diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_1/raw/doc_1_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_1/raw/doc_1_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d1521e987f9c3436b584aa28084ecb7be1ef2d29..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_1/raw/doc_1_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 127**\n\n# **Land conflicts and their impact on refugee women\u2019s** **livelihoods in southwestern Uganda**\n\n**Kalyango Ronald Sebba**\n\nDepartment of Women and Gender Studies\nMakerere University\nUganda\n\nE-mail kalyango@infocom.co.ug\n\nJuly 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqep00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper presents the preliminary findings of a study on land conflicts between\nrefugees and host communities in southwestern Uganda and their impact on refugee\nwomen\u2019s livelihoods. Uganda has a long history of hosting refugees that dates back to\nthe 1940s, when it hosted Polish refugees; Rwandese and Sudanese in the 1950s\n(Holborn 1975:1213-1225). Refugees were placed in gazetted areas in close proximity\nto the local populations such as in the settlements of Nakivale, Oruchinga, Kyaka 1\nand II in Southwestern Uganda; Rhino Camp, Imvepi and Ikafe in the West Nile\nregion; Achol Pii, Parolinya and Adjumani settlements in Northern Uganda; and\nKiryandongo and Kyangwali settlements in Central Uganda.\n\n\nOn the whole, placement in rural settlements was based on an assumption that the\nrefugee problem was temporal and would end as soon as the circumstances that led to\ntheir flight had ceased (Pincwya, 1998:8-25). However, this has not been the case and\nthe government was not prepared for a protracted refugee situation exacerbated by an\nincrease in the population of both refugees and nationals.\n\n\nLand conflicts between refugees and nationals are a result of government policy of\nsettling refugees in gazetted areas (Kalyango & Kirk, 2002). Placement in rural\nsettlements is based on the assumption that majority of refugees are of a rural\nbackground and can support themselves through agriculture until their repatriation\n(Kibreab, 1989; UNHCR, 2000, Jacobsen, 2001). Host populations first welcomed\nrefugees as those in need of protection and also as would-be beneficiaries of\ninfrastructure to be left behind on their repatriation (Harrell-Bond, 1986; 2002).\n\n\nHowever, as the refugee situation became protracted, hospitality gave way to a\ncompetition for resources such as agricultural and grazing land, water and forest\nresources (Pirouet, 1988; Bagenda et al, 2002; Jones, 2002). This has not been helped\nby persistent refugee flows from Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo,\nKenya, Somalia, Burundi and Ethiopia resulting in increased xenophobia against\nrefugees and a call for them to repatriate.\n\n\nLand is central to the sustainable livelihoods of rural households. For them it is not\njust land per se but arable and grazing land on which they depend for their livelihood.\nAs a result, any conflict over land impacts the households directly, and this impact is\ngender differentiated (Verma, 2001:3-4). The impact of land conflicts on refugee\nwomen\u2019s livelihoods has to be situated in the larger context of land problems in Sub\nSaharan Africa.\n\n\nThese include but are not limited to growing land concentration and scarcity;\ncompetition over land use and environmental and land degradation. Other problems\ninclude corruption in land markets, indeterminate boundaries of customarily held\nlands, a weak land administration system, and a lack of equity in land systems\n(Tshikaka, 2004). Women\u2019s interests in land were eroded by colonial policies and\nagrarian change that never addressed the core issues of gendered accessibility and\nequity. For instance, processes of differentiation and individualisation of land rights\nand land shortages have resulted in the concentration of land rights in men (Tshikaka,\n2004; Verma, 2001).\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Research focus and aims**\n\n\nGender inequalities persist in refugee situations and limit the extent to which women\nand girls can attain sustainable livelihoods. According to the World Bank (2003),\ngender inequalities tend to lower productivity and intensify unequal distribution of\nresources. They also contribute to non-monetary aspects of poverty, such as lack of\nsecurity, opportunity and empowerment, which lower the quality of life for both men\nand women (Ibid.; Tinker 1990). Whereas refugee women and girls face the brunt of\nthese factors, protection and assistance has largely focused on men. This resonates\nthrough almost all refugee policies and practices, which focus on men as household\nheads (Kalyango, forthcoming).\n\n\nRefugee women have complained against the status quo because it discriminates them\nin asylum claims, acquisition of identity documents and food ration cards, limits their\nfreedom of movement and makes them dependent on men (UNHCR 2001). Despite\nseveral attempts to address this anomaly, such as in the Convention for the\nElimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and in the\nUNHCR guidelines for refugee women and for Sex and Gender Based Violence, wide\ngender disparities between women and men in refugee situations remain common\n(UNHCR, 2000; 2003; UNIFEM, 2003; ).\n\n\nThe overall objective of the study was to establish the gendered impact of land\nconflicts on livelihoods of refugee women. Specifically, the paper takes a special\nfocus on the gender dimensions of the land conflicts and their impact on household\nlivelihoods. Gender is construed to refer to the socially constructed differences\nbetween men and women. Differences are embedded in social relations and therefore\ndiffer between cultures; they are constituted through and also help to constitute the\nexercise of other forms of social difference such as those of age, race or class (Kabeer,\n1994).\n\n\nIn identifying the gender impacts of the land conflicts, analysis was based on the\nconcepts of identity and agency. Identity concerns the social process whereby\nindividuals come to identify themselves with a particular configuration of social roles\nand relationships and agency describes the strategies used by individuals to create a\nviable and satisfying life for themselves in the context of or in spite of these identities\n(El Bushra, 2000). These concepts, as El-Bushra (Ibid.) noted, enable an\nunderstanding of the nature of violent conflicts and also an interrogation of the\nmotivations of different actors in a conflict.\n\n\n**Area of study**\n\n\nThe study was carried out in southwestern Uganda, Nakivale refugee settlement\nestablished in the early 1960s to cater for Rwandese refugees fleeing a bitter\nTutsi/Hutu ethnic conflict in 1959. It spreads over 21,756 hectares and is located in a\nsemi arid zone with limited arable land. The main economic activity is animal rearing\nand agriculture by both refugees and host populations. Nakivale is found in one of the\nremotest areas of Mbarara district with poor transport and social infrastructure which\nmake it not easily accessible.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Today, the settlement is home to over 15,000 refugees of different nationalities (see\ntable 1) and administered by a camp commandant under the government ministry of\nDisaster Preparedness and Refugees. UNHCR through its implementing partner the\nUganda Red Cross provides humanitarian assistance to the refugees. Unlike the host\npopulation, refugees have access to adequate social services provided by UNHCR.\nThis in itself has been a cause of xenophobia against refugees who are seen as more\nprivileged by the local population.\n\n\n**Table 1:** **Nakivale refugee population at 30 September 2004**\n\n|Age Group|0-4|Col3|5-17|Col5|18-59|Col7|60|Col9|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Nationality**|M|F|M|F|M|F|M|F||\n|Rwandan|2596|2347|2009|1796|1967|1814|57|49|12,635|\n|Kenyan|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|3|\n|Somali|70|65|137|138|230|233|8|3|884|\n|Ethiopian|4|4|7|5|38|15|0|0|73|\n|Congolese|188|201|199|203|238|229|17|19|1,294|\n|Burundi|39|36|59|41|88|63|0|0|326|\n|Sudanese|6|6|15|25|19|18|0|0|89|\n|**Total**|2903|2659|2426|2209|2581|2373|82|71|15,304|\n\n\n\n_Source: Camp commandant\u2019s office, Nakivale_\n\nEver since its establishment, the settlement has been a centre of controversy as\nregards its size and original boundaries. Located in central Ankole [1], it has been prone\nto encroachment by the populace who saw it as an area for expansion of their grazing\nactivities. Encroachment was of two types: extension of national land holdings into\ngazetted land and land loans given to nationals by refugees. This was also precipitated\nby the fact that there was a shrink in land availability for settlement and grazing in\nsurrounding areas especially after gazetting of Lake Mburo National Park in 1983 and\nout migration from neighbouring districts of Bushenyi and Ntugamo.\n\n\nLand conflicts are fuelled by the fact that large expanses of settlement land are\nunutilised land since the refugee population is small. This has resulted in a limitation\non expansion of refugee agricultural activities especially women in other parts of the\nsettlements; limited access to natural resources such as fuel wood and water and\ngrazing land.\n\n\n**Land conflicts between refugees and host populations**\n\n\nGenerally, it is vital to place refugee - host population conflict over land in the context\nof Uganda\u2019s land tenure system. Land tenure is the mode of land holding, together\nwith terms and conditions of occupancy. It is about \u2018the bundle of rights\u2019 held and\nenjoyed in the land resource. The relative degree to which individuals can profit from\nland resources is influenced by three factors: utilisation, duration of occupancy and\nrelocation rights (Nuwagaba et al, 2002). It is important to note that ambiguities exist\nin land tenure systems in Uganda as a result of its colonial history. For instance, at\nindependence in 1962, there were three land tenure systems: Mailo tenure, a system\nthat was exclusive to the kingdom of Buganda and traced its origins in the Buganda\n\n1 The people of Ankole are both pastorists and agriculturalists.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "agreement of 1900; Freehold tenure, a system created under the Crown Land\nOrdinance of 1903; the native freeholds, where the community control over land was\nwoven into a number of land rights (Nuwagaba et al, 2002).\n\n\nThe degree of enjoyment of the land resource has become a point of contention\nbetween host populations and refugees. At first, refugees were settled in sparsely\npopulated areas and enjoyed good relations with the host populations (Holborn,\n1975:1212). However, population increase and the advent of a cash economy\nincreased the value of land, leading to strained social relations between refugees and\nnationals (Kasfir, 1988:158). Moreover, refugees are regarded as non-citizens who\nshould not have any rights over land.\n\n\nLand conflicts between refugees and host population can be attributed to two main\nfactors, that is, exceeding of field or residential boundaries (encroachment) and\nacquisition by nationals (sometimes in the form of land loans). Land conflicts in the\nrefugee hosting areas are partly attributed to lack of clear refugee settlement\nboundaries (Mugerwa, 1992; Nuwagaba, 2002; Bagenda, 2003). According to the\nchairman of the district land board in Mbarara, there are no clear demarcations\nbetween refugees\u2019 and host population\u2019s land [2] .\n\n\nThe lack of clarity can be traced to reluctance of the Ankole kingdom [3] to favour\npermanent settlement of refugees in 1962 when they were first given land to settle\n(Holborn, 1974:1223). As a result there has been increased encroachment on refugee\nland by nationals, a practice exacerbated by weak administration systems. For\ninstance, some encroachers have even acquired land tittles on gazetted land, since the\nprocedure of acquiring a land title is very simple and open to abuse. All one needs is\nto fill out an application form from the district land board and take them to Local\nCouncil 1 (LC1) and have a \u2018neighbour\u2019 sign for confirmation.\n\n\nAfter the District Land Board has confirmed, land is surveyed and a land title issued.\nThe system has also been exploited by refugees, especially those of the 1959 caseload\nwho have acquired land tittles [4] on settlement land. For instance, there is a case of a\nRwandan refugee with a title for seven square kilometres of settlement land.\nInterestingly, it was also found out that the camp commandant of Nakivale refugee\nsettlement has had to appear in court on charges of distributing land to refugees in the\nsettlement [5] .\n\n\nFurthermore, there have also been disagreements between Mbarara district\nadministration officials and the government over land in refugee settlements. Part of\nthe disagreements are because the government has refused nationals to use refugee\nland. One district official interviewed said that government has not always agreed\nwith the district on matters pertaining to land conflicts in refugee settlement. The\nfindings of the study revealed that in fact, some of the district officials are themselves\nencroachers on settlement land. Institutional responses are further hindered by\nmigration of nationals from other areas, such as Nyabushozi and Bushenyi, because of\nland shortages. This migration is caused by anticipation that refugees will repatriate\n\n2 The settlement boundary was determined by ridges that surround it.\n3 These were the original owners of the land in Nakivale and Oruchinga before government gazetted\nthe settlement.\n4 Under the Ugandan law, refugees are not supposed to own land.\n5 Interviews camp commandant Nakivale and Refugee Desk officer Mbarara, October 2004.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "especially to Rwanda and leave vacant land in the settlements. On the other hand,\nrefugees from Rwanda are coming to Uganda because there is land for settlement\n(Bagenda et al, 2002). In response, government is in the process of resurveying the\nland and cancelling all land titles acquired on refugee land.\n\n\nTo further analyze the land conflicts, one also needs to understand the land problem in\nRwanda. According to Hajabakiga (2004:1-3) Rwanda has a population of 8.1 million\nand a population density of 308 inhabitants per square kilometre. On a whole, this\nplaces pressure on land leading to landlessness. Limited access to land in Rwanda has\nalso had an influence on the repatriation of Rwandese in that they prefer to stay in\nareas where they have access to land for their own livelihoods. For instance, it is this\nlack of land in Rwanda that has partly led to secondary refugee movements from\nTanzania to Uganda.\n\n\nEven some of the refugees who had repatriated after the genocide in 1994 returned to\nUganda to repossess their land holdings in refugee settlements. When asked about\ntheir repatriation, Rwandan refugees indicated that they had no land to return to in\nRwanda [6] . Indeed, Hajabakiga (2004) observed that between the 1950s and 1980s\nmany people in Rwanda lost their land rights for politically and ethnically motivated\nreasons. This, according to her, caused a problem when Rwandese repatriated after\n1994 since they had no lands to repossess, and some of them ended up taking up the\nlands of those who had fled that same year.\n\n\nGenerally, conflicts over land in Nakivale can be perceived as \u2018livelihood clashes\u2019\nbetween refugees and nationals, since land is a critical resource for supporting\nlivelihoods (Mugerwa, 1992, Verma, 2001:79). Hence it is important to understand\nthe interplay of various factors that influence access to and utilisation of land by both\nhost communities and refugees. For instance, despite settlement size, each refugee\nhousehold is given 0.04 hectares (20m x 20m) of land for homestead establishment\nand 0.15 as agricultural plots. This leaves a large part of the land under\u2013utilized\nproviding room for encroachment by nationals in need of grazing land.\n\n\nQuite often, animals stray into refugees\u2019 agricultural plots leading to a conflict\nbetween refugees and local populations. Usually, conflicts arise when livelihoods are\nthreatened and this threat can be internal (within the households or communities) or\nexternal-from outside the households or communities (Mugerwa, 1992:23; Verma,\n2001:97). At the centre of land conflicts are questions of ownership, access to and\ncontrol over natural resources. Land is regarded by locals as belonging to Ugandans\nwith refugees having no rights whatsoever. Regarding their interests in land, locals\naccuse the government of placing refugees\u2019 above those of the national population [7] .\nFor refugees, access is determined by legislation, as land is allocated for a settlement.\nParadoxically, settlements are sometimes established in non-agricultural productive\nareas, limiting livelihood opportunities. Furthermore, the government confines the\nrefugees in the settlement, allowing them only limited freedom of movement.\nRefugees have had to devise survival strategies such as spontaneous movement out of\nsettlements with no permission to do so.\n\n\n6\nFc Group Discussion Kigali zone, Nakivale (July 2004).\n7 Refugee Desk Officer, Mbarara October 2004.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Women\u2019s livelihood strategies_\n\n\nAccording to DFID (2001), a livelihood comprises the capabilities and assets (both\nmaterial and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A\nlivelihood is said to be sustainable when it can recover from shocks, stresses and\ntrends and maintain and enhance its capabilities both now and in the future while not\nundermining the natural resource base for future generations (Ibid).\n\n\nAccess to and control of land to a greater extent determines refugee women\u2019s access\nto livelihood assets such as physical capital, natural capital, human capital, financial\ncapital and social capital. Unfortunately, as Wengi (1998) points out, access and\ncontrol are limited by their lack of resource rights. For instance, in most of Sub\nSaharan Africa, women do not own land and even what they produce on the land, is\ncontrolled by the men (World Bank, 2000; Verma, 2001). Paradoxically, women\nthrough their labour are the major contributors to household livelihoods especially in\nrefugee situations (Mulumba, 2002).\n\n\nWomen and men negotiate access and maintain control over land as a productive and\nmaterial resource differently and inequitably within local relations of power (Verma,\n2001:79).Land conflicts influence women\u2019s access to resources such as cultivable\nland, water and firewood. Given their domestic responsibilities, refugee women\nnegotiate access to natural resources such as land for cultivation, firewood and water\nvital for the survival of their families.\n\n\nBecause of land conflicts and depletion of resources such as trees and arable soils\nwomen have been forced to look beyond the settlement for other sources. For\ninstance, interviews with refugee women revealed that they collect firewood and\nwater five to seven kilometres away from the settlement. Travelling such long\ndistances makes them vulnerable to sexual exploitation and gender based violence\nfrom both refugees and host populations. The distances also take away their valuable\ntime to engage in income generating activities or to participate in skills training.\n\n\nIt was also established that women do not control proceeds from surplus food sold in\nthe markets nor independently use the surplus from other household income\ngenerating activities. As a result, they are dependent on men for their daily needs a\nfact that greatly disadvantages them. For instance, because of their low income,\nwomen are denied access to dispute settling mechanisms in the settlements. For\nexample in the case of land conflicts, Refugee Welfare Committees [8] demand fees\nbefore they can settle a dispute.\n\n\nAccording to the Refugee Welfare Committee chairman, this is to \u2018facilitate\u2019 their\nwork in settling cases in the form of stationary. This requirement has become a\nhindrance to women who wish to seek assistance and adjudication of their cases.\nFurther to that, at times, police posts in the settlements also demand money from\nrefugees to address their complaints. For instance in cases where women report cases\nof sexual and gender based violence (SGBV), the police request \u2018fees\u2019 to arrest\n\n\n8 Refugee Welfare Committees are not facilitated by the government or UNHCR to carry out their day\nto day activities.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "perpetrators [9] . Since women often lack money to pay such fees, they at times fail to\nreport cases.\n\n\nRefuge women\u2019s vulnerability is also partly due to men who migrate out of the\nsettlements to seek for work opportunities in urban centres leaving their wives behind\nto maintain a presence in the settlement. As observed in a study of urban refugees in\nKampala (Kalyango, 1999) some refugees have ended up with a dual settlement, that\nis, some live in urban centres such as Mbarara and Kampala and only return to the\nsettlement when there is food distribution or a census.\n\n\nThe majority of refugee women respond to these hindrances in their attempts to\nestablish a livelihood by building up their social capital. For instance, they respond to\nthe lack of labour in the households as a consequence of the absence of men, by\nforming groups through which they harness their joint labour. Women for example\ncooperate in cultivating each other\u2019s gardens as a group. They also participate in\ncommunity activities such as women\u2019s groups, or as volunteers with humanitarian\nagencies operating in the settlement.\n\n\nSome refugee women work as social workers for the Uganda Red Cross Society or as\nCommunity Volunteers for the International Medial Corps (IMC). Social capital is\ndeveloped through vertical (patron/ client) or horizontal (between individuals with\nshared interests) networks that increase people\u2019s trust and ability to work together and\nexpand their access to wider institutions (DFID, 2001). Social capital helps to increase\nwomen\u2019s productivity, improves their access to income generating activities and\nfacilitates the sharing of knowledge (Ibid.).\n\n\nFurthermore, some women have devised survival strategies such as the use of sex and\nmarriage to achieve livelihood goals. For instance, they either exchange sex for\nservices they need or engage in outright prostitution. Joseph (not real name), who runs\na drug shop in the settlement, revealed that at times women request to exchange sex\nfor drugs in case they have no money.\n\n\nAnother livelihood strategy of women is that of marriage as agency to access\nlivelihood resources. Women seek marriage [10] to either nationals or refugee men. In\nthe absence of role models and evident benefits from formal education, marriage has\nremained as the only option for many. Girls are married off as early as 16 years to\nacquire income or dowry and or extra labour for the household. Refugees reported\nthat if a girl reaches puberty then she is ready for marriage as in the case of Esther:\n\n\nEsther lost her husband in 1994 in Rwanda while fleeing the genocide\nwith her under-aged daughter Doris. When she arrived in Nakivale\nrefugee settlement, she got involved with a Rwandan man in order to\nsecure social support and survival. She gave away Doris to another man\nto marry her. The man was later arrested for defilement which is illegal\nin Uganda after a marriage ceremony attended by the Refugee Welfare\nCommittee members. Doris\u2019s mother refused to give evidence against her\nson-in-law arguing that Doris was of age and that the man had been\nwrongly arrested.\n\n\n9 The request for fees arises out of the poor facilitation of the police units in the settlements.\n10 At times they cohabit with men with no formal marriage ceremonies.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Early marriages arise out of the communities\u2019 view that women\u2019s place in society is in\nthe home (Obbo, 1990:210). Early marriages however have a negative impact on\ngirls\u2019 access to education and building up their human capital. Human capital\nrepresents the skills, knowledge, ability, labour and good health that together enable\npeople to pursue different livelihood strategies and achieve their livelihood objectives\n(DFID, 2001).\n\n\nThe study concurs with the World Bank (2000:152) which observed that when girls\nreach adolescence, they are generally expected to spend more time on household\nactivities such as cooking, cleaning, collecting fuel and water and caring for children.\nMoreover, quite often men marry young girls not for companionship but as extra\nlabourers in households.\n\n\nSuch attitudes have partly led to high school drop out rate for girls in higher classes\n(secondary school level) despite high enrolment rates in lower classes (primary school\nlevel). Education policies have emphasised the enrolment of girls in both primary and\nsecondary school and not their retention in school. Whereas girls are encouraged to\nattend school, nothing much has been done to provide an enabling environment for\ntheir retention in school. According to the Government of Uganda\u2019s Development\nAssistance for Refugees (DAR) policy, refugees need more education facilities to\nensure that children are able to access primary education (GoU, 2004:12).\n\n\nA closer look at the government strategy shows that it does not address the quality of\neducation and the retention of the girl child in school. For instance, in one of the\nsecondary schools in the settlement, of the 300 students, 200 are boys and 100 are\ngirls. The head teacher said that girls have a high drop out rate because of early\nmarriages, pregnancy and neglect of parents. Mulumba (1998:35-40) noted that there\nis little motivation to educate daughters and further observed that in the refugee\nsettlements, it is not uncommon for girls as young as 13 and 14 years to marry.\n\n\nA limited number of women are involved in the informal sector within the settlement\ninstead of only relying on land resources. Some women operate kiosks that sell basic\nnecessities such as sugar, salt, paraffin; others provide services operating hair saloons\nand restaurants. This concurs with research by Deepa Narayan (2000:45), who\nobserved that poor people try to diversify their sources of income and food by\ncarrying out different income generating activities.\n\n\nDespite their hard work, it was found that women rarely participate in decisionmaking processes at both the household and community level. This is a result of\ncultural expectations that perceive women as belonging to the \u2018home\u2019 (Tinker,\n1990:17) and their preoccupation in care activities that limit their time to actively\nparticipate in decision-making.\n\n\nRefugee women with some form of formal education seek employment in the\nsettlements, although the opportunities are limited. A few semi-skilled women are\nemployed as social workers, community volunteers, teachers or midwives in the\nhealth units. In all these activities, they earn incentives that are not commensurate to\nthe work they do, as according to the government of Uganda, refugees are not\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "supposed to work. Hence, humanitarian agencies cannot sign a contract with them,\ngive them terms of reference and pay them a salary [11] .\n\n\nAnother livelihood strategy is that of engaging in Functional Adult Literacy (FAL)\nprograms. The majority of the refugees who attend these classes seek to learn English\nin order to improve their (economic and social) integration into the Ugandan\ncommunity.\n\n\nIt is also a strategy of those who hope to be resettled in other countries such as the\nUnited States of America, Australia and Canada. Enrolment in English language\nclasses reveals that refugee women have a long-term view of their livelihood beyond\nthe parameters of their households and domestic work. Whereas they thus search for\nopportunities that can get them and their families out of poverty, at the same time it is\nimportant to realize that they are constrained by having to juggle their studying with\ncare and livelihood activities in the households.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nIn all, conflicts over land between refugees and host populations have had negative\nimpact on the way refugee women access livelihood goals. Land, for the majority of\nrefugee women is central to their survival. In order to overcome the predicaments of\nland conflicts and inequitable access to resources, refugee women have devised other\nlivelihood strategies to ensure their survival and that of their children. For instance\nmarriage, Functional Adult Literacy and building up of their social capital are seen as\nagency in this regard.\n\n\nThe extent to which refugee women can attain livelihood goals is however limited by\nrestrictions on their freedom of movement. As a result, refugees fail to fully utilize\nlivelihood opportunities even when they sneak out of the settlement. Ideally, for a way\nforward, refugees should be given an opportunity to build their livelihoods outside the\nframework of the settlement approach which is prone to conflicts with the local\npopulation and greatly limits achievement of sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n11 Interview with program officer, Uganda Red Cross October 2004\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/25fc0094-24f1-3263-899c-cd26c916fb9d/0076AAD88CE65B2AC12571B900320D05-unhcr-uga-28jul.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_10/raw/doc_10_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_10/raw/doc_10_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2c21f3b62cfca6ce3bfd26b7c1f4b71430b41521..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_10/raw/doc_10_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# SER UNA PERSONA REFUGIADA EN PANAM\u00c1\n\nDiagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015\n\n\n\n**Ser una persona refugiada en Panam\u00e1**\n**Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015**\n\n\n**Producci\u00f3n de dise\u00f1o:**\nLegacy Comunicaci\u00f3n Educativa\n\n\n_Las fotos de este documento son de autor\u00eda_\n_del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas_\n_para los Refugiados (ACNUR)_\n\n\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas\npara los Refugiados (ACNUR)\nRepresentaci\u00f3n Regional para\nAm\u00e9rica Central, Cuba y M\u00e9xico.\n\n\nCiudad del Saber, Clayton\nCiudad de Panam\u00e1\nTel.: +507 317-1723\nFax: +507 317-1715\nwww.acnur.org\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas**\n**para los Refugiados**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Junio 2015\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### _Agradecimiento_\n\ns fundamental mencionar que esta consulta fue posible gracias a la valiosa colaboraci\u00f3n\n###### E\nde un gran n\u00famero de organismos y personas. La oficina del ACNUR en Panam\u00e1 expresa su\nagradecimiento especialmente a las personas refugiadas y solicitantes de asilo, los organismos\nde Estado: la Oficina Nacional para la Atenci\u00f3n a Refugiados (ONPAR) y el Instituto Nacional\nde la Mujer (INAMU), y las organizaciones no gubernamentales: Cruz Roja Paname\u00f1a, Consejo\nNoruego para Refugiados, HIAS, la Pastoral de Movilidad Humana, el Servicio Jesuita para\nRefugiados y Refugee Education Trust (RET), por participar en el desarrollo de este informe\nproporcionando su tiempo y sus enriquecedoras experiencias para orientar este trabajo. Su\nasistencia ha sido sumamente relevante para el desarrollo de este ejercicio.\n\n\nPor cuarta vez en Panam\u00e1, ACNUR realiza el proceso de consulta de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada,\ndenominado Diagnostico Participativo. El diagnostico participativo consiste en un proceso de\ndialogo estructurado con grupos de mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes y hombres con el fin de\nrecopilar informaci\u00f3n precisa sobre los problemas de protecci\u00f3n a los que se enfrenta la poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y solicitante de asilo permitiendo la comprensi\u00f3n m\u00e1s profunda de los riesgos que\ncorren, los obst\u00e1culos que deben sobrepasar y las soluciones que proponen para su bienestar.\n\n\n**ACNUR 2015**\n\n\n#### PRESENTACI\u00d3N\n\nLa Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) actuando\nbajo la autoridad de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, tiene el mandato de proporcionar\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional a las personas refugiadas, as\u00ed como buscar soluciones duraderas a las\nsituaciones que enfrentan.\n\n\nEn Panam\u00e1, el ACNUR trabaja en estrecha coordinaci\u00f3n con el Estado y la sociedad civil para\ngarantizar la protecci\u00f3n internacional de todas las personas refugiadas que residen en el territorio\ndel pa\u00eds, as\u00ed como aquellas que solicitan el reconocimiento de su condici\u00f3n como refugiadas. La\noficina realiza acciones a fin de asegurar el acceso y el disfrute de los derechos de mujeres, hombres,\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes del inter\u00e9s del ACNUR.\n\n\nEl ACNUR coordina esfuerzos con la Oficina Nacional para la Atenci\u00f3n a Refugiados (ONPAR),\nla instituci\u00f3n gubernamental que tiene un papel fundamental en el procedimiento de determinaci\u00f3n\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, junto con la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n para Refugiados. Con el\nmismo objetivo, el ACNUR coordina esfuerzos con instituciones nacionales incluyendo el Servicio\nNacional de Migraci\u00f3n, la Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Ni\u00f1ez, Adolescencia y Familia (SENNIAF), el\nServicio Nacional de Fronteras (SENAFRONT), el Instituto Nacional para la Mujer (INAMU) y la\nDefensor\u00eda del Pueblo. Adem\u00e1s el ACNUR trabaja en colaboraci\u00f3n con organizaciones de la sociedad\ncivil incluyendo a la Pastoral de Movilidad Humana, la Cruz Roja Paname\u00f1a y el Consejo Noruego\npara Refugiados, HIAS, Refugee Education Trust (RET) y Servicio Jesuita para Refugiados (SJR).\n\n\nDebido a la posici\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de Panam\u00e1, el pa\u00eds se constituye en un lugar de paso para\nmovimientos migratorios mixtos, entre los cuales se encuentran personas con necesidad de\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional. La mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en Panam\u00e1 viene de pa\u00edses de la\nregi\u00f3n, como Colombia, Cuba, Venezuela y, en menor escala, de pa\u00edses del Tri\u00e1ngulo Norte de\nCentroam\u00e9rica. Aproximadamente el 87% de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada vive en \u00e1reas urbanas, como\nson el Distrito de Panama, San Miguelito, Arraij\u00e1n y la Chorrera. Debido a la perspectiva a trav\u00e9s de\nla cual se entiende la migraci\u00f3n en la regi\u00f3n, la integraci\u00f3n local de los refugiados y solicitantes de\nla condici\u00f3n de refugiado se dificulta debido al desconocimiento de la poblaci\u00f3n en general sobre\ntemas relacionados a los refugiados y a los motivos de salida de sus pa\u00edses de origen.\n\n\nEn este contexto, el trabajo del ACNUR en Panam\u00e1 se enfoca en dos \u00e1reas: el fortalecimiento\ndel sistema de asilo en un marco de respeto al debido proceso y el acceso a derechos por parte de\nla poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, que permite de esa manera su\nintegraci\u00f3n local.\n\n\nEl Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo del ACNUR, realizado con poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en \u00e1reas urbanas y\nrurales, tiene como objetivo entender mejor los retos, las dificultades, los desaf\u00edos y las oportunidades\ndesde su llegada al pa\u00eds hasta el momento en que se integran definitivamente a la sociedad paname\u00f1a\na trav\u00e9s de la naturalizaci\u00f3n. Para el ACNUR, el acceso a derechos es lo que permite que las personas\nque han salido de sus pa\u00edses por temor fundado de persecuci\u00f3n reciban protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n6 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Un tema de vital importancia en la protecci\u00f3n internacional, que es abordado en este documento,\nes el acceso al territorio y al procedimiento de la determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Es\nnecesario que las autoridades tomen las acciones necesarias para salvaguardar las garant\u00edas del debido\nproceso en todas las etapas incluyendo desde la llegada al territorio hasta la decisi\u00f3n final por la que se\nreconoce o no la condici\u00f3n de refugiado de las personas solicitantes.\n\n\nEn 2014, se celebr\u00f3 el trig\u00e9simo aniversario de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena donde los gobiernos, la\nsociedad civil y el ACNUR se reunieron para reflexionar y buscar respuestas concretas a la protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional de refugiados, solicitantes, ap\u00e1tridas y otras personas de inter\u00e9s del ACNUR. El proceso\nconmemorativo culmin\u00f3 con la adopci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Brasil en diciembre 2014.\n\n\nEn esta Declaraci\u00f3n, se contempla el Programa \u201cAsilo de Calidad\u201d que es facilitado por el ACNUR\nen pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n, incluido Panam\u00e1, con el objetivo de mejorar los procedimientos de elegibilidad,\nfortalecer la capacidad y el conocimiento de las autoridades del asilo, e introducir conceptos eficientes\nde gesti\u00f3n y manejo de procedimientos. La implementaci\u00f3n del programa \u201cAsilo de Calidad\u201d permitir\u00e1\ngarantizar el acceso efectivo al procedimiento de la determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, el\nrespeto al principio de no devoluci\u00f3n, el principio de confidencialidad y otros.\n\n\nLas soluciones duraderas para los refugiados en el acceso a sus derechos se constituyen en un\npaso importante para que logren integrarse efectivamente en la sociedad paname\u00f1a; sin embargo,\nrepresenta mayores retos. Los refugiados y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en Panam\u00e1 se\nenfrentan a varias dificultades en el acceso a los derechos humanos m\u00e1s b\u00e1sicos, como el derecho al\ntrabajo, a la educaci\u00f3n, a la vivienda y a la salud. La falta de acceso a sus derechos conlleva una serie\nconsecuencias para la integraci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nen Panam\u00e1. Para que la integraci\u00f3n local sea efectiva es necesario contar con pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y con\nmarcos legales y econ\u00f3micos apropiados que promuevan esta soluci\u00f3n duradera.\n\n\nEl ACNUR reitera su compromiso en la protecci\u00f3n de refugiados y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado en Panam\u00e1, as\u00ed como su compromiso en la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones duraderas que tengan en\ncuenta sus derechos y la diversidad que caracteriza a esta poblaci\u00f3n.\n\nEl ACNUR espera que este Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo sea un medio para generar conciencia sobre\nla realidad de los refugiados en Panam\u00e1 y en el mundo, as\u00ed como en la importancia de contribuir en\nla b\u00fasqueda de soluciones y respuestas integrales, coordinadas y efectivas con miras a asegurar que\naquellas personas que necesiten protecci\u00f3n puedan acceder a ella de forma efectiva y de acuerdo a los\nprincipios y est\u00e1ndares internacionales.\n\n\n**Fernando Protti Alvarado**\n_Representante Regional del Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas_\n_para los Refugiados en Am\u00e9rica Central, Cuba y M\u00e9xico_\nPanam\u00e1, junio 2015\n\n\n#### PREFACIO ONPAR\n\nLa Oficina Nacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de Refugiados (ONPAR), dependencia del Ministerio de\nGobierno dirigido por su Excelencia Milton Henr\u00edquez - Ministro de Gobierno, y su Excelencia\nMar\u00eda Luisa Romero \u2013 Viceministra de Gobierno, con el prop\u00f3sito de cumplir con las obligaciones\ninternacionales y con el Plan de Gobierno propuesto por su Excelencia Juan Carlos Varela \u2013\nPresidente de la Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1, tiene dentro de sus objetivos espec\u00edficos el promover\nel respeto de los Derechos de los solicitantes, refugiados, y su n\u00facleo familiar; garantizarle un\nprocedimiento adecuado y eficaz, con el prop\u00f3sito de que puedan acceder a todos los servicios que\nbrinda actualmente ONPAR, y as\u00ed obtener una adecuada coordinaci\u00f3n, planificaci\u00f3n y ejecuci\u00f3n de\nlas decisiones que tome la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para la Protecci\u00f3n de Refugiados, que es la entidad\nque en nuestro pa\u00eds decide acerca del otorgamiento del estatuto de refugiado.\n\n\nDesde el mes de julio del a\u00f1o 2014 cuando asum\u00ed la direcci\u00f3n de la Oficina Nacional para la\natenci\u00f3n de Refugiados (ONPAR), nos planteamos un plan de trabajo con metas a corto, mediano\ny largo plazo, algunas de las cuales ya hemos cumplido y se han traducido en cambios sustanciales\nen el funcionamiento de ONPAR, y en el mejoramiento del servicio que prestamos. Entre ellos\npodemos mencionar el fortalecimiento del procedimiento para la determinaci\u00f3n del estatuto de\nrefugiado, implementando de manera inmediata las recomendaciones, proyecto que llevamos a\ncabo en conjunto con ACNUR, un mejor control en las entradas de las solicitudes, estad\u00edsticas,\nseguimientos, digitalizaci\u00f3n, entre otros, implementando la Base de Datos donada, la incorporaci\u00f3n\nde investigaciones de contexto en el an\u00e1lisis de las solicitudes y el mejoramiento en la estructura y\nan\u00e1lisis de los informes presentados a la Comisi\u00f3n, capacitaciones para los colaboradores con el\napoyo de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y de ACNUR, la incorporaci\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes al proceso de determinaci\u00f3n del estatuto de refugiados con la asistencia de un equipo\ninterdisciplinario (Trabajadora Social, Psic\u00f3logo, y Abogado). Adem\u00e1s, nuestro pa\u00eds particip\u00f3 en la\nadopci\u00f3n del \u201cPlan de Acci\u00f3n de Brasil\u201d, el cual fija una ruta com\u00fan para la regi\u00f3n con el prop\u00f3sito de\nfortalecer la Protecci\u00f3n y Promover soluciones sostenibles para las personas refugiadas, desplazadas\ny personas que carecen de nacionalidad denominados Ap\u00e1tridas. Sin embargo, a\u00fan tenemos algunas\nmetas pendientes, dentro de las cuales podemos mencionar: coordinar la adopci\u00f3n de medidas para\nfacilitar la integraci\u00f3n de las personas solicitantes de refugio y refugiadas a la sociedad paname\u00f1a,\nlo que implica que entre otras cosas estas tengan acceso al trabajo, la educaci\u00f3n, entre otros, mejorar\nla calidad de la metodolog\u00eda de entrevista, as\u00ed como las condiciones de privacidad en las que estas\nson realizadas, coordinar la elaboraci\u00f3n de un Protocolo de Atenci\u00f3n para los Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y\nAdolescentes Refugiados, evaluar el borrador de la Ley de Apatridia, con el fin de que nuestro pa\u00eds\nadopte un procedimiento para la determinaci\u00f3n de la apatridia, y presentar las modificaciones del\nDecreto Ejecutivo N\u00b0 23, entre otros. Sin embargo, s\u00f3lo ser\u00e1 posible cumplir estas metas que nos\nhemos trazado contando con la colaboraci\u00f3n de las instituciones estatales responsables de algunos\nde los temas mencionados, pero tambi\u00e9n de ACNUR y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil.\n\n\n**Yaribeth de Calvo**\nDirectora Nacional\nOficina Nacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de Refugiados\nMinisterio de Gobierno\n\n\n\n8 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGIADO(A)\nUn refugiado es una persona\nque, debido a fundados temores de\nser perseguida por motivos de raza,\nreligi\u00f3n, nacionalidad, pertenencia a un\ndeterminado grupo social u opiniones\npol\u00edticas, se encuentra fuera de su pa\u00eds\nde nacionalidad y no puede o, a causa\nde dichos temores, no quiere acogerse a\nla protecci\u00f3n de tal pa\u00eds. _Convenci\u00f3n_\n_de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Estatuto_\n_de los Refugiados (1951), Art\u00edculo 1._\nSOLICITANTES DE LA CONDICI\u00d3N\nDE REFUGIADO (SOLICITANTES DE ASILO)\nSolicitante de asilo es quien solicita\nel reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado y cuya solicitud todav\u00eda no ha\nsido evaluada en forma definitiva.\n\n\n\nESTATUTO HUMANITARIO PROVISIONAL\nDE PROTECCI\u00d3N (PTH)\nEs un estatuto de protecci\u00f3n\nconcedido de forma temporal por\nel Gobierno de Panam\u00e1 en caso de\nafluencia a gran escala de personas que\nbuscan protecci\u00f3n dentro del territorio.\nLos beneficiarios del Estatuto\nHumanitario Provisional de Protecci\u00f3n,\ntambi\u00e9n conocido como PTH, no gozan\nde los mismos derechos y beneficios\nlegales y sociales de aquellas personas\nreconocidas formalmente como\nRefugiados entre ellas la libertad\nde movimiento y el derecho a un\npermiso de trabajo.\n_Decreto Ejecutivo N\u00b023 de febrero_\n_de 1998, Titulo II._\n\n\n\nSOCIOS IMPLEMENTADORES\nY OPERACIONALES\nLos socios implementadores son\naquellas organizaciones a las cuales el\nACNUR conf\u00eda la ejecuci\u00f3n\nde proyectos y recursos dirigidos\na la asistencia humanitaria\nde refugiados y solicitantes de asilo\nen el pa\u00eds siguiendo un documento\ncontractual que formaliza la relaci\u00f3n\nentre ambas organizaciones. Mientras\nque un socio operacional es aquella\norganizaci\u00f3n que dirige proyectos\npropios y complementa la asistencia\ndirigida a personas refugiadas y\nsolicitante de asilo sin manejar\nde manera directa recursos\nproporcionados por el ACNUR.\n\n\n\nLA OFICINA NACIONAL PARA LA ATENCI\u00d3N\nDE REFUGIADOS (ONPAR)\nONPAR, una oficina adscrita al\nMinisterio de Gobierno, fue creada\na trav\u00e9s del Decreto Ejecutivo N\u00b023 del\n10 de febrero de 1998 con el fin\nde coordinar y ejecutar los\nprogramas de atenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n a\nlos Refugiados en Panam\u00e1, adem\u00e1s\nde las decisiones adoptadas por\nla Comisi\u00f3n de Elegibilidad.\nEn Panam\u00e1, ONPAR es la oficina\nencargada de procesar las solicitudes\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\ny dem\u00e1s tr\u00e1mites administrativos\nrelacionados al proceso, por ejemplo\nla renovaci\u00f3n de los documentos\nde identidad.\n\n\n\nCOMISI\u00d3N NACIONAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N PARA\nREFUGIADOS (COMISI\u00d3N DE ELEGIBILIDAD)\nLa Comisi\u00f3n de Elegibilidad,\nestablecida seg\u00fan el Decreto Ejecutivo\nN\u00b0 23 de 1998, tiene como mandato\naplicar las disposiciones\nde la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 sobre\nel Estatuto de los Refugiados\ny su Protocolo de 1967, as\u00ed como\ncualquier otra norma, acuerdo o\ndisposici\u00f3n de legislaci\u00f3n interna,\nrelativa al reconocimiento, protecci\u00f3n y\nasistencia de los refugiados.\nLa funci\u00f3n principal de la Comisi\u00f3n de\nElegibilidad es la evaluaci\u00f3n\nde las solicitudes presentadas ante\nONPAR para el reconocimiento\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n\n\n\nAUTORIDADES RECEPTORAS PRIMARIAS\nLa autoridad receptora primaria\nes un t\u00e9rmino utilizado para identificar\na cualquier funcionario que reciba en\nprimera instancia al solicitante de asilo.\nEsta autoridad u oficina de gobierno tiene\nla responsabilidad, seg\u00fan el articulo 28 del\nDecreto Ejecutivo N\u00b0 23 de 1998,\nde notificar a la ONPAR la llegada de un\nsolicitante de asilo refiriendo a la persona\npara el inicio de su tr\u00e1mite. A nivel pr\u00e1ctico\nlas autoridades receptoras en Panam\u00e1\nincluyen al Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n\n(SNM), el Servicio Nacional de Fronteras\n(SENAFRONT), el Servicio Aero Naval\n(SENAN) y la Polic\u00eda Nacional, aunque\ncualquier otra autoridad que identifique\nun caso tiene la misma responsabilidad\nde referir, en un t\u00e9rmino no mayor de 24\nhoras, el caso a la ONPAR.\n\n\n\n10 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Sistema de determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, documentaci\u00f3n y cambio de condici\u00f3n migratorio\n\nINTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\n\n\nLa Oficina del ACNUR en Panam\u00e1 contin\u00faa brindando el\napoyo t\u00e9cnico al Estado paname\u00f1o para fortalecer el sistema\nde reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, esto apunta\na un mejoramiento continuo desde el acceso al territorio de\nun solicitantes de asilo hasta garantizar un recurso efectivo\nde apelaci\u00f3n, de acuerdo a los est\u00e1ndares de protecci\u00f3n de\ninstrumentos de derecho internacional y regional.\n\n\nPROCEDIMIENTO PARA EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA CONDICI\u00d3N DE REFUGIADO\n\n\nSeg\u00fan cifras de ONPAR 1,184 personas solicitaron la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado o asilo durante el 2014. Asimismo,\nestad\u00edsticas brindadas por la ONPAR indican que 297\nsolicitudes fueron analizadas por esta instituci\u00f3n durante el\na\u00f1o 2014. De \u00e9stas, 76 resoluciones de admisibilidad y 226\nresoluciones de no admisibilidad. Con base a estas cifras, se\npuede inferir que solo un 26% de las solicitudes analizadas\ndurante el pasado a\u00f1o, fueron puestas en conocimiento de\nla Comisi\u00f3n de elegibilidad, en adelante Comisi\u00f3n, para su\nreconocimiento o no como refugiado. Asi mismo, ACNUR\ncalcula que s\u00f3lo un 12% de los solicitantes son reconocidos\ncomo refugiados.\n\n\nDe acuerdo a registros del ACNUR, existen\naproximadamente 2,000 solicitudes pendientes de an\u00e1lisis\ntanto de la ONPAR como de la Comisi\u00f3n. \u00c9sta cifra\nacumulada de solicitudes puede responder a varios factores\ncomo por ejemplo: (1) el contraste entre el n\u00famero de\npersonas encargadas de analizar las solicitudes en ONPAR\nversus el n\u00famero de solicitantes de asilo; (2) el n\u00famero de\ninstancias en que la Comisi\u00f3n se re\u00fane durante el a\u00f1o.\n\n\nEstad\u00edsticas que apoyan la informaci\u00f3n brindada por\nsolicitantes de asilo durante los diversos diagn\u00f3sticos\nparticipativos identificando un proceso complejo y largo que\npuede durar hasta dos a\u00f1os.\n\nRespecto a la informaci\u00f3n disponible para los\nsolicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, \u00e9stos manifestaron\nque desear\u00edan que hubiera m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el\nprocedimiento administrativo para reconocer su condici\u00f3n,\nen especial sobre sus deberes y derechos. En zonas rurales,\nla informaci\u00f3n sobre el procedimiento es a\u00fan m\u00e1s escasa,\nincluso para las propias autoridades receptoras. Asimismo,\nlos solicitantes cuyo idioma es distinto al espa\u00f1ol se\u00f1alaron\n\n\n\nEn el siguiente cap\u00edtulo esperamos enumerar los\ndiferentes riesgos de protecci\u00f3n identificados por la\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante de asilo en relaci\u00f3n a este\nprocedimiento, al igual que los importantes avances que se\nlograron en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en relaci\u00f3n a la regularizaci\u00f3n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n PTH y el establecimiento de un proceso\npermanente que permite la integraci\u00f3n legal en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nla importancia de contar con informaci\u00f3n en otros idiomas\nadem\u00e1s del espa\u00f1ol.\n\nEn cuanto al acceso al territorio y al procedimiento, la\nmayor\u00eda de las solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado son\npresentadas directamente ante la ONPAR. Sin embargo, el\nacceso al territorio y al procedimiento de asilo puede no siempre\nocurrir en contextos donde los solicitantes tienen la posibilidad\nde aproximarse a las oficinas de la ONPAR. En ocasiones \u00e9stos\ningresan en contextos rurales como la Provincia de Dari\u00e9n\ndonde no hay presencia de la ONPAR de manera permanente\nincrementando el riesgo de rechazo o prohibici\u00f3n de ingreso\nen frontera.\n\nDe igual manera pueden solicitar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nestando en el albergue de migraci\u00f3n situaci\u00f3n que los pone en\nriesgo de no poder trasmitir su solicitud ante ONPAR. Estas\nsituaciones pueden agravarse para aquellas personas que son\nde otros continentes y que no hablan el idioma espa\u00f1ol.\n\n\nPara efectos de garantizar el acceso al territorio y al\nprocedimiento, se destaca la necesidad de crear un protocolo\npara la referencia de casos de solicitantes ante la ONPAR para\nreducir el riesgo de devoluci\u00f3n.\n\n\nPara tal fin, es preciso la participaci\u00f3n del Servicio\nNacional de Migraci\u00f3n y el Servicio Nacional de Fronteras.\n\n\nDurante los \u00faltimos meses, se destaca un progreso en las\nresoluciones que emite la ONPAR, particularmente en la\nmotivaci\u00f3n, an\u00e1lisis y fundamentaci\u00f3n de sus decisiones de\nadmisibilidad al procedimiento. De esta manera, aquellos\nsolicitantes que no son admitidos a tr\u00e1mite pueden presentar\nun recurso de reconsideraci\u00f3n con mayor conocimiento de\nlas razones por las que fueron negadas sus solicitudes.\n\n\n\nDOCUMENTACI\u00d3N\n\n\nLa documentaci\u00f3n apropiada de los refugiados y solicitantes\ndisminuye el riesgo de detenci\u00f3n, protege de la devoluci\u00f3n y\nfacilita el acceso a servicios y derechos.\n\nEn los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os Panam\u00e1 ha tomado la iniciativa de\nexpedir carn\u00e9s de identidad a solicitantes de asilo en espera de\nsu admisi\u00f3n a tr\u00e1mite respondiendo a uno de los riesgos m\u00e1s\nsignificativos de pasados Diagn\u00f3sticos Participativos. En este\nsentido la poblaci\u00f3n solicitante ha calificado la medida como\nuna iniciativa justa, pero con necesidad de ser fortalecida\nidentific\u00e1ndose como problemas:\n\n\na) La vigencia temporal de los carn\u00e9s que no se ajusta a la\nrealidad del proceso, ya que la gesti\u00f3n para renovar el carn\u00e9\nde solicitante puede demorar meses y muchas veces son\naprehendidos por autoridades por estar indocumentados o\npor tener documentaci\u00f3n expirada,\n\n\nb) la falta de conocimiento de las autoridades (entidades de\nseguridad) sobre el estatuto de refugiado y la ONPAR, conducen\na una situaci\u00f3n que aumenta los riesgos de detenci\u00f3n o abuso al\nno reconocerse como documentos v\u00e1lidos. Las certificaciones\nprovisorias entregadas por ONPAR, de atrasarse el proceso de\nrenovaci\u00f3n o debido a problemas t\u00e9cnicos que no permitan\nla expedici\u00f3n de los carn\u00e9s tampoco protegen a las personas.\n\n\nLos atrasos en los procesos de renovaci\u00f3n de los\ndocumentos de identidad tambi\u00e9n afectan a los solicitantes\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado admitidos a tr\u00e1mite y a los\nrefugiados reconocidos, identific\u00e1ndose casos donde son\nsancionados por el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n con multas\npor no renovar sus carn\u00e9s a tiempo a pesar de haber solicitado\nante la ONPAR la renovaci\u00f3n con d\u00edas de anticipaci\u00f3n. En esta\nl\u00ednea la poblaci\u00f3n consultada ha reconocido las limitaciones\nde la ONPAR relacionadas a la falta de personal y al aumento\nde las solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, situaci\u00f3n que\n\n\n\nreconocen puede dificultar el procesamiento efectivo de\notras solicitudes administrativas como son: la renovaci\u00f3n\nde documentos de identidad, permisos de trabajo y\ncertificaciones. En este caso la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante\nde asilo ha identificado como una de las posibles soluciones\nla elaboraci\u00f3n de manuales internos, en ONPAR, donde se\nestablezca de manera clara los procedimientos y t\u00e9rminos\nde renovaci\u00f3n de los documentos buscando de esta manera\nel procesamiento ordenado, r\u00e1pido y justo de las solicitudes\nde renovaci\u00f3n.\n\nUna de las mayores inquietudes tanto de los solicitantes\ncomo de los refugiados, es el uso del t\u00e9rmino de \u201crefugiado\u201d en\ntodas las documentaciones que les son entregadas durante el\nprocedimiento, ya que creen que esta origina discriminaci\u00f3n\nal encontrarse con autoridades de polic\u00eda o incluso en la\nb\u00fasqueda de un trabajo.\n\n\nEn el caso de Dari\u00e9n, los refugiados reconocidos afrontan\nde igual manera dificultades al momento de renovar su\nidentificaci\u00f3n siendo la causa principal la falta de presencia de\nlas instituciones encargadas de la renovaci\u00f3n de documentos,\nespecialmente ONPAR, y la centralizaci\u00f3n del proceso\nde renovaci\u00f3n en Ciudad de Panam\u00e1. De forma que todo\ninteresado en tramitar un documento debe obligatoriamente\napersonarse a las oficinas centrales de ONPAR y el Servicio\nNacional de Migraci\u00f3n, respectivamente.\n\n\nA esto se le suma los altos costos de transporte para\nmovilizarse hasta la ciudad de Panam\u00e1, costos que por lo\ngeneral la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en la provincia de Dari\u00e9n no\npuede cubrir.\n\n\nEn temas de documentaci\u00f3n, el \u201cdocumento de viaje\u201d se\nmantiene como un pendiente, limitando las opciones de viaje\na refugiados que por raz\u00f3n de su temor no puedan obtener un\npasaporte de su pa\u00eds de origen.\n\n\n\n\n\n16 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LA NATURALIZACI\u00d3N COMO \u00daNICA FORMA DE CULMINAR LA PROTECCI\u00d3N COMO PERSONA REFUGIADA\n\n\n\nPanam\u00e1 dio un gran paso en materia legislativa con la\naprobaci\u00f3n de la Ley 74 de 2013 que brinda la oportunidad\na los refugiados, previo cumplimiento de requisitos, de\nsolicitar la residencia permanente y obtener un permiso de\ntrabajo indefinido. Las personas refugiadas mencionaron\nque la residencia permanente abre las puertas a muchas\nm\u00e1s oportunidades de empleo y autosuficiencia en general.\nPrincipalmente, el permiso de trabajo indefinido les brinda\nmayor estabilidad laboral en sus respectivos oficios.\n\n\nNo obstante, es importante reconocer que la obtenci\u00f3n\nde la residencia permanente \u2013 en el caso de la Ley 74 - no\nculmina la protecci\u00f3n como persona refugiada. En este\nsentido, las personas refugiadas se\u00f1alaron que ciertas autoridades\nconsideran que ellos pierden la condici\u00f3n de refugiado una vez\nobtienen la residencia permanente. A este respecto, la legislaci\u00f3n\nde Panam\u00e1 es clara en confirmar que las personas que aplican a\nla ley 74 siguen siendo refugiados a pesar de contar con un carn\u00e9\nde residente permanente, aunque persiste la \u201cdesinformaci\u00f3n\u201d de\nacuerdo a los refugiados.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada manifest\u00f3 que le\ngustar\u00eda tener un mensaje uniforme de las autoridades sobre\nsi necesitan solicitar un permiso de salida para salir del pa\u00eds\ny regresar continuando con la protecci\u00f3n como persona\nrefugiada. En este caso la poblaci\u00f3n manifest\u00f3 su temor de\nviajar y perder su condici\u00f3n de refugiado(a).\n\n\nEn cuanto al procedimiento, para adquirir la residencia\npermanente, segun la Ley 74 de 2013, la poblaci\u00f3n consultada\nse\u00f1ala que el costo es exorbitante para un refugiado,\nprincipalmente en aquellos casos en d\u00f3nde hay m\u00e1s de un\nadulto en el grupo familiar. A manera de ejemplo, una familia\n\n\n\ncompuesta por dos adultos, estar\u00eda sujeta a pagar USD 65.00\nd\u00f3lares cada uno por el carn\u00e9 de residente permanente que\notorga el Tribunal Electoral de Panam\u00e1, m\u00e1s USD 100.00 d\u00f3lares\ncada uno por el permiso de trabajo indefinido lo que lleva a que\nsolo un adulto del grupo familiar, normalmente el esposo, inicie\nel tr\u00e1mite de residencia. Con una mirada al futuro, podr\u00eda ser\nnecesaria una adecuaci\u00f3n de los procesos de naturalizaci\u00f3n\npara la situaci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas.\n\n\nEn general, la provincia del Dari\u00e9n alberga a dos perfiles de\nrefugiados: refugiados reconocidos y poblaci\u00f3n ex-PTH.\n\n\nEn el caso de los refugiados reconocidos que pueden aplicar\na la Ley 74 de 2013, la situaci\u00f3n de renovaci\u00f3n y entrega de la\ndocumentaci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s complicada para aquellos refugiados que\nviven en comunidades aleda\u00f1as al Rio Tuira debido a la lejan\u00eda de\nlas comunidades, las dificultades y costos del transporte a Ciudad\nde Panam\u00e1 donde solo se puede hacer los tramites.\n\n\nDe acuerdo a estad\u00edsticas del ACNUR, existen 139 personas\nrefugiadas en Dari\u00e9n, que en principio podr\u00edan aplicar a la\nresidencia permanente pero a las que se le dificulta iniciar su\ntr\u00e1mite ya se por la lejan\u00eda de las comunidades, los altos costos de\ntransporte y gastos administrativos (costos de los carn\u00e9s) que no\npueden de forma realista cubrir.\n\n\nImplementar una coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional similar a\nla Ley 81 de 2011, cuando se organiz\u00f3 conjuntamente con todas\nlas organizaciones involucradas un plan de trabajos con fases\ny t\u00e9rminos de implementaci\u00f3n, facilitar\u00eda a los refugiados en\ncomunidades rurales aplicar a la residencia permanente poniendo\nfin a una de sus principales preocupaciones: la renovaci\u00f3n constante\nde sus documentos como refugiados (renovaci\u00f3n anual.)\n\n\n###### **Acceso a oportunidades de empleo,**\n#### servicios bancarios y educaci\u00f3n como v\u00edas de autosuficiencia\n\nINTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nen la actualidad son varios los actores \u2013tanto de Estado como de\nsociedad civil \u2013 que sugieren emular buenas pr\u00e1cticas legislativas\nde pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n que brindan un permiso de trabajo\nprovisional a los solicitantes. Desde el enfoque de integraci\u00f3n\nlocal, el proceso de integraci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mico ser\u00eda m\u00e1s efectivo si la\npersonas comenzar\u00e1 a trabajar desde el inicio de su proceso ante la\nONPAR. Tomando en cuenta que el 87% de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada\nvive en zonas urbanas (Panam\u00e1, San Miguelito y Panam\u00e1 Oeste)\nsu integraci\u00f3n tiene mayores esperanzas en comparaci\u00f3n con la\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada en comunidades fronterizas de la Provincia\nde Dari\u00e9n.\n\n\n\n\n\nLa Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 establece las cl\u00e1usulas correspondientes\na un empleo remunerado, trabajo por cuenta propia y profesiones\nliberales que deben ser aplicadas a las personas refugiadas. De\nigual manera, establece art\u00edculos relacionados al derecho de\nlas personas refugiada a acceder a la educaci\u00f3n. M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la\nConvenci\u00f3n de 1951, existe un cuerpo de instrumentos de\nderecho internacional y regional que pueden ser aplicados a la\nprotecci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y que garantizan derechos.\n\n\nEn cuanto a las oportunidades de empleo, s\u00f3lo los refugiados\nreconocidos tienen derecho a un permiso de trabajo, renovable\ncada a\u00f1o de acuerdo a la legislaci\u00f3n de refugiados. Sin embargo,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDiagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCESO AL TRABAJO\n\n\nEl permiso de trabajo tiene dos aspectos que preocupan a\nlas personas refugiadas. Primero, el largo periodo que toma\nla renovaci\u00f3n del documento (hasta seis meses). Durante\neste tiempo de espera, ellos est\u00e1n expuestos a explotaci\u00f3n\nlaboral o pueden ser despedidos o hasta multados por no\ncontar con documentaci\u00f3n vigente.\n\n\nSegundo, el t\u00e9rmino \u201crefugiado\u201d impreso en los carn\u00e9s\npuede ser visto de manera negativa por algunos empleadores,\nya que desconocen sobre la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Una\nsituaci\u00f3n que tambi\u00e9n afecta a los refugiados reconocidos\nque han iniciado su tr\u00e1mite de residencia permanente\na trav\u00e9s de la Ley 74 del 2013 y es que los permisos de\ntrabajo expedidos a trav\u00e9s de esta Ley especial tambi\u00e9n son\nexpedidos con el t\u00e9rmino \u201crefugiado\u201d.\n\n\nPor otro lado, los solicitantes pueden permanecer\nun promedio de uno a dos a\u00f1os en espera de su\nreconocimiento, y en ese lapso no cuentan con permiso\nde trabajo. En este sentido, los solicitantes se\u00f1alan que\nno pueden quedarse de manos cruzadas y buscan trabajos\ninformales en los cuales pueden ser v\u00edctimas de abuso y\nexplotaci\u00f3n laboral (jornadas de 12 horas, bajos salarios,\netc.) alejados de las prestaciones de seguridad social, sin\nacceso a cr\u00e9dito o expuestos a extorsiones y/o decomiso de\nmercader\u00edas, herramientas o implementos necesarios para\nsus actividades productivas.\n\n\n\ny solicitantes tienen acceso limitado o nulo a programas de\ncapacitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica o desarrollo empresarial, como aquellos\nque ofrece la AMPYME o el INADEH dificult\u00e1ndose el acceso\na oportunidades educativas que podr\u00edan facilitar el desarrollo\nde proyectos productivos o la b\u00fasqueda de un medio\nde vida estable.\n\n\nEn Darien, en cambio las dificultades para acceder al\ntrabajo est\u00e1n relacionadas con las limitaciones propias del\ncontexto rural en el que viven entendi\u00e9ndose que la mayor\u00eda de\nla poblaci\u00f3n se dedica a la agricultura de supervivencia. Sin\nembargo, es importante mencionar que existe una serie de\nobst\u00e1culos que dificultan a\u00fan m\u00e1s la generaci\u00f3n de ingresos\nprincipalmente: a) los obst\u00e1culos para formalizar la propiedad\nde tierras, b) los altos costos de los permisos de pesca y\nlicencias mar\u00edtimas con precios exorbitantes para la poblaci\u00f3n\nde Dari\u00e9n, c) en ocasiones la falta de documentos de identidad\nque les limita su movimiento en la provincia, d) y hasta cierto\npunto los estrictos controles de seguridad en la Provincia\nlo que ha afectado el comercio binacional entre Colombia y\nPanam\u00e1 y el mercado local limitando a\u00fan m\u00e1s las opciones\nde trabajo.\n\n\nRefugiados con necesidades especiales, enfermedades\ncr\u00f3nicas o adultos mayores, tampoco cuentan con opciones\nrealistas para la generaci\u00f3n de ingresos en Dari\u00e9n, ya que\nestas se limitan a la agricultura y la pesca por lo que terminan\ndependiendo de la generosidad del resto de la comunidad,\nespecialmente si no cuentan con familiares. Una situaci\u00f3n que\nafecta tanto a poblaci\u00f3n refugiada como paname\u00f1a.\n\n\n###### **Acceso a vivienda, educaci\u00f3n,**\n## percepci\u00f3n de discriminaci\u00f3n y bienestar\n\nINTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\ncamino largo donde se espera obtener protecci\u00f3n y poner fin\nal ciclo de desplazamiento al que se ve expuesta la\npersona siendo una de las \u201csoluciones duraderas\u201d lograr la\nintegraci\u00f3n local del refugiado en el pa\u00eds de asilo donde se le\nha reconocido. Para el ACNUR esta integraci\u00f3n debe ser un\nproceso integral que abarque la integraci\u00f3n legal, econ\u00f3mica\ny socialcultural.\n\n\nEn esta l\u00ednea, el presente cap\u00edtulo pretende mostrar la\nsituaci\u00f3n de los refugiados en relaci\u00f3n a su integraci\u00f3n\nsociocultural en Panam\u00e1, abarcando temas como su acceso a\nla vivienda, a derechos como la educaci\u00f3n, seguridad y justicia.\n\n\nparamilitares y en el caso de las mujeres como trabajadoras sexuales.\n\n\nEn el contexto laboral la discriminaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n\npuede afectar sus oportunidades de empleo debido al\ndesconocimiento generalizado sobre la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\ny la creencia de que \u201cel extranjero quita el trabajo a los\nnacionales\u201d. La b\u00fasqueda de soluciones duraderas mediante la\nsuperaci\u00f3n de las dificultades de integraci\u00f3n y la lucha contra\nla discriminaci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas sigue siendo uno\nde los principales retos para el ACNUR y sus socios.\n\n\n\n\n\nque son pocos los bancos que tienen conocimiento sobre el\nestatuto legal de refugiado, circunstancia que afecta de manera\nnegativa la posibilidad de abrir una cuenta bancaria o solicitar\nun pr\u00e9stamo necesario para acceder a vivienda propia o a otro\ntipo de bienes. Incluso, en el d\u00eda a d\u00eda, los refugiados indican\nque su identificaci\u00f3n como refugiado no les facilita ni siquiera\nel cambiar un cheque.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s se\u00f1alan que la posibilidad de abrir una cuenta\nqueda en muchas ocasiones a discreci\u00f3n de la persona que los\nrecibe en el Banco o de la posibilidad de aportar la numerosa\ndocumentaci\u00f3n que le exigen, mucha de ella del pa\u00eds de origen\n\n\n\nProducto de coordinaciones de la ONPAR, durante el 2014 la\nSuperintendencia de Bancos de Panam\u00e1 emiti\u00f3 una resoluci\u00f3n\ndonde reconoce la legitimidad de la documentaci\u00f3n de los\nrefugiados reconocidos y coloca a la ONPAR como agente de\nreferencia bancaria para ellos. No obstante, esta resoluci\u00f3n no\nes ampliamente conocida por los bancos, ni por los usuarios,\nd\u00e1ndose constantemente situaciones de discrecionalidad que\nlimitan la apertura de cuentas bancarias.\n\n\nM\u00e1s precaria a\u00fan es la situaci\u00f3n de los solicitantes de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado que durante el tiempo de espera no\nlogran abrir una cuenta.\n\n\n\nCuando una persona huye de su pa\u00eds de origen a causa de\npersecuci\u00f3n y cruza una frontera internacional esperando\nencontrar protecci\u00f3n, inicia un largo y dif\u00edcil camino\nen b\u00fasqueda de una vida de paz y dignidad. La falta de\nconocimiento sobre la condici\u00f3n de refugiado y lo que \u00e9sta\nimplica, afecta negativamente la vida de estas personas en\ntodas las etapas del ciclo de protecci\u00f3n, es decir, desde el\nmomento en que ingresan a un pa\u00eds y solicitan la protecci\u00f3n,\na lo largo del proceso de reconocimiento por parte del Estado\ny aun cuando finalmente obtienen el estatus formal como\nrefugiado reconocido.\n\n\nEl reconocimiento como refugiado es el primer paso de un\n\n\nDISCRIMINACI\u00d3N Y ESTIGMATIZACI\u00d3N\n\n\nEn la consulta hecha las personas refugiadas y solicitantes\nde asilo en Ciudad de Panam\u00e1 destacaron un alto nivel de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n que se manifiesta en diferentes contextos\ncomo las escuelas, los centros de salud y los centros de polic\u00eda,\nentre otros.\n\n\nEn general, los prejuicios relacionados con la nacionalidad\ncolombiana hacen que muchos refugiados sufran una doble\nestigmatizaci\u00f3n no solo por ser refugiados sino tambi\u00e9n por ser\ncolombianos y ser tildados como narcotraficantes, guerrilleros,\n\n\n\n20 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dirigida a su persona, su familia o su comunidad.\n\nDe igual manera los j\u00f3venes manifestaron la necesidad de\ncontar con mayor informaci\u00f3n sobre los centros especializados\nen planificaci\u00f3n familiar, salud sexual y salud reproductiva\nconsiderando que hay poca informaci\u00f3n al respecto.\n\n\nSeg\u00fan la poblaci\u00f3n consultada, los altos costos de los\nmedicamentos y las dificultades para acceder a servicios\nespecializados de salud, especialmente para personas con\nenfermedades cr\u00f3nicas, han llevado a algunos refugiados a\nsolicitar permisos especiales para regresar a sus pa\u00edses de\norigen con el objetivo de atenderse medicamente en estos, una\nsituaci\u00f3n que podr\u00eda significar un riesgo para su seguridad.\n\n\nEn Dari\u00e9n, la situaci\u00f3n es a\u00fan m\u00e1s complicada, debido a\nlos problemas estructurales que enfrentan las comunidades.\nSiendo algunas de las dificultades reportadas por la poblaci\u00f3n:\nla falta de acceso a servicios de salud especializados, la\nfalta de personal en los centros de salud comunitarios y el\n\n\n\n\n\nSALUD Y SEGURIDAD SOCIAL\n\n\nEl general, la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado en Ciudad de Panam\u00e1 report\u00f3 tener\nacceso al sistema nacional de salud, sobre todo en los centros\nde salud comunitarios para la obtenci\u00f3n de servicios de primer\nnivel. Mientras que para consultas especializadas, reportaron\nrecibir atenci\u00f3n en el Hospital Santo Tomas, y en la Caja del\nSeguro Social, en el caso de ser cotizantes.\n\n\nAunque la poblaci\u00f3n no report\u00f3 tener dificultades para\nacceder a los servicios de salud estatales, si mencionaron\nsentirse discriminados a la hora de recibir la atenci\u00f3n. La falta\nde conocimiento y el estigma ligado al estatus de refugiado\npuede, en ocasiones, afectar el acceso efectivo a servicios\nb\u00e1sicos incluyendo la salud, donde la calidad del servicio o la\ncalidez de \u00e9ste se ve afectada por el desconocimiento sobre la\ncondici\u00f3n y, en algunos casos, por la nacionalidad del paciente.\n\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante de asilo tambi\u00e9n report\u00f3\ntener dificultades para acceder a servicios especializados,\nespecialmente los relacionados a salud mental. Este servicio\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCESO A LA VIVIENDA Y A LA TIERRA\n\n\nLa falta de acceso al sistema bancario y las dificultades\npara obtener y mantener un trabajo estable, conlleva una serie\nconsecuencias para la integraci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y\nsolicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en Panam\u00e1, afectando\nentre otras cosas, su acceso a una vivienda digna, estable y con\ngarant\u00edas legales que los protejan de desalojos abusivos.\n\n\nLa dificultad de los refugiados y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado para acceder a una vivienda var\u00eda dependiendo\nde la condici\u00f3n o la etapa en el proceso en el que se encuentre,\nrecordando que un solicitante, a diferencia de un refugiado\nreconocido, no tiene derecho a un permiso de trabajo\nobstaculizando su generaci\u00f3n de ingresos.\n\n\nOtros estudios como el realizado por el Consejo Noruego\npara Refugiados llamado \u201cDerecho a vivienda, tierra y\npropiedad de mujeres desplazadas: Caso Panam\u00e1\u201d identifican\notras dificultades al momento de buscar una vivienda siendo\nla discriminaci\u00f3n uno de los principales problemas a los que\nse expone la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante, d\u00e1ndose casos\ndonde se niega el arriendo de un cuarto o una casa porque son\nextranjeros, especialmente si son colombianos.\n\n\nTodos estos aspectos hacen que muchos, especialmente los\nsolicitantes, tengan que optar por viviendas\n\n\n\nen barriadas lejanas a la Ciudad de Panam\u00e1, con problemas\nde inseguridad y con acceso limitado a servicios p\u00fablicos.\nCon frecuencia las personas solicitantes que arriendan se ven\nexpuestas ante el incumplimiento de los contratos por parte\nde sus arrendatarios, as\u00ed como a desalojos arbitrarios en los\nque suele mediar la intimidaci\u00f3n dado su \u201cestatus migratorio\u201d.\n\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en la Provincia de Dari\u00e9n tambi\u00e9n\nidentific\u00f3 el acceso a tierras como una de sus principales\npreocupaciones ya que afecta de manera directa la generaci\u00f3n\nde ingresos y su seguridad alimentaria al ser una poblaci\u00f3n,\nen su mayor\u00eda, dedicada a la agricultura de supervivencia.\n\n\nEn este sentido la poblaci\u00f3n expuso no tener acceso al\nderecho posesorio o a la propiedad directa de parcelas, ya que\nse encuentran dentro de tierras comarcales o desconocen los\nprocedimientos para formalizar la propiedad de estas tierras,\nsiendo su \u00fanica opci\u00f3n el alquiler de parcelas peque\u00f1as para\nel cultivo.\n\n\nEsta situaci\u00f3n los expone a casos de abuso por parte de los\npropietarios de las tierras, los cuales en algunas ocasiones se\nhan aprovechado de su poder qued\u00e1ndose con parte o toda\nla cosecha.\n\n\n\nSEGURIDAD CIUDADANA Y ACCESO A LA JUSTICIA\n\n\nLa seguridad, en particular en relaci\u00f3n con las autoridades,\nha sido identificada por los refugiados y solicitantes como uno\nde los retos principales. El desconocimiento de las autoridades\nsobre los derechos de las personas refugiadas y solicitantes,\naunado al desconocimiento generalizado sobre documentos\nde identidad expedidos por el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n\ny la ONPAR respectivamente, conduce a episodios de abuso\npor parte de las distintas entidades de seguridad.\n\n\nEl temor a la deportaci\u00f3n o la interrupci\u00f3n del proceso\nde solicitud de asilo en Panam\u00e1 hace que las personas se\nsientan d\u00e9biles y se abstengan de denunciar los casos de\nabuso, aumentando los riesgos de detenci\u00f3n arbitraria en los\nalbergues migratorios y, en algunas situaciones, los casos de\nextorsi\u00f3n para evitar la detenci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEL PROCESO DE PAZ EN COLOMBIA Y LA LEY DE V\u00cdCTIMAS Y RESTITUCI\u00d3N DE TIERRAS\n\n\nEn el 2011 el Gobierno de Colombia promulgo la Ley 1448\npor la cual se dictan medidas de atenci\u00f3n, asistencia y reparaci\u00f3n integral a las v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado interno de\nColombia. Dicha Ley reconoce la posibilidad de obtener cierta\nreparaci\u00f3n material y en algunos casos la restituci\u00f3n de sus\ntierras perdidas a raz\u00f3n del conflicto, de los nacionales colombianos que sufrieron violaciones y da\u00f1os como consecuencia\ndel conflicto armado. Esta reparaci\u00f3n podr\u00e1 ser solicitada tanto por las v\u00edctimas del conflicto que se quedaron en Colombia,\ncomo por los colombianos que residan en otros pa\u00edses, siempre y cuando cumplan con los requisitos establecidos por la\nLey 1448.\n\nLa remuneraci\u00f3n obtenida a trav\u00e9s de esta Ley, es un\nderecho de las v\u00edctimas del conflicto a los que podr\u00eda\nacceder poblaci\u00f3n solicitante y refugiada en Panam\u00e1. No\nobstante, la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante manifest\u00f3 en\n\n\n\n\n\nEn las comunidades de Dari\u00e9n, en cambio, las personas\nidentificaron el uso de estupefacientes y el consumo del\nalcohol como una de las principales causas de violencia en las\ncomunidades, aunado a la falta de programas de prevenci\u00f3n\ndirigidos a j\u00f3venes.\n\n\nA esto tambi\u00e9n se le suma la situaci\u00f3n de seguridad que\nvive la regi\u00f3n de Dari\u00e9n y la comunidad de Puerto Obald\u00eda,\ndonde el control fronterizo y de movilizaci\u00f3n interna entre las\ncomunidades es muy estricto, produci\u00e9ndose enfrentamientos\nentre las entidades de seguridad y la poblaci\u00f3n. No obstante, a\npesar de que se han reportado casos de abusos, gran parte de la\npoblaci\u00f3n ex-PTH, ahora residente permanente, considera que la\nrelaci\u00f3n con las autoridades ha mejorado de manera considerable\ndespu\u00e9s de su regularizaci\u00f3n como residentes permanente.\n\n\nlas convocatorias del diagn\u00f3stico un gran desconcierto y\ndesinformaci\u00f3n sobre la Ley 1448 y el procedimiento para\nacceder a \u00e9sta, particularmente en Dari\u00e9n donde no hay\noficinas consulares de Colombia.\n\n\nPor otra parte, en comunidades rurales donde si hay\npresencia consular colombiana, como Puerto Obald\u00eda, el\nregistro ha sido lento debido al desconocimiento del proceso,\nel perfil de las personas que pueden ser reparadas y por\ntemor a que el proceso pueda exponerles a ser identificados y\nlocalizados por sus agentes persecutores.\n\n\nLa falta de acceso a servicios bancarios en Panam\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n\ndificulta el proceso de indemnizaci\u00f3n llevado a cabo por Colombia ya que solo se procede con la indemnizaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s\nde transferencias bancarias.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Fortalecimiento institucional de ONPAR y capacitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica a\nmiembros de la Comisi\u00f3n de Elegibilidad y personal de\nONPAR.\n\n\n_El actual panorama de asilo y las tendencias de la regi\u00f3n_\n_sugieren que la ONPAR debe ser fortalecida a nivel de recursos,_\n_particularmente el personal jur\u00eddico encargado de analizar_\n_las solicitudes de asilo. Una versi\u00f3n robustecida de ONPAR_\n_agilizar\u00eda la implementaci\u00f3n de medidas para la gesti\u00f3n de casos_\n_y distintas intervenciones de los solicitantes o refugiados ante la_\n_instituci\u00f3n. El fortalecimiento institucional de ONPAR incluye_\n_la elaboraci\u00f3n de protocolos internos que respondan a los vac\u00edos_\n_de protecci\u00f3n y obst\u00e1culos que dificultan la atenci\u00f3n eficaz_\n_de la poblaci\u00f3n ya sea en el inicio del procedimiento de asilo_\n\n_o consecuentes tr\u00e1mites administrativos como la renovaci\u00f3n_\n_de documentos, elaboraci\u00f3n de certificaciones, entre otros. La_\n_adecuaci\u00f3n de estos procedimientos tambi\u00e9n debe tomar en_\n_cuenta las necesidades especiales de la poblaci\u00f3n basados en un_\n_enfoque diferencial de g\u00e9nero, edad y diversidad._\n\n\n5. Elaboraci\u00f3n de procesos legales que permitan la expedici\u00f3n de\npermisos de trabajo provisionales para solicitantes de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado y adecuaci\u00f3n de los actuales permisos\npara refugiados reconocidos con el fin de disminuir los\ncasos de discriminaci\u00f3n y abuso relacionados a su condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado.\n\n\n_El uso de c\u00f3digos para identificar los documentos de identidad_\n_de los refugiados es considerado una buena pr\u00e1ctica a nivel_\n_mundial que podr\u00eda ser adoptada en Panam\u00e1 con el fin de_\n_disminuir los casos de discriminaci\u00f3n generados por el uso_\n_del t\u00e9rmino \u201crefugiado\u201d en los documentos de identidad y_\n_permisos de trabajo. No obstante, es importante fortalecer estas_\n_medidas a trav\u00e9s de programas de sensibilizaci\u00f3n dirigidos_\n_al p\u00fablico general._\n\n\n6. Procurar la inserci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas en las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas,\nprogramas y planes sociales del Estado, sin distinci\u00f3n a su\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiados reconociendo sus vulnerabilidades y\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n especiales.\n\n\n_Panam\u00e1 dio un importante paso al incluir un eje tem\u00e1tico_\n_sobre mujeres refugiadas en la \u201cPol\u00edtica P\u00fablica de Igualdad_\n_de Oportunidades para las Mujeres (PPIOM)\u201d, impulsado_\n_por el INAMU en el 2012, involucrando de esta manera_\n\n\n\n\n\nSITUACI\u00d3N ESPECIAL DE LAS MUJERES Y NI\u00d1AS REFUGIADAS Y SOLICITANTES DE LA CONDICI\u00d3N DE REFUGIADA\n\n\n\nLas mujeres refugiadas, como los hombres, est\u00e1n expuestas\na los distintos riesgos de protecci\u00f3n descritos a lo largo del\ndiagn\u00f3stico. No obstante, estas pueden sufrir de manera\ndiferente dichos riesgos, adem\u00e1s de sufrir otros muy espec\u00edficos\na su g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nLas mujeres refugiadas y solicitantes, principalmente en\nCiudad de Panam\u00e1, identificaron la discriminaci\u00f3n como el\nprincipal riesgo de protecci\u00f3n al que se enfrentan, en especial\nsi son mujeres colombianas. Esta discriminaci\u00f3n se manifiesta\nde distintas maneras, afectando tanto la b\u00fasqueda de trabajo,\ncomo el trato que pueden recibir a la hora de acceder a\nservicios p\u00fablicos.\n\n\nDurante la b\u00fasqueda de empleo, las mujeres est\u00e1n expuestas\na falsas promesas de trabajo que se convierten en situaciones\npeligrosas, sobre todo cuando buscan trabajo en internet para\npuestos laborales relacionados a la hoteler\u00eda y el servicio dom\u00e9stico.\n\n\nSon v\u00edctimas de violencia f\u00edsica y verbal, incluyendo\nsituaciones de abuso, donde se ven involucrados entidades\nde seguridad que las etiquetan inmediatamente como\ntrabajadoras sexuales y las exponen a situaciones de extorsi\u00f3n,\npago de \u201ccoimas\u201d o incluso insinuaciones sexuales. En general,\nlas mujeres reportaron no sentirse protegidas cuando son\ndetenidas por los agentes policiales y sienten temor de ser\nabordadas por la polic\u00eda en la calle.\n\n\nLas solicitantes de asilo y refugiadas tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n expuestas\na violencia verbal y emocional durante sus jornadas de trabajo,\ny a situaciones de violencia de g\u00e9nero incluyendo violencia\nintrafamiliar y violencia sexual. Frente a estos tipos de abusos,\nlas mujeres reportaron no sentirse apoyadas, identificando\nla falta de protocolos de atenci\u00f3n para v\u00edctimas de violencia\nsexual como uno de los grandes vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n en\nCiudad de Panam\u00e1.\n\n\n\u00c9stas no cuentan con los conocimientos o los medios para\nresponder a estos tipos de violencia y destacan dificultades\n\n\n\na la hora de presentar las denuncias correspondiente,\nsiendo una de las m\u00e1s relevantes la falta de sensibilizaci\u00f3n\nde las autoridades, que no toman en serio las denuncias,\nle atribuyen la culpa a la v\u00edctima o no saben c\u00f3mo\nresponder a estos casos, re victimizando a la v\u00edctima.\n\n\nLa falta de medios econ\u00f3micos y de programas de asistencia\nlegal tambi\u00e9n significa que los casos, por lo general, queden\ninconclusos sin condenas.\n\n\nEn el caso de Dari\u00e9n las mujeres refugiadas y ex-PTH\nidentificaron la violencia intrafamiliar como uno de los\nproblemas m\u00e1s comunes en las comunidades. La respuesta\nbrindada a estos casos var\u00eda seg\u00fan la comunidad, report\u00e1ndose\ncasos donde las autoridades locales, como SENAFRONT y la\ncorregidur\u00eda, respond\u00edan correctamente y en otras desconoc\u00edan\nlos procedimientos legales y medidas de protecci\u00f3n relevantes.\n\n\nEn todas las comunidades se report\u00f3 una falta de acci\u00f3n de\nlas autoridades judiciales y el Ministerio Publico, considerando\nque la gran mayor\u00eda de estos casos se quedan sin respuestas\njudiciales debido a la falta de presencia de estas instituciones, la\nlejan\u00eda de las comunidades y los altos costos que representar\u00eda\npara la victima/sobreviviente dar seguimiento a su caso en las\nrepresentaciones locales del Ministerio Publico y juzgados.\n\n\nA esto se le suma la falta de conocimiento que tiene la\npoblaci\u00f3n en Dari\u00e9n, tanto refugiados como paname\u00f1os,\nsobre sus opciones de protecci\u00f3n fuera de la comunidad:\ncomo podr\u00edan ser los albergues para victimas/sobrevivientes\nde violencia domestica que maneja el Instituto Nacional de la\nMujer (INAMU) o las opciones de protecci\u00f3n que brinda la\nSecretaria Nacional de la Ni\u00f1ez, la Adolescencia y la Familia\n(SENNIAF) para los casos en que son v\u00edctimas ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes.\n\n\nLas mujeres entrevistadas identificaron el machismo y el\nalto consumo de alcohol como las principales causas de los\naltos niveles de violencia intrafamiliar en las comunidades\nde Dari\u00e9n.\n\n\n###### **Conclusiones**\n### y recomendaciones\n\nPara promover un proceso de dise\u00f1o de programas que\nresponda a los vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n y riesgos identificados\npor los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo, se recomiendan\nuna serie de medidas para mejorar el proceso legal (1-4), la\nintegraci\u00f3n local (5-8) y acciones para visibilizar la situaci\u00f3n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada como respuesta directa a la\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y xenofobia sufrida (9-10).\n\n\n1. Garantizar el acceso al derecho de asilo y el respeto a los principios\nde protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n_Se sugiere la elaboraci\u00f3n de protocolos de referencia de casos_\n_entre las autoridades receptoras primarias y la ONPAR para_\n_asegurar el acceso al territorio y al procedimiento, reducir_\n_el riesgo de devoluci\u00f3n al pa\u00eds de origen (refoulement) y la_\n_adecuada atenci\u00f3n a casos con necesidades especiales as\u00ed como_\n_tambi\u00e9n la protecci\u00f3n internacional de ni\u00f1os no acompa\u00f1ados_\n\n_o separados solicitantes. Esto incluye la implementaci\u00f3n de_\n_los acuerdos alcanzados en la Conferencia Regional sobre_\n_Migraci\u00f3n (CRM) relativos a la identificaci\u00f3n y referencia de_\n_perfiles dentro de los movimientos migratorios mixtos._\n\n\n_En el 2014 ONPAR inicio un proceso para fortalecer esta_\n_coordinaci\u00f3n desarrollando un Acuerdo de entendimiento entre_\n_la ONPAR, SENAFRONT, el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n_\n_y la SENNIAF. No obstante este acuerdo debe ser fortalecido_\n_con la elaboraci\u00f3n de protocolos que definan claramente_\n_los procedimientos de identificaci\u00f3n, respuesta y referencia_\n_a estos casos._\n\n\n2. Reforma legal para adecuar las normas aplicables al\nprocedimiento de asilo nacional con los est\u00e1ndares\ninternacionales.\n\n\n_Entre otras cosas, esto incluye la adecuaci\u00f3n de la definici\u00f3n de_\n_refugiado tomando en cuenta la Declaraci\u00f3n y Plan de Acci\u00f3n_\n_de Brasilia para continuar avanzando en la aplicaci\u00f3n de la_\n_definici\u00f3n regional ampliada de refugiado, respondiendo as\u00ed a_\n_las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional en la Regi\u00f3n._\n\n\n3. Garantizar un procedimiento de asilo justo y eficiente, que incorpore\nel debido proceso y tome en cuenta factores como la edad, el\ng\u00e9nero y la diversidad, incluyendo la utilizaci\u00f3n de int\u00e9rpretes\ncalificados y la adecuaci\u00f3n de procedimientos especiales para\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n\n\n26 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_otras instituciones estatales en la protecci\u00f3n y b\u00fasqueda de_\n_integraci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en el Pa\u00eds. La inclusi\u00f3n_\n_del tema \u201cRefugiados\u201d en Pol\u00edticas Publicas, planes, estudios_\n_y programas estatales ayuda a visibilizar la tem\u00e1tica frente_\n_a otras instituciones estatales que com\u00fanmente no se ven tan_\n_involucradas en la protecci\u00f3n legal de los refugiados, como_\n_si est\u00e1n la ONPAR, el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n y_\n_SENAFRONT, lo que podr\u00eda facilitar el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n_\n_refugiada y solicitante a otros servicios estatales a la vez que_\n_reconoce de manera expl\u00edcita las vulnerabilidades asociadas_\n_a esta condici\u00f3n._\n\n\n_De igual manera es importante promover el acceso de los_\n_refugiados y solicitantes a los programas de asistencia estatales a_\n_trav\u00e9s de la creaci\u00f3n de conciencia y promoci\u00f3n, incluyendo los_\n_programas de protecci\u00f3n desarrollados por el Instituto Nacional_\n_de la Mujer (INAMU), la Secretaria Nacional de la Ni\u00f1ez, la_\n_Familia y la Adolescencia (SENNIAF), entre otros programas_\n_sociales como los desarrollados por el Ministerio de Vivienda_\n_para el acceso a una vivienda digna._\n\n\n7. Garantizar medidas de recuperaci\u00f3n psicosocial como proceso de\nacompa\u00f1amiento a las personas que han sido v\u00edctimas\nde violencia.\n\n\n8. Desarrollo de procedimientos operativos est\u00e1ndar para la prevenci\u00f3n\ny respuesta interinstitucional de casos de violencia de g\u00e9nero,\nviolencia sexual y violencia dom\u00e9stica.\n\n\n_El desarrollo de programas de atenci\u00f3n para personas con_\n_necesidades especiales en ONPAR al igual que la coordinaci\u00f3n_\n_y referencia de casos a otros programas estatales especializados_\n_en el trabajo psicosocial podr\u00eda ayudar a mejor la atenci\u00f3n de_\n_refugiados y solicitantes victimas/sobrevivientes de situaciones de_\n_violencia extrema y tortura. La reorientaci\u00f3n del Departamento_\n_de Trabajo Social y Psicolog\u00eda de la ONPAR es fundamental_\n_para lograr el desarrollo de estos espacios de coordinaci\u00f3n y_\n_atenci\u00f3n integral para la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en Panam\u00e1._\n\n\n9. Desarrollo de una campa\u00f1a nacional de sensibilizaci\u00f3n y concienciaci\u00f3n\nsobre los derechos y deberes de los refugiados, dirigida a\ninstituciones p\u00fablicas, privadas, medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y\np\u00fablico general.\n\n\n28 Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo 2014-2015\n\n\n\n10. Elaborar programas de sensibilizaci\u00f3n permanentes a trav\u00e9s de la\ninclusi\u00f3n del tema dentro de los programas de capacitaci\u00f3n\ndirigidos a autoridades receptoras primarias como el Servicio\nNacional de Migraci\u00f3n (SNM), el Servicio Nacional de\nFronteras (SENAFRONT) y la Polic\u00eda Nacional.\n\n\n_Mucho de los riesgos identificados en losl Diagn\u00f3sticos_\n_Participativos, tanto los anteriores como el actual, est\u00e1n_\n_relacionados a la falta de conocimiento por parte de las_\n_autoridades y del p\u00fablico en general sobre la condici\u00f3n de_\n_refugiado y la discriminaci\u00f3n relacionada a su nacionalidad,_\n_una situaci\u00f3n que puede afectar el trato que reciben los refugiados_\n_y solicitantes en instituciones p\u00fablicas, empresas privadas o_\n_del p\u00fablico en general, con impacto directo en la integraci\u00f3n_\n_de estas personas. Aunque en pasados a\u00f1os se han realizado_\n_programas de sensibilizaci\u00f3n dirigidos a instituciones p\u00fablicas_\n_como el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n y SENAFRONT estas_\n_son actividades puntuales que necesitan ser fortalecidas con_\n_campa\u00f1as nacionales. La falta de campa\u00f1as y un programa_\n_nacional de sensibilizaci\u00f3n se mantienen como respuestas_\n_pendientes de otros diagn\u00f3sticos participativos._\n\n\n_La necesidad de contar con campa\u00f1as de sensibilizaci\u00f3n_\n_tambi\u00e9n ha sido reconocida en documentos estatales como_\n_la \u201cPol\u00edtica P\u00fablica de Igualdad de Oportunidades para_\n_las Mujeres (PPIOM)\u201d la cual establece en su Eje Tem\u00e1tico:_\n_Migraci\u00f3n, trata, refugiadas y privadas de libertad la necesidad_\n_de desarrollar campa\u00f1as de sensibilizaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n a_\n_p\u00fablico general e implementar programas de sensibilizaci\u00f3n_\n_y supervisi\u00f3n dirigidos al funcionariado p\u00fablico relacionado_\n_a sus tr\u00e1mites._\n\n\n_La \u201cPol\u00edtica P\u00fablica de Igualdad de Oportunidades para las_\n_Mujeres (PPIOM)\u201d tambi\u00e9n reconoce la necesidad impulsar_\n_acciones de sensibilizaci\u00f3n y cambio de actitudes mis\u00f3ginas y_\n_discriminatorias para evitar la estigmatizaci\u00f3n y rechazo de las_\n_mujeres refugiadas y reconoce tambi\u00e9n la necesidad de establecer_\n_programas para la integraci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica de \u00e9stas,_\n_entre otros. No obstante, esta herramienta de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica_\n_requiere para su implementaci\u00f3n efectiva una coordinaci\u00f3n_\n_interinstitucional que garantice la inclusi\u00f3n del tema de manera_\n_transversal en todas las instituciones del estado._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/200a6f95-f5ae-3041-b9bb-e7bc96f6206b/10073.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_100/raw/doc_100_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_100/raw/doc_100_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 70fd4be4548948e4000808b530f0189fe828f1c7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_100/raw/doc_100_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,552 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A South Sudanese refugee\u0003** at the Leitchour camp in the\nGambella region of Ethiopia, near the border with South Sudan.\nRefugee camps in the border area were recently flooded by\nheavy rains and storms, leaving mud huts completely covered\nin water. Many refugees had to find temporary shelter in nearby\nvillages. The Leitchuor refugee camp housed over 40,000\nrefugees in October 2014, before disaster hit.\n\n\n**2** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### I Global Trends\n\n_During the first half of_ 2014 _,\u0003 conflict continued to result in the displacement of millions of_\n_refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) globally causing significant changes in the_\n_trends and number of refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs and others of concern to UNHCR. In this_\n_context, management of humanitarian crises is increasingly complex, including with regard to_\n_the production of timely and comprehensive statistics._\n\n\n\nhis report is the\nsecond of its kind,\u0003\n**analyzing displacement**\n**trends within the first half**\n**of** 2014 **. The figures in this**\n\n|T|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n**report were collected from govern-**\n**ments and UNHCR offices around**\n**the world. UNHCR introduced a**\n**new online data collection tool to**\n**enhance the organization\u2019s capacity**\n**to collect and analyse mid-year sta-**\n**tistical data. In addition to improv-**\n**ing the timeliness and comprehen-**\n**siveness of mid-year reporting from**\n**UNHCR offices, the new tool allows**\n**the organization to make the actual**\n**data available publically as well as**\n**in this report.** **[1]**\n\n**Unless otherwise specified, fig-**\n**ures are limited to events occurring**\n**up to** 30 **June** 2014 **. The statistics**\n**included in this report should be**\n**considered provisional and subject**\n**to change, especially in regard to**\n**asylum trends.**\n\n\nGlobal Trends\n**Between January and June** 2014 **,**\n**UNHCR offices reported an esti-**\n**mated** 5.5 **million new forcibly dis-**\n**placed persons either within or out-**\n**side their own country. As a result,**\n**and taking into account reductions**\n**in existing populations due to vol-**\n**untary repatriation, resettlement,**\n**revision of figures and other devel-**\n**opments, the total number of per-**\n\n\n\n**sons of concern to UNHCR by mid-**\n2014 **stood at** 46.3 **million, compared**\n**to** 42.9 **million at the end of** 2013 **.**\n**The total number of refugees\u0003**\n**under UNHCR\u2019s mandate was** 13.0\n**million by mid-year, the highest**\n**since** 1996 **. This is almost** 1.3 **mil-**\n**lion persons more than at the start**\n**of the year (** 11.7 **million) and** 2.1 **mil-**\n**lion more than in June** 2013 **(** 11.1\n**million). During the same period,**\n**the total number of IDPs protected**\n\n\n\n\n\n**http://popstats.unhcr.org/**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The number of asylum-seekers waiting for a decision on their individual\nasylum applications was approaching\nthe 1.3 million mark. **[2]** This constituted\nan increase of more than 100,000 persons since the start of the year and some\n#### II Refugees\n\n\nBy Origin\nAfghanistan has been the largest source\ncountry of refugees for more than three\ndecades, at peak (1990-91) recording\nmore than six million refugees, mostly\nin Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of\nIran. By mid-2014, at more than three\nmillion registered refugees, Syrians had\novertaken Afghans as the largest refugee\npopulation under UNHCR\u2019s mandate, a\nreflection of the continuous conflict and\nviolence in the country. Just two years\nago, the Syrian Arab Republic did not\neven feature among the top 30 source\ncountries of refugees, a turnaround\nclearly demonstrating the rapid deterioration of the situation in that country.\n\nEven though more than 100 coun\n\n**4** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\n290,000 more than 12 months earlier.\nIn contrast, the number of reported\nstateless persons remained relatively\nstable at 3.5 million.\n\nThe first part of 2014 also marked\na shift in both the balance of the main\nsource countries of refugees and their\ngeographic location. The Asia and Pacific\nregion has been the largest source region\nof refugees for more than a decade. In\nview of the steady outflow of Syrian ref\n\ntries around the world reported the presence of Syrian refugees during the first\nhalf of 2014, neighbouring countries\ncontinue to shoulder by and large the\nhighest burden. This includes Lebanon\n(1.1 million), Turkey (798,000), Jordan\n(645,600), Iraq (220,400), and Egypt\n(138,100). During the first half of the\nyear, the net Syrian refugee population\ngrew by more than half a million persons in these five countries alone.\n\nSyrian refugees accounted for nearly a quarter (23%) of all refugees under\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate by the middle of\n2014. Further, Syrian refugees outside\ntheir country represented about 14 per\ncent of the country\u2019s resident population\nat the beginning of the conflict. **[3]**\n\n\n\nugees into neighbouring countries, however, the Middle East and North Africa\nregion is now the main region of origin\nof refugees worldwide. This change has\nhad significant impact on the rankings\nof the largest refugee-hosting and refugee-producing countries. n\n\n\n**2** Refers to persons whose application for asylum or\nrefugee status is pending at any stage in the asylum\nprocedure.\n\n\nWith 2.7 million refugees, Afghans\ndropped to the second largest refugee\ngroup under the UNHCR mandate.\nDespite the voluntary return of about\n10,000 Afghan refugees from Pakistan\nand the Islamic Republic of Iran during\nthe first half of 2014, the global number\nof Afghan refugees increased by about\n135,000 persons. This was mainly\ndue to the Government of the Islamic\nRepublic of Iran revising its estimate\nof Afghan refugees in the country\nfrom 814,000 to 950,000. In addition,\nPakistan hosted some 1.6 million\nAfghan refugees at mid-year.\n\n\n**3** Source for national population: United Nations, Population\nDivision, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision,\nNew York, 2013.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "***** Includes people in a refugee-like situation.\n\n\nSomalis remained the third largest\nrefugee group worldwide with 1.1 million persons by mid-2014, mainly in\nKenya (425,700), Ethiopia (244,300),\nand Yemen (234,800). The overall figure dropped by about 41,000 persons,\nmainly because of the spontaneous return of 10,000 Somalis and a verification exercise conducted among Somali\nrefugees in Kenyan refugee camps.\nWith an estimated 670,300 refugees\nat mid-year, the number of Sudanese\nrefugees remained relatively stable in\nrelation to the start of the year (648,900).\nIn contrast, the outbreak of violence in\nSouth Sudan, which started in December 2013, triggered a major outflow into\nneighbouring countries. The overall\nnumber of South Sudanese refugees\ngrew from 114,500 to 508,600 within\na span of just six months. By the middle of the year, individuals from South\nSudan had found refuge predominantly\nin Ethiopia (208,800), Uganda (141,400),\nSudan (82,000), and Kenya (75,700). As\na result, South Sudan was the fifth largest source country of refugees worldwide.\nWhile estimates for refugees originating from the Democratic Republic\nof the Congo and Myanmar remained\nvirtually unchanged at 493,500 and\n479,700, respectively, the number of\nIraqi refugees grew as conflict and violence unfolded in their country. As such,\nthe number of Iraqi refugees increased\nfrom 401,500 to 426,100 within the\n\n\n\n\n***** Syrian refugee figure is a Government estimate.\n\n****** The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from\nthe Government of China.\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **5**\n\n\n\nfirst six months of the year, turning\nIraq into the eight largest refugee source\ncountry.\n\nThe number of Colombian refugees,\nincluding individuals in a refugee-like\nsituation, remained stable at about\n397,000. In stark contrast, refugees\nfrom the Central African Republic were\nfor the first time ever included among\nthe top 10 source countries of refugees.\nThe outbreak of violence in the Cen\n\n\ntral African Republic in late 2013 triggered the exodus of more than 143,000\npeople into neighbouring countries,\nturning it into one of the most challenging emergencies during the reporting period. Overall, some 381,000\npersons had found refuge by the end\nof the reporting period, including in\nCameroon (205,500), Chad (92,100), the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n(60,600), and the Republic of Congo\n(16,400). This compares to 252,900 at\nthe start of the year. Many of the new\narrivals had already been displaced internally within their country as a result\nof the violence in late 2013.\n\nThe top 10 source countries of refugees combined accounted for 78 per\ncent of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s\nmandate. The top three alone \u2013 the Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan, and\nSomalia \u2013 made up 52 per cent. Half of\nthese 10 countries, it should be noted, are\nin sub-Saharan Africa.\n\n\n\nBy Country of Asylum\nConflict and violence in the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, South Sudan, and the Central\nAfrican Republic, among other countries, significantly affected the rankings\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "verification exercise", - "confidence": 0.9714757800102234, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenyan refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.92560213804245, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5215771794319153, - "start": 135, - "end": 136 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.9162148833274841, - "start": 81, - "end": 83 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rankings", - "confidence": 0.9067321419715881, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syrian Arab\nRepublic", - "confidence": 0.6892556548118591, - "start": 606, - "end": 609 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of the top 10 refugee-hosting countries.\nWhile Pakistan continued to host the\nlargest number of refugees worldwide\n\n - some 1.6 million refugees, virtually all\nfrom Afghanistan \u2013 Lebanon became\nthe second largest host country. With\nan increase of about 325,000 Syrians\nduring the first half of the year, by mid2014 the country\u2019s registered refugee\npopulation passed the 1.1 million mark.\nLebanon has thus moved from being the\n69 [th] largest refugee-hosting country to\nsecond largest within a span of just three\nand a half years.\n\nThe Government of the Islamic\nRepublic of Iran, meanwhile, revised the\nestimated number of Afghan refugees in\nits territory from 814,000 to 950,000.\nTogether with an estimated 32,000\nIraqi refugees and other populations, the\ncountry was the third largest refugeehosting country by mid-year, with an\noverall total of 982,100.\n\nThe Syrian crisis continued to impact on not only Lebanon but also\nTurkey and Jordan. Turkey reported a\ntotal of 824,400 registered refugees at\nmid-year, 97 per cent of them from the\nSyrian Arab Republic. Jordan\u2019s figure\nstood at 736,600 refugees, including\n645,600 Syrians and 89,700 Iraqis. In\nboth cases, figures have increased significantly during the reporting period.\n\nEthiopia was not only the sixth largest refugee-hosting country worldwide\nby mid-year, with a total of 587,700\n\n\n**6** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\nrefugees, but it simultaneously replaced\nKenya as the largest recipient in subSaharan Africa. This shift was due\nlargely to the mass inflow of 159,000\nSouth Sudanese refugees during the\nfirst half of the year.\nWith a total of 537,000 refugees,\nKenya was the second largest host country on the continent by mid-year, including 42,800 refugees who were recognized on a _prima facie_ basis during the\nfirst six months of the year, most of them\n\n\n\nfrom South Sudan. Kenya was followed\nby Chad with 454,900 refugees. The\nrefugee population in Chad has grown\nfrom less than 13,000 refugees in 2001\nto its current high of 454,900.\n\nFighting in both South Sudan and\nthe eastern part of the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo also impacted\nheavily on Uganda. Some 118,000 South\nSudanese were granted _prima facie_ status\nduring the first six months of 2014, as\nwere 13,000 Congolese. By mid-year,\nUganda was the ninth largest host country of refugees worldwide, with 358,500\npersons, its highest level on record.\n\nThe top 10 refugee-hosting countries\ncombined hosted 58 per cent of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate.\n\n\nNew Refugee Arrivals\nMore than 1.4 million persons were\nnewly displaced across international borders during the first half of 2014. The\noverwhelming majority found refuge in\nneighbouring countries or in the immediate region. This figure of 1.4 million refers to refugees who have been recognized\non a _prima facie_ basis as well as those who\nhave been granted temporary protection.\n\nSyrians accounted for roughly\nhalf of these new outflows (704,400).\nMost of the other half originated from\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered refugee\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.6755706667900085, - "start": 62, - "end": 65 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan (393,600), the Central\nAfrican Republic (144,400), and\nPakistan (126,400). **[4]** In addition, some\n146,000 persons were recognized on\nan individual basis, a quarter of them\nSyrians.\n\nThe largest numbers of new refugee\narrivals during the first half of 2014\nwere reported by Lebanon (324,900),\nTurkey (250,300), Ethiopia (177,500),\nUganda (130,900), Afghanistan\n(126,400), Cameroon (111,200), and\nJordan (85,000). Among the top 10\ncountries reporting large numbers of\nnew refugee arrivals, nine are located\neither in the Middle East and North\nAfrica or sub-Saharan Africa.\n\n\nContributions of\nHost Countries\nThese rankings and distributions\nchange significantly when comparing\nthe number of refugees to the population of the host country (though without accounting for national income and\nother economic indicators). This indicator measures the density of a refugee\npopulation relative to the host country\u2019s\nnationals, implying that the higher the\nnumber of refugees per 1,000 inhabitants, the higher the density.\n\n\n\nWith 257 refugees per 1,000 inhabitants, Lebanon remains the country with\nthe highest refugee density at mid-2014.\nJordan (114) and Chad (39) are second and\nthird in these rankings, respectively.\nWith 12 refugees per 1,000 inhabitants,\n\n\n\nwith 404 refugees per 1 USD GDP. Six\nmonths earlier, Ethiopia was second\nin this ranking, a change that clearly\nreflects the mass inflow of refugees\nfrom South Sudan. Pakistan and Chad\nwere second and third with 334 and\n\n\n\nLebanon remains the country with\nthe highest refugee density at mid-2014.\n\n\n\nSweden is the only major recipient of\nrefugees among industrialized countries\nincluded among the top 10 ranked countries for this indicator.\nAn examination of the relative economic strength of refugee-hosting countries to their ratios of Gross Domestic\nProduct (GDP), measured at Purchasing\nPower Parity (PPP) **[5]** per capita, **[6]** likewise\nresults in wide and diverse distributions\namong countries. In relative terms, the\nhigher the ratio (1 USD GDP measured\nat PPP per capita), the higher the burden\non a country\u2019s national income and economic resources.\nBy mid-2014, Ethiopia hosted the\nlargest number of refugees relative to\nits national income measured at PPP,\n\n\n#### III Asylum-Seekers\n\n\n\nAt least 558,600 individual asylum\napplications were registered in 172\ncountries or territories during the first\nhalf of 2014, some 18 per cent more\nthan during the same period in 2013\n(456,000). An estimated 17 per cent of\nthese claims were registered at \u2018second\ninstance\u2019, including with courts and\nother appellate bodies. UNHCR offices\nregistered 108,500 individual asylum\napplications, out of the provisional total\nof 558,600 (19%).\n\nThese figures exclude asylum applications registered with South Africa\u2019s\nDepartment of Home Affairs, however,\nin the absence of such data provided by\nthe Government. As South Africa has\n\n\n\nreported the highest number of new\nasylum claims globally between 2008\nand 2012, and was the world\u2019s third largest recipient in 2013, the rankings and\nglobal totals in this report must be considered as merely indicative.\n\n\nNew Individual Asylum\nApplications Registered\nGermany (67,400) received the highest number of new asylum applications\nworldwide during the first six months\nof 2014. Syrians lodged almost one fifth\n(18%), or 12,100, of these claims. If current trends continue, Germany is likely\nto record its highest annual level of asylum claims in almost 20 years. Other\n\n\n\n199 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP),\nrespectively. Ultimately, almost all of\nthe countries listed among the top 40\nbased on this economic indicator were\nconsidered developing economies,\nwith more than half of them located\nin sub-Saharan Africa. n\n\n\n**4** Refers to persons in a refugee-like situation in\nAfghanistan.\n\n**5** Source for Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing\nPower Parity): International Monetary Fund, World\nEconomic Outlook Database, October 2014 (accessed\n16 November 2014).\n\n**6** Source for national populations: United Nations,\nPopulation Division, World Population Prospects: The\n2012 Revision, New York, 2013.\n\n\nmajor nationalities lodging new asylum\nclaims in Germany included Serbia (and\nKosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999)) (8,200),\nAfghanistan (4,200), and Eritrea\n(3,900).\nGermany was followed by the United\nStates of America with an estimated\n47,500 new asylum applications, **[7]**\nmost of them from Mexico (6,600),\nChina (6,400), Guatemala (3,700), and\n\n\n**7** Estimated number of individuals based on the\nnumber of new cases (28,100) and multiplied by 1.356\nto reflect the average number of individuals per case\n(Source: US Department of Homeland Security); and\nnumber of new \u2018defensive\u2019 asylum requests lodged\nwith the Executive Office of Immigration Review\n(14,330, reported by individuals).\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World\nEconomic Outlook Database", - "confidence": 0.8488309383392334, - "start": 775, - "end": 779 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Source for Gross Domestic Product", - "confidence": 0.5979540944099426, - "start": 760, - "end": 765 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "International Monetary Fund", - "confidence": 0.8246379494667053, - "start": 771, - "end": 774 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9116941094398499, - "start": 650, - "end": 651 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Population Prospects", - "confidence": 0.783461332321167, - "start": 805, - "end": 808 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Source for national populations", - "confidence": 0.5334083437919617, - "start": 794, - "end": 798 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5417216420173645, - "start": 816, - "end": 817 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Estimated number of individuals", - "confidence": 0.7177318334579468, - "start": 919, - "end": 923 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7555271983146667, - "start": 990, - "end": 991 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El Salvador (3,700). France was the third\nmost important destination for asylumseekers with 29,900 new asylum applications recorded, principally from\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(3,100), the Russian Federation (1,800),\nand Albania (1,600). Other important\ndestination countries for asylum-seekers were Sweden (28,400 new asylum\nclaims), Turkey (27,800), **[8]** Italy (24,500),\nand the Russian Federation (17,900). **[9]**\n\nDuring the first half of 2014,\nUNHCR\u2019s offices registered 103,000\nnew individual applications for refugee\nstatus and another 5,500 on appeal or\nfor review. The office in Turkey received\nthe largest number of new requests\n(27,800), followed by Malaysia (12,700),\nKenya (12,100), Jordan (10,800),\nand Cameroon (6,700). The top five\nUNHCR offices receiving asylum applications during the period under review\nregistered 68 per cent of all new claims\nrecorded by the organization.\n\n\n\nBy Origin\nSyrians were the largest group of\nasylum-seekers worldwide during the\nreporting period, with a total of 59,600\nnew asylum applications. Germany and\nSweden together received 40 per cent of\nthese claims. As a point of comparison,\nthe total number of countries or territories that registered Syrian asylum\nclaims increased from 92 during the\nfirst half of 2013 to 96 a year later.\n\nIraqis were the second largest group\nof asylum-seekers with a total of 28,900\nnew applications registered during\nthe first half of 2014, most of them in\nTurkey (15,700), Jordan (5,700), and\nGermany (2,100). Other important\nsource countries of asylum-seekers were\nAfghanistan (26,400), Eritrea (23,300),\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(21,700), and Ukraine (20,300).\nAmong the main nationalities\nlodging applications for international\nprotection, Total Recognition Rates\n\n\n\n(TRRs) **[10 ]** were around or significantly\nabove 80 per cent for asylum-seekers\nfrom the Syrian Arab Republic, Eritrea, Iraq, Myanmar, Somalia, and the\nCentral African Republic. In contrast,\nTRRs were around or below 10 per\ncent for asylum-seekers from Albania,\nBangladesh, Georgia, and Serbia (and\nKosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999)).\nBy the middle of the year, close to 1.3\nmillion individuals awaited decisions on\ntheir asylum claims, a figure that included applicants at any stage of the asylum\nprocess. This was the highest such number in more than 15 years. The largest\nbacklogs of undecided cases were reported by South Africa (244,000), Germany\n(161,900), the United States of America\n(96,100), and Turkey (66,600). n\n\n\n\n**8** This figure includes asylum-seekers registered with UNHCR as well as asylum-seekers who have been preregistered but who are pending formal registration with UNHCR.\n\n**9** Refers to 3,000 individuals who applied for refugee status and 14,900 for temporary asylum.\n\n**10** In the absence of an internationally agreed methodology for calculating recognition rates, the Total\nRecognition Rate is calculated by dividing the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status\nor a complementary form of protection by the total number of substantive decisions (Convention status,\ncomplementary protection, and rejected cases). Non-substantive decisions are, to the extent possible, excluded\nfrom the calculation. For the purpose of global comparability, UNHCR does not report rates calculated by national\nauthorities.\n\n\n**8** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IV\n\n\n###### (IDPs)\n#### Internally Displaced Persons\n\n\n\nInformation on the global number of\nnewly displaced persons within their\ncountry was not available at the time of\nwriting this report. **[11]** Based on information provided by UNHCR offices in 25\ncountries, an estimated 4.1 million individuals were newly displaced within\nthe borders of their countries as a result\nof war and conflict during the first half\nof the year. Countries particularly affected by this trend were Iraq (986,000\nnewly displaced by 30 June 2014), South\nSudan (970,000), Philippines (574,000),\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(483,000), Pakistan (481,000), and\nSudan (395,000).\nBy the end of the reporting period,\nUNHCR offices reported a total of 26.0\nmillion IDPs **[12]** who benefited from the\norganization\u2019s protection and assistance\nactivities. This was 2.1 million more\nthan at the beginning of the year. With\nan estimated 6.5 million IDPs, the Syrian Arab Republic continued to face the\nlargest situation of internal displacement\nworldwide. It was followed by Colombia, whose Government had registered\n5.7 million IDPs by mid-2014. Other\ncountries with large IDP populations\nby the end of the reporting period included the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (2.6 million), Sudan (2.1 million), **[13]** Iraq (1.9 million), South Sudan\n(1.3 million), **[14]** Pakistan (1.2 million), and\nSomalia (1.1 million).\n\n\n\nOn a more positive note, some\n1.6 million IDPs returned home during the reporting period in those countries where UNHCR was operational.\nThis compares to 688,000 during\nthe first half of 2013. Significant IDP\nreturns were reported by the Philippines\n(518,800), the Central African Republic\n(359,400), the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (246,500), Sudan (129,000),\nand Mali (126,000). n\n\n\n\n**11** The IDP populations reported in UNHCR statistics\nare limited to conflict-generated IDPs or persons in\nan IDP-like situation, to whom the agency extends\nprotection or assistance. Therefore, UNHCR\u2019s IDP\nstatistics do not necessarily reflect the entire IDP\npopulation in a given country, but rather only those\nwho are protected and assisted by the agency. Hence,\nUNHCR\u2019s statistics do not provide a comprehensive\npicture of global internal displacement.\n\n**12** Includes 267,500 persons in an IDP-like situation in\nMyanmar, South Sudan, and Sudan.\n\n**13** Includes 77,300 persons in an IDP-like situation.\n\n**14** Includes 155,200 persons in an IDP-like situation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### V Stateless Persons\n\n\n\ncountries or territories reported a total of\n3.5 million stateless persons by mid2014, a figure that has remained relatively unchanged compared to previous\nreporting periods. n\n\n\n\nThe precise number of stateless persons worldwide is unknown. Yet based\non available information and data,\nUNHCR estimates the total number of\nindividuals under the agency\u2019s stateless\n\n**10** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\nness mandate to be at least 10 million\nglobally. By mid-2014, statistical information on stateless persons was available for 77 countries or territories, two\nmore than six months earlier. These\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.975463330745697, - "start": 430, - "end": 432 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8873865604400635, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5274094939231873, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP\nstatistics", - "confidence": 0.980229377746582, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9664002060890198, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.801721453666687, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.7909243106842041, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical information on stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9376713633537292, - "start": 646, - "end": 651 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.816483736038208, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "77 countries or territories", - "confidence": 0.7809080481529236, - "start": 654, - "end": 658 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.841802716255188, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-2014", - "confidence": 0.9765579104423523, - "start": 644, - "end": 645 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.8599064946174622, - "start": 649, - "end": 651 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Khitan, a Syrian refugee woman,\u0003** and her three sons (one shown in the picture) found shelter in an unfinished building in Tripoli,\nLebanon with several other Syrian families. One of her sons was injured when a shell hit their home in Aleppo; another was killed\nin a separate incident. Her husband and another son remain behind in their war-torn country.\n\n\n\nVI\n\n\n#### Resettlement\n\n\n\nSome 37,000 refugees departed on resettlement with UNHCR assistance\nduring the first half of 2014. This figure was about 4,300 persons more than\nits corresponding value one year earlier\n(33,700). UNHCR offices in 74 countries\nwere involved in the processing of these\nindividuals from 57 nationalities.\n\nThe largest number of refugees\n\n\n\nwho benefited from resettlement programmes during the first half of the year\noriginated from Myanmar (9,300), Iraq\n(5,300), Bhutan (5,100), Somalia (4,300),\nand the Syrian Arab Republic (3,500).\nPersons from these five countries combined accounted for 81 per cent of all\nUNHCR-assisted resettlement departures.\n\nSimilarly, countries that reported\n\n\n\nVII\n\n\n#### Refugee Returns\n\n\n\nthe largest number of resettlement departures with UNHCR\u2019s assistance included Malaysia (6,100), Nepal (5,100),\nTurkey (3,900), Lebanon (3,800),\nThailand (3,500), and Kenya (2,100).\nTogether, these six countries accounted\nfor two-thirds (67%) of the global number\nof resettlement cases processed during\nthe first half of the year. n\n\n\nCountries with the highest number of refugee departures included\nthe Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (14,400), Chad (13,100),\nLiberia (12,200), Congo (9,900),\nPakistan (7,400), Kenya (7,300), and\nthe Central African Republic (7,200). n\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **11**\n\n\n\nThe number of refugees returning\nto their country of origin continued a\ndownward trend observed in previous\nyears. Some 107,000 refugees returned\nduring the first six months of 2014,\ncompared to 189,300 during the corresponding period of 2013. Some 69,000\nof those who had returned by mid\n\n\n2014 did so with UNHCR assistance.\nUNHCR offices in 28 countries reported the return of refugees, with the largest from the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (20,000), Mali (15,600), and C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire (12,300). Together, these three\ncountries of origin accounted for 58 per\ncent of all returnees.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR-assisted resettlement departures", - "confidence": 0.8592745065689087, - "start": 208, - "end": 211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.7464168071746826, - "start": 293, - "end": 294 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**12** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBolivia\n\n\nBonaire,\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
72
106
94,144
23,783
-
3,415
3,177
4
34,503
55,598
1,314
12
299
32,584
1
628
29,179
10
219
747
-
6,907
2,766
5,952
-
-
4,320
33,104
47,805
-
70
215,057
160,279
6
7,753
454,882
1,752
301,033
184
-
237
-
49,192
12,800
2,842
560
369
19
4,281
2,979
117,907
13,160
20,695
-
615
54,789
237,117
39|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
143,177
-
-
-
-
-
11,500
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11,311
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,820
-
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68,344
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
143,249
106
94,144
23,783
-
3,415
14,677
4
34,503
55,598
1,314
12
299
232,584
1
628
29,179
10
219
747
-
6,907
2,766
5,952
-
-
4,320
33,104
47,805
-
70
226,368
160,279
6
7,753
454,882
1,752
301,033
184
-
237
-
49,192
20,620
2,842
581
369
19
4,281
2,979
117,907
13,160
20,695
-
615
123,133
237,117
39|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_143,249_
_106_
_90,137_
_5,072_
_-_
_82_
_6,414_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_1,314_
_12_
_299_
_32,584_
_1_
_299_
_-_
_-_
_219_
_106_
_-_
_6,907_
_2,766_
_644_
_-_
_-_
_2,462_
_33,104_
_47,805_
_-_
_70_
_226,368_
_-_
_-_
_7,753_
_454,882_
_173_
_102_
_184_
_-_
_43_
_-_
_49,192_
_19,803_
_2,842_
_581_
_229_
_19_
_28_
_-_
_45,436_
_-_
_20,695_
_-_
_615_
_54,789_
_237,117_
_13_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
93
290
3,894
20,040
-
992
52
1
14,223
22,745
279
16
47
13
-
208
10,360
62
79
9
-
15
214
6,325
3
-
2,048
259
9,051
-
21
14,091
17,468
2
349
1,492
500
409
2,220
6
158
-
2,735
1,609
731
161
3
49
2,830
375
1,408
2,675
3,814
-
819
11,583
25,194
4|\n\n\n\n**14** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMicronesia\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **15**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
-
3,175
81
587,708
13
11,252
237,985
1,007
11,439
346
200,805
18,684
3,485
-
168
8,598
8,572
11
-
23
2,693
79
198,665
3,830
982,071
254,215
6,001
184
76,263
23
2,646
736,579
620
537,021
614
472
-
165
1,115,988
36
38,188
25,561
97
951
1,032
12
5,844
97,787
14,525
9,906
53,961
-
1,831
-
34
3
7,160
-
1,560|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
467
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48,017
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
420
-
-
26,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
-
3,175
81
587,708
13
11,252
237,985
1,007
11,439
813
200,805
18,684
3,485
-
168
8,598
8,572
11
-
23
2,693
79
198,665
3,830
982,071
254,215
6,001
48,201
76,263
23
2,646
736,579
620
537,021
614
472
-
165
1,115,988
36
38,196
25,561
97
951
1,032
12
5,844
98,207
14,525
9,906
79,961
-
1,831
-
34
3
7,160
-
1,560|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_3,175_
_-_
_587,708_
_13_
_-_
_-_
_1,007_
_11,433_
_813_
_-_
_18,684_
_-_
_-_
_26_
_8,598_
_8,572_
_-_
_-_
_11_
_-_
_-_
_24,280_
_3,830_
_982,071_
_253,970_
_-_
_4,659_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_635,214_
_620_
_537,021_
_613_
_472_
_-_
_-_
_1,115,988_
_-_
_38,196_
_25,561_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_12_
_5,844_
_98,207_
_14,038_
_-_
_53,961_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_7,160_
_-_
_1,559_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
-
3
44
920
5
1,058
59,586
1,868
507
358
161,863
2,287
43,883
-
54
264
114
1
7
17
1,402
151
4,718
6,286
47
7,053
5,149
4,760
22,200
-
7,950
10,466
89
32,751
1,038
327
-
206
2,423
3
69
6,608
26
60
844
1
13,525
47,352
1,097
1,015
598
-
2,192
-
-
7
98
-
2,601|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSaint Vincent and\n\n\nSerbia (and Kosovo:\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav Republic\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
4,461
-
1,519
-
41,491
74,707
1,403
223
61,084
1,530
46,106
149
1,610,355
1
2,671
4,797
135
1,229
189
16,438
598
127
874
283
1,996
5,135
72,763
1
5
-
-
538
14,257
43,763
2,403
3
3
701
235
3
2,502
65,668
240,673
4,637
308
-
205,174
-
553
114,175
57,783
149,377
2,215
76,819
646
-
22,165|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15,000
4,581
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35,529
-
-
-
-
-
-
56,019
309
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
4,461
-
1,519
-
41,491
74,707
1,403
223
61,084
1,530
46,106
149
1,610,355
1
17,671
9,378
135
1,229
189
16,438
598
127
874
283
1,996
5,135
72,763
1
5
-
-
565
14,257
43,763
2,403
3
3
701
235
3
2,502
65,668
240,673
4,637
308
-
240,703
-
553
114,175
57,783
149,377
2,215
132,838
955
-
22,165|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_4,461_
_-_
_1,375_
_-_
_26,491_
_-_
_-_
_103_
_61,084_
_1,530_
_-_
_139_
_1,610,355_
_1_
_246_
_-_
_18_
_58_
_32_
_-_
_-_
_127_
_141_
_283_
_81_
_5,135_
_72,763_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_563_
_14,257_
_9,053_
_760_
_3_
_3_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_2,502_
_13,112_
_240,670_
_-_
_308_
_-_
_167,667_
_-_
_178_
_-_
_-_
_30,368_
_1,545_
_76,819_
_955_
_-_
_13,702_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
12,110
-
1,155
534
133
-
275
40
130
996
6,436
121
5,337
-
713
404
2
558
112
2,888
283
54
2,552
75
416
13,770
203
1
-
-
-
99
2,828
542
26
-
5
167
39
-
9,587
243,948
32
6,397
1,562
-
4,900
1
578
32,277
20,111
2,512
2,037
8,336
1,431
2
817|\n\n\n\n**16** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuela\n\n\nUNHCR-BUREAUX\n\n|- Central Africa-Great Lakes|602,134 11,311 613,445 518,747 29,989|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|33,144 3,225,506 605,968 1,302 211,703|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|4,721,057|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|- East and Horn of Africa|2,410,283
35,529
2,445,812
_2,372,734_
84,035|2,410,283
35,529
2,445,812
_2,372,734_
84,035|2,410,283
35,529
2,445,812
_2,372,734_
84,035|2,410,283
35,529
2,445,812
_2,372,734_
84,035|2,410,283
35,529
2,445,812
_2,372,734_
84,035|25,340
4,473,150
223,790
20,000
54,173|25,340
4,473,150
223,790
20,000
54,173|25,340
4,473,150
223,790
20,000
54,173|25,340
4,473,150
223,790
20,000
54,173|25,340
4,473,150
223,790
20,000
54,173|7,326,300|\n|- Southern Africa|134,705
-
134,705
_62,883_
294,387|134,705
-
134,705
_62,883_
294,387|134,705
-
134,705
_62,883_
294,387|134,705
-
134,705
_62,883_
294,387|134,705
-
134,705
_62,883_
294,387|678
60,139
-
-
28,777|678
60,139
-
-
28,777|678
60,139
-
-
28,777|678
60,139
-
-
28,777|678
60,139
-
-
28,777|518,686|\n|- Western Africa|237,610
8
237,618
_227,019_
10,204|237,610
8
237,618
_227,019_
10,204|237,610
8
237,618
_227,019_
10,204|237,610
8
237,618
_227,019_
10,204|237,610
8
237,618
_227,019_
10,204|29,000
152,866
125,956
700,001
36,648|29,000
152,866
125,956
700,001
36,648|29,000
152,866
125,956
700,001
36,648|29,000
152,866
125,956
700,001
36,648|29,000
152,866
125,956
700,001
36,648|1,292,293|\n|Africa
Asia and Pacific
Middle East and
North Africa
Europe
Americas
Various/unknown|3,384,732
3,393,182
2,917,652
2,001,315
515,982
-|46,848
404,197
74,044
12,297
291,164
-|3,431,580
3,797,379
2,991,696
2,013,612
807,146
-|_3,181,383_
_3,001,554_
_2,697,514_
_866,252_
_100,682_
_-_|418,615
105,051
77,215
527,659
139,948
-|88,162
10,155
8,354
275
1
4|7,911,661
2,326,884
8,823,240
1,228,873
5,700,381
-|955,714
598,228
48,485
86
-
-|721,303
1,512,460
444,236
656,835
210,034
-|331,301
285,837
4,465
96,949
33,959
-|13,858,336
8,635,994
12,397,691
4,524,289
6,891,469
4|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
-
57
924
824,381
36
4
358,453
3,132
514
126,055
90,650
263,662
205
133
2
4,685
-
245,801
24,666
5,397
-|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
-
57
924
824,381
36
4
358,453
3,132
514
126,055
90,650
263,662
205
133
2
204,685
-
245,801
24,666
5,397
-|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_57_
_924_
_824,381_
_36_
_-_
_358,414_
_280_
_514_
_-_
_68,423_
_-_
_102_
_133_
_2_
_23,527_
_-_
_245,801_
_24,666_
_5,397_
-|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
-
38
233
66,574
-
4
30,536
5,701
117
30,571
284
96,106
36
-
1
570
-
9,397
2,333
480
-|\n\n\n\n**Total** **12,212,863** **828,550** **13,041,413** **9,847,385** **1,268,488** **106,951** **25,991,039** **1,602,513** **3,544,868** **752,511** **46,307,783**\n\n\nUN MAJOR REGIONS\n\nLatin America and\n\n\nSee notes on page 22.\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **17**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nOrigin **[1]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
2,690,775
10,520
3,691
5
10,321
49
388
12,224
25
9
10,914
210
285
10,018
67
4,424
77
40
313
-
26,708
602
22,342
168
1,002
1
1,878
1,600
71,938
28
13,630
11,468
107
6
377,130
14,560
598
205,007
25
1
108,479
528
11,674
1
463
70,857
40,189
6,509
35
10
1,349
1,155
493,286
10
809
43
310
700
13,050
9,673|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
17
-
-
-
3,823
33,403
-
-
-
-
288,600
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,000
-
-
-
-
208
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
2,690,775
10,520
3,691
5
10,321
49
388
12,224
25
9
10,914
210
285
10,020
67
4,424
77
40
313
-
26,708
602
22,369
168
1,002
1
1,878
1,604
71,938
28
13,647
11,468
107
6
380,953
47,963
598
205,007
25
1
397,079
528
11,674
1
463
70,857
40,189
7,509
35
10
1,349
1,155
493,494
10
809
43
310
700
13,050
9,673|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_2,581,553_
_6_
_78_
_-_
_1,113_
_-_
_5_
_58_
_-_
_-_
_1,664_
_-_
_4_
_115_
_-_
_18_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_26,122_
_9_
_3,226_
_-_
_3_
_-_
_14_
_19_
_40,811_
_-_
_156_
_680_
_-_
_-_
_349,695_
_16,552_
_5_
_255_
_-_
_-_
_94,457_
_1_
_1,394_
_-_
_1_
_58,893_
_13,799_
_1,174_
_-_
_4_
_-_
_69_
_435,988_
_-_
_83_
_-_
_13_
_15_
_210_
_276_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
75,414
12,432
4,622
9
1,654
27
101
5,422
11
10
3,847
27
93
17,283
32
801
25
61
528
1
136
178
4,509
117
684
-
169
829
17,947
19
240
4,313
36
-
16,247
2,747
84
25,257
54
9
16,118
531
3,180
-
73
10,703
803
1,429
-
1
110
677
73,934
10
313
14
922
3,057
9,049
12,269|\n\n\n\n**18** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nOrigin **[1]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **19**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
186
285,971
352
74,481
1,115
7
98
177
3,448
6,835
176
22,455
2
94
330
6,622
15,182
1,249
802
38,518
-
3,338
1,208
2
11,155
9,826
76,422
426,114
9
1,043
68
1,506
296
1,633
2,171
8,635
20
990
2,345
7,705
232
4,238
15
16,772
3,353
-
220
1
295
325
481
31
147,685
6
3
34,340
85
9,401
3
2,068|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
35,173
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,956
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
186
321,144
352
74,481
1,115
7
98
177
3,448
6,835
176
22,457
2
94
330
6,622
15,182
1,249
802
38,518
-
3,338
1,208
2
11,155
14,782
76,422
426,114
9
1,043
68
1,506
296
1,633
2,171
8,635
20
990
2,345
7,705
232
4,238
15
16,799
3,353
-
220
1
295
325
481
31
147,685
6
3
34,340
85
9,401
3
2,068|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_10_
_203,184_
_1_
_41,838_
_5_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_42_
_775_
_2_
_10,652_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_63_
_166_
_16_
_-_
_725_
_-_
_105_
_3_
_-_
_19_
_704_
_12,264_
_122,364_
_-_
_16_
_-_
_9_
_-_
_82_
_14_
_4,148_
_-_
_43_
_297_
_3_
_2_
_174_
_-_
_10,266_
_21_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_5_
_-_
_5_
_138,871_
_-_
_-_
_26,676_
_-_
_18_
_-_
_1_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
72
33,330
24
50,471
474
4
48
109
5,826
7,601
78
5,103
-
89
37
9,632
12,240
1,407
128
5,937
-
6,375
1,530
3
13,684
1,037
29,050
53,177
42
303
105
644
52
1,040
1,042
2,187
1
296
1,474
64
67
2,730
688
1,937
2,400
-
74
1
199
4,320
352
13
9,673
-
6
3,655
139
13,172
1
1,489|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nOrigin **[1]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSaint Vincent and\n\n\nSerbia (and Kosovo:\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
539
1,345
57
223,676
1,144
8,120
63
20
1,536
706
32,223
14
13
26
32,782
1
96,658
105
221
100
4,768
725
1,421
32
17
544
2,205
2,321
74,954
82,635
15
711
1,535
1
1
20
600
21,801
48,786
26
5,309
67
-
230
118
61
1,080,788
424
508,454
55
123,027
657,795
17
109
16
15
3,017,498
685|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
256,030
-
2
-
-
-
-
9,615
-
-
-
143,179
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
303
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99
-
1
12,537
-
-
-
-
11,967
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
539
1,345
57
479,706
1,144
8,122
63
20
1,536
706
41,838
14
13
26
175,961
1
96,658
105
221
100
4,768
729
1,421
32
17
544
2,205
2,321
74,954
82,635
15
711
1,535
1
1
20
600
21,801
49,089
26
5,309
67
-
230
118
61
1,080,788
424
508,553
55
123,028
670,332
17
109
16
15
3,029,465
685|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_3_
_31_
_5_
_214,985_
_978_
_30_
_-_
_-_
_657_
_8_
_27,074_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_144,396_
_-_
_87,154_
_20_
_-_
_1_
_396_
_13_
_6_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_9_
_10_
_1,011_
_33,793_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_20_
_24_
_19,360_
_7,558_
_-_
_912_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_963,637_
_7_
_480,755_
_4_
_2,349_
_640,429_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_2,900,855_
_66_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
996
2,785
1,451
48,053
183
3,548
28
6
552
482
23,818
-
-
8
37,150
7
3,260
31
168
22
753
771
305
40
7
239
961
1,187
26,655
9,688
21
247
181
4
-
6
278
6,124
23,844
2
2,383
30
8
526
15
13
38,739
402
4,091
80
16,190
33,235
33
161
11
1
50,545
642|\n\n\n\n**20** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin \u0003** | mid-2014 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\n\n\n\nOrigin **[1]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav\n\n\nUNHCR-Bureaux\n\n|- Central Africa-Great Lakes|1,049,553|4,031|1,053,584|862,504|126,489|33,144|3,225,506|605,968|-|166,770|5,211,461|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|- East and Horn of Africa|2,638,181|81,212|2,719,393|_2,351,689_|169,494|25,340|4,473,150|223,790|-|53,921|7,665,088|\n|- Southern Africa|33,445|-|33,445|_3,383_|52,150|678|60,139|-|-|73,093|219,505|\n|- Western Africa|349,923|9,649|359,572|_269,864_|82,584|29,000|152,866|125,956|-|36,590|786,568|\n|Africa
Asia and Pacific
Middle East and North Africa
Europe
Americas
Various/Stateless|4,071,102
3,785,810
3,699,368
318,182
212,287
126,114|94,892
404,197
37,967
330
289,600
1,564|4,165,994
4,190,007
3,737,335
318,512
501,887
127,678|_3,487,440_
_2,984,036_
_3,228,476_
_45,153_
_98,236_
_4,044_|430,717
279,635
138,767
113,631
75,698
230,040|88,162
10,155
8,354
275
1
4|7,911,661
2,326,884
8,823,240
1,228,873
5,700,381
-|955,714
598,228
48,485
86
-
-|-
-
-
-
-
3,544,868|330,374
282,162
11,828
72,464
33,958
21,725|13,882,622
7,687,071
12,768,009
1,733,841
6,311,925
3,924,315|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
1,759
241
15,066
11
10,295
19
336
1,368
65,900
526
15
2
6,688
6,343
88
147
1,039
4,786
146
4,957
1
8,419
314,059
90,517
2,514
233
19,715
20,520
105,594|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
26,000
-
-
-
-
1,564|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
1,759
246
15,066
11
10,296
19
336
1,368
65,900
526
15
2
6,688
6,343
88
147
1,039
4,786
146
4,957
1
8,419
314,060
116,517
2,514
233
19,715
20,520
107,158|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_5_
_12_
_1_
_1_
_3,584_
_-_
_-_
_34_
_15,826_
_18_
_-_
_-_
_1,063_
_1,144_
_4_
_2_
_110_
_15_
_1_
_362_
_-_
_268_
_220_
_90,212_
_491_
_6_
_1,266_
_388_
_3,656_|
Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
6,410
194
7
10
1,512
43
131
1,738
10,252
484
-
2
4,381
4,444
48
61
993
261
35
1,646
-
2,385
2,609
565
2,168
305
41,998
4,939
225,101|\n\n\n\n**Total** **12,212,863** **828,550** **13,041,413** **9,847,385** **1,268,488** **106,951** **25,991,039** **1,602,513** **3,544,868** **752,511** **46,307,783**\n\n\nUN major regions\n\nLatin America and\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014 **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**22** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 2015 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nAll rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.\n\n\nFor more information, please contact:\n\n\nField Information and Coordination Support Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management\nCase Postale 2500\n1211 Geneva, Switzerland\n**[stats@unhcr.org](mailto:stats%40unhcr.org?subject=Global%20Trends%202012)**\n\n\nThis document along with further information on global\ndisplacement is available on UNHCR\u2019s statistics website:\n**[http://www.unhcr.org/statistics](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics)**\n\n\n**Cover photo:\u0003** Syrian refugees arrive across the border into Jordan.\n\n\n\u00a9 U N H C R / A . H ar p e r\n\n\nproduced and printed by unhcr (7 january 2015).\n\n##### **www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53ac702b-828e-336d-a9eb-9ca204753fa4/54aa91d89.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_101/raw/doc_101_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_101/raw/doc_101_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 49c55c257d6961e8828097ffe8cc0da7935ef5b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_101/raw/doc_101_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,248 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **The sea route** **to Europe: The** **Mediterranean** **passage in the age** **of refugees**\n\n\n\n**1 July 2015**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Afghan refugees leave their dinghy and wade ashore in Mytilini, on the Greek island of Lesvos. UNHCR/Jowan Akkash\n\n## **Europe is living through a maritime refugee crisis.**\n\n\n\nEurope is living through a maritime refugee crisis\n\nof historic proportions. Its evolving response has\n\nbecome one of the continent\u2019s defining challenges of\n\nthe early 21st century, with long-lasting implications\n\nfor humanitarian practice, regional stability and\n\ninternational public opinion.\n\n\nIn the first six months of this year, 137,000 refugees\n\nand migrants crossed the Mediterranean Sea,\n\ntravelling in terrible conditions upon unsafe boats\n\nand dinghies.\n\n\nMany more tried, but didn\u2019t make it. In mid-April\n\n2015, 800 people died in the largest refugee\n\nshipwreck on record, highlighting a staggering\n\nincrease in refugees and migrants dying or missing\n\nat sea. This tragedy thrust the crisis into headlines\n\naround the world, and the EU launched a series of\n\nemergency meetings to establish a more effective\n\n\n\njoint response.\n\n\nThese events raise profound questions. Who are the\n\npeople arriving on Europe\u2019s southern shores, where\n\nare they coming from, and why? How can Europe\n\nbest help them, both to alleviate the suffering that\n\ndrives them further from their homes, and to address\n\nits root causes?\n\n\nSix major findings of this report:\n\n\nThe majority of those taking the sea route\n## **1.**\n\nto Europe are refugees, and their numbers\n\ncontinue to rise rapidly. Most people arriving by\n\nsea are fleeing from war, conflict or persecution\n\nat home, as well as deteriorating conditions\n\nin many refugee-hosting countries. EU States\n\nhave a clear responsibility to offer them\n\nprotection, and an obligation along with others\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to rescue people in danger at sea.\n\nThe number of deaths at sea rose to\n## **2.**\n\nrecord levels in April 2015, then dropped\n\nsignificantly in May and June. While many\n\nfactors contributed to the recent decline,\n\nimproved European-led search-and-rescue\n\noperations beginning in May have had an\n\nimmediate and positive impact. Yet the peak\n\nmonths still lie ahead.\n\nThere has been a major increase in\n## **3.**\n\nrefugees and migrants taking the \u2018eastern\n\nMediterranean route\u2019 from Turkey to Greece.\n\nMore than 85 per cent of those arriving in\n\nGreece are from countries experiencing war\n\nand conflict, principally Syria, Afghanistan,\n\nIraq and Somalia. From Greece, most move\n\nonwards across the Balkans to western and\n\nnorthern Europe. Italy remains the primary\n\ndestination for Eritreans, Somalis and other\n\npeople from sub-Saharan Africa.\n\nAs arrivals increase, reception capacity\n## **4.**\n\nand conditions remain seriously inadequate.\n\nWhile conditions of reception in Italy vary a\n\ngreat deal, serious systemic gaps remain in\n\nGreece. The former Yugoslav Republic of\n\nMacedonia and Serbia collectively offer fewer\n\nthan 3,000 places of reception, significantly\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nbelow the levels of arrivals (19,000 arrivals\n\nin the first weeks of June alone). This\n\nimpacts people with special needs, including\n\nunaccompanied and separated children,\n\nincreasing their vulnerability and risk of\n\nexploitation. This is an emergency situation,\n\nwhich requires urgent attention and far greater\n\nsupport for efforts to handle new arrivals. If\n\nthis situation remains unaddressed, onward\n\nmovement of refugees and migrants is likely to\n\ncontinue on a significant scale.\n\nThe number of refugees and migrants\n## **5.**\n\nentering the western Balkans from Greece\n\nhas already dramatically increased since the\n\nbeginning of June, with over 1,000 people\n\nentering every day, as opposed to 200\n\njust a few weeks ago. They face serious\n\nhumanitarian and protection challenges linked\n\nto the hardship of the journey, the abuses\n\nof smugglers and criminal gangs, and the\n\nincreasing tightening of the borders.\n\nCountries of origin and the international\n## **6.**\n\ncommunity at large need to do better at\n\npreventing and resolving conflicts. Transit\n\ncountries need to develop their asylum\n\nsystems, including reception arrangements and\n\nidentification processes.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nAs EU Member States and others debate how\n\nbest to respond to these trends, it is important to\n\nplace them in the context of a worldwide rise in\n\nforced displacement, including a sharp increase\n\nin those seeking safety across the sea. Despite\n\nthe significant media attention it has garnered, the\n\nMediterranean crisis constitutes a relatively small\n\npart of the global picture. When looking at the\n\nincreases in the number of arrivals to Europe, it can\n\neasily be forgotten that 86 per cent of the world\u2019s\n\nrefugees are hosted in developing countries.\n\n\nEurope\u2019s response to the crisis on its own shores\n\nsends a particularly important message. As part of\n\nthe comprehensive response needed, UNHCR is\n\ncalling for a bold response in the number of places\n\noffered through resettlement, family reunification and\n\nother legal alternatives. These should be coupled\n\nwith actions to increase intra-EU solidarity and to\n\naddress root causes of displacement.\n\n\n\nIn this exceptional time, Europe and the international\n\ncommunity need to deepen their solidarity with\n\nthe forcibly displaced, notably by accepting larger\n\nnumbers of people in need of protection.\n\n\nThe protection of refugees has been a core human\n\nvalue as long as civilization has flourished. There\n\nare references to assisting those fleeing war and\n\npersecution in texts written 3,500 years ago, during\n\nthe blossoming of the great Hittite, Babylonian,\n\nAssyrian and Egyptian empires. In modern times,\n\nthe 1951 Refugee Convention has set the global\n\nstandard for refugee protection. At a moment of\n\npersistent and new conflicts, its principles are\n\nas important as ever. The Common European\n\nAsylum System is an advanced regional protection\n\nlegal framework and must be upheld and fully\n\nimplemented by all Member States.\n\n\n\n**EUROPE IN A WORLD OF DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\n**59.5 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced at the end of 2014, as a**\n**result of persecution, conflict and human rights violations, the highest level on**\n**record. That was 8.3 million people more than at the end of 2013: the biggest**\n**annual increase ever in a single year. 19.5 million of those people were refugees.**\n\n\n**EU countries hosted a relatively small share of that number. At the end of**\n**2014, the world\u2019s top refugee host was Turkey, followed by Pakistan, Lebanon,**\n**Iran, Ethiopia and Jordan. Lebanon hosted by far the largest number of**\n**refugees by population, 232 per 1,000 inhabitants. Worldwide, 86 per cent**\n**of the refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate lived in developing countries.**\n\n\n**Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2014, World at War**\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n### 1. Europe\u2019s growing maritime refugee crisis\n\n\nIn the first six months of 2015, 137,000 refugees\n\nand migrants arrived in Europe by sea, in profoundly\n\ndifficult and unsafe conditions. That compares to\n\n75,000 in the same period in 2014, marking an 83\n\nper cent increase over 2014. That number can be\n\nexpected to increase further in the second half of\n\nthe year, especially during the summer months of\n\nJuly, August and September. Arrivals in the second\n\nhalf of 2014, for example, were almost double those\n\nof the first half.\n\n\nIn the first half of 2015, 43,900 Syrians came to\n\nEurope\u2019s shores \u2013 the single largest group by a\n\nconsiderable number, accounting for 34 per cent\n\nof all arrivals. This follows a similar trend in 2014,\n\nwhen 69,000 Syrians arrived by sea, 32 per cent of\n\n\n\nall arrivals.\n\n\nMost are likely to qualify as refugees, or receive\n\nsome other form of international protection. In 2014,\n\nthe 28 Member States of the EU gave 95 per cent of\n\nSyrians protection in the first instance, the highest\n\npercentage of any nationality, according to Eurostat.\n\n\nThe second and third highest countries of origin\n\nwere Eritrea and Afghanistan, accounting for\n\n12 per cent and 11 per cent of maritime arrivals\n\nrespectively. In 2014, the 28 EU countries gave 89\n\nper cent of asylum-seekers from Eritrea protection,\n\nand 63 per cent from Afghanistan. Arrivals from\n\nother top countries of origin, including Somalia, Iraq\n\nand Sudan, may also be in need of international\n\nprotection.\n\n\nMany have first fled for safety to neighbouring\n\n\n\nCoffins containing the bodies of refugees and migrants who perished when their boat sank off the coast of Lampedusa. UNHCR/Francesco Maltavolta\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "countries, such as Turkey and Lebanon. But\n\nafter years of rising pressure, the economies and\n\ninfrastructure of many refugee-hosting countries\n\nare buckling, making it increasingly difficult for\n\nrefugees to find work, shelter, health care, and\n\neducation. As humanitarian appeals to assist them\n\ngo underfunded, many simply move on.\n\n\nThe lack of legal routes leaves no choice for many\n\nmen, women and children but to turn to smugglers,\n\nat enormous cost and danger to their lives. Before\n\narriving in Europe, many suffer high levels of abuse,\n\nexploitation and human rights violations. Some are\n\ntaken hostage at gunpoint, released only if their\n\nfamilies pay ransoms they can ill afford to violent\n\nillegal gangs.\n\n\nThe majority of those arriving in Europe in the first\n\nsix months of 2015 were men, searching for a safe\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nplace to live and work before attempting to reunite\n\nlater with their families. But they also included\n\nlarge numbers of women and children, including\n\nthousands of unaccompanied and separated\n\nchildren. (See sidebar on unaccompanied and\n\nseparated children.)\n\n\nThe fundamental fact remains that most are\n\nrefugees fleeing conflict and persecution, with\n\nprotection guaranteed under international law. The\n\nMediterranean boat crisis has become primarily a\n\nrefugee crisis.\n\n\n\nA UNHCR staff member helps refugees and migrants to register at a police station in Kos. UNHCR/Socrates Baltagiannis\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 2. Rescue at sea: Tragedy and response\n\nIn October 2013, a boat carrying hundreds of\n\nrefugees and migrants from Libya to Italy sank\n\nnear the island of Lampedusa, killing 368 refugees.\n\nShortly after, Italy launched a historic search and\n\nrescue at sea operation called Mare Nostrum.\n\n\nThis operation contributed to saving thousands of\n\nlives. However, it gradually sparked opposition as\n\nsome countries saw it as a pull factor. The operation\n\nended in December 2014. An initially smaller\n\noperation led by the EU\u2019s border agency, Frontex,\n\nwas put in place, with fewer resources, a mandate\n\nfocused on border control, and with a more limited\n\nscope to rescue people at sea.\n\n\nThis shift did not diminish the number of refugees\n\nand migrants making the crossing. At a time of\n\n\n\ngrowing instability in Libya, and rising pressure in\n\nrefugee-hosting countries neighbouring Syria, many\n\nrefugees felt they had no other choice.\n\n\nDuring the first four months of 2015, the numbers of\n\nthose dying at sea reached horrifying new heights.\n\nBetween January and March, 479 refugees and\n\nmigrants drowned or went missing, as opposed to\n\n15 during the first three months of the year before. In\n\nApril the situation took an even more terrible turn. In\n\na number of concurrent wrecks, an unprecedented\n\n1,308 refugees and migrants drowned or went\n\nmissing in a single month (compared to 42 in April\n\n2014), sparking a global outcry.\n\n\nEuropean leaders held emergency meetings in April\n\nand agreed to triple the funding of their Frontex\nled operations in the Mediterranean (bringing it\n\nto the levels of Mare Nostrum), and significantly\n\nincrease their scope and coverage. This included the\n\ndeployment of naval vessels from several EU States.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These efforts are supplemented by many private and\n\nnon-governmental initiatives, including operations by\n\nMigrant Offshore Aid Station (MOAS) and M\u00e9decins\n\nSans Fronti\u00e8res.\n\n\nThe results were immediate. In May, the number of\n\nrefugees and migrants drowned or missing at sea\n\nfell to 68, a quarter of the figure only one year earlier\n\n(226). The downward trend continued in June, which\n\nas of 29 June saw 12 deaths, compared to 305 in\n\n2014.\n\n\nThis decline in deaths at sea is an important\n\nachievement, and a sign that with the right policy,\n\nbacked by an effective operational response, it is\n\npossible to save lives at sea. Europe is rising to\n\nthe challenge, as it has done on multiple occasions\n\nsince the end of World War II. Yet there is a\n\ncontinued need for vigilance. Even one death at\n\nsea is one death too many. For the thousands of\n\nrefugees and migrants who continue to cross the\n\nMediterranean, the risks remain very real.\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nthe majority of arrivals were refugees.\n\n\n3.1 The Syrian crisis reaches Greece\n\n\nLarge flows of refugees and migrants are a relatively\n\nrecent phenomenon in Greece, and it has not\n\nbuilt the infrastructure to cope. This has created\n\ntremendous strain on the island communities who\n\nreceive them and on the capacity to deal with\n\nthe influx. In most locations reception conditions\n\nwere already insufficient, and the authorities\n\nface multiple financial, political and legislative\n\nconstraints in responding to the new rise in\n\narrivals. More assistance is urgently needed.\n\n\nIn 2012, Greece attempted to control the\n\nrising number of land crossings by building\n\na security fence on the border with Turkey.\n\nSea-borne arrivals began to rise significantly\n\nthereafter. In 2012, the number of refugees and\n\nmigrants arriving on the Greek islands more\n\nthan tripled from 3,600 to 11,400; in 2014\n\nit almost quadrupled again to 44,000. In the\n\nfirst six months of 2015, that peak has already\n\nbeen surpassed by more than 40 per cent.\n\n\nMost are fleeing the war in Syria. More than 25,000\n\npeople of Syrian origin arrived in Greece in the\n\nfirst 5 months of 2015, concentrated on the North\n\nAegean islands of Lesvos, Chios and Samos, and\n\nin the Dodecanese islands of Kos and Leros.\n\n\nIn April, UNHCR launched a questionnaire to learn\n\nmore about the challenges facing Syrian refugees\n\nin Greece, and released the preliminary results in\n\nJune, based on 670 of a planned 3500 interviews.\n\nThe picture is one of people undergoing a deep\n\nand abiding struggle to survive, and who face even\n\nfurther hardship as they continue on their journey.\n\n\nA child sleeps outside the screening centre at Moria, on the Greek island of Lesvos. UNHCR/Socrates Baltagiannis\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 3. The rise of the eastern Mediterranean route: the shift to Greece\n\nUntil 2015, the rise in Mediterranean Sea arrivals\n\nwas felt primarily in Italy. Over the course of\n\n2014, it received more than three quarters of\n\nall maritime refugees and migrants (170,000).\n\nIn the same year, 43,500 people arrived in\n\nGreece, or less than one fifth of the total.\n\n\nIn 2015, that picture has changed. During the\n\nfirst six months of 2015, 67,500 people arrived\n\nin Italy, while 68,000 arrived on the islands of\n\nGreece \u2013 overtaking Italy as the primary point of\n\narrival, and already surpassing the numbers for\n\nwhole of 2014. This shift attracted growing media\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nattention as tourists headed to the Greek islands\n\nfor their summer holidays, and shone a new\n\nlight on deeply inadequate reception facilities.\n\n\nWhile the central and eastern Mediterranean\n\nSea routes have become comparable\n\nin size, the profile of the people taking\n\nthese routes diverges significantly.\n\n\nThe main countries of origin arriving in Italy were\n\nEritrea (25 per cent), Nigeria (10 per cent) and\n\nSomalia (10 per cent), followed by Syria (7 per\n\ncent) and Gambia (6 per cent). The main countries\n\nof origin of refugees and migrants arriving in\n\nGreece were Syria (57 per cent), followed by\n\nAfghanistan (22 per cent) and Iraq (5 per cent).\n\n\nOverall, the majority of arrivals were refugees.\n\n\n\n**PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF 2015 SURVEY**\n\n**OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN GREECE**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022** **The majority of those questioned were Arab (78%) Sunni (87%) men (83%), between**\n**the age of 18-35 (71%). 40% were university educated, and another 46% had**\n**secondary education. Around half (45%) were married, and 44% had children.**\n\n\n**\u2022** **60% said they had previously spent time in Turkey (31% had no reply to**\n**this question), often in hotels and hostels. Two thirds of those questioned**\n**said they had received no assistance there, and the majority had left**\n**because of unemployment, and a lack of financial assistance.**\n\n\n**\u2022** **90% wanted to find asylum somewhere else in the EU, mostly in Germany**\n**and Sweden, for better assistance and employment opportunities. More**\n**than half intended to apply for family reunification once they arrived.**\n\n\n**\u2022** **The majority of Syrians waiting to be registered said they were treated well.**\n**Nonetheless, conditions were very difficult. Almost 20% didn\u2019t have regular**\n**access to a toilet and 70% did not regularly receive hygiene items. 30% had no**\n**mattress to sleep on, more than half had no access to a shower or blankets.**\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2015 SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.979555070400238, - "start": 295, - "end": 297 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8801321983337402, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GREECE", - "confidence": 0.5245457291603088, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9949555993080139, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8857187628746033, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SYRIAN REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9146560430526733, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\n**UNACCOMPANIED AND SEPARATED CHILDREN**\n\n\n**In 2015, 8% all refugees and migrants arriving in Italy were unaccompanied**\n**and separated children. This included 9% of those arriving from Eritrea, and**\n**10% of Somalis: the two top countries of origin. Their situation warrants**\n**particular concern, requiring specific reception arrangements and care.**\n**Most unaccompanied and separated children leave the reception centres,**\n**which raises concerns over their wellbeing and protection. Italian national**\n**legislation offers a wide range of guarantees to unaccompanied children,**\n**but there are shortcomings in its implementation, some deep-seated, and**\n**legislative reforms and stronger governance at central level is needed.**\n\n\n**Unaccompanied and separated children arriving by sea in Greece**\n**face significant challenges due to the lack of adequate reception**\n**arrangements. Due to poor conditions most quickly leave from official**\n**reception facilities. No central authority has been established to deal**\n**with their needs. Despite some improvements since 2013, measures**\n**to protect them remain inadequate and in urgent need of reform.**\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3.1 The Syrian crisis reaches Greece\n\n\nSuch large flows of refugees and migrants are a\n\nrelatively recent phenomenon in Greece, which\n\nhas not built the infrastructure and services to\n\naddress the basic needs of the people arriving.\n\nThis has created tremendous strain on the island\n\ncommunities who receive them. In most locations\n\nreception conditions were already insufficient,\n\nand the authorities face multiple constraints in\n\nresponding to the new rise in arrivals. Greece needs\n\nsupport to be able to rapidly improve its reception\n\nand asylum capacity to match ever-growing needs.\n\nGreece needs more assistance to address these\n\nchallenges.\n\n\nIn 2012, Greece attempted to control the rising\n\nnumber of land crossings by building a security\n\nfence on the border with Turkey. Sea-borne arrivals\n\nbegan to rise significantly thereafter. In 2013 the\n\nnumber of refugees and migrants arriving on the\n\nGreek islands more than tripled from 3,600 to\n\n11,400; in 2014 it almost quadrupled again to\n\n43,500. In the first six months of 2015, that peak\n\nhas already been surpassed by more than 55 per\n\ncent.\n\n\nMost are fleeing the war in Syria. Almost 40,000\n\npeople of Syrian origin arrived in Greece in the first\n\nsix months of 2015, concentrated on the North\n\nAegean islands of Lesvos, Chios and Samos, and in\n\nthe Dodecanese islands of Kos and Leros.\n\n\nIn April, UNHCR conducted surveys to learn more\n\nabout the challenges facing Syrian refugees in\n\nGreece, and released the preliminary results in\n\nJune, based on 670 of a planned 3,500 interviews.\n\nThe picture is one of people undergoing a deep\n\nand abiding struggle to survive, and who face even\n\nfurther hardship as they continue on their journey.\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\n\nA young Afghan girl shelters inside an abandoned hotel in Kos. UNHCR/Socrates Baltagiannis\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nIn 2011, Italy experienced a staggering increase\n\nin arrivals \u2013 62,700, up from 4,500 the year\n\nbefore. After dipping in 2012, the numbers\n\nstarted rising again in 2013 (43,000) and\n\nreached a new peak in 2014 (170,000). This\n\nyear it looks set to break records again.\n\n\nItaly\u2019s Mare Nostrum operation was a remarkable\n\neffort to rescue people at sea, and resulted in\n\nsaving thousands of lives. Nonetheless, it soon\n\nbecame apparent that Italy could not handle\n\nthis crisis alone. With the return of a robust\n\nEuropean search-and-rescue operation in May\n\n2015, deaths at sea have fallen considerably.\n\n\nAttention is now shifting to the situation of\n\npeople once they safely arrive. Significant\n\nimprovements in the identification, registration\n\nand reception systems need to be put in place.\n\n\n\nThe reception system has struggled to meet\n\ngrowing needs, despite a major increase in\n\ncapacity of up to 80,000 places. Conditions in\n\nreception centres vary and places are limited\n\nin comparison to numbers of arrivals.\n\n\nIn 2014, 62,000 people applied for asylum in\n\nItaly. It is believed that the majority came by\n\nsea. Most Eritreans and Syrians, who comprised\n\nalmost half of the arrivals in 2014, do not stay\n\nin Italy (often refusing to be fingerprinted by\n\nauthorities), but instead move further north.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nRefugees and migrants from Iraq sleep outside of Kos police station. UNHCR/Socrates Baltagiannis\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n### 4. The onward journey\n\n\nThe majority of refugees and migrants coming\n\nto southern Europe do so with the intention of\n\ntravelling onwards. The countries of northern and\n\nwestern Europe, particularly Sweden and Germany,\n\nare perceived as offering more effective protection,\n\nbetter support for asylum-seekers, a more\n\nwelcoming environment, and easier prospects for\n\nintegration. In addition, they are often already home\n\nto members of their families and communities.\n\n\nIn the first half of 2015, Italy saw 67,500 arrivals\n\nby sea. In that time, only 28,500 of those people\n\napplied for asylum. In Greece, an even higher\n\nnumber of refugees arrived with the intention of\n\nleaving. In the first half of 2015, 68,000 people\n\narrived by sea in Greece, yet through the end of\n\nMay, only 5,115 had applied for asylum.\n\n\nThe onward movement of refugees and migrants\n\nfrom Greece requires long and dangerous journeys,\n\noften at the hands of smugglers, through the\n\nBalkans and onwards through Hungary.\n\n\nThe number of those moving through this route has\n\nsharply increased since the beginning of June, with\n\nover 1,000 people crossing every day from Greece\n\nthrough The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\n\nto Serbia. Many men, women and children have\n\nfaced widespread abuse and violence along the way\n\nby smugglers and criminal networks. Prior to recent\n\nchanges in the law, refugees and migrants crossing\n\nThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia were\n\nnot authorized to use public transport, and as a\n\nresult, they have been walking on the railway tracks\n\nand walking or cycling along the emergency lane of\n\nthe highway, resulting in various tragic accidents. A\n\nnew law allows people to travel legally in the country\n\nfor up to 72 hours after registering and receiving\n\ndocumentation.\n\n\nThe Governments concerned have requested\n\ninternational support to ensure that the protection\n\nand humanitarian needs of the refugees and\n\nmigrants are being addressed, in particular in\n\nthe area of reception, asylum and migration\n\nmanagement. The situation remains critical and will\n\nrequire further support, including through joint efforts\n\nwith the European Union, national governments and\n\nNGOs.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\nA group of refugees and migrants aboard a dinghy boat approach a beach on the island of Lesvos. UNHCR/Socrates Baltagiannis\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n### 5. The European response\n\n\nAs the number of refugees coming to Europe\u2019s\n\nsouthern border has risen, so has the pressure\n\non EU countries to share the responsibility\n\nto protect them more equitably, and increase\n\nsolidarity among EU Member States.\n\n\nTwo internal imbalances have arisen. The\n\nfirst is an imbalance in arrivals, with Italy and\n\nGreece facing the large majority of all sea\nborne landings. The second is an imbalance\n\nin destination. In 2014, Germany and Sweden\n\nreceived 43 per cent of all asylum applications\n\nin the EU. This is not sustainable.\n\n\nRecent years have also seen growing concern over\n\na third imbalance, in which the industrialised world\n\n\n\nis receiving only a relatively small part of the growing\n\nnumbers of global refugees, whilst less developed\n\ncountries come under ever-increasing pressure.\n\n\nThis has come alongside a rise in anti-foreigner\n\nrhetoric and xenophobia in several European\n\ncountries, including those traditionally welcoming\n\nto refugees. In addition, restrictive policies have\n\nbeen introduced in some European countries,\n\nsuch as fence-building and push-backs.\n\nUNHCR is concerned that such practices place\n\nrefugees at risk, pushing them into the hands of\n\nsmugglers or simply redirecting their movement.\n\nIn 2015, European policy towards refugees and\n\nmigrants is in the spotlight as never before.\n\n\nUNHCR has called on Europe to\n\nfocus on several areas:\n\n\n\nRescued refugees and migrants wait to disembark. UNHCR/Francesco Malavolta\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Saving lives at sea: Continuing a\n## **1.**\n\nrobust search-and-rescue operation in\n\nthe Mediterranean. The historic tragedies\n\nthis past April galvanized a continent\nwide debate on how to meet countries\u2019\n\nobligation to rescue people at sea. The\n\nEU responded with concrete action which\n\nincluded a tripling of funding for rescue\n\noperations. Sharp drops in maritime deaths\n\nin May and June suggest that the response\n\nis working, but the danger is far from over.\n\nDignified reception conditions:\n## **2.**\n\nProviding improved and uniform conditions\n\nof reception throughout the EU. Poor\n\nreception conditions and lack of capacity\n\ncreates precarious conditions, fuels tension\n\nwith local communities, and contributes\n\nto onward movement. This problem\n\nis not new and needs to be urgently\n\naddressed by EU Member States.\n\nEnsuring greater solidarity within Europe:\n## **3.**\n\nImbalances in arrivals and destination have\n\ncreated growing pressure for an EU-wide\n\nresponse to share asylum requests more\n\nequitably. The European Council decision on\n\na relocation programme for 40,000 Syrian\n\nand Eritrean asylum-seekers is an important\n\nstep along the way to finding answers to\n\nsignificant arrivals of refugees on European\n\nshores, and the participation of all Member\n\nStates will be key to its success. It is hoped\n\nthat this measure will be expanded to address\n\nrapidly evolving needs, and the fact that\n\nan increased proportion of sea arrivals is\n\nnow taking place in Greece. The Council\n\ndecision can help to alleviate pressure on\n\nItaly and Greece, but also needs to be\n\naccompanied by a better functioning of\n\nthe Common European Asylum System,\n\nincluding the Dublin Regulation. In addition,\n\nUNHCR has long recognised the importance\n\nof return programmes for people not in need\n\nof international protection to preserve the\n\nintegrity of asylum systems, and this should\n\nbe done in line with fundamental rights and\n\nrespect for the principle of non-refoulement.\n\nIncreasing legal avenues to safety: The\n## **4.**\n\nAgenda on Migration includes a proposal for\n\n\n\nThe sea route to Europe: Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees\n\n\n20,000 more places for resettlement, which\n\nhas received the support of the European\n\nCouncil. UNHCR urges Member States to\n\nmake concrete commitments towards this\n\ngoal, in addition to existing resettlement\n\nquotas. UNHCR is also calling for EU\n\ncountries to provide more places for people\n\nin need of protection through alternative\n\nmechanisms, such as family reunification,\n\nhumanitarian admission, private sponsorship\n\nschemes, and work and education visas.\n\nCollective action in response to the\n## **5.**\n\nglobal displacement crisis: Increased\n\ncooperation is critically needed to address root\n\ncauses of refugee and migrant movements,\n\nsuch as conflict, insecurity, and lack of\n\naccess to education and livelihoods. In the\n\ncontext of forced displacement, finding\n\npolitical solutions to conflicts and human\n\nrights violations, together with increasing\n\ndevelopment cooperation, are critically needed.\n\nFurthermore, major humanitarian operations\n\nsuch as for Syrian refugees being hosted in\n\nthe Middle East, are dramatically underfunded.\n\nThrough more targeted assistance, including\n\ndevelopment initiatives, the resilience and self\nreliance of refugees and internally displaced\n\npopulations could be strengthened, allowing\n\nthem to live their lives with hope and dignity.\n\n\nThese are crucial first steps to deal with the rising\n\nglobal displacement crisis. In the longer-term,\n\nhowever, more will be needed. The rise in forced\n\ndisplacement has become a global challenge, on a\n\nscale not seen since the end of the Second World\n\nWar. It demands a commensurate response.\n\n\nBold thinking is needed to design a system\n\ncapable of tackling what increasingly looks like\n\nthe new normal. It requires a comprehensive\n\napproach, balancing state responsibilities with\n\nregional and global solidarity, and bringing in\n\nnot just those traditionally involved in protection,\n\nsecurity and border control, but multiple actors.\n\n\nIn times of conflict, fences and borders will not\n\nstop people fleeing for their lives. They will come.\n\nThe question facing the international community\n\nis not whether to engage with this crisis, but\n\nhow best to address it, and how humanely.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/391a37b3-bddf-371c-ba7b-9c01912a16b0/5592bd059.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_102/raw/doc_102_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_102/raw/doc_102_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 43151e006cb1a4a5b9c6db8e2f9a8ee3325ba7a8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_102/raw/doc_102_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **EDUCATION PROTECTS** **THROUGH ALL PHASES OF** **DISPLACEMENT**\n\n**During emergency and transition phases**,\neducational programming can provide:\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Stability, a sense of normalcy and hope\nfor children and youth who were already\nparticipating in educational programming at\nhome\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Meaningful, predictable learning and\nrecreational activities for children and youth\nwho never had the opportunity to participate in\neducational programming prior to displacement\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Content, language and experiential knowledge\nrequired for access to full-cycle formal\neducation systems for previously, intermittently\nand never-educated children and youth\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Safe spaces and supervision that parents and\ncaregivers can trust\n\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Psychosocially sensitive programming that\nhelps children and youth better cope with their\nchanged environments and circumstances\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Life skills education that addresses selfprotection from sexual abuse, economic\nexploitation, recruitment in armed groups,\nhygiene, health, and local safety and security\nissues that can be life-saving for children, youth\nand their families.\n\n\n**During the stabilization phase and beyond**,\neducational programming can specifically support\nprotection by providing opportunities for expanding\nor developing academic competencies that allow\nchildren and youth to remain in formal education\nuntil durable solutions are identified. The longer\na child, adolescent or young adult stays in quality,\nprotective formal or professional educational\nprogramming, the less risk there is for:\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Early marriage\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Early child birth\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007SGBV\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Child labour\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Domestic slavery\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Transactional sex\n\n\n\u00e8 Military and gang recruitment\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Substance abuse\n\n\nQuality, protective education also helps children\nand young people to develop:\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Social competencies that open doors for\nengaging with civil society in both displacement\nand durable solutions contexts, with knowledge,\nskills and responsibilities that expand and\ndeepen over time\n\n\n\u00e8 Preparedness for acquiring livelihoods skills\nand knowledge that can improve opportunities\nfor employment, self-sufficiency or communitybuilding in displacement and upon return,\nintegration or re-settlement\n\n\n\u00e8 Rights awareness so children, youth and their\nfamilies understand better how to claim their\nlegal rights and advocate for appropriate\nprotection.\n\n\n\nEDUCATION AND PROTECTION **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DID YOU KNOW THAT . . .**\n\n**\u2022 \u0007** if all students in low-income countries left school with basic reading skills, there would be a 12%\ndecrease in world poverty? [1]\n\n**\u2022 \u0007** in countries where access to education is equal for girls and boys, the per capita income is 23% higher?\n\n**\u2022 \u0007** there would be 14% fewer child marriages if all girls completed primary education and 64% fewer early\nmarriages if all young women completed secondary education?\n\n**\u2022 \u0007** if all women received primary education there would be a 15% reduction in child deaths from\npneumonia, diarrhea and malaria and that if they received a secondary education, there would be a\n49% reduction?\n\n**\u2022 \u0007** mothers living in poverty who complete primary school are 4% more likely to provide their children with\nnutrition that ensures their growth will not be stunted and that if the mothers completed secondary\neducation the percentage rises to 26%?\n\n#### **PROTECTION OF REFUGEES THROUGH INCLUSION** **IN NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS**\n\n\n\nCurrent estimates suggest that two-thirds of the\nworld\u2019s refugee populations live in protracted\ndisplacement situations. In such contexts, refugees\noften face protection and human rights challenges\nincluding confinement to camps, restricted\nmovement or difficulties in availing of services in\nurban areas. Refugees may be unable to access the\nfull cycle of education, earn livelihoods, or develop\nsufficient resilience for self-reliance or meaningful\nparticipation in civil society. In some situations,\nrefugees may become dependent on international\nassistance to fulfill basic needs, including education.\nUNHCR\u2019s Policy on Alternatives to Camps addresses\nthe reality of protraction and the need to provide\nopportunities for refugees in post-emergency phase\noperations that support social cohesion, resilience\nand self-reliance.\n\n\nThe implications of this Policy for education are\ntwofold:\n\n\n1 It is essential to establish or connect with\nexisting outreach and referral mechanisms so\nthat refugees are aware of and supported to\n\n\n1 All statistics presented here come from the _Education for All_\n\n_Global Monitoring report_ :\n\nhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002231/223115e.pdf\n\n\n\nfully engage in educational opportunities, and\ntheir participation in educational programming\nis monitored appropriately. In the best-case\nscenario, and in accordance with UNHCR\npolicy as it is reflected in its Education Strategy,\nrefugees share the same rights to education and\naccess to national education programmes at all\nlevels that nationals do. In such a scenario, all\neducation partners are prepared to support the\nenrolment and retention of refugee children,\nyouth and young adults in national education\nsystems rather than in refugee-exclusive systems\nthat are not sustainable, require considerable\nannual investment that is rarely available, are not\nappropriately monitored or able to guarantee\ntimely certification that can lead to continued\neducation during asylum or any of the durable\nsolutions scenarios.\n\n\n\u0007Education in Emergencies response protocols\nare not yet consistently geared to prioritize\nrefugee inclusion in national education systems\nwhen possible, or to prioritize programming\nduring the emergency phase that will ease\nrefugee inclusion into national systems from the\nstabilization phase forward. Such programming\nneeds to be designed for the particular\nconstraints specific populations face, such as the\nneed for intensive language or literacy training,\n\n\n\nEDUCATION AND PROTECTION **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "catch-up classes or accelerated education. It\nis necessary for UNHCR, in collaboration with\ngovernment officials, to orient planning and\nbudgeting that will contribute to medium to\nlong-term sustainable educational access for\nrefugee children and youth; this collaboration\nand leadership needs to start during the\nemergency phase while emergency education\npartners are active, budgets are at a peak and\nprogramming decisions that have long-term\nimpact are being made.\n\n\n2 UNHCR needs to be active in advocacy with\nand support to national and regional education\nauthorities so that refugee students are included\nin education planning processes at country\nlevel and their progress in formal education\nis included in national education information\nsystems. In collaboration with appropriate\nsectors of Ministries of Education, UNICEF\nand UNESCO national programmes, UNHCR\ncan support national programming that draws\nattention to increased needs in areas where\nrefugees live, as well as the planning, budgeting\nand national donor advocacy required to\naddress those needs. Humanitarian funding\nthat supports sustainable inclusion and shared\naccess to education for refugees and host\ncommunities in regions or urban areas that\nare frequently underserved by government\nservices can increase refugee participation in\neducational programming and mitigate known\nprotection risks for out of school children\nand youth, and also contribute to national\n\n\n\nsystems and social cohesion. UNHCR needs to\nparticipate actively in support of its policies in\nhumanitarian education working groups, but\nalso to be present to advocate with all partners\nat national level to support the right of refugees\nto sustainable, quality, full-cycle educational\nopportunities.\n\n\n\n\n\nEDUCATION AND PROTECTION **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THERE IS A RISK THAT EDUCATION WILL NOT BE PROTECTIVE WHEN\u2026**\n\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Girls and boys do not have equal access to\neducation at all levels and are not treated\nequally in the classroom\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Exploitation and abuse take place at schools,\nand when schools lack effective reporting and\nreferral mechanisms for abuse, including an\nabsence of consequences for perpetrators of\nSBGV and other abuses\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Teachers are not qualified or adequately\nsupported to facilitate learning in refugee\ncontexts\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There is no teacher Code of Conduct or\nmechanism to ensure it is monitored and\nenforced\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There are no safe mechanisms in place for the\ninclusion of over-aged children, youth or adults\nin primary or secondary school classrooms\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007The community is not engaged to ensure the\nprotection and security of all students\n\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007The distance between home and school is too\ngreat and poses safety risks\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Cultural issues that interfere with educational\nparticipation are not met with innovative\nthinking\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There is social cohesion tension that isn\u2019t\naddressed by inclusive or peace education\nprogramming\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There is no access to potable water or hand\nwashing facilities with soap\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There are insufficient numbers of gendersegregated latrines\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007School buildings are unsafe and there is no\nschool fencing\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007There is malnutrition and problems with food\naccess, but no school feeding programme.\n\n\n#### **UNHCR\u2019S EDUCATION STRATEGY (2012-2016):** **FOCUS ON EDUCATION AND PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Education Strategy (2012-2016) is\nanchored in a focus on ensuring the provision of\nrefugee education not as a peripheral stand-alone\nservice but as a core component of UNHCR\u2019s\nprotection and durable solutions mandate.\nThe Strategy reflects the essence of protective\neducation. It does this through examination of\nkey objectives that promote the internationally\nrecognized right to education for all children,\nincluding refugee children. It highlights the\nimportance of access to a full cycle of quality formal\neducation as a means to establish knowledge\nand experience in protective environments that\nprepare refugee children and youth to live healthy,\nproductive lives and builds skills for self-reliance for\nany possible future solution scenario.\n\n\nThe Strategy\u2019s six actions are supported by four\nstrategic approaches:\n\n\n\nA\n**Partnerships will ensure quality and**\n**protective education for refugee children and**\n**young people:** _How you plan and who you plan_\n_with matters._\n\n\nProgramming that supports host country Ministries\nof Education to accommodate refugee learners has\ngreater potential to provide refugees with full-cycle\naccess to existing, functioning education systems.\nIt also enhances social cohesion through the\ninclusion of refugee learners in national systems\nand by supporting whole systems that benefit both\nlocal and refugee children. UNICEF is a key partner\nthat can join UNHCR in working with the most\nvulnerable in both refugee and host communities\nin the frequently underserved areas where refugees\nare found.\n\n\n\nEDUCATION AND PROTECTION **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "B\n**Capacity development of UNHCR personnel**\n**and of partners will improve education**\n**programme management:** _How well UNHCR_\n_staff and partners understand what quality,_\n_protective education looks like matters._\n\n\nWith the right set of skills and tools to effectively\nprioritise, plan, implement, monitor and evaluate\neducation programming in line with global policy\ndirections and national education sector plans, the\nquality of education can significantly improve so\nthat it is protective and enabling.\n\n\nC\n**Measuring progress will strengthen learning**\n**results:** _How well you collect data and what kind_\n_of data you collect matters._\n\n\nPlanning without appropriate data means that\neducation programme budgets often try to solve\nthe same problems year after year with fewer and\nfewer resources. This is frequently due to the fact\nthat measurement focuses on outputs like numbers\nof learners enrolled, or numbers of classrooms built\nrather than outcomes like learning achievement\n\n\n\nand attainment. Data collection and monitoring\ncan help promote learning and this is central to\nachieving the overarching goal of promoting quality\nand protective education for refugees.\n\n\nD\n**Innovative Use of Technology will Expand**\n**Education Opportunities:** _How you look at_\n_recurrent issues in educational programming_\n_matters._\n\n\nIf an operation is facing recurrent problems\nsuch as elevated grade four drop-out, or poor\nfemale attendance and completion, chances\nare the standard response to the problem is\nnot appropriately aligned to the context. This\nmeans that the problem needs to be approached\ninnovatively. Innovation not only refers to\ntechnology; it more generally means looking\noutside the box and identifying new ways of\naddressing old problems, for instance through\nnew partnerships, new pedagogies, new ways of\nlooking at teacher training, and new approaches\nand methodologies such as human-centered\ndesign.\n\n\n# **\u201c**\n\n\n\n_\u0007Education can provide protection, but only when schools are physically safe, psychologically and_\n_emotionally healing, and cognitively transformative.\u201d_\n\n\n_Refugee Education: A Global Review (2011)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67d05282-80fc-3ce5-8e58-326615e0ab02/560be0dd6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_103/raw/doc_103_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_103/raw/doc_103_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 832d0268854044d3fa439232bd1103101063e39a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_103/raw/doc_103_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,394 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GLOBAL COMMITMENTS**\n\n\nSeveral global commitments support refugee access to education and can be used for advocacy\npurposes. These include:\n\n\n - \u0007The [1951 Convention on Refugees guarantees the right to education for refugees.](http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49da0e466.html)\n\n - [Article 22 of the](http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf) **Convention on the Rights of the Child** secures the provision of education for\nrefugee children and access to national systems.\n\n - **Sustainable Development Goal #4** _\u2018To ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong_\n_learning for all by 2030\u2019_ policy documents, the [Incheon Declaration and the](https://en.unesco.org/world-education-forum-2015/incheon-declaration) **Framework for Action**,\ncommit to developing more inclusive, responsive and resilient education systems to meet the needs\nof children, youth and adults affected by conflict and crisis, including internally displaced persons and\nrefugees.\n\n\n - \u0007UNHCR\u2019s Division of International Protection has complementary [Education,](http://www.unhcr.org/5149ba349.html) [Child Protection and](http://www.unhcr.org/50f6cf0b9.pdf)\n[Sexual and Gender Based Violence Global](http://www.unhcr.org/4e1d5aba9.pdf) **Strategies** that provide a comprehensive protective\nframework for refugees, with a focus on children and youth.\n\n### **UNDERSTANDING OOSC AND CHILDREN AT-RISK**\n\n\n**UNHCR employs the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) definitions for OOSC:**\n\n\n\n1 Children who\nhave **no access**\nto education.\n\n\n\n2 Children who have\naccess to a school\nbut are **not enrolled** .\n\n\n\n3 Children who are\nenrolled in school\nbut **do not attend**\n**regularly** .\n\n\n\n4 Children who\nhave **dropped out**\nof school.\n\n\n\n**Depending on the context, the following groups**\n**of children may be particularly at risk:**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children engaged in child labour, including\ndomestic labour\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children with disabilities\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children who have experienced trauma\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Separated or unaccompanied children\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Orphans or children in child-headed or femaleheaded households\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children associated with armed groups, or child\nsoldiers\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children who are married, pregnant girls or\nyoung mothers\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Children who belong to minority groups\n\n\n\n**Refugee children and youth are often excluded**\n**from school due to:**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Exclusionary legal or policy frameworks\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Missing identity-related documentation required\nfor school enrollment or examination eligibility\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Language barriers\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 Being over-age\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Limited or insufficient number of schools\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Discrimination and bullying\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Gender attitudes\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Early pregnancy and/or marriage\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Poverty and child labour\n\n\n\nOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **DATA AND ASSESSMENTS** **FOR OOSC**\n\nWhile significant progress has been made towards\nglobal OOSC enrolment targets since 2000,\nUNESCO\u2019s Institute of Statistics (UIS) reports the\ndecline in OOSC figures has slowed since 2005.\nGlobal data from 2014 suggests that 58 million\nchildren between the ages of 6 and 11 years and\n63 million adolescents between the ages of 12\nand 15 years do not have access to education. [2] If\ncurrent trends continue, 43% of OOSC \u2013 15 million\ngirls and 10 million boys \u2013 are likely to never enroll\nin school. [3] Furthermore, **over one-third of the**\n**world\u2019s out-of-school primary aged population**\n**lives in conflict-affected states** . [4] Children affected\nby conflict are more likely to be displaced either in\ntheir home countries or as refugees, which has a\ndirect effect on school attendance and completion.\nRefugee children are not included in global\nstatistics, though UNHCR continues to advocate for\ntheir inclusion.\n\n\nRefugee children have unique educational needs.\nJoint assessments conducted with government\nand education partners will clarify real, rather than\nperceived, reasons refugee children and youth may\nbe out of school, and establish strategic approaches\nto addressing their needs. It is possible to generally\ncalculate refugee participation in educational\nprogramming through enrolment data provided\nby partners, but **it is critical to conduct an**\n**assessment to understand the specific barriers**\n**refugee OOSC face in each displacement**\n**context.**\n\n\nAssessments should be **inclusive** and ensure\nconsideration of all children regardless of age,\ngender, or disability, and should capture a **range**\n**of ages** that include early childhood to tertiary\neducation needs. Assessments should adopt both\n**quantitative and qualitative** methodologies,\nincluding surveys, key informant interviews and\nfocus group discussions. Assessment teams\nshould be comprised of both **men and women**,\nand also include **the refugee community** from\n\n\n2 http://www.unicef.org/education/bege_61659.html.\n\n\n3 http://goo.gl/HgSlIq (2014).\n\n\n\nplanning through results stages. Staff or partners\nconducting assessments should be guided to\nfacilitate discussions that do not raise unrealistic\nexpectations of communities.\n\n#### **Assessment tools**\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 **ProGres:** UNHCR\u2019s registration database\n_proGres_ provides age and gender\ndisaggregated data for registered refugees\nof all ages. It is important that registration\nteams capture educational history (last school\ngrade level completed; highest education\nqualification), and that age-and gendersegregated data is pulled from _proGres_ to\ncalculate possible Net Enrolment Rates (NER),\nGross Enrolment Rates (GER), and the likely\nnumber of over-aged children who require\nprimary school access. Comparing existing\nenrolment data to registration data can also\nprovide a preliminary OOSC estimate.\n\n\n\n4 UNESCO (2015). _EFA Global Monitoring Report: Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges_ . Paris: UNESCO.\n\n\nOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global data", - "confidence": 0.9431265592575073, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.8553785681724548, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9670063257217407, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global\nstatistics", - "confidence": 0.9777845144271851, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8365671038627625, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5868939757347107, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9447782635688782, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enrolment data", - "confidence": 0.8257821202278137, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee children", - "confidence": 0.6184567213058472, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ProGres", - "confidence": 0.5480952262878418, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "age and gender\ndisaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.8472430109977722, - "start": 452, - "end": 457 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "registration database", - "confidence": 0.5910618305206299, - "start": 448, - "end": 450 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.875763475894928, - "start": 445, - "end": 446 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered refugees", - "confidence": 0.9139724969863892, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_proGres_", - "confidence": 0.9681851863861084, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "age and gender\ndisaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.8437756896018982, - "start": 452, - "end": 457 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered refugees", - "confidence": 0.9369665384292603, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_EFA Global Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.6880122423171997, - "start": 545, - "end": 549 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO", - "confidence": 0.9663653373718262, - "start": 540, - "end": 541 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6325658559799194, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9451772570610046, - "start": 542, - "end": 543 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2000-2015", - "confidence": 0.9780334830284119, - "start": 553, - "end": 554 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e8 \u00e8 **\u0007Secondary data review:** Existing assessments\nby UNHCR, sister agencies and partners,\nincluding child protection partners that examine\nthe level of educational participation amongst\nrefugees and host community students, and\nidentify persistent issues, including quality\nissues, related to local or refugee-specific\naccess and retention.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007The **Joint Education Needs Assessments**,\nproduced by the Global Education Cluster,\nconsolidates the information needed to make\nprogrammatic decisions in the early phases of\nan emergency. These assessments may capture\nlimited information on OOSC and may be more\nappropriate for a sudden onset emergency.\nSubsequent in-depth assessments may be\nnecessary.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007The **Child Protection Rapid Assessment**\n**Toolkit** produced by the Global Protection\nCluster captures the linkages between\nprotection concerns and low education\nenrollment and attendance.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007The **Global Out Of School Children Initiative**\n**(OOSCI)** is a partnership between UNICEF\nand UNESCO Institute of Statistics that serves\nto improve data, analysis and create detailed\nOOSC profiles. If UNICEF and UNESCO at\ncountry-level are planning to conduct an **OOSCI**\n**national assessment**, UNHCR should advocate\nfor the inclusion of refugee children.\n\n#### **Programming Interventions to** **Consider for OOSC in Refugee Settings**\n\n\nUsing the assessment outcomes, **specific targeted**\n**interventions should be designed to establish**\n**or increase enrollment of OOSC** in appropriate\neducational programmes, with elements that\nsupport them to stay in school. Interventions should\nrespond to educational access and quality, and\nshould promote safe learning environments.\n\n\nBelow are a **few examples of some common**\n**interventions** . This is not an exhaustive list. It\nis important that interventions are designed\nand contextualized for each individual refugee\ncontext, and are accompanied by sufficient budget\nallocation.\n\n\n#### **Ensuring access to education:** **Advocacy at national level**\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Negotiate with education authorities to waive\nschool fees for national schools, to provide\neducation programmes that accommodate\nthe special needs of refugee OOSC and\nrecognition of prior learning through\nplacement tests.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Establish robust data management systems\nand/or work with national partners to ensure\nthat Education Monitoring Information Systems\n(EMIS) capture education statistics for refugee\nchildren, and establish appropriate funding\nallocations in national education plans for\nregions where refugee populations live.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Advocate for certification of education\nprograms by the Ministry of Education. Children\nand youth need education that is certified,\nproviding opportunities to participate in\nsecondary education and beyond.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Promote the creation of education programs\nfor all ages including early childhood, primary/\nbasic, accelerated, secondary, tertiary, nonformal and adult.\n\n#### **Ensuring access to education at family** **and community levels**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Establish referral mechanisms and/or specialized\nservices such as refugee information networks\nthat provide information about how to access\neducation services.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Launch livelihoods activities for parents,\neducation grants or other sustainable direct\nassistance that may support vulnerable families\nand cover education costs, such as uniforms,\nmaterials or registration fees.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Work with communities to support identification\nof OOSC and monitoring attendance of refugee\nboys, girls, at-risk children and vulnerable\ngroups.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Involve communities in identifying at-risk\nchildren, and facilitate community participation\nin planning, designing, monitoring and\nassessing educational activities.\n\n\n\nOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Needs Assessments**", - "confidence": 0.9843838214874268, - "start": 65, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "agencies", - "confidence": 0.6078834533691406, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Cluster,\nconsolidates", - "confidence": 0.927344560623169, - "start": 75, - "end": 78 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9273806810379028, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community students, and\nidentify", - "confidence": 0.6646044254302979, - "start": 36, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Rapid Assessment*", - "confidence": 0.7849069237709045, - "start": 126, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Cluster,\nconsolidates", - "confidence": 0.7158116698265076, - "start": 75, - "end": 78 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6946245431900024, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Out Of School Children Initiative", - "confidence": 0.5568464398384094, - "start": 161, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "national assessment", - "confidence": 0.6762783527374268, - "start": 217, - "end": 219 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.982426643371582, - "start": 229, - "end": 231 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring Information Systems\n(", - "confidence": 0.9149462580680847, - "start": 438, - "end": 442 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": ")", - "confidence": 0.949311375617981, - "start": 443, - "end": 444 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children,", - "confidence": 0.9811887145042419, - "start": 449, - "end": 451 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Start sensitization activities that respond to\nmisconceptions or information gaps. Examples\ninclude targeted sensitization on girls\u2019\neducation, early marriage or child labor.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Identify education champions who can work\nwith community members of influence such as\nreligious leaders to promote school attendance\nand achievement.\n\n#### **Ensuring education quality and** **protection at school level**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Provide teacher training and professional\nsupport to build basic teaching skills for\nunqualified teachers and amplified skills for\ntrained teachers in areas such as classroom\nmanagement, psychosocial support, or\nlanguage acquisition.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Provide language classes for refugee children,\nand the wider community, especially in contexts\nwhere refugees do not speak the language of\ninstruction.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Establish and monitor participatory teacher\ncodes of conduct, school policies that protect\nchildren from violence or corporal punishment\nin school, and programmes to combat bullying\nand discrimination, including Peace Education\nprogrammes.\n\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Adjust school timetables to accommodate\nrefugee children who might work at home or\nelsewhere.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Maximize existing school infrastructure to meet\npopulation needs by using double, girls-only or\nother appropriate shifts.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Identify mentors and role models who can\nincrease children\u2019s motivation, particularly girls.\nTeachers and staff should be representative\nof the student body, and include women and\nethnic minorities.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Provide Accelerated Education Programmes for\nover-age children who have been out of school\nand need to be placed in a level appropriate to\ntheir age.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Facilitate representation of refugee parents in\nParent Teachers Associations (PTAs) and school\ngovernance bodies.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Establish community support for school\nparticipation, for example by encouraging\ncommunity mechanisms that arrange to\naccompany groups of children to school if\nroutes are considered unsafe.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 \u0007Provide safe learning environments with\nadequate WASH facilities, classroom\ninfrastructure, and teaching and learning\nmaterials.\n\n\n\nOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Cross-Sectoral Issues to Consider**\n\nSchools are places where sectors can converge\nto meet children\u2019s educational needs. Life-saving\ninformation is critical in refugee contexts where\nchildren are at risk of human trafficking, sexual\nexploitation, recruitment into armed groups and\nother forms of abuse and exploitation. Through\npartners, UNHCR staff can ensure such information\nis shared with children, their families and\ncommunities to protect children in fragile contexts.\nLife-saving information communicated in school\ncontexts about landmines, basic health and WASH\npractices such as safe hygiene and hand washing\ncan benefit all refugees.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 **Child Protection** **[5]** **:** psychosocial training\nfor education personnel can better equip\nthem to identify and support children with\nsignificant psychosocial needs. Establishing\nchild protection monitoring mechanisms can\nminimize violence and discrimination against\nchildren in school.\n\n\n5 Child Protection Minimum Standards, standard 20; CP and Education\n\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 **Sexual Gender Based Violence:** SGBV partners\ncan support operations to consider the genderspecific needs of children, such as safe school\nroutes; gender-separated latrines with secure,\nprivate spaces for menstruating girls; Codes of\nConduct that ensure harassment-free zones for\nboth boys and girls; female teachers and role\nmodels.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 **\u0007Health and Nutrition:** health personnel and\nnutrition specialists can share information\non vaccination campaigns and other health\nservices, and health and nutrition education can\nbe integrated into teaching.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u00e8 **\u0007Water, Sanitation, Hygiene:** WASH specialists\ncan ensure that children and youth have access\nto dedicated, clean, gender-separated latrines,\nhand-washing facilities with soap, and safe\ndrinking water.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21d56009-4207-3a77-92d2-4f4341d9d1bf/560be1049.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_104/raw/doc_104_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_104/raw/doc_104_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c28faaf73e40ae33069a49a66aa21928520cab83..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_104/raw/doc_104_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,225 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **WHAT IS CURRICULUM?**\n\nCurriculum in this document refers to the course of\nstudy endorsed, used and examined by the Ministry\nof Education (MoE) in a national education system.\nAccording to UNESCO, _\u2018curriculum\u2019 is a description_\n_of what, why and how students should learn...The_\n_curriculum defines education content, sequencing,_\n_and characteristics of learning experiences,_\n_including methods and resources for teaching and_\n_learning, as well as assessment and examination._ [1]\nCurriculum in many countries is available in a\nnumber of different languages of instruction and is\nintended to be flexible and responsive to regional\nlinguistic, cultural and geographical diversity.\n\n\n**WHAT CURRICULUM CHOICES**\n**ARE AVAILABLE FOR REFUGEES?**\n\n\nThe choice of curriculum in refugee settings\ntypically falls into one of two categories:\n\n\n1 **\u0007Parallel system** - use of Country of Origin\ncurriculum (traditional model)\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Refugees access education in a UNHCR or\npartner-managed refugee camp setting or\nin NGO or refugee community schools and\nfollow their country of origin curriculum\n(examples: Pakistan, Liberia, Tanzania).\n\n\n2 **\u0007Mainstreaming** - use of Country of\nAsylum curriculum (UNHCR Education\npolicy)\n\n\n\u00e0 Refugees are mainstreamed into national\nschools and follow the host country\nnational curriculum (examples: Cameroon,\nLebanon, Iran, Uganda, Yemen).\n\n\n\u00e0 Refugees access education in a UNHCR\nor partner-managed refugee camp setting\nor community schools and follow the host\ncountry national curriculum (examples:\ncamps in Ethiopia, Kenya and Rwanda, or\nMalaysia urban programme).\n\n\n1 Adapted from UNESCO IBE Glossary of Curriculum\n\nTerminology, 2013.\n\n\n### **WHAT IS UNHCR\u2019S POLICY** **ON CURRICULUM IN REFUGEE** **SETTINGS?**\n\n**UNHCR encourages cooperation with national**\n**education authorities for early adoption and/**\n**or transition to use of the country of asylum**\n**curriculum in refugee settings.** Displacement\ndata shows that close to two-thirds of refugees are\ndisplaced for more than five years, and the average\nperiod of displacement is 20 years. The data\nsuggests that in most refugee contexts, education\nservices need to be provided for at least a medium\nterm. Use of country of asylum curriculum provides\naccess to accredited, supervised and accountable\neducation services. It is generally the most\nsustainable and protective option in the medium\nto long term, ensuring safe access to examinations\nand certification, access to teaching and learning\nmaterials, quality assurance and improved access\nto national education services including options to\ncontinue education at higher levels.\n\n\nThere are, without question, certain advantages to\nusing the country of origin curriculum as shown in\nthe chart below. And it is also true that a transition\nto use of country of asylum curriculum requires\na significant investment of time and resources to\nensure that refugee children are able to succeed\nin the host country system. In some countries,\nchanging the curriculum also means changing the\nsystem, including the structure of how schools are\nmanaged and administered. Nevertheless, in most\nscenarios, **the advantages of sustainable, safe**\n**access to accredited certification and services**\n**associated with national systems outweigh**\n**the benefits of using the country of origin**\n**curriculum** .\n\n\n\nCURRICULUM CHOICES IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9930914640426636, - "start": 384, - "end": 386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.717263400554657, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9832483530044556, - "start": 392, - "end": 393 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **THE CHECK-LIST BELOW ELABORATES SOME OF** **THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH CURRICULUM CHOICE:** Country of Origin Curriculum Country of Asylum Curriculum \u00fe [ Familiar language with links to ] \u00fe [ Opens pathway for refugees to ]\n\nhome culture/identity access national schools\n### \u00fe [ Politically acceptable to both refugees ] \u00fe [ Access to examinations and ]\n\nand some host governments accredited certification\n### \u00fe [ Facilitates repatriation] \u00fe [ Quality \u2013 access to curricular materials, ]\n\ndeployment of qualified teachers,\nteacher training, quality assurance\n### \u00fe [ Option when country of asylum policy ] \u00fe [ Monitoring and supervision by MoE ]\n\nbars access to national system for improved accountability\n### \u00fe [ Access to higher levels of education] \u00fe [ Opportunities for social cohesion ]\n\nwith host community\n### \u00fe [ Sustainable investment in ]\n\nenhancement of national capacity\n### \u00fe [ Increased accountability of states ]\n\nto support refugee education\n### \u00fe [ Possibility to access development funding] \u00fd [ No long-term access to ] \u00fd [ Perceived loss of country of origin ]\n\nexaminations and certification language, cultural, religious identity\n### \u00fd [ No access to higher levels of education or ] \u00fd [ Loss of formal literacy in country of ]\n\nemployment due to lack of certification origin language can affect education/\nemployment upon repatriation\n### \u00fd [ No access to curricular materials or ] \u00fd [ Language can be a barrier to successfully ]\n\nprofessional teacher training transition to new medium of instruction\n### \u00fd [ No access to supervision ] \u00fd [ Discrimination and bullying in ]\n\nand quality assurance host community schools\n### \u00fd [ Isolation from host community] \u00fd [ Substantial investment and planning needed to ]\n\nensure successful transition to new curriculum\n### \u00fd [ Long term funding and capacity challenges ]\n\nin sustaining parallel education system\n\n\nCURRICULUM CHOICES IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following sections provide guidance on how to transition\nto country of asylum curriculum in two common scenarios:\n\n### **A) \u0007EMERGENCY REFUGEE INFLUX SETTING**\n\n\n\nIn contexts where the education of refugee children\nand youth has been interrupted, an immediate\ntransition to country of asylum curriculum is\nrecommended as the most sustainable option\nfor the medium term. Three planning steps are\nrecommended.\n\n\n1 **Recognition of certificates:** Engage the\nMoE, UNICEF and UNESCO to establish an\nequivalency mechanism to facilitate transfer of\nacademic achievements attained in the country\nof origin to the host country system. Establish a\nmeans to keep the community informed about\nthe equivalency process so that misinformation\nand worries about transferability during asylum\nand upon return are kept to a minimum.\n\n\n2\n**Facilitate safe access to examinations as a**\n**short term measure only:** In collaboration\nwith UNHCR Protection colleagues, engage\neducation partners, especially UNICEF, both\nin country and across border, to assess the\nfeasibility of having refugee students complete\nthe current school year from their country of\norigin. This includes an assessment of the\navailability of qualified refugee teachers,\nsufficient materials, and safe access to\nexaminations. Enabling students to complete\nthe current school year will provide a sense\nof purpose, continuity and opportunities\nfor refugee students at an early stage in\ndisplacement. This kind of curricula and crossborder support should prioritize students who\nare in their examination years of the country of\norigin. Cross-border examination arrangements\nshould be considered as a short term measure\nonly.\n\n\n\n3\n**Prepare refugee students for country of**\n**asylum schools/curriculum:** In collaboration\nwith UNHCR Protection colleagues, engage the\nMoE, UNICEF and other education partners\nto evaluate the language and other academic\nsupport required for refugee students to\nsucceed when they transition to the asylum\ncountry system. In the event children and\nyouth do not fluently speak and write in the\nasylum country language of instruction, begin\nlanguage classes as soon as possible. Encourage\neducation partners to provide targeted support\nfor subject matter that will enhance school\nsuccess in the asylum country system.\n\n\nIf the MoE agrees to inclusion of refugees into\nthe national system, and if refugees are located\nin camps, settlements or urban areas near host\ncommunity schools, advocate with the local\nschools to allow children at the appropriate\nages to enrol directly into the national schools.\nAdvocate with school management for the\npresence of a native speaker volunteer in the\nclassroom if language support is needed. In\naddition, work with partners to identify capacity\nneeds of national schools, including school\ninfrastructure, material provision, language\nsupport and teacher training. Orientation and\ntraining for both national and refugee teachers\nand students is recommended to facilitate\nsuccessful inclusion of refugees in national\nschools. From an advocacy perspective, if\nappropriate, focus on the additional funding that\nwill be invested in national systems rather than in\nparallel ones for refugees only.\n\n\nFor over-aged children, consider tailored\nsupport for eventual inclusion into formal\neducation, including accelerated education\nprogrammes.\n\n\n\n\n\nCURRICULUM CHOICES IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONTEXT**\n\nFor over ten years, more than 80,000 Sudanese refugee children\nand youth from Darfur followed the Sudanese curriculum in schools\nrun by NGOs in twelve refugee camps in Eastern Chad. Although the\napproach of using the Sudanese curriculum seemed like the most\nlogical approach in 2003 when the camps were established, time\nproved that it was no longer the most efficient or sustainable for\n2012 and beyond. Given the on-going conflict in Darfur, refugees\nwould not likely be repatriating in the foreseeable future. Refugee\nteachers did not have access to qualified teacher training, materials\nwere expensive and difficult to procure, and access to examinations\nwas problematic, leading to many protection and financial concerns.\nIn addition, UNHCR was unable to tap into development funding for\neducation, nor to benefit from the deployment of qualified teachers,\ntraining or the distribution of materials by the MoE. The lack of\nquality control and proper oversight of education delivered in the\ncamps resulted in a parallel education system offering questionable\nquality education that was effectively isolated from the services and\nresources available in Chad.\n\nThis situation described above was exacerbated by severe funding\ncuts to the Chad refugee operation given new global emergencies,\nresulting in rapidly declining basic standards in humanitarian\nassistance. UNHCR Chad thus had to review its strategy and\nexamine more innovative approaches of engaging the national\nsystem, development partners, and the refugee community in\nmeeting protection needs. For the education sector, this meant\nassessing how to harmonize refugee education in the East with\nthe national system, as was already the case for refugees from the\nCentral African Republic (CAR) in the South. Fortunately, Chad has\na bilingual curriculum (French/Arabic), which meant that students\ncould continue learning in Arabic.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES**\n\nBut change is difficult: After more than ten years of an entrenched\nparallel education system, the challenges confronting UNHCR were\nmany. How would refugees transition from an Anglophone to a\nFrancophone education system? How would equivalency between\nthe two systems be established? How would refugees react to\nthe Chadian system which did not include Islamic studies as the\nSudanese system, or their history and geography? What resources\nwould be required to implement a transition? And how would the\n\n\n\nto conduct a participatory assessment in all of the twelve camps.\nThe assessment, conducted in June 2012, consulted refugees\non a possible transition and allowed them to voice some of their\nconcerns. It also addressed questions related to the prioritization of\neducation needs and the capacity of the refugee community. The\nassessment highlighted mixed sentiments regarding a transition,\nwith refugees in some camps favouring a transition, while refugees\nin other camps noted concerns related to certification, education\nquality, a loss of national identity, culture and religion. With the\nassessment report serving as the basis for further discussion,\nUNHCR held a series of formal and informal meetings with the\nMoE, CNARR \u2013 the entity responsible for refugees, UNICEF, UNESCO\nand education partners to present the assessment results, build\nconsensus around a transition and outline the necessary modalities.\nIn support of transition, UNHCR enrolled 167 refugee teachers from\nprimary schools into a professional teacher training programme\nin December 2012. This pool of teachers would later become key\nresources in schools during the transition.\n\nIn May 2013, a workshop co-led by the MoE, UNICEF and UNHCR\nwas held with key stakeholders to elaborate an implementation\nplan for the transition. The workshop included experts from the\nvarious departments of the MoE, including those responsible\nfor teacher training, textbooks and curriculum development.\nWorking groups explored key questions surrounding equivalency,\nexaminations, teachers, school management and structure,\nintegration into national schools, sensitization and materials,\namongst others. The workshop resulted in an Action Plan including\na two-year timeline with key activities and key actors responsible.\nA Working Group was also established to ensure that the Action\nPlan was monitored on a regular basis, and that any issues were\naddressed. In April 2014, a roving team led by the MoE held\nsensitization sessions in each of the twelve camps. In addition,\nUNHCR, UNICEF and UNESCO drafted a joint note outlining the\ntransition, which was subsequently shared with the Sudanese\nauthorities in 2014.\n\nIn October 2014, the transition from the Sudanese to the Chadian\ncurriculum was officially rolled out. Although there was some\nresistance initially from refugees in certain camps, UNHCR and its\npartners continued to work with the refugee community to manage\nexpectations and ensure that education standards were met, and\nthe curriculum transition has been successfully carried out with\nprogrammes running smoothly.\n\n\n##### **RECOMMENDATIONS** **IN CURRICULUM** **TRANSITION**\n\n\n\nKey elements in the successful curriculum transition include the importance\nof cultivating strong partnerships early on, especially with the MoE;\ndetailed planning and resource allocation, and continuous sensitization and\ncoordination with all stakeholders, particularly with the refugee community.\n\n\n\nCURRICULUM CHOICES IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory assessment", - "confidence": 0.926405668258667, - "start": 419, - "end": 421 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "consulted refugees\non a possible transition", - "confidence": 0.6019074320793152, - "start": 436, - "end": 442 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5472105741500854, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "twelve camps", - "confidence": 0.8313792943954468, - "start": 425, - "end": 427 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "June 2012", - "confidence": 0.5476139783859253, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9826237559318542, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment report", - "confidence": 0.9659283757209778, - "start": 515, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7698902487754822, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **B) \u0007PROTRACTED REFUGEE SETTINGS**\n\nIf refugees in your operation are likely to be, or\nhave been, displaced for five years or more, an\nassessment should be undertaken to determine\nwhich curriculum and education system is most\nsuited to medium and longer-term needs.\nConsiderations should include the quality of\neducation available, materials, financial and human\nresources, and access to examinations. In most\ncases of protracted displacement, a transition to use\nof country of asylum curriculum is recommended as\nthe most sustainable, cost-effective option.\n\n\nCurriculum transition is a challenging process\nrequiring significant dedication of time and\nresources. Refugee families often resist the\nswitch to country of asylum curriculum, which\ncan be perceived as a threat to language, history\nand identity for their children and communities.\nConsensus on the decision to transition to country\nof asylum curriculum must be built with national\neducation authorities and other education actors,\nand key technical components of curricular\ntransition need to be considered and addressed.\nGuiding principles and key steps towards curriculum\ntransition are outlined below:\n\n\n**GUIDING PRINCIPLES**\n\n\nThroughout the curriculum transition process,\nensure a consultative, participatory process\nthrough:\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Strong partnership with the MoE,\nrelevant national authorities, UNICEF and\nUNESCO;\n\n\n\u00e0 Transparent and continuous engagement\nwith the refugee community including\nconsultation, advocacy and clear role in\nthe decision making process; ensure that\ninvolvement of the refugee community\nextends to a broad range of stakeholders,\nrather than limiting representation to\nrefugee leaders;\n\n\n\u00e0 Regular consultation and communication\nwith key refugee education stakeholders\nand partners.\n\n\n#### **Key steps:**\n\n1 **Assess needs:** This could include review of\ncurrent education data, key challenges in\neducation services, strategic priorities and\npolicy directions for the operation as a whole\nand education specifically, or survey of refugee\ncommunity attitudes and needs regarding a\nchange in curriculum. A needs assessment\nshould also consider the most feasible durable\nsolutions in the short and longer term, including\nresource availability for education over the next\nfive to ten years.\n\n\n2 **Open dialogue with stakeholders:** Initiate\ndialogue on the pros and cons of curriculum\ntransition with key education stakeholders\nincluding the MoE, curriculum development\ninstitutions, education partners (UNICEF,\nUNESCO and NGOs), and refugees. A range\nof meetings with individuals and groups can be\nused at this stage. Use of a SWOT (Strengths,\nWeaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis\nwith partners may also be of use.\n\n\n3 **Build consensus:** Develop a document or\nconcept note outlining the rationale for\ncurriculum transition, including a response to\nanticipated counter-arguments \u2013 Who is likely\nto benefit and lose as a result of a transition?\nWho could be potential champions? How\ncan concerns associated with a transition\nbe addressed? Use this document to guide\nadvocacy and consensus-building around\nthe decision. A series of meetings with MoE,\nUNICEF, UNESCO, education partners and\nrefugee community representatives are\nnecessary. Bear in mind that curriculum can\nbe a very emotional and political issue for\nrefugee communities and national partners;\nyour task is to clearly outline the pros and cons\nof the proposed curriculum transition to move\nstakeholders towards a well-informed choice.\nThis part of the process requires significant\ninvestment in relationship building with all key\nstakeholders and can be very time consuming\nand sometimes discouraging. Persistence and\npatience is needed to finally reach a general\nagreement from stakeholders to move forward.\n\n\n\nCURRICULUM CHOICES IN REFUGEE SETTINGS **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8786939382553101, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8693272471427917, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current education data", - "confidence": 0.7358484864234924, - "start": 314, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee community", - "confidence": 0.9093127250671387, - "start": 239, - "end": 241 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n**Develop an implementation plan, timeline**\n**and budget:** Hold a consultative workshop with\nrepresentatives from all stakeholders, including the\nrefugee community, to develop an implementation\nplan. Ideally the planning workshop should be\nco-hosted by the MoE, UNICEF, UNESCO and\nUNHCR. The planning meeting should break\ndown implementation of the curriculum transition\ninto key stages with activities and an expected\ntimeline. A budget should also be developed,\nwith agreement from partners on cost-sharing\noptions. Working groups may need to be formed\nto assess needs and develop recommendations\nand detailed workplans around some of the more\ncomplex issues listed below:\n\n\n**a.** **Sensitization of the refugee communit** y to\ngenerate buy-in and support for the transition and\nto dispel any misinformation circulating;\n\n\n**b.** **Establishing equivalence** between the curriculum\nin use and the country of asylum curriculum to\ndetermine placement/levels and facilitate crossborder recognition of certificates in case of\nrepatriation;\n\n\n**c.** **\u0007Language support** for students and teachers\nif the curriculum transition includes a different\nlanguage;\n\n\n**d.** **Managing teachers:** Recruitment and/or\ndeployment of **national teachers** to fill any\ncapacity gaps and to guide the transition at school\nlevel. Head teacher and teacher training for\n**refugee teachers** who will be implementing the\nnew curriculum;\n\n\n**e.** **Mapping opportunities to integrate** refugees\ninto national schools surrounding refugee camps,\nparticularly secondary schools. Likewise, consider\nhost community needs and the integration of\nhost community children into schools in refugee\ncamps; assessment of support needed to enable\nschools to include refugees, and negotiations\n\n\n\nwith local authorities on how best to invest\navailable emergency funding for school support\nin infrastructure, materials, etc. while encouraging\nauthorities to ensure teacher support as the most\nimportant component for long term sustainability;\n\n\n**f.** **Seeking flexible solutions** for refugees to\ncontinue learning their country of origin\nlanguage if possible, and provide additional\nbridging classes or a bridging period that uses a\ncombination of language/curricula to transition\nteachers and learners to the new system. Also\nconsider any additional subjects which refugees\nstill want to continue learning from their country\nof origin curriculum, such as history, geography\nor religious classes. This can be organized by the\ncommunity in the form of after school classes;\n\n\n**g.** **\u0007Integrating refugee education into national**\n**education** development plans and structures;\n\n\n**h.** **Budget** for the additional, up-front investments\nrequired for a successful transition to country\nof asylum curriculum, such as language classes,\ntextbooks, teacher guides and training. Ensure\nthat accurate costing is reflected in UNHCR\nannual plans and budget allocation, and that costsharing options are agreed upon with partners;\n\n\n**i.** **Anticipating possible negative effects and**\n**solutions** to problems like drop-out triggered by\nthe transition, hostile reaction from the refugee\ncommunity, etc.\n\n\n5 **Agree on leadership and responsibilities:** Ensure\nthat the implementation plan is followed up by\nspecific focal points and is regularly monitored by a\nworking group, or a particular agency \u2013 preferably\nthe MoE. Include refugee representatives in\nmonitoring the process. Ensure that roles and\nresponsibilities are clear to ensure smooth roll out.\nFinally, be sure to update all stakeholders on a\nregular basis. Communication is key!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a476c47-7ef6-3f27-8f70-cb4199f1349e/560be1209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_105/raw/doc_105_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_105/raw/doc_105_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 994ef9be63ce7904238b49c8493d2ce7f8e2be43..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_105/raw/doc_105_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/747af36d-cbe4-3674-9e07-d79a81aa9676/560be1493.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DOES THE NATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ALLOW**\n**REFUGEE CHILDREN ACCESS TO THE NATIONAL SCHOOL SYSTEM?**\n\n\n**NO**\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Begin or continue advocacy with national Ministry of Education** and government refugee authorities on\nthe importance of inclusion of children in national systems with emphasis on: international obligations (1951\nRefugee Convention, CRC, SDGs) and potential benefits for national systems (enhancement of national\ncapacity through construction of classrooms, etc.). Highlight the long term challenges of unregulated\nparallel services, including an analysis of the longer-term costs and protection implications;\n\n\u00e8 **Engage advocacy and other support from UNICEF, UNESCO and other education and development**\n**partners;**\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Advocate for access to national examinations** to allow certification of refugee learners, at a minimum.\n\n\u00e8 **Align curriculum, examinations and school systems as closely as possible with the national education**\n**system** where NGO or community-based schools for refugees are necessary, either because refugees are\nexcluded from national schools or because national schools are not available. This alignment paves the way\nfor inclusion in the national system, and also opens the door for official registration and engagement with\nthe Ministry of Education.\n\n\n**YES**\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Plan mainstreaming in close collaboration** with the Ministry of Education at national and local levels, the\ngovernment department of refugee affairs, UNICEF, UNESCO and other relevant partners. Consider the\nfollowing planning suggestions:\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Assess national capacity:** Map national schools that are physically accessible to refugee community \u2013 is\ncapacity adequate to absorb refugee children or are schools already full or overcrowded? If so, at what\nlevels?\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Enhance national system and school capacity to mainstream refugees:**\n\n\u00e0 **Establish system to recognize certification and assess/place refugee students** by academic level\n(avoid placing students in lower levels due to language barrier);\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Establish double shift system or construct classrooms** to increase school capacity;\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Train national teachers** on refugee background and protection needs, including strategies to address\nacademic, linguistic, psychosocial, and social cohesion issues;\n\n\u00e0 **Place refugee teachers/teaching assistants in classrooms** to support with language/translation\nneeds;\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Train school administrators** on refugee education policy, documentation waivers, certification,\nplacement, systems to liaise with refugee parents and community;\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Orient school community (teachers, students, parents)** on refugee background and policies,\npotential benefits of refugee inclusion, and how they can help to support inclusion of refugee learners;\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Promote programmes** that support both national teachers and students, as well as refugee children\nand families \u2013 this could include ongoing training for teachers, academic/language support for\nrefugees, parent meetings, youth and sports clubs;\n\n\u00e0 **Establish mechanisms**, including SOPs, with communities and school administration to address schoolrelated protection issues as they emerge, always safeguarding confidentiality.\n\n\nMAINSTREAMING REFUGEES IN NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/747af36d-cbe4-3674-9e07-d79a81aa9676/560be1493.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e8 **\u0007Prepare refugee children and adolescents for mainstreaming in national schools:**\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Assess refugee concerns** associated with mainstreaming in national schools through a participatory\nassessment and other forms of engagement with communities. Findings should inform planning for\ninclusion. Analyse the \u201cwinners and losers\u201d of mainstreaming \u2013 who will benefit and who will not? How\ncan planning address the needs of both groups?\n\n\u00e0 **\u0007Assess language needs and begin or continue language classes** as soon as possible;\n\n\u00e0 **Orient students** on new curriculum, classroom culture, expectations and social cohesion;\n\n\u00e0 **Orient parents and community** on education system requirements, legal obligations, documentation\npolicies for admissions, certification, academic concerns, school liaison systems, etc.\n\n\u00e0 **Ensure language, academic and protection support** is readily available to students and parents\nthroughout transition;\n\n\u00e0 **Ensure that transport, fees and associated schooling costs** are not barriers to access.\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Encourage cost-sharing and technical support to national partners:** Engage MoE, government refugee\nauthorities, UNICEF, UNESCO and other development partners to provide technical and financial resources\nto support the mainstreaming of refugees; ensure that refugee education is accounted for in national\neducation sector plans;\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Planning and resource allocation:** Ensure that costs associated with mainstreaming are included in countrylevel refugee education strategies as well as operational planning; also work towards inclusion of refugee\neducation in district and national education sector planning as well as other relevant planning frameworks\nsuch as UNDAF;\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Monitor:** In collaboration with MoE, establish a system to track refugee student and teacher needs to\nensure successful inclusion and transition, as well as general enrolment, attendance and completion data.\nPeriodically assess barriers that out-of-school children face and try to address them through programming;\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Anticipate repatriation:** Where feasible, promote cross-border recognition of certificates as well as refugee\naccess to additional subjects (country of origin language, culture, history, etc) in preparation for repatriation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/747af36d-cbe4-3674-9e07-d79a81aa9676/560be1493.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_106/raw/doc_106_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_106/raw/doc_106_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index defca8783b0cd143a02fe3b64dc86fa74d0a79aa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_106/raw/doc_106_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### \u00fc SAFETY AND PROTECTION FOR\n\n**REFUGEE CHILDREN:**\n\n\nThe presence of untrained, stressed teachers leads\nto poor scholastic outcomes and may also present\nprotection risks in schools. However, teachers with\nclear roles and responsibilities outlined in a code\nof conduct, training and supportive supervision\ncan ensure that schools are safe, protective spaces\nwhere children can regain a sense of normalcy\nfollowing the trauma of displacement. Trained\nteachers can also ensure that children acquire lifesaving knowledge and skills like disease prevention\nand self-protection from environmental risks,\nincluding sexual and gender-based violence.\n\n#### \u00fc [LEARNING FOR REFUGEE CHILDREN:]\n\nIn many refugee settings untrained teachers are\nworking in complex classrooms made up of large\nnumbers of mixed age and ability learners with\nvaried psychosocial needs. Teachers need strong\nsupport if children are to gain basic literacy and\nnumeracy skills required for them to successfully\ncomplete primary education and transition to\nsecondary school.\n\n#### \u00fc PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR\n\n**REFUGEE TEACHERS:**\n\n\nInvestment in refugee teachers as professionals and\nas learners is an investment in durable solutions.\nRefugee teachers develop on the job professional\nexperience and skills as teachers, which builds\nhuman capital for both themselves and students\nand lays the foundation for long-term solutions for\nrefugee communities.\n\n\n### **PLANNING FOR REFUGEE** **TEACHERS IN 4 STEPS**\n\n1 **ASSESS NEEDS:** Track and accurately\nbudget for your teacher supply.\n\n2 **RECRUIT:** Standardize and harmonize teacher\nrecruitment and management policies.\n\n3 **TRAIN:** Ensure that all teachers have access\nto orientation, training and ongoing in-service\nsupport according to their needs.\n\n4 **MOTIVATE:** Find ways to support, motivate\nand reward teachers.\n\n##### 1 **ASSESS NEEDS: Track and accurately** **budget for your teacher supply.**\n\n\nIn order to ensure that children have sufficient\nnumbers of quality teachers in their classrooms,\nyou need to accurately track exactly how many\nteachers you have, how many you need now\nand next year, and how much it will cost to pay\nand train them. Although there may be several\nimplementing partners recruiting and managing\nteachers, it\u2019s important to ensure accurate,\ncentralized basic teacher data so that **UNHCR**\n**and partners can ensure sufficient numbers**\n**of teachers are available and that adequate**\n**funds to pay AND train them are factored into**\n**budget allocations.**\n\n\n**KEY QUESTIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Do you currently have sufficient numbers of\nteachers to meet nationally acceptable teacherpupil ratios? How many more teachers do you\nneed?\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007How many more new teachers will you need\nnext year taking projected increases in\nenrolment into account?\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007In which grades is your teacher shortage\nmost acute (or which grades have the highest\nteacher-pupil ratio)?\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007What is your average teacher turnover (on\naverage how many teachers leave per term)?\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007What kinds of teachers do you need most (female\nteachers and qualified teachers for example)?\nHow and where can you get more of them?\n\n\n\nREFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Maintain updated, disaggregated**\n**teacher data.** In your education information\nmanagement system including: number\nof teachers by level (ECD, primary, ABE,\nsecondary), by sex (male and female), by\nqualification (qualified or unqualified), by\nstatus (refugee or national). Also track average\nnumbers of teachers who leave each term. For\nprimary, also include numbers of teachers per\ngrade or by lower and upper primary.\n\n\u00e8 **Calculate teacher pupil ratio by grade**\n**OR by lower primary and upper primary.**\nCalculating teacher pupil ratios for primary can\nbe deceptive because enrolment rates tend to\nbe uneven, with large numbers of children in\nlower primary and decreasing numbers in upper\nprimary. For a more accurate picture of teacher\npupil ratios and to identify where teacher\nshortage are acute, ensure ratios are calculated\nper grade or by lower and upper primary.\n\n\u00e8 **Use teacher data to budget costs of paying**\n**teachers AND training them.** All teachers,\nwhether they are qualified or not need\norientation and training on code of conduct,\ntheir responsibilities and how to manage\ncomplex, refugee classrooms. Unqualified,\ninexperienced teachers require additional\nperiodic training and support to become\neffective teachers. Ensure accurate projections\nfor teacher compensation and training are\nreflected in annual plans and budgets.\n\n##### 2 **RECRUIT: Standardize and** **harmonize teacher recruitment and** **management policies.**\n\n\nIn camp settings, where education services are\nprovided outside of the policy framework of a\nnational Ministry of Education, it\u2019s essential that\nUNHCR and all partners recruiting, managing\nand training teachers come together to establish\ncommon, standardized teacher policies and\npractices. When teacher policies are mixed and\ndetermined by individual agencies, there is a\nlack of accountability amongst both teachers and\npartners, migration of teachers from one agency\nto another and dissatisfaction and confusion\namongst teachers. Lack of transparency on teacher\npolicies, particularly compensation, can result in\n\n\n\nharmful tensions between refugee and national\nteachers. **Use Implementing Partner agreements**\n**and coordination mechanisms to ensure that**\n**partners use standardized, harmonized teacher**\n**management policies and practices.**\n\n\n**KEY QUESTIONS**\n\n\u00e8 Are standardized, harmonized teacher\nmanagement policies and practices in use by all\npartners?\n\n\n\u00e8 Are incentive and national teacher salary scales\nand other forms of compensation harmonized\namongst implementing partners?\n\n\n\u00e8 Are these systems and policies transparent and\nclearly understood by teachers, schools and\ncommunity members?\n\n\n\u00e8 What options exist to strengthen capacity for\nschool-based teacher management?\n\n\n**PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Ensure that all agencies working with**\n**teachers use standard, common teacher**\n**policies and practices** including:\n\n\u00e0 Common teacher recruitment criteria and\nprocess\n\n\n\u00e0 Common teacher terms of reference/\njob description which outlines role and\nresponsibilities, compensation, hours of\nservice, leave terms, etc.\n\n\n\u00e0 Common teacher code of conduct with\nmonitoring mechanisms and protocols\nto address violation of the teacher code,\nincluding confidential mechanisms for\nstudents and families to report problems\nwith teachers\n\n\n\u00e0 Common performance evaluation and\nsharing of results between education actors\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Ensure that teacher compensation is**\n**harmonized between all agencies.** Also\nadvocate for incentive increments that reflect\nthe level of skill required for teachers and\nto recognize higher levels of skill amongst\nqualified and/or experienced teachers.\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Ensure that teacher recruitment criteria and**\n**processes, terms of employment and compen-**\n**sation are transparent and clear to teachers.**\nThis is especially important where refugee teachers and national teachers are paid differently on\nthe basis of legal status and the right to work.\n\n\n\nREFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "teacher data", - "confidence": 0.9983189702033997, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "teachers", - "confidence": 0.8114699721336365, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "teacher data", - "confidence": 0.9970502853393555, - "start": 188, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "teachers", - "confidence": 0.6013014316558838, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 3 **\u0007TRAIN: Ensure that all teachers** **have access to orientation, training** **and ongoing in-service support** **according to their needs.**\n\nIn situations that necessitate the recruitment of\nunqualified, inexperienced refugee teachers,\ncommitment to building teachers\u2019 capacity to\nkeep children safe and help them learn in school is\ncritical. Teacher training is a technical area requiring\nexpertise, so reaching out to national partners\nto ensure quality professional development is\nrecommended. **Use these two basic standards**\n**to plan teacher training (remembering that**\n**untrained teachers are a protection risk):**\n\n\n1\n**All newly recruited, unqualified teachers**\n**have access to training in basic teacher**\n**competencies within the first three months of**\n**recruitment.**\n\n\n2\n**All teachers have access to an initial**\n**induction, periodic training and school-based,**\n**in-service support to develop their teaching**\n**practice.**\n\n\n\n**KEY QUESTIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 What is the profile of teachers\u2019 levels of\neducation? Or what proportion of teachers are\nqualified, unqualified but with higher education\ndegrees, secondary leavers, primary leavers?\n\n\n\u00e8 Do all partners use a standard initial training\npack for all new teachers covering these\nfoundational topics: teachers\u2019 role and\nresponsibility; child protection; subject\nknowledge and curriculum; pedagogy?\n\n\n\u00e8 What options for teacher development other\nthan short workshops exist?\n\n\n\u00e8 Which national teacher education partners\nmight be able to provide technical support to\ntrain refugee teachers (MoE, Teacher Training\nColleges, Universities, UNICEF, local and/or\ninternational NGOs etc.)?\n\n\n**PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Assess teachers\u2019 professional development**\n**needs and plan initial induction trainings**\n**according to these needs.** Use data on\nteachers\u2019 level of education and experience\nto plan trainings. Experienced, well qualified\nteachers may only require induction on their\n\n\n\nREFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "of teachers\u2019 levels of\neducation?", - "confidence": 0.6436368227005005, - "start": 220, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "teachers (", - "confidence": 0.6910508275032043, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "roles and responsibilities and child protection\nin refugee settings, while unqualified teachers\nwill need a comprehensive basic training to\nget them started. Teachers with low levels of\neducation will need special support to build\nbasic content knowledge and skills in literacy,\nmathematics and science. National teachers\nneed induction on the background and rights of\nrefugee learners and preparation for challenges\nthey may encounter including language and\npsychosocial issues.\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Ensure that every new, unqualified teacher**\n**is provided with a common, basic training.**\nDevelop a standard teacher training pack for\nall unqualified teachers which all partners use,\nwhich provides coverage of the most basic\nand essential knowledge, attitudes and skills\nrequired. The pack should cover key competencies in teachers\u2019 role and responsibilities,\nchild protection and well-being, curriculum and\nsubject knowledge and pedagogy.\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Use diverse strategies to continue to build**\n**teachers\u2019 capacity.** Explore methods to support\nschool-based teacher development which could\ninclude: teacher observation, collaborative\nlesson planning, action research. Pedagogical\nadvisors, qualified national teachers and/or\nexperienced or qualified refugee teachers can\nbe used to support school-based development.\n\n\n##### 4 MOTIVATE: **Find ways to support,** **motivate and reward teachers.**\n\nIn many refugee settings, high rates of teacher\nturnover cause destabilization of the teacher supply\nand leakage of investment in teacher training. Low\ncompensation or \u201cincentive\u201d pay combined with\nthe strenuous workload of teaching large groups\nof complex learners contribute to high teacher\nturnover. Teacher motivation however, does not rely\non compensation alone. **While efforts to increase**\n**or provide increments in teacher incentive pay**\n**should be pursued, other measures to help**\n**teachers feel like respected professionals,**\n**participate in decision making, improve working**\n**conditions and support substantial professional**\n**development and certification for refugee**\n**teachers can also contribute to the motivation,**\n**quality and professionalism of the teaching force.**\n\n\n**KEY QUESTIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 What options are available to improve working\nconditions for teachers?\n\n\n\u00e8 What options are available to engage teacher\nparticipation in decision making?\n\n\n\u00e8 Who are potential partners at national level\nwith whom to open dialogue on large-scale, inservice teacher training with options to progress\ntowards qualification?\n\n\n\nREFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Improve working conditions.** Efforts to\nimprove working conditions should be part\nof broader education sector plans, and could\ninclude: provision of teacher furniture and\nteacher packs (basic teaching supplies provided\neach term); provision of teachers guides and\ntexts; use of teaching assistants; use of twoschools-in-one to relieve congestion, etc.\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Engage and involve teachers.** Engaging\nteachers\u2019 participation in education programme\nplanning and implementation brings them in as\nproblem solving partners rather than viewing\nthem as part of a problem. Invite teacher\nrepresentatives to coordination and planning\nmeetings and consult them on a regular basis\nfor feedback and planning purposes.\n\n\n\u00e8 **\u0007Widen access to teacher qualifications**\n**through negotiation with MoE and/or**\n**universities.** Consider the following options as\nexamples of what might be possible:\n\n\n\u00e0 Increased numbers of scholarships to\nteacher training institutions\n\n\n\u00e0 Negotiations with MoE or universities to\nopen teacher training facilities on-site,\nthrough distance learning or mobile units\n\n\n\u00e0 Negotiations with MoE or universities to\nallow for stackable credit for on-site, short\nterm training or courses which can lead to\nqualification\n\n\n\n**NATIONAL TEACHERS IN REFUGEE SETTINGS**\n\n\nNational teachers can be excellent resources\nin refuge settings. Typically they are university\ngraduates or qualified teachers, and bring\ngood knowledge of the national curriculum\nand education system. They can serve\nas leaders in schools, build capacity of\nunqualified refugee teachers and provide a\nmuch needed boost to quality teaching and\nlearning. However, national teachers face\nmany challenges working in refugee settings\nand also require support. Recommended\nactions include:\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Provide systematic orientation, mentorship\nand support in isolated camp settings with\ntough working conditions\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Ensure accommodation for teachers\nserving in remote camp locations\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Provide training to respond to\npsychosocial issues and academically,\nlinguistically and culturally diverse\nclassrooms\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Promote links with refugee teachers\nor community members to facilitate\nunderstanding of refugee communities\u2019\neducational background, displacement\nexperience and assist with language,\nculture, religion\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Provide training for teachers working\nwith mixed groups of refugees and host\ncommunity children to promote tolerance\nand address discrimination\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT**\n\n##### **Checklist**\n\n1 **\u0007ASSESS NEEDS: TRACK AND ACCURATELY**\n**BUDGET FOR YOUR TEACHER SUPPLY.**\n\n#### \u00fc Teacher data disaggregated by level (ECD,\n\nPrimary etc); gender; qualification; status\n(refugee or national); per grade or upper/lower\nPrimary available\n\n#### \u00fc Data on teacher turnover rate available \u00fc Accurate projections of numbers of teachers\n\nrequired to meet acceptable teacher-pupil\nratios for this year and next year available and\nreflected in annual plans\n\n#### \u00fc Annual plans include budget for compensation\n\nAND training of unqualified teachers\n\n\n2 **\u0007RECRUIT: STANDARDIZE AND HARMONIZE**\n**TEACHER RECRUITMENT AND MANAGEMENT**\n**POLICIES.**\n\n#### \u00fc All partners use standardized, common teacher\n\npolicies and practices including:\n\n\n\u00e0 Teacher recruitment criteria and process\n\n\n\u00e0 Teacher terms of reference\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Teacher code of conduct with monitoring\nmechanisms and protocols to respond to\nviolations\n\n#### \u00fc Teacher compensation is harmonized amongst\n\nall partners\n#### \u00fc Teacher recruitment, terms of employment and\n\ncompensation policies are transparent and clear\nto all teachers\n\n\n\n3 **\u0007TRAIN: ENSURE THAT ALL TEACHERS HAVE**\n**ACCESS TO ORIENTATION, TRAINING AND**\n**ONGOING IN-SERVICE SUPPORT ACCORDING**\n**TO THEIR NEEDS.**\n\n#### \u00fc Data on teachers\u2019 educational background and\n\nteaching qualification and experience available\n\n#### \u00fc All newly recruited, unqualified refugee teachers\n\nare trained in basic teacher competencies within\nfirst three months of recruitment\n\n#### \u00fc All national and qualified teachers are oriented\n\nto and trained on specific issues in refugee\nsettings\n\n#### \u00fc All teachers have on-going in-service support\n\nand periodic training is coordinated and\nplanned as needed\n\n\n4 **\u0007MOTIVATE: FIND WAYS TO SUPPORT,**\n**MOTIVATE AND REWARD TEACHERS.**\n\n#### \u00fc Working conditions for teachers are improved \u00fc Opportunities for teachers to participate in\n\ndecision making and planning available\n\n\n\u00e8 Opportunities for teacher qualification and\ncertification with national training institutes or\nuniversities negotiated\n\n\n\nREFUGEE TEACHER MANAGEMENT **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated by", - "confidence": 0.8253830671310425, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "to", - "confidence": 0.5151188969612122, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "teacher turnover rate available \u00fc", - "confidence": 0.6612922549247742, - "start": 85, - "end": 90 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e769b1a-6ce8-3ed2-b390-34858d22c07a/560be1629.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_107/raw/doc_107_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_107/raw/doc_107_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d8f48c7c1b47ec010928892d92ad91227bf0d8c5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_107/raw/doc_107_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DOES UNHCR SUPPORT**\n**SECONDARY EDUCATION**\n**FOR REFUGEES?**\n\n\nYes, absolutely. Active promotion of and\nprogramming for secondary education is in line with\nobjective 3 of UNHCR\u2019s Education Strategy (20122016), to \u201cImprove access to formal secondary\neducation opportunities for refugee young people\u201d.\nThis objective also aligns with the global Sustainable\nDevelopment Goal target 4.1: \u201cBy 2030, ensure\nthat all girls and boys complete free, equitable and\nquality primary and _secondary education_ leading to\nrelevant and effective learning outcomes.\u201d\n\n\nSince the needs of forcibly displaced adolescents\nand youth vary, formal **secondary education**\n**should be considered as one element of a range**\n**of education options that should be available**\n**to meet the needs of refugee adolescents**\n**and youth** . Secondary education offers a critical\nopportunity for young people to complete formal\neducation; however, other programmes should\nalso be considered, depending on the profile of\nthe out-of-school adolescent population and in\nconsideration of their future prospects. A range\nof education programmes, designed in close\nconsultation with refugee adolescents and youth,\nmight include:\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007accelerated education (AE) for adolescents who\nhave dropped out or who have never been to\nschool\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007relevant technical and vocational training\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007basic literacy and life skills courses\n\n\n\n**WHY DOES SECONDARY**\n**EDUCATION MATTER FOR REFUGEE**\n**ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH?**\n\n\nSecondary education for refugees provides a\ncritical bridge from primary education to higher\neducation and professional or vocational training,\ncontributing to the development of human\ncapital of refugee communities, self-reliance and\nsolutions. It\u2019s an essential step in ensuring that\nyoung refugees have the foundation for increased\nearning power and the skills to rebuild their\ncommunities. In addition:\n\n\n\u00e8 **Secondary education is fundamentally**\n**protective, especially for girls.** Without access\nto secondary education, refugee adolescents\nare vulnerable to child labour, exploitation\nand the negative coping behaviours (drugs,\npetty crime, etc.) associated with idle time and\nhopelessness. In some contexts out of school\nboys are especially vulnerable to recruitment\nto armed groups. The opportunity for girls to\ncontinue education can protect them from early\nmarriage and/or pregnancy and risks of sexual\nexploitation. Secondary education provides\na safe space for personal development and\npositive social networks for adolescents whose\ntransition to adulthood has been disrupted by\ninstability and violence.\n\n\n\u00e8 Secondary school is a **critical step in the**\n**education continuum to livelihoods and**\n**professional training and higher education**\noptions for young people, contributing to\ndurable solutions. Successful completion of\nsecondary education provides a competitive\nand eligible pool of candidates for tertiary\neducation and scholarships, and opens access\nto higher level skills training.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007The option to continue and complete secondary\neducation **improves children and families\u2019**\n**motivation and engagement in education**\nat lower levels, incentivizing retention and\nsuccessful completion of primary education.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007The longer-term **benefits of education for**\n**individuals and communities are fully realized**\n**with completion of secondary education,**\n**especially for girls and their families** . Women\nwith a secondary education are more likely to\nensure that their children go to school, and to\nraise healthier families. It\u2019s estimated that if all\nwomen had a secondary education, the instance\n\n\n\nSECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of child marriage and infant and maternal\nmortality would be significantly reduced, and\npreventable child disease and deaths would\nbe halved. Secondary education also leads\nto higher wage earnings, a narrowing of the\npay gap between men and women, and an\nopportunity for families to break from the cycle\nof poverty. [1]\n\n\n_Before, I felt hopeless. I was just a girl in_\n_a hopeless situation. But now, inside me_\n# **\u201c**\n_has changed. Because I have graduated_\n_from secondary school, my family and_\n_our neighbours have a new respect for_\n_me. They know I am educated and they_\n_cannot disgrace me. I am knowledgeable_\n_and have a job because of this education._\n_Education has become my pride. I have_\n_seen how other people live outside the_\n_camp. I have the confidence to speak_\n_out and be a leader. The benefits of this_\n_education are endless. I just wish all girls_\n_had my opportunity because having this, it_\n_changes your life forever.\u201d_\n\n\n_\u0007Angelique, 19, a Congolese refugee who received a_\n\n_scholarship to complete secondary education in Rwanda_\n\n\n**WHY AREN\u2019T MORE REFUGEE**\n**ADOLESCENTS GOING TO**\n**SECONDARY SCHOOL?**\n\n\nBoth supply and demand barriers prevent refugees\nfrom accessing secondary school.\n\n\n**Supply barriers**\n\n\n\u00e8 **Exclusion from national education systems:**\nIn some contexts refugees are excluded from\nnational secondary schools, either due to\nexplicit policy exclusion, or because access\n(registration places and capacity) for refugees\nhas not been negotiated with national\nauthorities. Many of the barriers listed below\nalso relate to exclusion from national schools.\n\n\n1 UNESCO (2013). _Education Transforms Lives_ . UNESCO,\n\nParis.\n\n\n\n\u00e8 **Cost:** Secondary education costs more, as a\nresult of the need for more teachers, classrooms\nand textbooks per child, than primary\neducation. Secondary education also requires\nspecialised infrastructure and equipment\nfor science and computer laboratories and\nlibraries. In many countries the cost of school\nfees and charges, textbooks, uniforms and\nschool supplies effectively lock children out of\nsecondary education. In some locations where\ndistance is prohibitive, costs for transport or\nboarding rapidly escalate the cost of attending\nsecondary school.\n\n\u00e8 **Distance:** Especially in rural and remote\nlocations, secondary schools are few and far\nbetween, limiting access for both host country\nand refugee children. Transport options are not\nalways available or affordable. Distance also\nraises protection risks, especially for young girls.\n\n\u00e8 **Language:** For young refugees hoping to\ntransition to secondary school in a new country\nof asylum, a new language of instruction can\npresent a significant barrier, especially due\nto the increased complexity of concepts and\nvocabulary expected at this level.\n\n\u00e8 **Documentation:** Recognized certification\nshowing successful completion of primary\neducation, as well as other types of\ndocumentation like birth certificates, is\nusually required to enter secondary school.\nIn many cases refugees do not have identity\nor education documents, and this problem is\noften exacerbated by a lack of cross-border\nrecognition of certificates and equivalencies.\n\n\u00e8 **Capacity (especially in camp settings):**\nSecondary services demand greater resources\nand higher levels of technical capacity than\nprimary education services, including more\nspecialised and qualified teachers, and skilled\nadministrators and programme officers with\ncapacity for the complex planning and timetabling of the multiple, simultaneous lessons\nrequired at secondary levels.\n\n\n**Demand barriers**\n\n\n\u00e8 **Low primary completion rates:** In some\nrefugee contexts the low rate of participation\nand quality at upper primary levels lead to\nlow numbers of children successfully passing\nprimary examinations, making them ineligible to\ncontinue on to secondary education.\n\n\n\nSECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e8 **Opportunity costs:** Under the stress and\npressures of displacement, many adolescents\nand/or their families prioritize the short term\nbenefits of early marriage, domestic labour at\nhome or elsewhere, or wage-earning activities.\nThis is especially true when high secondary\neducation costs take away from household\nresources.\n\n\n\u00e8 **Cultural norms:** Cultural practices and beliefs,\nespecially around girls\u2019 access to schooling\nand early marriage, keep young girls out of\nsecondary school, particularly where primary\neducation is considered to be an adequate level\nof schooling for a girl. Boys may also be under\npressure to drop out of school to work and\nprovide for their families.\n\n\n\n\u00e8 **Value of secondary education:** In some\ncases young people and their families simply\ndon\u2019t see the benefits of pursuing secondary\neducation, especially if they have experienced\npoor quality primary education, or perceive\nthe efforts required to access secondary\n(distance, cost, language, etc.) to be too\ndifficult. Peer pressure, family responsibilities,\nrecruitment into armed groups, and a lack of\nunderstanding of the long-term benefits of\nsecondary education can discourage transition\nto secondary school.\n\n\n\nSECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PLANNING FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SIX STEPS:**\n\n\n\n1 **\u0007DETERMINE HOW MANY REFUGEES (AND**\n**HOST COMMUNITY) CHILDREN WILL NEED**\n**SECONDARY SERVICES IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS**\n\n\n**Assess current and project future demand for**\n**secondary education: How many refugee (and**\n**host community children if mainstreaming) are**\n**expected to require secondary services in the**\n**next 3-5 years?**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Calculate the number of children who are expected to successfully complete primary school\nin the current academic year OR in emergency\ncontexts, the number of eligible candidates\nready to start or continue secondary education.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Project demand: Study enrolment rates in\nupper primary and estimate numbers of refugee\nstudents requiring secondary services annually\nover the next 3-5 years. Be sure to check if the\ndemand is expected to increase due to targets\nfor enrolling out-of-school children, large class\nsizes at lower primary levels or new schools that\nwill produce their first graduating classes in the\nnext years.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Assess and project host community demand for\nsecondary education in the coming 3-5 years in\ncases where mainstreaming in national schools\nis an option, or where host community children\nmight access camp-based schools.\n\n\n2 **\u0007ENSURE THAT ADEQUATE SECONDARY**\n**EDUCATION SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO**\n**MEET NEEDS**\n\n\n**Assess secondary education supply and quality:**\n**Is mainstreaming refugees in the national**\n**system possible? Do national secondary schools**\n**in the area have capacity to absorb refugee**\n**students? If national schools are not available,**\n**are experienced, qualified partners available to**\n**manage secondary services in camp settings?**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Work closely with the Ministry of Education at\nnational and local levels, as well as other key\npartners like UNICEF and UNESCO to advocate\nand negotiate for inclusion of refugees in\nnational secondary schools.\n\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Determine measures and funding required\nto enhance capacity of national schools to\nmainstream refugee students, including building\nnew classroom spaces and recruitment of\nadditional teachers, training and orientation\nfor the school community (teachers, students,\nparents) and language classes and orientation\nfor refugee students.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Camp based schools are not recommended,\nbut are sometimes the only option available.\nEnsure that implementing partners have\nsufficient expertise to manage secondary\nschools. Ensure funds are allocated to meet\nthe cost of adequate numbers of qualified,\nspecialised teachers (minimize use of untrained\nteachers), and additional resources necessary\nfor secondary education including classroom\nspaces to accommodate a complex timetable,\nscience labs, libraries and computer labs.\nAdvocate with the Ministry of Education to\ndeploy national qualified teachers to camp\nschools.\n\n\nPlease refer to Education Brief 4 on Mainstreaming\nrefugee children in the national education system\nfor more details.\n\n\n3 **\u0007ENCOURAGE A HIGH RATE OF PARTICIPATION**\n**IN SECONDARY EDUCATION**\n\n\n**Provide targeted support for 100% transition**\n**rate from upper primary to secondary: What are**\n**the barriers that prevent every upper primary**\n**school child from transitioning to secondary?**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Analyze the percentage of children successfully\npassing primary examinations and transitioning\nto secondary education. Using available data\nand focus group discussions, assess the main\nbarriers for boys and girls that prevent transition\nfrom primary to secondary school.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Consider the following examples of programme\nresponse:\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Increased support to education quality at\nupper primary levels and preparation for\nexaminations through qualified, trained\nteachers, analysis of examination results,\nremedial classes, etc.\n\n\n\nSECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Project demand", - "confidence": 0.8448634147644043, - "start": 142, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nstudents", - "confidence": 0.9080043435096741, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.9531819224357605, - "start": 633, - "end": 635 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "in the", - "confidence": 0.572762668132782, - "start": 541, - "end": 543 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "discussions, assess", - "confidence": 0.6006221175193787, - "start": 638, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS", - "confidence": 0.6799928545951843, - "start": 701, - "end": 703 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e0 \u0007Mentorship and accompaniment\nprogrammes to provide academic support\nand counselling for students, especially\ngirls, to successfully finish primary and\ntransition to secondary.\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Advocacy campaigns with the community\non the importance of primary exams and\nthe many benefits of secondary education.\nThis can include the engagement of role\nmodels within the community to champion\nsecondary education, including higher\neducation students (DAFI or other) and\ngraduates.\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Material support to enable secondary\nschool attendance including cost of school\nfees, transport, uniforms and textbooks,\nsanitary materials for girls, etc. Consider\ncost sharing with refugee families where\npossible and also consider the use of\ncash-based assistance to support access to\nsecondary, especially in urban areas.\n\n\n\u00e0 \u0007Language classes, negotiations around\ndocumentation requirements, etc. to\nfacilitate access to secondary schools.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Work closely with protection and livelihoods\ncolleagues to design cross-sectoral\ninterventions that address household pressures\nthat pull adolescents out of school and re-direct\nthem to work, marriage, household help, etc.\n\n\n4 **\u0007IDENTIFY BARRIERS STOPPING ADOLESCENTS**\n**FROM SUCCESSFULLY FINISHING SECONDARY,**\n**AND ENSURE THAT POST-SECONDARY**\n**EDUCATION OPTIONS EXIST**\n\n\n**Monitor and support retention and completion**\n**of secondary, and support transitioning students**\n**to post-secondary education options.**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Assess factors contributing to drop-out at\nthe secondary level and design programme\ninterventions to address these issues. Examples\ninclude: mentorship for girls; bicycles to\nfacilitate transport to school where distance\nleads to drop out; academic support to ensure\nsuccessful transition to upper secondary;\ncontinued community advocacy on the benefits\nof completion of secondary; cash grants where\nfamilies are likely to pull students from school to\nsave household resources.\n\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Working with livelihoods colleagues, ensure\npathways to post-secondary vocational\nand skills training are available, as well\nas opportunities to continue on to higher\neducation. Post-secondary education\nopportunities increase student motivation and\nconsequently retention and completion of\nsecondary school.\n\n\n5 **\u0007ASSES HOW MUCH MONEY IS NEEDED TO**\n**ASSURE SECONDARY SERVICES FOR REFUGEES**\n**AND IDENTIFY SOURCES OF FUNDING**\n\n\n**Advocate for and raise funds for secondary**\n**education for refugees.**\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007In line with the Sustainable Development Goal 4\ntarget 4.1 on increasing access to both primary\nand secondary education for all children,\nadvocate with national partners for access to\nsecondary services for refugee children. Cost\nsharing or material contributions to the national\neducation system may be necessary.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007In many refugee operations, secondary\neducation has been deprioritized due to a\nlack of funds. Active leveraging of funds for\nsecondary education is recommended, based\non clear, evidence-based proposals that project\nnumbers of beneficiaries and accurate costs\nover the next 3-5 years.\n\n\n\u00e8 \u0007Where possible, work with UNICEF to identify\ndevelopment agencies active in the country\nwho may be approached to support secondary\neducation. JAICA and the World Bank are\ntwo examples, in addition to working with\nthe Global Partnership for Education (GPE) to\nensure that national education sector plans\nmake provision for refugee education. This\noption is especially promising where refugees\nare being mainstreamed into national schools,\nand the programme can be cast in terms of\nenhancement of national capacity for secondary\neducation.\n\n\n\nSECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6 **\u0007MEASURE PROGRESS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION FOR REFUGEES**\n\n\nThe following indicators from UNHCR\u2019s Results Framework are relevant to secondary education. Minimum\nindicators that should be selected by operations are highlighted in **bold.**\n\n\nRights Group Basic Needs and Essential Services\n\n|Impact
Indicators|% of secondary school-aged young people enrolled in secondary education|\n|---|---|\n|Impact
Indicators|
**Extent persons of concern have access to national education systems**|\n\n\n|Performance
Indicators|# of students enrolled in lower secondary education|\n|---|---|\n|
Performance
Indicators|# of students enrolled in lower secondary education in the correct grade for their age|\n|
Performance
Indicators|# of students enrolled in upper secondary education|\n|
Performance
Indicators|# of students enrolled in upper secondary education in the correct grade for their age|\n|
Performance
Indicators|% of female secondary education teachers|\n|
Performance
Indicators|% of lower secondary school graduates (successful completion of fnal grade)|\n|
Performance
Indicators|**% of upper secondary school graduates (successful completion of fnal grade)**|\n\n\n|OUTPUT: USE OF|F TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION SERVICE PROVISION EXPANDED|\n|---|---|\n|
Performance
Indicators|% of secondary schools providing students daily access to computers|\n|
Performance
Indicators|% of secondary schools providing students daily access to e-books, tablets or other similar
devices|\n\n\n|Performance
Indicators|% of PoC for which country of origin learning achievement is recognized (secondary
school)|\n|---|---|\n|Output|Measures to improve primary education quality and learning achievement implemented|\n|Performance
Indicators|**% of primary school graduates (successful completion of fnal grade)**|\n\n\n\nAdditional disaggregated data to consider, important for programme planning include:\n\n\n% of girls and boys transitioning from primary to secondary school\n\n\n% of girls and boys enrolled in secondary school (Gross and Net enrolment rates)\n\n\n% of girls and boys transitioning from lower to upper secondary school\n\n**Sample quality and protection indicators**\n\n% of teachers with recognized teacher qualifcations\n\n\nAverage Pupil-teacher ratio\n\n\nAverage Pupil-classroom, gender-segregated latrine, textbook, computer ratios\n\n\n% of schools with adequate science lab, computer lab, library facilities and equipment\n\n\n% of schools with active community involvement (parent-teacher association etc.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Results Framework", - "confidence": 0.507690966129303, - "start": 20, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.936853289604187, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "secondary school-aged young people", - "confidence": 0.8915436267852783, - "start": 61, - "end": 65 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gross and Net enrolment rates", - "confidence": 0.5122154951095581, - "start": 450, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sample quality and protection indicators", - "confidence": 0.7394987940788269, - "start": 470, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54ec767e-f026-3679-bafd-a61a90671fd8/560be1759.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_108/raw/doc_108_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_108/raw/doc_108_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 48c5cd68ed903715dd3561729ba9831665601ef6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_108/raw/doc_108_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 UNHCR/Sebastian Rich\n\n# SYRIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON\n\n## **REFERRAL CARE AT A GLANCE** **JANUARY- DECEMBER 2016** **UNHCR**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### OVERVIEW\n\nSecondary and tertiary health care institutions in Lebanon are mostly\nprivate and cost is a significant barrier to access. UNHCR has put in place\nreferral guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOP) to support\naccess to life saving and obstetric care and manage costs. The costs\ncovered by UNHCR vary according to the type of service provided and the\nvulnerability status of the refugee.\n\n\nUNHCR contracts a third party administrator (TPA) to manage and audit\nreferral care.\n\n\nIn September 2016, **1,017,433** Syrian refugees and **22,007** refugees from\nother countries were registered with UNHCR. However, the referral care\nprogramme also supports access to life saving and obstetric care for\nunregistered refugees.\n\n\n - The total number of referrals increased from **61,820** in 2015 to\n**76,535** in 2016. This is an increase of **24%** .\n\n - The number of referral requests covered financially by UNHCR has\nincreased slightly from **95%** in 2015 to **97%** in 2016.\n\n - In January 2016 the UNHCR network consisted of **56** hospitals. By\nthe end of 2016 the number had been rationalized to **50** . The\nmajority ( **71%** ) of accepted referrals were treated in **20** of these\nhospitals.\n\n - The majority ( **53.0%** ) of referrals were for maternity care, **32%** of\ndeliveries were by C-section compared to **34%** in 2015.\n\n - Of the approved referrals there were **869** deaths of which **52%**\nwere in children under one year of age, predominantly in the\nperinatal period.\n\n - TPA financial audit of hospital invoices led to a **7.3%** deduction of\nthe overall total cost invoiced by hospitals.\n\n - **33.8%** of total expenditure was spent on maternity care compared\nto **40.1%** in 2015.\n\n - The average cost per referral was **586 USD** compared to **544 USD** in\n2015.\n\n### DATA\n\n\nUNHCR, through its TPA, collected data on requests for coverage for\nhospital referral. The data for accepted referrals included the diagnosis,\ncare received, outcome and cost of the service.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "requests for coverage for\nhospital referral", - "confidence": 0.7655683755874634, - "start": 442, - "end": 448 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.762339174747467, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5907511115074158, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "accepted referrals", - "confidence": 0.9395807385444641, - "start": 452, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "accepted referrals", - "confidence": 0.6842486262321472, - "start": 452, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### SECTION 1: NUMBER OF REFERRALS (JAN-DEC 2016)\n\nFIGURE 1: NUMBER OF REFERRALS PER MONTH BY COVERAGE STATUS\n\n\n## **Key findings**\n\n#### Increasing number of referrals overall in 2015 and 2016. A seasonal pattern of more referrals during the winter months mainly due to higher respiratory morbidity.\n\n## 74%\n#### Proportion of referrals of female patients, reflecting the high proportion of obstetric care ( 75% in 2015).\n\n## 24 %\n#### Proportion of referrals of children <5 years of age ( 23% in 2015).\n\n## 24.2 years\n#### Mean age in years at admission for females ( 24.3 years in 2015).\n\n## 16.2 years\n#### Mean age in years at admission for males ( 15.8 years in 2015).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 2: NUMBER OF REFUGEES SUPPORTED AND FREQUENCY OF ADMISSIONS PER REFUGEE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 3: REFERRALS BY SEX AND AGE GROUP\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FIGURE 4: PROPORTION OF REFERRALS AT THE 20 MOST FREQUENTED CONTRACTED HOSPITALS\n\n\n## **Key findings** 71%\n#### Proportion of referrals covered in 20 hospitals (70% in 2015), 29% of referrals covered at the remaining 30 contracted hospitals.\n\n## 441\n#### Number of referrals per month to Dr Hamed Farhat Hospital in the Bekaa.\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 5: REFERRALS BY REGION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### SECTION 2: REASON FOR REFERRALS\n\nFIGURE 6: ICD-10 DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY ON DISCHARGE, AS PROPORTION OF APPROVED REFERRALS (N=73,951)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 7: PROPORTION OF SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES WITHIN CATEGORIES\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### SECTION 3: MORTALITY\n\nFIGURE 8: NUMBER OF DEATHS PER ICD-10 DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY (N = 869)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **Key findings** 1.2%\n\nMortality (unchanged\nfrom 2015).\n\n## 869 of 73,951\n\nreferrals died before\ndischarge. Another\n**186** deaths were\nrecorded related to\ndeliveries, mainly\nattributed to\nstillbirths.\n\n## 52% of the 869\n\n\ndeaths were children\nunder one, mainly in\nthe perinatal period\nof which **26%** were\nattributed to\nprematurity.\n\n## 19%\n\n\nof deaths were due\nto cardiovascular\ndisease.\n\n## 5*\n\n\nmaternal deaths in\nUNHCR supported\ndeliveries.\n\n\n*The Vital Data Observatory\nof the Ministry of Public\nHealth has recorded 13\nmaternal deaths of about\n42,000 deliveries in Syrians\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 9: NUMBER OF DEATHS BY AGE AND SEX\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 10: MORTALITY PER REGION\n\n\n\n2.0%\n1.8%\n1.6%\n1.4%\n1.2%\n1.0%\n0.8%\n0.6%\n0.4%\n0.2%\n0.0%\n\n\n\n1.2%\n\n\nBeirut & Mt\n\nLebanon\n\n\n\n1.9%\n\n\n1.0%\n\n0.8%\n\n\nBekaa North South\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### SECTION 4: FINANCE\n\nFIGURE 11: TOTAL COST PER ICD-10 DIAGNOSIS CATEGORY (MILLION USD)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 12: AVERAGE COST PER CASE PER ICD-10 DIAGNOSIS CATEGORIES (USD)\n\n\n|ICD-10 Diagnosis category|Average cost per case
(USD)|\n|---|---|\n|Congenital malformations|2969|\n|Conditions originating in the perinatal period|1989|\n|Mental and behavioural disorders|1399|\n|Diseases of the circulatory system|1141|\n|Neoplasms|1121|\n|Diseases of the nervous system|994|\n|Factors influencing health status|835|\n|Diseases of the eye and adnexa|797|\n|Injuries|743|\n|Diseases of the digestive system|709|\n|Diseases of the musculoskeletal system|661|\n|Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases|637|\n|Diseases of the genitourinary system|569|\n|Diseases of the respiratory system|522|\n|Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue|504|\n|Diseases of the blood & immune disorders|478|\n|Pregnancy, childbirth & the puerperium
|373|\n|Diseases of the ear and the mastoid process|366|\n|Certain infectious and parasitic diseases|363|\n|Symptoms, signs and abnormal findings|326|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FIGURE 13: PROPORTION OF COST BY HOSPITAL (TOP 20 HOSPITALS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFIGURE 14: AVERAGE COST PER CASE IN 20 HOSPITALS WITH THE HIGHEST TOTAL COST\n\n\n|Hospital|Average Cost / Case
(USD)|\n|---|---|\n|La Paix|2587|\n|Rayak|1261|\n|Notre-Dame du Liban|941|\n|Rafik Hariri|809|\n|Bekaa|786|\n|Raee|725|\n|Kassab|688|\n|Tripoli|679|\n|Elias Heraoui|595|\n|Sahel|585|\n|Iklim|581|\n|Rayan Hospital|570|\n|Notre Dame de la Paix|548|\n|Dr Hamed Farhat|523|\n|Nabih Berri / Nabatieh|507|\n|Manara|461|\n|Islamic - Tripoli|429|\n|Khair|323|\n|Al Mortada|315|\n|Osman|270|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e5f09b3-3bf2-3254-9724-620ef066e163/57319.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_109/raw/doc_109_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_109/raw/doc_109_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9c2f8555c8b16926dbf846ec4a941cf711cbda90..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_109/raw/doc_109_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,286 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n## DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\n\nJanuary-April 2017\n\n\n\nRefugees and migrants entering and crossing Europe via the Mediterranean and Western Balkans routes\n\n\nOn 24 November 2016, the Phoenix rescue vessel, belonging to Migrant Offshore Aid Station (MOAS) intercepted an inflatable vessel carrying 146 refugees and migrants who had travelled from West African countries to Libya, and attempted to cross\nthe sea to Europe. Their boat was seriously overloaded and in danger of sinking, four hours into their dangerous sea voyage from the port of Sabratha, on Libya's northern coastline.\n\n\n\nIn spite of several measures to prevent irregular entries to Europe\nand irregular movement between European states, [1] refugees and\nmigrants continue to enter the region as well as travel on irregularly from one European country to others, albeit at a significantly\nreduced scale. In addition, there is very limited access to safe and\nlegal pathways to enter Europe, including for those seeking international protection, and because of challenging conditions in\nsome EU countries where refugees first arrive and slow relocation\nefforts, and many see little alternative but to cross borders irregularly, despite the multiple risks this entails.\n\n\nCompared to the first four months of 2016, it has become even\nmore difficult to cross European borders with several European\nstates having introduced additional measures and practices to\nprevent irregular entries, including of people seeking international protection. While this has resulted in a significant reduction in\nnumbers crossing into Europe from Turkey to Greece by sea, it\nhas also meant that people are now using more diverse (and often\nmore dangerous) routes to enter or cross through Europe.\n\n\nAs a result of dangerous routes to and through Europe, high numbers of refugees and migrants continued to die at Europe\u2019s borders as well as on the way to Europe. [2] In the first four months\nof 2017, the number of estimated deaths in the Central Mediterranean increased 5 per cent compared to the same period last\nyear with 1,019 refugees and migrants reported dead or missing at\nsea. [3] A further 76 persons have also died at sea in the Eastern or\nWestern Mediterranean in the same period. [4] In addition, as states\nin the region have continued border restrictions, [5] at least 26 ref\n\n1 European Commission, _EU-Turkey Statement: Questions and Answers,_ 19 March 2016,\nhttp://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-16-963_en.htm, Euronews, _Italy-Libya sign agree-_\n_ment to curb flow of migrants to Europe,_ [2 February 2017, http://www.euronews.com/2017/02/02/](http://www.euronews.com/2017/02/02/italy-libya-sign-agreement-to-curb-flow-of-migrants-to-europe)\n[italy-libya-sign-agreement-to-curb-fow-of-migrants-to-europe, The Telegraph,](http://www.euronews.com/2017/02/02/italy-libya-sign-agreement-to-curb-flow-of-migrants-to-europe) _Saharan tribal_\n_chiefs pledge to stop flow of migrants heading for Europe via Libya,_ [4 April 2017, http://www.tele-](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/04/tribal-chiefs-sahara-pledge-stop-flow-migrants-heading-eu)\n[graph.co.uk/news/2017/04/04/tribal-chiefs-sahara-pledge-stop-fow-migrants-heading-europe/,](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/04/tribal-chiefs-sahara-pledge-stop-flow-migrants-heading-eu)\nEU Observer, _EU funds for Sudan may worsen fate of refugees,_ [10 April 2017, https://euobserver.](https://euobserver.com/migration/137489)\n[com/migration/137489, The Guardian,](https://euobserver.com/migration/137489) _Balkan countries shut borders as attention turns to new_\n_refugee routes,_ 9 March 2016, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/09/balkans-refu-](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/09/balkans-refugee-route-closed-say-european-leaders)\n[gee-route-closed-say-european-leaders.](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/09/balkans-refugee-route-closed-say-european-leaders)\n2 Some have suggested that the number of persons who die crossing the Sahara Desert en\nroute to Libya may be far higher. See Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat, _Forgotten fatalities:_\n_the number of migrant deaths before reaching the Mediterranean,_ 27 June 2016, [http://re-](http://regionalmms.org/index.php/component/spsimpleportfolio/item/18)\n[gionalmms.org/index.php/component/spsimpleportfolio/item/18.](http://regionalmms.org/index.php/component/spsimpleportfolio/item/18)\n3 The degree of increase was higher for the first three months of 2017 (135 per cent) compared to the same period in 2016 but was offset by the deaths of 500 people in a single incident\nin April 2016 en route from Egypt to Italy.\n4 UNHCR, _Mediterranean: Dead and Missing at Sea_ [, April 2017, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56289)\n[documents/download/56289](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56289)\n5 UNHCR, _Border fences and internal border controls in_ Europe, March 2017, [https://data2.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55249)\n[unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55249](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55249)\n\n\n\nugees and migrants are known to have died since the start of\nthe year while traveling to or crossing land borders in Europe. Of\nthese, nine have died while trying to cross from Turkey to Greece\nor Bulgaria, seven while crossing through the Balkans and six\nwhile trying to cross from Italy to a neighbouring country. [6] In addition, abuses by smugglers, criminal groups, as well as some state\nauthorities continue to be reported at multiple points along the\nprimary routes into and through Europe while women and children continue to face particular risks, including of sexual violence.\n\n\nIn the first four months of the year, the Central Mediterranean\nroute has remained the primary entry point for most to Europe\naccounting for approximately 74 per cent of entries via one of the\nthree Mediterranean routes. With sea arrivals to Greece having\nfallen drastically compared to the same period in 2016, increased\nsea arrivals to Spain have meant that arrivals via the Western\nMediterranean now constitute a greater proportion of arrivals to\nEurope via the three Mediterranean routes.\n\n\nMany of those using these dangerous routes to enter Europe are\nin need of international protection. Since the start of the year,\nmost of those using the Eastern Mediterranean route from Turkey to Greece, Bulgaria, and Cyprus are likely to be in need of\ninternational protection and come from countries including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. In Italy, the arrival point for those using\nthe Central Mediterranean route from North Africa, 42 per cent\nof asylum applications processed so far in 2017 have resulted in\napplicants being granted some form of protection. Of these, 9 per\ncent were granted refugee status, another 9 per cent subsidiary\nprotection and 24 per cent were granted humanitarian protection.\n\n\nWith very limited opportunities for resettlement and other complementary pathways, while those seeking to join family members\nwho have already been granted protection in the EU face numerous obstacles to do so, [7] many will continue to see little alternative\nbut to try to enter Europe irregularly.\n\n\n6 In addition, another seven refugees and migrants have died on land since the start of the\nyear at reception centres or other sites around Europe but not specifically while travelling to or\ncrossing borders.\n7 UNHCR, _Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2017,_ June 2016, [http://www.unhcr.org/](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/575836267/unhcr-projected-global-resettlement-needs-2017.html)\n[protection/resettlement/575836267/unhcr-projected-global-resettlement-needs-2017.html; Euro-](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/575836267/unhcr-projected-global-resettlement-needs-2017.html)\npean Migration Network, _Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals in the EU plus Norway:_\n_National Practices,_ [April 2017, https://emnbelgium.be/sites/default/fles/publications/FINAL_00_](https://emnbelgium.be/sites/default/files/publications/FINAL_00_family_reunification_synthesis_report_final_en_print_ready.pdf)\n[family_reunifcation_synthesis_report_fnal_en_print_ready.pdf; IRIN,](https://emnbelgium.be/sites/default/files/publications/FINAL_00_family_reunification_synthesis_report_final_en_print_ready.pdf) _Hardening European_\n_Policies Keep Refugee Children apart from their Families_ [, 20 April 2017, https://www.irinnews.org/](https://www.irinnews.org/feature/2017/04/20/hardening-european-policies-keep-refugee-children-apart-their-families)\n[feature/2017/04/20/hardening-european-policies-keep-refugee-children-apart-their-families](https://www.irinnews.org/feature/2017/04/20/hardening-european-policies-keep-refugee-children-apart-their-families)\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n### EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\nBetween January and April 2017, 5,164 refugees and\nmigrants crossed the sea from Turkey to Greece with\nthe average number of daily arrivals dropping to 39\nin April from 45 in January. The numbers crossing in\nthe first four months of 2017 are just a fraction of the\nover 155,000 refugees and migrants who crossed in\nthe first four months of 2016 due to a combination of\nfactors, including the closure of the so-called Western Balkan route, the introduction of additional visa\nrestrictions, and the EU-Turkey Statement. In 2017\nso far, Chios, Lesvos, Samos and Kastellorizo have\nbeen the primary arrival sites.\n\n\nSyrians continue to be the largest group crossing\nthe sea to Greece from Turkey and comprised 38\nper cent of arrivals with Iraqis comprising 11 per cent.\nSyrians and Iraqis arriving in Greece consist mostly\nof family groups. In 2017 so far, there has been a\ngreater diversity of nationalities crossing the sea to\nGreece and unlike in 2016, nationals of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Algeria (both 6 per\ncent) are among the main arrival groups with Palestinians (5 per cent) rounding out the top 5. Approximately half of arrivals by sea to Greece were male\n\n\n\n\n\nAt the Greece-Turkey land border, 660 refugees\nand migrants have crossed from Turkey since the\nstart of the year, a 54 per cent decrease from during\nthe same period in 2016. Arrivals in April included\na group of 64 that was left on a little island on the\nGreek side of the river to be later rescued by Greek\nauthorities. While the numbers crossing to Greece\nvia the land border have dropped compared to\nthe same period in 2016, since the start of the year\nTurkish authorities have reported intercepting over\n6,500 refugees and migrants attempting to cross\nthe land border to Greece.\n\n\nIn the first four months of 2017, 1,097 unregistered\nrefugees and migrants have been apprehended in\nBulgaria with most being apprehended in the interior of the country rather than in border regions\nshortly after entry. So far, these numbers are 75\nper cent lower than in the corresponding period in\n2016. Most of those apprehended have been from\nAfghanistan (49 per cent), Syria (13 per cent) and\nIraq (13 per cent). Of the 351 persons apprehended\nnear the Turkish border in this period, 83 per cent\nhave crossed the border in locations other than the\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF PRIMARY GROUPS ARRIVING BY SEA TO GREECE - JAN TO APR 2017\n\n\n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nIraq\n\n\nAlgeria\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of Congo\n\n\nPalestine\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nStateless\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nKuwait\n\n\nIran\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\ntio was one death for every 402 persons who were\nable to cross.\n\n\nOf the nine refugees and migrants who have died\nsince the start of the year trying to depart Turkey\nvia its land borders, three died of exposure trying to\ncross to Bulgaria in freezing conditions. The other\nsix died trying to cross to Greece with three drowning while crossing the Evros River, two are thought\nto have died of exposure in mid-winter, and one\ndied in a car crash when a van driven by smugglers\ncrashed while being pursued by police in northern\nGreece. [13] This amounts to one death for every 110\npersons that crossed by land to Greece, a higher\nrate of deaths than those crossing from Turkey to\nGreece by sea.\n\n\nPush-backs continue to be reported from Greece\nat the land border with Turkey with refugees and\nmigrants, including women and children, report\u00ading\nbeing apprehended in Greece, detained in po\u00adlice\nstations for several hours then later returned informally across the Evros River without being al\u00adlowed\nan opportunity to seek asylum. UNHCR has raised\nconcerns regarding reports about the alleged pushbacks and _refoulement_ at the land border between\nGreece and Turkey.\n\n\nUNHCR also continues to receive accounts of pushbacks by Bulgarian authorities to Turkey while vigilante groups have also continued to patrol parts of\nthe Bulgarian border at times, with concerning implications for any refugees and migrants they may\napprehend. [14]\n\n\n_**Onward Movement from Greece and Bulgaria**_\n\n\nRefugees and migrants continue to try to move onwards from Greece and Bulgaria, including because\nof eligibility practices (in particular the extremely\nhigh rejection rate for Afghan asylum-seekers), and\nsubstandard living conditions in the reception centres in Bulgaria, [15] limited integration prospects in\n\n\n13 Associated Press, _The Latest: Migrant dies in Greece after smug-_\n_glers chased,_ [24 April 2017, https://www.yahoo.com/news/latest-migrant-](https://www.yahoo.com/news/latest-migrant-boat-sinks-aegean-sea-16-dead-122707702.html)\n[boat-sinks-aegean-sea-16-dead-122707702.html](https://www.yahoo.com/news/latest-migrant-boat-sinks-aegean-sea-16-dead-122707702.html)\n14 NBC News, _Bulgarian Vigilantes Patrol Turkey Border to Keep_\n_Migrants Out_ [, 10 March 2017, http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/eu-](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/europes-border-crisis/bulgarian-vigilantes-patrol-turkey-border-keep-migrants-out-n723481)\n[ropes-border-crisis/bulgarian-vigilantes-patrol-turkey-border-keep-mi-](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/europes-border-crisis/bulgarian-vigilantes-patrol-turkey-border-keep-migrants-out-n723481)\n[grants-out-n723481](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/europes-border-crisis/bulgarian-vigilantes-patrol-turkey-border-keep-migrants-out-n723481)\n15 UNHCR Bureau for Europe, _Weekly Report,_ [3 April 2017, https://](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55248)\n[data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55248](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55248)\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nSince mid-2016, increased numbers of people have\nstarted to cross the sea from Turkey to Cyprus.\nBetween January and April this year, 302 refugees, mostly from Syria, arrived by sea to Cyprus,\nincluding many children, compared to just 28 in a\nsingle boat in the same period in 2016. Many have\nreported coming from Idlib via Turkey and several\nof the arrivals have joined family members already\non the island. In March, 13 unaccompanied children\nfrom Somalia were amongst the 157 arrivals. Others\nthought to have been headed to Cyprus have also\nbeen intercepted or rescued at sea by Turkish authorities, including a group of 30 Syrians rescued\nat the end of March after drifting for four days when\ntheir captain abandoned them after their boat ran\nout of fuel.\n\n\nRefugees and migrants also continue to try to cross\ndirectly from Turkey to Italy with 539 persons recorded as having reached Italy from Turkey in 2017\nas of the end of April. Most arrivals via this route\nhave been from Iraq with smaller numbers of Pakistanis, Somalis, and Iranians. In addition, several\nmore boats headed to Italy have been rescued off\nGreek islands or been intercepted by the Turkish\nCoast Guard, including a boat with 172 persons on\nboard in March [10] and another with 199 on board in\nApril. [11]\n\n\nWhile significantly reduced from the 386 deaths\nbetween January and April 2016, 28 persons are\nknown to have died or gone missing at sea in the\nEastern Mediterranean in the first four months of\n2017. This includes 11 Syrians who drowned while\nattempting to reach the Greek island of Samos on\n24 March. Amongst this group were a Syrian woman and her two children attempting to join her husband in Germany. [12] On 24 April, another 16 people\ndrowned off the coast of Lesvos. So far in 2017, this\namounts to one death for every 185 persons who\nmanaged to cross by sea to Greece, a higher ratio\nthan between January and April 2016 when the ra\n\n10 Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, _G\u00fcncel Faaliyetleri_, 24 March 2017,\n[http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/mart/24MART2017_MANAV-](http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/mart/24MART2017_MANAVGAT.pdf)\n[GAT.pdf](http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/mart/24MART2017_MANAVGAT.pdf)\n11 Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, _G\u00fcncel Faaliyetleri_, 14 April 2017,\n[http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/nisan/14NISAN2017_SI-](http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/nisan/14NISAN2017_SIGACIKYELKENLI.doc)\n[GACIKYELKENLI.doc](http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/nisan/14NISAN2017_SIGACIKYELKENLI.doc)\n12 Daily Mail, _Syrian refugee discovers his wife, 24, and two young_\n_children have drowned in the Mediterranean while trying to reunite with him_\n_in Germany_ [, 7 April 2017, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4390400/](http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4390400/Syrian-refugee-discovers-wife-two-children-drowned.html)\n[Syrian-refugee-discovers-wife-two-children-drowned.html](http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4390400/Syrian-refugee-discovers-wife-two-children-drowned.html)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nGreece, [16] and limited access to or lengthy processes\nto reunite with family members in other EU States. [17]\nMoreover, no effective integration programme is yet\nin place in Bulgaria, which limits refugees\u2019 access\nto schools, health care, and employment opportunities.\n\n\nThe rate of relocations under the EU\u2019s Emergency\nRelocation Mechanism since its inception in September 2015 remains limited, [18] with just 12,646 asylum-seekers relocated from Greece as of 4 May \u2013\nrepresenting just 19 per cent of the initial target of\n66,400 persons. In April, the European Commission\ncalled on EU Member States to \u201cavoid overly restrictive preferences and delays and limit requirements\ncausing delays in the transfer procedure\u201d and to remove \u201coperational and logistical bottlenecks\u201d in the\nprocess, amongst other measures. [19] As of the end\nof April, 82 per cent of applications in Greece for\nrelocation were by Syrians. [20] Afghan nationals, the\nsecond largest group that arrived in Greece in 2016,\nhave not been eligible for relocation under this programme. [21] Many may therefore choose to move on\nirregularly from Greece. So far in 2017, 19,575 people have lodged new asylum applications in Greece\ncompared to 9,281 by the end of April 2016, a 111 per\n\n\n16 UNHCR, _Stronger Cooperation Crucial to Ensure Sustainable_\n_Refugee Response in Greece \u2013 UNHCR,_ 27 March 2017, [http://www.unhcr.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d8f15a4/stronger-cooperation-crucial-ensure-sustainable-refugee-response-greece.html)\n[org/news/press/2017/3/58d8f15a4/stronger-cooperation-crucial-ensure-sus-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d8f15a4/stronger-cooperation-crucial-ensure-sustainable-refugee-response-greece.html)\n[tainable-refugee-response-greece.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d8f15a4/stronger-cooperation-crucial-ensure-sustainable-refugee-response-greece.html)\n17 In 2016, almost 5,000 refugees, including 700 unaccompanied children, in Greece applied to be reunified with family members elsewhere in the\nEU. Of these, only 1,107 had reached their destination country by the end of\nthe year. See UNICEF, _Refugee and migrant children stranded in European_\n_transit countries suffer psychologically in the face of uncertain future \u2013_\n_UNICEF,_ 4 May 2017, [https://www.unicef.org/media/media_95938.html](https://www.unicef.org/media/media_95938.html)\n18 In September 2015, the EU agreed on a two-year plan to relocate\nasylum-seekers from Greece and Italy to other EU Member States. Under this\nplan, 66,400 asylum-seekers were foreseen to be relocated from Greece,\nand 39,600 from Italy.\n19 European Commission, _Relocation and Resettlement: Steady Prog-_\n_ress Made but more Efforts Needed to Meet Targets_, 12 April 2017, [http://](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-908_en.htm)\n[europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-908_en.htm](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-908_en.htm)\n20 Greek Asylum Service, _Statistical Data of the Greek Asylum Service_\n\n_\u2013 Relocation Procedures,_ [30 April 2017, http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/](http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Relocation-procedures-up-to-30-04-17_en-.pdf)\n[uploads/2017/05/Relocation-procedures-up-to-30-04-17_en-.pdf](http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Relocation-procedures-up-to-30-04-17_en-.pdf)\n21 Nationalities that have at least a 75 per cent recognition rate at first\ninstance across the EU (based on the latest Eurostat quarterly statistics) are\neligible for relocation.\n\n\n\ncent increase, with most new applications lodged\nby Syrians, Afghans, Pakistanis and Iraqis.\n\n\nPeople intending to travel on irregularly require\nmoney to do so, including to pay smugglers, and\nseveral reports have highlighted the involvement of\nsome refugees and migrants including children in\nsurvival sex in Athens, including to make money in\norder to travel onwards irregularly. [22]\n\n\nRefugees and migrants travelling irregularly through\nthe region continue to face severe risks with several deaths reported since the start of the year and\nmany reporting push-backs, [23] including the use of\nviolence by state officials, despite UNHCR\u2019s public call in February for countries along the Western\nBalkans route to cease these practices. [24] UNHCR\nremains extremely concerned by such practices,\nincluding the alleged use of violence by state officials and denial of access to asylum procedures, as\nthese often place the lives of refugees and migrants\nat heightened risk and violate their most fundamental rights. A joint NGO report issued in March noted\nthat unaccompanied children crossing through the\nregion face a \u201cvery high risk of violence, including\n\n\n22 FXB Centre for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, _Emer-_\n_gency within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation_\n_and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece,_ [April 2017, https://cdn2.sph.har-](https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/04/Emergency-Within-an-Emergency-FXB.pdf)\n[vard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/04/Emergency-Within-an-Emer-](https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/04/Emergency-Within-an-Emergency-FXB.pdf)\n[gency-FXB.pdf;](https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/04/Emergency-Within-an-Emergency-FXB.pdf) Al Jazeera, _Afghan asylum seekers resort to sex work in_\n_Athens,_ [16 January 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/01/](http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/01/afghan-asylum-seekers-resort-sex-work-athens-170112082810485.html)\n[afghan-asylum-seekers-resort-sex-work-athens-170112082810485.html](http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/01/afghan-asylum-seekers-resort-sex-work-athens-170112082810485.html)\n23 See also Medicins Sans Frontiers, _Serbia: MSF denounces the_\n_widespread violence on migrants and refugees at the Serbian/Hungarian_\n_border_, 9 March 2017 [http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounc-](http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounces-widespread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border)\n[es-widespread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border;](http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounces-widespread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border)\nBelgrade Centre for Human Rights, Macedonian Young Layers Association\nand Oxfam, _A Dangerous \u2018Game\u2019: The pushback of migrants, including_\n_refugees, at Europe\u2019s borders_ [, April 2017, https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf)\n[oxfam.org/fles/fle_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-ref-](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf)\n[ugees-060417-en_0.pdf and Atina, Belgrade Centre for Human Rights, CIM,](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf)\nIdeas, Info Park, International Rescue Committee, NSHC, Open Gate, PIN,\nPraxis, Save the Children, Terres des Hommes, _Out of Sight, Exploited and_\n_Alone,_ March 2017, [https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/fles/document/1489/](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n[outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n24 UNHCR, _Refugees and migrants face high risks in winter_\n_weather in Europe,_ [13 January 2017, http://www.unhcr.org/news/brief-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/1/58789f624/refugees-migrants-face-high-risks-winter-weather-europe.html)\n[ing/2017/1/58789f624/refugees-migrants-face-high-risks-winter-weather-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/1/58789f624/refugees-migrants-face-high-risks-winter-weather-europe.html)\n[europe.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/1/58789f624/refugees-migrants-face-high-risks-winter-weather-europe.html)\n\n\n\nMONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS IN GREECE BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - JAN TO APR 2017\n\n\n800\n\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n109 104\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n678\n\n\n163\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nIraq\n\n\n\n447\n\n\n185\n\n\n\n413\n\n\n\n434\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic 413 434 678 447\n\nIraq 109 104 163 185\n\nAlgeria 198 39 41 56\n\nCongo, Democratic Republic of the 118 89 51 42\n\nPalestine 142 33 63 35\n\n\nArrival figures for Greece are provided by the Hellenic Coast Guard and Police. All figures are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nsexual and gender-based violence.\u201d [25] This includes\nviolence at the hands of smugglers or police.\n\n\nSince the start of the year, seven refugees and migrants have died at different points while crossing\nthrough the Western Balkans. These have included\na Pakistani man who died in the Serbian mountains\nin early February while crossing from Bulgaria after\nbeing abandoned by smugglers, [26] an Afghan boy\ntrying to cross the frozen Tisza River on the Serbia-Hungary border who fell in and drowned when\nthe ice cracked, as well as two decomposing bodies\nbelieved to be refugees or migrants found in the river by Serbian authorities at the same border on 8\nMarch. Also in March, an Algerian man succumbed\nto his injuries after he and three others were badly\nhurt when they accidentally triggered an explosion\non a train transporting fuel as they tried to irregularly cross from Serbia to Croatia. In addition, refugees continue to report abuses by smugglers and\n\n\n25 Atina et al, _Out of Sight, Exploited and Alone,_ March 2017, [https://](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n[www.rescue.org/sites/default/fles/document/1489/outofsightexploit-](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n[edandaloneweb.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n26 UNHCR, _Serbia Update: 09-12 Feb_ [2017, February 2017, https://](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53721)\n\n\n\ncriminal gangs at several points along their journey\nthrough the Western Balkans.\n\n\nFrom Greece, most refugees and migrants who travel onwards irregularly do so by land, primarily via\nthe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, to Serbia. However, the majority of those apprehended\nare pushed back to Greece. Between January and\nApril, UNHCR was informed of over 1,300 refugees\nand migrants being pushed back from the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia to Greece. Refugees and migrants travelling through the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia have also reported several robberies by criminal groups at different\npoints across the country with multiple incidents reported in March.\n\n\nA less-commonly used route is from Greece to Albania and then either on through Montenegro or\nKosovo (S/RES/1244(1999)), [27] mostly to Serbia (although several persons have been apprehended in\nBosnia-Herzegovina since the start of the year after\nreportedly crossing from Montenegro and seeking\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nChildren play at a \u2018transit zone\u2019 where asylum-seekers are detained on Hungary\u2019s border with Serbia in April 2017\n\n\n\n\n\nto travel on to Croatia). Most of those apprehended in Albania since the start of the year have been\nSyrians.\n\n\nOthers moving on from Greece have crossed the\nsea to Italy. Since the start of 2017, 223 persons,\nmostly from Iraq, are known to have travelled on\nthis way. A further 181 persons mostly from Iraq are\nknown to have been intercepted by the Hellenic\nCoast Guard in three incidents while attempting to\ncross the sea from Greece to Italy.\n\n\nOnward movement from Bulgaria also continues\nand as of the end of April, Bulgarian border officials\nhave apprehended 1,642 refugees and migrants, 59\nper cent from Afghanistan, attempting to depart irregularly in 2017, primarily along the Bulgaria-Serbia\nborder. These numbers have been swelled by some\nof the same individuals making multiple attempts to\ndepart irregularly. Of the 1,642 however, only 154 (9\nper cent) had not been previously registered by Bulgarian authorities, an 85 per cent decrease in the\nnumber of previously unregistered persons apprehended at exit points compared to the same period\nlast year.\n\n\nFrom the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\nBulgaria, Kosovo (S/RES/1244(1999)), and Montenegro, most hope to transit Serbia en route to re-entering the EU, primarily via Hungary. Since the start of\nthe year, UNHCR and partners in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria have encountered several hundred refugees and migrants\nwho have been pushed back from Serbia. Some of\nthose encountered in the former Yugoslav Repub\n\n6\n\n\n\nlic of Macedonia have reported being pushed back\nfrom Hungary and then subsequently pushed back\nfrom Serbia. Since the start of 2017, UNHCR and\npartners in Serbia have encountered over 2,000\nnew arrivals in the country. Most of those encountered reported crossing from Bulgaria with fewer reporting crossing from the former Yugoslav Republic\nof Macedonia.\n\n\nThe number of refugees and migrants in Serbia\ncontinued to increase to almost 8,000 at the end of\nMarch before dropping to 7,364 at the end of April.\nAs of 30 April, the majority of refugees and migrants\nin Serbia were accommodated at Serbian government facilities across the country, but over 1,000 remained in extremely hazardous conditions including\nin disused warehouses in Belgrade after choosing\nnot to move to government shelters. Over 900 unaccompanied or separated children were in Serbia\nat the end of April with 820 in government shelters\nbut the remainder were still living in very concerning conditions. According to available data, of those\nin government shelters, 42 per cent were men, 15\nper cent women, and 43 per cent children with 57\nper cent from Afghanistan, 19 per cent from Iraq, 13\nper cent from Pakistan, and 6 per cent from Syria.\nBetween January and April 2017, 2,345 persons registered their intention to seek asylum in Serbia and\n92 subsequently submitted asylum applications. So\nfar in 2017, due in part to the lack of a review board\nuntil April, Serbian authorities have only processed\none asylum application and have not yet granted\nrefugee status or subsidiary protection to anyone.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nRefugees and migrants in Serbia continue to report\nmultiple risks, including at the hands of smugglers.\nIn April, ten people from Afghanistan and Pakistan,\nincluding four unaccompanied children, were found\nin an abandoned vehicle near Nis. Four were already\nunconscious, and most required hospitalization due\nto the cramped and suffocating conditions they had\nbeen transported in. [28] Media reports suggest that\nsome boys in Belgrade have become involved in\nsurvival sex in order to earn enough money to pay\nsmugglers to take them elsewhere [29] but UNHCR\nand its partners have not been able to confirm this.\nUNHCR in Serbia has also received multiple reports\nof refugees and migrants being pushed back by\nneighbouring states, sometimes violently.\n\n\nIn late January, Hungary again reduced the number\nof asylum-seekers admitted each day via the two\n\u2018transit zones\u2019 on its border with Serbia to 10 (from\n30 per day in mid-2016) so that only around 50 asylum-seekers are admitted each week. The selection\nof those to be admitted to the \u2018transit zones\u2019 each\nday is not transparent and UNHCR demarches to\nfacilitate a tripartite dialogue have not yet been responded to. As of the end of April, those admitted\nto the \u2018transit zones\u2019 reported waiting up to eight\nmonths in Serbia to be admitted. Asylum-seekers\nadmitted to Hungary since the start of the year have\ntold UNHCR of the multiple hardships endured at\ndifferent points on their journey so far. Some have\nreported surviving their boat capsizing between\nGreece and Turkey, being pushed back multiple\ntimes across borders (sometimes violently), and\nbeing packed so tightly with others into vehicles by\nsmugglers it was difficult to breathe for a journey of\nseveral hours.\n\n\nSince the start of the year, Hungarian authorities\nhave admitted just 1,004 asylum-seekers and have\nconstructed an additional fence to further reduce\nirregular entries. [30] At the end of March, Hungary implemented its new law providing for the detention\nof all asylum-seekers, including children, for the duration of the asylum procedures. UNHCR has stated\npublicly that this new law violates Hungary\u2019s obligations under international and EU law. [31] UNHCR has\nalso since called for EU Member States to temporarily suspend Dublin returns to Hungary due to the\nworsening situation for asylum-seekers in the country. [32] The European Commission has subsequently\nmoved forward on infringement procedures against\nHungary over its asylum legislation. [33]\n\n\nRefugees and migrants continue to try to cross\ninto Hungary irregularly and as of the end of April\nHungarian police have reported preventing 4,595\n\n\n28 UNHCR, _Serbia Update: 24-30 April 2017_ [, April 2017, https://data2.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56240)\n[unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56240](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56240)\n29 Reuters, _Penniless and alone, migrant children in Serbia sell sex_\n_to survive,_ 22 February 2017, [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-mi-](http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-serbia-sex-idUSKBN15V1KH)\n[grants-serbia-sex-idUSKBN15V1KH](http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-serbia-sex-idUSKBN15V1KH)\n30 Reuters, _Hungary builds new high-tech border fence \u2013 with few_\n_migrants in sight,_ [2 March 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-mi-](http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-hungary-fence-idUSKBN1692MH)\n[grants-hungary-fence-idUSKBN1692MH](http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-hungary-fence-idUSKBN1692MH)\n31 UNHCR, _UNHCR deeply concerned by Hungary plans to detain_\n_all asylum seekers,_ [7 March 2017, http://www.unhcr.org/news/brief-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asylum-seekers.html)\n[ing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asy-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asylum-seekers.html)\n[lum-seekers.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asylum-seekers.html)\n32 UNHCR, _UNHCR urges suspension of transfers of asylum-seek-_\n_ers to Hungary under Dublin,_ 10 April 2017, [http://www.unhcr.org/news/](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/4/58eb7e454/unhcr-urges-suspension-transfers-asylum-seekers-hungary-under-dublin.html)\n[press/2017/4/58eb7e454/unhcr-urges-suspension-transfers-asylum-seek-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/4/58eb7e454/unhcr-urges-suspension-transfers-asylum-seekers-hungary-under-dublin.html)\n[ers-hungary-under-dublin.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/4/58eb7e454/unhcr-urges-suspension-transfers-asylum-seekers-hungary-under-dublin.html)\n33 European Commission, _Commission follows up on infringement_\n_procedure against Hungary concerning its asylum law,_ [17 May 2017, http://](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm)\n[europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm)\n\n\n7\n\n\n\npersons from crossing from Serbia since January.\nIn addition, Hungarian police have reported apprehending and returning to the other side of the\nborder fence at the Serbian border a further 2,928\npersons. Persons apprehended and returned this\nway are not provided with any form of individualized screening and are not granted access to asylum procedures. Since January, UNHCR has also\nreceived multiple reports in which refugees and\nmigrants allege mistreatment including having cold\nwater poured on them and having to remove warm\nclothing and shoes in the middle of winter, as well\nas the use of violence, which sometimes required\nmedical attention. [34] Similar allegations have also\nbeen reported by humanitarian groups. [35]\n\n\nSmaller numbers of refugees and migrants continue\nto try to depart Serbia irregularly to Croatia, including at times in trains and trucks. Since January, UNHCR has received reports of hundreds of persons\nbeing pushed back from the Croatia-Serbia border\nor elsewhere in Croatia, including those that had expressed their intention to seek asylum but were still\nirregularly returned to Serbia, and some that alleged\nthe use of violence. [36] In February, the Croatian Ministry of Interior pledged to investigate allegations of\nmistreatment by police at the Serbian border. [37]\n\n\nFollowing the new Hungarian regulations introducing mandatory detention for asylum-seekers as of\nthe end of March, along with the additional border\nfence along the Hungary-Serbia border, irregular\nentries to Romania from Serbia have increased dramatically from nine in January and 41 in February to\n333 in March and 609 in April, the highest recorded\nby Romanian border authorities in a single month\nsince at least the start of 2016. Many of those apprehended were from Syria and Iraq. UNHCR has\nreceived several allegations of push-backs from Romania since the start of the year.\n\n\nAs a result of difficulties continuing onwards from\nSerbia, some refugees and migrants have also started to return from Serbia to Greece via the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia. So far, the numbers known to be making this journey are small with\nmany simply requesting assistance from border police to be informally returned to the other side of\nthe border before then repeating this request at the\nnext border until they reach Greece.\n\n\n34 UNHCR, _Serbia Update: 06-08 March 2017,_ [March 2017, https://](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54240)\n[data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54240; UNHCR,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54240) _Serbia Update:_\n_23-26 Feb 2017,_ [February 2017, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/down-](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53909)\n[load/53909; UNHCR,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53909) _Serbia Update: 20-22 February 2017,_ February 2017,\n[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53877.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53877)\n35 Medicins Sans Frontiers, _Serbia: MSF denounces the widespread_\n_violence on migrants and refugees at the Serbian/Hungarian border_, 9\n[March 2017, http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounces-wide-](http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounces-widespread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border)\n[spread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border; Belgrade](http://www.msf.org/en/article/serbia-msf-denounces-widespread-violence-migrants-and-refugees-serbianhungarian-border)\nCentre for Human Rights, Macedonian Young Layers Association and Oxfam,\n_A Dangerous \u2018Game\u2019: The pushback of migrants, including refugees, at_\n_Europe\u2019s borders_ [, April 2017, https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf)\n[fles/fle_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf)\n[060417-en_0.pdf; Atina et al,](https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/bp-dangerous-game-pushback-migrants-refugees-060417-en_0.pdf) _Out of Sight, Exploited and Alone,_ March 2017,\n[https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/fles/document/1489/outofsightexploit-](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf)\n[edandaloneweb.pdf and Fresh Response,](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/1489/outofsightexploitedandaloneweb.pdf) _Violence at the Hungarian Border,_\n[11 March 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYxb2rtAohQ&t=138s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYxb2rtAohQ&t=138s)\n36 UNHCR, _Serbia Update: 27 Feb-01 Mar 2017,_ [March 2017, https://](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54003)\n[data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54003; UNHCR,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/54003) _Serbia Update:_\n_16-19 Feb 2017,_ [February 2017, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/down-](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53816)\n[load/53816; UNHCR,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53816) _Serbia Update: 06-08 Feb 2017,_ [February 2017, https://](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53657)\n[data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53657.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53657)\n37 Vecernji list, _Orepi\u0107: Ako je netko prekora\u010dio ovlasti, taj \u010dovjek vi\u0161e_\n_ne\u0107e biti policajac hrvatske policije,_ 9 February 2017, [http://www.vecernji.hr/](http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/vlaho-orepic-ako-je-netko-prekoracio-ovlasti-taj-covjek-vise-nece-biti-policajac-hrvatske-policije-1148453)\n[hrvatska/vlaho-orepic-ako-je-netko-prekoracio-ovlasti-taj-covjek-vise-nece-](http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/vlaho-orepic-ako-je-netko-prekoracio-ovlasti-taj-covjek-vise-nece-biti-policajac-hrvatske-policije-1148453)\n[biti-policajac-hrvatske-policije-1148453](http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/vlaho-orepic-ako-je-netko-prekoracio-ovlasti-taj-covjek-vise-nece-biti-policajac-hrvatske-policije-1148453)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.8920021653175354, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nmigrants", - "confidence": 0.9320295453071594, - "start": 762, - "end": 765 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "quired rescue over the Easter weekend. [38]\n\n\nRescuers operating in international waters off the\ncoast of Libya and often working in difficult conditions continue to save thousands of lives each\nmonth. In early May, UNHCR\u2019s High Commissioner,\nFilippo Grandi, stated that saving lives must be the\ntop priority for all and called for further efforts to\n\n\n38 UNHCR Regional Office of Southern Europe, _Italy Sea Arrivals_\n_Dashboard: January \u2013 April 2017,_ [April 2017, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56593)\n[documents/download/56593](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56593)\n\n\n\ngees and migrants rescued at sea, Italian authorities\nhave rescued 34 per cent, commercial vessels 16\nper cent, EUNAVFOR Med 9 per cent, and Frontex\n7 per cent. [40]\n\n\n39 UNHCR, _News comment by the United Nations High Commissioner_\n_for Refugees, Filippo Grandi, on Mediterranean crossings over the weekend,_\n7 May 2017, [http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/590f216a4/news-com-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/590f216a4/news-comment-united-nations-high-commissioner-refugees-filippo-grandi-mediterranean.html)\n[ment-united-nations-high-commissioner-refugees-flippo-grandi-mediterra-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/590f216a4/news-comment-united-nations-high-commissioner-refugees-filippo-grandi-mediterranean.html)\n[nean.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/590f216a4/news-comment-united-nations-high-commissioner-refugees-filippo-grandi-mediterranean.html)\n40 This excludes Italian vessels co-financed by Frontex. See Italian\nCoast Guard, _Attivit\u00e0 S.A.R. (Search and Rescue) nel Mediterraneo Centrale:_\n_Aprile 2017,_ [April 2017, http://www.guardiacostiera.gov.it/attivita/Documents/](http://www.guardiacostiera.gov.it/attivita/Documents/attivita-sar-immigrazione-2017/Aprile%20ita.pdf)\n[attivita-sar-immigrazione-2017/Aprile%20ita.pdf](http://www.guardiacostiera.gov.it/attivita/Documents/attivita-sar-immigrazione-2017/Aprile%20ita.pdf)\n\n\n### _Saving lives must be the top priority for all and, in_ _light of the recent increase in arrivals, I urge further_ _efforts to rescue people along this dangerous route._\n# \u201c\n\n[UNHCR High Commissioner Filippo Grandi, May 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/590f216a4/news-comment-united-nations-high-commissioner-refugees-filippo-grandi-mediterranean.html)\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nBetween January and April 2017, the top five countries of origin of arrivals by sea to Italy have been Nigeria (14 per cent), Bangladesh (12 per cent), Guinea\n(11 per cent), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (11 per cent), and Gambia\n(8 per cent). Since February, Bangladeshi arrivals\nhave increased significantly with many reported to\narrive in Libya by plane. [41] Mitiga airport in Tripoli has\nsince banned the entry of Bangladeshi nationals as\nwell as nationals of Syria, Sudan, Egypt and Morocco. [42]\n\n\nEritreans, the second largest group arriving in Italy in 2016, arrived in greater numbers in March and\nApril and make up the ninth largest group to arrive\nby sea in Italy so far in 2017. However, arrival patterns of specific groups in Italy do not necessarily\ncorrespond with movement by such groups to Libya as many arrivals continue to report being held\nin detention, including by non-governmental actors\nfor forced labour, for many months prior to being released and being able to cross to Italy.\n\n\nIn the first four months of the year, most arrivals\n\n\n41 The Independent, _Bangladesh is now the single biggest country_\n_of origin for refugees on boats as new route to Europe emerges,_ 5 May\n[2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-mi-](http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-migrants-bangladesh-libya-italy-numbers-smuggling-dhaka-dubai-turkey-detained-a7713911.html)\n[grants-bangladesh-libya-italy-numbers-smuggling-dhaka-dubai-turkey-de-](http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-migrants-bangladesh-libya-italy-numbers-smuggling-dhaka-dubai-turkey-detained-a7713911.html)\n[tained-a7713911.html](http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-migrants-bangladesh-libya-italy-numbers-smuggling-dhaka-dubai-turkey-detained-a7713911.html)\n42 Libyan Express, _Mitiga airport authorities ban entries of five_\n_countries\u2019 nationals to Tripoli,_ 8 May 2017, [http://www.libyanexpress.com/](http://www.libyanexpress.com/mitiga-airport-authorities-ban-entries-of-five-countries-to-tripoli/)\n[mitiga-airport-authorities-ban-entries-of-fve-countries-to-tripoli/](http://www.libyanexpress.com/mitiga-airport-authorities-ban-entries-of-five-countries-to-tripoli/)\n\n\n\nwere men (75 per cent), with 10 per cent of arrivals\nadult women, 14 per cent unaccompanied or separated children (UASC), and 1 per cent accompanied\nchildren. As of the end of April, 5,190 UASC had\nreached Italy. Most were from Bangladesh, Guinea,\nIvory Coast, and The Gambia. While UASC comprise\na slightly lower proportion of arrivals (14 per cent)\ncompared to the same period last year (16 per cent),\ntheir numbers have increased 14 per cent from 4,541\nin the first four months of 2016. Of the 795 Bangladeshi UASC that arrived so far in 2017, 306 (38 per\ncent) arrived in April. The proportions of UASC have\nbeen particularly high amongst Iraqi arrivals (33 per\ncent) as well as Somali nationals (28 per cent). [43]\n\n\nIn the first four months of the year, most women arriving by sea were from Nigeria and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.\nThey made up 30 per cent of Nigerian arrivals and\n13 per cent of Ivoirian arrivals. In addition to Nigerians, the proportion of women amongst arrivals was\nalso highest amongst arrivals from Cameroon (22\nper cent), Somalia (21 per cent) and Eritrea, Syria,\nand Iraq (17 per cent each). [44] In 2016, IOM estimated\nthat around 80 per cent of Nigerian women arriving\n\n\n43 UNHCR Regional Office for Southern Europe, _Italy \u2013 Unaccompa-_\n_nied and Separated Children (UASC) Dashboard,_ April 2017, [https://data2.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56594)\n[unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56594](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56594)\n44 UNHCR Regional Office for Southern Europe, _Italy Sea Arrivals_\n_Dashboard: January \u2013 April 2017_ [, April 2017, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56593)\n[documents/download/56593](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/56593)\n\n\n\nMONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY 2013 - APR 2017\n\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n25,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n \n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n2013 2014 2015 2016 2017\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.8163006901741028, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi arrivals", - "confidence": 0.6641577482223511, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Italy Sea Arrivals_\n_Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.5474495887756348, - "start": 604, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.7568426728248596, - "start": 601, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017_", - "confidence": 0.6403810381889343, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nPERCENTAGE OF RESCUES CONDUCTED - JANUARY TO APRIL 2016 AND 2017\n\n\n40%\n\n35%\n\n30%\n\n25%\n\n20%\n\n15%\n\n10%\n\n5%\n\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nItalian Coast Guard Italian Navy Frontex Commercial\n\nvessels\n\n\nJan-Apr 2016 Jan-Apr 2017\n\n\n\nNGOs EUNAVFOR Med Guardia di Finanza\n\n\n_Source: Italian Coast Guard_\n\n\n\nIn the first four months of 2017, 1,019 persons have\nbeen reported dead or missing in the Central Mediterranean [47] compared to 970 in the same period\nlast year. This amounts to one death for every 36\npersons who reached Italy compared to one death\nfor every 29 persons who crossed in the first four\nmonths of 2016. So far in 2017 there have been\neight incidents in which 50 or more persons are\nthought to have died in a single incident. All but\nthree of these appear to have occurred within Libyan waters. In the incident in which the most persons\ndied, a group of an estimated 176 persons, mainly\nfrom Eritrea, are thought to have drowned on 14\nJanuary in international waters after the motors of\nthe yacht they were on board broke several hours\nafter departure and the boat sank trapping many on\nboard. While some survived the initial sinking, they\nultimately succumbed to exhaustion and the icy sea\nwith just four survivors rescued 11 hours after the\nboat sank.\n\n\n47 UNHCR, _News comment by Volker T\u00fcrk, UNHCR\u2019s Assistant_\n_High Commissioner for Protection, on new Mediterranean shipwreck,_\n[29 March 2017, http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58dbc6b04/](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58dbc6b04/news-comment-volker-turk-unhcrs-assistant-high-commissioner-protection.html)\n[news-comment-volker-turk-unhcrs-assistant-high-commissioner-protec-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58dbc6b04/news-comment-volker-turk-unhcrs-assistant-high-commissioner-protection.html)\n[tion.html; UNHCR,](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58dbc6b04/news-comment-volker-turk-unhcrs-assistant-high-commissioner-protection.html) _News Comment from Vincent Cochetel, Director of_\n_UNHCR\u2019s Europe bureau,_ [23 March 2017, http://www.unhcr.org/news/](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d440254/news-comment-vincent-cochetel-director-unhcrs-europe-bureau.html)\n[press/2017/3/58d440254/news-comment-vincent-cochetel-director-un-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d440254/news-comment-vincent-cochetel-director-unhcrs-europe-bureau.html)\n[hcrs-europe-bureau.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/3/58d440254/news-comment-vincent-cochetel-director-unhcrs-europe-bureau.html)\n\n\n\nRead more about sea\narrivals to Italy:\n\n\n\nby sea in Italy may be victims of trafficking. [45] UNHCR also continues to hear accounts indicating that\nmany women arriving in Italy have been victims of\nsexual violence at some point on their journey.\n\n\nLibya continues to be the primary departure point\nfor almost all with 97 per cent having left from there.\nThe Libyan Coast Guard reported having intercepted and rescued 3,509 persons in the first four\nmonths of 2017. [46] Those intercepted and rescued\nare then sent back to detention centres. In recent\nmonths, smugglers appear to have been driving up\nbusiness by reporting that departures are likely to\nbecome more restricted due to new agreements\nbetween Libya and the EU. At the same time, it\nhas also been reported that prices for some have\ndropped and provided an incentive for people to attempt the crossing in adverse weather conditions.\nSome new arrivals also continue to report being\nforced onto boats at gunpoint while others have\nreported being intercepted at sea by rival smuggling groups. No large vessels have yet arrived from\nEgypt this year.\n\n\n45 The Guardian, _Number of Nigerian women trafficked to Italy for sex_\n_almost doubled in 2016,_ [12 January 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/glob-](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafficked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016)\n[al-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafcked-to-italy-for-sex-dou-](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafficked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016)\n[bled-2016](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafficked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016)\n46 UNHCR, _Libya: Rescue at sea, monthly update,_ [April 2017, https://](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/unhcr_libya_rescue_at_sea_apr_2017.pdf)\n[www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/fles/documents/fles/unhcr_lib-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/unhcr_libya_rescue_at_sea_apr_2017.pdf)\n[ya_rescue_at_sea_apr_2017.pdf](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/unhcr_libya_rescue_at_sea_apr_2017.pdf)\n\n\n\nSEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY: TOP 5 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN - JAN - APR 2017\n\n\n2,500\n\n\n2,000\n\n\n1,500\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n500\n\n\n0\n\nJan 17 Feb 17 Mar 17 Apr 17\nNigeria 483 1,204 1,472 2,094\nBangladesh 224 1,079 1,528 1,814\nGuinea 796 1,296 1,076 1,016\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire 839 806 882 1,393\nThe Gambia 359 885 988 618\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY", - "confidence": 0.6972268223762512, - "start": 610, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9726937413215637, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6111626029014587, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nFactors contributing to the high number of deaths\ninclude overloading of boats, the longer sea journey\ncompared to other routes, the poor quality of inflatable vessels used, low prices offered to encourage\nmore to travel despite rough sea conditions, lack of\nmeans for many boats to communicate their positions when in distress, and detention and mistreatment in Libya resulting in some persons being critically ill prior to departure and later succumbing to\ntheir injuries or poor health. Children too continue\nto be amongst the casualties at sea, including two\nunaccompanied brothers of 8 and 5 who were trampled to death in January as other passengers on\nboard the overcrowded boat panicked while awaiting rescue.\n\n\nIn 2017, the trend of more persons staying in Italy\nand seeking asylum has continued, including due to\nimprovements to the Italian asylum system as well\nas tightened border controls by Italy\u2019s neighbours.\nAs of the end of April, there were over 175,000 refugees and migrants accommodated at reception\ncentres around the country. In addition, in the first\nfour months of 2017, 47,456 persons applied for asylum compared to 30,290 who lodged applications in\nthe first four months of 2016, a 57 per cent increase.\nOf the 23,106 applications determined during that\nperiod, 42 per cent were granted some form of protection with 18 per cent were granted international\nprotection (9 per cent refugee status and 9 per cent\nsubsidiary protection) while humanitarian protection\nwas granted to 24 per cent of applicants.\n\n\nA total of 5,363 asylum-seekers had been relocated\nunder the EU\u2019s Emergency Relocation Mechanism\nas of the end of April after 19 months of the pro\n\n\ngramme. However, the majority of nationalities arriving by sea in Italy are ineligible for the programme.\nFollowing tighter border controls by Italy\u2019s neighbours to prevent onward movement since mid2016, at least six refugees and migrants are known\nto have been killed trying to depart Italy since the\nstart of the year, making a total of 12 killed since\nOctober 2016, the majority of which have been at\nthe France-Italy border. In contrast, no deaths were\nrecorded in the first four months of 2016.\n\n\nSince the start of the year, at the France-Italy border, a Libyan man was knocked down by a vehicle\nin Ventimiglia on 4 January, while on 5 February an\nAlgerian man was killed by a train as he walked towards the border along the train tracks near Ventimiglia. On 17 February, the body of a man believed\nto have been a refugee or migrant was found dead\non top of a train at Cannes station that had arrived\nfrom Ventimiglia while on 21 March the body of a\nSudanese man was recovered in France after he fell\nfrom a cliff while walking along a particularly dangerous route between Ventimiglia and the French\ntown of Menton. Lastly, on 22 March, an Afghan\nman fell from the Ponte Sal Luigi bridge in Ventimiglia shortly after having been returned to Italy by\nFrench authorities. At the Switzerland-Italy border,\na 20-year-old Malian national was electrocuted on a\ntrain on 27 February while another person was seriously injured in the same manner near Chiasso on\n19 March. At the France-Italy and Switzerland-Italy\nborders, refugees and migrants attempting to depart from Italy continue to be sent back, including\nUASC, and so many resort to riskier ways to try to\ncross the border.\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nPRIMARY COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY BY GENDER AND AGE JAN - APR 2017\n\n\n - Accompanied children **Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\nArrival figures for Italy are provided by the Italian Ministry of Interior. Figures are subject to future adjustment and should not be considered final.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n### WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sea arrivals to mainland
3,072
Melilla arrivals
1,150|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Melilla arrivals
**1,150**
Sea arrivals to mainland
**3,072**|Melilla arrivals
**1,150**|Melilla arrivals
**1,150**|\n|Melilla arrivals
**1,150**
Sea arrivals to mainland
**3,072**|Melilla arrivals
**1,150**||\n\n\n\nSea crossings from North Africa to Spain continue\nto rise with 3,072 persons crossing to the Spanish\nmainland by sea in the first four months of 2017\ncompared to 1,102 in the same period in 2016 (a\n179 per cent increase). Most people are presently\ncrossing through the Alboran Sea with around 3040 people in most boats (but sometimes up to 65).\nMost boats cross from Morocco and those coming\nfrom Algeria (a far smaller number) are usually carrying only Algerians. In the Straits of Gibraltar, the\ncrossing appears to be more dangerous with people seeming to travel in bad weather conditions to\navoid detection by Moroccan authorities. So far,\nmost of the deaths in the Western Mediterranean\nhave been in the Straits of Gibraltar. As of the end of\nApril, 48 deaths had been recorded in the Western\nMediterranean compared to 25 in the same period\nin 2016 (a 92 per cent increase) and amounting to\none death for every 64 persons who were able to\ncross to the Spanish mainland, a lower rate than in\nthe Central Mediterranean.\n\n\nA further 2,314 people entered the two enclaves\nof Melilla and Ceuta since the start of 2017, an increase of 36 per cent from the 1,707 that entered\n\n\n\nthe enclaves irregularly in the same period in 2016.\nIn February, 927 people entered Ceuta irregularly\nby land with hundreds crossing in two attempts in\nthree days in mid-February compared to 84 in January, 63 in March, and 38 in April. Push-backs at the\nland borders continue to be recorded with at least\n500 people estimated to have been pushed back\nin 2017.\n\n\nOf the new arrivals in Spain, 21 per cent are from\nGuinea, 18 per cent from the Ivory Coast, 10 per cent\nfrom The Gambia, 10 per cent from Syria, and 10 per\ncent from Morocco. Persons from Sub-Saharan Africa crossing to Spain usually reported spending several months in Morocco before being able to cross.\nA number of UASC are arriving in Spain from Ivory\nCoast, The Gambia, Guinea and Morocco. Amongst\nthe women arriving, there are concerns of high rates\nof sexual violence and suspicions that many may\nhave been trafficked.\n\n\nBetween January and April 2017, 537 Syrians (plus\n40 Palestinians) arrived in Spain (almost all via\nMelilla). Syrians continue to arrive mostly in family\n\n\n\nTOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF ARRIVALS TO SPAIN - JAN TO APR 2017\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire 275 203 195 202\n\nThe Gambia 168 138 150 89\n\nSyrian Arab Republic 125 118 138 154\n\nCameroon 25 381 12 19\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.731461763381958, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa", - "confidence": 0.5155094861984253, - "start": 503, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5714783668518066, - "start": 567, - "end": 568 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7073983550071716, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.7120017409324646, - "start": 570, - "end": 571 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\ngroups, an increase of 33 per cent compared to the\nsame period last year. Of the 537 Syrian arrivals up\nto the end of April 2017, 28 per cent have been men,\n25 per cent women, and 47 per cent children. While\nmany of the newly-arrived Syrians have reported living in Algeria for some time, others have crossed\nto Spain as a means to try to reunify with family\nmembers already elsewhere in Europe. Those using\nthis route for reunification purposes have reported\nusing a diverse range of routes facing a series of\nrisks, including during irregular border crossings,\nhighlighting the need for greater access to family\nreunification as an alternative to families having to\nundertake such dangerous journeys. On 17 April,\ntwo groups of Syrians, including children, babies\nand two pregnant women, became stranded in dire\nconditions at the Algerian-Moroccan border after\nneither country would admit them.\n\n\nAs refugees and migrants wait to be transferred to\nthe mainland from the enclaves, overcrowded re\n\n\nception conditions in the enclaves continue to be\nof concern with over 1,000 waiting in the Ceuta reception centre, which has capacity for 510 persons,\nand 1,00 persons including 350 asylum-seekers and\n250 women and children, waiting in the Melilla reception centre, which has capacity for 490 persons,\nas of the end of April. In April, lesbian, gay, bisexual,\ntransgender, and intersex (LGBTI) asylum-seekers\nwaiting in Ceuta for transfer to the mainland reported facing harassment at the reception centre from\nother residents. [48] Around 50 LGBTI others in Melilla, where the majority have been waiting for over\na year for transfer to the mainland, have reported\nsimilar experiences.\n\n\n48 Human Rights Watch, _Spain: LGBT asylum seekers abused in North_\n_African enclave,_ [28 April 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/28/spain-](https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/28/spain-lgbt-asylum-seekers-abused-north-african-enclave)\n[lgbt-asylum-seekers-abused-north-african-enclave](https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/28/spain-lgbt-asylum-seekers-abused-north-african-enclave)\n\n\n\nSEA AND LAND ARRIVALS TO SPAIN 2015 - 2017\n\n\n1,400\n\n\n1,200\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n\n\n\n800\n\n\n600\n\n\n400\n\n\n200\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\nLand 2015 1,276 602 793 1,142 866 932 863 862 1,032 1,079 945 588\nLand 2016 483 275 253 446 339 334 317 599 656 851 531 848\nLand 2017 331 1201 355 298\nSea 2015 264 44 280 243 512 414 380 417 621 1,059 557 492\nSea 2016 492 222 351 451 575 715 458 934 1248 1,110 854 752\nSea 2017 1000 475 842 849\n\n\nArrival figures for Spain are provided by Spanish Ministry of Interior and Spanish Police. Figures are subject to future adjustment and should not be considered final.\n\n\n\nin countries of first arrival in Europe. [52] In addition, EU\nMember States need to improve access to existing\nlegal mechanisms for those eligible to move from\none EU Member State to another, including through\nthe Emergency Relocation Mechanism and family\nreunion. UNHCR has called for measures, including\nthe consistent application of a broader definition of\nqualifying family links for family reunion purposes to\nalso include families formed in transit, siblings, adult\nchildren and parents of an adult.\n\n\nAs European States increase support to third countries, including to strengthen their management of\nborders and migration flows, it is critical that such\nactions do not result in any further hindrance to the\nright to seek and enjoy international protection, including in Europe.\n\n\nLastly, UNHCR calls for European States to stop border practices that are not in accordance with international and European law, including push-backs,\ndenial of access to asylum procedures, and use\nof violence by authorities, and instead ensure that\nthose in need of protection are identified and assisted by border authorities.\n\n\n52 See UNHCR, _Better Protecting Refugees in the EU and Globally,_\nDecember 2016, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html for detailed](http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html)\nrecommendations.\n\n\n#### CONCLUSION\n\n\n\nTo prevent the continuing rates of loss of life at Europe\u2019s external borders, including of those seeking\ninternational protection, European States need to\nexpand existing pathways as well as create credible complementary opportunities for safe and legal\nentry. This includes by increasing resettlement places, removing obstacles to family reunification, [49] and\nmaking available to refugees some of the mobility\nschemes foreseen in section 2 of the Valletta Summit action plan, [50] amongst other measures. UNHCR\nhas called for specific steps towards such efforts\nincluding expanding the scope of family reunification and for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection to\nhave access to family reunification under the same\nfavourable rules as those with refugee status. [51]\n\n\nIn order to reduce irregular onward movement, European States need to enhance the quality of reception conditions, facilitate family reunion within the\nEU under the Dublin Regulation, increase funding\nfor integration support as well as establish fair and\nefficient asylum determination procedures including\n\n\n49 UNHCR, _UNHCR Statement on the Senior Officials\u2019 Meeting_\n_on Migration in Valetta,_ 10 February 2017, [http://www.unhcr.org/news/](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/2/589dddb54/unhcr-statement-senior-officials-meeting-migration-valetta.html)\n[press/2017/2/589dddb54/unhcr-statement-senior-ofcials-meeting-migra-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/2/589dddb54/unhcr-statement-senior-officials-meeting-migration-valetta.html)\n[tion-valetta.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/2/589dddb54/unhcr-statement-senior-officials-meeting-migration-valetta.html)\n50 _2015 Valletta Summit on Migration Action Plan_, 12 November\n[2015, https://goo.gl/KAmyB7](https://goo.gl/KAmyB7)\n51 UNHCR, _Better Protecting Refugees in the EU and Globally,_ December 2016, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html)\n\n\n13\n\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0818515f-47b7-3472-a72e-8c94cd4f0caf/57696.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_11/raw/doc_11_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_11/raw/doc_11_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7eb38dfc74d60ff7177d9f2b166013ba80601800..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_11/raw/doc_11_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,990 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n# FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN\n\n\n_Afghans have been enduring the adverse consequences of forced displacement for decades, way before_\n_the current \u201crefugee crisis\u201d gained the international spotlight with the surge of asylum seekers trying_\n_to escape conflict in Syria. Afghanistan is not only the country with the largest number of refugees_\n_in protracted exile, but it is also facing a sharp increase in displacement trends due to the escalation_\n_of internal conflict. It is estimated that 2.5 million registered Afghan refugees remain in neighboring_\n_countries, with a possibly equal number of undocumented migrants with similar protection needs in_\n_Iran and Pakistan_ _[1]_ _. Internal displacement is no less of a problem, with an estimated 1.2 million IDPs\u2019_\n_population potentially in need of humanitarian assistance._\n\n\n_Despite the continuous deterioration of the security situation within Afghanistan, a shrinking asylum_\n_space within the international community and changes in the geopolitical equilibrium at the regional_\n_level have recently spurred the return (mostly involuntary) of thousands of refugees and asylum from_\n_Pakistan and, in lower numbers, from Iran and Europe. As of September 7th, returns from Pakistan_\n_alone account for 98,000 registered and 135,000 undocumented Afghans; additional 400,000 are_\n_expected to return by the end of the year joining the growing stock of IDPs._\n\n\n_The need for managing and protecting displaced populations is taking place in a country lacking a_\n_system of safety nets and suffering from a severe economic crisis that has pushed at least 1.3 million_\n_additional Afghans into poverty, and triggered a three-fold increase in unemployment between 2012_\n_and 2014. Can Afghanistan manage the ongoing displacement challenge? Can the country absorb and_\n_successfully reintegrate displaced populations under the current security and economic circumstances?_\n_What priorities should the government and the international community address?_\n\n\n_To answer these questions it is necessary to assess Afghanistan\u2019s past experience with conflict and_\n_displacement, as well as the main structural challenges that shape the country\u2019s future._\n\n## **LEARNING FROM THE PAST**\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan has a long history of protracted international displacement.** Afghans\nfled by the millions\u2014mostly towards Iran and Pakistan\u2014in the aftermath of the Soviet\ninvasion of 1979; some returned to Afghanistan in the early 1990s following tightening\nof asylum conditions in receiving countries, while Afghanistan\u2019s civil war and the\nadvent of the Taliban reignited a new exodus to neighboring countries. The toppling\nof the Taliban regime in 2001 marked the beginning of a massive wave of returning\nAfghans. Between 2001 and 2015, UNHCR assisted the return of 4.8 million Afghans,\nand many more returned without official assistance. An estimated 20 percent of the\ntotal population currently residing in Afghanistan is made up of returnees.\n\n\n### Afghanistan has a long history of displacement.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Returns were concentrated in time and space,** thus posing a disproportionately large challenge to\nthe absorption capacity of some districts and provinces (Figure 1 and 2) [2] . While the local impact of a\nmassive influx of refugees, and the capacity to reintegrate, depends on a range of factors [3], one thing is\nclear: **local absorption capacity certainly has a limit.** Once the limit\u2014which could vary by time and area\ndepending on local circumstances\u2014is reached, competition over resources could trigger or reinforce\n\n\n### Local absorption capacity has a limit.\n\n\n\npre-existing causes of conflict, especially since institutions are weak. In 2007, districts\nthat had received the largest influx of returnees relative to the local population were\nmore likely to suffer higher insecurity (Figure 3) [4] . Over time, intensification of conflict\nand saturation of local absorption capacity have also determined the **progressive**\n**increase in secondary displacement among returnees.** Tellingly, the incidence of\ninternal displacement among the returnees who came back in 2013 is twice as high\ncompared to those who returned in 2002, despite the fact that returnees in 2002\nwere almost 50 times more than in 2013 (Figure 4).\n\n\n\n**Figure 3** **\u0007Incidence of returns and severity of**\n\n**conflict at the district level, 2007**\n\n\n\n**Figure 4** **\u0007Share of secondary displacement,**\n\n**by year of return**\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nLow Medium\n\n\n\n2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013\n\n\n\nMedium Medium\n\n\n\nHigh\n\n\n\nHigh\n\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nLow\n\n\n\nYEAR OF RETURN\nCONFLICT SEVERITY\n\n\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on UNHCR and SIOCC-UNDSS data\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Returns", - "confidence": 0.7257170081138611, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.7930294275283813, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8623246550559998, - "start": 139, - "end": 140 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.7943277955055237, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.556352972984314, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5363711714744568, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.7894460558891296, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.549712598323822, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\nThe increase in secondary displacement among returnees is a strong sign that the country\u2019s capacity\nto absorb and reintegrate additional inflows of returnees was already overstretched before the\nsurge of recent months\u2019 returns. While no data are currently available on the incidence of secondary\ndisplacement among post-2013 returns, there is no reason to believe trends will be reversed: **a higher**\n**number of returns from abroad will likely result in an increase of internal displacement.** In particular,\nthe continued deterioration of the security situation and the economic crisis in Afghanistan are likely\nto further challenge the reintegration of more recent returns. Moreover, the increased competition for\nhumanitarian assistance at the global level, together with a shrinking space for asylum internationally\nare likely to further complicate the management of Afghanistan\u2019s current displacement crisis.\n\n## **RECOGNIZING STRUCTURAL AND PRESENT** **CHALLENGES**\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\u2019s capacity to manage displacement has to be appraised in relation to\nthe country\u2019s structural and present challenges.\n\n\n**Fragility and conflict** are Afghanistan\u2019s first structural challenge. If peace and\nstability are pre-requisite for development to take place, Afghanistan is (still)\nmissing both. According to the Global Peace Index, in 2016 the country ranks the\nfourth less peaceful after Syria, South Sudan and Iraq. Moreover, decades of conflict\nhave had a destabilizing effect on the social cohesion of the country, exacerbating\nethnic divisions and weakening government institutions and rule of law. Similarly,\ndecades of conflict have depleted Afghanistan\u2019s physical and human capital which,\ndespite the progress achieved since 2001, will constrain its growth prospects for\ndecades to come.\n\n\n### A higher number of returns from abroad will likely result in an increase of internal displacement.\n\n\n\nSecond among its structural challenges is **Afghanistan\u2019s demographic profile.** With a total fertility rate\nof about 5.3 children per woman in 2014, [5] and a population growth rate of approximately 3 percent per\nyear between 2010 and 2015, Afghanistan has the youngest population in South Asia: **48 percent of**\n**Afghans are below the age of 15.** Equally, Afghanistan has the highest youth bulge [6] of any country in\nthe region, and the third highest youth bulge worldwide after Uganda and Chad: **more than one fifth**\n**of the adult population in Afghanistan is aged between 15 and 24.** A young and growing population\ncan be both a challenge and an opportunity, depending on a country\u2019s ability to invest in human capital\nand productively employ its growing labor force.\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0\n\n|re 5 Youth Dependency ratio and youth bulge in Central and South Asian Countries n (0\u201315)/(Total Pop.) n (15\u201324)/(15+) 47.5|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|Col18|Col19|Col20|Col21|Col22|Col23|Col24|Col25|Col26|Col27|Col28|Col29|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|47.5
|\n|47.5
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|||37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|\n|||37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|||37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|||37.8
35.0
30.6
34.8
31.0 32.7 31.1
31.4
26.7
29.4 27.6 28.8

28.5
26.4 28.226.5 27.5 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.7|||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|||||||||||||||25.9||||||
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|\n|||||||||||||||25.9||||||
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|
20.4
24.6
23.6
20.0
20.8|||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\n\nAfghanistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan India Turkmenistan Bhutan Sri Lanka\nPakistan Nepal Bangladesh Uzbekistan Maldives Kazakhstan Iran\n\n\nSources: ALCS 2013\u201314 and UNDESA (2015)\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Peace Index", - "confidence": 0.9965128302574158, - "start": 239, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9545104503631592, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.778923511505127, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.977360188961029, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Youth Dependency ratio", - "confidence": 0.8154852986335754, - "start": 520, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central and South Asian Countries", - "confidence": 0.9464062452316284, - "start": 527, - "end": 532 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adult population", - "confidence": 0.5674074292182922, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.8603557348251343, - "start": 4415, - "end": 4416 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNDESA", - "confidence": 0.6498435139656067, - "start": 4420, - "end": 4421 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8039511442184448, - "start": 4422, - "end": 4423 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.9488633871078491, - "start": 4416, - "end": 4419 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\nIn the case of Afghanistan, a young and growing population poses tremendous challenges to its public\nfinances, already stretched by limited revenues potential and massive security spending needs. Fiscal\nanalysis shows that, with the current population growth, Afghanistan will need to increase human\ncapital investments by 12 percent every year just to maintain current (inadequate) education outcomes.\nSimilarly, a growing labor force requires the labor market to absorb approximately 400 thousands\nnew entrants per year. Labor demand strong enough to be able to accommodate this many workers\nrequires sustained economic growth, which, at the moment, is beyond the country\u2019s capacity given its\nfragility and security constraints [7] .\n\n\n### Afghanistan is currently facing a deteriorating conflict and a severe economic crisis.\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan is currently facing a deteriorating conflict and a severe economic**\n**crisis** which further limits the fiscal space for development spending and targeted\nsocial assistance. Violence increased to a post-2001 high of 18,414 incidents and\n6,791 civilian casualties in 2015, while an increasing proportion of Afghanistan\u2019s\nterritory either fell under control of the anti-government elements or is currently\naffected by conflict. Decline in international spending due to the drawdown of\ninternational military forces, together with the deterioration of the security\nsituation, led to severe contraction in growth. GDP growth rate was 1.3 percent in\n2014 and 0.8 percent in 2015 compared to an average of 9.8 percent per year from\n2003 to 2012.\n\n\n\n**Figure 6** **\u0007Evolution of conflict and real per**\n\n**capita GDP growth**\n\n\n\nn [ Incident ] n [ Civilian casualties]\n\n**\u2014** [ GDP growth ] [Linear (GDP growth)]\n\n\n\n**Figure 7** **\u0007Youth unemployment**\n\n\n\n\n\n1,600\n\n\n1,200\n\n\n800\n\n\n400\n\n\n200\n\n\n\n2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n900\n\n\n800\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n|n Rate \u2014 Number 56.3|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|\n|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|56.3|||||||\n|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|41.0|||||||\n||||||34.3|34.3|34.3|34.3||37.1|37.1|37.1|37.1|37.1|\n||||||34.3|34.3|34.3|34.3||37.1|37.1|37.1|37.1||\n||||||||||||||||\n|27.9
22.5|27.9
22.5|27.9
22.5|27.9
22.5|||26.4|26.4|26.4||26.0
21.3|26.0
21.3|26.0
21.3|26.0
21.3||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n|Total
Male
National
Female|Total
Male
National
Female|Total
Male
National
Female|Total
Male
National
Female|Total
Male
National
Female|Total
Male
Urban
Female|Total
Male
Urban
Female|Total
Male
Urban
Female|Total
Male
Urban
Female|Total
Male
Urban
Female|Total
Male
Rural
Female|Total
Male
Rural
Female|Total
Male
Rural
Female|Total
Male
Rural
Female|Total
Male
Rural
Female|\n\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on UNHCR and SIOCC-UNDSS data Sources: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\n**A sharp increase in poverty has accompanied the slowdown in growth.** Lacking any safety net system\nable to help households manage the economic downturn, the poverty rate increased from 36 percent in\n2011\u201312 to 39 percent in 2013\u201314. Similarly, labor market indicators deteriorated markedly, with a threefold increase in the unemployment rate over the same period. In 2013\u201314, the national unemployment\nrate was 22.6 percent and youth unemployment was 28 percent, representing one-half million male\nyouth unemployed, two-thirds of which were living in poor rural areas. **High male-youth unemployment**\n**is a concern because of its potential to increase poverty and conflict.** A growing body of literature\nrecognizes the direct correlation between youth bulges, lack of socio-economic inclusion and conflict.\nAn in-depth analysis of the effects of youth bulges on a variety of conflicts between 1950 and 2000\nshows that youth bulges can cause conflict. Further, the risk of domestic armed conflict from a youth\nbulge becomes more severe when combined with economic stagnation and institutional fragility [8] .\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n## **BROADEN THE PERSPECTIVE**\n\n\n\n**Conflict and narrow economic opportunities are familiar to Afghans.** For decades,\nAfghans have coped with shocks from protracted conflict, insecurity, and the inherent\nuncertainty associated with agricultural livelihoods [9] . Faced with frequent shocks\nand uncertainty, Afghan households have developed a set of risk management\nstrategies and risk coping mechanisms. **Traditionally, migration is at the core of**\n**the risk management strategies adopted by Afghan households.** Approximately\ntwo in three Afghans have changed residences during their lifetimes [10] . Over the past\ndecades, millions of households have moved internationally to seek shelter from\nconflict. In the process, they established a complex network of socio-economic\nties with neighboring countries, notably within Iran and Pakistan. Whole Afghan\nhouseholds have also abandoned rural areas in favor or urban areas in search of\ngreater security, better employment opportunities, and access to services. This\nhas contributed to exponential growth of major urban centers, especially Kabul,\nAfghanistan\u2019s capital city. Young, productive men have also migrated on their own\u2014\neither within Afghanistan or internationally\u2014to diversify income sources and support\ntheir households through remittances.\n\n\nGiven the complex and intertwined set of challenges faced by the Afghan\npopulation, motives of migration are hardly univocal. **Migration is part of a**\n**broader livelihood strategy at the household level aimed at counterbalancing**\n**insecurity and the lack of local employment opportunities.** Analysis shows [11] that\nhouseholds who feel more insecure in their district of residence are more likely to\nhave economic migrants abroad; but increase in real violence actually decreases\nthe likelihood to have a single member migrate, possibly due to increased need\nfor protection, or due to the fact that the entire households decides to move.\nHouseholds with better economic outcomes are less likely to rely on economic\nmigration; on the other hand, households with higher labor market vulnerability\nor with excess labor are more likely to diversify income sources through the\nmigration of a male household member.\n\n\n### Migration is at the core of the risk management strategies adopted by Afghan households. Afghan households rely on migration to counterbalance insecurity and lack of local employment opportunities.\n\n\n\nResults of the analysis also confirm that **economic migration is a strategy more easily accessible to**\n**households who can \u201cafford its costs\u201d.** In particular, having access to migration networks\u2014which is\nlikely for returnee households or households who have directly experienced economic migration\u2014\nreduces the costs of migration and increases the probability of household members working abroad.\nSimilarly, relatively richer households are more likely to have individual migrants as they are more\nlikely to have resources to support the costs of sending migrants abroad.\n\n\nThese findings suggest that, despite overall benefits, **migration might have less positive outcomes**\n**for the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population.** International evidence shows that\nwhile migration reduces poverty, the poor tend to migrate less or to migrate to low-return destinations\nbecause they lack opportunities or resources (monetary or human capital) to take advantage of\nbetter paying jobs [12] . Moreover, **migration outcomes are likely to differ depending on the forced**\n**versus voluntary nature of the decision to move.**\n\n\nPoverty and protection needs are widespread and largely unmet in Afghanistan. With 39 percent\nof the population unable to satisfy basic food and non-food needs (that is, are \u201cpoor\u201d), and in the\nabsence of formal safety nets to help households cope with shocks, migration is seldom the result of\nvoluntary choice. Rather, migration is primarily the result of \u201c _push factors_ \u201d related to insecurity and\nlack of socio-economic opportunities. In this context, mobile households are not the only vulnerable\nsegments of the population, and the structural factors that cause poverty in the general population\noverlap with those afflicting migrants.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n## **TAKE STOCK OF THE EVIDENCE**\n### Displaced populations\n\n\nForced displacement has been a tragic consequence of past decades of conflict in Afghanistan and it is\nlikely to connote its immediate future due to deteriorating security and regional equilibrium. Assessing\nthe welfare and integration of displaced households that are currently living in Afghanistan provides\nimportant insights on the challenges that future IDPs and prospective returnees might face.\n\n\n### Household mobility\u2014 irrespective of its forced and/ or economic motives\u2014is associated with urbanization.\n\n\n\n**Household mobility\u2014irrespective of its forced and/or economic motives\u2014**\n**is associated with urbanization** (Figure 8). IDP and returnee households\npredominantly settle in urban centers, joining a throng of economic migrants\nescaping rural areas in search for jobs and better access to health and education.\nIDP and returnee households are also more likely to have a literate household\nhead compared to households who did not move and to households who have\nmoved for economic reasons, reflecting better access to education returnees\nmight have had in asylum [13] . However, **IDPs\u2014similar to non-mobile households\u2014**\n**have very limited labor market outcomes.** Heads in IDP households are in fact\nmore likely to be either engaged in vulnerable forms of employment or to\nbe unemployed and/or underemployed. Returnee households are more likely\nto have a member working abroad and sending remittances, possibly taking\nadvantage of networks established while in asylum.\n\n\n\n**Figure 8** **\u0007Urbanization rate by households\u2019**\n\n**migration status**\n\n\n\n**Figure 9** **\u0007Poverty rate by households\u2019**\n\n**migration status**\n\n\n\n45\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n40\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n10\n10\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\nNo Move Returnee IDP Economic No Move Returnee IDP\n\n\n\nEconomic\n\nMigrant\n\n\n\nMigrant\n\n\n\nNotes: Vertical bar indicates the 95% confidence interval\nSources: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314 Sources: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\nPoverty and vulnerability are widespread in Afghanistan. **Mobility\u2014irrespective of its forced and/or**\n**economic motives\u2014is associated with a lower risk of poverty** (Figure 9); returnee households have\na significantly lower poverty risk compared to non-mobile households [14] . The poverty rate among\nreturnee households is 29.4 percent compared to 40.5 percent among non-mobile households. This\nlower poverty risk, however, is entirely explained by differences in literacy and in urbanization, with\nrefugee households being more likely to have a literate household head and to live in an urban area\ncompared to non-mobile households.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "status*", - "confidence": 0.6741371154785156, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.503505289554596, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9099381566047668, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.7862109541893005, - "start": 378, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.6696279644966125, - "start": 378, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee households", - "confidence": 0.8406595587730408, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.7248950004577637, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.6363537311553955, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6796689629554749, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.6618226170539856, - "start": 378, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.8721612095832825, - "start": 378, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee households", - "confidence": 0.8418574929237366, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "poverty rate", - "confidence": 0.5454302430152893, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n\nEvidence suggests that **literacy and human capital of mobile households are the**\n**main determinants of their socio-economic inclusion.** Further, the risk of poverty\nfor mobile households\u2014irrespective of the motives for migration\u2014depends on the\nsame factors that affect the risk of poverty in the Afghan population as a whole. As\na matter of fact, nearly 70 percent of the working age population in Afghanistan\nis illiterate, with illiteracy being widespread among the poorest segments of the\npopulation. Abysmally low literacy and overall poor human capital of the adult\npopulation are impediments to poverty reduction in Afghanistan. With conflict and\ndisplacement likely to continue in the near future, the relevant policy question is:\n**how does mobility, and forced displacement in particular, affect human capital**\n**accumulation?**\n\n\n### The risk of poverty for Afghan households - irrespective of their mobility status - depends on literacy and human capital.\n\n\n\nThere is no a priori answer to this question, as the effects depend on balance\nbetween improved access to services as mobile households settle in urban areas [15]\nand the _migration\u2019s costs_ (economic, social, psychological among them) that\ndecrease investment in human capital. Available evidence from the study of former refugees residing\nin Afghanistan in 2013\u201314 shows that **mobility during the decades before the fall of the Taliban**\n**had a positive effect on returnee literacy.** Despite progress during the last decade, Afghanistan\u2019s\neducation supply and quality lag\u2014that of neighboring countries. As a result, Afghans who were born\nabroad had better access to education than same-aged Afghans who did not move, particularly for\nolder returning Afghans.\n\n\n\n**Figure 10** **Afghans\u2019 literacy rate, by age and country of birth**\n\n~~n~~ [ Iran ] ~~n~~ [ Pakistan ] ~~n~~ [Afghanistan]\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n[0\u20134] [5\u201319] [10\u201314] [15\u201319] [20\u201324] [25\u201329] [30\u201334] [35\u201339] [40\u201344] [45\u201349] [50\u201354] [55\u201359] [60\u201364] [65+]\n\n\n\nSources: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\n**On the other hand, internal displacement has a negative impact on children\u2019s**\n**human capital accumulation.** In particular, regression analysis shows that children\naged six to 15 in IDP households are 8.5 percent less likely to be enrolled in school,\nand that such disadvantage is particularly severe for the first two years of residence\nin a new destination [16] . Such result is in line with findings of previous analysis [17]\nshowing that poorest and most vulnerable households in Afghanistan are more likely\nto adopt harmful coping strategies, such as selling their productive assets or taking\nchildren out of school, when hit by a shock. In this sense, displaced households\nmight be more vulnerable to the risk of engaging in harmful coping strategies in\nthe years immediately following displacement while adjusting their livelihoods to\nthe new destination.\n\n\n### Internal displacement has a negative impact on children\u2019s human capital accumulation.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study of former refugees residing\nin Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.579574465751648, - "start": 246, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9992380142211914, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.9981923699378967, - "start": 254, - "end": 257 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "former refugees", - "confidence": 0.7308467030525208, - "start": 248, - "end": 250 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.9657414555549622, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8501251935958862, - "start": 567, - "end": 568 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.941964864730835, - "start": 466, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP households", - "confidence": 0.754716157913208, - "start": 509, - "end": 511 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n### Individual economic migration\n\n\nThere is a paucity of data to study the importance of individual economic migration as a livelihood\nstrategy [18] . In line with anecdotal evidence and prevailing cultural norms, **economic migration is an**\n**exclusively male, and mostly youth, phenomenon.** The incidence of economic migration has varied\nover time, in line with the overall performance of the Afghan economy and its labor market (Figure 11).\nInterestingly, while migration has been increasing in recent years, the number of economic migrants in\n2013\u201314 was 40 percent less than that in 2007\u201308. This may be due to increased difficulty in accessing\nresources for leaving the country, or due to deterioration of economic opportunities in Iran [19], which\nnevertheless remains the most likely destination for Afghans seeking work abroad (Figure 12).\n\n\n\n**Figure 11** **\u0007Trends in individual economic**\n\n**migration**\n\n\nn [ # Migrant workers TOTAL ]\nn [ # Migrant workers ABROAD ]\n~~n~~ [ Unemployment rate, male [25\u201350]]\n\n\n250,000\n\n15\n\n200,000\n\n\n\n**Figure 12** **\u0007Destination of migrant workers,**\n\n**by survey year**\n\n\n\nn [ Afghanistan ] n [ Pakistan ] n [ Iran]\n\nn [ Arabian Peninsula ] n [ Other]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n100\n\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n150,000\n\n\n100,000\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2007\u201308 2011\u201312 2013\u201314 2007 2011 2013\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314, ALCS 2011\u201312 and\nNRVA 2007\u201308\n\n\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314, ALCS 2011\u201312 and\nNRVA 2007\u201308\n\n\n\nThe number of migrants choosing to migrate to \u201cOther\u201d farther away destinations (mainly Europe\nand Australia) is much higher in 2013 than it was in 2007, increasing from ten to almost 19 thousand,\nreflecting the deteriorating economic and political environment in neighboring countries and\npossibly the availability of new migration routes spurred by the Syrian refugee crisis. **Afghans**\n**choosing to seek employment opportunities abroad come predominantly from rural areas,** a\ntendency that has been strengthening along with deterioration of economic and security conditions\noutside urban centers.\n\n\n### Economic migration is a male-youth phenomenon.\n\n8\n\n\n\n**The education profile of migrants reflects the predominance of \u201cpush factors\u201d**\n**in migration choices, with no evidence of positive self-selection** [20] . In particular,\nusing the male population aged 15\u201335 as a reference, migrants have less education\nwhether they come from rural or urban areas. Such findings could also suggest\nthat migration options and networks are more broadly available for low-skilled\noccupations [21], particularly in neighboring Iran and Gulf Countries. **Migrants choosing**\n**farther destinations are more likely to be educated.** Sorting into destinations based\non migrants\u2019 education is likely to reflect higher costs associated with the journey\n(transport, smugglers, time\u2026) as well as the skills and connections necessary to obtain\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.6738075613975525, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5412333607673645, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.6409329175949097, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.5859713554382324, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.5033194422721863, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011\u201312", - "confidence": 0.5664069652557373, - "start": 298, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "workers TOTAL", - "confidence": 0.8326883316040039, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.5685502290725708, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.6042183637619019, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007\u201308", - "confidence": 0.5664543509483337, - "start": 295, - "end": 298 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "workers TOTAL", - "confidence": 0.8400651216506958, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\nthe information needed to complete the journey and settle/find employment once the destination is\nreached. In 2007\u201308, 44 percent of migrants choosing destinations other than Iran, Pakistan, or the\nArabian Peninsula had secondary or tertiary education. Such results are in line with data collected in the\nrecent _Joint IDP Profiling Services_ initiative, according to which male Afghans arriving in Greece in early\n2016 were mostly single youth possessing higher education.\n\n\n\n**Table 1** **\u0007Monthly labor income in Afghanistan**\n\n**and remittances from abroad**\n\n\n**MEAN** **MEDIAN**\n\n\n**Agriculture** 5930 4800\n\n\n**Manufacturing** 7496 7000\n\n\n**Construction** 6516 5600\n\n\n**Services** 9927 8000\n\n\n**Public sector** 14368 12000\n\n\n**Health and Education** 9402 7000\n\n\n**Remittances** 8581 5833\n\n\n**Total (excl. remittances)** **8529** **7000**\n\n\nNotes: labor income has been computed for male workers aged [14,35]\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\n\n**Figure 13** **\u0007Distribution of remittances,**\n\n**by sending country**\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nIran\n\n\nUAE\n\n\nOther Gulf\n\n\nEurope\n\n\nAustralia\n\n\nOther\n\n\n0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000\n\nMONTHLY REMITTANCES, AFS\n\n\nNote: The figure shows a box and whiskers plot. The box ranges from\nthe 25th percentile to the 75th percentile. The line in the middle of the\nbox shows the median. The two lines on either side of the box extend to\nminimum and maximum values, excluding outliers. The dots indicate outliers.\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314\n\n\n\nThe importance of individual economic migration in Afghan households\u2019 livelihood\nstrategy is confirmed by data on remittances. **The vast majority of economic**\n**migrants send remittances.** In 2013\u201314, 80 percent of Afghans who left the\nhousehold seeking employment opportunities abroad had sent remittances,\ncontributing on average about 70 percent of total labor income to their household.\nSuch numbers are striking, especially when considering that the information on\nremittances is collected on household members who left just during the year\npreceding the survey. This implies that over a very short period of time the vast\nmajority of migrants were able to find employment and contribute to the welfare\nof their households in Afghanistan. **Remittances\u2019 amounts vary by destination**\n**country,** reflecting differences in the education profile of migrants and in local\nwages. On average, remittances are approximately 8600 Afs per month, in line with\nthe average monthly income of a male worker below the age of 35 in Afghanistan.\nHowever, the median value of remittances is 20 percent lower, confirming the\nprevalence of low-skilled workers among migrants.\n\n\n### The vast majority of economic migrants send remittances. Remittances\u2019 amounts vary by destination country.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8961203098297119, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2019", - "confidence": 0.7102039456367493, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7937172055244446, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "\u201314\n\n\n\n*", - "confidence": 0.8743844032287598, - "start": 222, - "end": 225 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "\u201314\n\n\n\n*", - "confidence": 0.6906347870826721, - "start": 222, - "end": 225 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "workers aged", - "confidence": 0.6776162981987, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.6564828753471375, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.787973165512085, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9919359683990479, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.9387698769569397, - "start": 339, - "end": 342 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.882445752620697, - "start": 339, - "end": 342 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan households", - "confidence": 0.6156575679779053, - "start": 349, - "end": 351 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n## **MAIN MESSAGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nAfghanistan is facing a severe security and economic crisis. This crisis is taking place in a context\nalready complicated by an explosive mix of population growth, excess labor supply, widespread\npoverty, poor governance and lack of government capacity and financial resources to respond to\nthe needs of its citizens. While Afghans have traditionally relied on migration to navigate times of\ndistress, their options are shrinking at a time when needed the most; Iran is slowly recovering from\nan economic crisis, Pakistan is imposing strict border controls, and Europe is struggling with a\npolitical backlash resulting from the large mixed-migratory flows from Syria, Afghanistan and SubSaharan Africa.\n\n\nThe available evidence suggests that \u201cpush factors\u201d are the primary motivators for migration both\nwithin and outside Afghanistan. While migrants might choose where to go depending on available\nopportunities, leaving is more of a necessity, rather than a choice. With rampant unemployment and\nescalating conflict, security and economic motives are two sides of the same coin. Can these flows\nbe contained or reversed? The past history of displacement and returns to Afghanistan indicates the\npotential destabilizing effects of increasing population pressure on limited local resources. Given the\nincrease in secondary displacement among more recent waves of returnees, local absorption capacity\nappears already overtaxed. Additional returns from Pakistan, Iran, or Europe are likely to result in\nfurther secondary displacement, unemployment, and instability. _In such context, the_ _**international**_\n_**community should increase its advocacy to ensure voluntary, safe, dignified, and phased returns**_\n_as further population shocks could undermine civilian and military aid efforts and further escalate_\n_conflict. Peace and stability in Afghanistan are not only a pre-requisite for its development but also_\n_a global public good. If no country or institution alone has the capacity to help Afghanistan manage_\n_its displacement issues,_ _**the international community as a whole should mobilize resources to assist**_\n_**those countries such as Pakistan and Iran who have shared the burden for decades, conditioned**_\n_**on continued willingness to host refugee populations.**_ _Similarly, the international community as a_\n_whole should support the development of_ _**legal channels for temporary economic migration and**_\n_**more effective management of asylum requests**_ _which could help Afghanistan overcome its current_\n_crisis and ease its structural challenges._\n\n\nSecond, evidence suggests that factors affecting poverty risks among mobile households are the\nsame as the one observed in the general population. As Afghanistan\u2019s context is characterized by\nwidespread poverty and the degree of destitution among mobile households is not dissimilar from\nthe rest of the population, _**targeting needs should be preferred to targeting categories,**_ _not to_\n_create perceptions of unequal treatment that may exacerbate social fragmentation._ Such approach\nmight be particularly important as the government and international community move towards\na developmental approach in the management of displacement issues. As the fiscal space for\nsocial spending shrinks, _**consolidation of interventions should contribute to the development of a**_\n_**nationwide safety net system**_ aimed at helping household cope with risk and, possibly, at reducing\nsome of the causes of displacement.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\nThird, _**particular attention should be devoted to minimizing any possible negative impact of**_\n_**displacement on human capital investments for future generations.**_ Evidence suggests that the\nlack human capital is the main determinants of the risk of poverty and that households are likely\nto respond to negative shocks by pulling children out of school. While a comprehensive safety net\nsystem could help mitigating such negative consequences, bureaucratic barriers such as residency\nstatus and transferability of school records could negatively impact displaced or, more generally,\nmobile populations. Moreover, given the prevalence of mobility and displacement in Afghanistan,\ngreater focus should be devoted to investing in functional literacy and skill-development programs\nthat display greater portability and provide displaced individuals with greater access to economic\nopportunities, wherever they end up being.\n\n\nLastly, evidence suggests that migrants will likely continue to converge towards Afghanistan\u2019s urban\ncenters as they seek better security, jobs, and services. _Urbanization trends require immediate_\n_intervention by local authorities to increase shelter capacity and access to services. National and_\n_provincial authorities should further recognize that, in the medium and long term,_ _**local integration in**_\n_**urban and semi-urban areas is inevitable and it requires adequate planning**_ _to maximize the returns_\n_from urban agglomeration, for example by investing in connectivity and accessibility, while ensuring_\n_access to basic services and a minimum standard of living._\n\n## **ENDNOTES**\n\n\n1. UN Population Movement Bulletin, Issue 5, 7 Sept, 2016.\n\n\n2. Based on UNHCR assisted returns data, 78 percent of returns occurred between 2002 and 2006. Districts with\n\u201chigh\u201d intensity of returns in 2007 had an average share of returnees over the population of 70 percent.\n\n\n3. Returnee households are considered to have \u201creintegrated\u201d successfully if they were able to return to the place\nwhere they used to live before displacement, and if they were able to achieve\u2014on average\u2014socio-economic\noutcomes and legal protection in line with those of the local/host population. Household ability to reintegrate\nsuccessfully might depend on several factors related to the social, economic and institutional conditions prevailing\nin the host community, as well as on the physical, human and social capital accumulated by returnee households\nwhile in asylum, and on their returns \u201con arrival\u201d.\n\n\n4. According to NRVA 2007\u201308 data, approximately 85 percent of Afghan households reported to have been\nnegatively affected by a \u201clarge influx of returnees\u201d during the 12 months preceding the survey.\n\n\n5. Demographic and Health Survey (2014).\n\n\n6. The youth bulge is defined as the share of youth aged 15\u201324 to the adult population aged 15+.\n\n\n7. Growth is expected to remain slow over coming years, reflecting weak demand, increasing output gap and the\nlack of fiscal space for increasing social transfers in order to boost short-term economic growth (World Bank,\n2016; _Navigating Risk and Uncertainty in Afghanistan_ ).\n\n\n8. Urdal, Henrik. 2004. _The devil in the demographics: The effect of youth bulges on domestic armed conflict,_\n1950\u20132000. Social Development Papers: Conflict and Reconstruction Paper 14.\n\n\n9. Low-technology, rain-fed agriculture remains the country\u2019s primary sector of employment, especially for its\npoorest and more vulnerable people.\n\n\n10. ALCS 2013\u201314.\n\n\n11. Probability of having a household member abroad was estimated using a Linear Probability model and ALCS\n2013\u201314 data. Controls include a dummy indicating whether the household feels insecure in the district of\nresidence; the number of security incidents per thousand inhabitants in the district of residence; composition and\nemployment outcomes at the household level; dummy variables identifying returnee households, IDP households\nand households migrating for economic reasons; a dummy indicating urban residence and quintiles of a wealth\nindex to proxy for household welfare.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR assisted returns data", - "confidence": 0.9968850016593933, - "start": 305, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6330993175506592, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnee households", - "confidence": 0.9711676239967346, - "start": 345, - "end": 347 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NRVA 2007\u201308 data", - "confidence": 0.6182636022567749, - "start": 456, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NRVA", - "confidence": 0.6275922060012817, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007\u201308", - "confidence": 0.8600698709487915, - "start": 457, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan households", - "confidence": 0.9013358354568481, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9119037389755249, - "start": 492, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6606869697570801, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8464213013648987, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan households", - "confidence": 0.6707085371017456, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.5324335098266602, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "district of\nresidence", - "confidence": 0.8293467164039612, - "start": 680, - "end": 683 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.8630182147026062, - "start": 641, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.8996961116790771, - "start": 641, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee households", - "confidence": 0.6634578108787537, - "start": 710, - "end": 712 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FRAGILITY AND POPULATION MOVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n12. The World Bank, 2011. _Migration and poverty. Towards better opportunities for the poor._\n\nWashington DC.\n\n\n13. The share of literate household heads in IDP households decreases to 43 percent when excluding secondary\n\ndisplacement, i.e. returnees who have been internally displaced upon return and that were IDPs at the time of the\nsurvey.\n\n\n14. Due to a relatively small sample size, the poverty rates of IDP and economic migrant households are estimated\n\nwith lower precision, and therefore the difference in poverty rate compared to non-mobile households is not\nstatistically significant.\n\n\n15. Afghanistan is characterized by sizeable differences in access to education between rural (low) and urban areas\n\n(high). As detailed in the 2015 _Poverty Status Update_ report, urban/rural differences account for approximately\none-third of differences in education opportunities for Afghan children.\n\n\n16. Probability of being in school was estimated using a Probit model and ALCS 2013\u201314 data. Controls include sex\n\nand age of the child; composition and employment outcomes at the household level; dummy variables identifying\nreturnee households and IDP households; whether the household has migrants and receives remittances; quintiles\nof a wealth index; urban residence and quintiles of an index indicating the severity of conflict in the district of\nresidence.\n\n\n17. Ministry of Economy, World Bank (2015): _Afghanistan Poverty Status_ Update.\n\n\n18. Some useful information can be obtained from the three available and comparable rounds of the Afghanistan\n\nLiving Conditions Survey (ALCS) conducted in 2013\u201314, 2011\u201312 and 2007\u201308 which collect information about\nhousehold members who have left the household in the 12 months preceding the survey and about their reason\nfor migrating.\n\n\n19. The collapse in oil prices had a strong impact on Iran\u2019s economy, further magnified by international sanctions\n\nimposed in 2011. Limited employment opportunities, a weaker exchange rate, and progressive reduction in\nuniversal subsidies (notably electricity) might have affected the returns of economic migrants choosing Iran as a\ndestination, and possibly the choice of trying to reach Europe.\n\n\n20. Unfortunately, information on the education and employment outcomes of individual migrants was only collected\n\nin 2007\u201308, so it is not possible to assess any changes in migrants\u2019 profiles.\n\n\n21. In 2007\u201308, migrants abroad were mostly employed as day laborers (82 percent) and salaried employees in the\n\nprivate sector (12 percent).\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.509604811668396, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6235514879226685, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9808158278465271, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9103357195854187, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP households", - "confidence": 0.7808371782302856, - "start": 42, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2015 _Poverty Status Update_ report", - "confidence": 0.5051984786987305, - "start": 145, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5116549730300903, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.8481816649436951, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8890922665596008, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.7959499955177307, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ALCS 2013\u201314 data", - "confidence": 0.578078031539917, - "start": 182, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8061382174491882, - "start": 285, - "end": 286 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.5900102257728577, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8773321509361267, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.6400142312049866, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.9718841314315796, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee households", - "confidence": 0.6744822263717651, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Afghanistan\n\nLiving Conditions Survey", - "confidence": 0.9376978278160095, - "start": 282, - "end": 286 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8660212159156799, - "start": 285, - "end": 286 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "ALCS", - "confidence": 0.6013534069061279, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Economy, World Bank", - "confidence": 0.5048984289169312, - "start": 250, - "end": 256 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9671674370765686, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013\u201314", - "confidence": 0.8396807312965393, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.6598542332649231, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f35fee-a97c-32da-bd8d-46c676fc52a2/108733-REVISED-PUBLIC-WB-UNHCR-policy-brief-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_110/raw/doc_110_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_110/raw/doc_110_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c35e17033f21fe65740c17f2d290b9847d6558ee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_110/raw/doc_110_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,682 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue Distr. General\non Protection Challenges 28 November 2016\n_Children on the Move_ Original: English\nEnglish and French only\n\n\nBACKGROUND PAPER\n\n\nContents\n\n\n_Chapter_ _Paragraphs_ _Page_\n\n\nI. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1-6 2\n\n\nII. Understanding the phenomenon .................................................................. 7-18 3\n\n\nIII. Rights in principle versus rights in practice ................................................ 19-42 7\n\n\nIV. Thematic sessions ........................................................................................ 43-72 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I. Introduction\n\n\n1. The risks faced by children who move across international borders in search of protection\n(\u201cchildren on the move\u201d) [ 1] are significant. In early 2016, UNHCR reported that, on average, two children\nwere drowning every day trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe. An untold number continue to\nperish in the Gulf of Aden and other regions. Children on the move have fallen prey to smugglers and\ntraffickers, and are at risk of recruitment into armed groups, sexual and gender-based violence,\nkidnapping, child labour and child marriage. Some are orphaned or separated from their parents and other\nfamily members. In some countries, children on the move are detained, at times for indefinite periods and\nin inhumane conditions. Millions of refugee children are not in school. [2] Disabled children and those in\nneed of medical treatment may go without care. Durable solutions have become elusive, with ever-larger\nnumbers of refugee children stranded in protracted displacement situations.\n\n2. At the same time, international law and standards identify children as deserving of special\nprotection and assistance. [3] The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is one of the most widely\nratified international treaties, and its provisions are to be applied \u201cwithout discrimination of any kind\u201d. [4]\nThe Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme (ExCom) has stressed that all children\nof concern to UNHCR are entitled to protection of their rights, [5] and UNHCR published its first guidelines\non refugee children in 1988. Today, UNHCR\u2019s Framework for the Protection of Children is underpinned\nby its global strategies on education, detention, sexual and gender-based violence and a global plan to end\nstatelessness. [6] Most recently, in September 2016, the Member States of the United Nations reaffirmed\ntheir commitment to addressing the specific needs of children travelling as part of large movements of\nrefugees and migrants, especially children who are unaccompanied or separated from their families, in the\nNew York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (New York Declaration). [7]\n\n3. Against this background, and in follow-up to the New York Declaration, this year\u2019s High\nCommissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges (the Dialogue) will explore some of these challenges,\nwith a view to narrowing the gap between States\u2019 commitment to international norms of child protection\nand the reality faced by children of concern to UNHCR who move across international borders.\n\n\n1 This paper uses the term \u201cchildren on the move\u201d to refer to children of concern to UNHCR (asylum-seeking,\nrefugee and stateless children) who move across international borders in search of protection and solutions, whether\naccompanied or alone. In other contexts, such the Inter-Agency Group on Children on the Move, this term has a\nbroader meaning. See, for example: [http://www.gmfc.org/en/action-within-the-movement/gmc-actions/actions-by-](http://www.gmfc.org/en/action-within-the-movement/gmc-actions/actions-by-imperatives/other-campaigns-a-actions/current-actions/90-international-conference-on-children-on-the-move)\n[imperatives/other-campaigns-a-actions/current-actions/90-international-conference-on-children-on-the-move.](http://www.gmfc.org/en/action-within-the-movement/gmc-actions/actions-by-imperatives/other-campaigns-a-actions/current-actions/90-international-conference-on-children-on-the-move)\n2 UNHCR, _[Missing Out: Refugee Education in Crisis](http://www.unhcr.org/missing-out-state-of-education-for-the-worlds-refugees.html)_, September 2016.\n3 [Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as \u201c\u2026every human being below the age](http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx)\nof 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier\u201d.\n4 [Convention on the Rights of the Child](http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx) _,_ Article 2.\n5 For ExCom conclusions concerning children of concern to UNHCR: see UNHCR, _[A Thematic Compilation](http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5698c1224.pdf)_\n_[of Executive Committee Conclusions](http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5698c1224.pdf)_, June 2014.\n6 UNHCR _[A Framework for the Protection of Children](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe875682.html)_, 26 June 2012; UNHCR, _[Action against Sexual and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e01ffeb2.html)_\n_[Gender-Based Violence: An Updated Strategy](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e01ffeb2.html)_, June 2011; UNHCR, _[Education Strategy, 2012-2016](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5149ba349/unhcr-education-strategy-2012-2016.html)_, 28 February\n2012; _[Beyond Detention: A Global Strategy to support governments to end the detention of asylum-seekers and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html)_\n_[refugees 2014 \u2013 2019](http://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html)_, 2014; _[Global Action Plan to End Statelessness,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/545b47d64.html)_ 4 November 2014.\n7 [New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, UN Doc. A/71/L.1, paras. 23 and 32.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. The broad objectives of this year\u2019s Dialogue are:\n\n\n - to share good practices and lessons learned for the protection of children on the move;\n\n - to strengthen public policies affecting children on the move;\n\n - to seek renewed commitment to principles governing protection of, assistance to and\nsolutions for children on the move; and\n\n - to inform the revision and updating of relevant policies and guidelines concerning children.\n\n\n5. In addition to plenary sessions, the Dialogue will convene three thematic sessions that will focus\non:\n\n - pursuing regional approaches to protect children on the move;\n\n - operationalizing children\u2019s rights; and\n\n - securing solutions for children on the move.\n\n\n6. In addition to these broad objectives, the discussion at the Dialogue will inform the development\nof the comprehensive refugee response and the global compact on refugees to be adopted in 2018, as\noutlined in the New York Declaration \u2013 notably to ensure that these processes include a strong focus on\nthe protection of children. Accordingly, where relevant, this paper makes specific reference to State\ncommitments in the New York Declaration, and in the thematic sessions participants will be asked to\npropose how these commitments can result in improved protection outcomes for children on the move.\n\n\nII. Understanding the phenomenon\n\nData and data gaps\n\n7. Cross-border movements of children, including those who are alone and those accompanied by\nfamily members, take place on a large scale in all regions of the world. [8] A decade ago, UNHCR\u2019s\nExCom underlined the importance of the systematic collection and analysis of age- and sex-disaggregated\ndata on children of concern to UNHCR. [9] Despite this, there remains an urgent need for better\ncomparative data, including on the characteristics, capacities and needs of children on the move and on\ntheir success in securing durable solutions. As recognized by States in the New York Declaration,\nimproved data is essential for policy development and more effective responses. [10]\n\n8. UNHCR statistics show that 51 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees are children, with significant\nvariations between regions and countries. In Africa, for instance, 57 per cent of refugees registered with\nUNHCR are children, up to 70 per cent for certain nationalities. [11] There is also considerable disparity in\nthe availability of age-disaggregated data. UNHCR data is available for 90 per cent of refugees in Africa.\nHowever, age- and sex-disaggregated data is available only for 52 per cent of refugees in Asia, 27 per\n\n\n8 UNICEF, _[Uprooted: The Growing Crisis for Refugee and Migrant Children](http://www.unicef.org/emergencies/childrenonthemove/uprooted/)_, September 2016.\n9 See [ExCom Conclusion 107 (LVIII) 2007. A decade later, ExCom appealed for improved data concerning](http://www.refworld.org/docid/471897232.html)\n[youth of concern to UNHCR: see ExCom Conclusion 113 (LXVII) 2016.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57f7b5a84.html)\n10 [New York Declaration, para. 40.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n11 For instance, 70 per cent of South Sudanese and Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan\nand Uganda are children: UNHCR et al, _[Updated Regional Framework for the Protection of South Sudanese and](http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/updated-regional-framework-protection-south-sudanese-and-sudanese-refugee-children)_\n_[Sudanese Refugee Children](http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/updated-regional-framework-protection-south-sudanese-and-sudanese-refugee-children)_, July 2015 - June 2017, p. 2.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cent of refugees in Latin America and the Caribbean, 20 per cent of refugees in Europe, and not at all for\nNorth America and Oceania.\n\n9. It is especially difficult to capture information about children at the height of emergencies and in\ntransit situations, as well as in the context of large-scale movements. [12] Children (and their parents) may\nseek to avoid detection by the authorities, while onward movements or repeated attempts to cross borders\ncan yield both double counting and reports of disappearances. [13] Information on the prevalence of risk\nfactors affecting children is also uneven, in particular for children travelling with family members. [14]\n\n10. There is no global tally of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) who seek asylum or\nwho are recognized as refugees. [15] Countries use different definitions of such children and do not always\nrecord them separately from children who are present with their families \u2013 despite the fact that in all child\nprotection systems, children who are deprived of parental care or separated from their primary caregiver\nare considered particularly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, and entitled to special protection.\n\n11. Since 2006, UNHCR has sought to compile annual statistics of asylum applications presented by\nUASC, based on the information available to the Office. In 2015, UNHCR reported that 112,305 UASC\napplied for asylum in 83 countries \u2013 mainly Afghans, Eritreans, Somalis and Syrians. [16] However, this is\nan incomplete picture, as it did not include data from all countries, including three important asylum\ncountries: the Russian Federation, South Africa and the United States of America. Furthermore,\nUNHCR\u2019s data compiles asylum applications on an annual basis. It does not include UASC who are\nrecognized as refugees, nor does it reflect total numbers of both asylum-seeking and refugee UASC.\n\n\n12 On data collection challenges see: IOM\u2019s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre, _[Children and unsafe](https://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-data-analysis-centre-data-briefing-series-issue-no-5-september-2016)_\n_[migration in Europe: Data and policy, understanding the evidence base](https://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-data-analysis-centre-data-briefing-series-issue-no-5-september-2016)_, Data Briefing Series, Issue No. 5,\nSeptember 2016. On transit situations, see: Report of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,\n_[The Situation of Migrants in Transit](http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/31/35)_, A/HRC/31/35, 27 January 2016.\n13 See: Missing Children Europe, _[Summit Report. Best practices and key challenges on interagency cooperation](http://missingchildreneurope.eu/summit)_\n_[to safeguard unaccompanied children from going missing](http://missingchildreneurope.eu/summit)_, 2016.\n14 [ExCom Conclusion 107 (LVIII) 2007 lists environmental and individual factors that may place children of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/471897232.html)\nconcern to UNHCR in situations of heightened risk. Environmental factors include lack of security, abject poverty\nand statelessness. Individual factors may include children who are: unaccompanied and separated; girl mothers and\ntheir own children; victims of trafficking and sexual abuse; survivors of torture and violence; married under the age\nspecified in national laws and/or in forced marriages; associated with armed forces or groups; in detention; suffering\nfrom social discrimination; mentally or physically disabled; living with or affected by HIV and AIDS or other\nserious diseases; and out of school.\n15 \u201cUnaccompanied\u201d children are those who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are\nnot being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. \u201cSeparated\u201d children have been\nseparated from both parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from\nother relatives.\n16 Source: UNHCR and Eurostat (Eurostat data last updated on 21 September 2016). The 2015 data has been\nupdated since the publication of UNHCR\u2019s _[Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html)_, to include asylum\napplications made in Belgium and Italy, and to update the figure for Germany.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global tally of unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.6187738180160522, - "start": 129, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6028651595115662, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.6540742516517639, - "start": 132, - "end": 136 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "child\nprotection systems", - "confidence": 0.5644940733909607, - "start": 181, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9872539639472961, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6157478094100952, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.8728017807006836, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.6211392879486084, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UASC asylum applications 2006 \u2013 2015\n\n|Col1|Applications|# of reporting
countries|\n|---|---|---|\n|2006|9,900|64|\n|2007|11,300|58|\n|2008|16,600|68|\n|2009|18,700|71|\n|2010|15,600|69|\n|2011|17,700|69|\n|2012|21,300|72|\n|2013|24,700|77|\n|2014|34,300|82|\n|2015|112,305|83|\n\n\n\n_Note: Source UNHCR and government data (Eurostat data last updated 21 September 2016)_\n\n12. According to information available to UNHCR, many UASC remain in countries of first asylum\nin their regions of origin. For instance, of 1 million refugees from South Sudan, there were some\n44,600 unaccompanied or separated children, located primarily in Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Uganda in\n2016. UNHCR registration data indicates other large UASC populations in countries of first asylum as of\nOctober 2016 included children from Somalia (some 15,000), the Syrian Arab Republic (10,500), the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (9,700), Burundi (8,400), Sudan (6,800), Eritrea (6,000) and Myanmar\n(4,300). [17] Those who do move onwards to industrialized countries have a different profile from those\nwho remain in countries of first asylum. While UASC remaining in their regions of origin tend to include\nsignificant numbers of girls and children younger than 14 years, [18] in contrast, the majority of UASC who\nmove onward to Europe and apply for asylum are older boys. [19]\n\n13. There is also very little data on durable solutions achieved by refugee children. Some countries\npublish resettlement and asylum statistics that are disaggregated by age and sex, but there are no global\nnumbers on children \u2013 unaccompanied or who remain together with their families \u2013 who are able to\naccess one of the three durable solutions. Gathering and compiling such data would facilitate a much\nbetter understanding of the extent to which the protection needs of children of concern to UNHCR are\nbeing met in a sustainable manner.\n\n\n17 Source: UNHCR data, as of September 2016.\n18 In Africa, registration data for the major UASC groups in their first countries of asylum shows that 40 per\ncent of these children are female and 66 per cent are under age 14. In Asia, 41 per cent are female and 49 per cent\nare under age 14. In the Middle East, 42 per cent are female and 53 per cent are under age 14. Source: UNHCR\nregistration data as of October 2016 for countries of first asylum where UASC populations exceed 1,000 persons.\n19 According to European Union data, just 9 per cent of UASC asylum applicants in 2015 were female and just\n13 per cent were under age 14: based on Eurostat data, as at 21 September 2016. Similarly, although demographic\ndata is not publicly available for unaccompanied children who seek asylum in the United States of America, of those\napprehended at border crossings by the authorities during fiscal year 2015, 32 per cent were female and 17 per cent\nwere age 12 or under: _[Unaccompanied Immigrant Children \u2013 Demographic Data. Research on the Unauthorized](http://immigration.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006411)_\n_[Minors arriving at U.S. Border Crossings](http://immigration.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006411)_ .\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC asylum applications", - "confidence": 0.7580386996269226, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8492133617401123, - "start": 125, - "end": 126 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.638392448425293, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR registration data", - "confidence": 0.9963393211364746, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9300976991653442, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5108119249343872, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7608512043952942, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "UASC populations", - "confidence": 0.7726996541023254, - "start": 203, - "end": 205 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "resettlement and asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.9845188856124878, - "start": 367, - "end": 371 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7602670788764954, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.7715650796890259, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.6160649657249451, - "start": 445, - "end": 447 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7248592376708984, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.6822665333747864, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "major UASC groups", - "confidence": 0.5410264730453491, - "start": 461, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration data", - "confidence": 0.599700927734375, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "registration data", - "confidence": 0.5665046572685242, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9222023487091064, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries of first asylum", - "confidence": 0.8809282779693604, - "start": 535, - "end": 539 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7505066990852356, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "UASC groups", - "confidence": 0.7502896785736084, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat data", - "confidence": 0.881206750869751, - "start": 579, - "end": 581 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.7982047200202942, - "start": 551, - "end": 553 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5055197477340698, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8781638741493225, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "UASC asylum applicants", - "confidence": 0.7467185854911804, - "start": 560, - "end": 563 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Why are children on the move?\n\n14. Studies show that armed conflict and violence are among the most frequent drivers of\ndisplacement of children, [ 20] but children face many types of violations of their fundamental rights. The\nrefugee definition therefore:\n\n\n\u2026must be interpreted in an age- and gender-sensitive manner, taking into account the particular motives\nfor, and forms and manifestations of, persecution experienced by children. Persecution of kin; under-age\nrecruitment; trafficking of children for prostitution; and sexual exploitation or subjection to female genital\nmutilation, are some of the child-specific forms and manifestations of persecution\u2026 [21]\n\n15. Child-specific forms of persecution are often interconnected with other factors, including the loss\nof parents to war or disease, acute poverty and food insecurity, and lack of educational and economic\nopportunity. The particular discrimination and barriers stateless children encounter make them especially\nvulnerable to forced displacement, trafficking and the worst forms of child labour.\n\n16. Many UASC remain in countries of asylum in their region of origin. But others move onward,\nfrequently with the involvement of smugglers, risking multiple forms of exploitation, including by human\ntraffickers. In many cases, these children are trying to join parents or relatives located in other countries.\nChildren also cite the lack of legal documentation and absence of educational prospects in their first\ncountries of asylum as key reasons for their onward movement. They further identify discrimination,\npunitive measures such as detention, limited access to food, shelter, health care and jobs, and, above all,\nthe lack of prospects for the future as \u201cpush\u201d factors. [22]\n\n17. When children move alone it is often because the family can only afford to send one child, not\nnecessarily the eldest, to seek protection elsewhere. This tendency may be bolstered by a \u201cculture of\nmigration\u201d that has developed over time, backed by a strong diaspora, and sometimes by misconceptions\nabout immigration and refugee policies of destination countries. Families have usually invested heavily\nin their child\u2019s journey and for these children, failure is not an option; the responsibility to reach the\nintended country or region and to repay their family\u2019s debt weighs heavily on them.\n\n18. There has been considerable research concerning the motives and journeys of specific groups of\nUASC arriving in Europe and North America, in particular those from Afghanistan and Eritrea, as well as\nfrom Central America, but there is much less information with respect to children on the move in other\nregions and from other countries of origin. More diverse research would provide a stronger evidence base\nfor policymakers and practitioners and could support the development of more holistic responses,\n\n\n20 In a recent survey, Afghan UASC in Sweden referenced violence and insecurity as their primary reasons for\nleaving their country. See: UNHCR and the Joint IDP Profiling Service, _This is Who We Are_ . _[A study of the profile,](http://www.unhcr-northerneurope.org/news-detail/this-is-who-we-are-afghan-study-launched/)_\n_[experiences and reasons for flight of unaccompanied or separated children from Afghanistan seeking asylum in](http://www.unhcr-northerneurope.org/news-detail/this-is-who-we-are-afghan-study-launched/)_\n_[Sweden in 2015](http://www.unhcr-northerneurope.org/news-detail/this-is-who-we-are-afghan-study-launched/)_, October 2016.\n21 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, _[General Comment No. 6 (2005) \u2013 Treatment of Unaccompanied](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_\n_[and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_, CRCGC/2005/6, September 2005, para. 74. See also:\nUNHCR, _[Guidelines on International Protection No. 8: Child Asylum Claims under Articles A(1)(2) and 1(F) of the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b2f4f6d2.html)_\n_[1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b2f4f6d2.html)_ HCR/GIP/09/08, 2009.\n22 See for example: UNHCR and the Joint IDP Profiling Service, _[This is Who We Are](http://www.unhcr-northerneurope.org/news-detail/this-is-who-we-are-afghan-study-launched/)_, October 2016; UNHCR,\n_[Live, learn and play safe. Regional Initiative 2014 \u2013 2016.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53bbc6314.html)_ _Protecting Children at Risk in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan_\n_and Yemen._\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "including ways to respond to the protection needs of children who do not apply for asylum, and who tend\nto be \u201cinvisible\u201d within large and mixed movements. [23]\n\n\nIII. Rights in principle versus rights in practice\n\nA solid normative framework at international level\n\n19. At the international level, there is broad consensus concerning children\u2019s rights. International\nhuman rights law identifies children as a particular category of rights holders. The CRC enjoys nearuniversal ratification and applies to all children within the jurisdiction of a State Party [24] without\ndiscrimination of any kind \u2013 including with respect to the child\u2019s legal status. [25] States reiterated their\ncommitment to the obligations in the CRC in the New York Declaration. [26] Article 22 of the CRC\nreiterates that the rights set out in the CRC extend, without exception, to asylum-seeking and refugee\nchildren.\n\n20. Beyond Article 22, many parts of the CRC have particular salience for children on the move, for\ninstance: the right to birth registration and to acquire a nationality (Article 7), respect for family unity\n(Article 9) and the facilitation of family reunification (Article 10), special protection for children deprived\nof their family environment (Article 20), the avoidance of detention (Article 37) and the importance of\nmeasures to promote psychological recovery and social reintegration (Article 39).\n\n21. The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) and its 1967 Protocol\nmake no distinction between children and adults, and for many years were interpreted largely from the\nvantage point of adult experiences. In 2007, UNHCR\u2019s ExCom drew attention to the need for States to\nrecognize children of concern to UNHCR as \u201cactive subjects of rights\u201d and to the fact that persecution\nmay take child-specific forms. [27] In 2008, UNHCR issued guidelines on international protection specific\nto children\u2019s asylum claims. [28]\n\n22. Regional human rights law, including child protection law and regional refugee law, in particular\nin Africa, the Americas and Europe, bolsters this protective framework, as do the 1954 Convention\nrelating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.\n\n\n23 One example of recent research into children on the move is: Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat and\nSave the Children, _[Young and on the Move. Children and youth in mixed migration flows within and from the Horn](http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/young-and-move-children-and-youth-mixed-migration-flows-within-and-horn-africa)_\n_[of Africa](http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/young-and-move-children-and-youth-mixed-migration-flows-within-and-horn-africa)_, September 2016. This study reviews what is known about children on the move in the Horn of Africa: the\nroutes and means they use, their motivations, the protection risks they face, and the legal and institutional\nframeworks that respond to them. The report makes eight important recommendations, including to ensure that\nchildren and youth are visible in monitoring and programme data.\n24 The Committee on the Rights of the Child has stated that this includes children who are attempting to enter\nthe State\u2019s territory. See: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, _[General Comment No. 6 (2005). Treatment of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_\n_[Unaccompanied and Separated Children outside their Country of Origin](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_, para. 12.\n25 A number of countries maintain reservations that have the effect of limiting their application of the CRC with\nrespect to non-national children, while others (Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern\nIreland, for instance) have removed reservations that pertained to non-national children.\n26 [New York Declaration, para. 32.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n27 [ExCom Conclusion 107 (LVIII) 2007.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/471897232.html)\n28 UNHCR, _[Guidelines on International Protection No. 8: Child Asylum Claims under Articles A(1)(2) and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b2f4f6d2.html)_\n_[1(F) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b2f4f6d2.html)_ HCR/GIP/09/08, 2009.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "What do children identify as their major protection challenges?\n\n23. Despite the strong protective framework at the level of international and regional law, children on\nthe move report that they face many acute protection challenges. Consultations undertaken in numerous\ncontexts, including the 2016 Global Refugee Youth Consultations, yield a consistent picture of what\nchildren and youth identify as the main protection gaps they encounter. [29] The following paragraphs\nhighlight key protection problems that children and youth themselves pinpoint, and relate these to the\ngoals of UNHCR\u2019s Framework for the Protection of Children.\n\n_A safe, inclusive and enabling environment_\n\n24. Across all regions, children of concern to UNHCR articulate concerns that relate to the broad\nenvironment in which they live. These correlate to the first two goals of UNHCR\u2019s Framework for the\nProtection of Children: children should be safe where they live, learn and play; and children should be\nconsulted and enabled to participate in matters of concern to them.\n\n25. Violence, exploitation and abuse are paramount fears of asylum-seeking and refugee children\nacross a wide range of settings, in countries of transit and destination, in and outside of camps, in rural\nand urban areas, and in designated reception centres. This includes significant risk of sexual and genderbased violence. Concerns about police harassment and violence are frequently articulated, especially by\nadolescents living in urban areas, along with a lack of recourse when they are subject to such treatment.\nChildren, both alone and travelling with their families, speak of the traumatic effects of being detained in\ncountries where they are seeking safety.\n\n26. Many children report little positive contact with host communities in their countries of asylum\nand experiences of xenophobia, racism and discrimination. There is evidence that such experiences,\ncoupled with other hardships of forced displacement, can increase young refugees\u2019 vulnerability to\nrecruitment by or victimization at the hands of gangs, other criminal groups and radical extremists. [30]\n\n27. Children on the move in various parts of the world call for more transparency from governments\nand international organizations, and for enhanced two-way communication enabling them to participate in\nmatters of concern to them and to have their views heard and given due weight. Limited channels of\ncommunication, including lack of access to technology, are identified as problems by refugee children\nand youth, especially those living in remote areas.\n\n\n29 This section draws, inter alia, from: UNHCR and Women\u2019s Refugee Commission, _[We Believe in Youth.](http://reliefweb.int/report/world/we-believe-youth-global-refugee-youth-consultation-final-report-september-2016)_\n_[Global Refugee Youth Consultations Final Report,](http://reliefweb.int/report/world/we-believe-youth-global-refugee-youth-consultation-final-report-september-2016)_ September 2016 and individual reports on consultations in Chad,\nEcuador, Jordan, Uganda and elsewhere; UNHCR and the Joint IDP Profiling Service, _[This is Who We Are,](http://www.unhcr-northerneurope.org/news-detail/this-is-who-we-are-afghan-study-launched/)_ October\n2016; UNHCR, _[I Am Here, I Belong: The Urgent Need to End Childhood Statelessness,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/563368b34.html)_ 3 November 2015; UNHCR\nparticipatory assessments with children conducted by various offices worldwide; Save the Children and UNICEF,\n_[Consultation with Children in East Africa for the World Humanitarian Summit. Messages from Children Affected by](http://www.unicef.org/somalia/resources_16942.html)_\n_[Emergencies,](http://www.unicef.org/somalia/resources_16942.html)_ July 2015; and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights report of December 2010, entitled\n_[Separated, asylum-seeking children in European Union Member States](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/separated-asylum-seeking-children-european-union-member-states)_ . For the purposes of this paper, we have\nincluded concerns expressed by youth, who were in many cases displaced when they were still children, and who\nprovided information about their experience of being displaced children.\n30 UNHCR and Women\u2019s Refugee Commission, _[We Believe in Youth. Global Refugee Youth Consultations](http://reliefweb.int/report/world/we-believe-youth-global-refugee-youth-consultation-final-report-september-2016)_\n_[Final Report,](http://reliefweb.int/report/world/we-believe-youth-global-refugee-youth-consultation-final-report-september-2016)_ September 2016, p. 11. [UN Security Council Resolution 2250](http://www.refworld.org/docid/56ebfd654.html) (2015) stresses the importance of\naddressing conditions that contribute to the radicalization of young people.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Concerns related to access to rights_\n\n28. UNHCR\u2019s Framework for the Protection of Children (goals 3, 4 and 5) calls for children to have\naccess to child-friendly procedures, to obtain legal documentation, and to receive targeted support,\nincluding education and health care. [31] Across a broad range of consultations, children and adolescents\nappeal for better information about their rights and for programmes to help them to access their rights.\nChildren with specific needs, such as child survivors or children at risk of sexual and gender-based\nviolence, and children with disabilities, may face particular challenges in accessing information and\nservices, or in having their voices heard, highlighting the importance of ensuring that procedures and\nservices are inclusive, taking into consideration the age, gender and diversity of individual children.\n\n29. Children frequently report that they lack clear information about the asylum process, especially if\nthey do not have access to legal aid and are not supported by guardians. Children who have to navigate\nthe asylum process alone often perceive it as adversarial and manipulated against them. Many find age\nassessment procedures to be arbitrary, inaccurate and unfair. The appointment of qualified guardians is\nkey to ensuring that UASC are able to exercise their rights, but many report that they do not have a\nguardian, do not know who he or she is, have never met their guardian or have done so only rarely.\n\n30. In virtually every consultation, refugee children and youth speak passionately about the\nconsequences of not being in possession of personal documents that attest to their status as asylumseekers or refugees, pointing out that the lack of legal documentation impedes their access to rights and\nservices, in particular to education and health care.\n\n31. Refugee children and young people consistently place educational opportunity at the very top of\ntheir concerns, reflecting the reality that only 50 per cent of the world\u2019s refugee children attend primary\nschool, only 22 per cent attend secondary school and just 1 per cent go on to university. [32] Many children\non the move have never been to school at all or have seen their education interrupted, often for years.\nWhere schooling is theoretically accessible to them, refugee and asylum-seeking children and youth often\ncite non-recognition of educational credentials from their countries of origin, cost, language barriers and\nsafety issues as obstacles \u2013 along with the need to work to support their families. In addition to formal\neducation, older children seek a wide range of opportunities to learn and build their skills.\n\n_Concerns related to prospects for the future_\n\n32. The sixth goal of UNHCR\u2019s Framework for the Protection of Children reads: \u201cGirls and boys\nachieve durable solutions in their best interests\u201d. A durable solution allows the child \u201cto acquire, or to\nreacquire, the full protection of a State\u201d. [33] Refugee children are deeply concerned about their future\nprospects. In a wide variety of contexts, they express frustration that they are not permitted to integrate in\ntheir country of residence \u2013 in many cases the only country they have ever known. For such children,\n\n\n31 Refugee youth highlighted the importance of access to comprehensive and quality health care as a major\nconcern. They particularly highlighted the importance of access to information about sexual and reproductive health\nand appropriate services as well as access to psychosocial and psychological support. UNHCR and Women\u2019s\nRefugee Commission, _[We Believe in Youth. Global Refugee Youth Consultations Final Report,](http://reliefweb.int/report/world/we-believe-youth-global-refugee-youth-consultation-final-report-september-2016)_ September 2016, pp.\n19-20.\n32 UNHCR, _[Missing Out: Refugee Education in Crisis](http://www.unhcr.org/missing-out-state-of-education-for-the-worlds-refugees.html)_, September 2016. These figures compare refugee\ndata for the 2015 \u2013 2016 school year and to global enrolment data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics referring\nto 2014. The comparable global figures are 91 per cent, 84 per cent and 34 per cent respectively.\n33 UNHCR and UNICEF, _[Safe & Sound: what States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html)_\n_[unaccompanied and separated children in Europe](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html)_, October 2014, p. 22.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age\nassessment procedures", - "confidence": 0.8348320722579956, - "start": 202, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9660137295722961, - "start": 679, - "end": 681 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5854861736297607, - "start": 646, - "end": 647 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7918593287467957, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.8467987179756165, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.842219889163971, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global enrolment data", - "confidence": 0.6452009081840515, - "start": 690, - "end": 693 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.541297197341919, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7681518197059631, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9294379949569702, - "start": 701, - "end": 702 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "and separated children in Europe", - "confidence": 0.5117783546447754, - "start": 750, - "end": 755 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8857600092887878, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8202697038650513, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201crepatriation\u201d does not mean returning home but, rather, moving to a country where they have never\nlived. Children and youth are also concerned about the scarcity of resettlement places and what they view\nas the lack of transparency of the resettlement process.\n\n33. For UASC, finding solutions is even more of a challenge. The Committee on the Rights of the\nChild has pointed out that the \u201cultimate aim in addressing the fate of unaccompanied and separated\nchildren is to identify a durable solution that addresses all their protection needs [\u2026.] and, wherever\npossible, leads to overcoming the situation of the child being unaccompanied or separated\u201d. [34] Family\nreunion is a major concern for many of these children, who face heightened risks and integration\ndifficulties due to separation from their families. In many countries, restrictive policies limit the\nprospects of reunification, even with nuclear family members, for UASC who have been resettled or\ngranted asylum.\n\nWhy is there a gap between principles and practice _?_\n\n34. Despite the solid international legal framework governing child protection, and the fact that it has\nbeen translated into national law in many countries, children on the move still face many protection\ngaps. [35] Four intersecting sets of reasons can be identified for this.\n\n35. The first set of reasons relates to the relative strength or weakness of national child protection\nsystems. Effective child protection systems are integrated systems in which all actors are engaged around\nthe common goal of child protection. [36] They are built on a foundation of laws, policies and social norms\nthat protect children from abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence. The implementation of effective\nnational child protection systems depends on awareness of children\u2019s rights and needs, on adequate\nhuman and financial resources to provide the necessary government services, on political commitment,\nand on the support of civil society.\n\n36. Where the ability to protect national children is limited, non-national children, including children\nof concern to UNHCR, are likely to be at greater risk of abuse and neglect. They may face\ndiscrimination, racism and xenophobia. Adolescents may be ignored, not considered as children, or even\nseen as a threat. [37] The ability to protect non-national children may also be compromised in situations of\nsudden influx, and countries situated along transit or destination routes who have engaged in preparedness\nand contingency planning exercises may be better equipped to respond to child protection needs.\nInternational assistance can play an important part in helping to strengthen national child protection\nsystems. A \u201csystems mapping\u201d exercise can help to measure the strength of child protection systems for\nboth national and non-national children, and to identify steps that need to be taken to enhance these\nsystems. [38]\n\n34 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, _[General Comment No. 6 (2005). Treatment of Unaccompanied](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_\n_[and Separated Children outside their Country of Origin](http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html)_, para. 79.\n35 A simple restatement of protection principles relevant to children on the move can be found in _[Recommended](http://principlesforcom.jimdo.com/)_\n_[principles to guide actions concerning children on the move and other children affected by migration](http://principlesforcom.jimdo.com/)_, 2016,\ndeveloped by Jacqueline Bhabha and Mike Dottridge.\n36 See: UNICEF, _[Adapting a Systems Approach to Child Protection: Key Concepts and Considerations,](http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/adapting-systems-approach-child-protection-key-concepts-and-considerations)_ 2009.\n37 See: Committee on the Rights of the Child, _[General Comment on the Rights of Adolescents](http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Pages/CallRightsofAdolescents.aspx)_, (forthcoming).\nThis general comment is intended to address the relative invisibility of, and unique challenges faced by adolescents,\nwhile emphasizing the need to respect and nurture their evolving capacities in the realization of their rights.\n38 For example, UNHCR and Columbia University\u2019s CPC Learning Network are working to test a child\nprotection index in refugee settings. See: CPC Learning Network, _[Measuring Impact through a Child Protection](http://www.cpcnetwork.org/resource/measuring-impact-child-protection-index/)_\n_[Index. Report of Uganda Baseline Study](http://www.cpcnetwork.org/resource/measuring-impact-child-protection-index/)_ (by Sarah Meyer, Mara Steinhaus and Lindsay Stark), September 2015.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "37. A second set of reasons for shortcomings in the protection of children on the move is rooted in\nthe tension between immigration enforcement and child protection imperatives. As a result of this\ntension, even robust national child protection systems may not extend to refugee and asylum-seeking\nchildren, [39] or there may be frequent changes in the way State actors respond to these and other nonnational children, including changes in the legal and policy framework.\n\n38. UASC are particularly affected by inconsistent responses, often encountering skepticism about\ntheir claimed age and reasons for seeking protection, and sometimes facing outright hostility from\nofficials or the general public. A fear that high child protection standards, including the possibility of\nfamily reunification, will influence children\u2019s choice of destination may lead to the inappropriate\nsubordination of the best interests of the child to the interests of immigration control. Ultimately, where\nchildren are concerned, an \u201cethic of care\u201d should take precedence over an \u201cethic of enforcement\u201d.\n\n39. A third set of reasons relates to the implementation of international refugee law. Not all countries\nhave ratified the 1951 Convention or operate a national refugee status determination process. Some may\ntreat children on the move simply as irregular migrants. Where national asylum procedures exist, they are\nnot necessarily well equipped to respond to children, and may become overwhelmed in situations of\nincreased arrivals or influx.\n\n40. UNHCR and its ExCom have called on States to develop asylum procedures that are adapted to\nchildren, including through appropriate evidentiary requirements, prioritized processing of UASC,\nqualified free legal or other representation for UASC, the appointment of qualified guardians, and an ageand gender-sensitive application of the 1951 Convention. ExCom has also called on States to carry out\nage assessments in a scientific, safe, child- and gender-sensitive and fair manner. [40]\n\n41. Finally, it can be hard for even the best-resourced child protection services and other State\nauthorities to identify and reach out to UASC. In some cases, the children themselves may resist this\ncontact because they fear interruption of their journeys, detention and deportation. In other cases, this\nmay be due to a lack of information about asylum procedures; or because the children are determined to\nwork, whether legally or not, in order to support their families or to reimburse the debt their family\nincurred to send them abroad; or because they are under the control of traffickers.\n\n42. This underscores the importance of protection-sensitive entry systems, and close cooperation\nbetween law enforcement personnel, who may first encounter at-risk children at the border, and child\nprotection actors. Both groups need to be properly trained and resourced to respond to the needs of\nchildren on the move. Whatever the context, identification, registration and documentation of children is\nthe first step to protection.\n\n\n39 Jacqueline Bhabha, [\u201cMinors or Aliens? Inconsistent State Intervention and Separated Child Asylum-](http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ejml3&div=28&g_sent=1&collection=journals)\n[Seekers\u201d,](http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ejml3&div=28&g_sent=1&collection=journals) _European Journal of Migration and Law_, Vol. 3 (2001), pp. 283-314.\n40 [ExCom Conclusion No. 107 (VLIII) 2007, para. g (viii and ix). See also: Separated Children in Europe](http://www.refworld.org/docid/471897232.html)\nProgramme, _[Position Paper on Age Assessment in the Context of Separated Children in Europe](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff535f52.html)_, 2012, for more\ninformation on the use of age assessments in asylum proceedings. It is UNHCR\u2019s position that age assessment\nprocedures should be undertaken as a measure of last resort, where a) there are grounds for serious doubt; and\nb) other approaches (such as attempts to gather documentary evidence) have failed to establish the individual\u2019s age.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IV. Thematic sessions\n\n43. Against this background the purpose of the thematic sessions at the Dialogue is to offer an\nopportunity to deepen the analysis and generate fresh thinking and forward-looking recommendations.\n\n44. Participants in the thematic sessions are invited to keep in mind the overarching imperative of\nstrengthening national child protection systems, and enabling these systems to work in an integrated way\nto reach all children within the territory of a State, including children of concern to UNHCR. Participants\nare also asked to reflect on how to apply the central principles articulated in the CRC to children on the\nmove, in particular the principles of non-discrimination, the primacy of the best interests of the child and\nfamily unity. Given the importance of data and evidence to designing effective responses and solutions,\nparticipants are asked to consider opportunities for strengthening data and evidence on children on the\nmove.\n\n**Thematic session 1: Pursuing regional approaches to protect children on the move**\n\n45. There are a number of ongoing, large-scale movements of UASC that have broad regional and\ncross-regional dimensions. These include:\n\n\n - children mainly from Afghanistan and Myanmar moving toward Australia, via countries of\nSouth-East Asia;\n\n - Afghan children moving from or through the Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan and into\nTurkey, and then onwards to Greece and other parts of Europe;\n\n - the movement of Eritrean children into Ethiopia, Sudan and onward through Egypt and Libya\ntoward Europe; and of Somali and Ethiopian children on this same route;\n\n - children from the Horn of Africa, mainly Ethiopia and Somalia, moving across the Gulf of\nAden to Yemen, and onward to Saudi Arabia;\n\n - children from the Horn of Africa and from Central Africa moving along the eastern route\ntoward South Africa;\n\n - Nigerian and other West and Central African children travelling through Niger into Libya and\nacross the Mediterranean Sea to Italy and other European countries; and\n\n - the movement of children from the Northern Triangle of Central America through Mexico to\nthe United States of America, as well as to other countries in Central America.\n\n\n46. The New York Declaration explicitly recognizes the centrality of international cooperation to the\nrefugee protection regime, and commits to more equitable sharing of responsibility. [41] In line with this,\nmovements of UASC have been the subject of discussion by regional fora dealing with international\nmigration and asylum in various parts of the world [42] Regional legal and policy frameworks, especially in\n\n\n41 [New York Declaration, para. 68.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n42 [They have been highlighted for instance in the Brazil Declaration and Plan of Action](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5487065b4.html) of December 2014, the\n[San Jos\u00e9 Action Statement](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57a8a4854.html) [of July 2016, the Abuja Action Statement](https://data.unhcr.org/SahelSituation/download.php?id=2027) following the Regional Protection Dialogue on\n[the Lake Chad Basin of June 2016, the Action Plan of the Valletta Summit on Migration](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-summit/2015/11/ACTION_PLAN_EN_pdf/) of November 2015 and the\n[Bali Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime of March 2016.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5799ef3c4.html)\n[Resolution 2136 (2016)](https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=23179&lang=en) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe sets out the broad protection needs\nof UASC moving toward, into and through Europe. The [New York Declaration](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html) also highlights the importance of\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Africa, Europe and Latin America have been enhanced in recent years in order to provide a stronger\nfoundation for actions to protect children on the move. [43] Regional courts are also playing a key role in\nguiding authorities and in ensuring their respect for the best interests of children. [44] Regional\norganizations and States have increased practical cooperation, in particular in the area of capacity\nbuilding, [45] while regional organizations are contributing to the body of knowledge about children on the\nmove through research, including with the participation of children and youth, and country-specific\nhuman rights studies. [46]\n\n47. Much work has been done to strengthen national child protection systems and services so that\nStates can meet their international obligations, and ensure non-discriminatory access to all children under\ntheir jurisdiction, including refugee, stateless and displaced children. However, strategies developed for\nlargely stable asylum situations are not necessarily adequate to address the needs of highly mobile\nchildren, particularly where smuggling and trafficking are involved or where the children move within\nlarge mixed flows. As such, new initiatives based upon regional approaches and regional cooperation\nmay be needed to supplement national child protection systems strengthening efforts.\n\n48. There are also a number of good examples of regional cooperation between States, international\norganizations and non-governmental organizations to promote cross-border child protection systems.\nThese include:\n\n\n - Cross-border coordination groups, supported by Save the Children, between Mozambique\n\nand South Africa, South Africa and Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and between\nZambia and Zimbabwe. [47] The working groups, chaired by governments but also involving\nnon-governmental actors, seek to establish effective communication between social workers\nand law enforcement agencies; strengthen coordination to identify the best solution for an\nindividual child; improve protocols and guidelines for family tracing and reunification; and\nensure the provision of psychosocial support both for children in shelters and for those who\nhave recently returned to their families.\n\n\nbilateral, regional and international cooperation in responding to large movements of refugees and migrants,\nincluding the importance of international responsibility-sharing, paras. 26 and 38.\n43 Important legislative measures include recognition of child-specific persecution as a basis for refugee status\nand the creation of forms of complementary protection status for children at risk, such as trafficked children.\n44 OHCHR and UNICEF, _[Judicial Implementation of Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5135ae842.html)_\n_[Europe: The case of migrant children including unaccompanied children](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5135ae842.html)_, June 2012; Inter-American Court of\nHuman Rights, [Advisory Opinion OC-21/14,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54129c854.html) 19 August 2014 (on \u201cRights and guarantees of children in the context\nof migration and/or in need of international protection\u201d).\n45 [For instance, a regional workshop under the auspices of the EU/ICMPD \u201cMigration EU eXpertise (MIEUX)\u201d](https://www.icmpd.org/our-work/capacity-building/multi-thematic-programmes/mieux-iii/)\nproject was organized in June 2016 in Mexico City to strengthen the protection of UASC from Central America.\nOther capacity-building examples are set out in: UNICEF\u2019s written submissions to the 2012 Day of General\nDiscussion of the Committee on the Rights of the Child ( _[Access to Civil, Economic and Social Rights for Children](http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Pages/WSDGD2012.aspx)_\n_in the Context of Irregular Migration_, Annex II, \u201cPromising legislation and practices across five regions\u201d); and in\nHuman Rights Council, _[Technical cooperation and capacity-building to promote and protect the rights of all](http://www.refworld.org/docid/56f1785e4.html)_\n_[migrants, including women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities](http://www.refworld.org/docid/56f1785e4.html)_, A/HRC/31/80, 25 January 2016.\n46 Extensive work on children\u2019s rights in the context of migration and asylum has been undertaken by the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, the\nEuropean Union\u2019s Fundamental Rights Agency and the African Commission on Human and People\u2019s Rights, among\nothers.\n47 Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa, _[Addressing Mixed and Irregular Migration in the SADC Region:](http://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/ICP/RCP/English-Final-Report-MIDSA-2015.pdf)_\n_[Protection of the Unaccompanied Migrant Child](http://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/ICP/RCP/English-Final-Report-MIDSA-2015.pdf)_, 2015.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "country-specific\nhuman rights studies", - "confidence": 0.9171140193939209, - "start": 106, - "end": 110 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and youth", - "confidence": 0.8069285154342651, - "start": 101, - "end": 104 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - UNHCR developed its \u201cLive, learn and play safe\u201d regional initiative (2014 \u2013 2016) [ 48] in\n\nresponse to the protection challenges facing children from the Horn of Africa in Egypt,\nEthiopia, Sudan and Yemen. This initiative involves actions in all of these countries to\nachieve better outcomes for children, and to attempt to reduce dangerous onward movements,\nincluding encouraging regional cooperation for the exchange of information on onward\nmovements, efforts to trace and reunify families, and the sharing of knowledge and best\npractices.\n\n - UNHCR, the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) and the International Committee of\n\nthe Red Cross (ICRC) have promoted child and family protection support hubs, also known\nas \u201cBlue Dots\u201d, in several countries. The hubs are drop-in centres that provide a safe, childfriendly space for children and families. At the hubs, people with specific needs are\nidentified, provided with information and services such as psychosocial support and legal\ncounselling, and are referred to other services such as medical support and safe overnight\nshelters.\n\n - In the Americas, countries of origin, transit and resettlement are cooperating with UNHCR\n\nand the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to enable eligible children at risk in\nEl Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to be processed for resettlement in the United States of\nAmerica from a place of safety in Costa Rica. [49]\n\n49. Against this background, participants in this thematic session are invited to consider how to\nstrengthen regional cooperation, potentially involving countries of origin, transit and destination, in order\nto improve the protection of children on the move. Participants are encouraged to share other examples of\nregional cooperation, and to propose new forms of cooperation.\n\n50. In particular, participants are invited to consider the following questions:\n\n\n - How can country-level efforts to strengthen national child protection systems, ensuring nondiscriminatory access for all children, inform regional efforts to strengthen the protection of\nchildren on the move? Can strategies developed for largely stable asylum situations be\nadapted to address the needs of highly mobile children?\n\n - What policies and actions of regional organizations or regional processes have strengthened\nprotection of children on the move? Have any regional policies or actions put children in\nfurther jeopardy?\n\n - What role can regional courts play in guiding State authorities to respect the best interests of\nchildren on the move, including with regards to more protective asylum systems and the\nidentification of solutions in their best interests?\n\n - What types of issues and activities lend themselves to effective regional cooperation? What\nexamples of transnational good practice (programmes and tools) can participants bring\n\n\n48 UNHCR, _[Live, learn and play safe. Regional Initiative 2014-2016. Protecting Children at Risk in Egypt,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53bbc6314.html)_\n_[Ethiopia, Sudan and Yemen](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53bbc6314.html)_, 2014. The initiative focuses on children from the Horn of Africa moving along two\nroutes: from Eritrea to Ethiopia, Sudan and onward to Egypt and Libya (in an effort to reach Europe), and from\nSomalia and Ethiopia across the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to Yemen and onward (towards Saudi Arabia and\nother Gulf States).\n49 Department of Homeland Security, _[U.S. Expands Initiatives to Address Central American Migration](https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/07/26/us-expands-initiatives-address-central-american-migration-challenges)_\n_[Challenges](https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/07/26/us-expands-initiatives-address-central-american-migration-challenges)_, Press Release, 26 July 2016.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "forward? What suggestions can participants make for new regional programmes and tools?\nNotably:\n\n - How can regional initiatives help to strengthen child protection systems in countries\nof origin, transit and destination? Can State commitments in the New York\nDeclaration support regional cooperation in this regard?\n\n - How can regional cooperation support preparedness and response to sudden influxes\nof children on the move, including UASC?\n\n - How can regional cooperation help to address the reasons behind children\u2019s\nmovements? Do efforts to dissuade children from dangerous onward movement\nwork? Do they reduce or increase risks?\n\n - Can regional cooperation support efforts to collect accurate data and to monitor\nchildren\u2019s movements, taking data protection imperatives into account?\n\n - Can children be supported to engage in peer-to-peer exchanges of information within\nand across regions?\n\n\n**Thematic session 2: Operationalizing children\u2019s rights**\n\n51. Refugee children have been described as being \u201cat the intersection of two particularly vulnerable\npopulations \u2013 refugees and children\u201d. [50] The CRC emphasizes the principle of non-discrimination, making\nclear that a child\u2019s immigration status cannot be used to justify discrimination against the child.\nTranslating this into national practice has proven to be a challenge however, and there are many gaps\nbetween the rights and principles set out in the CRC and the experiences of children who move across\ninternational borders. The New York Declaration reiterates States\u2019 commitment to comply with their\nobligations under the CRC, [51] with specific reference to the best interests of the child.\n\n52. A key to operationalizing children\u2019s rights is to ensure cooperation between national authorities\nresponsible for child welfare and those for immigration. Participants in this thematic session are\nencouraged to bring forward examples of cooperation between these authorities to meet the protection\nneeds of children on the move. Participants are also invited to focus on operationalizing children\u2019s rights\nin two critical areas, identified by children themselves as vital: the right to a legal identity and the right to\nliberty.\n\n_The right to a legal identity: birth registration, nationality and documentation_\n\n53. Under international law, every child has the right to birth registration, to a name and to acquire a\nnationality, [52] yet persons of concern to UNHCR often still face significant barriers to registering the birth\n\n\n50 Jacqueline Bhabha, \u201cMinors or Aliens? Inconsistent State Intervention and Separated Child AsylumSeekers,\u201d _European Journal of Migration and Law_, Vol. 3 (2001), p. 284.\n51 [New York Declaration, para. 32.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n52 [Convention on the Rights of the Child](http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx) _,_ [Article 7(1). See also, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights](http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/UDHRIndex.aspx)\n(Article 15), the [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights](http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx) (Article 24), the [1961 Convention on the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b39620.html)\n[Reduction of Statelessness, and relevant human rights instruments in Africa, the Americas, Europe and the Middle](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b39620.html)\nEast.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of their children. [53] Birth registration provides evidence of a child\u2019s age and legal identity that is critical to\nthe enjoyment of rights and child-specific protections and can help to prevent statelessness by\ndocumenting parentage and place of birth. [54] Gaps in nationality laws are a major cause of statelessness, as\nare discriminatory rules with respect to who can and who cannot pass on their nationality.\n\n54. Sustainable Development Goal 16(9) sets the target of \u201clegal identity for all, including birth\nregistration,\u201d by 2030. [55] Considerable progress has been made since 2006, when ExCom adopted\nConclusion 106 (LVII) on \u201cIdentification, prevention and reduction of statelessness and protection of\nstateless persons\u201d. This has since been reinforced by ExCom Conclusion 111 (LXIV) of 2013 on \u201cCivil\nregistration\u201d, ExCom Conclusion 113 (LXVII) of 2016 on \u201cYouth\u201d and by UNHCR\u2019s global campaign to\nend statelessness launched in 2014.\n\n55. Growing awareness of the importance of birth registration has resulted in legal reforms and\nefforts to improve birth registration systems in many countries. To cite just one example, UNHCR has\nsince 2010 worked with the Ministry of the Interior in Thailand to support the issuing of birth certificates\nto babies born to registered refugees in camps on its border with Myanmar, and the Government has\ncommitted to issuing birth certificates to babies born to unregistered refugees residing in the camps.\nThese measures contribute to ensuring a legal identity for refugee children and may help to establish their\ncitizenship upon future return, preventing the risk of statelessness.\n\n56. At the same time, whether or not they are in possession of birth certificates, asylum-seeking and\nrefugee children frequently draw attention to their need for documentation of their legal status. Youth\ntaking part in the 2016 Global Refugee Youth Consultations stressed the serious implications of not\nhaving legal documents in their countries of residence, including the risk of arrest and detention, and\nbarriers to access services. Stateless children consulted by UNHCR have illustrated the many\nimplications of not having nationality documentation. [56]\n\n57. Against this background, participants are invited to consider the following questions:\n\n\n - What further measures can be taken to ensure birth registration for children of concern to\nUNHCR who move across international borders?\n\n - What other good practices can help to prevent statelessness for children on the move?\n\n - What can be done to ensure that the absence of personal documentation does not impede\naccess to basic rights for refuge and asylum-seeking children?\n\n\n53 The [New York Declaration](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html) also highlights the importance of birth registration and the prevention of\nstatelessness \u2013 see particularly, paras. 71 and 72 \u2013 and includes a commitment from States to register all births on\ntheir territory (para. 32).\n54 See the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in _[Case of the Yean and Bosico children v. The Dominican](http://www.refworld.org/docid/44e497d94.html)_\n_[Republic](http://www.refworld.org/docid/44e497d94.html)_ for discussion of how the lack of identity documents restricts access to other rights, such as education.\n55 The meaning of \u201clegal identity\u201d has been the subject of much discussion among experts. One helpful\ndefinition is \u201cthe recognition of a person\u2019s existence before the law, facilitating the recognition of specific rights and\n[corresponding duties\u201d: Lucia Gonzalez Lopez et al, \u201cCivil Registration, Human Rights, and Social Protection in](http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/population-and-demography/civil-registration-human-rights-and-social-protection-in-asia-and-the-pacific_ba046677-en)\n[Asia and the Pacific,\u201d](http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/population-and-demography/civil-registration-human-rights-and-social-protection-in-asia-and-the-pacific_ba046677-en) _Asia-Pacific Population Journal_, Vol. 29, No. 1 (November 2014), p. 77.\n56 UNHCR, _[I Am Here, I Belong: The Urgent Need to End Childhood Statelessness](http://www.refworld.org/docid/563368b34.html)_, 3 November 2015.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Birth registration", - "confidence": 0.9937771558761597, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6760176420211792, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_The right to liberty_\n\n58. The detention of children, even if they are not separated from their families, has a severe impact\non children\u2019s physical, emotional and psychological development. [57] There is a growing consensus that\ndepriving a child of liberty for reasons related to that child\u2019s migratory status \u201ccan never be understood as\na measure that responds to the child\u2019s best interest\u201d. [58] The Committee on the Rights of the Child has\ncalled on States to cease the immigration detention of children. [59]\n\n59. For this reason, the first goal of UNHCR\u2019s global strategy to end the detention of asylum-seekers\nand refugees is to end the detention of children. Most States do not provide data on children detained on\nimmigration grounds, making it difficult to measure progress toward eliminating the practice. At the end\nof 2015, UNHCR was aware of more than 140,000 children detained for immigration-related reasons in\nthe 12 focus countries of its \u201cBeyond detention\u201d project, 14 per cent fewer than at the end of 2014. [60] In\nDecember 2014, the United Nations General Assembly requested that a global study on children deprived\nof liberty be carried out. When completed, that study should provide a more extensive evidence base\nincluding both statistics and good practices, along with recommendations for action. [61]\n\n60. In the interim, rights-based, child-friendly reception and care arrangements for children on the\nmove remain an urgent priority. [62] The global campaign to end immigration detention of children,\nlaunched in 2012, urged States to adopt alternatives that are in the best interests of the child, and allow the\nchild to remain with family members or guardians in non-custodial, community-based settings while their\nimmigration status is being resolved. A number of States have begun to do this. For example, in\nIndonesia there are five shelters (with two more being opened in coming months) that are available for\nUASC who are refugees or who have applied for asylum. The Government collaborates with UNHCR\nand its partners, Church World Service and IOM, to ensure that children have access to basic necessities,\nhealth and psychosocial care, language and computer classes, and recreational activities. Also notable are\nthe reforms that some States have taken to adopt legislation ending the detention of children on\nimmigration grounds or their pledges to do so. [63]\n\n61. Participants in this thematic session are invited to consider the following questions:\n\n\n - What good practices can participants share with respect to alternative reception and care\narrangements to ensure that children, including children at risk such as UASC and trafficked\nchildren, are not detained and to respect their rights?\n\n\n57 UNHCR, _[Beyond Detention. A Global Strategy to support governments to end the detention of asylum-](http://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html)_\n_[seekers and refugees 2014 \u2013 2019](http://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html)_, 2014, p. 5. On the effects of immigration detention on children see also: _[Report](http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=103)_\n_[of the UN Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E.](http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=103)_\n_[M\u00e9ndez](http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=103)_, A/HRC/28/68, 5 March 2015, paras. 16 and 59 \u2013 62.\n58 Inter-American Court of Human Rights, _[Advisory Opinion OC-21/14 of August 19, 2014 on Rights and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54129c854.html)_\n_[Guarantees of Children in the Context of Migration](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54129c854.html)_, para. 154.\n59 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child _[, Report of the 2012 Day of General Discussion: The Rights of All](http://www.refworld.org/docid/51efb6fa4.html)_\n_[Children in the Context of International Migration](http://www.refworld.org/docid/51efb6fa4.html)_, November 2012, para. 79.\n60 UNHCR, _[Progress Report mid-2016. Beyond Detention. A Global Strategy to support governments to end](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57b850dba.html)_\n_[the detention of asylum-seekers and refugees \u2013 2014 \u2013 2019](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57b850dba.html)_, August 2016, p. 31.\n61 United Nations General Assembly, _[Rights of the Child](http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/C.3/69/L.24/Rev.1)_, A/C.3/69/L.24/Rev.1, 17 November 2014, para.\n51 (d).\n62 United Nations General Assembly, _[Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children. Resolution adopted by](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c3acd162.html)_\n_[the General Assembly](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c3acd162.html)_, A/RES/64/142, 24 February 2010.\n63 See: International Detention Coalition, _[There are Alternatives: A handbook for preventing unnecessary](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57d022a24.html)_\n_[immigration detention](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57d022a24.html)_, 13 May 2011.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - What good practices can participants share to ensure that families with children are not\ndetained, thereby respecting the right to family unity?\n\n - Which child protection measures can be taken to reduce the chance of children (and families)\nabandoning asylum and migration procedures, while still respecting their right to liberty?\n\n\n**Thematic session 3: Securing solutions for children on the move**\n\n62. The proportion of refugees who have been able to find a durable solution in recent years is\nalarmingly low. In 2015, voluntary repatriation and resettlement together provided solutions for just 2 per\ncent of all refugees (adults and children combined) registered with UNHCR at the start of that year. [64] The\nextent to which children find solutions through local integration is harder to measure. No comprehensive\nfigures exist for grants of asylum to children (unaccompanied or in families) by countries operating\nindividual refugee status determination procedures, and while definitions of local integration vary, most\nagree that it is a gradual process that culminates when a refugee acquires the nationality of the host\nsociety. [65]\n\n63. While the absence of durable solutions affects all children, [66] it has an especially concerning\nimpact on those who are already at risk for other reasons. The absence of solutions leads many children \u2013\nalone and in families \u2013 to face enormous dangers in an effort to move onward from their first countries of\nasylum to a country that offers the prospect of a more secure future. The New York Declaration\ndocuments important State commitments to increasing access to solutions from the outset of a refugee\nsituation, including through expanded legal pathways, resettlement programmes and humanitarian\nadmission programmes. [67] The New York Declaration also commits States to improving protection and\nassistance programmes for refugees in countries of first asylum through community-based development\nprogrammes that benefit both refugees and host communities and to developing national strategies for the\nprotection of refugees within the framework of national social protection systems. It also encourages host\ngovernments to consider opening their labour markets to refugees. [68]\n\n64. In line with this, significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop new approaches. [69]\nIt is important to articulate more fully what this means for children who constitute more than half of the\nworld\u2019s refugees. The 2016 Global Refugee Youth Consultations provided a platform for dialogue with\nyoung people about solutions, recognizing that today\u2019s children and youth will play an important role in\ndecision-making in their communities in the future. In these consultations, youth stressed the vital\nimportance of education to their future prospects. Whether refugee children return home, resettle or\nremain in the country of first asylum, education in particular is key to their protection and to equipping\nthem to live productive lives.\n\n\n64 UNHCR, _[Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html)_ .\n65 In one notable example, the United Republic of Tanzania granted citizenship to Burundian refugees who had\nbeen in the country since 1972, as well as their children who had been born in the country. By May 2016, some\n162,000 former refugees had been naturalized.\n66 Three quarters of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate live in protracted situations. More than half of all\nrefugee children under UNHCR\u2019s mandate in 2016 come from just three countries: Afghanistan, Somalia and the\nSyrian Arab Republic.\n67 [New York Declaration, paras. 75-79.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n68 [New York Declaration, paras. 80, 83-84.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n69 See: UNHCR, _[Solution strategies](http://www.unhcr.org/5596446f9.pdf)_, EC/66/SC/CRP.15, 8 June 2015; UNHCR, _[New approaches to solutions](http://www.unhcr.org/excom/standcom/575a74597/solutions-575a74597.html#_ga=1.10718263.207510732.1474025027)_,\nEC/67/SC/CRP.14, 7 June 2016.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "65. The international community has set the goal of ensuring \u201cinclusive and quality education for\nall\u2026\u201d by 2030. [70] Yet in 2015, nearly two-thirds of the refugee children of primary and secondary school\nage under UNHCR\u2019s mandate were not in school. [71] Many good practices in ensuring \u201cinclusive and\nquality education\u201d can nonetheless be highlighted, beginning with the growing number of countries that\ngive refugee children access to their national education systems, and the multiplication of scholarship\nopportunities for refugee students. [72] More flexible learning environments such as accelerated\nprogrammes for children and youth who have had their education interrupted or who have missed out on\nschool altogether and the development of connected or e-learning opportunities are other positive\ndevelopments. [73]\n\n66. With respect to access to education for children on the move, participants in this thematic session\nare invited to consider the following questions, and to provide examples of good and innovative practices:\n\n\n - How can refugee education be systematically included in national development plans and in\neducation sector planning, and refugees included in national education systems?\n\n - How can the educational needs of children who have missed many years of schooling be met\nby national education systems? What good practice initiatives exist for adolescents who\narrive in countries of asylum after the age of compulsory schooling?\n\n - What good practices exist to address the reasons for low primary and secondary school\nenrolment among refugee children (limited capacity of local schools; cost; distance;\ndiscrimination; safety concerns; language; and other social, cultural and economic factors,\nincluding the need for children to work to contribute to their family\u2019s survival)?\n\n - What are the opportunities for increasing access to tertiary education as well as to non-formal\neducation, skills-building and job training for older adolescents?\n\n - Can improved educational and vocational training opportunities in countries of first asylum\nhelp to reduce onward movements?\n\n - What strategies can be used to help States meet their commitments with regard to refugee\neducation under the New York Declaration?\n\n\n67. While education enables refugee children to be productive members of the communities in which\nthey live, expanding access to timely and durable solutions depends on broader and sustained\ninternational cooperation. [74] This includes support for voluntary repatriation through rehabilitation,\nreconstruction and development in countries of origin, as well as efforts to foster reconciliation and\n\n\n70 [Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 reads in full: \u201cEnsure quality education for all and promote lifelong](http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/)\n[learning\u201d. States also made important commitments with regard to refugee education in the New York Declaration,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\nparas. 81-82.\n71 UNHCR, _[Missing Out: Refugee Education in Crisis](http://www.unhcr.org/missing-out-state-of-education-for-the-worlds-refugees.html)_, September 2016, p. 4.\n72 [UNHCR\u2019s scholarship programme, known as DAFI, plays an integral role in enabling refugees worldwide to](http://www.unhcr.org/dafi-scholarships.html)\naccess higher education. Since its inception in 1992, the DAFI programme has grown considerably, enabling over\n2,240 refugee students annually to study at universities and colleges in 41 countries of asylum in 2014. Over the\nnext four years, [Germany will offer 1,700 scholarships for Syrian students \u2013 1,000 of these will be in Turkey,](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/4/5702722a6/german-funded-scholarships-give-young-refugees-hope-education.html)\nmaking it the country with the most DAFI scholars.\n73 UNHCR, _[Missing Out: Refugee Education in Crisis](http://www.unhcr.org/missing-out-state-of-education-for-the-worlds-refugees.html)_, September 2016, p. 18. Sixty-four out of 81 refugee\nhosting countries analysed by UNHCR do not place formal restrictions on refugees accessing national systems.\n74 UNHCR, [ExCom Conclusion No. 112 (LXVII) 2016 on \u201cInternational cooperation from a protection and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57f7b5f74.html)\nsolutions perspective\u201d.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dialogue, including with the participation of adolescents and youth. Repatriation programmes will be\nmost effective when they are tailored to take account of children\u2019s needs and to prepare them for the\nprofound impact that repatriation, especially to fragile regions and societies, may have on them.\n\n68. UNHCR has also encouraged governments to increase resettlement opportunities, including for\nchildren at risk. [75] In order for resettlement to be a durable option for children and families, they should be\nprovided with access to a long-term, ideally permanent, residence status ultimately leading to\nnaturalization. For UASC who are resettled, foster placements with families from the children\u2019s\ncommunities of origin should be prioritized whenever possible. Complementary pathways to protection\nsuch as private sponsorships, expanded family reunification, scholarships schemes and/or admissions\ndirectly from the country of origin can benefit children. [76]\n\n69. In particular where UASC and other children at risk are concerned, the search for sustainable\nsolutions needs to be informed by a consideration of what will be in the best interests of the child. The\nresponsibility to implement the best interests principle is first and foremost that of States, stemming from\ntheir international legal obligations. [77] Where a State process is not available, UNHCR, in the exercise of\nits protection mandate, will take steps to ensure consideration of the best interests of children. The\ngreater the impact of a decision on a child, the stronger the procedural safeguards attached to this process\nneed to be. [78]\n\n70. UNHCR and partners have worked to institutionalize best interests procedures and to extend them\nto larger numbers of children at risk, whether in the form of formal best interests determinations (BID) or\nless formal best interest assessments (BIA). While significant progress has been made in\ninstitutionalizing best interests procedures within UNHCR operations, BIDs continue to be used by\nUNHCR and partners primarily to determine which durable solution is in the best interests of an\nunaccompanied or separated child, in particular for resettlement. [79] Significant work has also been done\nto support States to incorporate best interests procedures within their asylum and border processes. [80]\n\n\n75 On 21 April 2016, for instance, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland announced the\nestablishment of programme to resettle children at risk from the Middle East and North Africa, including UASC as\nwell as others at risk, such as child carers, those at risk of child labour, child marriage or other forms of neglect,\nabuse or exploitation. Statement by James Brokenshire, Minister of State for Immigration, [House of Commons](https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2016-04-21/HCWS687/)\n[Written Statement 687, 21 April 2016.](https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2016-04-21/HCWS687/)\n76 The [Central American Minors Programme in the United States of America is one such example. The](https://www.uscis.gov/CAM)\nprogramme was established in 2014 and expanded in 2016 and seeks to provide qualified children in El Salvador,\nGuatemala and Honduras a safe, legal and orderly alternative to the dangerous overland journey.\n77 [ExCom Conclusion No. 107 (LVIII) (2007) recommends that States \u201c\u2026utilize appropriate procedures for the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/471897232.html)\ndetermination of the child\u2019s best interests which facilitate adequate child participation without discrimination; where\nthe views of the child are given due weight in accordance with age and maturity; where decision makers with\nrelevant expertise are involved; and where there is a balancing of all relevant factors in order to assess the best\noption.\u201d\n78 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, _[General Comment No. 14 on the right of the child to have his or](http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a84b5e4.html)_\n_[her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para 1)](http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a84b5e4.html)_, CRC/C/GC/14, 2013, para. 20.\n79 A formal BID may also be required in other situations, such as unresolved custody cases or where a child\nneeds to be removed from parental custody owing to abuse or neglect. See: _[UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/48480c342.html)_\n_[Best Interests of the Child](http://www.refworld.org/docid/48480c342.html)_, May 2008, pp. 22, 30 \u2013 31 and UNHCR, _[Field Handbook for the Implementation of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e4a57d02.html)_\n_[UNHCR BID Guidelines](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e4a57d02.html)_, November 2011, pp. 8, 54 \u2013 55.\n80 UNHCR and UNICEF, _[Safe & Sound](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html)_, 2014; Separated Children in Europe Programme, _[Statement of Good](http://www.refworld.org/docid/415450694.html)_\n_[Practice](http://www.refworld.org/docid/415450694.html)_, 4 [th] Revised Edition, March 2010.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "71. Consideration of solutions also needs to take the principle of family unity into account. Adopting\na flexible, culturally-sensitive definition of what constitutes a family is usually in the best interests of the\nchild. In principle, tracing of family members should begin as soon as such a child is identified as\nunaccompanied or separated, as long as such measures do not carry a risk of harm for the child or his or\nher family. Providing information and counselling to the child can help to build trust and to prepare him\nor her for the possible outcomes of tracing and next steps that may lead to family reunification. [81] UASC\nwho are resettled and those granted asylum should be able to be joined by family members if they are\nsubsequently located.\n\n72. Participants in this thematic session are invited to consider what additional steps can be taken to\nfind solutions for children, especially for children at risk, and to provide examples of good practice. The\nfollowing questions are proposed for discussion:\n\n - What is the relationship between BIDs and solutions? In identifying a durable solution, what\nweight is to be given to the views of the child?\n\n - What is the relationship between family tracing, family assessment and solutions? What\ngood practice exists regarding family assessments?\n\n - What can be done to improve family reunification processes in order to bring families\ntogether as quickly as possible?\n\n - What are the main impediments to the local integration of children, particularly of those born\nand raised in countries of first asylum, and how can they be addressed?\n\n - How can more resettlement of children at risk be achieved? What new pathways for\nadmission of children at risk to third countries can be identified?\n\n - What needs to be in place in countries of destination, before children at risk are resettled?\n\n - What are the main impediments to voluntary repatriation of children, both UASC and in\nfamilies? How can these be addressed?\n\n\n81 UNHCR and UNICEF, _[Safe & Sound](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html)_, 2014, p. 32.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73f318bd-9f7e-35e6-b9aa-fd1b1ffc2e47/583d8e597.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_111/raw/doc_111_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_111/raw/doc_111_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c245225714aaad8f2a7d6c3d054169e7c0b3c43c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_111/raw/doc_111_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,235 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### Executive Summary\n\nThis report summarizes the key findings of the focus group discussion conducted with 145\nrefugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo who fled violence in the Kasa\u00ef region to Lunda\nNorte, Angola, on their relocation from temporary reception centres to a new site. The discussions\nrevealed a general agreement by the refugees to the principles and organization of the relocation,\nbut also hesitations to relocate from a relatively urban area to a rural setting, mainly due to\nnegative rumours and concerns related to livelihood opportunities and freedom of movement. As a\nby-product, the consultations gave valuable insight to the underlying fears, wishes and hopes of\nthe refugees with regards to the L\u00f3vua site, giving impetus to adjust the related plans and\ncommunication strategy accordingly.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA.\n\n##### Introduction\n\n\nBetween April and 8 July 2017, violence and ethnic tensions in the Kasai Province of the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) generated an influx of over 29,000 Congolese\nseeking asylum in Angola\u2019s Lunda Norte province. [1] The refugees are hosted in two\ntemporary reception centres, Cacanda and Mussungue, which are operating beyond their\nmaximum capacity in conditions that do not allow for adequate protection and assistance.\nSome 62% of the refugees live with the host community. [2] The Government of Angola\nallocated an extensive rural site to accommodate the refugees in mid-and longer term,\napproximately 90 km from Dundo and the reception centres, which are situated in the\nvicinity of the Dundo town that has a population of some 30,000 people. The new site in\nL\u00f3vua is under development.\n\n\nUNHCR undertook a series of the focus group discussions (FGDs) with refugees living in\nthe reception centres on the relocation of the refugee population to L\u00f3vua. The FGDs were\ncoordinated by UNHCR and conducted with the support of Ministry for Assistance and\nSocial Reinsertion (MINARS), Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), UNFPA, UNICEF and WFP.\n\n##### Objective\n\n\nFocus group discussions (FDG) were undertaken to consult the refugee community in the\nreception centres on (1) the guiding principles and logistics of the relocation plan; (2) the\nshelter package foreseen for refugees to build family shelters, latrine and shower on their\nallocated plot; and (3) to identify possible community-based support mechanisms in the\nframework of the relocation process.\n\n\nThe refugee population is comprised of some 75% of women and children and 6% of\npersons with specific needs, including over 200 unaccompanied and separated children\nand several hundred single-headed households (mainly female headed). Elderly represent\nsome 1,5% of the population. It was seen important to incorporate persons of all these\ncategories into the consultations.\n\n##### Methodology\n\n\nFifteen focus group discussions (FDG) were conducted with 145 refugees to explore their\nviews, including ten FGDs held in Mussungue reception centre on 23-24 June 2017 and\nfive FDGs in Cacanda reception centre on 8 July 2017. The FGDs were held separately for\nfemale and male refugees in three distinct population groups: adolescents (13-17 years\nold), adults (18-59 years old) and elderly (60+) to obtain information of each category\u2019s\nspecific needs.\n\n\nTaking into consideration the ethnic tensions within the refugee population, mitigation\nagainst participants being uncomfortable with expressing their thoughts freely was\nrequired. To this effect, generally two participants of each category were identified and\nrequested to bring their friends within the set FGD requirements. Stock taking was\nundertaken after each FDG to ensure persons with specific needs were included.\n\n\n_1_ Biometric Registration Update as of 8 July 2017 available at : https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/58456\n_2 Ibid._\n\n\n2 UNHCR / 19, July, 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.8900279998779297, - "start": 388, - "end": 391 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FDG", - "confidence": 0.8666813373565674, - "start": 392, - "end": 393 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mussungue reception centre", - "confidence": 0.8333526849746704, - "start": 409, - "end": 412 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.559421956539154, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8604395985603333, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometric Registration Update", - "confidence": 0.9649667143821716, - "start": 539, - "end": 542 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8344210386276245, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9587880373001099, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.5130304098129272, - "start": 482, - "end": 484 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA\n\n\n_Breakdown by sex and age group of focus group discussion participants._\n\n##### Key findings\n\n\nThe main findings from data generated by the focus group discussions are summarized\nbelow. The consultation brought about valuable information also in terms of current\nprotection challenges and daily concerns of the refugee population living in the reception\ncentres.\n\n\nIn terms of **site plan and principles of relocation,** essentially positive feedback was\nreceived on the concept of a village-based settlement (vs. a traditional camp design), the\nsize of the family plots, as well as on moving refugees by date of arrival, thereby ensuring\nto a large extent the proximity of families who lived in the same villages in the DRC.\nHowever, **family unity** needs to be safeguarded even if family members didn\u2019t arrive to\nLunda Norte at the same time. This is being ensured through continuous registration before\nthe beginning of the relocation and on case-by-case basis after the relocation.\nNevertheless meticulous execution of the physical relocation is also required to ensure\nfamily separation does not occur during the process.\n\n\nSimilarly, refugees accepted the existence of communal facilities upon arrival to the\nvillages where their assigned plot is situated until the have completed the construction of\ntheir private facilities. They also largely agreed that they would need to rely on themselves\nto construct their private shelter, latrine and shower facilities on the plot allocated to them.\nAssistance with the construction of these facilities was requested and is foreseen for those\nwho are physically impaired, need technical advice, or have simultaneous time-intensive\nduties or special needs (e.g. elderly persons and single-headed households). The\ndiscussions indicated that refugees would not be able to count on free assistance from the\ncommunity members for construction purposes. Many expressed contentment with having\nland to cultivate to diversify their diet and for livelihoods purposes.\n\n\nOverall the refugees agreed with the tools and materials proposed in the **shelter and**\n**WASH kit** with some concerns raised vis-\u00e0-vis the durability of the shelter materials, mainly\nthe plastic tarpaulins (UNHCR CRI plastic sheet). Especially a tin roof for the shelter was\nstrongly recommended. The refugees however accepted that the kit proposed was a\nstandard emergency shelter response, while more durable locally used materials\n(transitional shelter) are foreseen as the situation stabilizes. Groups of elderly men also\n\n\nUNHCR / 19, July, 2017 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT", - "confidence": 0.995762050151825, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7621472477912903, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA", - "confidence": 0.6975529193878174, - "start": 10, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CONGOLESE REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.8252645134925842, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA.\n\n\nsuggested to add an axe and some other tools to the kit, such as watering can, plough and\na hoe, which would allow farming and gardening from the beginning of the relocation.\n\n\nConcerns vis-\u00e0-vis relocation\n\n\nThe main concerns raised with regards to the conditions in L\u00f3vua across the discussion\ngroups include security, livelihood opportunities, freedom of movement and education.\n\n\nIn terms of **security**, the main issue raised was discrimination, tribalism and ethnic\ntensions among the refugee community (specifically between Luba and the Mpende\naccording to one FGD). The elderly especially were worried that revenge acts along the\ntribal lines would be undertaken once in L\u00f3vua, especially if possible militia members and\nwarring individuals were identified. The ethnicity of the local population (Tshokwe) who\nreportedly maintains close links with the Mpende was also eyed with suspicion, combined\nwith apprehensions that the local community would be hostile towards the relocated\nrefugee population. Similar concerns were raised in all focus groups, except for one. It was\nthereby suggested in some groups that ethnic groups should be living separately in L\u00f3vua.\nOverall, the groups were rather confident that sufficient security presence, as well as the\npresence of the humanitarian actors, would deter possible conflict, and relieved when\nhearing that the host community had expressed their readiness to welcome refugees.\n\n\nSome refugees who live with the host communities and individuals from Dundo have\nreportedly spread rumours about lions in L\u00f3vua that eat humans; and that the site does not\nhave any water. These rumours had created fears among the refugees interviewed, as well\nas the possibility of snakes. Enough material was requested to build flooring in the shelter\nto protect oneself from snakes.\n\n\nThe subject of **livelihood opportunities**, including jobs within and outside on the site, as\nwell as market availability, dominated the conversation in most FGDs independently of sex\nand age. The remoteness of L\u00f3vua from towns and cities (some 9 km from L\u00f3vua town of\n12,000 inhabitants), and employment, commercial and business opportunities -seemingly\nmore readily available in urban settings- were raised as major concerns. Refugee men\nenquired about work possibilities in site management and maintenance, while women\nenquired about possibility of cash grants/loans to start their own businesses and smallscale commercial activity. Finally, the range of available livelihood activities was a\nparticularly important point for those who were or had highly educated family members.\n\n\n**Freedom of movement** was a concern raised across the discussion groups. A part of the\nrefugee community has family links with the population of Dundo town whom they wished\nto continue visiting. Some refugees also receive financial support from them, which\ncomplements food and NFI distributions provided by the humanitarian organizations.\nWomen especially reported that domestic tasks and small-scale commercial activities in\nDundo gave them additional income. Many women also buy fresh food from Dundo market\nfor dietary reasons, and were worried that a similar market may not exist in more rural\nL\u00f3vua, or is not close enough for the elderly to access it. Some groups also enquired about\nwhether they would be permitted to return to the DRC from L\u00f3vua once the situation in the\nKasai becomes calm.\n\n\nEspecially the youth, women and some elderly were concerned about the possibilities\navailable for children and youth to continue their **education** (primary, secondary and\ntertiary), which had been disrupted by the flight to Angola. Mixed opinions were expressed\nabout whether education opportunities in French or in Portuguese would be preferable.\n\n\n4 UNHCR / 19, July, 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA\n\n\nRefugees were also concerned about international organizations withdrawing their\npresence in L\u00f3vua and about the continued **provision of services**, including health,\nprotection activities, and food and NFI distribution. The presence of humanitarian\norganizations was also perceived as decreasing the likelihood of inter-ethnic violence\nerupting at the new site.\n\n\nThe availability of **electricity** was a relatively frequent question, as some of the refugees\ncome from villages and cities that have electricity. Availability of communication network\nwas important for many refugees, mainly to stay in touch with families back in the DRC and\nto ensure family members would find them in L\u00f3vua in case of need, but also for general\ninformation needs.\n\n\nAmong other specific concerns raised, youth were interested in leisure possibilities in the\nL\u00f3vua site, including activities such as football and karate lessons.\n\n##### **Conclusion**\n\n\nThe level of knowledge of the refugees about relocation plans to L\u00f3vua varied across age,\nsex and gender, as did their attitude towards the relocation. For instance, groups of elderly\nrefugees were largely pleased about moving to L\u00f3vua provided they would be assisted with\nthe relocation process and building of their shelters. Many others expressed their\nwillingness to relocate if the security concerns could be alleviated. While some remained\nsceptic about the relocation, expressing their preference to stay in current reception\ncentres or return to the DRC, most persons seemed intrigued and the youth even excited\nabout moving to the new site after receiving clarifications about the foreseen development\nplan. Some inquired if their family (Angolan nationality) living in Dundo could register as\nrefugees for all of them to move together in L\u00f3vua. Finally, after obtaining more information\nabout L\u00f3vua, many refugees seemed to view the relocation generally as an opportunity,\nalbeit an unknown one, on which more information would be welcome.\n\n\nThe focus group discussions confirmed the need to build a strong peaceful co-existence\nprogramme inclusive of the host community, and in which livelihoods, energy and\nenvironmental planning play a strong role. A broader sensitization and information\ncampaign on relocation to L\u00f3vua and the site itself is considered essential for refugees\u2019\ninformed decision-making. The campaign will particularly need to address the unfounded\nrumours. Further focus group discussions will be conducted with the urban refugee\npopulation.\n\n\nUNHCR / 19, July, 2017 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA.\n\n###### Annex I: Focus Group Discussion Protocol\n\n\n**Focus Group Discussion Protocol**\n**on Relocation of DRC refugees from Cacanda and Mussungue**\n**reception centres, and from Dundo town, to new site (L\u00f3vua) for**\n\n**more permanent accommodation and services**\n\n(Mussungue 23 - 24 June 2017)\n\n**Purpose**\n\nThe purpose of this protocol is to guide focus group discussions (FDG) with\nadolescents (13-17 years old), adults (18-59 years old) and elderly (60+),\nseparately for female and male refugees from the Democratic Republic of\nCongo (DRC) on relocation from two current reception centres, and Dundo\ntown, to the new site being built in L\u00f3vua, allocated by the Government of\nAngola to host the refugees from DRC on mid- and longer term. The\nobjective of these FGDs is to consult the refugee community in view of\nfinalizing the draft relocation plan and shelter package.\n\n\n**I.** **CONDUCTING a FGD**\n\n1. **Welcome participants** : _Good morning/afternoon. Thank you for taking the_\n\n_time to join us for this discussion today_ .\n2. **Introduce yourself** : _My name is __________, and I\u2019m here on behalf of_\n\n_____ (organization) ____, working on ______ (field) _____._\n\n3. **Explain purpose:** _We are conducting a series of discussions with the_\n\n_refugee community in Lunda Norte to learn from each other about: (1) how_\n_we should organize the relocation of refugees from Cacanda and_\n_Mussungue reception centres, as well as from Dundo town, to the new site_\n_being built in L\u00f3vua; (2) and to inform and consult you on the shelter_\n_package foreseen to build your family shelters, latrine and shower in L\u00f3vua._\n_We will discuss/focus on (1) how we can organize this relocation in the_\n_most suitable way; (2) obtain your advice regarding the shelter package;_\n_and (3) how we can encourage all members of the community to help make_\n_this relocation successful and efficient._\n4. **Explain your role:** _In the coming hour, I will be asking questions. I am_\n\n_interested to listen to all points of view in this room and I will not be_\n_participating in the discussion (_ explain the role of the note-taker and\ninterpreter, if any _)._\n5. **Ensure Confidentiality:** _We will be calling each other with our first names._\n\n_We are committed to maintain your confidentiality, we are interested in your_\n_points of view and not in who said what. We kindly ask you to respect the_\n_confidentiality of each other and not to say who said what when you leave_\n_this room. If you would like to tell us a relevant story from your community,_\n_please do not reveal the names of the people concerned, or any detail that_\n_might reveal their identities (_ notify participants beforehand that we are\ntaking notes).\n\n\n6 UNHCR / 19, July, 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9960753321647644, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9156132936477661, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA", - "confidence": 0.6293798685073853, - "start": 10, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7542985081672668, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CONGOLESE REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.5365822911262512, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT: RELOCATION OF CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA\n\n\n6. **Begin with introductions**\n7. **Explain the site structure**\n\n8. **Explain the preliminary relocation plans** : Feel free to ask participants\n\nfirst what they might have heard of the planned relocation before you\npresent the foreseen plan.\n9. **Explain the shelter package:** Simplify key concepts as much as possible.\n10. **Ask for feedback; move from general to specific questions if required.**\n\n\u00fc\uf0fc Explain discussion process to participants: \u201c _We will start now by_\n\n_discussing \u2026.\u201d_\n\n\u00fc\uf0fc For each of the themes, use open-ended questions to encourage\n\ndiscussion and explore participants\u2019 points of view. Note down\nrecurrent points and re-visit them as necessary.\n\n9. **Summarize keys points; encourage some general agreement** : _To_\n\n_summarize what we discussed, you think _______________. Does this_\n_capture the essence of what was said today?_\n10. **Thank participants, inform them about next steps:** _Thank you again for_\n\n_coming today. The points of view you shared today are really important to_\n_us and for the success of the relocation and for equitable/peaceful living_\n_conditions at the L\u00f3vua site. Thank you for helping us in planning this. We_\n_will make sure to take your opinions into consideration in the relocation_\n_plans to be launched next month, as well as in finalizing the shelter_\n_package._\n\n\nUNHCR / 19, July, 2017 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/259c9c93-fee4-3f89-a172-c93890a3f229/58557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_112/raw/doc_112_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_112/raw/doc_112_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 67bb800050fb371c7ff5ce79e462f9f3c1008420..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_112/raw/doc_112_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,274 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "JANUARY-JUNE 2017\n# DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nhad to break open the hold to free persons locked below deck. At least 33 people, including children, died in the incident. For more, see [here.](https://www.moas.eu/blogmoas-crews-exhausted-following-another-mass-tragedy-in-the-mediterranean)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to have already died this year along that route compared\nto 2,470 in the same period last year. Those crossing from\nTurkey to Greece or Bulgaria have described terrifying night\njourneys across the short stretch of sea to Greece in which\nmore than 1,200 people have drowned since the start of\n2015, being held captive for extortion or else abandoned\nby smugglers, and being sent back across borders at night\nby masked police. Many of those arriving in Spain reported\nhardships during their journeys such as crossing the sea in\nflimsy inflatable boats or suffering violence while trying to\ncross the fences at the land border.\n\nThese risks do not end once in Europe. Those moving\nonwards irregularly from Greece and Bulgaria have reported\nabuses at the hands of smugglers, as well as being beaten,\nset upon by police dogs and pushed back by some border\nauthorities. Of the 40 reported deaths along land routes\nin the first six months of 2017, 29 (or 73%) have occurred\nas refugees and migrants have tried to travel onwards\nfrom one European Union (EU) Member State to another.\nAt least three of the deaths were of unaccompanied or\nseparated children (UASC). In February and March this\nyear, unaccompanied and separated children, including\nthose trying to join family members elsewhere in Europe,\ndescribed to UNICEF and REACH the many dangers they\nfaced during multiple attempts to try to cross from Italy to\nFrance, [6] a border region where six people have died since\nthe start of the year, while 20 people have died in eleven\nseparate incidents so far this year while trying to travel\nonwards irregularly from Greece and Bulgaria.\n\nThese desperate journeys show that a different and more\ncomprehensive response is required. This must include\n\n\n6 UNICEF and REACH, [Situation Overview: Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Transit](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57943)\n[in Ventimiglia, February 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57943)\n\n\n\nDESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nefforts to address the root causes of displacement, and\nmore support to help States receiving and hosting refugees\nto provide protection and solutions.\n\nDespite some progress in increasing the number of persons\nable to access safe pathways to Europe, these opportunities\nare far too few to offer a feasible alternative to risky irregular\njourneys for people in need of international protection.\nMore needs to be done to enable more refugees to enter\nlegally, including for those trying to join family members\nalready in the EU, rather than having to resort to irregular\nand dangerous journeys.\n\nWith so many lives at risk in the central Mediterranean,\nenhanced rescue at sea operations undertaken by all\nactors, including the Italian coastguard, NGOs, Frontex\nand crews of merchant ships must remain a priority. In\n2017, fewer people have died in mass drownings in the\nfirst six months than in the same period in 2016 thanks to\nthe quick response of rescuers, including to larger boats\ncarrying up to 700 people at a time, amongst other factors.\nThose rescued at sea need to be provided with adequate\nreception facilities and services, including swift access to\nasylum procedures. Particular measures are also needed\nto identify and assist those with specific needs, including\nunaccompanied children and survivors of sexual and\ngender-based violence.\n\nMore solidarity is needed within the EU to ensure protection\nand assistance to those arriving in Europe, including\nthrough the speeding up, and extension of the relocation\nscheme, as well as efficient and speedy family reunion\nand implementation of the humanitarian and discretionary\nclauses under Dublin.\n\n\n### ONE FAMILY\u2019S JOURNEY TO EUROPE\n\n_By: Mirjana Milenkovski_\n\nAbdul* was a renowned artist in Kabul. In spring 2016, after his work attracted threats from many sides, Abdul, his wife Rukiya\nand two small daughters decided to leave. It was to be the start of a lengthy journey.\n\nRelying on smugglers to cross borders, they crossed into Iran and then Turkey. There smugglers promised them an easy journey\nthrough Bulgaria but it was to be one of the hardest parts of the journey. To cross the border, they walked for nine hours, along\nslippery back roads in the pouring rain and hiding from anyone they saw, exhausted and with crying children. Rukiya slipped and\nsprained her ankle but there was no choice but to continue walking.\n\nAt last, they reached a house in a village where the smuggler told them to rest, warning them against leaving the house. At this\npoint, the smuggler started to increase his demands for more money, threatening Abdul and his family if they did not comply\nand pay him $2,000.\n\n**\u201cThey told me that they would take my daughters and we\u2019d never see them again if we fail to pay,\u201d** Abdul recounts while his\nwife, sitting next to him, breaks down in tears. \u201cI was terrified, beside myself with worry and grief! I hid my tears, so that the\n\nchildren would not realise that something was wrong. And I kept telling\nmyself they should see only determination and courage in their parents.\u201d\n\nFearing for their safety, the family decided to make their own way onwards.\nThey contacted a \u2018guide\u2019 who promised to take them to Serbia, this time\ndemanding \u20ac2,500. \u201cThe smugglers are ruthless, they size you up and\ndecide on the spot how much they will charge you,\u201d Rukiya says.\n\n\n\nquested that their faces not be shown to protect their identities.\n\n\n\nIn the autumn of 2016, after five nights trying to cross the border irregularly,\nAbdul\u2019s family and 15 other refugees crossed into Serbia. Traumatized by\nthe journey thus far, their youngest child begged them to stop. So they\nregistered with Serbian authorities and have been accommodated and\nassisted in a reception facility in Serbia since.\n\n\n\n\n - Names changed for protection reasons\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n## EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\n\nSyrians and Iraqis comprise around half of arrivals by sea to Greece.\n\nThe number of refugees and migrants who travelled via the Eastern Mediterranean route in the first six months was 92% lower\nthan in the same period in 2016.\n\nOver 1,900 refugees and migrants, mostly from Iraq, have crossed by boat from Turkey to Italy since the start of 2017.\n\nAllegations of push-backs and human rights violations in border areas have continued in 2017.\n\nRefugees and migrants continued to travel onwards irregularly, facing multiple dangers, including robberies at the hands of\ncriminal gangs, abuses by smugglers and some state authorities, as well as the risk of death while trying to avoid detection.\n\n\n\nIn the first six months of 2017, 9,286 refugees and\nmigrants crossed the sea from Turkey to Greece\nwith many in need of international protection.\nAmongst arrivals during this period, Syrian nationals\ncontinued to be the largest group comprising 37%,\nfollowed by nationals of Iraqi (13%), the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo (7%), Afghanistan (6%) and\nAlgeria (6%). While the number of crossings between\nJanuary and April this year was vastly lower (97%)\nthan during the same period in 2016, the number of\n\n\n\nAs of the end of June, 46% of arrivals by sea were\nmale, with 22% women and 32% children. Many\nSyrians and Iraqis continue to arrive in family groups\nand 40% of Syrian arrivals since the start of the year\nhave been children, along with 35% men and 25%\nwomen. Based on individual interviews conducted\nby UNHCR and partners, it appears that a number of\nwomen, particularly from Africa, crossing to Greece\nby sea are survivors of sexual and gender-based\nviolence, either in their country of origin or during\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "individual interviews", - "confidence": 0.934190034866333, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.766435980796814, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.833310067653656, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF PRIMARY GROUPS ARRIVING BY SEA TO GREECE - JAN TO JUN 2017\n\n\n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nIraq\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nAlgeria\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nStateless\n\n\nPalestine\n\n\nIran\n\n\nKuwait\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSyrians, of which 35 were children, on 27 June. [12]\nMany Syrians arriving in Cyprus report crossing\nirregularly from Turkey to join family members\nalready granted protection in Cyprus, including\nhusbands and fathers. Many Syrians in Cyprus are\ngranted subsidiary protection rather than refugee\nstatus and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection in\nCyprus are not eligible for family reunification.\n\nAt Turkey\u2019s land borders with Europe, the number\nof refugees and migrants apprehended in Bulgaria\nhas fallen drastically in the past six months with just\n192 previously unregistered persons apprehended\nor intercepted at entry or exit points or in the\ninterior of the country in May and 172 in June. These\ncontributed to a total of 1,461 persons apprehended\nfor being undocumented in Bulgaria in the first\nsix months of 2017, an 80% decrease compared\nto the same time period last year. Most of those\napprehended in Bulgaria since the start of the year\nhave been from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. The\nreduced apprehensions occurred in a period in\nwhich Bulgaria has fenced an extended area of the\nborder. In mid-June, it was reported that only 5km of\nthe intended fenced area are still to be completed. [13]\nSeveral push-backs from Bulgaria have also been\nreported since the start of the year.\n\nIn contrast and likely in part due to the increased\nBulgarian restrictions, thousands continue to try to\ncross the land border between Turkey and Greece.\nBetween January and the end of June, the Turkish\nLand Forces reported intercepting 10,382 persons,\namounting to an average of 57 per day. According\nto Hellenic Police figures, 841 refugees and migrants\nhad crossed from Turkey to Greece irregularly as of\nthe end of May. [14] In June, high numbers of arrivals\nin Greece\u2019s Evros region were reported with around\n500 refugees and migrants, mostly from Syria,\nPakistan, Iraq, and Afghanistan, arriving in the space\nof four days. They contributed to an estimated total\nof 1,500 arrivals via the Turkey-Greece land border\n\n\n12 Turkish Coast Guard Command, [Current activities, 27 June 2017.](http://www.sahilguvenlik.gov.tr/haberdetay/2017/haziran/27haziran2017_sigacik.pdf)\n13 Ministry of Interior, [https://press.mvr.bg/NEWS/news170617_04.htm, 17](https://press.mvr.bg/NEWS/news170617_04.htm)\nJune 2017.\n14 Hellenic Police, [\u03a3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03af, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7](http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories//2017/statistics17/allodapwn/5_statistics_all_2017_methorio.png)\n[\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf & \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, June 2017.](http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories//2017/statistics17/allodapwn/5_statistics_all_2017_methorio.png)\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nGreek islands in May and June this year, the number\nof interceptions or rescues by the Turkish Coast\nGuard in these two months this year has been\nhigher than in the same period last year.\n\nIn May and June, more than 1,000 refugees and\nmigrants arrived in Italy by boat from Turkey, a\ntotal of 1,941 for the year. [10] So far, the majority of\narrivals using this route have been from Iraq with\nsome having indicated arranging their travel whilst\nin Iraq. Of the 2,323 Iraqis arriving in Europe by\nsea from Turkey in 2017 by the end of June, 46%\narrived in Italy. A group arriving at the end of June\nreported having departed Iraq just over two weeks\nprior to arriving in Italy. Many reported paying up\nto $6,000 for the journey, far more than the fees\npaid to cross from Turkey to Greece. Pakistani and\nSomali nationals comprise the next two largest\ngroups arriving in Italy directly from Turkey and for\nboth, the numbers reaching Italy by sea from Turkey\nare higher than those reaching Greece by sea from\nTurkey by the end of June this year. Several Somali\nnationals have reported traveling to Sudan, then\nIran, then Turkey in order to reach Italy, a lengthy,\nrisky and expensive journey. In June, an Iranian man\ndied during the journey from Turkey to Italy after\nbecoming very sick and distressed due to the dire\nconditions during the six-day voyage.\n\nAdditional vessels headed from Turkey to Italy have\nbeen intercepted by the Turkish Coast Guard or else\nhave required rescue off the coast of Greece. Some\n450 refugees and migrants believed to have been\nheaded to Italy from Turkey have been rescued off\nthe coast of Greece in separate occasions since the\nstart of the year. [11]\n\nOthers departing Turkey by sea continue to cross\nto Cyprus. While 302 persons mostly from Syria\nhad crossed to Cyprus from Turkey in the first four\nmonths of 2017, no further arrivals were recorded\nin May or June. However, others continued to\nbe intercepted by the Turkish Coast Guard while\nattempting the crossing including a group of 100\n\n\n10 UNHCR, [Italy: Sea arrivals dashboard: January to June 2017, July 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58489)\n[11 See, for example, Ekathimerini, Italy-bound migrants land on Crete, 1](http://www.ekathimerini.com/219733/article/ekathimerini/news/italy-bound-migrants-land-on-crete)\nJuly 2017.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the first six months of 2017. Of those referred\nto the Evros Reception and Identification Centre\nsince the start of the year, most have been from\nPakistan, Syria, Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan. In\naddition, amongst arrivals since the start of the year,\na steady increase has been noted in the number\nof unaccompanied and separated children from\nPakistan with most between the ages of 15 and 17.\n\nIn addition to the high number of interceptions\nby Turkish authorities at the Greece-Turkey land\nborder, UNHCR continues to receive testimonies\nof people seeking international protection who\nhave been irregularly returned to Turkey. In June,\nUNHCR issued a statement calling for a thorough\ninvestigation by Greek authorities into the\nallegations of push-backs. [15] Investigations are now\nproceeding. [16]\n\nNo further deaths have been reported during\nattempts to cross Turkey\u2019s land borders in May\nand June so the number of deaths during border\ncrossings here since the start of the year remains\nnine, most of whom died during winter. [17]\n\n**Onward Movement from Greece and Bulgaria**\n\nRefugees and migrants continued to travel onwards\nirregularly towards other EU Member States from\nGreece and Bulgaria in the first six months of 2017,\nincluding in efforts to reunify with family members\nelsewhere in the EU. Those moving on irregularly\nfrom Greece and Bulgaria face multiple dangers\nas they travel towards other EU Member States,\nincluding robberies at the hands of criminal gangs,\nabuses by smugglers and some state authorities,\nas well as the risk of death while trying to avoid\ndetection. Since the start of the year, 20 of the 40\n\n\n15 UNHCR, [UNHCR deeply concerned at reports of informal forced returns](http://www.unhcr.gr/nea/artikel/e075a82d656e43bad0db25768aec44fb/unhcr-deeply-concerned-at-reports-of.html)\n[from Greece to Turkey, 8 June 2017.](http://www.unhcr.gr/nea/artikel/e075a82d656e43bad0db25768aec44fb/unhcr-deeply-concerned-at-reports-of.html)\n16 The Greek Ombudsman, [Ex ofcio investigations for the anaesthesiol-](https://www.synigoros.gr/?i=stp.en.news.436281)\n[ogists and alleged readmissions to Turkey, 9 June 2017; Ekathimerini, Probe](https://www.synigoros.gr/?i=stp.en.news.436281)\n[under way into claims of pushbacks at Greek border, 20 June 2017.](http://www.ekathimerini.com/219407/article/ekathimerini/news/probe-under-way-into-claims-of-pushbacks-at-greek-border)\n17 UNHCR, Desperate Journeys: January to April 2017.\n\n\n\nDESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nrefugees and migrants reported killed along land\nroutes during attempts to cross borders irregularly\nhave died while trying to move on irregularly\nfrom Greece and Bulgaria to another EU Member\nState. In addition to the deaths previously reported\nbetween January and April this year, [18] another nine\nAfghan and Pakistani nationals died in Bulgaria in\na minibus crash. The vehicle was reportedly driven\nby an unlicensed 16-year-old. [19] In May, a Pakistani\nnational was killed and another severely injured\nafter they fell while trying to board a train in Croatia [20]\nwhile in early June, an unknown man was found\nelectrocuted near freight trains in Thessaloniki,\nGreece after it is believed he tried to hide aboard\na train headed to the former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia. [21] On 23 June, a 15-year-old Afghan\nunaccompanied child died and a 13-year-old was\nseverely injured after they jumped out of a moving\ntruck near the Croatia-Serbia border after realizing\nthat it was headed to Belgrade rather than crossing\nthe border. [22]\n\nOf those moving onwards irregularly, most travel\nfrom Greece via the former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia to Serbia or cross directly from Bulgaria\nto Serbia in order to then try to cross to Hungary,\nCroatia, or Romania. Other routes onwards from\nGreece include a land route used by smaller\nnumbers of people via Albania and Montenegro or\nKosovo, [23] or with smugglers by boat to Italy, or else\nby ferry to Italy using false documents or hiding in a\nvehicle during its embarkation. Since the start of the\nyear, Greek authorities have reported intercepting\nover 1,300 refugees and migrants attempting to\ndepart the country irregularly by sea.\n\n\n18 Ibid.\n19 DW, [Several migrants killed in smuggler bus crash in Bulgaria, 5 June](http://www.dw.com/en/several-migrants-killed-in-smuggler-bus-crash-in-bulgaria/a-39115451)\n2017.\n20 Are You Syrious, [Daily Digest, 23 May 2017.](https://medium.com/@AreYouSyrious/ays-daily-digest-23-05-2017-human-rights-are-at-risk-in-greece-d929d49a0256)\n21 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u0391\u039a\u0395\u0394\u039f\u039d\u0399\u0391, [\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2](http://\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae)\n[\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae, 2 June 2017.](http://\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae)\n[22 UNHCR, Serbia update: 19-25 June 2017, June 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58187)\n23 References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of\nSecurity Council resolution 1244 (1999).\n\n\n\nMONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS IN GREECE BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - JAN TO JUN 2017\n\n\n800\n\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic 413 434 678 447 694 725\n\nIraq 109 104 163 185 375 312\n\nCongo, Democratic Repulic of 118 89 51 42 160 172\n\nAfghanistan 51 77 56 77 127 150\n\nAlgeria 198 39 41 56 111 62\n\n\nArrival figures for Greece are provided by the Hellenic Coast Guard and Police. All figures are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\nUNHCR staff reported the arrival of over 2,400\nrefugees and migrants thought to have crossed\nfrom Greece between April and June. [24] Most of\nthose recorded were men and from Pakistan and\nAfghanistan. Once in the former Yugoslav Republic\nof Macedonia, most try to transit the country by\ncar with the help of smugglers, although some try\nto cross the country on foot. UNHCR continues\nto observe push-backs from the former Yugoslav\nRepublic of Macedonia to Greece. More than 660\npeople, including from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria\nand Iraq, are reported to have been irregularly\nreturned to Greece over the past three months. Most\nof those recorded as having been pushed back were\nfrom Afghanistan and Pakistan, but also included\nSyrians and Iraqis. UNHCR staff and partners in\nthe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia have\nalso continued to document refugees and migrants\nbeing pushed back from Serbia. UNHCR staff and\npartners have noted the return of over 700 persons,\nmostly Afghans, Pakistanis, Algerians, and Syrians,\n\n\n24 In the absence of official statistics on irregular migration, UNHCR notes\n\n\n\nDESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nfrom Serbia since the start of the year. Most have\nbeen pushed back but a smaller number are\nthought to be attempting to return irregularly to\nGreece, including due to the lengthy waiting period\nfor admission to the Hungarian \u2018transit zones\u2019.\n\nUNHCR and partners in Serbia have recorded the\narrival of over 2,500 refugees and migrants since\nthe start of the year. [25] Of those encountered by\nUNHCR, around 60% have reported arriving via\nBulgaria, with 36% reporting crossing via the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and another 4%\nusing other routes. Most of these new arrivals were\nnationals of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and Syria\nand 37% were women and children, including over\n300 unaccompanied and separated children. As\nof the end of June, 5,810 refugees and migrants\nwere recorded as being present in Serbia, a 21%\ndecrease from April, with 93% in governmental\nfacilities, the majority waiting for their turn for\nadmission to the two Hungarian \u2018transit zones\u2019, which\ncontinue to admit just 10 per week day. Of those in\n\n\n25 In the absence of official statistics on irregular migration, UNHCR notes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nauthorities worked to secure their reunion.\n\n\n\ngovernmental facilities, 80% were from Afghanistan,\nIraq and Syria and 52% were women and children.\nOnly 151 persons have so far applied for asylum in\nSerbia this year with others reporting concerns over\nlengthy and unreliable asylum procedures, limited\nemployment and integration prospects, as well as a\nlack of existing family and community ties.\n\nIn light of the very limited numbers able to enter\nHungary legally each day, many attempt to enter\nHungary or other states neighbouring Serbia\nirregularly. Since the start of the year, Hungary has\nreported apprehending 3,958 people on its territory\nand returning them to the other side of the fence\nat the Serbian border and UNHCR Serbia and its\npartners have received multiple accounts of people\nbeing denied access to asylum procedures as well as\nallegations of violence by border authorities. Others\ntry to move from Serbia to Croatia or Romania.\nCroatian officials have reported the irregular entry\nof 949 persons since the start of the year, most\nof whom entered from Serbia. However, UNHCR\nSerbia and its partners have also received reports\nof more than a thousand refugees and migrants\npushed back from Croatia since the start of the\nyear with many alleging they were denied access\nto asylum procedures and some reporting violence\nby border authorities. [26] Romanian authorities have\nrecorded the irregular entries of 1,190 refugees and\nmigrants crossing from Serbia in the first six months\nof 2017, with numbers dropping considerably in\nMay (197) and June (12) from the 609 recorded as\nentering from Serbia in April. At the same time,\nsince April UNHCR and partners in Serbia have\nconsistently received reports of alleged push-backs\nfrom Romania, including allegations of violence by\nborder authorities. [27]\n\n\n26 UNHCR, [Serbia Monthly Snapshot \u2013 May 2017, June 2017; UNHCR,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57724)\n[Serbia Monthly Snapshot \u2013 June 2017, July 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58581)\n27 Ibid.\n\n\n\nIn the first six months of the year, 1,440 asylumseekers were granted admission to Hungary via the\ntwo \u2018transit zones\u2019, an average of 240 per month.\nAsylum-seekers entering Hungary via the \u2018transit\nzones\u2019 are automatically detained for the duration\nof their asylum processing. In March, UNHCR noted\nthat Hungary\u2019s new asylum law violated Hungary\u2019s\nobligations under international and EU laws and\nwould have a significant impact on women, children\nand men. [28] The European Commission is following\nup on the infringement procedure on account of the\namendments to Hungary\u2019s asylum law. [29]\n\nAsylum-seekers, including families and\nunaccompanied children, arriving in Hungary via the\n\u2018transit zones\u2019 have recounted to UNHCR lengthy\njourneys of up 14 months and multiple hardships\nthey have endured on the way. Some have been\nheld hostage by smugglers demanding additional\npayments and being provided with very limited\nfood, endured lengthy journeys of up to 20 hours\non foot at a time, and been beaten by police and\npushed back across borders, sometimes more than\nonce.\n\nOf those attempting to depart from Bulgaria,\nBulgarian authorities have intercepted 1,880\nrefugees and migrants at exit points in the first six\nmonths of 2017, 88% of whom were intercepted at the\nBulgaria-Serbia border. Of all of those intercepted,\nonly 221 had not been previously registered by\nBulgarian authorities. Most of those intercepted\nat exit points have been from Afghanistan. Others\nmoving onwards from Bulgaria try to cross to\nRomania and since the start of the year, Romanian\nauthorities have recorded the irregular entry of 68\nrefugees and migrants from Bulgaria.\n\n\n28 UNHCR, [UNHCR deeply concerned by Hungary plans to detain all](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asylum-seekers.html)\n[asylum seekers, 7 March 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/3/58be80454/unhcr-deeply-concerned-hungary-plans-detain-asylum-seekers.html)\n29 European Commission, [Commission follows up on infringement proce-](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm)\n[dure against Hungary concerning its asylum, 17 May 2017.](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm)\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The number of refugees and migrants that crossed\nthe central Mediterranean from North Africa in the\nfirst half of 2017 rose 19% compared to the same\nperiod last year. However, lower numbers crossing\nthe sea from Libya in July meant that the number\nof arrivals in Italy in the first seven months of 2017\nremained at a similar level to the same period in\n2016. Persons arriving in Italy continue to report\nhaving overcome multiple hardships during their\njourneys including dangerous desert crossings, [30]\nand widespread human rights abuses in Libya. [31]\nMany women and girls, and some men and boys, are\nreported to have suffered sexual violence at some\npoint during their journey, including in detention\nin Libya, at police or army checkpoints during the\njourney, or at the hands of smugglers and traffickers\nwhile travelling to or in Libya. UNHCR continues to\nhear reports of abuses in detention and persons\nkidnapped or detained for ransom. In June, UNHCR\nand IOM released a joint statement after a video was\ncirculated showing around 260 Somali and Ethiopian\nnationals held captive in Libya and reporting horrific\nabuse by their captors to extract ransom payments. [32]\nUNHCR has stepped up its assistance in Libya\nduring a visit by High Commissioner, Filippo Grandi,\nthe newly-appointed Special Envoy to the Central\nMediterranean Situation, Vincent Cochetel, and\n\n\n30 UNHCR, News comment: UNHCR shocked at deaths in Sahara desert.\n31 UN Security Council, [Final report of the Panel of Experts on Libya](http://undocs.org/S/2017/466)\n[established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011), 1 June 2017; United Nations](http://undocs.org/S/2017/466)\n[Support Mission in Libya and OHCHR, Detained and Dehumanised, 13](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/DetainedAndDehumanised_en.pdf)\nDecember 2016.\n32 IOM, [Facebook video circulates showing 260 Somali and Ethiopian](https://www.iom.int/news/facebook-video-circulates-showing-260-somali-and-ethiopian-migrants-and-refugees-abused-held)\n[Migrants and Refugees Abused, Held against their Will by Gangs in Libya, 15](https://www.iom.int/news/facebook-video-circulates-showing-260-somali-and-ethiopian-migrants-and-refugees-abused-held)\nJune 2017.\n\n\n\nthe Regional Director for the Middle East and North\nAfrica, Amin Awad, to the country in May. [33]\n\nResearch by the University of Warwick [34] and the\nMEDMIG project [35] suggests that many of those who\nultimately end up crossing the central Mediterranean\nto Italy may not intend to do so when they leave their\ncountries of origin. In the two studies, some set off\nwith no clear destination in mind or an alternative\ndestination but conditions in countries along the way\nencouraged them to keep moving onwards. Others\nhad initially fled to a country in the region seeking\ninternational protection but ultimately decided to\nmove on because of lack of effective protection and\nassistance, while some of those who have crossed to\nEurope still had no intention to cross the sea even up\nto the time of departure but were forced into boats,\neither against their will or without knowing what\nwas happening, sometimes after asking employers\nfor their money. Similarly, only 46% of the 720\nunaccompanied and separated children interviewed\nby UNICEF and REACH in Italy between December\n2016 and May 2017 left home with the intention of\ncrossing to Europe. [36]\n\n\n33 UNHCR, [As Libya crisis deepens, UNHCR chief steps up assistance, 22](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2017/5/5922a4df4/libya-crisis-deepens-unhcr-chief-steps-assistance.html)\nMay 2017.\n34 V. Squire, A. Dimitriadi, N. Perkowski, M.Pisani, D. Stevens, N.\nVaughan-Williams, [Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat: Mapping and](http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/irs/crossingthemed/ctm_final_report_4may2017.pdf)\n[Documenting Migratory Journeys and Experiences, Final Project Report, 4](http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/irs/crossingthemed/ctm_final_report_4may2017.pdf)\nMay 2017.\n35 McMahon, S. and Sigona, N. [Boat migration across the Central Mediter-](http://www.medmig.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/research-brief-03-Boat-migration-across-the-Central-Mediterranean.pdf)\n[ranean: drivers, experiences and responses, MEDMIG Research Brief No.3, 3](http://www.medmig.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/research-brief-03-Boat-migration-across-the-Central-Mediterranean.pdf)\nSeptember 2016.\n36 UNICEF and REACH, [Children on the move in Italy and Greece, July](https://www.unicef.it/Allegati/REACH_Report_Children_on_the_Move_in_Italy_and_Greece_June_2017.pdf)\n2017.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\n\n\n\n25,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n \n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n2013 2014 2015 2016 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand migrants at sea. In May and June, the Libyan\nCoast Guard conducted several interceptions in\ninternational waters, including two incidents in which\nthe coast guard intervened once a rescue by an NGO\nhad already been initiated. Video footage from one\nincident on 10 May appears to show a coast guard\nvessel performing a dangerous manoeuvre across\nthe path of an NGO rescue vessel [42] as well as the\ncaptain of the Libyan vessel pointing a firearm at\nthe persons on the boat being rescued. [43] In another\nincident on 23 May, Libyan Coast Guard personnel\nallegedly fired shots into the air during the course\nof a rescue and took personal items from persons\non an inflatable boat, prompting many of those on\nboard the boat to jump in the water in panic where\nthey were later rescued by an NGO vessel. [44]\n\nBetween January and June, most arrivals by sea\nin Italy were from Nigeria (17%), Bangladesh (10%),\nGuinea (9%), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (9%), and The Gambia\n(6%). Whilst the number of Nigerians, Guineans and\nIvoirians continue to increase in accordance with\ntypical seasonal trends, the number of Bangladeshi\narrivals dropped in June to less than half the number\nof arrivals in May. This follows a move by Mitiga\nairport in Tripoli to ban entries by several nationalities\nincluding citizens of Bangladesh. [45] Although still\nrelatively small compared with the number of arrivals\nby other nationalities, Syrian arrivals to Italy by sea\nhave increased significantly to 1,601 in the first six\nmonths of 2017 compared to 195 in the same period\nin 2016. Some Syrian arrivals reported residing\nin Libya for a long time and departing to Italy on\naccount of the deteriorating security situation in\nLibya. Others reported leaving from the Middle East\n(Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and Jordan) to Sudan before\ntravelling onward to Libya and then Italy.\n\nEurostat data shows that in the first quarter of\n2017, the average rate of protection by nationality,\nincluding humanitarian status, granted to the 10 most\ncommon nationalities that arrived in Italy in the first\nsix months of 2017 [46] was 34% in the EU+ region, with\na recognition rate for refugee status or subsidiary\n\n\n42 Sea Watch, [Libyan navy is risking lives of Sea-Watch crew and refugees](https://sea-watch.org/en/libyan-navy-is-putting-sea-watch-crew-and-refugees-into-danger-during-an-illegal-return-operation/)\n[during illegal return operation, 10 May 2017.](https://sea-watch.org/en/libyan-navy-is-putting-sea-watch-crew-and-refugees-into-danger-during-an-illegal-return-operation/)\n[43 Spiegel TV, Sea Watch gegen libysche K\u00fcstenwache, May 2017.](http://www.spiegel.tv/videos/207832-sea-watch-gegen-libysche-kuestenwache)\n44 MSF, [MSF accuses Libyan coastguard of endangering people\u2019s lives](http://www.msf.org/en/article/msf-accuses-libyan-coastguard-endangering-people%E2%80%99s-lives-during-mediterranean-rescue)\n[during Mediterranean rescue, 24 May 2017.](http://www.msf.org/en/article/msf-accuses-libyan-coastguard-endangering-people%E2%80%99s-lives-during-mediterranean-rescue)\n[45 Libyan Express, Mitiga airport authorities ban entries of fve countries\u2019](http://www.libyanexpress.com/mitiga-airport-authorities-ban-entries-of-five-countries-to-tripoli/)\n[nationals to Tripoli, 8 May 2017.](http://www.libyanexpress.com/mitiga-airport-authorities-ban-entries-of-five-countries-to-tripoli/)\n46 Nationals of Nigeria, Bangladesh, Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, The Gambia,\nSenegal, Mali, Eritrea, Morocco, and Sudan.\n\n\n\nRead more about sea\narrivals to Italy:\n\n\n\nOff the coast of Libya, the departure point for\napproximately 96% of those arriving in Italy, the\ntragedy continues to unfold with NGOs, and\nsometimes merchant vessels, filling gaps in search\nand rescue capacity. Since the start of the year,\nas of the end of May, [37] NGOs contributed 37% of\nthe rescues in 2017 compared to 6% in the same\nperiod in 2016. Merchant vessels contributed 15%\nof rescues in the first five months of 2017 (including\n28% of rescues in April) compared to 14% in the\nsame period in 2016. [38] While merchant vessels play\na valuable role in helping save lives in the absence\nof other vessels, reliance on the intervention of such\nvessels is not a substitute for the presence of trained\nsearch and rescue actors. In the past months, several\nincidents have highlighted the need for increased\nresources dedicated to search and rescue in the\ncentral Mediterranean.\n\nThe high number of deaths at sea continues with\nan estimated 686 people dying in the central\nMediterranean in May and another 300 in June,\ncontributing to an estimated total of 2,171 in the\ncentral Mediterranean in the first six months of\n2017. [39] As of the end of June, there have been 16\nincidents in which 50 or more people are thought to\nhave lost their lives at sea this year [40] but there have\nbeen no mass drownings of over 200 persons so\nfar this year, including due to the quick response of\nrescuers. [41] As a result, compared to the same period\nin 2016, the number of deaths has dropped by 12%.\nThe rate of deaths in the central Mediterranean for\nthe first six months of 2017 was one for every 39 who\nreached Italy compared to one for every 28 in the\nsame period in 2016.\n\nIn the first six months of the year, the Libyan Coast\nGuard has rescued or intercepted 8,165 refugees\n\n\n37 Italian Coast Guard, [Attivit\u00e0 S.A.R. (Search and Rescue) nel Mediterra-](http://www.guardiacostiera.gov.it/attivita/Documents/attivita-sar-immigrazione-2017/Maggio%20ita.pdf)\n[neo Centrale \u2013 Maggio 2017, July 2017.](http://www.guardiacostiera.gov.it/attivita/Documents/attivita-sar-immigrazione-2017/Maggio%20ita.pdf)\n38 Data for rescues in June was not yet available at the time of publication.\n39 UNHCR, [Europe: Dead and missing at sea, July 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58419)\n40 UNHCR, [World Refugee Day \u2013 Reports of three new shipwrecks in the](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/6/5948dfb64/world-refugee-day-reports-three-new-shipwrecks-mediterranean-sea.html)\n[Mediterranean Sea, 20 June, 20 June 2017; UNHCR, News comment on lat-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/6/5948dfb64/world-refugee-day-reports-three-new-shipwrecks-mediterranean-sea.html)\n[est shipwrecks on Mediterranean Sea, 11 June 2017; UNHCR, Twenty feared](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/6/593d55bb4/news-comment-latest-shipwrecks-mediterranean-sea.html)\n[dead in latest Mediterranean tragedy, 16 May 2017; UNHCR,](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/5/591ab64c4/twenty-feared-dead-latest-mediterranean-tragedy.html) [Update on two](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/5/591178294/update-shipwrecks-central-mediterranean.html)\n[shipwrecks in the Central Mediterranean, 9 May 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2017/5/591178294/update-shipwrecks-central-mediterranean.html)\n41 According to UNHCR fgures, between January and June 2016, 1,885\npeople are thought to have drowned in five incidents in which the number of\npersons who died was over 100. Of those incidents, all involved casualties of\nover 200 persons and two involved 500 or more deaths. In the same period\nin 2017, 1,080 people are thought to have died in eight incidents in which\n100 or more people died. Of these, the largest number of deaths was in an\nincident in January when 176 people are thought to have died.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nPROPORTION OF RESCUES IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN - JAN 2016 to MAY 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nState authorities* Merchant vessels NGOs _Source: Italian Coast Guard_\n\n\n - Includes Italian Coast Guard and Navy, vessels deployed as part of Frontex's Operation Triton and EUNAVFOR Med's Operation Sophia, as well as other military vessels\n\n\n\nprotection of approximately 22%. In Italy, of the\n37,213 asylum decisions issued by the Territorial\nCommissions since the start of the year, 42%\nwere granted some form of protection, including\nhumanitarian status, with 9% granted refugee status\nand 9% granted subsidiary protection.\n\nMost arrivals in Italy in the first half of 2017 were men\nbut the trend of high numbers of unaccompanied\nchildren amongst arrivals continued, with 11,406\nUASC arrivals in this period or 14% of all arrivals. As\nof the end of June, most UASC were from Guinea,\nBangladesh, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, The Gambia and Nigeria\nand most were boys between the age of 16 and 17. [47]\nAssessments conducted earlier this year with UASC\nfrom Guinea, The Gambia and Nigeria who had\ncrossed the sea to Italy showed that only between\n48% (of the Guineans) and 58% (of the Gambians) of\nthe groups interviewed had initially intended to come\nto Europe when they left their country of origin. They\nhad travelled for between 12 and 14 months since\nleaving home until they reached Europe. Reasons for\nleaving home primarily varied between persecution,\nthe desire for better economic opportunities, and\nproblems or violence at home. Most reported\nspending more than a month in Libya with 66% of the\nGuinean and Nigerian children interviewed reporting\nbeing kidnapped and imprisoned. [48]\n\nAlthough only 11% of arrivals were women, the\nproportion amongst Nigerians was far higher (30%).\nThe proportion of women amongst Ethiopians and\n\n\n47 UNHCR, [Italy: Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC) Dash-](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58490)\n[board \u2013 June 2017, July 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58490)\n48 UNICEF and REACH, [Unaccompanied and Separated Children from](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57946)\n[The Gambia in Italy, May 2017; UNICEF and REACH, Unaccompanied and](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57946)\n[Separated Children from Guinea Conakry in Italy, May 2017; and UNICEF and](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57947)\n[REACH, Unaccompanied and Separated Children from Nigeria, May 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57945)\n\n\n\nSomalis (both 22%) was also higher than amongst\nothers. Concerns about the trafficking of women\nto Europe via the Central Mediterranean route,\nparticularly of Nigerians, continue. [49] While many\nNigerian women have been recruited directly from\nNigeria, others arriving in Italy are still vulnerable to\nrecruitment by trafficking networks. [50]\n\nAs of the end of June, over 200,000 refugees and\nmigrants are estimated to be in reception centres\nacross Italy. While over 72,700 people have applied\nfor asylum in Italy since the start of the year, others\nstill continue to try to depart irregularly. Since the\nstart of the year, eight refugees and migrants were\nreported to have died while trying to cross from Italy\ninto neighbouring countries irregularly. Six of the\neight deaths occurred in the vicinity of Ventimiglia\nat the border with France, contributing to a total of at\nleast 12 deaths at this border in the past year.\n\nSome UASC have been sleeping rough near the river\nin Ventimiglia. [51] In an assessment earlier this year\nby REACH and UNICEF with UASC in Ventimiglia,\nchildren described sleeping on the street and\nrepeated attempts to cross the border by hiding\non trains or taking the dangerous route through\nthe mountains [52] where a Sudanese man was killed\nearlier this year. [53]\n\n\n49 IOM, [UN Migration Agency Issues Report on Arrivals of Sexually](https://www.iom.int/news/un-migration-agency-issues-report-arrivals-sexually-exploited-migrants-chiefly-nigeria)\n[Exploited Migrants, Chiefy from Nigeria, 21 July 2017.](https://www.iom.int/news/un-migration-agency-issues-report-arrivals-sexually-exploited-migrants-chiefly-nigeria)\n[50 PRI, Nigerian women are being trafcked into Sicily at a rapidly increas-](https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-05-18/nigerian-women-are-being-trafficked-sicily-rapidly-increasing-rate)\n[ing rate, 18 May 2017.](https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-05-18/nigerian-women-are-being-trafficked-sicily-rapidly-increasing-rate)\n51 UNHCR, [Europe: Monthly Report, June 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57706)\n[52 UNICEF and REACH, Situation Overview: Unaccompanied and Separat-](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57943)\n[ed Children in Transit in Ventimiglia, February 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57943)\n[53 Il Secolo XIX, Un altro migrante morto per passare in Francia: trovato il](http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/imperia/2017/03/21/ASq2COhG-scarpata_francia_migrante.shtml)\n[corpo nella scarpata, 21 March 2017.](http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/imperia/2017/03/21/ASq2COhG-scarpata_francia_migrante.shtml)\n\n\n\nSEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY: MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN - JAN 2016 to JUN 2017\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum decisions", - "confidence": 0.8189975619316101, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.8203162550926208, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7246035933494568, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Assessments", - "confidence": 0.9284394383430481, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report on Arrivals of Sexually", - "confidence": 0.5478829145431519, - "start": 698, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5379048585891724, - "start": 698, - "end": 699 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9050993323326111, - "start": 716, - "end": 717 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n## WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Canary Island arrivals
**133**|Ceuta arrivals
**1,294**|Ceuta arrivals
**1,294**|\n\n\nSea arrivals to Spain have increased 196% compared to the same period last year.\n\n\nThe sea crossing remains highly risky and 52 people are known to have died crossing the sea to Spain by the end\nof June.\n\n\nSyrians, often families, continue to arrive in Spain using diverse routes including through countries such as Sudan,\nMauritania, Mali, Algeria, and Morocco.\n\n\n\nThe number of refugees and migrants crossing from\nNorth Africa to Spain has increased by 93% this\nyear in comparison with the same period last year.\nBy the end of June, a total of 9,507 refugees and\nmigrants had crossed into Spain irregularly this year\nwith 6,228 crossing the sea to the Spanish mainland\nin small boats compared to 2,105 between January\nand June last year, an increase of 196%. In Ceuta\nand Melilla, irregular arrivals have also increased by\n28% to 3,166. A further 133 people have crossed to\nthe Canary Islands.\n\nIn the first six months of 2017, the five most common\nnationalities arriving in Spain were Guineans,\nIvoirians, Gambians, Moroccans, and Syrians. [54] As\nof the end of June, men comprised 81% of arrivals\nwith women making up 9% and children 10%. The\nlargest number of women arrivals were from C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire (237, constituting 15% of Ivoirian arrivals)\nand Syria (211, constituting 26% of Syrian arrivals).\nMost Ivoirian women crossed the sea to the Spanish\nmainland while most Syrian women crossed through\nthe border crossing point to Melilla. Most children\narriving in Spain were Syrian (368, comprising 46%\nof Syrian arrivals), an illustration of how most Syrian\narrivals continued to be family groups.\n\nTo get to Spain, Syrians have used a diverse range\n\n\n54 Based on the nationality breakdown provided by Spanish authorities.\nAs of the end of June, data for 2017 included 823 persons from Sub-Saharan\nAfrica whose nationalities had not yet been determined\n\n\n\nof routes. While some have been resident for some\ntime in Algeria, others have reported travelling from\nLebanon, Turkey, Jordan and Egypt and using a\nvariety of routes including through countries such as\nSudan, Mauritania, Mali, Algeria and finally Morocco\nin order to avoid a dangerous sea journey to Italy.\nMany have told UNHCR that they have travelled\nthis way to reunify with family members already in\nEurope because of the lack of accessibility of formal\nfamily reunification mechanisms.\n\nIn April, a group of 41 Syrians, including two\npregnant women in need of medical care, as well as\ninfants and children, became stranded at the border\nbetween Morocco and Algeria near Figuig. [55] The\nsituation was resolved after seven weeks when the\n28 remaining members of the group were granted\nentry to Morocco. [56]\n\nTo cross the sea to Spain, most use inflatable boats\nusually holding between 35 and 40 persons. The\njourney is risky and already this year 52 people are\nbelieved to have died or gone missing at sea as\nof the end of June. In the first six months of 2017,\nmost deaths occurred in the Straits of Gibraltar\nbut several deaths have also occurred during the\nlonger sea journey in the Alboran Sea. In mid-June,\n\n\n55 UNHCR, [UNHCR statement on Syrians stranded between Algeria &](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/592d51e94/unhcr-statement-syrians-stranded-algeria-morocco.html)\n[Morocco, 30 May 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/5/592d51e94/unhcr-statement-syrians-stranded-algeria-morocco.html)\n56 UNHCR, [UNHCR welcomes admission of Syrians by Morocco, 22 June](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/6/594b8b2d4/unhcr-welcomes-admission-syrians-morocco.html)\n2017.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nTOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF ARRIVALS TO SPAIN - JAN TO JUN 2017\n\n\n600\n\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGuinea 211 521 263 191 248 320\n\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire 360 183 223 262 253 383\n\nThe Gambia 202 121 153 115 178 272\n\nMorocco 113 40 125 195 157 513\n\nSyrian Arab Republic 127 118 138 154 144 124\n\n\n\na merchant vessel spotted a boat drifting with the\nbodies of five people in the Alboran Sea. [57] On 1 July,\na further 49 people are thought to have drowned in\nthe worst tragedy of the past decade along routes\nto Spain when their inflatable boat capsized around\nmidnight. Only three survivors were later rescued\nclinging to the boat. [58]\n\nAt the land borders, some can pass undetected\nthrough border crossing points while others take\ntheir chances trying to climb the fences. While\nseveral hundred people were able to cross the\nfences into Ceuta in February, since then fewer than\n70 have entered this way each month. In Melilla,\nnumbers entering the enclave are higher with\nover 400, including 144 Syrians, arriving in May but\n\n\n57 US News, [Spain: 5 Migrants Found Dead in Drifting Boat, 92 More](https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-06-17/spain-5-migrants-found-dead-in-drifting-boat-92-more-saved)\n[Saved, 17 June 2017.](https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-06-17/spain-5-migrants-found-dead-in-drifting-boat-92-more-saved)\n58 UNHCR, [UNHCR dismayed by the worst tragedy of the last decade in](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/notas-de-prensa/2873-unhcr-dismayed-by-the-worst-tragedy-of-the-last-decade-in-the-western-mediterranean-)\n[the Western Mediterranean, 5 July 2017.](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/notas-de-prensa/2873-unhcr-dismayed-by-the-worst-tragedy-of-the-last-decade-in-the-western-mediterranean-)\n\n\nSEA AND LAND ARRIVALS TO SPAIN 2015 - 2017\n\n\n2,500\n\n\n2,000\n\n\n1,500\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n500\n\n\n\ndropping down to 253 in June. UNHCR continued to\nreceive reports of push-backs from both enclaves in\nthe first six months of 2017.\n\nSmugglers have also resorted to using other risky\nmethods to cross the land border. In May, a group\nof 27 men from different Sub-Saharan African\ncountries were detected at the Melilla border\npost in a false compartment in the back of a truck\nwhere they risked suffocation. [59] In mid-June, a car\ncarrying nine persons rammed through the border\ncheckpoint into Melilla, injuring a police officer. [60]\n\n\n59 Europa Press, [Descubren 27 inmigrantes en el doble fondo de un](http://www.europapress.es/ceuta-y-melilla/noticia-descubren-27-inmigrantes-doble-fondo-camion-frontera-melilla-rescatan-polizon-tubo-20170518172753.html)\n[cami\u00f3n en la frontera de Melilla y rescatan a un poliz\u00f3n de un tubo, 18 May](http://www.europapress.es/ceuta-y-melilla/noticia-descubren-27-inmigrantes-doble-fondo-camion-frontera-melilla-rescatan-polizon-tubo-20170518172753.html)\n2017.\n60 EFE, [Car with 9 migrants speeds through border into Melilla, injures 2](https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/car-with-9-migrants-speeds-through-border-into-melilla-injures-2-officers/50000262-3299046)\n[ofcers, 16 June 2017.](https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/car-with-9-migrants-speeds-through-border-into-melilla-injures-2-officers/50000262-3299046)\n\n\n\n \n\nLand 2015 1,276 602 793 1,142 866 932 863 862 1,032 1,079 945 588\n\nLand 2016 483 275 253 446 339 334 317 599 656 851 531 848\n\nLand 2017 331 1,201 355 298 473 325\n\nSea 2015 264 44 280 243 512 414 380 417 621 1,059 557 492\n\nSea 2016 492 222 351 451 575 715 458 934 1,248 1,110 854 752\n\nSea 2017 1,049 535 842 900 835 2,363\n\n\nArrival figures for Spain are provided by Spanish Ministry of Interior and Spanish Police. Figures are subject to future adjustment and should not be considered final.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### SAFE AND LEGAL PATHWAYS\n\nWhile there has been much effort expended on trying to\nreduce and prevent irregular entries into Europe, insufficient\nsteps have been taken to improve protection conditions and\naccess to solutions where people are as well as to increase\naccess to safe and legal pathways.\n\nMore needs to be done to create increased access to safe and\nlegal pathways for people in need of international protection\nto enter Europe in order to offer a viable alternative to the\ndangerous journeys many undertake. Increasing access\nto safe and legal pathways could not only help to reduce\nthe instances of refugees being confronted with multiple\ndangers, but it can also promote border integrity, enable\nStates to conduct any required background checks, and\nreduce people\u2019s reliance on the use of smugglers.\n\nOver the past year, some progress has been made in expanding\nopportunities for legal pathways with 18,175 persons resettled\nto Europe in 2016, a 63% increase compared to 2015. [61] The\nfive European countries resettling the most refugees in\n2016 were the United Kingdom (5,180 or 29% of all refugees\nresettled to Europe), Norway (3,290 or 18%), Sweden (1,890\nor 10%), France (1,420 or 8%) and Germany (1,240 or 7%).\nHowever, a far more substantial increase is necessary to\npresent real alternatives. For example, 405 Eritrean refugees\nwere resettled in Europe in 2016 but over 20,000 Eritreans\ncrossed the sea from North Africa to Italy that year. [62] UNHCR\nestimates that a significant number of refugees along routes\nused by refugees and migrants to travel to Libya are in need\nof resettlement, including around 263,000 refugees in the\nEast and Horn of Africa, 19,300 refugees in West Africa, and\n18,000 refugees in North Africa. [63]\n\nThe desire to join family already granted protection in Europe,\nalong with the length of family reunification procedures, is\none reason why some travel irregularly to Europe. UNHCR,\nthe Council of Europe Human Rights Commissioner, [64] and\nmany others have noted the multiple obstacles that prevent\nrefugees from being able to utilize the channels intended\nfor this, including preventing or delaying beneficiaries\nof subsidiary protection\u2019s access to family reunification,\nthe application of limited definitions of family by some\nStates, and difficulties accessing embassies abroad. As a\npositive step, Germany has increased staff at several of its\nembassies in the Middle East to process family reunification\napplications, though applicants reportedly still face delays\nof many months for an appointment. IOM has also opened\nfour service centres (in Beirut, Istanbul, Gaziantep and Erbil)\nto assist Syrian families applying for German family reunion\nvisas. [65] In Belgium, UNHCR has initiated an information\ncampaign for beneficiaries of international protection on\nfamily reunification [66] while in the United Kingdom and Ireland,\nUNHCR has provided financial support with the travel costs\nof refugees arriving via family reunification via the national\nRed Cross societies.\n\nThere are already a number of innovative programmes that\nhave been developed by European countries in addition to\nthese projects, [67] which demonstrates what is possible within\n\n\n61 UNHCR, [Europe Resettlement 2016, 9 June 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/57367)\n62 According to Eurostat, 92% of Eritreans who applied for asylum in the EU+ region in 2016\nwere granted refugee status or subsidiary protection.\n63 UNHCR, [The Central Mediterranean Route: Working on the Alternatives to Dangerous](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Route%20SB%20Jan-Dec%202017%20-%2017JUL17.pdf)\n[Journeys 2017, July 2017.](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Route%20SB%20Jan-Dec%202017%20-%2017JUL17.pdf)\n64 Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, [European countries must lift obstacles](http://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/european-countries-must-lift-obstacles-to-reunification-of-refugee-families)\n[to reunifcation of refugee families, 19 June 2017.](http://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/european-countries-must-lift-obstacles-to-reunification-of-refugee-families)\n[65 IOM, IOM\u2019s Family Assistance Programme, 2016; IOM,](http://germany.iom.int/sites/default/files/FAP/FAP_infosheet_ENGLISH_2016.pdf) [Family Assistance Programme Centre](https://www.iom.int/news/family-assistance-programme-centre-opens-erbil-facilitate-family-reunification-germany)\n[Opens in Erbil to Facilitate Family Reunifcation in Germany, 3 March 2017.](https://www.iom.int/news/family-assistance-programme-centre-opens-erbil-facilitate-family-reunification-germany)\n[66 UNHCR, Family reunifcation, July 2017](http://www.unhcr.be/fr/medias/communiques-de-presse/artikel/afc40d3d925ea3b441cfff96d5bdf313/-9cb90c22b8.html)\n[67 For example, please refer to Resettlement and Other Admission Pathways for Syrian](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/573dc82d4/resettlement-other-admission-pathways-syrian-refugees.html)\n[Refugees, May 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/573dc82d4/resettlement-other-admission-pathways-syrian-refugees.html)\n\n\n\nDESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nthe limits of individual countries legal systems. This includes\nhumanitarian admission programmes, humanitarian visas,\nprivate sponsorship programmes and academic scholarships.\nWhat European States must strive to do is to make such\nprogrammes a more permanent feature of the way in which\nthey provide protection, rather than _ad hoc_ measures in\nresponse to emergency situations.\n\n\nSyrian refugee and former TV chef Mohammad El Khaldy, 36, is reunited with his mother for the first\ntime in four years. Chef Mohammad El Khaldy from Syria lives as a refugee in France and had not seen\nhis mother for more than four years. She has been living in Lebanon, having also fled the war back\nhome. After the nightmare 12-day journey that brought them to Europe on an overcrowded boat from\nEgypt to Italy, Mohammad\u2019s new life in France is better than he could ever have dreamed.\n\n\nOf those already in Europe, in the first six months of 2017,\n10,424 people were relocated from Greece to other EU\nMember States via transfers under the Dublin Regulation and\nthe Emergency Relocation Mechanism, an average of over\n1,700 a month. While as of the end of June only 15,832 asylum\nseekers (24% of the initial target of 66,400 envisaged by the\nend of September 2017) had been relocated from Greece\nunder the Emergency Relocation Mechanism, progress has\nbeen made with over 8,558 people transferred from Greece\nin the first six months of 2017 compared to 7,192 in the whole\nof 2016. [68] In June 2017, there was a record monthly high with\nover 3,000 transfers under the relocation scheme.\n\nIn addition, between January and June this year, Greece\nsubmitted 7,267 requests to other EU Member States to take\nresponsibility for examining an asylum claim in accordance\nwith the Dublin Regulation. Of these, the majority concerned\npersons with family members already granted protection\nin another EU Member State (2,948), or seeking asylum in\nanother EU Member State (2,307), 625 concerned children,\nand 1,076 were submitted on the basis of the \u2018humanitarian\nclause\u2019. [69] However, in the first six months of 2017, only 1,866\ntransfers to another EU Member State took place under the\nDublin Regulation. [70]\n\nAs of the end of June, only 6,792 asylum-seekers have\nbeen relocated from Italy, just 17% of the initial target set for\ncompletion by the end of September 2017, with many of those\narriving by sea in Italy not eligible for the relocation scheme.\n\n\n[68 Greek Asylum Service, Statistical Data of the Greek Asylum Service \u2013 Relocation Proce-](http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Relocation-procedures-up-to-9-07-17_en-.pdf)\n[dures, July 2017.](http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Relocation-procedures-up-to-9-07-17_en-.pdf)\n69 Discretionary clauses allow Member States to assume responsibility for an application\neven though they are not strictly obliged to do so under the Dublin Regulation, for example, on\nhumanitarian grounds.\n[70 Greek Asylum Service, Statistical Data of the Greek Dublin Unit (7.6.2013-30.06.2017), July](http://asylo.gov.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Greek-Dublin-Unit_en.pdf)\n2017.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\nSyrian refugee, Ahmad Mansour, 36, and his wife Sara have found a safe haven in an Austrian village raising not only their own sons, Feras, Nabil and Sohaib, but also two nephews, Abdallah and Mostafa.\nAbdallah and Mostafa\u2019s parents were tragically killed in a bomb attack in Syria. Ahmad and Sara took the boys in and treated them as their own children, but they had no official adoption papers that gave\nthem guardianship. Under Austrian law, only \u2018nuclear\u2019 families (meaning spouses and their children) are eligible for reunification. UNHCR, the Refugee Agency, mediated to find a solution and the nephews\nwere brought to Austria under a resettlement programme. Read the [full story.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2017/4/58e253754/refugees-austria-yearn-loved-ones-behind.html)\n\n##### CONCLUSION\n\nIn the first half of 2017, over 105,000 refugees and migrants entered Europe via the three Mediterranean routes and\nover 2,290 are thought to have died along land and sea routes while undertaking the dangerous journeys usually\nnecessary to cross borders. For those crossing to Europe via the central Mediterranean, greater regional support\nfor Italy is required, as well as increased efforts to address the root causes of movement via Libya, provide support\nfor countries receiving and hosting refugees and transit countries, renew efforts to find solutions and protection for\nrefugees before they reach Libya, and take steps to address smuggling and trafficking. [71] In July, UNHCR launched\nan appeal to help provide meaningful alternatives to refugees and others undertaking dangerous journeys to\nEurope. [72] These include scaling-up existing activities or implementing new ones to provide effective ways and\nmeans to protect refugees and asylum-seekers along the various routes leading to Libya.\n\nWhile European leaders discuss responses to the current situation, more concerted efforts are needed as part of\na regional response. With so many lives at stake, UNHCR stresses the vital importance of rescue at sea operations\nundertaken by all actors involved. Further work is needed to remove obstacles to existing legal pathways, including\nfamily reunification. Greater numbers of legal pathways would offer a feasible alternative to irregular journeys for\na larger number of people, something that currently makes more people reliant on smugglers and undermines\nanti-smuggling initiatives. While some progress has been reported with some States taking steps to investigate\nallegations of human rights abuses at borders, further measures are required to address the continued reports of\nsuch practices in some countries in the region.\n\nFor those already in Europe, more needs to be done to strengthen access to asylum procedures and effective\nprotection where people are to prevent dangerous onward journeys. In addition, further steps are needed to\nstrengthen identification and assistance for unaccompanied and separated children including improving\nregistration, age assessments and guardianship systems, access to legal representation, as well as broader care\narrangements. [73] Within the European Union it is also necessary to speed up and extend the emergency relocation\nscheme as well as ensure timely family reunion and implementation of the humanitarian and discretionary clauses\nwithin the Dublin regulation.\n\n\n71 UNHCR, [High Commissioner Grandi urges more solidarity with Italy, 1 July 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/7/5957c2304/high-commissioner-grandi-urges-solidarity-italy.html)\n72 UNHCR, [UNHCR seeks support for alternatives to dangerous refugee journeys, 18 July 2017.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/7/596db7284/unhcr-seeks-support-alternatives-dangerous-refugee-journeys.html)\n[73 UNHCR, UNICEF and IRC, The Way Forward to Strengthened Policies and Practices for Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Europe, July 2017.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58434#_ga=2.257171531.1307270767.1501506167-545518822.1500188955)\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2017 1 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/12f358f1-865f-3c71-b923-7aab9d0577a1/58838.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_113/raw/doc_113_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_113/raw/doc_113_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c3e75694e91bb2d7ef1f0698db56b3e758b6ca9b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_113/raw/doc_113_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,556 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# AFRICA Fact Sheet \u2013 June 2002\n\n**UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES**\n\n#### **INTRODUCTION**\n\n_On 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002, there were 4.2 million people of concern to UNHCR in Africa out_\n_of about 20 million world-wide. The Africa figure included 3.3 million refugees,_\n_500,000 internally displaced or recently returned displaced people and 267,000_\n_former refugees who recently returned home. In comparison, in January 2001, the_\n_global number of people of concern to UNHCR was 22 million, of whom 5.3 million_\n_were in Africa. Of these, some 3.6 million were refugees._\n\n_During 2001, more than 210,000 new refugees sought asylum in various countries in_\n_Africa. During the same period, 266,788 refugees returned home, mainly to Sierra_\n_Leone, Somalia, Eritrea, Rwanda and Ethiopia. This return figure represents 57.6_\n_percent of world-wide refugee returns in 2001._\n\n**Among the 10 largest UNHCR-assisted return movements in the world, 6 were to**\n**African countries**\n_(Statistics as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002)_\n\nThese were:\n\nSierra Leone 92,300 Afghanistan 26,000\nFYR Macedonia 90,000 Yugoslavia 22,100\nSomalia 50,200 Rwanda 21,500\nEritrea 32,700 East Timor 18,200\nBurundi 27,600 Angola 13,000\n\n\n**Ten largest refugee groups in Africa** ( _Statistics as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002_ )\n\nBurundi 553,900\nSudan 489,300\nAngola 470,500 Eritrea 333,100\nSomalia 440,200 Liberia 244,600\nDR Congo 391,800 Sierra Leone 179,000\n\nRwanda 105,700\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6997888684272766, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "African countries", - "confidence": 0.6195316910743713, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.6782885789871216, - "start": 225, - "end": 226 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8635479211807251, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ethiopia 58,900\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **I. West and Central Africa**\n\nAt the beginning of 2002, there were 890,000 people of concern to UNHCR in 19\ncountries of West and Central Africa. Half of these were refugees, mainly from Liberia\n(226,747), Sierra Leone (165,769), Sudan (48,903) and Chad (39,289). Roughly a quarter\nwere returnees to Sierra Leone from neighbouring countries (162,319). Despite significant\nreturn movements to Sierra Leone, Guinea still had the largest refugee population in the\nregion (178,444).\n\n**Refugee Population in main refugee-hosting countries of West and Central Africa**\n( _Statistics as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002, by country of asylum, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\n\n\nGuinea 178,444\nIvory Coast 126,239\nLiberia 54,760\nCentral African Republic 49,239\nCameroon 41,186\n\n\n\nGuinea 178,444 Senegal 20,707\nIvory Coast 126,239 Gabon 15,581\nLiberia 54,760 Chad 12,950\nCentral African Republic 49,239 Togo 12,257\nCameroon 41,186 Ghana 11,792\n\n\nSIERRA LEONE emerged from 10-years of civil war this year, raising hopes for the return\nof hundreds of thousands of people uprooted by the conflict. The end of hostilities officially\nannounced last January paved the way for a disarming of the RUF rebel force. Much of the\narea previously controlled by RUF was now open to return. The victory of moderate\npolitical forces in parliamentary and presidential election last May appeared to further\nstabilise the situation in the war-ravaged country. Ahead of the May poll, UNHCR reached\nan agreement with the government authorities to allow late registration for returning refugees\nto enable them to vote.\n\n_**Refugees from Sierra Leone**_ :\nSierra Leonean refugees in West and Central Africa (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics as at April 2002, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nGuinea 83,130 Nigeria 2,041\nLiberia 37,724 Mali 1,436\nGambia 7,630 Guinea Bissau 318\nGhana 1,998 Senegal 219\n\n\n\nGuinea 83,130 Nigeria 2,041\nLiberia 37,724 Mali 1,436\nGambia 7,630 Guinea Bissau 318\nGhana 1,998 Senegal 219\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire 2,116 Other countries 38\n\nBy April of 2002 and estimated 162,000 refugees had gone back to Sierra :Leone, mainly\nfrom Guinea and Liberia. 90,000 of them went with UNHCR\u2019s help by boat, by road and\nby air. Those who walked back received aid upon arrival. The remaining 70,000, went back\nspontaneously.\n\nOpening of overland routes into Sierra Leone through Kambia (Guinea) enabled UNHCR\nto increase the pace of repatriation to 1,500 refugees per week. In February this year,\nUNHCR also began facilitating the return of Sierra Leonean refugees from Liberia, helping\nanother 10,000 Sierra Leonean refugees get home. By May 2002, some 51,000 returnees\nwere back in their areas of origin, whereas approximately 25,000 were still in transit. By the\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "end of the year, UNHCR will facilitate the return of 40,000 additional Sierra Leonean\nrefugees from Guinea and 15,000 from Liberia.\n\nLIBERIA: While peace took hold in Sierra Leone, neighbouring Liberia remained in turmoil,\njeopardising the stability of the entire region. Intensifying fighting between government forces\nand rebels in northern and eastern districts of Liberia uprooted 50,000 people within and\ndrove thousands more into neighbouring Sierra Leone, Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana.\nDuring the first quarter of 2002, over 14,000 **Liberian** **refugees** fled to eastern Sierra\nLeone. Another 4,800 entered Guinea, 3,500 fled to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and 1,800 turned up in\nGhana. UNHCR rushed to move those arriving in Sierra Leone and Guinea away from\nvolatile border areas.\n\n_**Refugees from Liberia**_ :\nLiberian refugees in West and Central Africa (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics as at April 2002, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire 126,391 Mali 381\nGuinea 87,025 Senegal 227\nSierra Leone 24,512 Gambia 130\nGhana 10,725 Guinea Bissau 28\nNigeria 1,505 Other countries 67\n\n\nUNHCR has opened a total of eight offices in Sierra Leone to assist with the re-integration\nof returnees and also to deal with the influx of new Liberian refugees. The six main offices\nare in Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, Zimmi and Koidu, in the east of Sierra Leone, and Kambia in\nthe west. UNHCR also has satellite offices in Lungi and Daru. In Sierra Leone, UNHCR\nmanages a refugee camp for Liberians, three transit centres near Freetown, four temporary\nsettlements and two host community projects.\n\nREGIONAL: As of mid-April 2002, there were an estimated 165,769 **Sierra Leonean**\n**refugees** and 226,747 **Liberian refugees** in various countries of West and Central Africa.\n\nBudgetary constraints and the termination of some programmes led to the closure of, eight\nUNHCR country offices in 2001. The closed offices were in Burkina Faso, Cameroon,\nChad, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Togo. Programmes in these\ncountries, with small caseloads of urban and camp-based refugees, are covered by the\nclosest geographical UNHCR office. This year, UNHCR plans to reopen the offices in\nCameroon and Gambia.\n\n### **II. Southern Africa**\n\nAt the beginning of 2002, there were 602,300 people of concern in 14 countries of southern\nAfrica ( _not_ including Tanzania or the DRC). Of these, some 371,000 were refugees, mainly\nfrom Angola (255,217) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (78,901). Another 200,000\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were internally displaced persons assisted by UNHCR in Angola. Zambia had the largest\nrefugee population in the region (281,766), mainly from Angola and the DRC.\n\n**Refugee Population in main refugee-hosting countries of Southern Africa**\n( _Statistics as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002, by country of asylum, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nZambia 281,766 Malawi 6,841\nNamibia 32,424 Mozambique 5,391\nSouth Africa 18,672 Botswana 4,239\nAngola 12,250 Swaziland 1,051\nZimbabwe 8,706\n\n\nANGOLA: The death last February of Angola\u2019s hard-line UNITA rebel leader Jonas\nSavimbi and the subsequent peace deal between the rebels and the government has raised\nhopes for an end to a civil war which had raged in Angola since it won independence from\nPortugal in 1975. Fighting between the ruling Popular Movement for the Liberation of\nAngola (MPLA) and the rebel UNITA - bitter rivals even before independence \u2013 had\ndevastated the country. Angola\u2019s people today are among the poorest in the world despite\nthe country\u2019s vast natural resources. The war has killed hundreds of thousands of people,\ndisplaced an estimated four million inside the country and sent some 450,000 into\nneighbouring countries. Large numbers have also been maimed by landmines, which litter\nvast areas of the country. Savimbi\u2019s death and the new peace effort have created prospects\nfor the return of 450,000 Angolan refugees scattered in neighbouring countries.\n\n_**Refugees from Angola**_ : _(see also section on Great Lakes)_\nAngolan refugees in southern Africa and the Great Lakes (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics as at January 2002, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nZambia 218,540\nDRC 186,975\nNamibia 30,599\nRoC 15,300\nSouth Africa 7,207*\n\n_*includes asylum seekers_\n\nBotswana 898\nZimbabwe 226\nSwaziland 140\nMozambique 56\nMalawi 1\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5462521910667419, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6113620400428772, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5065613389015198, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "southern Africa and the Great Lakes", - "confidence": 0.5017640590667725, - "start": 304, - "end": 310 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.6650168895721436, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Angolan refugees", - "confidence": 0.6151142120361328, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR will in 2002 gradually phase out its programme for 250,000 **internally displaced**\n**people** (IDPs) in Angola\u2019s Za\u00efre and Uige provinces. Funds remaining from 2001 will be\nused this year to focus on human rights training and refugee protection issues. Since\nUNHCR began its involvement with Angolan IDPs in June 2000, it has been able to\nimplement a number of projects. They include construction of health clinics and schools, the\nimprovement of access to clean water, as well as educational and agricultural projects.\nUNHCR will keep looking after some 12,250 Congolese (DRC) refugees in a refugee camp\noutside Luanda.,\n\n**Namibia** is still a major destination for Angolan refugees. The country\u2019s refugee population\njumped to 32,424 at the end of 2001, or a 17% increase over the previous year\u2019s 27,740\nfigure, and 86% increase over two years (17,353 at the end of 1999).\n\nThe staffing of UNHCR\u2019s office in Namibia was enhanced to efficiently respond to the\ncontinuing arrivals of Angolan refugees. UNHCR has obtained the right to sit on screening\ntribunals for illegal entrants and managed to have several hundred Angolans recognised as\nrefugees and thus saved from deportation.. The agency is concerned that many more\ngenuine asylum seekers may be summarily sent back to Angola as illegal immigrants.\n\nZAMBIA: Last March **Zambia**, hosted 237,238 Angolan refugees, up from around\n200,000 a year before. Struggling to cope with the region\u2019s largest Angolan refugee\npopulation, Zambia has urged the donor community to ensure that programmes designed to\nmeet refugees\u2019 humanitarian needs also take into account the needs of the host community.\nThe Zambian government has also taken steps towards the naturalisation and local\nsettlement of refugees, especially Angolans who have been in the country for several\ndecades.\n\n**Congolese (DRC)** are the other large refugee population hosted by Zambia. By the end of\nMarch 2002, there were 52,274 Congolese (DRC) refugees in Zambia. The average arrival\nrate into Zambia stood at 1,500 refugees per month throughout the year.\n\n**South Africa** received new asylum seekers from other African countries, as well as\ncountries as far afield as Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, India and Pakistan.. At the end of\n2001, official asylum statistics showed that South Africa had received 66,205 asylum\napplications since mid-1994. UNHCR is assisting the government in dealing with asylum\nprocedures, attending hearings and advising the authorities on individual cases. Out of the\n66,205 applications received, 18,672 have been accepted and 36,913 have been rejected.\nThe remaining cases are still pending.\n\nThe world\u2019s attention this year focused on **Zimbabwe**, which held its presidential elections\nlast March amid reports of intimidation of opposition groups. But the re-election of\nPresident Robert Mugabe, widely criticised by the West, did not cause any significant\ndisplacement across Zimbabwe\u2019s orders.\n\n**Malawi, Mozambique** **and Zimbabwe** received a steady trickle of new asylum seekers,\nmainly from the DRC, Rwanda and Burundi. As of December 2001, Zimbabwe had\nrecorded a sharp increase in refugee arrivals with 8,706 refugees, compared to 4,127 a year\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "before. Malawi\u2019s refugee population stood at 6,841, as compared to 3,900 at the end of\n2000. Mozambique\u2019s refugee population more than doubled to 5,391. Many of the\nregistered Rwandan refugees in Southern Africa have been on the move since the 1994\ngenocide and have circulated through DRC, Burundi and Tanzania before reaching the\nsouthern parts of the continent.\n\nOn the whole, Southern Africa\u2019s refugee population continued increasing over 2001. At the\nend of the year, it had reached 371,401, or a 15% increase over a year. The bulk of the\nregion\u2019s \u201cnew\u201d refugees came from Angola and the DRC, Rwanda and Somalia.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.7480301856994629, - "start": 41, - "end": 44 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.9480695128440857, - "start": 45, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1994", - "confidence": 0.7030943036079407, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.7403702139854431, - "start": 42, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **III. East and Horn of Africa**\n\n**Refugee Population in East and Horn of Africa**\n( _Statistics are as at 1st January 2002, by country of asylum, including refugees not assisted by_\n_UNHCR_ )\n\nSudan 349,209 Djibouti 23,176\nKenya 239,221 Eritrea 2,272\nUganda 199,736 Somalia 589\nEthiopia 152,554\n\n\nAt the beginning of 2002, the East and Horn of Africa region was host to nearly one million\nrefugees in seven countries of the region. These were refugees mainly from Sudan\n(397,885), Eritrea (324,546) and Somalia (233,190). The vast majority of them have lived\nin exile for more than a decade, some even longer. Sudan was hosting the largest number of\nrefugees in the region but was at the same time the country of origin for the largest number of\nrefugees in the region.\n\n_**Refugees from Sudan**_ :\nSudanese refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at 1st January 2002 and include countries outside the East and Horn of Africa_\n_region. Statistics also include refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nUganda 176,766 Kenya 69,804\nEthiopia 80,934 Central African Republic 36,345\nDem. Rep. of Congo 75,009 Chad 12,558\n\n\nThe 18-year-old civil war, which pits the mainly Arab north against the largely-black\nChristian south, continued unabated. Apart from an 11-year period of peace during the\n1970s and early 80s, the country has been torn by civil war since independence in 1956.\nThe northern government continues to fight southern rebel forces that demand a degree of\nautonomy from the north and the removal of Islamic _Sharia_ law. Large swathes of territory\nin the south remain under rebel control. Sizeable reserves of oil in the south and the\ncountry\u2019s entry into the oil market in 1999 introduced another spark in the already volatile\npolitical arena. Meanwhile, the long years of war have killed an estimated two million\npeople, displaced some four million others internally and sent over 400,000 others in search\nof asylum in neighbouring countries such as Uganda, Ethiopia and Kenya. (Sudanese\nrefugees have also sought refuge in countries such as Chad, Congo (DRC) and Central\nAfrican Republic.)\n\nLittle progress has been made in resolving the civil war. Attacks on villages in the south of\nthe country continued to provoke regular movements of refugees into neighbouring Uganda,\nEthiopia and Kenya. During 2001, some 35,752 Sudanese refugees sought asylum in these\ncountries, bringing the total number of Sudanese refugees in the region to 397,885. During\nthe same year, some 206 Sudanese refugees returned home. UNHCR has continued to\nseek alternative solutions to the protracted Sudanese refugee situation. Due to on-going civil\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Population in East and Horn of Africa", - "confidence": 0.6506576538085938, - "start": 16, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East and Horn of Africa", - "confidence": 0.9073346257209778, - "start": 7, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.8732942938804626, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.6201335191726685, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.767426073551178, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.914901077747345, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.6585136651992798, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.879243791103363, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "strife, the prospect of repatriation has remained slim while opportunities for local integration\nin many countries of asylum have proven to be remote.\n\n1n 1999, the US government agreed to resettle more than 3,400 unaccompanied Sudanese\nyouths, commonly known as the \u201cLost Boys\u201d, many of whom had been living in Kakuma\ncamp, Kenya since 1992. By the end of 2001, a large majority of the youth had left for\nUSA. The rest of them were expected to depart during the first quarter of 2002.\n\nThere is growing concern that some 200 unaccompanied girls who were part of the group of\nunaccompanied minors who had arrived in Kenya in mid-1992 have been forgotten in the\nsearch for durable solutions. Many are living with foster families in Kakuma camp.\n\n_**Refugees from Eritrea**_ :\nEritrean refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum )\n\n_(Statistics are as at 1st January 2002 and include refugees who are not assisted by UNHCR_ )\n\nSudan 324,546\n\n_* There are also small numbers of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia and Yemen._\n\nThe first Eritrean refugees fled to neighbouring Sudan in 1967 in the wake of Eritrea\u2019s war\nof independence from Ethiopia. The conflict lasted more than 20 years and displaced more\nthan 500,000 people. It ended in 1991 and Eritrea attained independence two years later.\nIn May 2000, a two-month border conflict between the two countries sent another wave of\nnearly 100,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan. This new conflict forced the suspension of a\nrefugee return programme that was started in 1995. The operation, which was resumed\nduring the second half of 2000, has transported home more than 100,000 Eritrean refugees.\nMore than 324,000 others remain in exile in Sudan.\n\nSignificant progress was made towards the resolution of the border conflict and resulting\ntension between Eritrea and Ethiopia. In this regard, the international boundary commission\nappointed to demarcate the border under dispute gave its ruling in mid-April 2002. Both\ncountries agreed to accept the commission\u2019s decision. This development is expected to\ninspire more confidence among the over 324,000 Eritrean refugees in neighbouring Sudan to\nreturn home. A major information campaign for return was carried out in May in the refugee\ncamps. UNHCR aims to assist the return of some 60,000 Eritrean refugees before the end\nof December 2002 and an equal number during 2003. By the end of April 2002, the return\noperation, which was launched in May 2001 in Sudan, had seen the repatriation of some\n44,399 Eritrean refugees. The majority of them returned to Eritrea\u2019s Gash Barka region,\nwhich is expected to receive the largest number of returnees. UNHCR is working with the\ngovernment of Eritrea and other development partners to ensure that communities in\nreturnees\u2019 areas of origin are able to re-integrate them effectively. In this regard, UNHCR\nhas signed a letter of understanding with UNICEF and UNDP for specific re-integration\nprojects.\n\nUNHCR announced on May 8 that it is ending refugee status for all Eritreans who fled their\ncountry as a result of the war of independence or the recent border conflict between\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8534939289093018, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6544004082679749, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1st January 2002", - "confidence": 0.5135632157325745, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritrean refugees", - "confidence": 0.9700800180435181, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ethiopia and Eritrea. The world-wide cessation will take effect on December 31, 2002 and\nwill affect hundreds of thousands of Eriteans in neighbouring countries. More than 100,000\nEritreans have already gone home, either on their own or under the voluntary repatriation\noperation. That program will continue. In addition, the agency will assess the claims of those\nindividuals who come forward to seek continued asylum beyond 2002. Those found to be\nstill in need of international protection will be able to remain in their current host country as\nrefugees. Those who do not qualify for asylum after 2002 but do not wish to return home\nbecause of strong family, social or economic links with the host country will be expected to\nlegalise their stay there.\n\n_**Refugees from Somalia**_ _:_\nSomali refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR_ )\n\nKenya 144,349 Djibouti 21,712\nYemen 67,485 South Africa 5,336\nEthiopia 67,129\n\n\nThe third major group of refugees hosted by countries in the East and Horn of Africa region\nare Somalis. The first group fled their country in 1988 when north-west Somalia, also\nknown as Somaliland, began a struggle to break away from the rest of the country. This war\nof secession caused displacement mainly into eastern Ethiopia. Hundreds of thousands more\nSomali refugees fled their country in 1991 after the fall of the Siad Barre regime and the\nsubsequent outbreak of civil war. At the peak of the crisis in Somalia in 1992, there were\nnearly 700,000 Somali refugees in countries of the East and Horn of Africa region. Since\nthen, nearly 500,000 have returned to their homeland while more than 30,000 others have\nbeen resettled to third countries such as USA, Canada, Australia and several European\ncountries.\n\nIn Somalia, the establishment of a transitional national government and the election of a\nPresident in Somalia in 2000 have failed to consolidate peace. The country continues to be\nruled by local chieftains and traditional warlords, while regional administrations continue to\njostle for greater power and authority. Humanitarian access to many parts of the country has\nremained extremely limited due to security concerns while a combination of drought,\npoverty, conflict and violence continues to threaten millions of Somalis _._\n\nIn mid-April 2002, for example, inter-clan warfare in and around the town of Bula Hawa in\nthe Upper Gedo region of south-west Somalia, displaced some 6,000 Somalis into the\nnearby Kenyan town of Mandera, which borders both Ethiopia and Somalia. By early May,\nthe continued fighting had forced more people to flee into the remote Kenyan border town,\nbringing the estimated number of displaced in the town to some 10,000. Bula Hawa on the\nSomalia side of the border was reported to be empty of civilians. By mid-May, UNHCR\nemergency teams were working with the Government of Kenya to deliver humanitarian\nassistance to the refugees and planning on a possible transfer of the refugees to existing\nrefugee camps in Kenya.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.7812799215316772, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East and Horn of Africa region", - "confidence": 0.7418380379676819, - "start": 212, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.8082294464111328, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.529930055141449, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR has maintained a policy of promoting voluntary repatriation to areas of relative\npeace and stability in Somalia while facilitating return to crisis areas only upon the specific\nrequest of refugees who choose to return on an informed basis. During 2001, some 50,216\nSomali refugees mainly from camps in Ethiopia returned to north-west Somalia, enabling the\nclosure of three of eight camps for Somali refugees in the north-east of the country. Between\n1997 and the end of 2001, a total of 175,512 refugees from Ethiopia were assisted to return\nhome to north-west Somalia while another 11,743 Ethiopian nationals of Somali origin who\nhad mingled with refugees and were residing in the refugee camps were dispersed back into\nthe local communities. During 2002, UNHCR expects to assist the return of a further\n50,000 refugees and close two more camps in eastern Ethiopia. An estimated 15,000\nrefugees who are from Somalia\u2019s Juba region are expected to remain in camps in Ethiopia\nuntil conditions in that part of the country become conducive for return. The majority of\nSomali refugees in Kenya are also from the Juba region and are as yet unable to go home.\n\n_**Refugees from Ethiopia**_ _:_\nEthiopian refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at 1st January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nKenya 13,541 Sudan 16,120\n\nIn March 2000, UNHCR announced the cessation of refugee status for Ethiopian refugees\nwho had fled the country prior to 1991. Ethiopian refugees in all countries of asylum worldwide were affected by this decision. The largest number of this group of refugees was in\nSudan, with 12,000 living in camps. It was estimated that twice as many were in urban\ncentres. Kenya had over 3,500 Ethiopians belonging to this group residing in urban areas.\nBecause of a border conflict between Eritrean and Ethiopia, the implementation of cessation\nof status was delayed in Sudan. Between December 2000 and March 2001, UNHCR was\nable to assist the return of more than 10,000 Ethiopian refugees affected by the decision.\nRefugees who opted to remain in Sudan or Kenya were advised to approach governments\nin their countries of asylum to authorise their continued stay in those countries through\nregular immigration channels or to have their claim for continued asylum assessed. Between\n1993 and 1998, more than 70,000 Ethiopian refugees in Sudan and some 50,000 in Kenya\nwere assisted to return home. Nearly 30,000 Ethiopian refugees remain in the Horn of\nAfrica region. Political tensions in Ethiopia during 2001 provoked small-scale movements of\nEthiopian refugees, mainly students, to neighbouring countries.\n\n### **IV. The Great Lakes region**\n\n**Refugee Population in the Great Lakes region**\n_(Statistics as at 1st January 2002, by country of asylum, including refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nUnited. Rep of Tanzania 668,082 Rwanda 34,267\nDem. Rep. of Congo 362,012 Burundi 27,896\nRepublic of Congo 110,724\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Population in the Great Lakes region", - "confidence": 0.5673021078109741, - "start": 511, - "end": 518 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Great Lakes region", - "confidence": 0.7531899213790894, - "start": 504, - "end": 507 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.6851118206977844, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ethiopian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8138700127601624, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At the beginning of 2002, there were more than 1.2 million refugees in five countries of the\nGreat Lakes region. (United Republic of Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Republic of Congo\nand Democratic Republic of Congo ). These were mainly refugees from Burundi, the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Sudan and Rwanda. Tanzania had the largest\nrefugee population in the whole of Africa (668,082, of whom 498,082 were assisted by\nUNHCR). The largest group of refugees in the Great Lakes region was from Burundi. At\nthe start of 2002, they were also the second largest refugee group in the world cared for by\nUNHCR.\n\n_**Refugees from Burundi**_ _:_\nBurundi refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at 1st January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR_ )\nUnited. Rep. of Tanzania 521,180\nDem. Rep. of Congo 19,485\n\nSince independence in 1961, Burundi has been rocked by tension between the dominant\nTutsi minority and the Hutu majority. A power-struggle between the two ethnic groups is at\nthe root of the long years of incessant conflict that has killed hundreds of thousands of\npeople and displaced nearly one million others both inside and outside the country. A peace\naccord reached in 2000 between the government and several Hutu rebel groups at the\nArusha Peace Talks has resulted in a fragile agreement on power sharing but not a ceasefire. Villages and internally displaced people\u2019s settlements in many parts of the country\ncontinue to come under attack by armed factions who often kill, loot and pillage.\n\nDuring 2001, some 15,000 refugees from Burundi sought asylum mainly in Tanzania,\ncompared to 80,000 in 2000. Because of continuing civil and political unrest in the country,\nUNHCR did not encourage voluntary return. However, the refugee agency assisted more\nthan 2,000 refugees to return. Several thousand others returned home on their own.\n\nSince the installation of a transitional government in November 2001, an increasing number\nof spontaneous returns from camps in western Tanzania have been noted. At the beginning\nof 2002, an agreement was reached by the Tripartite Commission on Repatriation that\nspontaneous returns would be facilitated to reduce the incidence of assault and harassment\nof spontaneous returnees on their way home. The Tripartite Commission on Repatriation\nconsists of representatives from the governments of Burundi, Tanzania and UNHCR. During\nthe second half of March, UNHCR began providing transportation through twice-weekly\nconvoys to Burundi\u2019s northern province of Muyinga. At the beginning of April, after a month\nof partially assisted return, UNHCR had aided the return of more than 4,000 Burundian\nreturnees. Another 55,000 had registered to repatriate. UNHCR is reviewing requests for\nfacilitated return to other parts of the country amid continuing concerns about security.\n\n_**Refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo:**_\nCongolese (DRC) refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n\n_(Statistics are as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR_ )\n\nUN. Rep. of Tanzania 117,516 Republic of Congo 84,306\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5530174374580383, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6740045547485352, - "start": 87, - "end": 88 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.8702102899551392, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5035196542739868, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5197187662124634, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Zambia 56,132 Angola 11,933\nRwanda 33,063 Central African Republic 10,225\nBurundi 26,670 Uganda 7,613\n\n\nAt the end of 2001, there were 261,555 Congolese DRC refugees in all countries of the\nGreat Lakes region as well as in Uganda, Central African Republic, Zambia and Angola,\nwhere there were another 85,903, bringing the total number of DRC refugees to 347,458.\nMany fled the conflict which erupted following Laurent Kabila\u2019s ascension to power in\n1998/99 and the subsequent occupation of parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo by\nrebel groups and some neighbouring states such as Uganda and Rwanda. Renewed conflict\nbetween Congolese government forces and the rebel group, Mouvement pour la Liberation\ndu Congo (MLC) led by Jean Pierre Bemba, in 2000 sent another wave of nearly 100,000\nDRC refugees into neighbouring Republic of Congo and Central African Republic.\n\nReturn possibilities for the nearly 350,000 DRC refugees have been uncertain as most\nreturnee areas of origin have remained under rebel control. For example, many of the\n30,000 Banyamulenge and Banyamasisi refugees who fled from areas north of Goma to\nRwanda and the over 100,000 other DRC refugees in Tanzania are from areas of eastern\nDRC which are largely controlled by the RCD-Goma. In addition, more than 100,000\nothers in the Republic of Congo and Central African Republic are from Equateur province,\nmost of which is held by the MLC.\n\nThere is equal concern for an estimated 1.8 million internally displaced Congolese who are\nalso unable to regain their homes due to the prevailing uncertain and insecure conditions in\nthe DRC. Many are reported to be living in extreme poverty with little or no access to food\nand health care. Humanitarian organisations estimate that nearly two million people in the\nDRC have died from malnutrition and disease over the last 4 \u2013 5 years, a figure that is far\nlarger than those who have died in the country\u2019s conflict.\n\nPeace talks \u2013 the Inter-Congolese Dialogue \u2013 held in Sun City, South Africa in March 2002\nbrought together, for the first time in many months, the major protagonists in Congo\u2019s war.\nHopes for a positive outcome of the talks dimmed significantly as agreements reached at the\nseven-week meeting were not acceptable to all parties. The political stalemate continues to\nleave the future of more than 350,000 DRC refugees in the balance.\n\n_**Refugees from the Central African Republic**_ :\nDuring the first quarter of 2002, there were an estimated 5,000 refugees from the Central\nAfrican Republic in the north-west DRC town of Zongo and surrounding areas. The\nrefugees are part of a group of more than 26,000 who fled a failed coup attempt in the\nCentral African Republic in May 2001. At the height of the influx in June 2001, several\nthousand refugees, including former combatants, flocked into the small Congolese town and\nadjacent villages occupying schools and other public buildings. The area is under the control\nof the rebel group \u2013 Movement pour la Liberation du Congo (MLC), led by Jean-Pierre\nBemba.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In mid-February, UNHCR completed the transfer of nearly 3,000 of the refugees from the\nnorth-western DRC town of Zongo, on the banks of the Oubangui river, to Mole, a new site\ndeveloped by the refugee agency some 45 km inland. The relocation is in accordance with\nthe 1951 and OAU refugee conventions which require that refugee camps be situated at a\nreasonable distance away from the frontier so as to ensure the physical protection of\nrefugees.\n\nBefore the start of the operation to move civilian refugees from Zongo to Mole, UNHCR\nsought the help of MONUC \u2013 the UN peace-keeping force in Congo - and local authorities\nto separate ex-combatants from the refugees so as to ensure the civilian character of the\ncamp. As a result, more than 1,000 former combatants were transferred from Zongo to\nBokilio, more than 100 km away, paving the way for the transfer of Central African\nrefugees to Mole. Over the last few months, several thousand refugees have returned to the\nCAR capital and outlying regions. An estimated 2,000 others remain scattered across\nseveral villages on the DRC side of the Oubangui river.\n\n_**Refugees from Angola**_ : ( _see also section on Southern Africa)_\nAngolan refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at 1_ _[st]_ _January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR.)_\n\nZambia 218,540 Namibia 30,599\nDem. Rep. of Congo 186,975 Republic of Congo 15,300\n\n\n\nZambia 218,540 Namibia 30,599\nDem. Rep. of Congo 186,975 Republic of Congo 15,300\n\n\n_**Refugees from Rwanda:**_\nRwandan refugees (Breakdown by country of asylum)\n_(Statistics are as at Ist January 2002 and include refugees not assisted by UNHCR)_\n\nDem. Rep. of Congo 30,414 Republic of Congo 6,688\nUn. Rep. of Tanzania 24,241 Zambia 5,048\nUganda 14,288\n\n\n\nRepublic of Congo 6,688\nZambia 5,048\n\n\n\nRwanda is still recovering from the 1994 genocide which saw the killing of more than\n800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus and the displacement of more than 2.5 million Hutu\nrefugees in Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Long years of ethnic\ntension and violence between the dominant Tutsi minority and the majority Hutus came to a\nhead in April 1994 with the shooting down of the plane carrying Rwanda\u2019s President\nJuvenal Habyarimana near the capital, Kigali, in what seemed to have been a wellorchestrated attempt to eliminate the Tutsi. An earlier conflict in 1959 had driven out more\nthan 200,000 Tutsis mainly to neighbouring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya.\n\nWhile large numbers of Rwandan refugees have returned home from Tanzania and the DRC,\nan estimated 75,000 remain in countries of the Great Lakes region. During 2001, more than\n21,000 refugees returned home mainly from western Tanzania and eastern DRC while some\n6,459 new refugees sought asylum in Uganda and Tanzania.\n\nThe government of Rwanda is making efforts to encourage the return of the remaining\nRwandan refugees in the region. In this regard, the government has taken steps to reach\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6275550723075867, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.8762127161026001, - "start": 317, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8066473603248596, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6449305415153503, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.5527593493461609, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.7026024460792542, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9238269925117493, - "start": 317, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tripartite agreements between Rwandan authorities, UNHCR and relevant governments in\nthe East and Central African region.\n\nUNHCR\n**Public Information Section**\nP.O. Box 2500\n1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland\n\nTel: (41 22) 739 85 02\nFax: (41 22) 739 73 14\nE-mail: hqpi00@unhcr.ch\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/471decc6-7111-3318-a484-6e8941b7e9e5/58B1D6BED720162285256C8A0072930A-unhcr-afr-30jun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_114/raw/doc_114_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_114/raw/doc_114_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 777c2d6d53cf1514219af83625bcdf2f70d3775e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_114/raw/doc_114_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n# DESPERATE JOURNEYS\n\n\n\nFebruary 2017\n\n\n\nRefugees and migrants entering and crossing Europe via the Mediterranean and Western Balkans routes\n\n\n### SUMMARY\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nThe number of refugees and migrants arriving by\nsea to Europe decreased significantly in 2016 from\n2015 with a further decrease since March mostly\ndue to fewer people using the Eastern Mediterranean route. Most refugees and migrants entered\nthe European Union (EU) through three primary\nroutes: the Central Mediterranean route from North\nAfrica to Italy, the Eastern Mediterranean route from\nTurkey to Greece, Bulgaria, and Cyprus, and the\nWestern Mediterranean route from North Africa to\nSpain. The movement along these three routes, as\nwell as onward movement through the Balkans and\nonwards from Italy are the focus of this short report\nanalyzing trends in 2016. Despite border restrictions imposed at several points along key routes,\nthousands entered and moved through Europe\neach month with many likely to be in need of international protection. [1]\n\n\nFollowing the EU-Turkey Statement of 18 March and\nthe closure of the so-called Western Balkans route,\nthe Central Mediterranean again became the primary entry point to Europe with most departing from\nLibya but smaller numbers also arriving in Italy from\nEgypt and Turkey. However, arrival trends in Italy\nshow that the primary nationalities of those who had\ncrossed to Greece in 2015 had not switched in significant numbers to the Central Mediterranean route\nin 2016. Among those arriving in Italy, 23% came\nfrom the ten countries currently producing the most\nrefugees globally but arrivals from other countries\nalso included refugees, victims of trafficking, and\nunaccompanied and separated children (UASC).\nMeanwhile in Greece, 87% of arrivals came from the\nten countries currently producing the most refugees\nglobally. In the latter part of the year, an increased\nnumber of people reached Europe through Spain,\nwith rising numbers crossing the sea from Morocco and Algeria, along with further entries by Syri\n\n1 In many locations, refugees and migrants entering Europe or transiting\nthrough countries cross borders irregularly so the data provided in this document is based on official sources but the actual numbers using a particular\nroute may be slightly higher.\n\n\n1\n\n\n\nans and others to the enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta.\nHowever the numbers are much lower than those\nin the Central Mediterranean and the total number\nof arrivals in Spain in 2016 still dropped slightly\nfrom those of 2015 due to fewer land arrivals. 2016\nhas now become the deadliest year on record with\n5,096 deaths at sea recorded.\n\n\nAfter arriving in Europe, many refugees and migrants moved onwards across different countries\nwithin and outside the EU, on many occasions using\nsmugglers. However, larger numbers of people arriving in Italy stayed in Italy, due primarily to restrictions imposed by neighbouring states at the northern borders, with over 176,000 people in reception\ncentres across the country as of the end of the year.\n\n\nIt is of great concern that cases of abuse and violence by smugglers and other criminal networks\ncontinued to take place throughout the region.\nFurthermore, reports of incidents of violence and\npush-backs by state authorities [2] at several borders\ncontinued despite the prohibition on collective expulsions under European and international law and\nthe potential for direct or indirect _refoulement_ .\n\n\nDespite many refugees already in Europe being legally entitled to family reunification, in practice there\nare many obstacles that delay or prevent refugees\nwith immediate family members outside Europe or\neven sometimes elsewhere in Europe from being\nable to reunify. [3] As a result of this and limited other\nlegal pathways available for people seeking international protection to enter Europe, many saw no\nalternative to undertaking dangerous journeys.\n\n\n2 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/5788c85a4/unhcr-con-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/5788c85a4/unhcr-concerned-hungary-pushing-asylum-seekers-serbia.html)\n[cerned-hungary-pushing-asylum-seekers-serbia.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/5788c85a4/unhcr-concerned-hungary-pushing-asylum-seekers-serbia.html) ; [htp://www.unhcr.org/](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html)\n[news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bul-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html)\n[garia-borders.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html) ; [htp://www.acnur.es/notcias/notcias-de-espana/2617-](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/noticias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada)\n[acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-se-](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/noticias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada)\n[gun-el-modo-de-entrada](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/noticias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada) ; [htp://www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/news/2016/](http://www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/news/2016/unhcr-alarmed-at-refugee-death-on-hungary-serbia-border.html)\n[unhcr-alarmed-at-refugee-death-on-hungary-serbia-border.html](http://www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/news/2016/unhcr-alarmed-at-refugee-death-on-hungary-serbia-border.html)\n3 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2016/8/57aca60a4/right-re-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2016/8/57aca60a4/right-reunion-eludes-refugee-families-europe.html)\n[union-eludes-refugee-families-europe.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2016/8/57aca60a4/right-reunion-eludes-refugee-families-europe.html)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n## EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\nIn contrast to 2015, the numbers of those entering\nthe European Union via Turkey in 2016 were far\nsmaller with 173,450 refugees and migrants entering Greece by sea and a further 3,282 by land. In\nBulgaria, 18,884 refugees and migrants were apprehended by authorities over the course of the year \u2013\na significant decrease from apprehensions in 2015\nwith almost half caught in the interior of the country\nin 2016.\n\n\nAfter March, the numbers crossing the sea to\nGreece from Turkey dropped drastically with arrivals\nin October 2016 almost 99% lower than in October\n2015 when 211,663 crossed the Aegean \u2013 an average of 6,828 per day. In 2016, arrivals on the Greek\nislands dropped from an average of 2,175 per day\nin January to 96 per day in October and 54 per day\nin December. While women and children comprised\n60% of arrivals in the first three months of 2016, following the EU-Turkey Statement, women and children made up only 46% of arrivals in the remaining\nnine months of the year with the numbers of children falling from 38% between January and March\nto just 27% for the rest of the year. As the conflict in\nSyria continued to displace civilians, Syrians were\nstill the largest group entering Greece each month\naside from December along with smaller numbers\nof Afghans, Iraqis and Pakistanis and the majority\nof those using the Eastern Mediterranean route are\nlikely to be in need of international protection.\n\n\nIn the latter part of the year, refugees and migrants\nincreasingly diversified their routes out of Turkey\nwith greater numbers attempting to cross the Turkey-Greece land border and 349 arrivals to Cyprus\n\n\n\nreported between August and December. Several\nboats from Turkey continued to land each month in\nItaly as some refugees and migrants sought to avoid\nreturns under the EU-Turkey Statement as well as\nthe arduous Western Balkans crossing. Such arrivals increased 26% from 2,471 in 2015 to 3,114 by the\nend of 2016.\n\n\nDespite the short distance between Turkey and\nsome Greek islands, people continued to drown in\nthe Aegean Sea, including young children, as many\nof them attempted to seek international protection\nin the EU. At least 27 people are thought to have\ndrowned in a single incident as a boat with Syrian\nand Pakistani nationals on board capsized en route\nfrom Bodrum in Turkey to Kos on 29 September. By\nthe end of the year, 441 people had drowned along\nthe Eastern Mediterranean route in 2016 compared\nto 799 in 2015. Although a reduction in absolute\nterms, the proportion of those refugees and migrants that died while attempting to cross the Aegean increased substantially from one in 1,072 in\n2015 to one in 393 in 2016, although most deaths\noccurred between January and March when larger\nnumbers attempted the crossing despite the winter\nweather. At the land borders, the bodies of two unknown refugee or migrant men were found at the\nGreece-Turkey border in October and November\nwhile in late December, the body of a 23-year-old\nPakistani national was found in Turkey near the Bulgarian border.\n\n\nIn the latter part of 2016, UNHCR received several\nreports of people being irregularly returned to Turkey from neighbouring states. In October, UNHCR\n\n\n\nARRIVALS IN GREECE FROM TURKEY VIA LAND AND SEA BORDERS - 2007 TO 2016\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**+**\n\n\n**-**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|856,723
December 2009 August 2012 December 2012
Greece completes the Greece deploys addi- 12km fence along
removal of all land- tional 1,881 police offi- land border with
mines from the land cers to land border with Turkey completed.
border with Turkey. Turkey.
54,974|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|89
14,461
8,787
81
30,149
27,68


|47,088
30,438
5
5,190
1,030
3,646



|1,122
1,903
11,447
43,518
3,713


|3,2
|82
173,45
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Arrivals via the sea border|\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "*Number of persons apprehended for irregular entry at or close to all Bulgarian borders (primarily crossing from Turkey). In total, 18,844 undocumented persons were apprehended in 2016,\nincluding those apprehended elsewhere in the country or trying to exit the country irregularly.\nSources: UNHCR and Ministery of Interior, Bulgaria [https://www.mvr.bg/NR/rdonlyres/022CB329-](https://www.mvr.bg/NR/rdonlyres/022CB329-08B3-42C4-AEDD-64D6C47D48CC/0/Mesechna_spravka_dekemvri_2016.pdf)\n[08B3-42C4-AEDD-64D6C47D48CC/0/Mesechna_spravka_dekemvri_2016.pdf](https://www.mvr.bg/NR/rdonlyres/022CB329-08B3-42C4-AEDD-64D6C47D48CC/0/Mesechna_spravka_dekemvri_2016.pdf)\n\n\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nexpressed its concern after 10 Syrians who had arrived in a group of 91 on the Greek island of Milos\nwere subsequently returned to Turkey despite reportedly having expressed their intention to seek\nasylum in Greece. [4] At the land borders, UNHCR\ncontinued to receive testimonies of refugees and\nmigrants who had crossed the Evros River from Turkey being pushed back by Greek authorities without\nany form of individualized screening or the opportunity to seek asylum, and outside of established\nlegal frameworks. Such practices have also been\nextensively documented in the past by UNHCR and\nothers. [5] Likewise, at the border between Turkey and\nBulgaria, UNHCR continued to receive accounts of\nrefugees and migrants being pushed back from inside Bulgarian territory to Turkey by Bulgarian authorities, also involving the use of violence. Such\nmeasures do not conform with EU Member States\u2019\nobligations to provide access to asylum procedures\nfor those requesting international protection and\nconduct protection screening prior to returning persons to neighbouring states. UNHCR has expressed\nconcerns in the past about such measures [6] including requesting investigations into two incidents in\nwhich deaths occurred. [7] Additionally, Bulgaria continued the construction of a fence along its border\nwith Turkey, a measure that may also impede access to international protection for those seeking\nasylum. [8]\n\n\n4 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/briefng/2016/10/5809e78d4/unhcr-concern-re-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2016/10/5809e78d4/unhcr-concern-return-10-syrian-asylum-seekers-greece.html)\n[turn-10-syrian-asylum-seekers-greece.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2016/10/5809e78d4/unhcr-concern-return-10-syrian-asylum-seekers-greece.html)\n5 [htp://www.refworld.org/docid/54cb3af34.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54cb3af34.html)\n6 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/un-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html)\n[hcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/1/56aa19556/unhcr-alarmed-plight-refugees-migrants-bulgaria-borders.html) ; [htp://www.unhcr.](http://www.unhcr.org/53198b489.pdf)\n[org/53198b489.pdf](http://www.unhcr.org/53198b489.pdf)\n7 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/3/551abb606/unhcr-concerned-bor-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/3/551abb606/unhcr-concerned-border-practices-deaths-iraqis-bulgaria-turkey-border.html)\n[der-practces-deaths-iraqis-bulgaria-turkey-border.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/3/551abb606/unhcr-concerned-border-practices-deaths-iraqis-bulgaria-turkey-border.html) ; [htp://www.aljazeera.](http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/afghan-refugee-shot-dead-enter-bulgaria-151016072352279.html)\n[com/news/2015/10/afghan-refugee-shot-dead-enter-bulgaria-151016072352279.](http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/afghan-refugee-shot-dead-enter-bulgaria-151016072352279.html)\n[html](http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/afghan-refugee-shot-dead-enter-bulgaria-151016072352279.html)\n8 [htp://www.refworld.org/docid/52c598354.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/52c598354.html)\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n_**Onward movement from Greece and Bulgaria**_\n\n\nBy the end of 2016, relocations to other EU Member\nStates from Greece under the EU\u2019s Emergency Relocation Mechanism remained low with only 7,275\nasylum-seekers (11%) of the September 2017 target\nof 66,400 asylum-seekers relocated from Greece\nafter 16 months of the programme. Despite the efforts of Greek authorities, UNHCR, NGOs, volunteer\ngroups and other actors to improve conditions at\naccommodation sites across Greece, refugees and\nmigrants continued to move on from Greece each\nweek, including to reunite with family members already in the EU as well as due to lengthy delays in\nthe asylum process, substandard reception conditions especially in the winter weather, and limited\nintegration prospects.\n\n\n42,374\n\n\n33,840\n\n\nNUMBERS OF REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS ON THE GREEK MAINLAND\n\n\nThe most commonly used route onwards from\nGreece has generally been via the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia into Serbia but routes\nincreasingly diversified as countries tightened border controls, including following the introduction\nof a new border regime in Hungary in July, which\nincluded a provision to return to the other side of\nthe border fence at the Serbian border those apprehended within 8 km of the border. By the end of the\nyear, entry to Hungary from Serbia was restricted to\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\ntwo \u2018transit zones\u2019 where up to 100 people per week\nwere admitted to seek asylum (a decrease since\nearly November prior to which up to 210 people per\nweek were admitted) and some reported waiting for\nup to six and half months to gain entry. Between 05\nJuly and 31 December, Hungarian police reported\npreventing the irregular entry of 10,496 refugees\nand migrants (an average of 58 per day) and apprehending and returning 8,507 refugees and migrants\nfound within 8 km of the border (an average of 47\nper day).\n\n\nAs a result, the number of refugees and migrants in\nSerbia increased from approximately 2,000 in June\nto 7,000 by the end of the year.\n\n\n7,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16\n\n\nPresence in Serbia Occupancy of Govt facilities\n\n\nFollowing the Hungarian restrictions, Serbia too increased controls at its borders with the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria from 22\nJuly and reported preventing the irregular entry of\n17,000 refugees and migrants between then and the\nend of the year. [9] New restrictions imposed by Hungary also resulted in those already in Serbia seeking\nalternative ways out of the country and increased\nirregular entries were recorded in Romania from\nSerbia from August onwards with a high of 121 ir\n\n9 [htp://rs.n1info.com/a218255/Vest/Vest/Za-dve-nedelje-uhapseno-25-kri-](http://rs.n1info.com/a218255/Vesti/Vesti/Za-dve-nedelje-uhapseno-25-krijumcara-migranata.html)\n[jumcara-migranata.html](http://rs.n1info.com/a218255/Vesti/Vesti/Za-dve-nedelje-uhapseno-25-krijumcara-migranata.html)\n\n\n\nregular entries from Serbia in October. This prompted stricter controls by Romania along its southwest\nborder resulting in just eight people crossing the\nborder irregularly in November before numbers\nrose again to 112 in December. Increased irregular\nentries to Croatia and Slovenia and even attempts\nto move onwards via Montenegro from Serbia were\nalso observed.\n\n\nRefugees and migrants moving on from Bulgaria\nmostly crossed to Serbia with Bulgarian authorities\nreporting having made 13,776 interceptions at the\nSerbian border up to 29 December in 2016.\n\n\nFrom September onwards, following the increased\nrestrictions at the Bulgaria-Serbia border, more people crossed from Bulgaria to Romania, including at\nleast two groups that managed to cross the Danube\nRiver by boat, with numbers reaching a high of 111 in\nDecember. The use of alternative routes to crossing from Greece to the former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia increased in the second half of the year,\nhowever in lower numbers, with some refugees and\nmigrants attempting to cross via Albania and then\nKosovo or Montenegro to Serbia or else via Bulgaria\nfrom Greece to Serbia.\n\n\nAs States in the region increased border restrictions, refugees and migrants undertook more risky\nways to try to cross borders, including along established routes, resulting in several deaths. At the\nBulgaria-Romania border, during an attempt to cross\nthe Danube River on 09 September, a boat overturned causing two Iraqi nationals, one a six-yearold boy, to drown and four others (three of whom\nwere children) to go missing. In August, an Afghan\nnational was shot dead allegedly accidentally by a\nhunter after irregularly crossing to Serbia from Bulgaria. As winter set in, the body of an 18-year-old Afghan man was found in November in a pump house\nwhere he had sought shelter near Bulgaria\u2019s border\nwith Serbia. In early December, a group arriving in\n\n\n\n35,000\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n25,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\nMONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS IN GREECE BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - 2016\n\n\n\n**+**\n\n\n**-**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfghanistan 18,846 13,943 6,133 580 270 215 201 324 479 410 254 170\n\nIraq 11,964 9,134 2,515 381 162 183 104 327 497 541 220 110\n\nPakistan 2,243 1,539 1,880 637 231 233 345 737 513 105 69 261\n\nOther 1,860 1,445 1,370 711 469 413 687 824 570 677 768 836\n\nIran 2,193 1,593 674 73 64 51 73 123 155 216 70 30\n\n\nArrival figures for Greece are provided by the Hellenic Coast Guard and Police. All figures are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nthe south of Serbia told authorities that smugglers\nhad forced them to abandon a young Iraqi woman in\nthe mountains as they crossed from Bulgaria as she\ncould no longer walk.\n\n\nUNHCR remains concerned by consistent reports of\npush-backs, including the frequent use of violence\nby state authorities of different countries, which\nappear to contravene the prohibition on collective\nexpulsions and due process standards. In July, UNHCR voiced concerns about push-backs and the\nuse of violence by Hungarian state authorities, [10]\nbut these continued to be reported. Likewise, pushbacks were regularly reported from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, where the majority\nof those apprehended in the country are summarily returned to Greece, along with push-backs from\nSerbia to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria [11], and as push-backs from Croatia\nto Serbia. [12] In multiple cases in the region, UNHCR\n\n\n10 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/5788c85a4/unhcr-con-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/5788c85a4/unhcr-concerned-hungary-pushing-asylum-seekers-serbia.html)\n\n\n\nreceived accounts of persons who had requested\ninternational protection but were denied access to\nasylum procedures and still pushed back. These\nincluded families and persons with specific needs\nincluding unaccompanied children. In some cases,\nin the middle of winter, border authorities allegedly forced refugees and migrants to remove all their\nwarm clothing then sent them back across the border despite the freezing weather.\n\n\nAt the same time, many refugees and migrants reported abuses by smugglers who routinely detained\nand extorted some in sites in the north of the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as well as at times\nin Belgrade, Pristina, and Sofia. Others not using\nsmugglers\u2019 services reported being kidnapped by\nthe same smuggler groups. As part of extortion attempts, some smugglers allegedly frequently used\nphysical and sexual violence and torture as well as\ndetained people against their will for several days\nto obtain additional fees above those previously\nagreed upon.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ing many with international protection needs and\nUASC. While 71% of arrivals in Italy were men, 14%\nof all arrivals (25,846 children) were UASC, mostly\nfrom Eritrea, Gambia, and Nigeria, more than double the 12,360 UASC who arrived in 2015. [13] While\nwomen comprised only 13% of arrivals, they accounted for 29% of Nigerian arrivals and over 20%\nof arrivals from Somalia, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and\nEritrea. IOM has raised concerns that around 80% of\nNigerian women who arrived by sea to Italy in 2016\nmay be victims of trafficking. [14]\n\n\nOf the 181,436 refugees and migrants who reached\nItaly in 2016, 90% departed from Libya with most\nboats departing from the west of the country, especially Sabratha. Many travelled in inflatable boats\n\n\n13 htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53357\n14 [htps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigeri-](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafficked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016)\n[an-women-trafcked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/12/nigerian-women-trafficked-to-italy-for-sex-doubled-2016)\n\n\nMONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS IN ITALY 2013 - 2016\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n\nrefugees and migrants \u201care often beaten, robbed\nand taken to detention centres or private houses\nand farms, where they are subjected to forced labour, rape, and other sexual violence.\u201d [15]\n\n\nAround 6% of those who arrived in Italy departed\nfrom Egypt. While over 4,000 Syrians crossed the\nsea from North Africa in the first half of 2015, in 2016\nthe number of Syrians on this route was far lower\nwith only 1,200 crossing the sea from North Africa\nto Italy.\n\n\nThe number of deaths of refugees and migrants in\nthe Mediterranean as they attempted to reach Europe in 2016 is the highest on record [16], primarily\n\n\n15 [htp://unsmil.unmissions.org/Portals/unsmil/Documents/Migrants%20](http://unsmil.unmissions.org/Portals/unsmil/Documents/Migrants%20report-EN.pdf)\n[report-EN.pdf](http://unsmil.unmissions.org/Portals/unsmil/Documents/Migrants%20report-EN.pdf)\n16 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/briefng/2016/10/580f1d044/mediterranean-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2016/10/580f1d044/mediterranean-death-toll-soars-all-time-high.html)\n[death-toll-soars-all-tme-high.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2016/10/580f1d044/mediterranean-death-toll-soars-all-time-high.html)\n\n\n27,384\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n2013 2014 2015 2016\n\n6\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\n25,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MONTHLY SEA ARRIVALS IN ITALY", - "confidence": 0.5993187427520752, - "start": 187, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.809025764465332, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.503649890422821, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7165771126747131, - "start": 124, - "end": 127 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nSEA ARRIVALS IN ITALY: TOP 5 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN - 2016\n\n\n\ndue to 4,578 deaths in the central Mediterranean,\ncompared to 2,913 in the whole of 2015. [17] The proportion of those refugees and migrants that died\nwhile attempting to cross the central Mediterranean\nin 2016 is one death for every 40 persons crossing,\nwhich is higher than the one in 53 recorded in 2015.\nDespite the presence of multiple governmental and\nNGO search and rescue vessels, people continue\nto drown as boats capsize, including during rescue\nattempts, with some trapped or locked below deck.\nOthers asphyxiate, including after breathing engine\nfumes for hours in an enclosed space, or are even\ncrushed to death in the panic to be rescued. Additional factors contributing to the increase in the\nnumber of deaths include the use of lower quality\nvessels by smugglers especially inflatable boats,\ntravel in bad weather, overloading of boats, and\nsometimes mass embarkations of thousands at a\ntime. Survivors reaching Italy often have horrific injuries, including burns from fuel mixing with sea water in the boat, or else accrued during their journeys\nacross the Sahara or in Libya, often at the hands of\nsmugglers. Other particularly vulnerable persons\nrescued include victims of torture, many survivors\nof sexual violence, women in advanced stages of\npregnancy, and unaccompanied children.\n\n\n17 htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53632\n\n\n\nWhile previously most of those arriving in Italy were\nmoving onwards to other European destinations,\nincluding as victims of trafficking, [18] increased restrictions at Italy\u2019s land borders contributed to larger numbers remaining in Italy and seeking asylum\nthere. 123,482 people applied for asylum as of the\nend of the year and over 176,000 accommodated\naround Italy in reception centres. Relocations from\nItaly under the EU\u2019s Relocation Mechanism of asylum-seekers were slow with just 2,654 (7%) of the\n39,600 original target by September 2017 relocated\nafter 16 months of the programme, likely contributing to onward movement. As refugees and migrants\ntried to move onwards and cross into France or\nSwitzerland, increased numbers accumulated in the\ntowns of Ventimiglia and Como requiring the establishment of temporary accommodation facilities. In\nAugust, a group of 48 Sudanese nationals who may\nhave been in need of international protection but\nhad not applied for asylum in Italy were deported\nto Sudan under a bilateral agreement, prompting\nconcerns about whether the agreement includes\nadequate safeguards against _refoulement_ .\n\n\n18 [htps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/aug/08/trafck-](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/aug/08/trafficking-of-nigerian-women-into-prostitution-in-europe-at-crisis-level)\n[ing-of-nigerian-women-into-prosttuton-in-europe-at-crisis-level](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/aug/08/trafficking-of-nigerian-women-into-prostitution-in-europe-at-crisis-level)\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n\n\nPRIMARY COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY BY GENDER AND AGE - 2016\n\n\n - Accompanied children **Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\nArrival figures for Italy are provided by the Italian Ministry of Interior. Figures are subject to future adjustment and should not be considered final.\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\n## WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sea arrivals to mainland
6,979
Melilla arrivals
3,901|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Melilla arrivals
**3,901**
Sea arrivals to mainland
**6,979**|Melilla arrivals
**3,901**|Melilla arrivals
**3,901**|\n|Melilla arrivals
**3,901**
Sea arrivals to mainland
**6,979**|Melilla arrivals
**3,901**||\n\n\n\nA third route commonly used by refugees and migrants in 2016 was from North Africa to Spain,\nknown as the Western Mediterranean route. Some\ncrossed the Straits of Gibraltar or the Alboran Sea\nin inflatable boats while others crossed into the two\nenclaves in North Africa, Melilla and Ceuta, either by\nclimbing the high surrounding fences or passing undetected through border crossing points. The number of refugees and migrants entering Europe via\nSpain dropped 13% from 16,263 in 2015 to 14,094\nin 2016. One primary reason for the decrease was\nthat fewer Syrians entered Melilla in 2016 with just\n1,927 reaching the enclave in 2016 compared to\n7,164 in 2015 when those in North Africa sought a\nsafer alternative to the sea crossing to Italy from\nLibya. As a result, entries to Melilla dropped from\n9,169 in 2015 to 3,901 in 2016. However, there was\n\n\n\nan 85% increase in numbers of people crossing to\nthe Spanish mainland by sea from North Africa with\n6,979 people crossing this way in 2016. Numbers\ncrossing the sea generally increased throughout\nthe year and peaked in September with 1,132 refugees and migrants reaching the mainland before\nnumbers dropped in line with regional sea crossing\ntrends as the winter weather set in.\n\n\nOf those entering Spain, people in need of protection included those fleeing conflicts in Syria, the\nCentral African Republic, and Yemen; women fleeing sexual and gender-based violence, persons\nfleeing persecution due to their sexual orientation\nor gender identity, and unaccompanied children. In\n2016, the primary nationalities arriving in Spain were\nGuineans (19%), Algerians (17%), Syrians (14%), and\n\n\n\nTOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF ARRIVALS TO SPAIN - 2016\n\n\n500\n\n\n450\n\n\n400\n\n\n350\n\n\n\n300\n\n\n250\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n|Col1|Syrian Arab Republic
Guinea
Cote d\u2019Ivoire
Algeria
Cameroon|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||n
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
D|n
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
D|\n\n\n\nGuinea 229 148 238 241 216 246 74 123 200 279 171 402\nCote d'Ivoire 92 43 67 128 163 255 133 181 240 274 182 153\nSyrian Arab Republic 119 63 83 138 144 72 134 290 254 264 223 143\nCameroon 150 28 25 144 74 41 27 411 364 116 46 221\nAlgeria 87 39 33 78 57 125 173 62 136 476 257 294\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Bureau for Europe\n\nIvoirians (14%). While Syrians continued to cross undetected via the border crossing point into Melilla\nand Algerians primarily entered Spain by sea, Guineans were the largest group to enter the enclaves\n(aside from the Syrians) with most crossing via the\nfence and smaller numbers of Guineans crossing\nthe sea to the Spanish mainland. Ivoirians were the\nlargest group to cross the sea to the Spanish mainland. Notably, between August and November, over\n200 Syrians a month entered Spain in search of\ninternational protection, making the Western Mediterranean the second most frequently used entry\npoint to Europe for Syrians after the Eastern Mediterranean.\n\n\nAs more people crossed the sea to the Spanish\nmainland, more people lost their lives at sea with 77\npersons reported dead or missing in 2016 compared\nto 59 in 2015. UNHCR also remains concerned by\nconsistent allegations of automatic returns at the\nSpain-Morocco border. On 10 September, news media footage [19] showed forced returns to Morocco,\n\n\n19 htps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exAIcGiqs_U\n\n\n\nincluding the use of violence, of persons attempting to enter Ceuta via the fences without any form\nof apparent protection screening, prompting statements from UNHCR [20], the Defensor del Pueblo [21]\nas well as a reaction from the Council of Europe\u2019s\nCommissioner for Human Rights. [22] A similar incident took place on 01 January 2017 when over 800\npersons attempted to cross the fence to Ceuta. Of\nthe 106 persons that reached Spanish territory that\nday by climbing the fence only two who required\nhospitalization were allowed to stay and the others were returned to Morocco without any form of\nprotection screening. Further allegations of similar\nreturns were also made in recent months including\nof those on Spanish territory attempting to cross the\nfence to Melilla as well as those entering Ceuta and\nMelilla by sea.\n\n\n20 [htp://www.acnur.es/notcias/notcias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/noticias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada)\n[la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada](http://www.acnur.es/noticias/noticias-de-espana/2617-acnur-recuerda-que-la-convencion-de-ginebra-no-limita-el-derecho-de-asilo-segun-el-modo-de-entrada)\n21 [htps://www.defensordelpueblo.es/notcias/inmigrantes-en-la-valla-de-](https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/noticias/inmigrantes-en-la-valla-de-ceuta/)\n[ceuta/](https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/noticias/inmigrantes-en-la-valla-de-ceuta/)\n22 [htps://twiter.com/CommissionerHR/status/775620525402062848](https://twitter.com/CommissionerHR/status/775620525402062848)\n\n\n\nSEA AND LAND ARRIVALS TO SPAIN 2015 - 2016\n\n\n1,400\n\n\n\nSea 2016\n\n\n\nRead more:\n\n### CONCLUSION\n\n\n\nPeople in need of international protection will con\u00ad\ntinue to need to seek safety in Europe in 2017 and\nbeyond, regardless of the restrictions, including\npush-backs and other abuses at borders, imposed\nto reduce their numbers. In order to prevent further loss of life and reduce the risks to those who\nare seeking safety in Europe, some of whom have\nspouses or other family members already in Europe,\nEuropean States need to expand opportunities for\nsafe path\u00adways. These include the use of resettlement, effective family reunification arrangements,\nprivate sponsorship, work and study visas and other\ncomplementary pathways to access protection. [23] In\naddition, it is important to strengthen the use of re\n\n23 [htp://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/12/58453b614/unhcr-calls-stron-](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/12/58453b614/unhcr-calls-stronger-eu-action-refugees.html)\n[ger-eu-acton-refugees.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2016/12/58453b614/unhcr-calls-stronger-eu-action-refugees.html)\n\n\n\n1,200\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n800\n\n\n600\n\n\n400\n\n\n200\n\n\n\nLand 2015\n\n\nSea 2015\n\n\n\nLand 2016\n\n\n\n0\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\nLand 2015 1,276 602 793 1,142 866 932 863 862 1,032 1,079 945 588\nLand 2016 483 275 253 446 339 334 317 599 656 851 531 848\nSea 2015 264 44 280 243 512 414 380 417 621 1,059 557 492\nSea 2016 492 222 351 451 575 715 458 934 1248 1,110 854 752\n\n\nArrival figures for Spain are provided by Spanish Ministry of Interior and Spanish Police. Figures are subject to future adjustment and should not be considered final.\n\n\n\nlocation for those who have arrived in Greece and\nItaly. For those who have arrived in an EU Member\nState, UNHCR calls for prioritization of family reunion for those with family members elsewhere in\nthe EU, accelerated and simplified asylum determination procedures, a common approach to UASC,\nand increased integration support to reduce the\nincentive for irregular onward movement. Finally,\nUNHCR calls for EU Member States and other Eu\u00ad\nropean States along primary transit routes to halt\nborder practices that are not in accordance with\ninternational and European law, including pushbacks, denial of access to asylum procedures, and\nuse of violence by authorities, and ensure instead\nthat those in need of protection are identified and\nassisted by border authorities.\n\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39a912dc-95f0-3f3f-b26a-d067e72db180/58b449f54.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_115/raw/doc_115_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_115/raw/doc_115_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c8bd7a9b088c420fe93c3391dfd8ef077663fb7c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_115/raw/doc_115_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Mixed Migration Trends in** **Libya: Changing Dynamics** **and Protection Challenges**\n\nEvolution of the Journey and Situations of Refugees and Migrants in Southern Libya\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acknowledgements\n\n\nThis report was prepared by Altai Consulting in partnership with IMPACT Initiatives (IMPACT), for the United Nations\n\nRefugee Agency (UNHCR) in Libya. It was written in February 2017 by Marie-Cecile Darme and Tahar Benattia of\n\nAltai Consulting, with the support of Hind Kinani and IMPACT.\n\n\nData collection in Libya was carried out by Istishari Research, Altai Consulting\u2019s local partner, and managed by\n\nKarim Nabata and Omar Hunedy. Marie-Cecile Darme conducted fieldwork in Algeria and Niger, while IMPACT\n\nconducted fieldwork in Chad and Italy.\n\n\nWe are grateful to UNHCR\u2019s Libya office for its role in designing and framing this study, as well as the organisation\u2019s\n\noffices in Algeria, Chad, Niger and Italy, and the International Organisation for Migration\u2019s Libya mission for their\n\nvaluable input and assistance. We are also indebted to the numerous migrants, refugees, government\n\nrepresentatives, humanitarian workers, academic researchers and community members who shared their time and\n\ntheir views with us on the various themes that this study covers.\n\n\nPhotographer Monder Haraga graciously provided the images on the front cover and section pages. All images in\n\nthis report belong to Altai Consulting, unless otherwise stated. All maps in this report were created by Altai Consulting\n\nand IMPACT Initiatives. Layout and graphic design by Marie-Cecile Darme.\n\n\nContact Details\n\n\nIMPACT Initiatives: geneva@impact-initiatives.org\n\nMarie-Cecile Darme: mcdarme@altaiconsulting.com\n\nwww.impact-initiatives.org\n\nwww.altaiconsulting.com\n\n\nPlease note:\n\n\nFor the purposes of this report the expression \u201crefugees and migrants\u201d refers to all people on the move along the\n\nroutes studied, including migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and other populations (such as victims of trafficking\n\nor unaccompanied and separated children), unless a distinction is otherwise made. This study does not include the\n\nsituation of internally displaced persons (IDPs).\n\n\nWhen used separately, the term \u201crefugees\u201d encompasses all persons in need of international protection under\n\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate. This includes refugees recognised as such following a refugee status determination procedure\n\nas well as asylum seekers.\n\n\nAltai Consulting and IMPACT Initiatives prepared this report for review by the United Nations High Commissioner\n\nRefugees (UNHCR). Opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the\n\nviews of the UNCHR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Executive Summary**\n\n**5** Migration Trends Across the Mediterranean: Connecting the Dots\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\nIn October 2016, UNHCR commissioned IMPACT Initiatives and Altai Consulting to conduct research on mixed\n\nmigration patterns in Libya, with a particular focus on the south of the country and on communities of concern to\n\nUNHCR.\n\n\nThe objectives were twofold: 1) to track the evolution of mixed migration trends and routes to and within Libya;\n\n2) to map out refugee and migrant concentrations in southern Libya, and to determine their vulnerabilities and\n\nprotection needs.\n\n\nThis report\u2019s findings are based on qualitative data collected between October and December 2016 in Libya, Tunisia,\n\nAlgeria, Italy, Niger, Chad and Italy. In Libya, the research team conducted 72 interviews with key informants **[1]** and\n\n140 with refugees and migrants in eight hotspots in the south of the country and in the capital Tripoli. Another 74\n\ninterviews were conducted with key informants, refugees and migrants in Algeria, Niger, Chad and Italy.\n\n##### MIXED MIGRATION TRENDS ON THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE\n\n\nMixed Migration Routes and Flows to Europe\n\n##### \u2022 [Three main routes bring refugees and migrants to Europe: the Western Mediterranean Route (usually via Morocco ]\n\nto Spain), the Central Mediterranean Route (usually via Libya to Italy) and the Eastern Mediterranean Route\n\n(usually via Turkey to Greece).\n##### \u2022 [The Central Mediterranean Route is currently the most active and accounts for the largest number of people ]\n\ncrossing by sea to Europe.\n##### \u2022 [Libya is by far the preferred jumping off point for refugees and migrants from Africa hoping to reach Europe; yet ]\n\nit is particularly unsafe.\n##### \u2022 [In recent years, movements by sea from Libya to Europe have increased and the indications are that it is likely ]\n\nto stay this way. In addition to Libya\u2019s strategic location, conflicts and instability in the country have hindered\n\nborder control and created an environment where smuggling networks can flourish. At the same time, interviews\n\nestablished that instability has pushed refugees and migrants settled in Libya to leave, attempting to cross the\n\nMediterranean to reach Europe.\n##### \u2022 [Most refugees and migrants arrive irregularly in Libya through Sudan (for those from East Africa), Niger (for those ]\n\nfrom West and Central Africa), or, to a lesser extent, Algeria (for those from West Africa). Routes through Sudan\n\nsometimes cross into Chad and routes through Niger in some cases pass through Algeria.\n##### \u2022 [Regardless of the route used, those coming to Libya form mixed migration flows, meaning that people with different ]\n\nbackgrounds and motivations travel together along the same routes.\n\n\n**1.** Key informants interviewed included smugglers, local and national-level authorities, civil society organisations (CSOs), and\ninternational non-governmental organisations (INGOs) supporting refugees and migrants, diplomats, community leaders,\ndetention centre managers, border guards and coast guards.\n\n\nMixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.665005087852478, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.5500217080116272, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### \u2022 [The total number of refugees and migrants in Libya (whether in transit or settled in the country) does not appear ]\n\nto have decreased in recent years. Ongoing conflict since 2014 might have pushed numerous refugees and\n\nmigrants settled in Libya to leave, but increasing numbers also seem to be arriving.\n##### \u2022 [The profiles and nationalities of arrivals in Libya have evolved in the past few years. There seems to be a decrease ]\n\nfrom East Africa but an increase from West Africa.\n##### \u2022 [While Syrians used to transit through Libya on their way to Italy,] [2 ] [this was no longer the case in 2016. Most Syrians ]\n\nnow take the Eastern Mediterranean Route to reach Europe.\n##### \u2022 [Foreign nationals coming to Libya are predominantly young, single men with a low level of education. A majority ]\n\nreports moving to or migrating through Libya for economic reasons. However, profiles vary. Refugees and migrants\n\ncan be grouped into four loose categories:\n\n\n - Nationals of neighbouring countries (Niger, Chad, Sudan, Egypt and Tunisia) mostly report travelling to\n\nLibya for economic reasons. They often intend to stay in Libya as opposed to crossing the Mediterranean\n\nto reach Europe. Their migration is often temporary (a few months to a few years) and they may come\n\nand go several times.\n\n\n**2.** Syrians were the first nationality to come to Libya and travel on the Central Mediterranean Route in 2015.\n\n\n**2** Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Nationals of West and Central African countries come mainly from Nigeria, Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, The\n\nGambia, Senegal, Ghana, Mali and Cameroon. Most of them report having left for economic reasons.\n\nThey are young and vulnerable to ill-treatment.\n\n\n - Nationals of East African countries (Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan), **[3]** report having left their\n\ncountries of origin because of political persecution, conflict and economic distress. They tend to transit\n\nquickly through Libya on their way to Europe.\n\n\n - Nationals from outside Africa usually originate from non-neighbouring Arab countries. They are often\n\nfleeing conflict and are more prone to travel as family units. They tend to be skilled and have a higher level\n\nof education. Syrians, Palestinians and Iraqis form the bulk of respondents from this group.\n\n##### \u2022 [Trafficking for sexual exploitation seems to be increasing, affecting Nigerian and Cameroonian women in particular.] \u2022 [The number of Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC)] [4] [ travelling alone in Libya is rising, now ]\n\nrepresenting some 14% of total arrivals in Europe via the Central Mediterranean Route, mainly from Eritrea, The\n\nGambia and Nigeria.\n##### \u2022 [Dire economic circumstances, a lack of job opportunities, the political and security situation and human rights ]\n\nabuses are the main reasons for refugees and migrants in Libya to leave their countries of origin.\n##### \u2022 [Not all those coming to Libya intend to go to Europe: about half of them claim they wish to remain there either ]\n\npermanently or temporarily, before returning to their countries of origin. Most of those who intend to stay are drawn\n\nto the country\u2019s job opportunities. However, the lack of stability, security and rule of law, the economic crisis and\n\nwidespread abuse and exploitation pushes some of these to also attempt to reach Europe.\n\n\nSmuggling\n\n##### \u2022 [Almost all refugees and migrants coming to Libya irregularly seek the help of smugglers or criminal networks. ]\n\nOnly migrants from Sudan, Niger and Chad traveling to Libya for seasonal work sometimes cross the border\n\nwithout.\n##### \u2022 [Smuggling can take very different forms, from highly-structured, hierarchical transnational organisations to ]\n\nloosely-connected, informal, horizontal networks.\n##### \u2022 [The smuggling industry is currently undergoing rapid expansion in Libya. Smuggling networks are dynamic, in ]\n\nconstant evolution and, it would appear, increasingly professional.\n##### \u2022 [Smuggling networks can involve a variety of stakeholders and intermediaries. Sea crossings are often organised ]\n\nfrom coastal areas by different smuggling networks than those who help people to move up through the country\n\non land.\n##### \u2022 [Armed groups dominate the smuggling and trafficking business. Their profiles and tribal backgrounds vary ]\n\naccording to the region and specific leg of the journey.\n\n\n**3.** Note that Sudan also falls into the category \u201cneighbouring countries\u201d. Some refugees and migrants from Sudan intend to cross\nto Europe and can be found along the same smuggling routes as refugees and migrants from East Africa, while others come as\nneighbours to work in Libya for a while before going back to their country. **4.** UASC refers to children (persons under the age\nof 18) who are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for them.\n\n\nMixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### \u2022 [Smuggling costs for refugees and migrants fluctuate based on factors including nationalities, perceived economic ]\n\nstatus, the level of service required and the smuggling network itself.\n##### \u2022 [Respondents indicated that smuggling prices to and through Libya have increased (reportedly by at least 30%) ]\n\nin the past couple of years, due in part to the clear deterioration of the security situation in Libya, the multiplication\n\nof smuggling intermediaries and the high inflation, liquidity and foreign currency crises in Libya.\n\n\nThe Journey\n\n\nThere are a wide array of routes, price scales and quality options for refugees and migrants in Libya. However, two\n\nprincipal types of journey are evident:\n##### \u2022 [\u201cOrganised\u201d journeys are akin to a complete travel package deal from country of origin to country of destination.]\n\n\n - The whole journey is taken care of by a transnational, structured smuggling network. Those smuggled\n\nare provided with basic accommodation and food, and do not deal directly with intermediaries.\n\n\n - Costs for this type of journey are particularly high (often around USD 5,000 from the country of origin to\n\nthe Libyan coast). Refugees and migrants pay for the whole trip at once, in some cases through\n\ninternational wire transfers from relatives or community members in Europe or America.\n\n\n - This type of journey is mostly undertaken from East Africa.\n\n\n - People on an organised journey usually transit through Libya as quickly as possible on their way to Europe\n\nand seldom stop in Libyan cities. The trip from their countries of origin to the coast usually does not take\n\nlonger than two to three weeks.\n\n##### \u2022 [\u201cStep-by-step\u201d journeys are fragmented into several legs, and are organised by refugees and migrants ]\n\nthemselves.\n\n\n - Different smugglers are used for each leg of the journey. Refugees and migrants pay the smuggler in\n\ncharge of each leg separately in cash before departure. Food and accommodation are often not included.\n\n\n - Those travelling stop between each leg of the journey to work or receive money from relatives to fund the\n\nnext leg.\n\n\n - The overall journey from country of origin to the Libyan coast takes much longer than the \u201corganised\u201d\n\nversion, often several months.\n\n\n - This type of journey is mostly undertaken by West and Central Africans.\n\n\n - Smugglers might know each other and redirect their clients to the next person they need to carry on with\n\ntheir journey. However, they are not part of structured and hierarchal smuggling networks.\n\n\n - Step-by-step journeys are generally significantly cheaper than organised journeys, yet prices vary widely.\n\n##### \u2022 [Most refugees and migrants interviewed in Libya said they learned about the route and its risks from friends, ]\n\nacquaintances or members of their community. Levels of information vary according to the country of origin, but\n\noverall, a significant number of respondents knew little about details such as how long it the sea journey to Europe\n\nwould take or how much it would cost.\n\n\n**4** Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Routes within Libya\n\n##### \u2022 [The main entry points into Libya have not changed in recent years. Refugees and migrants from East Africa ]\n\nusually cross the Sudanese border south-east of Kufra, while refugees and migrants from West and Central\n\nAfrica mostly arrive from Niger to the south of Sebha. Other entry points include Ras Jedir at the Tunisian border,\n\nGhat or Ghadames at the Algerian border, and Salloum at the Egyptian border.\n##### \u2022 [The routes within Libya have evolved since 2013, however, with the northeast of the country now largely avoided ]\n\nbecause of recurrent fighting. At the time of research, people rarely passed through or stopped in Benghazi or\n\nAjdabiya and those going from East Africa to the Libyan coast travelled through the Kufra area to Bani Walid\n\ndirectly, or to Sebha.\n##### \u2022 [Those transiting now stop less than they used to. They are also less inclined to stay for long periods of time in ]\n\nthe south of Libya, due in part to the many conflicts that the region has known in the past few years.\n##### \u2022 [Tripoli remains the main city people stop in to seek work and ways to reach Europe. However, Bani Walid is ]\n\nemerging as a new stop-off point en route to the coast. In the South, Sebha is the preferred hub, while transit\n\nthrough Kufra city has decreased.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### MIXED MIGRATION IN THE SOUTH\n\n\n\nRefugee and Migrant Communities\n### **INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND**\n\n\n\nRefugee and Migrant Communities\n\n\n##### \u2022 [Refugees and migrants usually only stay a few days to a maximum of two months in the South before heading ]\n\n\n\nfor northern Libya.\n##### \u2022 [Respondents in the southern cities of Sebha, Kufra, Gatrun, Murzuq, Ubari and Ghat reported staying in shared ]\n\naccommodation in specific neighbourhoods, depending on the tribal background of the smugglers used.\n##### \u2022 [Relatively few refugees and asylum seekers reside in the South.] [5] [ Most refugees and asylum seekers settled in ]\n\nLibya (as opposed to transiting through it) are Palestinians, Syrians and Iraqis who arrived many years or\n\ndecades ago. They are employed and well-integrated, and usually live in northern urban centres.\n##### \u2022 [People on organised journeys transiting through the South stay for very short period of times in ]\n\nsmuggler-controlled locations often on the outskirts of cities, and are particularly vulnerable. They are barely\n\nvisible and difficult to reach.\n\n\nVulnerabilities\n\n##### \u2022 [People travelling along the western or eastern routes to and through Libya face harsh environmental conditions, ]\n\na lack of rule of law and prevalence of criminal networks, unsafe means of transportation (pick-up trucks and\n\nrubber boats for instance), and minimal or no access to food, water and medical support.\n##### \u2022 [Along the route, they often fall victims to extortion and ill-treatment including being insulted, beaten, robbed, or ]\n\ndetained until they paid more money. Some end up being subject to trafficking, forced labour, sexual violence\n\nand exploitation.\n##### \u2022 [In Libya, respondents cited additional issues \u2013 many of which attributable to the current instability \u2013 such as: ]\n\ninsecurity and armed violence, racism and discrimination against people of sub-Saharan origin, lack of livelihood,\n\naccommodation, healthcare and education opportunities, as well as the degradation of the economic situation.\n##### \u2022 [Vulnerabilities vary depending on country of origin. ]\n\n\n - In the South, Sudanese, Nigeriens and Chadians are reportedly mostly settled, integrated and therefore\n\nless vulnerable. Syrians, Palestinians and Iraqis in the North are in a comparable situation: they are\n\nusually well settled but they do face specific difficulties such as administrative obstacles when renewing\n\nofficial documents.\n\n\n - Eritreans, Somalis and Ethiopians are usually only in transit through the South, in most cases using\n\n\u201corganised journeys\u201d offered by transnational and structured smuggling networks. They are vulnerable\n\nbecause they are under the constant control of smugglers during their stay in Libya and it is difficult for\n\nthem to reach support organisations. They are thought to be at particular risk of trafficking, as trafficking\n\nnetworks that operate in North Africa tend to offer the kind of full package journeys they purchase.\n\n\n**5.** Note that this key finding is specific to refugees and asylum seekers, as opposed to migrants.\n\n\n**6** Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The high cost of the \u201corganised journey\u201d packages also means that large debts may be built up, increasing\n\nthe risk of exploitation and coercion for debt repayment.\n\n\n\n\n- West and Central Africans seem to be the main victims of abuse and ill-treatment by smugglers and the\n\n\n\nlocal population. They are usually younger than other refugees and migrants, less educated, less skilled\n### INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND and possess fewer resources.\n\n\n\nlocal population. They are usually younger than other refugees and migrants, less educated, less skilled\n\n\n\nand possess fewer resources.\n\n\n\nSupporting Refugees and Migrants in the South\n\n##### \u2022 [Support to refugees and migrants is very limited in the South. Local civil society organisations (CSOs) struggle ]\n\nto operate and only a few provide services to refugees and migrants. Due to the multiple conflicts, most\n\nnon-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international organisations (IOs) have left the region. Support by\n\nthe Libyan authorities and public agencies is also scarce.\n##### \u2022 [While some refugee and migrant communities have unofficial representatives, there were only three official ]\n\ndiplomatic missions open in the South at the time of the research. **[6]** Some respondents indicated being reluctant\n\nto interact with these for a variety of reasons, including conditions in their country of origin, irregular entry or\n\npresence in Libya or reports that some official representatives might collaborate with smugglers. Of note here\n\nis that refugees would not normally seek consular protection and assistance from the authorities of their country\n\nof origin. Depending on the root causes and specific circumstances of flight, contacting diplomatic or consular\n\nauthorities might put refugees at risk.\n##### \u2022 [Approximately half of respondents in Libya declared having been directly supported by other refugees and ]\n\nmigrants in the country.\n##### \u2022 [A large majority of refugees and migrants interviewed in Libya had access to a functioning phone at all times, ]\n\nregardless of their country of origin, and communicated regularly with their relatives. Internet access, on the\n\nother hand, was far less widespread and more irregular.\n##### \u2022 [Numerous gaps were identified in service delivery and assistance, including direct humanitarian and medical ]\n\nassistance and protection against trafficking and other human rights violations. The availability of information\n\non the rights of refugees and migrants was also severely lacking as was legal and other support with\n\nadministrative processes, such as obtaining/renewing official documents.\n\n##### CONCLUSIONS\n\n\nMixed migratory movements to Libya and from Libya to Europe appear to have significantly increased in 2016.\n\nWhile it is difficult to predict the evolution of migration flows, considerations that factor into the decision of refugees\n\nand migrants to make their way to Libya irregularly and stay in the country or leave for Europe can be categorized.\n\nLooking at these indicators, it seems likely that Libya will remain the main transit hub for refugees and migrants\n\nto reach Europe from Africa in the coming years.\n\n\n**6.** The only consulates functioning in the South at the time of research were those of Chad, Nigeria and Mali, all located in Sebha.\n\n\nMixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research", - "confidence": 0.6607704758644104, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8301137089729309, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant communities", - "confidence": 0.6003035306930542, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Main Changes in Recent Years\n\n\n\nWith the deepening of the political and security crisis in Libya since 2013, migration dynamics in the country have\n\n\n\nknown significant evolutions:\n### INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND \u2022 [Routes and transit hubs within Libya have changed. People no longer travel through the northeast of the country ]\n\n\n\nknown significant evolutions:\n\n\n##### \u2022 [Routes and transit hubs within Libya have changed. People no longer travel through the northeast of the country ]\n\n\n\nand Bani Walid has emerged as a new hub.\n##### \u2022 [Countries of origin and profiles of refugees and migrants have evolved. In particular, flows from West Africa ]\n\nhave increased, involving individuals usually travelling \u201cstep-by-step\u201d.\n##### \u2022 [Refugees and migrants are less likely to seek to settle in Libya or stop in Libyan cities for more than a few weeks ]\n\n(in particular in the South).\n##### \u2022 [The smuggling industry has grown increasingly professional and transnational smuggling organizations further developed.] \u2022 [Armed groups play an increasingly dominant role in the smuggling industry.] \u2022 [Smuggling prices have generally risen. ] \u2022 [Refugees and migrants making the journey to and within Libya are more vulnerable, while support services ]\n\nhave decreased and the security situation has deteriorated. In particular, fewer CSOs, NGOs and IOs are able\n\nto continue actively supporting refugees and migrants on the ground, especially in the South.\n\n\nSome aspects have remained unchanged however, including the routes people take to reach Libya, entry points\n\ninto the country and the fact that all flows are mixed, involving individuals from very different backgrounds and\n\nwith different motivations travelling alongside each other in search of safety, protection or livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nImplications of Lack of Service Provision and Protection of Refugees and Migrants\n\n\nThe recent evolutions identified above have implications for protection and service provision from the international\n\ncommunity, such as the following.\n##### \u2022 [Since those travelling through Libya are highly mobile, they would be best reached through mobile teams. In ]\n\nthe South in particular, vulnerable individuals tend to be difficult to reach and to stay in the region for short\n\nperiods of time only, thus a permanent centre would not be, in its own, sufficient to answer their needs.\n##### \u2022 [Smugglers of different backgrounds use different roads, tracks, transit cities and neighbourhoods within Libya, ]\n\nso protection interventions must cover large geographical areas, rather than just targeting specific cities.\n##### \u2022 [As routes and transit hubs within Libya may evolve quickly given the extreme volatility of the political and security ]\n\ncontext, operational locations need to be regularly re-assessed.\n##### \u2022 [Refugees and migrants have become less visible, in particular those traveling on \u201corganised journeys\u201d, who ]\n\nremain under the control of smugglers throughout their stay in Libya and are usually held in private locations\n\non the outskirts of cities. This means cooperation with local civil society is essential to access vulnerable\n\nindividuals and provide them with support \u2013 especially given that the international community is often forced to\n\noperate remotely due to the current instability in Libya.\n##### \u2022 [Refugees and migrants are often unable to reach out for support themselves, because they do not have freedom ]\n\n\n**8** Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of movement, they experience a language barrier, they lack reliable information on support available, or they\n\nare concerned about the intentions of those providing support. It is therefore necessary to proactively reach out\n\nto them and supplement information centres with methods of dissemination that work with current dynamics.\n##### \u2022 [Since migration flows are mixed and specific circumstances in Libya make it difficult to distinguish refugees, ]\n\nasylum seekers and migrants, comprehensive response and referral mechanisms are paramount.\n##### \u2022 [Humanitarian interventions need to be coordinated across borders routes from countries of origin to destination ]\n\nsince the risks and vulnerabilities of migrants are not particular to the countries they find themselves in.\n##### \u2022 [Given the current political context in Libya, refugees and migrants who came regularly to Libya or whose situation ]\n\nwas regularized in the past need support renewing official documentation.\n\n##### RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNHCR AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS SUPPORTING REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS IN LIBYA\n\n\nDirect Humanitarian Assistance for Refugees and Migrants in Libya\n\n##### \u2022 [Provide direct relief in the form of mobile joint interventions in key hubs in the South (Sebha, Ubari, Gatrun, ]\n\nMurzuq, Bani Walid, Rebyana, Tazerbu, and Kufra for instance), where assistance could be delivered weekly\n\nor bi-weekly.\n##### \u2022 [In addition to health care, food and non-food items (e.g. hygiene kits), direct assistance should include ]\n\npsychosocial support, counselling services and temporary shelter.\n##### \u2022 [Accompany border monitoring and rescue operations (after conducting due diligence checks) to provide support ]\n\nto refugees and migrants stranded in the desert, while raising awareness of patrols of the human rights, needs\n\nand vulnerabilities of refugees and migrants.\n##### \u2022 [Provide support to local communities/stakeholders on the management of human remains in accordance with ]\n\ninternational standards.\n##### \u2022 [Support the renewal of documentation and other administrative processes, in particular for established ]\n\nnon-national communities in Libya and those who wish to remain in the country.\n\n\nInformation Sharing and Referrals for Refugees and Migrants in Libya\n\n##### \u2022 [Inform refugees and migrants about support provided by the different organisations active on the issue, their ]\n\nrights, as well as available legal pathways to protection or migration.\n##### \u2022 [Establish referral mechanisms to CSOs, INGOs, IOs and authorities and maintain an updated roster of those ]\n\nactively providing support.\n##### \u2022 [Support the establishment of self-help support mechanisms and trustworthy community networks, committees ]\n\nand organisations of refugees and migrants in Libya.\n\n\nMixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### \u2022 [Provide information on the risks of irregular migration by sea or land as well as policy changes in transit countries ]\n\nand in Europe to allow refugees and migrants to make informed decisions.\n##### \u2022 [Engage with diaspora communities in destination countries to encourage them to communicate on available ]\n\n\n##### \u2022 [Engage with diaspora communities in destination countries to encourage them to communicate on available ]\n\nlegal pathways and protection services, the risks of irregular movements and living conditions in Europe in order\n### INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND to manage expectations. [7]\n\n\n\nlegal pathways and protection services, the risks of irregular movements and living conditions in Europe in order\n\n\n\nto manage expectations. **[7]**\n\n\n\nAdvocacy and Awareness Raising for Libyan Authorities and Citizens\n\n##### \u2022 [Promote the development of a migration management framework that is sensitive to the protection needs of ]\n\nrefugees and other vulnerable populations; advocate for the decriminalisation of irregular migration.\n##### \u2022 [Advocate for the development of a functioning asylum system in the country, including early identification of ]\n\npersons in need of international protection, adequate reception facilities, durable solutions, and clear allocation\n\nof roles and responsibilities of the different institutions in charge of migration and asylum.\n##### \u2022 [Advocate on the necessity to prosecute smugglers and enforce laws against trafficking.] \u2022 [Continue efforts with authorities to ensure that the certificates] [8] [ given by UNHCR are respected and provide the ]\n\nprotection that they should.\n##### \u2022 [Raise the awareness of authorities in direct contact with mixed migration flows about the legal differences ]\n\nbetween refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, and imperative of respect of the human rights of all.\n##### \u2022 [Advocate for decent conditions in detention facilities as well as for alternatives to detention, with an immediate ]\n\npriority being the release of those most vulnerable.\n##### \u2022 [Conduct awareness-raising media campaigns targeting the general public in Libya with information about ]\n\nrefugees and migrants and their rights, to reduce racism, discrimination, exploitative practices and\n\nmisconceptions.\n##### \u2022 [Encourage civil society to engage more with refugees and migrants, in particular in the case of CSOs already ]\n\nactive with internally displaced persons (IDPs).\n\n\n**7.** Note that these recommendations can only be truly efficient if they go hand in hand with the development of legal alternatives\nto irregular migration and enhanced access to international protection when necessary. **8.** In Libya, UNHCR provides basic\ndocumentation following registration in the form of Attestation Certificates mentioning that the bearer is a person of concern to\nUNHCR. In 2016, a total of 1,850 individuals were registered and therefore provided with Attestation Certificates.\n\n\n**10** Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba6c0864-12d0-3e2b-992c-5855136dc83c/595a02b44.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_116/raw/doc_116_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_116/raw/doc_116_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b7e1dd3cbc9d9edf8eb5bab18a05b89a44039518..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_116/raw/doc_116_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,193 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COMMISSARIAT HIGH** **POUR LES COMMISSIONER** **REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES** **BACKGROUND PAPER**\n\n### **ON** **THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN**\n# **RWANDA**\n\n## **UNHCR** **CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH** **GENEVA, JANUARY 2000**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n**1. REVIEW OF THE GENERAL HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION** 1\n\n\n**2. THE SITUATION IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES** 3\n\n\n**3. THE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT** 4\n\n\n**4. GENERAL RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS** 5\n\n\n**4.1 VULNERABLE GROUPS** **12**\n\n\n**5. THE VILLAGISATION POLICY** 13\n\n\n**BIBLIOGRAPHY** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **1. Review of the General Human Rights Situation [1]**\n\nSecurity in Rwanda has improved since the Rwandan Patriotic Army\u2019s (RPA)\nintervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly in the\nNorth-West region. The war in the DRC permitted the RPA to fight the rebel militias\nthat have been operating in the North-West Rwanda since 1997. However, a harsh\nrepression of Hutu civilians, who are perceived as potential allies of the rebellion, was\nimposed by the Rwandan army. The RPA has been accused of using excessive force\nin its attempt to suppress the insurgency. [2]\n\nSince the beginning of 1999, there have been growing accusations of government\ncorruption and self-enrichment. In February 1999 and again in January 2000, the\ngovernment was reshuffled and those dismissed accused of corruption and\nincompetence.\n\nNational political leaders also removed four members of the National Assembly,\ncharging them with involvement in the genocide, links to the insurgency, or\ncorruption. [3] Other parliamentarians were obliged to resign or simply removed. At the\nend of 1999, one third of the National Assembly was replaced, all by individuals\ndesignated by party leaders. Ministers were also affected, in particular the one not\nbelonging to the ruling RPF. [4] During 1999, the President and the Prime Minister were\nboth accused of participation in the genocide, but remained in power and were not\nbrought to trial.\n\nIn July 1999, the entire Supreme Court was replaced, after the judges were removed\nor pressured to resign, reportedly charged with responsibility for the stagnation of the\njudicial system. [5]\n\nIn March 1999, the government organized the first elections at the two most local\nlevels, Cell and Sector. The elections were carried out by lining up behind candidates.\nNo political parties were allowed to contest the elections. Nearly 90 percent of adult\nRwandans voted. Reportedly, in some places soldiers and civilian authorities used\nforce or threats to try to compel hesitant persons to vote or to stand for office. [6]\n\nIn mid-1999, the National Assembly extended the period of the transition government,\nestablished with the Arusha Accord, by another four years.\n\n\n1 This paper is an update of the December 1998 UNHCR Background Paper on Rwanda prepared by\nthe Centre for Documentation and Research (CDR). This paper focuses on the human rights situation in\nthe country during 1999.\n2 European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation, _Rwanda Country Survey_, 1999.\n3 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n4 Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), _Country Report_, 4th Quarter 1999, 8.\n5 United Kingdom Home Office, _Rwanda Country Assessment_, September 1999.\n6 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ ; and EIU, _Country Profile 1999-2000_, 10.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Rwanda Country Survey_", - "confidence": 0.8812153339385986, - "start": 462, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation", - "confidence": 0.9681732058525085, - "start": 454, - "end": 461 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1999", - "confidence": 0.8577558994293213, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\nAlthough ready to concede citizens a limited voice in local government, authorities\nfailed to consult them about decisions of national policy that were central to their\nlives, such as the imposition of the villagisation programme. [7] Over the years, the\ncurrent government demonstrated a lack of interest in establishing a broad political\npower base and in processes leading to power-sharing. Instead, gradual exclusion of\nHutu opponents from the top political levels, as well as in the administration and in\nthe judiciary, added to the current conflict potential. [8]\n\nIn December 1998, the Secretary of State to the Minister of Interior, one of the highest\nplaced Hutu post-1994 returnee in the Rwandan government, fled the country after her\nbrothers were arrested on charges of aiding the insurgents. [9] Shortly after, the Minister\nof Justice also left for exile, reportedly after his efforts to curb military interference in\njudicial decisions had failed. [10]\n\nOn 10 July 1999, a court in Rushashi, Kigali, sentenced four people to death in the\nfirst trial of suspects accused of playing a role in the two-year insurgency that killed\nthousands in the country\u2019s North-West. Six people were given life sentences; seven\nothers jail terms ranging between one and twenty years while seven others were set\nfree. [11]\n\nOn 23 December 1999, at least 31 people were killed and eight others wounded in a\nrebel attack against a village of displaced people in Gisenyi. The attackers came from\nthe Eastern region of the DRC. The attack was blamed on the former Rwandan Armed\nForces (ex-FAR) and on _Interahamwe_ militia.\n\nThe international community, still burdened by guilt over the genocide, ignored\nreports of abuses and supported the Government of Rwanda generously, hoping to\nachieve stability in the region. During 1999, foreign aid paid for about 45 percent of\nthe budget. [12]\n\nIn the DRC, by June 1999, the Congolese rebels, supported by Rwanda, Uganda and\nBurundi, controlled large areas in the North and East of the country. Africa led efforts to\nfind a negotiated settlement, with President Frederick Chiluba of Zambia chairing a series\nof summits under the auspices of the Southern African Development Community. On 10\nJuly 1999, Heads of State of the countries involved in the war, signed a cease fire\nagreement in Lusaka. Following further negotiations, the rebels Movement pour la\nLiberation du Congo (MLC) signed on 1 August and the Rassemblement Congolais pour la\nD\u00e9mocratie (RCD) on 31 August. However, the cease-fire has not been thoroughly\nenforced.\n\n\n7 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n\n[8] European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation, _Rwanda Country Survey_, 1999.\n\n[9] EIU, _Country Report_, 1 [st] Quarter 1999, 13.\n\n[10] Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n11 Reuters News Service, 10 July 1999.\n12 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\nAt the end of 1999, some 42 Rwandan university students were seeking asylum in Uganda,\nreportedly fearing for their lives in Rwanda. The students, born in Uganda from Rwandan\nparents, had moved back to Rwanda after the 1994 genocide and, finding it difficult to\nstudy in French at university level, staged a protest on 16 August 1999 that resulted in some\narrests. The demonstration was against the government policy of the introduction of\nbilingual education system, therefore, they were perceived as opponents of the government.\nThe students stated that an academic issue was politicized and added, \u201c[they] had written to\nthe Prime Minister, a member of the Hutu Mouvement D\u00e9mocratique Republicain (MDR),\nregarding their plight. The government started to say that they were working with the MDR\nand started to call them _Interahamwe_ .\u201d [13]\n\n# **2. The Situation in the North-Western Provinces**\n\n\nAt the end of 1999, the Government of Rwanda had largely defeated the insurgency that\nincluded members of the ex-FAR and _Interahamwe_ militia, which operated in the NorthWestern provinces of Rwanda and in the border region of the DRC for the past eighteen\nmonths. However, according to Human Rights Watch, during this period the Rwandan\ntroops killed thousands of people, many of them unarmed civilians, and forced hundreds of\nthousands of Rwandans to move into government established \u2018villages\u2019. [14]\n\nThe human rights situation in Rwanda deteriorated during 1998, as the Hutu\ninsurgency gathered strength, spreading from the North-Western regions of Gisenyi\nand Ruhengeri to the central region of Gitarama. The RPA continued to use brutal\ntactics throughout 1998 and killed hundreds of civilians in the course of fighting the\ninsurgents. [15] The number of disappearances rose sharply during the same period. [16]\n\nAs part of its effort to suppress the insurgency and to reduce local support to the rebels, the\ngovernment moved hundreds of thousands of people in the two North-Western provinces\ninto supervised camps.\n\nIn connection with the security situation in the North-West, in August 1998, the\nGovernment of Rwanda invaded the DRC, purportedly to ensure its state security. The\nGovernment of Rwanda accused President Laurent D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila of instigating\ngenocide against Tutsis in the DRC, and of providing military training for 10,000\nRwandan Hutu rebels. This move threatened further escalation of the conflict within\nRwanda\u2019s borders. After having destroyed Hutu rebel bases near the border in the Kivu\nregion, the government sent troops hundreds of miles into Congolese territory.\n\nThe war in the DRC interrupted the supply lines of the militia active in the NorthWest Rwanda, and security in this area greatly improved during the course of 1999.\nIntense operations by the RPA combined with disillusionment with the insurgency\ndrove thousands of people who had abandoned their homes to return to the relatively\nsafer areas controlled by the RPA. [17] The Government of Rwanda encouraged some of\nthese returnees to settle temporarily in makeshift camps and centres where their\n\n\n13 Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), _Students Claim Ruling Party \u201cPoliticizing\u201d_\n_Education_, 17 December 1999.\n14 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n15 U.S. Department of State (USDOS), _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n16 Amnesty International, _Annual Report_, 1999.\n17 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\nsecurity could be better assured. In December 1998 the United Nations Office of the\nHumanitarian Coordinator (OCHA) estimated that there were 625,713 displaced\npeople in Ruhengeri and Gisenyi Provinces.\n\nAt the end of 1998, with the improvement of the security situation, the government ordered\nthe displaced to relocate once more to officially designated \u2018villages\u2019 on the line of the\nvillagisation policy conducted by the government. Applied to the situation in the NorthWest the programme appeared to be primarily directed to reduce the likelihood of a new\ninsurgency. By late 1999, 94 percent of the people in the North-West who had been in\ncamps had been moved into villages. Others, who were still in their own homes, had been\nordered to destroy them and move to the new sites, where they had to live in temporary\nshelters while building new houses. Persons who resisted these orders were fined or\nimprisoned. [18]\n\nThe rebels\u2019 control over the Kivu region in DRC, and the improved security situation\nled to a reduction of incursions of armed infiltrators into North-West Rwanda and a\ncorresponding decline in alleged reprisals by the RPA. However, reports continued of\nthe security services beating suspects, as well as continuing to use arbitrary arrest and\ndetention. [19] Reportedly, 49 persons, mostly women and children, were killed by the\narmy on 4 and 5 May 1999, after fleeing into the Volcano National Park. [20]\n\n# **3. The National Legislative Context**\n\n## **Gacaca**\n\nThroughout 1999, Rwandan authorities discussed the establishment of a new form of\npopular justice based on \u2018gacaca\u2019 a customary system for conflict resolution. Judges would\nbe elected at the level of cell, sector, commune and province. The \u2018gacaca\u2019 courts will have\njurisdiction to decide prosecutions brought against offender in the second, third and fourth\ncategories established in the 1996 Genocide Law [21], over crimes committed since October\n1990. Those accused of crimes from the least serious category, the fourth, would be tried at\nthe cell level, those of category three at the sector level, and those of category two at the\ncommune level. There will be no appeal of decisions taken by the \u2018gacaca\u2019 courts at the cell\nlevel, whereas appeals will be permitted at the level of sector and commune. Appeals would\nbe heard at the level of the province. Those accused of category one crimes would be tried\nin the usual formal court proceedings.\n\nPrisoners will be tried in public before the entire community. Drawing on the recollections\nof the accused and the villagers, the judges will compile a list of those who died in the\ngenocide and of those responsible. The accused will then be judged and sentenced.\n\n\n18 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n19 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n20 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_\n_prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights_, A/54/359, 17 September\n1999.\n21 In the first category of genocide offenders are those who planned and directed the 1994 genocide.\nThe second comprises those who personally killed, acting on orders. The third category is for those\nwho caused physical injury and rape. In the fourth category are those who destroyed property. Each\nprisoner is assigned a category at trial.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\nThe system raised concerns among the international community as it might violate\ninternational human rights standards. The system does not allow for appeals against\ndecisions made by the \u2018gacaca\u2019 courts at the cell level. It also provides no safeguards for the\naccused, such as the right to legal counsel. [22] \u2018Gacaca\u2019 is not a judicial process and even less\nan adversarial system, therefore, human rights observers insist that a way must be found to\nensure that a defendant does not stand alone before his accusers.\n\nOther reasons of concerns are the public nature of the process, which could lead to\nintimidation, and could for example refrain women to give evidence in public about\nsensitive subjects like rape. Concerns have also been expressed by genocide survivors that\nwitnesses might be killed. In addition, there is fear that the release of a large number of selfconfessed _genocidaires_ will bring personal vendettas.\n\nAccording to observers, is difficult to predict what will be the outcome of this process. The\nsystem would entail a traumatic process of recollection that will induce the Hutu population\ninto a collective admission of responsibility. The common reason from peasants who\nadmitted killing their Tutsi neighbors has often been that they did so in the context of the\nwar. Few Hutus have attempted to come to terms with their guilt, partly because they fear\nretaliation from the Tutsis, now in power. [23]\n\n# **4. General Respect for Human Rights**\n\n\nThe human rights situation in Rwanda continues to be affected by the repercussions of\nthe armed conflict of October 1990 to July 1994, which culminated in the genocide\nthat is believed to have taken up to a million lives. It is also linked to the security\nsituation throughout the Great Lakes region.\n\nThe violent conflict in the North-West of the country during 1997, 1998 and partly\n1999, between the Tutsi-led national army and Hutu-militias had contributed to\nexacerbate the division along ethnic line between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi\nminority, since 1994 in power.\n\nThe actions by the RPA in the North-West, in the course of their activities to control\nthe insurgents, increased friction between the security forces and the Hutu population.\nThe RPA used brutal tactics and killed thousands, including civilians, for political and\nsecurity reasons, but also simply as a revenge tactic. [24]\n\nBy the end of 1999, the authorities were believed to be holding more than 130,000\npeople, the majority on suspicion of participation in the genocide, in overcrowded\nprisons where conditions are harsh and even life-threatening.\n\nThe authorities have also harassed and threatened journalists, while political activity\nand freedom of movement are restricted.\n\n\n22 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n23 The Christian Science Monitor, _Rwanda Attempts and Atonement_, 27 January 2000.\n24 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n## **Security Forces**\n\nThe security apparatus in Rwanda consists of the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) and\nthe Gendarmerie Nationale (GDN), which is largely made up of RPA soldiers. In\naddition, civilian police operates throughout the country. On 21 August 1999, the\ngovernment approved the creation of a new national police force to replace the GDN\nand the Local Defence Force. The initial national police force will be comprised of\n3,500 policemen, who will be selected from the existing soldiers of the GDN, local\ndefence and the public. Those gendarmes who would not be taken on in the new force\nwould have the option of joining the RPA.\n\nOn 3 August 1999, the United Nations Development Program and donor partners\nannounced a $5.5 million programme aimed at strengthening police security in rural\nareas of Rwanda. The programme would provide training and accommodation for\nlocal police.\n\nIn order to improve security at local level, the government revived the so-called Local\nDefence Forces, officially sanctioned paramilitary groups. During 1999, these forces\nincreased to more than 7,000 men. After a brief training, the Local Defence Forces\nare charged with patrolling their neighborhoods to suppress purportedly antigovernment activity, some of them armed with firearms or with machetes. Both Tutsi\nand Hutu are called to serve, some of them against their will. [25] The compulsory\nparticipation in the Local Defence Forces, was one of the claimed reasons for the\nfleeing of refugees to Tanzania in 1998.\n\nThe Special Representative for Rwanda of the Commission of Human Rights, in his\nlatest report, in considering the use of local defense forces urged the government to\nensure that the civil defense patrols be properly controlled and held accountable for\ntheir actions. [26]\n\nAccording to a recent government paper, about 10,000 ex-FAR were absorbed into\nthe army last year.\n\n## **Detention**\n\nDuring the genocide the justice system had completely ceased to function and the\ncapacity of the prison system had been seriously eroded. Tens of thousands of men,\nwomen and children of all ages were arrested and detained in overcrowded prisons\nand communal detention centres (cachots), on suspicion of direct involvement in the\ngenocide or in other crimes against humanity, including massacres perpetrated since\nOctober 1990.\n\nAccording to government statistics, at the end 1999, Rwanda\u2019s overcrowded prisons\nwere accommodating more than 130,000 prisoners, mostly genocide suspects. In\naddition an unknown number were detained in military detention centres to which\naccess to families and other visitors was denied. [27]\n\n25 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n26 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n27 Amnesty International, _Annual Report_, 1999.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\nConditions in many detention centres amount to cruel, inhuman or degrading\ntreatment, due to overcrowding and lack of sanitary facilities. During 1998 more than\n3,300 prisoners died. [28] Conditions in the cachots, the local detention centers, are even\nworst. The cachots are meant to hold detainees for up to 48 hours, until they could be\ntransferred to a prison, in reality detainees had spent years before the transfer could\nmaterialize. According to a report by the League for the Defence of Human Rights in\nRwanda, 85 percent among the cachots population had not been charged. [29] Cases of\ntorture or ill-treatment were also reported, usually at the time of arrest and\ninterrogation, during detention in the cachots and in the military detention centres. [30]\n\nFurthermore, while the right to due process, provided for in Rwanda\u2019s constitution, is\nnot assured, genocide trials continue at such a slow pace that trials for every accused\nperson now held by the authorities are expected to take many years to complete.\n\nIn August 1999, it was announced that more than 1.5 billion Rwandan Francs (4.435\nmillion US dollars) would be spent on feeding those in Rwanda\u2019s overcrowded\nprisons, more than the actual Ministry\u2019s budget. This is down on the 2 billion\nRwandan Francs used in 1998, which the Minister of Justice said had been\ninsufficient and had been supplemented by the International Committee for the Red\nCross (ICRC).\n\nMeasures taken to relieve the pressure on the prisons have proved largely ineffectual.\nOne of these was the provision in the Law on Prosecution for Genocide Offences, of\nAugust 1996, designed to elicit confessions in exchange for reduced sentences for the\nvast majority of those involved in the genocide. Few confessions had been made\nunder the plea bargaining provision of that law, however, the public executions,\nstarted in April 1998, resulted in a sharp increase in the number of applications from\npeople charged with genocide. Because of the slow and cumbersome process of\nhearing confessions and review, only few confessions had been acted upon. [31]\n\nIn a fresh attempt to relieve pressure on the prisons, in October 1998 the government\nannounced plans to release around 10,000 genocide suspects who had no concrete\nevidence against them. Throughout 1999, the government released small numbers of\nsuspects who had incomplete files, or were ill or elderly, and by the end of the year\napproximately 3,500 had been released. However, some of these were subsequently\nrearrested following intense opposition from genocide survivors\u2019 groups, while there\nwere reports of revenge killings of others who had been released. Following the\ncabinet reshuffle on February 1999, the Minister of Justice post was filled by Jean de\nDieu Mucyo, a genocide survivor, giving a clear signal that the government is\nlistening to the protests of genocide survivors and suspects without complete files will\nnow find it harder to obtain their release. [32]\n\n\n28 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n29 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n30 Amnesty International, _Annual Report_, 1999.\n31 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n32 EIU, _Country Report_, 1st Quarter 1999, 12.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\nMeanwhile, the government has undertaken work on new detention centres, which\nremain under construction.\n\nIn addition, due to financial constraints and the increasing numbers of genocide\nsuspects in jails, the Rwandan government has opted for the use of traditional village\ncourts, locally known as \u201cgacaca\u201d, to deal with the backlog of genocide related cases.\n\nIn December 1999, the Parliament approved a law increasing the remand period for\nthose currently in custody on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity. The\ntemporary amendment provided for an 18-month extension of the remand period.\n\n## **Genocide Trials**\n\nThe courts in Rwanda continued to try and sentence genocide suspects throughout\n1999, although at a slow pace. Less than 2,000 persons had been tried since trials\nbegan in December 1996. The plea bargaining provision of the 1996 Law on\nProsecution for Genocide Offences has attracted some 9,000 persons since it entered\ninto force, making little difference in the number of cases resolved. [33] More than 300\npeople have been sentenced to death for genocide crimes, 22 were publicly executed\nin April 1998.\n\nThe judicial system was completely disrupted during the genocide. The management\nof justice has always been not only problematic due to the lack of financial and\nmaterial means, but also highly politicized. Prosecutors, judges and investigators are\npoorly paid and subject to pressure and sometimes to threats from all sides. Persons\nfrom the top to the bottom of society were accused of genocide, anti-Tutsi activities,\nor links to the insurgents whenever personal or political enemies wanted to threaten\nthem. [34]\n\nAccording to the 1996 Genocide Law, the prosecutor of Kigali is charged with\npreparing a list of all persons suspected of crimes that fell in the first of the four\ncategories of possible genocide offenses. A new list was issued in January 2000, it\ncontains 2,133 names, 643 names contained in the first list were removed and 830\nnew names added.\n\nThe International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), criticized for its slowness in\nthe past, in 1999 adopted procedures to expedite trials and established a new panel of\njudges to assist the two already seated.\n\n## **Political Dissidents**\n\nCitizens do not have the right to change their government by democratic means. The\npower-sharing agreement, ratified by the Arusha Accord of 1993, was not fully\nimplemented prior to President Habyarimana's death in April 1994, but it remains the\nbasis of planning. After its military victory in 1994, the RPF brought representatives\nof four opposition parties into the government (MDR, PSD, PL and PCD), but none of\nthese officials were elected. An appointed multi-party national assembly is\nfunctioning with nine political parties represented including the RPF. [35]\n\n33 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n34 Ibid.\n35 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\nPower appears to be concentrated in the hands of a few, all of whom are RPA officers\nor former RPA officers, and any dissent from their authority is not tolerated. After a\nseries of government reshuffles, ministers\u2019 resignation or flight abroad, the legitimacy\nof the Tutsi minority-led government is fragile and undermined by the continuing\ndefections of its Hutu members. [36]\n\nHutus are discouraged from voicing their opinions in the political arena fearing\nretaliation.\n\n## **Freedom of Religion**\n\nApproximately half of the population adheres to traditional animist beliefs, and most\nof the remainders are Roman Catholics, who are estimated to constitute 48% of the\ntotal population. There are also Protestant and Muslim minorities. [37]\n\nThe 1991 constitution provides for freedom of religion and the government generally\nrespects this right. However, priests and nuns have continued to be targeted by\ninsurgents since the 1994 genocide.\n\nThe Church continued to be criticized for its role during the genocide and for not\ntaking a firmer stand against the mass killing, in which some of its clergy have also\nbeen accused of collaboration. On 20 August 1999, the trial against Catholic Bishop\nAugustin Misago began. Misago stands charged with genocide and other crimes\nagainst humanity and faces the death penalty if found guilty. The Vatican sharply\ncriticized the arrest and called for the bishop's release. Misago was the first Catholic\nbishop to be charged with genocide and is being detained at Kigali Central Prison.\n\n## **Freedom of Assembly and Association**\n\nThe constitution provides for freedom of peaceful assembly, but the authorities may\nlegally require advance notice for outdoor rallies, demonstrations and meetings.\nPolitical activity below the level of the executive committees of political parties has\nbeen suspended with the agreement of the parties. The National Revolutionary\nMovement for Democracy and Development (MRNDD) [38] and the Coalition for the\nDefence of the Republic (CDR) [39], both implicated in the planning and execution of\nthe 1994 genocide, have been banned by law.\n\n\n36 European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation, _Rwanda Country Survey_, 1999.\n37 Europa Yearbook 2000.\n38 Mouvement R\u00e9volutionnaire National pour la D\u00e9mocratie et le D\u00e9veloppement, was formed by\nJuv\u00e9nal Habyarimana in 1975, and remained in power until his death in 1994. Sole legal party until\n1991, it drew support from hard line Hutu elements and operates the unofficial militia known as the\n_Interahamwe_ (literally \u2018those who stand together\u2019). Many of its leaders were among the main\norganizers of the genocide. It was banned by the RPF in 1994 from participation in transitional\ngovernment and legislature.\n39 Coalition pour la D\u00e9fense de la R\u00e9publique, was formed in Kigali in 1992. It was an extremist Hutu\norganization, allied to the MRNDD and operated an unofficial militia known as _Impuzamugambi_\n(literally \u2018those who have only one aim\u2019), which together with the _Interahamwe_ participated in the\ngenocide.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\nAs part of the Arusha Accord, the remaining political parties agreed to refrain from\npartisan public debate during the five-year transitional period, due to end in 1999 and\nthen extended for other four years.\n\n## **Freedom of Expression and Media**\n\nWhilst the constitution provides for freedom of the press, the government has at times\nharassed the media, including journalists whose reporting was contrary to official\nviews. One journalist was detained for several months after having criticized a\nmilitary officer in print. Another, incarcerated since 1997, was released in mid-1999.\nA third, critical of the authorities, fled Rwanda early in 1999, saying that his life had\nbeen threatened. [40]\n\nThere are several privately-owned newspapers, the government-owned Radio\nRwanda, and a sporadically operating television station. However, the biggest\nobstacle for the media is the legacy of distrust that persists form the genocide.\n\nA new press law is currently under discussion in the National Assembly.\n\n## **Freedom of Movement**\n\nThe constitution provides for freedom of movement, foreign travel, emigration and\nrepatriation, and the government has generally respected these in practice. However,\nRwandans are linked to their communes by a system of compulsory registration and\nidentity cards. This restricts freedom of movement and it also serves as a barrier to a\nflexible labor market and economic development. [41]\n\nInsurgent warfare and ethnic violence since 1990, which again intensified during 1997\nand 1998, particularly in the North-Western area of Rwanda, exacerbated the problem\nof displaced persons and refugees, and made whole regions virtually inaccessible. In\naddition, the outbreak of the rebellion in the DRC in August 1998 brought a fresh\ninflux of Congolese refugees to Western Rwanda.\n\nRegarding the return of Rwandans refugees from the DRC during 1999, the\ngovernment stated that it believes that up to 2,000 rebels, members of the militia\ngroup umbrella Palir (Peuple en Arme pour Lib\u00e9rer le Rwanda), have entered the\ncountry. Clearly, the RPA regards the last refugees remaining in Congo to be those\nclosely associated with the ex-government and the _Interahamwe_ militia. [42] Local\nhuman rights organizations reported instances of harassment and disappearances of\nnewly arrived returnees from DRC. The Special Representative for Rwanda of the\nCommission on Human Rights reported that according to interviews conducted by the\nLeague for the Defence of Human Rights in Rwanda, eight women and four young\ngirls claim to have been raped by government soldiers at a reception center in Gisenyi.\n\n\n40 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ ; and United Nations Commission on Human Rights,\n_Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_, 17 September 1999.\n41 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n42 EIU, _Country Report_, 4th Quarter 1999, 12.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\nThe League also claims that several returnees have failed to arrive in their\nCommune. [43]\n\nA further development during 1998 was the reported refusal of the Government of\nRwanda to issue its newly devised passport to some citizens, or to allow some citizens\nto leave the country, in contravention of the International Covenant on Civil and\nPolitical Rights, which Rwanda has ratified. [44]\n\n## **Human Rights Organizations, the National Human Rights** **Commission and the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission**\n\nRwandan human rights organizations, weakened by the death or flight into exile of\nsome of their leaders in 1998, grew stronger during 1999. The trial observers team of\nthe Rwandan League for Human Rights (LIPRODHOR) provided a continuing record\nof genocide trials and evaluated the conduct of the proceedings. However, in general\nhuman rights groups do not have basic human rights education, are constrained by\nlack of financial means and are not able to report regularly.\n\nThe National Assembly adopted, in January 1999, the law creating the National\nHuman Rights Commission, which was finally constituted in May 1999. The\ncommission is composed of seven members named by the government and elected by\nthe National Assembly. Only the President and one other member had any previous\nhuman rights experience and government officials outnumbered representatives of the\ncivil society. [45]\n\nAccording to the law, the Commission is independent and has the objective to\ninvestigate and follow up on human rights violations committed by anyone on the\nRwandan territory. In particular, the functions of the Commission are to sensitize and\ntrain the Rwandans population in matters of human rights. In the exercise of their\nduties, the members of the Commission are subject only to the jurisdiction of the\nSupreme Court. [46]\n\nIn October 1999, a public round table was convened by the Commission to facilitate a\nwide exchange of experience and expertise from personalities invited from other\nnational human rights institutions. The Commission will have to elaborate its work\nplan and priorities.\n\nDespite the creation of the Commission for Human Rights, critics remained concerned\nabout human rights violations as they maintained that the government-controlled\ncommission would confine its activities to human rights violations against Tutsis\nwhile ignoring those against Hutus. [47]\n\nThe National Assembly also established the National Commission for Unity and\nReconciliation. Functions of the Commission are to conceive and disseminate ideas\n\n43 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n44 United Kingdom Home Office, _Rwanda Country Assessment_, September 1999.\n45 Human Rights Watch, _World Report 2000_ .\n46 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n47 Europa Regional Surveys of the World, _Africa South of the Sahara_, 2000, 874.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\nand initiatives aimed at promoting peace among Rwandans and to inculcate the\nculture of national unity and reconciliation\n\n## **4.1 Vulnerable Groups**\n\n\n**Ethnic Minorities**\n\nBefore the 1994 genocide, an estimated 85% of citizens were Hutu, 14% were Tutsi,\nand 1% were Batwa. The subsequent mass killings and migrations affected the ethnic\ncomposition of the population, but the extent of the changes is unknown.\n\nTutsis who survived the genocide continued to face a very different situation\ncompared to those returned from exiles, who have managed to secure privileged\npositions in the towns. While the government is described as a Tutsi regime, the\ndisparity between the urban and rural dwellers is striking, and the new power elite of\nthe towns has little to do with the poor rural Tutsi.\n\nHutus continued to be attacked indiscriminately. Despite the government's public\ncommitment to ethnic reconciliation, the precarious security situation, particularly in\nNorth-Western Rwanda, had led many Tutsis, especially in the RPA, to attack Hutus\nindiscriminately in any repressive operation after an insurgent attack. Even Hutu\ncivilian administrators, chosen by the present government, have been threatened or\ndismissed from their posts as suspected accomplices in attacks. Returning Hutu\nrefugees appear to have been branded with a collective guilt for the genocide. The\nHutu insurgents were reported to have pressed-ganged hundreds of their own ethnic\ngroup into death squads, killing those who refuse to join, which underlines the\noverriding political motivation of the insurgency.\n\nHutu returnees continued to be subject to a high level of control and the reintegration\nprocess seems to be proceeding very slowly. In such circumstances of increased\nsegregation, there seems little hope of ethnic reconciliation and an integrated\nsociety. [48]\n\n\n**Women and Children**\n\nViolence against women has continued since the 1994 genocide. [49]\n\nWife-beating and domestic violence are normally handled within the context of the\nextended family and rarely come before the courts. Despite constitutional provisions,\nwomen also continue to face serious discrimination. They have only limited\nopportunities for education, employment and promotion, while the absence of\nsuccession laws limits a woman\u2019s right to property, thus jeopardizing her status and\nability to provide for her family should she survive her husband. This omission has\nbeen particularly burdensome since the genocide, as widows are very numerous and\nsurviving male relatives, who would normally inherit and provide for them, are\nrelatively few.\n\nMore than 50,000 children were separated from their parents during the 1994\ngenocide and national upheaval. Many who are still children remain in the care of\n\n\n48 United Kingdom Home Office, _Rwanda Country Assessment_, September 1999.\n49 USDOS, _1998 Country Report on Human Rights Practices_, Rwanda.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\nfoster families or international organizations. According to government figures 85,000\nchildren have become head of household after the genocide.\n\nAlthough the penal code prohibits the imprisonment of children with adults, there are\nhundreds of children incarcerated with adults throughout the prison system, in\nconditions which are said to be harsh and even life-threatening.\n\nChildren have also been affected by ongoing hostilities primarily in the North-West of\nRwanda. Women and children were also believed to be among the Hutu militia\nresponsible for these atrocities. The Rwandan government has accused the rebels of\nforcing children into operating their complex propaganda and courier system, thereby\nexploiting the children's knowledge of particular areas and their ability to avoid\ngovernment lines.\n\n# **5. The Villagisation Policy**\n\n\nIn 1997, the government started the implementation of the \u2018villagisation\u2019 policy,\nwhich consist in resettling Rwandans returned from outside the country and the\ninternally displaced in villages, called _imidugudu,_ refusing to allow them to live in the\ndispersed homes customary in Rwanda. According to the government, this policy\nwould promote economic development and improve delivery of services to the\npopulation. It would also be easier to organize security for the population. The 1993\nArusha peace accords had also introduced the concept of villagisation for the\nreturning refugees who had been living in exile for many years.\n\nConcerns were raised by the international donor community, citing reports of coerced\nrelocations, disappointing experiences in other countries and a lack of population\nparticipation in the process. [50] According to a study published by Wageningen\nUniversity in the Netherlands, populations had little or no choice to regroup, with\nfines imposed on non-participants. The study concluded that the government \u201chad\nhidden aims\u201d and \u201cits compulsory nature could contribute to long term social\ntension\u201d. [51] The donors stressed the need for planning, popular consultations and for\nequitable distribution of land in order to avoid human rights violations. Another\nconcern is agricultural productivity and food security. A recent survey by the\ngovernment and United Nations agencies suggests that the distance from the new sites\nto the fields is contributing to an alarming fall in food production and that only 53\npercent of the respondents were able to farm its own land. [52]\n\nIn the North-West, where the major concerns about the policy were raised, the\ngovernment continued its controversial villagisation programme, which involves\nforced settlement of displaced people in rural towns. [53] About 620,000 people\ndisplaced by the conflict were resettled in 351 _imidugudu_ sites.\n\n\n50 IRIN, _Focus on Villagisation_, 13 October 1999.\n51 Ibid.\n52 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, _Report of the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda_,\n17 September 1999.\n53 EIU, _Country Report_, 1st Quarter 1999, 7.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14\n\n\nAt the end of 1999, about 94 percent of the population of Kibungo province, 60\npercent of Umutara, 40 percent of Kigali Rural, and smaller numbers in other areas\nare living in _imidugudu_ sites. [54]\n\nDespite the resistance of the international community, according to analysts, once the\nvillages are in place and their needs become apparent, the international assistance will\nprobably start \u201cwith donors arguing that the villagisation is a _fait accompli_ in which\nthey had no hand and that humanitarian concerns are paramount.\u201d [55]\n\n\n54 IRIN, _Focus on Villagisation_, 13 October 1999.\n55 EIU, Country Report, 1st Quarter 1999, 7.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03590e89-b949-3279-8090-29fe77ac119d/5A90CEF120119A91852569140066B949-rwanda00.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_117/raw/doc_117_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_117/raw/doc_117_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e67bb4feeffb30ccb10d3cc8d4f983ade81f0a0f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\n\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u064b\u0627 \u0640\u0640\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u06292024 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644", - "confidence": 0.5076964497566223, - "start": 473, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6757298707962036, - "start": 1221, - "end": 1223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646", - "confidence": 0.8280169367790222, - "start": 1207, - "end": 1208 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/945ad768-f289-4247-bf32-f494470c1c15/%5BAR%5D%20Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0640 \u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0640 \u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645 \u0640 \u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0640 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0640\u0640\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0640\u0640\u0633\u0639\n\n#### \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u0640\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0645 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629:\n##### \u0629 400,000 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0640 \u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0640 \u0629 \u0641 \u0640 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0640 \u0649. \u0647\u0646 \u0640 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064b \u0640 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641 \u0640 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0629. \u064a\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639 \u0640 \u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0640 \u063a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0640 \u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0640 \u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0641 \u0640 \u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0640 \u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0640 \u0629 \u0641 \u0640 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0629\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u063140", - "confidence": 0.6804221868515015, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7195489406585693, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6325499415397644, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/945ad768-f289-4247-bf32-f494470c1c15/%5BAR%5D%20Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\n\n### **\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629**\n##### **\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064b\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064516 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06312.342 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a2024 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u062a** **\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.19 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a**\n\n### **\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629**\n\n\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u064f\u062a\n\n\u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.\n\n\n[MENAreporting@unhcr.org :\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644](mailto:MENAreporting%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/945ad768-f289-4247-bf32-f494470c1c15/%5BAR%5D%20Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_118/raw/doc_118_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_118/raw/doc_118_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e75c87b93c61eaa6f77019fb29d7f26b0fd2172..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_118/raw/doc_118_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UNHCR\u2019s recommendations to the** **Republic of Bulgaria for its** **Presidency of the Council of the** **European Union (EU)**\n## A time for solidarity\n### January - June 2018 [1]\n\n**Republic of Bulgaria / A family in the reception and registration centre, Voenna Rampa district, Sofia**\n\n**\u00a9 UNHCR / Nikolay Stoykov**\n\n\nThe Republic of Bulgaria will hold the Presidency of the Council of the\nEuropean Union (EU) at a critical time.\n\n\nMore than one year after the adoption of the September 2016 New York\nDeclaration for Refugees and Migrants, [2] EU Member States (MS) and\ninstitutions are in the process of concretizing the Declaration\u2019s principles. They\nare also following up on the commitments to a comprehensive approach to\nasylum and migration issues made as part of the Comprehensive Refugee\nResponse Framework (CRRF). Discussions are on-going as to how solidarity\nand responsibility-sharing can best be organized at the global level, and how\nto effectively extend protection to those in need while supporting refugeehosting countries.\n\n\nAspects of these discussions are of particular relevance for internal EU policies,\nparticularly at a time when EU institutions and MS are reflecting on possible\nlessons to be drawn from the 2015-2016 refugee situation, as well as reforming\nthe Common European Asylum System (CEAS).\n\n\n1 The present recommendations should be read together with UNHCR\u2019s _Better Protecting Refugees in the EU and Globally_ December 2016\nproposals, available at: [http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html, as well as with UNHCR\u2019s more detailed commentaries on the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html)\nEuropean Commission\u2019s proposals to reform the Common European Asylum System.\n2 UN General Assembly, _New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants : resolution / adopted by the General Assembl_ y, 3 October 2016,\n[A/RES/71/1, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These priorities are part of the following set of UNHCR\u2019s recommendations to\nthe Bulgarian Presidency. The recommendations cover four complementary\nareas, in line with the comprehensive approach to asylum and migration issues\npromoted by UNHCR in its Better Protecting Refugees proposals [3] to EU\ninstitutions and MS.\n\n#### **1. An EU that is engaged beyond its borders**\n\n\n**a. Paving the way for the adoption of the Global Compact on Refugees**\n\n\nThe Bulgarian Presidency will have a key role in following up on the\ncommitments set out in the September 2016 New York Declaration in order to\nadvance consultations leading up to the adoption of the Global Compact on\nRefugees, expected during the 73rd session of the UN General Assembly in\nSeptember 2018.\n\n\n\n\n\n**b. Developing and strengthening safe and legal pathways for persons in need**\n\n**of international protection**\n\n\nWith an estimated 1.2 million persons in need of resettlement globally in 2018,\nEU MS need to continue expanding and strengthening safe and legal pathways\nfor persons in need of international protection that are responsive to global\n\n\n3 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Better Protecting Refugees in the EU and Globally: UNHCR\u2019s proposals to rebuild trust_\n_through better management, partnership and solidarity_ [, December 2016, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/58385d4e4.html)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection needs. [4] Work on the Union Resettlement Framework [5] is ongoing,\nand the Bulgarian Presidency will have an important role in advancing these\ndiscussions. In parallel, the European Commission (EC) is likely to present the\nresults of its \u201cFitness check\u201d on legal migration during Bulgaria\u2019s Presidency.\nThese results will provide an opportunity for EU MS to further reflect on ways\nto develop and strengthen safe and legal pathways.\n\n\n\n\n\n**c. Enhancing protection in the Western Balkans as part of the pre-accession**\n\n**process**\n\n\nImportant progress has been made in the Western Balkans to reinforce asylum\nsystems. However, action is needed to further strengthen access to solutions\nfor refugees in the Western Balkans; for example, by focusing on fair and\nefficient asylum procedures and integration opportunities. In addition, further\nefforts are needed to prevent and address statelessness.\n\n\nOn 17 May 2018, the EU-Western Balkans Summit will be organized in Sofia,\nBulgaria, under the auspices of the Bulgarian Presidency. The Summit could\nprovide an opportunity to discuss strengthening protection-sensitive systems in\nthe region.\n\nFurthermore, the EC is likely to release the next Enlargement package during\nBulgaria\u2019s Presidency. The package will notably assess where candidates and\npotential candidates in the Western Balkans stand in implementing key reforms\nas part of the pre-accession process, including those in the fields of judiciary\nand fundamental rights (Chapter 23) and justice, security and freedom\n(Chapter 24). These two chapters, _inter alia_, are of particular relevance for\naccess to territory, identification, protection and assistance systems pertaining\nto asylum-seekers, refugees and stateless persons.\n\n\n\n\n\n4 To note, UNHCR called on EU MS to resettle 40,000 persons in 2018 in response to global resettlement needs. Separately, in September\n2017, UNHCR called on all resettlement States (European and non-European) to make 40,000 additional resettlement places available for\nrefugees located in 15 priority countries along the Central Mediterranean route.\n5 European Commission, _Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Union Resettlement_\n_Framework and amending Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council_, COM(2016) 468 final, 13 July 2016,\navailable at: [https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/resettlement_system_en.pdf)\n[implementation-package/docs/20160713/resettlement_system_en.pdf.](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/resettlement_system_en.pdf)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**d. Following up on the Grand Bargain commitments to reduce individual donor**\n\n**assessments**\n\n\nOne of the commitments made by donors as part of the Grand Bargain at the\nWorld Humanitarian Summit, and on which UNHCR is co-leading follow-up\nwork, was to reduce individual donor assessments of UN Agencies\u2019 operational\nand Headquarters activities. Individual donor assessments have proliferated in\nrecent years, and a large share thereof were conducted by EU MS. Council\ndiscussions would provide opportunities to explore how EU MS could reduce\nthese assessments.\n\n#### **2. An EU that is prepared**\n\n\nThe 2015-2016 refugee situation has exposed the need for better\npreparedness. In that context, the EC proposal to render the elaboration of\ncontingency plans mandatory is welcome. [6] These will need to be\ncomprehensive, and cover, among other aspects, reception capacity.\nContingency plans need to be complemented by efficient emergency\nmanagement mechanisms, including at EU-level. This includes streamlining\ncooperation platforms, and ensuring that EU Agencies are equipped to\neffectively perform their tasks.\n\n\n\n\n\n6 See European Commission, _Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down standards for the reception_\n_of applicants for international protection (recast)_, COM (2016) 465 final, Article 28, Brussels, 13 July 2016, available at: [http://eur-](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0465)\n[lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0465.](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0465)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **3. An EU that protects**\n\n**a. Upholding protection standards within the EU**\n\n\nDespite the existence of the CEAS, standards and practices continue to vary\nwidely throughout the EU. UNHCR has consistently noted that the standards\nand practices of some EU MS are at variance with international law. It is crucial\nthat EU MS implement the current asylum _acquis_ to ensure quality reception\nconditions and fair and efficient procedures. This includes providing asylumseekers with an effective opportunity to swiftly lodge their asylum claims,\nensuring adequate reception conditions, as well as guaranteeing that asylum\nprocedures, including timeframes, are in line with applicable EU law. It also\nmeans that detention should only be resorted to as an exceptional and last\nresort measure, when determined to be necessary, reasonable, and\nproportionate to a legitimate purpose, with alternatives to detention effectively\navailable and accessible, and with prompt judicial review mechanisms in place.\nChildren should not be detained for immigration-related reasons. Comparable\nconditions throughout the EU would notably contribute to supporting the full\nand effective implementation of the Dublin Regulation, [7] as well as to reduce\nirregular onward movement and the risks of sexual and gender-based violence.\nIn this context, facilitating prompt and effective family reunion within the EU\nunder the Dublin Regulation, including through the use of its \u201cdiscretionary\nclauses\u201d, should remain a priority. [8]\n\n\n\n\n\n**b. Ensuring a well-managed access to the EU\u2019s protection space**\n\n\nImportant discussions are being held as to how solidarity and responsibilitysharing can best be organized at the global level as follow-up to the adoption\nof the September 2016 New York Declaration and in the lead-up to the adoption\nof the Global Compact on Refugees envisaged for 2018. UNHCR has been\ndeeply grateful for the important contribution of EU MS and institutions in these\ndiscussions and indeed in support of the practical application of the CRRF.\nHowever, UNHCR notes with concern that aspects of the EC proposals to\nreform the CEAS and further discussions at EU-level appear to be focusing on\n\n\n7 European Commission, _Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the criteria and mechanisms_\n_for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States_\n_by a third-country national or a stateless person (recast), COM(2016) 270 final,_ Brussels, 04 May 2016, available at:\n[https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-270-EN-F1-1.PDF.](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-270-EN-F1-1.PDF)\n8 For evidence-based information on current practice on family reunion under the Dublin Regulation, and recommendations to MS for the\nefficient implementation of the Dublin Regulation as well as for its reform, see UNHCR\u2019s recently published study _Left in Limbo: UNHCR Study_\n_on the Implementation of the Dublin III Regulation_ [, August 2017, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/59d5dcb64.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59d5dcb64.html)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "procedures entailing the possibility of shifting protection responsibilities outside\nof the EU. This includes the possible introduction of mandatory admissibility\nprocedures, which would take precedence over family reunion possibilities, and\nmaking greater use of safe country concepts. Depending on how they are\nactually developed and presented, such an approach may risk being at odds\nwith the commitments to global responsibility-sharing made by EU MS and\ninstitutions under the September 2016 New York Declaration.\n\nInstead, UNHCR suggests that EU MS continue to focus on improving asylum\nprocedures within the EU. Those procedures need to be complemented notably\nby a functioning return system, in order to maintain the integrity of the EU\u2019s\nasylum space. Such return systems would obviously need to respect important\nsafeguards, including respect for the principle of _non-refoulement_ as well as\nthe due consideration of humanitarian and statelessness-related aspects.\n\n\n\n\n\n**c. Fostering intra-EU solidarity**\n\n\nSituations in which a small number of EU MS bear disproportionate\nresponsibility are unsustainable. They often have significant negative\nimplications on the availability and quality of protection responses. This goes\nhand-in-hand with substantial human and material costs, as well as important\npublic policy challenges. Greater intra-EU solidarity needs to be fostered.\nDespite the formal end of the emergency relocation mechanism, the EC has\nindicated its readiness to support voluntary relocation from Greece and Italy. In\naddition, the reform of the Dublin system provides an opportunity to embed an\nintra-EU solidarity component into the CEAS.\n\n\n9 European Commission, _Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common procedure for_\n_international procedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32,_ COM(2016) 467 final, Brussels, 13 July\n2016, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-467-EN-F1-1.PDF.](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-467-EN-F1-1.PDF)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**d. Protecting refugee children**\n\n\nThe 2015-2016 refugee situation exposed gaps in the migration and asylum\nsystems of many EU MS when it came to the protection of children. Further\nefforts are needed to develop an approach driven by the best interests of the\nchild in order to ensure that children are properly identified, registered,\nprotected, and that durable solutions are offered to them. This is particularly\nimportant for unaccompanied and separated children, who are exposed to\nserious protection risks during their journeys, including exposure to smuggling\nand trafficking networks.\n\n\nIn that context, it is key to continue to build on the momentum provided by the\nrelease of the April 2017 EC Communication on the Protection of Children [10] to\naddress those gaps, while reforming the CEAS in a way that is mindful of the\nprotection needs of children, including when unaccompanied or separated.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 European Commission, _Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, COM(2017)211 final,_ Brussels,\n12 April 2017, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/20170412_communication_on_the_protection_of_children_in_migration_en.pdf)\n[migration/20170412_communication_on_the_protection_of_children_in_migration_en.pdf.](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/20170412_communication_on_the_protection_of_children_in_migration_en.pdf)\n11 Council of the European Union and European Parliament, _Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16_\n_December 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals_, 16 December\n2008, available at: [http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:348:0098:0107:en:PDF.](http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:348:0098:0107:en:PDF)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**e. Strengthening the identification, registration and protection of stateless**\n\n**persons**\n\n\nThe December 2015 Council Conclusions on Statelessness [12] encouraged\naction and exchanges of information and good practices, including in the area\nof identification of stateless persons. The CEAS reform provides an opportunity\nto ensure that EU asylum rules provide for the adequate identification,\nregistration and protection of stateless persons in the EU. In addition, building\non the momentum created by the introduction of a statelessness determination\nprocedure in its own country, UNHCR would be grateful to the Bulgarian\nPresidency for showing leadership in ensuring that the issue of statelessness\nremains on the EU\u2019s agenda. This would be an important achievement to\nshowcase at the High Level Event on statelessness to mark the halfway point\nof the #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness, which UNHCR will organize\nin October 2019. In that context, EU MS will be encouraged to share\nachievements, good practices and pledges.\n\n\n\n\n#### **4. An EU that integrates**\n\nA safe and secure status is key for refugees\u2019 effective integration in their new\ncommunities. UNHCR welcomes the position of the Council, as it does that of\nthe European Parliament, in opposing the introduction of mandatory and\nsystematic status review as part of the Qualification Regulation. [13] However,\nother aspects of the CEAS proposals could have a negative impact on the\nability of refugees to effectively integrate. These include provisions that could\nlead to differing integration outcomes for persons with refugee status and\nbeneficiaries of subsidiary protection, as well as the introduction of restrictive\nfamily definitions, with family unity being a key aspect for refugee integration.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, December 2017\n\n\n12 Council of the European Union, _Council_ _Conclusions_ _on_ _Statelessness_, 4 December 2015, available at:\n[http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/04-council-adopts-conclusions-on-statelessness/.](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/04-council-adopts-conclusions-on-statelessness/)\n13 European Commission, _Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on standards for the qualification of third-_\n_country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for_\n_subsidiary protection and for the content of the protection granted and amending Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003_\n_concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents_, COM(2016) 466 final, 13 July 2016, available at:\n[https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_on_beneficiaries_of_international_protection_-_subsidiary_protection_eligibility_-_protection_granted_en.pdf)\n[package/docs/20160713/proposal_on_beneficiaries_of_international_protection_-_subsidiary_protection_eligibility_-](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_on_beneficiaries_of_international_protection_-_subsidiary_protection_eligibility_-_protection_granted_en.pdf)\n[_protection_granted_en.pdf.](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_on_beneficiaries_of_international_protection_-_subsidiary_protection_eligibility_-_protection_granted_en.pdf)\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89fd779d-5f4c-340f-9390-a23bf5f85815/5a33c40f4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_119/raw/doc_119_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_119/raw/doc_119_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 84d6fe273421380bb4fe86f773e689df77bf29e1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_119/raw/doc_119_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Today [over 65 million people are forcibly displaced, including 22.5 million refugees, many of whom have been](http://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html)\ndriven from their homes by a historic rise in conflict and violence. The global responsibility to respond to this mass\nmovement has largely been shouldered by a small number of countries hosting refugees and other forcibly displaced\nas well as donors providing support to them.\n\n\nThe EU is a central partner to address forced displacement globally and assist the forcibly displaced and their hosts\nabroad and at home. With progressive policy frameworks in place [1], the EU seeks to find political solutions to the root\ncauses of forced displacement, to ensure the operationalization of the humanitarian and development nexus and to\npursue a development-led approach to forced displacement. Moreover, the EU has put mechanisms into place which\naddress forced displacement through a whole of institution approach.\n\n\nThese encouraging trends speak to the principles of the [New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants.](http://www.unhcr.org/new-york-declaration-for-refugees-and-migrants.html)\nThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) considers the EU as an important actor in the\nimplementation of the New York Declaration\u2019s Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) and of the\nfuture global compact on refugees (GCR). The GCR is a historic opportunity to apply a new global approach to\nrefugee situations. It seeks to bring humanitarian and development aid, economic and legal measures, as well as the\nresources of refugees and hosting communities themselves together so refugees and their hosts can be better in\ncontrol of their lives. They can thrive rather than survive and forcibly displaced can stay closer to their home rather\nthan risking their lives in dangerous secondary movements.\n\n\nA key condition for the successful adoption and application of the GCR is the successful mobilization **of predictable**\n**and additional funding** to match renewed efforts of large refugee hosting countries. As a humanitarian donor, the EU\ncontinues to provide reliable financial support to assist people forced to flee and the communities that host them. As\nthe biggest development donor globally, the Union has also taken action and mobilized additional funding under the\nMultiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 2014-2020 to ensure that neither forcibly displaced nor host communities\nare left behind as we progress towards the [2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.](https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld)\n\n\nWhile UNHCR appreciates this increased commitment, it appeals to the EU to use the next MFF 2021-2027 to\nsystematically consolidate and scale up its engagement in forced displacement. Its financial engagement should be\nneeds- and rights-based, and as predictable as possible. This would send a strong signal of the EU\u2019s firm pledge to\ndeliver on the paradigm of global responsibilty-sharing enshrined in the New York Declaration and the future GCR.\n\n\nFurther, the EU\u2019s engagement does not stop at its external borders. Maintaining the integrity and efficiency of\nasylum systems within the EU is also key and represents a major and costly endevaour. As a democratic union,\nfounded on the respect for human rights and the dignity of the person, the EU should, in compliance with its own\nCharter on Fundamental Rights and in particular its founding Treaty, sustain its engagement to ensure that persons\n\n\n1 Selection of EU policies: https://goo.gl/jxadeo; https://goo.gl/pu1zdv; https://goo.gl/7uTTcc; https://goo.gl/Y99nTw.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS ON EU MULTIANNUAL FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK 2021-2027 1/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a34b4759-cad8-388e-8c23-90630d832c07/5ad7602c4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in need of international protection can access and benefit from asylum in Europe. In this context, addressing asylum\nand protection needs (including integration) inside the EU should remain a financial priority of the EU Member\nStates and of the EU itself for its next budetary period from 2021 to 2027.\n\n\nIn light of the above and in addition to the United Nations\u2019 position paper on the European Union\u2019s next MFF,\nUNHCR addresses the following recommendations to the EU for its next MFF :\n\n## ADDRESSING FORCED DISPLACEMENT GLOBALLY\n\n\nRecommendation 1: Mainstream forced displacement across external instruments\n\n\nIn line with the 2030 Agenda, the World Humanitarian Summit and the New York Declaration for Refugees and\nMigrants, the EU\u2019s approach to forced displacement recognizes that only humanitarian, development and political\naction together can address the displacement challenges effectively and holistically. It would therefore be important\nthat forced displacement challenges are mainstreamed across and within all external instruments, from prevention\nand peace-building to the emergency and long-term response and from thematic support to geographic programmes.\nInstruments should be able to respond to the full range of displacement situations (cross-border or internal\ndisplacement; conflict/violence or natural disaster-induced displacement), in a cohesive and coherent manner. This\nwould support partner countries in ensuring that the forcibly displaced and their host communities are not left\nbehind in their progress towards the SDGs. It would also contribute to SDG 10 _\u201cReduce inequality within and among_\n_countries\u201d_ [2] and better respond to displacement easing pressures leading to secondary movements.\n\n\nRecommendation 2: Develop sustainable asylum systems\n\n\nIt is key that EU increases its financial support aimed specifically at developping and strenghening fair and efficient\nasylum systems in non EU-countries, including in EU neighbouring and candidate countries. Such support would\nbe an expression of global solidarity. It would ensure that asylum-seekers are able to access asylum and effective\nprotection in the places where they first seek protection, thus addressing a major driver of dangerous onward\nmovement.\n\n\nRecommendation 3: Ensure support for the eradication of statelessness\n\n\nIn line with SDG 16.9 _\u201cProvide legal identity for all\u201d,_ and considering the nexus between statelessness and forced\ndisplacement, the EU should explicitly provide support to the prevention and reduction of statelessness in third\ncountries. This should include, amongst others, the strengthening of civil registration mechanisms, and the\nestablishment of procedures to provide nationality documentation to individuals with entitlement to it.\n\n\nRecommendation 4: Ensure timely, adequate and needs-driven\nfunding for emergency responses and protracted situations\n\n\nThe next MFF should ensure adequate financing for emergency responses and protracted situations, including\nflexible, un-earmarked, and multi-year funding wherever possible, in line with commitments made as part of the\nGrand Bargain. The next MFF should maintain a **separate instrument** for **EU humanitarian aid** to ensure the\nneutrality and independence of humanitarian action from security and geo-political interests. This would match\n\n\n2 See Target 10.7 _\u201cfacilitate orderly, safe, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation of planned and well-_\n_managed migration policies.\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS ON EU MULTIANNUAL FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK 2021-2027 2/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a34b4759-cad8-388e-8c23-90630d832c07/5ad7602c4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the operational necessity of reaching people in need of life-saving assistance quickly. Welcoming the growing\nmobilisation of development assistance for forced displacement, UNHCR encourages the EU to develop policies\nand guidelines to maximize the European added value of the respective instruments while ensuring that **increased**\n**development assistance** does _not_ lead to a **reduction in humanitarian funding** as long as humanitarian needs persist.\n\n\nThe allocation for the humanitarian aid budget line should **increase to a minimum 2 billion EUR per year** as opposed\nto the current 1 billion EUR annually. When the last MFF was designed in 2012, 62 million people were in need of\nhumanitarian assistance as opposed to 164 million in 2017. [3] EU spending for humanitarian aid in previous years has\nsystematically reached more than 1.5 billion EUR while starting from a lower budget line. A lot of welcome efforts\nhave been undertaken in order to mobilise more funds to answer growing humanitarian needs, using the Emergency\nAid Reserve but also drawing from other EU instruments. However, striving for more efficiency, an increased\nallocation from the start would allow for better planning and more efficient administration of the EU\u2019s financial\nsupport during the year. [4] Some form of standby support to countries facing large crises, for essential functions such\nas reception and registration, should be considered.\n\n\nRecommendation 5: Ensure systematic, predictable and additional development funding\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to translate the [2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promise to leave no one](https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld)\nbehind into impactful financial instruments and budget lines. The EU should **ensure that the specific protection**\n**needs of refugees and the particular impact of forced displacement on host countries and communities are**\n**taken into due account** . Host communities that seek to strengthen policies and institutions for the resilience of\nlocal and forcibly displaced communities require significant, systematic and reliable contributions from donors\nlike the EU to accompany their efforts, until solutions can be found. The **particularities of forced displacement**\n**require well-funded instruments** that improve shock responsiveness, foster host community leadership to enable\nprotection, self-reliance and resilience, and promote evidence based interventions.\n\n\nThe EU\u2019s leadership should translate into systematic, predictable and flexible funding to help **manage the shock**\ncaused by an inflow of forcibly displaced persons. Moreover the next MFF should allow the EU \u2013 the biggest provider\nin development aid globally - to step up its engagement in support of the forcibly displaced, host countries and host\ncommunities, and systematically reflect the impact of forced displacement situations in the design of its external\nactions. This should involve dedicated development resources, **over and above regular development programmes**,\nprovided under favourable terms through both bilateral and multilateral channels, with direct benefits to host\ncountries and communities, as well as to the forcibly displaced. Such resources should provide for crisis response, as\nwell as for the longer-term by, for example, increasing country allocations through reserve funds. This would create\nmore favourable policy outcomes and improve the protection and material conditions of the forcibly displaced in\nhost countries. Further, the next MFF should also enable **systematic development action in favour of countries of**\n**origin** in addition to financing for peace building and state building. This would enable conditions for sustainable and\nvoluntary return, where appropriate.\n\n\nRecommendation 6: Track and showcase EU support\n\n\nIt is hard to evaluate how much EU aid is allocated to assist forcibly displaced and their hosts. A robust tracking\nsystem which monitors EU spending would help to showcase the EU\u2019s continued and possibly increased support\nto address forced displacement. With precise data in place the EU would be able to showcase its engagement as a\nreliable global actor to address fored displacement. It could thus send a strong signal of global responsibiliy-sharing\nto large refugee hosting countries, the key principle enshrined in the future global compact on refugees.\n\n\n3 http://devinit.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/GHA-Report-2017-Executive-summary.pdf\n\n4 Voice \u201cPost 2020 Multiannual Financial Framework. What EU humanitarian aid needs and why\u201d: https://ngovoice.org/publications\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS ON EU MULTIANNUAL FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK 2021-2027 3/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "tracking\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.9699848294258118, - "start": 673, - "end": 675 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "monitors EU spending", - "confidence": 0.5179860591888428, - "start": 676, - "end": 679 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5710378885269165, - "start": 714, - "end": 715 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a34b4759-cad8-388e-8c23-90630d832c07/5ad7602c4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ADDRESSING ASYLUM AND PROTECTION NEEDS INSIDE THE EUROPEAN UNION\n\nRecommendation 7: Invest in protection systems within the EU\n\n\nAs highlighted in the the 2018 [ECRE-UNHCR report \u2018\u2019Follow the money\u2019\u2019 on the use of the EU Asylum, Migration and](http://www.unhcr.org.cy/el/nea/article/b4eb54532e79fea1852bfe60f9332a3b/follow-the-money-a-critical-analysis-of-the-use-of-the-eu-asylum-1.html)\nIntegration Fund (AMIF), EU funding should seek to complement, not to substitute, national envelopes. This would\nensure giving a European added value to EU financing, one of the core principle that should guide EU spending in the\nnext MFF. EU funding should thus aim at investing in protection systems within the EU in a comprehensive manner,\nincluding investment in protection-sensitive border management, establishing reception capacity and common\nregistration and identification systems, developing fair and efficient asylum procedures, establishing systems for\nunaccompanied and separated children, as well as ensuring better preparedness. As per the abovementioned\nreport, UNHCR recommends that at least 20 per cent of the future AMIF be allocated and spent on asylum-related\nactivities. To support the succesful integration of refugees and stateless persons in their host communities in the\nlonger-term, UNHCR recommends that a minimum of 30 per cent of the future AMIF and other relevant structural\ninstruments be allocated and spent on integration measures.\n\n\nRecommendation 8: Foster greater solidarity and responsibility-sharing\n\n\nUNHCR very much welcomes the important contributions that EU institutions and Member States have made\nto increase resettlement to the EU. Yet, in light of the global resettlement needs and the current decrease in\nresettlement spaces available globally, more support is needed. EU funding will therefore be key to support\nadditional resettlement efforts as well as the development of complementary pathways of admission to the EU,\nincluding family reunification. More support to the latter would in particular address some of the drivers of onward\nmovement. Solidarity and responsibility-sharing also need to be supported within the EU. In that context, UNHCR\nfavourably considers the possibility of granting additional funding per person transferred under the corrective\nallocation mechanism of the future Dublin system.\n\n\nRecommendation 9: Support the identification and protection of stateless migrants\n\n\nThere are over 400,000 stateless persons in the EU, including a sizable number of stateless migrants. Future funding\nfor EU Member States needs to explicitly provide support to the identification and protection of stateless persons.\nThis includes, amongst others, support to the establishment of procedures for the determination of statelessness\nand the inclusion of stateless persons as a beneficiary group in all EU funded integration and social cohesion\nprogrammes and projects.\n\n\nRecommendation 10: Foster partnerships and support civil society actors\n\n\nThe partnership principle which is meant to foster consultations among all stakeholders is an important tool for\nensuring a balanced and fair implementation of AMIF funds. It is thus recommended that the partnership principle\nbe made mandatory at national and EU levels. In that context, taking into account the key role played by the civil\nsociety in upholding protection standards and principles, it is recommended that part of the MFF be earmarked for\ncivil society actors. This would be in line with the whole-of-society approach promoted in the GCR.\n\n\nUNHCR, April 2018\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS ON EU MULTIANNUAL FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK 2021-2027 4/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a34b4759-cad8-388e-8c23-90630d832c07/5ad7602c4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_12/raw/doc_12_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_12/raw/doc_12_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b2bde728edb3ce9b268ac230685c35ae559a9edd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_12/raw/doc_12_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,224 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ADVOCACY NOTE** A CRUCIAL NEED TO REINFORCE ACTIONS AGAINST THE GROWING THREAT OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (ED) IN NIGER\n\n\u2018\u2018Access to populations in need in Niger is more than necessary for all actors to relieve the suffering of\nthese populations. However, the use of explosive devices is increasing day by day, making access to\npopulations difficult and continues to increase the number of dead and injured. Particular attention\nshould be paid to incidents related to explosive devices.\u2019\u2019\n\n\n_July 2023_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Background**\nNiger is marked by a humanitarian situation characterized by attacks by non-state armed groups\n(NSAG) in Liptako Gourma and in the Lake Chad basin, which have caused forced displacement of\naround 700,000 people [1] including 400,000 internally displaced people (IDP) [2], 251,760 refugees and\n50,377 returnees. Despite efforts made by the State and its partners, the security situation remains\nworrying in certain localities in the regions of Tillabery, Tahoua, Diffa and Maradi. In 2022,\napproximately 3,821 protection incidents were recorded in these 4 regions and affected 18,408\npeople. During the first half of 2023, the protection situation did not improve despite a lull observed\nin some regions. More than 1,800 protection incidents were recorded from January to June 2023 (on\naverage 955 incidents per quarter in 2022 against 934 during 2023). It is deploring to see the continued\nabuses by the NSAGs including theft and extortion of property, physical assaults, kidnappings, murders,\nsexual violence but also incidents related to explosive devices (ED). The security situation and military\noperations in neighboring countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria), the continuation of NSAG incursions\ninto Niger, the intensification of operations by the Defense and Security Forces (DFS) are all factors\nthat predict the persistence of ED threats in Niger.\n\nIndeed, since 2022, the threat of ED has continued to rage in the regions of Tillabery and Diffa. The\nProtection Cluster recorded approximately 55 ED-related incidents in 2022 (a 34% increase compared\nto 2021). From January to June 2023, 32 ED incidents were reported, representing more than half of\nthe total number of incidents reported in 2022. It is also worth highlighting the problem of food\ninsecurity which affects several departments, including those affected by ED threats. In fact, faced with\nthe effects of food insecurity, communities could resort to negative coping strategies, in particular that\nof venturing into areas affected by ED in search of means of subsistence or even collecting scrap metal\nfound on explosive remnants of war for resale.\nIn the face of a growing threat from ED, mine action capacities remain limited in Niger. Considerable\nchallenges exist both in programmatic actions and in the coordination of interventions. No mine action\ncoordination mechanism is functional either at the national level or in the regions affected by ED. This\nmakes it difficult to strategically harmonize, target and prioritize mine action interventions. The\nobjective of this note is to strengthen advocacy with state authorities, the various technical and donor\npartners in order to support mine action in Niger, protect communities and humanitarian actors\nagainst the risks associated with ED and enable them to enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms.\n\n\n## **II. Analysis of the evolution of ED incidents and their impact**\n\nFrom the last quarter of 2022 to the 2nd\n\nreported mainly in the regions of Tillabery\n\n**2023, which indicates a worrying increase**\n**in the threat of ED in Niger.** This threat\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 UNHCR Niger montlhy PoC statistics, Juin 2023\n2 Population displacement statistics, Ministry of Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management, july 2023\n3 Source : National Commission for the Collection and Control of Illicit Weapons (CNCCAI in french)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "affects civilians more than the military, especially\nin the 2nd quarter of 2023 **(Ref graph3).** In fact,\nthe reported ED incidents resulted in a total of\n132 victims [4] and survivors, most of whom (52%)\nwere civilians (killed or injured). **The percentage**\n**of civilians killed is almost double that of military**\n**killed,** which puts the threat on civilians more\nthan militaries and reflects the need to\nstrengthen mine action within affected\ncommunities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe affected regions are those of Tillabery (areas of the 3 borders in the Sahel) and Diffa (region of the\nLake Chad basin). **The Tillabery region has 7 affected** departments [5] **, and the Diffa region has 4** . A\nminimal number of ED incidents have also been reported in 3 other regions: Agadez, Dosso and Niamey\n( **Ref graph2** ). This situation puts more than 200,000 people at risk of ED incidents in the affected areas.\n\n\nThe prevalence of ED incidents\nrelated also leads to\nrestrictions on the mobility of\ncivilian populations on the\nroads to weekly markets, and\nthe main cities of\ncommunities/departments.\nAbout 36% of those\ninterviewed [6] say they\nencounter mobility constraints\ndue to the activities of the\nNSAGs and military operations.\nThis indicator varies from one\nregion to another. In the\nregions of Diffa and Tillabery,\n56% of respondents say they\nencounter mobility\nconstraints, one of the main\nreasons being the presence of\nED. This considerably limits the periodic supply of households with means of subsistence and\nnecessities in addition to the fear and psychological distress that the unpredictable presence of ED\ninflicts on communities. It is also important to highlight that of the 11 affected departments in the\n\nDiffa and Tillab\u00e9ry regions, 9 (82%) are also affected by the food insecurity [7] . This could exacerbate\n\n\n4 CNCCAI: The disaggregation by sex and age of the 2023 data for victims is not yet available. However, according\nto the Child Protection Sub-cluster, the Child Protection Working Group of the Diffa region recorded 18 child\nvictims of ED in 2022, the majority of whom (74%) are girls who went to look for firewood.\n5 Departments of: Torodi, Say,T\u00e9ra, Tillab\u00e9ry, Gotheye, Bankilar\u00e9 et, Ouallam (r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry) et Diffa,\nBosso, Main\u00e9 et N'Guingmi (region de Diffa)\n6 According to protection monitoring data (P21) 1st semester 2023.\n7 [Food security situation, june 2023](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FVzLNdVSeHdrZ0iNx0YUf2LNiWuO5gBS/view?usp=sharing)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ED incidents", - "confidence": 0.8726436495780945, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tillabery", - "confidence": 0.7032327055931091, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7063620090484619, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.6191365718841553, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 data for victims", - "confidence": 0.7146441340446472, - "start": 382, - "end": 386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "disaggregation by sex and age", - "confidence": 0.8502408266067505, - "start": 375, - "end": 380 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9895362854003906, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7770628333091736, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9276497960090637, - "start": 476, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Diffa region", - "confidence": 0.6392384171485901, - "start": 407, - "end": 409 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8096809387207031, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9220906496047974, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the needs of communities to intensify their coping strategies including livelihood-seeking activities that\nmay expose them to ED risks.\n\n\nThe application of the [sanctions in progress following the coup in Niger could increase the cost of living](https://ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/COMMUNIQUE-FINAL-CINQUANTE-ET-UNIEME-SOMMET-EXTRAORDINAIRE-DE-LA-CONFERENCE-DES-CHEFS-DETAT-ET-DE-GOUVERNEMENT-DE-LA-CEDEAO-SUR-LA-SITUATION-POLITIQUE-AU-NIGER.pdf)\nand increase the vital needs of already vulnerable populations. This new situation would expose them\nto the risk of enrolment in NSAG for a salary and therefore increase the capacity of NSAG in the\ninstallation of ED. In addition, the population could intensify their survival strategies by engaging in\nseveral types of activities to adapt to the high cost of living, including the search for subsistence in\nareas potentially affected by ED. Consequently, an upsurge in ED incidents is very likely.\n\n## **III. Major challenges in mine action interventions (MA)**\n\n\n\nGraph4. Mapping of MA activities, 30 juin 2023\n\n\n\nIn January 2023, the\nProtection Cluster\nlaunched a joint initiative\nof mapping protection\ninterventions including\nmine action. The analysis\nof the data resulting from\nthis mapping combined\nwith the analysis of the\nprotection response\nmonitoring data brought\nout the observation\nbelow:\n\n\n\n\n - Only two protection\nactors have interventions\nin MA which cover only a\nfew localities of the 7 out\nof 11 departments affected by ED **(Ref Graph4 & Gaph2).** 4 out of 11 departments most\naffected by EE remain without any LAM intervention.\n\n - There is a **major gap in Explosive Device Risk Education** (EDRE) interventions in several regions\naffected by ED (Diffa, Tillabery, Dosso, Agadez and Niamey).\n\n - A critical lack of victim assistance is observed in all 11 affected departments ( **Ref Graph5)** .\n\n - Existing capacities have only made it possible to reach about 3,000 people [8] with EDRE\n[activities, representing only 2% of target set in the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP).](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-plan-de-reponse-humanitaire-mars-2023)\n\n - 98% of the HRP LAM target is therefore not reached. In addition, 77% of the funding\nrequirement MA interventions is not met.\n\n - There is also a **lack of human resources dedicated to coordination at national and regional**\n**level, prevention, and assistance to victims** . The MA Sub-Cluster has not been functional since\nthe withdrawal of UNMAS in early November 2022, despite joint coordination efforts between\nCNCCAI and MA actors including Mines Advisory Group (MAG) and Humanity and Inclusion (HI)\n\n\n8 Dashboard des r\u00e9alisations de protection, cluster Protection, Avril 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection response\nmonitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9943178296089172, - "start": 191, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "mapping protection\ninterventions including\nmine action", - "confidence": 0.6086829304695129, - "start": 169, - "end": 175 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MA", - "confidence": 0.5096026659011841, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6564216613769531, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5682000517845154, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "protection\nactors", - "confidence": 0.6036807298660278, - "start": 204, - "end": 206 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **A** **considerable** **need** **for**\n**capacity building in MA** for\nthe various actors including\nfrontline humanitarian actors,\nMA committees is urgently\nneeded.\n\n## **IV. Key recommandations**\n\n\nWith the growing threat of ED, low geographic coverage, and low diversity of MA interventions, more\nthan 200,000 people living in ED affected areas remain unassisted and at increased risk of becoming\nvictims of ED. It is crucial to invest more in mine action to ensure communities receive gender and ageappropriate ED risk education. It would also enable communities to adopt safe behavior and access\ninclusive care services for victims and survivors of ED. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the\nfollowing aspects:\n\n\n1. Advocacy: Strengthen advocacy with the various decision-makers (state authorities, technical\n\nand donor partners) for the return of UNMAS to Niger\n\n\n2. Coordination: Identify additional technical partners who can support MA coordination at\n\nnational and regional level (particularly in Tillabery and Diffa regions)\n\n\n3. Resource mobilization: In 2023 approximately 77% of MA funding requirement is not met. It is\n\nessential to mobilize an amount of USD [9] 2,000,000 to scale up MA coordination, data collection\nby the CNCCAI, ED risks education (EDRE), assistance to victims, demining and MA capacity\nbuilding.\n\n\n4. Collaboration: Strengthen collaboration with the various actors to have a map of the areas\n\naffected by ED in order to intensify training sessions, awareness-raising with both communities\nand frontline humanitarian actors\n\n\n9 [plan de reponse humanitaire/HRP 2023-2025, Niger](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-plan-de-reponse-humanitaire-mars-2023)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annexe 1 :** Some examples of ED incidents _(Sources : Protection Monitoring, CNCCAI, INSO)_\n\n\n - _**20/03/23:**_ _around 8 a.m. the vehicle of a local authority jumped on an improvised_\n_explosive device at Bougoum, Torodi-Niamey axis (Tillabery region)_\n\n\n - _**25/05/23 :**_ _ED in Ngouba at the passage of shepherds. 3 dead and cows killed (Diffa region)_\n\n\n - _**16/06/23**_ _: EE against a DFS vehicle in Chetima Wango. 7 dead / 4 injured (Diffa region)_\n\n\n - _**6/06/23 :**_ _an explosive remnant of war (ERW) exploded against 03 children in the village of_\n_Agali (department/municipality of Dosso). The victims who were looking for scrap metal_\n_probably confused the device with a piece of iron that they hit with a hammer. The explosion_\n_caused the death of a child and 02 injured. It should be noted that the CNCCAI Regional Branch,_\n_which is supposed to coordinate EDRE activities at the regional level, does not exist in Dosso_\n_due to a lack of resources._\n\n\n - _**4/07/2023 :**_ _around 9 a.m., an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) allegedly exploded at the_\n_passage of vehicle of the DFS Niyya operation, who were patrolling on the Torodi-Makalondi_\n_axis, not far from the village of Niaktir\u00e9 (Tillab\u00e9ry region)._\n\n\n**Annex 2:** Testimonials from a Victim of EE Incidents\n\n\n**Story of a 45-year-old man, victim of explosive devices, Toumour commune/Diffa region**\n\n\n_I remember that Sunday, 7_ _[th ]_ _May 2023, Toumour market day. We had agreed with the late Mr. XX to go and get some_\n_food. Early in the morning we took the road. Mr. XX was in front with a cow in his possession that he intended to sell._\n_He was in front of me since the beast kept running. Between us there was about 20 meters. Approximately 2 kilometers_\n_from the community of Toumour we heard a loud unbearable detonation. I fainted waking up only a few hours later at_\n_the Toumour health center. I didn't even know how I had been transported there. I was half deaf. It was then that I was_\n_told that Mr. XX died as well as the cow. I learned that he was the one who stepped on the explosive device. It was truly_\n_terrifying. There was blood running all over my body from the explosion. I was scared, but the nurses made me_\n_understand that it was not that serious._\n\n\n_I was taken care of at the Toumour health center. But later I heard that my family paid money for my treatment. I_\n_overcame my trauma on my own. However, I recognize that, the health workers treated me well and tried to cheer me_\n_up. From the beginning until today, I have made efforts to forget this disaster. But it's not easy. I can't stop thinking_\n_about the late Mr. XX. In addition, today, I am half deaf because I only have one functional ear. I need a consultation to_\n_regain full hearing._\n\n\n_My neighbors come regularly to try to encourage me and help me to hold on. And today thank God, everything is back_\n_to normal except for the slight hearing impairment that bothers me. We have not received awareness raising about ED._\n_Perhaps, this is due to the fact that we lived a little away from Toumour. Currently I am afraid because in such situations_\n_neither my family nor our herd is safe. Everyone is exposed. Especially us nomads who are constantly on the move._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This advocacy note was developed with the contribution of several actors including:\n\n\n**PROCAP Niger**,\n\n\n**Regional Protection**\n\n**Cluster (WCARO)**\n\n### **FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT**\n\n\n**Aliou MAIGA,** Protection Cluster Coordinator in Niger\n\n\n**Email :** [maiga@unhcr.org](mailto:maiga@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Zabeirou Alfazazi**, Protection Cluster Co Coordinator in Niger\n\n\nEmail : alfazazizabeirou@gmail.com\n\n\n**Daniel Thiombiano**, Protection Cluster Co facilitator in Niger\n\n\n**Email** :daniel.thiombiano@drc.ngo\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1613bd92-5065-4c7e-9263-f115ffea540f/1.%20Advocacy%20note%20MineAction%20-%20Niger_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_120/raw/doc_120_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_120/raw/doc_120_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index af18115acee0b47a73a43c6bec842b902dee81c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_120/raw/doc_120_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,319 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## United Nations A/AC.96/1178\n\nDistr.: General\n## **General Assembly**\n4 July 2018\nEnglish\nOriginal: English and French\n\n\n**Executive Committee of the**\n**High Commissioner\u2019s Programme**\n**Sixty-ninth session**\nGeneva, 1 to 5 October 2018\nItem 4 (a) of the provisional agenda\n**Consideration of reports on the work of the Standing Committee**\n**International Protection**\n\n### **Note on international protection**\n\n\n**Report of the High Commissioner**\n\n\n_Summary_\n\n\nThis note reviews developments in international protection from June 2017 through June\n2018. It reflects a pivotal period for persons of concern to UNHCR, and for host countries\nand communities, as the international community has worked towards adoption of a global\ncompact on refugees.\n\n\nThe note is broadly organized around the comprehensive refugee response framework and\nkey elements of the proposed global compact on refugees, recalling the centrality of\nprotection and reflecting relevant developments from a protection and solutions\nperspective.\n\n\nFurthermore, it examines the state of internal displacement worldwide, in the twentieth\nanniversary year of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, as well as the\nsituation of stateless persons.\n\n\nUnless otherwise specified, documents cited in this note are available from\nwww.refworld.org.\n\n\nGE.18-11062(E)\n# \uf02a\uf031\uf038\uf031\uf031\uf030\uf036\uf032\uf02a\uf020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n#### Contents\n\n\n_Chapter_ _Paragraphs_ _Page_\n\n\nI. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1-4 3\n\n\nII. Centrality of protection ........................................................................................... 5-16 3\n\n\nIII. Burden- and responsibility-sharing ......................................................................... 17-20 6\n\n\nIV. Reception and admission ......................................................................................... 21-34 7\n\n\nA. Admission ....................................................................................................... 21-22 7\n\n\nB. Reception and addressing specific needs ........................................................ 23-29 8\n\n\nC. Identification of those in need of international protection .............................. 30-34 10\n\n\nV. Meeting needs and supporting communities ........................................................... 35-42 11\n\n\nA. Education ........................................................................................................ 36-37 11\n\n\nB. Employment and livelihoods .......................................................................... 38-40 11\n\n\nC. Documentation and legal identity ................................................................... 41-42 12\n\n\nVI. Solutions ................................................................................................................ 43-59 13\n\n\nA. Voluntary repatriation ..................................................................................... 44-48 13\n\n\nB. Resettlement ................................................................................................... 49-53 14\n\n\nC. Local integration ............................................................................................. 54-56 15\n\n\nD. Other pathways for admission ........................................................................ 57-59 16\n\n\nVII. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 60 16\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **I. Introduction**\n\n1. In 2017, the number of people forced to flee their countries due to persecution,\nhuman rights violations, armed conflict, violence and public disorder, falling within\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate, rose to 19.9 million \u2013 up from 17.9 million at the end of 2016. In\naddition, 5.4 million Palestinian refugees fell under the mandate of the United Nations\nRelief and Works Agency, while a further 40 million people were displaced within their\nown countries.\n\n2. An upsurge in violence in the Central African Republic, ongoing fighting in the\nSyrian Arab Republic and Yemen, and a combination of conflict and food insecurity in\nSomalia and South Sudan, continued to provoke displacement. Meanwhile, new internal\nand cross-border movements were fuelled by insecurity, including in Burundi, the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Libya, Myanmar, and the northern and central\nparts of Mali. The deteriorating situation in Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) also\ntriggered the movement of Venezuelans across borders, bringing the number who arrived in\nneighbouring countries since 2014 to over 1.5 million. While the peace agreement in\nColombia was a critical step forward, several regions were affected by drug trafficking,\nillegal mining and the presence of armed groups. Violence and serious human rights abuses\nin northern Rakhine State in Myanmar compelled some 687,000 stateless Rohingya to flee\nthe country between August 2017 and April 2018 in one of the fastest-developing refugee\nsituations in two decades. In Afghanistan, violence and insecurity continued to trigger\ndisplacement, undermining the sustainability of returns.\n\n3. Against this background, the international refugee protection regime remains more\nrelevant than ever. In follow-up to the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants\n(New York Declaration), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September\n2016, 2017 saw stakeholders come together in a series of thematic discussions to advance\nideas for the global compact on refugees. Building on over 65 years of law and practice,\nthe early lessons learned from the application of the comprehensive refugee response\nframework (CRRF), and the outcomes of formal consultations with States in 2018, the\nglobal compact will seek to fill recurrent gaps in the international refugee response,\nincluding more equitable and predictable burden- and responsibility-sharing among States,\nthrough a multi-stakeholder approach. The year 2018 is, therefore, critical for refugees and\nfor host countries and communities. Moreover, it marks the twentieth anniversary of the\nGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement.\n\n4. This year\u2019s note on international protection focuses on the centrality of protection,\nwhich has underpinned the preparations for the global compact on refugees. Organized\nbroadly around the key areas of the proposed global compact, it reflects global\ndevelopments from June 2017 to June 2018.\n#### **II. Centrality of protection**\n\n\n5. Protection is central to any humanitarian response and, in practice, entails activities\naimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of individuals, in accordance with international\nhumanitarian, human rights and refugee law. In other words, the humanitarian response\nenhances access to these rights, whether at the outset of an emergency, in protracted\nsituations or in the search for solutions. Protection considerations permeate humanitarian\nactions on behalf of refugees and others in need of international protection, stateless\npersons and the internally displaced. This begins with, but is not limited to, strengthening\nthe legal frameworks through which their rights are secured.\n\n6. The legal framework for the protection of refugees includes, at its core, the\n1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) and its 1967\nProtocol, as well as specific regional instruments. It draws from relevant international\nhuman rights instruments, international humanitarian law and other international legal\nstandards. Consistent with its mandate, UNHCR works with States to support accession to\nthe 1951 Convention and other relevant instruments, and to guide their interpretation and\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\napplication, including through engagement in national and regional legislative and judicial\nprocesses. The Office supported the development of the Arab Refugee Convention by the\nLeague of Arab States, as well as the reform of the Common European Asylum System.\nPromising legislative developments took place through the application of the CRRF,\nincluding in Djibouti and Ethiopia.\n\n7. UNHCR supported the development of national legislation in almost 80 countries.\nIn guiding the interpretation and application of legal protection standards, UNHCR issued\n\u201cGuidelines on international protection on the applicability of Article 1D of the\n1951 Convention to Palestinian refugees\u201d (Guidelines on International Protection No. 13).\nThe Office also issued numerous legal guidance documents and country-specific eligibility\nguidance. In November 2017, UNHCR signed a memorandum of understanding with the\nSouthern Common Market (MERCOSUR) to promote international refugee law and\nadherence to international protection instruments, as well as joint activities for the\nprotection of displaced and stateless persons. Following national consultations with\ngovernments and civil society in the context of the Brazil Plan of Action\u2019s triennial\nevaluation, three sub-regional thematic consultations were held, focussing on the quality of\nasylum, the eradication of statelessness, and comprehensive, complementary and\nsustainable solutions. As a contribution to the development of the global compact on\nrefugees, States in Latin America and the Caribbean issued the \u201c100 points of Brasilia\u201d [1],\ncontaining numerous good practices.\n\n8. UNHCR worked with States and partners on identifying stateless populations and on\ncombatting statelessness, consistent with relevant international instruments, as well as to\npromote actions to end statelessness through its #IBelong campaign. Efforts focused on\nsupporting accession to the statelessness conventions and the reform of nationality laws.\nThe latter included measures to promote equality between men and women on conferring\nnationality to children, for example in Madagascar and Sierra Leone, as well as to simplify\nadministrative procedures, including for civil registration. During the reporting period,\nChile acceded to the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961\nConvention on the Reduction of Statelessness, and Burkina Faso and Luxembourg acceded\nto the latter. Cuba eliminated a residence requirement for the acquisition of Cuban\nnationality for children born abroad to a Cuban parent, and Colombia established a\nmechanism to apply safeguards that prevent children from being born stateless, consistent\nwith regional and international instruments. Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador issued\nregulations advancing efforts to identify and protect stateless persons, and reduce\nstatelessness, including on naturalization. During 2017, a significant number of persons\nwho were stateless or whose nationality was undetermined had their nationality conferred\nor confirmed, including in Indonesia, Iraq, the Philippines and Thailand, as well as in\nvarious countries in Central Asia.\n\n9. At the regional level, the Banjul Plan of Action on the Eradication of Statelessness\n2017-2024, adopted by the Economic Community of West African States and which came\ninto force in June 2017, sets out concrete actions and timeframes. Since coming into force,\nBurkina Faso and Mali have adopted national action plans to eradicate statelessness. In\nOctober 2017, the Member States of the International Conference of the Great Lakes\nRegion signed a Declaration on the Eradication of Statelessness, committing to reform\nnationality laws and policies. A ministerial meeting on belonging and legal identity was\nheld in Tunisia in February 2018, under patronage of the President. Convened by the\nLeague of Arab States, in partnership with UNHCR, the meeting resulted in the adoption of\na declaration calling for children to have the right to a legal identity, as well as for equal\nnationality rights for women and men. Countries hosting Syrian refugees, working closely\nwith UNHCR and partners, succeeded in reducing the percentage of Syrian children who\nwere undocumented from birth, from 35 to 2.5 per cent, over the past five years.\n\n\n1 Available from\n\nwww.acnur.org/fileadmin/scripts/doc.php?file=fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2018/11590.\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n10. Those who have been forced into displacement, but who have not sought or have not\nyet succeeded in reaching safety in another country, also face protection concerns. The\nGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement, established in 1998, continue to provide an\nimportant international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs).\nUNHCR\u2019s engagement in internal displacement dates back more than 45 years and has\nbeen recognized by successive General Assembly resolutions. At the global level, UNHCR\nleads or co-leads the protection, shelter, and camp coordination and camp management\nclusters. It also steers 25 of the 35 country-level protection clusters and other inter-agency\nprotection coordination mechanisms, including in the Central African Republic, Iraq,\nNigeria, South Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic. In September 2017, UNHCR finalized\na review of its engagement in situations of internal displacement, with a view to working\nmore predictably across the spectrum of displacement.\n\n\n11. In Afghanistan, UNHCR strengthened protection for IDPs through in-kind\nassistance, cash-based interventions to cover medical expenses and the provision of legal\naid. In the Americas, UNHCR helped develop local capacities in Honduras to strengthen\nland and property rights and help facilitate solutions, and supported the authorities in El\nSalvador with profiling of IDPs to improve the evidence base and facilitate an effective\nresponse. In Africa, UNHCR worked with partners in the Kasai region of the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo to collect data on IDPs and their vulnerabilities through area-based\nmonitoring, and in the Middle East, the Office supported information campaigns to advise\nIDPs about their right to vote and facilitated voting inside a number of camps and\nsettlements. Ukraine\u2019s efforts to address internal displacement were advanced by the\nadoption of an integration and solutions strategy, with support from UNHCR.\n\n\n12. In some regions, environmental degradation, natural hazards and the adverse effects\nof climate change, including drought, exacerbated and altered the character and complexity\nof displacement, as seen in the Lake Chad basin and the Horn of Africa. Drawing on its\nnormative expertise and operational experience, UNHCR worked with States and partners\nto protect and assist those affected by these phenomena. UNHCR also provided technical\nsupport to the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on\nhuman mobility-related aspects of climate change, including through participation in the\nTask Force on Displacement of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage.\nUNHCR, Georgetown University and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)\ndeveloped a toolbox [2] to support governments with planned relocation processes, for people\nwho are at risk or have been displaced, which are participatory and undertaken from a\nrights-based approach. In light of the increasing attention to displacement related to\nclimate change, disasters and natural hazards, UNHCR commissioned a report on\nchallenges and opportunities in this area. [3]\n\n\n13. The delivery of protection goes beyond promoting the adoption of legal standards\nand includes activities aimed at ensuring their respect in practice. Humanitarian action\nshould not, however, substitute community-based protection mechanisms, but rather\nsupport them, in line with the principles of partnership and accountability. Consultations\nwith persons of concern are essential to ensure their involvement in identifying and\naddressing needs and finding solutions. Such consultations were conducted in operations\nworldwide to inform planning and responses to displacement by States, UNHCR and\npartners.\n\n\n14. UNHCR updated its policy on age, gender and diversity (AGD) in March 2018, to\nensure that persons of concern can participate meaningfully in decisions affecting their\nlives. The policy reflects the fact that displacement and statelessness impact people in\n\n\n[2 Available from http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/environment/596f1bb47/planned-relocation-](http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/environment/596f1bb47/planned-relocation-toolbox.html)\n\ntoolbox.html.\n3 Available from www.unhcr.org/protection/environment/596f25467/unhcr-climate-change-disasters\ndisplacement.html.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\ndifferent ways, and that understanding and analysing personal considerations are necessary\nfor effective responses. The policy proposes concrete actions for implementation and\nmeasuring results in AGD-inclusive programming, including disaggregated data collection;\nparticipation and inclusion; communication and transparency; feedback and response; and\ngender equality in decision-making, community management and leadership. It also covers\naccess to documentation, assistance, economic opportunities, and comprehensive services\naimed at preventing and responding to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).\n\n\n15. Facilitating the participation of refugee youth remained key for UNHCR. The\nUNHCR Global Youth Advisory Council contributed recommendations for the global\ncompact on refugees, including through the thematic discussions in 2017. In the Middle\nEast and North Africa (MENA), UNHCR and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\n(UNICEF) convened national youth consultations involving government officials, civil\nsociety and displaced youth representatives, aimed at identifying opportunities to strengthen\nyouth programming. In Pakistan, the Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas initiative\nfocused on youth empowerment through education, skills training and livelihood support.\nUNHCR\u2019s Youth Initiative Fund supported over 40 youth-led protection projects, focusing\non youth engagement and social cohesion. Sports initiatives are also helping promote\nsocial inclusion and safe spaces for children and youth. This includes the launching of an\nOlympic Refugee Foundation by the International Olympic Committee and the\n#SignAndPass campaign by UNHCR and the Football Club Barcelona Foundation.\n\n\n16. Combatting discrimination and challenging negative gender stereotypes is also\ninextricably linked to protection. UNHCR has carried out initiatives aimed at bringing\nabout social cohesion and bridging cultural divides. This includes supporting refugee food\nfestivals in 13 cities in Europe and continuing its _No Stranger Place_ series, which profiles\nrefugees and their host families through powerful media stories. [4]\n\n#### **III. Burden- and responsibility-sharing**\n\n\n17. At the end of 2017, some 85 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees were hosted in\ndeveloping countries, which faced economic challenges and had the fewest resources to be\nable to respond. The principle of burden- and responsibility-sharing is grounded in\ninternational law and in the recognition that hosting large numbers of refugees often places\nstrains on the affected countries, and that a satisfactory response cannot be achieved\nwithout international cooperation. Broadening of the support base for refugee protection\nacross the whole of society, and among national, regional and international stakeholders,\nremains crucial.\n\n\n18. Welcome progress was seen in applying the CRRF **,** currently ongoing in 14\ncountries. Regional approaches in Africa and the Americas, led by the concerned countries\nwith international support, have demonstrated their effectiveness in addressing both new\nand protracted situations. Consistent with the commitments made in the Nairobi\nDeclaration and Plan of Action in March 2017, the Member States of the InterGovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) continued to pursue a comprehensive\nregional approach to durable solutions for Somali refugees, through more harmonized\nasylum policies, supporting access to public services, developing out of camp policies and\npromoting the right to work. The comprehensive regional protection and solutions\nframework (known by its Spanish acronym \u201cMIRPS\u201d), contained in the San Pedro Sula\nDeclaration of October 2017, provides a mechanism to strengthen protection and enhance\nsolutions through a multi-stakeholder approach and building on regional cooperation and\nburden- and responsibility-sharing mechanisms. In the Middle East, UNHCR and the\nUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP) continued to lead the Regional Refugee\nand Resilience Plan (3RP) for the Syria crisis, coordinating over 240 partners that support\n\n\n4 See www.unhcr.org/en-us/no-stranger-place.html.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nnational responses in the five main host countries. The 3RP, along with the Solutions\nStrategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR), are good models for the application of\ncomprehensive refugee responses.\n\n19. Consistent with the multi-stakeholder approach underscored in the New York\nDeclaration, UNHCR continued to pursue reinforced cooperation with development actors.\nUNHCR\u2019s partnership with the World Bank Group was strengthened, including through an\nagreement to establish a joint data centre on forced displacement. The World Bank\u2019s\nIDA-18 refugee sub-window for lower income countries and the Global Concessional\nFinancing Facility for middle-income countries were instrumental in supporting more\ninclusive refugee policies and strengthening institutions. Welcome developments also\nincluded the publication of guidelines on addressing forced displacement through\ndevelopment planning and cooperation, by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation\nand Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee, as well as the issuance of\na joint UNDP-UNHCR communication setting out parameters for cooperation between the\norganizations. The UNHCR-supported MENA Civil Society Network on Displacement\nconvened consultations on operationalizing and strengthening the \u201cwhole of society\u201d\napproach to promoting protection, assistance and access to solutions.\n\n20. Efforts to engage other actors, such as cities and municipalities, as well as private\nsector partners, also intensified. Under the \u201cCities of Solidarity\u201d initiative in the Americas,\nunderpinned by the Brazil Plan of Action, States developed criteria for designating cities of\nsolidarity. The first meeting of the Refugee Coalition for Europe, which aims to bring\ntogether and give a voice to refugee representatives, was organized with support from the\nMunicipality of Milan and civil society. The private sector, including corporations,\nphilanthropists and foundations, contributed to the discussion, bringing important\nexperience to bear around technology, employment, skills training, renewable energy and\nother areas. Jordan\u2019s Azraq refugee camp became the first refugee camp powered by\nrenewable energy, funded by the IKEA Foundation\u2019s Brighter Lives for Refugees\ncampaign. In November 2017, UNHCR and the European Electric Association agreed to\nwork together to provide reliable, sustainable and clean energy to refugees. With support\nfrom UNHCR, employer and worker groups advocated for refugee, IDP and migrant rights\n[in the process leading to the adoption of Recommendation 205 on Employment and Decent](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:3330503:NO)\n[Work for Resilience and Peace by the International Labour Conference in June 2017.](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:3330503:NO)\nUNHCR signed a letter of intent with the International Chamber of Commerce, focusing on\ncollaboration on infrastructure, education and employment. Chambers of commerce\nworldwide can support the advancement of refugees in accessing the labour market and\nfostering private sector support.\n\n#### **IV. Reception and admission**\n\n\n**A.** **Admission**\n\n\n21. The principle of non-refoulement represents a cornerstone of the international\nrefugee protection regime, prohibiting the expulsion or return of a refugee in any manner\nwhatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his or her life or freedom would be\nthreatened. It requires, as a general rule, that States grant individuals seeking international\nprotection access to the territory and fair and efficient asylum procedures or group-based\nprotection mechanisms, notably in a large-scale influx situation. The principle of nonrefoulement is a logical complement to the right to seek and enjoy asylum recognized in\narticle 14 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the seventieth anniversary of\nwhich will take place in 2018, and is reinforced by non-refoulement obligations under\ninternational human rights law.\n\n22. The principle of non-refoulement and the right to seek and enjoy asylum continued\nto be respected by most States, including by maintaining open-border policies. In Latin\nAmerica, for example, Brazil, Colombia and Peru maintained open borders for those\narriving from Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), as did Bangladesh in receiving refugees\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nfrom Myanmar and Uganda in welcoming those fleeing conflict in South Sudan. At the\nsame time, there were instances where those seeking asylum were unable to do so, either\nbecause they were prevented from leaving or denied admission because they faced physical\nand administrative barriers at borders. In some places, landmines and other explosive\ndevices, prohibited under international humanitarian law, obstructed movements across\nborders. UNHCR cooperated with partners, including the United Nations Mine Action\nService, to raise awareness about landmines. Some countries increasingly resorted to\nrestrictive border management measures, limiting the ability of people to seek safety.\nHundreds of thousands of people attempted to use dangerous land and water routes, with\nmany refugees and migrants going missing or losing their lives at sea. Offshore processing,\nas well as the forced transfer of asylum-seekers to third countries where international\nprotection was not guaranteed, remained a concern and undermined international\ncooperation and responsibility-sharing.\n\n\n**B.** **Reception and addressing specific needs**\n\n\n23. Some regions continued to face challenges associated with mixed movements, with\nmany refugees moving irregularly alongside migrants. As efforts continued at the\ninternational level to strengthen migration governance through the development of a global\ncompact on safe, orderly and regular migration, UNHCR actively supported the process, as\nforeseen in the New York Declaration. Building on its \u201c10-point plan of action for refugee\nprotection and mixed migration\u201d, UNHCR continues to enhance operational cooperation\nwith partners; strengthen information, analysis and knowledge; and promote good practices\nto help States and other stakeholders respond more effectively to mixed movements. This\nincludes supporting arrangements to identify, screen and refer new arrivals to appropriate\nservices according to their needs, regardless of status. In Europe, UNHCR developed a\nborder protection monitoring information management system to ensure systematic\ncollection and harmonization of information on protection concerns faced by asylumseekers at and near borders. The system will support evidence-based protection\ninterventions, cross-border coordination and advocacy initiatives.\n\n24. Mixed movements by sea remained an ongoing challenge. Along the western\nMediterranean route, arrivals in Europe more than doubled in 2017 to over 28,000. Limited\nnumbers continued to cross the eastern Mediterranean, while the central Mediterranean was\nthe dominant route, particularly for those departing from Libya. In this context, an\nimportant feature of UNHCR\u2019s Central Mediterranean Strategy is the evacuation transit\nmechanism. Established in late 2017 in Niger, with the support of the Government and the\nEuropean Commission and in cooperation with IOM, it enables the orderly processing of\nasylum-seekers and refugees evacuated from Libya. In addition to its strengthened\noperational engagement, UNHCR established the Central Mediterranean Core Group as a\nplatform to seek commitments from States in offering safe and legal pathways to\nadmission. UNHCR also developed a set of recommendations for States to prevent and\nrespond to trafficking in persons and related abuses along the routes to Libya and Europe.\nIn late 2017, UNHCR launched the second phase of an awareness-raising campaign about\nthe dangers of crossing the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden to Yemen, including heightened\nsusceptibility to human trafficking and other abuses, highlighting stories from survivors.\nThe situation in Yemen remains highly complex, with major humanitarian and security\nchallenges, and large-scale internal displacement alongside continuing refugee arrivals in\nmixed movements.\n\n25. Refugees and other persons on the move faced SGBV, including domestic violence,\nsexual assault and rape. Positive counteractive measures included strategies to prevent and\naddress SGBV; the hiring of refugee men and women to patrol camps and reception\ncentres, report incidents to police and assist with maintaining law and order; and the\ninstallation of improved fencing, lighting, and separate sanitation and sleeping facilities for\nmen and women. Safe spaces for women and children at risk were also established in many\nregions, along with other approaches to address the specific needs of women and girls, such\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "as the use of female health care professionals and interpreters. In the Americas, the\nRegional Safe Spaces Network grew from three to five countries, including Colombia and\nVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). In Italy, UNHCR contributed to the development of\nstandard operating procedures to assist torture victims and adopted an SGBV strategy. In\nGreece, UNHCR and the Ministry of Interior signed a memorandum of understanding to\nsupport refugee women and children at risk. A UNHCR report on promising practices in\ngender equality for Syrian refugees in the Middle East and North Africa highlighted\nsuccessful initiatives, including measures to address SGBV. UNHCR also published\nresearch on the prevalence of SGBV against boys and men in the Syria situation, noting\nthat child labour increased exposure to SGBV. The strategic use of resettlement yielded\nsolutions for urgent protection cases, often including SGBV survivors.\n\n26. UNHCR continued to focus on the specific needs of victims of trafficking and\nmeasures to counter this phenomenon. To reinforce cooperation in anti-trafficking,\nUNHCR, IOM and the Heartland Alliance co-lead a global protection cluster Task Team on\nAnti-Trafficking. UNHCR also participates in the Inter-Agency Coordination Group\nagainst Trafficking in Persons and contributed to its \u201cIssues brief no. 3 on trafficking in\npersons and refugee status\u201d, providing practical recommendations to States and\npractitioners on the links between trafficking and refugee protection. UNHCR supported\nStates in achieving consistent implementation of asylum and other procedures aimed at\nprotecting victims of trafficking. \u201cJoint guidelines for the identification of victims of\ntrafficking among asylum-seekers\u201d were developed in cooperation with the Italian National\nCommission for Asylum, leading to increased referrals to national procedures.\n\n27. In 2017, some 52 per cent of refugees globally were children. Argentina, Brazil and\nPanama established new national protocols to ensure children have access to asylum\nprocesses, taking into account their best interests and promoting family reunification and\nalternatives to detention. El Salvador and Honduras introduced inter-institutional best\ninterest procedures to enhance identification and response capacity for children at high risk\nin the north of Central America.\n\n28. To uphold the best interests of the child, UNHCR worked with partners to support\nspecific arrangements for children, including alternative care arrangements for those\nseparated from their families, guardianship arrangements, best interests determination\nprocedures, psychosocial support and, where available, the inclusion of refugee children in\nnational child protection systems. Several countries prioritized the special needs of\nunaccompanied children, including Brazil and Serbia. In Europe, UNHCR, UNICEF, and\nthe International Rescue Committee established a consultative process to support States in\nstrengthening protection responses for unaccompanied and separated children. UNHCR,\nthe International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF developed a regional strategic\nframework to address child labour in the Syria context, with an emphasis on promoting\nchild protection; livelihoods and cash assistance for families; and access to quality\neducation. UNHCR supported efforts by States and partners to reunite family members and\nadvocated flexible approaches when considering who constitutes \u201cfamily\u201d. Germany,\nwhich allows family reunification for refugees to whom it grants protection, is assisted by\nIOM in Lebanon and Turkey in the facilitation of visa procedures.\n\n29. Best State practice involves alternatives to detention for persons in need of\ninternational protection. These include release into custody of local institutions and open\naccommodation in conjunction with welfare agencies and with reporting requirements. The\ndetention of children for immigration-related purposes is never considered in their best\ninterest, irrespective of their legal or migratory status or that of their parents, as it severely\naffects their well-being and development. In the context of UNHCR\u2019s global strategy to\nend detention, a number of countries continued to report positive practices, including fewer\nchildren detained in Lithuania, Malaysia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and\nNorthern Ireland. In many cases, alternatives targeting children and their families were\napplied. Regrettably, however, asylum-seekers continue to be detained in many countries\nwithout consideration of alternatives. Challenges in reception conditions also persist,\nincluding overcrowding and the lack of capacity to identify and assist persons with specific\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR report", - "confidence": 0.6377642154693604, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8243879079818726, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9681665897369385, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Middle East and North Africa", - "confidence": 0.8963727951049805, - "start": 96, - "end": 101 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8868301510810852, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nneeds. The situation on Greece\u2019s Aegean islands, where thousands of refugees live in\ninadequate conditions and face protection risks, is particularly worrying.\n\n\n**C.** **Identification of those in need of international protection**\n\n\n30. Effective registration systems help States identify new arrivals, particularly in the\ncontext of large-scale movements, ensure the integrity of protection systems and prevent\nfraud and corruption. Registration facilitates access to assistance and the identification of\nspecific needs, and provides information crucial to solutions. Brazil introduced new\nregistration forms that better capture data on asylum-seekers and vulnerabilities in order to\nprioritize cases. In Greece, the authorities progressively increased their presence in\nregistration and identification centres, allowing UNHCR to reduce its operational\nengagement, while maintaining a monitoring role. By May 2018, 5.3 million individuals\nhad been biometrically registered by UNHCR across 50 operations. A global distribution\ntool, using biometrics to verify identity at food distribution points, is used in several\ncountries, including most recently in Brazil and Uganda. UNHCR contributed to the\ndevelopment of recommendations on refugee statistics adopted by the United Nations\nStatistical Commission in March 2018, which promote disaggregated data on refugees,\nasylum-seekers and IDPs by age and sex.\n\n31. The 1951 Convention does not elaborate on procedures for the determination of\nrefugee status. Yet, it is generally recognized that fair and efficient procedures for\nindividual refugee status determination (RSD) are essential for the full and inclusive\napplication of the 1951 Convention and other regional conventions, outside the context of\nlarge-scale situations. Fair, efficient and adaptable RSD procedures require strong State\ninstitutions to safeguard their integrity and reach appropriate decisions consistent with\ninternational law. In large-scale situations, group-based prima facie recognition and, when\nappropriate, temporary protection mechanisms have also been used by States, with the\nsupport of UNHCR.\n\n32. When States commit to transitioning responsibility for RSD from UNHCR to\nnational institutions, sustained engagement is required. This may include the drafting of\nnational refugee legislation. Indonesia and Thailand have taken initial steps towards\nassuming responsibility for RSD, while other States, such as Cameroon, Morocco and\nTurkey, are further advanced. UNHCR continues to support State institutions responsible\nfor RSD, including through its quality assurance initiatives in Europe and Latin America.\nConsistent with the CRRF, UNHCR is seeking approaches that support State RSD systems\nmore holistically, including through capacity assessment and development. Where\nUNHCR undertakes RSD under its mandate in lieu of a functioning State system, its\nengagement is driven by the potential protection impact, taking into consideration its ability\nto help refugees gain access to their rights and find solutions. Mixed movements pose\nspecific challenges in determining international protection needs. The responsible use of\ndifferentiated case-processing modalities after screening, such as simplified and accelerated\nprocedures, and the merging of registration and RSD interviews for cases with a\npresumption of inclusion, helps maintain fairness while contributing to efficiency. UNHCR\nhas supported numerous States seeking to address their RSD backlogs, including through\nmeasures focused on quality and efficiency in decision-making.\n\n33. Statelessness determination is equally grounded in international law and assists\nStates in fulfilling their commitments under the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of\nStateless Persons. To be effective, such procedures need to take into account countryspecific factors, such as the estimated size and diversity of the stateless population and the\ncomplexity of the legal and evidentiary issues to be examined. UNHCR welcomed the\ndecisions by Brazil, Ecuador and Montenegro to establish statelessness determination\nprocedures.\n\n34. National security considerations and international refugee protection can and should\nbe complementary. Recognizing that host States can benefit from integrated approaches\nthat protect refugees while safeguarding national security, UNHCR and the International\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration systems", - "confidence": 0.6596699357032776, - "start": 60, - "end": 62 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8377082943916321, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.7176136374473572, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5172373056411743, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8460923433303833, - "start": 117, - "end": 118 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee statistics", - "confidence": 0.8093040585517883, - "start": 211, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9441465735435486, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5088821053504944, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9137142896652222, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees,\nasylum-seekers and IDPs", - "confidence": 0.567757785320282, - "start": 229, - "end": 234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RSD", - "confidence": 0.8430312871932983, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.934083104133606, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "1954", - "confidence": 0.556547999382019, - "start": 594, - "end": 595 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8698484301567078, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nCommittee of the Red Cross developed an aide-memoire which provides operational\nguidance on maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee and IDP sites\nand settlements.\n\n#### **V. Meeting needs and supporting communities**\n\n\n35. Pending the availability of solutions, enhancing self-reliance allows refugees to\ncontribute to, rather than depend on, their host country. It also prepares them to obtain\ndurable solutions, notably voluntary repatriation. UNHCR is promoting self-reliance in the\nspirit of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pledge to \u201cleave no one behind\u201d,\nthe World Humanitarian Summit commitment to a \u201cnew way of working\u201d and the CRRF.\nThe move away from past practices of encampment and parallel services for refugees\nexemplifies increased recognition of the benefits of supporting access to national systems,\nincluding education and health, and labour markets. Such approaches reduce vulnerability\nand build human capital, while benefiting host communities through strengthened services\nand systems. Where humanitarian assistance is provided, it should be delivered in ways\nthat benefit host communities, including where possible through local service providers.\nMany countries, including Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kenya, Pakistan, Uganda,\nZambia and others, remained steadfast in their generosity towards refugees and took steps\nto advance self-reliance, including through the provision of education, skills training and\nlivelihoods. While increasing self-reliance often requires policy changes, such efforts must\nbe pursued in ways that contribute to the infrastructure, services and economies of the host\ncommunities.\n\n\n**A.** **Education**\n\n\n36. In line with the 1951 Convention, the Sustainable Development Goals and the\nCRRF, UNHCR advocated the inclusion of refugee children and youth in national\neducational systems. With support from the Educate A Child programme, UNHCR worked\nto expand access to primary education, more than doubling its 2017 target. Connected\nlearning, combining digital platforms with traditional classroom teaching, provided higher\neducation for 3,500 refugees in Afghanistan, Chad, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda,\nSri Lanka, Sudan and Thailand. Furthermore, 6,700 scholarships were granted by the\nAlbert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative (DAFI) to support higher education\nfor refugee students in 50 countries. In December 2017, IGAD Member States adopted the\nDjibouti Declaration on Refugees, committing to the inclusion of refugees in national\neducation plans by 2020. In April 2018, the Nairobi Declaration brought additional\ncommitments from States to make education systems more inclusive of refugees.\n\n37. UNHCR continued to support expanded enrolment in formal education, with an\nincrease in global primary enrolment from 50 per cent in 2016 to 61 per cent in 2017. A\nprogramme targeting youth was launched in Kenya, Pakistan, Rwanda and Uganda, aiming\nto increase skills training and educational opportunities, including post-secondary. In\ncountries where barriers to education exist, such as language of instruction, lack of identity\ndocuments, tuition fees and legal residence status, UNHCR welcomed efforts by States to\naddress them, including in Belize, Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Panama and\nTurkey. In S\u00e3o Paolo, the Legislative Assembly approved a bill waiving fees for the\nvalidation of university degrees obtained by refugees. A regional cooperation agreement\nwas signed with the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and\nCulture to facilitate access to education for persons of concern in the Americas. In\nDecember 2017, UNHCR launched the Refugee Education Management System, which\nwill help it manage education data for improved programming and monitoring.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**B.** **Employment and livelihoods**\n\n\n38. Providing access to economic opportunities and promoting inclusion contributes to\nthe economies of host communities and helps build self-reliance, enabling the displaced to\nmeet their needs and preparing them for solutions. ILO Recommendation 205 encourages\nStates to foster self-reliance for refugees by expanding access to livelihoods and labour\nmarkets in ways which support host communities. In the context of displacement, UNHCR\nand ILO cooperate closely to improve access to the labour market and strengthen\nimplementation of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,\nincluding improved working conditions and social protection. The two organizations are\nalso working to promote inclusive economic development in host countries that improves\nlivelihoods for the displaced and host communities alike.\n\n39. Access for refugees to the labour market and social security benefits may be\nconstrained by the economic situation and development-related difficulties facing the host\ncountry. Taking into consideration such constraints, reliable information is required on the\nimpact of refugees on labour markets and the needs of existing labour forces and\nemployers. UNHCR continued to work with States to ensure access to vocational training,\nrecognition of qualifications, freedom of movement and the provision of documentation.\nCosta Rica, Ecuador and Mexico are cooperating with the private sector to create refugee\nemployment opportunities, and in April 2018, UNHCR and the OECD launched an\ninnovative multi-stakeholder action plan for engaging with employers in the hiring of\nrefugees.\n\n40. In addition to enhancing protection, financial services (including cash-based\nassistance) facilitate access by refugees to livelihood opportunities and labour markets. In\nMexico, the National Banking and Securities Commission will allow foreigners (including\nrefugees) to use documents issued by the National Migration Institute as identification for\naccess to financial services. In Zambia, the Central Bank agreed to accept refugee\nidentification cards as proof of identity for receiving cash grants. In 2017, UNHCR\ndelivered $502 million in cash assistance, one third of which was dedicated to meeting\nspecific needs in 42 operations, including for education, to facilitate return and to reduce\nnegative coping strategies such as transactional sex and child labour. Cash combined with\nin-kind assistance and services allowed UNHCR and partners to deliver context-specific\nresponses that reinforced protection outcomes, allowing the displaced to prioritize their\nneeds, while contributing to resilience through socioeconomic inclusion and access to\nnational services and social programmes. UNHCR strengthened partnerships, including\nwith the World Food Programme, to expand cash-based interventions, and with the United\nNations Capital Development Fund to create a technical assistance fund to provide financial\nservices to displaced populations. To advance financial inclusion, UNHCR strengthened its\npartnership with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency in Jordan and\nUganda, and with Financial Sector Deepening Africa in Rwanda.\n\n\n**C.** **Documentation and legal identity**\n\n\n41. Civil registration is critical to the displaced and serves as a major protection tool,\nnotably for women and girls. It helps establish legal identity and prevent statelessness, and\nis key for accessing education, employment, housing and medical care. The Ethiopian\nGovernment has taken legislative steps to ensure access to birth registration and civil\ndocumentation for refugees. In Ecuador, the civil registry initiated a process to enrol\nrecognized refugees in its database and issue identity documents that are identical to those\nissued to nationals, and Pakistan launched a country-wide exercise to register\nundocumented Afghans. The African Union Executive Council adopted a decision calling\nfor member States to include refugees, IDPs and persons at risk of statelessness in civil\nregistration and vital statistics systems. At a meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean\nCouncil of Civil Registry, Identity and Vital Statistics, 17 directors of civil registries agreed\nthat regional cooperation is needed to grant a legal identity to all persons, including through\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nuniversal birth registration, and committed to work towards eliminating the causes of\nstatelessness. For refugees, recognition of identity is essential to attain a durable solution.\nProof of identity helps States obtain accurate information about the persons living on their\nterritory, which is relevant for security and economic and social planning. UNHCR works\nwith States, the World Bank Group and others to build national civil registration and\nnational identification capacities, and facilitate access by persons of concern, including\nmarginalized and vulnerable groups. Access to civil documentation, including birth\ncertificates, is also prioritized in the 3RP.\n\n42. Refugees and stateless persons are entitled to a travel document issued by their\ncountry of lawful stay, supporting freedom of movement and facilitating solutions. In\nOctober 2017, the Executive Committee adopted a conclusion on international protection\n(No. 114 (LXVIII)) on machine-readable travel documents for refugees and stateless\npersons, recognizing their importance and good practices in issuance worldwide. Several\ncountries transitioned to machine-readable documents during the reporting period,\naffirming the conclusion\u2019s value for States and for refugees and stateless persons.\n\n#### **VI. Solutions**\n\n\n43. Ending displacement requires a mix of solutions, adapted to the specific\ncircumstances of each situation and the needs of the population. This includes the three\ntraditional durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, resettlement and local integration, as\nwell as other pathways for admission to third countries which provide additional\nopportunities for protection and solutions. To strengthen UNHCR\u2019s engagement in\npursuing solutions for persons of concern, UNHCR has created a Division of Resilience\nand Solutions. Beyond supporting the application of the CRRF, the Division will provide\nguidance in key areas, including education, livelihoods, self-reliance and reintegration. It\nwill furthermore focus on collaboration with development partners and promote the\ninclusion of refugees in national services.\n\n\n**A.** **Voluntary repatriation**\n\n\n44. Voluntary repatriation is the preferred solution for many refugees. While enabling\nrepatriation is first and foremost the responsibility of countries of origin, sustained support\nby the international community is needed to promote the conditions conducive to safe and\ndurable return. As a starting point, it is important to recognize the right to return. Factors\nthat have traditionally affected obtainment of this right include safety and security; good\ngovernance and rule of law, including at the local level; access to services, especially health\ncare and education; restitution of land and property, and access to housing, civil\ndocumentation and livelihood opportunities. Facilitating return often necessitates\nmeasures, taken by a wide range of actors, including confidence- and capacity-building\nactivities, effective returnee monitoring and reintegration packages. However, such actions\ncannot replace State engagement and the political will necessary to end conflict and build\npeace.\n\n45. Bangladesh and Myanmar agreed bilaterally to an \u201cArrangement on the Return of\nDisplaced Persons from Rakhine State\u201d in November 2017 and to a corresponding\n\u201cPhysical Arrangement for the Repatriation of Displaced Myanmar Residents from\nBangladesh\u201d in January 2018. These arrangements outline important commitments by both\ngovernments to ensure the voluntary, safe and dignified return of refugees to their places of\norigin. UNHCR was not a party to these arrangements; however, in April 2018, UNHCR\nsigned a memorandum of understanding with the Bangladeshi Government on voluntary,\nsafe and dignified return. Nevertheless, UNHCR considers that the conditions in Myanmar\nare not yet conducive to such voluntary repatriation calls on Myanmar to take concrete\nmeasures to create such conditions, consistent with the recommendations of the Advisory\nCommission on Rakhine State, including by addressing the root causes of displacement and\nproviding pathways to citizenship. UNHCR is committed to supporting Myanmar in\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\ncreating conditions conducive for the voluntary, safe and dignified returns of refugees.\nSince March 2018, UNHCR and UNDP have been engaged in discussions with the\nGovernment of Myanmar on a tripartite memorandum of understanding on voluntary\nrepatriation and on supporting recovery and development for all communities in Rakhine\nState.\n\n46. In Iraq, ensuring protection, including through safe and sustainable returns, is\ncritical to recovery and stabilization efforts. UNHCR advocated access to civil\ndocumentation and to accurate information about conditions in places of origin. It also\nsupported family reunification activities. The application of the CRRF for the Somali\nrefugee situation focused on attaining durable solutions, particularly supporting the\nconditions conducive to voluntary, safe and dignified return. This included measures aimed\nat strengthening security, building the capacity of the authorities and supporting the\ncountry\u2019s national development plan, for the benefit of returnees. With support from the\nUnited Nations Peacebuilding Fund, a Kenya-Somalia cross-border project aims to improve\nthe reintegration of returnees in Somalia. Additionally, post-return monitoring was\nlaunched in October 2017 to profile returning Somali refugees.\n\n47. In Afghanistan, UNHCR strengthened its return monitoring system. Nevertheless,\nsustainable returns have been made more challenging due to ongoing violence, insecurity\nand limited absorption capacity in return areas due to the lack of livelihoods, land\nmanagement and adequate shelter. The fifth Quadripartite Steering Committee meeting,\ninvolving the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan, together with UNHCR,\nreaffirmed the significance of the SSAR. The parties reiterated their commitment to\ncontinue working together to facilitate voluntary return for Afghan refugees in safety and\ndignity, and to undertake joint resource mobilization efforts. Afghanistan\u2019s Displacement\nand Returnees Executive Committee continued bringing together key actors to strategize on\nminimizing the humanitarian-development gap and \u2013 adopting a \u201cwhole of society\u201d\napproach \u2013 to address issues such as documentation, registration and land for returnees.\nUNHCR and the World Bank Group signed a data-sharing agreement to better support the\nreintegration of Afghan refugee returnees through strengthened data collection and analysis.\n\n48. Following the meeting of the Tripartite Commission for the Voluntary Repatriation\nof Burundian Refugees, involving the Governments of Burundi and the United Republic of\nTanzania, some 13,000 people were assisted by UNHCR to return home in 2017. UNHCR\nsupported the voluntary repatriation of refugees to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Mali, Sri Lanka and\nSudan, among others. Concerns arose around forced returns to Nigeria, despite efforts and\ncommitments made in the context of tripartite arrangements, including an agreement signed\nby the Governments of Nigeria and Cameroon, together with UNHCR. In Honduras, a\nproject to identify potentially contested land in future return areas was launched with\ntechnical assistance from Colombia.\n\n\n**B.** **Resettlement**\n\n\n49. Resettlement is recognized as a strategic tool for achieving protection and solutions,\nbut it is also a tangible burden- and responsibility-sharing mechanism. Against a backdrop\nof large-scale forced displacement and constraints on global protection and solutions,\nresettlement needs identified by UNHCR have increased steadily since 2014. Currently\nthere are an unprecedented 1.2 million refugees in need of resettlement.\n\n\n50. In contrast with 2016, when States made over 163,200 resettlement places available,\n2017 saw a 54 per cent reduction to only 75,190 places. This declining trend in global\nresettlement quotas is expected to continue into 2018. The reduction has impacted\nUNHCR\u2019s ability to respond to emerging resettlement priorities, including in countries\nalong the central Mediterranean route, as well as to maintain and expand resettlement for\nSyrian refugees and vulnerable individuals in the CRRF roll-out countries. As places\noffered by States for urgent and emergency cases continued to shrink in 2017, UNHCR\ncould only submit some 2,090 cases in these categories \u2013 a 40 per cent decrease from 2015.\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nUNHCR was nevertheless able to ensure that more than 10 per cent of cases referred for\nresettlement in 2017 involved women and girls at risk.\n\n\n51. The resettlement system continued to face pressure linked to increased emphasis on\nnational security and the desire of some States to use resettlement as a migration\nmanagement tool. This further constrained UNHCR\u2019s ability to ensure protection for the\nmost vulnerable refugees, including those with heightened protection risks and serious\nmedical conditions. UNHCR advocated the continuation of resettlement programmes\nwhich were protection-centred, flexible and diverse. This included calls for the proposed\nEuropean Union resettlement framework to ensure that opportunities for resettlement were\nfocused on those most in need and that it effectively supported responsibility-sharing.\nMore broadly, it is hoped that the adoption of the global compact on refugees will provide\nnew momentum to expand the base of support for resettlement in the coming years.\n\n\n52. Through the Emerging Resettlement Countries Joint Mechanism, UNHCR\nsupported six countries with capacity development and technical advice to develop or\nexpand their resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes. UNHCR also invested\nin the new Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative, which promotes and supports\ncommunity-based sponsorship, and worked with some resettlement countries on protectionsensitive in-country processing programmes to resettle extremely vulnerable IDPs from\nnorthern Iraq. In El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, UNHCR facilitated the\nresettlement of individuals at heightened risk through the protection transfer arrangement.\n\n\n53. Leveraging the interest of an increasing number of States in resettlement, UNHCR\ncontinued to apply the Resettlement Core Group model to specific situations, including for\nSyrian refugees and in the context of the central Mediterranean situation. UNHCR also\npartnered with States in coordinating and ensuring predictable longer-term resettlement\nopportunities for particular groups of refugees. UNHCR launched a resettlement\ninnovation project to take stock of its processes and map good practices in the field. In\nNepal, the large-scale Bhutanese resettlement programme drew to a close, with over\n112,000 refugees resettled to third countries over the past decade.\n\n\n**C.** **Local integration**\n\n\n54. Countries that support the local integration of refugees deserve support. Numerous\ncountries, notably in the industrialized world and Latin America, have found it\nadvantageous and in their interest to embrace the local integration of refugees, including by\nproviding durable legal status and naturalization, as foreseen in Article 34 of the 1951\nConvention, where appropriate. In Guinea-Bissau, the Government decided to grant\ncitizenship to refugees living in a protracted situation. Zambia implemented its decision to\nprovide long-term residency to former Rwandan refugees. In Chile, an initiative launched\nin 2017 allows access to nationality for people registered under non-citizen status and\nchildren born to foreign parents. Despite these advances, the challenges in implementing\nlocal integration programmes, particularly in large-scale situations, are acknowledged.\n\n\n55. Cities and municipalities in the Americas continued to adopt policies that support\nintegration and inclusion, with help from the private sector. For example, the municipality\nof Quito launched a programme that certifies local businesses which meet inclusion\nstandards. Mexico City signed an agreement with UNHCR aimed at fostering the inclusion\nof asylum-seekers and refugees in social security programmes, while a similar initiatives\nwas undertaken in S\u00e3o Paolo. In Italy, UNHCR works with local authorities and civil\nsociety to encourage good relations between refugees and host communities. Italy\u2019s\nNational Integration Policy was drafted in consultation with refugees and envisages specific\nmeasures for asylum-seekers on reception, housing and employment. In the former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the strategy for integrating refugees is complemented by\nspecific procedures for unaccompanied children and those considered vulnerable. In\nPoland, the city of Gdansk developed an integration model which was rolled out to 11 other\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\ncities in 2017. In April 2018, the OECD published research from 72 cities on local\napproaches to integration, accompanied by a checklist for cities and regions to use in\npromoting integration.\n\n\n56. Successful local integration programmes require efforts from all parties, including\nrefugees in their willingness to adapt, host communities in welcoming them and public\ninstitutions in meeting their needs. In some countries, significant additional support from\nthe international community, taking into account the needs of receiving communities, is\nessential.\n\n\n**D.** **Other pathways for admission**\n\n\n57. Other pathways for the admission of persons needing international protection can\nfacilitate access to protection and solutions, and alleviate pressure on host countries,\nparticularly in large-scale and protracted situations. Such pathways also create\nopportunities for refugees to learn new skills, acquire an education and reunite with family\nmembers in third countries.\n\n\n58. Although refugees sometimes find complementary pathways themselves, such\nprocesses may require the facilitation of administrative measures, complemented with\nprotection safeguards. To this end, UNHCR helped support the establishment and\nexpansion of complementary pathways, including in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,\nFrance, Japan and Peru, along with other States in the MERCOSUR region. A new\npartnership was established with the United World Colleges to expand secondary education\nfor refugee students in third countries, and Talent Beyond Boundaries was commissioned to\ncreate a database of refugee talent in Jordan and Lebanon to facilitate labour mobility to\nthird countries. UNHCR and OECD initiated a mapping of non-humanitarian entry visas\nused by refugees in OECD countries to help develop guidance on complementary\npathways. UNHCR also supported the adoption of the African Union Protocol on Free\nMovement of Persons, Right of Residence and Right of Establishment, which will facilitate\naccess to other pathways for admission.\n\n\n59. Despite progress, refugees continue facing barriers and challenges in accessing\ncomplementary pathways, including being unable to obtain exit permits, entry visas and\ntravel documents. Other challenges include a lack of adequate protection safeguards and\nstrict eligibility criteria. UNHCR continues to support States and other stakeholders in\novercoming these obstacles and providing guidance and technical advice on developing\ncomplementary pathways that are predictable, sustainable and protection-sensitive.\n\n#### **VII. Conclusion**\n\n\n60. The international community is now at a crossroads, with a number of promising\nadvances in the context of the development of the global compact on refugees. This\ncompact has the potential to mobilize the international community in support of a shared\nagenda, grounded in the fundamental principles of humanity and solidarity that could bring\nreal change in the lives of refugees and the countries and communities that receive them.\nUNHCR looks forward to working closely with States and a wide range of partners to bring\nthe global compact on refugees to life through concrete actions on the ground.\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5195043-6925-3b27-bc41-817a4d17dbca/5b7ea0514.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_121/raw/doc_121_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_121/raw/doc_121_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8f5bdbdb57ae4ed5f5b06ed539dc9837a67cca51..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_121/raw/doc_121_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Nations Unies A/AC.96/1178\n\nDistr. g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\n## **Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n4 juillet 2018\nFran\u00e7ais\nOriginal: anglais et fran\u00e7ais\n\n\n**Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif du Programme**\n**du Haut Commissaire**\n**Soixante-neuvi\u00e8me session**\nGen\u00e8ve, 1 [er] au 5 octobre 2018\nPoint 4 a) de l\u2019ordre du jour provisoire\n**Examen des rapports sur les travaux du Comit\u00e9 permanent**\n**Protection internationale**\n\n### **Note sur la protection internationale**\n\n\n**Rapport du Haut Commissaire**\n\n\n_R\u00e9sum\u00e9_\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente note examine les d\u00e9veloppements en mati\u00e8re de protection internationale de\njuin 2017 \u00e0 juin 2018, p\u00e9riode importante tant pour les personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence\ndu HCR que pour les pays et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que la communaut\u00e9\ninternationale travaille \u00e0 l\u2019adoption d\u2019un Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nD\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la note est structur\u00e9e autour du Cadre d\u2019action global pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du projet de Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, rappelant la\ncentralit\u00e9 de la protection et refl\u00e9tant les d\u00e9veloppements pertinents sous l\u2019angle de la\nprotection et des solutions.\n\n\nEn outre, elle examine la situation des d\u00e9placements internes dans le monde, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion\ndu vingti\u00e8me anniversaire des Principes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays, ainsi que la situation des apatrides.\n\n\nSauf indication contraire, les documents cit\u00e9s dans la pr\u00e9sente note sont disponibles \u00e0\n[www.refworld.org.](http://www.refworld.org/)\n\n\nGE.18-11062 (F)\n# \uf02a\uf031\uf038\uf031\uf031\uf030\uf036\uf032\uf02a\uf020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n#### Table des mati\u00e8res\n\n\n_Chapitre_ _Paragraphes_ _Page_\n\n\nI. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1-5 3\n\n\nII. Centralit\u00e9 de la protection ....................................................................................... 6-17 3\n\n\nIII. Partage de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s .............................................................. 18-21 7\n\n\nIV. Accueil et admission ............................................................................................... 22-36 8\n\n\nA. Admission ....................................................................................................... 22-23 8\n\n\nB. Accueil et satisfaction des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques ............................................... 24-31 9\n\n\nC. Identification des personnes ayant besoin de protection internationale .......... 32-36 11\n\n\nV. Satisfaire les besoins et soutenir les communaut\u00e9s ................................................. 37-44 12\n\n\nA. \u00c9ducation ........................................................................................................ 38-39 12\n\n\nB. Emploi et moyens d\u2019existence ........................................................................ 40-42 13\n\n\nC. Documentation et identit\u00e9 juridique ................................................................ 43-44 14\n\n\nVI. Solutions ................................................................................................................ 45 15\n\n\nA. Rapatriement volontaire .................................................................................. 46-50 15\n\n\nB. R\u00e9installation .................................................................................................. 51-55 16\n\n\nC. Int\u00e9gration locale ............................................................................................ 56-58 17\n\n\nD. Autres voies d\u2019admission ................................................................................ 59-61 18\n\n\nVII. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 62 18\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n#### **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. En 2017, le nombre de personnes contraintes de fuir leur pays \u00e0 cause des\npers\u00e9cutions, des violations des droits de l\u2019homme, des conflits arm\u00e9s, des violences et des\ntroubles \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public, relevant du mandat du HCR, est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 19,9 millions, alors qu\u2019il\n\u00e9tait de 17,9 millions en fin 2016. En outre 5,4 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens rel\u00e8vent du\nmandat de l\u2019Office de secours et de travaux des Nations Unies et 40 millions d\u2019autres\npersonnes se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays.\n\n\n2. L\u2019\u00e9clatement de la violence en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la poursuite des combats\nen R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne et au Y\u00e9men, et le conflit associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en\nSomalie et au Soudan du Sud ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 provoquer des d\u00e9placements. Dans le m\u00eame\ntemps, de nouveaux mouvements internes et transfrontaliers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 aliment\u00e9s par\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, notamment au Burundi, en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, en Iraq, en\nLibye, au Myanmar et dans les r\u00e9gions septentrionales et centrales du Mali. La d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\nde la situation au Venezuela (R\u00e9publique bolivarienne du) a \u00e9galement provoqu\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement de V\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens \u00e0 travers les fronti\u00e8res, portant \u00e0 plus de 1,5 million le\nnombre d\u2019arriv\u00e9es dans les pays voisins depuis 2014. M\u00eame si l\u2019accord de paix en\nColombie a \u00e9t\u00e9 une avanc\u00e9e importante, plusieurs r\u00e9gions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par le trafic de\ndrogue, l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale et la pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s. Entre ao\u00fbt 2017 et\navril 2018, les violences et les graves violations des droits de l\u2019homme dans le nord de\nl\u2019\u00c9tat de Rakhine au Myanmar ont contraint environ 687 000 Rohingya apatrides \u00e0 fuir le\npays, dans l\u2019une des situations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ayant connu l\u2019\u00e9volution la plus rapide en deux\nd\u00e9cennies. En Afghanistan, la violence et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 provoquer des\nd\u00e9placements, remettant en cause la durabilit\u00e9 des retours.\n\n\n3. Dans ce contexte, le r\u00e9gime international de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s demeure plus\nque jamais important. Dans le cadre du suivi de la D\u00e9claration de New York pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les migrants (D\u00e9claration de New York), adopt\u00e9e en septembre 2016 par\nl\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, des parties prenantes se sont r\u00e9unies en 2017 pour des discussions\nth\u00e9matiques en vue de proposer des id\u00e9es pour le Pacte mondial. S\u2019inspirant de plus de 65\nann\u00e9es de droit et de pratique, des premi\u00e8res le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es de l\u2019application du Cadre\nd\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des r\u00e9sultats des consultations formelles ayant eu lieu en\n2018 entre les \u00c9tats, le Pacte mondial vise \u00e0 combler les d\u00e9faillances actuellement\nconstat\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9ponse internationale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, afin notamment d\u2019assurer un\npartage plus \u00e9quitable et plus pr\u00e9visible de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s entre les \u00c9tats,\ngr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une approche multipartite. L\u2019ann\u00e9e 2018 est donc importante pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi\nque les pays et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Elle marque par ailleurs le vingti\u00e8me\nanniversaire des Principes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de\nleur propre pays.\n\n\n4. Cette ann\u00e9e, la note sur la protection internationale se focalise sur la centralit\u00e9 de la\nprotection ayant sous-tendu les pr\u00e9paratifs pour le Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Organis\u00e9e\nd\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale autour des principaux domaines du projet du Pacte mondial, elle\nd\u00e9crit les d\u00e9veloppements ayant eu lieu dans le monde de juin 2017 \u00e0 juin 2018.\n\n#### **II. Centralit\u00e9 de la protection**\n\n\n5. La protection est au centre de toute r\u00e9ponse humanitaire. Dans la pratique, elle\nsuppose des activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 garantir le plein respect des droits des personnes, dans le\nrespect du droit international humanitaire et du droit international relatif aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux\ndroits de l\u2019homme. En d\u2019autres termes, la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire am\u00e9liore l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces droits,\nque ce soit au d\u00e9but d\u2019une situation d\u2019urgence, dans des situations prolong\u00e9es ou lors de la\nrecherche de solutions. Les consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 la protection impr\u00e8gnent les actions\nhumanitaires en faveur des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019autres personnes ayant besoin de la protection\ninternationale, des apatrides et des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Elles doivent commencer avec le\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "renforcement des cadres juridiques gr\u00e2ce auxquels leurs droits sont garantis, sans toutefois\ns\u2019y limiter.\n\n\n6. Le cadre juridique de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s repose essentiellement sur la\nConvention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Convention de 1951) et son protocole\nde 1967, ainsi que sur des instruments r\u00e9gionaux sp\u00e9cifiques. Il s\u2019inspire des instruments\ninternationaux pertinents relatifs aux droits de l\u2019homme, du droit international humanitaire\net d\u2019autres normes juridiques internationales. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 son mandat, le HCR\ncontinue \u00e0 travailler avec les \u00c9tats pour encourager l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la Convention de 1951 et \u00e0\nd\u2019autres instruments pertinents, et orienter quant \u00e0 leur interpr\u00e9tation et leur application,\nnotamment par l\u2019engagement dans des processus l\u00e9gislatifs et judiciaires nationaux et\nr\u00e9gionaux. L\u2019Organisation a soutenu l\u2019\u00e9laboration, par la Ligue des \u00c9tats arabes, de la\nConvention arabe sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que la r\u00e9forme du Syst\u00e8me europ\u00e9en commun\nd\u2019asile. Des d\u00e9veloppements prometteurs au plan l\u00e9gislatif ont eu lieu gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019application\ndu Cadre d\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment \u00e0 Djibouti et en \u00c9thiopie.\n\n\n7. Le HCR a soutenu la mise au point de la l\u00e9gislation nationale dans pr\u00e8s de 80 pays.\nPour orienter l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation et l\u2019application des normes juridiques de protection, le HCR a\npubli\u00e9 le texte intitul\u00e9 \u00ab _Guidelines on international protection on the applicability of_\n_Article 1D of the 1951 Convention to Palestinian refugees\u201d (Guidelines on International_\n_Protection No. 13)_ \u00bb (Principes directeurs sur la protection internationale relatifs \u00e0\nl\u2019applicabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019article 1D de la Convention de 1951 aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens (Principes\ndirecteurs sur la protection internationale n [o] 13)). L\u2019Organisation a \u00e9galement publi\u00e9\nbeaucoup de documents juridiques d\u2019orientation et des orientations sp\u00e9cifiques aux pays sur\nl\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9. En novembre 2017, le HCR a sign\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente avec le March\u00e9\ncommun du Sud (MERCOSUR) pour promouvoir le droit international relatif aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux instruments internationaux de protection, ainsi que des activit\u00e9s\ncommunes pour la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des apatrides. \u00c0 la suite de\nconsultations nationales avec les gouvernements et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dans le cadre de\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation triennale du Plan d\u2019action du Br\u00e9sil, trois consultations th\u00e9matiques sousr\u00e9gionales se sont tenues, principalement sur la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019asile, l\u2019\u00e9radication de l\u2019apatridie\net les solutions globales, compl\u00e9mentaires et durables. Comme contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration\ndu Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les \u00c9tats d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et des Cara\u00efbes ont publi\u00e9 un\ndocument (intitul\u00e9 \u00ab _100 points of Brasilia_ \u00bb [1] ) contenant beaucoup de bonnes pratiques.\n\n\n8. Le HCR a travaill\u00e9 avec les \u00c9tats et les partenaires sur l\u2019identification des\npopulations apatrides et la lutte contre l\u2019apatridie, conform\u00e9ment aux instruments\ninternationaux pertinents, et sur des actions visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la\ncampagne #J\u2019appartiens. Il s\u2019est surtout efforc\u00e9 d\u2019encourager l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux conventions\nrelatives \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie et la r\u00e9forme des lois relatives \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9. Cette r\u00e9forme\ncomprend des mesures visant \u00e0 promouvoir l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre l\u2019homme et la femme sur l\u2019octroi\nde la nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs enfants, comme \u00e0 Madagascar et en Sierra Leone, et \u00e0 simplifier les\nproc\u00e9dures administratives concernant notamment l\u2019enregistrement des actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil.\nPendant la p\u00e9riode couverte par la note, le Chili a adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la Convention de 1954 relative\nau statut des apatrides et \u00e0 la Convention de 1961 sur la r\u00e9duction des cas d\u2019apatridie. Le\nBurkina Faso et le Luxembourg ont adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la Convention de 1961. Cuba a supprim\u00e9\nl\u2019exigence de r\u00e9sidence pour l\u2019acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 cubaine par les enfants n\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9tranger de parents cubains, et la Colombie a mis en place, conform\u00e9ment aux instruments\nr\u00e9gionaux et internationaux, un m\u00e9canisme pour appliquer les garanties permettant\nd\u2019emp\u00eacher que les enfants ne naissent apatrides. Le Br\u00e9sil, le Costa Rica et l\u2019\u00c9quateur ont\npubli\u00e9 des r\u00e8glements pour favoriser les efforts visant \u00e0 identifier et prot\u00e9ger les apatrides,\net \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les cas d\u2019apatridie, notamment sur la naturalisation. En 2017, un nombre\nimportant de personnes, qui \u00e9taient apatrides ou dont la nationalit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas d\u00e9termin\u00e9e,\nse sont vu octroyer ou confirmer la nationalit\u00e9, notamment en Indon\u00e9sie, en Iraq, aux\nPhilippines et en Tha\u00eflande, ainsi que dans divers pays d\u2019Asie centrale.\n\n\n1 Disponible \u00e0 www.acnur.org/fileadmin/scripts/doc.php?file=fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2018/11590\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n9. Au niveau r\u00e9gional, le Plan d\u2019action de Banjul sur l\u2019\u00e9radication de l\u2019apatridie\n2017-2024, adopt\u00e9 par la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et\nentr\u00e9 en vigueur en juin 2017, pr\u00e9voit des mesures concr\u00e8tes et un calendrier pr\u00e9cis. Depuis\nson entr\u00e9e en vigueur, le Burkina Faso et le Mali ont adopt\u00e9 des plans d\u2019action nationaux\npour \u00e9radiquer l\u2019apatridie. En octobre 2017, les \u00c9tats membres de la Conf\u00e9rence\ninternationale sur la r\u00e9gion des Grands Lacs ont sign\u00e9 une D\u00e9claration sur l\u2019\u00e9radication de\nl\u2019apatridie les engageant \u00e0 r\u00e9former les politiques et les lois relatives \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9. Une\nr\u00e9union minist\u00e9rielle sur l\u2019appartenance et l\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique s\u2019est tenue en f\u00e9vrier 2018\nen Tunisie sous le patronage du Pr\u00e9sident. Convoqu\u00e9e par La ligue des \u00c9tats arabes, en\npartenariat avec le HCR, cette r\u00e9union a abouti \u00e0 l\u2019adoption d\u2019une d\u00e9claration lan\u00e7ant des\nappels en faveur du droit \u00e0 une identit\u00e9 juridique pour les enfants et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des droits\nrelatifs \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 entre l\u2019homme et la femme. Les pays abritant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens,\ntravaillant \u00e9troitement avec le HCR et les partenaires, ont pu r\u00e9duire le pourcentage\nd\u2019enfants syriens sans pi\u00e8ces depuis la naissance, le faisant passer de 35 % \u00e0 2,5 % au cours\ndes cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.\n\n\n10. Les personnes ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes aux d\u00e9placements, qui n\u2019ont pas encore\nrecherch\u00e9 ou obtenu la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans un autre pays, font \u00e9galement face aux probl\u00e8mes de\nprotection. Les Principes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de\nleur propre pays, mis au point en 1998, continuent d\u2019offrir un cadre international important\npour la protection des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. L\u2019engagement du HCR dans les d\u00e9placements\ninternes date de plus de 45 ans, et a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu par des r\u00e9solutions successives de\nl\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Au plan mondial, le HCR dirige les groupes charg\u00e9s de la protection,\ndes abris ainsi que de la coordination et de la gestion des camps. Il dirige aussi 25 des 35\ngroupes nationaux charg\u00e9s de la protection et d\u2019autres m\u00e9canismes de coordination\ninterinstitutions pour la protection, notamment en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, en Iraq, au\nNig\u00e9ria, au Soudan du Sud et en R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne. En septembre 2017, il a\nfinalis\u00e9 une revue de son engagement dans les situations de d\u00e9placement interne, en vue de\ntravailler d\u2019une mani\u00e8re plus pr\u00e9visible dans tous les aspects du d\u00e9placement.\n\n\n11. En Afghanistan, le HCR a renforc\u00e9 la protection des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nl\u2019assistance en nature, aux interventions en esp\u00e8ces pour couvrir les d\u00e9penses m\u00e9dicales et\nla fourniture de l\u2019aide juridique. Dans les Am\u00e9riques, l\u2019Organisation a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0\nd\u00e9velopper les capacit\u00e9s locales au Honduras pour renforcer les droits fonciers et de\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 et faciliter les solutions. Elle a aid\u00e9 les autorit\u00e9s salvadoriennes \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le profil\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la base de preuves et de permettre une r\u00e9ponse\nefficace. En Afrique, le HCR a travaill\u00e9 avec des partenaires dans la r\u00e9gion du Kasa\u00ef en\nR\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo pour collecter les donn\u00e9es sur les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et\nleur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un suivi r\u00e9gional. Au Moyen-Orient, il a favoris\u00e9 des campagnes\nd\u2019information visant \u00e0 permettre aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes de conna\u00eetre leur droit de vote, et a\nfacilit\u00e9 le scrutin dans des camps et des zones d\u2019installation. Les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par\nl\u2019Ukraine pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de d\u00e9placement interne ont abouti \u00e0 l\u2019adoption d\u2019une\nstrat\u00e9gie d\u2019int\u00e9gration et de solution, avec l\u2019aide du HCR.\n\n\n12. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement, les catastrophes\nnaturelles et les effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique, notamment la s\u00e9cheresse, ont\nexacerb\u00e9 les d\u00e9placements et modifi\u00e9 leur caract\u00e8re et leur complexit\u00e9, comme observ\u00e9\ndans le bassin du Lac Tchad et la Corne de l\u2019Afrique. S\u2019appuyant sur son expertise au plan\nnormatif et son exp\u00e9rience au plan op\u00e9rationnel, le HCR a travaill\u00e9 avec les \u00c9tats et des\npartenaires pour prot\u00e9ger et assister les personnes touch\u00e9es par ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes. Il a aussi\nfourni de l\u2019appui technique aux parties \u00e0 la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les\nchangements climatiques concernant les aspects du changement climatique relatifs \u00e0 la\nmobilit\u00e9 humaine, gr\u00e2ce notamment \u00e0 sa participation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9quipe sp\u00e9ciale sur les\nd\u00e9placements du M\u00e9canisme international de Varsovie relatif aux pertes et pr\u00e9judices. Le\nHCR, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Georgetown et l\u2019Organisation internationale pour les migrations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(OIM) ont mis au point un ensemble d\u2019outils [2] permettant d\u2019accompagner les\ngouvernements dans les processus de relocalisation planifi\u00e9s, \u00e0 caract\u00e8re participatif et\nmen\u00e9s selon une approche ax\u00e9e sur les droits, en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou\nexpos\u00e9es aux risques. Au vu de l\u2019attention accrue pour les d\u00e9placements li\u00e9s aux\nchangements climatiques, aux catastrophes et aux risques naturels, le HCR a command\u00e9 un\nrapport sur les d\u00e9fis et les opportunit\u00e9s dans ce domaine [3] .\n\n\n13. La protection va au-del\u00e0 de la promotion de l\u2019adoption de normes juridiques et\nint\u00e8gre les activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 garantir leur respect dans la pratique. Toutefois, l\u2019action\nhumanitaire devrait, non pas se substituer aux m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection,\nmais les soutenir conform\u00e9ment aux principes de partenariat et de redevabilit\u00e9. Les\nconsultations avec les personnes relevant la comp\u00e9tence du HCR sont essentielles pour\nassurer leur implication dans l\u2019identification et la satisfaction de leurs besoins ainsi que les\nsolutions. Ces consultations ont eu lieu dans les op\u00e9rations \u00e0 travers le monde pour \u00e9clairer\nla planification et la r\u00e9ponse aux d\u00e9placements de la part des \u00c9tats, du HCR et des\npartenaires.\n\n\n14. En mars 2018, le HCR a mis \u00e0 jour sa politique en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e2ge, de genre et de\ndiversit\u00e9 pour veiller \u00e0 ce que les personnes relevant de sa comp\u00e9tence puissent participer\nd\u2019une mani\u00e8re significative aux d\u00e9cisions touchant leurs vies. Cette politique tient compte\ndu fait que le d\u00e9placement et l\u2019apatridie affectent les gens de diverses mani\u00e8res, et qu\u2019il\nfaudrait analyser et comprendre les consid\u00e9rations personnelles pour que les r\u00e9ponses soient\nefficaces. Elle propose des actions concr\u00e8tes pour mettre en \u0153uvre les programmes tenant\ncompte de l\u2019\u00e2ge, du genre et de la diversit\u00e9, et mesurer leurs r\u00e9sultats, notamment la\ncollecte de donn\u00e9es distinctes ; la participation et l\u2019inclusion ; la communication et la\ntransparence ; le retour d\u2019information et la r\u00e9ponse ; l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes dans la prise des\nd\u00e9cisions, la gestion et la direction communautaires. Elle couvre l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la\ndocumentation, \u00e0 l\u2019assistance, aux possibilit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et aux services globaux visant\n\u00e0 pr\u00e9venir et lutter contre les violences sexuelles et de genre.\n\n\n15. Encourager la participation de jeunes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est rest\u00e9 un point essentiel pour le\nHCR. Le Conseil consultatif mondial du HCR pour les jeunes a propos\u00e9 des\nrecommandations pour le Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment lors des discussions\nth\u00e9matiques ayant eu lieu en 2017. Dans la r\u00e9gion Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord\n(MENA), le HCR et le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l\u2019enfance (UNICEF) ont organis\u00e9 des\nconsultations nationales pour les jeunes impliquant des autorit\u00e9s publiques, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\net des repr\u00e9sentants de jeunes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, pour rechercher les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les\nprogrammes pour les jeunes. Au Pakistan, l\u2019Initiative _Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas_ a\nmis l\u2019accent sur la responsabilisation des jeunes par l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la formation\nprofessionnelle et l\u2019appui pour les moyens d\u2019existence. Le Fonds de l\u2019initiative du HCR\npour les jeunes a permis de soutenir plus de 40 projets en mati\u00e8re de protection, dirig\u00e9s par\ndes jeunes, en mettant l\u2019accent sur l\u2019engagement des jeunes et la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Des\ninitiatives sportives contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 promouvoir l\u2019inclusion sociale ainsi que des\nespaces s\u00fbrs pour les enfants et les jeunes. Parmi ces initiatives, on peut citer la mise en\nplace par le Comit\u00e9 international olympique d\u2019une Fondation olympique pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net la Campagne #SignAndPass du HCR et de la Fondation du Football Club de Barcelone.\n\n\n16. La lutte contre la discrimination et les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes n\u00e9fastes li\u00e9s au genre constitue un\nautre domaine inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection. Le HCR a men\u00e9 des initiatives visant \u00e0\nassurer la coh\u00e9sion sociale et \u00e0 mettre fin aux clivages culturels. Ces initiatives\ncomprennent l\u2019appui aux festivals alimentaires pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans 13 villes d\u2019Europe et\n\n\n[2 Disponible \u00e0 http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/environment/596f1bb47/planned-relocation-](http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/environment/596f1bb47/planned-relocation-toolbox.html)\n\ntoolbox.html.\n3 Disponible \u00e0 http://www.unhcr.org/protection/environment/596f25467/unhcr-climate-change\ndisasters-displacement.html.\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nla poursuite de la s\u00e9rie _No Stranger Place_, \u00e9tablissant le profil de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de leurs\nfamilles d\u2019accueil par de puissants r\u00e9cits m\u00e9diatiques [4] .\n\n#### **III. Partage de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s**\n\n\n17. En fin 2017, environ 85 % des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le monde \u00e9taient accueillis par les pays\nen d\u00e9veloppement, faisant face \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et ayant le moins de\nressources pour \u00eatre en mesure de r\u00e9pondre aux d\u00e9fis. Le principe du partage de la charge et\ndes responsabilit\u00e9s est fond\u00e9 sur le droit international. Il s\u2019explique par le fait que l\u2019accueil\nd\u2019un grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s exerce souvent des pressions sur les pays affect\u00e9s et qu\u2019une\nr\u00e9ponse satisfaisante ne saurait \u00eatre assur\u00e9e sans une coop\u00e9ration internationale. Demeure\nessentiel, l\u2019\u00e9largissement de la base d\u2019appui pour la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nl\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et entre les parties prenantes au plan national, r\u00e9gional et\ninternational.\n\n\n18. Des progr\u00e8s satisfaisants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s dans l\u2019application du Cadre d\u2019action\nglobal pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, actuellement en cours dans 14 pays. Des approches r\u00e9gionales en\nAfrique et dans les Am\u00e9riques, dirig\u00e9es par les pays concern\u00e9s avec l\u2019appui de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 internationale, se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00eatre efficaces pour r\u00e9gler les situations tant\nnouvelles que prolong\u00e9es. Conform\u00e9ment aux engagements pris en mars 2017 dans la\nD\u00e9claration et le Plan d\u2019action de Nairobi, les \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9\nintergouvernementale pour le d\u00e9veloppement (IGAD) ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 suivre une approche\nr\u00e9gionale globale pour les solutions durables en faveur des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s somaliens, avec des\npolitiques d\u2019asile plus harmonis\u00e9es, la promotion de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services publics,\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration de politiques relatives aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hors des camps et la promotion du droit au\ntravail. Le Cadre r\u00e9gional global de protection et de solutions (connu sous son acronyme\nespagnol \u00ab MIRPS \u00bb), contenu dans la D\u00e9claration de San Pedro Sula d\u2019octobre 2017, met\nen place un m\u00e9canisme permettant de renforcer la protection et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les solutions,\ngr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une approche multipartite, sur la base des m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9gionaux de coop\u00e9ration et\nde partage de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s. Au Moyen-Orient, le HCR et le Programme\ndes Nations Unies pour le d\u00e9veloppement (PNUD) ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le Plan r\u00e9gional\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et r\u00e9silience (3RP) pour la crise syrienne, coordonnant plus de 240 partenaires qui\nsoutiennent les r\u00e9ponses nationales dans cinq principaux pays d\u2019accueil. Le 3RP et la\nStrat\u00e9gie de solutions pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans (SSAR) constituent de bons mod\u00e8les pour\nl\u2019application des r\u00e9ponses globales pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n19. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019approche multipartite soulign\u00e9e dans la D\u00e9claration de New\nYork, le HCR a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e avec les acteurs du\nd\u00e9veloppement. Son partenariat avec le Groupe de la Banque mondiale a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9,\nnotamment par un accord visant \u00e0 mettre en place un centre commun de donn\u00e9es sur le\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9. Le sous-guichet IDA-18 de la Banque mondiale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nconsacr\u00e9 aux pays \u00e0 faible revenu et le M\u00e9canisme mondial de financement concessionnel\npour les pays \u00e0 revenu interm\u00e9diaire ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9cisif dans l\u2019appui en faveur de\npolitiques plus inclusives pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et dans le renforcement des institutions. Les\nd\u00e9veloppements souhait\u00e9s comprennent \u00e9galement la publication, par le Comit\u00e9 d'aide au\nd\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Organisation de coop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomiques\n(OCDE), des orientations sur la gestion des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la planification et\nla coop\u00e9ration pour le d\u00e9veloppement, ainsi que la publication d\u2019une communication\nconjointe du PNUD et du HCR fixant les param\u00e8tres de coop\u00e9ration entre les deux\norganisations. Le R\u00e9seau de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile MENA sur le d\u00e9placement, soutenu par le\nHCR, a organis\u00e9 des consultations sur l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation et le renforcement de\nl\u2019approche engageant l\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, en vue de promouvoir la protection,\nl\u2019assistance et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux solutions.\n\n\n4 Voir www.unhcr.org/en-us/no-stranger-place.html.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "20. Se sont aussi intensifi\u00e9s, les efforts visant \u00e0 engager d\u2019autres acteurs comme les\nvilles et les municipalit\u00e9s, ainsi que les partenaires du secteur priv\u00e9. Dans le cadre de\nl\u2019initiative \u00ab _Cities of Solidarity_ \u00bb dans les Am\u00e9riques, qui s\u2019appuie sur le Plan d\u2019action du\nBr\u00e9sil, les \u00c9tats ont mis au point les crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9signation des villes de solidarit\u00e9. La\npremi\u00e8re r\u00e9union de la Coalition pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Europe qui vise \u00e0 r\u00e9unir les\nrepr\u00e9sentants de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans divers pays europ\u00e9ens et leur permettre de se faire entendre,\na \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e avec l\u2019appui de la mairie de Milan et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Le secteur priv\u00e9,\nnotamment des entreprises, des philanthropes et des fondations, ont contribu\u00e9 activement\naux discussions, faisant profiter de leur grande exp\u00e9rience en mati\u00e8re de technologie,\nd\u2019emplois, de formation professionnelle, d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables et d\u2019autres domaines. Le\ncamp d\u2019Azraq en Jordanie est devenu le premier camp des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aliment\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce aux\n\u00e9nergies renouvelables, financ\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la campagne _Brighter Lives for Refugees_ de la\nFondation IKEA. En novembre 2017, le HCR et l\u2019Association europ\u00e9enne de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\nont convenu de travailler ensemble pour fournir une \u00e9nergie fiable, durable et propre aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019appui du HCR, des groupes d\u2019employeurs et de travailleurs ont plaid\u00e9 en\nfaveur des droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et des migrants dans le processus\nmenant \u00e0 l\u2019adoption en juin 2017 par la Conf\u00e9rence internationale du travail de la\n[Recommandation 205 sur l\u2019emploi et le travail d\u00e9cent pour la r\u00e9silience et la paix. Le HCR](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:3330503:NO)\na sign\u00e9 une lettre d\u2019intention avec la Chambre de commerce internationale sur la\ncollaboration en mati\u00e8re d\u2019infrastructures, d\u2019\u00e9ducation et d\u2019emploi. Les chambres de\ncommerce \u00e0 travers le monde peuvent soutenir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 du\ntravail et la promotion de l\u2019appui du secteur priv\u00e9.\n\n#### **IV. Accueil et admission**\n\n\n**A.** **Admission**\n\n\n21. Le principe de non-refoulement constitue la pierre angulaire du r\u00e9gime international\nde protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Il est interdit d\u2019expulser ou de renvoyer, de quelque mani\u00e8re que\nce soit, un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res o\u00f9 sa vie ou sa libert\u00e9 pourrait \u00eatre menac\u00e9e.\nD\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, il prescrit aux \u00c9tats de garantir aux personnes sollicitant la\nprotection internationale l\u2019acc\u00e8s au territoire et aux proc\u00e9dures \u00e9quitables et efficaces\nd\u2019asile ou aux m\u00e9canismes de protection bas\u00e9s sur le groupe, surtout en cas d\u2019afflux massif.\nLe principe de non-refoulement est un compl\u00e9ment logique au droit de solliciter et\nd\u2019obtenir l\u2019asile, reconnu \u00e0 l\u2019article 14 de la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme,\ndont le soixante-dixi\u00e8me anniversaire sera c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 en 2018. Il est renforc\u00e9 par les\nobligations li\u00e9es au non-refoulement qu\u2019impose le droit international relatif aux droits de\nl\u2019homme.\n\n\n22. Le principe de non-refoulement et le droit de solliciter et d\u2019obtenir l\u2019asile ont\ncontinu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre respect\u00e9s par la plupart des \u00c9tats, notamment gr\u00e2ce au maintien des\npolitiques d\u2019ouverture des fronti\u00e8res. En Am\u00e9rique latine, par exemple, le Br\u00e9sil, la\nColombie et le P\u00e9rou ont gard\u00e9 leurs fronti\u00e8res ouvertes aux personnes venues du\nVenezuela (R\u00e9publique bolivarienne du), tout comme le Bangladesh pour recevoir les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Myanmar et l\u2019Ouganda accueillant les personnes fuyant le conflit au Soudan du\nSud. Dans le m\u00eame temps, il y a eu des cas o\u00f9 les personnes d\u00e9sireuses de demander l\u2019asile\nn\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de le faire, soit parce qu\u2019on les a emp\u00each\u00e9es de quitter le pays, soit\nparce que l\u2019admission leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9e aux fronti\u00e8res avec des barri\u00e8res physiques et\nadministratives. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, les mines et d\u2019autres engins explosifs, interdits par\nle droit international humanitaire, emp\u00eachent les d\u00e9placements \u00e0 travers les fronti\u00e8res. Le\nHCR a coop\u00e9r\u00e9 avec ses partenaires, notamment le Service de la lutte antimines de l'ONU,\npour sensibiliser aux mines. Certains pays ont de plus en plus recours aux mesures\nrestrictives de gestion frontali\u00e8re limitant la possibilit\u00e9 de rechercher la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Des\ncentaines de milliers de personnes ont essay\u00e9 d\u2019emprunter des voies terrestres et maritimes\ndangereuses, et beaucoup de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de migrants ont disparu ou perdu leur vie en mer.\nLe traitement des demandes hors du territoire et le transfert forc\u00e9 des demandeurs d\u2019asile\ndans des pays tiers, o\u00f9 leur protection internationale n\u2019est pas garantie, sont rest\u00e9s une\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nsource de pr\u00e9occupation et ont remis en cause la coop\u00e9ration internationale et le partage des\nresponsabilit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**B.** **Accueil et satisfaction des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques**\n\n\n23. Certaines r\u00e9gions ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s aux mouvements mixtes,\navec beaucoup de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des migrants. Des\nefforts sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s au plan international pour am\u00e9liorer la gestion des migrations, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un Pacte mondial pour des migrations s\u00fbres, ordonn\u00e9es et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Le\nHCR soutient activement le processus, comme pr\u00e9vu dans la D\u00e9claration de New York.\nS\u2019appuyant sur le Plan d\u2019action en dix points pour la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\nmigrations mixtes, le HCR continue \u00e0 renforcer la coop\u00e9ration op\u00e9rationnelle avec ses\npartenaires ; \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019information, l\u2019analyse et les connaissances ; \u00e0 promouvoir les\nbonnes pratiques afin d\u2019aider les \u00c9tats et d\u2019autres parties prenantes \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre plus\nefficacement aux mouvements mixtes. Il soutient notamment des dispositifs permettant\nd\u2019identifier, d\u2019examiner et d\u2019orienter les nouvelles arriv\u00e9es vers les services appropri\u00e9s, en\nfonction des besoins et ind\u00e9pendamment du statut des personnes concern\u00e9es. En Europe, le\nHCR a mis au point un syst\u00e8me \u00e9largi de gestion des informations sur le suivi de la\nprotection, afin de d\u2019assurer une collecte syst\u00e9matique et une harmonisation des\ninformations sur les probl\u00e8mes de protection rencontr\u00e9s par les demandeurs d\u2019asile aux\nfronti\u00e8res ou pr\u00e8s de celles-ci. Le syst\u00e8me soutiendra des interventions de protection ax\u00e9e\nsur des preuves, la coordination transfrontali\u00e8re et des initiatives de plaidoyer.\n\n\n24. Les mouvements mixtes par mer sont demeur\u00e9s un d\u00e9fi permanent. Le long de la\nroute de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale, les arriv\u00e9es en Europe ont plus que doubl\u00e9 en 2017,\npour d\u00e9passer le chiffre de 28 000. Si la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale est la route dominante,\nsurtout \u00e0 partir de Libye, un nombre limit\u00e9 de personnes ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 traverser la\nM\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale. Dans ce contexte, l\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments importants de la strat\u00e9gie du\nHCR pour la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale est le m\u00e9canisme de transit pour l\u2019\u00e9vacuation. Cr\u00e9\u00e9 en\nfin 2017 au Niger, avec l\u2019appui du Gouvernement nig\u00e9rien et de la Commission\neurop\u00e9enne, en coop\u00e9ration avec l\u2019OIM, ce m\u00e9canisme permet un traitement ordonn\u00e9 des\ndemandes faites par les demandeurs d\u2019asile et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e9vacu\u00e9s de Libye. En plus de son\nengagement op\u00e9rationnel renforc\u00e9, le HCR a fait du Groupe restreint pour la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\ncentrale une plateforme permettant de recueillir l\u2019engagement des \u00c9tats \u00e0 offrir des voies\nl\u00e9gales et s\u00fbres d\u2019admission. Il a \u00e9galement mis au point un ensemble de recommandations\npour les \u00c9tats en vue de pr\u00e9venir et de combattre la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains et les abus\nconnexes le long des routes vers la Libye et l\u2019Europe. En fin 2017, il a lanc\u00e9 la deuxi\u00e8me\nphase d\u2019une campagne de sensibilisation aux dangers de la travers\u00e9e de la Mer Rouge et du\nGolfe d\u2019Aden vers le Y\u00e9men, notamment \u00e0 la probabilit\u00e9 accrue d\u2019\u00eatre victime de la traite\nd\u2019\u00eatres humains et d\u2019autres abus, en mettant en lumi\u00e8re les r\u00e9cits des survivants. La\nsituation Y\u00e9men demeure hautement complexe, avec d\u2019importants d\u00e9fis humanitaires et\ns\u00e9curitaires ainsi que des d\u00e9placements internes \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, en plus des arriv\u00e9es\nconstantes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le cadre de mouvements mixtes.\n\n\n25. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les autres personnes en d\u00e9placement font face aux violences\nsexuelles et de genre, notamment \u00e0 la violence domestique, aux s\u00e9vices sexuels et au viol.\nLes mesures positives de lutte contre ces fl\u00e9aux comprennent des strat\u00e9gies visant \u00e0\npr\u00e9venir et \u00e0 combattre les violences sexuelles et de genre ; le recrutement d\u2019hommes et\nfemmes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour patrouiller dans les camps et les centres d\u2019accueil, signaler les cas \u00e0\nla police et contribuer au maintien de l\u2019ordre public ; et la mise en place de cl\u00f4tures, de\nl\u2019\u00e9clairage et des installations sanitaires et des lieux de couchage s\u00e9par\u00e9s et de meilleure\nqualit\u00e9 pour les femmes et pour les hommes. Des espaces s\u00fbrs pour les femmes et les\nenfants expos\u00e9s aux risques ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s dans beaucoup de r\u00e9gions, en plus\nd\u2019autres approches visant \u00e0 satisfaire les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des femmes et des filles,\ncomme l\u2019utilisation d\u2019agents de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019interpr\u00e8tes de sexe f\u00e9minin. Dans les Am\u00e9riques,\nle R\u00e9seau r\u00e9gional d\u2019espaces s\u00fbrs est pass\u00e9 de trois \u00e0 cinq pays membres, dont la Colombie\net le Venezuela (R\u00e9publique bolivarienne du). En Italie, le HCR a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la mise au\npoint de proc\u00e9dures op\u00e9rationnelles permanentes pour aider les victimes de la torture et a\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "adopt\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre les violences sexuelles et de genre. En Gr\u00e8ce, le HCR et\nle minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur ont sign\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente pour soutenir les femmes et\nles enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s expos\u00e9s aux risques. Un rapport du HCR sur les pratiques prometteuses\nen mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les sexes pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens dans la r\u00e9gion Moyen-Orient et\nAfrique du Nord a mis en exergue les initiatives men\u00e9es avec succ\u00e8s, y compris les mesures\nvisant \u00e0 lutter contre les violences sexuelles et de genre. Le HCR a \u00e9galement publi\u00e9 une\nrecherche sur la pr\u00e9valence des violences sexuelles et de genre contre les gar\u00e7ons et les\nhommes dans la situation syrienne, et a not\u00e9 que le travail de l\u2019enfant augmente l\u2019exposition\naux violences sexuelles et de genre. Le recours strat\u00e9gique \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation a permis de\ntrouver des solutions pour les cas urgents de protection, concernant souvent les personnes\nayant surv\u00e9cu aux violences sexuelles et de genre.\n\n\n26. Le HCR a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre l\u2019accent sur les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des victimes de la\ntraite d\u2019\u00eatres humains et sur les mesures visant \u00e0 lutter contre ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Pour renforcer\nla coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, le HCR, l\u2019OIM et _Heartland Alliance_ ont codirig\u00e9 une \u00e9quipe\nsp\u00e9ciale du groupe mondial charg\u00e9 de la protection sur la lutte contre la traite d\u2019\u00eatres\nhumains. Le HCR participe \u00e9galement au Groupe interinstitutions de coordination contre la\ntraite de personnes. Il a contribu\u00e9 au texte intitul\u00e9 \u00ab _Issues brief no. 3 on trafficking in_\n_persons and refugee status_ \u00bb (Bulletin n [o] 3 sur la traite de personnes et le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9)\net a fourni aux \u00c9tats et aux praticiens des recommandations pratiques sur les liens entre la\ntraite d\u2019\u00eatres humains et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Il a aid\u00e9 les \u00c9tats \u00e0 appliquer d\u2019une\nmani\u00e8re coh\u00e9rente les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile et d\u2019autres proc\u00e9dures visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les\nvictimes de la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains. Le document intitul\u00e9 \u00ab _Joint guidelines for the_\n_identification of victims of trafficking among asylum-seekers_ \u00bb (Orientations conjointes\npour l\u2019identification des victimes de la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains parmi les demandeurs d\u2019asile)\na \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point en coop\u00e9ration avec la Commission nationale pour l\u2019asile d\u2019Italie, ce qui\na donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une orientation accrue vers les proc\u00e9dures nationales.\n\n\n27. En 2017, environ 52 % des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le monde \u00e9taient des enfants. L\u2019Argentine,\nle Br\u00e9sil et le Panama ont mis en place de nouveaux protocoles nationaux pour veiller \u00e0 ce\nque les enfants aient acc\u00e8s aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile, compte tenu de leur int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur et\nde la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de promouvoir le regroupement familial et les alternatives \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention.\nEl Salvador et le Honduras ont introduit des proc\u00e9dures interinstitutionnelles pour l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat\nsup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019enfant en vue de renforcer la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019identification et de r\u00e9ponse en faveur\ndes enfants expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s au nord de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale.\n\n\n28. Pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019enfant, le HCR a travaill\u00e9 avec ses partenaires\npour soutenir des arrangements sp\u00e9cifiques pour les enfants, notamment des arrangements\nalternatifs de soins pour ceux s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs familles, des dispositions pour la tutelle, des\nproc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9termination de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur, de l\u2019appui psychosocial et, si possible,\nl\u2019inclusion d\u2019enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de protection de l\u2019enfant.\nPlusieurs pays ont accord\u00e9 la priorit\u00e9 aux besoins sp\u00e9ciaux des enfants non accompagn\u00e9s,\nnotamment le Br\u00e9sil et la Serbie. En Europe, le HCR, l\u2019UNICEF, et le Comit\u00e9 international\nde secours ont mis en place un processus consultatif permettant de soutenir les \u00c9tats dans le\nrenforcement des r\u00e9ponses en mati\u00e8re de protection pour les enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et\ns\u00e9par\u00e9s. Le HCR, l\u2019Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) et l\u2019UNICEF ont mis au\npoint un cadre strat\u00e9gique r\u00e9gional pour lutter contre le travail de l\u2019enfant dans la situation\nsyrienne, avec un accent sur la promotion de la protection de l\u2019enfant ; les moyens\nd\u2019existence et l\u2019assistance en esp\u00e8ces pour les familles ; et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une \u00e9ducation de\nqualit\u00e9. Le HCR a soutenu les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats et ses partenaires pour\nregrouper les membres de famille, et a plaid\u00e9 en faveur d\u2019approches souples lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit\nde d\u00e9terminer qui fait partie de la famille. L\u2019Allemagne, qui autorise le regroupement\nfamilial aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s auxquels elle accorde la protection, est assist\u00e9e par l\u2019OIM au Liban et\nen Turquie dans la facilitation des proc\u00e9dures de visa.\n\n\n29. Une meilleure pratique \u00e9tatique suppose des alternatives \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention pour les\npersonnes ayant besoin de protection internationale. Ces alternatives comprennent la mise\nen libert\u00e9 sous la garde des institutions locales et le logement ouvert en liaison avec les\norganismes de bien-\u00eatre, modalit\u00e9s assorties de l\u2019exigence de se pr\u00e9senter. La d\u00e9tention\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nd\u2019enfants pour des motifs li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019immigration n\u2019est jamais consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant dans\nleur int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur, quel que soit leur statut juridique ou migratoire, ou celui de leurs\nparents, car elle compromet gravement leur bien-\u00eatre et leur \u00e9panouissement. Dans le cadre\nde la strat\u00e9gie mondiale du HCR visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention, un certain nombre de\npays ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire part de pratiques positives, avec notamment peu de cas de\nd\u00e9tention d\u2019enfants en Lituanie, en Malaisie et au Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et\nd\u2019Irlande du Nord. Dans beaucoup de cas, les alternatives concernant les enfants et leurs\nfamilles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es. Toutefois, les demandeurs d\u2019asile ont malheureusement\ncontinu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenus dans beaucoup de pays, sans que des alternatives soient examin\u00e9es.\nDes d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s aux conditions d\u2019accueil persistent aussi, notamment le surpeuplement et\nl\u2019absence de capacit\u00e9s pour identifier et assister les personnes ayant des besoins\nsp\u00e9cifiques. Est particuli\u00e8rement inqui\u00e9tante, la situation sur les \u00eeles grecques de la mer\n\u00c9g\u00e9e o\u00f9 des milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivent dans des conditions inappropri\u00e9s et font face \u00e0 des\nrisques de protection.\n\n\n**C.** **Identification des personnes ayant besoin de protection internationale**\n\n\n30. Des syst\u00e8mes efficaces d\u2019enregistrement permettent aux \u00c9tats d\u2019identifier les\nnouvelles arriv\u00e9es, surtout dans le cadre des d\u00e9placements massifs, afin de veiller \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes de protection et de pr\u00e9venir la fraude et la corruption.\nL\u2019enregistrement facilite l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et l\u2019identification des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, et\nfournit des informations indispensables pour les solutions. Le Br\u00e9sil a introduit de\nnouveaux formulaires d\u2019enregistrement qui permettent de mieux r\u00e9unir les donn\u00e9es sur les\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile et leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 afin d\u2019\u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s entre les cas. En Gr\u00e8ce,\nles autorit\u00e9s ont progressivement accru leur pr\u00e9sence dans les centres d\u2019enregistrement et\nd\u2019identification, et ont de ce fait permis au HCR de r\u00e9duire son engagement op\u00e9rationnel,\nen continuant d\u2019assurer le r\u00f4le de contr\u00f4le. En mai 2018, le HCR avait enregistr\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on\nbiom\u00e9trique 5,3 millions de personnes dans 50 op\u00e9rations. Un outil de distribution dans le\nmonde, utilisant la biom\u00e9trie pour v\u00e9rifier l\u2019identit\u00e9 au point de distribution d\u2019aliments, est\nutilis\u00e9 dans plusieurs pays, y compris tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment au Br\u00e9sil et en Ouganda. Le HCR a\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la mise au point des recommandations sur les statistiques de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, adopt\u00e9es\nen mars 2018 par la Commission de statistique de l\u2019ONU, qui encourage les donn\u00e9es\ndistinctes par \u00e2ge et par sexe sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes.\n\n\n31. La Convention de 1951 ne s\u2019\u00e9tend pas sur les proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9termination du statut\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Il est pourtant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reconnu que des proc\u00e9dures \u00e9quitables et efficaces\nde d\u00e9termination \u00e0 titre individuel du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 sont essentielles pour une application\npleine et inclusive de la Convention de 1951 et d\u2019autres conventions r\u00e9gionales, hormis les\nsituations \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Des proc\u00e9dures \u00e9quitables, efficaces et adaptables de\nd\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 exigent des institutions \u00e9tatiques solides pour garantir\nleur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et parvenir \u00e0 des d\u00e9cisions appropri\u00e9es, conformes au droit international. Dans\nles situations \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, la reconnaissance prima facie bas\u00e9e sur le groupe et, si\nn\u00e9cessaire, les m\u00e9canismes de protection temporaire, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats\navec l\u2019appui du HCR.\n\n\n32. Lorsque les \u00c9tats s\u2019engagent \u00e0 faire passer, du HCR aux institutions nationales, la\nresponsabilit\u00e9 pour la d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, un engagement soutenu est\nn\u00e9cessaire. Cela peut supposer l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une l\u00e9gislation nationale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nL\u2019Indon\u00e9sie et la Tha\u00eflande ont pris les premi\u00e8res mesures visant \u00e0 assumer leurs\nresponsabilit\u00e9s concernant la d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 tandis que d\u2019autres \u00c9tats\ncomme le Cameroun, le Maroc et la Turquie ont davantage progress\u00e9 \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Le HCR\ncontinue \u00e0 soutenir les institutions \u00e9tatiques charg\u00e9es de la d\u00e9termination du statut de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses initiatives d\u2019assurance qualit\u00e9 en Europe et en Am\u00e9rique\nlatine. Conform\u00e9ment au Cadre d\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, il recherche les approches\nsoutenant les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9tatiques de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 d\u2019une mani\u00e8re\nholistique, notamment par l\u2019\u00e9valuation et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s. Lorsque le HCR\nentreprend la d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en vertu de son mandat, en lieu et place\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019un syst\u00e8me \u00e9tatique fonctionnel, son engagement repose sur l\u2019impact potentiel en mati\u00e8re\nde protection, au vu de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 permettre aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits et de\ntrouver des solutions. Les mouvements mixtes pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9fis sp\u00e9cifiques pour la\nd\u00e9termination des besoins internationaux de protection. Le recours responsable aux\nmodalit\u00e9s diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es de traitement de cas apr\u00e8s examen, comme les proc\u00e9dures\nacc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es et simplifi\u00e9es, et la fusion des entretiens d\u2019enregistrement et de d\u00e9termination du\nstatut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 pour les cas b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de la pr\u00e9somption d\u2019inclusion, permettent\nd\u2019assurer l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9. Le HCR a soutenu beaucoup d\u2019\u00c9tats s\u2019effor\u00e7ant de r\u00e9duire\nles cas en attente de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, notamment par des mesures visant \u00e0\nassurer la qualit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la prise de d\u00e9cisions.\n\n\n33. La d\u00e9termination du statut d\u2019apatride est \u00e9galement fond\u00e9e en droit international.\nElle permet aux \u00c9tats de remplir leur engagement pris dans le cadre de la Convention de\n1954 relative au statut des apatrides. Pour \u00eatre efficaces, les proc\u00e9dures doivent tenir\ncompte des facteurs sp\u00e9cifiques aux pays, comme la taille et la diversit\u00e9 estim\u00e9es de la\npopulation apatride et la complexit\u00e9 des questions juridiques et de preuves devant \u00eatre\nexamin\u00e9es. Le HCR a salu\u00e9 les d\u00e9cisions prises par le Br\u00e9sil, l\u2019\u00c9quateur et le Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro\nd\u2019\u00e9tablir des proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9termination du statut d\u2019apatride.\n\n\n34. Les consid\u00e9rations nationales relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la protection internationale\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent et doivent \u00eatre compl\u00e9mentaires. Conscient du fait que les \u00c9tats\nd\u2019accueil peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es, qui prot\u00e8gent les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en\ngarantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, le HCR et le Comit\u00e9 international de la Croix-Rouge ont\nmis au point un aide-m\u00e9moire fournissant des orientations op\u00e9rationnelles sur le maintien\ndu caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites et zones d\u2019installation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes.\n\n#### **V. Satisfaire les besoins et soutenir les communaut\u00e9s**\n\n\n35. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que les solutions soient disponibles, le renforcement de l\u2019autonomie\npermet aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, non pas de d\u00e9pendre de leur pays d\u2019accueil, mais de contribuer \u00e0 son\nd\u00e9veloppement. Il les pr\u00e9pare aux solutions durables, notamment le rapatriement volontaire.\nLe HCR encourage l\u2019autonomie, et ce, dans l\u2019esprit de l\u2019engagement contenu dans\nl\u2019Agenda 2030 pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable de ne pas faire de laiss\u00e9s-pour-compte,\nl\u2019engagement du Sommet humanitaire mondial en faveur d\u2019une \u00ab nouvelle m\u00e9thode de\ntravail \u00bb et du Cadre d\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. L\u2019abandon des pratiques ant\u00e9rieures\nde confinement dans des camps et de services parall\u00e8les pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s t\u00e9moigne de la\nreconnaissance accrue des avantages que comporte le soutien de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux\nsyst\u00e8mes nationaux, notamment d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de sant\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019au march\u00e9 du travail. De\ntelles approches r\u00e9duisent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et renforcent le capital humain en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant aux\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des services et syst\u00e8mes renforc\u00e9s. Lorsque l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire est fournie, elle doit l\u2019\u00eatre de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier aux communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil,\ny compris si possible par des prestataires locaux. Beaucoup de pays, dont l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, la\nR\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran, le Kenya, le Pakistan, l\u2019Ouganda et la Zambie, sont rest\u00e9s\nconstants dans leur g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 envers les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et ont pris des mesures pour promouvoir\nl\u2019autonomie, notamment par l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la formation professionnelle et les moyens\nd\u2019existence. M\u00eame si une autonomie accrue exige souvent des changements de politiques,\nles efforts doivent \u00eatre poursuivis de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 contribuer aux infrastructures, aux services\net aux \u00e9conomies des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**A.** **\u00c9ducation**\n\n\n36. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Convention de 1951, aux objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable et\nau Cadre d\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le HCR a plaid\u00e9 pour l\u2019inclusion des enfants et\njeunes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9ducatifs nationaux. Avec l\u2019appui du programme _Educate_\n_A Child_, il a travaill\u00e9 pour \u00e9tendre l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux \u00e9tudes primaires, d\u00e9passant le double de son\nobjectif de 2017. L\u2019apprentissage en ligne, combin\u00e9 aux plateformes num\u00e9riques avec\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nl\u2019enseignement classique dans des salles de classe, a permis des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0\n3 500 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Afghanistan, au Tchad, en Iraq, en Jordanie, au Kenya, au Malawi, au\nRwanda, au Sri Lanka, au Soudan et en Tha\u00eflande. De plus, 6 700 bourses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9es\npar l\u2019Initiative acad\u00e9mique allemande Albert Einstein pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (DAFI) en vue de\nsoutenir les \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures pour les \u00e9tudiants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans 50 pays. En d\u00e9cembre 2017,\nles \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019IGAD ont adopt\u00e9 la D\u00e9claration de Djibouti, les engageant \u00e0 inclure\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les plans nationaux d\u2019\u00e9ducation ici \u00e0 2020. En avril 2018, la D\u00e9claration\nde Nairobi a cr\u00e9\u00e9 de nouveaux engagements pour les \u00c9tats de rendre les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9ducatifs\nplus inclusifs pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n37. Le HCR a continu\u00e9 de soutenir une inscription \u00e9largie pour des \u00e9tudes formelles,\navec un accroissement du taux mondial d\u2019inscription dans le primaire, qui est pass\u00e9 de 50\n% en 2016 \u00e0 61 % en 2017. Un programme ciblant les jeunes a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 au Kenya, au\nPakistan, au Rwanda et en Ouganda, en vue d\u2019accro\u00eetre les possibilit\u00e9s de formation\nprofessionnelle et d\u2019\u00e9ducation, notamment postsecondaire. Dans les pays o\u00f9 il existe des\nbarri\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, comme la langue d\u2019enseignement, l\u2019absence de documents\nd\u2019identit\u00e9, les frais d\u2019\u00e9colage et le titre de s\u00e9jour, le HCR a salu\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par\ndes \u00c9tats pour les lever, en particulier \u00e0 Belize, en \u00c9thiopie, en R\u00e9publique islamique\nd\u2019Iran, au Panama et en Turquie. \u00c0 S\u00e3o Paolo, l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative a approuv\u00e9 un\nprojet de loi accordant la dispense de frais pour la validation des dipl\u00f4mes universitaires\nobtenus par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Un accord de coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 avec l\u2019Organisation\ndes \u00c9tats ib\u00e9ro-am\u00e9ricains pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture, en vue de faciliter\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour les personnes relevant la comp\u00e9tence du HCR dans les\nAm\u00e9riques. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, le HCR a lanc\u00e9 le Syst\u00e8me de gestion de l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, devant l\u2019aider \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour une\nprogrammation et un suivi am\u00e9lior\u00e9s.\n\n\n**B.** **Emploi et moyens d\u2019existence**\n\n\n38. La fourniture aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux possibilit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et la\npromotion de leur inclusion contribuent aux \u00e9conomies des pays d\u2019accueil et permettent de\nrenforcer leur autonomie. Ces personnes peuvent ainsi satisfaire leurs besoins et se pr\u00e9parer\npour des solutions. La recommandation 205 de l\u2019OIT encourage les \u00c9tats \u00e0 promouvoir\nl\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par l\u2019extension de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens d\u2019existence et au march\u00e9 du\ntravail, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 soutenir les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. En mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9placement, le\nHCR et l\u2019OIT coop\u00e8rent \u00e9troitement pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 du travail et\nrenforcer l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la D\u00e9claration de l\u2019OIT sur les principes fondamentaux et les droits\nau travail, y compris l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de travail et de la protection sociale. Les\ndeux organisations travaillent aussi pour promouvoir un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique\ninclusif dans les pays d\u2019accueil, am\u00e9liorant les moyens d\u2019existence, tant pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es que pour les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n39. L\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au march\u00e9 du travail et aux avantages de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale peut\nsubir les pressions de la situation \u00e9conomique et des difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es au d\u00e9veloppement\nauxquels le pays d\u2019accueil fait face. Au vu de telles contraintes, les informations fiables\nsont n\u00e9cessaires sur l\u2019impact des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur le march\u00e9 du travail et les besoins de la\nmain-d\u2019\u0153uvre et des employeurs. Le HCR a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler avec les \u00c9tats pour\ngarantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la formation professionnelle, assurer la reconnaissance des dipl\u00f4mes, la\nlibert\u00e9 de mouvement et d\u00e9livrer des pi\u00e8ces. Le Costa Rica, l\u2019\u00c9quateur et le Mexique\ncoop\u00e8rent avec le secteur priv\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En\navril 2018, le HCR et l\u2019OCDE ont lanc\u00e9 un plan d\u2019action innovant et multipartite pour\ncollaborer avec les employeurs dans le recrutement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n40. En plus de renforcer la protection, les services financiers (y compris l\u2019assistance en\nesp\u00e8ces) facilitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux possibilit\u00e9s de moyens d\u2019existence et au march\u00e9\ndu travail. Au Mexique, la Commission nationale des banques et des valeurs mobili\u00e8res\npermettra aux \u00e9trangers (y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s) d\u2019utiliser les documents d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par\nl\u2019Institut national des migrations comme pi\u00e8ces d\u2019identit\u00e9 pour avoir acc\u00e8s aux services\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "financiers. En Zambie, la Banque centrale a accept\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre les cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme preuve de l\u2019identit\u00e9 pour recevoir des subventions en esp\u00e8ces. En 2017, le\nHCR a fourni 502 millions de dollars E.-U. d\u2019assistance en esp\u00e8ces, dont le tiers avait \u00e9t\u00e9\nconsacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la satisfaction des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques dans 42 op\u00e9rations, notamment pour\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation, afin de faciliter le retour et de r\u00e9duire les strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9fastes d\u2019adaptation\ncomme les relations sexuelles transactionnelles et le travail de l\u2019enfant. L\u2019assistance en\nesp\u00e8ces, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019assistance en nature et \u00e0 d\u2019autres services, ont permis au HCR et \u00e0 ses\npartenaires d\u2019assurer des r\u00e9ponses sp\u00e9cifiques aux contextes. Ils ont ainsi pu am\u00e9liorer les\nr\u00e9sultats en mati\u00e8re de protection, permettre aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s\ndans leurs besoins et contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9silience gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019inclusion socio-\u00e9conomique, l\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux services nationaux et aux programmes sociaux. Le HCR a renforc\u00e9 son partenariat,\nnotamment avec le Programme alimentaire mondial, pour \u00e9largir les interventions en\nesp\u00e8ces, et avec le Fonds d'\u00e9quipement des Nations Unies pour cr\u00e9er un fonds d\u2019assistance\ntechnique en vue de fournir des services financiers aux populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Afin de\npromouvoir l\u2019inclusion financi\u00e8re des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le HCR a renforc\u00e9 son partenariat avec\nl\u2019Agence su\u00e9doise de coop\u00e9ration internationale pour le d\u00e9veloppement en Jordanie et en\nOuganda, et avec _Financial Sector Deepening Africa_ au Rwanda.\n\n\n**C.** **Documentation et identit\u00e9 juridique**\n\n\n41. L\u2019enregistrement des actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil est tr\u00e8s important pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Il constitue un instrument majeur de protection, en particulier pour les femmes et\nles filles. Il permet d\u2019\u00e9tablir l\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique et de pr\u00e9venir l\u2019apatridie, et est\nindispensable pour avoir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 l\u2019emploi, au logement et aux soins\nm\u00e9dicaux. Le Gouvernement \u00e9thiopien a adopt\u00e9 des mesures l\u00e9gislatives pour garantir\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement des naissances et aux documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En\n\u00c9quateur, le service d\u2019\u00e9tat civil a entam\u00e9 un processus d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nreconnus dans sa base de donn\u00e9es pour leur d\u00e9livrer des pi\u00e8ces d\u2019identit\u00e9 semblables \u00e0\ncelles d\u00e9livr\u00e9es aux nationaux. Le Pakistan a lanc\u00e9 une op\u00e9ration au niveau national pour\nenregistrer les Afghans sans pi\u00e8ces. Le Conseil ex\u00e9cutif de l\u2019Union africaine a adopt\u00e9 une\nd\u00e9cision exhortant les \u00c9tats membres \u00e0 inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les\npersonnes expos\u00e9es aux risques d\u2019apatridie dans les syst\u00e8mes de statistiques vitales et\nd\u2019enregistrement des actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil. \u00c0 une r\u00e9union du Conseil d\u2019\u00e9tat civil, d\u2019identit\u00e9 et\nde statistiques vitales de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et des Cara\u00efbes, 17 directeurs de services d\u2019\u00e9tat\ncivil se sont accord\u00e9s sur le fait que la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale est n\u00e9cessaire pour donner une\nidentit\u00e9 juridique \u00e0 tous, notamment par l\u2019enregistrement universel des naissances. Ils se\nsont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 travailler \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9limination des causes d\u2019apatridie. Pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la\nreconnaissance de l\u2019identit\u00e9 est essentielle \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une solution durable. La preuve\nde l\u2019identit\u00e9 permet aux \u00c9tats d\u2019avoir des informations exactes sur les personnes vivant sur\nleur territoire, ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9laboration de plans \u00e9conomiques et\nsociaux. Le HCR travaille avec les \u00c9tats, le Groupe de la Banque mondiale et d\u2019autres\npartenaires pour renforcer les capacit\u00e9s nationales en mati\u00e8re d\u2019identification et\nd\u2019enregistrement des actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil, et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux personnes relevant de sa\ncomp\u00e9tence, y compris les groupes marginalis\u00e9s et vuln\u00e9rables. L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux documents\nd\u2019\u00e9tat civil, notamment aux actes de naissance, constitue une priorit\u00e9 dans le 3RP.\n\n\n42. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les apatrides ont droit \u00e0 un document de voyage d\u00e9livr\u00e9 par le pays\nde r\u00e9sidence l\u00e9gale, qui favorise la libert\u00e9 d\u2019aller et venir ainsi que les solutions. En\noctobre 2017, le Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif a adopt\u00e9 une conclusion sur la protection internationale\n(n [o ] 114 (LXVIII)) relative aux documents de voyage lisibles \u00e0 la machine pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net les apatrides, et a reconnu leur importance et les bonnes pratiques dans leur d\u00e9livrance \u00e0\ntravers le monde. Pendant la p\u00e9riode consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, plusieurs pays sont pass\u00e9s aux documents\nlisibles \u00e0 la machine, r\u00e9affirmant ainsi la valeur de la conclusion pour les \u00c9tats, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net les apatrides.\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n#### **VI. Solutions**\n\n\n43. La fin des d\u00e9placements exige des solutions adapt\u00e9es aux circonstances sp\u00e9cifiques\net aux besoins des populations, notamment les trois solutions durables classiques que sont\nle rapatriement volontaire, la r\u00e9installation et l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale, et d\u2019autres voies\nd\u2019admission dans des pays tiers offrant d\u2019autres possibilit\u00e9s de protection et de solution.\nPour consolider l\u2019engagement du HCR \u00e0 rechercher des solutions pour les personnes\nrelevant de sa comp\u00e9tence, une Division de la r\u00e9silience et des solutions a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e. Hormis\nl\u2019appui \u00e0 l\u2019application du Cadre d\u2019action global pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la Division fournira des\norientations dans des domaines essentiels comme l\u2019\u00e9ducation, les moyens d\u2019existence,\nl\u2019autonomie et la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration. Il mettra aussi l\u2019accent sur la collaboration avec les\npartenaires du d\u00e9veloppement et la promotion de l\u2019inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les services\nnationaux.\n\n\n**A.** **Rapatriement volontaire**\n\n\n44. Le rapatriement volontaire est la solution pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e par beaucoup de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. S\u2019il\nincombe principalement aux pays d\u2019origine de permettre le rapatriement, un appui soutenu\nde la communaut\u00e9 internationale est n\u00e9cessaire pour promouvoir les conditions favorables \u00e0\nun retour s\u00fbr et durable. Tout d\u2019abord, il est important de reconna\u00eetre le droit au retour. Les\nfacteurs qui conditionnent habituellement la jouissance de ce droit comprennent la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; la bonne gouvernance et l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit, y compris au niveau local ; l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nservices, en particulier aux soins de sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ; la restitution des terres et des\nbiens, et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement, aux documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil et aux possibilit\u00e9s de moyens\nd\u2019existence. Sont souvent n\u00e9cessaires pour favoriser le retour, les mesures prises par divers\nacteurs, notamment les activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 restaurer la confiance et \u00e0 renforcer les capacit\u00e9s,\nle suivi efficace des personnes rapatri\u00e9es et des paquets de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration. Ces mesures ne\nsauraient cependant remplacer l\u2019engagement de l\u2019\u00c9tat et la volont\u00e9 politique de mettre fin\nau conflit et de restaurer la paix.\n\n\n45. Le Bangladesh et le Myanmar ont conclu au plan bilat\u00e9ral un \u00ab Arrangement pour le\nretour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de l\u2019\u00c9tat de Rakhine \u00bb en novembre 2017 et un autre\n\u00ab Arrangement physique [correspondant] pour le rapatriement des r\u00e9sidents du Myanmar\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s du Bangladesh \u00bb en janvier 2018. Ces arrangements \u00e9noncent les engagements\nimportants des deux gouvernements \u00e0 assurer aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s le retour volontaire, en s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net dans la dignit\u00e9 \u00e0 leur lieu d\u2019origine. M\u00eame si le HCR n\u2019est pas partie \u00e0 ces arrangements,\nil a sign\u00e9 en avril 2018 avec le Gouvernement du Bangladesh un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente\nsur le rapatriement volontaire en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dans la dignit\u00e9. Toutefois, le HCR consid\u00e8re\nque les conditions au Myanmar ne sont pas encore favorables \u00e0 un tel rapatriement. Il\nexhorte le Myanmar \u00e0 prendre des mesures concr\u00e8tes pour cr\u00e9er ces conditions,\nconform\u00e9ment aux recommandations de la Commission consultative sur l\u2019\u00c9tat de Rakhine,\nnotamment en s\u2019attaquant aux causes profondes des d\u00e9placements et en fournissant des\nvoies d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9. Le HCR est engag\u00e9 \u00e0 aider le Myanmar \u00e0 cr\u00e9er les\nconditions favorables \u00e0 un rapatriement volontaire, s\u00fbr et digne des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Depuis mars\n2018, il a engag\u00e9, avec le PNUD, des discussions avec le Gouvernement du Myanmar sur\nun m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente tripartite relatif au rapatriement volontaire et sur la reprise et le\nd\u00e9veloppement pour toutes les communaut\u00e9s dans l\u2019\u00c9tat de Rakhine.\n\n\n46. En Iraq, la protection, notamment par des retours s\u00fbrs et durables, est indispensable\npour la reprise et la stabilisation. Le HCR a plaid\u00e9 en faveur de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux documents\nd\u2019\u00e9tat civil et \u00e0 des informations exactes sur les conditions dans les lieux d\u2019origine. Il a\naussi soutenu les activit\u00e9s de regroupement familial. L\u2019application du Cadre d\u2019action global\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s somaliens a mis l\u2019accent sur la r\u00e9alisation\ndes solutions durables, en particulier la cr\u00e9ation des conditions favorables \u00e0 un retour\nvolontaire, s\u00fbr et digne. Cela suppose des mesures visant \u00e0 renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e0\nd\u00e9velopper les capacit\u00e9s des autorit\u00e9s et \u00e0 soutenir le plan national de d\u00e9veloppement du\npays concern\u00e9, pour le bien des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Avec l\u2019appui du Fonds de consolidation de la paix\ndes Nations Unies, un projet transfrontalier entre le Kenya et la Somalie vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l\u2019int\u00e9gration des personnes retourn\u00e9es en Somalie. De plus, un syst\u00e8me de suivi apr\u00e8s le\nretour a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 en octobre 2017 pour \u00e9tablir le profil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s somaliens retourn\u00e9s.\n\n\n47. En Afghanistan, le HCR a renforc\u00e9 son syst\u00e8me de suivi des retours. Toutefois, les\nretours durables sont devenus plus difficiles \u00e0 cause de la poursuite des violences, de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la capacit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e d\u2019absorption dans les zones de retour en raison du\nmanque de moyens d\u2019existence, de la mauvaise gestion des terres et du manque d\u2019un abri\nappropri\u00e9. La cinqui\u00e8me r\u00e9union du Comit\u00e9 directeur quadripartite impliquant les\nR\u00e9publiques islamiques d\u2019Afghanistan, d\u2019Iran et du Pakistan ainsi que le HCR, a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9\nl\u2019importance de la Strat\u00e9gie de solutions pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans en vue de soutenir le\nrapatriement volontaire, la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration durable et l\u2019assistance aux pays d\u2019accueil (SSAR).\nLes parties ont r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 leur engagement \u00e0 continuer de travailler ensemble pour faciliter le\nretour volontaire des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dans la dignit\u00e9, et \u00e0 mener ensemble\ndes efforts pour mobiliser les ressources. Le Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif afghan sur le d\u00e9placement et\nles personnes retourn\u00e9es a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 rassembler les principaux acteurs pour mettre au point\nune strat\u00e9gie permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9cart entre l\u2019action humanitaire et l\u2019action de\nd\u00e9veloppement. Il a adopt\u00e9 une approche engageant l\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour r\u00e9gler les\nquestions comme la documentation, l\u2019enregistrement et les terres pour les personnes\nretourn\u00e9es. Le HCR et le Groupe de la Banque mondiale ont sign\u00e9 un accord de partage des\ndonn\u00e9es en vue de mieux soutenir la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans rapatri\u00e9s, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nune collecte et une analyse am\u00e9lior\u00e9es des donn\u00e9es.\n\n\n48. \u00c0 la suite de la r\u00e9union de la Commission tripartite pour le rapatriement volontaire\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s burundais, impliquant les gouvernements du Burundi et de la R\u00e9publique-Unie\nde Tanzanie, le HCR a aid\u00e9 en 2017 environ 13 000 personnes \u00e0 rentrer chez elles. Il a\nsoutenu le rapatriement volontaire de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, au Mali, au Sri Lanka et au\nSoudan, entre autres. A suscit\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes, le retour forc\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Nig\u00e9ria,\nmalgr\u00e9 les efforts et les engagements pris dans le cadre d\u2019arrangements tripartites,\nnotamment un accord entre le Gouvernement nig\u00e9rian, le Gouvernement camerounais, et le\nHCR. Au Honduras, un projet visant \u00e0 identifier les terres pouvant \u00e9ventuellement faire\nl\u2019objet de contestations dans les zones futures de retour a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 avec l\u2019assistance\ntechnique de la Colombie.\n\n\n**B.** **R\u00e9installation**\n\n\n49. La r\u00e9installation est reconnue comme \u00e9tant, non seulement un outil strat\u00e9gique de\nprotection et de solution, mais aussi un m\u00e9canisme tangible de partage de la charge et des\nresponsabilit\u00e9s. Dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et\ndes difficult\u00e9s de protection et de solution dans le monde, les besoins de r\u00e9installation\nidentifi\u00e9s par le HCR ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 depuis 2014. Actuellement, le\nnombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ayant besoin d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s a atteint le chiffre sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de 1,2\nmillion.\n\n\n50. Contrairement \u00e0 2016, o\u00f9 les \u00c9tats avaient offert plus de 163 200 places pour la\nr\u00e9installation, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2017 a connu une r\u00e9duction de 54 % pour tomber \u00e0 75 190 places.\nCette tendance \u00e0 la baisse des quotas mondiaux de r\u00e9installation devrait se poursuivre en\n2018. La r\u00e9duction a eu des effets sur la capacit\u00e9 du HCR \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux nouvelles\npriorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9installation, notamment dans les pays le long de la route de la\nM\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale, et \u00e0 maintenir et \u00e9largir les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens et les personnes vuln\u00e9rables dans les pays d\u2019application du Cadre d\u2019action\nglobal pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les places offertes par les \u00c9tats pour les cas urgents ayant continu\u00e9\n\u00e0 diminuer en 2017, le HCR n\u2019a pu pr\u00e9senter qu\u2019environ 2 090 cas dans ces cat\u00e9gories \u2013 ce\nqui repr\u00e9sente une diminution de 40 % par rapport \u00e0 2015. Il a n\u00e9anmoins pu veiller \u00e0 ce\nque plus de 10 % des cas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s pour la r\u00e9installation en 2017 soient ceux des femmes et\nfilles expos\u00e9es aux risques.\n\n\n51. Le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9installation a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 des pressions li\u00e9es \u00e0 un accent\naccru sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et au d\u00e9sir de certains \u00c9tats d\u2019utiliser la r\u00e9installation comme\nun outil de gestion des migrations. Cette situation a davantage remis en cause la capacit\u00e9 du\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\nHCR \u00e0 assurer la protection pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s les plus vuln\u00e9rables, notamment ceux expos\u00e9s\n\u00e0 des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s de protection ou dont l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 est grave. L\u2019Organisation a plaid\u00e9\npour la poursuite des programmes de r\u00e9installation souples, diversifi\u00e9s et centr\u00e9s sur la\nprotection. Elle a notamment lanc\u00e9 des appels pour que le cadre propos\u00e9 de r\u00e9installation\nde l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne veille \u00e0 ce que les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation soient surtout\noffertes aux personnes les plus n\u00e9cessiteuses et qu\u2019elles contribuent effectivement au\npartage des responsabilit\u00e9s. D\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on esp\u00e8re que l\u2019adoption du Pacte\nmondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s donnera un nouvel \u00e9lan pour \u00e9largir la base d\u2019appui pour la\nr\u00e9installation dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.\n\n\n52. Gr\u00e2ce au M\u00e9canisme conjoint d'appui aux pays de r\u00e9installation \u00e9mergents, le HCR\na aid\u00e9 six pays \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leur capacit\u00e9, et leur a fourni des conseils techniques pour\nmettre au point ou \u00e9largir leurs programmes de r\u00e9installation et d\u2019admission pour des motifs\nhumanitaires. Il a \u00e9galement investi dans la nouvelle Initiative mondiale de parrainage des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, qui encourage et soutient le parrainage communautaire, et a travaill\u00e9 avec certains\npays de r\u00e9installation sur les programmes de traitement des demandes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays,\nfavorables \u00e0 la protection, pour r\u00e9installer les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes extr\u00eamement vuln\u00e9rables du\nnord de l\u2019Iraq. \u00c0 El Salvador, au Guatemala et au Honduras, il a facilit\u00e9 la r\u00e9installation des\npersonnes expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s, gr\u00e2ce au m\u00e9canisme de transfert pour la\nprotection.\n\n\n53. Suscitant l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019un nombre accru d\u2019\u00c9tats \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation, le HCR a continu\u00e9 \u00e0\nappliquer le mod\u00e8le du Groupe central sur la r\u00e9installation \u00e0 des situations sp\u00e9cifiques,\nnotamment pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens et pour la situation en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale. Il est\n\u00e9galement entr\u00e9 en partenariat avec des \u00c9tats pour coordonner et mettre en \u0153uvre les\npossibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation pr\u00e9visibles \u00e0 plus long terme pour des groupes particuliers de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Il a lanc\u00e9 un projet innovant de r\u00e9installation en vue d\u2019\u00e9valuer ses processus et de\nfaire l\u2019inventaire des bonnes pratiques sur le terrain. Au N\u00e9pal, le programme de\nr\u00e9installation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle des Bhoutanais est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 son terme, avec plus de\n112 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9install\u00e9s dans des pays tiers au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie.\n\n\n**C.** **Int\u00e9gration locale**\n\n\n54. Les pays qui soutiennent l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre assist\u00e9s.\nBon nombre de pays, en particulier dans le monde industrialis\u00e9 et en Am\u00e9rique latine, ont\njug\u00e9 avantageux et int\u00e9ressant d\u2019opter pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, y compris en\nleur octroyant un statut l\u00e9gal durable et la naturalisation, comme pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l\u2019article 34 de la\nConvention de 1951, si n\u00e9cessaire. En Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, le Gouvernement a d\u00e9cid\u00e9\nd\u2019accorder la nationalit\u00e9 aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en situation prolong\u00e9e. La Zambie a appliqu\u00e9 sa\nd\u00e9cision d\u2019accorder une r\u00e9sidence \u00e0 long terme aux anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais. Au Chili,\nune initiative lanc\u00e9e en 2017 autorise l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 aux personnes enregistr\u00e9es\nsous le statut d\u2019\u00e9tranger et aux enfants n\u00e9s des parents \u00e9trangers. Malgr\u00e9 ces avanc\u00e9es, des\nd\u00e9fis existent dans la mise en \u0153uvre des programmes d\u2019int\u00e9gration locale, surtout dans les\nsituations \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.\n\n\n55. Dans les Am\u00e9riques, les villes et les municipalit\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 adopter des\npolitiques favorables \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration et \u00e0 l\u2019inclusion, avec l\u2019aide du secteur priv\u00e9. Par\nexemple, la municipalit\u00e9 de Quito a lanc\u00e9 un programme de certification des entreprises\nlocales r\u00e9pondant aux normes d\u2019inclusion. La ville de Mexico a sign\u00e9 un accord avec le\nHCR pour favoriser l\u2019inclusion des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les programmes\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale. Des initiatives similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es \u00e0 S\u00e3o Paolo. En Italie, le HCR\ntravaille avec les autorit\u00e9s locales et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pour encourager les bonnes relations\nentre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. La politique nationale d\u2019int\u00e9gration de\nl\u2019Italie a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e en consultation avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Elle envisage des mesures\nsp\u00e9cifiques pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile concernant l\u2019accueil, le logement et l\u2019emploi. Dans\nl\u2019ex-R\u00e9publique yougoslave de Mac\u00e9doine, la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est\ncompl\u00e9t\u00e9e par des proc\u00e9dures sp\u00e9cifiques pour les enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ou consid\u00e9r\u00e9s\ncomme vuln\u00e9rables. En Pologne, la ville de Gdansk a mis au point un mod\u00e8le d\u2019int\u00e9gration\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "appliqu\u00e9e dans 11 autres villes en 2017. En avril 2018, l\u2019OCDE a publi\u00e9 la recherche de 72\nvilles sur les approches locales d\u2019int\u00e9gration, accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une liste de contr\u00f4le devant\npermettre aux villes et r\u00e9gions de promouvoir l\u2019int\u00e9gration.\n\n\n56. Pour que les programmes d\u2019int\u00e9gration locale connaissent du succ\u00e8s, des efforts\ndoivent \u00eatre men\u00e9s par toutes les parties, y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans leur volont\u00e9 de\ns\u2019adapter, les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil pour les recevoir et les institutions publiques pour la\nsatisfaction de leurs besoins. Dans certains pays, il est indispensable que la communaut\u00e9\ninternationale apporte un appui suppl\u00e9mentaire important, adapt\u00e9 aux besoins des\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**D.** **Autres voies d\u2019admission**\n\n\n57. D\u2019autres voies d\u2019admission des personnes ayant besoin de la protection\ninternationale peuvent faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la protection et aux solutions, et all\u00e9ger la pression\nsur les pays d\u2019accueil, surtout dans les situations de grande ampleur et les situations\nprolong\u00e9es. Elles permettent aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019apprendre de nouvelles techniques, de\npoursuivre des \u00e9tudes et de retrouver des membres de leurs familles dans des pays tiers.\n\n\n58. M\u00eame si quelquefois les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s trouvent par leurs propres moyens des voies\ncompl\u00e9mentaires, les processus y relatifs peuvent n\u00e9cessiter la facilitation de mesures\nadministratives, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des garanties de protection. \u00c0 cet effet, le HCR a contribu\u00e9\n\u00e0 soutenir la mise en place et l\u2019\u00e9largissement des voies compl\u00e9mentaires, notamment en\nArgentine, au Br\u00e9sil, au Chili, en Colombie, en France, au Japon et au P\u00e9rou, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s\nd\u2019autres \u00c9tats de la r\u00e9gion du MERCOSUR. Un nouveau partenariat a \u00e9t\u00e9 nou\u00e9 avec\n_United World Colleges_ pour \u00e9tendre l\u2019enseignement secondaire aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans\ndes pays tiers. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 demand\u00e9 \u00e0 _Talent Beyond Boundaries_ de mettre en place une base de\ndonn\u00e9es sur les comp\u00e9tences des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Jordanie et au Liban, afin de faciliter la\nmobilit\u00e9 de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre vers des pays tiers. Le HCR et l\u2019OCDE ont entam\u00e9\nl\u2019inventaire des visas d\u2019entr\u00e9e \u00e0 caract\u00e8re non humanitaire, utilis\u00e9s par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les\npays de l\u2019OCDE, en vue de contribuer \u00e0 la mise au point des orientations sur les voies\ncompl\u00e9mentaires. L\u2019Organisation a aussi soutenu l\u2019adoption du Protocole de l\u2019Union\nafricaine sur la libre circulation des personnes et le droit de r\u00e9sidence et d\u2019\u00e9tablissement,\nqui facilitera l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 d\u2019autres voies d\u2019admission.\n\n\n59. Malgr\u00e9 les progr\u00e8s accomplis, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s continuent de rencontrer des obstacles et\ndes d\u00e9fis dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux voies compl\u00e9mentaires, dont l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 d\u2019obtenir\nl\u2019autorisation de sortie, le visa d\u2019entr\u00e9e et les documents de voyage. Les autres d\u00e9fis\ncomprennent l\u2019absence de garanties appropri\u00e9es de protection et le caract\u00e8re strict des\ncrit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9. Le HCR continue \u00e0 aider les \u00c9tats et d\u2019autres parties prenantes \u00e0\ncontourner ces obstacles et \u00e0 fournir des orientations et des conseils techniques sur la mise\nau point des voies compl\u00e9mentaires pr\u00e9visibles, durables et favorables \u00e0 la protection.\n\n#### **VII. Conclusion**\n\n\n60. Aujourd\u2019hui, la communaut\u00e9 internationale est \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins, avec un\ncertain nombre d\u2019avanc\u00e9es prometteuses dans le contexte de l\u2019\u00e9laboration du Pacte mondial\nsur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ce Pacte peut mobiliser la communaut\u00e9 internationale au soutien d\u2019un\nagenda partag\u00e9, fond\u00e9 sur les principes fondamentaux d\u2019humanit\u00e9 et de solidarit\u00e9, pouvant\napporter un r\u00e9el changement dans la vie, tant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que des pays et communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil. Le HCR entend travailler \u00e9troitement avec les \u00c9tats et divers partenaires pour\nfaire en sorte que le Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es puisse voir le jour, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des actions\nconcr\u00e8tes sur le terrain.\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/1178**\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95c406c1-52f5-30de-8be1-1b319e6c9923/5b7ea114a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_122/raw/doc_122_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_122/raw/doc_122_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a627cb1329d37edf610bfe8cb04e81bf07d7cb8b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_122/raw/doc_122_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,569 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "September 2018\n\n\n**UNHCR POSITION ON RETURNS TO LIBYA (Update II)**\n\n\n_Political and Security Developments .............................................................................................................................. 2_\n\n_Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law ............................................................................... 5_\n\n\n_Situation of Third-Country Nationals (Including Asylum-Seekers, Refugees and Migrants) ....................................... 10_\n\n_Internal and External Displacement ............................................................................................................................. 16_\n\n\n_Humanitarian Situation ................................................................................................................................................ 17_\n\n_Access to Territory and International Protection ......................................................................................................... 20_\n\n\n_UNHCR Position on Returns ........................................................................................................................................ 20_\n\n_International Protection Needs of Third-Country Nationals Departing from/through Libya ...................................... 21_\n\n\n_Designation of Libya as Safe Third Country ................................................................................................................ 21_\n\n_Designation of Libya as a Place of Safety for the Purpose of Disembarkation following Rescue at Sea ..................... 22_\n\n\n_Updating and Review ................................................................................................................................................... 22_\n\n\n1. This document provides an update of and replaces the UNHCR Position on Returns to Libya (Update I)\n\npublished in October 2015. [1] It is based on information available up to 3 September 2018, unless\notherwise stated.\n\n\n2. The current situation in Libya is characterized by political and military fragmentation, hostilities\n\nbetween competing military factions, the proliferation of armed groups and a general climate of\nlawlessness, as well as a deteriorating human rights situation. [2] Since 2014, armed conflict between rival\narmed groups has resulted in large numbers of civilian casualties, [3] displaced hundreds of thousands of\npeople, [4] disrupted people\u2019s access to basic services and livelihoods, and destroyed vital infrastructure. [5]\nIn 2017, armed conflict and political instability reportedly had a direct impact on the lives of around 25\n\n\n1 UNHCR, _UNHCR Position on Returns to Libya (Update I)_ [, October 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/561cd8804.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/561cd8804.html)\n2 Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), _Civil War in Libya_, updated 29 August 2018, [https://on.cfr.org/2xoLOG7; Small Arms Survey,](https://on.cfr.org/2xoLOG7) _Capital_\n_of Militias_ \uf02d _Tripoli\u2019s Armed Groups Capture the Libyan State_, June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ; Office of the United Nations High](https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ)\nCommissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), _Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra\u2019ad Al Hussein at the End of_\n_Visit to Libya_ [, 12 October 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6414484.html. The Global Peace Index 2018 ranked Libya as the 7](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6414484.html) [th]\nmost dangerous country in the world; _Global Peace Index 2018: Measuring Peace in a Complex World_, June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2sK6cR3,](https://bit.ly/2sK6cR3)\np. 9.\n3 Between 1 January and 31 July 2018, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) documented the killing and injuring of 127\nand 308 civilians, respectively. In 2017, UNSMIL documented 160 civilian deaths and 177 injuries. Given limitations on access to and\ninformation flow from conflict-affected areas, the actual casualty figures are likely to be significantly higher. Leading causes of civilian\ncasualties reportedly include explosive remnants of war, gunfire, airstrikes, shelling and improvised explosive devices; see UNSMIL,\n_Human Rights Report on Civilian Casualties_ [, available at: https://bit.ly/2n7tgXu. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event](https://bit.ly/2n7tgXu)\nData Project (ACLED), 1,654 people were killed in 2017. The highest numbers of casualties were recorded in the provinces of Benghazi,\nSirte and Tripoli; Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), _Libya, Year 2017: Update_\n_on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)_ [, 18 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2ttcMvB.](https://bit.ly/2ttcMvB)\n4 See below \u201c _Internal and External Displacement_ \u201d.\n5 See below \u201c _Humanitarian Situation\u201d_ .\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "per cent of the population. [6] Insecurity and the lack of governance have enabled illicit activities such as\ncorruption [7] as well as people smuggling and human trafficking to thrive, further fuelling instability in\nthe country. [8]\n\n\n_**Political and Security Developments**_\n3. Since the overthrow of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and his government in October 2011, successive\n\ntransitional governance arrangements have failed to end the political impasse and resulting internal\nconflict. [9] The UN-backed Libyan Political Agreement (LPA), [10] signed on 17 December 2015, failed to\nunify the rival political and military authorities under a single administration. As a result, Libya\ncurrently has two ruling powers, one based in the capital Tripoli and one based in the eastern cities of\nTobruk and Al-Bayda. [11] In Tripoli, the Presidency Council, which was formed under the terms of the\nLPA, is led by Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj, who carries out the functions of head of state and\nSupreme Commander of the Libyan Army. The Presidency Council presides over the Government of\nNational Accord (GNA), the internationally recognized Government of Libya. [12] The High Council of\nState, a consultative body established under the LPA, also operates from Tripoli and its elected head is\nKhaled Mishri. [13] The second power centre is made up of the House of Representatives (HoR) based in\nTobruk, which, under the LPA, would become the legitimate legislative authority; however, the HoR\nhas to date not recognized the LPA and instead endorsed the rival \u201cInterim Government\u201d of Abdullah\nAl-Thinni based in the eastern city of Al-Bayda. [14] The Tobruk and Al-Bayda-based authorities are\nreportedly aligned with and dominated by General Khalifa Haftar, who leads the Libyan National Army\n(LNA), a coalition of former army units and tribal or regional-based armed groups that controls a large\nsection of central and eastern Libya. [15] The former Islamist-dominated Government of National\nSalvation, which was formed in 2014 and led by Khalifa Al-Ghwell, reportedly no longer controls any\nrelevant institutions after Ghwell\u2019s forces were expelled from Tripoli in early 2017. [16] The two rival\ngovernments are reported to compete over political legitimacy, control of territory, resources and\ninfrastructure (e.g. oil facilities, ports). [17]\n\n\n6 Around 1.62 million people; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), _2018 Humanitarian Needs_\n_Overview - Libya_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) (hereafter: OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html), pp. 4, 5, 7.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n7 According to Transparency International\u2019s 2017 Corruption Perceptions Index, Libya ranks 171 [st] of 180 countries globally; Transparency\nInternational, _Corruption Perceptions Index 2017_ [, 21 February 2018, https://bit.ly/2wsdg7H. See also, The Independent,](https://bit.ly/2wsdg7H) _Libya Sinks into_\n_Poverty as the Oil Money Disappears into Foreign Bank Accounts_ [, 17 July 2018, https://ind.pn/2MBlzrU; UNSMIL,](https://ind.pn/2MBlzrU) _Remarks of SRSG_\n_Ghassan Salam\u00e9 to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya_ [, 21 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2IEdvR8.](https://bit.ly/2IEdvR8)\n8 \u201c _Migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons is integrated with other smuggling activities, such as smuggling of arms, drugs and gold._\n(\u2026) _Smuggling occurs virtually uncontested because of the lack of reliable security forces_ \u201d; United Nations Security Council, _Letter Dated_\n_1 June 2017 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established Pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) Addressed to the President of the Security_\n_Council_ [, 1 June 2017, S/2017/466, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html) (hereafter: UN Security Council, _Letter Dated 1 June_\n_2017 from the Panel of Experts on Libya_, June 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html), para. 255. See also, Reuters,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html) _Africa's_\n_Trafficking Gangs Flourish as Nations Fail to Work Together_ [, 31 July 2018, https://tmsnrt.rs/2LE1IHT; Jamestown Foundation,](https://tmsnrt.rs/2LE1IHT) _Libya\u2019s_\n_Rogue Militias Keep the Country from Tackling Human Trafficking_, Terrorism Monitor Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 26 February 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu](https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu) and below \u201c _Situation of Third-Country Nationals (Including Asylum-Seekers, Refugees and Migrants)_ \u201d.\n9 CFR, _Rushing Libya\u2019s Elections Will Lead to Disaster_ [, 28 June 2018, https://on.cfr.org/2IZaUkh.](https://on.cfr.org/2IZaUkh)\n10 _Libyan Political Agreement_ [, 17 December 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641eae4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641eae4.html)\n11 European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), _A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s Main Players_, January 2018, [https://bit.ly/1sBE01s; BBC,](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s) _Libya_\n_Country Profile_, 29 May 2018, [https://bbc.in/2uhEEDD; Bertelsmann Foundation,](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13754897) _BTI 2018 | Libya Country Report_, 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2lV1yNa.](https://bit.ly/2lV1yNa)\n12 ECFR, _A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s Main Players_ [, January 2018, https://bit.ly/1sBE01s.](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s)\n13 Ibid.\n14 The \u201cInterim Government\u201d was, until late 2015, the internationally recognized government of Libya; ECFR, _A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s_\n_Main Players_ [, January 2018, https://bit.ly/1sBE01s; International Crisis Group (ICG),](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s) _Libya\u2019s Unhealthy Focus on Personalities_, 8 May\n[2018, https://bit.ly/2sX6o0d.](https://bit.ly/2sX6o0d)\n15 Atlantic Council, _Can Libya Survive Without Haftar?_, 16 April 2018, [https://bit.ly/2KA030P; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace](https://bit.ly/2KA030P)\n(CEIP), _Libya after ISIS_ [, 22 February 2017, http://ceip.org/2JPeC4j. In eastern Libya, Haftar has reportedly replaced elected officials with](http://ceip.org/2JPeC4j)\nmilitary figures; ECFR, _A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s Main Players_ [, January 2018, https://bit.ly/1sBE01s; Aspen Institute Italia,](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s) _The Haftar_\n_Factor in Libya's Puzzle_ [, 26 June 2017, https://bit.ly/2KA2oc7.](https://bit.ly/2KA2oc7)\n16 OHCHR, _Abuse Behind Bars: Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n(hereafter: OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html), p. 9; ECFR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n_A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s Main Players_ [, January 2018, https://bit.ly/1sBE01s.](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s)\n17 Libya Observer, _Libya\u2019s Oil Crescent Region Is Bracing for New Armed Conflict_, 29 August 2018, [http://lyo.ly/9gp; UN Security Council,](http://lyo.ly/9gp)\n_Security Council Press Statement on Libya_ [, 19 July 2018, SC/13429, https://bit.ly/2LYYP3O; Agence France-Presse,](https://bit.ly/2LYYP3O) _'Major Offensive'_\n_Launched in Libya's Oil Crescent_, 17 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vARTQ6; UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2vARTQ6) _Libya Protection Sector Strategy 2018-2019_, 1\n[December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641f854.html, p. 1; Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641f854.html) _Conflict_\n_Barometer 2017_ [, 28 February 2018, https://bit.ly/2KFBHYi, p. 187.](https://bit.ly/2KFBHYi)\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Corruption Perceptions Index", - "confidence": 0.914085865020752, - "start": 511, - "end": 514 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Transparency International", - "confidence": 0.9936182498931885, - "start": 506, - "end": 508 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya_", - "confidence": 0.9906542897224426, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9934710264205933, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. In September 2017, a UN-sponsored \u201cAction Plan for Libya\u201d was launched, which aims at\n\nreinvigorating the political process by amending and implementing the LPA, convening an inclusive\nnational conference, passing a constitution by popular referendum, and holding elections based on a\nnew electoral law. [18] On 29 May 2018 in Paris, four key Libyan political figures reportedly reached a\ntentative agreement to issue new election laws by September 2018 and hold presidential and legislative\nelections on a \u201c _constitutional basis_ \u201d in December 2018. [19] However, concerns have been raised that\nLibya currently lacks conditions conducive to a free and fair vote and that elections may risk further\npolitical fragmentation and conflict. [20]\n\n\n5. The Presidency Council reportedly struggles to assert full control over territory and institutions in\n\naccordance with the LPA, [21] and has been beset by internal divisions. [22] In this continued political\nvacuum, a myriad of armed groups, divided across ideological, regional, ethnic and tribal lines and with\ntheir own changing interests and loyalties, [23] are reported to remain the most powerful actors on the\nground. [24] Conflict dynamics are often shaped by regional and local interests with local conflicts partly\noverlapping with divisions at the national level. [25] GNA-aligned armed groups reportedly control Tripoli,\nMisrata and other towns in western Libya, and most of the western coastal region. [26] Many of these\ngroups reportedly receive central State funds and assume law enforcement functions such as arrests and\ndetention; however, there is reportedly no effective government command and oversight. [27] Groups\n\n\n18 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 5;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\nCFR, _Rushing Libya\u2019s Elections Will Lead to Disaster_, 28 June 2018, [https://on.cfr.org/2IZaUkh; UN Security Council,](https://on.cfr.org/2IZaUkh) _Report of the_\n_Secretary-General_ _on_ _the_ _United_ _Nations_ _Support_ _Mission_ _in_ _Libya_, S/2018/140, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html (hereafter: UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations_\n_Support Mission in Libya_ [, 12 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html), paras 2, 3, 6; UNSMIL,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _Step by Step, UN_\n_Action Plan for Successful Transition Takes Hold in Libya_ [, 11 January 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6424904.html; Washington](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6424904.html)\nInstitute, _The UN Action Plan for Libya: Prospects and Challenges_ [, 17 October 2017, https://washin.st/2OSkgSJ; UN Security Council,](https://washin.st/2OSkgSJ)\n_Security Council Presidential Statement Endorses New Action Plan to Resume Inclusive, Libyan-Owned Political Process under United_\n_Nations Auspices_ [, 10 October 2017, SC/13020, https://bit.ly/2vuR642.](https://bit.ly/2vuR642)\n19 National Authorities, _Joint Statement by Fayez al-Sarraj, Aguila Saleh, Khalid Meshri, Khalifa Haftar, Paris_, 29 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6420514.html. See also, Libya Herald,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6420514.html) _HoR Fails again to Vote on Referendum Law. Saleh Threatens to_\n_Bypass HoR and Organize Elections for a Temporary President_, 28 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2op5pDs; UN,](https://bit.ly/2op5pDs) _Secretary-General Welcomes_\n_Political Declaration on Libya as \u2018Significant\u2019 Step Forward in Country\u2019s Transition_, 29 May 2018, SG/SM/19058,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64222f4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64222f4.html)\n20 \u201c _No free and fair elections can be held in a country that lacks election laws and a constitution. In addition to missing those critical_\n_documents, elections are made more difficult by the fact that the country is heavily divided_ \u201d; The Atlantic Council, _How the West and the_\n_UN Failed Libya_, 3 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2KDM3Ij. See also, Lawfare,](https://bit.ly/2KDM3Ij) _Libya's House of Cards: Elections Without Institutions_, 19 August\n2018, [https://bit.ly/2LKJSOY; Stratfor Worldview,](https://bit.ly/2LKJSOY) _Why Libyan Elections Probably Won't Happen this Year_, 4 June 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2K3ZvoI; ECFR,](https://bit.ly/2K3ZvoI) _Libya Elections 2018: The Missing Ingredient_ [, 1 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2Hx7vrS; Human Rights Watch](https://bit.ly/2Hx7vrS)\n(HRW), _Libya: No Free Elections in Current Climate_, 21 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6422ba4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6422ba4.html)\n21 By May 2017, the Presidency Council reportedly consolidated its control over the capital Tripoli, with support from powerful Tripoli-based\narmed groups, including the Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade (TRB), the Central Security/Abu Salim armed group (CS/AS) and the Special\nDeterrence Force (SDF); OHCHR, _Arbitrary_ _and_ _Unlawful_ _Detention_ _in_ _Libya_, April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 9. See also, Small Arms Survey,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html) _Capital of Militias_ \uf02d _Tripoli\u2019s Armed Groups Capture_\n_the Libyan State_ [, June 2018, https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ, p. 16. On the reported lack of authority over government structures (including the](https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ)\nCentral Bank), see Washington Institute, _The UN Action Plan for Libya: Prospects and Challenges_, PolicyWatch 2873, 17 October 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2zqkCfP.](https://bit.ly/2zqkCfP)\n22 Reuters, _Unveiling New Libya Plan, U.N. Sees Opportunity for Peace_ [, 20 September 2017, https://reut.rs/2pzKCgt; UN Security Council,](https://reut.rs/2pzKCgt)\n_Letter Dated 1 June 2017 from the Panel of Experts on Libya_ [, June 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html, paras 23, 25.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html)\n23 European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed), _Libya: Stuck in Political Transition_ [, 21 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2KT2bpA; Geneva](https://bit.ly/2KT2bpA)\nAcademy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, _Libya: A Short Guide to the Conflict_ [, 4 July 2017, https://bit.ly/2u1eSCj,](https://bit.ly/2u1eSCj)\np. 2. In 2014, estimates put the number of armed groups in Libya as high as 1,700. In 2016, it was estimated that around 30 militias operated\nin Tripoli with shifting territories and loyalties; Clingendael Institute, _CrisesAlert 3_ \uf02d _Entering the Lion\u2019s Den: Local Militias and_\n_Governance in Libya_ [, October 2017, https://bit.ly/2N0etcb, pp. 4, 10, 15.](https://bit.ly/2N0etcb)\n24 OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, para. 4. On armed](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\ngroups\u2019 control over state institutions and resources in the capital Tripoli, see Small Arms Survey, _Capital of Militias_ \uf02d _Tripoli\u2019s Armed_\n_Groups Capture the Libyan State_ [, June 2018, https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ.](https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ)\n25 \u201c _In Libya there are very few truly national actors. The vast majority are local players, some of whom are relevant at the national level_\n_while representing the interests of their region, or in most cases, their city_ \u201d; ECFR, _A Quick Guide to Libya\u2019s Main Players_, January 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/1sBE01s. See also, Clingendael Institute,](https://bit.ly/1sBE01s) _CrisesAlert 3_ \uf02d _Entering the Lion\u2019s Den: Local Militias and Governance in Libya_,\n[October 2017, https://bit.ly/2N0etcb, pp. 3, 4; Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights,](https://bit.ly/2N0etcb) _Libya: A Short_\n_Guide to the Conflict_ [, 4 July 2017, https://bit.ly/2u1eSCj, p. 2.](https://bit.ly/2u1eSCj)\n26 See Libya control maps: Political Geography Now, _Libyan Civil War Map & Timeline - July 2018_ [, 20 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2N4y7Y4;](https://bit.ly/2N4y7Y4)\nPetroleum Economist, _Map: Libya's Conflict_, 19 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2on66gF. For a map depicting armed groups\u2019 territorial control in](https://bit.ly/2on66gF)\nTripoli, see Small Arms Survey, _Capital of Militias_ \uf02d _Tripoli\u2019s Armed Groups Capture the Libyan State_, June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ,](https://bit.ly/2m0lWfQ)\np. 10.\n27 \u201c _Hundreds of armed groups continue to operate throughout Libya, many nominally affiliated with the Ministries of Defence, Interior and_\n_Justice. They receive salaries from central State funds, but are not under the command and control of the State. They exercise effective_\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Small Arms Survey", - "confidence": 0.9907490611076355, - "start": 833, - "end": 836 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9613997340202332, - "start": 891, - "end": 892 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8429547548294067, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Small Arms Survey", - "confidence": 0.9798548817634583, - "start": 1129, - "end": 1132 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Clingendael Institute", - "confidence": 0.591189444065094, - "start": 1055, - "end": 1057 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tripoli", - "confidence": 0.761086642742157, - "start": 1126, - "end": 1127 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7430451512336731, - "start": 1077, - "end": 1078 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "affiliated with the LNA reportedly control large parts of eastern Libya as well as parts of the southern\nregion. [28]\n\n\n6. The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS) reportedly no longer controls any territory after it was\n\nousted from the city of Sirte in December 2016 by joint US forces and forces loyal to the GNA. [29]\nHowever, it reportedly still maintains a presence around Sirte as well as in other areas of Libya and\ncontinues to carry out attacks against civilian and military targets. [30] Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb\n(AQIM) reportedly maintains a presence around the southern town of Ubari, where it exploits the lack\nof governance for logistics, recruitment and training, as well as smuggling activities. [31]\n\n7. The overall security situation reportedly remains poor and volatile. [32] The situation is characterized by\n\npersistent lawlessness, [33] intermittent but increasing fighting between rival armed groups (including\nbetween GNA-aligned forces, forces under the control of General Haftar, local militias, tribes, as well\nas affiliates of ISIS and AQIM), and widespread kidnappings for criminal and political reasons. [34] The\nSouth continues to see intermittent intercommunal conflict primarily between tribal and ethnic groups,\nsome of which are aligned with either the GNA or the LNA, including over control of smuggling routes\n\n\n_control in localized areas, including over detention centres where thousands of people are detained. Action to remove law enforcement_\n_powers from armed groups, as foreseen in the Libyan Political Agreement, and demobilization, disarmament and reintegration have not_\n_yet begun_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, para. 10.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n\u201c _Libya is afflicted by a culture of entitlement and predation by Libya\u2019s armed groups, many of whom claim affiliation with the_\n_internationally recognized Government of National Accord. Acting as quasi-police, the funds diverted to these armed groups go well beyond_\n_salaries to members, including letters of credit from the Central Bank. Their extortion of the Central Bank adds to the income these groups_\n_already derive from illicit activities like fuel smuggling and human trafficking_ \u201d; CEIP, _Libya Fractured: The Struggle for Unity_, 18 April\n[2018, http://ceip.org/2GnvCsG. See also, UNSMIL,](http://ceip.org/2GnvCsG) _UNSMIL Statement on Militias Attacking Libyan Sovereign Institutions_, 19 August\n[2018, https://bit.ly/2C2OQqG.](https://bit.ly/2C2OQqG)\n28 See sources included above in footnote 26.\n29 CFR, _Civil War in Libya_ [, updated 30 August 2018, https://on.cfr.org/2xoLOG7.](https://on.cfr.org/2xoLOG7)\n30 \u201c _Though the Islamic State was pushed out of its Libyan stronghold in Sirte in December 2016, it has resurfaced in a big way in 2018. It_\n_made its first terrorist attack in Tripoli since 2015 when it assaulted the election commission's headquarters on May 2_ [2018] _. It has also_\n_conducted a string of bombings at checkpoints in the Oil Crescent region_ \u201d; Stratfor Worldview, _Why Libyan Elections Probably Won't_\n_Happen this Year_ [, 4 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2K3ZvoI. See also, The New Arab,](https://bit.ly/2K3ZvoI) _IS Claims Responsibility for Deadly Libya Checkpoint_\n_Attack_, 25 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2LGBP5w; UN Security Council,](https://bit.ly/2LGBP5w) _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 16-17; Middle East Eye,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Islamic State in Libya: Fighters Are Regrouping in the_\n_Lawless Desert_ [, 2 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2vyMOrC; Reuters,](https://bit.ly/2vyMOrC) _At least Five Killed in Clashes near Libyan Oilfield_ \uf02d _Local Official_, 3\n[February 2018, https://reut.rs/2NGWAR1.](https://reut.rs/2NGWAR1)\n31 The Libya Observer, _U.S. Airstrike Kills Al-Qaeda Militant in Libya_ [, 17 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2MAgg8s; CEIP,](https://bit.ly/2MAgg8s) _Libya Fractured: The_\n_Struggle for Unity_ [, 18 April 2018, http://ceip.org/2MkldlF; CNN,](http://ceip.org/2MkldlF) _US Conducts First Airstrike Against al Qaeda in Libya_, 28 March 2018,\n[https://cnn.it/2GXC77u.](https://cnn.it/2GXC77u)\n32 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 4,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n10-17. See also, ACCORD, _Libya, Year 2017: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project_\n_(ACLED)_, 18 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2ttcMvB. For an overview of the security situation in the different parts of the country, see successive](https://bit.ly/2ttcMvB)\n[reports by the UN Secretary-General, available at: https://bit.ly/2AyUDDG.](https://bit.ly/2AyUDDG)\n33 BBC, _Libya Rivals Agree \u2018Historic\u2019 Election Plan_ [, 29 May 2018, https://bbc.in/2LSlbjE; UN Security Council,](https://bbc.in/2LSlbjE) _Report of the Secretary-_\n_General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 12 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 38.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\n34 In late August 2018, the Greater Tripoli area saw an escalation in fighting in densely populated residential areas between rival GNAaffiliated armed groups; Deutsche Welle, _Libya Imposes State of Emergency in Tripoli_, 2 September 2018, [https://p.dw.com/p/34BxU;](https://p.dw.com/p/34BxU)\nHRW, _Libya: Civilians Killed in Tripoli Clashes_, 1 September 2018, [https://bit.ly/2wCOfGg; Al Jazeera,](https://bit.ly/2wCOfGg) _Clashes Shatter Illusion of_\n_Security in Libyan Capital_ [, 30 August 2018, http://aje.io/wxh8m; UNSMIL,](http://aje.io/wxh8m) _UNSMIL Statement on Ongoing Tripoli Violence_, 29 August\n2018, [https://bit.ly/2LDPeeP. In June 2018, following a prolonged siege, the LNA reportedly drove out the Derna Protection Force (formerly](https://bit.ly/2LDPeeP)\nDerna Mujahedeen Shura Council) from the eastern city of Derna. The LNA\u2019s use of heavy artillery and airstrikes in densely populated\ncivilian areas reportedly resulted in extensive civilian casualties and retaliatory attacks have reportedly occurred on both sides; UN Security\nCouncil, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 12, 28, 63;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\nReuters, _Haftar's Forces Say They Have Captured Libyan City of Derna_, 28 June 2018, [https://reut.rs/2ySdW9Z; UNSMIL,](https://reut.rs/2ySdW9Z) _UNSMIL_\n_Statement on the Situation in Derna_, 1 June 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64257e4.html; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64257e4.html) _Libya: Battle for City Endangers_\n_Civilians_, 14 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55bf314.html. On kidnappings for criminal and political reasons, see below](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55bf314.html)\n\u201c _Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law_ \u201d.\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and resources. [35] The reported presence of foreign mercenaries, [36] transnational jihadist groups [37] and\ncriminal networks further destabilizes the situation. [38]\n\n\n_**Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law**_\n8. Violations and abuses of international human rights and humanitarian law continue to be perpetrated by\n\nall parties to the conflict with impunity for even the most serious of crimes. [39] The most common\nviolations and abuses reportedly include: arbitrary detention, abductions, enforced disappearances,\ntorture and other forms of ill-treatment, rape and other forms of sexual violence against both women\nand men, [40] unlawful killings, including summary executions, forced displacement, as well as both\ntargeted and indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian objects, including medical facilities,\nschools, mosques, etc. [41] Men, women and children are reportedly at risk of being targeted for arbitrary\narrest and kidnapping by armed groups and security forces affiliated with rival governments \u201c _for_\n_financial or political gain, on the basis of their tribal origin or family identity, or for their perceived_\n_political affiliations and opinions_ \u201d _._ [42] According to reports, those singled out for attacks include: fighters\nand civilians opposing or perceived to be opposing a party to the conflict; [43] former Gaddafi loyalists; [44]\n\n\n35 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n14; CEIP, _Libya\u2019s Foreign Militias_ [, 10 April 2018, http://ceip.org/2JMYC2I.](http://ceip.org/2JMYC2I)\n36 Foreign mercenaries from Sudan (Darfur) and Chad are reportedly fighting alongside various Libyan factions; CEIP, _Libya\u2019s Foreign_\n_Militias_ [, 10 April 2018, http://ceip.org/2JMYC2I; UN Security Council,](http://ceip.org/2JMYC2I) _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support_\n_Mission in Libya_ [, 12 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 23; UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _Letter Dated 1 June_\n_2017 from the Panel of Experts on_ [Libya, 1 June 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html, para. 83 and Annex 23.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html)\n37 See above para. 6.\n38 Jamestown Foundation, _Salafists, Mercenaries and Body Snatchers: The War for Libya\u2019s South_, 6 April 2018, [https://bit.ly/2Ko1eB6;](https://bit.ly/2Ko1eB6)\nJamestown Foundation, _Libya\u2019s Rogue Militias Keep the Country From Tackling Human Trafficking_, Terrorism Monitor Volume: 16 Issue:\n[4, 26 February 2018, https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu.](https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu)\n39 \u201c _Despite regular announcements of investigations into allegations of war crimes and other violations by the Presidency Council and the_\n_Libyan National Army, no member of an armed group was brought to justice for committing crimes under international law, to the best of_\n_the_ _Mission\u2019s_ _knowledge_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _United_ _Nations_ _Support_ _Mission_ _in_ _Libya_, 7 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 54. See also, OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html) _Oral Update of the United Nations High Commissioner for_\n_Human_ _Rights_ _on_ _Libya_ _Pursuant_ _to_ _Human_ _Rights_ _Council_ _Resolution_ _34/38_, 20 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html (hereafter: OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html) _Oral Update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human_\n_Rights on Libya_ [, 20 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html).](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html)\n40 According to reports, male rape is systematically used against perceived political opponents, e.g. men from Tawergha accused of having\nsupported the former Gaddafi government; The Guardian, _Revealed: Male Rape Used Systematically in Libya as Instrument of_ _War_, 3\nNovember 2017, [https://bit.ly/2h0n3d0; Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor (Euro-Med Monitor),](https://bit.ly/2h0n3d0) _Libya: Testimonies of Rape and_\n_Brutal Torture Are Horrific_ [, 3 November 2017, https://bit.ly/2y6gGvD.](https://bit.ly/2y6gGvD)\n41 Amnesty International, _The_ _Disappeared_ _in_ _the_ _MENA_ \uf02d _Neither_ _Dead_ _Nor_ _Alive_, 30 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87fb8c4.html;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87fb8c4.html) OHCHR, _Libya:_ _Health-Care_ _under_ _Attack_, 22 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html) _Oral Update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on_\n_Libya_ [, 20 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html; Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html) _Human Rights Council Should Establish_\n_an_ _International_ _Investigative_ _Mechanism_ _into_ _Human_ _Rights_ _Violations_ _in_ _Libya_, 20 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html) _Libya: Deadly Mosque Attack a Violation of Laws of War_, 25 January 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb0e4a.html; Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack (GCPEA),](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb0e4a.html) _Education under Attack_\n_2018_ [, January 2018, https://bit.ly/2tF4GQO, pp. 162, 164-165.](https://bit.ly/2tF4GQO)\n42 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n29. \u201c _Armed groups and militias abducted and unlawfully detained hundreds of people because of their opinions, origin, perceived political_\n_affiliations or perceived wealth. Those abducted included political activists, lawyers, human rights activists and other civilians. Militias_\n_carried out abductions with the aim of extracting ransoms from families, to negotiate an exchange of detainees, or to silence criticism._\n_Since 2014, militias have abducted and unlawfully detained hundreds of people based on opinions, origin, perceived political affiliations_\n_or perceived wealth_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Human Rights Council Should Establish an International Investigative Mechanism into_\n_Human Rights Violations in Libya_, 20 February 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html, pp. 2-3. See also, OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html) _Arbitrary_\n_and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, para. 35.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n43 \u201c _Armed groups across Libya regularly seize and hold suspected opponents or critics_ (\u2026)\u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in_\n_Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 16. For example, \u201c(\u2026)](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html) _in eastern Libya, the LNA and its allies_\n_regularly seize fighters, their supporters, family members of rival armed groups, and individuals deemed to be critical or insufficiently_\n_supportive of the LNA_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\np. 19. See also, UN Security Council, _United_ _Nations_ _Support_ _Mission_ _in_ _Libya_, 24 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 30; Reuters,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Benghazi's Displaced: A Litmus Test for Libya_, 17 May 2018,\n[https://reut.rs/2wQCdwg.](https://reut.rs/2wQCdwg)\n44 Including inhabitants of the town of Tawergha, who are reportedly perceived as having supported the former Gaddafi government and\nhaving been involved in human rights abuses in 2011; see below para. 13. See also, Al-Monitor, _Gadhafi Supporters Arrested During Peace_\n_Talks in Tripoli_ [, 25 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2LnIiWV.](https://bit.ly/2LnIiWV)\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government officials and politicians; [45] members of the judiciary and law enforcement; [46] members of\ncertain minority religious, ethnic or tribal groups; [47] persons perceived to be violating \u201cpublic morals\u201d; [48]\nmedia professionals; [49] human rights defenders and civil society activists; [50] medical professionals; [51] and\nhumanitarian workers. [52]\n\n\n9. There are consistent reports of the widespread use of prolonged arbitrary and unlawful detention and\n\nendemic human rights abuses in prisons and detention facilities nominally under the control of state\ninstitutions but partially or fully under the control of armed groups, [53] as well as in facilities run by armed\n\n\n45 Libya Herald, _Updated: Tripoli Municipality Head Kidnapped by Unknown Militias_ [, 29 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2n57gN0; UN Security](https://bit.ly/2n57gN0)\nCouncil, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 7 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, paras 12, 36; UN Security](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html)\nCouncil, _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, paras 16, 18.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\n46 \u201c _Prosecutors, judges, Judicial Police officers and other employees of the justice sector have frequently been subjected to attacks in the_\n_form of court bombings, assassinations, other physical assaults, abductions and threats directed against them and/or their relatives_ \u201d;\nOHCHR, _Report on the Trial of 37 Former Members of the Qadhafi Regime (Case 630/2012)_, 21 February 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b642ab44.html. See also, Freedom House,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b642ab44.html) _Freedom in the World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html; UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 7 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, paras 36, 52; Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html) _Human Rights Council Should Establish an_\n_International_ _Investigative_ _Mechanism_ _into_ _Human_ _Rights_ _Violations_ _in_ _Libya_, 20 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html, p. 2. See also below para. 14.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html)\n47 \u201c _Individuals from certain geographic or tribal origins or perceived to have certain political affiliations are also vulnerable to arbitrary_\n_arrest and detention. For instance, in western Libya, internally displaced persons (IDPs) from eastern Libya are often rounded up following_\n_\u2018terrorist\u2019 incidents\u2019_ .\u201d And further: \u201c _Detention based on actual or perceived religious belief also appears to be on the rise in eastern Libya,_\n_perpetrated_ _by_ _Salafi_ _armed_ _groups_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary_ _and_ _Unlawful_ _Detention_ _in_ _Libya_, April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 17, 19. Sufis are considered by some Muslims as \u201cheretics\u201d because of their less literal](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\ninterpretations of the faith of Islam; Carnegie Middle East Center, _The Sufi-Salafi Rift_ [, 23 January 2018, http://ceip.org/2ITvYgB; HRW,](http://ceip.org/2ITvYgB)\n_Libya: New Wave of Attacks Against Sufi Sites_, 7 December 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2907e44.html. See also, Freedom](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2907e44.html)\nHouse, _Freedom in the World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_ [, 28 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html; UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) _United_\n_Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 7 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 35; Middle East Eye,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html) _Anger after_\n_Amazigh Activist Abducted in Libya by Forces Loyal to Khalifa Haftar_ [, 5 January 2018, https://bit.ly/2ONplfe; HRW,](https://bit.ly/2ONplfe) _Libya: Incitement_\n_Against Religious Minority_ [, 20 July 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5970a7de4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5970a7de4.html)\n48 \u201c _Arrests on grounds of violating \u2018public morals\u2019 were documented in both western and eastern Libya_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _Report of the_\n_Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\npara. 41. See also, BBC News, _Libya: Armed Group Shuts Down Comic Book Convention_, 4 November 2017, [https://bbc.in/2zv5ihX; IFEX,](https://bbc.in/2zv5ihX)\n_Libyan Writers,_ _Editors Fear for Their Lives over Newly Published Literary Collection_, 4 September 2017, [https://bit.ly/2ACQJtb.](https://bit.ly/2ACQJtb)\n49 Media workers are reportedly at risk of physical attacks, abductions, arbitrary detention, torture, intimidation and threats, particularly if\nseen critical to one of the conflict parties. For example, \u201c[T] _he LNA and allied armed groups also target and apprehend media workers,_\n_activists and others perceived as critical of, or not sufficiently loyal to the LNA._ \u201d And further: \u201c _In the eastern city of Derna, the DMSC_\n\n[Derna Mujahedeen Shura Council] _has also shown little tolerance for dissent, detaining perceived critics and holding them in unofficial_\n_facilities outside the framework of the law_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 19. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html) _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August\n[2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 41, 42; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ),](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Journalist Abducted in Libya_\n_Found Bound and Shot Dead_ [, 1 August 2018, https://cpj.org/x/73ba; Freedom House,](https://cpj.org/x/73ba) _Freedom in the World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) HRW, _Libya:_ _Armed_ _Group_ _Detains_ _Media_ _Figures_, 7 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b39f31aa.html; Reporters Sans Fronti\u00e8res](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b39f31aa.html) _, Seven Years after Its Revolution, Libya Is Losing Its Journalists_,\n[16 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c4b64.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c4b64.html)\n50 \u201c _Militias with varying political, tribal, and geographic affiliations have attacked civil society activists with impunity. Many NGO workers_\n_have fled abroad or ceased their activism in the wake of grave threats to themselves or their families_ \u201d; Freedom House, _Freedom in the_\n_World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) _United Nations_\n_Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 41, 43; Libya Prospect,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Enforced_\n_Disappearance of Qashout and Yaacoubi Is Continued_, 14 May 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vEW65r; OHCHR,](https://bit.ly/2vEW65r) _Statement by UN High_\n_Commissioner_ _for_ _Human_ _Rights_ _Zeid_ _Ra\u2019ad_ _Al_ _Hussein_ _at_ _the_ _End_ _of_ _Visit_ _to_ _Libya_, 12 October 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6414484.html; The New Arab,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6414484.html) _Attacks, Threats and Harassment: How Activists Are Being Silenced in_\n_Libya_, 28 July 2017, [https://bit.ly/2JhWE6l;](https://bit.ly/2JhWE6l) HRW, _Libya:_ _Activists_ _Being_ _Silenced_, 27 July 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5979ea694.html. On women\u2019s rights defenders, see below para. 10.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5979ea694.html)\n51 \u201c _Armed groups, including those formally integrated into Ministries, have subjected health care providers to physical and verbal assaults,_\n_threats, intimidation, and unlawful deprivation of liberty, contributing to the exodus of health care professionals_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Libya: Health-_\n_Care under Attack_, 22 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html, p. 1. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html) _Report of the_\n_Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\npara. 40; World Health Organization (WHO), _Rising Health Worker Abductions in Libya Threaten Fragile Health System_, 21 December\n2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b642d024.html; UN Secretary-General,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b642d024.html) _Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-_\n_General_, 24 August 2017, A/72/361\u2013S/2017/821, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html) (hereafter: UN Secretary-General,\n_Children and Armed Conflict_ [, 24 August 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html), para. 107.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html)\n52 Alkarama, _Libya: Human Rights and Humanitarian Activist Abducted by Forces Affiliated with UN-Backed Government_, 19 July 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2JDZHpe; The Libya Observer,](https://bit.ly/2JDZHpe) _IOM Personnel Abducted in Southern Libya_, 13 January 2018, [https://bit.ly/2EJuwa8; Reuters,](https://bit.ly/2EJuwa8)\n_Gunmen Fire on U.N. Convoy West of Libyan Capital_, 28 June 2017, [https://reut.rs/2ubY39I; UN Security Council,](https://reut.rs/2ubY39I) _Report of the Secretary-_\n_General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 12 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 21.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\n53 These reportedly include: Prisons under the Judicial Police of the Ministry of Justice; facilities under the Ministry of Interior; prisons under\nthe Ministry of Defence; and facilities run by intelligence agencies affiliated to State institutions, such as the General Intelligence Service\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "groups with no formal connection to state institutions or with affiliation to the unrecognized \u201cInterim\nGovernment\u201d and affiliated institutions in eastern Libya. [54] The vast majority of detainees in official\nfacilities are reportedly held in pre-trial detention. [55] According to reports, detainees are routinely held\n_incommunicado_, are frequently not informed of the charges against them, have not appeared before\ncourts and lack legal representation. [56] Torture and other forms of ill-treatment are reported to be\n\u201c _systematic_ \u201d, particularly at the outset of detention and during interrogations, and has resulted in\ndeaths. [57] There are also credible reports of summary executions of captured or detained persons at the\nhands of armed groups. [58] Detention conditions are reported to be inhumane both in official and nonofficial detention centres. [59] The LPA recognizes the urgent need to address the situation of thousands\nof \u201cconflict-related\u201d detainees held without legal basis; [60] however, little progress has reportedly been\nmade in this respect. [61] The UN and human rights observers have also expressed concern over the\ncontinued imposition of the death penalty. [62]\n\n\n10. **Women** **and girls** reportedly continue to be subjected to severe discrimination in law and practice, as\n\nwell as to various forms of violence and ill-treatment at the hands of both state and non-state actors,\nincluding in particular gender-based violence. There is a reported lack of state protection for women in\nthese situations. [63] Armed groups reportedly subject women to widespread harassment and intimidation,\nunlawful killings, enforced disappearances, and sexual abuse, targeting in particular women accused of\nnot complying with strict interpretations of religious and societal gender norms, [64] women\u2019s rights\n\n\n(GIS) under the oversight of the Presidency Council; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 11.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n54 \u201c _Some 6,400 individuals were held in 26 official prisons under the Ministry of Justice, an estimated 75 to 80 per cent of them in pretrial_\n_detention. Thousands of others were held in facilities nominally under the control of the Ministry of the Interior or the Ministry of Defence,_\n_as well as facilities directly run by armed groups_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 31. See also, OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html) p. 11; HRW, _World_ _Report_ _2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 18 January 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html)\n55 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 7 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 38;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html)\nHRW, _World Report 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_ [, 18 January 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html. See also, OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html) _Arbitrary and_\n_Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 9.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n56 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n32; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 4, 21.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n57 OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 5, 28-30, 32-33.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n58 \u201c _There are serious risks for those forcibly disappeared by armed groups. The bodies of hundreds of individuals taken by armed groups_\n_have been uncovered in streets, hospitals, and rubbish dumps, many with bound limbs, marks of torture and gunshot wounds._\n_OHCHR/UNSMIL found that armed groups across the country have summarily executed or otherwise unlawfully killed individuals deprived_\n_of their liberty_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 5.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\nSee also p. 32 of the same report and UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 34.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n59 OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 4, 30-31; UN](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\nSecurity Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 7 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, paras 38, 40.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html)\n60 The LPA requires armed groups to release persons held without legal basis or hand them over to the judicial authorities within 30 days and\nrequires judicial authorities to bring detainees before courts or release them within another 60 days, and to provide effective protection and\nsafeguards against abuse; _Libyan Political Agreement_, 17 December 2015, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641eae4.html, Article 26;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641eae4.html)\nOHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 9.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n61 OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 9; Amnesty](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\nInternational, _Amnesty International Report 2017/18_ \uf02d _Libya_ [, 22 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html)\n62 On 15 August 2018, 45 alleged supporters of the former Gaddafi government were sentenced to death in a mass trial relating to the killing\nof protesters during the 2011 uprising. The trial was described as falling short of international fair trial standards. No death sentences have\nreportedly been implemented since 2010; HRW, _Libya: 45 Sentenced to Death for 2011 Killings_, 22 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87f9a94.html; UNSMIL,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87f9a94.html) _UNSMIL Statement on 45 Death Penalties Issued by Tripoli Court of Appeal_,\n[16 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2wxpDOV.](https://bit.ly/2wxpDOV)\n63 \u201c _The prevalence of GBV is underreported as a result of weak reporting structures, cultural attributes and practices that link to shame,_\n_stigma, and fear of retaliation, a general lack of trust among service providers, and the lack of a multi-sectorial GBV referral system and_\n_coordination mechanism._ (\u2026) _Furthermore, the notion of domestic violence is regarded as a private matter, which explains family and_\n_community_ _non-intervention_ _and_ _a_ _culture_ _of_ _impunity_ \u201d; OCHA, _Libya_ _HNO_ _2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 10. See also, Freedom House,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Freedom in the World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html; OCHA,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) _Middle East, North Africa: Protection of Women and Children Snapshot (January_\n\n_- December 2017)_, 28 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html) (hereafter: OCHA, _Protection of Women and Children_\n_Snapshot_, 28 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html); OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html) _Situation of Human Rights in Libya, and the_\n_Effectiveness of Technical Assistance and Capacity-Building Measures Received by the Government of Libya_, 21 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html (hereafter: OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html) _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_, 21 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html), paras 33, 36.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\n64 US Department of State, _2016_ _Report_ _on_ _International_ _Religious_ _Freedom_ \uf02d _Libya_, 15 August 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/59b7d885a.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59b7d885a.html)\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "defenders [65] and women active in public life. [66] Women are reportedly also at risk of being detained on\naccount of family affiliations, for reason of \u201cmoral crimes\u201d, or for the purpose of prisoner exchanges;\nthey are regularly held in facilities without female guards and have reportedly been subjected to torture\nand other forms of ill-treatment, including sexual violence. [67] Women\u2019s freedom of movement is\nreportedly restricted as a result of the security situation, and, in some instances, only permitted with a\nmale guardian. [68]\n\n11. **Children** are reportedly disproportionally affected by the ongoing conflict and violence in Libya. [69]\n\nThey are reportedly at risk of sexual and gender-based violence; [70] domestic violence; [71] recruitment by\narmed groups; [72] abduction, unlawful detention, as well as torture and other forms of ill-treatment,\nincluding on account of their own or their family members\u2019 alleged or actual association with other\nparties to the conflict; [73] and killing as a result of the indiscriminate use of weapons in residential areas,\nin crossfire and from explosive remnants of war. [74] Access to education has reportedly been impaired by\n\n\n65 \u201c _Libyan women activists, bloggers and journalists are increasingly being silenced as they face gender-based violence in the form of physical_\n_assault, abductions and sexual violence, as well as smear campaigns, gender-related slurs and attempts at intimidation_ \u201d; Amnesty\nInternational, _Libya:_ _Silenced_ _Voices:_ _Libyan_ _Women_ _Human_ _Rights_ _Defenders_ _under_ _Attack_, 17 July 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abc764.html. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abc764.html) _Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related_\n_Sexual Violence_ [, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, paras 48-49; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html) _Situation of Human_\n_Rights in Libya_ [, 21 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, para. 33.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\n66 \u201c _In the face of intimidation and targeting, high-profile women activists continued to be forced to retreat from public and political_\n_engagement_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Amnesty_ _International_ _Report_ _2017/18_ _\u2013_ _Libya_, 22 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html. See also, Libya Herald,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html) _Assault on Female Blogger and Activist Maryam Tayeb in Tripoli_,\n[27 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2LTM6QN; UN Security Council,](https://bit.ly/2LTM6QN) _Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence_, 23\n[March 2018, S/2018/250, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, para. 49.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html)\n67 For example, women and girls accused of engaging in sexual relations outside of marriage, which is criminalized in Libya, have reportedly\nbeen subjected to invasive \u201cvirginity tests\u201d pursuant to judicial orders; UN Security Council, _Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-_\n_Related Sexual Violence_, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, para. 49. See also, UN Security](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html)\nCouncil, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 39; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n_Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 3, 5, 35-37; OCHA,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n_Protection of Women and Children Snapshot_, 28 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html; UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html)\n_Report_ _of_ _the_ _Secretary-General_ _on_ _Conflict-Related_ _Sexual_ _Violence_, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, paras 19, 47, 48; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html) _Oral Update of the United Nations High Commissioner for_\n_Human Rights on Libya_ [, 20 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html) _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_,\n[21 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, para. 34.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\n68 \u201c _In February_ [2017] _the military in eastern Libya issued Decree No. 6 of 2017, restricting Libyan women under the age of 60 from travelling_\n_abroad without a legal male guardian. Following a public outcry and calls from civil society for its removal, Decree No. 6 was replaced_\n_on 23 February with Decree No. 7, which stipulated that no Libyan male or female between the ages of 18 and 45 could travel abroad_\n_without prior \u2018security approval\u2019. The Decree failed to specify the procedure required to obtain such approval or the criteria that would_\n_be used to grant or deny it_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Amnesty International Report 2017/18_ \uf02d _Libya_, 22 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html. See also, OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9938c64.html) _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_, 21 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, para. 33.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\n69 UNHCR, _Libya Protection Sector Strategy 2018-2019_ [, 1 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641f854.html, p. 6; Rom\u00e9o](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641f854.html)\nDallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, _Libya Country Report: Children & Security_ [, 31 January 2017, https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p, p. 4.](https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p)\n70 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), _Libya: Humanitarian Situation Report 2017_ [, 22 January 2018, https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7, p. 3;](https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7)\nRom\u00e9o Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, _Libya Country Report: Children & Security_ [, 31 January 2017, https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p, p. 17.](https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p)\n71 A study by the National Center for Disease Control on Violence against Children in 2017 among middle school students in Libya, showed\na high prevalence of violence against children at home and in school with 92 per cent of male and 88 per cent female students having\nexperienced at least some form of violence; UNICEF, _Libya: Humanitarian Situation Report 2017_, 22 January 2018,\n[https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7, p. 3.](https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7)\n72 UN Security Council, _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 51; US Department of State,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _2018 Trafficking in Persons Report_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 June\n2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b3e0af04.html; UN Secretary-General,](https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282694.htm) _Children and Armed Conflict_, 24 August 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html, para. 105; Rom\u00e9o Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html) _Libya Country Report: Children &_\n_Security_ [, 31 January 2017, https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p, p. 16.](https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p)\n73 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 7 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 35;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html)\nOHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_, April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, pp. 3, 16, 19; UN](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\nSecurity Council, _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 51; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_, 21 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, paras 38-39.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\n74 OHCHR, _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_ [, 21 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, para. 37; UN Security](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html)\nCouncil, _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 51; UN Secretary-General,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html) _Children and Armed Conflict_, 24 August 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html, para. 106.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a95820e4.html)\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conflict and instability, [75] and schools have been the target for attacks. [76] Many children are reportedly in\nneed of mental health support given the conflict\u2019s devastating impact. [77]\n\n\n12. **Persons of Diverse Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identities** are reportedly subjected to state and\n\nsocietal discrimination. [78] Moreover, same-sex relations are proscribed under the Penal Code of 1953 (as\namended by Law 70 of 1976). [79] Reports suggest that other provisions that criminalize \u201cacts of\nindecency\u201d and the distribution of \u201carticles of an indecent nature\u201d may also be used to prosecute persons\nof diverse sexual orientations and/or gender identities. [80] Persons of diverse sexual orientations and/or\ngender identities reportedly face physical violence, harassment, threats, arbitrary arrest and death at the\nhands of non-state actors operating with impunity. [81]\n\n13. **Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)** are reportedly targeted for forced eviction, [82] arbitrary detention,\n\nabduction, and torture by different armed groups on account of their perceived affiliation with rival\narmed groups. [83] Many IDPs are reportedly barred from returning to their areas of origin due to their\nperceived support of \u201cterrorism\u201d or the former Gaddafi government. [84] IDP women and girls are\nparticularly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence, which is said to be \u201c _widely underreported_ \u201d\n\n\n75 See below para. 32.\n76 See above para. 8.\n77 Middle East Eye, _Libya's Children Scarred and Haunted by War: 'It\u2019s all They Know'_ [, 4 September 2017, https://bit.ly/2O8schw; Rom\u00e9o](https://bit.ly/2O8schw)\nDallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, _Libya Country Report: Children & Security_ [, 31 January 2017, https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p, p. 19.](https://bit.ly/2OE9Q9p)\n78 Freedom House, _Freedom in the World 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 28 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html; Quzah Libya,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ab9957.html) _Taking_\n_Baby Steps in Defending LGBTI Rights in a Highly Homophobic Nation_ [, 30 August 2016, https://bit.ly/2O8ykX1; Australian Government](https://bit.ly/2O8ykX1)\nDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), _Country Information Report \u2013 Libya_ [, 4 April 2016, https://bit.ly/2HL4SD0, paras 3.86,](https://bit.ly/2HL4SD0)\n3.88; Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, _Libya: Situation of Sexual Minorities, Including Legislation; Treatment by_\n_Society_ _and_ _Authorities;_ _State_ _Protection_ _and_ _Available_ _Services_ _(2011_ _-_ _July_ _2014)_, 17 July\n[2014, LBY104913.E, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54ca12544.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54ca12544.html)\n79 \u201c _The penal code prohibits all sexual acts outside marriage, including same-sex relations, and punishes them with up to five years in prison\u201d;_\nHRW, _World Report 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 18 January 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html. See also, International Lesbian, Gay,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html)\nBisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), _State Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Sexual Orientation Laws:_\n_Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition_ [, May 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e615f64.html, pp. 37, 92.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e615f64.html)\n80 HRW, _Audacity_ _in_ _Adversity:_ _LGBT_ _Activism_ _in_ _the_ _Middle_ _East_ _and_ _North_ _Africa_, 16 April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b34f0827.html, p. 69; ILGA,](https://bit.ly/2JIX7zp) _State Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Sexual Orientation Laws:_\n_Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition_, May 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e615f64.html, pp. 41, 92, 176-177.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e615f64.html)\n81 HRW, _Audacity_ _in_ _Adversity:_ _LGBT_ _Activism_ _in_ _the_ _Middle_ _East_ _and_ _North_ _Africa_, 16 April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b34f0827.html, pp. 13, 16-17, 19; ICG,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b34f0827.html) _How the Islamic State Rose, Fell and Could Rise again in the_\n_Maghreb_ [, 24 July 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5975eef84.html, p. 14.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5975eef84.html)\n82 In mid-August 2018, following days of raids, threats and arbitrary arrests, 1,900 IDPs from Tawergha were forcibly evicted by a local\nmilitia from Triq Al Matar settlement in Tripoli where they had been living since 2011. The majority of households were displaced to other\nareas in Tripoli. Some families from Tawergha living in other settlements in Tripoli fled in anticipation of being attacked; UNHCR, _Militias_\n_Evict and Disperse 1,900 Displaced People in Libya_, 14 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2MOVsJS; OHCHR,](https://bit.ly/2MOVsJS) _Press Briefing Notes on Cambodia_\n_Elections, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Libya Attacks_ [, 17 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2Mm9syD; UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2Mm9syD) _Flash Update on the Forced_\n_Eviction and Mass Arrest in Tarik Al-Matar Internally Displaced Settlement_, 10 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2wpqT7K; Amnesty](https://bit.ly/2wpqT7K)\nInternational, _Libya: Tawergha IDP Camp Attacked by Militia in Danger of Further Attack and Demolition_, 10 August 2018.\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87edb54.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87edb54.html)\n83 UNHCR, _Internally Displaced Persons from Benghazi_ [, March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html, p. 1. For example, in](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html)\nwestern Libya, IDPs from the east reportedly face discrimination and have been subjected to arbitrary arrest following \u201cterrorist\u201d incidents:\n\u201c _Many internally displaced persons from Benghazi have been targeted on suspicion of supporting terrorist groups, and many of those_\n_displaced whom the Special Rapporteur spoke with reported that male family members had been detained since 2014_ (\u2026)\u201d; UN General\nAssembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons on Her Visit to Libya_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html (hereafter: UN General Assembly,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights_\n_of IDPs_, 10 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html), para. 43. See also paras 38 and 39 of the same report and OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n_Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 17.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html)\n84 IDPs particularly affected reportedly include those from Tawergha, Benghazi, Mashashya, Sirte, Warshafana, Tripoli and Kikkla; UNHCR,\n_Libya: Protection_ \uf02d _Situation Overview, January-February 2018_ [, 29 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb,](https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb) p. 2. For example, the return of\naround 40,000 displaced members of the Tawergha community continues to be blocked by armed groups from Misrata, reportedly on\naccount of the community being accused of having supported Ghaddafi\u2019s forces in 2011; UN Security Council, _United Nations Support_\n_Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 47; UN General Assembly,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Report of the Special_\n_Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, paras 51-56; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Libya:_\n_Residents of Tawergha \u2018Dying in Desert\u2019 in Attempt to Return Home after Seven Years_, 20 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abfa34.html; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abfa34.html) _Libya: Residents Barred from Returning Home_, 16 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb1fca.html. Armed groups affiliated with the LNA are reportedly blocking the return of thousands of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb1fca.html)\nIDP families to Benghazi on the basis that they \u201c _support terrorism_ \u201d; HRW, _Libya: Displaced Benghazi Families Prevented from Return_, 1\n[February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html. See also below para. 25.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html)\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and reported to occur with impunity. [85] Judges and lawyers reportedly face pressure not to take on cases\ninvolving abuses committed against IDPs. [86]\n\n14. The administration of justice is reported to be \u201c _dysfunctional in most of the country_ \u201d. [87] The judiciary\n\nreportedly delay deciding cases with political or security related aspects. [88] Prosecutors, judges and other\njudicial staff are reportedly targeted for threats and attacks. [89]\n\n\n_**Situation of Third-Country Nationals (Including Asylum-Seekers, Refugees and Migrants)**_\n15. Libya is not party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or its Protocol. [90] It has\n\nratified the 1969 Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (OAU\nConvention) [91] and is also party to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (\u201cBanjul\nCharter\u201d). [92] While the right to asylum is provided for in Article 10 of Libya\u2019s 2011 interim\nConstitutional Declaration, [93] there is no asylum legislation or any established asylum procedures. [94] As\na result, all non-Libyans regardless of their status fall under national immigration laws, including\nasylum-seekers and refugees. Applicable Libyan laws criminalize all irregular entry, stay, or exit, for\nexample without the appropriate documentation or through unofficial border posts, without\ndistinguishing between asylum-seekers/refugees, migrants, or victims of trafficking. Violations are\npenalized with an undefined prison sentence with \u201chard labour\u201d or a fine of approximately 1,000 Libyan\nDinars (USD 723) and eventually deportation once the sentence is completed. [95 ] Third-country nationals\nwho have been deported from Libya are not permitted to return without a decision from the Director of\nthe General Directorate of Passports and Nationality. [96]\n\n\n85 \u201c _According to several reports submitted to the Special Rapporteur, violence against internally displaced women and girls ranges from_\n_psychological and verbal abuse to kidnapping, rape and other forms of sexual assault. Due to stigma, fear of retaliation, weak reporting_\n_structures, lack of specialized staff and a lack of trust in the formal judicial system, these cases of sexual and gender-based violence are_\n_widely underreported in Libya_ \u201d; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 47.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n86 Ibid., para. 40.\n87 HRW, _Libya: Displaced Benghazi Families Prevented from Return_ [, 1 February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html. See](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html)\nalso, HRW, _World Report 2018_ \uf02d _Libya_, 18 January 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html; Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a61ee53a.html) _Human_\n_Rights Council Should Establish an International Investigative Mechanism into Human Rights Violations in Libya_, 20 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html, pp. 1, 2.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c0fb4.html)\n88 OHCHR, _Arbitrary and Unlawful Detention in Libya_ [, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html, p. 10. \u201c](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5590154.html) _The weakness_\n_of judicial institutions and the general climate of lawlessness and insecurity hampered victims\u2019 ability to seek protection, justice and_\n_redress_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 12 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html, para. 38.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c678f4.html)\n89 See above para. 8.\n90 UN General Assembly, _Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees_, 28 July 1951, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 189,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/3be01b964.html, p. 137;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3be01b964.html) _Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees_, 31 January 1967, UN Treaty Series,\n[Vol. 606, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html, p. 267.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n91 Although Libya is a party to the OAU Convention, it has not enacted domestic legislation to implement the convention; Organization of\nAfrican Unity (OAU), _Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (\u201cOAU Convention\u201d)_, 10 September\n[1969, 1001 UN Treaty Series 45, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36018.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36018.html)\n92 See Art. 12(3) with regards to the right to seek and enjoy asylum in accordance with member states\u2019 laws and international conventions;\nOAU, _African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (\u201cBanjul Charter\u201d)_, 27 June 1981, CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982),\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3630.html. In 2004, Libya also ratified core international protocols relating to human trafficking and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3630.html)\nsmuggling of migrants, including: UN General Assembly _, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially_\n_Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime_, 15 November 2000,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/4720706c0.html; UN General Assembly,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4720706c0.html) _Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and_\n_Air,_ _Supplementing_ _the_ _United_ _Nations_ _Convention_ _Against_ _Transnational_ _Organized_ _Crime_, 15 November 2000,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/479dee062.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/479dee062.html)\n93 Article 10 of the 2011 Constitutional Declaration stipulates: \u201c _The State shall guarantee the right of asylum in accordance with an Act of_\n_Parliament. The extradition of political refugees shall be prohibited_ \u201d; _Constitutional Declaration_ [Libya], 3 August 2011,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b645f5d4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b645f5d4.html)\n94 Amnesty International, _Libya's Dark Web of Collusion: Abuses Against Europe-bound Refugees and Migrants_, 11 December 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html (hereafter: Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html) _Abuses Against Europe-Bound Refugees and Migrants_,\n[11 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html), p. 7.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\n95 Provisions for the detention of non-citizens for immigration-related violations are contained in two laws: Law No. 6 (1987) Regulating\n[Entry, Residence and Exit of Foreign Nationals to/from Libya as amended by Law No. 2 (2004), available at: https://bit.ly/2M3D96V](https://bit.ly/2M3D96V) and\n[https://bit.ly/2nnd98C; and Law No. 19 of 2010 on Combating Irregular Migration, available at:](https://bit.ly/2nnd98C) [https://bit.ly/2KBzIiI. See also, Global](https://bit.ly/2KBzIiI)\nDetention Project (GDP), _Country Report Immigration Detention in Libya: \u201cA Human Rights Crisis\u201d_, August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8802614.html, pp. 12-13, 30.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8802614.html)\n96 Article 18 of Law No. 6 (1987) Regulating Entry, Residence and Exit of Foreign Nationals to/from Libya as amended by Law No. 2 (2004).\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.8074731230735779, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "violence against internally displaced women and girls", - "confidence": 0.6975271105766296, - "start": 352, - "end": 359 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Special Rapporteur", - "confidence": 0.9596523642539978, - "start": 349, - "end": 351 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.95451420545578, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5972535014152527, - "start": 435, - "end": 436 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced women and girls", - "confidence": 0.8002357482910156, - "start": 354, - "end": 359 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16. As of 31 August 2018, UNHCR in Libya had registered 55,008 asylum-seekers and refugees. [97] In\n\naddition to asylum-seekers and refugees registered with UNHCR, there are third-country nationals or\nstateless persons with international protection needs who have not been registered with UNHCR. [98]\nFurthermore, as of June 2018, over 679,000 migrants from over 40 nationalities were recorded to be\nliving in Libya, although the actual number is estimated to be up to one million. [99] A January 2015 entry\nban for Syrians, Palestinians, Bangladeshis and Sudanese, which was expanded in September 2015 to\nalso include Yemenis, Iranians and Pakistanis, reportedly remains in place in areas under control of the\nTobruk/Al-Bayda-based authorities, although no information as to the actual implementation is\navailable. [100]\n\n\n17. Asylum-seekers, refugees and migrants transiting through or remaining in Libya are reportedly\n\nparticularly vulnerable in the context of the volatile security situation and deteriorating socio-economic\nconditions. [101] The majority of asylum-seekers, refugees and migrants do not have access to residence\npermits, putting them at acute risk of arrest and detention for irregular stay. [102] As a result of their\nirregular status and lack of legal documents, [103] as well as widespread discriminatory practices\n(particularly, but not exclusively, against persons from sub-Saharan countries), [104] they are reportedly\noften excluded from social security mechanisms and denied access to basic services, including\nemergency health care, resulting in poor living conditions. [105] Many are therefore compelled to resort to\nnegative coping strategies. [106] According to a December 2017 study, no significant differences were\n\n\n97 Of these, 43 per cent are Syrian, followed by Sudanese (18 per cent), Palestinians (13 per cent) and Eritreans (12 per cent). Others, including\nfrom Iraq, Somalia and Ethiopia, account for 13.5 per cent; UNHCR, _Libya: Registration_ \uf02d _Fact Sheet August 2018_, 1 September 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2NKVpiL;](https://bit.ly/2NKVpiL) UNHCR, _Operational_ _Portal_ _\u2013_ _Refugee_ _Situations:_ _Libya_, last updated 31 August 2018,\n[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/lby. Between January and August 2018, UNHCR registered 10,499 individuals, mostly Sudanese,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/lby)\nEritreans, Syrians and Somalis; UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash Update Libya (23 - 31 August 2018)_ [, 31 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2LRVhfR.](https://bit.ly/2LRVhfR)\n98 In practice, the Libyan authorities only recognize that individuals of nine designated nationalities may have a claim for international\nprotection. Accordingly, UNHCR can register as persons of concern only individuals from these nine countries, namely Ethiopia, Eritrea,\nIraq, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen. UNHCR continues to advocate for the registration of all persons seeking\ninternational protection, regardless of nationality; UNHCR information, August 2018.\n99 The top five countries of origin identified are Niger, Egypt, Chad, Sudan and Ghana, which together account for up to 65 per cent of Libya\u2019s\nmigrant population. Women represent approximately 10 per cent and children eight per cent. 26,000 children were reported to be\nunaccompanied; International Organization for Migration (IOM), _Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)_ \uf02d _Libya\u2019s Migrant Report_ \uf02d _Round_\n_20_ ( _May - June 2018)_ [, 31 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2OFaao6, pp. 2, 14. See also, Refugees International,](https://bit.ly/2OFaao6) _\u201cDeath Would Have Been Better\u201d:_\n_Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya_, 15 April 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html (hereafter:](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\nRefugees International, _Europe_ _Continues_ _to_ _Fail_ _Refugees_ _and_ _Migrants_ _in_ _Libya_, 15 April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html), pp. 6, 14.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\n100 Information available to UNHCR based on media and government communications, August 2018. See also, Reuters, _Libya's Official_\n_Government Bans Yemenis, Iranians, Pakistanis from Entry_ [, 1 September 2015, http://reut.rs/1EwwRnl.](http://reut.rs/1EwwRnl)\n101 \u201c _The deterioration of socio-economic conditions in the country affected respondents from all region of origin, including respondents from_\n_the MENA region, who are generally assumed to enjoy better living conditions than refugees and migrants from other regions. As much as_\n_refugees and migrants from East and West Africa, respondents from the MENA region reported being employed in daily jobs, characterised_\n_by unstable income and precarious working conditions_ \u201d; REACH/Start Network, _Refugees Mixed Migration Routes and Migrants\u2019 Access_\n_to Resources, Healthcare and Housing Dynamics in Libya: Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms,_ December 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K) (hereafter: REACH, _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_ [, December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K), p. 25.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n102 \u201c _Migrants with irregular status are technically in Libya illegally, and can be arbitrarily detained and deported at any time. This makes_\n_seeking services risky, leaves them no legal recourse for crimes perpetrated against them, and ultimately makes them a prime target for_\n_exploitation and abuse_ \u201d; International Rescue Committee (IRC), _Pushing the Boundaries: Insights into the EU\u2019s Response to Mixed_\n_Migration on the Central Mediterranean Route_, 11 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1) (hereafter: IRC, _Pushing the Boundaries_, 11 July 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1), p. 24. See also above para. 15.](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1)\n103 \u201c _In order to live, work, and have access to basic services, migrants must have necessary documentation. Whilst the majority of migrants_\n_and refugees enter Libya irregularly, some migrants enter Libya in possession of appropriate travel documents, but they are unable to_\n_renew these documents when they expire_ \u201d; OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 8.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n104 \u201c _As the country\u2019s security situation has deteriorated, xenophobic sentiments and abuse against migrants have increased, especially_\n_targeting those from Sub-Saharan Africa. Those without legal papers are particularly vulnerable to exploitation_ \u201d; IRC, _Pushing the_\n_Boundaries_, 11 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 12. See also, REACH,](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1) _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_, December 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 1, 2, 16, 17, 21, 22-23, 26.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n105 OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp. 13, 14, 32, 43, 44. \u201c(\u2026)](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _many refugees and_\n_migrants encounter discrimination and exploitation by the local population. There are instances of people being denied treatment in_\n_hospitals and private clinics or being forced to wait longer than other patients because of their background and appearance. Yet irregular_\n_migrants cannot denounce to the authorities these abuses nor access key services (including formal employment, health care and education)_\n_for fear of being arrested_ \u201d; Mixed Migration Centre, _Fraught with Risk_ \uf02d _Protection Concerns of People on the Move Across West Africa_\n_and Libya_, 11 May 2018, [https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz (hereafter: Mixed Migration Centre,](https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz) _Fraught with Risk_, 11 May 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz), p. 16. See also below \u201c](https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz) _Humanitarian Situation_ \u201d.\n106 REACH, _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_ [, December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 2, 15, 22, 23-24, 26.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "affected respondents", - "confidence": 0.6145039200782776, - "start": 750, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH/Start Network", - "confidence": 0.5181036591529846, - "start": 816, - "end": 820 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MENA region", - "confidence": 0.8090324401855469, - "start": 762, - "end": 764 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9039974212646484, - "start": 847, - "end": 848 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7387452721595764, - "start": 775, - "end": 778 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "found in terms of access to resources and services between refugees and migrants who were long-term\nresidents compared to those who had arrived in the country more recently. [107]\n\n\n18. Asylum-seekers and refugees with a valid UNHCR certificate are in principle granted access to free\n\neducation and medical assistance in public schools and hospitals; however, in practice this is not always\nthe case. Syrians, Palestinians and Iraqis normally have access, while those from sub-Saharan countries\nwould need the intervention by UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps (IMC) on a caseby-case basis to access services. [108] Since 2017, UNHCR has observed a remarkable increase in the\nnumber of refugees and asylum-seekers who are wholly dependent on UNHCR\u2019s direct financial and\nmedical assistance. [109]\n\n\n19. Following interception or rescue of individuals at sea, the Libyan Coast Guard (LCG) hands the persons\n\nover to the authorities of the Directorate to Combat Illegal Migration (DCIM), [110 ] which transfers them\ndirectly to government-run detention centres where they are held for indefinite periods. [111 ] Presently,\nthere is no possibility of release, except in the context of repatriation, evacuation or resettlement to third\ncountries. [112] At the time of writing, UNHCR estimates that over 8,000 persons, including more than\n4,500 persons of the nine nationalities that UNHCR is able to register in Libya, [113] are held in detention\ncentres run by the DCIM after having been rescued or intercepted at sea, or after having been arrested\non land during house raids or identity checks including near land borders. [114] There are no available\nfigures for those held by various armed factions or criminal networks in unofficial detention centres,\nincluding in warehouses and farms. [115] In all facilities, detention conditions reportedly fail to meet\ninternational standards [116 ] and have been described as \u201c _appalling_ \u201d, [117] \u201c _nightmarish_ \u201d, [118] \u201c _cruel, inhuman_\n_and degrading_ .\u201d [119 ] Both male and female asylum-seekers, refugees, and migrants, including children,\nare reportedly systematically subjected to or are at very high risk of torture and other forms of ill\n\n107 Ibid., p. 2.\n108 UNHCR information, August 2018. See also below \u201c _Humanitarian Situation_ \u201d.\n109 UNHCR information, August 2018.\n110 The DCIM was established as a division of the GNA\u2019s Ministry of Interior in 2012 to tackle irregular migration flows into the country. It\nis responsible for arresting anyone who has entered the country irregularly, organizing the deportation of irregular migrants and managing\nthe detention centres.\n111 \u201c _Since there is no registration system in place for those disembarked and subsequently detained, it is impossible to know with any degree_\n_of accuracy how many people are being held in official detention at any given time, the length of their detention and, ultimately, their fate_ \u201d;\nIRC, _Pushing the Boundaries_ [, 11 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 15.](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1)\n112 UNHCR, _Desperate Journeys January 2017 - March 2018_ [, April 2018, https://bit.ly/2EEqIX9, p. 9. See also below para. 23.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/63039)\n113 See above footnote 98.\n114 UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash Update Libya (17 - 24 August 2018)_ [, 24 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9.](https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9)\n115 \u201c _Armed groups or criminal gangs operating without affiliation to the DCIM or any other state institution have over the past three years_\n_increasingly detained refugees and migrants as a means of generating cash by extorting ransom payments_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Abuses_\n_Against Europe-Bound Refugees and Migrants_, 11 December 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 27. See also, HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\n_EU/Italy/Libya: Disputes Over Rescues Put Lives at Risk_ [, 25 July 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b646a9f4.html; IRC,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b646a9f4.html) _Pushing the_\n_Boundaries_ [, 11 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 13.](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1)\n116 Reports describe conditions of extreme overcrowding, poor lighting and ventilation, as well as lack of access to medical care, psychosocial\nsupport and adequate nutrition. (Then) UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra\u2019ad Al Hussein, said that \u201c[T]he _detention system_\n_for migrants in Libya is broken beyond repair._ \u201d He further described the conditions as encountered by UN monitors visiting four DCIM\ndetention facilities in Tripoli: \u201c _Monitors were shocked by what they witnessed: thousands of emaciated and traumatized men, women and_\n_children piled on top of each other, locked up in hangars with no access to the most basic necessities, and stripped of their human dignity_ \u201d;\nOHCHR, _UN Human Rights Chief: Suffering of Migrants in Libya Outrage to Conscience of Humanity_, 14 November 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6461354.html. See also, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF),](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6461354.html) _Stop Arbitrary Detention of Refugees and_\n_Migrants Disembarked in Libya_ [, 24 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr; UN Security Council,](https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr) _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 7\nMay 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 44; Refugees International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html) _Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and_\n_Migrants in Libya_ [, 15 April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\n117 OHCHR, _Oral Update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya_, 20 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html)\n118 MSF, _An Open Letter from MSF International President Dr Joanne Liu to European Government Leaders_, 6 September 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KSy55e.](https://bit.ly/2KSy55e)\n119 Amnesty International, _Abuses_ _Against_ _Europe-Bound_ _Refugees_ _and_ _Migrants_, 11 December 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, pp. 9, 53.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration system", - "confidence": 0.9878383874893188, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9044060707092285, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7283371090888977, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "irregular migrants", - "confidence": 0.8680664896965027, - "start": 484, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "treatment, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, [120] forced labour as well as extortion, [121]\nboth in official and unofficial detention facilities. [122] Racial and religious discrimination in detention is\nalso reported. [123] Those detained have no possibility to challenge the legality of their detention or\ntreatment. [124] Third-country nationals in detention are also impacted by the general security situation in\nthe country as demonstrated during the late August 2018 escalation in fighting between rival armed\ngroups in Tripoli. [125]\n\n\n20. Insecurity and the absence of a central state authority with effective control has allowed Libya to become\n\na main country of transit and departure for refugees and migrants seeking to reach Europe in their flight\nfrom persecution, conflict and violence or hardship, often in unseaworthy, overcrowded boats. [126]\nSmuggling networks operating across East and West Africa reportedly bring the refugees and migrants\nby road via Libya\u2019s southern border in the Fezzan region, which borders Niger, Chad and Algeria. From\nthere, they make their way to the country\u2019s north-west from where they attempt to move onwards to\nEuropean destinations, mainly to or via Italy. [127]\n\n\n21. _En route_ and during their stay in Libya, migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, including children, are\n\nreportedly at risk of being subjected to widespread and systematic human rights violations and abuses\nat the hands of smugglers, traffickers, armed groups, militias, criminal gangs and state officials acting\nwith impunity. These violations and abuses reportedly include unlawful deprivation of liberty and\narbitrary detention; torture and other forms of ill-treatment, including rape and other forms of sexual\n\n\n120 \u201c _Migrant women and girls were raped and otherwise sexually abused during their journeys through Libya, in both official and unofficial_\n_migrant detention centres. Survivors described being taken away from cells shared with others by armed men, including guards of the_\n_Department for Combating Illegal Migration, and being raped repeatedly by multiple perpetrators. Those who tried to resist were beaten,_\n_threatened at gunpoint, and denied food and water_ \u201d; OHCHR, _Situation of Human Rights in Libya_, 21 February 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html, para. 35. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c64fd4.html) _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24\nAugust 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 39; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html) _Returned Migrants Are Being Robbed, Raped and_\n_Murdered in Libya_ [, 8 September 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5598dd4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5598dd4.html)\n121 \u201c _In a lawless country, refugees and migrants have become a resource to be exploited \u2013 a commodity around which an entire industry has_\n_grown, as the shocking footage of a migrants_ [sic] _being sold, aired in November 2017 highlighted_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Abuses Against_\n_Europe-Bound Refugees and Migrants_, 11 December 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 6. See also, Jamestown](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\nFoundation, _Libya\u2019s Rogue Militias Keep the Country from Tackling Human Trafficking_, Terrorism Monitor Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 26\n[February 2018, https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu; Euro-Med Monitor,](https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu) _Libya: Dozens of Refugees Kidnapped by Armed Gangs_, 22 February 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2CfpC7t; OHCHR,](https://bit.ly/2CfpC7t) _Libya Must End \u201cOutrageous\u201d Auctions of Enslaved People, UN Experts Insist_, 30 November 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5593324.html; CNN,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5593324.html) _People for Sale,_ [15 November 2017, https://cnn.it/2FX902f.](https://cnn.it/2FX902f)\n122 Amnesty International, _Abuses_ _Against_ _Europe-Bound_ _Refugees_ _and_ _Migrants_, 11 December 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 22. \u201c](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html) _In recent weeks, UNHCR has witnessed a critical worsening in conditions in_\n_detention centres, due to the increasing overcrowding and lack of basic living standards. As a consequence, riots and hunger strikes by_\n_refugees inside detention centres are taking place, demanding a resolution to their bleak living conditions_ \u201d; UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash_\n_Update Libya (17 - 24 August 2018)_ [, 24 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9.](https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9)\n123 Refugees International, _Europe_ _Continues_ _to_ _Fail_ _Refugees_ _and_ _Migrants_ _in_ _Libya_, 15 April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html, p. 10.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\n124 MSF, _Stop Arbitrary Detention of Refugees and Migrants Disembarked in Libya_, 24 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr; Refugees](https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr)\nInternational, _Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya_ [, 15 April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\np. 14; Amnesty International, _Abuses_ _Against_ _Europe-Bound_ _Refugees_ _and_ _Migrants_, 11 December 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 24.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\n125 In the end of August 2018, clashes between rival armed groups in Tripoli put hundreds of refugees and migrants held in government-run\ndetention centres in grave danger; UNHCR, _UNHCR Moves Detained Refugees Out of Harm\u2019s Way in Volatile Libyan Capital_, 30 August\n[2018, https://bit.ly/2MFp2pl; MSF,](https://bit.ly/2MFp2pl) _Conflict in Tripoli Puts Lives in Danger, Demonstrating that Libya Is not a Place of Safety_, 31 August\n2018, [https://bit.ly/2wA66NV; Irish Times,](https://bit.ly/2wA66NV) _Migrants in Libya Detention Centre Say Their Lives Are in Peril_, 28 August 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2Lzrb0r. See also above footnote 34.](https://bit.ly/2Lzrb0r)\n126 UNHCR, _Libya: Activities at Disembarkation_ \uf02d _Monthly Update, August 2018_, 2 September 2018, [https://bit.ly/2PZbkvB; Amnesty](https://bit.ly/2PZbkvB)\nInternational, _Abuses Against Europe-Bound Refugees and Migrants_ [, 11 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\np. 15; UNHCR, _Refugee and Migrant Flows Through Libya on the Rise \u2013 Report_ [, 3 July 2017, https://bit.ly/2tMxb0D.](https://bit.ly/2tMxb0D)\n127 UNHCR/REACH, _Mixed Migration Routes and Dynamics in Libya: The Impact of EU Migration Measures on Mixed Migration in Libya,_\nApril 2018, [https://bit.ly/2NtVmaD, p. 2. \u201c](https://bit.ly/2NtVmaD) _According to one analyst, trafficking gangs with links to Libyan militias in the south can demand_\n_between 1,000 to 1,500 Libyan dinars ($800 to $1,100) to take migrants as far as Tripoli_ . _If migrants are unable to pay, they are handed_\n_over directly to rogue militias who place them in safe houses owned by armed gangs. There the migrants will usually try to call home,_\n_requesting money to pay for their release. If their families are unable to pay, the militias sell them to wealthy Libyans who need cheap labor_\n_on their farms or on construction sites. These African migrants in effect become independent laborers for Libyans who provide them little_\n_in the way of pay or maintenance for the work they do. Some may be passed as slaves among the different militias, while the more fortunate_\n_ones are sold to wealthy Libyans and become employees who can eventually earn enough money to pay to escape the country. Others will_\n_end up in the hands of government-aligned militias who then place them in detention centers awaiting deportation_ \u201d; Jamestown Monitor,\n_Libya\u2019s Rogue Militias Keep the Country from Tackling Human Trafficking_, 26 February 2018, [https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu. See also, ICG,](https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu) _How_\n_Libya\u2019s Fezzan Became Europe\u2019s New Border_ [, 31 July 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/59831c6b4.html, p. 21.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59831c6b4.html)\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violence; abduction for ransom and other forms of extortion; forced labour; and unlawful killing. [128]\nPersons from sub-Saharan countries are reportedly particularly (but not exclusively) targeted. [129] Women\nand girls are reported to be particularly vulnerable to being subjected to rape, forced prostitution and\nother forms of sexual violence. [130]\n\n\n22. Since 2017, Italy and the EU provide assistance to the LCG to increase its capacity to carry out search\n\nand rescue operations and prevent irregular departures on the Central Mediterranean route. [131] As a result\nof increased LGC operations, the number of people crossing from Libya to Italy has reduced\nsignificantly, [132] while out of the total number of people who do still attempt the crossing, the proportion\nof persons intercepted or rescued at sea by the LCG has increased. [133] The increase in interceptions and\nrescue operations conducted by the LCG resulted in greater numbers of persons disembarked (and\ndetained) in Libya. [134] During rescues / interception operations at sea, the LCG have reportedly been\ninvolved in human rights violations against refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants, [135] including the\n\n\n128 UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n36; IOM/UNHCR, _Flash Update \u2013 Zwara Incident_, 16 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2KmAqAF; Mixed Migration Centre,](https://bit.ly/2KmAqAF) _Fraught with Risk_, 11\n[May 2018, https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz, pp. 6, 8, 13-14; Refugees International,](https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz) _Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya_, 15\n[April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html, p. 3; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html) _Libya Must End \u201cOutrageous\u201d Auctions of Enslaved People,_\n_UN Experts Insist_ [, 30 November 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5593324.html; IOM,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5593324.html) _IOM Learns of 'Slave Market' Conditions_\n_Endangering Migrants in North Africa_ [, 4 November 2017, https://bit.ly/2ov79wl.](https://bit.ly/2ov79wl)\n129 Mixed Migration Centre, _Fraught with Risk_ [, 11 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz, p. 11; Lawyers for Justice in Libya,](https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz) _Eliminate Racial_\n_Discrimination in Libya_ [, 21 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2MtFVPn.](https://bit.ly/2MtFVPn)\n130 \u201c _Patterns of sexual violence against migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, perpetrated not only by smugglers, traffickers and criminal_\n_networks, but also by police and guards associated with the Ministry of the Interior in some cases, have been documented. The Department_\n_of Combating Illegal Migration and the coastguard have also been implicated in violations_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _Report of the Secretary-_\n_General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence_, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, para. 47.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html)\n\u201c _Migrant women held in detention centres are at particular risk, as they are often held in cells guarded by male guards, who have full_\n_access to the cells. In addition, several reports indicate that guards \u2018organise\u2019 rapes in the cells, and are involved in sexual exploitation_\n_and trafficking, using detention centres as brothels for forced prostitution. Other cases involve selling detained women as \u2018sex slaves\u2019 and_\n_sexual violence, including rape, perpetrated by individual members of the Coastguard in the context of search and rescue_ \u201d; International\nCentre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), _What Are the Protection Concerns for Migrants and Refugees in Libya?_, November\n[2017, https://bit.ly/2MwD0pv, pp. 5-6. See also, IRC,](https://bit.ly/2MwD0pv) _Pushing the Boundaries_ [, 11 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 13; UN Security](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1)\nCouncil, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 7 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, para. 46; Mixed](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html)\nMigration Centre, _Fraught with Risk_ [, 11 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz, p. 8. Sexual violence has reportedly also been used as a form](https://bit.ly/2uAmZYz)\nof torture against men in unofficial detention centres; UN Security Council, _Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual_\n_Violence_ [, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, para. 47; Oxfam,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html) _\u2018You Aren\u2019t Human Anymore\u2019_ \uf02d\n_Migrants Expose the Harrowing Situation in Libya and the Impact of European Policies_ [, 9 August 2017, https://bit.ly/2AWWzG0, pp. 1,](https://bit.ly/2AWWzG0)\n3.\n131 European Commission, _Central Mediterranean Route: Commission Proposes Action Plan to Support Italy, Reduce Pressure and Increase_\n_Solidarity_ [, 4 July 2017, https://bit.ly/2tnTE1T;](https://bit.ly/2tnTE1T) _Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Fields of Development, the Fight_\n_Against Illegal Immigration, Human Trafficking and Fuel Smuggling and on Reinforcing the Security of Borders Between the State of Libya_\n_and the Italian Republic_ [, 2 February 2017, https://bit.ly/2NrWI5G.](https://bit.ly/2NrWI5G)\n132 The Central Mediterranean Route saw its largest arrival numbers in 2016, with 181,436 migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers arriving to\nItaly by sea. 2017 saw the arrival of 119,369 persons, which marked a 34 per cent decrease from the previous year. Between 1 January and\n31 August 2018, 20,000 persons arrived in Italy by sea. For updated arrival figures, see:\n[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean/location/5205.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean/location/5205)\n133 IRC, _Pushing the Boundaries_, 11 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 15; UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1) _Desperate Journeys January 2017 - March 2018_, April\n[2018, https://bit.ly/2EEqIX9, pp. 4, 9; Refugees International,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/63039) _Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya_, 15 April 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html, p. 8. See also, UN News,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html) _UNHCR Sounds Alarm as Mediterranean Sea Deaths Pass 1,500_\n_Mark_ [, 3 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2Oa0ctS.](https://bit.ly/2Oa0ctS)\n134 Between 1 January and 31 August 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 13,185 people in different locations along\nthe Libyan coast and transferred them to detention centres (an increase of 24.4 per cent compared to the same period in 2017). 552\nindividuals were rescued/intercepted in August 2018, 2,167 in July and 3,453 in June. .Among those disembarked between January and\nAugust 2018, UNHCR identified over 3,200 persons of nationalities that can register with UNHCR in Libya, including from Eritrea, Sudan,\nSomalia, Ethiopia, Palestine and Syria. UNHCR and its partners are present at disembarkation points along the Libyan coast and provide\nlife-saving assistance and undertake protection monitoring to identify persons of concern; UNHCR, _Libya: Activities at Disembarkation,_\n_Monthly Update_, August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2PZbkvB; UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2PZbkvB) _Activities at Disembarkation_, accessed 2 September 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2D6xmXm. As a result of increased interceptions at sea since June 2018, there has reportedly been a sharp increase in the](https://bit.ly/2D6xmXm)\nnumber of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants held in already overcrowded Libyan detention centres; UN Security Council, _United_\n_Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 36; Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\n_Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea_ \uf02d _Europe Fails Refugees and Migrants in the Central Mediterranean,_ 8 August 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6c22694.html, pp. 6, 18; MSF,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6c22694.html) _Stop Arbitrary Detention of Refugees and Migrants Disembarked in Libya_,\n[24 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr.](https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr)\n135 \u201c _LCG officials are also responsible for human rights violations and are known to operate in collusion with smuggling networks. LCG_\n_officials conducting interception operations have used threats and violence against refugees and migrants on board boats in distress that_\n_is the very people they are supposed to rescue, sometimes in order to rob them of their few possessions. They have also caused deaths and_\n_put lives at risk by operating with blatant disregard for basic security protocols and standards_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Abuses Against_\n_Europe-Bound Refugees and Migrants_, 11 December 2017, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 8. In June 2018, Abd Al](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html)\nRahman Al-Milad, the head of the regional coastguard unit in Zawiya was added to the UN Security Council\u2019s sanctions list, as the unit \u201c _is_\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "deliberate sinking of boats using firearms. [136] The LCG have also been accused of colluding with\nsmuggling networks. [137] In parallel, critical activities of non-governmental organization (NGO) rescue\nboats have been increasingly restricted. [138] These developments have led to a higher percentage of people\ndying at sea than before. [139] In the end of June 2018, the Libyan Search-and-Rescue Region (SRR) has\nbeen formalized, indicating that Libya has assumed primary responsibility for search and rescue\ncoordination in an area extending to around 100 miles from some of the primary departure sites. [140] The\ncapacity of the Libyan authorities to effectively and safely conduct and coordinate search and rescue\noperations over such a wide area is reportedly limited, including because of limited vessel and rescue\ncoordination capacity and the lack of reliable communication systems. [141]\n\n\n23. The international community has scaled up efforts to repatriate or evacuate people out of detention since\n\nthe end of 2017. However, these activities can only reach a limited number of the total refugee and\nmigrant population in Libya. [142] Since January 2017, over 30,000 individuals returned to their countries\nof origin through the Voluntary Humanitarian Returns (VHR) programme run by the International\nOrganization for Migration (IOM). [143] The voluntary nature of these returns has been questioned given\nthat the practice of detention often leaves no alternative. [144] However, the critical role of IOM\u2019s ability\nto support returns to their country of origin for stranded migrants is not in question. In November 2017,\nUNHCR initiated an Emergency Transit Mechanism (ETM) to evacuate the most vulnerable persons of\nconcern from Libya. [145] UNHCR and the Libyan Ministry of Interior are committed to opening a new\n\n\n_consistently linked with violence against migrants_ \u201d; UN News Service, _As Security Council Imposes Sanctions on Six Human Traffickers_\n_in Libya, UN Chief Calls for more Accountability_ [, 8 June 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64659e4.html. See also, UN Security](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64659e4.html)\nCouncil, _Report_ _of_ _the_ _Secretary-General_ _on_ _Conflict-Related_ _Sexual_ _Violence_, 23 March 2018, S/2018/250,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html, para. 47; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b29148d7.html) _Libya: Impunity Drives Violence_, 18 January 2018, [https://bit.ly/2ufgSbf;](https://bit.ly/2ufgSbf)\nOHCHR, _Returned_ _Migrants_ _Are_ _Being_ _Robbed,_ _Raped_ _and_ _Murdered_ _in_ _Libya_, 8 September 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5598dd4.html. See also above footnote 130.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b5598dd4.html)\n136 UN Security Council, _Letter_ _Dated_ _1_ _June_ _2017_ _from_ _the_ _Panel_ _of_ _Experts_ _on_ _Libya_, June 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html, paras 104-105.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b641bee4.html)\n137 \u201c _It consists primarily in the LCG allowing boats to depart in exchange for a fee_ \u201d; Amnesty International, _Abuses Against Europe-Bound_\n_Refugees and Migrants_ [, 11 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html, p. 8. See also, Jamestown Monitor,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2fa1cb4.html) _Libya\u2019s_\n_Rogue Militias Keep the Country from Tackling Human Trafficking_, 26 February 2018, [https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu; The Independent,](https://bit.ly/2LTQqeu) _UK-_\n_Supported Libyan Forces \u2018Taking Bribes to Free Detained Migrants\u2019 after Pushing Boats Back to Shore_, 25 October 2017,\n[https://ind.pn/2un8fve.](https://ind.pn/2un8fve)\n138 Amnesty International, _Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea_ \uf02d _Europe Fails Refugees and Migrants in the Central Mediterranean,_ 8\nAugust 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6c22694.html, pp. 7-16; MSF,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6c22694.html) _Drownings Skyrocket as European Governments Block_\n_Humanitarian Assistance_ [, 12 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2NEMJuV.](https://bit.ly/2NEMJuV)\n139 \u201c _Already this year, more than 1,500 people have drowned or gone missing on the Mediterranean. On the Central Mediterranean route in_\n_particular, the rate of lives being lost has increased threefold, and now stands at one death for every 17 people who attempt to cross_\n_compared to one in 43 during the same period last year_ \u201d; UNHCR, _UNHCR Welcomes Aquarius Resolution, but Stresses Need for more_\n_Predictable Approach to Disembarkation_ [, 15 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2Oychth. \u201c](https://bit.ly/2Oychth) _UNHCR is especially concerned about the impact of a_\n_more limited search and rescue capacity if boats are discouraged from responding to distress calls through fear of being denied permission_\n_to disembark people rescued. NGOs in particular have voiced their concerns at restrictions being placed on their abilities to conduct search_\n_and rescue as a result of limitations on their movements and the threat of potential legal actions_ \u201d; UNHCR, _As Mediterranean Sea Arrivals_\n_Decline and Death Rates Rise, UNHCR Calls for Strengthening of Search and Rescue_ [, 6 July 2018, http://unhcr.org/5b3f270a4. See also,](http://unhcr.org/5b3f270a4)\nIOM, _Missing Migrants_ [, accessed 3 September 2018, http://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/mediterranean.](http://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/mediterranean)\n140 Euronews, _Prompted by EU, Libya Quietly Claims Right to Order Rescuers to Return Fleeing Migrants_, 6 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2ukI5dr;](https://bit.ly/2ukI5dr)\nVita (in Italian), _La Libia Ha Dichiarato la Sua Zona SAR: Lo Conferma l\u2019IMO_ [, 28 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2KQQijT.](https://bit.ly/2KQQijT)\n141 Libya is yet to set up a maritime rescue coordination centre (MRCC), which is expected to be operational in 2020; HRW, _EU/Italy/Libya:_\n_Disputes Over Rescues Put Lives at Risk_, 25 July 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b646a9f4.html. See also, The Independent,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b646a9f4.html) _Libya's_\n_Coastguard Says It Has Intercepted more than 570 Refugees Bound for Europe_, 2 August 2018, [https://ind.pn/2OD25jS; European Council](https://ind.pn/2OD25jS)\non Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), _Italy Pushes ahead with \u201cSalvini Plan\u201d to Bolster Libyan Coast Guard in Fight Against \u201cIllegal_\n_Migration_ [\u201d, 6 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2NMWPtD; Deutsche Welle,](https://bit.ly/2NMWPtD) _Italy Gives Libya Ships, Equipment as more Migrants Reported Lost_,\n[3 July 2018, https://p.dw.com/p/30i96.](https://p.dw.com/p/30i96)\n\n142 Tensions inside detention centres are increasing as refugees and migrants are frustrated with the lack of solutions; UNHCR information,\nAugust 2018. See also above footnote 122.\n\n143 Including 19,370 in 2017 and 10,950 between January and July 2018; IOM, _IOM Voluntary Humanitarian Returns Continue in Libya as_\n_Number of Detained Migrants Soars_, 10 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2KIkUyT; IOM,](https://bit.ly/2KIkUyT) _Voluntary Humanitarian Return Flights Resume_\n_January 1 as UN Migration Agency Continues Efforts to Assist Migrants in Libya_ [, 3 January 2018, https://bit.ly/2FcZdpl.](https://bit.ly/2FcZdpl)\n144 MSF, _Stop Arbitrary Detention of Refugees and Migrants Disembarked in Libya_, 24 July 2018, [https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr; Refugees](https://bit.ly/2LmjbVr)\nInternational, _Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya_ [, 15 April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c5ce4.html)\npp. 16-17.\n145 Between November 2017 and 31 August 2018, UNHCR evacuated 1,858 individuals from Libya (1,536 to Niger, 312 to Italy and 10 to\nRomania). These evacuations allow for the transfer of vulnerable individuals from detention centres in Libya to a safe and dignified\nenvironment while their cases are processed for solutions such as resettlement or family reunification. In September 2017, UNHCR called\nfor 40,000 resettlement places to be made available for refugees located in 15 countries along the Central Mediterranean route. As of 13\nAugust 2018, 12 States (Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the\nUnited Kingdom) have committed 3,886 resettlement places for the Libya-Niger situation. Out of these pledges, 1,090 will be used for\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Gathering and Departure Facility (GDF), which would speed up the process of securing solutions in\nthird countries and provide a critical alternative to detention for persons of concern to UNHCR while\ntheir cases are processed. [146] UNHCR has observed an increase in the number of asylum-seekers\nregistered with UNHCR in Libya who are trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea, reportedly due to the\nlack of solutions in the country. [147]\n\n\n_**Internal and External Displacement**_\n24. Libya reportedly has one of the highest per capita displacement levels in Africa [148] and internal\n\ndisplacement has reportedly become \u201c _a permanent feature of life for many in Libya_ \u201d. [149] In mid-2014,\nas violence in Libya escalated, an estimated 400,000 people became internally displaced. [150] Although\nmany have returned since, [151] others have become newly displaced due to periodic escalations of armed\nconflict. [152] As of June 2018, over 192,500 persons remained displaced, [153] over 50 per cent of whom are\nchildren. [154] The main drivers for displacement are reported to be armed conflict, human rights\nviolations, and persecution based on perceived political affiliation. [155]\n\n\n25. The provision of assistance and protection to IDPs is reported to be inadequate as a result of gaps in\n\nstate capacity, lack of sustained and regular humanitarian access, limited coordination mechanisms and\na lack of international support. [156] Many IDPs currently have no prospect of returning home as a result\nof ongoing conflict or insecurity, destruction or damage to homes and basic infrastructure,\ncontamination with explosive remnants of war, as well as due to fear of being subjected to human rights\n\n\nresettlement processing directly out of Libya, while the remainder will be allocated to evacuees from Libya and refugees registered in Niger.\nSince 1 September 2017, 797 individuals were submitted for resettlement to eight States (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands,\nNorway, Sweden and Switzerland). A total of 70 individuals departed on resettlement directly from Libya to Canada, France, Sweden and\nthe Netherlands; UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash Update Libya (17 - 24 August 2018)_, 24 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9; UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9) _Central_\n_Mediterranean_ _Situation:_ _UNHCR_ _Calls_ _for_ _an_ _Additional_ _40,000_ _Resettlement_ _Places_, 11 September 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/59b7ee104.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59b7ee104.html)\n146 UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash Update Libya (17 - 24 August 2018)_ [, 24 August 2018, https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9. At the time of writing, no opening](https://bit.ly/2NxY9A9)\ndate has yet been set.\n147 UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash Update Libya (28 June \u2013 6 July 2018)_ [, 6 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2J3tUxX.](https://bit.ly/2J3tUxX)\n148 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), _2017 Africa Report on Internal Displacement_, 6 December 2017, [https://bit.ly/2HSgplf,](https://bit.ly/2HSgplf)\np. 21. An estimated two to three per cent of the population are internally displaced; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur_\n_on the Human Rights of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, p. 1.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n149 UN General Assembly, _Report_ _of_ _the_ _Special_ _Rapporteur_ _on_ _the_ _Human_ _Rights_ _of_ _IDPs_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, p. 1. Many IDPs have reportedly been displaced multiple times since 2011; IOM,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _DTM_\n_Libya | IDP & Returnee Report, Round 20 | May - June 2018_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) (hereafter: IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP &_\n_Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx), p. 10.](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx)\n150 Equivalent to 6 to 7 per cent of the country\u2019s population; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of_\n_IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 6.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n151 Between early 2016 and June 2018, over 372,000 IDPs returned to their home communities; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_,\n[30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 3. See also, OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2ugDPux, pp. 5, 13.](https://bit.ly/2ugDPux)\n152 \u201c _Periodic, but increasingly frequent, escalation of armed conflict resulted in displacement_ (\u2026)\u201d; UN Security Council, _United Nations_\n_Support Mission in Libya_ [, 24 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, para. 63. In late August 2018, at least 9,200](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\nindividuals have been displaced due to escalating fighting from affected neighbourhoods in Southern Tripoli; IOM, _DTM Libya - Tripoli_\n_Flash Update (01 September 2018)_ [, 1 September 2018, https://bit.ly/2Q1zOnV. In May-June 2018, fighting between tribal armed groups](https://bit.ly/2Q1zOnV)\nin the South reportedly resulted in the displacement of over 3,000 persons; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_, 30 June 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 4. In the same period, over 19,000 persons were displaced as a result of clashes in Derna; IOM,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Derna Flash_\n_Update #4_ [, 14 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2KKHyvE. In 2017, more than 20,000 people were newly displaced; OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2KKHyvE) _Libya HNO 2018_, 1\n[March 2018, https://bit.ly/2ugDPux, pp. 5, 13.](https://bit.ly/2ugDPux)\n153 The highest reported presence of IDPs is in Benghazi (29,790 individuals) and Sebha (22,955 individuals); IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP &_\n_Returnee Report_, 30 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, pp. 3, 6. \u201c(\u2026)](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _the actual total number of those affected by internal displacement is_\n_difficult to estimate, as many internally displaced persons seek anonymity due to fears for their safety and security, and some leave the_\n_country to_ _find safety and protection elsewhere_ \u201d; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs_,\n[10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 26.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n154 _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 11.](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx)\n155 The majority of IDPs, 84 per cent, were displaced due to threat/fear from general conflict and armed group presence; 14 per cent were\nmainly displaced due to other security-related issues, and the remaining 2 per cent were displaced due to economic factors; IOM, _DTM_\n_Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, pp. 3, 9. \u201c](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Internal displacement in Libya is characterized by a_\n_combination of major displacement movements due to armed conflict as well as urban-to-urban and multiple displacement of individuals_\n_and families from different localities due to human rights violations and persecution based on perceived political and ideological_\n_affiliations_ \u201d; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 26. See also, UNHCR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Libya: Protection_ \uf02d _Situation Overview January - February_\n_2018_ [, 15 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb.](https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb)\n156 OHCHR, _End of Mission Statement by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs, Ms. Cecilia Jimenez-Damary,_\n_upon Conclusion of Her Official Visit to Libya_ \uf02d _25 to 31 January 2018_, 2 February 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55ba1bd.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55ba1bd.html)\nOn the humanitarian conditions for IDPs, see \u201c _Humanitarian Situation_ \u201d.\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violations by armed groups present in their areas of origin. [157] Return communities, armed groups and\nlocal authorities are reportedly also preventing IDPs from returning on account of their (perceived)\npolitical opinion or affiliation with \u201cterrorist\u201d groups or the former Gaddafi government. [158]\n\n26. An increasing number of Libyans, including IDPs, are reportedly seeking to leave the country. [159]\n\n\n_**Humanitarian Situation**_\n27. The ongoing conflict and political impasse have reportedly led to a further deterioration of the\n\nhumanitarian conditions across all sectors in Libya. [160] As of March 2018, 1.1 million people were\nestimated to be in need of life-saving humanitarian assistance and protection, including 378,000 children\nand 307,000 women of reproductive age. [161] The humanitarian response remains poorly funded, further\nundermining critical access to and availability of basic services to people in need. [162] Areas of ongoing\nconflict [163] as well as areas with disrupted and poor economic and livelihoods opportunities with large\nnumbers of returnees, IDPs, migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers are reported to be among those with\nthe most severe needs across multiple sectors. [164] The highly volatile security and political situation\nhampers sustained humanitarian access, [165] leaving the most vulnerable communities, [166] in particular\nIDPs, asylum-seekers, refugees and migrants, with unmet urgent needs. [167]\n\n\n157 According to IOM\u2019s DTM, in 69 per cent of municipalities, IDPs were reported to be unable to return due to fear of ongoing conflict and\narmed group presence; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_, 30 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 9. See also, UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx)\n_Internally Displaced Persons from Benghazi_ [, March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html, p. 2; UN General Assembly,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html)\n_Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, paras 38,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n50, 53.\n158 See above para. 13.\n159 Reasons for leaving reportedly include growing insecurity, including terrorist threats and kidnappings; lack of basic services and job\nopportunities; medical reasons and impossibility to receive treatment in Libya; and family reunification in Europe; UNHCR, _Libya:_\n_Protection_ \uf02d _Situation Overview January - February 2018_, 15 March 2018, [https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb. See also, Refugees Deeply,](https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb) _Why Libyans_\n_Are Turning to Smugglers to Escape_ [, 5 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2KSfMJv; UN General Assembly,](https://bit.ly/2KSfMJv) _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the_\n_Human Rights of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, p. 1 and para. 41.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html)\n160 According to the UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Libya, Maria Ribeiro, \u201c _Libya continues to suffer from the impact of a protracted political_\n_crisis, which leads to outbreaks of violence, displacement and a general worsening of people\u2019s living conditions. Availability and_\n_affordability of food, fuel, water and sanitation, electricity and medical supplies have decreased and the provision of health care and public_\n_services continues to decline, thus exacerbating the humanitarian situation over the past year_ \u201d; OCHA, _2018 Libya Humanitarian Response_\n_Plan (January - December 2018)_, [1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html, p. 4. See also, UN Security Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html)\n_United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 24 August 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html, paras 63, 84; World Food](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d31bc4.html)\nProgramme (WFP), _WFP Libya Country Brief, June 2018_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2McvTT0, p. 1.](https://bit.ly/2McvTT0)\n161 UNICEF, _Libya Humanitarian Situation Report Mid-Year 2018,_ [27 July 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ac2124.html, pp. 1, 2;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ac2124.html)\nOCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 5.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n162 As at 31 August 2018, according to the UN Financial Tracking Service (FTS), the Libya 2018 Humanitarian Response Plan faces a funding\ngap of 77.5 per cent (US$ 242.4 million) of unmet requirements; FTS, _Response Plan/Appeal Snapshot for 2018_, accessed 3 September\n[2018, https://bit.ly/2uhhVZd.](https://bit.ly/2uhhVZd)\n163 For example, in May 2018, the escalation of fighting amid siege-like conditions in Derna reportedly led to drastically deterioration of the\nhumanitarian situation, with reports of critical shortages of food, water and medicine: Amnesty International, _Libya Protect Civilians under_\n_Siege in Derna_ [, 11 June 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6428ad4.html; OCHA,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6428ad4.html) _Libya | Derna Flash Update #7_, 11 June 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2zDqEtR;](https://bit.ly/2zDqEtR) OHCHR, _Press_ _Briefing_ _Note_ _on_ _Libya_ _\u2013_ _Escalating_ _Risks_, 8 June 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559f0d4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559f0d4.html)\n164 Six \u201c _mantikas_ \u201d (regions) were identified as being most severely affected: Sirte, Ghat, Derna, Benghazi, Aljfara and Zwara; OCHA, _Libya_\n_HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp. 28-30. See also, REACH,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Key Challenges and Coping_\n_Mechanisms_ [, December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, p. 25.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n165 OCHA, _Middle East and North Africa: Annual Access Snapshot, January_ _- December 2017_, 28 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ac3e04.html; OCHA,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6ac3e04.html) _2018 Libya Humanitarian Response Plan (January - December 2018)_, 1 March\n2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html, p. 19; OHCHR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html) _End of Mission Statement by the United Nations Special Rapporteur_\n_on the Human Rights of IDPs, Ms. Cecilia Jimenez-Damary, upon Conclusion of Her Official Visit to Libya_ \uf02d _25 to 31 January 2018_, 2\n[February 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55ba1bd.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55ba1bd.html)\n166 Humanitarian partners have identified the following population groups as being most in need of humanitarian assistance: people living in\nconflict-affected areas, or in areas contaminated with explosive hazards, or in hard-to-reach areas; migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers,\nincluding those in detention centres; persons with chronic diseases, disabilities, or mental health issues; IDPs living in rented\naccommodation and collective centres; returnees (during first three months of return); over-burdened host communities; pregnant women;\nfemale-headed households; children, youth; OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n31-34.\n167 \u201c _Internally displaced people, refugees and migrants, as well as returnees and non-displaced Libyans in the worst affected areas are_\n_assessed as in most need of humanitarian assistance_ \u201d; OCHA, _Libya_ [, accessed 3 September 2018, https://bit.ly/2mcK3rQ. See also, UN](https://bit.ly/2mcK3rQ.%20See)\nGeneral Assembly, _Report_ _of_ _the_ _Special_ _Rapporteur_ _on_ _the_ _Human_ _Rights_ _of_ _IDPs_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) paras 18-24; OCHA, _Libya_ _HNO_ _2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp. 13-14. Many IDPs have reportedly lost or left behind their personal documentation](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\nneeded in order to access services, assistance and employment. However, for security and other reasons, they may not be able to return to\ntheir place of origin in order to re-issue identity documents; UN General Assembly, _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights_\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "28. **Food security** : As of March 2018, 175,000 people were reported to be in need of food assistance. [168]\n\nNegative coping strategies such as cutting the number of daily meals and reducing non-food related\nexpenses such as health and education are reported to be prevalent. [169] Due to limited port access and\nroad blockages, food imports into Libya have reportedly diminished, causing food prices to rise\nsteeply. [170]\n\n29. **Livelihoods** : Despite relative improvements in Libya\u2019s Gross Domestic Product since early 2018, [171] the\n\noverall economic situation reportedly continues to deteriorate with people reported to have less income\nwhile the cost of living has increased substantially. [172] Living conditions are reported to be worsening\ndue to the weak provision of basic services and rising commodity prices. [173] According to reports,\nvulnerable persons are increasingly compelled to reduce expenditures on food, education and\nhealthcare. [174]\n\n30. **Health** : The health care system is reported to have deteriorated to the point of collapse. [175] A number of\n\nhealth care facilities have reportedly been closed, particularly in conflict-affected areas. [176] Armed\ngroups are reported to attack medical personnel and facilities, and to interfere with and disrupt their\nwork. [177] While medical needs, particularly conflict-related injuries, reportedly continue to rise, there is\na shortage of medicines, medical supplies and equipment along with a critical shortage of specialized\nand skilled staff. [178] Pregnant women and persons with chronic diseases, disabilities and mental health\n\n\n_of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 29. See also, Reuters,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Benghazi's Displaced: A Litmus Test_\n_for Libya_, 17 May 2018, [https://reut.rs/2wQCdwg; UNHCR,](https://reut.rs/2wQCdwg) _Internally Displaced Persons from Benghazi_, March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html, p. 1.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6abebf4.html)\n168 Those considered to be most vulnerable to food insecurity include IDPs, returnees and refugees, and in particular unemployed femaleheaded households; WFP, _WFP Libya Country Brief, June 2018_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2McvTT0, p. 1.](https://bit.ly/2McvTT0)\n169 WFP, _WFP Libya Country Brief, June 2018_, 30 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2McvTT0, p. 1; OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2McvTT0) _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 22; REACH,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_, December 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 2, 15.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n170 The prices of many staple food items (e.g. rice and wheat flour) have reportedly increased by as much as 200 per cent when compared to\npre-conflict levels; _WFP Libya Country Brief, June 2018_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2McvTT0, p. 1. In May-June 2018, in 95 out of 100](https://bit.ly/2McvTT0)\nmunicipalities, food was assessed to be too expensive for IDPs; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_, 30 June 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 20.](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx)\n171 There has reportedly been a relative improvement in macroeconomic stability due to higher international oil prices, but this has been offset\nby reports of gross mismanagement of public funds; UN Security Council, _United Nations Support Mission in Libya_, 7 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html, paras 20-24. See also, WFP,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c65d64.html) _Libya: Safety Nets Alert Platform (SNAP) Country_\n_Dashboard \u2013 May 2018_, 31 May 2018, [https://bit.ly/2uoumkW; REACH,](https://bit.ly/2uoumkW) _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_, December 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, p. 3.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n172 \u201c _The economic situation continues to deteriorate: inflation, the devaluation of the Libyan dinar on the black market, and cash shortages_\n_have all led to reduced purchasing power of the Libyan population_ \uf02d _especially those already affected by the conflict, further deepening_\n_vulnerabilities_ \u201d; OCHA, _2018_ _Libya_ _Humanitarian_ _Response_ _Plan_ _(January_ _-_ _December_ _2018)_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html, p. 6.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644a484.html)\n173 OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp. 19-21; Atlantic Council,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Libya's Constitution_\n_is the Minimum Requirement for Elections_ [, 1 February 2018, https://bit.ly/2EAu0g1; REACH,](https://bit.ly/2EAu0g1) _Key Challenges and Coping Mechanisms_,\n[December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 1, 13, 14.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n174 WFP, _WFP Libya: Country Brief_, April 2018, [https://bit.ly/2yO4rsh, p. 1; OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2yO4rsh) _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 21; REACH,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Healthcare and Housing_,\n[December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 2, 15.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n175 \u201c _The public health system has deteriorated_ \uf02d _almost 75% of health facilities are closed or are only partially functioning_ \u201d _;_ Safeguarding,\n_Violence on the Front Line: Attacks on Health Care in 2017_ [, 21 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2KEfp4Y,](https://bit.ly/2KEfp4Y) p. 31. See also, OCHA, _Libya HNO_\n_2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 15-16;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) HRW, _Libya: Displaced Benghazi Families Prevented_\n_From Return_, 1 February 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html; UNICEF,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a8eb100a.html) _Libya: Humanitarian Situation Report 2017_, 22\n[January 2018, https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7.](https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7)\n176 According to a survey conducted by WHO and the Libyan Ministry of Health, 17 out of 97 hospitals are closed and only four hospitals are\nfunctional between 75-80 per cent of their capacity. In addition, over 20 per cent of primary health care facilities are closed and the\nremainder are not suitable to provide services; WHO, _2017 Review of Health Sector in Libya_, 31 December 2017,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644bd84.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644bd84.html) p. 1. See also, OCHA, _Libya_ _HNO_ _2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 15.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n177 IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx. See also, OHCHR,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Libya: Health-Care under Attack_,\n22 May 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html; Safeguarding,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b559c944.html) _Violence on the Front Line: Attacks on Health Care in 2017_,\n[21 May 2018, https://bit.ly/2KEfp4Y, p. 31; OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2KEfp4Y) _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n7. See also above para. 8.\n178 In May-June 2018, 94 per cent of the municipalities, access to medicines was reported to be irregular; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee_\n_Report_, 30 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 18. See also, Reuters,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Libyan Cancer Clinic Relies on Donors to Treat Patients_, 6 August\n2018, [https://reut.rs/2vCxrhY; OCHA,](https://reut.rs/2vCxrhY) _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, pp. 16, 43;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\nUNICEF, _Libya: Humanitarian Situation Report 2017_ [, 22 January 2018, https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7.](https://uni.cf/2n1Aoo7)\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Food security", - "confidence": 0.8087725043296814, - "start": 4, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9937232136726379, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7649270296096802, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable persons", - "confidence": 0.8563542366027832, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6572274565696716, - "start": 1006, - "end": 1007 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8084520101547241, - "start": 1006, - "end": 1007 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.6158195734024048, - "start": 1009, - "end": 1010 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya_", - "confidence": 0.9913201928138733, - "start": 1070, - "end": 1071 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017_", - "confidence": 0.7998061776161194, - "start": 933, - "end": 934 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "issues are reported to be particularly vulnerable in light of the limited capacity of health services. [179]\nAccess to health care by IDPs, returnees, refugees and migrants [180] reportedly remains limited. [181] Drug\nand alcohol abuse has reportedly been on the rise since the beginning of the conflict. [182]\n\n\n31. **Shelter** : Housing and infrastructure, particularly in coastal areas, have reportedly seen high levels of\n\ndestruction as a result of waves of conflict since 2011. [183] As a result, thousands of people, mostly IDPs,\nare reported to live in substandard conditions in damaged and/or unfinished buildings. [184] Asylumseekers, refugees and migrants are reported to have particular difficulty in accessing adequate shelter\ndue to their irregular situation in Libya. [185]\n\n\n32. **Education** : Although overall school attendance is reported to be on the rise, problems persist including\n\nas a result of damage to and/or destruction of schools. [186] Instances of kidnappings and other attacks by\narmed groups against children, teaching personnel and schools have been reported. [187] In light of the\neconomic situation, unaffordability of educational services is reported to be a barrier to education,\nparticularly for IDPs. [188]\n\n\n33. **Water, Sanitation, Fuel and Electricity** : Public services have reportedly been disrupted and\n\ninfrastructure has deteriorated, severely impacting access to health services, electricity, fuel, sanitation\nand clean water. [189] The UN has expressed concern over the potential collapse of the water system in\n\n\n179 For example, mental health and family planning services are reported to be entirely unavailable in the South and available in only one per\ncent of all health facilities in other parts of Libya; OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\npp. 7, 33, 34.\n180 \u201c _Without legal documents validating their status migrants and refugees are often excluded from social security mechanisms and denied_\n_access to basic services. Migrants and refugees in Libya suffer from very limited access to primary medical care, mental health care and_\n_emergency medical intervention, including clinical management of Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) survivors_ \u201d; OCHA, _Libya_\n_HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 43. \u201c](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Migrants found to have a communicable disease (e.g._\n_tuberculosis) are detained. This means most migrants are reluctant to use public health services for fear of being sent to detention centres_ \u201d;\nIRC, _Pushing the Boundaries_ [, 11 July 2018, https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1, p. 12. See also, UNHCR,](https://bit.ly/2vrnPY1) _UNHCR Libya Fact Sheet (April 2018)_, 13\nApril 2018, [https://bit.ly/2Kg8SBP, p. 3; REACH,](https://bit.ly/2Kg8SBP) _Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Healthcare and Housing_, December 2017,\n[https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 1, 21-24.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n181 OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 43; WHO,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _2017 Review of Health Sector in_\n_Libya_ [, 31 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644bd84.html,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b644bd84.html) p. 1.\n182 WHO, _Who Is where, when, Doing what (4WS) in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support_ [, 2017, https://bit.ly/2AE2Iqs, p. 19.](https://bit.ly/2AE2Iqs)\n183 For example in the city of Sirte, over 2,500 houses remain reportedly destroyed as a result of conflict in 2016; UNHCR, _UNHCR Flash_\n_Update Libya (3 - 9 August 2018)_, 9 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2NAhHnA. Three central districts of Sirte (Campo, Giza, and Sirte 3)](https://bit.ly/2NAhHnA)\nreportedly remain empty of inhabitants as a result of large-scale destruction; IRIN, _In Libya, a City once Run by Islamic State Struggles to_\n_Start again_ [, 21 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87f0154.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b87f0154.html)\n184 While the majority of IDPs live in private accommodation, 16 per cent live in public or informal shelter settings; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP_\n_& Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, p. 12. See also, UN General Assembly,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx) _Report of the Special Rapporteur on the_\n_Human Rights of IDPs_ [, 10 May 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, para. 36; REACH,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access_\n_to Resources, Healthcare and Housing_ [, December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, p. 2.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n185 UN General Assembly, _Report_ _of_ _the_ _Special_ _Rapporteur_ _on_ _the_ _Human_ _Rights_ _of_ _IDPs_, 10 May 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html, paras 35-36; UNHCR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b4c60664.html) _Libya: Protection_ \uf02d _Situation Overview, January-February 2018_,\n[29 March 2018, https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb; OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2Hzfaeb) _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 44;](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\nREACH, _Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Healthcare and Housing_ [, December 2017, https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K, pp. 1, 18-21.](https://bit.ly/2KfgC6K)\n186 A total of 489 schools have reportedly been affected by the crisis, of which 40 had been fully destroyed while 26 were accommodating\nIDPs. This affects an estimated 244,500 Libyan students in addition to 160,178 refugee and migrant students; OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1\n[March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 41. According to IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), 97 per](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\ncent of municipalities reported that the majority of students were attending schools. The remaining three per cent reported irregular\nattendance in Derna, Ubari, Janzour and Hrawa; IOM, _DTM Libya \u2013_ _IDP & Returnee Report_ [, 30 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx, pp. 4,](https://bit.ly/2vm58Vx)\n17.\n187 According to Libyan Education Minister, Osman Abdel Jalil, \u201c[S] _ome schools have stopped operating altogether and others are in a very_\n_bad condition. A rising pitch of violence in those areas makes continuing the educational process impossible. Going to work for the teachers_\n_and attending classes for the students is a heroic mission_ \u201d; Their World, _Libyans Shocked as Bodies of Children Kidnapped on Their Way_\n_to School are Found_, 9 April 2018, [https://bit.ly/2K03T80. See also, OCHA,](https://bit.ly/2K03T80) _Protection of Women and Children Snapshot_, 28 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html. See also above paras 8 and 11.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6449314.html)\n188 OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 41; Agency for Technical Cooperation and](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\nDevelopment (ACTED), _Multi-Sector Needs Assessment in Selected IDP Camps and Informal Settlements, Benghazi Libya_, January 2018,\n[https://bit.ly/2tFt70m, pp. 4, 5.](https://bit.ly/2tFt70m)\n189 \u201c _Six years after the crisis erupted, assessments show that only 64 per cent of the affected population have access to adequate drinking water_\n_sources. The frequent electricity cuts [\u2026] continue to affect water and sanitation facilities, and lack of maintenance and spare parts are_\n_the main drivers for inadequate access to water and sanitation services_ \u201d; OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_, 1 March 2018,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 45. See also pp. 5, 8, 14 and 15 of the same report. See also, ICRC,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html) _Libya: Hospitals_\n_Suffering from Shortages; Public Infrastructure Collapsing_ [, 24 August 2017, https://bit.ly/2w3j87G.](https://bit.ly/2w3j87G)\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9733384847640991, - "start": 994, - "end": 997 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9583548307418823, - "start": 998, - "end": 999 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9862218499183655, - "start": 991, - "end": 992 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9607218503952026, - "start": 1039, - "end": 1040 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018_", - "confidence": 0.9151200652122498, - "start": 977, - "end": 978 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant students", - "confidence": 0.5474094152450562, - "start": 968, - "end": 972 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "case essential maintenance is not performed. [190] Frequent electricity cuts on most days reportedly remain\na challenge for many households. [191]\n\n\n_**Access to Territory and International Protection**_\n34. As the situation in Libya remains fluid and uncertain, UNHCR calls on all countries to allow civilians\n\n(Libyan nationals, former habitual residents of Libya and third-country nationals) fleeing Libya access\nto their territories.\n\n\n35. All claims of nationals and habitual residents of Libya seeking international protection should be\n\nprocessed in fair and efficient procedures in accordance with international and regional refugee law. [192]\nFor individuals whose claim had been rejected previous to recent events, the current situation may,\ndepending on the individual circumstances of the claim, give rise to changed circumstances, which need\nto be considered if a new asylum claim is submitted. UNHCR considers that persons having been directly\naffected by developments since 2011 may be at a particular risk of persecution or other forms of serious\nharm, including, _inter alia_, individuals opposing or perceived to be opposing a party to the conflict;\ngovernment officials and politicians; members of the judiciary and law enforcement; members of certain\nminority religious, ethnic or tribal groups; individuals perceived to be violating \u201cpublic morals\u201d; media\nprofessionals; human rights defenders and civil society activists; medical professionals; humanitarian\nworkers; women engaged in the public sphere; individuals of (real or perceived) diverse sexual\norientations and/or gender identities; and members of tribes/families or individuals perceived to be in\nsupport of the former Gaddafi regime. [193] Persons with these and other profiles may be in need of\ninternational refugee protection in accordance with the 1951 Convention, for reason of real or imputed\npolitical opinion, or for reasons related to other 1951 Convention grounds. Claims need to be considered\non an individual basis, carefully taking into account the particular circumstances of each case.\nFurthermore, UNHCR considers that persons fleeing Libya may be in need of international refugee\nprotection in accordance with Article 1(2) of the 1969 OAU Convention, or, in countries of asylum\noutside the African Union and in cases where the 1951 Convention criteria are found not to apply in the\nindividual case, may meet the criteria for complementary forms of protection. [194]\n\n\n36. There may be individuals who have been associated with acts that bring them within the scope of the\n\nexclusion clauses contained in Article 1F of the 1951 Convention. [195] In such cases, it will be necessary\nto examine carefully any issues of individual responsibility for crimes which may give rise to exclusion\nfrom international refugee protection. In addition, to preserve the civilian character of asylum, States\nwould need to assess the situation of arrivals carefully so as to identify armed elements and separate them\nfrom the civilian refugee population. [196]\n\n\n_**UNHCR Position on Returns**_\n37. UNHCR commends any measure taken by States to suspend forcible returns of nationals or habitual\n\nresidents of Libya, including those who have had their asylum claim rejected. UNHCR urges all States\nto suspend forcible returns to Libya until the security and human rights situation has improved\nconsiderably. Given the volatility of the situation, the fragmentation of control and the plethora of armed\ngroups, UNHCR considers that in the current circumstances the relevance and reasonableness criteria\n\n\n190 OCHA, _Libya HNO 2018_ [, 1 March 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html, p. 45.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b6429ad4.html)\n191 Ibid., pp. 17, 45. See also, Reuters, _Rolling Summer Blackouts Weigh on Libya's Struggling Traders_, 17 August 2018,\n[https://reut.rs/2wbeLGq; Al Jazeera,](https://reut.rs/2wbeLGq) _Power Outages Short-Circuit Libya's Economy_, 11 August 2018, [https://bit.ly/2PlsJh0;](https://bit.ly/2PlsJh0) REACH,\n_Libya; 2017 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment_ [, September 2017, https://bit.ly/2Klh2Vm, p. 2.](https://bit.ly/2Klh2Vm)\n192 Applicable frameworks include that of the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol; the EU Qualification Directive [European\nUnion, _Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals_\n_or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary_\n_protection, and for the content of the protection granted (recast) (\u201cQualification Directive\u201d)_, 13 December 2011,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f06fa5e2.html]; or other applicable regional frameworks, including the 1969 OAU Convention and the](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f06fa5e2.html)\nCartagena Declaration [ _Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, Colloquium on the International Protection of Refugees in Central America,_\n_Mexico and Panama_ [, 22 November 1984, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html].](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html)\n193 See above \u201c _Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law_ \u201d.\n194 In the context of human rights obligations, or of applicable regional frameworks, such as the EU Qualification Directive.\n195 UNHCR, _Guidelines on International Protection No. 5: Application of the Exclusion Clauses: Article 1F of the 1951 Convention Relating_\n_to the Status of Refugees_ [, 4 September 2003, CR/GIP/03/05, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f5857684.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f5857684.html)\n196 See UNHCR, _Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum_, September 2006,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/452b9bca2.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/452b9bca2.html)\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "for an internal flight or relocation alternative are unlikely to be met. [197] Suspension of forcible returns of\nnationals and habitual residents to Libya serves as a minimum standard and should not replace\ninternational refugee protection for persons found to meet the criteria for refugee status under the 1951\nConvention and the 1969 OAU Convention. This advice is valid until such time as the security and\nhuman rights situation in Libya has improved sufficiently to permit a safe and dignified return.\n\n\n_**International Protection Needs of Third-Country Nationals Departing from/through Libya**_\n38. Among those who have found themselves compelled to leave Libya, including by sea, are third-country\n\nnationals, including persons who were recognized as refugees or registered as asylum-seekers in Libya\nby UNHCR, or persons transiting through Libya who have been registered with or recognized as\nrefugees in other countries where they resided before reaching Libya (by UNHCR or in state asylum\nprocedures), as well as other persons in need of international protection.\n\n\n39. The situation in which a state exercises jurisdiction over people as a result of interception or rescue at\n\nsea requires respect for the principle of non-refoulement. UNHCR urges states to refrain from returning\nto Libya any third-country nationals intercepted or rescued at sea and to ensure that those in need of\ninternational protection are able to access fair and effective asylum procedures upon disembarkation. [198]\n\n\n40. Upon arrival in a country of asylum, third-country nationals seeking or otherwise indicating a possible\n\nneed for international protection should be referred to national asylum procedures, for consideration of\ntheir applications for international refugee protection. [199]\n\n\n_**Designation of Libya as Safe Third Country**_\n41. UNHCR does not consider it appropriate for States to designate or apply in practice a designation of\n\nLibya as a so-called \u201csafe third country\u201d. The designation of a country as a \u201csafe third country\u201d may\nresult in a request for international protection not being considered on its merits but declared\ninadmissible, or processed in an accelerated procedure with reduced procedural safeguards. Even before\nthe current unrest and insecurity, UNHCR considered that Libya should not be regarded as a safe third\ncountry in light of the absence of a functioning asylum system, the widely reported difficulties and\nabuses faced by asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, the absence of protection from such abuses and\nthe lack of durable solutions. [200] UNHCR calls on States not to channel applications for international\nprotection from third-country nationals into an accelerated procedure or declare them inadmissible,\nmerely on the basis of the fact that they previously resided in or transited through Libya.\n\n\n197 The decision-maker bears the burden of proof of establishing that an analysis of relocation is relevant to the particular case. If considered\nrelevant, it is up to the party asserting this to identify the proposed area of relocation and provide evidence establishing that it is a reasonable\nalternative for the individual concerned. See: UNHCR, _Guidelines on International Protection No. 4: Internal Flight or Relocation_\n_Alternative\" Within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees_,\nHCR/GIP/03/04, 23 July 2003, [http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3f2791a44.pdf, and paras 33-35. For an IFA/IRA to be relevant, the proposed](http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3f2791a44.pdf)\narea of relocation must be practically, safely and legally accessible. Further, where the claimant has a well-founded fear of persecution at\nthe hands of the State and its agents, there is a presumption that consideration of an IFA/IRA is not \u201crelevant\u201d for areas under the control\nof the State. If the applicant fears persecution by a non-state agent of persecution, the ability to pursue the claimant in the proposed area\nand the State\u2019s ability to provide protection there must be considered, see paras 9-21. UNHCR considers that a similar analysis would apply\nwhen the applicability of IFA is considered in the context of determining eligibility for subsidiary protection.\n198 See UN Security Council Resolution 2240 (2015), which authorizes Member States to inspect vessels on the high seas off the Libyan coast\nif they are suspected of migrant smuggling or human trafficking from Libya, and to seize vessels which are confirmed as being used for\nthese purposes. The resolution recognizes that \u201c _that among these migrants may be persons who meet the definition of a refugee under the_\n_1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto_ \u201d and urges states to respect the rights of migrants and \u201c _to_\n_comply with their obligations under international law, including international human rights law and international refugee law, as_\n_applicable_ \u201d; UN Security Council, _Resolution 2240 (2015), Adopted by the Security Council at its 7531st Meeting, on 9 October 2015_, 9\n[October 2015, S/RES/2240 (2015), http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64698c4.html. See also UNHCR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b64698c4.html) _UNHCR Intervention Before the_\n_European Court of Human Rights in the Case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy_, March 2010, Application No. 27765/09,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html)\n199 People on the move to and through the Mediterranean Sea have different migratory status, with the majority of them not qualifying for\nrefugee or subsidiary protection. However, according to EUROSTAT _,_ approximately 30 per cent of those arriving on the European shores\nwere in need of international protection. Moreover, some have faced extreme hardship and abuse at the hands of unscrupulous traffickers\nduring the journey; UNHCR/IOM, _Proposal for a Regional Cooperative Arrangement Ensuring Predictable Disembarkation and_\n_Subsequent Processing of Persons Rescued-at-Sea_ [, 27 June 2018, https://bit.ly/2Oi1UJX, p. 1.](https://bit.ly/2Oi1UJX)\n200 UNHCR, _UNHCR Intervention before the European Court of Human Rights in the Case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy_, March 2010,\nApplication No. 27765/09, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html. See also above \u201c](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html) _Situation of Third-Country Nationals_\n_(Including Asylum-Seekers, Refugees and Migrants)_ \u201d.\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Designation of Libya as a Place of Safety for the Purpose of Disembarkation following Rescue at Sea**_\n42. In the context of rescue at sea and in line with international maritime law, disembarkation is to occur in\n\na predictable manner in a place of safety and in conditions that uphold respect for the human rights of\nthose who are rescued, including adherence to the principle of non-refoulement. [201] When asylumseekers, refugees and migrants are rescued at sea, including by military and commercial vessels, \u201c _the_\n_need to avoid disembarkation in territories where_ [their] _lives and freedoms_ (\u2026) _would be threatened_ \u201d\nis relevant in determining what constitutes a place of safety. [202] In light of the volatile security situation\nin general and the particular protection risks for third-country nationals (including detention in\nsubstandard conditions, and reports of serious abuses against asylum-seekers, refugees and migrants), [203]\nUNHCR does not consider that Libya meets the criteria for being designated as a place of safety for the\npurpose of disembarkation following rescue at sea. [204] The proposed establishment of a Gathering and\nDeparture Facility as an alternative to detention does not change UNHCR\u2019s position that Libya cannot\nbe designated as a place of safety for the purpose of disembarkation, noting also that all individuals\ntransferring through this facility would have to be evacuated from Libya for protection-related reasons,\nalthough this may not be an option for all.\n\n\n_**Updating and Review**_\n43. UNHCR\u2019s position will be reviewed as the situation evolves and will be updated as necessary.\n\n\n201 UNHCR/IOM, _Proposal for a Regional Cooperative Arrangement Ensuring Predictable Disembarkation and Subsequent Processing of_\n_Persons Rescued-at-Sea_, 27 June 2018, [https://bit.ly/2Oi1UJX, p. 2; International Maritime Organization (IMO),](https://bit.ly/2Oi1UJX) _Resolution MSC.155(78),_\n_Adoption of Amendments to the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979_, 20 May 2004, Annex 5,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acad44.html; IMO,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acad44.html) _Resolution MSC.167(78), Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued At Sea_,\n[20 May 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acb464.html; IMO,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acb464.html) _International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue_, 27 April\n[1979, 1403 UNTS, Annex, para. 1.3.2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/469224c82.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/469224c82.html)\n202 IMO, _Resolution MSC.167(78), Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea_, 20 May 2004, para. 6.17,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acb464.html. See also, UNHCR,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/432acb464.html) _As Mediterranean Sea Arrivals Decline and Death Rates Rise, UNHCR_\n_Calls for Strengthening of Search and Rescue_ [, 6 July 2018, http://unhcr.org/5b3f270a4.](http://unhcr.org/5b3f270a4)\n203 See above paras 19 and 21.\n204 Non-refoulement obligations also apply in relation to Libyan nationals and former habitual residents of Libya intercepted / rescued at sea.\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c94c1114-f697-3c6f-95c7-860d0cd06013/5b8d02314.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_123/raw/doc_123_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_123/raw/doc_123_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c89d166774321385549c69d9d1ac2e4035ef34ee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_123/raw/doc_123_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With an education, everyone has an equal\nand fair chance to make it in life. But I believe\neducation is not only about the syllabus. It is\nabout friendship and also a place to discover our\ntalents and allow us to discover our destiny.\n\n\nMary Maker,\nSouth Sudanese refugee, speaks at TEDxKakumaCamp,\nheld at Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Empower Refugee Youth**\nYouth Education Programme\n###### 1\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s pioneering\n\nYOUTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME\n\nsets a new benchmark for initiatives\n\nseeking to ensure that more refugee youth\n\nhave access to quality post-primary\neducation. It is an investment in the\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 2\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\n\nCurrently being piloted in Kenya, Pakistan, Rwanda and Uganda between 2017 and\n\n2021, **the Youth Education Programme will work with over 232,000 refugee**\n\n**youth.** The global needs of youth dwarfs this number, and the programme aims to\n\nbuild on evidence from this first step, opening up further educational and economic\n\nopportunities on a wider scale.\n\n\n\nThe **Global Refugee Youth Consultations** in\n**22 countries,** organised by UNHCR and the\nWomen\u2019s Refugee Commission in 2015 and 2016 [1],\nbrought a request from refugee youth for UNHCR\nand partners to ensure that young refugees are\ngiven opportunities to shape their own futures,\nand develop the skills they need during displacement and beyond. The importance of post-primary\neducation is expressed throughout the Seven Core\nActions for Refugee Youth emerging from the Global\nRefugee Youth Consultations, including addressing\nthe need to empower youth through meaningful\nengagement, as well as to recognise, utilise, and\ndevelop youth capacities and skills.\n\n\n\nThe Youth Education Programme responds to these\nseven core actions with **innovative approaches**,\nincluding the use of technology, specific capacity\nand skills development, and youth-centred community-based models of engagement. The programme\nprioritises education and training for **youth empow-**\n**erment and self-reliance**, and improves access\nto **inclusive high-quality learning opportunities**\nthrough secondary and higher education, skills\ndevelopment, and vocational training. Mentoring,\nsocial network promotion, and peer-to-peer support\nare important elements of the programme.\n\n\nThe Youth Education Programme works with\nrefugee youth who are in school, as well as those\nwho are out of school.\n\n\n\n**Global Refugee Youth Consultations:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Empower Refugee Youth**\nYouth Education Programme\n###### 3\n\n\nThe Youth Education Programme responds to the demands by refugee youth\nfor more education and skills training opportunities. There is a growing recognition by governments that sustainable development requires greater investment in\npost-primary education for both refugee and host-community youth.\n\n\nExpanding education and training for young people is central to the New York\nDeclaration and the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, aligned with\nthe aims of Sustainable Development Goal 4.\n\n\n\nREFUGEE\nYOUTH EDUCATION\n\n\n**AN IMPERATIVE FOR RESILIENCE**\nEducational institutions offer refugee youth\na place of safety during displacement.\nEducation is an investment in the future, nurturing and developing the leaders, teachers,\npeace-builders, scientists, architects, engineers,\n\n\n\ncivil servants, health workers, and home makers\nwho will rebuild and revitalise their countries.\nEducating refugee youth is central to the peaceful\nand sustainable development of the countries\nwhere they reside, as well as the countries they will\nreturn or move to.\n\n\n**Refugee youth are dynamic and resourceful**\n**people, who possess the potential to create**\n**change in their communities.** More than half of\nthe 20 million refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate\nare aged under 18. In some places, this figure is\neven higher. In Kakuma camp in Kenya, 75% of\nrefugees are under 25. In spite of this, official policies and development programmes often overlook\nthe needs, experiences, and potential of young\nrefugees. Too many youth have little or no access\nto education, employment, or social opportunities.\nThey grow into adulthood in conditions of displacement and insecurity, which can result in them\nremaining marginalized and highly vulnerable.\n\n\nUNTAPPED POTENTIAL [2]\n\nIn some places, secondary schools do not\nexist, and where they do, they are often\ninaccessible to refugees, especially girls.\nA refugee child is 5 times more likely to be out of\nschool than other children. [3] Young refugees face\npressure to find work, get married quickly, and fulfill\nhousehold duties. Just 1% of them make it through\nto tertiary education.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 4\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\n\n**Figure 1.** Refugee enrolment\n\n\n\nTertiary Refugees\nTertiary Global\nSecondary Refugees, Low-Income Countries\nSecondary Refugees\nSecondary Global\n\n\n\n1\n\n37\n\n11\n\n23\n\n84\n\n\n\nEnroled in school, in % Untapped potential, in %\n\n\n\n**Secondary education services for refugees are**\n**hard to access.** Refugee youth are often excluded\nfrom national education systems, or face limitations to their freedom of movement, preventing\nthem from accessing schools which are located\nat a distance from their homes. In most refugee\nareas there are frequently fewer, if any, secondary\nschools. Refugees often miss out on school for long\nperiods due to conflict and flight, making it difficult for them to enrol in school without extra help,\nwhich is seldom available. Refugees may need to\nlearn a new language to be able to attend school.\nThe host country may not accept exam certificates\nfrom the home country, or may not allow children\nwithout birth certificates or identity papers to enrol.\nCost also poses a barrier. Per student, secondary\nschooling costs more than primary, as secondary\nschools are more complex to manage, staff are\nmore specialized, and facilities and teaching\nmaterials cost more. Refugees commonly face\nrestrictions to their right to work in the host country,\nso often parents cannot get jobs to earn money to\npay for their children\u2019s education.\n\n\n**Tertiary education is almost out of reach,** with\n99% of refugees excluded from university and other\nforms of tertiary education. Low levels of secondary\neducation completion diminish tertiary education\npossibilities. However, even if refugees are able to\n\n\n\ncomplete secondary schooling, the cost of higher\neducation is a major barrier, increased by the need\nin most cases to live away from home.\n\n\n**There are few opportunities for skills training,**\nwith insufficient access to formal and non-formal\nskills training programmes for refugee youth, either\nwithin formal schooling, or for those who are out\nof school. As a result, refugee youth often find\nthemselves without the relevant skills and opportunities for gainful employment. Those who have not\naccessed or completed school also lack clear pathways and support to move on to recognized and\naccredited professional training programmes, which\ncould lead to safer and more stable livelihoods.\nRefugees often face policy barriers to finding stable\nemployment, which discourages their pursuit of\neducation and training.\n\n\n**Girls in particular struggle to enrol in and**\n**complete post-primary education.** Added to the\ndifficulties of arriving in a new country, and possibly\nhaving to learn a new language, refugee girls face\nadditional barriers. Living in isolated and remote\nlocations creates obstacles for girls to access and\nstay in school, due to distance, insecure routes,\nand lack of safe transport. Common barriers that\nrefugee girls share with girls from host communities\nare poor sanitation and hygiene facilities, as well\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "as a lack of female teachers in schools, especially\nwhere this is culturally appropriate. As they get\nolder, refugee girls face more marginalization, and\nthe gender gap grows wider. In some societies, for\ncultural reasons that are often exacerbated by the\nnew environment and the family\u2019s efforts to keep\ntheir female members out of harm\u2019s way, girls\u2019\neducation is not prioritised. Schools often fail to\nadequately address the sexual and gender-based\nviolence to which girls are exposed. Many families therefore keep their girls at home for domestic\nduties, or seek to arrange early marriages for them.\n\n\nSustainable Development Agenda\n\n\n\n**Empower Refugee Youth**\nYouth Education Programme\n###### 5\n\n\n**A GLOBAL CHALLENGE**\n\n**Globally, in spite of international commitments,**\n**200 million young people between 12 and 17**\n**years old are not in school.** Poverty is a major\ncause. Most live in Sub-Saharan Africa, North\nAfrica, the Middle East, and Southern Asia. [4]\nAlthough refugees have additional challenges to\novercome, as result of their experiences in conflict\nareas, arriving in a foreign country, and sometimes\nmissing out on several years of education, all young\npeople from poor families in low-income countries\nfind it hard to complete their education and earn a\nliving. To achieve inclusive and sustainable development for all, we need to address these issues\ntogether with the communities hosting refugees.\n\n\n\nThe SDG\u2019s promise to leave no one behind. SDG4 states that refugees should be\nincluded in efforts to achieve education goals. Policymakers, as well as humanitarian\nand development professionals, have become increasingly aware that very high\nnumbers of refugee youth are not in education, training, or employment.\n\n\n**THE YOUTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME WILL CONTRIBUTE TO:**\n\n\n**SDG Target 4.4:** to give more youth and adults the skills they need, including\ntechnical and vocational skills, to find jobs or become entrepreneurs.\n\n\n**SDG Target 4.7** : to promote the skills needed for sustainable development,\nincluding understanding human rights, gender equality, global citizenship, and\nvalues of peace and non-violence.\n\n\n**SDG Target 8.6:** to \u2018substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in\nemployment, education or training\u2019 by 2020.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 6\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\n\nPROGRAMME COMPONENTS\n\n\n**SECONDARY EDUCATION**\n\n\nSecondary school is an important\nstepping-stone towards lifelong learning. It\nopens the door to tertiary education, skills training,\nand employment opportunities. It provides a safe\nspace for youth who are at risk from child labour,\nsexual and other forms of exploitation, recruitment\nby armed groups, early marriage and pregnancy,\nor negative coping behaviours. Girls\u2019 access to\nsecondary education is particularly important.\nWhen a refugee girl receives secondary education, her family and community are more likely to\nimprove their social and economic status, as well\nas their health. [5] Secondary school graduates, both\nboys and girls, are more likely to find jobs that can\nprovide a sustainable income for their families.\n\n\n**Together we aim to:**\n\n- [\u0007Help strengthen the capacity of governments ]\nand other partners to **include refugee youth in**\n**national secondary schools.**\n\n\n- [\u0007Assist local authorities to ] **[build additional ]**\n**school facilities,** including classrooms,\nsanitation, and hygiene facilities\n\n\n- **[Provide financial support]** [ to enable refugee ]\nyouth to attend national secondary schools.\n\n\n- [\u0007Assist schools to ] **[expand use of information ]**\n**and communications technologies (ICT) and**\n**school laboratories** and install solar panels to\nprovide power and connectivity.\n\n\n- **[Promote]** [ the professional development of ]\nteachers and use ICT to improve teaching quality.\n\n\n\n\n- **[Support accelerated education programmes]**\nthat allow refugee youth who have missed out on\nschool to catch up on their studies and transition\nto the formal secondary education system and/or\nskills development opportunities.\n\n\n- **[Encourage the setting up and training of ]**\n**school management committees,** including\nrefugee teachers, parents, and students\n\n\n**EDUCATION FOR GIRLS**\n\n\nGirls face additional barriers to education for\nvarious reasons, including social and cultural conventions, and family expectations. Refugee girls\nwho cannot attend school are more vulnerable to\nsexual exploitation, domestic labour, early marriage, pregnancy, and exploitative and dangerous\nforms of employment. Ensuring that refugee girls\ncan access education is therefore central to their\nempowerment, and to the prosperity and increased\nresilience of their families and communities. The\nnumber of child deaths from pneumonia, diarrhoea,\nand malaria would fall by 49% if all girls finished\nsecondary school. [6] Similarly, child marriages would\nfall by 64% if all girls finish secondary school. [7]\nUNHCR\u2019s report, _Her Turn_, highlights that helping\nrefugee girls to obtain a good education requires\ncoordinated action among all stakeholders \u2013 from\nEducation Ministries and teacher training institutions, to communities and local schools, to donors,\ninternational organisations, and the private sector. [8]\n\n\n**Together we aim to:**\n\n- **[\u0007Provide cash support to families]** [, to increase ]\ngirls\u2019 enrolment in secondary school, in\nhigher education institutions, and in technical and vocational education and training\n(TVET) programmes.\n\n\n- **[Raise awareness]** [ of the importance of ]\npost-primary education for girls, and the\nopportunities that are available.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **[\u0007Provide school materials]** [, solar lamps, and ]\nother forms of support that help girls to pursue\ntheir studies at all levels.\n\n\n- [\u0007Provide ] **[school transport]** [ and build ] **[appropriate ]**\n**and safe infrastructure.**\n\n\n- **[\u0007Support extra-curricular classes]** [9] **[, ]**\n**peer-to-peer support**, and mentoring for\nrefugee girls in secondary education.\n\n\n- **[Increase the number of qualified ]**\n**female teachers** in secondary schools by\nhelping female students to obtain certified\nteaching qualifications.\n\n\n**TERTIARY EDUCATION**\n\n\nThe demand for access to tertiary education\n\n\n\n**Empower Refugee Youth**\nYouth Education Programme\n###### 7\n\n\n**Together we aim to:**\n\n- [\u0007Help more refugees to attend higher education ]\ninstitutions through expanded **partnerships**\n**with higher education institutions** in order to\nincrease scholarship quotas for refugees.\n\n\n- [\u0007Provide financial support to ] **[scholarship ]**\n**programmes** that enable refugee youth to enrol\nin tertiary education.\n\n\n- [\u0007Provide] **[ intensive language programmes]** [ to ]\nhelp refugee students pursue their studies in\ncountries of asylum.\n\n\n- [\u0007Set-up and expand] **[ higher education ]**\n**connected learning programmes** to reach\nmore students.\n\n\n- [\u0007Build ] **[partnerships with the private ]**\n**sector** to improve and expand access to\nconnected learning.\n\n\n- **[\u0007Assist refugees to access bridging ]**\n**programmes** [10], to help them learn content they\nhave missed, or support knowledge and skill\nacquisition, in order to transition successfully\nfrom secondary to tertiary education.\n\n\n- [\u0007Train ICT facilitators and upgrade ]\n**ICT infrastructure** .\n\n\n- [\u0007Provide laboratories with ] **[IT equipment and ]**\n**materials** and improve access to electricity and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 8\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\n\n**SKILLS FOR LIFE AND WORK**\n\n\nTo obtain jobs and entrepreneurial skills, youth need\naccess to both formal and non-formal flexible educational opportunities, and technical and vocational\ntraining. Refugee youth who have only completed\nprimary or lower secondary school need help to\nobtain qualifications, so that they can transition to\nhigher levels of education and increase personal\ndevelopment. Youth training programmes need to\nteach practical and technical skills, as well as interpersonal, social, and civic skills, that enable youth\nto problem-solve and develop positive values. A\ncomprehensive approach will help students to join\nthe economy, participate in their communities, and\nmake informed decisions. In an increasingly digital\nworld, they also need digital literacy.\n\n\n**Together we aim to:**\n\n- \u0007 **[Increase the number of secondary schools]**\nthat combine technical skills training with\nformal secondary education, and provide\nentrepreneurship training and internships.\n\n\n- \u0007 [Encourage and incentivise national TVET ]\ninstitutes, in partnership with humanitarian,\ndevelopment, and private sector actors, to\n**include refugees in TVET programmes.**\n\n\n- \u0007 [Construct and upgrade ] **[youth development ]**\n**centres,** to provide electricity, internet\nconnectivity, and ICT equipment.\n\n\n\n\n- \u0007 **[Support language, literacy and numeracy ]**\n**classes, business and entrepreneur-**\n**ship courses, ICT and connected**\n**learning programmes, and counselling**\nfor out-of-school youth.\n\n\n- \u0007 **[Offer change maker grants]** [ that give refugee ]\nyouth an opportunity to lead and learn by\ndeveloping their own activities and solutions.\n\n\n**YOUTH**\n**EDUCATION RESEARCH**\n\n\nThe Youth Education Programme also seeks to\nimprove the relevance, protection, and sustainability\nof youth education and training programmes that\nUNHCR and its partners provide. The importance of\npost-primary education for young refugees emerges\nclearly in the core recommendations of the Global\nRefugee Youth Consultations. However, research in\neducation in emergencies is generally limited, and\nthis is particularly the case in the area of refugee\nyouth education.\n\n\nThe Youth Education Programme also seeks to\nimprove the relevance, protection, and sustainability\nof youth education and training programmes that\nUNHCR and its partners provide. The importance of\npost-primary education for young refugees emerges\nclearly in the core recommendations of the Global\nRefugee Youth Consultations. However, research in\neducation in emergencies is generally limited, and\nthis is particularly the case in the area of refugee\nyouth education.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 10\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\n\nOUR APPROACH\n\n\n**Promote national inclusion**\nWe are strengthening our partnerships\nwith host governments and development\npartners to enhance the capacity of secondary\neducation services to benefit youth from both\nrefugee and host communities. We promote the\ninclusion of refugees in national educational planning, budgeting and monitoring, through close\ncollaboration with education partners, and participation in Local Education Groups and other national\nprocesses. We advocate for policies that permit\nrefugees to enrol in education, including tertiary\neducation, under the same conditions as nationals.\n\n\n**Support teachers to raise**\n**the quality of education**\n\nWe work with national partners to improve the\nquality of teacher training and professional development, including through the use of ICT. We\nsupport the strengthening of teacher management\n(including pay and conditions, accommodation, and\ntransport), both for national and refugee teachers.\n\n\n**Harness innovative approaches**\n\nWe promote innovation by supporting refugee\nyouth to drive programme design. We do this by\nexploring, together with youth and partners, how to\nreduce the educational barriers that refugee youth\nface in specific contexts, and build on successful\ninitiatives such as the TIGER girls programme in\nJordan [11], Teachers-for-Teachers, and connected\nlearning programmes.\n\n\n**Strengthen youth engagement**\n\nWe consult with refugee youth to ensure that\nprogrammatic approaches meet their needs, and\nto develop more youth-led initiatives. We provide\nmore leadership opportunities that assist young\nrefugees to be ambassadors in their communities, participate in decision-making bodies, and\nact as local or national spokespersons or advocates. We strengthen mentoring, social networks,\n\n\n\nand peer-to-peer support for refugee and host\ncommunity youth. We work with UNHCR\u2019s Global\nYouth Advisory Council, which is composed of\n15 refugee youth (including representatives from\nKenya, Pakistan and Uganda) [12], and the Council\nliaises with national refugee youth organizations,\nto ensure that the needs and aspirations of young\nrefugees are met.\n\n\n**Build and strengthen partnerships**\n\nWe are strengthening our partnerships with host\ngovernments, communities, schools and teachers,\nTVET and higher education institutions, the private sector, and development actors. Together,\nwe promote an enabling environment for refugee\nyouth, and improve the quality of learning, training,\nand support that is available to youth in refugee\nand host communities, who are prevented by\npoverty, remoteness, or structural disadvantages\nfrom completing their education or professional\ntraining. Working closely with private sector partners, we are increasing the provision of internships\nand traineeships, and multiplying digital solutions\nand online learning opportunities. With our partners, we are expanding opportunities to train in\nbusiness skills, providing mentoring for start-ups,\nand financially assisting youth development centres and TVET institutions to improve their facilities\nand equipment.\n\n\n\u0007PROGRAMME\nCOUNTRIES [13]\n\nTogether with partners, and in collaboration\nwith national authorities and education institutions, UNHCR teams in Kenya, Pakistan, Rwanda\nand Uganda are already implementing education\nprogrammes. Although the four countries have\nhosted a large number of refugees for many years,\nappropriate support for quality secondary and\npost-secondary education and training for refugees\nhas been insufficient to meet needs and demand.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Empower Refugee Youth**\nYouth Education Programme\n###### 11\n\n\n\nthe Youth Education Programme, 2017 - 2021\n\n\n\nUganda\n\nPakistan\n\nRwanda\n\nKenya\n\n**TOTAL**\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n63665\n\n86135\n53902\n2800\n\n**231702**\n50000 100000 150000 200000 250000\n\n\n\nIn all four countries, refugees have the right to\naccess the national education system. However,\nenrolment rates of refugees between the ages of\n12 and 17 have been extremely low. In Pakistan, for\nexample, only 5% of this age group are in school.\nIn Uganda, about the figure is 6%. In Uganda, there\nare only five girls for every ten boys enrolled in\nsecondary education, while in Kenya, there are only\nfour girls for every ten boys enrolled.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s programmes offer tertiary education\nscholarships for refugees in all four countries. In\nKenya, a connected learning approach has also\nbeen underway for some years. In Rwanda and\nKenya, opportunities for TVET, work skills training,\nand non-formal education need to be increased,\nto meet the demand among refugee and host\ncommunity youth.\n\n\n\nChallenges of access, availability, quality, cost,\nand other key factors standing in the way of education for refugee youth, need more attention and\na focused effort. The Youth Education Programme\nbuilds on existing activities in the four countries,\nscaling these and expanding into new activities, in close collaboration with refugee youth,\nthe governments, and other partners. The Youth\nEducation Programme is intended to gradually\nexpand to other refugee hosting countries, in order\nto strengthen and grow programming that will help\nreduce the gap in refugee youth education.\n\n\nEXPECTED RESULTS [14]\n\n\n**We aim to:**\n1. \u0007 [Increase the number of refugee youth, including ]\ngirls, who enrol, remain in, and complete their\n**secondary education** in national schools.\n\n\n2. [ \u0007Increase the number of refugee youth, including ]\nwomen, who enrol in, and complete, **tertiary**\n**education programmes.**\n\n\n3. \u0007 [Increase the number of refugee youth who are ]\nequipped with **life and work skills** .\n\n\n4. \u0007 [Improve the] **[ policy environment]** [ for refugee ]\nyouth, addressing their access to secondary and\ntertiary education, as well as skills training.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### 12\n\n\n\nEMPOWER\nREFUGEE\n\n\nENDNOTES\n\n\n[1 UNHCR. 2016. We Believe in Youth. Global Refugee Youth Consultations, Final Report.](http://www.unhcr.org/57e1126e7.html)\n\n\n[2 UNHCR. 2017. Left Behind. Refugee Education in Crisis.](http://www.unhcr.org/left-behind/)\n\n\n[3 UNHCR.2016. Missing out. Refugee Education in Crisis.](http://www.unhcr.org/57d9d01d0)\n\n\n[4 \u0007UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). 2018. Fact Sheet No. 48. One in Five Children, Adolescents](http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs48-one-five-children-adolescents-youth-out-school-2018-en.pdf)\n[and Youth is Out of School.](http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs48-one-five-children-adolescents-youth-out-school-2018-en.pdf)\n\n\n[5 UNHCR. 2018. Her Turn. It is time to make refugee girls\u2018 education a priority.](http://www.unhcr.org/herturn/)\n\n\n[6 UNESCO. 2013. Education Transforms Lives.](http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002231/223115e.pdf)\n\n\n[7 UNESCO. 2014. Global Education Monitoring Report.](http://www.unesco.org/new/en/brasilia/about-this-office/single-view/news/womens_education_helps_avert_child_marriage/)\n\n\n[8 UNHCR. 2018. Her Turn. It is time to make refugee girls\u2018 education a priority.](http://www.unhcr.org/herturn/)\n\n\n9 \u0007Remedial programmes provide additional support, concurrent with regular classes, to students\nwho require some short-term help with content or skills in order to succeed in regular classes.\n[Source: Accelerated Education Working Group. October 2017. Guide to the Accelerated Education](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/335._aewg_accelerated_education_guide_to_the_principles-screen.pdf)\n[Principles, p. 10.](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/335._aewg_accelerated_education_guide_to_the_principles-screen.pdf)\n\n\n10 \u0007A bridging programme is a short-term targeted preparation course that assists students to make\nthe transition from their home to their host education system and curriculum, or to prepare for entry\ninto a different type of certified education. It builds on the student\u2019s previous success, for example\n[in language acquisition. Source: Accelerated Education Working Group. October 2017. Guide to the](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/335._aewg_accelerated_education_guide_to_the_principles-screen.pdf)\n[Accelerated Education Principles, p. 10.](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/335._aewg_accelerated_education_guide_to_the_principles-screen.pdf)\n\n\n11 \u0007\u2018TIGER\u2019 (These Inspiring Girls Enjoy Reading) is a community-based programme developed in\nthe Zaatari camp in Jordan which motivates Syrian adolescent girls to return to or remain in\nschool. Adolescent girls have access to books and digital content in Arabic and English through\na multi-media open-source library that uses tablets. The programme is supported by Open\nLearning Exchange.\n\n\n[12 \u0007UNHCR. Global Youth Advisory Council\u2019s recommendations to the Programme of Action of the](http://crrf.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/118)\n[Global Compact on Refugees. January 2018.](http://crrf.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/118)\n\n\n13 \u0007UNHCR intends to expand and scale the Youth Education Programme globally to address the needs\nin other refugee host countries.\n\n\n14 \u0007The numbers in the graph are estimates. The programme will invest in national structures and\naims to include refugee youth in national education programmes. It is estimated that an additional\n438,000 young people in the four countries could indirectly benefit from the programme.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education is a way to help young people heal, but it\nis also the way to revive entire countries. Allowed\nto learn, grow and flourish, children will grow up\nto contribute both to the societies, that host them,\nand to their homelands when peace allows them\nto return. That is why education is one of the most\nimportant ways to solve the world\u2019s crises.\n\n\nFilippo Grandi,\nUN High Commissioner for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "YOUTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME\n\n\nYouth are dynamic and resourceful, with hopes,\n\ndreams, ambitions, and huge potential.\n\nInvesting in the Youth Education Programme gives\n\nrefugee youth the opportunity to access\n\neducation and skills for life and work, enabling these\n\nyoung people to contribute positively to their\n\ncommunities, their countries, and most importantly,\n\ntheir own futures.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4f52aea-92a4-3c75-8912-deca9f700f5d/5baa3b984.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_124/raw/doc_124_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_124/raw/doc_124_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 686d44568adb02cb1e272025f253b1024907263a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_124/raw/doc_124_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS**\n## **GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR**\n\n_Refugiados de Burundi y miembros de la comunidad local de acogida de Ruanda estudian uno al_\n_lado del otro en la escuela Paysannat en el este de Ruanda. \u00a9 ACNUR / Hannah Maule-ffinch_\n\n\n**\u00cdNDICE**\n\n\n**\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 lo necesitamos?** **2**\n\n\n**\u00bfC\u00f3mo se desarroll\u00f3 el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados?** **3**\n\n\n**\u00bfC\u00f3mo funcionar\u00e1 el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados?** **5**\n\n\n**\u00bfQu\u00e9 contiene el Pacto Mundial sobre refugiados? \u00bfQu\u00e9 hay de nuevo en el Pacto?** **6**\n\n\n**\u00bfA partir de aqu\u00ed hacia d\u00f3nde vamos?** **9**\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n#### **\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 lo necesitamos?**\n\n\n\nAl final del 2017, hab\u00eda cerca de **25.4 millones de personas refugiadas** alrededor del mundo [1], de las\ncuales m\u00e1s de la mitad son menores de 18 a\u00f1os de edad. Adem\u00e1s, la carga y la responsabilidad de\nacoger y apoyar a un n\u00famero tan grande de personas refugiadas, sigue recayendo\ndesproporcionadamente en un n\u00famero relativamente peque\u00f1o de pa\u00edses. Hoy, solamente diez pa\u00edses\nacogen el 60% de las personas refugiadas del mundo. Solo Turqu\u00eda acoge a **3,5 millones de**\n**personas refugiadas**, m\u00e1s que cualquier otro pa\u00eds. En L\u00edbano, **una de cada seis personas** es\nrefugiada; en Jordania, una de cada catorce. Adem\u00e1s, la gran mayor\u00eda de las personas refugiadas del\nmundo ( **85%** ) vive en pa\u00edses en desarrollo que enfrentan sus propios desaf\u00edos econ\u00f3micos y de\ndesarrollo.\n\npersonas refugiadas, incluso a trav\u00e9s de niveles sin\nprecedentes de financiamiento humanitario y\naceptando personas refugiadas para el\nreasentamiento. Sin embargo, su n\u00famero es\nlimitado: diez donantes gubernamentales (incluida la\nUni\u00f3n Europea) proporcionan casi el ochenta por\n\nde los dos tercios de las solicitudes de\n\npa\u00edses. A pesar de la generosidad de estos Estados,\n\ny cada vez mayor.\nCon la adopci\u00f3n de la _**Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York para los Refugiados y los Migrantes**_ en\nseptiembre de 2016 [2], los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas adoptaron una serie de\ncompromisos para mejorar la forma en que la comunidad internacional aborda las cuestiones de\nmovilidad humana. En relaci\u00f3n con los refugiados, esto incluy\u00f3 dos pasos clave hacia un sistema\nm\u00e1s sostenible para proporcionar protecci\u00f3n a las personas refugiadas y responder a las\nnecesidades de los pa\u00edses y las comunidades de acogida:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n - Primero, los Estados Miembros adoptaron el **Marco de Respuesta Integral para los Refugiados**\n\n - \u2018 **CRRF** \u2019 (por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), que se basa en d\u00e9cadas de experiencia en la protecci\u00f3n de\nlas personas refugiadas, en el apoyo a los pa\u00edses de acogida y las comunidades, as\u00ed como en la\nb\u00fasqueda de soluciones [3] . Este marco establece una amplia gama de medidas que debe tomar la\ncomunidad internacional en respuesta a una situaci\u00f3n de refugiados a gran escala en todo el ciclo\nde desplazamiento, desde la admisi\u00f3n y la recepci\u00f3n hasta la satisfacci\u00f3n de las necesidades del\nmomento y la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones.\n\n - Segundo, los Estados Miembros acordaron continuar mejorando las respuestas internacionales\ntrabajando en la adopci\u00f3n de un ' **Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados** ' en 2018. Con este fin,\nsolicitaron al Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) que\nconsulte con los Estados Miembros y una amplia gama de otras partes interesadas y propongan\neste pacto [4] [. La propuesta del Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados (disponible en ingl\u00e9s)](http://www.unhcr.org/5b51fd587) de la cual el\n\n\n1 Incluidas las personas refugiadas palestinas registradas por la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados Palestinos (UNRWA, por\nsus siglas en ingl\u00e9s).\n[2 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York, visite: http://www.acnur.org/declaracion-de-nueva-york-sobre-](http://www.acnur.org/declaracion-de-nueva-york-sobre-refugiados-y-migrantes.html)\n[refugiados-y-migrantes.html.](http://www.acnur.org/declaracion-de-nueva-york-sobre-refugiados-y-migrantes.html)\n[3 Ver http://www.acnur.org/marco-de-respuesta-integral-para-los-refugiados.html.](http://www.acnur.org/marco-de-respuesta-integral-para-los-refugiados.html)\n4 Esto incluye las organizaciones internacionales dentro y fuera del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas, los actores del desarrollo y\nlas instituciones financieras internacionales, las organizaciones regionales, la sociedad civil, (incluidas las organizaciones\n\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\nCRRF forma parte integral, fue lanzada el 20 de julio de 2018.\n\n\nA menos de dos a\u00f1os de la adopci\u00f3n del CRRF, ya se puede observar un **avance significativo**, que\nincluye:\n\n\n - Un mejor apoyo para los pa\u00edses y comunidades que acogen a un gran n\u00famero de personas\nrefugiadas, incluidos 2 mil millones de d\u00f3lares estadounidenses de apoyo al desarrollo\nespec\u00edfico del Banco Mundial y m\u00e1s de mil millones de d\u00f3lares estadounidenses de apoyo de\ndonantes bilaterales del desarrollo a pa\u00edses particularmente afectados por el desplazamiento\nde refugiados;\n\n\n_Refugiados Rohingya ingresan a Bangladesh en octubre 2017. \u00a9 ACNUR / Roger Arnold_\n\n\n - Nuevas iniciativas para ampliar y salvaguardar el acceso de las personas refugiadas a la\neducaci\u00f3n, a los medios de vida y a los sistemas nacionales de justicia; y\n\n\n - Redoblar esfuerzos para encontrar soluciones, incluso mediante el aumento de un grupo de\npa\u00edses de reasentamiento, el incremento de programas de patrocinio privado y comunitario, y\nun mayor \u00e9nfasis en las condiciones en los pa\u00edses de origen que permitan el retorno en\ncondiciones de seguridad y dignidad.\n\n\nM\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre los avances se encuentra disponible en ingl\u00e9s en: _[From commitment to action:](http://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5b8d1ad34/commitment-action-highlights-progress-towards-comprehensive-refugee-responses.html)_\n_[Highlights of progress](http://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5b8d1ad34/commitment-action-highlights-progress-towards-comprehensive-refugee-responses.html)_ _[towards comprehensive refugee responses since the adoption of the New York](http://www.unhcr.org/5b6d4aa37)_\n_[Declaration](http://www.unhcr.org/5b6d4aa37)_ / Del compromiso a la acci\u00f3n: aspectos principales del progreso alcanzado hacia las\nrespuestas integrales de los refugiados desde la adopci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York).\n### **\u00bfC\u00f3mo se desarroll\u00f3 el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados?**\n\n\nTal como lo solicit\u00f3 la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, el Pacto Mundial se ha desarrollado\na trav\u00e9s de un amplio proceso de consulta multilateral con los Estados Miembros y otras partes\ninteresadas clave. El proceso incluy\u00f3:\n\n\n - La **[aplicaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica del CRRF](http://www.acnur.org/marco-de-respuesta-integral-para-los-refugiados.html)** en m\u00e1s de una docena de pa\u00edses, y a nivel regional en dos\n\nconfesionales, el mundo acad\u00e9mico y otros expertos), el sector privado, los miembros de las comunidades de acogida y los propios\nrefugiados.\n\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\nsituaciones, junto con un proceso de recopilaci\u00f3n de buenas pr\u00e1cticas y lecciones aprendidas de\nuna amplia gama de situaciones de refugiados \u2014en el pasado y en el presente\u2014 donde los\nprincipios del CRRF brindan contenido a las pol\u00edticas y los programas. Un elemento clave de este\nproceso fueron las **Consultas Anuales del ACNUR con las ONG** en 2017, que se destinaron a\nla aplicaci\u00f3n del CRRF y al desarrollo del Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados [5] ;\n\n - Una serie de cinco **[discusiones tem\u00e1ticas](http://www.unhcr.org/thematic-discussions-for-the-global-compact-on-refugees.html)** sobre temas clave para ser abordados por el Pacto\nMundial sobre Refugiados en la segunda mitad del 2017, incluyendo la participaci\u00f3n de los\nEstados, organizaciones regionales e internacionales, las ONG, representantes de la academia,\nexpertos, socios del sector privado, personas refugiadas (incluido el _Global Youth Advisory Council_\ndel ACNUR) y los representantes de las comunidades de acogida [6] ;\n\n\n - El **[Di\u00e1logo del Alto Comisionado sobre los Desaf\u00edos de la Protecci\u00f3n](http://www.acnur.org/dialogo-del-alto-comisionado-sobre-los-desafios-de-proteccion-2017.html)** en diciembre de 2017,\nsirvi\u00f3 para hacer un balance sobre los avances realizados y las lecciones aprendidas en el curso\nde aplicaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica del CRRF y las discusiones tem\u00e1ticas [7] ;\n\n - Un proceso reiterativo de **seis consultas formales** con los Estados Miembros de las Naciones\nUnidas sobre los sucesivos borradores del Pacto Mundial de febrero a julio de 2018, consultas\nen las cuales se revis\u00f3 el texto, de acuerdo con la retroalimentaci\u00f3n recibida [8] ; y\n\n\n_El Di\u00e1logo del Alto Comisionado sobre los Desaf\u00edos de la Protecci\u00f3n en diciembre de 2017 sirvi\u00f3 para_\n\n_hacer un balance sobre los avances realizados en el desarrollo del Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados,_\n\n_antes de la publicaci\u00f3n del \"borrador cero\" en enero de 2018. \u00a9 ACNUR / Jean Marc Ferr\u00e9_\n\n\n - La presentaci\u00f3n de casi **quinientas contribuciones por escrito disponibles p\u00fablicamente**\n\n\n[5 Ver http://www.acnur.org/marco-de-respuesta-integral-para-los-refugiados.html.](http://www.acnur.org/marco-de-respuesta-integral-para-los-refugiados.html)\n[6 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, incluidos documentos y grabaciones de video, ver http://www.unhcr.org/thematic-discussions-for-the-](http://www.unhcr.org/thematic-discussions-for-the-global-compact-on-refugees.html)\n[global-compact-on-refugees.html](http://www.unhcr.org/thematic-discussions-for-the-global-compact-on-refugees.html) (disponible en ingl\u00e9s).\n[7 Ver http://www.acnur.org/dialogo-del-alto-comisionado-sobre-los-desafios-de-proteccion-2017.html.](http://www.acnur.org/dialogo-del-alto-comisionado-sobre-los-desafios-de-proteccion-2017.html)\n[8 Ver www.unhcr.org/formalconsultations](http://www.unhcr.org/formalconsultations) (disponible en ingl\u00e9s).\n\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\n\nde una amplia gama de partes interesadas [9] .\n\n\n[Sobre la base de este proceso, el 20 de julio de 2018, el ACNUR public\u00f3 la propuesta del Pacto Mundial](http://www.unhcr.org/5b51fd587)\n[sobre Refugiados (disponible en ingl\u00e9s). El documento pretende ser pr\u00e1ctico e implementable, para](http://www.unhcr.org/5b51fd587)\nequilibrar las diversas opiniones \u2014y en ocasiones divergentes\u2014 y para construir sobre las \u00e1reas de\nconvergencia.\nAdem\u00e1s de este proceso, los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas tambi\u00e9n han estado\ntrabajando en el desarrollo de un \u2018 **Pacto Mundial para una migraci\u00f3n segura, ordenada y regular** \u2019.\nEste Pacto, que tambi\u00e9n se deriva de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York, se desarroll\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s de un\nproceso intergubernamental bajo la cofacilitaci\u00f3n de los Representantes de las Misiones Permanentes\nde M\u00e9xico y de Suiza ante las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York. El Pacto se adoptar\u00e1 en una\nconferencia intergubernamental que se realizar\u00e1 en Marruecos en diciembre de 2018 [10] .\n### **\u00bfC\u00f3mo funcionar\u00e1 el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados?**\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados establece la arquitectura para una respuesta internacional m\u00e1s\ns\u00f3lida, m\u00e1s predecible y m\u00e1s equitativa a las grandes situaciones de refugiados. Aunque no es\njur\u00eddicamente vinculante, el Pacto orienta a la comunidad internacional en su conjunto para apoyar a\nlas personas refugiadas y a los pa\u00edses y comunidades que acogen grandes n\u00fameros \u2014incluso por\nper\u00edodos de tiempo prolongados\u2014 mediante la movilizaci\u00f3n de la voluntad pol\u00edtica, un apoyo m\u00e1s\namplio y la activaci\u00f3n de arreglos que buscan alcanzar una distribuci\u00f3n de la carga y responsabilidad\ncompartida m\u00e1s equitativa y predecible.\nHay una serie de caracter\u00edsticas clave del enfoque que el Pacto Mundial sobre los Refugiados\nincorpora.\nEn primer lugar, busca formas de brindar un **mayor apoyo a los pa\u00edses y comunidades de acogida**\nde manera que apoye la protecci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas y la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones\nduraderas; este apoyo incluye recursos financieros adicionales, pero tambi\u00e9n abarca respaldo pol\u00edtico,\nasistencia t\u00e9cnica, actividades de fortalecimiento institucional, acuerdos comerciales preferenciales,\nmayor acceso al reasentamiento y otras soluciones en terceros pa\u00edses, y los esfuerzos para abordar\nlas causas subyacentes y establecer condiciones en los pa\u00edses de origen que permitan a las personas\nrefugiadas regresar a sus hogares con seguridad y dignidad.\n\nUna parte importante de este apoyo se relaciona con **el nexo entre la acci\u00f3n humanitaria y el**\n**desarrollo** ; es decir, el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados buscar\u00e1 mejorar las respuestas humanitarias,\nal tiempo que proporcionar\u00e1 una base para la activaci\u00f3n temprana de la cooperaci\u00f3n al desarrollo para\nbrindar apoyo adicional con beneficios directos para las comunidades de acogida y las personas\nrefugiadas.\n\n\nEn segundo lugar, el Pacto Mundial **involucrar\u00e1 a una gama m\u00e1s amplia de Estados y otros socios**\nque est\u00e1n listos para responder a las grandes situaciones de refugiados, tanto nuevas como\nprolongadas. Abarcar\u00e1 un enfoque de \u2018m\u00faltiples partes interesadas\u2019, bajo el liderazgo nacional,\nmediante el fortalecimiento de las alianzas existentes y la creaci\u00f3n de otras nuevas. Las alianzas entre\nlos Estados, las organizaciones internacionales y regionales, las ONG y la comunidad acad\u00e9mica\nseguir\u00e1n siendo muy importantes, pero tambi\u00e9n hay un gran potencial para alianzas con instituciones\nfinancieras internacionales, el sector privado y muchos otros.\n\n\nEn tercer lugar, el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados buscar\u00e1 fomentar la **resiliencia y la**\n**autosuficiencia** de las personas refugiadas, \u2014de forma que tambi\u00e9n beneficie a las comunidades de\nacogida\u2014 facilitando el acceso a oportunidades de medios de vida y servicios y sistemas nacionales,\nrespaldados por el apoyo adecuado de la comunidad internacional. Para las personas refugiadas, esto\nsignifica que depender\u00e1n menos de la ayuda, estar\u00e1n en mejores condiciones para regresar a sus\n\n\n[9 Ver www.unhcr.org/writtencontributions](http://www.unhcr.org/writtencontributions) (disponible en ingl\u00e9s).\n[10 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, ver https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/es/pacto-sobre-migraci%C3%B3n.](https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/es/pacto-sobre-migraci%C3%B3n)\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\nhogares cuando las condiciones as\u00ed lo permitan y, mientras tanto, podr\u00e1n contribuir con las\ncomunidades que los acogen. Para esas comunidades, esto significa que su propio desarrollo no se\nver\u00e1 afectado por la generosidad que han demostrado con las personas necesitadas.\n\n\nFinalmente, el Pacto Mundial buscar\u00e1 garantizar que las respuestas a las personas refugiadas se\n**basen en los derechos e integren las consideraciones de g\u00e9nero, edad y diversidad** en todo\nmomento. Una parte clave de esto es asegurar que las respuestas a las personas refugiadas\ninvolucren de manera activa y significativa a aquellos a quienes tienen la intenci\u00f3n de proteger y\nayudar, que promuevan la igualdad de g\u00e9nero y empoderen a las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as, y que combatan\nla discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial sobre los Refugiados no pretende crear cargas adicionales o imposiciones a los\npa\u00edses que acogen a un gran n\u00famero de personas refugiadas, ni tampoco modificar el mandato de\nprotecci\u00f3n y soluciones del ACNUR. Busca construir sobre el r\u00e9gimen internacional de refugiados que\nse ha establecido durante d\u00e9cadas \u2014y que contin\u00faa salvando vidas todos los d\u00edas\u2014 al compartir de\nmanera m\u00e1s equitativa y predecible las cargas y las responsabilidades.\n\n\n_\u00a9 ACNUR / Andres Loor_\n\n### **\u00bfQue contiene el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados? \u00bfQu\u00e9 hay de** **nuevo en el Pacto?**\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados se divide en cuatro partes [11] :\n\n\nI. Una **introducci\u00f3n** que establece los antecedentes del pacto, sus principios rectores y sus\nobjetivos, y aborda el tema crucial de la prevenci\u00f3n y las causas subyacentes;\n\n\nII. El **Marco de Respuesta Integral para los Refugiados,** adoptado por los Estados Miembros\n\n\n11 El Pacto propuesto est\u00e1 disponible en ingl\u00e9s en: www.unhcr.org/formalconsultations.\n\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\nde la ONU en la Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York;\n\n\nIII. Un **programa de acci\u00f3n** que apoya la puesta en marcha de las respuestas integrales, al\nestablecer medidas que los Estados y otras partes interesadas pertinentes puedan tomar para\ncompartir mejor la responsabilidad y cooperar m\u00e1s efectivamente en respuesta a los grandes\nmovimientos de refugiados y a las situaciones prolongadas de las personas refugiadas; y\n\n\nIV. Una secci\u00f3n de **seguimiento y revisi\u00f3n**, que incluye el desarrollo de indicadores, el balance\ndel progreso y la presentaci\u00f3n de informes.\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial tiene los mismos objetivos que el CRRF, espec\u00edficamente:\n\n\n1. **Aliviar las presiones** sobre los pa\u00edses que acogen un gran n\u00famero de personas refugiadas;\n\n\n2. Mejorar la **autosuficiencia de las personas refugiadas** ;\n\n\n3. Expandir el **acceso a soluciones en terceros pa\u00edses** (por ejemplo, reasentamiento y v\u00edas\n\ncomplementarias de admisi\u00f3n); y\n\n\n4. Fortalecer las **condiciones en los pa\u00edses de origen** que les permita a las personas\n\nrefugiadas retornar en forma segura y digna.\n\n\nEl programa de acci\u00f3n se divide en dos secciones: los \u2018 **arreglos para la distribuci\u00f3n de la carga y**\n**la responsabilidad compartida** \u2019 y las \u2018 **\u00e1reas que requieren de apoyo** \u2019. A pesar que el CRRF\nexpresamente se refiere a las grandes situaciones de refugiados, el programa de acci\u00f3n reconoce\nque otras situaciones\u2014 como cuando las personas refugiadas se trasladan junto a otras personas\nque participan en los movimientos o personas deslazadas internas, o cuando el desplazamiento\nforzado es el resultado de los desastres naturales repentinos y de la degradaci\u00f3n ambiental\u2014tambi\u00e9n\nplantean desaf\u00edos complejos para los Estados afectados y tambi\u00e9n pueden requerir el apoyo de la\ncomunidad internacional.\n### \u2018Arreglos para la distribuci\u00f3n de la carga y la responsabilidad compartida\u2019\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial establece una serie de medidas para promover la cooperaci\u00f3n internacional con\nel fin de apoyar a las personas refugiadas y a quienes los acogen, as\u00ed como a los pa\u00edses de origen,\ncuando procede, y para redoblar la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones.\n\n\n**A nivel mundial**, el Pacto establece un **Foro Mundial sobre Refugiados**, a nivel ministerial, reunir\u00e1 a\nla comunidad internacional cada cuatro a\u00f1os (a partir de 2019) para centrarse en los desaf\u00edos que\nenfrentan las personas refugiadas y los pa\u00edses de acogida, para ampliar la gama de actores que\nparticipan y brindan apoyo, y para revisar el progreso colectivo que se est\u00e1 alcanzando hacia una\ndistribuci\u00f3n de la carga y responsabilidad compartida m\u00e1s predecible y equitativa.\n\n\nEl Foro promover\u00e1 la participaci\u00f3n sostenida de la comunidad internacional en su conjunto en materia\nde refugiados y establecer\u00e1 un marco para adoptar nuevas medidas al brindar a los Estados Miembros\ny a otras partes interesadas pertinentes, la oportunidad de adquirir compromisos concretos hacia la\nimplementaci\u00f3n del Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados, y para discutir sobre oportunidades, desaf\u00edos y\nformas en las cuales la distribuci\u00f3n de la carga y la responsabilidad compartida se pueda mejorar a\u00fan\nm\u00e1s. Al garantizar la participaci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas en un evento internacional a nivel\nministerial, el Foro Mundial sobre Refugiados tambi\u00e9n abrir\u00e1 nuevos caminos a la participaci\u00f3n de las\npoblaciones afectadas.\n\n\nSe buscar\u00e1n compromisos de una amplia gama de Estados y de otros colaboradores potenciales.\nPueden incluir:\n\n - Asistencia financiera, material y t\u00e9cnica;\n\n - Cuotas de reasentamiento y v\u00edas complementarias de admisi\u00f3n a terceros pa\u00edses; y\n\n\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\n - Otras acciones que los Estados han elegido adoptar a nivel nacional en apoyo a los objetivos\ndel Pacto Mundial.\n\n\nA partir de 2023, el Foro tambi\u00e9n desempe\u00f1ar\u00e1 una importante funci\u00f3n en la **rendici\u00f3n de cuentas** .\nAdem\u00e1s de prever la adquisici\u00f3n de nuevos compromisos, le permitir\u00e1 a los Estados evaluar la\nimplementaci\u00f3n de los compromisos adquiridos anteriormente y de otros progresos encaminados a la\nconsecuci\u00f3n de los objetivos del Pacto Mundial, y de revisar la eficacia actual de los arreglos para la\ndistribuci\u00f3n de la carga y la responsabilidad compartida. Ser\u00e1 fundamental para esta rendici\u00f3n de\ncuentas un mecanismo para el **seguimiento de la implementaci\u00f3n de los compromisos y las**\n**contribuciones** que se establecer\u00e1n en consulta con los Estados Miembros y otras partes interesadas\npertinentes, as\u00ed como un proceso para **medir el impacto resultante de acoger, proteger y asistir**\n**a las personas refugiadas** . La evaluaci\u00f3n se realizar\u00e1 con base en los **indicadores** que se\ndesarrollar\u00e1n para evaluar el progreso y ser\u00e1 facilitado mediante una reuni\u00f3n de funcionarios de alto\nnivel con un intervalo de dos a\u00f1os entre los Foros para llevar a cabo una \u2018revisi\u00f3n de medio per\u00edodo\u2019.\n\n\n**En contextos espec\u00edficos de personas refugiadas a gran escala** \u2014ya sean nuevos o\nprolongados\u2014el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados establece que un Estado de acogida o un pa\u00eds de\norigen, cuando procede, particularmente necesitados de un amplio apoyo para responder a una\nsituaci\u00f3n de personas refugiadas a gran escala, podr\u00edan solicitar la activaci\u00f3n por parte del ACNUR\nde una **Plataforma de Apoyo** para apoyar sus arreglos de respuesta nacional y la implementaci\u00f3n\nde un plan integral dirigido a nivel nacional.\n\n\nUna Plataforma de Apoyo podr\u00eda reunir un grupo de Estados para galvanizar el compromiso pol\u00edtico,\nmovilizar asistencia para obtener respuestas integrales y facilitar la participaci\u00f3n temprana de actores\nde desarrollo (junto con esfuerzos humanitarios). Podr\u00eda basarse en compromisos relevantes\nadquiridos en el Foro Mundial sobre Refugiados y podr\u00eda iniciar la organizaci\u00f3n de una conferencia\nde solidaridad para ampliar la base del apoyo m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los Estados participantes en la Plataforma\nde Apoyo.\n\n\nSe podr\u00eda invitar a otras partes interesadas a participar, cuando proceda, incluyendo las\norganizaciones y foros regionales y subregionales, instituciones financieras internacionales y\nregionales, organismos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, los representantes del sector privado y\nde la sociedad civil.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, estos arreglos se podr\u00edan apoyar en una serie de **herramientas para la distribuci\u00f3n de la**\n**carga y la responsabilidad compartida** que tienen como objetivo:\n\n\n - Garantizar una **financiaci\u00f3n** oportuna, predecible, adecuada y sostenible, y el **uso efectivo y**\n**eficiente de los recursos** ;\n\n\n - Incorporar el **enfoque de asociaci\u00f3n y de m\u00faltiples partes interesadas** como el m\u00e9todo\nest\u00e1ndar de respuesta; y\n\n\n - Mejorar la disponibilidad de **datos y evidencias** fiables, comparables y oportunas.\n\n### \u2018\u00c1reas que requieren de apoyo\u2019\n\n\nCon base en las respuestas integrales pasadas y la aplicaci\u00f3n del CRRF, la segunda secci\u00f3n del\nprograma de acci\u00f3n\u2014\u2018\u00e1reas que requieren de apoyo\u2019\u2014destacan cuando la comunidad internacional\npuede canalizar \u00fatilmente el apoyo para una respuesta integral, coherente, predecible y centrada en\nlas personas a las grandes situaciones de refugiados, adaptadas al contexto espec\u00edfico y de acuerdo\ncon las estrategias y pol\u00edticas nacionales. Abarcan el ciclo completo del desplazamiento y abordan\ncuestiones, incluso la preparaci\u00f3n y la alerta temprana, acuerdos de recepci\u00f3n (incluso para aquellas\npersonas con necesidades espec\u00edficas), seguridad y protecci\u00f3n, medidas para apoyar a las personas\nrefugiadas y a las comunidades de acogida en la vida cotidiana (en \u00e1reas incluidas la educaci\u00f3n,\nmedios de vida y salud), y medidas para facilitar el acceso a las soluciones (incluida la repatriaci\u00f3n\nvoluntaria, reasentamiento y v\u00edas complementarias de admisi\u00f3n, integraci\u00f3n local y otras soluciones\nlocales). En particular, esta secci\u00f3n propone:\n\n8\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PACTO MUNDIAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS: GU\u00cdA R\u00c1PIDA DEL ACNUR\n\n\n - El establecimiento de un **Grupo de Apoyo a la Capacidad de Asilo**, compuesto por expertos de\ntodo el mundo, para brindar apoyo a las autoridades nacionales con el fin de fortalecer aspectos\nde sus sistemas de asilo con miras a garantizar su equidad, eficiencia, adaptabilidad e\nintegridad [12] ;\n\n\n_En Machha, L\u00edbano se est\u00e1 construyendo un nuevo dep\u00f3sito de agua para las personas_\n\n_refugiadas sirias y para las comunidades de acogida. El proyecto, el cual lo apoya la_\n_Uni\u00f3n Europea, ha brindado oportunidades de medios de vida a aproximadamente 200_\n\n_personas trabajadoras libanesas y sirias. \u00a9 ACNUR / Martin Dudek_\n\n - El despliegue de recursos y pericia para **apoyar y fortalecer los sistemas nacionales** de forma\nque puedan facilitar el acceso a las personas refugiadas a una variedad de sectores, incluidos\neducaci\u00f3n, medios de vida y salud; y\n\n\n - El desarrollo de una **estrategia trienal** para ampliar el acceso al reasentamiento y para aumentar\nla disponibilidad y previsibilidad de las v\u00edas complementarias de admisi\u00f3n en terceros pa\u00edses.\n\n### **\u00bfA partir de aqu\u00ed hacia d\u00f3nde vamos?**\n\n\nLa Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York prev\u00e9 que la Asamblea General considerar\u00e1 el Pacto Mundial\npropuesto por el Alto Comisionado \u2018en conjunci\u00f3n con su resoluci\u00f3n anual sobre la Oficina del Alto\nComisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados\u2019. Esta resoluci\u00f3n usualmente es adoptada\ncada mes de diciembre.\n\n\nEl Pacto Mundial representa una oportunidad \u00fanica para fortalecer la respuesta internacional a los\ngrandes movimientos de personas refugiadas y situaciones de refugiados prolongadas. Sin\nembargo, su \u00e9xito depender\u00e1 de la voluntad de la comunidad internacional para apoyar su\nimplementaci\u00f3n. La conclusi\u00f3n del texto, por lo tanto, no representa su fin, en su lugar representa\nel comienzo de un esfuerzo de la comunidad internacional para trabajar hacia los resultados\ncolectivos con un sentido compartido de direcci\u00f3n, prop\u00f3sito y rendici\u00f3n de cuentas. Es una\nherramienta de trabajo\u2014forjada en un entorno de multilateralismo cooperativo\u2014que contiene los\nelementos fundamentales para alcanzar mayores progresos hacia una distribuci\u00f3n de la carga y\nresponsabilidades m\u00e1s equitativas y predecibles hacia el futuro.\n\n\n12 Un documento no oficial sobre el Grupo de Apoyo a la Capacidad de Asilo est\u00e1 disponible en ingl\u00e9s en:\nwww.unhcr.org/formalconsultations.\n\n\n9\n\nACNUR / Septiembre de 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e218b6c0-099b-365c-92b1-6f454686c4aa/5bbe32564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_125/raw/doc_125_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_125/raw/doc_125_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ca22dc82840ec12d2a7d15c88fb6168fd7d498f9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_125/raw/doc_125_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "4 febrero 2019\n\nEntre el 21 y el 25 de enero de 2019, ACNUR M\u00e9xico y el Programa Casa Refugiados (PCR) realizaron un\nejercicio de monitoreo de necesidades protecci\u00f3n de los flujos de personas presentados entre Guatemala y\nM\u00e9xico. El ejercicio se llev\u00f3 a cabo en el paso fronterizo del puente internacional en Ciudad Hidalgo, M\u00e9xico.\nFue un esfuerzo conjunto para la implementaci\u00f3n de un piloto de la herramienta regional de monitoreo de\nprotecci\u00f3n (PMT) de ACNUR, adaptado para el contexto de Norte de Centro Am\u00e9rica. El equipo conjunto de\nmonitoreo realiz\u00f3 409 entrevistas, representando 988 personas. Aunque la muestra no fue seleccionada\nesperando ser estad\u00edsticamente representativa, dada la ausencia de un listado completo de todas las\npersonas que han llegado a Ciudad Hidalgo y el car\u00e1cter m\u00f3vil de la poblaci\u00f3n, el tama\u00f1o logrado y el haber\nseleccionado las personas o grupos entrevistados de manera aleatoria de todas aquellas observadas durante\nlos d\u00edas de monitoreo, permite tener un alto nivel confianza sobre la precisi\u00f3n de los resultados, los cuales no\nobstante deben ser tomados como indicadores generales de las caracter\u00edsticas y situaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa mayor parte del muestreo fue realizado con personas que se encontraban esperando en el Puente\nInternacional entre Guatemala y M\u00e9xico en Ciudad Hidalgo. Muchas de las personas entrevistadas hab\u00edan\nsido pre-registradas por el Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n (INM), algunas otras no hab\u00edan llegado a\u00fan a este\npunto del procedimiento. El muestreo fue realizado tambi\u00e9n en zonas del Centro de Recepci\u00f3n donde aquellas\npersonas que ya hab\u00edan pasado por el registro del INM y procedimientos ante la Comisi\u00f3n Mexicana de Ayuda\na Refugiados (COMAR) se encontraban esperando la entrega de sus tarjetas de visitante por razones\nhumanitarias o sus constancias. En este sentido, esta es una muestra representativa de la poblaci\u00f3n que\nentr\u00f3 M\u00e9xico por el puente internacional en Cuidad Hidalgo durante las fechas indicadas, no necesariamente\nde la poblaci\u00f3n total que entra a M\u00e9xico desde Centroam\u00e9rica.\n\n\n\n**12,574**\n\n\nSolicitudes de visitante por razones\nhumanitarias registradas en M\u00e9xico\nentre el 17 y el 29 de enero de\n2019, en su mayor\u00eda de personas\ndel Norte de Centro Am\u00e9rica\n(NCA) **.**\n\n\n**PERFIL DEMOGR\u00c1FICO**\n\n\n\n**409**\n\n\nEntrevistas de protecci\u00f3n\nrealizadas de manera aleatoria\npor ACNUR a personas que se\nencontraban en Ciudad Hidalgo\n(Chiapas), frontera M\u00e9xicoGuatemala, entre el 21 y el 25\nde enero.\n\n\n\n**988**\n\n\nPersonas que integran los\ncasos entrevistados, que\nincluye grupos familiares. Se\nentrevist\u00f3 a una persona por\ngrupo, indagando sobre el\nperfil de los integrantes del\ngrupo con el que viaj\u00f3.\n\n\n\nEn general, el perfil demogr\u00e1fico de la muestra es consistente con los n\u00fameros oficiales del Instituto Nacional\nde Migraci\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico para esta poblaci\u00f3n (sexo, nacionalidad, y proporci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1ez). El **75%** de las\npersonas entrevistadas son de nacionalidad hondure\u00f1a, el **13%** guatemalteca, el **9%** salvadore\u00f1a y el **3%**\nnicarag\u00fcense. El **49%** de las personas entrevistadas viaj\u00f3 sola, el **17%** en grupos familiares de 2 personas,\nel **14%** en grupos de 3 personas y el **20%** restante en grupos de 4 o m\u00e1s personas.\n\n\n\n**NACIONALIDAD**\n\n\n\n**TAMA\u00d1O DE LOS GRUPOS**\n\n**ENTREVISTADOS**\n\n\n\n**49%**\n\n\n\nHonduras\nGuatemala\n\nEl Salvador\nNicaragua\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SEXO Y EDAD**\n\n\n\n60+\n\n\n46-60\n\n\n36-45\n\n\n25-35\n\n\n18-25\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n0-4\n\n\n\n**0%**\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n**7%**\n\n\n**7%**\n\n\n**7%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n**8%**\n\n\n\n**0%**\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n\nDentro de los grupos entrevistados se encontr\u00f3 que:\n\n\n - El **35%** de las personas son mujeres, el **64%**\n\nhombres y **1%** de otro sexo;\n\n - El **31%** son ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes y el\n\n**69%** adultos;\n\n - La mayor\u00eda est\u00e1 en rangos de edad\n\nproductiva, con un **51%** de personas entre 18\ny 35 a\u00f1os.\n\n - Menos del **1%** son personas mayores de 60\na\u00f1os\n\n\n\nFemenino Masculino\n\n\nEl **93%** de las personas adultas han completado estudios de primaria, el **46%** de secundaria, y el **8%** estudios\nt\u00e9cnicos o universitarios. El **68%** indic\u00f3 estar haber estado realizando alguna actividad econ\u00f3mica en su pa\u00eds\nde origen, la gran mayor\u00eda como empleados informales, vendedores ambulantes, independientes o servicio\n\ndom\u00e9stico ( **58%** entre las tres categor\u00edas), con una minor\u00eda indicando haber sido empleado formal ( **9%** ).\n\n\n\n**NIVEL EDUCATIVO**\n\n_**(personas adultas)**_\n\n\n\n**OCUPACI\u00d3N EN PA\u00cdS DE ORIGEN**\n\n_**(personas adultas)**_\n\n\n\n\n\nUniversidad /\n\nPostgrado\n\n\n\n\n\nEstudios t\u00e9cnicos /\n\nvocacionales\n\n\n\nEscuela secundaria /\n\nbachillerato\n\n\nEscuela primaria\n\n\nNinguno\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**36%**\n\n\n\n\n\nEmpleado formal\n\nEmpleado informal\n\nIndependiente\n\nVendedor ambulante\n\nServicio domestico\n\nDesempleado\n\nEstudiante\n\nOficios de la casa\n\nOtro\n\n\n\n\n\n**NECESIDADES ESPEC\u00cdFICAS**\n\n\nPara un **18%** de las personas se identific\u00f3 alguna necesidad espec\u00edfica a partir de la entrevista. Dentro de las\nm\u00e1s frecuentes se encuentran:\n\n\n - El **13%** de las mujeres entre 12-55 a\u00f1os est\u00e1n en embarazo o periodo de lactancia;\n\n - El **8%** de las personas tiene una condici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica seria;\n\n - El **9%** de las personas entrevistadas eran cuidadores \u00fanicos de sus hijos o hijas.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, se observa que el **9%** de los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes (NNA) que integraban los grupos\nentrevistados no estaban acompa\u00f1ados o estaba separados de su padre, madre o cuidador legal,\nespec\u00edficamente: **7%** ni\u00f1os no acompa\u00f1ados y **2%** ni\u00f1os separados. Cabe se\u00f1alar que, seg\u00fan los datos\noficiales de INM, del total de 12,574 personas registradas, 2,978 fueron NNA y 100 de estos fueron registrados\ncomo NNA no acompa\u00f1ados (3% del total del NNA). El equipo de monitoreo tuvo la oportunidad de realizar\nentrevistas focalizadas a 21 de esos 100 NNA no acompa\u00f1ados registrados por las autoridades, lo que explica\nque la proporci\u00f3n de los mismos en la muestra sea superior a la registrada por el INM.\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u00daNICO CUIDADOR**\n\n\n\n**CONDICI\u00d3N M\u00c9DICA**\n\n**SERIA**\n\n\n\n**DISCAPACIDAD**\n\n\n\n**MUJER EMBARAZADA**\n\n_**(12-55 a\u00f1os)**_\n\n\n\n**MUJER LACTANTE**\n\n_**(12-55 a\u00f1os)**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**NECESIDADES DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL:** _**Motivos multicausales**_\n\n\n_**MOTIVOS DE SALIDA**_\n\n\nEn su mayor\u00eda, las personas entrevistadas reportaron una combinaci\u00f3n de motivos que los llevaron a salir de\nsu pa\u00eds de origen, incluyendo un **31%** que indic\u00f3 hasta 2 motivos distintos e incluso un **37%** qu\u00e9 indic\u00f3 3 o\nm\u00e1s motivos. Para facilitar el an\u00e1lisis, las respuestas se agruparon en tres categor\u00edas: (i) motivos relacionados\ncon las condiciones de vida (falta de empleo, bajos ingresos, falta de acceso a DESC*) y reunificaci\u00f3n familiar;\n(ii) temor por la situaci\u00f3n de violencia o temor de ser perseguidos o agredidos; y (iii) ellos o sus familiares han\nsido v\u00edctimas de violencia (extorsi\u00f3n, agresiones, violencia sexual, etc.) y amenazas.\n\n\n*Derechos econ\u00f3micos, sociales, y culturales\n\n\n\n**MOTIVOS DE SALIDA DEL PA\u00cdS DE ORIGEN**\n\n**(Combinaci\u00f3n de motivos)**\n\n\n\n**MOTIVOS DE SALIDA DEL PA\u00cdS DE ORIGEN**\n\n_**(Combinaci\u00f3n de motivos)**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**44%**\n\n\n\n**63%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLos resultados permiten observar que:\n\n\n\nViolencia\n\n\nViolencia + Condiciones\n\n\nCondiciones de vida\n\n\n\n\n - El **37%** de las personas entrevistadas indic\u00f3 que hab\u00edan salida de sus pa\u00edses por motivos relacionados\ncon condiciones de vida, sin mencionar motivos relacionados con violencia;\n\n - El **19%** indic\u00f3 que lo hab\u00edan hecho por motivos relacionados con violencia, bien sea el haber sido v\u00edctimas\nde violencia o amenazas directas ( **9%** ), o por el temor de resultar v\u00edctimas o ser perseguidos ante la\nsituaci\u00f3n de violencia generalizada ( **2%** ), o por una combinaci\u00f3n de victimizaci\u00f3n como de temor por la\nsituaci\u00f3n ( **8%** ), sin mencionar motivos relacionados con condiciones de vida;\n\n - Y el **44%** indic\u00f3 que hab\u00edan salido de sus pa\u00edses por la combinaci\u00f3n de motivos relacionados con\nviolencia (victimizaci\u00f3n o temor) y de aquellos relacionados a las condiciones de vida.\n\n\n_**En total, el 63% de las personas entrevistadas indic\u00f3 que el haber sido v\u00edctima y/o el temor por la**_\n_**situaci\u00f3n de la violencia formaron parte de las razones que motivaron su salida.**_\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**RIESGOS AL RETORNO**_\n\n\nEn las entrevistas tambi\u00e9n se indag\u00f3 sobre los riesgos que la persona entrevistada tendr\u00eda si tuviera que\n\nregresar a su pa\u00eds de origen. Como en el caso de motivos de salida, las personas reportaron una combinaci\u00f3n\nde riesgos, los cu\u00e1les fueron agrupados en tres categor\u00edas: (i) riesgos por falta de acceso a DESC* (alimentos,\n\ntrabajo, servicios de salud); (ii) riesgos por la situaci\u00f3n de violencia generalizada en sus lugares de origen; y\n(iii) riesgos espec\u00edficos contra su vida, integridad o libertad a causa de amenazas.\n\n\n*Derechos econ\u00f3micos, sociales, y culturales\n\n\n\n**RIESGOS EN CASO DE TENER QUE RETORNAR**\n\n_**(Combinaci\u00f3n de riesgos)**_\n\n\n\n**RIESGOS EN CASO DE TENER QUE RETORNAR**\n\n_**(Combinaci\u00f3n de riesgos)**_\n\n\n\n**Riesgo por falta de**\n\n\n\nRiesgo por violencia\n\n\nRiesgo por violencia\n+ Riesgos por falta\nde acceso a DESC*\n\n\nRiesgo por falta de\nacceso a DESC*\n\n\n\n**34%**\n\n\n**30%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**integridad o libertad**\n\n\n\n*Derechos sociales, econ\u00f3micos, y culturales\n\n\nLos resultados permiten observar que:\n\n\n - El **30%** de las personas entrevistadas indic\u00f3 que tendr\u00edan riesgos relacionados con falta de acceso a\nderechos econ\u00f3mico y sociales, sin mencionar riesgos relacionados con violencia;\n\n - El **34%** indic\u00f3 que tendr\u00edan riesgos contra su vida, integridad o libertad dado situaciones de amenazas o\npersecuci\u00f3n que hab\u00edan experimentado o debido a la situaci\u00f3n de violencia en sus pa\u00edses;\n\n - Y el **36%** indic\u00f3 que tendr\u00edan tanto riesgos relacionados con falta de acceso a derechos econ\u00f3micos o\nsociales como riesgos contra su vida, integridad o libertad dado situaciones de amenazas o persecuci\u00f3n\nque hab\u00edan experimentado o debido a la situaci\u00f3n de violencia en sus pa\u00edses;\n\n\n_**En total, el**_ _**70% de las personas entrevistadas indic\u00f3 que tendr\u00eda un riesgo contra su vida,**_\n_**integridad o libertad y/o que estar\u00eda en riesgo por la situaci\u00f3n de violencia en su pa\u00eds de origen**_ .\n\n\nLa discrepancia entre el porcentaje de personas que indicaron motivos de salida relacionados con violencia\n( **63%** ) y aqu\u00e9l de personas que indicaron temor de regresar a su pa\u00eds por motivos relacionados con violencia\n( **70%** ), se asemeja a los resultaos del estudio realizado Matthew James Lorenzen sobre Ni\u00f1ez No\nAcompa\u00f1ada de Centro Am\u00e9rica en M\u00e9xico. [1] En este estudio la proporci\u00f3n de NNA que respondieron tener\nmiedo de regresar a su pa\u00eds tambi\u00e9n fue mayor que el porcentaje de los que aseguraron que la violencia fue\nuna de las causas que obligaron su salida del pa\u00eds de origen. Ambos hallazgos refuerzan la importancia en la\ndecisi\u00f3n metodol\u00f3gica de incluir ambas preguntas - causas de salida y riesgos en caso de retorno al pa\u00eds de\n\n\n1 Lorenzen, M. J. (s/f). Caracter\u00edsticas, tendencias y causas de la migraci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes desde, hacia y en tr\u00e1nsito por M\u00e9xico,\n2011-2016, incluido en la compilaci\u00f3n editada por el CONAPO. En CONAPO (Ed.), La situaci\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica de M\u00e9xico 2016 (pp. 183\u2013207).\nRecuperado a partir de https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/232084/08_Lorenzen.pdf\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "origen- para lograr una mejor estimaci\u00f3n de la magnitud de las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional de\npersonas extranjeras en M\u00e9xico.\n\n\nEn todo caso, es importante resaltar que, para la mayor\u00eda, la violencia y/o el temor de persecuci\u00f3n se\npresentaron como una de las razones para no regresar al pa\u00eds de origen. Eso puede indicar que aun si las\n\npersonas pueden ver la oportunidad de conseguir un mejor trabajo o acceso a derechos econ\u00f3micos y\nsociales como parte de su decisi\u00f3n de salida, la situaci\u00f3n de violencia presenta una gran motivaci\u00f3n para no\n\nvolver, sumado a que las condiciones de seguridad y sus experiencias con violencia han venido empeorando\ncon el tiempo.\n\n\n**INTENCIONES**\n\n\nEn cuanto a preferencias de residencia, el **46%** de las personas indic\u00f3 que prefer\u00edan reubicarse dentro de\n\nM\u00e9xico, el **30%** que quisiera ir a otro pa\u00eds, el **13%** quedarse en la ubicaci\u00f3n actual (Chiapas, M\u00e9xico) y el **9%**\n\nno lo sab\u00edan a\u00fan. S\u00f3lo el **2%** report\u00f3 querer regresar a su pa\u00eds.\n\n\nDe los que indicaron querer ir a otro pa\u00eds, el **98%** indic\u00f3 que ser\u00eda Estados Unidos. Por su parte, de los que\n\nindicaron querer reubicarse dentro de M\u00e9xico, los Estados m\u00e1s frecuentemente reportados fueron: Ciudad de\n\nM\u00e9xico ( **27%** ), Baja California ( **19%** ), Nuevo Le\u00f3n ( **18%** ).\n\n\n\nCiudad de Mexico\n\n\nBaja California\n\n\nNuevo Leon\n\n\nChiapas\n\n\nCoahuila de Zaragoza\n\n\nBaja California Sur\n\n\nChihuahua\n\n\nJalisco\n\n\nTamaulipas\n\n\nOtros\n\n\n\n**ESTADO DONDE LE GUSTAR\u00cdA REUBICARSE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**27%**\n\n\n\nReubicarse\ndentro del pa\u00eds\n\n\nIr a un tercer pa\u00eds\n\n\nQuedarme aqu\u00ed\n\n\nNo lo s\u00e9\n\n\nRegresar a casa\n\n\n\n**DONDE LE GUSTAR\u00cdA QUEDARSE**\n\n\n**46%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NECESIDADES PRIORITARIAS**\n\n\nEn cuanto a las necesidades prioritarias, la\n\nde mayor frecuencia indicada por las\n\npersonas entrevistadas fue el acceso a\n\ntrabajo ( **75%** ), seguida de alimentaci\u00f3n\n\n( **44%** ), acceso a vivienda ( **35%),**\n\nregularizaci\u00f3n ( **32%** ), poder apoyar\n\necon\u00f3micamente a sus familiares en pa\u00eds de\n\norigen ( **23%** ) **,** acceso a salud ( **19%** ) **,**\n\ntransporte ( **13%** ) y acceso a educaci\u00f3n\n\n( **13%** ).\n\n\n**CAR\u00c1CTER\u00cdSTICAS DEL TR\u00c1NSITO**\n\n\n\n**NECESIDADES PRIORITARIAS**\n_**(Hasta 3 respuestas posibles por grupo)**_\n\n\n\nAcceso a trabajo\n\nAlimentaci\u00f3n\nAcceso a vivienda\nRegularizaci\u00f3n de estad\u00eda legal\n\nEnviar remesas\n\nAcceso a salud\n\nTransporte\nAcceso a educaci\u00f3n\n\nOtro\nApoyo asistencia material\n\nDocumentos\nReunificaci\u00f3n familiar\nAsesor\u00eda legal / de protecci\u00f3n\n\nAcceso a justicia\n\n\n\n\n\nEl **45%** de las personas entrevistadas report\u00f3 haber viajado s\u00f3lo ella o con su grupo familiar, el **35%** en\ngrandes grupos (caravanas) y el **20%** con otras personas o grupos. Los medios de transporte utilizados con\nmayor frecuencia durante cualquier parte del trayecto fueron: bus con el **80%** de los entrevistados; caminando\n\ncon el **51%** de los entrevistados **;** - por auto-stop con el **39%.**\n\n\n\n**CON QUI\u00c9N VIAJARON**\n\n\n\n**MEDIOS DE TRANSPORTE**\n_**(M\u00e1s de una respuesta posible)**_\n\n\n\nS\u00f3lo la persona o\ngrupo familiar\n\nEn grandes grupos\n(caravanas)\n\nCon otras personas\n\n- grupos\n\n\n\n**80%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBus Caminando Auto stop Otros\n\n\n\nEl **25%** report\u00f3 haber sido v\u00edctima o testigo de alg\u00fan incidente de violencia\n\n- abusos en la ruta entre su pa\u00eds de origen y su llegada a M\u00e9xico. La\nmayor\u00eda de los incidentes reportados ocurrieron en Honduras (58%) y\nGuatemala (28%).\n\n\n\n**V\u00cdCTIMA DE VIOLENCIA**\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACCESO AL SISTEMA DE ASILO**\n\n\nEl **7%** de las personas entrevistadas (29 de 409) indic\u00f3 haber solicitado asilo en M\u00e9xico. Ahora bien, al analizar\n\u00fanicamente el 70% de la muestra correspondiente a personas que indicaron temor de regresar a su pa\u00eds de\n\norigen debido a riesgos contra su vida o integridad o temor de persecuci\u00f3n, se encuentra que la proporci\u00f3n\nque hab\u00eda solicitado asilo era del **12%** de estos casos. De aquellos que no lo hab\u00edan hecho, se observa que\n\nlas principales razones de no hacerlo tienen que ver con: desconocimiento o falta de informaci\u00f3n ( **45%** ), por\nestar en tr\u00e1nsito hacia otro lugar / pa\u00eds ( **29%** ); est\u00e1n considerando hacerlo ( **7%** ); porque no lo ven necesario\n\n- no le ven el valor a\u00f1adido ( **7%** ); o porque el procedimiento es largo ( **5%** ).\n\n\n\n**SOLICITUD DE ASILO EN MEXICO**\n\n\n\n**RAZONES DE NO SOLICITAR ASILO**\n\n\n\n**45%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Sobre el total de personas que indicaron\ntemor de regresar a su pa\u00eds.\n\n\n\nDesconocimiento / falta de inform.\n\nPorque est\u00e1 en tr\u00e1nsito\n\nEst\u00e1n considerando aplicar\n\nEl procedimiento es largo\n\nNo veo el valor a\u00f1adido\nNo le interesa / no es necesario\n\nNo podr\u00eda regresar a su pa\u00eds\n\nPiensa aplicar en otro pa\u00eds\n\nOtros\n\n\n\nIgualmente, para aquellos que no hab\u00edan solicitado asilo, al preguntarles si ten\u00edan intenci\u00f3n de hacerlo el **32%**\nindic\u00f3 que s\u00ed lo pensaban hacer en M\u00e9xico, el **18%** en otro pa\u00eds, el **38%** indic\u00f3 no saberlo a\u00fan y el **12%** que\nno ten\u00edan intenci\u00f3n. El **97%** de los que indicaron querer hacerlo en otro pa\u00eds reportaron que ser\u00eda en Estados\nUnidos. Por su parte, de aquellos que tienen intenci\u00f3n de solicitarlo en M\u00e9xico, el **22%** indic\u00f3 que lo har\u00eda en\nCiudad de M\u00e9xico, el **15%** en Chiapas, el **15%** en Nuevo Le\u00f3n, el **14%** en Baja California, el **5%** en Chihuahua\ny **5%** en San Luis Potos\u00ed, entre otros.\n\n\n\n**INTENCI\u00d3N DE SOLICITAR**\n\n**ASILO**\n\n\n\n**ESTADO DONDE TIENE INTENCI\u00d3N DE SOLICITAR ASILO EN**\n\n**MEXICO**\n\n\n\n**22%**\n\n\n\nNo\n\n\nNo sabe\n\n\n**Contacto**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCiudad de Mexico\n\nChiapas\n\nNuevo Leon\n\nBaja California\n\nChihuahua\nSan Luis Potosi\n\nCampeche\n\nBaja California Sur\n\nCoahuila de Zaragoza\n\nOtro Estado\n\n\n\n\n\nSi usted desea obtener mayor informaci\u00f3n del trabajo de ACNUR en M\u00e9xico, ponemos a su disposici\u00f3n el\ncontacto de nuestros oficiales de informaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica:\n\n\n\nSilvia Gardu\u00f1o\ngarduno@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nDaniel D\u00edaz\ndiazmayo@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nPierre-Marc Rene\nrene@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/mexico 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e65d88c-53af-397a-8634-8046c2f6812b/5c59d76e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_126/raw/doc_126_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_126/raw/doc_126_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 63f5b089df7f848c02b75d31d494a1e9b4af4c5a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_126/raw/doc_126_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "January 2019\n\n# Ending childhood statelessness in Europe\n\n\n\nStatelessness hinders children from realising their rights. The\nfact that there are many children who are stateless or at risk\nof becoming stateless in Europe is therefore a serious concern.\nWhile not a new phenomenon, the numbers of children\nconcerned have been rising due the high arrivals of refugees\nand migrants in Europe in 2015/2016 [1] . States have clear legal\nobligations resulting from the ratification of relevant\ninternational and regional treaties to prevent childhood\nstatelessness and to take action to resolve existing cases.\nMoreover, Governments committed in the 2030 Sustainable\nDevelopment Agenda to achieve \u2018legal identity for all,\nincluding birth registration\u2019 (SDG Target 16.9), which has\npositioned the prevention and reduction of statelessness as a\ndevelopment issue.\n\n\nThis is a call to urgent action by States and regional\norganisations to bring an end to childhood statelessness. The\nissue is not insurmountable, and can be addressed by a series of\nlow-cost, effective and sustainable solutions.\n\n\nBeing nobody\n\n\nStateless children are not recognized as nationals by any\nState\u2019s domestic law. Children who are stateless feel the\nimpact in their daily lives in profound ways. Discrimination\nbased on statelessness, including limited access to critical\nservices such as education and health care, can expose\nchildren to protection risks including violence, abuse,\ntrafficking and other forms of exploitation. As they lack civil\ndocumentation, stateless children and their families face the\nrisk of arrest and detention. Living in limbo and constant\n\n\n\nuncertainty, in the absence of a legal status, also bears a\ndetrimental psychological impact for stateless children and\ntheir families.\n\n\n\u2018I want them to have what I did not have. I don\u2019t want\nthem to live my life [\u2026] I am nobody. If I disappeared\nfrom the face of the Earth, nobody would have known.\u2019\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 Ionela, Romania, mother of stateless Roma children\n\n\nStates\u2019 obligations to prevent childhood statelessness and to\ntake actions to resolve existing cases derive from both\ninternational and European law. As parties to the UN\nConvention on the Rights of the Child and the International\nCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, States are obliged to\nensure that each child is registered immediately after birth\nand has the right to acquire a nationality. [2] Under the UN\nConvention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, States\nmust protect stateless children and facilitate their\nnaturalisation. To do so, States should develop procedures to\nidentify stateless persons. [3] The UN Convention on the\nReduction of Statelessness [4] and the European Convention on\nNationality set out safeguards to ensure that foundlings and\nchildren born stateless in a territory acquire nationality. [5]\n\n\nStateless children in Europe\n\n\nThree groups of children are particularly affected by\nstatelessness in Europe.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **Stateless children who come to Europe, mostly as**\n\n**refugee and migrant children, originating from**\n**countries with known stateless populations.** As the\noverall number of asylum-seeking children in Europe has\ngrown over the past few years\u2013 with a peak in 2015 and\n2016 \u2013 so has the number of children identified as\n\u2018stateless\u2019. As seen in Table 1, in 2017 over 2,000 children\nwho applied for asylum were registered as \u2018stateless\u2019.\nThis represents a fourfold increase of first-time asylum\napplications in the EU by children recorded as \u2018stateless\u2019\ncompared to 2010. Yet, in 2015 this number exceeded\n6,000. Some of these children come from countries with\nknown stateless populations.\n\n\n**2.** **Children who are born stateless in Europe due to lack**\n\n**of legal safeguards against statelessness and other**\n**practical obstacles.** This includes children who cannot\ninherit their parents\u2019 nationality due to gender\ndiscrimination, gaps in nationality laws, or other legal and\nadministrative obstacles, and children inheriting their\nparents\u2019 statelessness. As a result of the dissolution of the\nformer Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, for example, at\nleast 10,000 people remain affected by or are at risk of\nstatelessness in the Western Balkans, while the 2001\npopulation census in Ukraine recorded over 17,500\nstateless children.\n\n\n**3.** **Children born in Europe are at heightened risk of**\n\n**statelessness due to a lack of birth registration.** This\nincludes especially children of vulnerable minority\npopulations like the Roma both in EU member states and\nEU candidate and potential candidate countries.\n\n\n\u2018We did not go to school because we had to work with\nmy uncle in order to survive. It is not easy. I have been\nstopped by the police many times and threatened to\nbe arrested and fined, because I did not have an\nidentity card. I lived in fear.\u2019\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 Raman, born and raised stateless in Serbia, before\n\nhe acquired documents confirming his identity\n\n\n**No child should be stateless. With the appropriate legal**\n**and policy response, States can prevent and end child**\n**statelessness in Europe.**\n\n\nSituation 1: Stateless children arriving in Europe\n\n\n**Ahmed**\n\n\nAfter a perilous sea journey, 16 year-old Ahmed arrived in\nEurope in the summer of 2017 as an unaccompanied child. His\nmother lives in Kuwait and his father is a recognized refugee\n\n\n\nin bthe United Kingdom. Ahmed and his family are Bidoon, a\nknown stateless population mostly found in the Gulf States.\nThough Ahmed lived in Kuwait all his life, he was not granted\nnationality. When he arrived in Europe, he informed the\nauthorities of his situation but he was wrongly registered as\nan Iraqi national.\n\n\nIt is important to record the possible statelessness of refugee\nand migrant children from the moment of arrival.\nStatelessness may affect the outcome of their asylum claim.\nStatelessness may establish the risk of persecution in their\ncountry of origin as required by the 1951 Convention relating\nto the Status of Refugees; or the need for subsidiary\nprotection. Furthermore, countries of origin may not be willing\nto readmit a child following the rejection of his/her asylum\napplication and when return is considered in the best interests\nof the child if s/he is not considered a national of that country.\n\n\nThe actual number of children who arrived or are born\nstateless in Europe is unknown. Border guards, police,\nimmigration, asylum or civil registration officials may not be\nfamiliar with statelessness or are not equipped/authorized to\nidentify and determine people as stateless. Consequently,\nchildren may end up being registered as nationals of their\ncountry of origin or as \u2018nationality unknown\u2019. Table 1 shows\nthe considerable increase since 2013 in children seeking\nasylum in the EU registered under \u201cnationality unknown\u201d.\n\n\n**Table 1. First time asylum applications in the**\n\n**EU by children recorded as stateless or of**\n\n**unknown nationality**\n\n\nSource: Eurostat\n\n\n2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017\n\n\nStateless Unknown nationality\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Once possible statelessness is recorded, a proper assessment\nof a child\u2019s nationality or statelessness should take place. This\nrequires dedicated procedures with procedural safeguards\nand specialized staff trained in making such assessments.\nMany States lack a formal procedure to determine\nstatelessness. When a child who was displaced or migrated to\nEurope is determined to be stateless, he or she should have\naccess to rights and protection as per the Convention of the\nRights of the Child and the Convention relating to the Status\nof Stateless Persons. This includes access to facilitated\nnaturalization. [6] Only twelve countries of arrival, transit or\ndestination in the region have dedicated statelessness\ndetermination procedures in place. [7]\n\n\nScenario 2: Children born stateless in Europe\n\n\n**Stera and Mohamed**\n\n\nStera (12) and Mohamed (9) were born stateless in Europe.\nEven though they speak English like all their friends, they\nrealize they are different as they do not have the same access\nto services as their peers. They do not have a nationality\nbecause their father is a stateless Kurd who fled Syria, and\ntheir mother is a Syrian national. Under Syrian nationality law,\nmothers can confer nationality only in exceptional cases: if the\nchild was born in Syria and the father does not establish\nfiliation in relation to the child. However, due to the stigma\nassociated with having a child out of marriage, the exception\nis often not applied in practice. [8 ]\n\n\n\u00a9 Darrin Zammit Lupi / Islelanders Project supported by UNHCR\n\nChildren born in Europe to refugee or migrant parents may\ninherit their parents\u2019 statelessness. In addition, when women\nare unable to pass on their nationality to their children\nbecause of discriminatory laws in their countries of origin, and\nthose children do not acquire nationality from their father,\nthey are born stateless- highlighting the need to remove\ngender discrimination from nationality legislation. This may be\nthe case when the father cannot transfer nationality because\nhe is stateless, has died, has abandoned or been separated\n\n\n\nfrom the family or is unwilling or unable to do so. [9] If the\nnationality law and practice of the European country of birth\ndoes not provide a safeguard for children born stateless in\nthat country, these children will remain stateless for an\nextended period of time, or even their entire lives. [10]\n\n\nThe nationality laws of 17 European States automatically\nprovide nationality to a child who would otherwise be\nstateless and is born on their territory [11], even if further efforts\nare needed when it comes to the implementation of these\nlaws in practice. In other European countries, nationality laws\nimpose requirements for the acquisition of nationality by the\nchild born stateless that are not permitted under the\nConvention on the Reduction of Statelessness, thereby\nexcluding a number of children, like those in an irregular\nmigratory situation. [12]\n\n\nScenario 3: Statelessness and lack of birth\nregistration\n\n\n**The Elsanis**\n\n\nThe Elsanis are a Roma family of eight who live in a settlement\njust outside a coastal town in a successor State to the former\nYugoslavia. They are part of a group of over 1,000 people who\nspent years without formal recognition of their identity\nfollowing the war in Kosovo (UN Security Council Resolution\n1244/1999). Having fled without documents, they were unable\nto prove their identities. Without documents, the parents\ncould not register the births of their children. For years, the\nchildren could not access education, employment or health\ncare. Now they finally have birth registration and identity\ndocuments, and a pathway to citizenship, ending the\nuncertainty that kept the family deprived of basic human\nrights for almost two decades.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR / Miomir Laban\n\nDespite high birth registration rates in Europe, not all children\nborn in Europe are registered at birth. Although birth\nregistration and acquisition of nationality are two separate\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "processes, birth registration facilitates the acquisition of\nnationality. Birth registration documents where a child was\nborn and who the child\u2019s parents are, key pieces of\ninformation needed to establish which nationality a child has\nacquired or can acquire. Without a birth certificate, it is\ndifficult to prove that the child has the relevant link to a State\nthat entitles him or her to nationality. This creates a risk of\nstatelessness for certain groups whose entitlement to\nnationality might be called into question, for example minority\ngroups, border-dwelling and nomadic communities, refugees\nand migrants. [13]\n\n\nIn Europe, children may end up not being registered at birth [14]\nwhen born outside medical centres, or when their parents are\nin an irregular migration situation and refrain from registration\nout of fear of being arrested, detained or deported. [15] Birth\nregistration is also hampered when undocumented parents\nare requested to submit their own identity documents and\nthey themselves were not registered at birth. [16]\n\n\nThe lack of birth registration is a problem especially among\nRoma communities. Data shows those living in informal\nsettlements and in extreme poverty are less likely to register\ntheir children. This is a result of social marginalization,\ncompounded by factors related to the dissolution of the\nformer Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, discrimination,\nand displacement due to the conflicts that affected the region.\nDespite efforts by many States, the EU and other institutions,\nthousands of children across Europe remain legally invisible,\nlacking papers to prove their existence or nationality and are\nhindered in exercising their rights. [17]\n\n\n\u00a9 UNICEF/UN0213863/Filippov\n\nOngoing UNHCR and UNICEF efforts\n\n\nUNHCR and UNICEF are in the frontline of many efforts aimed\nat addressing childhood statelessness in Europe. [18] In 2014,\nUNHCR launched the #IBelong Campaign to End\nStatelessness by 2024. [19] A global High-Level Meeting on\nStatelessness during UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee meeting\nin October 2019 will mark the mid-point of the Campaign and\nassess achievements to date, showcase good practices and\n\n\n\nallow for pledges to address statelessness by States. UNHCR\ncounts on European States to play an active role in the leadup to the High-Level Meeting and to deliver concrete pledges\nso that the goal of ending statelessness is achieved by 2024.\n\n\nUNICEF advocates for the right to legal identity for every child\nand has worked closely with States in the region to pursue the\nregistration of every child at birth.\n\n\nBoth UN agencies support States in reviewing legislation and\npolicies to bring them in line with their international\nobligations regarding the right of every child to acquire a\nnationality.\n\n\n\nIn December 2016, UNHCR and UNICEF launched the\nCoalition on Every Child\u2019s Right to a Nationality. The Coalition\naims to expand and strengthen international co-operation to\nraise awareness about and combat childhood statelessness, as\nwell as promote the right of every child to acquire a\nnationality. Through advocacy, communication, cooperation\nand coordination, the Coalition seeks to:\n\n\n - Ensure that no child is born stateless;\n\n - Eliminate laws and practices that deny children\nnationality on discriminatory grounds;\n\n - Remove gender discrimination from nationality laws;\n\n - Improve birth registration to prevent statelessness; and\n\n - Encourage States to accede to the UN Statelessness\nConventions.\n\n\nIn the European context, the identification and protection of\nstateless children is a key area of importance. Thus far, joint\nUNHCR-UNICEF strategies have been developed in Albania,\nBosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo (UN Security Council\nResolution 1244/1999), the former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia, Montenegro, Norway, and Serbia.\n\n\nAdvancing the agenda\n\n\nHowever, more can and should be done. With Governments\ncommitting through the Sustainable Development Goals to\nprovide legal identity for all, including birth registration as per\nSDG 16.9, UNHCR and UNICEF call for revitalised efforts to\naddress childhood statelessness in Europe.\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNICEF and UNHCR call on European states to take the**\n**following actions:**\n\n\n**1.** **Ensure every stateless refugee or migrant child is**\n\n**properly identified and protected.**\n\n\n\n\n- Accede to the UN Convention Relating to the Status of\nStateless Persons and implement its provisions. [22 ]\n\n\n**2.** **Adopt safeguards to prevent statelessness at birth.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Ensure that potentially stateless children are recorded as\nsuch upon arrival and that their possible statelessness is\ngiven due consideration within asylum and civil\nregistration procedures while prohibiting the sharing and\nuse of the personal data collected for other purposes [20] ;\n\n\n- Establish a formal statelessness determination procedure in\norder to properly identify and protect stateless children and\nenable them to access specific rights and services, learning\nfrom countries that have such procedures in place [21] ;\n\n\n- Improve data collection and analysis on statelessness\nand its impact on children to better shape legislation,\npolicies and practices;\n\n\n- Review and amend legislation, policies and practices\nacross sectors so that all stateless children in the territory\ncan enjoy their rights and access services as per the\nConvention on the Rights of the Child;\n\n\n- Enhance the protection of identified stateless children by\nstrengthening resources and skills in the child protection\nsector, enabling qualified social workers to intervene and\nsupport the child from the earliest stage of identification;\n\n\n- Invest in training of judges and caseworkers involved in\nstatelessness determination, and of law enforcement,\nimmigration, asylum and civil registry officials who work\nwith stateless persons;\n\n\n- Simplify requirements and procedures for naturalisation\nfor stateless children, and provide legal aid and support\nto stateless children to realise their right to acquire a\nnationality as soon as possible; and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Accede to the Convention on the Reduction of\nStatelessness and amend legislation [23] accordingly in\norder to grant nationality automatically at birth or as\nsoon as possible after birth to children born stateless in the\nterritory; and\n\n\n- Strengthen the role of European regional bodies and\ninstitutions to address childhood statelessness in Europe\nand abroad.\n\n\n\n\n\n**3.** **Ensure every child is properly registered at birth.**\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Reach out to stateless, at risk of stateless or marginalised\ncommunities through awareness raising campaigns and\nsocial work, identify children who are not registered at\nbirth and assist the child and his/her family with the\nregistration procedures;\n\n\n - Ensure that for every child born on their territory, a birth\ncertificate is issued, regardless of the child\u2019s and parents\u2019\nethnicity, nationality, documentation or migration status;\nand\n\n\n - Improve data collection and analysis on the situation of\nchildren not registered at birth and advocate for gaps in\nbirth registration to be closed through legislation,\npolicies and practice.\n\n\n**The European Union, the Council of Europe and the**\n**Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe are**\n**all crucial players in these joint efforts to address**\n**childhood statelessness. They can further strengthen their**\n**commitments by:**\n\n\n - Strengthening the Council of Europe and OSCE\u2019s\ncapacity to monitor and report on State\u2019s actions in\nregard to regional commitments and frameworks to\naddress childhood statelessness; and\n\n\n - Developing an EU strategy to address statelessness,\nwithin the European Union and beyond, building upon\nthe full set of EU policy and funding tools, both in EU\ninternal and external action;\n\n\n\n\n- [Monitoring the implementation of the European Council](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/04-council-adopts-conclusions-on-statelessness/)\n[conclusions on statelessness by providing a biannual](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/04-council-adopts-conclusions-on-statelessness/)\nreport on progress addressing statelessness;\n\n\n- Ensuring specialized agencies such as Frontex, EASO and\nthe Fundamental Rights Agency systematically include\nthe identification, recording and protection of stateless\nchildren and the prevention of statelessness in their work;\n\n\n- Supporting, through the wide range of EU funding\ninstruments, the further development and functionality\nof civil registry systems, including birth registration, to\nensure every child is registered at birth;\n\n\n- Addressing childhood statelessness in bilateral and\nmultilateral discussions with countries of origin, transit\nand destination as per the EU\u2019s Global Approach to\nMigration and Mobility [24 ] and its Framework for raising\nstatelessness with third countries [25] ;\n\n\n- Systematically promoting the rights of stateless children\nand the access to birth registration and civil registration\ndocuments in the negotiations with EU accession\ncountries and in relation to countries that have signed EU\nAssociation Agreements; and\n\n\n- Including the needs of stateless children and those at risk\nof statelessness in ongoing work on Roma integration\nunder the EU Framework for National Roma Integration\nStrategies up to 2020 and beyond.\n\n\n\n**Annex 1**\n**European State Parties to relevant international and regional instruments as of October 2018**\n\n\n**Convention** **State Parties**\n\n\n\n**Convention relating to the**\n**Status of Stateless Persons**\n28 September 1954\n\n\n**Convention on the**\n**Reduction of Statelessness**\n30 August 1961\n\n\n**Convention on the Rights**\n**of the Child**\n20 November 1989\n\n\n\nAlbania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,\nDenmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,\nLithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania,\nSerbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\nUkraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\n\n\nAlbania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,\nDenmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,\nLuxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Serbia,\nSlovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\n\n\nAlbania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,\nCroatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary,\nIceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands,\nNorway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia,\nSlovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine,\nUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Council of Europe, European**\n**Convention on Nationality**\n6 November 1997\n\n\n**Council of Europe,**\n**Convention on the**\n**avoidance of statelessness in**\n**relation to State succession**\n19 May 2006\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\n\n\nAlbania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary,\nIceland, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovak Republic,\nSweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine\n\n\nAustria, Hungary, Luxemburg, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Republic of Moldova\n\n\n\n1 UNICEF, Uprooted; the Growing Crisis for Refugee and Migrant Children,\nSeptember 2016, available at [www.unicef.org/publications/files/Uprooted_gr](http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Uprooted_growing_crisis_for_refugee_and_migrant_children.pdf)\n[owing_crisis_for_refugee_and_migrant_children.pdf.](http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Uprooted_growing_crisis_for_refugee_and_migrant_children.pdf)\n\n2 See also the Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the\nProtection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families\nand No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State\nobligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of\ninternational migration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return,\n16 November 2017, CMW/C/GC/4CRC/C/GC/23, available at: www.refwold.org\n[/docid/5a12942a2b.html.](http://www.refwold.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html)\n\n3 For more about the definition of a stateless person, statelessness\ndetermination procedures and the rights of stateless persons, see UNHCR,\nHandbook on Protection of Stateless Persons, 30 June 2014, available at:\n[www.refworld.org/docid/53b676aa4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53b676aa4.html)\n\n4 There were 61 states party to the 1961 Convention in November 2014 when\nteams at UNHCR launched the Campaign to End Statelessness in 10 Years.\nAmong them 32 are in Europe.\n\n5 For more information on safeguards to prevent childhood statelessness\nunder the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, see UNHCR,\nGuidelines on Statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every Child's Right to Acquire a\nNationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of\nStatelessness, 21 December 2012, HCR/GS/12/04, available at: [www.refworld.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html)\n[org/docid/50d460c72.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html)\n\n6 See note 4 above.\n\n7 Countries and territories in Europe with a statelessness determination\nprocedure include: Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo (UN\nSecurity Council Resolution 1244/1999), Latvia, Montenegro, the Republic of\nMoldova, Spain, Turkey and the UK. See for more information UNHCR, Good\nPractices Paper \u2013 Action 6: Establishing Statelessness Determination\nProcedures\n\n[d/57836cff4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/57836cff4.html)\n\n8 Worldwide, 25 countries have nationality laws that do not allow women to\npass their nationality to their children on the same basis as men. See for more\nUNHCR, Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and\nStatelessness 2018, 8 March 2018, available at: [www.refworld.org/docid/5aa1](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5aa10fd94.html)\n[0fd94.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5aa10fd94.html)\n\n9 Ibid.\n\n10 See for more UNHCR, Guidelines on Statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every\nChild's Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961\nConvention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 21 December 2012,\n[HCR/GS/12/04, available at: www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html)\n\n11 Armenia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Finland, France,\nGreece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Moldova, Montenegro, Portugal,\nSlovakia, Spain and Turkey.\n\n12 See for more about causes of childhood statelessness in Europe: European\nNetwork on Statelessness, No Child Should be Stateless, September 2015,\n[available at: www.refworld.org/docid/5729b6d54.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5729b6d54.html)\n\n13 Worldwide, 290 million children do not possess a birth certificate, and nearly\n230 million children under the age of five have never been registered at birth.\nThe vast majority of unregistered children are born in the South Asian and\n\n\n\nsub-Saharan Africa regions and countries dealing with armed conflict or civil\nwar make up the majority of the countries with the lowest birth registration.\n[See UNICEF at: www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58010.html.](http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58010.html)\n\n14 Based on MICS 2011-2014, the percentage of children under the age of 5\nwhose births are reported as registered may vary among minority ethnic\ngroups, such as Roma, In Serbia, for example, while 99.4 per cent of children\nunder 5 of the national population had their birth registered, among Roma\nchildren within the same age group, this percentage was 95.30%. Similarly, in\nMontenegro, this ratio was 99.5 per cent for national children versus 94.5 per\ncent for children from Roma communities.\n\n15 See also Liliana Keith, Risks of statelessness for children of undocumented\nparents in Europe, 2017, available at: [www.statelessness.eu/blog/risks-](http://www.statelessness.eu/blog/risks-statelessness-children-undocumented-parents-europe)\n[statelessness-children-undocumented-parents-europe.](http://www.statelessness.eu/blog/risks-statelessness-children-undocumented-parents-europe)\n\n16 See also UNHCR, Good Practices Paper - Action 7: Ensuring birth\nregistration\nfor the prevention of statelessness, November 2017, available at: [www.refwo](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a0ac8f94.html)\n[rld.org/docid/5a0ac8f94.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a0ac8f94.html)\n\n17 See also UNHCR, \"This is Our Home\" Stateless Minorities and their Search\nfor Citizenship, 3 November 2017, available at: [www.refworld.org/docid/59e](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e4a6534.html)\n[4a6534.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/59e4a6534.html)\n\n18 Since 1995, the mandate of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees has\nbeen expanded by the UN General Assembly to include responsibilities\nrelated to non-refugee stateless persons and prevention and reduction of\nstatelessness more broadly. These resolutions are universal in scope and do\nnot restrict UNHCR\u2019s activities to those states which are party to the\nstatelessness conventions.\n\n19 The UNHCR Global Action Plan to End Statelessness 2014 \u2013 2024 establishes\na guiding framework of 10 Actions to be undertaken by States to resolve\nexisting major situations of statelessness, prevent new cases from emerging\nand better identify and protect stateless populations. Available at:\n[www.refworld.org/docid/545b47d64.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/545b47d64.html)\n\n20 See Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection\nof the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No.\n22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general\nprinciples regarding the human rights of children in the context of\ninternational migration, 16 November 2017, CMW/C/GC/3CRC/C/GC/22, available at: [www.refworld.org/docid/5a1293a24.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a1293a24.html)\n\n21 See for more on statelessness determination procedures and the status of\nstateless persons: UNHCR, Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons, 30\n[June 2014, available at: www.refworld.org/docid/53b676aa4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53b676aa4.html)\n\n22 See Annex 1 for the State Parties to the UN Convention Relating to the\nStatus of Stateless Persons.\n\n23 See Annex 1 for the State Parties to the UN Convention on the Reduction\nof Statelessness.\n\n24 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the\nCouncil, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee\nof the Regions, The Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, 18 November\n2011, available at: [eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0743&from=EN)\n[52011DC0743&from=EN.](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0743&from=EN)\n\n25 See Council of the European Union, EU Strategic Framework and Action\nPlan\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in Human Rights and Democracy, 25 June 2012, available at: [www.consilium.](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/131181.pdf)\n[europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/131181.pdf.](http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/131181.pdf)\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46ea1466-27f2-3a4f-bee0-91145497d85c/5c63e7864.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_127/raw/doc_127_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_127/raw/doc_127_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 10ffe6a1ad5ccc86c6a66fc253b2ebdb362cb518..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_127/raw/doc_127_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,924 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# HIGHLIGHTS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **Limitations**\n\n_This document aims at analysing the situation of refugee, migrant_\n_and asylum-seeking children, who have recently arrived in Europe_\n_(since 2015). However, due to challenges with data availability,_\n_some of the information below may refer to_ _**highly aggregate**_\n_**(proxy) data**_ _such as native-born vs. foreign-born children or_\n_children with migrant background._\n_There is_ _**no systematic or harmonized approach to data**_\n_**collection**_ _on refugee and migrant children in national education_\n_systems across Europe._ _**Data is often not comparable**_ _due to_\n\n\n1 2 3\n\n\n\n_the variety of indicators and definitions used in various databases/_\n_sources (including EUROSTAT and PISA), as well as different age_\n_groups, timeframe/points in time for data collection and insufficient_\n_disaggregation. This makes it_ _**complex to analyse**_ _issues_\n_particularly around_ _**school attendance and learning outcomes**_\n_among this specific group._\n_This document refers to data available_ _**as of December 2018**_ _,_\n_and therefore may not reflect more recent statistics that have_\n_become available in early 2019._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EUROSTAT", - "confidence": 0.8349094986915588, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5823038220405579, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5302833318710327, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PISA", - "confidence": 0.57054603099823, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5093351006507874, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5187012553215027, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n# I. SCHOOL-AGE REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n**THE BIG PICTURE**\n\n\n\nMost of the foreign-born school-age\nchildren and adolescents, born outside\nthe EU+, were hosted by **Germany**\n(688,669), **the** **United** **Kingdom**\n(569,308), **France** (555,192), **Spain**\n(492,520), **Italy** (389,180) and **Sweden**\n(215,601). Yet, in terms of overall\nproportion, foreign-born children made\nup barely **4-5%** across these countries,\nexcept Sweden where they represented\n**9%** of all school-age children.\n\n\n\nAs of 31 December 2018, out of the\n109,279,876 children and adolescents\nliving in EU+ countries [4], **5%** were **foreign-**\n**born** : 2,614,436 (2.4%) were born in\nanother EU+ country, and 3,949,286\n**(3.6%)** were **born outside the EU+** .\nRefugee and migrant children that arrived\nin Europe over the past few years can\ntherefore be considered a subset of the\nlatter group.\n\n\n\nAs of 1 January 2019, a total of\n**83,272,636** **children** **and** **adolescents**\n**were** **of** **school** **age** (5 to 19 years old [5] ).\nAmong them, 2,160,145 (2.6%) were\nchildren born in another EU+ State,\nwhile 3,487,701 **(4%)** were born outside\nthe EU+.\n\n\nAmong the latter group, **25%** were 5 to\n9 years old, **30%** were 10 to 14 years old\nand **46%** were 15 to 19 years old.\n\n\n\nNumber and proportion of foreign-born school-age\nchildren (5-19) by country of residence in Europe\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Eurostat, 2018 annual data\n\n\n**2** ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n**EDUCATION PROFILES OF REFUGEE AND**\n**MIGRANT CHILDREN COMING TO EUROPE**\n\n\n\n**Central Mediterranean Route**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** More than a quarter of the children interviewed in Italy\nin 2017 [6] said they never went to school, while one\nthird managed to complete only primary school before\nstarting their journey to Europe.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Children from Nigeria, The Gambia and Guinea had the\nlowest education levels - more than a third reported\n\n\ntwo-thirds of children from\nNigeria, Bangladesh, The\nGambia, Guinea and Pakistan [7]\nreported having been more\nthan one year outside the\neducation system (34% for\n\n\n\n**Eastern Mediterranean Route**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** A quarter of children interviewed in Serbia, Greece, the\nRepublic of North Macedonia, Hungary and Bulgaria [9]\nhad not completed any formal level of education, while\nanother third completed only primary education prior\nto their arrival in Europe.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Children from Afghanistan and Iraq who arrived to\nEurope through the Eastern Mediterranean Route had\nthe lowest level of education, and more than one third\nhad reportedly never gone to school.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** More than half of Syrian, Afghan, Iraqi,\n\n\n[Republic, Pakistan, Afghanistan); UNICEF-REACH, Children on the Move in Italy](http://migration.iom.int/docs/Flow_Monitoring_Surveys_Top_5_Nationalities_2017_.pdf)\n[and Greece, 2017](https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/children-move-italy-and-greece)\n\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n# II. ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\n\n\n\n**Access to Education Based on**\n**Legal Status**\n\n\nAlthough all children\u2019s fundamental right\nto basic education is recognized under\ninternational and regional human rights\nlaw, including EU law [11], in practice the\ntype, quality and duration of schooling\noffered to asylum-seeking, refugee and\nmigrant children depends more on where\nthey are in the migrant/asylum process\nthan on their educational needs.\n**Children** **of** **EU-born** **migrants**\ngenerally have the right to be admitted\nto their host State\u2019s educational,\napprenticeship and vocational training\ncourses under the same conditions as\nnationals [12], including access to educationrelated social benefits [13] .\n**International protection beneficiaries**\n(refugees under the 1951 Convention\nand subsidiary protection holders) [14],\nthose enjoying temporary protection [15],\nas well as those with long term residence\nstatus [16] and those who are reunited\nwith family members lawfully residing\nin the EU [17], are also entitled to access\neducation under the same conditions as\nnationals, but they are not automatically\nentitled to associated benefits [18], which\npossibly restricts their ability to access\nquality education.\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seeking children** are also\nlegally entitled to access the host State\u2019s\neducation system on the same terms as\nthose that apply to nationals, although\nformal education may be provided in\naccommodation centres [19] . Education\nauthorities in the EU Member States\n(MS) shall not postpone access to\neducation for more than three months\nfrom the date on which children (or\ntheir parents) have lodged their asylum\nclaim, [20] although in practice, it could\ntake longer, and alternative classes in\nthe accommodation centres do not\nusually teach the full curriculum, or meet\nthe same teaching standards as local\nschools. EU FRA has reported additional\nrestrictions in some specific parts and\nregions in Germany, Greece (for the\nReception and Identification Centres)\nand Hungary. Children whose asylum\napplication has been rejected continue to\nhave access to basic education during the\nperiod granted for voluntary departure\nand during periods for which removal has\nbeen postponed [21] .\n**Migrant children in an irregular**\n**situation** (e.g. those who have not applied\nfor asylum or lack legal documents)\nare the most at risk of staying out of\nschool. Only seven EU MS have explicitly\nrecognized undocumented migrant\n\n\n\nchildren`s entitlement to basic formal\neducation (Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland,\nItaly, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden)\nwhile three MS explicitly exclude or limit\ntheir right to schooling (Hungary, Latvia\nand Lithuania). In most MS, the right to\neducation is provided to all children in the\ncountry, hence implicitly also to children\nstaying irregularly [22] . Nevertheless, as this\nright is not systematically guaranteed or\nfacilitated, local procedural requirements\ncan restrict or deter access. For example,\nschools may be obliged to report\nfamilies without valid documentation to\nimmigration authorities, which may deter\nsuch families from enrolling their children\ninto school [23] .\nFurthermore, schools may demand birth\ncertificates, prior education credentials,\nnational identification papers or proof of\nresidency to enroll.\nAccess to upper-secondary education,\nearly childhood education (ECE),\nvocational training, further learning and\nhigher education may also be highly\nconstrained as they are often not part\nof compulsory education recognized by\nnational law.\n\nSource: [EU FRA 2011](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/fundamental-rights-migrants-irregular-situation-european-union)\n\n\n\n**4** ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n\n**ACCESS TO EDUCATION IN**\n**PRACTICE**\n\n\n_Data and definitions used across Europe_\n_do not allow for a full comparative analysis._\n_This section therefore provides a snapshot_\n_of the situation in selected European_\n_countries, illustrating_ _**the diversity of**_\n_**situations and disparities with regards**_\n_**to the availability, relevance and**_\n_**timeliness of data**_ _on refugee and migrant_\n_children\u2019s access to education. This is largely_\n_due to diverging national legislation, varying_\n_responsible authorities (national vs. federal/_\n_regional), and tools and methodologies to_\n_collect and analyse education data and_\n_statistics. Moreover, while in some countries_\n_data is recorded based on the migration_\n_status of children, in others this is done with_\n_a focus on citizenship or language skills._\n\n**Bulgaria**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _Refugee and migrant children are_\n_recorded_ _in_ _national_ _education_\n_statistics only if they are asylum-_\n_seekers or beneficiaries of international_\n_protection._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** As of the end of December 2018,\nschool enrolment for refugee and\nmigrant children was five times\nhigher compared to the 20162017 school year due to increased\noutreach and support provided by\nthe government and humanitarian\nagencies.\n\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **50%** or **81** out of **161** schoolage refugee and migrant children\naccommodated in government\nreception centres in December\n2018 were enrolled in primary and\nsecondary public schools, while a\ntotal of **121** asylum-seeking and\nrefugee children were registered\noverall in the formal education\nsystem in the beginning of the\n2018-2019 school year.\n\n\n**France**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _Refugee and migrant children appear_\n_in national education statistics only_\n_when they do not speak the language_\n_of instruction (French) and require_\n_additional language support._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Latest publicly available data from\nthe 2016-2017 school year indicates\nthat, among the **12.9 million**\nchildren enrolled in both public and\nprivate education, some **60,673**\nwere non\u2013French speaking [24] . Of\nthem, 29,701 were registered in\nprimary schools, 24,540 in lower\nsecondary and 6,432 in upper\nsecondary education.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** The majority of non-French\nspeaking children were registered\nin the Paris region (4 in every\n10 children), followed by LyonGrenoble, Marseille-Nice and\nNancy-Strasbourg regions.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** On average around **90%** of nonFrench speaking children were\n\n\n\nplaced in preparatory classes\n(specific classes for non-French\nspeaking children) or have\nbenefitted from additional language\nsupport.\n\n\n**Germany**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _Data on refugee and migrant children_\n_accessing education is only partially_\n_available at the regional level as data_\n_collection is not compulsory. It is_\n_therefore impossible to establish the_\n_situation for the entire country._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Access to formal education for\nrefugee and migrant children living\nwith their parents in reception\ncentres in Germany depends on\nthe specific regulations of the\nresponsible federal state and\nchildren\u2019s migration status. In\nmany states, access to schools\nremains limited, particularly for\nchildren from families originating\nfrom so-called \u201csafe countries and\nterritories of origin\u201d (e.g. Albania,\nBosnia and Herzegovina, Ghana,\nKosovo UNSCR 1244, the Republic\nof North Macedonia, Montenegro,\nSenegal and Serbia) [25], as speedy\nreturns are envisaged for this group.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Based on the 2016 [IAB-BAMF-](https://www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c.538695.en/research_advice/iab_bamf_soep_survey_of_refugees_in_germany.html)\n[SOEP Survey of Refugees, covering](https://www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c.538695.en/research_advice/iab_bamf_soep_survey_of_refugees_in_germany.html)\n4,500 parents of refugee and\nmigrant children, more than **98%**\nof primary school-aged children\nattended school in 2016. Yet, **less**\n\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education data", - "confidence": 0.5933982729911804, - "start": 137, - "end": 139 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5649933218955994, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7272962927818298, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "formal education\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.7346585988998413, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018-2019", - "confidence": 0.9031398892402649, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and\nmigrant children", - "confidence": 0.7441421747207642, - "start": 225, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national education statistics", - "confidence": 0.5711774826049805, - "start": 347, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.9880898594856262, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and\nmigrant children", - "confidence": 0.9558643102645874, - "start": 225, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "publicly available data", - "confidence": 0.8699242472648621, - "start": 377, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016-2017", - "confidence": 0.6316314935684204, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n\n**than half** of these children received\nlanguage support. In terms of early\nchildhood education, findings for\nchildren aged 3 to 6 years were\nsimilar among refugee and migrant\nchildren and other children, but\namong the 0 to 3 age group,\nrefugee and migrant children were\nsignificantly under-represented.\n\n\n**Greece**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _National_ _inter-agency_ _education_\n_assessments capture data on all_\n_recently arrived refugee and migrant_\n_children regardless of their legal_\n_status._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** By December 2018, **11,500**\nrefugee and migrant children\nwere enrolled in Greek schools\nthroughout the country, an increase\nof 44% compared to the number of\nenrolled children by June 2018.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Based on [the latest assessment](https://www.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/2019-04/EducationENG%20January%202019%20Urban.pdf)\nconducted by the national interagency Education Working Group\nwith support of the Ministry\nof Education, out of the 5,935\nassessed school-age children (417 years old) \u2013 regardless of\ntheir migratory status - living in\napartments, shelters and hotels for\nunaccompanied children, **62%** were\nenrolled in Greek schools.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Of the children in school undergoing\nthe assessment, **91%** were enrolled\nin schools on the mainland while\n**9%** were enrolled in schools on the\nGreek islands.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** In terms of gender breakdown, **66%**\nof all assessed girls and **67%** of all\nassessed boys present in Greece\nwere enrolled in schools.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Enrolment rate was higher among\nchildren who were 6-12 years old\n( **75%** ), followed by 13-15 years old\n( **62%** ), as well as 4-5 and 16-17\nyears old ( **57%** each).\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Enrolment rates were highest among\nPakistani, Afghan, Iraqi and Syrian\nrefugee and migrant children ( **73%**,\n**68%**, **67%** and **66%** respectively).\nThese were also the most common\nnationalities of refugee and migrant\nchildren enrolled in schools overall.\n\n\n\n**Italy**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _National_ _education_ _statistics_\n_distinguish only between Italian and_\n_non-Italian citizens._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** In the 2016-2017 school year,\n**634,070** non-Italian children were\nregistered in Italian schools (9.5% of\nall children enrolled).\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **46%** of non-Italian children were\nenrolled in primary education, **26%**\nwere in lower secondary education,\nand **29%** in upper-secondary\neducation. There is no data on preprimary school enrolment.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Among all non-Italian children in the\neducation system, **77%** (487,748)\nwere non-EU citizens.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Among the refugee and migrant\nadolescents who responded to\nUNICEF\u2019s [U-Report](https://onthemove.ureport.in/) on the Move\npoll on education, **49%** attended\nonly Italian language classes, while\njust **30%** attended regular classes,\nwith great variability among\ndistricts.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **86%** of young migrants and refugees\nanswering to the U-Report on the\nMove poll declared they would like\nto access vocational training. Yet,\nvery few of them were actually able\nto access such opportunities.\n\n\n**Serbia**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _National education statistics capture_\n_all recently arrived refugee and_\n_migrant children regardless of their_\n_legal status._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **51%** (413) of the 844 refugee\nand migrant school-age children,\nwho were accommodated in 16\ngovernment accommodation\ncentres in Serbia as of December\n2018, were enrolled in primary and\nsecondary schools.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **83%** of primary school-age children\n(129 out of 155) were enrolled in\n40 primary schools.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **100%** of lower secondary schoolage children (251 out of 251) were\nenrolled in 3 secondary schools.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **12%** of upper-secondary schoolage children (51 out of 438) were\nenrolled in 3 secondary schools.\n\n\n\n**Spain**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _National education statistics do not_\n_capture refugee and migrant children,_\n_and only partial data related to_\n_refugee and migrant children hosted_\n_in reception facilities is available._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **95%** of **6,200** **[26]** refugee and migrant\nchildren in reception facilities were\nenrolled in secondary education\nfor the school year 2017-2018.\nAmong them, **58%** were boys and\n**42%** were girls. Among the most\ncommon nationalities that arrived\nby sea and land, **21%** of Syrian\nchildren and **4%** of Palestinian\nchildren were enrolled in primary\nand secondary education.\n\n\n**Sweden**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** _National education statistics capture_\n_all students of foreign background_\n_(including_ _second_ _generation_\n_migrants), hence information on_\n_recently arrived refugee and migrant_\n_children is not available._\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** During the school year 2017-2018\nthere were 1,049,490 children\nenrolled in primary and lower\nsecondary education. **25%** of\nthem were of foreign background,\nand just **1%** were asylum-seeking\nchildren.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** Among the 347,863 children\nenrolled in upper secondary\neducation, **32%** were of foreign\nbackground. All children who\nwere registered with the national\npopulation registry and required\nSwedish language support were\nenrolled in language introduction\nprogrammes.\n\n\nSources: Greek Ministry of Education, Research and\nReligious Affairs; Greece Education Sector Working\nGroup Assessment on Access to Education for\nRefugee and Migrant Children- May 2018; Bulgarian\nMinistry of Education, Bulgarian State Agency for\nRefugees, Italian Ministry of Education, UNICEF\nU-report on the Move, National Education ReportGermany 2018, French Ministry of Education,\nSwedish Ministry of Education\n\n\n\n**6** ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "latest assessment", - "confidence": 0.6600887179374695, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "national interagency Education Working Group", - "confidence": 0.9160696268081665, - "start": 163, - "end": 168 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assessed school-age children", - "confidence": 0.7798120379447937, - "start": 182, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on preprimary school enrolment", - "confidence": 0.521002471446991, - "start": 540, - "end": 545 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016-2017", - "confidence": 0.8313043117523193, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-Italian children", - "confidence": 0.9342761039733887, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "the Move\npoll on education", - "confidence": 0.9230416417121887, - "start": 600, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.5841994285583496, - "start": 649, - "end": 653 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "U-Report on the\nMove poll", - "confidence": 0.7812291979789734, - "start": 656, - "end": 661 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.7653843760490417, - "start": 686, - "end": 687 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.693549633026123, - "start": 649, - "end": 653 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\npopulation registry", - "confidence": 0.9925415515899658, - "start": 1124, - "end": 1127 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.570381224155426, - "start": 1151, - "end": 1152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n# IV. REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN LEARNING\n\n\n**School Attendance**\n\n\n\n_Improving school attendance and reducing_ _**early school leaving**_\n_are major issues for national education systems, affecting both_\n_native-born and foreign-born children (coming both from other EU+_\n_Member States and from outside the EU+). Refugee and migrant_\n_children are included in statistics related to foreign-born children and_\n_born outside the EU+._\n\n\nDue to a variety of reasons including the lack of adequate\nsupport, across all EU+ Member States, with the exception of\nthe United Kingdom, children and youth born outside the EU+\nare over-represented among those who leave early. Overall, early\nschool leaving among children born outside the EU+ (including\nrefugee and migrant children) is almost **twice as high** compared\nto native-born children (25.4% vs. 11.5%) for reasons explained\nbelow. This gap is most pronounced in **Austria, Belgium,**\n**Cyprus, Greece, Italy and Spain.**\n\n\nEarly school leaving or disengagement from education often\nrelates to the **socio-economic inequalities**, which affect\nmany refugee and migrant children, but also children\u2019s and their\nparents\u2019 education expectations, the school environment and\nrelations with teachers and peers. **Language** **barriers** **and**\n\n\nLevel of early school leaving among native, children\nborn in another EU+ country and children born\noutside the EU+, by country of residence.\n\n\n\n**difficulties with concentration and learning resulting from**\n**painful personal experiences**, as outlined on page 7, can also\nbe significant contributing factors.\n\n\n**Poverty** is a particularly important factor that may affect\nchildren and young people\u2019s engagement in education. Based\non the latest [Eurostat statistics](http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=yth_incl_020&lang=en) from 2013, young people\nborn outside the EU were nearly twice more likely to be at\nrisk of poverty compared to native-born young people (49% vs.\n28%). [29] Greatest disparities in poverty rates among native-born\nand foreign-born young people were found in Belgium, Greece,\nFinland, Spain and Sweden. Moreover, children with migrant/\nrefugee background tend to concentrate in suburban areas and\nschools with lower academic standards and performance levels,\nwhich may impact negatively on their participation in education\nand ultimately on their educational outcomes.\n\n\nCountries like **Czechia,** **Denmark**, **Portugal** **and** **the**\n**Netherlands and the UK**, have, nevertheless, managed to\nlimit the gap between native-born and foreign-born children\nborn outside the EU+. They also have some of the lowest levels\n[of early school leaving in Europe overall, already below the EU](http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf)\n\n\n\nSource: Eurostat, 2016\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.9427900910377502, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU+ Member States", - "confidence": 0.5299420356750488, - "start": 106, - "end": 110 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6975706815719604, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN", - "confidence": 0.7426409125328064, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat statistics", - "confidence": 0.997634768486023, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9964474439620972, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and young people", - "confidence": 0.7675869464874268, - "start": 346, - "end": 350 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[strategy](http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf) target of 10% to be reached by 2020. This could be\nexplained by effective strategies to prevent early school leaving\nas part of broader social inclusion policies in countries with long\na tradition of immigration and/or strong equity focus in social\nwelfare systems.\n\n\nEarly school leaving may have a significant impact on adolescents\u2019\nand young people\u2019s transition from education to work. The EU has\ntherefore also been monitoring young people\u2019s disengagement\nfrom both the education and labour market, with latest statistics\nsuggesting that in the absence of appropriate interventions,\nforeign-born young people (aged 15-24) are overall much more\nlikely to be **neither in employment, nor in education or**\n**training (NEET)** than their native-born peers. This rate is even\nmore pronounced among young people born outside the EU+.\n\n\n**10** ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n\nThe highest shares of young people born outside the EU+,\nwho were NEET in 2017, were found in **Greece** (34.1%),\n**Italy** (33.5%), **Croatia** (28.2%), **Spain** (26%) and **France**\n(24.3%). In contrast, **Norway** (9.1%), **Luxembourg** (9.6%),\n**the Netherlands** (10.2%), **Hungary** (10.9%) and **Switzerland**\n(12%) observed the lowest shares of young migrants NEET, in\nmany cases due to targeted national policies to lower NEET\nlevels overall.\n\n\nSource: Eurostat Early School Leaving from Education and Training, 2016;\n[Eurostat NEET, 2007\u20132017; http://www.sirius-migrationeducation.org/wp-](http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Young_people_-_migration_and_socioeconomic_situation)\n[content/uploads/2015/02/SIRIUS-EarlySchoolLeaving-FINAL.pdf](http://www.sirius-migrationeducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/SIRIUS-EarlySchoolLeaving-FINAL.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n**Learning Outcomes**\n\n\n\n_There is no systematic data available on the learning outcomes of_\n_refugee and migrant children. The best available comparable data is_\n_found in the \u2018Programme for International Student Assessment\u2019 (PISA)_\n_database, which allows for comparison between three categories \u2013_\n_native-born children, first-generation migrants and second-generation_\n_migrants. For the purpose of this assessment, refugee and migrant_\n_children are counted among the first-generation migrants._\n\n\nDue to a variety of reasons, including the lack of adequate\nsupport, first-generation migrant students can face learning\nchallenges resulting in lower academic performance. [30] Yet\ntheir resilience and learning outcomes improve significantly\nover time, when targeted education as well as wider social\ninclusion measures (e.g. language classes, homework support\nand psychosocial measures) are available to reduce various\ndisadvantages, as many children demonstrate a determination\nto improve their prospects in life. On average across EU+\ncountries in 2015, around **3 in 4** **native-born students** but only **3 in 5 students with a migrant background** **[31]**\n\n- attained the **baseline level of proficiency** in the three core\nPISA subjects: science, reading and mathematics.\n\n\nThe performance gap between native-born students and\nstudents with a migrant/refugee background is wider when\nit comes to first-generation migrant/refugee students, and\nespecially **late arrivals** (students who arrived at or after\nthe age of 12). This couples with overall challenges faced by\n**adolescents** (particularly aged 15+ years) in integrating into\nthe formal education system, as they go beyond compulsory\nschool age and are often not targeted by national educational\nintegration strategies.\n\n\nMigrant/refugee students are also more likely than nativeborn students to be victims of **bullying** and **perceived** **unfair**\n**treatment** by teachers, which may contribute to differences\nbetween native-born and migrant/refugee students in academic\nperformance and well-being.\n\n\n\nNevertheless, migrant/refugee students, especially from the\nfirst generation, tend to express **higher levels of motivation**\nthan native-born students. For example, the proportion of\nfirst-generation migrant/refugee students in the Netherlands\nand Belgium expressing a high motivation is 36 and 23 per cent\nrespectively higher than that of native-born students in these\ncountries.\n\n\nMoreover, **free pre-school** **programmes** can alleviate\ndisadvantages and increase equity, as they allow children\nwith a migrant/refugee background to interact with the local\ncommunity, learn the host country language and acquire\nimportant social competencies in structured settings. Based on\nPISA statistics, migrant/refugee students who had participated\nin early childhood education **attained higher scores** compared\nto their peers who had not attended such programmes **by an**\n**amount that corresponded to more than one year of**\n**school.**\n\n\n**Supportive school environment** and quality of teaching are\nother important factors in improving learning outcomes for\nchildren, including refugees and migrants. Literature shows\nthat measures can be multifaceted - developing mentoring and\ncultural mediation schemes, making adequate resources available\nto address socio-economic disadvantages, providing information\nabout the school environment, engaging with parents, ensuring\nadditional language support, strengthening anti-discrimination\nlegislation, etc. Examples of such measures already in practice in\nEuropean countries can be found below, in Section V.\n\n\nSources:\n[OECD, \u2018Assessment of Migrant Education\u2019, 2018](http://www.oecd.org/education/immigrant-students-at-school-9789264249509-en.htm)\nReception Education for Refugee and Migrant Children\n[EU JRC, Immigrant background and expected early school leaving in Europe:](http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC109065/jrc109065_techbrief_migesl_180202final.pdf)\n[evidence from PISA, 2018](http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC109065/jrc109065_techbrief_migesl_180202final.pdf)\n[UNESCO, \u2018Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, not Walls\u2019,](https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2019/migration)\n[2019](https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2019/migration)\nRAND Europe, \u2018Education of migrant children: Education policy responses for\nthe inclusion of migrant children in Europe\u2019\n\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Programme for International Student Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9980979561805725, - "start": 43, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PISA", - "confidence": 0.9977529644966125, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5809831023216248, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU+\ncountries", - "confidence": 0.8215831518173218, - "start": 180, - "end": 183 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.752620279788971, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9265336990356445, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PISA statistics", - "confidence": 0.9994196891784668, - "start": 512, - "end": 514 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrant/refugee students", - "confidence": 0.9966366291046143, - "start": 515, - "end": 519 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n# V. HELPING REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN ACCESS EDUCATION AND LEARN\n\n\n\n**Promising Practices at**\n**National and Local Level**\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Securing the right to education**\n**for every asylum-seeking child in**\n**Sweden**\n\n\nAccording to the Swedish School Act, once\na child has been registered and assigned to\na municipality to stay, (s)he has a right to\naccess education. This includes pre-school,\nand primary up to upper secondary school\n(if the child has not already turned 18). The\nright to education applies even if a decision to\nreject an application for asylum is announced,\nuntil the child has physically left Sweden. In\n2017, additional temporary measures were\nadopted to allow children and young people\nenrolled in upper secondary education,\nwhose asylum claims were rejected, to stay\nin Sweden until they complete their studies.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Encouraging irregular migrants in**\n**Portugal to send their children to**\n**school**\n\n\nPortugal\u2019s Aliens and Borders Service\nhas launched a go-to-school programme\ndesigned to regularize young children who\nwere born in Portugal to migrant parents and\nattend state schools, but who are not lawfully\nstaying in the country. Residence permits\nfor both the children and their parents are\ngranted or renewed directly at school, on the\nsame day, avoiding bureaucracy. This project\nalso includes local awareness-raising activities\naimed at all actors of each school community.\nThe programme considers education a social\ninclusion factor and encourages migrants in\nan irregular situation to place their children\nin school.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Mitigating financial disadvantages**\n**for migrant and refugee children in**\n**Estonia and Belgium**\n\n\nThe Estonian Multicultural School project\n(2017- 2020) aims to reform the structure\nof financial support available to schools with\na diverse student population and to change\nschool level approaches to multiculturalism.\nUnder a similar initiative in the Flemish\nCommunity of Belgium, schools receive\nadditional lessons or extra teaching hours to\ntarget socio- economic disadvantages. These\novertime hours are granted for a period of\nthree years and serve to develop a vision of\nthe school in terms of equal opportunities in\neducation.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Parental engagement in Germany**\n**and France**\n\n\nParental engagement can play an important\nrole in refugee and migrant children\u2019s\n\n\n\neducation. Through \u2018Neighborhood Mothers\u2019\nstarted in Berlin and then replicated across\nthe country, women with their own history\nof migration and integration are trained to\nact as contact and resource persons for\nfamilies and particularly other women in\nthe neighborhood (for instance by working\nin schools or by visiting families in their\nhomes). Similar programmes have also been\ndeveloped in Denmark and the Netherlands.\nSince 2009, the French government is\nimplementing a national programme\n\u2018Opening school to parents for successful\nintegration\u2019 which aims to engage parents of\nmigrant and refugee children. In 2017, over\n300 schools were involved, offering free of\ncharge French language and training courses\nfor parents, increasing their understanding of\nthe French education system and providing\nthem with practical advice on how to better\nsupport their children in the learning process.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Supporting school enrolment**\n**through coordination of all actors**\n**in Greece**\n\n\nIn 2016, the Hellenic Ministry of Education\nestablished \u2018afternoon reception classes\u2019 to\nwelcome refugee children aged 6-15 living\nin camps into classes in a second shift in\npublic schools. In 2017, the Ministry tripled\n\u2018morning reception classes\u2019 for children\nresiding in urban areas, so they can attend\nschool with Greek children within the\nregular school hours and receive additional\nGreek language support. Within the national\ninter-agency Education Working Group,\nall accommodation and education actors\ncombined efforts to enroll children in schools\nby sensitizing and accompanying parents and\nchildren through the registration process and\nbeyond.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Strengthening teachers\u2019 capacity**\n**to integrate refugee and migrant**\n**children in public schools in Bulgaria**\n\n\nOver the past years, the Bulgarian Ministry\nof Education supported the development of\nofficial programmes on teaching Bulgarian\nas a foreign language to refugees, provided\nadditional funding for Bulgarian language\nclasses and rolled out capacity building for\nteachers in public schools. These activities\nwere conducted with support by UNHCR\nand UNICEF.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Individualised learning plans for**\n**newly arrived children in Finland,**\n**the Netherlands and the UK**\n\n\nIn Finland, newly arrived refugee and migrant\nchildren benefit from an individual curriculum\nduring their first year in the formal\neducation system. Activities are tailored to\n\n\n\nchildren\u2019s specific needs and profile (being\nan unaccompanied child, coming from a war\nsituation, etc.). Similar approaches have also\nbeen developed in the Netherlands and the\nUK.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Fostering migrant and refugee \u2018role**\n**models\u2019 in Denmark**\n\n\nThe \u2018We Need All Youngsters\u2019 campaign,\nlaunched in 2002 by the Ministry of Refugee,\nImmigration and Integration Affairs, fosters\nexchanges between migrant and refugee\nchildren and \u2018role models\u2019 on the education\nsystem in Denmark. Information is shared,\nparticularly on vocational education &\ntraining, and activities are organised with\nvoluntary organisations such as online\nhomework caf\u00e9s. An evaluation showed that\n50% of participating students felt inspired by\nrole models and intended to complete their\neducation.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Preventing early school leaving in**\n**the Netherlands**\n\n\nTo address early school leaving among\nadolescents with motivational problems and\nlearning difficulties, the Dutch government\nadopted a national policy and developed\ntargeted decentralized programmes,\ncoordinated by an Early School Leaving\nTaskforce in the Ministry of Education.\nCrucial elements for the success of the\npolicy were the set-up of mandatory regional\nmonitoring and reporting tools, as well as the\nadoption of an integrated approach, linking\nschools with social services, municipalities\nand business sector. This has led to enhanced\nearly signaling and effective prevention of\nearly school leaving.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Supporting children beyond**\n**compulsory school-age in Finland**\n\n\nThe Helsinki \u2018skills centre\u2019 created in 2016,\ncombines vocational education, employment\nand language training services for refugee and\nmigrant adolescents who are 17+ years old,\nand whose language skills are not yet at the\nlevel needed for employment or vocational\ntraining. A similar system has been set up in\nLuxemburg.\n\n\nSources:\n[UNICEF, \u2018Improving Education Participation\u2019, 2017 ;](https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/improving-education-participation)\n[UNICEF, \u2039Protection on Paper? An analysis of Nordic](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/940-protected-on-paper-an-analysis-of-nordic-country-responses-to-asylum-seeking-children.html)\n[Country Responses to Asylum Seeking Children, 2018;](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/940-protected-on-paper-an-analysis-of-nordic-country-responses-to-asylum-seeking-children.html)\n[EU FRA, Fundamental rights of migrants in an irregular](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/fundamental-rights-migrants-irregular-situation-european-union)\n[situation in the European Union, 2011 ; OECD](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/fundamental-rights-migrants-irregular-situation-european-union)\n[Assessment of Migrant Education, 2018; Sirius, Multi-](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/oecd-reviews-of-migrant-education_20776829)\n[country partnership to enhance the education of refugee](http://www.sirius-migrationeducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PERAE_Comparative-Report-1.pdf)\n[and migrant asylum-seeking youth in Europe, 2018;](http://www.sirius-migrationeducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PERAE_Comparative-Report-1.pdf)\n[Reducing early school leaving.EU, Policies on Early School](http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policies_early_school_leaving.pdf)\n[Leaving in nine European countries: a comparative analysis](http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policies_early_school_leaving.pdf)\n\n\n\n**12** ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**United Nations Role and Support**\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Technical assistance to**\n**governments:**\n\n\nUNICEF and UNHCR have provided\nguidance and technical assistance to\nnational authorities in Bulgaria, Greece,\nSerbia and the Republic of North\nMacedonia to address legal and other\npractical barriers and develop national\naction plans to integrate refugee and\nmigrant children in public schools. As a\nresult of national authorities and interagency efforts in 2018, over 12,000\nchildren were enrolled in public schools\nin Southeastern Europe (121 in Bulgaria,\n11,500 in Greece and 413 in Serbia).\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Non-formal education and**\n**after-school support:**\n\n\nIn 2018, UNICEF, UNHCR and IOM\nsupported the provision of non-formal\neducation, including homework support\nand psychosocial support for over 16,200\nchildren [32] enrolled in public schools\nin Greece, Italy, Serbia, Bulgaria and\nBosnia and Herzegovina, facilitating their\nintegration. In Italy and Greece, UNICEF\nalso developed e-learning platforms to\nhelp children improve their language skills\nand prepare for public school exams.\nIOM in Greece and North Macedonia has\nsupported extracurricular activities for\nnational and migrant/refugee students, in\nview of strengthening the formal learning\nprocess, fostering personal development\nand inclusion into the local community.\n\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Capacity-building for**\n**education professionals:**\n\n\nIn Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, UNICEF\nand UNHCR supported capacity-building\nactivities for some 4,400 formal and nonformal education professionals in 2017\nand 2018. In Germany, early childhood\neducation and development has been\nan integral part of UNICEF trainings on\nthe minimum protection standards in\n100 centres for nearly 2,800 managers,\nprotection specialists and general staff.\n\n\nUNHCR has developed teacher training\nmaterials on the topic of refugees, asylum\nand migration, currently available in French,\nEnglish and Dutch (soon to be available\nin more languages). The toolkit includes\na module with professional guidance on\nteaching refugee children in the classroom,\ndealing with symptoms of stress and\ntrauma.\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Awareness raising and**\n**sensitization of the local**\n**communities:**\n\n\nIn Cyprus, Germany, Greece and Serbia,\nUNHCR, UNICEF, IOM and NGOs have\nworked on sensitizing local communities\non the importance of education for\nrefugee and migrant children.\n\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Education supplies:**\n\n\nIn Greece and Serbia, UNHCR, UNICEF\nand IOM have provided refugee and\nmigrant children with education materials\nand supplies. In Serbia, UNHCR also\nprovided furniture and equipment to four\nschools benefitting both local and refugee/\nmigrant children.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Transportation:**\n\n\nIn 2017 and 2018, IOM and UNHCR\nprovided school transportation for\nchildren from accommodation facilities to\npublic schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina,\nGreece and Serbia. The Bulgarian State\nAgency for Refugees also provided school\ntransportation for children from three\nreception centres in Sofia, Bulgaria.\n\n\n\u00d4 **\u00d4** **Child rights monitoring:**\n\n\nIn Greece, the Network for the Rights\nof Children on the Move led by the\nGreek Ombudsperson for Child Rights is\nregularly monitoring access to education\nfor refugee and migrant children, with\nUNICEF support. In Germany, UNICEF\nalso supported refugee reception centres\nin strengthening their monitoring systems\n(including access to education and\neducational outcomes) through practical\nguidance and tools.\n\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n# RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n1. _Ensure national legislation guarantees full and equal access for all children to inclusive and quality education in_\n_the formal education system, including access to catch-up programmes and accelerated learning opportunities,_\n_regardless of their asylum or migration status._\n\n2. _Provide targeted support through additional funds, programmes, guidance and capacity-building to schools,_\n_administrators and teachers to ensure accessible, quality and inclusive education for refugee, asylum-seeking_\n_and migrant children_ _[33]_ _._\n\n3. _Foster an inclusive school climate, which promotes student well-being and belonging and protects against_\n_instances of discrimination, bullying and exclusion of refugee and migrant children, through dedicated resources._\n\n4. _Because the risk factors for early school leaving are multifaceted, strengthen the linkages between schools and_\n_other critical public services (health, child protection, social protection, parental labour market support, etc.) to_\n_ensure that barriers to school enrolment and factors contributing to early leaving are addressed._\n\n5. _Ensure increased access to early childhood education services for young refugee and migrant children within the_\n_host community, and promote integration of refugee and migrant young people into upper secondary education_\n_including vocational education and training schemes in line with Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of_\n_[the Child and of the EC Action Plan (2016).](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160607/communication_action_plan_integration_third-country_nationals_en.pdf)_\n\n6. _Develop standard harmonized internationally accepted definitions or classifications to allow for informed policy_\n_development and resource allocation through the compilation and analysis of data on refugee, asylum-seeking_\n_and migrant children in existing education management information systems and international education_\n_databases._\n\n7. _Allocate adequate resources at sub-national, national and regional/ international level to ensure higher frequency_\n_and quality of relevant internationally-comparable data and statistics on refugee and migrant children\u2019s access_\n_to services, including education, through existing databases, e.g. Eurostat. This will allow for effective monitoring_\n_and timely decision-making._\n\n\n_[In 2018, UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM, Eurostat and OECD issued a Call to Action: Protecting children on the move starts with better data,](https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Migration_advocacy_Feb20.pdf)_\n_which reiterates the fact that to ensure the protection of children affected by migration, data on children should be disaggregated by_\n_standard age categories, from early childhood to adolescence; by other demographic and socio-economic characteristics like disability,_\n_education level and whether they live with their parents; and by legal status. Data on access to essential services such as education_\n_is also essential._\n\n\n_[These messages were further reiterated and contextualized in UNHCR and UNICEF\u2019s suggestions for Strengthening Current Data on](https://wcmsprod.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/2018-09/260418_UNICEF_UNHCR_Suggestions_Submission_EC_DG_Home_and_DG_Just_Final.pdf)_\n_[Refugee and Migrant Children in the EU](https://wcmsprod.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/2018-09/260418_UNICEF_UNHCR_Suggestions_Submission_EC_DG_Home_and_DG_Just_Final.pdf)_ .\n\n\nUNHCR, UNICEF and IOM would like to acknowledge the support of the European Union, Government of Japan, Government\nof the United Kingdom, Government of United States, Governments of EU Member States, as well as UNICEF Global\nHumanitarian Thematic Funding partners [34] in making this publication possible and their ongoing support to the refugee and\nmigrant education response in Europe.\n\n\n**14** **ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education management information systems", - "confidence": 0.8930208086967468, - "start": 297, - "end": 301 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9218329787254333, - "start": 205, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat", - "confidence": 0.8486082553863525, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5189920663833618, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.8720088005065918, - "start": 334, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on access to essential services", - "confidence": 0.8595308065414429, - "start": 458, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7694112062454224, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee and Migrant Children", - "confidence": 0.6726141571998596, - "start": 498, - "end": 502 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n**Number of children lodging asylum applications between January and December 2018**\n\n\nNumber of child asylumCountry [35] Main nationalities of asylum seeking children\nseekers registered in 2018\n\n\nGermany 78,130 Syrian (38%), Iraqi (11%), Afghan (7%) and Nigerian (5%)\n\n\nFrance 23,980 Albanian (11%), Georgian (9%), Ivorian (6%) and Syrian(5%)\n\n\nGreece 21,400 Syrian (29 %), Afghan (23%) and Iraqi (20%)\n\n\nSpain 10,815 Venezuelan (38%), Colombian (16%), Syrian (12%) and Ukrainian (6%)\n\n\nUnited Kingdom 8,805 Eritrean (7%), Syrian (2%) and Afghan (8%)\n\n\nItaly 8,380 Nigerian (9%), Gambian (8%), El Slavador (7%) and Pakistani (5%)\n\n\nAustria 6,160 Nigerian and Ukrainian (2% each)\n\n\nBelgium 5,640 Syrian (19%), Afghan (10%) and Palestinian (9%)\n\n\nSwitzerland 5,595 Eritrean (35%), Syria (13%), and Afghan (11%)\n\n\nSweden 5,340 Eritrean (4%), Syrian (18%) and Afghan (7%)\n\n\nSerbia 3,400 Nationality breakdown is not provided by the government\n\n\nNetherlands 4,660 Syrian and Eritrean (14% each) and Iranian (8%)\n\n\nCyprus 1,040 Syrian (62%), Iraqi (15%) and Somalian (5%)\n\n\nBulgaria 805 Afghan (46%), Syrian (26%), Iraqi (25%) and Pakistani (2%)\n\n\n[Source: Eurostat, extracted on 2 April 2019](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/asylum-and-managed-migration/data/database)\n\n\nACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IN EUROPE **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR \u2022 UNICEF \u2022 IOM** September 2019\n\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1 European States used for this report include EU\nMember States, as well as Serbia.\n\n2 Age groups used as reference for school-age children\ndepend on national legislation and education systems:\n5-18 years old in Bulgaria, 3-17 years old in France,\n6-18 years old in Germany, 5-17 years old in Greece,\n6-18 years old in Italy, 7-18 years old in Serbia, etc.\n\n3 Compulsory school varies across countries, e.g. 5-16\nyears old in Bulgaria, 6-16 years old in France, 6-15\nyears old in Germany, 5-17 years old in Greece, 6-16\nyears old in Italy, 7-15 years old in Serbia.\n\n4 EU+ refers to EU Member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein,\n[Norway and Switzerland. Data source: Eurostat](http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=migr_pop5ctz&lang=en)\n\n5 European database [(Eurostat) does not allow for](http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=migr_pop5ctz&lang=en)\ndisaggregation by age up to 17 years. For the purposes\nof this analysis therefore the age bracket 5 to 19 has\nbeen used.\n\n6 Based on a sample of 364 children between 14 and 17\nyears old.\n\n7 Apart from Pakistan, the remaining four listed\ncountries were among the top 10 origin countries of\narrival between January and November 2017, when\nsurveys were conducted\n\n8 Based on [the UNICEF REACH report \u2018Children on](https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/children-move-italy-and-greece)\n[the Move in Italy and Greece\u2019, 2017, 88% of children](https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/children-move-italy-and-greece)\ninterviewed in Italy in 2017 reported to have suffered\nfrom physical violence. 81% of these incidents\nhappened in Libya. In addition, 38% of children\nreported having been forced to work or perform\nactivities against their will, mainly in Libya (97%).\n\n9 Based on a sample of 240 children between 14 and 17\nyears old.\n\n10 Save the Children, [Education Needs Assessment](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/47680)\n[Greece, 2016.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/47680)\n\n11 International Covenant on Economic, Social and\nCultural Rights (Article 13), Convention on the Rights\nof the Child (Articles 28 and 29), revised European\nSocial Charter (Article 17) and \u2013 for EU MS \u2013 to\nArticle 14(1) of the EU Charter of Fundamental\nRights.\n\n12 Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 on freedom of\nmovement for workers within the Union, OJ 2011 L\n141/1, pp. 1\u201312, Article 10; and Directive 2004/38 of\nthe European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April\n2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their\nfamily members to move and reside freely within the\nterritory of the Member States amending Regulation\n(EEC) No. 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/\nEEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/\nEEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/\nEEC (Free Movement Directive), OJ 2004 L 158,\npp.77\u2013123, Article 24 (1).\n\n13 See, for instance, ruling of the Court of Justice\nof the EU (CJEU), C-9/74, Donato Casagrande v.\nLandeshauptstadt M\u00fcnchen, 3 July 1974. Subsequently\nconfirmed in cases such as CJEU, C-3/90, M.J.E.\nBerniniv. Minister van Onderwijs en Wetenschappen,\n26 February 1992.\n\n\n\n14 Article 27 of the Directive 2011/95/EU of the\nEuropean Parliament and of the Council of 13\nDecember 2011 on standards for the qualification\nof third country nationals or stateless persons as\nbeneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform\nstatus for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary\nprotection, and for the content of the protection\ngranted (Recast) (Qualification Directive), OJ 2011\nL337/9 pp9\u2013268.\n\n15 Temporary Protection Directive (2001/55/EC).\nArticle14.\n\n16 (Directive 2003/109/EC) \u2013 concerning the status of\nthird-country nationals who are long-term residents,\nArticle 11\n\n17 Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family\nreunification, Article 14.\n\n18 Qualification Directive (recast), Article 27(2) in\nconjunction with Article 11(2) Long-term Residents\nDirective; (Directive 2003/109/EC) \u2013 concerning the\nstatus of third-country nationals who are long-term\nresidents; Article 11(2) and (4); Directive 2003/86/EC\non the right to family reunification, Article 14(1).\n\n19 Reception Conditions Directive (2013/33/EU), Article\n14(1).\n\n20 Reception Conditions Directive (2013/33/EU), Article\n14(2).\n\n21 Return Directive (2008/115/EC), Article 14(1) and\n17(3).\n\n22 Explicit right refers to national legislations,\nwhich explicitly stipulate all refugee and\nmigrant children as well as children in an\nirregular situation have access to education.\nImplicit right refers to national legislations, according\nto which all children on the territory of the country\nhave the right to education, hence implicitly\nalso referring to those in an irregular situation.\nYet, in practice this is subject to interpretation\nand national, regional or local procedures.\nLimited right refers to national legislations, according\nto which migrant children in an irregular situation are\nnot automatically entitled to the right of education.\nThis may be subject to conditionality (e.g. residing\nin certain type of facility or timeframe of status\ndetermination procedures, etc.) or interpretation by\nresponsible authorities.\n\n23 Such practices have been reported, for example in\nCyprus and Slovakia.\n\n24 This number does not include French-speaking\nrefugee and migrant children from West Africa\nor other countries, where French is a commonly\nspoken language. This may explain the relatively small\nnumber of non-French speaking children registered\nas the majority of refugee and migrant children in the\neducation system may actually already speak French\nupon arrival.\n\n25 According to current law, they may remain in\ninitial reception and arrival centres or \u2018special\naccommodation centres\u2019 until their return/repatriation.\n\n\n\n26 Figures are provided by six government partners\nwho provide services to children accommodated in\nreception centres and urban areas with the largest\nnumbers of refugee and migrant children (Madrid,\nBarcelona, Valencia, Seville, and Malaga).\n\n27 See footnote 22.\n\n28 EU FRA report refers only to asylum-seekers, however\nthis seems to be no longer the case in the current\nGreek education database.\n\n29 Eurostat measures the at-risk-of-poverty rate in\nrelative terms. It takes a relative poverty threshold\nof 60 % of the net median equivalised income, and\ndefines as being at-risk-of-poverty the population\nsegment below this threshold.\n\n30 Based on available PISA statistics (2016), on average\nacross OECD countries, as much as 51% of firstgeneration migrant students failed to reach baseline\nacademic proficiency in reading, mathematics and\nscience, compared to 28% percent of students\nwithout an immigration background.\n\n31 In the PISA database, a child with \u2018migrant background\u2019\nrefers to a child born outside the country of\nassessment/survey (first generation) or whose parents\nwere born in another country while he/she was\nborn in the country of assessment/survey (second\ngeneration). This includes asylum-seeking and refugee\nchildren.\n\n32 This includes some 8,000 children (incl. over 1,000\nyoung children 3-5 years old) supported by UNICEF\nin Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy;\n6,400 children supported by UNHCR in Greece and\nSerbia and another 1,800 children supported by IOM\nin Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece and\nSerbia.\n\n33 This may include guidance on the recognition of\nprevious learning and educational attainment,\nprogrammes on second language learning, literacy\nand homework assistance for such students, more\nopportunities and incentives for teachers\u2019 professional\ndevelopment, as well as the establishment of\npsychosocial support services at schools and parental\noutreach.\n\n34 Australian Committee for UNICEF, Belgian Committee\nfor UNICEF, Canadian Committee for UNICEF,\nDutch Committee for UNICEF, Finnish Committee\nfor UNICEF, French Committee for UNICEF, Hong\nKong Committee for UNICEF, Italian Committee\nfor UNICEF, German Committee for UNICEF,\nGovernment of Denmark, Government of the The\nNetherlands, Government of the Republic of Korea,\nNorwegian Committee for UNICEF, New Zealand\nCommittee for UNICEF, Swedish Committee for\nUNICEF, Swiss Committee for UNICEF Portuguese\nCommittee for UNICEF, United Kingdom Committee\nfor UNICEF, United States Fund for UNICEF,\nSpanish Committee for UNICEF, UNICEF Hungarian\nFoundation, UNICEF United Arab Emirates.\n\n35 Data presented in this table is based on Eurostat\nasylum data and represents only most common EU\nMember States. To access full dataset on children\n[asylum applications for 2018, see this link.](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/asylum-and-managed-migration/data/database)\n\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM with\nthe aim to support evidence-based decision-making and advocacy on\naccess to education and related issues for refugee and migrant children\nin Europe. Based on publicly available datasets, this document provides\nan overview of the situation of refugee and migrant children in terms\nof education needs and profiles, ongoing activities, as well as remaining\nchallenges and barriers related to school enrolment and attendance. It\nalso analyses overall trends of learning outcomes and early school leaving\nas they correlate with the legal status/background of the child. Finally,\nit provides examples of existing good or promising practices, as well\n\n\n\nas recommendations, which could help address challenges and barriers\nlinked to children\u2019s access to education on one hand, and key data gaps\non the other.\n\n\nThe current factsheet covers data as of December 2018. However, due\nto the challenges described in the \u2018Data gaps\u2019 section, other relevant\nsources (i.e. data for previous years, or OECD data) have also been\nused as appropriate. This is stock data, representing the situation at a\ngiven point in time and does not reflect population movement impacting\nschool attendance.\n\n\n\nFor further information or any questions concerning this factsheet, please contact:\n\nUNHCR: **Javed Khan** [khanjav@unhcr.org \u2022 UNICEF:](mailto:khanjav@unhcr.org) **Tsvetomira Bidart** [tbidart@unicef.org \u2022](mailto:tbidart@unicef.org)\nIOM: **Ivona Zakoska Todorovska** [dtmmediterranean@iom.int](mailto:dtmmediterranean@iom.int)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat", - "confidence": 0.8487226366996765, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.524768054485321, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.765500009059906, - "start": 233, - "end": 234 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5396761894226074, - "start": 233, - "end": 234 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.645715594291687, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education system", - "confidence": 0.9119051098823547, - "start": 1109, - "end": 1111 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9379183650016785, - "start": 1068, - "end": 1072 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Greek education database", - "confidence": 0.9383013248443604, - "start": 1214, - "end": 1217 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "OECD countries", - "confidence": 0.5232774615287781, - "start": 1269, - "end": 1271 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5237260460853577, - "start": 1200, - "end": 1201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PISA statistics", - "confidence": 0.8927088379859924, - "start": 1260, - "end": 1262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "OECD countries", - "confidence": 0.7446470260620117, - "start": 1269, - "end": 1271 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.973992645740509, - "start": 1263, - "end": 1264 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "firstgeneration migrant students", - "confidence": 0.5047271847724915, - "start": 1278, - "end": 1281 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "country of assessment/survey", - "confidence": 0.8347873091697693, - "start": 1351, - "end": 1356 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5900517106056213, - "start": 1355, - "end": 1356 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seeking and refugee\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.9544274806976318, - "start": 1363, - "end": 1367 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat\nasylum data", - "confidence": 0.9848788380622864, - "start": 1612, - "end": 1615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7965075373649597, - "start": 1634, - "end": 1635 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "EU\nMember States", - "confidence": 0.8533412218093872, - "start": 1620, - "end": 1623 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OECD data", - "confidence": 0.766743540763855, - "start": 1830, - "end": 1832 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "December 2018", - "confidence": 0.6878365874290466, - "start": 1798, - "end": 1800 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.5349783301353455, - "start": 1671, - "end": 1675 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40a1f7f6-78d2-3a3b-adee-35976ca8775e/5d774e3e4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_128/raw/doc_128_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_128/raw/doc_128_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6ce36f92893f56c9d58d0e01681f03dcc364a7b0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_128/raw/doc_128_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,379 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "In November 2018, Romana, 9, took shelter with her family in the UNHCR Transit Centre in Kutupalong camp in Bangladesh\nalong with other Rohingya newly arrived from Myanmar. Women and children continue to represent the majority of refugees on\nthe move in the region. \u00a9 UNHCR/Roger Arnold\n\n## **Searching for safety**\n\n\nFour years after the 2015 Andaman Sea crisis, refugees in South-East Asia continue\nto risk their lives, albeit in smaller numbers, to reach safety in hope of securing a\nbetter future for themselves and their families.\n\nSafe and legal pathways for refugees and asylum seekers, and regional cooperation\nto rescue those in distress, can prevent violations of human rights and loss of lives of\npeople on the move.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nThis report presents the trends of refugee movements in South-East Asia observed by UNHCR [1 ]\n\nbetween January 2018 and June 2019, highlighting the serious risks taken by people to cross\n\ninternational borders through irregular pathways. Recognizing the diversity of people on the move in\n\nthe region, this report also sheds light on several groups of economic migrants traveling along the\n\nsame routes as refugees.\n\n##### **Trends**\n\n\n**Persistent push factors in countries of departure**\n\n\nThe majority of refugees moving through South-East Asia are Rohingya, a stateless [2] Muslim minority\n\nfrom Myanmar. Rohingya suffer serious limitations on their basic human rights in their country of\n\norigin, depriving them of opportunities to lead decent lives and dimming their hopes for a secure\n\nfuture. Since August 2017, 741,947 Rohingya refugees have fled into neighbouring Bangladesh, [3] from\n\nthe northern part of Rakhine State in Myanmar to escape violence and persecution.\n\n\nIn late 2018 and 2019, the intensification of conflict between the Arakan Army, an ethnic Rakhine\n\nBuddhist armed group, and the Myanmar Armed Forces has led to increasing insecurity in northern\n\npart of Rakhine State, displacing approximately 22,000 people. [4] While these security developments\n\nhave not led to an appreciable increase in persons seeking international protection to date, they have\n\nnevertheless adversely impacted an already complex protection environment, exacerbating pre\nexisting challenges and difficulties for Rohingya to move and access livelihoods.\n\n\nIn Bangladesh, the Government with the support of the international community has mounted a large\n\nscale multi-sectorial response through the Joint Response Plan (JRP) to address the humanitarian\n\nneeds of some 906,500 refugees. [5] Despite these efforts, challenges for refugees remain. Restrictions\n\non livelihood and education opportunities, dwindling financial support to meet humanitarian needs,\n\nfragile peaceful coexistence with the hosting communities and the uncertain time period required to\n\nsecure a sustainable solution in Myanmar are factors compelling many refugees to move onward.\n\n\n_1 UNHCR Regional Mixed Movements Monitoring Unit conducted a total of 23 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 165 refugees and individual_\n\n_interviews with 152 refugees and key informants conducted in Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Indonesia during the reporting period. This_\n_data collection complemented UNHCR Country Offices ongoing protection and border monitoring activities in the region._\n\n_2 The international legal definition of a stateless person is \u201ca person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its_\n\n_law\u201d as per Article 1 of the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons._\n\n_3 UNHCR Bangladesh Population Factsheet dated 30 June 2019, available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/70123_\n\n_4 Estimates of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) provided by the Rakhine State Government as of 19 June 2019. Nonetheless, movements_\n\n_remained fluid, with frequent reports of new arrivals at displacement sites, alongside returns._\n\n_5 The 2019 Joint Response Plan For Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis (January \u2013 December) was launched on February 2019, available at:_\n_www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/2019_jrp_for_rohingya_humanitarian_crisis_compressed.pdf_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nA Rohingya man who fled the armed conflict that affected his village. \u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Siew\n\n\n**\u201cWe were caught in the crossfire\u201d**\n\n_\u201cWe were caught in the crossfire. Their stray bullets flew into our village and endangered us. Two_\n\n_of my relatives were killed [\u2026]. I did not feel safe to go to my field to farm or to the river to fish._\n\n_This means I was not able to earn a living to feed my family. This security situation was starving_\n\n_us. That is why I left [my country].\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**Women and children on the move**\n\nFour out of five refugees seeking safety in Bangladesh between January 2018 and June 2019 were\n\nwomen or children, 26% and 55% respectively. [6]\n\n\nIn the case of maritime movements, an estimated 59% of individuals who moved irregularly by sea (or\n\nattempted to) were women or children. [7] This represents a notable change from the period of 2013\n2015, when the large majority of persons engaging in similar journeys were men.\n\n\n**Bangladesh remains the main destination for those fleeing violence and**\n**persecution**\n\n\nRohingya refugees have continued to seek safety in Bangladesh and represent by far the largest\n\ngroup of refugees on the move in the region. Since January 2018 until June 2019, 17,907 Rohingya\n\nrefugees were registered as new arrivals in Cox\u2019s Bazar in Bangladesh. [8] Among them, most fled\n\ndirectly from Myanmar reporting ongoing persecutions while others journeyed to Bangladesh from\n\nIndia, where they had previously sought refuge, due to a shrinking protection environment, including\n\ntensions with the host community.\n\n\nAcross the region, small numbers of refugees have engaged in secondary movements from their initial\n\ncountry of asylum to another third country such as Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, India, Thailand,\n\nIndonesia or Malaysia. Refugees\u2019 decision to move to another country are made by the individual or\n\nthe family based on considerations of both push factors in the country of asylum and conditions in the\n\nintended country of destination. Although motivations such as the desire to be reunited with family or\n\ncommunity members in a third country play an important role in the decision to leave the first country\n\nof asylum, refugees strongly emphasized negative push factors as the main triggers for their\n\nsecondary displacement. Push factors commonly identified by refugees include physical threats,\n\ninability to meet basic needs often due to restrictions to access employment, fear of deportation,\n\ntensions with the host community, or inadequate education opportunities.\n\n\n_6 Among the 17,907 Rohingya refugees recorded as new arrivals in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh, between January 2018 and June 2019, 55% were_\n\n_children, 26% women and 19% men._\n\n_7 This estimation is based on a sample of reports with known gender-and-age breakdown in countries of departure and destination including_\n\n_reports of arrests from the authorities, media reports, and interviews with refugees in the region._\n\n_8 UNHCR Bangladesh Population Factsheet dated 30 June 2019, available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/70123_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA", - "confidence": 0.6287890672683716, - "start": 4, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9685229659080505, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.5617554783821106, - "start": 428, - "end": 429 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.568946361541748, - "start": 391, - "end": 397 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6189941167831421, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9523066282272339, - "start": 384, - "end": 386 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Bangladesh Population Factsheet", - "confidence": 0.9751808643341064, - "start": 460, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8929339051246643, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.9884223341941833, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.916127622127533, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9811011552810669, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**Small-scale resumption of maritime movements**\n\n\nAt least 1,597 refugees and migrants undertook maritime journeys in the Bay of Bengal and the\n\nAndaman Sea between January 2018 and June 2019. [9] In 2018, 762 persons were recorded as having\n\ntaken to the seas. This upwards trend has continued in 2019 with 835 people undertaking the same\n\njourney from January until the end of June. Most of these movements took place outside of the\n\nmonsoon season of June-September, when rough seas, heavy rain or storms are common. This\n\nrepresents a small-scale resumption of such movements after a two-year interruption in 2016 and\n\n2017. The 2018-2019 trend remained far below the numbers observed between 2013 and 2015 when\n\n50 times more people were taking similar routes.\n\n\nAs in previous years, vessels generally departed from coastal areas spanning Chittagong Division in\n\nBangladesh to Rakhine state in Myanmar. In Myanmar, people often departed from central Rakhine\n\nState where some 130,000 internally displaced persons continue to live in confined camps under\n\ndifficult conditions since 2012. Others left from villages where their freedom of movement is severely\n\nrestricted. Following their departure, vessels usually headed south-east towards Malaysia.\n\n\nThe modus operandi of maritime movements has evolved compared to 2015, when cargo boats or\n\nlarge fishing trawlers organized by smugglers were transporting between 300 and 1,000 people in one\n\ntrip. In 2018, refugees and migrants often relied on small fishing boats, bought directly from a local\n\nfisherman, with the capacity to transport between 20 and 100 persons each. In 2019, professional\n\nsmuggling networks were the primary facilitators of irregular maritime movements, using larger vessels\n\nwith the capacity to transport up to 200 people at once.\n\n\n_9 Mixed maritime movements are by nature clandestine, making the data on such movements difficult to independently verify. Unless stated_\n\n_otherwise, the information in this report is compiled from various sources including governments, implementing partners, media reports and_\n_interviews with persons of concern who have undertaken mixed maritime journeys in South-East Asia._\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**Mixed movements at sea**\n\nMixed movements refer to flows of people travelling together, generally in an irregular manner, over\n\nthe same routes and using the same means of transport, but for different reasons. Some men,\n\nwomen and children travelling in this manner often have been forced from their homes by armed\n\nconflict or persecution, while others are on the move in search of a better life. People travelling as\n\npart of mixed movements have varying needs and may include asylum-seekers, refugees, stateless\n\npeople, victims of trafficking, unaccompanied or separated children, and migrants in an irregular\n\nsituation.\n\n\nFor some economic migrants in South-East Asia, irregular migration is perceived as the most viable\n\noption due to established migration routes, costly and complex procedures associated with legal\n\nlabour migration, and porous borders. This is the case of small numbers of male Bangladeshi\n\nnationals who travelled along the same routes as Rohingya refugees in search of economic\n\nopportunities in Malaysia or other countries.\n\n\nSimilarly, in the Indian Ocean, small-scale mixed movements of Sri Lanka nationals by boat were\n\nalso recorded during the reporting period. If some headed east towards South-East Asia and\n\nbeyond, most travelled south-west. Between 2018 and June 2019, 291 Sri Lankan nationals reached\n\nthe French islands of La R\u00e9union and Mayotte, near Madagascar, after crossing the Indian Ocean in\n\nfishing vessels or makeshift rafts. Out of the seven boats, five departed from Sri Lanka, one from\n\nIndonesia and the most recent one from India. Upon arrival, national authorities conducted individual\n\nassessments of international protection needs. Those found not to be in need of international\n\nprotection were returned to their country of origin.\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**Interceptions at sea**\n\n\nFrom January 2018 to June 2019, 10 vessels were intercepted at sea shortly after their departure from\n\nBangladesh or Myanmar, with their occupants returned to shore and handed over to relevant\n\nauthorities, presumably before they could leave territorial waters. In addition, in at least two instances\n\nin 2018, the Thai navy intercepted vessels of Rohingya refugees. Food and water were then\n\nreportedly provided to passengers and their vessels escorted to international waters.\n\n\nIn the Indian Ocean and Laccadive Sea, five vessels were intercepted near or after departing from Sri\n\nLanka before they could reach their destination. [10] For instance, in May 2019, a vessel transporting 20\n\nSri Lankan nationals was intercepted by the Australian navy. According to the Australian authorities,\n\nthey were found not to be in need of international protection and were returned to Colombo.\n\n\n_10 Media reports suggest that a total of 187 persons were on board of these five ships._\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**The principle of non-refoulement for people at sea**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (\u201cExCom\u201d) has emphasized the fundamental importance of fully\n\nrespecting the principle of non-refoulement [11] for people at sea, underlining that \u201cinterception\n\nmeasures should not result in asylum-seekers and refugees being denied access to international\n\nprotection, or result in those in need of international protection being returned, directly or indirectly, to\n\nthe frontiers of territories where their life or freedom would be threatened on account of a Convention\n\nground, or where the person has other grounds for protection based on international law. [12] \u201d\n\n##### **Dangerous journeys**\n\n\n**The vulnerability of those taking irregular pathways**\n\n\nPeople moving in an irregular manner often find themselves in vulnerable situations requiring\n\ninternational protection and humanitarian assistance. Refugees are particularly vulnerable in transit,\n\nas they often carry no travel or identification documents, having either lost them during flight, or are\n\nunable to obtain them from the authorities, for reasons of persecution or statelessness. As a result of\n\ntheir irregular status, refugees are often reluctant to approach the authorities for help in transit\n\ncountries or the destination country, fearing arrest, detention or deportation to their country of origin.\n\nThis places them at further risk of harm and allows abuses and exploitation to continue.\n\n\n**The heightened vulnerability of stateless persons**\n\nBeing stateless, Rohingya refugees experience additional challenges. Stateless persons often do\n\nnot have access to the rights that citizens take for granted, including the full protection of a state.\n\nStatelessness frequently means living without identity documents conferring legal personality and\n\nthe rights that go with them \u2013 access to health care, education, property rights, and the ability to\n\nmove freely. Births and deaths may not be registered with the result that stateless persons can be\n\nlegally invisible: their existence experienced, yet never legally recognized. It can also mean being\n\nshunned and discriminated against, and the added pressure of passing that stigma on to children\n\nand future generations.\n\n\n_11 The principle of non-refoulement is a cardinal principle of international refugee law, most prominently expressed in Article 33 of the 1951_\n\n_Refugee Convention. It prohibits any State conduct leading to the return of a refugee \u2018in any manner whatsoever\u2019\u2014including by way of_\n_interceptions of various kinds on land or at sea (whether in States\u2019 territorial waters, contiguous zones, or the high seas)\u2014to a place where they_\n_would be at risk of persecution related to a 1951 Refugee Convention ground or of other serious violation of human rights._\n\n_12 ExCom Conclusion No. 97 (LIV), 2003, para (a)(iv)._\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n_\u201cI was held captive by the smugglers for one and a half months, until my family paid the debt.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 44 years old, male]\n\n\nWithout safe and legal pathways to seek asylum, refugees and asylum-seekers are often compelled to\n\nuse smugglers and other risky measures to cross international borders in order to flee persecution and\n\nconflict. Aside from the inherent dangers of border crossings, these circumstances can result in\n\nrefugees being victims of exploitation, abuse, and trafficking along the way or upon arrival at their\n\ndestination. Refugees reported multiple incidents where smugglers kept smuggled persons captive for\n\nseveral weeks during which they inflicted severe pain and suffering with iron rods, bamboo sticks and\n\nother tools to extort increased payments from relatives. Violence was also used to enforce order and\n\nprevent demands for water and food during the irregular journey. Women and girls, especially those\n\ntravelling on their own, are particularly exposed to risks of sexual and gender-based violence.\n\n\n_\u201c[The smuggler] said: \u2018The agreement has changed. You have to pay now, or we will shoot you dead.\u2019_\n\n_He forced me to bow with my head touching the floor, then hit me on my back with a bamboo pole until_\n\n_I lost consciousness. The smugglers also put me in a set of boards with holes for my hands and feet,_\n\n_so I could not move for an entire day.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 44 years old, male]\n\n\nIn 2018 and 2019, refugees paid smugglers between $1,700 and $6,000 depending on the destination\n\nand means of transport. Such large sums require refugees to borrow money from neighbours or\n\ncommunity members. In Myanmar, Rohingya reported using their land, house or other belongings as\n\ncollateral. In Bangladesh and Myanmar, some refugees reported lending their food ration card in\n\nexchange for a loan, without alternative means of subsistence. The mounting debts resulting from this\n\nsituation and pressure to repay lenders renders refugees highly vulnerable to exploitation in countries\n\nwhere they often do not have the right to work.\n\n\n_\u201cThe smugglers kept me for five days. I saw men who could not pay being beaten. They didn\u2019t beat me_\n\n_or the other women, but they threatened us. The smuggler said, \u2018If you don\u2019t pay, we will bury you_\n\n_alive like those two,\u2019 and pointed at a mound of dirt some distance away. Two other captives were_\n\n_curious and walked over there to investigate. They came back and told me they saw a woman\u2019s hair_\n\n_sticking out of the dirt. I was very frightened.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 16 years old, female]\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nA Rohingya boy who fled his home country because of armed conflict\n\n\nand deprivation of education and livelihood opportunities. \u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Siew\n\n\n**\u201c** _**The smuggler locked me in a room with other boys and beat me with an iron rod**_ **\u201d**\n\n\n_\u201cI decided to go on this journey myself; I did not tell my parents. My father is a labourer who could_\n\n_not find steady employment, he has to take whatever job is available. Because of the fighting in_\n\n_our area, it is very dangerous to move around, which stopped my father from finding work. He_\n\n_could no longer afford the 7,000 Kyat ($5) per month to send me to school. The teacher told me in_\n\n_front of my classmates that if my family cannot pay my school fees, I should stop coming to_\n\n_school. I felt so ashamed. I felt that since my future is blocked here, I needed to go to another_\n\n_country where I could work and send money to my family. I decided to travel with a smuggler who_\n\n_told me I did not have to pay anything in advance. But when I reached the city, the smuggler_\n\n_locked me in a room with other boys and beat me with an iron rod. He made me call my mother_\n\n_and turned on the speaker phone so she could hear me crying. He demanded the full payment_\n\n_from my mother. My parents had no choice but to sell their land to pay.\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**A perceived increase of risks taken by refugees**\n\n\nRefugees\u2019 perceptions of the dangers of their flight across international borders by land or sea are\n\nchanging. A survey conducted with several generations of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia highlighted\n\nthat the perception of the risks of the journey has increased over time. Among refugees in Malaysia\n\nwho arrived more than 20 years ago, 57% found the journey difficult but non-life-threatening, 29%\n\nhazardous and 14% very dangerous. For refugees who arrived less than five years ago, they\n\ndescribed their journey as being very dangerous (50%), dangerous (13%) or hazardous (38%). [13]\n\n\n**The specific dangers of the sea journey**\n\n\nMaritime journeys are perilous and sometimes deadly. At least 15 refugees and asylum seekers died\n\nor have gone missing when crossing rivers and seas between January 2018 and June 2019, [14]\n\nincluding 4 deaths during the first six months of 2019. [15]\n\n\n_\u201cThere was strong wind and rain, I felt scared. Our boat was about to capsize, the pilot told all the_\n\n_passengers to come to the back of the boat.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 16 years old, male]\n\n\n_13 This data is based on 49 individual surveys conducted from 24 to 30 November 2018 in Malaysia by the Regional Mixed Movements Monitoring_\n\n_Unit._\n\n_14 Available data on the death of refugees and migrants remain scarce and often overdue. These figures are a likely underestimate of actual_\n\n_fatalities due to the fact that most bodies are never found, especially following a disaster at sea, and many missing persons never reported._\n\n_15 The four Rohingya went missing in May 2019 while crossing between Myanmar and Bangladesh. In 2017, more than 200 Rohingya fleeing the_\n\n_violence in Rakhine with rafts and boats died between August and October 2017 alone after their crafts capsized. Many of the refugees who_\n_crossed from Myanmar to Bangladesh in 2018 and 2019 continued to use this dangerous route._\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9740732908248901, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7635958790779114, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malaysia", - "confidence": 0.9583540558815002, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8983036279678345, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "49 individual surveys", - "confidence": 0.6478881239891052, - "start": 247, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Regional Mixed Movements Monitoring_\n\n_Unit", - "confidence": 0.848887026309967, - "start": 261, - "end": 266 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malaysia", - "confidence": 0.9836249351501465, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9620842933654785, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.7658441662788391, - "start": 156, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR estimates, one person in 69 who embarked on the maritime journey in 2018 lost\n\ntheir life or went missing at sea. This is higher than the average 2013-2015 fatality rate when one\n\nperson in 81 died at sea. In previous years, smugglers were to blame for the majority of these deaths\n\ndue to beating, gunshot wounds or deprivation of food and water. Since 2018, the most common\n\nreason for death or disappearance at sea was due to boats in distress. This means boats that were\n\nlost at sea, had engine troubles, or ran out of food, water or fuel. Dangers were made more acute by\n\nthe absence of professional sailors on board and the fact that vessels used by refugees were usually\n\nnot built for, equipped, or in a good state of maintenance required to take a long journey on the open\n\nseas.\n\n\n_\u201cWe were desperate, drifting at sea without food or water.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 33 years old, male]\n\n\nOn 11 June 2019, 64 Rohingya refugees were on board this vessel when it washed ashore after experiencing engine trouble\nand running out of fuel and food. The passengers were found in Koh Rawee, an island located in southern Thailand. They were\nidentified as victims of trafficking by the Thai authorities. Credit: Thailand Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant\nConservation; 11 June 2019\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nA Rohingya boy who was rescued after his boat ran aground. \u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Siew\n\n\n**\u201c** _**We could easily have drifted into the open sea where no one would find us**_ **\u201d**\n\n\n_\u201cWe left from Bangladesh by boat with about 160 people on board. We spent 12 days [at sea]_\n\n_waiting for the boat to fill up, then we started to sail. We did not get enough food or water, so we_\n\n_were hungry and thirsty. When we approached the smugglers to give us more, they beat us with_\n\n_iron rods. For the last one and a half days of the journey, we had no food at all. We were_\n\n_crammed into the lower deck. The captain had a gun and fired it into the air three times,_\n\n_threatening to shoot us if we tried to go outside. When it rained, we got wet, and because I was_\n\n_damp all the time, I got sick with a fever. After one week, I heard we reached Malaysia, but while_\n\n_we were waiting [\u2026], our boat ran out of fuel, and we drifted. The wind pushed our boat to an_\n\n_island, where we were rescued. We could easily have drifted into the open sea where no one_\n\n_would find us. I am thankful to have survived.\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n##### **Focus on the response to mixed movements at sea**\n\n\n**Search and Rescue at Sea**\n\n\nThere are clear duties under international maritime law, and a longstanding maritime tradition, to\n\nassist persons in distress at sea. The duty to assist persons in distress at sea applies \u201cregardless of\n\nthe nationality or status of such persons or the circumstances in which they are found.\u201d [16] The duty to\n\nassist thus applies in respect of all refugees and migrants in distress at sea, regardless of their\n\nparticular status or circumstances.\n\n\nIn April 2018, local Indonesian fishermen were exemplary in fulfilling their duty to come to the aid of 84\n\nrefugees in distress, whose vessels were lost at sea. The vessels had no qualified crew and had\n\nexhausted food, water and fuel supplies. 10 people died or went missing at sea on one of the vessels\n\nbefore the survivors were rescued and disembarked to a place of safety. In addition to Presidential\n\nRegulation No.125 determining governmental agencies\u2019 response to new arrivals of refugees and\n\nmigrants, the Indonesian Search and Rescue Agency has developed operational procedures to\n\nensure coordinated rescue at sea and disembarkation of refugees and migrants in distress at sea.\n\nThese remain, however, the rare examples of good practices in the region.\n\n\n**Disembarkation to a place of safety, identification of needs and response**\n\n\nAlthough international maritime law does not provide for categorical obligations where a State is duty\n\nbound to allow disembarkation on its territory, key treaties indicate that the State responsible for the\n\nsearch-and-rescue region in which a rescue takes place is required to \u201cexercise primary responsibility\n\nfor ensuring such co-ordination and cooperation occurs, so that survivors assisted are disembarked\n\nfrom the assisting ship and delivered to a place of safety.\u201d [17]\n\n\nIn 2016, the Member States of the Bali Process, an international forum to discuss issues relating to\n\nirregular movement, smuggling and human trafficking, agreed on the Bali Declaration. This document\n\nexpressed, among others, encouragement for states to work together to identify more predictable\n\ndisembarkation options for irregular migrants stranded at sea. [18] Three years later, no regional\n\n\n_16 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (\u201cSOLAS Convention\u201d), 1974, Annex, Chapter V, Regulation 33(1); International_\n_Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (\u201cSAR Convention\u201d), 1979, Annex, para 2.1.10._\n\n_17 SOLAS, Annex, Chapter V, Regulation 33(1-1); International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (\u201cSAR Convention\u201d), 1979, Annex,_\n\n_para 3.1.9. For relevant non-binding International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines, see in particular IMO, Rescue Guidelines, and IMO,_\n_Principles Relating to Administrative Procedures for Disembarking Persons Rescued at Sea, 22 January 2009, FAL.3/Circ.194, available at:_\n_www.refworld.org/docid/524be8244.html (\u201cDisembarkation Principles\u201d)._\n\n_18 The 2016 Bali Declaration, at paragraph 5, called upon states to \u201cimprove identification of those with protection needs\u201d, \u201cidentify more_\n\n_predictable disembarkation options\u201d, and \u201cencourage further capacity building of the relevant agencies in search and rescue operations.\u201d The_\n_2016 Bali Declaration is available at: https://bit.ly/2lTmMyD_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\narrangements have yet been established to ensure predictable disembarkation options as an essential\n\ncomponent of a protection-sensitive response to mixed maritime movements in South-East Asia.\n\nNevertheless, the establishment in January 2017 by the Bali Process of a Task Force on Planning and\n\nPreparedness (TFPP) is a positive development to encourage increased cooperation between states\n\nto promote protection at sea. Although states\u2019 response to mixed movements by sea has remained to\n\ndate uncoordinated and ad-hoc, the TFPP with the support of the Regional Support Office to the Bali\n\nProcess (RSO) has taken steps to foster cooperation between key stakeholders and support a more\n\npredictable response.\n\n\n**A place of safety**\n\nThe International Maritime Organization\u2019s 2004 Rescue Guidelines indicate that a place of safety\n\nis a place:\n\n - where the survivors\u2019 safety of life is no longer threatened;\n\n - where their basic human needs (such as food, shelter and medical needs) can be met; and\n\n - from which transportation arrangements can be made for the survivors\u2019 next or final\n\ndestination.\n\n\nAs per available information, vessels transporting refugees and migrants were disembarked in\n\nBangladesh (2%), Indonesia (7%), Malaysia (47%), Myanmar (33%), and Thailand (10%) during the\n\nreporting period. Survivors of the sea journey are often in poor health and may be victims of gender\nbased violence or trafficking. They require expert support to address their protection, medical and\n\npsychosocial needs. State practices vary but efforts should be recognized.\n\n\nIn Thailand, government multi-disciplinary teams conduct a screening to identify victims of trafficking.\n\nIf found to be victims of trafficking, they are transferred to shelters to facilitate their rehabilitation and\n\ninvestigations of suspected smugglers. When vessels carrying refugees have landed in Aceh in\n\nIndonesia, local authorities lead the initial response to new arrivals by sea, providing shelter and\n\nassistance to survivors including minors, in line with Presidential Regulation No. 125 adopted in\n\nDecember 2016. In Malaysia, UNHCR works closely with the National Human Rights Institution\n\n(SUHAKAM) to address the protection needs of new arrivals by sea. UNHCR and its partners have\n\nenhanced preparedness activities, identifying relevant expertise and capacities to deploy in the event\n\nof larger number of new arrivals by sea.\n\n\nUpon request, UNHCR provides support to destination countries to identify those with international\n\nprotection needs, conduct best interest determinations for unaccompanied refugee minors, as well as\n\nprovide translation services to support the authorities\u2019 initial response. In the context of mixed\n\nmovements, a prompt screening of international protection needs can facilitate timely returns, in safety\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\nand dignity, of those found not to need international protection or with no compelling humanitarian\n\nneeds.\n\n\nA girl facing an uncertain future in detention. \u00a9 UNHCR/ Rachakorn Surabhakdi\n\n\n**\u201cHe told me my trip would be smooth and no harm would happen to me\u201d**\n\n\n_\u201cThe broker who smuggled me said I would be safely delivered to my fianc\u00e9e who is living in_\n\n_another country. He told me my trip would be smooth and no harm would happen to me. But the_\n\n_reality was totally different. We were crammed into cars and trucks, it was so hot inside and_\n\n_sometimes I could hardly breathe. I felt dizzy and vomited many times. We were fed when the_\n\n_vehicles stopped, but sometimes we travelled for one or two days straight without any food, and_\n\n_not enough water._\n\n\n_My journey ended when I was arrested before I reached my destination. I was brought to a_\n\n_government facility and am kept here. I am no longer free. I cannot talk to my parents or fianc\u00e9e._\n\n_In Myanmar, we could not leave the village because of the security situation, but at least I could_\n\n_walk around and talk to people. Now I can\u2019t go anywhere. All I want now is a solution that can give_\n\n_me just a bit of hope. The broker who smuggled me broke their promise. I would say to him, \u2018Look_\n\n_what you have done! Look where I have ended up now.\u2019\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n_\u201cSince there is no peace, no life, no future; people will continue to jump into the sea.\u201d_\n\n[Rohingya refugee, 29 years old]\n\n\n\nIn response to the concerns outlined in this\n\nreport, South-East Asian states and other\n\nregional stakeholders should implement a\n\ncomprehensive long-term approach to manage\n\nmixed movements in the region. Specifically,\n\nUNHCR calls for:\n\n\n**Addressing push factors**\n\n\nAs long as the root causes of displacement\n\nremain unresolved, refugees will continue to be\n\ncompelled to undertake dangerous journeys in\n\nsearch of safety for them and their families.\n\n- Support improvement of conditions in\n\nrefugees\u2019 countries of origin to make it\n\npossible for refugees to return voluntarily\n\nin safety and dignity.\n\n- Enhance efforts to support refugee self\nreliance in countries of asylum to ensure\n\ndignity in their country of exile, help\n\nrefugees contribute to their host\n\ncommunities and prepare them for a future\n\nwhere they can re-establish their life\n\npermanently in their home country.\n\n- Increase solidarity and support for\n\ncountries along key migration routes to\n\nstrengthen access to protection where\n\nrefugees are located and thus reduce the\n\nneed for dangerous irregular journeys.\n\n\n\n**Access to safe and legal pathways**\n\n\n- Expand access to safe and legal migration\n\npathways by promoting educational\n\nopportunities (e.g. scholarship\n\nprogrammes), labour mobility schemes\n\nand family reunification visas for refugees.\n\n\n**Protection at sea**\n\n\nA coordinated and predictable regional\n\nresponse is required for rescue at sea, placing\n\nhuman life and dignity at its core in line with\n\nthe spirit of the 2016 Bali Declaration.\n\n- Support and actively engage the Bali\n\nProcess Task Force on Planning and\n\nPreparedness (TFPP) to promote\n\nresponsibility-sharing and support\n\nincreased search and rescue capacity,\n\npredictable disembarkation options, and\n\nmechanisms to identify those with\n\nprotection needs. Immediate priorities can\n\ninclude the establishment of a joint\n\ncontingency plan and standard operating\n\nprocedures to respond to mixed maritime\n\nmovements.\n\n- Strengthen the timely identification of\n\nvictims of trafficking, persons with medical\n\nneeds, and survivors of sexual and\n\ngender-based violence, including male and\n\nchild survivors, and ensure their referral to\n\nadequate multi-sectoral services.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to asylum**\n\n\n- Strengthen identification of those with\n\ninternational protection needs at borders\n\nand provide access to asylum procedures.\n\n- Interception measures at sea should not\n\nresult in asylum-seekers and refugees\n\nbeing denied access to international\n\nprotection or result in those in need of\n\ninternational protection being returned,\n\ndirectly or indirectly, to the frontiers of\n\nterritories where their life or freedom would\n\nbe threatened.\n\n\n\n2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n**Alternative to detention for the**\n**protection of children**\n\n\n - End the detention of children for\n\nimmigration purposes, without undermining\n\nthe principle of family unity, and ensure\n\nearly identification of asylum-seeking\n\nunaccompanied and separated children\n\nand their integration within national child\n\nprotection systems.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / 2019 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 - JUNE 2019 REFUGEE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e64b01bb-1290-3fb3-b286-b376049ac549/5d91e2564.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_129/raw/doc_129_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_129/raw/doc_129_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9ebfd03ffb4f867a12649f4202ca6cef084854ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_129/raw/doc_129_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,390 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2O2O-2025 Supporting protection and solutions\n\nSeptember 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n#### Contents\n\n\nI. Introduction 3\n\nII. What we aim to achieve 4\n\nIII. Our Principles 6\n\nIV. Why invest now in data and information management? 8\n\nV. Defining UNHCR\u2019s role in data and information 10\n\nVI. Defining our approach 14\n\nVII. Priority Actions 16\n\n###### Acknowledgements\n\n\nThe UNHCR Data Transformation Strategy was developed in a collaborative\nprocess, based on essential inputs from the UNHCR High Commissioner, Senior\nExecutive team, UNHCR staff in Geneva, Copenhagen, the Regional Bureaux\nand many field offices, as well as partner organization staff and external\nconsultants. UNHCR would like to thank these individuals and groups for their\ntime and valuable input into this strategy and its subsequent execution. Without\ntheir support, this strategy would not have been possible.\n\nThis document is issued by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees for general distribution. All rights are reserved. Reproduction is\nauthorized, except for commercial purposes, provided UNHCR is acknowledged.\n\n\n~~CONTACT US~~\n\n**Ms. Sara Tholozan**\nCommunications Coordinator\nUNHCR Operational Data Service\n\nTel.: +45 45 33 6509\nEmail: [tholozan@unhcr.org](mailto:tholozan@unhcr.org)\n\n\n2 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n## I. Introduction\n\n**Data on forcibly displaced and stateless populations is critical to inform**\n**the international agenda and political debates on forced displacement**\n**and related issues, and to guide strategy development, policy-making**\n**and programming choices at the global, regional and national levels.**\n**Many humanitarian and development agencies recognize the importance**\n**of data on forcibly displaced populations and statelessness, and in the**\n**context of Agenda 2030, have made efforts to collect, collate and**\n**analyse such information.**\n\n\n\n**As the UN Agency with a responsibility to protect**\n**and assist asylum-seekers, refugees, internally**\n**displaced persons (IDPs), returnees and stateless**\n**people,** UNHCR has a vital role to play in generating\nand using information on forced displacement and\nstatelessness. Such information can save lives,\nsafeguard rights and well-being, and contribute to\nresilience and long-term solutions. With quality and\ntimely data, UNHCR and its partners can inspire\nconfidence and trust, take decisions informed by\nevidence, make resource allocations more effectively,\ninform communications and advocacy, and\ndemonstrate accountability.\n\n\n\nUNHCR currently generates and uses various types of\ndata and information on forced displacement and\nstatelessness situations, on affected populations, and\non its response. Increasingly, UNHCR\u2019s approach to\nstrengthen data and information systems is based on\ncollaboration, collective efforts and joint engagement\nwith partners and stakeholders, as the optimal way to\nboth ensure the effective use of resources and to\nachieve outcomes for those affected by forced\ndisplacement. UNHCR\u2019s data transformation strategy\npresents a vision, strategic priorities and key actions\nthat will be undertaken to enhance strategic and\nresponsible use of timely, quality data and information\nin line with this future approach.\n\n\n\n_Arua district in Northern Uganda near South Sudan 1 May, 2017. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jiro Ose_\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **WHAT WE AIM TO ACHIEVE**\n\n## II. What we aim to achieve\n\n\n**Our vision is that by 2025, UNHCR is a trusted leader on data and**\n**information related to refugees and other affected populations,**\n**thereby enabling actions that protect, include and empower.**\n\n\n_A Malian woman goes though the biometric screening procedure at a distribution centre in Mbera camp, part of the monthly food and cash_\n_distribution. \u00a9 UNHCR/Viola E. Bruttomesso_\n\n\n4 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**WHAT WE AIM TO ACHIEVE** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\n\nOur data strategy is geared\ntowards **connecting**\n**knowledge and learning**\n**across the organization. We**\n**balance the need for**\n**centralized data**\n**managemen** t standards,\nsystems, processes, and tools\nwith the requirement to\nenable innovation at the\nregional and local level and to\n**be responsive and adaptive**\n**to different needs.**\n\n\n\nOur data investments are\n**driven by our mission to**\n**protect and seek solutions**\n**for refugees and other**\n**forcibly displaced.** UNHCR\nmeasures and adapts its\ndata management and\naims to be accountable to\naffected populations,\ndonors, and other\nstakeholders.\n\n\n\nOur systems **leverage and**\n**adapt technology** in how\ndata is collected, shared,\nstored, analysed, protected\nand used. Recognising the\nvariation in operational\ncontexts, our systems will\nhave options and\nalternatives that **work in**\n**low-resource and low-**\n**technology settings.**\n\n\n\nOur data strategy will ensure\nwe are **outward-facing,**\n**collaborative and**\n**transparent. Our data**\n**ecosystem will communicate**\n**with and offer value to other**\n**systems** such as those\ndeveloped by governments,\nthe World Bank, partner\nplatforms, and UN agencies.\n\n\n\nOur data strategy will\nenable us to lead globally\n**on data protection,**\n**security and data ethics,**\nand will ensure that all\npersons of concern have\naccess to their data and\nother information to make\ndecisions about their lives.\n\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **OUR PRINCIPLES**\n\n## III. Our Principles\n\n\n_UNHCR staff member receives refugees on 7 May during a food distribution at South Sudan\u2019s Gorom refugee camp. \u00a9 UNHCR/Elizabeth Stuart_\n\n\n**UNHCR data and information activities will be guided by core principles**\nthat are applicable regardless of the type, context, or purpose. Anchored in\nthe overall imperative of \u201cDo no harm\u201d, these principles will ensure that our\nactivities are consistent with responsible and ethical approaches to data\nmanagement in humanitarian contexts.\n\n\n6 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OUR PRINCIPLES** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\n###### People Centred\n\nUNHCR data and information activities will be guided\nby the interests and rights of the people we seek to\nserve and the communities around them. Activities\nwill be conducted in an objective, impartial and\ntransparent manner. Affected populations will be\nincluded and meaningfully engaged whenever\npossible, in accordance with our accountability and\ncommitment to them.\n###### Purpose and proportion\n\nUNHCR data and information activities will serve\nspecific information needs and defined purposes in\norder to avoid unnecessary burdens on and potential\nharm to both those who provide data and those who\nmanage it.\n\n\nThe purposes will be specific and clearly defined as\nwell as proportional to the expected benefits, risks\nand costs associated with protection and solutions.\n\n\n###### Data protection and security\n\nThe UN\u2019s Personal Data Protection and Privacy\nprinciples and UNHCR\u2019s Data Protection Policy inform\nall processing of personal data. Moreover, UNHCR\ndata and information activities will adhere to high\ninternational information and cybersecurity standards,\nincluding the concept of privacy, by design and by\ndefault.\n\n\n\n_UNHCR staff member uses an iris scanner on a refugee\u2019s eye to confirm identification at South Sudan\u2019s Gorom refugee camp._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Elizabeth Stuart_\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?**\n\n## IV. Why invest now in data and information management?\n\n\n\nThere are **eight** critical developments that will affect\nUNHCR\u2019s protection and delivery of assistance\nsignificantly in the coming 5 to 10 years. All require\nUNHCR, and others, to consider needs and\nopportunities for data and information differently in\nthe coming years.\n\n\nFirst, there is growing recognition that **the**\n**achievement of the UN Sustainable Development**\n**Goals is contingent on the extent to which those**\n**forcibly displaced are included and empowered in**\n**the coming years.** Two billion people live in countries\nwhere development outcomes are affected by\nfragility, conflict and violence. At the end of 2018, 70.8\nmillion people were forcibly displaced from their\nhomes; nearly 25.9 million were refugees. Reliable,\nup-to-date facts and figures about protection\ncontexts, vulnerabilities and needs will drive targeted\npolicies and actions.\n\n\nSecond, in this context, the Global Compact on\nRefugees guides the international community by\nmobilizing political will, broadening the support base\nand activating arrangements for more equitable and\npredictable burden- and responsibility-sharing. **Timely**\n**and accurate information on the indicators and**\n**measures of success of the global compact will be a**\n**critical element in ensuring such support.**\n\n\nThird, a data revolution is taking place around the\nworld, and many within the UN system see **data as a**\n**game-changer for informing policy and practice.**\n**UNHCR\u2019s contributions will generate better and**\n**more powerful data and evidence on the**\n\n\n\n**circumstances of forcibly displaced populations.**\nAchieving this role is dependent on boosting data\ncollection, management and analytical capacities.\n\n\nAs an example, the partnership with the World Bank\non the Joint Data Centre on Forced Displacement is a\nstep in the right direction. The Joint Data Centre aims\nto support collective, sustainable efforts to ensure\nthat socioeconomic data on forcibly displaced\npopulations are systematically collected, analysed,\nand made available to interested stakeholders\nthrough secure and open access. The Joint Data\nCentre will influence, complement and reinforce\nUNHCR\u2019s own data and information management\nsystems for better data and evidence.\n\n\nFourth, **global trends around the collection and use**\n**of personally identifiable information, biometrics**\n**and the emerging ethical issues** pose risks to\nUNHCR and most importantly, the individuals and\nfamilies that UNHCR serves. UNHCR has unique\nexperience with personal data, particularly of\nrefugees, and is well placed to leverage advances in\ntechnology to develop more sophisticated systems\nthat will protect identities and ensure the security and\nintegrity of personal data.\n\n\nFifth, **governments are seeking greater accountability**\n**and transparency on the impact, results, and**\n**appropriate and prudent use of humanitarian and**\n**development financing.** UNHCR\u2019s authority and\ninfluence rest heavily on its ability to show results and\nefficiencies, as well as gaps in implementation and\ncoverage. Better data will ensure ongoing support and\n\n\n\n8 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Compact on\nRefugees", - "confidence": 0.5424712896347046, - "start": 206, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5465126633644104, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5421026349067688, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Data Centre on Forced Displacement", - "confidence": 0.8743600845336914, - "start": 374, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5499619245529175, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.7181268334388733, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "forcibly displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.8820542097091675, - "start": 341, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "personally identifiable information", - "confidence": 0.7884262204170227, - "start": 467, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5535390973091125, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.531238317489624, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals and\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.6550790071487427, - "start": 492, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\n\nfinance in line with Grand Bargain commitments.\nExternal benchmarking shows that others have already\nmade investments in many of these areas.\n\n\nSixth, the UN Secretary General has embarked on an\nambitious set of reforms to align the UN development\nsystem with the 2030 Agenda. **In particular, the**\n**Common Country Analysis, the Cooperation**\n**Framework and the Joint Workplan will require**\n**stronger partnerships for data and information, joint**\n**needs assessments, and shared platforms for**\n**reporting.**\n\n\nSeventh, UNHCR recently issued the Internally\nDisplaced Population Policy and Guidance Package\nto strengthen UNHCR\u2019s commitments to IDPs. The\npolicy outlines the data needs, systems and methods\nassociated with IDPs and describes how, in line with\nits role in managing evidence and information,\n**UNHCR aims to invest in data on internally and**\n**forcibly displaced populations.**\n\n\n\nEighth, the timeframe of this strategy encompasses the\nremaining years of the Global Action Plan to End\nStatelessness 2014\u22122024 (GAP). One of the key\nactions in the GAP is to **improve quantitative and**\n**qualitative data on stateless populations.** As\ngathering data continues to be a major challenge to\nresolving statelessness, stepping up efforts through\nthe analysis of civil registration data, population\ncensuses, targeted surveys and studies is key to\nreaching the GAP goal and will be pursued as part of\nthe strategy.\n\n\n\n_UNHCR staff member punches a card that records food distributions in South Sudan\u2019s Gorom refugee camp. \u00a9 UNHCR/Elizabeth Stuart_\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "civil registration data", - "confidence": 0.9816857576370239, - "start": 267, - "end": 270 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5167869925498962, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.7199513912200928, - "start": 242, - "end": 244 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population\ncensuses", - "confidence": 0.8384751081466675, - "start": 271, - "end": 273 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "card", - "confidence": 0.5078822374343872, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.626330554485321, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan\u2019s Gorom refugee camp", - "confidence": 0.6107318997383118, - "start": 306, - "end": 313 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?**\n\n## V. Defining UNHCR\u2019s role in data and information\n\n\n\nUNHCR works globally with refugees and asylum\nseekers, stateless persons, returnees and internally\ndisplaced persons. To protect and assist these\npopulation groups, UNHCR needs to access a\ncomplex range of different types of data and\ninformation:\n\n\n- The humanitarian situation and the wider\nenvironment (including social, economic, political,\nlegal and policy);\n\n- The people affected by the situation (notably\npopulation data about their number, location, and\nprofile, including specific vulnerabilities and\nneeds); and\n\n- Operational information on delivery of protection\nand assistance of a given response to the\nsituation.\n\n\nThese different types of data must be collected by\nUNHCR or by others, analysed, and presented in a\ntimely manner in order to manage resources, respond\neffectively, and advocate for affected populations.\nUNHCR and its partners already collect and use a\nsignficant amount of data, and there are currently\nsome systems to manage and analyse this\ninformation for decision-makers and staff at all levels.\nWhile these efforts have created a data-rich\nenvironment, there is room to improve how data is\nintegrated and pulled together, its quality and\nintegrity, and consistency and efficiency.\n\n\n\nIn the coming years, UNHCR aims to enhance and\ntransform its data and information management to\nbecome more effective at interrogating and analysing\na wider range of evidence for planning, monitoring,\nadvocacy, learning, course correction, reporting and\nexternal communications. Part of this ambition means\nrecognising where UNHCR needs to collect data\nitself, and where it can use data collected by others,\nhow and what data to share with others to help build\na common understanding of protection needs, risks\nand capacities of refugees and other affected\npopulations, and ultimately to demonstrate results.\n\n\n\n10 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\nData Sources\nUNHCR Uses\n\n**Government** **Partner** **UNHCR** **UN Agencies** **Open Data**\n\n\nOperational Data\nUNHCR Uses\n\n\n\n**Identity & Case** **Activity &** **Assessment &**\n**Management** **Results Data** **Sectoral**\n**Monitoring**\n\n\n\n**Demographic &**\n**Socioeconomic**\n**Data**\n\n\n\nAdminstrative Data\nUNHCR Uses\n\n**Finance** **Supply Chain** **HR**\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Operational Data", - "confidence": 0.5473243594169617, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5902513861656189, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has several current and emerging assets in\ndata collection and analysis, which it can leverage in\nthis data transformation:\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s work on international protection and**\n**durable solutions for a wide range of population**\n**groups affected by humanitarian crises and**\n**stateless persons**\nUNHCR is obligated to report on the status and\nprotection conditions of refugees and stateless\npersons. We have also been responding to the needs\nof IDPs for many decades, notably as a result of the\nUN Humanitarian Reform (2005) and the Inter-Agency\nStanding Committee Transformative Agenda (2011).\n\n\n**Deep relationships and trust with refugees and**\n**other persons of concern**\nPersons of concern trust UNHCR to responsibly and\npurposefully manage personal and/or sensitive\ninformation concerning individual experiences and\nsituations. This provides UNHCR with legitimacy in\ninfluencing the international response from\ngovernments and the public.\n\n\n**Global impartial humanitarian agency and deep**\n**field presence**\nAs of August 2019, UNHCR was working in 130\ncountries across 478 locations involving 721 operations.\nOur humanitarian values and response capacity enable\nus to reach a variety of persons in different contexts.\nUNHCR can provide global, regional and country\nsituation analysis for more effective responses,\nparticularly in hard-to-reach areas.\n\n\n_1 UNHCR, Global Focus, http://reporting.unhcr.org/operations_\n\n\n\n**Close relationships with governments and other**\n**stakeholders**\nUNHCR has invested in building collaborative\nrelationships with governments, recognising and\nsupporting them as primary duty bearers. UNHCR will\ncontinue to strengthen these relationships which\nallow access to locations and delivery of assistance\nand services to persons of concern and to work with\ngovernments to improve the quality and availability of\ndata and information.\n\n\n**Experience with and access to identity management**\n**of forcibly displaced populations**\nUNHCR\u2019s experience with registration and broader\nidentity management enables us to understand\nvulnerabilities, target assistance and undertake case\nmanagement, a unique aspect of our work.\n\n\n\n12 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**WHY INVEST NOW IN DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGMENT?** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **DEFINING OUR APPROACH**\n\n## VI. Defining our approach\n\n\n\nAchieving the vision described above will require\nUNHCR to invest in data and information\nmanagement. The trends and shifts in context create\nan urgency to build a mature data and information\necosystem within UNHCR, for itself and other\nstakeholders; **status quo is not an option.** At the\nsame time, UNHCR is well-positioned to make these\ninvestments, yielding some quick results as well as\nlong-term benefits.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s approach to data transformation is\ndesigned to: **maximise the value of our data and**\n**information** by getting the best quality data that we\ncan, by focusing data collection on information that is\nuseful and useable, whether collected by us or\nothers, and by making the most of the data we have\nto inform policy and programming; **enhance data**\n**literacy** by making sure that our people have the\nknowledge and skills to use data responsibly and\neffectively; and **make a positive contribution** by\nusing and managing our data in planning and\nmonitoring our work for refugees and other affected\npopulations and communicating our results. The data\ntransformation is taking place concurrently with\nUNHCR\u2019s regionalization efforts and implementation\nof the strategy reflects this new structure.\n\n\nMore specifically, UNHCR will make investments to\nadapt to the evolving data landscape. The data\ntransformation strategy outlines that current data\nmanagement systems will be more inter-operable;\nthat a corporate data governance framework will be\nestablished to provide secure processes for data\nsharing and transfer; and to support better use of\nqualitative, quantitative and participatory data\nthroughout the programme cycle.\n\n\n\nUNHCR also must ensure that individuals and\ncommunities have the data and information needed\nto enhance their own protection, meet their own\nneeds and identify their own solutions. The fastchanging digital identity landscape calls for new\nframeworks that facilitate the flow and use of data\nwhile also ensuring the right to privacy and data\nprotection.\n\n\n**How the data strategy links with UNHCR\u2019s**\n**Results-Based Management (RBM) System**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s RBM system, Results Framework,\nprocesses and associated indicators are currently\nbeing redesigned. The new framework will establish\na limited set of core outcome and impact indicators\nthat enable aggregated global analysis and reporting.\n\n\nThe new structure will also enable linkages to SDGs\nwhere appropriate. Furthermore, there will be\nflexibility at the country operation level to enable for\ncontext specificity and linkages with UN-wide efforts\nas relevant. Finally, sectors will provide guidance on\nbest practices in indicator selection and use to\ncountry operations.\n\n\nProviding norms, standards and policies that guide\nhow data is collected, stored, protected and shared\nagainst these core indicators is part and parcel of\nthe data strategy.\n\n\nThe RBM team and the HQ data service will work\nclosely to develop and disseminate guidance and\ntools on data collection and systems for storage and\nsharing in collaboration with technical teams at\nbureaux/headquarters for use by regional data\nplatforms and country operations.\n\n\n\n14 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEFINING OUR APPROACH** DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nU N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 **PRIORITY ACTIONS**\n\n## VII. Priority Actions\n\n\n**UNHCR will invest in four complementary priority areas** that will be\nimplemented across the organization in the coming five years in a\nsequenced manner to achieve the vision and strategic outcomes.\n\n\n###### A. Investing in Data Management and Governance\n\nEffective data management in UNHCR will only be\npossible through adherence to norms and policies,\ndisciplined data management and sound data and\ninformation sharing practices.\n\n\nRules, norms and practices to govern and align\nUNHCR\u2019s data and information systems are crucial to\nensure that headquarters, regional and country data\nsystems are effective, consistent and systematic, and\nare prerequisites for global aggregation.\n\n###### B. Investments in Information Systems\n\nBased on a corporate set of norms and standards for\ndata management and a data governance structure,\ninvestments in information systems and processes\nthat enable UNHCR to efficiently and systematically\ncapture, use, share and highlight quality data at all\nlevels will need to be enhanced.\n\n\nThese investments should be made leveraging the\ntechnology and data trends to ensure data protection\nand security, data quality and consistency, as well as\ninter-operability and mutual data transfer with external\nsystems. Some investments that are unique to\nrefugee and stateless populations are needed, while\nothers will be unique to IDP situations.\n\n\n###### C. Investing in Capacities\n\nCapacity investments include recruitment of new and\nadditional expertise in the area of data science and\nanalytics; reskilling of existing staff working on data\nand information; and general capacity-building among\nall managers on data interpretation and use.\n###### D. Investing in Culture\n\nCulture is the hardest one to evolve, as it requires\nstaff to become familiar with using data in their\nday-to-day work for partner management, decisionmaking, communication and planning.\n\n\nOne example of introducing a change in culture is the\nuse of data-informed decision-making by senior\nmanagement in formal communications and staff\nmeetings. Senior managers can also set expectations\nfor staff to present data on a regular basis that helps\nto inform operational performance tracking, planning\nand targeting of assistance.\n\n\n\n16 U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "U N H C R / 1 3 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 9 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### DATA TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 2020-2025 Supporting protection and solutions\n\n##### September 2019\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a93f3623-ab55-3c8d-9e2d-142b85e41d33/5dc2e4734.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_13/raw/doc_13_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_13/raw/doc_13_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ed44af115410087293d8a6bd4dde0911c6cf2fd1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_13/raw/doc_13_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NOTE DE PLAIDOYER** UN BESOIN CRUCIAL DE RENFORCEMENT DES ACTIONS CONTRE LA MENACE CROISSANTE DES ENGINS EXPLOSIFS (EE) AU NIGER\n\n\u2018\u2018L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux populations dans le besoin au Niger s\u2019av\u00e8re plus que n\u00e9cessaire pour l\u2019ensemble des\nacteurs afin de soulager les souffrances de ces populations. Cependant, l\u2019utilisation de plus en plus\nnombreuse des engins explosifs s\u2019amplifie de jour en jour, rendent difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux populations et\ncontinue de grossir le nombre de morts et de bless\u00e9s. Une attention particuli\u00e8re doit \u00eatre port\u00e9e\nvers les incidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs \u2019\u2019\n\n\n_Juillet 2023_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Contexte**\nLe Niger est marqu\u00e9 par une situation humanitaire caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par les attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s\nnon \u00e9tatiques (GANE) dans le Liptako Gourma et dans le bassin du lac Tchad ayant provoqu\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 d\u2019environ 700 000 personnes [1] dont 400,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) [2],\n251 760 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et 50,377 retourn\u00e9s. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par l\u2019Etat et ses partenaires, la\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire reste pr\u00e9occupante dans certaines localit\u00e9s des r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry, Tahoua, Diffa\net Maradi. En 2022, environ de 3,821 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans ces 4 r\u00e9gions et\nont affect\u00e9es 18,408 personnes. Au cours du 1 [er] semestre de 2023, la situation de protection ne s\u2019est\npas am\u00e9lior\u00e9e en d\u00e9pit d\u2019une accalmie constat\u00e9e dans certaines r\u00e9gions. Plus de 1,800 incidents de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin 2023 (en moyenne 955 incidents par trimestre en 2022\ncontre 934 courant 2023). Il est \u00e0 d\u00e9plorer la poursuite des exactions par les GANE y compris les vols\net extorsion de biens, les agressions physiques, les enl\u00e8vements de personnes, les assassinats, les\nviolences sexuelles mais \u00e9galement des incidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs (EE). La situation s\u00e9curitaire\net les op\u00e9rations militaires dans les pays voisins (Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria), la poursuite des\nincursions des GANE au Niger, l\u2019intensification des interventions des Forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(FDS) sont autant des facteurs qui laissent pr\u00e9sager la persistance des menaces des EE au Niger.\n\nEn effet, depuis 2022, la menace des engins explosifs n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de s\u00e9vir dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et\nDiffa. Le Cluster Protection a enregistr\u00e9 environ 55 incidents li\u00e9s aux EE en 2022 (soit une\naugmentation de 34% compar\u00e9 \u00e0 2021). De janvier \u00e0 juin 2023, 32 incidents EE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\nrepr\u00e9sentant plus de la moiti\u00e9 du nombre total des incidents rapport\u00e9s en 2022. Il convient aussi de\nsouligner la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire qui affecte plusieurs d\u00e9partements y compris\nceux touch\u00e9s par les menaces des EE. En effet, face aux effets de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire les\ncommunaut\u00e9s pourraient recourir \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9gative notamment celle de s\u2019aventurer\ndans des zones affect\u00e9es par les EE \u00e0 la recherche de moyens de subsistance voire de r\u00e9colter de la\nferraille trouvable sur des restes explosifs de guerre pour la revendre.\nFace \u00e0 cette menace croissante des EE, les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019actions de lutte anti-mines restent limit\u00e9es au\nNiger. Des d\u00e9fis consid\u00e9rables existent tant dans les actions programmatiques que dans la coordination\ndes interventions. Aucun m\u00e9canisme de coordination de lutte anti-mines n\u2019est fonctionnel ni au niveau\nnational ni dans les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es par les EE. Cela rend difficile l\u2019harmonisation, le ciblage et la\npriorisation strat\u00e9giques des interventions LAM. L\u2019objectif de cette note est de renforcer le plaidoyer\naupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques, les diff\u00e9rents partenaires techniques et financiers afin de soutenir les\nactions de lutte anti-mines au Niger, prot\u00e9ger les communaut\u00e9s et les acteurs humanitaires contre les\nrisques li\u00e9s aux EE et leur permettre de jouir davantage de leurs droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux.\n\n## **II. Analyse de l\u2019\u00e9volution des incidents li\u00e9s aux EE et leur impact**\n\nDu dernier trimestre 2022 au 2eme trimestre de 2023, 56 incidents [3] EE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\nprincipalement dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa [4] . Compar\u00e9 au 1er trimestre 2023, on peut noter\nque le nombre d\u2019incidents EE a doubl\u00e9 au 2eme trimestre de 2023, ce qui traduit une augmentation\npr\u00e9occupante de la menace des EE au Niger .\n\n\n1 UNHCR Niger montlhy PoC statistics, Juin 2023\n2 Statistiques de Mouvement de population, minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action Humanitaire et Gestion de catastrophes,\njuillet 2023\n3 Source : Commission Nationale pour la Collecte et le Contr\u00f4le des Armes Illicites (CNCCAI)\n4 Voir aussi le Briefing INSO et Pr\u00e9sentation CM CMCOORD, juin 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cette menace affecte davantage les civils que les\nmilitaires surtout au 2eme trimestre de 2023 ( **R\u00e9f**\n**fig3** ). En effet, les incidents EE rapport\u00e9s on fait au\ntotal 132 victimes [5] et survivants dont plus de la\nmajorit\u00e9 (52%) sont des personnes civiles (tu\u00e9s ou\n### bless\u00e9s). Le pourcentage des civils tu\u00e9s est presque le double de celui des militaires tu\u00e9s, ce qui fait peser la menace davantage sur les civiles que les militaires et traduit la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de\n\nrenforcer les actions de lutte anti-mines au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es sont celles de Tillab\u00e9ry (zones\ndes 3 fronti\u00e8res dans le Sahel) et de Diffa (r\u00e9gion du\n\nd\u00e9partements [6] affect\u00e9s, et la r\u00e9gion de Diffa en\ncompte 4 . Un nombre minime d\u2019incident EE ont \u00e9t\u00e9\naussi rapport\u00e9e dans 3 autres r\u00e9gions : Agadez, Dosso\net Niamey (R **\u00e9f Fig2** ). Cette situation met \u00e0 risque plus\nde 200,000 personnes vivant dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les EE.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9valence des incidents li\u00e9s aux EE entra\u00eene \u00e9galement des restrictions sur la mobilit\u00e9 des\npopulations civiles sur les axes routiers vers les march\u00e9s hebdomadaires, et les chefs-lieux des\n\n\n\n\n\ncommunes/d\u00e9partements.\nEnviron 36% des personnes\ninterview\u00e9es [7] disent rencontrer\ndes difficult\u00e9s de mobilit\u00e9 du fait\ndes activit\u00e9s des GANE et des\nop\u00e9rations militaires. Cet\nindicateur varie d\u2019une r\u00e9gion \u00e0 une\nautre. Dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et\nTillab\u00e9ry, 56% des personnes\ninterrog\u00e9es d\u00e9clarent rencontrer\ndes restrictions de mobilit\u00e9 dont\nl\u2019une des principales raisons \u00e9tant\nla pr\u00e9sence des EE **.** Cela limite\nconsid\u00e9rablement le ravitaillement\np\u00e9riodique des m\u00e9nages en\nmoyens de subsistances et biens\n\n\n\n5 Commission Nationale pour la Collecte et le Contr\u00f4le des Armes Illicites (CNCCAI). La d\u00e9sagr\u00e9gation par sexe\net \u00e2ge des donn\u00e9es 2023 pour les victimes n\u2019est pas encore disponible. Cependant selon le Sous cluster Protection\nde l\u2019Enfance, le Groupe de travail Protection de l\u2019Enfance de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa a consolid\u00e9 18 enfants victimes\ndes EE en 2022 dont la majorit\u00e9 (74%) sont des filles qui allaient chercher le bois de chauffe.\n6 Il s\u2019agit des d\u00e9partements de: Torodi, Say,T\u00e9ra, Tillab\u00e9ry, Gotheye, Bankilar\u00e9 et, Ouallam (r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry)\net Diffa, Bosso, Main\u00e9 et N'Guingmi (region de Diffa)\n7 Selon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection (P21) au premier semestre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 en plus de la peur et psychose que la pr\u00e9sence impr\u00e9visible des EE installe au\nsein des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nIl est important de noter aussi que sur les 11 d\u00e9partements affect\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et\n### Tillab\u00e9ry, 9 (82%) sont aussi touch\u00e9es par la crise de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire [8] . Ceci pourrait\n\nexacerber les besoins des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 intensifier leur strat\u00e9gie de survie y compris des activit\u00e9s \u00e0\nla recherche de moyens de subsistance pouvant les exposer aux risques d\u2019EE. L\u2019application des\n[sanctions](https://ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/COMMUNIQUE-FINAL-CINQUANTE-ET-UNIEME-SOMMET-EXTRAORDINAIRE-DE-LA-CONFERENCE-DES-CHEFS-DETAT-ET-DE-GOUVERNEMENT-DE-LA-CEDEAO-SUR-LA-SITUATION-POLITIQUE-AU-NIGER.pdf) en cours suite au coup d\u2019\u00e9tat au Niger pourrait augmenter le cout de la vie et accroitre les\nbesoins vitaux des populations d\u00e9j\u00e0 vuln\u00e9rables. Cette situation nouvelle les exposerait \u00e0 des risques\nd\u2019enr\u00f4lement aux GANE moyennant une solde et par cons\u00e9quent augmentera la capacite des GANE\ndans la pose des EE. De surcroit, la population pourrait intensifier leurs strat\u00e9gies de survie en\ns\u2019adonnant \u00e0 plusieurs types d\u2019activit\u00e9s pour s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la chert\u00e9 du cout de la vie y compris la\nrecherche de subsistance dans des zones potentiellement affect\u00e9es par les EE. On pourra ainsi assister\n\u00e0 une recrudescence des incidents des EE.\n\n## **III. D\u00e9fis majeurs dans les interventions en lutte anti-mines (LAM)**\n\n\n\nFig4. Cartographie des interventions LAM, 30 juin 2023\n\n\n\nEn janvier 2023, le\nCluster Protection a\nlanc\u00e9 une initiative\nconjointe de la\ncartographie des\ninterventions de\nprotection y compris les\nactions de lutte antimine. L\u2019analyse des\ndonn\u00e9es issues de cette\ncartographie coupl\u00e9e \u00e0\nl\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es\ndes r\u00e9alisations des\nacteurs de protection\nont fait ressortir le\nconstat ci-dessous :\n\n\n\n\n - Seuls deux acteurs de\nprotection ont des\ninterventions en LAM qui ne couvrent que quelques localit\u00e9s des 7 d\u00e9partements sur 11\nd\u00e9partements affect\u00e9es par les EE ( **R\u00e9f Fig4 & Fig2)** ). 4 sur 11 d\u00e9partements les plus touch\u00e9es\npar les EE restent sans aucune intervention LAM.\n\n - On note un **gap majeur dans les interventions d\u2019Education aux risques d\u2019Engins Explosifs**\n(EREE) dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es par les EE (Diffa, Tillab\u00e9ry, Dosso, Agadez et Niamey).\n\n - Un manque crucial des actions d\u2019assistance aux victimes est observ\u00e9 dans tous les 11\nd\u00e9partements affect\u00e9s ( **R\u00e9f Fig5** ).\n\n\n8 [Situation S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, juin 2023](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FVzLNdVSeHdrZ0iNx0YUf2LNiWuO5gBS/view?usp=sharing)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Les capacit\u00e9s\nexistantes n\u2019ont\npermis d\u2019atteindre\nqu\u2019environ 3,000\npersonnes [9] avec les\nactivit\u00e9s d\u2019EREE,\nrepr\u00e9sentant\nseulement 2% de la\n[cible du plan de reponse humanitaire/HRP.](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-plan-de-reponse-humanitaire-mars-2023) **98% de la cible HRP LAM n\u2019est donc pas atteinte** .\nPar ailleurs, 77% du financement requis pour les interventions LAM n\u2019est pas acquis.\n\n - Il existe \u00e9galement **une absence de ressources humaines d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 la coordination au niveau**\n**national et r\u00e9gional**, la pr\u00e9vention et l\u2019assistance aux victimes. Le Sous-Cluster LAM ne\nfonctionne plus depuis le retrait de UNMAS d\u00e9but novembre 2022, malgr\u00e9 des efforts de\ncoordination conjointe entre la CNCCAI et les op\u00e9rateurs de LAM dont Mines Advisory Group\n(MAG) et Humanit\u00e9 et Inclusion (HI)\n\n - **Un besoin consid\u00e9rable de renforcement de capacit\u00e9s en LAM** pour les diff\u00e9rents acteurs y\ncompris les acteurs humanitaires de premi\u00e8re ligne, les comit\u00e9s LAM est urgemment\nn\u00e9cessaire.\n\n## **IV. Recommandations majeures**\n\nAvec la menace croissante des EE, la faible couverture g\u00e9ographique et la faible diversit\u00e9 des\ninterventions LAM, plus de 200,000 personnes vivant dans les zones impact\u00e9es par les EE restent sans\nassistance et expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un risque accru d\u2019\u00eatre victimes des EE. Il est crucial d\u2019investir davantage dans\nles actions de lutte anti-mines afin de s\u2019assurer que les communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une \u00e9ducation aux\nrisques li\u00e9s aux EE adapt\u00e9e au genre et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge. Cela permettrait \u00e9galement aux communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019adopter un comportement s\u00fbr, et d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux services de prise en charge inclusifs pour les victimes\net survivants des EE. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est primordial de renforcer les aspects suivants :\n\n\n1. Plaidoyer : Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9cideurs (autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques,\n\npartenaires techniques et financiers) pour le retour de UNMAS au Niger\n\n2. Coordination : Identifier des partenaires techniques additionnels pouvant appuyer la\n\ncoordination des interventions LAM au niveau national et r\u00e9gional (Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa)\n\n3. Mobilisation de ressources : En 2023 environ 77% du financement requis pour les\n\ninterventions LAM n\u2019est pas acquis. Il est capital de mobiliser un montant de 2,000,000 USD [10]\npouvant permettre la mise \u00e0 \u00e9chelle de la coordination LAM, la collecte des donn\u00e9es par la\nCNCCAI d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par genre et \u00e2ge, les interventions d\u2019Education aux risques des Engins\nExplosifs (EREE), l\u2019assistance aux victimes, le d\u00e9minage et le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s LAM.\n\n4. Collaboration : Renforcer la collaboration avec les diff\u00e9rents acteurs pour avoir une\n\ncartographie des zones affect\u00e9es par les EE afin d\u2019intensifier les s\u00e9ances de formation, la\nsensibilisation tant aupr\u00e8s des communaut\u00e9s que des acteurs humanitaires\n\n\n9 Dashboard des r\u00e9alisations de protection, cluster Protection, Avril 2023\n10 [plan de reponse humanitaire/HRP 2023-2025, Niger](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-plan-de-reponse-humanitaire-mars-2023)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annexe 1 :** Quelques exemples d\u2019incidents li\u00e9s aux EE _(Sources : Monitoring de protection, CNCCAI,_\n_INSO)_\n\n\n - _**20/03/23 :**_ _aux environs de 08h le v\u00e9hicule d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 aurait saut\u00e9 sur un engin explosif_\n_improvis\u00e9 au niveau de Bougoum, axe Torodi-Niamey (r\u00e9gion Tillab\u00e9ry)_\n\n\n - _**25/05/23 :**_ _EE \u00e0 Ngouba au passage de bergers. 3 morts et des vaches tu\u00e9es (r\u00e9gion de Diffa)_\n\n\n - _**16/06/23**_ _: EE contre un v\u00e9hicule FDS \u00e0 Chetima Wango. 7 morts / 4 bless\u00e9s (r\u00e9gion Diffa)_\n\n\n - _**6/06/23 :**_ _un reste explosif de guerre (REG) a explos\u00e9 contre 03 enfants dans le village de Agali_\n_(d\u00e9partement/commune de Dosso). Les victimes qui \u00e9taient \u00e0 la recherche des ferrailles ont_\n_vraisemblablement confondu l\u2019engin \u00e0 un morceau de fer qu\u2019ils ont tap\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un marteau._\n_L\u2019explosion a occasionn\u00e9 la mort d\u2019un enfant et 02 bless\u00e9s. Il est \u00e0 noter que l'Antenne r\u00e9gionale_\n_de la CNCCAI cens\u00e9e coordonner les activit\u00e9s EREE au niveau r\u00e9gional n'existe pas \u00e0 Dosso_\n_faute des moyens_\n\n\n - _**4/07/2023 :**_ _aux environs de 09h, un Engin Explosif Improvis\u00e9 (EEI) aurait explos\u00e9 au passage_\n_d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FDS de l\u2019op\u00e9ration Niyya, qui patrouillaient sur l\u2019axe Torodi-_\n_Makalondi, non-loin du village de Niaktir\u00e9 (r\u00e9gion Tillab\u00e9ry)_\n\n\n**Annexe 2 :** T\u00e9moignages d\u2019une victime des incidents li\u00e9s aux EE\n\n\n**Histoire d\u2019un homme \u00e2g\u00e9 de 45 ans, victime des engins explosifs, commune de Toumour/r\u00e9gion de Diffa**\n\n\n_Je me souviens de ce dimanche 7 mai 2023, jour du march\u00e9 de Toumour. On s\u2019\u00e9tait entendu avec le d\u00e9funt M. XX pour_\n_aller se ravitailler en vivre. Le matin de bonne heure nous avons emprunt\u00e9 la route. M. XX \u00e9tait devant avec en sa_\n_possession une vache qu\u2019il avait l\u2019intention de vendre. Il \u00e9tait devant moi vu que, la b\u00eate n\u2019arr\u00eatait pas de courir. Entre_\n_nous il y avait environ 20 m\u00e8tre. \u00c0 approximativement 2 kilom\u00e8tres de la commune de Toumour nous avons entendu une_\n_forte d\u00e9tonation insupportable. Je me suis \u00e9vanoui me r\u00e9veillant que quelques heures apr\u00e8s au centre de sante de_\n_Toumour. Je n\u2019avais m\u00eame pas connaissance de comment on m\u2019avait transport\u00e9 l\u00e0-bas. J\u2019\u00e9tais \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 sourd. C\u2019est \u00e0_\n_ce moment-l\u00e0 qu\u2019on m\u2019a racont\u00e9 que, M. XX est mort ainsi que la vache. J\u2019ai appris que c\u2019est lui qui a march\u00e9 sur_\n_l\u2019engin explosif. C\u2019\u00e9tait vraiment terrifiant. Il y\u2019avait du sang qui coulait un peu partout sur mon corps \u00e0 cause de_\n_l\u2019explosion. J\u2019ai eu peur, mais les infirmi\u00e8res m\u2019ont fait comprendre que, ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas grave._\n\n\n_J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge au CSI Toumour. Mais apr\u00e8s j\u2019ai appris que, ma famille a pay\u00e9 de l\u2019argent pour mon traitement._\n_J\u2019ai surmont\u00e9 mon traumatisme tout seul. Cependant, je reconnais que, les agents de sant\u00e9 m\u2019ont bien trait\u00e9 et ont essay\u00e9_\n_de me remonter le moral. Du d\u00e9but jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, j\u2019ai fait des efforts pour oublier ce d\u00e9sastre. Mais ce n\u2019est pas_\n_facile. Je ne peux pas cesser de penser au d\u00e9funt M. XX. En plus, aujourd\u2019hui, je suis \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 sourd car je n\u2019ai qu\u2019une_\n_seule oreille fonctionnelle. J\u2019ai besoin d\u2019une consultation pour retrouver l\u2019audition compl\u00e8te._\n\n\n_Mes voisins viennent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement pour essayer de m\u2019encourager et m\u2019aider \u00e0 tenir le coup. Et aujourd\u2019hui_\n_alhamdulillah, tout est rentr\u00e9 dans l\u2019ordre \u00e0 part le handicap auditif l\u00e9ger qui me d\u00e9range. Nous n\u2019avons pas re\u00e7u des_\n_sensibilisations sur les EE. Peut-\u00eatre, cela est d\u00fb au fait qu\u2019on vivait un peu \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart de Toumour. Actuellement j\u2019ai_\n_peur car dans des situations pareilles ni ma famille ni notre troupeau n\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019abri. Tout le monde est expos\u00e9. Surtout_\n_nous les nomades qui sont en d\u00e9placement permanent._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cette note de plaidoyer \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e avec la contribution de plusieurs acteurs y\n\ncompris :\n\n\n**PROCAP Niger**,\n\n\n**Regional Protection**\n\n**Cluster (WCARO)**\n\n### **POUR PLUS D\u2019INFORMATION, VEUILLEZ CONTACTER**\n\n\n**Aliou MAIGA,** Coordinateur Cluster Protection au Niger\n\n\n**Email :** [maiga@unhcr.org](mailto:maiga@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Zabeirou Alfazazi**, Co Coordinateur du Cluster Protection au Niger\n\n\nEmail : alfazazizabeirou@gmail.com\n\n\n**Daniel Thiombiano**, Co facilitateur du Cluster Protection au Niger\n\n\n**Email** :daniel.thiombiano@drc.ngo\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/246cc207-af41-430c-9600-6cdbb5448cbf/1.%20Note%20plaidoyer%20Lutte%20AntiMines%20-%20Niger_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_130/raw/doc_130_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_130/raw/doc_130_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2da9d64d2d3c80875a788bf2af1d914ab58215cb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_130/raw/doc_130_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,288 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UNHCR\u2019s Approach** **to Age, Gender and** **Diversity**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\nThe United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR) safeguards the rights and\nwell-being of people who have been forced\nto flee, including refugees, asylum-seekers,\ninternally displaced persons, returnees,\nstateless persons and those at risk of\nstatelessness. UNHCR recognises that each\nperson of concern has differing capacities and\npriorities and faces different protection risks.\nThese protection risks may be heightened as\na result of specific age, gender and diversity\ncharacteristics, and the intersection between\nthose characteristics.\n\n\nTo help alleviate these risks and ensure\nassistance and services are accessible to\nall persons of concern and appropriately\nrespond to each person\u2019s priorities and\nneeds, it is critical to understand first their\nrespective experiences and perspectives. This\nshould be done by consulting with persons\nof concern regularly and engaging them in\ndecision-making that affects their lives, and\nleverages their diverse capacities to lead\npositive change in their communities.\n\n\nTo achieve this, UNHCR engages persons\nof concern through an age, gender and\ndiversity (AGD) approach. The AGD approach\nrecognises individuals as unique in their\nneeds, capacities and priorities, promotes\nopportunities to participate in decisions,\nand ensures access to rights for all without\ndiscrimination based on their age, gender,\ndisability, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation,\ngender identity, and other characteristics that\nshape their identities.\n\n\nFor many years, UNHCR field teams have\nused participatory methodologies to promote\nthe role of women, men, girls, and boys of all\nages and backgrounds as agents of change in\ntheir families and communities. UNHCR issued\nkey policies and tools such as the 2006 Tool\nfor Participatory Assessment in Operations,\nthe 2008 Manual on a Community-Based\nApproach in UNHCR Operations, and the 2011\nAge, Gender and Diversity Policy. UNHCR also\norganized global consultations with women\nand youth, to better incorporate their views\ninto the development of policies and tools.\n\n\n\nApplying an AGD approach requires that we\nconsider how age and gender intersect with\nother characteristics (e.g. disability, sexual\norientation and/or gender identity, religion,\nethnicity, income level, education) and\nhow such intersections may lend to more\ncomplex protection risks. It is essential that\nprogrammes and initiatives systematically\nengage a diverse range of persons of\nconcern and address the specific needs of\nthose who are disadvantaged, recognizing\n\n- for example \u2013 that a LGBTI woman or\ngirl, a child with disability, an older woman,\na marginalized or indigenous person with\ndisability, etc. will have a vastly different\n\n\n\nCover photo: Philippines. UNHCR helps community at risk of statelessness. \u00a9UNHCR/Roger Arnold\n\n\n2 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "experience from others and, thus, will face\ndistinct risks and may have additional needs\nthat require specific attention.\n\n\nFor example in Costa Rica, although children\nin most displacement contexts were found to\nexperience limited access to education and\nearly pregnancy, these risks were amplified\nfor indigenous and LGBTI children. As this\nexample illustrates, it is essential to identify\nand examine critically the challenges faced\nby persons of concern and, then, to look\ndeeper to identify when these challenges\nmay be elevated as a result of one or more\ncoinciding risk factors.\n\n\n\nthese commitments and increase accountability to\npersons of concern.\n\n\nThe updated AGD policy (2018) strengthens\norganizational accountability to all persons of concern,\nclearly defining specific responsibilities across senior\nmanagement and entities within UNHCR and calling\nfor consistent monitoring that leads to evidence-based\nregular reporting. The policy is an organization-wide\nengagement, mandatory for all UNHCR operations\nand has expanded its reach, ensuring applicability to\nall persons of concern to UNHCR: refugees, asylumseekers, IDPs, returnees, stateless persons, and those\nat risk of statelessness.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### APPLYING AN AGE, GENDER AND DIVERSITY APPROACH AT UNHCR\n## **I. AGD inclusive programming:**\n\n\n\nThrough more clearly defined data, UNHCR\ncan obtain a comprehensive understanding of\nthe populations it serves and, in particular, the\nunique protection risks faced by the women,\nmen, girls and boys of concern to UNHCR,\nas well as their respective capacities and\nneeds. Having this data and understanding\nenables UNHCR to ensure that programming\nappropriately utilizes the capacities and skills\nof persons of concern and also responds to\nthe needs and protection risks identified.\n\n### Achievements:\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Most UNHCR operations collect data\ndisaggregated by age and sex for both\nanalysis and programming purposes. As a\nresult, operations are able to account for\nthe differing needs of persons of concern\nwith respect to their age and sex.\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s AGD policy requires that at a\nminimum, all data collected by UNHCR\nwill be disaggregated by age and sex\nand by other diversity considerations,\nas contextually appropriate and\npossible, for purposes of analysis and\nprogramming.\n\nAGD policy 2018 \u2013 core action 1\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Some UNHCR operations are\ndisaggregating data by disability, lending\nto potential for improved accessibility\nto UNHCR offices, programmes and\nservices.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** UNHCR operations regularly target\nprogramming to meet the needs of\nwomen and girls, children and youth.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In **Venezuela**, UNHCR initiated profiling and\nregistration exercises which provide for data\ncollected by UNHCR to be disaggregated\nby age, sex and diversity considerations, as\ncontextually appropriate and possible, for\npurposes of analysis and programming.\n\n\n**Lebanon:** An annual vulnerability\nassessment provides data disaggregated\nby district, governorate, gender of the\nhead of household, shelter type, food\nsecurity and economic vulnerability, offering\na deeper understanding of the Syrian\nrefugee population and enabling UNHCR\nand its partners to adapt programming.\nFor example, by disaggregating data, the\nassessment revealed a gender distinction in\nfood-related coping strategies. Gender and\nage disaggregation also provided important\ninformation on the reasons for school\ndropout: work was an overriding reason\ncited by out-of-school males; and, marriage\nwas the most common reason cited by\nfemales.\n\n\n**Europe:** Together with UNICEF and IOM,\nUNHCR collected and disaggregated data on\nrefugee and migrant children who arrived in\nEurope in 2018, providing a synopsis of data\nbroken down by age, gender, nationality,\nstatus (unaccompanied, separated), country\nof arrival, country of registration, and\nresettlement status. This information helps\nsupport decision-making and advocacy\non issues related to refugee and migrant\nchildren.\n### Challenges:\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** The collection of data by disability is\noften challenged by limited capacity\nto identify persons with disabilities.\nSimilarly, LGBTI persons, minorities\nand indigenous persons, and others\nat heightened risk remain unknown to\nUNHCR due to limited capacity to reach\nout to, and collect data on, the most\nmarginalized and less visible groups.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Even though data is typically\ndisaggregated by age, the collection\nof data by differing age groups is\nsometimes lacking, resulting in certain\npopulations (e.g. youth) and their needs\ngoing unidentified and, thus, overlooked.\n\n\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiling and\nregistration exercises", - "confidence": 0.8133581280708313, - "start": 9, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8213800191879272, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Venezuela", - "confidence": 0.8918527364730835, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugee population", - "confidence": 0.5060564875602722, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual vulnerability\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.9521070718765259, - "start": 51, - "end": 54 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9729138016700745, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugee population", - "confidence": 0.7627159953117371, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on\nrefugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.5387213826179504, - "start": 168, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.691301703453064, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.992699921131134, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9943016767501831, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.8818047642707825, - "start": 170, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5128545761108398, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **II. Accountability to Affected People:**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) is a commitment to the intentional and\nsystematic inclusion of the expressed needs, concerns, capacities, and views of persons of\nconcern in their diversity; and being answerable for our organisational decisions and staff\nactions, in all protection, assistance and solutions interventions and programmes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Achievements:\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** **Many UNHCR operations employ**\n**participatory methodologies on a**\n**continuous basis** throughout the\ndifferent phases of assessment,\nplanning, implementation, monitoring\nand evaluation. Participatory assessment\nexercises remain a critical component\nof UNHCR\u2019s AGD and communitybased protection approaches that are\nimplemented across operations. Some\noperations are taking special measures\nto ensure inclusion of populations that\nare often overlooked, including children\nand youth, in participatory assessments\nand within community structures.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** In **Rwanda**, participatory exercises\nwith children are conducted through\ninteractive activities and games (e.g.\ninteractive theatre, photography,\npainting workshops), lending to their\nincreased engagement and feedback.\nSimilarly, in Colombia, recreational\n\n\n\nactivities (handcrafts, photography,\nrole playing) are used during\nparticipatory exercises to help identify\nthe unique needs of children and\nensure their effective participation.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** **Italy:** Following consultations\nwith representative refugee\nnetworks, UNHCR re-prioritized the\nengagement and capacity-building of\nCBOs and refugee-led organizations,\nand PartecipAzione was launched\nin partnership with INTERSOS. To\npromote the protection and active\nparticipation of refugees in the\neconomic, social and cultural life of\nItaly, PartecipAzione helped build\nthe capacity of 10 local communitybased and refugee-led organizations\ncomprised of, or promoting\nparticipation of, refugees. Each\norganization benefited from training,\nfunding and networking, and nearly\n2,000 people participated in activities\nfunded through the projects they\ndeveloped.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 **\u00a9** In **Lebanon**, five community reference\ngroups (CRGs) have been set up\n(47 members, 53% women,\n4% persons with disabilities) to\nadvise on the design of activities and\nprogrammes, including communication\nmethods and tools. In addition, a\nParticipatory Self-Evaluation is being\npiloted whereby 129 refugees have\nbeen mobilized as evaluators to help\nincrease refugee engagement in\nassessments, implementation and\nmonitoring and evaluation.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Many operations have introduced\ndiversified communication channels\nand mechanisms to engage persons\nat heightened risk more effectively\nand to share and obtain information\nabout needs and services. A number\nof operations are using innovative\nmeans (social media forums, telephone\ncounselling, online consultation portals,\nsatellite centres, mobile teams) to\nfacilitate information-sharing and\ncommunication with persons of concern,\nincluding those who are hard-to-reach.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Several operations offer remote\ncommunication options to increase\naccess to the most at-risk, hardto-reach persons of concern to\nUNHCR. In **China**, weekly telephone\ncounselling is provided with\ninterpreter assistance in addition to\nwalk-in counselling and other forms\nof support and information sharing,\nincluding Q&As. In the **Syrian Arab**\n**Republic**, UNHCR uses WhatsApp\ngroups, satellite centres and mobile\nteams. In **Lebanon**, WhatsApp\ncommunication trees allow for\ninformation provision and sharing\nbetween persons of concern and\nbetween UNHCR and persons of\nconcern. In **Costa Rica**, a free-of-cost\ncall centre was established.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** In **Venezuela**, mobile information\ndesks provide counselling to\ncommunity members in a private\nmanner. These mobile desks allow for\nidentification of persons at heightened\nrisk and offer personalized counselling\non rights, referral pathways and\navailable services.\n\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Many UNHCR operations have\nestablished and promoted feedback\nand response systems, including\nfor confidential complaints. UNHCR\nuses results of feedback to adapt its\nprogrammes and strategies and findings\nfrom annual participatory assessment\nexercises feed into planning across\noperations.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** **Ecuador:** A targeted participatory\nassessment exercise was organized\nwith persons of concern who do\nnot speak Spanish, respecting\ngender criteria in each focus group.\nAs a result of the feedback, a\ndifferentiated approach was taken to\npromote inclusion of more women in\nthe Graduation Model and to increase\navailability of Spanish language\ncourses.\n### Challenges:\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Engagement and access to information\nis hindered by location (hard-to-reach,\nsecurity concerns), heightened risk\nfactors, lack of accessible formats of\ncommunication, including language\ncomprehension and literacy level. Efforts\nto ensure inclusion and engagement\nof all persons of concern to UNHCR in\ndecision-making that affects their lives\nneed further investments; they need\nto be more regular, systematic and,\nfor those persons at heightened risk,\ntargeted.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Complaints are not always made due\nto limited access to communication\nchannels or lack of trust in them.\nDifferentiated reporting avenues should\nbe made available across operations to\nfacilitate safe and confidential reporting\non feedback and complaints.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Feedback provided does not\nsystematically receive a response or\nsystematically result in action. Persons\nof concern should be actively and\nsystematically engaged in ongoing\nprogramme monitoring and evaluation\nas well as in end-of-project assessments\nto provide regular or ongoing feedback\nand help improve programming.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **III. Advancing Gender Equality:**\n\n\n\nGender equality is fundamental to the wellbeing and rights of all persons of concern;\nit is central to UNHCR\u2019s AGD approach, and\nit is relevant to every aspect of UNHCR\u2019s\nwork. UNHCR\u2019s Updated Commitments to\nWomen and Girls implicitly recognize the\ndiversity amongst them, including older\nwomen; adolescent girls and female youth;\nwomen and girls belonging to national or\nethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities or\nindigenous groups; women and girls with\ndisabilities; and women and girls of diverse\nsexual orientations and gender identities.\n\n### Achievements:\n\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** UNHCR operations hold focus group\ndiscussions with women and girls\nduring annual Participatory Assessment\nexercises. Many operations have taken\nsteps to ensure equal representation in\nmanagement and leadership structures,\nsupporting women to put in place\nwomen\u2019s committees, prioritizing\nwomen representatives and leaders in\nexisting management structures, and\noffering training to build the leadership\nskills of women and to create a space\nfor them to serve as leaders in their\ncommunities.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** UNHCR operations, including\n**Afghanistan, Burundi, Central**\n**African Republic, Chad, Dominican**\n**Republic, Ethiopia, Georgia, India,**\n**Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Mauritania,**\n**Pakistan, Panama, Rwanda, Senegal,**\n**Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey,**\n**Yemen**, and **Zambia**, engaged women\nin leadership structures and roles.\nAs such, women and girls: supported\nsensitizations and advocacy for\nwomen\u2019s rights; established Women\u2019s\nCommittees to foster mediation and\nconflict resolution within families\nand communities; were engaged\nin decision-making processes and\nmanagement related to community\nissues; supported distributions,\nprotection, sexual and gender-based\nviolence (SGBV), health, education,\n\n\n10 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s Updated Commitments to Women**\n**and Girls**\n\n\n1. Women and girls participate equally and\nmeaningfully in all decision-making, community\nmanagement and leadership structures, and\ncommittees of persons of concern.\n\n2. Women and girls are provided with individual\nregistration and documentation, directly or through\nsupport provided by UNHCR.\n\n3. Women and girls have equal access to and control\nover management and provision of food, corerelief items, and cash-based interventions.\n\n4. Women and girls have equal access to economic\nopportunities, decent work, and quality education\nand health services.\n\n5. Women and girls have access to comprehensive\nSGBV prevention and response services.\n\n\nwater, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)\netc.; and helped support SGBV\nprevention and respond to SGBV and\nsexual exploitation and abuse (SEA)\ncases.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** **Bangladesh:** Women community\noutreach members, community\ngroups and elected leaders\ncontributed to improved identification\nof female refugees at heightened risk,\nindependent access to information for\nwomen and girls, and the provision of\nculturally sensitive peer support on\nissues of trafficking, early marriage,\ngirls\u2019 education and health.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Persons of concern are increasingly\nregistered on an individual basis and\nprovided individual documentation.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Operations, including **Burkina Faso,**\n**Egypt, India, Malaysia, Nepal**,\nand **Uganda**, made specific efforts\nto provide individual registration\nand issue individual documents to\npersons of concern, with an emphasis\non women. Operations also utilized\ninnovative means to ensure persons\nof concern were registered: Joint\nregistration was offered by UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and government authorities in **Chad** ;\nmobile registration was offered\nin remote locations of operations,\nsuch as **Jordan**, and promoted in\n**Venezuela** to support access to\nindigenous populations.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** In many operations, efforts are being\nmade to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019\nincreased access to, and control\nover, assistance and to ensure that\nlivelihoods, education and health\nprogramming target women and girls.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Operations, such as **Mozambique**,\nS **enegal, Tanzania** and **Uganda**, are\nincreasingly designating both men\nand women as primary recipients of\nassistance. In **Liberia**, and **Zambia**,\nwomen are included on distribution\ncommittees.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Efforts are made to develop initiatives\nthat meet the needs and interests\nof women and girls and encompass\nhome-based livelihoods activities and\nchildcare. In **Burkina Faso, Jordan,**\n**Uganda** and **Yemen**, daycare in\ncamps and community centres allows\nmothers to continue their studies\nand to engage in livelihoods and\ncommunity activities.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** The self-reliance of Rohingya refugee\nwomen and host community women\nis promoted in **Bangladesh** via a\ntraining centre and 18 sub-centres\nopened for women to learn silk\nscreen, block printing and tailoring.\nThe women receive a stipend with six\nmonths of training, and their products\nare sold in a well-known retail outlet,\na local social enterprise, that provides\nincome sources to rural women and\nthe raw materials and designs for\nthis project.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** UNHCR operations invest in community\nvolunteers and structures to enhance\nthe identification of SGBV risks, and to\nsupport SGBV prevention and response\nmechanisms; conduct awareness raising\non SGBV as a major prevention and\nrisk mitigation activity, which includes\ninforming survivors and communities\nof services and resources available to\nthem; and run safe spaces for women\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and girls as well as other persons at\nheightened risk to enable survivors to\naccess psychosocial support or other\ntargeted assistance, including cash and\nshelter.\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Safe Spaces Networks, established in\neach country bordering **Venezuela**,\ninclude organizations providing\nholistic services for SGBV survivors.\nSimilarly, five local networks in\nApure, T\u00e1chira, Zulia, Bolivar and\nCaracas carry out activities favouring\nidentification of SGBV incidents and\npromoting a minimum package of\naccessible services (psychosocial\nsupport; medical services; sexual and\nreproductive health services; legal\nassistance; case management).\n\n\n\u00a9 **\u00a9** Through the Community Safety and\nAccess to Justice Project (CSAJ) in\n**Ethiopia**, UNHCR works closely with\nUN partners to train community police\non gender and SGBV response, and\nto increase the number of female\ncommunity police. Mobile courts also\nfacilitate access to justice, particularly\nfor women and girls.\n\n\n12 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n\nIn Jordan, UNHCR supports\nwomen of concern through Social\nEnterprise (SEP), which aims to\nbuild a brand that changes the\nlives and perceptions of refugees\nworldwide. SEP became a Made 51\npartner, allowing a global market\nplatform for refugee artisanal\nproducts to be branded, launched\nand managed. Partnership between\na Jordanian non-governmental\norganization (NGO), the Jordan\nRiver Foundation (JRF), and a\nmultinational corporation, IKEA,\ndraws on business solutions that\nhelp address Jordan\u2019s humanitarian\nand development challenges\nwhile creating jobs and providing\neconomic growth opportunities.\nThrough this project, 75 Syrian\nrefugee women gained employment.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Challenges:\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** The meaningful participation of women\nand girls in leadership and management\nstructures is often limited or tokenistic,\nthus stifling their individual and collective\nagency along with their ability to influence\nthe decisions that impact their lives.\nVarious factors contribute to their limited\nparticipation: time-consuming survival\nand household responsibilities; restricted\nfreedom of movement; and failure of some\ncommunities to engage women and girls\nas leaders.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** In some operations, UNHCR is not\ndirectly involved in registration processes\nand, thus, may advocate for individual\nregistration but may not be able to ensure\nit happens systematically.\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Women and girls do not always have\naccess to assistance intended to reach\nthem. Social norms may make it difficult\nfor women to be designated as primary\nrecipients of assistance and for women\nand girls to enjoy equal access to, and\ncontrol over, the management and\nprovision of assistance.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** In some operations, lack of appropriate\nschool infrastructure (e.g. sex-separated\nlatrines), may cause girls to miss school\nparticularly during menstruation, as well\nas a lack of female teachers and gendersensitive pedagogy.\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Livelihood trainings are often genderbiased and do not always respond to the\nskills, situations, interests and needs of\nwomen.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Risks of SGBV remain elevated for persons\nof concern, in particular women and girls,\ndue to patriarchal societies and unequal\npower relations, and existing gaps in\nassistance and programming.\n\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Confidential, accessible and nonstigmatizing safe spaces are limited, as are\nmechanisms for early identification and\nreferral of persons at heightened risk in\nreception, registration and transit centres.\n**\u25cf\u25cf** Boys, men or LGBTI persons who\nexperience SGBV may not be able to\naccess care for several reasons, including\ndue to non-disclosure related to stigma\nand fear, and a lack of services geared to\nsupport them.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity Policy (2018) \u2013** **The 10 obligatory core actions:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1. AGD-INCLUSIVE
PROGRAMMING|At a minimum, all data collected by UNHCR will be disaggregated by age
and sex and by other diversity considerations, as contextually appropriate
and possible, for purposes of analysis and programming.|\n|---|---|\n|2. PARTICIPATION AND
INCLUSION|At a minimum, country operations will employ participatory methodologies
at each stage of the operations management cycle, to incorporate
the capacities and priorities of women, men, girls, and boys of diverse
backgrounds into protection, assistance, and solutions programmes.|\n|3. COMMUNICATION
AND TRANSPARENCY|At a minimum, all country-level protection and solutions strategies will
detail the operation\u2019s approach to communicating with women, men, girls,
and boys of diverse backgrounds, through means that are appropriate and
accessible to all groups in a community.|\n|4. FEEDBACK AND
RESPONSE|At a minimum, all UNHCR operations will establish and promote feedback
and response systems, including for confdential complaints.|\n|5. ORGANIZATIONAL
LEARNING AND
ADAPTATION|At a minimum, UNHCR operations will adapt programmes and strategies in
response to input from persons of concern, and document this in Country
Operations Plans and Annual Reporting.|\n|6. ADVANCING GENDER
EQUALITY|a. Women and girls participate equally and meaningfully in all decision-
making, community management and leadership structures, and
committees of persons of concern. At a minimum, UNHCR operations
will ensure 50 per cent female participants in management and
leadership structures under UNHCR\u2019s authority, and will advocate the
same with partners, including Governments.|\n||b. Women and girls are provided with individual registration and
documentation, directly or through support provided by UNHCR. At
a minimum, UNHCR will provide women and girls of concern with
protection documentation on an individual basis, and will advocate the
same with partners, including Governments.|\n||c.
Women and girls have equal access to and control over management
and provision of food, core-relief items, and cash-based interventions.
Depending on the context, UNHCR operations will increase the
percentage of women as the primary recipients of assistance within
households receiving material and/or cash-based assistance.|\n||d. Women and girls have equal access to economic opportunities,
including decent work and quality education and health services. At
a minimum, UNHCR will ensure women and girls have equal access
to livelihood, education, and health programmes it delivers, and will
advocate with partners, including Governments, for their equal access
to public services.|\n||e. Women and girls have access to comprehensive SGBV prevention
and response services. At a minimum, UNHCR operations will adopt
and implement SGBV standard operating procedures, operationalizing
the four main referral pathways for all survivors (safety/security, legal,
medical, and psychosocial), and will promote the same with partners,
including Governments.|\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**For more information please contact:**\n\n\nDivision of International Protection\n\n\nCommunity-based Protection Unit\n\n\nhqts00@unchr.org\n\n\n16 UNHCR\u2019s Approach to Age, Gender and Diversity\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d16f422e-d183-370c-8b8c-e545b17fdc75/5ebd5e344.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_131/raw/doc_131_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_131/raw/doc_131_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d67a250d2dfe17384d59dcd9e457af9c39d8e77f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_131/raw/doc_131_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,359 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Sexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response\n\nMainstreaming project summary overviews\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n**MAINSTREAMING IN PRACTICE:** **.** ........................................................................................................................................................3\n\n\nTurkey: Building cross-sectoral bridges to combat SGBV **.** ......................................................................................................6\n\n\nUganda: Enhancing protection of women and girls through\nimproved menstrual hygiene management **.** ..................................................................................................................................9\n\n\nEgypt: Women\u2019s Leadership, empowerment, access and protection (LEAP)................................................................ 13\n\n\nJordan: Ensuring safe access to SGBV services and mitigating SGBV\nrisks within sectors using Empower mobile app....................................................................................................................... 17\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo: HESHIMA project: promoting hygiene and self-reliance\nthrough the production of cloth sanitary pads by IDP women and girls in Kitchanga, North Kivu **.** .................... 21\n\n##### **BACKGROUND**\n\n\n[As a core part of its protection mandate, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5ce7d6784/sexual-gender-based-violence-prevention-risk-mitigation-response.html)\ncommitted to ending all forms of sexual and gender based-violence (SGBV) by preventing and reducing the risks\nof SGBV before it happens, and responding to the needs of all survivors.\n\n\nIn 2018, UNHCR launched a mainstreaming project, through funding from [Safe from the Start (SftS), with the](http://www.unhcr.org/575a83dd5.html)\nspecific objective of enhancing UNHCR work towards further institutionalization of SGBV prevention, risk\nmitigation and response interventions. For UNHCR, SGBV mainstreaming specifically refers to the integration\nof appropriate prevention, risk mitigation and response strategies across all areas of programming and\nresponse.\n\n\nThe project specifically focuses on risk mitigation and understanding who is at risk, the source of that risk, and\nthe (un)intended impact of acting or not acting in order to mitigate risks. Mainstreaming also requires that\nUNHCR workforce and partners know how to safely handle disclosure as well as the referral pathways for\nservices and case management.\n\n\nThe development of this guide was made possible with support from the US BPRM Safe from the Start Initiative\non protection from Sexual and Gender-based Violence in emergencies.\n\n\nThis document is for general distribution. All rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are authorized,\nexcept for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.\n\n\n\u00a9 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, December 2019\n\n\nCover photo: DRC \u00a9 UNHCR/Natalia Micevic/2018\n\n\nLayout & design: BakOS DESIGN\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## MAINSTREAMING IN PRACTICE:\n\n##### **CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION**\n\n\n\nA call for proposals on SGBV prevention, risk\nmitigation and response mainstreaming was\nlaunched in 2018. The overall objective was to\nsupport the implementation and documentation of\npractices and multisectoral projects in country of\noperations that aimed to:\n\n\n\u00bb initiate or boost SGBV mainstreaming activities,\nand/or;\n\n\n\u00bb build on/develop innovative new responses to\nSGBV mainstreaming programming, and/or;\n\n\n\u00bb strengthen UNHCR institutional process/\nelement of the operations management\ncycle (OMC) with regard to mainstreaming/\nintegrating SGBV prevention, risk mitigation\nand/or response components.\n\n\nThe application process was open to 16 operations\nthat participated in a [regional workshop on](https://www.unhcr.org/5c9b811b7)\n[mainstreaming SGBV prevention, risk mitigation](https://www.unhcr.org/5c9b811b7)\n[and response. The selected projects were part](https://www.unhcr.org/5c9b811b7)\nof an overall approach and support to develop\nstaff capacity and to build evidence and fill an\ninformation gap on how to effectively operationalize\nmainstreaming in different aspects of UNHCR work.\n\n\nThe projects were important institutionally and\nsupported the communities in the following ways:\n\n\n\u00bb addressed the needs and rights of communities\nin line with UNHCR policy on age, gender and\ndiversity (AGD);\n\n\n\u00bb offered a practical opportunity for the\nimplementation of the 2015 [Inter-Agency](http://www.gbvguidelines.org/)\n[Standing Committee (IASC) Guidelines](http://www.gbvguidelines.org/)\n[on Integrating Gender-Based Violence](http://www.gbvguidelines.org/)\n[Interventions in Humanitarian Action, and the](http://www.gbvguidelines.org/)\napplication of core mainstreaming principles\nacross different sectors [1] ; and\n\n\n\n\u00bb provided UNHCR the chance to identify,\ndocument and field test different ways of\nincreasing appropriate, early, efficient and\neffective programming to prevent, mitigate and\nrespond to SGBV across UNHCR operations.\n\n\nA preliminary screening of applications ensured that\nthe projects met the following submission criteria:\n\n\nThe selection panel prioritized projects that\nsupported a multifunctional approach in design,\nimplementation, monitoring and demonstrated\nthat a site-specific multifunctional coordination\nmechanism was in place to provide oversight.\n\n\nRemote technical support was available for\neach implementing project team through a\nmultifunctional team comprised of regional and\nheadquarters-based colleagues. Throughout the\nprocess, lessons learned were documented in order\nto disseminate and replicate the practices.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 For more information on the GBV Guidelines please visit www.gbvguidelines.org.\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in Turkey, 98 per cent were from Syria. [3] Numerous\nparticipatory assessments undertaken with refugee\ncommunities in Turkey since 2016 indicated that\nincidents of SGBV, particularly intimate partner\nviolence (IPV) and sexual harassment, as well as\nengagement in harmful practices such as child and\nforced marriage and sex work were increasing.\nSeveral identified contributing factors were\nspecifically noted, including the protracted nature of\nthe displacement, a lack of economic opportunities,\nsocial exclusion, discrimination and social tensions.\n\n\nSome of the main challenges related to employment\nand skills development reported by women and\nyouth to UNHCR include: lack of day care services\nfor children, language barriers, lack of relevant\nskills to seek employment, limited education, no\nproof of previous academic attainment, all of which\nlimit access to job opportunities. The limited access\nto formal work permits was also reported as well\nas a lack of insurance, poor pay and long working\nhours and increased potential exposure to risk of\nexploitation and abuse.\n\n\nIt is widely acknowledged that SGBV remains\nhighly underreported by refugee communities in\nTurkey, including in employment contexts, mainly\ndue to cultural barriers and stigma. Gaps in the\nmultisectoral referral pathways and uneven levels\nof community engagement also exist in places\ncompounding the contributing factors.\n\n\n\nresponse intervention. Honouring this commitment\nrequires a coordinated, multisectoral, multilayered\napproach requiring close coordination at all levels,\nactively conducting SGBV sensitization, capacity\ndevelopment, and strengthening multisectoral\nresponse and risk mitigation interventions across all\nsectors.\n\n\nThe _Building bridges_ project was implemented across\nmultiple sites in three provinces: Istanbul, Ankara\nand Hatay. Through partnerships with national\ninstitutions active in the prevention and mitigation\nof SGBV risks, the objective of the project was to\nstrengthen the skills and coping mechanisms of\nindividuals at-risk of SGBV and to increase quality\nand timely response for SGBV. This involved three\ninterrelated components:\n\n\n- Capacity development of stakeholders:\ncapacity development activities focused on\nSGBV prevention, risk mitigation, response\nmainstreaming into existing programmes\nimplemented across all sectors.\n\n\n- Sensitization: information dissemination\ntargeted refugee and local communities on SGBV\nprevention and response.\n\n\n- Multisectoral interventions targeting those atrisk and survivors of SGBV, including:\n\n\n\n2 To provide a picture of the context in which each project was implemented, the population data details for each country is limited to\n2018, which was when the projects began.\n\n3 https://www.unhcr.org/5c52ea084.pdf.\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV", - "confidence": 0.8458899855613708, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.8491920828819275, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.9546659588813782, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population data", - "confidence": 0.9121425151824951, - "start": 413, - "end": 415 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "each country", - "confidence": 0.7221806049346924, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9978475570678711, - "start": 422, - "end": 423 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and local communities", - "confidence": 0.8879182934761047, - "start": 374, - "end": 378 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Turkish language training (A1 and A2 levels);\n\n\n - vocational training (mainly adolescents and\nadults above 18);\n\n\n - referrals to public education opportunities\n(mainly children under 18);\n\n\n - provision of cash-based incentives to ensure\nmeaningful participation in language/\nvocational courses;\n\n\n - multipurpose cash grants for survivors of\nSGBV; and\n\n\n - provision of case management services\nincluding psychosocial support in individual\nand group sessions, legal support, education\nand social protection support.\n\n##### Community engagement in project design\n\n\nIndividuals and communities were engaged in\nevery facet of the project, from its design, through\nconsultative and decision-making processes, as\nwell as implementation, monitoring and evaluation\nprocesses.\n\n#### _\u201c [I learned a lot from the training and would like to ]_\n\n_thank you. You gave us hope, and we learned that_\n_we should be powerful for our own future and fight_\n_for everything that we want to achieve.\u201d_\n\n\nGirl-child participant in the sensitization sessions.\n\n#### _\u201c [We learned very useful information and will also ]_\n\n_teach and tell others what we have learned.\u201d_\n\n\nGirl-child participant in the sensitization sessions.\n\n#### _\u201c [When we return home, let\u2019s all wash the dishes...\u201d]_\n\nMale participant in the awareness-raising sessions\n\n##### Results\n\n\n**Nine hundred and six individuals** were identified\nas interested in the provision of support through\nboth language and/or vocational training and SGBV\n\n\n**6** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\nsensitization sessions. This included individuals\nwho were also referred to multisectoral support\nincluding education and psychosocial support.\n\n\n**Out of the 131 women at-risk and SGBV survivors**\n**identified in three provinces, 79 successfully**\n**completed the Turkish A1 level language classes,**\n**six currently continue at A2 level, and 35 are**\n**pending new enrolment.** Beyond the outcome of\nlanguage acquisition, participants reported to have\nmore freedom due to the increased support to\nattend the courses from male family members.\n\n#### _\u201c [\u0003Prior to taking the course, I was afraid of ]_\n\n_approaching my child\u2019s teacher. The more I learn,_\n_the more I feel comfortable to start talking with_\n_the teacher. I hope I will be able to talk with her_\n_fluently one day.\u201d_\n\n\nTR language course participant in Hatay\n\n\nSome participants also started attending additional\nsessions on their rights, available assistance and\nservices. Reflecting of the value appointed to the\nsessions, some participants brought people from\ntheir communities increasing the scope of the\nproject. The participants\u2019 commitment was also\nobserved in terms of low drop-out rates, as well\nas the willingness of participants to pursue their\nstudies in 2019.\n\n\n**The project contributed to build a positive**\n**social cohesion and peaceful coexistence from**\n**the perspective of the participants.** As a result\nof increased confidence in learning the Turkish\nlanguage, the majority of participants reported\nfeeling more comfortable when interacting with the\nlocal host community.\n\n\n**Attendance rates in language classes remained**\n**high.** Forty-eight women were provided with\nmulti-cash payments, and a total of 93 women (with\nattendance rates of 80 per cent and above) were\nprovided financial support to attend the Turkish\nlanguage courses.\n\n\nFinally, a total of **827 individuals from all three**\n**provinces, including men and boys**, benefitted from\nsensitization sessions on SGBV prevention and\nresponse.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 Children painting and drawing in kindergarten in Hatay. Their parents are participants of the Building bridges project.\nThe project supports children of participant by ensuring the care arrangements, as well as providing psychosocial support\n(PSS) activities in the child friendly spaces. Photo credit: Support to Life (Hatay)\n\n\n##### Lessons learned and tips for replication\n\n\n- Standardizing procedures for programme\nimplementation across locations and having\na consistent timeline for payment cycles are\neffective practices and essential to ensure that\ncash payments are received on time.\n\n\n- Providing training to all participating staff on\ngood practices and risk mitigation in cash-based\ninterventions at the beginning of the project is\nessential to develop capacity and common ways\nof working, and to increase coordination amongst\na multifunctional team.\n\n\n- Developing common training materials for\nsensitization sessions, as well as common\nreporting templates for partners\u2019 use for more\nconsistent and unified reporting, increases\nsmooth and systematic implementation and\nmonitoring of project results and outcomes.\n\n\n- Addressing barriers (e.g. transportation costs\nto improve access to education, life skills and\nvocational activities) is essential to allow for\nparticipation and to reduce risks to potentially\nharmful practices.\n\n\n#### _\u201c [The project supported SGBV risk mitigation in ]_\n\n_cash assistance in a contextually relevant and_\n_meaningful way.\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR staff member\n\n##### Next steps\n\n\nTurkish language courses and vocational courses\nwill continue. In Istanbul, there was a strong\nwillingness to continue to A2 level language\ncourses in 2019 by women who have received\nA1 level certificates. Some partners have also\nestablished close linkages with local authorities\nwho have agreed to prioritize SGBV survivors and\nthose at-risk of SGBV to enrol in courses (e.g. at\nthe Public Education Center in Istanbul). The use\nof multipurpose cash as a protection mechanism\nto support survivors of SGBV will be increased\nand will include a measurement of the impact in\nthe protection monitoring strategy that is being\nmodified and updated. UNHCR Turkey will expand\nthe recipients of multipurpose cash to include male\nand gender-non-conforming SGBV survivors. This\ncomponent is also expected to increase the numbers\nof SGBV referrals to UNHCR and partners.\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Context\n\nrefugee settlement hosted 68,703 persons of\nconcern comprised of 60 per cent children under\n18 years of age and 49 per cent women and girls of\nreproductive age. [5]\n\n\nThe protracted nature of displacement coupled\nwith deteriorating economic conditions and limited\nlivelihood opportunities continue to increase\nthe risk of SGBV, especially among female heads\nof households, unaccompanied children and\nadolescent girls. Among the South Sudanese and\nCongolese refugees who make up the majority\nof the population in the Kyangwali settlement,\nmenstrual hygiene management (MHM) presents\na significant challenge and affects women and girls\nwho are unable to afford hygiene materials.\n\n\nKyangwali\u2019s population has nearly doubled since the\narrival of refugees from the DRC in mid-December\n2017, straining the already limited resources. The\nhumanitarian response has since struggled to meet\nthe needs of the community, resulting in inadequate\nmenstrual hygiene facilities and service provision.\n\n\n4 https://www.unhcr.org/5c52ea084.pdf.\n\n5 **https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/63277** .\n\n\n**8** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\neducate girls on MHM were compounding factors.\n\n\n**To ensure acceptability of the product, the**\n**multifunctional team carried out consultations**\n**with women in Kyangwali to:**\n\n\n - Identify materials used for menstrual hygiene\nmanagement before and after their arrival in\nthe refugee settlement.\n\n\n - Explore challenges faced by women and girls\nof reproductive age when using menstrual\nhygiene products that were previously\ndistributed in the settlement.\n\n\n - Understand women and girls\u2019 choices on the\ntype of sanitary pads that they prefer and the\neffects of having or not having the menstrual\nhygiene management products in their routine\nactivities.\n\n\n - Identify the preferred channels for information\ndissemination about menstrual hygiene.\n\n\n - Assess the availability of WASH facilities in the\nschool and out-of-school environment in the\nproject implementation areas.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 Partner staff holding meeting with women\u2019s group in Nyamiganda benefitting from the MHM project.\n\u00a9 Norman Mpirwe (HIJRA)\n\n\n\nThe project had two main objectives:\n\n\n- ensuring that the population has optimal access\nto education facilities with safe and conducive\nWASH facilities in school that promote girls\u2019\nretention, thereby mitigating SGBV-related risks\nand consequences; and\n\n\n- reducing the risk of SGBV though an increase to\naccess business skills and financial services for\nwomen.\n\n##### Community engagement in project design\n\n\nExtensive consultation with refugee women and\ngirls during the initial assessment and throughout\nthe project ensured a robust community-based\napproach was applied from the outset. Training\nwas conducted for the multifunctional team, which\nincluded staff from WASH, Education, Livelihood\nand Health sectors and included training on the\nIASC GBV Guidelines [6] and the [Menstrual Hygiene](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/2113/themhminemergenciestoolkitfullguide.pdf)\n[Management in Emergencies Toolkit.](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/2113/themhminemergenciestoolkitfullguide.pdf)\n\n\n6 For more information and resources see https://gbvguidelines.org/en/.\n\n\n##### Results\n\n**Community sensitization on SGBV and the**\n**importance of MHM was conducted:** 2,417\n(F=1,450 and M=967) community members\nwere reached with sensitization and communitybased activities focusing on menstruation and\nmenstrual hygiene management, stigma related to\nmenstruation, safe disposal of used products and\nSGBV.\n\n\n**Women\u2019s groups and committees were**\n**empowered with business skills:** 17 women\u2019s\ngroups comprised of 320 women were trained on\nSGBV, business skills and the production of reusable\nsanitary materials. The training provided women\u2019s\ngroups the financial capacity and business skills to\naccess local financial services and increased their\nconfidence in buying and selling reusable sanitary\npads locally and through the savings associations.\nTo ensure sustainability of the project, the selected\nwomen\u2019s groups were trained on the Village Savings\nand Loan Associations (VSLAs) methodology and\nentrepreneurship and self-employment.\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 \u00a9 UNHCR/Constanze Quosh\n\n\n**Capacity of service providers, sectoral leads and**\n**project participants on SGBV mainstreaming**\n**and case management was enhanced:** 207\n(F=100, M=107) teachers and members of parent\nteachers associations (PTAs), school management\ncommittees, WASH committees, and school clubs\nwere trained on basic concepts of SGBV and\nrisk mitigation pertinent to particular sectors. A\nworkshop on case management, including safe\ndisclosures and referrals, was also conducted.\n\n\n**Infrastructure to ensure safe disposal of menstrual**\n**waste in school and to promote girls\u2019 retention**\n**was constructed or rehabilitated:** rehabilitation of\ndilapidated latrines and construction of incinerators\nwas carried out in six schools.\n\n\n**Contextually appropriate menstrual hygiene kits**\n**were distributed to women and girls to contribute**\n**to school retention and potential exposure to**\n**sexual exploitation and abuse:** a needs assessment\non the use of MHM products was carried out in two\nvillages to ensure that the items selected as part of\nthe MHM kits were deemed acceptable and of good\nquality.\n\n\n##### Lessons learned and tips for replication\n\n\n- Creating livelihood opportunities through\nproduction of low-cost reusable sanitary\nmaterials enables refugee women and girls to\nreduce the risk of SGBV and to develop a sense of\nself-reliance.\n\n\n- MHM is an area that requires cross-cutting\ncoordination to ensure that the hierarchy of\nMHM needs are effectively addressed, along\nwith the 4Cs of effective MHM programming**coordination, consultation, culture and**\n**communication** . [7]\n\n\n- A rapid contextualized assessment with\ncommunity members on the availability,\naccessibility, acceptability and quality of\nmenstrual hygiene supplies is essential prior to\nthe design stage.\n\n\n- Sectors responsible for communal facilities,\nparticularly schools, hospitals and other public\nbuildings must consult women and girls on the\nappropriate design of latrine facilities. Planning\nand costing must incorporate these factors.\n\n\n- Ensuring optimal use of resources is paramount\nand avoiding the later correction of unacceptable\nlatrines should be a priority. All agreements\nwith those responsible for implementing\nthe programming must adhere to contextappropriate design in line with appropriate\nstandards.\n\n\n- Ensure that the women\u2019s groups producing\nreusable sanitary pads have an adequate safe\nspace and a sustainable structure for their\nproduction activities and for storing fabrics and\nwork kits.\n\n\n\n7 For more information please see the MHM in Emergencies Toolkit \u2013 https://bit.ly/2Rb1ObJ.\n\n\n**10** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### _\u201c [When confronted with the monthly menstruation ]_\n\n_cycle at school \u2026sometimes I do not have option_\n_but [I am] forced to ask my boyfriend for money to_\n_buy sanitary pads as my parents can\u2019t afford them_\n_\u2026 then my boyfriend asks for sex in return and I feel_\n_abused especially if the money is given to me by my_\n_boyfriend after sex.\u201d_\n#### _\u201c [When we want to answer a question in the ]_\n\n_classroom, I fear to stand up as my blood may come_\n_out and the boys will laugh at me.\u201d_\n#### _\u201c [And those who don\u2019t have money to buy pads use ]_\n\n_locally available materials as long as money is not_\n_there, those materials they use really burn between_\n_the legs, and later on blisters come out.\u201d_\n#### _\u201c [Last term I did not come to school during the exam ]_\n\n_time that coincided with my menstrual period, as I_\n_do not have sanitary materials and could not afford_\n_to buy any, I missed the exam, that\u2019s why I repeated_\n_Primary 6.\u201d_\n\n\nExcerpts taken from focus group discussions during\n\nassessment and community-based sensitization sessions\n\n##### Next steps\n\n\nAll initiated activities will continue in 2019. The\ninclusion of MHM in fundraising plans and advocacy\nwill be prioritized.\n\n\nUNHCR and partners will support the women\u2019s\ngroups who are producing and selling reusable\nsanitary pads materials and technical support to\nincrease self-reliance.\n\n\nThe operation is also developing a tool that will be\nused to conduct assessment on MHM programming\nand a guidance note to support partners with MHM\nprogramming.\n\n\n##### Story of change\n\n\u201cWhen we came from [DR] Congo during the\nwar, I left my husband back\u2026 and I came with\nmy children. In Congo, issues surrounding\nmenstruation is so \u2026 personal and you cannot\ntell your mother or your father that you are\nexperiencing menstrual periods. Most of the\nfamilies in Congo, especially in rural villages,\nhave never seen or even used menstrual hygiene\nsanitary pads other than locally available\nclothing materials. When I turned 13 years old\nin 1976, I was in Primary three and this is when\nI got my first period. I did not know what to do\nand I thought something wrong was happening\n\u2026 maybe I had been bewitched! When I arrived\nin Uganda as an asylum-seeker in 2014 my\ndaughter was given two pieces of sanitary pads\nat the reception centre in Kagoma and I thought\nit was edible because it was well packaged.\nThe pads were meant for my young girl and\nshe had never seen the packed sanitary pads\nat 15 years of age. I got to know that they were\npads, and later we got a training conducted by\nHIJRA and a female staff mobilized in my village\nof Nyamiganda, for the awareness on the use\nof sanitary pads and I had an enthusiasm to\nparticipate. Then the next day she came with\npads and showed us how to wear them.\n\n\nIn my own capacity, I could not afford to buy\npads on a monthly basis because I have six girls\nand all are experiencing menstrual periods and\nit\u2019s costly to buy pads given my economic status.\nWe have been using local materials like pieces of\nclothes. We had a training organized by HIJRA\nand we were trained in November 2018 for\ntwo weeks on how to make reusable sanitary\npads using a sewing machine. Currently, we are\norganized into different women\u2019s groups where\nwe were supported with sewing machines and\nfabrics, and now we are making pads and my\ngirls have used them and I now feel proud and\nhappy because I no longer fear blood spots on\nmy skirts and my girls will not miss school. I can\nnow participate in village meetings since I can\naccess them locally.\u201d\n\n\n42-year-old Mbiride Kyabisiku a single mother\nwith seven children from Nyamiganda village.\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## EGYPT\n\n**CAIRO**\n\n\n##### Context\n\n8 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/68254.\n\n\n**12** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis project included both Egyptian and refugee\ncommunity members. It aimed to empower women\nwith specific needs, especially those at-risk of SGBV,\nby increasing their access to diversified and safe\neconomic opportunities, and enhancing their access\nto safe and effective protection services through\nestablished Government mechanisms. The overall\nobjectives were to engage women and girls as active\nparticipants in protection from violence through\ngroup activities and to provide linkages to individual\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support services in line with SGBV standard\noperating procedures (SOPs) and referral pathways.\nThe specific project objectives included:\n\n\n- at-risk asylum-seeking women and female youth\nacquire safe income-generating and economic\nopportunities via cash-for-work and skills\ndevelopment;\n\n\n- women acquire skills required for production and\nentering the labor market; and\n\n\n- asylum-seeking and refugee women and female\nyouth have enhanced access to effective services\nand protection mechanisms.\n\n\nThe NCW premises in Giza were providing the\nvenue for the centre development due to the\nproximity of neighbourhoods where refugee\ncommunities mainly reside. It is an important\ncommunity-based centre offering counselling and\nprotection services to refugee and Egyptian women.\n\n\n##### Community engagement in project design\n\nDuring the planning and implementation phases,\nthere was a participatory assessment and regular\nconsultation with women participants. This\ncontributed to developing a project aiming to\novercome the cultural and personal barriers that\nprevent women from accessing safe livelihood\nopportunities.\n\n##### Results\n\n\nParticipants\u2019 socioeconomic empowerment\nand community support was increased\n\n\nThe inclusion of participants from different\nnationalities and backgrounds in the life skills\nand vocational training sessions contributed to\nan increased sense of community among the\nparticipants. Together, the participants came up\nwith more than twenty innovative business ideas\nincluding but not limited to educational centres for\nteaching foreign languages, birthday decorations,\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "home d\u00e9cor products, etc. Some participants\ndecided to join forces to set up collective beauty\ncentres.\n\n#### _\u201c [The training had a very positive impact on me as ]_\n\n_well as on my family.\u201d_\n\n\nParticipant in the training\n\n\nSkills of participants were enhanced\n\n\nThe skills of 260 participating women were\nenhanced through vocational skills, marketing and\nbusiness training. The women were connected with\npotential clients and different supply vendors for\nproduct crafting to apply their post-training skills.\n\n\nAn additional 207 female participants received\ntraining tailored to their skill-based jobs specific\nduring career counselling sessions. The training\nalso included general modules on efficient ways\nof budgeting, managing income, applying for\ngrants and loans, and the basics of ideation and\nmicrobusiness management/finances\u2014all of\nwhich are key areas for business management.\nEntrepreneurship and financial literacy training\nfurther allowed the participants to have more\ncontrol over their assets.\n\n\nSGBV awareness was increased\n\n\nFour hundred and forty-seven male and female\nparticipants attended SGBV sensitization sessions\non issues related to gender and SGBV, including\nknowledge of where survivors can report risks and\nsafely access services. Participants reported that\ntheir knowledge on SGBV improved, including on\nSGBV reporting mechanisms, how to access to\nservices, and the different types of violence that\nrefugee women may be exposed to at the work\nplace.\n\n\nThe national response to refugee SGBV\nsurvivors was enhanced\n\n\nEighteen officers in the National Council for\nWomen\u2019s Complaint Office (NCWCO) were trained\non SGBV, which strengthened and increased\ncollaboration on case management.\n\n\n**14** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\nFeedback from participants form NCWCO on SGBV\nawareness sessions for NCW complaint officers:\n\n#### _\u201c [The training has increased my knowledge of the ]_\n\n_cooperation of the different actors involved in the_\n_SGBV response\u201d._\n\n#### _\u201c [I have increased my knowledge on legal ]_\n\n_information regarding SGBV and refugees\u201d._\n\n#### _\u201c [I feel more capable now to protect refugees from ]_\n\n_violence\u201d._\n\n#### _\u201c [Now I am knowledgeable of the different ]_\n\n_organizations that provide legal and social support_\n_to refugees\u201d._\n\n##### Lessons learned and tips for replication\n\n\n- Joint and comprehensive assessments that\ninclude safety and security risks, requirements\nand measures must be conducted and revisited at\nall stages of implementation.\n\n\n- Working with non-humanitarian partners, such\nas the private sector, requires additional support\nand orientation.\n\n\n- Working with national structures requires a welldefined implementation plan to ensure timeliness\nin project implementation.\n\n\n- Coordination of multiple partners and\nstakeholders requires a clear management plan\nwith in-built flexibility to adapt to changing\nscenarios, particularly for procurement.\n\n\n- Setting achievable and reasonable targets is\nessential for maintaining motivation of all actors,\nespecially during short implementation periods.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Next steps\n\nThe project is sustained following the\nimplementation of the additional core activities as\npart of the Operation\u2019s plan for 2019. One of the\nmeasures taken to ensure sustainability has been\nthe utilization and mobilization of existing resources\nto promote the economic empowerment of the\nparticipants. The mapping and subsequent selection\nof existing space was made in consultation with the\nwomen participants to ensure proximity to areas of\nresidence and suitability.\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jordan continued to host 705,800 refugees by mid2018. As with other countries in the region, the vast\nmajority were from Syria (667,200). Other countries\nof refugees\u2019 origin in Jordan were Iraq (34,400) and\nSudan (2,700). [9]\n\n\n**Of the total registered Syrians in Jordan, 50.4**\n**per cent are female and 49.6 per cent are male.**\n**Children represent 51 per cent of the entire**\n**refugee population. 78.7 per cent of Syrians live**\n**in urban areas across the country: Amman, Irbid,**\n**Mafraq and Zarqa governorates.**\n\n\nIn 2017, according to the GBV Information\nManagement System (IMS) Task Force, 94.6 per\ncent of SGBV survivors assisted were women\nand girls. Child marriage remains a major concern\nfor refugees in Jordan. Sexual violence remains\nunderreported due to extreme social stigma.\nWomen and girls also often face risks of sexual\nharassment in most public spaces and have reported\nbeing particularly concerned by the increase of\nsexual harassment occurring over the phone.\nLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex\npersons refugees are often exposed to emotional\nand physical abuse. Most survivors approached\nSGBV service providers more than a month after\nthe incident. This indicated an urgent need for\na more efficient referral pathway for survivors\nand persons at-risk of SGBV, including efforts to\ndisseminate information about SGBV services\n\n\n9 https://www.unhcr.org/5c52ea084.pdf. P. 9\n\n\n**16** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\nwithin communities and also within non-specialized\nservice providers.\n\n\n**COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION**\n**IN PROJECT DESIGN**\n\n\nThe community was engaged from the onset of\nthe project through consultations based on AGD\napproach:\n\n\nWomen, girls, boys and men were consulted\non the design of the app and efforts were\nundertaken to ensure marginalized groups were\nactively included.\n\n\nThe community was consulted during the\ndevelopment of the standardized list of risk\npoints to ensure it was drafted in a simple\nlanguage and covered different type of risks.\n\n\nTo develop the mobile application, seven sessions\nwere held between UNHCR SGBV staff and the\nmobile application development company, and\nthree testing sessions were done with end users\n(refugees and staff).\n\n\nMembers of the SGBV SWG consulted more\nthan 350 refugees and host community members\non the application and they selected the name\n\u201cAmaali\u201d. which means \u2018my hopes\u2019.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "standardized list of risk\npoints", - "confidence": 0.8921260833740234, - "start": 376, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host community members", - "confidence": 0.7422350645065308, - "start": 442, - "end": 447 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Amaali", - "confidence": 0.8285030126571655, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host community members", - "confidence": 0.776739239692688, - "start": 442, - "end": 447 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Project background and objective\n\nBuilding on the practice established in Lebanon\nwith the use of the \u201cRespond\u201d mobile application\n(App), which allows non-specialized humanitarian\nstaff to conduct safe referrals, UNHCR Jordan\naimed to implement an innovative mobile app. The\napp called \u201c _Amaali (my hopes)_ \u201d could also be easily\nreplicated in other operations. The objective was to\nenable non-specialized service providers to refer\nSGBV survivors through access to updated referral\npathways while respecting the survivor-centred\napproach. The project aimed at ensuring that SGBV\nsurvivors are empowered throughout service\ndelivery and potential SGBV risks mitigated.\n\n\nThe project specific objectives of the Amaali App\nwere to:\n\n\n- be easily accessible to humanitarian workers in all\nsectors and to contain guidance for safe referrals\nas well as contacts of SGBV case management\nservice providers in each region of Jordan;\n\n\n- be accessible to refugees and include hotlines for\nSGBV survivors to access support and services;\nand\n\n\n- have a public interface accessible to both\nrefugees and humanitarian aid workers with a\nplatform to map risk points.\n\n#### _\u201c [When we were working on the script for the play ]_\n\n_with the group, women shared stories about sexual_\n_harassment in the camp. It helped me to better_\n_understand the numerous difficulties that women_\n_are facing in Zaatari camp and feel empathy. I_\n_realized that other refugees in the camp are not_\n_aware about services available for survivors of_\n_violence. So I was very proud to present the play_\n_in the camp and share our message with our_\n_community\u201d._\n\n\nMale Syrian refugee, member of the community group in\n\nZaatari\n\n\n#### _\u201c [When we presented our movie and talked with the ]_\n\n_audience about sexual harassment, many shared_\n_that they were not aware sexual harassment_\n_was such a risk for women and girls in Jordan. At_\n_the end, people shared that they will not remain_\n_silent and will encourage survivors to report_\n_sexual harassment. I feel that this project really_\n_gave us the opportunity to positively impact our_\n_community_\n\n\nRefugee volunteer leading community group in Amman\n\n##### Community engagement in project design\n\n\nWomen, girls, boys and men, especially including\nthose from marginalized groups, were consulted\non the design of the app. The community was\nalso consulted during the development of the\nstandardized list of risk points, as to ensure it was\ndrafted in a simple language and addressed different\ntype of risks.\n\n\nRefugee and host community youth were also\nkey participants in the development of awareness\nmaterials, which are uploaded on the app.\nCommunity members who are perceived as role\nmodel within their community were engaged and\ntheir stories/messages disseminated through the\napp.\n\n##### Results\n\n\n**Effective mobilization of refugee communities**\n**to prevent, mitigate and respond to SGBV was**\n**achieved through various modalities:** in Amman,\none youth group of female students produced their\nown video aiming at reducing stigma faced by SGBV\nsurvivors in their communities. The video addressed\nchild marriage, intimate partner violence and\nsexual harassment while encouraging communities\nto transcend the culture of silence and step up to\nsupport SGBV survivors.\n\n\nIn Zaatari, a silent play was designed by male and\nfemale refugees to highlight stigma faced by a girl\nsurvivor of sexual harassment trying to seek help\nfrom her parents. Positive feedback on the theatre\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 \u00a9 NHF / Tamara Al-Dweiri. Silent theatre play\nZaatari, Dec. 2018\n\n\nplays indicated that youth groups were able to\nchallenge harmful stereotypes on sexual harassment\nand promote a survivor centred approach.\n\n\n**Four SGBV prevention community groups were**\n**established** (two in Amman, one in Jerash and one\nin Zaatari camp): thanks to leadership skills and\nthe passion of the refugee volunteers, the groups\nmanaged to overcome cultural taboos around\nSGBV (especially about sexual harassment) and\ndesign their own awareness-raising project. Many\nfemale refugees had expressed that the app will\nbe an important tool to ensure they have access to\ninformation about services. They felt strongly that\nthe risk mapping tool will be helpful for them to\navoid unsafe areas. Five awareness-raising materials\nwere developed: three short videos on women\u2019s\nempowerment, an SGBV prevention cartoon\nproduced by refugee youth, and a safe referrals\nvideo for frontline workers.\n\n\n**Six hundred and forty refugees were reached**\n**through dissemination sessions** (Amman: 290,\nZaatari: 250, Jerash/Ajloun: 100). Other groups in\nAmman, Zaatari and Jerash used theatre to raise\nawareness about risks of sexual harassment and\nreduce stigma for survivors.\n\n\n**18** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\n**Survivor-centred attitudes among frontline**\n**workers were enhanced:** SGBV safe referral\ntrainings helped develop frontline workers\u2019 skills\nwhen interacting with survivors. During the project,\n152 staff and 56 refugee volunteers were trained on\nsafe referrals. The project\u2019s training and awareness\nactivities addressed the limited knowledge amongst\nsurvivors and non-specialized service providers on\nthe availability of SGBV services. It also addressed\nthe persistent gap in programming related to\nchallenges around dissemination of multisectoral\nreferral pathways.\n\n#### _\u201c [This project showcases how \u2013 when appropriately ]_\n\n_used \u2013 technology can be a significant enabler in_\n_strengthening SGBV programming.\u201d_\n\n\nUNHCR staff member\n\n##### Lessons learned and tips for replication\n\n\n- Ensure on-going capacity development activities\nfor frontline workers such as regular refresher\ncourses on safe referrals and use mobile app to\nregularly coach frontline workers.\n\n\n- Ensure that the app remains relevant and\nregularly update it with guidance and resources.\n\n\n- The development of the app should be done\nunder the umbrella of SGBV coordination forum,\nand Inter-Agency sector coordinators can also\nplay a key role in disseminating the app within the\nwider humanitarian community.\n\n\n- Engaging refugee and host community youth, and\ncommunity members who are perceived as role\nmodels within their community is an effective\nway to disseminate stories/messages, raise\nawareness and developing materials which are\nuploaded on the app.\n\n\n- Consultation with the humanitarian community,\nrefugee and host community ensures that\ninformation on SGBV services/risk points reaches\nrefugees who are isolated and with specific\nneeds.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 \u00a9 UNHCR/Lilly Carlisle.\n\n##### Next steps\n\n\nIn 2019, the app will be launched, the SGBV\nprevention community groups will be maintained\nand additional community groups to engage men\nwill be established in Mafraq and Amman. The\nfemale youth group in Amman will continue to\ndevelop videos to raise awareness on various type\nof SGBV and reduce stigma faced by survivors in\ntheir communities. The group will also be trained\non the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\n(PSEA) and encouraged to develop a video informing\nsurvivors about complaints mechanisms and\nencouraging them to report. Trainings for frontline\nworkers and refugee volunteers will continue.\n\n\n##### Story of change\n\nFeedback from refugee communities during\nthe launch events was key in understanding\nchanges. In Zaatari camp, refugees in the\naudience shared that they were moved by the\nplay as it is extremely close to their daily reality\nand highlighted that unfortunately sexual\nharassment is a major concern for women and\ngirls in the camp.\n\n\nMale refugees playing in the play, as well as\nthose watching, also explained that it really\nhelped them develop a sense of empathy for\nfemale refugees subjected to sexual harassment.\nAlthough survivors are generally blamed\nin the camp, the play helped bring positive\nchange as most refugees acknowledged that\ngirls and women should not be blamed for\nsexual harassment. Refugees acknowledged\nthat families have an important role to play to\nsupport survivors.\n\n\nSome also shared that they were previously not\naware that SGBV service providers in the camp\ncould assist survivors of sexual harassment and\nthat they would encourage them to seek help.\nA Syrian refugee man in his forties shared that\nhe would encourage survivors to seek help with\nservice providers; while another man explained\nthat if he witnesses an incident, he would offer\nhis assistance to escort the survivor to the police.\n\n\nA 65-year-old refugee father explained that the\nplay really moved him and that he would try, as\nof now, not to only be a father to his daughters\nbut also a friend to encourage them to ask for\nhis help if they face sexual harassment. Another\nrefugee acknowledged that in the past he\nactually blamed girls for sexual harassment due\nto the clothes they were wearing, nevertheless\nhe explained that the play helped him\nunderstand that only perpetrators should be\nblamed.\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Context\n\nreturned IDPs in 2018.\n\n\nIn 2017, UNHCR organized focus groups with\ninternally displaced girls and women from the town\nof Kitchanga, Masisi, and in the IDP sites of Kahe\nand Mungote located in the same area. Of particular\nconcern to displaced women and girls was the lack\nof dignified hygiene kits to promote and safeguard\ntheir menstrual hygiene. The lack of hygiene kits\nhas an enormous impact on women and girls\u2019 ability\nto undertake activities during menstruation, such\nas household chores, going to work and attending\nschool. Participants presented the idea of producing\ntheir own cloth sanitary pads. They wanted to\nprovide menstrual hygiene products for themselves\n\n\n**20** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis idea informed the development of the\nHeshima project, which aimed to reduce exposure\nto SGBV and to contribute to participation and\nempowerment by improving the availability\nof acceptable menstrual hygiene products\nand increasing self-reliance and economic\nempowerment of IDP women and girls.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 UNHCR and partner staff from INTERSOS brainstorm with internally displaced persons and members of the local\ncommunity on marketing ideas for the sale of soaps and sanitary pads produced in the factory. \u00a9 UNHCR/ Natalia Micevic\n\n\n\nThe project required the construction of two\nfactories, one focusing on the production of sanitary\npads, \u201cHESHIMA\u201d, and another one focusing on soap\nproduction named \u201cTuungane Pamoja\u201d. The project\ninvolved 69 participants (F=49 and M=18), with 90\nper cent of participants being internally displaced\npersons and 10 per cent members of the host\ncommunity.\n\n\nThe project-specific objectives were:\n\n\n- to improve the broad availability of acceptable\nmenstrual hygiene kits for displaced women and\ngirls;\n\n\n- to promote self-reliance through production of\nmenstrual hygiene kits;\n\n\n- to establish a safe livelihood programme,\nenabling women to generate income and learn a\nnew skill; and\n\n\n- to ensure respect for the environment and foster\npeaceful coexistence and use locally available\nmaterials.\n\n\n##### Community engagement in project design\n\nTo increase opportunity for engagement and\nsocial cohesion with host community neighbours,\nthe project design also included host community\nmembers (10 per cent). The project was also guided\nby protection principles in its design, such as the\nreduction of risk and the promotion of resilience.\nThe participants were engaged in the planning\ndesign and development processes of the activities\nfrom the beginning, by identifying their needs and\ncapacities, contributing ideas and expectations and\nproviding recommendations at all stages.\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Results\n\n**Women and girls\u2019 access to dignified and quality**\n**hygiene products was increased:** acceptance of the\nproduct in the community, in particular its design, is\na key success of the project. The design was adapted\nto a context where women do not necessarily\nalways have access to underwear. Under these\ncircumstances, the HESHIMA sanitary pad was well\nreceived as it adapts to the needs and context.\n\n\n**Capacity was developed and self-reliance was**\n**enhanced:** 67 participants (F=49, M= 18) received\ntraining on producing the sanitary pads and soap\n(27 in the sanitary pad factory and 40 in the soap\nfactory). The 49 women who were trained in this\nalternative income generating activity felt they\nwere provided an alternative to collecting firewood\nand going to work in agricultural fields in remote\nlocations, thereby reducing their risk of exposure\nto SGBV for them and their family members, who\nundertake these activities. The women decided that\nmen could be included in the project as they had the\nnecessary skills for soap making in particular and\nthat it would be valuable.\n\n\nHESHIMA gave a sense of emancipation and\nincrease the self-esteem of the women who\nparticipated in the project. The pride and sense of\ndignity of having an employment was very visible in\ntheir statements.\n\n\n**Social cohesion and positive relations with**\n**host community was enhanced:** the project has\ndemonstrated a positive impact in terms of peaceful\ncoexistence and community cohesion, providing\na space where displaced persons and the host\ncommunity work together and socialize. As one\nparticipant stated: \u201c _We are all brothers and sisters and_\n_we are all equal_ .\u201d [10]\n\n\n10 https://bit.ly/2Y7m6nW.\n\n\n**22** **TURNING LEARNING INTO ACTION**\n\n\n#### _\u201c [The newly built factory is aptly named \u201cTuungane ]_\n\n_Pamoja\u201d which in Swahili means \u201cworking_\n_together.\u201d Elisa, 49, lives in Kahe site in Kitchanga,_\n_DRC with her husband and their 7 children. Having_\n_been displaced multiple times, she is glad to work_\n_here: \u201cLearning to make soap has given me hope_\n_because it will soon give us an income and we can_\n_become self-reliant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI have these_\n_skills forever and if the war ends and I go home, I_\n_can continue making soap.\u201d_\n\n\nTreasurer of the factory\n\n\n**Engagement of the community in information**\n**and awareness was conducted:** 10 awarenessraising sessions on menstrual and general hygiene\nwere held at Mungote and Kahe IDP sites, in the\nKitshanga host community, as well as in schools\nand local churches. Methods for awareness-raising\nincluded radio sketches, flyer promotions and a\nmegaphone campaign. The campaign also included\nmessaging on SGBV prevention and response. These\nactivities reached 5,287 people \u2013 M=693, F=2,375,\n293 boys and 1,926 PoCs.\n\n##### Lessons learned and tips for replication\n\n\n- The legal processes for establishing a start-up\nmust be researched during the inception phase\nand before the design and development.\n\n\n- The design and creation of the sanitary pads\nlocally requires planning, research and availability\nof raw materials, and an environmental and\nhealth analysis.\n\n\n- It is important to conduct a market analysis prior\nto project planning.\n\n\n- Implementing the project through an\norganization that has expertise in incomegenerating projects, start-ups and business\nmodelling, and/or projects focused on economic\ndevelopment, resilience and self-reliance, ensures\nmore effective implementation. The expertise of\nthe partner also enables adequate monitoring\nguidance from UNHCR.\n\n\n- The governance structure for the factory\nworkers needs to be reinforced and supported.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf030 Project participants in the sanitary materials factory,\nDRC. \u00a9 UNHCR/Natalia Micevic/2018\n\n\nAs a promising practice, each factory works\nas a collective and has a committee consisting\nof a president, a secretary, two treasurers and\nfour advisors. All the decisions are made by the\ncommittee together with the factory participants.\n\n##### Next steps\n\n\nSupporting the participants\u2019 marketing and\nbusiness skills development, supporting them to\nestablish a sales strategy and an internal business\nstructure. The process of obtaining the necessary\nadministrative authorizations for the factories\nwill be pursued and completed in 2019. The\nconstruction of a child-friendly space next to the\nfactories was also planned to allow the participants\u2019\nchildren to be looked after while their parents are\nworking.\n\n\nThe project\u2019s main objective by the end of 2019 is\nfor the participants to achieve self-management\nof the factories, which will include being able to\nindependently handle all the stages of the project\nfrom the purchasing of materials to the production\nof kits, sales and income management.\n\n\n##### Story of change\n\n**Cl\u00e9mence, 20**, who works at the factory\nsewing sanitary kits. After fleeing violence in\nMasisi territory 10 years ago, she settled in\nKitchanga with her family. She spent a year\nin Goma, North Kivu\u2019s provincial capital,\nlearning to sew but couldn\u2019t find work when\nshe returned to Kitchanga. \u201cI love sewing as\nit\u2019s so wonderful to see the fruits of your work\nright away,\u201d she says. \u201cI\u2019m so happy I don\u2019t have\nto stay home with nothing to do anymore as I\nhave a job to go to.\u201d\n\n\n\nSexual and gender based-violence prevention, risk mitigation and response **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For more information\nCONTACT UNHCR hqsgbv@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b9c5a54-d6c5-399d-b991-aa1c6aba1389/5ec7c0e34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_132/raw/doc_132_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_132/raw/doc_132_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 383c1fb32c57e8a66957c054dacaa8a25f1968c1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_132/raw/doc_132_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,193 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# EMERGING PRACTICES: mental health and **psychosocial support in refugee operations** **during the COVID-19 pandemic**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 1. COVID-19 and the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing **of refugees**\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated prevention and mitigation activities have major\nconsequences for mental health and psychosocial wellbeing for refugees and other persons\nof concern. Many people who previously coped well, are now less able to cope because\nof the multiple stressors generated by the pandemic. The socio-ecological environment for\nadults and children is profoundly affected: social support systems may become dysfunctional\nor overburdened, caregivers may become sick or die; stress levels increase due to\nmovement restrictions and crowded living conditions; income and livelihood opportunities\nare threatened. Many, particularly women and children, face increased protection risks\nincluding intimate partner violence and sexual abuse and exploitation. People with preexisting mental health conditions may experience a worsening of their condition and have\ndifficulties in accessing appropriate care.\n\nThis document presents a brief overview of how UNHCR adapts its activities for mental\nhealth and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to the changing context of the pandemic. Staff\nof UNHCR and partners, in country offices in all regions of the world, have developed\ninnovative field practices to continue providing essential MHPSS services to refugees. The\nexamples in this document are testimony to the commitment and creativity of our staff and\ncan serve as inspiration and encouragement for others to continue integrating MHPSS in the\nhumanitarian work during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\nEMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 2. UNHCR\u2019s approach to mental health and psychosocial **support for persons of concern**\n\nMHPSS consists of a wide range of activities to protect or promote psychosocial well-being\nor prevent or treat mental health conditions. MHPSS interventions are implemented in public\nhealth, protection or education services. The delivery of these activities is often represented\nin a pyramid of multi-layered services and support (see box 1).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### 3. Adaptation of MHPSS services in the pandemic\n\nDuring the pandemic, it is critical that people with MHPSS problems receive support. This\nrequires new interventions and novel ways of service delivery. Existing MHPSS activities\nneed to be carefully reviewed to define how essential they are to reduce symptoms/suffering\nand to maintain functionality of service users. During periods of movement restrictions and\nlockdowns, activities that are less essential need to be scaled down or stopped.\n\n\n**BOX 2 | Adaptions of humanitarian MHPSS services during the COVID-19 pandemic**\n\n\u22b2 Deliver messages, in appropriate languages with context-appropriate dissemination\nmethods, on strategies for maintaining psychosocial wellbeing, managing anxiety,\nactivities at home, and good parenting.\n\n\u22b2 Reduce activities involving face-to-face contact.\n\n\u22b2 Consider stopping group activities or reducing the size of groups maintaining physical\ndistancing and hygiene.\n\n\u22b2 Adapt services, with prioritization of care for people with moderate to severe mental\nhealth conditions. In case of lockdown: Provide direct clinical services with appropriate\nprotection against COVID-19 infection) when they are important for survival and/or for\nthe reduction of severe symptoms and suffering.\n\n\u22b2 Make individual safety plans with service users who have increased risks for COVID-19\nrelated to health complications and/or protection risks.\n\n\u22b2 Train facility-based MHPSS staff in remote delivery of services, including psychological\ntherapies.\n\n\u22b2 Train community-based staff for potential new or expanded roles.\n\n\u22b2 Set up systems for remote supervision and technical support.\n\n\u22b2 Strengthen links with protection services: increased COVID-19-related medical issues\nsuch as hospital admissions may lead to an increase in psychosocial problems, e.g.\ndue to family separations and stigma.\n\n\u22b2 Implement plans for personal protection of staff who continue to have direct contact\nwith service users.\n\n\nAdapted from: IASC (2020). Operational considerations for multisectoral mental health and psychosocial support\nprogrammes during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\nDetailed guidance and tips on adapting MHPSS services in humanitarian settings can be\nfound in the interagency guidance from the IASC (2020) [Operational considerations for](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/operational)\n[multisectoral mental health and psychosocial support programmes during the COVID-19](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/operational)\n[pandemic.](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/operational)\n\n\n\nMHPSS cuts across sectors. Humanitarian actions and interventions will impact the\nmental health and psychosocial wellbeing of refugees in many ways. Therefore, UNHCR\ndistinguishes between a [\u2018MHPSS approach and \u2018MHPSS interventions\u2019](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/525f94479/operational-guidance-mental-health-psychosocial-support-programming-refugee.html)\n\n\u22b2 Adopting an _MHPSS approach_ means providing a humanitarian response in ways\nthat are beneficial to mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. This is relevant to\neveryone who assists refugees. Using an MHPSS approach does not necessarily\nmean that humanitarian actors should do diferent things; rather that they do things\ndiferently.\n\u22b2 _MHPSS interventions_ consist of activities with the explicit goal to improve the mental\nhealth and psychosocial wellbeing of refugees. MHPSS interventions are usually\nimplemented by health, protection and education actors.\n\n\n\n2 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 4. How UNHCR integrates MHPSS within the COVID-19 **response**\n\nUNHCR integrates mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) within its activities for\nhealth, protection (e.g. community-based protection, SGBV, child protection) and education\nthrough direct implementation or through partners. Examples of adaptations and new\nactivities include both using MHPSS approaches in the COVID-19 response as well as\ndevelopment/adaptation of MHPSS interventions.\n\n\n**4.1 Community messaging about coping with distress**\n\nThe pandemic and the related public health measures have created high levels of stress\nall over the world. The overflow of information, sometimes contradictory or false, can\nfuel stress levels. It is important to communicate clearly about risks and ways people\ncan protect themselves. The messages should contain information about promoting\nmental health and wellbeing: strategies to manage distress, ways to continue activities at\nhome and tips for parenting and healthy coping. Such messages should be delivered in\nappropriate languages using contextually relevant dissemination methods.\n\nCountry examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Tanzania, IRC in partnership with Radio Kwizera, one of the most popular Kiswahili\nradio stations in the Kigoma region, disseminated mental health messaging to\npromote positive coping mechanisms. The messaging uses jingles, educational\ndramas, and live interviews with psychologists.\n\n\u22b2 In Bangladesh, UNHCR in cooperation with Translators without Borders, made audio\n[versions of the interagency children\u2019s book \u2018My hero is you\u2019 to help children learn](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/my-hero-you)\nabout COVID-19 and understand how they can assist in combatting the virus. The\naudio recordings in Rohingya, Burmese and Bangla languages are used by community\noutreach volunteers through their smart phones in sessions with families (in small\ngroups ensuring physical distancing) and in psycho-education sessions with children.\n\n\u22b2 In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, UNHCR and partners prepared key messages on\nmental health and wellbeing, communicated during interactive live radio broadcasts.\nTips and advice about well-being were translated to different Kurdish dialects.\n\n\n**4.2 Training first responders in Psychological First Aid and basic psychosocial**\n**skills**\n\nPeople in stressful situations or who are confronted with threatening events may display\nmany different emotional reactions including fear, anger, sadness or withdrawal. The way\npeople respond to others in distress can make a major difference. Psychological First\nAid (PFA) is a set of skills to provide supportive and practical help to people suffering\ncrisis events. The principles of PFA need to be adapted to the COVID-19 context in which\nhelpers must provide support while keeping distance or working remotely. In many\ncountries, UNHCR and partners have organized trainings and workshops for medical\npersonnel, protection staff, outreach volunteers and other frontline workers to build basic\npsychosocial helping skills to people directly or indirectly affected by COVID-19.\n\n\n\nCountry examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Niger, more than 300 responders (UNHCR and partners) were trained in\nPsychological First Aid through online sessions.\n\n\u22b2 In Peru, UNHCR staff working on the newly established telephone hotline were trained\nin remote Psychological First Aid.\n\n\u22b2 In Egypt, a rise in anxiety and depression among refugees has been observed,\nparticularly due to the challenging socio-economic conditions. UNHCR Egypt\norganized trainings for volunteers and community leaders to prepare them in delivery\nof psychological first aid and nonspecialized psychosocial support.\n\n\n**4.3 Providing psychological support through helplines**\n\nIn order to keep in contact with persons of concern and to link those in need to available\nservices, many UNHCR operations have set up or expanded telephone help lines. Some\nof these helplines have a generic switchboard function (people can call with all kinds\nof questions) while others are more specifically meant for people with psychological\ndifficulties. In both types of helplines, staff need to be able to handle calls from people\nwith strong emotions: people who are anxious, angry, sad or despairing. In some cases,\npeople can be aggressive, consider self-harm, or think of suicide. Workers in helplines\nneed to have a good overview of existing MHPSS services to refer to and be able to\nmake a plan of action in case of mental health emergencies.\n\nSome country examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Uganda, the staff of the national interagency helpline (Feedback, Referral and\nResolution Mechanism - FRRM) are trained to answer and discuss issues around\nemotional wellbeing.\n\n\u22b2 In Ecuador, UNHCR established 15 information and emergency hotlines \u2013 including\na national chatbot - who constantly share key messages on access to basic services,\nhumanitarian assistance and MHPSS messages.\n\n\u22b2 In Iraq, UNHCR\u2019s MHPSS staff provided training on remote psychosocial support\nduring the COVID-19 pandemic to the helpline operators of the Iraq Information\nCenter, a nation-wide interagency humanitarian telephone service that provides\ninformation and referral assistance to IDPs and refugees.\n\n\n**4.4 Increasing capacity to provide psychological therapies for refugees with**\n**mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress and**\n**bereavement**\n\nThe provision of psychotherapy during COVID-19 situations is often difficult due to\nmovement restriction and physical distancing. Group-based therapies may have to\nbe stopped or to continue in adapted forms (for example with smaller group sizes).\nIf person-to-person delivery of psychological therapies continues, specific measures\nmust be taken to prevent transmission during consultations. It is possible to provide\npsychotherapy online, but this requires adaptions by the therapist and sometimes clients\nneed support to use such services.\n\n\n\n4 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mental health messaging", - "confidence": 0.8763580322265625, - "start": 216, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "audio recordings", - "confidence": 0.6923063397407532, - "start": 289, - "end": 291 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.640086829662323, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key messages on\nmental health and wellbeing", - "confidence": 0.8573130965232849, - "start": 339, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Tips and advice about well-being", - "confidence": 0.8432300090789795, - "start": 354, - "end": 359 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7197110056877136, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kurdistan Region of Iraq", - "confidence": 0.8932080268859863, - "start": 330, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Country examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Lebanon, psychologists of UNHCR partner RESTART are trained in new ways of\nworking: from in-person group counselling to individual psychotherapies that can be\ndelivered remotely through telephone and Skype if needed.\n\n\u22b2 In Colombia, UNHCR provides psychosocial care for refugees and migrants in the\nborder area with Venezuela by telephone and face-to-face including people with\ndisabilities. They are referred for face to face consultations when necessary, to\nhospital level mental health services, psychiatric assessment and access to controlled\nmedications.\n\n\u22b2 In Tunisia, asylum seekers and refugees can access psychosocial counselling services\nthrough phone and videocalls, with up to three MHPSS sessions per week.\n\n\n**4.5 Ensuring continuous care for persons with moderate to severe mental**\n**health conditions**\n\nPerson with moderate to severe mental health conditions should have access to clinical\nand other services, which may be provided in primary health care facilities by trained\nand supervised health workers, or in dedicated mental health programmes. Some\nservices can be delivered through remote support, but in many cases, it is important that\ndirect person-to-person support continues to be provided in safe ways. This can be done\nby more extensive use of community-based workers and by adapting facility-based care\nto prevent infections.\n\nCountry examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Gambella, Ethiopia, UNHCR\u2019s partner International Medical Corps suspended\nmost facility-based activities for mental health and psychosocial support and focuses\non home visits for people with severe and complex problems. Many services user\nreceived two months\u2019 supply of medication, in order to reduce the need for clinic visits\nand face-to-face contact.\n\n\u22b2 In Zambia, the restrictions on large gatherings forced UNHCR Zambia to cancel\nplanned refresher trainings for primary health care staff who had previously been\ntrained in the identification and management of priority mental health conditions\nthrough the mhGAP programme. Instead of having one training for all participants in a\ncentral location, the two trainers from the National Mental Health Resources Centre in\nLusaka travelled to the three settlements to provide on the job supervision and train\nparticipants in smaller groups with physical distancing and other protective measures.\nThe training was adapted to include COVID-19 related mental health issues.\n\n\u22b2 In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, when movement restrictions prevented the consulting\npsychiatrists to perform their weekly clinics in some of the camps, continuity of care\nwas ensured through video psychiatric consultations with the support of camp based\nMHPSS staff.\n\n\n\n**4.6 Ensuring that person with severe protection risks continue to receive**\n**psychosocial support**\n\nIn any humanitarian setting, people in difficult situations that cause additional protection risks\nneed to be offered psychosocial support. Examples are people in detention, SGBV survivors,\nunaccompanied or separated children and survivors of torture. In the context of COVID-19,\nthose in quarantine or isolation often have additional risks. They often have challenges\nto access MHPSS services due to the combination of COVID-19 risks and protection risks.\nTherefore, additional measures to provide such services are warranted and many UNHCR\noperations have found ways to do this.\n\nCountry examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Colombia, the work of the Regional Safe Space Network (RSSN) along the border\nwith Venezuela continued with services to SGBV survivors provided by telephone\nand in-person in safe shelters. In these homes, a psychologist provides in-person\npsychosocial support to women who are victims of trafficking.\n\n\u22b2 In Niger, MHPSS staff is present in the quarantine and isolation sites to support\npsychosocial needs of affected persons and families.\n\n\u22b2 In Syria, the home-based training programme for older persons was adapted to a\nremote modality. Volunteers established remote communication channels with the\nolder persons through phone or social media platforms. See case history in box 3.\n\n\n**BOX 3 | Fadwa\u2019s story (Syria)**\n\nOne of the volunteers in the home-based training programme for older persons in Syria\nprovided support to Fadwa, a 71-year-old Syrian woman who had previously been displaced\nand has gone through many traumatic events in her life including the violent death of her\ndaughter and her family. The two grandchildren who survived were now living with Fadwa\nwho felt very responsible for them; Fadwa was constantly worried about her grandchildren\nand what should happen to them if she would get infected. This caused her sleeping\nproblems and feelings of anger and irritation. The volunteer who contacted Fadwa, realized\nhow stressed she was and provided her with information about common psychological\nreactions to the COVID-19 situation. Fadwa was also referred to a psychosocial case\nmanager for counselling. The case manager helped her identify her feelings and worked\nwith her on healthy coping mechanisms and how to include her grandchildren in activities\nsuch as light physical exercises, cooking and reading. Fadwa was also linked to in-kind\nassistance, where she was provided with a hygiene kit containing disinfectants, detergents\nand other cleaning materials. The state of distress subsided and when Fadwa was asked for\nfeedback on the programme, she said _\u201cI have overcome my fears because you took care of_\n_me and showed me how to take care of myself, which made me feel that I am not alone and_\n_that I am surrounded by friends_ \u201d. Fadwa and her grandchildren are still being followed up\nand supported.\n\n\n\n6 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.7 Attention for mental health and wellbeing of refugees supporting others**\n**in their community**\n\nIt is essential to pay attention to the mental health and wellbeing of all responders, including\nrefugees who work as volunteers. Many local UNHCR offices and partners have taken\nmeasures to provide mental health and psychosocial support for humanitarian responders.\n\nCountry examples:\n\n\u22b2 In Egypt, the staff of UNHCR\u2019s partner PSTIC are almost all refugees themselves.\nDuring the pandemic, the organization continues to offer their workers support,\nongoing training, and appreciation. A daily \u2018Corona Newsletter\u2019 gives workers updates\nabout the virus. A Facebook \u2018fun page\u2019 is filled daily with jokes and workers lead a\nnightly DJ or comedy show. To ensure support and maintain quality of care, workers\nare divided into teams that talk daily on WhatsApp groups and meet on Zoom to\nconfidentially discuss cases. All psychosocial workers have regular individual online\nsupervision and a monthly online team support group.\n\n\u22b2 In Niger, a national staff member called a colleague and indicated she was very\nstressed, and not able to sleep or eat well. She had continuous palpitations and\ndizziness, all following the discovery that her father had tested positive for COVID-19.\nShe had become very frightened of the idea that she might have contracted COVID-19\nherself, and, contrary stated to visit various clinics from where she was sent away.\nShe felt rejected and stigmatized. A colleague talked with her through telephone at\nlength and this regular peer support helped her overcome her stress and manage the\nsituation.\n\n\u22b2 In Iraq, after noticing the increased needs among partner staff in the refugee camps,\npsychosocial support sessions were organized for them by the MHPSS Community\nWorkers who are themselves residents of the camps and had been trained in\nproviding psychological support.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 5. Spotlights: country examples from work of UNHCR and **partners worldwide**\n\n\n\nadapted forms. For example, HIAS staff, with support of UNHCR, partnered with a local\nradio station to provide public messages, to facilitate radio discussions on COVID-19, and\naudio drama sketches. The new way of working was hard for staff and volunteers, but\noverall experiences are positive and have empowered the refugee volunteers.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "respond to crisis situations including acute suicidality, substance use and family violence.\n\n\nRefugee psychosocial workers divide their clients into groups: those who need a daily call,\nthose who need a call a few times a week, those who need a weekly call and clients who\ncould call when they wanted support. Those calls were often difficult since many refugees\nwere frightened and worried due to major financial challenges: many fear they cannot pay\nthe rent for their apartment.\n\n\nThe COVID-19 situation also led to new initiatives like Whats App discussion groups about\nmaintaining your mental health; a Facebook page on self-care and parenting; availability of\ntele-support in 12 languages; and an online support and activities for parents with children\nwith special needs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand parenting skills. Refugee volunteers also prepared home-based videos, virtual games,\nand voice recordings over WhatsApp with information on COVID-19, including the\nimportance of taking care of one\u2019s mental health.\n\n\n**Training first responders in Psychological First Aid:** UNHCR had already provided\nPsychological First Aid (PFA) training to frontline staff (registration staff, hotline operators,\nprotection staff), to help them deal with displays of strong emotions during interviews and\ncounselling. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, partners provided additional trainings\non remote delivery of PFA.\n\n\n_**Community engagement:**_ New community groups and community health volunteers were\nformed within informal settlements and collective shelters to support communities to take\non a leading role in their own safety and wellbeing during the pandemic.\n\n\n_**Strengthening remote helping:**_ The UNHCR national call centre and additional regional\nlines remain open. All staff of hotlines and call centres received training on remote\ncounselling and are updated on a regular basis on information regarding COVID-19 and the\navailability of services. UNHCR also cooperates with Embrace, the national helpline for\nemotional support and suicide prevention in Lebanon. Implementing partners, such as IRC,\nCaritas, and INTERSOS provide trainings on remote psychological support, counselling and\ncase management to their staff.\n\n\n_**Ensuring care for and protection of persons with severe mental health conditions and**_\n_**protection risks:**_ In order to ensure care for persons with severe mental health conditions,\nUNHCR implementing partners identify people at high risk and hold face-to-face sessions\nwith them, while taking precautionary measures. Due to the safety measures of the\ngovernment, mental health hospitals had stopped admitting new patients. However,\nfollowing strong advocacy of UNHCR Lebanon, some major institutions have agreed to\nadmit refugees with severe mental health conditions after taking all the necessary\nprecautionary measures.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **UNHCR Guidance around MHPSS**\n\n\u22b2 UNHCR (2013) [Operational Guidance for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/525f94479/operational-guidance-mental-health-psychosocial-support-programming-refugee.html)\n[Programming in Refugee Operations;](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/525f94479/operational-guidance-mental-health-psychosocial-support-programming-refugee.html)\n\n\u22b2 UNHCR (2017) [Community-Based Protection & Mental Health & Psychosocial Support;](https://www.refworld.org/docid/593ab6add.html)\n\n\u22b2 UNHCR (2018) [Mental health and psychosocial support entry in Emergency Handbook;](https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/49304/mental-health-and-psychosocial-support)\n\n\u22b2 UNHCR (2019) [UNHCR\u2019s approach to mental health and psychosocial support in](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%27s%20approach%20to%20mental%20health%20and%20psychosocial%20support%20in%20displacement-2019.pdf)\n[displacement.](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%27s%20approach%20to%20mental%20health%20and%20psychosocial%20support%20in%20displacement-2019.pdf)\n\n\u22b2 UNHCR (2020) Thematic report, Mental health and psychosocial response during\nCOVID-19 outbreak in the MENA region, UNHCR MENA Protection Service, June 2020.\n\n### **Interagency Guidance around MHPSS in COVID-19**\n\n\n\u22b2 IASC (2020) [Operational considerations for multisectoral mental health and](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/operational)\n[psychosocial support programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contains detailed](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/operational)\nguidance and tips on adapting MHPSS services in humanitarian settings. Was\nprepared by a group of 26 NGOs and UN agencies that was chaired by UNHCR. It\ncontains practical guidance around the adaption of MHPSS services and provides.\n\n\u22b2 IASC (2020). [Basic Psychosocial Skills- A Guide for COVID-19 Responders. An](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/basic-psychosocial)\nillustrated book to support staff and volunteers in the COVID-19 response in coping\nwith the stresses of the pandemic and effectively supporting others.\n\n\n\n\n\n16 EMERGING PRACTICES: **mental health and psychosocial support in refugee operations during the COVID-19 pandemic**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Fifteen-year-old asylum-seeker Luisa**\n**uses the educational and psychological**\n**materials provided by UNHCR partner**\n**Casa del Migrante in Guatemala City.**\n**Luisa has been depressed, lost her**\n**appetite and is having trouble sleeping**\n**because of the COVID-19 movement**\n**restrictions imposed soon after she and**\n**her family arrived in Guatemala from**\n**another Central American country.**\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Alexis Masciarelli\n\n\n**MORE INFORMATION**\n\n\nUNHCR Public Health Section,\n\nDivision of Resilience and Solutions,\n\nUNHCR Geneva, **hqphs@unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fb6076f-46e3-343d-94f3-cd5e688777ca/5ee2409b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_133/raw/doc_133_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_133/raw/doc_133_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1ae2b32d830deb352096c0ef5019a95ff5ac02b2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_133/raw/doc_133_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### IN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT ON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### INTRODUCTION\n\nWithin UNHCR public health covers various areas including primary health\ncare, nutrition and food security, reproductive health and HIV, mental\nhealth and integrated refugee Health Information Systems (iRHIS). Sectoral\nprogramming in a comprehensive response context means applying a wholeof-government (i.e. relevant national and local authorities for health and\nnutrition response) multi-stakeholder approach and planning with relevant\npartners. The overall responsibility of coordinating the health sector\nresponse in refugee-only situations will be with the Ministry of Health, with\nsupport of UNHCR and relevant partners. A wide range of partners play\na role in planning and delivering public health interventions in different\nareas and at different stages of the refugee response. For an effective and\ncomprehensive response it is therefore essential to know how and when to\nengage these various partners. Though the establishment of refugee-specific\nservices may be needed in the early phases of a refugee situation, longer\nterm solutions are required to ensure that refugees have access to services\nthrough the national health system. Host countries may require assistance\nfrom other partners, including international organizations but also local\npartners, to make the necessary adjustments to comprehensively include\nrefugee health needs into national development and local health plans,\nto strengthen/reinforce national and local resilience of national and local\nhealth systems to meet the health needs of refugees and host communities.\n\n\n### OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH AND NUTRITION PROGRAMMING AS PART OF COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES\n\n## **1.**\n\nRefugees have access to quality, comprehensive health and nutrition\nservices from the onset of the emergency to stabilization which\naddress the main causes of morbidity and mortality, including\nthe needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized.\n\n## **2.**\n\nInclusion of refugees into the national / development response in\nthe health sector is accelerated as part of global efforts towards\nuniversal health coverage (UHC) as per the United Nations 2030\nAgenda for Sustainable Development (\u201cleave no one behind\u2019\u2019).\n\n## **3.**\n\nNational health systems are strengthened at the local and national level.\n\n## **4.**\n\nHost communities benefit from improved access to quality health\nservices alongside refugees in an equitable manner.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### UNDERLYING POLICIES/PRINCIPLES/STANDARDS\n\n\u00bb \u00bb UNHCR\u2019s global public health strategy 2019-2023 (forthcoming) aims to ensure\nthat all refugees are able to exercise their **rights** in accessing life-saving and\nessential health care, mental health, HIV prevention, protection and treatment,\nreproductive health and nutrition services.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb UNHCR promotes **Universal Access** to Health Care and Equity Principles in\nsupport of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 and 3 and through a **primary**\n**health care (PHC)** approach embedded into the national public health system.\nWhile supporting global efforts towards UHC, access to primary health care\nand to cost effective interventions at secondary health care level will take\nprecedence over long term and costly secondary and tertiary care, and be based\non country level standard operating procedures for referral care [1] .\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb Wherever **National Health Service delivery programmes** are available, these\nare preferred to setting up parallel services for refugees. In emergencies and\nin refugee camp situations, UNHCR and partners may have to establish health\ncentres, due to lack of availability or poor absorption capacity of the national\nhealth care system. These health centres should be integrated, and where\nfeasible, accredited by the Ministry of Health and be part of the national health\nsystem. Structures, equipment and design should be in line with the national\nstandards for health facilities to avoid the need for expensive rehabilitation/\nupgrade of facilities during the handover phase.\n\n\n1 UNHCR\u2019s Principles and Guidance for referral Health Care for Refugees and Other Persons of Concern. UNHCR, 2009.\n\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb UNHCR works to ensure that refugees have access to health and nutrition\nservices at **equal levels** and at similar costs to that of nationals of the host\ncommunity once ensuring that minimum standards have been met.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb Effective **coordination** between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and other line\nministries is of paramount importance including in exploring opportunities for\nintegration of services.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb Not all refugee situations start with an influx, and all emergency responses need\nto transform into a more consolidated and stable programmatic response in\nthe mid- to long-term. This would include seeking the engagement of relevant\nnational and local government authorities and development actors. The Global\nCompact on Refugees envisages that refugee responses would be designed in a\nmanner that would pave the way for more **sustainable support and responses**,\nwhere possible, integrating responses for refugees into national systems while\nensuring these are adequately supported.\n\n\n\u00bb **Regardless of the location** \u00bb (camp, settlement, out of camp, urban [2], rural etc.), it\nis critical to ensure (and support directly if necessary) refugee access to quality\nhealth services and means to meet their basic needs. Advocate to ensure that\nexisting social protection systems (including cash-based transfers as part of\nsocial safety nets) are available for vulnerable refugees so that they can access\nservices equitably.\n\n\n2 Ensuring access to health care: Operational guidance on refugee protection and solutions in urban areas. UNHCR, 2011.\n\n\n\nIN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT\nON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES\n\n\u00bb \u00bb States are primarily responsible for ensuring refugees are protected.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb UNHCR retains the overall accountability for Persons of Concern\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb UNHCR\u2019s role includes the following key elements:\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 **Coordination:** As the agency ultimately responsible for refugee responses,\nUNHCR has a role in coordinating UN and partner responses for refugees\nincluding convening and catalysing the engagement of a broader array of\nstakeholders in line with the GCR.\n\n\n4 PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION\n\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 Ensuring that **protection considerations** are taken into account in the healthrelated interventions of the refugee response, including those of partners\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 **Advocacy and technical support to legislative, policy or strategy changes**\nwhere relevant, to facilitate **inclusion in national systems and plans** : UNHCR\nadvocates with relevant counterparts (Ministries, UN) to include refugees in\nhealth service delivery at national and local levels, and in national planning\ndocuments (National development plans (NDP) and support frameworks\nsuch as UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF).\nWhen needed and feasible, UNHCR to work with relevant partners [relevant\nline ministries, international organizations such as WHO and local partners]\nwho would provide support to host governments to strengthen national\nhealth systems and health service provision.\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 Ensuring that a **situation analysis and mapping of relevant actors**\n(Government, UN agencies, NGOs, multilaterals and donors) in the health\nsector is done in collaboration with the line ministry to inform the design of a\nresponse in each area of public health and nutrition and for every stage of the\nresponse.\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 **Facilitating data driven responses** Facilitate and support the collection,\ncompilation, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health program\ndata. Support inclusion of refugees in national data systems and tools\nincluding disaggregation of data by nationality to the extent possible.\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 **Refugee participation and consultation** : wherever possible, continue to\ndevelop and support consultative processes that enable refugees and host\ncommunity members to assist in designing appropriate, accessible and\ninclusive responses.\n\n\n\u2013\u2013 **Providing technical expertise & support** : UNHCR will seek to provide\nor facilitate technical and general support to partners on program\nimplementation and support for inclusion of refugees in national data\nsystems..\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health program\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9947885274887085, - "start": 331, - "end": 334 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.677581250667572, - "start": 407, - "end": 408 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9903178215026855, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### TIMELINE AND SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS [3]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 Inclusion is cross-cutting and starts at onset of the response planning and should be gradually and contextually formulated as per guidance in this document.\n\n4 New arrival, wide-age-range vaccination, screening for and treatment of acute malnutrition, management of injuries, prioritized reproductive health services etc.\n\n5 For example, where national services are not nearby or do not have the capacity or unable to meet the particular needs of refugees such as specific mental health services or sexual and gender-based violence services\n\n\nIN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT\nON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6 PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### OVERALL RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS ACTORS [6]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6 Inclusion is cross-cutting and starts at onset of the response planning and should be gradually and contextually formulated as per guidance in this document.\n\n7 In some contexts where refugees represent a large proportion of the population, particularly where there is reason to suspect that coverage may be different among this group, oversampling may be considered to provide estimates for both the displaced persons and\nthe host population\n\n\nIN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT\nON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8 PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PREPAREDNESS** **EMERGENCY** **TRANSITION** **LONG-TERM INCLUSION**\n\n\nAs above Comprehensive nutrition services integrated as much as possible into MoH systems (often supported by UNICEF in collaboration with UNHCR).\n\n\nNutrition assessments of refugees and national populations.\n\n\nPrevention of acute malnutrition, anaemia and stunting by gradually integrating refugees into national programmes of fortification, deworming and supplementation as well\nas close nutritional monitoring. If need be in collaboration with UNICEF, WFP and other partners for human resources, nutritional supplies and equipment.\n\n\nAdvocate for eligible refugees to receive therapeutic feeding products (ready-to-use therapeutic food, F75, F100) and medications (systemic treatment and ReSoMal) through\nnational system.\n\n\nEngage UN agencies (UNICEF, WFP) to support treatment and prevention of acute and other forms of malnutrition.\n\n\nEngage supervision from MoH on nutrition service provision.\n\n\nInclude refugees in national Vitamin A, deworming, school feeding and micronutrient fortification programmes.\n\n\nPrevention of micronutrient deficiencies and anaemia by gradually integrating refugees into national programmes of Vitamin A supplementation, deworming, school\nfeeding and micronutrient fortification programmes as well as close nutritional monitoring and enhanced collaboration with reproductive health programmes. If need be in\ncollaboration with UNICEF, WFP and other partners for human resources, nutritional supplies and equipment.\n\n\nInclude refugee nutrition programme staf (government and local partners) in national capacity building programmes for improved/integrated health and nutrition services.\n\n\n\nAs above Infant and young child feeding in emergencies (IYCF-e).\n\n\nPrioritize life-saving IYCF activities (defined by context)\nand advocate for needs of infants and pregnant and\nlactating women to be considered in all sectors.\n\n\nReference: UNHCR/Save the Children IYCF in Refugee\nSituations: A Multi-Sectoral Framework for Action.\n\n\n\nMulti-sectoral integrated IYCF programmes. Engage other sectors e.g. WASH, camp management, security,\nsettlement and shelter, health, food security and livelihoods, logistics, child protection, general coordination.\n\n\nBuilding systems and capacity to promote IYCF support (often in collaboration with UNICEF).\n\n\nInclude refugees in national IYCF and child health programmes.\n\n\n\nIN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT\nON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PREPAREDNESS** **EMERGENCY** **TRANSITION** **LONG-TERM INCLUSION**\n\n\nAs above Minimum Initial Service Package for RH (MISP) including Scale up to comprehensive reproductive, HIV/TB health services.\nEmergency Obstetric Care.\n\nAdvocate for inclusion of refugees into national HIV, TB and malaria programmes for provision of ART, malaria\nand TB drugs, rapid testing kits, early infant diagnosis, GENExpert and viral load, bed nets (LLIN) etc. Global\nFund support may be needed including emergency funds for large influxes, reprogramming of existing grants or\ninclusion into new grants. (Reference GFATM\u2019s\u2019 Challenging Operating Environment Policy and UNHCR\u2019s Global\nFramework Agreement).\n\n\nInclude in national cervical cancer screening programmes and obstetric fistula programs where they exist.\n\n\nInclude refugees health workers or staf working in refugees sites in national trainings\n\n\nlevel referral system.\n\n\nAdditional support to referral facilities may be needed in terms of equipment support, payment of referral costs\n\n\n\n|As above|Life-saving referral care and logistics support.|\n|---|---|\n|As above|Identifcation of NCD patients & ensure continuity of
care.
Support training/refreshment of health providers on NCD
updated protocols.
Prioritize patients considered to be at higher risk
of complications \u2013 symptomatic; those for whom
medication interruption is likely to have signifcant
consequences; those who have had recent disease
instability; and those with multiple co-morbidities.|\n\n\n10 PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION\n\n\n\nIntegrate NCD care into primary health care and ensure congruence with the national health system.\n\n\nAdvocate for inclusion into existing national NCD services and programs.\n\n\nIn the absence of functioning local facilities, identifying and supporting a reliable health partner is important and,\nequally, referral systems should be established where specific care is not provided directly by the health partner.\n\n\nSupport the local health system to maintain and enhance their NCD services.\n\n\nReference: NCDs in Humanitarian Settings- Operational guidelines (contact UNHCR Public Health Section).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PREPAREDNESS** **EMERGENCY** **TRANSITION** **LONG-TERM INCLUSION**\n\n\n\nAs above\n\n\nPromote the dissemination and use of\ninternational guidance documents such\nas IASC Guidelines for Mental Health\nand Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) and\nmental health entries in Sphere Minimum\nStandards and UNHCR Emergency\nHandbook.\n\n\nReview national health plans and policies\nand advocate that activities for refugees\nare included and equitably provided as\nnationals.\n\n\nTraining of health workers and other\nrelevant actors on culturally-sensitive\nservice delivery, including interpreters;\nharmonized with health system processes.\n\n\n\nProtect the rights of people with severe mental health\nconditions in the community, hospitals and institutions.\n\n\nOrient staff and volunteers on how to offer\npsychological first aid.\n\n\nMake basic clinical mental healthcare available at every\nhealthcare facility.\n\n\nMake psychological interventions available where\npossible for people impaired by prolonged distress.\n\n\nWork with protection actors to strengthen community\nself-help and social support.\n\n\nComprehensive food security interventions to include\nprovision of blanket assistance to meet basic needs\n(food- in-kind or cash, with partners).\n\n\nJoint Needs/Vulnerability Assessments (refugee/host).\n\n\nNutrition sensitive agriculture, livelihood programmes.\n\n\nDevelopment of Self-Reliance Strategy for food/\nnutrition.\n\n\n\nComprehensive food security interventions to include\nprovision of targeted assistance to meet basic needs\n(food- in-kind or cash, with partners) where government\nsocial protection programmes do not yet include\nrefugees and needs are identified.\n\n\nContinue food security activities as per Self-Reliance for\nfood and nutrition Strategy.\n\n\nLink and support to social protection systems for most\nvulnerable.\n\n\n\nAs in emergency stage PLUS:\n\n\nOrganize a referral mechanism among mental health specialists, general healthcare providers, community-based\nsupport and other services.\n\n\nDevelop plans with the MoH, development donors and NGOs to develop a sustainable mental health system.\n\n\n\nAssessments with line ministries to determine\nvulnerability (poverty and food security).\n\n\nIntegration into government social protection system.\n\n\n\nTraining of refugees on key health and nutrition and Continuous training of health workers in refugee settings linked with MoH national training curricula.\nhygiene promotion messages.\n\n\u0007Support efforts to ensure qualified refugee health workers are able to work similar to national system health\nworkers.\n\n\n\nCapacity/skill building of refugees.\n\n\nIN OPERATIONALIZING THE GLOBAL COMPACT\nON REFUGEES AND COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSES 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9cb93511-ff30-3831-b43c-845d995e89f6/5fb3ad4d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_134/raw/doc_134_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_134/raw/doc_134_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 35695ff26a719c072f1e6d4bffee08a1fd0d061a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_134/raw/doc_134_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The _[Three-Year Strategy on Resettlement and Complementary Pathways](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/5d15db254/three-year-strategy-resettlement-complementary-pathways.html)_ translates the [Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)](https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html) into\na global plan for action to build the structures to increase the number of resettlement and complementary pathways places.\nIt also seeks to expand the number of engaged countries and improve the availability and predictability of third country\nsolutions for refugees. The Strategy foresees resettlement of one million refugees and admission of two million through\ncomplementary pathways by 2028. More specifically, the Strategy calls for an incremental increase of 10,000 resettlement\nadmissions per year. The global resettlement admissions target was set at 70,000 refugees for 2020 and at 80,000 for 2021.\nIt will be reaching 150,000 refugees by 2028.\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic **had a serious impact with border closure and travel restrictions** and placed a significant obstacle\nin securing third country solutions for refugees in 2020. The pandemic\u2019s toll on European countries has been significant.\nDespite the major challenges caused by COVID-19, EU Member States remained engaged with UNHCR to find ways to\nkeep resettlement programmes running: scores of refugees with emergency protection needs have been able to depart for\nresettlement; and innovative modalities have been adopted to maintain resettlement processing. UNHCR welcomes the\nsupport and assistance provided by EU Member States and local communities to refugees.\n\n\nWith the resumptions of travel and admissions since June 2020, UNHCR stands ready to support States in their efforts.\nUNHCR is very pleased to see several arrivals to EU countries, including from the Niger Emergency Transit Mechanisms and\ncalls on countries to assist and expedite departures in order to continue evacuations from Libya.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the Pact on Migration and Asylum and looks forward to working with Member States and the EU.\nThe Pact is a foundation for growing resettlement and complementary pathways in 2021 and beyond in reflection of the\ngoals of the _Three-Year Strategy on Resettlement and Complementary Pathways_ .\n\n## I. SOLIDIFYING THE EU\u2019S POSITION AS A LEADER IN RESETTLEMENT\n\n\n- **Recommendation 1: Increase the number of resettlement places:** While the Strategy\u2019s goal for 70,000 refugees to be\nresettled globally in 2020 will not be met, UNHCR asks the EU countries to do everything possible to meet the targets,\nwhether by the end of 2020 or into 2021. UNHCR asks for the 27 EU Member States to admit at least 35,000 refugees\nin 2021, in addition to the 30,000, due to arrive in 2020. This would secure the EU\u2019s contribution of 40 % of global\nresettlement.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 2: Increase the number of resettlement countries:** The Strategy also aspires to increase the number\nof resettlement countries globally to 50 by 2028. In the last two years, only 29 countries received UNHCR resettlement\nsubmissions, which is significantly less than in 2016 with 35 countries. The European Commission\u2019s support will be critical\nto revive lapsed programmes and increase the number of EU resettlement states.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2021 1/2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f42937b4-b6e1-3649-bc00-5c9f4b5812b9/5fb7e43a4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **Recommendation 3: Strengthening partnerships and build the capabilities** of actors that can contribute to expanding\nresettlement; engaging actors not traditionally involved in resettlement; strengthening the efficiency of processes and\nimproving data collection to inform evidence-based advocacy.\n\n## II. GLOBAL RESETTLEMENT NEEDS 2021 AND KEY PRIORITY SITUATIONS\n\n\n- **Recommendation 4: Priority situations:** As per the 2021 Projected Global Resettlement Needs (PGRN) more than 1.445\nmillion refugees are in need of resettlement. UNHCR urges EU Member States to focus efforts on refugees along the\n**Central Mediterranean Route,** as well as **in the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) countries,** and **in**\n**the Middle East, with a focus on Syrian refugees.** Additionally, UNHCR calls for **unallocated quotas** that can be used in a\nflexible way for urgent and emergency cases across the globe.\n\n## III. KEY POLICY CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n- **Recommendation 5: Towards a predictable and sustainable European program:** The EU has taken encouraging steps\nto solidify a predictable and sustainable European programme for providing refugees third country solutions \u2013 with the\ndraft regulation proposing the _**Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework**_ . UNHCR looks forward to the\nopportunity to consult with the EU and Member States and provide input as the Framework comes closer to becoming a\nreality. The Pact and discussions ahead are also an opportunity to recall the importance of resettlement, and its function\nas a tool to provide protection and a durable solution to refugees.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 6: Enhance collaboration among actors and EASO engagement:** UNHCR welcomes ongoing close\ncollaboration with EASO and the opportunity to participate in EASO\u2019s recent Resettlement and Humanitarian Admissions\nNetwork meetings to maximize information-sharing and coordination among all stakeholders involved.\n\n## IV. COMPLEMENTARY PATHWAYS\n\n\n- **Recommendation 7: Expand and ensure access to Complementary Pathways:** The EU can support the Strategy to\nprovide complementary pathways to two million refugees within the next ten years. Complementary pathways should be\n**in addition** to, not a substitute for resettlement. UNHCR welcomes EU Member States\u2019 initiatives to expand programmes\nand to ensure that these include necessary protection safeguards.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 8: Work with a range of actors to ensure more educational pathways:** UNHCR stands ready to assist\nand work towards expanding partnerships with various stakeholders, including academia, foundations, private sector,\ninternational organizations, universities and civil society for more educational pathways.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 9: Ensure refugees can access labour schemes:** UNHCR welcomes the EU\u2019s support for labour mobility\nas a pathway and calls upon States to exercise flexibility allowing refugees to access already existing labour schemes open\nto foreigners generally.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 10: Engage with civil society on Humanitarian Admission Programmes:** UNHCR calls for States\nto remain engaged with civil society actors responsible for organizing Humanitarian Admission Programs (including\nHumanitarian corridors) so that these efforts align with global resettlement needs and complement the EU and Member\nStates\u2019 larger strategy.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 11: Ensure the right to family unity:** UNHCR calls on EU Member States to preserve the right to\nfamily unity and expand refugees\u2019 access to established procedures that allow refugees to reunite with immediate and\ndependent family members. While the right to family unity is enshrined in international and regional instruments, many\nlegal and administrative obstacles to family reunification remain.\n\n\n- **Recommendation 12: Play an active role in ensuring community sponsorship:** UNHCR encourages the EU\u2019s active\nparticipation in Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative (GRSI) activities. The EU can play a key role in supporting states\ndraft policy frameworks that support community sponsorship and resolving challenges that inhibit nascent programmes\nfrom reaching maturity.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2021 2/2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f42937b4-b6e1-3649-bc00-5c9f4b5812b9/5fb7e43a4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_135/raw/doc_135_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_135/raw/doc_135_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d6c3cd1a8cc9df4adba8c1fb4beb0e6457f47703..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_135/raw/doc_135_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,717 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# UGANDA POLICY BRIEF\n\nUSING SOCIOECONOMIC DATA TO PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS FOR\nREFUGEES IN UGANDA\n\n\n_This brief was authored by Theresa Beltramo, Jed Fix and Ibrahima Sarr, UNHCR. The opinions expressed herein_\n_are the authors\u2019 own. They do not necessarily represent the views of UNHCR. We would like to thank Lilian Achieng_\n_Otiego, Miriam Malmqvist David Githiri, Peter Waita, Stefanie Krause, Damalia Zalwago, Jerry Grants Anyoli, Gerald_\n_Peter Emoyo (UNHCR Uganda), Yonatan Araya, Anna Gaunt, M\u00e9lina Djre (UNHCR Regional Bureau Nairobi), and_\n_Craig Loschmann and Rebecca Ong (UNHCR/DRS)._\n\n\n_Empowering young refugees and local youth with job skills at the Sweswe vocational training centre in Kyaka II_\n_Refugee Settlement, south-west Uganda \u00a9 UNHCR/Duniya Aslam Khan_\n\n\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\nBetween 1992 to 2013, the percentage of Ugandan households living in poverty fell by half. Despite this\ntremendous progress in poverty reduction, a recent economic slowdown and a sharp increase in youth\nentering the workforce have contributed to weak growth in the labour market. It is against this backdrop\nthat the country\u2019s more than 1 million refugees seek their livelihoods.\n\nJust 29 percent of refugees in Uganda are actively working, versus 64 percent among host communities.\nEven after considering differences in age, gender and education, refugees are 35 percentage points\nless likely than Ugandan nationals to be employed. By comparison, in Europe, the employment gap\nbetween refugees and nationals is 17 percentage points (Fasani, Frattini, and Minale 2018).\n\nSignificant gaps also exist for labour force participation and unemployment rates. Working-age refugees\nare 27 percentage points less likely to participate in the labour market than host community members\n(42 percent and 69 percent, respectively) and 24 percentage points more likely to be unemployed (31\npercent and 7 percent, respectively). This is particularly true among youth (age 14-25 years), where 50\npercent of refugee males and 41 percent of females are unemployed, compared to 14 percent of\nUgandan males and 16 percent of females.\n\nThese trends persist after the initial years of displacement. While employment rates for refugees\ndemonstrate some convergence relative to nationals, significant differences remain a decade after\narrival.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "employment rates for refugees", - "confidence": 0.8473777770996094, - "start": 394, - "end": 398 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "differences in wages received for similar skilled jobs. Among the working population, refugees are 1.75\ntimes more likely than host community members to fall below the poverty line. They earn on average 32\npercent less than Ugandan nationals with similar education.\n\nMany refugees accept employment that is below their skills level, education and pre-displacement\noccupation. Such professional downgrading is widely visible, especially among those with higher levels\nof education. Possible reasons include a lack of recognition of refugee qualifications and poor\ntransferability of skills and professional experience. Discrimination, inconsistency and cost of\ncompliance with local regulations as well as employers\u2019 lack of information about the legal status of\nrefugees have also been shown to contribute (Loiacono and Vargas 2019; Chang 2018). This\novereducation of refugees is costly to individuals and firms, as well as the Ugandan economy more\ngenerally. Implementing policies to address these mismatches can have positive impacts on refugees\u2019\ncontribution to the Ugandan economy.\n\nAmong both groups, younger people face more barriers to employment than older individuals, with\nrefugee youth experiencing more than three times higher unemployment rates than nationals \u2013 44\npercent of refugee youth versus 14 percent of national youth are unemployed. Idle unemployed youth\ncan lead to negative societal outcomes such as alcohol and drug abuse, higher rates of teenage\npregnancy, and other extremist behaviour including violence. The negative consequences of extended\nunemployment and inactivity in early career include financial hardship and lower employment as well as\nlower long-term earnings prospects.\n\nContrary to established findings on the returns to education in employment, the education level and\nemployment rate are inversely related for both refugees and the host community, a phenomenon known\nas the puzzle of the educated unemployed. Among host community members, those who have\nsecondary education levels and some tertiary education have the highest unemployment rate of 11\npercent and 17 percent, respectively. Like hosts, refugees with secondary and some tertiary education\nhave the highest unemployment rates- at 43 percent and 35 percent, respectively. These findings\nindicate the importance of economic policies towards encouraging skilled job growth in Uganda to\naddress unemployment for those with secondary and tertiary education.\n\nWhile refugees with higher education are more likely to be unemployed, they are also more likely to be\nsearching for a job and hence likely to participate in the labour market. Further we find that for both\nrefugees and Ugandans, higher education levels are associated with better employment outcomes. For\nrefugees, paid employment is shown to increase with higher education levels, especially for people who\nhave completed secondary education or higher education. As such, it is essential to address risk factors\nto completing school and improve the low transition rate from primary to secondary school. The\ntransition is limited by a number of factors, the main ones being poor performance on the primary leaving\nexamination that is required to start secondary school; and additionally, the fact that teachers often hold\nstudents back from taking the exam so that they will not fail, which can lead to dropout among students\ndue to declining motivation from lack of advancement. One solution is to assist students in increasing\nthe rigour of exam preparation by providing additional courses and materials. The financial burden of\nschool fees and the opportunity cost of attending school \u2013 that youth cannot work to supplement the\nhousehold income \u2013 are additional constraints, especially for refugees. Granting both tuition and\nconditional cash transfers to families of students who pass the primary leaving exam would help support\nrefugees at risk of not transitioning.\n\nCritical to improving secondary school completion rates is making sure there are enough schools,\nincluding in areas that host refugees. Further, existing secondary programmes for refugees have very\nlimited math and science curriculum, which narrows academic choices and in turn, career options and\nlifetime earnings potential in related fields. There is a need to build infrastructure and facilities that will\nenable math and science classes and attract teachers to less desired locations by exploring, with the\ngovernment, the potential for increasing incentives nationally. Likewise, there is a need to advocate for\nmore boarding facilities, especially for girls, to overcome issues relating to distance of school from home\nand associated threats of violence when walking to and from school.\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "as families are more likely to ask girls to work or enter into early marriages. Sustained efforts by UNHCR\nand partners are needed to increase second chance education programmes. Promoting the continued\nuse of radio programmes for classes, even after schools reopen, and expanding online learning will\nensure students are able to maximize their learning. Non-financial incentives should be explored for\nteachers to improve motivation and the quality of teaching in refugee settlements, including potentially\nroom and board and other associated transport, as well as endowments or funds for teachers to design\ncurriculum.\n\nThe data suggests that the level of education required differs across economic sectors and job\ncategories, and that few adolescents complete secondary school. This calls for measures to improve\neducation outcomes, which should support future labour market outcomes. To do so, UNHCR and\npartners should explore programmes that lower or subsidize school fees, create scholarships, and direct\ncash transfers to low-income refugee families to offset the opportunity cost of the student attending\nschool instead of working to provide for the family. Even those refugees who do not continue on to\nhigher levels of education will benefit from basic literacy, numeracy, language, and soft skills followed\nby vocational training. Additional labour market linkage programmes should be explored to improve\nrefugee employment outcomes for all education and skill levels.\n\nAssessing refugees\u2019 skills and facilitating jobs matching soon after arrival, as well as providing timely\ntraining to improve skills, can help refugees get a better employment start and potentially achieve\nquicker convergence in wages between refugees and hosts.\n\nIn the medium-term, implementing a system of recognizing overseas qualifications, especially those\nfrom the region, would facilitate positive employment outcomes for both refugees and hosts. It would\nallow qualified refugees to be considered for jobs that match their skills set, improve wage equity and\nlimit poverty. It would also facilitate the movement of human capital for Ugandans as well as refugees,\nwhich could be particularly important given the country\u2019s large youth population entering the workforce\nand the comparatively slow growth in employment opportunities.\n\nEncouraging government and development actors to provide targeted support to small firms \u2013 including\nself-employed persons \u2013 to grow and increase profitability could increase the demand for skilled jobs.\nEnabling policy measures like improving access to financing can help the self-employed expand their\nbusinesses, which has potentially outsized positive impacts on the economy. Particularly for refugees\u2019\ngreater access to financial capital could help account for the loss of assets due to displacement and\nconstitute a form of insurance in low revenue periods.\n\nWhile Uganda\u2019s generous approach to hosting refugees is well recognized, these labour market\nconditions demonstrate the challenges in achieving refugees\u2019 self-reliance, even in such a liberal policy\nenvironment. Doing so will require additional investments in education, particularly in improving the\ntransition from primary to secondary school and inherently addressing the barriers to quality education\nfor refugees and hosts, particularly in math and science, and barriers to accessing education, particularly\nfor girls. Further, to improve labour market integration, several key activities are needed, including: (i)\nearlier assessment of refugees\u2019 skills; (ii) matching these skills to the job market by providing training\nand jobs matching; and (iii) facilitating recognition of certificates and degree equivalence.\n\n\n**INTRODUCTION**\n\nWith over a million refugees, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting nation in the world and the\nlargest in Africa. The country has a generous open-door policy towards displaced persons and its legal\nand policy framework regarding refugees is considered one of the most progressive in the world. Most\nrefugees arrive in Uganda from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi and\nSomalia.\n\nAccess to gainful employment is a concern of all people living in Uganda. Statistics from 2018 show a\nrural unemployment rate of 9.9 percent and 9.1 percent in urban areas (Uganda Bureau of Statistics\n2018). Refugees are no different than Ugandans in that employment is crucial to their livelihoods,\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8235700130462646, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.6214404106140137, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "only a missed opportunity to contribute to host communities, but also increases the risk of poverty and\npermanent dependence on humanitarian assistance.\n\nThis policy brief provides insight into the labour market behaviour of refugees relative to host communities\nthrough a comprehensive analysis of their labour market performance and potential for convergence over\n[time. We make use of cross-sectional household data from the Uganda Refugee and Host Communities](http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081569598919068/pdf/Informing-the-Refugee-Policy-Response-in-Uganda-Results-from-the-Uganda-Refugee-and-Host-Communities-2018-Household-Survey.pdf)\n[2018 Household Survey (RHCS), which sampled 2,209 residential households, distributed geographically](http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081569598919068/pdf/Informing-the-Refugee-Policy-Response-in-Uganda-Results-from-the-Uganda-Refugee-and-Host-Communities-2018-Household-Survey.pdf)\nacross 13 districts in the primary refugee hosting regions in Uganda. As a result, the survey is\nrepresentative of the refugee and host community populations of Uganda at the national level, as well as\nin the regions of West Nile, the Southwest, and the city of Kampala. To track how refugees fare relative\nto Ugandan nationals in the labour market, we consider three primary indicators: employment rate (share\nof working-age population in employment or self-employment); labour force participation rate (share of\nworking-age population employed or seeking employment); and unemployment rate (share of labour\nforce seeking and available for employment).This note generates a profile of households by employment\nstatus and identifies opportunities to improve policies in these areas.\n\n\n**MACROECONOMIC EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT**\n\nIn Uganda, as elsewhere, employment strengthens during periods of economic expansion, and vice\nversa. From 2000-2017, the share of employment elasticity to growth was 0.6, suggesting that a 1\npercentage point increase in economic growth is associated with a 0.6 percentage point increase in\nemployment. The Ugandan employment elasticity of 0.6 is higher than the average in African countries\n(0.41) and very close to the ideal of 0.7 (Coulibaly, Gandhi, and Mbaye 2019).\n\nUganda\u2019s recent decline in economic growth has led to weaker employment. Annual GDP growth slowed\ndown from an average of 4 percent during 2000-2009 to 2 percent during 2010-2017, while the labour\nforce participation decreased from 74 percent and 68 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, the country\u2019s\npopulation grew 3 percent reaching 38.8 million in 2018, with youth making up 55 percent of the total\npopulation, the second highest proportion in the world. While latest estimates by the IMF show more\npositive growth of 6.1 percent for fiscal year 2017/2018, the country remains under pressure to create\njobs to keep up with its growing population. The combined effect of slower economic growth and high\npopulation growth has contributed to significantly lower labour force participation, especially among youth\n(defined as age 14-25 years).\n\nEducational attainment level has an important influence on employment outcomes, including the type of\nemployment. Half of Ugandan nationals with no education could only find seasonal and temporary jobs,\nwhile around 75 percent of employed people with higher education (defined as some secondary school\nor more) have a more stable job lasting all year (IMF 2020). Despite the crucial importance of education\non job prospects, education outcomes in Uganda have deteriorated due to declines in primary and middle\nschool completion rates, contrary to trends in neighbouring countries like Kenya and Rwanda. Barriers to\neducation achievement include the inability to afford tuition (78 percent of male students and 48 percent\nof female students) as well as pregnancy (40 percent of female students) (IMF 2020).\n\nA recent World Bank report found that Uganda will need to create more than 600,000 jobs per year before\n2030 and create more than 1 million jobs per year by 2040 to keep up with the pace of young people\nentering the labour force (Merotto, Weber, and Aterido 2018).\n\n\n_Labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently worse than those of hosts_\n\nDespite the favourable policy environment, the results show that refugees have worse employment\noutcomes than nationals. Only 29 percent of refugees are actively employed, versus 64 percent in host\ncommunities, corresponding to an employment rate gap of 35 percentage points. In contrast, in Europe,\nthe difference in employment rates between natives and refugees is 17 percentage points, less than half\nof the gap seen in Uganda (Fasani, Frattini, and Minale 2018). A recent study confirmed that refugee\nemployment levels in Uganda are surprisingly low compared with Ugandan nationals or refugees in\nneighbouring Kenya (Betts and al. 2019).\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.688108503818512, - "start": 75, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7235819101333618, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RHCS", - "confidence": 0.7400532364845276, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8965787887573242, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.599448025226593, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "employment rate", - "confidence": 0.9504996538162231, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6279070377349854, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6088356971740723, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9240304231643677, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "labour force participation rate", - "confidence": 0.6669702529907227, - "start": 181, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "share of\nworking-age population employed or seeking employment", - "confidence": 0.5948565602302551, - "start": 186, - "end": 194 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.7056536674499512, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6038762927055359, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2000-2017", - "confidence": 0.7162187099456787, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5954484343528748, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rate. The gap in participation rates between refugees and host community members is significant at 27\npercentage points (42 percent for refugees versus 69 percent rate for host community). Even after\nconsidering differences between refugee and host populations such as age, gender and education, the\ngap remains sizeable at 26 percentage points.\n\nGender differences are also prominent when it comes to economic participation, with the gender gap\namong refugees greater than that among nationals (12 percentage points for refugees, versus 9\npercentage points for host community). Variations are also evident across regions. In the West Nile\nregion, Ugandan women are 6 percentage points less likely than men to participate in the labour market\n(72 percent male versus 66 percent female), compared to 8 percentage points for refugees (37 percent\nmale versus 29 percent female). In the Southwest region, the gaps are 7 percentage points for hosts (74\npercent male versus 67 percent female and 13 percentage points for refugees (70 percent male versus\n57 percent female), respectively. Surprisingly, Kampala reports the highest gender gap in labour force\nparticipation: the gender gap is 26 percentage points for host (79 percent male versus 53 percent female)\nand 30 percentage points for refugees (70 percent male versus 57 percent female). This gender gap in\nKampala for both communities is close to the average gender gap globally which is 31 percentage points\nand is commonly cited as a sizeable macroeconomic loss (Dabla-Norris and Kochhar 2019; Blecker and\nSeguino 2012).\n\nA third labour market outcome considered is the unemployment rate. Not only are refugees less likely\nthan host communities to participate in the labour market, those who do so are less likely to find\nemployment. The refugee unemployment rate is 31 percent, which is 24 percentage points higher than 7\npercent for the host community. After considering age, gender and educational differences, the difference\nin unemployment rates between refugees and host communities is still sizeable at 19 percentage points.\n\n\n_Higher education levels are associated with higher employment rates and paid employment_\n\nAs with nationals, refugees with higher levels of education have more success in the labour market. The\nsurvey data indicates that chances of getting hired in the non-agricultural sector increases with higher\neducation levels, especially for people who have completed secondary education or have higher\neducation for both refugee and host communities (Figure 1).\n\n\n_Figure 1: Educational attainment, employment sector and getting paid_\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender gap in labour force\nparticipation", - "confidence": 0.702421247959137, - "start": 199, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Dabla-Norris and Kochhar", - "confidence": 0.8980145454406738, - "start": 271, - "end": 274 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kampala", - "confidence": 0.5503101944923401, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.770045816898346, - "start": 274, - "end": 275 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.9943695664405823, - "start": 400, - "end": 402 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.859112560749054, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "have completed secondary education or higher education. Regression results controlling for common\ndemographic characteristics confirm this finding.\n\nDespite the returns to secondary school education, completion rates remain low for refugees. Among\nyouth of secondary school age (between 19 and 23 years old), only 11 percent of refugees completed\nsecondary school versus 24 percent for host communities. The main reason for dropping out of school is\nthe expense of tuition (63 percent for host communities versus 43 percent for refugees).\n\n\n_Refugees have lower labour market outcomes even a decade after arrival_\n\nThis section profiles refugee assimilation in terms of employment and unemployment outcomes by\ncomparing refugees with nationals using individual characteristics (education, age, gender and time of\narrival in Uganda).\n\nAs expected, the gap is particularly large for recently arrived refugees. The employment rate of those with\nless than one year of residence in the host country is 62 percentage points lower than the rate of nationals.\nIf they are actively searching for a job, they are 64 percentage points less likely to get hired than a national\n(Figure 2).\n\n\n_Figure 2: Refugee assimilation over time_\n\n\nemployment rates converge but persist. After 10 years, differences in unemployment are not statistically\nsignificant. [i] For employment, refugees in Uganda converge towards nationals but never reach parity in\nthe labour market. This is similar to what was found in Canada for refugees (Bevelander and Pendakur\n2014).\n\nWhile refugees face understandable challenges in participating in the labour market upon arrival, it is\nstriking that the gap persists over time, suggesting that refugees struggle to eliminate their initial labour\nmarket disadvantage vis-\u00e0-vis Ugandans. Potential explanations of these \u201crefugee gaps\u201d is\ndiscrimination, as well as the limited recognition of foreign qualifications and refugees\u2019 limited proficiency\nin the host country\u2019s official languages (Chang 2018). Additional explanations include long periods of\nlabour market inactivity resulting from conflict and displacement due to a lack of social networks and\ndisproportionate lack of information on labour markets (Schuettler and Caron 2020). Even if refugees are\nallowed to work in Uganda, opaque regulations and the extra burden to comply with them can create a\nchilling effect on employing refugees. Research has shown that Ugandan firms are disinclined to hire\nrefugees and seem to lack information about their legal status and specifically their right to work. A recent\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regression results", - "confidence": 0.8902437090873718, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8786022663116455, - "start": 132, - "end": 133 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9252077341079712, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figure 2", - "confidence": 0.5822026133537292, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Bevelander and Pendakur", - "confidence": 0.5692647695541382, - "start": 260, - "end": 263 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.5775740742683411, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.527801513671875, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9148411154747009, - "start": 233, - "end": 234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "allowed to move freely and 23 percent of employers are aware refugees have the right to work,\nrespectively (Loiacono and Vargas 2019).\n\n\n_While self-employment is high among both populations, working refugees are more likely than nationals_\n_to fall below the poverty line_\n\nSelf-employment, which is informal in developing economies including in Uganda, and tends to involve\nlower-skill activities, is high for both nationals and refugees in Uganda when compared to neighbouring\ncountries. In Uganda, the self-employment rate is 76 percent of working nationals, 72 percent of working\nrefugees, and 80 percent among youth in refugee communities. In Kenya, self-employment makes up 61\npercent of the total employed population, while in Rwanda the share is 68 percent.\n\nWhile self-employment is overall higher for Ugandan nationals than refugees, there are differences by\nregion. In Kampala, 43 percent of hosts are self-employed versus 24 percent of refugees. In the West\nNile, the rate is 60 percent for hosts and 61 percent refugees; while in Southwest it is 57 percent for both\nhosts and refugees.\n\nThe high level of informality in the Ugandan economy, and the associated employment vulnerability,\nprovides arguably an additional burden for refugees who have relatively less social networks or safety\nnets and assets which can be used in lean times. [ii] The data shows that among the working population,\nrefugees are 1.75 times more likely than host community members to fall below the poverty line, with 28\npercent of working refugees being considered impoverished versus 16 percent of the host community.\n\n\n_A disproportionate number of working refugees earn less than nationals with similar skills-set_\n\nRefugees earn less than Ugandan nationals, and pay gaps are persistent despite education levels (Figure\n3). The majority of working people in both refugee and host communities have primary education (47\npercent for refugees versus 45 percent for hosts). On average, refugees earn 32 percent less than host\ncommunities with similar skills levels. Refugees with primary education earn 33 percent less than host\ncommunity members with the same level of education. This increases to 50 percent less for workers with\nsecondary degrees, and 7 percent less for those with tertiary education. That the pay gap for refugees\nwith secondary degrees is larger is a worrying trend that may signal to refugees that pursuing secondary\neducation does not lead to better pay and may be a factor discouraging pursuit of secondary school.\n\n\n_Figure 3: Pay gaps between refugees and hosts (Monthly salary in Ugandan Shilling)_\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8230164051055908, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5472438335418701, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly salary in Ugandan Shilling", - "confidence": 0.8190551996231079, - "start": 451, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6984363198280334, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_workers experiencing the largest professional downgrade_\n\nEvidence that refugees are taking jobs that they are overqualified for in order to escape unemployment\nhighlights the inherent inequity in the labour market between refuges and hosts.\n\nThe phenomena of refugees accepting employment below their skill and education levels is known as\nprofessional \u201cdowngrading\u201d. To track this skills mismatch, we first compare the refugee job quality to that\npre-displacement. We also study overeducation, which is a situation where a worker has a higher level\nof education than the level required for the job. All these mismatches constitute a form of labour\nunderutilization.\n\nA simple regression analysis finds that the labour status of refugees in their countries of origin is not\nrelated to their subsequent employment status in the labour markets in Uganda. [iii] In general, refugees\nexperience a drastic professional downgrading upon entry, with intermediate and high-skilled workers\nexperiencing the largest downgrade based on the four ISCO-08 skills level. [iv] Across skill levels measured\nprior to displacement, 66 percent of low-skilled refugees downgraded compared to 85 percent of\nintermediate-skilled and 79 percent of high-skilled refugees (see Table 1). This might be due to a lack of\nrecognition of refugee qualifications and poor transferability of refugee skills and professional experience\nin Uganda as suggested by Fasani et al. (2018). Further, some 65 percent of refugees say they would\nlike to be engaged in the same occupation they were before being displaced, while only 20 percent\nmanage to do so.\n\n\n_Table 1: Refugee labour market trajectories before and after displacement (percent)_ _[1]_\n\n\n\n**Before**\n**displacement**\n\n\n\nNot\nworking\n\n\n\n**After displacement**\n\n\n\nVery low\n\nskilled\n\n\n\nLow\nskilled\n\n\n\nIntermediate\n\nskilled\n\n\n\nHigh\n**Total**\nskilled\n\n\n\nNot working 67.0 6.4 24.6 0.7 1.3 100.00\n\n\nVery low skilled 69.0 19.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 100.00\n\n\nLow skilled 59.0 7.3 33.3 0.1 0.2 100.00\n\n\nIntermediate skilled 83.2 0.00 2.4 8.0 6.4 100.00\n\n\nHigh skilled 46.4 8.4 21.6 2.3 21.3 100.00\n\n\nTotal 62.9 7.2 27.6 0.66 1.7 100.00\n\n\nOne way to study qualifications mismatches is to focus on education mismatches using statistical\nmethods. This approach is based on the distribution of workers\u2019 education levels within each occupation\nor occupational group to determine the modal (or median) education level of all workers in the occupation\nor group (Halaby 1994; McGuinness and Sloane 2011). Thus, a person in employment is considered\novereducated or undereducated if their level of education is greater or lower than the modal level of\neducation of all employed persons in the same occupation or group of occupations.\n\n\n1 The study focused on refugees who were of working age before displacement (aged 14 years or older when leaving\ntheir country origin).\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee job quality", - "confidence": 0.5871793031692505, - "start": 65, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8426978588104248, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9429460167884827, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ISCO-08", - "confidence": 0.512070894241333, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6715614199638367, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8529990911483765, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "distribution of workers\u2019 education levels", - "confidence": 0.8064326643943787, - "start": 467, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Halaby", - "confidence": 0.8141099214553833, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "1994", - "confidence": 0.7170162200927734, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "workers", - "confidence": 0.549677848815918, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7459225058555603, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8163436651229858, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "21 percent overeducated for their current occupation, whereas 14 percent of working refugees are\nundereducated and 36 percent overeducated. The high percentage of overeducated refugees serves as\na barometer to showcase the difficulties refugees face to find relevant jobs. There is no evidence that\narrival dates affect the likelihood of finding appropriate jobs. Thus, refugees\u2019 labour market outcomes are\nsticky over time, suggesting that the chance of finding a job more in line with the refugee\u2019s skills is limited\neven after several years of residence in Uganda.\n\nBeing underemployed can have negative impacts on mental health and well-being. Hultin et al. (2016)\nand Dunlavy et al (2016) show that overeducated jobholders experience more health problems and\npsychological distress. Clark et al. (2014) find that not only is it hard for many workers to transition out of\novereducated employment, but they are also likely to face wage penalties even after they do so. These\nresults suggest that past overeducated employment engender \u201cscarring effects\u2019 with lingering negative\noutcomes on earnings and labour market mobility. These results highlight the important work of trying to\nmatch refugees\u2019 skills early upon arrival to the labour market.\n\n\n**PROFILE OF THE UNEMPLOYED**\n\nAmong both refugee and host communities, younger people face more barriers to employment than older\nindividuals, though refugee youth face more than three times higher unemployment rates than nationals\n\n - with 44 percent of refugee youth versus 14 percent of national youth unemployed. During the period\nreferenced in the survey data, youth represent 49 percent and 45 percent of the working-age population\namong refugees and hosts, respectively.\n\nFemales represent more than half of the working population in both communities (56 percent of refugees\nand 54 percent of hosts). Among refugees, the unemployment rate of females was 26 percent compared\nto 36 percent for males. For the host community, the corresponding rates for females and males were 8\npercent and 6 percent, respectively.\n\nAmong youth, female nationals have a higher unemployment rate than males, whereas the opposite is\nobserved for refugees. Unemployment among young Ugandan females is 15 percent compared to 12\npercent for males. Among refugees, the unemployment rate is 40 percent for females and 47 percent for\nmales. Idle unemployed youth can lead to negative societal outcomes including abuse of alcohol and\ndrugs, higher rates of teenage pregnancy, and other extremist behaviour including violence.\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PROFILE OF THE UNEMPLOYED", - "confidence": 0.5169981718063354, - "start": 220, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5059693455696106, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8800652027130127, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the employment rate are inversely related for both refugees and the host community, a phenomenon\nknown as the puzzle of the educated unemployed (Ginsberger and Meango 2017; De Vreyer and\nRoubaud 2013). Refugees have between two to three times the unemployment rate of nationals,\ndepending on the education level (Figure 5). Host community members who have secondary education\nand some tertiary education (labelled Tertiary) have the highest unemployment rates of 11 percent and\n17 percent, respectively. A similar pattern is observed for refugees, where unemployment is highest for\nthose with secondary education and some tertiary education at 43 percent and 35 percent, respectively.\nLower educated refugees have lower unemployment rate.\n\nThis puzzle of the educated unemployed is prevalent in developing countries, in particular in Africa\n(Ginsberger and Meango 2017; De Vreyer and Roubaud 2013). This situation is explained by the failure\nor absence of policies to create skilled jobs. It is also potentially a consequence of structural adjustment\npolicies that reduced staff in the civil service, one of the largest employers of higher educated individuals\n(De Vreyer and Roubaud 2013). Further, the low chance of getting a job offer and the lower-skilled\nactivities involved in self-employment are also plausible explanations for the higher unemployment of\neducated individuals in Uganda (Ginsberger and Meango 2017). In addition, it is plausible that when\nindividuals are aiming for employment in a neighbouring country, and to increase their chance of getting\nemployed abroad where the returns to education are higher, individuals in developing countries acquire\nmore education. This leads to an increase of supply of educated workers in the domestic labour supply.\nConsequently, this creates involuntary educated unemployment in developing countries (Stark and Fan\n2011).\n\n\n_Figure 5: Unemployment and education, refugees and host communities_\n_(Note: Tertiary indicates some tertiary education attained)_\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**It is essential to address risk factors at school and improve the low transition rate from primary**\n**to secondary school.** Results from the survey show that for both refuges and Ugandans, higher\neducation levels are associated with better employment outcomes. Yet secondary school completion\nrates remain low for refugees, while that for nationals is declining. The transition to secondary school is\nlimited by a number of main factors, including poor performance on the primary school leaving\nexamination and dropping out of school due to low morale and motivation when teachers hold back\nstudents from taking the exam so that they will not fail. One solution is to assist students by providing\nadditional preparatory courses and materials for exam preparation. The burden of school fees and the\nopportunity cost of attending school, being that youth cannot work to supplement household income, are\nadditional constraints, especially for refugees. Granting both tuition and conditional cash transfers to\nfamilies of students preparing to pass the exam (and subsequently after passing) would help support\nrefugees at risk of not transitioning to secondary school.\n\n\nOverall, prevention measures taken to address risk factors associated with failure at school and early\nschool dropout can have positive impacts on employment outcomes, considering the fact that dropping\nout of school increases the likelihood of unemployment and inactivity later in life (McLaren 2003). Thus,\nthere is a need to continue to strengthen the quality of the education sector for both nationals and\nrefugees.\n\n**Critical to improving secondary school completion rates is to increase the number of schools**\n**available. Investing in math and science curriculum will also improve future employment**\n**prospects.** There are not enough secondary schools in Uganda, especially in areas that host refugees.\nEnsuring equal access to quality education is crucial for addressing socioeconomic problems of poverty,\nunemployment and inequality. The World Bank Uganda Secondary School Expansion Program (USEP)\nis building 34 secondary schools in five years which will bring the overall total to 68 secondary schools\nfor refugees by 2025. The WB USEP will help close the gap on existing infrastructure, though more needs\nto be done, in both improving infrastructure and offering competitive math and science programmes. Due\nto limited infrastructure, the existing secondary programmes for refugees have had very limited math and\nscience curriculum which limits their career options and lifetime earnings potential in math and sciences.\nThere is a need to build infrastructure that will enable math and science classes and attract these teachers\nto less desired locations, such as refugee settlements, by increasing incentives nationally. There is\nlikewise a need to advocate for building more boarding facilities, especially for girls, to resolve issues\nrelated to distance of school from home and associated threats of violence when walking to and from\nschool.\n\n**More specific actions targeted at girls are needed as COVID-19 school closures put girls at**\n**additional risk of dropping out** . According to UNESCO, more than 89 percent of all enrolled students\nare out of school because of COVID-19 closures. This, combined with the pandemic induced economic\ndownturn, will potentially increase dropout rates especially among vulnerable groups including adolescent\ngirls and poor children (which frequently includes refugees). Consequently, this further embeds gender\ngaps in education and leads to increased risk of sexual exploitation, early pregnancy and early and forced\nmarriages. Sustained efforts by UNHCR and partners are needed to increase second chance education\nprogrammes and promote the continued use of radio programs for classes even after schools reopen, to\nand expand online learning to ensure students can maximize educational achievement. Non-financial\nincentives should be explored for teachers to improve motivation and the quality of teaching, including\npotentially room and board and other associated transport, as well as endowments or funds for teachers\nto design curriculum.\n\n**Overall, greater investment in education and training is needed to improve labour market**\n**outcomes.** The data suggests that the level of education required differs across economic sectors and\njob categories, and that few adolescents complete secondary school. This calls for measures to improve\neducation outcomes, which should support future labour market outcomes. To do so, UNHCR and\npartners should explore the reduction of school tuition, the creation of scholarships and programmes\nsubsidizing secondary school fees, and direct cash transfers to low-income refugee families to offset the\nopportunity cost of the student studying instead of working to provide for the family. Even those refugees\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9866039752960205, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6292061805725098, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refuges", - "confidence": 0.8074135780334473, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8283625245094299, - "start": 731, - "end": 732 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescents", - "confidence": 0.5875170230865479, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and soft skills followed by vocational training. Additional labour market linkage programmes should be\nexplored to improve refugee employment outcomes for all education and skill levels.\n\n**Enhanced focus is needed to reduce the gender gap in employment.** This brief shows that women\nface more difficulties than men in terms of accessing education and finding a job. Evidence has suggested\nthat reducing barriers to women in the workplace significantly boosts welfare and growth. Policy measures\nshould aim at reducing the education gap for women and promoting female labour force participation\nthrough proactive measures to encourage firms to hire women as well as supporting them to start and\nrun businesses. There is also a need to raise awareness for teenage pregnancy to help lower teenage\npregnancy rates as well as build daycare into secondary schools to support the continued education of\nyoung mothers.\n\n**More attention should be given towards linking youth to the labour market.** This analysis shows\nthat youth in both host and refugee communities have difficulties finding jobs. The negative consequences\nof extended unemployment and inactivity in early career include financial hardship and lower employment\nas well as lower long-term earnings prospects. As many young people leave school early and have no\nqualifications, second chance programmes can help individuals increase their formal education, obtain\nrecognized certification and improve their chances of finding a job. Employment training should be a\ncombination of institution-based and on-the-job training, as evidence suggests this combination yields\nhigher positive labour market outcomes for beneficiaries (Fares and Puerto 2009). Additionally, the\nexpansion and strengthening of national Technical and Vocational Education and Training programmes\nand accreditation to include refugees should be explored.\n\n**Assessing refugees\u2019 skills early, facilitating jobs matching soon after arrival, and providing**\n**upskilling training can help refugees get better jobs and wages right from the start.** We find the\nemployment outcome gap between hosts and refugees is particularly large upon arrival (62 percentage\npoints for employment and 64 points for unemployment). Over time, the unemployment gap becomes\nprogressively narrower with years of residence in Uganda, though it never achieves equity over time.\nStudies show early investment in skills assessment, training, and labour market integration activities can\nhelp to promote quicker convergence in employment. Using a standardized approach to measuring skills\nupon registration of refugees can help limit the time needed to match labour market skills requirements.\nUpon arrival, refugees will need intensive job search assistance and matching programmes to overcome\ninformation asymmetries and lack of social networks. Existing evidence suggests job search assistance\nprogrammes are associated with positive effects on employment prospects (Battisti, Giesing, and\nLaurentsyeva 2019).\n\n**In the more medium-term, a system that recognizes overseas qualifications, especially those from**\n**the region, would facilitate positive employment outcomes for both refugees and hosts.** The\nanalysis suggest that 36 percent of employed refugees are holding a job that requires skills lower than\nwhat they possess. Refugees are also professionally downgrading upon arrival. The development of an\neffective system that recognizes refugees\u2019 past experiences as well as credentials would have a\nsignificant impact in helping them identify opportunities concurrent with their skills.\n\nCross-border or regional accreditation recognition standards would facilitate the movement of human\ncapital for both Ugandans and refugees. Indeed, this could be particularly important for Ugandans given\nthe documented youth bulge and the increasingly difficult employment situation. It could also potentially\nimprove equity of wages and limit poverty for working refugees.\n\n**Encouraging government and development actors to provide targeted support to small firms,**\n**including the self-employed, to grow could increase skilled jobs.** The population in Uganda is very\nentrepreneurial, as demonstrated by the large share of self-employed workers among both refugees and\nhost communities. Enabling policy measures which will improve access to financing for entrepreneurs\ncan help the self-employed expand their businesses, which potentially has outsized positive impacts on\nthe economy. Considering the refugee population in particular, having greater access to financial capital\nmight help compensate for the loss of assets due to displacement, and constitute a form of insurance in\nperiods of low revenue (Schuettler and Caron 2020). Evidence shows that interventions such as repeated\ntransfers or one-time grants or credits can efficiently improve business profitability (Schuettler and Caron\n\n\nUNHCR 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "job search assistance\nprogrammes", - "confidence": 0.6866691708564758, - "start": 465, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6167524456977844, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "entrepreneurship training, intensive coaching and financial inclusion hold much promise for supporting\nsustainable livelihoods among refugees in Uganda (Banerjee et al. 2015; Bedoya et al. 2019).\n\nLastly, with regards to the puzzle of the educated unemployed, we believe that additional macroeconomic\nand policy analysis is needed to address the inverse trend on returns to human capital seen for both\nrefugees and nationals and identify key policy solutions. One explanation may be the failure or absence\nof policies to create skilled jobs, and the high level of informality in the Ugandan economy. More thought\nneeds to be given to the subject in order to inform the Ministry of Labour\u2019s transformation plan. Indeed,\ndevelopment actors have a role to play in showcasing best practices for the Government of Uganda, and\nto assess the best policy options in the national context.\n\n\n**CONCLUSIONS**\n\nAccess to gainful employment is a concern for all people living in Uganda. For refugees, livelihoods\nopportunities are vital to the integration into their new community, safety and protection, self-esteem and\ntheir empowerment.\n\nThis brief highlights the considerable difference in labour market participation between refugees and host\ncommunity members in Uganda. Moreover, refugees who are in the labour market are less likely to find\nemployment than nationals-the refugee unemployment rate stands at 31 percent, 24 percentage points\nhigher than that of the host community. Refugees systematically have jobs below their skill level and are\npaid less than nationals for doing similar skilled jobs. In particular, higher-skilled workers experienced\ndrastic professional downgrading upon entry, and refugees on average are overeducated for most of the\noccupations they are holding, reflecting a mismatch between skills obtained before displacement and\nemployment obtained upon arrival in Uganda.\n\nThis overeducation of refugees is costly to individuals and firms, as well as the Ugandan economy more\ngenerally. Policies addressing these mismatches can have positive overall impacts on refugees\u2019\ncontribution to the Ugandan economy.\n\nUnlike in developed countries, the level of education and the unemployment rate are inversely related for\nboth the refugee and host communities, although refugees have between two to three times higher\nunemployment than nationals, depending on the education level. This situation suggests the necessity to\ndevelop policies aiming to create skilled jobs for both refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\ni In comparison, refugee economic outcomes in the United States have been shown to overtake those of\neconomic immigrants after about 10 years (Cortes 2004).\n\nii Self-employment characterized by the absence of formal work arrangements and adequate social\nsecurity is found to place individuals in a heightened state of vulnerability (ILO 2010).\n\niii The authors regress the current skill job of refugees on their skill job before displacement by using an\nordered logistic regression and perform a LR test. The results suggest no effect of the previous\nemployment status.\n\niv The four ISCO-08 skill levels are based on the characteristics of tasks performed and types of skill\nrequired. For more details see ILO (2012). These categories are referred to as \u201cvery low-skilled\u201d, \u201clowskilled\u201d, intermediate-skilled\u201d, and \u201chigh-skilled jobholders\u201d.\n\n\nUNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45c7c29-ede0-3ce0-839e-468be57dbd00/5fe31b2b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_136/raw/doc_136_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_136/raw/doc_136_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 11631cfd0833476f529ca6954f78434a07cb9cf3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_136/raw/doc_136_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Protecting older people in emergencies: _good practice guide_\n\n\n\n**When communities are struck by conflict or**\n**natural disaster, older people are among the**\n**most vulnerable people affected. Some need**\n**targeted assistance or specific approaches**\n**within general assistance to address their**\n**needs. However, humanitarian programmes**\n**often fail to recognise the challenges and**\n**vulnerabilities faced by older people \u2013 either**\n**because they do not meet their programming**\n**criteria or because their needs are not fully**\n**understood.**\n\n**This situation urgently needs to change.**\n**If the humanitarian sector is to meet its**\n**commitment to deliver impartial humanitarian**\n**assistance that responds to the needs of the**\n**most vulnerable people, it is essential that**\n**it focuses on older people in emergencies.**\n\n**Older people play crucial roles within society,**\n**and are often pivotal in supporting response**\n**and recovery to disasters. Many care for**\n**children and make essential contributions to**\n**family income, while others hold important**\n**roles as community leaders or as holders**\n**of community knowledge and tradition.**\n**In overlooking older people\u2019s roles and their**\n**needs, we also overlook the needs of their**\n**families and dependants, and forgo a**\n**potentially central part of community recovery.**\n\n**This briefing draws on 14 field projects to**\n**highlight common challenges of supporting**\n**older people, and highlights best practice**\n**approaches to protect older people\u2019s rights.**\n\n\n## Background\n\nBetween 2008 and 2011, the United Nations High\nCommission for Refugees (UNHCR) funded HelpAge\nInternational to second two experts on ageing to the\nGlobal Protection Cluster. The role of these experts\nwas to help cluster members working in the field to\nidentify and respond to protection risks facing older\npeople affected by conflict and natural disaster, and to\nincorporate their needs in evidenced-based protection\nprogramming.\n\nThe experts visited 11 countries as part of this project.\nIn 2008 they visited Uganda, Indonesia, and Georgia\n(with a follow up visit to Georgia in 2009). In 2009 they\nvisited Myanmar and Gaza. The following year they\nvisited Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Yemen, and finally\nin 2011 they visited South Sudan, Somalia and Kenya.\nTheir work involved providing technical support to\nfield-level protection clusters, to increase cluster staff\nand partners\u2019 awareness, knowledge and skill in\nidentifying and responding to the protection risks faced\nby older people in natural disasters and conflicts.\nIn Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan, the secondee was tasked\nwith facilitating the mainstreaming of both ageing and\ndisability into protection responses.\n\nOf the 14 case studies in this good practice guide,\n11 summarise the key challenges and most effective\nresponses that the experts identified during their visits.\nThe three remaining case studies \u2013 from Darfur,\nthe Occupied Palestinian Territories and Zimbabwe \u2013\ndraw on HelpAge\u2019s own work in the field. All the case\nstudies demonstrate practical approaches that will\nhelp agencies increase the age-friendliness of their\nprogramming and make sure older people play an active\nrole in their responses.\n\nThe overall aim of this good practice guide is to\ncommunicate \u2018what works\u2019, within a range of contexts,\nto promote protection initiatives for older people in\nemergencies that are truly inclusive.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.9566491842269897, - "start": 567, - "end": 569 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HelpAge", - "confidence": 0.7230061292648315, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.7954385280609131, - "start": 534, - "end": 536 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case\nstudies", - "confidence": 0.9913001656532288, - "start": 621, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HelpAge", - "confidence": 0.9925806522369385, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Occupied Palestinian Territories", - "confidence": 0.8375188708305359, - "start": 602, - "end": 605 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.9085320234298706, - "start": 639, - "end": 641 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Key areas of humanitarian response\n\nThis good practice guide focuses on working practice\nin the following areas of humanitarian response:\n\n**\u2022** **[accessible shelter and latrines]**\n\n**\u2022** **[livelihood support]**\n\n**\u2022** **[access to food and accurate registration]**\n\n**\u2022** **[strengthening family and community structures]**\n\n**\u2022** **[better use of disaggregated data]**\n\n**\u2022** **[appropriate healthcare]**\n\n**\u2022** **[mainstreaming age across clusters. ]**\n\nIn each area, good practice is highlighted through one\nor more case studies that describe approaches to\nintegrating the needs and priorities of older people into\nhumanitarian response. Each one is rounded off with a\nlist of \u2018good practice action points\u2019, which provide key\npointers to refer to during programme development.\n\n### **Accessible shelter and latrines**\n\nIn natural disasters and protracted conflict-induced\nemergencies, one of the most common protection risks\nis of people\u2019s homes being damaged or lost altogether.\nThis forces people to find temporary shelter in crowded\ncamps or collective centres, or with relatives or other\nhosts \u2013 often in unfamiliar places. [1]\n\nFor older people, this experience can be especially\ndevastating. [2] Older people may lack the physical\nstrength and capacity to rebuild and repair their homes,\nrelying on others to support them. Those without family\nor community support may face additional challenges\nassociated with reaching and accessing safe shelter\nand establishing ownership of land. Finally, agencies\nworking to design and build shelters often do not\nregularly consult with older people on their needs\nand how they can participate in shelter solutions. [3]\n\n\n**Case study: Kyrgyzstan**\n\nIn June 2010, ethnic violence erupted in and around\nthe town of Osh, in southern Kyrgyzstan, resulting\nin death, injury and the destruction of approximately\n2,300 homes. The violence led to massive displacement\ninto neighbouring Uzbekistan and 300,000 people\nbeing internally displaced. A multi-sector response\nwas launched by UN agencies and non-governmental\norganisations (NGOs) to address the needs of the\naffected population.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\nTwo assessments of older people\u2019s experience of the\nresponse were carried out in the form of a Protection\nCluster Rapid Assessment and an Age and Disability\nHousehold Assessment. In both assessments, older\npeople identified shelter as a priority need, with\nparticular concerns about how they would be able to\nrepair and rebuild damaged and destroyed homes. [4]\n\nA review of the Shelter Cluster plan indicated that\nhouses being rebuilt by Shelter Cluster agencies and\ngovernment were not always accessible to people with\nmobility problems, which include a number of older\npeople. The HelpAge expert on ageing who was\nseconded to the Global Protection Cluster (see page 1)\nencouraged the shelter and protection teams to work\ntogether to make sure that findings from consultations\nwith older people were integrated into Shelter Cluster\nactivities.\n\nThis led the Shelter Cluster to redesign its houses\nintended for older people with mobility problems.\nThe new design adhered to international standards of\naccessibility [5] and incorporated wide doorways to enable\nwheelchair access, low windows for greater visibility\nby people using wheelchairs and at the entrance, ramps\nand handrails.\n\nAlso, as a result of collaboration with the Age and\nDisability Working Group members, the Water,\nSanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Cluster adjusted\nthe latrine design to meet international standards of\naccessibility, both in older people\u2019s homes and in public\nplaces. The revised design included wider doorways\nto allow room for wheelchairs and to enable carers to\nsupport people during use. The work with other clusters\nwas undertaken in support of the Protection Cluster\u2019s\nprotection mainstreaming role and responsibility.\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Consult older people on their priority needs.**\n\n**\u2022 Involve older people in designing and building**\n**shelters.**\n\n**\u2022 Incorporate age-friendly features into temporary**\n**shelters and latrines and into those being repaired**\n**or constructed, including ramps, handrails, grab**\n**bars and lighting.**\n\n**\u2022 Coordinate responses with other clusters, such**\n**as Shelter, WASH, and others focusing on core**\n**concerns, such as gender and disability.**\n\n**\u2022 Adhere to international standards of accessibility**\n**when building shelters and latrines.**\n\n\nSee also _Guidance on including older people in emergency_\n_shelter programmes._ [6]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.8835675716400146, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.8858590722084045, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection\nCluster Rapid Assessment", - "confidence": 0.996060311794281, - "start": 452, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5289756059646606, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kyrgyzstan", - "confidence": 0.8815076351165771, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.9560366868972778, - "start": 328, - "end": 330 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age and Disability\nHousehold Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9889097809791565, - "start": 458, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kyrgyzstan", - "confidence": 0.6740943193435669, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.9470804929733276, - "start": 328, - "end": 330 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Livelihood support**\n\nIn emergencies, it is not uncommon for older people to\nlose access to their land and other property, becoming\ncut off from normal livelihoods and sources of income.\nMeanwhile, agencies often plan livelihood activities\nwithout considering older people\u2019s capacity [7] or their\nrole in supporting family income. This means they\nare often excluded from income-generating activities,\nfood-for-work or cash-for-work programmes, and micro\ncredit. As a result, older people who are displaced\nduring emergencies face particularly high levels of\nsocial and economic hardship \u2013 especially if they\nare separated from their families and other support\nstructures. [8]\n\n\n**Case study: northern Uganda**\n\nFor more than two decades, Uganda was home to\nviolent unrest due to the rebellion of the armed\nreligious group the Lord\u2019s Resistance Army and\ngovernment counterinsurgency actions. During the\nconflict, more than 1.8 million northern Ugandans\nwere forced to move to internally displaced persons\n(IDP) camps. Long-term displacement led to social\ndisintegration and a heavy dependency on food rations\nand NGO or UN support. Livelihoods were further\nlimited by the lack of access to traditional agricultural\nland and limited opportunity to become economic\nself-sufficient.\n\nFrom 2007 onwards food assistance was phased out\nand the camps closed. To achieve sustainable solutions\nand successfully close the camps, agencies needed to\nhelp households to become economically independent.\nHowever, in 2008 the majority of displaced people\nreturning to their place of origin were young and able\nbodied. Many older people remained in camps and\ntransit sites, where they cared for, and were cared for,\nby household members who were less economically\nproductive \u2013 especially grandchildren and other\nvulnerable children. [9] Older people who were consulted\nduring NGO monitoring visits around this time cited\nthe lack of livelihoods opportunities as a major concern.\n\n\n**Eye examinations**\n**at Camp Acra, Haiti**\n\n\n\nOne protection NGO began consulting with older\npeople in transit locations who were caring for\norphaned and vulnerable children. It identified older\npeople who wanted to develop their livelihoods beyond\nfood aid, by running small market stalls and selling\nkitchen garden produce. The NGO worked with\ncommunity leaders to arrange for a handful of stalls\nto be used, and subsidised initial rental fees until\nthe stalls were self-sufficient. This intervention also\nhelped legitimise the position of the stall workers, and\nprotected them from harassment by other stall holders.\n\nThe produce was sold by, or on behalf of, older\nhousehold heads (most of whom were older women).\nThe profits were then reinvested in kitchen gardens,\nwhich were used to support grandchildren with\nschool fees, clothing and medication. This simple\nlivelihood initiative succeeded in mitigating the\neconomic risk, both to the older people and to the\nchildren in their care.\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Consult older people on their priority needs.**\n\n**\u2022 Recognise older people\u2019s capacity and desire**\n**to be involved in livelihood activities.**\n\n**\u2022 Involve older people in developing and**\n**implementing livelihood solutions.**\n\n**\u2022 Implement solutions with the support and**\n**cooperation of community leaders.**\n\n**\u2022 Coordinate response with other clusters, such**\n**as Early Recovery.**\n\n\nSee also the publication by HelpAge International\nand Cordaid _Making a living last longer._ [10]\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Access to food and accurate** **registration**\n\nWhen people are displaced, access to adequate food,\nsafe water and basic services deteriorates, leading to\nhunger, malnutrition and disease. [11] For people with\nphysical mobility challenges, reaching distribution\npoints or markets to collect or buy food can be an\nenormous challenge. Where food is available, older\npeople with dental or digestive problems may have\ntrouble chewing or digesting certain foods.\n\n\n**Case study: northern Uganda**\n\nIn Gulu district, northern Uganda, protection\nmonitoring by UNHCR highlighted a number of\nchallenges facing older people in accessing food\ndistribution. The older people reported that food\ndistributions often last all day, and involve waiting in\nthe hot sun during the dry season with limited shade,\nor in cold, wet conditions during the rains. People\nhave no access to latrines or water during this lengthy\nprocess, which further contributes to anxiety and\nill health. Some \u2013 particularly older women \u2013 also\nexpressed concerns about the difficulty of carrying\nheavy food items to their huts.\n\nThe protection and food distribution agencies\ndiscussed these findings and found a way to modify\nthe distribution procedures. They began running a\nseparate distribution line for older people and those\nwith disabilities. They also set up a proxy collection\nsystem, where younger able-bodied relatives or\nneighbours could collect the food on the person\u2019s\nbehalf. Information on the proxy person was noted\neither on the registration card or with the distributing\nagency to make sure the proxy person could access\nthe distribution and to avoid fraudulent collection\nof assistance.\n\n\n**Zenul, 70,**\n**is a member**\n**of her local**\n**Older People\u2019s**\n**Association**\n**in Allipul,**\n**Pakistan**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**Separate queues and proxy collection \u2013**\n**key considerations**\n\n**Separate queuing systems and proxy systems of**\n**the type described in the north Ugandan case**\n**study can be expanded to include distributions**\n**of non-food items, information and health care**\n**delivery (see Darfur case study below). For this**\n**to be effective, the only requirements are that**\n**registration lists must be accurate and up to date,**\n**and that there are enough staff present to carry**\n**out two parallel distribution processes. As part**\n**of HelpAge\u2019s cash transfer activities globally,**\n**the proxy system has also been found to enable**\n**housebound older people to participate in the**\n**cash transfer programme.**\n\n**In the north Ugandan case, because older**\n**displaced Ugandans had been accessing food aid**\n**for nearly two decades, the question of accurate**\n**inclusion on registration lists was not an issue.**\n**UNHCR and WFP had carried out extensive**\n**registration of displaced people, which was**\n**inclusive and up to date. However, in other**\n**locations visited by HelpAge secondees (see**\n**page 1), such as South Sudan, incomplete and**\n**inaccurate registration processes often left older**\n**household heads \u2013 especially housebound**\n**older people \u2013 excluded from food and other**\n**humanitarian relief lists.**\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Consult older people on their food needs,**\n**including preferred foods that they find easy**\n**to chew and digest, their ability to access**\n**distribution sites, and their capacity to carry**\n**food distributions home.**\n\n**\u2022 Ensure accurate inclusion of older men and**\n**women in registration lists.**\n\n**\u2022 Communicate age-friendly distribution**\n**processes with the support and cooperation of**\n**community leaders and humanitarian actors \u2013**\n**for example, through separate distribution**\n**queues and proxy collection systems.**\n\n**\u2022 Provide transport or other support to enable**\n**older people to take their distributions home.**\n\n**\u2022 Coordinate the response with other clusters,**\n**such as Food, Health and Nutrition.**\n\n**\u2022 Hold distributions at locations that are**\n**physically accessible \u2013 for example, in central**\n**locations on level ground.**\n\n\nSee also the publication _Humanitarian action and older_\n_persons._ [12]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration lists", - "confidence": 0.899164617061615, - "start": 441, - "end": 443 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian relief lists", - "confidence": 0.8537725210189819, - "start": 667, - "end": 670 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8407835960388184, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.7271466255187988, - "start": 655, - "end": 657 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Strengthening family and** **community structures**\n\nNatural disasters, conflict and long-term displacement\nstretch family coping mechanisms to their limits.\nParticular challenges include the reduced capacity for\nincome generation, family members being displaced,\nand psychosocial factors such as grief, trauma or high\nlevels of stress.\n\nAfter an emergency, families are often unable, or\nunwilling, to support older members of their\nhousehold. With the breakdown of traditional\ncommunity social structures, older people can become\nmarginalised and excluded from formal decision\nmaking. This makes it more likely that the risks they\nface will be overlooked. [13] The disintegration of families\nduring crises and long-term displacement can also\nlead to poor communication between generations \u2013\nespecially between older people and young people. [14]\n\n\n**Case study: Kenya**\n\nIn 2011, the Horn of Africa experienced its worst\ndrought in 20 years, with an estimated 12 million\npeople in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti\naffected by food shortages and lacking the means to\nmeet their basic survival needs. Acute malnutrition\nbecame widespread. In Somalia, drought and conflict\nled to about 1.7 million people being displaced \u2013\nabout 10 per cent of whom crossed into neighbouring\ncountries.\n\nIn Dadaab camp, Kenya, one child-focused NGO\nhad been operating a foster-care project for\nunaccompanied children. It expanded its programming\nto include grandparent carers and young people in\nintergenerational activities, designed to reassert older\npeople\u2019s roles as leaders and educators, and to reduce\nthe gap between old and young. Older people provided\nsupport and mentoring to the young people, while\nthe young people supported their foster grandparents\nin practical ways, such as helping with maintaining\nand repairing shelters. At the time of publishing,\ndiscussions were ongoing about ways to scale up this\nprogramme to include livelihoods and unconditional\ncash transfers.\n\nA second project in the same camp ran older people\u2019s\nsupport groups. In these groups, older community\nmembers came together to identify and develop\nsolutions to key social, economic and other challenges\nthat they faced. They then held discussions with\ncommunity representatives, in order to raise the issues\nwith key decision makers for action.\n\nInitial feedback indicated that the older people who\ntook part in both these projects felt more confident,\nless isolated and more included in decision-making\nprocesses.\n\n\n\n**Case study: Zimbabwe**\n\nOlder people\u2019s committees are a well-established\nway of ensuring that old people\u2019s voices are heard.\nThese are support groups, designed to empower older\npeople to engage in mutual social or economic support\nand direct political advocacy. HelpAge adopted this\napproach in Zimbabwe, to help older people become\nmore involved in programme delivery.\n\nThrough the committees, HelpAge provided training\nand technical advice to older people on issues such as\nsocial support, advocacy and livelihoods (for example,\nthrough sustainable agriculture). The older people\nbecame more involved in processes such as beneficiary\nidentification, registration and selection, and played a\nmore active role in the communication and information\nprocesses between humanitarian actors and\nbeneficiary populations.\n\nA project evaluation found that older participants had\nbecome active \u2013 both as community mobilisers, and\nas educators about issues such as conservation\nfarming, home-based care and hygiene, and HIV/AIDS.\nThey had also begun playing a vital role in dialogue\nbetween communities and government and NGO\ndecision makers.\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Consult older people about what their priority**\n**needs are.**\n\n**\u2022 Recognise the role of older people both as carers**\n**and as people in need of care.**\n\n**\u2022 Give older persons a voice in community**\n**decision-making processes and encourage them**\n**to actively participate in finding the solutions.**\n\n**\u2022 Involve older people in developing inter-**\n**generational activities.**\n\n**\u2022 Establish older people\u2019s committees and support**\n**groups.**\n\n**\u2022 Seek holistic and intergenerational solutions**\n**to psychosocial responses.**\n\n**\u2022 Make sure community meetings include a wide**\n**representation of older people, with men and**\n**women alike given the opportunity to formally**\n**voice their concerns and ideas.**\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Better use of disaggregated data**\n\nIn order to understand and respond appropriately to\npeople\u2019s vulnerabilities, needs, capacities and ensure\naccess to life-saving services, humanitarian agencies\nneed to collect information based on sex and age. [15]\nWithout this data, they are unable to effectively\nunderstand and respond to the priorities of older men\nand women. However, the humanitarian system still\ndoes not age-disaggregate its data collection and\nanalysis across all stages of emergency response.\n\n\n**Case study: Myanmar**\n\nOn 2 May 2008, Myanmar was struck by Cyclone\nNargis. High winds, heavy rainfall and tidal surges\nkilled nearly 85,000 people, with roughly 54,000 people\nleft missing and a further 20,000 injured. The cyclone\naffected 2.4 million people \u2013 just under one third of\nthe estimated 7.35 million people living in the affected\ntownships. Of these, approximately 200,000 were\n55 years or older at the time of the disaster. [16]\n\nAs part of multi-agency and sector monitoring, from\nSeptember 2008 to August 2009 the Tripartite core\ngroup involving the Association of Southeast Asian\nNations (ASEAN), the United Nations (UN) and the\ngovernment of Myanmar carried out three reviews\nof sector responses to generate data to inform targeted\nassistance, determine future assessments and\naccelerate appropriate response and recovery\nactivities. [17]\n\nWithin the protection element of the review, the\nHelpAge ageing expert seconded to the Global\nProtection Cluster (see page 1) observed gaps in\ninformation gathering about older people. Working with\nprotection agencies, the expert helped to revise the\nmonitoring questions used in the review. This resulted\nin a more holistic analysis and inclusion of information\non older men and women. The new format included\nstandardising the definition of an older person as\nsomeone aged 60+, and disaggregating protection\ndata for older people by gender. It also ensured that\nquestions were included on numbers of older people\nwho lacked documentation (which is essential for\naccessing health care).\n\nIncluding age-inclusive questions in this way enabled\nthe protection agencies to measure the impact of\nCyclone Nargis on older household heads\u2019 ability to\nearn a livelihood. Ultimately, the periodic review was\nmodified into a more holistic tool that could be used\nto collect, analyse and report on disaggregated data that\nincluded older people. The results could then be used\nto improve future emergency response and recovery\nprogramming, to make it appropriate to the specific\nneeds of affected communities.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Accurately collect information on older people**\n**during registration processes.**\n\n**\u2022 Introduce and apply data collection systems that:**\n\n**\u2013 disaggregate data by age and sex**\n\n**\u2013 detail registration of affected populations**\n\n**\u2013 establish baselines**\n\n**\u2013 enable needs assessments, monitoring and**\n\n**evaluation.**\n\n### **Appropriate healthcare**\n\nOlder age is often accompanied by decreased mobility,\nsight, hearing and strength. Minor ailments can\nbecome serious impairments that can weaken older\npeople\u2019s coping strategies in response to emergencies. [18]\nOlder people tend to have poor access to medical\nservices during emergencies, and often experience\na lack of understanding, expertise or medication for\nthe treatment of chronic illnesses.\n\n\n**Case study: West Darfur, Sudan**\n\nBy 2011, the Darfur emergency of 2003/4 had become\na protracted humanitarian crisis, with as many as\n2 million people becoming internally displaced \u2013\nmany living in camps throughout Darfur. Of these, an\nestimated 8 per cent of the camp population were made\nup of older people.\n\nHelpAge had worked in West Darfur since 2004.\nIn 2005/6, it carried out a series of assessments and\nsurveys to consult older people about their\nvulnerabilities and health and nutrition needs. [19]\nResults showed that older people in Darfur were not\naccessing health services despite clinics being\navailable. This was for a number of complex reasons.\nMany older people were experiencing isolation and\nneglect, and were excluded from food aid and health\nprogrammes, while others with mobility concerns\nlacked transport. These factors left many older people\nreticent and unable to seek medical care.\n\nIn response to this gap in health services provision,\nHelpAge established a roster of community health\nworkers to visit housebound older people, providing\ncare and referral as required. They also introduced a\ndonkey cart ambulance to transport older people to\nclinics for emergency care. Another initiative involved\ndistributing supplementary food baskets to older people\nat risk of malnutrition, or who were caring for multiple\ndependents.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Meanwhile, HelpAge staff advocated that medical NGOs\nshould set aside specific clinic times each week as\npriority referral times for older people. When the clinic\nwas unable to source or deliver drugs, HelpAge did this\ndirectly, to ensure that older people were accessing the\nmedication they needed.\n\nThese interventions had a range of positive outcomes.\nThe older people became more willing to access health\nservices on their own, and reported higher levels of\nwell-being.\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Consult older people on their priority needs.**\n\n**\u2022 Make sure that health services respond to older**\n**people\u2019s chronic health needs.**\n\n**\u2022 Disaggregate health data by age and gender,**\n**including information on HIV/AIDS, to ensure**\n**clarity on older people\u2019s health needs.**\n\n**\u2022 Provide emergency health providers with training**\n**in how to treat older patients.**\n\n**\u2022 Coordinate responses with other clusters, such**\n**as Food and Nutrition, and with other agencies.**\n\n\nSee also IASC\u2019s _Report on an inter-agency review conducted by_\n_HelpAge International_ . [20]\n\n### **Mainstreaming age across clusters**\n\nOlder people are entitled to equal protection under\ninternational human rights and humanitarian law, but\noften these rights are not realised. Building stakeholder\nawareness of the rights and needs of older people is a\ncrucial step in reducing their marginalisation during\nemergencies, giving them a voice in their own future,\nand enabling them to continue supporting themselves\nand their dependants. [21]\n\n\n**Case study: Pakistan**\n\nDuring the 2010 monsoon, Pakistan experienced the\nworst floods in its history. Flooding hit 84 of 121 districts\nand displaced over 20 million people. More than 1,700\nmen, women and children lost their lives, and nearly 2\nmillion had their homes damaged or destroyed. [22]\nOver a million of the affected people were aged 60+.\n\nA vast number of humanitarian stakeholders were\ninvolved in the Pakistan response, and this created\ndifficulties in integrating age-friendly responses by\nclusters. Identifying key UN, NGO and government\ndecision makers was a challenge, both at national and\nregional levels. Even with specific cluster commitment\nto address core concerns such as age and disability,\nthe lack of field data on older people reduced the\nefficacy (and legitimacy) of advocacy messages, and\nmade claims of exclusion of older people from service\nprovision hard to prove.\n\n\n\nTo highlight the needs of older and disabled people,\nUNHCR brought an Age and Disability Task Force into\nthe Protection Cluster. Drawing on its age and disability\nexpertise and human resources, the task force\ninfluenced humanitarian agencies to mainstream age\nand disability across protection and other clusters.\nThrough consultation and assessment, individual\nmembers identified key issues for older and disabled\npeople who had been affected by the flooding.\nTask force members were then assigned to specific\nclusters to advocate for age-friendly and disabilityfriendly responses to be part of emergency and early\nrecovery initiatives. The task force was also given\na space on the Protection Cluster meeting agendas.\n\nTask force outputs focused on older and disabled people\nbeing included in three key areas:\n\n**\u2022** [needs assessments, implementation and monitoring]\n\n**\u2022** [developing technical guidance]\n\n**\u2022** [promoting inclusive reconstruction through ]\nhumanitarian and government partners.\n\n\n**The task force approach**\n\n**As a replicable mechanism for inclusive response in**\n**emergencies, a task force that combines the core**\n**humanitarian issues of age and disability has many**\n**advantages. For example, older and disabled people**\n**share similar experiences of exclusion, lack of voice,**\n**and limited active participation in emergency**\n**programming. Identifying these shared exclusions,**\n**backed up by field data, can strengthen the advocacy**\n**position of such a task force in pushing humanitarian**\n**stakeholders to adopt a more inclusive emergency**\n**response. The approach has been successfully**\n**implemented in various contexts including the**\n**Occupied Palestinian Territories and Myanmar.**\n\n**This approach also ensures that for both age and**\n**disability mainstreaming, there is an instrument to**\n**encourage coordinated advocacy, partnership, and**\n**raising awareness. Finally, it legitimises age and**\n**disability as central concerns in assistance activities,**\n**and reminds humanitarian actors that inclusion of**\n**age and disability is a humanitarian obligation.**\n\n\n**Good practice action points**\n\n**\u2022 Make sure older people have a specific voice in**\n**the cluster response mechanism.**\n\n**\u2022 Bring together age and disability stakeholders**\n**to increase the capacity for advocacy within the**\n**cluster system, and to identify key areas of**\n**influence.**\n\n**\u2022 Develop holistic ways of meeting the priority**\n**needs of older and disabled people through**\n**cross-cluster advocacy and partnership.**\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Ajabo Ahmed, 70,**\n**Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya**\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThis good practice guide highlights the need for\nagencies to better understand and address older\npeople\u2019s needs, and to integrate their contributions\ninto interventions. It identifies elements of good\npractice for age-friendly programming during\nemergencies.\n\nThe examples of good practices shown here have two\nkey common elements: consultation with older people\nthemselves and an appreciation that older people can\nplay a vital role in developing and implementing their\nown solutions to the challenges they face.\n\nA crucial element of any successful, age-friendly\nresponse is ensuring that older people have a voice in\ndecisions that directly affect them. Coordinating and\ncooperating with community leaders and members of\nthe larger humanitarian community is also necessary\nto ensure a holistic sustainable response.\n\nAnother important ingredient is that information\nabout affected populations must be fully\ndisaggregated, to accurately highlight the impact of\nthe crisis upon older people and those in their care.\n\nFinally, a greater awareness and integration of ageing\nissues across the work of all clusters will further the\nprotection of older people by make sure that more\nand more diverse partners integrate age-friendly\nprogramming into their preparedness, response and\nrecovery activities.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\n**1.** Global Protection Cluster Work Group, _Handbook for the protection of internally_\n_displaced persons,_ Geneva, 2007\n\n**2.** International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies/HelpAge\nInternational, _Guidance on including older people in emergency shelter programmes,_\nGeneva/London, 2011\n\n**3.** International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies/HelpAge\nInternational, _Guidance on including older people in emergency shelter programmes_\n\n**4.** Kyrgyzstan Protection Cluster, _Rapid protection assessment,_ Osh, 2010\n\n**5.** Handicap International, _Disability checklist for emergency response_, Lyon, 2010\n\n**6.** International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies/HelpAge\nInternational, _Guidance on including older people in emergency shelter programmes_\n\n**7.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Humanitarian action and older persons,_\nGeneva/London, 2008\n\n**8.** Global Protection Cluster Work Group, _Handbook for the protection of internally_\n_displaced persons_\n\n**9.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Strong and fragile: learning from older people_\n_in emergencies,_ Geneva/London, 2007\n\n**10.** HelpAge International/Cordaid, _Making a living last longer_, London, 2011\n\n**11.** Global Protection Cluster Work Group, _Handbook for the protection of internally_\n_displaced persons_\n\n**12.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Humanitarian action and older persons_\n\n**13.** Global Protection Cluster Work Group, _Handbook for the protection of internally_\n_displaced persons_\n\n**14.** HelpAge International, _Rebuilding lives in longer-term emergencies,_ London, 2006\n\n**15.** Mazurana D, Benelli P, Gupta H, and Walker P, _Sex and age matter: improving_\n_humanitarian response in emergencies,_ Medford, Feinstein International Center, 2011\n\n**16.** HelpAge International, _The situation of older people in cyclone-affected Myanmar,_\nLondon, 2009\n\n**17.** Tripartite Core Group, _Post\u2013Nargis periodic review 1,_ Yangon, 2008\n\n**18.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Humanitarian action and older persons_\n\n**19.** HelpAge International, _Rebuilding lives in longer-term emergencies_\n\n**20.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Report on an inter-agency review conducted_\n_by HelpAge International,_ Geneva, 2007\n\n**21.** Inter-Agency Standing Committee, _Humanitarian action and older persons_\n\n**22.** UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, _Pakistan flash appeal,_\nGeneva, 2010\n\n\n**HelpAge International helps older people claim**\n**their rights, challenge discrimination and**\n**overcome poverty, so that they can lead dignified,**\n**secure, active and healthy lives.**\n\n\nHelpAge International\nPO Box 70156\nLondon WC1A 9GB, UK\n\nTel +44 (0)20 7278 7778\nFax +44 (0)20 7387 6992\n\ninfo@helpage.org\n**[www.helpage.org](http://www.helpage.org)**\n\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2012 HelpAge International\nRegistered charity no. 288180\n\n\nDesign by **TRUE** www.truedesign.co.uk\nPrint by **Park Lane Press**\nPrinted on Corona Offset, 100% recycled, NAPM and Blue Angel accredited\n\n\nAny parts of this publication may be reproduced without permission for\nnon-profit and educational purposes unless indicated otherwise. Please clearly\ncredit HelpAge International and send us a copy of the reprinted sections.\n\n\n**ISBN 1 872590 63 2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7217620-a83f-3548-835e-45a82ee07e37/6-5-protecting-older-people-in-emergencies-helpage-2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_137/raw/doc_137_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_137/raw/doc_137_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b18f1cc3fbabc9b0f353530dd37c535537e06cc9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_137/raw/doc_137_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# UGANDA POLICY BRIEF\n\n**TARGETING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES TO PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS**\n\nUSING SOCIOECONOMIC EVIDENCE TO DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES IN\nUGANDAN SETTLEMENTS\n\n**SUMMARY**\n\n**\u2022** Refugees with specific needs and vulnerabilities require specialized support and interventions to\nboost their resilience. Referred to as Persons with specific needs, these refugees include\nsurvivors of violence, older and disabled persons, unaccompanied minors, or lactating mothers,\nto name a few categories.\n\n**\u2022** Using vulnerability assessment and household data of refugees in Uganda, researchers examined\nwhether refugee households with persons of specific needs are more economically vulnerable,\nand consequently, need greater financial and employment-related assistance.\n\n**\u2022** The researchers found that refugee households with persons of specific needs spent on average\n23 percent less on food and 18 percent less on non-food items. Overall, their household spending\nis 22 percent less than households without persons of specific needs.\n\n**\u2022** Further, when disaggregated by the main categories of specific needs, single-parent households\nas well as households with members who have health-related problems are the two groups that\nface the highest economic vulnerability.\n\n**\u2022** Households with persons with specific needs are also more likely to have a higher dependency\nratio than other households, providing one possible explanation of their pronounced vulnerability.\n\n\n\n**Background**\n\nRefugees with specific needs, including\nsurvivors of violence, older persons or persons\nwith disability, unaccompanied minors, or\nlactating mothers, face risks that if not identified\nand addressed, can have serious, even lifethreatening consequences for their physical and\npsychological wellbeing.\n\n\nUNHCR advocates for a greater awareness of\nthese needs with the aim of ensuring that\nrefugees of all backgrounds can access\nprogrammes and assistance to boost their\nresilience. In order to provide assistance and\nprotection that address these needs, UNHCR\ncategorizes these individuals into groups and\nprovides support accordingly. [1]\n\n\nAmong non-refugee populations, research\nsuggests households with these individuals tend\n\n\n\nto be more economically vulnerable. Less\nestablished is whether refugee households with\nthese individuals are also economically more\nvulnerable; and if so, what are the implications\nfor policy as well as assistance programmes.\n\n\nUsing data from a recent Uganda Vulnerability\nand Essential Needs Assessment household\nsurvey, the authors of this brief examined the\neconomic vulnerability of refugee households\nwith persons with specific needs.\n\n\nWith over 1.4 million refugees, Uganda is the\nthird largest refugee-hosting nation globally.\nMost refugees in Uganda hail from South Sudan\n(62 percent), the Democratic Republic of Congo\n(DRC) (29 percent), Burundi (3 percent) and\nSomalia (3 percent). The government of Uganda\nhas a generous policy toward refugees that\n\n\n\n[1 See https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/125333/identifying-persons-with-specific-needs and](https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/125333/identifying-persons-with-specific-needs)\n[https://www.unhcr.org/lb/persons-with-specific-needs](https://www.unhcr.org/lb/persons-with-specific-needs)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability assessment", - "confidence": 0.9675893783569336, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.8466883301734924, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.8416669964790344, - "start": 105, - "end": 107 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household data of refugees in Uganda", - "confidence": 0.5323854684829712, - "start": 95, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.8969346284866333, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.7979027628898621, - "start": 105, - "end": 107 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Uganda Vulnerability\nand Essential Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8615646362304688, - "start": 410, - "end": 416 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "household\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.9551915526390076, - "start": 416, - "end": 418 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "authors of this brief", - "confidence": 0.5267735719680786, - "start": 420, - "end": 424 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9893476963043213, - "start": 410, - "end": 411 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6042290925979614, - "start": 378, - "end": 380 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "among other benefits, provide land for farming\nand housing.\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThis policy brief uses cross-sectional household\ndata from the Vulnerability and Essential Needs\nAssessment survey. The survey sampled 5,017\nrefugee households distributed geographically\nacross the primary hosting regions in Uganda\nand identified groups of persons with specific\nneeds who may face heightened risks. The\nsurvey is representative of the refugee\npopulation in Uganda at the national as well as\n\n\n\nsettlement levels. Economic well-being and\nvulnerability can be measured in many different\nways. In this note, economic vulnerability is\nmeasured by food, non-food, or overall\nexpenditure per capita.\n\n\nAmong the refugee populations in Uganda, the\nmost common specific needs categories [2] are\nolder persons at risk (12 percent), disability (10.5\npercent), unaccompanied or separated child\n(10.3 percent), those with serious medical\nconditions (8.6 percent), and single parents (6.5\npercent) (Figure 1).\n\n\n\n_**Figure 1: Incidence of specific needs. Categories**_\n_**(Percent of Total Households with Persons with Specific Needs)**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Main Findings**\n\n**Households with at least one member who is**\n**a person with specific needs spent less on**\n**food, non-food and overall expenditure than**\n**households** **without** **these** **individuals**\n**(Figure 2).** Consumption and expenditure are\nthe most widely used methods of measuring\npoverty and vulnerability and are used by the\n\n\n\nUganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) in its\nnational statistics. In the following sections,\nhouseholds with at least one member having\nspecific needs are labelled \u201cPSN households\u201d,\nwhile households without are named \u201cNon-PSN\nhouseholds\u201d. All indicators are expressed in\nmonthly expenditure per capita, meaning the\naverage monthly expenditure per household\nmember. [3]\n\n\n\n2 Persons with specific needs vary by refugee population in Uganda. The full list includes: unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, children at risk, children in foster care, child heads of household, single women at risk, women at risk, women\nwith difficult pregnancy, lactating mothers, older people, chronic illness, critical medical conditions, physical or medical\ndisability, impairment (speech, visual, or hearing), torture, single parent, or family unity.\n3 It was not possible to do adult age equivalent due to data limitations.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability and Essential Needs\nAssessment survey", - "confidence": 0.9943978786468506, - "start": 25, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "cross-sectional household\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9262779355049133, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8992839455604553, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9108914732933044, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9704951643943787, - "start": 38, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national statistics", - "confidence": 0.9841264486312866, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "average monthly expenditure per household\nmember", - "confidence": 0.6178426742553711, - "start": 360, - "end": 366 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9622194766998291, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8783069849014282, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Figure 2: Expenditure per capita, household with and without PSNs**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Food expenditure.**_ Households without PSNs\nspent on average 30 percent more than those\nwith PSNs on food (p>0.01). The mean monthly\nhousehold food expenditure per capita was\n5,794 Ugandan Shillings or approximately 1.57\nUSD for Non-PSN households, while\nhouseholds with PSNs spent 4,442 Ugandan\nShillings on average, or approximately 1.20\nUSD.\n\n\n_**Non-food**_ _**expenditure.**_ On average,\nhouseholds without PSNs spent 21 percent\nmore than households with PSNs on non-food\nexpenditure (3,576 Ugandan Shillings or 0.97\nUSD vs 2,946 Ugandan Shillings or 0.80 USD).\n\n\n_**Overall expenditure**_ **.** After combining food,\nnon-food expenditure, own consumption as well\nas savings, households without PSNs spent 27\npercent more than non-PSN households (8,706\nUgandan Shillings or 2.36 USD per capita versus\n6,820 Ugandan Shillings or 1.85 USD per capita\n(p>0.01)).\n\n\n**Refugee single parent households face**\n**greater economic vulnerability.** A number of\nauthors have recognized that single-parent\nfamilies are more likely to experience poverty or\nvulnerability (Lu et al. 2020; Huang 2000) across\ncountries in the world. The vulnerability and\nassessment survey data similarly suggest that\n\n\n\nrefugee single-parent households are spending\nless on food, non-food, and overall expenditure\nthan households with two parents. Indeed, they\nspent 37 percent less on food, 41 percent less\non non-food expenditure, and 45 percent less in\noverall expenditure.\n\n\n**Refugee households with members facing**\n**health** **issues** **are** **more** **economically**\n**vulnerable.** Health problems involve direct\nexpenditures that include medical costs like\nhospitalization and outpatient treatment, drugs\nand medical supplies. They also involve indirect\ncosts including the inability to work, the loss of\nproductive labour time and earnings of patients\nas well as caregivers. A health shock is the most\ncommon shock to individuals that affects\nhousehold welfare and vulnerability, and is the\nmost important reason for descent of\nhouseholds into poverty in developing countries\n(Krishna 2007; Dhanaraj 2014).\n\n\nThe survey data indicates that refugee\nhouseholds with members with health-related\nissues (or specific needs related to health) are\nmore economically vulnerable than others in\nUganda. Indeed, they spent 26 percent less on\nfood and 24 percent less overall relative to those\nhouseholds without members with health-related\nissues.\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSNs", - "confidence": 0.8598873615264893, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Households", - "confidence": 0.8763776421546936, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability and\nassessment survey data", - "confidence": 0.9935287833213806, - "start": 273, - "end": 278 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6962295770645142, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee single parent households", - "confidence": 0.9482324123382568, - "start": 224, - "end": 228 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.9985287189483643, - "start": 453, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7224271893501282, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9919885993003845, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9925381541252136, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Also, more economically vulnerable are**\n**households with members who have an**\n**impairment.** Households with individuals with\neither hearing, visual, or speech impairments\nspent 45 percent less on food, 27 percent less\non non-food items, and 41 percent less on\noverall expenditure. For students, these\nimpairments may have significant impact on\neducational progress. They can also prevent\nworking age individuals from entering the labour\nmarket and/or earning the same wages as those\nwithout these disabilities. Evidence in\ndeveloping countries suggests that\nsocioeconomic vulnerability and disability\nprevalence are positively correlated (Filmer\n2008; Yeo and Moore 2003; Elwan 1999).\n\n\n**Households that have children who are**\n**unaccompanied or separated from them are**\n**more economically vulnerable.** Households\nwithout unaccompanied or separated children\nspent 20 percent more than households with on\nfood expenditure (3,494 Ugandan Shillings or\n1.48 USD vs 2,791 Ugandan Shillings or 1.18\nUSD versus). In terms of overall expenditure,\nhouseholds without unaccompanied or\nseparated children spent 88 percent more than\nhouseholds with unaccompanied or separated\nchild (2.24 USD vs. 1.19 USD). All the\ndifferences are statistically significant at 1\npercent level.\n\n\n**There is no evidence that households with**\n**older** **people** **are** **more** **economically**\n**vulnerable.** Literature in developing countries\nfinds that households with older individuals\nconsume less and are more likely to be poor\n\n\n\n(Duflo 2003; A. Deaton and Paxson 1995; A. S.\nDeaton and Paxson 1998).\n\n\nIn a recent meta review on the topic of poverty,\nstudies found evidence of a decline in economic\nopportunity with age and showed that household\nwelfare decreases with age (Barrientos,\nGorman, and Heslop 2003). Given this evidence,\nthe authors of this brief investigated this but\nfound no statistical difference for overall\nconsumption between households with older\npeople and households without.\n\n\n**Why might PSN households be more**\n**economically** **vulnerable?** **Higher**\n**dependency ratio is a possible explanation.**\nThere are different types of specific needs.\nSome include disability and impairments that\ncould prevent or hinder working-age individuals\nfrom working or engaging in income-generating\nactivities. Within households, these individuals\nare economically dependent, and contribute to\nraising the dependency ratio.\n\n\nRecent studies indicate that the number of\nworking household members, as well as the\ndependency ratio, affect household welfare.\nSeveral studies find that households with higher\ndependency ratio experienced lower welfare and\nhigher poverty (Chen and Wang 2015; Biyase\nand Zwane 2018).\n\n\nComparing across dependency ratios, we find\nthat households with PSNs have a higher\ndependency ratio (2.66) than households\nwithout (2.18) (Table 1, and the difference is\nstatistically significant at 1 percent).\n\n\n\n_**Table 1: Dependency Ratio, by households with and without PSNs**_\n\nNon-PSNs PSNs T-test\nMean N Obs. HH size Mean N Obs. HH size Two-sided value\nPSN31 2.18 3146 6.04 2.66 2232 6.82 0.00\n\nChild. At risk 2.36 5232 6.35 2.97 146 7.18 0.00\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied and\nseparated child\n\n\n\n2.30 4845 6.23 3.08 533 7.60 0.00\n\n\n\nWomen at risk 2.35 5162 6.33 2.93 216 7.44 0.00\n\nOlder persons 2.33 4904 6.42 2.81 474 6.05 0.00\n\nSingle Parent 2.31 4973 6.30 3.26 405 7.38 0.00\n\nDisability 2.39 4777 6.29 2.24 601 7.03 0.11\n\n\n\nSerious Medical\nConditions\n\n\n\n2.38 4858 6.25 2.33 520 7.70 0.58\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Child. At risk", - "confidence": 0.6002487540245056, - "start": 619, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Even after controlling for differences across**\n**households** **with** **and** **without** **PSNs,**\n**households** **with** **PSNs** **are** **more**\n**economically vulnerable.** In this section, we\ntest different socioeconomic factors that\ninfluence economic vulnerability using\nregression models. We use overall consumption\nexpenditure per capita to proxy for economic\nvulnerability.\n\n\nLet us assume that the welfare indicator is a\nfunction of household and individual\ncharacteristics ( \ud835\udc99\ud835\udc99\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b ):\n\n\n\n\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23 = \ud835\udec3\ud835\udec3\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23 + \ud835\udec6\ud835\udec6\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23\n\n\nwhere \ud835\udc9a\ud835\udc9a\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is the economic vulnerability indicator\n(overall consumption expenditure per capita per\nmonth), \ud835\udf37\ud835\udf37\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is a vector of parameters, and \ud835\udf3a\ud835\udf3a\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is\nthe idiosyncratic error term.\n\n\nTable 2 presents OLS results of the economic\nvulnerability model. Column (1) presents the\nOLS regression estimates.\n\n\n\n_**Table 2: Estimation results**_\n\n\nOLS regression\n\nHH Has a PSN member -0.07*\n\nHH size -0.23***\n\nHH crowding index -0.08***\n\nFood security index 0.02***\n\nOther control variables\n\nHousing type Yes\n\nSource for cooking and sanitation Yes\n\nAsset and animal ownership Yes\n\nLocation Yes\n\n\n\nThe coefficients explain how much the economic\nvulnerability is expected to increase (if the\ncoefficient is negative than consumption\nexpenditure per capita is lower) or decrease (if\nthe coefficient is positive than consumption\nexpenditure per capita is higher) when that\nvariable increases by one, holding all the other\nindependent variables constant.\n\n\nIn line with previous studies, some variables\nhave the expected effect on economic\nvulnerability. The household size affects the\neconomic vulnerability, with the higher the\nhousehold size the more economically\nvulnerable the household is. Vulnerability is also\nclosely linked to asset ownership where assets\nincluding livestock, phone, motorbike, and\nsewing machine are positively correlated with\nlower economic vulnerability. Indeed, the more\nassets a household has, the less vulnerable they\nare (Oluwatayo and Babalola 2020).The housing\n\n\n\ntype does not so much determine the household\neconomic vulnerability. This is likely due to\nrefugee housing stock being fairly uniform in\nrefugee settlements due to all refugees receiving\ncommon shelter supplies.\n\n\nImportantly, and in line with the above\ndescriptive analysis, the regression results\nconfirm that refugee households with persons\nwith specific needs are more economically\nvulnerable than other refugee households.\n\n\n**Conclusion and Implications**\n\nRefugees with specific needs face heightened\nrisks. UNHCR proactively identifies and supports\nthem with protection or assistance interventions\nto reduce the risk of lasting physical and\npsychological harm. Further, using recent data\nfrom a vulnerability and needs assessment\nsurvey, the authors of this brief found that\nhouseholds with members who have specific\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSNs", - "confidence": 0.5240098834037781, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.959633469581604, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OLS regression", - "confidence": 0.5936870574951172, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability and needs assessment\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.997908353805542, - "start": 501, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9267945289611816, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6201292872428894, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "difficulties.\n\n\nAmong refugee households in Uganda,\nhouseholds with members who have specific\nneeds spent 23 precent less on food related\nitems, 18 percent less on non-food items, and 22\npercent less in overall expenditure. Further,\nsingle-parent households as well as households\nwith members who have health-related problems\nface the highest economic vulnerability among\nrefugee households.\n\n\nOne possible explanation of this heightened\nvulnerability facing persons with specific needs\nand their households is these households have\nfewer working members. Consequently, they\nhave a lower household income.\n\n\nThe economic vulnerability exists even after the\ndistribution of targeted assistance to persons\nwith specific needs and their households.\nWithout targeted assistance, the gap between\nhouseholds with and without persons with\nspecific needs is likely to grow even larger.\n\n\n**Bibliography**\n\n\n\n**protection of persons with specific needs in**\n**line with their vulnerabilities.** Cash and food\nassistance programmes should consider the\nnumber of persons with specific needs in\nhouseholds, particularly if there is disability that\nlimits the ability of working-age persons from\nworking or finding employment. Jobs or\nentrepreneurship programmes could identify\nopportunities suitable for individuals with\nphysical impairment who have the right skillsset.\n\n\n**Investing in human capital and skills for**\n**persons with specific needs will build their**\n**resilience and self-reliance.** Among children\nand adults, persons with specific need will likely\nbenefit from specialized training to be able to\nperform daily tasks or develop the skills to find\nsustainable employment. Investing in these\nindividuals will not only improve their overall\nwellbeing but also improve their ability to support\ntheir livelihoods now or in the future.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This brief was authored by Theresa Beltramo, Jed Fix and Ibrahima Sarr, UNHCR in collaboration with_\n_the UNHCR Uganda team. The opinions expressed herein are the authors\u2019 own. They do not_\n_necessarily represent the views of UNHCR_ .\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a1f9402-c62c-3d9e-9c6e-66cfad7553bc/6012b2fd4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_138/raw/doc_138_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_138/raw/doc_138_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b33cfcf2d1c41311fb041edbe646001eff158bb4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_138/raw/doc_138_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Scope of the problem**\n\nAccording to WHO, around [22% of adults in conflict settings have mental health conditions.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673619309341)\nThis is almost triple to non-conflict settings. There is no generally accepted estimate for\nchildren but it is clear that children who are [refugees, IDPs or who](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60050-0/fulltext) [live in confict settings](https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/living-through-war-mental-health-children-and-youth-conflict-affected-areas)\nhave high levels of mental health issues. This increased prevalence of mental health\nconditions and psychosocial problems of displaced communities is determined by:\n\n\n\u22b2 adverse experiences and losses in the past in their homeplaces, during flight, and in\nrefugee or IDP settings\n\n\n\u22b2 current life conditions such as economic difficulties, daily stressors, a lack of\nsupportive social systems and the adequacy of assistance and protection\n\n\n\u22b2 how people perceive their future: solutions and real prospects to get a better life.\n\n### **UNHCR\u2019s engagement**\n\n\nThe overarching goal is to ensure refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs), stateless\npersons and other persons of concern to UNHCR have access to national services.\nHowever, in low- and middle-income countries that host most refugees and IDPs, services\nfor mental health and psychosocial support are grossly insufficient. In high income countries\nsuch services are often available, but not always accessible for or adapted to the needs\nof displaced persons. Therefore, UNHCR uses a twin track approach: providing essential\nservices for mental health and psychosocial support where needed and strengthening\ncapacity of and access to national systems where feasible.\n\n\nThe COVID pandemic prompted UNHCR to scale up our response and [adjust our modalities](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR Mental Health and Psychological support during COVID-19 - June 2020.pdf)\n[to identify and assist refugees and other persons of concern with mental health and](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR Mental Health and Psychological support during COVID-19 - June 2020.pdf)\n[psychosocial issues. Some mental health services were provided remotely, over telephone](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR Mental Health and Psychological support during COVID-19 - June 2020.pdf)\nor internet, while essential clinical mental health care continued to be delivered safely and\nscaled up where possible. Trainings on basic psychosocial skills were conducted for health\nand protection staff, for partner staff, for community outreach volunteers, for helpline staff\nand for other frontline workers. Since the onset of the pandemic the 43 countries reporting\non MHPSS in the Global Humanitarian Response Plan for COVID-19, recorded over a half\nmillion of people who have been provided with essential mental health and psychosocial\nsupport services.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **MHPSS Approach and MHPSS Interventions**\n\nIntegrating MHPSS in the work of UNHCR is important to reduce emotional distress,\ndecrease suffering due to mental illness, improve the ability to function and cope, and\nstrengthen resilience. Moreover, a strong MHPSS response helps [strengthen protection](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/MHPSS-and-Protection.pdf)\n[outcomes (and the other way round). MHPSS is not a sector but needs to be realized](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/MHPSS-and-Protection.pdf)\nthrough UNHCR\u2019s work within existing sectors. UNHCR\u2019s way of working through crosssectoral collaboration and multi-functional teams is well suited to a coherent and efficient\ndelivery of MHPSS interventions within relevant sectors and to integrate an MHPSSapproach throughout all areas of work.\n\n### **Adopting an MHPSS approach**\n\n\nThis implies providing humanitarian assistance in ways that support the mental health and\npsychosocial well-being of persons of concern. MHPSS is relevant for all humanitarian actors\nand all forms of humanitarian action. This is strongly related to adopting the principles of\ngood humanitarian practice by:\n\n\n\u22b2 strengthening security, and providing basic needs and essential services (food,\nshelter, water, sanitation, basic health care, control of communicable diseases, and\neducation) in manners that protect the dignity of all people, including those who are\nmarginalized or isolated and who may face barriers to accessing services\n\n\n\u22b2 using participatory and community-based approaches in planning, implementing and\nmonitoring programmes\n\n\u22b2 applying an [Age, Gender and Diversity approach to humanitarian assistance](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.html)\n\n\u22b2 using clear and two-way communicating with communities and supporting communityled approaches.\n\n### **Integrating MHPSS interventions**\n\n\nThese are activities with as primary goal to improve the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of persons of concern. Such activities are usually implemented via projects in health,\ncommunity-based protection, GBV, child protection, education including youth programmes,\npeacebuilding programmes, and livelihoods initiatives. MHPSS interventions can consist of:\n\n\n\u22b2 clinical services such as psychological or psychiatric treatment by a mental health\nprofessional\n\n\n\u22b2 focused psychosocial support can also be provided by people who are not specialized\nin MHPSS (including refugees and internally displaced people) and who have been\ntrained and supervised in specific methods (\u2018task shifting\u2019)\n\n\n\u22b2 fostering the capacity of persons, families and communities to support each other and\nto cope more effectively with/in challenging circumstances.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Strengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **An MHPSS approach in the work of UNHCR**\n\nOver the last years, UNHCR has promoted an MHPSS approach by making all staff in UNHCR\naware that our activities, including our own behaviour and attitudes, can impact the wellbeing\nof our persons of concern. Adopting an MHPSS approach is not so much about **what** we do but\nabout **how** we do our work. Examples of using an MHPSS approach are: including mental health\nand psychosocial wellbeing in needs assessments, training in basic psychosocial skills for first\nresponders (including volunteers who are refugees or internally displaced persons), integrating\nMHPSS considerations in case processing in registration resettlement, return and repatriation\nand in sectoral activities for WASH, shelter, nutrition and health.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **MHPSS interventions in UNHCR protection and** **solution strategies**\n\nMHPSS is an integral part of the UNHCR protection and solutions strategies. MHPSS\ninterventions can be integrated within services for health, protection and education, or\nimplemented through stand-alone programmes through dedicated MHPSS partners, with\nstrong linkages to the other sectoral areas. MHPSS has relevance for many and may easily\nbecome invisible or implemented with limited technical coherence. An important way to\npromote inclusion of MHPSS within various aspects of UNHCR work is through:\n\n\n\u22b2 including staff with MHPSS expertise in relevant multifunctional teams\n\n\n\u22b2 including MHPSS within multi sectoral needs assessments and in Refugee Response\nPlans and Humanitarian Response Plans\n\n\n\u22b2 ensuring MHPSS is a standing agenda item in sectoral coordination meetings for\npublic health, protection and education\n\n\n\u22b2 integrating MHPSS as a component in health, protection and education programmes\nor services.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Achievements around MHPSS in Public Health and** **Nutrition**\n\nMental health is an intrinsic part of primary and secondary health care. Among patients visiting\ngeneral health care, many have mental health conditions that often are not identified but can\nbe managed if staff are well trained. In the last five years, UNHCR has made major steps in:\n\n\n1. **Inclusion of MHPSS in regular health programming**\n\n\nIn 34 countries, UNHCR supports the implementation of mental health activities as a part of\nthe public health programming for refugees. The most common components were routine\nsupply of essential medication for mental disorders (in 85% of those countries), followed by\nthe availability of a mental health professional in the refugee setting (at least once per month)\nto manage people with complex mental health conditions in 74% of the countries. In 71% of\nthe countries at least one general health staff per UNHCR supported health facility had been\ntrained in the identification and management of mental disorders. The least often reported\nactivities were the training of community health workers to do follow-up for people with severe\nmental health conditions (62% of the countries), the facilitation of support groups/self-help\ngroups for refugees with mental health conditions (56% of countries)) and the provision of\nevidence-based brief psychological therapies in 18 countries (53% of countries).\n\n\n2. **Improve the quality of clinical approaches**\n\n\nIn 2019, a total of 161,137 consultations for mental, neurological and substance use issues\nwere done in refugee health facilities in refugee camps, which is 2.2% of the total number of\nhealth consultations. The psychotropic medication in the UNHCR essential medicine list is\nregularly updated and currently contains 12 medicines. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis\nand subsequent treatment, UNHCR updated the [mental health categories in the integrated](https://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=17;issue=1;spage=13;epage=22;aulast=Ventevogel)\nRefugee Health Information System.\n\n\n3. **Including MHPSS in nutrition programming**\n\n\nFor their optimal growth and development, children require not only adequate nutrition but\nalso physical and emotional stimulation. This is especially important in the first years when a\nchild is developing rapidly and requires appropriate care. Inclusion of MHPSS in the support to\nchildren with nutritional problems and their mothers is therefore essential. UNHCR-supported\nnutrition programmes include the provision of counselling support to caregivers through the\n[Infant and Young Child Feeding programmes, infant friendly spaces at facility and community](https://www.unhcr.org/5c0643d74.pdf)\nlevel - where caregivers can access individual, peer or group counselling about how best\nsupport their children with physical stimulation, emotional support and through appropriate\nfeeding practices. Stabilisation centres (for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition with\ncomplications) often have infant-friendly stimulative environments.\n\n\n4. **Capacity building of staff**\n\n\nUNHCR envisions that all health facilities providing basic health services to refugees have\nstaff who can identify and managed mental health conditions. To facilitate this, since 2016,\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR essential medicine list", - "confidence": 0.6741645336151123, - "start": 322, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9406616687774658, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.5350160598754883, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR trained over 1000 primary health care staff in 14 operations in Africa through [mental](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30202535/)\n[health trainings, using](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30202535/) [clinical tools for mental health service delivery developed by WHO](https://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/mhgap_hig/en/)\nand UNHCR. Over the last five years, 45 UNHCR staff from all regions have participated in\nthe [Mental Health in Complex Emergencies course, organized with Fordham University. In](https://issuu.com/iiha/docs/mhce_16_syllabus)\n2020, UNHCR DRS provided technical support in emerging priority areas such as suicidal\nbehaviour in refugees and asylum seekers through a series of six global webinars.\n\n\n5. **Capacity building with communities**\n\n\nSince 2018, UNHCR introduced \u2018scalable psychological interventions\u2019: structured forms of\npsychological counselling, that are brief (5-8 sessions), adapted to the refugee situation and\ncan be delivered by people who are not specialized in mental health, including community\nmembers. The initial training can often be brief (1-2 weeks) if it is strongly competency-oriented\nand is followed by a system of supportive clinical supervision by a mental health professional.\n\n\nSince 2019, training, supervision and research around such interventions were done in\nseveral settings:\n\n\n\u22b2 [Interpersonal Therapy for Depression in Bangladesh, Peru and Tanzania](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/group-interpersonal-therapy-for-depression)\n\n\u22b2 [Problem Management Plus in Greece, Jordan and Iraq](https://www.who.int/mental_health/emergencies/problem_management_plus/en/)\n\n\u22b2 [Integrated Adapt Therapy in Malaysia and Bangladesh](https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003073)\n\n\u22b2 [Community-based Sociotherapy in Uganda and Rwanda](https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/institute-of-life-and-human-sciences/schools-and-departments/department-of-psychological-sciences/research/costar/)\n\n\u22b2 [Self Help Plus in Uganda](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(19)30504-2/fulltext\r)\n\n\nMore info on the [MHPSS page on the UNHCR website.](https://www.unhcr.org/mental-health-psychosocial-support)\n\n\nIntegrated mental health and psychosocial support in Rohingya refugee camps\n\n\nThe MHPSS team of UNHCR Bangladesh in the Rohingya refugee camps supports the\npartners in health and protection to integrate MHPSS into their work. They trained 43\nnational psychologists who subsequently trained over 500 [community psychosocial](https://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=17;issue=2;spage=296;epage=300;aulast=Uddin)\n[volunteers, para- counsellors and community health workers in the promotion of healthy](https://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=17;issue=2;spage=296;epage=300;aulast=Uddin)\ncoping and maintaining psychosocial wellbeing.\n\n\nThe community based psychosocial group activities had a total of 238,074 attendees in\n2020. In the health centres, clinical mental health conditions are identified and managed\nby 57 general health staff who have been [trained in mental health with regular supervision](https://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=17;issue=2;spage=130;epage=139;aulast=Tarannum)\nby a psychiatrist. This led to an increase in the number of psychiatric consultations in\nUNHCR- supported primary health care facilities from 2,865 in 2018, to 5,115 in 2019\nand 7,734 in 2020. Even with the access restrictions related to COVID-19, UNHCR and\npartners maintained essential mental health services and even increased the number\nof people served. Scalable psychological interventions were adapted to the Rohingya\ncontext and gradually introduced, such as [Integrated Adapt Therapy (25 psychologists](https://www.interventionjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1571-8883;year=2019;volume=17;issue=2;spage=149;epage=159;aulast=Mahmuda)\nand social workers trained and supervised) and [Interpersonal Therapy for Depression (23](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/group-interpersonal-therapy-for-depression)\npsychologists trained and supervised). In 2020, the psychologists and para-counsellors did\n10,095 individual psychotherapy sessions.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Achievements around MHPSS in Protection**\n\nProtection concerns can cause or aggravate MHPSS conditions while these in turn can\ncause or aggravate protection concerns. Addressing the mental health and psychosocial\nneeds [contributes to protection through strengthening the agency of people to effectively](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/MHPSS-and-Protection.pdf)\naddress their protection issues. UNHCR encourages protection partners, including\ngovernments, to incorporate MHPSS approaches and to use MHPSS interventions,\nparticularly in delivering community-based protection; child protection; and prevention, risk\nmitigation and response to gender-based violence.\n\n\n1. **In Community-Based Protection (CBP)**\n\nThe goals of community-based protection (CBP) are [strongly related to MHPSS, particularly](https://www.refworld.org/docid/593ab6add.html)\nwhen it comes to strengthening family and community support. Most communities\nalready employ protection measures to support their wellbeing and to support vulnerable\nmembers, but certain coping strategies may harm or disadvantage the wellbeing of some.\nTo encourage CBP staff to engage with MHPSS, the CBP learning programmes integrate\nMHPSS in the curriculum. Many partners already integrate MHPSS in the work of community\noutreach volunteers, for example in urban settings in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq as well as in camp\nsettings e.g. in Bangladesh and Chad.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Community-driven safe spaces where communities can meet, can foster social](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/573d5bc64.pdf)\nconnectedness and mutual support. Such approaches must ensure that disadvantaged\ngroups (older people, persons with disabilities, GBV survivors, women and girls at risk,\nunaccompanied and separated children, minorities, LGBTIQ+ people) are consulted and can\nfully participate. Apart from medical support, people with chronic or severe mental health\nconditions need support and practical care within their communities.\n\n\nCommunity care for people with severe mental health conditions in Kenya\n\n\nIn Kakuma, Kenya, UNHCR and partners started a programme for community-based care\narrangements for unaccompanied adults living with severe forms of disability and mental\nhealth conditions. Aim is to ensure they are adequately protected, assisted, and can live\na dignified life. Persons who have stayed for long periods in reception centres due to\nmultiple barriers they faced, were hosted by families who received support through NGOs.\nCommunity-support was mobilized via a buddy system (neighbours, friends, youth leaders,\nand community leaders). Read more [here.](https://svri.org/sites/default/files/attachments/2020-11-05/Protection%20across%20sectors%20EHA%20GLR.pdf)\n\n\nIntegrating MHPSS in community centres and outreach network in Syria\n\n\nIn Syria, UNHCR has a long tradition of providing mental health and psychosocial support\nthrough community-based networks, which started when the country hosted hundreds of\nthousands of Iraqi refugees. UNHCR\u2019s [pioneering approach centred around](https://www.interventionjournal.com/content/takamol-multi-professional-capacity-building-order-strengthen-psychosocial-and-mental-health) [community](https://www.interventionjournal.com/content/healing-through-sharing-outreach-project-iraqi-refugee-volunteers-syria)\n[outreach volunteers. They were trained and supervised in identifying persons in need of](https://www.interventionjournal.com/content/healing-through-sharing-outreach-project-iraqi-refugee-volunteers-syria)\nMHPSS support, safely referring them for appropriate services and providing necessary\nfollow-up including through home visits. This approach remained one of the cornerstones\nof UNHCR\u2019s work in Syria and has eventually expanded to the IDPs and host communities.\nCurrently, UNHCR supports 130 Community and Satellites Centres all over the country and a\nsystem of around 3,000 volunteers, among which 700 are specialized psychosocial support\nand have been trained in basic psychosocial skills and psychological first aid.\n\n\nThe Community Centres are the nucleus of a spectrum of protection services to persons\nwith specific needs, such as case management, awareness raising and recreational\nactivities, and individual and group counselling. In the first half of 2020, 2,896 IDPs, refugees\nand returnees were provided with MHPSS case management and 52,616 took part in social/\nrecreational activities.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. **In Child Protection**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s child protection programmes aim to protect children from harm and to foster the\nemotional and social wellbeing of children. Many activities within [child protection contribute](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe875682.html)\nto MHPSS outcomes and child protection programmes often include specific psychosocial\nsupport components. Examples of integrated MHPSS within child protection work include\nstructured recreational activities led by community actors, focused programmes for\nadolescents such as peer-to-peer programmes, MHPSS elements within case management\nfor children with protection concerns, parenting programmes that provide guidance\nand support to caregivers on self-care and supporting children, and communication and\nbehaviour change initiatives on children\u2019s protection and wellbeing. Wherever possible,\nUNHCR supports children at risk and separated and unaccompanied children, access to\npsychosocial support services (including individual, family and group-based interventions),\nthrough referral to existing services and/or support to the provision of such services.\nThroughout the COVID-19 crisis, UNHCR and partners have invested in providing information\non emotions and behaviour of children in distress and how to help children to develop\nresilience in the face of adversity. Such information was distributed to children and youth\nand to parents and caregivers. Training on MHPSS, including psychological first aid and\nself-care, is integrated into training programmes for child protection staff, including frontline case managers and global training programmes including UNHCR\u2019s Global Basic Child\nProtection Package currently being finalised.\n\n\nChild protection programmes have long integrated psychosocial support components,\nand the evidence base underpinning MHPSS interventions is robust. [1] However, the quality\nand scale of the psychosocial support element of child protection programmes varies\nconsiderably, and limited availability of specialised mental health services for child protection\nactors to refer children to remain a major concern.\n\n\nEthiopia \u2013psychosocial support integrated within child protection\n\n\nIn the South Sudanese refugee camps in Gambella, children face many protection risks\nincluding separation from families, abandonment and neglect, child abuse, child marriage\nand child labour. UNHCR and partners make efforts to provide psychosocial support\ninterventions for children at risk and their caregivers. Despite the limited capacities and the\nlack of facilities, psychosocial approaches were used within the 35 child friendly spaces. For\nexample, 157 frontline child protection staff, refugee volunteers and members of communitybased structures participated in MHPSS trainings and mentoring sessions, while more\nthan 7,000 children and adolescents received community based MHPSS as part of child\nprotection programmes. As part of parenting support, more than 200 foster parents received\ntraining on positive parenting and basic psychosocial support.\n\n\n1 For example, in a recent [Rapid Evidence Assessment for Children on the Move psychosocial interventions, the vast](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/5fbd213c4.pdf)\nmajority of interventions with MHPSS components (37 out of 45) reported positive changes, seven no change, and one\na deterioration in aspects of children\u2019s psychosocial wellbeing.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Evidence Assessment for Children on the Move", - "confidence": 0.5850480198860168, - "start": 472, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6234074234962463, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "foster parents", - "confidence": 0.9510094523429871, - "start": 452, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thailand \u2013 a youth-led initiative around substance use\n\n\nBetween 2014 and 2019, UNHCR\u2019s Youth Initiative Fund supported small projects led by youth\nwho were returnees, internally displaced persons, refugees, asylum seekers, and host-country\nyouth. Some of those focused on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. For example, in\nMae Ra Ma Luang, Thailand, a community-based organization of 48 youth developed activities\nto promote psychosocial support among refugee youth and to raise awareness about the\nimpact of drug and alcohol consumption amongst adolescents and youth.\n\n\n3. **In GBV**\n\nThe wellbeing of survivors stands at the heart of [holistic, survivor-centred approaches.](https://www.unfpa.org/minimum-standards)\nSurvivors of GBV often suffer from long-term psychological and social effects due to the\nsilence and stigma surrounding GBV, the fear for retaliation, feeling of shame and the lack\nof support by family and community. Psychosocial support is a critical emergency and longterm intervention, focusing on healing, empowerment and recovery. UNHCR\u2019s new [Policy on](https://www.unhcr.org/5fa018914/unhcr-policy-prevention-risk-mitigation-response-gender-based-violence)\n[the Prevention of, Risk Mitigation and Response to Gender-based Violence includes as one](https://www.unhcr.org/5fa018914/unhcr-policy-prevention-risk-mitigation-response-gender-based-violence)\nof the core actions that minimum multi-sectoral response services to address GBV survivors\u2019\nimmediate needs and concerns, must include mental health and psychosocial support in line\nwith a survivor-centred approach. Follow-up services, provided within appropriate, quality case\nmanagement, ensure coordinated support and care for survivors including those affected by\nsymptoms of mental health conditions such as depression and stress related disorders.\n\n\nUNHCR also explicitly asks partners to incorporate psychological first aid into the training\npackage for potential first responders to GBV survivors and to ensure safe disclosure and\nreferrals to safe, appropriate, quality services.\n\n\nProviding psychological support to GBV survivors in Colombia\n\n\nIn Colombia, the UNHCR-supported Regional Safe Space Network (RSSN) engages\npsychologists, social work professionals and health staff personnel to respond to survivors\nof gender-based violence. During the COVID-19 emergency the provision of emotional\nsupport, crisis intervention and case management continued, partially carried out by mobile\nphone continuing in-person support where possible.\n\n\nPsychological first aid and GBV for cultural mediators\n\n\nIn Italy, UNHCR provided training in Psychological First Aid and GBV, including guiding\nprinciples and survivor-centred approach, safe disclosure and referral, to Cultural Mediators\nwho were at the frontline when displaced persons disembarked after being rescued when\nattempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea. Many of the women and girls, who arrived were\nsurvivors of GBV and/or victims of trafficking. The Cultural Mediators were also offered\npsychosocial support at both a group and individual level.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Achievements around MHPSS in Education**\n\n[UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Education Strategy strives to integrate refugee children and youth into](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html)\nnational education systems. In order to enable refugee children to concentrate, learn and\ndevelop healthy relationships, UNHCR encourages education partners to include social\nand emotional learning (SEL) into the training of teachers; practices to identify learners in\nneed of focused mental health and psychosocial support; strengthening life skills training\namong children and youth and in making arrangements to include children and youth\nwith intellectual disabilities or mental health conditions. UNHCR also strives to pilot new\n[approaches to integrating MHPSS into education. For example, under the Humanitarian](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fhea-learning-series%2Fannouncement-of-hea-covid-19-challenge-finalists-f74f9c699931&data=04%7C01%7Cventevog%40unhcr.org%7C8494e73c97bd4c9a11c808d8a068c643%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637435719483856034%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=t9fCWuval8BbcqTs%2FdSInFebs1k57lhfu%2F5mPTWoktA%3D&reserved=0)\n[Education Accelerator\u2019s Amplify Challenge for COVID-19, UNHCR supported a project](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fhea-learning-series%2Fannouncement-of-hea-covid-19-challenge-finalists-f74f9c699931&data=04%7C01%7Cventevog%40unhcr.org%7C8494e73c97bd4c9a11c808d8a068c643%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637435719483856034%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=t9fCWuval8BbcqTs%2FdSInFebs1k57lhfu%2F5mPTWoktA%3D&reserved=0)\ncalled \u2018Colors of Kindness\u2019. This is a podcast that seeks to bridge the learning gap and\nprovide psychosocial support to children and their families during and after the COVID-19\npandemic, through social and emotional learning (SEL) approaches. The app will be further\nimproved upon and a new version run on $11 feature phones to reach the widest possible\n[audiences. UNHCR has also included a specific checklist on MHPSS in the Back to School](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/5fdb7e724/covid-19-refugees-return-schooling-guidelines-2020-pdf.html)\n[COVID guidance.](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/5fdb7e724/covid-19-refugees-return-schooling-guidelines-2020-pdf.html)\n\n\nPsychosocial approaches in refugee education in Mali\n\n\nIn Mali, UNHCR has focused on embedding MHPSS throughout their education approach.\nThis includes delivering bespoke capacity building with teachers and educators both\nthrough training on addressing stress and trauma through MHPSS interventions, as well\nas building their ability to create warm, friendly and inclusive learning environments.\nWith the community, UNHCR Mali engages with messaging to build an understanding of\nthe importance of safe learning spaces, where students can be protected; and joining\nup community and teacher\u2019s engagement to provide relevant and inspiring role models.\nFinally, at a policy level, embedding MHPSS into education is seen as a crucial route for the\npromotion and preservation of a peaceful nation which is able to heal and foster a cohesive\nand participatory citizenship.\n\n\nRemote Learning and Psychosocial Support for Refugee Children in Kyrgyzstan\n\n\nCOVID-19 has had a serious negative impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of refugee\nand asylum-seeking children children in Kyrgyzstan. UNHCR was concerned about mounting\npsychosocial distress and increased risks for violence against children at home. In response,\nUNHCR initiated during the lockdown a series of online sessions for the children provided\nby refugee volunteers, supervised by psychologists and social workers from partner\norganizations. The sessions included tutoring, online social and recreational activities and\nprovided an entry point to monitor the wellbeing of children and their families and follow up\non identified issues.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Working in partnership with governments**\n\nUNHCR advocates for all refugees and other persons of concern to have access (by law and in\npractice) to national mental health services. These services are often weak in refugee hosting\ncountries and, where possible, UNHCR supports national governments in strengthening such\nservices and making them accessible to refugees and appropriate to their needs.\n\n\nGovernments in refugee hosting countries are increasingly aware of the need to strengthen\nthe national systems for MHPSS. The significant expertise that UNHCR and partners have\nbuilt in refugee settings provides UNHCR important leverage.\n\n\nSupporting the government of Niger in MHPSS response to COVID\n\n\nUNHCR Niger, due to its extensive experience with MHPSS for refugees, was invited\nto assist the government in the MHPSS planning in the COVID-19 response and was\ninstrumental in providing technical input to the MHPSS planning which the Word Bank\nagreed to support financially. UNHCR assisted the national government in a technical area\nthat is traditionally weak and ensured seamless integration of refugees, asylum seekers and\ninternally displaced persons in the national response.\n\n\nCapacity building of government staff in Iraq\n\n\nIn Dohuk Governorate in Iraq, UNHCR handed over the NGO-implemented MHPSS programme\nto the Directorate of Health. The move created synergies for integrated MHPSS interventions\nby increasing DoH capacity through UNHCR funded training and support. It also improved\nunderstanding of governmental social workers, psychologists and nurses about refugee issues.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **UNHCR directions and key priorities for 2021**\n\nMHPSS for refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced, stateless and other vulnerable\npopulations is critical for our programming. In 2021, UNHCR will focus on reducing the\nburden of mental health conditions, on psychosocial distress, and on mitigating the\nassociated protection risks for individuals, families and communities by using participative,\ncommunity-based and AGD inclusive responses. Whenever possible, UNHCR will work\nthrough existing national systems under the leadership of the host governments and\nadvocate for equal and equitable access to national services. UNHCR will support MHPSS\ntechnical working groups with government, NGO partners and other UN agencies to improve\nthe quality of the response. Furthermore, collaborative approaches with other UN agencies\nwill be explored when they are scaling up their MHPSS footprint.\n\n\n1. **UNHCR will use an MHPSS approach**\n\n\nUNHCR will ensure that personnel and partners will address the emotional and\npsychological needs of refugees, internally displaced, asylum-seekers and stateless persons\nin its protection and operational delivery.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Include mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in participatory assessments and\nmulti sectoral needs assessments. See the [Toolkit for assessing mental health and](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/509bb3229/assessing-mental-health-psychosocial-needs-resources.html)\n[psychosocial needs and resources.](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/509bb3229/assessing-mental-health-psychosocial-needs-resources.html)\n\n\u22b2 Include MHPSS needs in Refugee Response Plans and Humanitarian Response Plans.\n\n\n\u22b2 Strengthen the skills of first line responders in various sectors, including community\noutreach volunteers or community health workers, in identifying, safely referring, and\nassisting people in emotional distress or demonstrating challenging behaviour. This\ncan be done through workshops of \u00bd - 1 day (followed by regular supervision) on\n[Basic Psychosocial Skills for COVID responders or](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidance-basic) [Psychological First Aid.](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548205)\n\n\u22b2 Work towards systematically integrating MHPSS in global training programmes for\npersonnel working directly with persons of concern, by preparing and rolling out\ne-learning modules on MHPSS with the Global Learning and Development Centre.\n\n\n\u22b2 Strengthen the capacity of staff in Refugee Status Determination and Resettlement to\nwork with applicants with mental health conditions, using the new chapter in the [RSD](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f3115564.html)\n[Procedural Standards.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f3115564.html)\n\n\u22b2 Ensure that the needs of people with chronic or complex mental health issues or with\npsychosocial disabilities are considered in the registration process, with referral to\navailable services.\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure that the specific needs of persons with chronic or complex mental health\nissues are considered in its operational delivery, including for housing, access to\nservices and cash assistance programmes.\n\n\n\u22b2 Include guidance on MHPSS indicators in the Result Based Management good\npractice indicators.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS indicators", - "confidence": 0.8726933002471924, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8026313185691833, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. **UNHCR will support that mental health services are made available for refugees and**\n**other persons of concern**\n\n\nIn UNHCR-supported primary health facilities, mental health should be a component of the\nservice provision. This can be promoted by 1) providing routine training and supervision of\ngeneral health workers (nurses, doctors) using the [mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide;](https://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/mhgap_hig/en/)\n2) ensuring routine supply of essential medication for mental disorders; 3) making mental\nhealth professionals available to manage refugees with complex conditions and to provide\nclinical supervision to the general health workers; 4) training community health workers in\nidentification and follow up of people with severe or complex mental health conditions and\n5) fostering strong linkages between the public health and community-based protection\nprogrammes that UNHCR supports. This often requires the health partners to engage a\nmental health specialist (psychiatric nurse, psychiatric clinical officer or psychiatrist) to\nsupport general health services, but can also be done through dedicated MHPSS partner.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Routinely integrate mental health in UNHCR supported public health programmes.\n\n\n\u22b2 Support and strengthen the capacity of health workers to identify and manage mental\nhealth conditions.\n\n\n\u22b2 Monitor the mental health conditions in its refugee health information system.\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure that community health workers, often refugees receive training on MHPSS.\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure that in UNHCR-supported public health programmes with more than 25,000\nrefugees, a mental health specialist supports the treatment of people with severe and\ncomplex mental health conditions.\n\n\n\u22b2 Include psychotropics in orders for UNHCR country operations with direct medicine\nprocurement.\n\n\u22b2 Include MHPSS in the training for medical staff involved in [clinical management of](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331535/9789240001411-eng.pdf?ua=1)\n[rape and intimate partner violence survivors.](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331535/9789240001411-eng.pdf?ua=1)\n\n\u22b2 Advocate for access of refugees and other persons of concern to national services for\nmental health and substance use disorders where these exist and are of sufficient quality.\n\n\n3. **UNHCR will intensify its support children with malnutrition and their mothers**\n\n\nThe impact of malnutrition can be lifelong. During emergencies with food shortages,\ncaregivers may not be available or may not be able to support their children due to their own\nphysical and mental health strains. This affects the child and risks creating a vicious cycle.\nIntegration of psychosocial support to children and caregivers in the provision of nutrition\nservices is thus key.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Promote healthy child/caregiver interactions by working with caregivers on responsive\nparenting to facilitate children\u2019s emotional, social and physical development.\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure that nutrition response spaces include actions to foster the social and cognitive\ndevelopment of children.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. **UNHCR will encourage the use of brief psychological interventions**\n\n\nSelected partner staff (social workers, psychologists, nurses, case managers) and refugee\nvolunteers within health facilities or in community centres will be trained in scalable psychological\ninterventions such as [Problem Management Plus or](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548205) [Interpersonal Therapy for Depression.](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/group-interpersonal-therapy-for-depression)\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Introduce scalable psychological interventions have in at least three additional\nUNHCR operations compared to 2020.\n\n\n5. **UNHCR will introduce measures for suicide prevention in settings where this is a concern**\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated socio-economic problems and psychosocial stresses\nhave fuelled feelings of hopelessness and despair among refugees and other persons of\nconcern. Preventing and addressing suicidal behaviour requires a coordinated intersectoral\nresponse with attention for data collection, preventative activities, early identification and\nnon-stigmatizing referral pathways, training of clinical staff. The urgency of the issues that\nemerged during the COVID-19 pandemic provide an impetus for action in 2021.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Develop multi sectoral suicide prevention plans in three operations, where this is a concern.\n\n\n6. **UNHCR will facilitate community-based psychosocial support with communities**\n\n\nCommunity-led initiatives such as community centres, community-led organisations,\noutreach volunteer networks and self-help groups have a critical role in fostering social\nconnectedness and community support for refugees and other persons of concern. This\ncan help preventing and addressing mental health and psychosocial problems. To maximize\nthe role of such interventions, strong cooperation between teams for community-based\nprotection and MHPSS professionals is important. MHPSS should be a standard part of\ntraining in community-based protection programmes for UNHCR and partner staff and for\nvolunteers. Safe spaces can be used as entry points for MHPSS services. Within activities\nfor Communicating with Communities, messages around psychosocial issues and ways to\naddress them should be included.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Train and supervise community structures (outreach volunteers, community\ncommittees, volunteers in community centres) in basic psychosocial skills and\nidentification and referral.\n\n\n7. **UNHCR will promote the psychosocial wellbeing of survivors of gender-based violence**\n\n\nA central part of our GBV approach is to ensure quality case management for GBV\nsurvivors based on a survivor-centred approach and GBV guiding principles. In addition to\nthe provision of quality MHPSS services to survivors based on their needs and informed\nconsent, MHPSS aspects should be integrated throughout the case management cycle.\nSkills training for delivering scalable psychological interventions should be considered in\nthe training for case managers/ case workers including training GBV case managers/ case\nworkers on suicide risk assessment.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is also important to strengthen supportive community contexts for GBV survivors, e.g.\nthrough safe spaces for women and girls that provide social and emotional support, and\nthrough life skills training to cope with adversity. MHPSS frontline workers must be trained\non GBV guiding principles, survivor-centred approach and safe disclosures and referrals.\nSpecialized MHPSS services for GBV survivors at risk of self-harm must be strengthened.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure quality and appropriate GBV multi-sectoral response services include MHPSS\nfocusing on the wellbeing, empowerment and recovery of survivors.\n\n\n\u22b2 Build the capacity of GBV case managers and GBV case workers in basic psychosocial\nskills and in suicide assessment.\n\n\n\u22b2 Ensure effective referral pathways for safe access of GBV survivors to contextappropriate mental health and psychological services adapted to their ages and needs.\n\n\n8. **UNHCR will attend to the psychosocial needs of children at risk**\n\n\nThe provision of psychosocial support is an integral part of child protection, but\nunderfunding and uneven staff capacity limits the ability to integrate quality psychosocial\nsupport interventions. More attention is needed for structured support for parents, and for\nadolescents, especially adolescent girls and for youth.\n\n\nChildren should be supported through recreational activities, peer-to-peer support and life\nskills. Providing appropriate information to parents, caregivers and teachers on the emotions\nand behaviour of children and adolescents in distress and how to help them to recover from\nadversity and supporting community-led initiatives to identify, share and scale up solutions to\nsupport children\u2019s wellbeing.\n\n\nFor children at risk, the provision of Best Interests Procedures is of central importance.\nMHPSS staff should be trained on child protection principles and procedures, including safe\nidentification and referral of child protection cases and the Best Interests Principle.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Routinely integrate psychosocial support within child protection programming.\n\n\n\u22b2 Include MHPSS messages in communication initiatives with children, parents and/\nor communities.\n\n\n9. **UNHCR will promote the social emotional learning of refugee children**\n\n\nEducation partners can support educators to promote the skills and abilities that help\nchildren and young people interact and learn, by integrating [social and emotional learning](https://inee.org/resources/inee-pss-sel-training-module)\ninto education interventions which support refugee learners in formal and non-formal\neducational environments. This requires training of teachers or the development of teaching\nand learning materials.\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Introduce social and emotional learning in education approaches in at least three countries.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10. **UNHCR will strengthen coordination and operational MHPSS capacity in refugee**\n**emergencies**\n\n\nMHPSS should figure as a standing agenda item in sectoral coordination meetings for health,\nprotection and education, where feasible accompanied by a multisectoral MHPSS technical\nworking group. In new emergencies, it is important to integrate mental health and psychosocial\nsupport within the humanitarian response, through internal support missions or requesting\nexternal [surge capacity for MHPSS for intersectoral coordination and capacity building.](https://www.drrteam-dsswater.nl/mhpss/)\n\n\nStrengthening technical competencies of UNHCR staff and partner personnel will continue\nthrough ongoing partnerships with academic institutions, around scalable psychological\ninterventions and emerging areas such as suicide prevention and substance use in\nemergencies and through the online course [Mental Health in Complex Emergencies.](https://issuu.com/iiha/docs/mhce_16_syllabus)\n\n\n**UNHCR commits to:**\n\n\n\u22b2 Deploy Dedicated MHPSS support in new refugee emergencies.\n\n\n\u22b2 Facilitate MHPSS coordination in all L2 and L3 refugee emergencies.\n\n\n\u22b2 Facilitate at least 40 staff to follow the online course Mental Health in Complex\nEmergencies.\n\n\nStrengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Strengthening Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in 2021 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MORE INFORMATION**\n\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/mental-health-psychosocial-support](https://www.unhcr.org/mental-health-psychosocial-support)\n\n\nUNHCR Public Health Section,\n\n\nDivision of Resilience and Solutions,\n\n\nUNHCR Geneva, hqphn@unhcr.org\n\n\nFebruary 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fa15602-8fcb-30a6-8e97-d3fadf7ada43/602b94e37.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_139/raw/doc_139_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_139/raw/doc_139_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b7535e8f8dca0aa3076f54bedc6ceb8389cbcfcd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_139/raw/doc_139_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,395 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe\n### Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated\n\n#### Mid year Overview of Trends January - June 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Arrivals to Europe in First half of 2017 [1]\n\nIn the first half of 2017, **16,524** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom **11,918** (72%) were unaccompanied or\nseparated children (UASC) [2] .\n\n\n##### Greece\n\nIn the first half of 2017, **3,020** [3]\nchildren arrived to Greece\nby sea, including 411 (14%)\nUASC, [4] a 95% decrease\ncompared to the first half of\n2016 (60,089).\n\n\nThe majority of children arriving\nto Greece by sea were from\nSyrian Arab Republic, Iraq,\nAfghanistan and Kuwait, while\nUASC were most commonly\nfrom Pakistan, Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Afghanistan. [4]\n\n\n##### Italy\n\nAmong the **12,239** children\nwho arrived to Italy, **93%**\n(11,406) were unaccompanied\nor separated. The number\nof UASC arriving increased\nby 7% compared to the first\nsix months of 2016 (10,640).\nAlmost half of them (46%)\noriginated from Guinea, C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire, Bangladesh and\nThe Gambia.\n\n\n##### Bulgaria\n\nIn the first half of 2017, **270**\nchildren were intercepted\nat border crossing points\nand within the territory of\nthe country. [5] 37% were\nunaccompanied children (101)\nrepresenting an eight-fold\ndecrease compared to the first\nhalf of 2016. Most children\nwere from Afghanistan and the\nSyrian Arab Republic.\n\n\n##### Spain\n\nIn the first half of 2017, **995**\nchildren arrived by sea and\nland, most commonly from\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (373)\nand more recently, Morocco\n(272). Data on unaccompanied\nchildren is not available from\nthe Spanish Ministry of Interior.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\nDemographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n##### Greece Italy\n\n\n##### Bulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Spain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**86%**\n\n\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by\nCountry of Arrival\n\n\n\n**37%**\n\n\n**63%**\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\nNationality of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\nUASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior._\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic of Arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8785502910614014, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7440232634544373, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7977810502052307, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7507179975509644, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\n\nGender Breakdown of All Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nIn all counties of arrival, the proportion of boys compared to girls\nremains higher (almost 9 boys for every 1 girl).\n\n\nBOYS GIRLS\n\n\nGreece **59%** **41%**\n\n\nItaly **93%** **7%**\n\n\nBulgaria **70%** **30%**\n\n\nWhile for accompanied children across all countries this ratio is\nstill 3:2 ( **59%** boys vs. **41%** girls), on average, **93%** of all UASC\nwere boys.\n\n\nFor Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 17,864 UASC\naccommodated in the government shelters according to the\nMinistry of Labour and not the total number of UASC who arrived\nin first half of 2017.\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\n\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAmong the **2,508** accompanied children who arrived to Greece\nand Bulgaria, 39% were between 0 and 4 years old, 53% were\nbetween 5 and 14 years old and 8% were between 15 and 17\nyears old. An age breakdown for accompanied children in Italy\nis not available, but their proportion is very low compared to\nthe 93% of children arriving in the first half of 2017 through the\nCentral Mediterranean Route that were UASC.\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n**39%** **54%** **7%**\n\n\n\nBulgaria **41%** **39%** **20%**\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees_\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived to Italy, Greece and Bulgaria in\nthe first half of 2017 were boys between 15 and 17 years old (93%\noverall).\n\n\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n##### Reception on Arrival in 2017*\n\nGreece\n\n- An estimated 18,500 children are in Greece on the\nmainland and the islands. Of them, 50% are in urban areas\n(apartments, hotels, etc.), 7% fewer than in March; 34%\nare in accommodation sites and 6% are in shelters for\nUASC. A further 10% are in Reception and Identification\nCentres, a threefold increase since March 2017.\n\n\n- In total, 217 unaccompanied children are in Reception and\nIdentification centres (up from 184 in March 2017), and 94\nunaccompanied children are in protective custody/detention,\nthree times more than in the first quarter of the year.\n\n\n- 1,131 UASC are in shelters for UASC, with an additional\n1,218 on the waiting list for shelter.\n\n\nItaly\n\n- 17,864 UASC are present in shelters for UASC, which\nare run by State authorities, non-profit and private sector\nentities, 16% more than in March 2017 (15,458). This\nincludes UASC who arrived in Italy both prior to and\nduring 2017. Sixty per cent of the UASC in the shelters\nare 17 years old. 5,226 UASC had reportedly left the\nreception system and were unaccounted for.\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n- 741 children, including UASC, are accommodated in\nreception centres in Sofia and southern Bulgaria, a 20%\ndecrease since March 2017.\n\n\n- All persons intercepted, including children and UASC,\nare routinely detained until they claim asylum. During the\nsecond quarter of 2017, children spent an average of 10\ndays in detention before being transferred to a reception\ncentre (37% shorter than the 16 days during the first\nquarter of 2017 but longer than the 8 days in 2016).\n\n\nSerbia\n\n- A total of 2,577 children are present in the country, some\n350 less than in March 2017. Children comprise 40%\nof the total number of refugees/migrants in the country,\n94% of whom are accommodated in state reception and\naccommodation centres.\n\nThe reception systems still vary greatly in quality across and\nwithin countries, sometimes even posing protection risks.\nThe large number of children who are not in shelters have\neither moved onwards or found themselves destitute on the\nstreets or in informal accommodation.\n\n_* Figures reflect the situation as of end of June 2017_\n_Sources: EKKA-Greece, UNICEF, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Bulgaria State_\n_Agency for Refugees_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n\n**14%** **86%**\n\n\n**6%** **93%**\n\n\n\nBulgaria **18%** **78%**\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\n##### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\nDuring the first half of 2017, European countries recorded **96,882**\nasylum claims involving children - a third of all asylum claims.\nThis is comparable to the number of applications registered in\nthe first quarter of the year. Half of all asylum seeking children in\n2017 came from only four countries: Syrian Arab Republic (26%),\nAfghanistan (12%), Iraq (9%) and Eritrea (5%).\n\n\nIn 2017, as in 2016, almost half of all children ( **44,283** ) sought\ninternational protection in Germany. Close to **60%** of them are\nyoung children (0 to 5 years old) and another **5,702** ( **13%** ) are\nUASC.\n\n\nOther countries that received large numbers of child asylum\nseekers in 2017 include Greece ( **8,113** ), France ( **7,600** ), Italy\n( **7,530** ), Austria ( **6,215** ), Sweden ( **3,912** ), Switzerland ( **3,280** ) and\nSpain ( **3,200** ).\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children between\nJanuary and June 2017 \u2013 by Country of Asylum\n\n\n\nDuring the first half of 2017, a total of **174,020** decisions on\nasylum claims involving children have been issued. Of them,\n**65%** were positive and **35%** rejected (compared to 68% and 31%\nrespectively in 2016). Among children with positive decisions,\n**50%** were granted refugee status (a slight decrease of 3%\ncompared to 2016), **32%** received subsidiary protection and **17%**\nreceived humanitarian status (up from 10% in 2016).\n\n\nThe trend of granting subsidiary protection and humanitarian\nstatus rather than refugee status has continued in 2017, including\nfor Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis. Moreover, many children saw their\nasylum claims rejected, particularly Pakistanis (74%), Nigerians\n(60%), Bangladeshis (52%), Afghans (32%), Iraqis (31%) and even\nSyrians (4%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications\n\n\nMain nationalities of arrivals Main nationalities of arrivals\nin Greece in Italy\n\n\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4%\n\n8%\n\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\nREJECTED ASYLUM APPLICATIONS\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS\n\n\n\nSUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\nHUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\n\nRefugee and Migrant Children\u2019s Journey to Europe [7]\n\n\n- **Decision-making and mode of travel:** 75% of children\ninterviewed in Italy during February-April 2017 [8] made the decision\nto leave individually. In contrast, children in Greece tend to have\ntaken a joint decision within their family to flee countries marked\n\n\nmembers (24%). In the second quarter\nof 2017, just 4% of children in Italy and\n19% of children arriving via the Eastern\nMediterranean reported to have travelled\nwith family members.\n\n\ndecided to leave because of violence at home (as high as 47% of\nchildren coming from The Gambia). One in five girls overall stated\nthat they left because of early, forced or child marriage. Another\n18% of respondents reported that they left their homes due to\npolitical or religiously motivated persecution (as high as 31% of\nchildren from Guinea).\n\n\n- **Pull factors:** Among UASC who intended to reach Europe,\naccess to education (38%) and respect for human rights (18%)\nwere important factors which influenced children\u2019s decision\nto choose Europe as destination. In contrast, for children who\nplanned to travel to neighbouring countries in West or North\nAfrica, work was the primary reason to move.\n\n\n\n\n- **Length of the journey:** 56% of UASC spent more than 6\nmonths travelling to Italy; for 23% of them the journey lasted\nbetween 3 and 6 months; 13% reported travelling between 2\nweeks and 3 months and only 8% reached Italy less than 2 weeks\nafter leaving their departure country. Another survey found that\nchildren arriving to Italy travelled for one year and two months, but\nsometimes this could take up to two years. [8] Children from The\nGambia and Guinea took longer to arrive in Italy than, for instance,\nchildren from Nigeria and Egypt. The length of the journey was\nrelated to the distance travelled, but also to children\u2019s need to\nwork to finance the journey. Among children in Greece, the length\nof travel varied significantly, but was overall shorter than for\nchildren arriving to Italy.\n\n\n- **Risks along the journey:** Almost half of UASC interviewed in\nItaly (47%) reported to have considered risks they could encounter\non their journey before leaving, including being injured, killed,\ndrowned at sea, robbed or imprisoned. Yet, just 1% had considered\nthe risk of sexual abuse or consequences of discrimination.\n\n\nBased on the 2,580 interviews conducted with refugees and\nmigrants between April and June in Italy, similar to the previous\nquarter, 89% children interviewed responded positively to\n\n\nsites in Niger (25%), Algeria (17%) or Libya (98%).\n\n\n- **Kidnapping, arrest and violence:** UASC unanimously spoke\nof their stay in Libya and the sea crossing as the most traumatic\nparts of their journey. Almost half of them (47%) reported to have\nbeen kidnapped against ransom in Libya, and one in four children\n(23%) reported to have been arbitrarily arrested and held in prison\nwithout charges. Children participating in focus group discussions\ndescribed witnessing daily tortures, killings and sexual violence\nand reported having been beaten, burned and/or tortured. 63%\nof children, who went to Libya with the intention to work, left for\nItaly because they were terrified by the generalised violence in\nthe country. Children in Greece were also exposed to a number of\nrisks along the journey, including violence and exploitation.\n\n\n_Sources: UNICEF-REACH, Children on the move in Italy and Greece; IOM Displacement Tracking_\n_Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys Analysis (FMS)_\n_https://www.unicef.org/eca/REACH_ITA_GRC_Report_Children_on_the_Move_in_Italy_and__\n_Greece_June_2017.pdf_\n_http://iom.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapAndAppGallery/index._\n_html?appid=3af3e9630ab849e99e6970a29aa25ff5_\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9106556177139282, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.684726357460022, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.8369642496109009, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.6843323111534119, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.9050835967063904, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nmigrants", - "confidence": 0.8957988619804382, - "start": 490, - "end": 493 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9141557812690735, - "start": 608, - "end": 611 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.8009669780731201, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking_\n_Matrix", - "confidence": 0.8069491386413574, - "start": 695, - "end": 699 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.8838285207748413, - "start": 700, - "end": 701 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.8622608184814453, - "start": 695, - "end": 696 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.82809978723526, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\n##### Relocation and Family Reunification\n\nDuring the first half of 2017 a total of **3,806** children were\nrelocated from Greece and **468** from Italy, including **109 UASC**\n(103 from Greece and 6 from Italy).\n\n\nOverall since the launch of the Emergency Relocation Scheme, as\nof 30 June 2017, 23,228 refugees and migrants, including **7,582**\nchildren, benefitted from relocation arrangements in Greece and\nItaly under the EU relocation scheme. Among them there were\nonly 275 UASC (268 from Greece and **7** from Italy).\n\n\nMost children from Greece were relocated to France (22%),\nGermany (22%) and the Netherlands (8%), while the children\nrelocated from Italy were transferred mainly to Germany (34%),\nSwitzerland (14%), Norway (12%) and the Netherlands (12%).\n\n\nAlthough the number of relocated UASC remains low with just\n275 UASC benefitting from the scheme as of June 2017, this is a\ntenfold increase compared to the end of June 2016, when just 26\nUASC had been relocated. Most UASC have been relocated to\nFinland (107).\n\n\nAccording to newly released Eurostat data, of the 761,000\nresidence permits for family reunifications reasons issued in\nEurope in 2016, just 16% (123,204) were granted to people of\nthe 10 most common nationalities of arrival, including 47,786\nSyrians. The majority of permits were issued in Germany (mainly\nto Syrians, Iraqis and Afghans), Sweden (for Syrians, as well as\nEritreans and Iraqis), Italy (mainly to Nigerians and Pakistanis) and\nthe United Kingdom (mainly to Pakistanis and Nigerians),\n\n\nThe number of children in family reunion procedures under the\nDublin regulations is underreported across Europe, but just in\nGreece during the first half of 2017 there were 625 requests\nregistered for family reunification.\n\n\nSection 67 of the Immigration Act 2016 required the UK\ngovernment to specify a total number of unaccompanied children\nto be transferred from Europe to the UK under the \u201cDubs\u201d\nscheme. In February 2017, the UK Government announced that\nthe scheme would be capped at a total of 480 children. Only\naround 200 children have been relocated under this scheme to\ndate, all in 2016.\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nOut of the 15,838 [9 ] people, who were relocated from Greece to\nother EU Member States by the end of June 2017, **6,910** (44%)\nwere children, including **268** UASC. The majority of children have\nbeen relocated in the first half of 2017, totalling 3,806 (55% of all\nchildren relocated since the launch of the scheme and including\n103 UASC). TARGET\n\n**66,400**\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**8,928**\n\nUASC CHILDREN\n\n\n\nOf the total returnees (428) from Greece to Turkey under the EUTurkey statement in the first half of 2017, **25** (6%) were children [10] .\nAll of them were returned with their families.\n##### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC [11]\n\n\nFrom 1 January to 30 June 2017, IOM provided AVRR support to\n**38,019** migrants, 25% less than the same period in 2016 (51,031).\nIn 2017, **27%** of migrants availing AVRR support were children,\nincluding 5% UASC).\n\n\nIn the second quarter of 2017, IOM assisted **19,088** migrants to\nreturn voluntarily from 81 host countries to 135 countries of origin.\n73% were returned from European countries and almost a quarter\n( **24%** ) of all beneficiaries were children, among which 5% were\nUASC. Returns were most commonly from Germany (42%).\n\n##### Children Resettled to Europe in 2016\n\n\nOf the total resettled refugees (18,175) to Europe in 2016, **49%**\nwere children (27% boys and 22% girls). In the first six months\nof 2017, cases relating to 22,000 refugees were submitted for\nresettlement to European countries. [12]\n\n\n_Source: Europe Resettlement 2016, UNHCR_\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nAs of June 2017, only 7,390 refugees and migrants were\nrelocated from Italy, including **672** children (9% including 7\nUASC).\n\n\nAmong the 672 relocated children, more than two thirds (468)\ndeparted during the first six months of 2017. In contrast, during\nthe same period in 2016, just 7 children benefited from the\nrelocation scheme.\n\n\nTARGET\n\n**39,600**\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**6,718**\n\n\nUASC\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n##### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\n\n\nCHILDREN\n\n**672**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/071e3439-19b7-30fe-8447-02cb784941c2/60348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM October 2017\n\n\n**Endnotes:**\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements\nand reflects only sea arrivals for Greece and Italy. Data for Spain\ninclude both sea and land arrivals.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from\ntheir previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily\nfrom other relatives. These may, therefore, include children\naccompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children\nare children who have been separated from both parents and other\nrelatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom,\nis responsible for doing so. (IASC)\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR\nborder activities and are provided by Hellenic Coastguard and\nHellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 2,557 referrals were made\nto the Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on\nchildren identified on islands and mainland Greece, including near the\nland border with Turkey.\n\n\n##### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely\ndisaggregated by nationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or\ncurrently residing in, different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by\nUASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not\nnecessarily provide an accurate picture of the caseload due\nto backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular\nmovements or not applying for asylum at all. In addition, due\nto different definitions and national procedures and practices,\ncollecting accurate data on separated children specifically is\nvery challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as\neither accompanied or unaccompanied). It should also be\nnoted that complete data for the first half of 2017 on children\nand UASC asylum applications for all EU member states was\nnot available on the Eurostat website at the time when this\nfactsheet was released.\n\n\n_**Sources:**_ _Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian_\n_Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR and UNICEF_\n\n\n\n5. During the same period of time, 599 children applied for asylum in\nBulgaria, of which 253 were UASC. The higher number of asylum\napplications is due mainly to the fact that there is no systematic\nregistration of people arriving in the country, and some children may\nhave claimed asylum in reception centres without being intercepted or\nidentified by national law enforcement authorities at border crossing\npoints or within the territory of the country.\n\n6. Figures reflect the situation as of the beginning of July 2017\n\n7. Findings in this section are based on interviews with children more\nthan 14 years of age. As a result, UASC on the Eastern Mediterranean\nRoute may be overrepresented and findings may not be representative\nfor all children arriving to Greece.\n\n8. Interviews were conducted as part of the published study by UNICEFREACH, \u2018Children on the Move in Italy and Greece\u2019, June 2017\n\n9. This number reflects all relocations since the launch of the EU\nrelocation scheme in late 2015. In Greece, 23% or 15,838 out of\n66,400 originally foreseen have been relocated, while for Italy, the\nequivalent figures are 18% or 7,390 out of 39,600 originally foreseen.\n\n10. Since the start of 2016, 1,229 people have been returned from Greece\nto Turkey, of which 69 were children (6%).\n\n11. The data provided here is provisional and should therefore be\nconsidered as an estimation.\n\n12. UNHCR assisted submissions for resettlement - demographic\ninformation is only available annually\n\n##### About the factsheet\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM with the aim\nto support evidence-based decision-making and advocacy on issues related to\nrefugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe with regards to\nrefugee and migrant children (accompanied and UASC). It compiles key childrelated data based on available official sources: arrival, asylum applications,\nasylum decisions, profiling of arrivals, relocation from Greece and Italy under\nthe EU relocation scheme, as well as returns from Greece to Turkey under the\nEU-Turkey statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the first half of 2017 and is produced on quarterly\nbasis to provide up-to-date information on refugee and migrant children,\nincluding unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Tsvetomira Bidart**\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Edgar Scrase**\nscrase@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**Jointly compiled and produced by:**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.937620997428894, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - 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50\"|||||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/377bc627-07e6-3fc5-9e61-e57a3d19c662/1403-ZaatariSafetySecurityReport%282013-final%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/377bc627-07e6-3fc5-9e61-e57a3d19c662/1403-ZaatariSafetySecurityReport%282013-final%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Patrick \r Hanson**\n\nCountry \r FSA\nhanson@unhcr.org\n+962 \r (0)7 \r 9894 \r 1297\n\n\n**Alaeddin \r Alrashdan**\n\nAssistant \r FSA\nalrashda@unhcr.org\n+962 \r (0)7 \r 9644 \r 3784\n\n\n**Ramiz \r Habit**\nField \r Safety \r Associate\nhabit@unhcr.org\n+962 \r (0)7 \r 9720 \r 0271\n\n\n\n_**UNHCR \r Field \r Safety \r Unit \r Contacts**_\n\n\n**Ammar \r Samain**\n\nMafraq \r FSA\nsamain@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**Phil \r Priestley**\nFSA \r (Reporting \r & \r Information)\npriestle@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/377bc627-07e6-3fc5-9e61-e57a3d19c662/1403-ZaatariSafetySecurityReport%282013-final%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_140/raw/doc_140_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_140/raw/doc_140_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5a12ef04f98df159168dab55f926a4035fc1362c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_140/raw/doc_140_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out, ensuring\nequitable distribution across and within countries\nis a key challenge. Stateless people risk being excluded from national immunization plans regardless\nof whether their age, health status or role in society\nwould otherwise place them in a priority group.\n\n\nThe issue of access to civil registration in relation to\nCOVID-19 also warrants special attention. More than\na year into the pandemic, it has become evident that\ndisruptions in birth registration services have created new risks of statelessness. A number of countries\nwhere birth registration was not considered an \u2018es\n\n\nsential service\u2019 are reporting lower birth registration\nrates due to the partial or complete suspension of\nbirth registration services as part of mitigation efforts.\nThere are also reports of the discontinuation of birth\nregistration campaigns targeting hard-to-reach populations or populations who for other reasons are\nunlikely to be covered by regular birth registration\nservices. If resultant backlogs are not prioritized for\nresolution in the period to come, many children may\nwind up at risk of statelessness.\n\n\n\n1 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to vaccines\n\n## **Access to vaccines**\n\n### **_At present the question of whether or not stateless_** **_people will be able to access vaccines remains_** **_unclear in most countries that UNHCR has_** **_information about._**\n\n\n\nAs of 26 May, some 166 States globally have begun\nvaccination campaigns. [4] In order to be effective,\nvaccination programs need to be as inclusive as\npossible of all persons resident on the territory, and\nconsiderations as to which groups are prioritized for\nthe vaccine should be based on public health considerations. _At present, however, the question of_\n_whether or not stateless people will be able to ac-_\n_cess vaccines remains unclear in most countries that_\n_UNHCR has information about_ . As explained in more\ndetail below, the majority of countries that have provided information about their plans to UNHCR have\nnot clearly addressed the question of the inclusion\nof stateless people one way or the other. In addition,\nit seems that most States have not yet determined\nhow to address the situation of people who have no\nlegal proof of their identity, a problem facing many\nstateless people. The present moment is therefore\na critical juncture for States and others to consider\nthese issues carefully and to share best practices in\nrelation to them.\n\n\n\n**Equitable access across countries**\n\n\nPublic health experts understood from the start of the\npandemic that once vaccines became available, equitable and ultimately universal access to vaccination\nwould be key. This triggered global leaders to launch\nthe COVAX Facility, [5] a global collaboration aimed\nat accelerating the development and production of\nCOVID-19 vaccines so as to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country. The initial aim is for\nvaccines to be made available as quickly as possible\nto at least 20% of the populations of all 190 participating countries or territories and so that all States\ncan target those at highest risk of contracting the virus, including health care workers, and those most vulnerable to suffering severe consequences if they do.\nThis includes 92 low- and middle-income countries\neligible for support through the COVAX Advanced\nMarket Commitment (AMC), a financing instrument\ndesigned to support equitable access to vaccines regardless of income level. As of 31 May, COVAX had\nshipped over 77 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to\n127 participants. [6]\n\n\n\n2 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to vaccines\n\n\nA separate \u2018Humanitarian Buffer\u2019 of up to 5% of the\ntotal number of doses available through COVAX was\ncreated to facilitate access to vaccines for high-risk\nand vulnerable populations, including stateless people, [7] in humanitarian settings where there have been\nunavoidable gaps in national vaccine plans despite\nadvocacy efforts. [8]\n\n\n**Equitable access within countries**\n\n\nIn December 2020, the World Health Organization\nreleased the [Values Framework for the Allocation](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334299/WHO-2019-nCoV-SAGE_Framework-Allocation_and_prioritization-2020.1-eng.pdf?ua=1)\n[and Prioritization of COVID-19 Vaccination intended](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334299/WHO-2019-nCoV-SAGE_Framework-Allocation_and_prioritization-2020.1-eng.pdf?ua=1)\nto offer guidance globally on the allocation and prioritization of populations to receive COVID-19 vaccines.\nThe Framework complements the principles on equitable access and fair allocation of COVID-19 vaccines\ndeveloped for the COVAX Facility. It provides that\nvaccine prioritization within countries should take into\naccount the vulnerabilities, risks and needs of groups\nwho, because of underlying societal, geographic or\nbiomedical factors, are at risk of experiencing greater\nburdens from the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidance\nsuggests that disadvantaged ethnic, racial, gender,\nand religious groups, vulnerable migrants in irregular situations, nomadic populations and hard-to-reach\npopulations should be prioritized. Many stateless\npopulations fall within these groups given that more\nthan 75% of the world\u2019s known stateless populations\nbelong to minority groups. [9]\n\n\nUNHCR is committed to the allocation principles of\nthe COVAX initiative, and has advocated for inclusion\nof refugees, internally displaced and stateless popu\n\n\nlations in national vaccination programs [10] as well as\nuse of the humanitarian buffer to reach these populations where they would otherwise not be reached.\nUNHCR is also calling on governments to adopt innovative approaches to overcome some of the potential practical obstacles that stateless persons face to\naccess vaccines, including the lack of legal identity\ndocumentation.\n\n\nAs of 1 June, UNHCR has at least some information\non the national vaccination plans and programs of 157\ncountries. In the great majority of these, it is unclear\nfrom the language of the plans and other information\navailable so far whether stateless persons will be able\nto access vaccines. This is not unusual or necessarily\nproblematic, as most plans do not single out specific population groups. In some 47 countries, stateless\npersons would seem to be included according to the\nlanguage of the plans or based on assurances by the\nauthorities to UNHCR, but there is limited information available concerning actual practice to date. At\nthe same time, of the 157 countries that UNHCR has\ninformation about, 2 have stated that stateless persons are excluded from accessing vaccines as part of\nthe national vaccination program. Whether or not the\nplans specifically mention or envision the inclusion of\nstateless persons, as a practical matter there are a\nnumber of reasons why stateless people and others\nwho may lack certain forms of identification could go\nunvaccinated. There is therefore a need for urgent attention by States and others to the risks of exclusion\nof stateless persons, and for greater clarity on the\nsubject as States continue to refine and implement\ntheir national plans.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to vaccines\n\n\n**Potential challenges to ensuring that**\n**stateless persons access vaccines**\n\n\nDespite public health guidance and human rights\nstandards [11] lining up in favor of the general inclusion\nof stateless persons in vaccination programs, in practice they risk being excluded. Lower vaccination rates\namong stateless persons predate the COVID-19 pandemic, as stateless persons generally face obstacles\nwhen accessing vaccination services. Stateless persons are likely to experience additional constraints in\nthe current immunization environment due to the limited supply of vaccines globally. A number of potential challenges related to ensuring stateless persons\nbenefit from vaccines can be identified.\n\n\n**Nationality or legal status** . Stateless people risk\nbeing excluded due to lack of nationality of the\ncountry of residence. A number of national vaccination roll-out strategies either prioritize their\nnationals over non-nationals, explicitly exclude\nnon-nationals without legal status in the country,\nor make no explicit provision for non-nationals to\nbenefit from vaccines.\n\n\n**Lack of identity documentation.** Stateless people may be excluded from vaccination programs\neither deliberately or de facto because they lack\nproof of legal identity. While some countries expressly bar undocumented persons from getting\nvaccinated, in other contexts they are in principle\neligible but in practice face obstacles linked to\ntheir lack of identity documentation. The documentation requirement in practice stems from the\nneed to keep track of who has been vaccinated,\nto invite persons for subsequent inoculations and\nto track the safety of vaccines. However, given\nthat globally some 1 billion persons are estimated to lack proof of legal identity, [12] the requirement\nthat people show proof of identity to register for\nand/or receive vaccines may well undermine the\neffectiveness of vaccination programs. Alternative\narrangements therefore need to be considered\nfor those who lack proof of legal identity. The lack\nof documentation also makes it harder for authorities to reach these populations as they typically\ndo not appear in civil registers or national population registers; their lack of legal identity documents has effectively made them invisible to the\nauthorities.\n\n\n\n**Lack of awareness.** The majority of known stateless people and those at risk of statelessness belong to minority groups and many live in remote,\nhard-to-reach locations. They may not speak the\ndominant national language and may or may not\nbe literate. For a variety of reasons, they thus may\nnot be aware of the possibility to get vaccinated\nand may face difficulties in obtaining information\non how to access vaccines, especially where this\nrequires navigating administrative systems. Information may not be provided in a language they\nspeak or may be transmitted through a means of\ncommunication that they do not have access to.\nDue to a general lack of data on stateless populations, regular outreach efforts are likely to overlook these groups.\n\n\n**Fear of coming forward for vaccination.** Many\nstateless persons do not have legal status in the\ncountry where they live and are therefore generally reluctant to approach the authorities lest they\nbe subject to arrest or detention. Registering and\ncoming forward for vaccination is likely to be perceived as posing similar risks.\n\n\n**Prohibitive cost of vaccination.** Many stateless\npersons do not have access to healthcare insurance due to lack of legal identity and legal status,\nwhich can make accessing vaccination prohibitively costly. While vaccination in many countries\nis free of charge for nationals, in many countries\nthis will not be the case for non-nationals without\nlegal status.\n\n\n**Discriminatory and inconsistent vaccination dis-**\n**tribution practices.** While most governments are\ndeveloping vaccine distribution plans at a national\nlevel, implementation is often managed locally by\na host of different actors. The urgency behind the\nroll-out of vaccination plans and lack of training\nand monitoring of vaccine distribution risks leading to inconsistent and discriminatory practices.\nAlternative arrangements for those not able to\nmeet the usual requirements for vaccine registration, such as a national identity document, may not\nbe consistently applied. This may lead to stateless\npersons and other groups not being able to get\nvaccinated despite being eligible.\n\n\n\n4 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to vaccines\n\n### **_Ethical considerations linked to the introduction_** **_of vaccine passports are being debated, as they_** **_will clearly disadvantage populations unable or_** **_unwilling to access vaccination._**\n\n\n\n**Additional risks that may arise from**\n**excluding stateless persons**\n\n\nAs highlighted above, mitigation efforts and vaccination plans need to be as inclusive as possible of all\npersons residing in a country in order to sustainably\nslow the transmission of the virus. Excluding certain\ngroups carries the risk of ongoing transmission not\nonly among these populations but all groups. In addition to public health considerations, exclusion from\nvaccination programs risks inflaming xenophobia and\nstigmatization as excluded groups may be perceived\nto be at higher risk of contracting the virus. Being\nfeared as a source of potential infection may also further inhibit excluded groups\u2019 access to services and\nlivelihoods.\n\n\n**Implications of the introduction**\n**of vaccine passports**\n\n\nAs governments around the world explore the roll\nout of vaccine passports in response to the COVID-19\npandemic, some governments have already introduced such documentation schemes. The premise of\na vaccine passport is straightforward: a document indicates that a person has been vaccinated so that he/\nshe can accordingly engage more freely in public life\nand travel without adding to the spread of the virus.\nEthical considerations linked to the introduction of\nsuch schemes are being debated, as they will clearly\ndisadvantage populations unable or unwilling to access vaccination. The health crisis has already exacerbated the vulnerability and marginalization of stateless groups and vaccine passports will make things\nworse still for any stateless populations unable to be\nvaccinated. There is a clear risk of a vicious cycle by\nwhich vulnerable groups excluded from vaccination\nare made even more socio-economically and generally vulnerable, including to severe consequences of\nthe virus, as a result of exclusion.\n\n\n\n**Good practices**\n\n\nA number of national vaccination strategies do not\ndifferentiate between residents based on legal status\nor nationality:\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Spain**, all persons residing on the territory,\nincluding migrants in an irregular administrative\nsituation, are included in the national vaccination\nstrategy. The strategy also establishes that migrants in detention are a priority group.\n\n**\u25a0** Stateless persons in **Portugal** are included in\nthe national vaccination plan on an equal footing\nwith nationals, per priority categories established\nbased on health risk.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Turkmenistan**, both refugees and stateless\npersons are included in the COVID-19 national\nvaccination plan. In March 2021, those falling\nunder the public health-based prioritization criteria, including undocumented stateless persons,\nbegan being invited for vaccination.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Lebanon**, stateless persons are included in\nnational vaccination plans and can register for\nvaccines. Following advocacy efforts, a statelessness option was added to the required nationality\nfield in the online registration platform, enabling\nstateless persons to register.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Kuwait**, the authorities issued a decision in December 2020 that in principle allows all persons\non the territory to access medical services linked\nto COVID-19, including vaccination. Individuals\nwho have not regularized their status with the\ngovernment and/or do not possess an ID card\nare covered by this decision.\n\n\nA good practice was set in the **United Kingdom**\nwhere a firewall was created between vaccination\nand immigration services. Everyone is entitled to the\nvaccine free of charge. Undocumented migrants, including stateless people, will be able to receive the\nvaccine and their data will not be shared with the police. To encourage undocumented persons to get the\n\n\n\n5 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vaccine, the authorities have conducted an information campaign in different languages and are collaborating with NGOs to reach all such persons.\n\n\nTo respond to the challenge of some people lacking\nidentity documents, a number of States have adopted\nalternative arrangements:\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Uganda**, the Government rolled out a nationwide vaccination plan for all persons on its\nterritory starting with those assessed to be most\nat risk. To receive a vaccine, an identity document generally needs to be furnished, but those\nwithout any type of identity document can obtain\nan introduction letter from their local authorities\nto receive the vaccine.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Kenya**, a person generally needs to show an\nidentity document to be vaccinated. The Government has indicated however that those who\nqualify for vaccination but who do not have an\nidentity document can obtain letters from local\nauthorities which can be used for vaccine registration.\n\n**\u25a0** **Jordan** commenced vaccinations in January\n2021 and announced that all persons living on\nJordanian soil are eligible to receive a vaccine\nfree of charge. In addition, refugees who have no\n\n\n\npassports or ID, including stateless refugees, can\nregister for the vaccine platform using the UNHCR registration certificate number.\n\n\nCertain countries have included stateless persons in\ntheir national healthcare system, which enables them\nto access vaccines:\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Kazakhstan**, free medical assistance in relation to COVID-19 is provided to non-nationals,\nincluding refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless\npersons. Refugees and recognized stateless\npersons are included in the COVID-19 national\nvaccination plan. [13]\n\n**\u25a0** In February 2021, **Colombia** announced the\ngrant of temporary legal status for ten years to\nall Venezuelan migrants who entered the country\nprior to 2021. This is a critical step, as it allows for\nVenezuelans to access national health services,\nincluding vaccination campaigns.\n\n**\u25a0** In September 2020, **Thailand** included more\nthan 3,000 undocumented stateless students in\nits national healthcare system by granting them\nan ID number in the National Healthcare Fund for\nPersons with Legal Status Problems.\n\n\n\n6 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to vaccines\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\n**Devise national COVID-19 vaccination plans based on public health consider-**\n**ations and in line with human rights standards,** ensuring accessibility, equitability,\nnon-discrimination and inclusion of all persons resident on the territory to the greatest extent possible. Prioritization plans should give consideration to factors that may\nheighten the risk of getting COVID-19 among stateless populations as well as their\nvulnerability to more serious outcomes.\n\n\n**Identify barriers that stateless populations may face** in accessing vaccination and\ndesign targeted programs to ensure meaningful and practical access.\n\n\n**Exempt stateless persons from requirements of legal status and identity docu-**\n**mentation** and create an alternative system for undocumented persons to register\nfor and receive vaccination.\n\n\n**Establish criteria to determine priority vaccine recipients** transparently and ensure that prioritization plans are widely communicated to the population.\n\n\n**Ensure messaging on COVID-19 vaccines in languages that all populations resi-**\n**dent on the territory can understand.** Diverse means of communication may need\nto be employed in order to reach all people resident on the territory.\n\n\n**Create a firewall between vaccination and immigration services,** allowing stateless persons, persons at risk of statelessness and others to access services without\nfear that their information will be shared with immigration authorities. Governments\nshould issue clear assurances to all groups that they will not face arrest or other\nlegal repercussions when coming forward for vaccination.\n\n\n**Engage a wide range of stakeholders,** including grassroots organizations and\nstateless persons, **in identification, outreach and vaccine distribution** to alleviate\nmistrust towards authorities and enhance willingness to get vaccinated.\n\n\n**Ensure that prioritization plans are clear, leaving no room for misinterpretation**\n**or discriminatory practices** by local authorities responsible for implementing the\nplans. Monitoring of vaccine distribution can further reduce the risks of improper\nexclusion of certain groups.\n\n\n**Establish plans for equitable inclusion of all people resident on the territory in**\n**vaccine roll-out strategies before introducing \u201cvaccine passport\u201d schemes.**\n\n\n7 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to civil documentation\n\n## **Access to civil documentation**\n\n### **_Where civil documentation is not issued or lapses,_** **_the risks are likely to be highest for minority group_** **_members._**\n\n\n\nIn a number of countries where civil registration services were not designated as vital services, birth registration services completely ceased for the majority\nof the pandemic or for significant time periods. In other countries, birth registration offices were still operational, although with reduced staffing and opening\nhours. There are also reports that specific civil registration services to target hard-to-reach areas, such\nas mobile activities, were sometimes suspended. In\nmany of these countries, significant backlogs have\nbeen reported, which in some cases come on top of\nexisting birth registration backlogs. Where civil documentation is not issued or lapses, the risks are likely\nto be highest for minority group members to (re)establish their nationality in the absence of documentation proving place of birth and descent.\n\n\n**The risk of statelessness due to non-**\n**registration of births**\n\n\nBirth certificates are a key form of proof to establish\neligibility for a nationality in that the document provides key information, such as place of birth and parentage, needed to assert a child\u2019s right to a nationality. While lack of birth registration on its own does not\nrender a person stateless, it can create a risk of statelessness if a person cannot establish entitlement to\n\n\n\nnationality. As noted above, some population groups\nare at particular risk. These include minority groups,\nnomadic and border populations, refugees, internally displaced persons, migrants and unaccompanied\nor separated children. To ensure universal access to\nbirth registration, UNHCR advocates for obstacles to\nbirth registration to be tackled and specific initiatives\nto be undertaken to reach those at risk of not getting\nbirths registered.\n\n\n**Good practices**\n\n\nIn many countries birth registration services were\nconsidered as \u2018vital services\u2019 and were continued\nduring the pandemic as a result, albeit with certain\nmeasures in place to minimize the risk of spreading\nthe virus. Some notable examples are listed below.\n\n\nA number of countries adopted alternative institutional practices to be able to continue to offer civil registration services:\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Chile**, emergency offices were opened in the\ncapital district to guarantee the provision of civil\nregistration services. Additional personnel were\ntrained to perform civil registration and virtual\nservices were expanded.\n\n\n\n8 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to civil documentation\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Honduras**, the \u2018Smart Opening Plan\u2019 was adopted to resume the registration of vital events. It\nsets out a number of criteria for the reopening\nof offices. Home visits were also scheduled for\nthose who could not go to an office.\n\n\nA number of countries used the pandemic as an opportunity to digitize civil registration services:\n\n\n**\u25a0** **Costa Rica** developed a platform which made\nit possible for people to obtain birth, death and\nmarriage certificates online.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Panama**, a new online platform \u2018Tribunal\nContigo\u2019 was rolled out for people to access civil\nregistration services digitally to mitigate the suspension of in-person services.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Kazakhstan**, birth registration and applications\nfor other civil registration and documentation\nmay now be submitted online and certificates\ncan be picked up at the civil registry office. Several extensions were given for all residents whose\ndocuments expired during lockdown to renew\nthem while not incurring a penalty.\n\n\nCivil registration deadlines were relaxed or suspended for the duration of the pandemic and late birth registration fees lifted in some countries:\n\n\n\n\n**\u25a0** In **Jordan**, the Government passed Defense\norder No. 5 suspending deadlines for birth registration. This allowed for the late birth registration\nof children whose births could not be registered\nduring the lockdown. Late birth registration fees\nwere also waived.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Morocco**, the 30-day administrative registration deadline to register births was suspended\nfor the duration of the pandemic.\n\n**\u25a0** In **Lebanon**, Parliament suspended the oneyear birth registration deadline from 18 October\n2019 until 31 December 2020, which was further\nextended until 31 March 2021. Accordingly, births that passed the one-year mark in this period\ncould still be registered administratively.\n\n**\u25a0** In **South Africa**, although the Department of\nHome Affairs suspended birth registration at\nthe beginning of the lockdown, children born in\nthis period do not have to undergo the late birth registration procedure which involves more\nstringent requirements, including higher costs.\n\n**\u25a0** In the **Kyrgyz Republic**, civil registry offices were\nclosed in some locations during the state of\nemergency; no fines were applied for late birth\nregistration or overdue renewal of residency\ndocuments for foreign citizens and stateless persons affected by these closures.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access to civil documentation\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\nIn line with recommendations issued in May 2020, [14] UNHCR urges governments to undertake\nthe following actions:\n\n\n**Birth and death registration services should be considered an \u2018essential service\u2019**\nand should continue to operate, with temporary modifications in operational arrangements as necessary and appropriate.\n\n\n**Authorities are encouraged to digitize civil registration services to the extent that**\n**this transition does not disadvantage those without access to internet.** The pandemic offers an opportunity to improve the technological infrastructure of civil registration services to enhance accessibility even after the crisis.\n\n\n**Authorities are encouraged to implement procedures for late birth registration,**\n**extend existing deadlines, and suspend penalties and fees.** These provisions\nshould continue for a period after COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted in order for\nbacklogs to be rapidly cleared. Additional evidentiary requirements in case of late\nbirth registration should be avoided.\n\n\n**The validity of nationality and residency documentation should be extended for**\n**the duration of the suspension of services.** Authorities are also encouraged to\nextend the validity of these documents for a reasonable period of time after registration services have restarted to allow persons to renew their documents before\nthey become invalid.\n\n\nIn addition, authorities are encouraged to develop and implement plans to efficiently deal with\nbacklogs. To this end, authorities are encouraged to consider hiring staffing on a temporary\nbasis and redirecting funds to this area.\n\n\n10 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\n1 See for example: European Network on Statelessness,\n[Situation assessment of statelessness, health, and](https://www.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/2021-04/ENS_Health_Situation_Assessment_Europe.pdf)\n[COVID-19 in Europe, April 2021;](https://www.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/2021-04/ENS_Health_Situation_Assessment_Europe.pdf) [Right to Protection, Access](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/access_of_stateless_persons_to_medical_care_during_the_covid-19_eng.pdf)\n[of Stateless Persons to Medical Care during COVID-19](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/access_of_stateless_persons_to_medical_care_during_the_covid-19_eng.pdf)\n[and Assessment of the Economic and Social Impact of the](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/access_of_stateless_persons_to_medical_care_during_the_covid-19_eng.pdf)\n[Lockdown Measures, May 2020.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/access_of_stateless_persons_to_medical_care_during_the_covid-19_eng.pdf)\n\n2 [UNHCR, The Impact of COVID-19 on Stateless Populations:](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5eb2a72f4.html)\n[Policy Recommendations and Good Practices, May 2020.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5eb2a72f4.html)\n\n3 [UNHCR also issued a joint statement with OHCHR, IOM](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e836f164/rights-health-refugees-migrants-stateless-must-protected-covid-19-response.html)\nand the WHO calling attention to the particular vulnerability\nof stateless persons.\n\n4 [Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Our World in](https://bit.ly/3dLcLvH)\n[Data [accessed on 26 May].](https://bit.ly/3dLcLvH)\n\n5 The COVAX Facility is an initiative of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Gavi, the Vaccine\nAlliance and the World Health Organization and aims at\nensuring equal access to vaccines for all participating countries, regardless of income levels.\n\n6 [Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance, COVAX Vaccine Roll-Out [ac-](https://www.gavi.org/covax-vaccine-roll-out)\ncessed on 1 June].\n\n7 [Inter Agency Standing Committee, Frequently Asked](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/emergency-directors-group/frequently-asked-questions-covax-humanitarian-buffer)\n[Questions: The COVAX Humanitarian Buffer [accessed on](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/emergency-directors-group/frequently-asked-questions-covax-humanitarian-buffer)\n21 April].\n\n8 [GAVI, \u2018The COVAX Humanitarian Buffer Explained\u2019, 30](https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/covax-humanitarian-buffer-explained)\nMarch 2021.\n\n9 [UNHCR, \u201cThis Is Our Home\u201d Stateless Minorities and Their](https://www.refworld.org/docid/59e4a6534.html)\n[Search for Citizenship, November 2017.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/59e4a6534.html)\n\n[10 UNHCR, \u201cUNHCR calls for equitable access to COVID-19](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/4/606d56564/unhcr-calls-equitable-access-covid-19-vaccines-refugees.html)\n\n[vaccines for refugees\u201d, 7 April 2021.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/4/606d56564/unhcr-calls-equitable-access-covid-19-vaccines-refugees.html)\n\n11 Most notably, the International Covenant on Economic,\nSocial and Cultural Rights, Article 12(1) establishes that \u2018The\nStates Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right\nof everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable\nstandard of physical and mental health\u2019, and that (2) \u2018The\nsteps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include\nthose necessary for: (c) The Prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases.\nFurthermore, Article 25(i) of the Universal Declaration of\nHuman Rights establishes that \u2018\u2018Everyone has the right to a\nstandard of living adequate for the health and well-being of\nhimself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing\nand medical care and necessary social services, and the\nright to security in the event of unemployment, sickness,\ndisability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in\ncircumstances beyond his control\u2019.\n\n[12 According to the World Bank Group\u2019s 2018 #ID4D Global](https://id4d.worldbank.org/global-dataset)\n\n[Dataset, an estimated one billion people around the globe](https://id4d.worldbank.org/global-dataset)\nface challenges in proving who they are.\n\n[13 UNHCR, \u201cUNHCR commends Central Asia for providing](https://www.unhcr.org/centralasia/en/14091-unhcr-commends-central-asia-for-providing-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-stateless-persons-with-access-to-covid-vaccination.html)\n\n[asylum seekers, refugees, and stateless persons with](https://www.unhcr.org/centralasia/en/14091-unhcr-commends-central-asia-for-providing-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-stateless-persons-with-access-to-covid-vaccination.html)\n[access to COVID vaccination\u201d, 14 May 2021](https://www.unhcr.org/centralasia/en/14091-unhcr-commends-central-asia-for-providing-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-stateless-persons-with-access-to-covid-vaccination.html)\n\n[14 UNHCR, The Impact of COVID-19 on Stateless Populations:](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5eb2a72f4.html)\n\n[Policy Recommendations and Good Practices, May 2020.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5eb2a72f4.html)\n\n\n11 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ID4D Global", - "confidence": 0.5303452014923096, - "start": 539, - "end": 541 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank Group", - "confidence": 0.7780938744544983, - "start": 532, - "end": 535 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9635902047157288, - "start": 537, - "end": 538 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5098960399627686, - "start": 537, - "end": 538 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cover Photo: Nairobi, Kenya: Nosizi a formerly stateless member of\nthe Shona community is now a citizen and studies economics at the\n\nUniversity of Nairobi. \u00a9UNHCR/ Anthony Karumba\n\n\n12 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STATELESS POPULATIONS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6460f8f-d52b-3589-b27f-6df6471c3e78/60b8d6d84.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_141/raw/doc_141_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_141/raw/doc_141_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d4d02b783e0f6f97718227614f1833dbdd2195c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_141/raw/doc_141_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Acronyms and abbreviations**\n\nANC Antenatal Care\n\n\nANM Anaemia\n\n\nBSC Balanced Score Card\n\n\nCHW Community Health Workers\n\n\nGAM Global Acute Malnutrition\n\n\nGCR Global Compact on Refugees\n\n\nHFUR Health Facility Utilisation Rate\n\n\nHIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus\n\n\nILO International Labour Organization\n\n\nIPT Interpersonal Therapy\n\n\niRHIS Integrated Refugee Health Information System\n\n\nIYCF Infant and young child feeding\n\n\nMAM Moderate Acute Malnutrition\n\n\nMC Measles Coverage\n\n\nmhGAP Mental Health Gap Action Programme\n\n\nMHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n\n\nMoH Ministry of Health\n\n\nNCDs Noncommunicable diseases\n\n\nPEP Post-Exposure Prophylaxis\n\n\nPLHIV People Living with HIV\n\n\nPLW Pregnant and Lactating Women\n\n\nPMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission\n\n\nPNC Post Natal Care\n\n\nSAM Severe Acute Malnutrition\n\n\nSC Stabilization Centre\n\n\nSBA Skilled Birth Attendance\n\n\nSDG Sustainable Development Goal\n\n\nTB Tuberculosis\n\n\nU5MR Under 5 Mortality Rate\n\n\nWHO World Health Organization\n\n\n### **Table of Contents**\n\n**1. Public Health** **7**\n\n\n**2. Sexual and reproductive health & HIV** **19**\n\n\n**3. Nutrition** **25**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\nInformation System\n\n\nNumber of sites/\nfacilities using iRHIS\n\n\n- countries with health programmes AND expenditure > 50,000 USD in the year AND >5,000 refugees/or\npeople in refugee-like situations or Low/ Middle Income Countries with > 150,000 refugees / asylum seekers\n\n\n\nBurkina Faso\nBurundi\nChina\nCongo\nDjibouti\nEgypt\nIran\nColombia\nGhana\nIndia\nIndonesia\nLebanon\nLiberia\nLibya\n\n\n\nMauritania\nCentral African Republic\nMorocco\nTurkey\nPeru\nNepal\nNiger\nNigeria\nPakistan\nRussian Federation#\nSomalia\nZimbabwe\nSouth Africa\nCosta Rica\n\n\n## **159**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. Public Health**\n\nUNHCR aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing of its persons\nof concern, enabling them to access safe, effective, equitable and affordable\nhealth care services. UNHCR supported access to comprehensive primary\nhealth care services as well as referral to secondary and tertiary care for\nrefugees in 50 countries hosting 16.5 million refugees. Primary care included\npreventive, promotive and curative care including vaccination, access to clinical\nconsultations and medications, sexual and reproductive health and HIV services,\nmental health care, and nutrition care.\n\n\nUNHCR works with nearly 150 NGOs and other partners in collaboration with\nand support to national health systems.\n\n\nAt the end of 2020, UNHCR had 153 public health, reproductive health, MHPSS\n(Mental Health and Psychosocial Support) and nutrition personnel globally with\n88% percent working at country level.\n\n\nThe integrated Refugee Health Information System (iRHIS) is used by UNHCR\nand partners in 19 countries and 159 refugee hosting sites. Health information\nfor refugees in other countries was collected through national health systems\nwhich mostly do not allow for disaggregated data. Enhancements were made\nto the system and modules integrated to facilitate COVID-19 case reporting\namongst PoC.\n\n\nA significant focus of 2020 was preparedness and response to the global\nCOVID-19 pandemic. UNHCR worked with national authorities to include\nrefugees and other persons of concern in national response plans; facilitate\naccess to information on prevention as well as access to testing and clinical\ncare. In many refugee hosting countries this included support to national health\nsystems, increasing testing capacity through procurement of tests and support\nto laboratories, establishment of isolation facilities in government or camp health\nfacilities, training of staff, procurement of essential medicines and supplies,\nincluding personal protective equipment (PPE) and oxygen concentrators and\nengagement with and communicating with communities. Community health\nworkers played a critical role in many settings by providing vital information to\ncommunities as well as assisting in detection of cases, referrals, follow-up and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "integrated Refugee Health Information System", - "confidence": 0.984764814376831, - "start": 162, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "iRHIS", - "confidence": 0.9900845289230347, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5031020641326904, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6317806839942932, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.839135468006134, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **KEY INDICATORS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGlobally the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on access to and utilisation of\nhealth services. At the onset of the pandemic with the first cases detected in\nrespective countries, there was generally a reduction in outpatient consultations\nassociated with fear of getting infected at facilities, the impact of lockdowns and\nreduction in movements, and as the health workforce was diverted to provide\nCOVID-19 care.\n\n\nAdaptations were made to ensure continuity of safe access to essential\nservices, particularly safe deliveries, as well as adaptations to ensure continuity\nfor those with chronic care needs such as TB and HIV, including dispensing 2-3\nmonths of medicines supply and remote follow-up for stable patients.\n\n\nAs lockdowns and restrictions were lifted, access and utilisation of health\nservices increased. Overall, the health facility utilisation rate remained within\nacceptable ranges over 2020 compared to 2019, despite periodic decreases in\nutilisation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|INDICATOR
Total consultations
in countries using
iRHIS|2020
7,562,609|2019
7,167,197|STANDARD|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Total Population
of Concern in
Countries using
iRHIS|4,669,953|4,741,914||\n||Health Facility
Utilisation Rate|1,6 consultation per
person per year|1,5|UNHCR/SPHERE
standard 1-4|\n||Crude mortality rate|0,11 deaths per 1,000
per month|0,12|<0.75 deaths per
1,000 per month|\n||U5 Mortality Rate|0,19 deaths per
1,000 population
under 5 per month|0,3|<1.5 deaths per
1,000 per month|\n||Skilled birth
attendance rate|92%|90.7%|Target >90%|\n\n\n\n8 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality\n\nThere were 41,401 cases of COVID-19 amongst persons of concern reported\nto UNHCR in 2020 and 401 deaths, a case fatality rate of 0.97%. Although this\nis similar to case fatality rates reported elsewhere it is recognized that there is\nsignificant under-detection and under-reporting of both cases and deaths.\n\n\n\n0.45\n\n0.40\n\n0.35\n\n0.30\n\n0.25\n\n0.20\n\n0.15\n\n0.10\n\n0.05\n\n\n\n**UNDER FIVE MORTALITY RATE**\n\n\n0.4\n\n\n0.3 0.3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0.00\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n||||\n||||\n||||\n||||\n\n2017\n\n###### Morbidity and Mortality\n\n\n\n2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\nThe average crude mortality rate was 0.11 deaths per 1,000 total population per\nmonth, similar to that reported in 2019 (0.13 deaths/1,000 population).\n\n\nThe under-5 mortality rate was an average of 0.19 deaths per 1000 under five\npopulation per month, across 159 sites in 19 countries compared to a rate of 0.3\nin 2019. The trend shows a progressive reduction over time.\n\n\nThe most common causes of morbidity were malaria (20%), upper respiratory\ntract infections (19%), and lower respiratory tract infections (6%), similar to 2019.\nNCD and mental health consultations accounted for 4% ( 333,011 ) and 2%\n(142,971 ) of outpatient consultations respectively.\n\n\n\nWith the announcement of several promising COVID-19 vaccines in the latter\npart of 2020, focused advocacy efforts were made at country, regional and\nglobal levels to ensure refugees and other persons of concern were included\nin national plans for roll-out. UNHCR participated in an Interagency Working\nGroup to develop the principles and design of the Covax Humanitarian Bufferan allocation of doses within the Covax facility as a last resort mechanism for\nhumanitarian affected populations who may have been excluded from national\nvaccine rollout.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "programming a priority was to ensure continuous care for persons with\nmoderate to severe mental health conditions. They should continue to have\naccess to clinical and other services, through primary health care facilities\nwith trained and supervised health workers, or through dedicated mental\nhealth programmes. Some services could be delivered through remote\nsupport, but in many cases, direct person-to-person support could continue\nin safe ways by more extensive use of community-based workers and by\nadapting facility-based care to prevent infections. Data from the iRHIS\ndemonstrate that while the absolute number of consultations decreased,\nthe percentage of primary care consultations dedicated to mental health\nremained stable at around 2%.\n\n\n\n\n###### Mental Health\n\n[The COVID-19 pandemic increased the levels of psychological distress](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/5/5ebcfd784/unhcr-urges-prioritization-mental-health-support-coronavirus-response.html)\n[among refugees, while delivery of and access to services was much more](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/5/5ebcfd784/unhcr-urges-prioritization-mental-health-support-coronavirus-response.html)\ncomplicated. During periods of movement restrictions and lockdowns,\nactivities that were less essential had to be scaled down or suspended\nwhile new interventions and innovative ways of service delivery had to\nbe developed. UNHCR co- chaired the inter-agency working group that\n[produced IASC-endorsed guidelines for continuation and adaptation of](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidance-operational-considerations-multisectoral-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support)\n[MHPSS services during the pandemic. For example, messages about coping](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidance-operational-considerations-multisectoral-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support)\n[with distress were distributed through community volunteers and social](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/7/5f04725b4/refugees-deliver-mental-health-services-locked-camps-iraq.html)\nmedia. Many first responders were trained in Psychological First Aid and\n[other basic psychosocial skills. In some countries such as Greece, Lebanon](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidance-basic-psychosocial-skills-guide-covid-19-responders)\nand Uganda, psychological support to refugees was provided through\nhelplines. Telephone and internet were increasingly used as modalities\n[to provide psychotherapy for refugees with mental health issues such as](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/5/5ebc7f7f4/venezuelan-counsellors-offer-fellow-refugees-psychological-first-aid.html)\ndepression, anxiety, post traumatic stress, and bereavement. Within MHPSS\n\n\n\n\n\n12 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)\n\nNon-communicable diseases are recognized as an increasing cause of morbidity\nand mortality in humanitarian settings. Capacity strengthening focused on\nintegration of NCD care into primary health care and adaptations to COVID-19.\nUNHCR continued to convene the informal interagency working group on\nNCDs in emergencies and along with IRC published operational guidance\non [Integrating Non-communicable Disease Care in Humanitarian Settings in](https://www.unhcr.org/5fcfb9744)\ncollaboration with the group.\n\n\nIn light of COVID-19 restrictions support was provided to countries on continuity\nof NCD services including through webinars, provision of guidance on NCDs\nand COVID-19 and continuity of services and through the community of practice.\nAdaptations were made to ensure continuity of care for persons living with\nNCDs including dispensing medicines for 2-3 months for stable patients and\nremote follow-up where possible.\n\n\n###### Working with national health systems\n\n**Social health protection** and universal health coverage (UHC) improve\nhealth status and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in\nparticular targets under SDGs 1, 3 and 8 to reduce mortality and morbidity at all\nages, reduce poverty, hunger and malnutrition and improve livelihoods. Since\n2014, the ILO and UNHCR have been collaborating on the extension of social\nhealth protection to refugees. [Experiences, learnings and practical tools were](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---ddg_p/documents/publication/wcms_760638.pdf)\npublished in 2020 and collaboration continued on assessing the prospects\nfor inclusion of refugees in national social health protection schemes in a\nnumber of countries in the Middle East and East and Horn of Africa as part of\nthe [Partnership for improving prospects for forcibly displaced persons and host](https://www.ilo.org/global/programmes-and-projects/prospects/lang--en/index.htm)\n[communities (PROSPECTS)](https://www.ilo.org/global/programmes-and-projects/prospects/lang--en/index.htm)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDepending on the context and the location of refugees there may be a need\nfor expanded modalities to finance access to health care. UNHCR continued\nto support **cash assistance** to facilitate heath service access in selected\ncountries including Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Mexico and other countries in Latin\nAmerica. [The Role of Cash Assistance in Financing Access to Health Care in](https://www.unhcr.org/en-au/5fc0b3fb4)\n[Refugee Settings and other Persons of Concern to UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/en-au/5fc0b3fb4) was published in\n2020 providing an overview of health financing mechanisms and the specific\nrole cash assistance can play in financing access to health services in refugee\nsettings and for other PoC to UNHCR.\n\n\nIn line with the Global Compact on Refugees UNHCR continued to work with\nministries of health to promote **greater inclusion** of refugees and other POCs\ninto national health policies, plans, funding proposals and services. UNHCR is\ntracking this in 48 countries globally with the [Public Health Inclusion Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0OGM4YWEtNzYxZS00MTVlLTk4ZTItMjk4YzU5NTkwYjhhIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSection)\nThe importance of this was demonstrated with the COVID-19 response with the\nmajority of refugee hosting countries adopting inclusive approaches.\n\n\n**Pharmacy Management Capacity building**\n\n\nAccess to affordable, quality-assured essential medicines reduces the financial\nburden of health care, reduces pain and suffering, shortens illness duration, and\n\n\n\n14 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "averts preventable disabilities and deaths. Access to essential medicines is also\nnecessary to achieve UHC and the SDGs. Medicines are potentially high-cost\nitems that are easily diverted or misused or can fail to meet quality standards\nwithout appropriate systems in place. To strengthen medicines management\nin UNHCR and partner facilities, UNHCR has been providing in-country and\nremote technical support, partnering with QUAMED, a specialist NGO working\non quality assurance system assessments, to do local pharmaceutical market\nassessments, developing pharmacy management monitoring tools and\nundertaking capacity building. Tools developed included standard operating\nprocedures on medicine management at UNHCR, and monitoring checklists for\npharmacies in health facilities and central medical stores.\n\n\n**Medicines and Medical Supplies Management for COVID-19 response**\n\n\nIn response to COVID-19, a list of essential medicines and medical supplies for\nthe prevention, diagnosis and case management was updated. The operating\nenvironment was challenging during the first phase of the pandemic due to\nsupply chain and transport limitations. Quality assurance was provided for\nproducts procured including for any local procurement in case international\nprocurement was not possible. Some limited stockpiles of PPE were kept\nfor mobilization in case of urgent country needs. In addition, forecasting and\nordering was done for regular medical services to avoid stock outs and ensure\ncontinuity of services.\n\n\n\n1 Uddin, A., & Sumi, H. (2019). The story of a Rohingya refugee: becoming a community psychosocial volunteer.\n\nIntervention, 17(2), 296.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n16 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **2. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE** **HEALTH & HIV**\n\nAccess to integrated comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH)\nservices remains a priority for UNHCR to enhance the wellbeing of women,\nmen, girls and boys. In 2020, access to health services was impacted globally\nby COVID-19. SRH service provision, as a critical service area, continued\nuninterrupted throughout the year while adjustments were made to facilitate\nsafe service provision. Nevertheless, several country operations saw a\ntemporary decline in the uptake of preventive services such as antenatal care.\nIntensive community engagement by refugee volunteers and health staff\ncontributed to building confidence in health services, leading to an overall\nincrease in the uptake of SRH services when compared to 2019.\n\n\n##### **112,130 92%**\n\nNumber of live births\n\n\n##### **112,130**\n\n\n##### **2020 112,130 92%**\n\nNumber of live births Percentage of deliveries\n##### 19 countries assisted by SBA\n\n\n\nIn 2020, 112,119 **live births** were reported from 159 refugee settlements in 19\ncountries, a similar level to 2019 (108,545 live births). The overall skilled birth\nattendance remained at similar levels (92.0% in 2020). Disparities remain\nbetween countries, with only 12 countries (63% of countries) achieving the\nminimum standard of more than 90% skilled birth attendance.\n\n\nThe overall uptake of antenatal care (ANC) services increased by 6 percent\nin comparison to 2019, a total of 489,452 consultations were provided in\ncomparison to 462,694 consultations in 2019. Similarly, the percentage of\nwomen who accessed at least four ANC visits increased from 69.6% in 2019\nto 73.1% in 2020, with three countries reaching a coverage of more than 90%.\nNearly three quarters of women (72.4%) attended the recommended three PNC\nvisits within 6 weeks compared to 64.1% in 2019.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "adapting delivery mechanisms for essential HIV services through community\nnetworks to prevent treatment disruption and ensure continued access to\ncondoms and lubricants.\n\n\nIn 2020 UNHCR supported HIV counselling and testing to more than 500,000\npeople. In addition over 150,000 pregnant women were tested for HIV and\nat least 14,526 persons were on antiretroviral treatment. HIV testing and\ncare services supported by UNHCR are accessible to refugees and host\ncommunities alike. For example in Uganda, more than 224,300 people were\nprovided with HIV counselling and testing, of which 37% were host community\nmembers. Operations focused on increasing the capacity of community health\nworkers to address key priorities including training in outreach for TB/HIV,\nimproving services for adolescents and young people, improving services for\nkey populations including sex workers, and improving retention in care. Key\npartners in both HIV and TB related activities included UNAIDS, the Global Fund\nfor HIV, TB and Malaria and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development.\n\n\nUNHCR supports services for the **clinical management of rape** and other forms\nof sexual violence. This includes the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis,\nemergency contraception and prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections for\nsurvivors; psychosocial support and mental health services; and referral for legal\nand protection services as well as for specialised care.\n\n\nWHO, UNFPA and UNHCR released [updated guidance](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331535/9789240001411-eng.pdf?ua=1) on the **clinical**\n**management of rape and intimate partner violence in 2019** . In 2020, the\nthree agencies continued collaboration in developing and rolling out capacity\nbuilding and sensitization on community awareness, a proactive approach to\nthe identification of rape survivors; comprehensive and timely clinical care of\nsurvivors and linkages with relevant services, particularly protection.\n\n\n**RAPE SURVIVORS WHO SOUGHT CARE**\n\n**WITHIN 72H PROVIDED WITH PEP**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Neonatal deaths** represent a significant proportion of deaths among children under\nthe age of five in UNHCR operations and maternal mortality continues to raise\nconcerns in most of the settings where UNHCR supports services. **Maternal deaths**\n**are reported and reviewed** in refugee operations and the overall mortality reporting\nsystem has been strengthened at facility and community level. Nonetheless, as in\nmany countries it is recognised that neonatal and maternal deaths are underreported\nin refugee settings. A detailed analysis of 83 maternal death reviews in refugee\ncamps in East and Horn of Africa revealed gaps in systematic, standardised reporting.\nIn response UNHCR updated the [Maternal Death Review Guidance. Capacity](https://www.unhcr.org/604f75224)\nstrengthening will continue in order to improve timeliness and quality of maternal\ndeath reviews and ultimately improve services. A three-year project supported by the\nBill and Melinda Gates Foundation which focuses on low-cost high-impact activities to\nreduce maternal and neonatal deaths is being implemented in Cameroon, Chad and\nNiger and learnings are shared with operations globally.\n\n\nCommunity engagement efforts were further strengthened in 2020 to contribute\nto trust building in health systems during COVID-19 and to enhance uptake of\nskilled birth attendance, antenatal and postnatal care. Community Health Workers\n(CHWs) engaged with women and men as well as community leaders to improve\nawareness, strengthen linkages between the community and health facilities\nand enhance health service utilisation. In several countries former traditional\nbirth attendants are engaged as agents of change and counsel and accompany\nwomen to health facilities for social support during labour.\n\n\nDuring 2020, UNHCR continued protection related activities relating to HIV\nglobally and supported specific HIV-related activities in more than 50 countries,\nincluding the focus on continuity of HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nThis included activities to protect refugees from exposure to COVID-19\n(the provision of multi-month refills of ART for people living with HIV); and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n20 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "22 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **3. NUTRITION**\n\n**Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) in 2020**\n\n\n##### **2020 79,971**\n\n\n##### **182,151**\n\nwith Moderate Acute\nMalnutrition (MAM) admitted\ninto treatment programmes [[[5].]](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-ph%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2F4c4ec5e598ce4ae4a731e274782ee7ea&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&hid=-5281&uiembed=1&uih=teams&hhdr=1&dchat=1&sc=%7B%22pmo%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fteams.microsoft.com%22%2C%22pmshare%22%3Atrue%2C%22surl%22%3A%22%22%2C%22curl%22%3A%22%22%2C%22vurl%22%3A%22%22%2C%22eurl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fteams.microsoft.com%2Ffiles%2Fapps%2Fcom.microsoft.teams.files%2Ffiles%2F2801001684%2Fopen%3Fagent%3Dpostmessage%26objectUrl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%252Fteams%252Fdrs-ph%252FShared%2520Documents%252FGeneral%252FReports%252FAnnual%2520PHS%2520Reports%252F2020%252FWORKING%2520DRAFT%2520Annual%2520PH%2520Global%2520Review_2020_Text%2520160221.docx%26fileId%3D4c4ec5e5-98ce-4ae4-a731-e274782ee7ea%26fileType%3Ddocx%26ctx%3Dsearch%26scenarioId%3D5281%26locale%3Den-us%26theme%3Ddefault%26version%3D21021008600%26setting%3Dring.id%3Ageneral%26setting%3DcreatedTime%3A1618468932966%22%7D&wdorigin=TEAMS-ELECTRON.teams.search&wdhostclicktime=1618468932846&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=b96c10a4-9248-4ca6-9ed7-0e9f59f5265a&usid=b96c10a4-9248-4ca6-9ed7-0e9f59f5265a&sftc=1&sams=1&accloop=1&sdr=6&scnd=1&hbcv=1&htv=1&hodflp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Medium&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftn5)\n\n\n##### 32 countries\n\n\n\nchildren 6-59 months with Severe\nAcute Malnutrition (SAM) admitted\ninto treatment programmes\n\n\n\nPromotion and advocacy for adequate nutrition throughout the life cycle and\neliminating all forms of malnutrition remained integral to UNHCR\u2019s nutrition\nprogramming. Most refugee operations were confronted with persistent multiple\nburdens of malnutrition as highlighted by the most recent nutrition surveys\nfrom 2019[1] in 77 refugee sites across 13 countries. Of the 77 sites (61%) met\nthe GAM standards of < 10%, (26%) had a GAM prevalence 10-15% indicating a\nserious situation and the rest (13%) were above the emergency threshold of \u2265\n15% indicating a critical situation. Stunting amongst children aged 6 -59 months\nremained of concern. Only (12%) of the sites had an acceptable level of (<10%), and\n12% a medium level of stunting, 27% of the sites recorded high levels and the rest\n(49%) had stunting prevalence above the critical level of \u226530%. Anaemia in children\n6 - 59 months old \u2013 a measure of iron deficiency and general micronutrient status\n\n - only met the standard of <20% in (6%) of the sites, 25% of the sites had medium\nlevel anaemia levels and the rest (68%) had critical level of \u2265 40%.\n\n\nGAM* STUNTING*\n\n\n77 sites GAM children 6-59 months 77 sites Stunting children 6-59 months\n\n61% met GAM standard of less than 10% 12% were <10% = acceptable\n\n26% had GAM of 10-15% = serious 12% medium level of stunting\n\n13% were above 15% = critical 27% high levels of stunting\n\n49% critical levels of stunting\n\n*2019 data\n\n\nANAEMIA*\n\n77 sites Children 6-59 months\n\n6% met standard\n\n25% medium levels of anaemia\n\n68% critical levels\n\n\nThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in mobility restrictions in\nmost operations. As a result, in collaboration with other key partners including\nWFP and UNICEF, the delivery of nutrition programs was reviewed to ensure\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Infection prevention and control and improved hygiene practices were\nintegrated in nutrition service delivery, including Community Management of\nAcute Malnutrition (CMAM), Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) support and\npromotion and blanket supplementary feeding.[2] In addition, adaptations were\nmade in the delivery of nutrition services to reduce gatherings at clinics and\nfrequency of face-to-face consultations.\n\n\nTo ensure continuity of the treatment of acute malnutrition under the CMAM\nprogram the following measures were adopted:\n\n\n\u22b2 The frequency of house-to-house community health workers screening\n\nincreased (9 countries 51 operations)[3] to maintain community screening\nand case finding.\n\n\n\u22b2 Additional community avenues for malnutrition screening included the use\n\nof Mother to Mother Support Groups and the training and adoption of a\nfamily-MUAC approach (8 countries (44 operations)[4].\n\n\n\u22b2 MUAC tapes were disinfected after every use.\n\n\n\u22b2 At the facility level modified/simplified treatment protocols were used\n\nincluding reduced frequency of follow-up appointments and the number\nof children visiting the nutrition clinics at one time\n\n\n - Outpatient Therapeutic feeding (from once a week to every two\nweeks) and\n\n\n - Targeted supplementary feeding from biweekly to monthly.\n\n\n\u22b2 Treatment protocols were modified with most operations adopting the\n\nuse of MUAC-only admission and discharge criteria while some used a\ncombined severe and moderate acute malnutrition protocol with Ready to\nUse Therapeutic Food (RUTF) being used for both.\n\n\n\u22b2 Some operations used community health workers to deliver treatment\n\nof uncomplicated acute malnutrition using low literacy tools to facilitate\ntheir work.\n\n\nBlanket supplementary feeding programmes (BSFP) helped bridge the nutrition\ngap experienced by children, women, or other populations with additional\nnutritional needs including persons living with HIV and/or TB. BSFP remained\nessential to confront the increased risk of food insecurity and reduced access\nto acute malnutrition services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight out of\nthe 13 surveyed countries[6] implemented BSFP covering different populations,\nfor example, persons living with TB and/or HIV ranging from children aged 6-23\nmonths to 6-59 months, pregnant and lactating women, and older people.\n\n\nTo allow continuation of BSFP service in the COVID-19 context:\n\n\n\u22b2 increased supplies were prepositioned,\n\n\n\u22b2 more distribution days were scheduled,\n\n\n\u22b2 two months of rations were provided instead of one.\n\n\nDistributions were thus less crowded and less frequent.\n\n\n\nOptimal IYCF promotes child survival, growth and development. IYCF continued\nto be strengthened in 2020. COVID-19 adapted IYCF information, education\nand communication was put in place. UNHCR, including in southern Chad,\nwestern Rwanda and South Sudan, explored innovative ways to deliver services\nto communities (remote IYCF counseling via radio or telephone and utilizing\npractical communication platforms (such as broadcasted text messages).\nSupport and counselling was provided to mothers with suspected or confirmed\nCOVID-19 on the recommended feeding practices and infection prevention\n(respiratory hygiene practices during breastfeeding, importance of exclusive\nbreastfeeding, and mental health support ). The implementation of the IYCF\nmultisectoral framework for action in the COVID-19 context was followed up\nand documentation of the delivery experiences done in Ethiopia, Uganda and\nBangladesh (three of the six countries where the framework has been rolled\nout). The Framework aims to optimise conditions for IYCF-sensitive interventions\nin refugee settings. Lessons from the review in the three countries resulted in an\nIYCF program COVID-19 adaptations brief.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n26 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**End notes**\n\n\n[1] 2019 SENS\n\n\n[2] UNHCR Operations\u2019 Adaptations of Nutrition and Food Security Programmes\nin the COVID-19 context report\n\n\n[3] Chad, DRC, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda, Zambia\n\n\n[4] Algeria, Bangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda\n\n\n[5] HIS report (19 countries); GHRP report (additional 13 countries)\n\n\n[6] Bangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda\n\n\n28 2020 Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nPublic Health Section\nDivision of Resilience and Solutions\nRue de Montbrillant 94 CH-1201\nGeneve Switzerland\n\n\nT: +41 22 739 8433 F: +41 22 739 7344\n[E-mail: hqphn@unhcr.org](mailto:hqphn@unhcr.org)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\nThe boundaries shown on the maps do not imply\nofficial endorsement or acceptance by the United\nNations.\n\n\nCover photo: \u00a9 UNHCR/Jerry de Mars\n\n\nUNHCR \u00a9 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/02d0f699-fe5c-3ab0-8f9e-b7ba21c3eb83/60dc89e24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_142/raw/doc_142_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_142/raw/doc_142_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2a4f20a53cc6e01d7745d5e7a720a1dc9d2024a8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_142/raw/doc_142_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,455 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DEVELOPING\nCOUNTRIES HOSTED\n#### **85%**\n\n\n\nMILLION IN\nREFUGEES HOSTED ARE DISPLACED\n\n\n\nIN TURKEY\n\n\n\nIN\nARE DISPLACED\n\n\n\nRelative to their national populations, [5]\nthe island of Aruba hosted the largest\nnumber of Venezuelans displaced\nabroad (1 in 6) while Lebanon hosted\nthe largest number of refugees (1 in 8), [6]\nfollowed by Cura\u00e7ao (1 in 10), Jordan\n(1 in 14) and Turkey (1 in 23). [7]\n\n\n\nDeveloping countries hosted 85 per\ncent of the world\u2019s refugees and\nVenezuelans displaced abroad. The\nLeast Developed Countries provided\nasylum to 27 per cent of the total.\n#### **73%**\n\nLIVED IN NEIGHBOURING\n\nCOUNTRIES\n\n\n\nTurkey hosted 3.7 million refugees,\nthe largest population worldwide.\nColombia was second with more than\n1.7 million, including Venezuelans\ndisplaced abroad, followed by Uganda\n(1.5 million), Pakistan (1.4 million)\nand Germany (1.2 million).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n73 per cent of refugees and\nVenezuelans displaced abroad lived\n\ncountries of origin.\n#### **68%**\nORIGINATED FROM JUST\n\n\n\nMore than two thirds (68 per cent) of all\nrefugees and Venezuelans displaced\nabroad [8] came from just five countries:\n\n\n\nMILLION\n#### **5.7**\nVENEZUELAN REFUGEES\n\n\n#### **16,300**\n\n\n\nRESETTLED\n\n\n\nFIVE COUNTRIES\n\n\n\nAND MIGRANTS\n\n\n\nREFUGEES WERE\n\n\n\nThis figure includes Venezuelan\nrefugees, migrants and asylumseekers reported through the\nCoordination Platform for Refugees\nand Migrants from Venezuela. [4]\n#### **555,400**\n\nNEW ASYLUM CLAIMS\n\n\nAsylum-seekers submitted 555,400\nnew claims. The United States of\nAmerica was the world\u2019s largest\nrecipient of new individual applications\n(72,900), followed by Germany\n(58,900), Mexico (51,700), the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n(46,200) and France (36,500).\n\n\n\n16,300 refugees were resettled in\nthe first six months of 2021, a further\ndecrease from the 17,400 and 28,700\nin the same periods of 2020 and\n2019 respectively, according to\ngovernment statistics.\n\n\nMILLION\n#### **1.1**\nDISPLACED PEOPLE\n\nRETURNED\n\n\n1.1 million displaced people returned to\ntheir areas or countries of origin in the\nfirst half of 2021, including 936,400\ninternally displaced people and\n126,700 refugees.\n\n\n\n**1** The numbers contained in this report are rounded\n\nto millions, thousands or hundreds depending on\nthe context and the rounded numbers may not\nsum to the correct absolute figure.\n\n**2** This number excludes Venezuelan asylum\nseekers and refugees.\n\n**3** Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.\n\n**4** See the [Coordination Platform for Refugees and](https://www.r4v.info)\n\n[Migrants from Venezuela R4V.](https://www.r4v.info)\n\n**5** Limited to countries hosting at least 10,000\n\npeople. Excludes Palestine refugees under\nUNRWA's mandate.\n\n**6** When the 481,000 Palestinian refugees\n\nregistered with UNRWA living in Lebanon are\nincluded, this proportion increases to one in five.\n\n**7** In addition, Lebanon hosted 481,000 and Jordan\n\n2.3 million Palestine refugees under UNRWA\u2019s\nmandate.\n\n**8** This is the number of Venezuelan refugees and\n\nVenezuelans displaced abroad.\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Finding Solutions\n\n\n6 Stateless people\n\n\n\n1 Introduction\n\n\n2 Refugees\n\n\n\n3 Internally Displaced People\n\n\n4 Asylum-seekers\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 1\n\n\n\n\n\nFor nine consecutive years, persecution, conflict,\nviolence, human rights violations and events seriously\ndisturbing public order have fuelled an increase in\nthe number of forcibly displaced people worldwide,\na figure that stood at 82.4 million at the end of 2020.\nThis worrisome trend has continued well into 2021.\nSix months into the year, the number of refugees\nunder UNHCR\u2019s mandate had surpassed 20.8 million\n(an increase of 172,000), while the number of asylumseekers had climbed to 4.4 million (an increase of\n237,000). Although comparable figures for internal\ndisplacement are not yet available, based on the\ninformation at hand UNHCR estimates that global\nforced displacement likely exceeded 84 million by\nmid-2021. [9]\n\n\n\nIn the first half of 2021, many countries around the\nworld slowly returned to some sense of normality\nafter the tumultuous COVID-19-related events of\nthe previous year. The transition by governments\nfrom attempting to contain the spread of COVID-19\nto living with it was made possible primarily by the\nrollout of vaccination programmes. With \u201cthe global\nvaccination campaign representing the greatest moral\ntest of our times\u201d, as noted by UN Secretary-General\nAnt\u00f3nio Guterres, [10] it is encouraging that almost all\ncountries have included refugees, asylum-seekers\nand others in need of international protection in their\nnational COVID-19 vaccination plans. [11] Nevertheless,\na substantial vaccine equity gap exists between\nwealthier and low resource countries. For every\n100 people in high-income countries, 133 doses of\nCOVID-19 vaccine have been administered, while in\n\n\n\n**9** A complete overview of global forced displacement in 2021 will be presented in UNHCR\u2019s Global Trends report, to be released in June 2022.\n**10** See the [11 March statement by the UN Secretary-General on the COVID-19 pandemic](https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2021-03-11/statement-the-secretary-general-the-covid-19-pandemic-one-year)\n**11** 99 per cent of the 160 countries that responded reported including refugees and/or others of concern in their national COVID-19 vaccination\n\nplans. See the [Multi-sectoral monitoring summary.](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/COVID-19%20Multisectoral%20Monitoring_2021%20MIDYEAR%20RESULTS.pdf)\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 1\n\n\nlow-income countries, only 4 doses per 100 people\nhave been administered. [12] Resources are therefore\nstill needed for immunization-related activities and to\nensure last mile vaccine delivery.\n\n\nInternational protection and access to asylum\ncontinue to be life saving for many, and by mid-2021,\nasylum-seekers were able to access 117 countries, up\nfrom 108 at the start of the year and just 84 in mid2020. [13] Most of the countries that remained closed\nin mid-2021 had at least introduced some adaptive\nelements, albeit to varying degrees, rather than keep\ntheir asylum systems completely closed. However,\nhealth-related border and travel restrictions remained\nin effect in many locations, as States experienced their\nsecond or third waves of COVID-19 and continued to\nlimit access to asylum.\n\n\nConsequently, there were 555,400 new individual\nasylum applications in the first half of 2021, a\nslight increase compared to the same period in the\nprevious year, but still well below pre-pandemic\nlevels in 2019. The number of new refugee arrivals\nrecognized on a group basis dropped to 144,700, 20\nper cent lower than the comparable period in 2020,\nalso suggesting that restrictions related to COVID-19\nare still having a large impact on access to asylum\nand access to territory.\n\n\nDurable solutions for forcibly displaced populations\nremained in short supply due to unresolved and\nescalating conflicts in many countries of origin, as\nwell as the continuing restrictions on movement in\n\n\n\nresponse to COVID-19 during the first six months of\n2021. While the number of returnees did increase\ncompared to the same period of 2020 (both refugees\nand internally displaced people - IDPs), it remained\nwell below pre-COVID-19 levels during the same\nperiod of 2019. An estimated 936,000 IDPs were\nable to return to their places of habitual residence\nduring the reporting period, compared to just 126,700\nrefugee returns. The number of refugees resettled to\nthird countries, as reported by governments, dropped\nto just 16,300 in the first six months of 2021. Threequarters of them were assisted by UNHCR to depart.\n\n\nThe number of active conflicts reached a record high\nin 2020, more than at any time since 1945, despite\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and calls from the UN for\na global ceasefire. [14] In early 2021, consistent with\n2020, most armed conflicts remained internal in their\nessence. Yet many of these situations have become\nincreasingly internationalized, with interventions from\na growing number of regional and global powers.\n\n\nMore than 4.3 million new internal displacements\nwere recorded in the first six months of 2021 in the\n33 countries where UNHCR is engaged in situations\nof internal displacement. [15] This is a sharp increase\nfrom the same period of the previous year and higher\nthan pre-COVID-19 levels. Intensifying violence led\nto significant new displacements in Afghanistan,\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia,\nMozambique, Myanmar, South Sudan and countries\nin the Sahel region, [16] among other locations.\n\n\n\n**12** See [Open letter to G20 Heads of State and Government - UNHCR, IOM & WHO](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/10/617bffc64/open-letter-g20-heads-state-government.html)\n**13** See [UNHCR\u2019s COVID-19 Protection Issues dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/apps/df148c2f-8a5e-4432-bdad-4e3d9b3e06fd/reports/7f5d3367-a2ee-46d0-ac13-605607354a73/ReportSection)\n**14** See [The Armed Conflict Survey 2021](https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2021/09/acs-2021-introduction)\n**15** UNHCR protects or assists internally displaced people in 33 countries. The total new displacement is therefore likely to underestimate internal\n\ndisplacement globally.\n**16** Significant increases were recorded in Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali and Niger.\n\n\n\n2 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Map 1 **| New displacements | January-June 2021**\n\n\nMany people in countries facing increases in internal\ndisplacement in the first half of 2021 are struggling to\nfeed their families. [17] In these 18 countries, at least 1 in 9\ninhabitants were already in crisis or worse (Phase 3 or\nabove in the IPC acute food insecurity classification)\nat the end of 2020, with the food security forecast\nexpected to deteriorate further by the end of 2021\nin at least two-thirds of these countries. The most\nvulnerable in these societies, including internally\ndisplaced people, are often disproportionately\naffected. COVID-19 has exacerbated these existing\nfood insecurities. Globally, it is estimated about 30\nmillion more people may be facing hunger in 2030\n\n\n**17** See [2021 Global Report on Food Crises](https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC%202021%20050521%20med.pdf)\n**18** See [The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, 2021](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/SOFI2021_InBrief_English-1.pdf)\n\n\n\nChapter 1\n\n\nthan if the pandemic had not occurred, due primarily\nto greater inequality in access to food. [18]\n\n\nThis report provides a snapshot of displacement and\nsolutions trends in the first half of 2021. The figures\npresented here were collected from governments and\nUNHCR offices around the world and supplemented,\nwhere needed, with data from non-governmental\norganizations. Unless otherwise specified, figures\nrelate solely to events occurring up to 30 June\n2021. The statistics included in this report should be\nconsidered provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHAPTER 2\n\n\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO.** _Following clashes_\n_between government forces and armed groups,_\n_this orphaned four-year-old was forced to flee the_\n_Central African Republic with his grandmother._\n_Without any source of livelihood, and insufficient_\n_emergency assistance, the family can barely afford_\n_one meal a day. Hundreds of Central African_\n_refugee children have been detected with various_\n_forms of acute malnutrition._\n\n**\u00a9 UNHCR/CLARIS NEH MOKOM ACHU**\n\n\n4 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The number of refugees [19] globally continued to\nincrease during the first six months of 2021, reaching\n20.8 million, 172,000 more than at the end of 2020. In\naddition, there were 3.9 million Venezuelans displaced\nabroad at mid-2021, an increase of 82,000 from end2020. Unless otherwise stated, all references to\n\u201cpeople displaced across borders\u201d in this document\nrefer to both of these populations.\n\n##### **New recognition of refugees**\n\n\nDuring the first six months of 2021, nearly 385,000\npeople were granted international protection either\non an individual (240,200) or group (144,700) basis.\nThis is broadly consistent with the same period in\n2020 (398,500).\n\n\nMore than half of all new recognitions were from\njust five countries. More than 71,800 people fled\nthe Central African Republic, where large scale\nelection-related violence erupted at the end of 2020.\nFighting between state forces and armed groups also\ncontinues, notably in the northwest of the country. In\nSouth Sudan, the 2018 peace agreement has resulted\nin reduced hostilities among the main conflicting\nparties, but intercommunal violence has continued\nto increase and is largely driven by competition\nover dwindling resources and recurring cattle theft.\n\n\n\nChapter 2\n\n###### + EXPLORE THE DATA\n\n[+ By origin](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=kMk85i)\n[and asylum](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=kMk85i)\n\n\nAs such, 61,700 people from South Sudan became\nrefugees in the first half of 2021. Significant numbers\nof people from Syria (38,800), Afghanistan (25,200)\nand Nigeria (20,300) were newly recognized as\nrefugees during the first six months of 2021.\n\nIn addition, in the same period there were 92,100\nnewly displaced Venezuelans in Latin America and\nthe Caribbean. A further 16,100 Venezuelans were\nindividually recognized. [20]\n\n##### **By country of origin**\n\n\nAs in previous years, more than eight out of ten people\ndisplaced across borders (82 per cent) originated\nfrom just ten countries of origin, and these remained\nvirtually unchanged since end-2020 (see Figure 1).\nMore than a quarter of all people displaced were from\nSyria (27 per cent), which continues to account for the\nworld\u2019s largest refugee population. Nearly 6.8 million\nSyrian refugees were hosted by 129 countries. Turkey\ncontinued to host more than half of Syrian refugees\n(3.7 million). Other countries with large populations\nof Syrian refugees were Lebanon (851,700), Jordan\n(668,300), Germany (616,300) and Iraq (246,000).\n\n\n\n**19** Includes people in refugee-like situations.\n**20** This includes in Spain, where some 8,600 Venezuelans were protected under a special humanitarian regime in the first half of 2021.\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 2\n\n\nFigure 1 **| People displaced across borders by country of origin | mid-2021**\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)\n\nAfghanistan\n\nSouth Sudan\n\nMyanmar\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\nSudan\n\nSomalia\n\nCentral African Republic\n\nEritrea\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuelans \u2013 with 186,800 refugees and a further\n3.9 million Venezuelans displaced abroad \u2013 were\nthe second largest group of people displaced across\nborders. They were seeking refuge in 62 countries\nglobally, although more than 92 per cent of them\nremained in Latin America and the Caribbean,\nincluding Colombia (1.7 million), Peru (518,400), Chile\n(483,400) and Ecuador (447,100).\n\nMounting insecurity in Afghanistan during the first half\nof 2021 forced many Afghans to flee. More than 2.6\nmillion Afghan refugees were living in 97 countries\nat mid-year, making Afghanistan the third largest\ncountry of origin for refugees. Some 85 per cent\nof Afghan refugees were hosted by neighbouring\nPakistan (1.4 million) and the Islamic Republic of Iran\n(780,000). Germany hosted 152,700 Afghan refugees\n\n\n\nat mid-year, which is about 6 per cent of the global\nAfghan refugee population.\n\n##### **By country of asylum**\n\n\nMore than half of all people displaced across borders\nwere hosted by just ten countries (see Figure 2),\nwhich have remained broadly consistent in recent\nyears. Many of these countries hosted large groups\nof refugees from just one or two countries of origin.\nAt mid-2021, Turkey hosted some 3.7 million Syrians,\nColombia hosted 1.7 million Venezuelans, and Uganda\nhosted 923,500 South Sudanese and 429,500\nCongolese refugees, while Pakistan hosted over 1.4\nmillion Afghans. Germany provided asylum to 1.2\nmillion refugees, including 616,300 Syrians, 152,700\nAfghans and 147,400 Iraqis.\n\n\n\nFigure 2 **| People displaced across borders by host country | mid-2021**\n\n\nTurkey\n\n\n\n3,696,800\n\n\n\nColombia\n\nUganda\n\nPakistan\n\nGermany\n\nSudan\n\nBangladesh\n\nLebanon\n\nIran (Islamic Republic of)\n\nEthiopia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 2\n\n\n\n**Key facts for countries hosting the world\u2019s refugees and Venezuelans displaced abroad | Mid-2021**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|73 per cent hosted by
neighbouring countries|Most people fleeing conflict and persecution prefer to remain in close
proximity to their country or region of origin. The statistical evidence
shows that nearly three-quarters of people displaced across borders
stay in neighbouring countries.|\n|---|---|\n|**85 per cent are hosted by**
**developing countries**21|Developing countries continued to shoulder a disproportionately large
responsibility for hosting displaced populations.|\n|**83 per cent are hosted by lower-**
**and middle-income countries**|According to World Bank classifcation,22 high-income countries host
just 17 per cent of people displaced across borders. Upper-middle
income countries \u2013 including Turkey, Colombia, the Islamic Republic
of Iran, Lebanon and Jordan \u2013 hosted 43 per cent of people displaced
across borders. A further 18 per cent were hosted by lower-middle-
income countries and 22 per cent by low-income countries.|\n|**27 per cent are hosted by the**
**Least Developed Countries**23|The Least Developed Countries \u2013 including Bangladesh, Chad, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Sudan,
Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Yemen \u2013 were
home to 14 per cent of the world\u2019s population. Accounting for just
1.3 per cent of the global Gross Domestic Product,24 they had the
least amount of resources available to meet the needs of those
seeking refuge. Yet together they hosted 6.8 million refugees.|\n\n\n\nMap 2 **| Refugees, people in refugee-like situations and Venezuelans displaced abroad | mid-2021**\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\n**21** See [UN Statistical Division's Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49) for a list of countries included under each region.](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/)\n**22** See [World Bank Country and Lending Groups](https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups)\n**23** See [UN Statistical Division's Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49) for a list of Least Developed Countries.](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/)\n**24** Source World Bank GDP data\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Bank GDP data", - "confidence": 0.7979313731193542, - "start": 509, - "end": 513 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UN Statistical Division", - "confidence": 0.7043229937553406, - "start": 476, - "end": 479 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.5142913460731506, - "start": 460, - "end": 462 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8422765135765076, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Least Developed Countries", - "confidence": 0.779310941696167, - "start": 496, - "end": 499 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 2\n\n\n**ETHIOPIA.** _Internally displaced women and_\n_children gather in the Afar region in Ethiopia._\n_Thousands of civilians have been killed, injured_\n_or subjected to gender-based violence as_\n_a result of the conflict in the Tigray region._\n_The vast majority of those internally displaced_\n_within the country are women and children._\n\n**\u00a9 UNHCR/ALESSANDRO PASTA**\n\n\n8 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 3\n\n###### + EXPLORE THE DATA\n\n[+ By origin](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=98ljJV)\n\n[+ IDP returns](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=72ZK7g)\n\n## **People**\n\n\n\nIn the first half of 2021, millions more people were\nforced to flee their homes due to armed conflicts,\ngeneralized violence or human rights violations. Many\nof them faced additional challenges due to COVID-19,\ndisasters, extreme weather and other effects of\nclimate change. UNHCR continues to respond to\nsituations of internal displacement in 33 countries,\nand by mid-2021 the number of internally displaced\n\n\n\npeople (IDPs) due to conflict and violence had risen\nto nearly 50.9 million (see Figure 3), almost 5 per\ncent more than the 48.6 million reported at the end of\n2020. More than 4.3 million new displacements were\nreported by 18 countries (see Figure 4), 50 per cent\nmore than the estimated 2.9 million people displaced\nduring the same period in the previous year.\n\n\n\nFigure 3 **| Countries with the largest number of new internal displacements | January\u2013June 2021**\n\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\nEthiopia\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nMyanmar\n\n\nCentral African Republic\n\n\nSouth Sudan\n\n\nNigeria\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nMozambique\n\n\nBurkina Faso\n\n\n\n\n\n1,308,500\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 3\n\n\nFigure 4 **| IDPs of concern to UNHCR | 2010 \u2013 mid-2021**\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 mid-2021\n\n\n\nConsistent with 2020, Africa witnessed the most\nnew internal displacements as conflict and violence\nflared in several countries across the continent.\nSome 1.3 million new displacements were recorded\nin the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In Ethiopia,\nconflict in the Tigray region and increasing insecurity\nin other parts of the country triggered more than 1.2\nmillion new displacements. In Mozambique\u2019s northern\nprovince of Cabo Delgado, conflict continued\nunabated, uprooting just over 120,000 people, with\na significant escalation of violence in Palma town in\nlate March. A crisis of governance and instability in\nrural areas of Burkina Faso linked to the presence\nof armed insurgents has impacted the protection\nof civilians, further fuelling the fastest growing\ninternal displacement crisis, with almost 120,000\nnew displacements in the first six months of 2021. In\naddition, large new displacements occurred in the\nCentral African Republic, South Sudan and Nigeria\n(202,000, 170,000 and 165,000 respectively). [25]\n\n\n\nInternal displacement also surged in the Asia-Pacific\nregion, particularly in Afghanistan and Myanmar.\nIn February, the military coup in Myanmar ignited\nwidespread violence, bringing the total number of\ninternally displaced people to an estimated 567,000,\n54 per cent higher than the 370,000 at the end of 2020.\nIn May, as drawdowns of foreign forces in Afghanistan\ncontinued, the Taliban launched a major offensive in\nnearly all provinces in the country, sparking a sharp\nincrease in new internal displacements.\n\n\nIn the Middle East and North Africa, some 144,000\nnew internal displacements were reported in Syria.\nIn Yemen, 41,000 new displacements occurred, with\nApril\u2019s heavy rains and flooding in several parts of the\ncountry affecting some 7,000 people, 75 per cent of\nwhom were IDPs living in sub-standard conditions. [26]\n\n\n\n**25** See the refugee chapter on page 5 for background on the new displacements in the Central African Republic and South Sudan. In Nigeria, new\n\ndisplacements were primarily due to the fragile security situation in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (the BAY States).\n**26** OCHA Yemen (2021). [Humanitarian Update, Issue 5](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Humanitarian%20Update_May%202021%20v4.pdf)\n\n\n\n10 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 5 **| IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR | mid-2021 (in millions)**\n\n\nColombia\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\n\n\n\nChapter 3\n\n\n8.1\n\n\n\n\n\nYemen\n\nEthiopia\n\nAfghanistan\n\nSomalia\n\nNigeria\n\nSudan\n\nSouth Sudan\n\n##### **Path to solutions**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the first six months of 2021, an estimated 936,000\nIDP returnees were reported in 13 countries, a 48 per\ncent increase compared to the same period in 2020,\nalthough well below pre-COVID-19 levels. More than\n40 per cent of these returns, some 395,000, were\nreported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nwith many people returning home soon after the\nvolcanic eruption in North Kivu in May. Large numbers\nof returns were also reported in the Central African\nRepublic (168,000) and the Philippines (132,000).\n\n\n\nPursuing voluntary, safe and dignified solutions for\nmillions of IDPs remains a critical priority for UNHCR.\nThis includes supporting law and policy making\nprocesses that reduce needs due to displacement\nand help IDPs enjoy their rights without discrimination.\nIn Somalia, UNHCR supported the development of a\nnational durable solutions strategy, representing an\nimportant milestone in finding solutions for many IDPs\nexperiencing protracted displacement in the country.\nIn Mozambique, in collaboration with partners, UNHCR\nsupported the government in developing a Policy\nand Strategy on Displacement Management that\naddresses all causes and all phases of displacement,\nfrom prevention through to durable solutions.\n\n\n\nMap 3 **| IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR | mid-2021**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHAPTER 4\n\n\n\n\n\n12 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 4\n\n###### + EXPLORE THE DATA\n\n[+ Asylum](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=UzAr5Z)\n[applications](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=UzAr5Z)\n\n[+ Asylum](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=B2FlDt)\n[decisions](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=B2FlDt)\n\n[+ Pending asylum](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=lQ26Lh)\n[applications](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=lQ26Lh)\nat mid-2021\n\n\n\nThe total number of new individual asylum applications\nlodged globally with States or UNHCR during the\nfirst half of 2021 was 555,400 (see Figure 6), a slight\nincrease from the same period in the previous year\n(554,000). This figure is still significantly below the\npre-COVID-19 levels in 2019 (862,300). There was a\nmuch larger increase in the countries where UNHCR\nconducts Refugee Status Determination (RSD) under\nits mandate. In these locations, the number of new\nindividual asylum applications grew by almost one\n\n\nthird (31 per cent) to 35,000, [27] whereas in countries\nwhere the Government conducts RSD the number of\nnew individual asylum applications dropped marginally\nto 520,100. There was also a large decrease in the\nnumber of new arrivals recognized on a group basis to\n144,700, 20 per cent lower than the comparable period\nin 2020, suggesting that COVID-related restrictions\nare still having a large impact on access to asylum and\naccess to territory (see Figure 7).\n\n\n\nFigure 6 **| Major source countries of new asylum applications | January\u2013June 2021**\n\n\nCentral African Republic\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\nVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHonduras\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\nHaiti\n\nNicaragua\n\n\nGuatemala\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|4
45,8
39,300
0|7,700
00|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n||||33,90
31,200
900|33,90
31,200
900|33,90
31,200
900|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||25,
600
0

|25,
600
0

|25,
600
0

|25,
600
0

|\n|||||||\n||16,
14,60
13,400
13,300|16,
14,60
13,400
13,300|16,
14,60
13,400
13,300|16,
14,60
13,400
13,300|16,
14,60
13,400
13,300|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n**27** It should be noted, however, that as per the discussion in the [2020 Global Trends Report](https://www.unhcr.org/60b638e37/unhcr-global-trends-2020) on strategic use of RSD in mandate RSD procedures,\n\napproximately 20 per cent of these applications to UNHCR mandate procedures may not be in need of RSD processing.\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum applications", - "confidence": 0.5205936431884766, - "start": 54, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.652273952960968, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9079872369766235, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2020 Global Trends Report", - "confidence": 0.8273525834083557, - "start": 710, - "end": 714 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6419224739074707, - "start": 713, - "end": 714 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8523394465446472, - "start": 735, - "end": 736 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6841867566108704, - "start": 711, - "end": 712 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.88485187292099, - "start": 710, - "end": 711 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9990680813789368, - "start": 751, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.845318078994751, - "start": 753, - "end": 754 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9194414615631104, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8233229517936707, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 4\n\n\nOverall, the total number of individual applications\nduring the first six months of 2021 was 708,800, an\nincrease of 4 per cent from the 679,300 applications\nthe year before, as repeat and appeal applications\n\n\n\ncontinue to increase. As individuals making these\napplications would already be in the asylum\ncountry, COVID-19 restrictions have less impact on\nsuch applications.\n\n\n\nFigure 7 **| Type of recognition by country of asylum | January\u2013June 2021**\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nSudan\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\nUganda\n\n\nChad\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nCanada\n\n\nCameroon\n\n\nMexico\n\n\nOthers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe substantive number of asylum cases processed [28]\nalso rose in the first six months of 2021, reaching\n509,200, five per cent more than during the same\nperiod in 2020. [29] In some countries, it was not possible\nto conduct interviews during the initial stages of\nCOVID-19 in 2020 due to lockdowns, so emphasis\nwas placed on processing already interviewed cases,\nleading to increased decision-making in the short\nterm, at the expense of commencing processing of\nnew cases. For example, in countries where UNHCR\nconducts RSD under its mandate, the overall number\nof substantive decisions made in the first six months\nof 2021 decreased by 44 per cent to 12,300. This was\nlargely due to the suspension of new interviews in\nEgypt for three months in early 2020, which yielded\nmore decisions. Other UNHCR operations, such as\nMauritania, reached more substantive decisions in\nthe first half of 2021 \u2013 up from 650 to 1,700.\n\n\n\nIn countries where national governments conduct RSD,\nthere was a net increase in the number of substantive\ndecisions. Some countries decided significantly\nmore cases, including Austria, Belgium, and Canada.\nEspecially noteworthy was France, where the number\nof substantive decisions increased by 77 per cent,\nfrom 53,500 in the first six months of 2020 to 95,000\nin the first half of 2021. Conversely, other countries,\nsuch as Greece, Australia and the United States of\nAmerica produced fewer substantive decisions in\n2021. It is not clear whether these decreases resulted\nfrom changing caseload dynamics, COVID-related\nchallenges, realigned priorities or other factors.\n\n\nThe Total Protection Rate, or TPR, is the percentage\nof substantive decisions that resulted in any form of\ninternational protection. Worldwide, this figure stood\nat 46 per cent in the first six months of 2021, consistent\nwith the previous year.\n\n\n\n**28** Substantive decisions include Convention status, complementary and other forms of protection, and rejected cases. Non-substantive decisions\n\nare the closure of a case without a decision on the merits. For example, from the death of the applicant, no-show for interview, withdrawal of the\napplication, abandonment of the claim, or the determination that another country is responsible for the claim, among other factors.\n**29** In addition, 215,800 non-substantive decisions were recorded in the first six months of 2021.\n\n\n\n14 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the first six months of 2021, asylum applications\nwere most commonly lodged by nationals from\nSyria, Afghanistan, the Central African Republic,\nVenezuela and Honduras. This was quite similar\nto the first half of 2020, except for the rapid rise in\nasylum-seekers from the Central African Republic,\nwho lodged 47,800 applications between January\nand June 2021 (mostly in DRC: 45,900), compared\nto 1,700 in the first half of 2020.\n\n\nAt the end of June 2021, the number of pending\nindividual asylum applications of all types stood at\n4.4 million, nearly 7 per cent more than the 4.1 million\n\n\n\nChapter 4\n\n\npending at the end of 2020. This trend is concerning,\nas lengthy backlogs heighten the risk that individuals\nwith international protection needs will not be able\nto access protection and solutions in a timely and\neffective manner. If backlogs become protracted\nand asylum-seekers wait multiple years for a final\ndetermination of their claims without meaningful\naccess to rights or certainty about their future, there\nwill be negative consequences for everyone, including\nerosion of public confidence in the system, increased\ncosts, and difficulties in returning rejected applicants.\n\n\n\nMap 4 **| Asylum-seekers (with pending cases) | mid-2021**\n\n\nA country is named if it features among the five largest per population group.\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHAPTER 5\n\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN.** _Displaced families return_\n_home to the Upper Nile State with help_\n_from UNHCR. Conflict broke out in South_\n_Sudan in late 2013, resulting in a cycle of_\n_inter-communal conflict and a humanitarian_\n_crisis. Efforts to implement the national_\n_peace process have encouraged some_\n_375,000 South Sudanese refugees to_\n_return voluntarily since November 2017_\n_and a further 1.6 million internally displaced_\n_people have also returned home._\n\n**\u00a9 UNHCR/IGOR IATLUK**\n\n\n16 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 5\n\n###### + EXPLORE THE DATA\n\n[+ Refugee returns](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=Uw6qYQ)\n\n[+ Resettlement](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=vg13xD)\narrivals\n\n[+ Naturalisation](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=oRm071)\n\n[+ IDP returns](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=72ZK7g)\n\n\n\nIdentifying and supporting durable solutions that\nenable refugees to rebuild their lives and to live in\nsafety and dignity is a strategic priority for UNHCR\nand the humanitarian community, as emphasized\nin the Global Compact on Refugees. Traditionally,\ndurable solutions include voluntary repatriation,\nlocal integration and resettlement to a third country.\nHowever, as has been the case for several years,\nonly a small fraction of displaced populations were\nable to find a safe and lasting solution in the first\nhalf of 2021.\n\n\n##### **Returns**\n\nReturning home in safety and dignity based on a free\nand informed choice remains the preferred solution for\nmost of the world\u2019s refugees. In the first half of 2021, an\nestimated 126,700 refugees returned to 23 countries of\norigin from 41 countries of asylum (see Figure 8). Some\nof these returns were facilitated by UNHCR and its\npartners, while others were self-organized. While this\nmarks a 23 per cent increase from the same period in\n2020 (102,600), the number of returns remains slightly\nbelow the pre-pandemic levels in 2019 (131,000).\n\n\n\nFigure 8 **| Refugee returns by country of origin | mid-2021**\n\n\nSouth Sudan\n\n\n\n\n\n65,600\n\n\n\nBurundi\n\n\nSyria\n\n\nNigeria\n\n\nMali\n\n\nOthers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 5\n\n\nAs in recent years, most returnees in the first half\nof 2021 were South Sudanese (45,900) returning\nprimarily from Sudan (27,700), Ethiopia (13,000) and\nUganda (2,900). Overall, there were some 30 per\ncent fewer South Sudanese returnees than in the\nsame period of 2020, primarily due to fewer returns\nfrom Uganda.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners continued to facilitate the\nrepatriation of Burundians from neighbouring countries.\nThe 44,700 Burundian refugees who were assisted\nto return in the first half of 2021 were mainly from\nRwanda (20,300 or 46 per cent), the United Republic\nof Tanzania (20,100 or 45 per cent) and the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo (3,700 or 8 per cent).\n\n##### **Resettlement**\n\n\nIncreasingly protracted conflicts prevented most\nrefugees from safely returning home, even as\nlimited possibilities of local integration and the\nglobal COVID-19 pandemic put many refugees in\nan even more precarious situation. Resettlement\nand complementary pathways continued to be\ncritical ways to protect some of the most vulnerable\nrefugees, who may face specific or urgent protection\nrisks. It is a tangible way for States to show solidarity\nand share responsibility.\n\n\nHowever, the number of refugees resettled has\nyet to recover from the dramatic decrease in 2020,\namid continuing movement restrictions due to the\npandemic. In the first half of 2021, according to\ngovernment statistics, the number of people resettled\nfell again to just 16,300, compared to 17,400 and 28,700\nin the same periods of 2020 and 2019 respectively.\nMore than half of the refugees were resettled with\nUNHCR\u2019s assistance. The 2021 figure represents\njust 20 per cent of the goal to resettle 80,000\npeople during the year as envisaged in the ThreeYear Strategy on Resettlement and Complementary\nPathways. [30] Overall, UNHCR identified more than 1.4\nmillion people in need of resettlement in 2021. [31]\n\n\n\nThe United States of America remained the most\ncommon destination, receiving about 3,800\nresettled refugees in the first half of 2021. This is\nnevertheless the lowest number of refugees that\nthe United States of America has resettled in many\nyears. The United States of America was followed\nby Canada, which resettled nearly 2,900 refugees,\ndown from 4,400 in the first six months of 2020.\nMore positively, European countries resettled a total\nof 8,900 refugees, accounting for 55 per cent of the\nglobal total and 93 per cent more than in the same\nperiod of 2020. Notably, Sweden and Germany\nresettled 2,500 and 2,200 refugees respectively.\n\n\nOver two-thirds of the resettled refugees\noriginated from just three countries, each with\nprotracted displacement situations: Syria (6,700),\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo (2,500) and\nAfghanistan (1,700).\n\n##### **Local Integration**\n\n\nBuilding a new life in their country of asylum offers\nrefugees a solution when resettlement or voluntary\nrepatriation are not viable options. Typically, this\nincludes the provision of a legal status in refugees\u2019\ncountry of asylum, including appropriate alternatives\nunder domestic regulations on long-term residence.\n\n\nDuring the first half of 2021, about 20,100 refugees\nfrom 130 countries of origin naturalized in 17\ncountries, [32] representing no significant change\ncompared to the 20,300 naturalized during the same\nperiod in the previous year. The vast majority of them\nnaturalized in the Netherlands (16,800), France (1,700)\nand Canada (1,400). Over two-thirds of the naturalized\nrefugees originated from Syria (11,100) and Eritrea\n(2,900). Given the lack of comprehensive data, these\nfigures should be considered as indicative only.\n\n\nWith more people becoming displaced and fewer\nbeing able to return, resettle or naturalize, an\nincreasing number continue to find themselves in\nprotracted displacement situations.\n\n\n\n**30** See [The Three-Year Strategy on Resettlement and Complementary Pathways, 2019.](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/5d15db254/three-yearstrategy-resettlement-complementary-pathways.html)\n**31** See [UNHCR Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2021](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/5ef34bfb7/projected-global-resettlement-needs-2021-pdf.html)\n**32** It should be noted that data on naturalization often does not distinguish between migrants and refugees in national statistical systems.\n\n\n18 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHAPTER 6\n\n\n\n**BANGLADESH.** _Rohingya refugee_\n\n\n\n_children play with marbles in_\n_a camp in eastern Bangladesh._\n\n_Heavy monsoon rains and_\n_strong winds have caused flash_\n\n_floods and landslides, severely_\n_disrupting the lives of refugees_\n\n\n\n_living in the camp, especially_\n\n\n\n_children and women._\n\n\n\n**\u00a9 UNHCR/AMOS HALDER**\n\n\n**UNHCR >** **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 6\n\n\n###### + EXPLORE THE DATA\n\n[+ By asylum](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=MZy2ku)\n\n\n\nImproving the availability of high-quality statistics on\nstatelessness remains a challenge for governments\nas well as for UNHCR and its partners. As such,\nthe actual number of stateless people in the world\nremains unknown. Approximately half of all countries\nworldwide do not report data on statelessness,\nincluding many with known stateless populations.\nData is currently available for 94 countries, with a\ntotal of 4.3 million stateless people [33] reported to\nUNHCR in mid-2021, virtually the same as the figure\nreported at end-2020. For many of these countries,\nthe data provided may be partial and is often based\non estimates. The true number of stateless people\nglobally is therefore likely to be much higher.\n\n\nAlthough the reported total number of stateless people\nhas remained essentially constant since the end of\n2020, this figure masks some notable increases and\ndecreases. The Russian Federation and Uzbekistan\neach witnessed a significant reduction in the number\nof stateless people due to acquisition or confirmation\nof nationality during the reporting period. At the same\ntime, natural population growth of Rohingya refugees\nled to an increase in the reported numbers of stateless\npeople in countries hosting Rohingya refugees.\nStateless people are now for the first time reported\nfor Rwanda, following a government assessment\nand estimate of the statelessness situation in the\ncountry. The numbers of reported stateless people\n\n\n\nalso rose significantly in Thailand, where the Royal\nThai Government has now included a previously\nunreported group, leading to a more accurate picture\nand more comprehensive statelessness statistics\nin the country. The largest stateless populations at\nmid-2021 were reported in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (953,000),\nBangladesh (889,000 refugees), Myanmar (600,000)\nand Thailand (554,100).\n\n\nUNHCR continues to advocate for improved data\non statelessness in line with Action 10 of the Global\nAction Plan to End Statelessness by 2024. [34] In addition\nto the 38 State pledges [35] related to improving data on\nstatelessness delivered at the High-Level Segment\non Statelessness organized by UNHCR in October\n2019, UNHCR has developed a Quick Guide on\nResearching Statelessness, which may further assist\nrelevant actors interested in gathering more reliable\nstatistics on statelessness. [36] UNHCR is also working\nwith States and partners under the auspices of the\nExpert Group on Refugee and IDP Statistics (EGRIS)\nto develop International Recommendations on\nStatelessness Statistics (IROSS), which are planned\nto be submitted to the UN Statistical Commission for\nadoption in 2023. The recommendations will provide\nconcrete guidance on how to improve the production,\ncoordination, reporting and overall quality of official\nstatistics on statelessness.\n\n\n\n**33** These statistics cover stateless people and people of undetermined nationality.\n**34** See [Global Action Plan to End Statelessness 2014\u20132024](https://www.unhcr.org/54621bf49.html)\n**35** See [High-Level Segment On Statelessness: Results and Highlights page 41.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec3e91b4.html)\n**36** See [Quick Guides: Researching Statelessness](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6054c9ca4.html)\n\n\n20 UNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chapter 6\n\n\nMap 5 **| Statelessness | mid-2021**\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n##### **Who Is Included In UNHCR Statistics?**\n\nUNHCR collates population data relating to persons who are forcibly displaced or\nstateless. The data is sourced primarily from governments and also from UNHCR\n[operations. See https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/methodology/ for the](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/methodology/)\ndetailed description and definitions of who is included in these statistics.\n\n##### **Annex tables 1 and 2**\n\n\n**Download from the UNHCR website at:**\n[https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/2021MYTannex.zip](https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/2021MYTannex.zip)\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n[Data is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/)\n\n\nUNHCR > **MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT 2021** 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Statistics", - "confidence": 0.9780826568603516, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9784849286079407, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.616863489151001, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MID-YEAR TRENDS REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6212474703788757, - "start": 146, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5142994523048401, - "start": 148, - "end": 149 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9588547348976135, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8524574041366577, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **MID-YEAR** TRENDS **2021**\n\n**PRODUCED AND PRINTED BY UNHCR**\n\n\n\n**FRONT COVER:**\n\n\n\n**MOZAMBIQUE.** _**A displaced mother fetches water with her children**_\n_**in Cabo Delgado Province. A conflict is raging in the region since**_\n_**2017 and extreme violence, including arbitrary killings and rape**_\n_**by armed groups, has been reported.**_\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR /MARTIM GRAY PEREIRA\n\n\n\n**\u00a9 2021 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nAll rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.\n\n\nStatistics and Demographics Section\nUNHCR Global Data Service\nUN City, Marmorvej 51\n2100 Copenhagen, Denmark\n[stats@unhcr.org](mailto:stats%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n\n\nThis document along with further information on\nglobal displacement is available on UNHCR\u2019s\nstatistics website:\n[https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82a0e7d6-a3e2-326c-b936-e8e10c580ea7/618ae4694.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_143/raw/doc_143_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_143/raw/doc_143_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b56bc0b80c575ff5a9bcf0bd2de253b95bb0b796..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_143/raw/doc_143_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe\n### Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated\n\n#### Overview of Trends January - September 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Arrivals to Europe between January and September 2017 [1]\n\nBetween January and September 2017, 25,379 children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom 14,839 (58%) were\nunaccompanied or separated children (UASC) [2] . Arrival of UASC increased by 25% compared to the first half of 2017 (11,918).\n\n\n##### Greece\n\nBetween January and\nSeptember 2017, 7,257 [3] children\narrived to Greece by sea,\nincluding 838 (11%) UASC. [4]\nWhile this is 88% decrease\ncompared to the same period\nin 2016 (62,136), the number\nof children arrived in the third\nquarter of 2017 (4,237) exceeded\nthat of children who arrived in the\nfirst half of the year (3,020). This\nalso included a sharp spike in\nthe number of UASC registered\nin the third quarter (two-fold\nincrease compared to the first\nhalf of 2017, when 411 UASC\nwere registered).\n\n\n\nThe majority of children arriving to\nGreece by sea were from Syria, Iraq,\nAfghanistan and Kuwait.\n##### Italy\n\nAmong the 15,140 children who\narrived to Italy between January\nand September 2017, 92%\n(13,867) were unaccompanied\nor separated. This is a 27%\ndecrease compared to the\nsame period in 2016 (19,000).\nThe smaller numbers of UASC\narriving this year is mainly due\nto the overall drop in the number\nof people crossing the Central\nMediterranean since July 2017.\nMost of them originated from\n\n\n\nGuinea, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, The\nGambia and Bangladesh.\n##### Bulgaria\n\nBetween January and\nSeptember 2017, 552 children\nwere intercepted at border\ncrossing points and within\nthe territory of the country. [5]\nAmong those, 28% were\nunaccompanied or separated\nchildren (154) which is 91%\ndecrease compared to the same\nperiod in 2016. Most children\nwere from Iraq, Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Afghanistan.\n\n\n##### Spain\n\nBetween January and September\n2017, 2,430 children arrived to Spain\nby sea and land, most commonly\nfrom Morocco (962), Syrian Arab\nRepublic (740) and Algeria (218).\nDue to the increase in arrivals to\nSpain in the third quarter of 2017,\nthe number of child arrivals also\nincreased by 44% compared to\nthe first half of 2017 (995). Data on\nunaccompanied and separated\nchildren is not available from the\nSpanish Ministry of Interior.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n\nDemographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n##### Greece Italy\n\n\n##### Bulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Spain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**89%**\n\n\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by\nCountry of Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee,\nSpanish Ministry of Interior.\n\n\n\n**72%**\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\nNationality of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\nUASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic of Arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8808284997940063, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6405840516090393, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8246034979820251, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.77974534034729, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n\nGender Breakdown of All Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\n\nIn all counties of arrival, the proportion of boys compared to girls\nremains higher (on average 7 boys for every 3 girl).\n\n\nBOYS GIRLS\n\n\nGreece **59%** **41%**\n\n\nItaly **93%** **7%**\n\n\nBulgaria **67%** **33%**\n\n\nFor Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 18,491 UASC\naccommodated in the government shelters according to the\nMinistry of Labour and not the total number of UASC who arrived\nin between January and September 2017.\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees,\n\nBulgarian Helsinki Committee\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\n\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAmong the 6,837 accompanied children who arrived to Greece\nand Bulgaria, 34% were between 0 and 4 years old, 47% were\nbetween 5 and 14 years old and 20% were between 15 and 17\nyears old. An age breakdown for accompanied children in Italy is\nnot available, but their proportion is very low, representing only\n8% of children arriving through the Central Mediterranean Route\nbetween January and September 2017.\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n##### Reception on Arrival in 2017*\n\nGreece\n\n- An estimated 19,000 children are in Greece. Of them,\n55% are in urban areas (apartments, hotels, shelters\nfor UASC, etc.), comparable to June 2017; 27% are in\naccommodation sites and 1% are in safe zones for UASC.\nA further 17% are in Reception and Identification Centresa 70% increase since June 2017.\n\n\n- In total, 228 unaccompanied children are in Reception and\nIdentification Centres and 106 are in protective custody/\ndetention (a slight increase since June 2017).\n\n\n- 1,096 UASC are in shelters for UASC, with an additional\n1,652 on the waiting list for shelter (a 36% increase since\nJune).\n\n\nItaly\n\n- 18,491 UASC are present in shelters for UASC, run by\nState authorities and nonprofit entities. This is only 4%\nmore compared to first half of 2017 (17,864), although\nthe number includes UASC who arrived in Italy both prior\nto and during 2017. 75% of the UASC in the shelters are\nbetween 15 and 17 years old.\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n- 482 children, including UASC, are accommodated in\nreception centres in Sofia and southern Bulgaria, a 35 %\ndecrease since June 2017 and almost three times less\ncompared to the same period in 2016.\n\n\n- All persons intercepted, including children and UASC,\ncontinue to be routinely detained until they claim asylum.\nDuring the third quarter of 2017, children spent an average\nof 7 days in detention before being transferred to a\nreception centre (down from 10 days during the second\nquarter of the year).\n\n\nSerbia\n\n- A total of 1,570 children are present in the country, almost\n987 less than in June 2017. Children comprise 41% of\nthe total number of refugees/migrants in the country,\n92% of whom are accommodated in state reception and\naccommodation centres, including 240 unaccompanied\nand separated children.\n\n\nHungary\n\n- Between January and September, Hungarian authorities\nadmitted 2,160 asylum seekers from Serbia through\nR\u00f6ske and Tompa transit zones. More than a half of all\nasylum seekers were children (54%).\n\n- On average, admitted asylum seekers stay for 35 days in\nthese closed type premises until they receive a decision\non their claim or decide to return voluntarily to Serbia.\n\nThe reception systems still vary greatly in quality across and\nwithin countries, sometimes even posing protection risks.\nThe large number of children who are not in shelters have\neither moved onwards or found themselves destitute on the\nstreets or in informal accommodation.\n\n\n- Figures reflect the situation as of end of September 2017\nSources: EKKA-Greece, UNICEF, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Bulgaria State\nAgency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n**33%** **47%** **20%**\n\n\n\nBulgaria **34%** **46%** **20%**\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived to Italy, Greece and Bulgaria\nbetween January and September 2017 were boys between 15\nand 17 years old (92% overall).\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n\n##### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\nBetween January and September 2017, European countries\nrecorded 161,087 asylum claims by children, including 56,717\nnewly registered asylum claims in Q3 2017. Children still make up\na third of all asylum seekers across Europe. Nationalities of child\nasylum seekers remain consistent with previous reports, as half\nof them came from just four countries: Syria (26%), Afghanistan\n(11%), Iraq (10%) and Eritrea (5%). Slightly over 40% of all asylumseeking children are girls.\n\n\nGermany continues to be the top destination for refugee and migrant\nchildren, registering over 40% of all child asylum applications in 2017\n(67,441 children). Almost 60% of them are young children between 0\nand 5 years old and another 11% (7,514) are UASC.\n\n\nOther countries that received large numbers of child asylum\nseekers in 2017 include Italy (16,077), Greece (14,465), France\n(14,085), Austria (9,310), Sweden (6,564), Spain (5,440), the\nUnited Kingdom (5,435) and Switzerland (5,050).\n\n\nCompared to the same period in 2016, however, the number\nof children applying for asylum in the top receiving destination\ncountries (Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom and Switzerland)\nis decreasing. At the same time, the number of asylum seeking\nchildren in Spain, Italy, France and Greece has marked a notable\nincrease. For example, the number of children seeking asylum\nin Spain during the third quarter of 2017 rose almost four times\ncompared to the same period in 2016, while Italy, France and\nGreece marked 60%, 12% and 5% increase respectively.\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children between January\nand September 2017 \u2013 by Country of Asylum*\n\n\nCHILDREN UASC\n\n\n\nREJECTED ASYLUM APPLICATIONS\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS\n\n\n\nBetween January and September 2017, a total of 226,510\ndecisions on asylum claims by children have been issued. Of\nthem, 65% were positive and 35% rejected (proportion of type\nof decisions for Q3 is consistent with the first two quarters of\nthe 2017). Among children with positive decisions, 51% received\nrefugee status, 32% were granted subsidiary protection and 17%\nreceived humanitarian status.\n\n\nThe trend of granting subsidiary protection and humanitarian\nstatus continued in Q3 2017, particularly for children from Guinea,\nCote d'Ivoire and Bangladesh.\n\n\nMoreover, many children saw their asylum claims rejected,\nparticularly Pakistanis (73%), Nigerians (56%), Bangladeshis (38%),\nAfghans (32%), Iraqis (32%) and Syrians (4%) and Eritreans (5%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications\n\n\n\nMain nationalities of arrivals\nin Greece\n\n4%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\nMain nationalities of arrivals\nin Italy\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\nHUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n\n\n- The difference in numbers of arrivals and asylum applications can be explained by\nthe long waiting times before people can claim asylum, backlogs in national asylum\nsystems, as well as the fact that applications can be submitted by persons who have\narrived previously or did not necessarily come through the Mediterranean Routes.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n\n##### Relocation\n\nSince the launch of the Emergency Relocation Scheme, a total of\n29,635 refugees and migrants, including 9,840 children, benefited\nfrom relocation arrangements in Greece and Italy. Among them\nthere were only 380 UASC (329 from Greece and 51 from Italy).\n\n\nMost children relocated this year from Greece were transferred\nto Germany (23%), France (20%) and Sweden (8%) while children\nrelocated from Italy were transferred mainly to Germany (31%),\nthe Netherlands (14%), Switzerland (12%) and Sweden (11%).\n\n\nAlthough the number of relocated UASC remains low with just\n213 UASC benefitting from the scheme between January and\nSeptember 2017, this is 29% increase compared to the 166 UASC\nrelocated in the whole of 2016. During Q3 2017, most of UASC\nwere relocated to the Netherlands (86), Finland (30), Norway (22),\nBelgium (17), Switzerland (14) and Germany (10).\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nOut of the 20,368 [6] people, who were relocated from Greece to\nother EU Member States since October 2015, 8,929 (44%) were\nchildren, including 329 UASC. When looking at the dynamic of\nrelocations in 2017, the majority of transfers happened in the third\nquarter with 2,019 relocations taking place between July and\nSeptember this year. This represents a 9% increase compared\nto the second quarter, when 1,872 children were relocated, and\n15% increase compared to the period between January and\nMarch (1,761 relocations).\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**11,439**\n\n\nCHILDREN\n\n**8,929**\n\nUASC\n\n**329**\n\n\n\nItaly\n\nAs of September 2017, only 9,267 refugees and migrants were\nrelocated from Italy, including 911 children, out of whom 51 were\nUASC. In the third quarter of 2017, 238 children benefited from\nthe relocation scheme in Italy, which is more than the number of\nchildren relocated in 2015 and 2016 all together.\n\n\nTARGET\n\n**39,600**\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**8,356**\n\n\nUASC\n\n**51**\nCHILDREN\n\n**911**\n\n##### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\n\nOf the total returnees (1,360) from Greece to Turkey under the\nEU-Turkey statement since the start of 2016 until end of October\n2017, 76 (5%) were children. All of them were returned with their\nfamilies.\n##### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC [7]\n\n\nBetween January and September 2017, IOM provided AVRR\nsupport to 55,577 migrants (25% less than the same period in\n2016). 25% of migrants availing AVRR support were children,\nincluding 4% UASC. Nearly 73% of the AVRR beneficiaries\nreturned from the European Economic Area and Switzerland.\nAmong these, more than 60% returned from Germany.\n\n\nWithin the same period, almost 12,900 migrants received\nassistance to return voluntarily from the European Economic Area\nand Switzerland. More than 27% of them were children, among\nwhom 2.5% were UASC.\n\n\nSource: Europe Resettlement 2016, UNHCR\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to September 2017\n\n\n##### Protection risks for children arriving to Europe\n\nCentral Mediterranean Route: children are at higher risk of\nbeing exploited during the journey compared to adults- 88%\nchildren vs. 75% adults responded positively to at least one\nhuman trafficking and other exploitative practices indicators from\nthe DTM\u00b4s Flow Monitoring Surveys conducted in Italy between\nApril and July 2017.\n\n\n- Average age of children who responded positively is 16,5 and they\nhave spent more than 6 months in transit before landing in Italy.\n\n\n- 93% of children who engaged in secondary migration, after\nspending more than a year in country different than their origin\ncountry, said they have experienced at least one situation\nwhich can indicate exposure to human trafficking and other\nexploitative practices.\n\n\n- 88% of interviewed children reported having experienced physical\nviolence of any sort during their journey, and another 32% reported\nwitnessing instances during their journey when someone travelling\nwith them has been threatened with sexual violence.\n\n##### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely\ndisaggregated by nationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or\ncurrently residing in, different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by\nUASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not\nnecessarily provide an accurate picture of the caseload due\nto backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular\nmovements or not applying for asylum at all. In addition, due\nto different definitions and national procedures and practices,\ncollecting accurate data on separated children specifically is\nvery challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as\neither accompanied or unaccompanied). It should also be\nnoted that complete data for the period January to September\n2017 on children and UASC asylum applications for all EU\nmember states was not available on the Eurostat website at\nthe time when this factsheet was released.\n\n\nSources: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian\nState Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR and UNICEF\n\n\n\nEastern Mediterranean Route: 8,5% interviewed children who\narrived through this route responded positively to at least one of\nthe indicators related to human trafficking and other exploitative\npractices\n\n\n- Children reported travelling alone more often than adults, (56%\nvs. 37%), very often with scarce financial resources, which puts\nthem at particularly high risk hidden behind the cheaper but\nmore dangerous deals with mediators, often involving violent\nbehavior by smugglers or other travel companions.\n\n\n- Survey shows that travelling with a group of non-family\nmembers is associated with a higher share of positive\nresponses among children (12% compared to 8% of those who\ntravelled alone)\n\n\n- 11% of interviewed children reported being forcibly returned\nat least once after having tried to move on from the country\nwhere survey was conducted (the Former Yugoslav Republic\nof Macedonia, Greece, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania,\nMontenegro, Kosovo (UNSCR 1244)\n\n\nSource: IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys Analysis (FMS)\n\n\nEndnotes:\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and\n\nreflects only sea arrivals for Greece and Italy. Data for Spain include both sea\nand land arrivals.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their\n\nprevious legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from\nother relatives. These may, therefore, include children accompanied by other\nadult family members. Unaccompanied children are children who have been\nseparated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by\nan adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. (IASC)\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border\n\nactivities and are provided by Hellenic Coastguard and Hellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 8,987 referrals were made to the\n\nGreek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified\non islands and mainland Greece, including near the land border with Turkey\nbetween Jan 2016 and Sept 2017. source\n\n5. During the same period of time, 905 children applied for asylum in Bulgaria,\n\nof which 370 were UASC. The higher number of asylum applications is due\nmainly to the fact that there is no systematic registration of people arriving in\nthe country, and some children may have claimed asylum in reception centres\nwithout being intercepted or identified by national law enforcement authorities\nat border crossing points or within the territory of the country.\n\n6. This number reflects all relocations since the launch of the EU relocation\n\nscheme in late 2015.\n\n7. The data provided here is provisional and should therefore be considered as\n\nan estimation.\n\n\nAbout the factsheet\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM with the\naim to support evidence-based decision-making and advocacy on issues\nrelated to refugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe with\nregards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and UASC). It\ncompiles key child-related data based on available official sources: arrival,\nasylum applications, asylum decisions, profiling of arrivals, relocation from\nGreece and Italy under the EU relocation scheme, as well as returns from\nGreece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to September 2017\nand is produced on quarterly basis to provide up-to-date information on\nrefugee and migrant children, including unaccompanied and\nseparated children.\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet please contact:\n\n\nUNICEF:\nTsvetomira Bidart\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\nJointly compiled and produced by:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\nJaved Khan\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\nIOM:\nIvona Zakoska Todorovska\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM\u00b4s Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.5701265931129456, - "start": 63, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "human trafficking and other exploitative practices indicators", - "confidence": 0.9691938161849976, - "start": 54, - "end": 61 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9204892516136169, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.9823984503746033, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9384337067604065, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data on Children", - "confidence": 0.8441838622093201, - "start": 197, - "end": 201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8946205973625183, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on separated children", - "confidence": 0.6019494533538818, - "start": 344, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU\nmember states", - "confidence": 0.7141129970550537, - "start": 391, - "end": 394 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7424729466438293, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6188514232635498, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated children", - "confidence": 0.8103577494621277, - "start": 346, - "end": 348 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8471772074699402, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7590810656547546, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed children", - "confidence": 0.5793161392211914, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9684445858001709, - "start": 625, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9924443364143372, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.6660036444664001, - "start": 662, - "end": 663 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Arrival figures for Greece", - "confidence": 0.907762885093689, - "start": 759, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IASC", - "confidence": 0.717024028301239, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.6979222893714905, - "start": 762, - "end": 763 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EU relocation\n\nscheme", - "confidence": 0.8655125498771667, - "start": 928, - "end": 931 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7181416153907776, - "start": 961, - "end": 962 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.7972182035446167, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6642413139343262, - "start": 1063, - "end": 1064 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9570809602737427, - "start": 979, - "end": 983 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a676e78d-f193-3d45-a40a-3f797135051a/61915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_144/raw/doc_144_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_144/raw/doc_144_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6ac87c46cef9179406dbe5f21f975c83383df02d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_144/raw/doc_144_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_Outcome Report: Cities and their contribution to the Global Compact on Refugees_\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\nThe following report is the outcome of the September 2021 meeting of 210 cities from all over the world\non their contributions to achieving the objectives of the Global Compact on Refugees in preparation for\nthe High-Level Officials Meeting to be held on 14-15 December 2021. The meeting was hosted by the\nGlobal Task Force on Migration (GTFM) and UNHCR _._ The GTFM is made up of Gaziantep Metropolitan\nMunicipality, Union of Municipalities of Turkey, UNDP, UNHCR, IOM, WALD, and UCLG-MEWA. The\nGFMD Mayors Mechanism _,_ Cities Alliance, the Mayors Migration Council (MMC), UCLG and UN-Habitat\nare partners in this initiative.\n\n\n**City contributions**\n\nIn addition to reviewing pledges made by cities at the Global Refugee Forum in 2019, cities contributed\n[to a Good Practices & Innovative Approaches dashboard](https://www.unhcr.org/withrefugees/good-practices/) highlighting their efforts to support and include\nrefugees, migrants, internally displaced and stateless people in their programmes and initiatives. The\ndiversity of local contexts, and the differences between resettlement countries and countries hosting large\nnumbers of forcibly displaced persons means that there is not a \u2018one-size-fits-all\u2019 approach. These good\npractices include innovative approaches in responsibility sharing, education, livelihoods and job\nopportunities, expanding services, housing and inclusion. The event included discussions about\nchallenges cities continue to face in delivering services due to COVID-19. Cities of Arua and Koboko,\nUganda, Kakuma, Kenya and Gabiley, Somalia, made new pledges.\n\n\n**What are the overarching gaps identified by Cities?**\n\nNational policies sometimes work against local solutions municipalities are trying to achieve resulting in\nsystemic challenges. Ensuring that municipalities are included in planning and empowered to participate\nin national and global policy-making forums is key to addressing these gaps:\n\n\n1. Not enough information exists on barriers to achieving inclusion and social cohesion in cities. In\n\ncontexts where there is a very centralised form of government, municipalities may not have the\nmandate to implement social cohesion policies\n2. Cities do not have access to adequate data on their refugee residents. Better data would assist\n\ncities in meeting their needs and understanding the social and economic contributions of\nrefugees.\n3. Refugees are not always included in national and local development or strategic plans, making it\n\nchallenging for Municipalities to access funding to expand services to meet the needs of refugee\nresidents.\n4. Many cities include refugees, migrants, internally displaced in their existing services without\n\nadequate financial resources.\n\n\n**City Representative Recommendations to the 2021 High-Level Officials Meeting**\n\n\n**Solutions \u2013 Inclusion and Social Cohesion**\n\n1. Robust social inclusion approaches implemented by cities should facilitate interaction between\n\nthe host community and refugees.\n2. Initiatives that tackle racism and xenophobia and promote tolerance, inclusion, and diversity at\n\nthe local level need to be scaled up.\n3. National and city governments should work together to create opportunities for refugees to\n\nmeaningfully influence the plans, policies, and programs that affect their lives\n4. Refugees should be supported to settle in intermediary cities when appropriate.\n5. The media should highlight the positive social, cultural and economic contributions of refugees\n\nand migrants to enriching cities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19a2f38a-b10f-3e0f-9dbb-becf43f78d34/619788ff4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Jobs and Livelihoods**\n\n1. International humanitarian donors, financiers and national governments should increase their\n\nfunding to city governments and their civil society partners to better resource, scale, and refine\ninclusive services and programs. Local municipalities should be supported to advocate for more\nresourcing\n2. Municipalities should have a clear policy & inclusive strategy to act on livelihoods and economic\n\ninclusion, including building partnerships with the local private sector.\n3. Municipalities should foster female entrepreneurship and economic empowerment to include the\n\nwider household and the refugee community.\n\n\n**Protection - Children and Documentation**\n\n1. Data collection and sharing should be prioritised by all stakeholders to improve information and\n\nincrease access to basic services and protection for children and the most vulnerable.\n2. Flexible new approaches and the use of technology should be explored by National Governments\n\nand Municipalities to ensure access to birth registration.\n\n\n**Protection \u2013 Access to Education and Health Services**\n\n1. Programmes to improve community-level solidarity should be prioritised by Municipalities to\n\naddress discriminatory behaviours and systems, increasing the capacity of community\norganisations to represent the forcibly displaced and avoid exclusion from access to services.\n2. Successful city-level innovations that overcome barriers to accessing services should be\n\nsupported to be scaled up with funding from international humanitarian donors, financiers and\nnational governments scaled up.\n3. Access to adequate data will help improve city planning for refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**Energy and Infrastructure \u2013Housing**\n\n1. Medium-term financial support to refugees from international humanitarian donors, financiers and\n\nnational governments will help alleviate affordability concerns and ensure housing access.\n2. Coordination mechanisms need to be created amongst service providers (both public and\n\nprivate).\n3. Municipalities should work more closely with landlords and refugees to promote the rights of\n\nrefugees, migrants and internally displaced and their obligations and standards for all parties.\n4. Investment in all forms should be made in the local government land planning and housing\n\nprovision.\n\n\n**Conclusion and Next Steps for cities**\n\nFollowing the sharing of this report at the High-Level Official Meeting, UNHCR, the GTFM, the GFMD\nMayors Mechanism, Cities Alliance, the MMC and UN-Habitat urge all relevant stakeholders, National\nGovernments and the international community to empower cities through increasing opportunities for their\nmeaningful participation in national and global policy formation and through funding and technical support,\nacknowledging the continued burden sharing role that cities play contributing to the Global Compact on\nMigration and the Global Compact on Refugees.\n\n\nThe GTFM will continue organising regular quarterly meetings to facilitate networking and experiences\nbetween municipalities. To take stock of progress, challenges, and support needs to implement the\ncollective commitments to the 2019 Gaziantep Declaration, including the Global Compact on Refugees,\nthe Global Compact on Migration, localisation of the SDGs, and the New Urban Agenda in the lead up to\nthe International Migration Review Forum in 2022 Global Refugee Forum in 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19a2f38a-b10f-3e0f-9dbb-becf43f78d34/619788ff4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_145/raw/doc_145_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_145/raw/doc_145_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c13d60356cbeae8434f4ea57d88f99b0a97d4fa1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_145/raw/doc_145_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,996 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT** **SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA**\n\n### **Socio-Economic Inclusion Service (SEIS)** **Division of Resilience and Solutions (DRS)** January 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1\n\n\n1. INTRODUCTION 3\n\n\n2. EXISTING GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS ACROSS THE STUDY COUNTRIES 4\n\n\n3. INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS 7\n3.1 Inclusion of refugees in government social protection programmes 8\n3.2 Inclusion of refugees in government COVID-19 social protection responses 10\n\n\n4. FACTORS ENABLING THE INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL\nPROTECTION SYSTEMS 13\n\n\n5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18\n\n\nENDNOTES 21\n\n\n_COVER photo:_\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Dhieu Lual. A refugee holds her recently issued ATM card at Kakuma camp in Kenya._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Mohamed Alalem. Distribution of an urban assistance package to a refugee in Tripoli, Libya._\n\n## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\n\nWith 76% of refugees in situations of protracted\ndisplacement and with less than 1% realising\na durable solution [1] inclusion in strategic\ngovernment systems such as social protection\nrepresents a pragmatic way to bridge emergency\nassistance and durable solutions. This study\nexamines the nature of inclusion of refugees in\ngovernment social protection programmes and\nrelated COVID-19 responses in eight countries in\nAfrica. This is done in order to better understand\nthe enabling factors regulating refugee access\nand how these factors can be supported through\npolicy and programming.\n\n\nAll countries covered by the study are party to\nthe 1951 Refugee Convention. _De jure_ access\nto social protection benefits is provided by\nrefugee and asylum laws and government\npolicy in **South Africa, Djibouti, Cameroon,**\n**Ghana and the Republic of Congo.** Refugees\nare included in social assistance programmes in\nDjibouti, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo\nthrough World Bank IDA 18 Refugee and Host\nCommunity Sub-Window (RSW) social safety net\nprojects that use an area-based approach to scale\nup coverage for host and displaced populations.\nIn Ghana, refugees can access a range of social\nassistance and social service benefits through\ngovernment programmes backed by international\nfunding, whilst refugees in South Africa can\naccess a more developed social security system\nsupported by domestic funding. Some refugees\nwere able to access cash transfers as part\nof the government COVID-19 responses in\nthese countries via existing social assistance\nprogrammes, bar Ghana, with the World Bank\nchannelling funding via the IDA 18 RSW social\nprotection projects. Additional support for\nproductive activities, workers and businesses\nwas also provided across South Africa, the\nRepublic of Congo and Cameroon.\n\n\n\nIn all countries, the majority of the total refugee\npopulation does not yet receive the full range\nof benefits available to citizens. _De facto_ access,\nwhere refugees actually receive social protection\nbenefits set out in government law and policy, is\nhampered by a set of contextual factors. These\ninclude a lack of funds and local government\ncapacity, access to documentation, inadequate\nconsideration of protection risks in government\nprogrammes, and, a lack of awareness and respect\nof refugee rights by local authorities and host\ncommunities. Additional factors hampered access\nto COVID-19 responses including the closure of\ngovernment offices and resulting disruptions in\naccess to documentation, administrative processes\nand the implementation of programmes.\n\n\nIn contrast, **Kenya, Rwanda and Malawi** have\nnot finalised national refugee laws permitting\ninclusion in government social protection\nprogrammes. Despite these legal limits, UNHCR\nin partnership with the ILO has set up and\nsubsidised urban refugees in Kenya and Rwanda\nto access the national health insurance scheme,\nbacked by livelihoods activities promoting\nrefugee contribution. Further, Kenya refugees\nwere included in the national COVID-19 socioeconomic survey and some refugees in Malawi\nreceived agricultural inputs as part of the\ngovernment\u2019s COVID-19 response.\n\n\nInclusion of refugees across the government\nsystems examined in this study occurs as\npathway [2], with progress regulated by ten\nenabling factors for inclusion. In many of the\ncontexts in this study, refugee inclusion into all\ngovernment social protection programmes on\npar with those accessed by citizens is not yet\npossible. Certain UNHCR Country Offices are\nsupporting the transitioning from humanitarian\nassistance to government programmes as a series\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national COVID-19 socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.9794015884399414, - "start": 523, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5781324505805969, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8901354670524597, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban refugees", - "confidence": 0.6446679830551147, - "start": 493, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of progressive steps. Progress along a pathway\nto inclusion begins with assistance delivered\ntotally in parallel with government programmes\nrepresenting traditional \u2018care and maintenance\u2019\nprogramming. This assistance is aligned to\ngovernment delivery approaches where there\nis some progress on the enabling factors for\ninclusion. With further progress on these factors,\nharmonised area-based programmes covering\nhost and displaced populations becomes\npossible, which replicate many of the features\nof the government delivery approach. However,\nthese programmes may not yet facilitate refugee\nenrolment to social registries or other forms of\nformal recognition by the government.\n\n\nThe following options, based on the ten enabling\nfactors for inclusion identified in this study, can\nbe chosen and adapted according to the specific\ncontext and type of forcibly displaced population\ntargeted for inclusion:\n\n**1. Work to narrow the gap between** _**de**_\n_**jure**_ **and** _**de facto**_ **access to government**\n**systems** by strengthening the application of\ninternational and government legal and policy\ninstruments, backed by a solid business case\nto governments for inclusion.\n\n**2. Scale up multilateral and development**\n**funding** for refugee-hosting areas that\npromotes an area-based approach that\nincreases coverage for host and displaced\npopulations.\n\n**3. Scale up local and central government**\n**capacity** offering support that enables forcibly\ndisplaced persons to reach government\nprogrammes and for government agencies to\nreach forcibly displaced persons.\n\n**4. Support the preparation and scale up of**\n**government social registries** to enrol forcibly\ndisplaced persons including reinforcing the\ncollection and analysis of relevant socioeconomic data.\n\n**5. Ensure that forcibly displaced persons can**\n**meet eligibility criteria** for social registry and\nbenefit targeting including reinforcing access\nto civil documentation and digital IDs.\n\n**6. Accompany referrals and monitor the impact**\n**of inclusion on forcibly displaced persons**,\nensuring people can exercise their rights\nand that protection and conflict risks are\naddressed.\n\n**7. Advocate for, and support, the inclusion of**\n**forcibly displaced persons in government**\n\n\n\n**socio-economic COVID-19 impact surveys**\nincluding the collection and/or provision of\nrelevant socio-economic and protection data.\n\n**8. Promote inclusion in COVID-19 recovery**\n**and economic stimulus packages** building\non programmes that already include forcibly\ndisplaced persons.\n\n**9. Support** **advocacy** **for** **inclusion** **and**\n**co-ordination** **with** **government** **social**\n**protection agencies** as a coherent approach\nby actors working across the humanitariandevelopment-peace nexus.\n\n**10. Promote financial and economic inclusion**\n**programmes** that reinforce the self-reliance\nof forcibly displaced persons to demonstrate\nhow these persons can exit out of noncontributory benefits to stable informal and\nformal labour opportunities.\n\n\nThe inclusion of forcibly displaced persons\nin government social protection systems can\nbe supported by international actors by (1)\nperiodically mapping existing government social\nprotection systems, accompanying legislation\nand planned programmes; (2) analysing social\nprotection programmes (existing and planned)\nand identifying the most appropriate benefits\nand services that could serve the national\nprotection and solutions strategy, and; (3)\ndefining the priority actions to support and\nplanning the resourcing and partnerships\nfor these. These actions can work to (a) help\ngovernments and development actors open\nwindows of inclusion in existing government\nprogrammes for forcibly displaced persons, (b)\nprogressively align humanitarian assistance to\nthese programmes and set up referral processes\nthat prepare and accompany inclusion, and,\n(c) help to ensure coherent action through a\ngovernment-led transition action plan that\nhelps to operationalise the national protection\nand solutions strategy.\n\n\nUNHCR and other actors promoting inclusion\nwill need to identify the context-specific status\nof the enabling factors for inclusion outlined in\nthis report and focus their action to unlock the\nchallenges preventing further progress on these\nfactors. While this study has focused on refugee\ninclusion, many of these recommendations are\nrelevant for supporting the inclusion of other\ngroups of forcibly displaced persons including\nasylum seekers, internally displaced persons and\nstateless groups.\n\n\n\n2 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Otieno. Validation of an ATM card in the Kalobeyei Settlement, Kenya._\n\n## 1. INTRODUCTION\n\n\n\nThis study is undertaken to better understand\nthe inclusion of refugees in government social\nprotection programmes in eight countries in\nAfrica (Ghana and Cameroon in West and Central\nAfrica; the Republic of Congo, South Africa\nand Malawi in Southern Africa; and Djibouti,\nKenya and Rwanda in East Africa, the Horn of\nAfrica and the Great Lakes region). It maps and\nreviews the enabling factors for inclusion and\nformulates recommendations for action, drawn\nfrom the evidence base provided by UNHCR\nCountry Offices, complemented by analysis of\nsocial protection focal points by the three Africa\nRegional Bureaus (RBs) and the Division of\nResilience and Solutions (DRS).\n\n\nInternational and regional human rights\ninstruments, such as the 1948 Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights; [3] the 1966\nInternational Covenant on Economic, Social\nand Cultural Rights; [4] the 1989 Convention on\nthe Rights of the Child [5] and the 1981 African\nCharter on Human and Peoples Rights [6] establish\nthe universal human right to social security\n\n\n\nand, by extension, to social protection. Social\nprotection is defined as a set of policies and\nprogrammes aimed at preventing or protecting\nall people against poverty, vulnerability and\nsocial exclusion throughout the course of their\nlives, with an emphasis on vulnerable groups. [7]\nSocial protection systems include _social_\n_assistance_ or _social safety nets_ (non-contributory\nbenefits), _social insurance_ (contributory scheme)\nand _labour market intervention_ programmes\n(a mix of non-contributory assistance and\ncontributory benefits).\n\n\nWhile refugees are covered by these general\nhuman rights instruments, the more specific\ninternational treaties protecting them provide\nfor their right to access social protection. The\n1951 Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees [8] has specific provisions relating to\nrefugees\u2019 access to social security [9] and to public\nrelief. [10] Most recently, the New York Declaration\nin 2016 [11] and the Global Compact on Refugees\nin 2018 [12] called for the inclusion of refugees in\nsocial protection systems.\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Esther Ruth Mbabazi. South Sudanese refugee working in construction at the Bidibidi settlement in Uganda._\n\n## 2. EXISTING GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS ACROSS THE STUDY COUNTRIES\n\n\n\nGovernment social protection systems across\nthe eight countries covered by the study are at\ndifferent stages of development. They have often\ninitially focused on urban populations and those\nbetter off (particularly for contributory benefits),\nand then extended benefits and coverage to less\ndeveloped rural areas and the poor. Based on\ndata on types of benefits, coverage and resources\ndedicated to social protection, the eight countries\nfall into three main groups along the pathway\ntowards a comprehensive government social\nprotection system.\n\n\n**A. Nascent systems** dominated by social\nassistance with modest expenditure and\ncoverage, propped up by international\ninvestments (the Republic of Congo,\nCameroon and Djibouti).\n\n**B. Systems in development** that are scaling up\nsocial assistance and other social protection\nprogrammes to the poor with a mix of\ngovernment and international investments\n(Malawi, Rwanda, Ghana and Kenya).\n\n**C. Well-developed systems** with a range\nof social protection benefits around a\nsingle government system with significant\ngovernment investments (South Africa).\n\n\n\nThe key components of the government social\nprotection systems in the study countries are\nsummarised below.\n\n\n**Ghana:** The Ghana National Social Protection\nPolicy (2015) overseen by the Ministry of Gender,\nChildren and Social Protection provides for the\nscale-up of five flagship programmes, including:\n\n- Cash transfers to children, pregnant women,\nthe disabled and elderly through the\nLivelihood Empowerment Against Poverty\nprogramme.\n\n- Full achievement and application of the\nNational Health Insurance Scheme, which\nincludes district-level mutual health insurance\nschemes as well as other health insurance\nproviders.\n\n- The Labour-Intensive Public Works programme\nas a key social employment strategy.\n\n- The Basic Schools Capitation Grant to\npromote access to education, social assistance\nand employment.\n\n- The Ghana School Feeding Programme to\nachieve educational participation, nutritional\nadequacy, employment creation and social\ncohesion.\n\n\n\n4 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS", - "confidence": 0.7851541638374329, - "start": 27, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "eight countries", - "confidence": 0.6367281675338745, - "start": 41, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban populations", - "confidence": 0.606536328792572, - "start": 60, - "end": 62 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This integrated package is meant to link with the\nsocial-protection-related initiatives led by other\ngovernment ministries including the Ministry of\nFood and Agriculture, [13] the Agricultural Sector\nInvestment Programme [14] and the Ministry of\nHealth. [15] The national health financing system\ncovers around 12 million people. [16]\n\n\n**Cameroon:** The National Social Protection Policy\n(2017) outlines four areas of support:\n\n- Social transfers whose common thread is the\nstrengthening of non-contributory systems.\nThese aim to strengthen the human capital\nof vulnerable populations by improving their\naccess to basic social services and improving\nthe satisfaction of their basic needs. Their\npriority targets are orphans and vulnerable\nchildren, women in difficult circumstances,\nthe elderly, chronically poor households, small\nfarmers, victims of accidents and disasters,\npeople with serious medical conditions, the\ninternally displaced and refugees.\n\n- Social security, with the objective to\nguarantee social and health coverage to all\nsegments of the population, especially the\nmost vulnerable.\n\n- Social action services through the protection\nand promotion of groups with specific and\ncyclical vulnerabilities. They aim to improve\nthe access of these groups to social action\nservices through the fight against exclusion\nand the implementation of support and\nsupervision initiatives.\n\n- Promotion of the economic integration\nof vulnerable people. As a major lever for\npoverty reduction, inclusion and social justice,\nemployment has, since 2010, been placed at\nthe heart of public authorities\u2019 development\nstrategy. This axis is about improving the\naccess of vulnerable populations to economic\nactivities.\n\n\nThe government is still planning to introduce a\nunified social registry that would include all the\nabove programmes.\n\n\n**Republic of Congo:** The National Policy for Social\nAction (2014) sets the frame of the national\nsocial protection system, comprising two pillars:\nthe first, to harmonise historically fragmented\ncash and in-kind social assistance projects and\nincome-generating support under a common social\nassistance programme; the second, to strengthen\ncontingency planning and disaster risk management\n\n\n\nsystems to better prevent, prepare for and respond\nto major disasters. The first pillar is primarily rolled\nout through the Lisungi Safety Nets System Project\nlaunched in 2014, comprising cash transfers, public\nworks and support to income-generating activities\n(IGAs), with links to education and health services.\nThis is also strengthening the social registry\nand includes 60,000 households, with plans of\nextending the project to 100,000 households.\n\n\n**South Africa:** The government social welfare policy\nis referred to in Chapter 2 of the South African\nConstitution, and is structured around three pillars:\nnon-contributory (tax financed), contributory (social\ninsurance) and private voluntary:\n\n- Pillar 1: Non-contributory schemes include\ntargeted cash transfers for the vulnerable\nsuch as an old age grant, war veterans grant,\ndisability grant, care dependency grant, foster\nchild grant, child support grant, grant in aid\n(payable to any person in receipt of an older\nage grant) and the social relief of distress grant.\nA growing list of social services includes free\nhealth care, basic education and subsidised\nhousing for the poor. In addition, there is\nuniversal provision of some basic services\n(water, electricity and sanitation). There are\nnow 14.4 million people receiving social grants\nin South Africa.\n\n- Pillar 2: Mandatory social insurance\ncovers specified contingencies for all\nincome groups above a nationally defined\nthreshold. Important programmes include\nthe Unemployment Insurance Fund, the\nExpanded Public Works Programme and the\nEmployment Injury Insurance System.\n\n- Pillar 3: Voluntary private insurance includes\ntop-up coverage for pensions, short-term\nbenefits and health care.\n\n\n**Malawi:** The Malawi National Social Support\nProgramme II (2018-2023) is the national flagship\nprogramme, comprising:\n\n- Pillar 1: Consumption support through timely,\npredictable and adequate cash and/or inkind transfers to poor and vulnerable people\nthroughout their life cycles.\n\n- Pillar 2: Resilient livelihoods, which are\npromoted through tailored packages based on\nindividual, household and community needs\nvia poverty graduation pathways and interprogramme linkages and by facilitating access\nto and the utilisation of services beyond the\nMalawi National Social Support Programme II.\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social registry", - "confidence": 0.9910656809806824, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.5223543047904968, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5989441871643066, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable populations", - "confidence": 0.8113468289375305, - "start": 278, - "end": 280 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Pillar 3: Shock-sensitive social protection that\nmeets seasonal needs, prepares for and responds\nto unpredictable shocks in co-operation with\nthe humanitarian sector and supports recovery\nand the return to regular programming.\n\n\n**Djibouti:** The National Strategy for Social\nProtection (2017) is putting in place a povertytargeted social assistance programme (National\nFamily Solidarity Programme, PSNF) while\nproviding subsidised access to health care\nand nutrition support, with access via the\nnewly established social registry. Other key\nsocial assistance programmes include the\nSocial and Solidarity Economy programme\n(economic inclusion and social cohesion\nactivities), education support for disabled\nchildren (including IGA support for mothers),\nsubsidised access for the poorest to the national\nhealth insurance scheme (PASS) and the Social\nAssistance Programme for Poor Older Persons\n(addressing basic needs of the elderly).\n\n\n**Kenya:** The Kenya National Social Protection\nPolicy of 2012, currently under review, established\nthree pillars, including social assistance, social\nsecurity and social health insurance, which are\nimplemented as follows:\n\n- Cash transfers through the National Social\nSafety Net Programme, also known as the Inua\nJamii programme, include the Cash Transfer\nfor Orphans and Vulnerable Children, the\n\n\n_\u00a9 UNHCR. Cash assistance to refugees in Burkina Faso._\n\n\n\nOlder Persons Cash Transfer, the Cash Transfer\nfor Persons with Severe Disabilities and the\nHunger Safety Net Programme.\n\n- Social security protection to workers in the\nform of lump-sum payments upon retirement\nthrough the National Social Security Fund.\n\n- Social health insurance implemented by the\nNational Hospital Insurance Fund through\nsubsidy programmes for orphans and\nvulnerable children, persons with severe\ndisabilities and older persons.\n\n\nOn average, 25 per cent of the population in\nKenya is covered by the national social protection\nsystem. There are 1.3 million social assistance\nbeneficiaries with 7 per cent of working-age\nadults living in households receiving social\nassistance transfers and 77 per cent of older\npersons receiving a pension grant.\n\n\n**Rwanda:** The government\u2019s National Social\nProtection Policy (2017) is being rolled out\nvia its Social Protection Sector Strategic Plan\n(2019-2024). Non-contributory programmes\ninclude the poverty-reduction flagship Vision\n2020 _Umurenge Programme_ that includes social\nassistance benefits, the Genocide Survivors\nSupport and Assistance Fund and the Rwanda\nDemobilization and Reintegration Commission.\nContributory schemes include complementary\nlivelihood support services and CommunityBased Health Insurance ( _Mutuelle de Sant\u00e9_ ).\n\n\n\n6 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Dhieu Lual. Kenya Commercial Bank staff open bank accounts for refugees at Kakuma camp._\n\n## 3. INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS\n\n\n\nAll countries covered by the study implement the\ngeneral human rights instruments referred to in\nthe introduction and are party to the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and to the regional Organisation\nof African Unity Convention Governing the\nSpecific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. [17]\nCountries including South Africa, Djibouti,\nCameroon and Ghana have adopted national\nrefugee laws permitting inclusion, with Djibouti\nrecently amending its decree governing its social\nregistry to include refugees. Djibouti, Cameroon\nand, at the local level, Ghana are however\nchallenged by government capacity to ensure\naccess to these rights due to poorly developed\ninfrastructure for delivering both basic services\nand social services, and a lack of economic\nopportunities in refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\nIn contrast, some countries have made\nreservations to the 1951 Convention,\n\n\n\nparticularly in relation to socio-economic\nrights specified under \u201cGainful Employment\u201d\nand \u201cWelfare\u201d (i.e. public education, public\nrelief, labour legislation and social security).\nFor example, Malawi made reservations in\nrelation to the right to work and to freedom\nof movement and other socio-economic rights\nnecessary for greater inclusion. In addition,\nsome national legislation and policies either\nrestrict inclusion in government systems or are\nstill in the making. For example, the Republic\nof Congo, Kenya, Rwanda and Malawi have\nnot adopted or are in the process of amending\nor finalising national refugee laws permitting\ninclusion. In Malawi, for example, the Refugee\nAct of 1989, under review, contains several\nrestrictions. Although Kenya is reviewing a\ndraft Refugee Bill it is not clear whether this\nwill lead to greater inclusion of refugees in\ngovernment systems in the future.\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.1 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT**\n**SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMMES**\n\n\nThe nature of inclusion of refugees in government\nsocial protection programmes is summarised in\nthe following country sections.\n\n\n**Ghana:** Refugees access specific forms of social\nprotection benefits including:\n\n- The Ghana Card to facilitate access to social\nservices.\n\n- Exemptions from the National Health\nInsurance Scheme.\n\n- The Labour-Intensive Public Works\nProgramme.\n\n- Free basic education, free senior high school\neducation, the Basic Schools Capitation Grant\nand the Ghana School Feeding Programme.\n\n\nMore detailed information about refugees\u2019 access\nto these programmes was not available at the\ntime of the drafting of the report.\n\n\n**Cameroon:** Some urban refugees have generally\naccessed services delivered in government\nsocial action centres, centres for women\u2019s\nempowerment and families and rehabilitation\ncentres for persons with disabilities, counselling,\npsychosocial support and mediation. The World\nBank Group\u2019s IDA18 Regional Sub-Window for\nRefugees and Host Communities (WBG IDA18\nRSW) Social Safety Nets for Crisis Response\nProject (P164830, US$60 million) is opening\nup access to refugees from the Central African\nRepublic in the Adamawa, North and East regions\nto the Social Safety Nets project. This includes\n8,000 households eligible for cash transfers,\n2,500 households for shock-responsive cash (topups in case of emergencies), 8,500 refugees for\npublic works and 8,000 refugees for IGA support.\n\n\nAll refugee participants will be enrolled in the\nnational social registry. Refugees will also\naccess the WBG IDA18 RSW Health System\nPerformance Reinforcement Project \u2013 Additional\nFinancing (P164954, US$36 million), and\ntwo other projects supporting education and\ncommunity development infrastructure. The\nWBG IDA18 RSW projects were stalled due to\nthe lack of a formal launch by the government;\nhowever, beneficiary selection for social safety\nnets is underway. UNHCR Cameroon provided\ncash transfers and in-kind support to at least\n48,535 refugees from the Central African\n\n\n\nRepublic via the Transitional Safety Net project\n(first semester, 2020), which is closely aligned\nwith the Social Safety Nets project in terms of\ntargeting criteria and cash transfer values.\n\n\n**Republic of Congo:** Prior to the WBG IDA18\nRSW Additional Financing (Lisungi Safety Nets\nSystem Project II \u2013 P166143, US$22 million)\nto the government\u2019s existing Lisungi Social\nSafety Nets Project, launched in December\n2019, refugees could not access government\nsocial protection systems. The RSW Additional\nFinancing enabled the government to roll out\nthe Lisungi Social Safety Nets Project in the\nremote rural department of Likouala, host to\nmost of the refugees in the country, and the\ncities of Brazzaville and Pointe Noire. At least\n4,000 refugee households will benefit from IGA\ngrants and vocational training, and 2,000 refugee\nhouseholds will receive regular conditional cash\ngrants while additional support is to be provided\nto scale up health posts and schools for all in the\nLikouala department. Eligible refugees and host\ncommunities will be included in the national\nsocial registry. Implementation was delayed due\nto the deployment of the COVID-19 national\nresponse, with the national social safety nets\nsystem leveraged to provide COVID-19 cash\ntransfers in urban areas most affected by the\nlockdown, including refugees as beneficiaries.\n\n\n**South Africa:** The Refugees Act grants rights\nto employment and access to social services\nto refugees; refugees have thus been able to\naccess jobs and services. Recognised refugees\nalso qualify for social grants as nationals. The\nSouth African Social Security Agency offers\nvarious social security grants including child\nsupport, disability, elderly, foster care, social\nrelief of distress and care dependency grants. An\nestimated 9,000 refugees benefit from the social\nrelief of distress grants.\n\n\n**Malawi:** Although the government announced\nthe rolling out of the Comprehensive Refugee\nResponse Framework and has included refugees\nin the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy\nIII (with access to health and primary education),\nrefugees are not included in the government\u2019s\nNational Social Support Programme II.\n\n\n**Djibouti:** Refugees will be for the first time\nincluded to the PSNF through the WBG IDA18\nRSW Integrated Cash Transfer and Human\nCapital Project (P166220, US$15 million) and its\n\n\n\n8 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ghana Card", - "confidence": 0.7032517790794373, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ghana", - "confidence": 0.7745715379714966, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9390613436698914, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national social registry", - "confidence": 0.9933005571365356, - "start": 280, - "end": 283 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central African\nRepublic", - "confidence": 0.8083728551864624, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7262914180755615, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\nsocial registry", - "confidence": 0.9954466223716736, - "start": 562, - "end": 565 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Likouala department", - "confidence": 0.5040105581283569, - "start": 549, - "end": 551 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.5101013779640198, - "start": 508, - "end": 510 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Ariadne Kypriadi. Microfinance office offering loans to refugee and host community entrepreneurs in Ethiopia._\n\n\n\nAdditional Financing (P174556, US$15 million).\nAround 1,000 urban refugee households\nare being biometrically enrolled into the\ngovernment social registry to access COVID-19\nvouchers supported by UNHCR. A further 500\nrefugee households will be eligible for the social\nregistry. While refugees are excluded from the\nproject\u2019s cash transfers and economic inclusion\nactivities, they are eligible for communitylevel communication sessions on COVID-19\nprevention and child nutrition, health, education,\nchild stimulation and parenting, and genderbased violence (GBV).\n\n\nBasic service infrastructure projects will also\nbe set up in 60 refugee-hosting communities\nincluding those focused on water supply\nand sanitation, water resource management,\nschools, markets, rural roads and environmental\nresource management. A baseline data exercise,\ninforming inclusion in the PSNF and PASS, has\nbeen pending since 2019, with further delays\ndue to a long recess of the national assembly in\nDjibouti, and with the government prioritising its\nCOVID-19 response. Refugees are also planned\nto be supported by three other WBG IDA18 RSW\nprojects including the Improving Health Sector\nPerformance Project (accessing the public health\nsystem and PASS \u2013 P168250, US$6 million),\nExpanding Opportunities for Learning (P166059)\nand the Djibouti Integrated Slum Upgrading\nProject (urban infrastructure \u2013 P162901).\n\n\n\n**Kenya:** The National Hospital Insurance Fund\nincludes at least 8,032 refugee households in\nNairobi, with UNHCR subsidising this access.\nExpansion to rural camps is planned under an\nagreement between the fund and UNHCR and is\nfunded by the UK Department for International\nDevelopment (DFID) (Kenya Integrated Refugee\nand Host Community Support Programme);\nhowever, COVID-19 has stalled this expansion.\nRefugee children have access to interventions\naimed at their rescue and protection from abuse\nand exploitation, facilitated by the Department\nof Children Services in partnership with UNHCR\nand the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, in\nthe form of provision of case management,\npsychosocial support and safe shelter. Survivors\nof sexual and gender-based violence among\nrefugees are not discriminated against when\naccessing assistance and services available\nto Kenyan nationals, but the extent of such\nassistance and services is very limited.\n\n\n**Rwanda:** Up to 8,032 urban refugee households\nin Kigali are supported by the Community-Based\nHealth Insurance, with UNHCR largely subsidising\nthis access. This is a public scheme managed\nby the Rwanda Social Security Board and was\naccompanied by the issuance of identity cards\nby the Rwandan government. There is a plan to\nexpand this initiative to refugee camps in the\nfuture. Although at least 20,000 refugees have\nbeen supported by the joint government-UNHCR\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "government social registry", - "confidence": 0.8455648422241211, - "start": 45, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6656601428985596, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.6538400053977966, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9192635416984558, - "start": 36, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social\nregistry", - "confidence": 0.5046272277832031, - "start": 66, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.6586608290672302, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6761372685432434, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSNF", - "confidence": 0.6377270221710205, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.8349423408508301, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7952349781990051, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.7322315573692322, - "start": 271, - "end": 273 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "national economic inclusion strategy, this has yet\nto translate into a formal inclusion of the refugees\nin the government social protection system.\n\n\nAcross the eight study countries, where _de jure_\naccess to social protection benefits existed in\ngovernment policy or legal instruments, the _de_\n_facto_ access where refugees actually received\nsocial protection benefits was hampered by the\nfollowing contextual factors:\n\n- Lack of government financial resources to\nscale up social protection programmes to\ninclude refugees.\n\n- Limited government capacity to process\nasylum claims in a reasonable time frame,\nleading to a chronic backlog of cases for\nregistration and documentation (which\nis necessary for eligibility to government\nprogrammes).\n\n- Lack of access to civil documentation to be\neligible for government programmes in some\nof the countries.\n\n- Weaknesses in international donor projects\nwhere detailed UNHCR protection advice\nmay not have been sufficiently incorporated\nin the project\u2019s initial design, resulting in a set\nof protection risks and feasibility challenges\nthat may compromise the impact of the\nproject for refugees.\n\n- The possibility that local authorities may\ndeny access due to a lack of awareness\nof refugees\u2019 rights and central policy, for\nexample, the extension of validity of expired\ndocuments is not recognised by all public\nand private employers.\n\n\n\n\n- The possibility that local authorities may\ntarget refugees for bribes or that host\ncommunities may exploit refugees\u2019 use\nof land. Refugees who are engaged in\neconomic activities are targeted leading to\ndisincentives to take on productive social\nassistance activities.\n\n\n**3.2 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN**\n**GOVERNMENT COVID-19 SOCIAL**\n**PROTECTION RESPONSES**\n\n\nSome refugees and asylum seekers have been\nincluded in five different types of government\nsocial protection responses (summarised in the\nUNHCR study [Social Protection Responses to](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons.pdf)\n[COVID-19 for Forcibly Displaced Persons), which](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons.pdf)\nhelp to mitigate some of the socio-economic and\nprotection impacts of COVID-19.\n\n\n**A. Flexible administrative and registration**\n**processes to access government support**\n\n\n**South Africa** introduced alternative administrative\nmodalities and new procedures in support of the\nasylum process that enabled asylum seekers to\naccess social protection benefits. This includes\na directive from the Ministry of Home Affairs\nextending the validity of asylum seeker and\nrefugee permits until 31 October 2020, online\nmethods of applying for services, as well as a\ntoll-free telephone line, and the strengthening of\nthe existing Gender-Based Violence Command\nCentre. The centre was launched by the\nDepartment of Social Development in November\n2013 and provides immediate care, support\nand counselling to victims of violence. Through\nadvanced technology, staff can determine the\nlocation of the victim and the centre is also linked\nto other government departments and services.\n**Malawi** has also allowed remote registration using\nmobile phone applications where movement has\nbeen restricted.\n\n\n**B. Inclusion in government COVID-19 socio-**\n**economic impact assessments**\n\n\n\nIn **Kenya**, UNHCR worked with the World Bank\nand the Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics to\ninclude four refugee sites in urban areas (Nairobi),\ncamps (Kakuma and Dadaab) and a settlement\n(Kalobeyei), and one stateless population\ngroup (the Shona) alongside nationals in Kenya\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Pedro Costa Gomes. Financial assistance for pregnant_\n_refugees in Cairo, Egypt._ in work to measure the socio-economic impact\n\n\n10 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of COVID-19. This joint effort is led by a data\ncollection firm that interviews a list of families\nprovided by UNHCR. Monthly datasets and a\ndashboard for key indicators were produced\nover six months from June to December 2020.\nThe results have been used to inform support\nfrom international actors, and in the opening\nof negotiations with the Ministry of Labour and\nSocial Protection to include refugees in the\nnational Enhanced Single Registry. Similarly,\nurban refugees in **Djibouti** (from three specific\nneighbourhoods of Djibouti Ville) are included\nin the COVID-19 socio-economic impact\nsurvey led by the United Nations Development\nProgramme, implemented by the Ministry of\nSocial Affairs and Solidarity and the National\nInstitute of Statistics. Urban refugees and\nrefugees registered in the Ali Addeh refugee\nvillage will also be included in the WBG\nCOVID-19 socio-economic impact survey.\nIn **Malawi**, UNHCR and other UN agencies\nsuccessfully advocated for the inclusion of\nrefugees in the national COVID-19 socioeconomic assessment, finalised in June 2020.\nThis has led to the inclusion of refugees in\nthe government\u2019s COVID-19 Socio-Economic\nResponse and Recovery Programme.\n\n\n**C. Social assistance to meet basic needs and**\n**reduce protection risks**\n\n\nThese measures include cash transfers, subsidies\nand in-kind distributions (food, vouchers, school\nfeeding). UNHCR has also expanded and adapted\nits cash assistance in Cameroon, Djibouti, Kenya,\nMalawi, Rwanda and South Africa, [18] focusing\ninitially on urban caseloads. [19]\n\n\n**Cameroon:** The WBG-funded Cameroon\nCOVID-19 Preparedness and Response Project\n(P174108, US$29 million) was set up to support\n10,000 host, IDP (internally displaced person) and\nrefugee families with a US$250 package covering\nfood, water and basic supplies (such as soap,\npersonal hygiene products and other toiletries) to\nbe implemented by the World Food Programme.\nIt will focus on families that are quarantined and\nout-of-camp refugees. This will complement the\ncash transfers to COVID-19 affected families\nas part of the WBG IDA18 Social Safety Nets\nproject. UNHCR is providing a one-off US$130\npayment to some refugee households.\n\n\n**Republic of Congo:** Refugees are included in the\nWBG Lisungi Emergency COVID-19 Response\n\n\n\nProject of the government (P174178, US$50\nmillion) that builds on the existing WBGfinanced Lisungi Social Safety Nets Project,\nproviding:\n\n- A one-off emergency cash transfer of\nUS$82 to 200,000 eligible poor/near-poor\nhouseholds in urban areas.\n\n- Recovery support combining a monthly\nconditional cash transfer of up to US$66 per\nhousehold for 12 months and support for\nsmall-scale IGAs up to US$400 for a total of\n20,000 households.\n\n\nIdentification of refugees who are eligible for the\nassistance has started. As of November, 3,161\nrefugee applications were received through\nthe social registry with around 480 households\nalready receiving support, and more refugee\nfamilies anticipated to benefit. Some urban\nrefugees have also benefitted from small-scale\ngovernment food distributions.\n\n\n**South Africa:** The government has set up a series\nof social assistance benefits largely through the\nSouth African Social Security Agency that includes\nasylum seekers and refugees. Examples include:\n\n- Increased payments of social grants for\nvulnerable groups such as children (US$30/\nmonth) and the disabled and the elderly\n(US$15/month each) for up to six months.\n\n- The Special COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress\nGrant providing benefits to unemployed\npeople and those not receiving other social\ngrants to meet basic needs (US$21/month for\nsix months from May until October).\n\n- Food parcels provided through the\nDepartment of Social Development.\n\n- Shelters for the homeless, offering free meals,\nwere opened during the COVID-19 pandemic\nand benefited refugees.\n\n\nHowever, the inability to comply with the\neligibility criteria and requirements continue\nto restrict persons of concern from accessing\nsocial assistance grants. Many are also not\naware of the support schemes and/or the\napplication process as information may not\nbe widely disseminated in platforms relevant\nto refugees and asylum seekers. As of midJuly 2020, only 3,336 refugees and 173,898\npermanent residents had applied for the Social\nRelief of Distress Grant. [20] One key concern was\nthe impact of the lockdown on GBV. A command\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly datasets", - "confidence": 0.589734673500061, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5617004632949829, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7979143857955933, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.603646993637085, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national Enhanced Single Registry", - "confidence": 0.5310181975364685, - "start": 73, - "end": 77 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7386601567268372, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations Development\nProgramme", - "confidence": 0.5172960758209229, - "start": 108, - "end": 112 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8021948933601379, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COVID-19 socio-economic impact\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.5953599810600281, - "start": 101, - "end": 105 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6560734510421753, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ali Addeh refugee\nvillage", - "confidence": 0.5149311423301697, - "start": 136, - "end": 140 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7869696617126465, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social registry", - "confidence": 0.9863551259040833, - "start": 530, - "end": 532 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Africa", - "confidence": 0.5209858417510986, - "start": 562, - "end": 564 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7735031843185425, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "centre with a helpline was therefore set up by\nthe government to attend to GBV cases.\n\n\n**Malawi:** The government\u2019s National COVID-19\nPreparedness and Response Plan, supported by\nthe COVID-19 Prioritisation Plan for the United\nNations and International Non-Government\nOrganisations, addresses refugees\u2019 access to\nchild protection, psychosocial support and social\nassistance benefits. Coverage of refugees is\ndependent on fund raising, which has yet to allow\nthe full implementation of these plans.\n\n\n**Djibouti:** UNHCR has signed a partnership\nagreement with the Ministry of Social Affairs\nand Solidarity to provide food vouchers to 1,000\nurban refugee and asylum seeker households\nand 200 host families. These are delivered at\nthe _social guichet_ premises managed by the\nMinistry of Social Affairs and Solidarity that\nfacilitates biometric enrolment to the national\nsocial registry. This is linked to the additional\nCOVID-19 component added to the restructured\nWBG IDA18 RSW Integrated Cash Transfer and\nHuman Capital Project (P166220).\n\n\n**D. Labour market support to boost incomes**\n\n\nThese measures include wage subsidies, additional\ntraining, labour regulation adjustments and new\njobs, and loan restructuring. **South Africa** is\noffering 30 per cent financial support for informal\nbusinesses ( _spaza_ ), including those owned by\nrefugees. This has not been extended to asylum\nseekers on the grounds that their permits are\nvalid for only three months, while the programme\nruns for 24 months. Most refugee businesses\nare informal and are unable to comply with the\nsupport scheme requirements, which include\nformal business registration, a tax certificate and\nUnemployment Insurance Fund registration.\n\n\nIn **Malawi**, a government donor is including some\nrefugee and host community farmers in fertiliser\nand maize hybrid input distribution to ensure\nfood production and livelihoods. In **Cameroon**,\na tripartite framework was signed between the\nNational Employment Fund, the International\nLabour Organization (ILO) and UNHCR for the\ninclusion of refugees in employment programmes\nin line with a pledge to partner with the\ngovernment\u2019s National Employment Fund. In the\n**Republic of Congo**, the government is providing\nsupport for IGAs, including grants of US$400\nper person as part of the Lisungi Emergency\n\n\n\nCOVID-19 Response Project. UNHCR and\nother actors are supporting new refugee job\nopportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic, [21]\nincluding refugee health and education workers\nin **Kenya** . UNHCR and partners are also assisting\nin the production of masks and soap in support of\nthe national health response (e.g. in **South Africa** ),\nincluding MADE 51 local social enterprises in\n**Kenya and Rwanda** . UNHCR also works with\nfinancial institutions to help refugees restructure\ntheir loans such as in **Kenya** .\n\n\n**E. Social insurance to add further protection**\n**against impacts**\n\n\nThese measures include health insurance\nsupport, paid leave and unemployment,\npensions, and disability benefits, and more\nflexible or reduced social security contributions.\n**South Africa** allows the inclusion of refugees\nin the Unemployment Insurance Fund for\nthose who have lost employment, although the\napplication process has been reported to be very\nslow. Health insurance remains open to refugees\nalready enrolled in national schemes requiring\ncontributions. UNHCR and ILO will continue\nto organise subsidised payments through\ninternational funding for refugee inclusion in\nhealth insurance schemes, particularly in urban\ncontexts ( **Kenya, Rwanda** and **Ghana** ).\n\n\nWhere refugees and asylum seekers had _de jure_\naccess to government COVID-19 responses\nin government policy or legal instruments, the\nfollowing set of factors affected _de facto_ access\nwhere refugees actually benefited from these\nresponses:\n\n- Closure of government offices and\nsuspension of refugee status determination\nand documentation processes.\n\n- Expiry of documents and permits or a lack of\nrespect of new extension processes.\n\n- Lack of awareness of existing programmes by\nrefugees and/or how to access these.\n\n- Longer-term recovery responses excluding\nasylum seekers given their reliance on shortterm permits.\n\n- Lack of centralised co-ordination of\ngovernment and international COVID-19\nresponses.\n\n- The stalled rollout of government\nprogrammes, including all WBG IDA18 RSW\nsocial protection projects that had already\nagreed to include refugees.\n\n\n\n12 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Duniya Aslam Khan. Business support to Congolese refugee in Uganda._\n\n## 4. FACTORS ENABLING THE INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS\n\n\n\n**There are three core enabling factors that**\n**underpin refugee inclusion across the eight**\n**study countries:**\n\n\n**1. The protection policy environment and**\n**recognition of socio-economic rights (** _**de jure**_\n**inclusion) and consequently the ability to access**\n**benefits (** _**de facto**_ **inclusion).** The recognition\nof socio-economic rights is the gateway to\ngovernment social protection systems, such as\nin Ghana and South Africa. Ensuring that these\nrights are respected at the local level is equally\nimportant. However, the lack of formalised\nrecognition is not a complete barrier to inclusion in\nall contexts. For example, the lack of finalisation of\nnational asylum and refugee laws in the Republic\nof Congo has not prevented the government from\nensuring that a significant portion of refugees\nare included in the National Social Assistance\nProgramme. Similarly, the Kenyan and Rwandan\ngovernments, which restrict refugee rights to a\ndegree, are allowing refugees access to urban\nhealth insurance schemes. Although _de jure_\nrights may be recognised in a given country, this\nmay not always result in _de facto_ access to social\nprotection benefits due to a range of factors\nspecific to each country. This has been the case,\nfor example, for the COVID-19 response of the\nSouth Africa government.\n\n\n\n**2. Inclusion in government systems is underwritten**\n**by international financing that promotes an**\n**area-based approach.** Despite the lack of full\nlegal recognition in the Republic of Congo, Kenya\nand Rwanda, international investments targeting\nrefugee-hosting areas coupled with UNHCR\nsupport (e.g. for health insurance schemes\nin Kenya and Rwanda) facilitate inclusion of\nrefugees and host communities in government\nsocial protection programmes. In particular, the\nWBG IDA18 RSW social protection investments\nare proving to be game changers across the\ncountries where they are implemented. These\nhelp to fulfil the common elements of making\nan attractive business case to the government\nbecause they support the strengthening of the\ngovernment social protection system whilst\nusing an area-based approach benefiting host\nand displaced populations.\n\n\nThese investments are also leveraging the\npolitical influence of the WBG and other\nmultilateral actors, while providing an anchor\npoint for other development donors to\npiggyback their investments (e.g. EU Trust\nFunds; Dutch PROSPECTS funds; DFID/\nForeign, Commonwealth & Development Office;\nSwedish International Development Cooperation\nAgency; German Federal Ministry for Economic\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cooperation and Development [BMZ], French\nDevelopment Agency [AFD] and others). [22]\n\n\n**3. Government capacity at central and local levels.**\nEven where the protection environment is enabling\nand international financing is available, inclusion in\nsocial protection programmes requires sufficient\noperational and staffing capacity at central and local\nlevels of the responsible government agencies. This\nincludes a familiarity with refugee documentation\nand directives. Such capacity is being sufficiently\nreinforced in the Republic of Congo and Djibouti,\nbacked by international financing. In the case\nof the Republic of Congo, UNHCR has signed a\nlocal agreement with the Ministry of Social Affairs\nand Humanitarian Action to help start up some\nactivities while local agency capacity is reinforced.\n\n\nIn South Africa, UNHCR supported the\ngovernment in the development of a data\nmanagement tool and provided technical advice\non GBV issues that helped to keep the inclusion of\nrefugees and asylum seekers on the government\nagenda. Reinforcing the technical and operational\ncapacities of government social protection\nagencies, in turn, allows the government to better\nabsorb internationally funding and to support the\ntimely disbursement of international finance.\n\n\n\n**Three further factors that are important where**\n**government social protection systems are**\n**including refugees, which help to transform** _**de**_\n_**jure**_ **access to rights into** _**de facto**_ **access to social**\n**protection benefits:**\n\n\n**4. Enrolment to the government social registry.**\nSocial registries are normally the gateway\nfor receiving any form of social protection\nbenefit, functioning as information systems\nsupporting outreach, intake, registration and\ndetermination of benefits, as demonstrated in\nSouth Africa. International donors supporting\nthe reinforcement and scale-up of government\nsocial protection systems are systematically\nprioritising the development of social registries\nto help harmonise fragmented social protection\nprogrammes. For example, development and\nscale-up of the social registry is prioritised in\nthe WBG IDA18 RSW projects in Djibouti,\nCameroon and the Republic of Congo. Inclusion\nof refugees in Djibouti\u2019s social protection system\nhas been initiated with the enrolment of refugees\nto the national social registry that makes them\neligible to receive the government\u2019s COVID-19\nbenefits. In Kenya, preparations are underway to\nreinforce the national social registry to include\nrefugees at a later stage. Some governments that\n\n\n\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Caux. Refugee beauty salon entrepreneur in Pretoria, South Africa._\n\n\n14 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "government social registry", - "confidence": 0.9965787529945374, - "start": 289, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Africa", - "confidence": 0.9892696738243103, - "start": 328, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.7186210751533508, - "start": 165, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national social registry", - "confidence": 0.8561607003211975, - "start": 407, - "end": 410 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.5148065686225891, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9831598401069641, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "are developing their social protection systems\nare also linking social registries to other social\nservices such as education and health (e.g. the\nRepublic of Congo, Cameroon and Djibouti).\n\n\n**5. Ability of refugees and asylum seekers to**\n**meet the eligibility and targeting criteria,**\n**including documentation.** The ability of refugees\nto meet the eligibility criteria for enrolment into\nsocial registries and to receive social protection\nbenefits is critical for inclusion. This requires a\nwell-functioning registration and refugee status\ndetermination system that delivers appropriate\ndocumentation, established a digital ID and\nfacilitates access to information detailing the\nrights and the way to access social protection\nprogrammes. This often requires support from\nUNHCR to access social registry and social\nprotection agencies (or facilitate the access of\nthese agencies to remote rural areas).\n\n\nThere are also a set of data-driven and technical\nfactors that UNHCR is supporting in the\nRepublic of Congo, Djibouti, South Africa and\nCameroon that help adapt standard government\nmethodologies to better consider the specific\nvulnerabilities of refugees and asylum seekers.\nThey include: (i) the adaptation of social registry\nenrolment questionnaires and proxy means\ntest methodologies; (ii) the provision of a list\nof refugees that fast-track enrolment to social\nregistries and allocation of social programme\nbenefits; (iii) assistance to national statistics and\nsocial protection agencies to help collect or share\nsocio-economic data for enrolment of refugees\ninto social registries and allocation of benefits\nand (iv) sharing of biometric identification and\nregistration technology.\n\n\n**6. Accompanying and monitoring the inclusion**\n**of refugees.** These efforts help refugees\nand asylum seekers understand how social\nprotection programme processes work and\nthe commitments (or conditionalities) they\nneed to meet. Local authorities who regulate\naccess to programme benefits, services and\nactivities also need to understand how to put in\nplace government policy and legal instruments\nassuring refugee inclusion, and, to play their\nrole in ensuring clear communication on this\nwith host communities to help avoid resentment\nand discrimination. Accompaniment along social\nprotection programme processes may include:\n\n- Provision of information of processes and\nregular updates.\n\n\n\n\n- Support communication and feedback\nmechanisms to ensure that persons of\nconcern have equal and timely access to\ninformation on the preparation and rollout of\nthe social registry and its benefits.\n\n- Specific assistance to refugees and/or social\nprotection programme staff to ensure that\nrefugees access programme processes,\nincluding enrolment, registration for benefits\nand access to in-kind and cash transfers (inhand or through electronic means), productive\nactivities and social services.\n\n- Training of project operators and authorities\non protection and inclusion, and conversely,\nawareness raising among refugees and asylum\nseekers on financial and banking services.\n\n- The ensuring of refugees\u2019 inclusion in grievance\nredress/complaints mechanisms through\nface-to-face or remote methodologies, filling\ngaps where necessary.\n\n- A monitoring system tracking receipt of benefits\nand services and the impacts of these, linked to\nmonitoring of the protection environment. For\nexample, country offices in Ghana, Kenya and\nRwanda are monitoring urban health insurance\nprojects and tying this to protection monitoring.\n\n\nFor example, in the Republic of Congo the\nUNHCR Country Office formulated a Transition\nAction Plan that defined the sequencing of these\ntypes of actions accompanying inclusion across\nthe timeframe of the WBG IDA 18 RSW Social\nProtection Project linked to the timing of Project\nprocesses and contextual milestones. This helped\nto define how UNHCR directly supported the\ngovernment Project Implementation Unit to\nprepare and rollout the Project.\n\n\nTable 1 summarises how these six enabling\nfactors determine the scope of inclusion in the\ncountries covered by the study. It shows how\nthese are at different stages along the pathway\nto inclusion in government systems:\n\n\n**A. Modest or no inclusion** (Malawi and\nCameroon). Significant investments by donors\nin social assistance and shock-responsive\nmechanisms in Malawi have yet to translate\ninto any benefits for refugees. Although a\nWBG IDA18 RSW social assistance project\nexists in Cameroon, there have been long\ndelays in its implementation with very\nmodest coverage planned (e.g. around 9 per\ncent coverage of refugees for cash transfers),\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social registries", - "confidence": 0.9133977890014648, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8752866387367249, - "start": 132, - "end": 133 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.7968117594718933, - "start": 26, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9273057579994202, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social registry\nenrolment questionnaires", - "confidence": 0.98885577917099, - "start": 208, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.719657301902771, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.7511260509490967, - "start": 171, - "end": 174 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.907296359539032, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "list\nof refugees", - "confidence": 0.5728302597999573, - "start": 225, - "end": 228 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6835142970085144, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic data", - "confidence": 0.6996033191680908, - "start": 257, - "end": 259 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6678016781806946, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.9612825512886047, - "start": 530, - "end": 532 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum\nseekers", - "confidence": 0.6748435497283936, - "start": 494, - "end": 498 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and with chronic government capacity\nunlikely to be resolved with the current\nlevels of donor investments. However, the\nWBG IDA18 Social Safety Nets project in\nCameroon will be used to channel additional\nCOVID-19 financing for cash transfers and\nassistance with livelihoods.\n\n\n**B. Partial inclusion achieved or planned**\n**in the next 12 months** (Kenya, Rwanda,\nDjibouti, the Republic of Congo and Ghana).\nDespite the lack of finalised laws and\nlegislation, refugees are being enrolled in\nsocial registries and urban health insurance\nprojects (albeit subsidised by UNHCR in\nKenya and Rwanda). Donor investments\nare positioned to scale up these entry\npoints. In Djibouti, the WBG IDA18 RSW\nSocial Safety Nets project comes with three\nother RSW projects (health, education and\nurban development) and links with the EU\nTrust Fund (noting that coverage is still very\nmodest, including the COVID-19 response\nwith only 1,000 refugees to be enrolled in\nthe social registry with a potential cut of\nbenefits amid restructuring of the WBG\n\n\n\nIDA18 RSW project). The WBG IDA18 RSW\nproject in the Republic of Congo will cover\na significant part of the refugee caseload\n(55 per cent social registry, 18 per cent\ncash transfers and 37 per cent IGA support)\nand offer additional health and education\nsupport; it is also being used to offer\nCOVID-19 cash transfers.\n\n\n**C. Generous access to benefits** (South Africa).\nMany of the enabling factors exist, backed\nby a partnership with UNHCR and the larger\nUN system, which actively accompanies\nrefugees to benefits and services, aligns their\nassistance to fill in basic needs gaps and\nmonitors access to benefits and services.\nAlthough COVID-19 responses are weighted\nto social assistance, other responses cover\nlabour support and social insurance as part of a\ncomprehensive package. This is often backed\nby flexible administrative and registration\nprocesses to avoid disruptions to the access\nof regular social protection benefits and\nCOVID-19 responses. Importantly, in the\ncase of South Africa, inclusion is backed by\ndomestic financing.\n\n\n\n**Table 1: Summary of refugees\u2019 inclusion in social protection systems**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Access to
rights|International
investments
outside
UNHCR|Government
capacity|Social
registry|Eligibility
criteria met|Inclusion in
follow-up
support|Inclusion in
government
programmes|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**_Republic of_**
**_Congo_**|Access in
practce|World Bank
Group (WBG)|_UNHCR to_
_support_|_Good_
_coverage_|_Capacity will be reinforced via_
_the WBG IDA18 RSW project_|_Capacity will be reinforced via_
_the WBG IDA18 RSW project_|_Good coverage_|\n|**_Cameroon_**|Legal access|Limited WBG
coverage|Strong urban,
weaker rural|_Modest_
_coverage_|Local rural capacity
challenges|Local rural capacity
challenges|_Modest_
_coverage_|\n|**_Djibout_**|Legal access|WBG/
European
Union Trust
Funds|Strong urban,
weaker rural|_Modest_
_coverage_|_Capacity will be reinforced_|_Capacity will be reinforced_|Modest
coverage|\n|**_Kenya_**|Partal access
in practce|UK
Department for
Internatonal
Development|Strong urban,
weaker rural|No access|Urban health insurance only|Urban health insurance only|Modest
coverage|\n|**_Rwanda_**|Partal access
in practce|No specifc|Strong urban,
weaker rural|No access|Urban health insurance only|Urban health insurance only|Modest
coverage|\n|**_Malawi_**|Actve
restrictons|No specifc|Social
protecton
actors
support govt.|No access|No access|No access|No coverage|\n|**_Ghana_**|Legal access|Internatonal +
domestc|Some access
barriers|Modest
coverage|Urban health insurance and
rural/camp setngs|Urban health insurance and
rural/camp setngs|Some
coverage|\n|**_South_**
**_Africa_**|Legal access|Domestc|Some access
barriers|Good
coverage|Further
support|UNHCR
support
provided|Some
coverage|\n\n\n\nNote: \u2018Inclusion in government systems\u2019 reflects the coverage of the total refugee caseload and/or access to a comprehensive\nset of benefits in the next 12 months. Any comments in _italics_ refer to what is planned in the near future.\n\n\n16 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Mohamed Alalem. Cash assistance to asylum seekers in Libya._\n\n\n**Two extra enabling factors favour inclusion**\n**in government COVID-19 social protection**\n**responses:**\n\n\n**7. Inclusion in government socio-economic**\n**COVID-19 impact surveys.** The collection and/or\nprovision of UNHCR data to the government and its\npartners (including the World Bank Group) provides\na concrete anchor point to pursue negotiations\nfor inclusion. This is particularly the case where\nUNHCR can demonstrate significant COVID-19\nimpacts on refugees and that refugees meet the\neligibility criteria for social protection responses.\nCouching this within an area-based response that\nincludes host populations is part of this advocacy.\n\n\n**8. Country-wide responses to COVID-19**\n**promoting inclusion.** In some countries, the\nCOVID-19 pandemic has offered opportunities for\nadvocacy on inclusive social protection systems\nfollowing on from nation-wide health responses\nthat included refugees (\u201cwe are in this together\u201d).\nThis is particularly the case with Country Offices\nthat were already actively engaged with local and\ncentral levels of government, the World Bank\nGroup and other development donors working\nto reinforce government social protection\nprogrammes. Some Country Offices have\nadvocated for refugee inclusion in the additional\ninternational financing channelled through social\nprotection systems and in upcoming economic\nstimulus packages that reinforced social protection\nprogrammes in hosting areas.\n\n\n**Two further enabling factors are important for**\n**working towards inclusion over the medium term:**\n\n\n**9. Advocacy and co-ordination of Country Offices**\n**with government social protection agencies**\n**are critical.** Some Country Offices are investing\n\n\n\nsignificant advocacy efforts on policy, strategy,\nfunding and technical issues with governments\nand donors where refugee and asylum seekers\nare not eligible for government social protection\nprogrammes. For example, Kenya has supported\ngovernment social protection policy formulation,\nlegal framework and co-ordination processes and\ncollaboration with local government agencies at\nKakuma and with the emerging pension scheme\nrolling out in urban areas. Many Country Offices are\nalso regularly participating in government and/or\nUN-led social protection sectors/working groups\nto advocate for the extension of social protection\nprogrammes to refugee-hosting areas including\nscaled-up coverage of host populations.\n\n\n**10. Advancing refugees\u2019 self-reliance is also a**\n**powerful advocacy tool** for inclusion in social\nprotection systems as an entry point to short- and\nlong-term labour and employment programmes\nin national social protection policies. This also\nprovides the government with positive business\ncase elements (refugees will contribute to\nnational systems, defining an exit strategy out\nof non-contributory social assistance benefits).\nFor example, increasing the capacity of refugees\nto pay into national health insurance schemes\nvia livelihoods and IGAs is carried out in urban\nhealth insurance projects in Kenya, Rwanda and\nGhana. Further, Rwanda has invested significant\nefforts to define a joint UNHCR-government\neconomic inclusion strategy for refugees backed\nby the government and international donors that\nis used to advocate for the inclusion of refugees in\nsocial and economic services (WBG IDA18 RSW\nSocio-Economic Inclusion of Refugees and Host\nCommunities in Rwanda Project, MINEMA-WFP\nMisizi Marshland Project funded by IKEA and\nDenmark, inclusion of refugees in the National\nHousing and Population Census in 2022).\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Otieno. Bank ATM card used to receive Cash Assistance from UNHCR in Kenya._\n\n## 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n\nUNCHR Country Offices have engaged in the\ninclusion of refugees in government social\nprotection programmes given that 76% of refugees\nlive in protracted situations of displacement\nthat is beyond the capacity of the international\nhumanitarian system to predicably meet basic\nneeds. With less than 1% of refugees realising\na durable solution, inclusion in government\nprogrammes represents a pragmatic bridge\nbetween emergency assistance and durable\nsolutions. This at once can promote medium-term\nbenefits to assistance whilst preparing the way for\na durable solution in the future.\n\n\nInclusion in social protection systems is strategic\nin contexts of protracted displacement as they\npotentially link to multiple sectors of assistance,\nnormally house government family and protection\nservices (or social welfare services), are the\ngateway to access social services such as the\npublic health and education systems via social\nregistries, and, support financial and economic\ninclusion. As the experience with COVID-19\nhas shown, shock-responsive or adaptive social\nprotection mechanisms can also be used to\nmanage widespread shocks.\n\n\nHowever, this study has shown that government\nsocial protection systems are at different stages\nof development with varying types and levels\n\n\n\nof benefits and services potentially available for\nrefugees. Some host-country systems are nascent\nwith modest capacity supported by international\ndonors. Other systems are in development and\nexpanding benefits, whilst well-developed systems\nhave fully fledged and domestically-financed social\nsecurity services. Inclusion of refugees across\nthe government systems examined in this study\noccurs as pathway, with progress regulated by ten\nenabling factors for inclusion outlined in section\n4. In many of the contexts in this study, inclusion\ninto all government social protection programmes\non par with those accessed by citizens is not\nyet possible, with progress along a pathway to\ninclusion as follows [23] :\n\n- **Humanitarian assistance delivered totally**\n**in parallel with government programmes**,\nwhere little or none of the enabling factors\nare present: representing traditional \u2018care and\nmaintenance\u2019 programming.\n\n- **Assistance aligned to government programmes**\nwhere there is some progress on enabling\nfactors: alignment prepares for further progress\non transitioning and incorporates delivery\napproaches of the government system that\nare coordinated with the government (e.g. the\nmode of cash transfer delivery, the type of\nlivelihoods or productive activity promoted,\nand so on.), and;\n\n\n\n18 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **Harmonised area-based programmes covering**\n**host and displaced populations** that do not yet\nfacilitate refugee enrolment to social registries\nor other forms of formal recognition by the\ngovernment, where there is further progress\non enabling factors: these programmes may\nuse the same targeting, delivery mechanisms,\nmonitoring systems in the same location serving\nboth host and refugee and populations under a\ncommon programme that works to strengthen\nthe government social protection system.\n\n- **Inclusion in government systems,** with\nrefugees enrolled in the social registry and\nvarying degrees of access to government\nprogrammes and international funding\nsupporting inclusion. UNHCR continues to\nprovide complementary assistance where\nneeds are not fully covered by the government.\n\n\nThe following recommendations support the\noperationalisation of the national protection and\nsolutions strategies and the inclusion agenda\ncalled for in the Global Compact on Refugees.\nUNHCR and other international actor country\nteams can opt to better consider the inclusion of\nforcibly displaced persons in government social\nprotection systems by:\n\n\n**A. Periodically mapping existing government**\n**social protection systems, accompanying**\n**legislation and planned programmes.** This\nmeans monitoring changes in policy and laws\ndefining access to socio-economic rights,\ndocumenting what benefits and services they\ndeliver, to whom (including coverage), which\ngovernment and international agencies support\nthem and how they are financed. Government\nauthorities, UN agencies, the World Bank\nGroup and other regional multilaterals, and\nsome non-governmental organisations are key\ndepositories of such information.\n\n\n**B. Analysing social protection programmes**\n**(existing and planned) and identify the most**\n**appropriate benefits and services that could**\n**serve the national protection and solutions**\n**strategy.** This means understanding which\nof these programmes are most suitable for\nthe context and overall objectives, which\nsocial protection benefits are more readily\naccessible, whether they favour specific\npopulations of concern (for example, rural\nversus urban populations, specifically\ntargeted groups such as women, children,\nthe elderly, people with disabilities, youth,\n\n\n\nworking-age people). Importantly this also\nmeans examining the eligibility criteria for\nsocial registries and targeting criteria for\ndifferent types of benefits (e.g. poverty or\nfood security situation, categorical groups,\ndocumentation, conditionality attached to\nreceiving benefits, contributory benefits).\n**C. Defining the priority actions to support and**\n**plan the resourcing and partnerships required**\n**for action** . This planning can include the\nfollowing options that reinforce the enabling\nfactors identified in the study, carefully\nadapted to each operational context. Over\ntime, this will mean:\n\n - **Helping governments and development**\n**actors open windows of inclusion** in\nexisting government social protection\nand COVID-19 response programmes for\nforcibly displaced persons.\n\n - **Progressively aligning humanitarian**\n**assistance to these programmes** and setting\nup referral processes that prepare and\naccompany forcibly displaced persons to\ngovernment social protection programmes.\n\n - **Ensuring coherent action by actors across**\n**the humanitarian-development-peace**\n**nexus** from the central to local level through\na government-led transition action plan, [24]\nwhich helps to operationalise the national\nprotection and solutions strategy.\n\n\n**The following options for country teams to**\n**reinforce the inclusion of forcibly displaced persons**\n**in government programmes can be chosen and**\n**adapted according to their specific country context:**\n\n**1. Work to narrow the gap between** _**de jure**_ **and**\n_**de facto**_ **access to government systems** by\nstrengthening the application of international\nand government legal and policy instruments,\nbacked by a solid business case to governments\nfor inclusion.\n\n**2. Scale up multilateral and development funding**\nfor refugee-hosting areas that promotes an\narea-based approach that increases coverage\nfor host and displaced populations.\n\n**3. Scale up local and central government capacity**\noffering support that enables forcibly displaced\npersons to reach government programmes\nand for government agencies to reach forcibly\ndisplaced persons. This includes reinforcing\nmechanisms of co-ordination between all\nrelevant government, international and local\nactors; training authorities on protection and\n\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugee issues; supporting awareness\ncampaigns and grievance and redress\nmechanisms; conducting monitoring and\nevaluation exercises and offering logistical\nsupport as government agencies scale up\ntheir operational capacity.\n\n**4. Support the preparation of government social**\n**registries to enrol forcibly displaced persons**,\nincluding helping government agencies collect\nrelevant survey data, adapting enrolment\nmethodologies according to refugee situations,\nsupporting the logistics for enrolment and\nputting in place procedures to share data\nrelated to forcibly displaced persons with\nthe government (ensuring relevant consent,\nprotection and privacy measures).\n\n**5. Ensure that forcibly displaced persons can**\n**meet eligibility criteria** for social registries and\nprocesses that determine the allocation of\nbenefits. This includes scaling up government\ncapacity to provide civil documentation and\ndigital IDs and assisting government agencies\nin targeting exercises.\n\n**6. Accompany referrals and monitor the inclusion**\n**of forcibly displaced persons**, ensuring that\nthese persons understand how social protection\nprogrammes work while mitigating protection\nrisks, as well as resentment and discrimination\nby communities and/or local authorities. This is\nideally supported by a monitoring system that\ntracks the reception of benefits and services,\ntheir impact and protection risks.\n\n**7. Advocate for, and support, the inclusion**\n**of forcibly displaced persons in government**\n**socio-economic COVID-19 impact surveys**\nincluding the collection and/or provision of data.\n\n**8. Promote inclusion in COVID-19 recovery**\n**and economic stimulus packages** building\non programmes that already include forcibly\ndisplaced persons. This includes providing\nevidence of how coverage can be extended to\nrefugee-hosting areas to benefit all populations.\n\n**9. Support advocacy for inclusion and co-**\n**ordination with government social protection**\n**agencies** as a coherent approach by actors\nworking across the humanitarian-developmentpeace nexus.\n\n**10. Promote financial and economic inclusion**\n**programmes** that reinforce the self-reliance\nof forcibly displaced persons to demonstrate\nhow these persons can exit out of noncontributory benefits to stable informal and\nformal labour opportunities.\n\n\n\nThe following actions for supporting the inclusion\nof refugees in COVID-19 recovery programmes\ncan also be considered by country teams, further\nunpacking recommendations 8 and 9, above [25] :\n\n- **Scale up protection and COVID-19 impact**\n**monitoring and the inclusion of refugees in**\n**national COVID-19 socio-economic impact**\n**assessments** . This provides the evidence\nbase to inform the response of government\nand international actors. These socioeconomic data sets can be used to provide\nor update data baselines for the longer-term\ninclusion of refugees in government social\nprotection programmes.\n\n- **Build on the good practice of including**\n**refugees to government COVID-19 health**\n**responses** promoting national coverage, and\nongoing government COVID-19 responses\nvia social assistance and worker support\nprogrammes. These successes and the pooling\nof international funding can support the\ninclusion of all living in refugee-hosting areas\nto government socio-economic COVID-19\nresponses.\n\n- **Channel** **COVID-19** **social** **assistance**\n**support to refugees via existing government**\n**programmes** that were already set up to include\nrefugees before the onset of COVID-19,\nsaving time and further contributing to build\nthe long-term capacity of the programme.\nWhere possible, scale up access to civil\ndocumentation and digital identification, enrol\nrefugees to government social registries and\npromote financial inclusion as part of receiving\nCOVID-19 social protection benefits.\n\n- **Scale up the assistance of international**\n**organisations to fill the gaps in government**\n**responses** in refugee-hosting areas, fasttracking support in areas with lower local\ngovernment capacity, and ensuring this\nis aligned to government programmes\nwherever possible.\n\n\nUNHCR and other actors promoting inclusion\nwill need to identify the context-specific status\nof the enabling factors for inclusion outlined in\nthis report and focus their action to unlock the\nchallenges preventing further progress on these\nfactors. While this study has focused on refugee\ninclusion, many of these recommendations are\nrelevant for supporting the inclusion of other\ngroups of forcibly displaced persons including\nasylum seekers, internally displaced persons and\nstateless groups.\n\n\n\n20 INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.9103906750679016, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee-hosting areas", - "confidence": 0.5026201009750366, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "forcibly displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.9430938959121704, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national COVID-19 socio-economic impact", - "confidence": 0.7428687810897827, - "start": 455, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9354074001312256, - "start": 406, - "end": 407 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic data sets", - "confidence": 0.9693701267242432, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee-hosting areas", - "confidence": 0.7476678490638733, - "start": 566, - "end": 568 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.960627555847168, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7354663610458374, - "start": 762, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.8730788826942444, - "start": 807, - "end": 808 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.709848940372467, - "start": 800, - "end": 801 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ENDNOTES\n\n1 [UNHCR (2020) Global Trends \u2013 Forced Displacement in 2020. Geneva.](https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/#:~:text=During 2020%2C several crises,within and beyond countries' borders.)\n\n2 A refugee inclusion pathway model is outlined in an internal report, UNHCR (2017) Harnessing social protection for forcibly displaced\npeople \u2013 A conceptual review, replicated in the [EU SPaN (2019) Operational note 10: Forced Displacement (p. 13). Modalities for the](https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/pafiriz/documents/span-2019-operational-note-10-forced-displacement)\n[alignment of cash assistance with government social safety nets are outlined in UNHCR (2019) Aligning Humanitarian Cash Assistance with](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5cc011417/aligning-humanitarian-cash-assistance-national-social-safety-nets-refugee.html)\n[National Social Safety Nets in Refugee Settings: Key Considerations and Learning. Geneva.](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5cc011417/aligning-humanitarian-cash-assistance-national-social-safety-nets-refugee.html)\n\n3 A/RES/3/217 A.\n\n4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, No. 14531.\n\n5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.\n\n6 CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982).\n\n7 [Social Protection Inter-Agency Cooperation Board.](https://www.ilo.org/newyork/at-the-un/social-protection-inter-agency-cooperation-board/lang--en/index.htm)\n\n8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 606, No. 8791; particularly Chapter III on Gainful Employment articles and Chapter IV on Welfare\narticles, in particular Public Education, Public Relief, Labour Legislation and Social Security (including Public Health).\n\n9 See article 24 of the Convention.\n\n10 \u201cArticle 23. Public relief: \u201cThe Contracting States shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their territory the same treatment with\nrespect to public relief and assistance as is accorded to their nationals.\u201d\n\n11 In particular, paragraph 83 of the New York Declaration commits the development of national strategies within the framework of national\nsocial protection systems.\n\n12 Paragraph 81 in particular.\n\n13 This includes the provision of fertiliser and seed subsidies; improving land rights and tenure security; promoting agricultural extension\nservices with improved technologies; improving access to agricultural inputs linked to the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty\nprogramme; developing and disseminating gender-sensitive appropriate technologies along the agricultural value chain; distributing free\nplanting materials to farmers, mainly roots and tubers, under the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program; providing credit under\nthe Rice Sector Support Project and Northern Rural Growth Programme and implementing the Rural and Agricultural Finance Programme.\n\n14 Provision of matching grants to agricultural enterprises; credit-in-kind programme for small ruminants; inclusion of youth in agriculture\nprogrammes and free extension of service delivery.\n\n15 In addition to waivers for services covered under the National Health Insurance Scheme and the Social Security and National Insurance\nTrust, other relevant initiatives include: free health care for pregnant women; de-worming in collaboration with the community-based\nNeglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme; tuberculosis and malaria awareness, prevention and support; care and support for cured\nlepers and mental-health-related initiatives (under the Mental Health Legislation).\n\n[16 Ghana\u2019s National Health Insurance Scheme: http://www.nhis.gov.gh/about.aspx.](http://www.nhis.gov.gh/about.aspx)\n\n17 1001 U.N.T.S. 45.\n\n18 Figures from the UNHCR Cash-based Interventions\u2019 Post-Distribution Monitoring Surveys, January-June 2020.\n\n[19 UNHCR has summarised COVID-19 cash transfer projects in its first and second papers on emerging field practices.](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/COVID19 v3 online.pdf)\n\n20 Parliamentary Monitoring Group, \u201cQuestion NW940 to the Minister of Social Development\u201d, 20 July 2020, https://pmg.org.za/committeequestion/14091/.\n\n21 UNHCR, \u201cCOVID-19 Emerging Practices on Livelihoods and Economic Inclusion\u2019\u2019, 2020, https://www.unhcr.org/5ecfacab4.\n\n22 For example, the WBG IDA18 RSW, WBG IDA18 grants and the WBG IDA19 Window for Host Communities and Refugees is looking to\nexpand the inclusion of refugees in social protection systems in other African countries not covered by the study (i.e., Burkina Faso, Burundi,\nChad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Niger and Sudan).\n\n23 A refugee inclusion pathway model is outlined in an internal report, UNHCR (2017) Harnessing social protection for forcibly displaced\npeople \u2013 A conceptual review, replicated in the [EU SPaN (2019) Operational note 10: Forced Displacement (p. 13). Modalities for the](https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/pafiriz/documents/span-2019-operational-note-10-forced-displacement)\n[alignment of cash assistance with government social safety nets is outlined in UNHCR (2019) Aligning Humanitarian Cash Assistance with](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5cc011417/aligning-humanitarian-cash-assistance-national-social-safety-nets-refugee.html)\n[National Social Safety Nets in Refugee Settings: Key Considerations and Learning. Geneva.](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5cc011417/aligning-humanitarian-cash-assistance-national-social-safety-nets-refugee.html)\n\n24 UNHCR Country Offices have trialled Transition Action Plans in Mauritania and the Republic of Congo.\n\n25 See the accompanying UNHCR paper on [Social Protection Responses to COVID-19 Responses For Forcibly Displaced Persons](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons.pdf)\nand complementary lessons learnt by UNHCR cash assistance and livelihoods programmes during COVID-19 in the [UNHCR Thematic](https://reporting.unhcr.org/covid-19)\n[Updates page](https://reporting.unhcr.org/covid-19)\n\n\nINCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN GOVERNMENT\nSOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA\n\n\nSocio-Economic Inclusion Service (SEIS)\nDivision of Resilience and Solutions (DRS)\n\n\nJanuary 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd86536f-7a81-3d16-a7e5-f70e3c8de951/61bb42624.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_146/raw/doc_146_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_146/raw/doc_146_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4c2908595de2b4fed85435e95c3cb08d238fd04a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_146/raw/doc_146_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29ee6a8f-66d9-3146-b02d-fc7bc32f25ed/62360.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Table of Contents\n\n**Overview** ................................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection and Urban Outreach Strategy 2017-2019** .................................................. 2\n\n\n**Methodology and Geographical Focus** ...................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n**Multifunctional Teams** .............................................................................................................................. 3\n\n\n**Key Findings** .............................................................................................................................................. 4\n\n\nTheme 1: Community Self-Management ............................................................................................ 4\n\n\nTheme 2: Positive Coping Mechanisms / Self-Reliance / Decision-Making........................................... 6\n\n\nTheme 3: Access to Basic Services ...................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nTheme 4: Safety and Security ............................................................................................................. 9\n\n\nTheme 5: Education / Health / Persons with Specific Needs ............................................................... 9\n\n\nTheme 6: Information Needs / Communication with Communities ....................................................11\n\n\n**Key Recommendations for Community-Based Protection Activities** ........................................................12\n\n\nTheme 1: Community Self-Management ...........................................................................................12\n\n\nTheme 2: Positive Coping Mechanisms / Self-Reliance / Decision-Making..........................................13\n\n\nTheme 3: Access to Basic Services .....................................................................................................14\n\n\nTheme 4: Safety and Security ............................................................................................................14\n\n\nTheme 5: Education / Health / Persons with Specific Needs ..............................................................15\n\n\nTheme 6: Information Needs / Communication with Communities ....................................................15\n\n\n**Conclusions** ..............................................................................................................................................16\n\n\nPage | 1\n\n\n", - 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{ - "input_text": "**2021 High-Level Officials Meeting**\n**Summary of Key Recommendations and Follow-Up Actions**\n\n\nTwenty key recommendations for the future were identified as a part of the stocktaking in the lead-up to and\nduring the High-Level Officials Meeting (HLOM). Following is a summary of the recommendations and areas for\naction. It reflects inputs by States and other stakeholders during the regional, stakeholder, and thematic\nstocktaking events and processes, virtual preparatory roundtables, side and linked events, spotlight sessions,\npanels, the HLOM plenary discussion, and the GCR Indicator Report. For more detailed information in relation\n[to these recommendations and action points, please see the Outcome Document for the HLOM.](https://www.unhcr.org/623dd8834/high-level-officials-meeting-2021-outcome-document)\n\n_**Cross-cutting recommendations**_\n\n**Recommendation 1: Implement current GRF pledges and develop new ones to address identified gaps**\n**and needs.**\n\n- Concretise broad pledges that remain in progress.\n\n- Adapt and innovate pledges where necessary to address changing needs.\n\n- Match and align financial, material, and technical pledges with host country policy pledges.\n\n- [Report on progress made towards pledge implementation](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/pledge-follow-up) .\n\n- Ensure that new pledges are needs-driven, quantifiable, additional, sustainable, inclusive, AGD-sensitive,\nand aligned with the GCR indicators.\n\n**Recommendation 2: Enhance access to international protection.**\n\n- Provide asylum and access to territory, which are key to responsibility sharing.\n\n- Develop refugee and asylum laws, policies and systems that are in line with international standards.\n\n- Provide expertise and resources to develop or strengthen national asylum systems.\n\n- Ensure proper documentation for refugees, asylum-seekers, and returnees through dialogue and\ncollaboration between countries of origin and countries of asylum.\n\n- Strengthen and extend national child protection systems to include refugees.\n\n**Recommendation 3: Reduce statelessness.**\n\n- Develop and strengthen systems for the identification and protection of stateless persons.\n\n- Provide financial support for statelessness-related programming.\n\n- Increase efforts to reach the objective of the _#IBelong_ Campaign to End Statelessness by 2024.\n\n- Broaden the base of support to accelerate progress in addressing statelessness.\n\n- Mainstream and integrate priorities to protect stateless people and prevent statelessness in the GCR\nprocess.\n\n- Develop flexible new approaches and the use of technology by national governments and municipalities to\nensure access to birth registration.\n\n**Recommendation 4: Make better use of combined humanitarian, development, and peace capacities to**\n**achieve the GCR objectives** .\n\n- Enhance cooperation and coordination between political, humanitarian, development, and peace actors.\n\n- Strengthen coordination of humanitarian assistance, development, and peacebuilding efforts and between\nlocal communities and governments.\n\n- Improve reporting and analysis across engaged development actors.\n\n- Ensure more predictable collaboration between humanitarian, development, and peace actors to bring\nintegrated approaches to solutions.\n\n**Recommendation 5: Build attention to climate change into how we do business.**\n\n- Reframe our narrative to recognise and address climate change as a risk multiplier.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d46ad8f-a333-301d-849c-741b438fca2e/623dea4b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Innovate to develop responses that enhance the resilience of refugees and their hosts to climate change.\n\n- Provide funding for environmental protection, habitat restoration, land rehabilitation, and agroforestry.\n\n- Invest in sustainable energy in refugee-hosting areas to promote access to electricity and connectivity.\n\n- Engage displaced persons in community-led disaster prevention and preparedness and in identifying,\ndesigning, and supporting solutions.\n\n**Recommendation 6: Facilitate more systematic, inclusive, and meaningful refugee participation.**\n\n- Include refugees in GCR follow-up at all levels (local, regional, and global).\n\n- Provide direct, flexible funding for refugee-led organisations (RLOs).\n\n- Address barriers to refugee engagement, including through equal partnership approaches.\n\n- Apply approaches to the reception and treatment of refugees that foster amicable and mutually beneficial\nrelationships with host communities.\n\n- Involve refugees in efforts to increase educational pathways and employment opportunities, freedom of\nmovement, and access to documentation.\n\n- Consider the specific needs, priorities, and capacities of different members of refugee populations through\nan age, gender, diversity approach to make interventions more effective.\n\n**Recommendation 7: Enhance the data available to support effective action and investment in refugee**\n**situations.**\n\n- Systematise national and international data collection on refugees.\n\n- Strengthen and systematize tracking of refugee financing by all stakeholders.\n\n- Continue and extend efforts to build the evidence base on financing for refugee situations, self-reliance of\nrefugees and host communities, and solutions.\n\n- Enhance synergies between modern and traditional data instruments to establish robust tracking\nmechanisms.\n\n- Strengthen capacities and efforts towards data collection and analysis disaggregated by age, gender, and\ndiversity.\n\n- Facilitate collaboration between refugees and host communities, national statistical offices, civil society\norganisations, and UN partners in data collection efforts.\n\n- Facilitate access of local authorities to social and economic data on the refugees they host.\n\n- Facilitate participation of refugees in all relevant processes of data collection, analysis, and dissemination.\n\n- Engage the private sector in generating evidence on economic inclusion of refugees.\n\n**Recommendation 8: Strengthen private sector engagement in support of GCR objectives.**\n\n- Engage across the spectrum of philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, and shared value creation.\n\n- Address policy, legal, and regulatory hurdles that constrain market-based private sector engagement in\nrefugee-hosting areas.\n\n- Further develop and replicate innovative financing schemes such as social impact bonds, bank guarantees,\nand entrepreneurial mechanisms.\n\n- Strengthen the key enablers for piloting and scaling of promising initiatives with the private sector.\n\n- Scale up cash-based interventions to catalyse private sector participation.\n\n- Develop programmes and initiatives that include refugees and host communities as integral parts of their\ncore businesses and value chains.\n\n- Enhance cooperation between the private sector and humanitarian actors to advance refugee rights, selfreliance, inclusion, capacities, and third-country solutions.\n\n- Develop socio-economic integration mechanisms that respond to local needs and create trust between the\nprivate sector and humanitarian actors.\n\n\n_**GCR objective 1: Ease pressures on host countries**_\n\n**Recommendation 9: Intensify efforts towards more equitable burden and responsibility sharing.**\n\n- Broaden the base of support beyond the main refugee-hosting countries, donors, and institutions.\n\n- Invest diplomatic and political capital to operationalise responsibility sharing across all refugee situations.\n\n- Strengthen investment, cooperation, and political engagement through the Support Platforms.\n\n**Recommendation 10: Increase development financing in support of refugee situations.**\n\n- Expand cooperation with bilateral development actors and multilateral development banks.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d46ad8f-a333-301d-849c-741b438fca2e/623dea4b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Ensure diversified and flexible financial instruments for short-term humanitarian and longer-term\ndevelopment efforts.\n\n- Include refugees in national datasets, plans, and budgets.\n\n- Identify and cost the extensions and improvements to national service delivery systems.\n\n- Ensure that refugee-hosting localities are able to access financial support intended for them.\n\n- Upscale financial and technical support for local authorities to include refugees, migrants, and internally\ndisplaced persons in the provision of their services.\n\n\n**Recommendation 11: Provide more flexible, predictable, and multi-year funding for refugee responses.**\n\n- Scale up flexible, predictable, and multi-year development funding.\n\n- Increase sustained and flexible financial support for organisations led by youth, women, refugees, and local\nactors.\n\n\n_**GCR objective 2: Enhance refugee self-reliance**_\n\n**Recommendation 12: Increase social inclusion for refugees.**\n\n- Support refugee and host community youth to develop capacities and skills and maintain physical and\nemotional well-being.\n\n- Scale up innovative approaches and strengthened partnerships to enhance socio-economic inclusion.\n\n- Invest in capacitating local authorities and local civil society to support refugee integration, inclusion, and\nlocal solutions.\n\n- Scale up initiatives that tackle racism and xenophobia.\n\n- Realise the potential of sport to promote inclusion and protection.\n\n- Engage and support universities to promote refugee self-reliance.\n\n- Draw on local-level knowledge and expertise in refugee-hosting areas to inform national development plans.\n\n- Ensure an age, gender, diversity (AGD) approach to refugee inclusion.\n\n**Recommendation 13: Increase economic inclusion and access to livelihoods.**\n\n- Provide refugees the legal right to employment.\n\n- Increase job and livelihood opportunities (including access to land) to facilitate socio-economic inclusion.\n\n- Provide targeted investments for inclusive national policies and approaches to jobs and livelihoods.\n\n- Ensure that age, gender, diversity, and disability are focus areas for improvement.\n\n- Enhance collaboration with local institutions that provide tailored and contextualised livelihoods\nprogramming.\n\n- Take steps towards facilitating better access to services for economic inclusion\n\n- Ensure that persons of concern are systematically included in all forms of social protection on par with\nnationals.\n\n- Address barriers to accessing livelihoods and economic inclusion beyond labour law and economic activity.\n\n- Build the evidence base to inform advocacy and support for economic inclusion.\n\n**Recommendation 14: Expand access to quality primary, secondary, and higher education.**\n\n- Invest in all stages of the education cycle.\n\n- Explore and implement innovative approaches to learning, such as digitalisation and connected classrooms.\n\n- Encourage meaningful participation and inclusion of refugees in education in the design, implementation,\nand review of education interventions.\n\n- Conduct \u2018education equity audits\u2019 to inform governments\u2019 pandemic recovery planning and address\ninequities faced by refugee students and educators.\n\n\n**Recommendation 15: Provide refugees with healthcare through strengthened national systems.**\n\n- Include refugees in national health systems and policies.\n\n- Systematically integrate mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in humanitarian and\ndevelopment planning.\n\n- Encourage a more refugee-inclusive response to health emergencies, including refugee access to testing,\ntreatment, and vaccinations for COVID-19.\n\n- Take steps to enable refugees to join the regular health workforce.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national datasets", - "confidence": 0.9860656261444092, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9861055016517639, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education equity audits", - "confidence": 0.9961898326873779, - "start": 497, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students and educators", - "confidence": 0.7896813154220581, - "start": 513, - "end": 517 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d46ad8f-a333-301d-849c-741b438fca2e/623dea4b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Expand adaptations made to health services, such as switching to tele-medicine and remote case\nmanagement.\n\n\n_**GCR objective 3: Expand access to third-country solutions**_\n\n**Recommendation 16: Increase the volume of resettlement opportunities for refugees.**\n\n- Provide multi-year commitments and expansion of existing programmes for resettlement and family\nreunification.\n\n- Broaden the base of countries providing resettlement opportunities.\n\n- Ensure that complementary pathways remain additional to resettlement and family reunification.\n\n- Expand multi-sectoral partnerships to facilitate, promote and advocate for third-country solutions.\n\n- Encourage greater community sponsorship.\n\n\n**Recommendation 17: Build additional complementary pathways to third-country solutions.**\n\n- Expand education pathways in third countries.\n\n- Provide pathways for displaced and host-community scholars to work in academia.\n\n- Develop labour pathways through policy changes and private sector engagement.\n\n- Contribute financial or in-kind support for actors who are developing admission pathways.\n\n- Review and adjust legislation and policies that continue to pose barriers to refugees.\n\n- Develop initiatives to reduce or cover the costs often incurred by refugees.\n\n- Provide pro bono legal representation for refugees who face legal obstacles.\n\n- Give greater priority to family reunification.\n\n- Simplify the application process and provide additional assistance to support refugees to use it.\n\n- Remove barriers to labour and education pathways.\n\n_**GCR objective 4: Support conditions in countries of origin for return in safety and**_\n_**dignity**_\n\n**Recommendation 18: Mobilise more resources in support of voluntary return.**\n\n- Provide increased financing for governments and other stakeholders to support and enable voluntary return.\n\n- Use the 2023 GRF pledging process to demonstrate and mobilise increased commitments of resources in\nsupport of voluntary return.\n\n\n**Recommendation 19: Strengthen the planning and implementation of voluntary return.**\n\n- Ensure return planning is based on protection standards and principles.\n\n- Plan and secure resources for reintegration measures early on.\n\n- Ensure that returning refugees can safely access justice systems and legal support.\n\n- Underpin voluntary return and reintegration with investments in national capacities and systems.\n\n- Direct development investments into strengthening local economies and service provision systems.\n\n- Apply programmes and approaches that enhance social cohesion, including area-based investments.\n\n**Recommendation 20: Improve cooperation to address root causes and build peace in countries of**\n**origin.**\n\n- Mobilise increased development and peace capacities to address root causes in countries of origin.\n\n- Increase early investment in peacebuilding and conflict prevention.\n\n- Strengthen the cooperation between political, humanitarian, development, peace, and financing actors.\n\n- Ensure ongoing dialogue with communities to inform policy, planning, and programming.\n\n- Strengthen and support the peacebuilding aspect of responses to refugee and returnee situations.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d46ad8f-a333-301d-849c-741b438fca2e/623dea4b4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_148/raw/doc_148_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_148/raw/doc_148_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6c2ba06134a69da13a1e314de27f7fc676c998e6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_148/raw/doc_148_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**R\u00e9union de hauts responsables de 2021**\n**R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des principales recommandations et des mesures de suivi**\n\n\nLors de la pr\u00e9paration et de la tenue de la R\u00e9union de hauts responsables, vingt principales recommandations\npour l\u2019avenir ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es dans le cadre des op\u00e9rations d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de ces recommandations\net des domaines d'action est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ci-apr\u00e8s. Ceux-ci d\u00e9coulent des contributions des \u00c9tats et d\u2019autres parties\nprenantes lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements et processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation th\u00e9matique des parties prenantes au plan r\u00e9gional,\ndes tables rondes pr\u00e9paratoires virtuelles, des \u00e9v\u00e9nements en marge et li\u00e9s, des sessions _spotlight_, des panels,\ndes d\u00e9bats en pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re \u00e0 la R\u00e9union de hauts responsables, du rapport sur les indicateurs du pacte mondial\nsur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Pour des informations plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur ces recommandations et points d\u2019action, bien vouloir\n[consulter le document final de la R\u00e9union de hauts responsables](https://www.unhcr.org/623dd8834/high-level-officials-meeting-2021-outcome-document) (en anglais).\n\n\n_**Recommandations transversales**_\n\n**Recommandation 1 : Ex\u00e9cuter les engagements actuels pris au Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et en**\n**prendre de nouveaux pour combler les lacunes et satisfaire les besoins identifi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Concr\u00e9tiser les engagements larges demeur\u00e9s en cours.\n\n- Adapter et innover les engagements, si n\u00e9cessaire, pour satisfaire les besoins \u00e9volutifs.\n\n- Apparier et aligner les engagements financiers, mat\u00e9riels et techniques avec les engagements des pays\nd\u2019accueil en mati\u00e8re de politiques.\n\n- [Rendre compte des progr\u00e8s accomplis dans l'ex\u00e9cution des engagements.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/pledge-follow-up)\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les nouveaux engagements soient inspir\u00e9s par les besoins ; qu\u2019ils soient quantifiables,\nadditionnels, durables, inclusifs ; qu\u2019ils tiennent compte des dimensions \u00e2ge, genre et diversit\u00e9 et qu\u2019ils\ns\u2019alignent sur les indicateurs du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n**Recommandation 2 : Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la protection internationale.**\n\n- Accorder l\u2019asile et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au territoire, \u00e9l\u00e9ments-cl\u00e9s de partage des responsabilit\u00e9s.\n\n- Mettre au point des syst\u00e8mes, des politiques et des lois pour l'asile et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, r\u00e9pondant aux normes\ninternationales.\n\n- Fournir de l'expertise et des ressources pour d\u00e9velopper ou renforcer les syst\u00e8mes nationaux d\u2019asile.\n\n- \u00c9tablir, comme il se doit, des documents pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et personnes retourn\u00e9es\nau moyen du dialogue et de la collaboration entre les pays d\u2019origine et les pays d\u2019asile.\n\n- Renforcer et \u00e9largir les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de protection de l\u2019enfant pour inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n**Recommandation 3 : R\u00e9duire les cas d\u2019apatridie.**\n\n- D\u00e9velopper et renforcer les syst\u00e8mes d'identification et de protection des apatrides\n\n- Accorder un appui financier aux programmes de lutte contre l\u2019apatridie.\n\n- D\u00e9ployer plus d'efforts pour atteindre l\u2019objectif de la Campagne #J\u2019appartiens du HCR visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0\nl\u2019apatridie d\u2019ici 2024.\n\n- \u00c9largir la base d\u2019appui afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le progr\u00e8s dans la lutte contre l\u2019apatridie.\n\n- Int\u00e9grer dans le processus du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s les priorit\u00e9s pour la protection des apatrides\net la pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019apatridie.\n\n- Mettre au point de nouvelles approches souples et favoriser l\u2019utilisation des technologies chez les autorit\u00e9s\nnationales et municipales pour assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement des naissances.\n\n**Recommandation 4 : Faire un meilleur usage des capacit\u00e9s humanitaires, de d\u00e9veloppement et de paix**\n**combin\u00e9es pour atteindre les objectifs du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** .\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer la coop\u00e9ration et la coordination entre les acteurs politiques, humanitaires, de d\u00e9veloppement et\nde paix.\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer la coordination de l\u2019assistance humanitaire, des efforts de d\u00e9veloppement et de consolidation de\nla paix, et entre les communaut\u00e9s locales et les gouvernements.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8231d7fd-d625-31dd-b52a-20ec8b9b5c56/623deaa94.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Am\u00e9liorer les rapports et l\u2019analyse chez les acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement engag\u00e9s.\n\n- Assurer une collaboration plus pr\u00e9visible entre les acteurs humanitaires, de d\u00e9veloppement et de paix, pour\nune approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de solutions.\n\n**Recommandation 5 : Faire attention aux changements climatiques lors de la conduite de nos activit\u00e9s.**\n\n- Reformuler notre r\u00e9cit afin de reconna\u00eetre et de corriger les effets du changement climatique en tant que\nfacteurs de risque.\n\n- Innover pour concevoir des r\u00e9ponses am\u00e9liorant la r\u00e9silience des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de leurs communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil aux changements climatiques.\n\n- Fournir des financements pour la protection de l\u2019environnement, la restauration de l\u2019habitat, la r\u00e9habilitation\ndes terres et l\u2019agroforesterie.\n\n- Investir dans une \u00e9nergie durable dans les r\u00e9gions d\u2019accueil de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, afin de promouvoir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la connectivit\u00e9.\n\n- Engager les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes et de pr\u00e9vention de\ncelles-ci, dirig\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s, ainsi que dans l\u2019identification, la conception et l\u2019appui des\nsolutions.\n\n**Recommandation 6 : Faciliter une participation plus syst\u00e9matique, plus inclusive et plus significative**\n**des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le suivi du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 tous les niveaux (local, r\u00e9gional et\nmondial).\n\n- Fournir de financements directs et souples aux organisations dirig\u00e9es par des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- Lever les obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019engagement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment par des approches de partenariat \u00e9gal.\n\n- Appliquer des approches d\u2019accueil et de traitement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s favorisant des relations amicales et\nmutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques avec les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n- Impliquer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les efforts visant \u00e0 accro\u00eetre les voies d\u2019\u00e9tudes, les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi, la\nlibert\u00e9 de mouvement et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la documentation.\n\n- Tenir compte des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, des priorit\u00e9s et des capacit\u00e9s des diff\u00e9rents membres des\npopulations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par une approche tenant compte des dimensions \u00e2ge, genre, et diversit\u00e9, afin de\nrendre les interventions plus efficaces.\n\n**Recommandation 7 :** **Am\u00e9liorer les donn\u00e9es disponibles pour soutenir des investissements et des**\n**mesures efficaces dans les situations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Syst\u00e9matiser la collecte des donn\u00e9es nationales et internationales sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- Renforcer et syst\u00e9matiser le suivi du financement pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par toutes les parties prenantes.\n\n- Poursuivre et \u00e9largir les efforts pour mettre en place une base de preuves sur les financements pour les\nsituations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, l\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil et les solutions.\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer les synergies entre les instruments traditionnels et modernes de collecte de donn\u00e9es pour \u00e9tablir\ndes m\u00e9canismes solides de suivi.\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s et les efforts de collecte et d\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es en fonction de l\u2019\u00e2ge, du genre et\nde la diversit\u00e9.\n\n- Faciliter la collaboration entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, les bureaux nationaux de la\nstatistique, les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les partenaires des Nations Unies dans les efforts de\ncollecte des donn\u00e9es.\n\n- Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s locales aux donn\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques et sociales sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qu\u2019elles\nabritent.\n\n- Faciliter la participation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 tous les processus pertinents de collecte, d\u2019analyse et de diffusion\nde donn\u00e9es.\n\n- Engager le secteur priv\u00e9 dans la production des preuves sur l\u2019inclusion \u00e9conomique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n**Recommandation 8 :** **Renforcer l\u2019engagement du secteur priv\u00e9 au soutien des objectifs du pacte**\n**mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Participer \u00e0 divers aspects de la philanthropie, de la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises et de la cr\u00e9ation\nde valeurs communes.\n\n- Lever les obstacles politiques, juridiques et r\u00e9glementaires \u00e0 l\u2019intervention du secteur priv\u00e9 bas\u00e9 sur\nl\u2019\u00e9conomie du march\u00e9 dans les zones d\u2019accueil de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper davantage et r\u00e9pliquer les syst\u00e8mes innovants de financement, comme les obligations \u00e0 impact\nsocial, les garanties bancaires et les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019entrepreneuriat.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8231d7fd-d625-31dd-b52a-20ec8b9b5c56/623deaa94.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Renforcer les principaux facteurs de pilotage et de mise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019initiatives prometteuses avec le secteur\npriv\u00e9.\n\n- Intensifier les interventions en esp\u00e8ces pour catalyser la participation du secteur priv\u00e9.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper les programmes et initiatives incluant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, en tant que\nparties int\u00e9grantes de leurs principales activit\u00e9s commerciales et de leurs cha\u00eenes de valeur.\n\n- Renforcer la coop\u00e9ration entre le secteur priv\u00e9 et les acteurs humanitaires pour promouvoir les droits des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, leur autonomie, leur inclusion, leurs capacit\u00e9s et des solutions dans des pays tiers.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique r\u00e9pondant aux besoins locaux et cr\u00e9er la\nconfiance entre le secteur priv\u00e9 et les acteurs humanitaires\n\n\n_**Objectif 1 du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s : All\u00e9ger la pression sur les pays**_\n_**d\u2019accueil**_\n\n**Recommandation 9 : Redoubler d\u2019efforts pour un partage plus \u00e9quitable de la charge et des**\n**responsabilit\u00e9s.**\n\n- \u00c9largir la base d\u2019appui au-del\u00e0 des principaux pays d\u2019accueil de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, donateurs et institutions.\n\n- Investir dans le capital politique et diplomatique pour op\u00e9rationnaliser le partage des responsabilit\u00e9s dans\ntoutes les situations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- Renforcer les investissements, la coop\u00e9ration et l\u2019engagement politique \u00e0 travers les plateformes d\u2019appui.\n\n**Recommandation 10 : Accro\u00eetre les financements pour le d\u00e9veloppement au soutien des situations de**\n**r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- \u00c9largir la coop\u00e9ration avec les acteurs bilat\u00e9raux de d\u00e9veloppement et les banques multilat\u00e9rales de\nd\u00e9veloppement.\n\n- Diversifier et assouplir les instruments financiers pour les efforts humanitaires \u00e0 court terme et les efforts\nde d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 plus long terme.\n\n- Inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les ensembles de donn\u00e9es, les plans et budgets nationaux.\n\n- Identifier les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019extension et d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des syst\u00e8mes nationaux de fourniture de services et\nen d\u00e9terminer les co\u00fbts.\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les localit\u00e9s accueillant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soient en mesure d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019appui financier qui\nleur est destin\u00e9.\n\n- Accro\u00eetre l\u2019appui financier et technique aux autorit\u00e9s locales afin de leur permettre d\u2019inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les\nmigrants et les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans la fourniture de services.\n\n\n**Recommandation 11 : Fournir plus de financements souples, pr\u00e9visibles et pluriannuels en faveur des**\n**r\u00e9ponses pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Accro\u00eetre les financements souples, pr\u00e9visibles et pluriannuels pour le d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n- Augmenter l\u2019appui financier souple et durable pour les organisations dirig\u00e9es par des jeunes, des femmes,\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et des acteurs locaux.\n\n\n_**Objectif 2 du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s : Renforcer l\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**_\n\n**Recommandation 12 : Am\u00e9liorer l'inclusion sociale** **des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Aider les jeunes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et membres de communaut\u00e9s d'accueil \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leurs capacit\u00e9s et aptitudes\net \u00e0 entretenir leur bien-\u00eatre physique et \u00e9motionnel.\n\n- Multiplier les approches innovantes et les partenariats pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019inclusion socio\u00e9conomique.\n\n- Investir dans le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des autorit\u00e9s locales et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale pour soutenir\nl\u2019int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, leur inclusion et les solutions locales.\n\n- Multiplier les initiatives de lutte contre le racisme et la x\u00e9nophobie.\n\n- R\u00e9aliser le potentiel du sport dans la promotion de l'inclusion et de la protection.\n\n- Impliquer et soutenir les universit\u00e9s dans la promotion de l\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- S\u2019inspirer des connaissances et de l\u2019expertise des zones d\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour \u00e9clairer les plans\nnationaux de d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n- Appliquer une approche tenant compte des dimensions \u00e2ge, genre et diversit\u00e9 pour l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n**Recommandation 13** **: Accro\u00eetre l'inclusion \u00e9conomique et l'acc\u00e8s aux moyens d\u2019existence.**\n\n- Accorder aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s le droit \u00e0 l\u2019emploi.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8231d7fd-d625-31dd-b52a-20ec8b9b5c56/623deaa94.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Accro\u00eetre les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi et de moyens d\u2019existence (y compris l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux terres) pour faciliter\nl\u2019inclusion socio\u00e9conomique.\n\n- Faire des investissements cibl\u00e9s pour des politiques et approches nationales inclusives d\u2019emploi et de\nmoyens d\u2019existence.\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que l'\u00e2ge, le genre, la diversit\u00e9 et le handicap soient des domaines d'int\u00e9r\u00eat pour une\nam\u00e9lioration.\n\n- Renforcer la collaboration avec les institutions locales proposant des programmes de moyens d\u2019existence\nadapt\u00e9s au contexte.\n\n- Prendre des mesures pour un meilleur acc\u00e8s aux services d\u2019inclusion \u00e9conomique.\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR soient syst\u00e9matiquement incluses dans\ntoutes les formes de protection sociale, dans les m\u00eames conditions que les nationaux.\n\n- Lever les obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens d\u2019existence et \u00e0 l\u2019inclusion \u00e9conomique au-del\u00e0 du droit du travail\net de l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique.\n\n- Constituer une base de preuves pour \u00e9clairer le plaidoyer et soutenir l\u2019inclusion \u00e9conomique.\n\n**Recommandation 14 : \u00c9largir l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un enseignement de qualit\u00e9 aux niveaux primaire, secondaire et**\n**sup\u00e9rieur.**\n\n- Investir dans toutes les \u00e9tapes du cycle de l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Explorer et appliquer les approches innovantes d\u2019apprentissage, comme la num\u00e9risation et les salles de\nclasse connect\u00e9es.\n\n- Encourager une participation et une inclusion significatives des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la conception, la mise en\n\u0153uvre et la revue des interventions en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n- V\u00e9rifier l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation, afin d\u2019\u00e9clairer les plans de reprise des gouvernements apr\u00e8s la\npand\u00e9mie et de corriger les iniquit\u00e9s auxquelles font face les \u00e9l\u00e8ves et enseignants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Recommandation 15 : Assurer les soins de sant\u00e9 aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en renfor\u00e7ant les syst\u00e8mes nationaux.**\n\n- Inclure les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes et politiques nationaux de sant\u00e9\n\n- Int\u00e9grer syst\u00e9matiquement la sant\u00e9 mentale et la prise en charge psychosociale dans les plans\nhumanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n- Encourager une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise sanitaire incluant mieux les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, avec notamment leur acc\u00e8s au\nd\u00e9pistage, au traitement et \u00e0 la vaccination contre la COVID-19.\n\n- Prendre des mesures permettant aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de faire partie du personnel ordinaire de sant\u00e9.\n\n- \u00c9largir les adaptations aux services de sant\u00e9, comme le passage \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9decine et \u00e0 la prise en charge\n\u00e0 distance.\n\n\n**Objectif 3 du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** : **\u00c9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des solutions dans**\n**des pays tiers**\n\n**Recommandation 16 : Accro\u00eetre les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.**\n\n- Prendre des engagements pour plusieurs ann\u00e9es et \u00e9largir les programmes existants de r\u00e9installation et\nde regroupement familial.\n\n- \u00c9largir la base de pays offrant des possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation.\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les voies compl\u00e9mentaires demeurent additionnelles \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation et au regroupement\nfamilial.\n\n- \u00c9largir les partenariats multisectoriels pour faciliter, promouvoir et plaider pour des solutions dans des pays\ntiers.\n\n- Encourager un meilleur parrainage communautaire.\n\n\n**Recommandation 17 : Mettre en place d'autres voies compl\u00e9mentaires vers des solutions dans des**\n**pays tiers.**\n\n- \u00c9largir les voies compl\u00e9mentaires pour l'\u00e9ducation dans des pays tiers.\n\n- Fournir des voies permettant aux chercheurs d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et membres de communaut\u00e9s d'accueil de travailler\ndans des universit\u00e9s.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des voies de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre par des changements de politique et l\u2019engagement du secteur\npriv\u00e9.\n\n- Apporter un appui financier ou en nature aux acteurs qui mettent au point des voies d\u2019admission.\n\n- Revoir et ajuster les lois et politiques continuant d\u2019\u00eatre un obstacle pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des initiatives pour r\u00e9duire ou couvrir les co\u00fbts que supportent souvent les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8231d7fd-d625-31dd-b52a-20ec8b9b5c56/623deaa94.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Assurer \u00e0 titre gratuit la repr\u00e9sentation juridique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s faisant face \u00e0 des obstacles de nature\njuridique.\n\n- Accorder la plus grande priorit\u00e9 au regroupement familial.\n\n- Simplifier le processus de demande et fournir une assistance suppl\u00e9mentaire aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour leur\npermettre de le suivre.\n\n- Lever les obstacles aux voies de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n_**Objectif 4 du pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**_ _:_ _**Favoriser les conditions dans les**_\n_**pays d\u2019origine pour le retour en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dans la dignit\u00e9**_\n\n**Recommandation 18 : Mobiliser plus de ressources au soutien du retour volontaire.**\n\n- Accro\u00eetre les financements aux gouvernements et \u00e0 d\u2019autres parties prenantes pour favoriser et permettre\nle retour volontaire.\n\n- User du processus d\u2019engagement, au titre du Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2023, pour d\u00e9montrer et\nmobiliser davantage de ressources pour soutenir le retour volontaire.\n\n\n**Recommandation 19 : Am\u00e9liorer la planification et la mise en \u0153uvre du retour volontaire.**\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les plans de retour reposent sur les normes et principes de protection.\n\n- Planifier et obtenir t\u00f4t des ressources pour la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration.\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s retourn\u00e9s puissent avoir acc\u00e8s en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux syst\u00e8mes judiciaires et \u00e0 l\u2019aide\njuridique.\n\n- Soutenir le retour volontaire et la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration par des investissements dans les capacit\u00e9s et syst\u00e8mes\nnationaux.\n\n- Orienter les investissements pour le d\u00e9veloppement vers le renforcement des \u00e9conomies locales et les\nsyst\u00e8mes de fourniture de services.\n\n- Appliquer les programmes et approches am\u00e9liorant la coh\u00e9sion sociale, notamment les investissements\nax\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9gions.\n\n**Recommandation 20 : Am\u00e9liorer la coop\u00e9ration pour s'attaquer aux causes profondes et consolider la**\n**paix dans les pays d'origine.**\n\n- Mobiliser davantage les capacit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de paix et de d\u00e9veloppement pour s\u2019attaquer aux causes\nprofondes dans les pays d\u2019origine.\n\n- Accro\u00eetre les investissements en temps voulu dans la consolidation de la paix et la pr\u00e9vention des conflits.\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer la coop\u00e9ration entre les acteurs politiques, humanitaires, financiers, de d\u00e9veloppement et de\npaix.\n\n- Maintenir le dialogue avec les communaut\u00e9s pour \u00e9clairer les politiques, la planification et la\nprogrammation.\n\n- Renforcer et soutenir l\u2019aspect de consolidation de la paix des r\u00e9ponses aux situations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8231d7fd-d625-31dd-b52a-20ec8b9b5c56/623deaa94.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_149/raw/doc_149_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_149/raw/doc_149_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d71e8d3d800995c29feb71528a836342c5490b63..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_149/raw/doc_149_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Climate Change, Displacement** **and Human Rights**\n\n**MARCH 2022**\n\n\nThe impacts of climate change, such as desertification, rising sea levels and more frequent and severe\nweather events undermine the enjoyment of human rights \u2013 including the rights to life, water and\nsanitation, food, health and adequate housing. The adverse effects of climate change contribute to\nvulnerability, human mobility and displacement and pose increased risk to the human rights of displaced\npersons, many of whom live in countries most affected by climate change.\n\n\nDisplacement in climate change-fuelled crises is already a global reality \u2013 a reality that reflects and\namplifies the deep inequalities and injustices in our world today. Countries and communities that have\ncontributed the least to global warming are bearing the brunt of its negative impact.\n\n\n\n**Impacts of climate change on the**\n**enjoyment of human rights**\n\nIn 2021, [the Human Rights Council (HRC)](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G21/289/50/PDF/G2128950.pdf?OpenElement)\n[recognised the human right to a clean, healthy and](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G21/289/50/PDF/G2128950.pdf?OpenElement)\n[sustainable environment in its resolution 48/13,](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G21/289/50/PDF/G2128950.pdf?OpenElement)\nwhich acknowledges the damage inflicted by\nclimate change and environmental degradation on\nmillions of people across the world, in particular,\npersons and groups in vulnerable situations.\n\n\nExtreme weather events, such as cyclones, are\nbecoming more frequent and intense under global\nwarming, and can cause extensive flooding and\ninfrastructure damage, which may undermine the right\nto life and the right to adequate standards of living.\n\n\nMeanwhile, slow-onset processes such as sealevel rise can result in loss of coastal and\nagricultural land, endangering the rights to food\nand adequate housing for entire populations.\n\n\nGiven their strong connection to nature, some 400\nmillion indigenous peoples face threats to their\nrights to culture as well as their collective rights to\ndevelopment and self-determination.\n\n\nThe effects of climate change are felt\ndisproportionately by segments of the population\nthat are already marginalized or in vulnerable\nsituations owing to geography, gender, sexual\norientation, age, indigenous or minority status,\ndisability, or living in situations of conflict, violence,\nor displacement, as noted in HRC resolution 48/14\nestablishing a Special Rapporteur on the\npromotion and protection of human rights in the\ncontext of climate change.\n\n\n\n**Heightened consequences on the rights**\n**of displaced persons**\n\nThe climate crisis is already amplifying vulnerability\nand driving displacement, which impacts a broad\narray of human rights, including the rights to\neducation, adequate standard of living and health of\nthose displaced.\n\n\nHighly climate vulnerable countries host 40% of\nrefugees and are home to 70% of people internally\ndisplaced by conflict or violence. While these\npopulations are often highly exposed and vulnerable\nto climate-related shocks, they have fewer resources\nand support to adapt to an increasingly hostile\nenvironment. This raises concerns about the right to\nequality and non-discrimination.\n\n\nAt the same time, human mobility can protect\npeople and their human rights. This may be through\nwell-prepared and timely emergency evacuations,\nassisting communities to plan for relocation to safer\nsettlement areas as a measure of last resort, or\nfacilitating safe, orderly and regular migration\nthrough regular pathways to prevent displacement\nfrom occurring. The freedom and capacity to move\nis part of upholding human rights and can contribute\nto climate change adaptation.\n\n\nExtreme weather, which is becoming more frequent\nand intense with climate change, greatly impacts\ndisplaced persons. Recent floods in Sudan were\nsome of the worst observed in decades. Alganaa\nrefugee camp in Sudan\u2019s White Nile State was\nsubmerged by flood waters in November 2021,\nleaving 35,000 South Sudanese refugees in need\nof urgent assistance.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cfab478-fea1-3f24-b9e5-a00a3574eec8/6241c27d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The international legal framework for the protection of people displaced**\n**in the context of climate change and disasters**\n\n\n\nMost people displaced in the context of climate\nchange and disasters remain inside their own\ncountry and are internally displaced. In these\ncases, the state remains obligated to protect,\npromote and fulfil the human rights of internally\ndisplaced people within their territory without\ndiscrimination. For those displaced across borders,\ninternational refugee law may be relevant in some\ncircumstances, and for those who do not meet the\nrefugee criteria, international human rights law\nmay be applicable based on the principle of\nnon-refoulement, which is the prohibition not to\nreturn a person to a country where they have a\nreal risk of serious or irreparable harm upon return,\nincluding torture, ill-treatment and other serious\nhuman rights violations. Moreover, a wide range of\n\n\n\npolicy tools for the admission and stay of people\ndisplaced across borders due to climate change\nhave been adopted and implemented, including\nhumanitarian protection and bilateral or regional\nagreements on the free movement of persons.\nUnder international human rights law, States are\nalso bound to uphold the human rights of any\nperson under their jurisdiction, which includes\npeople displaced in the context of climate change.\nPursuant to its supervisory role concerning the\nimplementation of the international refugee\ninstruments, UNHCR issued in October 2020\n[\u201cLegal Considerations regarding claims for](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F5f75f2734.html&data=04%7C01%7Cneal%40unhcr.org%7C26d184f0432846bb07cb08da0ce25f12%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637836463656360605%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=RphjpAu8ZCjFZqNoe48bG2QwOLfl%2BjoPK4CBQtJGNlQ%3D&reserved=0)\n[international protection made in the context of the](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F5f75f2734.html&data=04%7C01%7Cneal%40unhcr.org%7C26d184f0432846bb07cb08da0ce25f12%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637836463656360605%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=RphjpAu8ZCjFZqNoe48bG2QwOLfl%2BjoPK4CBQtJGNlQ%3D&reserved=0)\n[adverse efects of climate change and disasters\u201d.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F5f75f2734.html&data=04%7C01%7Cneal%40unhcr.org%7C26d184f0432846bb07cb08da0ce25f12%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637836463656360605%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=RphjpAu8ZCjFZqNoe48bG2QwOLfl%2BjoPK4CBQtJGNlQ%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cfab478-fea1-3f24-b9e5-a00a3574eec8/6241c27d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommendations to protect the human rights of persons displaced**\n**in the context of climate change**\n## \u2022 [Ensure that all climate action is people-centred ] \u2022 [Ensure human rights are upheld through ]\n\nand adopts a human-rights based approach, meaningful and informed, voluntary\nensuring the dignity, safety, and rights of those participation in timely relocation schemes.\ndisplaced in the context of the adverse effects\n## of climate change. \u2022 [Scale up adaptation financing and support to ]\n\nclimate action in countries and host community\nareas where displaced people take refuge, or\n## \u2022 [Apply existing refugee and human rights ]\n\ninstruments where there may be need for hope to safely return to following their\ninternational protection when cross border displacement, by strengthening preparedness\ndisplacement occurs in the context of climate and building resilience to climate impacts.\n## change and disasters. \u2022 [Keep the goals set out in the Paris Agreement ]\n\nwithin reach to avert the worst-case loss and\n## \u2022 [Facilitate regular pathways to contribute to ]\n\nclimate change adaptation and prevent damage scenarios by urgently increasing and\ndisplacement. implementing commitments to mitigate\n## \u2022 [Increase action and support for measures to ] greenhouse gas emissions.\n\navert, minimize and address displacement, in\n## \u2022 [Address data gaps through the collection of ]\nparticular in the most climate vulnerable disaggregated data, while upholding the right\ncountries and communities, based on their to privacy and data protection.\n## specific needs. \u2022 [Cooperate internationally to ensure the ]\n\nprotection of all those displaced in the context\n## \u2022 [Ensure that climate action reaches those living ]\n\nin unstable and hard to reach areas, including of climate change.\ndisplaced persons and their host communities.\n\n\n3 U N H C R > **C L I M AT E C H A N G E, D I S P L A C E M E N T A N D H U M A N R I G H T S**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cfab478-fea1-3f24-b9e5-a00a3574eec8/6241c27d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Promising practice examples**\n\n**Innovative technologies for realising the right**\n**to water**\n\nClimate change has significant impacts on the\nenjoyment of the right to water and sanitation in\ncamps and settlements. In 2017, amid a massive\ninflux of people fleeing conflict in South Sudan,\nUNHCR\u2019s Uganda operation faced serious\nchallenges to ensure the right to water was\nrealized by all. As refugees were arriving in the\nremote and undeveloped northwest region of the\ncountry, the delivery of water was expensive and\ndifficult to monitor, which posed difficulties in\nensuring a consistent supply of sufficient, safe and\naccessible drinking water to meet the daily needs\nof refugees. [1] [In response, a group of UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f6c5a424/unhcr-wins-1m-prize-novel-water-tech-refugee-camps.html)\n[engineers developed a reliable and cost-efective](https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f6c5a424/unhcr-wins-1m-prize-novel-water-tech-refugee-camps.html)\n[monitoring system, which is now being used](https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f6c5a424/unhcr-wins-1m-prize-novel-water-tech-refugee-camps.html)\nsuccessfully in displacement camps in five\ndifferent countries. It uses a series of smart\nwater-level sensors that are installed in the tanks\nof water delivery trucks to provide real-time data\non water deliveries and consumption. The system\nallows operations to address potential shortages\nbefore they happen, providing refugees with a\nreliable and easily accessible supply of clean\nwater. These technologies have served as an\nimportant tool for ensuring that the refugees\u2019\nrights to water and health are maintained. In\naddition, the technologies improved water\naccessibility, which contributes to reducing\nprotection risks and safeguarding a broader range\nof human rights, as long distances to water points\nhave been shown to put women and girls at risk of\nsexual violence and deprive children of critical\neducation opportunities.\n\n\n\n**Facilitating regular migration pathways to**\n**prevent displacement and protect human rights**\n\n[OHCHR has led UN guidance to ensure human](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/PrinciplesAndGuidelines.pdf)\n[rights protection of migrants in vulnerable](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/PrinciplesAndGuidelines.pdf)\n[situations, including those compelled to move due](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/PrinciplesAndGuidelines.pdf)\n[to the adverse impacts of climate change, to](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/materials/KMMigration.pdf)\n[support states in designing pathways for regular](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/resources/guidance-note-regular-pathways-admission-and-stay-migrants-situations-vulnerability-0)\n[migration in this context, and to implement](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/resources/guidance-note-regular-pathways-admission-and-stay-migrants-situations-vulnerability-0)\n[related-commitments in the Global Compact for](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/sites/g/files/tmzbdl416/files/docs/gcm_implementation_guide_finalized_revised_15_october.pdf)\n[Migration. For instance, the Office is implementing](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/sites/g/files/tmzbdl416/files/docs/gcm_implementation_guide_finalized_revised_15_october.pdf)\n[a project in the Sahel region, focusing on](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/HR-climate-change-migration-Sahel.pdf)\nMauritania, Niger and Nigeria, identifying\nprotection gaps faced by communities affected by\nclimate change and migration and strengthening\nthe capacity of local, national and regional\nstakeholders to identify measures that will fulfil\ntheir rights.\n\n\nBased on the right to information and participation,\nfindings from the project include that policies and\nprojects should meaningfully involve local\nstakeholders and pay particular attention to those\nwho may experience situations of vulnerability,\nincluding migrants, and should address human\nrights risks in a holistic manner. As an example, in\nthe Maradi and Zinder regions of Niger,\ncommunity-led tree planting was found to increase\nboth livelihood opportunities and drought\nresilience, reducing food insecurity. This move\ntowards tree planting was accompanied by efforts\nto build inclusive local governments and provide\naccommodations for the movements of\npastoralists and their herds, contributing to greater\ncommunity peace and stability.\n\n\n\n1 The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the right to water as the right of everyone to sufficient, safe,\nacceptable and physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cfab478-fea1-3f24-b9e5-a00a3574eec8/6241c27d4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_15/raw/doc_15_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_15/raw/doc_15_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 56319ab1859539189198833b4efcd61f7bc79ba5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_15/raw/doc_15_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,315 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 143**\n\n# **Protracted displacement and remittances:** **The case of Somalis in Eastleigh, Nairobi**\n\n\n**Anna Lindley**\n\n\nESRC Postdoctoral Fellow\nCentre on Migration, Policy and Society\n\nUniversity of Oxford, United Kingdom\n\n\n[E-mail: anna.lindley@compas.ox.ac.uk](mailto:anna.lindley@compas.ox.ac.uk)\n\n\nAugust 2007\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThere are more than 5.5 million people around the world struggling in situations of\nprotracted and unresolved exile (UNHCR 2006). [1] These people are allowed to\nremain in the country where they have sought asylum, but lack basic rights. They\noften receive meagre - and dwindling \u2013 levels of international aid, and must therefore\nfind alternative and additional ways to provide for themselves and their households\n(Jacobsen 2006).\n\n\nRemittances from family members in other countries appear to be one way that some\npeople cope with protracted displacement: the money can alleviate poverty and can\nprovide possibilities for improving recipients\u2019 situations, within their considerable\nconstraints (Crisp 2003; Jacobsen 2006). On a global scale, remittances are a\nsignificant source of income for developing countries: officially recorded flows\ntotalled $160 billion in 2004, compared with $166 billion Foreign Direct Investment\nand $79 billion Official Development Assistance (World Bank 2006). Most research\nexplores the remittances of labour migrants and the effects in their countries of origin.\nIn contrast, very little is known about the dynamics and effects of remittances in\ndisplacement settings (relevant research includes Dick 2002; Horst 2006; Riak Akuei\n2005; Savage and Harvey 2007; Van Hear 2002).\n\n\nThis paper explores experiences of the remittance process among Somali refugees\nliving in Nairobi. Hundreds of thousands of people have fled to Kenya since 1991 as\na result of the civil war in Somalia. Many people still live in refugee camps, mainly\ndependent on international aid, but over time many others have defied the host\ngovernment\u2019s attempts to contain them in camps and sought a living in urban areas.\nThe paper focuses on Eastleigh, a bustling suburb of Nairobi with a large Somali\npopulation. Known in Swahili as _Mogadishu ndogo_ (little Mogadishu), Eastleigh has\na reputation for thriving business activity, dilapidated infrastructure and crime. Many\nSomali refugees in this district receive cash remittances from relatives overseas\nthrough the Somali money transfer system popularly known as _xawilaad_ . As we shall\nsee, this money has complex effects on their lives.\n\n\nThe research was conducted in January - April 2005, during which time the researcher\nlived in Eastleigh with a Somali host. The paper is based on informal conversations,\nobservations, and interviews (with residents of various socio-economic and\ndemographic characteristics and clans, conducted with the support of a local\nresearcher). [2] The paper also draws on consultations and interviews with people\nprofessionally knowledgeable about the politico-legal and socio-economic situation of\nSomalis in Kenya, including UNHCR. [3] While a comprehensive quantitative survey\n\n\n1 This estimate excludes Palestinian refugees under UNRWA\u2019s mandate, and is based on national\ngroups of refugees of 25,000 living for five years or more in the same country of asylum.\n2 Thanks go to the research participants for their time; Abdullahi Mohamed Qambi for his excellent\nresearch assistance; and Nafisa Nur Osman for her warm hospitality.\n3 A total of 24 interviews were conducted with recipients and others. All names have been changed and\nsome details have been altered to preserve interviewees\u2019 anonymity. The research was part of a\nbroader multi-sited project also involving research in Hargeisa and London (Lindley 2006, 2007a and\n2007b).\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded flows", - "confidence": 0.8679906725883484, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.606991171836853, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.9883202314376831, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali refugees", - "confidence": 0.7195122241973877, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quantitative survey", - "confidence": 0.9416965842247009, - "start": 485, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7583734393119812, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8703321814537048, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "national\ngroups of refugees", - "confidence": 0.7638431787490845, - "start": 503, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "was not feasible, the data collected paint a broadly indicative picture of remittance\nexperiences among Somali refugees in Eastleigh.\n\n\nThe next section gives a brief account of the refugee situation, and the changes in the\nEastleigh district of Nairobi as it became a major hub for Somali people in Kenya.\nThe third section explores the patterns of remittances and roles in people\u2019s\nlivelihoods. The fourth section explores how remittances intertwine with regional and\nglobal mobility, and the final section outlines repercussions in the wider urban\neconomy. The paper concludes by summarising the findings and discussing their\npolicy implications.\n\n\n**Somalis in Kenya: from the northern frontier to Nairobi**\n\n\nKenya has a substantial indigenous Somali Kenyan population, particularly in the\nNorth Eastern Province (NEP, known as the Northern Frontier District under British\nrule). Somali pastoralists have long lived in this harsh, semi-arid area, with its\ntroubled history of political unrest and state repression. Other Somali Kenyans trace\ntheir families back to colonial employees or independent traders who settled in\nKenya\u2019s towns and cities (Anderson 2005; Turton 1972; Goldsmith 1997; Lewis\n2002).\n\n\nWhen civil war broke out in southern Somalia and the state collapsed in 1991,\nhundreds of thousands of Somali refugees sought safety in Kenya, initially mainly\nMarehan (the clan of the former president Siyad Barre) and other Darod clans, but as\nthe violence intensified, people of other clans joined them. They fled on foot or\ncrammed into vehicles over the border into the NEP; by _dhow_ from Somalia\u2019s coastal\ntowns to Mombasa; and by plane to Nairobi. After initial attempts to block arrivals,\nKenya allowed them in: around 400,000 refugees arrived from Somalia in 1991 and\n1992 (Milner 2005).\n\n\nLarge numbers of people were registered by UNHCR and sent to camps at Mombasa\non the coast, Thika near Nairobi, Liboi and Dadaab in the NEP, and Kakuma in the\nNorth West (Crisp 1999). Since the peak of the early nineties, the refugee population\ndecreased. Some refugees returned voluntarily to Somalia (although not always\npermanently) [4] and others travelled independently or were formally resettled overseas.\nSince 1999, the camp population has remained relatively stable in the region of\n150,000, although the numbers for 2007 may be higher as a result of developments in\nthe war in southern Somalia.\n\n\nKenya has signed and ratified the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the\nStatus of Refugees and the 1969 Organisation of African Unity Refugee Convention.\nBut until late 2006, when the Refugee Act was passed, there was no national\nlegislation for refugees in Kenya. In contrast to the more open and accommodating\nrefugee policy of earlier years, Milner (2005) characterises Kenya\u2019s refugee policy\n\n\n4 Some of my interviewees in 2005, who were mainly of Darod and Hawiye clans and grew up in the\ncentral and southern Somali regions, had tried going back and had traumatic and discouraging\nexperiences. None of the interviewees were contemplating returning to live in southern Somalia while\nthere is still no effective government.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5445007681846619, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastleigh", - "confidence": 0.6011837124824524, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali refugees", - "confidence": 0.9475511908531189, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "after 1990 as effectively one of \u2018abdication and containment\u2019. [5] First, the government\nabdicated to UNHCR the responsibility of determining the status of asylum seekers\nand ensuring their protection. Most refugees were designated _prima facie_ refugees as\noften occurs when refugees flee generalised insecurity and conflict in large numbers\nand it is not feasible to conduct individual status determinations. Second, the\ngovernment tried to contain the problem by only allowing Somali refugees to reside\nand work in these designated camps, restricting their movements and not giving them\nthe right to take up employment. UNHCR only gave UN Travel Letters for people to\ntravel to Nairobi for resettlement interviews, to university students, to people needing\nmedical treatment and people with particular security problems (Crisp 1999). [6]\n\n\nThe Refugees Act 2006 represents a step forward, translating the 1951 and the OAU\nConvention into national law for the first time. Yet, at this early stage it seems likely\nthat the freedom to work and the freedom of movement of refugees in Kenya will\nremain considerably restricted. Since the act came into force, further upheaval in\nSomalia has prompted more people to seek refuge in Kenya, and there have been\nborder closures and evidence of some forcible returns. [7] There is a clear risk now that\nthe will to deal with the problems of protracted displacement will be subsumed by the\nemergency response to recent arrivals.\n\n\nThe deep material deprivation and physical insecurity of life in the refugee camps is\nwell-documented (Crisp 1999; Horst 2006; Hyndman 2000; Milner 2005). Indeed,\nlife outside the camps in the NEP is also often difficult: considerable numbers of\nKenyan Somali pastoralists were so poor that they joined their co-ethnics in the\ncamps; others bought ration cards from refugees heading for the city (Hyndman\n2000).\n\n\nIt has been suggested, that given their size, population, permanence and other\nfeatures, camps like the Dadaab group (Ifo, Hagadera and Dagahaley) might better be\nthought of as cities than camps (P\u00e9rouse de Montclos and Kagwanja 2000). Of\nparticular relevance to this paper, Horst\u2019s (2006) critique of the common depiction of\nrefugee camps as isolated places highlights the connections between Somali refugees\nin Dadaab and relatives elsewhere in the Horn of Africa and beyond. She found that a\nminority \u2013 she estimates roughly 15 per cent \u2013 of refugees received regular\nremittances which, given the meagre international aid and limited local income\nopportunities, greatly affected their lives and the wider economy of the refugee\ncamps.\n\n\nHowever, despite the government\u2019s attempts to contain them in remote regions, many\nrefugees end up in Nairobi and other towns or cities. A minority of those Somalis\n\n\n5 Milner (2005) suggests that a combination of factors contributed to this shift in policy in the early\n1990s, including the large numbers and protracted nature of the Somali refugee situation; weakened\ngovernment capacity in Kenya due to the suspension of international aid in 1991 (based on donor\nconcerns regarding human rights and democracy); the failure of humanitarian aid to keep up with the\nneeds of the refugees; the history of _shifta_ wars and an attempted coup against President Moi in 1982;\nand security concerns over the alleged Somali involvement in small arms proliferation and the 1998 US\nNairobi Embassy attack.\n6 The latter two groups are eligible for assistance from UNHCR during their stay in the city.\n7 Jesuit Refugee Service briefing, Nairobi, 23 April 2007, _Kenya: border remains closed to asylum_\n_seekers_ . See also UNHCR press release, Geneva, 3 January 2007, _UNHCR calls on Kenya to halt_\n_Somali returns._\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arriving in the 1990s had the wherewithal to set up home in Nairobi or Mombasa, or\nstayed with relatives, and never declared themselves to UNHCR (Farah 1996;\nGoldsmith 1997). When the Mombasa camps closed in the mid-1990s, many refugees\ntook themselves to Nairobi instead, relocating to other camps or voluntarily\nrepatriating to Somalia. Some refugees from Dadaab and Kakuma also moved to\nNairobi. The numbers of displaced Somali people living informally in urban areas are\nobviously uncertain \u2013 estimates in the mid 1990s ranged up to 100,000 (Hyndman\n2000; Moret _et al._ 2005; USCR 1997). In general much less is known about the\nsituation of urban refugees, possibly because they can be harder to locate (compared\nwith the \u2018captive population\u2019 in the camps), and are generally not entitled to\nassistance, and also because the containment policy encouraged politicians to play\ndown the existence of refugees in urban areas (Campbell 2005).\n\n\nMost of these people have ended up in Nairobi\u2019s Eastleigh district. Located to the far\neast of the Central Business District, Eastleigh used to be a lower middle class suburb\n(Goldsmith 1997; Sirola 2001). Eastleigh was formerly a predominantly Asian\nresidential estate, with some shops and businesses, then over the years Kenyan\nKikuyu landlords began to buy up property there. There was a small Somali\ncommunity prior to the civil war - some of the Kenyan Somali shopkeepers in\nEastleigh grew up on the estate. The precise population size is unknown: some hazard\nguesses of 300,000-500,000. Some have suggested that there may be as many at\n60,000 displaced Somali people living informally in Nairobi, mainly in Eastleigh\n(African Population and Health Research Center 2002; Campbell 2005; Moret _et al._\n2005).\n\n\nSince 1990, Eastleigh has developed dramatically, shaped by its growing population \u2013\nrural Kenyans, Sudanese, Eritreans, Ethiopians, but above all, in the largest numbers,\nSomalis. Their presence is closely linked with four key areas of change during the\n1990s and since: business activity, housing and public infrastructure, crime, and social\nrelations.\n\n\nSince 1991, Eastleigh has become a major business and shopping district in Nairobi.\nBusinesspeople, including incoming refugees, invested in import and export\nbusinesses, retail outlets (from small-scale hawking and street stalls to large shopping\nmalls), chemists, property letting and real estate development, hotels, lodges, _miraa_\n(khat / _qaad_ ) outlets, caf\u00e9s and restaurants, long-distance transport companies and\ntaxi-drivers, phone and internet bureaux, and international money transfer and\nexchange services. The shopping area attracts customers from all over Nairobi and\nfurther afield. According to one commentator, \u201cEastleigh is \u2018openly informal\u2019,\nneither hidden from authorities nor entirely consistent with an official, public place of\nbusiness. At the same time it is integral to the service economy of Nairobi and its\n2.5+ million residents.\u201d (Little 2003: 164)\n\n\nA second key change in Eastleigh in the 1990s was the effect of the influx of refugees\nin the local property and housing market. Increased demand from Somalis, as\nEastleigh became known as a Somali enclave, raised the cost of accommodation: the\nrent for single rooms after the influx in the early 1990s was five or more times the\nprevious levels, pushing many Kenyans tenants out into other areas of Eastlands,\nwhile the refugees often lived in over-crowded conditions, sharing and sub-letting\n(Goldsmith 1997; Sirola 2001; Campbell 2005; Hyndman 2000).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Commercial development, particularly in the district known as Section Two, also\naccelerated, pushing up the price of land for redevelopment as shopping malls. The\ncentrepieces of Eastleigh\u2019s commercial development are its large shopping malls,\nsuch as Garissa Lodge and Amal Plaza. The largely unregulated expansion of\nbusiness and the increasingly overcrowded population long outpaced repairs and\nimprovements to public infrastructure. Drains, sewers and rubbish collection are very\nvisibly inadequate. Roads are in a dilapidated condition, with deep mud during the\nrainy season and rising dust when it is dry.\n\n\nThird, Eastleigh became strongly associated with crime, which has been on the rise in\nthe wider area of Eastlands, and in Nairobi in general, often associated with the\nincreased hardship created by structural adjustment (Anderson 2002). Muggings and\nstreet thefts of mobile phones and cash are common, and _matatus_ (buses) to Eastleigh\nare held up and robbed fairly frequently, particularly at night. Refugees in particular\nhave suffered from police harassment. Some Somali refugees had obtained a Kenyan\nor Alien ID card through various means, but the majority just had their UNHCR letter\nsaying that they are a _prima facie_ refugee, which was of little use due to their\nambiguous politico-legal situation outside the camps (Hyndman 2000; Verdirame\n1999). Threatened with arrest for being in Kenya illegally, many Somalis would pay\nbribes to be released. According to the refugees, such extortion has varied over time,\nreportedly reaching particular heights of openness and impunity in 2001-2002. Many\npeople remain cautious, sticking to their area, not venturing into town or out at night. [8]\n\n\nThe last of the changes in Eastleigh explored here is the effect on social relations of\nthe arrival of the new Somalis. Somali Kenyan families were an important source of\nassistance for their close relatives and clanspeople (Goldsmith 1997; Horst 2006).\nAlthough there are some tensions between people of different clans, some more\ngeneralized solidarity is derived from being Somali and Muslim in Kenya.\n\n\nFor their part, Kenyans in Eastleigh generally appear to have come to terms with the\nobvious fact that \u2018Somalis are our neighbours\u2019. Kenyans, Somalis and other refugee\nnationalities share washing lines and cramped stairways, their children go to school\ntogether; they truck and barter (Goldsmith 1997; Campbell 2005). However, when\ntimes are tough, the history of rebel activities in the NEP, Somalia\u2019s present disarray\nand the large numbers of refugees in the capital, make Somali nationals a convenient\nideal scapegoat for urban ills (Gimode 2001; Verdirame 1999).\n\n\n**Remittance traffic and livelihood strategies in Eastleigh**\n\n\nLivelihoods are conventionally defined as the capabilities, assets (natural, physical,\nhuman, social and financial capital) and activities required for a means of living\n(DFID 1999; Jacobsen 2006). Several types of livelihoods were evident among\nSomali refugees in Eastleigh. The most obvious strategies were running small\nbusinesses or working in local businesses and homes. [9] _Prima facie_ refugees were\nconsidered irregular migrants in the city and were largely confined to working in the\n\n8 It is still early days to tell how much the new Refugee Act will affect this.\n9 Wages vary: in 2005 _matatu_ drivers were earning around KSh600 per day, and touts half this; cyber\ncaf\u00e9 assistants might earn KSh6,000 a month; shop assistants KSh4,000-5,000. Those working in\nSomali homes may be casual domestic workers, or younger female relatives who are given bed and\nboard but may not be paid for their work.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "informal economy, although some businesses already gradually began to move into\nthe formal economy, by registering with the relevant authorities and paying taxes.\n\n\nOutside the camps, a minority of refugees - only those in the city formally for health\nor security reasons - receive on-going assistance from UNHCR. Less obvious\nlivelihood strategies involved people mobilizing social capital to meet their needs.\nReceiving overseas remittances are a clear example of people using their social capital\nto obtain financial capital, but there are other examples of people drawing on social\ncapital, with some people being taken in or provided for by better-off families or\nassisted by the Mosque or other charitable contributions. Of course, some people use\nmore than one of these livelihood strategies at once, or use different strategies over\ntime.\n\n\nAlthough some people never received remittances, many of the refugees in Eastleigh\nhave had the experience at some point of receiving some money from relatives\noverseas. Recipients are demographically mixed and, like many refugees gravitating\ntowards urban areas in Africa, often lived relatively comfortable urban lives before\ntheir displacement (Jacobsen 2005). The assistance commonly came from husbands,\nsiblings and adult children \u2013 although other relatives also remit \u2013 living mainly in\nEurope and North America, and in some instances, the Middle East, South Africa or\nelsewhere. There were varying patterns of remittance traffic into Eastleigh. Some\nrecipients get a set sum of money on a regular, usually monthly basis, commonly\n$150-$250 per month. [10] Others receive variable amounts on an ad-hoc basis. It\nfollows that the role of remittances in recipients\u2019 livelihoods varies considerably. The\nexamples of Rhoda, Abdi, Abdiwali and Mahamoud help illustrate this. [11]\n\n\nRhoda is a mother of seven in her early forties. When the war broke out in the Central\nRegion, the family businesses and home were looted. The militia killed her father and\ntwo brothers. She fled with her husband, children, mother and three sisters to\nMogadishu, then Kismayo, then Liboye refugee camp in Kenya. In 1992, some\nrelatives overseas sent $1,000 and she and her husband, children and two sisters\nmoved to Nairobi. But after their money ran out, they went to Thika camp, then the\nMombasa camps, where their home was set on fire three times. They received little\ninternational aid, so she began selling charcoal and food stuffs.\n\n\nWhen the camps closed they were relocated to Kakuma, where life was really tough:\nthere were more fires, plus it was dangerous as there were armed men and killings,\nand there was less water. A relative there arranged for Rhoda\u2019s husband to go to\nCanada on a spouse\u2019s visa, as the relative\u2019s husband. As soon as he arrived in\nCanada, he and his relatives sent $500 to Rhoda to move the family to Nairobi - they\nwere worried about the risks in the refugee camp for a woman and children alone. He\nfound work immediately and now he sends to her $350 each month, $200 for living\nexpenses and school fees at the beginning of the month and $150 for the rent later on.\nIn addition to her seven, she looks after two of her sisters\u2019 children. Her husband\ncannot send more as his job does not pay very well, but according to Rhoda, \u2018he\u2019s\n\n\n10 Sometimes the money for one month is sent in two instalments, either to help the recipient to budget\nor because this suits the sender.\n11 Please note that all names have been changed and some details have been altered to preserve\ninterviewees\u2019 anonymity.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "very good, he\u2019s someone who is dedicated, he\u2019s stable, he\u2019s a father\u2026 Life could be\nmuch worse.\u2019 It remains uncertain how, indeed if, the family will be reunited.\n\n\nAbdi, who was born in Mogadishu is now a successful wholesaler. He was born in\nthe early 1980s, his father worked in the military and his mother used to sell groceries\nin a small shop. When the war broke out his father was killed and the fighting was\nvery violent so his mother sent him to Ethiopia with some friends. He went to Kenya\nin 1994 and made great efforts to locate his dispersed relatives, travelling to the\nvarious refugee camps, sending messages through personal contacts and the BBC\nSomali Service programme, _Baafin_ . He finally located, though a _xawilaad_ (money\ntransfer) agent, an uncle and sister in Norway and two cousins in the UK: \u2018I got the\ncontact telephone numbers\u2026 They were very shaken\u2026 it was a giant cry, when they\nfound me they were very happy and they sent me an express money of happiness.\u2019\nThat sum allowed him to leave Kakuma and go to Eastleigh, where he earned his\nliving by hawking dead stock that large stores needed to shift. He bought the stock at\ncost price and retained any profit.\n\n\nA year later, once he had proved that he was working hard, his uncle and sister\ndecided to send a substantial sum. He received around $2,400 in instalments over the\ncourse of two years. He developed a wholesale business, sourcing goods from the\nMiddle East, Asia and the Far East and supplying stores in Eastleigh. His relatives\nsometimes ask him for particular items, usually traditional crafts or gold, so he often\nsends goods when people he knows travel to Europe. His relatives there support his\nmother in Somalia, but he sometimes also helps out.\n\n\nAbdiwali, a former teacher, lived in the camps for many years before coming to\nNairobi. With his monthly income of KSh 8,000 (about $105) [12], he could not afford\nto bring his wife and six children to join him, so they remain in Dadaab. He tries to\nsend around $25 a month to his wife to supplement their rations and her KSh 3,000\nteacher\u2019s incentive. He also tries to bring money, clothes and other items that they\nneed when he goes back to the camps. Very occasionally, he or his wife receive some\nmoney from relatives overseas. He found that \u201cif I have a problem today, for example\nroad accident or maybe I\u2019m arrested, then people will contribute money to solve my\nproblems\u2026Not only in Nairobi. These people will communicate to those who are\noutside, they will say this person has that problem, he\u2019s admitted to hospital, he\u2019s [in]\na very serious condition. Then they collect money\u2026 The first people who will\nsupport me is my sub-clan in Nairobi. Then if they are not able to solve at home, then\nthey contribute outside\u2026\u201d\n\n\nMahamoud is a shopkeeper in Eastleigh with a young family. He was born in the late\n1970s in Beled Weyne. The family was comfortably off and after the war broke out\nhe ran a caf\u00e9 with his mother and brothers. His uncle was by that time living in\nNairobi, but maintained close contact with Mahamoud\u2019s mother, via the _taar._ She\ntold him how badly things were going in Somalia.\n\n\nThe uncle paid for Mahamoud and his younger brother to come to live with him in\nEastleigh. Mahamoud was happy to go, as he wanted to help his mother and \u2018take\nsome of the load\u2019. At that time his uncle was doing well; he had a retail business and\nwas receiving assistance from relatives abroad, but in the mid-1990s this assistance\n\n\n12 Exchange rate: 0.01322 US$ to 1 KSh (1 March 2005)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dried up and the business was deteriorating. Mahamoud and his brother turned the\nbusiness around and he is now pretty comfortably off, although he does not receive\nany remittances. He is able to send $50-$100 to his mother and brothers in Beled\nWeyne whenever business is bad or a relative falls sick.\n\n\nThese cases exemplify four key points. First, for people like Rhoda, receiving\nremittances is their primary or only livelihood strategy. For example, Saad, a former\ncivil servant, received $250 from his sons and daughters in the United States each\nmonth to look after his wife and other children while he waited to be resettled in the\nUS. These were regular stipends to cover living expenses. Within family groups it is\nnot unexpected that some members rely on others to provide for them. Most regular\nstipends come from close relatives, reflecting a traditional relationship of support, for\nexample, husbands supporting wives and children, or adult children supporting elderly\nparents. Thus, often emigration and remitting can be seen as the main livelihood\nstrategy for the family unit in question. [13]\n\n\nSecond, for other recipients, remittances are combined with other livelihood\nstrategies. As Abdiwali\u2019s case illustrated, some refugees solicit remittances in\nresponse to particular crises, for example, to help pay living expenses when other\nlivelihood strategies collapsed, or to address health or legal crises. Other people have\njobs or ran their own business, but also received remittances, or another member of\nthe family did.\n\n\nFor example, Hussein, a father of ten, worked in the mornings in a friend\u2019s shop for\nKSh100-300 each day, but his family\u2019s main source of income was the $300 per\nmonth that they received in remittances. However, in general it was not common for\npeople with regular income to receive regular remittances as well: even if they had\nrelatives overseas, funds would be directed to more needy family members.\n\n\nHashi, a scholarship student in his twenties, had a sister in Canada, three aunts and\nthree uncles in the US, an uncle in the UK, and many cousins abroad, but explained\nthat he did not receive any regular support. \u201cIt\u2019s nonsense to support someone who\ncan support himself so I wasn\u2019t really getting regular money\u2026 But\u2026 if I ask them, if\nI tell them there is this or that issue, in that case they send\u2026 I said that I wanted to\nstart a course, in that case I asked. Such cases\u2026 You don\u2019t need from them\nregularly\u2026 So when you need support they will support you very happily.\u201d In other\ninstances remittances were not expected to fulfil any narrowly economic function, but\nrather were gifts, either sent on a special occasion (for example, Ramadan, a wedding\nor a birth), or as a spontaneous act of kindness.\n\n\nThird, remittances were also often triggered to finance a particular livelihood-related\nproject. The major example here was when people ask for money to establish a\nbusiness. Some of the more wealthy Somalis arrived in Eastleigh with cash in hand or\nsaved in foreign bank accounts and made investments. But most people lost assets in\nthe civil war \u2013 homes and their contents, land and crops, businesses, money in\naccounts (when the banking system collapsed), cash (robbed or used up in the course\nof displacement), and gold (sold by women to raise funds). Moreover, in the camps\nthey were deprived of gainful employment and in Eastleigh informal sector wages\n\n\n13 This is commonly the perspective brought to bear in labour migration contexts, although here too, the\nsedentarist bias of development studies can tend to obscure this (Bakewell 2007).\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were usually low. It was hard to save up money to invest. Thus loans or gifts from\nlocal and overseas relatives are a key part of the history of many of the businesses in\nEastleigh.\n\n\nAbdi\u2019s case illustrates several points regarding diaspora support for businesses in\nEastleigh. There is often more than one \u2018investor\u2019, and the group may include local as\nwell as overseas relatives. Remittances for investment are usually sent in instalments\nand distinguished from regular subsistence transfers. People do not usually \u2018save up\u2019\nremittances. A hard-working independent reputation helps to mobilize contributions\nas two businessmen explained:\n\n\nYou know\u2026 people [are] going out [to other countries], maybe I\u2019m\ngoing there and I meet his relative [points to his friend], and they say,\nwhat\u2019s he doing that guy, and I say, he\u2019s a good man, he\u2019s working,\nso they will be happy. Even the people outside is looking for\ninformation\u2026 so they trying to add some money to establish him\u2026.\nThey like the person who normally works, they don\u2019t like somebody\nthey are giving _biil_ [14] \u2026 _Friend:_ Endless _biil_ ! _Interviewee:_ Yeah,\nendless. So they like somebody who\u2019s working. So they normally\nlook in the family, who is very active. And they pick up the person\nwho is very active who can generate a business and then they give\nsome money.\n\n\nLike I tell them I want to start a business, I ask them for support\u2026\nNow, the relatives over there will consult each other and contribute\nsome money, each one some amount... Maybe you are sent about\n$2,000, $3,000, you start the business. If you are seen to be hardworking, they might even send you more.\n\n\nAs these speakers hint, starting a business is seen by those overseas as an alternative\nto sending regular remittances, a way to help people provide for themselves and, quite\npossibly, as time goes on, help out other family members too. Hashi explained:\n\n\nOne thing that is becoming quite common these days is that relatives\ninstead of sending you regular money decide to engage you in an\nactivity. They get together some resources and they ask if there is\nanything you can do, if you can do tailoring, anything, work in a\nshop. Once they see what you can do, they\u2019ll send you a good\namount to start that business\u2026 So we\u2019ve moving away from this\ndependency, it\u2019s not really going to be around much longer\u2026\n\n\nLast but not least, despite this expectation, many business attempts \u2013 diaspora-backed\nand otherwise - flounder, leading to relapsed reliance on remittances, other family\nassistance, or aid. Alternatively, the business may not be successful immediately, and\nthey may continue to call on support from overseas to supplement their earnings.\nMuch depends on the resources available to invest, the economic viability of the\nactivity, entrepreneurial skill and luck, and the personal and clan connections of the\nindividual.\n\n\n14 _Biil_ is a catch-all term for living expenses, which is often used as a term for a regular remittance.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thus, incoming remittances may be a primary or supplementary livelihood strategy,\nand they may be used to deal with particular crises or to fund specific projects. But\nthe fourth key point illustrated by the cases above is that there is also _outgoing_\nremittance traffic: a minority of Somalis in Eastleigh also send money to Somalia and\nto the refugee camps. While smaller than international flows, regional remittances are\nimportant, particularly for the turbulent southern Somali region, which still has a\nsubstantial regional refugee diaspora. Some people remit out of their wages, or\nbusiness income, like Mohamed, Abdiwali and Abdi. Other people receive money\nfrom relatives overseas or from other household members and send it on to relatives\nin the camps or in Somalia. For example, Saad, who relied on regular remittances\nfrom his children in the US, would send around $100 every two to four months to his\nparents and siblings who are nomads in Sanaag. Maryan, a housewife, explained that\nsometimes her husband, an import-export trader, gives her $50 to send to her mother\nin Kismayo and she tries to send perfume or clothes whenever someone she knows\ngoes there.\n\n\nBefore turning to the issue of mobility patterns, it is important to mention that some\ninterviewees felt that relying mainly on remittances was negative, for example: \u2018it\ntakes away the feeling of\u2026 the need to be self-sufficient. It takes away your pride to\nbe dependent on someone abroad for all your needs.\u2019 But it is also important to\nremember, as illustrated above, that in many cases remitting occurred between close\nfamily members where co-reliance was seen as entirely normal \u2013 and to bear in mind\nthat the strong Somali tradition of mutual support in extended families and clans\nmeans that a wider circle of relatives may be reasonably called on for assistance than\nin many other contexts.\n\n\nBesides, what constitutes \u2018normal\u2019 relationships and patterns of economic reliance is\naffected by protracted exile, the fluid and unpredictable patterns of refugee\nresettlement and the fact that many people working overseas are able quite easily to\nsend what are substantial amounts by Nairobi standards. Moreover, many recipients\nfound it hard to see alternatives, given the policy of containing refugees and giving\nthem such limited economic rights. Finally, people often saw their reliance as a\ntemporary phase, explaining that the remittances were to tide them over while finding\nwork; that they were being supporting while studying; or that they were waiting to\nemigrate.\n\n\n**Remittances and mobility patterns**\n\n\nBeyond shaping people\u2019s livelihoods in Eastleigh, remittances often intertwine with\nmobility to and from Nairobi, as the cases above illustrated. Interviewees\u2019 decisions\nto leave Somalia were commonly prompted by the killing of relatives, often parents or\nsiblings, in the early 1990s. During displacement, families were often split up, with\nparents allocating children to the care of relatives, particularly their siblings, aunts and\nuncles, where this seemed best for their security and welfare. This is quite common in\nSomali culture, but in the process of displacement the shuttling of people between\nhouseholds (in Somalia, in the refugee camps, and in urban areas) became a more\nurgent and frequent strategy for survival.\n\n\nThis regional mobility is often facilitated by someone sending money from abroad.\nPeople still leave Somalia, largely in response to the insecurity in the south. Leaving\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "overland is hazardous and where possible people prefer to travel on _qaad_ or\ncommercial flights, in which case the flight and necessary documents have to be paid\nfor. People also have good reasons for wanting to leave the refugee camps for\nNairobi: to avoid the harsh conditions (heat, scarce rations, recurrent sickness among\ntheir children, risk of rape and violence); to access better educational opportunities\nand health facilities; to find work and build a different future for themselves and their\nfamilies; and to get in contact with relatives abroad with a view to resettlement.\nTravelling from the camps to Nairobi can be a costly and risky trip for those without\nproper documents. As there is the risk of ambush and attack by bandits, most\nrefugees prefer to travel by the main road, but are frequently subjected en route to\npolice detention and extortion or return to the camps, incurring extra costs that\nsometimes trigger requests to relatives overseas for assistance.\n\n\nOnce in Nairobi, it can take a while to start earning your living: in the interim,\nrelatives often help out \u2013 those overseas with cash and those locally by providing\nsomewhere to stay, food and sometimes work. There is a group of people whose\npresence in Eastleigh is contingent on receiving remittances, otherwise they could not\nafford to live there and would have to return to the camps. Thus, Rhoda moved to the\ncity with money from her husband overseas, motivated by a mixture of health and\nsecurity concerns. Conversely, some come to Nairobi intending to contact relatives\noverseas in order to secure assistance \u2013 as telephone, internet and money transfer\nservices are more widely available in the city, at competitive rates.\n\n\nMoreover, households receiving remittances are often less likely to fragment, with\nparents able to provide for all their children rather than sending them away to\nrelatives, and able to expand, by taking in relatives, from the camps, and from\nSomalia, particularly siblings or their children, and often subletting rooms to others.\nIn a fluid and sometimes hazardous economic setting, such solidarity is an important\ncultural and economic asset.\n\n\nThe second key point is that remittances also intertwine with mobility beyond the\nregion. Many people come to Nairobi to try to arrange resettlement in the West, often\nwith the heartfelt wish to be reunited with much-missed children, husbands and wives,\nand parents resettled overseas. The circumscribed legal and economic existence of\nSomali refugees in Kenya is another major motivation:\n\n\nMany people were supposed to make money here, but the\ngovernment\u2026 Even me myself, if I get a permit to stay in Nairobi\u2026\nthen I can make money, I can try to sustain my own life\u2026 [but] there\nis no way\u2026 my last incentive was $50 per month... When I was\n_teaching_ \u2026 Not enough for myself alone, not enough for the family.\n\n\nI would love to export myself! Otherwise, you know the suffering\nhere. You can\u2019t find jobs, you can\u2019t find any other opportunities\u2026\npersonally, the only thing I can do is\u2026 community service. But that\nwill not pay me much to take care of the family. It is difficult.\n\n\nWhile idealized images of the West certainly abound, the basic material inequalities\nare staggering and undeniable. Indeed, remittances seem to have a potent\n\u2018demonstration effect\u2019 for the benefits of migration:\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Once they are here, they are not very useful, they are not very\nproductive, they\u2019re just consumers, because there\u2019s no source of\nemployment, there\u2019s no way they can find money, so they have to ask\nfor money every time\u2026 So, it is better for us to go to the countries\nwhere there are opportunities, the greener grasses, so we eat that\ngrass and send some of it to our relatives back home!\n\n\nThere are three main channels of onward migration to the West. First, there is family\nreunion or sponsorship. Conditions for family reunion vary across countries, but it is\ngenerally an option for spouses and children under 21, but often requires a financial\nguarantee of some kind. The second channel is through official resettlement\nprogrammes aimed at resettling individuals or groups deemed to face particular\npersecution. There were around 4,000 refugees resettled through UNHCR in 2006\n(UNHCR 2007).\n\n\nThird, there are other channels often termed \u2018irregular\u2019, sometimes piggy-backing on\nelements of the two \u2018official\u2019 methods outlined above, sometimes involving brokers\n( _mukhalis_ ). Sperl (2001) points out that originally UNHCR used \u2018irregular\u2019 only to\ndescribe unlawful methods of entry, but the term \u2018irregular mover\u2019, carrying\npejorative overtones, is increasingly applied to all refugees leaving a first country of\nasylum. He challenges this: \u2018What is \u201cirregular\u201d about people who seek to leave an\noften de facto hopeless situation in a camp or a slum, in order to seek a better future\nthrough education, employment or resettlement?\u2019 (Sperl 2001: 26).\n\n\nAlthough viewed by governments as illegal, \u2018irregular\u2019 migration has a rather\neveryday quality when viewed from the streets of Eastleigh. Against the background\nof the constraints of life as refugees in Kenya, arranging to be smuggled to a richer\ncountry is seen by those involved as entirely acceptable behaviour. In contrast, going\nabroad and earning a good living but failing to help relatives back in Kenya or\nSomalia is seen as unacceptable behaviour. According to UNHCR, \u2018irregular\nsecondary movement\u2026 may\u2026 be a symptom of protracted hopelessness among longstanding refugee populations,\u2019 (UNHCR 2004: 5). Put another way, this onward\nmovement can be part of a quest for self-reliance and rights.\n\n\nThe diaspora often plays a key role in facilitating and financing resettlement in the\nWest. First, they provide information, are sometimes able to request reunion, and deal\nwith paperwork or other arrangements from abroad, and assist on arrival. Second,\nthey often meet the costs of emigration, which can range from nil \u2013 on some\nresettlement programmes - to around $5,000+ for alternative arrangements. In both\nofficial and informal emigration arrangements, Nairobi is a key location \u2013where\npeople can meet, make arrangements through social networks, access brokers, and\nattend interviews at the UNHCR and the Joint Voluntary Agency (JVA) which\nresettles refugees in the US. A third common element is to send money so that\nrelatives can come and stay in Nairobi while making their arrangements.\n\n\nYet while many people come to Eastleigh with _buufis_ (longing for resettlement,\nexplored in detail by Horst 2006), those doing successful business are less likely to be\naffected. Moreover, many people come to Nairobi to arrange resettlement, but\nmonths gradually turn into years.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For example, Fadumo, a young woman originally from the north east of Somalia, now\nhas a business in a market in Eastleigh. When the civil war broke out and the\nrelatives she was living with fled, she was forced into a marriage at a young age for\nprotection. Later her husband subsequently left for Europe and cut off contact with\nher and her first child. An aunt helped her to come to Nairobi, so that she could be\nresettled in the US with the aunt\u2019s family. But she was rejected during the screening\nprocess and was left high and dry in Eastleigh with her daughter, with no resources\nand few contacts. She made friends with women working in the market and began\nselling clothes for them on credit to other women she knew, gradually building up the\nfunds for her own business. She keeps in touch with her parents, who are pastoralists,\nvia the _taar_ (radio operator), and every four months or so, when she is able, she sends\nthem $50 or $100. She is not a registered refugee and has no prospects of\nresettlement.\n\n\n**Repercussions in the wider urban economy**\n\n\nBeyond the direct effects on those receiving remittances and their immediate families,\nwhich was the main focus of the fieldwork, remittances have some indirect effects in\nthe wider urban economy, in terms of social differentiation and economic activity.\n\n\nFirst, remittances can affect relative socio-economic statuses. The task of assessing\nthe impact of remittances on social differentiation in Eastleigh is particularly complex\nboth because the Somali refugee presence is relatively new and transient, and for\nsome their presence in Eastleigh is entirely contingent on remittances. Moreover,\ntheir fortunes are likely to be particularly fluid compared with a more established\npopulation. The socio-economic status of individual refugees has anyway changed\ndramatically since 1991 as many were dispossessed of assets in Somalia, and, in the\nwords of one interviewee: \u2018Up till now, we have not regained the life we had in\nSomalia.\u2019 Thus, both the reference group and the baseline for comparison are unclear.\n\n\nHowever, on the whole, refugees in Nairobi are more likely to be from urban than\nrural backgrounds, and those benefiting from remittances mainly come from\noriginally comfortable families able to finance long-distance emigration of a close\nrelative to the West. People who receive regular remittances, although often living\nfrugally, are visibly more comfortable than those eking out a living at the harder end\nof the informal economy. According to one resident: \u201cYou see a difference between\nthose who receive remittances and those who do not \u2013 even in simple terms, those\nwho receive usually dress better. They can afford to send their children to good\nschools. Other people live in much more critical situations.\u201d\n\n\nWhile it is a place of both deprivation and entrepreneurial wealth, Eastleigh is a long\nway from being the poorest district in Nairobi, and there are other parts of Eastlands\nand the slum settlements where people live much harder lives. Remittances\nundoubtedly make a difference by providing for a number of families who might\notherwise be competing for low-wage jobs in the informal economy. Moreover, the\nbenefits of receiving remittances are to a degree re-circulated through local family and\nsocial family networks, building the social capital of recipients.\n\n\nA second wider repercussion of remittances involves the effects of the spending and\ninvestment of this money by recipients in the local economy. In contrast with the\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "outward-bound traffic of remittances by Kenyan city residents to rural relatives and\ninvestment in their rural homes, Somali remittances are largely in-bound traffic.\nMoney transfer operators usually pay remittances and trade transfers out to recipients\nin hard currency, which is then converted into Kenyan Shillings. They are spent in\nthe city economy, indeed mainly in Eastleigh as many refugees tend to avoid going\ninto town, contributing to high levels of local demand for goods and services, fuelling\nbusiness expansion on a considerable scale.\n\n\nMany of the businesses meeting this demand are Somali businesses, initiated with the\nhelp of relatives overseas. By 2005, a total of 2,800 business people, mainly Somalis,\nwere registered with Eastleigh Business Community (EBC), which was established in\n1999. Eastleigh is increasingly attracting customers from all over Nairobi, and\nbecoming an important part of the wider city economy.\n\n\nMore specifically, there is a thriving business in providing services specifically of use\nto Somali and other refugees, including money transfer and exchange, travel agencies,\ntelephone and internet bureaux, language schools, many of which are meeting a\nprimarily remittance-driven demand. Money transfer is the most obvious example:\nthere are numerous money transfer operators, popularly known as _xawilaad_ in\nEastleigh.\n\n\nIn Kenya, officially only banks or money transfer operators in partnership with banks\nare licensed to transfer money. Western Union offices are everywhere, but it has\nmade little headway with the Somali refugees who tend to use Somali operators, some\nof whom have forex licences and others operate entirely in the informal market. [15]\nMoney exchange is also in great demand in Eastleigh, in part because many\nremittances are collected in dollars and may then be exchanged into Kenyan Shillings.\nThere is a large informal market with numerous small-scale operators.\n\n\nAnother example of making business out of recipients is language schools. For\nexample, Yusuf came to Kenya as a boy and grew up in the camps. He then came to\nEastleigh and borrowed money from relatives living locally to establish one of the\ndistrict\u2019s many one-room private schools for adults. By the third month he had 50\nstudents, learning English, Arabic, and Maths while trying to arrange onward\nmigration to the West or the Middle East. He had also begun to repay his relatives:\n\u2018So life\u2019s not now bad, it\u2019s moving. To me, I get no other help from like, UK or from\nAmerica, but I get indirectly because the students I have at school, they get assistance\nfrom their relatives in the UK, Europe or America or elsewhere.\u2019\n\n\n**Conclusions**\n\n\nMany people displaced from Somalia and living a protracted exile in Kenya have selfsettled in Nairobi\u2019s Eastleigh district, defying the Kenyan government\u2019s attempts to\ncontain the refugee population in remote areas, not content to wait for elusive durable\nsolutions. The newcomers have had a significant impact on the urban landscape and\nsocial and economic relations in Eastleigh.\n\n\n15 Consultations with businesspeople and international agencies (February 2005) and\n[www.centralbank.go.ke](http://www.centralbank.go.ke/)\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While Nairobi is a distant outpost from the regions of the Horn of Africa that they\nhave historically occupied, it has become a crossroads for displaced people from\nSomalia. It is an important hub in Somalis\u2019 increasingly global information, trade,\nfinance and family networks. For many, Eastleigh is a staging post to an uncertain\nfuture. It is a place where, by connecting into wider social networks, opportunities\nmight arise. A minority, it seems \u2013 and generally people with secure status in Kenya\nor business interests - actually make a conscious decision to settle there. For many,\nthough, a few months turn into a few years, passing the time working, strategizing, or\nsimply waiting.\n\n\nWhile many of the uses of remittances in this context were similar to those in the\ncountries of origin, remittances were also used by people to deal with the specific\nproblems of protracted and unresolved displacement. For example, people are\nmoving from Somalia and the camps to Nairobi, often with the help of funds from\nrelatives in the region or overseas. Women with children sometimes receive money\nfrom relatives overseas to relocate from the camps to the city because of fears for their\nsafety.\n\n\nOnce in Nairobi, some people\u2019s living expenses are covered by people overseas. By\ninvesting larger remittances in businesses, some refugees are able to provide for\nthemselves and often subsequently assist others locally, in the camps or in Somalia.\nBut interviewees\u2019 investment of remittances was limited to the informal sector and\nconstrained by their ambiguous politico-legal status in Nairobi. Sometimes people\nrequested money to secure release from police detention. Remittances and other\nforms of diaspora support are also intertwined with patterns of onward movement\nwhereby refugees seek a new life overseas.\n\n\nAll this has consequences in terms of reducing reliance on international aid in the\nrefugee camps. An unknown number of displaced people from Somalia never\nregistered with UNHCR sometimes because they received diaspora assistance and\nwere able to stay in the city. Receiving remittances allowed many people to leave the\ncamps. It is well-known that those leaving the camps routinely give their cards to\nanother family, so that they can benefit from the rations, before the card is eventually\ncancelled (Hyndman 2000; Kibreab 2004). It seems likely that a portion of\nEastleigh\u2019s refugee population would have to return to the camps if they did not\nreceive remittances to cover their living expenses. Thus, remittances in many cases\npartially or fully release refugees from the aid relationship.\n\n\nYet there is a strong sense of contingency about remittances as a livelihood strategy\namong recipients in Eastleigh. They tended to be incorporated into the remittance\nprocess in a secondary or supplementary role. A minority of Somali people in\nEastleigh - often those occupied in successful trading activities or those who\nthemselves receive remittances \u2013 send remittances to Somalia or to the refugee camps.\nBut they are less often able to completely cover the recipients\u2019 needs, and if there are\nrelatives _dibadaha_ (outside), these are usually the main port of call for assistance.\n\n\nTurning to recipients in Eastleigh, if there are other relatives in serious need in\nSomalia, then their needs may be prioritised. Most regular recipients in Eastleigh did\nnot expect to continue to receive remittances in the long term. Even people relying on\nremittances as a primary source of income, whose sender had a strong social\nresponsibility to support them, usually had a plan to emigrate, or find a job, or start a\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7991580963134766, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7711986303329468, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced people", - "confidence": 0.5890519022941589, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "business. Few people saw their current situation \u2013 in Eastleigh, relying on remittances\n\n- as a feasible long-term status quo.\n\n\nWhile undoubtedly greatly ameliorating the living conditions of many refugees, the\nextent to which remittances, in this context, are generating sustainable livelihoods is\nin doubt. The general view is that \u2018a livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with\nand recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capability and assets\nboth now and in the future\u2019 (DFID 1999: 1). Although remittances clearly responded\nto crises experienced by recipients in many instances, often the transfers left people\nno more capable of dealing with future crises themselves than they were before. The\nmajor exception was when remittances were invested in providing an independent\nlivelihood, by establishing a business.\n\n\nThere is a growing recognition of the role played by resettled refugees and labour\nmigrants in the welfare of refugees affected by protracted displacement (Jacobsen\n2006; Sperl 2001; UNHCR 2006; Van Hear 2003). Van Hear asks whether\n\u2018\u2026transnationalism may in itself be a \u201cdurable solution\u201d for conditions of\ndisplacement \u2013 or at least an \u201cenduring\u201d solution. This might mean considering the\nencouragement or promotion of transnationalism,\u2019 (Van Hear 2003:15). According to\nUNHCR\u2019s 2006 report _The State of the World\u2019s Refugees_, UNHCR has been\nconsidering the possibility of encouraging migration for work as a means for refugees\nto provide for themselves.\n\n\nIt is important to underline, as Van Hear does, that refugees engaging in transnational\nactivities have not necessarily found a \u2018durable solution\u2019 to their original\ndisplacement. For example, a Somali man working in the Gulf, with a permit to work\nas a labourer may send money back to help maintain his family who are _prima facie_\nrefugees in Kenya.\n\n\nWhile this can certainly improve the welfare of the recipients, and the arrangement\nmay indeed be \u2018enduring\u2019, it is clear this is not a solution to their legal predicament in\nthe way that repatriation, local integration or resettlement in a third country can be.\nNeither party has regained in their countries of residence the rights denied them in\ntheir country of origin. Indeed, the remittance economy is in some respects\nmaintained by immigration and asylum restrictions that can separate close family\nmembers.\n\n\nMoreover, in contexts of protracted and unresolved displacement, it is hard for\nrefugees to maximize the potential value of any remittance funds that they receive.\nFurthermore, the capacity of resettled refugees and labour migrants to offer support to\nfamily back home may be greatly limited (Lindley 2007b; Riak Akuei 2005). In sum,\nwhile remittances are an important aspect of refugees\u2019 livelihoods, it is critical that we\ncontinue to campaign for better legal security and recognition of the rights of\ndisplaced people in Kenya and elsewhere.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3869b553-cc16-3d9f-84f7-e8526e464b59/14803F869EBCCAD5C125735C00572018-unhcr-aug2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_150/raw/doc_150_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_150/raw/doc_150_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 000a7d60f22bf2c24fa376b3f9ff91b01606f61e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_150/raw/doc_150_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Concept Note**\n\nLocalization and Climate Action\nUNHCR Global Consultations with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)\n\nGeneva and online, 7-10 June 2022\n\n**A. PREAMBLE**\n\nSince 2019, the decentralization process undertaken by UNHCR has strengthened the presence of the\nRegional Bureaus in the respective geographic regions. This decentralization has provided\nopportunities for UNHCR to engage more directly with partners at the regional level. In light of this,\nUNHCR introduced regional consultations with NGOs to complement the long-running Global NGO\nConsultations, as a way of enriching these discussions within regional operational contexts.\n\n[The most recent Global NGO Consultations, which took place virtually in September 2020, resulted in](https://www.unhcr.org/2020-unhcr-annual-consultations-with-ngos/)\n[key recommendations](https://www.unhcr.org/2020-unhcr-annual-consultations-with-ngos/Recommendations-UNHCR-NGO-Annual-Consultations2020.pdf) [that were presented at the 71st session of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee of](https://www.icvanetwork.org/system/files/versions/ExCom_Statement_Consultations_FINAL.pdf)\n[the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme (ExCom). Among these recommendations was that global and](https://www.icvanetwork.org/system/files/versions/ExCom_Statement_Consultations_FINAL.pdf)\nregional consultations take place on alternating years and complement each other. As such, regional\nNGO consultations took place in all seven regions throughout the year of 2021 and consultations with\nNGOs will take place at global level, in Geneva and online (hybrid format) from 7 to 10 June 2022.\n\n**B. BACKGROUND**\n\n[The theme for this Global Consultation will build on the Regional Consultations with NGOs, which led](https://www.unhcr.org/regional-consultations-with-ngos.html)\nto seven context-specific discussions around \u201cLocalization of humanitarian action and engagement with\ncommunities in the COVID-19 context\u201d. Given the launch of the UNHCR [Strategic Framework for](https://www.unhcr.org/604a26d84.pdf)\n[Climate Action](https://www.unhcr.org/604a26d84.pdf) in 2021, some of the regional consultations also tackled Climate Action and the three\npillars covered by the framework: 1. Law and Policy, 2. Operations, and 3. Environmental Footprint.\n[Those themes were also addressed through the 2021 Monthly online Consultations](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/unhcr-ngo-2021-monthly-consultations.html) organized by the\nUNHCR Partnership and Coordination Service (UNHCR PCS) NGO and Civil Society team and ICVA.\nThe theme of the 2021 Regional Consultations with NGOs was selected following online surveys\ndisseminated to partners by each Bureau.\n\n**1. Localization**\n\nUNHCR and NGOs among others, made the commitment at the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) in\nMay 2016 to \u201cEmpower national and local humanitarian action\u201d and thus, to work towards greater\n[localization. Moreover, the New York Declaration](https://www.unhcr.org/57e39d987) [and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) both](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4)\nrefer to the importance of engaging directly with forcibly displaced persons themselves. The [2019](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/global-refugee-forum.html)\n[Global Refugee Forum (GRF) pledges equally stipulate engagement and partnerships with Persons of](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/global-refugee-forum.html)\nConcern (PoCs) and require UNHCR and partners to ensure that they are meaningfully engaged\n[throughout the process. Engaging with them is also rooted in UNHCR\u2019s community-based protection](http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=5209f0b64&skip=0&query=%22community%20based%20protection%22)\n[approach](http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=5209f0b64&skip=0&query=%22community%20based%20protection%22) and the [age, gender and diversity (AGD) policy, through which UNHCR committed to put](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.html)\nPoCs at the centre of decisions that affect their lives and to ensure accountability to affected people. In\naddition to the GCR and the Grand Bargain, the COVID-19 pandemic has also undoubtedly confirmed\nthe importance of localization, the participation revolution and of partnerships with local actors in\naddressing humanitarian challenges faced by PoCs. The pandemic has particularly shown that PoCs\nand groups-led by them are often the first responders in humanitarian emergencies and can provide\nsupport and services in areas where UNHCR and NGOs have limited or no access. Moreover, they are\nthe most knowledgeable about their own needs, and the best advisers on what approaches are suited\nin their local area. Working with communities, is therefore necessary to better understand their needs,\nconsider and support their response capacities, and to maintain a vital link to PoCs.\n\nHowever, while the localization principle is widely endorsed, the modalities to develop localized\nresponses are multifaceted and often slow to take root within our institutions. Although an important\ndimension, this goes well beyond directing additional resources to national NGOs to deliver services\nwhile encompassing the development of partnerships with local actors and the framing of communitybased approaches, local leadership and empowerment, in support of socio-economic inclusion. Building\n\n\nPage | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online surveys", - "confidence": 0.920100748538971, - "start": 378, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9746993780136108, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "NGOs", - "confidence": 0.5930764079093933, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ffb9e73-e92f-31d5-951e-8144d0462114/626bf8b34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "on renewed dynamics emerging from the pandemic, consultations with NGOs can bring a\ntransformative outcome in the localization agenda. Consultations held at regional level in 2021\ngenerated recommendations that should be further discussed and fulfilled such as improving\ncommunication and strengthening channels between UNHCR and local organizations, calling to share\npartnership opportunities, to support existing capacities and to strengthen mutual learning between\nlocal and international actors. Greater focus should also be put on dismantling barriers to participation\nand seeking involvement at all stages to inform policies, programs, and supporting governments to be\nmore inclusive.\n\n**2. Climate Action**\n\nThe climate crisis is already amplifying vulnerability, driving displacement and making life harder for\n\nchallenges to people\u2019s safety, security, and dignity, for instance by increasing poverty, as well as to\ntheir sustainable access to food, water and livelihoods, while putting pressure on peaceful co-existence.\nDisasters displace millions of people every year \u2013 including many in fragile and conflict-affected\ncontexts. Most remain within their countries of residence, while those who do cross borders in search\nof safety and assistance tend to move to neighboring countries.\n\nClimate Action is also, at its core, built on inclusive approaches and accountability to affected people,\naiming to amplify local and marginalized voices in confronting related challenges. As such, Climate\nAction strives to ensure that all PoCs have equitable and non-discriminatory access to assistance and\nprotection, and a say in policy and operational decisions that affect their lives. The sessions on Climate\nAction organized in the context of the 2021 Regional Consultations particularly highlighted the\nimportance of the local impact of climate change and disasters as well as the importance of engaging\nwith local actors in efforts related to climate action. This includes the need for increased advocacy and\ninvesting in research and support in knowledge-sharing and capacity-building.\n\nIn line with the UNHCR Strategic Framework for Climate Action, those sessions also highlighted the\nneed to develop and strengthen collaborative approaches with a broad and growing range of partners\nto mobilize the capacity, resources, knowledge and influence required to meet current and future\nprotection challenges related to the climate emergency. Building and strengthening displaced\ncommunities\u2019 resilience and preparedness to climate-related and other environmental risks was also\ncritically emphasized. Those sessions reflected on the need for effective outcomes, clear roles for each\npartner and stakeholders and the need for accountability. Finally, the Consultations can be a space to\nexchange on UNHCR\u2019s efforts to support the Operationalization of the UNHCR Strategic Framework\nfor Climate Action and support regional action plans.\n\n**C. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES**\n\nBased on the above background and grounded in [the Principles of Partnership, the 2022 Global](https://www.icvanetwork.org/transforming-our-network-for-impact/principles-of-partnership/)\nConsultations will pursue the following objectives:\n\n1. Exchange on progress made on region specific recommendations and commitments made\n\nthrough the 2021 Regional Consultations and UNHCR-NGO Monthly Consultations; and review\nthose that could be endorsed to become global recommendations.\n2. Develop new recommendations to inform future collaboration between UNHCR and NGOs to\n\nprepare and respond to protection and solutions challenges related to localization and Climate\nAction.\n3. Feed into global driven processes such as the UNHCR Strategic Framework for Climate Action\n\nand preparations for the second GRF in 2023.\n\nThe outcome of the consultations will also include exchange of good practices from different regions\nthat may be replicated in other contexts. The consultations will benefit from robust engagement and\ncontributions of International and National NGOs, Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs), Refugee-LedOrganizations (RLOs) and other organizations-led by PoCs to respective sessions. The outcomes,\nalong with an overview of the debates, will be presented at the annual meeting of the UNHCR\u2019s\nExecutive Committee in October 2022.\n\n\nPage | 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ffb9e73-e92f-31d5-951e-8144d0462114/626bf8b34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**D. PRELIMINARY AGENDA** **[1]**\n\n**07 June 2022**\n\n - 9:00-18:00: Advanced side events (fully online)\n\n**08 June 2022**\n\n - 10:00-11:30: Advanced side events (fully online)\n\n - 12:00-13:30: **Welcome coffee & check-in** (in-person only)\n\n - 13:30-15:00: **Opening session with the United Nations High-Commissioner for Refugees**\n**and ICVA\u2019s Executive Director** (hybrid)\n\n`o` _Update on 2021 regional consultations_\n\n`o` _Objectives of the 2022 global consultations_\n\n`o` _2022 NGO Innovation Award Ceremony for Women-led Organizations_\n\n - 15:00-15:30: **Coffee break**\n\n - 15:30-17:30: Special session on **Partnerships** (hybrid)\n\n - 18:15-20:30: **Reception** (in-person only)\n\n**09 June 2022**\n\n - 9:00-10:30: Sub-session on Localization (hybrid)\n\n - 10:30-11:00: **Coffee break**\n\n - 11:00-12:30: Main session on **Localization with UNHCR\u2019s Assistant High-Commissioner for**\n**Protection** (hybrid)\n\n - 12:30-14:00: **Light lunch**\n\n - 14:00-15:30: Main session on **Climate Action with UNHCR\u2019s Assistant High-Commissioner**\n**for Operations** (hybrid)\n\n - 15:30-16:00: **Coffee break**\n\n - 16:00-17:30: Sub-session on Climate Action (hybrid)\n\n**10 June 2022**\n\n - 10:30-11:30: **Closing session with UNHCR\u2019s Deputy High-Commissioner and ICVA\u2019s**\n**Executive Director** (hybrid)\n\n`o` _Summary of recommendations_\n\n**E. PARTICIPATION**\n\nTo ensure effective exchanges and concrete outcomes, the consultations will adhere to the following\nparameters and criteria:\n\n\n- **Overall limit of in-person participation** : 200 delegates, from International and National NGOs,\nFBOs, and organisations led by PoCs. The number of delegates attending the Consultations inperson should not exceed 2 participants per NGO, FBO and organisations led by PoCs.\n\n- **UNHCR in-person participation** of maximum 80 staff will join in person, in addition to the above\nquota. Participation from UNHCR staff will be encouraged to ensure a two-way dialogue. Other UN\nAgencies may request to register one staff per organization, as speaker or as \u2018observer\u2019.\n\n- **Overall limit of online participation** : 170 delegates from International and National NGOs, FBOs,\nand organisations led by PoCs (150) and UNHCR (20).\n\n- **Registration priority** will be given to organizations that work on forced displacement and those\nwhich:\n\n - have engaged in the 2021 Regional UNHCR-NGO Consultations and/or the Monthly UNHCRNGO Consultations in 2021.\n\n - demonstrate expertise and experience in at least one of the two broad topics of discussion for\nthis consultation (Localization and Climate action).\n\n - are ICVA members and/or implementing and/or operational partners of UNHCR in 2020 and\n2021.\n\n\n1 Please note that the time refers to the Central European Time.\n\n\nPage | 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ffb9e73-e92f-31d5-951e-8144d0462114/626bf8b34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Each session will seek to be as interactive and concrete as possible, leaving room for exchanges to\ntake place. In this perspective, the panel of speakers will draw mainly from UNHCR staff and\nrepresentatives of NGOs/FBOs/organisations led by PoCs, while also considering possible other expert\ncontributions (e.g. from other UN agencies, academia and Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement).\n\nThe first part of each session will consist in introducing concepts, information and objectives through\neither traditional but short presentations or through interview style dialogue between the moderator and\npanelists. A structured exchange with the audience will then take place. The moderator will wrap up the\nsession by summarizing the main follow-up and action points coming up from the session. The\nmoderator may be a UNHCR or NGO staff.\n\n**F. PREPARATION MODALITIES**\n\nWorking Groups consisting of NGOs and UNHCR colleagues, chaired by ICVA and UNHCR, will work\nto prepare the sessions, including determining the focus of the discussion (sub-themes), agenda,\nspeakers and moderator. Such preparation will include the review of the recommendations that came\nout of the 2021 Regional NGO consultations and Monthly UNHCR-NGO consultations, drafting of\npotential global recommendations and consideration of innovative approaches. Potential sub-themes\nfor localization could be Engagement with Communities and Socio-economic inclusion of refugees for\nlocalization. For Climate Action the session could focus on collaborative approaches to address\nprotection risks for populations displaced by climate change and disasters, and joint actions to\nstrengthen the resilience, preparedness and inclusion of disaster-displaced people; as well as actions\nto green our operations (e.g. reduce our CO2 footprint).\n\nICVA/UNHCR PCS NGO and Civil Society team as of 29 April 2022.\n\n\nPage | 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ffb9e73-e92f-31d5-951e-8144d0462114/626bf8b34.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_151/raw/doc_151_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_151/raw/doc_151_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 56ba3963ba5a6a7893919999aac3560080947416..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_151/raw/doc_151_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Summary Note**\nLocalization and Climate Action\nUNHCR Global Consultations with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)\n\nGeneva and online, 7-10 June 2022\n\n\n**Introduction**\nIn 2022, the [UNHCR Global Consultations with NGOs](https://www.unhcr.org/global-consultations-with-ngos.html) will take place in Geneva and online (hybrid\nformat) from 7 to 10 June 2022. The themes for the Global Consultation with NGOs are \u2018Climate Action\u2019\n[and \u2018Localization\u2019. These themes build on the UNHCR Strategic Framework for Climate Action](https://www.unhcr.org/604a26d84.pdf) and the\n2021 [Regional Consultations with NGOs, which focused on the](https://www.unhcr.org/regional-consultations-with-ngos.html) Localization of humanitarian action and\nin many cases also examined the intersection with climate action, recognizing the essential engagement\n[of local actors. These themes were also addressed through the 2021 Monthly online Consultations.](https://www.unhcr.org/2021-unhcr-ngo-monthly-consultations.html)\n\n**Climate Action and Localization**\nThe climate crisis is already increasing vulnerability, further driving displacement and intensifying\nprotection and other challenges for those forced to flee. Indeed, disasters displace millions of people\neach year \u2013 including those already in fragile and conflict-affected contexts. Most remain within their\ncountries of residence, while those who do cross borders in search of safety and assistance tend to\nmove to neighbouring countries.\n\nUNHCR and much of the humanitarian sector made the commitment to \u201cEmpower national and local\nhumanitarian action\u201d and thus, to work towards a greater localization that includes organizations formed\nand run by affected people. The COVID-19 pandemic confirmed that this approach is essential as these\ngroups, often the first responders, provide support and services in areas where UNHCR and NGOs\nhave limited or no access. However, modalities to develop localized responses are multifaceted and\noften slow to take root and must go well beyond directing additional resources to national NGOs to\ndeliver services.\n\nLocalization should include improving communication channels, support to existing capacities and\nstrengthening mutual learning between local and international actors. Greater focus should be put on\ndismantling barriers to participation. Climate action is at its core, like localization, built on inclusive\napproaches and accountability to affected people. It should aim to amplify local/ marginalized voices in\nconfronting related challenges and should strive to ensure equitable access to assistance and\nprotection, and decision-making for all the people UNHCR serves.\n\n**Objectives of the consultations**\n1. **Exchange on progress** made on region specific recommendations and commitments made\n\nthrough the 2021 Monthly and Regional UNHCR-NGO Consultations; and review those that could\nbe endorsed to become global recommendations.\n2. **Develop new recommendations** to inform future UNHCR-NGO collaboration to prepare and\n\nrespond to protection and solutions challenges related to Localization and Climate Action.\n3. **Feed into globally driven processes** such as the UNHCR Strategic Framework for Climate Action\n\nand preparations for the second GRF in 2023.\n\n**Participation criteria**\n\n - **Overall limit of in-person participation** : 200 delegates, from International and National\nNGOs, FBOs, and organizations led by PoCs (maximum of 2 delegates per organization).\n\n - **UNHCR in-person participation** of maximum 80 staff. Other UN Agencies may request to\nregister one staff per organization, as speaker or as \u2018observer\u2019.\n\n - **Overall limit of online participation** : 170 delegates from International and National NGOs,\nFBOs, and organisations led by PoCs (150) and UNHCR (20).\n\n - **Registration priority** will be given to those that work on forced displacement and which:\n\n`o` have engaged in the 2021 Regional and Monthly UNHCR-NGO Consultations.\n\n`o` demonstrate expertise and experience in at least one of the two broad topics.\n\n`o` are ICVA members and/or implementing and/or operational partners of UNHCR.\n\nICVA/UNHCR PCS NGO and Civil Society team as of 29 April 2022.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bcbb1d5-6011-3dca-b8bd-e77acc41ff0f/626bf93a4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_152/raw/doc_152_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_152/raw/doc_152_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e45b681ed864c6e7cb4e443776d0abf63bc96d06..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_152/raw/doc_152_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN:\n## Recommendations for alternatives to detention and appropriate care arrangements in Europe\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Contents\n##### About this brief 3 1. The impact of child detetion 4 2. The question of effectiveness 5 3. The human rights dimension 6 4. The extent of child immigration detention in Europe 8 5. Offering solutions: Alternatives to detention and appropriate care arrangements in the European context 9 6. Recommendations 14\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:** \u00a9 IOM/Amanda Nero 2018\n**SUBCOVER PHOTOGRAPH:** \u00a9 IOM/Malavolta\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 2. THE QUESTION OF EFFECTIVENESS\n\nOver the last two decades, child immigration detention has increasingly been used\nas a strategy for combatting irregular migration. 5\n\n\n#### 1. THE IMPACT OF CHILD DETENTION\n\n\n\n. [5]\nIn practice, however, alternatives to\ndetention which use case management\nbased on the best interests of the child\nto support engagement in asylum and\nimmigration processes often achieve\nhigher rates of case resolution, while at\nthe same time ensuring children\u2019s wellbeing. [6]\n\n\nDetention has also been put forward\nby certain States as a measure for the\nchild\u2019s own protection. However, in light\nof its documented devastating impact\non children, detention is never in a\nchild\u2019s best interests and should not be\npresented as a measure of protection.\n\n\nUnaccompanied asylum-seeking and\nmigrant children should be accorded the\nsame protection, support and care as\nnational children without parental care,\nand should not be deprived of their liberty\nsimply because they are unaccompanied.\nStates that are implementing communitybased and non-custodial alternatives to\ndetention for children and families have\nfound these to be more cost-effective\nand to result in lower rates of absconding\nand higher rates of compliance with\nprocedures. [7]\n\n\n\nIn fact, alternatives to detention have\nbeen shown to achieve up to 95 per cent\ncompliance rates and up to 69 per cent\nvoluntary and independent return rates for\nrefused cases. [8] Research has also pointed\nto the integration benefits of placing\nmigrant and asylum-seeking children in\nfoster care, including to learn the local\nlanguage and have access to individual\nsupport and guidance. [9]\n\n\nInvesting in appropriate care\narrangements is therefore a more effective\nmeans of ensuring the protection and\nsafety of children, keeping them off the\nstreets while allowing them to develop\nmore harmoniously, and at the same time\nensuring a more effective approach to\nmigration.\n\n\n\nChildren held in detention are at risk of\nsuffering depression and anxiety and\nfrequently exhibit symptoms consistent\nwith post-traumatic stress disorder, such\nas insomnia, nightmares and bedwetting.\nReports have also found excess rates of\nsuicide and self-harm among children in\ndetention. [2]\n\n\nPersons in detention, including children,\nare also at particular risk of COVID-19\ninfection due to the confined space,\nexisting preconditions and contagion\nrisks. [3] When detained, children can also\nbe vulnerable to neglect and abuse,\nincluding sexual violence, especially\nif staffing levels or care have been\naffected by the pandemic or containment\nmeasures.\n\n\n\nThese types of harm may occur even if\nthe detention is relatively short-term, if\nchildren are detained with their families,\nand if it is taking place in so-called \u201cchildfriendly\u201d detention facilities. [4]\n\n\n\n4 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The EU Reception Conditions\nDirective also requires the placement\nof unaccompanied children with\nadult relatives, a foster family or in an\naccommodation centre suitable or with\nspecial provisions for children. [17]\n\n\nIn addition, the recent EU Child Rights\nStrategy and Child Guarantee reiterated\nthe commitment \u201cto make available and\nincrease the use of viable and effective\nnon-custodial measures, in line with EU\nacquis, and ensure that detention is used\nonly as a last resort and for the shortest\nappropriate time\u201d. [18]\n\n\n#### 3. HUMAN RIGTHS DIMENSION\n\nChildren should not be detained for immigration-related purposes, irrespective of\ntheir legal or migratory status or that of their parents. [10]\n\n\n\nparents. [10]\nDetention is never in a child\u2019s best interest,\nas clearly articulated by the Committee\non the Rights of the Child, the European\nCourt of Human Rights, as well as other\nhuman rights courts and authorities. [11]\nArticle 37 (b) of the Convention of the\nRights of the Child states that no child\nshall be deprived of his or her liberty\nunlawfully or arbitrarily.\n\n\n\nThe provisions on detention of children\nas a \u201cmeasure of last resort\u201d in this Article\nmay apply to children in conflict with the\nlaw, but are not applicable to immigration\nproceedings and therefore cannot be\nused to justify immigration detention of\nchildren. [12]\n\nMoreover, the child\u2019s best interest not to\nbe detained also extends to their family,\nas the Convention of the Rights of the\n\n\n\nChild protects the child\u2019s right to family\nand states that children should never be\nseparated from their parents or guardians\nunless it is considered in the child\u2019s best\ninterests to do so. [13]\n\n\nThrough the Global Compact on\nRefugees and the Global Compact for\nSafe, Orderly and Regular Migration,\nStates also reiterated their commitment\nto provide and develop \u201cnon-custodial\nand community-based alternatives to\ndetention\u201d, in particular for children, with\nthe ultimate aim to \u201cend the practice\nof child detention in the context of\ninternational migration\u201d. [14]\n\n\nThe continued use of child detention in\nthe European region is at odds with the\ncommitments made internationally and\nregionally to end this practice. [15] Over the\nlast two decades, the European Union (EU)\nhas demonstrated a strong commitment\nand called upon Member States and\naccession countries to strengthen the\nprotection of children in migration within\nnational child protection systems.\n\n\nThe EU\u2019s policies call on its Member States\nto \u201cstop the expansion of institutional\ncare settings for children without parental\ncare; promote quality, community-based\ncare and foster care within family settings\u201d\nand to promote alternative care, family\nsupport and integrated child protection\nsystems.\n\n\nThe 2017 Communication from the\nCommission to the European Parliament\nand the Council on the protection of\nchildren in migration included in its key\nactions the need to ensure a range of\nalternative care options, including familybased care. [16]\n\n\n\n6 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\n\n\n#### IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT\n\nThe UN Guidelines for the Alternative\nCare of Children encourage the use of\nfamily-based care, with residential care\nlimited to settings where this would be\nspecifically appropriate, necesary and\nconstructive for the individual child\nconcerned and in his, her, their best\ninterests. [21]\n\n\nWhile the needs of the individual child,\nas well as the availability of resources\nand support, may require the use of\nresidential care facilities in some contexts,\nthe Guidelines highlight that large\nfacilities (institutions) should be avoided\nand call for implementation of a deinstitutionalization strategy which aims for\ntheir progressive elimination.\n\n\n\nThe lack of disaggregated and\nharmonized data makes it challenging to\nfully understand national child detention\npractices in Europe. For example, while\nEurostat publishes data specific to\nchildren in migration within the EU, there\nis currently no obligation on national\nauthorities to report data on child\ndetention. [19]\n\n\nThis lack of data makes it difficult to\nmonitor progress in policy implementation\nrelated to ending the detention of\nchildren. It also makes it less likely that\nchild detention, including the length\nand conditions of detention, is being\neffectively monitored at national level in\nall States. [20]\n\n\n- In response to this information gap,\nIOM, UNHCR and UNICEF conducted\na joint desk review of practices related\nto child immigration detention across\nthe European region in 2021. The\nreview indicated that among the 38\ncountries reviewed:\n\n\n- The detention of children in families\nis permitted by the national legal\nframework in 27 countries, while the\n\n\n\ndetention of unaccompanied children\nis permitted by the national legal\nframework in 19 countries.\n\n\n- Among these countries, the majority\n(26 countries) implement preremoval detention of children. In\n18 countries, children are detained\nupon entry, in eight countries while\nasylum procedures are ongoing, in\nfive countries while age assessment\nprocedures are ongoing, and in\n16 countries while awaiting other\nprocedures.\n\n\n- Within the countries where child\nimmigration detention is permitted\nby the national legal framework, only\ntwo countries were reported not to be\ndetaining children in practice.\n\n\n- Almost all of the countries detain\nchildren in immigration detention\nfacilities rather than in criminal\ndetention facilities.\n\n\n- In nine countries, immigration\ndetention of children was not\npermitted by the national legal\nframework.\n\n\n\nDue to the documented negative\nimpacts of institutionalization on\nchildren, institutions should be replaced\nwith quality care, including family and\ncommunity-based care and, where\nrelevant, resources should be allocated to\nfamily and community-based care services\nwith adequate training and support for\ncaregivers and robust screening and\noversight mechanisms.\n\n\nIn addition to appropriate care\narrangements, a range of international\nand regional standards and guidance\npoint to minimum safeguards, critical to\nensure the protection and best interests of\nchildren. [22] These include:\n\n\n\n\n\nINFORMATION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLEISURE\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Alternatives to detention are already in place for children and families in\nvarious European countries. While concerns about children absconding from\nasylum and other immigration procedures remain, these practices have\nclearly demonstrated how appropriate care and linked services and support\ncan be implemented towards better protection for asylum-seeking, refugee\nand migrant children. A few of these positive practices are highlighted\nbelow, selected based on their reported protective and beneficial outcomes\nfor the children concerned, as well as the positive feedback from staff,\npartners and other stakeholders in the respective countries.\n\n\n##### **a) SUPPORTED INDEPENDENT** **LIVING**\n\n_Supported independent living (SIL) is_\n_where young persons are supported in_\n_their own home, a group home, hostel,_\n_or other form of accommodation, to_\n_become independent. SIL can host 4-6_\n_children in long-term accommodation_\n\n\n\n_until adulthood and is usually used for_\n_older children, acknowledging their_\n_capacities to also care for themselves to_\n_an extent. Social workers and support_\n_services are available, but not with_\n_24-hour supervision \u2013 with the aim of_\n_preparing older children for independent_\n_adulthood_ . [23]\n\n\n\nIn **Cyprus,** semi-independent housing\nstructures for unaccompanied children\nover 16 years old are being managed\nand implemented by IOM in partnership\nwith the Ministry of Labour, Welfare\nand Social Insurance of the Republic of\nCyprus. This programme aims to ease\nthe difficult transition to adulthood for\nunaccompanied migrant children through\nsemi-independent living and by ensuring\nprotection and access to social services at\nlocal and national level.\n\n\nIn **France,** a number of departmental\ncouncils provide support for independent\nliving arrangements for older children,\nincluding unaccompanied migrant,\nasylum-seeking and refugee children,\nin collaboration with non-governmental\norganizations (NGOs), such as France\nTerre D\u2019Asile and Apprentis d\u2019Auteuil.\nChildren are accommodated together in\nsmall groups and provided with medical\ncare, psychosocial support, legal support,\neducation and vocational training. Staff\nare trained in social work and how to\nrespond to the specific needs of refugee\nand migrant children. The aim of these\nservices is to assist young people towards\nautonomy, including with assistance after\nturning 18 years old.\n\n\nIn **Greece**, SIL apartments hosting a\nmaximum of four children each are\nprovided for children over the age of\n16 (93 per cent of children arriving in\nGreece are over 14 years old). The SIL\nconcept was initiated and piloted by\nUNHCR and UNICEF in 2018, scaled up in\ncollaboration with the Ministry of Labour,\nIOM and NGOs, and institutionalized in\n2019-2020 through Ministerial decisions.\nCurrently, there are more than 500 SIL\nplacements which can host 23 per cent of\nthe unaccompanied children in Greece.\n\n\n\nIn Bizkaia, Catalunya and other regions\nof **Spain**, SIL apartments host migrant,\nasylum-seeking, refugee and Spanish\nchildren between the ages of 16 and\n18. Four to six adolescents live semiautonomously in each apartment under\nsupervision of a director and a social\neducator. In addition to accommodation,\nthe programme provides education, social\ninclusion measures, job counselling and\nemployment services, in coordination\nwith community services and civil society\nassociations.\n\n##### **b) FOSTER AND FAMILY-BASED** **CARE**\n\n\n_Foster and family-based care is when_\n_asylum-seeking, refugee and migrant_\n_children are placed in a domestic_\n_environment of a family other than the_\n_children\u2019s own, which has been selected,_\n_qualified, approved and supervised for_\n_providing such care._\n\n\nIn **Greece** in 2015, with the support of\nUNHCR, the NGO METAdrasi piloted a\nfoster care programme specifically for\nunaccompanied refugee and migrant\nchildren, in collaboration with relevant\ngovernment entities and the public\nprosecutor office. A Memorandum\nof Cooperation was signed between\nUNHCR and the Ministry of Labour,\nimplemented through METAdrasi, which\naligns this project with the national foster\ncare system. The collaboration includes\ncapacity-building of staff involved in\nthe foster care of refugee and migrant\nchildren, training and support for foster\nparents, and awareness-raising among\nrefugee communities on the possibility of\nbecoming foster parents.\n\n\n\n10 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\n\n\n\nIn **Italy**, there are several programmes for\nfoster and family-based care for younger\nchildren (while children between the ages\nof 16 and 18 can be hosted in SIL or small\ngroup homes with a care operator). For\nexample, the Terreferme project matches\nunaccompanied migrant, asylum-seeking\nand refugee children in Sicily with foster\nparents and ensures continuous support\nto the family and the child throughout\nthe placement. MetaCometa Onlus, an\nassociation of some 50 families, also\nprovides foster care for unaccompanied\nmigrant and refugee children upon their\narrival in Sicily, working with psychologists,\nsocial workers and cultural mediators.\nIn Rome, the Movement of Foster and\nSupportive Families (MFAeS) provides\nindividually tailored solutions for migrant\nand Italian children, with more than 50\nfoster parents and supportive families\ntrained to care for children.\n\n\nIn the **Netherlands**, some 40 per cent of\nunaccompanied migrant, asylum-seeking\nand refugee children are in family-based\ncare (1,548 children in 2018). Nidos, the\norganization responsible for guardianship,\nplaces in foster care children under the\nage of 15, as well as those over the age of\n15 who have specific needs (while other\nchildren older than 15 are accommodated\nin small living units of four children each,\nwith a carer present 8 hours a week).\n\n\nA comprehensive matching process\nis undertaken to identify the family\nthat can best meet the child\u2019s needs.\nSocial workers are responsible for the\nrecruitment of foster families, matching,\nand monitoring and supporting the foster\nplacement. Nidos also has temporary\nfoster carers who live close to the asylum\napplication centre and are available to\nprovide temporary care for children while\nthey await longer-term foster placement.\n\n\n\nFinally, in **Belgium**, **Germany** and\n**Greece**, the U-CARE project contributes\nto the development and improvement\nof alternative non-institutionalized care\nsystems for unaccompanied migrant\nchildren. This project, funded by the\nEU and coordinated by IOM, aims\nin particular at mobilizing, recruiting\nand training foster families, with a\nspecific focus on those with a migration\nbackground, as well as training\nprofessionals working within national\nchild protection systems. The project also\nputs considerable emphasis on (trans)\nnational exchange of good practices\nand awareness-raising among the general\npublic on the importance of family-based\ncare and residential care alternatives.\n\n##### **C) SUPERVISION AND CASE** **MANAGEMENT AS ALTERNATIVES** **TO DETENTION**\n\n\n_Child protection case management is_\n_a way of organizing and carrying out_\n_work to address an individual child\u2019s_\n_(and family\u2019s) needs in an appropriate,_\n_systematic and timely manner, through_\n_direct support and referrals._\n\n\nIn **Germany**, unaccompanied asylumseeking and migrant children are provided\nthe same services as other children\nwithout parental care, supported by the\nChild and Youth Welfare Offices. The\nFederal Government reports annually on\nthe situation of \u201cunaccompanied foreign\nminors\u201d in Germany in line with its legal\nobligations to monitor implementation\nof the 2015 Act to Improve the\nAccommodation, Care and Support of\nForeign Children and Adolescents. [24]\n\n\nNational statistics on unaccompanied\nchildren in the Child and Youth Welfare\nSystem have been produced since 2018. [25]\n\n\n\nIn **Iceland**, the Barnahus model\naccommodates unaccompanied children\nin an arrival centre immediately following\ntheir arrival, as a period of rest during\nwhich they access services and receive\ninformation to understand the processes\nthrough which they are required to go.\nThe model promotes a child-friendly and\nmultidisciplinary approach by offering\na range of services to children in one\nplace, including psychological, health and\nsocial services. To avoid re-victimization\nand multiple interviews, children are\ninterviewed collaboratively, engaging\nboth asylum authorities, child protection\nservices and the guardian of the child,\nand encouraging child participation in\nthe process. The initial best interests\u2019\nassessment informs subsequent services\nand care provided to the child and are\nintended to lead to safe and long-term\nsolutions for the child. The benefits of\nthe Barnahus model have been widely\nacknowledged, and subsequently been\nadopted by several other countries. [26]\n\n\nIn **Ireland,** unaccompanied children are\nreferred to the Child and Family Agency\n(CFA, also known as Tusla) Social Work\nTeam for Separated Children Seeking\nAsylum and a child protection needs\nassessment is conducted by a social\nworker. The outcome of this assessment\ninforms the child\u2019s individualized, statutory\ncare plan, and a social worker, assigned\nto the child immediately following the\nintake assessment, is responsible for\nmanagement and implementation of the\nplan. [27]\n\n\nChildren over the age of 12 are placed in\none of the three residential intake units\nand accommodated there for a few weeks\nwhile determining the most appropriate\nplacement (which could be a foster\nplacement or supported lodging).\n\n\n\nThere are strong links between the\nSocial Work Team and local teams to\nensure a smooth transition from intake\nunits to local placements. Children\nResidential Centres are supported by\nsocial workers on a 24-hour basis, as well\nas a range of health services, including\ngeneral practitioners, therapists, and\npsychologists.\n\n\nIn **Serbia**, a successful guardianship moel\nhas been in place since 2017 through\ncooperation between civil society and\ngovernment services. Each guardian has\naround 20 children in their care and the\nguardians have specialized knowledge\nabout unaccompanied children and are\ncontinuously present and available to\nthem.\n\n\nGuardians initiate and conduct best\ninterests assessments and coordinate\nbest interests determinations for the\nasylum interview, facilitate access to\nservices (such as health and psychosocial\nsupport), and provide children with\nreliable information about the asylum\nprocess and country, seeking to make\nthem feel welcome and to reconsider any\nplans for onward movement.\n\n\n\n12 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in institutions and providing a vital\nresource to prevent child immigration\ndetention.\n\n\n2. States should enhance reception\nconditions, in particular for families\nand children, and ensure timely\nidentification, and referral of children\nto national child protection authorities\nand services, including health services,\nmental health and psychosocial\nsupport, as well as family tracing and\nreunification. Adequate reception\nconditions and access to basic services\nneeds to be provided to families and\nchildren, including during potential\nCOVID-19 quarantine or isolation, or\nduring any other emergency.\n\n##### **International cooperation and** **support:**\n\n\n1. International organizations and NGOs\nshould offer further support and\ntechnical guidance to States on the\nimplementation of alternatives to\ndetention for children and families,\nguardianship and appropriate care\narrangements, such as foster and\ncommunity-based care, and supported\nindependent living.\n\n\n#### 6. RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nEuropean States should continue to\nexpand on alternatives to detention\nfor children and families, and pursue\nappropriate care arrangements for\nunaccompanied children in line with the\nbest interests of the child. The following\nmeasures are important steps towards this\nend:\n\n##### **Enhancing data collection and** **monitoring:**\n\n\n1. National statistics agencies should\nenhance data collection on child\nimmigration detention and alternative\ncare, and make this data publicly\navailable, systematically disaggregated\nby age, sex, country of origin,\ncitizenship and disability status, to\nfacilitate monitoring.\n\n\n\n2. Within the EU, the European\nCommission should integrate\ndisaggregated datasets on\nappropriate care arrangements\nand child immigration detention of\nasylum-seeking, refugee and migrant\nchildren into their data on children\nin migration in Eurostat, thereby\nallowing for effective monitoring of\npolicy implementation at national and\nregional level.\n\n##### **Expanding alternatives to detention** **and appropriate care arrangements:**\n\n\n1. States should further enhance efforts\nto realize the commitments made to\nend immigration detention of asylumseeking, refugee and migrant children,\n\n\n\nincluding by introducing national\nlegislation prohibiting the detention of\nchildren for immigration reasons and\nits implementation in practice.\n\n\n2. States should adopt and further\nexpand on community-based and noncustodial alternatives to detention for\nchildren while their asylum application\nor immigration status is being\nprocessed, and pursue appropriate\ncare arrangements for unaccompanied\nchildren, drawing from the range\nof cost-effective and child-friendly\npractices already in place in other\nEuropean countries.\n\n\n3. Within the EU, the European\nCommission should encourage\nthe prioritization of alternatives to\ndetention for children and families,\nas well as appropriate reception\nconditions and care arrangements for\nunaccompanied children within their\nnational programming, including with\nsupport of the Asylum, Migration and\nIntegration Fund (AMIF) [28] and in the\nimplementation of the European Child\nGuarantee. [29]\n\n##### **Investing in reception conditions and** **national child protection systems:**\n\n\n1. States should address shortages and\nlack of capacity in child protection and\nsocial services and ensure timely and\nqualified guardians and foster care for\nall unaccompanied children. A strong,\nwell-resourced and trained network\nof guardians and foster carers can\nrespond to the needs of national and\nnon-national children alike, preventing\nunnecessary placement of children\n\n\n\n14 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on children\nin migration", - "confidence": 0.6501572132110596, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European\nCommission", - "confidence": 0.6317172646522522, - "start": 277, - "end": 279 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU", - "confidence": 0.8097187876701355, - "start": 274, - "end": 275 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seeking, refugee and migrant\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.7736446261405945, - "start": 292, - "end": 298 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat", - "confidence": 0.8290585875511169, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data on children\nin migration", - "confidence": 0.9181551337242126, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN IOM UNHCR UNICEF I SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\n\n\n\nENDNOTES\n\n\n[1 Inter-Agency Working Group (IAWG), Ending Child Immigration Detention, available at: https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/](https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advocacy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf)\n[uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advocacy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf](https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advocacy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf)\n\n\n2 Ibid.\n\n\n3 World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Preparedness, prevention and control of COVID-19 in prisons and other\nplaces of detention, 2020, available at: [www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/prisons-and-health/covid-19-in-prisons;](https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/prisons-and-health/publications/2020/preparedness,-prevention-and-control-of-covid-19-in-prisons-and-other-places-of-detention,-15-march-2020-produced-by-whoeurope)\nCouncil of Europe (COE), Committee on the Prevention of Torture (CPT), Statement of principles related to the treatment of persons\ndeprived of their liberty, 20 March 2020, available at: [https://rm.coe.int/16809cfa4b; and Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC),](https://rm.coe.int/16809cfa4b)\n[Interim Guidance on COVID-19 and Persons Deprived of their Liberty, available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2020-11/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20-%20Focus%20on%20Persons%20Deprived%20of%20Their%20Liberty_0.pdf)\n[fles/IASCInterimPersonsDeprivedofLiberty.pdf](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2020-11/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20-%20Focus%20on%20Persons%20Deprived%20of%20Their%20Liberty_0.pdf)\n\n\n4 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Report of the 2012 Day of General Discussion: The Rights of All Children in the Context\n[of International Migration, available at: www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2012/DGD2012ReportAndRecommen-](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2012/DGD2012ReportAndRecommendations.pdf)\n[dations.pdf](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2012/DGD2012ReportAndRecommendations.pdf)\n\n\n5 Michael Flynn, How and Why Immigration Detention Crossed the Globe, Global Detention Project Working Paper No. 8, Global Detention Project, April 2014.\n\n\n[6 IOM, Child Immigration Detention is Not Only Wrong, It Is Ineffective, available at: www.iom.int/news/not-only-wrong-it-ineffective;](https://www.iom.int/news/child-immigration-detention-not-only-wrong-it-ineffective)\n[and UNHCR, Options Paper 2: Options for governments on open reception and alternatives to detention, available at: www.refworld.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5523e9024.html)\n[org/docid/5523e9024.html.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5523e9024.html)\n\n\n7 IOM, Child Immigration Detention is Not Only Wrong, It Is Ineffective, available at: [www.iom.int/news/child-immigration-deten-](https://www.iom.int/news/child-immigration-detention-not-only-wrong-it-ineffective)\n[tion-not-only-wrong-it-ineffective](https://www.iom.int/news/child-immigration-detention-not-only-wrong-it-ineffective)\n\n\n8 International Detention Coalition (IDC), There Are Alternatives, available at: [https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alterna-](https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/)\n[tives-revised-edition/](https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/)\n\n\n9UNHCR, A Refugee and Then: Participatory Assessment of the Reception and Early Integration of Unaccompanied Refugee Children in\nthe UK, 2019, available at: [www.unhcr.org/uk/publications/legal/5d271c6a4/a-refugee-and-then.html](https://www.unhcr.org/uk/publications/legal/5d271c6a4/a-refugee-and-then.html)\n\n\n[10 UNHCR, Position on the Detention of Refugee and Migrant Children in the Migration Context, available at: www.refworld.org/do-](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5885c2434.html)\n[cid/5885c2434.html; International Detention Coalition (IDC), There Are Alternatives, available at:](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5885c2434.html) [https://idcoalition.org/publication/](https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/)\n[there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/;](https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/) and UNICEF, #Reimagine Justice, available at: [www.unicef.org/media/110176/fle/Reimag-](https://www.unicef.org/media/110176/file/Reimagine-Justice-for-Children.pdf)\n[ine-Justice-for-Children.pdf.](https://www.unicef.org/media/110176/file/Reimagine-Justice-for-Children.pdf)\n\n\n11 UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW), Joint general comment\nNo. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017)\nof the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of international\n[migration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return, 16 November 2017, CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23, available at: www.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html)\n[refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html; European Court of Human Rights, Factsheet: Unaccompanied migrant minors in detention (2020),](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html)\n[available at: www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Unaccompanied_migrant_minors_detention_ENG.pdf; and Inter-Agency Working Group](https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Unaccompanied_migrant_minors_detention_ENG.pdf)\n[(IAWG), Ending Child Immigration Detention, available at: https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advoca-](https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advocacy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf)\n[cy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf.](https://endchilddetention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IAWG_Advocacy-Brochure_Aug-2016_FINAL-web.pdf)\n\n\n12 Ibid. See also UNICEF Working Paper, Alternatives to Immigration Detention of Children, available at: [www.unicef.org/media/58351/](https://www.unicef.org/media/58351/file/Alternatives%20to%20Immigration%20Detention%20of%20Children%20(ENG).pdf)\n[fle/Alternatives%20to%20Immigration%20Detention%20of%20Children%20(ENG).pdf.](https://www.unicef.org/media/58351/file/Alternatives%20to%20Immigration%20Detention%20of%20Children%20(ENG).pdf)\n\n\n13 UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3,\nArticle 3(1) and 9(1), available at: [www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html; and UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Com-](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html)\nment No. 14 on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (Article 3, paragraph 1), para. 59.\n\n\n14 Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, available at: [www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regu-](https://www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration/res/73/195)\n~~[lar-migration/](https://www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration/res/73/195)~~ res/73/195; and Global Compact on Refugees, available at: [www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf)\n\n\n[15 E.g. New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, GA/RES/71/1 2016, available at: www.unhcr.org/57e39d987; and the Global](https://www.unhcr.org/57e39d987)\n[Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, available at: www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regular-migra-](https://www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration/res/73/195)\n[tion/res/73/195](https://www.iom.int/resources/global-compact-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration/res/73/195)\n\n\n16 European Commission, Communication to the European Parliament and the Council, The protection of children in migration, SWD\n(2017) 129, available at: [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52017DC0211](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52017DC0211)\n\n\n17 European Union Directive 2013/33 of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2013, laying down standards for the\n[reception of applicants for international protection (recast), Art. 24(2), available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PD-](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033&from=EN)\n[F/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033&from=EN](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033&from=EN)\n\n\n18 The EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/rights-](https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/rights-child/eu-strategy-rights-child-and-european-child-guarantee_en)\n[child/eu-strategy-rights-child-and-european-child-guarantee_en](https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/rights-child/eu-strategy-rights-child-and-european-child-guarantee_en)\n\n\n\n19 Eurostat, Children in migration, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/Children_in_migration](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Children_in_migration_-_asylum_applicants&oldid=536831)\n\n\n[20 UNICEF, Administrative detention of children: A global study, available at: www.unicef.org/rosa/media/4596/fle](https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/4596/file)\n\n\n21 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, 2020, available at: [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/673583?ln=en](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/673583?ln=en)\n\n\n22 Such as, inter alia: EASO, Guidance on reception conditions for unaccompanied children: Operational standards and indicators,\n[2018, available at: www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/fles/Guidance-on%20reception-%20conditions-%20for-unaccompanied-children.](https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Guidance-on%20reception-%20conditions-%20for-unaccompanied-children.pdf)\n[pdf; UNICEF, Building on promising practices to protect children in migration across the European Union, 2019, available at:](https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Guidance-on%20reception-%20conditions-%20for-unaccompanied-children.pdf) [www.unicef.](https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/5866/file/Promising%20practices%20in%20protection%20of%20refugee%20and%20migrant%20children%20in%20Europe.pdf)\n[org/eca/media/5866/fle/PromisingPracticesChildrenEurope.pdf; and UNHCR, Options Paper 1: Options for governments on care ar-](https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/5866/file/Promising%20practices%20in%20protection%20of%20refugee%20and%20migrant%20children%20in%20Europe.pdf)\n[rangements and alternatives to detention for children and families, 2019, available at: www.refworld.org/docid/5523e8d94.html. There](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5523e8d94.html)\nare also a number of relevant national standards, such as the Protection of Refugees and Migrants in Refugee Accommodation Centres,\navailable at: [www.bmfsfj.de/resource/blob/121372/ab3a1f0c235a55d3b37c81d71f08c267.pdf.](http://www.bmfsfj.de/resource/blob/121372/ab3a1f0c235a55d3b37c81d71f08c267/minimum-standards-for-the-protection-of-refugees-and-migrants-in-refugee-accommodation-centres-data.pdf)\n\n\n[23 UNHCR, Guidelines on supervised independent living for unaccompanied children, available at: www.unhcr.org/protection/opera-](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/61bc48844/guidelines-supervised-independent-living-unaccompanied-children.html)\n[tions/61bc48844/guidelines-supervised-independent-living-unaccompanied-children.html](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/61bc48844/guidelines-supervised-independent-living-unaccompanied-children.html)\n\n\n24 Deutscher Bundestag, Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung Bericht der Bundesregierung zur Situation unbegleiteter Minder[j\u00e4hriger in Deutschland, Drucksache 19/17810, available at: https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/178/1917810.pdf. The Act came into](https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/178/1917810.pdf)\nforce on 1 November 2015.\n\n\n25 Agathe Tabel, Empirische Standortbestimmung der Heimerziehung Fachwissenschaftliche Analyse von Daten der amtlichen Kinderund Jugendhilfestatistik, 2020, available at: [https://igfh.de/sites/default/fles/2020-06/Expertise_Empirische_Standortbestimmung_Ta-](https://igfh.de/sites/default/files/2020-06/Expertise_Empirische_Standortbestimmung_Tabel.pdf)\n[bel.pdf](https://igfh.de/sites/default/files/2020-06/Expertise_Empirische_Standortbestimmung_Tabel.pdf)\n\n\n26 Council of Europe, Child-friendly, multidisciplinary and interagency response inspired by the Barnahus model, 2018, available at:\n[https://rm.coe.int/protection-of-children-against-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-child-fri/168079426a; and UNHCR, I Want to Feel Safe:](https://rm.coe.int/protection-of-children-against-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-child-fri/168079426a)\n[Strengthening child protection in the reception of unaccompanied and separated children in Sweden, 2018, available at www.refworld.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c07cc0a4.html)\n[org/docid/5c07cc0a4.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c07cc0a4.html)\n\n\n27 Ibid.\n\n\n[28 European Commission, Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, see: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/asylum-migration-and-inte-](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/asylum-migration-and-integration-fund-union-actions-field-asylum_en)\n[gration-fund](https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/asylum-migration-and-integration-fund-union-actions-field-asylum_en)\n\n\n29 European Commission, European Child Guarantee, see: [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=750&furth-](https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=750&furtherNews=yes&newsId=10024)\n[erNews=yes&newsId=10024](https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=750&furtherNews=yes&newsId=10024)\n\n\n\n16 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### SAFETY AND DIGNITY FOR REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN: Recommendations for alternatives to detention and appropriate care arrangements in Europe\n\nMay 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf41497c-47e7-4f40-8023-f8704f7f8660/62c3f1464.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_153/raw/doc_153_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_153/raw/doc_153_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5fb9ffa033a9d9f9f69cd009d034ba181f4fec32..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_153/raw/doc_153_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges:**\n\n**Development Cooperation**\n\nConcept Note\n\n**Introduction**\n\nThis note sets out the concept for the 2022 High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges.\nThe Dialogue provide a forum for an informal, open, and lively multi-stakeholder discussion on\nemerging issues linked to displacement and statelessness. In 2022, it will focus on the theme of\ndevelopment cooperation to advance protection, inclusion, and solutions for displaced and stateless\npersons and will be held in Geneva on 7 and 8 December. Further information will be made available\n[on UNHCR\u2019s website.](https://www.unhcr.org/high-commissioners-dialogue.html)\n\n\nWith the number of forcibly displaced persons now reaching 100 million worldwide, a broad spectrum\nof actors is recognising that forced displacement and statelessness are not only humanitarian\nconcerns but also longer-term development issues. Key initiatives underscore a global consensus that\nhumanitarian, development, political, and peace actors all have a role to play in promoting and\nachieving solutions for refugees, stateless persons, internally displaced persons, and returnees. This\nincludes the United Nations Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cOur common agenda\u201d, 2030 Agenda for\nsustainable development and its commitment to leave no one behind, Global Compact on Refugees\n(GCR), #IBelong Statelessness campaign, High-Level Panel report on internal displacement and\naccompanying Secretary-General's Action Agenda on internal displacement, and the OECD DAC\nRecommendation on the humanitarian-development-peace nexus.\n\n\nMany actors have accelerated efforts to improve development cooperation in displacement and\nstateless contexts. This has translated into positive tangible gains with significantly more donor and\nhost governments placing displacement firmly on their development agendas. The rise in official\ndevelopment assistance to host countries with developing economies has resulted in innovative legal,\nadministrative, and trade policies and country financing mechanisms. New development cooperation\npartnerships have supported comprehensive responses and policy measures to mitigate poverty,\nrealise solutions, and strengthen institutional responses.\n\n\nDespite the promising steps made, longer-term solutions still need to be found as many persons\nremain living in limbo in protracted displacement situations for extended periods of time \u2013 an average\nof ten years \u2013 due to the lack of opportunities to return home or access other durable solutions. In\n2019, fragile States hosted over half of the world\u2019s refugees. These States are often the origin, transit,\nor hosting countries for refugees and face internal displacement situations. They can face challenges\nin including forcibly displaced and stateless persons in broader development strategies and ensuring\nthe requisite enabling policy environment to facilitate inclusion. This, combined with limited return\nand integration opportunities, can further exacerbate hardship, trigger onward movements, and\ncontribute to displacement situations becoming protracted.\n\n\nUNHCR has continued to advance its engagement in humanitarian-development cooperation. An\n[evaluation](https://www.unhcr.org/research/evalreports/61af7be94/evaluation-unhcrs-engagement-humanitarian-development-cooperation-sep-2021.html) of UNHCR\u2019s work highlights the organization\u2019s growing role in acting as a catalyst for\ndevelopment engagement in the context of forced displacement, and its ability to leverage\ndevelopment cooperation to improve protection and policy environments, link services for refugees\nwith national systems, and expand support for self-reliance within refugee and host communities.\n[UNHCR\u2019s Strategic Directions 2022 \u2013 2026 also emphasize the importance of accelerating efforts to](https://reporting.unhcr.org/strategic-directions-2022-2026)\n[mainstream development engagement from the outset of responses to displacement. The 2021 GCR](https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e95e677-30aa-4cdd-b1a8-fbbc3dc37c0e/62cd69bf4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[indicator report](https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report/) demonstrated the need for increased development cooperation and official\ndevelopment assistance to support the GCR objectives and advance burden and responsibility sharing.\n\n[The United Nations Secretary-General\u2019s High-level panel on internal displacement stressed the need](https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/)\nfor a development-oriented approach to internal displacement within government policies and\nresponses and strengthening public systems and services.\n\nBuilding upon these commitments, practices, and learnings, UNHCR will need to further adapt its work\nand broaden and deepen its partnerships in this area. Development actors can bring their influence\nand financial and technical support to foster protection, inclusion, solutions to displacement and\nstatelessness over the longer term. Involving regional organizations, governments, sub-national\nauthorities, and displaced, stateless, and host communities in these efforts can further humanitarianpeace-development cooperation in these contexts.\n\n**Expected outcomes**\n\nThe 2022 High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue will contribute to strengthening development cooperation to\nadvance protection, inclusion, and solutions in forced displacement and stateless contexts through:\n\n\n - Identifying **challenges, opportunities**, and **recommendations**\n\n - Launching **concrete multi-stakeholder initiatives** to address specific challenges in a\nsustainable, coherent, and coordinated manner\n\n - Informing **pledge cultivation and mobilization** related to development cooperation for the\nnext Global Refugee Forum in 2023\n\nA **summary** of key discussion takeaways related to good practices, lessons learned, multi- stakeholder\nengagement, recommendations, and initiatives will be compiled in an online outcome document\nfollowing the Dialogue.\n\n\n**Framing themes**\n\n\nThe Dialogue will focus on development cooperation across the\ncycle of displacement, from early action, to inclusion, to\nsolutions, with protection central and cross-cutting throughout.\n\n**Early** **action:** Enhancing development cooperation to\nanticipate, respond, and foster longer-term approaches to\nemergencies\n\nIn the face of the 42 new emergencies declared in 30 countries\nsince early 2021, as well as the growing numbers of refugees\nliving in protracted situations, UNHCR has committed in its [Strategic Directions 2022 \u2013 2026 to](https://reporting.unhcr.org/strategic-directions-2022-2026)\nbolstering preparedness and response capacities and transitioning from shorter-term to longer-term\napproaches at the outset of an emergency.\n\nDevelopment cooperation at the outset of an emergency can complement humanitarian responses,\nsupport efforts to strengthen the protection environment, and facilitate greater burden and\nresponsibility sharing. By integrating longer-term risk reduction, self-reliance, and resilience strategies\ninto national and local policies, plans, programmes, and budgets, development approaches can\nencourage resilience, inclusion, facilitate solutions, and support access to protection from the start.\nSuch approaches improve the ability and capacity of national and local systems to anticipate and\n\n\n2\nUNHCR, 29 June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e95e677-30aa-4cdd-b1a8-fbbc3dc37c0e/62cd69bf4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "respond to shocks and crises and ensure that displaced and stateless persons receive effective\nprotection and support.\n\nThe dialogue will explore how to facilitate early development cooperation through preventive and\nresponsive policy and response approaches, integrate development and humanitarian assistance\naround common priorities, track development financing comprehensively and systematically to\ninform planning, and facilitate development financing at the onset of an emergency.\n\n**Inclusion:** The role of development cooperation in facilitating inclusion in national systems\n\nInclusion of forcibly displaced and stateless persons in national development planning and systems\nfor education, health, work, social protection, and other services is key to rebuilding resilience and\nstrengthening self-reliance. It further enables persons to contribute to the social and economic lives\nof the communities that host them rather than depending on parallel humanitarian assistance systems\nfor years and even decades. Inclusion is fundamental to the principle of leaving no one behind, which\nis central to the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. It is also underpinned by international\nprotection principles, as enabling law and policy frameworks and participatory structures need to be\nin place to access national systems. Through inclusion, governments are better able to ensure\nprotection and support for displaced and stateless persons on their territories.\n\nA significant challenge outlined in the [GCR Indicator Report](https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report/wp-content/uploads/sites/143/2021/11/2021_GCR-Indicator-Report_spread_web.pdf) in 2021 is that while access to certain\nrights and systems may be permitted in law, there are often obstacles to achieving access in practice.\nWith most displaced and stateless persons hosted in low and middle-income States, a key obstacle is\nthe lack of resources and absorption capacity to include them in national systems and services that\nwould enable them to benefit from socio-economic opportunities.\n\nDevelopment cooperation through financing, capacity building, and strengthened data and analysis is\nkey to addressing these obstacles and facilitating inclusion in national planning and systems. It\nsupports governments to address the needs of displaced and stateless persons more predictably and\nreliably. Data and analysis informing development cooperation is key both for planning and assessing\nthe impact of inclusion on host economies and displaced and stateless persons.\n\nThe Dialogue will explore notable examples, interventions, and tools and frameworks for development\ncooperation that can facilitate inclusion and an enabling protection environment. Examples will be\ndrawn from development financing by banks, bilateral donors, and the private sector; technical\nassistance to build the capacities of national and local systems; and analysis of data to support national\nstatistics and planning and help stakeholders better understand and address the barriers to inclusion.\n\n**Solutions:** Unlocking solutions through enhanced development cooperation\n\nRecord levels of new displacement are far outpacing the best efforts to unlock solutions for displaced\npersons. Durable solutions are also urgently needed for the nearly 10 million stateless persons\nworldwide, a situation which has also contributed to significant internal and external displacement.\n[Enhancing development cooperation in support of solutions was identified as a key recommendation](https://www.unhcr.org/623dea4b4)\nfrom the High-Level Officials Meeting convened in 2021 to take stock of progress towards the GCR\nobjectives.\n\nDevelopment cooperation in support of comprehensive approaches to solutions can be facilitated\nthrough cross-border initiatives, compacts, and regional arrangements. The three support platforms,\nlaunched at the Global Refugee Forum in 2019, for example, have contributed to regional responses\nto forced displacement in Central America (MIRPS), Afghanistan (SSAR), and East Africa (IGAD) and\n\n\n3\nUNHCR, 29 June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e95e677-30aa-4cdd-b1a8-fbbc3dc37c0e/62cd69bf4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "offer promising practices and lessons learned to further advance regional and sub-regional\napproaches in support of solutions.\n\nDevelopment cooperation is critical to creating the conditions for sustainable voluntary return of\nrefugees and internally displaced persons to their places of origin. Development cooperation can\nsupport the rebuilding of the necessary infrastructure and the capacities of national and local systems\nto facilitate access to civil documentation; justice, protection, and security; housing, land, and\nproperty; and socio-economic services. It can also play a role in supporting efforts to address root\ncauses and build peace. Ensuring these elements are in place is essential to ensuring sustainable\nreintegration and preventing secondary displacement.\n\nWhile for some displaced persons, return will be the preferred solution, it will not be an option for all.\nWhere local integration or local solutions are possible, development cooperation can play a supportive\nrole. Investments, capacity building and support, and data and analysis are particularly needed to\nfacilitate integration and address specific needs in urban environments, where most displaced and\nstateless persons live.\n\nThe Dialogue will provide an opportunity to consider the role of development cooperation in\ncomprehensive approaches to solutions, including regional initiatives, focusing specifically on creating\nconditions for sustainable return, facilitating local integration, strengthening local solutions, and\npreventing and resolving statelessness.\n\n**Roadmap**\n\n_**October - November: Situational roundtables**_\nTo ensure that the Dialogue benefits from learnings grounded in experience, UNHCR will host a series\nof roundtables from October to November 2022, exploring the themes for this year\u2019s Dialogue in the\ncontext of specific displacement and stateless situations in each region around the world. The\nroundtables will stimulate reflection on learnings, challenges and opportunities in these situations.\n\n_**7-8 December: High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges**_\nBuilding on the outcomes of the situational roundtables, the Dialogue will pursue the discussions at\nthe global level. The event will be chaired by the High Commissioner, and circumstances allowing, will\nbe held over the course of two days at the Centre International de Conf\u00e9rences Gen\u00e8ve (CICG) in\nGeneva. The event will be livestreamed and will offer opportunities for online participation to ensure\na broad audience. The outcomes of the Dialogue will also help to inform pledge cultivation and\nmobilization related to development cooperation for the next Global Refugee Forum in 2023.\n\n\n4\nUNHCR, 29 June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e95e677-30aa-4cdd-b1a8-fbbc3dc37c0e/62cd69bf4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_154/raw/doc_154_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_154/raw/doc_154_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bef99f245205b7f7d98967b7a747fa6e7ce4a750..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_154/raw/doc_154_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **FIGHTING SEXUAL MISCONDUCT** **IN THE MIDST OF A PANDEMIC** 2020 IN REVIEW\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic, and the ensuing movement restrictions, lack of access and concerns over the health and well-being\nof people of concern and colleagues, undoubtedly impacted UNHCR\u2019s efforts to eradicate sexual misconduct. Despite these\nchallenges, 2020 also provided opportunities for advancing our fight against sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and sexual\nharassment (SH).\n\n\nBuilding on its vision to provide a safe, trusted and inclusive environment for both the people we serve and colleagues,\nUNHCR\u2019s efforts placed greater focus on consulting and empowering victims/survivors as well as local actors, colleagues and\npartners, and ensuring adequate systems are in place to prevent and respond to sexual misconduct.\n\n## **PREVENTING SEA IN** **THE COVID-19 CONTEXT**\n\n\n\nPast public health emergencies have shown that SEA risks\nrise in such situations, disproportionately impacting women\nand girls and making reporting mechanisms and response\nservices harder to access.\n\n\nRecognizing the critical need to join up forces in this\ncontext of heightened risk, UNHCR strongly supported\ninter-agency initiatives to support leaders, stakeholders,\nand practitioners engaged in protection from sexual\nexploitation and abuse (PSEA) in the field. [1]\n\n\n\nUNHCR operations included PSEA awareness-raising\nin their public health messaging on COVID-19 and\nstrengthened their efforts to protect those most hard-toreach. In some locations, community members, particularly\nwomen, received additional training on child protection,\ngender-based violence and SEA. They helped liaise between\ncommunities and service providers, also playing a key role in\nprotection monitoring when access was limited for our staff.\n\n\nTeams also expanded remote engagement with\ncommunities by:\n\n\n\u00bb Distributing mobile phones and phone/data credit to\ncommunity-based organizations, gender-based violence\nfocal points and women at risk\n\n\n\u00bb Converting physical help centres to call centres\n\n\n\u00bb Creating virtual communications channels such as SMS\n\n\n\u00bb Strengthening prevention messaging through multiple\nchannels (social media, TV, radio)\n\n\n\nI Associazione Italiana Amici de Raoul Follereau (AIFO) organizes discussion sessions on PSEA to strengthen community awareness and\nengagement, particularly for people with disabilities. \u00a9 AIFO Mozambique\n\n\n1 The IASC developed a [Technical Note on PSEA during the COVID-19 Response](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Finteragencystandingcommittee.org%2Fother%2Finterim-technical-note-protection-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-psea-during-covid-19-response&data=02%7C01%7Csena%40unhcr.org%7C1eb1f0360efb451beb8808d7dba4dfdf%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637219373484863679&sdata=wdhEDOoJf7KdWMH661%2FNmVsb7g0%2BkMvlXwoQw2cugKg%3D&reserved=0) [to provide guidance to colleagues in the field and a Checklist](https://psea.interagencystandingcommittee.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/IASC Checklist PSEA during COVID 19.pdf) to\nhelp local actors verify that key PSEA systems remained functonal and mitgate new risks.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4e3e019-8bb1-47af-9e3e-6a8514f1eef2/62fe26c04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - \u0007Information, education and\ncommunication materials\nraise awareness and provide\ninformation on free access\nto services and reporting.\n\u00a9UNHCR Argentina\n\n\nA global stocktaking\nof PSEA awarenessraising materials was\nalso finalized. It helped\nidentify gaps and good\npractices and made\nrecommendations on ways\nto strengthen engagement\nwith communities.\n\n\nSpecific activities to mitigate SEA risks were included in the\nCOVID-19 Risk Register, which was developed to ensure\nUNHCR could continue to deliver its mandate and minimize\ndisruptions despite the pandemic.\n\n## **MOVING TOWARDS A** **VICTIM-CENTRED APPROACH**\n\n\nPutting victims/survivors at the centre of our efforts requires\nthat they feel safe, free to speak up and to seek advice and help.\nIt also requires that we listen to them and provide support and\nassistance in a safe, sensitive and empathic manner.\n\n\n\n[In December, the High Commissioner issued a Policy](https://www.unhcr.org/5fdb345e7)\n[on a Victm-Centred Approach in UNHCR\u2019s response](https://www.unhcr.org/5fdb345e7)\n[to Sexual Misconduct](https://www.unhcr.org/5fdb345e7) - the first ever policy of its\nkind in the UN system. It focuses on the safety, rights,\nwell-being and expressed needs and choices of victims/\nsurvivors when responding to sexual misconduct. It\ncharts key principles which will guide its implementation\nin 2021.\n\n\nIn 2020, victims of sexual harassment continued to\nbe supported by the Psychosocial Case Management\nOfficer for SH. This support is now automatically\nprovided to victims unless they choose otherwise,\nshifting the onus from the individual to the organization,\nwhile guarding the individual\u2019s well-being and avoiding\npotential re-traumatization.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s global network of 400 peer advisors also\nprovided critical support in the context of the pandemic,\nparticularly in preventing and mitigating tensions and\ngrievances, supporting colleagues, and promoting better\nworkplaces.\n\n\nThe \u201cReflective Leadership Dialogues\u201d were adapted\nand rolled out virtually, benefitting more than 370\nmanagers across 154 offices. Using experiential learning\nmethodology, they engaged managers to reflect on\nways to strengthen their role in promoting more safe,\ninclusive, and respectful work environments.\n\n\n\nI Messages written by women survivors of sexual and gender-based violence are displayed in artwork on the walls of the Cotopaxi Reception\nHouse \u2013 a safe house for refugee and Ecuadorian women in the city of Salcedo, Ecuador. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jaime Gim\u00e9nez\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4e3e019-8bb1-47af-9e3e-6a8514f1eef2/62fe26c04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I Visuals from case study videos used in UNHCR\u2019s new SEA/SH\nLearning Packages. \u00a9 UNHCR/D\u00c9TROIT\n\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR continued to encourage colleagues to\nreport misconduct or raise concerns, including via the\nindependent and confidential \u201cSpeakUp! Helpline\u201d which is\navailable 24/7 in multiple languages and offers the option to\nremain anonymous.\n\n\nWe also undertook a comprehensive review of the tools in\nplace to support and assist witnesses and victims. This will\nserve as a basis for identifying and building on good practices.\n\n## **REINFORCING OUR FRAMEWORK**\n\n\nUNHCR launched its new PSEA/SH [Strategy and Acton](https://www.unhcr.org/5f3cfec44.pdf)\n[Plan (2020-2022)](https://www.unhcr.org/5f3cfec44.pdf) which is guided by four overarching\nobjectives:\n\n\u00bb adopting a victim-centred approach\n\n\u00bb equipping UNHCR and partner personnel with the tools\nand knowledge to prevent, identify and respond to sexual\nmisconduct\n\n\u00bb upholding UNHCR\u2019s accountability\n\n\u00bb maintaining our inter-agency engagement\n\n\n[We also issued our new Policy on the Preventon of, Risk](https://intranet.unhcr.org/en/policy-guidance/policies/unhcr-hcp-2020-01-unhcr-policy-on-the-prevention-of--risk-mitiga.html)\n[Mitgaton, and Response to Gender-Based Violence](https://intranet.unhcr.org/en/policy-guidance/policies/unhcr-hcp-2020-01-unhcr-policy-on-the-prevention-of--risk-mitiga.html)\n[(GBV). It emphasizes that fighting GBV and reducing the risks](https://intranet.unhcr.org/en/policy-guidance/policies/unhcr-hcp-2020-01-unhcr-policy-on-the-prevention-of--risk-mitiga.html)\nof GBV are institutional priorities of lifesaving importance\nand that SEA victims must be helped through GBV referral\nand support systems.\n\n\nStrengthened internal awareness was demonstrated by the\nfact SEA was increasingly included in our risk management\ntools in 2020, including risks registers. A dedicated SEA\nRisk Management Tool was developed to help colleagues\nidentify SEA related risks. it is available in English, French,\nand Arabic.\n\n\nWe reinforced our clearances, reference checks, and\nchecks against the ClearCheck SEA/SH database to\nprevent known perpetrators of sexual misconduct being\nrehired. In addition, we included SEA and SH in two\ncertification programmes for human resources personnel.\n\n\n## **COMBATING SEXUAL MISCONDUCT** **ALONGSIDE PARTNERS**\n\nTo strengthen the sector\u2019s approach as a whole, we\npartnered with sister agencies to develop a series of joint\ntools. This included a Common Assessment Tool that helps\nassess and strengthen partner capacity in a coordinated\nmanner and was piloted in 11 operations.\n\n\nUNHCR supported UNICEF in the development of a\nmandatory PSEA e-learning course. The improved course,\nwhich is being translated in Arabic and Russian, French,\nSpanish, will replace the widely used mandatory UN\ne-learning.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s leadership has played a strong role in interagency\nefforts to tackle sexual misconduct. From September 2019\nto December 2020, High Commissioner Filippo Grandi\nassumed the role of IASC Champion Protection from SEA\nand SH (see below) and Deputy High Commissioner has\n[served as Chair of the Chief Executves Board\u2019s (CEB)](https://unsceb.org/topics/addressing-sexual-harassment)\n[Task Force on Addressing SH within the organizatons](https://unsceb.org/topics/addressing-sexual-harassment)\n[of the UN system. In addition, UNHCR continued to co-](https://unsceb.org/topics/addressing-sexual-harassment)\n[chair to the IASC Results Group 2 on Accountability and](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/results-group-2-accountability-and-inclusion)\n[Inclusion.](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/results-group-2-accountability-and-inclusion)\n\n\nI UNHCR delivered trainings including with modules on PSEA\nto different local actors who provide direct support to IDPs in the\nNampula Province, Mozambique. \u00a9 UNHCR Jorge Palamussa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4e3e019-8bb1-47af-9e3e-6a8514f1eef2/62fe26c04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In January 2020, the High Commissioner and UNICEF\nExecutive Director Henrietta Fore held a joint virtual\ndialogue for members of their personnel on organizational\nculture, collective action, and interagency cooperation in\nthe fight against sexual misconduct.\n\n\nUNHCR strengthened its engagement with the\nOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development\n(OECD) and the Multilateral Organization Performance\nAssessment Network (MOPAN). This led UNHCR to adhere\nto specific standards on SEA and SH prevention and\n[response, including the OECD/DAC Recommendaton.](https://www.oecd.org/dac/gender-development/dac-recommendation-on-ending-sexual-exploitation-abuse-and-harassment.htm)\n\n\nDialogues with partners were organized with the support\nof UNHCR\u2019s Senior Coordinator (PSEA and SH) and her\nteam to discuss topics related to PSEA and SH, including\non the impact of COVID-19, risk management, and\norganizational culture change.\n\n\nWe also maintained our transparent approach with\nMember States on sexual misconduct issues, including\nthrough oral and written updates. UNHCR participated\nin a United Kingdom Parliamentary Inquiry looking into\nprogress on tackling the sexual exploitation and abuse of aid\nbeneficiaries and submitted [writen](https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/10021/pdf/) [and oral](https://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/7ce646e6-bf6d-44b2-8b5d-379073e6953b) testimony.\n\n## **DELIVERING ON IASC** **CHAMPIONSHIP PRIORITIES**\n\n\n[As the 2020 Inter-Agency Standing Commitee (IASC)](https://www.unhcr.org/60ed8f8f4)\n[Champion on Protecton from Sexual Exploitaton and](https://www.unhcr.org/60ed8f8f4)\n[Abuse and Sexual Harassment, the High Commissioner](https://www.unhcr.org/60ed8f8f4)\nlaunched several initiatives to bolster prevention, expand\nsafe spaces, and promote the respectful use of authority.\n\n\n\u00bb [An interagency learning package for partners \u2013 Saying](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-learning-package-protection-sexual-misconduct-un-partner-organizations#:~:text='Saying%20No%20to%20Sexual%20Misconduct,and%20respond%20to%20sexual%20misconduct.)\n[NO to Sexual Misconduct](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-learning-package-protection-sexual-misconduct-un-partner-organizations#:~:text='Saying%20No%20to%20Sexual%20Misconduct,and%20respond%20to%20sexual%20misconduct.) - was produced jointly\nwith IOM, WFP and others, to raise awareness among\nhumanitarian workers on how to prevent, detect, and\nrespond to SEA and SH.\n\n\n\u00bb An e-learning course on SEA investigations for\npartners was developed to build partner capacity to\nconduct investigations on sexual misconduct. It will be\nlaunched in 2021.\n\n\n\u00bb Partnering with the International Council of Voluntary\n[Agencies (ICVA), UNHCR launched the Protecton from](https://www.unhcr.org/psea-community-outreach-and-communication-fund.html)\n[Sexual Exploitaton, Abuse and Sexual Harassment](https://www.unhcr.org/psea-community-outreach-and-communication-fund.html)\n[Community Outreach and Communicaton Fund.](https://www.unhcr.org/psea-community-outreach-and-communication-fund.html)\nThis initiative aimed at supporting local NGOs in\ntheir efforts to raise awareness and engage with\ncommunities. With more than 1,600 applications\nreceived, the Fund resonated with local humanitarian\nactors and will, in light of its success, be maintained in\n2021.\n\n\n\nI Humanitarian Response Consortium (HRC) emphasizes\ncommunity empowerment, awareness raising and zero tolerance for\nSEA. With support from the PSEA Outreach Fund, PSEA billboards\nwere installed in the Tapikan and Lapok Shariff Aguak communities.\n\u00a9 HRC Philippines\n\n\n\u00bb To facilitate organizational culture change, the High\nCommissioner launched a Communications Package\nintended to help humanitarian leaders engage in\ndiscussions with staff on sexual misconduct issues.\nDedicated virtual sessions on values, at udes, and\norganizational culture were also held. One was hosted\nby the High Commissioner with fellow IASC Principals\nand another one by the Deputy High Commissioner\n[for the CEB Task Force on Addressing SH within the](https://unsceb.org/topics/addressing-sexual-harassment)\n[organizatons of the UN system.](https://unsceb.org/topics/addressing-sexual-harassment)\n\n\n\u00bb A collection of good practices on organizational\nculture change will be published in the first half 2021,\nbuilding on the innovative work done by different\nhumanitarian and development organizations, with a\nfocus on curbing power imbalances in the workplace.\n\n\n**2020 was a year of personal and professional**\n**challenges for many. Nevertheless, colleagues in**\n**UNHCR and partner organizations continued their**\n**efforts to eradicate sexual misconduct from their**\n**workplaces and their organizations. And, even more**\n**importantly, victims and survivors continued to speak**\n**up with remarkable courage. This journey continues.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4e3e019-8bb1-47af-9e3e-6a8514f1eef2/62fe26c04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_155/raw/doc_155_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_155/raw/doc_155_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index affb1f9b0265c4d6157fd0fd2d5223db955af7e9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_155/raw/doc_155_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### CHANGING PATTERNS OF MOVEMENT\n\nAt the start of 2017, arrivals via the Mediterranean\nSea to Italy, mostly from Libya, accounted for the\nmajority of arrivals in Europe each month. In 2016,\nover 181,400 people crossed this way. [3] As of the end\nof June 2017, sea arrivals in Italy were on track to be\neven higher than in 2016 with arrivals in the first six\nmonths (83,700) 19% higher than those between January and June 2016 (70,100), including over 10,000 disembarked in Italy over three days at the end of June. In\nJuly, the European Commission announced an Action\nPlan to reduce irregular crossings to Italy while Italian\nauthorities undertook a series of measures with a similar aim. Arrivals in Italy from Libya dropped from over\n22,300 in May and 22,200 in June to less than 4,800\neach month between August and December, including\nunder 3,000 in October compared to over 26,000 in\nOctober 2016. However, in September and October,\narrivals to Italy from all departure points increased\nslightly after the sizeable reduction in August. This\nincrease was primarily due to more Tunisians crossing\nto Italy from Tunisia. Of those arriving to Italy by sea\nfrom Libya last year, many were seeking international\nprotection including persons fleeing violence and persecution, and people who had experienced trafficking,\ntorture, and other forms of abuse in Libya.\n\n\nWhile numbers along the Central Mediterranean\nroute decreased in the second half of 2017, arrivals\nto Europe via other routes, especially the sea routes\nto Greece and Spain, continued, though on a much\nsmaller scale than what was observed along the\nLibya\u2011Italy route earlier in the year.\n\n\n_Too often, measures pursued in relation to the_\n## **\u201c**\n_Mediterranean routes have centred on how to control,_\n_deter and exclude. This can have a dehumanising effect \u2013_\n_and more importantly, alone, it does not help refugees and_\n_migrants avoid exploitative, deeply harmful situations._\n_A comprehensive set of political, security, humanitarian,_\n_human rights and development investments is needed.\u201d_\n\n\nFilippo Grandi, High Commissioner for Refugees,\n[28 November 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/admin/hcspeeches/5a1d80e07/statement-united-nations-security-council.html)\n\n\n3 Although 173,000 people arrived by sea in Greece in 2016, over 155,000 of them\narrived between January and March 2016 after which fewer than 3,500 people\narrived this way each month until the end of 2016.\n\n\n\nIn Greece, sea arrivals decreased significantly\ncompared to 2016, from over 173,000 to just over\n29,700. From May to December, the number of\npersons arriving by sea increased by 33% compared to\nthe same period in 2016 with most arrivals originating\nfrom Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Collectively, arrivals\nfrom these three countries accounted for 73% of all\narrivals by sea to Greece in 2017. Amongst all three\nnationalities were a high number of families with\nchildren comprising between 41% and 46% of each of\nthe three nationalities in the final six months of 2017.\nInformation collected by UNHCR staff on the islands\nindicated that many of the arrivals from Syria and Iraq\nin the latter part of the year had recently departed\ntheir countries and briefly transited Turkey, with new\narrivals recorded from conflict areas including Idlib,\nDeir ez-Zor, and Raqqa in Syria and Mosul in Iraq.\n\n\nAt the Greece-Turkey land border, the number of\nrecorded arrivals in 2017 amounted to 5,677 or an\nincrease of 50% despite Turkish authorities reporting\nthe interception of over 28,400 persons attempting\nto cross to Greece via the land route, a significant\nincrease from 2016.\n\n\nIn Bulgaria, an 84% reduction in arrivals was noted\nwith just under 3,000 refugees and migrants\napprehended across the country in 2017 compared to\nalmost 19,000 in 2016, most of whom were believed\nto have crossed from Turkey. The majority of those\napprehended in 2017 were from Afghanistan (38%),\nSyria (19%) and Iraq (18%) and most subsequently\nsought asylum.\n\n\nIn August, the first group to cross the Black Sea from\nTurkey to Romania since February 2015 was recorded\nas smugglers offered an alternative route, including\nfor some trying to join family members already in\nEurope. In total, over 500 persons were disembarked\nin Romania following rescues or interceptions in the\nBlack Sea in 2017. Other sea routes from Turkey\nincluded the arrival of 1,100 persons, mostly Syrians,\nto Cyprus, an increase of 195% from 2016, and 3,800\npersons mostly from Iraq, Pakistan and Iran to Italy, an\nincrease of 20% compared to 2016.\n\n\nIn Spain, more arrivals by sea, including of Moroccans\nand Algerians, was the primary reason for the 101%\nincrease in all arrivals in 2017 (28,300) compared\nto 2016 (14,100). While arrivals of Moroccans and\nAlgerians, the top two nationalities arriving by land or\nsea, collectively increased from under 3,800 to over\n10,600, the number of others, primarily from Sub\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At its border with Turkey, Bulgaria continued to fence\nnew sections declaring work complete in October\n2017. [5] In addition, UNHCR continued to receive some\nreports of push-backs from inside Bulgarian territory\nby border authorities.\n\n\nAs groups of refugees and migrants started to cross\nthe Black Sea from Turkey in August, in two separate\nincidents on the night of 8-9 September, Romanian\nand Bulgarian authorities requested the Turkish Coast\nGuard to intercept vessels in Bulgaria\u2019s search and\nrescue zone, resulting in over 200 Syrian and Iraqi\nnationals being returned to Turkey. [6] In one incident,\nthe Romanian Coast Guard reported blocking the\nvessel to prevent it reaching Romanian waters. [7]\n\n\nIn response to increased numbers entering Europe\nvia Italy\u2019s maritime border in the first half of 2017, the\nEuropean Commission and Italy announced a series\nof measures to reduce migration via Libya, including\nadditional support for the Libyan Coast Guard and\nother Libyan authorities. [8] During the second half\nof 2017, the numbers crossing from Libya to Italy\nreduced dramatically while the proportion of persons\nintercepted or rescued at sea by the Libyan Coast\nGuard increased. [9] While in principle increased capacity\nto save lives at sea is welcome, it is a concern that the\nsubsequent disembarkation in Libya is followed by\nthe transfer to detention facilities of persons in need\nof international protection where there is presently\nno possibility of release, except in the context of\nevacuation or resettlement to third countries. In 2017,\nUNHCR was able to secure the release of over 1,000\nasylum-seekers and refugees from detention in Libya.\n\n\nImproved registration upon arrival and increased\ncontrols at land borders in northern Italy have\ncontributed to the majority of sea arrivals registering\ntheir asylum applications in Italy and remaining\n\n\n5 Novinite, _The Interior Minister declared the fence on the Bulgaria-Turkey border is_\n_100% finished,_ 20 October 2017, http://goo.gl/V5MhfR.\n\n6 Turkish Coast Guard Command, _Current Operations,_ 9 September 2017,\nhttp://goo.gl/Hkuqiv.\n\n7 Poli\u021bia de frontier\u0103, _Ambarca\u0163iuni cu migran\u0163i, interceptate \u015fi blocate de poli\u0163i\u015ftii_\n_de frontier\u0103 rom\u00e2ni \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103,_ 9 September 2017, https://goo.gl/GZKMtX\n\n8 See, for example, European Commission, _Central Mediterranean Route:_\n_Commission proposes Action Plan to support Italy, reduce pressure and increase_\n_solidarity,_ 4 July 2017, https://goo.gl/WVrnHA; Reuters, _Italy begins naval mission to_\n_help Libya curb migrant fows,_ 2 August 2017, https://goo.gl/M8A6T9; The Guardian,\n_Italian minister defends methods that led to 87% drop in migrants from Libya,_ 7\nSeptember 2017, https://goo.gl/VgkRpC.\n\n9 UNHCR, _Libya: Activities at disembarkation, monthly update_, December 2017,\nhttps://goo.gl/vLGkUV.\n\n\n\n\n\nSaharan African countries, also increased by 67%. At the\nland borders, where arrivals increased 5% from 5,900\nto 6,200, including due to some large groups scaling the\nfences in 2017, the largest group of arrivals was Syrians\n(2,300) with their numbers increasing by 17% from 2016.\nAlmost all Syrians arriving in Spain in 2017 entered via\nthe border post at Melilla where they applied for asylum.\nMost Syrian arrivals were families and 48% of Syrian\narrivals were children.\n\n\nOf those crossing the Balkans where numbers of arrivals\nare difficult to record as most try to cross borders\nundetected, the implementation of new detention\nmeasures by Hungary combined with its existing border\nrestrictions contributed to increased numbers of\nrefugees and migrants resorting to different routes, for\nexample crossing from Serbia to Romania. While many\nstill tried to cross to Hungary, others sought to move on\nirregularly from Serbia via Croatia as well as at times\nthrough Bosnia-Herzegovina, or from Greece via Albania,\nMontenegro and Bosnia-Herzegovina to Croatia in the\nlatter part of the year. In addition, the movement of many\npersons from Serbia towards Greece was observed,\nincluding some who hoped to find an alternative way to\nother European Union (EU) Member States from Greece\nas well as smaller numbers planning to resume asylum\nprocedures in Greece.\n\n#### ACCESS TO TERRITORY AND ASYLUM\n\n\nIn addition to measures and practices restricting access\nto territory and asylum procedures that were in place\nat the start of 2017, over the course of the year further\nmeasures were introduced that made it even more\ndifficult for those in need of international protection to\nenter Europe.\n\n\nAt the EU\u2019s external borders with Turkey, UNHCR\ncontinued to receive, through direct testimonies, a\nnumber of reports of alleged push-backs which describe a\nsimilar pattern of treatment at the border. [4] While States\nhave the right to control their borders, such procedures,\nwhich are not protection-sensitive, may indiscriminately\naffect various categories of people, including asylumseekers who are thus prevented from exercising their\nright to seek asylum, as well as individuals with specific\nneeds who might require special attention.\n\n\n4 UNHCR, _UNHCR deeply concerned at reports of informal forced returns from Greece to_\n_Turkey,_ 8 June 2017, https://goo.gl/7MYTLQ.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the country, however, some still tried to move\non irregularly in 2017. At the border between\nFrance and Italy, there have been reports that many\npersons, including unaccompanied children, have\nbeen summarily returned from France. [10] At least 16\nrefugees and migrants died along the route between\nthe Italian border town of Ventimiglia and Nice\nbetween September 2016 and the end of 2017 with\nmost being hit by vehicles or trains or else electrocuted\nwhile trying to cross the border hiding on a train. As\na result of the difficulties of crossing the border near\nVentimiglia, some refugees and migrants have started\nto take an even more dangerous route through the\nAlps from near Bardonecchia. [11]\n\n\nAs numbers crossing to Spain by land and sea\nincreased, summary returns continued at Spain\u2019s land\nborders (the two enclaves), including following a ruling\nin October 2017 by the European Court of Human\nRights (ECHR) that such actions were a violation of the\nprohibition on collective expulsions and the right to an\neffective remedy. [12] The case has been referred to the\nECHR\u2019s Grand Chamber at Spain\u2019s request. In addition,\npersons crossing the sea to Spain face automatic\ndetention for up to 72 hours following disembarkation\nwithout sufficient mechanisms for early identification\nof those who may have international protection needs\nor other specific needs.\n\n\nAs refugees and migrants crossed through the\nWestern Balkans, with the intention to reach other\ncountries in western or northern Europe, more States\nbegan returning persons to neighbouring countries,\nsometimes violently, often denying access to asylum\nprocedures and without conducting any form of\nindividualized screening. For those seeking to enter\nHungary, further limitations were established for\nlegal access via the \u2018transit zones\u2019. Numbers allowed\nto enter were reduced progressively from up to 100\npersons per week at the beginning of the year to 50\npersons per week at the end of the year resulting in\nmany waiting around 11 months or more in Serbia. In\n\n\n10 See for example, IRIN News, _Purgatory on the Riviera,_ 4 December 2017,\n\nhttps://goo.gl/6JyU3T; INTERSOS, _Unaccompanied and separated children along_\n_Italy\u2019s northern borders,_ February 2018, https://goo.gl/Kpv58s; MSF, _Harmful_\n_borders,_ February 2018, https://goo.gl/8qup93; https://goo.gl/kmPiUe.\n\n11 Reuters, _Migrants risk death crossing Alps to reach France,_ 12 January 2018,\nhttps://goo.gl/pT4Xwi; News Deeply, _Dodging death along the Alpine migrant_\n_passage,_ 25 January 2018, https://goo.gl/PE8rch.\n\n12 European Court of Human Rights, _Press release: The immediate return to Morocco_\n_of sub-Saharan migrants who were attempting to enter Spanish territory in_\n_Melilla amounted to a collective expulsion of foreign nationals, in breach of the_\n_Convention,_ 3 October 2017, https://goo.gl/tjWkxe.\n\n\n\nFebruary 2018, this number was further reduced to\nan average of two persons per day and thus granting\nentry to only around 10 persons per week. [13] At the end\nof March 2017, automatic detention was introduced\nfor asylum-seekers in Hungary for the duration of\ntheir application procedures. Prior to this, UNHCR\nnoted that the law under which these measures were\nintroduced \u201cviolates Hungary\u2019s obligations under\ninternational and EU laws, and will have a terrible\nphysical and psychological impact on women, children\nand men who have already greatly suffered.\u201d [14]\n\n\n_When I was standing at the border fence today, I felt the_\n## **\u201c**\n_entire system is designed to keep people, many of whom_\n_are fleeing war and persecution, out of the country and_\n_preventing many from making a legitimate asylum claim.\u201d_\n\n\nFilippo Grandi, High Commissioner for Refugees,\n[12 September 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/9/59b809d24/unhcr-chief-visits-hungary-calls-greater-access-asylum-end-detention-solidarity.html)\n\n\nBorder management policies are not incompatible with\nprotection-sensitive practices and can be consistent\nwith States\u2019 responsibilities under national, EU and\ninternational law to protect asylum-seekers and\nrefugees. During 2017, UNHCR continued to receive\nnumerous reports of alleged push-backs including\nof asylum-seekers involving authorities of Albania,\nBulgaria, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia, Greece, Hungary, Montenegro, Romania,\nSlovenia, and Spain. For example, in Serbia, UNHCR\nand partners received testimonies indicating that\nthousands of people were pushed back mainly from\nHungary, Croatia, and Romania. Many people reported\nbeing pushed back more than once. Amongst those\npushed back to Serbia were some who reported\nthat they entered the EU by air or other land routes\nwithout ever having transited through Serbia.\n\n\n13 UNHCR, _Hungary: UNHCR dismayed over further border restrictions and draft law_\n_targeting NGOs working with asylum-seekers and refugees,_ 16 February 2018,\nhttps://goo.gl/95qhmA.\n\n14 UNHCR, _UNHCR deeply concerned by Hungary plans to detain all asylum seekers,_\n7 March 2017, https://goo.gl/hWZLdd; UNHCR, _On visit to Hungary, UNHCR Chief_\n_calls for end to detention and greater solidarity with refugees,_ 12 September 2017,\nhttps://goo.gl/Yr8rJV.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### RISKS TO REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS TRAVELING TO AND THROUGH EUROPE\n\nJourneys to and through Europe for refugees and migrants remained fraught with danger in 2017. Close to\n3,200 people are believed to have lost their lives at sea\nlast year while traveling to Europe, most while trying\nto cross to Italy despite the efforts of rescuers working\noff the coast of Libya. According to data from the Italian Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre, NGOs were\nable to rescue 46,600 (or 41%) of the 114,300 persons\nrescued at sea, the largest contribution to search and\nrescue in the central Mediterranean. Collectively, the\nItalian Coast Guard, Italian Navy and other Italian\nauthorities rescued 29,200 persons (26%), vessels deployed to Frontex\u2019s Operation Triton (including Italian\nvessels) rescued 15,000 (13%), commercial vessels\n11,400 (10%), and EUNAVFOR Med vessels 10,700\n(9%). [15] In addition, the Libyan Coast Guard reported\nrescuing or intercepting just under 15,400 persons in\n2017. [16]\n\n\n_Search and rescue is a humanitarian imperative_\n## **\u201c**\n_and must remain a top priority. If human beings_\n_are in distress at sea, the question is not about_\n_their status, but rather saving lives.\u201d_\n\n\nVolker T\u00fcrk, UNHCR Assistant High Commissioner for Protection,\n[06 July 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/admin/dipstatements/596628f07/statement-inter-ministerial-conference-rome-shared-responsibility-common.html)\n\n\nFurther, at least 75 refugees and migrants, including\nsix children, died along land routes at Europe\u2019s external\nborders or while traveling on through Europe. Most\ndeaths occurred as refugees and migrants moved\nonwards from Greece or Bulgaria via the Western\nBalkans, tried to cross from Turkey to Greece or\nBulgaria by land, or tried to move on irregularly from\nItaly. Most deaths were the result of people hit by\ntrains while walking along railway tracks, electrocuted\nwhile hiding on trains, or hit by vehicles while walking\nalong roads, while a further 13% drowned and 12%\ndied as a result of exposure and winter weather\nconditions. In addition to those who died, others were\nseriously injured, including some who lost limbs. Many\nmore are thought to have died in Libya as well as along\n\n\n15 Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre Rome, _Attivita\u2019 SAR Nel Mediterraneo_\n_Centrale_, March 2018, http://goo.gl/2xbtww.\n\n16 UNHCR, _Libya: Activities at disembarkation, monthly update_, December 2017,\n\nhttps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/61535\n\n\n\nroutes to Libya, including while crossing through the\ndesert from Niger or Sudan.\n\n\nIn 2017, many refugees and migrants reported\nsuffering abuses at the hands of traffickers, smugglers\nor armed groups along various routes to Europe.\nOf those travelling to Europe via Libya, many had\nbeen detained for several months, often in inhumane\nconditions, tortured to extract a ransom, experienced\nsexual violence, sometimes repeatedly, or been a victim\nof forced labour. Amongst those traveling from Turkey\nand through the Balkans, there were several reports\nof groups being held against their will and mistreated\nby smugglers seeking additional fees above what was\npreviously agreed.\n\n\nWomen and girls, as well as some men and boys, faced\nparticular risks of sexual and gender-based violence\n(SGBV) along routes to Europe as well as in some\nlocations within Europe. Along routes to Greece,\nthe risk of SGBV during the journey was relatively\nhigh, especially for women travelling on their own\nand unaccompanied children. While SGBV is in\ngeneral highly under-reported, more than 300 SGBV\nincidents that occurred during the journey from their\ncountry of origin were reported to UNHCR Greece\nin 2017, including a high rate of rape, sexual assault\nand trafficking. [17] UNHCR has also called for further\nmeasures to be taken to prevent SGBV on the Greek\nislands. [18] Along routes to Italy, the majority of women\nand girls are believed to face serious risks of SGBV [19]\nand many persons disembarking in Italy have reported\nincidents at different points along the routes, including\nincidents in which men and boys have also been victims.\n\n\n_We need to provide meaningful and viable_\n## **\u201c**\n_alternatives to these movements or the deaths_\n_and the suffering will continue to mount.\u201d_\n\n\nVincent Cochetel, UNHCR\u2019s Special Envoy to the Central\nMediterranean Situation, [18 July 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/7/596db7284/unhcr-seeks-support-alternatives-dangerous-refugee-journeys.html)\n\n\nIn addition, many refugees and migrants at different\npoints across Europe told UNHCR and partners about\nmistreatment at the hands of some border police\n\n\n17 This is based only on reported cases and does not represent the total incidence or\nprevalence of sexual and gender-based violence along routes to Greece.\n\n18 UNHCR, _Refugee women and children face heightened risk of sexual violence amid_\n_tensions and overcrowding at reception facilities on Greek islands,_ 9 February 2018,\nhttps://goo.gl/g47tq8.\n\n19 UNHCR, IMPACT and Altai Consulting, _Mixed migration trends in Libya: Changing_\n_dynamics and protection challenges,_ July 2017, https://goo.gl/A2SfW6.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "officials or other security personnel during measures\nto prevent or deter entries. In winter in early 2017,\nUNHCR received many accounts of border authorities\ntaking warm clothing from refugees and migrants,\nsometimes pouring water on them, or making them\nstand barefoot in the snow. [20] Others recounted\nviolence included beatings with batons, sometimes by\nmasked police, or having dogs set on them.\n\n#### CHILDREN ON THE MOVE\n\n\nIn 2017, over 30,000 refugee and migrant children\narrived in Europe via the three Mediterranean routes.\nOf those, over 17,000 were unaccompanied, mostly\nfrom Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, The Gambia and Eritrea. [21]\nHigh numbers of unaccompanied children from Mali,\nSomalia and Syria were also amongst sea arrivals to\nItaly and 13% of all sea arrivals to Italy in 2017 were\nunaccompanied children. As children traveled to\nand through Europe, many experienced the dangers\noutlined above. For example, IOM surveys of over\n4,700 refugees and migrants in Italy, including 725\nchildren, most of whom had traveled from North\nAfrica, between February and August 2017 showed\nthat 77% of children reported being held against their\nwill by groups other than government authorities,\nmostly due to kidnap for ransom or detention by\narmed groups and mostly in Libya (91%); and 88% of\nchildren between 14 and 17 reported experiencing\nphysical violence, primarily in Libya (82%). [22]\n\n\nA report released by UNICEF and REACH in June\nnoted multiple difficulties faced by children following\narrival in Europe, including lengthy waiting periods\nfor asylum applications to be determined, slow family\nreunification processes and limited access to the EU\nrelocation mechanism. In addition, those outside of\nreception facilities were exposed to specific risks,\nincluding cases of sexual exploitation, as well as\nlimited access to alternative care in Greece. [23] In Italy,\ndespite welcome new legal provisions introduced in\n\n\n20 UNHCR, _Refugees and migrants face high risks in winter weather in Europe,_ 13\nJanuary 2017, https://goo.gl/3DZcZt.\n\n21 UNHCR, _Refugee and migrant arrivals to Europe in 2017,_ February 2018, https://\ngoo.gl/1v5umt; UNHCR, _Italy: Unaccompanied and separated children (UASC)_\n_dashboard,_ December 2017, https://goo.gl/VMycgn.\n\n22 IOM, _Flow monitoring surveys: The human trafficking and other exploitative_\n_practices indication survey,_ November 2017, https://goo.gl/gm6og9.\n\n23 UNICEF and REACH, _Children on the move in Italy and Greece,_ June 2017,\n\nhttps://goo.gl/XnJ7hV.\n\n\n\n2017, [24] implementation still remains limited, including\nregarding timely transfers and age assessments, and\nguardianship, and the Italian reception system for\nchildren remains under strain and disharmonised.\nAs a result, many children ended up being hosted\neither with adults or at emergency facilities. In\naddition, the Dublin family reunion scheme and the\nEU relocation mechanism are not meeting the needs\nof unaccompanied and separated children and their\nactual implementation remains limited and lengthy.\n\n\n_Many of these children have experienced terrible_\n## **\u201c**\n_violence, sexual abuse, trafficking and emotional and_\n_psychological pressure not only during their journey_\n_but in Europe itself. They deserve better protection_\n_and care from Europe. All actions and decisions must_\n_have the child\u2019s best interests at heart. We can all_\n_make this happen and the Roadmap shows us how,\u201d_\n\n\nDiane Goodman, Deputy Director of UNHCR\u2019s Europe Bureau,\n[10 July 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/7/59634ac74/europe-new-roadmap-improve-situation-unaccompanied-separated-refugee-migrant.html)\n\n\nIn April, the European Commission announced\nnew policy guidance [25] to enhance the protection of\nrefugee and migrant children, including a focus on\nprotecting children along migratory routes, improving\nidentification and protection once in Europe, providing\nadequate reception conditions, and ensuring access to\nstatus determination procedures, a measure UNHCR\nwelcomed jointly with UNICEF. [26] In July, UNHCR,\nUNICEF and the International Rescue Committee\nissued a \u2018Roadmap\u2019 for action to improve conditions\nfor unaccompanied and separated children with\nrecommendations on better identification measures,\nharmonized age assessments, improved guardianship\nprocedures, improved best interest determination, and\nsafe accommodation. [27] Pilot projects to implement the\nRoadmap are being carried out in some countries in\nEurope.\n\n\n24 See Law 47/2017.\n\n25 European Commission, _Communication from the Commission to the European_\n_Parliament and the Council: The protection of children in migration,_ 12 April 2017,\nhttps://goo.gl/eUaTR7.\n\n26 UNHCR and UNICEF, _UNICEF and UNHCR welcome EU policy to protect migrant and_\n_refugee children,_ 12 April 2017, https://goo.gl/Sshjye.\n\n27 UNHCR, _Europe: new Roadmap to improve the situation of unaccompanied and_\n_separated refugee and migrant children,_ 10 July 2017, https://goo.gl/Emj4ww.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### ACCESS TO SAFE AND LEGAL PATHWAYS AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\nIn 2017, some progress was noted in terms of\nproviding more persons in need of international\nprotection with access to safe and legal pathways to\nEurope. Last year, over 26,400 refugees were resettled\nto Europe, [28] an increase of 54% from 2016. Most\nwere resettled from Turkey (38%), Lebanon (37%) and\nJordan (8%) and the largest groups were Syrians (84%),\nCongolese (DRC \u2013 4%) and Eritreans (2%). The United\nKingdom, Sweden and Germany were the countries in\nEurope that received the largest number of resettled\nrefugees.\n\n\nIn a parallel development, in November, UNHCR\nevacuated the first group of vulnerable refugees from\ndetention centres in Libya to Niger. [29] As of the end of\nMarch, 1,342 vulnerable refugees had been evacuated\nto Italy, [30] or else to Niger for possible resettlement. [31] In\nresponse to UNHCR\u2019s appeal for 40,000 resettlement\nplaces from countries along the Central Mediterranean\nroute, [32] as of the end of March 2018, European States\nhave pledged 7,190 places, along with a further 450\nplaces for resettlement directly out of Libya.\n\n\n_UNHCR continues to call for greater access to_\n## **\u201c**\n_safe and legal pathways, such as resettlement_\n_and family reunification, to Europe. It is also_\n_key to ensure that people can have access_\n_to asylum in European countries.\u201d_\n\n\nPascale Moreau, Director of UNHCR\u2019s Europe Bureau,\n[23 November 2017](http://www.unhcr.org/neu/15495-new-unhcr-report-details-changes-refugee-migrant-risky-journeys-europe.html)\n\n\n28 These figures refer to those who departed for resettlement in 2017. In many cases,\nthe resettlement process is lengthy and can take a year or more from the time a\nperson is put forward for resettlement to a resettlement country until the time\nwhen they actually depart. As such, many of those resettled in 2017 have likely\nbeen awaiting resettlement since 2015 or 2016.\n\n29 UNHCR, _News Comment by Vincent Cochetel, UNHCR\u2019s Special Envoy for the Central_\n_Mediterranean Situation, on the first evacuation of refugees from Libya to Niger,_ 11\nNovember 2017, https://goo.gl/YHfuE.\n\n30 UNHCR, _UNHCR: First evacuation of 162 vulnerable refugees from Libya to Italy,_ 22\nDecember 2017, https://goo.gl/PL1XVK; UNHCR, _Over 1,000 refugees evacuated out_\n_of Libya by UNHCR,_ 15 February 2018, https://goo.gl/CDTnGN.\n\n31 UNHCR, _UNHCR seeking 1,300 urgent resettlement places for vulnerable refugees_\n_in Libya,_ 11 December 2017, https://goo.gl/G98iPr. Ten persons have also been\nevacuated to the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania.\n\n32 UNHCR, _Central Mediterranean situation: UNHCR calls for an additional 40,000_\n_resettlement places_, 11 September 2017, http://goo.gl/gZumpD.\n\n\n\nWhile family reunification remains a critical avenue\nfor safe and legal admission to Europe, many of\nthose eligible face significant barriers in the process.\nFor instance, in 2017, five EU Member States [33] still\nhad mandatory waiting periods in place requiring\nbeneficiaries of subsidiary protection, including many\nSyrians, to wait two or three years before they could\nbegin the family reunification process or else had\ntemporarily suspended their right to apply for family\nreunification for a set period.\n\n\nOn a positive note, new \u2018humanitarian corridors\u2019\nfor admission established and funded by religious\norganizations and working in partnership with\nthe respective governments were announced in\nItaly, Belgium and France and enabled a number of\nrefugees to reach Europe safely from Lebanon and\nEthiopia. [34]\n\n\nIn addition, in France, 19 Syrian refugees arrived\nfrom Jordan to further their education as part of a\npioneering scholarship programme offered by the\ncouncil of the Occitanie/Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\nregion, [35] a good practice example for others to\nreplicate.\n\n\nOf those who had already entered Europe, support\nfor Greece and Italy in the form of relocations was a\nmixed experience with some countries meeting their\nquotas and others being referred by the European\nCommission to the Court of Justice for noncompliance. [36] As of 26 March, nearly 22,000 asylumseekers had been relocated from Greece (33% of the\noriginally foreseen total), along with over 12,300 from\nItaly (31% of the originally foreseen total). [37]\n\n\nIn addition, many were able to join their family\nmembers in another EU Member States, in accordance\nwith the Dublin III Regulation. For example, statistics\nprovided by the Greek Asylum Service note that over\n7,200 requests for transfers to other EU Member\nStates were accepted in 2017 with most requests\nbeing made to Germany, the United Kingdom and\n\n\n33 Austria, Denmark, Germany, Latvia, and Sweden.\n\n34 UNHCR, _Italian project offers path to hope for vulnerable refugees in Ethiopia,_ 8\nDecember 2017, https://goo.gl/gujQBo.\n\n35 UNHCR, _French scholarship scheme gives hope to Syrian refugees,_ 7 February\n2018, https://goo.gl/bhqtgh.\n\n36 European Commission, _Relocation: Commission refers the Czech Republic, Hungary_\n_and Poland to the Court of Justice,_ 7 December 2017, https://goo.gl/KVbdBC.\n\n37 European Commission, _Member States\u2019 Support to Emergency Relocation_\n_Mechanism,_ 26 March 2018, https://goo.gl/HfF8H.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Syrian children fleeing war alone find welcome in Spain\n\nUnaccompanied children relocated from Greece\nto Spain have now settled in Motril.\n\n\nAll the children interviewed said they had, in\ndifferent ways, come to like their new lives. \u201cAt\nfirst I didn\u2019t like anything, I didn\u2019t want to live\nhere,\u201d says Mahmud. \u201cI didn\u2019t like the house, I\ndidn\u2019t like anyone, but now everything is perfect.\u201d\n\n\nFor Tareq, a thoughtful, precisely spoken\nyoung man, relocation to Motril has \u201cchanged\neverything\u201d. \u201cHere in Spain, we have a daily\nroutine to follow. We have to go to school, we\nhave to sit down together to eat, to go to work.\u201d\n\n\nHe pauses, then for a moment, the child inside\nthe self-possessed young man shows through.\n\u201cIt\u2019s important because we are still children.\u201d\n\n\n[Read more here.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2017/6/594a40854/syrian-children-fleeing-war-alone-find-welcome-spain.html)\n\n\n18 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f839af8b-1a52-3b89-bd44-a11cf2a9cbb8/63039.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_156/raw/doc_156_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_156/raw/doc_156_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 940c707411327c3d60da116e3180a8042bc8c6e8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_156/raw/doc_156_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Access to Clean Energy** **for refugees**\n### Uganda Case Studies\n\n**BACKGROUND**\n\n\nThe Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country spanning 241,038\n\nkm2 in East Africa, bordered by Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan. Uganda is in the\nAfrican Great Lakes region and the Nile Basin, and it has a very\n\ndiverse geography with volcanic hills, mountains, glaciers, tropical\nlandscapes and deserts, and extensive natural resources such\nas fertile soils, water and minor deposits of minerals and oil. The\ncountry is inhabited by a population of over 44 million as of March\n2022, which is growing at an annual rate of 3.7%.\n\n\nUganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa, with currently over 1,4 million displaced people, with 98% being refugees\nand 2% asylum seekers. Most are from South Sudan (852,690), followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (456,211), Somalia\n(55,579), Burundi (48,871) and others (158,175). There are several\nrefugee settlements and camps, with the vast majority of those\nforcibly displaced living in settlements alongside local communities.\nNearly 50% of displaced populations are in the largest settlements\nof BidiBidi, Nakivale, Kyangwali and Rhino camp, in the southwest\nand northwest regions of the country.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7371727-754a-43a2-812a-ab1ab65f0637/632482484.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MAP: REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS IN UGANDA**\nas of 31 December 2021\n\n###### **Persons of Concern**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUganda has a progressive refugee policy, enshrined in the 2006\nRefugee Act and the 2010 Refugee Regulations, serving as a\nmodel for other countries in terms of innovative policies for refugee inclusion. For example, Uganda\u2019s legal framework grants internally displaced persons (IDPs) the right to work, start a business,\nown property, access government services including primary and\nsecondary education, and participate in health care. Uganda has\none of the lowest per capita electricity consumption rates in the\nworld with 215 kWh per capita per year. The average consumption\nin Sub-Saharan Africa is 552 kWh per capita and the world average is 2,975 kWh per capita. In Uganda, around 15% of the population has access to energy, of which 24% is consumed at household\nlevel. Only one-third of the population has access to electricity,\nwith urban areas much better connected (58%) than rural areas\n(18%). Only 1% of the population has access to clean cooking.\n\n\nNumerous energy access interventions were successfully implemented in displacement contexts, however further programmes\nare required to improve the current state, which is 97% of refugees\nusing firewood for cooking and having to walk 4-10 km to collect\nit. 50% of South Sudanese and 69% of Congolese and Burundian\nhouseholds lack access to clean renewable energy. About 30% of\nhealth centres do not have a source of electricity, while another\n30% use diesel generators.\n\n\n2%\n**Asylum Seekers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n98%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7371727-754a-43a2-812a-ab1ab65f0637/632482484.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Charcoal briquetting**\n\nBriquettes are locally produced by refugees\nas well as host community members and are\nused for cooking as an alternative to firewood\nand charcoal. The production of carbonized\nbriquettes is a long-existing approach to\nincrease the energy value of biomass and\nto make use of biomass residues or\ncharcoal powder.\n\n\n\nThe raw material is available locally and the setup cost is low. Community involvement allows for\n\n\n\ncustom made design to fit the local needs.\n\n\n#### **Local production** **of cookstoves**\n\n\n\nRefugee and host community members are trained\nto manufacture portable and non-portable improved\n\ncookstoves from local materials, as well as to\nmaintain and repair the devices. The clay-made\ncookstoves are twice as efficient as traditional open\nthree stone fires and increase safety during cooking.\n\n\n\n**Around**\n##### **70,000 tons**\n\n\n\n**Cookstove fuel efficiency of**\n##### **20\u201325%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**of briquettes are produced**\n\n\n\n**per year by groups in**\n\n\n\n**various settlements**\n\n\n\n**Firewood or charcoal**\n\n**fuel need** cut in half\n**to 0.85 kg/per person per day**\n\n\n\n**Raw materials are sawdust,**\n**wood, maize, cereals, roots,**\n**cane sugar, coffee residues,**\n\n**organic waste**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Price range of** USD 1.40 **\u00ad\u2013**\n\nUSD 4 **per cookstove**\n\n\n\n**A typical household uses**\n##### **1\u20132 kg**\n\n**of briquettes daily**\n\n\n\n**Price range from** USD 0.18\n\n\n\n**to** USD 0.55 **per kg**\n**(private sector production)**\n\n\n\n**(household production)**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7371727-754a-43a2-812a-ab1ab65f0637/632482484.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Solar lamp lifecycle** **and market**\n\nUNHCR distributed more than 300,000 solar\nlanterns to new arrivals from 2016 to 2021.\nTo broaden access to sustainable lighting, eight\n\nenergy kiosks were set-up in various settlement\nselling high-quality solar lanterns and other\nenergy products. The energy kiosks also\nserve as an innovative and integrated\nelectronic waste management point for the\nrepurposing, recycling and adequate disposal\nof solar products.\n\n\n#### **Solarization of** **health facilities**\n\n\n\nMini-Grids of typically 10 kVA or higher output allow\nhealth facilities in settlements and camps to operate\n\n\n\nhigh-capacity appliances and machines such as\nrefrigerators, medical equipment or ICT equipment,\nthereby significantly improving the quality of health\n\n\n\ncare. The health facility owns the mini-grid and\ncan sell excess electricity to community members,\n\n\n\nmaking the solution more affordable.\n\n\n\n**Solar mini-grids can** reduce costs\n##### **by 32%**\n\n**compared to diesel-based**\n**electricity supply in the long run**\n\n\n\n**Energy kiosks sell solar lamps**\n\n**at an average price of** USD 10\n\n\n\nNo operational costs **,**\n**phone charging possible**\n\n**with solar lamps**\n\n\n\n**Energy kiosk operated by**\n**10 to 15 refugee/host community**\n\n**members and serving**\n##### **3,500 households**\n\n\n\n**Solar mini-grid implementation**\n\n**should be accompanied**\n\n**by electronic**\n**waste management plan**\n\n\n\n\n\nHealth care significantly\nimproved **and made available to**\n\n\n\n**an estimated 60,000 refugees**\n\n\n\n**Cost for electricity from a solar**\n\n**mini-grid generally lower than**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**the national ceiling tariff of**\n\n\n\n\n\n**community members**\n\n\n\n**and more than 10,000 host**\n\n\n\n**0.3 USD/kWh**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7371727-754a-43a2-812a-ab1ab65f0637/632482484.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_157/raw/doc_157_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_157/raw/doc_157_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d95381ca8bbf87a8ccf81aca7431d2640f9d7ee7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_157/raw/doc_157_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Access to** **Clean Energy** **for Refugees**\n## Rwanda Case Studies\n\nProvision of clean and affordable energy is a catalyst for sustainable\n\ndevelopment in all countries of the world. Safety, improved health ser\nvices, access to education, and economic opportunities, among others.\n\n[UNHCR's Global Strategy for Sustainable Energy 2019-2025](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/projects/5db16a4a4/global-strategy-sustainable-energy-2019-2025.html ) aims\n\nto enable refugees, hosts communities and other persons of concern\n\nto meet their energy needs in a safe and sustainable manner, while\n\nalso addressing health, protection and environmental concerns rising\n\nfrom access to energy. In line with existing frameworks and definitions,\n\nUNHCR has adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of\n\nclean fuels, which defines fuels as clean based on their impact on health.\n\nFuels and technologies are considered clean only if they achieve WHO\n\ntargets for particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) emis\nsions. In addition, since using fuel efficient technologies is a necessary\n\nstep towards more sustainable and cleaner practices, UNHCR defines\n\nas transitional the use of biomass if used in combination with improved\n\ntechnologies.\n\n\nThis report presents a country case study of Rwanda and aims to docu\nment experiences of clean energy interventions in refugee communities\n\nimplemented by UNHCR and partners.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcbcbe72-328c-408a-aa19-4566c7b319d0/632482824.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MAP 1: REFUGEE CAMPS IN RWANDA**\n\nas of 31 December 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n**REFUGEE SITUATION POLICIES**\n\n\nThe National Asylum Law provides a protective environment for refu\ngees in line with international standards. Rwanda has adhered to major\n\ninternational conventions and human rights instruments, leading to\n\nrefugees being included in the national birth registration system, reduc\ning the risk of statelessness. In addition, the efforts taken to implement\n\nthe Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework led to some key\n\nachievements in relation to social and economic inclusion and integration\n\ninto the national system, especially in the areas of health and education.\n\nSince 2018, the government has taken significant steps to allow refugees\n\naccess to the national identity card, jobs and services, right to work, open\n\nbank accounts, and move within the region.\n\n\n**ENERGY REGULATION POLICIES**\n\n\nRwanda ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate\n\nChange in 1995, signed the Kyoto Protocol in 2004 and the Paris\n\nAgreement in 2016. To promote sustainability in all sectors and to achieve\n\nthe goals as set out in these agreements, the country formulated a\n\nNational Green Growth and Climate Change Strategy. A ban of firewood\n\nwas introduced by the Government of Rwanda and led to a stop of fire\nwood distribution in refugee camps in January 2019.\n\n\n**COUNTRY ENERGY OVERVIEW**\n\n\nIn 2018, the primary use of fuel for cooking in Rwanda was firewood,\n\nused by 81% of refugee households, with 17% of families using charcoal.\n\nThese figures are similar in the host community. Most refugee house\nholds in Kigeme, Nyabiheke and Gihembe report little or no access to\n\nenergy for lighting: 58% either have no lighting at night or use only basic\n\nsources such as candles and torches. Small minorities primarily rely on\n\neither solar lanterns (21%) or solar home systems (16%), and mobile\n\nphone torches are commonly used to move around the camps. In com\nparison, 24% of the host country population have access to the national\n\ngrid network and a further 5% have off-grid electricity access.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcbcbe72-328c-408a-aa19-4566c7b319d0/632482824.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Solar streetlights with** **community ownership**\n\n\n\nSolar streetlights improve mobility for residents\nafter dark, reduce crime and violence and provide business opportunities by extending the\nduration of lighting after dark. The solar streetlights automatically turn on and off by a light\nsensor, and they can remain lit for more than\none night, even when the sun is covered for an\nextended period. Financial mechanisms were\nundertaken to allow camp residents to take\nover the monitoring and maintenance.\n\n\n### **Improved cookstoves** **with pellets through a** **market-based approach**\n\n\n\nTwo local suppliers manufactured the cookstoves and pressed the pellets from biomass\nresidues in the country and sold them to camp\n\n\n\nresidents through a market-based approach.\n\nSales representatives and technical support\n\n\n\nstaff were recruited and trained within the\nrefugee community, enabling targeted and\n\n\n\nefficient delivery.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### **Cookstoves with** 32.7% efficiency\n\n\n\n\n#### **6,951**\n\n**households purchased**\n\n\n\n**through a mar-**\n**ket-based approach**\n\n\n###### **and one year**\n\n\n\n\n\n**improved cookstoves**\n\n\n###### **warranty**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **62%**\n\n**of refugees report**\n**they are able to do**\n**business or productive**\n\n\n\n**+**\n**seven years warranty**\n\n\n##### **10\u201320 year**\n\n\n\n26 kg **of monthly**\n**pellets consumption**\n\n\n\n**sales agents, techni-**\n**cians and construction**\n\n\n#### **75 refugees**\n\n**trained and hired as**\n\n\n##### **lifespan**\n\n\n#### **50%**\n\n**camp-wide access**\n**to cleaner cooking**\n**after the intervention**\n\n#### **91%**\n\n**of beneficiaries report**\n\n**being satisfied with**\n**the service provision**\n\n\n\n**per household for**\n\n\n\n**workers in the camp**\n\n\n\n**seven years warranty**\n\n\n**Single light cost**\n#### **99%**\n\n\n\n**Pellets made from**\n\n**sawdust and**\n**forest residues**\n\n\n\n$8.39\n\n\n###### of $30 /\n\n\n#### **99%**\n\n**of solar street lights**\n**functioning one year**\n\n\n\n**of \u20ac1.595**\n\n\n\n**Single light cost**\n\n\n###### $12\u201313 **with subsidy**\n\n\n###### **Stove cost**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**after installation**\n\n\n\n**of \u20ac1.159**\n**and double light cost**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcbcbe72-328c-408a-aa19-4566c7b319d0/632482824.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Distribution of** **LPG cooking fuel**\n\n\n\nmonitoring and maintenance.\n\n\n\nLiquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used as clean cook\n\n\ning fuel in Rwanda\u2019s largest refugee settlements,\n\n\n\nMahama and Mugombwa, bridging the gap until\nrenewable cooking solutions are introduced. The\n\n\n\nprovision of gas cylinders and cookers as in-kind\ncontributions has broken down the barrier of the ini\ntial high investment costs. LPG cylinders are refilled\n\n\n\n\n### **Solar Home Systems** **through a market-** **based approach**\n\nSolar Home Systems (SHS) were purchased\nby remote and off-grid refugee households for\nlighting and basic connectivity, as well\nas powering electronic devices such as radios\nand small TVs. The purchase model included\na monthly payment instalment for three years\nafter which the household owns the SHS,\nand continued monthly payments in the\nsame amount for up to seven years to ensure\nmaintenance and repair by the supplier.\n\n\n\nand maintained by a private company in collaboration with camp residents. Reports indicate environmental benefits compared to the use of firewood and\nhigher user acceptance due to convenience over the\n\n\n\n\n#### **4,279**\n\n**households (58% of the**\n\n\n\n\n\n**targeted populations)**\n**purchased SHS through a**\n\n\n\n**market-based approach**\n\n\n\n**LPG cookstove with**\n\n\n\n\n\n**quick initiation and**\n**heat up times leading**\n\n\n\n\n\n**to acceptance**\n\n\n\n\n#### **100%**\n\n**coverage in**\n**Mahama and**\n**Mugombwa camps**\n**(** 18,500 households **)**\n\n\n#### **87%**\n\n**report they are able**\n\n**to study after dark**\n\n\n\n**and hired as sales**\n**agents and technicians**\n\n\n#### **70 refugees**\n\n**trained by suppliers**\n\n\n\n**in the camp**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**fillings/year**\ndonated by UNHCR\n\n\n\n**two burners**\n\n\n\n\n\n**SHS cost (50W) of**\n**5.05 $/month and**\n**3.05 $/month with sub-**\n\n\n#### **75%**\n\n**of households**\n**were satisfied with**\n\n**SHS services**\n\n\n#### **>200,000**\n\n\n\n**LPG cylinder**\n\n\n\n**Stove costs of**\n**$18-20 with one burner**\n\n\n\n**and $27-45 with**\n\n\n\n**sidy | SHS cost (20W)**\n\n\n#### **95%**\n\n**are satisfied with the**\n\n**quality of lighting**\n\n\n\n**of 2.74 $/month**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcbcbe72-328c-408a-aa19-4566c7b319d0/632482824.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_158/raw/doc_158_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_158/raw/doc_158_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1216f009ce463189fae6543ec401610e7cc78943..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_158/raw/doc_158_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,289 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe\n\n### Overview of Trends 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals to Europe in 2017 [1]\n\n\n\nIn 2017, **32,963** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom **19,858** (60%) were unaccompanied or separated\nchildren (UASC) [2] . Arrivals of children overall in 2017 decreased by 67% compared to 2016 (100,264). Nevertheless, the proportion of\nchildren arriving unaccompanied or separated has increased from 34% in 2016 to 60% in 2017.\n#### Greece Italy Bulgaria Spain\n\n\n#### Italy\n\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\n\n#### Spain\n\n\n\nIn 2017, **11,032** [3] children arrived\nto Greece by sea, including **1,458**\n(13%) UASC. [4] While this is an\n83% decrease compared to 2016\n(63,920), 72% (8,014) of children\narriving in 2017 were registered\nduring the second half of 2017.\nBetween July and December 2017,\nthe number of UASC identified\n(1,049) was more than double the\nfirst half of the year (409).\n\n\nThe majority of children arriving\nto Greece by sea were from\nthe Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq,\nAfghanistan or Stateless [4] . Most\ncommon nationalities of UASC\nwere the Syrian Arab Republic,\nAfghanistan and Pakistan.\n\n\n\nAmong the **17,337** children who\narrived to Italy in 2017, **15,779**\n(91%) were unaccompanied\nor separated. This is a 33%\ndecrease compared to 2016\n(25,846). This decrease is mainly\ndue to the overall drop in the\nnumber of people crossing the\nCentral Mediterranean since July\n2017. Most children originated\nfrom Guinea, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, The\nGambia, Bangladesh and Nigeria.\n\n\n\nIn 2017, **714** children were\nintercepted at border crossing\npoints and within the territory of\nthe country, an 89% decrease\ncompared to 2016 (6,447).\nAmong those, 27% were\nunaccompanied or separated\nchildren (195) which presents a\n93% decrease compared to 2016\n(2,768). Most children were from\nIraq, Syrian Arab Republic and\nAfghanistan.\n\n\n\nBetween January and\nDecember [1] 2017, **3,880** children\narrived to Spain by sea and\nland. Based on a response to a\nparliamentary question, at least\n63% of all child arrivals ( **2,426** )\nwere UASC. Most children came\nfrom Morocco, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, Algeria, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire\nand Guinea. Child arrivals in the\nsecond half of 2017 were 44%\nhigher than in the first\nsix months.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n\nDemographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n#### Greece Italy\n\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Spain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**87%**\n\n\n\n**73%**\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n\n**37%**\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\nUASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNationality of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic of Arrivals", - "confidence": 0.7713825106620789, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.750855028629303, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.896740734577179, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6674613952636719, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n\nGender Breakdown of All Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys compared to girls among arrivals\nremains higher (on average 4 boys for every 1 girl).\n\n\nBOYS GIRLS\n\n\nGreece **58%** **42%**\n\n\nItaly **93%** **7%**\n\n\nSpain **82%** **18%**\n\n\nBulgaria **67%** **33%**\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees,_\n\n_Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, Spanish Ministry of Interior_\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Accompanied and UASC by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAmong the **10,093** accompanied children who arrived to Greece\nand Bulgaria, 31% were 0 to 4 years old, 34% were 5 to 14 years\nold and 35% were 15 to 17 years old. An age breakdown for\naccompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n**31%**\n**33%** **36%**\n\n\n\nBulgaria **33%** **47%** **20%**\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees_\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived to Italy, Greece and Bulgaria\nbetween January and December 2017 were boys between 15 and\n17 years old (93% overall).\n\n\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\nGreece **1%** **16%** **83%**\n\n\nItaly **1%** **6%** **93%**\n\n\nBulgaria **3%** **20%** **77%**\n\n\n#### Reception on Arrival in 2017*\n\nGreece\n\n- An estimated 21,000 children were present in Greece as\nof 31 December 2017. Of them, 53% are in urban areas\n(apartments, hotels, shelters for UASC, etc.); 29% are in\naccommodation sites and 1% are in safe zones for UASC.\nA further 12% are in Reception and Identification Centres.\n\n\n- In total, 438 unaccompanied children were in Reception\nand Identification Centres (a two-fold increase since\nSeptember 2017) and 54 were in protective custody/\ndetention (down from 106 in September 2017).\n\n\n- 1,101 UASC were in shelters for UASC, with an additional\n2,290 on the waiting list for shelter. Due to increased\narrivals and limited places, the number of children on\nthe waiting list for shelters increased by 88% during the\nsecond half of 2017.\n\n\nItaly**\n\n- 18,303 UASC (93% boys and 7% girls) were present in\nshelters for UASC, run by State authorities and nonprofit\nentities at the end of 2017. This is only 500 more than\nin June, although during the same period of time 6,217\nUASC arrived in Italy. 93% of all UASC in the shelters in\nDecember were between 15 and 17 years old.\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n- 348 children, including UASC, were accommodated\nin reception centres in Sofia and Southern Bulgaria in\nDecember 2017. This represents a two-fold decrease\ncompared to June 2017 and a five-fold decrease\ncompared to March 2017.\n\n\n- All persons intercepted, including children and UASC,\ncontinued to be routinely detained until they claim asylum.\nOverall, in 2017, children spent an average 10 days in\ndetention before being transferred to a reception centre.\nIn January, May, July and November children spent over\n20 days in detention on average.\n\n\nSerbia\n\n- A total of 1,444 children were present in the country in\nDecember 2017, a 44% decrease compared to June 2017\nand 51% decrease compared to March 2017.\n\n\n- Children comprise 34% of the total number of refugees\nand migrants in the country, 94% of whom are\naccommodated in state reception and accommodation\ncentres, including 279 UASC.\n\n\nThe reception systems still vary greatly in quality across and\nwithin countries, sometimes even posing protection risks.\nThe large number of children who are not in shelters have\neither moved onwards or found themselves destitute on the\nstreets or in informal accommodation.\n\n\n_* Figures reflect the situation as of end of December 2017_\n_Sources: EKKA-Greece, UNHCR, UNICEF, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy,_\n_Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee_\n\n\n_** For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 18,303 UASC_\n_accommodated in the government shelters according to the Ministry of Labour_\n_and not the total number of UASC who arrived in between January and_\n_December 2017._\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\nIn 2017, European countries recorded **209,756** asylum claims by\nchildren, including **50,325** newly registered asylum claims during\nthe last quarter of 2017. This represents a 47% drop from 2016,\nwhen 396,740 children claimed asylum in Europe.\n\n\nChildren make up more than 30% of all asylum seekers across\nEurope. Half of all child asylum seekers came from just three\ncountries: Syrian Arab Republic (27%), Iraq (10%) and Afghanistan\n(10%). A total of 42% of all child asylum seekers are girls.\n\n\nGermany is still the top destination for refugee and migrant\nchildren, registering close to half of all child asylum applications in\n2017 ( **89,205** children of whom 9,084 UASC). France, Greece and\nItaly also recorded large numbers of child asylum seekers (20,970,\n19,790 and 16,309 respectively). Greece also had the highest\nnumber of first-time applicants relative to the population.\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children between January\nand December 2017 \u2013 by Country of Asylum\n\n\nCHILDREN UASC\n\n\n\n\n\nIn 2017, a total of **303,360** decisions on asylum claims by children\nwere issued. Of them, **63%** were positive and **37%** rejected.\nThis represents a slight decrease of the proportion of positive\ndecisions compared to 2016, when **69%** of children saw they\nasylum claims accepted. Among children with positive decisions,\n**52%** received refugee status (down from 53% in 2016), **37%** were\ngranted subsidiary protection and **11%** received humanitarian\nstatus (up from 9% in 2016).\n\n\nThroughout the year there was a clear trend of countries granting\nsubsidiary protection, and especially humanitarian protection,\nrather than refugee status. This was visible across nationalities,\nincluding Iraqi, Syrian, Afghan and Stateless children, for whom\nrefugee status decisions dropped by 30%, 17%, 9% and 6%\nrespectively just between the third and last quarter of 2017.\n\n\nMany children saw their asylum claims rejected, particularly\nPakistanis (75%) but also Bangladeshis (48%), Cote d\u2019Ivoirian\n(42%), Iraqis (34%), Afghans (33%) and Guineans (28%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications\n\n\n\nMain nationalities of arrivals\nin Greece\n\n\n\nMain nationalities of arrivals\nin Italy\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**9,782**\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1%\n\n6%\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\n\n_* The difference in numbers of arrivals and asylum applications can be explained by the_\n_long waiting times before people can claim asylum, backlogs in national asylum systems,_\n_as well as the fact that applications can be submitted by persons who have arrived_\n_previously or did not necessarily come through the Mediterranean Routes._\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\nREJECTED DECISIONS SUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS HUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nBetween October 2015 and December 2017, a total of **33,154**\nrefugees and migrants benefited from the EU relocation scheme.\nThis number includes **11,237** children, out of whom **465** UASC\n(368 from Greece and 97 from Italy).\n\n\nMore than half of children relocated from Greece were transferred\nto Germany (24%), France (20%) and the Netherlands (8%).\nAnother quarter was relocated to Sweden (7%), Finland (7%),\nSpain (6%) and Portugal (5%).\n\n\nOne third of all relocated children from Italy departed to Germany\n(33%). Eighteen percent of children were transferred to the\nNetherlands, 11% to Sweden and 10% to Switzerland.\n\n\nIn 2017, a total of 300 UASC children benefited from the relocation\nscheme, 203 from Greece and 96 from Italy. This is a 80%\nincrease compared to 165 relocated by the end of 2016. During\nthe full duration of the scheme since October 2015, almost 70%\nof all relocated children were transferred in 2017.\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBy the end of December 2017, a total of **21,710** [5] people were\nrelocated from Greece to other EU Member States (14,430\nbetween January and December 2017). 45% of all beneficiaries\nwere children - **9,583** in total, including **368** UASC. The majority,\n**6,476** children were relocated in 2017 only, a two-fold increase\ncompared to the **3,104** children who benefited between October\n2015 and December 2016. In terms of relocations of UASC, 204\nwere transferred in 2017. This is a 25% increase compared to 164\nwho benefited from the relocation scheme in previous years.\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**12,127**\n\n\nCHILDREN\n\n**9,583**\n\nUASC\n\n**368**\n\n\n\nOnly a few Member States of Relocation have made places\navailable for unaccompanied children and many more places are\nneeded. As of 31 December 2017, only 368 unaccompanied or\nseparated children were relocated from Greece to Belgium (20),\nCroatia (2), Finland (109), France (5), Germany (24), Ireland (26),\nLithuania (1), Luxembourg (27), Malta (1), the Netherlands (69),\nNorway (23), Portugal (9), Romania (1), Spain (36) and Switzerland\n(15). In addition, 97 unaccompanied or seperated children were\nrelocated from Italy to Austria (2), Belgium (12), France (1),\nGermany (4), the Netherlands (70), Norway (3) and Switzerland (5).\n\n#### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\n\nOf the total returnees (1,484) from Greece to Turkey under the\nEU-Turkey statement since the start of 2016 until the end of\nDecember 2017, **79** (5%) were children. All of them were returned\nwith their families.\n#### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC [6]\n\n\nBetween January and December 2017, IOM provided AVRR\nsupport to more than 72,000 migrants (36% less than the same\nperiod in 2016). 25% of migrants availing AVRR support were\nchildren, including 4% UASC. 71% of the AVRR beneficiaries\nreturned from the European Economic Area and Switzerland.\nAmong these, 58% returned from Germany. **27%** of beneficiaries\nreturning from the European Economic Area and Switzerland were\nchildren, among whom **2.5%** were UASC.\n#### Children Resettled to Europe\n\n\nOf the total number of refugees submitted for resettlement\n(38,881) to Europe in 2017, **53%** were children (29% boys and\n24% girls). During the year, 26,468 resettled refugees departed to\nEuropean countries. [7]\n\n\n_Source: Europe Resettlement 2016, UNHCR_\n_Sources: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian State Agency_\n_for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR and UNICEF_\n\n\n5\n\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nSince the beginning of the relocation scheme in October 2015,\na total of **11,444** refugees and migrants were relocated from Italy\nto different EU Member States. **11%** of all beneficiaries were\nchildren (1,286), out of whom **97** are UASC. Almost all UASC\nwere relocated in 2017 - 96, while only one was transferred in\n2016. Moreover, **85%** of all child beneficiaries were transferred in\n2017 (1,079 vs. 192 in 2016 and 13 in 2015).\n\n\nTARGET\n\n**39,600**\n\n\nADULTS\n\n**10,158**\n\n\n\n\n\nCHILDREN\n\n**1,286**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017\n\n\n#### Children\u2019s vulnerability to human trafficking and exploitation\n\nTravelling alone, long duration of travel, no or low level of\neducation, high cost of the journey (above USD 5,000) and no\nclose family in country of destination are some of the predictors\nof the higher positive responses of refugee and migrant children's\nvulnerability to human trafficking and exploitation indicators on\nthe migration routes to Europe, a recent IOM study has shown.\n\n\n**Travelling alone -** 86% of children who travelled alone reported\nexperiencing events described in at least one of the listed human\ntrafficking and exploitative practices indicators, compared to 63%\nof adults; 75% of those interviewed in Italy and 27% of those\nwho arrived via Eastern Mediterranean Route. More boys (66%)\nthan girls (50%) travelling without their families on both routes\nreported experiencing some form of exploitation.\n\n\n**Long duration of travel -** children who reported travelling for\nmore than 6 months were more likely to report experiencing some\nform of exploitation. Children on the Central Mediterranean Route\n\n#### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely\ndisaggregated by nationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or\ncurrently residing in, different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by\nUASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not\nnecessarily provide an accurate picture of the caseload due\nto backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular\nmovements or not applying for asylum at all. In addition, due\nto different definitions and national procedures and practices,\ncollecting accurate data on separated children specifically is\nvery challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as\neither accompanied or unaccompanied). It should also be\nnoted that complete data for the period January to December\n2017 on children and UASC asylum applications for all EU\nmember states was not available on the Eurostat website at\nthe time when this factsheet was released.\n\n\n_Sources: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian_\n_State Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR and UNICEF_\n\n\n\nrecorded longer journeys from the departure country (more than\n5 months) than those who travelled on the Eastern Mediterranean\nRoute (in average 3 months in more than 70% of cases).\n\n\n**No or low level of education -** children with the secondary\nlevel of education are less likely (61% of positive responses) to\nbe vulnerable than those with primary (68%) or no formal\neducation (78%).\n\n\n**Cost of the journey -** children on the Eastern Mediterranean\nRoute reported paying more than USD 5,000 in 44% of cases\ncompared to 16% on the Central Mediterranean Route. However,\nchildren who arrived in Italy are more frequently unable to\ncalculate the total amount paid.\n\n\n**Family at the intended destination country -** having a family\nmember in the intended country of destination appears to be a\nprotective factor for refugee and migrant children as they are less\nlikely to report exploitation than those without relatives in the\nintended country of destination.\n\n\n_(Source: IOM study on Migrant Vulnerabilities to Human Trafficking and Exploitation http://migration.iom.int/docs/_\n_migrant_vulnerability_to_human_trafficking_and_exploitation_November_2017.pdf)_\n\n\n**Endnotes:**\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and\n\nreflects only sea arrivals for Greece and Italy. Data for Spain include both sea\nand land arrivals and official disaggregated data is only available up until October\n2017; data on the number of children and UASC arriving in November and\nDecember are estimates by UNHCR based on unofficial sources. Figures for\nUASC are only available for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or Melilla). Nationality\nbreakdown of UASC arriving in Spain is not available.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their\n\nprevious legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from\nother relatives. These may, therefore, include children accompanied by other\nadult family members. Unaccompanied children are children who have been\nseparated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by\nan adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. (IASC)\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border\n\nactivities and are provided by Hellenic Coastguard and Hellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 10,538 referrals were made to the\n\nGreek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified\non islands and mainland Greece, including near the land border with Turkey\nin 2017.\n\n5. This number reflects all relocations since the launch of the EU relocation\n\nscheme in late 2015.\n\n6. The data provided here is provisional and should therefore be considered as\n\nan estimation.\n\n7. Figures for submissions and departures only include those that\n\nUNHCR assisted.\n\n\n**About the factsheet**\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM with the\naim to support evidence-based decision-making and advocacy on issues\nrelated to refugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe with\nregards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and UASC). It\ncompiles key child-related data based on available official sources: arrival,\nasylum applications, asylum decisions, profiling of arrivals, relocation from\nGreece and Italy under the EU relocation scheme, as well as returns from\nGreece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December 2017 and is\nproduced on quarterly basis to provide up-to-date information on refugee\nand migrant children, including unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet please contact:\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Tsvetomira Bidart**\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\n**Jointly compiled and produced by:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "human\ntrafficking and exploitative practices indicators", - "confidence": 0.8074756860733032, - "start": 120, - "end": 126 - 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"start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.5250274538993835, - "start": 692, - "end": 695 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7686043381690979, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.5363298058509827, - "start": 717, - "end": 718 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7133798599243164, - "start": 734, - "end": 735 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.7503011226654053, - "start": 760, - "end": 761 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6672512888908386, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EU relocation\n\nscheme", - "confidence": 0.7306119203567505, - "start": 954, - "end": 957 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8425225615501404, - "start": 989, - "end": 990 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.825560986995697, - "start": 940, - "end": 941 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.5899567604064941, - "start": 1023, - "end": 1027 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.823302686214447, - "start": 1100, - "end": 1101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.646334171295166, - "start": 1107, - "end": 1108 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nand migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9665883779525757, - "start": 1119, - "end": 1123 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ec1f4eb-8c09-3fe3-ab92-41022b00a6e4/63435.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_159/raw/doc_159_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_159/raw/doc_159_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7b3a922db0e888b0e02327e804e532b83dc5329c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_159/raw/doc_159_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,600 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **_Shelter Sector Gender Analysis Report_** _July 2016_\n\n#### **_Prepared by:_** **_Shelter Sector Gender Focal Points_** _Esraa Majid (Regional Inclusion Supervisor\u2013 Handicap International, Jordan)_ _Email: Esraa_pt@hotmail.com_ _Rula Ammar (Shelter Team Leader \u2013 Norwegian Refugee Council, Jordan)_ Email: rula.ammar@nrc.no _Nidal Dalgamouni (Outreach Shelter Officer \u2013 Norwegian Refugee Council, Jordan)_ Email: nidal.dalgamounir@nrc.no **_With the Technical Support of:_** _Simon Peter Opolot_ Senior GenCap Adviser, UN and Partners, Jordan (Email address: opolots@unhcr.org)\n\n\n##### 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Table of Contents** Acknowledgements \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 3 Abbreviations\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4 Executive Summary \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 5 1. Introduction \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 6 2. Taxonomy of Shelter Sector Services\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 7 2.1 Sub-Sector: Camp Interventions\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 7 2.2 Sub-Sector: Urban Interventions\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 7 3. Purpose of the Gender Analysis\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 7 4. Objectives of the Gender Analysis\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 8 5. Methodology\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 8 5.1 Data Analysis\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 8 6. Findings\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 9 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 10 6.1 Refugee Population Demographics \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 11 6.2 Refugee Community Practices and Cultural patterns for Household and care arrangements \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 12 6.3 Shelter Concerns and Needs of Women, Girls, Boys and Men \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 12 7. Conclusions \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 18 8. Recommendations \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 19 9. Appendices \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 20 Appendix 1: Shelter Sector Partners\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 20 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Acknowledgements**\n\nThis report is the work of Shelter Sector Gender Focal Points and NRC. The team would like to thank\nshelter sector partners for availing the documents used in the literature review component of the gender\nanalysis and NRC to host the focus groups discussions (FGD). Lastly, this acknowledgement would be\nincomplete without special appreciation of Elias Jourdi (NRC) and Vincent Dupin (UNHCR) who are the\nco-chairs of the Shelter Working Group and the Sector Gender Focal Points Network (SGFPN) Cochairs: Yukiko Koyama (UNHCR) and Katia Urteaga.\n\n##### **_Shelter Sector Gender Focal Points:_** _Esraa Majd_ _Rula Ammar_ _Nidal Dalgamouni_ 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Abbreviations**\n\n\n|IASC|Inter-Agency Standing Committee|\n|---|---|\n|KII
|Key informant interviews
|\n|ICMC
|International Catholic Migration Commission
|\n|IOCC
|International Orthodox Christian Charities
|\n|IASC
|Inter-Agency Standing Committee
|\n|HLP
|House Landing & property rights
|\n|GIS
|Group information sessions
|\n|FGD
|Focus group discussion
|\n|UNHCR
|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
|\n|NRC
|Norwegian Refugee Council
|\n|FHH
|Female headed household
|\n|MHH
|Male headed household
|\n|WASH|Water, Sanitation and Hygiene|\n\n\n##### 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Executive Summary** **Background:**\n\nThe crisis in Syrian Arab Republic that started in March 2011 has transformed into a multi-sided armed\nconflict that has displaced around 6.5 million people and forced around 4.2 million people out of the\ncountry to seek asylum. As per the 2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview for Syria, around 13.5 million\npeople in Syria are in need of humanitarian assistance of which around 2.4 million people are desperate\nto receive adequate shelter support and other multi-sectoral assistance as they continue to struggle in an\nunsafe and uncertain environment in Syria. Due to the protracted nature of the conflict, both displaced\nand host communities become more vulnerable and their ability to cope and find safe and durable shelter\nsolutions have been greatly affected. The humanitarian community has been challenged to both provide\nemergency and life-saving shelter solutions while building back community cohesion and resilience through\nprovision of sustainable shelter assistance.\n\nThe Shelter Sector of the refugee response in Jordan aims to provide Syrian refugee women, girls, boys\nand men settled in host communities and in planned and developed camps with adequate shelter and\naccess to basic facilities and services. In camp settings, the shelter sector ensures the provision of adequate\nshelter through the distribution of emergency tents or semi-permanent pre-fabricated units. In non-camp\nsettings the shelter sector adopts five key response strategies to ensure the provision of adequate shelter\nsupport to refugees: 1) upgrading sub-standard housing units, in which Syrian refugees already live, to\nmeet adequate standards; 2) increasing the quantity of adequate housing that is available, affordable and\naccessible to refugees on the rental market by working with property owners to upgrade existing\nproperties that are currently not for rent; 3) providing conditional financial assistance to meet rental\ncosts, and for ensuring security of tenure; 4) adapting sub-standard dwelling units to overcome harsh\nweather conditions with \u201chouse adaptation kits\u201d provided either in the form of Non-Food Item (NFI)\npackages or a cash equivalent through conditional cash grants; and 5) enhancing awareness on tenure\nrights and obligations amongst women, girls, boys and men refugee tenants and target all refugees who\nreside in non-camp settings. The shelter working group is co-chaired by UNHCR and NRC.\n\n##### 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **1. Introduction**\n\nFor Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan, shelter is especially important for safety, protection and human\ndignity, and to sustain family and community life. Women, girls, boys and men have different needs, roles\nand responsibilities related to shelter/houses. Gender considerations have to be integrated into shelter\nplanning and program to ensure people affected by the (Syrian) crisis benefit equally from safe shelter\n(IASC, 2006). In most communities, women bear the primary responsibility for household chores, and\ntherefore the design of the sites and shelters should reflect their needs for security and privacy. The\nallocation and maintenance of shelter can be problematic if systematic participatory assessments and\nanalysis are not undertaken ensuring meaningful participation of women, girls, boys and men in the refugee\ncommunity to ensure adequate identification of needs and strategies to address them. The specific needs\nof child-headed households and single young and elderly women and men must be met without creating\nfurther stress, danger and exposing people to undignified solutions.\n\nShelter is more than just the provision of materials or the construction of a physical structure; it is also a\nprocess essential to the creation of an environment where people can begin rebuilding their lives in safety\nand dignity, in both the immediate and long-term. Following international guidelines for humanitarian\nintervention, it is paramount for the Shelter sector partners to understand that often protection risks\narise because of the failure to understand the different needs of different individuals.\n\nSince the outbreak of the Syrian Conflict in 2012, thousands of Syrians have taken refuge in Jordan in\ncamps like Za\u2019atari and Azraq and in urban host communities in different governorates. A number of\nactors are currently involved in the delivery of Shelter services including: UNHCR Jordan, NRC Jordan,\nICMC, IOCC and INTERSOS Jordan.\n\n##### 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **2. Taxonomy of Shelter Sector Services** **5.1 Sub-Sector: Camp Interventions**\n\nCurrent Camp Interventions include:\n\n - Distribution of emergency and transitional shelters.\n\n - Maintenance and replacement of damaged shelters (shelter maintenance cash, sealing kit\ndistribution).\n\n - Upgrade of shelters from emergency to transitional.\n\n - Design development of shelter facilities (addition of shades, kitchen spaces and integrated W.C.\nfacilities spaces).\n\n - Infrastructure facilities development (roads, storm water networks, culverts, district relocation,\netc.).\n\n - Camp site planning.\n\n##### **5.2 Sub-Sector: Urban Interventions** Urban Interventions include:\n\n\n - Creation of additional housing units in unfinished buildings.\n\n - Renovation / Upgrading of sub-standard shelters.\n\n - Cash for rent.\n\n - Increased awareness about housing, land & property rights.\n\n - Winterization\n\n##### **3. Purpose of the Gender Analysis**\n\n\nThe purpose of the gender analysis was to assess the gender dimensions of the shelter needs and\nchallenges of Syrian refugees in Jordan. In addition, the gender analysis would propose solutions to redress\ninequality. The gender analysis also generated gender related data/information to inform design,\nimplementation, monitoring and evaluation of interventions in the Shelter sector.\n\n##### 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Analysis", - "confidence": 0.7076466679573059, - "start": 182, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9646915793418884, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9846316576004028, - "start": 205, - "end": 207 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **4. Objectives of the Gender Analysis**\n\nThe specific objectives of the gender analysis were to:\n\n1. Analyze refugee population demographics.\n2. Assess refugee community practices and cultural patterns for household and care arrangements.\n3. Identify the concerns and needs of women, girls, boys and men in relation to shelter.\n4. Establish what needs to be considered in the provision of Shelter services.\n\n##### **5. Methodology**\n\n\nAlthough both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to answer the gender analysis questions,\nthe study was designed to be more qualitative [1] than quantitative to allow for respondents (from the openended nature of the qualitative inquiry) to describe their shelter related needs, experiences, challenges,\nbehaviors, cultural practices, etc., for better understanding of their gender specific needs. Data was\ncollected using different methods including desk review (extracting both quantitative and qualitative\ninformation); key informant interviews (KIIs) during the regular monthly shelter working group meetings\nand focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted at Zaatari and Azraq camps on the 23rd and 26th\nof October 2016 in coordination with the M&E team in NRC.\n\n##### **5.1 Data Analysis**\n\n\nQualitative data from KIIs and FGDs was categorized at gender analysis objective level with analysis of\ntrends in each objective - by grouping similar responses on each gender dimension.\nQuantitative methods were used to analyze the data with tabulations and frequencies to supplement the\nqualitative data. Triangulation of these methods was used to confirm validity of data and reliability was\nensured through use of standard data collection tools.\n\n##### **5.2 Constraints and Challenges of the Gender Analysis**\n\nThe analysis was conducted taking in consideration the impact of the changing context of the ongoing\nSyrian Crisis. Under these circumstances, the lack of previous reports and the weak knowledge of the\nrelation between gender and shelter activities was a huge challenge. The scattered refugee locations in\nthe urban areas prevented us from conducting FGD in urban settings, which limited us from capturing the\nfull picture for gender concerns. So this analysis is mainly based on data coming from (GBVIMS) Annual\nReport 2015 .\n\n\n1 Thus, this report is not presented with loads of statistical data.\n##### 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.5926375389099121, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.6205571889877319, - "start": 29, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.8235827684402466, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.796874463558197, - "start": 244, - "end": 246 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "M&E team", - "confidence": 0.5035972595214844, - "start": 223, - "end": 227 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.5289324522018433, - "start": 207, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5580885410308838, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **6. Findings**\n\nThe findings of the gender analysis are presented in the following sub-sections, which show the general\nchallenges Syrian refugees face in this protracted crisis and more specifically the specific challenges in the\nlives of women, girls, boys and men in relation to shelter sector services.\n\n\n**1- Gender-based violence risks**\n\n\nA number of factors related to the refugee crisis have had a huge impact on the sustained presence\nof gender-based violence incidents among refugees. Among the different types of GBV, domestic\nviolence was the highest with 44.8 % \u201cDomestic violence, including psychological or emotional\nabuse and physical assault\u201d, sources interviewed report it occurs as a result of numerous stressors\nwithin the refugee family life, for example the lack of family income and the high cost of rent and\nother expenses, which adds to the contexts as a trigger of violence.\nOther types more related to sexual violence are sexual exploitation or forced and/or coerced\nprostitution in exchange for shelter materials and for rent (the perpetrator being the landlord).\nAmong other factors that impact the risk of GBV are overcrowded shelters, lack of locks and\nlighting, high cost of rent, etc.\n\n**2- Child marriage:**\n\n\nThe data collected shows that crowded shelters are one of the main reasons why families opt for\nchild marriage (one of six core forms of gender-based violence) as many families trying to reduce\nthe family size by wedding their young daughters. In Jordan, cases of child marriage are 32.7% of\nthe cases of GBV reported in 2017.\n\n\n**3-Privacy concerns**\n\n\nThe small number of separated rooms and WASH facilities that can be provided in a context\nwhere families traditionally have high number of individuals under the same roof is another one\nof the challenges, that can also have a negative impact on safety and GBV.\nAccording to standards, privacy is a relevant factor that impacts the dignity of vulnerable\npopulation in crisis and needs to be ensured by providing adequate and safe space for women\n(particularly single women and adolescents) and girls, mothers (particularly if they are head of\nhousehold), babies, persons with disabilities, elderly population, etc.\n\n##### 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5722557902336121, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9568330645561218, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8682448267936707, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.5071932077407837, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4 - Refugee community practices and cultural patterns for household and**\n**care arrangements**\n\nThe lack of available space has an impact on the mental health of the family. The informants\nindicated that according to culture, it is not accepted for children above 8 years old to share same\nbedroom with their parents but in a significant number of cases that is the only option they have\n(for example in caravans). They also indicate that mixing boys and girls above 8 years old is not\nculturally and religiously accepted, however there is no other possibility for refugee families.\n\n**5- Shelter maintenance**\n\nAccording to the Winterization Rapid Assessment conducted by REACH in collaboration with\nUNHCR in Zatari camp from 15-22 Aug 2016 [2], most of the respondents indicated they were living\nin caravan structures, with only 4% indicating they had mixed caravan and tent structures. Overall,\n57% of respondents did not consider their family\u2019s shelter to be suitable for the 2016 winter.\nAmongst respondents who consider the shelter to be unsuitable, the most frequently cited reason\nis a leaking roof (54%).\nCapacity to maintain shelters: The majority of respondents (60%) considered their family\u2019s ability\nto make repairs and conduct shelter maintenance themselves to be weak or very weak. 32% of\nthe respondents who perceived their family\u2019s ability to perform repairs as very weak were female\nheaded households (FHH), compared to 17% of male headed households with the same\nperception. The most frequently cited reason for why respondents consider their families\u2019 capacity\nto perform shelter maintenance as weak or very weak was overwhelmingly a lack of financial\nresources to purchase the materials necessary to make repairs. Additionally, in Syrian society men\ntend to take the responsibility in most of the household maintenance, while women tend to be\nonly involved in minor repairs. In case of female headed households, it would be necessary for\nthem to ask someone to come to their caravans in order to do maintenance, which might be not\nsafe.\n\n\n2 http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource[documents/reach_jor_factsheet_zaataricamp_winterizationassessment_shelternfis_aug2016_1.pdf](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_jor_factsheet_zaataricamp_winterizationassessment_shelternfis_aug2016_1.pdf)\n##### 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Winterization Rapid Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9969601631164551, - "start": 123, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.8826844096183777, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari camp", - "confidence": 0.9961885809898376, - "start": 134, - "end": 136 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9458383321762085, - "start": 139, - "end": 140 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6031671166419983, - "start": 139, - "end": 140 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.8350616097450256, - "start": 109, - "end": 111 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Capacity to maintain shelters", - "confidence": 0.5352835655212402, - "start": 215, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9829745888710022, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5316716432571411, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **6.1 Refugee Population Demographics**\n\nSince the start of the conflict in Syria in 2011, millions have escaped across borders, fleeing the bombs\nand bullets that have devastated their homes and services, and are now seeking safety, shelter and dignity\nin Jordan. As of November 2016, there are 656,170 registered Syrian refugees residing in the kingdom,\nwith roughly 515,162 registered outside of camps and 141,008 inside the camps.\n\n\nApproximately 23 % of all Syrian refugees are women over the age of 18, 19 % of the population (male &\nfemale) is under the age of five.\n\n\nMany have arrived with limited means to cover even basic needs, and those who could at first rely on\nsavings or support from host families are now increasingly in need of help.\n\n\nShelter is a vital survival mechanism in times of crisis or displacement. It is also key to restoring personal\nsecurity, self-sufficiency and dignity.\n\n\nIn Jordan, around 78% of registered Syrian refugees reside in host communities [3], putting pressure on\ninfrastructure and increasing demand for housing. Many refugees live in rented apartments, but do not\nhave formal and fair lease agreements and therefore do not have basic security of tenure. Lack of\nappropriate lease agreements can lead to evictions, rental increases, exploitation, and disputes with\nlandlords [4 ] 25% of individuals are severely shelter vulnerable, and 50% are highly shelter vulnerable. [5 ]\n\n3 Shelter Working Group in Jordan, 2016, \u201cTechnical Guidelines: Increased Awareness about Housing, Land & Property\nRights\u201d http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=10427\n4 Shelter Working Group in Jordan, 2016, \u201cTechnical Guidelines: Increased Awareness about Housing, Land & Property\nRights\u201d, 2016 http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=10427\n5 Shelter Working Group in Jordan, 2016 \u201cTechnical Guidelines: Upgrading of Sub-standard Shelters\u201d\nhttp://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=10431\n##### 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **6.2Refugee Community Practices and Cultural patterns for Household and care** **arrangements**\n\nPatriarchal society controlling cultural norms, in family and house decision making as women and young\ngirls and boys don\u2019t participate in house decisions. Also Sharing rooms(privacy) according to cultural\nnorms, it is not accepted for children above 8 years old to share the same bed room with their parents\nin the meantime mixing boys and girls above the same age is not culturally religiously accepted.\nFurthermore, some areas (Daraa & southern areas) it\u2019s accepted to have many families under the same\nshelter, while it\u2019s not for Damascus for example and many other urban areas. Therefore, it\u2019s important\nto understand that dignity and women\u2019s privacy are highly considered in the Syrian cultural and it\u2019s deeply\nrooted in their social practices.\n\n##### **6.3Shelter Concerns and Needs of Women, Girls, Boys and Men**\n#### **Shelter interventions and projects:**\n\n##### _Urban intervention : includes cash for rent, unfinished building, upgrading of substandard shelter/ rehabilitation_\n\n_and winterization._\n\n##### \u27a2 Cash for rent 1. Coverage areas: Karak, Ma\u2019an, Irbid, Mafraq, Jerash, Zarqa, Ajloun, Madaba & Balqa 2. Selection Criteria : outreach visits, referral and VAF criteria (prioritizing elderly refugees,\n\nfamilies with school aged children, risk of eviction and/or are living in overcrowded\naccommodation, high debt per capita and the quality of the dwelling) and taking into particular\nconsideration key protection concerns.\n##### 3. Gender gaps in selection criteria: focuses on families with five or more people in the\n\nfamily and does not target unaccompanied minors (boys and girls).\n\n\n - _**Statistics:**_\n\n|Col1|Families benefited|FHH|FHH /Evict|PWD|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**_Number_**|**_3507_**|**_2901_**|**_975_**|**_1206_**|\n\n\n##### \u27a2 Unfinished Building 1. Coverage areas: Irbid, Jerash and Ajloun 2. Selection Criteria : the selection process based on Vulnerability Assessment\n\nform/questionnaire; based on VAF set of vulnerability criteria and the Shelter WG (Working\n##### 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6708526015281677, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF set of vulnerability criteria", - "confidence": 0.8734180331230164, - "start": 468, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Group) criteria.\n##### 3. Gender gaps in selection criteria:\n\n - _according to the vulnerability assessment for service providers the main_ focuses on families with\nfive or more people in the family which give less options for families consist of 4 or less\nmembers, which can encourage small families to live together\n\n - Giving property far away from services, from a lower monthly rental cost perspective,\nwhich not taking in consideration that female Headed Household protection concerns in\nrural areas.\n\n - Considering individuals\u2019 numbers under the same roof without considering the families\ncomponent and/or the number of families living under the same roof.\n\n - in the case of having more than one family in the same shelter; the lack of privacy become\na very high concern, (for example, 3 families consist of 7 seven individuals are obliged to\nreceive 2 housing units while they need a minimum of 3 housing units).\n\n - Lack of safety due to lack of iron bars on windows & doors, especially on the ground floor\u2019s\nproperty.\n\n - providing shelters in the rural areas encourage families to drop their daughters from\nschools, as it not acceptable culturally for little girls to use public transportation and to\navoid harassment in the way to school.\n\n - Unaccompanied minors (boys and girls) are not considered in the current projects. That\nmeans they should live with other families to benefit from the projects regardless of their\nrights & own life.\n\n|\uf0b7 Statistics:|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**_Families benefited_**|**_FHH_**|**_FHH /Evict_**|**_PWD_**|\n|**_Number_**|**_353_**|**_253_**|**_8 _**|**_52_**|\n\n\n##### \u27a2 Upgrading of Sub-standard Shelters/ Rehabilitation 1. Coverage areas: Irbid, Jerash and Ajloun 2. Selection Criteria : The selection process is based on both vulnerability and technical\n\ncriteria: VAF set of vulnerability criteria and Shelter WG criteria (age, gender, registration\nstatus, number of family members, average monthly income, male- or female-headed\nhousehold, amount that family pays for rent, pregnant or nursing mother, etc.).\n##### 3. Gender gaps in selection criteria:\n\n - Renovate small properties even if it's crowded or there is not privacy and dignity is not\nrespected, unfortunately assessments do not consider all other family and living factors and\nneeds, but focus only on house condition\n\n - Focuses on families with five or more people in the family and does not target\n\n##### 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "unaccompanied minors.\n\n - Other challenges is due to the patriarchy society. For documentation it\u2019s the role of the\nmale to issue all required documents, which make it a real challenge for FHH to obtain\nrequired documents, even though no real barrier is preventing females from that.\n\n - Furthermore, for FHH subjected to benefit from renovation services, NGOs provide\nmoney to both landlord and FHH in order to do the renovation. But usually the landlords\nexploit females to receive all the money alone, so they can save a little bit of the money\nafter finishing all renovation work.\n\n|\uf0b7 Statistics:|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**_Families benefited_**|**_FHH_**|**_FHH /Evict_**|**_PWD_**|\n|**_Number_**|**_232_**|**_57_**|**_0 _**|**_30_**|\n\n\n##### \u27a2 Increased Awareness about Housing, Land & Property Rights\n\nLegal information session for both landlord and tenants to raise awareness on Housing, Land and\nTenancy rights (HLP) and to ensure the understanding of their contractual obligations and rights\n\n - Group information sessions (GIS) has been conducted 65 times for Syrian beneficiaries\namong different cities with a total of 958 individuals, 70.7% women 29.3 % men.\nFurthermore, they target any Syrian above 18 years who is interested in this session.\n\n - For People with Disabilities they give them the information session via phone call\n\n - Gaps: there is no data available about male and female elderly persons and they don\u2019t\nhave disaggregated eligibility criteria\n\n##### \u27a2 Winterization Plan (unconditional cash distribution) \u25cf Coverage areas: 6 governorates throughout Jordan (Irbid, Amman, Madaba, Karak, Ma\u2019an and\n\nTafilah)\n##### \u25cf Selection Criteria : the selection process is based on the Vulnerability Assessment\n\nform/questionnaire, the VAF set of vulnerability criteria and the Shelter WG criteria.\n\n- 960 families were benefitted.\n\n- Gender gaps: FHH face problems in going to the nearest ATM or exchange shop, due to the\npreselected exchange offices located in the city center, making it more difficult for FHH to\naccess the money, especially those who live in rural area.\n\n##### 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8640406727790833, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment\n\nform/questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.970186173915863, - "start": 392, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7096619606018066, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "male and female elderly persons", - "confidence": 0.5697290301322937, - "start": 326, - "end": 331 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF set of vulnerability criteria", - "confidence": 0.7982578873634338, - "start": 399, - "end": 404 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Camps (Azraq and Zaatari camps)**\n\n**Camps (Azraq )**\n\n\u27a2 **Sealing off Kit distribution**\n\n - Eligibility Criteria: Camp wide distribution\n\n - Number of females headed household benefited from projects: 1848 FHHS & MHHS\n\n5852\n\n - Provision of training on how to use sealing off kits, after kits distribution\n\n**Camps (Zaatari)**\n\n\u27a2 **Maintenance cash distribution (Dec 2016)**\n\n - NFIs/Shelter Maintenance cash: This cash assistance (20 JOD) was in preparation of the\n\ncoming winter. Only around 500 families were excluded from this assistance based on\nthe living space (m2) the family possessed. UNICEF provided 20 JD cash assistance/per\nchild (0-17 years) to purchase assorted winter clothes in the camp. The cash assistance\nwas distributed through the Common Distribution Center for Humanitarian Assistance\n(NRC)\n\n - **Eligibility Criteria: Camp wide distribution**\n\n - Number of females headed household benefited from projects (ages 18 and\n\nabove): 2199 FHH\n\n - Number of children benefited from Project (0-17 years M&F): 10641\n##### \u27a2 Camp Restructure Project (April 2015-April 2016) [6]\n\n - **Project mission**\nThe project is aimed for Planning Households (Caravans) based on specific regulations\nthat ensure the right of each family to have a healthy and safe environment.\nThe result of the project includes the implementation of an address system for every\nhousehold, and mapping their boundaries on the masterplan.\nIn April 2015, UNHCR site planning took the lead to initiate the project of camp\nrestructuring, undertaking household assessment in terms of area, location, presence of\nshelter, private facilities, extension areas, number of individuals living\nin the house, and if there are any persons with physical disabilities, generally checking the\ncondition of the household and ensuring the minimum shelter needs are met.\n**__________________________________________________**\n\n6 data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=11286\n\n##### 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household assessment", - "confidence": 0.9577916860580444, - "start": 312, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Main concerns presented in the focus groups conducted in both Zaatari and Azraq** **camp:**\n\n**Based on the FGD finding which were conducted in both Azraq and Zaatari camps on 23 & 26 Oct**\n**2016**\n\n**Privacy concerns:**\nPrivacy concerns are often mentioned in most of the FG; as it has a strong relation with the social and\ncultural norms related to gender.\n\n**1. Shelters design**\n\n\n - Shelters don\u2019t provide adequate privacy i.e. (changing clothes, study space and nursery place) as\nwere mentioned in most of the FG.\n\n\n - Some participant highlighted that too many incidents occur due to the lack of privacy inside\nshelters, mainly where is more than one family like a father in law with married children or two\nmarried brothers in the same caravan.\n\u201can incident example: once two sisters in law were fighting because one of them thought that her\nbrother in law was watching her while she was changing\u201d\n\n\n - Caravans are very close to each other (average distance between caravans is less than 3 meters).\nIn Zaatari some districts have a fair distance while other districts don\u2019t have a good distance, the\nproblem wasn\u2019t solved by last caravans\u2019 allocation.\n\n\n - The caravans are not isolated from heat, sounds.etc.as one of the cultural values among Syrian,\nthey don\u2019t discuss problems in public or with others.\nA participant in FGD told us, \u201cI had a problem with my close neighbor, and I was imprisoned for\na week after a fight, because we were able to hear all voices and sounds in each other\u2019s caravans\u201d\n\n\n - Windows location is not suitable for women, especially that most of women in camps wears Hijab\nin front of strangers, so they keep the windows closed and fully covered in order to maintain\nprivacy, this make the ventilation really bad inside the caravans.\n\n\n - Having a family member with disability or older person, increase the load and the pressure on the\nfamily privacy as they need to ask all family members to leave the caravan when they need to\nchange clothes, etc.\n\n\n - Having children older than eight years old in the same caravan put high pressure on the parents\nfor their marriage relation \u201cas mentioned by many participants in Zaatari camp that many kids saw\n\n##### 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "their parents in their intimate relation, and it is even worse when the children are older, and that\nsometimes leads children to be curious more about relationships.\n\n**2. WASH facilities**\n\n - Based on the demographic information for Azraq and Zaatari camp, we need to highlight that all\nshelters in Zaatari camp have their own private toilets and kitchens, in the meantime Azraq camp\nstill rely on public facilities.\n\n - However, the unavailability of the private facilities in Azraq as a part of each shelter, flagged a\nserious gender concerns as detailed below:\n\n - Females in the camp don\u2019t feel safe to use toilets after sunset, due to many reasons, like the\ndistance between caravan and toilets, young men gathered near to the toilet and poor lightening\nin and around the toilets at night.\n\n - Furthermore, they don\u2019t send young children to toilets in the night, due to presence of dogs\naround some plots.\n\n - Cleaning the bathroom is another issue that raised by the beneficiaries who live in the same plot\nand sharing the same bathroom they complained that they are fighting who is going to clean the\nbathroom.\n\nWater point is another concerns and challenge for beneficiaries in both camps: \n - Water is available only during the daylight, it is very crowded lead to fight to have a chance of\nsome water.\n\n - Most of female are not allowed to go to the water point as their families afraid to go back without\nwater in presence of 5-6 men setting there or gets harassed by male.\n\n - Families are worried to send their children to the water point because of crowdedness they afraid\nto get bullied or harassed by others.\n\n\u201can incident example: there was a children when the water tank was filling water, the children\nwho are gathering there did not have the chance to fill water from water point, so on childe\ntries to fill it directly from the water tank, suddenly the water tank started to drive back and\ncouldn\u2019t see the child behind the tank. He run over him and child now has an injury in his leg\u201d\n\n**3. Electricity:**\n\n - In Zaatari electricity available only 9 hours per day from 5 pm to 2 am limit a lot of families\nactivities during electricity cut\n\n - Families avoid sending females girls and boys to toilets even though if it\u2019s necessary, women feel\nnot comfortable dealing with infant babies during night (for example diapers changing or\nbreastfeeding).\n\n - This also highlight the high risks faced by persons with disabilities or elderly persons such as falling\n\n##### 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "down.\n\n - Female never participated in decision making for the best timing for electricity power.\n\nIn the meantime, electricity still not available in Azraq camp, still using solar lights which are not always\nworking, especially in the winter when it is cloudy.\n\n**4- Shelter maintenance**\nMen taking lead in most of the shelter maintenance while women only got involved in a minor repairing\nissues. But for female headed households this make it necessary for them to ask someone to come to\ntheir caravans in order to do maintenance which is not always safe allowing stranger to get inside houses.\n\nAccording to REACH assessment in Zaatari camp, found 57% of families shelters are not suitable for\nmaintenance needs (leaking roofs, Cracks in windows, doors and walls)and regarding the ability to\nperform shelters repair themselves due to lacking physical ability 39% and due to financial ability 80%.\n\n**5. Participation in decision making:**\nAccording to cultural and customs traditions usually females, boys and girls don\u2019t participate in decisions\nrelated to shelter. It i mainly for males and elder persons.\n\n##### **7. Conclusions**\n\n\nIn summary Humanitarian actors need to better understand and analyze all family practices, culture and\nsocial norms, in order to prepare appropriate response to address all Women, Men, Girls and boy\u2019s\nneeds, as we found in our focus groups and interviews that privacy can affect all family member\u2019s\ndecision, knowing that shelter projects in Jordan focus mainly on individuals without considering family\nneeds and vulnerability component.\n\nIdentification of GBV risks by doing good participatory need assessment approach to differentiate\nbetween urban and camp needs as well as families priorities before project's implementation.\nFurthermore, Female headed household (FHH) need more specific attention in projects design phase\nwhich can also help in reducing some GBV risks.\n\nConsidering specific Gender sensitive criteria\u2019s included in the project indicators is another element can\ninsure better humanitarian intervention for all women, men, girl and boys.\n\n##### 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **8. Recommendations**\n\nThe following recommendations are made Shelter Sector stakeholders:\n\n\n**GBV Risk Reduction:**\n\n\n - Information sharing system about GBV risk reduction by all shelter service providers.\n\n - Need assessment with concrete gender analysis to be in place before projects planning and\ndesigning to prevent GBV risks such as: adequate space inside shelters, locks, practitioners\u2019, and\nlights. And to respond to all different needs\n\n - Prioritize GBV risk reduction in the shelter activities.\n**Targeted assistance:**\n\n\n - Identify, collect and analyze data disaggregated by sex, age, disability and other relevant\nvulnerability factors in order to have sensitive projects planning.\n\n - Ensure women, girls and other at-risk (particularly woman- and child-headed households,\nunaccompanied children, persons with disabilities and older persons) are actively participating in\ncommunity based needs assessments, activities and provide their feedback and evaluation.\n\n - Increase outreach service targeting FHH, persons with disabilities, elderly etc.\n\n - Ensure unaccompanied minors are prioritized in all shelter activities\n\n - Make sure to give priorities in a location can fit targeted family needs and concerns\n\n##### **Camp Interventions**\n\n\n - Sanitation need to be available in each shelter\n\n - Upgrade caravans design specification (increase caravan space, increase distances between\ncaravans, caravans need to be better isolated\n\n - Regular caravan maintenance\n\n - Accessible caravans to be provided for families with persons with disability, elderly persons and\nkids using strollers)\n\n##### **Urban Interventions**\n\n\n - Property should be located near to the city center due to lack of a good transportation.\n\n - Iron bars must be placed in low level property for security issues.\n\n - Unaccompanied minors need to get use of the projects without living with other families.\n\n##### 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information sharing system", - "confidence": 0.9335393309593201, - "start": 30, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community based needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.5891641974449158, - "start": 160, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "woman- and child-headed households", - "confidence": 0.5127792358398438, - "start": 140, - "end": 145 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **9. Appendices** **Appendix 1: Shelter Sector Partners**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Refugee Camp|Partners|\n|---|---|\n|
**Zaatari**
|UNHCR
NRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|UNHCR
NRC
|\n|

**Mafraq**
|NRC
|\n|

**Mafraq**
|ICMC
|\n|

**Mafraq**
|IOCC
|\n|

**Mafraq**
|Caritas Jordan
|\n|**Irbid**
|NRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|ICMC
|\n|**Irbid**
|Caritas Jordan
|\n|**Irbid**
|LWF
|\n|**Irbid**
|
|\n|**Zarqa**|Caritas Jordan
|\n|**Zarqa**|ICMC
|\n|**Zarqa**|IOCC|\n\n\n##### 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89c23961-5e24-3389-b617-66766a2ac0ec/63556.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_16/raw/doc_16_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_16/raw/doc_16_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d3cf467e3f0b380c7746bdd2d9e977144e1bb2e5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_16/raw/doc_16_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ff208e5-ebc7-3712-b4da-4128308ffea2/170821-forum_conclusion_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_160/raw/doc_160_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_160/raw/doc_160_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e88fa8a50ae9f76299c4ea8b89bf7efe6ee76465..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_160/raw/doc_160_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Joint Paper on the Occasion of the 20** **[th]** **Anniversary of the Bali Process**\n\n\n**UNHCR, IOM and UNODC**\n\n\n**November 2022**\n\n\nAs the Bali Process celebrates its 20 [th] anniversary, UNHCR, IOM and UNODC (\u201cthe Agencies\u201d) would like\nto take the opportunity to reflect on the engagement of the Bali Process on issues and goals commonly\nshared, and provide recommendations on how, in the years to come, the Bali Process can continue to\nstrengthen its mechanisms and enhance cooperation among its members to effectively respond to people\nsmuggling, trafficking in persons and related transnational crime.\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nOne of the most noteworthy achievements in the last decade is the Bali Declaration, signed by Member\nStates at the Sixth Ministerial Conference of the Bali Process. This was the Bali Process response to\nchallenges posed by irregular migration in the region, including the 2015 Andaman Sea crisis, in which\nhuman smugglers abandoned hundreds of refugees and migrants at sea with nearly 300 people perishing.\nThe crisis made abundantly clear that responses to transnational crimes, including human trafficking and\nmigrant smuggling must utilize a comprehensive regional approach, incorporating not only law\nenforcement dimensions but also victim identification and protection. This approach was echoed by the\nAgencies in a joint paper calling for action that was shared with members. The Bali Declaration is an\nimmensely progressive document which called for responses to irregular migration to be based on the\nprinciples of burden sharing and collective responsibility. The intention to implement the Bali Declaration\nwas reaffirmed in the Co-Chair\u2019s Statement of the Seventh Ministerial Conference in Bali in August 2018.\n\n\nHowever, the goals expressed in the Bali Declaration are yet to be fully materialized and operationalized.\nThis is especially relevant in the wake of the changing geo-political situation in the region, the Covid 19\npandemic and the impact it has had on trafficking and smuggling trends, including expanding the existing\npool of vulnerable populations and creating new forms of exploitation. With respect to smuggling by sea,\nall the conditions that led to crises in the Andaman Sea in 2015 and 2020 remain in place. Irregular sea\nmovements in 2022, often facilitated by smugglers, have already more than doubled since 2021 and\nadditional political crises in the region have resulted in new, irregular and dangerous sea routes.\n\n\nAs we observe the Bali Process\u2019s 20 [th] Anniversary and recognize the considerable impact it has had to\nenhance cooperation in the region, the Agencies also recognize the importance that the Bali Process\nplaces on responses that are consistent with the principles of international law. This is evidenced not only\ndirectly in the language of the Bali Declaration, but in subsequent Co-Chair\u2019s Statements and Ministerial\nDeclarations which emphasize the importance of victim identification and protection. Thus, the Bali\nProcess in the coming years would do well to continue to champion responses to smuggling, trafficking\nand related transnational crime that are consistent with international law.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9276ec24-f49f-41ff-9432-ca6650032d4b/638efbc24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommendation 1: Capacity-building for Proactive Responses to Transnational Crimes within the Bali**\n**Process\u2019s Mandate**\n\n\nThe post Covid-19 pandemic trends regarding human trafficking and people smuggling indicate that both\ncrimes are occurring within a spectrum of organized transnational criminality, facilitated by highly\norganized criminal groups who are engaged in money laundering, corruption, kidnapping, extortion, and\ntorture. One of the Bali Process\u2019s most powerful strengths is its ability to bring together Member States\nmost affected by human trafficking, people smuggling and other transnational crimes under its mandate\nin the spirit of collaboration on issues of mutual interest. Capacity building activities for criminal justice\npractitioners and law enforcement officers from Bali Process members states should not only provide\nnecessary skills to respond to these crimes, but also skills to initiate proactive and joint investigations of\ncriminal networks exploiting migrants, refugees, and other vulnerable categories of persons. Importantly,\nincreasing states\u2019 capacity to respond to transnational organized crimes should include the ability to\naddress new emerging trends, such as trafficking to commit cybercrimes, especially prevalent in the\ncontext of the increased use of technology, and the most challenging areas such as smuggling by sea.\n\n\nVictim centered and human rights-based approaches must of course be at the center of response\nstrategies to these issues, as expressed in Goal 1 of the Strategy for Cooperation. The Agencies pledge\ntheir support in assisting Member States with these issues where relevant to their respective mandates.\nFor the Agencies this means working with their government counterparts and partners to enhance general\nawareness around trafficking corridors and modus operandi as well as focusing on capacity-building\ninitiatives to promote effective and coordinated law enforcement action. A shift in focus to longer-term\ninvestigations which target syndicate coordinators and disrupt the capacity to organize and conduct\ntrafficking and smuggling operations is favored over investigations which only serve to prosecute\nindividuals in the lower levels of the organization. In this regard, the recommendations in the Concept\nNote titled \u201cTask Team to Dismantle Smuggling and Trafficking Networks\u201d submitted by the Agencies in\n2021 remain more relevant than ever as the region moves out of the pandemic and smuggling and\ntrafficking routes resume, and even proliferate.\n\n\n**Recommendation 2: Maintaining a Focus on Victim Protection when responding to Human Trafficking**\n**and People Smuggling**\n\n\nThe Bali Process has consistently maintained a recognition of the importance of victim protection. In the\nrecent Co-Chairs\u2019 Statement of the Foreign Ministers\u2019 Meeting of the Steering Group in February 2022,\nthe Co-Chairs recognized the need to identify and support victims of trafficking and exploitation, noting\nwith particular concern that women and children continue to be disproportionately affected by these\ncrises. In the Strategy for Cooperation endorsed at the Seventh Ministerial Conference in August 2018,\nvictim protection is listed as a goal hand-in-hand with migration management. It is essential to reiterate\nthat victim protection also includes ensuring minimum human rights standards under international law,\nincluding the right of refugees not to be returned to countries where they would face persecution ( _non-_\n_refoulement)_ and the right to seek asylum. Victim protection services need to be provided to the full\nspectrum of possible victims of trafficking from victims exploited online, victims trafficked for the purpose\nof forced criminality to labour and understanding the varied needs of victims. Recognizing that labour\nmigrants are three times as likely to experience instances of exploitation in comparison to non-migrant\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9276ec24-f49f-41ff-9432-ca6650032d4b/638efbc24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "workers, [1] targeted efforts to respond to the needs of trafficked and smuggled migrant workers is required.\nFurther, many of those being smuggled by sea in the region are fleeing conflict and persecution and\nrequire a refugee specific response.\n\n\nIn the years to come, the Bali Process can make use of its unique capabilities to continue to capacitate\nMember States to implement comprehensive approaches that disrupt and prosecute perpetrators as well\nas protect victims.\n\n\n**Recommendation 3: Operationalizing the existing Bali Process Mechanisms to effectively Respond to**\n**Situation of People Smuggling by Sea**\n\n\nSmuggling of refugees and migrants by sea is one of the most dangerous routes smugglers can choose,\nresulting in more deaths than in any other smuggling type, such as land and air. Causes of such tragic\noutcomes are multifaceted but oftentimes include slow or limited response from States when such vessels\nare in distress. In cases of smuggling by sea, in addition to the United Nations Protocol Against the\nSmuggling of Migrants, a particularly relevant source of international law surrounds search and rescue at\nsea. The 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the 1974 International Convention\non Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search And Rescue\n(SAR Convention) enjoy high rates of accession among Member States. Each of these Agreements create\na legally binding obligation to rescue persons and vessels in distress at sea, and the principle is so wellrecognized as to place this obligation within customary international law as well. The Agencies highlight\nthe importance of the imperative to conduct search and rescue and urge the Bali Process to ensure it\nremains a critical part of all discussions on responses to human smuggling and trafficking in persons by\nsea. The primacy of human life is a cornerstone principle that must continue to be afforded attention as\nStates work together to prevent and disrupt smuggling of refugees and migrants. With this legal obligation\nhighlighted, the Agencies urge that the Consultative Mechanism, a forum of Members to be convened in\nresponse to urgent irregular migration crises, is recognized as an instrument for effective dialogue. The\nConsultative Mechanism developed in the wake of the Andaman Sea crisis, was successfully convened in\nOctober 2017, and it can be utilized in the future.\n\n\nFurther, the Agencies suggest that the concept notes submitted to the Bali Process in 2021 be reevaluated, with relevant modifications, in light of regional challenges as Member States move into a postpandemic phase. While there was insufficient interest in a Regional Consultation on Safety of Life at Sea,\na Regional Consultation on Responding to Smuggling of Migrants by Sea may instead be apt, given several\nincidents this year of refugee and migrant boats moving along new maritime routes. It would be important\nto integrate a Search and Rescue discussion within the broader discussion on law enforcement responses,\ngiven several maritime disasters this year affecting smuggling vessels, resulting in the loss of lives.\n\n\nSimilarly, a possibility of forming a Technical Advisory Group within the Task Force on Planning and\nPreparedness (TFPP), should be considered. The TFPP was established at the 11th Ad Hoc Group Senior\nOfficials Meeting in November 2016 to develop early warning capabilities of officials and their capacity to\ncoordinate action at an operational level in the event of a large influx of irregular migrants.\n\n\nThis does not only encompass search and rescue but also includes responses post-disembarkation. A\nTechnical Advisory Group can include mobilizing material support for countries that take on a\n\n\n1 Walk Free / ILO / IOM Global Estimates of Modern Slavery Forced Labour and Forced Marriage 2022\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9276ec24-f49f-41ff-9432-ca6650032d4b/638efbc24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disproportionate share of an influx of irregular migrants or refugees. Since legal regimes exist to\ncompensate private vessels for financial damages incurred while undertaking legal obligations to rescue\npersons in distress at sea, it is not difficult to advocate that Member States that expend resources to\nrescue and disembark persons in accordance with those same legal obligations, be supported in the spirit\nof solidarity. The Technical Advisory Group\u2019s TORs may also encompass brokering readmission\narrangements among relevant Member States, which may be appropriate for refugees and migrants that\nmove onward from one country to another by sea, provided the conditions are appropriate for\nreadmission.\n\n\n**Recommendation 4: Support a Solutions driven Discussion on Drivers of Trafficking and Smuggling.**\n\n\nThe recognition that the Bali Process needs to address the root causes of irregular movement of people\nwas expressed in the Bali Declaration and reaffirmed in the Co-Chairs\u2019 Statement of the Seventh\nMinisterial Conference in 2018. While mobility drivers have continued to evolve over the past 20 years,\nthere is little space in the Process to discuss the changing nature of drivers and their impact on responses.\nThe Bali Process ecosystem is in a unique position to further facilitate the understanding around mobility\ndrivers from climate change and conflict to technically driven recruitment platforms and online fraud, as\nwell as provide a platform for exploring solutions.\n\n\nTo support this dialogue, the role of the Task Force on Planning and Preparedness could be expanded to\ndiscuss various emerging drivers of mobility and displacement as well as solutions. This would allow it to\ntake on a more effective role in emerging trends such as the South East Asian online scamming crisis that\nis currently of concern to the countries of the region. It may also include regularization and amnesty\nprogrammes which reduce the net demand for irregular movement across borders and address some of\nthe climate change driven mobility that will increasingly be a reality for the region.\n\n\n**Recommendation 5: Strengthen the Connections Within the Bali Process Working Ecosystem, to set**\n**Inclusive Agendas and Drive Ownership of Emerging Issues**\n\n\nOn the Bali Process\u2019s tenth anniversary, the Co-Chairs \u201cencouraged members to continue to move the Bali\nProcess forward, _beyond information sharing to broader cooperative and practical approaches_ to\nmanaging irregular migration and combating people smuggling and trafficking in persons syndicates\u201d.\nOver the past ten years the Regional Support Office of the Bali Process has made significant progress in\nproviding practical and technical support and expertise to Bali Process Member States as part of this\nobjective.\n\n\nHowever, on the 20 [th] anniversary broader cooperation remains a pressing need and steps should be taken\nto strengthen the overall impact of the Bali Process events and increase Bali Process Member States\u2019\nparticipation and ownership of the overall Bali Process agenda. To achieve this, it is important to look at\nthe existing structures and how further inclusion of members and coherence between discussions and\nmeetings can be provided. Many of the required elements of enhanced cooperation are already in place,\nincluding active participation at working group level, strong technical capacity housed at the Regional\nSupport Office and leadership from the Co-Chairs. However more can be done to connect the different\nworkstreams under the Bali Process.\n\n\nTo further strengthen the operational relevancy of the platform, the following suggestions could be\nconsidered. The Co-Chairs could provide further clarity on agenda setting processes for the platform\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9276ec24-f49f-41ff-9432-ca6650032d4b/638efbc24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "including pathways to the workstreams and groups to elevate issues to Senior Official and Ministerial\nlevel. The existing workstreams and groups could go through a streamlining exercise re-establishing terms\nof reference, expected level of participation from Member States and links to other groups as well as the\nCo-Chairs and the agenda setting process. The expectations on the Co-Chairs of the working groups could\nalso be clarified. The Regional Support Office role could be strengthened and resourced to further support\nthe workstreams and the groups to communicate with the Co-Chairs and support in other secretariat\nfunctions providing a sense of continuity to the process and agenda setting. This would support improved\nconnections from working level considerations that are aligned with Member State priorities to the\nhigher-level agenda set by the Co-Chairs.\n\n\n**Recommendation 6: Harness Private Sector Partnerships to deliver on the Bali Process commitments**\n\n\nThe latest Global Estimates on Modern Slavery indicate that 50 million people were living in modern\nslavery in 2021. Of these people, 28 million were in forced labour globally, over 15 million of which were\nin the Asia-Pacific region. Migrant workers are three times more likely to become victims of forced labour.\nUnfortunately, the number of people in modern slavery has risen significantly in the last five years, with\nbusiness being responsible for 86 per cent of forced labour cases.\n\n\nThe Bali Declaration stresses the importance of engaging with the private sector to \u201cexpand legal and\nle _gitimate opportunities for labour migration and to combat human trafficking and related exploitation,_\n_including by promoting and implementing humane and non-abusive labour practices throughout the_\n_international supply chains.\u201d_\n\n\nTo further deliver on the Bali Process commitments, the following suggestions could be considered. Given\nthe role of the private sector in modern slavery, harnessing private sector partnerships is key. This can be\ndone through strengthening private sector capacities to address some of the root causes of trafficking,\npeople smuggling and forced labour, through, among others; ethical recruitment, decent work, access to\n[effective remedies in line with international labour and human rights standards such as the United Nations](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf)\n[Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). In addition, Bali Process Member States can](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf)\nencourage their private sector actors to proactively identify, assess, address and communicate the human\nrights impact of their business operations through ongoing Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD). This\nprocess can also be enhanced by creating stronger partnerships between the private sector and civil\nsociety to enhance access to better information and remedies for those most at risk of falling victim to\nhuman trafficking and related exploitation.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9276ec24-f49f-41ff-9432-ca6650032d4b/638efbc24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_161/raw/doc_161_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_161/raw/doc_161_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a5b7f3ea7e162847639432e1eb6732a079928ec4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_161/raw/doc_161_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **G E N D E R D I M E N S I O N S O F** **F O R C E D D I S P L A C E M E N T**\n\n_[The Gender Dimensions of Forced Displacement research program at the World Bank has examined how](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/brief/gender-dimensions-of-forced-displacement-gdfd-research-program)_\n_gender inequality impacts the experience of forced displacement in 17 countries across different_\n_dimensions of human development \u2013 income and multi-dimensional poverty, livelihoods, gender norms,_\n_intimate partner violence and child marriage. The research shows that gender-related constraints are_\n_often amplified in situations of forced displacement and considers how policies and programs can help to_\n_overcome these obstacles._\n\n## **POVERTY & INEQUALITY**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e01c654-2a34-4046-b7a0-82fcde23ef57/639751a24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **POVERTY & INEQUALITY**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e01c654-2a34-4046-b7a0-82fcde23ef57/639751a24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **POVERTY & INEQUALITY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e01c654-2a34-4046-b7a0-82fcde23ef57/639751a24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **LIVELIHOODS & DEVELOPMENT**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e01c654-2a34-4046-b7a0-82fcde23ef57/639751a24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e01c654-2a34-4046-b7a0-82fcde23ef57/639751a24.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_162/raw/doc_162_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_162/raw/doc_162_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3e20fc6b9b4cb31d3c15e20dcd8a4745b74671de..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_162/raw/doc_162_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,248 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 161**\n\n# **Ignored Displaced Persons:** **the plight of IDPs in urban areas**\n\n\n**Alexandra Fielden**\n\n\nIntern,\nPolicy Development and Evaluation Service,\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nE-mail: alexandrafielden@googlemail.com\n\n\nJuly 2008\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nUNHCR describes internally displaced persons (IDPs) as \u201cprobably the largest group\nof vulnerable people in the world.\u201d [1] Although it is nearly impossible to estimate the\nglobal number of urban IDPs, the figures that do exist would put the total at nearly four\nmillion. [2] Yet this group remains silent, largely ignored, and without hope for durable\nsolutions to their plight.\n\n\nUrban IDPs are often denied basic human rights; living in squalor and lacking physical\nsecurity and freedom of movement. Without documentation urban IDPs are left\nunprotected by their national government and suffer as a result of insufficient food,\nwater, healthcare and education. Women and children displaced in urban areas are\nvulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence. Moreover, urban IDPs are unable to\nimprove their situation, since limited access to livelihoods prevents them from\nbecoming self-reliant.\n\n\nThere exist a number of obstacles to finding solutions for urban IDPs. Firstly, the\ndifficulty in identifying this group hinders accurate data collection, thorough research\nand effective policy making. Secondly, the dynamics of displacement are particularly\ncomplex and interconnected, and can have many phases. Thirdly, urban IDPs have\nspecific and often unidentified capacities and needs. Finally, their situation is\ncomplicated by political concerns regarding sovereignty and international jurisdiction.\nUrban IDPs have therefore been categorized as a \u2018messy\u2019 beneficiary; receiving little\nattention from donors and international aid agencies preferring to focus initiatives on\nmore visible and attainable targets.\n\n\nThese factors have conspired to create a vacuum of protection for this particularly\nvulnerable group, who are without access to the safeguards and assistance available to\nmost other persons of concern. The predicament of ignored urban IDPs thus requires\nthe immediate attention of national authorities, international organizations and civil\nsociety.\n\n\n**Visibility and definitions**\n\n\nThe issue of urban IDPs suffers from the lack of a clear definition. Without a\nclarification of the actual target for new policy, it is impossible to design and\nimplement effective durable solutions. Although it is often difficult to analytically\ndistinguish rural areas from urban areas, and the forced internally displaced from\nregular rural-to-urban migrants, these distinctions are crucial for national and\ninternational authorities to be able to provide measured and effective assistance to\nmillions of urban IDPs.\n\n\nHistorically, there has been a wide-ranging misunderstanding and misuse of the term\n\u2018urban IDP\u2019. Confusion exists mainly in respect to whether the \u2018urban\u2019 aspect of the\nlabel applies to the place of departure or the place of destination. Indeed, the term\n\u2018urban IDP\u2019 has been applied to city dwellers displaced into the countryside, as well as\n\n1 UNHCR, (2007). _Internally Displaced Persons: Questions and Answers_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 4.\nAvailable at .\n2 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, (2007). _Addressing Urban Displacement - A Project_\n_Description_ . (IDMC, Norwegian Refugee Council: Geneva), p. 2.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to returning refugees who have become urbanized during their time spent in a host\ncountry. To clarify, an \u2018urban IDP\u2019 is a person displaced from their place of habitual\nresidence (be it rural or urban, at home or abroad) into an urban environment in their\nown country.\n\n\nUrban IDPs are very difficult to identify, however. Unlike IDPs in rural camps, urban\nIDPs are not formally separated from the local community or housed in easily\nrecognizable regions. In reality, they are found scattered across urban areas, or residing\nwith host families. Even in instances where urban IDPs inhabit designated buildings or\nareas, they usually rely on local markets and social services. Thus they are _de facto_\nintegrated in urban areas, making it difficult to distinguish them from economic\nmigrants and the urban poor. The actions of urban IDPs may further hinder efforts to\nlocate them; urban IDPs are unlikely to reveal themselves in cases where their security\nis threatened.\n\n\nIDPs in urban environments are less photogenic and less visible than those in camps.\nThe plight of urban IDPs therefore goes largely ignored by an international media\nflooded with other compelling images. Effective protection is further limited by the\nfact that both host governments and donors are not generally keen on assisting IDPs in\nurban environments because many assume that those who make it to cities can support\nthemselves.\n\n\n**What is \u2018urban\u2019?**\n\n\nFirstly, the word \u2018urban\u2019 is a broad and subjective term of reference, with widely\nvarying definitions. According to the Oxford English dictionary, it is an adjective\nrelating to a town or a city and derives from the Latin _urbanus_, from _urbs_ meaning\n\u2018city\u2019, but the term is also often applied to conurbations and metropolitan areas. Even\ncities themselves have differing scales. For example, Tokyo accommodates over 30\nmillion people, whereas the city of Ferdania in Saudi Arabia has only one police\nstation, one school, one market, one gas station, one health centre, and about 10\nhouses. [3]\n\n\nOfficial records may in theory provide guidance in demarcating an urban area, but this\nalso has associated risks. Many peri-urban or squatter settlements are excluded from\nofficial statistics and do not appear on city maps. [4] Urban sprawl is also a complicating\nfactor; the tendency for a city and its suburbs to spread into the surrounding rural areas\nmakes it impossible to define the border of an urban region that is constantly changing.\n\n\nFor the purposes of this paper, \u2018urban\u2019 areas will include surrounding suburbs, in order\nto incorporate urban IDP camps located on the outskirts of cities, or along peripheral\ncity roads.\n\n\n3 Information available at \n4 Loren B. Landau, (2004). _Forced Migration Online Research Guide: Urban Refugees_ . Available at <\nhttp://www.forcedmigration.org/guides/fmo024/fmo024.pdf>, p. 12.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**What is an \u2018IDP\u2019?**\n\n\nAnother complexity lies in the precise definition of IDPs; an acronym lamented a\n\u201csoulless shorthand of bureaucracy\u201d by UNHCR. [5] According to the agency, \u201cUNHCR\nhas an interest in the protection and welfare of persons who have been displaced by\npersecution, situations of general violence, conflict or massive violations of human\nrights: in other words, all those, who, had they crossed an international frontier, would\nhave had a claim to international protection.\u201d [6] Notably, this description does not\ninclude IDPs displaced as a result of natural disasters or development activities.\nNonetheless, the subsequent \u2018overriding\u2019 consensus is that these persons are also\nworthy of attention, since they can also be subject to discrimination and human rights\nviolations in the course of their displacement. [7]\n\n\nThe term IDP is a descriptive, not a legal definition, since the legal rights of IDPs are\nupheld by their local government. [8] As such, a difficulty arises in categorizing children\nborn to IDPs, as the child has never actually been displaced from their habitual\nresidence. This is another problem with the UNHCR definition of IDPs, and represents\na significant protection gap for children of concern. Moreover, there is no agreement\non when internal displacement ends. [9] Confounding the problem of definition further is\nthe fact that the internally displaced are often lazily referred to as \u201crefugees\u201d, despite\nremaining within their national borders.\n\n\nFor the purposes of this paper, urban IDPs will thus be defined more broadly, in line\nwith the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. That is, an urban IDP lives\noutside of a rural setting, and fulfils the following criteria:\n\n\npersons or groups of persons who have been forced or\nobliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual\nresidence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the\neffects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence,\nviolations of human rights or natural or human-made\ndisasters, and who have not crossed an internationally\nrecognized State border. [10]\n\n\n5 UNHCR, (2007). _Internally Displaced Persons: Questions and Answers_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 4.\nAvailable at .\n6 UNHCR, (2000). _Internally Displaced Persons: The Role of the United Nations High Commissioner_\n_for Refugees_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 3. Available at\n\n7 Roberta Cohen, (2004). \u2018The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: An Innovation in\nInternational Standard Setting,\u2019 _Global Governance,_ Vol. 10 (2004), p. 466.\n8 Walter K\u00e4lin, (2000). \u2018Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: Annotations,\u2019 _Studies in_\n_Transnational Legal Policy_, No. 32 (Washington, D.C.: American Society of International Law and\nthe Brookings Institution Project on Internal Displacement) _,_ pp. 13-19.\n9 See _Forced Migration Review Special Issue_, (2003). \u2018When does internal displacement end?\u2019 _FMR No._\n_17_, May 2003. (Oxford: University of Oxford).\n10 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, (1998). _Report of the Representative of the Secretary-_\n_General on Internally Displaced Persons: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,_ UN doc.\nE/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2 (11 February 1998).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Dynamics of displacement**\n\n\nUrban IDPs are a unique and understudied vulnerable population. The complex\ndynamics of their displacement motivates further research whilst simultaneously being\na hindrance to the methodological process. The causes of displacement are many and\nvaried within and between countries, as well as over different time periods. [11] The\nprocess of displacement of an urban IDP is not simply a one-off movement from rural\nto urban areas, nor is urban settlement a permanent or static state of affairs. Urban\nIDPs often reach towns and cities having been displaced more than once before, and\nusually having found refuge somewhere along the way.\n\n\nFurthermore, the situation of urban IDPs continues to change and evolve once they\nhave arrived in the urban environment. Urban IDPs move within towns and cities as\nthey seek to improve their living conditions and livelihood opportunities. The urban\ndisplaced also structure social networks and geographical proximity within urban areas\nto form urban IDP communities, such as \u2018Acholi Town\u2019 in Kampala. Some of these\nareas have subsequently been the target of forced government evictions, resulting in\nthe secondary displacement of already uprooted individuals or groups. The situation of\nurban IDPs is thus extremely insecure and volatile, even following their settlement in a\nnew urban environment.\n\n\n**Causes of displacement**\n\n\nA narrow conception of urban IDPs being displaced by armed conflict is insufficient to\ndescribe and understand the motivations and needs of this diverse group. In reality, a\nsole cause for forced internal displacement and the subsequent formation of an urban\nIDP population can be difficult to identify. Although there is usually a short-term\ncatalyst, it is common for a number of contributory factors to convince people that\nmigration to urban areas will provide a better life for themselves and/or their family.\nMoreover, the short-term and long-term factors are inextricably linked. It must be\nrecognized that the causes of internal displacement cannot be treated as independent\nvariables - there are complex linkages between them.\n\n\nThe causes for the displacement of the populations that become urban IDPs also vary\nacross genders, ages and ethnic groups. For example, certain individuals may seek\nphysical safety in urban areas, such as the children in danger of abduction in Ugandan\nrural IDP camps, or women at risk of sexual and gender based violence. Thousands of\nyoung men who lack employment opportunities in rural IDP camps have become urban\n\n\n11 The question as to weather a nomad can become an urban IDP is another definitional ambiguity. The\nexisting definition of an IDP would indeed include a nomad displaced to an urban area, since the\ndefinition of displacement is from a place of habitual residence. For example, nomads in Somalia\nhave been displaced from their land as a result of droughts, with some migrating to urban areas. This\nis a noteworthy, yet hitherto underreported dynamic of internal displacement in urban areas. A\nparallel issue, that this paper does not seek to address, is the sedentarization of nomads; a policy\nutilized by a number of governments to forcibly keep nomads in a single location. In a sense, these\ngroups are internally displaced from the lands that they are prevented from reaching if they so desire.\nThis is an issue with no clear consensus, but certainly seems to constitute an aspect of protection of\nIDPs that requires discussion and clarification.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IDPs in Baku, Azerbaijan to seek remunerated work. [12] This group thus holds urban\nIDP status as well as being _de facto_ economic migrants, frustrating attempts by most\ninternational aid agencies to distinguish between the two.\n\n\nIt is thus impracticable to try to define a single reason for urban forced displacement\nsince no urban IDP population is homogenous. Nonetheless, despite the complexities\nin attempting to compare the relative importance of causal factors amongst different\npopulation groups, it is possible to categorize a few broad themes and similarities\nbetween case studies.\n\n\n**Conflict and primary movements**\n\n\nOften the most immediate and visible cause of rural to urban forced migration is\nconflict. Global trends show a dramatic increase in societal conflict, with intrastate\nconflicts having been the most prevalent form of armed conflict between 1950 and\n2005. [13] The changing nature of warfare has resulted in millions of people being\ninternally displaced, as local battles spill over into civilian areas. In Liberia, the\ntangible threat of advancing rebels caused a mass influx of people into Monrovia, the\ncapital city, in 2003. Monrovia\u2019s IDP population of up to 200,000 people is composed\nof rural Liberians as well as those displaced from rural IDP camps. [14]\n\n\nSome urban IDP populations are the product of deliberate acts. There have been cases\nwhere military action has been instigated with the specific intent of displacing local\npopulations. This has been evident, for example, in the oil-rich areas of Southern\nSudan, where the agro-pastoral Nuer and Dinka people were displaced from their\ntraditional lands. [15]\n\n\nSecessionist movements have produced urban IDP populations, particularly in the\ncountries of Eastern Europe. Separatist conflict in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia\nand South Ossetia produced thousands of protracted urban IDPs in Georgia. According\nto the Ministry for Refugees and Accommodation (MRA) there are approximately\n247,000 IDPs in the country, the majority of whom live in the urban centres of Tbilisi,\nZugdidi and Kutaisi. [16] In Kosovo, the actions of the international community also\ncaused significant internal displacement. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization\n(NATO) bombing campaign and the subsequent arrival of international peacekeepers\nallowed the return of Kosovo Albanians, whilst many non-ethnic Albanians, mostly\nSerbians, were forced to flee to urban areas to escape violence.\n\n\n12 Asen Balikci, (2004). \u2018IDPs in Baku: A Qualitative Approach,\u2019 _Report prepared for World Bank_ .\n(University of Montreal, Canada), p. 3.\n13 Human Security Center, (2006). _Human Security Brief 2006_ . (University of British Colombia,\nCanada), p. 8.\n14 Damian Lilly, (2007). _Camp management in IDP Collective Centres: The development of best_\n_practice_ . (Camp Coordination Camp Management (CCCM) Cluster), p. 22. \u201cThere are no official\nfigures for how many IDPs occupied public buildings at this time, but according to local sources it\ncould have been as many as 150-200,000 people. There were 30,000 people congregated alone in the\nnational football stadium, which became an epicenter of the crisis.\u201d\n15 Human Rights Watch, (2003). _Sudan, Oil and Human Rights_ . Available at\n.\n16 Damian Lilly, (2007). _Camp management in IDP Collective Centres: The development of best_\n_practice_ . (Camp Coordination Camp Management (CCCM) Cluster), p. 34.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conflict and other types of movement**\n\n\nRural to urban forced displacement is sometimes a secondary internal displacement.\nPeople living in the rural IDP camps of Northern Uganda have been defined as among\nthe most vulnerable in the world because of the high frequency of murders, rapes and\nmutilations in the camps. [17] Every evening at dusk there used to be a mass exodus of\nchildren, who congregated in urban areas to try to prevent their abduction or\nrecruitment as child soldiers. Many other IDPs decided to leave the camps for urban\nareas, after having weighed up the relative safety of the two. The cities of Kampala and\nJinja now host large populations of urban IDPs that have fled from rural IDP camps. [18]\n\n\nTemporary urban IDPs became common in East Timor during 2006, when many\npeople travelled to sleep overnight in churches and schools in urban locations to escape\nthe violence, and returned to their villages during the daytime. Similarly, many\nNepalese have become transitory urban IDPs. They travel long distances to come down\nfrom the mountains to find safety overnight in villages and towns.\n\n\nCircular rural-to-urban forced displacement is found amongst the inhabitants of\nCasamance villages in Senegal. Residents of Boutoute have been displaced into\nZiguinchor town by rebel attacks on three occasions, returning after a few months\nwhen the situation is deemed safer. [19] A World Food Programme study of 2003 claimed\nthat there were more than 38,000 IDPs in the town. [20]\n\n\n**Intra-urban displacement**\n\n\nSomalia provides a good example of complex multiple urban displacements. Fighting\nwithin Mogadishu initially displaced thousands to other parts of the city. Many\nfamilies residing in urban IDP camps in Mogadishu have also been repeatedly\ndisplaced, for some, it is their second or third displacement in the capital. [21]\n\n\nUrban IDPs in Colombia, who make up more than half of all IDPs in the country, also\nexperience intra-urban displacement. According to the Project Counselling Service,\n\u201csocial and political leaders are regular targets of threats and intimidations, and an\nunprecedented number\u2026have been murdered during the past years (24 displaced\npeople were killed during 2003). The urbanization of war puts Cucuta\u2019s displaced\npopulation at huge risk, contributing to the increase in intra-urban displacement.\u201d [22]\n\n\n17 Sandra I. Sohne, (2006). _Coping with Displacement: The Case of Internally Displaced Persons in_\n_Jinja, Uganda_ . Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis, The Fletcher School.\n18 See the work of The Refugee Law Project (RLP) within the Faculty of Law of Makerere University in\nUganda. Numerous research and advocacy papers available at .\n19 Martin Evans, (2007). \u2018The Suffering is Too Great: Urban Internally Displaced Persons in the\nCasamance Conflict, Senegal,\u2019 _Journal of Refugee Studies_ 2007; 20: 60-85, p. 63.\n20 World Food Programme, (2004). _Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation - Senegal 10188.1: Post_\n_conflict Relief and Rehabilitation in the Casamance._ Projects for Executive Board Approval,\ndocument WFP/EB.3/2004/8-B/1, (Rome: World Food Programme).\n21 Integrated Regional Information Network for Central and Eastern Africa (IRIN \u2013 CEA), 27 April\n1999, _Somalia revisited - IRIN special report on Mogadishu_ (Part 1 of 2).\n22 Project Counselling Service (PCS), (2004). PCS Internal, April-May 2004-05-24. Available at\n.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Inter-urban displacement**\n\n\nInter-urban displacement is another complicated trend in urban IDPs\u2019 movement. The\nsearch for assistance often takes the urban internally displaced from town to town. In\nColombia, after having moved between several urban areas, the majority finally end up\nin the slums of Bogot\u00e1, Barranquilla, Medell\u00edn, Cali and Cartagena. [23]\n\n\nInternational inter-urban displacement is seen in several regions of Somalia, as\nreturning refugees choose to return to urban centres. This often takes place amongst\nurbanized returnees who fled rural areas to urban centres abroad, and would thus find it\ndifficult to reintegrate in their original agricultural community. For example, Hargeisa\ntown hosts about 60% of the Somali returnee population, most of whom repatriated\nspontaneously between 1991 and 1997. [24] Similarly, a large proportion of the millions\nof returning Afghan refugees have returned to Kabul. [25] This trend puts additional\npressure on already stretched services in urban areas, leaving returning refugees, urban\nIDPs and the urban poor in precarious situations.\n\n\n**Economic opportunities**\n\n\nIDPs housed in rural camps sometimes engage in secondary movements to urban areas\nto seek employment, which exemplifies the absence of a clear distinction between\nforced and voluntary economic migrants in urban IDP situations. The boundary is\nparticularly hazy in protracted IDP camp situations where livelihood opportunities are\nnegligible.\n\n\nIn Azerbaijan for example, although no immediate threat of violence is posed to rural\nIDP camp inhabitants, there is an acute scarcity of resources, lack of education and\nhealth care. The dearth of employment opportunities has prevented the majority of\nAzerbaijan\u2019s urban IDPs from becoming self-reliant and from finding a durable\nsolution to their plight. This has led to secondary migration to urban areas such as the\ncapital, Baku, to ensure the survival of IDP families and their livelihoods. Indeed, just\nover half of the IDPs in Azerbaijan are located in urban areas. [26] The dire living\nconditions in the rural IDP camps supports the argument that IDPs\u2019 secondary\nmovement is also a type of forced migration, and further contributes to the complex\nand overlapping dynamics of forced and voluntary economic migration of urban IDPs.\n\n\nIn other parts of the world, however, the reverse trend can be observed. Urban to rural\nsecondary forced displacement is evident amongst urban IDPs in the Casamance\nregion of Senegal. Many urban IDPs return sporadically to their rural land to engage in\nagricultural activities as a means of sustaining livelihoods, whilst continuing to reside\nin the city for safety and security.\n\n\n23 Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Desplazamiento (GTD), (2001). _Situation of displaced persons and challenges for_\n_2001_ . Available at .\n24 IGAD/UNDP/UNHCR, (June 2002). _Reintegration of Returnees and Displaced Persons in Somalia_\n_Planning and Assessment Process (Phase I)_, pp.22-23.\n25 DANIDA, (December 2004). _Preliminary Study of Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in_\n_Afghanistan_ . \u201cmuch of the influx into Kabul was of people who had returned from Pakistan and Iran\nand decided to go to the capital rather than first attempt to survive in their villages of origin\u201d, p. 32.\n26 See OHCHR, (1999). _Country Report Azerbaijan_, Representative of the Secretary-General on the\nhuman rights of internally displaced persons. _Azerbaijan E/CN.4/1999/79/Add.1,_ para 33.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Environmentally displaced persons**\n\n\nThe environmentally displaced form a group that is in danger of being left without\nprotection as their plight is tangled up with regular migration, voluntary environmental\nmigration, and climate change migration. The distinctions that need to be drawn are the\nactual causal links between the environmental factors and migration and the extent to\nwhich the migration is forced. This is a particularly complex task because of the\nmyriad factors that play a role in forced and indeed voluntary migration in the world\ntoday. The task is important, however, as a large proportion of environmentally\ninternally displaced persons become urban IDPs.\n\n\nThe very existence of environmentally displaced persons is not universally\nacknowledged. Indeed, a UNHCR Working Paper by Richard Black outlines his view\nthat the concept is a myth. [27] Black argues that other economic and political factors\nplay a role in these displacements. On the other hand, Norman Myers posits that\nenvironmental factors are forcing millions of people to flee their homes. He does not\nhold the view that environmental factors always lead directly to displacement,\nhowever. He suggests that environmental factors can cause political and ethnic\nconflicts, violence and war, resulting in forced displacement. [28] What is clear,\nnonetheless, is an emerging consensus that environmental factors at the very least\ncontribute to more direct causes of forced displacement, and thus are worthy of further\nresearch and clarification.\n\n\nAt present, the problem of definition exists in attempts to form a typology of\nenvironmentally displaced persons. Included in a 2008 IDMC Report are: natural\ndisasters, gradual environmental degradation, environmental conflicts, environmental\ndestruction, environment conservation, development projects and industrial\naccidents. [29]\n\n\nRecent examples of mass forced displacement as a direct result of environmental\nfactors are found across the globe. In Japan, the Kobe earthquake displaced 300,000\npeople and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, hurricane Katrina and\nthe tsunami in Sri Lanka all caused massive internal displacements.\n\n\nIn these cases, the role of the state is of utmost importance. A strong and efficient state\nshould, at least in theory, be able to deal with environmental problems and\nenvironmentally displaced persons. Another aspect of the problem thus emerges \u2013\nweak and/or corrupt states are not equipped to deal with the internally displaced, and\nthus require assistance from the international community. This in turn is closely linked\nto problems of underdevelopment and North-South relationships. [30]\n\n\n27 R. Black, (2001). \u2018Environmental Refugees: Myth or Reality?\u2019, _UNHCR Working Paper No. 34._\n(UNHCR: Geneva).\n28 N. Myers and J. Kent, (1995). _Environmental Exodus: An Emergent Crisis in the Global Arena_ .\n(Washington DC: Climate Institute).\n29 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, (2008). _Future floods of refugees: A Comment on climate_\n_change, conflict and forced migration_, p. 8. Available at\n.\n30 Stephen Castles, (2002). \u2018Environmental change and forced migration: making sense of the debate\u2019,\n_New Issues in Refugee Research, Paper No. 70_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 4.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Challenges facing urban IDPs**\n\n\nA mass influx of IDPs into an urban area places a significant burden on both the\nnational and international bodies responsible for providing protection and assistance to\nthe internally displaced. The difficult task of fulfilling the needs of new influxes of\nIDPs to urban areas is exacerbated by a lack of documentation and little or no accurate\ncensus data. Urban IDPs usually rely upon existing services that may be insufficient\neven for the local population. Moreover, the belief that urban IDPs are predominantly\nself-sufficient males not needing assistance further limits the wider services available\nto urban IDPs. In reality, the various subgroups of urban IDPs face a variety of\nchallenges to their safety and wellbeing.\n\n\n_Accommodation_\n\n\nFinding adequate accommodation is one of the most immediate, and often most poorly\nmet needs of the urban displaced. Urban IDPs are sometimes able to find shelter with\nfamily or friends in urban areas, but many others are forced to live in dire conditions in\nabandoned buildings. For example, in Baku, Azerbaijan, it has been documented that\n\u201cIDPs basically live on top of a cesspool.\u201d [31] In other places, urban IDPs are forced to\nbuild their own makeshift shelter in slums and shanty towns in urban or peri-urban\nareas. A recent report found that at the beginning of November 2004, over 80% of IDP\nfamilies in Khartoum were living in temporary shelters made out of plastic and paper\nand 90% were regularly flooded. [32]\n\n\n_Forced evictions_\n\n\nSecondary, or in some cases, tertiary forced displacement of urban IDPs occurs as a\ndirect result of forced evictions in urban areas. This often occurs in the slum areas that\nare inhabited by urban IDPs. Examples are to be found in Angola, Kenya, Sudan and\nZimbabwe. [33]\n\n\nIn Sudan, urban planning policies have led to the displacement of thousands of urban\nIDPs in and around Khartoum. [34] In August 2005, residents of Shikan camp were\nforcibly displaced to Fateh III. In 2004, more than 13,000 houses, schools and health\nfacilities were demolished, forcing thousands of urban IDPs to seek shelter in\ntemporary dwellings and creating a homelessness crisis in the capital.\n\n\nThe impact of forced evictions upon the lives of urban IDPs extends beyond the\nmanifest issue of accommodation and homelessness. Urban IDPs that are subject to\nmultiple displacements are exposed to physical danger during each displacement, as\nwell as suffering from the negative impact that the transition has upon established\nlivelihoods, social capital, education and health care.\n\n\n31 Asen Balikci, (2004). \u2018IDPs in Baku: A Qualitative Approach,\u2019 _Report prepared for World Bank_ .\n(University of Montreal, Canada), p. 6.\n32 F.A.R., IOM, IRC, Medair, MSF-F, OCHA, War Child, (19 January 2005). _Khartoum State_\n_Interagency Rapid Assessment Report_, p. 18.\n33 Amnesty International, (2006). _A Joint Appeal to African Ministers on urban housing_, AI Index: AFR\n32/002/2006.\n34 Agn\u00e8s de Geoffroy, (2007). From internal to international displacement in Sudan. Khartoum, 22nd to\n25th October, 2007.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Education_\n\n\nThe right to education is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yet\nin the case of many urban IDPs, the state bureaucracy has failed to provide adequate\neducation to IDPs. In Khartoum, teachers are scarce because they are paid so little and\nmany schools have been bulldozed by the government. [35] Urban IDP children are often\nkept out of schools because families cannot afford the fees, children\u2019s labour is critical\nto family survival and the children are needed at home to guard the shelter. In 2006\napproximately 48% of children of school age were not attending school in the\nKhartoum IDP camps. [36] Moreover, teachers in the Khartoum camps have complained\nof poor conditions with no desks or chairs, inadequate funding, lack of teaching\nmaterials and also of the fact that students often fainted in class because of a lack of\nfood. [37]\n\n\nSecondly, education is of primary importance in finding durable solutions to the plight\nof urban IDPs. Similarly to refugees, the education available to urban IDPs should\nideally be designed to provide the knowledge and skills necessary to facilitate a\nsmooth reintegration process if and when the urban displaced decide to return to their\nareas of origin. In the Khartoum camps, however, the limited education available to\nurban IDPs is Islamic-based and taught in Arabic. However, the majority of urban\nIDPs in Khartoum are the English-speaking Christian southern Sudanese. Thus, the\neducation this group receives will not promote return or integration in southern\nSudanese schools.\n\n\n_Food, health and nutrition_\n\n\nFood security is often a problem amongst IDP populations housed in rural camps and\nassisted by the local government and international agencies such as the World Food\nProgramme. For urban IDPs without such assistance, access to food can be even more\ninconsistent. For example, a 2005 report of urban IDPs in Khartoum found that \u201cless\nthan 10 per cent of school age children reported eating three meals per day.\u201d [38]\n\n\nMonrovia and its surrounds are today still host to thousands of urban IDPs, despite an\ninter-agency operation that has assisted over 326,990 IDPs to return to their places of\norigin. [39] The influx of IDPs has put immense pressure on the city\u2019s limited\ninfrastructure. In particular the dramatic population increase has worsened the dire\nsituation of waste management, resulting in widespread public health threats. \u201cThe\nheaps of garbage found in most parts of Monrovia continue to pose environmental and\n\n\n35 Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, (2006). _Education in Darfur: A critical_\n_component of humanitarian response_ . Available at <\nhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2006.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/ACIO-6WLCFKfull_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf>. p. 7.\n36 Ibid., p. 7.\n37 Gina Bekker, (2002). _Report on the Situation of IDPs and Refugees in Northern Sudan: Findings of an_\n_exploratory study, 6 September 2002 - 19 September 2002_ . (The American University in Cairo), p.\n22.\n38 F.A.R., IOM, IRC, Medair, MSF-F, OCHA, War Child, (19 January 2005). _Khartoum State_\n_Interagency Rapid Assessment Report_, pp. 24-5.\n39 UNHCR, (July 2007). _Real-time evaluation of UNHCR's IDP operation in Liberia_ . (UNHCR:\nGeneva), pp. 7 -10.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report of urban IDPs in Khartoum", - "confidence": 0.5607954263687134, - "start": 337, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8694206476211548, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Khartoum", - "confidence": 0.7042403221130371, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5748674869537354, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.9955228567123413, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8908909559249878, - "start": 317, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "health problems to the citizens as they are constantly exposed to communicable\ndiseases caused by the bio degradation of the waste.\u201d [40]\n\n\nIn Sudan, diarrhoea was the first cause of death among urban IDPs in Khartoum in\n2004 (37% of deaths). Moreover, crude mortality rates in the urban IDP camps in\nKhartoum city (Mayo and Soba Arradi) were close to the emergency threshold of\n1/10,000/day and 57% of households could not afford the cost of health care from the\nclinic. [41]\n\n\n_Women and children_\n\n\nWhilst it is difficult to provide accurate data on the age and gender of urban IDPs, it is\nrecognized that the regions of the world with major populations of urban IDPs have\nrelatively high fertility rates and young populations. Women and children thus\nconstitute a significant proportion of urban IDPs, who are particularly vulnerable and\nhave specific protection, health and education needs.\n\n\nThe dangerous situations that usually precede urban IDP settlement put women and\nchildren at heightened risk. During conflict, they are vulnerable to violence, rape and\nabduction. Whilst in transit, urban IDP women and children are exposed to exploitation\nand abuse, and having arrived in urban areas, women and girls can become the\nsystematic target of sexual violence.\n\n\nAlthough these are issues that also affect IDPs and refugees, urban IDPs are especially\nvulnerable. Concerns about reproductive health of urban IDPs are heightened as a\nresult of the poor sanitation conditions often seen in urban centres as a result of\nincreased pressure on existing infrastructure. The lack of income-generating activities\nfor urban internally displaced women places them in a vulnerable position, subject to\ndomestic violence or prostitution. Children are also vulnerable to similar threats.\n\n\n_Legal status and protection_\n\n\nHaving outlined some of the immediate vulnerabilities and material requirements of\nurban IDPs, it is crucial not to conceptualize their needs purely in terms of assistance.\nFirstly, not all urban IDPs are in need of assistance. Indeed, DFID has pointed out that\n\u201c[n]ot all displaced people are poor \u2013 although the great majority are \u2013 but their\ndislocation from physical, social, economic, financial and political capital makes them\nvulnerable.\u201d [42]\n\n\nFor many urban IDPs, it is their protection needs that are left unfulfilled. [43] The legal\nprotection available to urban IDPs is significantly less than for refugees, despite being\n\n\n40 International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR), (December 2006). _Youth employment and reintegration in Liberia_ . (ILO-UNHCR:\nGeneva), pp. 20-21.\n41 F.A.R. et al, (2005). p.21.\n42 Stephen Castles and Nicholas Van Hear, (2005). _Terms of Reference: Developing DFID\u2019s Policy_\n_Approach to Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Internally Displaced People_, (A Research Consultancy\nby the Refugee Studies Centre for the Conflict and Humanitarian Affairs Department, Department\nFor International Development -UK ), p. 153.\n43 Simon Bagshaw and Diane Paul, (2004). _Protect or Neglect: Toward a More Effective United Nations_\n_Approach to the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons_ (Washington, D.C.: Brookings-SAIS\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protected in theory by their national laws and assistance programs. Many governments\nin reality are unwilling to protect their internally displaced people, or lack the capacity\nto do so. Moreover, urban IDPs are especially vulnerable because of their invisibility\nto national and international systems of protection.\n\n\nLack of documentation is often a problem for the urban internally displaced. Official\ndocumentation is frequently lost or destroyed fleeing emergency situations, or during\nsubsequent displacements. In Sri Lanka it is estimated that more than 70 percent of\nsurvivors of the tsunami of December 2004 lost their documentation. [44]\n\n\nUrban IDPs without documentation can be denied access to health care, education and\nother social services. For example, IDPs in Georgia have faced restrictions on their\nright to vote [45] and IDP children in Nepal have been prevented from registering at\nschool due to a lack of documentation. [46] This highlights the fundamental importance\nof protection, as deficiencies can preclude the attainment of material needs as well as\nlonger term durable solutions to the plight of urban IDPs.\n\n\nThe Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement provide an important legal\nframework for the protection of IDPs. The guidelines do not, however, sufficiently\naddress the specific needs of urban IDPs, as their focus is on rural, camp-based IDPs.\nMoreover, the Principles are, in strict legal terms, not binding upon states. Thus, the\nresponses of national governments and international aid agencies remain crucial to\nsecuring the status and protection of urban IDPs.\n\n\n**When does internal displacement end?**\n\n\nThe subject of when internal displacement ends was addressed in a 2003 special issue\nof Forced Migration Review. [47] Firstly, lack of clarity in determining the end of internal\ndisplacement makes definitions difficult. Accurate statistics cannot be obtained when it\nis not clear who to count and for how long, making programming and budgeting\nimpossible for international agencies such as UNHCR. The end of internal\ndisplacement for _urban_ IDPs is even more difficult to define, since durable solutions\nare no more visible than the displacement itself.\n\n\nSecondly, asking this question is useful for understanding the decisions that terminate\nnational and international assistance on the ground and for knowing when and how\n\n\nProject on Internal Displacement and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\nInter-Agency Internal Displacement Division).\n44 OHCHR, (2005). _Protection of Internally Displaced Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters_, A\nWorking Visit to Asia by the Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Human\nRights of Internally Displaced Persons Walter K\u00e4lin, 27 February to 5 March 2005. (OHCHR:\nGeneva), pp. 19-20.\n45 Erin Mooney and Balkees Jarrah, (2005). \u2018Safeguarding IDP Voting Rights\u2019, _Forced Migration_\n_Review23_ (May 2005), p. 55 and also Erin Mooney and Balkees Jarrah, _The Voting Rights of_\n_Internally Displaced Persons: The OSCE Region_ (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution,\nNovember 2004).\n46 OHCHR, (2005). _Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of_\n_Internally Displaced Persons: Mission to Nepal_, April 2005. (OHCHR: Geneva).\n47 Erin Mooney concisely enumerates this question\u2019s timeliness and significance - Erin Mooney, (2003).\n\u2018Introduction\u2019, _Forced Migration Review 17_, (April 2003). p. 5-6.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "assistance should shift towards a more holistic approach. Most importantly, urban IDPs\ndeserve to be fully apprised of the legal and physical aspects of their entitlements.\n\n\nAlthough there are numerous ways to define when internal displacement ends, there\ncurrently exists no real consensus. What is accepted, however, is the importance of\nending internal displacement by shifting the focus from emergency assistance to\ncreating real and lasting solutions for urban IDPs.\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR, the durable solutions available to urban IDPs are: voluntary\nreturn to the place of origin, local settlement in the areas to which they have been\ndisplaced, and voluntary relocation to another part of their own country. [48] The\npreferred durable solution is when the original causes of the displacement are removed\nand urban IDPs can return safely to their original dwelling places, taking up their\nformer livelihoods. This is becoming an increasingly rare resolution for urban IDPs,\nhowever.\n\n\nThe intractable and protracted conflicts that pervade modern society today are not\nconducive to this solution. Even in cases where a protracted conflict is brought to a\nclose, extended displacement weakens prospects for return and reintegration.\nReturning urban IDPs may find their homes and communities destroyed or inhabited\nby other residents, may find livelihoods destroyed, and have little or no incomegenerating prospects without access to land. Social reintegration can also be\nchallenging following a prolonged urban displacement. Especially affected are young\npeople, who may have lost years of education, become assimilated in their region of\ndisplacement and thus find it difficult to reintegrate in areas of return.\n\n\nWhen return and reintegration is not a viable solution, it is thus crucial to look to the\nother two durable solutions to end the plight of internally displaced persons in urban\nareas. These solutions provide opportunities for urban IDPs to integrate in the places\nwhere they are or to help them to find alternative places to live and work. Even in\ncases where urban IDPs may eventually return home, there is no reason for them to\nremain \u2018in limbo\u2019 whilst displaced in urban areas. It is crucial to access the urban\ndisplaced and to provide them with opportunities and projects to improve their\nconditions and viability of self-sufficiency.\n\n\nIn some cases, IDPs may choose to leave the urban area they have been displaced to\nfor a third location. Many resettle in other urban locations because they lack the skills\nnecessary to work as farmers after years of living in towns or cities. Others have little\ninterest in returning to the agro-pastoralist lifestyle, which is especially true for youth.\nUrban migration is a trend seen more and more amongst returning refugees and IDPs\nin general, in line with broader economic migration trends. Urban IDPs choosing to\nmove to another urban area may be able to best fulfill their needs in this way, and thus\nthis course of action should not be viewed as a failure of the traditional solution of\nvoluntary return.\n\n\nUrban IDPs may also choose to return to rural areas other than their home. In most\ncases, it must be recognized that rural relocation has rarely proved to be durable,\n\n48 UNHCR, (2007). _UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of an Enhanced Humanitarian Response to Situations of_\n_Internal Displacement. Policy Framework and Implementation Strategy_, 4 June 2007.\nEC/58/SC/CRP.18. Available at .\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "however. Large influxes of IDPs puts strain on existing local livelihoods, in turn\nexacerbating tensions between new arrivals and the local population. (e.g. Angola, Sri\nLanka, Uganda, Guatemala). [49]\n\n\nLivelihoods for urban IDPs are vital to their survival, since this group is only very\nrarely supported in food or shelter (compared to IDPs in rural camps). Some urban\nIDPs make a small income from informal activities such as retailing, house cleaning,\ntea selling, and alcohol brewing. Nonetheless, a 2004 assessment in Khartoum IDP\ncamps indicated that only 39% of the heads of households had a regular source of\nincome. [50]\n\n\nLocal integration may not always be a popular solution for governments seeking to\ncurb urbanization. [51] Moreover, extending or maintaining urban IDP populations living\nin terrible conditions in shanty towns on the outskirts of cities may not be beneficial to\nthe population. Thus, it is important to obtain accurate data about the urban IDP\npopulation\u2019s needs and wishes before decisions are taken about how best to find\ndurable solutions.\n\n\nIn any case, international assistance is essential to finding durable solutions to the\nplight of urban IDPs. Until the focus of international assistance to urban IDPs is shifted\ntowards long-term solutions, national governments will continue to rely upon these\nagencies to provide interim assistance that does not aim to, nor achieve an actual end to\ndisplacement in urban environments.\n\n\n**National responses**\n\n\nNational responses towards urban IDPs vary immensely. Clearly those countries with\nweak governments and poor urban infrastructure will be less well equipped to deal\nwith urban IDP populations. That being said, the world saw thousands of internally\ndisplaced persons in New Orleans left without sufficient assistance following the\neffects of hurricane Katrina. Evidently the plight of urban IDPs is not confined to the\ndeveloping world.\n\n\nIn Colombia, urban IDPs may register for government-provided emergency assistance,\nbut this is only available for a three-month period. After this time, IDPs are considered\nto have moved to a \u2018stabilization phase\u2019 and are not afforded any additional assistance.\nThe state has proved unable to provide either the protection needed to prevent initial\ndisplacement, or sufficient security within urban IDP settlements.\n\n\nIn addition to existing capacities and effectiveness of implementation of urban IDP\ninitiatives, there also exist other factors that affect the national response to urban IDPs.\nFirstly, the ethnicity of of urban IDPs can play a role in determining how they are\ntreated by their government.\n\n\n49 Patricia Weiss Fagen, (2003). \u2018Looking beyond emergency response,\u2019 _Forced Migration Review 17_,\nMay 2003, p. 19-20.\n50 F.A.R. et al, (2005). p. 16.\n51 See Alexandra Fielden, (2008). \u2018Local integration: capitalizing on the potential of a solution to\nprotracted refugee situations\u2019. _UNHCR Working Paper_ (UNHCR: Geneva).\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Political considerations have also affected national responses to the plight of urban\nIDPs. Government initiatives towards urban IDPs in Peru have focused upon curbing\nurbanization. Consequently, the single agency that deals with IDPs assists returnees\nand IDPs who agree to return to rural areas, but not IDPs in urban areas. Moreover, it\nhas even pressured some urban IDP communities to return to rural areas despite\nprecarious conditions. [52]\n\n\nUrban IDPs in Baku, Azerbaijan receive a monthly allowance of 25,000 manats and\ntheir power, gas and water is paid for by the state. [53] Although urban IDPs are provided\nassistance for their basic needs, they are afforded few wider opportunities. By deterring\nsolutions other than return, the government is able to promote claims over the disputed\nregion of Nagorno-Karabakh.\n\n\nSeveral countries with significant urban IDP populations \u2013 in particular Angola,\nLiberia, Peru and Turkey \u2013 have all made explicit references to the Principles in their\nofficial laws and initiatives for the internally displaced. Nonetheless, it must be\nrecognized that many states with significant urban IDP populations are unlikely to\npossess the capacity to provide these people with adequate protection and assistance,\nregardless of their recognition of the Guiding Principles. It is thus important for\ninternational organizations to aim to strengthen national instruments to allow\ngovernments to assume immediate and effective responsibility for its urban IDPs.\n\n\n**International responses**\n\n\nNational governments have the primary responsibility in the protection and assistance\nof its citizens and residents. When the state is unwilling or unable to fulfill its\nobligations, however, responsibility falls to the international community to protect\nthose in need. Internally displaced persons no longer fall between the gaps of\ninternational protection to the extent they used to. Several developments have\nencouraged and enabled the international community to play a bigger role in protecting\nand assisting IDPs. International attention on urban IDPs remains limited, however.\n\n\nIn 1992 the UN appointed Francis M. Deng as Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral on the issue of internal displacement, who was succeeded by Walter K\u00e4lin in\nSeptember 2004. The Representatives have undertaken numerous visits and reported\non the situation of IDPs in many countries hosting large urban IDP populations. [54] They\nhave thus been able to develop and disseminate a normative framework for protection\nand assistance of IDPs, raise the profile of IDPs on the international stage, and foster\nfurther research into the plight of IDPs globally.\n\n\nThe Special Representative was responsible for shaping the Guiding Principles on\nInternal Displacement. International and intergovernmental organizations have been\nvery positive towards the Principles. The African Union, ECOWAS, the\nIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the Organisation for Security\n\n\n52 M. Stavropoulou, (1998). \u2018Will Peru\u2019s displaced return?\u2019 in Cohen & Deng (eds.), (1998). _The_\n_forsaken people: Case studies of the internally displaced_, (Washington D.C.: The Brookings\nInstitution).\n53 Asen Balikci, (2004). \u2018IDPs in Baku: A Qualitative Approach,\u2019 _Report prepared for World Bank_ .\n(University of Montreal, Canada), p. 25.\n54 Reports available at .\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of\nEurope have all shown strong support. Furthermore, the United Nations has also called\non states to respect the Principles. [55]\n\n\nIt is the urban IDPs who have been largely ignored, however. Almost 70% of IDPs in\nthe south of Cote d\u2019Ivoire are found in the urban area of Abidjan. [56] In reference to this\nsituation, UNHCR recently acknowledged that \u201cthe fact that most IDPs are not in\ncamps has made their plight less visible to the humanitarian community and has made\nit more difficult to reach them and assess their situation.\u201d [57]\n\n\nSimilarly in Mogadishu, international humanitarian organizations have had very\nlimited access to urban IDPs as a result of serious outbreaks of violence in the city. In\naddition, the large proportion of urban IDPs who are housed with host families and\ntheir resulting social integration makes them almost completely invisible to\ninternational agencies. This dramatically hinders international attempts to help urban\nIDPs, and has on the whole resulted in urban IDPs being left to fend for themselves.\n\n\nIn the 1998 book _Masses in Flight_, Roberta Cohen and Francis Deng highlighted the\ndeficiencies of the international response to IDPs. [58] There has since been significant\nimprovement in inter-agency coordination, institutional responsibility and response to\nthe needs of IDPs, but still the plight of urban IDPs receives less attention than IDPs in\ncamps.\n\n\nInstitutional and international responses to IDPs have indeed been strengthened over\nthe past decade, with a collaborative approach allowing input from various UN\nagencies and NGOs working together and with governments. In 1997 the UN assigned\noverall responsibility to the Emergency Relief Coordinator, and soon afterwards IDPs\nwere also being monitored by the UN\u2019s Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). In\nJanuary 2002 OCHA established an Internal Displacement Unit, recently renamed the\nInternal Displacement Division.\n\n\nIn 2006, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (part of the Norwegian Refugee\nCouncil) began three pilot studies of urban IDPs in Sudan (Khartoum), Cote d\u2019Ivoire\n(Abidjan) and Colombia (Santa Maria). The research was designed to estimate the\nnumber of urban IDPs, identify the humanitarian needs and protection concerns of\nthese populations and generate concrete recommendations for improved intervention\non for urban IDPs. The final report should be disseminated in 2008.\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s role**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s involvement in IDP operations dates back to engagement in Sudan in 1972,\ndespite the fact that its original 1951 mandate makes no explicit reference to IDPs. The\n\n55 Walter K\u00e4lin, (2006). \u2018The future of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u2019, _Forced_\n_Migration Review Special Issue_ (December 2006), p. 5.\n56 Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Statistique et d'Economie Appliqu\u00e9e (ENSEA), (31 March 2006).\n_Enquete sur les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDIs) dans cinq d\u00e9partements de la Cote d'Ivoire_ .\n57 UNHCR, (23 March 2007). _Supplementary Appeal for C\u00f4te d'Ivoire: protection and assistance to_\n_internally displaced persons_, p. 4. Available at\n.\n58 Roberta Cohen and Francis Deng, (2001). _Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internally Displaced_\n_Persons_ . (Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C.).\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "principal criteria governing UNHCR\u2019s involvement with IDPs are set out in Resolution\n53/125 (December 1998). This resolution effectively extended the mandate of the\nagency in \u201cproviding humanitarian assistance and protection to internally displaced\npersons\u2026with the consent of the State concerned.\u201d In relation to IDP situations,\nUNHCR has made a commitment to act as \u2018cluster lead\u2019 in the areas of protection,\ncamp management and coordination and emergency shelter.\n\n\nBut the exact scope of UNHCR role with IDPs is debated; some organizations do not\nconsider the UNHCR engagement to be wide ranging enough, whereas others argue\nthat UNHCR should focus its efforts solely on refugees. UNHCR openly\nacknowledges its concern over whether or not donors will provide the necessary\nfunding to enable UNHCR and its partners to fulfill their responsibilities for both IDPs\nand refugees. [59] Moreover, it is impossible to know what slice of the pie will be given\nto urban IDPs, whose numbers and needs remain unidentified.\n\n\nDespite its evolving mandate, UNHCR has generally ignored urban IDPs. The agency\nhas recently undertaken a review of its urban refugee policy, although there exists no\nsuch initiative for urban IDPs. It is clear that the ability and readiness for UNHCR to\nprovide protection and assistance to urban IDPs has thus far been limited by political\nand physical capacities. Nonetheless, there still exists a real opportunity for UNHCR to\ntake the lead in the protection of urban IDPs.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nInternally displaced persons in urban environments often find themselves in very\nprecarious situations, with little or no hope for a durable solution to their plight.\nLimited information about urban IDP demographics, coping strategies and needs have\nhitherto prevented effective policy responses on both the national and international\nlevels. Furthermore, it is the invisibility of urban IDPs that reduces opportunities for\ntheir assistance.\n\n\nIt needs to be widely recognized and acknowledged by governments, international\nagencies and civil society that urban IDP populations are worthy of protection. Firstly,\nin terms of numbers, IDPs outnumber refugees two-to-one, but receive far less\ninternational attention.\n\n\nSecondly, urban IDPs have an important role to play in contributing to, and solidifying\npeace building, security and development, particularly in post-conflict situations. It is\nonly through their protection and by finding lasting long term solutions that this group\nwill be able to become self-reliant and productive citizens. It must of course be noted\nthat not all urban IDPs are in need of protection or assistance, and the needs of the\nurban poor, local hosts and national development strategies need all be taken into\naccount when designing and implementing initiatives for the urban displaced.\n\n\nThrough effective coordination, co-operation with governments and the beneficiaries\nthemselves, there is a significant opportunity to assist and protect the millions of urban\nIDPs currently scattered across at least 27 countries of the world. Advocacy will also\n\n\n59 UNHCR, (2007). _Internally Displaced Persons: Questions and Answers_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 13.\nAvailable at .\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "prove an important aspect in raising awareness about a population that has thus far\nbeen largely ignored.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6558543-c16f-3663-8013-57d540ebbe69/63CE71098C416943432575DF00319B5E-UNHCR_July2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_163/raw/doc_163_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_163/raw/doc_163_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0180a58d85ded1ed4922a35521dc063b103feada..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_163/raw/doc_163_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# ACCESS TO ENERGY: SAFEGUARDING REFUGEE WOMEN AND GIRLS\n\n_A comprehensive response to energy needs and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) within_\n_Ethiopia\u2019s refugee population_\n\n\nWorking to bring together a broad range of stakeholders committed to safeguarding refugees from\nprotection risks, a comprehensive multi-sector approach; to be prototyped in Ethiopia\u2019s Gambella\nRegion, aims to further access to energy solutions for cooking, and the adoption of coordinated\nmitigation and response interventions in instances of SGBV amongst the South Sudanese refugee\npopulation.\n\n\nIncidences of SGBV while searching for cooking fuel; including rape and physical assault, although underreported are assessed to disproportionately affect the female refugee population of around 211,000.\nSuch realities are impacted by a high instance of female headed households; a result of the separation\nof family members during displacement, the death of loved-ones as a result of conflict, with many\nhusbands and fathers opting to remain in South Sudan to safeguard family assets.\n\n\nWomen and children are also exposed to health risks, including respiratory infections from smoke\nproduced by inefficient stoves and the use of firewood as a source of cooking fuel. Children who collect\nfirewood, or stay at home alone to look after family members, are not afforded the opportunity to\nattend school. In certain instances, families are forced to sell a portion of their limited food rations, to\nbe able to afford cooking fuel. Such coping mechanisms can have serious consequences to their\nnutritional status.\n\n\nPrioritized interventions include: the expansion of community-driven mitigation measures; the\nstrengthening of health and psychosocial interventions to support SGBV survivors, together with the\ndelivery of fuel solutions within camps; the prioritization of in-kind support through voucher or cash\nmodalities; and the scaling of biogas and briquette production that supports livelihoods opportunities\nfor refugees and the host community\n\n\nMedium and long-term energy solutions will be based on the engagement of all relevant stakeholders,\nincluding the refugees and the host community, and the Regional authorities, taking into account\ncultural acceptability of different approaches, safety aspects, and scalability. A comprehensive study to\ninform the planned interventions is supporting the engagement of a national Energy and Environment\nWorking Group, to which all partners, in additional to existing humanitarian partners are invited.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6b29d05-b652-31c3-b7ab-6ecb371a736a/64744.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **The challenge**\n\nFirewood collection is a normal activity for refugee communities. Women and children carry the full\nburden of this activity. 72,618 households in Gambella are headed by refugee women. This is 86% of\nthe households in the region. Due to the remoteness of the locations where they must collect firewood,\nwomen are exposed to SGBV, namely rape and physical assault. These two types of SGBV accounted for\n61% of the reported cases in 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, the percentage increased to 74%.\n\n\nAccording to studies conducted in Gambella, one refugee household uses 7 kg of firewood per day. The\nregion hosts 84,679 households in camps. This means that 592,753 kg of firewood is used daily.\nConsidering an average in the weight of a tree to be 4,000 kg, 150 trees are cut per day. 54,750 trees in\na year. 100% of the refugee households are collecting firewood for cooking purposes.\n\n\nCompetition for forest resources is high among refugee households and host communities. This impacts\nlocal ecosystems and hinders peaceful co-existence. Moreover, collecting firewood can take up to six\nhours. During this time, many mothers have to leave their children unattended or at the care of their\neldest girls, who in turn are not able to attend school regularly.\n\n\nCurrently, energy provision is insignificant, with limited alternative energy provision for lighting (solar\nlanterns, lamps, street lights at only 32%), while interventions to address household energy needs\ncurrently being implemented lack scale. This include pilots on charcoal briquette production,\nenvironmental protection campaigns, woodlot rehabilitation and the provision of targeted fuel sources.\n\n# **The response**\n\n\nSafe access to fuel and energy is key to contribute to the wellbeing of refugee women and girls.\nMoreover, while it is fundamental to prevent SGBV, a safe access to energy sources for cooking further\ncontributes to preserve their nutrition and health, while ensuring children stay in school. For\nhumanitarian partners, working together with a broad range of actors, including the refugee\ncommunity; considering cultural acceptance, affordability, sustainability, and self-reliance. Interim\nsolutions are being defined, together with a longer-term approaches to ensure the regeneration and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|sustainable use of natural resources.|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Interim solutions **|**Long-term approach**|\n|
**1. Bio-fuels**
- Crops are available to produce charcoal
briquettes
- Briquettes can be made manually or with
machines
- Supports peaceful coexistence

**2. Biogas**
- Done with manure from cattle owned by
refugees or the host community

**3. Bio-ethanol**
- Locally produced from sugar factories|
**1. Woodlot development:**
- Reforestation
- Tree planting for domestic fuel
- Equitable natural resource management

**2. Connecting camps to electricity grids:**
- Integrating sustainable energy systems
- Providing household connections at low cost|\n\n\n\n**For further information, contact:** [Deribe Gurmu, gurmu@unhcr.org](mailto:gurmu@unhcr.org) [/ Gavin David White, whiteg@unhcr.org](mailto:whiteg@unhcr.org)\n\n\nEnergy and Environment Working Group Members include:\n\n[ **ARRA** ] [ **ANE** ] [ **ARDO** ] [ **DCA** ] [ **DRC** ] [ **GAIA** ] [ **NRC** ] [ **NRDEP** ] [ **OSD** ] [ **SEE** ] **[UNHCR]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6b29d05-b652-31c3-b7ab-6ecb371a736a/64744.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_164/raw/doc_164_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_164/raw/doc_164_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 81e0604b051dbffc024816611f4794fa418c4395..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_164/raw/doc_164_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,311 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** **Annual Report 2017**\n\n### Table of Contents\n\n1.Background .............................................................................................................................. 1\n\n\n2. Context ................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\n3. Main Trends ............................................................................................................................ 3\n\n\n4. Thematic Focus ....................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n5. Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# **1.Background**\n\nThis report provides information on incidents of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) reported by\nsurvivors in Jordan during 2017. The information was gathered with the consent of survivors who received\npsycho-social support (through the case management approach) by 5 organizations members of the GBV\nIMS Taskforce. The GBV IMS Task Force [1] is the body responsible for gathering, maintaining and analyzing\ndata related to SGBV, and for ensuring the security and protection of sensitive data concerning SGBV. The\nTask Force is also responsible for drafting reports, providing strategic directions to SGBV programs based\non identified gaps and trends.\n\n\nIt is important to highlight that the data and trends noted in this report are not representative of the\nprevalence of SGBV in Jordan (or among refugee populations) as these trends are based solely on incidents\nreported by survivors to the Data Gathering Organizations (DGOs) engaged in SGBV response and using\n\n\n1 The Gender-based violence Information management system (GBVIMS) Task Force members have signed an Information Sharing\nProtocol that defines roles and responsibilities and data protection procedures. The Taskforce is chaired by UNHCR and UNFPA with\nthe technical support of UNICEF _._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV", - "confidence": 0.5973668098449707, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7602909803390503, - "start": 790, - "end": 791 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Task Force", - "confidence": 0.8289610147476196, - "start": 755, - "end": 757 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9848067760467529, - "start": 800, - "end": 801 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.7035404443740845, - "start": 804, - "end": 806 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-based violence Information management system", - "confidence": 0.9344267845153809, - "start": 834, - "end": 839 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5086613893508911, - "start": 838, - "end": 839 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.986735463142395, - "start": 840, - "end": 841 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Task Force", - "confidence": 0.5978690385818481, - "start": 755, - "end": 757 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the GBVIMS in 2017. Hence, it is not advisable to use findings of GBVIMS as a proxy of the prevalence of\nSGBV in any settings or to use it in isolation to monitor the quality of programmatic interventions. Despite\nthe above limitations, the GBVIMS is considered as the highest quality SGBV incident data currently\navailable to the humanitarian actors, which can be used effectively for trends analysis and to improve\ncoordination of SGBV prevention and response.\n\n\nNumber of survivors assisted by members of the GBV IMS Task force in 2017 is steady in comparison with\n2016 data. [2] Outside camps, the cuts in cash assistance have had a direct impact on the ability of survivors\nto afford transportation to reach SGBV service providers. A peak in reported incidents was observed in\nJuly 2017. This coincides with SMS being sent to refugees informing them about upcoming cuts in cash\nassistance and subsequent rumors circulating within refugees\u2019 communities. This contributed to increase\ntensions within families and fuel intimate partner violence (in our context, this refers to violence\ncommitted mostly by husbands). Finally, it is important to note that 2017 marked a considerable increase\nin percentages of Jordanian survivors assisted by members of the GBV IMS task force (74% increase\ncompared to previous years). Although GBV IMS Task Force members work predominantly with Syrian\nrefugees, considerable efforts have been put in place in 2017 to ensure Jordanians are informed about\nservices available and supported. The percentage of Non-Syrian refugees assisted remains low, which\ndoes not indicate low prevalence of SGBV within\nthese communities but rather a need to increase\noutreach to share information about services\navailable as well as inclusion into SGBV\nprograms. Finally, it is important to underline\nthat majority of survivors reached services more\nthan one month after the incident (71.4% in 2017\ncompared to 58.1% in 2016), this indicates the\nneed to strengthen community based outreach\nefforts to inform refugees about services\navailable for survivors and importance of seeking\ntimely assistance in particular for survivors of\nsexual violence.\n\n# **2. Context**\n\n\nEight years into the Syria crisis, refugees remain in exile as their country continues to face a protracted\nconflict and an overwhelming humanitarian crisis. Jordanian-Syrian border remained closed in 2017, with\nfew exceptions mostly linked to medical interventions. As of 31 December 2017, the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recorded 655,624 registered Syrian refugees in Jordan, a number that\nhas remained consistent over the past three years, mainly due to the increased entry restrictions into the\nKingdom. Among the Syrian refugee population 25.7 % are women, 23.5 % are men, 24.7 % are girls and\n26% are boys. Women and girls represent more than half of the refugee population (50.5%).\n\n\nClose to 80% of registered refugees live outside the camps, primarily concentrated in urban and rural areas\nin the northern governorates of Jordan, with lesser populations in the southern governorates. The\nremaining Syrian refugees live in camps, mainly in Zaatari Camp (\u00b178,908), Azraq Camp (\u00b153,557) and the\nEmirati Jordanian Camp (\u00b17,087).\n\n\n2 Number of survivors assisted by members of the GBV IMS Task force in 2017 is slightly inferior to data of 2016. This is due to partner\ntransition in a different location in 2 [nd] half of 2017. It is also linked to efforts of Task Force members to improve data quality by ensuring\nthat data is only entered when collected in the context of SGBV service provision.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9983429908752441, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SGBV incident data", - "confidence": 0.6935884356498718, - "start": 54, - "end": 57 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Task force", - "confidence": 0.8594518899917603, - "start": 90, - "end": 94 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.523395836353302, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9457454681396484, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5170848369598389, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jordan also hosts refugee population from other countries. The war and dire humanitarian situations in\nYemen has contributed to increase number of Yemeni new arrivals in 2017, bringing the total number of\nYemenis registered with UNHCR to 9,447. They are to be added to the multiple other refugee populations\nthat Jordan hosts, including 65,922 Iraqis, and more than 6,450 from Sudan, Somalia, and other countries.\n\n\nDespite some positive policy changes, such as the cancellation of the work permit costs and other legal\namendments, formalization of work is not increasing as fast as anticipated, and few new job opportunities\nare being created for Syrian refugees. While Syrian refugees can obtain a work permit through cooperatives\nor a trade union in the agriculture and construction sectors, they are still dependent on a\n\u201csponsor\u201d/employer in other sectors and decent work conditions remain a problem. Most importantly,\nrestrictions in work sectors opened to foreigners exclude refugees from high-skilled and semi-skilled\nemployment, leaving many to work in the informal market or remaining unemployed. For women,\nconstraints are exacerbated by a lack of safe transportation to the workplace, disproportionate\nresponsibility for unpaid care and domestic work, and a perceived lack of culturally appropriate\nemployment opportunities. Only 4 % of work permits have been issued to Syrian women. On the other\nhand, non-Syrian refugees are simply not allowed to access the formal job market in Jordan and are\ncompelled to engage in informal work, leading them to constantly fear being arrested by the authorities.\n\n\nThe significant influx of refugees over the last seven years has had an impact on the capacity of national\nservices and there is a need for continuous humanitarian assistance to complement national efforts. While\nprogress has been made to improve the legal status of Syrian refugees in Jordan, many barriers prevent\naccess to economic opportunities, quality education and essential services and subsequently hampers the\nfulfilment of their rights, exacerbate their vulnerability and contribute to heightened protection risks\nincluding SGBV.\n\n# **3. Main trends**\n\n\n**a)** **Sex and age of SGBV survivors**\n\n\nDuring 2017, 95% of survivors assisted by data\ngathering organizations were female, this is in\nline with global SGBV trends highlighting that\nwomen and girls are disproportionally\naffected by SGBV. This trend has been\nconsistent during the last 3 years.\n\n\nLow percentage of boy survivors can be\nexplained by the fact that most of those who\nseek help are supported by child protection actors who are not part of the GBV IMS Task Force.\nAdditionally, the fear of stigma also prevents boys from coming forward. Although men generally face less\nrisks associated with gender based violence, slow percentages of men survivors assisted in 2017 indicate\na need to strengthen the provision of services for men survivors as well as enhance outreach to men so\nas to ensure they are informed about services. Gay and bisexual men are at heightened risks of SGBV\n(further details under thematic section). In this context, it is important to underline that the establishment\nor strengthening of services for male survivors shouldn\u2019t affect service provision for women and girls:\nfunding for Safe spaces for women and girls should be maintained while additional funding should be\nsought for interventions for men survivors. [3] Furthermore, it is recommended to develop an evidence base\n\n3 Services for men survivors shouldn\u2019t be provided in Safe spaces for women and girls as these spaces are known within communities\nas being for women and girls and serving men survivors there could lead to further stigmatization. Community centers equipped with\nsafe and confidential counselling spaces would be considered as a recommended practice in this context.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "for the drivers and impacts of different forms of violence against males; that can help inform good practice\nin prevention and social and psychological response. For example working closely with the MHPSS working\ngroup would be essential in particular on sexual violence in detention as form of torture. Gender Based\nViolence happens more to women and girls because it is a manifestation of historically unequal power\nrelations between men and women, which have led to the domination over and discrimination against\nwomen by men. GBV IMS taskforce member are committed to maintain specialized focused services to\nwomen and girls.\n\n\n**b)** **Types of Sexual and Gender Based Violence**\n\n\nThe GBVIMS categorizes SGBV into six broad categories: rape, sexual assault, physical assault, forced\nmarriage, denial of resources/opportunities/services, and psychological/emotional abuse [4] . In line with\n\nprevious two years, the main types of SGBV\nreported were psychological abuse (44%),\nphysical assault (25.3%) and forced\nmarriage including child marriage (18.2%).\nPsychological/emotional abuse mostly\nhappened in the form of humiliation and\nconfinement by intimate partner (in our\ncontext, essentially husbands). In addition,\nthis category also included incidents of\nverbal sexual harassment which although\nwidespread in Jordan are often underreported as they are normalized. Physical\nviolence was also mostly perpetrated by intimate partners and took the form of beatings, slapping, and\nkicking among other types of violence. It is important to underline that physical assault has severe\nconsequences on survivors and may result in the death of the survivors. Forced marriage is the third most\nreported type of SGBV. [5] It includes mostly child marriages predominantly affecting girls of 15-17 years\nold. A detailed analysis on child marriages in Jordan can be found in the thematic section below. Denial of\nresources is often under-reported as not perceived by survivors as a form of violence. This was reported\nmostly by women and often in the context of intimate partner violence whereby husbands would use\nfinancial assistance for their own personal needs although assistance was meant to benefit the whole\nfamily including the survivor.\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some of the most severe forms of SGBV with life-threatening\nconsequences yet they are the most under-reported forms of violence. In 2017 only 6.1% of cases reported\nwere rape or sexual violence. Although this is an increase compared with 2016 when only 3.6% of survivors\nreported rape and sexual assault; the percentages pertaining to sexual violence remain low since the\nestablishment of GBVIMS Task Force in 2014. In Jordan, the stigma associated with seeking help when\nsubjected to sexual violence constitute a major barrier for survivors to come forward. In addition,\nmandatory reporting requirements in Jordanian law prevent survivors who do not wish to file complaints\nfrom seeking much needed assistance (in particular medical assistance).\n\n\n_4 For details on the case definition of each category please refer to the Gender Based Violence classification tool accessible at:_\n_[http://gbvims.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Annex-B-Classification-Tool.pdf](http://gbvims.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Annex-B-Classification-Tool.pdf)_\n5 Longitudinal analyses show a decrease in forced marriage reported, instead of showing a different trend this is due to an\nimprovement in data quality. During 2016 30.2% of survivors assisted by data gathering organization reported forced marriage, against\n18.2% in 2017. It has to be noted that the difference is related to an improvement in data collection, as members of the GBV IMS task\nforce ensured this year that only data pertaining to survivors seeking SGBV services is entered in the system (as per global GBV IMS\nguidance).\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "To deepen the analysis, it is important to take into account\nage and gender. As indicated in attached chart, the main\nSGBV type faced by girls assisted by the GBV IMS Task Force\nmembers is child marriage (69.2%), followed by physical\nassault and emotional abuse. Detailed analysis on child\nmarriage is available below under thematic section.\nWomen on the other hand have reported being mostly\naffected by emotional abuse (52.8%) and physical assault\n(29.1%), this mostly took place in the context of intimate\npartner violence, see further details under thematic section.\nBoys are particularly affected by sexual violence (33.6%) and\nmen are mostly reporting emotional abuse (56.1%), often in\nthe context of threats of sexual violence in detention as well\nas discrimination and insults against\ngay/bisexual/transgender refugees.\nThe chart below clearly shows that women and girls are disproportionally affected by the different types of\nSGBV.\n\n**c) Service Provision**\n\n\nIn the course of recording a report of an SGBV incident and undertaking case management, one of the key\nroles of data gathering organizations is to identify any needs for further services and ensure that survivors\nreceive necessary support, either through referral to other specialized services or direct provision by the\nsame service provider. In 2017, data shows an increase of percentage of survivors declining referrals to\nother services while at the same time showing a decrease in percentage of survivors receiving services\ndirectly (except for livelihood where there is a minimal increase and psycho-social support where there\nis an increase of around 10%). Percentage of survivors referred to services remained stable for health and\nlegal while a decrease was noticed for security, livelihood and psycho-social services. Percentages of\nsurvivors who were unable to access a service due to its unavailability remained stable compared to 2016.\nHealth services provided to survivors directly by data gathering organizations decreased of 5.8% between\n2016 and 2017, and an increased percentage of survivors also declined referrals to other health services.\nSurvivors decline referrals to health services ought of fear of mandatory reporting (which is particularly\nstrict for medical staff). **Health services** are not automatically available for free to all SGBV survivors\nwhich might contribute to survivors declining referrals too. It is important to note here that clinical\nmanagement of rape services are available in the camps and in Amman but gaps remain in other urban\nlocations; reproductive health service providers should urgently establish free clinical management of\nrape services in urban areas outside of Amman. Advocacy to restrict mandatory reporting requirements\nonly to child survivors is needed as well as advocacy with health actors to ensure access to free health\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health services", - "confidence": 0.5049280524253845, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6800466775894165, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9558948278427124, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SGBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.8711263537406921, - "start": 422, - "end": 424 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "care to all SGBV survivors (for health concerns\nrelated to SGBV).\n\n\n**Legal Assistance and security services** remain\nsome of the most sensitive areas of service\nprovision, as majority of survivors decline\nreferrals. If we compare 2016 and 2017, we can\nnotice an increase of 6.2% in percentage of\nsurvivors declining referrals to legal as well as an\nincrease of 13% in percentage of survivors\ndeclining referrals to security services. In 2017,\n78.1% of survivors declined referrals to legal\nservices while 87% declined referrals to security\nservices. Survivors have expressed fears of\nretaliation if seeking legal or police assistance as\nwell as fear of stigma due to lack of\nconfidentiality and lack of survivor-centred\napproach within law enforcement actors (victim\nblaming, perpetrators asked to sign pledges\ninstead of serving jail terms). The legal system\ndoes not encourage survivors to come forward as\nspecific types of SGBV are not being criminalized\n(such as marital rape) or punishments too\nlenient). In addition, instead of ordering jail terms\nfor potential perpetrators of honor killing, law\nenforcement authorities place women at risk of\nhonor killing in detention centres for their own\n\u201cprotection\u201d. Finally, the Crime Prevention Law\ngives considerable powers to Governors, allowing\nthem to place in administrative detention anyone\nwho is perceived as posing a threat to national\nsecurity. In practice, Governors have placed in\nadministrative detention women who were seen\nas not complying with gender norms (such as\nwomen who are engaging in survival sex or\nwomen having relationship without being\nmarried).\n\n\nSurvivors might also be undecided about legal\nservices at the beginning of the case\nmanagement process and might actually request\nthem later on. It is important to take into account\nthat a considerable number of survivors\napproach directly legal service providers which is\nnot captured by GBV IMS data (this might be explained by survivors experiencing different levels of fear\nand type of safety concerns).\n\n\nSurvivors also generally decline referrals to safe shelter options. To the exception of an NGO run safe\nshelter, other safe shelters in Jordan are run by the Jordanian Government and have strict entry criteria.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The latter are accessible only to adult female survivors of family violence who are willing to involve the\nFamily Protection Department into their case while survivors with male children above 5 are not\naccepted [6] . Most survivors and in particular the ones who are not at imminent risk of abuse would benefit\nfrom being provided with alternatives to institutionalization; such as through provision of monthly\nprotection cash allowing survivors to cover rent and other urgent needs. It is thus recommended to\nintegrate cash for protection components into SGBV case management programs, and donor support for\nsuch projects should be prioritized.\n\nRegarding **livelihoods**, although Jordan committed at the global level to facilitate access to employment for\nSyrian refugees, this has not resulted on the ground into major changes for refugee women and SGBV\nsurvivors. Opportunities for legal work that are aligned with the needs of Syrian refugee women continue\nto be very limited. Of all services, livelihoods shows the largest gap in service availability, with more than\n9.3% of survivors unable to access livelihood services due to unavailability of such services. 39.9% of\nsurvivors declined referrals to livelihood in 2017, livelihood services being generally difficult to access for\nsurvivors. The lack of day care for children of survivors as well as lack of safe transportation options (risks\nof sexual harassment in public transport) are prompting survivors to decline services. Additionally, gender\nnorms on access to work for women also push female survivors not to engage in work opportunities outside\nof their home (legal restrictions have also been placed on the establishment of home based businesses in\n2017). Finally, it has been noticed that in some refugee household, the sudden employment of women who\ndid not work previously due to cultural norms, might be perceived as a threat to male domination, which\nmight in turn lead to increase risks of intimate partner violence. Gender discussions groups [7 ] have been\nrecognized by the GBV IMS Task Force as a good practice. Risk mitigation measures should be implemented\nurgently in livelihood programs to ensure a safe and effective access to services for women and groups at\nheightened risk of SGBV. In addition, the GBV IMS Task Force believes it is essential to further develop\nwomen economic empowerment activities, including for girls above 15 years old.\n\n\nCash based interventions aiming at covering basic needs are not always available to survivors and lack\nflexibility in terms of amounts to meet the needs of survivors. Survivors who needed urgent cash\nassistance often were unable to receive it on the spot and might have to undergo multiple interviews\nbefore being able to receive cash. This is because most data gathering organizations have not embedded\ntailored cash based interventions into their SGBV case management programs, forcing them to refer\nsurvivors to cash based interventions designed to cover basic needs. Survivors who were provided with\nmonthly cash based interventions to cover basic needs often reported that the amount was not enough\nto help mitigate risks of SGBV.\n\n\n**Psycho-social services** remain the most available services for survivors throughout the country (gaps\nidentified in specific underserved urban locations as well as remote locations), and is the most common\nservice provided (mostly through case management approach). Data shared by DGO\u2019s is based on\ninformation collected with survivors during psycho-social service provision, thus data on psycho-social\nservice provision has to be understood within this context.\n\n\nReferral pathways are an essential part of the response to SGBV, establishing connection between survivors\nin need and the services they require. Although it is clear from the above information on referrals done by\nSGBV partners that the mechanism is strong and moving in a positive direction, referrals from other\nproviders to SGBV providers remain weak. Nearly 70% of survivors approaching SGBV service providers did\nso through self-referrals which require survivors to already be aware of service availability and to take steps\non their own to approach the service providers. This further underlines the need for SGBV safe referrals\ntraining for non-specialized frontline workers (including refugee volunteers) as well as the need to improve\n\n\n6 Exceptions might be granted on a case by case basis for boys up to 7 years old.\n7 Gender discussion groups bring together male and female relatives to sensitize them on gender equality and importance of decision\n[making processes based on respect and equality within families. For more resources: https://gbvresponders.org/resources/](https://gbvresponders.org/resources/)\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on psycho-social\nservice provision", - "confidence": 0.6073405742645264, - "start": 612, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DGO\u2019s", - "confidence": 0.7202659249305725, - "start": 596, - "end": 599 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9346696734428406, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dissemination of the referral pathway generally. Additionally, a new campaign is needed to inform\ncommunities about SGBV services.\n\n# **4. Thematic Focus**\n\n\n**a.** **Child marriage**\n\n\nThe majority of child\nmarriages occurred in\nJordan (Jordanian-Syrian\nborder remained closed since 2016, thus most survivors coming forward had been in Jordan prior to 2017).\nAccording to GBV IMS data which have been consistent for the last 3 years, this is the main form of GBV\naffecting adolescent girls. Child marriage has mostly affected Syrian refugee girls between the ages of 15\nand 17, although some girls were also married by Sheikhs before they turned 15 years old. The legal\nframework in Jordan allows children between 15 and 17 years old to marry under exceptional\ncircumstances; in practice, judges often allow these marriages. Marriages of girls below 15 years of age are\nillegal; however, judges can issue an exceptional marriage document if the child is pregnant to allow birth\nregistration of newborn.\n\n\nProlonged crisis and worsening socio-economic situation for Syrian refugees\u2019 families in Jordan forces many\nfamilies to resort to child marriage as a negative coping mechanism; girls being perceived as an economic\nburden to the family. Child marriages were a common harmful traditional practice in Syria prior to the\nconflict, especially in rural areas in the southern, eastern and northern areas, including Daraa which is where\nthe majority of refugees in Jordan originate from. As per social norms, in order to be considered as a\nsuccessful girl and later on woman within society, one has to obtain a marriage with a man from a respected\nfamily. In this context, education for girls is not valued as much as marriage to secure a respected place\nwithin the community and many girls consider that getting married and having children are the main goals\nin their life. Refugee families and girls themselves also perceive that it would be more difficult to find a\nhusband once girls turn 18 years old. Additionally, access to education for girls is hampered by fears that\ngirls might be sexually harassed on the way to or at school. Finally, some families decide to marry their\nadolescent daughters to preserve the family \u201chonor\u201d as they are concerned that girls might engage in extramarital relationships. Families believe that actual or perceived extra-marital relationships would bring\nshame to their families. Girls are also at risk of forced marriage or honor killing if their families find out\nabout extra-marital relationship.\n\n\nThe lack of empowerment activities and vocational training, future employment opportunities for girls\nabove 15 years old also indirectly contribute to fueling child marriage as girls do not have sustainable and\nconcrete alternatives to marriage.\n\n\nChild marriage has devastating consequences on girls: many are forced to give up their education and are\nsubjected to early pregnancy which increases risks of maternal and child mortality as well as to intimate\npartner violence (particularly within couples where age difference is significant). Once married, social norms\nprevent child spouse to attend school.\n\n\n**b.** **Intimate partner violence**\nIntimate partners\u2019 violence is one of the main context in which SGBV occurs as per reports shared by\nsurvivors in Jordan (72.9%). The table below further shows that intimate partners were the main\nperpetrators of SGBV in Jordan (58.7%).\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Intimate partner violence is normalized by social norms which give more power to husbands within family\ndynamics. Other contributing factors related to financial constraints, prolonged displacement situation\nand impunity are exacerbating this type violence.\nAs indicated above, cuts in monthly financial assistance in 2017 contributed to increase tensions within\nfamilies and fuel intimate partner violence. Additionally, it has been reported that the amount given to\nfamilies is too little to cover their basic needs and discussion on its allocation between spouses led to\ntensions and at times violence. Additionally, Syrian refugee male face difficulties in finding jobs on the\nformal market and fear being arrested when working informally. This also contributed to increase tensions\nwithin families and has led to intimate partner violence against female spouse (tensions were particularly\nhigh in families living in urban areas without authorization). In some families, the fear of arrest was so high\nthat spouses decided that the wives would work instead of their husband as it is perceived that risks of\narrest are lower for women. For families in which women did not traditionally work that has also\ncontributed to increase tensions as intimate partners felt weak and frustrated which prompted them to\nsubject their female spouse to emotional or physical violence as a way to re-ascertain their power. It has\nalso been highlighted that tensions within families caring for adults or children with disabilities were on the\nrise which at times led to violence by husbands on their wives. Overcrowded housing conditions have also\nbeen mentioned as a contributing factor.\n\n\n**c.** **Sexual violence**\nAs per the GBV IMS, sexual violence is composed of two SGBV types: rape [8] and sexual assault [9] .\nSexual violence is one of the most severe form of SGBV, yet due to severe social stigma it is often not\nreported. Longitudinal\nanalysis shows that survivors\nseeking help for sexual\nviolence have been\nconstantly low compared to\nthe other forms of GBV.\nDuring 2014, 8.4% of\nsurvivors reported sexual assault and rape, during 2015 and 2016 the number of reported cases reduced to\n5.9% and 3.6% respectively. In 2017 the number of reported cases increased to 6.1% but remains low, with\nonly 1.4% of rape cases. A focus on group more at risks show the intersectionality of gender and age in\ncompounding risks of sexual violence. In 2017, women and girls were overwhelmingly affected by sexual\nviolence: 70% of rape cases were reported by women and girls, going up to 76.9% for sexual assault. Girls\nare particularly at risk of rape or sexual assault by male relatives. This form of GBV is particularly severe for\ngirls, not only for the immediate health and psychological consequences but also in terms of social impact.\nBecause of the value of virginity in society, adolescent girls\u2019 survivors risk being marginalized, and will be\nperceived as a shame by their family. Girls\u2019 survivors might be at risk of honor killing and face difficulties\ngetting married later on. Girls are also at risk of sexual exploitation through multiple marriages to different\n\n\n8 According to the standard definition used in GBV IMS, rape is non-consensual penetration (however slight) of the vagina, anus or\nmouth with a penis or other body part. Also includes penetration of the vagina or anus with an object.\n9 Sexual assault is any form of non-consensual sexual contact that does not result in or include penetration. Examples include:\nattempted rape, as well as unwanted kissing, fondling, or touching of genitalia and buttocks.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "men within a short timeframe or being forced by their \u201chusband\u201d to have sex with other men in exchange\nfor money. Adolescent girls are at risk of sexual violence at home by relatives but also in public spaces,\nespecially on the way to school.\nBoys who were subjected to sexual violence reported mostly neighbors, sport coaches, employers and older\nboys as perpetrators.\nAdult male survivors reported mostly being subjected to sexual violence in detention in Syria or during flight\nwhen being attacked by armed groups (Syria and other countries of origin such as Somalia and Sudan).\nWomen on the other hand were subjected to various forms of sexual violence including marital rape and\nsexual exploitation (through organized network, in the context of survival sex, by humanitarian staff or by\nlandlords). Forced cybersex has been identified as new emerging form of sexual assault.\n\n\nWomen and girls faced risks of sexual harassment in all public spaces, the following places have been\nindicated as particular risk points: crowded ATMs/ cash collection points, schools, markets, distribution\nareas, isolated areas in the camps, and police stations. Phone sexual harassment has been reported as a\nparticular concern (perpetrator include unknown men as well as humanitarian and non-humanitarian\nservice providers).\n\n\n**d.** **LGBTI refugees**\nLGBTI refugees in Jordan are at heightened risk of gender based violence while being most often unable to\nseek protection from the Jordanian authorities due to fear of being themselves arrested by the police on\nthe basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Threats of honor killings and overall physical and\nemotional violence emanating from family members is one of the main concern of LGBTI refugees in Jordan.\nReligious leaders often contribute to the violence by attempting to force the person to comply with\ntraditional gender roles, while some mental health professionals use \u201cconversion therapies\u201d which are a\nsevere form of emotional violence. Intersex children are particularly at risk of forced surgeries [10] as well as\nemotional and physical violence. LGBTI refugees face discrimination on the job market or while trying to\nfind accommodation both on the basis of their diverse sex, sexual orientation or gender identity but also\non the basis of their refugee status. This increases risks of resorting to negative coping mechanisms such as\nsurvival sex. Impunity for crimes committed against LGBTI refugees further contributes to the pervasive\ncycle of violence.\nGBV IMS Task Force acknowledges the findings of the SGBV SWG 2017/2018 gap analysis and further\nrecommends to strengthen case management services for LGBTI refugees as well as empowerment\nactivities and tailored cash interventions to mitigate risks faced by LGBTI refugees in Jordan.\n\n# **5. Recommendations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommendation|Responsible|Timeline|\n|---|---|---|\n|Develop messages to advocate with national authorities for the enhanced respect
of the survivor-centered approach within law enforcement authorities and for
lifting legal mandatory reporting requirements for adult survivors of SGBV.|SGBV WG|Mid-year|\n|SGBV WG to issue one pager guidance on mandatory reporting requirements for
humanitarian actors to ensure enhanced respect for survivors\u2019 wishes.|SGBV SWG Co-
chairs-
UNHCR
legal unit|Mid-year|\n|Strengthen awareness and outreach efforts through community based approach
to disseminate information on availability of compassionate and confidential SGBV
case management services and clinical management of rape services.
|SGBV Actors|Mid-year|\n\n\n\n10 At per global standards, it is essential to ensure that intersex persons are able to provide consent for such surgery and thus parents\nshouldn\u2019t decide by themselves to assign a male or female sex to an intersex child rather they should wait for the child to turn 18 years\nold and let them decide whether they want to remain intersex or go through surgery to be assigned a male or female sex.\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Launch a renewed interagency campaign to inform communities on availability of
SGBV services and disseminate prevention messages. Campaign to be designed
with the support and guidance of affected communities.|SGBV WG|By the end
of the year|\n|---|---|---|\n|Update SGBV referral pathways per field location, ensure ownership by field level
coordination structures and continuous update. Conduct briefings to other sectors
to disseminate updated pathways and explore options to improve dissemination
of referral pathways through innovative methods.
|SGBV WG and
field WG|Urgent|\n|Conduct ToT on SGBV safe referrals for non-specialized frontline workers
(including refugee protection volunteers).|SGBV
WG
national
and
field|By
mid-
year|\n|Strengthen efforts for the prevention and response to child marriage. Prevention
activities to focus on social norms interventions/behavioral change as well as
targeted livelihood support to families at risk of engaging in child marriage.
Increasing cooperation with education (to identify formal and informal
opportunities), livelihood and basic needs sectors is required.
|SGBV/CP/
Education actors
(support
required
from
donors)|Ongoing|\n|Further expand focused empowerment activities for adolescent girls to provide
concrete alternatives to child marriage (literacy classes, traineeships, peer led
support groups, parenting skills, etc.) while enhancing support activities for girls
who are already married (such as support groups, educational opportunities).
|SGBV/ CP actors
(support
required
from
donors)|Ongoing|\n|Clinical management of rape services should be urgently mapped, thus ensuring
their inclusion in SGBV referral pathways. It is recommended to ensure availability
in urban location and conduct facility based trainings (in both government
hospitals as well as NGO run clinics) to ensure all relevant staff are trained, training
to be followed by monthly coaching sessions.
Advocacy should be undertaken with ministry of health on good practices in the
field of CMR and in particular joint examination by forensic and CMR doctor (if
survivor wants to file complaints) thus ensuring the survivor doesn\u2019t undergo
multiple exams which leads to re-traumatization. FPD staff to be further sensitized
on importance of CMR services.
|RH
working
group|Urgent|\n|Ensure free and automatic access to health services for SGBV survivors (for health
concerns related to SGBV incidents).
|Health actors|Urgent|\n|Increase availability of SGBV services in underserved/remote areas (including case
management services), increase accessibility for non-Syrian refugees (including
through increased outreach), while maintaining level of engagement with
Jordanian survivors. SGBV services should be available to all nationalities.|SGBV
actors
(with
support
from donors)|Ongoing|\n|Increase tailored cash based interventions for SGBV survivors including
interventions which support identification of safe accommodation in urban while
covering the rent through cash, as alternative to institutionalized shelters (for
survivors not facing imminent risks).
|SGBV actors|As soon as
possible|\n|Increase access to livelihood activities (including by providing child care support
as well as support to ensure safe transportation), further expands empowerment
activities for women and other groups at risk of SGBV within existing SGBV
programs.|SGBV actors|Urgent|\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Enhance programming involving social norms interventions such as \u201cGender
Discussion Groups\u201d or support groups where spouses are sensitized about gender
equality. Additionally, more support should be provided to families of persons
with disabilities (both in the form of cash interventions and parenting skills
building activities).|SGBV,
protection
actors|As soon as
possible|\n|---|---|---|\n|Reduce risks of sexual violence in identified risk areas. Conducting safety audit and
advocating with other sectors for risk mitigation measures.|SGBV WG and
other sectors|By the end
of the year|\n|
PSEA taskforce to review SOPs to ensure they are in line with survivor-centred
approach. The role of the PSEA focal points versus SGBV case manager has to be
clearly defined and PSEA focal points trained. Outreach to communities should be
enhanced.
|PSEA taskforce|By
mid-
year|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ddce1cb5-d3a1-3437-aeb3-ebe73f8e503c/64748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_165/raw/doc_165_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_165/raw/doc_165_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c6c29b397cceb507ab1b87f6552f3274934c9a0d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_165/raw/doc_165_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR supported Serbia _inter alia_ in the following fields:\n\n\n**a) Asylum System Development and response to the European Refugee and Migration**\n**Situation**\n**b) Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness**\n**c) Support to Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons**\n**d) Support to Solutions for Refugees from former Yugoslavia**\n\n\nFrom January through June 2018, UNHCR expended USD **5, 4** million through partnership\n\n\nOver 30 UNHCR and 100 partner staff conduct regular protection activities in over 25 sites\nand missions to many more sites throughout Serbia.\n\n\n**ASYLUM SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND RESPONSE TO EUROPEAN REFUGEE AND**\n\n**MIGRATION SITUATION**\n\n\n**Protection**\n**Information, identification and referrals of Persons with Specific Needs (PSN):**\n\n - In over **39,360** instances relevant information provided to refugees/migrants.\n\n - In more than **18,900** instances translation services provided.\n\n - Over **2,700** new arrivals were profiled.\n\n - Over **1,980** PSN identified and referred to appropriate services, incl. **74** cases of gender\n\nbased violence.\n\n - Over **600** protection interviews conducted.\n\n**Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC):**\n\n - In over **6,600** instances, children, including UASC, received psychological support,\n\nassessment and counselling.\n\n - Over **800** UASC were identified, assisted, counselled and/or referred (incl. **10** girls).\n\n - **32** UASC were provided legal representation in the asylum procedure.\n\n - Safety and wellbeing of some **100** UASC improved through an MOU with the Ministry of\n\nLabour, Veteran and Social Affairs that supported adequate accommodation and care.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Over **2,000** instances of asylum/legal counselling provided.\n\n - Over **1,500** asylum-seekers assisted with registration and transport to government\n\ncentres.\n\n - Over **260** monitoring visits to Asylum Centres conducted.\n\n - **147** asylum-seekers gave power of attorney for representation in asylum procedures.\n\n - **66** asylum-seekers represented in asylum procedure, of which **3** granted refugee status\n\nand **1** subsidiary protection.\n\n - **20** asylum seekers supported with appeal before the Commission for Asylum,\n\nAdministrative Court and Constitutional Court.\n\n - IT & registration equipment delivered to Ministry of Interior and the Serbian Commissariat\n\nfor Refugees and Migration.\n\n - Organised a Conference on \u201c **10 Years of the National Asylum System in Serbia and**\n\n**the Way Forward** \u201d\n\n - **4** cultural events organised; **34** joint activities of refugees and the local population\n\nfacilitated; Serbian language lessons provided.\n\n - **3** asylum seekers supported to do on-the-job-training in a local restaurant in Belgrade in\n\ncooperation with GIZ YEP.\n\n - **23** refugees supported in securing employment.\n\n - **One** appeal on discrimination in granting tax relief on a basis of place of residence and\n\nrefugee status launched with the Constitutional Court.\n\n\n**Resettlement** :\n\n - **21** particularly vulnerable refugees resettled to third country\n\n - **22** more refugees accepted for resettlement, awaiting departure.\n\n\n**Education**\n\n - **660** educational workshops for children and **250** involving both adults and children\n\norganized.\n\n - **403** recreational workshops for children, incl. UASC, and **95** workshops for adults (of\n\nwhich 4 specifically designed for women) organized.\n\n - School enrolment and attendance of refugee children of school age, including UASC,\n\nsupported by:\n\n`o` Transport to medical examinations of children in Belgrade, South and East;\n\n`o` Provision of school supplies for students of \u201cJovan Risti\u0107\u201cPrimary School in Bor\u010da,\n\nBelgrade;\n\n`o` Provision of non-food items and furniture to \u201cBranko Pe\u0161i\u0107\u201d School in Zemun,\n\nBelgrade;\n\n`o` Provision of school equipment for Primary School \u201cLjup\u010de \u0160panac\u201d in Bela Palanka;\n\n`o` Provision of sports equipment for Primary School \u201cVuk Karad\u017ei\u0107\u201d in Pirot;\n\n`o` Enabling access to running water for \u201cVuk Karad\u017ei\u0107\u201d Primary School in Pre\u0161evo,\n\nthrough construction of a new well;\n\n`o` Over **3,500** items of clothes distributed to children aged 13-18 in all government\n\ncentres;\n\n`o` Transportation of children to/from schools in **3** locations in the north, west and central\n\nSerbia and in Belgrade.\n\n - **240** children assisted in attending and adapting to formal primary education and school\n\nenvironment.\n\n - **124** children assisted with homework and better understanding of school subjects.\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **36** workshops organized for refugee parents, aimed at strengthening their parenting skills.\n\n - With the support of Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development\n(MoESTD) and UNICEF, trainings on Cultural and Educational Characteristics of\nCountries of Origin of refugee/migrant/asylum-seeking children, organized for teachers\nand school staff of schools in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Vranje, Pirot and Novi Pazar.\n\n - Supported by MoESTD and UNICEF, **2** trainings were conducted (one in Belgrade and\none in Ni\u0161) for UNHCR-funded educators, employed by social-welfare institutions working\nwith refugee/migrant UASC.\n\n - Supported local and refugee students from \"Branko Pe\u0161i\u0107\u201d school to run in the 31st\nBelgrade Marathon.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Aid**\n\n - [Joint assessment](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/55034) of all 18 shelter sites in Serbia against applicable UN, EU and national\nreception standards regularly updated and posted online. 35,000 views\n\n - Close to **60,000** non-food items distributed in 18 accommodation centres \u2013 clothing &\nhygiene parcels, bed linen, bunkbeds, etc.\n\n - Kitchen in Vranje Reception Centre refurbished/equipped.\n\n - Internet and/or IPTV services provided in Vranje and Dimitrovgrad Reception Centres.\n\n\n**Medical support**\n\n- Funded public primary Medical Teams in **9** centres (Krnja\u010da, Banja Kovilja\u010da, Bogova\u0111a,\nPre\u0161evo, Pirot, Bela Palanka, Obrenovac, Bosilegrad & Vranje).\n\n- Provided **35,000** medical services, including medications, to over **3,300** refugees, asylumseekers and migrants.\n\n- Filled transportation gaps to medical facilities in Belgrade, in the South and East.\n\n- Mental Health & Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) to refugees/migrants:\n\n`o` **1,064** immediate first psychological/psychiatric aid interventions;\n\n`o` **785** individual psychological/psychiatric counseling sessions/psychotherapy;\n\n`o` **262** creative and occupational workshops.\n\n`o` **136** beneficiaries participated in a research on mental health;\n\n`o` **118** educational and psycho-educational workshops;\n\n`o` **60** group psychological/psychiatric counseling sessions/psychotherapy;\n\n\n**Coordination Support**\n\n- Under the **Refugee Coordination Model**, UNHCR Serbia **:**\n\n`o` co-chaired **6** **UNCT** **Refugee and Migrants Theme Group** meetings;\n\n`o` co-chaired **2 Refugee Protection Working Group** meetings, as well as several more\n\nsectoral, Belgrade and other local coordination meetings.\n\n- Produced over **50** weekly and monthly **updates** on UNHCR operation in Serbia.\n\n- Compiled **2** Serbia **Interagency** **Operational Updates.**\n\n- Undertook **5** Cross Border Missions with UNHCR colleagues and partners in Croatia,\nfYRoM, Montenegro and Hungary.\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "July 2018 P. 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(* official data provided by the Ministry of Interior)\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(as observed by UNHCR and partners)\n\n\n**Pushbacks**\n(as reported to UNHCR and partners)\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some **2,200** Roma at risk of statelessness, approx. **300** lacking birth registration (down from\n30,000 in 2004)\n\n\n**Free legal aid**\n\n- **1,313** ID cards obtained,\n\n- **246** registry certificates obtained,\n\n- **127** administrative/court procedures, including **3** with cross-boundary cooperation\n\n\n**Capacity building**\n\n- **9** activities on the prevention and elimination of child, early and forced marriages (CEFM)\norganized (1CEFM consultative meeting with representatives of the competent\nauthorities, **7** workshops for school children and 1 meeting of the Working Group)\n\n\n**Birth registration**\n\n- Monitoring and supporting implementation of legislation and procedures of birth\nregistration and registration of residence\n\n- Ongoing advocacy for closing of remaining gaps on immediate birth registration of\nchildren of parents without personal documents\n\n\n**SUPPORT TO SOLUTIONS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS)**\n\n\n**201,047** IDPs in Serbia, **68,514** still with serious displacement-related needs.\n\n\n**Voluntary Return**\n\n- **4** Go and See Visits and **3** return-informative meetings\n\n- Continued cross-boundary cooperation on returns\n\n**Improved local integration of IDPs through enhanced access to social rights**\n\n- **193** IDPs provided with free legal aid\n\n- 3 trainings for **67** local officials on \u201cIntegration of refugees and internally displaced\npersons\u201d organized in Kur\u0161umlija, Ni\u0161 and Smederevo\n\n- **Tripartite MOU** on \u201cSupport to the Local Integration of Internally Displaced Persons and\nRefugees from the Former Yugoslavia\u201d with MOLESVA and NGO Amity to support access\nof vulnerable refugees and IDPs to the social protection system of ten key municipalities.\n\n- **10** staff engaged in 10 Centres for Social Work since 01 May 2018 and technical\nequipment (PC and printer) purchased for the 10 CSWs.\n\n\n**Awareness raising on discrimination against Roma and Roma IDPs**\n\n- **30** young Roma trained in 5 two days workshops and employed for 6 months in local-selfgovernments to enhance their capacities to proactively contribute to improved living\nconditions of the representatives of their communities\n\n- **4** seminars on the first module of the \u201cInstitutional and Strategic Framework of Roma\nInclusion in Serbia\u201d held for representatives of local self-governments\n\n- Pedagogical assistant engaged to work with **83** Roma pupils in elementary school \"Sveti\nSava\" in Vladi\u010din Han\n\n\n**Support to inclusion of Roma IDP children**\n\n- **8** contracts on cooperation signed with educational institutions (2 preschool, 5 elementary\nand 1 secondary school) in 4 towns (Novi Pazar, Kraljevo, Bujanovac, Bela Palanka),\nattended by 309 children\n\n- **6 associates, 3 outreach assistants and 17 volunteers** (teachers, professors) engaged\nto follow up on school attendance and prevention of dropout\n\n- **352** classes of learning support held (256 elementary, 96 secondary)\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **229** children (72 preschool, 155 elementary, 2 secondary school children) provided daily\nschool snacks\n\n- **20** teachers from 2 elementary schools in Kraljevo supported to attend \"Work with\nchildren from marginalized groups\" seminar\n\n- **161** parents attended **11** and **89** pupils attended **5** workshops on parenting skills, support\nto children\u2019s education, promotion of further education, rights of children (students\u2019\nparliament), creative inter-cultural workshops, etc.\n\n- Classroom in elementary school \"Branko Radi\u010devi\u0107\" in Bujanovac renovated\n\n\n**SUPPORT TO SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES FROM FORMER YUGOSLAVIA**\n\n\n**Total 27,802 refugees (19,038 from Croatia and 8,764 from Bosnia and Herzegovina**\n\n\n**Legal Aid**\n\n- **296 r** efugees assisted in matters related to housing care in CoO such as: legal advice,\npower of attorney for acquisition of documents, compiling of documents and submitting\ndemands for housing care, drafting replies to authorities and other.\n\n- **44** Roma refugee families provided with information and counselling to facilitate their\naccess to RHP and other housing programs\n\n- **72** Roma refugee families assisted in obtaining documents necessary for applying for\naccessing various rights in their place of residence (labour, social and status rights) and\nvarious submissions for implementation of their rights\n\n- **156** documents obtained free of charge for the most socially vulnerable refugees\n\n- Monitoring of **RHP** beneficiary selection process together with OSCE (housing solutions\nfor **370** families)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nused for South East Europe Region due to their earmarking to a related situation or theme, or to the region or sub-region. The total amount of the contributions is shown for donors who have contributed $2\nmillion and more. For more information: http://reporting.unhcr.org\n\n\nJuly 2018 P. 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/53884acb-28c1-30f9-80cb-08a7e35ad7dc/65014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_166/raw/doc_166_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_166/raw/doc_166_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d88bb8edee47543648caf6169a147362fa485f73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_166/raw/doc_166_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,764 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nThis Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was initiated by\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Sub-Office in Cox\u2019s Bazar to monitor its\n\ndistribution of cash to refugees as part of a pilot cash\n\nprogramme, as well as to collect the feedback of refugees\n\non the cash distribution itself.\n\n\nUNHCR would like to thank the partner and UNHCR staff\n\ninvolved in the pilot, including a multi-functional team in the\n\nSub-Office which provided their technical support and\n\nguidance to complete this exercise successfully.\n\n\nUNHCR thanks also the refugee families who participated\n\nin the post-distribution monitoring survey and provided\n\ntheir invaluable feedback.\n\n\n~~**CONTACT US**~~\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_**\u201cWe are struggling for everything. Food and clothes. The last time we could**_\n_**afford to eat meat was in Myanmar.\u201d A female head of household from Myanmar**_\n_**receiving cash as part of a pilot programme at Kutupalong refugee settlement in**_\n_**Cox\u2019s Bazar**_ _. @UNHCR/Caroline Gluck_\n\n\n2 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.801363468170166, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7396039962768555, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9723657369613647, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7947877645492554, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.9895540475845337, - "start": 96, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n#### Contents\n\n\n**Introduction** **4**\nBackground 4\nPost-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) 5\nMethodology 5\n\n\n**Findings and comparative analysis** **6**\nFindings and comparative analysis 6\nRespondents\u2019 profile 7\nReceiving and spending the cash 7\nExpenditure pattern by refugees 8\nMarkets, prices and commodities 9\nUsefulness 10\nDistribution method 10\n\n\n**Recommendations and way forward** **12**\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n### Introducation\n\n###### Background\n\n\nThe Rohingya refugee population living in settlements in Cox\u2019s Bazar is dependent on international assistance. Presently, there are limits on how self-sufficient refugees can be, as they have restricted freedom of\nmovement beyond the areas where the settlements are and also have no right to work. In addition, there is\ninsufficient land within their settlements to support subsistence farming. As a result, many refugees are unable to access cash independently to support themselves, and many struggle for the basic necessities not already covered by humanitarian assistance. All current assistance in the form of in-kind distributions and services are free of charge. This includes, for example, food, shelter materials, household items and health\nservices. A number of cash-for-work (CfW) schemes were designed to support and manage some of the basic\nservices and works in the camps; however, to date they have not created sufficient income opportunities for\n\nrefugees or host communities.\nLikewise, our teams have confirmed that some humanitarian aid\nitems are being sold at local markets. This shows refugees are\nadopting other, and potentially\nharmful, coping mechanisms to\ngenerate cash for their needs that\nare not, or not fully, covered by\ncurrent humanitarian assistance [1] .\nNegative coping strategies such\nas food borrowing, reduction in\nthe number of meals and reduced\nconsumption of preferred foods\n\n_Pilot cash assistance project rolls out in Kutupalong refugee camp_ are witnessed across the entire\n_@UNHCR/Caroline Cluck_\n\nRohingya refugee population [2] .\n\nBetween April and May 2018, UNHCR piloted the delivery of unconditional and unrestricted Multipurpose\nCash Grants (MPGs) to cover unmet basic needs. This extended to all residents of Camp 5 and Camp 6 in\nthe Kutupalong refugee settlement and was equivalent to approximately half of the monthly Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) for a family of five [3] that has been established for local host families.\n\n\n**After completing the delivery of the grants, UNHCR conducted the following to review the activity:**\n\n\n - a detailed Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey; and\n\n\n - a lessons-learned workshop, covering the processes involved in the cash distributions.\n\n\n_1_ _The provision of compressed rice husks (CRH) for cooking, for example, only covers an estimated 20-30% of the average refugee household\u2019s fuel_\n_requirements. It is also seasonal and there is a limited supply available from the markets for procurement._\n_2 UNHCR, Camp Settlement and Protection Profiling, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh, Round 3, April 2018._\n_3 MEB endorsed by Ministry of Disaster Management for response to host communities._\n\n\n4 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n###### Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM)\n\n\nA Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey is a mechanism to collect and understand refugees\u2019 feedback\non the assistance provided by humanitarian agencies like UNHCR. PDMs are widely used by UNHCR and\nhelp to evaluate the effectiveness of the assistance provided directly by UNHCR or through its partners. A\nPDM is conducted independently from the distribution exercise itself, but closely following it in time. This\nPDM was intended to evaluate the adequacy of the cash grant provided as well as patterns in its use. It also\nsought to identify challenges and constraints experienced, and seek refugees\u2019 feedback on any improvements required to implement similar assistance again in the future. The PDM was conducted in Camps 5 and\n6 after two weeks from the completion of the cash pilot program. The pilot was implemented during in the\nlast two weeks of April 2018.\n\n\n###### Methodology\n\n\n\n\n\nMPG were randomly selected \u2013 for a total of 320\n\nThe households that participated during the sur\nordinates of surveyed households were sourced\n\nRefugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner\u2019s\n(RRRC) office from October to November 2017.\nThis was part of a Linking Exercise [4] conducted\nfrom January to February 2018. In general, the GPS readings for most households were accurate (\u226415 meters). To ensure the confidentiality of respondents, the sampled households were selected randomly using\nan ArcGIS sampling tool [5] which excluded families who did not receive cash assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe PDM covered the two camps (see map 1) where UNHCR\u2019s cash pilot program was implemented. Seven\ntrained independent enumerators collected the primary data from randomly-selected households using a\nstandard questionnaire. The data was collected using Kobo \u2013 a web-based data collection system.\n\n\n_4 A linking exercise was conducted to synchronize data recorded by the Ministry of Home Affairs of Bangladesh through its registration process and_\n_the Family Counting data that was collected by the RRRC, ensuring enhanced data using complementary data sets to build a more complete profile of_\n_refugee households. Both processes provided unique cards to the households._\n_5 ArcGIS sample tool is extension of ArcGIS which can be used to achieve accurate, high precision sampling geo referenced population matric at_\n_minimum of cost._\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9973515272140503, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.981187105178833, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9987481832504272, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6368002891540527, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Camps 5 and\n6", - "confidence": 0.9135148525238037, - "start": 141, - "end": 145 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8131905198097229, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5417801737785339, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9175778031349182, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GPS readings", - "confidence": 0.6635332107543945, - "start": 239, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "two camps", - "confidence": 0.6227707862854004, - "start": 287, - "end": 289 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8515817523002625, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo", - "confidence": 0.542506217956543, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "web-based data collection system", - "confidence": 0.5055400133132935, - "start": 328, - "end": 332 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Ministry of Home Affairs of Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.5299001336097717, - "start": 345, - "end": 351 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.9456422328948975, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n### Findings and comparative analysis\n\n\n\n\n\nThe PDM supports a hypothesis that the current basic in-kind assistance packages provided to refugees are\nnot sufficient to meet all demonstrated needs, with the result that potentially harmful coping mechanisms like\nselling assistance are employed. The adoption of this cash programme by UNHCR; therefore, seeks to ensure\nthat refugees can address their multiple needs in accordance with their household and personal priorities, including benefits such as greater access to a more diversified diet, better hygiene or shelter improvements.\n\n\nIt is important to note that the pilot did not target destitute families, but covered all households in Camps 5\nand 6 indiscriminately. Roughly 23% of respondents in these camps were found to possess some form of\nadditional income through CfW or other income-generating activities.\n\n\nRefugees reported no difficulties in finding the items and services they require in the local market, both in\nterms of quantity and quality. It is expected the use of MPGs will make a direct contribution to the local\neconomy, as the market\u2019s known vendors are mainly from the host communities surrounding the Kutupalong\nsettlement.\n\n\nApproximately 26% of the refugees interviewed reported an increase in the prices of some goods [6], which\ncorresponded in time with the cash distributions, though further close and continuous monitoring of this\nphenomenon of reported rising market prices would be needed in locations selected for future MPGs in\norder to better assess the real impact of any cash distribution made. Live monitoring of market prices was\nnot undertaken for this pilot.\n\n\nCash was delivered cash in-hand by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), a national\nNGO, one of UNHCR\u2019s partners. Distributions took place without incident during 15th to 30th April 2018, in\ndistribution centres jointly identified together with camp authorities.\n\n\nCash distribution processes are largely context-driven and often agency-specific [7], the results of the process\nreview for this cash grant pilot project will not be elaborated at length in this report. However, given the few\ndelivery options presently available in the Kutupalong settlement, some suggested improvements may hold\ncommon validity across UN and non-UN cash-based activities. These are shared in this report below.\n\n\n_6 UNHCR commissioned a multi-sectoral needs assessment (MSNA) where more detailed HH information will be collected and analyzed. The report_\n_is expected in September 2018._\n_7 UNHCR is actively working with the Cash Working Group to harmonize CBI practices amongst agencies implementing cash in Bangladesh._\n\n\n6 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Respondents\u2019 profile\n\n\n\nPOST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\n**Chart 1** : % of surveyed households by\nfamilies size\n\n\n\nMore female household members participated compared to male members during the survey. 54% of the\nrespondents were female and 46% were male. The majority, 87%, were in the age range of 18 to 59; 10% were\nover the age of 60; and 3% were between 14-17 years of\nage. Seventy three per cent of the respondents were\nheads of households.\n\n\nThe average family size of the surveyed households was\n4.68. Approximately 71% of the surveyed households had\nfive or less family members, while close to 29% were\nhouseholds that had more than five family members.\n\n###### Receiving and spending the cash\n\n\n**Receiving cash**\nAll the respondents mentioned that their households\nreceived cash, quoting the amount received (BDT\n2,500 [8] ). Approximately 72% of the survey\u2019s respondents reported that they were the ones who received the\ncash from UNHCR; whereas 28% of the respondents\nsaid that they were not the ones who received cash in\ntheir families.\n\n\n\n1\n\n2\n\n3\n\n4\n\n5\n\n6\n\n7\n\n8\n\n9\n\n10\n\n\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n\n\n**Chart 2** : % of respondents who received cash\nthemselves\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\n\nApproximately 92% of the respondents said that they received the cash on the day they expected it. Of\nthose receiving the cash on the expected date, 3% of the respondents reported that they needed help to\ncollect the cash. The need for help was due to limited mobility and feelings of danger while going for the\ncash collection. All those who needed help reported that their family members helped them to get the cash\nassistance. One respondent reported that\nshe voluntarily paid her relative to get the as- **Chart 3** : % of respondents reporting their assistance received\nsistance.\n\n\n\nWhen asked about assistance received during\nthe preceding month, 89% of the respondents\nsaid that they received food assistance; 69%\nreceived non-food items; 23% undertook\ncash-for-work; 12% received other assistance;\nand, 10% said that they did not receive any assistance in the preceding month.\n\n\n_8 Approximately $30 USD_\n\n\n\n**Food** **Non-food** **Cash-for-** **Other** **No**\n**assistance** **items** **work** **assistance** **assistance**\n\n\n23%\n\n\n69%\n\n89%\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6811062693595886, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7341148257255554, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8067123293876648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.600774884223938, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\n\n**Chart 4** : % of respondents reporting cash spending decision\n\n\n\n**Spending cash** **Chart 4** : % of respondents reporting cash spend\ning decision\n\n**More than 66% of the respondents reported that**\n**they spent the cash within the settlement, where-** **32%**\n\nAll\n\n\nhead of\n\n\nmarkets in the older camps set up in the mid-1990s.\n\nthey could not recall where they spent the cash they of household\nreceived. More female respondents reported that\nthey spent both inside and outside the settlement compared to the male respondents who spent the cash\nlargely in the settlement.\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n\nAll\n\n\n\n**44%**\nMale\nhead of\nhousehold\n\n\n\nof household\n\n\n\nWhen asked about the decision-making behind the spending of the cash, 44% of respondents reported the\nmale head of household decided; 32% of respondents reported all household members decided together and\n24% of respondents reported the female head of household decided. This pattern of decision on spending\nalso correlates with the high number of single-headed households who were interviewed during the survey.\n\n\nMore than 75% of the respondents reported there was no disagreement on spending the cash they received;\nwhereas, 19% of the respondents reported that they had \u2018some level\u2019 of disagreement. Around 6% of the respondents said that there was disagreement in the household on how to spend the cash they received.\n\n\n\n**Other sources of income or support**\nWhen asked about other sources of income or support refugees received, the majority of the respondents (44%) reported that they received material support from NGO/agencies; other support from NGO/\nagencies (32%); inclusion in income generating activities (30%); cash support from other NGO/agencies\n(22%); support from family and friends (12%); loans\n(10%); savings and other (5%); and, remittances (3%).\nThis validates to some degree the results of a PDM\nconducted by UNHCR on the receipt and use of core\nrelief items which found that less than 1% of the refugee households sold their items to have cash [9] .\n\n###### Expenditure pattern by refugees\n\n\n\n**Chart 5** : portion of other sources of income or\nsurpport\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Overall spending pattern**\n**More than 84% of the respondents reported that they had fully spent the money they received by the**\n**time of the survey (i.e. within two weeks);** whereas 14% of the respondents stated that they had spent\n\n\n_9 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/64564_\n\n\n8 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8978977799415588, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9761971831321716, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-1990s", - "confidence": 0.7498701214790344, - "start": 87, - "end": 88 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.886469841003418, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9823759198188782, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6863506436347961, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "single-headed households", - "confidence": 0.9751714468002319, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9826592206954956, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "receipt and use of core\nrelief items", - "confidence": 0.6913127303123474, - "start": 400, - "end": 407 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7892031073570251, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.983069896697998, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9914218783378601, - "start": 416, - "end": 418 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8168661594390869, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6490181088447571, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7329443097114563, - "start": 519, - "end": 520 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9885061979293823, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\n\u2018more than half of the cash\u2019 they received. Some 1.5% of the respondents reported that they spent exactly\nhalf; and 0.5% of the respondents stated that they had spent less than half. The large percentage of those\nthat had fully spent their cash within two weeks is instructive, as the recipients were not targeted on grounds\nof vulnerability, and some had other sources of income. **The large spending pattern suggests pressing**\n**needs that could not wait. The extent of expenditure might have been expected to be slower considering**\n**the other sources of support.**\n\n\n\n**Chart 6:** portion of cash spent within two weeks of\ncash distribution\n\n\n**14%**\nMore\n\n\n\n**Chart 7:** % of respondents reporting their spending on items and services\n\n\n\nFood\nHealth\nClothes/shoes\nFirewood/fuel\nDebt payment\nSaving\nHygiene items\nUtilities\nShelter repair\nEducation\nTransport\n\n\n\n\n\n99%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAs a part of the PDM, it was critical to understand how cash contributed to the individual household in fulfilling family needs. Some used the cash in multiple ways. Most of the respondents **(99%) reported that they**\n**spent money on buying fresh food.** This was followed by health care (78%); clothes/shoes (44%); firewood/\nfuel (17%) and hygiene items (7%). The number of households spending cash on health is significant, particularly as basic healthcare in the settlement (including medicine) is free of charge. UNHCR is exploring this\nexpenditure finding further.\n\n\nRespondents reported they spent cash on the following: utilities, shelter repair, education, transportation,\ngiving to others and livelihoods activities. In each of these categories the spending was less than 6% of the\ncash received. Some reported that they retained part of the cash received as saving for future use. This finding might be related to the fact that the pilot project did not target only vulnerable families, and therefore\nsome households were able to hold part of it in savings.\n\n###### Markets, prices and commodities\n\n\nMore than 98% of the respondents stated that items and services they required were available in the market.\nAbout 2% of the respondents reported that items or services were not available (fish and cold bottled water\nspecifically), or that they did not know.\n\n\nMore than 97% of the respondents stated that they were able to find the right quantities of items and services in the market; whereas 2% of the respondents reported that they were not able to find the right quantities of items and services in the market; and 1% of the respondents stated that they do not know. The 1%\nstated that the fish, curry and clothing they desired were not available in sufficient quantities.\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9711946249008179, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9370591640472412, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8189756870269775, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9696876406669617, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.776483952999115, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.729102611541748, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\n\n**Chart 8:** % of respondents reporting their\nobservation on the price of goods/services\n\n\n\n**Approximately 70% of the respondents stated that** **Chart 8:**\n**they did not observe any increase in the price of**\n**goods** /items and/or services in the month preceding **26%**\nthe survey. However, 26% of the respondents stated\nthat they observed some increase in the prices of\nitems and services; and, 4% of the respondents re\n**4%**\n\nported that they did not know of any change. The ma- Don't know\njority of the respondents who reported an increase in\nthe price of items and services made a reference to\nthe following items: food, fish, curry, vegetables, clothes, and medicines.\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n###### Usefulness\n\nWhen asked about whether the cash provided by UNHCR met their household needs, 77% of the respondents stated that it had met all the needs of the household; **21% of the respondents reported that half of**\n**their needs were met;** and 2% of the respondents stated that only a few of their needs were met. Food,\nwater, hygiene kits, health-related costs, household items, firewood, among others, were listed as needs by\nthe benefiting households; **cash is complementary to other agencies\u2019 ongoing support services.** A Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) assessment conducted by UNHCR has indicated that the **HDDS in-**\n\n\n\n**Chart 9:** % of respondents reporting impact\nof cash\n\nNo Yes\n\n\nSell assistance\n\n\nRisky work\nfor money\n\n\nBegging\n\n\nStop a child\nattending school\n\nSell livelihoods\n/assets\n\nSending child\nfor work\n\nReduce household\nexpenditure\n\n\nBorrowing loan\n\n\nSkip paying debt\n\n\n0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n###### Distribution method\n\n\n\n**creased after the cash distribution.** [10] The assessment was conducted to observe the diet diversity\nbefore and after the cash distribution where various\nfood consumption patterns were analysed.\n\n\nThis PDM also profiled the sample population in terms\nof recurrence/prevalence of coping strategies in the\n\nfour weeks prior to the survey (see Chart 9). Some 99%\nof the respondents stated that they did not sell assistance, stop children attending school, beg, or undertake any high-risk jobs. However, only 60% of the respondents stated that they did not need to reduce their\nhousehold expenditures because of the cash intervention. For many, borrowing had not stopped, and they\nstill had to forego repaying debt. Though over 90% of\nthe respondents stated they did not send their children\nout for work, such practices are known to continue.\n\n\n\nWhen asked about the challenges refugees face during UNHCR cash distributions, **74% of the respondents**\n**reported that they did not face any problems.** Some 26% of the respondents reported that the head of\n\n\n_10 Forthcoming report on Household Dietary Diversity Score Assessment, 2018. Expected to be published in July 2018._\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.6596484184265137, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5159350633621216, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6483652591705322, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7977010011672974, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.981507420539856, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Dietary Diversity Score", - "confidence": 0.9988258481025696, - "start": 304, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7585843801498413, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HDDS", - "confidence": 0.9983192086219788, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9100709557533264, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8769837021827698, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.911598801612854, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.575954794883728, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7911567091941833, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Diversity Score Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9979233145713806, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9090062975883484, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9881062507629395, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7902519106864929, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\nhousehold was not available to collect the cash. Of those who reported head of household was not available, approximately 4% of the respondents reported that they forget the family counting card when going to\nthe cash distribution. Some 1% reported that they were required to pay another person to collect the cash\nassistance, usually a relative. It is important to note that the head of the household was the person formally\nauthorized to collect the cash assistance; however, for the families whose head of households were not\navailable, proxy collectors had to bring all relevant documents before the cash was provided. A verification\nwas done on the following documents: family counting number, MoHA registration card, and the ration card\nprovided to the respective family. These were verified by the registration teams on site. For the families who\nlost the required documents, their names were noted for further checking of the records. Cash distribution\nwent through further verification by UNHCR in these cases.\n\n\n**Accountability to affected populations**\nDuring this PDM exercise, refugees were asked how they received their information regarding UNHCR\u2019s\nassistance. Over 90% of the population was informed of the CBI from a human; 47% of the respondents reported that they received information through local leaders; 34% reported they received information through\nUNHCR and NGO staff directly; 13% of the respondents through large community meetings and by visiting\nhelp desks; 4% through relatives, neighbours and friends; and, 2% through written communication materials.\n\n\n\n**Chart 10:** % of respondents reporting source of\ninformation\n\n\n\n**Chart 11:** % of respondents reporting their\ninformation needs\n\n\n\n**34%**\nUNHCR/\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\nand friends\n\n\n\n85%\n\n\n\n**47%**\nLocal\nleaders\n\n\n**2%**\n\nwritten material\n\n\n\nDistribution date,\ntime and location\n\n\nWhat assistance\nis coming next\n\n\nInfomration on\ncomplaints mechanism\n\n\nEligibility for\ncash assistance\n\n\n\ncash assistance\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhen asked about their information needs on cash assistance, 85% of the respondents stated that they would\nlike better information on distribution dates, time and location; 43% would like better information on what type\nof additional/follow-up assistance might be available to them; 22% would like information on complaint mechanisms; 18% would like information on eligibility criteria for cash assistance; and, 13% would like information on\nhow to properly utilize the cash they received. When asked about whether they knew how to report complaints\nrelated to the UNHCR cash assistance distribution, only 13% of the respondents said that they were aware how\nto report complaints or give feedback. Some respondents provided more than one answer.\n\n\n**Almost half of the respondents, when asked, stated that they would prefer all assistance in cash,**\n**whereas the other remaining respondents stated that they would prefer a combination of cash and**\n**items like food and other non-food items.**\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.7043582201004028, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9076215028762817, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MoHA registration card", - "confidence": 0.7157139182090759, - "start": 132, - "end": 135 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.6142094135284424, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting source of\ninformation", - "confidence": 0.7690060138702393, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9853965640068054, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\n\n**Security and Risk**\nWhen asked about the risk and any safety issues associated with handling cash, a limited number of the\noverall respondents reported problems. Some 12% re\n**Chart 12:** % of respondents reporting issues\n\nported that they felt unsafe keeping money at home; related to handling cash\n5% stated that they felt unsafe while going to collect\nmoney; and, 1% of the respondents reported that they Keeping money\nfelt unsafe while carrying money for spending. The is\n\nmoney\n\namongst refugee families. UNHCR has started to pro\ntributed during the monsoon period.\n\n\n\n**Chart 12:** % of respondents reporting issues\nrelated to handling cash\n\n\n\nKeeping money\nat home\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\nWithdrawing\nmoney\n\n\n\n\n\nto spend\n\n\n\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / July, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 Cash-Based Interventions \u2013 2018\n\n\nWorking in partnership\n\n\nUNHCR co-chairs a Strategic Executive Group (SEG) in Bangladesh with the UN Resident Coordinator and IOM. The\nRefugee Agency leads on the protection response for all refugees, and heads a Protection Working Group in Cox\u2019s\nBazar. UNHCR welcomes its valuable partnership with other agencies (WFP, UN-HABITAT, UNDP) and coordinates the\ndelivery of its assistance with UN agencies and other partners through a number of working groups under the InterSector Coordination Group (ISCG). UNHCR\u2019s main government counterpart is the Ministry of Disaster Management and\nRelief and its Cox\u2019s Bazar-based Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC). In close cooperation with IOM\nand UNDP, UNHCR is also providing tangible support to coordination efforts of local government entities in Cox\u2019s Bazar,\nUkhiya and Teknaf. UNHCR staff work closely with the Camp-in-Charge officials in different refugee settlements, as well\nas a range of international and national actors. It has a strong network of 23 partners, including:\n\n\n**ACF** (Action Contre la Faim) | **ADRA** (Adventist Development and Relief Agency) | **BDRCS** (Bangladesh Red Crescent\nSociety) | **BNWLA** (Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association) | **BRAC** (Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance\nCommittee) | **CARITAS BANGLADESH** | **CODEC** (Community Development Centre) | **DRC** (Danish Refugee Council) | **FH**\n(Food For the Hungry) | **GK** (Gonoshasthaya Kendra) | **HELVETAS** Swiss Intercooperation | **HI** (Handicap International) |\n**IUCN** (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) | **NGOF** (NGO Forum) | **OXFAM** | **PUI**\n(Premi\u00e8re Urgence Internationale) | **REACH** | **RI** (Relief International) | **RTMI** (Research Training and Management International) | **SCI** (Save the Children) | **SI** (Solidarit\u00e9s International) | **TAI** (Technical Assistance Incorporated) | **TDH** (Terre Des\nHommes Foundation)\n\n\nUNHCR would also like to acknowledge the crucial role played by the refugees in the response; with over 1,000 volunteers from the refugee community who are often the first responders on the ground. UNHCR and partners have trained\nand work with safety unit volunteers (SUVs) who support the emergency response, community outreach members who\nsupport raising awareness on important issues and in addressing protection risks, community health workers who assist\nwith outreach for health and nutrition, and others who provide further critical support to the emergency response.\n\n\nDonor support\n\n\nThe response of the Government and people of Bangladesh is extraordinarily generous. More support is required from\nthe international community to assist the ongoing humanitarian response in Bangladesh for refugees and host communities. Continued political efforts to work for a solution to the situation remain vital. UNHCR is appealing for USD 238.8m\n(part of its Supplementary Appeal for 2018) in order to respond to the needs of hundreds of thousands of refugees.\n\n\nDonor country contributions to UNHCR Bangladesh (2017/2018) and unrestricted funding to global operations:\n\n\n_With thanks to the many private donations from individuals, foundations, companies including Calouste Gulbenkian Foun-_\n_dation, IKEA Foundation, International Islamic Relief Organization Kuwait Finance House, OPEC Fund for International_\n_Development, Prosolidar-Onlus Foundation, Qatar Charity, Rahmatan Lil Alamin Foundation, The Big Heart Foundation,_\n_The Church of Latter-Day Saints, and UPS Corporate. Special thanks also to CERF._\n\n\nContact\n\n\n**Dalal Al Sharhan**, Reporting Officer, UNHCR Bangladesh, sharhand@unhcr.org; **Mai Hosoi**, External Relations Officer,\nUNHCR Bangladesh, hosoi@unhcr.org; **Information Management**, bgdcoim@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LINKS:** [UNHCR data portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar_refugees) - [UNHCR operation page \u2013](http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/2539) [Facebook \u2013](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCR-in-Bangladesh-242312609525373/) [Twitter \u2013](https://twitter.com/unhcr_bgd?lang=fr) [Latest stories \u2013](http://www.unhcr.org/rohingya-emergency.html) [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_bgd/)\n\n\nUNHCR / July, 2018 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Post-DistributionMonitoring** **Cash-Based Interventions**\n##### **BANGLADESH** **REFUGEE** **SITUATION**\n\n**JULY 2018**\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/494871c6-b2af-320f-90bf-28b32e5eb85f/65098.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_167/raw/doc_167_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_167/raw/doc_167_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 308b55780d1319c9519ab5faae64d783499d99e5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_167/raw/doc_167_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ON THE RISE\n\nThere has been a high prevalence of single females heading their households within areas in the North East most\n\naffected by the conflict. The UNHCR Vulnerability Screening (December 2017) found that 63% of vulnerable households\nwere female-headed. The breakdown of the 62,113 female-headed households (FHH) screened included 2,283 women\n\nreporting to have been widowed, 1,589 reporting to be lactating and 405 reporting to be pregnant. [1] The highest numbers\nof FHH identified in the Vulnerability Screening were in Dikwa LGA (14,142), Ngala LGA (9,520), Monguno LGA (8,537)\n\nand Damasak, Mobbar LGA (5,578) in Borno State and Gulani LGA (5,458) in Yobe State.\n\n\nIn 2018, with every new arrival of IDPs, IDP returnees and refugee returnees, protection monitors have noted high\n\nnumbers of female-headed households.\n\n##### THEMATIC REPORT METHODOLOGY\n\n\nThis thematic report analyses information gathered by UNHCR protection monitors through numerous focus group\ndiscussions with females heading their households throughout May and June 2018 in sites in which UNHCR is\n\nconducting protection monitoring. This includes interviews with 1,722 females heading their households to provide\n\ndisaggregated data analyzed in the report. This report seeks to identify particular protection issues affecting women\nheading their households to enable evidence-based programming and response.\n\n\n1 UNHCR North East Nigeria: Vulnerability Screening Report (December 2017), available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/unhcr-north-east-nigeria-operational-vulnerability-screening-report-december-2017](https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/unhcr-north-east-nigeria-operational-vulnerability-screening-report-december-2017)\n\n\n**1 |** P a g e F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Vulnerability Screening", - "confidence": 0.9951295852661133, - "start": 35, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5276992917060852, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8182764053344727, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.9854925274848938, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "THEMATIC REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9758902192115784, - "start": 184, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5918434262275696, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6682388782501221, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yobe State", - "confidence": 0.7158820033073425, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.956242561340332, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "females heading their households", - "confidence": 0.8656477332115173, - "start": 203, - "end": 207 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Screening Report", - "confidence": 0.9871747493743896, - "start": 268, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5669358968734741, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9181013703346252, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North East Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.8542539477348328, - "start": 264, - "end": 267 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9925491809844971, - "start": 273, - "end": 274 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/457531cf-ef73-3f36-b847-62e4b59772a9/65111.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### WHERE ARE ALL OF THE HUSBANDS?\n\n\n\n\n\nA myriad of reasons surround the absence of men and rise of female-headed\nhouseholds. Of the female-headed households surveyed by protection monitors, **28%**\nreport their husbands to be in military detention, **27%** state that their husbands were\n\nkilled by non-state armed groups and **16%** say they were separated from their husbands\n\nduring an attack by non-state armed groups. These three answers make up 71% of the\n\nreasons given for husbands being absent. For instance, the majority of FHH surveyed in\nBama (53%) report that their husbands had been detained, stating during a focus group\n\ndiscussion: \u201cWe arrived together with our husbands to the screening center in Bama.\n\n\n\n\n\nAfter being screened, they took our husbands to Giwa Barracks in Maiduguri.\u201d In Dikwa,\nfemales heading their households report that the majority of their husbands had been killed by non-state armed groups\n\n(55%). In Fufore LGA, Adamawa State, most of the women interviewed report to have lost their husbands at the hands\nof violence perpetrated by non-state armed groups.\n\n\nOther reasons stated for the absence of men include that the women are divorced (11%, with highest numbers reported\n\nin Monguno and Ngala), that the husband died for non-violent reasons including due to health issues (8%) and that their\nhusbands were captured/forcefully recruited into non-state armed groups (4%, with the majority of cases reported in\n\nGwoza and Pulka). Smaller numbers of women report that their husbands were staying outside Maiduguri, that their\nhusbands had been killed, or that they are missing due to other reasons (including having claimed asylum in Cameroon\n\nor had been killed in a car accident).\n\n##### PROTECTION ISSUES AFFECTING FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS\n\n\nIn patriarchal Northern societies, men traditionally head their households and manage finances without input from their\n\nwives. With the newfound reality of the emergency situation and many men missing from households, women and girls\nhave been forced to take on the role of head of household for the first time, some with nearly no livelihood skills or\n\nfinancial literacy to fall back upon. FHHs report a number of specific challenges they face daily in struggling to make\nends meet, while caring for young children.\n\n\nWomen heading households report immense challenges in _**gaining adequate access to assistance**_, as humanitarian\n\ninterventions often don\u2019t cover the households\u2019 basic needs. They particularly report to lack access to adequate food\nincluding condiments, firewood, clothes for themselves and for their children and access to shelter including repair of\n\ndamaged shelters. Where they are unable to access sufficient basic services, women report resorting to selling food\nitems distributed to them by humanitarian organizations, sending their children to hawk or beg around town and/or\n\nsending their children to the bush to collect firewood despite acute security risks of attack or abduction. In many\n\nlocations, women heading households implored protection monitors on the need for scaled up _**livelihood assistance**_ .\nWhile many women report to receive food assistance, because they _**lack firewood**_ to cook the food and _**condiments**_\n\nthat are culturally required for cooking including seasoning cubes and vegetables, they are forced to sell part of the food\ngiven to them. This renders the food portion provided too small for the household to live off of for the month before the\n\nnext distribution. Some women also stated that they\u2019ve had to sell non-food items given to them to enable them to buy\ncondiments. In Bama, for instance, women report to have sold their mattresses for as low as NGN 3,000 to enable them\n\npurchase condiments for cooking. Other women must rely on the benevolence of their neighbours to be able to feed\n\ntheir families.\n\n\nThroughout Borno, women are feeling forced to send their _**young children out to beg or hawk**_ small items, such as\n\nsatchets of water, and fetch firewood. In Monguno, the majority of FHHs report to send their children to beg on the street\nwhile some households are sending their children to hawk. This creates a protection concern as the children are exposed\n\nto protection risks including of sexual violence and exploitation. In Damboa, some of the women take their children with\n\nthem to beg in the community. FHHs further report that many of their _**children are out of school**_ . Women lament the\nhigh prices of school fees and costs of uniforms for children as barriers for their children to access education. In Fufore\n\nand Yola South LGAs, Adamawa state, women report that the school fees being charged (NGN 700 per child per term\nfor primary school and NGN 1,550 for secondary school) are prohibitive _._\n\n\n**2 |** P a g e F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/457531cf-ef73-3f36-b847-62e4b59772a9/65111.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Without the protection of male family members, females heading their households report to be at heightened risk of\n\nbeing targeted for _**sexual violence**_ and/or subject to _**sexual exploitation**_, where they are forced to have sex with men\nin and around the camp for food and other basic necessities. In Monguno, women revealed that they are engaging in\n\nsurvival sex in order to take care of their family. The women are also resorting to _**marrying out their young girls**_ to\n\neliminate the burden of providing for that child.\n\n\nMany females heading households reported _**security risks stemming from the collection of firewood**_ in the bush in\norder to cook food for the family. In some locations like Bama, the women are not allowed to go out of the camp to fetch\n\nfirewood due to stated security concerns. In Fufore LGA, Adamawa State, women recounted: \u201cA woman was raped\nwhen she went to gather firewood in a nearby farm. Because we suspect such thing could happen to us, we only go to\n\ncollect firewood in groups of four or five to prevent anyone from attacking us.\u201d In areas of return in Adamawa where\n\nfarming activities have resumed, females heading households are sending their adolescent daughters to engage in\nfarming activities and are worried that this may expose them to risks of sexual violence.\n\n\nFHHs report to face _**stigmatization**_ within the community, particularly directed at those whose husbands may be\n\nassociated with non-state armed groups. In some locations such as Monguno, females heading households report to\nbe discriminated against by community members and left in isolation, apart from the community. Women state that IDPs\n\ncall them names such as \u201cBoko Haram Wives\u201d and women in Monguno further revealed that they have been called\n\nprostitutes because they do not have husbands. In Fufore LGA, Adamawa, FHHs report that negative name-calling and\nstigmatization has become the norm for the many single women households. FHHs have also reported to be\n\n_**marginalized from decision making**_ and from partaking in opportunities that are culturally reserved for men. In Ngala\nand Banki for example, women are not allowed to conduct trade/business in Cameroon as this is strictly perceived as a\n\n\u2018man\u2019s business.\u2019\n\n\nA large number of the females heading households also report to be suffering _**trauma**_ over the loss of their husbands\n\nand children during the conflict. _**Uncertainty**_ persists for those whose husbands disappeared, are missing, were\ndetained or were abducted, and they are anxious to know the status of their husbands and if they are dead or alive.\n\nAccording to them, this will help them move forward and take decisions for the future like _**remarrying**_ . Some of the\nwomen are afraid they may not be able to remarry because of the stigmatization of their husband being associated with\n\nthe conflict.\n\n\n**3 |** P a g e F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a F o l l o w u s o n S o c i a l M e d i a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/457531cf-ef73-3f36-b847-62e4b59772a9/65111.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Single females heading households face daily challenges in providing for their children and other family members and\n\nmany report _**not to be receiving assistance even from family**_ members. In Dikwa for example, FHHs said despite\nhaving family members within the community, particularly those related to their husband, they would not assist the\n\nwomen in taking care of the children or sending them to school. In Damboa, FHHs said that they do not have relatives\nwithin the community who can assist them in providing for their families.\n##### RESPONSE BEING PROVIDED TO ADDRESS THE PROTECTION RISKS FACED BY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS\n\n\nUnderstanding the heightened vulnerabilities of females heading households, UNHCR has prioritized such households\n\nfor a range of assistance. Such interventions include provision of _**shelter**_ and of _**protection-based material items**_ such\nas hygiene items, dignity kits, solar lanterns and mattresses. UNHCR has focused on the engagement of women\n\nheading their households in _**livelihood**_ activities such as knitting, tailoring, small-scale trading, jewellery making and\nsoap making. In return locations in Adamawa, _**farming cooperatives**_ are being established for FHHs. UNHCR has\n\nfurther provided vulnerable FHHs in Borno State with _**energy-efficient charcoal and stoves**_ to prevent women and\n\nchildren from going outside the security perimeters in the most affected sites to find firewood in order to minimize\nexposure to risks of rape, harassment, abduction and other harm. Children within FHHs have also been provided with\n\nappropriate _**clothing, birth**_ _**registration**_ and _**birth certificates.**_\n\n##### UNHCR PROTECTION MONITORING PROJECT OVERVIEW\n\n\nUNHCR implements a community-based approach to protection monitoring in areas of displacement and return in\nBorno, Yobe and Adamawa States, partnering with local non-government organizations of AIPD, GISCOR, SAHEI and\n\nCCEPI, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). The project focuses on capacitating community-based\n\nleadership to build sustainable self-protection mechanisms for affected communities. In Borno State, UNHCR has\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/457531cf-ef73-3f36-b847-62e4b59772a9/65111.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_168/raw/doc_168_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_168/raw/doc_168_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index abd72df21904caff3b0381629e1dd5a8e9f53dbb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_168/raw/doc_168_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,536 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Strengthening Neonatal Mortality Audits in** **Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps in** **Jordan** **Annual Report**\n\n### **Report of Neonatal Death Audit Among Syrian From** **Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps, Jordan, January 1st \u2013** **31st December 2017** _GHD and EMPHNET: Working together for better health_\n\nGlobal Health Development (GHD) is a regional initiative created to support countries in the\nEastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and to strengthen their health systems to respond to public\nhealth challenges and threats. GHD was initiated to advance the work of the Eastern\nMediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) by building coordinating mechanisms with\nMinistries of Health, International Organizations and other institutions to improve population\nhealth outcomes. As an implementing arm to EMPHNET, GHD aligns its strategies with national\npolicies and directions. Serving as a collaborative platform, GHD/EMPHNET is dedicated to\nserve the region by supporting national efforts to promote public health policies, strategic\nplanning, sustainable financing, resource mobilization, public health programs, and other related\nservices.\n\n\nEMPHNET \uf06e 42 Abdallah Ben Abbas Street, Shmeisani, Amman, Jordan\n\uf06e Tel: +962-6-5519962 \uf06e Fax: +962-6-5519963\n[www.globalhealthdev.org](http://www.globalhealthdev.org/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report of Neonatal Death Audit", - "confidence": 0.6568398475646973, - "start": 36, - "end": 41 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8112343549728394, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps", - "confidence": 0.7606863975524902, - "start": 12, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8588201403617859, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5001637935638428, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n#### **Contents**\n\n\n**Background .............................................................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**Objectives.................................................................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 4**\n\n\n**Results ....................................................................................................................................... 4**\n\nQuantitative Findings ............................................................................................................. 4\n\n_Distribution of Neonatal Deaths by Place and Time ......................................................... 4_\n_Characteristics of Neonatal Deaths ................................................................................... 8_\n_Reasons for Admission ..................................................................................................... 11_\n_Maternal Characteristics ................................................................................................. 12_\n_Risk Factors ..................................................................................................................... 14_\nQualitative Findings ............................................................................................................. 17\n\n\n**Discussion................................................................................................................................ 18**\n\n\n**Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 18**\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n### **Background**\n\nNeonatal Death is defined as any death that occurs in the first 28 days of a baby\u2019s life.\nCurrently, neonatal deaths account for approximately 44% of all deaths of children under the\nage of five within low-middle income countries. [1]\n\n\nThe Neonatal Death Audit is the process of assessing factors related to a neonatal death. [2 ] Audits\nare conducted in a no-blame, interdisciplinary setting. They aim to improve the care provided\nto all mothers and babies. Death reviews provide opportunities to examine the circumstances\nsurrounding neonatal death, as well as the immediate and contributing causes leading to such\ncases. The Neonatal Death Audit also informs relevant parties of the quality of health care\nservices provided to women and their babies during both their pregnancy and delivery. This\ninformation ultimately servers to prevent future morbidity and mortality. [3 ]\n\n\nIn line with its Global Strategy for Public Health (2014 \u2013 2018) [4], and with the support of the\nGates Foundation, UNHCR started a project to improve neonatal care. The project focuses on\nlow cost interventions in Jordan, Kenya and South Sudan. UNHCR Jordan approached\nEMPHNET to assist in conducting the neonatal mortality audits in the refugee camps in Jordan\nnamely; Zaatari and Azraq camp.\n\n\nCollectively, the Zaatari and Azraq Camps host approximately 130,000 refugees. Most of these\nrefugees have lived in the Zaatari camp for three to five years, while in the Azraq camp, they\nhave lived for two years. Pregnant women receive regular checkups in the camps clinics\nthroughout their pregnancy. They usually deliver their babies in camp hospitals. However,\ncomplicated cases are referred to other health facilities when needed.\n\n### **Objectives**\n\n - Strengthen neonatal mortality auditing.\n\n - Maintain a database for neonatal deaths among Syrian Refugees for the year 2017.\n\n - Provide a summary of the findings and offer recommendations for the improvement of\n\n\nneonatal care.\n\n - Provide a summary of current and potential contributing factors.\n\n\n1Improving newborn and neonatal care- UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/57beb81e4.pdf\n\n\n2 Kerber et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2015, 15(Suppl. 2): S9 Counting every stillbirth and neonatal death\nthrough mortality audit to improve quality of care for every pregnant woman and her baby.\nhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/15/S2/S9\n\n\n3 http://www.who.int/pmnch/knowledge/publications/summaries/ks27/en/\n\n\n4 http://www.unhcr.org/530f12d26.pdf\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n### **Methodology**\n\nNeonatal mortality cases were reported to EMPHNET from Jordan Health Aid Society (JHAS)\nin Zaatari Camp and from the International Medical Corps (IMC) in Azraq Camp. Whenever\nEMPHNET was alerted about a new neonatal mortality case. it conducted a field visit. During\nthis visit, its team filled the neonatal death audit form. This form was developed by UNHCR\nand is designed to collect data on neonatal Syrian refugees within an interview setting. The\nquestionnaire required information that is either provided by the patient or looked up from\nmedical files in the referral or camp hospital, from medical reports and death certificate which\nwere kept by the (JHAS) in Zaatari camp, and International Medical Corps (IMC) in Azraq\ncamp. Family members and health facility staff were interviewed, antenatal and delivery\nrecords were reviewed, the required information about neonatal death (age at death, place of\ndeath, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, Apgar score, maternal antenatal history, type\nof delivery, length of labor, symptoms/signs prior to death, treatment given, cause of death etc.)\nwere filled in the form. EMHPNET also reviews death certificates and referral hospital medical\nrecords, within 72 hours of the reported death. Completed forms are then submitted\nelectronically to UNHCR.\n\n\nA descriptive analysis of all patients was performed using epi info 7.\n\n\n**Definitions**\n\n\n - Number of neonatal deaths cases 68 neonate.\n\n - Denominator used in analysis was 68 for neonatal death cases.\n\n - Number of mothers investigated 63 women.\n\n - Denominator used in the analysis was 63 for mothers of neonatal death cases.\n\n### **Results**\n\n#### **_Quantitative Findings_**\n\n##### **_Distribution of Neonatal Deaths by Place and Time_**\n\nDuring the audit period which was from the January 1 to December 31, 2017 (68) neonatal\ndeaths were reported, only 68 neonatal deaths in Zaatari and Azraq Camps were audited.\nEMPHNET studied all cases reported by JHAS and IMC from Zaatari and Azraq Camp during\nthe aforementioned period and compared the findings to 41 cases in year 2016 (May \u2013\nDecember 2016) and completed from UNHCR to be total of 55. In 2016, EMPHNET started\ncollecting information in April from Zaatari Camp and in June from Azraq Camp.\n\n\nThe average timeliness for auditing the reported neonatal deaths is 2.5 \u00b1 2 days. While the\naverage timeliness from JHAS and IMC for reporting the neonatal death from the time of death\nto the time of reporting findings to EMPHNET is 1.6 \u00b11.7 days. Within this timeframe, there\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "neonatal death audit form", - "confidence": 0.984698474407196, - "start": 78, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9934942126274109, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "neonatal Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9642756581306458, - "start": 96, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "antenatal and delivery\nrecords", - "confidence": 0.980837881565094, - "start": 166, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information about neonatal death", - "confidence": 0.7179855108261108, - "start": 175, - "end": 179 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Azraq\ncamp", - "confidence": 0.9199117422103882, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "death certificates", - "confidence": 0.5209187269210815, - "start": 237, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referral hospital medical\nrecords", - "confidence": 0.5119706988334656, - "start": 240, - "end": 244 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "epi info 7", - "confidence": 0.8651764988899231, - "start": 271, - "end": 274 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMPHNET", - "confidence": 0.5828080177307129, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq Camps", - "confidence": 0.6629598140716553, - "start": 387, - "end": 391 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8061428666114807, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Neonatal Deaths", - "confidence": 0.8473257422447205, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported neonatal deaths", - "confidence": 0.620461106300354, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Azraq Camp", - "confidence": 0.9524284601211548, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.699323296546936, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "neonatal deaths", - "confidence": 0.6417930722236633, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nwere four cases reported late (three triplet cases reported after 83 days) and one case reported\nafter 36 days. These cases were excluded from the timeliness average.\n\n\nAmong the 68 reported neonatal deaths, 48 were from Zaatari camp and 20 were from Azraq\ncamp. The Neonatal Mortality rate in Azraq Camp is 11.9 compared to 13.8 in Zaatari Camp\nin 2017. Figure 1 shows the Neonatal Mortality rate per epidemiological week for Za\u2019atri and\nAzraq camp. In 10 weeks out of 52, NNMR was higher in Azraq camp compared to Za\u2019atri.\n23 weeks out of 52, Neonatal Mortality was reported in Za\u2019atri only while 7 weeks out of 52\nNN mortality was reported in Azraq camp only.\n\n\nFigures 2 and 3 compares the NNMR in both camps between 2016 and 2017. In Azraq camp\nthe NNMR decreased from 19 per 1000 live births in 2016 compared to 11.9 in 2017. While in\nZa\u2019atri camp the NNMR increased from 10 per 1000 live births in 2016 compared to 13.78 in\n2017.\n\n\n88.9% (56/63) cases of the women had a singleton delivery and five 7.9% (5/63) women had\ntwins and two 3.2% (2/63) had triplets. 10 (14.7%) cases occurred in September 2017, out of\nwhich five cases (50%) were either triplet or twin births. In February, 7 death cases were\nreported, out of these 42.9% were triplet (Figure 5).\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NNMR", - "confidence": 0.8393794298171997, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5429226160049438, - "start": 55, - "end": 57 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.525601327419281, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8549026250839233, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "live births", - "confidence": 0.6804596781730652, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NNMR", - "confidence": 0.9902756214141846, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Azraq camp", - "confidence": 0.923017680644989, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9552629590034485, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9951781034469604, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "live births", - "confidence": 0.7787603735923767, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 1\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 2\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 5: Distribution of Neonatal Deaths outcome of triplet versus twin and singleton**\n**pregnancies 2017**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **_Characteristics of Neonatal Deaths_**\n\nAll mothers who participated in the interview were Syrian. The number of male neonatal death\nwas 46 (67.6%). These were almost double the number of female neonatal deaths which were\nrecorded to be 22 (32.4%). The mean \u00b1 SD birth weight of the neonates was 2083.1 \u00b1 979.6\ngrams ranging from 700 to 4,000 grams; with 63.2% of the babies being smaller than normal\nsize (<2500 gm). 52.9% of the babies died within the first two days after birth; and 85.3%\nduring the first week of life (Figure 5). The mean age at death was 5.0 days and standard\ndeviation 7 days.\n\n\n**Figure 6: Neonatal age at time of death during 2017**\n\n## **Neonatal age at time of death**\n\n\n\n60.0%\n\n\n50.0%\n\n\n40.0%\n\n\n30.0%\n\n\n20.0%\n\n\n10.0%\n\n\n0.0%\n\n\n\n52.9%\n\n\n5.9% 4.4% 4.4%\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n||||\n||||\n||||\n||||\n\n\n\n<24 -2 days 3-7 days 8-14 days 15-21 days 22-28days\n\n\n\nSixty-one babies (89.7%) died at referral hospitals, four (5.9%) died at home, and three (4.4%)\nbabies died in the camp hospitals. (76.5%) percent of babies born in the referral hospitals were\nnever discharged from the hospital; (23.5%) of neonates transferred to the health facilities and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\ndied there. Four babies died at home and were referred to the forensic medicine department.\nResuscitation was required for (82.4%) of neonates. (Table 1).\n\n\n**Table 1: Characteristics of the neonatal death.**\n\n|Parameter|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Type of pregnancy**|**Type of pregnancy**|**Type of pregnancy**|\n|Single|56|82.4|\n|Twin|7|10.3|\n|Triplet|5|7.3|\n|**Gender**|**Gender**|**Gender**|\n|Male|46|67.6|\n|Female|22|32.4|\n|**Place of Birth**|**Place of Birth**|**Place of Birth**|\n|Referral Hospital|52|76.5|\n|Camp Hospital|16|23.5|\n|**Age Group at time of Death**|**Age Group at time of Death**|**Age Group at time of Death**|\n|< 24 hours - 2 days|36|52.9%|\n|3-7 days|22|32.4%|\n|8 - 14 days|4|5.9%|\n|15-21 days|3|4.4%|\n|22-28 days|3|4.4%|\n|**Birth weight**|**Birth weight**|**Birth weight**|\n|Low birth weight|43|63.2|\n|Normal birth weight|25|36.8|\n|**Birth weight classification**|**Birth weight classification**|**Birth weight classification**|\n|Extremely low birth weight \u2264 1000 gm|13|19.1|\n|Very low birth weight 1001-1500 gm|14|20.6|\n|Moderate low birth weight 1501 -2500|16|23.5|\n|Normal birth weight > 2500 gm|25|36.8|\n|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**|\n|Yes|56|82.4|\n|No|22|32.4|\n|**Place of Death**|**Place of Death**|**Place of Death**|\n|Referral Hospital|61|89.7|\n|Home|4|5.9|\n|Camp Facility Hospital|3|4.4|\n|**Total**|**68**|**100.0**|\n\n\n\n**Table 2: Distribution of neonatal Deaths by Place of death /2017**\n\n|Name of Referral Hospital|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|Al Khansa\u2019 Hospital|17|25.0|\n|Al Najah Hospital|16|23.5|\n|Mafraq Pediatric and Obstetric Hospital|9|13.3|\n|Al Makased Hospital|8|11.7|\n|Irbid Islamic Hospital|8|11.7|\n|Home|4|5.9|\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n|Camp Hospital|3|4.4|\n|---|---|---|\n|Mafraq Hospital (this case was referred
to Mafraq hospitals, and documented)|1|1.5|\n|Al Hanan Hospital|1|1.5|\n|Jordan University Hospital|1|1.5|\n|**Total**|**68**|**100.0**|\n\n\n\nResults showed that 25.0% of neonatal death occurred in Al- Khansa\u2019 Hospital and 23.5%\noccurred in Al Najah Hospital, followed by Mafraq Pediatric and Obstetric Hospital at 13.3%\n(Table 2).\n\n\n**Table 3: Distribution of neonatal deaths by Hospital and Birth weight /2017**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Name of Referral
Hospital|Weight
<1000gm|weight
1001-1500 gm|Weight
1501-2500gm|Weight
>2500gm|Total
No.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Al Khansa\u2019 Hospital|2|6|4|5|17|\n|Al Najah Hospital|2|5|2|7|16|\n|Mafraq Pediatric and
Obstetric Hospital|3|0|3|3|9|\n|Al Maqased Hospital|2|0|2|4|8|\n|Irbid Islamic Hospital|4|1|0|3|8|\n|Home|0|0|2|2|4|\n|Camp Hospital|0|1|1|1|3|\n|Mafraq Hospital (this
case was referred to
Mafraq hospitals, and
documented)|0|0|1|0|1|\n|Al Hanan Hospital|0|0|1|0|1|\n|Jordan University
Hospital|0|1|0|0|1|\n|**Total**|**13**|**14**|**16**|**25**|**68**|\n\n\n**Table 4: Distribution of neonatal death cases by Hospital and gestational age /2017**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Name of Referral
Hospital|Extremely
preterm
(< 28 wks)|Very
preterm
(28- < 32
wks)|Moderate
preterm
(32- <37 wks)|Full
Term
(37-42
wks)|Total
No.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Al Khansa\u2019 Hospital|2|6|4|5|17|\n|Al Najah Hospital|5|3|2|6|16|\n|Mafraq Pediatric and
Obstetric Hospital|3|2|0|4|9|\n|Al Maqased Hospital|0|2|2|4|8|\n|Irbid Islamic Hospital|3|2|0|3|8|\n|Home|0|0|2|2|4|\n|Camp Hospital|0|0|2|1|3|\n|Mafraq Hospital (this case
was referred to Mafraq
hospitals, and documented|0|0|0|1|1|\n\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n|Al Hanan Hospital|0|0|1|0|1|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Jordan University Hospital|0|1|0|0|1|\n|**Total**|**13**|**16**|**13**|**26**|**68**|\n\n\n##### **_Reasons for Admission_**\n\nThe most common reason for hospital admission was recorded to be prematurity at (60.2%),\nand dyspnea (57.4%), low birth weight at (39.7%), and congenital anomalies at (25.0%). Other\nreasons for hospital admission of the neonates due to (cyanosis, hypoactive and no movement,\nrefusal to suck and meconium aspiration) were recorded to be 23.5% (Table 5). 98.0% of\nneonates were in critical condition. 82.3% required resuscitation at birth.\n\n\n**Table 5: Reasons for hospital admissions of the neonates/ 2017.**\n\n|Reasons for admissions|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|Prematurity|41|60.2%|\n|Dyspnea|39|57.4%|\n|Low birth weight|27|39.7%|\n|Congenital anomalies|17|25.0%|\n|Others|16|23.5%|\n|Neonatal sepsis|13|19.1%|\n|Birth asphyxia|13|19.1%|\n|Fever|4|5.9%|\n|Jaundice|2|2.9%|\n|Hypothermia|2|2.9%|\n|Convulsion|1|1.5%|\n|Refusal to suck|1|1.5%|\n\n\n\n**Table 6: Lists of Interventional procedures provided for neonatal babies during**\n**admission/2017**\n\n|Interventions provided|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|oxygen|62|91.2%|\n|IV fluids|59|86.8%|\n|Parenteral antibiotics|46|67.6%|\n|Mechanical ventilator|42|61.8%|\n|Surfactant|9|13.2%|\n|Parenteral anticonvulsants|8|11.8%|\n|Phototherapy|5|7.4%|\n|Central umbilical catheter|4|5.9%|\n|Blood transfusion|3|4.4%|\n|Oral rehydration salts|1|1.5%|\n|Operation for illness (hernia repair)|1|1.5%|\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nThe most important clinical intervention for the neonatal hospital admitted cases was oxygen\ntherapy (91.2%), followed by given IV fluids (86.8%) cases. Parenteral antibiotic therapy and\nmechanical ventilators was the other principle of intervention in (67.6%) & (61.8%)\nrespectively. For the remaining of neonatal hospital admitted cases, health care providers used\none or more of the mentioned intervention in (Table 6).\n\n##### **_Maternal Characteristics_**\n\nA total of 47 pregnant women were interviewed with a mean age (33.5 \u00b1 5.4) years ranging\nbetween 16 and 44 years. Their mean gestational age 33.1 \u00b1 5.7 wks. range between 25 and 41\nwks. 61.7% were preterm < 37 wks., and 38.3 % were normal full term (Table 7).\n\n\n**Table 7: Maternal Characteristics of neonatal deaths/ 2017**\n\n|Characteristics|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Age (years)**|||\n|**Age Mean + SD**|27.3\u00b17.6||\n|**Age Range**|16-44||\n|**Gestational age mean + SD**|33.5 \u00b1 5.4||\n|**Range**|25-41||\n|Extremely preterm (< 28 wks)|13|19.1%|\n|Very preterm (28- < 32 wks)|16|23.5%|\n|Moderate preterm (32- <37 wks)|13|19.1%|\n|Full Term (37-42 wks)|26|38.3%|\n|**Gravida and Parity**|**Gravida and Parity**|**Gravida and Parity**|\n|Gravida (mean \u00b1 SD)|4.6 \u00b1 2.9||\n|Gravida Range|1-12||\n|Parity|3.4 \u00b1 2.3||\n|Parity Range|1-10||\n|**Number of antenatal visits**|7.6\u00b1 2.7||\n|Range Number of visits|2-15||\n|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|\n|Cesarean Section|46|67.6%|\n|Spontaneous Vaginal delivery (skilled attendant)|21|30.9%|\n|Assisted Vaginal delivery (vacuum, Forceps)|1|1.5%|\n|**Fetal Presentation**|**Fetal Presentation**|**Fetal Presentation**|\n|Cephalic presentation|63|92.6%|\n|Breech presentation during pregnancy|4|5.9%|\n|Transverse lie|1|1.5%|\n|**Pregnancy Danger Signs**|**Pregnancy Danger Signs**|**Pregnancy Danger Signs**|\n|No danger signs were applied|32|47.1%|\n|Elevated blood pressure|9|13.2%|\n|vaginal bleeding|6|8.8%|\n|Edema in lower and upper limbs|5|7.4%|\n|Abdominal pain|4|5.9%|\n|Anemia|3|4.4%|\n|Urinary Tract infection|3|4.4%|\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n|glucosuria|3|4.4%|\n|---|---|---|\n|Fever|2|2.9%|\n|Decreased/ no fetal movement|1|1.5%|\n|**Adverse labor events**|**Adverse labor events**|**Adverse labor events**|\n|Prolonged ROM beyond 24 hours|6|8.8%|\n|preterm rupture of membranes|6|8.8%|\n|Meconium stained discharge|3|4.4%|\n|Abnormal Fetal heart sound|2|2.9%|\n|Fever|1|1.5%|\n\n\n\nAntenatal care is so important during pregnancy. All the women had visited the camp clinic\nduring pregnancy with a mean number of 7.6 visits (SD \u00b1 2.7) (a range between 2 -15 visits).\nFour patients had visited the clinic more than 10 times due to partial separation of the\nplacenta and anemia. Furthermore, women delivering their babies by Cesarean section were\n67.6%, Breech presentation and Transverse lie were 7.4%. Among the women who\nexperienced a NN death 47.1% experienced no danger signs during pregnancy. Among who\nexperienced danger signs the two most common signs were Prolonged ROM beyond 24 hours\nand preterm rupture of membranes which constitute 8.8% for each sign. While the danger\nsigns that women had during pregnancy were elevated blood pressure, vaginal bleeding,\nedema in lower and upper limbs 13.2%, 8.8%, and 7.4% respectively (table 7). One important\nelement in the ANC is the use of ultrasound technology so as to detect early avoidable\nprobable risk factors in pregnant women, such as congenital anomalies, placenta previa,\nabruptio. Handheld portable ultrasound devices can easily be made accessible to healthcare\nproviders in the rural settings.\n\n\nThere were few complaints from the refugees about the services they received in the camps\nduring the antenatal care but there were no complaints from the referral or camp hospital during\nthe delivery.\n\n\nThe immediate cause of death is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) due to Low birth\nweight and prematurity which is around 44.1%, followed by congenital heart anomalies\n(20.6%). Acute Severe Pneumonia, Neonatal Sepsis and Birth Asphyxia 11.8%, 10.3% and\n8.8% respectively play important role depending on clinical examinations only babies who died\nat home send to forensic medicine for autopsy. (Table 8).\n\n\n**Table 8: Immediate cause of neonatal deaths/2017**\n\n|Immediate cause of death|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|RDS + Prematurity, Low birth weight|30|44.1|\n|Congenital Heart disease or congenital anomalies|14|20.6|\n|Acute Severe Pneumonia|8|11.8|\n|Neonatal Sepsis|7|10.3|\n|Birth Asphyxia|6|8.8|\n|Septicemia|3|4.4|\n|**Total**|**68**|**100**|\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n##### **_Risk Factors_**\n\nThe Risk factors contributing to the Neonatal death can be medical avoidable and medical, non\n-avoidable. In case of non-avoidable risk factors no intervention can be done. The most\nimportant objective of the neonatal death audit is to identify the risk factors contributing to the\nneonatal death and to take proper actions in order to avoid these deaths in the future. The\nfollowing bar chart shows the causes of death and risk factors contributed to neonatal death in\nboth camps (Zaatari and Azraq).\n\n\nIt is worth mentioning that each neonatal death case has more than one cause and contributing\nfactors for death\n\n\n**Figure 7: Risk Factors for Neonatal Deaths, 2017 in Zaatari and Azraq Camps (N=68)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe following bar chart shows the avoidable and non-avoidable of neonatal death case in both\ncamps (Zaatari and Azraq).\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "neonatal death audit", - "confidence": 0.9938160181045532, - "start": 62, - "end": 65 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq Camps", - "confidence": 0.5291218161582947, - "start": 148, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6522535681724548, - "start": 146, - "end": 147 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Figure 8: Avoidable/Non-Avoidable Risk Factors for Neonatal Deaths, 2017 in**\n**Zaatari/Azraq Camps (N=68)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFor more investigation of causes and contributing risk factors of neonatal death cases,\nPlease see the following bar charts, which show individually in Zaatari and Azraq camps.\n\n**Figure 9: Risk Factors for Neonatal Death, 2017 in Zaatari Camp (N=48)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Figure 10: Avoidable/Non-Avoidable Risk Factors for Neonatal Deaths, 2017 in Zaatari**\n**Camp (N=48)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNeonatal death causes and contributing risk factors in Azraq camp.\n\n**Figure 11: Risk Factors for Neonatal Death, 2017 in Azraq Camp (N=20)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAvoidable and non-avoidable neonatal death causes and contributing factors in Azraq camp.\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Figure 12: Avoidable/Non-Avoidable Risk Factors for Neonatal Deaths, 2017 in Azraq**\n**Camp (N=20)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **_Qualitative Findings_**\n\nOver the period January to December 2017, EMPHNET\u2019s field team visited 68 neonatal\ndeath cases. Information was obtained from health facilities and household interviews in\nSyrian refugee camps (Zaatari and Azraq).\n\n\nOverall, 68 neonatal death cases were audited. This report summarizes major findings from\nthe audited death cases and it provides an analysis of the causes and contributing risk factors\nbehind the investigated cases.\n\n\nThe following three categories of causes were associated with 68 investigated neonatal death\ncases in both camps (Zaatari and Azraq):\n\n\n1. Most of deaths occurred in the first week of life are due to RDS, the major causes of\n\nRDS were prematurity (severe prematurity) and Low birth weight (severe low birth\nweight). Therefore, RDS (due to prematurity and low birth weight) was the first\nleading cause of death in both camps (Zaatari and Azraq).\n2. Congenital abnormalities/Congenital heart disease was the second leading cause for\n\nneonatal death cases in both camps (Zaatari and Azraq).\n3. Sepsis, Pneumonia/meconium aspiration pneumonia Upper Respiratory Tract\n\nInfection, and Dehydration were deemed as the third leading causes for all neonatal\ndeath cases.\n\nListed below are risk factors related to maternal were associated in all 68 investigated\nneonatal death cases in both camps:\n\n\n1. High Risk Pregnancy related to age factors (Early age marriage and old age\n\npregnancy)\n2. High Risk Pregnancy related to (Great grand multiparty, Twins pregnancy, Triple\n\npregnancy, Anemia, RH ABO incompatibility)\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n3. High Risk Pregnancy including Antepartum Hemorrhage (Placenta Previa, Abruptio\n\nPlacenta, PROM)\n4. High Risk Pregnancy (Gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia,\n\nDiabetes mellitus, huge uterine fibroid.\n\n### **Discussion**\n\nAccording to the literature, approximately three quarters of neonatal deaths occurs during\nthe first week of life in most of refugee camps. [5] Results of this study indicated that 86.2%\nof neonatal deaths occurred during the first week of life. 70.6% were in Zaatari and 29.4%\nwere in Azraq Camp. The studies also showed that low birth weight contributes 60-80 %\nof all neonatal deaths. [6 ] Our review showed that 63.2% of the women delivered low birth\nneonates below 2.5 kg. 14.1% were in Azraq and 68.7% were in Zaatari.\n\n\nRates of survival decrease with low gestational age and low birth weight were cited as\nfactors. Our review showed that 61.8 % of the neonatal deaths were preterm < 37 wks. of\nGestational age, and 63.2% were low birth weight below 2.5 kg. Risk factors and direct\ncause of death were cited to be respiratory distress syndrome due to prematurity and low\nbirth weight, on the other hand congenital anomalies / Heart anomalies the second leading\ncause of neonatal death in our review.\n\n### **Recommendations**\n\nBased on the main findings of the risk factors associated with the death cases, we\nrecommend the following measures to be implemented:\n\n\n1. Enhancing the technical meeting on monthly basis between the technical staff of\n\nEMPHNET and UNHCR.\n2. There is an urge to improve the awareness of the pregnant women, most notably birth\n\nspacing as well as activating the policy related to RH ABO incompatibility among\nhealth care providers and shedding the light on the potential risks of early marriages.\n3. Adhering to Standard antenatal care (ANC) protocol since this is very important in the\n\nearly detection of maternal risk factors and maternal complications. It is also advised\nto provide the minimum required number of ANC visits (as per WHO guidelines) to\nevery Syrian mother. This measure will help with the identification of those mothers\nwho are in need of closer follow-up and in return, will reduce the magnitude of maternal\ncomplications and neonatal deaths.\nThese elements must be investigated as part of the provision of standard antenatal care\n(complete obstetrical examination, LMP and calculation EDD accordingly,\nexamination of BP examination of Hb Blood group and examination of urine\n\n\n5 Jehan, Imtiaz, et al. \"Neonatal mortality, risk factors and causes: a prospective population-based cohort study in\nurban Pakistan.\" _Bulletin of the world Health Organization_ 87.2 (2009): 130-138.\n\n\n6 World Health Organization, and World Health Organization. \"Care of the preterm and/or low-birth-weight\nnewborn.\" _Geneva, Switzerland: WHO_ (2014).\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n(Bacteriuria and proteinuria). Advice must also be given with regards to the preventive\nmeasures (Iron supplements, Folic acid, Tetanus Toxoid and Anthelminthic in\nhookworm cases), Screening test (US) as per their needs, health educations advice and\ncounselling follow up, fetal wellbeing, and investigating danger signs throughout the\npregnancy, and taking all appropriate actions. [7]\n4. Raising awareness on the risks of young age and old age pregnancies. Young age\n\npregnancy and multigravida are due to early marriage, moreover family planning\nshould also be placed under the umbrella of awareness. Apart from raising awareness\non pregnancy, some genuine efforts should be dedicated towards generation activities\nand behavior change communication (BCC) efforts.\n\n\n7 WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. \u00a9 World Health Organization\n2016. Available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250796/9789241549912-eng.pdf?sequence=1\n\n\n[05/15/2018]\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aeb1528b-d288-3e4b-a334-b92f7928bb7d/65120.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_169/raw/doc_169_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_169/raw/doc_169_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 61eb959f1024b8691d22e63ef862e72e145094df..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_169/raw/doc_169_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,266 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### MMC West Africa July 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following trends analysis is put together on the basis\nof available secondary data at the time of publication. It is\nrepresentative of the available information and therefore\nindicative of mixed migratory trends in West Africa.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) was established in February\n2018. It brings together various existing regional initiatives \u2013\nhosted or led by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 engaged\nin data collection, research, analysis and policy development\non mixed migration issues into a new global network of mixed\nmigration expertise.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre - West Africa, provides quality\nmixed migration-related information for policy, programming\nand advocacy from a regional perspective. Our core countries of\nfocus are Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For updates on North\nAfrica please consult MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins at:\nhttp://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/\n\n\nFor more information visit: www.mixedmigration.org\n\n\nYou can contact us by email: west-africa@mixedmigration.org\n\n\nPhoto credit: iStockphoto.com/yoh4nn\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7920488715171814, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.5765117406845093, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins", - "confidence": 0.8847991228103638, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.8320744037628174, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Voluntary Return Assistance by International Organisation for Migration (IOM) Niger: As of\nJuly 2018, 8,000 refugees and migrants were rescued during 84 search and rescue operations.\n90% of them were rescued near the border towns of Arlit and Assamaka. Half of the refugees\nand migrants who arrived at IOM Transit points in Niger had no identification documents.\n\n\nViolence in Plateau state: As of July 2018, more than 22,000 people have been displaced by\nrecent armed violence in Barkin Ladi, Riyom and Jos South Local Government Areas, Plateau\nstate, Nigeria. Most of the displaced women, children and elderly are staying in congested\nimpromptu camps.\n\n\nIOM Chad calls for funds to help stranded migrants: On 1 July, 20 migrants from sub-Saharan\nAfrica, including eight potential victims of trafficking, were stranded in Faya, northern Chad.\nThe city of Faya is located on one of the migration routes in northern Chad, where Chadian\nauthorities regularly identify victims of trafficking and refer them to IOM.\n\n\nDisplacement in Cameroon due to violence: As of July 2018, violence has forced more than\n21,000 people to flee Cameroon to neighboring countries, according to UN humanitarian staff,\nwhile 160,000 have been internally displaced, many reportedly hiding in forests to protect\nthemselves. Grave human rights abuses have emerged against a backdrop of protests in the\nEnglish-speaking northwest and southwest regions of the country.\n\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Burkina Faso\n#### **REFUGEES**\n##### **JULY** **24 798 ***\n\n**including 24 392 * from Mali**\n\n\n**JUNE**\n**24 248 ***\n***last available figures (UNHCR)**\n\n###### **Context**\n\n\nAttacks against security forces: Attacks\nagainst security forces and civilians\ncontinued in the Sahel region in the north.\nCrisis Watch reports numerous attacks by\nunidentifed gunmen in different parts of the\ncountry contributing to the overall climate of\ninsecurity.\n\n\nEducation under attack in Burkina Faso:\nSchools are continuously under attack in\nthe increasing Sahel crisis, as reported by\nOCHA in Humanitarian Dispatches released on 11\nJuly. A surge in armed raids in the northern\nborderlands has driven 65,000 pupils and\nmore than 2,000 teachers from schools.\n\n###### **Policy Updates**\n\n\nSupport of social entrepreneurship in\nBurkina Faso: The European Union, in\nparticular through the EU Emergency Trust\nFund for Africa, has launched initiatives\nto promote inclusive economic programs\nthat generate employment, with a focus on\nvocational training, the creation of micro- and\nsmall businesses, and entrepreneurship. The\nEuropean Union also supports the emergence\nof the private sector, through work on value\nchains as well as the structuring of the EuroBurkinabe Chambers of Commerce.\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 BURKINA FASO\n\n\nRaising youth awareness of the dangers of\nirregular migration: On 14 July, Tenkodogo,\nprovince of Boulgou (central-east region)\nhosted the final of the maraca\u00f1a tournament\ncalled \"Youth and Migration\". This is an\ninitiative of the IOM and its partners, aimed\nto raise youth awareness in the province\nconcerning the dangers of and alternatives to\nirregular migration. According to IOM Burkina\nFaso's head of mission, Abibatou Wane, the\ncentral east region remains the most affected\nby the phenomenon of irregular migration in\nBurkina Faso and refugees and migrants are\noften exposed to several risks during their\nmigratory journey.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 MALI\n\n## Mali\n#### **IDP REFUGEES**\n##### **JULY JULY**\n\n\n**including** **15 318 * from Mauritania**\n**JUNE**\n**and** **7 374 * from Burkina Faso**\n\n***last available figures (UNHCR)**\n\n\n###### **Context**\n\nElections in Mali, 29 July: As scheduled, the\npresidential election in Mali was held on\n29 July 2018. According to the provisional\nresults of 2 August, incumbent president\nIbrahim Boubacar Keita (IBK) secured 41.4%\nof votes, while his main challenger Souma\u00efla\nCiss\u00e9 (Soumi) obtained 17.8%. Turnout was\n43%. A run-off election is scheduled for 12\nAugust 2018. Some 23,041 polling stations\nwere set up across the country. The election\nwas mainly peaceful with some incidents of\nviolence and disruptions, mainly in central and\nnorthern Mali. At least 6,400 sites reported\ndisruptions and nearly 700 sites were unable\nto operate.\n\n\nInsecurity and intercommunal violence: In July\n2018, Crisis Watch reported clashes between\nTuareg and Arab communities and between\nTuareg and black communities in the north.\nIn the central Mopti region, intercommunal\nclashes between ethnic Dogon and Fulani\nself-defense groups continued. Seventeen\npeople are reported to have been killed in\nSomena village on 25 July.\n\n\nTerrorist attacks during the month of July:\nAccording to Crisis Watch, throughout the\nmonth of July, suspected jihadist attacks on\nnational, regional and international forces\nas well as on civilians continued in several\nregions in the north and in the centre of the\ncountry.\n\n\nEvaluation of the situation of human rights\nin Mali: The UN Independent Expert on the\nsituation of human rights in Mali, Alioune\nTine, urged the authorities of Mali to carry\n\n\n\nout prompt, detailed and independent\ninvestigations into an \u201calarming\u201d increase\nin human rights violations amidst a\nhumanitarian emergency. He also affirmed\nthat he is gravely concerned with the\ndeterioration of human rights in the centre of\nthe country where a lack of basic community\nservices has caused serious damage and\nsevere consequences.\n\n###### **Protection and vulnerabilities**\n\n\nCrisis simulation on the Mali-Mauritania\nborder: As reported on 3 July, and on 27\nand 28 June, IOM organized a massive crisis\nsimulation on the Mali-Mauritania border.\nThe scenario simulated a massive population\ndisplacement from Mauritania to Gogui, Mali,\nprovoking material, sanitary and human\ndamage. The simulation aimed to assess\nthe human and material capacities of the\ndifferent stakeholders involved in border crisis\nsituations, especially local communities. This\nexercise was organized within two projects,\nthe EU-funded project \"Strengthening Border\nManagement, Fostering Protection and\nReintegration of Migrants in Mauritania\" and\nthe project funded by the Government of\nJapan \"Enhancing the Collective Operational\nPreparedness for Cross-border Migration and\nHumanitarian Crises between Mauritania\nand Mali\" in order to strengthen border\nmanagement by involving local populations\nin humanitarian crisis management.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY", - "confidence": 0.7461785078048706, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9842283725738525, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5363128781318665, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9285183548927307, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n\n## Niger\n#### **IDP REFUGEES**\n\n\n##### **JULY**\n###### **Diffa 104 288 *** **Tillabery 17758 ***\n\n***last available figures (UNHCR)**\n\n###### **Context** Numerous attacks by Boko Haram:\n\nAccording to Crisis Watch, several attacks\nby Boko Haram took place during the month\nof July in Diffa region. For instance, on 19-20\nJuly, Boko Haram militants attacked a military\npost in Baroua village near the border with\nNigeria, killing soldiers; ten Boko Haram\nmilitants were also killed.\n\n\nBoko Haram attack on Nigerien military: On\n1 July, in Bla Brin village in southeast Niger,\nnot far from the Lake Chad area and 40km\nfrom the town of N'Guigmi, ten Nigerien\nsoldiers were killed and four reported missing\nafter an attack attributed to Boko Haram.\n\n###### **Protection and vulnerabilities**\n\n\nVoluntary Return Assistance by IOM Niger:\nAs of July 2018, IOM Niger assisted more\nthan 10,000 migrants and refugees in their\nvoluntary returns. Close to 90% of more than\n8,000 rescued migrants were discovered\nduring 84 search operations near the border\ntowns of Arlit and Assamaka. Half of the\nmigrants and refugees who arrived at IOM\nTransit points in Niger had no identification\ndocuments. Assistance in Niger is delivered\nby IOM to people of all nationalities. The\nmain countries of origin for those who have\nreceived voluntary assistance this year are\nMali, Guinea-Conakry, Cameroon, Niger,\nSenegal, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra\nLeone and Burkina Faso.\n\n\n##### **JULY** **177 771 ***\n\n**including** **118 868 from Nigeria**\n**and** **58 510 from Mali ***\n***last available figures (UNHCR)**\n\n\nHumanitarian response in Niger: According\nto a snapshot released by OCHA in July, the\ncurrent emergency in Niger requires more than\njust a humanitarian response. Government,\ndevelopment and humanitarian actors need\nto work together to address the drivers of\nvulnerability in order to release communities\nfrom the cycle of adversity. Displacement in\nNiger is one of the major aspects of the crisis\nconcerning refugees, migrants, the internally\ndisplaced and returnees. Deterioration of\nsecurity in the northern areas of Tillaberi\nand Tahoua regions have forced more than\n17,000 civilians from their homes since the\nbeginning of 2018.\n\n###### **Policy Updates**\n\n\nNiger will continue to welcome migrants in\ntransit: As affirmed by President Mahamadou\nIssoufou during the summit of the African\nUnion in Nouakchott on 2 July: \"We are a\npeople open to hospitality, we are a generous\npeople. We will welcome people who are\nin difficulty, who are in disarray. It is the\ntradition of our country,\" President Issoufou\nsaid after meeting a UN delegation led by\nDeputy Secretary-General, Amina Mohamed.\n\"The main thing is that people do not stay\nlong in Niger. It is necessary that the transit\nin Niger happens very quickly... that is the\nonly condition that we pose,\" Issoufou told\njournalists.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "last available figures", - "confidence": 0.9430153369903564, - "start": 372, - "end": 375 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9565938711166382, - "start": 376, - "end": 377 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.5786499381065369, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Tajani visit to Niger: The President of the\nEuropean Parliament, Antonio Tajani, visited\nNiger on 17 and 18 July. He affrmed that there\nis a 95% decrease in migration fows to Libya\nand Europe thanks to EU partnership and\nfunds. ''Niger is an example of the successes\nachieved by the European Union, also thanks\nto the optimal deployment of the Trust\nFund for Africa. The resources are running\nout, and new appropriations are needed to\nhelp the country - among the poorest in the\nworld - protect borders, manage migratory\nflows and guarantee security. My visit aims\nto strengthen the good partnership with\nNiger by offering concrete opportunities for\neconomic growth through the network of\nentrepreneurs, researchers and international\norganizations that will accompany me.\"\nadded Tajani.\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION\n\n## Other regional information\n\n###### **Arrivals of West African refugees and migrants to Europe** **between 1 January and 31 July 2018.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### **Cameroon**\n\nDisplacement in Cameroon due to violence: As of July 2018, violence has forced more than\n21,000 people to fee Cameroon to neighboring countries, according to UN humanitarian staff,\nwhile 160,000 have been internally displaced, many reportedly hiding in forests to protect\nthemselves. Grave human rights abuses have emerged against a backdrop of protests in the\nEnglish-speaking northwest and southwest regions of the country.\n\n###### **Chad**\n\n\nBoko Haram attack: According to Crisis Watch, on 19 July, Boko Haram militants attacked a\nvillage near the Niger border, killing eighteen people and abducting ten women.\n\n\nIOM Chad calls for funds to help stranded migrants: On 1 July, 20 migrants from sub-Saharan\nAfrica, including eight potential victims of trafficking, were stranded in Faya, northern Chad.\nThe city of Faya is located on one of the migration routes in northern Chad, where Chadian\nauthorities regularly identify victims of trafficking and refer them to IOM. IOM in Chad is actively\nworking with the government to bring these vulnerable refugees and migrants to N'Djamena\nfor examination and assistance, but resources are needed to provide medical and psychosocial\nassistance and voluntary return assistance. IOM is appealing for at least US$ 2.1 million to\naddress the urgent needs of stranded migrants who have been transiting Chad over the past\n24 months.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly Summary Update", - "confidence": 0.6347717642784119, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.7178954482078552, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION\n\n###### **Nigeria**\n\n\nViolence in Plateau state: As of July 2018, more than 22,000 people have been displaced by\nrecent armed violence in Barkin Ladi, Riyom and Jos South Local Government Areas, Plateau\nstate. The International Committee of the Red Cross is assisting them in close cooperation with\nthe Nigerian Red Cross. In total, violence has forced 38,000 people to flee their homes since\nJune. Most of the displaced women, children and elderly are staying in congested impromptu\ncamps.\n\n\nHuman traffickers target vulnerable children in IDP camps: About 50,000 orphaned children,\nthe majority of whom are girls, live in IDP camps in and around Maiduguri, according to the Borno\nState government. Child rights campaigners have warned that unless children are moved away\nfrom these camps and raised in families, they may continue to be victims of exploitation. Human\ntraffickers particularly target children and orphans in IDP camps because their vulnerability is\nmuch higher in such contexts.\n\n\nNigeria inaugurates committee on displaced persons: Nigeria\u2019s Presidential Committee on\nNortheast Initiative (PCNI) has inaugurated a committee for the return and resettlement of\npersons displaced by the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeastern Borno State. According\nto the Vice Chairman of the PCNI, Alhaji Tijjani Tumsa, the members of the committee included\nthe Borno Government, UN agencies, humanitarian and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs),\nmilitary, police and other security agencies as well as representatives of the Internally Displaced\nPersons (IDPs). The aim of the committee is to facilitate safe and dignified return of more than\ntwo million displaced persons to their homes.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 POLICY UPDATES AND NEW RESEARCH\n\n## Regional Policy updates\n\nEU mobilises over \u20ac 191 million in humanitarian aid for Africa's Sahel countries: The EU is\nproviding more than \u20ac 191 million for the humanitarian aid to the Sahelian countries. The\nCommission has announced a package of humanitarian aid worth \u20ac 191.3 million, which will\nbenefit eight countries in the region: Burkina Faso (\u20ac 11.1 million), Chad (\u20ac 2 million), Cameroon\n(\u20ac 13.9 million), Mali (\u20ac 35.3 million), Mauritania (\u20ac 11.4 million), Niger (\u20ac 32.2 million), Nigeria\n(\u20ac 35.3 million) and Senegal (\u20ac 1 million). In addition, regional funds worth \u20ac 10.8 million will\nbe allocated. EU funds will also support disaster risk reduction initiatives that can help people\nbetter prepare for natural disasters.\n\n\nECOWAS Migration Dialog for West Africa (MIDWA): On 17 July, ECOWAS inaugurated\nMigration Dialogue for West Africa (MIDWA), a three-day annual meeting of thematic work\ngroups, resulting in the recommendation of an improved collaboration and synergy between\nmember states and migration institutions in the areas of border management, immigration\ndata, mixed migration and the return and reintegration of migrants in the region. During the\nmeeting, experts advised on increased border surveillance and raising awareness among local\nauthorities, civil society actors, the private sector, the media and any relevant organizations in\norder to increase their participation in managing irregular migration flows.\n## New research and reports\n\n\nInternational Rescue Committee, \"Pushing the boundaries. Insights into the EU\u2019s response to\nmixed migration on the Central Mediterranean Route\", July 2018.\nThis report aims to draw greater attention to the humanitarian crisis facing people moving\nalong this route, and to offer insights into the impact of EU interventions on their situations. For\ninstance, it looks at migration management, response to urgent needs of vulnerable migrants,\nasylum claims, resettlement, returns, economic development and diplomacy. In particular, the\nreport examines the costs at which the flow of refugees and migrants to Italy has been stopped\nand proposes a ten-point action plan for migration across the Central Mediterranean Route.\n\n\nIrin News, \"Destination Europe\". Special report, June - July 2018.\nDuring the month of June and July, Irin News published a multi-part special report dedicated\nto refugees and migrants at different legs of their journey from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe\nthrough the Central Mediterranean Route: transiting through Niger, crossing the desert,\ndetention in Libya, voluntary repatriation, resettlement in France. The research is based on\nfirst-hand data collected by journalists from refugees and migrants at different stages of their\njourney. It illustrates the complexity of the current situation, discusses policy decisions and the\nvulnerable positions of refugees and migrants.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY POLICY UPDATES AND NEW RESEARCH\n\n\nPeace Direct, \"Mali on the brink. Insights from local peacebuilders on the causes of violent\nconfict and the prospects for peace\", July 2018.\nThis report by Peace Direct analyses a multidimensional security crisis, which in 2017-2018\nwas more intense and widespread than in 2012-2013, when it began. It is based on findings\nfrom the first Peace Exchange workshop held in Bamako, which also addressed the drivers of\nviolent conflict as well as opportunities and challenges. The main findings are that the causes\nof the conflict are: limited state presence in almost all areas of the country (including poor basic\nservices like education and health care); poor quality of governance and justice; corruption and\nimpunity; pervasive poverty; under-development and unemployment, especially the impact\nthis has on young people. Other dynamic factors include the impact of violent conflict elsewhere\nin Northern and Western Africa and its influence on arms and drug trafficking, migration (in,\nthrough and out of Mali) as well as tensions around elections.\n\n\nAnca-Elena Ursu, \"Under the Gun: Resource Conficts and Embattled Traditional Authorities\nin Central Mali\", Clingendael, CRU Report, July 2018.\nThis report explores lack of governance as a structural driver of resource conflict in the region\nand identifies a mix of short- and long-term measures to increase the legitimacy of the Malian\nstate. In the Mopti region of central Mali, different complex causes, including unequal access\nto resources, poor resource management and subsequent conflict, have caused friction\nbetween socio-professional groups, such as herders, farmers and fishermen. The increase in\nintercommunal conflicts has also provided fertile ground for radical, armed groups. These and\nother triggers create a climate of great insecurity and vulnerability provoking displacement,\nmigration and locally-driven conflicts. According to the authors, only solutions that address the\nunderlying drivers of instability will enable sustainable peace to emerge.\n\n\nKirwin, Matthew and Anderson, Jessica, \"Identifying the Factors Driving West African\nMigration\". West African Papers, No 17, OECD Publishing, July 2018.\nThis report focuses on the patterns of migration along the Central Mediterranean Route with\na specific focus on migrants and refugees coming from Nigeria. This is a quantitative survey\nusing data from several focus groups and examining nationwide surveys on an individual level.\nIt takes into account a variety of push and pull factors, such as the economic, social and political\nmotivations behind decisions to migrate.\n\n\nFrowd, Philippe M., \"Security at the Borders. Transnational Practices and Technologies in\nWest Africa\". Cambridge University Press, July 2018.\nThis academic research explores borders and border management in West Africa with a specific\nfocus on Senegal and Mauritania. It looks into EU-led interventions and local clashes related to\nborder management. A specific chapter is dedicated to migration and cooperation. Here, the\nauthor coined the term \u2018border work\u2019, denoting the interwoven nature of all border activities,\nfrom training to technological management to migration deals.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/774cd14c-3143-3727-b63e-26fbdc113aa0/65359.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_17/raw/doc_17_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_17/raw/doc_17_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8189556a3ef9f9c1da2e3ce459d476dbed7eb735..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_17/raw/doc_17_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,800 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n### CRISIS OVERVIEW\n\nTropical Cyclone Idai made landfall on 14 March, in Beira city (Sofala province), Central\nMozambique. As of 15 April, over 600 people are confirmed to have died in the cyclone\nand subsequent events. A total 1.5 million people are affected, and over 140,000\npeople are displaced in more than 120 accommodation centers, public buildings and\nschools in the affected provinces. Sofala province has the highest number of displaced\n[population, followed by Manica province (INGC, 4/2019).](https://cycloneidai.onalabs.org/)\n\n### CRISIS IMPACT\n\n\n_Source: OCHA_\n_SitRep No.6 (as of_\n_13 April 2019)_\n\n\n#### KEY TAKEAWAYS\n\nThis document consolidates information of the pre-crisis context and vulnerability of\nwomen and girls in Mozambique, and reviews all main post-disaster assessment results,\nfield reports and other sources available on the disaster impact, needs and risks of the\nvulnerable groups.\n\n\n**Key Priorities**\n\n\n - Past lessons as well as assessment reports both highlight that women and girls and\ntheir families have been adopting negative mechanisms to cope with basic needs\nand economic hardship, including being exposed to sexual exploitation, sex work,\nearly and forced marriage. Reviving livelihood and income generating activities\nare key to mitigate GBV risks.\n\n - The displaced population living in sites are under stressed conditions, overcrowding\nand lack of wash facilities increase the risk of GBV. With sporadic ongoing\nrelocation, women and girls are exposed to less safe and dignified environment.\n\n - Living conditions are more severe and needs are largely unfulfilled in the\ncommunities outside the camps, especially in areas that are hard to reach. In these\ncommunities, a lack of basic needs including food and shelter has been reported,\nwhich increases risks of vulnerable population.\n\n - The number of female-headed households as well as widowed women has\nincreased in the aftermath of the disaster. Accompanied by a high number of\npregnant women who are estimated to give birth, it is critical to ensure access to\nfunctional Sexual and Reproductive Health services and social care.\n\n - Community-based referral and psychosocial support by local partners have been\noperational prior to the cyclone. As they act as the main first contacts for vulnerable\ngroups in the communities, more resources and capacity building on GBV in\nemergencies are needed to scale up the existing community-based services.\n\n\n**Key Vulnerable Groups:**\n\n\nFemale-headed households; single women, adolescents\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "post-disaster assessment results", - "confidence": 0.9937677383422852, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.9850366115570068, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable groups", - "confidence": 0.5885091423988342, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "field reports", - "confidence": 0.9363706111907959, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n### Operating Environment - Contextual Review LEGAL SYSTEM AND JUSTICE\n\nSince independence in 1975, Mozambique has put in efforts to make strides in gender\nequality. Systems have been put in place, and achievements have been made, for\nexample in political representation. Since 1994 the ruling party implemented a quota on\nthe representation of women in the government. This has ensured that women have\napproximately one third of seats in the National Assembly. However, a lot of progress\nstill needs to happen to reach gender equality \u2013 not just in systems and institutions, but\n[also at a community level (Tvedten 2008).](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\n\n\n**Rule of law:** After the civil war (1984\u20131992), which had a large impact on the Central\n[Provinces, turnover in the government has been democratic (Tvedten 2008).](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\n\n\n**Women\u2019s rights:**\n\n\n - The 2004 constitution upholds the principle of gender equality and prohibits\ndiscrimination based on sex.\n\n - Mozambique has ratified CEDAW, as well as the Protocol to the African Charter\non Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa [(Government of](http://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/-/media/files/un%20women/vaw/full%20text/africa/mozambique%20%20nap%20to%20combat%20and%20prevent%20vaw%2020082012.pdf?vs=5313)\n[Mozambique 2012).](http://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/-/media/files/un%20women/vaw/full%20text/africa/mozambique%20%20nap%20to%20combat%20and%20prevent%20vaw%2020082012.pdf?vs=5313)\n\n - Polygamy has been prohibited by the Family Law (2004), yet is commonly\npracticed. In effect, polygamous unions are not legally recognized, but there\nare no legal restrictions against the practice itself (CARE [29/03/2019).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Regional-RGA-Cyclone-Idai-29032019.pdf)\n\n - The Act on Domestic Violence Perpetrated Against Women was passed in 2009,\ncriminalizing domestic violence including physical abuse, sexual abuse,\nemotional and psychological abuse, stalking, harassment, intimidation, damage\n[to property, and other controlling or abusive behavior (UNWOMEN 2009).](http://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/fr/countries/africa/mozambique/2009/law-on-domestic-violence-perpetrated-against-women--2009-)\n\n - The Multisectoral Mechanism for Integrated Assistance to Women Victims of\nViolence (2012) outlines the roles of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Justice,\nMinistry of Interior and the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Action [(USAID](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Floriza_Gennari/publication/293491456_Lessons_from_the_Gender-Based_Violence_Initiative_in_Mozambique/links/56b9311908ae3b658a88c87e/Lessons-from-the-Gender-Based-Violence-Initiative-in-Mozambique.pdf)\n2016).\n\n - The Land Laws of 1997 specifies that, although land belongs to the state, legal\nmeasures can help communities and individuals (men and women) to obtain land\nwithout requiring written proof of use. However, in reality the gender equality\n\n\n\nin land ownership is not reflected as patriarchal cultures still favor land\n[ownership for men (SIDA 2006).](https://www.sida.se/contentassets/80caaf7d1aaf48738b7b70386574b59e/towards-gender-equality-in-mozambique_693.pdf)\n\n\n**Access to justice:** Although the Mozambican government has put into place efforts to\ncombat violence against women, women have difficulty accessing courts for various\nreasons (details in below content \u201cGBV PROTECTION NEEDS\u201d). Instances of GBV including\nrape, are more often settled through informal local/community courts, or privately\n[through financial renumeration (Slegh 2010;](http://medanthrotheory.org/site/assets/files/3123/slegh.pdf) [US Department of State 2017).](https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/277271.pdf)\n\n#### SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT\n\n**Female-headed households:** As of 2015 approximately 36% of households in\n[Mozambique are female-headed (DHS 2015).](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\n\n\n**Economy:** In 2008, a study found that approximately 79% of women were economically\nactive. Women are largely responsible for the household. This may also be included into\nthe high percentage for economic activity \u2013 although returns on this are low. Furthermore,\nemployed women mostly work in the agricultural sector (89%), a sector in which they\nform a large share of unskilled labor (59%). This shows that, though women may take up\na large part of economic activity, they may not take home a large amount of money.\nWomen active in agriculture work an estimated average of 14 hours per day, which also\n[leaves them little time for partaking in public participation or education (Tvedten 2008; SIDA](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\n2006).\n\n\nWhen employed, women are often performing unskilled jobs, which are low-paid. In\naddition, in 2008 only around 4% of women were employed in the government, public,\nor private sector. These jobs entail a fixed monthly salary with predictability and more\n[certainty (Tvedten 2008).](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\n\n\n**Education:** Literacy rates in Mozambique stand at 70.5% for the population aged 15\u2013\n24. When only looking at the population over 15, the literacy rate stands at only 56%.\nWomen are significantly less literate than their male counterparts. High discrepancies in\nliteracy rates among men and women can point to inequality, where girls tend to be the\nfirst who are denied access to education, or taken out of school as their education is not\nprioritized.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9642063975334167, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5095111131668091, - "start": 736, - "end": 737 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5033853054046631, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n\nLITERACY RATE (%) TOTAL MALE FEMALE\n**15\u201324 years** 70.5 79.1 62.3\n**15 years and older** 56.0 70.8 43.1\n**65 years and older** 26.0 46.3 8.8\nUNCESCO 2015\n\n\nThe DHS data from Mozambique further shows that improving access to education for\ngirls, particularly following the completion of primary school, can be an important\ndeterminant of the use of health facilities (or at least correlates with facility use). Higher\nlevels of education for mothers is associated with declining under-five mortality rates, i.e.\nthe higher the education level of the mother, the lower the mortality levels in under-five[year-olds (ODI, 6/2014).](https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9073.pdf)\n\n#### COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT\n\nDespite changes at an institutional level, Mozambique remains a highly patriarchal\nsociety where men dominate power positions in communities and the household.\n\n\n**GBV perception:** While more updated data is not available, in 2009 an estimated 70%\nof perpetrators of GBV against their partners never faced charges. The reasons for this\nincluded that the survivor has to deal with the case alone or through the family (47%),\nthe act was not deemed serious (15%), the act was considered a private issue (9%), or\nthe survivor feared retaliation and reprisal (11%) [(UNIFEM 2009).](https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/violence_against_women_mozambique%5b1%5d.pdf) This indicates that in\nMozambique, GBV is being normalized, and a GBV case is considered a family or\nprivate affair without much institutional and systematic support. However, the\nMultisectoral Mechanism for Integrated Assistance to Women Victims of Violence was\nestablished in 2012 and strives to provide accessible and integrated services for\nvulnerable people and more systematic fighting against GBV.\n\n\nIn addition, an anthropological study found that generally in Mozambique, a \u2018good\nwoman\u2019 submits to her husband, other male relatives, and the husband\u2019s family. Male\ndominance in the household is seen as a given, and maltreatment of women is often seen\nas a result of their own behavior. These socio-cultural explanations about women\u2019s role\n[in society justify acts of gender-based violence as natural and private matters (Slegh 2009).](http://medanthrotheory.org/site/assets/files/3123/slegh.pdf)\n\n\n**Gender roles:** Generally, men are still seen as the power-holders and the culture in\nMozambique is patriarchal and male-dominated. This may be rooted in historical\ninfluences when political powerholders were men in charge of chieftainships. On top,\nCentral Mozambique knew a more patrilineal system, meaning a woman belongs to the\n\n\n\nhusband\u2019s family \u2013 which has been symbolized through dowry ( _lobolo)_ . Though at times\nwomen can be in influential positions (e.g. in clans) \u2013 these are usually not formalized\n[positions of power (Tvedten 2008).](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\n\n\n_Division of labor:_ Generally, men and boys are responsible for working outside the home\nwhile women and girls take care of domestic issues. These include taking care of children\nand older people, as well as cooking, fetching water, and cleaning [(CARE 29/03/2019).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Regional-RGA-Cyclone-Idai-29032019.pdf)\nReduced accessibility and availability of water and other household items are likely to\nput women and girls more at risk when performing domestic tasks.\n\n\n_Household decision-making:_ Despite women\u2019s large participation in the household, their\n[decision-making is described as limited (FHI 360 2015). This is backed up by data from the](https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-spt-cap-mozambique-gbv-integration.pdf)\nDemographic Health Survey [(2015), which shows that men generally tend to take the](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\ndecisions in the household regarding health expenditures and groceries. In Sofala, over\n80% of men solely took the decisions in these areas.\n\n\n_Political participation_ : Mozambique has the 14th highest level of women\u2019s participation in\n[parliament in the world (World Bank).](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SG.GEN.PARL.ZS?view=chart)\n\n\n**Traditional marriage practices:** Dowry, or _lobolo_ still plays a large role in the central\n[provinces including Sofala (Tvedten 2008). Though polygamy is not legalized in the Family](https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3326-)\nLaw (2004), it is still practiced. In these cases, the husband is only legally married to the\nfirst wife, but has multiple relationships outside the marriage. Polygyny is often\nrecommended when the first wife is infertile \u2013 but is generally common in the patrilineal\n[cultures (Arnaldo 2003). In the same Family Law, the age for marriage is set at 18.](http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?ep04008)\n\n\n**Harmful practices:** In some instances, widowhood can be seen as needing \u2018purification\u2019.\nThis purification practice is common among the Sena ethnic group in Sofala. A woman,\nupon the death of her husband, needs to be purified by having sex with his male relative\nthree times a day for a week. This practice called _pita-kufa_ (or _khupita-_ khufa) increases\nthe risk of HIV and may cause unwanted pregnancy [(IRIN 2008; Vera Cruz 2018).](http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/node/243963)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DHS data", - "confidence": 0.9235206842422485, - "start": 79, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ODI", - "confidence": 0.5136476755142212, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.9994331002235413, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.61007159948349, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "year-olds", - "confidence": 0.5244571566581726, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV perception", - "confidence": 0.7185739874839783, - "start": 201, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ODI", - "confidence": 0.8178934454917908, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.9353379011154175, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.7544179558753967, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8435320854187012, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "year-olds", - "confidence": 0.6650838255882263, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9379669427871704, - "start": 684, - "end": 687 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FHI", - "confidence": 0.5188066363334656, - "start": 668, - "end": 669 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.8869554400444031, - "start": 733, - "end": 734 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9680606126785278, - "start": 670, - "end": 671 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n#### Crisis Impact and Pre-Crisis Baseline BASIC NEEDS\n\nGBV does not happen in a silo and is never a standalone incident. Disasters, conflicts,\npre-crisis vulnerabilities, stressed living conditions, and a lack of resources are all\nexacerbating factors for the manifestation of GBV and related negative coping\nmechanisms. Reduced availability and accessibility of basic services (source of income;\nhealth facilities, food, market etc.) as a result of the cyclone and floods increase the\nvulnerabilities of women and girls.\n\n**Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene:** According to the Demographic Health Survey [(2015),](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\napproximately 23.7% of people in Sofala did not have access to an improved water\nsource. A further 23.1% used a hand pump. In previous years, during periods of drought,\nit was noted that during the water collection activities, girls faced increased risk of\n[confrontations with wild animals and GBV (CARE, 2016).](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/southern-eastern-africa/document/ares-rapid-gender-analysis-commitment-addressing-gender)\n\n_Water_\n[Over 50% of displacement sites assessed have water sources on site (DTM R2, 4/2019). As](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\nwomen and girls are responsible for fetching water, they are exposed to more GBV risks\nwhen looking for alternative water sources. The post-disaster multi-sectoral assessment\n(MRA) in six affected districts further noted that the availability of potable/drinking\nwater has decreased significantly, particularly in Nhamatanda (MRA, 4/2019).\n\n_Sanitation and hygiene_\nWash conditions are stretched and overcrowding is observed in sites in Beira. Wash\nfacilities cannot be installed or completed and prepared in time with sporadic and rapid\nongoing relocations (Protection cluster, 4/2019). In 20% of the sites assessed in DTM it is\nreported that nobody has access to bathing and shower facilities. Less than half of sites\nhave gender-segregated latrines and bathing facilities [(DTM R2, 4/2019).](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e) At new\naccommodation sites women are reported to be showering inside the latrines (Protection\ncluster, 4/2019). Recent research also shows that over 40% of women do not use latrines\n[provided (CARE, 3/2019).](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/southern-eastern-africa/document/ares-rapid-gender-analysis-commitment-addressing-gender)\n\nThe MRA further noted that almost all assessed communities in Buzi, Gondola,\nNhamatanda and Sussundenga districts are facing a major deterioration in the quality\nof sanitation facilities. Whereas previously all communities mostly used household latrines,\nthey now have to resort to open defecation. It is reported that privacy for washing and\n\n\n\ndefecating is an issue for women and girls, especially in Dondo and Nhamatanda (MRA,\n4/2019).\n\nThe lack of safe and quality hygiene and sanitation facilities, latrines and bathing\nfacilities that are not safely lit all lead to worsened hygiene condition and higher the risk\nto GBV. In addition, women and girls who cannot access safe facilities might face\nadditional burdens as they may aim to limit their use of facilities, which can lead to\nreduced food and water intake.\n\n**Health:** According to the existing referral mechanism in place by the Ministry of Gender,\nChildren and Social Action (MGCAS), there are three entry points of services for any\nvulnerable groups and potential GBV survivors: health facilities, social action and the\npolice. Health facilities with trained staff and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits for\nrape survivors to perform clinical management of rape (CMR), and specialized\npsychosocial intervention are only available at district or provincial hospital.\n\nAs social workers can be the first point of entry for many GBV survivors, they need to be\ntrained to deliver psychosocial support. Pre-crisis reports further point out that\nspecialized knowledge on treating survivors of GBV is often not sufficient in the health\nfacilities: women who seek help after physical violence are not always properly consulted\nprior to being sent back home [(Slegh 2010).](http://medanthrotheory.org/site/assets/files/3123/slegh.pdf) Therefore, there is also a need to train\npersonnel in health facilities.\n\nCyclone and floods have caused major damage to at least 93 health centers (Health cluster,\n4/2019). More complete assessment on health facilities are ongoing, however field visits\nsuggested that district level hospitals in Nhamatanda, Dondo, Buzi and Beira districts are\nfunctional, despite some structural damages. However information on the overall\navailability of stocks and supplies of PEP kits remains a gap [(HeRAM, 2019).](http://www.herams.org/) The\nadministration of PEP within 72 hours of a reported rape case is vital to save lives of\nsurvivors, especially considering the high prevalence rate of HIV in the population.\nPreliminary health facility assessments have showed that around 55% of assessed health\nfacilities in Sofala province do not have PEP kits available (FHI360, preliminary data on health\nfacility assessments, 4/2019).\n\nIn the majority of displacement sites people reportedly have no problem accessing health\nfacilities, and in more than 70% it is reported that health facilities have female staff.\n80% key informants reported that women are seeing health professionals during\npregnancy [(DTM R2, 4/2019). The MRA findings in six districts show that in more than half of](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\ncommunities women have access to sexual and reproductive health care. In Gondola and\nSussendenga districts, the nearest health facilities in most locations are reportedly very\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9791873693466187, - "start": 124, - "end": 127 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene", - "confidence": 0.9501475095748901, - "start": 112, - "end": 118 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6494597792625427, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sofala", - "confidence": 0.7052931189537048, - "start": 143, - "end": 144 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9648514986038208, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.6125908493995667, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection cluster", - "confidence": 0.5889095664024353, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5090593099594116, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displacement sites", - "confidence": 0.5499433279037476, - "start": 211, - "end": 213 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9540075063705444, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection cluster", - "confidence": 0.669607400894165, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7234102487564087, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health facility assessments", - "confidence": 0.502017617225647, - "start": 869, - "end": 872 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sofala province", - "confidence": 0.8504071831703186, - "start": 883, - "end": 885 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.86538165807724, - "start": 773, - "end": 774 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health facilities", - "confidence": 0.7193732261657715, - "start": 751, - "end": 753 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n\ndifficult to access. As a result of the cyclone and floods, people in remote affected areas\nface challenges accessing district hospitals.\n\nTo ensure a private and protective environment, there is a need to refurbish the maternity\nwards, where the survivors are treated. Further, the administrative offices of the Women\nand Children\u2019s Protection desk need to be rehabilitated, so a private and protective\nenvironment can be restored for women and girls to report confidentially.\n\n**HIV:** It is estimated that almost 1.6 million people, including more than 90,000 children,\nare infected with HIV in Mozambique. More than half of those infected are women, and\n[15% of pregnant women aged 15\u201349 are HIV-positive (ODI, 2014). The prevalence rate](https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9073.pdf)\nof HIV in the population aged 15-49 is 13.2% (15.4% in women and 10.1% in men).\nSofala has a higher rate (16.3%) than other affected districts [(DHS, 2015). Furthermore,](https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12_SP.pdf)\nwomen and girls are particularly affected by the epidemic because they usually lack the\n[power to refuse unsafe sex, choose their partners or influence sexual behavior (ODI 2014).](https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9073.pdf)\n\n**Sexual and Reproductive Health:** According to the latest estimation, about 438,000\nwomen affected by the cyclone are of reproductive age (15-49). Among those, 64,000\nwomen are estimated to be pregnant and more than 37,000 women in affected areas\nare estimated to give birth in the next three months. Among those giving birth, up to\n9,600 may be at risk of complications during their pregnancy in the next three months.\nThey will they will need access to functioning health facilities and care (UNFPA, 4/2019).\n\n**Shelter:** According to the Demographic Health Survey some 28% of people in Sofala did\nnot have electricity. A further 28.9% of people lived in a cement house, 36.9% in an\nearthen mud-house [(DHS, 2015).](https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12_SP.pdf)\n\nAccording to the latest DTM there are currently over 13,600 people hosted in 24\n[displacement sites in Beira (DTM R2, 4/2019). This includes five planned sites, the remainder](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\nare temporary transit sites including schools and public buildings. Site plans of the five\naccommodation centers suggest that currently up to 5\u20136 families are sharing one tent,\n[and averagely 12m\u00b2 space is available per person (calculated based on CCCM site plans](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mozambique/infographic/temporary-relocation-sites-layout) and\n[DTM Round 2, 4/2019). The SPHERE standards prescribe a minimum of 30m\u00b2 for camp-like](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\nsettlements. Overcrowding and inadequate privacy for women and girls are observed,\nwhich is a risk to GBV.\nWhile the site plans are designed to follow minimum standards and provide suitable\nliving conditions, many elements have contributed to increased vulnerabilities and\noverstretched capacity on site: ad-hoc relocation plans, lack of sensitization among\nsurrounding communities, lack of communication to the population, and a lack of\n\n\n\nsystematic allocation of tents (Protection Monitoring, 4/2019). It is also reported that more than\nhalf of the sites do not have adequate lighting in any common place; which is considered\na major risk to GBV and can hamper the freedom of movement of women and girls [(DTM](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\n[R2, 4/2019). The MRA in Dondo district shows that in more than half surveyed locations,](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\npeople have been sleeping in open areas. In Buzi all but one location there were\nsurveyed families who reported they were sleeping outside (MRA, 4/2019). Sleeping out in\nthe open is unsafe and can increase the risk of GBV to women and girls.\n\n**Documentation:** The affected population have lost most or all of their documents during\nthe cyclone. This include identity documentation and other vital certificates. An estimated\n19% of people in Sofala already did not have birth certificates or registration in 2015\n[(DHS 2015). The lack of mechanisms to facilitate attainment of these documents is likely to](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\nhinder access to services, including enrolment in schools and engagement in some\nlivelihood activities (Protection cluster, 4/2019). A lack of basic needs, or possibility to engage\nin livelihood activities, will lead to faster depletion of coping mechanisms of the affected\npopulation. This means that negative coping mechanisms including those that pose a\nhigher risk to GBV will be adopted faster. A lack of engagement in school for children\nalso increases the risk of child labor and exploitation.\n\n\n**Eviction** : Assessments in the displacement sites suggested that 11 (3 in Nhamatanga\n[district and 8 in Beira district) out of 41 sites reported there is an eviction threat (DTM R2,](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\n[4/2019). However the answer is perception-based and it is likely to indicate the lack of](https://displacement.iom.int/reports/mo\u00e7ambique-\u2014-ciclone-tropical-idai-inqu\u00e9rito-dos-locais-de-deslocamento-beira-dondo-e)\ncommunication and sensitization to the displaced population. In multiple reports the\nimportance for communities to get timely and clear information on relocation processes is\nemphasized (Protection cluster, 4/2019).\n\n\n**Child Protection:** Over 28% of households in Mozambique have adopted children [(DHS](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\n[2015).](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf) Almost 50% of young Mozambican women aged 20-24 years were married\n[before the age of 18, while 14% were married before the age of 15 (CARE, 3/2019).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Regional-RGA-Cyclone-Idai-29032019.pdf)\n\nAccording to MRA in Dondo, among children under 14 years old, a total of 22.3% were\norphan by father (13.2%), by mother (6%) or both parents (3%). The assessment further\nshowed that in six affected districts, helping out the family by doing chores and other\nwork are among the main reason children (both boys and girls) are not attending schools.\nIn about 10% of locations assessed, communities reported that they have noticed there\nare children disappearing (or being trafficked). In almost 40% of assessed locations\ncommunities reported having come across children who are forced to work to provide\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9945871829986572, - "start": 377, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7614012956619263, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.9163025617599487, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sofala", - "confidence": 0.8742786049842834, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7774344682693481, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.7720010280609131, - "start": 428, - "end": 429 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DTM R2", - "confidence": 0.6508771181106567, - "start": 446, - "end": 448 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beira", - "confidence": 0.6691179275512695, - "start": 444, - "end": 445 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5930290222167969, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n\nfood and other goods (MRA, 4/2019). Being out of school and engagement in other\nlivelihood activities increase the exposure to GBV risks.\n\n#### GBV PROTECTION NEEDS\n\nAffected population, displaced population and estimated affected women at\nreproductive age who could be at risk of GBV in all affected provinces\n\n\n\nAffected districts in Sofala Province \u2013 affected, displace population and\nestimated women at reproductive age\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Affected
Province|Affected
Population
(INGC Ponto de
Situacao, 10
April)|Total Displaced
Population
(INGC Novo Centro
Update, 4 April)|Estimated affected women at
reproductive age (15 \u2013 49)
(*Calculated based on two
sources: Affected
population[INGC] * % of
women at reproductive age
[2017 census])|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Zambezia|6,035|5,235|
1,417|\n|Tete|54,721|2,655|
12,021|\n|Manica|262,890|13,115|
60,040|\n|Sofala|1,190,594|120,995|
288,480|\n|Inhambane|422|-|
103|\n|**Grant Total**|**1,514,662**|** 142,000**|
** 362,061**|\n\n\n*Note on different data sources:\n1. According to the latest DTM (round 2, 10 April) assessments in 41 displacement sites, there are\na total 13,616 people who are displaced in 24 sites in Beira. The table above uses the INGC\nsource for a more complete presentation of the displaced population across whole Safala province.\nHowever the INGC displacement data is dated 4 April for all provinces.\n\n2. The number of estimated women at reproductive age (WRA) is based on a calculation of the\naffected population [INGC] * % of WRA [2017 census]. The total number is different than the\nUNFPA estimated figures in above paragraph, because the methodology of calculation and sources\nare different (INGC figures are not used in the latter calculation).\n\n\n\n|Affected District|Affected
Population
(INGC Ponto de
Situacao, 10
April)|Total Displaced
Population
(INGC Novo Centro
Update, 4 April)|Estimated affected women at
reproductive age (15 \u2013 49)
(*Calculated based on two
sources: Affected population
[INGC] * % of women at
reproductive age [2017
census])|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Beira|436,640|
15,393|
114,073|\n|Nhamatanda|273,676|
56,342|
61,766|\n|Dondo|166,511|
19,737|
39,880|\n|B\u00fazi
|154,332
|
16,714

|
37,196

|\n|Marromeu
|41,810
|


|
9,344

|\n|Muanza|36,525|
7,635|
7,869|\n|Gorongoza|28,460|
550|
6,338|\n|Mar\u00edngu\u00e8
|26,900
|


|
6,085

|\n|Caia
|12,040
|


|
2,751

|\n|Cheringoma
|7,060
|
490

|
1,544

|\n|Chibabava|3,975|
4,134|
1,008|\n|Machanga|2,335|
|
552|\n|Chemba|330|
|
74|\n|**TOTAL**|** 1,190,594**|
** 120,995**|
**288,480**|\n\n\n**Gender based violence:** The post disaster multi-sectoral assessment (MRA) in Dondo and\nBuzi districts reported that families are resorting to negative coping strategies to meet\ntheir most basic needs and risks of GBV was reported (MRA, 4/2019). There were also\ncases of sexual exploitation and abuse by people in positions of power in the community\nand village chiefs when assigning relief items. This entailed forcing women and girls into\n[sex in exchange for food and other relief items (Jornal de Noticias, 4/2019).](https://observador.pt/2019/04/14/mocambique-mulheres-forcadas-a-ter-sexo-em-troca-de-ajuda-humanitaria/)\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.7688988447189331, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "assessments in 41 displacement sites", - "confidence": 0.8018024563789368, - "start": 361, - "end": 366 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Safala province", - "confidence": 0.6756207942962646, - "start": 402, - "end": 404 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5714796185493469, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "INGC", - "confidence": 0.6442621946334839, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Safala province", - "confidence": 0.830592930316925, - "start": 402, - "end": 404 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5887627601623535, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected population", - "confidence": 0.6122468113899231, - "start": 438, - "end": 440 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "INGC figures", - "confidence": 0.5813087821006775, - "start": 476, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "post disaster multi-sectoral assessment", - "confidence": 0.9900408387184143, - "start": 995, - "end": 999 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MRA", - "confidence": 0.9951258301734924, - "start": 1000, - "end": 1001 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dondo and\nBuzi districts", - "confidence": 0.9180721640586853, - "start": 1003, - "end": 1007 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9598374962806702, - "start": 1033, - "end": 1034 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n\nIn times of disaster the prevalence of GBV increases and new forms of violence emerge.\nRape, trafficking, early marriage and other forms of violence against women tend to\n[increase in times of conflict and natural disasters (CARE, 3/2019). GBV happens everywhere](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Regional-RGA-Cyclone-Idai-29032019.pdf)\nin all contexts and is recognized as one of the most pervasive yet most under-reported\nforms of violence in the world. Any GBV prevalence data needs to be treated with\nextreme caution. Field visits to district hospitals suggest that the functional hospitals have\nreceived less cases in comparison to the pre-crisis situation, which can be an indication of\nincreased challenges in access to services or increased reporting barriers for the affected\npopulation.\n\n\nStressed living conditions and tensions in communal living spaces expose people to a\nhigher risk of GBV as people live in crowded and less safe environments. Economic\nhardship and loss of livelihood are likely to trigger negative coping strategies, like early\nand forced marriage, in the need to engage in survival sex or sex work for food and\nmoney etc.\n\n\nPrior to the cyclone, women and girls already faced GBV protection needs: According to\nthe latest Demographic Health Survey [(2015),](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf) 24% of women aged 18 \u2013 49 are estimated\nto have suffered physical violence since the age of 15. A further 6% of women aged\n18\u201349 are estimated to have experienced sexual violence. 12% of women report having\nbeen forced to have sex in their lives. Those who experience physical violence _only_ are\nmore likely to seek help than those who only experience sexual violence. Among those\nwho are survivors of physical violence within the marriage, an estimated 13% suffered\nfrom eye injuries, burns, or sprains. A further 23% is estimated to have suffered sexual\nviolence as well [(DHS 2015).](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\n\n\nIn Sofala, 6.5% of women aged 15\u201349 thought it was acceptable for a husband to beat\nhis wife. [1] When posed the same question, 13% of men in Sofala thought it was\nacceptable to beat their wife. In particular, arguing and refusing to have sex were seen\n[as legitimate reasons to beat a wife (DHS 2015). Within this environment, keeping silent is](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf)\nthe most adopted way for women to cope and is considered to increase their individual\n[chance to survive (Slegh, 2009).](http://medanthrotheory.org/site/assets/files/3123/slegh.pdf)\n\n\n1 Thought it was acceptable for a husband to beat his wife in one or more of the following instances: burning\nfood, arguing with husband, leaving the house without informing the husband, not taking care of the children,\nwhen hitting the children.\n\n\n\nThe challenges of survivors to seek help include but are not limited to access constraints\nto service providers, fear of stigmatization, and ostracization. With limited presence of\ndistrict level services, most GBV cases are settled through traditional courts by community\ncommittees. It is critical to take into account the power dynamics of the households in any\ncommunity engagement and programme design, survivors are not serviced properly when\n[they need to risk their family\u2019s protection in order to stand up for their rights (Slegh, 2009).](http://medanthrotheory.org/site/assets/files/3123/slegh.pdf)\n\n#### INFORMATION GAPS AND NEEDS\n\n\n - Critical demographic data disaggregated by sex and age remains a gap for\nmost vulnerable population groups, e.g. female headed households.\n\n - More complete data on damage and impact is still to be obtained with\nimprovement of humanitarian access.\n\n - More granular level information needed at community level on GBV protection\nneeds\n\n - Assessment/survey data using different data collection methods that are not\nlimited to key informants are needed. Surveys, FGD with women groups,\ncommunity committee are recommended.\n\n#### LESSONS LEARNED\n\n\n - Adolescent girls are often at high risk of GBV, yet not always specifically\ntargeted for provision of reproductive healthcare. Specific attention should be\npaid to adolescent girls who often do not access healthcare due to their age,\n[lack of decision-making power, and limited access to care (UNFPA GBViE Minimum](https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/GBVIE.Minimum.Standards.Publication.FINAL_.ENG_.pdf)\n[Standards 2015)](https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/GBVIE.Minimum.Standards.Publication.FINAL_.ENG_.pdf)\n\n - The GBV prevalence rate in Sofala province is high. Strong evidence exists\nregarding the risks GBV poses for HIV, specifically among women, and\nnumerous studies have highlighted the benefits of tackling GBV and HIV as twin\nepidemics [(WHO, 2004). GBV integration into HIV prevention programmes that](https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/pht/InfoBulletinIntimatePartnerViolenceFinal.pdf)\naddress social and cultural norms that support inequalities in the family,\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV prevalence data", - "confidence": 0.9525222182273865, - "start": 94, - "end": 97 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CARE", - "confidence": 0.6459741592407227, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.7765952348709106, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8714514970779419, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.7996862530708313, - "start": 144, - "end": 146 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.998475968837738, - "start": 229, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8815549612045288, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9955857992172241, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.5135170221328735, - "start": 216, - "end": 219 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic data", - "confidence": 0.8237636089324951, - "start": 631, - "end": 633 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable population groups", - "confidence": 0.868903398513794, - "start": 643, - "end": 646 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Assessment/survey data", - "confidence": 0.6084480285644531, - "start": 688, - "end": 692 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sofala province", - "confidence": 0.561700165271759, - "start": 797, - "end": 799 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5221292972564697, - "start": 786, - "end": 787 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\ncommunity and institutions [(FHI360, 2015)](https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-spt-cap-mozambique-gbv-integration.pdf) should be included as a response\nstrategy in the medium and long term.\n\n\n - With the onset of the drought in Mozambique (2016), many families have used\nchild marriage as a coping mechanism to raise income (through dowry) or to\nreduce the number of dependents per household [(CARE, 3/2019).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Regional-RGA-Cyclone-Idai-29032019.pdf) Girls are at\nincreased risk of GBV as they are married off for dowry. As described above,\nmany families have lost documentation as a result of the cyclone and subsequent\nfloods. This makes it more difficult for children to attend school. In addition, many\ncommunities observed children who had to work. Being out of school exposes\nchildren to higher risks of GBV and may also contribute to more child marriage.\n\n#### LIMITATIONS\n\n\n - Prevalence of GBV or number of GBV cases reported are never an indication\nof needs or risks. Numbers should be interpreted in close reference to the\ncontext and it should be considered that GBV is underreported in most contexts.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Prevalence of GBV", - "confidence": 0.6008219122886658, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n#### Response Capacity\n\nThe response capacity to protection needs of women and girls are threefold in the\naftermath of the emergency: government institutions which provide specialized health\ncare, psychosocial support, social care, legal and judicial assistance; community-based\norganization, who work closely with relevant line ministries, and perform communitybased case management and referral for vulnerable people in need; humanitarian\npartners (UN, INGOs etc.) who are providing support to disaster-affected population.\n\n\nHumanitarian partners\n\n - Currently provide limited and scattered services on prevention and\nmainstreaming, not response.\n\n - Service provision is concentrated in Beira cities and evolved around\naccommodation centers/displace sites, non-specialized psychosocial support,\npsychosocial first aid is the most common service provided in and near sites.\n\n - Community engagement through NFI distribution (dignity kits) is the main\nintervention for risk mitigation and has highest number of locations and\nbeneficiaries reached, even still very limited in terms of quantity.\n\n - Efforts are made towards strengthening and reinforcing the government-led\nintegrated GBV services, including bringing government social workers to\nmajor sites for referral and case management.\n\n - There is a need to provide more psychosocial support, more training on\npsychosocial first aid for community activities/volunteers and more specialized\ncapacity in providing psychosocial intervention.\n\n - With the unfold of the crisis and scale up of humanitarian response, more than\n180 organizations and agencies are providing humanitarian assistance. More\nconstant GBV mainstreaming and risk mitigation through all cluster response and\nhumanitarian partners is required, especially when carrying out distributions,\nthrough site planning and programme designs.\n\n - Many humanitarian agencies\u2019 operations are time-bound and are subjected to\nfunding status, which poses challenges on continuity and consistency. More\ncapacity building of government counterparts and community-based\norganizations are needed for more sustainable and long term recovery.\n\n\nGovernment Response\n\n\n\nCommunity based organizations\n\n - Based in communities, with networks of trained community volunteers /activists\nfor referral and case follow-up\n\n - Depends on which line ministry CBOs are working with, some has focuses on\nSRH, some on GBV and others provide integrated services i.e. nutrition\nservices, health, legal counselling.\n\n - These CBOs train and maintain the activists network covering whole Safala\nprovince, however the resources are limited, some have chosen to focus on\nbuilding capacity of government counterpart (health staff etc.)\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n- The Multisectoral Mechanism for Integrated Assistance to Women Victims of\nViolence in 2012 outlines the three pillars of services/points of entry for\nintegrated GBV response: specialized health services, social action and police.\nThe system also encompasses further legal assistance if required by the\nvictim/survivor.\n\n- Within this integrated mechanism, the victim/survivor can seek help by\ncontacting either of these services. Regardless of the service point of entry\n(health, social action or police), the respective service provider must ensure the\nvictim/survivor/vulnerable individuals is referred to all other pillars of the\nservice provision.\n\n\n\n_Specialized health_\n_service provider_\n\n\n\n_Social Action, GBV_\n_service provider_\n\n\n\n\n\n_Police_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Secondary Data Review\n# GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE \u2013 Mozambique: Cyclone Idai and Floods\n\nAPRIL 2019\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1768724f-8804-35b0-8607-23d0920f063f/190415_GBV_Secondary-Data-Analysis_Cyclone-Idai_MOZ_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_170/raw/doc_170_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_170/raw/doc_170_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e7fcf98c658af0cb1c1894dc79db7a4ca0667f69..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_170/raw/doc_170_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,442 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n##### BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\nJANUARY - JUNE 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n### ACRONYMS\n\n|Acronym Definition|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**AIPD **|Action Initiative for Peace and Development|\n|**AUN**|American University of Nigeria|\n|**BOWDI**|Borno Women Development Initiative|\n|**CRC**|Child Right Convention|\n|**CRA**|Child Right Act|\n|**CCCM**|Camp Coordination Camp Management|\n|**CtA**|Call to Action|\n|**CJTF**|Civilian Joint Task Force|\n|**DGO**|Data Gathering Organization|\n|**FGD**|Focus Group Discussion|\n|**FIDA**|International Federation of Women Lawyers|\n|**FHI360**|Family Health International|\n|**FAO**|Food and Agriculture Organization|\n|**GBV**|Gender-based Violence|\n|**GBVIMS**|Gender-based Violence Information Management System|\n|**IDP**|Internally Displaced Person|\n|**IED**|Improvised Explosive Device|\n|**IEC**|Information Education Communication|\n|**ISP**|Information Sharing Protocol|\n|**IOM**|International Organization for Migration|\n|**LGA**|Local Government Area|\n|**NSAG**|Non-State Armed Group|\n|**NE**|North East|\n|**NCDC**|Nigerian Civil Defence Corps|\n|**NBA**|Nigerian Bar Association|\n|**NFI**|Non-Food Items|\n|**NHCR**|Nigerian Human Right Commission|\n|**PSEA**|Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse|\n|**PAG**|Protection Action Groups|\n|**PSWG**|Protection Sector Working Group|\n|**SAFE**|Safe Access to Fuel and Energy|\n|**SOP**|Standard Operating Procedures|\n|**SEA**|Sexual Exploitation and Abuse|\n|**SGBV**|Sexual and Gender Based Violence|\n|**UNHCR**|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|\n|**UNFPA**|United Nations Population Fund|\n|**WFP**|World Food Programme|\n|**WASH**|Water Sanitation and Hygiene|\n\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FHI360", - "confidence": 0.7507878541946411, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n#### **95%**\n\nenergy needs\n\n#### **85%** **70%** **78%**\n\n\nrelatives\n\n#### **1,142**\n\n\nProtection incidents, particularly Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) as well as Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\n(SEA) remains the major concerns in the north east of Nigeria.\n\nProtection needs for SGBV and SEA are huge and complex. The inter-agency capacity to respond remain insufficient\nand challenging (poor coverage of specialised services, inadequate Individual case management in some locations,\npoor quality of collected data, drastic reduction of financial resources) in the current security situation.\nInaccessibility to certain areas and socio-cultural constraints has led to under reporting of SGBV incidents by the\ncommunity. Therefore, establishing the real scale of SGBV among women, girls, men and boys internally displaced and\nreturnees in north east of Nigeria during and after the conflict remains a challenge.\n\nRisk mitigation of SGBV and improvement of quality of services is one of the main UNHCR\u2019s Global Strategic Objectives\n(GSP). Since January 2018, UNHCR in partnership with national and international organization is implementing its\nglobal SGBV strategy based on 3 pillars: Identification, Response and Prevention.\n\nThrough protection monitoring, focus group discussions and vulnerability screening, UNHCR and partners reported that\na considerable number of IDPs and returnees experienced rape, abductions, child and forced marriage, undesired\npregnancies, sexual exploitation, physical assault, denial of resources, etc. in the hands of Boko Haram before flight\nand during captivity, in the countries of asylum and in IDPs camp in Nigeria.\n\nAs of end of 2017, UNHCR, WFP and FAO carried out an assessment on \u00ab safe access to fuel and energy \u00bb within\nBorno state among IDPs, returnees and host population. The finding shows that **95%** of the population interviewed\ndepend on firewood and charcoal for their daily cooking energy needs and **85%** indicated that they face protection risk\nduring collection of firewood. Unfortunately, **70%** of them have no access to the wood fuel resources in the immediate\nenvironment.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\nWoman and children under 18 especially girls have been negatively impacted by the crisis (lack of access to basic\nneeds, SGBV, SEA, Abduction, etc.) and their level of vulnerability has increased; most of them are widows or single\ndue the high rate of men killing during the conflict and also the current detention of some men for investigation purposes\nby the military. Women are now carrying the responsibility of feeding their families.\n\nThe change of gender role in IDP\u2019s households with a limited access to resources, both economic and social, restriction\nof movement for security reasons, reduction of assistance package and targeting of the most vulnerable represent a\nreal risk in term of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) and Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) for women,\nmen, boys and girls in the camps and host communities.\n\nMany allegations of SEA in exchange for resources (money, assets, food etc.) by security actors as well as influential\ncommunity members and humanitarian workers have been reported by IDP\u2019s.\n\nUNHCR\u2019 interventions happen in a mixed situation where most returnees especially in Borno state have found\nthemselves rather in IDP\u2019s camps given the fact that they are not able to proceed directly to their areas of origin, due to\nrisk of non-state armed group\u2019s attacks and IEDs. This Insecurity and lack of basic services and resources (clothing,\nshelter, education and health facilities, income generating activities) in some areas of return has resulted in additional\nchallenges for female-headed households and widows, increasing their vulnerability to rape, exploitation and abuse,\nsexual harassment, forced and child marriage as well as domestic violence.\n\nIn many Local government areas particularly in Borno state, there is not yet the presence of civil authorities with almost\na breakdown of law leading to impunity for SGBV perpetrator.\nThe current report presents SGBV cases identified by UNHCR and its partners from January to June 2018. The objective\nis to analyse the trends of SGBV among IDPs in North east in order to develop an effective evidence-based prevention\nand response program.\n\n### SGBV \u2013 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS\n##### PILLAR I: IDENTIFICATION\n\n\nFrom January to June 2018, **1,142** cases of SGBV ( **1,087** females and **51** males were reported to UNHCR and its\nprotection monitoring partners through community based mechanisms established in **32** Local Government Areas in\nBorno, Adamawa and Yobe states (Damboa, Gwoza, Mungono, Pulka, Banki, Dikwa, MMC & Jere, Ngala, Damasak,\nBama, Hong, Gombi, Maiha, Mubi North, Mubi South, Michika, Madagali, Fufori, Girei, Song, Yola North, Yola South,\nPotiskum, Nguru, Damaturu, Fune, Nangere, Bursari, Bade, Gujba, Karasuwa).\n\n**1.** Monthly trends of identified SGBV cases among IDP\u2019s\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJanuary February March April May June\n\n\nFrom the graph above, there has been a drastic increase of identified SGBV cases in April 2018 due to the influx of new\narrivals (IDP\u2019s) from liberated areas following the military operations in Borno states.\n\n###### Indicator: # of reported incidents of SGBV: 1142\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\n**2.** Incidents of SGBV per States\n\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, UNHCR and its partners identified the largest number of SGBV cases in Borno State ( **88%** ).\n\n\n1,001\n\n\nYobe Adamawa Borno\n\n\nSince the beginning of the crisis, Borno State has the highest number of IDP\u2019s in the North East due to the multiple\nsecurity hotspots unlike Yobe and Adamawa States.\n\n\n\n1,001\n\n\n\n\n\nYobe Adamawa Borno\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe highest number of identified SGBV cases was reported in Pulka and Dikwa. The 2 LGAs have received many new\narrivals during the month of April 2018.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.7709126472473145, - "start": 0, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Incidents of SGBV per States", - "confidence": 0.7907156944274902, - "start": 36, - "end": 41 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6760568022727966, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8997231125831604, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES", - "confidence": 0.535830557346344, - "start": 9, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8665401935577393, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\n**4.** Profile of SGBV survivors\n\nSex of Identified survivors\n\nBoth male and female experienced Sexual and Gender Based violence during the reporting\nperiod, although Women and girls are disproportionally targeted. During the reporting period,\n**95%** of survivors were women and girls. However, many cases of SGBV particularly\nperpetrated on men and boys remained under reported. In fact, culture, taboos and absolute\nlack of reporting have refrained the understanding of the scope of SGBV among males who\ncontinue to suffer from the consequences in silence.\n\n\n\n\n\nAge of survivors\n\nOut of the **1,142** survivors, more than half were under 18 ( **67%** ) and almost **97,5%** were girls. Collected data shows that\nchildren particularly girls under 18 are impacted by the crisis.\n\n**5.** Typology of reported SGBV incidents\n\nDuring the reporting period, a total of nine typologies were monitored among which eight different types were identified.\n\n\n\nForced Marriage/Child Marriage\n\n\nPhysical Assault\n\n\nDenial of Ressources, Opportunities or Services\n\n\nRape\n\n\nSurvival Sex/Sexual Exploitation\n\n\nSexual Assault\n\n\nPhychological/Emotional Abuse\n\n\nFemale Genital Mutilation\n\n\nHuman Trafficking\n\n\n\n\n\n642\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIncidents reported during this period showed forced and child marriage as the most common type of SGBV identified\namongst women and girls.\n\nIt is important to note that the methodology used for data collection as well as classification of GBV typology between\nthe GBVIMS and the UNHCR SGBV incident report is different. For example, in the GBVIMS Q1 Report, among all\nincidents of GBV, Physical Assault was the most reported, followed by psychological/emotion al abuse and denial of\nresources while for the UNHCR SGBV incident report identified more cases of Forced/child marriage, physical assault\nand denial of resources. The difference seen are because (1) UNHCR protection monitors actively seek and collect data\non protection issues in target communities, whereas for GBVIMS data is collected at the level of service provision (2)\nchild marriage is socially, culturally, and religiously accepted which reduces the number of self-reported cases in the\nGBVIMS whereas for the UNHCR SGBV protection monitoring, all minors under 18 years identified as being marriedeven if not reported by the survivor- are classified as an SGBV case.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.7654390931129456, - "start": 0, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8073709607124329, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES", - "confidence": 0.6709687113761902, - "start": 9, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8584977984428406, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5116507411003113, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collected data", - "confidence": 0.6293809413909912, - "start": 175, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SGBV incident report", - "confidence": 0.6858465671539307, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5846222639083862, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.836174726486206, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\n1. Forced and Child marriage\n\nForced and child marriage represents the highest number of SGBV cases identified during the reporting period ( **56%** ).\nThere has been a clear increase of reported child marriage and forced marriage cases during the period of April 2018.\nThis particular trend seems to be related to new arrival of people in IDP camps after military operations (e.i. Pulka,\nDikwa, Bama).\n\nChild marriage is very common in IDP communities in North east. During the reporting period, **53%** of SGBV cases were\nrelated to child marriage and all the survivors were girls.\n\nIn a focus group discussions (FGD) on child marriage organised in Bama by UNHCR\npartner (AIPD), girls aged 10 to 15 stated that some of them were forced to get married by\n\ncultural believes, religion and the lack of Education as the root causes of their decision for\nearly marriage. The girls mentioned that they prefer to get married early but with a person\nof their choice to avoid getting forcibly married to a member of NSAG.\n\nIt is important to note that child marriage in the context of Borno state is a serious concern and requires extra effort by\nall actors.\n\nIn addition to socio-cultural and religious factors, the crisis has exacerbated the protection risks children face. Child\nmarriage is perceived by girls as a protective measure against violence, abuse, harassment and sexual exploitation by\nnot only the members of their community but also and above all by the NSAG.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn Nigeria, the fight against child marriage remains challenging due to the ambiguity on the minimum age of marriage\ndespite the adoption of Child Right Act (CRA) since 2003. This legal document has been adopted for the purpose of\ndomestication of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). This law is yet to be applied. In fact, in Nigeria,\nfor any legal document to enter into force it needs to be adopted by all the 36 states. The CRA has been adopted by 24\nstates including Borno and Adamawa states. Under the Sharia, marriage is allowed if a girl reaches the age of puberty\nwhich could be as low as 9 years old.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Protection actors (Child protection, GBV, education and Health partners) should strengthen actions against child\nmarriage in NE.\n\n - Advocacy to the Borno and Adamawa States Government and the House of Assembly in Borno and Adamawa\nstates to pass the Child\u2019s Right Act to ensure the protection of all children.\n\n - Community awareness on the negative impact of child marriage.\n\n - Capacity building of actors on child protection case management particularly child marriage.\n\n - Develop Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials on Child and Forced Marriage\n\n\n2. Physical assault\n\nFrom January to June 2018, **17%** of survivors reported physical assault. Women represented **78%** of survivors. Analysis\nof collected data showed that this form of violence is generally perpetrated by relatives (spouse, partner, etc.) in a\ndomestic environment.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\nDuring the focus group discussions organised by UNHCR and its partner with internally displaced persons in Banki\ncamp, men spoke about the targeting approach for humanitarian assistance which is almost \u201cwomen oriented\u201d; as one\nof the main cause of domestic violence. The perception of the men is that, humanitarian workers are only targeting\nwomen as recipients of assistance, and this is placing men in a vulnerable position as compared to women. The\nineffective implication of men and boys as primary and secondary beneficiaries limits their knowledge of humanitarian\ninterventions, thus, promotes power change within households as women and girls are direct beneficiaries. This\nunprepared power change frustrates men and boys; making them to become aggressive.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Protection actors to engage men and boys through sensitization and capacity building with the objective of\nreducing if not eradicating abuses and violence caused by the perceived power change.\n\n - UNHCR as well as other humanitarian actors\u2019 interventions should be dynamic and inclusive in the sense that\nmen, boys, women and girls are involved in the project life cycle and allocated space for men and boys in\nassistance.\n\n\n3. Survival Sex/Sexual exploitation\n\nSurvival sex and Sexual exploitation remain a big issue and is extensive in all locations in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe\nstates despite the under reporting of the incident.\n\nIt occurs within a pre-existing situation of gender inequality; lack of livelihood opportunities, reduction of assistance,\ntargeting approach for delivery, restriction of movement, high number of women whose husbands are missing or have\nbeen killed etc. This context increases the level of vulnerability of women and girls to sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\nDuring the reporting period, **7%** of survivors reported to UNHCR and partners, having been sexually exploited in the\ncamps.\n\nWomen and girls are the most affected groups and are often left impregnated without any means to cover their daily\nbasic needs.\n\nSurvivors have identified community members particularly volunteers of humanitarian organisations and the CJTF\nmembers as perpetrators.\n\nDuring the Focus group discussion organised in Bama by UNHCR\u2019s partner AIPD, woman and girl reported that they\nhave experienced sexual exploitation from NSAG during captivity.\n\nWomen and girls described how Aid workers and Civilian JTF members are taking advantage of the lack of food, and\nbasic needs such as condiment to coerce women into unwanted sexual relationships some of which involve being\navailable for sex on an ongoing basis.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\nA 20-year-old woman said: \u2018They will give you food but, in the night, they will come back around 5pm or 6pm and they\nwill tell you to come with them. One [Civilian JTF] man came and brought food to me. The next day he said I should take\nwater from his place [and I went]. He then closed the tent door behind me and raped me. He said I gave you these\nthings, if you want them we have to be husband and wife\u2019.\nOther women said that they were also coerced into becoming \u2018girlfriends\u2019 of aid workers to save themselves from\nstarvation.\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\n\u201cThe soldier showed his interest by bringing me food and clothes. I accepted him because I needed help to take care\nof me and my three children. Feeding in the camp is difficult so you have to accept any help that comes. We started\nhaving sex in my camp tent \u2013 my sister who was sharing it with me left \u2013 or at night in the open field. Five months later\nwhen I realized I was pregnant and told him, he stopped coming. I have not seen him since then. I feel so ashamed\nbecause my neighbours talk and stare at me. I cry whenever I think about him. I delivered the baby two months ago but\nhe is also suffering \u2013 I eat once a day so [am] not producing enough milk to breast feed him well. Things are so bad in\nthe camp, there is no means for livelihoods especially for women.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n\n - Humanitarian actors to continue extending livelihood support to the most affected categories as an alternative\nsurvival package, and at the same time provide opportunities for economic empowerment of Women and girls.\n\n - Capacity building and awareness sessions be conducted for influential community members as well as the\navailable community structures and the CJTF on SGBV particularly sexual exploitation.\n\n - Community based complaint mechanism be put in place as a strategy to reduce sexual exploitation and abuse\nin IDPs camps.\n\n - A join risk assessment exercise by PSEA focal point be conducted in Bama IDP camp as soon as possible to\nidentify risk points and suggest appropriate prevention measures.\n\n - UNHCR, UNFPA and other actors should think about the link between SGBV and reproductive health program\n(family planning, etc.) to better support survivors\n\n - SEA awareness should continue among UNHCR staff as well as partners\n\n - Humanitarian actors should support training of trainers on SEA for military in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states\n\n\n4. Rape and Sexual assault\n\nWomen and girls have reported incidents of rape and sexual assault in **7.5%** of case. Majority of reported incidents\noccurred in the camps during the night around sanitary facilities (latrines and showers) and out of the camps (in the\nbush) during the day whilst collecting firewood.\n\nWomen and girls in Banki reported during a focus group discussion that they don\u2019t feel safe in the camp due to the lack\nof light during the night. They mentioned that they have to accompany their daughters to the toilet in the night to prevent\nany sexual assault.\n\nDespite the written indication on some latrines and showers in camps in Borno state, the newly arrived IDPs found\ndifficult to recognised it during the night particularly for girls.\n\nThe joint assessment (UNHCR, WFP and FAO) conducted on safe access to fuel and energy within Borno State among\nIDP\u2019s, returnees and host population showed that **95%** of the interviewed population depend on firewood and charcoal\nfor their daily cooking energy needs and **85%** indicated that they faced protection risks (rape, sexual assault, abduction,\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\netc.) most often during firewood collection which is not any more available in the immediate environment; meaning that\nthey have to travel to unsecure places to get firewood.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Humanitarian actors through the SAFE working group should strengthen and promote alternative source energy\n(briquette, stove distribution) and encourage individual lighting distribution (i.e. solar lamp distribution) for\nwomen and girls.\n\n - Protection Sector Working Group (PSWG) should continue its advocacy with the WASH sector to raise the\nconcern of signalisation of latrines and showers with luminescent paint in order to increase visibility during the\nnight.\n\n - PSWG should continue to advocate to the CCCM sector to take into account SGBV prevention and response\nin relation to all the services provided in the camps.\n\n - Provision of solar lanterns/lamps and night solar powered lights in the camps.\n\n - Innovative approaches such as introduction of SGBV activists and as well hotlines to improve SGBV reporting\nand referral\n\n - Support the effort to form and train Male Action/Engagement groups in the IDP camps to prevent SGBV\n\n\n5. Denial of resources, opportunities and services\n\n\nDenial of resources, opportunities and services have been reported in 8% of cases mostly by women.\nAnalysis of monitoring reports showed that when the men get married with a second wife, they transfer the food voucher\nto the newly married wife preventing the first spouse and her children from access to food. Most of the women who find\nthemselves in such situation preferred to be separated/divorced from their husbands in order to secure their own food\nration card to feed their children.\n\nMany other women mentioned that they are facing many challenges in accessing food during general distribution due\nto the lack of ration card.\n\nAdditionally, women and girls identified as \u201cBH wife\u201d reported during the FGD, that due to their status, it was very difficult\nfor them to be registered and access food ration card (e.i. Dikwa, Dalori, etc.).\n\nIn Borno state, focus group discussions and field visits (Ngala, Banki) indicated that due to cultural constraints, women\ndon\u2019t have access to the market to work as sellers. Women reported that they are allowed to sell only from house to\nhouse. This situation exposes women to different risks as most of them are single heads of families. Selling from house\nto house has many challenges which include: Being tedious particularly for women who nurse infants that cannot be\nleft at home alone; It also increases the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse among women and hinders women\u2019s\neconomic independence as their potential customers by nature of their house to house business take items on credit.\nThis would not be the case if they were to sell their items in the market place where buyers pay in cash.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Humanitarian as well as development actors need to expand a tailored livelihood program taking into account\nthe cultural constraints of women\n\n - Humanitarian actors should explore innovative community- based approaches to promote equal gender norms\n\n - To an extent, PSWG should explore possibility of involving the Alternative Dispute Resolution process in the\nmediation at community level.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n##### PILLAR II: MULTISECTORAL RESPONSE\n\n358\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPsychosoical support Material support Legal assistance\n\n\n1. Access to justice\n\nUnder UNHCR access to justice project, **70** survivors of SGBV ( **6%** ) agreed that their case to be filed in the court., **44**\ncases are still pending in the court, while **22** have been disposed of, by either granting the plaintiff relief for divorce by\nrepayment of dowry to the husband or by compelling the husband to pay for his wife and/or children maintenance as\nprovided by law. Prison sentences have been given to perpetrators of SGBV in **5** cases in Adamawa and Yobe state.\nIn Borno state, cases of survival sex/sexual exploitation are either disposed by convicting the culprit or discharging him\nby striking out of the case for lack of locus standi/proof, as required under Section 387 of the Penal Code Law, Laws of\nBorno State 1994.\n\nMajority of the cases are still solved through friendly traditional or traditional conflict resolution mechanisms, alternative\ndispute resolution process. This is the major barrier to access on justice, and it apparently will most likely sustain\nimpunity.\n\nHowever, despite the funding challenges experienced by UNHCR to expand access to justice and legal response project\nin all the LGAs in Borno and Adamawa state, UNHCR and its partner NBA (in Borno), FIDA (in Adamawa) are following\nup on referred SGBV reported cases by providing legal assistance to the survivors and the family.\n\nCurrently, in Borno state, the justice system in the LGAs is not complete due to the absence of mobile courts, where\njustice would be dispensed and a limited presence of the police personnel, who have responsibilities to arrest,\ninvestigate and prosecute crimes and offences perpetrated, such as SGBV cases.\n\nAs of now, UNHCR supports two mobile courts in Bakassi and Gubio road IDP camps in Maiduguri, Borno state which\nenhances accessibility of legal services for the displaced population including SGBV survivors.\n\n###### Impact Indicator: # of reported cases of SGBV for which survivors received legal support: 701142\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Protection actors should scale up its interventions out of Maiduguri and Jere LGAs in Borno and strengthen\nsupport in Adamawa and Yobe states\n\n - UNHCR should review its 2018 project in order to include advocacy, community sensitization and awareness\nto promote use of justice system\n\n - Advocacy should continue for the return of civil administration particularly judiciary system and institution of\nadministration of justice structures\n\n - Build the capacity of stakeholders and government counterpart on response; prevention and legal assistance\nto SGBV survivors\n\n - Encourage establishment and training of Local Barraza Courts and available community structures (Religious\nleaders, cultural leaders, opinion leaders etc.) on National Laws and legal jurisdictions\n\n\n2. Access to Psychosocial Support\n\nDuring the reporting period, SGBV focal points of UNHCR partners have provided psychosocial support to identified\nvictims. In locations where UNHCR partners does not have capacity, identified victims have been referred to other\npartners such as IOM, fhi360 and Chad.\n\nA total of **268** survivors ( **23%** ) were provided with a basic psychosocial support by UNHCR partners focal points.\nIn Borno states, according to the SGBV focal points in the field particularly Ngala LGA, survivors are reluctant to be\nreferred for psychosocial support due to lack of confidentiality from some community volunteers. This situation negatively\naffects the access to available psychosocial services.\n\nUNHCR will strengthen psychosocial services (safe spaces, counselling, community empowerment, etc.) during the\nsecond semester in 6 LGAs in Borno states in partnership with fhi360 (Banki, Dikwa and Ngala) and BOWDI (Bama,\nGwoza and Pulka).\n\n###### Impact Indicator: # of reported SGBV incidents for which survivors receive psychosocial counselling: 268\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - There is a need of permanent sensitization and education of community volunteers on confidentiality\n\n - SGBV focal points as well as PAG members and protection monitors should be trained in psychosocial support\nto insure its integration at community level at early stage\n\n\n3. Access to Material Support\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, **31.3%** of identified survivors ( **358** ) received material support in term of non-food items\ndirectly from UNHCR partners. Some other survivors where referred to other organisation for material support.\n\nIt is important to notice that not all identified survivors are in need of material support. Upon arrival, all IDPs receive\nsystematically CRI assistance per household.\n\nAnalysis has showed that survivors of denial of resources, child marriage and sexual exploitation are the ones in need\nof material support most of the time.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n###### Impact Indicator: # of reported SGBV incidents for which survivors receive material support: 358\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - SGBV focal points in the field should assess on an individual basis the need of material support of the survivors\n\n - SOPs should be developed to facilitate access of survivors to material support\n\n##### PILLAR III: PREVENTION\n\n\n1. Capacity Building\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, a total of **236** partner staff, government and IDPs community (PAGs members) were trained\nin 3 modules on SGBV prevention and response (introduction of SGBV in humanitarian settings, Preventing SGBV and\nMulti sectoral response) as well as protection from sexual exploitation and abuse in Borno.\n\nIn March 2018, UNHCR supported training for **27** security actors (Nigerian police, Nigerian army, CJTF, NCDC) on\nPSEA.\n\nIn June 2018, UNHCR trained **85** Immigration Officers on SGBV in humanitarian setting and PSEA in Borno, Adamawa\nand Yobe States.\n\n###### Impact Indicator: # of partner, government and UNHCR staff trained on SGBV prevention and response :236\n\n\n2. Women economic empowerment through livelihood:\n\n\nLivelihood is a main pillar for UNHCR in terms of prevention of SGBV.\nThe objective aims at fighting against harmful measures to survive such as survival sex/sexual exploitation by\nempowering women economically through skills acquisition and start up kits for business.\nUnder UNHCR livelihood Project in partnership with AUN, **555** IDPs ( **324** females and **231** males) have been trained in\nlivelihoods and vocational training, financial, literacy and business development in Borno State.\n\n\nRecommendations:\n\n - Humanitarian actors should scale up the livelihood interventions to cover more beneficiaries\n\n - There is a need to engage men and boys, community leaders in order to prepare them to the change of\neconomic power and to see themselves as secondary beneficiary and change agents.\n\n - To ensure sustainability of cooperatives, it would be better to form them based also on their future areas of\nreturn. It should not be based on their current location which is a temporary displacement\n\n\n3. Field Visits\n\n\nFrom January to June 2018, UNHCR SGBV unit conducted field visits in Borno state (Banki, Ngala, Dikwa, Bama, Pulka,\nMunguno,), in Adamawa state (Yola and Mubi), in Yobe state (Damaturu, Kukareta) for coaching and capacity building\nof SGBV focal point, protection monitors and PAGs members and integration of GBV prevention in CCCM.\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.8127607107162476, - "start": 0, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8374722599983215, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES", - "confidence": 0.6222354173660278, - "start": 9, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.780968964099884, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n### OTHER ONGOING JOINT ACTIVITIES\n\nUNHCR and the Call to Action Pilot Initiative in North East Nigeria:\n\nUNHCR is a key stakeholder of the Call to Action on Protection from Gender-based Violence in Emergencies at the\nglobal level. To maximize the value and impact of the Call to Action in Nigeria, global partners working in the Northeast\nNigeria have come together with key government partners at the Federal and State levels as well as civil society\nstakeholders under the leadership of UNFPA to pilot the development and implementation of a Road Map to help close\nthe most pressing gaps in the humanitarian response in the Northeast.\n\nThe stakeholders contributing to the Call to Action Road Map for Northeast Nigeria have chosen to focus their collective\nefforts in five priority areas in 2018-2019:\n\n - Strengthening Coordination to ensure a timely, accountable, holistic, inter-sectoral approach to preventing and\nresponding to GBV.\n\n - Improving Access to Quality Services for Survivors by ensuring that sufficient and timely access to these\nservices is an essential component of the humanitarian response.\n\n - Strengthening the Capacity and Expanding the Engagement of Local Partners to improve GBV prevention and\nresponse efforts.\n\n - Securing Sufficient Funding for GBV programming through improved coordination and advocacy.\n\n - Engaging Security Actors to improve GBV prevention and response.\n\nA mid-year review meeting for the northeast Nigeria Call to Action Road Map is planned for July 2018.\n\n\nGender-Based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS):\n\nUNHCR is a key global partner in development, implementation and the roll out of the GBVIMS at Global level. In\nNigeria, UNFPA acts as the lead coordinating agency of the GBVIMS since 2015 with coordination structures in\nMaiduguri (GBVIMS Technical Working Group), a National Technical Working Group in Abuja, with plans of commencing\ndeep field technical working groups in LGAs with numerous Data Gathering Organisations (DGOs).\n\nIn April 2018, UNFPA appointed a GBVIMS Inter Agency Coordinator who revitalised the whole system through revision\nof the content in the Information Sharing Protocol (ISP), revision of the membership of data-gathering organisations as\nwell as provided technical support and capacity building for existing DGOs.\n\nIn coordination with UNFPA, UNHCR has supported the revitalisation of the GBVIMS by:\n\n - Providing feedback to UNFPA and in-country GBVIMS-IAC on the gaps in the GBVIMS structure i.e. lack of\nexternal data sharing, quality of GBVIMS data, need for regular reports etc. These issues have now been\naddressed and the GBVIMS structure improved with strengthened partnerships.\n\n - UNHCR played a great role in advocacy for the inclusion protection monitoring partners among the DGOs to\nimprove the representativeness of all partners providing protection services across the NE, and not make\nanalysis limited to only case management and psychosocial support actors. GBVIMS-IAC currently in process\nof reviewing potential protection monitoring partner\u2019s suitability for inclusion into the GBVIMS structure.\n\n - UNHCR is a key UN partner for the GBVIMS, is supporting coordination by periodically hosting monthly\nmeetings and had committed to (1) active participation in GBVIMS data analysis sessions (2) provision of funds\nfor capacity building initiatives of all GBVIMS partners, and (3) provision of equipment for new GBVIMS partners\nsupported by UNHCR (i.e. laptop, filing cabinets etc.).\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.6079685688018799, - "start": 0, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8980394601821899, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES", - "confidence": 0.7136790752410889, - "start": 24, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8169354796409607, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9253973960876465, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.7335435748100281, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.670600950717926, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DGOs", - "confidence": 0.5757216215133667, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.631966233253479, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NE", - "confidence": 0.8781353831291199, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE RESPONSE\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n#### NIGERIA : January-June 2018\n\n\n\nFOR BORNO, ADAMAWA AND YOBE STATES\n\n\n### CHALLENGES\n\n\n - The SGBV objective in UNHCR country operation Plan is not adequately funded in 2018 and Lack of adequate\nhuman resources to support monitoring of activities is a major challenge;\n\n - Pre-existing situation of gender inequality among communities in NE and Lack of livelihood opportunities\ncontribute to SGBV;\n\n - Protection incidents including SGBV against women during firewood collection (rape, killing, etc.);\n\n - Insufficient resources to expand livelihood activities including alternatives access to energy (briquette, etc.)\n\n - Increase of the level of vulnerability of women and girls due to the crisis (restriction of movement in some camps,\netc.);\n\n - Abduction of woman and girls by NSAG without a proper monitoring mechanism;\n\n - Child marriage remain a bid issue which need to be seriously address;\n\n - High rate of undesired pregnancies among women and girls;\n\n - Poor quality of available services in some LGAs;\n\n - Big number of women from whom husband are missing or have been killed (widows);\n\n - Allegations of SGBV against member of community, military, CJTF and NSAG;\n\n - Lack of civil administration (judiciary and police) which led to impunity for perpetrators of sexual and genderbased violence at LGA level.\n\n### UNHCR IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS FROM JANUARY TO JUNE 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SGBV Strategic Pilar Partner State|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Identification**|GISCOR, AIPD, SAHEI, NHRC,
CCEPI
AUN, NBA, FIDA|Borno, Adamawa, Yobe|\n|**Prevention**|**Prevention**|**Prevention**|\n|**Multi-Sectoral Response**|**Multi-Sectoral Response**|**Multi-Sectoral Response**|\n\n\n\n[@unhcrnigeriapage](https://www.facebook.com/unhcrnigeriapage/) [@unhcrnigeria](https://twitter.com/unhcrnigeria?lang=en) [@unhcr_nigeria](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_nigeria/?hl=en) [http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga](http://www.unhcr.ng/)\nFor any query, please contact: Dr. Malaika, Snr Protection Officer / SGBV, Protection, Maiduguri: balikwis@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f57dc86-2879-3e9f-a181-fafdfc6af368/66177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_171/raw/doc_171_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_171/raw/doc_171_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 08c015779bb26cd039d8a331ffe3ceb92d186296..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_171/raw/doc_171_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\n**The mission team members included Alistair Boulton, Gregory Garras and Hanan Tabbara**\n**from UNHCR, and Manisha Thomas from the Women\u2019s Refugee Commission. UNHCR**\n**wishes to thank all who took the time to share perspectives with the mission team. A**\n**particular thanks goes to the Women\u2019s Refugee Commission for taking part in the mission.**\n\n\n\nII\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\nIt has been eleven months since the massive\ninflux of Rohingya refugees into the hilly\nand impoverished region of Cox\u2019s Bazar in\nBangladesh began. The pace of arrivals has\nslowed from thousands of people per day to\nabout 8,000 between January and May 2018.\nThe humanitarian operation has had no chance\nto take a step back and reflect, however, as the\nmonsoon season has arrived, bringing with it\nthe prospect of extreme weather, destruction\nof property and potential loss of life.\n\n\nDespite multiple challenges, many aspects\nof the protection response in Cox\u2019s Bazar\nare exemplary. The most striking recent\ndevelopment in this respect is the Government\nof Bangladesh\u2019s agreement to conduct with\nUNHCR a comprehensive verification of the\nrefugee population and to issue family cards\nas well as identification cards to individuals\n12 years or older. Going forward, this complex\nexercise will need to be carefully planned with\nall stakeholders.\n\n\nThe quality and depth of the protection\nresponse, however, remains uneven\nacross sites. Where it has fallen short, the\nanomalous nature of the overall response and\ncoordination arrangements, the unfamiliarity\nand inexperience of many actors with refugee\ncontexts and refugee protection, and the\nspecific restrictions on the staff and activities\nof some protection actors are important\ncontributing factors.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\nThe mission, initiated by UNHCR, was\ncomposed of one NGO representative from\nWomen\u2019s Refugee Commission and three\nUNHCR participants. The mission met with\ncolleagues from UNHCR and humanitarian\nactors as well as refugee men, women\nand youth during an intensive six-day\nperiod in Cox\u2019s Bazar and Dhaka. The\ntiming and limited duration of the mission\nunfortunately meant that several key\nstakeholders could not be met.\n\n\nThe mission report is organized around\na set of five overarching, high impact\nareas of recommendations, followed\nby additional observations on specific\nprotection themes.\n\n\n**The gaps identified in the report and the**\n**recommendations for redressing them are**\n**not confined to UNHCR\u2019s protection efforts,**\n**but to the overall protection response.**\n**They are made while recognizing that**\n**the information available to the mission,**\n**like that to protection actors on the**\n**ground, is limited. With more than one**\n**actor responsible for different aspects of**\n**protection and different geographic areas,**\n**the mission was repeatedly confronted with**\n**the difficulty that the lack of comprehensive**\n**protection information posed to those**\n**responsible for coordinating the protection**\n**response.**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n## **Key Recommendations**\n\n##### **1. Lights, Locks, and Latrines**\n\n\n_**Corrective action is required to remedy**_\n_**the lack of locks, lights and appropriately**_\n_**segregated hygiene facilities.**_\n\n\nSo much has been discussed, workshopped\nand written over the past few decades\nabout the essential role that site layout and\ninfrastructure design play in providing the\nmost basic foundation for the protection of\nrefugee communities. Protection cannot be\nan add-on. It has to inform the layout and\nmanagement of sites and infrastructure, as\nwell as all humanitarian programming. While\nthe topography and space constraints in\nBangladesh pose significant obstacles to\nmany aspects of sound camp layout, it is\ndifficult to understand why basic aspects of\na sound protective layout and infrastructure\nhave, in many instances, been overlooked in\nBangladesh.\n\n\nKey protection considerations, including, first\nand foremost, the systematic involvement of\nrefugee s in the planning of infrastructure,\nsegregating toilets and bathing facilities,\nand providing them, as well as shelters, with\nlocks that can be secured from within, and\nstrategically placed solar lighting appear to have\nbeen treated in many sites as optional extras\nthat can be retro-fitted after the fact. Where\nthey do not exist, **camp level plans to bring**\n**infrastructure up to minimum standards with**\n**respect to lights, locks and latrines need to be**\n**urgently developed and implemented. At the**\n**same time, a reflection needs to be undertaken**\n**by the responsible technical sectors about how**\n**these fundamental omissions took place so**\n**corrective measures can be taken.**\n\n\n##### **2. An Operational Plan Underpinned** **by Protection**\n\n_**Develop an operational plan underpinned**_\n_**by protection with partners, which includes**_\n_**essential protection infrastructure, review of**_\n_**how sectors are incorporating the response\u2019s**_\n_**four pillars of protection and enhanced**_\n_**protection coordination in the refugee sites,**_\n_**Cox\u2019s Bazar, and Dhaka.**_\n\n\nThe lack of protection considerations in\nvarious sectors continues to have an adverse\nimpact on the safety of refugees. In addition to\ninfrastructural oversights \u2013 such as the lack of\nlights, locks and segregated hygiene facilities\n\n- refugees and others also highlighted the\nlack of activities for youth, the lack of access to\nvocational training and livelihoods opportunities,\nand safe means by which to collect firewood\nas factors compounding their vulnerability. The\nhilliness of the sites and the significant distances\nwithin them make it difficult for many refugees,\nparticularly older people and people living with\ndisabilities, to access services.\n\n\nThe overall response remains siloed by sectors,\nwith a complicated coordination structure and\nunclear accountabilities for protection. More\nthan one interlocutor noted that many sectors\nseem to be working in a \u201cprotection void.\u201d\n\n\nA _protection framework_, which underpins\nthe March-December 2018 Joint Response\nPlan (JRP), underscored the importance of all\nactors putting protection at the centre of the\nhumanitarian response. [1 ] **It is critical for all actors**\n**to come together at this mid-term juncture**\n**to critically review how each of the sectors is**\n**currently incorporating the**\n\n\n\n1 The four pillars of the protection framework in the JRP are: 1) Securing the identity of refugees through registration and documentation **;**, 2) Strengthening\nthe protective environment for refugees through improved access to information and services of national systems; 3) Addressing critical living conditions\nin refugee settlements to reduce protection risks of vulnerable refugees, promote alternatives to potentially harmful coping mechanisms and improve\nsocial cohesion; and 4) Preparing for durable solutions in the short- and mid-term by promoting refugee self-reliance, and by working with development\nactors alongside central and local government authorities.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**four protection pillars of this jointly-agreed**\n**framework in their response and to identify**\n**and prioritize any needed changes.**\n\n\n**An operational plan to complement the**\n**protection strategy in the JRP is needed to**\n**ensure that protection is fully incorporated**\n**across the response.** The mid-term review of\nthe JRP Protection Strategy provides an ideal\nopportunity to take stock of and agree among\nprotection partners and all sectors the priority\nactions needed to create a more protective\nenvironment in the sites. In developing such\na plan, **mapping the \u201cessential protection**\n**infrastructure\u201d** **[2]** **required in all sites will help**\n**to identify both redundancies and gaps to be**\n**filled.** The mapping should involve government\nand all other relevant actors and aim at a\nrealistic template of protection infrastructure\n_essential in each site._\n\n\nLinked to the development of this operational\nplan is the need to **enhance protection**\n**coordination at all levels: in the refugee sites,**\n**in Cox\u2019s Bazar, and in Dhaka** . It was observed\nby more than one interlocutor that while there\nare many coordination meetings, coordination\nitself remains a gap, with organizations\nannouncing what they are doing rather than\nwhat they are planning and implementing\ntogether to minimize gaps and avoid\nduplication. With 26 sites plus extensions,\ncoordinating protection responses in detail\nis only possible at camp level. For example,\ncoordinating messaging on protection-related\nissues and ensuring full coverage of the sites\nby the numerous outreach teams can only\nbe effective at camp level ( _see further below_\n_under Accountability to Affected Populations_ ).\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\nThe recent introduction of the multiorganizational camp-level protection focal point\nsystem offers an encouraging way forward\nin this respect. **These focal points should**\n**be supported by all stakeholders to work**\n**closely with existing camp level coordination**\n**structures to avoid a siloed approach.** The\nimproved camp level protection coordination\nshould feed strategic and overarching issues to\nthe Protection Working Group (PWG) in Cox\u2019s\nBazar. The PWG currently provides essential\ninformation, but it could helpfully evolve to take\non more coordination functions, in an inclusive\nmanner. **Creating a smaller, representative**\n**task force within the PWG committed to**\n**working closely with UNHCR could help**\n**bring about this more inclusive and strategic**\n**approach.**\n\n\nStrategic protection issues that cannot\nbe resolved in Cox\u2019s Bazar are referred to\nDhaka level where they can be raised with\nthe appropriate stakeholders, including\ngovernment representatives. The workinglevel forum for protection discussions in\nDhaka is currently limited to UNHCR and its\nimplementing partners. **Consideration** s **hould**\n**be given to expanding these working level**\n**discussions to include other operational**\n**partners to facilitate the broadest possible**\n**understanding, agreement and advocacy**\n**base for addressing identified issues.**\n\n\n\n2 A blanket term used to refer to all forms of protection intervention, from \u2018hard\u201d infrastructure such as community centers, to \u201csoft\u201d\ninfrastructure, such as referral pathways or communication channels.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n##### **3. Representative and Accountable** **Governance in the Sites**\n\n\n_**There is an urgent need to transition to**_\n_**representative and accountable camp**_\n_**governance based on proven models for**_\n_**refugee contexts.**_\n\n\nBy all accounts, current camp governance,\nwhich relies heavily on the _majhi_ system of\nappointed refugee leaders, presents significant\nprotection challenges. _Majhis_ were introduced\nin Cox\u2019s Bazar during the 1991-92 influx, when\nthe Bangladesh Army selected Rohingya male\nleaders to act as direct focal points between\nthe refugee population and government\ndecision makers. Owing to widespread\nprotection concerns including reports of\nabuse of power, exploitation and corruption,\nthe system was abolished in 2007, and it was\nreplaced, in the registered sites, by elected\nrepresentatives organised in camp and block\ncommittees. In the 2017 emergency, the _majhi_\nsystem was revived when the army appointed\nnew _majhis_ on an ad-hoc basis to help manage\nthe new refugee influx.\n\n\nToday, _majhis_ are the unelected spokespeople\nfor the Rohingya communities in Cox\u2019s Bazar.\nThey do not have clear or codified roles\nor responsibilities. Their remits vary from\ncamp to camp. Some m _ajhis_ have taken it\nupon themselves to mediate disputes and to\nadminister justice, at times in contravention\nof humanitarian and human rights principles.\n**This has given rise to a system that is**\n**unaccountable, unrepresentative and**\n**with significant negative implications for**\n**protection** . Some of the concerns expressed\nby protection actors and refugees included\nallegations of _majhi_ involvement in extortion,\ndiversion of aid, sexual exploitation, and human\ntrafficking. Discontent with _majhis_ has led in\nsome cases to violence.\n\n\n\nWhile there appears to be agreement amongst\nstakeholders on the urgency of addressing the\nchallenges of the present camp governance\nsystem, there is much discussion but no\nagreed approach across the twenty-six sites\non how this ought to be done in a coordinated\nand uninform manner. In early 2018, UNHCR\nBangladesh issued a guidance paper which\noutlines a camp governance model that is\ncommunity-focused and inclusive of women,\nmen and youth. The model, which has proved\nto be effective in other refugee situations and\nhas been endorsed by the Refugee Relief\nand Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC), was\nrecently, successfully applied in the Shal\nBagan camp in Nayapara. **The approach**\n**described in the guidance represents**\n**a sound basis for moving forward with**\n**elections across all sites. All concerned**\n**actors should come together as soon as**\n**possible to agree on a plan to further**\n**implement elections using this government-**\n**endorsed methodology. Failure to act in**\n**a timely and decisive manner on this key**\n**issue will come at a further cost to refugee**\n**protection.**\n\n##### **4. Addressing Constraints** **on Humanitarian Space**\n\n\n_**Limitations on humanitarian space need**_\n_**to be addressed in a more concerted and**_\n_**protection-centric manner.**_\n\n\nThe protection response in Cox\u2019s Bazar is\nundermined by the difficulties confronting nonUN actors endeavouring to provide protection\nservices, which have not been designated by\ngovernment as \u201clifesaving\u201d. While there have\nbeen significant efforts on the part of the UN\nto facilitate dialogue with the government\nand to ease restrictions on international NGO\nregistration, visas, and FD7s (the category of\npermission required for NGOs to undertake\nemergency projects for refugees), many\nNGOs are still confronted daily by a thicket\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of regulations and procedures in order to be\nable to implement programmes. For example,\nonce an FD7 is approved, there are still several\nfurther steps to be undertaken at both district\nand camp level before items can be delivered\nor used in a camp \u2013 with the risk that items\ncan be rejected just before entering a camp.\n\n\nBecause of these regulatory issues, NGOs\ndoing protection work are overly reliant on\nUN funds, which some NGOs feel has the\npotential to create unhealthy power dynamics.\nIn addition, as protection is not officially\ndesignated as life-saving by the government,\nit has been difficult for many INGOs to bring\ntheir long-standing expertise on protection\nto the response or to help build the capacity\nof some national NGOs that are new to a\nrefugee response and may not be familiar with\nrefugee protection principles and approaches.\n**Efforts by the UN and donors to address**\n**this important issue at all levels should**\n**continue to help facilitate the ability of**\n**INGOs to deliver protection programmes in**\n**a timely manner and to help build protection**\n**capacity across the response.** Investing\nmore in working with concerned government\noffices to engender a deeper understanding\nof the central role that protection plays in\nfostering stability and social harmony within,\nand between, host and refugee communities\nis an aspect to be considered in this regard **.** At\nthe same time, **INGOs and other actors must**\n**commit to bringing in an increased number**\n**of experienced senior staff, with refugee**\n**protection understanding, to address**\n**concerns raised in the management of**\n**programmes hitherto by inexperienced staff.**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n##### **5. Accountability to Affected** **Populations**\n\n\n_**Coordinate, consolidate and rationalize**_\n_**Community-Based Protection initiatives on a**_\n_**camp-by-camp basis, including for reporting**_\n_**and responding to sexual exploitation and**_\n_**abuse.**_\n\n\nA number of organizations present in Cox\u2019s\nBazar, including protection actors, have\ninvested heavily in establishing mechanisms\naimed at providing channels for refugees to\nreceive information, report protection and\nother problems, lodge complaints and receive\nfeedback in relation to individual concerns,\nas well as issues of concern to the broader\ncommunity. These initiatives, at various stages\nof implementation, include hotlines, \u201cstatic\u201d\nfacilities such as help desks, community/\nwomen\u2019s/children\u2019s spaces, complaints boxes\nand mobile teams of community outreach\nvolunteers dealing with a wide range of issues,\nincluding health, WASH and SGBV response.\n\n\nBuilding these mechanisms, and ensuring that\nrefugees trust and utilise them, is a labourintensive undertaking, requiring expertise,\nextensive training, monitoring, and time. It\nis difficult to overstate the importance of\nthese Community-Based Protection (CBP)\ninitiatives in the establishment of a protective\nenvironment for refugees in Cox\u2019s Bazar. That\nsaid, **it is essential that all concerned actors**\n**come together constructively to coordinate,**\n**rationalize and consolidate the myriad (CBP)**\n**initiatives** **on a camp-by-camp basis.**\n\n\nCBP actors also play a key role in the\nprevention and response to sexual exploitation\nand abuse. The recent adoption by the\nStrategic Executive Group (SEG) of an interagency strategy on the prevention of sexual\nexploitation and abuse by humanitarian\nworkers is welcome. Continued strengthening\nof coordination at camp level on awareness\nraising and complaints procedures is essential.\nWhile the team was advised that some actors\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\nhave taken extensive internal measures\non Protection from Sexual Exploitation and\nAbuse (PSEA), **to ensure that all actors**\n**involved give this issue top priority, PSEA**\n**should be a standing item on the agenda**\n**of the coordination meetings of all sectors** .\n**Organisations should also come together at**\n**the Inter Sector Coordination Group (ISCG)**\n\n## **Other Observations**\n\n##### **Protection Capacity Building**\n\n\nAcross the response, it is clear that many\nactors lack sufficient knowledge of protection\nprinciples, particularly as these relate to\nthe work of individual sectors. In line with\nthe protection framework, all sectors and\norganisations have clear responsibilities to\nensure protection mainstreaming throughout\nall programmes. **Further protection capacity**\n**building is needed for all partners, as is an**\n**increased emphasis on engaging staff with**\n**more protection expertise.** Critically, this\ncapacity building and exchanges on best\npractices should also include all relevant\ngovernment officials, particularly officials\nworking at camp level.\n\n\nDespite concerted efforts at the ISCG level,\nas noted earlier in this report, the evidence on\nthe ground continues to reflect the fact that\nmany sectors lack implementation informed by\nprotection considerations. **While protection**\n**must remain fully engaged at the ISGC, the**\n**most effective way to supplement protection**\n**mainstreaming at the PWG and ISCG levels in**\n**the Bangladesh operation potentially lies in**\n**the newly established protection focal point**\n**system at camp level. All concerned should**\n**come together to make this newly agreed**\n**system a success.**\n\n\n\n**level to identify training needs and agree on**\n**a common, shared resource strategy to meet**\n**these.** While humanitarian organizations can\ncarry out administrative investigations, without\nrecourse to the judicial process to ensure\ncriminal investigations where appropriate,\nthere is a very real risk that perpetrators will be\nrecycled within the system.\n\n##### **SGBV**\n\n\nWhile there has been major progress in the\npast months in many sites in putting in place\nSGBV prevention, mitigation and response\nmechanisms, adequate coverage across all sites\nremains elusive and, where present, the quality\nof SBGV service delivery remains decidedly\nuneven. In theory, all camp residents have\naccess to health response services, although\nwith varying degrees of ease. A much smaller\npercentage of the population has access to\nspecialized Mental Health and Psychosocial\nSupport (MHPSS). While limited legal aid is\navailable to SGBV survivors wishing to pursue\na case in court, huge court backlogs, uneven\napplication of national systems and procedures\nby the responsible authorities and other issues\nmean that the legal pathway in most cases is\nsimply not a viable option.\n\n\nIn terms of the major challenges faced, SGBV\nservice providers cited the limited number of\nstaff with established SGBV expertise, low\ncapacity in newly recruited staff, and high staff\nturnover as some of the key ones. Government\nrestrictions on protection actors have, according\nto those concerned, limited the ability of INGO\nSGBV actors to fully address these. Additionally,\ndata on SGBV remains uneven, owing in part\nto challenges regarding data management and\nsharing amongst SGBV actors. Data challenges\nnotwithstanding, key actors agree that intimate\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\npartner violence perpetrated against women, to survivors of trafficking who come forward\nmany involving drug use by the perpetrator, and seeking assistance, as are other channels\nchild marriage are the most prevalent SGBV through which family members can report cases\nissues in the sites. and seek assistance. To date, relatively few have\n\ndone so according to protection actors.\n\n**Reaching consensus among key protection**\n**actors over what constitutes \u201cessential** While humanitarian actors have a role to play\n**protection infrastructure\u201d per site, including** with regard to these difficult issues, it must be\n**essential SGBV services, may be a helpful** clearly stated that many key aspects of dealing\n**way to make the argument to government** effectively with these very serious and complex\n**for additional staffing and programming.** protection challenges are beyond the capacity\nMeanwhile, the ongoing SGBV capacity building of the humanitarian community to address.\ninitiative being undertaken by some agencies **With the government\u2019s agreement, UN and**\nshould continue. **Longer term initiatives** **other actors with expertise in the areas of**\n**to strengthen access to justice and law** **human and drug trafficking, notably UNODC,**\n**enforcement capacity in the refugee hosting** **should be encouraged to establish a presence**\n**areas of Bangladesh are also critical and are** **in Cox\u2019s Bazar.**\n**appropriate as an area of priority focus for**\n**development actors.**\n\n\n##### **Human Trafficking and Drugs**\n\nAs has been extensively documented, well\norganized and resourced transnational criminal\nnetworks operate in Cox\u2019s Bazar. With no viable\nalternatives, it is no surprise that refugees would\neasily fall prey to the financial allure of the drug\ntrade, the false promise of a job offered by a\ntrafficking network, or the temporary escape\nof drug use. Several organizations are carrying\nout audio and visual messaging campaigns\nwarning refugees of the profound risks\nassociated with trafficking and involvement with\ndrugs. **These campaigns, of uneven quality,**\n**should be improved, be strengthened and be**\n**better coordinated through improved camp**\n**protection coordination.** **In this respect, the**\n**recent agreement between IOM and UNHCR**\n**to work jointly on awareness raising on these**\n**issues is a very positive development which**\n**can be built on. Both organizations should**\n**work collaboratively with other actors on**\n**the formulation of messaging, as well as**\n**monitoring to understand trends and ensure**\n**appropriate responses.** Response mechanisms\nestablished by SGBV actors are also available\n\n\n##### **Gender Equality**\n\nThe protection challenges in the Rohingya\nresponse - ranging from sexual and gender\nbased violence, trafficking, as well as access\nto facilities, services and safety in the sites\namongst others - have a particularly gendered\nimpact. For women and adolescent girls\nspecifically, the inhospitable topography and\nlong distances, combined with concerns over\nsafety, restrictions on freedom of movement,\nand discriminatory gender norms have a\ndisproportionally negative impact on their\naccess to assistance and services. With few\nexceptions, as highlighted earlier, the current\ncamp governance is problematic for a number\nof reasons, including for its failure to include\nwomen in decision making processes and\ncommunity decision making.\n\n\nAmong the refugee women we spoke to,\n**women-friendly safe spaces were noted as**\n**key for accessing information and support,**\n**as well as for revitalizing and building social**\n**networks** . To address access gaps, it is vital\nthat **regular consultation with refugee women**\n**and girls**, **gender analysis and a better**\n**understanding of the social context informs**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n\n**service provision across all sectors, which**\n**has not been the case to date.** Actors should\nalso **continue to strengthen a transformative**\n**shift in discriminatory gender practices** by\nproviding more targeted awareness raising and\nengaging community and religious leaders, as\nwell as men and boys, in gender equality work.\n\n##### **Education**\n\n\nWith agreement still pending on educational\ncurriculum, the absence of structured and agetargeted learning has failed to meaningfully\nengage children of different age-groups\nand has had detrimental impacts on access\nto education. From our discussions with\neducation actors, it was clear that **strong**\n**linkages between education and protection**\n**are absent and need to be established and**\n**strengthened** . Concerns over remote latrines\nand the absence of gender-segregated\nlearning centers are some of the challenges\nwe heard, particularly impacting adolescent\ngirls. Corporal punishment was also cited as\nan impediment to safe learning. As such, it\nis vital that **education and protection actors**\n**work more collaboratively on the support and**\n**capacity building provided to facilitators to**\n**ensure a protective and conducive learning**\n**environment.**\n\n\n##### **Child and Youth Protection**\n\nThe priorities for child protection are\nthreefold: identifying and meeting the needs\nof approximately 5,000 unaccompanied and\nseparated children in the sites, providing\npsycho-social support services to those\nneeding them and engaging the community\nto improve child protection services. A\nnumber of interlocutors told the mission that\nwhile progress has been made on creating\nchild friendly spaces it is time to go beyond\nstatic efforts and to emphasize quality over\nquantity. While 197,000 of the 400,000\nchildren targeted for psycho-social first aid\nhave been seen, there is a serious shortage of\nexpert capacity to provide follow up support\nfor those with serious needs **. This dearth of**\n**child psychologists and psychiatrists needs**\n**to be addressed.** **And the links between child**\n**education and child protection need to be**\n**better understood, particularly by actors in**\n**other sectors. For children going into foster**\n**care, the absence of systematic government**\n**participation in these placement decisions**\n**needs to be urgently addressed.**\n\n\n**Greater investment in education for youth,**\n**as well as activities such as sports for**\n**adolescent girls and boys are greatly needed**,\ngiven that there are few programmes currently\ntargeting them. The fact that many adolescent\ngirls do not feel safe to leave their shelters\nor are being told not to venture outside by\ncommunity leaders is an issue that must be\nalso be addressed. **Continued engagement**\n**with community and religious leaders**\n**(both Rohingya as well as Bangladeshi) is**\n**important, as is engaging organisations that**\n**are focused on promoting sports and other**\n**activities to target youth.**\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Menstrual Hygiene Management**\n\nWomen and girls of reproductive age\nface significant barriers in the sites. Of\nparticular concern is their ability to manage\nmenstruation safely and with dignity. While\nnumerous actors have distributed dignity\nand/or female hygiene kits, these distributions\nhave not covered the needs. Importantly,\nas highlighted above, the lack of safe and\nprivate facilities, including the complete\nabsence, in some sites, of basic bathing\nfacilities, as well as access to private disposal,\nwashing and drying of materials have meant\nthat women and girls are carrying out such\ntasks late at night, exposed to additional\nprotection risks. **It is vital that WASH**\n**and other actors prioritize the provision**\n**of safe and private facilities as well as**\n**adequate materials to** _**all**_ **women and girls**\n**of reproductive age within a household** .\n**Additionally, information on menstrual**\n**hygiene management should be shared in a**\n**more systematic and coordinated manner to**\n**avoid health risks associated with improper**\n**usage of materials.**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Protection Support Mission - Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n\n##### **Emergency Relocation**\n\n\nBecause of the threats posed by monsoons\nand cyclones, there have been extensive\nefforts in Cox\u2019s Bazar to reinforce the safety\nof the sites and shelters. While the monsoon\nseason has begun, some of those at risk have\nnot yet relocated and the efforts continue.\nWhether for individual/family reasons, because\nof the suitability of the relocation site, or the\napproach taken to the relocation, efforts have\nbeen more successful in some sites than others\nin convincing refugees to relocate for their own\nsafety. In the sites in Kutupalong, for example,\n26,000 refugees in need of relocation refuse\nto be relocated whereas in Unchiparang,\ncommunity discussions led by Oxfam and IOM\nresulted in voluntary relocations of those at\nrisk. The availability of land for relocation of\nthe entire community, early involvement of the\nCamp in Charge, and phased dialogue with the\ncommunities concerned were all factors cited\nas important to the success of this particular\nrelocation. **To the extent possible, lessons**\n**from this successful exercise should be**\n**applied in other situations, going forward.**\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### UNHCR PROTECTION SUPPORT MISSION COX\u2019S BAZAR, BANGLADESH\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a9f6ee5-1a81-32fe-aec4-6a4fa03f9a2a/66347.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_172/raw/doc_172_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_172/raw/doc_172_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3cba790674f47c5b7d57f6279dae2b0c2ff9b262..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_172/raw/doc_172_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,588 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **JORDAN** **PERIODIC ANALYSIS OF SYRIAN WORKERS OUTSIDE CAMPS**\n\nOctober 2018\n\n\nThis periodic analysis of Syrian workers aims to better understand issues around work permits and employment\nfor the 81% of Syrians living outside of camps in Jordan. Further to the analysis done in October 2017 and given\nsome changed regulations, to better understand the current situation of Syrians working in Jordan, this survey\nwas prepared in February, data were collected by April 2018. Recent evidence suggests that over 117,000\nSyrian refugees do some form of work out of the 297,000 of working age (ERF, 2018 [1] ); access to formal work\nhas expanded and the current number of Syrians with valid work permits stands at over 50,000 (MOL, July\n2018).\n\n\nThe below report is based on data collected by telephone by UNHCR and analyzed by a group of practitioners\nof the World Bank (WB), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNHCR, which illuminates selected\ndynamics of working Syrians.\n\n#### **Data Sample Information**\n\n\nBased on data shared by the Ministry of Labour (MoL) with UNHCR, as well as data stored on the UNHCR\ndatabase, random samples allow for a 90% confidence interval, a margin of error of 7.5, and response\ndistribution of 50%. The UNHCR database was used specifically to produce the first two samples: refugees of\nworking age (18 to 59 years) were included.\n\n\nSample\nGroup Population Reached\nsize\n\n\n\n1. UNHCR registered, working age, don\u2019t have a work permit, working\n\n\n\n1. UNHCR registered, working age, don\u2019t have a work permit, working 125\n\n5,508 self-reported 118 148\nin construction %\n\n2. UNHCR registered, working age, don\u2019t have a work permit, working\n\n100\nin other sectors 38,548 self-reported 120 120\n\n\n\nin construction %\n\n2. UNHCR registered, working age, don\u2019t have a work permit, working\n\n\n\n%\n\n\n\n3. UNHCR registered, have work permits in construction profession\n\n\n\n3. UNHCR registered, have work permits in construction profession 103\n\n1,376 111 114\nthrough an employer %\n\n4. UNHCR registered, have a work permit in construction through 101\n\n9,361 119 120\nGFJTU %\n\n\n\nthrough an employer %\n\n4. UNHCR registered, have a work permit in construction through 101\n\n\n\n%\n\n\n\n107\nTotal 468 502\n\n%\n\n**Group/sample 1:** UNHCR registered, of working age, without a work permit, working in construction [2] . The\npopulation of this group was **5,508** individuals.\n\n**Group/sample 2** : UNHCR registered, of working age, without a work permit, working in other sectors. The\npopulation of this group is was **38,548** individuals.\n\n\n1 The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan, Belal Fallah, Caroline Krafft, and Jackline Wahba\n2 Data relies on self-reporting\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PERIODIC ANALYSIS OF SYRIAN WORKERS OUTSIDE CAMPS", - "confidence": 0.7596112489700317, - "start": 10, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8863128423690796, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "JORDAN", - "confidence": 0.9830895662307739, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6162432432174683, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6195018291473389, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.649591326713562, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9188339114189148, - "start": 230, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7339888215065002, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees of\nworking age", - "confidence": 0.6617103219032288, - "start": 272, - "end": 276 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR registered", - "confidence": 0.5321413278579712, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\nFor Group/Samples 3 and 4, both UNHCR and MoL databases were cross-checked against the Ministry of Interior (MoI) ID\nregistration in both databases. This crosscheck was run in order to include only those registered as refugees and exclude nonrefugee Syrians residing in Jordan. The number of matched records was much lower than expected because the MoI ID is indicated\nin MoL database for 51,054 of the 65,534 individuals including renewals of work permits. After running the crosscheck query,\n14,690 were matched. In the absence of sectorial records in the MoL database, a filter was applied to the occupation field,\ndepending on personal judgment on whether or not a specific occupation falls under the construction sector:\n\n\n**Group/sample 3** : UNHCR registered, have a valid work permit in a construction profession through an employer: **1,376** Syrian\nrefugees who obtained a work permits through their employers.\n\n\n**Group/sample 4** : UNHCR registered, have a valid work permit in construction through the General Federation of Jordanian Trade\nUnions (GFJTU) **: 9,361** Syrian refugees who obtained a work permits through the GFJTU.\n\n**Group 5:** Some Syrian refugees reached during the survey having work permits in sectors other than construction were reached\nmost probably because they were unmatched in the crosscheck with the MoL database and were shown as \u201cnot having work\npermits\u201d. This group was excluded from the analyses because it is not random.\n\nThe survey used random sampling to better reflect characteristics of the wider population of each group. In the findings section\nbelow; findings per group were included under each area and are consequently representative by group. Whenever multiple\ngroups were combined for analyses; weights were not applied and are consequently indicative rather than representative.\n\n#### **Communicating with Refugees**\n\n\nStaff members from UNHCR reached out to Syrian refugees working formally and informally to conduct the survey by using the\nhelpline facility at UNHCR. The purpose of the survey was clearly explained to refugees at the beginning of each phone call: \u201c _Hello_\n_Mr. /Ms. _____________. I'm from UNHCR. We would like to better understand the employment situation of Syrians in Jordan. I_\n_would like to ask you a few questions about your employment situation. Your answers will be used for survey purposes only and_\n_will help us improve programming. Your answers will NOT be used in any decisions about provision of assistance or services to you_\n_and your family. If you are concerned about answering such questions, please tell us now, in which case we will not proceed. Is it_\n_OK to ask you a few questions?_ \u201d All contacted refugees participated in the survey and answered the questions.\n\n\nAt the end of each call UNHCR staff members stressed the fact that the survey is purely for analytical purposes and not a casemanagement theme, noting _\u201cI would like to reassure you that UNHCR policy is that asylum seekers should not be denied any_\n_benefits or services on the basis of their work status. I also want to reiterate that this survey was only to help us understand the_\n_issues refugees are facing. Your responses will not be connected with your name and case number and will not affect any of the_\n_services that you are currently receiving or might receive in the future. Thank you for your time and patience_ .\u201d\n\n\nUNHCR along with partners put together the questionnaire for this survey, considering the changes in the legal framework\ngoverning Syrian refugees\u2019 access to the labour market between 2017 and 2018. Some questions were applied to all respondents\nwhile others were applied only to those working in construction.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MoL database", - "confidence": 0.6624277830123901, - "start": 74, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.6349168419837952, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MoL database", - "confidence": 0.8525259494781494, - "start": 268, - "end": 270 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7438665628433228, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.9893474578857422, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8543597459793091, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7893432378768921, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9850382208824158, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.970511257648468, - "start": 370, - "end": 372 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9932178854942322, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8062863349914551, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR staff members", - "confidence": 0.5901065468788147, - "start": 538, - "end": 541 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9460432529449463, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.8934028744697571, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.644582986831665, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9289566874504089, - "start": 651, - "end": 652 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5055974125862122, - "start": 680, - "end": 681 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9789719581604004, - "start": 671, - "end": 673 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n## **FINDINGS**\n\n#### **Duration and Stability**\n\n\nAlmost half of the respondents work with diverse agreements and duration of employment; this includes both written and verbal\ncontractual arrangements with the employer and includes those working formally and informally.\n\n\n_Chart 1: Durations of Contracts with Employer(s) \u2013 including Verbal Agreements_\n\n\n_Chart 2: Duration of Agreement_\n\n\n47% of Syrians working with or without work permits haven\u2019t agreed with their employers on the duration of contracts or verbal\nagreements. By group, those having permits through an employer (group 3) most often work without any specific agreement\nduration.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\n_Chart 3: Duration of Contracts or Agreements with Employers by Group_\n\n\nOn duration of work with current employer regardless the availability of contractual or verbal agreement, a large percentage of\nSyrian refugees interviewed have worked for less than three months with their current employer across groups 1 to 4.\n\n\n_Chart 4: Duration of Work with Current Employer, by Group_\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers", - "confidence": 0.9565239548683167, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8654534816741943, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9631637334823608, - "start": 39, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\nThe chart below shows the relation between the sector and the duration of the contract or agreements between Syrian workers and\ntheir employers. The majority of Syrian refugees working in constructions **work for a non-specific duration** . In agriculture, Syrian\nrefugees most often work **at a daily rate.** The situation of Syrian refugees working in food and beverage (restaurants and catering),\nmanufacturing (other than garment), and in retail and wholesale seem to be **more stable** and have more monthly contracts or\nagreements with their employers.\n\n\n_Chart 5: Duration of Contracts with Employer(s) by Sector_\n\n#### **Construction Sector, With or Without Work Permits**\n\n\nThe survey reached 366 Syrian refugees working in construction sector / with or without WP. As mentioned; most of them work\nunder the non-specific duration agreement schemes, or at a daily rate.\n\n\n_Chart 6: Employment Situation in the Construction Sector_\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers", - "confidence": 0.8055775761604309, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5654065608978271, - "start": 144, - "end": 145 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7115446925163269, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9628382325172424, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\n**Self-employed workers being paid by the building owner is the prevailing situation for Syrian refugees working in construction in**\n**general**, followed by those who work for contractors/ private companies. Very few of the construction groups (1, 3, 4) work as a\ncontractor or informally bringing on other workers.\n\n\n_Chart 7: Current Work Arrangements in the Construction Sector by Group_\n\n\nGiven that Syrians were able to cross the borders to Jordan easily before the crisis; 28% started to work in Construction in Jordan\nbefore the start of the crisis. Those who have arrived during or after the crisis started to work in the construction sector at the same\nyear of arrival or after in most of the cases. In other words; those have started at year of arrival or after.\n\n\n6\n\n\n|Year|Last entry to Jordan|Start of working in construction in Jordan|\n|---|---|---|\n|2010 or before|20|107|\n|2011|35|24|\n|2012|105|43|\n|2013|138|73|\n|2014|44|44|\n|2015|4|26|\n|2016|3|18|\n|2017|4|20|\n|2018|5|3|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\nHaving 28% seems very high, supposedly they used to move forth and back between Jordan and Syria. This survey is unable to\naddress the cause behind such percentage because it does only ask about the year of _last_ entry.\n\n\n_Chart 8: Last Entry to Jordan vs Start of Work in Construction by Sample Group_\n\n\nOnly 51% of those with a private/public employer work permit are working in the construction sector as designated by the work\npermit and for the same employer listed on their work permits.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8441458344459534, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8422699570655823, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8857537508010864, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7202939987182617, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Workers", - "confidence": 0.9488378167152405, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\nThe majority of workers with GFJTU worker permits (85%) are working in the construction, which is the sector that they are\nsupposed to work in, but some of the Syrian refugee workers (16%)mentioned that they work in occupations other than the ones\nmentioned in their work permits. Referring their usual occupations to the six sectors shown in the chart below; it could be inferred\nthat construction work permits are sometimes being used by refugees working in other sectors.\n\n\n_Chart 9: Type of Work Permit in Construction vs Usual Working Sector_\n\n\n_Chart 10: Normal Sector of Work by Sample Group_\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n#### **Employers and Work Permits**\n\n\n**The survey confirms the reluctance of employers in obtaining work permits for their Syrian refugees\u2019 workers. This reluctance**\n**was also indicated in the 2017 periodic analysis.**\n\n\n75% of Syrian refugee workers state that their employers are not willing to proceed in issuing them work permits (without\nelaborating on the reasons why), although 85% of the respondents made it clear that they would want a work permit if the\nemployers were willing to get a work permit form them.\n\n\n82%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Chart 11: Refugee Workers Thoughts on Employer Willingness to Issue Work Permits for Their Workers_\n\n\nThe 15% of those surveyed who do not wish to have a work permit explained that they either do not want to be tied to one\nemployer, prefer to keep a low profile in terms of being exposed to formal databases, or are afraid of losing the opportunity to\nresettle in a third country. UNHCR policy on data confidentiality and resettlement as a durable solution were explained to\nrespondents as needed, as approximately half of the interviewees seemed to be lacking understanding of work permits benefits and\nformal sector privileges. Enumerators urged respondents who had questions on work permits to contact the employment centers\nand also provided them with the center\u2019s phone number in their respective place of residence.\n\n\nAs indicated in the chart below on the reasons for not wishing to have a work permit, a relatively large group haven\u2019t answered\nwhat the survey has expected them to answer. The expected answers to this questions were as below:\n\n\na. I am afraid of losing cash assistance (Note: if this is the answer given, the enumerator records the answer but clarifies UNHCR\n\npolicy): \u201ckindly note that receiving cash assistance is not linked directly to working. On another note, kindly be informed that\nif you been on cash assistance for an extended period of time, you may be replaced by other refugees from the waiting list by\nthe end of this year, but again this is not linked to working\u201d.\nb. I am afraid of losing the opportunity to resettle outside of Jordan. (Note: if this is the answer given, the enumerator records\n\nthe answer but clarifies UNHCR policy)\nc. I don\u2019t want to be tied to one employer\nd. I want to keep a low profile\ne. Other\n\n\nThe survey noted that no construction worker (Group 1) sampled is afraid of losing the opportunity to settle outside of Jordan. The\nnumber of respondents that chose the \u2018other\u2019 option was unexpectedly high, however, it has been expected while designing the\nquestionnaire, that there might be no other options besides the ones provided. Some of those that chose \u2018other\u2019 explained that\nconstruction is not their main occupation, it is a \u2018plan B\u2019 for their living, or that they do not have any reason for not being willing to\nhave a work permit.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers", - "confidence": 0.8408308625221252, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9086698889732361, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7073252201080322, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8718356490135193, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee workers", - "confidence": 0.8652188181877136, - "start": 59, - "end": 62 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9627761840820312, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8713142275810242, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9920164346694946, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "construction worker", - "confidence": 0.8975253105163574, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\n_Chart 12: Reasons why refugees prefer not to have a work permit_\n\n\nThe majority of refugee workers (87 %) pay the work permit issuance fees themselves to get their work permits. This situation is\nmostly prevailing in the construction sector followed by the agricultural sector.\n\n\nThe refugees self-reported costs associated with the work permits issuance varied between the three sectors (Construction,\nAgriculture, and public/private sectors). It is worth mentioning that the cost get higher if the employer was a Private/public\nemployer, with an average of 85 JOD, while the averages is 64 JOD if it was GFJTU.\n\n\n\n1000\n\n\n900\n\n\n800\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGFJTU Private/public employer\n\n\n_Chart 13: Costs Associated with Work Permit Issuance_\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Chart 14: Who paid for the work permit_\n\n\n\nPeriodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n## **ANNEX**\n\n\n**Questionnaire**\n\n\na. During the last month, did you do any work, for wage, salary, commissions, tips or any other pay, in cash or in kind, even if\n\nonly for one hour? Yes, no\nb. If no: Thank you very much for your time. (hang up)\n\n\nc. If yes: What is the duration of your latest contract or agreement with your employer(s) (including verbal agreement)?\n\na. Day\nb. Week\nc. Month\nd. Less than one year\ne. One year or more\nf. No specific duration\n\n\nd. For how long have you been working for this employer(s) (since you started with him or her? even if irregularly)?\n\na. Less than 3 months\nb. 3 to 6 months\nc. 6 months to 12 months\nd. Longer than 12 months\n\n\ne. Which sector do you usually work in?\n\na. Agriculture\nb. Construction (Includes working on infrastructure construction, construction of buildings and repair and\n\nmaintenance of building and infrastructure)\n\ni. When was your last entry to Jordan? Year __________\nii. When did you first start working in construction in Jordan? Year __________\niii. Which of the following best describes your current work situation (most of the time)?\n\n1. Self-employed worker paid by the building owner\n2. I work by task and I hire and pay other workers to help me\n\na. How many workers on average: ______\nb. Are they (multiple choices):\n\n1. Syrians\nii. Do the Syrian workers have work permits\n\na. Yes\nb. No\nc. Some of them\nd. I don\u2019t know\n2. Jordanians\n3. Migrants\niii. Do the migrant workers have work permits\n\na. Yes\nb. No\nc. Some of them\nd. I don\u2019t know\niv. I work as worker for a contractor (private company)\n\nv. I work as a worker for a construction project for a humanitarian or donor agency (public works or cash for\n\nwork)\nc. Manufacturing \u2013 Garments\nd. Manufacturing- Other\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Periodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\ne. Retail and wholesale\nf. Food and beverage (restaurants and catering)\ng. Accommodation\nh. Other\ni. Don\u2019t know/refused to answer\n\n\nf. Do you have a valid work permit?\n\na. Yes\n\ni. Is the employer listed on the work permit is the same employer you worked for during the last 7 days?\n\n1. Yes\n2. No\nii. Is the employer listed on the work permit as:\n\n1. Agricultural cooperative\niii. Through agricultural cooperative?\n\na. Yes\nb. No\n2. Construction union GFJTU\niv. Through construction union GFJTU?\n\na. Yes\nb. No\n2. Private/public employer\nv. Through the employer?\n\na. Yes\nb. No\nc. Don\u2019t know/refused to answer\nvi. What was the total cost associated with receiving the work permit?\n\n1. Amounting JD _____\n2. What did this cost include?\n\na. Cost to MOL (10 JD)\nb. Fees charged by agricultural cooperative or GFJTU (2JD)\nc. Fees charged by facilitators/intermediaries?\n\ni. Amounting JD______\nii. Don\u2019t know\nd. Fees charged by \u201csponsors\u201d who are not employers?\n\ni. Amounting JD______\nii. Don\u2019t know\ne. Health certificate cost (which shouldn\u2019t be charged since they should be able to use the\n\nsame health certificate they used for the MOI card) (5 JD)\nf. Private insurance that is required for work permits associated with GFJTU. (45 JD)\ng. I\u2019m not aware\nh. Don\u2019t know/refused to answer\nvii. Who paid for the work permit\n\n1. Employer\n2. Myself\n3. Shared between the employer and myself\n4. Don\u2019t know/refused to answer\n\n\nviii. What is the sector listed on your work permit?\n\n1. Agriculture\n2. Construction (Includes working on infrastructure construction, construction of buildings and\n\nrepair and maintenance of building and infrastructure)\n3. Manufacturing \u2013 Garments\n4. Manufacturing- Other\n5. Retail and wholesale\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "b. No\n\n\n\nPeriodic Analysis of Syrian Workers September 2018\n\n\n6. Food and beverage (restaurants and catering)\n7. Accommodation\n8. Other\n9. Don\u2019t know/refused to answer\n\n\ni. Do you believe your employer would be willing to get a work permit for you?\n\n1. Yes\n2. No\nii. If your employer was willing to get a work permit for you, would you want a work permit?\n\n1. Yes\n2. No\n3. What is the main reason?\n\na. I am afraid of losing cash assistance (Note: if this is the answer given, enumerator\n\nshould record the answer but clarify UNHCR policy): \u201c\u201dIf you been on cash assistance for\nan extended period of time, you may be replaced by other refugees from the waiting\nlist by the end of this year\u201d\nb. I am afraid of losing the opportunity to resettle outside of Jordan. (Note: if this is the\n\nanswer given, enumerator should record the answer but clarify UNHCR policy)\nc. I don\u2019t want to be tied to one employer\nd. I want to keep a low profile\ne. Other\n\n\n\n**Contacts:**\nUnited Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Amman, Jordan, Tel: + 962 (6) 530 2000, Fax + 962 (6) 551 6742\nInternational Labour Organization (ILO), Amman, Jordan, Tel: + 962 (6) 565 3991, Fax +962 (6) 565 3807\nWorld Bank Group (WBG), Amman, Jordan, Tel: + 962 (6) 563 3705, Fax +962 (6) 567 8040\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24b1fac5-7398-3928-9a75-cd88c422cf1d/66517-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_173/raw/doc_173_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_173/raw/doc_173_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1b84c52161464bb523b953077aaa4fd349aae96c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_173/raw/doc_173_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,296 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### JORDAN\n# PERIODIC ANALYSIS OF SYRIAN WORKERS OUTSIDE CAMPS - FINDINGS\n\nOCTOBER 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PERIODIC ANALYSIS OF SYRIAN WORKERS OUTSIDE CAMPS", - "confidence": 0.9214907884597778, - "start": 5, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "JORDAN", - "confidence": 0.9842937588691711, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.802247941493988, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SYRIAN WORKERS", - "confidence": 0.9413509368896484, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### DATA SAMPLE INFORMATION\n\nBased on data shared by the Ministry of Labour (MoL) with UNHCR, as well as data stored on the UNHCR database,\nrandom samples, to better reflect characteristics of the wider population of each group, allow for a 90% confidence\ninterval, a margin of error of 7.5, and response distribution of 50%.\n\n\n**Sample**\n**Group** **Population** **Reached**\n**size**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. UNHCR registered, working age, don\u2019t have a work permit, working in\n\n38,548 self-reported 120 120 100%\nother sectors\n\n3. UNHCR registered, have work permits in construction profession\n\n1,376 111 114 103%\nthrough an employer\n\n\n4. UNHCR registered, have a work permit in construction through GFJTU 9,361 119 120 101%\n\n\nTotal 468 502 107%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR database", - "confidence": 0.9573302268981934, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5571368336677551, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### COMMUNICATING WITH REFUGEES\n\n\uf0a1 Staff members from UNHCR reached out to Syrian refugees **working**\n**formally and informally** to conduct the survey by using the **helpline**\n**facility at UNHCR** . The purpose of the survey was clearly explained to\nrefugees at the beginning of each phone call\n\n\uf0a1 All contacted refugees participated in the survey and answered the\nquestions\n\n\uf0a1 At the end of each call UNHCR staff members stressed the fact that the\nsurvey is purely for analytical purposes and **not a case-management**\ntheme\n\n\uf0a1 UNHCR along with partners put together the questionnaire for this\nsurvey, considering the changes in the legal framework governing Syrian\nrefugees\u2019 access to the labour market between 2017 and 2018.\n\n\uf0a1 Some questions were applied to all respondents while others were\napplied only to those working in construction\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.960276186466217, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7932257056236267, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7212315797805786, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9851115345954895, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### DURATIONS OF CONTRACTS WITH EMPLOYER(S) \u2013 INCLUDING VERBAL AGREEMENTS\n\n## durations of employment\n\n###### without work permits\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### DURATION OF WORK WITH CURRENT EMPLOYER, BY GROUP Trend is seen that regardless of the agreements, the highest % of Syrian refugee worked for an average of 3 months or less across the 4 groups\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### DURATION OF CONTRACTS WITH EMPLOYER(S) BY SECTOR\n\nSpecific sectors usually differ in agreements\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION** **SECTOR (WITH OR WITHOUT WORK PERMITS)**\n\n\uf0a1 Most workers work under a non-specific duration or at a daily rate\n\n\n\uf0a1 Construction workers tend to be self-employed and payed by the constructions site owner, rather than have a\nconstant contract.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, WITH OR WITHOUT WORK** PERMITS CONT. 28% started working in Construction in Jordan before the start of the crisis. Those who have arrived during or after the crisis started to work in the construction sector either upon the year of arrival or after.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, WITH OR WITHOUT WORK** PERMITS CONT.\n\nThe majority of workers with GFJTU\nworker permits (85%) are working in\nthe construction, which is the sector\nthat they are supposed to work in\n\n\nbut some of the Syrian refugee\nworkers (16%) mentioned that they\nwork in occupations other than the\nones mentioned in their work permits.\n\n\nit could be inferred that construction\nwork permits are sometimes being\nused by refugees working in other\nsectors.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **EMPLOYERS AND WORK PERMITS**\n\n###### The survey confirms the reluctance of employers in obtaining work permits for their Syrian refugees\u2019 workers. This reluctance was also indicated in the 2017 periodic analysis.\n\n75% of Syrian refugee workers state that their employers are not willing to proceed in issuing\nthem work permits\n\n\n85% of the respondents made it clear that they would want a WP if the employers were willing\nto do it for them\n\n\n15% do not wish to have a work permit due to fear of commitment to an employer, or due to\ntheir unfounded fear of losing the opportunity to resettle in a third country.\n\n\nHalf of the interviewees seemed to be lacking knowledge of WP benefits and formal sector\nprivileges.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9160740971565247, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8634777665138245, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8103446364402771, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5095697045326233, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee workers", - "confidence": 0.775553286075592, - "start": 51, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 periodic analysis", - "confidence": 0.8923454880714417, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9825637936592102, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9645874500274658, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee workers", - "confidence": 0.9238026142120361, - "start": 51, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH WORK PERMITS ISSUANCE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/55d6d67f-c527-3673-b2ee-20f49cf6c95b/66890.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_174/raw/doc_174_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_174/raw/doc_174_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3f36ef2552b9a1a97c2768fdd39ef97d0160b34a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_174/raw/doc_174_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,321 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Age, Gender and Diversity\n## Good Practices\n\n### **UNHCR in Europe** **2017 - 2018**\n\n#### **July 2018**\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### INTRODUCTION\n\nUNHCR has long upheld age, gender and diversity (AGD) mainstreaming as an essential approach to understand and respond\nto the needs of all persons of concern. UNHCR makes considerable efforts in Europe to integrate AGD considerations\nboth in operational planning, programme implementation and\nwhile engaging with governments in protection, advocacy and\nlegal interventions. This report highlights a range of initiatives\nacross the region in 2017 and 2018 to illustrate this.\n\n###### **Minimum Core Actions that Apply under the 2018 AGD Policy**\n\n\n**Participation and Inclusion** : Women, men, girls, and boys of diverse backgrounds are able to engage\nmeaningfully and are consulted on protection, assistance, and solutions. At a minimum, country operations\nwill employ participatory methodologies at each stage of the operations management cycle, to incorporate\nthe capacities and priorities of women, men, girls and boys of diverse backgrounds into protection, assistance and solutions programmes.\n\n\n\nUNHCR offices across Europe regularly communicate\nand consult with persons of concern to ensure the\npriorities and capacities of women, men, girls and\nboys are taken into account in protection, assistance\nand solutions planning and in the implementation of\nactivities.\n\nConcerted efforts are being made across Europe\nto strengthen participatory and community-based\napproaches. The **Refugee Coalition for Europe** was\nestablished in 2017 with the aim of providing a platform for refugee participation and consultation. It\ncomprises refugees living in different countries in\nEurope including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, and Sweden. Coalition\nmembers have been consulted during important processes including the drafting of the Global Compact\non Refugees, and the 2018 UNHCR Annual Consultations with NGOs. The initiative continues to evolve\npositively in 2018, with refugee members taking the\nlead on formulating the structure and objectives of\nthe Europe-wide coalition. In addition, coalitions\nhave or will be established at the country level to\n\n\n\ninform the activities and output of the Europe-wide\ncoalition, as well as UNHCR activities. Seven country\noperations \u2013 Bulgaria, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Malta,\nMontenegro and Sweden - have volunteered to be\nchampions in this regard and will establish or draw\nupon existing platforms to enhance communication\nand engagement with refugees.\n\nIn **Cyprus**, asylum-seeking and refugee women, men,\ngirls and boys from diverse nationalities and religions\nparticipated in the UNHCR Country Operations Plan\nmulti-stakeholder meeting for 2018. Similarly, participation of various gender, age and nationality groups\nwas ensured during contingency planning. Refugees\nand asylum-seekers shared their priorities, and engaged in extensive discussion on how UNHCR could\nsupport their communities. The articulation of refugees\u2019 own experiences has often been utilised and\nincorporated in the office\u2019s advocacy strategy, either\nthrough direct participation of refugees in official\nmeetings or integration of their concerns in UNHCR\u2019s\nadvocacy interventions.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The office in **Turkey** held 54 brainstorming sessions\nwith 500 asylum seekers and refugees of various nationalities in 14 locations across the country in 2017.\nInformation obtained through detailed discussions\nwith refugees on their priority areas of concern was\ncoded to facilitate an analysis of how frequently particular issues were raised. Through this methodology,\nUNHCR obtained a comprehensive picture of the\nmost serious concerns indicated by refugees, and\nused this information as the basis of assumptions underpinning the operation\u2019s planning sessions. Nearly\n53% of the participants in these consultative processes were female refugees.\n\nThe implementation of all UNHCR activities in **Geor-**\n**gia** are accompanied by regular meetings with persons of concern that take place in the Open House,\na community mobilisation centre in Tbilisi. In 2017,\nthe Open House established an \u201cadvisory board\u201d, a\nplatform for refugees to raise concerns with UNHCR\nand its partner UNAG. The issues raised were subsequently reflected in advocacy interventions and follow-up in individual cases.\n\n\n\nThe office in **Spain** used conclusions and opinions\ngathered from participatory assessments with persons of concern to inform recommendations to the\nGovernment of Spain. These recommendations included a strong AGD component and stressed the\nneed to consult and empower persons of concern,\nand to establish mechanisms for the identification\nand referral of persons with specific needs. The\ndocument also recommended the establishment of\nStandard Operating Procedures (SOPs) on SGBV and\nsexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), including a prevention and response mechanism and Code of Conduct sessions for UNHCR and partner staff.\n\nIn 2016, the office in **Ireland** conducted 80 structured interviews with Syrian persons of concern,\nincluding resettled refugees and beneficiaries of the\nSyrian humanitarian admissions programme. Challenges and concerns documented through the interviews have informed the office\u2019s approach to the development of a community sponsorship programme\nin Ireland and advocacy in relation to the new Irish\nhumanitarian admissions programme.\n\n\n\n**Communication and Transparency** : Women, men, girls, and boys of diverse backgrounds in all operations have access to timely, accurate, and relevant information on (i) their rights and entitlements, and (ii)\nUNHCR and its partners\u2019 programmes. At a minimum, all country-level protection and solutions strategies\nwill detail the operation\u2019s approach to communicating with women, men, girls and boys of diverse backgrounds, through means that are appropriate and accessible to all groups in a community.\n\n\n\nThe [help.unhcr.org](http://help.unhcr.org) website is a refugee-facing portal\nestablished to provide refugees and asylum-seekers\nwith critical information on their rights and obligations. The site is a one-stop shop where asylum-seekers and refugees can find critical information, including on asylum procedures and the range of available\nservices such as health, legal assistance, SGBV, child\nprotection, LGBTI support, integration, education,\nbirth registration, and support for voluntary repatriation. In Europe, **six such sites have been established**\n**in Austria, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Turkey, and**\n**Ukraine** providing country-specific information in an\neasy to understand manner and in various languages, including Arabic, English, Farsi, French, German,\nGreek, and Turkish. The sites for Greece and Turkey\ninclude platforms for complaint and feedback mechanisms, and to report fraud and SEA. Complaints and\nfeedback registered online are channeled to the reg\n\n\nular complaints processing mechanisms in the offices.\nPrior to the full launch of the website, operations\nconducted field testing with persons of concern to\nconsult and obtain feedback on the design and content.\n\nIn **Italy**, UNHCR has entered a strategic partnership\nwith the NGO ARCI (Associazione Rcireativa Culturale Italiane) to promote access to national protection\nservices through a website and telephone hotline.\nThe website features a multilingual mapping of services, including over 850 national services. The hotline, available in 32 languages, is a national toll free\nnumber which asylum-seekers and refugees may call\nto access information and counselling on rights, procedures and services. The website can be accessed at\n[https://www.jumamap.com.](http://www.jumamap.com)\n\nIn **Croatia** and **France**, child friendly leaflets have\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory assessments with persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9651058316230774, - "start": 204, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.9821213483810425, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.5047762989997864, - "start": 234, - "end": 237 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "structured interviews with Syrian persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9007763862609863, - "start": 307, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ireland", - "confidence": 0.9911623001098633, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9965431094169617, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "been produced in Arabic, Croatian, English, Farsi\nand French, and with pictures for those who cannot\nread, to provide information to unaccompanied and\nseparated children, for example on asylum proce\n\n\ndures, their rights within the national child protection\nsystem and under Dublin procedures. Children were\nconsulted to collect feedback and adapt the leaflets\naccordingly.\n\n\n\n**Feedback and Response** : Formal and informal feedback from persons of concern is systematically received and responded to, and corrective action taken as appropriate. At a minimum, all UNHCR operations\nwill establish and promote feedback and response systems, including for confidential complaints.\n\n\nIn **Belarus**, extensive consultations with persons of\nconcern in six regions took place to evaluate and\nre-design community feedback mechanisms. The\noffice consulted communities on how they preferred\nto communicate with UNHCR and partners. People\nconsulted informed the office that face-to-face sessions over the weekend were preferable to postal\nor written feedback, and that they would appreciate\nmonthly UNHCR visits to temporary accommodation\ncentres. Consequently, the office commenced more\nfrequent visits to these accommodation centres, in\naddition to continuing in-person consultations which\ntake place on a daily basis in the office in Minsk.\n\n\n\nIn the f **ormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia**,\ninteragency Information and Advice Desks (IADs)\nwere initially piloted in Children and Family Support\nHubs and were then introduced in two reception\nand transit sites from the beginning of 2016. The\nmain objectives of the IADs were to disseminate\ninformation about available services and processes\nat the reception sites, and to serve as a complaints\nand feedback mechanism. Feedback and complaints\nwere systematically recorded and a report generated\nevery week to refer to relevant service providers or\nmake interventions as required. The IADs are operated in Arabic, English and Farsi, with the support of\ninterpreters. Staff working at the IADs hold a roving\nfunction to enhance community outreach and information dissemination, complemented by television\nscreens with continuous information displays.\n\n\n\nSeveral activities were adjusted or improved as a result of feedback received through the IADs, including\na shift from collective distribution points to household level distribution, and the introduction of an\nanonymous complaints box. The establishment of the\nIADs was supported by UNHCR\u2019s Innovation Unit\nand has informed best practice guidance on community complaints and feedback mechanisms.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Advancing Gender Equality**\n\n\n**Women and Girls have Access to Comprehensive SGBV Prevention and Response Services** : At a\nminimum, UNHCR operations will adopt and implement SGBV standard operating procedures, operationalizing the four main referral pathways for all survivors (safety/security, legal, medical and psychosocial) and\npromote the same with partners, including governments.\n\n\n\nUNHCR takes measures to prevent and respond to\nSGBV on the assumption that it takes place in all\ncontexts of displacement. In the European context,\nUNHCR has promoted safe and appropriate access to\nnational services, effective identification and referral, and coordination between asylum and migration\nauthorities and service providers in line with concerns reported by practitioners working with SGBV\nsurvivors and UNHCR guidelines on multi-sectoral\nresponse. In addition, feedback from communities on\nthe causes of SGBV are consistently taken into consideration when designing prevention activities.\n\nUNHCR works with D.i.RE (Donne in Rete Contro\nLa Violenza) in **Italy**, a network of 80 organisations\nfacilitating access to safe houses and SGBV response\nservices for asylum-seekers and refugees across\nthe country, on the same basis as Italian nationals.\nIn Albania, participatory assessments with women\nresulted in a new partnership with the Centre for\nLegal Initiatives, an NGO specialised in legal and psycho-social support for female survivors of domestic\nviolence.\n\nIn **Belarus**, four 2-day educational seminars attended by border guard psychologists and socio-cultural\nspecialists from educational institutions helped to\nincrease awareness of SGBV, including relevant legislative frameworks and their implementation, and\nidentification and referral of survivors. These activities contributed to the practical implementation of\nSGBV SOPs that were put in place in Belarus.\n\nIn **Croatia**, UNHCR, along with the Ministry of Interior and its partner the Croatian Red Cross, has\n\n\n\ndeveloped SGBV SOPs for reception centres hosting\nasylum-seekers. The Croatian Red Cross organises\na \u201cwomen\u2019s space\u201d in reception centres for asylum-seekers four times a week to hold workshops\nand focus groups on issues relating to SGBV.\n\nContinuous training and sensitisation of UNHCR and\npartner staff in **Armenia** has strengthened the identification and referral of SGBV survivors and other\nwomen at risk to appropriate services. Sensitisation\nsessions on SGBV, including prevention, response\nand identification, have also been included in training\nfor border guards, the State Migration Service, National Security Services and NGOs. The joint development of SGBV SOPs by UNHCR, the Armenian Red\nCross and 10 key stakeholders culminated in a widely\npublicised signing ceremony during the 16-day campaign against gender-based violence in 2017.\n\nTo address socio-economic conditions as a contributory factor to SGBV identified during consultations\nwith persons of concern, UNHCR in the **Russian**\n**Federation** provided Russian language and vocational\ncourses in sewing, hairdressing and manicure for 79\nrefugee women in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and\nassisted refugee women to participate in a bazaar to\npromote income generating activities.\n\nThe office in **Romania** has produced and is distributing a leaflet with information and services relating to\ndomestic violence, which was consistently reported\nas a concern during 2017 participatory assessments.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Women and Girls Participate Equally and Meaningfully in all Decision-making, Community Man-**\n**agement and Leadership Structures, and Committees of Persons of Concern** : At a minimum UNHCR will ensure 50 per cent female participants in management and leadership structures under UNHCR\u2019s\nauthority, and will advocate the same with partners, including governments.\n\n\n\nIn **Turkey**, UNHCR has made consistent progress\ntowards promoting and strengthening women\u2019s\nparticipation. UNHCR facilitated participation in\ncommunity leadership and municipal structures,\nand provided equal access to livelihood opportunities. For example, over half of the members of the\nRefugee Council established to engage in local decision-making structures in Kecioran municipality of\nAnkara are women. One of the female members of\nthe Council attends coordination meetings held by\nlocal authorities to present the refugee perspective.\nApproximately 46% of community leadership and\n\n\n\nmanagement structures roles supported by UNHCR\nwere held by women in 2017 \u2013 an increase of around\n12% compared to 2016. UNHCR and partners also\nsupported new Syrian women\u2019s committees in urban\nareas of Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Izmir and Kahramanmaras, which focused on raising awareness of\nwomen\u2019s rights, SGBV prevention and response, and\nidentification and referral of women at risk. Similarly,\nUNHCR encouraged refugee participation and contact with municipal authorities through city councils\nin urban centres such as Istanbul.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Women and Girls have Equal Access to Economic Opportunities, including Decent Work, Quality**\n**Education and Health Services** : At a minimum, UNHCR will ensure women and girls have equal access\nto livelihood, education and health programmes it delivers, and advocate with partners, including Governments, for their equal access to public services.\n\n\n\nParticipatory assessments undertaken by UNHCR\nin 2016 and 2017 in **Turkey**, as well as context-specific research and assessments, strongly pointed to\na rising engagement of asylum-seeker and refugee\ncommunities in harmful traditional practices such as\nchild and forced marriages, and other forms of SGBV\nincluding survival sex, domestic violence, harassment\nand exploitation. Women and girls reported limited\naccess to livelihood opportunities and poor conditions of work including the need for relevant skills\nand education, no insurance cover, lower rates of pay\nthan for Turkish nationals, and lack of day care ser\n\nWomen\u2019s solidarity group in Istanbul\n\n\n\nwhich identified women working on the streets of\nAnkara, who are at heightened risk of SGBV due to\ntheir vulnerable socio-economic status. This included female heads of households, as well as families\nwith one or more specific protection needs identified\nwithin the household. The women identified are supported through multi-sectoral interventions, including Turkish language classes, daily incentives to enrol\nchildren in child-friendly spaces, and enrolment in\nvocational courses. Ensuring self-reliance for women\nreduces their vulnerability to SGBV and enhances\ntheir prospects for integration.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Targeted AGD Programming**\n\n**Specific Activities Targeting Children**\n\n\nIn 2017 UNHCR, UNICEF and IRC released \u201c **The Way**\n**Forward to Strengthen Policies and Practices for**\n**Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC) in**\n**Europe** \u201d (hereinafter \u201cThe Way Forward\u201d), a comprehensive document outlining the challenges faced by\nUASC arriving in Europe, and providing recommendations to governments and operational guidance\nfor the protection of UASC. The publication was\ninformed by consultations with around 100 practitioners, including guardians, psychologists, social\nworkers, lawyers and teachers from most countries in\nEurope affected by the refugee and migrant crisis in\n2015/16; a roundtable with nine European states; EU\nlevel actors, and over 50 UASC living in Europe. \u201cThe\nWay Forward\u201d is used widely as a guide and reference\nfor advocacy and operational child protection interventions. A number of child protection projects have\nsubsequently been implemented in different countries across Europe in line with recommendations\nfrom \u201cThe Way Forward\u201d, and are described below.\n\nIn **Sweden**, UNHCR has initiated a two-phased project called \u201cCo-Lab 2.0\u201d with the aim of developing\na holistic, lean and efficient reception procedure for\nUASC, which will mainstream best interests\u2019 considerations and child protection standards. The first\nphase was completed in 2017, and mapped current\nreception standards in order to identify gaps impacting the protection of children. The second phase has\ncommenced in 2018, and engages different stakeholders in a consultative process, including children,\nto develop and propose improved reception models\ntaking into account specific considerations for children. In addition to multi-stakeholder workshops,\none-to-one interviews and focus group discussions\non the current reception system and how it may be\nimproved are being held with relevant authorities\n(e.g. police, child protection and social welfare authorities), and children themselves. At the end of\n2018, a proposal for a revised model will be presented during a high-level stakeholder meeting to which\nSwedish and other Northern European authorities\nwill be invited.\n\nWith the support of EU DG Justice, UNHCR is implementing a project building on \u201cThe Way Forward\u201d\n\n\n\nwith a focus on **Western Europe**, including Austria,\nBelgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the UK. The project aims to strengthen\nbest interests\u2019 procedures for children of concern and\nimprove reception systems for UASC at regional and\nnational level. The project will run over the course\nof 18 months (November 2017 \u2013 April 2019) during\nwhich time various activities will be completed, for\nexample mapping existing reception models for\nUASC, with the aim of proposing improved systems;\ntraining for guardians; and recommendations for legal\nrepresentation for UASC. The views of UASC have\nbeen sought in each country on their experiences\nwith reception and child protection systems, which\nwill inform recommendations to strengthen reception\nand best interests\u2019 processes.\n\n\nBased on concerns observed through protection\nmonitoring and reports of partners, UNHCR in\n**Greece** has taken several measures to strengthen the\nprotection of UASC, as large numbers of new arrivals\nin the past years have presented several challenges.\nThe common use of institutional care and detention\nto accommodate UASC led the office to support the\nuse of foster care through the Greek foster family\nscheme, and to initiate a project for supported independent living (for older UASC) in coordination with\nrelevant authorities. Case management capacity of\nthe national authority responsible for child protection\n(EKKA) was also strengthened through the secondment of four technical experts.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nmonitoring", - "confidence": 0.7168424725532532, - "start": 564, - "end": 566 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6629146337509155, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7635548710823059, - "start": 575, - "end": 576 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR **Serbia** has entered into a partnership with\nthe local think tank IDEAS and the Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veteran and Social Affairs, to collaborate on a project to strengthen the protection of\nasylum-seeking and refugee children. The aim of the\nproject is to enhance the effectiveness of guardians\nand improve the general protection of refugee children through the identification, recruitment, training,\nsupervision and monitoring of cultural mediators.\nIn 2017, a training curriculum was developed, along\nwith terms of reference and manuals for guardians\nand cultural mediators. A professional system for\nguardianship was developed and 19 guardians and 7\ncultural mediators were trained. The oversight provided by guardians has led to enhanced awareness of serious protection concerns faced by UASC in reception\ncentres, for example exposure to sexual abuse, and\nthe introduction of mitigating measures to address\nthese, including transferring children to safer accommodation.\n\nUNHCR **Italy** works with two local partners to address protection challenges as identified through regular interaction and communication with UASC. One\npartner enhances UASC participation by training cultural mediators to act as a bridge between UASC and\ncross-cutting services, including guardians from the\nhost community. The second partner provides UASC\n\n\n\nwith information and legal assistance.\n\nAlthough pre-dating this report, it is worth recalling\nthe innovative \u201c **Blue Dots** \u201d initiative launched during\nthe emergency in November 2015. In a coordinated\neffort to enhance protection for growing numbers of\nrefugee women and children on the move in Europe,\nUNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC established \u201cChildren and\nFamily Support Hubs\u201d using the neutral Blue Dot logo\nwere installed along the most frequently used migration route in Europe. The hubs built upon services\nwhich were already in place, but introduced a recognisable logo associated with the three organisations.\nThey provided children and families with standardised\ncritical minimum interventions including family tracing and reunification, child friendly spaces, dedicated\nmother and baby/toddler areas, psychosocial support\nand legal advice. The centres also served as information and advice points with referral systems for survivors of violence or specialised medical assistance.\nThe hubs were set up in partnership with local organisations to build the capacity of local service providers. Participation was a guiding principle of the Blue\nDot SOPs, and regular consultations were held with\nrefugees and migrants to ensure Blue Dot services\ncontinued to respond to needs in an accurate and\nculturally appropriate manner.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Activities Targeting Youth**\n\n\nYouth activities have been undertaken in many operations in Europe in acknowledgement of the specific\nneeds of this age group.\n\nFor the first time in 2018, UNHCR\u2019s **Youth Initiative**\n**Fund** was launched at the regional level in Europe.\nSmall grants were awarded to youth-led projects\naimed at enhancing social cohesion in ten countries\nacross Europe: Armenia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,\nFrance, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and Turkey.\nProjects were innovative and diverse, including language exchange, sports activities, youth camps and\na film festival. Requirements for project submissions\nincluded a strong component of community engagement, with youth engaged in every stage of project\nmanagement from design to monitoring, to ensure\nprojects related to the needs and interests expressed\nby youth, but also to build upon their skills and capacity. For example, the projects featured activities\nwhich enhanced language capacity and skills to participate in the labour market.\n\nIn 2017, UNHCR signed a partnership agreement\nwith the international NGO \u201c **European Youth Par-**\n**liament** \u201d (EYP), a programme which brings together\nyoung people from across Europe to discuss current\ntopics in a parliamentary setting. The EYP is a network of independent associations present in 40 European countries, and organises over 500 events every\nyear (https://eyp.org/). The partnership is two-fold:\non the one hand UNHCR provides technical expertise on the topics discussed by youth (both related\nto refugee and statelessness issues) and on the other\nhand, UNHCR funds participation of young (former)\nrefugee and stateless persons at EYP events who can\nrepresent the voice of their community through this\nforum.\n\nIn 2017, the office in **Turkey** was awarded a grant\nthrough the DIP-led global Youth Initiative Fund to\nimplement a project aimed at enhancing social cohesion that was designed and implemented by a group\n\n\n\nof 20 Syrian, Iraqi and Turkish youth. The project\ndirectly benefitted approximately 230 participants\nthrough a Youth Discussion Club, summer camp and\nstakeholders meeting. The project provided a unique\noccasion for identifying, developing and utilising\nyouth capacities, facilitating youth networking and\ninformation sharing as well as establishing a core\ngroup of committed youth which can play an important role in community mobilisation. Based on the\nsuccess of this pilot, the project was expanded to engage more youth in 2018. Other activities targeting\nrefugee youth networks in Turkey in 2017 included a\ndigital-story telling workshop, organised in collaboration with Haceteppe University in Ankara. The workshop, entitled \u201cStories without Visa\u201d took place in\nMay 2017, and offered an opportunity to young Syrian refugees to tell their stories of displacement using\na variety of multimedia tools. An event was held to\nscreen the digital stories produced by the youth, and\nfacilitate an accompanying discussion. The activity\nalso included empowerment and skills-building components for the youth involved.\n\nIn **Ukraine**, UNHCR organised missions to Svyatohirsk, Mariupol and Dnipro to meet with youth\norganizations, youth IDPs, and displaced university\nstudents to jointly assess and analyse the challenges\nfaced by conflict-affected young people. Based on\nthe analysis of prevailing protection risks, a three-day\nseminar was conducted for IDP, refugee and host\ncommunity youth with the support of a professional\nfacilitator, in order to build their capacities and raise\nawareness on social inclusion and active citizenship.\nThe seminar created a platform for young people to\ncontinue their exchange and contribution to youth\nprojects. UNHCR is continuing its work with youth in\n2018 through follow-up activities to the 2017 youth\nseminar, training of trainers\u2019 sessions for youth on\nSGBV and organizing exchanges of youth organizations from eastern and western Ukraine.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Educational Activities**\n\n\nParticipatory research undertaken by UNHCR found\nthat teachers in western European countries face\nmultiple challenges following the large number of arrivals into Europe of asylum-seekers and refugees in\n2015/16. Host community children frequently asked\nquestions on the subject, and teachers struggled with\nthe inclusion of asylum-seeking and refugee students\nin their classrooms, in light of psycho-social support\nneeds, language and cultural barriers. To address\nthese challenges, the Regional Representation for\nWestern Europe developed a set of **teacher training**\n**materials** on the topic of refugees, asylum and migration, currently available in French and English and\nsoon to be published in Dutch and German. The toolkit includes a module with professional guidance on\nteaching refugee children in the classroom, and deal\n\n\ning with symptoms of stress and trauma. Dissemination of the toolkit and teacher training will take place\nthrough strategic partnerships in different countries\nincluding Ministries of Education, educational institutions, and NGOs. The teacher toolkit is available at\n[www.unhcr.org/teachers-toolkit.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/teachers-toolkit.html)\n\nInterventions to raise awareness amongst children\nand teachers of the situation of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees have also taken place in **Cyprus**, where\nUNHCR has undertaken a series of visits to schools\nto promote social cohesion as part of the office\u2019s anti-racism campaign. The office also organised a workshop to train educators on specific challenges faced\nby refugee children in collaboration with the Ministry\nof Education\u2019s Pedagogical Institute.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Activities Targeting Minorities**\n\nThe Regional Representation in **Georgia** has supported the rehabilitation of existing community infrastructure, including schools, in partnership with other\nagencies in Abkhazia, and in consultation with affected communities, to strengthen integration and access\nto existing services for IDP returnees.\n\nIn **Bosnia and Herzegovina** the office has implemented a project for the educational inclusion of Roma\nIDP children to address a lack of will on the part of\nparents to ensure their children attend school, as\n\n\n**Specific Activities Targeting Stateless People**\n\n\nTargeted interventions to assist people who are stateless, or at risk of statelessness, are carried out in country operations where related protection concerns were\nidentified in consultation with persons of concern, and\nin light of the specific protection risks which stateless\npeople face including hindered access to rights and services.\n\nIn April 2018, UNHCR launched \u201c **The Faces of State-**\n**lessness in Europe** \u201d, a brochure to highlight the issue\nof statelessness and challenges people face as a result,\nthrough stories of stateless people across Europe. The\npublication highlights the impact of statelessness on\npeoples\u2019 lives, and will inform programme and advocacy efforts to achieve UNHCR\u2019s mandate in relation to\nstatelessness.\n\nIn **Ukraine**, a media campaign was launched in 2017\nto raise awareness and share information about statelessness determination procedures, targeting various\nethnic groups, elderly and people residing in the Russian\nFederation border regions. A hotline was established in\n2016 to provide information and assistance regarding\nindividual legal status issues for people at risk of statelessness.\n\nThroughout the **Western Balkans**, UNHCR and\nUNICEF coordinated to campaign and raise awareness\non birth registration procedures, and the challenges\nwhich can arise when a birth is not registered. Partners have been supported to provide legal counselling\nand representation to children and their families who\nare stateless, or at risk of statelessness. Advocacy has\ntaken place to simplify rules on school attendance and\nfacilitate access to education for children lacking birth\nregistration.\n\n\n\nunderstood through participatory assessments and\nfeedback from service providers. This involved preparing children for enrolment in local schools, and\nworking with parents and counselling them on the\nimportance of education for their children. During\nthese activities, the families were also taught various\nsocial skills to help them integrate within the local\ncommunity. The activities were used to identify the\nchildren who were of age for the enrolment in the\ncompulsory pre-school preparation programme.\n\n\nUNHCR and UNICEF have also developed an **advocacy**\n**brief** on ending childhood statelessness in Europe, outlining challenges and recommendations for States, the\nEU, Council of Europe and Organisation for Security and\nCooperation in Europe.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Activities Targeting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Intersex Individuals**\n\n\n\nOperations across Europe have made efforts to address challenges faced by LGBTI persons of concern,\nand ensure their specific needs are taken into account in protection programming.\n\nIn **France**, the office conducted awareness-raising\nsessions with a local organization and shared good\npractices for the reception and interaction with LGBTI asylum-seekers, especially on the issue of confidentiality.\n\nIn **Malta**, UNHCR staff met with LGBTI persons of\nconcern to offer information related to integration,\nand made referrals to \u201cProject Integrated\u201d, a partner\nprogramme providing individualised integration support including vocational training and educational\ngrants.\n\nIn **Ukraine**, the office conducted training for service\nproviders on improving the protection of displaced\nLGBTI persons, including the promotion of HIV prevention. The training led to the establishment of a\nreferral pathway with a network of NGOs providing\nservices to LBGTI persons. In Turkey, training on sexual orientation and gender identity took place in partnership with local LGBTI organisations for over 250\nNGO staff to build a network and enhance services\nfor LGBTI persons of concern.\n\nIn **Cyprus** ongoing monitoring of refugee status\ndetermination (RSD) applications and training of el\n\n\nigibility officers is carried out to ensure that LGBTI\npersons are receiving appropriate treatment in the\nasylum procedure.\n\nIn **Spain**, a working group on reception conditions\nand integration of LGBTI asylum-seekers and refugees was established in 2016, following increased\nharassment and violence against persons with this\nprofile in reception centres. The working group is\ncomprised of NGOs working on asylum and LGBTI\nissues, including the Spanish LGBTI Federation - a\nnetwork of more than 60 LGBTI organisations across\nSpain, as well as reception authorities, with the objective of achieving enhanced reception conditions\nfor LGBTI asylum-seekers and refugees. After an\ninitial assessment, several interventions have been\nplanned or are underway including the transfer of\nLGBTI persons from islands to the mainland, establishment of LGBTI support groups, sensitisation of\nreception site staff, creation of safe spaces within reception centres, and transfer of LGBTI asylum-seekers from islands to the mainland. The office in Spain\nhas held three meetings with LGBTI refugee support\ngroups where issues regarding their empowerment,\npersonal process and reaffirmation, exchange of cultural experiences, concerns and problems regarding\nthe asylum procedure and the reception system were\nshared and informed the office\u2019s strategy and planned\ninterventions regarding LGBTI issues.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Activities Targeting Other Persons with Specific Needs**\n\n\n\nIn **Greece**, in view of inadequate living conditions,\ncommunity networks were identified as strong support mechanisms for people with specific needs,\nincluding older persons, and persons with disabilities. To combine community and family support with\nimproved shelter conditions, UNHCR piloted a programme to support community-based care arrangements in Athens, including for persons with disabilities. Identified caretakers expressed interest through\nan open application system processed through an\nNGO partner Kinoniko Ekay. The NGO shared information about the initiative through mobile outreach\nactivities, and developed ToRs for the caretakers with\ncommunity members. UNHCR, an accommodation\npartner and a specialised agency have coordinated to\ntrain and support refugee carers to support persons\nwith specific needs.\n\nThe Greece operation submitted a winning idea\nfor DIP\u2019s 2017 Child Protection Urban Innovation\nChallenge called \u201cIntegrating children with disabilities\u201d. The project involved working with the Greek\nNational Confederation of Persons with Disabilities\n(NCPD) to provide training to frontline staff on the\nidentification of disabilities, undertake consultations\n\n\n\nwith refugees with disabilities to inform advocacy\nand integration into the NCPD\u2019s work, and support\nNGOs providing accommodation to asylum-seekers\nand refugees with more efficient referral pathways to\nnational services for persons with disabilities.\n\nIn Greece, older persons contributed to addressing\nspecific concerns identified in the community to\nsupport each other and other groups in the community. For example, older refugees of the Nea Kavala\nsite established a network of experienced women to\nprovide care, support and advice for pregnant female\nheads of household.\n\nIn **Ukraine**, following participatory assessments in\n2017 revealing serious psychological support needs,\ncommunity-based volunteers have been identified\namongst the asylum-seeking and refugee population,\nwith a focus on youth and older persons, to offer initial psycho-social support to other community members in Kiev and Bila Tserkva. The group of volunteers\ninclude a number of men, who are also engaged in\nSGBV sensitisation sessions. In Odesa, UNHCR\u2019s\npartner for social assistance has two psychologists\n\n- one male and one female \u2013 to offer services at the\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "open application system", - "confidence": 0.8641066551208496, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Kinoniko Ekay", - "confidence": 0.701418399810791, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.5651513338088989, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Identified caretakers", - "confidence": 0.6950706839561462, - "start": 78, - "end": 80 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "individual and community level. The provision of male\npsychologist services is important, as it was previously reported during community consultations that services for male survivors of violence were insufficient.\n\nThe Ukraine office in partnership with NGOs in\n2017 also administered small grants to mobilise and\nempower communities across central and western\nUkraine to implement solutions for specific concerns\nidentified by IDPs along with host communities and\nlocal authorities. Identification of communities took\nplace through targeted field and monitoring visits,\nas well as through community members approaching UNHCR and partners following announcements\n\n\n\nabout the programme on local media and the internet. Communities analysed their own problems, and\nthen prioritised and planned action to address them.\nUNHCR then convened multi-functional committees\nto decide whether to support the proposed action.\nMonitoring and evaluation of the impact of activities\nwas also undertaken by the community. One example\ninvolved the IDP community in Odesa who organised\nitself to repair and build ramps for all IDP and host\ncommunity members with disabilities to access their\nhomes.\n\n\n##### **Suggested Areas to Further Strengthen AGD Interventions**\n\n_**Advancing Gender Equality**_\n\n\n\nWhile many operations have prioritised and deployed efforts to place emphasis on SGBV prevention\nand response, interventions focusing on promoting\ngender equality are less systematically reported.\nAdditional information should be compiled on how\nUNHCR and partners are working with persons of\nconcern, authorities and key stakeholders to engage\n\n\n\nwomen and girls within asylum-seeking and refugee\ncommunities with a view to ensure that asylum and\nother assistance processes do not perpetuate gender\ninequality. This includes working with men and boys\nwithin communities, as promoting gender equality\nwill not be successful without their engagement.\n\n\n\n_**Measures to Support Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities**_\n\n\n\nA focus on strengthening and advocating for access\nto services to assist older persons and persons with\ndisabilities is not apparent from reports in many\noperations in Europe. Further reporting would be\n\n\n\nbeneficial to demonstrate efforts made to take into\naccount the needs of these groups, who tend to be\n\u201chidden\u201d and thus less able to seek support independently.\n\n\n\n_**Strengthened Engagement of National Systems for Assistance and Support, including for Child Protection**_\n\n\n\nOffices should further highlight efforts being made to\nextend and strengthen existing national services to\nsupport persons of concern. While the past few years\nhave seen an increased focus on child protection and\nthe particular challenges faced by unaccompanied\n\n\n\nand separated children, it is important to build upon\nexisting national child protection systems and advocate for non-discriminatory access for children of\nconcern, including for best interests\u2019 processes.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.9046149253845215, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8514143824577332, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6924687623977661, - "start": 310, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Communication with Communities**_\n\n\nWhile all offices undertake participatory assessments\non an annual basis, further efforts are underway to\nshift to more continuous dialogue and two-way communication with persons of concern. This will take\nplace through existing representative platforms or \u2013\nas in some countries \u2013 through ongoing activities to\nestablish \u201cRefugee Coalitions\u201d for consistent communication. In addition, a Refugee Outreach Volunteer\nprogramme, with a focus on enhanced outreach and\ncommunication with communities, is being piloted in\n2018 in France, Hungary, Spain and Sweden with this\nobjective.\n\nWhile noting areas requiring improvement, it is worth\nhighlighting that many UNHCR country offices in Europe operate in largely urban contexts where authorities are the main or only actors delivering assistance\nto persons of concern. Community management and\nleadership structures are not as apparent or accessible as they tend to be in camp-based contexts. Staffing levels are much lower, with some countries completely covered through Regional Representations,\nand others with limited numbers of staff. Conse\n\n\nquently, community-based approaches and ensuring\nactivities are implemented through an AGD lens may\nbe more challenging than in camp-based contexts\nand operations where UNHCR staff engage with persons of concern on a daily basis for direct service provision. Nevertheless, while many UNHCR country offices in Europe have traditionally engaged extensively\nwith authorities for advocacy on a range of legal and\npolicy issues affecting asylum-seekers and refugees, a\nshift towards more operational and community-based\napproaches both directly and within advocacy efforts\nhas gradually been made during the emergency over\nthe past few years and should be sustained/further\nexpanded.\n\nThere will always be challenges while implementing\nan AGD approach, particularly given the varying resources and capacities of UNHCR country offices in\nEurope. Nevertheless, UNHCR Regional Representations and country offices make continuous efforts\nto systematically mainstream AGD, participatory and\ncommunity-based approaches in prioritised areas of\ntheir work.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR / A. Zavallis\n\n\n\n[UNHCR 8-October-2018](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e11a5c4d-2a08-3ee7-bc53-366629cc7a31/67046.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_175/raw/doc_175_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_175/raw/doc_175_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4f6becfa8006a219dbe2dce271685bd69a7cdbad..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_175/raw/doc_175_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,580 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe\n\n#### Overview of Trends January-June 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Arrivals to Europe between January and June 2018 [1]\n\nBetween January and June 2018, **10,404** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria and Spain of whom **4,684** (45%) were\nunaccompanied or separated children (UASC). [2] Arrival of children overall in the first half of 2018 dropped by 37% compared to the\nsame period in 2017 ( **16,524** ).\n\n\n##### Greece\n\nBetween January and June 2018,\n**5,001** **[3]** children arrived to Greece\nby sea, including **636** (13%) UASC.\n\nAlthough the overall arrival of\nchildren to Europe decreased\nby 37% in the first half of 2018,\nchildren arriving to Greece\nincreased by more than twothirds as compared to the first\nhalf of 2017 (3,020). Arrival of\nUASC among those children also\nincreased by 57% compared to the\nfirst half of 2017 (409).\n\n\nThe majority of children, including\nUASC, arriving to Greece by\nsea were from the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, Iraq, Afghanistan and\nPakistan. [4 ]\n\n\n##### Italy [5]\n\nAmong the **3,096** children who\narrived to Italy between January\nand June 2018, **2,593** (84%) were\nunaccompanied or separated. This\nis a 75% decrease compared to\nchildren arriving in the first half\nof 2017 (12,239). The number\nof UASC arriving in the first half\nof 2018 also decreased by 77%\ncompared to the first half of 2017\n(11,406). This decrease is mainly\ndue to the continuous drop in the\nnumber of people crossing the\nCentral Mediterranean since July\n2017. Most children originated\nfrom Eritrea, Tunisia, Sudan and\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.\n\n\n##### Bulgaria\n\nBetween January and June 2018,\n**128** children were intercepted at\nborder crossing points and within\nthe territory of the country, a\n53% decrease compared to the\nsame period in 2017 (270). Among\nthose, 27% were unaccompanied\nor separated children **(35)** which\npresents a 65% decrease\ncompared to the first half of\n2017 (101). Most children, both\naccompanied and unaccompanied,\nwere from Iraq, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Afghanistan.\n\n\n##### Spain\n\nBetween January and June\n2018, **2,179** children arrived\nby land and sea. Among\nthose, **1,420** (65%) were\nunaccompanied or separated.\nThis is 120% increase compared\nto children arrived in the first\nhalf of 2017 (995). Based on\nUNHCR estimate figures, most\nchildren, including UASC, came\nfrom Guinea, Mali, Morocco and\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.784990131855011, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6893928050994873, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.899370551109314, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.5853630304336548, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Mediterranean", - "confidence": 0.6674140095710754, - "start": 370, - "end": 372 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6450229287147522, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.8071025013923645, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR estimate figures", - "confidence": 0.9170064330101013, - "start": 557, - "end": 560 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9463916420936584, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.944011390209198, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n\nDemographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\n**84%**\n\n\n\n**27%**\n\n\n\n**65%**\n\n\n\n**87%**\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n**16%**\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Note: For Spain, data on nationality breakdown for UASC is not provided by the Spanish Ministry of Interior._\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n\n\nGender Breakdown of all Children by Country of Arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys compared to girls among arrivals\nremains higher. Two-thirds of children who arrived during the\nreporting period were boys, although the proportion of boys\narriving in Italy and Spain was significantly higher than in Greece\nand Bulgaria.\n\n\nBOYS GIRLS\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nSpain\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n56%\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\n93%\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\n44%\n\n\n35%\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Labour, Spanish Ministry of Interior and Social Policy,_\n_Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees_\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Children by Country of Arrival\n\nAmong the **4,458** accompanied children who arrived to Greece and\nBulgaria, 37% were 0 to 4 years old, 46% were 5 to 14 years\nold and 18% were 15 to 17 years old. An age breakdown for\naccompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Brakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n38%\n\n\n\n46%\n\n\n44%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees_\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Greece, Italy **[6 ]**, Bulgaria and\nSpain [7 ] between January and June 2018 were boys between 15\nand 17 years old (93% overall).\n\n\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nReception on Arrival in 2018\n\n\nGreece [8]\n#### \u25aa An estimated 23,500 children were present in Greece as\n\nof 30 June 2018, up from 21,000 in December 2017. Of\nthem, 49% are in urban areas (ESTIA [9] Accommodation\nScheme, hotels, etc.); 29% are in accommodation sites\n(camps); and 4% are in shelters, 2% in hotels [10 ] and 1%\nin safe zones [11 ] for UASC. Further 15% are in Reception\nand Identification Centres.\n#### \u25aa 1,135 UASC were in shelters and hotels for UASC, as\n\nwell as supported independent living apartments (up from\n1,101 in December 2017). Nevertheless, 2,672 UASC\nchildren remained on the waiting list for shelter (up from\n2,290 in December 2017).\n#### \u25aa A total of 349 UASC remained in Reception and\n\nIdentification Centres and 149 were in protective custody/\ndetention (three times more compared to December\n2017).\n\n\nItaly\n#### \u25aa A total of 13,151 UASC (93% boys and 7% girls) were\n\npresent in shelters for UASC, run by State authorities\nand non-profit entities at the end of June 2018. This\nrepresents a 26% decrease compared to June 2017 mainly due to children turning 18 or leaving the system.\nAs of June 2018, close to 4,700 children were considered\nuntraceable.\n\n\nBulgaria\n#### \u25aa As of June 2018, 288 children, including UASC, were\n\naccommodated in reception centres in Sofia and southern\nBulgaria, a slight decrease compared to December 2017 [12] .\n\n\nSerbia\n#### \u25aa A total of 700 children were present in the country in June\n\n2018, a 40% decrease compared to January 2018 and\n32% decrease compared to March 2018.\n#### \u25aa Children comprise 25% of the total number of refugees\n\nand migrants in the country. 93% of whom were\naccommodated in state reception and accommodation\ncentres, including 69 unaccompanied and separated\nchildren.\n\n\nSpain\n#### \u25aa Unaccompanied refugee and migrant children in Spain\n\nare accommodated in regionally-managed state reception\ncentres across the country. Yet, most UASC are currently\nhosted in Andalusia, Melilla, Catalonia, the Basque\nCountry and Madrid (in descending order).\n\n\n_The reception systems still vary greatly in quality across and_\n_within countries, sometimes even posing protection risks._\n_There are increasing reports of children who are not in shelters_\n_and find themselves destitute on the streets or in informal_\n_accommodation._\n\n\n_Sources:_ _[EKKA-Greece, Ministry of Social Affairs- Italy, Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsinki](http://www.lavoro.gov.it/documenti-e-norme/studi-e-statistiche/Documents/Report%20di%20monitoraggio%20I%20semestre%202018%20-%20I%20Minori%20Stranieri%20Non%20Accompagnati%20(MSNA)%20in%20Italia/Report-di-monitoraggio-MSNA-30062018.pdf.pdf)_\n_Committee UNHCR, UNICEF_\n\n\n3\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n\n##### Refugee and Migrant Children\u2019s Journey to Europe\n\nBetween June 2017 and March 2018, IOM interviewed 409\nchildren (age 7 \u2013 18) in Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy\nand Slovenia. The survey focused on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the children, experiences during\nthe journey, perceptions of danger, health problems (headache,\nlack of appetite, stomach aches, sleep difficulties), perceptions\nof conditions at reception centres and reception staff capacity\nat reception centers. 201 of the interviewed children reported\ntravelling alone and the remaining 205 were travelling in a group\n(67% with family members and 33% in a group of non-family\nmembers). Below are summary findings based on the analysis of\ndifferent nationality groups.\n\n\nJourney\n\nChildren interviewed from West Africa were more likely to\ntravel alone in comparison to other nationality groups. 82% of\nchildren from West Africa were unaccompanied versus 42% of\nchildren from South Asia and 4% of children from the Middle\nEast. Moreover, half of the children from West Africa who were\ninterviewed reported that they became separated from the group\nof family and non-family members they were travelling with\nduring the journey in comparison to only 4% of children from\nMiddle East and Gulf states and 2% of those from South Asia.\nBoys were much more likely to travel alone compared to girls\n(90% vs 27%). Separation often occured due to lack of funds to\ncontinue the journey as a group.\n\n\nSecondary Migration\n\nApproximately 20% of all children surveyed engaged in secondary\nmigration, and spent at least one year in a country other than\ntheir country of origin before making their way to Europe. This\nwas reported by 27% of the children from the Middle East, 25%\nof the children from South Asia, and 13% of the children from\nWest Africa.\n\n\n\nConditions in reception facilities\n\nAccording to the survey, 67% of 75 children interviewed in\n**Greece** perceived that the general living conditions in the\naccommodation facilities were satisfactory (most children\ninterviewed were accommodated in facilities on the mainland).\nHowever, 83% reported they did not feel safe. 83% of 128\nchildren surveyed in Italy reported being satisfied with the\ngeneral conditions in reception centres, and 90% claimed they\nfelt safe. Among 34 children interviewed in **Bulgaria**, 25 reported\nthat their accommodation was not clean nor comfortable, 29 said\nthey did not feel safe in their accommodation. 53% of the 120\nchildren interviewed in **Croatia** reported that the conditions in\nthe reception facilities were not good enough and 54 percent\nreported that they did not feel safe in the facility where they\u00b4re\nstaying. Five out of 14 children interviewed in **Slovenia** reported\ntheir accommodation was clean and comfortable, however, the\nmajority (9) said they felt safe at the accommodation facility.\nAcross all the countries, although children generally had positive\ninteraction with the staff present, this was often hindered by the\nlack of interpreters.\n\n\nChildren\u2019s well-being\n\nMost of the children interviewed reported being in fear (always\nor multiple times) during the journey, e.g. when travelling by\nboat, walking long distances, travelling by car as part of the\ntransportation organized by agents/smugglers or while waiting in\ntransit areas to continue the journey. Children traveling from West\nAfrican countries were more likely to have experienced difficult\nhealth conditions \u2013 53% versus 31% of children coming from\nSouth Asia and 21% of children from Middle East. Less than a\nquarter of children in any of these nationality groups had a health\nscreening during the journey (11%, 12% and 23% respectively),\nwhich in most cases happened only upon arrival in Europe.\n\n\n_[Sources: IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys Analysis (FMS)- Child Specifc Module (2018)](http://migration.iom.int/reports/europe-%E2%80%94%C2%A0flow-monitoring-surveys-child-specific-module-april-2018?close=true)_\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8699914216995239, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Conditions in reception facilities", - "confidence": 0.5301382541656494, - "start": 356, - "end": 360 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7240185737609863, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.8283184766769409, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.9313834309577942, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9266079664230347, - "start": 721, - "end": 725 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9097882509231567, - "start": 726, - "end": 727 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.7898753881454468, - "start": 721, - "end": 722 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.6466598510742188, - "start": 715, - "end": 716 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8393740653991699, - "start": 740, - "end": 741 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys Analysis", - "confidence": 0.7029596567153931, - "start": 728, - "end": 732 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.6927515864372253, - "start": 715, - "end": 716 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8036583065986633, - "start": 740, - "end": 741 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n\n##### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\nBetween January and June 2018, European countries recorded\n**77,864** new child asylum applicants, which is a 20% drop\ncompared to the same period last year.\n\n\nChildren make up **28%** of all new asylum seekers across Europe.\nIn 2018, 40% of child asylum seekers continued to come from\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (23%), Iraq (9%) and Afghanistan (8%),\nwith increased numbers from Eritrea (5%) and Venezuela (3%).\nA total of 44% of all child asylum seekers are girls.\n\n\nSimilar to previous years, Germany remains the top destination\nfor asylum-seeking children, receiving half of all child asylum\napplications in 2018 ( **38,454** children of whom **2,423** UASC).\nFrance, Greece, Spain and the United Kingdom also recorded\nlarge numbers of child asylum claims (10,750; 9,708; 5,260 and\n4,015 respectively). Greece has the highest number of first-time\napplicants relative to the population.\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children, between\nJanuary and June 2018 \u2013 by Country of Asylum\n\n\nCHILDREN UASC\n\n\n\nIn January-June 2018, a total of **94,975** decisions on asylum claims by\nchildren were issued by national authorities. Yet, due to accumulated\nbacklog in national asylum systems, a total of 224,600 asylum\napplications by children were still registered as pending in June 2018.\n\n\nOf all decisions taken in 2018, **55%** were positive and **45%** negative.\nThere is a steady decrease in the proportion of positive decisions\ncompared to 2017 and 2016, when respectively 62% and 67% of\nchildren received position asylum decisions. Among children with\npositive decisions during the reporting period, **57%** received refugee\nstatus (up from 50% in 2017 and 53% in 2016), **23%** were granted\nsubsidiary protection (down from 33% in 2017) and **20** % received\nhumanitarian status (up from 18% in 2017).\n\n\nContrary to 2017, when there was a clear increase in the granting of\nsubsidiary protection rather than refugee status, in 2018 a smaller\nproportion of children received this type of international protection.\nThis is particularly visible among Syrian children, for whom refugee\nstatus decisions increased from 49% in 2017 to 55% in 2018, while\nsubsidiary protection decisions dropped from 46% to 30%.\n\n\nNonetheless, many children saw their asylum claims rejected,\nincluding those from Iraq (48%) followed by Afghanistan and Cote\nd\u2019Ivoire (41% each) and Turkey (40%) . [13 ]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2,177**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n81%\n\n\n41%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Decisions on Child Asylum Applications between January and June 2018|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|\n|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|
6
7%
Eritrea
Childr|\n|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|66%|\n|between January and June 2018

6
66%
7%
12%
30%
55%
3%
Eritrea
Childr
Syrian
Children|
||66%|\n||41%

19%
Afghan
Children|41%

19%
Afghan
Children|29%
Guin
Chil|\n|17%
23%
48%
34%
7%
Iraq
Children|17%
23%
|17%
23%
||\n|17%
23%
48%
34%
7%
Iraq
Children|17%
23%
|17%
23%
|
37%|\n|17%
23%
48%
34%
7%
Iraq
Children|17%
23%
|17%
23%
|9%
5%5%
Tuni
Chil|\n|17%
23%
48%
34%
7%
Iraq
Children|17%
23%
|17%
23%
||\n|
11%|
11%|
11%||\n|30%
27%
Co
d'Iv
Chil
40%
1%
55%
4%
Turkey
Children|30%
27%
Co
d'Iv
Chil
40%
1%
55%
4%
Turkey
Children|30%
27%
Co
d'Iv
Chil
40%
1%
55%
4%
Turkey
Children|30%
27%
Co
d'Iv
Chil|\n\n\nREJECTED ASYLUM APPLICATIONS\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS\n\n\n_Source:_ _Eurostat, Date: 13 September, 2018_\n\n\n\nSUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\nHUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n##### Relocation\n\n\n\nBetween October 2015 and June 2018, a total of **34,694** persons\n\n\n\nAlmost a quarter of all relocated UASC since the programme\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n\n##### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\nOf the total returnees (1,650) from Greece to Turkey under the\nEU - Turkey statement since the start of 2016 until the end of\nJune 2018, 79 (5%) were children. All of them were returned\nwith their families.\n\n\n_[Source: Returns from Greece to Turkey](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/64619)_\n\n##### Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) for Children and UASC [17]\n\nBetween January and June 2018, IOM provided AVRR support\nto more than **28,000** migrants (25% less than 38,019 supported\nduring the same period in 2017). **21%** of migrants availing AVRR\nsupport were children, **4%** of whom were UASC.\n\n61% of the AVRR beneficiaries returned from the European\nEconomic Area and Switzerland (half of them from Germany).\nChildren accounted for 23% of the beneficiaries returning from\nthe European Economic Area and Switzerland, among them 2%\nwere UASC.\n\n##### Definitions:\n\nA **\"separated child\"** is a child separated from both parents or\nfrom his/her previous legal or customary primary care-giver,\n\nbut not necessarily from other relatives. This may, therefore,\nmean that the child is accompanied by other adult family\nmembers.\n\nAn \" **unaccompanied child** \" is a child separated from both\nparents and other relatives and are not being cared for by any\nother adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so.\n\n[[Source]](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/4098b3172/inter-agency-guiding-principles-unaccompanied-separated-children.html)\n\nA \" **refugee** \" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of\nbeing persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is\noutside the country of his nationality and is unable to or, owing\nto such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that\ncountry (Article 1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\n##### Family Reunification\n\nIn the first six months of 2018, IOM assisted **4,882** refugees and\nmigrants with family reunification in the European Economic Area\n(EEA).\n\nThe people assisted were primarily nationals of Afghanistan, the\nSyrian Arab Republic, Somalia, Ethiopia and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire who\nre-united with their family members residing in EEA. The majority\nof cases were processed in Italy (30%), the United Kingdom\n(22%), North European countries (Finland, Iceland and Sweden\ncomprised 29% of the total) and 13 different countries in the EEA.\n\n##### Children Resettled to Europe\n\nOf the total number of resettlement submissions to Europe in\n2018 ( **22,998** ), **50%** were children (27% boys and 23% girls).\nMost children in Europe were resettled to the United Kingdom,\nFrance, Sweden, Germany and Netherland. During the year,\n**16,526** resettled refugees departed to European countries. [18 ]\n\n\n_Sources: Hellenic_ _Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian State_\n_Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR resettlement portal and UNICEF_\n\n\nAn **\"asylum seeker\"** is a person who. is someone who has\napplied for asylum and is waiting for a decision as to whether or\nnot they are a refugee.\n\nDetermination of refugee status can only be of a declaratory\nnature. Indeed, any person is a refugee within the framework\nof a given instrument if he meets the criteria of the refugee\ndefinition in that instrument, whether he is formally recognized\nas a refugee or not (UNHCR Note on Determination of Refugee\n[Status under International Instruments) [Source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments.html)\n\nA **\"migrant\"** refers to any person who is moving or has\nmoved across an international border or within a State away\nfrom his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the\nperson\u2019s legal status; (2) whether the movement is voluntary\nor involuntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4)\nwhat the length of the stay is _._ [[Source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2018\n\n##### Limitations\n\n\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and\nchildren) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements\nare largely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which are\ndifficult to track. Where collected, data is rarely disaggregated by\nnationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or currently\nresiding in, different European countries is often unavailable. The\nnumber of asylum applications filed by UASC is used to provide an\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1 Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and reflects only\nsea arrivals for Greece and Italy. It does not reflect recent sharp increase of land arrivals\nin Greece. Data for Spain includes both sea and land arrivals and is based on UNHCR\nestimates, pending provision of final figures by Spanish MOI. Figures for UASC are only\navailable for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or Melilla).\n\n2 Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or\ncustomary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may, therefore,\ninclude children accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children are\nchildren who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being\ncared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. (IASC)\n\n3 Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border activities and are\nprovided by Hellenic Police.\n\n4 During the same period of time, a total of 3,242 referrals were made to the Greek National\nCentre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on islands and mainland\nGreece, including near the land border with Turkey in January-June 2018.\n\n5 Data on arrivals in Italy is provided by the Italian Ministry of Interior. The information on\nnationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by\nmigrants as reported by the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n6 ibid.\n\n7 For Spain, this is based on UNHCR estimates, pending provision of final figures by Spanish\nMOI.\n\n8 Accommodation sites refer to open temporary reception facilities operate on the Greek\nmainland to provide collective temporary housing to asylum seekers, refugees or persons\nwho are exempted from the return procedure/ or whose removal has been postponed. Most\nare camp-like facilities with housing units (containers), while some are in buildings.\n\n\n9 Emergency Support to Integration and Accommodation System in Greece.\n\n##### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM with the\naim to support evidence-based decision-making and advocacy on issues\nrelated to refugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe with\nregards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and UASC).\nIt compiles key child-related data based on available official sources:\narrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions, profiling of arrivals,\n\n\n\nindication of trends but does not necessarily provide an accurate\npicture of the caseload due to backlogs in national asylum systems,\nonward irregular movements or not applying for asylum at all. In\naddition, due to different definitions and national procedures and\npractices, collecting accurate data on separated children specifically\nis very challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as\neither accompanied or unaccompanied).\n\n\n10 Hotels for UASC are emergency accommodation spaces being used as a measure to care for\nUASC in light of the insufficient number of available shelter places. Priority is given to UASC\nin Reception and Identification Centers.\n\n11 Safe Zones are designated supervised spaces within accommodation sites which provide\nUASC with 24/7 emergency protection and care. They should be used as short term\n(maximum 3 months) measures to care for UASC in light of the insufficient number of\navailable shelter places. Safe Zone priority is given to UASC in detention as well as other\nvulnerable children, in line with their best interests.\n\n12 The dissagregated data by the type of children (UASC/AC) and accommodation is not\navailable.\n\n13 Decisions on child asylum claims do not directly correlate to the data on new arrivals\npresented in this report; the number of decisions made include those for child asylum\napplications lodged prior to 2018, and will include children who arrived by land and air who\nare not included in the new arrival figures in this report. Furthermore, newly arrived children\nand families may claim asylum months after arrival, and some may not apply for asylum at\nall,\n\n14 The UK Government committed to transferring approximately 300 vulnerable\nunaccompanied and separated children from France, Greece and Italy to the UK between\n1 October 2017 and 31 March 2019. IOM is responsible for providing health assessments,\npre-departure orientation and movement management.\n\n15 This number reflects all relocations since the launch of the EU relocation scheme in late\n2015.\n\n16 For reference, 103 transfers took place between January and June 2017.\n\n17 The data provided here is provisional and should therefore be considered as an estimation.\n\n18 Figures for submissions and departures only include those that UNHCR assisted.\n\n\nrelocation from Greece and Italy under the EU relocation scheme, as\nwell as returns from Greece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period from January to June 2018\nand is produced every six months to provide up-to-date information on\nrefugee and migrant children, including unaccompanied and separated\nchildren.\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Tsvetomira Bidart**\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.9069121479988098, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8806858062744141, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.7898374795913696, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.542674720287323, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nestimates", - "confidence": 0.7299981117248535, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7289685010910034, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.5750129818916321, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Arrival figures for Greece", - "confidence": 0.5230466723442078, - "start": 269, - "end": 273 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IASC", - "confidence": 0.5258562564849854, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7316396236419678, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals in Italy", - "confidence": 0.9328845739364624, - "start": 339, - "end": 344 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information on\nnationality breakdown", - "confidence": 0.8139566779136658, - "start": 354, - "end": 358 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6503603458404541, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Italian Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.6226446032524109, - "start": 348, - "end": 352 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Italian Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.9883008003234863, - "start": 348, - "end": 352 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6265825033187866, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.7614194750785828, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR estimates", - "confidence": 0.5266181826591492, - "start": 390, - "end": 392 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6283336877822876, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.6684430241584778, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8544228076934814, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.7521618008613586, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9292160272598267, - "start": 503, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on separated children", - "confidence": 0.7363598346710205, - "start": 602, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated children", - "confidence": 0.698279082775116, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.9428778886795044, - "start": 770, - "end": 774 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Decisions on child asylum claims", - "confidence": 0.500999927520752, - "start": 759, - "end": 764 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UK", - "confidence": 0.566798210144043, - "start": 844, - "end": 845 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7855076789855957, - "start": 793, - "end": 794 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "relocation scheme", - "confidence": 0.704132616519928, - "start": 900, - "end": 902 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.8904169201850891, - "start": 995, - "end": 999 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/acd81b9f-ff4b-3428-9941-a8afd9c68764/67831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_176/raw/doc_176_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_176/raw/doc_176_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ce022a926681e68ce91a1733e1bbee2c35ebbe4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_176/raw/doc_176_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,756 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Health access and utilization survey** **among Syrian refugees in Lebanon**\n\n_UNHCR, December 2018_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9998455047607422, - "start": 3, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9927718043327332, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9975953698158264, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9965980648994446, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Background\n\nLebanon currently hosts just under 1 million registered refugees who live both in urban centers and\ninformal settlements. UNHCR is providing assistance and support to refugees through a variety of\nprograms covering basic assistance, protection, shelter, WASH, education and health. The public health\nunit of UNHCR plays a role both in provision of health care services and institutional support through\nimplementing partners and in coordination of the response together with the Lebanese Ministry of Public\nHealth (MOPH) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The UNHCR public health programme aims to\nenhance refugee access to comprehensive health services within Lebanon. Primary health care (PHC) is\nthe core of all health interventions and in partnership with local and international implementing partners\nUNHCR is supporting 10 PHC facilities where a basic package of health care services [1] is provided for free\nor at subsidized prices for refugees. In addition, UNHCR supports two centers specialized in mental health.\nIn total, there are 137 primary health care facilities [2] countrywide supported by partners in which\nsubsidized care is available for refugees. Referral care is an essential component of access to\ncomprehensive health services for refugees. UNHCR supports deliveries and life-saving emergency care\nby paying a part of hospital fees depending on the cost of the admission. To facilitate the administration\nof referral care support, UNHCR contracts a Third Party Administrator (TPA) and since January 2017 this\nis NEXtCARE. In July 2018, in order to control utilization and high costs of the UNHCR referral care\nprogramme, a new cost-sharing scheme was introduced which meant that beneficiaries need to pay a\nhigher proportion of low-cost admissions than before. At the same time beneficiary contribution to high\ncost admissions was reduced. This change is expected to increase beneficiaries\u2019 expenditure on low cost\nadmissions such as deliveries and might influence health seeking behavior for certain pathologies\n(common infectious diseases) towards primary health care rather than hospital emergency rooms (ER).\n\n\nIt is challenging to collect reliable routine data on the health service needs of urban/non-camp refugees\nwhen compared to those residing in traditional camps. For this reason, Household Access and Utilization\nSurveys (HAUS) allow UNHCR to monitor trends in how refugees access and utilize health services over\ntime. The proportion of registered Syrian refugee households with telephone numbers in Lebanon is 98%.\nSince 2014, UNHCR Lebanon has conducted annual telephone HAUS surveys which have provided\nimportant information on the challenges faced by refugees in accessing health care services. The survey\nresults guide program delivery by providing timely and regular information in a cost-efficient manner on\nkey variables relating to access and utilization.\n\n#### Objective\n\nTo monitor refugees\u2019 access to and utilization of available health care services. The survey will aim to\nassess significant changes, if any, occurred since the last survey which was conducted in 2017.\n\n#### Methods\n\n- The survey was conducted through telephone interviews from the 8 [th] to 15 [th] of November 2018.\n\n\n1 Including: vaccination, malnutrition screening and management, medication for acute and chronic conditions, laboratory tests\nand consultations for acute as well as non-communicable diseases, sexual and reproductive health and mental health.\n2 In this report primary health care facilities refers to MOPH Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs), dispensaries, Social\nDevelopment Centers (SDCs) and UNRWA clinics.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Access and Utilization\nSurveys", - "confidence": 0.9941672086715698, - "start": 395, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8074240684509277, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HAUS", - "confidence": 0.9992577433586121, - "start": 401, - "end": 402 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8835181593894958, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9714468717575073, - "start": 430, - "end": 431 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8377482891082764, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6906353235244751, - "start": 423, - "end": 426 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9394413232803345, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6187928915023804, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9347519278526306, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.989017128944397, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The survey was conducted by operators in a call-center who got 1 day of training.\n\n- Surveyed households were selected using random sampling, from a master list provided by UNHCR\nregistration unit containing all registered refugees in Lebanon (as of October 2018), with a valid\ntelephone number in the database.\n\n- The WHO STEP sample size calculator was used to obtain a representative sample [3] .\n\n- Sample size was determined based on a desired confidence level of 5% for key indicators, design effect\nof 1, and accounted for a non-response rate of 50% (i.e. number of responders double as many as\nnon-respondents)\n\n- Selected HHs were contacted and interviewed over the phone by the interviewers.\n\n- Participation was fully voluntary and respondents were informed that information provided would be\nconfidential and participation would not have any consequences in regards to UNHCR support and\nassistance to the household.\n\n- The head of household, or an adult (aged \u226518) who could respond on his/her behalf, was interviewed.\n\n- The specific inclusion and exclusion criteria for individuals within a selected household are as follows:\n**Inclusion**\n\n`o` In case of absence, adult who can provide response on behalf of the household\n**Exclusion**\n\n`o` Not providing informed consent\n\n`o` Under 18 years of age\n\n`o` Not registered in the database\n\n- Costs were asked for in Lebanese Pounds and converted to USD (1 USD=1500 LBP).\n\n- Data was entered in real time on call-center desktops using the software Project X developed by\nUNHCR Lebanon. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2011.\n\n#### Key findings\n##### A. Baseline characteristics of population\n\n- At the time of the survey, the population of registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon numbered 951,629\nindividuals, living in 217,034 households (4.4 individuals per household).\n\n- 48% of the refugees were male and 52% female.\n\n- 16% of the refugee population was less than 5 years old.\n\n\nB. Baseline characteristics of sample\n\n- A total of 1351 households were selected to participate in the survey (originally 1051 but 300 added\ndue to low response rate).\n\n- 479 (35%) households were interviewed. The most common reason for non-response was either that\nno-one responded to the call or that the number was not functioning. Only two households actively\ndeclined to take part in the study.\n\n\n3WHO | STEPS Sample Size Calculator and Sampling Spreadsheet; http://www.who.int/chp/steps/resources/sampling/en/\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8096756935119629, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7981635332107544, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR\nregistration unit", - "confidence": 0.7359490394592285, - "start": 32, - "end": 35 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9827861785888672, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.720718264579773, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered refugees", - "confidence": 0.8697783946990967, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.8026395440101624, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Baseline characteristics of population", - "confidence": 0.5655996203422546, - "start": 323, - "end": 327 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9775720238685608, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5803300142288208, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5082528591156006, - "start": 338, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6799301505088806, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Baseline characteristics of population", - "confidence": 0.6053450703620911, - "start": 323, - "end": 327 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7468090653419495, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9715097546577454, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6635643839836121, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.796776294708252, - "start": 338, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The main reason for the lower than expected response rate is believed to be that refugees are familiar\nwith the call-center number and choose not to respond to calls.\n\n- Participating households had a total of 2214 members, and surveyed households had an average\nnumber of 4.6 individuals.\n\n- 51% of surveyed household members were female and 19% were less than 5 years old.\n\n\nC. Knowledge about available services and health care expenditure\n\n- 457 households answered on questions about knowledge on available assistance\n\n- 60% of interviewed households knew that refugees have access to subsidized services at primary\nhealth care facilities for between 3,000 and 5,000 LL. Corresponding figure from 2017 was 55%.\n\n- 80% of households knew that UNHCR supported life-saving hospital care and care for deliveries.\nCorresponding figure from 2017 was 74%.\n\n- 62% knew that vaccination for children <12 years is free at primary health care facilities. Figure in\n2017 was 59%.\n\n- 22% of respondents were aware of how to obtain services for survivors of domestic abuse or sexual\nviolence. Figure in 2017 was 31%.\n\n- 34% of respondents knew that drugs for acute conditions could be obtained for free at primary health\ncare facilities. Figure in 2017 was 42.\n\n- 73% of households reported spending money on health care the previous calendar month. This is a\nsignificant increase from corresponding figure from 2017 which was 53%. However, corresponding\nfigure in 2016 was 65%. The increase seen for 2018 is also reflected in the number of persons reporting\nhaving an acute condition during the previous month (see below).\n\n- Refugees who needed care spent an average of USD 157 (median: USD 87) in the month preceding\nthe survey. Corresponding figures from 2017, 2016 and 2015 were USD 154, USD 148 and USD 136\nrespectively. Median expenditure increased from 75 USD in 2017.\n\n\nD. Sexual and reproductive health\n(i) Antenatal care services\n\n- 219 women reported having been pregnant during the 2 years preceding the survey. 78% (171)\ndelivered during this period.\n\n- 72% (123) of the women who had delivered had received antenatal care (ANC) services.\nCorresponding figure from 2017 was 74%.\n\n- Out of the 123 women attending ANC, 72% went for 4 visits or more.\n\n- Of all women that delivered, 51% went for 4 or more ANC visits which is an increase compared with\n2017 during which the corresponding figure was 41%.\n\n- Most common reasons for not accessing ANC services were clinic fees (38%), and thinking that ANC\nwas not necessary (26%). 19% reported to not know where to go for ANC.\n\n- 156 women answered the question about where they had received ANC care. 88 (56%) had gone to a\nprimary health care facility and 67 (43%) had gone to a private clinic.\n\n- 30% of women had received ANC at more than one facility.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.860988438129425, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9455052018165588, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.507401168346405, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 81% (127) reported having paid for ANC visits while 17% (27) reported they got ANC for free. Median\ncost for an ANC visit at a primary health care facility (for those who paid and could recall an amount)\nwas USD 9. Corresponding cost at a private clinic was USD 27 USD.\n\n\n(ii) Delivery services\n\n- 162 out of the 171 women who delivered answered the question about where they had delivered.\n88% (143) had delivered in a hospital and 5% (8) had delivered at home. 6% (10) had delivered in\nfacilities that were not hospitals. 4 of the 10 women who had delivered at home were assisted by a\ntrained birth attendant (TBA), 2 by family members and 1 delivered alone.\n\n- Reasons for delivering at home include worrying about hospital costs (50%), and the fact that a\nmidwife was available to assist the delivery at home (50%).\n\n- The proportion of women who reported delivering via caesarean section was 31%.\n\n- 163 of the women who had delivered answered on questions about financial assistance. 75% (122)\nreported having received financial assistance from UNHCR for their delivery. 13% (22) did not pay\nanything for their delivery.\n\n- 66 respondents had a UNHCR-supported normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and could estimate what they\nhad paid. The median cost reported was USD 80. The corresponding figure from 2017 was USD 75.\n\n- 11 respondents had vaginal deliveries without UNHCR financial support and could recall the cost. The\nmedian cost was USD 200.\n\n- 38 respondents had a UNHCR supported C-section and could estimate what they had paid. The median\ncost was USD 237.\n\n- 9 respondents that underwent C-section without financial support had a median cost of USD 500.\n\n- Median cost for home-delivery was USD 100.\n\n\n(iii) Post-natal care services\n\n- Only 26% (42) of the 163 women who had delivered and answered the question, had sought postnatal care (PNC) services. The corresponding figure in 2017 was 28%.\n\n- Reasons for not seeking PNC were thinking that the services were not necessary (56%), and inability\nto afford the clinic fees (35%).\n\n\n**(iv)** Family planning\n\n- 347 households were willing to answer questions about family planning.\n\n- Of these, 57% (197) reported using some method of family planning which is an increase from 48%\nreported in 2017.\n\n- 38% of respondents used contraceptive pills, 31% used intrauterine devices (IUDs), 13% used\ncondoms, and 25% only used traditional methods (withdrawal, calendar etc.).\n\n- Reasons for not using family planning include, planning for pregnancy (35%), not affording the cost\n(10%), worries about side-effects (7%), that one (or both) of the spouses was too old for sex or for\nbecoming pregnant (6%) and that contraceptives are culturally unacceptable (5%).\n\n- 29% gave \u201cother\u201d as a reason for not using contraceptive methods. The respondents had been given\nthe option of specifying \u201cother\u201d and closer analysis of these responses revealed reasons such as\nspouse being away, being ill or dead.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questions about financial assistance", - "confidence": 0.8189439177513123, - "start": 211, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5812029242515564, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7629032731056213, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5512126088142395, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "responses", - "confidence": 0.8179203867912292, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8870127201080322, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9584000110626221, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "E. Childhood vaccinations\n\n- 430 children < 5 years old were part of the survey and questions were asked about their vaccinations.\n88% (379) had received a vaccination booklet.\n\n- 83% of children had received oral polio vaccination, and 88% had received injectable vaccines.\n\n- 10% (38) of 377 children that had received injectable vaccines were vaccinated before arriving in\nLebanon.\n\n- The respondents were asked where in Lebanon the children had been vaccinated with injectable\nvaccines. 80% of the children had been vaccinated at least once in a primary health care facility, 16%\nin a UNHCR reception center and 10% in a mobile clinic. 10% indicated UNHCR reception center as\nthe only place where they had been vaccinated with injectable vaccines.\n\n- 39% (128) of refugees that had received injectable vaccines in Lebanon had to pay for the vaccination.\n\n- Refugees paid a median cost of USD 7 for vaccination services (for those who reported paying).\n\n- Reasons given by the 27 respondents who did not take children for vaccination included, clinic fees\nbeing too high (26%) and didn\u2019t know where to go (19%). 48% reported \u201cother\u201d reasons and closer\nanalysis revealed that most commonly it was because the child had been sick at the time for\nvaccination.\n\n\nF. Chronic conditions\n\n- 36% (173) of 479 households responding to the question reported at least one member with a chronic\nmedical condition.\n\n- 11% (245) of the 2,210 household members answering, reported to have a chronic medical condition.\n(16% in 2017).\n\n- Conditions include: (29%) hypertension, (26%) asthma/pulmonary disease, (14%) heart disease, (13%)\ndiabetes and (5%) mental disease.\n\n- 19% reported to have more than one chronic disorder.\n\n- A large proportion (26%) of respondents reported \u201cother\u201d as one of the chronic disorders that they\nsuffered from. Closer analysis showed that the most common other disorders were: Congenital\nconditions in children, rheumatism, thyroid disorders and embolism/thrombosis.\n\n- 66% of the 238 household members with a chronic condition that responded to the question had\naccessed medical care and/or medicines for their condition during the last 3 months (65% in 2017).\n\n- Of the 165 individuals who could recall the facilities where they had sought care, 45% (69) had gone\nto a primary health care facility, 14% (22) to a private clinic and 35% (53) to a pharmacy.\n\n- 22% of those who sought care did not have to pay for the services. 43% of those who went to PHCCs\nreceived services for free.\n\n- Of those who did have to pay in a primary health care facility median cost was USD 33. Of those who\nwent to a private clinic the median cost was USD 37. Of those who went to a pharmacy the median\ncost was USD 19.\n\n- The main barrier to accessing care for those with chronic conditions was the inability to pay clinic fees\n(66%) or cost of drugs (34%).\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.929056704044342, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "questions were asked about their vaccinations", - "confidence": 0.5048746466636658, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8166769742965698, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.99004727602005, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children < 5 years old", - "confidence": 0.8422186374664307, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical condition", - "confidence": 0.5556440949440002, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6197993159294128, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7029062509536743, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.7406262755393982, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "G. Acute conditions\n\n- 30% (664) of the 2,202 household members who responded to the question reported to have an acute\nmedical condition during the month preceding the survey. This constitute a significant increase from\n2017 that had the corresponding figure of 8%. Possible explanation for the big difference is that there\nwere more seasonal infections (i.e. respiratory) during the investigated period in 2018 than 2017. It\nneeds to be considered that the period investigated in 2018 was later in the year than in the 2017\nHAUS.\n\n- Among them, 36% (237) did not seek health care for their acute medical condition (23% in 2017). The\nmajority (66%) could not afford clinic fees and 27% did not think it was necessary to seek care.\n\n- Out of the 418 who sought health care and answered the question, 32% (133) went to a primary\nhealth care facility, 13% (53) to a private clinic and 7% (28) to a hospital. 47% (196) went to a pharmacy\nfor care.\n\n- 86% (351) of 410 who sought care and responded to the question got health care at the first facility\nthey went to. The corresponding figure from 2017 was 87%.\n\n- 12 of the ones who didn\u2019t get care at the first facility sought health care at a second facility and 75%\n(9) got the needed care. Proportion of all individuals that sought care and eventually got it was 88%.\n\n- 94% (324) of the refugees that received care for acute medical conditions had to pay for the services:\n12% got assistance from UNHCR in paying for the services.\n\n- Respondents who could recall the amount they had paid for care reported the following median costs:\nOverall USD 15 USD, primary health care facilities clinics USD 13, Private clinics USD 44, pharmacies\nUSD 13, and hospitals USD 100.\n\n- Reasons for not receiving services despite seeking them include the facility could not offer the needed\nservices (31%), couldn\u2019t afford the fees (26%) and the facility refused to provide the service (4%).\n\n#### Limitations\n\n- Survey was limited to refugee households registered with UNHCR with a telephone number which\nmeans that households without a phone could not be included.\n\n- Despite attempts to account for non-response during sampling and verify telephone numbers prior\nto the survey, some households declined to participate in the survey and others could not be reached,\neither because no-one answered or because the phone-number no longer was active. When calling\nfrom a call-center with a known number it seems like the likelihood of not answering the phone\nincreased significantly.\n\n- Interviews were held with only one key informant from each household and answers are selfreported. Lack of information by the informant or poor recall available to the household respondent\nmight have affected the quality of response and led to bias.\n\n- Despite training of surveyors and phrasing questions in an explanatory way, concepts such as chronic\nand acute illness, primary health care centers, private clinics and hospitals might not be clearly\nunderstood by the respondents which in turn will affect their answers.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5988115072250366, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6677186489105225, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9515795707702637, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6806862354278564, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.9881396293640137, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9684744477272034, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5584187507629395, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9482660293579102, - "start": 431, - "end": 433 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8581960201263428, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7249811291694641, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9849874377250671, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Conclusions\n\n- Awareness of available support remains at same level as in 2017. Areas for which knowledge\nremains low are: where to obtain free medication and where to obtain support for SGBV.\n\n\n- Significant increase in proportion of households reporting spending money on health during\nmonth preceding survey compared to 2017. On the other hand this year\u2019s figure is close to\nfigure of 2016 which suggests that need to spend on health is a dynamic parameter. This\nyear\u2019s survey was conducted later in the year than during 2017 which means that incidence\nof seasonal infections might have been higher among this year\u2019s respondents. Average\namount spent per household is similar to last year even if trend over several years is\nincreasing.\n\n\n- No change in number of pregnant women accessing ANC \u2013 the figure remains low at 72%.\nHowever, the proportion of women who do access ANC seems to go for more visits than\npreviously. A surprisingly high proportion of women prefers private clinics over primary\nhealth care facilities despite a clear difference in reported median cost between the two (USD\n27 vs 9). The majority of respondents not going for ANC report cost as the major factor\ninfluencing the decision but more than a quarter also believe that ANC is not necessary.\n\n\n- No significant difference in proportion of home deliveries compared to 2017. Median cost for\na normal vaginal delivery (NVD) did not increase significantly from 2017.\n\n\n- Uptake of post-natal care services continue to be low, although no significant change since\n2017. As before, the most reported reason for not going for PNC is that it is believed not to\nbe necessary.\n\n\n- As in previous years, less than half of surveyed households report using a family planning\nmethod. As before the most reported reason for not using contraceptives is \u201cplanning for\npregnancy\u201d.\n\n\n- There is a decrease compared to 2017 in proportion of respondents reporting having a\nchronic medical condition. In 2017 however, the proportion was unexpectedly high. A factor\nthat might cause this figure to fluctuate is the difficulty to explain to the respondents the\ndefinition of \u201cchronic medical condition\u201d. Minimal changes were seen regarding prevalence\nof the most common chronic disorders within the sample such as Hypertension, Diabetes and\nAsthma/Pulmonary disease. Access to services for chronic disorders remains unchanged at\naround two-thirds of respondents and most commonly reported reason is inability to afford\nclinic fees. There is little difference in costs between private clinics and primary health care\nfacilities but those seeking care directly at pharmacies pay significantly less.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9493771195411682, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5648079514503479, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7864211201667786, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.903910219669342, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- There was a remarkable increase of proportion of respondents reporting to have had an acute\nmedical condition during the month preceding the survey. Possible explanations include\nincrease of seasonal infections (since survey was conducted at a later point in the year in 2018\nthan in 2017) and difficulty for respondents to define \u201cacute\u201d. A significantly smaller\nproportion sought health care for acute conditions compared to 2017, but out of the ones\nwho did, the proportion who got care was the same as last year. Regarding facilities in which\nrespondents sought care for acute conditions, a higher proportion turned to pharmacies\ncompared to 2017 while a lower proportion went to primary health care clinics or hospitals.\nAs in 2017 the most reported reasons for not seeking health care for an acute condition were\nnot being able to afford clinic fees followed by not thinking it was necessary. It should be\nnoted that since the type of conditions for which respondents sought care might differ\nbetween 2017 and 2018 it is difficult to compare the two years in terms of health seeking\nbehavior. Median cost going to a private clinic was significantly higher than going to a primary\nhealth care facility, but there was no difference in cost between primary health care facility\nand pharmacies.\n\n#### Recommendations\n\n\nSimilarly to previous years, cost is the major barrier for seeking health care among Syrian refugees, but at\nthe same time a surprisingly large proportion of refugees choose private alternatives which often are\nmore costly than primary health care facilities. This is specifically true for antenatal care. For acute and\nchronic disorders it seems like seeking care at pharmacies makes financial sense to refugees as they are\npaying less or as much as when they seek care at primary health care facilities. This despite the fact that\nmedication for minimal fees should be available at primary health care level. To overcome the barrier that\ncost constitutes it is therefore recommended to\n\n\n1. Maintain and possibly expand number of services available to refugees at reduced costs\n\nand number of facilities where they are offered;\n2. Improve information sharing to refugees about available services at reduced costs and\n\nwhere they are offered. Awareness raising through existing communication channels with\n\nrefugees as well as expanding use of outreach networks and social media is recommended.\n3. Enhance monitoring and oversight of clinics and hospitals to ensure adherence to agree upon\n\nfees, tackling hidden costs, rational prescribing of essential medicines and rational use of\nlaboratory investigations. Furthermore to ensure, through supporting the national supply system\nand capacity of primary health care pharmacists that supported facilities have uninterrupted\nsupplies of vaccines and essential medications to avoid unnecessary out of pocket expenditure at\nprivate pharmacies.\n\nRegarding ANC and PNC there are still a large proportion of refugees who do not consider these services\nnecessary which highlights a need to\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9845736622810364, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5418503880500793, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9898176789283752, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Increase awareness among refugees about the importance of ANC and PNC for safe\n\npregnancy, delivery and neonatal care. The same also applies for family planning services\nwhich remains underutilized.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|5)Chronic Conditions|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|4.1 Prevalence|
Figure 11:Proportion of different chronic conditions reported (n=384)


Figure 12: Reasons for not accessing chronic care (n=130)


29%
26%
26%
19%
14%
13%
11%
2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Hypertension
Other
Lung disorder
Kidney disease
Heart disease
Diabetes
Mental disease
Cancer
65%
34%
16%
14%
11%
10%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Could not afford clinic fees
Could not afford drugs
Could not afford transport
Did not think it was necessary
Didn't know where to go
HC did not provide services
Did not like the staff|\n|11%
Proportion of respondents who
reported having a chronic condition
(n=2210)|11%
Proportion of respondents who
reported having a chronic condition
(n=2210)|\n|||\n|36%
Proportion of respondents 40 years
or above who reported having a
chronic condition (n=284)|36%
Proportion of respondents 40 years
or above who reported having a
chronic condition (n=284)|\n|||\n|37%
Proportion of households with at
least one member having a chronic
disorder (n=471)|37%
Proportion of households with at
least one member having a chronic
disorder (n=471)|\n|||\n|19%
Proportion of individuals that
reported having more than one
chronic condition (n=384)|19%
Proportion of individuals that
reported having more than one
chronic condition (n=384)|\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 13: Where sought care for chronic disorder (n=252)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b537648-272a-353c-9279-b012153a4b28/67944.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_177/raw/doc_177_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_177/raw/doc_177_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b1cc30b1e155911ed68adb26815104e316ed47af..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_177/raw/doc_177_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Health Sector Humanitarian Response Strategy\n\n## **Jordan** **2019-2020**\n\n**February 2019**\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Table of Content**\n\n**1. Introduction ................\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 3**\n**2. Context ......... \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 3**\n**3. Overview of health needs and risks \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 4**\n**i. Health system performance \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 9**\n**ii. Target groups and areas\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026........ 10**\n**iii. Coordination ...\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 10**\n**iv. Strategic Intersections \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 11**\n**4. Goal ........\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 12**\n**5. Objectives ......\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 12**\n**6. Strategic Approaches ..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 13**\n**7. Key Overarching Principles/ Approaches\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026. 15**\n\nAnnex 1: Health Sector Budgetary Requirements 3RP 2019 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026 **19**\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. Introduction**\n\n\n\nIn early 2014, a Health Sector Strategic Advisory Group (SAG)\nfor the Humanitarian Response was formed to further support\n### Syrian Refugees the work of the Health Sector Working Group in Jordan. One of Registered with the SAG\u2019s main tasks [1] was to develop the Health Sector\n\nHumanitarian Response Strategy, expanding upon the existing\n### UNHCR response strategy and objectives present in the Syria Regional\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640** _Refugees Response Plan (3RP)_ . This was updated in late 2018 to\n#### Urban areas: 545,609 incorporate the latest response strategy, as well as reflect Camps: 126,041 significant changes made to the national health policy of\n\nprovision of services to registered Syrian refugees.\n#### **Female: 50.3%**\nThis document, which will be periodically updated, outlines the\n#### **Under 5 Y: 15.2 %**\ncontext of the humanitarian response in Jordan, particularly\n#### Above 60 Y: 3.8 % highlighting the Syrian refugee crisis and its implications on the\n\nnational health system. Virtually all the data and figures in the\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_ strategy are related to Syrian refugees, as a large number of\n_**December 31**_ _**[st]**_ _**2016**_\n\nassessments have been carried out with this population in\nrecent years. It is important to note, however, that the\nhumanitarian response in Jordan also addresses refugees of nationalities other than Syrian, as well\nas the affected vulnerable Jordanian population. In addition to Syrian refugees, Jordan is also host\nto a significant Iraqi, government estimate about 600,000 Iraqis reside in country while refugee\npopulation are about 67,000 and also to refugees of other nationalities (nearly 23,000), testament\nto the Kingdom\u2019s long history of providing safe haven to those fleeing strife in their homeland.\nover 1.2 million Syrians living in Jordan based on 2016 census data, the numbers of Syrians who\nhave sought refuge here (over 671,000 to date), and the resulting impact on the national\ninfrastructure has required ongoing humanitarian support. As the crisis continues, there is a need to\nshift focus from short-term interventions to longer and more sustainable ones, expanding national\ncapacity to respond to this, and future crises. During that transition, adequate health coverage must\ncontinue to be provided for all affected populations.\n\n\n### Syrian Refugees Registered with UNHCR\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n#### **Urban areas: 545,609** **Camps: 126,041** **Female: 50.3%** **Under 5 Y: 15.2 %** **Above 60 Y: 3.8 %**\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_\n_**December 31**_ _**[st]**_ _**2016**_\n\n\n#### **2. Context**\n\nWithin the overall coordination approach to the Syrian refugee response in Jordan, the Health\nSector brings together different UN agencies, national and international NGOs, donors and\ngovernment actors who are all working to support the continued provision of essential health\nservices to Syrian refugee women, girls, boys and men.\nWith the Syrian crisis in its eighth year the evolving humanitarian context poses new demands on\nhealth systems in Jordan and consequently on the Health Sector. Planning and coordination need to\nbe strengthened even further to ensure an appropriate response. This includes strengthening\nnational capacity to cope with the increased numbers requiring health services; improving\n\n\n1\nJordan Refugee Response. Health Sector Strategic Advisory Group for the Humanitarian Response Terms of Reference August 2016.\n[http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=6354](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=6354)\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2016 census data", - "confidence": 0.9088828563690186, - "start": 405, - "end": 408 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.999605119228363, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.999327540397644, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9176881909370422, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees Registered with UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6222361326217651, - "start": 495, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7201519012451172, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.720192551612854, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7613080143928528, - "start": 594, - "end": 595 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9552119970321655, - "start": 594, - "end": 595 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9817020893096924, - "start": 495, - "end": 497 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collection and analysis of data and dissemination of information; preparedness; and, crucially,\nimproving the alignment of international responses with national structures and strengthening the\nlink between the humanitarian and the development responses.\n\n\n_*Source: UNHCR Registration data \u2013 end December 2018_\n\n#### **3. Overview of health needs and risks**\n\n\nThe Syrian refugee health profile is contributes to the overall Jordanian health outlook, as the\ncountry faces an epidemiological transition to a high burden of **non-communicable diseases**\n(NCDs); 15.8 % of consultations in Zaatari in 2018 were for NCDs [2] (diabetes constituted 17%,\nhypertension 21% and asthma 12%). **Communicable diseases** also remain a public health concern\nwith a measles outbreak in Jordan in 2013 and an ongoing polio outbreak containment measures\n\n\n2\nThis does not include consultations for mental health and injuries.\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Registration data", - "confidence": 0.9969149827957153, - "start": 41, - "end": 44 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6154507994651794, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5010050535202026, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018_", - "confidence": 0.6058500409126282, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "implemented in the region; there have been 421 cases of tuberculosis diagnosed amongst Syrians\nliving in Jordan since March 2012 with four multidrug resistant cases [3]\nThe immunization coverage especially of refugees outside of camps has been improved over last\nyears with over 96 % MMR coverage and 97% for Polio [4] . However, immunization coverage remains\na concern particularly in light of the polio outbreak in Syria. The last virologically-confirmed polio\ncase in Jordan was reported on 3 March 1992. There is a need to maintain uptake of routine\nimmunization (Jordan has 11 vaccines in its schedule) to maintain the gains achieved during over\nlast years for both refugee and Jordanian children.\n\nCrude and under five mortality rates based on Zaatari data in 2018 were\n### within expected ranges and comparable to Jordan\u2019s rates. Neonatal Morbidity\n\nmortality has reduced (from 13.8 deaths in Zaatari in 2017 compared to **\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n9.7 in 2018). Nevertheless, a newborn health baseline assessment [5]\nconducted in March 2016 in Zaatari and Azraq camps demonstrated the\nneed to focus on developing the capacity of health care provider, **Zaatari in 2018 were for**\nreinforced use of appropriate and effective lower technology interventions **NCDs:**\nsuch as skin-to-skin care and early initiation of breast-feeding. As well as - **17% diabetes**\nimprove management of both maternal and neonatal complications at - **21% hypertension**\ncamp level. \n**March 2012**\n\n**NCD** management is not always satisfactory, with inadequate monitoring,\nlack of a multidisciplinary approach and treatment interruptions.\nAccording to a survey conducted by UNHCR in December 2018 [6] in non- **increase in NCD\u2019s**\ncamp refugees among household members, 27% of found with **prevalence**\nhypertension, 19 with Diabetes and 14% with Asthma. 48% of household\nmembers with chronic diseases reported difficulty accessing medicine or\nother health services. The main reasons mentioned for inability to get care were costs (49%), was\nnot available in the clinic (17%), and affording transport (19%). The continuing challenges in\nadequately addressing NCDs have the potential to seriously influence both quality of life and life\nexpectancy amongst refugees. MoH, WHO, UNHCR and other health stakeholders have to\nestablishes a task force to improve NCD.\n\n\n### Morbidity\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n\n\n**15.8 % of consultations in**\n**Zaatari in 2018 were for**\n**NCDs:**\n\n- **17% diabetes**\n\n- **21% hypertension**\n\n- **421 cases of TB since**\n**March 2012**\n\n**Urban Survey showed slight**\n**increase in NCD\u2019s**\n**prevalence**\n\n\n\n|Reasons for inability to obtain medicine|2018 (n=102)|2017 (n=143)|\n|---|---|---|\n|Long wait|3%|2%|\n|Staff were not polite|4%|1%|\n|Was not available in facility|19%|30%|\n|Couldn't afford user fees|52%|76%|\n|Can't afford transport|13%|9%|\n|Don't know where to go|4%|5%|\n|Others|6%|4%|\n\n\n3\nAs of end of December 2018\n4\nHealth Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2018\n5Newborn Health Baseline Assessment, UNHCR 2016\n6\nHealth Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2018\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Zaatari data", - "confidence": 0.9972422122955322, - "start": 133, - "end": 135 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Crude and under five mortality rates", - "confidence": 0.9178566932678223, - "start": 125, - "end": 131 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5788357257843018, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9965853691101074, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and Jordanian children", - "confidence": 0.5185398459434509, - "start": 120, - "end": 124 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "newborn health baseline assessment", - "confidence": 0.9680240750312805, - "start": 184, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.596086323261261, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8206617832183838, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9574785232543945, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7906915545463562, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9622451663017273, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9645416140556335, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp refugees", - "confidence": 0.554813802242279, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Urban Survey", - "confidence": 0.986770749092102, - "start": 524, - "end": 526 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5126662254333496, - "start": 525, - "end": 526 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.784340500831604, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5197209119796753, - "start": 559, - "end": 560 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6572518348693848, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "NCDs", - "confidence": 0.5224435925483704, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health Access and Utilization Survey", - "confidence": 0.9782826900482178, - "start": 673, - "end": 678 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8484121561050415, - "start": 677, - "end": 678 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9650739431381226, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6144505739212036, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6424490809440613, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Table 1**_ _\u2013 Reasons for not receiving care for chronic diseases_ management amongst Syrians.\n\n**Reproductive health** coverage has maintained at 100% of deliveries in\n### Zaatari and Azraq in 2018 attended by a skilled attendant. However, Reproductive\n\nboth complete antenatal care coverage (at least four visits) and tetanus\n### toxoid coverage need improvement. The proportion of deliveries in girls Health\n\nunder the age of 18 was 11.1 % for 2018, which represents an increase **\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\ncompared to the average for 2017 of 10%. Girls under 18 are more likely - **100% of deliveries in**\nto experience obstetric and neonatal complications. A cross sectional\nhealth survey was conducted among Syrian refugees living in Jordan, to **attended by a skilled**\nassess refugee access and utilization of key health services. Key findings **attendant**\n\n - **Amongst non-camp**\n\nhighlighted that 51% of household members were female and 17% of the\n\n**refugees 100% delivered**\n\nwomen were pregnant in the last two years, compared to only 15% in\n\n**in a health facility, of**\n\n2017; women had difficulty accessing ANC services. UNFPA reproductive\n\n**which 46% were in a**\n\nhealth needs assessment survey in Zaatari recommended continuation\n\n**private facility**\n\nof community outreach activities with an emphasis on family planning\n\n - **Deliveries in girls under**\n\nprogramming and improving health care seeking behavior to address\n\n**18 years old has**\n\nreproductive health needs and decrease high risk pregnancies and\n\n**increased from 10 % in**\n\nassociated complications.\n\n**2017 to 11.1% in 2018**\n\nMen place a key role in determining women\u2019s access to critical health\nservices, they need to be able to make informed decisions. Men as well as women need to know why\nANC and skilled birth attendance are important, the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth,\nhow to prepare for childbirth and how to recognize signs of complications. Health Sector actors need\nto link with Child Protection (CP) and strengthen interventions to reduce early marriage. UNFPA\nsupported 3 static clinics in villages 3, 5 and 6 at Azraq camp and maternity unit in Zaatari camp; Integrated\nSRH services were provided to Syrian refugees in these clinics to ensure accessibility to comprehensive\nSRH services to targeted population. Pregnant women were screened for anemia and cases detected and\nmanaged through the provision of iron and folic acid supplementation.. While UNFPA, MoH and other\nkey partners have worked extensively to improve the clinical care for sexual assault survivors though\ndevelopment of guidelines, trainings, and distribution of post-rape kits, there is still a need to improve\nquality of service in this field. Notably progress has been made in terms of connecting health facilities\nto other services thanks to the child protection and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)\nstandard operating procedures. Messaging on SGBV is very sensitive and community and provider\nknowledge continues to be limited, however extensive efforts have been implemented at the interagency level to improve knowledge of SGBV response services and access to health services.\n\n\n### Reproductive Health\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n- **100% of deliveries in**\n**Zaatari and Azraq in 2018**\n**attended by a skilled**\n**attendant**\n\n- **Amongst non-camp**\n**refugees 100% delivered**\n**in a health facility, of**\n**which 46% were in a**\n**private facility**\n\n- **Deliveries in girls under**\n**18 years old has**\n**increased from 10 % in**\n**2017 to 11.1% in 2018**\n\n\n\nAccording to the UNHCR survey in non-camp refugees among women and girls aged between 14 and\n49 years, 17 % were pregnant at least once in the past two years while in Jordan, and of those who\nhad delivered in Jordan, 10% delivered in a health facility \u2013 46%of those, in a private facility. A range\nof factors could explain the use of private facilities for deliveries including increased cost,\nadministrative barriers for registered refugees, lack of knowledge of available services, shortage of\nfemale doctors in the public sector and preference for private care. UNFPA with MoH and other\nstakeholders also supports reproductive health services. UNFPA work\u2019s on youth is to ensure that\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cross sectional\nhealth survey", - "confidence": 0.962274432182312, - "start": 138, - "end": 142 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.535726010799408, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9609565734863281, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.777667760848999, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9449993371963501, - "start": 145, - "end": 147 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health needs assessment survey", - "confidence": 0.9757966995239258, - "start": 252, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6808207631111145, - "start": 255, - "end": 256 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.9944103360176086, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9275128245353699, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.899403989315033, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR survey", - "confidence": 0.9711701273918152, - "start": 726, - "end": 728 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8056319952011108, - "start": 727, - "end": 728 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9550143480300903, - "start": 726, - "end": 727 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9529008269309998, - "start": 756, - "end": 757 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp refugees", - "confidence": 0.842817485332489, - "start": 729, - "end": 731 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "comprehensive health awareness and services are provided to accelerate youth\u2019s potential and\ndevelopment to the highest level. UNFPA strategic contribution commitment to youth has five areas;\nEvidence based advocacy, promote comprehensive sexuality education, SRH service delivery, reach\nmarginalized and disadvantage youth, and promote youth leadership and participation.\n\n\n**People with disabilities** and **elderly persons** are under-represented in UNHCR\u2019s registration\ndatabase and more needs to be done to ensure that registration data is disaggregated by age and\ndisability in order to better plan services and ensure equitable access to services for these persons\nwith specific needs. According to the Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment,\n22.9% of Syrian refugees aged 2 years and above have disabilities [7] . People with disabilities often\nexperience specific barriers to accessing health services including physical barriers at health centers,\nlack of understanding of staff regarding their health-concerns, and long distances to health care\ncenters coupled with the high cost of transport.\n**The significant prevalence of disability amongst Syrian refugees in Jordan** can be attributed to a\nvariety of factors. In the Disability Assessment among Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Lebanon 29.9%\nof persons with disabilities reported illness or disease as the primary cause of functional difficulties.\nAmong persons who reported illness/disease, injury and malnutrition as causes of their disabilities,\n24.7% considered the causes were related to the Syrian conflict. Among them, walking was the\nmost common activity with which they faced difficulties, followed by anxiety, depression, fatigue\nand seeing.\nA Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment reported more females (34.6%) than\nmales (24.7%) had disabilities related to illness or disease. Injuries, on the other hand, led to more\nmales having a disability (14.7%) than females (7.1%).\n\n\nThe capacity to address the health needs of the war-wounded still of concern particularly\nrehabilitation (physical and psychosocial). However, there are major gaps remaining, particularly\nrelated to post-operative care, home nursing, medium to longer term rehabilitation (including\nassistive devices) and community-based rehabilitation. More attention must also be paid to the\nongoing care and treatment of common conditions (e.g. pressure sores) experienced by people\nafter complicated trauma (e.g. spinal cord injuries and other neurological trauma) that can quickly\nbecome life-threatening. Better patient education, longer-term rehabilitation, and **home-based**\n**care models** can drastically reduce morbidity and mortality despite the complexity of these\ninjuries [8] .\n\n\n**Mental health** problems remain a significant concern for refugees in Jordan. There were 13,647\nconsultations for mental health disorders in camps in 2018 (30.9% for epilepsy/ seizures, 33.7% for\ndepressive disorder and 14.4% for psychotic disorder). In addition, there were more than 71,423\nconsultations for mental health disorders in urban in 2018.\n\n\nIn general, there is an over-emphasis on stand-alone interventions, focus on trauma and less focus\non delivering comprehensive, integrated services, and on supporting natural coping strategies and\nfamily/community resiliency. Furthermore, the geographic coverage of services needs to be\n\n\n7 Disability Assessment among Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Lebanon (HI, IMMAP, 2018)\n8 Burns and O\u2019Connel. _The challenge of spinal cord injury care in the developing world_ . J Spinal Cord Med _._ 2012 Jan; 35(1): 3\u20138.\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.7106948494911194, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "registration\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.7323477864265442, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9650187492370605, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5741922855377197, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "People with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9269831776618958, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment", - "confidence": 0.9940659999847412, - "start": 117, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7758163213729858, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8692911863327026, - "start": 129, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability Assessment among Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7939362525939941, - "start": 209, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan and Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5123068690299988, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9009571075439453, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment", - "confidence": 0.9796826243400574, - "start": 295, - "end": 301 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability Assessment among Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9135461449623108, - "start": 614, - "end": 619 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IMMAP", - "confidence": 0.6264904141426086, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan and Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9082674384117126, - "start": 620, - "end": 623 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6145839691162109, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8898840546607971, - "start": 617, - "end": 619 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "widened. Integrated MHPSS within other health service provided can lead to a better response and\nless stigma. Support for developmental disorders and the parents of children with developmental\ndisorders is still a need.\n\nThe acute **malnutrition** prevalence among refugees is low with the survey results show a level of\nGlobal Acute Malnutrition (GAM) (WHZ<-2 z-scores and/or edema) for the three survey sites, with\nrespectively 2.7% (95% CI 1.4-5.0), 1.9% (95% CI 0.9-4.2) and 1.8% (95% CI 1.0-3.4) for Za\u2019atri camp,\nAzraq camp and in host communities. [9]\n\n\n\nAnemia in women of reproductive age has improved over last years with minimal deterioration during\nlast 2 years, in Zaatari camp was high at 44.7% in 2014 while ANC data in 2016 showed that only\n12.2% of pregnant women were suffering from Anemia. In last two years, the prevalence of anemia\nin Zaatari increased from 10.55% in 2017 to 12.26% in 2018 while in Azraq increased from 17% in\n2017 to 22.3% in 2018. Anemia in of reproductive age still at concern and there is a need to expand\nanemia prevention and treatment initiatives in all service provision\nplaces and ensure access to other critical micronutrients including\n### continue the provision of food vouchers in both camps and host Information\n\ncommunity and continue the distribution of fortified flour and fortified **\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\nbread in the camps. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices were\n\n**82% refugees aware of**\n\npoor pre-conflict including early weaning, and inappropriate\n\n**subsidized access to public**\n\ncomplementary feeding practices. Despite the low acute malnutrition,\n\n**health services**\n\nlevels will continue screening with Mid-Upper Arm Circumference\n(MUAC) in light of the economic deterioration, food security and **81% refugees know they**\nnutrition status. **Health care provision policy** still unstable; until the end **can be assisted through**\nof November 2014, MoH maintained a policy of free access to primary **UNHCR partner clinics if**\nand secondary care in their facilities for registered Syrians living outside **they can\u2019t access**\n\n**government health services**\n\nof camps. Following a decision made by the Cabinet in November 2014,\nregistered Syrian refugees outside of camps now have to pay the\nuninsured Jordanian rates at MoH facilities. On January 2018, the Cabinet\u2019s issue new decision to\nidentify level of access to public health facilities; the decision states that Syrian refugees have to pay the\n80 % of Unified pricing when they use all types of health services provided by the Ministry of Health. The\nUnified price is the rate that is used for non-Jordanians (foreigners) who live on the Jordan territories and\nis about 2 \u2013 5 times of what non- insured Jordanians (old rate) are paying. Prior to this decision, the\nmajority of registered Syrians were able to receive healthcare services at the non-insured Jordanian rate\nfrom the ministry of health facilities. However, the non-insured Jordanian rate was normally affordable\nfor non-vulnerable individuals this is expected to cause considerable hardship for all refugees.\n\n\n### Information\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n\n\n**82% refugees aware of**\n**subsidized access to public**\n**health services**\n\n**81% refugees know they**\n**can be assisted through**\n**UNHCR partner clinics if**\n**they can\u2019t access**\n**government health services**\n\n\n\nIn the wake of this change, UNHCR and humanitarian partners have expanded services coverages\nand adopted a new policy to mitigate its immediate effects. Services are targeted towards the most\nvulnerable but SGBV, mental health, malnutrition in children, neonatal complications and obstetric\n\n\n9 UNHCR/UNICEF/WFP/MOH/SCJ. Nutrition Survey Findings. November 2016.\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey results", - "confidence": 0.7967243790626526, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6977339386940002, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Za\u2019atri camp", - "confidence": 0.8133967518806458, - "start": 126, - "end": 130 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8339253664016724, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8830094933509827, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ANC data", - "confidence": 0.955930769443512, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.8734061121940613, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.794176459312439, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6127564311027527, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "pregnant women", - "confidence": 0.9383975863456726, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.7418389320373535, - "start": 762, - "end": 764 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7300540208816528, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "P a g e", - "confidence": 0.6365687251091003, - "start": 771, - "end": 775 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8861729502677917, - "start": 767, - "end": 768 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "emergencies will be supported for all. Restriction of movement for women and girls may limit their\naccess to health services, while lack of female providers for reproductive health services, though\nimproved is also a barrier. HAUS 2018 [10] have also shown that refugees have trouble accessing\nhealth services when only 45% of those who need health services actively sought services.\n\nUNHCR has maintained the annual health access and utilization survey (HAUS) implementation that\naim to monitor access and utilization behaviors among Syrian refugees. Monitoring the impact of\nnew health policy was at focus of 2018 version.\n\nThe 2018 HAUS preliminary findings revealed alerting indicators with significant increase in health\ncare cost; the survey showed that 43% of household reduce number of visit to health care provider\nand reduce or stop use of medication as adaption strategy to minimize cost increase impact.\nAdditionally, despite the improvement noticed in full antenatal care (ANC) coverage rate only 17%\nof women at reproductive age tried to obtain contraceptive in 2018 compared to 35% in 2017 while\nthe cost mentioned as the main barrier to access ANC by 78% of surveyed women.\n\n**Secondary and tertiary care** requires a continued high level of funding to ensure access to essential\ncare such as normal and assisted deliveries, caesarean sections, war injuries, congenital\nabnormalities including cardiac abnormalities and renal failure. Costly complex treatments such as\ncertain types of cancer cannot be supported with available resources necessitating difficult choices\nrelating to resource allocation. In particular, access to critical reproductive health services has been\nimpacted by the withdrawal of subsidized services.\n**The MoH** \u2019s critical role in providing refugee health services needs to be recognized and supported.\nFacilities in areas hosting large numbers of refugees are often overburdened. HAUS survey\nrevealed an decrease in percent of Syrians who sought care at MOH facilities in 2018 (14% in first\nfacility and 9% in second facility) compared to 2017 (27% in first facility and 29 in second facility).\nThis manifests in increase health care cost, shortages of medications \u2013 especially those for chronic\ndiseases \u2013 and beds, overworked staff and short consultation times. This increased burden also\nfosters resentment amongst the Jordanian population. National capacity to provide inpatient\nmanagement with focus on most affected areas including maternal, neonatal, critical care and\npediatrics. The health information system in urban settings needs to be integrated nationwide and\nto be able to routinely disaggregate Syrians and Jordanians.\n\nAt community level, coverage of **outreach and Syrian community involvement** in the promotion or\nprovision of health services is insufficient; Amman has one community health volunteer per 2000\nrefugees (target >1 per 1000).Syrian refugee providers remain outside of the mainstream\ncoordination mechanisms. This undermines Syrian access and coverage of key services, community\ncapacity building, self-reliance and the ability to withstand future adversity. There is a need for\ngreater access of refugees to information and enhanced refugee participation and engagement in\nidentification of health and disability related needs, provision of information and linkages with\nhealth and rehabilitation services.\nWhile the focus of the international and donor community in Jordan is on the large numbers of\nSyrian refugees. Refugees of other nationalities also constitute a significant number of persons of\n\n\n10 Health Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2018\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9564854502677917, - "start": 72, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "monitor access and utilization behaviors", - "confidence": 0.6847344040870667, - "start": 85, - "end": 90 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9359166622161865, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HAUS", - "confidence": 0.9975793957710266, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8977665901184082, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9625970721244812, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7243974804878235, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.959151566028595, - "start": 91, - "end": 93 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HAUS survey", - "confidence": 0.9991927742958069, - "start": 328, - "end": 330 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9063267707824707, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6563801169395447, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9861584305763245, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7120387554168701, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health Access and Utilization Survey", - "confidence": 0.9732263684272766, - "start": 605, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7159996628761292, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8244318962097168, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8237889409065247, - "start": 582, - "end": 583 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9802599549293518, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.748566746711731, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "concern. Care needs to be taken to ensure that they are also being provided with enough\ninformation on their rights to access health care and are receiving assistance as appropriate from\nMoH, UN agencies and NGOs.\n\nFinally, the recent change in the policy expected to detach more refugees from public health care\nsystem due to the increased cost. The UNHCR health access and utilization survey showed\nsignificant reduction in number of refugees who are accessing public health facilities as a first\nchoice during 2018 [11] . The health sector has to focus more on community health intervention to\nreattach refugees to the public health care system, particularly in case of old policy return.\n\n**i. Health system performance**\nDemand on the public sector as well as NGO-supported clinics continues to grow. Even though the\nservices are no longer free of charge they are still subsidized. This continues to be a burden on MoH\nfacilities that will require additional support to be sustained.\n\nFrequent shortages of supplies (medicines, family planning commodities and medical equipment)\nexacerbated by the refugee influx have been reported. Furthermore, the pressure on existing\ninfrastructure continues to grow. Bed occupancy in many northern hospitals is continually close to\n100 percent. The worst affected are critical care beds such as intensive care, coronary care and\nneonatal intensive care.\nMoH immunization capacity was strengthened with in-kind support of cold chain equipment,\nvaccines and capacity building support provided by UNICEF, essential supplies supported by WHO\nand equipment/consumables supported by UNHCR.\nMoH with the support of UNFPA provides family planning methods for the affected population in\nJordan.\n\n\n11\nThe seeker of service at MOH facilities reduced from 27% in 2017 to 14% in 2018.\n\n\n10 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9825927019119263, - "start": 64, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8960461020469666, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9495723843574524, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9991136193275452, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9865410923957825, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ii. Target groups and areas**\n\nThere are two main population groups of concern: refugees (Syrians \u2013 over\n671,650 women, girls, boys and men registered with UNHCR; Iraqis \u2013 over\n67,498 women, girls, boys and men registered with UNHCR; Yemenis\nSudanese, Somalis and others \u2013 over 22,940 women, girls, boys and men\nregistered with UNHCR); and affected host community.\nAs of end December 2018, the geographical distribution of Syrian refugees\nper governorate is as follows: over 197,271 in Amman (29.4%), 163,770 in\nMafraq (24.4%, including nearly 78,000 in Zaatari camp); over 140,607 in\nIrbid (20.9%); and over 97,076 in Zarqa (14.4%), including over 40,000 in\nAzraq camp and 6,903 in EJC).\nThe geographic focus on northern governorates is important, but attention\nwill also be given to the acute health sector challenges faced in a number\nof middle and southern zone governorates. [12]\n\n\n### Other Refugees 90,438\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n**67, 498 Iraqis**\n\n\n**14,300 Yemeni**\n\n\n**6,019 Sudanese**\n\n\n**793 Somali**\n\n\n**1,828 other nationalities**\n\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_\n_**December 31st 2018**_\n\n\n\n|No.|Population group|Total Population|\n|---|---|---|\n|1|**Camp refugees**|126,041|\n|2|**Non-camp refugees**|545,609|\n|3|**Other affected population**|600,00013|\n|4|**Refugee children under five**|102,000|\n|5|**Refugee women of reproductive age**|151,000|\n|6|**Adolescents**|121,000|\n|7|**Pregnant women and lactating women**|33,550|\n|8|**Refugees with impairment and disabilities**|54,000|\n\n\n_Table 2 \u2013 Estimated target populations among Syrians based on end of 2018 projections_\n\n\n**iii. Coordination**\nCoordination is an essential part of the humanitarian response, with the aim of avoiding\nunnecessary duplication of service delivery and identifying gaps where services are most needed.\nCoordination platforms at national and field levels have been strengthened with increasing\nutilization of data and survey results to ensure gaps and emerging needs are addressed. In\ntransitioning from humanitarian relief in the Syrian refugee context there is a need to link with the\nbroader development initiatives in-country. This will entail stronger coordination both within and\nbetween the humanitarian and development sectors at all levels; health sector mapping of all\ndevelopment initiatives and the relationship between the humanitarian effort and development\nefforts, and elaboration of longer-term plans to strengthen gaps highlighted by the humanitarian\nsituation.\n\n\n12 Such as Zarqa, Maadaba, Balqa, Maan, Karak and Tafilah\n13 This include Non UNHCR registered Refugees\n\n\n11 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR registration data", - "confidence": 0.9940299987792969, - "start": 271, - "end": 274 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.87850022315979, - "start": 271, - "end": 272 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9288395047187805, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5137277841567993, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5413106083869934, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR registered Refugees\n\n\n11", - "confidence": 0.978266179561615, - "start": 600, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "P a g e.", - "confidence": 0.6068258881568909, - "start": 605, - "end": 610 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5362170934677124, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In early 2014, a Strategic Advisory Group was created to provide technical and strategic support to\nand increase ownership and joint accountability within the Health Sector. Currently, the Health\nSector is comprised of a main working group and two sub-working groups (Nutrition and\nReproductive Health); a third sub-working group, Mental Health and Psycho-Social Support, falls\nunder both the Protection and Health Sectors. In late 2013, a Community Health platform was also\nformed, to harmonize the approach to community health, including developing a Community\nHealth strategy and reaching consensus on the definition and main tasks of Community Health\nVolunteers.\nGender Marker focal points within the sector will assist in ensuring that the differential needs of\nwomen, girls, boys and men at their different age are considered throughout the response.\nTogether with the other actors in the health sector the gender focal points will identify gaps and\nchallenges in gender equality to promote a gender and age-responsive environment and reduce or\neliminate gender-based discrimination in health related programs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1Also reports to the protection sector\n\n\n_**Figure 5**_ _\u2013 Health sector Coordination structure_\n\n\n**iv. Strategic Intersections**\nThe Health Sector liaises with other sectors including Cash, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)\nand SGBV, to ensure consistency in programming and mutual assistance in meeting objectives.\nEmergency cash assistance can be used to meet health sector objectives by supporting transport to\nand from health services or covering some costs not able to be covered elsewhere. There are clear\nlinkages between WASH services, Education, protection and health status. Gender-based violence\nrequires a multi-sectoral response with health services being integral to the detection, prevention\nand response to GBV and increasing attention to mainstream Early Childhood Development (ECD)\nearly detection and early initiation through PHC systems and services.\n\n\n12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Health Sector will take account of the different needs of women, girls, boys and men, recognize\nthe potential barriers they may face in accessing services and ensure that women, girls boys and\nmen can access health services equally. This will be assessed, integrated, monitored and evaluation\nthroughout all stages of the response.\n\n#### **4. Goal**\n\n\nReduce excess morbidity and mortality amongst Syrian refugees through initiatives which\nstrengthen national health systems, build Syrian community capacity and continue to ensure host\ncommunity access to health services.\n\n#### **5. Objectives**\n\n\nTo support the continued provision of essential health services, major needs and priorities have\nbeen identified at community level, primary health care level, secondary and tertiary care and the\nnational health system. In order to achieve the broader health sector goals, the Health Sector will\nframe its response in Jordan according to the following objectives.\n\n**1. Enhance access, uptake and quality of primary health care for Syrian women, girls, boys and**\n**men and Jordanian populations in high impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Management of communicable diseases, including Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)\nservices in place.\nii. Management of common non-communicable diseases strengthened\niii. Comprehensive RMNCAH health services provided to Syrian refugees and affected Jordanian\npopulation\niv. Promotion of healthy life styles and empowerment of young people to make responsible\ndecisions through interactive youth friendly methods and tools.\nv. Increased availability of safe and confidential GBV related medical services\nvi. Appropriate nutrition, better parenting, early child care and development (ECD) and IYCF feeding\npractices promoted\nvii. Improved access to mental health services at the primary health level\n\n**2. Enhance equitable access, uptake and quality of secondary and tertiary health care for Syrian**\n**women, girls, boys and men and Jordanian populations in high impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Referral system for secondary and tertiary care supported\nii. Secondary mental health services provided\niii. Physical rehabilitation (occupational and physical therapy) for persons with injuries and/or\ndisabilities provided\niv. Access to emergency obstetric care provided\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. Improve comprehensive health care through integrated community interventions including**\n**rehabilitation services for Syrian women, girls, boys and men and Jordanian populations in high**\n**impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Community health volunteer teams and referral system in place\nii. Community level nursing for those with injuries and complex or multiple impairments provided\niii. Community management of acute malnutrition programs implemented and monitored\niv. Community level rehabilitation provided\nv. Community level mental health services provided\nvi. Community health volunteers influence behavior change through communication, health\neducation and promotion to raise awareness on preventable diseases.\n\n**4. Contribute to strengthening national health systems to increase adaptive capacity to current**\n**and future stresses.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Access to primary and essential secondary and tertiary health care supported through equipment,\nfinancial support, medication and medical supplies especially essential chronic disease drugs\nii. Strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanism to ensure accountability of partners in\nimplementing interventions.\niii. Capacity building MoH services and staff as well as other national actors developed\n\n**5. Improve and monitor access of non-Syrian refugees to primary, secondary and tertiary health**\n**care services**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Access to primary, secondary and tertiary health care services for Iraqi and other non-Syrian\nrefugees is supported\n\n#### **6. Strategic Approaches**\n\n\nThe overall aims in the 2019/2020 response are to maintain the low mortality rates and address the\nmain causes of morbidity by promoting access to essential services. The response strategy will be\nthroughout the refugee cycle from arrival to durable solutions and will consist of the following:\n\n1. Respond to immediate health needs of new arrivals including those with injuries, NCDs, pregnant\nwomen and other specific needs.\n2. Continue the provision and facilitation of access to comprehensive primary and essential\nsecondary and tertiary health services both in and out of camps and strengthen the community\nhealth approach.\n3. Strengthen the capacity of the national health system in most affected areas to respond to the\ncurrent crisis, withstand future shocks and meet associated needs of the Jordanian population.\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Respond to the health needs of returnees to reduce threats due to the access barriers to the\nhealth services during movement and transition period.\n\nThe response strategy in Zaatari and Azraq camps will be to ensure effective coordination to\naddress gaps, including logistical and human resources support to MoH in order to strengthen their\nlead coordination role. Continued monitoring of refugee health status, coverage and access\nespecially for the most vulnerable; and promoting linkages with national health systems so that\nsupport will go to nearby MoH facilities where possible rather than creating high-level systems\ninside the camps.\nIn response to the withdrawal subsidized access to the health services by the Ministry of Health and\nthe expected reduction in humanitarian resources, health agencies should be developing\nmechanisms to target assistance towards those most in need. Parallel services will need to be\ncontinued for those who cannot access Ministry of Health services at the forigner rate but should\nideally be directed towards the most vulnerable. Health agencies should coordinate to develop\nharmonized systems of vulnerability identification and provision of assistance. Access to health\nservices could also be supported by demand side financing initiatives.\n\nIn relation to SGBV, health care providers play an important role in receiving disclosure from\nsurvivors and provide critical clinical management and referral. This will be strengthened through\ntraining and improved monitoring in coordination with the Protection Sector, SGBV sub-sectors,\nFamily Protection Department, and other relevant national institutions, including through the full\nimplementation of the CP and SGBV standard operating procedures. Critical gaps outside the camps\nwhich are not able to be met by the MoH will be met through further supporting NGO clinics and\nsupport for referrals. Continued support to NGOs to provide essential package for vulnerable\ngroups until the MoH return the subsidized access for all refugees. UNFPA and UNICEF will be\nsupporting MoH to develop a complete Clinical Management of Rape Survivors protocol in line with\ninternationally defined standards. A health information system has been introduced in UNHCRsupported NGO facilities in order to contribute to the available data on Syrians, including data\ndisaggregated by gender and age. Women are by far the dominant users of the case-management\nservices of SGBV. Girls use these services to a limited extent: this is not consistent with data about\nneeds. Men started to use these services in small numbers; and boys rarely use the services. To\nfurther address reproductive health needs for youth, a special emphasis will be set on promoting\nreproductive health services and rights of young people, especially young women and girls,\nreinforcement of youth peer network among the refugee population in the camp and the provision\nof youth-friendly health services. In both camp and non-camp populations two additional\napproaches will be developed. Firstly, a strategy to strengthen refugee participation and\nengagement in provision of information and selected health services (e.g. diarrhea management\nwith oral rehydration solution, behavior change communication, MUAC screening, referral to\nprimary health care centers), by training and supporting male and female community health\nvolunteers, will be developed by agencies working in the Health Sector and resources sought for\nthis. Secondly, vulnerability identification and scoring will be fully utilized with the aim of better\ntargeting and reaching those most vulnerable with essential services and assistance and monitoring\nof assistance against needs. Vulnerability assessments will be shared across partners,\nThe Health Sector will continue, in a coordinated manner, to conduct assessments of needs and\ncapacities (including refugee women, girls, boys and men), coverage and impact (gender\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee health status", - "confidence": 0.8327212333679199, - "start": 65, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.6368017196655273, - "start": 31, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health information system", - "confidence": 0.9597471952438354, - "start": 347, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.7891204953193665, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disaggregated), as well as ensure periodic monitoring and evaluation and the availability of the\nnecessary information to inform strategic planning processes. In particular the observed gender\ndifferences in mental health consultations (more males than females), psychiatric admissions (more\nfemales than males) and injuries (more males than females) will be explored to determine if this\nrepresents a morbidity pattern or differential access.\nFor refugees in non-camp settings the national system will be supported through adequate human\nresources in areas most affected by Syrians, essential medicines, supplies, equipment and critical\ninfrastructural improvements, and performance-based incentives for staff. Specific capacity gaps\nwill be addressed though training and development of work plans with partners, such as inpatient\nmanagement of acute malnutrition, clinical management of SGBV, integration of mental health into\nprimary health care; or through staff secondment or human resources support, such as for chronic\ndisease management and specialized trauma surgery. A network of clinics and other services will be\nsupported to meet the needs of those Syrian refugees unable to access MoH facilities for primary\nand secondary care.\nThe following need to be strengthened: services for children with sensory impairments and\nintellectual disabilities; and infant and young child feeding. Essential secondary and tertiary care,\nincluding emergency obstetrics not covered by MoH, needs significant funding to ensure access\nthroughout 2019. Clinics operated through NGOs will continue to focus on areas not currently\nwidely available in the national health system (such as mental health and SGBV responses) for\nSyrian refugees outside of the camps. Furthermore demand side financing mechanisms such as cash\nto offset the cost of accessing health services will continue in order to facilitate cost-effective access\nto Ministry of Health services.\n\nFinally, with the new development and political reconciliation process and the progress made a\nsmall scale of returnees reported during 2018. The near future of situation still not clear but a larger\nscale of repatriation may encountered during next two years; the health sector will be part of\nrepatriation operations. Measure need to be in place to make sure that basic health and nutrition\nneeds of the returnees are reflected in the three phases of the repatriation operation: prerepatriation, movement, and re-integration.\n\n#### **7. Key Overarching Approaches**\n\n\n**i.** **Use of inter-agency health and reproductive health kits (IAHK, RHK)**\n\n- The use of Inter-agency Health Kits is no longer required and agencies should be using\nprocurement based on consumption and local morbidity patterns.\n\n- RH kits can be used for emergency preparedness and response to critical gaps but only the Clinical\nManagement of Sexual Violence kit is suitable for ongoing needs due to the very specific drugs\nprovided.\n\n**ii.** **Comprehensive Reproductive Health programming**\n\n- As the crisis is in its eighth year the emphasis in reproductive health should be on\ncomprehensive programming.\n\n\n16 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Developing the capacity of health care providers on sexual reproductive health (SRH), SexualGender based Violence (S-GBV), Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) and Clinical Management\nof Rape (CMR) will remain an essential component in preparedness.\n\n- Availability of comprehensive emergency obstetrical services inside the camps needs to be\nsecured\n\n- Family planning programming inside and outside the camps should be scaled up including\nlinkages between general health providers, community health volunteers and different level of\nservices to enhance referral and reduce missed opportunities\n\n- Post abortion care and counselling is important to improve maternal health and reduce\nmaternal morbidity\n\n- Strengthening Reproductive health care providers\u2019 capacity to respond to complicated cases and\nenhancing clinical skills, quality and scope.\n**iii.** **Balance between Health Systems Strengthening and Services Delivery**\n\n- Focus on strengthening of existing national health systems whilst still ensuring services for\nrefugees are maintained or strengthened\n\n- The Syrian crisis can be used to strengthen key components of national responses in key areas\ne.g. GBV response, neonatal care, nutrition, mental health, rehabilitation, NCD management\nand emergency preparedness.\n\n**iv.** **Support equitable and sustainable transition to access health services**\n\n- A country specific essential health package for Syrian refugees will be developed in order to\nestablish a minimum agreed package for Syrians. The essential package will need to include:\n\n- Primary health care; Routine EPI\n\n- Curative health care for main causes of morbidity and mortality\n\n- Preventative health care for main causes of morbidity and mortality\n\n- Comprehensive reproductive health care with emphasis on identified priorities\n\n- Community health with emphasis on identified priorities\n\n- Disability related health services\n\n- Nutrition\n\n- Mental health\n\n- Communication for development in priority areas\n\n- Gender mainstream in all of the above activities by using gender analysis\n\n**v.** **Essential medicines and drug donations**\n\n- Adhere to WHO _\u2019s_ Interagency Guidelines: Guidelines for medicine donations - revised 2010. Third\n[edition, 2011.(http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501989_eng.pdf](http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501989_eng.pdf) )\n\n**vi. Guiding documents**\n\n\ni. Jordan Response Plan 2019\nii. Technical Standards Applicable: UNHCR\u2019s Essential Medicines and Medical Supplies Policy\nand Guidance.\n\n\n17 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "a. [2011. (http://www.unhcr.org/4f707faf9.pdf)](http://www.unhcr.org/4f707faf9.pdf)\nb. [2013. (http://www.unhcr.org/527baab09.pdf](http://www.unhcr.org/527baab09.pdf)\niii. Ensuring Access to Health Care: Operational Guidance on Refugee Protection and Solutions\n[in Urban Areas. 2011. UNHCR (http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e27d8622.html)](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e27d8622.html)\niv. UNHCR\u2019s Principles and Guidance for Referral Health Care for Refugees and Other Persons\n[of Concern. 2009. (http://www.unhcr.org/4b4c4fca9.html)](http://www.unhcr.org/4b4c4fca9.html)\nv. The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian\n[Response. 2018.( https://www.spherestandards.org/handbook-2018/)](https://www.spherestandards.org/handbook-2018/)\nvi. [UNHCR's Health Information System http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646ce0.html](http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646ce0.html)\nvii. Core Commitments for Children in Emergencies, Health, UNICEF.\n[(http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-](http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)\n[%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)](http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)\nviii. [WHO,UNHCR,UNFPA:http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/97](http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/9789241598576/en/)\n[89241598576/en/](http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/9789241598576/en/)\nix. Standard Operating Procedures for Emergency Response to Gender Based Violence and\nChild Protection in Jordan,2015\nx.,2011\nxi. Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations\nxii. Refocusing Family Planning in Refugee Settings: Findings and Recommendations from a\nmulti-Country Baseline Study, November 2011 UNFPA Operational Guidance for\nComprehensive Sexuality Education: A Focus on Human Rights and Gender,2014\nxiii. IPPF, UNFPA, WHO, The Interagency Working Group on SRH and HIV Linkages SRH and HIV\nLinkages Compendium: Indicators and Related Assessment Tools ::\n[http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-](http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-related-assessment-tools#sthash)\n[related-assessment-tools#sthash .wWHqlNY4.dpuf, 2014](http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-related-assessment-tools#sthash)\n\n\n18 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex 1: Health Sector Budgetary Requirements 3RP 2018-2019\n\n|NO|Organization|Budget 2018|Col4|Budget 2019|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**NO**|**Organization**|**Resilience**|**Refugees**|**Resilience**|**Refugees**|\n|**1 **|**Caritas**|**0 **|**3,486,830**|**0 **|**5,389,549**|\n|**2 **|**IOM**|**0 **|**1,500,000**|**1,056,250**|**1,500,000**|\n|**3 **|**UNICEF**|**4,800,000**|**3,500,000**|**3,500,000**|**2,700,000**|\n|**4 **|**QRC**|**0 **|**3,296,301**|**0 **|**2,753,208**|\n|**5 **|**CVT**|**0 **|**3,500,000**|**0 **|**3,200,000**|\n|**6 **|**MEDAIR**|**0 **|**1,416,500**|**0 **|**2,568,490**|\n|**7 **|**JHAS**|**0 **|**1,284,136**|**0 **|**500,000**|\n|**8 **|**NICCOD**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**555,866**|\n|**9 **|**IMC**|**3,200,000**|**2,710,000**|**2,500,000**|**5,000,000**|\n|**10**|**IRC**|**0 **|**5,910,737**|**0 **|**7,902,523**|\n|**11**|**SAMS**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**2,020,500**|\n|**12**|**UNHCR**|**0 **|**31,852,810**|**0 **|**48,000,000**|\n|**13**|**UNFPA**|**4,450,740**|**11,037,000**|**1,880,800**|**9,438,730**|\n|**14**|**IRJ**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**1,053,356**|\n|**15**|**PUI**|**0 **|**384,574**|**0 **|**1,035,000**|\n|**16**|**IOCC**|**0 **|**296,000**|**0 **|**411,000**|\n|**17**|**JPS**|**0 **|**1,359,604**|**0 **|**1,385,000**|\n|**18**|**TDH italy**|**0 **|**578,000**|**0 **|**1,430,000**|\n|**19**|**AMR**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**2,134,755**|\n|**20**|**UPP**|**658,000**|**780,000**|**16,667**|**16,666**|\n|**21**|**IFRC**|**0 **|**891,741**|**0 **|**462,740**|\n|**22**|**WHO**|**2,350,000**|**400,000**|**2,205,000**|**40,000**|\n|**23**|**SCJ**|**0 **|**1,527,000**|**0 **|**1,250,000**|\n|**24**|**HI**|**1,256,438**|**1,140,791**|**0 **|**879,677**|\n|**25**|**MDM**|**175,000**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|\n|**26**|**RHAS**|**117,500**|**0 **|**117,500**|**0 **|\n||**Total**|**17,007,678**|**76,852,024**|**11,276,217**|**101,627,060**|\n\n\n\n19 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b2f3f0-3bef-37f5-9970-6a9485f99d12/68348.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_178/raw/doc_178_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_178/raw/doc_178_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 55738b7f593ec8519b29ae189fc55e8847497989..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_178/raw/doc_178_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,603 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**FINAL REPORT ON THE**\n## **2018 REGISTRATION OPERATION** **FOR RWANDAN REFUGEES**\n\n\n**THE KIVUS, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO**\n\n\nThis operation was jointly conducted in 2018 by the National Commission for Refugees (CNR) and the United Nations High\n\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in North and South Kivu provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo.\n\n\n\n**Sub-Office Goma, North Kivu & Field Unit Bukavu, South Kivu**\n\n_**December 2018**_\n\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\nAt the request of the Government, **UNHCR undertook in 2018 a large-scale verification and biometric**\n**registration exercise of Rwandan refugees in the Eastern provinces of North and South Kivu** . The\ngoal of this exercise was to continue the biometric registration of Rwandan refugees that had been\ninterrupted in 2016 for security reasons in order to **provide a baseline for the implementation of**\n**comprehensive solutions** ahead of the invocation of a Cessation Clause for this group of refugees.\n\n\nThe exercise started in April and lasted until 30 November 2018. Two methods of registration were\ncarried out in parallel, namely a **biometric registration with issuance of refugee certificates** and a\n**verification exercise** allowing for a more flexible and faster count of higher numbers of refugees, also\nhelping to map their presence. During the biometric exercise, letters of attestation were also provided\nfor those refugees already registered in previous exercises whose letters had expired.\n\n\nIn view of the complete data collected throughout the 2018 operation, below are the key figures:\n\n# **76,067 35,416 215,942**\n\n**Registered refugees** **Biometrically registered** **Baseline**\n**2015 \u2013 2018** **refugees in 2018** **(2014 CNR)**\n\n#### **Intentions for global solutions 67.7% born in the DRC**\n# **53% Voluntary Repatriation 48% of children are out of school** **46% Local Integration 21% displaced in the past 12 months**\n\n\nDuring the verification and registration, refugees were asked a number of questions as to their living\nconditions as well as their intention for long-term solutions. Based on their answers, **the main**\n**recommendations as to the way forward towards comprehensive solutions are** :\n\n\n - **Map out the whole range of solutions** **available to refugees in DRC** (not limited to\nrepatriation) with clear calendar of steps to be taken ahead of the invocation of the Cessation\nClause\n\n - **Immediate implementation of some solutions**, starting with **legal/documentation**\n\n - **Integrate Rwandan refugees in inter-agency humanitarian response**, in particular in\nsituations of forced displacement\n\n - **Adopt a community and area-based approach to local integration** with a focus on\nstabilization and development of the areas in the Kivus where Rwandan refugees live\n\n - **A focus on Rwandan refugee youths is needed to better understand their aspirations and**\n**options** ; Lack of access to services and in particular to education is a grave concern\n\n - **Voluntary repatriation to continue** throughout the process until invocation\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration exercise of Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.550666332244873, - "start": 30, - "end": 35 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5622049570083618, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern provinces of North and South Kivu", - "confidence": 0.5118163824081421, - "start": 37, - "end": 44 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6934767365455627, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9176263809204102, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "complete data", - "confidence": 0.659572422504425, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.8473812937736511, - "start": 280, - "end": 281 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5564380884170532, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015 \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.843608021736145, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8204220533370972, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n### Dashboard on biometric registration of Rwandan refugees ................................ 4\n\n#### **Map of biometric registration of Rwandan refugees from 2015 to 2018 ........ 5** **Context, Objectives and Methodology ........................................................... 6** **Key figures on biometric registration ............................................................. 8** **Verification exercise .................................................................................... 11** **Map of Rwandan refugees in the DRC .......................................................... 12** **Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 13**\n### Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 15\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONTEXT**\n\n\nIn 2013, UNHCR and several asylum countries in the region agreed on the development of a\ncomprehensive solutions strategy for Rwandan refugees aiming to lead to the invocation of a ceased\ncircumstances cessation clause as of 31 December 2017.\n\n\nIn 2013/2014, the Congolese Government, through the CNR, conducted a pre-registration exercise of\nall Rwandan refugees on its territory. This paper exercise gave a final result of 260,866 individuals. In\norder to confirm these figures, the CNR, supported by UNHCR, launched a biometric registration\noperation in April 2015. By the end of 2015, biometrics was finalized in the provinces of Katanga,\nManiema, Equateur, Kinshasa and Kasai Oriental.\n\n\nIn North and South Kivu \u2013 the two provinces with the highest number of Rwandan refugees by far the operation was suspended in June 2015 for security reasons. It resumed in December 2015 and\nwas stopped again following an armed attack on one of the registration centers that killed four people\nin April 2016. By that date, a total of **42,186 individuals** had been registered in the DRC.\n\n\nIn 2013/2014, a total of 247,712 individuals were pre-registered specifically in the Kivus, of which\n205,513 in North Kivu and 42,199 in South Kivu. Only 13% of pre-registered Rwandan refugees in North\nKivu (that is 26,516 individuals) and 26% of those pre-registered in South Kivu (that is 10,949\nindividuals) in 2013/2014 had been confirmed with biometrics in 2015/2016, for a total of 37,465\nindividuals.\n\n\nIn a ministerial meeting in September 2017, the DRC declared that it could not invoke the cessation\nclause as of 31 December 2017 as conditions were not met due to the political and security context.\nThe DRC cited in particular the high number of Rwandan refugees remaining on its territory and\nrequested **the resumption and finalization of the biometric registration as an essential step to be**\n**able to move towards comprehensive solutions** .\n\n\nUNHCR therefore supported CNR to resume biometric registration in the Kivus in 2018. In order to\navoid a repetition of the security problems that had marred the previous two attempts, a number of\nmeasures were taken. One was increased dialogue with all stakeholders, including armed groups. The\nother measure was to include a \u201clighter\u201d registration approach, using Kobo tablets, in case the\ntraditional registration approach did not work (biometric registration requires significant amount of\nheavy equipment and may expose the teams to higher risks as it limits their capacity to move quickly).\n\n\n**OBJECTIVES**\n\n\nThe biometric registration of Rwandan refugees had the following objectives:\n\n\n1) **Complete the biometric registration operation started in 2015/16 in North and South**\n\n**Kivu**\n\n\n2) **Confirm intentions for solutions** (voluntary repatriation and local integration)\n\n\n3) **Renew the certificate of all registered refugees whose letter of attestation had expired**\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**METHODOLOGY**\n\n\n**Two methods were used in parallel throughout the operation**, namely a **biometric registration with**\n**issuance of refugee certificates** valid until 31 December 2018, and a **verification exercise** using Kobo\ntablets allowing for a more flexible and faster count of refugees, also helping to map their presence\nmore accurately. It should be noted however that the Kobo verification did not support biometrics.\nThe refugees registered and verified were those who arrived in the DRC between 1994 and 1998, as\nwell as their dependents.\n\n\nBased on lessons learnt from previous years, **communication with refugees and local authorities was**\n**prioritized at the start of the exercise** . Local radios were used to broadcast messages, flyers and\nbanners were printed and distributed. In addition, field missions were carried out by the CNR and\nUNHCR to explain the objectives of the registration and seek the support of local decision-makers.\nMembers of the local communities were recruited to take part in the exercise.\n\n\nA pilot phase was initially conducted with two biometric registration centers set up in the Goma and\nBukavu Transit Centers between 28 February and 15 May 2018. CNR hired 40 monitors and 5\nsupervisors and UNHCR provided training for the Kobo verification to begin in March. This initial\nverification helped to define the locations with the highest number of refugees where to open the\nregistration centers.\n\n\n**Following this pilot phase, three main biometric registration centers were successively opened in**\n**each province** . In addition, extension centers of each main center were subsequently opened in the\nsurrounding areas to respond to the needs. The centers were set up in environments secured by state\nsecurity forces. UNHCR registration and database personnels were present during the exercise in\nNorth and South Kivu **.**\n\n\nThe information provided by the refugees was recorded on the dedicated registration form, then\nencoded and updated in the proGres database, respecting the confidentiality of data of UNHCR\u2019s\npersons of concern. The database manager verified and controlled the data quality.\n\n\n_Registration activities in the_\n_CNR/UNHCR registration center in_\n_Lushebere, North Kivu; October 2018_ .\n\n\n\n\n\n_A female Rwandese refugee and her_\n_child coming for registration at the_\n_center in Lushebere; October 2018_ .\n\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration form", - "confidence": 0.5324452519416809, - "start": 359, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information provided by the refugees", - "confidence": 0.5792183876037598, - "start": 349, - "end": 354 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North and South Kivu", - "confidence": 0.8720111846923828, - "start": 339, - "end": 343 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9095392823219299, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres database", - "confidence": 0.9569972157478333, - "start": 368, - "end": 370 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "database manager", - "confidence": 0.6509422659873962, - "start": 385, - "end": 387 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North and South Kivu", - "confidence": 0.5533919334411621, - "start": 339, - "end": 343 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KEY FIGURES ON BIOMETRIC REGISTRATION**\n\n\nIn view of the complete data collected throughout the 2018 operation, below are the key figures:\n\n**Biometric registration**\n\n - **76,067 REFUGEES as of 31 December 2018 in the DRC**\n\n - **35,416 individuals registered in 2018 in the Kivus**\n\n - **71,372 of the total \u2013 or 94% of the registered population in the DRC live in the Kivus, of**\n**which 57 776 individuals in North Kivu** (that is 76% of the total registered population)\n\n - About 3.5% of refugees were registered in the ex-Katanga, about 2% in Kasa\u00ef Oriental,\n380 individuals in ex-Equateur and 155 individuals in Kinshasa\n\n**Verification (without biometrics)**\n\n - 2014 Baseline: 215,942 Rwandan refugees\n\n - 2018 (Kobo tablets): **82,802 individuals verified**\n\n**Renewal of proofs of refugee status (letters of attestations)**\n\n\n**A total of 46,222 certificates were issued as follows:**\n\n - All newly registered refugees (35,416) received a certificate, that is 77% of the individuals\nreceived in the registration centers\n\n - 10,810 individuals renewed their status from 2015/2016 by biometrics in 2018 in the\nKivus, that is 23% of the individuals received in the registration centers\n\n\n**It should be noted that because current policy limits the validity of the certificates to one**\n**calendar year, all Rwandan refugees in DRC will be undocumented again as of 01/01/2019.**\n\n**Intentions for global solutions**\n\n\n**53% of the individuals** received **,** that is **24,510 individuals**, said they were **in favor of**\n**voluntary repatriation** ;\n\n\n**46% of the individuals** received, that is **21,085 individuals**, **are not in favor of repatriation** .\n631 individuals were indecisive regarding their intentions (that is around 1%);\n\n\n**Several disparities need to be highlighted to further break down return intentions figures**\n**cited above** :\n\n - **North Kivu versus South Kivu: 61% of the individuals received in North Kivu** said they\nwere **in favor of voluntary repatriation and** **38% against;** conversely, **only 10% of those**\n**received in South Kivu** said to be **in favor or voluntary repatriation and 86% against**\n\n - **Verification versus biometric registration:** During the verification exercise (tablets) **only**\n**25% opted in favor of voluntary return and 70% against** (see below the dashboard on the\nverification exercise)\n\n - **Many refugees did not specify when and under which condition they would eventually**\n**repatriate**, with repatriation perhaps more a long-term dream than a practical immediate\nsolution\n\n - Additionally, **it is likely that those refugees who chose to come forward for biometric**\n**registration are more likely to favor voluntary repatriation**, **while those who prefer local**\n**integration tend to avoid registration** as they fear they will be \u201cforced\u201d to return if their\npresence is known\n\n\nDespite the high rate of return-oriented refugees, voluntary repatriation was relatively low in\n2018. The majority of refugees reported the difficulty of resettling in Rwanda given the current\ncost of living and without being paid the return grant within a short timeline in Rwanda during\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BIOMETRIC REGISTRATION", - "confidence": 0.9615458846092224, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.7532926201820374, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9324439764022827, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9162319898605347, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometrics", - "confidence": 0.7772764563560486, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kivus", - "confidence": 0.6731489896774292, - "start": 254, - "end": 255 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015/2016", - "confidence": 0.7214311957359314, - "start": 245, - "end": 248 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9672697186470032, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Intentions for global solutions", - "confidence": 0.7268832325935364, - "start": 314, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.8985655307769775, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018. Moreover, in South Kivu specifically, the majority of refugees also declared that the\ncurrent political regime does not allow them to return to Rwanda.\n\n**Country of birth**\n\n\n**67.7% of the individuals received, that is 31,325 individuals, were born in the DRC** (of which\n99.6% of the children and 29% of the adults). **32.2% of the individuals** **received, that is 14,880**\n**individuals,** **were born in Rwanda** . 21 individuals were born in other countries (that is 0.1%\nof the individuals received). In other words, since nearly seven refugees out of ten were born\nin the DRC, the majority of them are now the second and third generations of the initial\nrefugees who fled Rwanda between 1994 and 1998. **The vast majority of them have therefore**\n**most likely never been in Rwanda, meaning their main family ties and social/economic**\n**interests are established in the DRC and not in Rwanda anymore** .\n\n**Children born to mixed marriages**\n\n\n**Only 742 children were born to couples from mixed marriages; that is around 2% of**\n**registered Rwandan refugees** . **This number is not exhaustive since many refugees did not**\n**wish to declare their cases of mixed marriages** . This appeared to be due to a\nmisunderstanding of the registration awareness messages, which indicated that it only\nconcerned Rwandan refugees from 1994 to 1998. Indeed, despite the CNR and UNHCR raising\nawareness on this aspect after the issue had been identified, many refugees continued to\nbelieve that they would be erased from records by declaring a mixed marriage.\n\n\n**Consequently, only 411 Rwandan refugees married to Congolese citizens were registered;**\nthat is around 1% of registered Rwandan refugees.\n\n**Protection concerns**\n\n\n**Women and children are the main categories of persons at risk. They represent more than**\n**76% of the vulnerable individuals received** . Out of **10,111** vulnerable individuals registered,\namong the main categories, **47% are women at risk, 29% are children with specific needs of**\n**education and/or at risk of not attending school**, 11% are persons with specific needs for\nlegal and/or physical protection, especially in cases of mixed marriages, and 7% are elderly\npersons at risk. Other categories represent minor percentages.\n\n**Forced displacement**\n\n\n**21% of refugees verified in 2018 were forcibly displaced in the last 12 months** . The refugees\nmost affected by this situation are those settled in Masisi territory, North Kivu. **Armed and/**\n**or interethnic conflict is the major cause of displacement**, accounting for 91% of refugees in\nthis category. About 6% reported being forced to move because of land conflicts.\n_NB: this data was gathered through the verification exercise and not the biometric registration._\n_The collection of data could not be sufficiently refined to allow gathering information on_\n_whether refugees were victims of single or multiple displacement(s) in the last 12 months._\n\n**Age and sex breakdown**\n\n\n**Women and children (0-17) represent 79% of the total number of individuals received** ; that\nis 36,553 individuals. **55% of the individuals received are children** ; that is 25,355 individuals.\n99.6% of the registered children were born in the DRC.\n\n|Col1|0-4 years|5-11 years|12-17 years|18-59 years|60+ years|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Females|10.47%|12.34%|5.21%|24.23%|1.47%|**53.72%**|\n|Males|10.30%|11.40%|5.13%|17.69%|1.76%|**46.28%**|\n|Total|**20.77%**|**23.74%**|**10.34%**|**41.92%**|**3.23%**|**100.00%**|\n\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "messages", - "confidence": 0.7673249244689941, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9826550483703613, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "verification exercise", - "confidence": 0.8599578142166138, - "start": 601, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9586029648780823, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.972287654876709, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric registration", - "confidence": 0.9465305209159851, - "start": 606, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.8427623510360718, - "start": 711, - "end": 712 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9534702301025391, - "start": 625, - "end": 626 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age and sex breakdown", - "confidence": 0.6694108247756958, - "start": 645, - "end": 649 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8990186452865601, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Activity/Education**\n\n\n**70% of adults received are mixed seed growers** and only 5% of adults declare to have no\nactivity. In regard to education, out of **14,129 children of school age, 48% are out of school** .\nThis rate is 56% for girls and 44% for boys. The main reasons include lack of interest, lack of\nfinancial resources, distance from schools, insecurity and lack of schools and/ or lack of\nteachers.\n\n\n10 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **82,802 INDIVIDUALS HAVE BEEN VERIFIED**\n\n**53,951 individuals in North Kivu and 28,851 individuals in South Kivu**\n\n\n\n**Verified refugees**\n\n\n**Internal forced displacement**\n\n**in the Kivus (last 12 months)**\n\n\n\n**Intentions for solutions**\n\n\n**Country of birth**\n\n\n11 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nNot all Rwandan refugees in the Kivus willing to be registered by biometrics could be reached within\nthe time available for the operation. This registration operation faced several challenges, including\ndifficult access to the Rwandan refugee populations due to an overall precarious security context,\nintercommunity tensions, control of these populations by armed groups in certain areas and forced\ndisplacements. All these reasons generally lead to a high isolation of these populations. The CNR and\nUNHCR also faced logistical limitations. In addition, it is clear that a number of refugees do not wish\nto be biometrically registered, either because they fear being forcibly repatriated or because they do\nnot wish to be identified as Rwandans because of high ethnic tensions in the Kivus. **As a result, it**\n**should be stressed that the figure of 76,067 cannot be considered as definitive.**\n\n\n**More than two third of Rwandan refugees were born in the DRC and constitute the second or even**\n**third generations of refugees.** They have decreasing ties with Rwanda and their main family, social\nand economic interests are increasingly more established in the DRC, as time passes and the original\ngeneration of refugees from 1994-98 decreases for the newer ones. For the latter, voluntary\nrepatriation may not be the preferred solution anymore, since the majority would go to a country that\nde facto remains mostly unknown to them.\n\n\nIn this context, it is particularly preoccupying to note that almost half (48%) of Rwandan children do\nnot go to school, either because of a lack of financial resources of very poor integration. It is also a\nconcern that 21% of verified refugees told UNHCR that they had been forcibly displaced in the previous\n12 months. **There is a need to approach local integration using an area-based, multi-partner**\n**approach targeting stabilization, peaceful co-existence and economic development** .\n\n\nLack of documentation negatively impacts on chances of local integration. In this respect, the current\npolicy of limiting the validity of certificates to the calendar year is a serious hindrance. In practice, it\nmeans that as of 1 January 2019, all Rwandan refugees in the Kivus will be undocumented **. The**\n**renewal of certificates on a yearly basis is costly and inefficient. There is an urgent need to review**\n**the policy.**\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nBased on all the aforementioned findings, below is a list of recommendations on possible steps to be\ntaken:\n\n\n**Short-term needs**\n\n\n - **Review duration of certificates** to extend to up to five year validity (CNR Kinshasa)\n\n - Rwandan refugees to renew their refugee certificates in 2019, in Goma and Bukavu\n\n - Opening of CNR field units at the territorial level in Masisi and Rutshuru to issue certificates\nat local level\n\n - **Urgently review access to education** for Rwandan refugees with concerned stakeholders\n\n - Advocate with clusters/stabilization actors to **include areas hosting large number of Rwandan**\n**refugees in their projects**\n\n - Continue Voluntary Repatriation operation\n\n\n**Medium-term needs**\n\n\n - **Confirm nationality of those children born of one Congolese parent**\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometrics", - "confidence": 0.7182843089103699, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kivus", - "confidence": 0.9023168683052063, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.947577714920044, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Review legal possibilities as well as protection risks and financial costs of issuing residence**\n**permits for Rwandan refugees wishing to remain in DRC** **after a cessation clause**, with the\nfollowing possible priorities:\n\n**-** Permanent residency to Rwandan refugees legally or customarily married to Congolese\ncitizens for at least a number of years to be defined\n\n**-** Permanent residency/ 5 year temporary residency/ humanitarian visa to highly vulnerable\nrefugees (those identified as persons with specific needs)\n\n**-** Congolese citizenship/ permanent residency/ 5 year temporary residency to all children\nborn in the DRC upon reaching majority age (if they have continuously lived in the DRC\nsince birth)\n\n**-** Permanent residency/ 5 year temporary residency to elderly refugees (60 and above)\n\n**-** Permanent residency/ 5 year temporary residency to adult refugees with skilled worker\nprofiles that are in shortages in the DRC (university and higher technical level)\n\n\n**Longer-term needs**\n\n\n - **Integrate refugee-hosting areas in development plans**, including through World Bank\n\n - **Set date for Cessation Clause and set up exemption procedures operation**\n\n - **Communication campaign** to be launched 18 months before effective date of Cessation\nClause coming into effect\n\n - **Plan for increased voluntary repatriation in 18-12 month period** **before Cessation Clause**\n**comes into effect**\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GLOSSARY - classified by thematic**\n\n\n**Biometric registration operation:**\n**Biometric registration** - Biometrics is the technical term for body measurements and calculations. It refers to\nmetrics related to human characteristics. For this registration operation, the biometrics information gathered\nwas fingerprints and photos, besides biographic data as well.\n\n\n**Refugee certificate** - A refugee identity certificate is a document that refugees use as proof of identity. It is either\nissued by the UNHCR or by the State of asylum. In the present report, it is the document delivered to Rwandan\nrefugees by the Congolese Government through the CNR during the biometric registration. The certificate was\nissued on the day of registration with a validity until the 31/12/2018.\n\n\n**Registered refugee** - This term is used in this report to refer to the refugees who were registered through the\nuse of biometrics technology during the biometric registration operation. Following this registration, any adult\nrefugee was issued a refugee certificate valid until 31/12/2018.\n\n\n**Newly registered refugee** - This term is used in this report to refer to the refugees who biometrically registered\nfor the first time in 2018, as opposed to the refugees who renewed their previous biometric registration\nconducted in 2015 or 2016.\n\n\n**Status renewal** - This term is used in this report to refer to the refugees who renewed their previous biometric\nregistration conducted in 2015 or 2016, as opposed to the refugees who biometrically registered for the first\ntime in 2018. Any adult was issued a new refugee certificate, since the previous one had expired on 31/12/2017.\n\n**Verification exercise:**\n**Verification exercise** - A verification exercise was conducted in parallel to the biometric registration operation.\nData collection on Rwandan refugees who arrived in the DRC between 1994 and 1998 and their dependents was\nconducted, in order to carry out a count to update the current figures and to map the concentration areas of\nthese refugees in the Kivus. UNHCR\u2019s Kobo platform has been used during this verification exercise.\n\n\n**Verified refugee** - This term is used in this report to refer to a refugee whose presence in the DRC was verified\nthrough the verification exercise. No document/certificate was issued to any refugee during this exercise.\n\n\n**KoBoToolbox** - KoBoToolbox is a suite of tools for field data collection for use in challenging environments. The\nsoftware is free and open source. It was used in this verification exercise through tablet computers (small\nportable computers that accepts input directly on to its screen rather than via a keyboard or mouse) Lenovo Tab\n2.\n\n\n**proGres database** - UNHCR\u2019s unified database application. It contains written details of individuals and also their\nphotos.\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s solutions and miscellaneous:**\n**Global solutions** - UNHCR\u2019s term that can be referred to as \u201cdurable solutions, \u201cglobal solutions\u201d or simply\n\u201csolutions\u201d for refugees. They include voluntary repatriation to the country of origin, local integration in the\ncountry of asylum and resettlement to a third country.\n\n\n**Voluntary repatriation** - Voluntary repatriation or voluntary return is usually the return of a refugee, a rejected\nasylum seeker, an illegal immigrant or over-stayer, a displaced person or an unaccompanied minor who is unable\nor unwilling to remain in the host country and who volunteers to return to their country of origin, or that of their\nancestors. Once the reasons for being displaced or having fled have disappeared and it is safe again to live in\nthis country, refugees are free to go back to their country of origin.\n\n\n**Local integration** - Local integration is aiming at providing the refugee with the permanent right to stay in the\ncountry of asylum, including, in some situations, as a naturalized citizen. It follows the formal granting of refugee\nstatus by the country of asylum.\n\n\n**Cessation clause** - The cessation clauses of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees can be\ninvoked in situations where, due to a change of circumstances in their home country, refugees no longer require\ninternational protection and cannot, therefore, refuse to avail themselves of the protection of their country.\n\n\n**Mixed marriage** - A marriage between persons of different racial, ethnic, or religious groups. This term is used\nin this report to refer to a female or male refugee of Rwandan citizenship who married a female or male\nCongolese citizen.\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Verification exercise", - "confidence": 0.5783016085624695, - "start": 316, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.7319052219390869, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7108877301216125, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rwandan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9770018458366394, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres database", - "confidence": 0.9977049231529236, - "start": 509, - "end": 511 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9656401872634888, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5342608690261841, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80aea94a-e40e-3ea4-9b53-56e87d43ad88/68487.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_179/raw/doc_179_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_179/raw/doc_179_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 24228141a31c93d8259a3044a820f90835eee9dc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_179/raw/doc_179_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**RAPPORT FINAL**\n## **OPERATION D\u2019ENREGISTREMENT** **DES REFUGIES RWANDAIS 2018**\n\n\n**KIVUS, REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n\nCette op\u00e9ration a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e conjointement en 2018 par la Commission Nationale pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CNR) et le Haut-Commissariat des\n\nNations Unies pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) dans les provinces du Nord et Sud Kivu, R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo.\n\n\n**Sous-D\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Goma, Nord Kivu & Bureau de Terrain de Bukavu, Sud Kivu** 1 | P a g e\n\n_**D\u00e9cembre 2018**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **RESUME CLE**\n\n\u00c0 la demande du gouvernement, **le HCR a entrepris en 2018 un exercice de v\u00e9rification et**\n**d\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais dans les provinces orientales**\n**du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu** . Le but de cet exercice \u00e9tait de poursuivre l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompu en 2016 pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, afin de **fournir**\n**une base de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions globales** avant l\u2019invocation d'une clause\nde cessation pour ce groupe de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nL\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u00e9buta en avril et se poursuivit jusqu'au 30 novembre 2018. Deux m\u00e9thodes\nd\u2019enregistrement furent men\u00e9es en parall\u00e8le, \u00e0 savoir un **enregistrement biom\u00e9trique avec**\n**d\u00e9livrance d\u2019attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9** et un **exercice de v\u00e9rification** permettant de d\u00e9nombrer plus\nrapidement et de mani\u00e8re plus flexible un plus grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, aidant aussi \u00e0 cartographier\nleur pr\u00e9sence. Au cours de l\u2019exercice biom\u00e9trique, des attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9\nfournies aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 inscrits lors de l\u2019exercice pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent et dont les attestations avaient expir\u00e9es.\n\n\nAu vu des donn\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes collect\u00e9es tout au long de l\u2019op\u00e9ration 2018, voici les chiffres cl\u00e9s :\n\n# **76,067 35,416 215,942**\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s** **R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s** **Cible**\n**2015 \u2013 2018** **par la biom\u00e9trie en 2018** **(CNR en 2014)**\n\n#### **Intentions de solutions globales 67.7% n\u00e9s en RDC**\n# **53% Rapatriement Volontaire 48% des enfants d\u00e9scolaris\u00e9s** **46% Int\u00e9gration Locale 21% d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les 12 derniers mois**\n\n\nAu cours de la v\u00e9rification et de l\u2019enregistrement, plusieurs questions \u00e9taient pos\u00e9es aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur\nleurs conditions de vie et leurs intentions de solutions \u00e0 long terme. Sur la base de leurs r\u00e9ponses, **les**\n**principales recommandations sur la voie \u00e0 suivre vers des solutions globales sont les suivantes** :\n\n\n - **D\u00e9finir toute la gamme des solutions disponibles pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en RDC** (ne se limitant pas\nau rapatriement) avec un calendrier clair des \u00e9tapes \u00e0 suivre avant l'invocation de la clause de\ncessation\n\n\n - **Mise en \u0153uvre imm\u00e9diate de certaines solutions**, \u00e0 commencer par la **documentation l\u00e9gale**\n\n\n - **Int\u00e9grer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais dans la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire inter-agence**, en particulier dans\nles situations de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9\n\n\n - **Adopter une approche communautaire et zonale de l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale** en mettant l\u2019accent\nsur la stabilisation et le d\u00e9veloppement des zones des Kivus o\u00f9 vivent les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais\n\n\n - **Mettre l\u2019accent sur les jeunes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais est n\u00e9cessaire pour mieux comprendre leurs**\n**aspirations et leurs options** ; Le manque d'acc\u00e8s aux services et en particulier \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation est\nune grave pr\u00e9occupation\n\n\n - **Poursuite du rapatriement volontaire** tout au long du processus jusqu'\u00e0 l\u2019invocation\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **SOMMAIRE**\n\n### Tableau de bord de l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais ....... 4\n\n#### **Carte de l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2015 \u00e0 2018 .............. 5** **Contexte, Objectifs et M\u00e9thodologie ............................................................. 6** **Chiffres cl\u00e9s sur l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique .............................................. 8** **Exercice de v\u00e9rification ................................................................................ 11** **Carte des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais en RDC ............................................................. 12** **Conclusions et Recommendations ............................................................... 13**\n### Glossaire ...................................................................................................................... 15\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONTEXTE**\n\n\nEn 2013, le HCR et plusieurs pays d\u2019asile de la r\u00e9gion s\u2019accord\u00e8rent sur l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie\nde solutions globales pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais, dont la mise en \u0153uvre devait aboutir \u00e0 l\u2019invocation\nd\u2019une clause de cessation au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2017.\n\n\nEn 2013/2014, le Gouvernement Congolais, \u00e0 travers la CNR, avait donc conduit un exercice de pr\u00e9enregistrement sur son territoire. Cet exercice sur papier donna un r\u00e9sultat final de 260 866 individus.\nAfin de confirmer ces chiffres, la CNR appuy\u00e9e par le HCR, lan\u00e7a en avril 2015 une op\u00e9ration\nd\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique. Fin 2015, la biom\u00e9trie \u00e9tait finalis\u00e9e dans les provinces du Katanga, du\nManiema, de l\u2019Equateur, de Kinshasa et du Kasa\u00ef Oriental.\n\n\nAu Nord et Sud Kivu - les deux provinces avec de loin le plus grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais l\u2019op\u00e9ration fut suspendue en juin 2015 pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Elle reprit en d\u00e9cembre 2015 et\nfut \u00e0 nouveau arr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite d'une attaque arm\u00e9e contre l'un des centres d'enregistrement qui a tu\u00e9\nquatre personnes en avril 2016. A cette date, un total de **42 186 individus** avait \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9.\n\n\nEn 2013/2014, 247 712 individus au total \u00e9taient pr\u00e9enregistr\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiquement dans les Kivus, dont\n205 513 au Nord-Kivu et 42 199 au Sud-Kivu. Seuls 13% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais pr\u00e9enregistr\u00e9s dans le\nNord-Kivu (soit 26 516 individus) et 26% de ceux pr\u00e9enregistr\u00e9s dans le Sud-Kivu (10 949 individus) en\n2013/2014 avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9s par la biom\u00e9trie en 2015/2016, pour un total de 37 465 individus.\n\n\nDans une r\u00e9union minist\u00e9rielle en septembre 2017, la RDC a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas pouvoir invoquer la clause\nde cessation au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2017 car les conditions n\u2019\u00e9taient pas r\u00e9unies, du fait du contexte\npolitique et s\u00e9curitaire. La RDC cita en particulier le grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais restant sur\nson territoire et demanda **la reprise et la finalisation de l'enregistrement biom\u00e9trique comme une**\n**\u00e9tape essentielle pour pouvoir progresser vers des solutions globales** .\n\n\nLe HCR a par cons\u00e9quent donn\u00e9 son appui \u00e0 la CNR pour la reprise de l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique\ndans les Kivus en 2018. Afin d'\u00e9viter la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui avaient entach\u00e9 les\ndeux tentatives pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, un certain nombre de mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tait un\ndialogue accru avec toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les groupes arm\u00e9s. L\u2019autre mesure\nconsistait \u00e0 inclure une approche d'enregistrement \u00ab plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re \u00bb, utilisant des tablettes Kobo, au cas\no\u00f9 l'approche traditionnelle d'enregistrement ne fonctionnerait pas (l\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique\nn\u00e9cessite une quantit\u00e9 importante d'\u00e9quipement lourd et peut exposer les \u00e9quipes \u00e0 des risques plus\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s car cela limite leur capacit\u00e9 de se d\u00e9placer rapidement).\n\n\n**OBJECTIFS**\n\n\nL\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais poursuivait les objectifs suivants :\n\n\n1) **Compl\u00e9ter l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique d\u00e9but\u00e9e en 2015/16 dans les Nord**\n\n**et Sud Kivu**\n\n\n2) **Confirmer les intentions vis-\u00e0-vis des solutions** (rapatriement volontaire et int\u00e9gration\n\nlocale)\n\n\n3) **Renouveler l\u2019attestation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 de tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s dont l\u2019attestation**\n\n**avait expir\u00e9e**\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**METHODOLOGIE**\n\n\n**Deux m\u00e9thodes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es en parall\u00e8le tout au long de l\u2019op\u00e9ration**, \u00e0 savoir un **enregistrement**\n**biom\u00e9trique avec d\u00e9livrance d\u2019attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9** valables jusqu'au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2018, et un\n**exercice de v\u00e9rification** utilisant des tablettes Kobo permettant un d\u00e9nombrement plus souple et\nrapide des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, contribuant aussi \u00e0 cartographier leur pr\u00e9sence avec plus de pr\u00e9cision. Il convient\ntoutefois de noter que la v\u00e9rification Kobo ne prenait pas en charge la biom\u00e9trie. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nenregistr\u00e9s et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s sont ceux arriv\u00e9s en RDC entre 1994 et 1998, ainsi que leurs personnes \u00e0 charge.\n\n\nSur la base des enseignements tir\u00e9s des ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, **la communication avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et**\n**les autorit\u00e9s locales a \u00e9t\u00e9 prioris\u00e9e au d\u00e9but de l\u2019op\u00e9ration** . Des radios locales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour\ndiffuser des messages et des d\u00e9pliants et banni\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 imprim\u00e9s et distribu\u00e9s. En outre, la CNR\net le HCR ont effectu\u00e9 des missions sur le terrain pour expliquer les objectifs de l'enregistrement et\nsolliciter l'appui des d\u00e9cideurs locaux. Des membres des communaut\u00e9s locales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9s pour\nparticiper \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration.\n\n\nUne phase pilote a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement men\u00e9e avec l\u2019ouverture de deux centres d'enregistrement\nbiom\u00e9trique dans les centres de transit de Goma et de Bukavu, entre le 28 f\u00e9vrier et le 15 mai 2018.\nLe CNR recruta 40 moniteurs et 5 superviseurs. Le HCR dispensa une formation \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification sur\nKobo en mars. Cette v\u00e9rification initiale permit de d\u00e9finir les zones avec le plus grand nombre de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s o\u00f9 ouvrir les centres d\u2019enregistrement.\n\n\n**Apr\u00e8s cette phase pilote, trois principaux centres d\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverts**\n**successivement dans chaque province** . De plus, des extensions de chaque centre principal ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nouvertes par la suite dans les zones environnantes pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins. Les centres ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ninstall\u00e9s dans des lieux s\u00e9curis\u00e9s par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat. Les staffs d'enregistrement et de\nbase de donn\u00e9es du HCR \u00e9taient pr\u00e9sents pendant les op\u00e9rations dans le Nord et le Sud Kivu.\n\n\nLes informations fournies par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e9taient enregistr\u00e9es sur le formulaire d\u2019enregistrement\nd\u00e9di\u00e9, puis cod\u00e9es et mises \u00e0 jour dans la base de donn\u00e9es proGres, dans le respect de la\nconfidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es des personnes relevant du mandat du HCR. Le gestionnaire de base de\ndonn\u00e9es v\u00e9rifiait et contr\u00f4lait la qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es.\n\n\n_Activit\u00e9s d\u2019enregistrement au centre_\n\n_d\u2019enregistrement CNR/HCR de_\n_Lushebere, Nord Kivu; Octobre 2018_ .\n\n\n_Une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e rwandaise et son_\n_enfant venant se faire enregistrer au_\n_centre de Lushebere; Octobre 2018_ .\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR /\nNatalia Micevic\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CHIFFRES CLES SUR L\u2019ENREGISTREMENT BIOMETRIQUE**\n\n\nAu vu des donn\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes collect\u00e9es tout au long de l'op\u00e9ration 2018, voici les chiffres cl\u00e9s :\n\n**Enregistrement biom\u00e9trique**\n\n - **76 067 REFUGIES au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2018 en RDC**\n\n - **35 416 individus enregistr\u00e9s en 2018 dans les Kivus**\n\n - **71 372 du total \u2013 soit 94% de la population enregistr\u00e9e en RDC vit dans les Kivus, dont**\n**57 776 au Nord-Kivu** (soit 76% de la population totale enregistr\u00e9e)\n\n - Environ 3,5% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans l\u2019ex-Katanga, environ 2% dans le Kasa\u00efOriental, 380 personnes dans l\u2019ex-\u00c9quateur et 155 personnes \u00e0 Kinshasa\n\n**V\u00e9rification (sans la biom\u00e9trie)**\n\n - Base de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de 2014: 215 942 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais\n\n - 2018 (tablettes Kobo): **82 802 individus v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s**\n\n**Renouvellement des preuves du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 (attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9)**\n\n\n**Un total de 46 222 attestations a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9 comme suit :**\n\n - Tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement enregistr\u00e9s (35 416) ont re\u00e7u une attestation, soit 77% des\npersonnes re\u00e7ues dans les centres d'enregistrement\n\n - 10 810 individus ont renouvel\u00e9 leur statut de 2015/2016 par la biom\u00e9trie dans les Kivus\nen 2018, soit 23% des individus re\u00e7us dans les centres d'enregistrement\n\n\n**Il convient de noter que, du fait de la pratique en vigueur limitant la validit\u00e9 des attestations**\n**\u00e0 une ann\u00e9e civile, tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais en RDC seront de nouveau sans titres de s\u00e9jour**\n**valides \u00e0 compter du 01** **[er]** **janvier 2019.**\n\n**Intentions de solutions globales**\n\n\n**53% des individus** re\u00e7us, soit **24 510 individus**, se sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9es **favorables au rapatriement**\n**volontaire** ;\n\n\n**46% des individus** re\u00e7us, soit **21 085 individus, ne sont pas en faveur du rapatriement** . 631\nindividus \u00e9taient ind\u00e9cis quant \u00e0 leurs intentions (soit environ 1%) ;\n\n\n**Plusieurs disparit\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre soulign\u00e9es pour d\u00e9composer davantage les donn\u00e9es**\n**d\u2019intentions de retour mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus :**\n\n - **Nord-Kivu versus Sud-Kivu : 61% des individus re\u00e7us au Nord-Kivu se sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s**\n**favorables au rapatriement volontaire et 38% contre** ; \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, **seuls 10% de ceux re\u00e7us**\n**au Sud-Kivu se disent favorables au rapatriement volontaire et 86% contre**\n\n - **V\u00e9rification versus enregistrement biom\u00e9trique** : au cours de l\u2019exercice de v\u00e9rification\n(tablettes), **seuls 25% ont opt\u00e9 en faveur du retour volontaire et 70% contre** (voir cidessous le tableau de bord de l'exercice de v\u00e9rification)\n\n - **De nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n'ont pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 quand et dans quelles conditions ils se**\n**rapatrieraient finalement**, avec le rapatriement pouvant davantage \u00eatre un r\u00eave \u00e0 long\nterme qu'une solution pratique imm\u00e9diate\n\n - De plus, **il est probable que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont choisi de se faire enregistrer par la**\n**biom\u00e9trie sont plus susceptibles de favoriser le rapatriement volontaire, tandis que**\n**ceux qui pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent l'int\u00e9gration locale ont tendance \u00e0 \u00e9viter l'enregistrement**, craignant\nd'\u00eatre \u00ab forc\u00e9s \u00bb de rentrer si leur pr\u00e9sence est connue\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit du taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s orient\u00e9s vers le retour, le rapatriement volontaire \u00e9tait\nrelativement faible en 2018. La majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont rapport\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 de se r\u00e9installer\nau Rwanda en raison du co\u00fbt de la vie actuel et sans recevoir la prime de retour dans des\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u00e9lais acceptables en 2018. En outre, dans le Sud-Kivu sp\u00e9cifiquement, la majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\na aussi d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le r\u00e9gime politique actuel ne leur permettait pas de retourner au Rwanda.\n\n**Pays de naissance**\n\n\n**67,7% des individus re\u00e7us, soit 31 325 individus, sont n\u00e9es en RDC** (dont 99,6% des enfants\net 29% des adultes). **32,2% des individus re\u00e7us, soit 14 880 individus, sont n\u00e9s au Rwanda** .\n21 individus sont n\u00e9s dans d'autres pays (soit 0,1% des individus re\u00e7us). En d\u2019autres termes,\npuisque pr\u00e8s de sept r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur dix sont n\u00e9s en RDC, la majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux est maintenant\nla deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s initiaux qui ont fui le Rwanda entre 1994 et\n1998. **La grande majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux n\u2019a donc tr\u00e8s probablement jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 au Rwanda, ce**\n**qui signifie que leurs principaux liens familiaux et leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats socio-\u00e9conomiques sont**\n**aujourd\u2019hui surtout \u00e9tablis en RDC et non plus au Rwanda** .\n\n**Enfants n\u00e9s de couples mixtes**\n\n\n**Seuls 742 enfants sont n\u00e9s de couples issus de mariages mixtes; soit environ 2% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n**rwandais enregistr\u00e9s. Ce nombre n'est pas exhaustif car de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n'ont pas**\n**souhait\u00e9 d\u00e9clarer leurs cas de mariages mixtes** . Cela semble \u00eatre d\u00fb \u00e0 une incompr\u00e9hension\ndes messages de sensibilisation \u00e0 l'enregistrement, indiquant qu\u2019il ne concernait que les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais de 1994 \u00e0 1998. En effet, bien que la CNR et le HCR aient renforc\u00e9 la\nsensibilisation sur cet aspect apr\u00e8s l'identification de ce probl\u00e8me, de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont\ncontinu\u00e9 de croire qu'ils seraient effac\u00e9s des registres en d\u00e9clarant un mariage mixte.\n\n\n**En cons\u00e9quence, seuls 411 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais mari\u00e9s \u00e0 des citoyens congolais ont \u00e9t\u00e9**\n**enregistr\u00e9s** ; soit environ 1% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n**Probl\u00e8mes de protection**\n\n\n**Les femmes et les enfants sont les principales cat\u00e9gories de personnes \u00e0 risque. Ils**\n**repr\u00e9sentent plus de 76% des individus vuln\u00e9rables re\u00e7us** . Sur les **10 111** individus\nvuln\u00e9rables enregistr\u00e9es, parmi les principales cat\u00e9gories, **47% sont des femmes \u00e0 risque,**\n**29% sont des enfants ayant des besoins \u00e9ducatifs sp\u00e9cifiques et/ou risquant de ne pas aller**\n**\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole**, 11% sont des personnes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de protection l\u00e9gale et/ou\nphysique, en particulier dans les cas de mariages mixtes, et 7% sont des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00e0\nrisque. Les autres cat\u00e9gories repr\u00e9sentent des pourcentages infimes.\n\n**D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9**\n\n\n**21% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s en 2018 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force au cours des 12 derniers mois** .\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s les plus touch\u00e9s par cette situation sont ceux install\u00e9s dans le territoire de Masisi,\nau Nord-Kivu. **Les conflits arm\u00e9s et/ou interethniques sont la principale cause de**\n**d\u00e9placement**, repr\u00e9sentant 91% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans cette cat\u00e9gorie. Environ 6% ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9\navoir \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9s de d\u00e9m\u00e9nager \u00e0 cause de conflits fonciers.\n_NB: ces donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies lors de l'exercice de v\u00e9rification et non de l'enregistrement_\n_biom\u00e9trique. La collecte de donn\u00e9es n'a pas pu \u00eatre suffisamment affin\u00e9e pour permettre de_\n_recueillir des informations permettant de savoir si les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d'un seul ou de_\n_plusieurs d\u00e9placements au cours des 12 derniers mois._\n\n**Analyse par \u00e2ge et sexe**\n\n\n**Les femmes et les enfants (0-17 ans) repr\u00e9sentent 79% du nombre total d\u2019individus re\u00e7us** ;\nsoit 36 553 personnes. **55% des individus re\u00e7us sont des enfants** ; soit 25 355 individus. 99,6%\ndes enfants enregistr\u00e9s sont n\u00e9s en RDC.\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|0-4 ans|5-11 ans|12-17 ans|18-59 ans|60+ ans|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Femmes|10,47%|12,34%|5,21%|24,23%|1,47%|**53,72%**|\n|Hommes|10,30%|11,40%|5,13%|17,69%|1,76%|**46,28%**|\n|Total|**20,77%**|**23,74%**|**10,34%**|**41,92%**|**3,23%**|**100%**|\n\n\n**Activit\u00e9/Education**\n\n\n**70% des adultes re\u00e7us sont des petits agriculteurs** et seulement 5% des adultes d\u00e9clarent\nn'avoir aucune activit\u00e9. En ce qui concerne l\u2019\u00e9ducation, sur **14 129 enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire, 48%**\n**ne sont pas scolaris\u00e9s** . Ce taux est de 56% pour les filles et 44% pour les gar\u00e7ons. Les raisons\nprincipales sont le manque d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat, le manque de ressources financi\u00e8res, l\u2019\u00e9loignement des\n\u00e9coles, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le manque d\u2019\u00e9coles et/ou de professeurs.\n\n\n10 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **82802 INDIVIDUS ONT ETE VERIFIES**\n\n**53 951 individus dans le Nord Kivu et 28 851 individus dans le Sud Kivu**\n\n\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s**\n\n\n**D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 interne**\n**dans les Kivus (12 derniers mois)**\n\n\n\n**Intentions de solutions**\n\n\n**Pays de naissance**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nTous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais dans les Kivus souhaitant \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9s par la biom\u00e9trie n'ont pu \u00eatre\ncontact\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9lais impartis pour l'op\u00e9ration. Cette op\u00e9ration d'enregistrement s'est heurt\u00e9e \u00e0\nplusieurs d\u00e9fis, notamment un acc\u00e8s difficile aux populations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais en raison d'un\ncontexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pr\u00e9caire, de tensions intercommunautaires, du contr\u00f4le de ces\npopulations par des groupes arm\u00e9s dans certaines zones et des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s. Toutes ces\nraisons conduisent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 un isolement \u00e9lev\u00e9 de ces populations. La CNR et le HCR ont\n\u00e9galement fait face \u00e0 des limitations logistiques. En outre, il est clair qu'un certain nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nne souhaitent pas \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9s par la biom\u00e9trie, soit parce qu'ils craignent d'\u00eatre rapatri\u00e9s de force,\nsoit parce qu'ils ne souhaitent pas \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s comme Rwandais en raison des fortes tensions\nethniques dans les Kivus. **En cons\u00e9quence, il convient de souligner que le chiffre de 76 067 ne peut**\n**pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme d\u00e9finitif.**\n\n\n**Plus des deux tiers des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais sont n\u00e9s en RDC et constituent aujourd\u2019hui la deuxi\u00e8me**\n**voire la troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** . Ils ont de moins en moins de liens avec le Rwanda et leurs\nprincipaux int\u00e9r\u00eats familiaux, sociaux et \u00e9conomiques sont de plus en plus \u00e9tablis en RDC, \u00e0 mesure\nque le temps passe et que la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration initiale de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 1994 \u00e0 1998 diminue face aux plus\nr\u00e9cents. Pour ces derniers, le rapatriement volontaire n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre plus la solution privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e, car\nla majorit\u00e9 irait dans un pays qui reste de facto essentiellement inconnu pour eux.\n\n\nDans ce contexte, il est particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupant de noter que pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 (48%) des enfants\nrwandais ne vont pas \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole, en raison d'un manque de ressources financi\u00e8res ou d'une int\u00e9gration\ntr\u00e8s faible. Il est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9occupant que 21% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s aient d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au HCR qu'ils\navaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force au cours des 12 derniers mois. **Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019aborder l\u2019int\u00e9gration**\n**locale \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une approche zonale, multipartenaires, qui vise la stabilisation, la coexistence**\n**pacifique et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique** .\n\n\nLe manque de documentation a un impact n\u00e9gatif sur les chances d'int\u00e9gration locale. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, la\npratique actuelle de limitation de la validit\u00e9 des attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e civile constitue un\ns\u00e9rieux obstacle. En pratique, cela signifie qu'\u00e0 partir du 1 [er] janvier 2019, tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais\ndans les Kivus seront sans titres de s\u00e9jour valides. **Le renouvellement annuel des attestations est**\n**co\u00fbteux et inefficace** . **Il est urgent de revoir cette politique** .\n\n\n**RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\nSur la base de toutes les conclusions ci-dessus, est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e ci-dessous une liste de recommandations\nsur les possibles mesures \u00e0 prendre :\n\n\n**Besoins \u00e0 court-terme**\n\n\n - **R\u00e9viser la dur\u00e9e des attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9** pour les \u00e9tendre \u00e0 une validit\u00e9 maximale de cinq\nans (CNR Kinshasa)\n\n - Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais devraient renouveler leurs attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en 2019, \u00e0 Goma et\n\u00e0 Bukavu\n\n - Ouvertures de bureaux de terrain de la CNR au niveau territorial dans le Masisi et le Rutshuru\npour la d\u00e9livrance d\u2019attestations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au niveau local\n\n - **Examiner d'urgence l\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation** avec les acteurs concern\u00e9s\n\n - Plaider aupr\u00e8s des clusters / acteurs de stabilisation pour **inclure dans leurs projets les zones**\n**accueillant un grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais**\n\n - Poursuivre l\u2019op\u00e9ration de rapatriement volontaire\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Besoins \u00e0 moyen-terme**\n\n\n - **Reconna\u00eetre la nationalit\u00e9 des enfants n\u00e9s d\u2019un parent congolais**\n\n - **Examiner les possibilit\u00e9s juridiques ainsi que les risques de protection et les co\u00fbts financiers**\n**li\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9livrance de permis de s\u00e9jour aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais souhaitant rester en RDC apr\u00e8s**\n**une clause de cessation**, avec les possibles priorit\u00e9s suivantes :\n\n**-** R\u00e9sidence permanente pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais mari\u00e9s l\u00e9galement ou de mani\u00e8re\ncoutumi\u00e8re \u00e0 des citoyens congolais depuis un certain nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9finir\n\n**-** R\u00e9sidence permanente / r\u00e9sidence temporaire de 5 ans / visa humanitaire pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables (personnes identifi\u00e9es comme ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques)\n\n**-** Citoyennet\u00e9 congolaise / r\u00e9sidence permanente / r\u00e9sidence temporaire de 5 ans pour\ntous les enfants n\u00e9s en RDC \u00e0 l\u2019atteinte de la majorit\u00e9 (s\u2019ils ont toujours habit\u00e9 en RDC\ndepuis leur naissance)\n\n**-** R\u00e9sidence permanente / r\u00e9sidence temporaire de 5 ans pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e2g\u00e9s (60 ans et\nplus)\n\n**-** R\u00e9sidence permanente / r\u00e9sidence temporaire de 5 ans pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s adultes avec des\nprofils de travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s en p\u00e9nurie en RDC (universit\u00e9 et niveau technique\nsup\u00e9rieur)\n\n\n**Besoins \u00e0 long-terme**\n\n\n - **Int\u00e9grer les zones d\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les plans de d\u00e9veloppement**, y compris par\nl'interm\u00e9diaire de la Banque Mondiale\n\n - **Fixer une date pour la clause de cessation et mettre en place le fonctionnement des**\n**proc\u00e9dures d'exemption**\n\n - Lancer une **campagne de communication** 18 mois avant l'entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la clause de\ncessation\n\n - **Planifier pour l\u2019augmentation du rapatriement volontaire dans les 18 \u00e0 12 mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant**\n**l'entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la clause de cessation**\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GLOSSAIRE \u2013 classifi\u00e9 par th\u00e9matique**\n\n\n**Op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique :**\n**Enregistrement biom\u00e9trique** - La biom\u00e9trie est le terme technique utilis\u00e9 pour les mesures corporelles et les calculs.\nIl fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux indicateurs li\u00e9s aux caract\u00e9ristiques humaines. Pour cette op\u00e9ration d'enregistrement, les\ninformations biom\u00e9triques recueillies \u00e9taient les empreintes digitales et photos, ainsi que des donn\u00e9es biographiques.\n\n\n**Attestation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9** - Une attestation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est un document que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s utilisent comme preuve\nd'identit\u00e9. Il est d\u00e9livr\u00e9 soit par le HCR ou par l\u2019Etat d\u2019asile. Dans le pr\u00e9sent rapport, il s'agit du document remis aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais par le gouvernement congolais via la CNR lors de l'enregistrement biom\u00e9trique. L\u2019attestation a \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9livr\u00e9e le jour de l'enregistrement avec une validit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au 31/12/2018.\n\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9** - Ce terme est utilis\u00e9 dans le pr\u00e9sent rapport pour d\u00e9signer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nl\u2019utilisation de la technologie biom\u00e9trique au cours de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement biom\u00e9trique. \u00c0 la suite de cet\nenregistrement, tout r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 adulte s\u2019est vu d\u00e9livrer une attestation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 valable jusqu\u2019au 31/12/2018.\n\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 nouvellement enregistr\u00e9** - Ce terme est utilis\u00e9 dans le pr\u00e9sent rapport pour d\u00e9signer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s par la biom\u00e9trie pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2018, par opposition aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont renouvel\u00e9 leur\nenregistrement biom\u00e9trique pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent effectu\u00e9 en 2015 ou 2016.\n\n\n**Renouvellement de statut** - Ce terme est utilis\u00e9 dans le pr\u00e9sent rapport pour d\u00e9signer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont renouvel\u00e9\nleur enregistrement biom\u00e9trique pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent effectu\u00e9 en 2015 ou 2016, par opposition aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont effectu\u00e9\nun enregistrement biom\u00e9trique pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2018. Tout adulte a re\u00e7u une nouvelle attestation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9,\nla pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente ayant expir\u00e9e le 31/12/2017.\n\n**Exercice de v\u00e9rification :**\n**Exercice de v\u00e9rification** - Un exercice de v\u00e9rification a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l'op\u00e9ration d'enregistrement\nbiom\u00e9trique. Une collecte de donn\u00e9es sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais arriv\u00e9s en RDC entre 1994 et 1998 et les personnes \u00e0\nleur charge a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e afin de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un d\u00e9compte pour mettre \u00e0 jour les chiffres actuels et pour\ncartographier les zones de concentration de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les Kivus. La plate-forme Kobo du HCR a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e lors\nde cet exercice de v\u00e9rification.\n\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9** - Ce terme est utilis\u00e9 dans ce rapport pour d\u00e9signer un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 dont la pr\u00e9sence en RDC a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e\nvia l'exercice de v\u00e9rification. Aucun document/attestation n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 durant cet exercice.\n\n\n**KoBoToolbox** - KoBoToolbox est une suite d'outils pour la collecte de donn\u00e9es sur le terrain, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s\ndans des environnements difficiles. Le logiciel est gratuit et open source. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 dans cet exercice de v\u00e9rification\nsur des tablettes (petits ordinateurs portables acceptant les entr\u00e9es directement sur son \u00e9cran plut\u00f4t que sur un\nclavier ou une souris) Lenovo Tab 2.\n\n\n**Base de donn\u00e9es proGres** - Application de base de donn\u00e9es unifi\u00e9e du HCR. Elle contient des d\u00e9tails \u00e9crits sur des\nindividus, ainsi que leurs photos.\n\n\n**Solutions du HCR et divers :**\n**Solutions globales** - Terme du HCR qui peut \u00eatre appel\u00e9 \u00ab solutions durables \u00bb, \u00ab solutions globales \u00bb ou simplement\n\u00ab solutions \u00bb pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ils comprennent le rapatriement volontaire dans le pays d\u2019origine, l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale\ndans le pays d\u2019asile et la r\u00e9installation dans un pays tiers.\n\n\n**Rapatriement volontaire** - Le rapatriement volontaire ou retour volontaire correspond g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au retour d\u2019un\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9, d\u2019un demandeur d\u2019asile d\u00e9bout\u00e9, d\u2019un immigrant clandestin ou d\u2019un sans-papier, d\u2019une personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e\nou d\u2019un mineur non-accompagn\u00e9 qui ne peut pas ou ne veut pas rester dans le pays d'accueil et qui se porte volontaire\npour retourner dans son pays d'origine ou celui de ses anc\u00eatres. Une fois que les raisons du d\u00e9placement ou de la fuite\nont disparu et qu\u2019il est \u00e0 nouveau s\u00fbr de vivre dans ce pays, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont libres de retourner dans leur pays\nd'origine.\n\n\n**Int\u00e9gration locale** - L\u2019int\u00e9gration locale vise \u00e0 donner au r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 le droit permanent de rester dans le pays d\u2019asile, y\ncompris, dans certaines situations, en tant que citoyen naturalis\u00e9. Elle fait suite \u00e0 l\u2019octroi officiel du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\npar le pays d'asile.\n\n\n**Clause de cessation** - Les clauses de cessation de la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre\ninvoqu\u00e9es dans des situations o\u00f9, en raison de changements de circonstances dans leur pays d\u2019origine, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nn\u2019ont plus besoin de protection internationale et ne peuvent donc refuser de se pr\u00e9valoir de la protection de leur pays.\n\n\n**Mariage Mixte** - Mariage entre personnes de groupes ethniques ou religieux diff\u00e9rents. Ce terme est utilis\u00e9 dans\nle pr\u00e9sent rapport pour d\u00e9signer un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 de nationalit\u00e9 rwandaise, de tout sexe, qui a \u00e9pous\u00e9 un citoyen\ncongolais, de tout sexe.\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ec4bb2a-c461-310b-91bd-dab9d1e0281a/68488.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_18/raw/doc_18_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_18/raw/doc_18_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 04f6cb96e5c8cbb4e2709619f73f18eaf4a744fe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_18/raw/doc_18_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 127**\n\n# **Land conflicts and their impact on refugee women\u2019s** **livelihoods in southwestern Uganda**\n\n**Kalyango Ronald Sebba**\n\nDepartment of Women and Gender Studies\nMakerere University\nUganda\n\nE-mail kalyango@infocom.co.ug\n\nJuly 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqep00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper presents the preliminary findings of a study on land conflicts between\nrefugees and host communities in southwestern Uganda and their impact on refugee\nwomen\u2019s livelihoods. Uganda has a long history of hosting refugees that dates back to\nthe 1940s, when it hosted Polish refugees; Rwandese and Sudanese in the 1950s\n(Holborn 1975:1213-1225). Refugees were placed in gazetted areas in close proximity\nto the local populations such as in the settlements of Nakivale, Oruchinga, Kyaka 1\nand II in Southwestern Uganda; Rhino Camp, Imvepi and Ikafe in the West Nile\nregion; Achol Pii, Parolinya and Adjumani settlements in Northern Uganda; and\nKiryandongo and Kyangwali settlements in Central Uganda.\n\n\nOn the whole, placement in rural settlements was based on an assumption that the\nrefugee problem was temporal and would end as soon as the circumstances that led to\ntheir flight had ceased (Pincwya, 1998:8-25). However, this has not been the case and\nthe government was not prepared for a protracted refugee situation exacerbated by an\nincrease in the population of both refugees and nationals.\n\n\nLand conflicts between refugees and nationals are a result of government policy of\nsettling refugees in gazetted areas (Kalyango & Kirk, 2002). Placement in rural\nsettlements is based on the assumption that majority of refugees are of a rural\nbackground and can support themselves through agriculture until their repatriation\n(Kibreab, 1989; UNHCR, 2000, Jacobsen, 2001). Host populations first welcomed\nrefugees as those in need of protection and also as would-be beneficiaries of\ninfrastructure to be left behind on their repatriation (Harrell-Bond, 1986; 2002).\n\n\nHowever, as the refugee situation became protracted, hospitality gave way to a\ncompetition for resources such as agricultural and grazing land, water and forest\nresources (Pirouet, 1988; Bagenda et al, 2002; Jones, 2002). This has not been helped\nby persistent refugee flows from Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo,\nKenya, Somalia, Burundi and Ethiopia resulting in increased xenophobia against\nrefugees and a call for them to repatriate.\n\n\nLand is central to the sustainable livelihoods of rural households. For them it is not\njust land per se but arable and grazing land on which they depend for their livelihood.\nAs a result, any conflict over land impacts the households directly, and this impact is\ngender differentiated (Verma, 2001:3-4). The impact of land conflicts on refugee\nwomen\u2019s livelihoods has to be situated in the larger context of land problems in Sub\nSaharan Africa.\n\n\nThese include but are not limited to growing land concentration and scarcity;\ncompetition over land use and environmental and land degradation. Other problems\ninclude corruption in land markets, indeterminate boundaries of customarily held\nlands, a weak land administration system, and a lack of equity in land systems\n(Tshikaka, 2004). Women\u2019s interests in land were eroded by colonial policies and\nagrarian change that never addressed the core issues of gendered accessibility and\nequity. For instance, processes of differentiation and individualisation of land rights\nand land shortages have resulted in the concentration of land rights in men (Tshikaka,\n2004; Verma, 2001).\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Research focus and aims**\n\n\nGender inequalities persist in refugee situations and limit the extent to which women\nand girls can attain sustainable livelihoods. According to the World Bank (2003),\ngender inequalities tend to lower productivity and intensify unequal distribution of\nresources. They also contribute to non-monetary aspects of poverty, such as lack of\nsecurity, opportunity and empowerment, which lower the quality of life for both men\nand women (Ibid.; Tinker 1990). Whereas refugee women and girls face the brunt of\nthese factors, protection and assistance has largely focused on men. This resonates\nthrough almost all refugee policies and practices, which focus on men as household\nheads (Kalyango, forthcoming).\n\n\nRefugee women have complained against the status quo because it discriminates them\nin asylum claims, acquisition of identity documents and food ration cards, limits their\nfreedom of movement and makes them dependent on men (UNHCR 2001). Despite\nseveral attempts to address this anomaly, such as in the Convention for the\nElimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and in the\nUNHCR guidelines for refugee women and for Sex and Gender Based Violence, wide\ngender disparities between women and men in refugee situations remain common\n(UNHCR, 2000; 2003; UNIFEM, 2003; ).\n\n\nThe overall objective of the study was to establish the gendered impact of land\nconflicts on livelihoods of refugee women. Specifically, the paper takes a special\nfocus on the gender dimensions of the land conflicts and their impact on household\nlivelihoods. Gender is construed to refer to the socially constructed differences\nbetween men and women. Differences are embedded in social relations and therefore\ndiffer between cultures; they are constituted through and also help to constitute the\nexercise of other forms of social difference such as those of age, race or class (Kabeer,\n1994).\n\n\nIn identifying the gender impacts of the land conflicts, analysis was based on the\nconcepts of identity and agency. Identity concerns the social process whereby\nindividuals come to identify themselves with a particular configuration of social roles\nand relationships and agency describes the strategies used by individuals to create a\nviable and satisfying life for themselves in the context of or in spite of these identities\n(El Bushra, 2000). These concepts, as El-Bushra (Ibid.) noted, enable an\nunderstanding of the nature of violent conflicts and also an interrogation of the\nmotivations of different actors in a conflict.\n\n\n**Area of study**\n\n\nThe study was carried out in southwestern Uganda, Nakivale refugee settlement\nestablished in the early 1960s to cater for Rwandese refugees fleeing a bitter\nTutsi/Hutu ethnic conflict in 1959. It spreads over 21,756 hectares and is located in a\nsemi arid zone with limited arable land. The main economic activity is animal rearing\nand agriculture by both refugees and host populations. Nakivale is found in one of the\nremotest areas of Mbarara district with poor transport and social infrastructure which\nmake it not easily accessible.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Today, the settlement is home to over 15,000 refugees of different nationalities (see\ntable 1) and administered by a camp commandant under the government ministry of\nDisaster Preparedness and Refugees. UNHCR through its implementing partner the\nUganda Red Cross provides humanitarian assistance to the refugees. Unlike the host\npopulation, refugees have access to adequate social services provided by UNHCR.\nThis in itself has been a cause of xenophobia against refugees who are seen as more\nprivileged by the local population.\n\n\n**Table 1:** **Nakivale refugee population at 30 September 2004**\n\n|Age Group|0-4|Col3|5-17|Col5|18-59|Col7|60|Col9|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Nationality**|M|F|M|F|M|F|M|F||\n|Rwandan|2596|2347|2009|1796|1967|1814|57|49|12,635|\n|Kenyan|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|3|\n|Somali|70|65|137|138|230|233|8|3|884|\n|Ethiopian|4|4|7|5|38|15|0|0|73|\n|Congolese|188|201|199|203|238|229|17|19|1,294|\n|Burundi|39|36|59|41|88|63|0|0|326|\n|Sudanese|6|6|15|25|19|18|0|0|89|\n|**Total**|2903|2659|2426|2209|2581|2373|82|71|15,304|\n\n\n\n_Source: Camp commandant\u2019s office, Nakivale_\n\nEver since its establishment, the settlement has been a centre of controversy as\nregards its size and original boundaries. Located in central Ankole [1], it has been prone\nto encroachment by the populace who saw it as an area for expansion of their grazing\nactivities. Encroachment was of two types: extension of national land holdings into\ngazetted land and land loans given to nationals by refugees. This was also precipitated\nby the fact that there was a shrink in land availability for settlement and grazing in\nsurrounding areas especially after gazetting of Lake Mburo National Park in 1983 and\nout migration from neighbouring districts of Bushenyi and Ntugamo.\n\n\nLand conflicts are fuelled by the fact that large expanses of settlement land are\nunutilised land since the refugee population is small. This has resulted in a limitation\non expansion of refugee agricultural activities especially women in other parts of the\nsettlements; limited access to natural resources such as fuel wood and water and\ngrazing land.\n\n\n**Land conflicts between refugees and host populations**\n\n\nGenerally, it is vital to place refugee - host population conflict over land in the context\nof Uganda\u2019s land tenure system. Land tenure is the mode of land holding, together\nwith terms and conditions of occupancy. It is about \u2018the bundle of rights\u2019 held and\nenjoyed in the land resource. The relative degree to which individuals can profit from\nland resources is influenced by three factors: utilisation, duration of occupancy and\nrelocation rights (Nuwagaba et al, 2002). It is important to note that ambiguities exist\nin land tenure systems in Uganda as a result of its colonial history. For instance, at\nindependence in 1962, there were three land tenure systems: Mailo tenure, a system\nthat was exclusive to the kingdom of Buganda and traced its origins in the Buganda\n\n1 The people of Ankole are both pastorists and agriculturalists.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "agreement of 1900; Freehold tenure, a system created under the Crown Land\nOrdinance of 1903; the native freeholds, where the community control over land was\nwoven into a number of land rights (Nuwagaba et al, 2002).\n\n\nThe degree of enjoyment of the land resource has become a point of contention\nbetween host populations and refugees. At first, refugees were settled in sparsely\npopulated areas and enjoyed good relations with the host populations (Holborn,\n1975:1212). However, population increase and the advent of a cash economy\nincreased the value of land, leading to strained social relations between refugees and\nnationals (Kasfir, 1988:158). Moreover, refugees are regarded as non-citizens who\nshould not have any rights over land.\n\n\nLand conflicts between refugees and host population can be attributed to two main\nfactors, that is, exceeding of field or residential boundaries (encroachment) and\nacquisition by nationals (sometimes in the form of land loans). Land conflicts in the\nrefugee hosting areas are partly attributed to lack of clear refugee settlement\nboundaries (Mugerwa, 1992; Nuwagaba, 2002; Bagenda, 2003). According to the\nchairman of the district land board in Mbarara, there are no clear demarcations\nbetween refugees\u2019 and host population\u2019s land [2] .\n\n\nThe lack of clarity can be traced to reluctance of the Ankole kingdom [3] to favour\npermanent settlement of refugees in 1962 when they were first given land to settle\n(Holborn, 1974:1223). As a result there has been increased encroachment on refugee\nland by nationals, a practice exacerbated by weak administration systems. For\ninstance, some encroachers have even acquired land tittles on gazetted land, since the\nprocedure of acquiring a land title is very simple and open to abuse. All one needs is\nto fill out an application form from the district land board and take them to Local\nCouncil 1 (LC1) and have a \u2018neighbour\u2019 sign for confirmation.\n\n\nAfter the District Land Board has confirmed, land is surveyed and a land title issued.\nThe system has also been exploited by refugees, especially those of the 1959 caseload\nwho have acquired land tittles [4] on settlement land. For instance, there is a case of a\nRwandan refugee with a title for seven square kilometres of settlement land.\nInterestingly, it was also found out that the camp commandant of Nakivale refugee\nsettlement has had to appear in court on charges of distributing land to refugees in the\nsettlement [5] .\n\n\nFurthermore, there have also been disagreements between Mbarara district\nadministration officials and the government over land in refugee settlements. Part of\nthe disagreements are because the government has refused nationals to use refugee\nland. One district official interviewed said that government has not always agreed\nwith the district on matters pertaining to land conflicts in refugee settlement. The\nfindings of the study revealed that in fact, some of the district officials are themselves\nencroachers on settlement land. Institutional responses are further hindered by\nmigration of nationals from other areas, such as Nyabushozi and Bushenyi, because of\nland shortages. This migration is caused by anticipation that refugees will repatriate\n\n2 The settlement boundary was determined by ridges that surround it.\n3 These were the original owners of the land in Nakivale and Oruchinga before government gazetted\nthe settlement.\n4 Under the Ugandan law, refugees are not supposed to own land.\n5 Interviews camp commandant Nakivale and Refugee Desk officer Mbarara, October 2004.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "especially to Rwanda and leave vacant land in the settlements. On the other hand,\nrefugees from Rwanda are coming to Uganda because there is land for settlement\n(Bagenda et al, 2002). In response, government is in the process of resurveying the\nland and cancelling all land titles acquired on refugee land.\n\n\nTo further analyze the land conflicts, one also needs to understand the land problem in\nRwanda. According to Hajabakiga (2004:1-3) Rwanda has a population of 8.1 million\nand a population density of 308 inhabitants per square kilometre. On a whole, this\nplaces pressure on land leading to landlessness. Limited access to land in Rwanda has\nalso had an influence on the repatriation of Rwandese in that they prefer to stay in\nareas where they have access to land for their own livelihoods. For instance, it is this\nlack of land in Rwanda that has partly led to secondary refugee movements from\nTanzania to Uganda.\n\n\nEven some of the refugees who had repatriated after the genocide in 1994 returned to\nUganda to repossess their land holdings in refugee settlements. When asked about\ntheir repatriation, Rwandan refugees indicated that they had no land to return to in\nRwanda [6] . Indeed, Hajabakiga (2004) observed that between the 1950s and 1980s\nmany people in Rwanda lost their land rights for politically and ethnically motivated\nreasons. This, according to her, caused a problem when Rwandese repatriated after\n1994 since they had no lands to repossess, and some of them ended up taking up the\nlands of those who had fled that same year.\n\n\nGenerally, conflicts over land in Nakivale can be perceived as \u2018livelihood clashes\u2019\nbetween refugees and nationals, since land is a critical resource for supporting\nlivelihoods (Mugerwa, 1992, Verma, 2001:79). Hence it is important to understand\nthe interplay of various factors that influence access to and utilisation of land by both\nhost communities and refugees. For instance, despite settlement size, each refugee\nhousehold is given 0.04 hectares (20m x 20m) of land for homestead establishment\nand 0.15 as agricultural plots. This leaves a large part of the land under\u2013utilized\nproviding room for encroachment by nationals in need of grazing land.\n\n\nQuite often, animals stray into refugees\u2019 agricultural plots leading to a conflict\nbetween refugees and local populations. Usually, conflicts arise when livelihoods are\nthreatened and this threat can be internal (within the households or communities) or\nexternal-from outside the households or communities (Mugerwa, 1992:23; Verma,\n2001:97). At the centre of land conflicts are questions of ownership, access to and\ncontrol over natural resources. Land is regarded by locals as belonging to Ugandans\nwith refugees having no rights whatsoever. Regarding their interests in land, locals\naccuse the government of placing refugees\u2019 above those of the national population [7] .\nFor refugees, access is determined by legislation, as land is allocated for a settlement.\nParadoxically, settlements are sometimes established in non-agricultural productive\nareas, limiting livelihood opportunities. Furthermore, the government confines the\nrefugees in the settlement, allowing them only limited freedom of movement.\nRefugees have had to devise survival strategies such as spontaneous movement out of\nsettlements with no permission to do so.\n\n\n6\nFc Group Discussion Kigali zone, Nakivale (July 2004).\n7 Refugee Desk Officer, Mbarara October 2004.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Women\u2019s livelihood strategies_\n\n\nAccording to DFID (2001), a livelihood comprises the capabilities and assets (both\nmaterial and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A\nlivelihood is said to be sustainable when it can recover from shocks, stresses and\ntrends and maintain and enhance its capabilities both now and in the future while not\nundermining the natural resource base for future generations (Ibid).\n\n\nAccess to and control of land to a greater extent determines refugee women\u2019s access\nto livelihood assets such as physical capital, natural capital, human capital, financial\ncapital and social capital. Unfortunately, as Wengi (1998) points out, access and\ncontrol are limited by their lack of resource rights. For instance, in most of Sub\nSaharan Africa, women do not own land and even what they produce on the land, is\ncontrolled by the men (World Bank, 2000; Verma, 2001). Paradoxically, women\nthrough their labour are the major contributors to household livelihoods especially in\nrefugee situations (Mulumba, 2002).\n\n\nWomen and men negotiate access and maintain control over land as a productive and\nmaterial resource differently and inequitably within local relations of power (Verma,\n2001:79).Land conflicts influence women\u2019s access to resources such as cultivable\nland, water and firewood. Given their domestic responsibilities, refugee women\nnegotiate access to natural resources such as land for cultivation, firewood and water\nvital for the survival of their families.\n\n\nBecause of land conflicts and depletion of resources such as trees and arable soils\nwomen have been forced to look beyond the settlement for other sources. For\ninstance, interviews with refugee women revealed that they collect firewood and\nwater five to seven kilometres away from the settlement. Travelling such long\ndistances makes them vulnerable to sexual exploitation and gender based violence\nfrom both refugees and host populations. The distances also take away their valuable\ntime to engage in income generating activities or to participate in skills training.\n\n\nIt was also established that women do not control proceeds from surplus food sold in\nthe markets nor independently use the surplus from other household income\ngenerating activities. As a result, they are dependent on men for their daily needs a\nfact that greatly disadvantages them. For instance, because of their low income,\nwomen are denied access to dispute settling mechanisms in the settlements. For\nexample in the case of land conflicts, Refugee Welfare Committees [8] demand fees\nbefore they can settle a dispute.\n\n\nAccording to the Refugee Welfare Committee chairman, this is to \u2018facilitate\u2019 their\nwork in settling cases in the form of stationary. This requirement has become a\nhindrance to women who wish to seek assistance and adjudication of their cases.\nFurther to that, at times, police posts in the settlements also demand money from\nrefugees to address their complaints. For instance in cases where women report cases\nof sexual and gender based violence (SGBV), the police request \u2018fees\u2019 to arrest\n\n\n8 Refugee Welfare Committees are not facilitated by the government or UNHCR to carry out their day\nto day activities.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "perpetrators [9] . Since women often lack money to pay such fees, they at times fail to\nreport cases.\n\n\nRefuge women\u2019s vulnerability is also partly due to men who migrate out of the\nsettlements to seek for work opportunities in urban centres leaving their wives behind\nto maintain a presence in the settlement. As observed in a study of urban refugees in\nKampala (Kalyango, 1999) some refugees have ended up with a dual settlement, that\nis, some live in urban centres such as Mbarara and Kampala and only return to the\nsettlement when there is food distribution or a census.\n\n\nThe majority of refugee women respond to these hindrances in their attempts to\nestablish a livelihood by building up their social capital. For instance, they respond to\nthe lack of labour in the households as a consequence of the absence of men, by\nforming groups through which they harness their joint labour. Women for example\ncooperate in cultivating each other\u2019s gardens as a group. They also participate in\ncommunity activities such as women\u2019s groups, or as volunteers with humanitarian\nagencies operating in the settlement.\n\n\nSome refugee women work as social workers for the Uganda Red Cross Society or as\nCommunity Volunteers for the International Medial Corps (IMC). Social capital is\ndeveloped through vertical (patron/ client) or horizontal (between individuals with\nshared interests) networks that increase people\u2019s trust and ability to work together and\nexpand their access to wider institutions (DFID, 2001). Social capital helps to increase\nwomen\u2019s productivity, improves their access to income generating activities and\nfacilitates the sharing of knowledge (Ibid.).\n\n\nFurthermore, some women have devised survival strategies such as the use of sex and\nmarriage to achieve livelihood goals. For instance, they either exchange sex for\nservices they need or engage in outright prostitution. Joseph (not real name), who runs\na drug shop in the settlement, revealed that at times women request to exchange sex\nfor drugs in case they have no money.\n\n\nAnother livelihood strategy of women is that of marriage as agency to access\nlivelihood resources. Women seek marriage [10] to either nationals or refugee men. In\nthe absence of role models and evident benefits from formal education, marriage has\nremained as the only option for many. Girls are married off as early as 16 years to\nacquire income or dowry and or extra labour for the household. Refugees reported\nthat if a girl reaches puberty then she is ready for marriage as in the case of Esther:\n\n\nEsther lost her husband in 1994 in Rwanda while fleeing the genocide\nwith her under-aged daughter Doris. When she arrived in Nakivale\nrefugee settlement, she got involved with a Rwandan man in order to\nsecure social support and survival. She gave away Doris to another man\nto marry her. The man was later arrested for defilement which is illegal\nin Uganda after a marriage ceremony attended by the Refugee Welfare\nCommittee members. Doris\u2019s mother refused to give evidence against her\nson-in-law arguing that Doris was of age and that the man had been\nwrongly arrested.\n\n\n9 The request for fees arises out of the poor facilitation of the police units in the settlements.\n10 At times they cohabit with men with no formal marriage ceremonies.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Early marriages arise out of the communities\u2019 view that women\u2019s place in society is in\nthe home (Obbo, 1990:210). Early marriages however have a negative impact on\ngirls\u2019 access to education and building up their human capital. Human capital\nrepresents the skills, knowledge, ability, labour and good health that together enable\npeople to pursue different livelihood strategies and achieve their livelihood objectives\n(DFID, 2001).\n\n\nThe study concurs with the World Bank (2000:152) which observed that when girls\nreach adolescence, they are generally expected to spend more time on household\nactivities such as cooking, cleaning, collecting fuel and water and caring for children.\nMoreover, quite often men marry young girls not for companionship but as extra\nlabourers in households.\n\n\nSuch attitudes have partly led to high school drop out rate for girls in higher classes\n(secondary school level) despite high enrolment rates in lower classes (primary school\nlevel). Education policies have emphasised the enrolment of girls in both primary and\nsecondary school and not their retention in school. Whereas girls are encouraged to\nattend school, nothing much has been done to provide an enabling environment for\ntheir retention in school. According to the Government of Uganda\u2019s Development\nAssistance for Refugees (DAR) policy, refugees need more education facilities to\nensure that children are able to access primary education (GoU, 2004:12).\n\n\nA closer look at the government strategy shows that it does not address the quality of\neducation and the retention of the girl child in school. For instance, in one of the\nsecondary schools in the settlement, of the 300 students, 200 are boys and 100 are\ngirls. The head teacher said that girls have a high drop out rate because of early\nmarriages, pregnancy and neglect of parents. Mulumba (1998:35-40) noted that there\nis little motivation to educate daughters and further observed that in the refugee\nsettlements, it is not uncommon for girls as young as 13 and 14 years to marry.\n\n\nA limited number of women are involved in the informal sector within the settlement\ninstead of only relying on land resources. Some women operate kiosks that sell basic\nnecessities such as sugar, salt, paraffin; others provide services operating hair saloons\nand restaurants. This concurs with research by Deepa Narayan (2000:45), who\nobserved that poor people try to diversify their sources of income and food by\ncarrying out different income generating activities.\n\n\nDespite their hard work, it was found that women rarely participate in decisionmaking processes at both the household and community level. This is a result of\ncultural expectations that perceive women as belonging to the \u2018home\u2019 (Tinker,\n1990:17) and their preoccupation in care activities that limit their time to actively\nparticipate in decision-making.\n\n\nRefugee women with some form of formal education seek employment in the\nsettlements, although the opportunities are limited. A few semi-skilled women are\nemployed as social workers, community volunteers, teachers or midwives in the\nhealth units. In all these activities, they earn incentives that are not commensurate to\nthe work they do, as according to the government of Uganda, refugees are not\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "supposed to work. Hence, humanitarian agencies cannot sign a contract with them,\ngive them terms of reference and pay them a salary [11] .\n\n\nAnother livelihood strategy is that of engaging in Functional Adult Literacy (FAL)\nprograms. The majority of the refugees who attend these classes seek to learn English\nin order to improve their (economic and social) integration into the Ugandan\ncommunity.\n\n\nIt is also a strategy of those who hope to be resettled in other countries such as the\nUnited States of America, Australia and Canada. Enrolment in English language\nclasses reveals that refugee women have a long-term view of their livelihood beyond\nthe parameters of their households and domestic work. Whereas they thus search for\nopportunities that can get them and their families out of poverty, at the same time it is\nimportant to realize that they are constrained by having to juggle their studying with\ncare and livelihood activities in the households.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nIn all, conflicts over land between refugees and host populations have had negative\nimpact on the way refugee women access livelihood goals. Land, for the majority of\nrefugee women is central to their survival. In order to overcome the predicaments of\nland conflicts and inequitable access to resources, refugee women have devised other\nlivelihood strategies to ensure their survival and that of their children. For instance\nmarriage, Functional Adult Literacy and building up of their social capital are seen as\nagency in this regard.\n\n\nThe extent to which refugee women can attain livelihood goals is however limited by\nrestrictions on their freedom of movement. As a result, refugees fail to fully utilize\nlivelihood opportunities even when they sneak out of the settlement. Ideally, for a way\nforward, refugees should be given an opportunity to build their livelihoods outside the\nframework of the settlement approach which is prone to conflicts with the local\npopulation and greatly limits achievement of sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n11 Interview with program officer, Uganda Red Cross October 2004\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/facd2444-b767-350f-8cc6-ed67d5a60227/1C032BB75402B3D9C12571DA00377D44-UNHCR-Jul2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_180/raw/doc_180_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_180/raw/doc_180_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b8b0896ba806468386a057a98340ea5c589ba739..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_180/raw/doc_180_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 2018 Annual Report\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Response Summary 2018\n\n## **3RP FUNDING**\n\n\n**2018 FUNDING STATUS** **3RP 2018 FUNDING STATUS BY COMPONENT**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Type of Agency|Requirements
(in USD)|Received
(in USD)|%
Funded|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|UN Agencies, Fund,
Programmes|4,768,591,616|3,017,769,634|63 %|\n|International NGOs|710,600,685|446,873,761|63 %|\n|National NGOs|129,759,209|20,521,970|16 %|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*The LCRP recorded 52 per cent funding in 2018 (USD 1.40 Billion received out of USD 2.68 Billion required). The difference between the regional figure and the LCRP\n\nfigure relate to differences in methodology for financial tracking between the country and regional level, as well as small differences in reporting, including how non-3RP\n\npartners and carry over funds are included.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Response Summary 2018\n\n## **HIGHLIGHTS ACROSS THE REGION**\n\n\n**BRIDGE. OUTSOURCE. TRANSFORM**\n\n**\u2013 IMPACT SOURCING PLATFORM FOR YOUTH**\n\n\n\n**ILO\u2019S WORKPLACE**\n**ADAPTATION TRAINING**\n\n\n\nUNICEF and Digital Oppurtunity Trust (DOT) Lebanon developed\nan impact sourcing platform - Bridge. Outsource. Transform.\n(\u201cB.O.T.\u201d) - to tackle high youth unemployment in Lebanon. B.O.T.\nmatches marginalized youth in Lebanon, who have been trained\nwith digital skills through UNICEF\u2019s Generation of Innovation\nLeaders (GIL) program, with online income-generatingopportunities. During its pilot phase, 125 young adults earned\napproximately USD 60,000 on the platform. In addition, B.O.T.\nwon the recent Global Social Venture Competition in the region\nin partnership with BeryTech (Business Innovation & Incubation\nCenter in Lebanon for Entrepreneurs). It will now participate in\nthe next stage, a Global Round competing against social startups from all around the world.\n\n\n**MEETING FOR A RENEWED RESILIENCE COMMITMENT**\n\n\nA \u2018Meeting for a Renewed Resilience Commitment\u2019 was\nheld in April in Amman prior to the Brussels II Conference.\nParticipants re-affirmed their commitment to stronger and\neffective resilience-based programming in supporting affected\nindividuals, communities and institutions. Participants included\nGovernment representatives from Lebanon and Jordan,\nmembers of diplomatic missions, UN Agencies, NGOs and CSO\u2019s\nand think tanks.\n\n\n4 2018 Annual Report\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n\nThe International Labour Organization (ILO) implemented a\n\u201cWorkplace Adaptation Training\u201d programme to support the\nintegration of Syrian refugees into host communities and for\nTurkish national workers to become more understanding and\naccepting of Syrian refugees and their situation. Some 150\nbeneficiaries in 16 workplaces have so far benefitted from the\nprogramme. Challenges related to work permits and language\nbarriers are constantly cited as the key obstacles to access to\nemployment for refugees, and this programme also seeks to\naddress these issues.\n\n\n**BLOCKCHAIN IN JORDAN**\n\n\nBased on the success of the Building Blocks pilot project\nlaunched in 2017, WFP-Jordan has expanded the use of\nblockchain technology to deliver humanitarian assistance to\n110,000 Syrian refugees in Azraq and Zaatari refugee camps,\nenhancing the delivery of cash-based transfers (CBT). By the\nend of the year, a total of USD 39 million was transferred to\nbeneficiaries using Blockchain. This technology has enabled\nWFP to provide CBT assistance in a more efficient and less costly\nmanner. In 2019, WFP is planning to expand the use of Building\nBlocks to reach Syrian refugees in host communities.\n\n\n**SOCIAL INNOVATION LABS**\n\n\nIn 2018, UNICEF Jordan scaled-up its social\ninnovation labs programme, expanding its\nreach from 30,000 to 90,000 young people\nthrough the establishment of an additional\n43 physical labs in Makani centres. At the\nlabs, UNICEF\u2019s \u201cUPSHIFT\u201d curriculum is\nimplemented, which aims to help young\nidentify the biggest challenges they are\nfacing in their communities and coming up\nwith innovative ventures to address these\nchallenges. The labs also serve as a positive\nlearning environment for unstructured\nactivities, and some labs offer technical\ntraining in robotics, creative media, and\ncoding.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AN INNOVATIVE RESPONSE BOOSTING RESILIENCE**\n**IN TURKEY\u2019S HEALTH SECTOR**\n\n\nThe Ministry of Health of Turkey (MoH), supported by WHO, the\nEuropean Union, health sector partners and other humanitarian\nactors, has led a country-wide response aimed at strengthening\nrefugee-sensitive health service delivery. The programme\naims to provide linguistic- and culturally-sensitive primary\nhealthcare services for the Syrian population. The programme\nhas established a network of Migrant Health Centres (MHCs)\nacross the country where Syrian doctors and nurses offer health\nservices to other fellow Syrians.\n\n\nWithin this scheme, WHO and MoH began to train Syrian doctors\nand nurses to serve in the Turkish health care system across the\nnetwork of MHCs. The training programme, aimed at teaching\nSyrian health care workers how to navigate the system, consists\nof a one-week theoretical training and a six-week on-the-job\ntraining. During the practical stage, Syrian health care workers\nare guided and supervised by Turkish health care workers while\nproviding health care services in seven Refugee Health Training\nCentres across the country.\n\n\nIn 2018, over 580,000 primary health care consultations were\nprovided in the seven Refugee Health Training Centres, relating\nto immunization, maternal care and child health care. Some\n234 Syrian doctors, 308 Syrian nurses and 629 interpreters/\npatient guides were trained; and, some 1,357 Syrian health\nprofessionals are currently employed by Ministry of Health and\nserving in Migration Health Centres across the country.\n\n\n\nRegional Response Summary 2018\n\n\n**STRENGTHENING NATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS THE**\n**RESPONSE EVOLVES IN IRAQ**\n\n\nAs the response continues to evolve in Iraq, from an emergency\nto a longer-term solutions and development approach, a\nnumber of measures have been taken to gradually shift the\nresponse from 3RP partner-led activities to government-led\nactivities, supported by 3RP partners. In 2018, this includes\ncapacity building and partnership between UNHCR and\ngovernment entities, such as child protection training for\nMinistry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA)/ Directorates of\nSocial Affairs (DoSA) staff, and Gender Based Violence (GBV)\nprevention and response training for staff of the General\nDirectorate of combating violence against women (DCVAW).\nGoing forward, this transition will also see existing refugee\ncamps transform into viable settlements, and the gradual\ninclusion of Syrian refugees into the existing national systems\nand services.\n\n\n**PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL TENSIONS IN LEBANON**\n\n\nIn 2018, the Social Stability sector in Lebanon generated a tool\nthat allowed the results of the UNDP/ARK Group perception\nsurveys on social tensions to be shared with partners in\nan easily accessible way. The platform is designed to offer\nquantitative data on host community-refugee relations in\na tailored format for humanitarian and development\npractitioners and decision-makers. It presents data from all\nfour iterations of data collection and includes maps so that\nInformation regarding specific sectors is easily accessible. The\ndashboard is accessible though the following link: http://tiny.\n\ncc/nvh9vy.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Response Summary 2018\n\n\n**3RP Strategic Directions**\n\n\n**The eight strategic directions continued to guide the response across the region in 2018. Progress was made against each of the strategic**\n**directions, including:**\n\n\n\n\u2666 Strong National Leadership remaining the cornerstone of the\nresponse, with national governments and local/municipal\nauthorities continuing to lead the response. They took on a more\nprominent role in some areas, such as the Government of Egypt\nincluding its requirements in the 3RP Egypt chapter for the first\ntime.\n\n\n\u2666 Critical work related to verification and updating registration\nrecords, ensuring access to civil status documentation (such\nas birth certificates) and addressing SGBV continued under the\nRegional Protection Framework.\n\n\n\u2666 Partners continued implementing resilience-based interventions\nfor individual refugees and host communities as well as\nmunicipalities and host institutions. Despite only receiving 37\nper cent funding of resilience component request, nearly 14,000\neducation personnel were provided with incentives and over 2,500\nSyrian and Turkish health care professionals were provided with\ntraining, the majority of whom were women. Partners also worked\nclosely with municipalities to improve the provision of basic\nservices such as garbage collection, community infrastructure\n(such as sustainable water provision) as well as helping to increase\nthe capacities of municipalities.\n\n\n\u2666 Enhancing economic opportunities: The governments continued\nproviding work permits for refugees to facilitate access to\nemployment; In Jordan and Turkey, over 45,000 and 14,000 work\npermits were issued respectively in 2018. To complement this,\n3RP partners undertook a wide range of activities to improve the\nemployability of host community members and Syrian refugees,\n\n\n\n\u2666 The partners also continue supporting the No Lost Generation\n(NLG) initiative to ensure that children and youth affected by the\nSyria crisis were provided with safety and access to education.\nEducation partners continue providing not only access to formal\nand no-formal education but also quality provided to the refugee\nand vulnerable host community children.\n\n\n\u2666 3RP partners remained committed to outreach and partnerships,\nincluding regular dialogue with International Financial Institutions\nand the private sector.\n\n\n\u2666 Accountability mechanisms were strengthened, including\nmechanisms for two-way communications with communities,\nthrough focus groups, hotlines, surveys and other tools to gather\nfeedback and ensure beneficiaries can participate meaningfully.\n\n\n\u2666 All 3RP countries and the regional level have functioning\ncoordination mechanisms in place to discuss Durable Solutions\nand develop the strategic and operational response presented in\nthe 2019 3RP.\n\n\n\n\n\n6 2018 Annual Report\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**945M**\n\n\n## **TURKEY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3RP Country Response 2018\n\n\n\nThe Government of Turkey has continued its strong national ownership of the\nresponse through the implementation of the Temporary Protection Regulation.\nThe registration of Syrians continued in 2018, with the registration information of\nmajority of Syrians being verified. Numbers in urban areas have increased in 2018\nwith the closure and decongestion of Temporary Accommodation Centres (TACs)\nand the relocation of 45,000 Syrian refugees. With the support of 3RP partners,\nSyrians under temporary protection have been granted increasing access to national\nsystems including health, education, employment and social services.\n\n\nThe enrollment of Syrian children in formal education has increased to 640,000 and\n\nand skills training.\n\n\npsychosocial needs, and access to legal assistance.\n\n\nThere has been an effort to enhance the capacities of localized national service\nproviders, including Social Service Centres and other centres operating under the\nMinistry of Family, Labour and Social Services. This has furthered identification\nof Syrians with specific needs, referrals to and from service providers as well as\noutreach activities. Service provision at the provincial level has been enhanced\nthrough provincial coordination platforms such as Case-management Working\nGroups. Supporting efforts to enhance social cohesion activities also remains a key\narea of focus.\n\n\nMulti-purpose cash support to Syrians continued in 2018 through the Emergency\nSocial Safety Net (ESSN), reaching 1.5 million beneficiaries. This assistance\ncontributed to meeting the various basic needs of Syrians. However, rising prices\ndue to global trends and high inflation levels in 2018 have exacerbated the effects of\nlow income levels of refugees. Vulnerable Syrians under temporary protection cope\nwith the situation by reducing diversity and quality of food consumption.\n\n\nLivelihoods partners have made good progress towards enhancing employability\nof refugees and host community members, and fostering a business environment\n\n\n\nfor job creation, as well as promoting social stability. Progress\nhas been made to scale up and increase absorption capacity of\nactivities and in 2018, 3RP partners reached over 60,000 Turkish\nand Syrian individuals and placed 3,500 into jobs, with another\n1,200 supported to start a business. Support to municipalities\u2019\nservice provision has also continued through strengthened\ntechnical capacities towards increased accessibility of services,\nwith over USD 25 million mobilized across sectors to support\nmunicipal services, notably on waste management, waste water\nand emergency services in southeast municipalities facing the\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Country Response 2018\n\n\n**420M**\n**397M** **396M**\n\n\n\n**354M**\n\n\n## **LEBANON**\n\n**238M**\n**217M**\n**198M**\n\n\n\n**72M**\n\n\n**57%** **55%** **17%** **44%** **38%** **60%** **66%** **44%**\n\n**SecurityFood** **NeedsBasic** **Livelihoods and social** **Education** **WASH** **Protection** **Health and Nutrition** **Shelter**\n**cohesion**\n\n\nSince 2017, the response to the multifaceted ramifications of the Syrian crisis has\nbeen guided by a revised Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP), jointly developed by\nthe humanitarian community (United Nations, national and international NGOs and\ndonors) and the Government of Lebanon (GoL) and covering a multi-year period up\nto 2020. It provides an integrated humanitarian and stabilization framework, aiming\nto tackle Lebanon\u2019s challenges holistically, taking into account the vulnerability of\nall people affected by the crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe response aims, on the one hand, the response aims to ensure protection and\nprovide immediate assistance to the most vulnerable populations, primarily the\ndisplaced population from Syria, the host community, the Palestine refugees in\nLebanon and from Syria, while at the same time, strengthening the capacity of\nnational and local service delivery systems to expand access to and quality of basic\nservices. It also reinforces Lebanon\u2019s economic, social and environmental stability.\n\n\n2018 marked the second year of the four-year plan. 3.3 million individuals were\nidentified as in need of assistance and 2.8 million were specifically targeted by\nimplementing partners. The total outreach for 2018 was 1.6 million individuals\neffectively benefitting from the response. Funding shortages remain an obstacle and,\nParticularly note, multi-year funding remains limited and sectors like Livelihoods,\nShelter and Energy continue to struggle. Nonetheless, in 2018 some USD 474\nmillion (34 per cent of total funding available by the Lebanon response in 2018) was\ninjected into the local economy by LCRP partners through cash-based interventions.\nIn addition, the amount of funding channelled through public institutions has\nincreased, strengthening service delivery, policy development, capacity building and\ninstitutional stability. In 2017 more than USD 202 million (17 per cent of the overall\nfunding received for the Response) was channeled through public institutions; this\nsupport has increased by 17 per cent in 2018, to USD 236 million.\n\n\nThe situation remains precarious, with many refugees continuing to rely on\nassistance to survive. This is particularly relevant for female-headed households\nwhich, despite some improvements in food security and other vulnerability\nindicators, remain more vulnerable than male-headed households. Persons\nliving with disabilities face considerable challenges to access livelihoods and\nservices autonomously. Children are among the most vulnerable, in particular\nunaccompanied children or those separated from their families. 3RP partners\nhave been able to mitigate the deterioration of vulnerabilities, but not halt them\ncompletely.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_Mediterranean_
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_The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not_|**L E B A**
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_ imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._|** N O N**
**S Y R I A N A R A B**
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**Syrian Refugee Populaton**|\n|_Mediterranean_
_Sea_
_The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not_|||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 *The LCRP recorded 52 per cent funding in 2018 (USD 1.40 Billion received out of USD 2.68 Billion required). The difference between the regional figure and the LCRP figure 2018 Annual Report\n\nrelate to differences in methodology for financial tracking between the country and regional level, as well as small differences in reporting, including how non-3RP partners Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\nand carry over funds are included.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **JORDAN**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3RP Country Response 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSyrians in Jordan, which mean that Syrians are now required to pay 80 per cent of the\n\napplicable standard pricing for foreigners. This represents a huge change in pricing, with\n\nfar reaching implications on refugees\u2019 ability to access healthcare and general wellbeing.\n\n\nEconomic stresses have also affected food prices; government cuts to subsidies on bread\n\nand increased taxation have been acutely felt in a country where more than half a million\n\nSyrian refugees are in need of food assistance. In response, the Food Security Sector\n\nassessed the impact of these measures and increased the value of food baskets and cash\nbased transfers to Syrian refugees in host communities.\n\n\nCommitments made to enhance access to employment for Syrians following the London\n\nconference in 2016 and subsequent Brussels Conferences have yielded much success, with\n\nover 122,000 work permits issued to Syrian refugees in Jordan since 2016. Nonetheless,\n\na number of issues remain in terms of the expansion of work sectors in which Syrian\n\nrefugees are able to access work permits, and the small proportion of women refugees\n\nwith permits.\n\n\nOn 15 October 2018, the Jaber-Nasib border crossing between Jordan and Syria re\nopened for the first time in three years, facilitating the reopening of an important trade\n\nroute. Refugees have returned to Syria from Jordan in small numbers throughout the\n\nconflict. During 2018, particularly after the border reopening, increased focus was\n\nplaced on return. However, while refugee return figures may have increased slightly since\n\nthe border was reopened, returns still represent a very small number in comparison to the\n\noverall registered Syrian refugee population.\n\n\nBased on the return perceptions and intentions surveys carried out in 2018, the majority\n\nof Syrians likely to remain in Jordan for the next twelve months, it is vital that the\n\ninternational community continues to support host countries like Jordan so they can\n\ncontinue to extend their generosity to refugees while restoring their own development\n\nmomentum.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Country Response 2018\n\n\n**51M**\n\n\n**37M**\n**33M**\n**30M**\n\n\n## **IRAQ**\n\n**22M** **21M**\n**17M**\n**14M**\n\n\n\n**24%** **48%** **77%** **29%** **56%** **9%** **32%** **42%**\n\n\n**Protection** **Food** **Basic Needs** **Education** **Shelter** **Livelihoods** **WASH** **Health and**\n**Security** **and Social** **Nutrition**\n**Cohesion**\n\n\n\n\n\nlegal benefits for Syrian refugees.\n\n\nto be central in GBV-prevention and Child Protection response.\n\n\nfor healthcare and rent. In camps, vulnerable households received food assistance.\n\n\nthe infrastructure and the upgrade of shelters inside camps.\n\n\nqualitative education.\n\n\nIraq did not experience large-scale return movements in 2018.\n\n\n10 2018 Annual Report\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **EGYPT**\n\n\n\n3RP Country Response 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAs of the end of 2018, UNHCR Egypt has registered a total of 244,919 refugees and\nasylum seekers, out of which 132,871 are Syrians (54% of the active population).\n21,443 of the Syrian refugees in Egypt are individuals with specific needs. Syrian\nrefugees continued to have access to public education and health services at an\nequal level of Egyptian nationals. Nevertheless, the government has stretched its\ncapacity to maintain a conducive asylum space and to allow national institutions to\nabsorb and respond to the increasing demand on public services.\n\n\nIn 2018, underfunding remained a major challenge for UNHCR and appealing\nagencies in meeting the pressing needs of the refugee population. With roughly\n50% funding, UNHCR and 3RP partners continued to respond to the needs of Syrian\nrefugees in the five sectors of assistance: Protection, Education, Basic Needs and\nLivelihoods, Health and Food Security.\n\n\nBy the end of 2018, almost 70,000 Syrian children, youth and adolescents have\naccessed protection-related assistance such as participation in community based\npsychosocial support and child protection activities, benefitting from multisectoral case management, activities on SGBV prevention and response and\nreferral to legal partners for assistance. In addition, 1,647 Syrian refugees have been\nsubmitted for resettlement to third countries in 2018. With the collaboration of WFP,\nover 77,000 vulnerable Syrian refugees have received food vouchers on a monthly\nbasis. Moreover, UNHCR supported an average of 45,618 Syrian refugees with multipurpose cash assistance during 2018. Furthermore, UNHCR provided a total of\n27,379 Syrian refugee households with winter assistancem, and UNICEF assisted an\nadditional 760 unaccompanied and separated children (UASC). In Egypt, education\npartners contributed to achieving the No Lost Generation initiative by providing\neducation grants to 25,800 Syrian refugee children at the age of 6-20 years old and\napproximately 5,000 grants to Syrian refugee children at the age of 3-5. In addition,\nand in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP),\nover 120,000 Syrian refugee women, men and children have benefited from primary\nhealth consultations, including 5,032 refugees benefiting from medication for\nchronic health problems.\n\n\nWhile access to formal work opportunities remains a challenge to Syrian refugees\nand host communities in Egypt, UNHCR and partners under the 3RP continued\nto provide access to alternative livelihood opportunities and to foster resilience\namong communities. In light of this, Livelihood partners provided capacity\ndevelopment support for livelihood purposes to over 2,700 male and female Syrian\nrefugees. On the resilience component, 3RP partners continued to strengthen the\ninstitutional capacity of the host government in various ministries. By the end of\n2018, more than 250 public health facilities were supported with equipment, over\n2,000 female and male teachers have been trained under the Ministry of Education\nand more than 250 government staff were trained on Child Protection.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Photo Credit:\n\nFront cover: UNICEF/ Kate Brooks\n\nBack cover: UNDP/Kohler\n\n\nDesign:\n\nUNHCR/Samar Fayed\n\n\nFor further information please visit:\nhttp://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/\n\n\n\nFollow us on Social Media\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f73a94d2-c150-3e96-9b90-b1b1f37862e6/68557.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_181/raw/doc_181_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_181/raw/doc_181_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e5c338d6aa5e53071c45404c7aaf67b802f7ba74..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_181/raw/doc_181_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,371 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Context & Background\n\nTimely, disaggregated data and contextual information related to populations on the move, stranded, or seeking\nasylum, is imperative to a well-informed, well-managed, protection sensitive and collective response across\ninternational borders, governments and regions. The Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and the Global\nCompacts on Migration and Refugees call upon all states to implement well-managed migration and refugee\nprotection policies. To support states in meeting these obligations, there are increasing calls for stronger and\nmore comprehensive data, analysis and actionable information to ensure that vulnerable groups, including\nmigrants and refugees overall, as well as children, are not \u201cleft behind\u201d in policy and operational responses.\n\nIn 2015, an increasing number of people risked their lives to cross the Mediterranean Sea in search of safety and\nbetter lives. An effective coordinated response was needed to support the humanitarian community in making\ninformed decisions in timely manners. Refugees and migrants arriving on the three Mediterranean Routes\nirregularly and then taking their journeys onward to their preferred destination countries posed significant\nchallenges both for host governments, as well as humanitarian agencies, to understand their profile, protection\nneeds and to respond in coordinated manners.\n\nTo respond to those challenges and to fulfil the information needs of the humanitarian community for evidencebased decision-making, a Regional Information Management Working Group (RIMWG) was established. Co\u2013\nchaired by IOM, UNICEF and UNCHR, the fist RIMWG meeting was held in December 2015 in Geneva. The\npurpose of the RIMWG was to coordinate information management activities at the inter-agency level, exchange\nand harmonise datasets in mixed migration flows, and build IM capacities in each agency for further\ncollaboration. The overarching objectives of the RIMWG was to support the humanitarian community with\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "relevant information in interagency coordination and response, as well as to support evidence-based policy\nmaking.\n\n# RIMWG Workshop\n\nA day and half (21- 22 November 2018) inter-agency workshop on information management was organized at\nthe IOM regional office in Vienna. The workshop was a first of its kind forum, bringing together regional and\ncountry IM/M&E focal points from UNICEF, UNHCR and IOM. A participant from Regional IFRC Office for Europe\nalso attended.\n\n\nThe main objectives of the workshop were to take stock of information management practices, IM products and\nother best practices in the Europe refugee and migrant response. The workshop also served the purpose of\nfacilitating networking and lateral exchange from within and between European countries who are involved in\ndata collection and situation monitoring. The workshop also proved to be an opportunity for IM and M&E focal\npoints to take stock of the regional experiences on information management and to take away lessons learned\non the interagency approaches and use those to enhance partnerships and coordination at country level\n[wherever feasible. The workshop agenda can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/b/s!AhTINn6rKz_dn08vFhdMFemQZpum)\n\n# Discussion topics\n\nTo facilitate effective discussions, knowledge sharing and peer learning, the workshop was developed in a\nparticipatory approach, allowing colleagues to highlighting promising practices and experiences from their\ncountry contexts. They were also divided into groups to carry out exercises in interactive ways to ensure\nmaximum engagement and results. Based on the workshop agenda, the following topics were discussed:\n## 1. Data Collection: The objective of this session was to map existing areas of collaboration, identify\n\nsynergies and define a broader, longer-term framework for collaboration, adapting to potential changes in\nthe European context. Data collection tools and systems such as the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM),\nBorder Protection Monitoring (BPM), specific needs assessments and Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey\n(MICS) - were discussed to understand their functionality and applications for future use for collecting\ninformation on refugee and migrant populations in Europe. The session also provided an opportunity for\nparticipants to map out who collects what type of data, where such data is collected (i.e. locations), what\ntools and strategies are used for data collection, and overall to collaborate for better data collection\n[strategies. Materials from this session can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/p/s!AhTINn6rKz_dmmgjd6lzJlTWdO3M)\n\n## 2. Data Analysis: The purpose of this session was to share experience, challenges and best practices on\n\nexisting joint data analysis and collaboration (including engagement with national authorities), and/or\nidentify areas/topics where joint analysis could be beneficial. Limitations such as available resources (both\ntechnical and human capacity), political factors (government institutes less willing to share data) and lack\nof granularities of data (age/gender disaggregation, UASC breakdown for instance) were also highlighted\nboth in discussions and through presentations. In addition, during the group exercises, further\nopportunities were explored to strengthen existing efforts on joint analysis - to benefit the organization\n[with better IM products as a result of such efforts. Materials from this session can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/f/s!AhTINn6rKz_dmlECTRpDqpoxXqgw)\n\n\nSome good examples highlighted in this session included:\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9986506104469299, - "start": 322, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.997840166091919, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9356165528297424, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant populations", - "confidence": 0.9316410422325134, - "start": 363, - "end": 367 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Border Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8842931389808655, - "start": 329, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "BPM", - "confidence": 0.8111188411712646, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant populations", - "confidence": 0.5240258574485779, - "start": 363, - "end": 367 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "specific needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.7432787418365479, - "start": 336, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "BPM", - "confidence": 0.5323436856269836, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age/gender disaggregation", - "confidence": 0.7863317728042603, - "start": 515, - "end": 519 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC breakdown", - "confidence": 0.5578311085700989, - "start": 520, - "end": 522 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Research on the situation of refugee and migrant children turning 18 in Italy** : joint initiative\nby IOM, UNCHR and UNICEF.\n\n - **Information management system for the placement of refugee and migrant UASC in Greece** :\nUNCEF support to EKKA aiming at building government capacity to manage data as part of case\nmanagement and placement into accommodation for UASC.\n\n - **MIRA - Interagency needs assessments in Bosnia and Herzegovina:** needs assessments\nundertaken by the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), which proved to be a useful tool to\nidentify needs and inform the planning and coordination by the UN agencies.\n\n## 3. Data Gaps: Building on previous sessions, this one allowed participants to discuss and identify key data\n\ngaps that hinder UN and government ability to respond to the needs of refugee and migrant populations.\nCountry IM focal points therefore discussed solutions and possible initiatives that could address these gaps\nthrough interagency approaches, using comparative strengths and capacity both at country and regional\n[level. Materials from this session can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/f/s!AhTINn6rKz_dmklyIXUxcz5NV7EJ)\n\n\nKey data gaps highlighted during the session could be grouped around:\n\n\n - **Irregular population movements (and especially secondary population movements), presence**\n**of unregistered refugees/migrants and push-backs at borders:** common across Turkey,\nBulgaria, Greece, Italy and the Western Balkans. The overall lack of common framework on the\ndata collection methodologies in the Balkans region has led to silos approaches when it comes\nto data analysis.\n\n - **Disaggregated demographic data, specifically on children and especially UASC** : common across\nBiH, Turkey, Serbia, Spain and Italy. Secondary movements in the EU pose additional challenges\nfor integration planning and understanding specific protection needs for programming.\n\n - **Vulnerabilities and access to services such as education and health:** mostly in the Western\nBalkans.\n\n - **Voluntary and forced returns** : specific to Spain and Italy.\n\n[Throughout these three sessions, a prioritization matrix (see here) was used to facilitate the group-work and to](https://1drv.ms/u/s!AhTINn6rKz_dn01e5nuaShMOKtCZ)\nmap out datasets collected and analyzed at the country level, as well as identify data gaps. Categories such as\n\u2018Difficult\u2019 to \u2018Easy\u2019 and \u2018Quite Important\u2019 to \u2018Critical\u2019 used in the matrix to sort group outputs. Short summary of\n[main data gaps and priorities per country can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/w/s!AhTINn6rKz_dn1Ij1BiVksF8ZQd5)\n## 4. Partnership: Noting multiple stakeholders (including a number of EU institutions) are involved in data\n\ncollection and/or analysis on migration, partnerships and engagement with such actors were discussed to\nenhance not only collaboration and build expertise on methodologies, but also influence partners\u2019 data\ncollection in a context of ever shrinking funding opportunities. The UNICEF-UNHCR Recommendations to the\nEU on the improvement of data on children in migration were brought as a concrete example of advocacy\nefforts that can help address key data gaps in EU MS, as well as other neighbouring countries. Materials from\n[this session can be found here.](https://1drv.ms/f/s!AhTINn6rKz_dmlIDFkHLg8ZCwS30)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information management system", - "confidence": 0.7997543215751648, - "start": 31, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5781856775283813, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7073783874511719, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.6133574843406677, - "start": 8, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disaggregated demographic data", - "confidence": 0.6620265245437622, - "start": 291, - "end": 294 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Balkans region", - "confidence": 0.5038354396820068, - "start": 274, - "end": 276 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees/migrants", - "confidence": 0.6535511612892151, - "start": 237, - "end": 240 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "prioritization matrix", - "confidence": 0.7703163623809814, - "start": 380, - "end": 382 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on children in migration", - "confidence": 0.8808303475379944, - "start": 536, - "end": 541 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF-UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8635693192481995, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Key take-aways**\n\n\n - _All agencies possess knowledge, expertise and experience that, when brought together, can address_\n_many of the bottlenecks and challenges individual agencies face in their daily work._\n\n - _Engagement with government authorities to provide technical support \u2013 if/ when needed \u2013 should be_\n_looked at as a solution to addressing many of the current data gaps- e.g. demographic profile of new_\n_arrivals, including UASC, and people in reception facilities._\n\n - _The regional IM working group can provide a platform to discuss any country-related challenges and_\n_identity solutions to strengthen knowledge generation and evidence-based decision-making._\n\n - _There is a strong need for further data harmonization to improve situation monitoring and response using_\n_consistent information in timely manner. This implies building stronger partnership with Government_\n_authorities and key European institutions. It also requires UN agencies and other partners working more_\n_together on methodologies for data collection and validation, building on their respective expertise and_\n_capacities._\n# **Interagency IM Priorities for 2019**\n\nBased on discussions and interactive sessions during the workshop, the following priorities were agreed upon\nwith participants for 2019:\n## 1. Improve quality of data: Through new and existing partnerships, advocacy and technical support to\n\ngovernment authorities improve disaggregation of data on arrivals, as well as refugees and migrants present.\nAgencies involved in site profiles, vulnerabilities assessments and needs assessments to streamline activities by\ndesigning joint data collection tools and joint products.\n\n## 2. Stronger inter-agency coordination at country level : Agencies should aim at establishing formal\n\nor informal IMWG at country level (or use other already existing forums) to facilitate data sharing among the\nhumanitarian community, to share good practices and knowledge on methodologies and tools and help respond\nto the information needs of the responders, donors, research and academia.\n\n## 3. More internal information sharing: There was a shared interest to improve internal information/data\n\nsharing among the three agencies. This should also include better contingency planning at the country level and\nearly warning on arrivals, emerging migration routes, etc. Agencies should also aim towards joint data analysis\nto support coordination and response activities. To address concerns over internal data sharing, the regional\nIMWG shall conduct an analysis of respective data protection and sharing policies and provide guidance to\ncountry staff from all three agencies on best ways to do so.\n\n## 4. Capacity Building: IM focal points require additional support to build their capacity and that of government\n\ncounterparts; UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM regional focal points will compile and share with COs training materials\nand courses existing within agencies that can benefit others. Whenever possible, in-person trainings undertaken\nby individual agencies could be expanded to invite participants from other sister agencies.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8210030198097229, - "start": 237, - "end": 240 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Participants\u2019 feedback**\n\nAt the end of the workshop, participants were asked to provide their feedback \u2013 an opportunity to provide\nspecific comments or questions, and describe how the workshop can support them in their IM work, or identify\nother areas in which they could need further support. All participants found the workshop very useful.\n\n\nThe key feedback points which the RIMWG will follow up on further with the IM community in Europe include:\n\n\n - assisting in the implementation of strategies for identifying data gaps at country level;\n\n - identifying efficient data collection methodologies;\n\n - encouraging internal data sharing and collaboration;\n\n - facilitating best practices exchange (tools, strategies, partnerships);\n\n - reinforcing country level advocacy for inter-agency collaboration;\n\n - developing joint data products with harmonized datasets;\n\n - conducting regular workshops to provide a platform for further exchange and cross-fertilization of ideas\nand knowledge on thematic areas of common interest.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "harmonized datasets", - "confidence": 0.8403072953224182, - "start": 143, - "end": 145 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "RIMWG", - "confidence": 0.7186495661735535, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8643852472305298, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IM community", - "confidence": 0.5458083748817444, - "start": 79, - "end": 81 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Annexes**\n# Participants\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Agency|Name|Email|Title|Country|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
UNHCR|

James Leon Dufour
|

leondufo@unhcr.org


|

Information
management officer

|
Switzerland|\n|
UNHCR
|

Javed Khan

|

KHANJAV@unhcr.org


|

Information
management officer

|
Switzerland|\n|
UNHCR

|


Guido Vittorio Di
Gioacchino
|

DIGIOACC@unhcr.org


|

Senior data
management assistant
|
Italy|\n|

UNHCR|


Bekim Kajtazi
|

kajtazi@unhcr.org


|
Information
management officer

|
Greece|\n|
UNHCR|

Jorge Andres Galvez
|

andresga@unhcr.org


|

Information
management assistant

|
Spain
|\n|
UNHCR|

Dorijan Klasni\u0107
|

KLASNIC@unhcr.org


|
Associate information
management/PI officer


|

Bosnia and
Herzegovina|\n|
UNHCR
|

Aleksandar Naskov

|

NASKOV@unhcr.org


|

Information
management associate
|

The fYR Macedonia|\n|
UNHCR

|


Vera Dragovic-
O'Donnell
|

DRAGOVIC@unhcr.org


|
Information
management associate
|
Serbia|\n|

UNHCR|


Stoycho Kitaev
|

kitaev@unhcr.org


|
Protection field
assistant

|
Bulgaria|\n|
UNHCR|

Levent Eksi
|

eksi@unhcr.org


|

Associate information
management officer

|
Turkey|\n|
UNHCR
|

Gabriel Mathieu


|

MATHIEU@unhcr.org



|

Information
management officer


|
Balkans region
|\n|
UNHCR
|

Mikhail Agorastakis


|

agorasta@unhcr.org




|

Information
Management
Associate

|
Greece
|\n|UNICEF|Polat Kizildag
|
pkizildag@unicef.org

|
Child Protection Officer
|Turkey|\n|
UNICEF
|

Neeraj Malhotra

|

nmalhotra@unicef.org


|
Emergency Monitoring
and Evaluation
Specialist
|
Turkey|\n|
UNICEF

|


Ioannis
Papachristodoulou
|

ipapachristodoulou@unicef.org
|

Monitoring Specialist
|
Greece|\n|

UNICEF|


Antoniya Seizova
|
aseizova@unicef.org


|
Refugee and Migrant
Response Coordinator

|
Bulgaria
|\n|
UNICEF|

Danijela Alijagi\u0107
|

dalijagic@unicef.org


|
Monitoring and
Evaluation Specialist


|
Bosnia and
Herzegovina|\n|
UNICEF|

Tsvetomira Bidart
|

tbidart@unicef.org



|

Regional Knowledge
Management
Specialist-Migration

|
Switzerland|\n|
UNICEF|

Eduard Bonet Porqueras|

ebonet@unicef.org


|

Regional Monitoring
and Evaluation
Specialist
|
Switzerland|\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|IOM IOM|Kristina Uzelac Ivona Todorovska|kuzelac@iom.int izakoska@iom.int|DTM Officer Regional DTM Officer|RO Vienna RO Vienna|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|

IOM
|

Ivona Todorovska
|

izakoska@iom.int

|

Regional DTM Officer
|
RO Vienna|\n|

IOM
|

Laura Bartolini
|

lbartolini@iom.int


|
DTM and Research
Focal Point

|
Italy|\n|

IOM


|

Ana Dodevska


|

adodevska@iom.int



|

Program Officer/DTM
Focal Point for Spain


|
Spain
|\n|

IOM


|

Bekim Ajdini


|

bajdini@iom.int


|

DTM Program Officer


|
Turkey
|\n|

IOM
|

Mariya Samuilova
|

msamuilova@iom.int

|

Project officer

|
Bulgaria
|\n|

IOM
|

Irma Sadikovi\u0107
|

isadikovic@iom.int

|

Project Coordinator

|
Bosnia and
Herzegovina|\n|

IOM
|

Yousra Bashir
|
ybashir@iom.int


|
Intern, DTM Analytics,
Knowledge and Output
|
London|\n|

IOM
|

Marko Perovi\u0107
|

mperovic@iom.int


|
Project Officer
(Protection)

|
Serbia|\n|

IOM


|

Vicky Giannakoura


|

vgiannakoura@iom.int



|

Project Coordinator
Assistant


|
Greece
|\n|

IOM


|

Christine Nikolaidou


|

cnikolaidou@iom.int


|

Media Assistant


|
Greece
|\n|

IOM
|

Angel Hristov
|

ahristov@iom.int

|

Project Assistant

|
the fYR of Macedonia|\n|

IFRC

|

Federica Mastroianni
|

federica.mastroianni@ifrc.org

|

Regional IM Delegate,
IFRCT Office for Europe|
RO Budapest|\n|

Data
Nirvana
|

Edgar Scrase
|

edgar@datanirvana.org
|
Consultant
|
Switzerland|\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f7c595-b58f-3533-a345-f3fdc9525bb5/68582.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_182/raw/doc_182_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_182/raw/doc_182_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8e393e04ef6326e5a19d3d22ddd75f5f0b1f851e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_182/raw/doc_182_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,326 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n### **3RP \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|\u0629\u0628\u0633\u0646
% \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627|\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a \u064a\u0630\u0644\u0627
)\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u0631\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0628(|\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627
)\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u0631\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0628(|\n|---|---|---|\n|**63 %**|**3,017,769,634**|**4,768,591,616**|\n|**63 %**|**446,873,761**|**710,600,685**|\n|**16 %**|**20,521,970**|**129,759,209**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 2.68 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u06441.40( 2018 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u064552 * \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\n\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 LCRP( \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\n) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.3RP( \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.606928288936615, - "start": 177, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5997148752212524, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7160060405731201, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7896573543548584, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0640\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0640\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627", - "confidence": 0.7531182765960693, - "start": 71, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n### **3RP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629**\n\n\n. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 3RP \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\n\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627\n\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2018 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\n\n\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645", - "confidence": 0.6864274740219116, - "start": 229, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644\u062f", - "confidence": 0.5153724551200867, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5439992547035217, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06453RP \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 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\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_Mediterranean_
_Sea_
_The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not_|**L E B A**
**9 4 8, 8**
**Beirut**
North
Mount
Lebanon
Bekaa
Beirut
South
Lebanon
El Nabatieh
_ imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._|** N O N**
**S Y R I A N A R A B**
**R E P U B L I C**
** 4 9**
Akkar
Hermel/Baalbek

20km
**National capital**
**International Boundary**
**Boundary of former Palestine Mandate**
syr_polbnd_l_adm1_1m

0 - 50,000
50,001 - 200,000
>= 200,001
\u00af
**Syrian Refugee Populaton**|\n|_Mediterranean_
_Sea_
_The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not_|||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06462.68 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u06441.40( 2018 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u064552 * \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\n) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.3RP( \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n2018 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 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\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646250 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\n\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.250 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644\n\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n\n:\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0641 / \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a / \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0631\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 / \u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\n\n\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629:\nhttp://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b71a6115-71b0-3481-9338-bd06d99bd0b8/68645.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_183/raw/doc_183_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_183/raw/doc_183_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d5daf3697b42ba0a907f9c1922e056f73d9d7963..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_183/raw/doc_183_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,204 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Innovative Education Approach-** **Connected/Blended Learning for Refugees**\n\n## **April 2019**\n\n**Introduction**\n[As part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 2018 Global compact on refugees](https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf)\nwhich paved the way forward to ensure an \u201cinclusive and equitable quality education\u201d and to promote\n\u201clifelong learning opportunities for all\u201d, UNHCR continues to explore innovative approaches to ensure\ngreater access to quality higher education for refugees. In the MENA region, UNHCR and UNESCO\n[co-hosted \u201cThe Regional Conference on Higher Education in Crisis Situations\u201d held in Sharm El](http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Beirut/HIGHEREDUCATION_01.pdf)\nSheikh, Egypt in 2017 towards achieving the objective of a more accessible education.\n\nIn Jordan, several initiatives have been launched recently to find ways to strengthen the Connected\nLearning approaches to benefit both Jordanians and displaced communities in the Kingdom. Key\namong them is the Connected Learning in Crisis Consortium (CLCC), co-led by UNHCR and the\nUniversity of Geneva (InZone), which aims to promote, coordinate, and support the provision of quality\nhigher education in contexts of conflict, crisis and displacement through a blended learning approach\nthat combines face-to-face and online learning. In December 2018, CLCC, together with the Ministry\nof Higher Education (MoHE) organized the first \u201cRound-Table for Connected Learning in Jordan\u201d.\nRecommendations of this roundtable helped in drawing seeds for a future road map in the field on\nconnected learning by establishing strong global and national partnerships with key international and\nnational academic institutions.\n\nSpecifically, to fulfil the basic requirements for an accessible community-based education, UNHCR is\nestablishing some 10 Community Learning and Innovation Hubs throughout Jordan in order to provide\nrefugee youth with high quality post basic education pathways. [The first of these centres was](https://twitter.com/UNHCRJordan/status/1110870637533368326)\n[inaugurated in Amman on 27/03/2019, in partnership between UNHCR, Google, Johud and Learning](https://twitter.com/UNHCRJordan/status/1110870637533368326)\nEquality.\n\n**What is Connected Learning/ Blended Learning?**\n**Connected Learning** is an approach to education in which learners pursue their personal interests\nwith the support of peers, mentors, and caring adults, and in ways that open up opportunities for them.\nConnected learning puts progressive, experiential, and learner-centered approaches at the center of\ntechnology-enhanced learning.\n\n**Blended Learning** is a brand-new approach which is currently used for technology integration in\nproviding education courses, and it refers to an approach that mixes both traditional face-to-face\nlearning and e-learning.\n\n**Benefits of Connected / Blended Learning**\n\n\n~~[Type here]~~\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7723478-9b13-389d-ab31-e2e5ea932033/68786.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\nIn addition to flexibility and the reduction of time and cost, there are other benefits of the blended\nlearning (from the students\u2019 perspective) according to the small-scale research that was conducted\nby the University of Jordan, as follows:\n\n - It has the potential to involve different learning styles to enhance the learning experience and\nthe quality of the students\u2019 education.\n\n - It is not restricted to a specific place and time.\n\n - Students can study at their own pace and speed.\n\n**UNHCR and Connected/ Blended Learning in Jordan**\nIn partnership with UNHCR national partner \u201cJOHUD\u201d, a blended learning program was launched to\noffer secondary and tertiary online courses through an educational platform supported by face-to-face\ninstructions through facilitators in three community centers in Jordan (Amman, Irbid, and Mafraq).\n\n\n_A Connected Learning Hub in Jordan \u00a9UNHCR / Mohammad Hawari_\n\n**Consultations with Persons of Concern (POCs)**\nIn order to examine the attitudes and perceptions of PoCs to blended/ connected learning, UNHCR\nhas conducted its own small-scale consultations with beneficiaries.\n\n**Methodology**\nTen Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in July and November2018. Seven FGDs\nwere conducted in July with 275 refugees from different age groups who have never been enrolled in\nany Connected Learning approach, while some of them have experience with online courses. The\nFGDs were conducted in 7 different locations in Jordan: AlKarak, Sahab, Nuzha, Madaba, Salt, Zarqa,\nand Azraq. The other three FGDs were conducted in November with 26 participants who were\nenrolled in CL program(s). The majority of the participants were refugees (85%) along with Jordanian\nyouth. The 3 FGDs were conducted in 3 different locations: Mafraq, Amman, and Irbid. In all FGDs, a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "small-scale research", - "confidence": 0.7724741697311401, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8447698950767517, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.6118348240852356, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6246801018714905, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.6456735134124756, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.92454993724823, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9857696294784546, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mafraq", - "confidence": 0.7219215035438538, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Jordanian\nyouth", - "confidence": 0.6363416910171509, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7723478-9b13-389d-ab31-e2e5ea932033/68786.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\nquestionnaire was designed to reflect the participants\u2019 experience with online courses and CL. The\ntable below presents the participants\u2019 different responses.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|-|Focus Group Discussions
(FGDs) in July 2018|Focus Group Discussions
(FGDs) in November 2018|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Awareness of \u201cconnected**
**learning\u201d approach**|49%|54%|\n|
**Defining the CL approach**|\u201cLearning, studying, or
researching a subject and
gaining new knowledge and
skills using the internet\u201d.
|\u201clearning through the
internet and taking online
courses using electronic
devices\u201d|\n|**The percentage of those who**
**completed online courses**|25%|77%|\n|**The percentage of those who**
**found the courses helpful**|92%|85%|\n|**Preferred language of**
**instruction**|Arabic (58%)|English (77%)|\n|**Courses of interest**|English language courses,
Math, and Arabic|English language courses,
computer science, and
foreign languages|\n\n\n**Refugee and Jordanian Youth Reflection Regarding Certificate Accreditation**\n35% of November FGDs\u2019 participants believe that the certificates they obtained after completing the\non-line courses are accredited as they are issued by international institutions, 30% believe that the\ndegrees are not recognized, and 35% do not know as they have not tried to use any certificate to\npursue their education or to apply for a job. E-learning is valuable for those who missed out on years\nof education or who experience interruptions in their formal education. Access to online learning can\nbridge the gap in preparing the learners for post basic education.\n\n**Challenges**\nSome of the obstacles that learners face while studying online/through a CL approach are: intermittent\ninternet connection, high English level needed, lacking of PCs, lack of accreditation for the soft-copy\ncertificates, difficulty of content, and limited course offerings.\n\n**Recommendations for the Way Forward**\n\n1. Always offer English language and computer skills as preparatory on-line modules as these\n\ntwo skills are mandatory in most online courses.\n\n2. Combine face to face coaching by instructors as well as peer interaction for it proved achieving\n\nsuccessful connected learning results.\n\n3. Provide learners\u2019 original stamped hard-copy certificates once they complete the on-line\n\ncourses.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.7876560688018799, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.6831052303314209, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7023539543151855, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.8999451994895935, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8689355254173279, - "start": 29, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7853464484214783, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5957127809524536, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.6786451935768127, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7723478-9b13-389d-ab31-e2e5ea932033/68786.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n4. Recognize and accredit Certificates will help in terms of job searching or when pursue\n\neducation in colleges and universities inside and outside Jordan.\n\n5. Offer courses in different and various majors and aspects (academic and non-academic\n\ncourses), and not to be limited to particular majors.\n\n6. Offer courses that are related to different life skills (communication and interpersonal skills,\n\ncritical thinking, decision making and problem solving, in addition to courses that show the\nlearners how to engage in a new community).\n\n7. Counselling provision before the students\u2019 enrolment in on-line courses to explain clearly the\n\npurpose of the courses, recognition and accreditation aspects for pursuing education and\napplying for jobs and what future opportunities it will provide.\n\n\n8. Offering online courses that consist of intermediate and advanced level.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\nTaking into consideration the obstacles and the challenges that refugees encounter in e-learning,\nUNHCR seeks to find sustainable solutions for various problems, such as offering offline educational\nplatforms, and collaborating with leading satellite operators to provide internet access solutions for\nurban and rural areas where CL programs will be implemented. As observed in FGDs,\nBlended/Connected learning is making a positive impact on the learners' educational pathway and\ntheir future life prospects, while providing flexibility and accessibility. Also, Blended/Connected\nlearning can open employment opportunities for refugees to work as facilitators in various CL\nprograms, by developing and utilizing their educational capacities and skills. Greater demand and\ninterest in blended learning opportunities by the refugee community in Jordan is anticipated.\n\n\nContacts\n\n - [Francesco Bert, Senior External Relations Officer: bert@unhcr.org](mailto:bert@unhcr.org)\n\n - [Zeina Jadaan, Associate Protection Officer: jadaan@unhcr.org](mailto:jadaan@unhcr.org)\n\n[For more information, please visit UNHCR Data Portal.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/search?country=36&country_1=0&text=&type%5B%5D=link&type%5B%5D=news&type%5B%5D=highlight&type%5B%5D=document&type%5B%5D=needs_assessment&type%5B%5D=dataviz&partner=§or=&date_from=&date_to=&country_json=%7B%220%22%3A%2236%22%7D§or_json=%7B%220%22%3A%22%22%7D&apply=)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7723478-9b13-389d-ab31-e2e5ea932033/68786.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_184/raw/doc_184_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_184/raw/doc_184_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7d95312150875796cf2222b116bdb86b644be62b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_184/raw/doc_184_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,460 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Inter-Agency Advisory Group on AIDS (IAAG) 12 January, 2004 **Twentieth Meeting**\n\n**UNHCR, Geneva, 9-10 February 2004**\n\n### **HIV/AIDS among Conflict-Affected and Displaced Populations:** **Dispelling Myths and Taking Action**\n\n\n**SUMMARY**\n\nConflict, displacement, food insecurity and poverty make affected populations more vulnerable to\nHIV transmission. However, the common assumption that this vulnerability _necessarily_\ntranslates into more HIV infections and consequently fuels the HIV/AIDS epidemic is not\nsupported by data. Whether or not conflict and displacement affect HIV transmission depends\nupon numerous competing and interacting factors. This paper further explores and explains the\nepidemiology of HIV/AIDS in conflict.\n\nThere are some unique characteristics that must be specifically addressed when planning and\nimplementing HIV/AIDS interventions among populations affected by conflict as compared with\nthose in resource poor settings. These issues in the areas of protection, vulnerable groups,\nprogramming, coordination and integration are discussed throughout this article. Frameworks for\nassessment, monitoring and evaluation are provided to improve standardisation and comparability\nof HIV/AIDS interventions and their effectiveness among conflict-affected populations over time\nas well as among different conflict settings. Areas for future HIV/AIDS operational research in\nconflict are provided.\n\nRecommendations in this paper are limited to those that are actionable and targeted primarily at\nthe United Nations System and specifically at members of the IAAG. These include 1) Field\ntesting and evaluating the newly developed guidelines for HIV/AIDS interventions in emergency\nsettings as well as developing actions sheets for the other phases of emergencies in the guidelines;\n2) Including conflicted-affected and displaced populations in national HIV/AIDS strategic plans,\nproposals and interventions; 3) Implementing pilot projects for comprehensive HIV/AIDS\ninterventions among such populations; and 4) Holding of a multi-stakeholder \u2018HIV/AIDS and\nConflict\u2019 meeting in 2004 to address these and other issues raised in this paper. The IAAG is\nrequested to consider the actions proposed in the recommendations section, to amend as\nnecessary, and then to agree and to adopt them as they see fit.\n\nThis paper was written and presented by Dr. Paul B. Spiegel, Senior HIV/AIDS Technical Officer, Health\nand Community Development Section, Division of Operational Support, United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees, 9 February 2004.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**INTRODUCTION**\n\nConflict, displacement, food insecurity and poverty have the potential to make affected\npopulations more vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The United\nNations (UN) General Assembly (UNGASS) passed the Declaration of Commitment on\nHIV/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in June 2001, stating that \u201cpopulations\ndestabilised by armed conflict\u2026.including refugees, internally displaced persons, and in\nparticular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d.1 However,\nthe common assumption that this vulnerability _necessarily_ translates into more HIV infections\nand consequently fuels the HIV/AIDS epidemic is not supported by data. Whether or not conflict\nand displacement affect HIV transmission depends upon numerous competing and interacting\nfactors.\n\nSince the end of the cold war, armed conflicts, defined as open, armed clashes between two or\nmore centrally organised parties, with continuity between the clashes, in disputes about power\nover government and territory,2 have changed from being primarily interstate to intrastate. Of the\n118 armed conflicts in over 80 states that occurred worldwide from 1990 to 1999, 10 (9%) can be\ndefined as interstate conflicts while 100 (85%) were primarily or exclusively internal conflicts.\nThe war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was the only multi-state armed conflict in\nthe 1990s. This increase in intrastate armed conflict brings new challenges to the international\ncommunity as issues of sovereignty are involved and consequently access to affected populations\nmay be reduced (e.g. Chechnya).\n\nHundreds of millions of persons are currently affected worldwide by armed conflict, both directly\nand indirectly. Conflict sends people fleeing to seek refuge either within their own country as\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs) or across an international border to become refugees. By the\nend of 2002, there were approximately 40 million displaced persons globally; 15 million\nrefugees [3,4] and 25 million IDPs. [5] Many other persons are affected by the devastating\nconsequences of conflict while remaining in their homes, however, their numbers are not known.\n\nSub Saharan Africa (SSA) is disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, poverty and\narmed conflict. In areas with high HIV prevalence and conflict, such as in SSA, HIV/AIDS may\nact as a double edged sword. The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS during conflict is complicated, but\nconflict has been shown to be associated with several factors that render affected populations\nmore vulnerable to HIV transmission. In addition, HIV/AIDS may reduce the coping\nmechanisms and resilience of populations affected by conflicts. While persons affected by\nconflict do not necessarily have high HIV prevalence rates, they are inextricably linked to any\nsuccessful effort to combat the catastrophic epidemic and must be included in all HIV/AIDS\nprogramming.6 Forced migrant populations have complex interactions with various communities\nand high risk groups with who they come into contact (figure 1).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 1: Possible Forced Migration in Conflict Situations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||**Conflict-**
**affected**
**population**
Border|**Conflict-**
**affected**
**population**
Border||\n||**Return**|**Refugees**||\n||~~**IDPs**~~
Host
~~community~~
**Repatriation**|~~**IDPs**~~
Host
~~community~~
**Repatriation**||\n||Interactions with other linked populations:
Host
~~community~~|Interactions with other linked populations:
Host
~~community~~||\n||~~-armed forces/peacekeeper~~
|~~-armed forces/peacekeeper~~
||\n||
-sex workers|
-sex workers||\n\n\n\n(Spiegel P, UNHCR; Brennan R, IRC)\n\n**HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIOLOGY**\n\nThe complex relationship between HIV/AIDS and conflict is still not well described. Many\nrecent publications have asserted that conflict is directly associated with an increase in\nHIV/AIDS transmission.7-12 One paper even claimed that women are six times more likely to\ncontract HIV in a refugee camp than the general population outside of the camp. 13 However,\nwhen one examines available data, the picture is not so simple or uniform. It must be clearly\nrecognised at the outset that collecting data during and after conflict is difficult and fraught with\nbiases. [14,15] Therefore, analysis and interpretation of these data must be undertaken carefully and\nbiases clearly stated.\n\nFactors that increase conflict affected and forced migrant populations vulnerability are well\ndocumented.7,16-18 These include breakdown in social structures, lack of income and basic needs,\nsexual violence and abuse, and lack of health infrastructure and education. However, factors that\nmay decrease HIV transmission in such situations are rarely considered. These include reduced\nmobility and accessibility (e.g. destroyed infrastructure reducing travel to high prevalence urban\nareas, displacement to remote locations and surviving in the \u201cbush\u201d) and in the case of many\nrefugee camps, improved protection, health, education, and social services. Finally, all of this is\ndependent upon the HIV prevalence among the affected community pre-conflict, the HIV\nprevalence among the surrounding community for those who have been displaced, exposure to\nviolence during conflict and flight, and the level of interaction between the two communities.\nComplicating these factors are the duration of the conflict and the length of time the displaced\npopulation has resided in a particular camp (figure 2). The former may keep persons isolated and\ninaccessible for years while the latter, depending upon the camps location, may have the same\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "result. Furthermore, long term post emergency refugee camps generally have better preventive\nand curative health services than the surrounding local populations.19\n\n**Figure 2: HIV Risk Factors for Conflict and Displaced Persons Camps**\n\n# **Key Factors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|\u2022 Area of origin HIV prevalence
\u2022 Surrounding host population (pop.) HIV prevalence
\u2022 Length of time: conflict, existence of camp|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||\n|~~**Increased Risk**~~|~~**Increased Risk**~~|~~**Increased Risk**~~|~~**Decreased Risk**~~|~~**Decreased Risk**~~|~~**Decreased Risk**~~|~~**Decreased Risk**~~|\n|~~\u2022~~
~~Behavioural change~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Behavioural change~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Behavioural change~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in mobility~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in mobility~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in mobility~~


|~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in mobility~~


|\n||~~\u2022~~
~~Gender violence/~~
transactional sex|||~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in~~
accessibility|~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in~~
accessibility||\n||~~\u2022~~
~~Reduction in resources~~
|||~~\u2022~~
~~Increase in resources~~
|~~\u2022~~
~~Increase in resources~~
||\n||~~and services(e.g. health,~~
education, community
services, protection, food)|||~~and services in host~~
country|~~and services in host~~
country||\n\n\n\n(Spiegel P, UNHCR, 2003)\n\nAn analysis of available data has made it possible to describe several different scenarios in which\nthe relationship between HIV/AIDS and conflict presents different epidemiological patterns:\n\n**i.** **Prolonged Conflict Retarding the Progression of HIV**\nPopulation-based HIV behavioural and biological surveillance surveys from the Centers\nfor Disease Control and Prevention have shown lower than expected HIV prevalence\nrates in Sierra Leone (0.9% in accessible areas covering 79% of the population and\nSouthern Sudan (2.3% HIV prevalence among pregnant women in antenatal clinics in\nboth Yei and Rumbeck)20,21 These HIV prevalence rates are lower than all of the\nsurrounding countries, respectively, many of which have not been in conflict. Prior to\nthese studies, both Sierra Leone and Southern Sudan had been in a protracted conflict\nsituations for many years. Part of their populations were often isolated for long periods of\ntime as accessibility and mobility were severely limited. Low HIV prevalence rates\nrelative to surrounding countries have also been reported in Angola, another country that\nendured decades of civil war.22\nAlthough sexual violence was reportedly high throughout all three wars, especially in\nSierra Leone, the relatively low prevalence of the virus among the pre-war populations\nand possibly the paramilitaries may not have been sufficient to accelerate the HIV\ninfection among the entire population. Although sexual violence increases HIV\ntransmission because of increased lacerations, the pre-requisite that the assailant(s) must\nbe HIV positive remains. Furthermore, the number of persons raped who then become\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIV positive must be compared to the total number of persons in the country to estimate\nhow these horrific acts will affect the HIV incidence and prevalence in a country.\n\n**ii.** **Conflict Increasing the Progression of HIV**\nIncreases in HIV infection among the general population in Eastern DRC (HIV\nprevalence between 15-24%), primarily due to massive sexual violence by paramilitary\ngroups as well as foreign militaries (e.g. Rwanda, Uganda) and a breakdown of health\nservices, have been reported. 23,24 However, given the current instability in Eastern DRC,\nthe quality of the data in these studies can be challenged.\nIn another scenario, there is concern that if the instability in the Ivory Coast continues\nand a large refugee crisis ensues, the HIV infection rates may increase in the surrounding\nhost countries due to the influx. Ivory Coast had known stability and relative prosperity in\nWest Africa for decades. Unfortunately, it also has a higher HIV prevalence than the\ncountries surrounding it (e.g. Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso; the prevalence of HIV in\nLiberia is not know).25\n\n**iii.** **HIV in Refugee Camp Situations**\nOn average, refugees come from countries in conflict and move to more stable host\ncountries with higher HIV prevalence rates (figure 3). However, this is contextual, and\neach situation must be analysed independently and conclusions drawn accordingly.\n\n**Figure 3: HIV Prevalence by Asylum Country and Country of Origin by Region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Country of Asylum|Col2|\n|---|---|\n||~~**Country of Origin**~~|\n\n\n|7
6
ence*
5|Col2|Country of Asylum|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***||||~~**Country of Origin**~~|~~**Country of Origin**~~|~~**Country of Origin**~~|~~**Country of Origin**~~|~~**Country of Origin**~~|\n|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|||||||||\n|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|||||||||\n|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|**5**
**6**
**7**
** ence***|||||||||\n|**4**
** al**||||||||||\n|**2**
**3**
**HIV prev**||||||||||\n|**0**
**1**||||||||||\n|**0**
**1**||||||||||\n\n\n\n(Spiegel P, Nankoe A, UNHCR, 2003)\n\nOver the last two years, UNHCR and its partners conducted HIV sentinel surveillance\namong pregnant women in more than 20 camps housing some 800,000 refugees in\nKenya, Rwanda, Sudan and Tanzania. Refugee populations in three of the four countries\nexamined had significantly lower HIV prevalence rates than the surrounding host\ncommunities. In the fourth, the refugees and host community had comparable rates.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "studies", - "confidence": 0.5530745983123779, - "start": 120, - "end": 121 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern DRC", - "confidence": 0.9751793742179871, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "general population", - "confidence": 0.8092041015625, - "start": 53, - "end": 55 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV prevalence", - "confidence": 0.6951295137405396, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.782815158367157, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ence", - "confidence": 0.5195435881614685, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Country of Origin", - "confidence": 0.5984233021736145, - "start": 315, - "end": 318 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ence", - "confidence": 0.5265704393386841, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV sentinel surveillance", - "confidence": 0.9807448387145996, - "start": 866, - "end": 869 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.5941289067268372, - "start": 884, - "end": 885 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.8055787086486816, - "start": 853, - "end": 854 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "pregnant women", - "confidence": 0.8379564881324768, - "start": 870, - "end": 872 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV prevalence rates", - "confidence": 0.7514340281486511, - "start": 904, - "end": 907 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 4: HIV Prevalence among Refugees, Surrounding Communities in Kenya and their Country of Origin**\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**VULNERABLE GROUPS**\n\n**i.** **Women**\nIn conflict and displacement, women are at increased risk of sexual violence and abuse. Food\ninsecurity, hunger, and unequal distribution of material goods put women and girls at risk of\nexploitation and abuse, including coercion into transactional sex for survival. Displacement\nmay cause families and communities to split apart, destroying community structures and\nsupport systems that traditionally serve to protect women and children. This breakdown of\ncommunities may also lead men and women to engage in risky sexual behaviours. Women\nand children form the majority of displaced populations worldwide, as male family members\nare more likely to be involved in the conflict itself. Displaced women often find themselves\nas new heads of household, now responsible for providing for their families in addition to\ncaring for their children. Targeted HIV/AIDS interventions that protect, train and educate\nwomen are essential.\n\n**ii.** **Children**\nIn areas with high HIV prevalence and conflict, the vulnerability of children increases and the\nnumber of orphans due to the death of one or both parents may rise. Early efforts to identify\nvulnerable children, to initiate family tracing and implement community-based programmes\nthat provide care and support for orphans and other vulnerable children need to be\nencouraged. Educational opportunities may be limited in conflict situations and thus basic\nHIV prevention messages targeting children must be a priority intervention. As with women,\ndisplaced children, particularly orphans and children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, are at\nincreased risk for many types of abuse and exploitation, and may be coerced into\ntransactional sex for survival. Additionally, the abusive use of children as soldiers and the\nextreme actions they are led to commit put this group at increased risk of contracting HIV.\n\n**iii.** **Armed Personnel**\nArmed personnel may be a significant vector of transmission of sexually transmitted\ninfections (STIs), including HIV, among conflict-affected and displaced populations.9,18,26\nHIV prevalence rates among some countries\u2019 militaries have been documented to be 2-5\ntimes greater than their respective civilian populations.11,16 Furthermore, many of the intrastate conflicts have undisciplined, irregular armies and militias. Finally, there is a risk that\nUN peacekeepers coming from high prevalence HIV countries may also transmit HIV to\nconflict-affected and displaced populations because of their access to civilians, money and\npower. Conversely, those from low prevalence HIV countries may be at increased risk of\ncontracting the virus. HIV/AIDS prevention must be an important training component among\nmilitaries, demilitarisation efforts, and UN peace keepers.\n\n**iv.** **Humanitarian Workers**\nHumanitarian staff working in conflict situations often find themselves in isolated, unstable\nand unfamiliar surroundings. They may face increased occupational exposure to HIV in the\nhealth care setting as well as increased exposure to sexual violence. Furthermore, they may\nundertake high risk sexual behaviour which they might normally avoid. Humanitarian\nworkers should receive training in and follow some form of code of conduct [27-29] as well as the\nhumanitarian charter. 30 As with UN peacekeepers and other military forces, adequate\neducation and training must be provided to this group before their missions and counselling\nand condom accessibility should be available throughout their time in the field. Universal\nprecautions and disposal of medical waste in a safe manner should be followed scrupulously.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION**\n\nThe linkage between the protection of human rights and effective HIV/AIDS programmes is\napparent. People will not seek HIV-related counselling, testing, treatment and care when lack of\nconfidentiality, discrimination, denial of access to the asylum procedure, threat of refoulement,\nrestrictions to freedom of movement, or other negative consequences (real or perceived) exist. For\nthese reasons, an essential component of any HIV/AIDS strategy is the facilitation and creation of\na legal and ethical environment which protects human rights. Situations of conflict and displaced\npersons are more prone to human rights abuses, including sexual violence. Therefore, specific\nprotection policies and programmes dealing with HIV/AIDS must be implemented in conflictaffected settings where human rights are frequently violated.\nKey protection issues include the following:\n1. No denial of access to asylum procedure, refoulement or denial of right to return on basis of\nHIV status.\n2. No mandatory HIV testing of displaced persons under any circumstances.\n3. When required by resettlement countries, HIV testing conducted in accordance with\nestablished standards (i.e. accompanied by pre- and post test counseling and appropriate\nreferral for follow up support and services).\n4. Effective procedures in place to maintain confidentiality of individual HIV status.\n5. Informed consent obtained prior to further disclosure of HIV status, when necessary, for\nprotection of assistance-related reasons.\n6. Policies, laws and programmes in place to combat stigma and discrimination against persons\nliving with HIV/AIDS.\n7. No laws or regulations prohibiting displaced persons access to public sector HIV/AIDS\nprogrammes.\n\n**THE UNIQUE SITUATION OF REFUGEES**\n\nThe UNGASS declaration called upon \u201call United Nations agencies, regional and international\norganisations, as well as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved with the provision\nand delivery of international assistance to countries and regions affected by conflicts\u2026.to\nincorporate as a matter of emergency HIV/AIDS prevention, care and awareness elements into\ntheir plans and programmes\u201d.1\n\nCountries of asylum are ultimately responsible for the protection and well-being of people living\non their soil, including refugees. However, refugees have consistently excluded from many host\ncountries\u2019 HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plans (NSPs) and their needs have not been addressed in\nproposals submitted to major donors. [6] Refugees and local populations interact on a daily basis\n(figure 1). Their consistent exclusion is not only discriminatory but also undermines effective\nHIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts. Furthermore, refugees are often hosted in remote and\ninaccessible areas, far from cities where HIV/AIDS programmes are most developed. Improving\nHIV/AIDS interventions for refugees in an integrated manner with the surrounding host\npopulation will invariably improve services for both communities.\n\nOf the 29 countries in Africa that host more than 10,000 refugees, UNHCR has been able to\nreview 22 (76%) NSPs. While 14 (64%) mention refugees, 8 (36%) fail to do so. Of those that do\nmention refugees, 10 (71%) NSPs mention specific activities for refugees, while 4 (29%) NSPs\nfail to do so. The GFATM and the Multi-Country HIV/AIDS (MAP) Programmes of the World\nBank have funded HIV/AIDS projects in 25 (86%) of these 29 refugee-hosting African states.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Only a minority of proposals include refugees; in the 23 countries with approved GFATM\nproposals containing an HIV component only 5 (22%) included activities for refugees while 8\n(55%) of the 15 approved World Bank MAP projects included refugee-specific components.\n\nThe situation for refugees not living in camps (e.g. urban refugees) as well as for IDPs is\nunknown but is likely to be worse than for refugees living in camps. Urban refugees are often\nundocumented, do not receive direct material support from UNHCR, and rely upon existing host\ngovernment services that may discriminate against refugees.39,40 IDPs are often excluded from\ntheir government\u2019s HIV/AIDS programmes and do not have a specialised agency, such as\nUNHCR for the refugees, to advocate and provide programmes to cover their needs.41\n\n**PROGRAMMES**\n\nIn the recent past, HIV/AIDS interventions were generally not included in humanitarian\norganisations\u2019 immediate response to conflict and emergency settings. It was considered to be\nmore of a developmental and health issue and not to be an immediate life threatening disease as\nmalaria or cholera. However, thinking has evolved and it is now generally accepted that\nHIV/AIDS interventions must be multisectoral and begin immediately at the onset of a conflict or\nemergency and be continued throughout every stage. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee\n(IASC) reference group for HIV/AIDS in emergency settings recently completed guidelines that\nprovide a step-wise approach for implementing HIV/AIDS interventions.31 A matrix was\ndeveloped that describes a sectoral response1 for (1) emergency preparedness; (2) minimum\nresponse; (3) and comprehensive response (annex 1). Action sheets that provide guidance for key\nresponses are provided for the minimum response in the guidelines. A multisectoral response with\nemphasis on coordination has been adopted. The Sphere project, which includes a humanitarian\ncharter and minimums standards for disaster response revised their manual in 2004. It now\nincludes HIV/AIDS as a cross cutting issue. [30]\n\nA _standardised_ and _hierarchal_ approach to the assessment and planning of HIV/AIDS\nprogrammes is needed to ensure that well-structured, multisectoral and integrated HIV/AIDS\ninterventions are implemented in an appropriate manner. The IASC matrix listed above is one\napproach31 (annex 1). UNHCR has developed a framework for assessment of and planning for\nHIV/AIDS in conflict and displaced person situations (annex 2). Like the IASC matrix, it ensures\nthe most important HIV/AIDS interventions are assessed and allows for the evaluation of\nprogrammes over time as well as for comparison across different programmes. This framework\nhas been used by UNHCR to undertake HIV/AIDS assessment and planning missions throughout\nAfrica.\n\nAs stated in the IASC guidelines, minimum essential HIV/AIDS interventions must be provided\nbefore comprehensive activities are initiated. This focused, _hierarchal_ approach is essential given\nthe security and resource constraints in, and the remoteness of, most conflict and displaced\npersons situations. Essential services (e.g. safe blood supply, universal precautions, treatment for\nSTIs, condom distribution, information-education-communication (IEC) materials) must be made\navailable before more complicated and resource intensive interventions, such as prevention of\nmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) or long term antiretroviral therapy (ART), are provided.\n\n\n1 Coordination, assessment and monitoring, protection, water and sanitation, food security and nutrition,\nshelter and site planning, health, education, behavioural communication change and information-educationcommunication, and HIV/AIDS in the workplace.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, comprehensive programmes that link HIV/AIDS prevention with care and treatment\nprogrammes are essential to combat the epidemic,32 and conflict affected and displaced\npopulations should not be excluded from these approaches once the minimum HIV/AIDS\nactivities have been implemented. Interventions ranging from voluntary counselling and testing\n(VCT), PMTCT, behavioural and sentinel surveillance, population-based surveys, and even ART\nhave been implemented among such populations in the past few years. 20,21,33-35\n\nThe issue of ART is more complex in humanitarian settings than in typical resource poor settings\ndue to migration and the consequent difficulties with access and follow-up. Pilot projects are\nnecessary to examine modalities of drug distribution and other logistical factors, laboratory,\ncompliance, surveillance, side effects, and resistance. A community-based infrastructure adapted\nto the specific situation should be employed.\n\nHIV/AIDS programming for refugees presents some unique challenges. UNHCR\u2019s HIV/AIDS\nand Refugees Strategic Plan for 2002-04 requires \u201c\u2026UNHCR to work with governments through\ntheir National AIDS Control Programmes\u201d [36] . Together with its implementing partners, UNHCR\nfollows the existing national protocols and guidelines of the host country. However, at times such\nprotocols and guidelines do not exist, are outdated or are not being implemented in the remote\nareas in which refugees and IDPS are situated. Different languages and cultures require a\nmodification of IEC materials and other interventions to suit the varied populations that are mixed\ntogether in conflict settings . The interaction between displaced persons and the surrounding\npopulation requires strong coordination and cooperation among the host government,\ninternational and local organisations and the communities themselves. Ultimately, the repatriation\nof refugees pose a particular problem, as they often return to countries that have fewer resources\nthan the host country. Therefore, in the near future refugees may be receiving ART in host\ncountries but may not have the ability to continue when they return to their country of origin. On\nthe other hand, one never knows how long refugees will remain in host countries and they should\nhave the same opportunity to benefit from ART as the surrounding host population. UNHCR is\ncurrently developing an ART policy for refugees.\n\nThe global community must adopt a broader and more innovative approach to fighting the\nHIV/AIDS epidemic across international boundaries. Recent conflicts in Ivory Coast, Liberia, and\nDRC, for example, saw armed military groups, refugees and economic migrants moving across\nmany borders in West and Central Africa. Country by country plans will not work. Subregional\napproaches must be undertaken in conflict and displaced situations to effectively combat the\nepidemic. Some sub regional initiatives, such as the Great Lakes Initiative on AIDS (GLIA),37\nthe Oubangi-Chiari HIV/AIDS Initiative, and the Mano River Union Initiative on HIV/AIDS38\nexist but need more international support and government cooperation. The current repatriation\nof Angolan refugees from numerous countries including Namibia, Zambia and DRC to Angola\nhas shown the importance of subregional programming.22,39\n\n**COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION**\n\nCoordination and integration are key components for all HIV/AIDS strategies, policies and\nprogrammes. They are essential for HIV/AIDS in conflict and displaced settings given their\nmultisectoral and cross border nature. In these settings, numerous disparate groups must come\ntogether to improve their communication and coordination and to integrate their activities. Some\nexamples of these varied actors include:\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. NGOs, including relief and development agencies.\n2. UN agencies and international organisations.\n3. Governments and political leaders.\n4. Donors.\n5. Health professionals, lawyers, anthropologists, teachers, and religious leaders.\n6. Armed groups in conflict.\n7. Refugees, IDPS and local surrounding populations.\n\nCoordination and integration must occur at all levels. The following are some _examples_ :\n**i.** **International level**\nUN System Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS, IASC reference group for HIV/AIDS Interventions\nin Emergency Settings, and the IAAG as well as donor and recipient countries.\n**ii.** **Regional/Sub-regional level**\nUNAIDS Inter-Country Teams, Southern Africa\u2019s Regional Inter-Agency Coordination\nSupport Office (RIACSO), and various subregional initiatives listed above.\n**iii.** **Country level**\nUN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS and associated technical working groups at capital level, and\nNational AIDS Control Programmes.\n**iv.** **Field level**\nMultisectoral HIV/AIDS committees that include a wide range of persons in the community\nincluding service providers, political and religious leaders, women\u2019s groups, students, youth,\nteachers, and all conflict-affected communities.\n\nThe development of coordinated integrated HIV/AIDS strategies would be given an enormous\nboost if donor governments would loosen current restrictions on funding so money can be used\nmore flexibly to provide HIV/AIDS programs to both displaced persons and local communities as\nwell as relief and development organisations. This is currently being done in Uganda, where a\nself-reliance strategy has enabled numerous HIV/AIDS activities for refugees and local\npopulations including VCT.\n\n**ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, EVALUATION AND OPERATIONAL RESEARCH**\n\n\nDespite the difficulties of undertaking assessments, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) as well as\noperational research in conflict and displaced persons settings, it is imperative to do so. Recent\nwork by UNHCR, Save the Children, the International Rescue Committee and the Centers for\nDisease Control and Prevention, among other organisations, show that it is possible to carry out\nHIV sentinel surveillance surveys, HIV population-based surveys and HIV behavioural\nsurveillance surveys in conflict and displaced persons settings.20,21,24,34 Although outside\ntechnical expertise may be required for many organisations to undertake such activities,\nbehavioural and serological surveillance have allowed organisations to prioritise and target their\nprogrammes, provide a baseline and trends to evaluate their effectiveness, and act as an advocacy\ntool. Finally, such data have allowed us to better understand the complex interactions between\nconflict, displacement and the transmission of HIV that will ultimately allow us to better combat\nthe epidemic.\n\nRecently, UNHCR, WFP and UNICEF have undertaken a joint HIV/AIDS, food and nutrition\noperational research project in Zambia and Uganda to explore options for effective use of food\naid to improve HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in refugee camp settings. Results will\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV sentinel surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.9993776679039001, - "start": 403, - "end": 407 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7288919687271118, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.5204702615737915, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV population-based surveys", - "confidence": 0.9936707019805908, - "start": 408, - "end": 411 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural\nsurveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.985257089138031, - "start": 412, - "end": 416 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "be ready in the first quarter of 2004. There are numerous other areas of research that need to be\nexamined, some of which include:\n\n- How interactions between armed groups, conflict affected populations (displaced and nondisplaced populations) and surrounding communities affect HIV transmission (intra-country\nand inter-country).\n\n- Methods to improve integration of HIV/AIDS programmes among displaced and nondisplaced populations.\n\n- Policies and programmes to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination towards displaced\npopulations from local communities/governments.\n\n- Development of innovative preventive, care and support strategies that utilise the unique\ncontext of conflict and disaster-affected populations (e.g. food distribution, reception centres,\ncensuses).\n\n- Provision and compliance of ART to conflict affected populations including post-exposure\nprophylaxis to refugees following sexual violence or occupational exposure, PMTCT, long\nterm ART.\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION**\n\n\nRecommendations provided in this section are limited to those that are actionable and targeted\nprimarily at the United Nations System and specifically at IAAG members. The IAAG is\nrequested to consider these actions, to amend as necessary, and then to agree and to adopt them as\nthey see fit.\n\n1. The IASC guidelines for HIV/AIDS interventions in emergency settings should be field\ntested and evaluated. Action sheets for emergency preparedness and comprehensive response\nof the guidelines should be constructed.\n**ACTION** : IASC and IASC Reference Group.\n\n2. Conflict-affected and displaced populations should be covered by national HIV/AIDS\nstrategic plans, proposals and interventions.\n**ACTION:** UN Country Teams supported by the UNAIDS Country Coordinator should work\nwith national governments, UNHCR and other UN agencies, and donors to ensure inclusion.\n\n3. Pilot projects for comprehensive HIV/AIDS interventions should be implemented for affected\npopulations in conflict situations.\n**ACTION:** IAAG members, particularly UNHCR, UNICEF, and the International\nOrganisation for Migration, should work with national governments and NGO partners.\n\n4. A multi-stakeholder meeting including UN system agencies, international organizations,\nNGOs, governments, donor agencies and representatives of affected populations should be\norganised in 2004 to discuss key issues related to HIV/AIDS interventions in conflict\nsituations. Key issues include standardising approaches to and creating tools for HIV/AIDS\nassessment, planning, interventions and M&E; exploring flexible and coordinated funding\napproaches; advocacy issues; and operational research.\n**ACTION:** UNHCR and the UNAIDS Secretariat.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 1: Matrix for HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings**\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sectoral Response|Emergency preparedness|Minimum response (to be conducted
even in the midst of emergency)|Comprehensive response
(Stabilized phase)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1. Coordination|\u2022 Determine coordination structures
\u2022 Identify and list partners
\u2022 Establish network of resource
persons
\u2022 Raise funds
\u2022 Prepare contingency plans
\u2022 Include HIV/AIDS in humanitarian
action plans and train accordingly
relief workers|
1.1 Establish coordination mechanism



|\u2022 Continue fundraising
\u2022 Strengthen networks
\u2022 Enhance information sharing
\u2022 Build human capacity
\u2022 Link emergency to development HIV action
\u2022 Work with authorities
\u2022 Assist government and non-state entities to promote and protect
human rights4
|\n|2. Assessment and
monitoring
3. Protection|\u2022 Conduct capacity and situation
analysis
\u2022 Develop indicators and tools
\u2022 Involve local institutions and
beneficiaries
\u2022 Review existing protection laws
and policies
\u2022 Promote human rights and best
practices
\u2022 Ensure that humanitarian activitie s
minimize the risk of sexual violence,
and exploitation, and HIV-related
discrimination
\u2022 Train uniformed forces and
humanitarian workers on HIV/AIDS
and sexual violence|2.1 Assess baseline data

2.2 Set up and manage a shared database


2.3 Monitor activities
3.1 Prevent and respond to sexual violence and
exploitation

3.2 Protect orphans and separated children



3.3 Ensure access to condoms for peacekeepers,
military and humanitarian staff|\u2022 Maintain database

\u2022 Monitor and evaluate all programmes
\u2022 Assess data on prevalence, knowledge attitudes and practice, and
impact of HIV/AIDS

\u2022 Draw lessons from evaluations
\u2022 Involve authorities to reduce HIV-related discrimination
\u2022 Expand prevention and response to sexual violence and
exploitation

\u2022 Strengthen protection for orphans, separated children and young
people
\u2022 Institutionalize training for uniformed forces on HIV/AIDS,
sexual violence and exploitation, and non-discrimination

\u2022 Put in place HIV-related services for demobilized personnel
\u2022 Strengthen IDP/refugee response|\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline data", - "confidence": 0.6792441606521606, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "evaluations", - "confidence": 0.7831445932388306, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Sectoral Response Emergency preparedness|Minimum response (to be conducted
even in the midst of emergency)|Comprehensive response
(Stabilized phase)|\n|---|---|---|\n|4. Water and sanitation
\u2022 Train staff on HIV/AIDS, sexual
violence, gender, and non-
discrimination|4.1 Include HIV considerations in water/sanitation
planning|\u2022 Establish water/sanitation management committees
\u2022 Organize awareness campaigns on hygiene and sanitation,
targeting people affected by HIV|\n|5. Food security and
nutrition
\u2022 Contingency planning/preposition
supplies
\u2022 Train staff on special needs of
HIV/AIDS affected populations
\u2022 Include information about
nutritional care and support of
PLWHA in community nutrition
education programmes
\u2022 Support food security of
HIV/AIDS-affected households
|5.1 Target food aid to affected and at-risk
households and communities
5.2 Plan nutrition and food needs for population
with high HIV prevalence
5.3 Promote appropriate care and feeding practices
for PLWHA
5.4 Support and protect food security of
HIV/AIDS affected & at risk households and
communities
5.5 Distribute food aid to affected households and
communities
|
\u2022 Develop strategy to protect long-term food security of HIV
affected people
\u2022 Develop strategies and target vulnerable groups for agricultural
extension programmes
\u2022 Collaborate with community and home based care programmes
in providing nutritional support
\u2022 Assist the government in fulfilling its obligation to respect the
human right to food
|\n|6. Shelter and site
planning
\u2022 Ensure safety of potential sites
\u2022 Train staff on HIV/AIDS, gender
and non-discrimination|
6.1 Establish safely designed sites|\u2022 Plan orderly movement of displaced|\n|7. Health
\u2022 Map current services and practices
\u2022 Plan and stock medical and RH
supplies
\u2022 Adapt/develop protocols
\u2022 Train health personnel
\u2022 Plan quality assurance mechanisms
\u2022 Train staff on the issue of SGBV
and the link with HIV/AIDS
\u2022 Determine prevalence of injecting
drug use
\u2022 Develop instruction leaflets on
cleaning injecting materials
\u2022 Map and support prevention and
care initiatives
\u2022 Train staff and peer educators
|7.1 Ensure access to basic health care for the most
vulnerable





7.2 Ensure a safe blood supply

7.3 Provide condoms


7.4 Institute syndromic STI treatment


|\u2022 Forecast longer-term needs; secure regular supplies; ensure
appropriate training of the staff
\u2022 Palliative care and home based care
\u2022 Treatment of opportunistic infections and TB control
programmes
\u2022 Provision of ARV treatment

\u2022 Safe blood transfusion services

\u2022 Ensure regular supplies, include condoms with other RH
activities
\u2022 Reassess condoms based on demand

\u2022 Management of STI, including condoms
\u2022 Comprehensive sexual violence programmes
|\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Sectoral Response Emergency preparedness|Minimum response (to be conducted
even in the midst of emergency)|Comprehensive response
(Stabilized phase)|\n|---|---|---|\n|7. Health cont
\u2022 Train health staff on RH issues
linked with emergencies and the use
of RH kits
\u2022 Assess current practices in the
application of universal precautions|7.5 Ensure IDU appropriate care



7.6 Management of the consequences of SV


7.7 Ensure safe deliveries

7.8 Universal precautions
|\u2022 Comprehensive sexual violence programmes

\u2022 Control drug trafficking in camp settings
\u2022 Use peer educators to provide counselling and education on risk
reduction strategies

\u2022 Voluntary counselling and testing
\u2022 Reproductive health services for young people

\u2022 Prevention of mother to child transmission

\u2022 Enable/monitor/reinforce universal precautions in health care
|\n|8. Education
\u2022 Determine emergency education
options for boys and girls
\u2022 Train teachers on HIV/AIDS and
sexual violence and exploitation
9. Behaviour
communication change
and information education
communication
\u2022 Prepare culturally appropriate
messages in local languages
\u2022 Prepare a basic BCC/IEC strategy
\u2022 Involve key beneficiaries
\u2022 Conduct awareness campaigns
\u2022 Store key documents outside
potential emergency areas|8.1 Ensure children\u2019s access to education
|\u2022 Educate girls and boys (formal and non-formal)
\u2022 Provide lifeskills-based HIV/AIDS education
\u2022 Monitor and respond to sexual violence and exploitation in
educational settings
\u2022 Scale up BCC/IEC
\u2022 Monitor and evaluate activities|\n|10. HIV/AIDS in the
workplace
\u2022 Review personnel policies
regarding the management of
PLWHA who work in humanitarian
operations
\u2022 Develop policies when there are
none, aimed at minimising the
potential for discrimination
\u2022 Stock materials for post-exposure
prophylaxis (PEP)|10.1 Prevent discrimination by HIV status in staff
management

10.2 Provide post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
available for humanitarian staff|\u2022 Build capacity of supporting groups for PLWHA and their
families
\u2022 Establish workplace policies to eliminate discrimination against
PLWHA

\u2022 Post-exposure prophylaxis for all humanitarian workers available
on regular basis|\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ANNEX 1: HIV/AIDS and Conflict/Displaced Persons Assessment and Planning Tool Framework**\n\n\n**1) Policy**\na. Existing National AIDS Control Policy, Guidelines and Manuals.\nb. Displaced persons specifically targeted as a vulnerable population under National AIDS Control Programme\nPolicy.\n\n**2) Protection**\na. No mandatory HIV testing of displaced persons under any circumstances.\nb. No denial of access to asylum procedure, refoulement or denial of right to return on basis of HIV status.\nc. When required by resettlement countries, HIV testing conducted in accordance with established standards (i.e.\naccompanied by pre- and post test counseling and appropriate referral for follow up support and services).\nd. No laws or regulations prohibiting refugee access to public sector HIV/AIDS programmes in countries of asylum.\ne. Specific programmes in place to combat stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS.\nf. Programmes in place to prevent and respond to sexual violence.*\n\n**3) Coordination and Supervision**\na. Regular meetings among implementing partners in field and in capital.\nb. HIV/AIDS programmes specifically included in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages of\nprogramme cycle.\nc. Regular attendance at meetings of UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS and associated Technical Working Groups at\ncapital level.\n\n**4) Prevention**\na. Safe blood supply.\nb. Universal precautions.\nc. Condom promotion and distribution.\nd. Behavioural change and communication (including development of educational/ awareness materials in\nappropriate languages; programmes for in-school and out-of-school youth; peer education; youth centres; sports/\ndrama groups; programmes aimed at reducing teen pregnancy and combating sexual violence).\ne. Voluntary counseling and testing.*\nf. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission.\ng. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections.\nh. Post-exposure prophylaxis.\n\n**5) Care, Support and Treatment**\na. Sexually transmitted infections.*\nb. Opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis.\nc. Nutrition.*\nd. Home-based care.\ne. People living with HIV/AIDS.\nf. Orphans and child-headed households.\ng. Anti-retroviral therapy\n\n**6) Surveillance, Monitoring and Evaluation**\na. Behavioural surveillance surveys.\nb. AIDS clinical case and mortality reporting.\nc. Blood donors.\nd. Syphilis among antenatal clinic attendees.\ne. Sexually transmitted infections (by syndrome).\nf. Condom distribution.\ng. Opportunistic infections, including incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.\nh. HIV sentinel surveillance among pregnant women and high risk groups such as those attending sexually transmitted\ninfection clinics.\ni. Voluntary counseling and testing.\nj. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission.\nk. Sexual violence.\nl. Post-exposure prophylaxis .\n\n\n - Activity has both prevention as well as care and treatment components\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS**\n\nI would like to thank the following people for their comments on this manuscript: Richard\nBrennan, Laurie Bruns, Yannick Guegan, Mary Haour-Knipe, Gillian Holmes, Reinhard Kaiser,\nGael Lescornec, Judith Polsky, Susan Purdin, Tamar Renaud, Marian Schilperoord, Michel\nTailhades, Maria Tallarico, and Dieudonne Yiweza.\n\n\n**REFERENCES**\n\n\n1. United Nations General Assembly. Declaration of commitment on HIV/AIDS. Geneva: United\nNations and UNAIDS, 2001.\n2. Smith D. Trends and causes of armed conflicts. Oslo: Berghof Research Center for\nConstructive Conflict Management, 2000: http://www.berghofhandbook.net/smith/index.htm?s2.htm~bottomFrame, accessed December 8, 2003.\n3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2002 statistics on asylum-seekers, refugees\nand others of concern to UNHCR. Geneva: UNHCR, 2003:\nhttp://www.unhcr.ch/static/statistics_2002/asr02-dr2-Table4.pdf, accessed December 10,\n2003.\n4. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. General\nstatistics for Palestinian refugees, 2003:\nhttp://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/figures.pdf, accessed December 10, 2003.\n5. Global IDP Project. A global overview of internal displacement, 2003.\n\nhttp://www.idpproject.org/global_overview.htm, accessed December 10, 2003.\n6. Lubbers R. \"In the war on AIDS refugees are often excluded\": UNHCR, November 28, 2003\n\nhttp://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/+ZwwBmel8kk Cwwwwnwwwwwwwh\nFqnN0bItFqnDni5AFqnN0bIcFq3roVawDmaGnh1tnn5Dzmxwwwwwww1FqmRbZ/ope\nndoc.htm, accessed January 8, 2004.\n7. Save the Children. HIV and conflict: a double emergency. London: Save the Children, 2002: 132.\n8. United States Institute of Peace. AIDS and violent conflict in Africa. Washington DC: USIP,\n2001.\n9. Hooper E. The River: A journey to the source of HIV/AIDS. London: Little, Brown and\nCompany, 1999.\n10. Elbe S. HIV/AIDS and the changing landscape of war in Africa. _International Security_\n2002; **27** (2) **:** 159-177.\n11. McGinn T, Purdin S, Krause S, Jones R. Forced migration and transmission of HIV and other\nsexually transmitted infections: policy and programmatic responses. _HIV InSite_\n_Knowledge Base Chapter_ 2001;http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC12546.htm, accessed\nSeptember 12, 2003.\n12. Pharoah R, Schonteich M. AIDS, security and governance in Southern Africa. Pretoria:\nInstitute for Security Studies, 2003: 13.\n13. Gardiner R. AIDS: the undeclared war: Towards the Earth Summit 2002: social briefing No.\n1. 2001 http://www.earthsummit2002.org/es/issues/AIDS/hiv.pdf, accessed September\n12, 2003.\n14. Spiegel PB, Sheik M, Woodruff BA, Burnham G. The accuracy of mortality reporting in\ndisplaced persons camps during the post-emergency phase. _Disasters_ 2001; **25** (2) **:** 172-80.\n15. Salama P, Dondero T. HIV surveillance in complex emergencies. _AIDS_ 2001; **15** (suppl 3) **:** S4S12.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16. Smith A. HIV/AIDS and emergencies: analysis and recommendations for practice. _Network_\n_HPN paper_ 2002; **38:** 1-33.\n17. Khaw A, Salama P, Burkholder BT, Dondero T. HIV risk and prevention in emergencyaffected populations: a review. _Disasters_ 2000; **24** (3) **:** 181-97.\n18. Hankins CA, Friedman SR, Zafar T, Strathdee SA. Transmission and prevention of HIV and\nsexually transmitted infections in war settings: implications for current and future armed\nconflicts. _Aids_ 2002; **16** (17) **:** 2245-52.\n19. Spiegel P, Sheik M, Gotway-Crawford C, Salama P. Health programmes and policies\nassociated with decreased mortality in displaced people in postemergency phase camps: a\nretrospective study. _Lancet_ 2002; **360** (9349) **:** 1927-34.\n20. Kaiser R, Kedamo T, Downing R, et al. HIV/STI sero-prevalence and risk factor survey in\nYei, South Sudan, 2002 (draft). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,\n2003.\n21. Kaiser R, Spiegel P, Salama P, et al. HIV sero-prevalence and behavioral risk factor survey in\nSierra Leone, April 2002. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002.\n22. Spiegel P, De Jong E. HIV/AIDS and Refugees/Returnees: Mission to Angola. Luanda:\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2003.\n23. Wax E. Rape so common In D.R.C., it is considered combat injury. Washington Post 2003;\n\nhttp://www.unwire.org/UNWire/20031027/449_9787.asp, accessed Dec 10, 2003.\n24. Save the Children. Study on the HIV/AIDS prevalence in the health zone of Kalemie in the\nregion of north Katanga, DRC. Goma: SCF, 2001.\n25. UNAIDS. Table of UNAIDS/WHO country-specific HIV/AIDS estimates end-2001. Geneva:\nUNAIDS, 2002 http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/Global-Reports/Barcelona/\nTableEstimatesEnd2001_en_xls.xls, accessed January 8, 2004.\n26. Smallman-Raynor MR, Cliff AD. Civil war and the spread of AIDS in Central Africa.\n_Epidemiol Infect_ 1991; **107** (1) **:** 69-80.\n27. UNHCR. Code of Conduct, 2003: http://www.unhcr.md/article/co_con.htm, accessed January\n8, 2004.\n28. Inter-Agency Standing Committee on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Humanitarian Crises.\nCore principles of a code of conduct, 2003:\nhttp://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/gl_sgbv03_10.pdf, accessed January 8, 2004.\n29. International Federation of Red Cross and Crescent Societies. Code of conduct, 1994:\n\nhttp://www.ifrc.org/publicat/conduct/code.asp, accessed January 8, 2004.\n30. Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response. The Sphere project: humanitarian charter\nand minimum standards in disaster response. Geneva: Sphere Project, 2004.\n31. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). Guidelines for HIV/AIDS interventions in\nemergency settings. Geneva: IASC reference group, 2003.\n32. Mukherjee JS, Farmer PE, Niyizonkiza D, et al. Tackling HIV in resource poor countries. _Bmj_\n2003; **327** (7423) **:** 1104-6.\n33. M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res. MSF introduces ARV treatment in Bukavu, DRC. MSF press\nrelease. 2003;http://www.msf.org/countries/page.cfm?articleid=58AD3F65-AB13-449CB47620F298EAA905, accessed December 11, 2003.\n34. Spiegel P. HIV/AIDS in Kenyan and Tanzanian refugee camps, June 8-30, 2002. Geneva:\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2002: 32.\n35. Spiegel P. Tri-country HIV/AIDS and refugees workshop: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.\nEntebbe: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2002.\n36. HIV/AIDS and refugees: UNHCR's strategic plan 2002-04. Geneva: United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees, 2002: 27.\n37. UNAIDS. Great Lakes Initiative on AIDS (GLIA), 2003: http://www.onusida\naoc.org/Eng/GLIAEN.htm, accessed December 11, 2003.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "38. UNAIDS. Mano River Union Initiative on HIV/AIDS, 2003: http://www.onusida\naoc.org/Eng/Mano%20River%20Union%20Initiative.htm, accessed December 11, 2003.\n39. Bruns L, Spiegel P. Assessment of HIV/AIDS programmes among refugees in South Africa,\nNamibia and Zambia. Pretoria: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2003.\n40. Spiegel PB, Qassim M. Forgotten refugees and other displaced populations. _Lancet_\n2003; **362** (9377) **:** 72-4.\n41. Salama P, Spiegel P, Brennan R. No less vulnerable: the internally displaced in humanitarian\nemergencies. _Lancet_ 2001; **357** (9266) **:** 1430-1.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59c7f298-3e2b-38e2-982f-01962a75a995/69381382D7454F49C1256E1C00335901-hcr-aids-jan04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_185/raw/doc_185_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_185/raw/doc_185_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ae8977b171255acd632151be02db506ec61bdaa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_185/raw/doc_185_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,467 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **FULL REPORT**\n\n# **Innovative Education Approach-** **Connected/Blended Learning for** **Refugees** **UNHCR Jordan** **April 2019**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Contents** 1. Introduction 2. What is Connected/Blended Learning? 3. Benefits of Connected and Blended Learning 4. UNHCR and Connected / Blended Learning 5. Consultations with Refugees July 2018 5.1 Rationale 5.2 Methodology 5.3 Sample Group composition 5.4 Survey Questions and Responses 5.5 Comments and Narratives 5.6 Analysis of Findings 6. Follow-up Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) 6.1 Analysis and Findings 7. Recommendations 8. References\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. Introduction**\n\n\n[As part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 2018 Global compact](https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf)\n[on refugees](https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf) which paved the way forward to ensure an \u201cinclusive and equitable quality\neducation\u201d and to promote \u201clifelong learning opportunities for all\u201d, UNHCR continues to\nexplore innovative approaches to ensure greater access to quality higher education for\nrefugees. In the MENA region, UNHCR and UNESCO co-hosted [\u201cThe Regional](http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Beirut/HIGHEREDUCATION_01.pdf)\n[Conference on Higher Education in Crisis Situations\u201d held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt in](http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Beirut/HIGHEREDUCATION_01.pdf)\n2017 towards achieving the objective of a more accessible education.\n\n\nIn Jordan, several initiatives have been launched recently to find ways to strengthen the\nConnected Learning approaches to benefit both Jordanians and displaced communities\nin the Kingdom. Key among them is the Connected Learning in Crisis Consortium\n(CLCC), co-led by UNHCR and the University of Geneva (InZone), which aims to\npromote, coordinate, and support the provision of quality higher education in contexts of\nconflict, crisis and displacement through a blended learning approach that combines faceto-face and online learning. In December 2018, CLCC, together with the Ministry of Higher\nEducation (MoHE) organized the first \u201cRound-Table for Connected Learning in Jordan\u201d.\nRecommendations of this roundtable helped in drawing seeds for a future road map in\nthe field on connected learning by establishing strong global and national partnerships\nwith key international and national academic institutions.\n\n\nSpecifically, to fulfil the basic requirements for an accessible community-based education,\nUNHCR is establishing some 10 Community Learning and Innovation Hubs throughout\nJordan in order to provide refugee youth with high quality post basic education pathways.\n[The first of these centres was inaugurated in Amman on 27/03/2019, in partnership](https://twitter.com/UNHCRJordan/status/1110870637533368326)\nbetween UNHCR, Google, Johud and Learning Equality.\n\n\n**2. What is Connected Learning/ Blended Learning?**\n\n\n**Connected Learning** is an approach to education in which learners pursue their personal\ninterests with the support of peers, mentors, and caring adults, and in ways that open up\nopportunities for them. Connected learning puts progressive, experiential, and learnercentered approaches at the center of technology-enhanced learning.\n\n\n**Blended Learning** is a brand-new approach which is currently used for technology\nintegration in providing education courses, and it refers to an approach that mixes both\ntraditional face-to-face learning and e-learning.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. Benefits of Connected / Blended Learning**\n\n\nIn addition to flexibility and the reduction of time and cost, there are other benefits of the\nblended learning (from the students\u2019 perspective) according to the small-scale research\nthat was conducted by the University of Jordan, as follows:\n\n\n - It has the potential to involve different learning styles to enhance the learning\nexperience and the quality of the students\u2019 education.\n\n - It is not restricted to a specific place and time.\n\n - Students can study at their own pace and speed.\n\n\n**4. UNHCR and Connected/ Blended Learning**\n\n\nBlended learning is becoming an increasingly accepted form of education which is time\nand cost effective especially in the context of conflict, crisis and displacement. UNHCR\npartners with governments and international partners to ensure quality protective\neducation to refugee children and youth. Education empowers by giving refugees the\nknowledge and skills to live productive, fulfilling and independent lives. UNHCR Jordan\nhas been recently approached by a number of education providers ready to offer blended\nlearning options to refugees.\n\n\nIn 2016 UNHCR partnered through SPHEIR, Strategic Partnership for Higher Education\nInnovation Reform and agreed to use its refugee networks to distribute a survey and\nconduct interviews about challenges to access to higher education and interest in on-line\nlearning among refugees living in Jordan and Lebanon. As a consequence, the\nPartnership for Digital learning (PADILEA) has been launched with the support from\n[UKAid https://padileia.org/](https://padileia.org/)\n\n\nThe Partnership produces and delivers blended higher education programs to Syrian\nrefugees in Jordan and Lebanon and to local Jordanian and Lebanese students.\nStudents can access curricula that provide micro-credentials in relevant fields,\naugmented by student support services and affordable pathways into locally delivered\nformal academic qualifications. The partnership aims to broaden access to high-quality\neducational programs, provide a foundation for further education and prepare students\nfor their futures.\n\n\nIn April 2018 UNHCR Jordan has partnered with JOHUD to implement a wide ranging\nPartnership Agreement combining community based service provision and education\nassistance to refugees and host communities in urban areas. One component of this\nproject seeks to provide blended learning university level foundation course in three\nstreams: Computer Science, Business / Economics and Social Work. It is delivered\nthrough the on-line education platform and is supported by Face to face instructions by\ntutors. The program has just commenced in three JOHUD Community Support\nCommittee locations; Amman, Irbid and Mafraq and will be evaluated on completion of\nstudies by 70 students in 2019.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "small-scale research", - "confidence": 0.7082087397575378, - "start": 42, - "end": 44 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5320345163345337, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8345990777015686, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6693469882011414, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan and Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8928537368774414, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.987327516078949, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Education Sector Working Group, co-chaired by UNESCO, UNHCR has initiated a\nmapping of connected learning, blended learning and on-line learning tertiary activities\nopportunities available in Jordan. A template has been designed and the process of\nresearching and compiling information will be coordinated by TESWG. UNHCR would\nlike to compile a list of providers of online and lifelong learning opportunities'' providers,\nto spread awareness of these opportunities within the refugee community, and\nform/strengthen partnerships with service providers, in order to reach the largest possible\nnumber of beneficiaries and solidify the positive impact such opportunities present.\n\n\nUNHCR, recognizes that we cannot create a connected refugee population on our own.\nPartnerships are key \u2013 among refugees and host communities, and among governments,\ncivil society and the private sector. In particular, we seek to build strong, multi-faceted\npartnerships with the technology and telecommunications sectors to ensure that refugees\ncan benefit from the digital revolution.\n\n\nWe seek to leverage these technologies to strengthen protection, communications,\neducation, health, self-reliance, community empowerment and durable solutions.\n\n\n**Sustainability**\n\n\nMany refugee households buy devices and plans at market rates, particularly in urban\nareas. This means they often spend a significant portion of their limited monthly\ndisposable income on connectivity. Hence, to ensure accessibility and sustainability\ncollaborations with the private sector to provide refugees with pricing models that reduce\nthe cost yet offer some benefit to the companies concerned is essential.\n\n\nWhile the priority is to identify market-based solutions, we recognize that there are\n**groups of extremely vulnerable refugees who could not afford connectivity no**\n**matter how low the market price** . To support these groups, UNHCR would explore\ntargeted subsidies, as discussed in the Strategic Interventions.\n\n\nResearch indicates that while 7 per cent of refugee communities lack the requisite digital\ninfrastructure for internet access and mobile communications, most of refugees in urban\nareas live in places that have 2G or 3G mobile coverage. For those in rural areas,\nhowever, the situation is far worse, with 20 per cent living in areas with no connectivity.\nOur assessment also found that refugees often spend up to a third of their disposable\nincome on staying connected \u2013 highlighting the main obstacle to refugee connectivity:\ncost. Globally, refugees are 50 per cent less likely than the general population to have an\ninternet-enabled phone, and 29 per cent of refugee households have no phone at all.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In all discussions between refugees and UNHCR staff, communication with friends and\nfamily was identified as the most important need from connectivity. Arguably, this need is\ngreater for refugees than for the general population because displacement often\nseparates refugees from their loved ones and can leave them isolated. Knowing where\nfriends and family are and knowing that they are safe is of paramount importance to\nrefugees.\n\n\n[Source: UNHCR: h ttp://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/](http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/)\n\n\nOne of initiatives launched recently by UNHCR is the Community Connectivity Fund\n\n\n[The Community Connectivity Fund supports the development of Connectivity for](http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/)\n[Refugees projects by UNHCR Operations worldwide, providing them with access to the](http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/)\nfunding needed to implement, evaluate and refine solutions.\n\n\n_A Connected Learning Hub in Jordan \u00a9UNHCR / Mohammad Hawari_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5. Consultations with Persons of Concern (Non-Connected Learning Users)**\n\n**July 2018**\n\n\n**5.1** **Rationale**\n\n\nAs connected / blended learning is making a positive impact on Persons of concern to\nUNHCR (Pocs)\u2019 educational pathway and their future life prospects, even greater demand\nfor blended learning opportunities by the refugee community in Jordan is anticipated.\nUNHCR is committed to a consultation process with PoCs and considers engagement\nwith the users of the education programs supported by UNHCR as an important part of\nthe decision-making process.\n\n\nIn order to examine the attitudes and perceptions of Pocs to blended learning, UNHCR\nAmman Education Unit has conducted its own small-scale consultations with\nbeneficiaries.\n\n\n**5.2 Methodology**\n\n\nTen Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in July and November2018.\nSeven FGDs were conducted in July with 275 refugees from different age groups who\nhave never been enrolled in any Connected Learning approach, while some of them have\nexperience with online courses. The FGDs were conducted in 7 different locations in\nJordan: AlKarak, Sahab, Nuzha, Madaba, Salt, Zarqa, and Azraq. The other three FGDs\nwere conducted in November with 26 participants who were enrolled in CL program(s).\nThe majority of the participants were refugees (85%) along with Jordanian youth. The 3\nFGDs were conducted in 3 different locations: Mafraq, Amman, and Irbid. In all FGDs, a\nquestionnaire was designed to reflect the participants\u2019 experience with online courses and\nCL. The table below presents the participants\u2019 different responses.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|-|Focus Group Discussions
(FGDs) in July 2018|Focus Group Discussions
(FGDs) in November 2018|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Awareness of \u201cconnected**
**learning\u201d approach**|49%|54%|\n|
**Defining the CL approach**|\u201cLearning, studying, or
researching a subject and
gaining new knowledge and
skills using the internet\u201d.
|\u201clearning through the
internet and taking online
courses using electronic
devices\u201d|\n|**The percentage of those who**
**completed online courses**|25%|77%|\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Consultations with Persons of Concern", - "confidence": 0.5528637766838074, - "start": 4, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5531252026557922, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.6843131184577942, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7544829249382019, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9240262508392334, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.736500084400177, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8024815917015076, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9163721203804016, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.9985812902450562, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9920599460601807, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9342259168624878, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|The percentage of those who
found the courses helpful|92%|85%|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Preferred language of instruction**|Arabic (58%)|English (77%)|\n|**Courses of interest**|English language courses,
Math, and Arabic|English language courses,
computer science, and foreign
languages|\n\n\n\n**5.3** **Sample Group Composition**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Location|Total|Adult
Females|Adult
Males|Youth and
children under
19|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Sahab**|**47**|**16**|**4 **|**27**|\n|**Nuzha**|**42**|**17**|**6 **|**19**|\n|**Salt**|**26**|**16**|**2 **|**8 **|\n|**Alkarak**|**64**|**56**|**8 **|**0 **|\n|**Madaba**|**47**|**36**|**8 **|**3 **|\n|**Zarqa**|**31**|**16**|**15**|**0 **|\n|**Azraq**|**18**|**10**|**8 **|**0 **|\n|TOTAL|275|167|51|57|\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|5.4 Survey Questions and Responses|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||Yes|No|\n|Have you heard of \u201cconnected learning?|134|140|\n|Have you attempted any on line courses? (started)|62|191|\n|Have you completed any on-line courses \u2013 what were they?|62||\n|Would you rather take future courses in Arabic?|171||\n|Would you prefer to be presented the opportunity to develop your
English and take courses in English?|126||\n|Did you find the course helpful? In what way? (Job, personal
improvement, leading to further study?|57|4|\n|What do you understand by \u201cconnected learning\u201d|Please See 5.5|Please See 5.5|\n|Some respondents did not answer
What made you consider an on-line course?|Some respondents did not answer
What made you consider an on-line course?|Some respondents did not answer
What made you consider an on-line course?|\n|How did you find out about this course?|How did you find out about this course?|How did you find out about this course?|\n|For courses provided by universities, was this an accredited course?|For courses provided by universities, was this an accredited course?|For courses provided by universities, was this an accredited course?|\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey Questions and Responses", - "confidence": 0.9860612154006958, - "start": 4, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6358090043067932, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8449850082397461, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|What was the cost? Did you receive any financial subsidy /
assistance? Where from?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|What was you experience (good and bad) of doing a course on line?|What was you experience (good and bad) of doing a course on line?|\n|Given an assisted opportunity to do an on-line course \u2013 what course
would suit you?|Given an assisted opportunity to do an on-line course \u2013 what course
would suit you?|\n\n\n**5.5** **Comments and Narratives**\n\n\n**What is blended learning?**\n\n\n - Learning using the internet\n\n - Distance learning\n\n - Studying\n\n - facing challenges\n\n - Brain Growth\n\n - I don\u2019t Know\n\n - Using Technology\n\n - Using Computer\n\n - Using Scientific websites\n\n - Faster Learning\n\n - Helping Us learn\n\n - Learning using the internet\n\n - Distance learning\n\n - Studying\n\n - facing challenges\n\n - Brain Growth\n\n - Learn from Any where\n\n - Using Scientific websites\n\n - Faster Learning\n\n - Helping us learn\n\n - Learning using the web\n\n - Connecting with Universities\n\n - Indirect education\n\n - Nothing\n\n - Great medium to overcome time and finance restrictions on learning.\n\n - Very helpful to learn new skills, but not useful to get a job or continue education in\n\ngovernment schools.\n\n - My children always go online to look for ideas and find ways to repair items or solve\n\nproblems (mathematics, physics).\n\n - It's a good thing, but I wish there more Arabic or subtitled content\n\n - Learning through the internet without a teacher or going to a classroom.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - A substitute to use when universities are overcrowded.\n\n - Saves time and money and provides opportunities for working students.\n\n - Not a good alternative to universities because it requires equipment and an internet\n\nconnection.\n\n - For university students only, not for school age children\n\n - Boring and requires self-discipline, possible only if guidance and control are\n\nprovided.\n\n - Very helpful medium for people with full-time jobs, even though it would take a little\n\nlonger than normal education.\n\n - Valid if provided and certified by a recognized university.\n\n - University students take their courses on the internet.\n\n - Not efficient, students need someone to guide them\n\n\n**What made you consider on-line learning?**\n\n\n - FUN\n\n - Colorful, with sounds and motion.\n\n - Easy for children.\n\n - Help with school.\n\n - Youtube.\n\n - Easy to understand.\n\n - I am Weak in learning.\n\n - Useful in my daily house work.\n\n - To learn.\n\n - Attractive.\n\n - So I can help in teaching my children\n\n - Easy and inexpensive way\n\n - Develop talent and increase experience\n\n - There is not enough time to learn and no material exists\n\n - To learn\n\n - Learn new skills\n\n - I don\u2019t know\n\n - To learn\n\n - School projects\n\n - For free and lack of time\n\n - I work full time as a barber, I could learn in my own time.\n\n - I needed help with mathematics in Tawjihi, so I started going online more\n\nfrequently and learnt a lot of things.\n\n - I didn't have the money to sign up for English lessons, so I started learning online.\n\n - Free\n\n - at my own pace\n\n - I can repeat as much as I needed\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - I didn't have to leave home.\n\n - Free, on my own time, and you get to see what they are doing and what equipment\n\nthey're using, but I couldn't understand everything they were saying, I still managed\nthough.\n\n - The specialty itself (HTML, CSS) is very costly to study in a recognized Institution.\n\n - With my specialty, certification is not important (Graphic Design).\n\n - Time constraints.\n\n - The subject matter was not available except online\n\n\n**Providers**\n\n\n - Youtube\n\n - ICDL\n\n - Facebook\n\n - Al-Awael\n\n - openculture / English language\n\n - English Beginner / Youtube\n\n - Basics or Hair Styling / Youtube\n\n - Google\n\n\n**How did you find out about the course (source?)**\n\n\n - Self-efforts\n\n - Social network\n\n - Links through WhatsApp\n\n - Through the CSC\n\n - UNICEF office\n\n - Friends\n\n - School\n\n - TV\n\n - Lectures\n\n - Phones\n\n - A family member who took online courses\n\n - Online research\n\n - Google search\n\n\n**5.6** **Analysis and Findings**\n\n\nA total of 275 refugees participated in this consultation process through 7 Focused Group\nDiscussions in 7 locations in July 2018. 167 (61%) were adult females, 51 (21%) were\nadult males and 27 (18%) were children and youth under 18.\n\n\n134 participants (49%) indicated that they have been aware of connected learning and\ndescribed it as learning, studying, or simply researching a subject and gaining new\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "knowledge and skills using the internet. 140 (51%) have not been aware of what the\nconcept means.\n\n\n62 respondents (25%) have undertaken and completed on line courses, but all of them\nwere informal self-paced learning experiences through Youtube, ICDL, Facebook, AlAwael, and Google.\n\n\n57 (20.7%) respondents found this mode of learning very helpful, 5 were not satisfied.\n\n\n171 (62.1%) respondents indicated their preference for the Arabic language as the\npreferred language of e- learning whereas 126 (45.8%) would prefer English. The\nnoticeable contradiction in percentage is due to the fact that many of the participants\nwould rather take both approaches at the same time, meaning, and start taking course in\nArabic, while working on their English languages to take the courses in English when they\nare able.\n\n\n_**The highest interest was expressed in English language courses, 242 (88%),**_ Math,\n60 (21.8%), Arabic language, 56 (20.3%) and many other subjects (see Table).\n\n\n - English language 242\n\n - Maths 60\n\n - Arabic language 56\n\n - Tailoring / dress making 33\n\n - Computer IT skills 25\n\n - Primary education 14\n\n - Secondary education 11\n\n - Tertiary education 6\n\n - ECD/ games 6\n\n - Art 5\n\n - Cooking and life skills 5\n\n - Human development 5\n\n - General information 4\n\n - Fashion design 4\n\n - Photography 4\n\n - Science 3\n\n - Islamic studies / Quaraan 3\n\n - Beauty and personal care 3\n\n - Graphic design 3\n\n - Teaching 2\n\n - Physics 2\n\n - Recycling 2\n\n - E-marketing 1\n\n - Film direction 1\n\n - Business management 1\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "knowledge and skills using the internet", - "confidence": 0.5805948972702026, - "start": 0, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5484073758125305, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Video editing 1\n\n - Psychology 1\n\n\n**6. Follow-up Focus Group Discussions with Connected learning users (18-25 years**\n**old)**\n\n\nThe seven Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were followed by a post implementation\nreview of online courses and connected learning mediums; the purpose of the follow-up\nFGDs is to evaluate the impact of said educational medium, as well as probe for\nopinions/insights from beneficiaries. Also, the aim was to benefit from the students\u2019\n(where the majority was Refugees) experience in on-line courses and Connected\nLearning approach in order to know the advantages and disadvantages of this\nprogressive method. In addition, the purpose was to find potential ways to improve this\napproach and expand it to encompass different academic and non-academic topics.\nFurthermore, one of the goals was to figure out how important this approach is, and\nwhat can be done to include different age groups. The session was conducted in\nAmman (Centre) and the North Irbid, and Mafraq. A total of 26 respondents attended\nthe FGDs (6 in Amman, 10 in Irbid, and 10 in Mafraq).\n\n\n**Survey Questions and Responses**\n\n\nTo achieve our goal, a questionnaire (see below) was distributed to the students which\nis similar to the one mentioned earlier (see 5.4) but with minor changes.\n\n\n - **Have you heard of \u201cConnected Learning\u201d as a term?**\n\n\n14 Students were familiar with the term \u201cConnected Learning\u201d while 12 of them have\n\nnever heard of this term before despite being enrolled in connected learning\nprograms.\n\n - **What do you understand from the term \u201cConnected Learning\u201d?**\n\n\n - To learn through the internet\n\n - It is a new approach that means using electronic devices to study without having\n\na tutor or teacher.\n\n - To learn through the internet, and this kind of learning can help you pursue your\n\neducation in universities\n\n - Online-courses that are offered by the university\n\n - A continuous learning that begins in the elementary level to the tertiary level\n\n - Different levels of learning starting from level 1\n\n - A student-centered approach that focuses on the students and not the teacher as\n\nthe teacher is only a facilitator.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - A type of learning that links between the students\u2019 interests and the existing\n\nopportunities.\n\n - Leaning using two or more electronic devices.\n\n\n - **Have you attempted/ started any on-line course(s)? What are they?**\n\n\nMost of the participants took on-line English and Computer science courses that are\noffered. Only few students took other courses such as Business English, Marketing,\nJava Script, Business Administration, in addition to other courses that are offered by\nEdraak and Edx platform.\n\n\n - **What made you consider an on-line course?**\n\n\n - Find new ways to learn\n\n - Learning through the internet is a progressive way of learning,\n\n - It is much easier than the traditional ways\n\n - No obstacles comparing to learning in a classroom\n\n - Learn new things at any time you want\n\n - Self-development\n\n - To improve English language level\n\n - Easy access (you can access at home)\n\n - Reach the information easily\n\n - Earn certificate from International universities\n\n - Save time and efforts\n\n - Unique, especially if it is followed a scholarship.\n\n - To pursue my education\n\n - Seize the opportunity to pursue education in one of the international university\n\nand achieve my goal\n\n - love to learn\n\n - Geographic Proximity: Centers close to home\n\n - Increase our knowledge (esp. in English and computer), and learn new skills, and\n\ngeneral information\n\n - Save money (low cost)- free\n\n - There is nothing to lose\n\n - Fun way to learn, you never get bored\n\n - To help my children in their homework and study\n\n - This is the only way of direct learning as I am not enrolled at any university as I\n\ncannot afford the tuition.\n\n - **How did you find out about this course?**\n\n\n - Social media\n\n - Friends\n\n - Community Centers (Princess Basma Center for Human Development)\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Call\n\n - Education platforms\n\n - JOHUD\n\n - Searching online\n\n\n - **What was the cost? Did you receive any financial subsidy / assistance?**\n\n**Where from?**\n\n\nAll the 26 participants said that the courses they accessed are free (though scholarship)\nLimited Transportation allowance provided.\n\n\n - **How was your experience with on-line courses? Good or bad? If good,**\n\n**why? And if bad, what were the difficulties/ challenges that you face?**\n\n\nFeedback varied. Some saw it as a positive experience whereas others perceived it as\nnegative. The following justifies their answers:\n\n\n**Good because**\n\n\n - Easy and fun\n\n - Free as we can\u2019t afford paying\n\n - You can learn at home or any place\n\n - You can learn at anytime\n\n - Some facilitators are really good at teaching and knowledgeable.\n\n - Fast (the course does not last for a long time)\n\n - progressive way of learning\n\n - You have many choices to learn from\n\n - The facilitator role is very important in order to guide the learners/give them\n\nguidelines.\n\n - No certificates are required as a prerequisite.\n\n - Easy access\n\n - Help my kids learn in a better way and understand the curriculum\n\n - Enhance my knowledge about my major\n\n - They are provided through the internet\n\n\n**Bad because**\n\n\n - It needs high English skills since most courses are in English\n\n - No motivation\n\n - Nothing clear about pursuing my education in accredited universities.\n\n - Interrupted internet connection which means that it will take a long time\n\n - No PC / access through cell phones (very slow)\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - No hardcopy certificate rather soft copy which is not recognized for job\n\napplication.\n\n - In advanced levels, the content is difficult to be understood\n\n - Difficult tasks/ Homework as one of them was to write more than 300 words in\n\nEnglish.\n\n - Not as expected\n\n - Not serious like traditional learning\n\n - You get distracted easily\n\n - Boring, sometimes, as there is no interaction between the students frequent\n\nchange of facilitators\n\n - No previous notification about the date of the session.\n\n - Lack of knowledge re registration process.\n\n - limited courses available\n\n\n**6.1 Analysis and Findings**\n\n\nThe total number was 26 participants (18-35 years old). 16 (62%) were females, while\n10 (38%) were males. 22 (85%) were refugees. 50% of the participants are current\ncollege/ university students or have graduated from a college/ university, while the other\nhalf of the learners are not enrolled at any educational institution at the tertiary level.\n\n\n14 participants (54%) mentioned that they are familiar with \u201cconnected learning\u201d and\ndefined it as learning through the internet and taking on-line courses using electronic\ndevices. 12 (46%) have never heard of the concept.\n\n\n20 (77%) participants have completed on-line courses that were offered by different\nuniversities, such as: Hong Kong University and Stanford University through Kiron\nplatform, in addition to coursera and Edraak Platform. Only 6 (23%) respondents have\nnot completed any on-line courses yet.\n\n\nOnly 9 (35%) participants believe that the certificate they received after completing the\non-line courses is accredited as it is from international university, 8 (30%) believe that the\ndegree is not recognized, and 9 (35%) do not know as they have not tried to use it to\npursue their education or find a job.\n\n\n22 (85%) respondents found this learning approach helpful for different reasons, such as\nself-development (14), leading to future studies (14), improving their English language\n(3), and enhancing their C.V. and find a good job (3). The overlap between the numbers\nis due to the fact that some participants mentioned more than one reason. On the other\nhand, only 4 (15%) do not believe that it is useful as the on-line degree is not an official\ndegree and it is not accredited while looking for a job.\n\n\nRegarding the main language of instruction, 5 (19%) participants indicated that the online courses were in English, and that they did not face any difficulties because of the\nfacilitator. However, 18 participants (69%) stated that the courses were in English and\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "connected learning", - "confidence": 0.5034326314926147, - "start": 200, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "on-line courses", - "confidence": 0.7902270555496216, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6251136064529419, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "they faced difficulties in grammar, new terminologies, vocabulary, and in communication.\nAlso, some students are weak in English and have no previous experience in how to use\nthe computer and they have to use the dictionary a lot; while 2 (8%) participants\nmentioned that the courses were in Arabic with no difficulties at all.\n\n\n20 (77%) participants would prefer to take the on-line courses in English to improve their\nEnglish skills and to learn new vocabulary. 2 (7%) participants showed their preference\nto take the on-line courses in Arabic, whereas 2 (7%) participants indicated that it depends\non the course. For example, they prefer to take medical, English, computer, and political\nsciences courses in English, while other courses to be offered in Arabic. 2 (7%)\nparticipants indicated that they prefer the course to be offered in a combination between\nthe two languages. Only 1(3%) participant indicated that the language does not matter as\nlong as he is learning.\n\n\nGiven an assisted opportunity, the participants expressed their interest to take different\non-line courses, especially English and Computer skills courses as both of them are very\nessential while looking for a job. The highest interest was expressed in English language\ncourses, 14 (54%), computer science/computer skills and a whole Business\nAdministration course, 9 (35%), languages, (Turkish/German/ Italian/French), 7 (27%), in\naddition to other subjects (see below).\n\n\n - English language 14\n\n - Computer Science/ Computer Skills 9\n\n - Whole Business Administration course 9\n\n - Political Sciences 2\n\n - Fashion design 1\n\n - Nursing 1\n\n - Law 1\n\n - Mass Media 1\n\n - Engineering 1\n\n - Literature 1\n\n - Social Work 1\n\n - Child Education 1\n\n - Sociology and psychology 1\n\n - Web development 1\n\n - Data entry 1\n\n - Medical courses (advanced public health, first aid ) 1\n\n - Renewable energy 1\n\n - Education 1\n\n - Industry 1\n\n\nIn addition to the academic courses, participants are also interested in improving\ndifferent social and life skills, such as:\n\n\n - English skills- written and spoken English skills (conversation) 20\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Computer skills - ICDL (essential while looking for a job) 6\n\n - How to write a CV. 5\n\n - Self- development and how to be independent and achieve my goal 3\n\n - How to apply for the universities\u2019 scholarships 2\n\n - General life skills 2\n\n - Languages (Dutch and Turkish) 2\n\n - How to learn through the internet 1\n\n - Business 1\n\n - ToT courses 1\n\n - Medical skills 1\n\n - Improving writing skills 1\n\n - How to get involved in a new community. 1\n\n - How to apply for a job 1\n\n - Career terminologies 1\n\n\n**Recommendations for the Way Forward**\n\n\n1. Always offer English language and computer skills as preparatory on-line modules\n\nas these two skills are mandatory in most online courses.\n\n2. Combine face to face coaching by instructors as well as peer interaction for it\n\nproved achieving successful connected learning results.\n\n3. Provide learners\u2019 original stamped hard-copy certificates once they complete the\n\non-line courses.\n\n4. Recognize and accredit Certificates will help in terms of job searching or when\n\npursue education in colleges and universities inside and outside Jordan.\n\n5. Offer courses in different and various majors and aspects (academic and non\nacademic courses), and not to be limited to particular majors.\n\n6. Offer courses that are related to different life skills (communication and\n\ninterpersonal skills, critical thinking, decision making and problem solving, in\naddition to courses that show the learners how to engage in a new community).\n\n7. Counselling provision before the students\u2019 enrolment in on-line courses to explain\n\nclearly the purpose of the courses, recognition and accreditation aspects for\npursuing education and applying for jobs and what future opportunities it will\nprovide.\n\n8. Offering online courses that consist of intermediate and advanced level.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7. Conclusion**\n\n\nTaking into consideration the obstacles and the challenges that refugees encounter in elearning, UNHCR seeks to find sustainable solutions for various problems, such as\noffering offline educational platforms and collaborating with leading satellite operators to\nprovide internet access solutions for urban and rural areas where CL programs will be\nimplemented. As observed in FGDs, Blended/Connected learning is making a positive\nimpact on the learners' educational pathway and their future life prospects, while providing\nflexibility and accessibility. Also, Blended/Connected learning can open employment\nopportunities for refugees to work as facilitators in various CL programs, by developing\nand utilizing their educational capacities and skills. Greater demand and interest in\nblended learning opportunities by the refugee community in Jordan is anticipated.\n\n\n**8. References**\n\n\n[www.connectedlerning.edu.mt](http://www.connectedlerning.edu.mt/)\n\n\nBlended e-learning Approach at the University of Jordan\u201d Dua\u2019 Saadeh University of\nJordan, Jordan [doaa.saadah@ju.edu.jo, Qays Al-Karimi University of Jordan, Jordan](mailto:doaa.saadah@ju.edu.jo)\n[alkarimi@live.com](mailto:alkarimi@live.com)\n\n\nhttps://padileia.org/\n\n\n[https://campus.kiron.ngo/](https://campus.kiron.ngo/)\n\n\n[http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/](http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/)\n\n\n[http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/fund/](http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/connectivity-for-refugees/fund/)\n\n\nMoE Strategic Plan document \u2013 insert full details\n\n\nContacts\n\n\n - [Zeina Jadaan, Associate Protection Officer: jadaan@unhcr.org](mailto:jadaan@unhcr.org)\n\n[For more information, please visit https://data2.unhcr.org/en/working-group/49](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/working-group/49)\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63b911f-c708-3ba0-bc6d-afa57e84d0c6/69562.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_186/raw/doc_186_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_186/raw/doc_186_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8ea0efb0e8307ea5923d6f7e2637bd439578180f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_186/raw/doc_186_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2742 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SOCIO-ECONOMIC** **SURVEY AND** **POST-DISTRIBUTION** **MONITORING**\n###### UNHCR\u2019s Assistance Programmes for Returnees, IDPs, and Persons with Specific Needs\n\nreintegration of Afghans who decide to return home. \u00a9UNHCR/S. Rich\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n## **Contents**\n\nExecutive Summary 3\n\nMethodology 5\n\nPopulation Movement Dynamics and Intentions 7\n\nFood Security and Vulnerability 9\n\nLivelihoods and Shelter 11\n\nAccess to Services and Civil Documentation 13\n\nCommunity Relations 17\n\nPost-Distribution Monitoring 18\n\nPersons with Specific Needs 20\n\nNext Steps 21\n\n#### **Acknowledgments**\n\n\nWe would like to thank first and foremost the thousands of returnees, internally displaced persons and host\ncommunity respondents who agreed to take the survey and contributed invaluable information. We would also like\nto acknowledge the partnership and appreciate the generous contributions from the following donors that made\nthis report possible: the European Union, the People of Japan and the Republic of Korea, as well as recognise\nglobal unearmarked funding to UNHCR from Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland,\nthe United Kingdom and the United States.\n\n\n\nApartment 1, Building 2,\nSilo Road, District 5,\nKabul, Afghanistan\nEmail shohrat.wardak@gmail.com\n\n\n\nUNHCR Afghanistan\nICON Compound\nSupreme Road, District # 9\nJalalabad Road, Kabul, Afghanistan\nTelephone: 41 22 739 7500, Facsimile: 41 22 739 7501\nEmail: afgka@unhcr.org\n\n\n2 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nOrange Door Research\n2312 Shire Lane\nDavis, CA 95616\nUSA\nEmail: inquiries@orangedoorresearch.com\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.8858444690704346, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6977083683013916, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7576749920845032, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9792017340660095, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7001195549964905, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n## **Executive Summary**\n\nOver the course of 2018 some 15,699 Afghan refugees returned under\nUNHCR\u2019s facilitated voluntary repatriation program, with the majority\nreturning from Pakistan (13,584) followed by smaller numbers from Iran\n(1,964) and other countries (151). At the same time, according to IOM, over\n800,000 undocumented Afghans returned from Iran (over 773,000) and\nPakistan (over 32,000) [1] . These returns took place against a backdrop of\nincreased internal displacement due to conflict and the nationwide drought\nin 2018, during which over 550,000 individuals were newly displaced,\nadding to the more than 500,000 who were displaced in 2017.\n\n\n\nAfter return, many face a range of challenges including\nfood insecurity and limited access to land, long-term\nsustainable shelter, and services including healthcare,\neducation, legal assistance and civil documentation,\nwhile livelihoods opportunities that enable returnees to\nsupport themselves and their families are increasingly\nscarce.\n\nIn November 2018, UNHCR contracted Orange Door\nResearch and VOTO Afghanistan to use mobile phone\nsurveys to collect real-time data from the 2017 and\n2018 returnee population, conflict-induced IDPs, host\ncommunities, and individuals assisted under UNHCR\u2019s\nPersons with Specific Needs (PSN) Programme. Over\nthe course of the project, Orange Door Research\nand VOTO Afghanistan conducted a total of 14,477\nsurveys, including 2,738 surveys with returnees who\ncame back to Afghanistan through UNHCR assistance,\n4,350 surveys with IDPs and 3,351 surveys with host\ncommunities, in addition to 2,738 returnee PostDistribution Monitoring surveys and 1,300 PSN surveys.\n\nThe complexity and scope of this data gives UNHCR\nAfghanistan a detailed, granular view of the range of\nprotection challenges across Afghanistan. UNHCR\nis also able to analyze this information at scale, to\ndetermine and track key trends amongst UNHCRassisted returnees and IDPs.\n\n\n1. The figures for undocumented returns include an unknown\nnumber of Afghans who move back and forth between Afghanistan\nand neighbouring countries, particularly Iran, for employment, trade,\nor other temporary reasons. As such, it is unclear to what extend\nthese figures represent sustainable returns or ongoing cross border\nmovements.\n\n\n\nSURVEYS OVER THE COURSE OF THE PROJECT\n\n\n### 14,477\n\n\n\nsurveys conducted\n\n\n\nProvinces\n### 34 311\n\n\n##### 2,738 4,350 3,351\n\n\n\nsurveys with\nreturnees,\n\nsurveys\nwith IDPs\n\nsurveys\nwith host\ncommunities\n\n\n\nDistricts\n\n\nreturnee\nPost-Distribution\nMonitoring surveys\n\nPSN surveys\n\n\n##### 2,738 1,300\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobile phone\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9663277268409729, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5853411555290222, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.978424072265625, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6526139974594116, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee population", - "confidence": 0.8941787481307983, - "start": 224, - "end": 226 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "returnee PostDistribution Monitoring surveys", - "confidence": 0.6051298975944519, - "start": 308, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5818212628364563, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.951779842376709, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSN surveys", - "confidence": 0.776252031326294, - "start": 316, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5796476006507874, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9591366052627563, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys with\nreturnees", - "confidence": 0.9202857613563538, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6911986470222473, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nComparing the data from these surveys with a similar\nexercise conducted last year leads to the following key\nfindings:\n\n**\u2022** **Population movement increased but may now be**\n**stagnating.** Returnees are less likely to be living\nin their province of origin than they were last year\nbut the majority now say they don\u2019t plan to leave\ntheir current location. Perception of security has\nimproved among returnees and IDPs which may\ninfluence reduced movement, but among IDPs\nthere is an increased desire to leave their current\ndisplacement location compared with last year.\n\n**\u2022** **Food security has deteriorated** among returnees\nand IDPs over the past year. Food security among\nthe host community, however, has improved.\n\n**\u2022** **Incomes have declined among some groups.**\nSome 56% of 2017 returnees report earning at least\n5,000Afs (approximately USD 67) per month, which\nis similar to the 54% of 2017 returnees surveyed\nlast year. However, this is in contrast to only 47% of\n2018 returnees, highlighting that incomes are lower\namong more recent returnees. Income among IDPs\ndeclined compared with last year.\n\n**\u2022** **Access to education and other services, however,**\n**has improved and the use of child labor has**\n**declined** . Among 2018 returnees, 61% of boy\nchildren and 36% of girl children are currently in\nschool, compared to last year\u2019s estimate of 55%\n\n\n4 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nof boy children and 30% of girl children. Only 5%\nof 2018 returnees rely on child labor as a coping\nmechanism, compared to last year\u2019s estimate of\n16%. Access to healthcare has improved slightly:\n27% of 2018 returnees were unable to access\nhealthcare compared to 31% last year. Access to\nwater and documentation such as the Tazkira has\nremained stable.\n\n**\u2022** **No significant improvement or deterioration**\n**in tensions with host communities.** While the\npercentage of host communities that view returnees\nas \u201cgood\u201d for their community declined, so did\nstrongly negative views towards returnees. The\nmain trend has been an increase in neutral feelings\ntowards returnees. Similar trends were observed for\nIDPs.\n\n**\u2022** **Satisfaction with UNHCR remains high.** The study\nfinds that 96% of beneficiaries report satisfaction\nwith the assistance they received from UNHCR.\n\n**\u2022** **Female-headed households and returnees in areas**\n**controlled by non-state armed groups (NSAGs)**\n**are the most vulnerable populations,** especially in\nterms of food security. Rural populations also tend\nto be more vulnerable than urban populations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.8950194120407104, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8531773090362549, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province of origin", - "confidence": 0.7828389406204224, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8370163440704346, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.6176398396492004, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnees", - "confidence": 0.9637510776519775, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Methodology**\n\nThis project supplements UNHCR Afghanistan\u2019s\non-going protection monitoring and real-time data\ncollection efforts by using regular mobile phone surveys\nto expand UNHCR\u2019s understanding of the challenges\nfaced by returnees and IDPs through representative\nsampling and wider geographic coverage, allowing\nUNHCR to track key trends nationwide through a\nparallel host community survey. Using mobile phones for\nhousehold surveys is feasible in Afghanistan because\nof the high rate of mobile phone ownership. The Asia\nFoundation\u2019s 2018 Survey of the Afghan people found\nthat 89.5% of Afghan households reported owning at\nleast one phone. [2] Furthermore, phone surveys allow us\nto assess the situation of returnees and IDPs in insecure\nor remote areas where access remains a challenge.\n\nSurveys were collected on an ongoing basis at the\nrate of 142 completed per day, conducted via Orange\nDoor\u2019s custom-designed call center in Kabul. [3] The\n64-question survey instrument was developed by\nUNHCR Afghanistan, VOTO Mobile and Orange Door\nResearch through a consultative process. It covers\na range of issues related to population movement\ndynamics including displacement, safety and security,\naccess to basic services, livelihoods, housing, land and\nproperty rights, and access to documentation, which are\nin line with the IASC framework criteria for measuring to\nwhat extent a durable solution has been achieved. The\nsurvey can also be adapted in real-time to meet UNHCR\nAfghanistan\u2019s changing information needs.\n\nIn addition, ODR conducted post-distribution monitoring\n(PDM) surveys among newly arrived returnees\nand persons with specific needs (PSN) who were\nprovided with cash grants. This study aims to ensure\naccountability and to assess the impact, efficiency, and\neffectiveness of the cash grant. This survey employs a\nseparate questionnaire consisting of 45 questions.\n\nUNHCR provided ODR with the contact numbers\nof returnees, IDPs, and beneficiaries of the PSN\nprogramme. Based on these databases, ODR randomly\nselected respondents. The host community respondents\nwere first identified using an automated interactive\nvoice response (IVR) survey based on random-digit\ndialing. This method ensures that every active mobile\nSIM card in Afghanistan has an equal chance of being\nselected for the survey. The host community survey was\n\n\n2. Akseer, Tabasum and John Rieger, Afghanistan in 2018: A Survey\nof the Afghan People, The Asia Foundation, 2018, p.6, available at\nhttps://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018_AfghanSurvey_fullReport-12.4.18.pdf\n\n3. The call center consists of four male and three female full-time staff.\n\n\n\nSocio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nconducted with respondents who (a) completed the\nautomated IVR survey; and (b) identified as neither a\nreturnee nor a displaced person.\n\nFor returnees and IDPs, the answer rate (i.e., percentage\nof calls that were answered) was 47% and 40%,\nrespectively. The response rate amongst returnees and\nIDPs who answered the phone (i.e. who then agreed\nto take the survey) was 85% and 88%, respectively. For\nhost communities, the answer rate was 50%, and the\nresponse rate was 85%. For the PSN study, the answer\nrate was 44% and the response rate was 75%.\n\n\nCONFIDENCE INTERVALS\n\n|Confidence Interval Returnee Surveys (all)|+/- 2%|\n|---|---|\n|Confdence Interval 2018 Returnee Surveys|+/- 4%|\n|Confdence Interval 2017 Returnee Surveys|+/- 3%|\n|Confdence Interval IDP Surveys|+/- 2%|\n|Confdence Interval host
community Surveys|+/- 2%|\n|Confdence Interval PSN Surveys|+/- 3%|\n\n\n\nThese confidence intervals apply to the population of\nreturnees and IDPs who provided their mobile phone\nnumbers to UNHCR. This population may not be\nrepresentative of the returnee and IDP populations as\na whole. The sample possesses a mobile phone and\nworking SIM card, which is not true of all returnees and\nIDPs, and the sample was able to access humanitarian\naid. It is not possible to control for any biases in this\nsample because representative data on the general\nreturnee and IDP populations is not available.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobile phone surveys", - "confidence": 0.9030337929725647, - "start": 27, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7398551106452942, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8789765238761902, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.766819417476654, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees and IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5820720791816711, - "start": 41, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "64-question survey instrument", - "confidence": 0.5180211663246155, - "start": 173, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6694628000259399, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Orange Door", - "confidence": 0.5241432785987854, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.649950385093689, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.7055050730705261, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7857829928398132, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6051234006881714, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7046862244606018, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSN study", - "confidence": 0.5524182915687561, - "start": 575, - "end": 577 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5446478724479675, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5888433456420898, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Returnee Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9719483256340027, - "start": 622, - "end": 624 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7079262733459473, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9324977397918701, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees and IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8548589944839478, - "start": 692, - "end": 695 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Paktika|Nimroz|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|HOST COMMU
PER PROVINCE
201 - 961
101 - 200
26 - 50
1 - 25
51 - 100
0
RVEYS COLLECTED PER PROVINCE
ct-level data were coded based on Appendix F of \u201cQuarterly
o the United States Congress, 31 January 2019\u201d, Special
r General of Afghanistan Reconstruction.|HOST COMMU
PER PROVINCE
201 - 961
101 - 200
26 - 50
1 - 25
51 - 100
0
RVEYS COLLECTED PER PROVINCE
ct-level data were coded based on Appendix F of \u201cQuarterly
o the United States Congress, 31 January 2019\u201d, Special
r General of Afghanistan Reconstruction.|\n|||\n|||\n|Badghis
Baghlan
Balkh
Bamyan
Daykundi
Farah
Faryab
Ghazni
Ghor
Hilmand
irat
Jawzjan
Kandahar
Khost
Kunduz
Nangarhar
Nimroz
Paktika
Parwan
Samangan
Sari Pul
Uruzgan
Wardak
Zabul
Badakh
Takhar
Panjshir
Nuris

Laghman
Kabul
Paktya
Kapisa
Logar|Badghis
Baghlan
Balkh
Bamyan
Daykundi
Farah
Faryab
Ghazni
Ghor
Hilmand
irat
Jawzjan
Kandahar
Khost
Kunduz
Nangarhar
Nimroz
Paktika
Parwan
Samangan
Sari Pul
Uruzgan
Wardak
Zabul
Badakh
Takhar
Panjshir
Nuris

Laghman
Kabul
Paktya
Kapisa
Logar|\n\n\n\n0\n1 - 25\n\n26 - 50\n51 - 100\n101 - 200\n201 - 751\n\n\n6 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\n3 - 25\n26 - 50\n51 - 100\n101 - 200\n201 - 943\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RVEYS COLLECTED PER PROVINCE", - "confidence": 0.9185113310813904, - "start": 62, - "end": 66 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "ct-level data", - "confidence": 0.6093957424163818, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9260678887367249, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7759126424789429, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ct-level data", - "confidence": 0.9897983074188232, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8547021746635437, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.883621335029602, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Population Movement Dynamics and Intentions**\n\n\n\nPopulation movements have increased since last\nyear. Overall, 53% of 2018 returnees and 46% of 2017\nreturnees surveyed this year are currently living in their\nprovince of origin. [5] This is lower than the findings from\nlast year, in which 61% of 2017 returnees were living in\ntheir province of origin. Female-headed households\nare significantly more likely to live in their province of\norigin than male-headed households (77% versus 51% of\n2018 returnees) as female-headed households prefer to\nlive in proximity to extended families and relatives who\nnormally provide necessary protection and support to\nthem. Returnees in rural areas are nearly twice as likely\nto live in their province of origin than urban returnees\n(62% versus 35%). Living in provinces of origin allows\nreturnees to avail themselves of the protection and\nassistance afforded by their families, relatives and\ntheir tribes within the community. In that sense it helps\nthem cope with the situation and puts them in a better\nposition to take advantage of job opportunities available\nin the community.\n\n\nLIVING IN PROVINCE OF ORIGIN\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n\nDESIRE TO LEAVE CURRENT LOCATION\n\n\n**2018 Survey IDPs** **2017 Survey IDPs**\n\n\n\nIDPs\n### 17%\n\n\n\nIDPs\n### 9%\n\n\n\n2018 Returnees\n\n53%\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n2017 Returnees\n\n61%\n\n\nYes\n\n\n\n2017 Returnees\n\n46%\n\n\n2016 Returnees\n\n\n\nInsecurity is the most common reason for not living\nin the province of origin cited by both 2018 returnees\n(40%) and 2017 returnees (56%) in this year\u2019s survey.\n2018 saw a clear degradation of a situation already\n\n\n5. Last year\u2019s study also found that 64% of 2016 returnees were living\nin their province of origin\n\n\n\napparent in 2017, with open warfare between insurgents\nand Afghan security forces causing a high level of\nrecorded civilian casualties. The second and third mostcited reasons for both groups are a lack of shelter and\na lack of jobs and economic opportunities. [6] These top\nthree reasons are identical to the results obtained from\nlast year\u2019s study. Indeed, 92% of returnees in NSAGcontrolled districts are living in their province of origin,\ncompared with only 42% of returnees in governmentcontrolled areas. Returnees, apparently, are unlikely to\nventure into NSAG-controlled districts unless they were\nborn there. In general, the current lack of absorption\ncapacity in Afghanistan, in terms of access to income\nand social protection, remains a key obstacle to the\nenjoyment of social and economic rights and the\nattainment of durable solutions by returnees and IDPs. In\nthis sense, the situation of returnees and IDPs during the\npast years has not been significantly different to that of\nhost communities. Despite ongoing advocacy efforts by\nUNHCR and other partners, progress toward institution\nbuilding has been slow, and the Afghan administrative\nstructures, in particular at the provincial and district\nlevels, still show important weaknesses in dealing with\nreturn and reintegration. However, it is important to\nnote that returnee and IDP issues have during recent\nyears achieved a higher place in the political agenda\nincluding establishment of the Displacement and\nReturnee Executive Committee and the finalization of\na national action plan to support durable solutions and\nreintegration efforts.\n\nGreater population movements are also observed\namong IDPs. Approximately 17% of IDPs surveyed\nthis year state a desire to leave their current location,\ncompared with only 9% of IDPs surveyed last year. The\nmain reasons why IDPs plan to leave are a desire to\nreturn to their place of origin (94%), lack of land (86%),\nlack of services (85%), lack of shelter (84%), and lack of\njobs (74%). These motivations are similar to the results\nfrom last year\u2019s study.\n\n\n6. Among 2018 returnees, 31% cited a lack of shelter and 25% cited\na lack of jobs and economic opportunities. Among 2017 returnees,\n26% cited a lack of shelter and 16% cited a lack of jobs and economic\nopportunities.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9455112814903259, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Population Movement Dynamics and Intentions", - "confidence": 0.521609902381897, - "start": 13, - "end": 18 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8175691962242126, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province of origin", - "confidence": 0.9131909608840942, - "start": 49, - "end": 52 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9654473662376404, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8951542973518372, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8605064749717712, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LIVING IN PROVINCE OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.5388241410255432, - "start": 213, - "end": 218 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "DESIRE TO LEAVE CURRENT LOCATION", - "confidence": 0.7650306820869446, - "start": 224, - "end": 229 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9695819616317749, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PROVINCE OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.7734471559524536, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7475815415382385, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.966008722782135, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8785399794578552, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 Survey", - "confidence": 0.5554438233375549, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8854519724845886, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PROVINCE OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.5619344711303711, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7399798631668091, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7455970048904419, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8503161072731018, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 Survey", - "confidence": 0.5092058181762695, - "start": 261, - "end": 263 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.795953631401062, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PROVINCE OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.6342192888259888, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7516611218452454, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5766986012458801, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8488656282424927, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8522070646286011, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7629945874214172, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7168745994567871, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.513465166091919, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9176280498504639, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7367870211601257, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAGcontrolled districts", - "confidence": 0.6776361465454102, - "start": 416, - "end": 418 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.629342794418335, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8445221185684204, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nDespite these findings, there is some evidence to\nindicate _less_ movement among returnees in the future.\nOnly 2% of 2018 returnees and 1% of 2017 returnees\nsurveyed this year report that they plan to leave\ntheir current location. This compares with over 9% of\nreturnees surveyed last year. Nearly all of the returnees\nwho plan to leave their current location are doing so to\nfind a job.\n\nReturnees are also more likely to end up in their\nintended destinations. Some 82% of 2018 returnees and\n69% of 2017 returnees surveyed this year are currently\nliving in the province indicated on their UNHCR\ndocuments. Last year\u2019s study found that 67% of 2017\nreturnees and 77% of 2016 returnees were living in their\nintended destination.\n\nReturnees also remain optimistic about the future.\nApproximately 83% of 2018 returnees and 80% of 2017\nreturnees surveyed this year believe that security has\nimproved in the past year. This is slightly higher than\nthe results from last year\u2019s survey, in which 79% of\n2017 returnees and 66% of 2016 returnees believed\nthe security situation had improved. IDPs are nearly as\noptimistic, with 73% of IDPs believing that the security\nsituation has improved over the past year. These\nperceptions do not necessarily indicate that security\nhas actually improved. But insecurity is the main driver\nof population movements, so a perception that security\nis improving provides another indicator that population\nmovements may further decline in 2019.\n\n\n8 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nPerceptions on security depend on the location of the\nreturnees and IDPs. Approximately 87% of returnees\nin government-controlled districts believe the security\nhas improved, compared with only 55% of returnees\nin NSAG-controlled areas and 64% in contested areas.\nIDPs in government-controlled districts are also the\nmost optimistic, with 77% believing that security has\nimproved. This is similar to the level of optimism among\nIDPs in NSAG-controlled areas, with 72% believing that\nsecurity has improved. Only 67% of IDPs in contested\ndistricts feel this way.\n\nThe optimism among returnees and IDPs contrasts\nwith views among the host community. Only 29% of\nthe host community believes the security situation has\nimproved over the past year; 35% of the host community\nbelieves security has remained the same, while 36%\nbelieves it has gotten worse. [7] By contrast, only 5%\nof 2018 returnees believe security has deteriorated.\nTo some extent, the data might indicate that people\nbecome more cynical over time. Approximately 9% of\n2017 returnees believe the security situation has gotten\nworse. Although this is still much lower than the host\ncommunity, it is nearly double the estimate for 2018\nreturnees.\n\n\n7. Surprisingly, the host communities in contested districts are\nmore optimistic (32%) than those in govt-controlled (29%) or NSAGcontrolled (22%) districts.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9433732628822327, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7338275909423828, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6671671271324158, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province", - "confidence": 0.5979812741279602, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5093404054641724, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9014163017272949, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9902806282043457, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\ndocuments", - "confidence": 0.8541927933692932, - "start": 119, - "end": 121 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7501884698867798, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province", - "confidence": 0.6779158115386963, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6011578440666199, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9739968180656433, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6652968525886536, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8259721398353577, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5742324590682983, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7473278045654297, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8996726274490356, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.699954092502594, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7781316637992859, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8203794360160828, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Food Security and Vulnerability**\n\n\n\nFood security among returnees and IDPs appears to be\ndeteriorating, even as food security improves for the\nhost community. Approximately 54% of 2018 returnees\nand 51% of 2017 returnees surveyed this year report\nskipping a meal or reducing their food intake in the\npast week. This is a dramatic rise from last year\u2019s study,\nwhich found that only 27% of 2017 returnees (and 39%\nof 2016 returnees) reported skipping a meal or reducing\ntheir food intake. Some of this deterioration in food\nsecurity is driven by trends in NSAG-controlled areas:\n80% of returnees in NSAG-controlled districts report\nskipping a meal, compared with 53% in governmentcontrolled areas and 55% in contested areas. Femaleheaded households remain more vulnerable than\n\n\nDID ANYONE SKIP A MEAL OR REDUCE\nFOOD INTAKE IN THE LAST WEEK?\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n2018 Returnees 2017 Returnee\n\n\n54% 51%\n\n\n\nmale-headed households, with 74% of female heads\nof household reporting that they skipped a meal in\nthe past week, compared to 52% of male heads. Rural\nhouseholds are slightly more likely to skip a meal than\nurban households (55% versus 51%).\n\n\nCHILDREN UNDER 14 WORKING IN TIME OF NEED\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n2018 Returnees 2017 Returnees IDPs\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n2017 Returnees 2016 Returnees IDPs\n\n\nNo\n\nYes\n\n\nThese trends parallel a decline in food security among\nIDPs: 65% of people displaced during 2018 reported\nskipping a meal or reducing food intake, compared with\n55% of 2017 IDPs surveyed last year. IDPs in government-controlled areas report slightly worse food security\nthan those in NSAG-controlled areas (68% report skipping a meal in government-controlled areas versus 64%\nin NSAG-controlled areas), possibly because the most\nvulnerable IDPs have fled NSAG areas. Female-headed\ndisplaced households face greater food-related challenges than male-headed households (77% versus 64%),\nbut there is no significant difference in food security\nbetween urban and rural IDPs. While there is need\nfor further analysis to determine the reasons for this\ndeterioration in food security, it is to be noted that last\nyear Afghanistan faced a nationwide drought, the worst\nin a lifetime affecting more than 3 million Afghans and\nresulting in massive displacement in several parts of the\ncountry, in particular the western region.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 9\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\nHost Community\n\n\n\n2017 Returnees 2016 Returnee\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\nHost Community\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9357035756111145, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.738286554813385, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAG-controlled areas", - "confidence": 0.5447574853897095, - "start": 120, - "end": 122 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9055511355400085, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8767309188842773, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8745954632759094, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 Survey", - "confidence": 0.9905068874359131, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9262992739677429, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8208092451095581, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9640716314315796, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "male-headed households", - "confidence": 0.7045984268188477, - "start": 183, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nUnlike the trends for returnees and IDPs, food security\nis improving among the host community. Only 22%\nof the host population reported skipping a meal or\nreducing food intake during this last round of surveys,\ncompared to 42% the previous year. Food insecurity\nis highest in NSAG-controlled areas, where 34% of\nhouseholds report skipping a meal (compared to 22%\nin government-controlled areas). Female-headed\nhouseholds face greater challenges with regards to\nfood security compared to male-headed households\n(36% versus 21% have skipped a meal), and rural\nhouseholds are worse off than urban households (26%\nversus 19% have skipped a meal).\n\nOther measures of vulnerability, however, are improving\nfor returnees, but not for IDPs or the host community.\nFor example, only 5% of 2018 returnees and 7% of\n2017 returnees surveyed this year report having a child\nunder 14 years old working in times of need to support\nthe family. These estimates are a marked improvement\nfrom last year\u2019s survey, in which 16% of 2017 returnees\n(and 18% of 2016 returnees) reported relying on child\nlabor in times of need. [8] IDPs face a more challenging\nsituation. Approximately 26% of IDPs report having a\nchild under 14 years old working in times of need to\nsupport the family. This estimate is nearly the same as\nlast year\u2019s survey, which found that 24% of IDPs relied\non child labor in times of need. [9] For returnees and\nIDPs, there are no significant differences in the use of\nchild labor between urban and rural areas, or among\nfemale-headed households; child labor is estimated to\nbe lower in NSAG-controlled areas for these groups,\nbut the findings are not statistically significant. An\nestimated 11% of host community households rely on\nchild labor in times of need, which is higher than the\nrate among returnees (5%) but lower than the rate\namong IDPs (26%). Among the host community, child\nlabor is higher in rural areas than the cities, and higher\nin NSAG-controlled areas than in government areas;\nthere is no significant difference among female-headed\nhouseholds.\n\n\n8. We did not collect data on the specific reasons why returnees and\nIDPs needed children under 14 to work, though this could be added in\nfuture surveys.\n\n9 We did not collect data on the specific reasons why returnees and\nIDPs needed children under 14 to work, though this could be added in\nfuture surveys.\n\n10 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nVulnerability to crime has remained stable for returnees\nand has declined for IDPs and the host community.\nOverall 4% of returnees report being victim of a crime\nin the past year, [10] although it should be noted that\nsome respondents had spent as little as one month\nin Afghanistan and all returnees surveyed had arrived\nwithin the past twelve months. Returnees\u2019 vulnerability\nto crime is slightly lower than last year\u2019s estimate of\n6%, but the difference is not statistically significant.\nIDPs are more vulnerable to crime than returnees, with\n10% of IDPs surveyed this year claiming they were\nvictims in the past year. This number, however, is a\nsignificant decline from last year\u2019s survey, in which 29%\nof IDPs reported being victims of a crime. There are no\nsignificant differences in the risk of crime for returnees\nand IDPs in rural versus urban areas, governmentversus NSAG-controlled areas, or male- versus femaleheaded households. Approximately 14% of the host\npopulation report being the victim of a crime, which is a\ndecline from last year\u2019s estimate of 24%. Although this\nvulnerability to crime is lower than the level experienced\nby IDPs, it is significantly higher than the level\nexperienced by returnees. Part of this discrepancy could\nbe explained by the recent return of many respondents.\nBut this finding is puzzling and could warrant further\ninvestigation. Members of the host community are more\nlikely to experience crime in NSAG-controlled areas\n(22% versus 13% in government areas) and in rural\nareas (17% versus 10% in urban areas). Female-headed\nhouseholds are more likely to be victims of crime (18%)\nthan male-headed households (14%).\n\n\n10. The percentage of 2018 returnees who report being a victim of a\ncrime is the same as for 2017 returnees (4%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9557955265045166, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7571227550506592, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAG-controlled areas", - "confidence": 0.6821755766868591, - "start": 59, - "end": 61 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5904995799064636, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5551806688308716, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8459134101867676, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9061832427978516, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5492843985557556, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7202392220497131, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7175230383872986, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.844032883644104, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5841130018234253, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6452262997627258, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9670795798301697, - "start": 529, - "end": 530 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.5717279314994812, - "start": 551, - "end": 553 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9680560231208801, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Livelihoods and Shelter**\n\nOnly 47% of 2018 returnees surveyed this year report\nincomes of at least 5,000Afs per month (approximately\nUSD 67). Of the 2017 returnees surveyed this year, 56%\nreport incomes of at least 5,000Afs per month. This\nlatter estimate is similar to last year\u2019s study \u2013 54% of\n2017 returnees surveyed last year reported earnings\nof at least 5,000Afs. The consistent estimates add\nconfidence to the results and indicate that incomes are\nlower among more recent returnees. Returnee incomes\nare highest in government-controlled areas, where\n57% of households report earning over 5,000Afs per\nmonth, and lowest in NSAG-controlled areas (47% of\nhouseholds). Rural households are worse off than urban\nhouseholds (53% versus 61% earning 5,000Afs or more).\nBut female-headed households face the most prevalent\npoverty: only 29% of female-headed households earn at\nleast 5,000Afs per month. [11]\n\nIDPs fare even worse than the returnees. Only 33% of\nIDPs report incomes of at least 5,000Afs per month, a\nsignificant decline from the 44% of IDPs who reported\nthis level of income last year. The highest IDP incomes\nare reported in contested areas, where 39% earn at\nleast 5,000Afs, compared to 30% in governmentcontrolled areas and 31% in NSAG-controlled areas.\nUrban IDPs are wealthier than rural IDPs: 36% of urban\nIDPs report incomes of at least 5,000Afs, compared\nto 31% in rural areas. Female-headed displaced\nhouseholds are significantly poorer than male-headed\nhouseholds: only 14% of female-headed households\nreport earning at least 5,000Afs per month.\n\nThese negative trends are in stark contrast to the host\ncommunity: 85% of host community respondents report\nincomes of at least 5,000Afs per month. [12] Households\nin government-controlled areas and urban areas have\nthe most income. [13] Female-headed households are\nworse-off than male-headed households, although the\ndifferences are not as dramatic: 74% of female-headed\nhost community households report earning at least\n5,000Afs per month, compared to 86% of male-headed\nhouseholds.\n\n\n11. Although sample sizes are small, there is some evidence that\nfemale-headed households living in poverty are more likely to rely\non child labor: 5% of female-headed households earning less than\n5,000Afs rely on child labor, while none of the female-headed\nhouseholds in our sample earning more than 5,000Afs reported\nchild labor. These rates, however, are lower than the male-headed\nhouseholds. While 7% of male-headed households earning less than\n5,000Afs reported relying on child labor, 10% of households earning\nmore than 5,000Afs reported child labor. More research would be\nrequired to make sense of these trends.\n\n12. The 2017 survey did not include host community income, so we\nare not able to provide a year to year comparison.\n\n13. 85% of households in government areas report earning at least\n5,000Afs compared to 78% in NSAG-controlled areas and 83% in\ncontested areas. 90% of urban households report incomes of at least\n5,000Afs compared to 81% in rural areas.\n\n\n\nSocio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nINCOMES OF AT LEAST 5,000AFS PER MONTH\n\n\n60%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n0%\n\n2018 Survey 2017 Survey\n\n\n2018 Returnees\n\n2017 Returnees\n\nIDPs\n\nAccess to shelter has remained stable for returnees.\nAn estimated 16% of 2018 returnees surveyed this year\nown their homes, which is similar to the 18% recorded\namong 2017 returnees in the previous study. [14] Home\nownership is most common in rural areas (20% versus\n8% in urban areas) and in NSAG-controlled areas (30%\nversus 14% in government-controlled areas). Home\nownership is lowest among female-headed households\n(12%). An estimated 10% of IDPs own their home in the\narea of displacement, which is virtually identical to the\n11% of IDPs who reported owning their home in last\nyear\u2019s survey. Approximately 65% of the host community\nrespondents own their own homes, approximately\nquadruple the rates of home ownership among\nreturnees and nearly six-times the rate of ownership\namong IDPs.\n\nUnskilled labor is the most common source of income\nfor both 2018 returnees (33%) and 2017 returnees (33%),\nfollowed by skilled labor (13%) and savings (13%). Many\nreturnees are not able to put their skills to use. For\nexample, 61% of the 2018 returnees who currently rely\non unskilled labor report possessing other marketable\nskills. The most common skills reported by returnees are\nshop-keeping (27%), driving (20%), farming (12%), and\nlivestock (10%). Female-headed returnee households\nrely on similar sources of income: unskilled labor (24%),\nfollowed by skilled labor (22%) and savings (20%).\nIDPs are even more dependent on unskilled labor than\n\n\n14. Approximately 19% of 2017 returnees are estimated to own their\nhomes in the current study, but this modest increase from 18% the year\nbefore is not a statistically-significant difference.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.5692622661590576, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7638872265815735, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8479950428009033, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9451865553855896, - "start": 602, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7090068459510803, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8379927277565002, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8590580224990845, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnees", - "confidence": 0.7728042602539062, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 Survey", - "confidence": 0.5456418395042419, - "start": 632, - "end": 634 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6429060101509094, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7521523237228394, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5719736814498901, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnees", - "confidence": 0.6617262363433838, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8884040713310242, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8302510976791382, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5979573130607605, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last\nyear", - "confidence": 0.7153014540672302, - "start": 759, - "end": 761 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7551841139793396, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current study", - "confidence": 0.9528355598449707, - "start": 960, - "end": 962 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9784966707229614, - "start": 950, - "end": 951 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8919541835784912, - "start": 951, - "end": 952 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nreturnees: 47% of IDPs depend on unskilled labor for\ntheir income, followed by savings (10%) and skilled labor\n(8%). Female-headed IDP households rely on similar\nsources of income: unskilled labor (43%), skilled labor\n(12%), and savings (9%). The host community depends\non a wider range of income sources than returnees\nand IDPs. Only 11% of the host community depends\nprimarily on unskilled labor; the most common source of\nincome is from a small business or shop (18%). Unskilled\nlabor is the second-most common activity, followed by\nskilled labor and agriculture (10% each). Female-headed\nhouseholds in the host community depend primarily on\nshop-keeping (17%), followed by unskilled labor (16%)\nand skilled labor (11%).\n\nIn general, the findings show that scarcity of income\ncontinues to be a cause of important protection risks\nand negative coping mechanisms, such as child labor,\nwhich constitutes the main source of income among\nreturnees, IDPs and members of host communities.\n\n\n12 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9818090796470642, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8135913610458374, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9756315350532532, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.5223047733306885, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Access to Services and Civil Documentation**\n\n\n\nAn estimated 95% of 2018 returnee heads of household\nand 98% of 2017 returnee heads of household surveyed\nthis year has a Tazkira. These findings are similar to last\nyear\u2019s survey, in which an estimated 94% of 2017 returnees and 96% of 2016 returnees possessed a Tazkira.\nAlthough the changes are too small to be statistically\nsignificant, the trends suggest that returnees who lack a\nTazkira are likely to obtain one within a year of returning\nto Afghanistan. The most common reason for not possessing a Tazkira is the cost (46% of returnees without\na Tazkira), followed by the belief that it is not useful for\nthem (20% of those without the document).\n\n\nHEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HAVE A TAZKIRA\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n\n2018 Returnee\n95%\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n2017 Returnee\n94%\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\n\n2017 Returnee\n98%\n\n\n2016 Returnee\n96%\n\n\n\nIDP\n95%\n\n\nIDP\n92%\n\n\n\nAccess to Tazkiras is lower among female spouses and\nchildren. Only 66% of returnee spouses have a Tazkira,\nand only 33% of returnee households have Tazkiras\nfor all of their children. As before, these numbers\nincrease over the first year of return. The percentage of\nspouses with a Tazkira increases from 62% among 2018\nreturnees to 70% among 2017 returnees. All children\nhave a Tazkira in only 30% of households that returned\nin 2018, and 35% of households that returned in 2017.\n\n\n\nAccess to Tazkira also varies according the household\u2019s\nsituation. Approximately 86% of female-headed\nreturnee households have a Tazkira. [15] This percentage\nis lower than the rate among male-led households\n(98%), but much higher than the percentage of female\nspouses in male-headed households with a Tazkira\n(66%). Households in urban and rural areas have equal\naccess to the Tazkira (98% in each case). Households in\ngovernment-controlled areas have greater access to the\nTazkira than households in areas controlled by non-state\narmed groups (97% versus 93%), but not significantly\ngreater than households in contested districts (96%).\n\nIDPs have similar access to civil documentation. Roughly\n95% of IDP heads of households surveyed this year\nreport having a Tazkira, which is slightly higher \u2013 but\nnot significantly higher \u2013 than last year\u2019s survey,\nwhich found that 92% of IDPs had a Tazkira. The most\ncommon reason for not having a Tazkira is that it was\nleft behind in their place of origin (42% of IDPs without\na Tazkira), followed by losing the document during the\ndisplacement (38%).\n\nApproximately 59% of IDP spouses have a Tazkira, and\nall children have Tazkiras in 22% of IDP households.\nAmong female-headed households, 83% of IDPs have a\nTazkira. Again, this is lower than the rate among maleled households but significantly higher than for spouses\nof male-led households. Urban IDPs are slightly less\nlikely to have Tazkiras than rural IDPs (94% versus 96%),\nbut this difference is not statistically significant. IDPs\nin government-controlled areas are slightly less likely\nto have a Tazkira than those in NSAG-controlled areas\n(94% versus 96%), but the difference is not statistically\nsignificant.\n\nAs with other indicators, the host community is in\na better position: 98% of host community heads\nof households surveyed this year have a Tazkira.\nApproximately 71% of host spouses have Tazkiras, and\nall children hold Tazkiras in 55% of host households \u2013\nmore than double the rate of children in IDP households.\nAmong female-headed households, 85% have access\nto a Tazkira, which is nearly identical to the access\namong female-headed returnee and IDP households.\nFor the host community, access to Tazkiras is the same\nin urban and rural areas, and in government- and NSAGcontrolled areas (98% in all cases).\n\nAccess to education and other services has improved\nfor returnees. This year\u2019s survey found that, amongst\n2018 returnees, 62% of their boy children and 35% of\ntheir girl children are enrolled in school. This enrollment\n\n\n15. Approximately 79% of female-headed households that returned\nin 2018 and 89% of female-headed households that returned in 2017\nhave a Tazkira.\n\nwww.unhcr.org 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9195730090141296, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Access to Services and Civil Documentation", - "confidence": 0.8369419574737549, - "start": 13, - "end": 19 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8311178684234619, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9914875030517578, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.848387598991394, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.917228102684021, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee heads of household", - "confidence": 0.880098819732666, - "start": 27, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tazkira", - "confidence": 0.8212496638298035, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6901775002479553, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6742808222770691, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5182126760482788, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.571845531463623, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee heads of household", - "confidence": 0.7815070748329163, - "start": 27, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TAZKIRA", - "confidence": 0.887245237827301, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9621671438217163, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8647239804267883, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.991169810295105, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee spouses", - "confidence": 0.6427313685417175, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tazkira", - "confidence": 0.7760889530181885, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5779135227203369, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.7318311929702759, - "start": 448, - "end": 450 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7724881768226624, - "start": 413, - "end": 414 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7750163674354553, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.738368034362793, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9110494256019592, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tazkira", - "confidence": 0.5041040778160095, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "this year", - "confidence": 0.7718127965927124, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host community heads\nof households", - "confidence": 0.7664968371391296, - "start": 641, - "end": 646 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tazkira", - "confidence": 0.9724393486976624, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5186918377876282, - "start": 758, - "end": 759 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAG-controlled areas", - "confidence": 0.7548664808273315, - "start": 606, - "end": 608 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.56013423204422, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host community heads\nof households", - "confidence": 0.879242479801178, - "start": 641, - "end": 646 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tazkiras", - "confidence": 0.5097564458847046, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5719693303108215, - "start": 758, - "end": 759 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8511589169502258, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female-headed households", - "confidence": 0.5192426443099976, - "start": 686, - "end": 688 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9302018880844116, - "start": 758, - "end": 759 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7701919674873352, - "start": 758, - "end": 759 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9864919781684875, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.955390453338623, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nrate is an increase from last year\u2019s study, which found\nthat, among 2017 returnees, 55% of boy children and\n30% of girl children were enrolled in school. School\nenrollment, however, is significantly lower in NSAGcontrolled areas, where 59% of boy children and only\n17% of girl children are attending school.\n\nThis general increase in access to education is\nparalleled by a sharp decline in child labor: only 5% of\n2018 returnees surveyed this year reported that children\nunder 14 were working in times of need. Last year\u2019s\nsurvey, by contrast, found that 16% of 2017 returnees\nhas a child under 14 working in times of need. The\nmost common reasons why returnees surveyed this\nyear report that their boy children are not in school are\nschool fees (20%), distance (20%), and the need for\nchildren to contribute to household income (18%). [17]\nThe main reasons that returnee girls are not in school\nare distance to school (27%), school fees (21%),\nresistance from family and community (9%), and\ndomestic duties (5%). [16]\n\nApproximately 65% of returnee households live within\nwalking distance of a school, and this percentage does\nnot vary between urban / rural and government / NSAGcontrolled areas. Male-headed households, however,\nare much more likely to live within walking distance of\na school than female-headed households (67% versus\n38%). Among returnees, 59% can walk to a primary\nschool and 50% can walk to a secondary school; 19%\ncan walk to an Islamic school, while 6% report being\nable to walk to a university.\n\nThe education situation for IDPs is mixed. This year\u2019s\nsurvey found that 57% of IDP boy children and 45%\nof girl children are in school, compared to 64% of boy\nchildren and 42% of girl children from the previous year.\nThe rates of school attendance among boys seems to\nhave dropped slightly, and boys\u2019 enrollment does not\nvary much between government- and NSAG-controlled\nareas. Surprisingly, IDP girls are more likely to be\nenrolled in NSAG-controlled areas, according to the\nsurvey responses (50% versus 44%).\n\n\n16. A lack of education documents was cited by 6% of households\nas a reason that boys were not in school.\n\n\n17. A lack of education documents was cited by 4% of households as\na reason that girls were not in school.\n\n\n14 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nPERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN SCHOOL\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n2018 Returnees IDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n2017 Returnees\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGirls in School\n\nGirls not\nin School\n\n\n\nBoys in School\n\nBoys not\nin School\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9211586713790894, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.707341194152832, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAGcontrolled areas", - "confidence": 0.5347272753715515, - "start": 51, - "end": 53 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6240804195404053, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9225274920463562, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6178385615348816, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6635911464691162, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAG-controlled\nareas", - "confidence": 0.7814785242080688, - "start": 407, - "end": 409 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5212422609329224, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.584220290184021, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP girls", - "confidence": 0.5762050151824951, - "start": 412, - "end": 414 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN SCHOOL", - "confidence": 0.8879290223121643, - "start": 487, - "end": 492 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9583944082260132, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7502694725990295, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9847914576530457, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7493830323219299, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 Survey", - "confidence": 0.6028439998626709, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.918102502822876, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5635870099067688, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9161429405212402, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 Survey", - "confidence": 0.5159168839454651, - "start": 503, - "end": 505 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8415897488594055, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7228904962539673, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6855355501174927, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The three most common reasons why IDPs surveyed\nthis year report that their boy children are not in\nschool are school fees (22%), the need for children to\ncontribute to household income (21%), and distance\n(20%). Girl attendance has improved, although again\nthe difference is not statistically significant. The main\nbarriers to education for IDP girls are distance (26%),\nschool fees (21%), insecurity (11%), and resistance from\nfamily and community (9%).\n\nApproximately 61% of IDP households live within walking\ndistance of a school. Urban IDPs are more likely to live\nwithin walking distance than rural IDPs (64% versus\n59%), but there is no significant difference between\ngovernment- and NSAG-controlled areas. Male-headed\nhouseholds are more likely to live within walking\ndistance of a school than female-headed households\n(65% versus 46%). Among IDPs, 61% can walk to a\nprimary school and 56% can walk to a secondary school;\n9% can walk to an Islamic school, while 6% report being\nable to walk to a university.\n\nThe host community has better access to education\nthan do returnees or IDPs. Among the host community\nmembers surveyed this year, 82% of boy children and\n64% of girl children are attending school. These rates\nare more than 40% higher than the school attendance\namong returnees and IDPs. School attendance is much\nhigher in government- than NSAG-controlled areas: 84%\nof boys and 68% of girls attend school in governmentcontrolled areas, compared to 68% of boys and 56%\nof girls in NSAG-controlled areas. School attendance\nin urban areas is slightly higher for boys compared\nto rural areas (84% versus 81%) and much higher for\ngirls (67% versus 49%). The most common reasons\nwhy boys are not in school is that they are needed\nfor labor and that the distance is too far; for girls, the\nmost common reasons are community pressure and\ndistance. Approximately 96% of the host community\nreports living within walking distance to a school, with\nslightly more access in government-controlled areas\n(96% versus 90%) and urban areas (97% versus 94%),\nand among male-headed households (96% versus 91%).\nApproximately 96% of host households can walk to a\nprimary school, 92% can walk to a secondary school,\nand 28% can walk to a university; approximately 66% of\nhost households can walk to an Islamic school.\n\nAccess to healthcare among returnees has improved,\nalthough only slightly. An estimated 27% of 2018\nreturnees were not able to access healthcare,\ncompared to 31% of 2017 returnees surveyed last year.\nReturnees in NSAG-controlled areas have the least\naccess to healthcare (30% have been unable to access\nhealthcare). [18] By far the most common reason for this\n\n\n\nSocio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nlack of healthcare is cost (77% of those unable to access\nhealthcare), followed by the low quality of available\nhealth care (11%). Approximately 98% of returnee\nhouseholds report being within 1 hour of a health facility,\nalthough pharmacies are the most convenient sources\nof healthcare: approximately 88% live within an hour of\na pharmacy. Approximately 33% of returnees live within\n1 hour of a public clinic (31% within an hour of a private\nclinic) and 33% live within an hour of a public hospital.\n\n\nApproximately 47% of IDPs surveyed this year report\nthat they are not able to access healthcare, an increase\nfrom the 42% of IDPs who lacked access to healthcare\nlast year. Again, the primary cause is cost (79% of IDPs\nwho could not access health care), followed by concerns\nabout quality (17%). IDPs in NSAG-controlled areas\nreport slightly higher access to healthcare than those in\ngovernment-controlled areas, with only 41% of IDPs in\nNSAG-controlled areas reporting that they were unable\nto access healthcare, compared to 49% in governmentcontrolled areas. This difference could be explained if\nthe most vulnerable IDPs fled NSAG-controlled areas\nfor government-controlled districts. Female-headed\nIDP households face the most challenging situation,\nwith 60% reporting that they have been unable to\naccess healthcare. There is no significant difference in\nhealthcare access between urban and rural IDPs.\n\nApproximately 98% of IDP households report being\nwithin 1 hour of a health facility and, as with returnees,\na pharmacies are the most convenient sources of\nhealthcare: approximately 85% live within an hour of a\npharmacy. But in contrast to returnees, IDPs live closer\nto other types of health facilities: 80% of IDPs say they\nlive within 1 hour of a public clinic (56% within an hour of\na private clinic) and 65% live within an hour of a public\nhospital.\n\nHealthcare is a challenge for the host community:\nan estimated 26% of the host community members\nsurveyed this year report that they are unable to\naccess healthcare, equivalent to the access reported\nby returnees. Concerns about the quality of healthcare\nis the most common reason (38% of households who\nlack access to healthcare), followed by the cost (32%).\nHouseholds in NSAG-controlled areas have the lowest\naccess to healthcare (38% lack access compared to\n25% in government areas). Rural households have\nless access than urban households (30% lack access\n\n\n18. Female-headed households seem to have slightly more access to\nhealthcare than male-headed households, with only 21% of femaleheaded households reporting that they were unable to access\nhealthcare compared to 27% of male-headed households. Rural\nhouseholds have only slightly less access to healthcare than urban\nhouseholds, but the difference is not statistically significant.\n\nwww.unhcr.org 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9749345779418945, - "start": 550, - "end": 552 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.603522002696991, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NSAG-controlled areas", - "confidence": 0.9466583728790283, - "start": 520, - "end": 522 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5405409932136536, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5680733323097229, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9340761303901672, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nUNABLE TO ACCESS HEALTH CARE\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n\nReturnees\n\n\n### 27%\n\n\n\nIDPs\n### 47%\n\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\nReturnees\n### 31%\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n### 42%\n\n\n\nSAME ACCESS TO WATER AS THE HOST COMMUNITY\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n\nversus 21%), as do female-headed households (33%\nlack access compared to 25%). Approximately 96% of\nhost households report being within an hour of a health\nfacility but, as with returnees and IDPs, pharmacies are\nthe most convenient source of care: 83% of households\nlive within an hour of a pharmacy. Approximately 69%\nlive within an hour of a public clinic, and 44% live within\nan hour of a hospital.\n\n\nAccess to water remains stable for returnees but is\nbecoming a challenge for IDPs. Approximately 69% of\n2018 returnees and 65% of 2017 returnees surveyed\nthis year report that they have the same access to water\nas the host community. This estimate is identical to last\nyear\u2019s study, which found that 65% of 2017 returnees\nhad the same access to water as the host community.\nThe most common sources of water are hand pumps\n(61% of households) and protected wells (17%);\napproximately 8% of returnees rely on unprotected\nwells or surface water. Urban returnees have more\nequal access to water than rural returnees: 76% of urban\nreturnees report having the same access to water as\nthe host community, compared to 61% of rural returnees.\nAccess is also much better in government-controlled\nareas (67% report having the same access) compared\nto NSAG-controlled areas (only 37%). Female-headed\nhouseholds are more likely to enjoy equal access to\nwater than male-headed households (79% versus 64%). [19]\n\nOnly 38% of IDPs surveyed this year report that they\nhave the same access to water as the host community,\na significant decline from last year\u2019s estimate of 56%.\nAs with returnees, the most common sources of water\nfor IDPs are hand pumps (35% of households) and\nprotected wells (26%); approximately 10% of IDPs rely\non unprotected wells or surface water. Urban IDPs have\nmore equal access to water than rural IDPs (42% versus\n35%), but IDPs in government-controlled areas struggle\nthe most with water: only 35% of IDPs in governmentcontrolled areas report having the same access to water\nas the host community, compared with 42% in NSAGcontrolled areas and 43% in contested areas. Female\nIDPs have the same access to water as male-headed\nIDP households.\n\nThe host communities rely primarily on hand pumps for\nwater (36%) followed by protected wells (24%). These\nestimates are nearly identical to the water sources\nused by IDPs. Unlike IDPs, however, only 6% of the host\ncommunity relies on unprotected wells or surface water.\n\n\n19. We did not collect data on the distance to the water point, though\nthis could be added in future surveys.\n\n\n\n2018 Returnees\n\n\n### 69%\n\n\n\nIDPs\n### 38%\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n2017 Returnees\n### 65%\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n16 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n### 56%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9789770841598511, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9192684888839722, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7161860466003418, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9658643007278442, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnees", - "confidence": 0.8554005026817322, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 Survey", - "confidence": 0.8731328248977661, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8484202027320862, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9146279096603394, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5919366478919983, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Returnees", - "confidence": 0.8889075517654419, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7474572658538818, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8023951649665833, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7525224089622498, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9673473834991455, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.667044460773468, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7418252229690552, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Community Relations**\n\nOnly 26% of the host community members surveyed\nthis year report that they view returnees as \u201cgood\u201d for\ntheir community, compared to 47% the previous year.\nSimilarly, 80% of 2018 returnees surveyed this year\nreport tension with the host community, compared to\nonly 58% of returnee respondents surveyed last year.\nIn nearly all cases, these tensions are related to a\nlack of jobs and economic opportunities, rather than\ndiscrimination or social issues. [20]\n\nInterestingly, strongly negative views towards returnees\nhave also declined. Only 15% of the host community\nmembers surveyed this year believes returnees are\n\u201cbad\u201d for their community, compared with 36% the\nprevious year. The main trend has been an increase in\nneutral feelings: 59% of host community respondents\nsurveyed this year believe returnees are \u201cneither good\nnor bad\u201d for their community, up from only 18% the\nprevious year.\n\nThe host community is slightly less welcoming towards\nIDPs. Approximately 19% of the host community\nmembers surveyed this year believes IDPs are \u201cgood\u201d\nfor their community (down from 31% last year) and\n22% believes IDPs are \u201cbad\u201d (down from 49% last\nyear). As with returnees, the main trend has been an\nincrease in neutral feelings. Approximately 74% of IDPs\nsurveyed this year report facing a problem with the host\ncommunity, though again nearly all of these difficulties\nrelated to lack of jobs and economic hardship, rather\nthan discrimination.\n\n\n20. Out of 1,560 reports of tensions with the host community, 1,557\n(99.8%) related to a lack of jobs or financial means. One report of\ntension mentioned extortion by the host community and/or local\nauthorities, and two reports mentioned a land dispute.\n\n\n\nSocio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nHOW HOST COMMUNITY\nVIEWS RETURNEES AND IDPS\n\n\n**2018 Survey**\n\n\n\nHow do you perceive\nReturnees presence in\nyour communities?\n\n\n\nHow do you perceive\nIDPs presence in your\ncommunities?\n\n\n### 19%\n\n\n### 26%\n\n\n\nGOOD\n\n\n\nGOOD\n\n\n### 15%\n\n\n### 22%\n\n\n\nBAD\n\n\n### 59%\n\n\n\nBAD\n\n\n### 59 %\n\n\n\nNEITHER\n\n\n\nNEITHER\n\n\n\n**2017 Survey**\n\n\n\nHow do you perceive\nReturnees presence in\nyour communities?\n\n\n\nHow do you perceive\nIDPs presence in your\ncommunities?\n\n\n### 31%\n\n\n### 47%\n\n\n\nGOOD\n\n\n### 36%\n\n\n\nGOOD\n\n\n### 49%\n\n\n\nBAD\n\n\n\nBAD\n\n\n### 18%\n\n\n### 20%\n\n\n\nNEITHER\n\n\n\nNEITHER\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9129009246826172, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6477270722389221, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "this year", - "confidence": 0.7282598614692688, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host community respondents", - "confidence": 0.5399601459503174, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Post-Distribution Monitoring**\n\n\n\nThe team conducted 2,738 post-distribution monitoring\ninterviews with returnees, who are provided with a\nmulti-purpose cash grant intended to address their\ntransportation and other immediate needs during the\ninitial phases of return and reintegration. Of these\nrespondents, 42% received the grant at the Jalalabad\nencashment center, 39% in Kabul, 18% at Kandahar,\nand 2% in Herat. Approximately 95% of beneficiaries\nconfirmed that UNCHR staff were present at the\ndistribution, and an additional 2% said they were not\nsure whether UNHCR staff were present or not.\n\n\n\nCASH GRANTS - 2018 SURVEY\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nCash grant fully\naddressed needs\n\nCash grant partially\naddressed needs\n\nCash grant did not\naddress needs\n\n\nCash grant lasted less\nthan one month\n\nCash grant lasted 3\nmonths\n\nCash grant lasted 6\nmonths\n\n\n\n\n\n2018 SURVEY\n### 99%\n\n\n\n\n\nOf respondents report no problem\nreceiving cash grant\n\n\n\nThe distribution process was overwhelmingly smooth\naccording to the respondents. Not a single respondent\nreported any security concerns during the distribution\nprocess, traveling to/from the encashment centers,\nor when spending the cash; only one respondent\nreported that the funds were stolen at some point after\nthe distribution process. Approximately 99% of the\nbeneficiaries reported no problems when receiving\nthe cash. Only 1% of beneficiaries \u2013 a total of 28\nrespondents \u2013 reported a problem. [21] Of these, 21 of the\nrespondents (75%) complained about the long wait time\nand 5 respondents (28%) complained about improper\nor rude behavior by staff at the distribution site. Only a\nsingle respondent claimed they paid a bribe to security\nguards at the encashment center. This respondent\nreturned in 2018 and received the cash assistance at\nthe Kandahar center. [22] Another respondent claimed they\nreceived the incorrect amount of cash, also at Kandahar\nduring 2018. [23] Approximately 99% of beneficiaries\nreported no challenges when spending the money;\n\n\n21. Contact details for these respondents have been shared with\nUNHCR for follow up.\n\n\n22. Contact details for this respondent has been shared with UNHCR\nfor follow up.\n\n\n23. Contact details for this respondent has been shared with UNHCR\nfor follow up.\n\n\n24. These questions were not included in last year\u2019s study, so no\ncomparisons are possible.\n\n\n25. Unfortunately the 2017 study used a two-month reference period,\ncompared to the three months used in this study, resulting in a bit of\nan \u201capples to oranges\u201d comparison. Nevertheless, the fact that only\n37% of the returnees in this study reported spending the grant in three\nmonths, compared to the 93% who spent the grant within two months\naccording to the previous study, implies that the cash grant lasted\nlonger \u2013 even if an exact comparison cannot be made.\n\n\n18 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nwhile less than 1% reported that exchanging the money\nwas a challenge.\n\nUNHCR provided the only aid that most respondents\nwere able to access. Approximately 87% of beneficiaries\nsaid they did not receive aid from any source other\nthan UNHCR; 3% of beneficiaries said they received\nadditional aid from the host community and less than\n1% of beneficiaries said they received aid from the\ngovernment. Approximately 9% of beneficiaries said\nthey received additional aid from other sources, such\nas Etisalat (a telecommunications company based in\nthe UAE), WFP, and various NGOs. Approximately 89%\nof beneficiaries said that the cash grant was the only\nassistance they received from UNHCR, while 2% of\nbeneficiaries said they also received livelihoods support\nand 9% of beneficiaries said they received various other\nkinds of support.\n\nThe cash grant was a supplement to the family\u2019s\nincome, rather than a replacement. Approximately\n29% of beneficiaries reported that the cash grant fully\naddressed their needs, while 66% said the cash partially\naddressed their needs; 5% of respondents said the\ngrant did not address their needs. An estimated 16% of\nbeneficiaries said the cash grant lasted less than one\nmonth, while 63% of beneficiaries had spent the funds\nwithin three months. Less than 16% of respondents had\nany funds remaining after six months. [24] This implies\nthe grant is lasting slightly longer than a 2017 UNHCR\nstudy, which finds that 93% of returnees spent their cash\nassistance within two months. [25]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9429004192352295, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.5054951906204224, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7895174026489258, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6676560640335083, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9595376253128052, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.5312167406082153, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9299024343490601, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8826877474784851, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9758432507514954, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6855623722076416, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9207118153572083, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UAE", - "confidence": 0.6943563222885132, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9746987223625183, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 UNHCR\nstudy", - "confidence": 0.7082886695861816, - "start": 792, - "end": 795 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9325552582740784, - "start": 793, - "end": 794 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8534345030784607, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9908396601676941, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9641989469528198, - "start": 802, - "end": 803 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 SURVEY\n### 95%\n\n\n\nOf beneficiaries satisfied with UNHCR\n\n\n\nRespondents had a positive view of the program and its\neffects. Approximately 95% of beneficiaries said they\nwere satisfied with UNHCR, compared to 89% in the\nprevious survey, and 99% of beneficiaries said the cash\ngrant created no community tensions. [26] The perceived\neffects of the program go beyond satisfying the family\u2019s\nimmediate needs: 87% of beneficiaries think families\nthat received cash in the community are less likely to\nmarry their daughters early, and 93% of beneficiaries\nthink families that received cash in the community are\nless likely to send their children to work.\n\nThe ways in which respondents spent the cash grant\ndiffer from other studies. Among 2018 returnees\nsurveyed this year, the three main uses of the\nrepatriation cash grant were: food (52% spent more\nthan half), rent and shelter (6% spent more than half),\nhealthcare (6% spent more than half), debt (5% spent\nmore than half), and transportation (5% spent more\nthan half). Among 2017 returnees surveyed this year,\nthe three main uses of the repatriation cash grant were:\nfood (51% spent more than half), rent and shelter (9%\nspent more than half), healthcare (4% spent more than\nhalf), and debt (4% spent more than half).\n\nBy contrast, last year\u2019s study found that 28% of 2017\nreturnees reported that transportation was the \u201cmain\u201d\nuse of the cash grant. In this year\u2019s study, approximately\n95% of returnees report that they spent less than half of\nthe funds on transportation; only 5% reported spending\nthe majority of funds on transportation.\n\nWhat explains this discrepancy? Much of the difference\nis probably explained by changes to the survey\ninstrument, which can have a large effect on how\nrespondents interpret the meaning of the questions. In\nthe 2017 study, respondents were asked: \u201cWhen you\nreceived the reintegration cash assistance from UNHCR,\nwhat is the main thing you spent the money on?\u201d The\nenumerators then waited for the respondent to provide\nan answer, and then selected the most appropriate\n\n\n26. Other indicators were not collected in the previous study and so\ncannot be compared.\n\n\n\nSocio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n\nresponse from among the options presented on the\ntablet screen; the respondents were not aware of\nwhich options were available. In this present study,\nrespondents were asked \u201cHow much of the cash\nassistance did you spend on:\u201d and were then presented\nwith a list of options, including \u201cFood\u201d, \u201cTransportation\u201d,\n\u201cKitchen Items\u201d, etc. For each option, respondents must\ndecide among the responses \u201cAlmost nothing\u201d, \u201cLess\nthan half\u201d, \u201cmore than half\u201d, \u201cAlmost all\u201d.\n\nChanging the questionnaire in this way means that the\nresponses from last year are no longer comparable\nto the responses from this study. For example, the\nphrasing of last year\u2019s question might trigger the\nrespondents to think of their immediate expenditures,\nrather than the relative amount that they spent on each\nitem category. After receiving the cash grant, they\nimmediately faced transportation costs. By contrast,\nthe structure of the question in this year\u2019s study forces\nrespondents to actually think about that item category\nand the amount of money spent on it. In our opinion, the\ncurrent format produces more reliable \u2013 although still\nrough \u2013 estimates of spending patterns.\n\n\nPERCEIVED RESULTS OF CASH IN THE COMMUNITY\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBeneficiaries who think\nfamilies that received\ncash in the community\nare less likely to marry\ntheir daughters early.\n\n\n\nBeneficiaries who think\nfamilies that received\ncash in the community\nare less likely to send\ntheir children to work.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8501275181770325, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9479222893714905, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9466201663017273, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "repatriation cash grant", - "confidence": 0.807301938533783, - "start": 220, - "end": 223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9351547956466675, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "2017 returnees", - "confidence": 0.5463150143623352, - "start": 208, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.566410481929779, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5715376734733582, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9125863909721375, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.733273446559906, - "start": 436, - "end": 438 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7220880389213562, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7784571647644043, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9406541585922241, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8984153270721436, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9545266032218933, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.9256595969200134, - "start": 555, - "end": 557 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9826251268386841, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8632939457893372, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "this year", - "confidence": 0.796675980091095, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7253707647323608, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Persons with Specific Needs**\n\n\n\nThe team conducted 1,300 interviews with persons\nwith specific needs (PSNs) who received cash and/\nor assistance from UNHCR. The monitoring team\nsuccessfully interviewed respondents who received\ncash assistance in 31 of Afghanistan\u2019s 34 provinces. The\nmost common province for assistance is Kandahar (19%\nof respondents) followed by Kabul (12%). Approximately\n29% of respondents received in-kind assistance. Food\nwas the most common form of assistance received\n(70% of beneficiaries who received in-kind assistance),\nfollowed by clothing (17%).\n\nAs with the Post-Distribution Monitoring study relating\nto repatriation cash grants, the distribution process\nfor assistance to PSNs went smoothly. Only 2% of\nrespondents (29 beneficiaries) reported any issues with\nreceiving assistance. These reported issues were mostly\ndue to long wait times: 62% of the problems reported\n(18 beneficiaries) concerned having to wait for several\nhours to receive the cash assistance. Approximately\n17% of the problems (5 beneficiaries) were due to the\nperception that distribution was made on the basis of\nrelationships, and 2 beneficiaries complained about\nrude behavior by distribution staff. [27]\n\nOut of 1,300 interviews, only three beneficiaries claimed\nthey were asked for a bribe during the distribution\nprocess. [28] Two of the beneficiaries reported that\nsecurity personnel asked for a bribe, while one\nbeneficiary claimed DoRR staff asked for a bribe. Less\nthan 1% of respondents (10 beneficiaries) reported\nany security concerns during or after the distribution\nprocess. Nearly all of these security concerns were\ndue to harassment and demands for bribes by armed\ngroups (6 beneficiaries), militia (1 beneficiary), or police\n(1 beneficiary) after leaving the distribution site. [29] Two\nbeneficiaries said that some or all of the cash assistance\nwas stolen after the distribution process. Only 2% of\nbeneficiaries reported feeling unsafe keeping the cash\nat home, and less than 1% said they felt unsafe while\nspending the cash.\n\n\n20 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\nAccording to respondents, the distribution process\nachieved its goals. Over 96% of respondents said they\nused the funds as intended. Approximately 20% of\nbeneficiaries reported that the funds fully addressed\ntheir needs, while 74% said the funds partially\naddressed their needs; only 6% of respondents claimed\nthe funds did not address their needs. Approximately\n90% of respondents said that their needs, skills,\ncapacity, and situation were thoroughly assessed as\npart of the distribution process; 88% of the beneficiaries\nagreed that the assistance reflected the information\nthey provided during this process.\n\nCash assistance was preferred by 99% of beneficiaries.\nThe vast majority (93%) said they prefer cash because\nit gives them the choice to buy based on their needs.\nOnly 52% of beneficiaries said they were asked for\ntheir preference between cash and in-kind assistance.\nAfter spending the cash assistance, the dominant\ncoping strategy was to find a job (32% of beneficiaries),\nfollowed by borrowing money from relatives (30%),\nand starting a business (23%). Approximately 8% of\nbeneficiaries relied on child labor as a coping strategy\nand 2% relied on begging.\n\nApproximately 9% of beneficiaries have access to\na bank account or mobile money account, and 1%\nreported access to micro-credit. Women face some\nadditional challenges: 37% of women beneficiaries\nreported difficulties participating in community\ndecision making and economic activities. Some 4% of\nbeneficiaries were referred to other service providers\nfor additional assistance. These providers included\nAgha Khan, UNICEF, IRC, NRC, and WFP.\n\nWhen asked for suggestions to improve UNHCR\u2019s\ninterventions, nearly all of the respondents requested\nadditional aid. The most common request was for\nwinterization assistance. Other common requests\nconcerned funds for healthcare services and job\nfacilities.\n\n\n27. Contact information for these beneficiaries has been provided to\nUNHCR for follow-up.\n\n\n28. Contact information for these beneficiaries has been provided to\nUNHCR for follow-up.\n\n\n29. The survey did not ask respondents to define their use of the term\n\u201cmilitia\u201d as distinct from armed groups.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9721173048019409, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8097249269485474, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.683540403842926, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9081030488014221, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7079901695251465, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Specific Needs", - "confidence": 0.6414217948913574, - "start": 13, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.7267922759056091, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "distribution site", - "confidence": 0.6067538857460022, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9659468531608582, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Socio-Economic Survey and Post-Distribution Monitoring \u2014 2019\n\n#### **Donor Acknowledgments**\n\n\nUNHCR thanks the following donors for their support:\n\nDenmark | European Union | Germany | Japan | Republic of Korea | Netherlands\nNorway | Switzerland | United Kingdom | United States\n\n\n**From**\n**the People of Japan**\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Survey", - "confidence": 0.892090380191803, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7686616778373718, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.778456449508667, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7969539165496826, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8100876808166504, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4719bb6e-b341-3903-b6ce-798ca6567f9d/70157.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_187/raw/doc_187_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_187/raw/doc_187_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f9eb92761d18ae973394997cfe82b5a9a314ad5a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_187/raw/doc_187_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## SAFETY AUDIT REPORT HARGIESA, SOMALILAND JUNE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. INTRODUCTION**\n\nACTED conducted the first round of safety audit in June 2019 in 16 IDP sites in Hargeisa. The\ngoal of the exercise was to evaluate site level GBV risks associated to the physical structure,\ncamp layout and provision of critical services. Specifically, the assessment was undertaken with\nthe following objectives:\n\n- To observe and evaluate site level protection/GBV risks associated to the camp layout,\n\ncamp infrastructures and\nservices such WASH, shelter\nas well as safety and security;\n\n - To understand\nvulnerabilities that make\naffected population more\nexpose to GBV risks,\nparticularly women and girls;\n\n - To recommend\nmitigation measures to be\ntaken collectively by\nhumanitarian actors to reduce\nthe identified risks and/or\nvulnerabilities identified;\nThis report contains key\nfindings gathered during data\ncollection and it provides\n\n\nto reduce the identified GBV\nrisks and vulnerabilities. The majority of these IDP camps are overcrowded, self-settled\nmakeshift with improvised shelters. Most of sites are overcrowded, with no pathways between\nthe shelters, which contribute to make the sites particularly vulnerable to fire outbreak.\nAll the assessed sites don\u2019t have physical structures surrounding them:\nAmong the priority needs of the IDPs living in settlements as stated by the participants, are\naccess to Health, water, education, sanitation and hygiene. Actors operating in the sites should\nensure minimum actions are taken to mitigate protection risks, particularly those associated\nwith WASH and Shelter.\nThe findings from the safety audit were presented by ACTED during a CCCM Sector Meeting\nin Hargeisa on the 12th September. The CCCM team will regularly follow up on actions taken\nto address the recommendations and will monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures\nimplemented and identify new risks that might need to be addressed in the next round of GBV\nSafety Audit, scheduled in December 2019. The report and the annexes will be disseminated\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "among the humanitarian community, local authorities and service providers to advocate for\nmeasures aiming at improving safety and living conditions in the sites and equal access to\nservices for the affected population.\n\n### **2. METHODOLOGY**\n\nThe Safety Audit assessment was conducted using the Safety Audit Checklist tool developed\nwith support of the GBV integration guidelines. The checklist was filled through a mix of\nobservations, site walks and key informant interviews with female community members.\nSeparate checklists were filled in for every site and respective results were entered in a data\nanalysis matrix which is attached to this report. Data disaggregated by sites, were analyzed to\nidentify GBV risks, vulnerabilities and produced specific recommendations to reduce GBV\nthreats/risks in the sites. Focus Group Discussions were held where the participants were IDP\nwomen and girls who shared their views and protection concerns. The FGD generated in-depth\nand rich discussion on some of the key issues surrounding the specific vulnerabilities and\nchallenges facing IDP women and girls. During the discussion, valuable pieces of information and\ninsights that emerged from the discussion were collected and possible ways of mitigating the\nidentified threats and risks were established.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **3. SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS**\n\n**CAMP DESIGN AND LAYOUT**\n\n - None of the sites has protective physical structures surrounding the sites.\n\n\n - Out of 16 sites assessed, 9 are planned sites whereas the remaining 7 sites are self\nsettled with no site planning prior to their formation. These sites are characterized by\npoor shelter conditions and insecure/unstable land tenure. The site residents face\neviction threats and live in constant fear of being forcefully evicted. Even in the 9\nplanned sites, some temporary shelters have been constructing by new arrivals joining\ntheir relatives already living in the site.\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data\nanalysis matrix", - "confidence": 0.8128918409347534, - "start": 101, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "sites", - "confidence": 0.5629644393920898, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Out of the 16 sites assessed, 11 sites have public lighting which provide dusk to dawn\n\nlighting, but in none of the site public lighting is sufficient to adequately meet the needs\nof the IDP population. ACTED has installed 33 solar lights in 11 sites, and is planning to\ninstall 10 more in the remaining 5 sites.\n\n\n - None of the site has a designated safe space dedicated for women and girls.\n\n\n - Out of the 16 sites assessed, only 5 sites have space to easily walk between shelters and\n\nother structures.\n\n\n**SHELTERS**\n\n\n - The shelters for most of the self-settled sites/informal settlements are made of weak\n\nmaterials and are the traditional Somali \u201cbuul\u201d which are made of fabric, sticks, carton\nor improvised materials that can\u2019t withstand strong gale-force wind and heavy rains.\nMoreover, these shelters don\u2019t have lockable doors that can provide safety and security\nat night, thus making women and girls more vulnerable and fearful during the dark hours\nof the night.\n\n\n - Out of the 16 sites assessed, only 5 sites have shelters built of solid materials and have\n\nsecure locks with doors.\n\n\n - Out of the 16 sites, 5 sites have private sleeping areas; these sites include Ayax 1, Ayax\n\n2, Ayax 3, Ayax 4 and Digaale while the rest of the sites don\u2019t have private sleeping\nareas.\n\n\n - All the 16 sites have shelters housing more than six people and have multiple families\n\nsharing the same shelter This creates overcrowding and the promotes the spread of\ndiseases\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n - All the 16 sites that were assessed don\u2019t have water points inside them and therefore\n\nsite residents rely on self organized water trucking. Residents expressed their deep\nconcern about their inability to afford the price of water. Access to safe drinking water\nwas uniformly reported as a huge challenghe across all sites\n\n\n - 6 out of the 16 sites assessed have latrines while the rest lack these basic WASH\n\nfacilities and therefore the practice of open defecation is rampant in those sites that\ndon\u2019t have communal pit latrines.\n\n\n - Only in one of the sites out of the sixe that have sanitation facilities, the latrines are well\n\nlit at night\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - None of the assessed sites has gender segregated latrines: men and women share the\n\nsame latrines.\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n - In none of the assessed sites the female key informant could recall the existence of\n\ncommunity based protection committees or in site GBV focal points.\n\n\n - Out of the 16 sites, only 4 sites have nearby health facilities and these nearby health\n\nfacilities don\u2019t have adequate medical supplies to meet the needs of the IDP population.\nFor critical/emergency cases, site residents carry patients to the hospitals in town which\nare far away from the sites. Given the low level of income and livelihood opportunities\nfor the IDPs, the cost of transport and medical is difficult for them to afford. Some of\nthe site residents cannot afford the transport cost and there are no ambulances that can\ncarry critically ill patients from the IDP sites to the hospitals in town for medical\ntreatment.\n\n### **4. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS SUMMARY**\n\nIn order to complement the assessment conducted with the Safety Audit checklist tool for\nSomalia on 20 [th] to 25 [th] June 2019, ACTED Camp Management Team conducted Focus Group\nDiscussions with female residents of the sites. A total of 141 women and 107 girls from 16 IDP\ncamps participated in the discussion representing the voices of the other women and girls of\ntheir communities.\n\nDuring the discussion\nwomen and girls expressed\nthe need for inclusive\nparticipation in decisions\nthat affect in all facets of\ntheir lives. One of the\nparticipants echoed this\nduring the discussion, \u2018 _\u2019We_\n_are the backbone of every_\n_society on this planet and our_\n_continuous_ _involvement,_\n_contribution and participation_\n_in the community is not only_\n_necessary and important for_\n_our empowerment as women_\n_and girls but also necessary_\n_for a strong and cohesive_ _**Focus group discussion with women residents in Hargeisa IDPs sites**_\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_society t_ _hat works towards socioeconomic and political prosperity for all_ \u201d. She also added that\nwomen and girls have been denied the opportunity to unleash their God-given talents and\npotentials and this narrative needs to change if we want to achieve meaningful economic and\npolitical freedom and progress.\nWomen and girls blamed lack of equal opportunities as the main culprit and hindrance to their\nempowerment and economic freedom. One of the participants said: \u201c _I am a mother of six_\n_children who are orphans. I am uneducated and did not receive any formal education. I am currently_\n_unemployed with no even basic skills to earn an honest living. The future of my children and those in_\n_similar fate hangs in the balance as I cannot afford to pay for their education. This makes me worry as_\n_I don\u2019t want them to be like me and go through this pain when they go older\u201d._\nWomen and girls also cited lack of skills training to engage in income generating activities for\npoverty alleviation. They mentioned that these kind of opportunities are limited for IDP women\nand girls. They therefore requested the humanitarian organizations and other well-wishers to\n\nlook into their plight and\nprovide them with\nopportunities and\npossibilities to break the\nshackles of poverty in order\nto have a dignified life and\nbecome equal contributing\npartners. When asked about\nthe existence and quality of\nWASH facilities in the sites,\nthey expressed deep\nconcerns about the lack of\nlatrines in most of the sites,\nand even in the sites where\nsanitation facilities exist, the\nfact that latrines are not\ngender segregated a major\nconcern and worry for both\n\n_**Focus Group Discussion with girls\u2019 residents in Hargeisa IDPs sites**_ women and girls. One of the\n\ngirls said; \u201c _we go out of the_\n_site in the open to relieve ourselves and this puts our lives in danger and compromises our privacy and_\n_dignity. We are exposed to numerous risks which can undermine our inherent rights and endanger our_\n_lives_ \u201d.\nWhen also asked about shelters and how safe they feel at night, one of the participants said; \u201c _I_\n_live in a tiny bull with my children. This temporary shelter is of weak materials with no proper door and_\n_roofing. I feel unsafe and woke up whenever I hear any sound at night. I also fear because the buul I_\n_live in can catch fire as it happened in Nasahablood B in the wee hours of the night when people were_\n_all asleep_ \u201d\nThe issue of eviction was raised by the female participants and featured in the discussion. Land\ntenure is a huge challenge for the IDPs since the vast majority live on privately owned lands\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with no formal lease agreements. The landowners issue eviction notices as they wish which\nmakes the IDPs live in fear, in limbo and uncertainty.\nWomen and girls also talked about access to health care, since this presents a formidable\nchallenge to many of the displaced population living in settlements. This inaccessibility to this\nbasic service is exacerbated by the lack of health centers in the vicinity of the sites and\nexpesnive transportation costs to reach the facilities. Women and girls mostly trek long\ndistances to get health services. One of the female participants said; \u2018 _\u2019We find it very hard and_\n_painful when one of us is in in the final stage of her pregnancy. We don\u2019t have ambulances and_\n_certified midwives in the sites and this might be a life-threatening situation during child birth. We_\n_humbly request the organizations to provide technical and financial support towards the establishment_\n_of maternal and child health centers in all the sites to help improve the odds for women and their_\n_babies_ \u201d.\n\n### **5. RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n - Strong and fact based advocacy for lands and stable land tenure agreement\n\n - Close cooperation between CCCM, HLP and Local authorities to address the issues of\n\nforced evictions\n\n - Increasing the number of solar lights to enhance visibility and contribute to the safety\n\nand security of site residents at night\n\n - Promote the education and retention of teenage girls in school, including regular\n\ndistribution of sanitary pads.\n\n - Making schools available and accessible to the IDPs so that all children, including teenage\n\ngirls and young women can have equal access and opportunities to quality education\n\n - Economic empowerment through skill acquisition and livelihood interventions targeting\n\nwomen and girls to protect them from early marriage and domestic violence.\n\n - Construction of water points to increase access to quality drinking water for all\n\ninhabitants.\n\n - Construction and rehabilitation of gender segregated and well-lit latrines as open\n\ndefecation is rampant in a number of sites that don\u2019t have pit latrines.\n\n - Provision of safe, solid and durable shelters to improve the living conditions of the\n\ndisplaced populations and contribute to the overall site safety.\n\n - Setting up and supporting camp-based safety groups and/or patrols comprised of both\n\nwomen and men to create safer environment for all\n\n - Provision of firewood or alternative source of energy at IDP sites to reduce protection\n\nrisks during fire wood collection\n\n - Mainstreaming prevention and response to SGBV across sectors and programming.\n\n - Strengthening referral pathways at site level through regular sensitization and awareness.\n\n - Establish confidential reporting mechanisms at IDP sites and settlements including\n\nthrough hotline services\n\n - Increase maternal health care service available\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Increase coverage of health mobile team unit\n\n - Support vulnerable residents and pregnant mother with hospital transportation grants\n\n### **6. ATTACHMENTS**\n\n1. Safety Audit Checklist for Somalia\n2. Safety Audit Database Hargiesa, June 2019\n3. Safety Audit Snapshots Hargeisa June 2019\nFor more information on the Safety Audit for Baidoa and for the full list of attachments, please\ncontact Ali Askar, CCCM Project Manager, at ali.askar@acted.org and Elena Valentini, CCCM\n[Technical Coordinator at elena.valentini@acted.org.](mailto:elena.valentini@acted.org)\n\n\n_Safety Audit, Hargeisa, June 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07adf271-63ac-3dda-b176-2a0d268b4bb8/71502.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_188/raw/doc_188_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_188/raw/doc_188_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 570a0a61dffe097bb618e275162661ef6e92aa2a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_188/raw/doc_188_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# REGIONAL OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REFUGEE RETURN TO SYRIA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **INTRODUCTION**\n\nThe Syria crisis has displaced nearly 5.7 million [1] Syrian refugees into Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq,\nand Egypt, and over six million people within the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria). During 2018, the\nsituation inside Syria evolved, leading to the cessation of large-scale fighting in much of the country.\nNevertheless, refugees [2] continue to require international protection and humanitarian support. Given\nthe protracted crisis, opportunities for durable solutions are urgently needed so refugees can look to\nthe future with hope and dignity. The **comprehensive protection and solutions approach** seeks to: i)\nsupport host country resilience; ii) ensure refugee protection, including access to basic social services,\nwell-being and enable their self-reliance; iii) expand access to resettlement and other safe pathways\n(complementary pathways) to a third country, and; iv) plan for and support voluntary, safe, and\ndignified return of refugees to Syria. This document focuses on the fourth of these pillars, providing\nthe regional interagency direction for protection, operations and planning related to refugee return.\n\nIn February 2018, the _Comprehensive Protection and Solutions Strategy: Protection Thresholds and_\n_Parameters for Refugee Return to Syria_ (CPSS) [3] [was issued, laying out the protection thresholds and](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/63223)\nparameters for refugee return to Syria. Over the last two years, there has also been a modest, but\ngrowing number of returns, with some 1.25 million IDPs and over 56,000 refugee returns in 2018.\n\nConsidering the potential increase in the scale of refugee returns, the interagency community has\nstepped up its preparedness efforts. Between November 2018 and February 2019, through the\ninteragency fora coordinating refugee return, [4] _Interagency Preparedness Plans on Refugee Returns_\nwere developed at the regional and country levels in order to: 1) Detail ongoing actions and activities\nfor refugee return, and; 2) Prepare for a possible increase in the scale of the return and/or shift to\nlarge-scale facilitation, ensuring the interagency aid community\u2019s readiness to be able to support a\nlarge-scale operation.\n\nThe **Regional Operational Framework** **for refugee return** presented herein consolidates the common\nelements of those preparedness plans covering protection, operations and planning. While each\ncountry has specific plans and interventions relevant to its context, the framework provides an\noverview of these plans including specific sectoral objectives, activities, and existing standards and\npolicies as related to refugee return. Though the country plans have elements that support the\nsustainability of returns, they do not encompass activities for reintegration support and early recovery\nin Syria.\n\n\n1 As of 31 January 2019.\n2 Reference to refugees and returnees in this document refers to any citizen or habitual resident of Syria who is currently\noutside the country, irrespective of their legal status in the country of asylum, e.g. Palestine refugees, stateless persons.\n3 The _CPSS_ [can be accessed at https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/63223.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/63223)\n4 The interagency bodies coordinating refugee return are led by UNHCR and consist of: Regional and host country Durable\nSolutions Working Groups in the framework of the 3RP, and the Return and Reintegration Working Group inside Syria.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **SITUATIONAL CONTEXT**\n\nAlthough significant security challenges remain in certain areas of Syria and sufficient guarantees are\nnot yet in place as to allow for large-scale facilitated voluntary repatriation, the pace of returns to and\nwithin Syria has increased over the last two years. Some 107,000 refugee returns were verified by\nUNHCR from the beginning of 2017 through December 2018. Meanwhile, it is noted that over 871,000\nIDPs returned in 2017, and 1.25 million in 2018.\n\n\nWhile there has been a relative uptick in return, overall conditions in Syria remain extremely\nchallenging, including related to security and socio-economic conditions. In addition to the 5.7 million\nrefugees, over six million people remain displaced within Syria.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Given the protracted crisis, opportunities for durable solutions are urgently needed. [5] As per the\nrepeated findings of UNHCR return intention surveys, voluntary repatriation in safety and dignity\nremains the preferred durable solution and eventual hope for the great majority of Syrian refugees in\nthe region. [6]\n\nBetween November 2018 and January 2019, UNHCR conducted its fifth Refugee Perceptions and\nIntentions Survey in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. The majority (75%) of refugees continue to hope\nto return to Syria one day. Only 5.9% intend to return to Syria in the next 12 months, which represents\na slight increase from the survey conducted in June 2018 (from 4.4% to 5.9%). For those who are\nplanning to return to Syria, the vast majority expressed their intention to go back with their family\nmembers (85%) and to their place of origin (93%). Refugees planning to return continue to highlight\nimprovements in the security situation, family reunification, and having livelihood opportunities in\nSyria as the top reasons influencing their decision to return.\n\nFor the 84% who intend to remain in host countries in the next year, as well as the 10% who were\nundecided, the top reason influencing their decision continues to be safety and security in Syria\n(including fears related to detention and military recruitment). Other top reasons were: limited\nlivelihood opportunities and lack of shelter and basic services.\n\n\n**Refugee Return Intentions** **[7]**\n\n\nWith some variation between countries, findings remain relatively aligned with previous surveys\nconducted over the last 18 months. UNHCR will continue to periodically survey refugees to understand\ntheir plans, concerns and needs while ensuring that these inform the planning and programming\nprocess for assistance.\n\n### **POSITION ON RETURN AND PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS**\n\nAll refugees have the fundamental human right to return in safety and dignity to their country of origin\nat a time of their own choosing. This is codified in several international instruments, including the\n_Universal Declaration of Human Rights_ (Art. 13) and the _International Covenant on Civil and Political_\n_Rights_ (Art. 12). Refugee return should be based on a voluntary, free and informed decision. It should\nnot be coerced either overtly through forced return, or indirectly through changes of policies that\nrestrict refugee rights or by limiting assistance to refugees in the country of asylum which in effect\naffects refugees\u2019 ability to take free decisions. [8]\n\nAligned with the _CPSS_, this operational framework covers two phases of refugee return:\n\n- _Phase 1 - Self-organized/spontaneous return_ : During Phase 1 (current phase), refugees are\nreturning in relatively small numbers in a self-organized manner or in movements not organized\n\n5 See also: UNHCR, _Comprehensive Protection and Solutions Strategy: Resettlement and Complementary Pathways_ (April\n2018).\n~~6~~ UNHCR, _Fifth Refugee Perceptions and Intentions Survey (Nov. 2018 \u2013 Jan. 2019)_ . Publication forthcoming.\n7 _Ibid._\n8 While this document focuses on an operational framework as related to _voluntary_ return of refugees, also recalled is the\nprinciple of _non-refoulement_, a rule of international customary law. The essence of the principle is that a State may not\noblige a person to return to a territory where s/he may be exposed to persecution.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "or assisted by the interagency aid community. Support is focused on counselling, being present at\ncross-border movements, analysis of return trends, advocacy, and removing obstacles to those\nmaking a free choice to return. Where refugees exercise their right to return, in a well-informed\nand voluntary manner, support can be provided to ensure this return is made in dignity, without\nthis being understood as an incentive. Inside Syria, the humanitarian community responds to the\nneeds of returnees as part of regular humanitarian programmes.\n\nIn line with UNHCR guidelines and practice, UNHCR can facilitate the voluntary repatriation of\nindividual refugees on an exceptional basis even during a phase where it is not promoting or\nfacilitating large-scale return movements. A decision to facilitate in such circumstances is made\non case-by-case basis and where clear and compelling reasons exist that such facilitation would\nbe critical for the safety and dignity of the refugee returning. Facilitation in these instances can\ncover the assistance that refugees may require in order to return, including financial means,\nsupport with exit formalities, securing of guarantees, or other interventions needed to improve\nprotection outcomes. Facilitation may only be provided when UNHCR is satisfied that the\nrefugee\u2019s wish to return is voluntary.\n\n- _Phase 2 \u2013 Large-Scale Facilitated repatriation:_ In Phase 2 a large-scale, facilitated refugee\nrepatriation operation will be supported by the international community, UN, NGOs, host\ngovernments and the Government of Syria, including reintegration programmes inside Syria, in\nline with programmes for IDPs, returning IDPs and other populations of concern. In order to shift\nto Phase 2, three [9] criteria must be met:\n1. Legal framework(s), guaranteeing rights of returnees and unhindered access to them and\nreturn areas, is in place;\n2. There is clear evidence of the Protection Thresholds being met, including a substantive\nand sustainable improvement in conditions in return areas;\n3. Refugees actively request support from UNHCR to return, in large numbers, with UNHCR\nable to provide counselling, and confirm the voluntary character of return through access\nto areas of return and monitoring.\n\nNotwithstanding that the thresholds and legal framework(s) within which they would be instilled are\nunder discussion with relevant stakeholders and authorities, the fact remains that they are derived\nfrom international standards. On this basis, **Annex 1** provides a list of considerations and indicators,\nfor each threshold, which serve to measure progress toward meeting the thresholds. As to when the\nthresholds can be considered met, the thresholds fall into two broad categories: First, those that can\nbe considered absolute or immediate, with these thresholds having to be fully met before large-scale\nfacilitation can be considered (for example, voluntariness or the adoption of specific legal or\nadministrative provisions). Second, those of a more gradual character, with these thresholds requiring\nsustained efforts over an extended time-period in order to be fully addressed (for example, nondiscriminatory access to and the availability of basic services). This second category of thresholds can\nbe considered met if genuine commitments are demonstrated by the concerned authorities.\n\nIt is acknowledged that Phases 1 and 2 may be far from distinct periods. In reality, the length of each\nphase, and the overlap between them, may vary depending on security developments, the evolution\nof conditions in return areas, and the situation in host countries. The decision to move from Phase 1\nto Phase 2 may not necessarily be uniform across Syria, as conditions may be more appropriate in\nsome parts of the country compared to others. Planning and programming of assistance will therefore\ncontinue to be revised, adjust and shaped based on the context.\n\n\n9 In the original _CPSS_ paper, four criteria were mentioned. Points 2 and 3 have been merged.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At the same time, it is equally important to recognize that Syrian refugees have been returning home\nin a self-organized manner since the start of the crisis. Refugees\u2019 rights as independent decision\nmakers are to be respected. Therefore, while the interagency aid community is not facilitating largescale return absent tangible progress towards the aforementioned protection thresholds, the\ninteragency aid community, in full collaboration with host governments, is presently supporting those\nrefugees who are making the choice to return so they can return in dignity. Implementation and scale\nvaries depending on the situation in the country of asylum and intended area of return. For example,\nsupport currently provided can include: pre-departure counselling, voluntariness, and protection\nassessments, identifying and assisting individuals with specific needs (e.g. unaccompanied children,\nolder refugees), and assistance with documentation.\n\nInside Syria, returning refugees are supported through ongoing humanitarian programmes through a\ncommunity-based approach and on the basis of need and equal to other populations, including IDPs\nand returning IDPs. These programmes are subject to access constraints as mentioned throughout.\n\nUNHCR is engaging with the Government of Syria and other stakeholders to help gradually address\nthe issues that refugees say inhibit their return, including through legislation or administrative\nprocesses, protection mechanisms and advocacy, and strengthening ongoing programmes. A legal\nframework (be it on a bilateral or tripartite basis), between the Government of Syria, host countries\nand UNHCR which sets out guarantees, rights and obligations of all parties, including unhindered\naccess to returnees and return areas, is also a key area of further advocacy.\n\nAt this juncture, the interagency aid community\u2019s involvement in refugee returns to Syria is based on\nrespect for the refugees\u2019 right to return and must not be interpreted as an indication of adequate\nsecurity for all. Under no circumstances should the fact of self-organized return be invoked as a ground\nfor denying continued stay in host countries to those refugees who remain behind, or for refusing the\nadmission of Syrians needing international protection.\n\n### **REFUGEE RETURN COORDINATION**\n\nThe Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) and the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) are the\nprimary humanitarian planning and response frameworks for host countries and inside Syria,\nrespectively. This operational framework was developed with due regard to, and under the overall\nauspices of, these more comprehensive frameworks as a means of addressing refugee return in a\ncoordinated and comprehensive manner between host countries and country of origin.\n\nThe present operational framework was developed within the regional and country-specific fora\nresponsible for the coordination of refugee return among aid actors. At the regional level and in the\nfive major Syrian refugee-hosting countries in the region (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey) returnrelated discussions and planning are coordinated through interagency Durable Solutions Working\nGroups, which are integrated into the 3RP structure. UNHCR leads the Durable Solutions Working\nGroups. In Syria, the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator leads a Return and Reintegration\nWorking Group (RRWG); UNHCR is the secretariat, with OCHA, UNDP and UNHCR responsible for subpillars on IDP return, reintegration, and refugee return, respectively. The development of this\noperational framework was fundamentally based upon the interagency preparedness plans drafted\nregionally and in-countries, and is aligned with both the 3RP and HRP in terms of objectives, standards,\nand approaches both at the strategic and sectoral levels.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **PLANNING PARAMETERS**\n\nBased on the current context and intentions survey findings, it is expected that \u2013 in 2019 \u2013 there will\nbe increasing small and medium-scale return movements totalling 250,000 refugee returns from the\nregion. The interagency aid community developed preparedness plans for up to 500,000 refugee\nreturns from the region; if this figure is surpassed in 2019, the plans will be revisited.\n\nThe key **planning assumptions** for 2019 are that:\n\n - Refugee return during 2019 will likely remain self-organised/spontaneous return movements\nor movements not organized or assisted by the humanitarian community, although much will\ndepend on the situation inside Syria.\n\n - As stated in the _Joint 3RP-HRP Regional Planning Assumptions_ : \u201c _In terms of refugee returns, it_\n_is likely that the overall number of returns from neighbouring host countries will exceed_\n_previous years although the scale and pace will vary across the region. The major factors_\n_impacting refugee returnees will continue to include security, protection concerns, shelter,_\n_access to basic services, and livelihoods, as well as the prevailing situation in host countries_ .\u201d [10]\n\nFurther planning assumptions remain as those published in the _CPSS_, including:\n\n**\u2022** Conflict will continue in some parts of the country, with potential for further escalation, while\nother areas remain relatively calm compared to previous years;\n\n**\u2022** The Government of Syria is increasingly consolidating control over the territory. Some areas\nremain under the control of non-state actors, though these may be shrinking due to military\noperations, and in some cases, local political processes.\n\n**\u2022** Protection concerns in some areas remain significant for returning IDPs, returning refugees and\nthe resident population. Fear of retaliation, military conscription, security screening, arrest,\ncharges illegally applied at crossing points, and associated limitations on freedom of movement\nare major obstacles to safe, dignified and sustainable returns;\n\n**\u2022** Destruction of property, infrastructure and disruption of services is enormous, and will remain\nan obstacle to large-scale sustainable return. Explosive hazards continue to affect a high number\nof communities, causing death and injuries, but also limiting delivery of aid, access to farmland,\nand rehabilitation of services and infrastructure;\n\n**\u2022** While progress is noted, needs for, and difficulties in, accessing civil documentation,\naccompanied by related high costs, delays in accessing documents to prove Housing, Land and\nProperty (HLP) rights, and lack of resolution mechanisms for HLP compensation or restitution\nremain obstacles for return;\n\n**\u2022** Access of humanitarian actors, including to areas of return, remains selective and restricted in\ncertain parts of the country, and generally highly regulated, thereby limiting _inter alia_, the ability\nto assess conditions and safety in these areas.\n\n### **SECTORAL OVERVIEW**\n\nThe following section provides a summary overview of the content \u2013 by sector \u2013 from the regional and\ncountry-based refugee return preparedness plans. Those plans outline key operational issues\nincluding specific sectoral standards, policies, objectives and activities by location (i.e. country of\norigin and/or host country) and phase (either phase 1 or 2). The below sector summaries include detail\non: 1) Sector-specific context(s)/challenges; 2) Relevant policies/standards/approaches, and; 3)\nActivities as related to the region, host countries, and inside Syria.\n\n\n10 3RP-HRP Regional Planning Assumptions 2019.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9454860091209412, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8210635185241699, - "start": 124, - "end": 125 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9828367233276367, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee returns", - "confidence": 0.5394033193588257, - "start": 40, - "end": 42 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Most activities are implemented in both Phases 1 and 2, with differences being the scale or modality\nof implementation. In the case of a notable difference or exclusive implementation in a single phase,\nthis is explicitly mentioned. As mentioned above, assistance provided inside Syria in both Phases 1 and\n2 will continue to be needs-based and integrated into existing programming. It is worth noting that\nmany of the ongoing activities outlined below are fully included in programmatic and budgetary terms\nin either the 3RP or HRP.\n\nWhile the below provides sectoral overviews of the regionally-coherent approach across the Syria\nsituation, the implementation of activities is country-driven as illustrated in the country-specific plans.\n\n##### Protection\n\nProtection is at the cornerstone of the response and focuses on addressing the returnees\u2019 protection\nneeds that are linked to the effects of the conflict, their protracted displacement in the host country\nand their journey back to Syria. While protection considerations are mainstreamed throughout all\nsectors, there are also specific interventions required to support a safe and dignified return in Phases\n1 and 2. These include _inter alia_ access to: objective information on the conditions inside Syria, nondiscriminatory provision and access to protection services, accessible and affordable civil\ndocumentation, and targeted assistance for individuals with specific needs. While humanitarian access\nis essential throughout all sectors, and unhindered access to returnees and returnee areas is one of\nthe protection thresholds, it is of particular importance as a key to protection follow-up and delivery.\n\nTo address specific protection needs, core protection-related activities are ongoing and being\nexpanded, such as counselling related to return and information on the situation in return areas\n(including explosive hazard risk education), legal awareness, and counselling and assistance in\nobtaining civil documentation (particularly birth, marriage, divorce, and death certificates, as well as\nfamily booklets and national ID card) and travel documents including passports. Due attention is\nprovided to persons with specific needs in particular on the availability of the services available in their\nintended return area. Inside Syria, returned refugees benefit from the existing and ongoing protection\nengagement in the provision of integrated protection services. This includes networks of community\ncentres, outreach volunteers, mobile teams, working groups with authorities, and other integrated\nand stand-alone programmes.\n\nEvery individual\u2019s decision to return has to be informed and genuinely voluntary, without any\ncoercion. A critical activity is verification of a free and informed decision through voluntariness\nassessment and ensuring that refugees are provided unbiased and detailed information on conditions\nin areas of intended return. The interagency community endeavours to be in a position to provide\nrefugees as much objective and detailed information as possible on the prevailing situation as well as\nthe status of services, including their availability and access to them. Continued access constraints and\nrestrictions throughout Syria limit the ability to provide detailed and granular information across all\nsectors.\n\nWhile select protection activities remain within UNHCR\u2019s mandated scope of action (e.g. voluntariness\nassessment, registration issues such as ensuring timely and appropriate inactivation in the UNHCR\ndatabase, and \u2013 during Phase 2 \u2013 issuance of voluntary repatriation forms), others are a shared\nresponsibility with the wider interagency community, such as communication on the return processes\nor advocacy to waive exit and entry formalities. Information-sharing between concerned agencies is\nbeing strengthened, including for technical and sensitive protection activities, such as family tracing\nand support to SGBV survivors. To ensure transparency and accountability, feedback and response\nmechanisms are being expanded for people of concern, including confidential complaint mechanisms.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Moreover, based on individual assessment for returnees with compelling humanitarian and/or\nprotection profiles, individuals with specific needs will require special assistance both during Phases 1\nand 2, ranging from referrals of cases from humanitarian actors in host countries to those in Syria, to\nspecific needs-based transportation and/or tailored assistance.\n\nRecognising the role of civil documentation as a foundation for the effective enjoyment of a broad\nrange of rights, as well as the prevention of statelessness, the response will sustain advocacy and\ninterventions to promote the recognition of civil documentation wherever issued, e.g. issued in\ncountries of asylum, and waive fees and fines to access documentation, while seeking to resolve\nsituations where the civil documentation of returnees is missing, incomplete or expired.\n\n##### Basic Assistance\n\nBasic assistance refers to specific material assistance not covered by other sectors (e.g. core relief\nitems), as well as transportation assistance to be provided to returnees (persons and goods).\n\nAs stated above, during Phase 1, refugees\u2019 voluntary return can be facilitated on an exceptional and\ncase-by-case basis with a focus on the most vulnerable refugees, while inside Syria returning refugees\nare supported on a needs basis through regular humanitarian programmes. Core relief items will\ncontinue to be provided to the returnee population in Syria, including seasonal items such as winter\nclothing and blankets. In special circumstances (e.g. extreme cold weather during the movement) core\nrelief items such as blankets can be provided to those in need before departure.\n\nIn Phase 2, when large-scale facilitated repatriation is appropriate, the interagency community would\nprovide transportation support for all returning refugees and their assets, either in-kind or through\ncash, to cover their entire journey; transit and related infrastructure/expenses would be avoided\nwherever possible. The parameters of the Phase 2 transportation will be defined at the regional level\nto ensure coherence across the region, while the delivery modalities and coordination with other\nassistance (including cash assistance) will be determined at country level.\n\nDuring Phases 1 and 2, in order to support safe and dignified movement for those who voluntarily\ndecide to return, institutional support can be provided to host countries and Syria, as needed, on\nmanagement of persons and goods across borders. In this context, specific, humanitarian support is\nprovided in a carefully calibrated manner, aligned with the phases and needs of refugees.\n\n##### Education\n\nThe challenges faced by returned refugees as related to education include difficulties obtaining\nrecognition in Syria of educational achievements in host countries, limitations in being able to\nadequately document qualifications, lack of access to educational programmes, and for some, having\nbeen educated in another language than Arabic.\n\nIn consideration of the above, interventions focus on minimizing barriers to learning by: providing\nreturnees with school certificate/degrees prior to departure; providing information on availability of\neducation services and facilities inside Syria, including the ability to be enrolled in the school feeding\nprogrammes; ensuring individual assistance for those with specific learning needs (e.g. assistive\ndevices support for children with disabilities), and; ensuring that learners benefit from a structured\ntransition to/continuity of education and a fair recognition of achievements.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In order to enable children and youth to access recognized and certified quality education, in both\nPhases 1 and 2, aid actors will continue to advocate for equivalency and recognition of educational\nattainments in exile. This includes advocacy for availability at national level of necessary protocols in\nSyria for accreditation and certification of learning. Advocacy will also focus on facilitating the (re-)\nentry to learning for children who have only been able to access non-formal learning environments,\nor none at all, including those lacking identity and civil documentation.\n\nOther important activities include the provision of information on education-related documents to\nacquire before return; interventions which facilitate issuance of school certificate/degrees prior to\ndeparture including equivalency and placement tests on return; support for accredited bridging or\ncatch-up programmes; continued promotion of access to documentation, as national ID cards are\nrequired to sit for official school exams, and; sharing of educational status and specific needs of\nrefugee children in host countries in order to inform education programmes and support in Syria.\n\n##### Health and Nutrition\n\nEnsuring that the health and nutrition status of returnees is not destabilised or worsened by the return\nmovement and that basic health and nutrition needs are addressed is a fundamental responsibility of\nthe concerned states with the support of the interagency aid community. [11] The support detailed below\nis required during both Phases 1 and 2.\n\nKey health activities that should take place include basic health care services, pre-departure health\nscreening (including fit-to-travel health checks), immunization services, emergency healthcare at\ncritical points of the return journey, and provision of updated health documentation, ensuring that\nreturnees have access to medical records and certificates.\n\nHealth formalities related to return movements are presently supported by host country institutions\nand/or on-the-ground aid actors, including referral mechanisms for persons with specific medical\nneeds. With reference to the latter, the special medical needs of refugees are to be met with essential\ndrugs, including for chronic conditions, provided before departure to bridge possible gaps before\narrival in the home country. Support to health systems are in need of further development given the\npotential scale of operations. Information on the healthcare situation and services in areas of intended\nreturn, including available facilities, doctors and medication, as well as ability to be enrolled in the\nprevention and treatment of malnutrition programmes for children under 24 months is included in\nthe counselling to refugees, noting that the situation in Syria is evolving, and related information\ncontinues to change. The needs of particularly vulnerable cases therefore receive individualised\nfeedback, such as mapping health care plans and information for treatment for those planning to\nreturn, including clarifying when no such information is available.\n\nIn respect to nutrition, support to nutrition needs and care particularly for severe and moderate\nmalnourished refugees is factored into the country-specific planning and return operations (e.g.\nrequired counselling and support for pregnant and lactating mothers and children in need, such as\nsupplements provided prior to return).\n\n\n11 See UNHCR, _[Guidance for Public Health Interventions for Repatriation](https://www.unhcr.org/4f7080349.pdf)_ .\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n\nIn the context of return, refugees require access to safe drinking water and adequate and gendersensitive sanitation facilities during the entire duration of their journey. WASH interventions play a\ncrucial role in limiting the risk of contracting infectious diseases and ensuring the dignity and safety of\nthe returnees, especially women, through the provision of hygiene supplies and set-up of secure and\nprivate WASH facilities.\n\nWhile the scale of the intervention depends on the level of return and the specific support needs of\nthe countries, the type of WASH assistance planned, during Phases 1 and 2, encompasses a range of\nactivities, from ensuring sanitation facilities in waiting areas according to SPHERE standards _,_ to\nensuring during the return movement adequate quantity and quality of drinking water, and upon\nreturn providing hygiene items, including diapers and women's sanitary pads.\n\nIn the case of large-scale facilitated return, preparatory steps include identifying and planning for\nadequate water and sanitation measures. Wherever possible, water and sanitation response is\ncombined with the promotion of good personal and environmental hygiene. Host and return country\noperations coordinate closely on WASH assistance in order to guarantee WASH coverage and\ncontinuity of assistance throughout the entire return journey. Planned activities also include\ndecommissioning of the distributed WASH installations in informal settlements where returning\nrefugees resided (e.g. water tanks, latrines).\n\n##### Shelter\n\nWhen asked about their intentions to return, refugees reported the need for information on\navailability of shelter and status of their property as among their top three information needs. [12] The\ncore shelter activities, during both Phases 1 and 2, focus on aiming to ensure that those deciding to\ngo back have the needed information on the general shelter conditions in locations of anticipated\nreturn inside Syria, the Housing, Land and Property requirements to reclaim their property, the status\nof the shelter services available, and are granted with access to safe physical space (e.g. reception\npoints or waiting areas where needed) to receive needed assistance during the journey. As stated\nabove, the scope of this framework does not cover reintegration inside Syria.\n\nEventual Phase 2 transport assistance would aim to ensure point of departure to point of arrival\nsupport, and therefore avoid the need for transit/reception-related structures. However, these\nstructures might need to be established/built in limited instances depending on the routes/distances,\ncontexts, and country of asylum/origin requirements. In such case, these spaces may be used as\novernight shelters and must ensure the physical safety of returned refugees, especially women, by\nadopting relevant measures as per guidelines on preventing and responding to GBV. [13] In cases where\ntransit\u2013related facilities are required, support can be provided to authorities during Phases 1 and 2 to\nensure that transit facilities and reception centres meet standards, ultimately toward the safety and\ndignity of returnees. (As with WASH, the planned activities include decontamination and\ndecommissioning of sites in the country of asylum, such as dismantling of temporary structures and\nwaste management).\n\n\n12 Refugee Perceptions and Intentions Survey (5th round, surveyed Nov. 2018 to Jan. 2018), publication forthcoming. To\nnote, the intentions surveys were carried out in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon.\n13 See e.g. IASC, _[Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action](https://gbvguidelines.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015-IASC-Gender-based-Violence-Guidelines_lo-res.pdf)_ .\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Perceptions and Intentions Survey", - "confidence": 0.9904863238334656, - "start": 578, - "end": 583 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8705590963363647, - "start": 582, - "end": 583 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Egypt", - "confidence": 0.683122456073761, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions surveys", - "confidence": 0.9774335026741028, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Egypt", - "confidence": 0.6564391255378723, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Food\n\nIn the context of return, food assistance remains a priority intervention in both Phases 1 and 2 and\nwill continue to be provided based on needs. Inside Syria, returning refugees will have access to a onetime package of Ready-to-Eat food (equal to that provided to returning IDPs) with an extension of dry\nrations based on vulnerability level. Returnees will also be integrated into ongoing needs-based\nassistance targeted at Syrians meeting vulnerability criteria.\n\nDuring both Phases 1 and 2, specific assistance given in host countries to targeted returnees will\ninclude the extension, and possible top-ups, of the ongoing cash-based support to those vulnerable\nrefugees deciding to return and other specific food-related assistance to be determined in\nconsultation with relevant stakeholders.\n\nInformation on markets, prices and availability of specific goods and commodities in different areas of\nSyria will be integrated in the counselling to refugees, and used for analysis to inform the development\nof food security programming.\n\nInteragency coordination systems to allow for retrieving food-cards and/or deactivate beneficiaries\u2019\nassistance within the region mitigate possible misuse and ensure efficiency by reallocating related\nfunds to extend existing programmes for the remaining refugees.\n\n##### Livelihoods\n\nIt has been demonstrated that refugees with the highest chances of being self-reliant upon return are\nlikely to return first. [14] Therefore, returned refugees\u2019 specific needs related to livelihoods encompass\nboth the need for information on availability of livelihoods opportunities in Syria based on their\nrespective professional expertise, and the expectation for recognition of their academic/training\ncertificates toward continuing education in Syria and facilitating their labour market integration.\n\nIn consideration of the above, the response includes provision of information on ongoing livelihood\nprogramming, income generation opportunities, and subsequent training opportunities inside Syria.\nAlso, during both Phases 1 and 2, advocacy efforts with relevant Syrian authorities will continue\ntoward recognition and validation of vocational training certificates obtained in host countries. Efforts\nto resolve missing, incomplete or expired civil documentation will enhance efforts to promote access\nto livelihoods in the formal sector. As the pace of returns scales up, further programming that\nincreases employment and self-employment opportunities will be of utmost importance to promote\nsocial cohesion and increase self-reliance, with a particular focus on women.\n\n##### Communication with Communities\n\nRefugees need to be provided with consistent, clear and unbiased information on the situation inside\nSyria, the conditions and level of assistance in the intended areas of return, the administrative and\nlegal processes to be followed and the modalities of the journey. While refugees have their own\nsources of information about the situation inside Syria, the interagency aid community, and\nparticularly UNHCR have a responsibility to provide objective and detailed information which is\nresponsive to refugees\u2019 questions and needs for informed decision-making. Therefore,\n\n\n14 World Bank, _The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis_ . 2019. (This report focused on refugees\nin Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon).\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Communication with Communities (CWC) is an integral part of planning, essential and relevant to all\nsectors and both Phases 1 and 2.\n\nCWC aims to establish an effective two-way communication with persons of concern, grounded on\ncommunity-based protection, tailored for specific groups of all ages, gender and background. Planning\nincludes the scaling-up and establishment (where they do not already exist) of feedback mechanisms\nand confidential complaint mechanisms to ensure feedback on the return process.\n\nCountry offices, which are responsible for the direct interface and communication with refugees,\nensure that the regionally-coherent position and information is translated into clear messaging\nthrough the appropriate modalities for their respective contexts and populations of concern. This\nincludes not only providing answers to refugees\u2019 questions, but also providing guidance on where to\nreceive information on return, and roles and responsibilities of the various entities in the return and\ninformation dissemination process. Country plans ensure that key messages on return are\ndisseminated and shared with responsible frontline community workers, including outreach\nvolunteers and support committee members. Any communications and awareness campaigns related\nto the process or assistance, in all countries, are to apply best practices and should be implemented\nin close coordination with refugees and local authorities, community leaders, and civil society.\n\n##### Civil Society engagement\n\nCivil society must be utilized to inform the perceptions that various groups such as host governments\nand communities, displaced persons, and the aid and diplomatic community have relating to return.\nAs the situation in Syria is dynamic and fluid, information needs to be regularly updated and\nmaintained. Neutral civil society actors who are on the ground and most directly in touch with\nchanging contextual realities are key to ensure accurate information. Noting access constraints,\nqualitative and quantitative assessments in Syria will continue to be carried out by civil society actors\nin order to identify specific needs of refugee and IDP returnees. Specific engagement with safe and\ndignified voluntary return to Syria is, at present, under discussion with a range of civil society partners,\nincluding through the MENA Civil Society Network for Displacement and will be further elaborated in\nthe months ahead.\n\n##### Coordination\n\nCoordination is particularly challenging in the context of refugee return, where a mix of regional, incountry and cross-border cooperation between humanitarian agencies, national authorities, local\npartners, and persons of concern plays a critical role in most activities. Returnees need to be assisted\nthrough responsible, inclusive and well-coordinated structures. UNHCR will continue to lead existing\nrefugee return coordination efforts through the regional and country-level DSWGs and RRWG, with\nreadiness to shape and adjust the coordination fora in line with the needs of the response.\n\nSpecific coordination activities implemented during Phase 1 and planned to take place in Phase 2,\ninclude: i) ensuring shared approaches, policies, communication, and messaging; ii) developing\ninformation-sharing protocols among coordination units and members; iii) having a coordinated\napproach between Refugee and IDP returns; iv) ensuring coordination between country and regional\nactors through regular and structured engagement on operational issues, e.g. cash-related\ncoordination; v) strengthening regional coordination and establishing effective referral mechanisms\namong country operations and response plans (HRP-3RP), and; vi) promoting coordinated advocacy\nefforts among all stakeholders.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REVIEW AND REVISION**\n\nThis operational framework, as well as the region-specific and country-specific interagency refugee\nreturn preparedness plans upon which this is based, is subject to regular review and revision. This can\nbe done at any time in line with the changing context in Syria and refugee-hosting countries. The\ninteragency aid community, represented by the 3RP structures in refugee-hosting countries, including\nthe network of Durable Solutions Working Groups and the Return and Reintegration Working Group\nin Syria, ensure the coordination of this process and that the interagency aid community is wellprepared for a coherent and effective response to the current self-organised returns, as well as a\nfuture large-scale facilitated repatriation.\n\n_March 2019_\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ANNEX 1: PROTECTION THRESHOLDS**\n\nThe below lists the 21 Protection Thresholds from the _Comprehensive Protection and Solutions_\n_Strategy_, and for each threshold provides **considerations and indicators** which serve to measure\nprogress toward meeting them. Regarding as to when the thresholds can be considered met, the\nthresholds fall into two broad categories. First, those that can be considered absolute or immediate,\nwith these thresholds having to be fully met before large-scale facilitation can be considered (for\nexample, voluntariness or the passage of specific legal or administrative decree or decision). Second,\nthose of a more gradual character, with these thresholds requiring sustained efforts over an extended\ntime-period in order to be fully addressed (for example, non-discriminatory access to and the\navailability of basic services). This second category of thresholds can be considered met if genuine\ncommitments are demonstrated by the concerned authorities.\n\n**Threshold 1** _**\u2013**_ _Every individuals\u2019 decision to return is informed and genuinely voluntary, without any_\n_form of coercion._\n\n - Returns of refugees must only take place as a result of their free and individually expressed\ndecision, informed by relevant and reliable knowledge regarding conditions in Syria in general and\nin the intended areas of return in particular.\n\n - There must be no deadline or time limit to the exercise of the right to return.\n\n - There must be no misinformation about return conditions, and UNHCR must be allowed and in a\nposition to provide refugees regular information about safety/security in the areas of return and\nrelated to the journey.\n\n - UNHCR needs to be allowed to monitor returns prior to initiation of any return movements, be it\nself-organized or facilitated, and monitor the conditions of those who have returned.\n\n - So-called go-and-see visits and/or come-and-tell visits need to be permitted and facilitated,\nwhereby refugees are granted safe access to areas of their prospective return \u2013 as well as\nsubsequent safe return to the earlier location in the country of asylum \u2013 in order to acquaint\nthemselves with the situation prevailing in their intended areas of return and reporting thereon\nto refugee communities.\n\n - Any UNHCR support for return is based on respect for the refugees\u2019 individual right to return and\ncannot be interpreted as an indication of adequate security for all refugee populations; returns\nmust not be invoked as a ground for denying continued stay in host countries to those refugees\nwho remain behind, or for refusing the admission of new refugees.\n\n**Threshold 2** - _Everyone has the right to return to their former places of residence or of choice, and to_\n_enjoy freedom of movement._\n\n - Article 12 of ICCPR holds that everyone \u201chave the right to liberty of movement and freedom to\nchoose his residence\u201d and that restrictions on these rights can only be made if provided by law\nand if necessary _inter alia_ to protect national security and public order.\n\n - Similarly, UDHR Art. 13 holds that everyone \u201chas the right to freedom of movement and residence\nwithin the borders of each state\u201d and that everyone \u201chas the right to leave any country, including\nhis own, and to return to his country.\u201d\n\n - UNHCR and partners need to be permitted to undertake protection follow-up and assessments,\nconsultation with the population and independent assessments, through which it is assessed\nwhether or not returning refugees are allowed by authorities, or by local communities, to settle\nin a place of their choosing and move around inside Syria, for example to access schools, hospitals\nand jobs.\n\n**Threshold 3** - _Returning refugees are free from harassment, persecution and discrimination, on_\n_account of any (individual or family) diversity characteristic._\n\n - Refugees need to reintegrate without risk of harassment, intimidation, persecution or\ndiscrimination, on account of their real or perceived race, ethnicity, religion, political opinion, age,\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "gender, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, educational and social\nbackground, or other diversity characteristics.\n\n - Returning refugees also need to be free from discrimination or retaliation for reasons of having\nfled their homes and/or sought asylum abroad, or for having lived or stayed in an area under the\ncontrol of another party to the conflict, or in any area perceived to be favorable to the opposition.\n\n**Threshold 4** - _The physical, legal and material safety of refugees and returnees is ensured._\n\n - The physical, legal and material safety of returning refugees are the responsibility of the State\nwhere the returning refugees find themselves.\n\n - Physical safety entails effective measures being in place to guarantee protection from violence,\nincluding sexual violence, or threats to refugees\u2019 physical and mental safety and integrity, both en\nroute and in areas of return.\n\n - The areas of return need to be free from conflict-related threats, including military activity or the\nthreat of explosive hazards (e.g. by providing info and/or mine marking). EXCOM Conclusion No.\n18 (1980) \u201ccalled upon governments of countries of origin to provide formal guarantees for the\nsafety of returning refugees.\u201d\n\n - In addition to more immediate conflict-related threats, there is a need to ensure that returning\nrefugees are not subjected to unlawful detention, disappearances or summary executions.\n\n - Retaliatory acts, or acts by criminal networks, such as traffickers, must not be undertaken with\nimpunity, and must be subject to investigation and prosecution.\n\n - While it can be useful to distinguish between different areas within Syria that are considered safe\nfrom conflict-related threats it needs to be noted what is safe for one person, may not be safe for\nanother.\n\n - Legal safety of returning refugees entails safeguarding non-discrimination in terms of access to\nessential services, administrative procedures and national protection.\n\n - The legal safety requirement is closely inter-linked with other thresholds as it relates to\nreestablishment of nationality, the recognition of civil documentation \u2013 including, but not limited\nto, documentation issued abroad, recovery of housing, land and property, access to courts and\nremedies for rights violations, and amnesty from criminal prosecution as per Threshold 11.\n\n - Material safety entails allowing returning refugees and internally displaced persons to exercise\ntheir social, economic and cultural rights, including same access to food, water, housing, material\nsupport, and assistive tools/devices for persons with disabilities, income generating opportunities,\nhousing, land and property restitution mechanisms, health care and education, as those who did\nnot leave.\n\n - In order for returns to constitute a sustainable solution, the returning refugees must have the\nsame access to services as the population who was not displaced.\n\n**Threshold 5** _**\u2013**_ _Refugees and returnees with specific needs (including, but not limited to older persons_\n_and persons with disabilities) receive relevant protection and support, through establishment of age_\n_and gender sensitive approaches._\n\n - Concrete measures need to be undertaken to ensure that individuals or groups with specific needs\n(including those who are disabled, elderly, ill, or other vulnerable individuals) receive adequate\nprotection, assistance, and access to relevant support throughout all stages of the return and\nreintegration process.\n\n - Priority needs to be given to the re-establishment of services and institutions designed to ensure\nthe enjoyments of rights of the population, including those with specific needs, over the longterm.\n\n**Threshold 6 \u2013** _Measures are in place to ensure that the specific needs of women and girls as well as_\n_men and boys are met, that SGBV is prevented, mitigated and responded to, that access to assistance_\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_is safe and dignified and that protection, care and assistance is provided throughout all phases of the_\n_return and reintegration process._\n\n - Concrete measures need to be put in place to ensure that the specific needs of men and boys as\nwell as women and girls, and female headed households are met, including through measures to\nprevent, mitigate and respond to sexual and gender based violence, and increase the safe and\ndignified access to assistance, protection, and care to be provided through all stages of the\nreturn/repatriation and reintegration process.\n\n**Threshold 7** **\u2013** _Identified unaccompanied or separated children are not returned prior to tracing of_\n_family members and formal best interests of the child determinations have been undertaken._\n\n - Measures need to be put in place to ensure that unaccompanied or separated children are not\nreturned prior to adequate tracing of family members or without specific and adequate reception\nand care-taking arrangements in place, and that all such children possess civil documentation\nconfirming their identity.\n\n - No unaccompanied or separated children, or children who are the subject of unresolved custody\nissues, shall be returned unless a formal best interests of the child determination has concluded\nthe appropriateness of this durable solution, in line with the 2018 UNHCR Guidelines on the\nAssessment and Determination of the Best Interests of the Child.\n\n**Threshold 8** **\u2013** _The principle of family unity is upheld, including a right to enter and remain for_\n_dependents who are not Syrian citizens._\n\n - Involuntary separation of refugee family members must be prevented throughout all stages of\ndisplacement and the voluntary repatriation and reintegration process.\n\n - It is necessary for concerned authorities to provide information needed for tracing of separated\nfamily members and undertake to support and facilitate tracing efforts.\n\n - Spouses and children \u2013 including minor and adult children \u2013 of returnees, as well as other\ndependents, who are themselves not citizens of Syria must be allowed to enter the country and\nlawfully remain there in accordance with national law. This should also apply to widowed nonSyrian spouses as well as children of deceased refugees who may wish to enter and remain lawfully\nin Syria to preserve family links.\n\n**Threshold 9 \u2013** _Refugees and returnees can effectively participate in the planning and implementation_\n_of the return and reintegration process._\n\n - Refugees and returnees irrespective of their age, gender and other diversities need to engage\nmeaningfully in all stages of the assessment, planning, implementation as well as monitoring and\nevaluation of the process of return and reintegration.\n\n - Refugees are often best placed to assess risks related to return and how to abridge these. Planning\nfor return to and reintegration in Syria requires making sure return activities will properly serve\nall refugees and returnees, regardless of their age, gender, and diversity or specific needs.\n\n**Threshold 10 \u2013** _Activities by any entity that impede the informed, voluntary, safe and dignified return_\n_of refugees and displaced persons to their places of origin or of choice are prevented and addressed._\n\n - A firm commitment to securing full respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all\npersons in Syria needs to be achieved and several confidence building measures need to be\nundertaken, including:\n\n - Repealing legislation and administrative instructions and practices with discriminatory intent\nor effect;\n\n - Preventing and suppressing incitement of any form of political, religious or ethnic hostility or\nhatred;\n\n - Preventing and suppressing acts of retribution or revenge;\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Protecting persons with distinct sexual orientation and gender identity, including through\nimmediate and unhindered accesses to such population groups by international organizations\nand human rights monitors;\n\n - Protecting ethnic and religious minorities including through immediate and unhindered access\nto these populations by international organizations and human rights monitors; and\n\n - Prosecuting any personal or official acts that incites hostility or hatred or that constitutes a\nserious violation of the rights of returning refugees.\n\n**Threshold 11** **\u2013** _An amnesty is enjoyed by anyone charged with a crime other than a) a serious_\n_International Humanitarian Law violation or crime against humanity, or b) a common crime unrelated_\n_to the conflict._\n\n - An amnesty needs to be issued for all returning refugees charged with a crime, other than a\nserious violation of international humanitarian law or a crime against humanity as defined in\ninternational law since 15 July 2012 or a common crime unrelated to the conflict.\n\n - Criminal sanctions must not be resorted to for political or other inappropriate reasons.\n\n - Any unpaid taxes or administrative fees that refugees have accrued during displacement since\n2011 need to be waived.\n\n - [Relevant recent developments]: On 9 October 2018, Legislative Decree No. 18/2018 was issued,\nproviding an amnesty in cases of military desertion and draft evasion though anyone benefitting\nfrom the amnesty may still be enlisted for military service. The amnesty waives penalties for\ndesertion and evasion, for those who surrender to their conscription departments within four\nmonths (i.e. by 9 February 2019) for those who have remained in Syria and within six months (i.e.\nby 9 April 2019) for those who are outside the country.\n\n**Threshold 12 \u2013** _Returning refugees are not discriminated against with respect to military service._\n\n - Returning refugees must not be discriminated against with respect to conscription into military\nservice or reservist duties.\n\n - In addition to other grounds for exemption under national law, individual circumstances related\nto previous displacement needs to be positively considered for purposes of exemption from\nmilitary or other obligatory national service.\n\n**Threshold 13 \u2013** _Changes in legal or civil status (birth, death, marriage, divorce, adoption, custody etc.)_\n_that occurred during the conflict, including in displacement, are recognized and documentation issued_\n_by a competent authority indicating such changes are validated or valid documents are re-issued._\n\n - Validation or recognition of documentation issued to refugees to certify changes in legal or civil\nstatus, including births, deaths, marriages, divorces, adoptions and custody decisions that\noccurred in host countries needs to be ensured, possibly through collaboration with countries of\nasylum.\n\n - [Relevant recent developments]: The 2017 amendment of the Syrian Civil Affairs Law (Law No. 4)\nintroduces several positive provisions, including the clarification that civil status documentation\nobtained by Syrians abroad will be treated as valid in Syria (Article 17).\n\n - Changes in legal or civil status of refugees that occurred in any country while in displacement\nneeds to be recognized, including birth, death, marriage, divorce, adoption and custody decisions.\n\n - Legal or civil status documentation provided to refugees by the competent authorities in countries\nof asylum needs to be recognized in full.\n\n - Appropriate evidentiary value needs to be granted to civil documentation as well as notification\nof vital events issued by hospitals, clinics, etc. issued to refugees by non-state entities (inside or\noutside Syria) since 2011, in establishing relevant facts such as age, identity, nationality and family\ncomposition.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Registration of corresponding civil status events and documents certifying legal or civil status\nneeds to be provided to returnees at no cost, and otherwise applicable fines due to delayed\napplications and registration of vital events are to be waived.\n\n**Threshold 14** - _Documentation from UNHCR or other internationally mandated organizations is_\n_recognized._\n\n - Documentation provided to refugees by UNHCR or other international organizations need to be\nrecognized in full.\n\n**Threshold 15** **\u2013** _For those not holding identity documentation, alternative forms of evidence are_\n_accepted._\n\n - For those refugees who do not hold documentation proving their identity, family composition,\nnationality or habitual residence, alternative forms of evidence, such as testimonies, needs to be\naccepted.\n\n**Threshold 16 \u2013** _Legislative measures are undertaken to allow for issuance of documents necessary to_\n_establish identity, family composition and nationality._\n\n - Legislative or administrative measures need to be undertaken to allow for the issuance of national\ncivil documentation and other legal documents necessary to establish returnees\u2019 identity, family\ncomposition and nationality at no cost, and will not apply fines or other sanctions for failure to\nregister.\n\n - Documentation must be issued on an equal basis for men and women.\n\n - Refugees must be allowed to correct erroneous/incorrect information contained in civil\ndocuments (date of birth, place of birth, date of marriage, etc.) issued during the conflict, without\npenalty or sanction.\n\n**Threshold 17** **\u2013** _Legislative measures are undertaken to prevent statelessness, including that birth_\n_certificates are issued to refugee children who are not in possession of such documents._\n\n - In order to prevent statelessness as a result of displacement and family separation, legislative\nmeasures need to be undertaken to ensure that returning refugees born to a Syrian parent \u2013\nfemale or male (inside or outside Syria) \u2013 are considered citizens of Syria and receive\ndocumentation proving this.\n\n - In the event that birth notifications or certificates have not been issued to refugee children prior\nto repatriation or return, legislative measures to allow for the issuance of legal documentation, as\nnecessary, at no cost and in waiving any otherwise applicable fines, to ensure that there is no\nexclusion of returning refugees from nationality.\n\n**Threshold 18** **\u2013** _The validation, recognition and equivalency of academic/professional/vocational_\n_diplomas/certificates/degrees during displacement is recognized, as appropriate._\n\n - As appropriate and in accordance with national laws, the equivalency of academic, professional\nand vocational diplomas, certificates and degrees acquired by refugees while abroad needs to be\nrecognized and ensure the reintegration of school aged children into the public school system at\nthe appropriate level.\n\n - Equivalency documents of academic and vocational skills, diplomas and certificates needs to be\nprovided to returnees at no cost.\n\n**Threshold 19** **\u2013** _Access is provided to effective legal processes \u2014 which adhere to human rights_\n_principles\u2014 to restore/compensate housing, land and property, with special attention given to the_\n_rights of female heads of households and the rights of secondary occupants of refugees' property._\n\n - Refugees have the right to have access to effective legal processes which function toward\nrestoring to them any housing, land and property of which they were unknowingly, unwillingly,\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arbitrarily or unlawfully deprived (de jure or de facto) by any individual or entity since 2011, and\nto be compensated for any housing, land and property that was destroyed or is otherwise\nimpossible to restore.\n\n - Persons both inside and outside Syria, whose property rights may be affected by new laws must\nbe given sufficient time to file claims and/or challenge decisions in order to protect their property\nrights.\n\n - The right to restitution is not conditional on a refugee returning to Syria or the area where the\nhousing, land and property is situated.\n\n - There is a need to establish and support equitable, timely, independent, transparent and nondiscriminatory procedures, institutions and mechanisms to assess and enforce housing, land and\nproperty restitution claims.\n\n - In case existing procedures, institutions and mechanisms can effectively address these issues,\nadequate financial, human and other resources need to be allocated.\n\n - Besides deciding on (competing) ownership/user claims, the aforementioned procedures,\ninstitutions and mechanisms should also have jurisdiction to award compensation for damage to\nhousing, land and property as a result of the conflict. It needs to be recognized that a significant\nnumber of refugees may not be able to present official documentation attesting their ownership\nor user rights over housing, land and property and this must be taken into consideration in respect\nto the standard of proof that will be adopted by the aforementioned procedures, institutions and\nmechanisms.\n\n - Any housing, land or property transaction that was made under duress, or which was otherwise\ncoerced or forced, either directly or indirectly, or which was carried out contrary to international\nhuman rights standards needs to be rendered null and void.\n\n - Any inheritance, sale, lease or other purchase which was lawfully concluded, without duress or\nunlawful or arbitrary deprivation needs to be recognized.\n\n - [Relevant recent developments]: Regarding urban redevelopment laws, Law 42 / 2018 amended\nLaw 10 / 2018, inter alia by extending the deadline for proving ownership from 30 days to one\nyear, providing clarification that rights-holders whose property rights are registered in the\ncadaster need not present a claim (though it remains unclear how situations of destroyed\ncadastral records will be addressed) and giving claimants who do not file a claim within the\ndeadline the right to submit claims to a Dispute Resolution Committee or to the regular courts for\nlitigation.\n\n**Threshold 20 \u2013** _UNHCR\u2019s supervisory role is respected._\n\n - UNHCR\u2019s supervisory role needs to be respected, with this role including (but not being limited to)\nwitnessing the voluntariness of the repatriation, following the reintegration of returnees, and all\ninterventions aimed at ensuring repatriation in safety and dignity.\n\n**Threshold 21 \u2013** _Staff of international organisations and their partners enjoy cooperation with the_\n_authorities as well as full and unrestricted access to returnees and returnee areas; and the safety and_\n_security of staff, premises and equipment is ensured._ _[15]_\n\n - Pre-existing obligations towards UNHCR and other international organizations arising from its 29\nSeptember 1953 accession to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United\nNations (1946) need to be recognized.\n\n - There needs to be agreement to cooperate with international organisations and facilitate timely,\nfull and unrestricted access for staff of these organisations to all returnees and to all areas where\nthey reside, without administrative impediments. Relief goods, equipment and vehicles of\n\n\n15 The original CPSS paper had 22 thresholds. While the content has not changed, thresholds 21 and 22 have been\ncombined here.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitarian and development actors need to be exempt from all restrictions, quotas, limitations,\ntaxes, duties and levies.\n\n- The clearance and handling of such items need to be expedited.\n\n- All necessary measures need to be undertaken to respect the 1994 Convention on the Safety of\nUnited Nations and Associated Personnel and to ensure the safety and security of staff, premises\nand equipment of humanitarian and development organizations.\n\n- The free movement of staff of humanitarian and development organizations, as well as vehicles,\nrelief goods and equipment, need to be facilitated.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34155aa2-64a0-3057-a880-7e5efb481d30/71524.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_189/raw/doc_189_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_189/raw/doc_189_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cdec028b30607c78185521eca1ecbc79f5899ace..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_189/raw/doc_189_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Food Business Entrepreneurship in Refugees Response**\n\n**Workshop Report**\n\n\n19 September 2019\n\n\nInogar Building \u2013 \u0130stanbul\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction:**\n\n\nThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with Food\nSecurity and Agriculture (FSA) sector, organized a workshop entitled: \u201cFood business\nEntrepreneurship in Refugees Response\u201d. The workshop intended to enhance the capacity of FSA\nsector partners in implementing the food business interventions in the context of the response to\nthe current Syrian refugee crisis in Turkey. In addition, the workshop also aimed to provide the\nopportunity for participants to discuss and exchange information on the food entrepreneurship\nprogrammes, and how these programmes can foster the food value chains resilience, generate and\nstabilise farm income, and reinforce existing initiatives for both refugees and host communities.\nThe workshop was held at the Inogar Building where the L.I.F.E project from CIPE Organization was\nimplemented in \u0130stanbul for the whole day on 19 Sept. 2019.\n\n\n**Scope and objectives**\n\n\nThe objective of the workshop was to support FSA sector partners in implementing and managing\nfood related livelihood interventions that have potentials for growth in Turkey.\n\n\nSpecific objectives of the training were for participants to:\n\n\n- obtain capacity in planning and designing the food business interventions;\n\n- be equipped with the best practices and lessons learned from the past and current livelihood\ninterventions on food industry;\n\n- identify the gaps and challenges in planning and designing the food entrepreneurship activities\nin the current context; and\n\n- better understand related laws and rules for efficient collaboration and coordination with the\nlocal authorities.\n\n- sensitizing and imparting knowledge and skills to all FSA sector actors, including private sector\ncollaborators to support the profitable entrepreneurship initiative.\n\n**Participants:**\n\n\nThe workshop gathered about 25 participants from national, international entities, who are\ninterested in the food entrepreneurship programmes in Turkey. The expert from Refugees\n(M\u00fclteciler) Association in Sultanbeyli Municipality one of the districts of \u0130stanbul and members of\nexecutive committee of Syrian International Business Association (SIBA) attended the meeting as\nwell.\n\n\n**Workshop sessions:**\n\n\nThe workshop was facilitated by the Coordinator and Information Management Associate (IMA) of\nFood Security and Agriculture sector. The workshop alternated between presentations, plenary and\ngroup work sessions. Emphasis was given on maximizing the sharing of experiences between\nparticipants and practically experimenting a methodology for joint planning.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Session 1: Opening**\n\n\nIn this session, the FSA sector Coordinator introduced the objectives of the workshop, major\ncontents and timetable as well as the expected results and outputs followed by the introduction of\nthe participants. It was highlighted that _entrepreneurship_ is at the core of the FSA sector strategy,\nas it can make an important contribution to the livelihoods of refugees and host communities by\ndriving economic growth, promoting productive capacity, employment and decent work to\neradicate poverty, helping to improve social conditions and contributing to addressing livelihood\nchallenges, as well as engendering inclusive outcomes for disadvantaged groups, including the\npoor, women and youth. It was mentioned that this workshop has been designed to explore how\nthe role of entrepreneurship in productive capacity-building in refugee situations. In particular, the\nworkshop expected to discuss good practices and lessons learned in developing and implementing\nentrepreneurship policies in Turkey, highlighting the importance of a holistic and coherent\napproach to ensure impactful results.\n\n\nThe key role of entrepreneurship is due to the contribution that enterprises, in particular micro,\nsmall and medium-sized enterprises, make to economic growth. They are important drivers of job\ncreation, providing a significant portion of formal jobs in Turkey and specifically in the food sector.\n\n\nGovernments play an important role in creating an enabling environment for enterprise, promoting\nentrepreneurship and the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, building\nproductive capacity and encouraging inclusive growth. In this regard, the efforts of Turkish\ngovernment have been acknowledged, and the engagement and leadership role of the government\nentities (especially municipalities) was emphasized in such of events.\n\n\n**Session 2: Case Studies and scenarios on Food Entrepreneurship interventions.**\n\n\nIn this session, three successful case studies /project for CIPE, IDEMA, 4C@rma organizations were\npresented by relevant staff in each organization.\n\n\n_L.I.F.E Project by CIPE Organization_\n\n\nLivelihoods Innovation through Food Entrepreneurship (L.I.F. E) programme was introduced to the\nFSA Sector partners by the Country Director of CIPE, Turkey.The main objective of the LIFE project\nis to support and encourage entrepreneurship, job creation and cross-cultural engagement\nbetween refugees and locals in the food sector.\n\n\nIt was mentioned that LIFE project brings together refugees, host communities and other\nstakeholders through gastro diplomacy programming to promote social cohesion. Participants\nbring their own unique cultures and cuisines to their communities, while also The LIFE project is a\nconsortium of partners who bring a depth and breadth of expertise to the table: The Center for\nInternational Private Enterprise (CIPE), IDEMA, Union Kitchen, the Stimson Center, and the William\nDavidson Institute at the University of Michigan.\n\n\nA \u2018Cook book\u2019 is under preparation to be published and LIFE Project becomes a part of society.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_IDEMA Organization_\n\n\nInternational Development Management (IDEMA) Organization is committed to provide meaningful\nimpact through developing and implementing **socio-economic development projects**, realizing\ninnovative solutions towards development obstacles and serving as a hub for development\npractitioners to form global partnerships. IDEMA is implementing novel projects to remove the\nchallenges beyond the development of Turkey and expand the economic benefits for both refugees\nand host communities. In the last 3 years, IDEMA has channeled its main competitive abilities to\nprovide relief to the contemporary, hyperdimensional problems of today including migration and\nmigration integration. In this context, in order to increase effectiveness, efficiency, quality and\nhuman-orientation of humanitarian services offered to refugees and asylum-seekers from Syria, Iraq,\nAfghanistan that have settled in Turkey, IDEMA has been running Needsmap project which is a nonprofit map-based interactive humanitarian platform where people in need and people who need help\nmeet through a system of non-monetary contributions.\n\nIDEMA has specialized in developing improving employability and career development of\ndisadvantaged groups, primarily the refugees from Syria. In this context, IDEMA has developed\nprojects to enhance career development and employability of the women, children, young, disabled\nand working age refugees that appear to be settled in Turkey. Within this scope IDEMA is\nimplementing the Production Facility for Women (K\u00dcME) project supported by Worldbank. The\nproject aims to support women through establishing food entrepreneurs cooperative in Mersin. The\nproject targets Syrian refugee women as well as host community members.\n\nIDEMA is the implementing agency of \u201cDisaster Resiliency Program for SMEs of Turkey\u201d or \u201cSa\u011flam\nKobi\u201d in Turkish. The program implemented in partnership with UPS, US Chamber of Commerce,\nWorld Economic Forum and CSR Turkey Association. The goal is to engage the private and public\nsector and civil society organizations to work together and identify best practices to enhance the\nresilience of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey.\n\n**IDEMA, serves as the implementing lead of the LIFE Project in Turkey, from designing and**\n**managing the Food Enterprise Center (FEC), to delivering entrepreneurship support, workshops,**\n**and events.**\n\n\n_EKIP Project_\n\n\nEffective Women Business Platform (EK\u0130P) is a new healthy food business project created in Istanbul\nwith funding from the European Union, administered by the World Bank under the EU facility for\nRefugees in Turkey.\n\nThe 2-year project started in January 2019 with the aim of providing innovative, healthy and\naffordable food products and meals, produced sustainably, while practicing **social** **cooperative**\neconomics with and for women.The project targets 50 Syrian refugee and Turkish women to\npromote \u201cwomen farmers\u201d by licensing their products via cooperative. The targeted women who\ngrow their products will enter the food market with their own brandmark in \u0130stanbul, big cities in\nTurkey and beyond.\nIn addition,language skills training as well as mentoring activities will be provided to the targeted\nwomen to strengthen social cohesion among Syrian and host community.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Session 3: Visit CIPE Entrepreneur incubation and meet L.I.F.E project members**\n\n\nFSA sector partners had the chance to meet with the L.I.F.E Project members (Beneficiaries) who\nare well-skilled and have their own project ideas with regards to healthy diet, healthy food and\nentrepreneurship in food sector. It was an extraordinary opportunity for the workshop\u2019s\nparticipants to hear the stories of their journeys how to become food entrepreneurs in Turkey. In\ntheir turn the members (trainees) got the opportunity to share their project plans with all\nparticipants.\n\n\nSome of the project ideas were written as below;\n\n\n- Set up a kitchen /cooking project and provide training to the beneficiaries on how to produce\norganic bread.\n\n- Produce organic peanut butter and market it through organic shops in Turkey as well as online\nchannels.\n\n- Production of organic bread by using organic seed with the slogan of \u201cclean seed, clean food\u201d\n\n\nGastrodiplomacy event within the scope of L.I. F.E project team was combined with the workshop.\nThe trainees (members) of both Syrian, Turkish communities showcased their food businesses,\nusing pitching and networking skills developed during the L.I. F.E program. The food prepared by\ntrainees with strong believe that food is a powerful tool to upend misconceived stereotypes and\nencourage social bonds, while also promoting professional networking opportunities. The\nparticipants have had the opportunity to test various types of food, as well as the event featured a\ncurated discussion on the role of food in bridging communities and creating livelihoods.\n\n\n**Session 4: Guidelines for implementing Food Entrepreneurship project**\n\n\nMr. Mert Okcebe, Livelihood Officer of M\u00fclteciler Association, shared with partners the\nprogrammes implemented on Refugee Response in the province of Sultanbeyli, \u0130stanbul Turkey.\n\n\nThe total number of refugees in Sultanbeyli Municipality is around 30.000 most of whom are\nSyrians. However, the total population in Sultanbeyli Municipality is 327.000 means that refugees\u2019\ncommunity is representing around 10% of the total population. The Refugee Association was\nestablished with the support of Sultanbeyli Municipality in 2014, consisting of Community\nRehabilitation, Refugee Health and Turkish Education as well as Youth and Children Education\nCentres. In addition the association provides legal consultancy, business counseling and playground\nfor children. Refugee Association implements various projects with the funds provided by different\ndonors (UNHCR, WHH, GIZ, Relief Int.,IBC etc.) to support refugees in aforementioned sectors.\n\n\n**Session 5: The role of private sector in supporting Food Entrepreneurship innovations in Refugee**\n**Response**\n\n\nMr. Rasheed Hamwi, one of the executive committee members of Syrian Business International\nAssociation (SIBA) informed the participants about the activities of association as well as challenges\nand opportunities that are faced by the Syrian entrepreneurs in food sector. SIBA support Syrian\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "entrepreneurs by providing mentoring and coaching activities as well as facilitating the start-ups to\nreach the market. In addition, SIBA is working on to launch an \u2018Entrepreneurship Club\u2019.\n\n\nThe gaps and challenges were identified as;\n\n\n - Administrative, legislative issues and access to finance for both Syrian entrepreneurs and\nhost community members;\n\n - Language, for Syrians to access food sector and local market;\n\n - Disability to reach best suppliers due to the lack of knowledge of local market;\n\n - Limited funding opportunities to support food entrepreneurship programmes;\n\n - Lack of connection with NGOs, organizations and institutions;\n\n - IFIs have lack of knowledge about **social entrepreneurship.**\n\n\n - Mr. Rasheed Hamwi has suggested the following initiatives to be considered for any\nfunding opportunity in food sector: **Eco-friendly production** for food industry;\n\n - Engage more with multisectoral organizations: Zorlu Holding, given as an example, from\nprivate sector co- leads one of the well-established entrepreneurship programme for\nrefugees, named IMECE. (social innovation platform)\n\n - Marketing the agricultural food products through digital media channels;\n\n - Promote Syrian-Turkish products and raise awareness globally about these types of\nproducts. The objective of this initiative is to increase the export rate. Organize matchmaking events by bringing together Syrian and Turkish companies.\n\n\n**Conclusions and recommendations**\n\n\nThe one-day workshop provided the participants with concrete knowledge on planning, designing\nand implementing food business programmes. The participants found it very useful and relevant to\ntheir functions in the refugee response. Food entrepreneurship programs focused on strengthening\nexisting initiatives for both refugees and host communities, as well as improving the resilience of\ntheir initiatives and ensuring sustainability of income stability.\n\n\nThere is a need for a follow-up through more technical workshops on food interventions for\nrefugees.\n\n\nThe following suggestions have been proposed by the participants:\n\n\n - To conduct a training on **social cohesion aspects in FSA sector**, in order to mitigate any\npotential competition between refugees and host community members.\n\n - Involve private sector, public institutions as well as academics to the next events.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e301b879-411c-3014-87db-acd30cd3f668/71674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_19/raw/doc_19_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_19/raw/doc_19_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bbb4ef3c84ac6ab04eb12204c8aff9a34da23c56..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_19/raw/doc_19_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "methods and persons involved in irregular migration was evident. In light of this\nfocus, it was of concern that applicants were informed that details may be\nshared with law enforcement agencies as appropriate, but were not offered\naccess to legal advice or counselling.\n\n28. Asylum-seekers who met with UNHCR continued to express confusion over the\nprocessing arrangements that would apply to them in PNG. As during\nUNHCR\u2019s 15-17 January 2013 visit, many advised that the information they\nreceived on arrival about the process was limited and confusing. Many were\nsomewhat reassured by indications that processing would commence\nimminently, though most expressed severe anxiety and unhappiness about\nindications they continued to receive from RPC staff that the asylum-seekers\nwere likely to remain on Manus Island anywhere from two to five years. Many\nexpressed a deep sense of injustice about why such a small number of them\nhad been selected for transfer to Manus Island out of the 20,000 or so who had\narrived by boat to Australia. This sense of injustice was compounded by the\nharsh conditions, their likely protracted stay, and uncertainty about their\neventual fate.\n\n29. UNHCR understands information fact sheets about the process have been\ndrafted but not yet finalized. UNHCR is keen to see these finalized and\ndeployed, especially in view of the uncertainty and confusion expressed by\nasylum-seekers.\n\n30. Some asylum-seekers expressed concern that they would be denied refugee\nstatus on the basis of having been charged with certain minor offences under\nPNG law. There are 18 asylum-seekers in this situation, all of whom remain on\nbail at the RPC, and regarding whom court cases are pending.\n\n31. While UNHCR acknowledges that all asylum-seekers are subject to the laws of\nthe country in which they find themselves, the 1951 Refugee Convention sets\nout exhaustive bases on which someone may be excluded from refugee status\nor expelled. The 1951 Refugee Convention does not allow for denial of status\non the basis of minor criminal offences and to do so would be disproportionate\nto the potential harm resulting. Such matters can and should be properly dealt\nwith under the ordinary criminal law of PNG, and not lead to the denial of\nrefugee status.\n\n32. UNHCR received positive indications from officials in PNG, including at the\ninternational Ministerial Meeting on 10 December 2011, that it would lift the\nseven reservations to the 1951 Refugee Convention. However, UNHCR notes\nthat despite the positive pledges made, 18 months has elapsed without any\napparent progress in having the reservations lifted.\n\n33. UNHCR welcomes progress made towards the establishment of an RSD\nsystem to allow for processing of asylum-seekers transferred from Australia to\nPNG. UNHCR also appreciates the efforts made by PNG, in cooperation with\nAustralia, to ensure there is sufficient capacity and expertise among officials to\nprocess all refugee claims fairly and expeditiously.\n\n34. UNHCR reiterates its concerns that procedural guarantees, including access to\nfair and efficient RSD procedures, were not in place at the time of transfer, and\nthat a significant period of time has elapsed between arrival of asylum-seekers\nin PNG and the establishment of an appropriate RSD process. Progress has\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a94ac84d-9fdd-389b-a38c-4acb4680c8be/2013-07-12_Manus_Island_Report_Final%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_190/raw/doc_190_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_190/raw/doc_190_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2719da100059911ba14a0cf5d4069881ed096110..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_190/raw/doc_190_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,233 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## FOREWORD BY YUSRA MARDINI\n\n_Yusra Mardini is a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador. Yusra was selected to swim competitively_\n_at Rio 2016 as part of the first ever Refugee Olympic Team._\n\n\nIn 2015, I was 17, a high school student dreaming of representing my country at international\nswimming events. As the impact of the war in Syria came closer, and after we were forced to\nabandon our home in Darayya, my older sister Sara and I took the decision to travel to Europe.\n\n\nWe hoped to be able to bring our mother and our younger sister, Shahed, to safety too. As we\nwere leaving, Shahed clung to us, sobbing, and begging us not to go.\n\n\nIt\u2019s only around 10km from the Turkish coast to the north coast of the Greek island of Lesvos.\nIn August 2015, Sara and I boarded a dinghy along with 18 others, including families with children.\nWe all knew that many people had died making the journey ahead. We were all equally afraid. But\nwe were all equally desperate to escape the violence. Like most of the boats that made that same\ncrossing, ours was dangerously overcrowded. In that deceptively short stretch of sea, our engine\nfailed.\n\n\nThe wind was blowing hard and our boat was being tossed and spun about on the waves. The light\nwas fading. Sara and I were experienced swimmers but others on the boat were not. We took\nturns in the water, making the boat lighter and helping turn it to face the waves to prevent it from\ncapsizing. We called for help but no one came.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The memory of that sea journey will remain with me always.\n\n\nFor over three hours we swam. Everyone was praying. At last, the engine spluttered back to life and\nwe reached the shore.\n\n\nI struggle with this story, to understand why we made it when many others didn\u2019t. Each time I hear\nabout a group drowning at sea, it takes me back there, clinging to the boat\u2019s rope, desperately\ntreading water.\n\n\nIn my role as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, I\u2019ve had the chance\nto meet many others who\u2019ve endured their own desperate journeys while seeking safety. On a trip\nto Sicily with UNHCR, I heard stories from others who had crossed the sea from North Africa to Italy,\nstories that were full of hardship, heartbreak, grief and trauma. But ultimately, like my own,\nof survival.\n\n\nI met a woman, Rita, who fled Nigeria with her one-year-old baby after her husband was brutally\nmurdered. She told me about her horrific journey to Libya and then Europe. A journey on which she\nsaw friends die along the way. I met a 12-year-old girl from Eritrea who was separated from her older\nsister while crossing the Mediterranean Sea and has not seen her since. She hoped to be able to join\nher brother in Germany. I met girls who told me they were sold during their journey.\n\n\nIt really broke my heart. Sometimes I can\u2019t sleep at night after what I\u2019ve heard.\n\n\nThe help we received in Germany allowed me to quickly move on with my life, to pursue my dream of\ncompeting at the Olympics. But, as highlighted in this new report by UNHCR,\nmany other children are still facing incredible challenges and risks moving to and through Europe.\n\n\nNo one chooses to be a refugee, to leave everything behind for an uncertain future. But, while wars\ncontinue to rage, others like Sara and me will feel compelled to make similar decisions. And when\npeople fleeing such violent situations and making such desperate journeys reach Europe we should all\nplay our part in making sure they receive the help and support they need to quickly rebuild their lives.\n\n\nThis means making sure children who arrive in Europe have safe accommodation and are not kept\nin detention, that children are identified as children and can access the systems meant to help them,\nthat children are well-informed of the options available to them, and that children from point of\narrival onwards, are able to continue with their schooling uninterrupted.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Written by Duncan Breen and UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe staff, with special thanks to UNHCR staff\n\nin the region.\n\n\nDesigned by Fiona, Budapest\n\n\nCover image: Night falls over the refugees and migrants in makeshift shelters and tents in an olive grove\n\nnext to Moria reception centre on Lesvos, September 2018. \u00a9 UNHCR/Daphne Tolis\n\n\nThis document is for general distribution. All rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\n\nauthorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, October 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **DESPERATE** **JOURNEYS**\n#### JANUARY TO SEPTEMBER 2019 **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\nForeword **.** ...................................................................................................................................................2\n\n\nIntroduction...............................................................................................................................................6\n\n\n2019 Trends Overview............................................................................................................................6\n\n\nArrivals to Greece and Cyprus **.** ......................................................................................................7\n\n\nArrivals via the Central Mediterranean from Libya **.** ...................................................................8\n\n\nArrivals to Spain **.** ................................................................................................................................9\n\n\nDeaths along Routes to and through Europe **.** .............................................................................9\n\n\nRefugee Children on the Move and in Europe ................................................................................10\n\n\nNumbers of children arriving in Europe in 2019.......................................................................10\n\n\nRisks during the journey.................................................................................................................12\n\n\nReception and accommodation **.** ...................................................................................................12\n\n\nAge assessments **.** .............................................................................................................................13\n\n\nAppointment of guardians and social workers **.** .........................................................................13\n\n\nAccess to information, including on asylum procedures ........................................................13\n\n\nAccess to education **.** .......................................................................................................................15\n\n\nReunification with families and onward movement.................................................................16\n\n\nConclusion.........................................................................................................................................16\n\n\nRecommendations..................................................................................................................................17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_More than a quarter of the refugees and_\n_migrants who arrived in Europe via the_\n_Mediterranean routes so far this year were_\n\n_children. Many of them arrived without their_\n_parents. Some were accompanied by other_\n_relatives while others were traveling without_\n_any adults they knew. The arrival of children_\n_in such numbers is not a new trend yet children_\n_face major difficulties in getting the protection_\n_and help they need once they arrive in Europe._\n_This report highlights some of these difficulties_\n_and makes recommendations to address_\n_them. It also provides a short update of key_\n_developments in the movement of refugees and_\n_migrants to Europe since the start of the year._\n\n\n6 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n## OVERVIEW\n\nAs of 30 September, some 80,800 refugees and migrants\nhad arrived via the three Mediterranean routes [1] to\nEurope, a 21% decrease compared to the same period\nlast year (102,700). In this period, some 46,100 people\narrived in Greece, 23,200 in Spain and some 7,600 in\nItaly. In addition, some 1,200 people arrived by sea in\nCyprus, along with some 2,700 people to Malta.\n\nMany refugees and migrants continued to move overland from Greece through the Western Balkans, [2] with\nonly small numbers of people remaining in the Western\nBalkans and seeking asylum there. [3] This year, as of 30\nSeptember, the Ministry of Security had reported that\nsome 21,800 people had arrived in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with thousands congregating in the northwest\nnear the border with Croatia.\n\nAt the European Union\u2019s (EU) external borders, hundreds\nof refugees and migrants continue to report having been\nbeaten and sent back across borders (some without the\nopportunity to claim asylum). Many reports were from\nthose who had been pushed back from Croatia\u2019s border\nwith Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Croatia\u2019s border\nwith Serbia, [4] along with further reports of push-backs\nto Serbia from other neighbouring states. [5]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **ARRIVALS TO GREECE AND CYPRUS**\n\nIn 2019, the largest number of refugees and migrants\n\n- some 46,100 people as of 30 September - arrived to\nEurope after crossing from Turkey to Greece, mostly\nby sea. July, August, and September 2019 saw a spike\nin arrivals to Greece, with more than 9,300 people\narriving in August and a further 12,500 in September,\nmostly from Afghanistan and Syria. However, these\nnumbers are far below the 309,900 who reached\nGreek shores between July and September 2015,\nand most of whom travelled onwards to elsewhere\nin Europe.\n\n\nThese recent arrivals have further strained the already\novercrowded reception centres on the Greek Aegean\nislands, especially on Samos and Lesvos. As of 30\nSeptember, nearly 30,700 refugees and migrants were\npresent on the islands of whom some 25,900 were in\nthe five Reception and Identification Centres (RICs),\nalmost five times more than their maximum capacity\nof 5,400. Conditions on the islands remain dire, and\nthousands of people, including many families with\nyoung children, are exposed to many risks, including\nthose arising as a result of overcrowding and substandard sanitary conditions, fire hazards, mounting\n\n\n\ntensions among frustrated communities, and sexual\nand gender-based violence. [6]\n\n\nThe number of people living in inadequate shelter\nconditions such as makeshift shelter and summer\ntents in expanded unlit and unserviced areas outside\nthe reception centres is very high, leading to increased risks for women and children in particular.\nAccess to medical and psychosocial support in the\nreception centres is very limited due to the very low\nnumber of health and social worker professionals\nprovided by the State. [7]\n\n\nOn 2 September, over 1,400 people from the Moria\nreception centre on Lesvos were transferred to the\nNea Kavala facility in northern Greece. UNHCR\ncontinues to support the transportation of asylum-seekers from the islands to mainland Greece.\nHowever, the capacity in open reception facilities\non the mainland is stretched to its limits leaving\nthousands of people stranded on the islands and\nwaiting for months to be transferred.\n\nArrivals at the Greece-Turkey land border have\ndropped by 30% compared to last year. Reasons for\nthe decrease appear to be increased preventative\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "measures on both sides of the border, including\npush-backs from Greece. [8] UNHCR has repeatedly\nvoiced concerns with the Greek authorities about the\nallegations of push-backs, including several incidents\nof possible _refoulement_, in which people seeking\ninternational protection were reported to have been\nreturned. [9]\n\n\nThe majority of people arriving irregularly in Greece\nare fleeing conflict, persecution and human rights\nviolations and those arriving by sea originate mainly\nfrom Afghanistan and Syria but also the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo, Iraq, and Palestine. Many are in\nneed of international protection and should be given\nprompt access to asylum procedures so that their\nasylum claims can be processed fairly and efficiently.\n\n\nAn upward trend in the numbers of new asylum applications continues in Cyprus, meaning that Cyprus has\nreceived the most applications per capita in the EU. So\nfar in 2019, 1,200 people have arrived by sea alone,\nwhile some 6,600 new asylum applications were made\nin the first half of the year. Around half of the new\nasylum applicants had resided in Cyprus on other\nimmigration statuses and come from South-East Asian\ncountries while the other half had arrived irregularly,\neither by boat or via air routes, including to the northern\npart of Cyprus. Amongst the latter, the majority were\nfrom Syria, Cameroon and other African countries.\n\n\n8 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n\nReception capacity is stretched and the backlog in\nasylum processing continues to increase.\n\n###### **ARRIVALS VIA THE CENTRAL** **MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE FROM LIBYA**\n\n\nThe first nine months of 2019 saw some positive\ndevelopments, including increased access to safe and\nlegal pathways and resettlement to Europe from 15\npriority countries along the Central Mediterranean\nroute including Libya, Niger, Chad, and Egypt, [10] as well\nas increased humanitarian evacuations from Libya to\nItaly with almost 400 people evacuated to Italy this\nyear as of the end of September. [11] On rescue at sea,\npositive steps included commitments by several\nEU Member States to receive people disembarked in\nItaly or Malta after rescue at sea and increased\nrescues by the Armed Forces of Malta of boats that\nhave departed from Libya and have reached the\nMaltese Search and Rescue Region (SRR).\n\n\nHowever, this period also saw the reduction of search\nand rescue capacity off the Libyan coast following\nthe withdrawal of EU naval vessels participating in\nEUNAVFOR Med's Operation Sophia [12] in March and\nfurther restrictions on the work of NGOs engaged in\nsearch and rescue operations. [13]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "So far this year, 58% of people who departed from\nLibya by sea were later disembarked back in Libya,\nusually following interception or rescue by the Libyan\nCoast Guard. UNHCR has repeatedly stressed that\ndue to the volatile security situation in general as well\nas detention in sub-standard conditions and reports of\nserious abuses against asylum-seekers, refugees, and\nmigrants, Libya cannot be considered a safe port, and\nno one should be disembarked there after rescue at\nsea. [14]\n\n\nSo far in 2019, some 637 people are believed to have\ndied at sea while trying to cross to Europe from Libya.\nThis includes a shipwreck off the coast of Al Khoms,\nLibya on 25 July when some 150 refugees and migrants\nwere feared to have died in the biggest known such\ndisaster at sea since May 2017.\n\n\nIn July, UNHCR, together with the International\n\nOrganization for Migration (IOM), reiterated its call for\nEuropean State vessels to resume search and rescue\noperations beyond their Search and Rescue Regions\noff the Libyan coast. [15] UNHCR and IOM have also\ncalled for the establishment of a regional disembarkation mechanism under which people rescued at sea\nwould be disembarked at assigned ports of safety\naround the Mediterranean Basin, except Libya. [16] As\nof September, disembarkation continued on a case\nby case _ad hoc_ basis with NGO boats waiting 10 days\nor more at sea on seven occasions to be assigned a\nsafe port for the people they had rescued.\n\n\n###### **ARRIVALS TO SPAIN**\n\nIn the first nine months of 2019, some 23,200 refugees\nand migrants arrived by sea and land in Spain, a 46%\ndecrease compared to the same period last year.\nMost had crossed the sea from North Africa. January\nsaw a peak in reported arrivals (4,600), but numbers\nhave dropped since then following further support [17 ]\n\nand cooperation by Spanish authorities with Moroccan\ncounterparts on search and rescue. Land arrivals in the\nSpanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla have decreased\nby 11% compared to the same period last year but\nsporadic attempts to cross the fences still continue.\nThe majority of arrivals so far this year have originated\nfrom Morocco (29%), Guinea (14%), Mali (13%), C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire (11%) and Algeria (8%).\n\n###### **DEATHS ALONG ROUTES TO AND** **THROUGH EUROPE**\n\nSo far in 2019, some 1,041 people are believed to\nhave died or gone missing in the Mediterranean Sea\non their way to Europe \u2013 a 43% decrease compared\nto the same period in 2018 **.** [18] The route from Libya to\nEurope remains the deadliest with 63% of the deaths\nat sea so far this year occurring there. A further 315\npeople are believed to have died at sea between\nNorth Africa and Spain and 66 people died during\nthe short sea journey between Turkey and Greece or\nCyprus. Some 68 deaths have been recorded as refugees\nand migrants tried to cross land borders into Europe\nor crossed borders within Europe. Of these, 35 people\nhave died so far this year crossing from Turkey to\nGreece by land, including 18 deaths in vehicle accidents\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## REFUGEE CHILDREN ON THE MOVE AND IN EUROPE\n\n\n\nSo far this year, over 28% of those arriving in Europe\nvia the Mediterranean routes were children, a slightly\nhigher proportion than last year. Many of them have\ntravelled without other family members. Children face\nmultiple risks, including violence, abuse, and exploitation along the way to Europe and then continue to\nface hardships once in Europe. The movement of\nunaccompanied and separated children [19] to Europe is\nnot new but current conditions are such that urgent\nmeasures are needed to address serious gaps in their\nprotection. This part of the report focuses on the\njourneys to Europe by children, particularly unaccompanied and separated children, and the challenges\nthey face in accessing help when they arrive. It also\noutlines the steps that need to be taken to ensure\nchildren are better protected upon arrival. In particular, those in need of international protection\nmust be identified and assisted, while unaccompanied and separated children without international\nprotection needs must also have their best interests\ndetermined. [20]\n\n\n10 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n###### **NUMBERS OF CHILDREN ARRIVING** **IN EUROPE IN 2019**\n\nIn Greece, more than 12,900 children have arrived by\nsea so far this year, including nearly 2,100 unaccompanied or separated children. The majority of children\ncame from Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq, countries\ncharacterised by conflict, violence and human rights\nviolations. As of 30 September, 8,300 children, of\nwhom 1,600 were unaccompanied or separated, were\nhoused in overcrowded reception centres on the\nGreek Aegean islands. Due to a shortage of appropriate accommodation, unaccompanied children in\nparticular are often kept in overcrowded and unsafe\nconditions for months, while waiting to be transferred\nto appropriate shelter conditions with some resorting\nto negative coping strategies. UNHCR has repeatedly\nexpressed concerns about the situation of unaccompanied and separated children in reception centres\non the islands and has urged the Greek Government\nto take immediate measures to transfer the children\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_My brother and I had to leave Afghanistan because we_\n_received threats. Some members of my family were even_\n_killed. It took us one month to reach Greece. The bad_\n_memories from this journey still haunt me. We saw people_\n_dying in front of our eyes \u2013 either because they got injured_\n_or because of exhaustion. I still remember everything_\n_very vividly. I will never forget. During the day, we stayed_\n_hidden in the woods, without any food or water, and_\n_during the night we walked along unknown roads. We met_\n_bandits along the way; they would ask about our religion_\n_and our destination and then they would take things from_\n_our bags and pockets. Whoever resisted was beaten._\n_They also had guns._\n\n\n_We were put on a truck, we were 40 people. We crossed_\n_through many cities and then we were asked to hide in_\n_a small car along with eleven more people: three persons_\n_at the front, seven at the back while my brother and I,_\n_along with one more person, hid in the trunk. We had to_\n_stay there for 7-8 hours, while the car was on the move._\n_We didn\u2019t have anything to eat or drink._\n\n\n_Then we had to board another truck; we had no idea_\n_where we were going. Whoever rose his head to look_\n_outside, would be beaten with a stick. After one hour and_\n_a half, the truck stopped, we split into three groups and_\n_we continued on foot. We followed a path between two_\n_big mountains, no one was guiding us. After a while, we_\n_reached a barbed-wired area. We continued to walk and_\n_this is when we heard gunshots. Everybody started to run,_\n_a person was shot and fell on the ground, just next to me!_\n_Only five of us managed to escape and after four long_\n_hours of walking, we reached a shelter where another 100_\n_persons, squeezed shoulder-to-shoulder, would sleep inside._\n\n\n_A few days afterward we reached Turkey. We stayed there_\n_for a week and then we reached the shore and went inside_\n_an inflatable boat. The sea journey was very difficult._\n_The water was dark and deep and we did not know how_\n_to swim. We had no life jackets, no belongings with us;_\n_a journey full of risks. We were told that we would be on_\n_the boat just for one hour but the journey lasted six hours._\n_Nothing was easy, the boat engine did not work. But we_\n_had no choice. We did not control the boat any more,_\n_the sea had taken full control. At some point, large waves_\n_started to hit the boat. We were 36 people on the dinghy_\n_and we all trembled with fear. We tried to send a rescue_\n_signal, we did not want to die. Amidst the havoc, we saw_\n_a large vessel approaching and only then we realized that we_\n_would be saved. If the vessel had arrived half an hour later,_\n_the boat would have sunk._\n\n\n_I cannot stop thinking about those who did not even have_\n_the chance to embark on such a journey, hoping to save_\n_their life. But I also think about us, how desperate we felt_\n_when we thought that we would never make it._\n\n\n_J, 17, from Afghanistan, disembarked in Greece._\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied boys sit in their container in\nMoria reception centre on Lesvos.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to a safe place and to end overcrowding. [21 ] In light of\nthe high number of unaccompanied children and the\nlimited hosting and care capacity, UNHCR continues to\nadvocate for the relocation of unaccompanied children from Greece to other European countries.\n\n\nIn the central Mediterranean, with fewer people\ncrossing the sea from Libya in recent months, the\nnumber of children arriving has decreased although it\nstill constitutes around 24% of arrivals to Europe from\nLibya, slightly higher than in previous years. So far this\nyear, some 1,000 children (many of them from Sudan)\nhave arrived by sea in Italy and Malta from Libya while\na further 682 have been disembarked and subsequently\ndetained in Libya after being intercepted or rescued,\nmostly by the Libyan Coast Guard. As of August, some\n1,600 (93% unaccompanied and separated) refugee\nand asylum-seeking children were being held in the\ndetention centres in Libya to which UNHCR had\naccess, in dire conditions. [22 ] UNHCR continues to\nadvocate that children should not be detained for\nimmigration-related purposes as detention is never in\ntheir best interest. [23] Between November 2017 and the\nend of September 2019, [24] UNHCR was able to evacuate\nsome 760 unaccompanied and separated children from\nLibya, most to Niger, some to Rwanda, and including\nover 150 to Italy. Most have since been resettled,\nmainly to the United States, Sweden and the UK, after\nit was determined that this solution was in their best\ninterest.\n\n\nIn Spain, around 2,500 children have arrived this year,\nmany of them unaccompanied and seperated, [25 ]\n\noriginating from Morocco, Guinea and Mali. According\nto UNICEF, a lack of basic rights in their countries of\norigin are among the reasons for children leaving home\nand taking this route, in the hope of joining relatives\nalready in Europe; accessing the Spanish education\nsystem; or to escape difficult family situations. [26]\n\n###### **RISKS DURING THE JOURNEY**\n\n\nJust like adults, children face terrifying journeys to\nreach Europe. Many have died during these journeys,\nincluding at least 65 who died in 2018 while trying to\ncross to Greece by land [27] and sea [28] from Turkey. More\nthan 200 others are likely to have been among those\ndrowned while trying to cross the sea from North\nAfrica last year. [29 ] Of those who reach Europe, many\nhave been away from home for many months. Some\nhave survived desert crossings, detention, and torture\nin Libya, in addition to the perilous sea journey. A re\n\n12 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n\nport released in March 2019 by the Women\u2019s Refugee\nCommission revealed that many boys and girls who\ncrossed the sea from Libya were exposed to sexual\nviolence or exploitation on their way to and in Libya,\nand even upon arrival in Europe. [30]\n\n###### **RECEPTION AND ACCOMMODATION**\n\nAcross Europe, newly-arrived unaccompanied and\nseparated children tend to be hosted in large accommodation centres. There is often minimal oversight\nand individual support, even though many experts and\npractitioners have pointed out that this can result in\nabuse (including sexual abuse), violence, and severe\npsychological distress, and contribute to children\nmoving onwards or disappearing. [31] UNHCR encourages States to reduce reliance on large shelters and\ninstead work towards providing increased small group\nresidential or family-based care.\n\n\nThe situation on the Greek islands for children remains\none of the most concerning. On Samos, severe overcrowding means children have to take turns sleeping\nin the limited space provided to them. Security concerns are such that girls are escorted by the police to\nbathrooms, while a number of children have nowhere\nto stay apart from makeshift shelters outside the\nformal reception centre, where they often remain for\nseveral months with no access to basic services or\nsecurity. [32]\n\n\nThere are positive examples of best practice care\nmodels being piloted and underway in Greece, including\nthe supported independent living approach for older\nunaccompanied children, as well as community-based\nfoster care. Yet care places available far from meet the\ncare needs and as of the end of September, age-appropriate accommodation was only available for 26%\nof the almost 4,600 unaccompanied and separated\nchildren in the country, exposing the rest to risks including sexual violence [33] and homelessness. [34]\n\n\nIn Malta, where some 440 unaccompanied and separated children have arrived from Libya so far this year,\nunaccompanied and separated children continue to\nshare overcrowded accommodation with unrelated\nadults in detention-like conditions. In Cyprus, where\nsome 300 unaccompanied and separated children\nhave applied for asylum this year, children often have\nto sleep on makeshift or camp beds in common areas\nof reception centres due to overcrowding. Similarly,\nchildren arriving in the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and\nMelilla face long stays in overcrowded facilities with\nUNICEF reporting up to three children sharing each\nmattress in one centre. [35 ] In Hungary, asylum-seekers\nare detained in two \u2018transit zones\u2019 at the border for\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the full duration of the asylum procedure, including\nfamilies with children who do not have access to formal education.\n\n\nInadequate care arrangements and the lack of services\nand support can exacerbate the psychological impact\nof trauma children may have experienced before arriving in Europe. Yet, the provision of such care for unaccompanied and separated children remains a challenge\nin many countries in Europe. There are, however, good\nexamples of family-based or foster care such as in\nIreland, [36] the Netherlands [37] and UK. [38]\n\n###### **AGE ASSESSMENTS**\n\n\nAmong the many challenges children may face once in\nEurope is actually being recognised as a child. Across\nthe region, unreliable and inconsistent age assessment\nprocedures are used, resulting in a number of children\nbeing considered to be adults and therefore unable\nto access national child protection systems and other\nimportant services.\n\n\nIt is widely accepted that procedures to assess a\nperson\u2019s age should be holistic and multi-disciplinary\nand that scientific methods can only provide an estimate. [39] However, across Europe, few countries apply\na holistic approach, with age assessment procedures\nvarying significantly both within countries and across\nthe region. [40] For example, in Spain, age assessment\nprocedures differ by region. In the south, where most\narrive by sea, a wrist X-ray, which has a margin of\nerror of up to four years, is generally used without the\ninvolvement of other experts such as social workers\nor psychologists, even when children provide valid\nidentity documents. In some regions, children are even\nexamined to check the development of their sexual\norgans. [41] In Italy too, the use of wrist X-rays remains\ncommon in cases where an age assessment is still\nrequired, while the use of a multi-disciplinary approach\nis more limited. Similarly, in the Evros region of Greece\nalong the land border with Turkey, children are usually\nreferred for wrist X-rays without the necessary medical\nand psychological assessment prescribed by Greek\nlaw, a situation that also happens on the islands.\nThose wrongly identified as adults risk being placed in\naccommodation facilities with adults and are unable to\naccess the mechanisms designed to protect children,\nincluding social work support. [42] When children move\nonwards to other EU countries, incorrect registration as\nan adult in the country where they first arrived can make\nit very difficult for them to receive support later on. [43]\n\n\n###### **APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIANS AND** **SOCIAL WORKERS**\n\nIndividualised support for unaccompanied and separated children through the timely appointment of\ntrained guardians or social workers is particularly\nimportant to help ensure that children\u2019s best interests\nare considered. However, across Europe, guardians\nand social workers are often overstretched, at times\nbeing responsible for up to 75 children. In countries\nwhere institutions designated by the government bear\nresponsibility for guardianship, there may be a delay in\nassigning an individual guardian to each child. For example, in Spain, children often remain indefinitely under\nthe supervision of public protection entities without an\nindividually assigned guardian. In Austria, guardians are\nusually only appointed once children have completed\nadmissibility procedures, which may take several weeks\nor months.\n\n\nIn Serbia, where guardians were previously responsible\nfor up to 200 children each, UNHCR, national authorities and Belgrade municipal authorities, and the NGO\nIDEAS have piloted a guardianship system that has set\nup a pool of trained and well-supervised guardians.\nThese guardians are in daily contact with the children,\nhelping to coordinate access to services and providing\ninformation. As of the end of September, the project\nprovided guardians for 995 unaccompanied and separated children this year. In Greece, UNHCR is working\nwith the Greek authorities and the NGO Metadrasi to\npilot the implementation of the new Guardianship Law\nand to provide 2,000 of the nearly 4,600 unaccompanied\nand separated children in the country with guardians.\n\n###### **ACCESS TO INFORMATION, INCLUDING** **ON ASYLUM PROCEDURES**\n\n\nChildren need from the outset to be given information\nabout asylum procedures and the support services\navailable in a language and manner which they\nunderstand. The information provided should enable\nchildren to make an informed decision about whether\nthey wish to apply for asylum. In some countries such\nas Spain and the UK, [44] children are granted automatic\nresidency based on their age, but may not always be\noffered sufficient information or the opportunity to\napply for asylum as a result. In a recent joint study by\nUNHCR and Autorit\u00e0 garante per l\u2019infanzia e l\u2019adolescenza of more than 200 unaccompanied and separated children in Italy, 80% asked for more information\nabout how to request international protection, [45]\nwhile in a previous study, Eritrean children who had\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_I was 13 when I left Somalia (in February 2017). From_\n_Somalia, I escaped by car to Ethiopia. I was with a friend._\n_We did not have any money but someone took us._\n_We arrived in a place in Ethiopia. It was very scary and_\n_dangerous there and then we were kidnapped, it was like_\n_trafficking. We did not have a choice. They made us cross_\n_to Sudan on foot. From there, we were taken in a truck to_\n_somewhere in Kufra, Libya. We could not see where we_\n_were going during the journey._\n\n\n_When we arrived in Libya, we were put underground in_\n_a sort of big place with many other people. The worst part_\n_was the first three days. They ask us for money from our_\n_families all the time and when we say we cannot, there is_\n_violence like beatings, rape\u2026 If we fight, they tell us they_\n_will hurt us more. We spent eight months there\u2026 After_\n_this, they took us to Bani Walid._\n\n\n_There [Bani Walid] is a very bad place. No hygiene, lack of_\n_freedom, lack of food. They only gave us food once a day,_\n_just boiled pasta with no sauce. Every day the same food._\n_If people were sick, they had no medicine. It was a very,_\n_very bad situation\u2026 And in a few days when we got badly_\n_dehydrated, they asked us to pay $6,000 per person to_\n_be free. I was shocked. It is a lot of money and not easy_\n_to find._\n\n\n_Then they started violating us. Beating us and punishing_\n_all of us a lot. They knew that we had no money and that_\n_we were still young children, and cannot offer that money._\n_And some of us called our families, but our families could_\n_not give that money._\n\n\n_We spent nine more months in this place, we did not_\n_pay money. There were some people who paid $2,000,_\n_$3,000 something like that. That was what they asked_\n_us for. But then me and my friend, after nine months, we_\n_were transferred to another detention centre in Tripoli._\n\n\n_In Tripoli, because they let us outside, I tried to find some_\n_help and we found some people, and they took us to the_\n_UNHCR office. My friend was very sick at this time so he_\n_went there, and they examined him and they found out_\n_that he had tuberculosis. They kept him there in a place_\n_where they were treating people. But I left to try find_\n_a way to leave from Libya, to find a boat._\n\n\n_I was in Zawiya. Then I boarded a boat. It was 2,000_\n_Dinar, and since I did not have the money, some other_\n_Somali people paid for me._\n\n\n_We spent one night on the sea. We did not see other_\n_boats. But then an NGO boat came and rescued us._\n\n\n_Now that I am in Europe, I want to study to be a doctor._\n_I want to get a good job._\n\n\n_A, 15, from Somalia, disembarked in Europe._ People rescued by the NGOs Sea Watch and\nSea Eye disembark in Malta in January 2019.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "left accommodation centres in Italy reported that\nlimited access to information on legal procedures was\namongst the primary reasons for leaving. [46] In several countries, such as Belgium, [47] Ireland, and Spain,\nUNHCR and partners have developed child-friendly\nmaterials to make important information more accessible to children.\n\n###### **ACCESS TO EDUCATION**\n\nOnce in Europe, refugee and migrant children are supposed to have access to basic education in accordance\nwith international and regional human rights law. [48]\n\nIn practice, legal or administrative barriers mean many\nare unable to access schooling. These include the lack\nof clear provisions regarding compulsory education\nfor children in reception centres or those without\nresidence permits; administrative requirements such\nas inflexible registration deadlines; limited places\navailable in schools; and the lack of additional language support. [49] For example, the 4,200 school-aged\nchildren living in Moria on the Greek island of Lesvos\nas of the end of September this year had no access to\n\n\n\nformal education. A factsheet prepared by UNHCR,\nUNICEF and IOM notes that the highest proportion of\nchildren and youth born outside of the EU+ region [50]\nwho were not in employment, education or training\nin 2017 were living in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Spain\nand France. [51] In Serbia, refugee and migrant children\nenrolled into primary and secondary schools for the\nthird consecutive school year with 176 enrolled as of\nSeptember 2019.\n\n\nTurkey is currently host to the largest number of\nrefugees in the world, and the Turkish Ministry of\nNational Education has continued to promote the inclusion of Syrians with temporary protection status in\nthe national education system. As of September 2019,\n63% of school-age Syrian refugees were enrolled in\nschools. [52] Challenges persist, particularly at the\nsecondary school level, and for those who have been\nout of school for many years. The provision of Turkish\nlanguage classes, conditional cash transfers for education, outreach and information dissemination and\naccelerated learning, have all contributed to increased\nenrolment.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **REUNIFICATION WITH FAMILIES** **AND ONWARD MOVEMENT**\n\nFollowing arrival in Europe, some children may be eligible\nunder EU rules to join family members in other EU\ncountries. For others, solutions may lie outside of\nEurope. But when these procedures are too lengthy or\naccess to information about the process is not clear, [53]\nsome children decide to travel on their own, regardless\nof the risks. For example, a report by Praksis and Safe\nPassage this year indicated that the average length of\nprocedures under the Dublin Regulation for refugee\nchildren from Greece to reunite with their family members in other EU countries was around 16 months. [54]\nSimilarly, difficulties in accessing services including education, limited opportunities to work, [55] and the possible\nloss of support when they turn 18, [56] can also contribute\nto children and youth deciding to travel onwards to other\ncountries.\n\n\nWhile most unaccompanied and separated children\narrived in Spain, Greece and Italy last year, the majority of those who applied for asylum did so in Germany\n(20%), Italy (19%), UK (14%), Greece (13%), and the\nNetherlands (6%), [57] demonstrating the extent to which\nsome children are moving onwards. For example,\namongst the top five nationalities of unaccompanied\nand separated children seeking asylum in Europe in 2018,\nEritreans (who mostly arrive in Italy) primarily applied in\nthe UK, Netherlands, and Italy; Syrians (who mostly arrive\nin Greece) primarily applied in Germany, Greece and the\nNetherlands; and Guineans (who mostly arrive in Spain and\nItaly) primarily applied in Germany, Belgium and Italy. [58 ] In\nFrance, as of the end of September, over 13,170 unaccompanied and separated children have been included under\nthe child protection system [59] and many are reported to\nhave entered France via Spain. [60]\n\n\nSuch onward movements can expose children to further\nrisks, including abuses by smugglers and traffickers, and\nbeing sexually exploited. [61 ] As many countries in Europe\n\n\n16 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n\nhave introduced stricter border controls, risks have\nincreased. Since 2015, at least 34 children are known to\nhave died while trying to move onwards after arriving in\nEurope. Some children have drowned attempting to cross\nrivers or died while trying to hide on trucks, cars or trains\nto cross borders undetected. Children have also consistently been among those pushed back at many borders\nacross Europe. For example, UNHCR in Serbia received\nreports that some 960 children, three quarters of them unaccompanied and separated, had been pushed back from\nneighbouring countries this year up to the end of September. Many reported having been subjected to violence. [62]\n\n\nSeveral countries in Western Europe have also reported\nhigh numbers of children leaving reception centres, most\nlikely to travel onwards to other countries. In Belgium, an\nincreasing number of unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, among them many Eritreans, disappear following their initial referral to authorities. Reasons reported\nby UNHCR officers in Western Europe for children\nmoving onwards based on testimonies from children\ninclude lack of sufficient information and interpreters,\nand the fear of not being correctly identified as children\nfollowing age assessment procedures.\n\n###### **CONCLUSION**\n\n\nThe movement of unaccompanied and separated children\nto Europe is not a new trend but is one that is likely to\ncontinue given the diverse and complex reasons why children make these journeys. While there have been many\npositive steps across Europe towards improving protection, as demonstrated in this report, far more needs to\nbe done to urgently address some very worrying situations that children are currently facing once they arrive\nin the region. By taking the steps outlined in this report,\nStates will be able to increase the protection immediately\navailable to children once they arrive in Europe and help\ndetermine how best their best interests can be met.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n\nUNHCR calls on European States to urgently take the\nfollowing steps:\n\n\n**Protection of Children in Europe**\n\n\n - Immediately address the severe overcrowding in\nreception centres where unaccompanied and separated children are placed upon arrival in Europe;\n\n\n - End the use of immigration detention for children;\n\n\n - Provide age-appropriate accommodation arrangements for unaccompanied and separated children,\nreducing reliance on large shelters with a preference\nfor small group residential or family-based care;\n\n\n - Make use of holistic and multi-disciplinary methods\nwhen age assessments are required;\n\n\n - Provide accessible information in a language and\nmanner which children understand so that they\nare better informed about procedures and services,\nincluding asylum procedures, and family reunion/\nreunification processes;\n\n - Appoint trained guardians and/or social workers\nto provide individualised support to unaccompanied\nand separated children as soon as possible to help\nprotect children\u2019s best interests and well-being;\n\n - Remove legal and practical barriers to refugee and\nmigrant children accessing education, including by\nproviding clear provisions regarding compulsory\neducation for children in reception centres or\nwithout residence permits; ensuring flexible\nregistration deadlines; and facilitating the provision\nof additional language support; and\n\n - Speed up transfers for children eligible to join\nfamily members elsewhere in the EU, including\nby simplifying the process, as well as through the\nuse of discretionary powers under the Dublin\nRegulation.\n\n\n**Rescue at Sea, Disembarkation, and**\n**Detention in Libya**\n\n\n - Redeploy search and rescue naval vessels to\ninternational waters off the coast of Libya as in\nthe past, and with a clear commitment for persons\nrescued to be disembarked in safe ports;\n\n\n - Urgently establish a coordinated and predictable\nregional mechanism to strengthen rescue at sea,\n\n\n\nespecially with regard to timely disembarkations\nat a safe port and subsequent processing, including relocations as well as access to adequate,\nsafe, and dignified reception conditions;\n\n\n - End restrictions and criminalization of NGOs\ninvolved in search and rescue operations and\nstrengthen cooperation to ensure that available\nsearch and rescue capacity is fully utilized; and\n\n\n - Urge the Libyan authorities to free the refugees\nand migrants who are arbitrarily detained in\ndetention centres across Libya in an orderly manner and to cease detention of those disembarked\nin Libya after being rescued or intercepted at sea;\n\n\n**Access to Territory and Asylum Procedures**\n\n - End push-back practices at borders of people\nseeking international protection, including children;\n\n - Train border officials in protection-sensitive border\nprocedures to identify and assist people seeking\ninternational protection or with other humanitarian needs, including unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, at borders;\n\n - Make use of accelerated and simplified asylum\nprocedures to address mixed movements in order\nto quickly determine who is in need of international\nprotection and requires and who is not and thus\ncan be channelled into return procedures;\n\n\n**Access to Safe and Legal Pathways**\n**to Europe**\n\n - Expand humanitarian evacuation programmes for\nvulnerable asylum-seekers and refugees;\n\n - Remove legal and practical obstacles to make\nfamily reunification accessible for those who are\neligible; and\n\n - Introduce additional complementary pathways\nincluding community sponsorship programmes\nbased on similar initiatives in the region.\n\nUNHCR also recommends supporting efforts to\nstrengthen protection space in regions of origin and\ncountries along key migration routes so that people are\nnot compelled to move in search of protection.\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 Arrivals via Mediterranean Routes include arrivals by land to Greece, as well as Spain land arrivals.\n\n2 There is no obligation for asylum-seekers to seek asylum at the first effective opportunity, but at the same time there is no unfettered right to choose one\u2019s country\nof asylum.\n\n3 As of 31 August, almost 1,300 people had pending asylum applications in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia and Kosovo\n(S/RES/1244 (1999)). In the same period, 105 people had been granted international protection within the region.\n\n4 Since the start of the year, as of the end of September, UNHCR and partners in Serbia received reports amounting to 384 incidents involving 2,674 people who alleged they\nwere pushed back from Croatia this year. In the same period, UNHCR and partners in Bosnia and Herzegovina received reports amounting to 289 incidents involving 2,194\npeople who alleged they were pushed back from Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina. UNHCR continues to raise with Croatian authorities the need to grant access to asylum\nprocedures for those requesting international protection, along with the need to investigate allegations of push-backs. See also BBC, _\u2018Beaten and robbed\u2019: How Croatia is policing_\n_its borders_, 29 July 2019, htps://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-49132735/beaten-and-robbed-how-croata-is-policing-its-borders; Human Rights Watch, _Croatia:_\n_Migrants Pushed Back to Bosnia and Herzegovina_, 11 December 2018, htps://www.hrw.org/news/2018/12/11/croata-migrants-pushed-back-bosnia-and-herzegovina; TRT\nWorld, _Croatia\u2019s Illegal Migrant Pushbacks_, 26 July 2019, htps://www.trtworld.com/video/the-newsmakers/croatas-illegal-migrant-pushbacks/5d3aa60ab9fa6764a9a5a7b4;\nAmnesty International, _Pushed to the Edge,_ 7 March 2019, htps://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/EUR0599642019ENGLISH.PDF.\n\n5 Between January and September 2019, UNHCR also received reports amounting to 280 incidents involving 1,995 people who alleged they were pushed back from\nHungary; and 105 incidents involving 715 people who alleged they were pushed back from Romania. See also Cabinet Office of the Prime Minister _, Pressure of migration_\n_has also intensified on Hungarian border,_ 11 September 2019, htps://www.kormany.hu/en/cabinet-ofce-of-the-prime-minister/news/pressure-of-migraton-has-also-intensifed-on-hungarian-border.\n\n6 See also UNHCR, _UNHCR urges Greece to address overcrowded reception centres on Aegean islands,_ 31 August 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/briefng/2018/8/5b88f5c34/unhcr-urges-greece-address-overcrowded-recepton-centres-aegean-islands.html; UNHCR, _Refugee women and children face heightened risk of sexual violence_\n_amid tensions and overcrowding at recepton facilites on Greek islands_, 9 February 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/briefng/2018/2/5a7d67c4b/refugee-women-children-face-heightened-risk-sexual-violence-amid-tensions.html#targetText=In%202017%2C%20UNHCR%20received%20reports,SGBV%20afer%20arriving%20in%20\nGreece.; UNHCR, _UNHCR urges Greece to accelerate emergency measures to address conditons on Samos and Lesvos,_ 6 November 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/\nbriefng/2018/11/5be15c454/unhcr-urges-greece-accelerate-emergency-measures-address-conditons-samos.html.\n\n7 For example, as of September 2019, there were only two State doctors available to serve the 12,000 people in the Moria Reception and Identification Centre. Local\nhospitals too face considerable pressure due to limited resources. Furthermore, as a result of a recent administrative instruction, refugees and asylum-seekers with\nchronic conditions including cancer and kidney conditions no longer have free access to treatment.\n\n8 See also UN Committee against Torture, _Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Greece_, 3 September 2019, htps://bit.ly/33mJYpV. _UNHCR_\n_Greece Representative intervention in Greek Ombudsman\u2019s Conference_, 26 November 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/gr/en/10919-unhcr-greece-representatve-interventon-in-greek-ombudsmans-conference.html; UNHCR, UNHCR deeply concerned at reports of informal forced returns from Greece to Turkey, 8 June 2017, htps://\nwww.unhcr.org/gr/en/6244-unhcr-deeply-concerned-reports-informal-forced-returns-greece-turkey.html.\n\n9 Concerns about push-backs at the Greece-Turkey land border were also raised last year by the Council of Europe\u2019s Commissioner for Human Rights as well as the\nCouncil for the Prevention of Torture \u2013 see Commissioner for Human Rights, _Report of the Commissioner for Human Rights Dunja Mijatovi\u0107 following her visit to Greece from_\n_25 to 29 June 2018_, 6 November 2018, htps://rm.coe.int/report-on-the-visit-to-greece-from-25-to-29-june-2018-by-dunja-mijatov/16808ea5bd; Council of Europe,\n_Preliminary observations made by the delegaton of the European Commitee for the Preventon of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) which visit-_\n_ed Greece from 10 to 19 April 2018_, 1 November 2018, htps://rm.coe.int/16808afaf6. See also UN Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the seventh\nperiodic report of Greece, 3 September 2019.\n\n10 The 15 priority countries are Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, and Tunisia,\nsee UNHCR, _Central Mediterranean situation: UNHCR calls for an additional 40,000 resettlement places_, 11 September 2017, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/9/\n59b6a5134/central-mediterranean-situaton-unhcr-calls-additonal-40000-resetlement.html. Between January and August 2019, 3,497 refugees were resetled from\nthese countries to Europe compared to 2,003 in the same period in 2018.\n\n11 As of 30 September, 393 asylum-seekers had been evacuated to Italy from Libya in 2019 compared to 253 in all of 2018.\n\n12 In 2018, naval vessels participating in Operation Sophia rescued over 2,300 people between January and July. No rescues were conducted in the same period in\n2019. See Council of the European Union, _EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia: mandate extended until 30 September 2019_, 29 March 2019, htps://www.consilium.\neuropa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/03/29/eunavfor-med-operaton-sophia-mandate-extended-untl-30-september-2019/.\n\n13 This includes the decree passed in Italy in June that included fines for NGOs involved in search and rescue, see UNHCR, _UNHCR urges Italy to reconsider proposed_\n_decree affecting rescue at sea in the Central Mediterranean,_ 12 June 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2019/6/5d0124a74/unhcr-urges-italy-reconsider-proposed-decree-afectng-rescue-sea-central.html?query=Italy%20decree%20NGOs; UNHCR, _UNHCR concerned at new measures impactng rescue at sea in the Central_\n_Mediterranean_, 6 August 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/briefng/2019/8/5d49370e4/unhcr-concerned-new-measures-impactng-rescue-sea-central-mediterranean.html.\n\n14 UNHCR, _UNHCR Position on Returns to Libya - Update II,_ September 2018, htps://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d02314.html.\n\n15 UNHCR, _UNHCR and IOM joint statement: International approach to refugees and migrants in Libya must change,_ 11 July 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/\npress/2019/7/5d2765d04/unhcr-iom-joint-statement-internatonal-approach-refugees-migrants-libya.html\n\n16 See UNHCR, _IOM, UNHCR appeal for region-wide action by EU countries over Mediterranean tragedies_, 27 June 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/news/\npress/2018/6/5b33d8bf4/iom-unhcr-appeal-region-wide-acton-eu-countries-mediterranean-tragedies.html; UNHCR and IOM, _Proposal for a regional cooperative_\n_arrangement ensuring predictable disembarkaton and subsequent processing of persons rescued-at-sea,_ 27 June 2018, htps://www.unhcr.org/5b35e60f4.\n\n17 El Pais, _Spain will give Morocco \u20ac30 million to curb irregular immigration_, 19 July 2019, htps://elpais.com/elpais/2019/07/19/inenglish/1563521682_999175.html.\n\n18 UNHCR, Europe: _Dead and missing at sea_, September 2019, htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/71604.\n\n19 \u2018Unaccompanied children\u2019 refers to children separated from both parents and other relatives and who are not being cared for by any other adult who, by law or custom,\nis responsible for doing so. \u2018Separated children\u2019 refers to children separated from both parents or primary care-givers, but not necessarily from other relatives. These\nchildren may be accompanied by other adult family members. See ICRC, IRC, Save the Children, UNICEF, UNHCR, and World Vision, _Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on_\n_Unaccompanied and Separated Children,_ January 2004, htps://www.unhcr.org/protecton/children/4098b3172/inter-agency-guiding-principles-unaccompanied-separated-children.html.\n\n20 As provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.\n\n21 UNHCR, UNHCR shocked at death of Afghan boy on Lesvos; urges transfer of unaccompanied children to safe shelters, 25 August 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/gr/\nen/12705-unhcr-shocked-at-death-of-afghan-boy-on-lesvos-urges-transfer-of-unaccompanied-children-to-safe-shelters.html.\n\n22 Detention centres in Libya have been described as \u201cgenerally inhuman\u201d by OHCHR and UNSMIL including due to severe overcrowding, insufficient access to washing\nfacilities and toilets, and malnutrition, see UNSMIL and OHCHR, _Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights situation of migrants and refugees in Libya,_ 20 December 2018, htps://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/LibyaMigratonReport.pdf; In June 2019, OHCHR noted the ghastly conditions in Zintan detention centre and\nthe meagre amounts of food supplied once a day to detainees that included over 100 Eritrean children, see OHCHR, _Press briefing note on Libya,_ 7 June 2019, htps://www.\nohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24681&LangID=E. Six children were also amongst the victims of the bombing of Tajoura detenton centre\nin July, see UN News, _Six children among 53 confrmed fatalites afer Libya detenton centre airstrikes: Security Council condemns attack,_ 5 July 2019, htps://news.un.org/en/\nstory/2019/07/1041911.\n\n23 UNHCR, _UNHCR\u2019s position regarding the detention of refugee and migrant children in the migration context,_ January 2017, htps://www.unhcr.org/protecton/detenton/58a458eb4/unhcrs-positon-regarding-detenton-refugee-migrant-children-migraton.html.\n\n24 UNHCR, _Libya-Niger: Resettlement update #76,_ 27 August 2019, htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/71052.\n\n25 At the time of publication, official data was only available for January to June 2019, therefore this figure includes UNHCR estimates for the period since then. An estimated 68% of children were unaccompanied or separated.\n\n26 UNICEF, _Los derechosde los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as migrantes no acompa\u00f1ados en la frontera sur Espa\u00f1ola,_ February 2019, htps://www.unicef.es/sites/unicef.es/fles/recursos/in\n\n18 **DESPERATE JOURNEYS**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data", - "confidence": 0.936461329460144, - "start": 1706, - "end": 1708 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9826875329017639, - "start": 1667, - "end": 1668 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9414350390434265, - "start": 1679, - "end": 1680 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "forme-ninos-migrantes-no-acompanados.pdf.\n\n27 At least 16 children were known to have died while trying to cross from Turkey to Greece by land in 2018, of which 11 drowned in the Evros River.\n\n28 IOM, _Fatal journeys volume 4: Missing migrant children,_ 28 June 2019, htps://publicatons.iom.int/system/fles/pdf/fatal_journeys_4.pdf.\n\n29 Deaths at sea in the Central and Western Mediterranean are usually not disaggregated by age and gender. The figure of 200 is perhaps a conservative estimate as 18%\nof sea arrivals in Italy were children along with 11% in Spain. Some 1,279 people were known to have drowned in the Central Mediterranean in 2018 along with 811 in the\nWestern Mediterranean.\n\n30 Womens Refugee Commission, _\u201cMore than one million pains\u201d,_ March 2019, htps://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/gbv/resources/1689-more-than-one-millionpains-sexual-violence-against-men-and-boys-on-the-central-mediterranean-route-to-italy.\n\n31 UNHCR, UNICEF and IRC, _The Way Forward,_ July 2017, htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/58434#_ga=2.89202590.407342579.15634309321558205287.1548575017.\n\n32 Although IOM has established safe areas in the Reception and Identification Centres on Lesvos and Chios with space for around 135 people, there is not enough space\nfor all the children and others who need to be placed there. For example, in July there were over 660 unaccompanied children on the islands.\n\n33 See for example IFRC, _Alone and unsafe,_ 12 May 2018, htps://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/12/181126-AloneUnsafe-Report-EN-web.pdf.\n\n34 UNHCR, _Greece: Fact Sheet \u2013 June 2019,_ July 2019, htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/70447.\n\n35 UNICEF, _The rights of unaccompanied and separated children at Spain\u2019s southern border,_ February 2019, htps://www.unicef.es/sites/unicef.es/fles/recursos/Spanish-Assessment-Southern-Border2019-ExecutveSummary.pdf.\n\n36 Tusla, _Separated children seeking asylum_, no date, htps://www.tusla.ie/services/alternatve-care/separated-children/.\n\n37 UNHCR, _In de eerste plaats een kind,_ April 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/nl/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR-Children-First-2019-screen.pdf.\n\n38 UNHCR, _\u201cA refugee and then\u2026\u201d,_ June 2019, htps://www.unhcr.org/uk/5d271c6a4.\n\n39 UNHCR, _UNHCR observations on the use of age assessments in the identification of separated or unaccompanied children seeking asylum,_ 1 June 2015, htps://www.\nrefworld.org/pdfd/55759d2d4.pdf; EASO, _Practical Guide on age assessment: second edition_, 2018, htps://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/fles/easo-practcal-guide-on-age-assesment-v3-2018.pdf.\n\n40 Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, _Child-friendly age assessment for unaccompanied migrant children,_ 2017, htps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/20170920-Rapport%20Fiala-EN.pdf.\n\n41 UNICEF, _The rights of unaccompanied and separated children at Spain\u2019s southern border;_ Committee on the Rights of the Child, _Concluding observations on the combined_\n_fifth and sixth periodic reports of Spain*_, 5 March 2018, htps://bit.ly/2GN5lIF; ECRE, _The Committee on the Rights of the Child Condemns Spain\u2019s Treatment of Unaccompanied_\n_Children,_ 28 June 2019, htps://www.ecre.org/the-commitee-on-the-rights-condemns-spains-treatment-of-unaccompanied-children/.\n\n42 Age determination is also complicated by some children trying to avoid being identified as being under 18 due to a perception that being identified as an adult may\nmake it easier for them to move onwards, such as when the country they have arrived in is not their intended destination or for children arriving in Spain, to speed up\ntransfers from the overcrowded centres in the enclaves to the mainland.\n\n43 See for example NPO Radio 1, _Vluchtelingenkinderen op straat door verkeerde registratie_, 4 May 2019, htps://www.nporadio1.nl/argos/onderwerpen/499671-vluchtelingenkinderen-op-straatdoor-verkeerde-registrate; Rijksoverheid, _Antwoorden Kamervragen over vluchtelingenkinderen op straat door verkeerde registrate_, 24 June 2019, htps://\nwww.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2019/06/24/antwoorden-kamervragen-over-het-bericht-vluchtelingenkinderen-op-straat-door-verkeerde-registrate.\nReasons for children sometmes being incorrectly recorded as adults in the country in which they frst arrive in Europe can include some children claiming to be adults in\norder to not be placed in special facilities so that it will be easier to move on to other countries.\n\n44 Home Office, _Asylum Policy Instruction: Discretionary Leave,_ 18 August 2015, htps://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/atachment_data/fle/658372/discretonary-leave-v7.0ext.pdf.\n\n45 AGIA and UNHCR, _L\u2019ascolto e la partecipazione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati in Italia,_ July 2019, htp://www.integrazionemigrant.gov.it/Atualita/Notzie/\nDocuments/report-agia-unhcr-fnale.pdf; See also InfoMigrants, _Migrant minors want inclusion and orientaton programs_, 17 July 2019, htps://www.infomigrants.net/en/\npost/18208/migrant-minors-want-inclusion-and-orientaton-programs?ref=tw.\n\n46 REACH and UNICEF, Situation Overview: Unaccompanied and Separated Eritrean Children Outside of the Reception System in Rome, May 2017, htps://www.\nunicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/fles/eca-dataprod-REACH_ITA_Situaton_Overview_Eritrean_UASC_fnal_v4.pdf.\n\n47 UNHCR, _La proc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile expliqu\u00e9e aux enfants non accompagn\u00e9s au Luxembourg,_ 14 June 2019, htps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENNSBgIN5Ew.\n\n48 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Article 13), Convention on the Rights of the Child (Articles 28 and 29), revised European Social\nCharter (Article 17) and \u2013 for EU MS \u2013 to Article 14(1) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.\n\n49 IOM, UNICEF and UNHCR, _Access to Education for refugee and migrant children in Europe_, 10 September 2019, htps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71202.\n\n50 The EU+ region encompasses the 28 EU member States along with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.\n\n51 IOM, UNICEF and UNHCR, _Access to Education for refugee and migrant children in Europe_ . In some cases, children may however prefer not to enrol in education when\nthey see themselves remaining in a country only briefly as they may intend moving onwards.\n\n52 Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hayat boyu \u00f6\u011frenme genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, G\u00f6\u00e7 ve acil durum e\u011fitim daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fi, June 2019, htps://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_06/26115239_14_HAziran___2019_YNTERNET_SUNUUU_.pdf.\n\n53 UNICEF and REACH, _Situation Overview: Unaccompanied and Separated Eritrean Children Outside of the Reception System in Rome,_ May 2017, htps://www.unicef.org/\neca/sites/unicef.org.eca/fles/eca-dataprod-REACH_ITA_Situaton_Overview_Eritrean_UASC_fnal_v4.pdf; See also UNHCR, _Left in Limbo: UNHCR Study on the Implemen-_\n_taton of the Dublin III Regulaton_, August 2017, htps://www.refworld.org/docid/59d5dcb64.html.\n\n54 Praksis and Safe Passage, _Caught in the Middle,_ March 2019, htp://safepassage.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Caught-in-the-Middle-Unaccompanied-Childrenin-Greece.pdf.\n\n55 Under EU legislation, children are able to work from the age of 15 onwards, although the age limit may be higher in some countries. See European Union, _Young workers,_\nno date, htps://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/young-workers/index_en.htm#shortcut-1.\n\n56 In many countries, care arrangements for unaccompanied children end abruptly when the child turns 18. This means having to move out of their accommodation and\nguardianship ceases. See European Migration Network, _Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in the EU plus Norway,_ July 2018, htps://\nec.europa.eu/home-afairs/sites/homeafairs/fles/00_eu_synthesis_report_unaccompanied_minors_2017_en.pdf. UNHCR, UNICEF and IRC have recommended that\nguardianship should be available up to the age of 21, see UNHCR, UNICEF and IRC, _The Way Forward._ In Greece, UNHCR transfers unaccompanied children who turn 18\nto apartments that are part of its accommodation scheme while in the Czech Republic, UNHCR, its NGO partner OPU, and the Prague Municipality run a project providing\ntemporary accommodation for former unaccompanied children between the ages of 18 and 26.\n\n57 EASO, _Annual Report on the Situation of Asylum in the European Union 2018,_ June 2019, htps://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/fles/easo-annual-report-2018-web.pdf.\n\n58 Eurostat data accessed on 24 July 2019.\n\n59 Minist\u00e9re de la Justice, _Nombre de MNA confi\u00e9s par d\u00e9cisions judiciaires du 1er janvier au 6 septembre 2019,_ September 2019, htp://www.justce.gouv.fr/art_pix/Tableau_\nmna.pdf. This compares to 17,022 unaccompanied children in 2017.\n\n60 Minist\u00e9re de la Justice, _Rapport annuel d\u2019activit\u00e9_, June 2019, htp://www.justce.gouv.fr/art_pix/RAA-MMNA-2018.pdf.\n\n61 Some have been reported to rely on survival sex in order to move on, see Harvard FXB, _Emergency within an Emergency,_ April 2017, htps://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/\nwp-content/uploads/sites/114/2017/12/Emergency-Within-an-Emergency-FXB.pdf; InfoMigrants, _Save the Children denounces the \u2018invisible exploitaton\u2019 of migrant children_\n_between Italy and France,_ 10 August 2018, htps://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/11048/save-the-children-denounces-the-invisible-exploitaton-of-migrant-children-between-italy-and-france.\n\n62 See also MSF, _Children repeatedly abused by border authorities,_ 3 August 2017, htps://www.msf.org/balkans-children-repeatedly-abused-border-authorites; Save the\nChildren, _Refugees and Migrants at the Western Balkans Route: Regional Overview \u2013 January to March 2019,_ 2019, htps://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/15379/\npdf/refugees_and_migrants_balkans_regional_overview_q1_2019_sc_bmdh_data.pdf.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42f99cca-fa7f-38e3-82d9-c178b8292242/71703.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_191/raw/doc_191_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_191/raw/doc_191_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1410fbec65fd0c6706185c16de23afcf4caf1cf8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_191/raw/doc_191_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,697 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Strengthening Neonatal Mortality and** **Stillbirths Audit in Zatari and Azraq Refugee** **Camps in Jordan** **Mid-year/2019**\n\n## **Report of Neonatal Deaths and Stillbirths Audit among** **Syrian from Zatari and Azraq Refugee Camps, Jordan.** **1 [st] January\u201330 [th ] June 2019** _GHD and EMPHNET: Working together for better health_\n\nGlobal Health Development (GHD) is a regional initiative created to support countries in the\nEastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and to strengthen their health systems to respond to public\nhealth challenges and threats. GHD was initiated to advance the work of the Eastern\nMediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) by building coordinating mechanisms with\nMinistries of Health, International Organizations and other institutions to improve population\nhealth outcomes. As an implementing arm to EMPHNET, GHD aligns its strategies with national\npolicies and directions. Serving as a collaborative platform, GHD/EMPHNET is dedicated to\nserve the region by supporting national efforts to promote public health policies, strategic\nplanning, sustainable financing, resource mobilization, public health programs, and other related\nservices.\n\n\nEMPHNET - 42 Abdallah Ben Abbas Street, Shmeisani, Amman, Jordan\n\n- Tel: +962-6-5519962 - Fax: +962-6-5519963\n[www.globalhealthdev.org](http://www.globalhealthdev.org/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report of Neonatal Deaths and Stillbirths Audit", - "confidence": 0.9477941989898682, - "start": 38, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5551263689994812, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari and Azraq Refugee Camps, Jordan", - "confidence": 0.59067702293396, - "start": 52, - "end": 59 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6379595398902893, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table of Contents**\n\n\n**Background .............................................................................................................................. 4**\n\n\n**Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 5**\n\n\n**Results ....................................................................................................................................... 7**\n\n\n**Midyear data of Neonatal audits among Syrian refugees in Zaatri and Azraq camps**\n\n_Table 1: Distribution of NN death among Syrian refuges by camps and years\u2026\u2026\u2026.5_\n\n_**T**_ _able 2: Characteristics of the neonatal deaths among Syrian refugees in Zatari and_\n_Azraq camps, midyear 2019\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.9_\n_........ Table 3:Distribution of neonatal deaths among Syrian refugees by place of death in_\n_Zatari & Azraq camps (Midyear. 2019)\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202613_\n\n_Table 4: Distribution of reasons for hospital admissions of the neonates of Syrian_\n_refugees in Za\u2019atri and Azraq camps (Midyear. 2019)\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.14_\n\n_Table 5. Distribution of Maternal characteristics of Syrian refugees in Zatari and Azraq_\n_camps, midyear / 2019\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202614_\n_Table 6: Distribution of danger signs of pregnant women during their antenatal visits,_\n_midyear /2019\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..16_\n_**T**_ _able 7: Distribution of anemia among pregnant Syrian refuges women in both camps,_\n_midyear/2019 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.16_\n_Table 8. Distribution of Hb test results among Syrian refugees of NN death mothers in_\n_Zatari and Azraq camps, midyear/2019\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.17_\n_Table 9: Distribution of Syrian Neonatal deaths in both camps by place of delivery and_\n_prophylaxis given post-delivery, midyear /2019\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026.17_\n_Table 10: Distribution of immediate causes of neonatal deaths of Syrian refugees\u2019 in_\n_Zatari and Azraq camp (Midyear / 2019)\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026..18_\n\n**2**\n\n**Midyear data of Stillbirths audit among Syrian refugees in Zaatri and Azraq camps ... 17**\n\n_Overall Demographics ..................................................................................................... 17_\n_Location and Dates of Stillbirth Cases: ........................................................................... 20_\n_Maternal Characteristics: ................................................................................................ 21_\n_Fetal Characteristics: ...................................................................................................... 22_\n_Analysis of Causes and Contributing Factors ................................................................. 23_\n\n\n**Discussion: .............................................................................................................................. 24**\n\n_First Case scenario: ......................................................................................................... 24_\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Distribution of Maternal characteristics", - "confidence": 0.5792320966720581, - "start": 616, - "end": 620 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari and Azraq_\n_camps", - "confidence": 0.867109477519989, - "start": 624, - "end": 628 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "midyear / 2019", - "confidence": 0.9628358483314514, - "start": 629, - "end": 632 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8823843002319336, - "start": 621, - "end": 623 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Distribution of danger signs of pregnant women", - "confidence": 0.7560558915138245, - "start": 664, - "end": 671 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "midyear / 2019", - "confidence": 0.9343276023864746, - "start": 629, - "end": 632 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Hb test results", - "confidence": 0.7664105296134949, - "start": 778, - "end": 781 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatri and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.9048765301704407, - "start": 925, - "end": 929 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "midyear/2019", - "confidence": 0.8884474635124207, - "start": 794, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9760019779205322, - "start": 782, - "end": 784 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Midyear data of Stillbirths audit", - "confidence": 0.5064650177955627, - "start": 916, - "end": 921 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatri and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.8115777373313904, - "start": 925, - "end": 929 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "midyear/2019", - "confidence": 0.7583752870559692, - "start": 794, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9515424370765686, - "start": 782, - "end": 784 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n_Second Case Scenario: .................................................................................................... 24_\n\n\n**Conclusions:............................................................................................................................ 25**\n\n\n**Recommendations: ................................................................................................................. 26**\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Background**\n\nNeonatal death is defined as any death that occurs in the first 28 days of life, currently account\nfor approximately 44% of all deaths of children under five years of age in low-middle income\ncountries. [1] Stillbirth is defined as Birthweight \u22651000g, or if missing, \u226524 completed weeks\ngestation, or if missing, body length \u226535cm.\n\n\nThe ICD definition of Stillbirth is birthweight \u22651000g; or if missing \u226524 completed weeks; or\nif missing body length \u226535cm. the WHO international comparison definition of Stillbirth is\nBirthweight \u22651000g, or if missing, \u226528 completed weeks gestation, or if missing, body length\n\u226535cm. A joint meeting between UNHCR, UNFPA and EMPHNET early Jan 2019 took place\nin order to agree on the used definition in Jordan context. It was agreed to use the WHO\ndefinition with the exception of GA completed 24 weeks. As the already used cut off point for\nabortion is 24 weeks so in order to not miss cases between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.\n\n\nNeonatal death and stillbirth audits are the process of systematically capturing information on\nthe number and causes of all neonatal deaths and stillbirths and the potential avoidable factors\nlinked to deaths, to affect change. [2] These are conducted in a no-blame, interdisciplinary\nsetting to improve the care provided to all mothers and babies. Neonatal deaths and stillbirth\nreviews provide opportunities to examine the circumstances surrounding, as well as the\nimmediate and contributing factors leading to a neonatal death and stillbirths and inform the\ndelivery of health services and quality of health care for women and babies during pregnancy\nand delivery, and ultimately to prevent future morbidity and mortality. [3 ]\n\n\nNeonatal mortality and stillbirth audits are particularly important as care often falls short\nbetween different providers and even between different departments or units. However, audit\nalone cannot improve the quality of care and outcomes; unless the recommendations\ncontained within the audit process are effectively implemented, maternal and neonatal\noutcomes will not improve. [4,5 ]\n\n\n1Improving newborn and neonatal care- UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/57beb81e4.pdf\n\n\n2 Kerber et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2015, 15(Suppl. 2): S9 Counting every stillbirth and neonatal death\nthrough mortality audit to improve quality of care for every pregnant woman and her baby.\nhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/15/S2/S9\n\n\n3 http://www.who.int/pmnch/knowledge/publications/summaries/ks27/en/\n\n\n[4 Pattinson R1, Kerber K, et. al. Perinatal mortality audit: counting, accountability, and overcoming challenges in](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pattinson%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19815206)\n[scaling up in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Gynecology Obstet.2009 Oct;107 Suppl 1: S113-21, S121-](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815206)\n2.\n\n\n5 EJ Buchmann. Towards greater effectiveness of perinatal death audit in low- and middle-income countries.\nBJOG. Volume 121, Issue Supplement s4, pages 134\u2013136, September 2014\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nNeonatal mortality rate is the number of neonatal deaths in the camp dying at age of 28 days\nand less, divided by the number of live births in the same camp & same period, multiplied by\n1000.\n\n\nStillbirth rate is the number of stillbirths (Any fetal death after 24 weeks and/or\n<1000) divided by the number of total births in the camp for the same period,\nmultiplied by 1000.\nIn line with UNHCR\u2019s global strategy; UNHCR Jordan established a NN death audit system\nin camps in collaboration with Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Since June 2016,\nEMPHNET was selected through a tendering process to start conducting the audits in Zatari\ncamp and in April 2016 in Azraq camp, stillbirth audits started at July 2018. The main\nobjective of this audit is to decrease the neonatal mortality and stillbirths, among Syrian\nrefugees through conducting the following activities:\n\n\n - Conduct periodic review meetings with stakeholders about the findings and\nrecommendations in a manner that is acceptable to all.\n\n\n - Investigate possible causes of death/ and factors affecting the coverage and quality of\n\n\nbabies\u2019 care.\n\n\n - Improve neonatal care in refugee camps and to prioritize action to save lives of\n\n\nbabies.\n\n\n - Revision of the audit forms took place in late 2017 and 2019 in order to capture more\n\n\nsignificant data; questions were added to highlight challenges in transportation for the\n\n\nmother in addition to the baby. More questions added to specify treatment protocols\n\n\nused for anemia during pregnancy.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\nNeonatal mortality and stillbirth cases were reported to EMPHNET from the International\nMedical Corps (IMC) in Zatari and Azraq camps. Whenever EMPHNET was alerted about a\nnew case of neonatal mortality, a team would be sent to investigate the case.\n\n\nThe appointed (EMPHNET) investigator and assistant are responsible to conduct a field visit\nwithin 72 hours of the reported neonatal death and stillbirth cases. During this visit, the team\nshould fill the neonatal death and stillbirth audit form. The audit form is designed to collect\ndata in a quantitative and qualitative manner through a questionnaire, including: Interviews\nwith caregivers/mothers, reviewing medical files of the newborn and mother, and the mother\nANC card, then completed forms should be submitted electronically to UNHCR. All the\ninformation in the audit form are confidential.\n\n\nEMPHNET has done a descriptive analysis of all neonatal deaths and stillbirths occurred during\nthe midyear 2019 by using Epi Info 7. This report reflects the findings of the following analysis,\nregarding neonatal deaths and Stillbirths.\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMPHNET", - "confidence": 0.5473181009292603, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari\ncamp", - "confidence": 0.7116211652755737, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5122544765472412, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6128827929496765, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.934147298336029, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "stillbirth audits", - "confidence": 0.7657497525215149, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5227582454681396, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.9509450793266296, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMPHNET", - "confidence": 0.7124484777450562, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.8079610466957092, - "start": 312, - "end": 316 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "neonatal death and stillbirth audit form", - "confidence": 0.9790241718292236, - "start": 375, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "EMPHNET", - "confidence": 0.5755377411842346, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8834324479103088, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Epi Info 7", - "confidence": 0.9202760457992554, - "start": 462, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6104642152786255, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "EMPHNET", - "confidence": 0.7138224840164185, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6879869103431702, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "midyear 2019", - "confidence": 0.650837242603302, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "neonatal deaths and stillbirths", - "confidence": 0.6814197301864624, - "start": 451, - "end": 455 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n - Number of neonatal death cases were 23 neonates and 6 stillbirths, in midyear 2019 (1 [st]\n\nJanuary-30 [th] June) in both camps; in terms of NN death, there was 13 in Azraq and 10\n\n\nin Zatari. For stillbirths, 3 in each camp.\n\n\n**Table 1. Distribution of NN death among Syrian refuges by camps and years.**\n\n|Col1|2016|2017|2018|2019|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Zatari|10|13.9|9.4|6.7|\n|Azraq|19|11.9|12.1|20.2|\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Results**\n\n\n**Midyear data of Neonatal Deaths audit among Syrian refugees in Zatari and Azraq**\n**camps**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Midyear data of Neonatal Deaths audit", - "confidence": 0.8936455845832825, - "start": 21, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari and Azraq", - "confidence": 0.9520338177680969, - "start": 31, - "end": 34 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8270871043205261, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Midyear", - "confidence": 0.5005409121513367, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9925644993782043, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Fig.7.Neonatal death by age at time of death among Syrian refugees in**\n\n**Zatari and Azraq camps, Midyear/2019**\n\n\n\n22-28 days\n\n\n8-21 days\n\n\n3-7 days\n\n\n\u2264 2 days\n\n\n\n0 2 4 6 8 10 12\n\n**No of deaths**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 2: Characteristics of the neonatal deaths among Syrian refugees in Zatari and**\n**Azraq camps, midyear 2019**\n\n|Characteristics|Azraq|Col3|Zatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Parameter**|**Number**|** Percent**|** Number**|** Percent**|** Number**|** percent**|\n|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|**Deliveries**|\n|**Single**|**12**|**92.3**|**9 **|**87.5**|**21**|**91.3**|\n|**Multiple pregnancies**|**1 **|**7.7**|**1 **|**12.5**|**2 **|**8.7**|\n|**Gender**|**Gender**|**Gender**|||||\n|**Male**|**6 **|**46.4**|**7 **|**62.5**|**13**|**56.5**|\n|**Female**|**7 **|**53.8**|**3 **|**37.5.**|**10**|**43.5**|\n|**Place of Birth**|**Place of Birth**|**Place of Birth**|||||\n|**Referral Hospital**|**5 **|**38.5**|**7 **|**75**|**12**|**52.2**|\n|**Camp Hospital**|**8 **|**61.5**|**3 **|**25**|**11**|**47.8**|\n|**Home**|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|**0 **|\n|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|**Age Group at time of death**|\n|**\u2264 2 days**|**4 **|**30.8**|**1 **|**12.5**|**5 **|**21.7**|\n|**3-7 days**|**6 **|**46.2**|**6 **|**50**|**12**|**52.2**|\n|**8-14days**|**1 **|**7.7**|**2 **|**25**|**3 **|**13**|\n|**15-21 day**|**1 **|**7.7**|**1 **|**12.5**|**2 **|**8.7**|\n|**22-28 days**|**1 **|**7.7**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|**Birth Weight**|\n|**Low birth weight**|**9 **|**69.2**|**4 **|**50**|**13**|**56.5**|\n|**Normal birth weight**|**4 **|**30.8**|**6 **|**50.5**|**10**|**43.5**|\n|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|**Birth weight per classification**|\n|**Extremely Low Birth weight<1000 gm**|**2 **|**15.4**|**1 **|**12.5**|**3 **|**13**|\n|**Very low Birth weight 1001-1500 gm**|**5 **|**38.5**|**2 **|**12.5**|**7 **|**30.4**|\n|**Moderate low birth weight 1500-<2500**
**gm**|**2 **|**15.4**|**3 **|**25**|**5 **|**21.7**|\n|**Normal birth weight**|**4 **|**30.1**|**4 **|**50**|**8 **|**34.8**|\n|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|**Resuscitation needed at time of delivery**
**Yes**
**11**
**84.6**
**6 **
**62.5**
**17**
**73.9**|\n|**No**|**2 **|**15.4**|**4 **|**37.5**|**6 **|**26.1**|\n|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|**Place of death**|\n|**Referral Hospital**|**12**|**92.3**|**9 **|**87.5**|**21**|**91.3**|\n|**Camp hospital**|**1 **|**7.7**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Home**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**12.5**|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Total**|**13**|**100**|**10**|**100**|**23**|**100**|\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 3: Distribution of neonatal deaths among Syrian refugees by place of death in**\n**Zatari & Azraq camps (Midyear. 2019)**\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Name of referral hospital**|**Number**|** Percent**|**Number**|**Percent**|** Number**|** Percent**|\n|**Sarah Specialty Private/ Mafraq**|1|7.7|4|40|5|21.74|\n|**Al-Khansa\u2019a Private / Amman**|1|7.7|0|0|1|4.35|\n|**Zarqa Gov. hospital**|2|15.4|0|0|2|8.7|\n|**Al-Hanan private/ Amman**|7|53.8|2|20|9|39.2|\n|**Marka Islamic / Amman**|1|7.7|0|0|1|4.35|\n|**Camp hospital**|1|7.7|0|0|1|4.35|\n|**Irbid Specialty**|0|0|1|10|1|4.35|\n|**Home**|0|0|1|10|1|4.35|\n|**Al-Maqased Private / Amman**|0|0|1|10|1|4.35|\n|**Princess Badeea Government/**
**Irbid**|0|0|1|10|1|4.35|\n|**TOTAL**|13|100|10|100|23|100|\n\n\n\nThree newborns were found 32-37 weeks gestational age, 2 of them were from Zatari camp\nand their birth weights were 2000 gm, referred to Sarah private hospital at Mafraq\ngovernorate due to prematurity, congenital abnormalities and neonatal Jaundice and only\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\none case was from Azraq camp and with birth weight was more than 1800 gm and referred to\nZarqa governmental hospital due to dyspnea, all the three cases were in critical conditions.\n\n\n**Table 4: Distribution of reasons for hospital admissions of the neonates of Syrian**\n**refugees in Zatari and Azraq camps (Midyear. 2019)**\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Reason for Admission**|**Number**|** Percent**|**Number**|**Percent**|**Number**|** Percent**|\n|**respiratory system**
**disorder***|10|76.9|6|60|16|69.6|\n|**Low birth weight**|7|53.8|6|60|13|56.5|\n|**Prematurity**|8|61.5|3|30|11|47.8|\n|**Congenital anomalies**|3|23.1|6|60|9|39.1|\n|**Jaundice**|0|0|2|20|2|8.7|\n|**fever**|0|0|1|10|1|4.35|\n|**Cyanosis**|1|7.7|0|0|1|4.35|\n|**Neonatal Sepsis**|** 2**|15.4|0|0|2|8.7|\n\n\n\n***** Dyspnea 12, Tachypnea 3 and Asphyxia 1\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 5. Distribution of Maternal characteristics of Syrian refugees in Zatari and Azraq**\n**camps, midyear / 2019**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Location|Zatari|Col3|Azraq|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Characteristics**|**Number**|**Percent**|** Number**|**Percent**|**Number**|**percent**|\n|**Age (years)**|**Age (years)**|**Age (years)**|||||\n|Mean|28.1 years||28.67 years||28||\n|Range|25-44 years||18-35 years||18-44||\n|**Gestational age**|**Gestational age**|**Gestational age**|||||\n|Mean|35.5 weeks||35. weeks||34.47||\n|Range|29-40 week||26-42week||26-42||\n|**Preterm level**|**Preterm level**|**Preterm level**|||||\n|Extremely preterm (< 28
wks)|0|0|1|7.7|1|4.35|\n|Very preterm (28- < 32
wks)|2|20|5|38.5|7|30.4|\n|Moderate preterm (32-
<37 wks)|2|20|3|23.1|5|21.7|\n|Full Term (37-42 wks)|6|60|4|30.8|10|43.5|\n|**Gravida**|**Gravida**|**Gravida**|||||\n|Mean|5||4.3||4.78||\n|Range|3-10||1 -7||1-10||\n|**Parity**|||||||\n|Mean|4.62||4.3||||\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Range|2-10|Col3|1-7|Col5|1-10|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Number of antenatal visits**|**Number of antenatal visits**|**Number of antenatal visits**|||||\n|Mean|6.8||7||4.43||\n|Rang|2-9||4-8||2-9||\n|**Presentation**|**Presentation**|**Presentation**|||||\n|Cephalic|9|90|8|61.5|17|73.9|\n|Breech|0|0|4|30.8|4|17.4|\n|Transverse lie|0|0|1|7.7|1|4.35|\n|N. D|1|10|0|0|1|4.35|\n|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|||||\n|Cesarean Section|5|50|5|38.5|10|43.5|\n|Spontaneous Vaginal
delivery (skilled
attendant).|5|50|8|61.5|13|56.5|\n\n\n\n**Table 6: Distribution of danger signs of pregnant women during their antenatal visits,**\n**midyear /2019**\n\n|Characteristics|Number|Percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Signs diagnosed during antenatal period**|**Signs diagnosed during antenatal period**|**Signs diagnosed during antenatal period**|\n|Vaginal bleeding|**2 **|8.7|\n|Elevated blood pressure|**3 **|13|\n|UTI|**2 **|8.7|\n|Abdominal pain|**1 **|4.35|\n|Preterm rupture of membranes|**1 **|4.35|\n|No danger sign|**15**|65.2|\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 7: Distribution of anemia among pregnant Syrian refuges women in both camps,**\n**midyear / 2019**\n\n|HB Test|Number|\n|---|---|\n|<11*|**8 **|\n|>11|**8 **|\n|Not documented|**7 **|\n|Total|**23**|\n\n\n\n***** Blood Hb below 11 gm/l was treated as anemia\n\n**Table 8. Distribution of Hb test results among Syrian refugees of NN death mothers in**\n**Zatari and Azraq camps, midyear 2019**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Camp|Hb not
documented|Hb doc, no
def, dose
correct|Hb doc,
anemic, Rx
correct|Hb Doc,
anemic, Rx
does not
correct|Hb doc, no
def, not
correct|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Azraq|5|3|0|4|1|\n|Zatari|2|2|2|2|2|\n\n\n**Table 9: Distribution of Syrian Neonatal deaths in both camps by place of delivery and**\n**prophylaxis given post-delivery, midyear /2019**\n\n|Place of delivery|Number|Prophylaxis|\n|---|---|---|\n|Al Hanan hospital / Amman|**4 **|VK|\n|Sarah hospital/ Mafraq|**3 **|VK|\n|Al-Maqased hospital/Amman|**1 **|VK|\n|Princess Bade\u2019a hospital/Irbid|**1 **|VK|\n|Zarqa Goven. hospital/Zarqa|**1 **|VK|\n|AL-Khansa\u2019a hospital / Amman|**1 **|VK|\n|Camp hospitals|**12**|All were given VK and Eyes Ointment|\n|Total|**23**||\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 10: Distribution of immediate causes of neonatal deaths of Syrian refugees\u2019 in**\n**Zatari and Azraq camp (Midyear / 2019)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Location|Zatari|Col3|Azraq|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Immediate causes of death**|**Number**|** Percent**|**Number**|** Percent**|** Number**|** Percent**|\n|**RDS**|**4 **|**40**|**8 **|**61.5**|**12**|**52.2**|\n|**Pulmonary edema**|**1 **|**10**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Pneumonia**|**2 **|**20**|**0 **|**0 **|**2 **|**8.7**|\n|**Transient Tachypnea of Newborn**
**(TTN)**|**1 **|**10**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Suffocation**|**1 **|**10**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Liver failure**|**1 **|**10**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Pulmonary hemorrhage**|**0 **|**0 **|**2 **|**15.4**|**2 **|**8.7**|\n|**Congenital anomalies**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**7.7**|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Pneumothorax **|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**7.7**|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Sepsis**|**0 **|**0 **|**1 **|**7.7**|**1 **|**4.35**|\n|**Total**|**10**|**100**|**13**|**100**|**23**|**100**|\n\n\n**Major findings and recommendations on the Mid-Year findings for both camps in 2019**\n\n\n - During the first half of 2019, there were no NN deaths reported for women under 18\nyears of age, but still old age pregnancy is a significant finding. Thus, awareness\nraising activities on the risks of old and young age pregnancies should continue.\n\n\n - The lack of postpartum family planning is still a major finding during 2019.\nAwareness raising about the importance of birth spacing efforts should continue.\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n - Poor Antenatal Care with proper adherence for RH treatment protocols including\nidentification of low and high-risk pregnancies with planning of the number of ANC\nvisits accordingly, the measurements of vital signs including blood pressure, blood\nsugar, and MUAC screening. Proper management of anemia during pregnancy and\ngestational HTN. A Major recommendation is the continuous follow up efforts\nthrough the reproductive health working groups forums to ensure quality services are\nprovided with regular monitoring and supervising for RH activities implemented in\nthe clinics by implementing and operating partners.\n\n\n - Poor management of Neonatal cases at the level of referral facilities outside the camps\nwas a major concern during the first quarter of 2019 from Za\u2019atri camp. The referral\nunit within the public health unit in UNHCR are following up closely with these\naffiliated hospitals to ensure quality of health care services provided.\n\n\n - One case of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was identified in one of the camps.\nThis is still not a major issue with public health importance, however, awareness\nraising efforts on the risks of SIDS should be explained to families and avoided.\n\n\n - Safe referrals for urgent cases identified with labor signs at the level of one of the\nclinics should be done\n\n\n - Respiratory System disorders constitute a major reason for hospital admissions with\nprematurity and low birth weight. RDS is a major cause of death as well. There is a\nbig opportunity for cases identified with high risk pregnancy and increased risk of\npremature delivery to receive dexamethasone injections according to RH treatment\nprotocols. Dexamethasone is a cheap and cost-effective product that decreases risk of\nRDS by 40% and Neonatal deaths by 30%.\n\n\n**Mid-Year results of Stillbirth 2019:**\n**Midyear data of Stillbirths audit among Syrian refugees in Zatari and Azraq camps**\n\nThis section provides major findings during the first six months of 2019 (1 [st] January \u2013 30 [th] June\n2019). It is worth mentioning that the findings are based on a revised stillbirths audit form,\nwhich was adopted from the stillbirth and Neonatal Death Case review form from Making\nEvery Baby Count Audit and review of stillbirths and neonatal deaths\n\n\n**Overall Demographics**\n\nIn our audits during the reporting period of Mid-year 2019), a total of 6 stillbirth cases were\nreported and audited in two camps (Zatari and Azraq). Thus, the numerator used for most of\nthe analysis was 6 stillbirth cases. Half (50%) of the cases (3 cases) happened in each of the\ncamps. On the other hand, the total number of livebirths during the same reporting period was\n2,125 (total number of births=2,131) in both camps. The number of live births in Zatari Camp\nwere 1,457 (total number of births=1,460) and in Azraq Camp were 668 (total number of\nbirths=671).\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Midyear data of Stillbirths audit", - "confidence": 0.6360841393470764, - "start": 326, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.9233290553092957, - "start": 335, - "end": 339 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8599292635917664, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9611554145812988, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "stillbirth cases", - "confidence": 0.8421057462692261, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zatari Camp", - "confidence": 0.6053197383880615, - "start": 519, - "end": 521 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7548220157623291, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nTo estimate the stillbirth rate in 1000 total births for the reporting period, the number of babies\nborn during the past six months with no signs of life weighing equal to or < 1000 g and after\n24 completed weeks of gestation was divided by the total (live and stillborn) births and then\nmultiplied by 1000. It is worth mentioning that, to obtain the stillbirth rate for the year 2019,\nthe same calculations will be done for all four quarters of the year.\n\n\nThe stillbirth rate for both camps was 2.82 per 1000 total births. However, the stillbirth rate for\nAzraq was 4.47 per 1000 total births, while the same indicator for Zatari was 2.05 per 1000\ntotal births. Thus, when looking at the same indicator for each camp, Azraq had almost twice\nstillbirth rate as compared to Zatari. It is also important to mention that due to low number of\nthe cases these findings may largely change over the coming reporting periods. Details of the\nstillbirth rates are summarized in the table below.\n\n\n**Table 1. Stillbirth rates among Syrian refugees by camps, midyear 2019**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Stillbirths|Total
births|Stillbirth rate per
1000 total births|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Azraq**|3|671|4.47|\n|**Zatari**|3|1460|2.05|\n|**Both camps**|6|2125|2.82|\n\n\n\n**Location and Dates of Stillbirth Cases:**\n\nOut of the 6 cases, 3 happened in in Zatari Camp and 3 in Azraq Camp.\n\n\nThese cases happened in weeks 4, 10, 13, 14, and 15, with week 10 having 2 stillbirth cases. It\nis worth mentioning that all 6 death cases happened till Week 15 of the reporting period. From\nweek 16 to 26 of the past six months (i.e. for 11 consecutive weeks), no stillbirth cases were\nrecorded in any of the two camps. The graph below provides details on the distribution of\nstillbirths by epidemiological week and camp during Quarter 1 and Quarter 2 for the year 2019.\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n### Distribution of Stillbirths By Camps and Epidemiological Weeks in midyear, 2019\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|W1|W2|W3|W4|W5|W6|W7|W8|W9|W10|W11|W12|W13|W14|W15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Azraq||||||||||2||||1||\n|Zatari||||1|||||||||1||1|\n\n\nEpidemiological Week\n\n\n**Maternal Characteristics:**\n\nResults of analysis show that the age of mothers ranged from 19 to 35 years with the mean age\nof 26.2 years, while the median was 24.5 years. No woman was less than 18 Y/O or above 35\nY/O in this study.\n\n\n5 out of 6 mothers had primary and secondary educational level and one mother was illiterate.\n\n\nAll pregnancies were singleton. Furthermore, women who delivered by normal vaginal\ndelivery and Cesarean section were half (50%) of the cases in each category.\n\n\nAll 6 cases had ANC visits with an average of 4.5 ANC visits and median of 4 visits. However,\nthe number of ANC visits ranged from 1 to 8 visits with one mother had only one ANC visit.\nFive of them had their first ANC visit in the first trimester while only one case started her first\nANC after the second trimester.\n\n\nAll mothers received Iron supplement and folic acid during their antenatal visits. Blood\npressure measurements and determining blood group and Rh factor were done for all 5 cases\nexcept one case that had no vital records due to legal issue and she had only one ANC visit\ncases. However, MUAC was not done, except for one case. Even for that case, MUAC was not\ndocumented, the mother explained verbally that the health care provider measured MUAC for\nher. Fasting Blood sugar was tested for 4 cases.\n\n\nAmong six mothers, one of them stated that she got pregnant while using a traditional family\nplanning method, which is lactational amenorrhea.\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nThere was predisposing factors in almost all stillbirth cases such as grand and great grand multi\ngravida, feeling decreased fetal movements, post-date pregnancy with transvers lie. Two\nmothers complained of previous history of stillbirths.\n\n\nMore details on maternal characteristics are provided in the Table below.\n\n\n**Table 2: Characteristics of the Mothers in Stillbirths in midyear. 2019**\n\n|Characteristics|Number|percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Age of the Mothers (years)**|**Age of the Mothers (years)**|**Age of the Mothers (years)**|\n|Mean|26.2||\n|Median|24.5||\n|Range|16 (19-35)||\n|Women less than 18|0|% (0)|\n|Women above 35|0|% (0)|\n|**Pregnancy term level**|**Pregnancy term level**|**Pregnancy term level**|\n|Full term|4|67%|\n|Preterm|2|33%|\n|**Gravidity**|**Gravidity**|**Gravidity**|\n|Mean|4||\n|Median|4||\n|Range|6 (1-7)||\n|**Parity**|**Parity**|**Parity**|\n|Mean|3||\n|Median|3.5||\n|Range|3 (1-4)||\n|**Number of antenatal care visit**|**Number of antenatal care visit**|**Number of antenatal care visit**|\n|Mean|4.5||\n|Median|4||\n|Range|7 (1-8)||\n|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|**Mode of delivery**|\n|Cesarean Section|3|50%|\n|Spontaneous
Vaginal
Delivery
(skilled
attendant)|3|50%|\n|**Predisposing factors for Stillbirth**|**Predisposing factors for Stillbirth**|**Predisposing factors for Stillbirth**|\n|Grand and Great grand Multi gravidity|4|67%|\n|Post-date pregnancy (Transvers lie)|1|17%|\n|Un-Known|1|17%|\n\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Fetal Characteristics:**\n\nGestational age of the baby ranged from 28 to 40 weeks with the mean gestational age of 35.83\nweeks and median gestational age of 37.5 weeks. Looking into the term of pregnancy, findings\nshowed that 4 stillbirths were at full term, while 2 were preterm. Also, in terms of dead fetal\ncondition at the time of delivery, 4 cases were fresh stillbirths, while 2 of them were macerated.\nAlso, 2 stillbirth cases happened as intrapartum cases, while 4 happened during antepartum\nperiod. More details on fetal characteristics are provided in the Table below.\n\n\n**Table 3: Characteristics of the Stillbirths in Midyear, 2019**\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n21\n\n\n|Characteristics|Number|percent|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Gestational age (weeks)**|**Gestational age (weeks)**|**Gestational age (weeks)**|\n|Mean|35.83||\n|Median|37.5||\n|Range|12 (28-40)||\n|**Terms of Pregnancy**|**Terms of Pregnancy**|**Terms of Pregnancy**|\n|Full term|4|67%|\n|Preterm|2|33%|\n|**Fetal Weight (grams)**|**Fetal Weight (grams)**|**Fetal Weight (grams)**|\n|Mean|2966.7||\n|Median|3000||\n|Range|2000
(2000-4000)||\n|**Condition at the time of delivery**|**Condition at the time of delivery**|**Condition at the time of delivery**|\n|Fresh stillbirth|4|67%|\n|Macerated stillbirth|2|33%|\n|**Type of Stillbirths**|**Type of Stillbirths**|**Type of Stillbirths**|\n|Intrapartum|2|33%|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n|Antepartum|4|67%|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Causes of Stillbirths**|**Causes of Stillbirths**|**Causes of Stillbirths**|\n|Post-date pregnancy|1|
16.67%
|\n|Abruptio placenta|2|33.33%|\n|Umbilical Cord Accident|1|16.67%|\n|Obstetric
complication
(delay
in
receiving care)|1|16.67%|\n|Un-known (No ANC)|1|16.67%|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Camp|Hb not
documented|Hb doc, no
def, dose
correct|Hb doc,
anemic, Rx
correct|Hb Doc,
anemic, Rx
not correct|Hb doc, no
def, not
correct|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Azraq|2|1|0|0|0|\n|Zatari|1|1|0|1|0|\n\n\n\n**Analysis of Causes and Contributing Factors**\n\nA large proportion of stillbirths may happen in healthy babies, and the reason often cannot be\nexplained. However, stillbirths are mostly linked to placental complications like abruptio\nplacenta, problem with the umbilical cord (cord prolapse, wrapped around the baby neck and\nbecome knotted), bleeding, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, maternal diabetes, genetic\nabnormalities, and various infections. Risk of stillbirth also increase in case of twins or multiple\npregnancies, IUGR, early-age (<18) or over-age mothers (>35 years old), smoking and drug\nabuse during pregnancy, maternal obesity (BMI>30), multigravidity etc. [6 ]\n\n\n. Almost all mothers were grand and great grand multigravida. The first major underlying cause\nof stillbirth (in 2 out 6 cases) was abruptio placenta due to trauma: falling of the mother (1\ncase), severe pre-eclampsia (1 case) and nuchal cord\u2014umbilical cord around fetus neck (1\ncase). The other cause accompanied by stillbirth was post-date pregnancy (1 case), and\nUnknown cause based on No Antenatal Care received and major contributing factor would be\nemotional stress. 1 case had the incident due to delay in receiving care during labor by the\nhealth care provider.\n\n\n**Discussion:**\n\nBased on the qualitative analysis of the 6 stillbirth cases, we found that there was medical\nnegligence in most of the cases. Two cases are presented as example case scenarios below:\n\n\n6 NHS. Causes of Stillbirth. Available at https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stillbirth/causes/\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**First Case scenario:**\n\nA 24 Y/O, multigravida woman went to the hospital for 6 regular ANCs. Her last ANC visit\nwas at 40-week pregnancy, she felt decrease of fetal movement, while she visited health care\nprovider, she found that presentation is transvers lie and she told her everything is normal go\nback to home and came back 5 days later.\n\n\nWhen she started labor pain at almost 41-week pregnancy and she was admitted to the hospital,\ndoctor found, that the fetus is dead, and the presentation was transvers lie.\n\n\nTechnical Note regarding this case: In transvers lie case a health care provider should have\nextra care in the final weeks of pregnancy even an external cephalic version (ECV) can be\nattempted in such cases but due to many underlying complications, nowadays selective\nC/Section is indicated at completed 37 or at 38 week-pregnancy.\n\n\nIn this case, there was no issue with mother\u2019s awareness about the importance of ANC visits\nor danger signs of pregnancy and when she felt decrease of the fetal movement, she went to\nthe health clinic. However, in the clinic, the doctor reassured her and advised her to come next\nweek, despite a transverse lie, woman\u2019s complaint of the decreased fetal movement which was\na significant danger sign for fetus, but health care provider did not care about this live\nthreatening issue for the fetus and she was discharged from the clinic.\n\n\n**Second Case Scenario:**\n\nA 25 Y/O, PG woman with secondary educational level at 28-week pregnancy came to the\nhospital with chief complain of labor pain and vaginal bleeding. BP was 135/95; proteinuria\nwas +2; and edema was present. She had 4 ANC visits at the camp Hospital, and she received\ntetanus toxoid, Iron supplement, Folic Acid; and she had blood sugar measurement, checking\nof fetal heart, Blood group and RH factor exam and blood Pressure measurement during ANC\nvisits, HB level was 7,3 grams. However, no danger signs were identified by the health care\nprovider.\n\n\nIn this case, again there was no issue with mother\u2019s attendance of 4 ANC visits till 28 weeks\nof pregnancy Several danger signs were present in the mother. However, the health care\nprovider failed to take necessary measurements for the management of severe pre-eclampsia.\nThis case scenario can again reflect medical negligence.\n\n\n**Third Case Scenario:**\n\nThere were 2 intrapartum stillbirth cases in the reporting period, one of those is describe below\nfor lessons learned:\n\n\nShe had strong uterine contractions and was referred to hospital in camp. She arrived to the\nhospital with full dilatation of the cervix. By doppler, doctor did not find any FHR; then she\nwas examined by U/S and the doctor diagnosed IUFD due to umbilical cord around the neck\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nof fetus and abruptio placenta based on tight umbilical cord around the neck. Then she was\nadmitted for NVD.\n\n\n**Technical note:** During uterine contractions the blood flow through the nuchal cord is\ndecreased. This can cause the baby's heart rate to fall during contractions (variable deceleration\nin CTG). As we said, she arrived almost in the second stage of labor or the end of active phase\nof labor (full dilatation of cervix). Therefore, it means that she spent all first stage of labor at\nhome and blood flow was continuously decreased to the fetus during that time. The intra uterine\nfetal death happened during labor pain (Intrapartum stillbirth after the onset of labor (uterine\ncontraction), and before birth).\n\n\nIf fetal heart rate was absent during admission, it does not mean that the death occurred before\nthe labor contractions. The main point here is that the amniotic fluid color was green, indicating\nfetal asphyxia during uterine contractions.\n\n\n**Conclusions:**\n\nAlthough descriptive statistics cannot be appropriately provided for a small number of cases,\nthe above 6 stillbirth cases can still reflect the main causes that affect pregnancy outcomes\namong mothers. These underlying causes and contributing factors include frequent\npregnancies, lack of regular ANC visits (in one case), and more importantly medical\nmalpractice clearly identified in these audits (only in three of the cases) Actually in 6 cases,\nthis is greatly high number for medical negligence and we will provide you more examples.\n\n\n**Recommendations:**\n\nBased on the findings of our audits during the reporting period, the following recommendations\nmust be taken into action.\n\n\n - Raising awareness about their highly important responsibility of the clinical staff\ntoward mothers\u2019 and babies\u2019 well-being and their knowledge update is of utmost\nimportance. Even if the mothers are well aware about the importance of their\ncompliance with medical advice and they actively seek health care and reach to the\nhealth facility at a time when it is not too late, their health and their babies health will\nstill face increased dangers if health care providers do not take necessary actions at\nthe right time.\n\n - Building the capacity of staff will have positive effect in early diagnosis and proper\nmedical decision making for the timely management of such cases.\n\n - Raising awareness about the dangers of frequent pregnancies must be stressed during\ncounseling sessions, specifically for those women who are grand and great grand\nmultigravida.\n\n - Importance of early booking visits to determine GA and clear management protocols\nfor postdate pregnancies\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n24\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n - Protection cases including (Domestic violence?? Falling down) more attention to\nthem as they pass through emotional stress and immediate of reporting and immediate\naction\n\n - Adherence to RH treatment protocols and identifying risk factors and danger signs\n\n - Raising awareness of the women about the importance of onset of labor (onset of\nuterine contractions) to reach to the health care center at early stage in addition to\nproviding physical and psychological support. Observing the woman and baby is\nnecessary to offer specific interventions in case of possible urgent complications\nduring the onset of labor (onset of uterine contractions).\n\n - The agreement on the health authority that is responsible on providing Antenatal Care\nfor protection cases settled in specific protection areas in the camps\n\n\n[9/9/2019]\n\n25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06d8a3b1-9723-3470-b9d4-38e1114be412/71988.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_192/raw/doc_192_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_192/raw/doc_192_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 762d773faa7b8e525a854eb5a59ae12db3d4da49..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_192/raw/doc_192_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|Key Highlights
\u2022 The cost of MEB increased substantially in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the reference MEB value of March 2019. The
July, August and September 2019 cost of the MEB was 22 percent, 27 percent and 23 percent respectively higher than the
reference MEB value.
\u2022 The cost of the food MEB increased by 37 percent, 45 percent and 39 percent in July, August and September 2019 respectively
compared to the reference value of March 2019.
\u2022 The cost of the non-food MEB during the third quarter of 2019 remained largely the same compared to the reference value of
March 2019.
\u2022 The increasing cost of the MEB may have a negative impact on households\u2019 capacity to cover essential needs.|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|

















**The MEB for refugees in Uganda**
The reference MEB value for refugees in
Uganda was based on 11 components: food,
water, energy and environment, education,
communication, transport, hygiene, clothing,
health, household items and livelihood. The
reference
MEB
value
and
percentage
contribution of each of the 11 components are
shown in Table 1.
The MEB was developed using a combination of
a rights based and an expenditure approach. As
a result, the cost of some components of the
MEB such as food, hygiene, energy (firewood),
livelihood and household items are itemized
based on a determination of essential needs.
The cost of other components, including water,
education, transport, communication, clothing,
and
health,
were
based
on
refugee
expenditures patterns and expert agreement.
Price monitoring of the itemized components
helps to inform
how changing market
conditions affect the cost of the total MEB.
**Table 1: MEB by component**
||**Figure 1: Assessed Markets in refugee settlements**|\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ecf52d4d-7446-3232-acd2-989d68e6b7a0/72422.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Figure 1: Changes in cost of total MEB|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|











**_Note_**_: The cost of Non-food MEB is the same from July to September 2019 because_
_prices are monitored quarterly. _|











**_Note_**_: The cost of Non-food MEB is the same from July to September 2019 because_
_prices are monitored quarterly. _|











**_Note_**_: The cost of Non-food MEB is the same from July to September 2019 because_
_prices are monitored quarterly. _|\u2022
The cost of the food MEB increased substantally
in July, August and September 2019 compared to
the reference value of March 2019. Compared to
the reference value in March 2019, the cost of
food MEB increased by 37 percent, 45 percent and
39 percent in July, August and September 2019
respectvely.
\u2022
The cost of non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent
from the reference value in March 2019 to the
third quarter of 2019.
\u2022
The cost of the total MEB increased by 22, 27 and
23 percent from the reference value in March
2019 to July, August and September 2019
respectvely.|\u2022
The cost of the food MEB increased substantally
in July, August and September 2019 compared to
the reference value of March 2019. Compared to
the reference value in March 2019, the cost of
food MEB increased by 37 percent, 45 percent and
39 percent in July, August and September 2019
respectvely.
\u2022
The cost of non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent
from the reference value in March 2019 to the
third quarter of 2019.
\u2022
The cost of the total MEB increased by 22, 27 and
23 percent from the reference value in March
2019 to July, August and September 2019
respectvely.|\n|
**Figure 2: Changes in cost of food items and Food MEB**|
**Figure 2: Changes in cost of food items and Food MEB**|
**Figure 2: Changes in cost of food items and Food MEB**|
**Figure 2: Changes in cost of food items and Food MEB**|
**Figure 2: Changes in cost of food items and Food MEB**|\n|








|








|\u2022
There was a general increase in the average cost of MEB
food items in July, August and September 2019 compared
to the reference prices of March 2019.
\u2022
The cost of fsh, beans and maize four increased
substantally in July, August and September 2019
compared to the March 2019 cost.
\u2022
The cost of leafy vegetables decreased substantally in
July, August and September 2019 compared to the March
2019 value.
\u2022
Generally, the cost of MEB food items decreased from
August to September 2019, leading to a decrease in the
cost of food MEB by 4 percent from August to September
2019.|\u2022
There was a general increase in the average cost of MEB
food items in July, August and September 2019 compared
to the reference prices of March 2019.
\u2022
The cost of fsh, beans and maize four increased
substantally in July, August and September 2019
compared to the March 2019 cost.
\u2022
The cost of leafy vegetables decreased substantally in
July, August and September 2019 compared to the March
2019 value.
\u2022
Generally, the cost of MEB food items decreased from
August to September 2019, leading to a decrease in the
cost of food MEB by 4 percent from August to September
2019.|\u2022
There was a general increase in the average cost of MEB
food items in July, August and September 2019 compared
to the reference prices of March 2019.
\u2022
The cost of fsh, beans and maize four increased
substantally in July, August and September 2019
compared to the March 2019 cost.
\u2022
The cost of leafy vegetables decreased substantally in
July, August and September 2019 compared to the March
2019 value.
\u2022
Generally, the cost of MEB food items decreased from
August to September 2019, leading to a decrease in the
cost of food MEB by 4 percent from August to September
2019.|\n|

**Figure 3: Changes in cost of Non-Food MEB**|

**Figure 3: Changes in cost of Non-Food MEB**|

**Figure 3: Changes in cost of Non-Food MEB**|

**Figure 3: Changes in cost of Non-Food MEB**|

**Figure 3: Changes in cost of Non-Food MEB**|\n|





|\u2022
There were slight changes in the cost on Non-food MEB in the
third quarter of 2019 compared to the March 2019 reference
value.
\u2022
The cost of livelihood, energy and clothing all decreased by
about 4 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the
reference value. The cost hygiene component decreased by 2
percent in the same period.
\u2022
From March 2019 to the third quarter of 2019, the cost of the
Non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent.|\u2022
There were slight changes in the cost on Non-food MEB in the
third quarter of 2019 compared to the March 2019 reference
value.
\u2022
The cost of livelihood, energy and clothing all decreased by
about 4 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the
reference value. The cost hygiene component decreased by 2
percent in the same period.
\u2022
From March 2019 to the third quarter of 2019, the cost of the
Non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent.|\u2022
There were slight changes in the cost on Non-food MEB in the
third quarter of 2019 compared to the March 2019 reference
value.
\u2022
The cost of livelihood, energy and clothing all decreased by
about 4 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the
reference value. The cost hygiene component decreased by 2
percent in the same period.
\u2022
From March 2019 to the third quarter of 2019, the cost of the
Non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent.|\u2022
There were slight changes in the cost on Non-food MEB in the
third quarter of 2019 compared to the March 2019 reference
value.
\u2022
The cost of livelihood, energy and clothing all decreased by
about 4 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the
reference value. The cost hygiene component decreased by 2
percent in the same period.
\u2022
From March 2019 to the third quarter of 2019, the cost of the
Non-food MEB decreased by 2 percent.|\n|

**Annex 1: Methodology**|

**Annex 1: Methodology**|

**Annex 1: Methodology**|

**Annex 1: Methodology**|**Annex 2: Frequency of Monitoring**|\n|






\u2022
Data was collected by trained enumerators using ODK, from refugee setlement
level markets that are mostly accessed by refugees. At least three responses per
item per setlement are collected to ensure representatveness of item prices at
setlement level. Average market prices of food commodites are used for analysis
whereas median prices are used for non-food items.
\u2022
The costs of clothing, household items, hygiene, energy and livelihood
components were updated using the Consumer Price index (CPI) of monitored
non-food items. The cost of health, water, communicaton, transport and
educaton components remained the same because they are service based and
changes in CPI for non-food items may not necessarily affect changes in the cost
of these components.|






\u2022
Data was collected by trained enumerators using ODK, from refugee setlement
level markets that are mostly accessed by refugees. At least three responses per
item per setlement are collected to ensure representatveness of item prices at
setlement level. Average market prices of food commodites are used for analysis
whereas median prices are used for non-food items.
\u2022
The costs of clothing, household items, hygiene, energy and livelihood
components were updated using the Consumer Price index (CPI) of monitored
non-food items. The cost of health, water, communicaton, transport and
educaton components remained the same because they are service based and
changes in CPI for non-food items may not necessarily affect changes in the cost
of these components.|






\u2022
Data was collected by trained enumerators using ODK, from refugee setlement
level markets that are mostly accessed by refugees. At least three responses per
item per setlement are collected to ensure representatveness of item prices at
setlement level. Average market prices of food commodites are used for analysis
whereas median prices are used for non-food items.
\u2022
The costs of clothing, household items, hygiene, energy and livelihood
components were updated using the Consumer Price index (CPI) of monitored
non-food items. The cost of health, water, communicaton, transport and
educaton components remained the same because they are service based and
changes in CPI for non-food items may not necessarily affect changes in the cost
of these components.|






\u2022
Data was collected by trained enumerators using ODK, from refugee setlement
level markets that are mostly accessed by refugees. At least three responses per
item per setlement are collected to ensure representatveness of item prices at
setlement level. Average market prices of food commodites are used for analysis
whereas median prices are used for non-food items.
\u2022
The costs of clothing, household items, hygiene, energy and livelihood
components were updated using the Consumer Price index (CPI) of monitored
non-food items. The cost of health, water, communicaton, transport and
educaton components remained the same because they are service based and
changes in CPI for non-food items may not necessarily affect changes in the cost
of these components.||\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_prices", - "confidence": 0.6890204548835754, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5264852643013, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ODK", - "confidence": 0.8860085010528564, - "start": 2109, - "end": 2110 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "trained enumerators", - "confidence": 0.7703322172164917, - "start": 2106, - "end": 2108 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9121635556221008, - "start": 2124, - "end": 2125 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ODK", - "confidence": 0.6824132204055786, - "start": 2298, - "end": 2299 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9239994883537292, - "start": 2313, - "end": 2314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Consumer Price index", - "confidence": 0.5270054340362549, - "start": 2391, - "end": 2394 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ODK", - "confidence": 0.6247105598449707, - "start": 2487, - "end": 2488 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9165492653846741, - "start": 2502, - "end": 2503 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Consumer Price index", - "confidence": 0.989788293838501, - "start": 2580, - "end": 2583 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CPI", - "confidence": 0.8754094839096069, - "start": 2584, - "end": 2585 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-food items", - "confidence": 0.9116791486740112, - "start": 2591, - "end": 2593 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ecf52d4d-7446-3232-acd2-989d68e6b7a0/72422.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[For further information, contact: joseph.kyanjo@wfp.org; cwg.uganda.kampala@gmail.com](mailto:joseph.kyanjo@wfp.org)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ecf52d4d-7446-3232-acd2-989d68e6b7a0/72422.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_193/raw/doc_193_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_193/raw/doc_193_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c7a9d8fa8391fdb1265efb91864f378a00d90876..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_193/raw/doc_193_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 155**\n\n# **Beyond the nexus:** **UNHCR\u2019s evolving perspective on** **refugee protection and international migration**\n\n\n**Jeff Crisp**\n\n\nHead, Policy Development and Evaluation Service\n\nUNHCR\n\n\ne-mail: crisp@unhcr.org\n\n\nApril 2008\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\n\u201cAntonio Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, explained\nthat while UNHCR has a precise mandate in relation to refugees, the\ncomplexity of today\u2019s displacement goes well beyond the asylummigration nexus. More and more people are forced to move because of\nextreme deprivation, environmental degradation and climate change,\nas well as conflict and persecution. Meeting the needs of people who\nhave left their country to find food and sending them back to extreme\ndeprivation if they are not refugees are some of the complex questions\nthat arise. While the answers go beyond UNHCR\u2019s mandate, it is\nUNHCR\u2019s duty to alert states to these problems and help find answers\nto the new challenges they present.\u201d [1]\n\nUntil the 1990s, UNHCR rarely made any reference to the issue of international\nmigration in its policy documents and public statements. Indeed, the organization\nmade a determined effort to separate the issue of refugee protection from that of\ninternational migration, so as to underline the special status and protection needs of\npeople falling within its mandate.\n\nFrom the early 1990 onwards, however, UNHCR's traditional reluctance to\nacknowledge or discuss the issue of international migration was challenged by a\nnumber of related developments, including:\n\n\n - a significant growth in the number of people seeking asylum in other states;\n\n\n - a decline in the proportion of asylum seekers being granted refugee status;\n\n\n - a widespread belief that many of the new asylum applications were\n\u2018manifestly unfounded\u2019 in nature;\n\n\n - the introduction of indiscriminate measures to prevent or deter the arrival of\nrefugees, asylum seekers and irregular migrants;\n\n\n - an rapid expansion of the international \u2018migration industry\u2019, including the\nphenomena of human smuggling and trafficking;\n\n\n - the difficulties encountered by states in preventing \u2018asylum shopping\u2019 and in\nensuring the return of unsuccessful asylum seekers; and,\n\n\n - the establishment of numerous global and regional initiatives and consultative\nprocesses which addressed both migration and refugee issues.\n\nWhile UNHCR continued to insist that a fundamental distinction could be made\nbetween refugees and people who had left their own country for reasons unrelated to\npersecution and armed conflict, the organization nevertheless became increasingly\n\n\n1 \u2018Today at the GA\u2019. 8/9 November 2007, UN, New York.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "engaged in the broader migration discourse. [2] The organization also embraced one of\nthe central notions of that discourse, namely the \u2018asylum-migration nexus\u2019. This\nconcept featured prominently in the organization\u2019s landmark 2002 document \u2018Agenda\nfor Protection\u2019 and in a range of subsequent official statements. As recently as June\n2007, for example, UNHCR submitted a report to its governing body, the Executive\nCommittee, titled \u2018UNHCR\u2019s activities in relation to the asylum-migration nexus\u2019.\n\n**Changing terminology**\n\nIn the nine months that have passed since that report was prepared, UNHCR has given\nfurther consideration to the \u2018asylum-migration nexus\u2019 and has chosen to distance itself\nfrom this concept and to replace it with the lengthier and more prosaic notion of\n\u2018refugee protection and durable solutions in the context of international migration\u2019.\n\nWhat exactly has prompted this change of terminology? Apart from the fact that the\ninternational migration space has become somewhat cluttered with nexi (e.g. the\n\u2018migration and development nexus\u2019, the \u2018migration and security nexus\u2019, and most\nrecently, the \u2018climate change and migration nexus\u2019) UNHCR has some serious\nintentions in adopting this new vocabulary.\n\nFirst, the asylum-migration nexus notion has become too closely associated with the\nissue of South-to-North population movements, when the reality is that some of the\nlargest migratory flows, and the vast majority of the world\u2019s refugees, are to be found\nin developing regions. By embracing the asylum-migration nexus concept, UNHCR\nwas reinforcing the widespread and misleading assumption that the most important\nmigration issue of our times concerns the movement of people from low-income\nregions to the industrialized states.\n\nSecond, UNHCR\u2019s terminological turnaround was prompted by the rather sad\nconclusion that the word \u2018asylum\u2019 (and even more so that of \u2018asylum seeker\u2019) now has\noverwhelmingly negative connotations in the minds of policymakers, the public and\nthe media, especially in the more prosperous regions of the world. The notions of\n\u2018refugee protection\u2019 and \u2018durable solutions\u2019 have a more positive resonance and also\nprovide a more direct link to the mandated functions of the organization.\n\nThird, and as a natural corollary of the preceding considerations, UNHCR recognizes\nthat the asylum-migration nexus concept has become a shorthand for a limited number\nof policy issues, most notably those of irregular movements, border controls, abusive\napplications for refugee status, as well as the return and readmission of asylum\nseekers whose claims to refugee status have been rejected. In other words, the asylummigration nexus concept tends to represent the agenda of the industrialized states - an\nagenda which can conflict with the protection mandate of UNHCR.\n\n\n2 For a relatively recent restatement of UNHCR\u2019s longstanding position, see Erika Feller, \u2018Refugees are\nnot migrants\u2019, _Refugee Survey Quarterly_, vol. 24, no. 4, 2005.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges**\n\n\nIn December 2007, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Antonio Guterres convened\na two-day meeting in Geneva that was titled a \u2018Dialogue on Protection Challenges\u2019. [3]\nIt was an unusual gathering in a number of ways.\n\nFirst, unlike the Executive Committee, which is comprised solely of states, the\nDialogue was opened to a wide range of stakeholders \u2013 governments, UN\norganizations, NGOs, civil society representatives and individual experts, all of them\nparticipating on an equal basis.\n\nSecond, whereas Executive Committee meetings are held in plenary throughout and\nare characterized by lengthy and formal prepared statements, most of the Dialogue\ntook place in four multistakeholder working groups, and was characterized by a far\nmore spontaneous and interactive debate than has ever been possible in the Excom\ncontext.\n\n\nThird, the High Commissioner attempted to use the opportunity provided by the\nDialogue to change both the content and the tone of the established discourse on the\nasylum-migration nexus. Thus in his opening statement, the High Commissioner\nasked, \u201cWhy have we chosen to focus this first Dialogue on the issue of refugee\nprotection, durable solutions and international migration? The answer to that question\nis to be found in the fact that human mobility is growing in scale, scope and\ncomplexity. New patterns of movement are emerging, including forms of\ndisplacement and forced migration that are not addressed by international refugee\nlaw.\u201d\n\n\n\u201cUnfortunately,\u201d he continued, \u201cthe debate about mobility and migration is not always\na rational one. Electoral opportunism, political populism and the sensationalist media\nhave combined to poison the debate on this issue, promoting a sense of fear,\nintolerance and rejection.\u201d\n\n\nSubsequent sections of the High Commissioner\u2019s opening statement were similarly\nadventurous, both in challenging the assumptions of some stakeholders and in\naddressing issues which have traditionally been considered to lie beyond the concern\nof UNHCR:\n\n\n\u201cWe must recognize that in the current and very dynamic phase of the\nglobalization process, migration is inevitable. It is an illusion to believe\nthat goods, capital, services and information can move increasingly\nfreely across state borders without a simultaneous expansion in the scale\nand scope of human mobility.\u201d\n\n\n\u201cInternational migration cannot be effectively managed by border\ncontrols or by migration policies alone. A more coherent,\ncomprehensive and integrated approach is required, incorporating\nappropriate initiatives in a wide range of other policy areas.\u201d\n\n\n3 All of the documents relating to the Dialogue have been published as a compilation and can be\naccessed at: http://www.unhcr.org/research/RESEARCH/47fe0e532.pdf.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cI encourage states to acknowledge the need to balance effective border\ncontrols with the provision of additional legal migration opportunities.\nIn an environment where irregular migration prevails, human traffickers\nand smugglers are bound to prosper. Irregular migration can only be\ncurtailed if people who want to move can aspire to do so in a safe and\nlegal manner.\u201d\n\n\n\u201cIn exactly a week from now, we will be celebrating International\nMigrants Day. Let us use that day, and let us use this Dialogue, to\nreaffirm the need to respect the rights of all those people who have left\ntheir own country, irrespective of their legal status or their motivation\nfor moving. In making that remark, I am not seeking an expansion of\nmy Office's mandate\u2026 I do believe, however, in the universality and\nindivisibility of human rights. By creating a global environment in\nwhich migrant rights are respected, we will also be creating an\nenvironment in which UNHCR can more effectively exercise its\nmandate for refugee protection and solutions.\u201d\n\n\n**Broadening the discourse**\n\n\nAs indicated in preceding section, UNHCR\u2019s discomfort with the notion of the\nasylum-migration nexus derives in part from an awareness that the concept has\nbecome associated with a narrow range of problems and policy issues, most notably\nthose related to the arrival of asylum seekers and irregular movements in the\nindustrialized states. In a discussion paper prepared for the December 2007 Dialogue\non Protection Challenges, UNHCR elaborated on this theme.\n\n\nThe paper opens with a strong statement about the nature of the agency and the\npurpose of its programmes. \u201cUNHCR is not a migration organization and does not\nconsider its role activities to fall within the function that is commonly described as\n\u2018migration management\u2019, a task which is undertaken by states and other international\nactors, most notably the International Organization for Migration.\u201d\n\n\nAt the same time, the paper suggests that there are numerous points at which issues of\nrefugee protection and international migration intersect, and which lead UNHCR to\nhave an active interest in the latter. Indeed, the underlying argument of the paper is\nthat if it is to exercise its mandate for refugee protection and solutions in an effective\nmanner, then UNHCR has an obligation to become involved in specific aspects of\ninternational migration, including those summarized below.\n\n\n_Mixed movements_\n\n\nRefugees and other migrants increasingly move alongside each other, often in an\nirregular manner, making use of the same routes and means of transport and engaging\nthe services of the same human smugglers. While UNHCR\u2019s primary concern in such\nsituations is to ensure that refugees have access to the territory and asylum procedures\nof states and are provided with international protection, the organization has, by\nmeans of its \u201810 Point Plan of Action on Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration\u2019,\nadopted an increasingly comprehensive approach to this phenomenon, addressing\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(and encouraging other stakeholders to address) the situation of all the people\ninvolved in such movements, and not just the refugee component. [4]\n\n\n_Stranded migrants_\n\n\nIrregular migrants who have left their own country for reasons unrelated to refugee\nstatus are often exposed to destitution, exploitation and human rights violations in the\ncourse of their journey and may become stranded in a transit country, unable to go\nhome or to move on. As a rights-based organization, UNHCR cannot ignore the plight\nof such people, even if it does not become operationally involved with them.\n\n\n_Mixed motivations_\n\n\nUNHCR maintains the position that it is possible to make a meaningful distinction\nbetween refugees and other people who are on the move. At the same time, the\norganization recognizes that people are prompted it leave their own country by a\ncombination of fears, uncertainties, hopes and aspirations which can be very difficult\nto unravel. UNHCR\u2019s primary concern in relation to this issue is to ensure that states\nhave high-quality RSD procedures, access to timely and accurate country of origin\ninformation, and that they apply the \u2018benefit of the doubt\u2019 principle.\n\n\n_Onward movements_\n\n\nRefugees often move on from the country where they have been given protection,\nwhile asylum seekers may transit through a number of different countries before they\neventually submit a claim to refugee status. UNHCR is grappling with the question as\nto whether such movements should be considered as part of the process of flight (in\nwhich case the people concerned are protected from refoulement) or whether they\nshould be considered migratory in nature (in which case they become subject to the\nimmigration controls of the country in which they have arrived).\n\n\n_Trafficking victims_\n\n\nWhile the victims of human trafficking do not normally leave their own country in\nsearch of international protection, such people may become of concern to UNHCR by\nvirtue of human rights violations experienced during the trafficking process, coupled\nwith the risk that they would be re-trafficked or subjected to ill-treatment should they\ngo back to their country of origin. Asylum seekers and irregular migrants who rely on\nthe services of smugglers may also become victims of trafficking, as can refugees\nwho are desperate to move on from the country where they have been granted asylum.\n\n\n4 The 10 Point Plan provides a framework for UNHCR, states and other stakeholders to address the\nphenomenon of mixed movements in a principled manner. The 10 points are: 1. Cooperation among\nkey partners. 2. .Data collection and analysis. 3. Protection-sensitive entry systems. 4. Reception\narrangements. 5. Mechanisms for profiling and referral. 6. Differentiated processes and procedures.\n7. Solutions for refugees. 8. Addressing secondary movements. 9. Return arrangements for nonrefugees and alternative migration options. 10. Information strategy.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Regular migration opportunities_\n\n\nAs indicated in the statement made by the High Commissioner, UNHCR has an\ninterest in promoting regular migration opportunities which avert the need for people\n(both refugees and others) to engage in irregular and dangerous forms of movement.\nThe organization is also eager to find such opportunities for people who have been\nrecognized as refugees but who are unable to remain or integrate in the country where\nthey have been granted asylum.\n\n\n_Migration as a solution_\n\n\nUNHCR has traditionally operated on the assumption that there are three solutions to\nrefugee situations: voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement, all of\nwhich are based on the notion that refugees should become fully-fledged citizens of\nthe country in which they reside. UNHCR now recognizes the advantages to be\ngained from enabling refugees to acquire the status of legal migrants in their country\nof asylum, thereby enabling them to remain there and to retain a place in the labour\nmarket, even if the causes of flight have disappeared in their homeland.\n\n\n_Migration and development_\n\n\nIn recent years there has been intense international interest in the issue of migration\nand development, much of it focused on issues such as migrant remittances, the\nmigration of skilled personnel and the contribution of migrants to the economies of\ndestination countries. Refugees have been largely absent (and to some extent\ndeliberately excluded) from this discourse, despite the direct relevance of these issues\nto people who have left their own country as a result of persecution and armed\nconflict. UNHCR\u2019s efforts to correct this omission constitute an important component\nof the organization\u2019s efforts to escape from the limitations of the asylum-migration\nnexus concept.\n\n\n_Displacement unrelated to conflict_\n\nWith the introduction of the Cluster Approach, UNHCR has become more\nsystematically involved situations of internal displacement caused by both armed\nconflict and natural disasters. A debate is now taking place with regard to the extent\nthat the organization should also play a role in situations where people are obliged to\nmove as a result of climate change, environmental degradation and conditions of\nserious economic and social distress.\n\nWhile UNHCR has firmly rejected the notion of \u2018environmental refugees\u2019 and\nopposes any extension of the 1951 UN Refugee Convention to include people who\nhave been displaced for reasons unrelated to persecution or armed conflict, a draft\nposition paper observes that \u201cUNHCR\u2019s own mandate has progressively and\npragmatically been extended over the years to persons considered to be in a \u2018refugee-like\u2019\nsituation\u2026 UNHCR could be called upon to become involved with those displaced for\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "environmental reasons who find themselves in a \u2018refugee-like\u2019 situation, should this be\ndeemed necessary by the international community. [5]\n\n\n**An evolving role**\n\nAt the end of the Dialogue on Protection Challenges, the head of one government\ndelegation approached another and whispered in his ear, \u201cUNHCR started this\nmeeting by telling us that they do not want to become a migration organization, and\nthen spend the next two days trying to convince us that\u2019s exactly what they should\nbecome.\u201d While the author of this paper would not concur with this interpretation of\nthe proceedings, the outcome of the Dialogue does appear to represent a significant\nstep in the evolution of UNHCR\u2019s role in relation to international migration.\n\nFirst, there was a broad consensus that the traditional UNHCR notion of \u2018people who\nare in need of protection\u2019 can no longer be restricted to refugees. As the Chairman\u2019s\nSummary observes, \u201cit has been repeatedly stressed that there are protection gaps\u2026\nthis especially applies to migrants who are deemed to be \u2018irregular\u2019 by the authorities,\n_who fall outside the international refugee protection framework_, but who nevertheless\nneed humanitarian assistance and/or different kinds of protection (emphasis added).\nEven more significantly, UNHCR was asked to play a \u2018convener role\u2019, establishing an\ninformal working group of international organizations and states that \u201cwould take a\nmore in-depth look into this question of existing gaps.\u201d\n\n\nSecond, while underlining \u201cthe primacy of state sovereignty\u201d in this area, the\nDialogue also mobilized support for a rights-based approach to the issue of\ninternational migration. According to the Chairman\u2019s Summary, \u201cyou have repeatedly\nemphasized the need to set in place specific rights-based methodologies and\napproaches to address these gaps, as well as the need for the human rights and dignity\nof all migrants to be at the core of all activities.\u201d At the same time, the Dialogue\nsupported the notion that \u201cthe issue of migrant rights could be given more prominence\nin the state-led Global Forum on Migration and Development,\u201d as well as in the many\nregional consultative migration processes that have been established in recent years. [6]\n\n\nThird, the Dialogue gave particular attention to the issue of irregular maritime\nmigration, \u201cplacing a primacy on the right to life and on the need to address\nhumanitarian concerns\u2026 regardless of meeting specific criteria for refugee status.\u201d\nMoreover, while its is generally recognized that most of the people travelling\nirregularly by boat in locations such as the Mediterranean, West Africa\u2019s Atlantic\ncoast and the Gulf of Aden are not refugees, UNHCR agreed at the conclusion of the\nDialogue to convene a meeting of the international organization\u2019s concerned (ILO,\n\n\n5 \u2018Climate change, natural disasters and human displacement: a UNHCR perspective\u2019, draft paper,\nPolicy Development and Evaluation Service, UNHCR, May 2008.\n6 As the Global Commission on International Migration has pointed out, \u201cthe officials participating in\nthese processes have generally represented ministries responsible for immigration, and it has therefore\nbeen difficult for such processes to engage in other important issues, such as the human rights of\nmigrants.\u201d _Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action_, Global Commission on\nInternational Migration, Geneva, 2005, p. 65.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMO, IOM, etc.) \u201cto work on an inter-agency plan of action relating to rescue-atsea.\u201d [7]\n\n\nFinally, while UNHCR has traditionally emphasized the need for states to accede to\nand respect the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and other instruments of international\nand regional refugee law, the Dialogue recognized the value of a broader approach. In\nthe words of the High Commissioner, \u201cyou encouraged my Office to continue to\nexplore innovative ways to use migration, labour and human rights frameworks as a\nmeans of strengthening protection in countries and regions that have not established\nlegal and policy frameworks relating specifically to refugees and asylum seekers\u2026\nYou also encouraged UNHCR to engage with states on how labour migration can\nbenefit refugees.\u201d\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nUNHCR is currently engaged in a difficult balancing act. On one hand, the\norganization recognizes the need to underline the distinctive status, rights and\nobligations of refugees, and is sensitive to charges that it wishes to extend its mandate\nto broader migration issues that lie beyond its legitimate concern. At the same time,\nUNHCR is aware that human mobility is growing in scope, scale and complexity, and\nacknowledges that other stakeholders, especially states, increasingly regard the\nmovement of refugees, asylum seekers and irregular migrants as part of a single (and\noften unwanted) phenomenon.\n\nBy insisting that it \u201cis not a migration organization\u201d, while at the same time going\nbeyond the narrow range of issues associated with the asylum-migration nexus\nconcept, UNHCR is seeking to resolve this dilemma in a manner that is consistent\nwith its principles and in a way that will satisfy the varying expectations of its\ndifferent constituencies: states in the North and South, other international\norganizations, as well as the NGO and human rights communities.\n\n\n7 The prominent role that UNHCR currently plays in relation to the issue of rescue-at-sea is to a\nsignificant extent a legacy of its extensive involvement with Indo-Chinese boat people in the 1970s and\n1980s.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19ecf742-e1be-3eb3-85dc-2a0a7edd60de/72464EB800A0A23CC125743D0049D7B6-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_194/raw/doc_194_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_194/raw/doc_194_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 10ec4000e36311a65990de42512e246be2bc6141..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_194/raw/doc_194_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,318 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhigher than in the first six months\nof 2018 (636). The majority of\nchildren, including UASC, were\nfrom Afghanistan, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, Iraq and the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo.\n\n\n\n\n\nslightly from 65% in JanuaryJune 2018 to 69% in 2019. Most\nchildren came from Morocco, the\nSyrian Arab Republic, Mali and\nGuinea. Most of them arrived by\nsea and rarely applied for asylum.\n\n\n\ncompared to the same period\nin 2018 (35). This meant the\nproportion of UASC arriving in\nBulgaria increased from 27% in\nthe first half of 2018 to 65% in\n2019. Most children were from\nAfghanistan, Iraq and the Syrian\nArab Republic. [6]\n\n\n1\n\n\n\nhas also decreased from 84%\nin January-June 2018 to 75%\nin 2019.\n\n\nMost children originated from\nTunisia, Pakistan, Bangladesh\nand Iraq. [5]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n#### Demographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n#### Greece\n\n\n#### Spain\n\n\n#### Italy\n\n\n\n**35%**\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**31%**\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival _Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA,_\n_Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgaria_\n_State Agency for Refugees,_\n_Bulgarian Helsinki Committee,_\nACCOMPANIED UASC _Spanish Ministry of Interior._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNationality of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country/Area of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country/Area of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n - Data for Greece only reflects sea arrivals as information on nationalities of children\narriving by land arrivals is not available.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n\n#### Age Breakdown of Accompanied and Unaccompanied Children by Country of Arrival\n\nAmong the 6,000 accompanied children who arrived in Greece\nand Bulgaria, 37% were 0 to 4 years old, 52% were 5 to 14 years\nold and 11% were 15 to 17 years old. An age breakdown for\naccompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Accompanied Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\n_Analysis of available data in Greece, Italy, Serbia and Bulgaria_\n_suggests a lack of systematic data collection disaggregated_\n_by age and sex, and limited information regarding_\n_unaccompanied girls in particular. While it is largely believed_\n_that most unaccompanied children arriving in Europe are_\n_boys, unaccompanied girls may inadvertently be overlooked_\n_due to challenges in identification and registration as such,_\n_for example because they are traveling with their husbands,_\n_children, or extended or unrelated families._\n\n#### Children in Reception as of June 2019\n\n\nGreece\n\n - An estimated **32,000** children were present in Greece\nas of June 2019, up from 27,000 in December 2018.\nOf them, 60% live in urban areas (apartments, hotels,\nshelters for UASC, self-settled, etc.); 26% live in\naccommodation sites and 1% live in safe zones for\nUASC [7] . A further 13% are in Reception and Identification\nCentres, which is a situation comparable to\nDecember 2018.\n\n\n - A total of **682** unaccompanied children remained in\nReception and Identification Centres [8] and **139** were\nin protective custody/detention (up from 86 in\nDecember 2018).\n\n\n - Out of the total 3,868 UASC present in Greece, **1,862**\nwere placed in dedicated accommodation for UASC\n(1,010 in long-term accommodation and another 852 in\ntemporary accommodation, such as safe zones and hotel\nfacilities) - a slight increase of 6% compared to December\n2018. Despite the progress in creating additional\naccommodation, however, the increased caseload of\nUASC in Greece meant that as of June 2019 more than\nhalf of all UASC present in Greece ( **2,006** ) remained\noutside appropriate accommodation, including 1,060\nUASC living in informal/insecure housing conditions.\n\n\nItaly\n\n - A total of **7,272** unaccompanied children (93% boys and\n7% girls) were present and registered in different types\nof accommodation at the end June 2019. This is a 45%\ndecrease compared to June 2018 \u2013 mainly due to a sharp\ndecrease in sea arrivals, as well as adolescents reaching\nadulthood.\n\n\n - Most of all registered UASC at the end of June 2019 were\nin shelters run by state authorities and non-profit entities\n(79% of the total in second-level reception centres and\n5% in first-level reception centres), while 6% were in\nprivate accommodation (family care arrangements).\n\n\n - Additionally, the Italian Government has reported **4,736**\nregistered unaccompanied children to be out of the\nreception system at the end of June 2019 (in December\n2018, this number stood at 5,230).\n\n\n - There is no information available on accommodation for\nchildren with their families in reception facilities.\n\n\n- For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 7,272 UASC registered in reception\naccording to the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies.\n\n3\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n**37%** **52%** **10%**\n\n\n\nBulgaria **33%** **36%** **30%**\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees_\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Italy, Greece and Bulgaria\nbetween January and June 2019 were between 15 and 17 years\nold (86% overall). Age disaggregated data on children arriving to\nSpain is not available.\n\n\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\nGreece **1%** **16%** **83%**\n\n\nItaly **1%** **6%** **93%**\n\n\nBulgaria **16%** **84%**\n\n\nSex Breakdown of Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys among arrivals remains high\n\n- nearly two-thirds of children who arrived through various\nMediterranean routes in the first half of 2019 were boys. Yet,\nthe proportion of girls arriving to Greece in the same period was\nsignificant - 42% of all child arrivals. This is due to the fact that\nchildren arriving to Greece are primarily accompanied, and the\nproportion of girls among accompanied children is overall much\nhigher as compared to children who travel alone.\n\n\nBOYS GIRLS\n\nGreece **58%** **42%**\n\n\nSpain **93%** **7%**\n\n\nItaly* **94%** **6%**\n\n\nBulgaria **83%** **17%**\n\n\n_Source:_ _Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for_\n\n_Refugees, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, Spanish Ministry of Interior_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n\n\nSpain\n\n- As of September, **13,400** unaccompanied and separated\nrefugee and migrant children were accommodated in\nspecialized government-run reception centres across the 17\nautonomous communities and the two autonomous cities\nof Ceuta and Melilla. Regions hosting the vast majority of\nUASC include Andalusia, Melilla, Catalonia, the Basque\nCountry and Madrid, yet no data is available on their number,\nage and gender.\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n- As of June 2019, a total of **156** children (85% boys and 15%\ngirls), including **54** UASC, were accommodated in reception\nfacilities in Sofia and southern Bulgaria. This represents a 27%\ndecrease in the number of children compared to December\n2018, mainly due to continued onward movements.\n\n- In mid-June 2019, a safe zone for unaccompanied asylumseeking children opened in the reception centre of Voenna\nRampa in Sofia. This is the first of its kind in the country,\nand currently 39 unaccompanied children (mainly from\nAfghanistan, Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan) benefit\nfrom its services.\n\n\nSerbia\n\n- A total of **825** children (18% girls and 82% boys) were\npresent in the country as of June 2019 - a 28% decrease\ncompared to December 2018, but slightly more compared to\nthe caseload in June 2018.\n\n- With **463** UASC present in June 2019, the proportion of\nUASC among all refugee and migrant children in Serbia\nincreased to **59%**, up from 42% in December 2018 (484).\nWhile the reception system for UASC continues to improve,\nthere are an estimated 100 UASC still out of appropriate\nlong-term or temporary care.\n\n- In June 2019, children made up **26%** of the total refugee and\nmigrant population accommodated in state reception and\naccommodation centres, down from 46% in\nDecember 2018.\n\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina\n\n- As of June 2019, **843** children (26% girls and 74% boys),\nwere present in different accommodation centres in\nBosnia and Herzegovina (state-run facilities, IOM-managed\nreception centres, shelters managed by NGOs) or awaiting\nthe registration of their asylum claim in registered private\naccommodation - a 43% increase compared to December\n2018. Of them, **267** (32%) were UASC, all of whom were\nboys. No data is available on the number of children among\nthe estimated 3,300 people privately accommodated or\nsquatting in other areas of the country.\n\n- Just over 80 children applied for asylum in the country (43%\ngirls and 57% boys) between January and June 2019.\n\n- 90% of all refugees and migrants continue to be located\nin Una Sana canton, where restrictions on freedom of\nmovement persist, while access to services and rights\nremains limited, especially for those residing outside of\nformal reception centres or NGO shelters.\n\n- Between January and June 2019, of the 11,041 refugees and\nmigrants identified by the Ministry of Security of Bosnia and\nHerzegovina, **227** were UASC.\n\n\n\nMontenegro\n\n- Since the beginning of 2019, there has been a steady\nincrease in refugees and migrants transiting through and\nstaying in Montenegro. As of June 2019, **23** accompanied\nchildren and **5** unaccompanied children (4% of the total\nnumber of refugees and migrants) were present in\nreception facilities in the country.\n\n- While the caseload appears to be manageable, there is a\nlack of appropriate accommodation and limited access to\nbasic services for children and families.\n\n\nCroatia\n\n- As of June 2019, **74** children, predominantly boys (54%)\nincluding a small number of UASC, were present in\nCroatia. In the first six months of 2019, 108 UASC were\nidentified by the Croatian border police, similar to 2018\nwhen 106 UASC were identified.\n\n- Accompanied children were accommodated in two\nreception centres for asylum seekers, while the child\nprotection authorities mostly accommodate UASCs\nin juvenile facilities around the country. The children,\nirrespective of their legal status, are largely entitled to the\nsame protection and care as Croatian children.\n\n\nHungary\n\n- As of June 2019, nine unaccompanied children below the\nage of 14 were accommodated in a designated children\u2019s\ncentre, while and a total of 32 young adults in aftercare\nlived in this facility and in two other children\u2019s centres.\n\n- In February 2019, the Hungarian Government announced\nthat the designated centre (which is part of a bigger\nchild care institution) would be relocated to another city\nlater this year. However, no further details have been\navailable so far which puts the already understaffed and\nunderfunded centre and the children accommodated\nthere in limbo.\n\n- As of June 2019, a total of 146 children were held in the\nRoszke and Tompa transit zones (85 boys and 61 girls),\nwhich was 55% of the total number of the then-asylumseeker population. Access to services from the transit\nzones including education, psychosocial and legal support\nis limited.\n\n\nRomania\n\n- Families with children, who do not have sufficient\nresources for private accommodation, are hosted in\nreception facilities managed by the national asylum\nauthority. During the first half of 2019, 760 asylumseekers, including **87** children and **60** UASC had\nbenefitted from accommodation in such facilities. Yet,\nas of the end of June, around 330 asylum-seekers and\nrefugees, including around 44 children and 16 UASC,\nwere present in reception managed by national asylum\nauthorities.\n\n- Those under the age of 16 are usually referred to national\nchild protection services, while older adolescents\ntypically remain in government-run reception facilities for\nasylum seekers and refugees of all ages.\n\nReception systems still vary greatly in quality across and\nwithin countries, and when inadequate, can pose protection\nrisks. The large number of children who are not in shelters\nhave either moved onwards or found themselves destitute\non the streets or in informal accommodation.\n\n\n_Source: EKKA- Greece, Ministry of Social Affairs- Italy, Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM_\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n#### Access to Education for Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe\n\n\n\n\n- Although all children have a fundamental right to basic\neducation, in practice the type, quality and duration of\nschooling offered to asylum-seeking, refugee and migrant\nchildren depends more on where they are in the migrant/\nasylum process than on their educational needs.\n\n\n- All European States that were affected by the 2015\u20132016\nrefugee and migrant crisis have made an effort to ensure\nchildren can go to school. In Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, for\nexample, **between 50% and 62%** of all school-age refugee\nand migrant children were **integrated into the formal**\n**education system** as of December 2018.\n\n- **Children of pre-primary and upper secondary ages**\n(3-5 years and 15+ years) are typically beyond the scope\nof national legislation on compulsory education and are\nconsequently often excluded from school integration\nprogrammes.\n\n\n\n\n- **Insufficient school capacity** both in terms of resources\nand staff trained to work with refugee and migrant children,\n**language barriers, psychosocial issues, as well as**\n**limited catchup classes** are among the most common\nchallenges faced by refugee and migrant children in need of\neducation. **Lack of information** on enrolment procedures\nand transportation to/from remote asylum facilities can also\npresent a barrier.\n\n\n- Students with a migrant/refugee background, especially\nnew arrivals, **may initially underperform** academically,\nespecially when they do not receive the required additional\nsupport. Yet, **their education performance improves**\n**significantly over time** when provided with adequate\nsupport, as many show determination to improve their\nprospects in life.\n\n\n_For more information see full_ _[Briefng paper.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71202)_\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\nDuring the first half of 2019, European countries [10] recorded some\n297,560 new asylum seekers. Nearly a third of them ( **94,040** )\nwere children. This represents a slight increase of **21%** compared\nto the same period in 2018.\n\n\nIn 2019, the largest proportion of child asylum seekers are from\nthe **Syrian Arab Republic** representing 21% of all child asylum\nseekers (compared to 28% in all of 2018). Other notable countries\nof origin among child asylum seekers include **Afghanistan** (9%),\n**Iraq** (8%), **Venezuela** (5%), **Eritrea** *(4%), **Nigeria** (4%), **Turkey**\n(3%), **Georgia** (3%), the **Islamic Republic of Iran** (3%) and **the**\n**Russian Federation** (3% each).\n\n\nIn general, **45%** of all child asylum seekers in the first half of 2019\nwere female, and originated from **Nigeria** (51%), **Venezuela**\n(49%), **Turkey** (48%), the **Russian Federation** (48%), **Syrian**\n**Arab Republic** (47%) and **Georgia** (47%).\n\n\nSimilar to previous years, **Germany** remained the top destination\nfor refugee and migrant children, registering 39% of all child\nasylum applications between January and June 2019 (36,590\nchildren). Other countries that recorded large numbers of child\nasylum seekers include **France** (11,560 children, 12%), **Spain**\n(10,120 children, 11%), **Greece** (9,314 children, 10%), and the\n**United Kingdom** (4,780 children, 5%). Greece remains the\ncountry with the highest number of first-time applicants relative\nto its population, while Spain has marked the sharpest increase\nin child asylum claims over the first six months of 2019 (double\ncompared to the same period in 2018).\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children between January\nand June 2019 - by Country of Asylum**\n\n\nCHILDREN UASC\n\n\n\nBetween January and June 2019, a total of **72,420** decisions\nwere issued by national authorities on child asylum claims across\nEurope. Yet, due to accumulated backlogs in national asylum\nsystems, over 168,320 asylum applications by children were still\nregistered as pending at the end of June 2019.\n\n\nOf all decisions issued in the first half of 2019, **59%** were\npositive, which is a slight increase compared to 2018 (56%), but\nsignificantly lower than in 2017 and 2016, when respectively 63%\nand 67% of children received positive asylum decisions.\n\n\n**72%** of all children who received positive decisions, were granted\n**refugee status**, while the remaining were provided subsidiary\nprotection. This represents a positive trend over the past years compared to 63% in 2018, 50% in 2017 and 53% in 2016.\n\n\nThis is particularly visible among Syrian children, for whom refugee\nstatus decisions increased from 62% in 2018 to 69% in 2019,\nwhile subsidiary protection decisions dropped from 27% to 20%.\n\n\nMany child asylum seekers received negative decisions, notably\namong those coming from North African countries (90% on\naverage), as well as children from Bangladesh (74%), Pakistan\n(68%) and Mali (59%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications\nbetween January and June 2019\n\n\n\nREJECTED ASYLUM APPLICATIONS\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS\n\n\n\nSUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\nHUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _Eurostat, Date: 13 September, 2018_\n\n\n\n\n- The information on nationality breakdown\nprovided in this report is based on the\nnationality declared by migrants as\nreported by the relevant authorities\nof the European countries.\n\n\n** The difference in numbers of arrivals and\nasylum applications can be explained by\nthe long waiting times before people can\nclaim asylum, backlogs in national asylum\nsystems, as well as the fact that applications\ncan be submitted by persons who have\narrived previously or did not necessarily\ncome through the Mediterranean Routes.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nDespite the official closure of the EU emergency relocation\nscheme, IOM has continued to support national authorities to\nrelocate migrants and refugees arriving by sea to EU Member\nStates through bilateral agreements between countries involved.\nBetween January and June 2019, a total of 16 unaccompanied\nchildren were relocated to Germany (7), France (6), and Ireland\n(3), primarily from Italy and Malta. Additionally, 67 unaccompanied\nchildren were transferred to the United Kingdom within the\nframework of the DUBS project, mainly from France (33), Greece\n(20) and Italy (14).\n\n#### Definitions:\n\nA **\u201cseparated child\u201d** is a child separated from both parents or\nfrom his/her previous legal or customary primary care-giver,\nbut not necessarily from other relatives. This may, therefore,\nmean that the child is accompanied by other adult family\nmembers.\n\n\nAn **\u201cunaccompanied child\u201d** is a child separated from both\nparents and other relatives and are not being cared for by any\nother adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so.\nUNHCR\n\n\nA **\u201crefugee\u201d** is a person who owing to a well-founded fear\nof being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is\noutside the country of his nationality and is unable to or, owing\nto such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of\nthat country (Article 1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\n#### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\nOf all returnees (1,885) from Greece to Turkey under the EUTurkey Statement between 2016 and June 2019, only 5% (93)\nwere children. All of whom were returned with their families.\n\n\n_Source:_ _[Returns from Greece to Turkey](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/70662)_\n#### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC\n\n\nBetween January and June 2019, IOM provided AVRR support\nto 28,502 migrants globally (5% more than the same period in\n2018). In general, 13% of them were children, including 549\nUASC. Overall, 14,881 AVRR beneficiaries were assisted to return\nfrom the European Economic Area and Switzerland, with 45%\n(6,715) assisted to return from Germany. 19% (2,701) of AVRR\nbeneficiaries from the European Economic Area and Switzerland\nwere children, including 62 unaccompanied and separated. Over\nhalf of the beneficiaries assisted to return from the European\nEconomic Area and Switzerland (7,705) returned to South-eastern\nand Eastern Europe. Another 19% (2,877) returned to the Middle\nEast and Northern Africa and 17% (2,595) went back to Asia and\nPacific region.\n#### Children Resettled to Europe\n\n\nOf the total 20,200 people being considered for resettlement\nin Europe as of June 2019, 51% were children (24% boys and\n27% girls). Children\u2019s resettlement cases in Europe were most\ncommonly considered by Germany, Sweden, Norway, France\nand the United Kingdom. The most common countries of origin\nof children being considered for resettlement included the Syrian\nArab Republic, Somalia, Sudan and the Democratic Republic\nof Congo.\n\n\n_Source: Europe Resettlement 2016, UNHCR_\n\n\n_Sources: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian State Agency_\n_for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR and UNICEF_\n\n\nAn **\u201casylum seeker\u201d** is a person who is someone who has\napplied for asylum and is **waiting for a decision** as to whether\nor not they are a refugee.\n\n\nDetermination of refugee status can only be of a declaratory\nnature. Indeed, any person is a refugee within the framework\nof a given instrument if he meets the criteria of the refugee\ndefinition in that instrument, whether he is formally recognized\nas a refugee or not (UNHCR Note on Determination of Refugee\nStatus under International Instruments UNHCR\n\n\nA **\u201cmigrant\u201d** refers to any person who is moving or has\nmoved across an international border or within a State away\nfrom his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the\nperson\u2019s legal status; (2) whether the movement is voluntary\nor involuntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4)\nwhat the length of the stay is. IOM\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to June 2019\n\n#### Limitations\n\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and\nchildren) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements\nare largely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which are\ndifficult to track. Where collected, data\nis rarely disaggregated by nationalities, risk category, gender\nor age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or\ncurrently residing in, different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by UASC is\nused to provide an indication of trends but does not necessarily\nprovide an accurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs in\nnational asylum systems, onward irregular movements or not\napplying for asylum at all. In addition, due to different definitions\nand national procedures and practices, collecting accurate\ndata on separated children specifically is very challenging (e.g.\nseparated children being registered as either accompanied or\nunaccompanied).\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n\n\nIn 2018, UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM, Eurostat and OECD issued\na [Call to Action: Protecting children on the move starts with](https://data.unicef.org/resources/call-action-protecting-children-move-starts-better-data/)\n[better data, which reiterates the fact that to ensure the](https://data.unicef.org/resources/call-action-protecting-children-move-starts-better-data/)\nprotection of children affected by migration, data on children\nshould be disaggregated by standard age categories, from\nearly childhood to adolescence; by other demographic and\nsocio-economic characteristics like disability, education\nlevel and whether they live with their parents; and by\nlegal status.\n\n\nThese messages were further reiterated and contextualized\nin UNHCR and UNICEF\u2019s suggestions for [Strengthening](https://www.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/2018-09/260418_UNICEF_UNHCR_Suggestions_Submission_EC_DG_Home_and_DG_Just_Final.pdf)\n[Current Data on Refugee and Migrant Children in the EU.](https://www.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/2018-09/260418_UNICEF_UNHCR_Suggestions_Submission_EC_DG_Home_and_DG_Just_Final.pdf)\n\n#### About the factsheet\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and\nUASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available official\nsources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions, profiling of\narrivals, relocation from Greece and Italy under the EU relocation\nscheme, as well as returns from Greece to Turkey under the EUTurkey Statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period from January to June 2019\nand is produced every six months to provide up-to-date information\non refugee and migrant children, including unaccompanied and\nseparated children.\n\n\n\n1 Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and\n\nreflects only sea arrivals for Greece and Italy. It does not reflect the recent\nsharp increase of land arrivals in Greece. Data for Spain includes both sea\nand land arrivals and is based on UNHCR estimates, pending provision of\nfinal figures by the Spanish Ministry of Interior. Figures for UASC are only\navailable for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or Melilla).\n\n2 Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their\n\nprevious legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from\nother relatives. These may, therefore, include children accompanied by\nother adult family members. Unaccompanied children are children who\nhave been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not\nbeing cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing\nso. (Inter-Agency Standing Committee)\n\n3 Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border\n\nactivities and are provided by Hellenic Police.\n\n4 During the same period of time, a total of 3,404 referrals were made to\n\nthe Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children\nidentified on islands and mainland Greece, including near the land border\nwith Turkey in January\u2013June 2018.\n\n5 Data on arrivals and demographics of refugees and migrants registered in\n\nItaly is based on information received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n6 Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees.\n\nObservations on data and trends that are not typically compiled by\ngovernment institutions are collected by the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee.\n\n7 Safe Zones are designated supervised spaces within accommodation sites\n\nwhich provide UAC with 24/7 emergency protection and care. They should\nbe used as short term (maximum 3 months) measures to care for UAC in\nlight of the insufficient number of available shelter places. Safe Zone priority\nis given to UAC in detention as well as other vulnerable children, in line with\ntheir best interests.\n\n8 Also referred to as \u2018hotspots\u2019.\n\n9 Under emergency regulations adopted by the Hungarian government in\n\n2017, unaccompanied and separated asylum-seeking children of and above\nthe age of 14 are confined to the transit zones for the duration of the asylum\nprocedure.\n\n10 European Union Member States + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Edgar Scrase**\nscrase@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Tsvetomira Bidart**\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\nizakoska@iom.int\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.7059653401374817, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5644264817237854, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9525185227394104, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5194064974784851, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on separated children", - "confidence": 0.7552269697189331, - "start": 154, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.6458682417869568, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU", - "confidence": 0.6111371517181396, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7377786636352539, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated children", - "confidence": 0.6575322151184082, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.7681700587272644, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8904117941856384, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5273790955543518, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6011039614677429, - "start": 422, - "end": 423 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9593111276626587, - "start": 337, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.5228694677352905, - "start": 446, - "end": 449 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9153653979301453, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.5076557397842407, - "start": 337, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR estimates", - "confidence": 0.9070634245872498, - "start": 496, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.549828827381134, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.5417881608009338, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Arrival figures for Greece", - "confidence": 0.9165055751800537, - "start": 612, - "end": 616 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Standing Committee", - "confidence": 0.6814928650856018, - "start": 607, - "end": 610 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7441452741622925, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5113243460655212, - "start": 681, - "end": 682 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5862218141555786, - "start": 709, - "end": 712 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.7822752594947815, - "start": 711, - "end": 712 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8fecd47-8900-3b56-ba3b-f56e93921fb0/72643.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_195/raw/doc_195_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_195/raw/doc_195_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ea14b97ef90408a99661bc0ac7bbd2c833fd8f5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_195/raw/doc_195_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 144**\n\n# **Fortress Europe and the Iraqi \u2018intruders\u2019:** **Iraqi asylum-seekers and the EU, 2003-2007**\n\n**Markus Sperl**\n\nMSc Candidate\nEuropean Institute\nLondon School of Economics and Political Science\nUnited Kingdom\n\nE-mail : markus.sperl@gmail.com\n\nOctober 2007\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nA full seven years ago, European leaders announced their intention to establish \u2018a\nCommon European Asylum System (CEAS), based on the full and inclusive\napplication of the Geneva Convention\u2019 [1] . In 2005, the first phase of the harmonisation\nprocess was completed with the adoption of four key pieces of legislation. Perhaps\nthe most important of these is the Qualifications Directive which aims to \u2018ensure that\na minimum level of international protection is available in all member states\u2026 and to\nreduce disparities between member states\u2019 legislation and practice in these areas\u2019 [2] .\n\n\nThe influx of Iraqi asylum-seekers since the invasion of the country by coalition\nforces in May 2003 has exposed the intention of European Union (EU) governments\nto harmonise their asylum systems to its first serious test. How have they acquitted\nthemselves? This is the principal question which this article seeks to answer. Sadly,\nthe data analysed hereunder show that so far there is little indication of better\nconvergence in national asylum practice or increased sharing of responsibility to\naccept asylum-seekers among EU states.\n\n\nThis apparent lack of progress is all the more disheartening if we consider that the\ntotal number of Iraqis who have been able to enter the EU is negligible compared to\nthe number of those who have been displaced by the crisis. Of the 2.5 million Iraqis\nwho fled the country since the invasion, only some 60,000 have deposited asylum\nclaims in the EU. The numerical disparity exposes another problem area which this\narticle aims to address. Not only are there continuing flaws in EU asylum policy, but\nthe EU also still lacks an adequate refugee policy which is capable of addressing the\ninternational dimension of displacement crises.\n\n\nThe distinction between asylum policy and refugee policy has often been neglected by\nboth the European press and policy makers alike. As signatories of the 1951\nConvention, all EU states have an asylum policy which provides the procedural\nframework necessary for the handling of those persons who succeed in crossing the\nborder into Europe in order to seek protection. As major donor countries and\nimportant players on the world political stage, however, EU member states also need a\ncomprehensive refugee policy which should provide the basis for a joint EU approach\nto the provision of refugee assistance in regions of origin and the establishment of\nresettlement programmes. It should also include the adoption of measures to ensure\nthat asylum-seekers are able to access the territory of a country of asylum in order to\nseek international protection [3] . As will be shown below, the lack of such a policy is\npainfully evident in the EU\u2019s poor response to the Iraqi refugee crisis.\n\n\n- Many thanks are due to Jos\u00e9 Riera, Andrew Harper, Susin Park, Stefan Sperl and Jeff Crisp for their\ninvaluable assistance with the production of this article.\n1 Tampere European Council, _Presidency Concusions 15 and 16 October 1999_, para. 13.\n2 European Commission, _Proposal for a Council Directive on minimum standards for the qualification_\n_and status of third country nationals and stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise_\n_need international protection_, p. 4.\n3 Joanne van Selm, 2005, _European_ _Refugee Policy: is there such a thing?_, in: New Issues in Refugee\nResearch \u2013 Working Paper No. 115, p. 1.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is probably fair to say that so far the most evident sign of a common EU refugee\npolicy is a negative one: it consists of preventing asylum-seekers from reaching the\nterritory of the Union in the first place. This much can be gauged from the difficulties\nand obstacles which Iraqi refugees face in trying to make the journey to Europe and\nwhich are the subject of the first part of this article. The second part presents and\ncompares national policies towards Iraqi asylum-seekers in Greece, the United\nKingdom, Germany and Sweden. These four states have been selected primarily\nbecause between them, they have received over two-thirds of all claims for asylum\nmade in the EU since 2005 [4] . In addition, each of these member states has adopted a\nposition towards Iraqis which is unique within the Union, amply demonstrating the\nextent to which national asylum policy continues to vary. The third part of the article\nexamines the implications of the EU response to the Iraqi refugees crisis for the future\ndirection of its common asylum and refugee policy.\n\n\n**Iraqis and the journey to the EU**\n\n\nAlthough Iraq has been a significant refugee-producing country for several decades,\nthe Iraqi displacement crisis has grown on an unprecedented scale in recent years, and\nin particular since the upsurge in sectarian violence since the February 2006 Samarra\nbombings. The steadily deteriorating security situation since the 2003 invasion has\nmade Iraq unacceptably dangerous for millions of its citizens. As UNHCR stated in\nits September 2007 eligibility guidelines on Iraqi refugees, \u2018the present situation in\nCentral and Southern Iraq is characterised by pervasive extreme violence, serious\nviolations of human rights and a general lack of law and order\u2019 [5] .\n\n\nFor Iraqis, seeking asylum in the EU is a dangerous and expensive luxury. EU\nmember states have effectively closed their borders to Iraqis, and coalition troops and\nembassies within Iraq do not accept asylum claims. The small-scale resettlement\noperation run by UNHCR offices in Damascus and Amman remains the only\npossibility open to Iraqis to seek protection from industrialised countries while\nremaining in their region of origin.\n\n\nIn stark contrast to EU states, Iraq\u2019s neighbours have shown themselves ready to\nassist persons displaced by the conflict. Indeed, it has been estimated by certain\nagencies that the number of refugees in Iraq\u2019s neighbours is greater than the total\nnumber of refugees currently residing in the entire European Union [6] . Jordan has\naccepted 750,000 Iraqi refugees, and as it was already host to a sizeable contingent of\nPalestinians, the country currently has the highest number of refugees per capita in the\nworld. Syria has accepted 1.4 million Iraqis. However, both countries have lacked\nthe absorption capacity and resources necessary to continue their generous policies \u2013\nJordan was forced to tighten border regulations in mid-2007 to stem the flow of\nrefugees, while Syria followed suit in September. Despite the obvious need for\nburden-sharing, EU member states have failed to facilitate access to their territory for\nIraqis, and therefore only a tiny proportion of those in neighbouring countries have\n\n\n4 See Annex for further details.\n5 UNHCR, _Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Iraqi Asylum-_\n_seekers_, August 2007, p. 9.\n6 Faisal al-Miqad, _Iraqi Refugees in Syria_, Forced Migration Review, June 2007, p. 20.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "reached the EU. Iraqi refugees wishing to seek protection in Europe face a long and\ndangerous journey, with the EU\u2019s strictly controlled borders as the final barrier.\n\n\nHowever, as the head of UNHCR\u2019s Iraq Support Unit, Andrew Harper, has pointed\nout, crossing the actual border into the EU is \u2018just another obstacle, another traumatic\u2019\nexperience which Iraqis must overcome when leaving their country. The beginning of\nthe journey within Iraq itself is fraught with difficulties. Violent attacks at false\ncheckpoints and criminal carjackings are just some of the risks involved in road\ntravel, and the rise of sectarian violence has made travel for Sunni and Shia wishing to\ncross an area controlled by the armed forces of a different sect perilous. As UNHCR\nhas stated in its September 2007 guidelines, \u2018the fact that Iraqis continue to travel\nshould not be taken as an indicator that travelling is safe. Rather Iraqis travel out of\nnecessity\u2019 [7] .\n\n\nIn order to stand a chance of being able to enter Europe legally, Iraqis must of course\nobtain a passport and a valid visa. Yet as EU countries do not accept the commonly\navailable \u2018S\u2019 series passport due to the large number of available forgeries, even this\ninitial procedure can pose great difficulties. They must now obtain the new \u2018G\u2019 series\ndocument, which is only available from one office in the whole country, situated in\ndangerous Baghdad [8] . Even if able to obtain this travel document, the next step of\nactually obtaining a visa from diplomatic representations of EU states in Iraq is\nvirtually impossible [9], and European governments have imposed strict penalties on\nairlines if they transport persons without valid papers. Not surprisingly, these\nobstacles have forced Iraqis to travel with false documents purchased on the black\nmarket, and human traffickers have been ready to further exploit the situation.\n\n\nGreece is the most common entry point into the EU for Iraqis. A large proportion\nenter the country after a treacherous journey across the quasi-border separating\nCentral and Southern Iraq from the northern KRG (Kurdish Regional Government)controlled regions, from where they cross the mountains into Turkey. Thereafter, they\ncontinue along the same routes as thousands of illegal migrants, arriving at one of the\nGreek islands by speedboat or crossing the Greco-Turkish land border. Alternatively,\nIraqis have reached the EU by air, first risking a trip to Baghdad airport along what\nhas been labelled \u2018the most dangerous road in Iraq\u2019 [10] . From here, industrialised\ncountries can be reached via flights to Damascus, Amman, Beirut or Dubai [11] . From\nGreece, Iraqis generally travel on before making an asylum claim, either to the\nnorthern European countries, or to Madrid from where the USA or Latin America can\nbe reached.\n\n\nDue to the costs involved, the Iraqis that have been able to leave, even to seek refuge\nin neighbouring countries, are generally the elite. Most of those who are currently in\nJordan and Syria belong to Iraq\u2019s well-educated middle-class, many of whom were\nable to cash in on their capital by selling property and cars at home in order to fund\nsettling in Damascus or Amman. As Andrew Harper has stated, \u2018by the very nature of\nmovement, the possibility of seeking asylum in Europe is limited to those sections of\n\n\n7 UNHCR (n5), _Eligibility Guidelines_, p. 154.\n8 Migration Policy Group, _Migration News Sheet_ April 2007, p. 13.\n9 Migration Policy Group, _Migration News Sheet_, February 2007 p. 15.\n10 UNHCR (n5), _Eligibility Guidelines_, p. 156.\n11Der Spiegel, _Iraq\u2019s Elite Fleeing in Droves_, 20 August 2007.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the Iraqi population with the greatest financial means at their disposal\u2019. The cost of\nreaching Europe from Iraq is generally estimated at $10,000. Those able to afford\nmaking the journey have either substantial financial resources or receive assistance\nfrom relatives in industrialised countries. The poorest are generally left behind.\n\n\nThe gates of fortress Europe being shut to immigrants and asylum-seekers alike,\nillegal entry remains effectively the only method of gaining access for both. The\ncurrent state of affairs seems beneficial only to smuggling networks which have no\nshortage of Iraqi clients desperate to escape the life-threatening situation in Iraq.\nContacting smugglers poses little difficulty \u2013 according to Interpol\u2019s Ralph Markert,\n\u2018if you want it, you can have it, in my view, everywhere in this region \u2013 Syria,\nLebanon, Jordan\u2019 [12] .\n\n\n**Inconsistent national policies towards persons with the same protection needs**\n\n\nBefore beginning the analysis of EU member states' national policies, a brief\nsummary of UNHCR\u2019s recommendations on the treatment of Iraqi asylum-seekers\nwill be given, as these provide a \u2018yard stick\u2019 for measuring the quality of protection\noffered to Iraqis in individual states. As the UN agency mandated to ensure that states\nuphold their obligations under the 1951 Refugee Convention, UNHCR regularly\nissues guidelines containing information from a large variety of sources to assist\nnational asylum authorities with refugee determination. Since the 2003 invasion,\nUNHCR\u2019s position has been that Iraqis asylum-seekers, in particular those from\nCentral and Southern areas, should be either recognised as refugees or provided with\nanother form of international protection.\n\n\nReturn Advisories issued by the UN Refugee Agency before the escalation of\nsectarian violence in September 2004 [13] and September 2005 [14] called for individual\nstatus determination to be carried out, with at least complementary protection for all\nIraqi asylum-seekers until an improvement in the security situation made return\nfeasible [15] . Guidelines released since the Samarra bombings in February 2006 have\ncalled more strongly for Iraqis to be granted refugee status. The most recent\nrecommendations of September 2007 have reaffirmed UNHCR\u2019s December 2006\nposition, stating that all Iraqi asylum-seekers from Central and Southern Iraq \u2018should\nbe considered as refugees based on the 1951 Convention criteria\u2019. For those not\ngranted refugee status, UNHCR continues to strongly recommend that \u2018international\nprotection should be afforded\u2019 through a complementary form of protection [16] .\n\n\nSince 2003, UNHCR has also maintained its opposition to imposing any forced\nreturns of failed Iraqi asylum-seekers because of security concerns, and has\ndiscouraged states from implementing voluntary return programmes to Southern and\nCentral Iraq which might encourage Iraqis to return home prematurely. The\norganization has also consistently stated that an Internal Flight Alternative (the\npossibility for Iraqis to find protection elsewhere in their country of origin) is\n\n\n12 International Herald Tribune, _Iraqis Turn to Gangs to Flee for Safety_, July 27 2007.\n13 UNHCR, _Advisory Regarding the Return of Iraqis_, September 2004.\n14 UNHCR, _Advisory Regarding the Return of Iraqis_, September 2005.\n15 See UNHCR, _Advisory Regarding the Return of Iraqis_, September 2004, p. 15 and UNHCR,\n_Advisory Regarding the Return of Iraqis_, September 2005, p. 2.\n16 UNHCR (n5), _Eligibility Guidelines_, p. 15.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "generally unavailable because of the widespread violence and difficulties associated\nwith travel. In addition, UNHCR has emphasized that despite the fall of the Iraqi\nBa\u2019ath government, those granted refugee status prior to 2003 due to a threat of\npersecution from Saddam Hussein\u2019s regime should not have their refugee status\nrevoked, due to the continuing unstable situation in the country.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s position regarding Northern Iraq has been slightly different. As the\nsituation in the three Kurdish-controlled Northern Governates has been markedly\nmore stable than in the rest of the country, the organization has stated that voluntary\nreturns to this region may be a possibility. However, this position has been strongly\nqualified \u2013 states wishing to voluntarily or forcibly return Iraqis to this region are\nencouraged to be sensitive to the unstable security situation, and to the position of the\nKRG. The KRG authorities have indeed stated that they \u2018strongly oppose\u2019 any\nforcible returns to Northern Iraq [17] .\n\n\nSeveral major international NGOs with expertise on refugee issues such as Amnesty\nInternational, the ECRE and Human Rights Watch have also issued declarations [18] on\nIraqi asylum-seekers containing calls consistent with UNHCR positions. In addition,\nthe International Committee of the Red Cross has, since 2004, indicated that the\ncurrent situation in Iraq qualifies as an \u2018internal armed conflict\u2019, confirming the\nseriousness of the country\u2019s security situation [19] . And at a major April 2007\nconference organized by UNHCR to draw international attention to the plight of Iraqi\nrefugees, both UN High Commissioner for Refugees Antonio Guterres and the UN\nSecretary General called on states to grant protection to Iraqi asylum-seekers.\n\n\nAs the following discussion will demonstrate, many EU member states have adopted\npositions which demonstrate an unwillingness to accept recommendations from\norganizations which are supposedly authorities on the subject of refugee protection.\nOnly a few states have granted Iraqis full refugee status, with many failing to provide\neven complementary protection. Greece, which has one of the lowest recognition\nrates in the EU for Iraqis, will be treated first, as it is the point of arrival for most\nIraqis. Thereafter, the generally restrictive but distinctively unique policies which the\nUnited Kingdom and Germany have adopted towards Iraqis will be looked at. And\nfinally, Swedish policy will be analyzed, as it is one of the few countries in the EU to\nhave gone against the grain and granted protection to a majority of Iraqis it has\nreceived.\n\n\n_Greece_\n\n\nAs mentioned above, Greece is the entry point to Europe for the majority of Iraqis.\n1,415 Iraqi asylum-seekers made claims in Greece in 2006, and with the increase in\n\n\n17 See _KRG_ _reiterates opposition to forcible returns of Kurdish asylum-seekers from Europe_, 22\nFebruary 2007, at http://www.krg.org/articles/detail.asp?lngnr=12&smap=&rnr=95& anr=16401; _KRG_\n_and UK Immigration Minister Discuss Kurdish Asylum-seekers_, 9 September 2005, at\nhttp://www.krg.org/articles/detail.asp?rnr=95&lngnr=12&anr=5898&smap.\n18 See for example Amnesty International, _Iraqi Refugees Need Urgent EU Action_, AI Index: MDE\n14/024/2007, 18 April 2007; ECRE, _Guidelines on the Treatment of Iraqi Asylum-seekers and Refugees_\n_in Europe_, April 2007; Human Rights Watch, _Iraq: From a Flood to a Trickle,_ April 2007.\n19 ICRC, _Iraq post 28 June 2004: protecting persons deprived of freedom remains a priority_, 5 August\n2004.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Iraqis heading to Europe, the country has subsequently received a greater number of\napplications in the first half of 2007 than for the whole of the previous year. Greece\u2019s\nposition as a border state of the EU is vitally important. However, concerns have\nbeen raised both about Greece\u2019s ability to identify those in need of protection among\nmigration flows heading towards the country, and about its comparatively underdeveloped asylum system. The country\u2019s handling of the Iraqis that have fled as part\nof the displacement crisis would certainly suggest that much must still be done to\nimprove Greece\u2019s ability to provide protection to refugees.\n\n\nThere have been worrying reports that Greece is preventing Iraqis who enter the\ncountry illegally from making asylum claims. Greek legislation clearly states that\nindividuals who express a wish to seek protection in Greece may not be deported until\na final decision on their claim has been reached. This also covers persons who have\nbeen detained as illegal entrants. However, according to the World Organization\nAgainst Torture, \u2018it has been a well established practice that the authorities dissuade\nsuch detainees from filing asylum applications\u2019 [20] . In addition, an August 2007\nstatement by 16 NGOs also indicated that the Greek Ministry of Public Order (MPO)\nhas begun deporting detained Iraqis to Turkey [21], from where forcible returns to Iraq\nhave occurred [22] . In 2006 alone the Greek Ministry of Public Order (MPO) arrested a\ntotal of 8,157 Iraqis as illegal entrants [23], so the numbers that could be affected by this\npolicy are considerable.\n\n\nAs for those Iraqi asylum-seekers who were able to deposit an official claim with the\nGreek authorities, the overwhelming majority of them saw their claims rejected in the\nfirst instance (the acceptance rate in 2006 was 0 per cent). According to Greek law,\nrejected asylum-seekers have the right to appeal, but in a unique move the Greek\nauthorities decided to freeze decision-making on all appeals from Iraqis who entered\nthe country since 2003. As a result, virtually all Iraqis who have claimed asylum in\nGreece since that date are still treated as asylum-seekers and have not been given any\nprotection status. The MPO ostensibly adopted this policy in order to protect Iraqis\nfrom possible rejection of their claims for asylum, which would mean that they would\nlose their right to remain in Greece [24] . However, the status of asylum-seeker does not\nprovide Iraqis with a durable solution, instead forcing them to survive on government\nsupport without the right to work for several years. Most Iraqis who reach Greece\nhave therefore chosen to travel north or west to claim asylum elsewhere.\n\n\nGreece\u2019s geographical position has added importance due to the EU\u2019s Dublin II\nRegulation, adopted as part of the first phase of harmonisation of asylum policies in\n2003. This requires EU members to return asylum-seekers who make a claim to\nauthorities in a country which is not their first point of entry to be returned to the first\nEU state where they could have claimed asylum, unless they have family ties to\n\n\n20 World Organization Against Torture, _Greece \u2013 Alleged Ill-treatment and fear of forcible deportation_\n_of Iraqi refugees_, 5 April 2007.\n21\n_Refoulement of Iraqi Citizens Fleeing to Greece \u2013 Common Statement by 16 NGOs_, 1 August 2007,\nat http://cm.greekhelsinki.gr/index.php?sec=194&cid=3167.\n\n22 UNHCR, _UNHCR deplores reported forced return of 135 Iraqis by Turkey_, UNHCR Press Release,\n26 July 2007.\n23 United Nations Information Centre Magazine, _How is the UN Refugee Agency dealing with Iraqi_\n_Refugees? A view from Greece_, April 2007.\n24\nibid.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "another state. Although reliable statistics are unavailable, it is therefore very probable\nthat a sizeable number of Iraqis have been returned to Greece by other EU states.\n\n\nHowever, the Greek treatment of Iraqi asylum-seekers demonstrates that in order for\nDublin II to work effectively, the level of protection and quality of asylum systems in\nEU states have to be similar. By introducing the Dublin II regulation before other\nDirectives which aimed to ensure that the harmonisation process had sufficiently\nraised the quality of all European asylum systems, the Commission therefore allowed\nthe return of asylum-seekers to countries where their claims might not be handled\nappropriately. Echoing calls made by UNHCR and NGOs to redress this problem, the\nEuropean Parliament in July 2007 therefore urged \u2018Member States not to transfer\npeople to another State under the Dublin II Regulation if it is known that that country\ndoes not properly consider Iraqi asylum claims\u2019 [25] .\n\n\n_United Kingdom_\n\n\nMuch criticism has been directed at both the UK and the USA for leaving Iraq\u2019s\nneighbours to shoulder the responsibility of assisting Iraqi refugees, despite their\ninstrumental roles in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. For Bill Frelick of Human Rights\nWatch, both countries are \u2018conspicuously failing to provide minimally adequate\nburden sharing to encourage Jordan and Syria to keep their doors open\u2019 [26] .\nRecognition rates for Iraqi asylum-seekers in the UK are low, and have dropped\ndrastically since the fall of the Ba\u2019ath regime, despite the unprecedented scale of the\ncurrent displacement crisis and the dire security situation in Iraq.\n\n\nBetween 1997 and 2001, an impressive 44 per cent of some 18,000 Iraqis who sought\nasylum on British soil were granted protection. However of the 1,305 Iraqis who\napplied for asylum in Britain in 2006, only 3 per cent received refugee status, 8 per\ncent were granted subsidiary protection, and a total of 88 per cent of claims were\nrejected. In 2004 and 2005, the recognition rate was even lower, with a mere 0.4 per\ncent of the 3,475 applicants recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention.\n\n\nThe British asylum authorities have rejected a number of important UNHCR\nrecommendations in their handling of Iraqi asylum claims. This can be clearly seen in\nthe UK Home Office\u2019s Operational Guidance Notes (OGN) on Iraq, which are the\nprimary source of information used by asylum officials in the status determination\nprocess. The OGN on Iraq of February 2007 openly states, for example, that\nUNHCR\u2019s position on the absence of any Internal Flight Alternative in Iraq is not\naccepted, as \u2018there is generally freedom of movement within the country and it is\nunlikely that internal relocation would be unduly harsh for men, and women with\npartners or relatives\u2019 [27] .\n\n\nIn addition, like several other EU states, the UK authorities have ruled that the current\nsecurity situation in Iraq does not, on its own, constitute sufficient grounds for\ngranting any form of protection. The February 2007 OGN states that \u2018unless the\nclaimant is at serious risk of adverse treatment over and above others\u2019 and can\n\n25 European Parliament, _Resolution of 12 July 2007 on the humanitarian situation of Iraqi refugees_,\npara. 9.\n26 Bill Frelick, _Iraqis denied the right to asylum_, Forced Migration Review, June 2007, p. 25.\n27 UK Home Office, _Operational Guidance Note Iraq_, February 2007, p 11.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "demonstrate \u2018that internal relocation would be unduly harsh\u2026 a grant of asylum or\nhumanitarian protection is unlikely to be appropriate\u2019 [28] . This condition therefore\nallows the British authorities to dismiss the majority of Iraqi asylum claims as\nunfounded, as most Iraqis have fled the generalized violence in their country, not a\nState policy of persecution which targets only certain individuals. The UK\u2019s stance\non this issue not only fails to recognize the real and significant nature of the threat\nwhich the continuing conflict in Iraq poses to its citizens\u2019 safety but, according to\nUNHCR, it also introduces requirements above and beyond the 1951 Convention,\nwhich contains \u2018no requirement\u2026 that an individual has to be \u201ctargeted\u201d in order to\nqualify for refugee status\u2019 [29] .\n\n\nThe UK government\u2019s reluctance to grant protection to Iraqi asylum-seekers has been\ncoupled with policies demonstrating a striking willingness to encourage both\nvoluntary and forcible returns to Iraq. In January 2005, the UK became the first EU\nmember state to conclude a Memorandum of Understanding on forced returns with\nthe Iraqi Interim Government [30] . As mentioned above, the newly-elected KRG\nauthorities thereafter registered their opposition to returning Iraqis home against their\nwill, yet nevertheless in November 2005, a first group of 15 Iraqi Kurds was indeed\ndeported to Northern Iraq. Several other planeloads of Iraqis have subsequently been\nreturned to the KRG-controlled areas, although the British authorities have so far\nrefrained from effecting deportations to Central and Southern Iraq.\n\n\nAll Iraqis whose asylum claims have been rejected in the UK are offered a place on\nthe Home Office\u2019s Voluntary Assisted Return and Repatriation Programme (VARRP)\nfor Iraq, which is run in conjunction with the International Organization for Migration\n(IOM). The programme provides considerable financial assistance to facilitate\nreintegration, allowing those willing to return to do so in a dignified manner.\nHowever, the voluntary nature of the choice to return is undermined by the UK\u2019s\npolicy of withdrawing even minimum financial support (so-called Section 4 Support)\nfrom those Iraqis who fail to sign up for the VARRP, even if they originate from the\nwar-torn Central or Southern regions. This has been the case since August 2005,\nwhen the British authorities stated that, due to the existence of a safe route of travel\ninto Iraq, all failed Iraqi asylum-seekers should return home. Faced with the\nalternative of destitution, several thousand Iraqis have therefore returned through the\nVARRP programme [31] . Yet although precise figures are unavailable, estimates\nsuggest that the majority of those whose claims have been rejected have preferred to\nstay in the UK, despite the fact that they have no right to work and no access to any\nform of financial support [32] .\n\n\nAs the UK Refugee Council\u2019s Gary Bell has pointed out, the UK\u2019s policy towards\nfailed Iraqi asylum-seekers has been consistent with recent practice of setting targets\nfor returns, and is further evidence of \u2018a greater readiness of the UK government to\nuse the language of return within days of a cessation of military action\u2019 [33] . However,\nreturning Iraqis home against their will in the midst of a growing refugee crisis serves\n\n\n28 ibid, p. 12.\n29 UNHCR (n5), _Eligibility Guidelines_, p. 9.\n30 Gary Bell, _Iraqi Refugees in London_, The Middle East in London, May 2007, p. 13.\n31 Home Office (n27), p. 38.\n32 International Herald Tribune, _Iraqis Receive Cold Greeting in London,_ 17 May 2007.\n33 Gary Bell (n30), p. 13.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to worsen the dire humanitarian situation, and sends out a negative signal both to\nother EU states and to Iraq\u2019s neighbours who are bearing the brunt of the refugee\ncrisis. At worst, this could encourage them to follow suit and enforce the premature\nreturn of the millions of Iraqis who have sought refuge on their soil.\n\n\n_Germany_\n\n\nIn 2006, Germany received 2,117 applications for asylum from Iraqis - the third\nhighest number in the EU. The country is already home to a sizeable Iraqi population,\nmany of whom were granted protection by the German authorities after fleeing\npersecution from Saddam Hussein\u2019s Iraq before the 2003 invasion. However, as in\nthe UK, the German government\u2019s generosity towards Iraqi asylum-seekers ended\nabruptly with the fall of the Iraqi Ba\u2019ath regime. The recognition rate for Iraqis has\nfallen from an average of 57 per cent between 1997 and 2001, to a mere 11 per cent\nfor the year 2006 \u2013 one of the lowest in the European Union.\n\n\nHowever, Germany has adopted another policy towards Iraqi refugees which has\ndistinguished it from all other EU states: the German Federal Ministry of the Interior\nhas taken the unique step of systematically revoking the refugee status of thousands of\nIraqis who were granted protection before 2003. The Ministry has defended this\npolicy stating that it is \u2018legally obliged\u2019 to undertake the revocations due to a standard\npractice of reviewing recognised refugee\u2019s cases every three years [34] . Since the threat\nof persecution from the Iraqi Ba\u2019ath regime is no longer present, 18,000 Iraqi refugees\nwho entered the country before the 2003 invasion have thus had their refugee status\nrevoked, placing them in a situation of uncertainty and precariousness.\n\n\nThis policy directly contradicts all UNHCR recommendations since 2003, and has\nbeen the subject of intense criticism from several quarters. As Human Rights Watch\nstated in a July 2007 letter to the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, the\nrevocation practice is contrary to international law as \u2018it fails to take into\nconsideration the question of the durability of changes in the country of origin\u2019 [35] . The\nletter also called on the German government to recognise that \u2018due to the generalised\nviolence and countless human rights violations which take place in Iraq, Iraqi refugees\nare once again entitled to protection\u2019 [36] . Criticism has also come from Members of\nParliament. Christoph Str\u00e4sser, spokesperson of the German Social Democrat Party\nfor human rights issues, criticised this practice for its consequences on integration, as\nit means that many Iraqis who have lived in Germany for several years are \u2018suddenly\nconfronted with an uncertain future\u2019 [37] .\n\n\nRecently, the sustained lobbying campaign against this policy seems to have paid off.\nIn June 2007, the German government asked the asylum authorities to temporarily\nsuspend the revocation of refugee status for certain groups of Iraqis such as those\n\n\n34 Tageszeitung, _Terror in Irak kein Grund zu Flucht_, 28 June 2007.\n35 _Brief_ _von Human Rights Watch an die Deutsche Regierung von Bill Frelick und Holly Cartner_, 10\nJuly 2007.\n36 ibid.\n37\nChristoph Str\u00e4sser, _Irakische Fl\u00fcchtlinge brauchen Solidarit\u00e4t und Sicherheit,_ 10 June 2007, SPDBundestagsfraktion, p. 2.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "from Baghdad, single women, and members of religious minorities such as\nChristians [38] .\n\n\nDespite this change in practice, the 18,000 Iraqis who have lost their refugee status\nremain in a precarious situation. Under Germany\u2019s asylum system, it is the Federal\nOffice for Migration and Refugees which is responsible for first instance asylum\ndecisions and revocation of refugee status, whilst the Aliens Authorities in each of the\n_L\u00e4nder_ are responsible for subsequent administration of residence permits and\ndeportations. Although the various German Aliens Authorities have not been\nconsistent in their rulings, many have chosen to withdraw long-term residence permits\nfrom Iraqis who have lost their refugee status. They are therefore granted the same\npermit as the many Iraqis whose claims for asylum have been rejected since the 2003\ninvasion: \u2018tolerated status\u2019 ( _Duldung_ ).\n\n\nGerman NGO Pro Asyl has described the provision of \u2018tolerated status\u2019 as a method\nof keeping asylum-seekers \u2018 _abschiebungsreif\u2019_, or \u2018ready for deportation\u2019 [39] . In effect,\nthis status places a failed asylum-seeker in a similar position to beneficiaries of the\nSection 4 Support in the UK to which rejected Iraqi asylum applicants were entitled\nuntil 2005. It is issued when deportation cannot be carried out for legal or factual\nreasons, and entitles the beneficiary to remain in Germany for a further six months,\nwith only minimal support and without any right to work. Yet the German authorities\nhave used _Duldungen_ as _de facto_ residence permits, issuing them consecutively to\ncertain persons for several years. It was estimated in April 2007 that 14,000 Iraqis\nwere living with \u2018tolerated status\u2019 in Germany [40], with the threat of possible imminent\ndeportation hanging over them.\n\n\nThis state of affairs is possible because, like in the UK, both the German asylum\nauthorities and the relevant courts have denied that the security situation in Iraq is\nserious enough to warrant any ban on returns as such. The Federal Administrative\nCourt ruled in June 2006 that \u2018voluntarily returning\u2019 to Iraq would not expose a failed\nasylum-seeker to \u2018an unacceptable level of danger\u2019, and therefore the Aliens\nAuthorities are not obliged to provide all Iraqis with humanitarian residence permits\n( _Aufenthaltserlaubnis_ ) [41] . The same ruling stated that the lack of any reliable flight\nconnection into Iraq was the only remaining barrier to the deportation of failed Iraqis\nwho no longer had the right to remain in Germany, opening the way for forcible\nreturns to Iraq to commence.\n\n\nFollowing the British example, the German Federal Interior Minister was therefore\nasked in November 2006 by the Interior Ministers of the _L\u00e4nder_ to begin negotiations\nwith the Iraqi authorities on a Memorandum of Understanding on returns to Northern\nIraq [42] . Reports indicate that the first forcible deportations of Iraqis to the KRG\n\n38 _Erlasslage :Widerruf von Fl\u00fcchtlingsanerkennungen irakischer Staatsangeh\u00f6riger,_ 4 July 2007, at\nhttp://www.migrationsrecht.net/content/view/929/55/.\n39 Tageszeitung (n34).\n40 Estimate taken from _Deutschland will offenbar Fl\u00fcchtlinge in den NordIrak abschieben_, NGO\nOnline, 20 April 2007, at http://www.ngo-online.de/ganze_nachricht.php?Nr=15793 .\n41 See Bundesverwaltungsgericht, _Humanit\u00e4re Aufenthaltserlaubnis f\u00fcr abgelehnte Asylbewerber aus_\n_dem Irak?_, Pressemitteilung Nr. 36/2006, 27 June 2006.\n42Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, _R\u00fcckf\u00fchrungen in das autonome Kurdengebiet im_\n_Nordirak_, 17 April 2007, available at http://irak.antira.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/irak-erlassbayern-17-4-07.pdf .\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "controlled regions took place in the summer of 2007, with Bavaria and Lower Saxony\nthe first States to issue the relevant decrees [43] .\n\n\n_Sweden_\n\n\nUnlike the three countries treated above, the Swedish response to the Iraqi refugee\ncrisis has been unique due to its exceptional generosity. The country has a population\nof only 9 million, but in 2006 it granted protection status to more Iraqis than in all\nother EU states combined. However, the Swedish case has also demonstrated that\nwithout support from fellow European states, any country opting to \u2018go it alone\u2019 and\nprovide a higher level of protection to a certain group of asylum-seekers will\ninevitably become a destination of choice \u2013 a fact which in itself will have inevitable\nrepercussions on the policy the country adopts in the longer term.\n\n\nAlthough the rate of Iraqis who actually received refugee status has been generally\nlow in Sweden since the invasion of Iraq, the country has qualified many more Iraqi\napplicants as \u2018persons in need of protection\u2019 for non-Convention reasons. In 2005\nonly 0.1 per cent of Iraqis were recognised as refugees, but the total recognition rate\nincluding those granted complementary protection was a relatively high 24 per cent.\nIn the year 2006 however, recognition rates leapt to a total of 91 per cent. How and\nwhy did this happen?\n\n\nThe Swedish Migration Board decided in early 2006 that all Iraqi asylum-seekers\nfrom Central and Southern Iraq whose claims had been rejected as part of the normal\nstatus determination process would nevertheless receive a permanent residence\npermit. This step was taken due to the fact that, as stated in UNHCR guidelines, no\nreturns to these dangerous areas would be possible in the foreseeable future. Instead\nof spending years awaiting deportation as failed asylum-seekers with only minimal\nrights as in Germany or the UK, the majority of Iraqis in Sweden were therefore able\nto begin the process of fully integrating into Swedish society with a secure legal\nstatus.\n\n\nIn the context of the generally low recognition rates for Iraqis in other EU states,\nSweden\u2019s generosity led to a surge in the number of applications received from Iraqis.\nNumbers jumped from 2,330 in 2005 to 8,951 the following year, with a further 1,500\nnew arrivals per month in the first half of 2007. Most of these persons have joined\nthe existing Iraqi community in Sweden in municipalities such as Malm\u00f6 and\nS\u00f6dert\u00e4lje, with the scale of the influx to these areas forcing newcomers to live in\nvery poor conditions. Speaking in June 2007, S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje\u2019s mayor Anders Lago\ndescribed the situation as being close to breaking point, with the authorities barely\nable to provide basic services and many newcomers sharing apartments with up to\nfifteen people [44] .\n\n\nFaced with a lack of assistance from the EU and other European states, the Swedish\ngovernment made efforts to draw further attention to the Iraqi displacement crisis and\nencourage others to help Sweden with the burden it was bearing. Speaking after he\nhad raised these issues at a February 2007 meeting of the justice and interior ministers\n\n\n43 Migration Policy Group, _Migration News Sheet_, June 2007, p. 17.\n44 International Herald Tribune, _Cold Comfort in Sweden for Iraqi Refugees_, 13 June 2007.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of EU states, Migration minister Tobias Billstr\u00f6m said: \u2018There must be solidarity\nbetween EU states so that more of us share the responsibility for offering protection\u2026\nit is important to be prepared in case the situation in Iraq deteriorates further\u2019 [45] .\nHowever, the EU Commission only committed itself to providing limited financial\nassistance to states facing an influx of refugees [46], and the Swedes received no\nguarantees from other EU states that they too would provide asylum to more Iraqis.\nSpeaking on behalf of the EU justice and interior ministers in April 2007, the German\nMinister of the Interior Wolfgang Schaeuble summed up the general mood among\nEuropean governments, saying \u2018the situation is not such at the moment that we have\nto start emergency measures\u2019 [47] .\n\n\nJuly 2007 finally saw the Swedish Migration Board bring its policy towards Iraqi\nasylum-seekers more in line with that of the majority of EU states. \u2018If they [Iraqis]\nare not personally threatened or harassed, they cannot remain in our country\u2019, said the\nMigration Board Director Dan Eliasson [48] . In order to be granted asylum, Iraqis would\nthereafter have to demonstrate that they had individual protection needs, and the\naforementioned practice of automatically granting residence permits was ended. Like\nin Britain and Germany, this policy was justified by legal rulings which denied that\nthe generalised violence in Iraq was serious enough to warrant granting protection on\na group-base. The SMB stated that it was bound to follow three separate rulings from\nthe country\u2019s highest migration court; these denied that the situation in Iraq amounts\nto an internal armed conflict. Despite his role as Migration minister, Tobias Billstr\u00f6m\ndenied responsibility for the policy change, stating \u2018we look on this from a purely\nlegal point of view\u2026 this is not something for me, or the Swedish government, to\ndecide\u2019 [49] .\n\n\nThe influx of Iraqis which Sweden received as a result of its generous asylum policies\nhas proved that the phenomenon of \u2018asylum shopping\u2019 which the EU has attempted to\nprevent through harmonisation is alive and well. It is now expected that Sweden will\nagain receive half of the 40,000 Iraqis expected to seek asylum in the EU in 2007. In\nthe absence of internal EU border controls, Iraqis have understandably chosen to head\nto the country which was the most sensitive to their protection needs.\n\n\n**The treatment of Iraqi asylum-seekers in the context of the current process**\n**establishing a Common European Asylum System**\n\n\nMember states have so far demonstrated a general unwillingness to follow UNHCR\nrecommendations and grant protection to Iraqi asylum-seekers. The preceding\nanalysis has identified several similarities in the methods used to implement\nrestrictive policies. For example, in Germany, the UK and more recently Sweden,\nlegal arguments have been used to deny that the security situation is serious enough to\nwarrant granting some form of protection to all Iraqi from Central and Southern areas,\n\n\n45European Voice, _Commission seeks to help Sweden with Iraqi refugees_, 22 February 2007\n46 International Herald Tribune, _EU nations see no urgent need to take in more Iraqi refugees_, 20 April\n2007\n47 ibid\n48 International Herald Tribune, _Sweden, A European Haven for Iraqi refugees, starts shutting the door_,\n6 July 2007\n49 Reuters, _INTERVIEW \u2013 Swedish Minister insists Iraqi asylum policy fair_, 10 July 2007 at\nhttp://today.reuters.com/News/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=L09885483\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "despite this ignoring UNHCR recommendations. And with the exception of Sweden,\nall of the countries focused on in this article have failed to grant any secure legal\nstatus to the great majority of Iraqi asylum-seekers which they have received, despite\nthe likelihood that many of them will be unable to return home for several years due\nto security concerns.\n\n\nNevertheless, in light of the fact that the EU begun the process of harmonising\nnational asylum policies a full seven years ago, the disparities in treatment of Iraqis\nare certainly more striking than the similarities. There are marked differences with\nserious consequences for Iraqis in the policies adopted by all of the four states which\nhave been looked at. While the Swedes distinguished themselves by automatically\ngranting asylum to most Iraqis in 2006, the Greeks have taken the unique step of\nsuspending decision-making on all claims. Germany has been the only EU Member\nState to systematically revoke the refugee status of Iraqis who were granted protection\nprior to 2003. And the UK decided well before its European neighbours that rejected\nIraqi asylum-seekers would be expected to return to their unstable homeland. The\nexamples highlighted in this article represent only a handful of the many serious\ndiscrepancies which experts have pointed out [50] .\n\n\n_The EU Qualifications Directive and subsidiary protection_\n\n\nIn the light of the fact that the EU Qualifications Directive aimed to reduce disparities\nin national asylum policies, many have questioned whether the divergent Iraqi\nrecognition rates indicate that it is incapable of harmonising national policies in this\nfield. However, making this assumption would be premature \u2013 only six EU states had\nactually transposed the Directive into their national legislation by the October 2006\ndeadline set by the Commission. It will be several years before the Qualifications\nDirective is transposed into all national legislation and fully influences legal practice.\n\n\nNevertheless, the treatment of Iraqi claims for asylum seems to confirm fears\nexpressed by UNHCR and others that there are flaws with the subsidiary protection\nregime introduced by the Qualifications Directive. States are required to grant\nsubsidiary protection to those who do not qualify for refugee status, but would be at\nrisk of \u2018serious harm\u2019 if returned to their homeland. Article 15c of the Directive\ndeclares that a \u2018serious and individual threat to a civilian's life or person by reason of\nindiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict\u2019 would\nwarrant granting this type of protection. Hopes were therefore raised that it would\nimprove treatment of Iraqis who had fled the violence in their homeland [51] . However,\nas UNHCR has noted, Article 15c is flawed because it requires an individual threat to\nbe present for subsidiary protection to be granted, which fails to acknowledge that\n\u2018situations of generalized violence are characterised precisely by the indiscriminate\nand unpredictable nature of the risks civilians may face [52] \u2019.\n\n\n50 For further examples see ECRE Guidelines (n18).\n51 See for example Pro Asyl, _Schutz vor Abschiebung in bewaffnete Konflikte - BMI will EU-Standards_\n_nicht umsetzen_, 29 November 2006. Pro Asyl states that \u2018as there is currently an internal armed\nconflict which is characterised by the random use of violence in Iraq and Afghanistan, asylum-seekers\nfrom these countries have a right to protection under this [Qualifications] Directive\u2019.\n52 UNHCR, _Annotated Comments on the EC Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on_\n_Minimum Standards for the Qualification and Status of Third Country Nationals or Stateless Persons_\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Precisely the same criticism could be made of the handling of Iraqi asylum claims of\ncountries such as the UK and Germany, who have required Iraqis to demonstrate that\nthey are at risk above and beyond the general population. In dealing with Iraqi\nasylum-seekers, national asylum authorities have shown themselves to be apt at\nfinding legal arguments to deny that group-based protection should be provided. The\nIraqi case therefore suggest that Article 15c will most probably not lead to those\ndisplaced by the general effects of armed conflicts receiving even a minimal level of\nprotection throughout the EU.\n\n\n_The Temporary Protection Directive_\n\n\nAnother piece of EU legislation, the Temporary Protection Directive, could have led\nto Iraqis being provided with effective short-term protection if European states had\nchosen to invoke it. Adopted by the European Council in July 2001, this Directive is\nactivated when the EU is faced with a \u2018mass influx of displaced persons\u2019 [53], which\nmakes individual status determination impractical. It contains provisions for burden\nsharing among member states accepting a large proportion of the displaced, and grants\nthem a secure legal status with guaranteed access to accommodation and social\nbenefits. However, so far, states have judged that the number of Iraqis in the EU does\nnot constitute a \u2018mass influx\u2019, and the Temporary Protection Directive has not been\ninvoked.\n\n\nThis decision is understandable due to the comparatively small number of Iraqis who\nhave actually been able to enter the EU to seek protection. The 2006 figure of under\n20,000 is after all substantially less than the 2002 equivalent of 50,000. However, as\nmentioned above, the fact that so few Iraqis have claimed asylum in Europe has less\nto do with the gravity of the current refugee crisis, and much more to do with the\ndifficulty of gaining entry into the EU. Apparently activation of the Temporary\nProtection Directive is dependent only on how many Iraqis are able to breach fortress\nEurope and illegally enter the EU.\n\n\n_The Common European Asylum System \u2013 what prospects?_\n\n\nEU member states\u2019 diverging treatment of Iraqi asylum claims clearly demonstrates\nthat the first phase of harmonisation has so far failed to lead to a convergence in\nnational asylum practice or increased sharing of the responsibility to accept asylumseekers among EU states. Nevertheless, it would be unfair to place the blame for this\nsituation solely on faults in the actual EU Directives. Delays, firstly in the adoption of\nthe Directives, and secondly in their transposition into national legislation, have meant\nthat the EU continues to move only very slowly towards harmonisation. Despite their\nshortcomings, hope remains that once the \u2018building blocks\u2019 of the first phase of\nharmonisation have fully influenced national practice, disparities will become less\nextreme.\n\n\n_as Refugees or as Persons who otherwise need International Protection and the Content of the_\n_Protection granted_, p. 32.\n53 _Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary_\n_protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of_\n_efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof_, art\n5(1).\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Rather than proving that harmonisation has so far failed, Europe\u2019s response to Iraqi\nasylum-seekers represents a _missed opportunity_ . Faced with the first major refugee\ncrisis on Europe\u2019s doorstep since Kosovo, the EU itself and its member states have so\nfar failed to collectively address evident flaws in the EU protection system and\nimprove the level of protection provided to Iraqis through the mobilisation of political\nwillpower. Doing so would not only have been a strong demonstration of burden\nsharing with Iraq\u2019s neighbours who continue to bear the brunt of the refugee crisis. It\nwould have shown the world that through cooperation, European states have the\nability to collectively fulfil their obligations to refugees under international law. As it\nis, the EU has once again shown a divided and weak face to the international\ncommunity.\n\n\nBut most importantly of all, recent asylum policy towards Iraqis has once again\ndemonstrated the need for all EU states to have, as former High Commissioner Ruud\nLubbers stated, \u2018similar asylum systems of equally high quality\u2019 [54] : the successful\ncompletion of the Common European Asylum System is therefore a necessity.\nWithout this, any country which chooses to adopt policies which are more generous\nthan the generally low European average risks becoming the destination of choice for\nasylum-seekers and can face an influx which it may be unable or unwilling to cope\nwith. As Sweden\u2019s Tobias Billstr\u00f6m has commented, \u2018the irony of the matter is that if\nwe did all have the same asylum rules, then more Iraqis would have had the\nopportunity to find protection in Europe. But whilst some countries do nothing,\nothers are doing a lot\u2019 [55] . Implicit in Billstr\u00f6m\u2019s statement is the condition that the\nlevel of protection provided by a future CEAS must be markedly higher than that\noffered to Iraqis by the many countries who \u2018do nothing\u2019.\n\n\nYet with so many European states still willing to leave others to fulfil their\nresponsibility to protect refugees, it may be that the only way the EU will ever be able\nto ensure that European asylum policy is characterised both by a high level of\nsolidarity between states _and_ a high level of protection would be through jointly\nprocessing asylum claims. Whether the European Commission will be able to\nconvince these reluctant member states to either relinquish national competence in\nthis matter or sufficiently raise the bar remains to be seen.\n\n\n_European \u2018refugee\u2019 policy \u2013 conspicuous in its absence_\n\n\nAlthough the EU is indeed developing a common internal asylum policy, its handling\nof the Iraqi displacement crisis has shown that it still has no \u2018refugee policy\u2019 which\ntakes into account the international dimension of refugee crises. In particular, the\nIraqi case once again demonstrates that the European Union still urgently needs\nmechanisms to ensure that refugees are able to legally access its territory in order to\nseek protection. This despite the fact that as far back as 1999, the European Council\nceremoniously stated in its Tampere Declaration that \u2018it would be in contradiction\n\n\n54 Ruud Lubbers, _EU should share asylum responsibilities, not shift them_, UNHCR Analysis/Editorials,\n5 November 2004.\n55 Die Presse, _\u201cUS Asyl f\u00fcr Iraker w\u00e4re Signal der Niederlage\u201d \u2013 der Schwedische Innenminister \u00fcbt_\n_Kritik an den USA und fordert einheitliche EU-Asylregeln_, 24 August 2007.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with Europe\u2019s traditions to deny such freedom [of access] to those whose\ncircumstances lead them justifiably to seek access to our territory\u2019 [56] .\n\n\nHowever, with current EU policy continuing to focus on keeping migrants out, only a\nhandful of the two million displaced Iraqis have made it to Europe, and those who\nhave are often forced to line the pockets of criminal smugglers to do so. In 2004,\nLubbers reminded member states that \u2018a policy built on exclusion is not only morally\nreprehensible, it is also impractical: it will simply push all forms of migration,\nincluding refugees further underground\u2019 [57] . Sadly, his prediction has rung true in the\ncase of Iraqi refugees\n\n\nResettlement of the most vulnerable Iraqi refugees to EU member states with\nUNHCR\u2019s assistance could have allowed this problem to be bypassed. There is a\nheavy UNHCR presence in both Jordan and Syria. But with only seven EU member\nstates operating resettlement schemes and these countries so far unwilling to raise\ntheir limited quotas to accept more Iraqis, this avenue has been insufficiently explored\nand has benefited only a few hundred Iraqi refugees up to now.\n\n\nThe EU has also so far failed to put together a major aid package to assist Iraqi\nrefugees in their region of origin, despite the conference which UNHCR organized in\nApril 2007 to sensitise the international community to the humanitarian crisis facing\nIraq\u2019s displaced and to promote concrete actions and commitments to address these\nneeds. European governments assisted in providing the additional $60 million which\nUNHCR appealed for to continue its programme of assistance to Iraqi refugees, and\nEU Officials stated after the conference that \u20ac20 million would be donated to support\nIraq\u2019s refugee-hosting neighbours. However, these figures pale into insignificance\nwhen compared with the actual cost of assisting the two million Iraqi refugees [58], or\nindeed with the \u20ac720 million which the EU Commission provided to assist with the\nreconstruction of Iraq between 2003 and 2006.\n\n\nThere are signs that the EU is attempting to address the flaws in its refugee policy.\nThe Commission claims that as part of the second phase of the building of a CEAS,\nattaining a \u2018substantial and sustained EU commitment to resettlement\u2019 [59] and\nimproving the European management of migration flows are among its priorities.\nHowever, if the EU wishes to become a real global player in refugee issues, it is vital\nthat this rhetoric translates into action.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nJudging by the findings of this article, the response of the EU and its member states to\nthe Iraqi refugee crisis has been generally disappointing. The following issues stand\nout in particular:\n\n\n56 Tampere Declaration (n1), para. 3.\n57 Ruud Lubbers (n54).\n58 Jordan, which is hosting less than half of the total of displaced Iraqis, has estimated that the presence\nof Iraqis will cost its economy $1 billion per year.\n59 European Commission, _Green Paper on the future Common European Asylum System_, 6 June 2007,\npara. 5.2.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - EU member states have adopted divergent policies towards Iraqi asylumseekers, not just in terms of recognition rates but also regarding a variety\nof other important issues such as forcible returns and the status accorded to\nthose whose asylum claims are rejected.\n\n - A large number of European states have failed to provide even a minimum\nlevel of protection to Iraqis. With some notable exceptions (such as\nSweden), most have demonstrated a general unwillingness to follow\nUNHCR recommendations to grant protection to all asylum-seekers from\nCentral and Southern Iraq.\n\n - It seems highly unlikely that the subsidiary protection regime introduced\nby the Qualifications Directive will in its present wording increase the\nlevel of protection provided to asylum-seekers who have fled the effects of\nan armed conflict in their homeland such as the one in Iraq.\n\n - By providing no reasonable alternatives, Europe\u2019s border policy continues\nto force asylum-seekers to enter the EU illegally.\n\n - Despite the presence of over 2 million Iraqi refugees at Europe\u2019s doorstep,\nthe EU has failed to take steps such as increasing national resettlement\nquotas, providing substantial aid or activating the Temporary Protection\nDirective which could have provided clear demonstrations of burdensharing with Iraq\u2019s neighbours.\n\nIn a July 2007 declaration on the Iraqi displacement crisis, the European Parliament\ncalled on member states to \u2018overcome their position of non-action towards the\nsituation of Iraqi refugees and to fulfil their obligations under international and\nCommunity law\u2019 [60] . With no political solution to the conflict in Iraq in sight, it is\nlikely that the continuing refugee crisis will provide Europe\u2019s governments with\nample opportunity to live up to these recommendations. Nevertheless, the story so far\nprovides little ground for optimism.\n\n\n60 European Parliament (n25), para. 8.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex \u2013 Statistics**\n\n_Table 1 \u2013 Recognition rates for Iraqis in the EU in 2005 (in %)*_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Applied
during year|Otherwise
closed|Refugee
status|Overall protection
rate (Refugee status
+ complementary
protection|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Austria|221|41|55|80|\n|Belgium|357|60|16|16|\n|Cyprus|144|83|66|83|\n|Denmark|264|0|1|7|\n|Finland|289|15|0|100|\n|France|124|0|16|16|\n|Germany|1,983|10|3|4|\n|Greece|971|19|0|0.2|\n|Ireland|55|18|19|19|\n|Netherlands|1,620|15|2|68|\n|Slovakia|35|54|4|4|\n|Sweden|2,330|9|0.7|24|\n|United Kingdom|1,595|14|0.3|10|\n\n\n\n- Only states which made more than 100 decisions in either 2005 or 2006 are included \u2013 first instance procedures\nonly. All statistics from UNHCR.\n\n_Table 2 \u2013 Recognition rates for Iraqis in the EU in 2006 (in %)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Applied
during year|Otherwise
closed|Refugee
status|Overall protection
rate (Refugee status
+ complementary
protection)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Austria|380|40|48|74|\n|Belgium|695|30|8|13|\n|Cyprus|132|46|0|81|\n|Denmark|507|0|0|2|\n|Finland|225|15|6|63|\n|France|116|0|10|23|\n|Germany|2,117|24|7|11|\n|Greece|1,415|11|0|0|\n|Ireland|215|6|50|50|\n|Netherlands|2,766|23|1|18|\n|Slovakia|206|65|0|0|\n|Sweden|8,951|12|3|90|\n|United Kingdom|1,305|12|3|12|\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Table 3 \u2013 Iraqi asylum applications received in the European Union Jan-Jun 2007_\n_per country*_\n\n|Country|Total
Jan-June 2007|\n|---|---|\n|Austria|188|\n|Belgium|372|\n|Bulgaria|192|\n|Denmark|449|\n|Germany|817|\n|Greece|3,483|\n|Ireland|141|\n|Italy|109|\n|Netherlands|562|\n|Spain|1,491|\n|Sweden|9,330|\n|UK|670|\n\n\n\n*Countries with more than 100 applications\n\n_Table 4 \u2013 Total Iraqi asylum applications received in the European Union 2004-2007_\n\n|Year|Total|\n|---|---|\n|2004|8,384|\n|2005|10,829|\n|2006|19,496|\n|2007 Jan-June|18,290|\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95e4baaf-0208-3d17-9b9e-ce65bbd3a60e/72F17DABB50B92B5C12573750041D77C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_196/raw/doc_196_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_196/raw/doc_196_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 135e59e4031eb66c9b0a36050e06d7621e7fbdbb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_196/raw/doc_196_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1551 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nThis Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was initiated by\n\n\nUNHCR sub-office in Cox\u2019s Bazar in mid-April, to have a\n\n\nbaseline on Non-Food Item (NFI) distribution through feedback\n\n\nfrom refugees, including on the quality, usefulness and\n\n\nsufficiency of items. The previous PDM on NFIs was conducted\n\n\nin September 2018. UNHCR would like to thank its staff\n\n\nmembers and the Multi-Functional Team who provided\n\n\nsupport and guidance for the planning and the finalizing of\n\n\nthis exercise, and the members of the refugee community\n\n\nwho participated by providing their valuable feedback.\n\n\n~~**CONTACT US**~~\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\nEmail: **bgdcoim@unhcr.org**\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\nBottled gas scheme eases fuel crisis for Rohingya refugees in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Roger Arnold\n\n\n2 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9772804379463196, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "baseline on Non-Food Item (NFI) distribution", - "confidence": 0.5588789582252502, - "start": 30, - "end": 38 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9337395429611206, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5737141370773315, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9196479916572571, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n#### Contents\n\n\n**Introduction** **4**\n\n\nBackground 4\n\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) 5\n\n\nMethodology 6\n\n\n**Findings and Comparative analysis** **8**\n\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile 8\n\n\nKey findings 8\n\n\nQuality of items 10\n\n\nSufficiency of items 10\n\n\nUsefulness of items 11\n\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement 12\n\n\nUse of items 13\n\n\nDistribution process 14\n\n\nUse of help desks 17\n\n\nPreferred type of assistance 18\n\n\n**Recommendation and way forward** **19**\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nBangladesh. Spacious and safer, Kutupalong work improves refugees\u2019 quality of life @UNHCR/Roger Arnold\n\n### Introduction\n\n\nBackground\n\n\nEvents in August 2017 in Rakhine State, Myanmar, forced over 741,000 [1] Rohingya refugees to seek safety in\nBangladesh. Half of the refugees (55%) are children. Within two months of the first arrivals, the number of refugee\npopulation in Cox\u2019s Bazar district quadrupled, which made it the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world. The\ninflux continued over the subsequent months with more refugees arriving by foot and by boat. Most of them arrived without taking their belongings or cash.\n\n\nUNHCR was among the first humanitarian organisation to respond to the refugee influx through provision of lifesaving assistance. A package of blankets, plastic sheets, sleeping mats, family tents, kitchen sets, jerry cans and\nbuckets were distributed initially to 250,000 individual refugees within weeks after their arrival. By the end of\nMarch 2019, UNHCR had distributed 102,317 Core Relief Item (CRI) kits to newly arrived refugee households, each\ncontaining a tarpaulin, a kitchen set, two blankets, a jerry can, a bucket, two sleeping mats and a solar lamp.\n\n\nUNHCR also supported shelter for refugee families. Up until December 2018, 90,569 families received an Upgraded Shelter Kit (USK) consisting of mulli-type [2] and borak-type [3] bamboos, rope, plastic tarpaulins, sandbags\nand toolkits, to reinforce their shelters for the monsoon season. By April 2019 UNHCR started to distribute shelter\nrepair and replacement assistance to more than 40% of households assessed to have bad shelter and deemed\nvulnerable in camps in UNHCR-managed areas.\n\n\n1. UNHCR Population factsheet as of 31 March 2019. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar_refugees\n\n\n2. UNHCR Bangladesh specifications: Min 16 feet long. Circumference 2\u201d nominal or 3\u201d nominal. Mix of sizes is acceptable (https://www.dropbox.\ncom/s/c28fwb8bqkjiviw/Bamboo%20specifcations.pdf?dl=0)\n\n\n3. UNHCR Bangladesh specifications: Min 25 feet long; At least 8\u201d (eight inch) perimeter measurement at 1/3 length from the toe of the Barak Bamboo.\nNo insect defect in the circumstances of the Borak Bamboo No split ends. (https://www.dropbox.com/s/c28fwb8bqkjiviw/Bamboo%20specifcations.\npdf?dl=0)\n\n\n4 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Population factsheet", - "confidence": 0.9985296726226807, - "start": 326, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7031016945838928, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UNHCR-managed areas", - "confidence": 0.9316551685333252, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7959783673286438, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.907967746257782, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9408048987388611, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Bangladesh specifications", - "confidence": 0.9067849516868591, - "start": 338, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6537172198295593, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.5706955194473267, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nUNHCR, in close collaboration with partner agencies and other humanitarian actors, continues to support the\nGovernment of Bangladesh in responding to the refugee crisis by ensuring relief items are prepositioned and\ndelivered to the most vulnerable refugees in a timely manner. A significant effort has been made to pre-position\nemergency relief items in case of disaster striking the camps. Facilities for the distribution of materials were improved in the camps during 2018 and 2019. Furthermore, a Global Distribution Tool was introduced to speed up\nthe recognition of beneficiaries and align the accounting of materials distributed with the registration data on\nrefugees coming from a joint UNHCR-Government of Bangladesh registration process, reducing the potential for\nmultiple distributions to the same recipient.\n\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM)\n\n\n\nUNHCR uses Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a\nmechanism to collect refugees\u2019 feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilisation and effectiveness of assistance they received. It is conducted after the distribution of relief items is completed. Two PDMs on\nNon-Food Item (NFI) distributions were conducted in\n2018. One in March 2018 covering the period from\nthe beginning of the refugee influx in August 2017\nand a second PDM in August 2018 covering specifically, items provided to beneficiaries during the first\nmonsoon season. The current PDM exercise covers\nthe period from September 2018 up to March 2019. A\ntotal of 2,467 households who received NFIs from\nUNHCR took part in this PDM exercise.\n\n\n\nLiquid petroleum gas (LPG) canisters are stored, waiting to be distributed,\nat the transit centre in Camp 17 of Kutupalong refugee settlement @\nUNHCR/Santiago Escobar-Jaramillo\n\n\n\nThis third PDM exercise covers the distribution of seven types of NFI packages by UNHCR and partners to\nRohingya refugees from September 2018 to March 2019. It includes Compressed Rice Husk (CRH) [4], Core Relief\nItem (CRI) [5], USK [6], Tie-Down Kit (TDK) [7,8], WASH Hygiene Kit [9], Female Hygiene Kit [10 ] and Liquefied Petroleum Gas\n(LPG) [11] . LPG distributions in the pilot phase in September 2018 was not included in the previous PDM.\n\n\n4. Since May 2018, UNHCR has increase the quantity of Compressed Rice Husks (CRH) from one to two bags of 19 kg for families with sizes of 7\nand above. 705,782 bags of CRH were distributed from January to August 2018 in all camps where UNHCR was directly distributing non-food items.\nDistribution of CRH was progressively phasing-out with introduction Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in September 2018. 236,167 bags of CRH were\ndistributed from September 2018 to March 2019.\n\n\n5. Core Relief Items (CRI) - a kit contains sleeping mats (5 pieces); blanket (5 pieces); jerry can (1 piece); solar lamp (1 piece); bucket (1 piece); plastic\nsheet (1 piece); kitchen set (1 pack). 46,750 families received CRI during January \u2013 August 2018 whereas 10,284 families received CRI during September \u2013\nMarch 2019.\n\n\n6. Upgraded Shelter Kit (USK) contains rope (30m); tarpaulin 4 x 5m (2 sheets); bamboo \u2013 borak (4 pieces); bamboo \u2013 mulli (60 pieces); sandbag (20\nbags); tool kit (1 kit / 5 families); wire (wire is part of pre-monsoon kits not included in the USK). 62,815 USK were distributed during January to August\n2018 whereas 7,524 USK were distributed during September \u2013 December 2018. It has been decided not to distribute the full kit in 2019, changing the\ncontents and modality with needs-based shelter repair and replacement assistance.\n\n\n7. Tie-Down Kit (TDK) comprises iron pegs (6 pieces); 60m of rope (1 piece) and wire (1 kg). Since September 2018 to as of March 2019, UNHCR has\ndistributed 10,782 TDK.\n\n\n8. The Post-Disaster Kit (PDK) is distributed to a refugee family who is directly affected by the monsoon rains. The kit is distributed separately from other\nNFIs. A kit contains Synthetic sleeping mats (2); tarpaulin 4x5 m (1); plastic bucket (1); rope (60m); wire (1kg) and aqua tabs (130). As of December 2018,\nUNHCR has prepositioned 190,000 Post-Monsoon Kits in the camps under UNHCR site management. UNHCR has discontinued the distribution of PDK in\nin 2019 and instead planning to distribute Emergency Shelter Kit related to monsoon season through its partners.\n\n\n9. WASH Hygiene Kit contains drinking water pot (jerry can) 10 liters (4 pieces); jug with lid- plastic (toxin free) (1 piece); mug- made of plastic (5 pieces);\npotty for safe children excrete disposal (1 piece); bodna, large (1 piece); brush for latrine cleaning (1piece); sandal for latrine use for children (1 piece);\nsandal for latrine use for adults (1 piece); disposable nappies (1 piece); detergent powder (2 packs); bathing soap (5 bars); laundry soap (10 bars);\nnon-disposable sanitary cloth (6 pieces); gamcha (local towel) (2 pieces); nail cutter (1 piece); heavy duty plastic bucket w/Lid \u2013 15-litre capacity (1 piece).\nFrom September 2018 to March 2019, UNHCR has distributed only 86 WASH Hygiene Kits.\n\n\n10. A Female Hygiene Kit consists of reusable sanitary napkins (3 packs x 6 pieces); female underwear (3 pieces); 125ml antiseptic liquid (4 bottles);\n100mg bath soap (8 bars); 130mg laundry soap (8 bars) and 5-lt plastic bucket (1 piece) for female refugees aged 12 to 59 years old every six month.\nFrom September 2018 to March 2019, UNHCR has distributed 39,510 Female Hygiene Kits.\n\n\n11. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was introduced in Bangladesh Operation in September 2018 as an alternative to address the stress on the forest due\nto the use of firewood for cooking. The distribution of LPG (gas cylinder and stove) is included in a comprehensive response for the overall Bangladesh\noperation and target all refugee household including 20,000 host community household around camps under UNHCR site management.\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.617976188659668, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.8088505864143372, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8107271790504456, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.8298057317733765, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8012153506278992, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9723686575889587, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDMs", - "confidence": 0.6788240075111389, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9691376090049744, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9216231107711792, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nDistribution of Shelter Kits and Toolkits \u00a9 UNHCR/Caroline Gluck\n\n\nSince November 2017, UNHCR distributed CRH briquettes as a cooking alternative to wood to reduce the need\nfor firewood collection. UNHCR started to scale down the distribution of CRH briquettes in the last quarter of 2018\nwhile introducing LPG as an alternative source of energy. In April 2019 the CRH package was distributed to 2,673\nfamilies. LPG is a cheaper, more sustainable and cleaner form of fuel for cooking than CRH. It has fully replaced\nthe distribution of CRH in all camps under UNHCR site management with 87,785 households receiving LPG cylinders and refills by the end of March 2019. Following a pilot in the host community, 606 households are currently also benefitting from LPG cylinders and refills. An assessment is ongoing looking at the targeting of 20,000\nhost community households.\n\n\nMethodology\n\n\nFor this PDM exercise, sampled households were selected with 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of\nerror. In order to ensure that a minimum target number of respondents was met for the desired level of precision, a 10% buffer was added, bringing the total randomly selected households to approximately 143 per\ncamp. A total of 2,467 households were interviewed by 60 trained independent enumerators from 18 to 25\nApril 2019. The survey was conducted in 16 refugee camps (see map 1) where UNHCR and partners are directly distributing non-food items. Data was collected using a Kobo [12] online data collection system.\n\n\n12. Form based data collection tool, for more information go to the websites (https://kobo.unhcr.org/https://www.kobotoolbox.org/)\n\n\n6 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7290318012237549, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6885877251625061, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8941203951835632, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "16 refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.6446487307548523, - "start": 252, - "end": 255 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7660149335861206, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5998504757881165, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host community households", - "confidence": 0.6802510023117065, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo", - "confidence": 0.7530022859573364, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.872742235660553, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nAs a lesson learnt from the second PDM, a qualitative survey is now incorporated into the PDM exercise on NFIs on\nrecommendation of UNHCR\u2019s Multi-Functional Team. For the third survey a total of 8 Focus Group Discussions\n(FGD), including 4 female and 4 male groups, were held from 28 to 29 April 2019 in 4 camps with a team of 8 UNHCR\nstaff. Six trained enumerators also assisted as translators and facilitators [13] .\n\n### Findings and comparative analysis\n\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile\n\n\nAbout 43% female and 57% male refugees provided feedback on various items distributed in different camps. The\nmajority of surveyed refugees (66%) were aged between 26 to 59 years old, while 25% were aged between 18 to\n25 years old, and only 1% were below 18 years of age. About 8% of refugees were above 60 years of age. More than\n86% of surveyed refugees were heads of household, which was 39% female and 61% male.\n\n\n\nForty four percent (Chart 1) of surveyed refugees reported having specific needs. Of the 44% who reported hav\nmore than 10 family members.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_13._ UNH _C_ R Bangladesh PDM concept note and FGD guidance and instruction (https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0mvj2g4rgiqvs6j/AACOIxa7YBeHkuUfh3MkGSja?dl=0) .\n\n\n_14._ Meet minimum quality standard for NFI approved by Shelter/NFI Sector in Cox\u2019s Bazar.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative survey", - "confidence": 0.6321697235107422, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "qualitative survey", - "confidence": 0.5536558628082275, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.8240368962287903, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8742647767066956, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "4 camps", - "confidence": 0.5493389964103699, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9031066298484802, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Some highlights of the survey:**\n\n\n - About 29% of surveyed refugees stated they\npreferred a combination of in-kind and cash\nassistance, a decrease from the 56% reported in the September 2018 PDM exercise.\nHowever, the value increased for the preference for cash assistance with 27% of surveyed refugees stating it as their preference.\nIn September 2018 the value was 24%.\n\n - About 73% of surveyed refugees reported receiving sufficient quantities of items as compared to 59% surveyed in September 2018.\nThis finding indicates an improved distribution planning and implementation that meet\nthe stated needs of targeted beneficiaries.\n\n - Almost all refugee respondents surveyed\n(99%) reported using the kits received. Approximately 1% stated they stored the items.\nLPG scored the highest (4.26) in usefulness\nby almost 100% of surveyed refugees, followed by the Shelter Kit (4.19), CRHs and Female Hygiene Kits (4.15).\n\n - LPG distributed since September 2018 received the highest score (4.21) on quality\namong all seven NFI packages. The Female\nHygiene Kit scored next with 4.08 followed\nby the Shelter Kit with 4.04. Laundry soap\nfrom the WASH Hygiene Kit, reusable sanitary napkins and female underwear from the\nFemale Hygiene Kit received the same score\nof 4.13 (the highest score for particular items).\n\n - Refugees reported the organisation of the\nNFI distribution with a score of 3.9 (0.1 less\nfrom the previous survey in September). 97%\n(Chart 9) of the surveyed refugees rated the\ndistribution process as average or above average with a score of 3.0 points or more on a\nLikert scale.\n\n - An average of 2% of surveyed refugees reported problems during distribution and 1%\nof the surveyed refugees reported a problem\nafter distribution. Most of the refugees expressed concerns over long waiting times, a\nlimited number of distribution points, and the\ndistance to and from distribution points. Seventy-five percent of the surveyed refugees\nstated that the distribution site was far from\ntheir shelters, as compared to September\n2018 PDM where 79% of the refugees made\nthe same statement. 10% of refugees report\n\n\nPOST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\ned paying between BDT10-200 to collect\nand transport their relief items from distribution points to their shelters as compared to\n27% of refugees reporting portering payments in the September 2018 PDM.\n\n- The average waiting time at distribution centres was about 177 minutes (close to 3 hours)\nas compared to the time cited in the\nSeptem-ber 2018 PDM where the average\nwaiting time was 1.5 hours.\n\n- About 77% of refugees stated that they received information on distributions and their\nentitlements prior to the NFI distribution, as\ncompared to 53% in the September 2018\nPDM. Similar to the September PDM 2018,\nthe majority of surveyed refugees identified\nmajhis (block leaders appointed by the army)\nas the main source of information (38%), followed by UN/NGO staff (34%). 82% of the\nsurveyed refugees received information on\ntheir items during distributions compared to\nwhat was reported in the September PDM\nwhere information sharing during distributions was reported by less than 23% of surveyed refugees.gave the same statement.\n10% of refugees reported paying between\nBDT10-200 to collect and transport their relief items from distribution points to their\nshelters as compare to 27% of refugees reporting payment in September 2018 PDM.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6335198879241943, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8985828757286072, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6055518984794617, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8500360250473022, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.9718162417411804, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.6813948154449463, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7637857794761658, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5305895209312439, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9458531737327576, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.506646990776062, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5528889298439026, - "start": 649, - "end": 650 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9164322018623352, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5616937875747681, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9861881136894226, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nQuality of items\n\n\nOverall, the quality of items received was rated 4.1 [15 ]\n\n\non a 5-point scale. The same score was received in\nthe PDM conducted in September 2018 which was a\n0.2 increase on the results in the first PDM (March\n2018). The findings reveal that the standards applied\nsince September 2018 PDM have been maintained.\n74% of the surveyed refugees who received the seven NFI packages rated the quality of items as high,\nscoring above 4.0 point.\n\n\n\n**Chart 2:** Score on quality of items\n\n\n\nLPG scored the highest among all seven NFI packages with 4.21 (Chart 2), while among the items distributed, laundry soap, reusable sanitary napkins and female underwear were all rated as the highest in quality\namong the items, with 4.13 (Chart 3). Underwear for children in the WASH hygiene kit was the least rated among\n\n\nthe above average items (3.81).\n\n\n**Chart 3:** Score on quality of items\n\n\nAlmost all refugees also expressed their satisfaction with regards to the quality of items received during the 8\nFGDs conducted in 4 refugee\u2019s camps. Only one item (solar lamp) was flagged during one FGD for its poor quality. Refugees reported that the lamps stopped working after a week of use and in some cases, it was not charging at all. They suggested instead, distribution of lamp with battery.\n\n\nSufficiency of items\n\n\nSeventy-three percent of the refugee respondents reported receiving a sufficient quantity of items. This\nfigure represents a 14% increase compared to the results in the September 2018 PDM when only 59% of the\nrespondents reported they received a sufficient quantity of items.\n\n\nLPG was rated by the refugees as the package most meeting their needs in terms of sufficiency of item\nprovided, with 80% of the respondents reporting that it was enough. Pre-Monsoon kit was the second most\nappreciated package by the refugees for its sufficiency with 78% of the respondents reporting it was enough\n\n\n15 On a scale of 1 \u2013 Very Poor; 2 \u2013 Poor; 3 \u2013 Average; 4 \u2013 Good and 5 \u2013 Very Good\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9257078170776367, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.526118278503418, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7252956032752991, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7979376316070557, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Score on quality of items", - "confidence": 0.623465359210968, - "start": 198, - "end": 203 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee\u2019s camps", - "confidence": 0.8057974576950073, - "start": 225, - "end": 229 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.605110764503479, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9218196868896484, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7681670784950256, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8405581116676331, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9461079835891724, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8179661631584167, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LPG", - "confidence": 0.7036219239234924, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5188436508178711, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6175687313079834, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9483075141906738, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nto meet their needs. This score is 12% less than the survey result from September 2018 PDM when the PreMonsoon Kit was rated a high score of 90% by the respondents on the kit\u2019s sufficiency. The WASH Hygiene\nkit was considered by 70% of the respondents as sufficient.\n\n\n\nFor the items distributed, rope from the Pre-Monsoon Kit and both female underwear and anti-sep\nmeet their needs.\n\n\n\n**Chart 4:** % of respondents reporting items received\n\n\n\nDuring the FGDs, refugees were complaining about the insufficiency of the items provided in general and\nparticularly for soap which came up in 7 FGDs out of 8 conducted. LPG was the second item subject of\ncomplaints from the refugees. Refugees were mainly expressing the view that the quantity received was\nnot enough compared to the size of their families. Refugees also mentioned an insufficiency of tarpaulin and\nbamboo within the Shelter Kit in 1 FGD out of 8 conducted.\n\n\nUsefulness of items\n\n\n\nAlmost 100% of surveyed refugees rated the\nitems they received as useful, with an overall\n\nscore of 4.2 on a 5-point scale [16], a decrease\nof 0.1 compared to the previous September\nPDM exercise which scored it as 4.3, however the score was the same as that recorded in\nthe PDM conducted in March 2018.\n\n\nLPG was rated as the most useful form of assistance out of the NFI packages distributed,\nscoring 4.26 (Chart 5), followed by Shelter Kit\n(4.19), CRH and Female Hygiene Kit (4.15).\n\n\n\n**Chart 5:** Score on usefulness of items\n\n\n\nIn the CRI package, kitchen sets scored the highest (4.14) (Chart 6) for their usefulness whilst plastic sheets\nwere the lowest with 4.01. Within the Shelter Kit, tarpaulin was rated as the most useful item (4.30) whilst sand\nbags were considered the least useful (4.02). Rope was the most useful item as part of the Pre-Monsoon Kit,\nscoring the highest (4.16), whilst wire was viewed as the least useful (4.11). The third item, iron peg, received a\nscore of 4.12. Among the items distributed as part of a WASH Hygiene Kit, laundry soap was rated the most\n\n\n16. On a scale of 1 (not useful at all), 2 (not useful), 3 (average), 4 (useful) to 5 (very useful)\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5960515141487122, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9174034595489502, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7508208155632019, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5433847308158875, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9577497243881226, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9551697969436646, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.8140589594841003, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Score on usefulness of items", - "confidence": 0.7268491387367249, - "start": 305, - "end": 310 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5456314086914062, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9220964908599854, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.6661362648010254, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Score on usefulness of items", - "confidence": 0.6345238089561462, - "start": 305, - "end": 310 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6861313581466675, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\n**Chart 6:** Score on usefulness of items\n\n\nuseful item (4.18) and antiseptic liquid rated the least useful (4.13) compared to other items in the kit.\n\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement\n\n\nThe refugees were asked whether they received the quantity of NFIs as entitled. Chart 7 shows their responses are divided between those who received the correct number of items according to UNHCR standard operating procedure for NFIs, and refugees who received more and less than their entitlements.\n\n\nNinety-two percent of the refugees reported receiving the same quantity as per their entitlement, an increase of 15% compared to September 2018 PDM. An average of 3% of the respondents stated that they\nreceived more items than they were entitled in 17 out of the 31 individual items distributed, in particular jerrycans, which are distributed as part of the WASH hygiene kit (19% of the respondents saying they received\nmore than their entitlement). An average of 4% of the respondents reported receiving less items than they\nwere entitled to in 22 out of 31 relief items provided in all standard NFI packages, particularly for non-disposable sanitary cloths which are included in the WASH hygiene kit (23% of the respondents said they received\nless than their entitlement). Unlike in the September 2018 PDM, rope was reported to be received in the\nexact quantity in shelter kits and only 3% of the respondents reported receiving more than their entitlements. 4% of the respondents reported receiving less than their entitlements in the Pre-Monsoon Kit.\n\n\nRefugees reported receiving the exact quantity for all items within the shelter kit except for tool kit. Only 2%\nof the respondents reported receiving more and less than entitled.\n\n\nSimilar to the March and September 2018 PDMs, more refugees reported receiving more or less than their\nentitlements for the WASH Hygiene Kit. A sensitization for refugee on the contents of the package and advice on the way to use the items included may help raise awareness of the quantity of items expected in a\nkit and help reduce discrepancies during distributions.\n\n\n17. On a scale of 1 \u2013 Very Poor; 2 \u2013 Poor; 3 \u2013 Average; 4 \u2013 Good and 5 \u2013 Very Good\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9086498618125916, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5604288578033447, - "start": 124, - "end": 125 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9517648816108704, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5611476302146912, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9343554973602295, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6086318492889404, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7314447164535522, - "start": 293, - "end": 294 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDMs", - "confidence": 0.9653873443603516, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8626422882080078, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9870176911354065, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9836120009422302, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\n**Chart 7:** Quantity of items received versus entitlement\n\n\nFor CRH and LPG packages distributed and monthly refills, refugees reported receiving their entitlement or\nmore. The monthly periodicity of the distribution and refilling may partially explain this result and led to a\npositive perception of quantity being met. However, during the FGDs conducted, LPG was the second most\nitem refugees complained on regarding insufficiency.\n\n\nUse of items\n\n\nAbout 99% of the surveyed refugees reported using all NFI items received while only 1% stored the items,\n0.3% sold them, with very few refugees reporting their items either stolen or exchanged. The overall utility\n\nrate is similar to March and September PDM 2018 results.\n\n\nOnly 1% of refugees reported storing their items for future use. Refugees reported they stored items from\nmost of the packages except the Shelter Kit (from which only sand-bag and toolkit were in some cases not\nkept). The items reported to be kept in other packages were the kitchen set from the CRI Kit, the iron-peg\n\n\nfrom the Pre-Monsoon Kit, the bathing soap from the Female Hygiene Kit and the disposable nappies from\nthe WASH Hygiene Kit (which had the highest number of respondents (17). About 2% of the respondents\nstated that they were storing the WASH Hygiene Kit (Table 1), while only 0.1% of the refugees reported that\nthey were keeping their LPG cylinder for future use.\n\n\nRefugees reported selling items only from the CRI and WASH Hygiene Kits. In the September 2018 PDM\nrefugees reported selling items from all assistance provided, except the WASH Hygiene Kit.\n\n\nThe most sold item was the kitchen set, part of the CRI Kit, reported by only 2 respondents. The rest of items\nreported to be sold were jerrycans and blankets, included in CRI Kit, and jerrycans and gamchas from the\nWASH Hygiene Kits. They were reportedly sold mainly to earn money and to buy food and clothes. Refugees reported they were selling their assistance items for the same reasons in the September 2018 PDM.\nDuring the FGDs a few refugees also mentioned selling some of their items at distribution centres in ex\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8831989765167236, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5552293062210083, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.744193434715271, - "start": 134, - "end": 135 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9861329793930054, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7011568546295166, - "start": 291, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7581556439399719, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5157648921012878, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9915796518325806, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\n**Table 1:** % of respondents reporting on actual use of items received\n\n|Item Type|Used|Kept/Stored|Sold|Gifted|Stolen|Exchanged|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Compressed Rice Husk
LPG
Core Relief Item Kit
Shelter Kit
WASH Hygiene Kit
Pre Monsoon Kit
Female Hygiene Kit|99.65%
99.84%
98.58%
99.62%
98.34%
99.43%
99.16%|0.35%
0.12%
1.21%
0.38%
1.52%
0.57%
0.80%|0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
0.00%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%|0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.03%
0.00%
0.04%|0.00%
0.04%
0.00%
0.00%
0.05%
0.00%
0.00%|0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.02%
0.00%
0.00%|\n\n\n\nchange for money to pay for the transportation of their items back to their homes.\n\n\nItems sale value were reported to be around BDT 400-700 for kitchen sets, BDT 200 for jerrycans, and\nbetween BDT 200-1000 for blankets in the CRI Kit. Refugees also reported they were selling jerrycans for\nBDT 40 and gamcha was sold for BDT 50. Unlike in the September PDM, refugees did not report selling\ntheir NFIs to pay for healthcare services, which was however reported to be an underlying reason for 21%\nof refugees selling items who participated in the PDM exercise in March.\n\n\nDistribution process\n\n\nIn this PDM exercise the refugees gave an average score of 3.9 points for the organisation of distributions (0.1\nless than the score in September 2018 PDM and a 0.1 more than the March 2018 PDM result when they scored\nit as 3.8). The distribution of the WASH Hygiene Kit was rated better than all, followed by LPG and CRH packages - both having the same score (Chart 8). Shelter distribution is rated the least satisfactory, with a score of\n3.43 on a 5-point Likert scale, or average.\n\n\nOn a scale of 1 (Very dissatisfied), 2 (Dissatisfied), 3 (Average), 4 (Satisfied) to 5 (Very satisfied)\n\n\n**Chart 8:** Score on distribution process **Chart 9:** % of respondents rating on distribution\n\n\n1 4 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9944168329238892, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "APRIL \u2013 2019", - "confidence": 0.7634590864181519, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9557101130485535, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5193350315093994, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6992722153663635, - "start": 531, - "end": 532 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9866158962249756, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Score on distribution process", - "confidence": 0.524911642074585, - "start": 646, - "end": 650 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5375982522964478, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7085172533988953, - "start": 669, - "end": 670 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5870586037635803, - "start": 659, - "end": 660 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\n97% (Chart 9) of the surveyed refugees rated the distribution process as average or above average. This finding\nrepresents a 2% decrease from September 2018 PDM. Those who were not satisfied cited long waiting times,\ntravel distance and limited distribution points where they could collect their entitlements. Refugees reported the\nsame criticisms during the September 2018 PDM.\n\n\nSeventy-five percent of the surveyed refugees stated that the distribution site was far from their shelters, 4%\nless than in the September 2018 PDM when 79% of the interviewed refugees shared the same answer.\n\n\nTable 2 refers to the time the beneficiaries waited at distribution centres before receiving their entitlements.\nThe average waiting time at distribution centres was about 177 minutes (close to 3 hours). The time has\ndoubled from the previous September PDM when the average waiting time was 1.5 hours.\n\n\nThe increase in average waiting time at distribution centres could be attributed to the time spent by the\nrefugees at LPG distribution centres. Indeed, the finding of a recent LPG PDM [17 ] carried out in other camps\nnot managed by UNHCR also revealed that 29% of the respondents stated spending 1-2 hours at the distribution centre before receiving their items, while 44% were waiting more than 2 hours.\n\n\nLess than 1% of refugees reported paying a fee (ranging between BDT 10 - 500) to be placed on the\ndistribution list, which is represented by a total of 14 refugees in this PDM. The FGDs conducted in 4\nrefugee camps nonetheless revealed that refugees have not been asked any favour to be put on the\ndistribution list, unlike the FGDs conducted in September in all camps where refugee participants from 3\ncamps mentioned that they were asked favours to be put on the list.\n\n\nTen percent of refugees reported paying between BDT 10-200 to porters to collect and transport their\nrelief items from distribution points to their shelters as compared to 27% who reported paying in the\n\nSeptember PDM 2018. The reasons why refugees were paying for this included: distance (73%), heavy\nweight of items (12%), single headed family (9%), and mobility issues (5%).\n\n\nSeventy-seven percent of surveyed refugees stated that they were informed of their entitlements prior to\ndistributions as compared to 53% in September and 38% in March 2018. This progression matches with\nUNHCR\u2019s continued effort to improve the NFI distribution services for refugees, including by ensuring\nthey receive information on distributions and entitlements in a timely fashion.\n\n\nAbout 82% of surveyed refugees reported obtaining information on their entitlements at the same time they\nreceived the relief items, as compared to the results in the September 2018 PDM where information sharing\nduring distribution was reported by less than 23% of the surveyed refugees.\n\n\nSimilar to the result in the September 2018 PDM, the majority of surveyed refugees identified majhis as\nthe main source of information (38%), followed by UN/NGO staff (34%). FGDs confirmed the findings of\nthe re-ported answers. Refugees also mentioned majhis as main communication channels. A few\nrefugees also\n\n\n17. Link to IOM LPG PDM (https://www.dropbox.com/s/913hlezhzv45o3i/LPG%20PDM%20-%20Report%201%20-%20Sep%2019.docx?dl=0)\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.7629973888397217, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5423732399940491, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "September 2018", - "confidence": 0.5103076100349426, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.8629875183105469, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7185245156288147, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "September 2018", - "confidence": 0.5721352696418762, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7909325957298279, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LPG PDM", - "confidence": 0.936090886592865, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7303447723388672, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9706382155418396, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9685381650924683, - "start": 281, - "end": 282 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.663942813873291, - "start": 285, - "end": 287 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8098389506340027, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9058732986450195, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8424142599105835, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5550535917282104, - "start": 440, - "end": 441 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee participants", - "confidence": 0.9168667197227478, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "September 2018 PDM", - "confidence": 0.5471740365028381, - "start": 504, - "end": 507 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "information sharing\nduring distribution", - "confidence": 0.5698001384735107, - "start": 508, - "end": 512 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6789054274559021, - "start": 594, - "end": 595 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7159637808799744, - "start": 598, - "end": 599 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5252485275268555, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7653883695602417, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nmentioned NGO staff and NGO volunteers as other sources of information through microphone announcements to inform refugees (1 FGD).\n\n\n**Table 2:** % of respondents reporting time to recieve their entitlement at the distribution center\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn average 2% of surveyed refugees reported challenges during distribution, the same as results reported\n\nin the September 2018 PDM. Like in previous PDMs, the challenges mentioned included long waiting times\nat distribution points and loss of ration cards. Information regarding unfriendliness of volunteers at distribution points was not reported in this PDM though it was the case for the September 2018 PDM. The FGDs\nrevealed that fewer refugees felt they did not have information on the distribution dates. Refugees stated\nthey usually receive information of distributions through majhis and suggested that volunteers should be\nalso in charge of providing the information about distribution dates to all refugees. An average 1% of surveyed refugees reported challenges after distribution, the same percentage in the September 2018 PDM\nfindings. The challenges mentioned were heavy loads and long distances from distribution points to shelters. Heavy loads were reported during the FGDs, in particular for LPG and especially for persons with specific needs to carry back items to their shelters. Some of the refugees received help from NGO volunteers\nwhilst some others had to provide money to other volunteers or sell items in exchange for the assistance of\nporters.\n\n\n1 6 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.7854787111282349, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7437867522239685, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8639547824859619, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.6044312715530396, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.743942379951477, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6546045541763306, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8131610155105591, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7654411196708679, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information about distribution dates to all refugees", - "confidence": 0.5403808355331421, - "start": 156, - "end": 163 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.638987123966217, - "start": 260, - "end": 261 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.975585401058197, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9792622327804565, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9389050006866455, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nUNHCR is delivering distribution items in Kutupalong camp, Bangladesh. \u00a9 UNHCR/Iffath Yeasmin\n\n\nUse of help desks\n\n\nThe majority of refugees (73%) reporting challenges during distributions filed complaints to help desks and\nNGOs. 59% of refugees who reported their problems complained at the helpdesk and 30% to UN/NGO staff.\nOnly 1 beneficiary (4%) filed their complaint at an information point and 2 other beneficiaries (7%) did not\nelaborate to whom or where they filed their complaint. 76% of the refugees who reported challenges after\nthe distribution complained to help desks and UN/NGO staff. 32% of the refugees filed their complaint at a\nhelp desk and 26% to UN/NGO staff. Here also, only 1 refugee (5%) reported filing a complaint to an information point, while 37% of refugees reported filing their complaint after distribution without elaborating to\nwhom or where they filed their complaint.\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nUNHCR undertaking Shelter Items distribution \u00a9 UNHCR/Caroline Gluck\n\n\nPreferred type of assistance\n\n\nAbout 29% of surveyed refugees stated that their\npreference was for a combination of in-kind and\ncash assistance, regardless of the type of items.\nThis response shows a decrease since the September PDM when 56% of the refugees reported a\npreference for a mix of in-kind and cash support. In\ncurrent survey, 27% of the respondents stated that\nthey would prefer to receive all assistance as cash,\na 3% increase compared to results reported in\nSeptember 2018 PDM when 24% of the respondents reported their preference for cash assistance\nonly.\n\n\n\n**Chart 10:** % of respondents reporting on preferred\ntype of assistance\n\n\n\nThe remaining 16% stated that they would prefer in-kind assistance. This also represents a 2% increase over\nresults in the September PDM when 14% of the respondents selected NFIs as their preferred type of assistance.\n\n\n1 8 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n### Recommendation and way forward\n\n\nThis PDM exercise found that the NFI packages distributed by UNHCR and partners largely met the household needs and minimum quality standards for NFIs as approved by the Shelter/NFI Sector in Cox\u2019s Bazar.\nHowever, the overall satisfaction score has decreased from the previous PDM survey in September 2018.\n\n\nBased on the key findings outlined in previous pages, the following recommendations put forward:\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / APRIL, 2019 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.9531152844429016, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "overall satisfaction score", - "confidence": 0.5526518821716309, - "start": 54, - "end": 57 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.766210675239563, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8660764098167419, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.9368932843208313, - "start": 46, - "end": 50 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9808894991874695, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8080745339393616, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household", - "confidence": 0.7271313071250916, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING APRIL \u2013 2019\n\n\nWorking in partnership\n\nUNHCR co-chairs a Strategic Executive Group (SEG) in Bangladesh with the UN Resident Coordinator and IOM. The\nRefugee Agency leads on the protection response for all refugees, and heads a Protection Working Group in Cox\u2019s\nBazar. UNHCR welcomes its valuable partnership with a number of UN agencies and coordinates the delivery of its assistance with humanitarian partners through a number of working groups under the Inter-Sector Coordination Group\n(ISCG). UNHCR\u2019s main government counterpart is the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and its Cox\u2019s Bazarbased Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC). UNHCR staff work closely with the Camp-in-Charge officials in different refugee settlements, as well as a range of international and national actors. It has a strong network of\n33 partners:\n\n\n**MDMR** (Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief) | Action Aid Bangladesh | **ACF** (Action Contre la Faim) | **BNWLA**\n(Bangladesh National Woman Lawyer\u2019s Association) | Bangladesh Red Crescent Society | **BRAC** (Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee) | Caritas Bangladesh | Center for Natural Resource Studies | **CODEC** (Community Development Centre) | **COAST** (Coastal Association for Social Transformation Trust) | Danish Refugee Council | **FH Association**\n(Food for the Hungry) | **GK** (Gonoshasthaya Kendra) | **IUCN** (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural\nResources) | Handicap International | Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation | Light House | Oxfam GB | Relief International |\nMukti Cox\u2019s Bazar | NGO Forum for Public Health | **RTMI** (Research, Training and Management International) | Save the\nChildren International | World Vision | Solidarites International | Terre des Hommes | **TAI** (Technical Assistance Incorporated) | **NRC** (Norwegian Refugee Council) | **WFP** (World Food Programme) | **UNDP** (United Nations Development Programme) | **IOM** (International Organization for Migration) | **BLAST** (Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust) | Rights\nJessore\n\n\nUNHCR would also like to acknowledge the crucial role played by the refugees in the response; with over **3,000 volun-**\n**teers from the refugee community** who are often the first responders on the ground. UNHCR and partners have trained\nand work with **safety unit volunteers (SUVs)** who support the emergency response, **community outreach members** who\nsupport raising awareness on important issues and in addressing protection risks, **community health workers** who assist\nwith outreach for health and nutrition, and others who provide further critical support to the refugee response.\n\n\nDonor support\n\n\nThe Government and the people of Bangladesh have shown extraordinary generosity in responding to the crisis. However,\nmore support and solidarity is required from the international community to assist the ongoing humanitarian response. Continued political efforts to work towards a solution to the situation remains vital. UNHCR is appealing for USD 500,000 in order\nto respond to the needs of hundreds of thousands of refugees per year.\n\n\nUNHCR Bangladesh is grateful for the generous contributions of donors who have provided unrestricted and broadly earmarked funds, as well as to donors who have contributed directly to the Operation in 2017, 2018 and 2019:\n\n\nWith thanks to the many private donations from individuals, foundations, and companies such as Bill & Melinda Gates\nFoundation, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Education Cannot Wait, Kuwait Finance House, Qatar Charity,\nand Thani Bin Abdullah Bin Thani Al Thani Humanitarian Fund.\n\n\nContact\n\n\n**Steven O\u2019Brien**, External Relations Officer, UNHCR Bangladesh, obrien@unhcr.org; **Mai Hosoi**, External Relations Officer,\nUNHCR Bangladesh, hosoi@unhcr.org; **Information Management**, bgdcoim@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LINKS:** UNHCR data portal - UNHCR operation page \u2013 Facebook \u2013 Twitter \u2013 Latest stories \u2013 Instagram\n\n\n2 0 UNHCR / APRIL, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Post Distribution Monitoring**\n##### **SHELTER AND** **NON-FOOD ITEMS** **BANGLADESH** **REFUGEE** **SITUATION**\n\n**APRIL 2019**\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3aa5c6b9-74ce-3996-bf77-a4c672b01f7c/73047.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_197/raw/doc_197_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_197/raw/doc_197_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 98ed16b0f71b06663179f5c5b7b563fc2494bf50..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_197/raw/doc_197_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - 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{ - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nThis Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) is the second PDM\n\n\nconducted in 2019. The PDM was initiated by the UNHCR sub\n\noffice in Cox\u2019s Bazar in November to monitor various aspects\n\n\nof Non-Food Item (NFI) distribution through feedback from\n\n\nrefugees, including on the quality, usefulness, and sufficiency\n\n\nof the items. The previous PDM on NFIs was conducted in\n\n\nApril 2019. UNHCR would like to thank its staff members and\n\n\na Multi-Functional Team composed of select technical staff\n\n\nwho provided support and guidance for the planning and the\n\n\ncompletion of this exercise, as well as the members of the\n\n\nrefugee community who participated in the survey by\n\n\nproviding their valuable feedback.\n\n\n~~**CONTACT US**~~\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\nEmail: **bgdcoim@unhcr.org**\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\nRohingya workmen build new facilities at the transit centre in Camp 17, Kutupalong\nsettlement.\u00a9 UNHCR/Santiago Escobar-Jaramillo\n\n\n2 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9603990912437439, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6531715393066406, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9578190445899963, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5988005995750427, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.713638186454773, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5954325795173645, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6000626087188721, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9301183223724365, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n#### Contents\n\n\n**Introduction** **4**\n\n\nBackground 4\n\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) 5\n\n\nMethodology 6\n\n\n**Findings and Comparative analysis** **8**\n\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile 8\n\n\nKey findings 8\n\n\nQuality of items 10\n\n\nSufficiency of items 11\n\n\nUsefulness of items 12\n\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement 13\n\n\nUse of items 14\n\n\nDistribution process 15\n\n\nUse of help desks 18\n\n\nPreferred type of assistance 18\n\n\n**Recommendation and way forward** **19**\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nNewly-built shelters in Camp 4 extension site @UNHCR/Adam Dean\n\n### Introduction\n\n\nBackground\n\n\nSince August 2017, an estimated 744,400 Rohingya refugees have fled from Myanmar into Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh, increasing the total number of refugees present in the district to an estimated 914,998 [1] . Within two months\nof the first arrivals, the number of refugee population in Cox\u2019s Bazar district quadrupled, which made it the fastest\ngrowing refugee crisis in the world. The influx continued over the subsequent months with more and more refugees arriving by foot and by boat. Most of them arrived from Myanmar without taking their belongings or cash,\nwhile others reportedly fled home only wearing their clothes, and without the means to buy anything else. Half of\nthe refugees (nearly 55%) are children under the age of 18 years.\n\n\nUNHCR was among the first humanitarian organizations to respond to the refugee influx through the provision of\nlife-saving assistance. Distributions consisting of blankets, plastic sheets, sleeping mats, family tents, plastic rolls,\nkitchen sets, jerry cans and buckets initially reached 250,000 refugees within weeks after their arrival. By the end\nof October 2019, UNHCR had distributed 1.1 million Core Relief Item (CRI) kits to newly arrived refugee families each kit containing tarpaulins, kitchen set, blanket, jerry can, bucket, sleeping mat and solar lamp. Up until December 2018, 90,569 families had also received an Upgraded Shelter Kit (USK) consisting of muli-type [2 ] and borak-type [3 ] bamboo poles, rope, plastic tarpaulins, sandbags and toolkits, meant to reinforce their shelters during\nthe harsh monsoon season. From April to October 2019, UNHCR distributed shelter repair items and provided\nshelter replacement assistance for more than 97% of households assessed to have shelter in bad condition or\n\n\n1. RRRC/UNHCR Family Counting\n\n\n2. UNHCR Bangladesh specifications: Min 16 feet long. Circumference 2\u201d nominal or 3\u201d nominal. Mix of sizes is acceptable (https://www.dropbox.\ncom/s/c28fwb8bqkjiviw/Bamboo%20specifcations.pdf?dl=0)\n\n\n3. UNHCR Bangladesh specifications: Min 25 feet long; At least 8\u201d (eight inch) perimeter measurement at 1/3 length from the toe of the borak bamboo.\nNo insect defect in the circumstances of the borak bamboo No split ends (https://www.dropbox.com/s/c28fwb8bqkjiviw/Bamboo%20specifcations.\npdf?dl=0)\n\n\n4 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\ndeemed to be vulnerable households in the camps in areas targeted by UNHCR assistance [4] . As of October 2019,\nUNHCR has distributed shelter repair items and provided shelter replacement assistance for 78,778 households,\nand distributed Tie-Down Kit [5 ] (TDK) to 88,361 households.\n\n\nUNHCR, in close collaboration with its partner agencies, and other humanitarian actors, continues to support the\nGovernment of Bangladesh in responding to the refugee situation in Cox\u2019s Bazar by ensuring relief items are also\nprepositioned and available to be delivered to the most vulnerable households in a timely manner. Facilities for\nthe distribution of materials were improved in the camps during 2018 and 2019. Furthermore, a Global Distribution Tool was introduced to speed up the recognition of beneficiaries and align the accounting of materials distributed with the available registration data on refugees coming from a joint UNHCR-Government of Bangladesh\nregistration process, thus reducing waiting times and the potential for multiple distributions to the same recipient.\n\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM)\n\n\n\nUNHCR uses Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a\nmechanism to collect refugee\u2019s feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilisation and effectiveness of assistance received. It is conducted after the distribution of\nrelief items is completed. The first PDM on Non-Food\nItem (NFI) was done in March 2018 covering the period since the beginning of the refugee influx in August\n2017. The outcome of the PDM exercise was used to\ninform the procurement efforts as well as subsequent\nNFI distribution which was monitored through the\nsecond exercise conducted in August 2018, or a year\nafter the influx. A total of 2,298 households who received NFIs from UNHCR took part in this PDM exercise.\n\n\n\nRefugees carrying WASH Hygiene kit and Core Relief Item @UNHCR/\nSabrina Sayed\n\n\n\nThis fourth PDM survey and exercise covers the distribution of six types of NFI assistance provided through\nUNHCR and partners to Rohingya refugees from April to October 2019. It includes Compressed Rice Husks\n(CRH) [6], Core Relief Item kits (CRI) [7], shelter repair and replacement assistance [8], WASH Hygiene kits [9], Female\nHygiene kits [10 ] and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) [11] .\n\n\n4. UNHCR is one among a number of actors that are distributing assistance based on agreed target areas, which is well coordinated among the major\nagencies working in Cox\u2019s Bazar\n\n\n5. Tie-Down Kit (TDK) comprises iron pegs (6 pieces); 60m of rope (1 piece) and wire (1 kg). It is also called Pre-Monsoon Kit\n\n\n6. In May 2018, UNHCR increased the quantity of Compressed Rice Husks (CRH) from one to two bags of 19 kg for families with sizes of 7 and above.\n705,782 bags of CRH were distributed from January to August 2018 in all camps where UNHCR was directly distributing non-food items. Distribution\nof CRH was progressively phased-out with the introduction Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) from September 2018 onwards. 236,167 bags of CRH were\ndistributed from September 2018 to March 2019. Only 10,612 bags of CRH were distributed from April - October 2019\n\n\n7. Core Relief Items (CRI): a kit contains sleeping mats (5 pieces); blankets (5 pieces); jerry can (1 piece); solar lamp (1 piece); bucket (1 piece); plastic\nsheet (1 piece); kitchen set (1 pack). 57,034 families received CRIs from January 2018 \u2013 April 2019, and 891 families received CRI from April \u2013 October\n2019\n\n\n8. Shelter repair and replacement assistance: contains rope (30m); tarpaulin 4 x 5m; bamboo \u2013 borak; bamboo \u2013 muli; sandbag; wire. UNHCR has\nprovided a need-based shelter assistance in 2019. Following a comprehensive shelter assessment, shelter repair and replacement assistance items\nhave been provided to 78,778 household by October 2019\n\n\n9. WASH Hygiene Kit contains drinking water pot (jerry can) 10 liters (4 pieces); potty for children for safe excreta disposal (1 piece); disposable nappies\n(1 piece); bathing soap (5 bars); laundry soap (10 bars); non-disposable sanitary cloth (6 pieces); gamcha (local towel) (2 pieces); heavy duty plastic\nbucket with lid \u2013 15 litre capacity (1 piece). From April to October 2019, UNHCR has distributed only 5,155 WASH Hygiene Kits, while a total of 61,992 were\ndistributed since January 2019\n\n\n10. A Female Hygiene Kit consists of reusable sanitary napkins (3 packs x 6 pieces); female underwear (3 pieces); 125ml antiseptic liquid (4 bottles);\n100mg bath soap (8 bars); 130mg laundry soap (8 bars) and a 5 lt plastic bucket (1 piece) for female refugees aged 12 to 59 years old. The kits are for\ndistribution every six month. UNHCR has distributed 147,520 Female Hygiene Kits since January. 120,545 Female Hygiene Kits were distributed from April\nto October 2019\n\n\n11. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was introduced in the Operation in September 2018 as an alternative fuel to address the tree cutting witnessed in\nlocal forest for use as firewood and for cooking. The distribution of LPG gas cylinder and stove is provided as part of a comprehensive response to this\nsituation, targeting all refugee households, as well as 20,000 host community households around the camps where UNHCR is undertaking distributions\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration data on refugees", - "confidence": 0.735325038433075, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5110841989517212, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.9449158906936646, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5042664408683777, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8975690603256226, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8322016596794128, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.502686619758606, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5520029664039612, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.9537069797515869, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "distribution of six types of NFI assistance", - "confidence": 0.6335573792457581, - "start": 343, - "end": 350 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8062517642974854, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Sabrina Sayed", - "confidence": 0.6414749026298523, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.7479013204574585, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5031664967536926, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9860743880271912, - "start": 356, - "end": 358 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nStorage of Shelter repair and replacement kit before distribution \u00a9 UNHCR/Andre Therik\n\n\nUNHCR has almost fully replaced distribution of CRH with LPG in all camps under UNHCR target distribution areas in 2019. This has been a big step forward for NFI support with significant cost savings and implications for\nUNHCR\u2019s distribution work overall. Some 87,785 households were receiving LPG cylinders and refills by the end\nof October 2019. 1,361 host community households are also benefitting so far from LPG cylinders and refills which\nwill eventually reach 20,000 local households. Most importantly, the assistance has been greatly welcomed by\nrefugees with a high uptake and interest in it.\n\n\nMethodology\n\n\nFor this PDM exercise, sampled households were selected with 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. In order to ensure that a minimum target number of respondents were included for the desired level of\nprecision, 10% buffer was added. A separate sampling method was carried out for shelter beneficiaries,\nwhich had put forward specific questions related to the distribution and provision of shelter repair and replacement assistance. The total randomly selected households participating in the survey was approximately 280 persons per camps (135 for shelter and 145 for other NFI). A total of 4,596 households were interviewed by 60 trained independent enumerators from 12 to 25 November 2019 in 16 refugee designated\ncamp locations (see map 1) where UNHCR and its partners are directly distributing non-food items. Data was\ncollected using a Kobo online data collection system.\n\n\nEach enumerator was given a tablet which included the Kobo form and a mobile map package (MMPK)\nwhere all beneficiary locations have been added. The MMPK was used as a means of navigation to retrieve\ntargeted beneficiaries in the camps and proceed with the interview using the Kobo form.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6120677590370178, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8771567344665527, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7103133797645569, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee designated\ncamp locations", - "confidence": 0.8582496047019958, - "start": 255, - "end": 259 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7235913872718811, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6206595301628113, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8478429317474365, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo online data collection system", - "confidence": 0.5310502052307129, - "start": 280, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7455859184265137, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.534209132194519, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nSince the second PDM conducted in September 2018 there have been qualitative surveys incorporated into\nthe PDM exercises on NFI post-distribution monitoring. This followed a review on the methodology used in\nthe first PDM carried out in March 2018 by UNHCR\u2019s Multi-Functional Team. For the current survey, a total of\n\n8 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) (including 4 female and 4 male groups) were held from 12 to 25 November\n2019 in 4 camps with a team of 8 UNHCR staff and 6 trained enumerators used as translators and facilitators.\n\n### Findings and comparative analysis\n\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile\n\n\nAbout 46% of female and 54% of male refugees provided feedback on various items distributed. The majority of the surveyed refugees (69%) were aged between 26 to 59 years old, while 22% were aged between\n18 to 25 years old, and only 1% was below 18 years of age. Some 8% of refugees were above 60 years of\n\n\nage. More than 81% of surveyed refugees were heads of household, consisting of 39% females and 61%\nmales.\n\n\nmembers.\n\n\n\n\n\n12. Meet minimum quality standard for NFI approved by the Shelter/NFI Sector in Cox\u2019s Bazar\n\n\n8 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5937479734420776, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.5964627861976624, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8144877552986145, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5394434928894043, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8620800375938416, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Some highlights of the survey:**\n\n\n - The findings show that the quality of the distributed materials was considered to have\nbeen maintained or improved, with the overall quality of items scoring 4.3 on a 5-point\nLikert scale, comparing favourably with the\nApril 2019 PDM overall score of 4.1.\n\n - About 91% of surveyed refugees reported receiving sufficient quantities of items, compared to 73% reporting the same who were\nsurveyed in April 2019. This finding indicates\nan improved understanding of distribution\nneeds as well as delivery of that the items to\nmeet the stated needs of targeted beneficiaries.\n\n - Almost all refugee respondents surveyed\n(99%) reported using all the NFI items received, while very few refugees (less than\n1%) reported that their items were either\nstored, sold or stolen.\n\n - All of the six NFI packages scored above 4\non a 5-point Likert scale in terms of usefulness.\n\n - The CRI Kit received the highest score (4.37)\nfor quality among all six NFI assistance packages. The CRH Kit scored next with 4.31, followed by the WASH Hygiene Kit with 4.23.\nPlastic sheeting and the solar lamp from the\nCRI kit received respectively the highest\n(4.45) and second highest scores (4.43) for\nquality among all the individual items distributed.\n\n - The CRI Kit received the highest score (4.35)\nin response to questions on usefulness compared with the other six NFI assistance packages. CRH kits scored next with 4.35, followed by the Female Hygiene Kit (4.29).\nSolar lamps and plastic sheeting from the\nCRI kit received respectively the highest\n(4.41) and second highest scores (4.40) for\nusefulness among all items.\n\n - Refugees reported on the organisation of the\nNFI distribution with a score of 3.9 (the same\nscore received during the previous April\n2019 survey). 99% (Chart 9) of the surveyed\nrefugees rated the distribution process as\naverage or above average with a score of 3.0\npoints or more on a Likert scale. LPG and Female Hygiene Kit distributions were indicated as the most appreciated by the respondents with a score of 3.91.\n\n\n\nPOST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\n- An average of 1% of surveyed refugees reported problems during and after distribution. Most of the refugees expressed concerns about the unfriendliness of some\nvolunteers.\n\n- Long waiting times due to crowded distribution points and transportation issues due to\nheavy load of items were also complaints.\nThe average waiting time at distribution centres was about 129 minutes (over 2 hours),\ncompared to the time duration reported in\nthe April 2019 PDM when the average waiting time was some 3 hours.\n\n- Sixty-nine percent of the surveyed refugees\nstated that the distribution site was far from\ntheir shelters, which is 6% less than the April\n2019 PDM when 75% of the refugees made\nthe same statement. 13% of refugees reported paying between BDT10-1,000 to collect\nand transport their relief items from distribution points to their shelters, compared to 10%\nwho reported paying cash for these services\nin the April 2019 PDM.\n\n- Fifty-eight percent of refugees stated that\nthey received information on distributions\nand their entitlements prior to the NFI distribution, compared to 77% reporting on this in\nthe April 2019 PDM. Like in previous PDMs,\nthe majority of surveyed refugees identified\nmajhis (Army-appointed block leaders) as the\nmain source of information (69%), followed\nby UN/NGO staff (26%).\n\n- 56% of the surveyed refugees received information on their items during distributions,\nwhich was lower to what was reported in the\nApril 2019 PDM when information sharing\nduring distributions was stated to have taken\nplace by 82% of surveyed refugees.\n\n- An average of 97% of the surveyed refugees\nreported being/feeling safe during the distribution, and while collecting their items.\n\n- About 43% of surveyed refugees stated they\npreferred a voucher assistance system, an\nincrease from the 27% reporting this preference in the April 2019 PDM exercise. 38%\nindicated a preference for a combined\nvoucher and cash assistance, an 11% increase\nfrom the 29% reporting this preference in the\nApril 2019 PDM.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9088447690010071, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6920503973960876, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7721181511878967, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8701056241989136, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.6509225368499756, - "start": 65, - "end": 67 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "April\n2019 survey", - "confidence": 0.6523319482803345, - "start": 361, - "end": 364 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9081770777702332, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8912291526794434, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6683434844017029, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9505235552787781, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.6935792565345764, - "start": 423, - "end": 426 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8447132110595703, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "April 2019 PDM", - "confidence": 0.6707607507705688, - "start": 505, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9718167185783386, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6079061627388, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.943213939666748, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7625170350074768, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9765081405639648, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7505680322647095, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9534754157066345, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "April 2019 PDM exercise", - "confidence": 0.7749518156051636, - "start": 767, - "end": 771 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting this preference", - "confidence": 0.7762536406517029, - "start": 762, - "end": 765 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5591027736663818, - "start": 802, - "end": 803 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9149025678634644, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8463044762611389, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nQuality of items\n\n\nRefugee respondents rated the overall quality of dis\ntributed items with a score of 4.3 on a 5-point Likert\nscale. This represents an increment of 0.2 points\nfrom the previous overall score on the quality of NFIs\nfrom last April 2019 PDM. Each of the kits saw an incremental in the survey. 87% of the surveyed refugees who received the six NFI packages rated the\nquality of items highly, scoring 4.0 point and above.\n\n\nCRI kit scored highest among all six NFI package with 4.37 (Chart 2), whereas shelter repair and replacement\nassistance scored lowest with 4.19 (Chart 2) with an increment of 0.15 compared to the April 2019 PDM.\n\n\nPlastic sheets were rated the highest in quality amongst the items, with a score of 4.45 (Chart 3), followed by\nsolar lamps (4.43), and Kitchen sets (4.41). Muli bamboo from the Shelter Kit scored the lowest amongst the items\n\n\n(4.12).\n\n\nAlmost all refugees also expressed their satisfaction with regards to the quality of items received during the 8\nfocus group discussions (FGD) conducted in 4 camps. However, some concern was expressed by refugees\nabout the quality of the bamboo available and the size of the tarpaulins. Participants also mentioned that some\nof the solar lamps received were damaged in the kit and they requested the possibility to return or exchange\nsuch damaged items in future. Comments were received also about the quality of LPG cylinders and pipes being distributed. There is a need to reinforce existing monitoring of the quality of items provided to refugees\nthrough suppliers and partners.\n\n\nThe views of refugees are important and validate UNHCR\u2019s current ongoing efforts to ensure high quality and\ndurable items procured at the best value through available resources. The FGDs were particularly informative\nand generated ideas on further enhancing quality in future.\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5982006192207336, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5438258051872253, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5110921263694763, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.6793984174728394, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nSufficiency of items\n\n\na sufficient quantity of items.\n\n\nents reporting that they were enough.\n\n\nThe WASH Hygiene Kit was the second type identified by refugees for being provided in sufficient quantity,\nwith 93% of the respondents reporting it was enough to meet their needs. CRH assistance was considered\nby 91% of the respondents as provided in sufficient quantity. The findings indicate that the quantity of items\navailable is generally considered to be meeting needs.\n\n\nAntiseptic liquid from the Female Hygienic Kit was considered by those surveyed as sufficient with 99% of\nthe respondents reporting positively. Borak bamboo from the shelter repair and replacement assistance\nitems saw less agreement on the sufficiency of quantity provided with only 80% of the respondents reporting their items were enough to meet their needs.\n\n\nDuring the FGDs, refugees raised concerns about the insufficiency of quantity of the items, particularly related to replenishment of the items. In 1 FGD some participants mentioned the fact that they had not received any shelter materials (borak and muli bamboo and tarpaulin) or a CRI Kit for over a year. Some commented that LPG cylinder fuel supply was not sufficient enough for their use and that they needed to use\nalternative sources of fuel to cook food. These issues have been referred in the course of 2019 to the relevant UNHCR technical units as part of the follow up in drafting the present report to review the current established monitoring mechanism for measuring and adapting calculations in quantity of assistance provided.\nIn the case of LPG a mechanism to measure family size and average usage is in place to guide the amount\nof LPG provided to individuals and households of various sizes.\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.940891444683075, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "NOVEMBER \u2013 2019", - "confidence": 0.6674616932868958, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8827980160713196, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nUsefulness of items\n\n\nincrease of 0.1 compared to the pre\nitems as 4.2.\n\n\nthe Female Hygiene Kit (4.29), LPG and the WASH Hygiene Kit (4.28), and lastly shelter repair and replace\n\nment assistance (4.24).\n\n\nIn the CRI Kit, solar lamps scored the highest (4.41) (Chart 6) for their usefulness, whilst buckets scored the\nlowest with 4.31. Within the shelter repair and replacement assistance, wire was rated as the most useful item\n(4.28), whilst muli bamboo poles and iron pegs were considered the least useful (4.20). Gamchas were considered the most useful items as part of the WASH Hygiene Kit, scoring the highest (4.35), whilst aqua tabs\nand buckets were viewed as the least useful (4.25). Amongst the items distributed as part of the Female Hygiene Kit, laundry and bathing soaps were rated the most useful (4.33), whilst reusable sanitary napkins and\nfemale underwear were rated the least useful (4.26).\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement\n\n\nRefugees were asked whether they received the quantity of NFIs that were outlined as being part of the kits\nthey received [13] . Chart 7 shows their responses in detail for each item.\n\n\nEighty-one percent of the refugees reported receiving the same quantity as per their entitlement, a decrease of 11% in refugees reporting that they had not received the correct allocation of items compared to\nthe April 2019 PDM. An average of 12% of the respondents stated that they received more items than they\nwere entitled from the set of 25 individual items generally distributed. In particular, bathing soap distributed\nas part of the WASH Hygiene Kit - 67% of the respondents stated that they received more than their entitlement. In the April 2019 PDM, 3% of respondents averagely reported that they had received more than their\nentitlements.\nAn average of 7% of the respondents reported receiving less items than they were entitled to in 12 out of 25\nrelief items provided in all standard NFI packages.\n\n\n43% of the respondents said they received less than their entitlement of aqua tabs during distributions taking place for an acute watery diarrhoea emergency response in 2019.\n\n\nWASH Hygiene kits have had previous reporting on discrepancies by refugees. UNHCR\u2019s initial investigations into the matter reveal that it is possible that refugees are also receiving WASH items from other agencies working in the camps and not distinguishing sources of assistance in their reporting.\n\n\n13. In 2019, UNHCR did not distribute a standard kit for shelter but undertook a targeted distribution of shelter items based on specific need of each\nhousehold, following a blanket shelter need assessment. Therefore Chart 7 do not include refugee\u2019s responses for shelter\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9483286738395691, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7632547616958618, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "entitlement\n\n\nRefugees", - "confidence": 0.5498986840248108, - "start": 11, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7702500820159912, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5327281951904297, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April 2019", - "confidence": 0.6607770323753357, - "start": 84, - "end": 86 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6595494747161865, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nUse of items\n\n\nAbout 99% of the surveyed refugees reported using all NFI items received, and very few - less than 1% - reported their items were either stored, sold or stolen. The overall utility rate is similar to previous PDM results.\nAmong refugees reporting that they stored items, these items were from all packages, except the CRH Kit.\nThe items reported to be kept were kitchen sets from the CRI Kit, laundry soap from the WASH Hygiene Kit,\nmuli bamboo from the shelter repair and replacement materials, and reusable sanitary napkins from the\nFemale Hygiene Kit (which had the highest number of respondents 19). About 2% of the above respondents\nstated that they were storing the WASH Hygiene Kit (Table 1). Only 1% of the refugees reported that they\nwere keeping their shelter repair and replacement materials for future use.\n\n\n**Table 1:** % of respondents reporting on actual use of items received\n\n|Item Type|Used|Kept/Stored|Sold|Gifted|Stolen|Exchanged|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Compressed Rice Husk
LPG
Core Relief Item
WASH Hygiene Kit
Female Hygiene Kit
Shelter repair and
replacement assistance|100.00%
99.00%
99.50%
97.40%
99.00%
97.90%|0.00%
0.20%
0.10%
0.30%
0.50%
1.30%|0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.10%|0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%|0.00%
0.80%
0.30%
2.30%
0.50%
0.70%|0.00%
0.00%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%|\n\n\n\nRefugees reported selling items from the shelter repair and replacement materials only. In the April 2019\nPDM refugees reported selling items from CRI and WASH Hygiene Kit. The most sold item was the muli\n\nbamboo, reported by only 3 respondents. The rest of items reported to be sold were borak bamboo and\ntarpaulin. UNHCR will review the shelter assessment methodology for 2020 distribution by taking into consideration refugees\u2019 feedbacks.\n\n\nItems sale value was between BDT 400-800 for muli bamboo, BDT 100-600 for borak bamboo, and BDT\n600-1,400 for tarpaulins.\n\n\nItems were reportedly sold to gain cash in hand and for the purpose of buying food. Refugees reported selling their items also to gain cash in the April 2019 PDM. Notably, refugees did not report selling their NFIs to\npay for healthcare services in this PDM as compared to April 2019 PDM where 21% of the respondents reported selling their items for above mentioned reason.\n\n\n1 4 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8628240823745728, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.715698778629303, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5142840147018433, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8900488615036011, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April 2019", - "confidence": 0.5618895292282104, - "start": 525, - "end": 527 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9955086708068848, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "April 2019 PDM", - "confidence": 0.5343008041381836, - "start": 639, - "end": 642 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7853376865386963, - "start": 683, - "end": 684 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9873894453048706, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6178005337715149, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.977489173412323, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nDistribution process\n\n\nIn this PDM exercise the refugees gave an average score of 3.9 points for the organisation of distributions\n(same score given in April 2019 PDM). The distribution of both LPG and Female Hygiene Kit was rated better\nthan the distribution of other items or kits. Wash Hygiene Kit scored 3.87; CRH rated as average, with a score\nof 3.82 on a 5-point Likert scale (Chart 8). Overall, the scores showed a general improvement.\n\n\nOn a scale of 1 (Very dissatisfied), 2 (Dissatisfied), 3 (Average), 4 (Satisfied) to 5 (Very satisfied)\n\n\nNinety-nine percent (Chart 9) of the surveyed refugees rated the distribution organisation as average or above\naverage. This finding represents a 2% increase from the April 2019 PDM. Among the respondents who said they\nwere not satisfied, an important number believed the organization of distribution was good enough, but did not\nwant to elaborate their views, or did not know what to suggest to improve the distribution process. A few respondents mentioned the need of soap, gamcha and blankets. Very few respondents suggested to change the\ndistribution method (with one respondent claiming that it was too fast).\n\n\nSixty-nine percent of the surveyed refugees stated that the distribution site was far from their shelters, 6%\nless than the April 2019 PDM when 75% of the surveyed refugees reported the same answer.\n\n\nTable 2 refers to the time the beneficiaries waited at distribution centres before receiving their entitlements.\nThe average waiting time at distribution centres was about 129 minutes (over 2 hours). The average waiting\ntime is nevertheless an hour less than that reported in April 2019 PDM, which demonstrates some improvement.\n\n\nForty-seven percent of the respondent spent 1-2 hours waiting their items at the distribution while less than\n1% of the respondents said they spent over 6 hours before collecting their items. 52% of the women respondents waited 1-2 hours to receive theirs Female Hygiene Kit at the distribution point (The highest percentage of people waiting at distribution point among six the distribution services).\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.6805906891822815, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8298100829124451, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5503556728363037, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9611573219299316, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7186229825019836, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7190219759941101, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April 2019", - "confidence": 0.8610760569572449, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.566521167755127, - "start": 243, - "end": 245 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\n**Table 2:** % of respondents reporting time to recieve their entitlement at the distribution center\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe highest average waiting time for an individual item was for the distribution of the CRH Kit (145 minutes),\nfollowed by LPG (137 minutes). Respondent spent the least amount of time at the distribution centres providing Female Hygiene kits (114 minutes).\n\n\nDuring this PDM exercise it was reported by less than 1% that they paid a fee (ranging between BDT 20 200) to be placed on the distribution list. The PDM findings revealed that payments were paid to majhis.\nUNHCR has continued, with its partners, to emphasise in oral and pictorial messaging to refugees and\nwithin their communities that distributions are free of charge and refugees need not provide payment at any\nstage to be eligible for assistance items.\n\n\nThirteen percent of respondents reported paying between BDT 10-1000 to porters to collect and transport\ntheir relief items from distribution points to their shelters as compared to 10% who reported paying for this\nservice in the April 2019 PDM. The highest amount paid for portering was reported for LGP transportation.\nThe reasons why refugees cited for using porters included distance from shelters (62%), heavy weight of\n\nitems (17%), mobility issues (16%), and single headed family (6%).\n\n\nFifty-eight percent of surveyed refugees stated that they were informed of their entitlements prior to distributions, compared to 77% in April 2019, and 53% in September 2018. This is a regression of 19% from the\nlast April 2019 PDM. About 56% of surveyed refugees reported obtaining information on their entitlements\nat the same time they received the relief items, compared to the April 2019 PDM where information sharing\nduring distribution was reported by 82% of the surveyed refugees.\nUNHCR has initiated further enquiries into this matter in order to find out the reason why there is such a\n\n\nsignificant decrease in reported information sharing on distributions.\n\n\nThe majority of surveyed refugees identified majhis as the main source of information before distribution\n(69%), followed by UN/NGO staff (26%). During the March 2019 PDM, majhis were also identified as main\nsource of information by 38% of respondents (31% less compared to this PDM), while UN/NGOs were also\nidentified as the second source of information with 34% of the respondent (8% more than current PDM).\n\n\nRefugees also mentioned majhis closely followed by UN/NGO volunteers as main communication channels\nduring the FGDs conducted.\n\n\n1 6 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8937512636184692, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "NOVEMBER \u2013 2019", - "confidence": 0.5177627801895142, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8553987145423889, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.6725968718528748, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9566473364830017, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April 2019", - "confidence": 0.6401331424713135, - "start": 199, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9899929165840149, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.893791913986206, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information sharing\nduring distribution", - "confidence": 0.5977136492729187, - "start": 332, - "end": 336 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8088444471359253, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9274817705154419, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8945074081420898, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.9316996335983276, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nUNHCR and refugees prepare for monsoon season. \u00a9 UNHCR/Roger Arnold\n\n\nLess than 1% of the surveyed refugees reported challenges during and after distribution. In this PDM, challenges reported by respondents were mainly focused on unfriendliness of some volunteers, long waiting\ntimes due to crowding at the distribution points, and difficulties of transportation due to the weight of items\nreceived. The same challenges were also reported in the previous April 2019 PDM.\n\n\nRefugees also mentioned the difficulties older persons face in reaching distribution points, as well as pregnant women. This emerged in 3 FGDs out of the 8 conducted for this PDM. They explained that heads of\nhouseholds are required at distribution point to collect their items, while some of them (older persons and\npregnant women) are unable to walk the distribution point and often need to send other family members\nwho can collect the items on their behalf.\n\n\nAn average of 97% of the surveyed refugees reported feeling safe while collecting their items. 96% of the\nsurveyed refugees expressed their satisfaction for the safety of the distribution centres for WASH, CRH Kits\nand shelter repair and replacement assistance. 98% of the respondents reported the same for Female Hygiene and CRI Kit distributions.\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.838975727558136, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6753450036048889, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9318386316299438, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nBamboo treatment brings more sustainable housing to camps \u00a9 UNHCR/Will Swanson\n\n\nUse of help desks and complaint mechanisms\n\n\nFew of the respondents reported challenges during and after distribution. Among the respondents who reported challenges in this survey during and after distribution, only 10 respondents (11%) filed complaints to\nthe different complaint mechanisms. 7 refugee respondents filed complaints to UN/NGO staff, while the 2\nothers filed complaints at help desks and information points. The last respondent did not elaborate to whom\nor where the complaint was filed.\n\n\nPreferred type of assistance\n\n\nAbout 43% of surveyed refugees stated that\ntheir preference was for cash voucher type assistance. This represent a 16% increase since the\nApril 2019 PDM when only 27% of the refugees\nreported a preference for cash voucher support.\n38% of the respondents stated that they would\nprefer a combination of voucher and in-kind, a\n9% increase compared to results reported April\n2019 PDM when 29% of the respondents reported their preference for a combination of voucher\n\n\n1 8 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.695988655090332, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8611804246902466, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR/Will Swanson", - "confidence": 0.7805249691009521, - "start": 15, - "end": 19 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7730817198753357, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee respondents", - "confidence": 0.8090451955795288, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.8302857875823975, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7580799460411072, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6492152214050293, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8979247808456421, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nand in-kind assistance.\n\n\nThe remaining 18% stated that they would prefer in-kind assistance. This also represents a 2% increase over results\nin the April 2019 PDM when16% of the respondents selected NFIs as their preferred type of asstance.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.7686374187469482, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6426772475242615, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9742085933685303, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9597629904747009, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING NOVEMBER \u2013 2019\n\n\nWorking in partnership\n\nUNHCR co-chairs a Strategic Executive Group (SEG) in Bangladesh with the UN Resident Coordinator and IOM. The\nRefugee Agency leads on the protection response for all refugees, and heads a Protection Working Group in Cox\u2019s\nBazar. UNHCR welcomes its valuable partnership with a number of UN agencies and coordinates the delivery of its assistance with humanitarian partners through a number of working groups under the Inter-Sector Coordination Group\n(ISCG). UNHCR\u2019s main government counterpart is the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and its Cox\u2019s Bazarbased Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC). UNHCR staff work closely with the Camp-in-Charge officials in different refugee settlements, as well as a range of international and national actors. It has a strong network of\n33 partners:\n\n\n**MDMR** (Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief) | Action Aid Bangladesh | **ACF** (Action Contre la Faim) | **BNWLA**\n(Bangladesh National Woman Lawyer\u2019s Association) | Bangladesh Red Crescent Society | **BRAC** (Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee) | Caritas Bangladesh | Center for Natural Resource Studies | **CODEC** (Community Development Centre) | **COAST** (Coastal Association for Social Transformation Trust) | Danish Refugee Council | **FH Association**\n(Food for the Hungry) | **GK** (Gonoshasthaya Kendra) | **IUCN** (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural\nResources) | Handicap International | Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation | Light House | Oxfam GB | Relief International |\nMukti Cox\u2019s Bazar | NGO Forum for Public Health | **RTMI** (Research, Training and Management International) | Save the\nChildren International | World Vision | Solidarites International | Terre des Hommes | **TAI** (Technical Assistance Incorporated) | **NRC** (Norwegian Refugee Council) | **WFP** (World Food Programme) | **UNDP** (United Nations Development Programme) | **IOM** (International Organization for Migration) | **BLAST** (Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust) | Rights\nJessore\n\n\nUNHCR would also like to acknowledge the crucial role played by the refugees in the response; with over **3,000 volun-**\n**teers from the refugee community** who are often the first responders on the ground. UNHCR and partners have trained\nand work with **safety unit volunteers (SUVs)** who support the emergency response, **community outreach members** who\nsupport raising awareness on important issues and in addressing protection risks, **community health workers** who assist\nwith outreach for health and nutrition, and others who provide further critical support to the refugee response.\n\n\nDonor support\n\n\nThe Government and the people of Bangladesh have shown extraordinary generosity in responding to the crisis. However,\nmore support and solidarity is required from the international community to assist the ongoing humanitarian response. Continued political efforts to work towards a solution to the situation remains vital. UNHCR is appealing for USD 500,000 in order\nto respond to the needs of hundreds of thousands of refugees per year.\n\n\nUNHCR Bangladesh is grateful for the generous contributions of donors who have provided unrestricted and broadly earmarked funds, as well as to donors who have contributed directly to the Operation in 2017, 2018 and 2019:\n\n\nWith thanks to the many private donations from individuals, foundations, and companies such as Bill & Melinda Gates\nFoundation, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Education Cannot Wait, Kuwait Finance House, Qatar Charity,\nand Thani Bin Abdullah Bin Thani Al Thani Humanitarian Fund.\n\n\nContact\n\n\n**Steven O\u2019Brien**, External Relations Officer, UNHCR Bangladesh, obrien@unhcr.org; **Mai Hosoi**, External Relations Officer,\nUNHCR Bangladesh, hosoi@unhcr.org; **Information Management**, bgdcoim@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LINKS:** UNHCR data portal - UNHCR operation page \u2013 Facebook \u2013 Twitter \u2013 Latest stories \u2013 Instagram\n\n\n2 0 UNHCR / NOVEMBER, 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Post Distribution Monitoring**\n###### **SHELTER AND** **NON-FOOD ITEMS** **ROHINGYA REFUGEE RESPONSE** **BANGLADESH**\n\n**NOVEMBER 2019**\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9b478488-a23e-3e73-a8d6-1b06df8eccad/73887.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_199/raw/doc_199_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_199/raw/doc_199_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c8195de6e3b7e37d4600e0d935c4c75bfdb8981d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_199/raw/doc_199_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "EGYPT REFUGEE AND RESILIENCE RESPONSE PLAN (ERRRP)\nSUMMARY / January - December 2025 1\n## EGYPT REFUGEE AND RESILIENCE RESPONSE PLAN (ERRRP) - SUMMARY\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Aff airs (MFA), UNHCR,\nthe United Nations Refugee Agency and the\nUnited Nations Development Programme\n(UNDP) are jointly leading the Egypt Refugee\nand Resilience Response Plan (ERRRP) 2025.\nThe ERRRP provides strategic guidance\nto the refugee response in the country,\nlays out the refugee coordination structure\nacross the various sectors, and estimates\nthe fi nancial requirements to respond to the\nidentifi ed humanitarian and development\nneeds. It provides a platform for facilitating\npartnerships among 30 partners that combine\nand leverage resources by working together\nin a transparent, respectful, and mutually\nbenefi cial way.\n\n\nWith almost one million refugees offi cially\nregistered in the country from 62 nationalities,\nEgypt is one of the largest refugee host\ncountries on the African continent, providing\nprotection for refugees and asylum-seekers\nfrom Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Eritrea and other\nnationalities. While some refugees, such as the\nSudanese, have fl ed the confl ict in their own\ncountry since mid-April 2023, others, like the\nSyrian refuges, fl ed their home country more\nthan a decade ago. The majority of refugees\n\n\n\nare living in urban areas such as Cairo,\nGiza, Alexandria, and Damietta. The ERRRP,\nwhile promoting the one-refugee approach,\nhighlights the response to Sudanese and\nSyrian refugees\u2019 crisis, as reported in the two\nrespective regional appeals.\n\n#### **Population Planning Figures**\n\n### **1,861,345**\n\n**Total Projected Population**\n**in Need as of the End of 2025**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b25a8ee3-2c62-47a6-bc7c-1c83df63b1fd/74344085-9fd2-57fc-b195-e6d40c39bd5a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EGYPT REFUGEE AND RESILIENCE RESPONSE PLAN (ERRRP)\nSUMMARY / January - December 2025 2\n\n#### Total Registered Population (As of the End of May 2025)\n\n\n\nBy highlighting the current needs of refugees\nand asylum-seekers, Third Country Nationals\n(TCNs) and aff ected host communities\nin Egypt, the ERRRP ensures solutionsoriented linkages between humanitarian and\ndevelopment responses. A wide range of\nstakeholders across government agencies\nand ministries, development actors, the World\nBank, UN agencies, NGOs and the private\nsector are involved in the implementation\nof the comprehensive response approach\nto refugee protection and solutions. This\ncooperation will guide the implementation of\nthe Government\u2019s 2019, and 2023 pledges\nmade at the Global Refugee Forums (GRFs) to\nsupport a progressively integrated approach\n\n\n\nto refugee assistance, aligned with the\nEgypt Vision 2030 and the United Nations\nSustainable Development Cooperation\nFramework (UNSDCF).\n\n\nIn 2025, ERRRP partners will prioritize\nlifesaving assistance and protection services\nas well as the search for and delivery of durable\nsolutions. Other priorities include advancing\nthe self-reliance of refugees and host\ncommunities, as well as promoting refugees\u2019\naccess to services and their basic rights. The\nneeds of refugees and host communities will\nbe met through multi-sectoral interventions to\naddress specifi c vulnerabilities and risks.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b25a8ee3-2c62-47a6-bc7c-1c83df63b1fd/74344085-9fd2-57fc-b195-e6d40c39bd5a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EGYPT REFUGEE AND RESILIENCE RESPONSE PLAN (ERRRP)\nSUMMARY / January - December 2025 3\n\n\n\nStrengthening of protection-sensitive and\nsafe access to education, health, shelter,\nnutrition and water, sanitation, and hygiene\n(WASH) services will continue to be pursued,\nas well as refugee inclusion within existing\nsocial welfare systems whenever possible,\nin partnership with the government both at\ncentral and local level and development actors.\nSocial cohesion and peaceful coexistence\nwill be strengthened through communitybased protection mechanisms with prioritized\nattention and effort towards individuals at\nheightened protection risk, including children,\nwomen and girls, youth, elderly, and persons\nwith specific needs. Refugees living with\ndisabilities or other diverse characteristics will\nbe supported, and their access to protection,\nassistance, and solutions improved, including\nresettlement whenever possible.\n\n\n\nAs the influx of refugees in Egypt is adding\npressure on existing national and local\nservices, infrastructure, and social cohesion\nenhanced cooperation among Humanitarian\nand Development actors are crucial to mitigate\nthese impacts.\n\n\nHumanitarian organizations will address\nimmediate basic needs, while working in\nclose coordination and complementarity with\ndevelopment partners and peace actors to\naddress the root causes in the countries of\norigin. Linkages with Egypt\u2019s development\npriorities and plans, particularly Egypt\u2019s Vision\n2030, will be established to mitigate the\nconsequences of the current economic crisis,\nwhich inadvertently affect the inclusion of\nrefugees in local systems and services.\n\n\nThe resilience-based development approach\nwill include engaging international financial\ninstitutions, philanthropies, as well as the\nprivate sector, to contribute to medium\nand long-term sustainability to attain the\nSustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This\napproach is strategically crafted to reinforce\nnational and local systems and institutions,\nimprove essential infrastructure, and expand\nequitable access to basic services, ensuring\nthat no one is left behind.\n\n\nThe involvement of grassroots organizations,\ncommunities, youth and women\u2019s groups,\nand local and national institutions promoting\nsocial cohesion is crucial. This ensures that\nhumanitarian and development partners can\nwork towards collective outcomes, maximizing\npositive impact, and fostering inclusion and\ngrowth. Resilience for all is a pathway towards\nstrengthening development and advancing\nlocally and nationally owned adaptive\nsolutions and capacities, aiding refugees and\nhost communities in becoming self-reliant\nand included, where possible, into local and\nnational systems and plans.\n\n\n\nAyesha from Somalia with her children waiting in one of UNHCR partners premises\nto receive the needed assistance.\n_\u00a9 UNHCR / Pedro Costa Gomes_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b25a8ee3-2c62-47a6-bc7c-1c83df63b1fd/74344085-9fd2-57fc-b195-e6d40c39bd5a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EGYPT REFUGEE AND RESILIENCE RESPONSE PLAN (ERRRP)\nSUMMARY / January - December 2025 4\n\n\nThomas William, a refugee from South Sudan, gets screened in an anti-Hepatitis C campaign for refugees in Egypt.\n_\u00a9 UNHCR / Pedro Costa Gomes_\n\n#### **Strategic Objectives of the Egypt RRRP 2025**\n\n\n\n**SO1:**\n**Support the GoE to preserve asylum**\n**space and further strengthen protection**\n**environment and continue to provide**\n**support to the GoE to develop a fair**\n**and effi cient asylum system in line with**\n**international standards.**\n\n\n**SO3:**\n**Advocate for and support the continuation**\n**of Government-led provision in social**\n**protection, education and healthcare to**\n**refugees. Promote self-reliance, livelihood**\n**opportunities, and socio-economic inclusion**\n**of refugees and asylum-seekers along**\n**with host communities in national services,**\n**through more sustainable and development-**\n**oriented interventions.**\n\n\n\n**SO2:**\n**Support the GoE to provide well-coordinated**\n**comprehensive multi-sectoral lifesaving**\n**protection and humanitarian assistance**\n**to new arrivals and support to host**\n**communities with special attention to**\n**persons at risk and in vulnerable situations.**\n\n\n**SO4:**\n**Advocate for more support by the**\n**international community to the government**\n**of Egypt to ensure the sustainability of**\n**services provided to refugees, asylum-**\n**seekers and host communities. Build**\n**resilience and social cohesion by promoting**\n**a localization approach.**\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b25a8ee3-2c62-47a6-bc7c-1c83df63b1fd/74344085-9fd2-57fc-b195-e6d40c39bd5a.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_2/raw/doc_2_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_2/raw/doc_2_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9724eace2cd5dc24d1c3746f230f531bdc4bd97a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_2/raw/doc_2_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# participation in the programme\n\n### **CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019** **2021**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## CONTENTS\n\n#### CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 3 I. KEY FINDINGS ..................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n\n\n#### '\n\n\n#### II. CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE PROGRAMME ............................................................................................................ 9 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 11\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## INTRODUCTION\n#### This report is mainly based on the results of the survey about intentions, challenges and obstacles encountered during participation in the compensation programme for damaged/destroyed housing objects launched within CMU resolution \u2116767. In addition, a significant deal of information was gathered during our monitoring visits to plenty of settlements in Donetska and Luhanska oblasts in the period of October-December. Our outreach workers and legal team also took part in some of the commission assessment sessions either as observers or members, thus they had an opportunity to obtain firsthand experience on the implementation of the programme. By focusing on the perspective of claimants, this report complements a survey conducted by UNHCR in November 2020, which focuses on the functioning of the local assessment commissions, based on observations from R2P and other NGO members or observers in these commissions. R2P launched this survey primarily to find out whether this programme is relevant for its target audience, as well as to reveal the pitfalls of the programme from the perspective of participants. Therefore, we decided to survey our beneficiaries of IDP and conflict-affected background who reportedly had problems with damaged/destroyed housing objects and those potential beneficiaries whom our outreach workers already knew or got to know during field trips. The survey has been conducted in the period of October-November in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts via phone and face-to-face interviews. Besides, upon the completion of the survey, some cases were directed to R2P legal team for further investigation. As a result, our team not only conducted research but also promptly provided assistance to those who were willing to participate in the programme but for some reason experienced difficulties with applying for monetary compensation/assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8851165771484375, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8481342196464539, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8728767037391663, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9149536490440369, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.511384129524231, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9126808047294617, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8815321326255798, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts", - "confidence": 0.6753018498420715, - "start": 243, - "end": 247 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## I. KEY FINDINGS\n\n### A. PROFILING OF THE HOUSING SITUATION\n\nOverall, our respondents were surveyed on 826 cases, including 325 on destroyed and\n\n501 on damaged housing objects. Some respondents had two housing objects damaged\n\nand/or destroyed, thus we decided to focus primarily on the number of cases since experience\n\nregarding each of them might vary.\n\n\nThe degree of damage indicated in the official certificates issued upon the\n\ncommission assessment did not always match respondents\u2019 own . Remarkably, in 12% (38)\n\ncases when people believed their housing to be destroyed they obtained a certificate on the\n\ndamaged housing whilst in 5% (23) cases it was the other way around. In turn, in 16% (134)\n\nout of all cases, no official assessment certificates were received. It should be noted that\n\nsometimes confusion arose when both participants and commissioners could not agree on\n\nthe character of housing damage since no clear instructions were found to be guided by.\n\n#### Condition of housing object according to official assessment certificates\n\n\nNo assessment certificate Damaged Destroyed\n\n\n\nDamaged\n\n\nDestroyed\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 100 200 300 400\n\n\nLevel of destruction according to assessment certificate\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is worth noticing that some of the housing was damaged several times. To be more\n\nprecise, 145 were damaged twice, 46 \u2013 three times, 29 \u2013 more than that. One housing object\n\neven suffered 10 times.\n\n#### Housing object was damaged...\n\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n1 time 2 times 3 times 4 times - 4 times\n\n\nMany housing objects took damage during the escalation of the hostilities in 2014 \u2013\n\n2015. As time passes, the condition of the affected housing could change \u2013 either\n\ndeteriorate or be improved by restoration. That is why there was a question on the\n\ncondition as of the moment of the interview in 2020. Half of the objects was partially or fully\n\nrestored.\n#### Housing condition as of interview\n\n\n\nDestroyed\n\n\nDamaged\n\n\nPartially restored\n\n\nFully restored\n\n\nUnspecified\n\n\n\n0 100 200 300 400\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some potential applicants, who happened to move out of the settlement after the\n\ndamage of their house, became not eligible for obtaining financial assistance on damaged\n\nhousing. In our survey, people lost the grounds for receiving assistance in 22% of cases (34 of\n\nthose 155 cases when the housing remained damaged as of interview date).\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **'**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn general, in 546 cases (66.1%) respondents considered participating in the existing\n\n\n\nmechanism of monetary compensation/assistance; in 243 (29.4%) \u2013 did not, whilst, for 37\n\ncases (4.5 percent), owners said that they did not meet the eligibility criteria, or were not\n\nready to comply with them. Given that different conditions apply for destroyed and\n\ndamaged housing units, it might be more useful to break down the aforementioned data.\n\nOut of 325 instances of allegedly destroyed housing, respondents contemplated taking part\n\nin the scheme in 76.3% of the cases and did not in 18.5%. Regarding the damaged objects,\n\n\n\nthe corresponding values were 59.5% and 36.5% respectively.\n\n\n\nThe major reason for not applying was unwillingness to abandon title deeds (161 or\n\n66%). Remarkably, the share of responses was quite alike regarding both damaged and\n\ndestroyed properties: 64.5% and 71.7% respectively. Taking into account that this requirement\n\nis not relevant for the former, it indicates low awareness on the programme conditions.\n\nUncertainty in the positive outcome of the time-consuming procedure and disbelief in the\n\nobjective nature of the assessment were more common in cases of damaged properties\n\n(nearly 15% each vs 5%). Lack of ownership documents and unsatisfactory amount of\n\ncompensation were quoted more often in regards to the destroyed dwellings (18% and almost\n\n17% vs nearly 9% and 6%). Unclear procedure was almost exclusively referred to by the owners\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of damaged estate (16 or 8.7% vs 1 or 1.7%), also approximately 11% had already been\n\nrehabilitated properties.\n\n\n\nUnwillingness to abandon ownership\n\n\nToo much efforts and lack of certainty of the\npositive outcome\n\n\nDisbelief in the objectivity of assessment\n\n\nLack of ownership documents\n\n\nInsufficient amount of compensation/assistance\n\n\nComplicated and unclear procedure\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOther reasons\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n20 40 60 80 100 120\n\n\n\nDestroyed Damaged\n\n\n\nHence, it may be noticed that the respondents were predominantly concerned about\n\n\n\ndocument-related issues, namely ownership matters. As we will see further, those issues will\n\n\n\nrepeatedly arise again during the implementation of the programme.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## II. CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE PROGRAMME\n\nAs mentioned above those people who compose the target audience of the\n\nprogramme often decided not to participate due to the lack of necessary documents\n\nconfirming their ownership status. In particular, some potential applicants did not apply to\n\nthe programme (Pyshchevyk, Zaitseve), or had their applications withheld on initial\n\nstages (Pivdenne). Besides, some people willing to participate faced issues with the\n\npreparation of notarized copies of title deeds since the village councils are not eligible to\n\nnotarize copies of such documents and there was no notary in settlements (Travneve). The\n\nsituation was even worse in remote settlements with adverse public transport where people\n\nregularly face hardships with access to administrative and documentation services.\n\n\nAnother document-related issue was associated with lacking proofs of the conflict\nrelated damage/destruction of housing objects. In Shchastia (Luhanska oblast) some\n\napplicants did not have acts on destruction even in one copy and no such copies were\n\npreserved in the local Military Civil Administration (MCA). Besides, some of the acts formalized\n\nbetween 2014 and 2015 were issued by Housing and Public Utilities enterprise and might not\n\ncomply with current formal requirements.\n\n\nSome people were not eager to participate in the programme since they did not want\n\nto lose their ownership rights on housing (Pervomaiske, Zaitseve, Sukha Balka). Remarkably,\n\nthere were cases in Shchastia, Vrubivka (Luhanska oblast) and Myronivskyi\n\n(Donetska oblast) when people insisted on preserving their rights nonetheless after having\n\ntheir housing objects accessed by the commission. In Myronivskyi, a group of applicants\n\nwrote a collective letter to the local council, subsequently redirected to Bakhmut Raion State\n\nAdministration, informing that they would not renounce property. From our observations,\n\npeople were concerned that would not give up their property rights beforehand without\n\nbeing certain whether they obtain any compensation or whether the amount would be\n\nsufficient.\n\n\nIn Zaitseve, there was a case of two people who refrained from participation in the\n\nprogramme because of the distrust to the state. They were afraid of being deceived arguing\n\nthat once they abandon ownership rights, neither a compensation would be granted nor\n\ntheir property rights would be restored.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some applicants, whose housing objects are located in settlements near to the contact\n\nline, could not get their properties accessed by the commission due to security reasons. In\n\nparticular, despite being requested, commissions did not visit some endangered parts of such\n\nsettlements as Pivdenne, Marinka, Krasnohorivka, Avdiivka, Opytne, Vodiane, Pisky, Berezove\n\n(Donetska oblast), and Zolote-4 (Luhanska oblast). In some cases, like in Marinka, JFO already\n\nconcluded there is no possibility to visit areas in the \u201cred zone\u201d, while in other cases, like in\n\nBerezove the decision of JFO was still being awaited.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## CONCLUSION\n\nIt has been revealed that a lot of potential applicants were not informed about the\n\ncompensation programme or had little knowledge about it. There was no massive information\n\ncampaign that tried to reach the target audience. As a result, people could not seize the\n\nopportunity to resolve their housing issues. Thus, state authorities should fill in the\n\ncommunication gap with IDPs and conflict-affected population since only civil society\n\norganizations remain key informants about any humanitarian initiatives.\n\n\nMany applicants perceived the procedure to be unclear and confusing. Hence, people\n\noften did not understand its logic and decided to give up. There is a need to improve the\n\nprocedure, especially regarding ownership rights. Currently people often remain\n\nhighly uncertain and insecure of a successful outcome.\n\n\nThe main obstacle for participation in the programme was the lack of ownership\n\ndocuments. It is noteworthy that people often purchased their housing bypassing formal\n\nrequirements and did not have a chance to formalize their property rights due to time or\n\nfinancial constraints. Consequently, they constitute the biggest risk group since they cannot\n\nclaim any compensation in case if their housing is damaged either by war-related or natural\n\nevents. It would be considerate to provide large-scope legal assistance for those people in\n\nadvance of implementation similar compensation programmes in future.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1073c8c3-6dfb-3e41-af95-d70f590af840/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_20/raw/doc_20_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_20/raw/doc_20_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e900abba30ed58930dee655d34b2411bc6c27e4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_20/raw/doc_20_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,527 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **\u2018In \r war \r before, \r they \r killed \r the \r men \r and \r left \r women \r and** **children; \r now \r they \r kill \r the \r women \r as \r they \r realise \r we \r make** **the \r men.\u2019 [1]**\n\n# **Protection \r Trends \r Analysis** **May \r 2014**\n\n1 \r Female \r representative \r South \r Sudan \r civil \r society, \r February \r 2014\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Table \r of \r Contents**\n\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **3**\n\n\n**INTRODUCTION** **5**\n\n\n**DETERIORATING \r CONFLICT \r DYNAMICS \r AND \r SPREADING \r VIOLENCE** **7**\n**COMMUNITY \r MOBILISATION** **9**\n**POLITICAL \r PLAYERS** **10**\n**EXTERNAL \r ACTORS** **10**\n**PEACE \r TALKS** **11**\n\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN: AN INVISIBLE CONFLICT?** **11**\n\n\n**CONFLICT \r IN \r ISOLATED \r AREAS** **11**\n**ON-\u00ad\u2010GOING \r DISPLACEMENT, \r WITH \r LIMITED \r PROTECTION** **13**\n**EXPOSURE \r TO \r SEXUAL \r BASED \r VIOLENCE** **13**\n**STRUCTURAL \r AND \r INSTITUTIONAL \r VIOLENCE** **14**\n**HATE \r SPEECH** **15**\n\n\n**INCREASED MOBILISATION AND MILITARISATION** **16**\n\n\n**CHILD \r RECRUITMENT \r AND \r CHILDREN \r ASSOCIATED \r WITH \r ARMED \r FORCES \r AND \r ARMED \r GROUPS**\n**(CAAFAG)** **16**\n**FORCIBLE \r RECRUITMENT \r OF \r ADULTS?** **16**\n**OCCUPATION \r OF \r CIVILIAN \r INFRASTRUCTURE** **17**\n\n\n**INCREASE IN LOCAL-LEVEL CONFLICT AND TENSIONS** **17**\n\n\n**LAND \r RELATED \r CONFLICT \r AND \r TENSIONS \r BETWEEN \r DISPLACED \r AND \r HOST \r COMMUNITIES** **17**\n\n\n**PROTECTION AND UNMISS PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS (POC) SITES** **18**\n\n\n**ESCALATING \r TENSIONS \r WITHIN \r UNMISS** **POC \r SITES** **18**\n**CRIMINALITY \r INSIDE \r POC \r SITES** **19**\n**SAFETY \r AND \r SECURITY \r AROUND \r POC \r SITES** **20**\n**FREEDOM \r OF \r MOVEMENT \r FROM \r POC \r AREAS** **21**\n**POPULATION \r INFLUX \r AND \r OUTFLOW \r TO \r POC \r AREAS.** **22**\n\n\n**HUMANITARIANS AND PROTECTION** **22**\n\n\n**IMPUNITY FOR SERIOUS VIOLATIONS AND ABUSES AGAINST CIVILIANS** **23**\n\n\n**CONCLUSION** **25**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive \r Summary**\n\nOn \r 9 \r May, \r the \r leadership \r of \r the \r warring \r sides \r in \r South \r Sudan\u2019s \r civil \r war \r signed \r another\nformal \r ceasefire \r agreement. \r Only \r time \r will \r tell \r whether \r the \r warring \r factions \r can \r gain \r the\nconfidence \r of \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan \r will \r honour \r the \r already \r tenuous \r ceasefire \r in \r the\nlong-\u00ad\u2010term. \r Even \r if \r the \r ceasefire \r holds, \r the \r severe \r impact \r and \r consequences \r of \r the \r present\nsituation \r will \r require \r a \r larger \r humanitarian \r response \r and \r continued \r political \r engagement \r by\nthe \r international \r community \r to \r avoid \r political \r paralysis \r within \r an \r active \r conflict.\n\nThe \r conflict \r has \r had, \r and \r continues \r to \r have, \r a \r devastating \r impact \r on \r the \r security \r and \r human\nrights \r of \r the \r civilian \r population \r of \r South \r Sudan, \r targeting, \r threatening \r and \r disempowering \r a\nsignificant \r portion \r of \r the \r population \r based \r on \r their \r political \r and/or \r ethnic \r identity, \r as \r well \r as\ntheir \r physical \r location, \r or \r gender. \r It \r has \r been \r described \r as \r a \r \u201ccrisis \r of \r protection\u201d, \r and \r has\ndramatically \r increased \r food \r insecurity \r and \r vulnerability \r to \r famine \r across \r the \r country. \r By \r the\nend \r of \r 2014, \r it \r is \r estimated \r that \r one \r in \r every \r two \r South \r Sudanese \r may \r be \r affected \r by \r the\nconflict \r and \r its \r consequences \r including \r through \r direct \r violence, \r illness \r and \r famine.\n\nReports \r documenting \r acts \r amounting \r to \r war \r crimes \r and \r crimes \r against \r humanity\n(committed \r by \r armed \r actors) \r during \r the \r violence \r over \r the \r last \r five \r months \r have \r been\npublished \r by \r UN \r Mission \r in \r South \r Sudan \r (UNMISS) \r Human \r Rights \r Division, \r Amnesty\nInternational \r and \r Human \r Rights \r Watch, \r among \r others. \r To \r complement \r existing \r reports, \r the\nProtection \r Cluster \r in \r South \r Sudan \r in \r conjunction \r with \r its \r partners \r have \r produced \r an\nupdated \r Protection \r Trends \r Analysis, \r outlining \r current \r trends \r and \r changes \r in \r the \r situation\nsince \r the \r initial \r report \r released \r on \r January \r 19. [2]\n\nThe \r aim \r of \r this \r report \r is \r to \r provide \r an \r overview \r of \r the \r main \r protection \r risks \r in \r South \r Sudan,\nhow \r protection \r threats \r have \r evolved \r since \r the \r outbreak \r of \r the \r conflict, \r and \r outline\nemerging \r and \r specific \r threats \r experienced \r by \r the \r civilian \r population. \r Physical \r security\ncaused \r by \r violence \r remains \r the \r single \r largest \r protection \r threat \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r Deliberate\ntargeting \r of \r the \r civilian \r populations, \r including \r specifically \r women \r and \r children, \r and\nwidespread \r destruction \r of \r civilian \r infrastructure \r and \r property, \r such \r as \r markets, \r homes,\nhealth \r facilities \r and \r livelihoods, \r has \r had \r a \r devastating \r impact \r on \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan.\nAlthough \r these \r and \r others \r protection \r threats \r are \r described \r in \r this \r report \r as \r distinct, \r they\nremain \r fundamentally \r interlinked \r requiring \r a \r cohesive \r protection \r and \r assistance \r response\nthat \r is \r sensitive \r to \r the \r broader \r context.\n\nSince \r January \r 2014, \r increasing \r attention \r has \r been \r paid \r to \r how \r the \r international \r community\naddresses \r protection \r issues \r and \r its \r impact \r on \r conflict \r dynamics. \r While \r there \r is \r willingness\namong \r humanitarian \r actors \r working \r in \r water, \r food \r security, \r or \r shelter \r to \r integrate\nprotection \r concerns \r and \r do \r no \r harm \r approaches \r into \r their \r responses, \r the \r lack \r of \r financial\nand \r staffing \r support \r represents \r the \r single \r most \r significant \r constraint \r to \r ensuring \r that\nprotection \r approaches \r are \r fully \r mainstreamed.\n\n\n2 \r Protection \r Cluster \r Trends \r Analysis, \r 19 \r January \r 2014.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "updated \r Protection \r Trends \r Analysis", - "confidence": 0.722824215888977, - "start": 289, - "end": 293 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7131767272949219, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9971753358840942, - "start": 251, - "end": 253 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It \r is \r also \r clear \r that \r humanitarian \r actors \r alone \r cannot \r address \r the \r significant \r and \r enduring\nprotection \r threats \r faced \r by \r South \r Sudan. \r In \r these \r regards, \r the \r visits \r of \r the \r United \r Nations\nSecretary \r General, \r the \r High \r Commissioner \r for \r Human \r Rights \r and \r the \r Special \r Advisor \r on \r the\nPrevention \r of \r Genocide \r are \r welcome \r signals \r of \r the \r commitment \r of \r the \r international\ncommunity \r to \r promote \r accountability \r and \r lasting \r political \r and \r national \r solutions \r to \r the\ncurrent \r crisis. \r Sustained \r engagement, \r both \r from \r the \r donor \r and \r diplomatic \r community, \r is \r an\nessential \r precondition \r to \r effective \r humanitarian \r response.\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\n\n1. Recognising \r that \r the \r driver \r of \r the \r humanitarian \r emergency \r is \r a\n\nprotection \r crisis \r due \r to \r the \r civil \r war \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r and \r deliberate\ntargeting \r of \r civilians, \r protection \r should \r remain \r the \r lens \r of \r analysis\nin \r understanding \r the \r humanitarian \r situation \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r The\ncurrent \r trajectory \r of \r the \r conflict \r suggests \r that \r the \r conflict \r is\nfurther \r embedding \r of \r the \r conflict \r and \r spreading \r outwards.\n2. In \r light \r of \r ceasefire \r agreements \r and \r commitments \r by \r the \r parties\n\nof \r the \r conflict \r to \r accountability, \r appropriate \r community \r based\nmonitoring \r and \r accountability \r mechanisms \r must \r be \r in \r place \r to\nensure \r practical \r and \r achievable \r accountability.\n3. UNMISS \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r is \r essential \r in \r the \r coming \r months,\n\nincluding \r provision \r of \r troops, \r civilian \r staff \r and \r other \r resources. \r As\nthe \r mandate \r is \r re-\u00ad\u2010oriented \r towards \r clearly \r prioritizing \r protection\nof \r civilians, \r civilian \r protection \r strategies \r can \r significantly \r upscale\nthe \r capacity \r of \r UNMISS \r to \r increase \r and \r diversify \r its \r Protection\nresponse.\n4. Protection \r programming \r requires \r continued \r and \r sustained\n\nresources \r as \r a \r stand-\u00ad\u2010alone \r activity, \r supporting \r community-\u00ad\u2010based\ninterventions. \r In \r addition, \r other \r humanitarian \r partners \r require\ncritical \r financial \r and \r technical \r support \r to \r fully \r implement \r do \r no\nharm \r and \r conflict \r sensitive \r programming.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\nThe \r crisis, \r which \r began \r on \r 15 \r December \r 2013 \r with \r the \r outbreak \r of \r political \r violence, \r based\non \r presumed \r political \r loyalties \r along \r ethnic \r lines, \r was \r precipitated \r by \r the \r internal \r political\nconflict \r within \r the \r Government \r of \r the \r Republic \r of \r South \r Sudan \r (GRSS), \r and \r the \r Sudan\nPeople\u2019s \r Liberation \r Movement \r (SPLM), \r splitting \r into \r those \r loyal \r to \r the \r Government \r and\nthose \r loyal \r to \r Opposition \r forces. \r They \r have \r subsequently \r engaged \r in \r political \r violence \r and\nmilitary \r violence \r through \r their \r armed \r forces \r of \r the \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Army\n(SPLA) \r and \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Army/ \r In \r Opposition \r (SPLA/IO).\n\nWhilst \r it \r is \r unclear \r what \r immediately \r triggered \r events \r in \r December \r the \r present \r conflict\ncannot \r be \r divorced \r from \r the \r political \r disputes \r and \r challenges \r to \r the \r leadership \r of \r SPLM,\ncombined \r with \r persistent \r exclusion \r and \r marginalization \r of \r large \r segments \r of \r South \r Sudan\u2019s\nethnically \r diverse \r population \r from \r political, \r economic \r and \r military \r power \r against \r a \r legacy \r of\ndeep \r societal \r divisions. \r South \r Sudan \r is \r presently \r experiencing \r a \r series \r of \r interlocking \r and\noverlapping \r conflicts \r in \r which \r ethnicities \r and \r community \r grievances \r are \r instrumentalised \r for\nmilitary \r and \r political \r gain. \r Credible \r reports \r indicate \r that \r actors \r are \r lading \r violent \r attacks \r in\nresponse \r to \r past \r events \r and \r unresolved \r grievances, \r with \r a \r view \r to \r improving \r their \r future\nposition \r and \r ability \r to \r influence \r national \r power \r dynamics. [3]\n\n\nThe \r past \r five \r months \r have \r seen \r significant \r violence \r against \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan, \r including \r direct violence, coercion and deliberate deprivation. \r This \r has \r exacerbated\nthe \r already \r chronic \r protection \r threats \r present \r in \r South \r Sudan \r prior \r to \r the \r most \r recent\nviolence, \r including \r severely \r limited \r access \r to \r justice, \r inequitable \r access \r to \r land, \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r violence, \r and \r the \r normalisation \r of \r sexual \r and \r gender \r based \r violence, \r child\nabductions \r and \r child \r recruitment.\n\nDespite \r a \r formal \r agreement \r to \r cease \r hostilities \r signed \r first \r on \r 23 \r January \r and \r again \r on \r 9\nMay, \r ongoing \r fighting \r has \r displaced \r more \r than \r a \r million \r people, \r with \r over \r 803,000 \r internally\ndisplaced \r persons \r (IDPs) \r and \r more \r than \r 275,000 \r fleeing \r to \r neighbouring \r countries \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r mainly\nUganda, \r Ethiopia, \r Sudan \r and \r Kenya. \r Although \r figures \r vary, \r an \r estimated \r 10,000 \r people \r have\nbeen \r killed \r in \r the \r conflict \r to \r date. \r Since \r the \r beginning \r of \r the \r conflict \r UNMISS \r has \r sheltered\ntens \r of \r thousands \r of \r civilians \r fleeing \r imminent \r physical \r harm, \r currently \r hosting \r some \r 70,000\nIDPs \r on \r a \r number \r of \r its \r bases \r across \r the \r country \r in \r severely \r overcrowded \r conditions. \r As \r the\nconflict \r persists \r the \r number \r of \r civilians \r displaced \r due \r to \r violence \r and \r seeking \r refuge \r in \r areas\noutside \r of \r UNMISS \r bases \r continues \r to \r grow, \r while \r the \r bases \r themselves \r have \r become \r direct\ntargets \r of \r armed \r attacks.\n\nRestrictions \r on \r freedom \r of \r movement \r of \r the \r population \r of \r South \r Sudan \r due \r to \r insecurity\nand \r increasingly \r deliberate \r measures \r taken \r by \r armed \r groups \r against \r civilians \r and\nhumanitarian \r actors, \r place \r additional \r risks \r and \r strains \r on \r food \r security, \r livelihoods \r and\naccess \r to \r other \r fundamental \r human \r rights, \r undermining \r any \r coping \r strategies \r that \r would\nnormally \r be \r available \r through \r pre-\u00ad\u2010emptive \r displacement \r or \r normal \r migratory \r patterns.\n\n\n3 \r Hutton, \r L, \r South \r Sudan: \r From \r Fragility \r at \r Independence \r to \r a \r Crisis \r of \r Sovereignty, \r Clingendael \r Institute, \r Match\n2014\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Growing \r food \r insecurity \r represents \r another \r significant \r threat \r to \r life \r and \r will \r continue \r to\ndrive \r conflict \r during \r the \r remainder \r of \r 2014 \r and \r beyond, \r with \r over \r 3 \r million \r people\nestimated \r to \r be \r at \r acute \r or \r emergency \r risk \r of \r food \r insecurity \r and \r up \r to \r 7 \r million \r at \r risk \r of\nfood \r insecurity.\n\nAll \r ten \r states \r in \r South \r Sudan \r have \r been \r affected \r by \r the \r conflict. \r Major \r armed \r hostilities\nbetween \r GRSS \r and \r Opposition \r forces \r have \r largely \r centred \r on \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r area\nand \r Central \r Equatoria \r State. \r However, \r the \r influx \r of \r displaced \r persons \r into \r neighbouring\nstates, \r including \r Eastern \r Equatoria \r and \r Lakes \r States, \r mobilization \r of \r community \r and \r youth\nmilitia \r and \r recruitment \r into \r SPLA \r and \r Opposition \r forces, \r has \r meant \r that \r no \r state \r in \r South\nSudan \r remains \r unaffected.\n\nPrior \r to \r the \r 9 \r May \r Agreement \r between \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r calling \r for \r an\nimmediate \r ceasefire \r and \r further \r discussions \r to \r agree \r on \r a \r transitional \r Government, \r lower\nintensity \r conflict \r is \r expected \r to \r continue \r throughout \r the \r rainy \r season. \r The \r durability \r of \r the \r 9\nMay \r Agreement \r remains \r to \r be \r seen, \r especially \r given \r questions \r about \r command \r and \r control\nover \r perpetrators \r of \r armed \r violence \r on \r the \r ground. \r Without \r timely \r interventions \r to\nsafeguard \r civilians, \r protect \r livelihoods \r and \r support \r community \r resilience \r mechanisms,\nviolence \r could \r spread \r throughout \r the \r county \r further \r destabilizing \r so-\u00ad\u2010called \r less-\u00ad\u2010affected \r or\n\u2018stable\u2019 \r states.\n\nThe \r Protection \r Cluster \r and \r its \r partners \r have \r developed \r a \r common \r understanding \r of \r the \r key\nprotection \r threats \r and \r trends \r in \r the \r current \r crisis, \r which \r underlines \r the \r gravity \r of \r upcoming\nand \r threats \r to \r the \r population \r of \r South \r Sudan \r if \r the \r international \r community \r does \r not \r take\nurgent \r action. \r In \r response \r to \r the \r current \r operating \r environment, \r where \r humanitarian \r actors\nare \r increasingly \r encountering \r protection \r threats \r in \r their \r day-\u00ad\u2010to-\u00ad\u2010day \r work, \r this \r report \r also\nhighlights \r some \r of \r the \r measures \r taken \r by \r the \r broader \r humanitarian \r community \r to \r mitigate\nthese.\n\n\nThe \r present \r report \r is \r based \r on \r information \r received \r by \r the \r Cluster \r through \r credible, \r multi-\u00ad\u2010\nsourced, \r direct \r witness \r accounts \r and \r testimonies, \r observations \r of \r people \r on \r the \r ground, \r as\nwell \r as \r reports \r from \r media \r and \r other \r public \r sources. \r The \r information \r indicates \r both \r real\nand \r perceived \r patterns \r and \r trends \r identified \r by \r civilians \r affected \r by \r violence \r and\ndisplacement \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\n\nThis \r report \r is \r not \r an \r exhaustive \r overview \r of \r the \r present \r situation, \r but \r serves \r to \r highlight\ntrends \r and \r observations \r that \r should \r help \r to \r inform \r the \r response \r of \r both \r humanitarian \r and\npolitical \r actors \r to \r the \r serious \r protection \r threats \r faced \r by \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan. \r Among \r others, \r key \r emerging \r and \r risks \r outlined \r below \r include \r increased \r ethnic\npolarization \r and \r targeted \r violence \r present \r at \r all \r levels \r of \r society; \r increased \r brutality \r in \r the\nconduct \r of \r hostilities \r and \r reprisal \r attacks, \r including \r the \r use \r of \r rape \r and \r other \r gender \r based\nviolence \r as \r a \r weapon \r of \r war; \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r \u201ccommunity \r mobilization\u201d \r for \r the \r purposes \r of\nrecruitment \r and \r increasing \r reports \r of \r child \r recruitment; \r spreading \r of \r violence \r and \r impacts\nof \r conflict \r well \r beyond \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r Region; \r increased \r involvement \r of \r non-\u00ad\u2010state\nand \r regional \r actors; \r increased \r inter/intra \r clan \r violence \r fed \r and \r exacerbated \r by \r the \r dynamics\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of \r the \r current \r crisis; \r and \r emerging \r threats \r arising \r from \r increased \r food/livelihoods \r insecurity.\n\n#### **Deteriorating \r conflict \r dynamics \r and \r spreading \r violence**\n\nDuring \r the \r week \r of \r violence \r which \r began \r on \r December \r 15 \r with \r clashes \r within \r Government\nsecurity \r forces, \r leading \r to \r high \r profile \r arrests \r and \r purges \r within \r Government \r and \r its \r security\norgans, \r leading \r to \r violence \r targeting \r civilians, \r an \r estimated \r 600 \r people \r were \r killed. \r By \r the\nend \r of \r the \r week, \r armed \r violence \r had \r swept \r across \r parts \r of \r Central \r Equatoria, \r Jonglei, \r Upper\nNile \r and \r Unity \r states, \r with \r mass \r defections \r from \r the \r GRSS \r armed \r forces, \r community\nmobilisation \r and \r ethnic \r targeting \r of \r the \r civilian \r population \r and \r massive \r brutality.\n\n\nSince \r December \r 2013, \r human \r rights \r organisations \r and \r protection \r actors [4] have \r documented\nwidespread \r gross \r human \r rights \r violations \r such \r as \r the \r use, \r by \r various \r armed \r actors \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r whether\nGovernment, \r Opposition \r or \r affiliates-\u00ad\u2010 \r of \r torture, \r sexual \r violence \r including \r gang \r rape, \r extra\njudicial \r killings, \r razing \r of \r homes \r and \r markets, \r systematic \r looting \r and \r diversion \r of \r food \r and\nmedical \r stocks, \r and \r targeting \r civilian \r populations \r and \r installations \r such \r as \r hospitals \r and\nchurches. [5] Military \r engagement \r between \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r forces \r in \r towns \r and\nother \r areas \r on \r strategic \r routes \r has \r been \r accompanied \r by \r verifiable \r and \r unverified \r reports \r of\natrocities \r against \r the \r civilian \r population.\n\n\nNot \r only \r are \r civilians \r being \r targeted \r on \r the \r basis \r of \r their \r ethnicity \r but \r also \r because \r of \r their\npresumed \r affiliations \r with \r the \r \u201cwrong \r side\u201d \r of \r the \r conflict \r by \r virtue \r of \r their \r tribal \r affiliation,\npolitical \r beliefs, \r or \r choosing \r not \r to \r become \r a \r combatant. \r These \r tactics \r have \r been \r used \r to\ndeliberately \r deprive \r and \r coerce \r populations \r for \r broader \r military \r and \r political \r objectives \r \u2013\nrestricting \r the \r means \r of \r subsistence \r and \r survival \r and \r causing \r acute \r suffering. \r Despite \r repeat\nsigning \r of \r the \r Cessation \r of \r Hostilities \r (CoH) \r agreements, \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r forces\n(and \r their \r proxies) \r continue \r to \r wantonly \r target \r civilians \r and \r civilian \r property \r in \r plain \r sight \r of\nthe \r international \r community. \r Under \r international \r law \r deliberate \r targeting \r of \r civilians\nconstitutes \r a \r war \r crime \r and, \r if \r conducted \r systematically \r and \r on \r a \r large \r scale, \r could \r amount\nto \r crimes \r against \r humanity.\n\n\nAlthough \r major \r armed \r hostilities \r have \r largely \r focused \r on \r strategic \r areas \r in \r Greater \r Upper\nNile, \r the \r impact \r of \r the \r conflict \r is \r much \r more \r widely \r felt \r and \r risks \r spilling \r into \r areas \r that \r are\nerroneously \r deemed \r \u201cstable\u201d \r or \r \u201cless \r affected\u201d. \r Indicative \r of \r this \r are \r reports \r of \r sporadic\nviolence \r in \r Warrap \r and \r Lakes \r States, \r mobilization \r of \r community \r and \r youth \r militias, \r forced\nrecruitment \r and \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r army \r defections, \r with \r associated \r violence \r in \r Western \r Equatoria,\nCentral \r Equatoria, \r Western \r and \r Northern \r Bahr-\u00ad\u2010el \r Ghazal, \r Unity, \r Upper \r Nile \r and \r Jonglei\nStates.\n\n\nFighting \r in \r and \r around \r areas \r hosting \r refugees \r from \r outside \r South \r Sudan \r in \r Upper \r Nile \r and\nUnity \r States \r is \r further \r exacerbating \r poor \r security \r conditions \r for \r refugees \r and \r complicating\nrelations \r between \r refugee, \r IDP \r and \r host \r communities. [6] The \r breakdown \r of \r social \r and\neconomic \r bonds \r that \r currently \r are \r seen \r to \r protect \r some \r communities \r from \r being \r dragged\n\n\n4 \r South \r Sudan \r Protection \r Cluster \r Trends \r paper, \r January \r 2014; \r Human \r Rights \r Watch \r reporting \r see:\n5 \r See, \r e.g., \r UNMISS \r Interim \r Report \r on \r Human \r Rights \r Abuses \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r 21 \r Feb \r 2014; \r Protection \r Cluster\nTrends \r Analysis, \r 19 \r Jan \r 2014, \r available \r at http://southsudanprotectioncluster.org; \r and \r MSF \r press \r statements\nJan-\u00ad\u2010Apr \r 2014 \r see \r http://www.msf.org.uk/country-\u00ad\u2010region/south-\u00ad\u2010sudan\n6 \r South \r Sudan \r Protection \r Cluster \r Trends \r paper, \r January \r 2014\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "into \r a \r wider \r conflict \r could \r do \r more \r to \r entrench \r violent \r conflict \r (by \r hardening \r ethnic\nidentities) \r than \r national \r level \r military \r hostilities.\n\n\nThe \r observed \r deterioration \r and \r spread \r of \r violence \r from \r one \r area \r to \r another \r is \r in \r part\nenabled \r by \r the \r widespread \r availability \r and \r prevalence \r of \r small \r arms. \r It \r is \r impossible \r to\ncredibly \r estimate \r the \r extent \r of \r the \r flow \r and \r number \r of \r arms \r into \r and \r within \r the \r country,\ngiven \r South \r Sudan\u2019s \r porous \r regional \r and \r internal \r borders. \r In \r 2011, \r Small \r Arms \r Survey\nestimated \r that \r the \r existing \r security \r forces \r \u2013 \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Army \r (SPLA),\nSouth \r Sudan \r National \r Police \r Service \r (SSNPS), \r Wildlife \r and \r Fire \r Brigade, \r numbering \r 300,000 \r -\u00ad\u2010\nheld \r 317,000 \r small \r arms \r and \r light \r weapons \r in \r their \r possession. \r Even \r this \r figure \r is \r widely\nrecognized \r as \r not \r being \r reflective \r of \r the \r real \r level \r of \r arms \r available \r in \r the \r country.\nMoreover, \r the \r admitted \r existence \r of \r \u201cghost \r soldiers\u201d \r on \r the \r payroll \r of \r GRSS \r security \r forces\nmake \r it \r difficult \r to \r assert \r exactly \r how \r many \r individuals \r make \r up \r the \r total \r number \r of \r formal\nor \r informal \r security \r services. \r It \r is \r also \r not \r accounting \r for \r the \r arms \r that \r civilians \r may \r hold\nfor \r their \r own \r protection, \r which \r are \r used \r for \r opportunistic \r crimes \r and \r engaging \r in \r the\ncurrent \r ethnic \r targeting.\n\n\nFinally, \r the \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan \r is \r complicated \r by \r the \r involvement \r of \r regional \r armed\nactors \r such \r as \r the \r engagement \r of \r the \r Justice \r Equality \r Movement \r (JEM) \r in \r Unity \r State \r and\npresence \r of \r the \r Ugandan \r Peoples \r Defence \r Force \r (UPDF) \r deployed \r at \r the \r request \r of \r the\nPresident, \r with \r the \r stated \r intent \r to \r safeguard \r the \r sovereignty \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r Threats \r to \r oil\ninstallations \r and \r activities \r of \r members \r of \r the \r Sudan \r Revolutionary \r Front \r (SRF) \r could \r further\nembroil \r Sudan \r into \r the \r conflict \r at \r the \r border, \r which \r remains \r tenuous. \r Despite \r strong \r public\nstatements \r by \r South \r Sudan\u2019s \r President \r Kiir \r and \r Sudan\u2019s \r President \r Omar \r al-\u00ad\u2010Bashir \r to \r stand\nunited, \r Khartoum\u2019 \r loyalties \r are \r unpredictable. \r A \r key \r sticking \r point \r for \r Sudan \r will \r remain\nUganda\u2019s \r engagement, \r and \r alliances \r between \r the \r SPLA \r and \r Sudanese \r armed \r groups, \r such \r as\nthe \r SRF \r or \r other \r Darfuri \r groups, \r or \r the \r influence \r of \r military \r hardliners \r in \r President \r Kiir\u2019s\ninner \r circle, \r including \r loyalists \r who \r were \r part \r of \r the \r Khartoum \r Government \r of \r National\nUnity \r (GNU).\n\n\nThe \r withdrawal \r of \r UPDF \r from \r South \r Sudan \r has \r been \r one \r of \r Riek \r Machar\u2019s \r main\npreconditions \r during \r the \r Addis \r Ababa \r talks \r and \r could \r also \r be \r seen \r as \r an \r indicator \r of \r the\nGovernment\u2019s \r commitment \r to \r a \r peaceful \r resolution \r to \r the \r conflict. \r What \r is \r clear \r is \r that \r both\nparties \r continue \r to \r employ \r military \r engagement, \r delaying \r tactics, \r and \r exchange \r accusations\nof \r mass \r atrocities \r committed \r by \r the \r other \r side \r to \r seek \r political \r leverage \r in \r Addis \r Ababa.\nFinally, \r the \r influx \r of \r refugees \r into \r Kenya, \r Uganda, \r Ethiopia \r and \r Sudan \r presents \r serious\nhuman \r security \r challenges \r for \r these \r countries, \r especially \r if \r these \r numbers \r swell \r in\nanticipation \r of \r further \r conflict, \r violence \r and \r displacement.\n\n\nIn \r a \r country \r where \r prevalence \r of \r arms \r was \r already \r notoriously \r high, \r individuals \r and\ncommunities \r are \r resorting \r to \r armed \r violence, \r against \r an \r environment \r of \r impunity \r and \r lack\nof \r law \r enforcement \r capacity, \r constantly \r shifting \r frontlines \r in \r the \r armed \r conflict, \r affecting\nperceptions \r of \r security \r and \r self-\u00ad\u2010help \r measures \r taken \r ensure \r the \r safety \r of \r families,\nlivelihoods, \r land \r and \r cattle. \r The \r widespread \r availability \r and \r use \r of \r arms \r perpetuates \r the\ncycle \r of \r retaliation \r and \r generalized \r insecurity, \r as \r well \r as \r increasing \r incidents \r of\nopportunistic, \r violent \r criminality. \r Reports \r of \r the \r mobilization \r of \r informal \r militias \r also \r raise\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Small \r Arms \r Survey", - "confidence": 0.9990857839584351, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7496073246002197, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9960041642189026, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9976671934127808, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "security \r forces", - "confidence": 0.6267254948616028, - "start": 91, - "end": 93 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "serious \r protection \r concerns, \r given \r the \r ill \r discipline \r and \r lack \r of \r effective \r command \r and\ncontrol \r structures \r over \r these \r irregular \r forces.\n\n\nThe \r civilian \r and \r humanitarian \r character \r of \r refugee \r camps \r is \r also \r being \r increasingly\ncompromised. \r The \r situation \r in \r refugee \r hosting \r areas \r in \r Unity \r and \r Upper \r Nile \r in \r particular \r is\ncomplicated \r by \r large \r numbers \r of \r IDPs \r fleeing \r instability \r and \r regular \r upsurges \r in \r fighting,\nposing \r significant \r physical \r security \r risks \r and \r further \r challenges \r to \r the \r civilian \r and\nhumanitarian \r character \r of \r refugee \r hosting \r area. \r Allegations \r or \r presumptions \r that \r some\namong \r refugee \r populations \r or \r refugee \r leaders \r have \r or \r may \r \u201ctake \r sides\u201d \r create \r further\ninsecurity \r and \r risk \r de-\u00ad\u2010stabilization \r in \r these \r areas \r and \r threaten \r security \r of \r refugees, \r host\ncommunities \r and \r IDPs.\n\n#### **Community \r mobilisation**\n\nIn \r response \r to \r the \r outbreak \r of \r violence \r in \r December \r 2013, \r different \r communities \r across\nSouth \r Sudan \r have \r reportedly \r mobilized \r militarized \r youth, \r community \r defence \r groups \r or\ninformal \r militias. \r Specific \r examples \r include, \r the \r White \r Army \r \u2013 \r a \r coalition \r of \r Gawaar, \r Lou \r and\nJikany \r Nuer, \r Dinka _titweng_ -\u00ad\u2010 \r armed \r cattle \r keepers \r in \r the \r Twic \r area \r of \r Jonglei \r State \r and \r parts\nof \r Northern \r Bahr \r el \r Ghazal \r State, \r as \r well \r as \r Mundari \r groups \r in \r Central \r Equatoria. \r Some \r of\nthese \r groups \r are \r more \r visibly \r active \r in \r the \r conflict \r than \r others \r and \r are \r not \r often \r involved \r or\nengaged \r in \r violence \r linked \r to \r the \r interest \r of \r South \r Sudan\u2019s \r political \r elites, \r instead \r primarily\nusing \r the \r current \r conflict \r as \r an \r opportunity \r to \r respond \r to \r both \r current \r and \r historic \r injustice\nand \r pre-\u00ad\u2010existing \r grievances.\n\nThe \r easy \r access \r to \r arms, \r combined \r with \r the \r security \r and \r leadership \r vacuum, \r and\nexperiences \r of \r conflict \r create \r a \r cycle \r of \r marginalization \r and \r revenge, \r and \r are \r key \r catalysts\nfor \r mobilisation. \r Youth, \r predominantly \r boys \r and \r young \r men, \r are \r actively \r recruited \r into\nthese \r groups \r and \r refusal \r to \r engage \r can \r be \r a \r factor \r for \r social \r isolation \r and \r exclusion \r or\nworse. \r Although \r members \r of \r these \r groups \r are \r perceived \r as \r poorly \r trained, \r this \r is \r not \r always\nthe \r case. \r Moreover, \r primary \r loyalties \r of \r these \r groups \r are \r often \r to \r the \r clan \r or \r specific \r ethnic\naffiliation, \r its \r members, \r leaders \r within \r and \r communities \r as \r opposed \r to \r military \r commanders\nwith \r whom \r they \r may \r be \r presently \r allied.\n\nLarge-\u00ad\u2010scale \r mobilisations \r risk \r widening \r and \r deepening \r the \r conflict \r further, \r while \r at \r the \r same\ntime \r entrenching \r violence \r along \r ethnic \r lines. \r Targeted \r killings \r of \r one \r ethnic \r group \r by\nanother, \r whether \r actual \r or \r perceived, \r have \r been \r a \r powerful \r mobilizing \r tool \r for \r youth\ngroups. \r As \r more \r communities \r come \r under \r attack \r this \r will \r continue \r to \r aid \r recruitment, \r and\ncommunity \r engagement \r in \r brutal \r cycles \r of \r violence. \r However, \r it \r is \r important \r to \r also\nrecognize \r that \r mobilisation \r has \r occurred \r for \r a \r variety \r of \r reasons: \r offensive \r and \r defensive\ncommunity \r security \r (including \r revenge \r attacks \r to \r protect \r livelihoods \r or \r to \r reprisal \r along\nethnic \r lines), \r opportunistic \r alliances \r to \r gain \r access \r to \r political \r or \r economic \r power, \r or \r social\nmobility, \r allowing \r military \r actors \r to \r open \r up \r new \r fronts, \r and \r unleash \r secondary \r conflicts \r as\npart \r of \r wider \r military \r strategies \r and \r political \r manipulation \r of \r certain \r groups \r and \r grievances.\nMobilisation \r is \r facilitated \r and \r exacerbated \r paradoxically \r by \r poor \r information \r networks\nwhich \r allow \r rumours \r to \r spread \r and \r limit \r knowledge \r of \r political \r developments \r such \r as\nceasefire \r arrangements.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At \r times, \r many \r of \r these \r motivations \r may \r be \r deeply \r interlinked. \r For \r example, \r the \r White\nArmy \r is \r said \r to \r be \r primarily \r motivated \r by \r the \r desire \r to \r seek \r revenge \r for \r ethnic \r killings \r of\nNuer \r civilians \r in \r Juba, \r whilst \r also \r being \r linked \r through \r military \r loyalties \r to \r key \r defecting\nmembers \r of \r the \r SPLA, \r while \r also \r being \r a \r key \r defence \r group \r for \r northern \r Jonglei. \r The \r White\nArmy \r is \r likely \r to \r shift \r its \r agenda \r and \r purpose \r throughout \r the \r conflict. \r Importantly, \r intra-\u00ad\u2010\nNuer \r conflicts \r have \r been \r noted \r as \r being \r some \r of \r the \r most \r brutal \r in \r recent \r years \r and \r clear\ndivisions \r exist \r between \r the \r Nuer \r clans, \r who \r make \r up \r one \r of \r the \r most \r well \r armed \r local\nmilitias \r in \r the \r country. \r As \r old \r and \r new \r local \r militias \r crop \r up, \r communities \r seek \r to \r protect\nthemselves \r and \r further \r exacerbating \r communal \r tensions \r and \r insecurity. \r The \r potential\nimpact \r of \r communal \r violence, \r if \r fully \r unleashed, \r will \r have \r a \r devastating \r impact \r on \r the\nhumanitarian \r situation \r in \r country.\n\n#### **Political \r Players**\n\nThe \r current \r political \r landscape \r of \r the \r conflict \r is \r concentrated \r around \r the \r political \r conflict\nbetween \r former \r Vice-\u00ad\u2010President \r Riek \r Machar, \r as \r the \r figurehead \r leader \r of \r the \r Opposition \r and\nPresident \r Salva \r Kiir \r as \r the \r current \r head \r of \r the \r SPLM \r and \r Government. \r This \r simplistic \r reading\nassumes \r that \r both \r leaders \r are \r able \r to \r unify \r political \r and \r military \r forces, \r which \r is \r not \r the\ncase.\n\nAs \r the \r conflict \r has \r continued, \r neither \r Machar \r nor \r Kiir \r have \r been \r able \r to \r create \r a \r unified\nfront \r within \r his \r or \r her \r own \r fragmented \r interest \r groups. \r At \r the \r political \r level \r the \r SPLM \r has\nbeen \r an \r institution \r riven \r by \r internal \r divisions \r and \r competing \r interests \r groups, \r requiring \r Kiir\nto \r negotiate \r a \r delicate \r balance \r between \r hardliners \r and \r loyalists. \r Machar \r cannot \r claim \r the\nloyalty \r or \r indeed \r support \r of \r the \r former \r political \r detainees, \r a \r number \r of \r whom \r are \r now \r part\nof \r the \r IGAD \r mediation \r process, \r representing \r a \r \u201cthird \r front\u201d \r of \r \u201cmoderate\u201d \r political \r leaders;\nthis \r includes \r Rebecca \r Garang \r an \r iconic \r figure \r within \r the \r SPLM \r movement \r and \r influential\nDinka \r Bor \r leader.\n\nHowever \r powerful \r many \r of \r these \r political \r figures \r are \r it \r does \r not \r necessarily \r mean \r that \r they\ncommand \r support \r of \r the \r South \r Sudanese \r population. \r Indeed, \r it \r is \r important \r to \r remember\nthat \r many \r of \r these \r leaders \r were \r linked \r to \r allegations \r of \r corruption, \r and \r stoking \r internal\narmed \r conflict \r (inter-\u00ad\u2010communal).\n\n#### **External \r Actors**\n\nEvents \r in \r South \r Sudan \r are \r incredibly \r important \r to \r key \r regional \r actors. \r Renewed \r conflict \r risks\ndestabilizing \r the \r region \r economically, \r as \r well \r as \r causing \r spill \r over \r violence \r and \r related\nimpacts, \r such \r as \r the \r deepening \r refugee \r crisis. \r Key \r regional \r actors \r such \r as \r Sudan, \r Ethiopia,\nUganda \r and \r Kenya \r have \r thrown \r their \r support \r behind \r the \r IGAD \r peace \r efforts. \r However, \r each\nhas \r powerful \r interests \r and \r shifting \r agendas \r vis-\u00ad\u2010\u00e0-\u00ad\u2010vis \r South \r Sudan \r that \r must \r be \r keenly\nmonitored. \r For \r Sudan, \r stability \r and \r securing \r oil \r revenue \r is \r critical. \r Bashir\u2019s \r overt \r support \r for\nKiir \r is \r dubious \r to \r say \r the \r least. \r Reports \r of \r SPLM-\u00ad\u2010North \r and \r JEM \r (member \r of \r the \r Sudan\nRevolutionary \r Front) \r engagement \r also \r call \r to \r attention \r the \r tenuous \r nature \r Sudan-\u00ad\u2010South\nSudan \r military \r relations. \r Uganda \r continues \r to \r provide \r Kiir \r with \r direct \r military \r support \r for\nthe \r purpose \r of \r defence \r and \r territorial \r gain. \r This \r questions \r the \r impartiality \r of \r Uganda \r in \r the\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conflict \r and \r is \r having \r serious \r repercussions \r for \r Ugandan \r citizens \r working \r within \r the \r aid\ncommunity. \r Their \r protected \r status \r as \r humanitarian \r personnel \r continues \r to \r be\ncompromised. \r Other \r countries \r such \r as \r Ethiopia \r and \r Rwanda \r are \r also \r intimately \r tied \r to\npeacekeeping \r missions. \r If \r regional \r players \r fail \r to \r have \r a \r clear \r regional \r approach \r to \r South\nSudan \r and \r ending \r the \r conflict \r their \r involvement \r may \r actually \r serve \r to \r prolong \r the \r conflict,\nand \r increase \r the \r risk \r of \r violence \r against \r foreign \r nationals \r from \r those \r countries.\n\n#### **Peace \r Talks**\n\nIt \r is \r important \r to \r recognise \r that \r both \r the \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r have \r signed\nagreements \r to \r protect \r the \r civilian \r population \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r In \r reality, \r these \r commitments\nare \r not \r translating \r into \r increased \r peace \r and \r security \r for \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r While\nimportant \r to \r continue \r to \r pursue \r a \r tangible \r peace \r process, \r the \r ground \r reality \r should \r not \r be\noverlooked \r in \r the \r process \r of \r encouraging \r political \r processes.\n\nThe \r IGAD \r mediated \r peace \r talks \r that \r have \r produced \r a \r series \r of \r fragile \r deals-\u00ad\u2010 \r Cessation \r of\nHostilities \r (Jan \r 2014), \r its \r recommitment \r (April \r 2014), \r and \r the \r 9 \r May \r agreement. \r Whilst\nregional \r leaders \r rapidly \r launched \r the \r IGAD \r led \r mediation \r efforts, \r negotiations \r have \r been\nmarred \r by \r political \r power \r play, \r unreasonable \r time \r frames, \r a \r milestone \r driven \r approach, \r and\nhas \r been \r limited \r to \r exclusive \r participation \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r elites.\n\nJust \r as \r the \r 2005 \r CPA \r process \r was \r critically \r deficient \r in \r achieving \r an \r inclusive \r process \r that\nresolved \r the \r root \r causes \r of \r conflict, \r the \r IGAD \r process \r risks \r making \r the \r same \r mistakes. \r The\ncurrent \r process \r is \r open \r to \r the \r political \r manipulation \r by \r the \r Opposition \r and \r Government\nwho \r frequently \r deploy \r delaying \r tactics \r and \r impose \r preconditions \r on \r an \r already \r convoluted\nprocess. \r The \r lack \r of \r robust \r follow-\u00ad\u2010up \r to \r violations \r of \r the \r cessation \r of \r hostilities \r is\nconcerning, \r as \r is \r the \r lack \r of \r will \r to \r grant \r a \r temporary \r ceasefire \r to \r support \r the \r movement \r of\ncivilians \r and \r humanitarian \r personnel \r and \r assets \r before \r the \r worst \r part \r of \r the \r rainy \r season.\nGaining \r military \r advantage \r appears \r to \r be \r the \r overriding \r motivation \r of \r all \r relevant \r parties.\nThe \r IGAD \r process \r will \r need \r to \r be \r clearly \r orientated \r towards \r an \r approach \r that \r places \r the\ninterests \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r people \r at \r the \r centre, \r articulates \r a \r process \r of \r accountability,\ndiscusses \r realistic \r measures \r to \r enable \r durable \r solutions \r to \r those \r displaced \r by \r violence, \r and\nis \r realistic \r in \r terms \r of \r a \r timeframe.\n\n## **South \r Sudan: \r An \r Invisible \r Conflict?**\n\n#### **Conflict \r in \r isolated \r areas**\n\nWhile \r actors \r such \r as \r have \r made \r efforts \r UNMISS \r (Human \r Rights \r Division), \r Human \r Rights\nWatch, \r Amnesty \r International \r and \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r to \r gather \r information \r on \r the\ncontext \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r the \r reality \r is \r that \r whatever \r is \r possible \r to \r observe \r and \r document,\nthe \r invisible \r conflict \r is \r likely \r to \r be \r much \r worse.\n\nWhile \r there \r have \r been \r very \r visible \r impacts \r of \r the \r violence \r over \r the \r last \r five \r months \r not\nleast \r the \r significant \r displacement \r of \r populations \r into \r PoC \r sites, \r and \r the \r depopulation \r of\nareas \r of \r Juba, \r Bor, \r Malakal \r and \r Bentiu, \r these \r towns \r account \r for \r a \r fraction \r of \r the \r over-\u00ad\u2010 \r all\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "percentage \r of \r the \r population \r in \r the \r most \r affected \r States \r of \r Upper \r Nile, \r Unity, \r Jonglei \r and\nCentral \r Equitoria \r State. \r While \r reports \r cannot \r be \r confirmed, \r because \r of \r poor \r access \r and\nlimited \r presence \r of \r humanitarian \r and \r human \r rights \r partners \r to \r large \r parts \r of \r South \r Sudan,\nthe \r indications \r from \r existing \r reports \r are \r deeply \r concerning.\n\nIn \r repeated \r interviews \r conducted \r by \r Protection \r Cluster \r partners, \r civilians \r who \r have\nmanaged \r to \r flee \r have \r reported \r consistent \r patterns \r of \r violence \r levied \r against \r them \r by \r all\narmed \r groups, \r including \r Government, \r Opposition \r and \r opportunist \r perpetrators \r of \r violence.\n\nBased \r on \r credible \r reports \r and \r direct \r observation \r of \r the \r ferocity \r of \r the \r violence \r in \r some \r of\nSouth \r Sudan\u2019s \r major \r towns, \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r remains \r concerned \r about \r alarming\nreports \r of \r violence \r in \r areas \r that \r are \r not \r visible \r due \r to \r a \r lack \r of \r presence \r on \r the \r ground.\nImages \r from \r organisations \r such \r as \r the \r Satellite \r Sentinel \r project \r and \r UNITAR \r have \r shown\nextensive \r razing \r of \r villages \r and \r other \r properties \r through \r the \r use \r of \r satellite \r imagery, \r and\nsurvivor \r testimonies \r have \r reported \r the \r clear \r and \r deliberate \r targeting \r of \r civilians \r by \r armed\ngroups.\n\nWith \r consistency, \r eyewitnesses \r have \r remarked \r on \r the \r significant \r shift \r in \r the \r nature \r of \r the\nconflict \r in \r contrast \r to \r previous \r periods \r of \r armed \r violence \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r In \r particular,\ntargeting \r of \r women \r and \r children \r by \r armed \r groups, \r whether \r Government, \r Opposition \r or\nother \r armed \r groups, \r has \r been \r repeatedly \r highlighted. \r Survivors \r have \r described \r in \r detail\nhow \r armed \r groups \r have \r sought \r out \r woman \r and \r children \r \u2013 \r subjecting \r them \r to \r rape \r and\nsexual \r assault, \r prior \r to \r their \r execution. \r The \r excruciating \r brutality \r of \r detail \r provided \r by\ntraumatised \r survivors \r mirrors \r the \r concerns \r raised \r by \r senior \r human \r rights \r experts \r and \r UN\nfigures \r on \r the \r shifting \r nature \r of \r the \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\nThe \r unseen \r must \r be \r brought \r to \r the \r forefront \r of \r the \r minds \r of \r the \r international \r community\nwhen \r assessing \r the \r trajectory \r of \r the \r conflict, \r examining \r the \r credibility \r of \r the \r any \r cessation\nof \r hostilities \r or \r ceasefire \r agreement \r and \r assessing \r the \r needs \r of \r highly \r vulnerable \r and\nconflict \r affected \r populations. \r Reports \r of \r violence \r targeting \r civilians, \r in \r addition \r to\ninformation \r gathered \r by \r UN \r OCHA \r on \r displacement \r patterns, \r including \r secondary \r and\nmultiple \r displacement \r due \r to \r conflict, \r indicates \r that \r the \r conflict \r is \r increasingly \r spreading\ninto \r other \r States \r and \r other \r pockets \r of \r the \r country \r and \r is \r to \r date \r entrenching \r along\nhardened \r ethnic \r lines, \r as \r well \r as \r leading \r to \r increased \r fracturing \r of \r sub-\u00ad\u2010clan \r tensions. \r Local\nlevel \r disputes \r and \r issues \r that \r may \r not \r translate \r into \r the \r attention \r of \r the \r international\ncommunity \r are \r indicators \r of \r local \r level \r conflict.\n\nWhile \r these \r may \r not \r result \r in \r significant \r increases \r in \r affected \r populations \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r either \r through\nloss \r of \r life, \r displacement \r or \r loss \r of \r employment/livelihoods, \r it \r has \r a \r significant \r impact \r for\nindividuals \r and \r families \r caught \r in \r areas \r outside \r the \r reach \r of \r protection \r and \r humanitarian\npartners, \r and \r points \r towards \r the \r longer-\u00ad\u2010term \r trajectory \r of \r the \r conflict. \r The \r Protection\nCluster \r cautions \r against \r any \r analysis \r which \r categorizes \r specific \r states \r in \r South \r Sudan \r as\n\u2018Red\u2019 \r or \r \u2018Green\u2019, \r \u2018more\u2019 \r or \r \u2018less-\u00ad\u2010affected\u2019 \r by \r violence \r and \r susceptibility \r to \r conflict \r or\notherwise \r reduces \r the \r conflict \r to \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r area. \r Without \r a \r coherent \r and\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "existing \r reports", - "confidence": 0.8375827074050903, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection \r Cluster \r partners", - "confidence": 0.7712639570236206, - "start": 61, - "end": 64 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9408644437789917, - "start": 44, - "end": 46 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.6210979223251343, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "satellite \r imagery", - "confidence": 0.8639384508132935, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9805533289909363, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survivor \r testimonies", - "confidence": 0.6947947144508362, - "start": 172, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8960882425308228, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reports \r of \r violence \r targeting \r civilians", - "confidence": 0.8612380027770996, - "start": 348, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UN \r OCHA", - "confidence": 0.7628405094146729, - "start": 360, - "end": 362 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "credible \r political \r process \r to \r stop \r the \r violence \r and \r address \r its \r causes, \r the \r conflict \r has \r the\npotential \r to \r visibly \r take \r hold \r across \r more \r states \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\n#### **On-\u00ad\u2010going \r displacement, \r with \r limited \r protection**\n\nWhile \r much \r of \r the \r attention \r of \r the \r international \r community \r has \r focused \r on \r those \r displaced\ninto \r UNMISS \r PoC \r areas, \r the \r vast \r majority \r of \r those \r displaced \r are \r seeking \r refuge \r in \r areas\noutside \r of \r UNMISS \r bases. \r The \r visibility \r of \r most \r of \r the \r displaced \r is \r extremely \r low, \r with\nlimited \r access \r by \r humanitarian \r partners \r and \r the \r numerous \r pockets \r of \r displaced\npopulations, \r including \r those \r absorbed \r into \r host \r communities. \r At \r present \r humanitarian\nactors \r are \r balancing \r the \r provision \r of \r resources \r with \r being \r able \r to \r adequately \r monitor\ndisplacement \r patterns.\n\n\nThe \r large \r and \r increasing \r numbers \r of \r people \r being \r displaced \r beyond \r UNMISS\u2019 \r PoC \r areas\nmeans \r more \r people \r do \r not \r have \r access \r to \r physical \r protection. \r The \r impact \r of \r this \r has \r been\nthat \r populations \r are \r either \r absorbed \r into \r host \r communities \r who \r themselves \r may \r be\nvulnerable \r due \r to \r the \r destruction \r of \r markets \r and \r limitations \r on \r freedom \r of \r movement\nand/or \r facing \r multiple \r waves \r of \r displacement \r as \r they \r have \r been \r forced \r around \r by \r the\nconflict.\n\n\nNassir \r is \r an \r example \r of \r this \r dynamic. \r The \r population \r of \r Nassir \r swelled \r to \r almost \r 20,000\npeople; \r as \r of \r 11 \r May \r the \r population \r of \r Nassir \r had \r almost \r been \r entirely \r depopulated \r into\nEthiopia \r and \r other \r locations \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r Large \r influx \r of \r displaced \r populations \r that \r are\nthen \r further \r displaced \r due \r to \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r violence \r and \r insecurity \r is \r putting \r significant \r pressure\non \r people\u2019s \r safety, \r resources \r and \r ultimately \r their \r ability \r to \r survive \r the \r impending \r food \r and\nhealth \r crises.\n\n#### **Exposure \r to \r Sexual \r Based \r Violence**\n\nGender \r based \r violence \r including \r sexual \r violence \r during \r and \r following \r active \r fighting \r \u2013 \r in \r the\nforms \r of \r domestic \r violence, \r rape \r and \r sexual \r assault, \r sexual \r harassment, \r survival \r sex,\nprostitution, \r and \r sexual \r exploitation \r and \r abuse, \r have \r been \r identified \r as \r issues \r of \r concern \r by\nthe \r humanitarian \r community \r and \r IDP \r communities \r themselves. \r These \r incidents \r have\noccurred \r during \r active \r fighting, \r displacement \r and \r at \r the \r point \r where \r people \r are \r displaced.\nWhile \r this \r paper \r elsewhere \r raises \r issues \r of \r recruitment \r and \r mobilisation, \r which \r in \r itself \r can\nbe \r a \r form \r of \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence, \r this \r focuses \r on \r sexual \r violence.\n\n\nThere \r are \r continuing \r reports \r of \r women \r and \r girls \r being \r raped \r by \r armed \r actors \r during \r active\nhostilities \r such \r as \r attacks \r on \r villages \r and \r towns, \r and \r during \r the \r course \r of \r displacement. \r The\nrecent \r UNMISS \r Human \r Rights \r report [7] states \r that \r all \r parts \r of \r the \r conflict \r have \r committed\nacts \r of \r rape \r and \r other \r forms \r of \r sexual \r violence \r against \r women \r of \r different \r ethnic \r groups.\nThe \r forms \r of \r sexual \r violence \r used \r include \r rape, \r sometimes \r with \r an \r object \r (guns \r or \r bullets),\ngang \r rape, \r abduction, \r sexual \r slavery. \r Sobering \r reports \r of \r women \r being \r \u2018raped \r to \r death\u2019 \r is \r a\ngraphic \r example \r of \r the \r levels \r of \r violence \r being \r exacted \r against \r women. \r For \r those \r women\nwho \r do \r not \r die, \r they \r are \r forced \r to \r live \r with \r the \r trauma, \r potential \r social \r rejection \r and \r high\nprobability \r of \r physical \r injuries \r such \r as \r fistula.\n\n\n7 \r Conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r Human \r Rights \r report, \r 8 \r May \r p. \r 49\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At \r the \r point \r of \r arrival \r in \r IDP \r settlements, \r particularly \r PoC \r areas, \r gender \r and \r sexual \r based\nviolence \r have \r been \r repeatedly \r and \r regularly \r reported. [8] There \r have \r been \r issues \r around\nformal \r reporting, \r as \r many \r IDP \r women \r are \r reluctant \r to \r come \r forward \r and \r file \r any \r formal\nreport. \r Some \r actors \r have \r voiced \r concern \r at \r the \r emphasis \r on \r \u2018getting \r the \r numbers\u2019 \r and \r the\npersistent \r call \r for \r \u2018evidence\u2019 \r of \r GBV, \r which \r has \r undermined \r the \r GBV \r response \r and \r hindered\npreventive \r action \r being \r taken.\n\n\nWhile \r there \r is \r a \r need \r for \r data \r collection \r including \r use \r of \r GBVIMS, \r it \r should \r be \r in\ncombination \r with \r other \r elements \r of \r a \r GBV \r prevention \r and \r response \r based \r on \r assessment \r of\nrisks \r and \r evidences \r from \r other \r emergencies. \r There \r are \r many \r barriers \r to \r reporting \r and \r data\ncollection. \r It \r should \r be \r noted \r that \r security \r is \r not \r guaranteed \r for \r victims/survivors \r in \r PoC\nareas \r where \r victims/survivors \r live \r in \r close \r proximity \r to \r the \r perpetrator/s. \r There \r is \r no \r one \r or\nsystem \r to \r keep \r the \r victim/survivor \r safe \r if \r it \r is \r discovered \r that \r she \r has \r reported \r the \r violence,\nand \r the \r perpetrator \r finds \r out. \r The \r emphasis \r should \r not \r only \r be \r on \r documenting \r cases, \r but\nrather \r on \r recognition \r that \r GBV \r will \r occur \r in \r conflict \r and \r emergency, \r and \r that \r it \r is \r an\nunderreported \r crime, \r with \r actions \r taken \r to \r prevent \r incidents \r based \r on \r known \r threats \r and\nrisk \r factors.\n\n\nWomen \r and \r girls \r have \r complained \r of \r sexual \r harassment \r and \r assault \r in \r and \r around \r latrine\nand \r wash \r facilities, \r as \r well \r as \r poorly \r lit \r areas \r in \r the \r PoC \r sites \r during \r night \r time, \r facing \r risk \r of\nassault \r when \r they \r go \r outside \r of \r the \r PoC \r sites \r for \r livelihood \r and \r firewood \r collection. \r Limited\npatrolling \r in \r some \r locations, \r lack \r of \r lighting, \r limited \r number \r of \r grinding \r machines \r to \r grind\nfood, \r and \r lack \r of \r access \r to \r charcoal \r or \r firewood, \r has \r put \r women \r and \r girls \r safety \r at \r risk.\nReports \r of \r GBV \r while \r women \r are \r walking \r to \r get \r sorghum \r grounded, \r or \r to \r collect \r firewood,\nhave \r continued.\n\n\nInadequate \r provision \r of \r patrolling \r in \r some \r locations \r and \r inadequate \r security \r measures\nremain \r of \r concern \r high \r levels \r of \r harassment \r and \r reported \r sexual \r harassment \r and \r violence\nby \r women \r using \r particular \r roads \r and \r exits \r from \r PoC \r areas. \r Lack \r of \r services, \r either \r due \r to\nresources, \r access \r or \r space \r acts \r as \r deterrence \r to \r persons \r affected \r by \r sexual \r violence\nreporting \r crimes, \r seeking \r follow \r up \r treatment \r and \r achieving \r legal \r remedy.\n\n#### **Structural \r and \r institutional \r violence**\n\nAn \r overlooked \r element \r of \r the \r types \r of \r violence \r in \r the \r current \r conflict \r is \r structural-\u00ad\u2010\nindividuals \r and \r institutions \r leveraging \r their \r position \r to \r deliberately \r control \r or \r target \r specific\ngroups. \r Since \r the \r conflict \r began, \r control \r of \r airports \r and \r roads \r has \r been \r used \r to \r deny \r people\nthe \r freedom \r to \r move \r within \r South \r Sudan \r or \r access \r asylum, \r with \r continued \r reports \r of\npeople \r being \r denied \r the \r ability \r to \r move \r around \r or \r leave \r the \r country \r by \r air, \r harassment \r at\nairports \r and \r general \r intimidation.\n\n\nThe \r ability \r to \r control \r the \r movement \r of \r people, \r goods \r and \r money \r has \r been \r utilised \r by \r both\nthe \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r forces \r to \r demonstrate \r and \r exercise \r territorial \r control.\nArmed \r actors \r are \r reported \r to \r have \r confiscated \r equipment, \r prohibited \r the \r use \r of \r some\nassets \r such \r as \r satellite \r phones, \r placed \r levies \r and \r fines \r on \r movement \r of \r people \r and \r goods,\n\n\n8 \r Noting \r that \r this \r may \r appear \r a \r particularly \r acute \r problem \r in \r PoC \r areas \r simply \r because \r of \r population\nconcentrations \r and \r consistent \r access \r of \r humanitarians \r to \r them.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "among \r other \r interference \r and \r restrictions \r on \r movement. \r The \r withholding \r of \r civil \r service\nsalaries \r is \r a \r concerning \r mechanism \r used \r to \r control \r populations. \r In \r February \r 2014 \r it \r was\nreported \r that \r Government \r officials \r were \r requiring \r people \r to \r come \r to \r State \r capitals \r to\ncollect \r their \r salaries \r \u2013 \r requiring \r individuals \r to \r cross \r conflict \r lines \r and \r presenting \r themselves\nin \r a \r location \r that \r a \r person \r felt \r unsafe. \r Using \r payment \r as \r a \r way \r to \r coerce \r people \r out \r of \r areas\nor \r deprive \r groups \r or \r locations \r of \r resources \r demonstrates \r that \r physical \r violence \r is \r not \r the\nonly \r leverage \r over \r vulnerable \r groups. \r Restrictions \r on \r the \r legal \r flow \r of \r money \r undermines\nthe \r resilience \r of \r education, \r health \r and \r other \r essential \r services \r to \r the \r violence \r and \r also\ndestabilizes \r the \r markets \r and \r other \r economies.\n\n\nMore \r direct \r examples \r of \r this \r form \r of \r institutional \r violence \r levied \r against \r civilian \r populations\ninclude \r incidents \r in \r Maban \r where \r Nuer \r civilians \r were \r given \r 48 \r hours \r to \r leave \r the \r county \r by\nlocal \r authorities \r in \r mid \r April. \r While \r high \r level \r Government \r authorities \r may \r not \r have\nexplicitly \r sanctioned \r or \r authorized \r specific \r actions \r or \r attempts \r to \r push \r specific \r ethnic \r groups\nout \r of \r \u2018mixed\u2019 \r areas, \r many \r such \r statements \r of \r actions \r have \r been \r observed \r with \r little \r or \r no\nconsequences. \r Disarmament \r has \r also \r become \r a \r visible \r tactic, \r with \r authorities \r disarming\nand/or \r demobilising \r SPLA/SSNPS \r of \r specific \r ethnic \r groups.\n\n\nIn \r addition \r to \r these \r obvious \r issues, \r Protection \r Cluster \r partners \r have \r witnessed \r the \r trend \r of\nincreased \r militarization \r of \r civil \r administration \r and \r civil \r dispute \r mechanisms \r across \r the\ncounty, \r in \r both \r rural \r and \r urban \r areas, \r whether \r Government \r or \r Opposition \r controlled, \r and \r in\ndisputes \r involving \r host \r communities, \r IDPs \r and \r refugees. \r Civil \r disputes \r mechanisms \r with\nmilitary \r interference \r or \r involvement \r reduce \r the \r likelihood \r that \r due \r process \r will \r be \r observed\nin \r dispute \r resolution \r and \r increase \r intimidation \r of \r one \r or \r both \r parties. \r The \r trend \r of\nmilitarizing \r civil \r posts \r and \r conflating \r civil \r and \r military \r state \r functions \r has \r been \r observed \r in\nmany \r States \r across \r South \r Sudan, \r and \r has \r not \r been \r limited \r to \r only \r those \r states \r with \r high\nincidents \r of \r armed \r violence.\n\n\nThe \r Protection \r Cluster \r is \r additionally \r concerned \r that \r administrative \r authorities \r are \r using\ntheir \r powers \r to \r curtail \r independent \r monitoring \r and \r reporting \r of \r journalists \r and \r media\noutlets, \r by \r authorizing \r and \r conducting \r raids \r or \r closing \r print \r and \r broadcast \r media. \r The \r raids\non \r the \r Citizen \r and \r Juba \r Monitor \r represents \r how \r administrative \r control \r is \r being \r used \r to \r curb\nthe \r flow \r of \r information \r and \r freedom \r of \r speech \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\n#### **Hate \r speech**\n\nHate \r speech \r has \r reportedly \r started \r increasing, \r including \r among \r youth \r and \r children, \r in \r urban\ncontexts \r of \r displacement. \r This \r includes \r increased \r graffiti \r and \r general \r language \r used \r in\nrelation \r to \r the \r \u2018other\u2019 \r ethnic \r groups. \r The \r incident \r in \r Bentiu \r where \r local \r radio \r was \r alleged \r to\nhave \r used \r radio \r to \r transmit \r hate \r messaging \r and \r instructions \r is \r one \r example \r of \r the \r concern\nthat \r local \r language \r media, \r which \r remains \r largely, \r unmonitored. [9] That \r being \r said, \r the\nlanguage \r used \r in \r public \r statements \r by \r both \r Opposition \r and \r Government \r representatives \r to\nmedia, \r in \r public \r gatherings \r and \r other \r meetings \r continues \r to \r be \r worrying \r in \r both \r its \r hostility\n\n\n9 \r The \r Protection \r Cluster \r has \r recommended \r the \r monitoring \r of \r local \r language \r radio \r and \r other \r media \r in \r both \r South\nSudan \r but \r also \r Diaspora. \r If \r these \r activities \r are \r being \r conducted \r in \r a \r structured \r manner, \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r is\nunaware \r of \r these \r activities \r or \r their \r outcome.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Citizen \r and \r Juba \r Monitor", - "confidence": 0.9907254576683044, - "start": 385, - "end": 389 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South \r Sudan", - "confidence": 0.993676483631134, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and \r the \r increasing \r entrenchment \r of \r a \r hard-\u00ad\u2010line \r and \r uncompromising \r narrative \r of \r the\nconflict \r and \r any \r potential \r solutions.\n\n## **Increased \r Mobilisation \r and \r Militarisation**\n\n#### **Child \r Recruitment \r and \r Children \r associated \r with \r armed \r forces \r and \r armed** **groups \r (CAAFAG)**\n\nThe \r increased \r recruitment \r of \r child \r soldiers \r has \r been \r observed \r since \r the \r outbreak \r of \r the\nconflict. \r There \r are \r some \r reports \r that \r more \r than \r 9000 \r child \r soldiers \r are \r currently \r taking \r part\nin \r the \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r with \r one \r partner \r describing \r seeing \r a \r child \r \u2018too \r young \r to \r be\nable \r to \r hold \r his \r gun\u2019 \r manning \r a \r checkpoint \r in \r Bentiu \r in \r early \r April \r 2014. \r While \r definitive\nnumbers \r of \r child \r soldiers \r remain \r difficult \r to \r establish, \r given \r the \r history \r of \r the \r use \r of \r child\nsoldiers \r by \r all \r armed \r groups \r in \r South \r Sudan \r and \r the \r inevitable \r loss \r of \r life \r of \r active\ncombatants, \r the \r use \r of \r child \r soldiers \r is \r only \r likely \r to \r increase \r as \r the \r conflict \r continues.\n\n\nThe \r armed \r groups \r currently \r involved \r in \r the \r fighting \r have \r a \r long \r prior \r history \r of \r using \r child\nsoldiers \r in \r active \r hostilities. \r The \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO \r have \r been \r criticised \r for \r the \r recruitment\nand \r use \r of \r child \r soldiers. \r Military \r groups \r reportedly \r recruit \r children \r because \r it \r is \r cheaper\nand \r quicker.\n\n\nAbduction \r of \r young \r boys \r and \r girls, \r and \r recruitment \r of \r very \r young \r children \r is \r regularly\nreported, \r with \r children \r increasingly \r detained \r and \r abducted \r at \r checkpoints. \r Although \r women\nand \r children \r report \r being \r able \r to \r move \r more \r freely \r than \r men, \r who \r are \r increasingly \r confined\nin \r isolated \r areas \r including \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites, \r threats \r to \r the \r movement \r of \r children \r in \r the\nform \r of \r recruitment \r and \r abductions \r marks \r a \r further \r deterioration \r in \r the \r conflict.\n\n\nUNMISS \r Child \r Protection \r and \r SPLA \r Child \r Protection \r Units \r are \r jointly \r working \r on \r a \r plan \r to\nprevent \r child \r recruitment \r within \r the \r SPLA. \r At \r present, \r child \r recruitment \r carried \r out \r by \r the\nSPLA/IO \r cannot \r be \r addressed \r by \r UNMISS \r directly. \r Without \r strategies \r to \r both \r prevent\nchildren \r from \r being \r recruited, \r including \r education \r initiatives \r and \r sustained \r livelihood\ninterventions, \r and \r ways \r for \r working \r with \r all \r armed \r groups, \r children \r are \r likely \r to \r continue \r to\nbe \r recruited \r throughout \r the \r country \r to \r participate \r or \r support \r hostilities. \r One \r of \r the \r key\nDisarmament, \r Demobilisation \r and \r Recruitment \r (DDR) \r challenges \r centres \r around \r a \r lack \r of\nresolution \r on \r how \r to \r address \r a \r system, \r which \r required \r demobilization \r into \r the \r SPLA \r in \r order\nto \r activate \r support \r through \r the \r established \r DDR \r process.\n\n#### **Forcible \r recruitment \r of \r adults?**\n\nWhile \r the \r issue \r of \r mobilisation \r of \r youth \r and \r regional \r militia \r groups, \r such \r as \r the \r White \r Army\nand \r Equatorian \r Defence \r League, \r has \r been \r addressed \r above, \r the \r wider \r issue \r of \r enforced\nconscription \r risks \r being \r overlooked. \r In \r order \r to \r sustain \r a \r conflict, \r both \r the \r Government \r and\nOpposition \r forces \r require \r significant \r numbers \r of \r young \r men \r to \r mobilise \r and \r fight. \r The\nProtection \r Cluster \r has \r received \r reports \r of \r the \r names \r of \r between \r 5000 \r men \r per \r state \r or\n2000 \r per \r county \r being \r requested \r by \r authorities \r to \r mobilise \r into \r armed \r groups. \r Protection\npartners \r are \r concerned \r that \r IDP \r settlements, \r including \r UNMISS \r PoC \r areas \r are \r points \r of\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "recruitment \r for \r men \r and \r children. \r In \r addition, \r IDPs \r who \r have \r left \r Opposition \r areas \r have\nreported \r that \r men \r have \r either \r stayed \r or \r been \r left \r behind \r to \r fight.\n\n\nIn \r addition, \r protection \r partners \r working \r in \r states \r such \r as \r Northern \r and \r Western \r Bahr \r El\nGhazal, \r Western \r Equatoria \r have \r received \r reports \r of \r persons \r joining \r the \r SPLA \r because \r of \r the\nfailure \r to \r pay \r the \r salaries \r of \r other \r civil \r servants \r and \r front \r line \r service \r providers. \r The \r lack \r of\nsalary \r increase \r the \r likelihood \r of \r enrolment \r of \r individuals \r in \r armed \r groups, \r prolonging \r the\nviolence \r and \r removing \r essential \r skills \r from \r the \r livelihood \r sector \r further \r undermining\nresilience \r to \r the \r effects \r of \r armed \r conflict.\n\n#### **Occupation \r of \r civilian \r infrastructure**\n\nThe \r occupation \r of \r schools \r has \r been \r a \r consistent \r issue \r throughout \r the \r conflict, \r and \r was \r a\npattern \r before \r the \r most \r recent \r conflict. \r In \r addition \r to \r the \r destruction \r of \r health \r premises \r by\narmed \r actors, \r reports \r of \r hospitals \r and \r clinics \r being \r occupied \r by \r armed \r actors \r remains\nworrying \r of \r concern.\n\n\nIn \r locations \r such \r as \r Bor, \r where \r the \r SPLA \r committed \r to \r leaving \r the \r local \r hospital, \r which \r they\nhad \r been \r occupying, \r the \r pattern \r by \r both \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO \r has \r remained \r that \r during \r active\nviolence \r and \r high \r casualties, \r armed \r actors \r have \r occupied \r and \r taken \r over \r health \r facilities\nbeing \r used \r for \r the \r treatment \r of \r sick \r and \r wounded. \r This \r was \r also \r observed \r when \r the\nSPLA/IO \r established \r an \r operational \r centre \r within \r the \r hospital \r in \r Bentiu.\n\n\nThere \r are \r strong \r indications \r that, \r as \r the \r conflict \r continues, \r public \r structures, \r in \r particular\nhospitals \r (and \r schools?), \r will \r continue \r to \r be \r controlled \r by \r armed \r groups \r during \r elevated\nlevels \r of \r conflict/casualties. \r This \r creates \r significant \r challenges \r for \r humanitarian\nprogramming, \r hampering \r efforts \r to \r ensure \r that \r civilians \r injured \r as \r a \r result \r of \r the \r conflict\nreceive \r safe \r and \r timely \r medical \r attention.\n\n## **Increase \r in \r Local-\u00ad\u2010Level \r Conflict \r and \r Tensions**\n\n#### **Land \r related \r conflict \r and \r tensions \r between \r displaced \r and \r host \r communities**\n\nProtection \r partners \r are \r observing \r increased \r tensions \r related \r to \r land \r rights, \r separate \r from\nthe \r issue \r of \r secondary \r occupation \r of \r homes. \r With \r the \r slow \r adoption \r of \r the \r Land \r Policy \r and\nLand \r Act \r at \r the \r end \r of \r 2013, \r tensions \r over \r land \r rights \r has \r left \r many \r people \r in \r South \r Sudan\nfacing \r legal \r uncertainty \r in \r relation \r to \r their \r security \r of \r land \r tenure. \r Both \r returnee\npopulations \r and \r populations \r who \r previously \r experienced \r large \r influxes \r of \r IDPs \r face \r a\nsignificant \r degree \r of \r uncertainty \r and \r reluctance \r to \r accept \r new \r IDPs \r into \r their \r communities.\nThis \r creates \r challenges \r in \r enabling \r displaced \r populations \r to \r freely \r seek \r shelter \r in \r locations\nthey \r perceive \r to \r be \r safer \r where \r they \r can \r be \r provided \r with \r basic \r services \r and \r assistance,\nincluding \r to \r areas \r within \r Eastern \r Equatoria \r or \r Warrap \r States \r which \r are \r adjacent \r to \r locations\nof \r active \r hostilities. \r At \r best, \r this \r creates \r a \r push \r factor \r by \r the \r potential \r host \r population \r of\nIDPs \r resulting \r in \r secondary \r and \r tertiary \r displacement \r for \r affected \r communities \r and \r at \r worst\nis \r potentially \r driving \r towards \r conflict \r between \r the \r \u2018host\u2019 \r and \r IDP \r populations.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r current \r situation \r of \r displacement \r also \r points \r to \r the \r high \r possibility \r of \r continued\nsecondary \r occupation \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r already \r observed \r in \r Juba \r and \r Bor \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r of \r land \r and \r housing \r left \r behind\nby \r those \r fleeing \r violence \r by \r persons \r who \r were \r not \r the \r original, \r pre-\u00ad\u2010crisis, \r inhabitants. \r In\nJuba \r teams \r observed \r the \r occupation \r of \r homes \r by \r SPLA \r and \r SSNPS \r who \r had \r been\ntransported \r to \r Juba, \r in \r order \r to \r bolster \r the \r troops \r in \r CES \r and/or \r other \r locations. \r In \r Bor, \r the\nincrease \r of \r IDPs \r arriving \r from \r Duk \r and \r Twic \r East \r Counties \r and \r potential \r other \r new \r arrivals\nagain \r increases \r the \r opportunities \r for \r secondary \r occupation \r of \r homes \r and \r other \r land \r and\nproperty \r disputes.\n\nIn \r both \r Bor \r and \r Juba \r reports \r of \r IDPs \r from \r other \r locations \r occupying \r the \r homes \r of \r families\nwho \r had \r previously \r been \r displaced \r point \r to \r the \r complexity \r of \r multiple \r displacements \r and\nrisk \r exacerbating \r tensions \r or \r leading \r to \r further \r conflict \r over \r unresolved \r or \r simmering \r issues\nof \r property \r rights. \r Even \r if \r the \r May \r 9 \r Agreement \r holds, \r secondary \r occupation \r presents \r a\nserious \r risk \r of \r leading \r to \r additional \r community \r level \r violence, \r in \r addition \r to \r being \r a \r barrier\nto \r durable \r solutions.\n\nA \r significant \r step \r towards \r addressing \r these \r tensions \r requires \r establishing \r clear \r land \r and\nproperty \r resolution \r procedures \r between \r displaced \r and \r host \r communities, \r who \r it \r must \r be\nremembered \r are \r also \r vulnerable \r in \r relation \r to \r food \r insecurity, \r low \r livelihood \r capacity \r and\nalso \r at \r risk \r of \r a \r spreading \r conflict. \r While \r humanitarian \r actors \r seek \r to \r promote \r food \r security\nand \r livelihood \r capacity, \r the \r durability \r of \r these \r initiatives \r and \r the \r ability \r to \r negotiate \r space\nto \r accommodate \r IDP \r populations \r requires \r host \r communities \r to \r have \r the \r legal \r security \r to \r do\nthis.\n\nExpediting \r the \r Land \r Policy \r and \r reform \r of \r the \r Land \r Act \r are \r two \r clear \r measures \r that \r can \r be\ntaken, \r as \r well \r as \r allocation \r of \r land \r for \r IDP\u2019s \r outside \r of \r PoC \r areas, \r for \r IDPs \r seeking \r to\nintegrate \r locally, \r and \r gain \r access \r to \r local \r livelihood \r opportunities, \r as \r well \r as \r basic \r security \r of\ntenure.\n\n## **Protection \r and \r UNMISS \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r (PoC) \r sites**\n\n#### **Escalating \r tensions \r within \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites**\n\nThe \r fluctuating \r populations \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites, \r including \r the \r re-\u00ad\u2010composition \r of\npopulations \r in \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal, \r have \r created \r significant \r challenges \r for \r the \r humanitarian\ncommunity \r and \r UNMISS. \r In \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal, \r the \r respective \r control \r of \r either \r Opposition\nor \r Government \r forces \r had \r afforded \r an \r opportunity \r for \r some \r populations \r who \r feel \r safer\nwhen \r territory \r is \r under \r the \r control \r of \r respective \r armed \r forces, \r while \r also \r new \r population\ngroups \r enter \r i.e \r one \r group \r leaves \r while \r another \r enters. \r This \r has \r resulted \r in \r increasingly\nentrenched \r groupings \r within \r PoC \r areas \r who \r feel \r trapped, \r and \r are \r unable \r to \r seek \r protection\nelsewhere \r since \r they \r may \r not \r have \r alternative \r safe \r locations \r to \r flee \r to.\n\nHumanitarians \r and \r UNMISS \r have \r resorted \r to \r physically \r separating \r groups \r within \r the \r PoC\narea \r to \r reduce \r tensions \r and \r risks \r of \r attack \r inside \r PoC \r areas. \r Bentiu, \r Malakal \r and \r Juba \r PoC\nsites \r have \r all \r witnessed \r serious \r incidents \r of \r violence \r between \r ethnic \r groups \r seeking \r refuge\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "on \r the \r UNMISS \r base. \r In \r all \r sites, \r there \r is \r a \r concerning \r pattern \r of \r increased \r hostility \r among\nethnic \r and \r national \r groups _because_ of \r their \r identities. \r Ethnic \r targeting \r occurring \r throughout\nthe \r country \r further \r exacerbates \r this \r pattern \r of \r hostility. \r For \r example, \r increased \r hostility\ntowards \r Darfuri\u2019s \r in \r UN \r House \r after \r events \r in \r Bentiu \r where \r Darfuri \r civilians \r were \r killed\nbased \r on \r their \r presumed \r affiliation \r to \r JEM. \r The \r escalating \r tensions \r have \r precipitated \r attacks\nagainst \r IDPs \r from \r other \r ethnic \r groups, \r humanitarians \r and \r others \r who \r have \r been \r inside \r the\nbases, \r sometimes \r resulting \r in \r fatal \r clashes \r and \r serious \r injuries \r to \r IDPs.\n\nProtection \r partners \r have \r noticed \r a \r significant \r increase \r in \r rumours \r of \r imminent \r targeting \r or\nattack, \r with \r increased \r suspicions \r and \r anxiety \r among \r IDP \r populations. \r This \r has \r limited \r and\nnegatively \r impacted \r relations \r among \r IDP \r communities, \r and \r between \r IDPs \r and \r national \r staff\nof \r NGOs \r working \r within \r PoC \r sites, \r with \r deep \r suspicion \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r of \r other \r ethnic\norigins, \r foreign \r nationals \r from \r neighbouring \r states, \r and \r on \r some \r occasions \r UNMISS \r and\nhumanitarians \r themselves. \r The \r increased \r levels \r of \r violence \r in \r PoC \r sites, \r both \r in \r terms \r of\ninter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence \r and \r violence \r against \r outsiders, \r is \r a \r result \r of \r conflating \r factors:\n\n\n - Anxieties \r and \r mistrust \r mirroring \r the \r dynamics \r of \r the \r conflict \r taking \r place \r outside\nand \r around \r the \r country;\n\n - The \r increased \r pressure \r from \r months \r with \r minimal \r assistance, \r precarious \r if \r not\nworsening \r living \r conditions \r and \r overcrowding;\n\n - Continued \r harassment \r and \r assault \r by \r SPLA \r and \r other \r groups \r in \r the \r areas \r in \r and\naround \r the \r PoC \r sites \r and \r corresponding \r violence \r directed \r towards \r the \r SPLA, \r etc.;\n\n - Growing \r frustration \r at \r living \r inside \r PoC \r sites \r and \r the \r challenging \r conditions \r within,\nfrequently \r many \r times \r below \r accepted \r humanitarian \r standards \r and \r lack \r of\nopportunities \r such \r as \r education \r and \r employment;\n\n - Inconsistent \r communication \r strategies \r by \r UNMISS \r and \r humanitarians \r resulting \r in\nheightening \r tensions \r and \r increased \r misunderstanding \r and \r mistrust.\n\nReportedly, \r women \r and \r children \r feel \r safer \r leaving \r PoC \r sites \r when \r the \r need \r or \r opportunity\narises, \r or \r willing \r to \r substitute \r one \r risk \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r e.g. \r sexual \r violence \r and \r harassment \r \u2013 \r to \r mitigate\nanother \r \u2013 \r lack \r of \r food \r or \r other \r goods. \r The \r profile \r of \r many, \r if \r not \r all, \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas \r are\nincreasingly \r male-\u00ad\u2010dominated. \r This \r observation \r should \r not \r suggest \r that \r because \r populations\nare \r male \r that \r they \r are \r inherently \r prone \r to \r increased \r violence, \r but \r rather \r that \r activities \r and\ninterventions \r such \r as \r education \r and \r recreation \r activities \r targeting \r able-\u00ad\u2010bodied \r males \r \u2013 \r in\nparticular \r youth-\u00ad\u2010 \r are \r required \r to \r mitigate \r and \r reduce \r tensions.\n\n#### **Criminality \r inside \r PoC \r sites**\n\nCriminality \r inside \r PoC \r sites, \r largely \r from \r domestic \r violence, \r petty \r theft \r and \r harassment \r has\nbeen \r a \r present \r and \r increasing \r issue \r raised \r by \r partners \r working \r on \r the \r ground. \r The\nformation \r of \r gangs-\u00ad\u2010 \r both \r social \r and \r criminal-\u00ad\u2010 \r has \r been \r increasingly \r observed, \r with \r many\nIDPs \r reporting \r that \r they \r are \r afraid \r of \r such \r groups. \r Of \r particular \r concern \r are \r individuals \r or\ngroups \r that \r are \r engaged \r in \r acts \r of \r serious \r criminality \r such \r as \r rape, \r grievous \r assault,\nabductions \r and \r other \r violent \r behaviour.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Given \r a \r number \r of \r issues \r in \r PoC \r sites, \r the \r lack \r of \r recourse \r to \r justice \r for \r victims \r of \r crime \r has\na \r significant \r destabilising \r impact \r inside \r the \r PoC \r site \r and \r is \r contributing \r to \r the \r escalating\ntensions \r inside \r PoC \r sites, \r the \r issue \r of \r criminality \r has \r placed \r IDP \r communities \r under \r further\nstrain. \r The \r lack \r of \r trust \r by \r many \r IDPs \r in \r the \r SSNPS, \r SPLA \r and \r South \r Sudanese \r legal \r system\nhas \r created \r a \r vacuum \r in \r justice \r in \r many \r of \r these \r areas. \r Self-\u00ad\u2010established \r community \r justice\nmechanisms \r or \r community-\u00ad\u2010led \r dispute \r resolution \r mechanisms \r to \r facilitate \r community\nresponse \r and \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions; \r although \r these \r mechanisms \r have \r not \r been \r able \r to\nsystemically \r address \r issues \r of \r gang \r violence \r and \r have \r at \r times \r created \r further \r protection\nrisks.\n\n\nThe \r chiefs \r (where \r traditional \r community \r justice \r systems) \r perceive \r themselves \r to \r have \r been\ndisempowered, \r as \r they \r are \r not \r allowed \r to \r use \r the \r traditional \r methods, \r including \r caning \r or\nlashing, \r to \r deal \r with \r problems \r that \r arise. \r They \r increasingly \r indicate \r that \r they \r cannot \r deal\nwith \r issues \r such \r as \r drunkenness, \r fighting \r that \r might \r require \r detention \r or \r separation \r of\nindividuals \r and \r that \r they \r want \r UNPOL \r to \r deal \r with \r these \r types \r of \r problems. \r However, \r it\nremains \r doubtful \r whether \r UNPOL \r has \r enough \r manpower \r to \r police \r the \r 70,000 \r IDPs \r currently\nsheltering \r on \r UNMISS \r bases. \r This \r means \r that \r despite \r explicit \r and \r repeat \r commitments,\nUNMISS \r is \r unable \r to \r provide \r a \r 24-\u00ad\u2010hour \r presence \r at \r police \r posts \r within \r the \r PoC \r area.\nMoreover, \r even \r where \r serious \r security \r incidents \r are \r reported \r in \r a \r timely \r manner \r there \r are\noften \r delays \r in \r response \r time.\n\n\nDPKO \r has \r issued \r guidelines \r to \r UNMISS \r on \r how \r to \r address \r these \r cases: \r including \r permitting\ndetention, \r expulsion \r and \r handing \r offenders \r to \r Government \r authorities, \r including \r SSNPS.\nWhile \r welcoming \r steps \r to \r address \r criminality, \r the \r extraordinary \r punitive \r measures \r raise\nconcerns \r including \r how \r to \r guarantee \r due \r process. \r It \r is \r noted \r that \r these \r measures \r place\ngreater \r emphasis \r on \r the \r punitive \r actions \r taken \r against \r presumed \r perpetrators, \r which \r must\nbe \r accompanied \r by \r preventative \r activities.\n\n\nActivities \r that \r engage \r youth \r groups \r (including \r education), \r create \r safe \r spaces \r for \r women \r to\ngather, \r lighting \r in \r and \r around \r WASH \r facilities, \r increased \r and \r improved \r patrolling \r of \r IDP\nareas \r by \r UNPOL, \r or \r other \r mission \r actors, \r as \r well \r as \r other \r community \r oriented \r activities\nmust \r be \r supported \r to \r mitigate \r against \r growing \r tensions \r and \r maladaptive \r behaviours.\n\n#### **Safety \r and \r Security \r around \r PoC \r sites**\n\nThe \r Protection \r Cluster \r and \r its \r partners \r have \r observed \r no \r significant \r change \r in \r the \r safety \r and\nsecurity \r in \r the \r immediate \r perimeters \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas. \r While \r there \r has \r been \r sporadic\npatrolling \r and \r positioning \r by \r UNMISS \r outside \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas, \r this \r has \r not \r been \r consistent\nenough \r to \r act \r as \r a \r deterrent \r to \r violence, \r including \r reported \r rape, \r abductions, \r arbitrary\narrest \r and \r detention, \r beatings \r and \r killings. \r In \r many \r sites, \r the \r PoC \r areas \r have \r large\ncongregations \r of \r soldiers \r outside \r (e.g. \r Malakal), \r or \r nearby \r (Tong \r Ping \r and \r UN \r House) \r and\n\u2018youth\u2019 \r gangs \r (Bor), \r who \r are \r carrying \r out \r activities \r against \r IDPs. \r Male \r IDPs \r are \r increasingly\nengaging \r these \r armed \r groups, \r through \r activities \r such \r as \r stone \r throwing \r and \r verbal \r abuse.\n\n\nAs \r with \r the \r attack \r on \r the \r UNMISS \r base \r in \r Akobo \r in \r December \r 2014, \r the \r brutal \r attack \r on \r Bor\nPoC \r site \r on \r 17 \r April \r 2014 \r demonstrates \r the \r vulnerabilities \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas \r and \r the \r limited\nengagement \r by \r some \r Troop \r Contributing \r Countries \r of \r UNMISS. \r The \r incident \r in \r Bor \r PoC \r and\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the \r rockets, \r which \r landed \r in \r Bentiu \r PoC, \r demonstrate \r the \r vulnerabilities \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas\nfrom \r direct \r attack \r by \r organized \r armed \r groups.\n\n\nHostilities \r and \r violence \r perpetrated \r by \r armed \r or \r organized \r groups \r against \r the \r PoC \r areas\nshould \r be \r of \r paramount \r concern \r to \r UNMISS \r and \r the \r international \r community; \r but \r concerns\nregarding \r this \r should \r not \r supplant \r actions \r required \r against \r the \r daily \r violence \r committed \r in\nand \r around \r PoC \r areas. \r As \r the \r PoC \r areas \r lack \r appropriate \r space \r and \r services \r to \r enable\ncommunities \r to \r live \r totally \r within, \r people \r need \r to \r leave \r the \r PoC \r to \r bathe, \r collect \r food \r and\nwater. \r Given \r that \r the \r provision \r of \r assistance \r in \r PoC \r sites \r is \r not \r sufficient \r to \r meet \r all \r the\nneeds \r of \r the \r IDP \r population, \r people \r are \r leaving \r the \r relate \r safety \r of \r the \r sites \r to \r access \r local\nmarkets \r to \r supplement \r food, \r or \r buy \r items \r to \r sell \r inside \r the \r PoC \r sites, \r including \r prohibited\nitems \r such \r as \r alcohol. \r The \r reports \r are \r that \r women \r are \r risking \r being \r raped, \r with \r accounts \r in\nsome \r instances \r of \r women \r being \r raped \r on \r multiple \r occasions \r when \r leaving \r PoC \r sites \r to \r go \r to\nthe \r market \r or \r on \r their \r way \r back, \r by \r armed \r groups \r at \r or \r near \r to \r UNMISS \r perimeter \r fencing.\n\n\nAdequate \r patrolling \r has \r yet \r to \r be \r established \r to \r address \r these \r issues. \r The \r current \r system\ncontinues \r to \r require \r UNMISS \r to \r seek \r GRSS \r or \r SPLA \r clearance \r to \r patrol \r around \r perimeter\nfencing \r or \r market \r areas, \r which \r has \r often \r been \r rejected. \r In \r addition \r this \r undermines \r the\nability \r of \r humanitarians \r to \r conduct \r activities \r such \r as \r upgrading \r or \r preparing \r PoC \r sites \r for\nnew \r arrivals. \r While \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r and \r other \r actors \r identified \r this \r practice \r in\nprevious \r reports, \r there \r remains \r no \r significant \r change \r to \r the \r GRSS \r consent-\u00ad\u2010based \r process \r for\nUNMISS \r patrolling. \r This \r means \r that \r even \r when \r will \r exists, \r in \r reality \r the \r patrol \r does \r not\noccur.\n\n\nOther \r methods \r of \r patrolling \r or \r preventive \r presence \r which \r must \r be \r considered, \r given \r the\nlimited \r resources \r of \r UNMISS \r Force \r include \r civilian \r protective \r presence \r or \r patrolling, \r noting\nthat \r not \r all \r preventive \r activities \r have \r to \r be \r undertaken \r by \r armed \r UNMISS \r personnel \r and\ncould \r be \r effectively \r implemented \r by \r civilian \r non-\u00ad\u2010uniformed \r staff \r walking \r around \r the\nperimeter \r areas \r without \r weapons, \r similar \r to \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r humanitarian \r activities \r in \r these \r areas.\n\n#### **Freedom \r of \r movement \r from \r PoC \r areas**\n\nThose \r who \r feel \r safe \r or \r desperate \r enough \r to \r leave \r PoC \r areas \r and \r have \r the \r resources \r to \r do \r so\nare \r making \r attempts \r to \r leave. \r While \r IDPs \r from \r sites \r such \r as \r UNMISS \r Tong \r Ping \r are \r also\nrelocating \r to \r other \r locations \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r the \r primary \r trend \r reported \r is \r relocation \r across\nnational \r borders. \r For \r the \r remaining \r populations, \r a \r sustained \r ceasefire \r is \r the \r most \r likely\nmechanism \r that \r will \r enable \r people \r to \r leave \r PoC \r sites \r and \r seek \r safety \r elsewhere.\n\nPlans \r to \r assist \r relocation \r have \r to \r date \r been \r mired \r by \r challenges. \r Surveys \r conducted \r over \r the\npast \r few \r months \r by \r REACH \r and \r IOM \r demonstrate \r an \r intention \r and \r desire \r to \r leave \r PoC \r sites\nby \r IDPs \r currently \r seeking \r shelter \r with \r UNMISS. \r However, \r many \r of \r the \r locations \r identified \r at\nthe \r outset \r of \r the \r conflict \r as \r potential \r areas \r have \r been \r mired \r and \r damaged \r by \r violence \r and\nwould \r place \r individuals \r at \r high \r risk \r of \r further \r protection \r threats, \r famine \r and \r disease.\nSimilarly, \r plans \r to \r enable \r return, \r such \r as \r the \r provision \r of \r transport \r vouchers \r from \r Malakal \r to\nRenk \r have \r been \r stalled \r due \r to \r the \r violence \r in \r Renk.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.9357173442840576, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection \r Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7514451742172241, - "start": 268, - "end": 270 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PoC \r sites", - "confidence": 0.8264142870903015, - "start": 180, - "end": 182 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9491921663284302, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.7509992122650146, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PoC \r sites", - "confidence": 0.9544113874435425, - "start": 474, - "end": 476 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.984053373336792, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r volatility \r of \r the \r conflict \r and \r previously \r \u2018safe\u2019 \r locations \r turning \r into \r conflict \r sites \r has\ncrippled \r any \r possibility \r of \r facilitated \r or \r enabled \r return. \r This, \r in \r turn, \r suggests \r that \r many\npersons \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites \r will \r remain \r there \r throughout \r the \r rainy \r season, \r for \r lack \r of \r other\noptions. \r In \r this \r regard, \r humanitarians \r should \r continue \r to \r respond \r to \r the \r exceptional\ncircumstances \r inside \r the \r bases, \r while \r advocating \r that \r both \r UNMISS \r and \r Government \r need\nto \r ensure \r adequate, \r humanitarian \r space. \r The \r steps \r required \r to \r complete \r the \r development\nof \r existing \r PoC \r sites \r and \r expansion \r of \r new \r PoC \r sites, \r as \r well \r as \r UNMISS \r security \r presence \r at\nPoC \r sites \r remains \r as, \r if \r not \r more, \r critical \r than \r ever.\n\n#### **Population \r influx \r and \r outflow \r to \r PoC \r areas.**\n\nOver \r the \r course \r of \r the \r conflict, \r the \r numbers \r in \r PoC \r areas \r and \r the \r numbers \r of \r PoC \r areas \r has\nebbed, \r following \r the \r patterns \r of \r the \r conflict. \r What \r has \r been \r observed \r is \r that \r while\nhumanitarians \r race \r against \r the \r clock \r to \r provide \r minimum \r assistance, \r the \r PoC \r areas \r continue\nto \r be \r perceived \r by \r many \r people \r as \r the \r most \r viable \r place \r to \r turn-\u00ad\u2010 \r either \r for \r safety \r but \r also\nfor \r assistance \r as \r peoples \r homes, \r villages \r and \r assets \r are \r being \r destroyed \r in \r the \r conflict.\nCivilians \r are \r fleeing \r to \r UNMISS \r County \r Support \r Bases \r (CSB) \r including \r in \r Melut \r and \r Nassir\nduring \r periods \r of \r violence, \r and \r smaller \r compounds \r with \r fewer \r if \r any \r UNMISS \r forces \r and\nseverely \r limited \r facilities \r to \r provide \r humanitarian \r assistance.\n\nThe \r recent \r mass \r influx \r of \r IDPs \r into \r Bentiu \r PoC \r is \r illustrative. \r Many \r of \r the \r new \r arrivals, \r when\nthe \r SPLA/IO \r took \r control \r were \r actually \r Nuer \r anticipating \r SPLA \r reprisals \r in \r Bentiu \r if/when\nGovernment \r forces \r recaptured \r the \r town. \r Some \r IDPs \r reported \r that \r they \r had \r travelled \r from\nacross \r Unity \r State \r into \r the \r PoC \r in \r Bentiu \r stating \r that \r they \r are \r there \r for \r the \r duration \r of \r the\nconflict \r due \r to \r a \r sense \r of \r insecurity. \r As \r such, \r the \r flow \r of \r populations \r has \r not \r necessarily\nfollowed \r the \r flow \r of \r conventional \r displacement \r patterns, \r demonstrating \r that \r the\nhumanitarian \r community \r and \r UNMISS \r should \r be \r flexible \r in \r their \r understanding \r of \r how\npopulations \r will \r relate \r to \r the \r PoC \r areas, \r including \r whether \r people \r of \r different \r ethnic \r groups\nwould \r co-\u00ad\u2010reside \r in \r the \r same \r PoC \r area.\n\n## **Humanitarians \r and \r Protection**\n\nHumanitarian \r actors, \r by \r virtue \r of \r their \r presence, \r interact \r with \r protection \r issues \r and \r can\naccordingly \r positively \r or \r negatively \r affect \r protection \r risks \r of \r those \r in \r need \r assistance. \r In\nSouth \r Sudan, \r humanitarian \r actors \r at \r the \r operational \r level \r have \r a \r very \r positive \r willingness \r to\nengage \r in \r localised \r protection \r interventions \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r integrating \r do \r no \r harm \r or \r community \r sensitive\napproaches \r to \r programming.\n\n\nDespite \r this \r good \r will, \r the \r chronic \r lack \r of \r funding, \r lack \r of \r resources, \r and \r in \r the \r case \r of \r the\nUNMISS \r PoC \r sites, \r lack \r of \r space, \r has \r forced \r the \r humanitarian \r community \r to \r choose\nbetween \r multiple \r priorities, \r with \r protection \r at \r times \r being \r cast \r aside \r in \r favour \r of \r more\nimmediately \r pressing \r response \r needs. \r The \r Crisis \r Response \r Plan \r for \r January-\u00ad\u2010June \r was\nunderfunded \r by \r 71% \r percent. \r The \r actual \r consequence \r of \r this \r underfunding \r is \r not \r only\nreduced \r coverage \r by \r humanitarian \r actors, \r but \r reduced \r quality \r programming \r which \r fully\nintegrates \r the \r protection \r needs \r of \r the \r affected \r communities.\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For \r example, \r within \r the \r PoC \r the \r lack \r of \r space, \r and/or \r inadequate \r use \r of \r existing \r space \r have\nmeant \r that \r the \r installation \r of \r grinding \r machines \r for \r sorghum \r is \r limited. \r Sorghum \r cannot \r be\neaten \r in \r its \r unground \r form, \r so \r largely \r (primarily) \r women \r need \r to \r leave \r PoC \r areas \r in \r order \r to\ngrind \r sorghum \r and \r collect \r firewood \r for \r cooking, \r placing \r them \r at \r higher \r risk \r of \r protection\nthreats \r \u2013 \r including \r increased \r vulnerability \r to \r some \r form \r of \r violence \r (as \r noted \r above).\n\n\nWhile \r not \r the \r case \r in \r all \r PoC \r sites, \r in \r many \r the \r lack \r of \r space \r means \r there \r is \r not \r enough\nroom \r within \r many \r areas \r designated \r to \r humanitarians \r for \r adequate \r child \r friendly \r spaces,\nlocations \r to \r host \r medical, \r counselling \r and \r psycho-\u00ad\u2010social \r support \r services \r for \r victims \r and\nsurvivors, \r spaces \r for \r education \r and \r other \r forms \r of \r recreation, \r which \r should \r in \r regular\ncircumstances \r would \r assist \r in \r providing \r space \r to \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions \r within \r PoC \r areas.\n\n\nThe \r patterns \r of \r funding \r has \r also \r seen \r the \r money \r concentrate \r on \r PoC \r sites \r which \r can \r provide\nthe \r appearances \r of \r there \r being \r more \r services \r available \r inside \r the \r PoC \r sites \r than \r outside \r of\nit. \r In \r Juba \r in \r particular, \r the \r need \r for \r a \r much \r stronger \r urban \r response \r is \r required. \r In \r the\nabsence \r of \r a \r perceived \r legitimate \r Government \r providing \r for \r some \r affected \r communities,\nincluding \r new \r people \r arriving \r \u2013 \r some \r of \r who \r are \r being \r brought \r by \r the \r humanitarian\ncommunity \r to \r receive \r medical \r assistance \r or \r to \r be \r reunified \r with \r family \r members \r or\nprovided \r protective \r accompaniment \r for \r onward \r travel. \r National \r NGO\u2019s \r and \r Community\nBased \r Organisations \r (CBOs) \r who \r can \r provide \r a \r safe \r and \r alternative \r option \r to \r Government\nservices \r are \r over-\u00ad\u2010stretched \r and \r receive \r very \r little \r funding. \r Access \r to \r referral \r pathways\nremains \r a \r pressing \r challenge \r given \r the \r conflict, \r which \r prevents \r access \r to \r already \r limited\nservices, \r including \r medical \r services \r such \r as \r those \r found \r at \r the \r Juba \r Teaching \r Hospital.\n\n\nAs \r the \r conflict \r continues, \r humanitarians \r will \r continue \r to \r intersect \r with \r the \r conflict \r and\ntherefore \r protection \r concerns \r \u2013 \r in \r order \r to \r assure \r both \r protective \r and \r conflict \r sensitive\nprogramming, \r adequate \r resources \r must \r be \r channelled \r to \r the \r appropriate \r humanitarian\nactors \r to \r ensure \r effective \r and \r sustainable \r programming, \r including \r through \r integrating\nprotection \r impacts \r and \r mitigation \r measures \r into \r their \r analysis \r and \r programming.\n\n## **Impunity \r for \r serious \r violations \r and \r abuses \r against \r civilians**\n\nIn \r January \r 2014, \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r in \r South \r Sudan \r along \r with \r other \r actors \r warned \r of\nthe \r significant \r risk \r that \r the \r month-\u00ad\u2010old \r conflict \r could \r become \r entrenched \r along \r ethnic \r lines,\nincluding \r increasing \r ethnically \r motivated \r targeting \r of \r civilian \r populations. [10] In \r recent \r weeks,\nthere \r has \r been \r a \r sharp \r focus \r on \r the \r scale \r of \r violence, \r marked \r by \r increased \r brutality \r in\nMalakal, \r Bor \r and \r Bentiu, \r with \r hundreds \r of \r bodies \r on \r the \r streets, \r reports \r of \r executions \r of\ncivilians \r and \r deliberate \r targeting \r of \r women \r and \r children.\n\nThe \r visit \r of \r the \r UN \r High \r Commissioner \r for \r Human \r Rights \r and \r the \r Special \r Advisor \r for \r the\nPrevention \r of \r Genocide, \r in \r addition \r to \r comments \r made \r by \r senior \r international \r figures \r such\nas \r US \r Secretary \r of \r State \r John \r Kerry \r and \r South \r Sudan \r UN \r Humanitarian \r Coordinator \r Toby\nLanzer, \r underscore \r the \r mounting \r concern \r that \r without \r sustained \r political \r engagement \r to\n\n\n10 \r Protection \r Cluster \r Trends \r Analysis, \r 19 \r January \r 2014.\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support \r the \r humanitarian \r response \r and \r the \r response \r capacity \r of \r UNMISS, \r the \r people \r of\nSouth \r Sudan \r will \r remain \r at \r serious \r risk \r of \r armed \r violence, \r with \r increasing \r risks \r of \r genocide.\n\nWhile \r there \r are \r undoubtedly \r millions \r of \r persons \r in \r South \r Sudan \r who \r do \r not \r harbour \r intent\nof \r genocide \r towards \r their \r neighbours \r or \r others, \r recognising \r the \r potential \r trajectory \r of \r the\nconflict \r and \r the \r parties \r to \r the \r conflict \r is \r the \r first \r step \r to \r developing \r a \r coherent \r political\nresponse \r to \r this \r crisis. \r All \r efforts \r should \r be \r made \r to \r support \r and \r protect \r the \r people \r of \r South\nSudan \r from \r violence. \r Dangerous \r and \r ominous \r practices \r such \r as \r the \r use \r of \r local \r radio\nstations \r to \r escalate \r violence \r should \r put \r the \r international \r community \r on \r high \r alert. \r In\naddition \r to \r the \r increased \r use \r of \r hate \r speech, \r the \r Protection \r Cluster \r notes \r with \r alarm \r the\nrhetoric \r of \r senior \r officials \r from \r both \r the \r Government \r and \r Opposition \r indicating \r support \r for\nviolence, \r callous \r indifference \r to \r the \r life \r and \r welfare \r of \r all \r citizens, \r as \r well \r as \r a \r noticeable\nincrease \r in \r provocative \r graffiti \r and \r the \r radicalisation \r of \r South \r Sudan \r youth \r groups.\n\nThroughout \r the \r conflict \r there \r continues \r to \r be \r credibly \r outlined \r allegations \r of \r gross \r human\nrights \r violations, \r war \r crimes \r and \r crimes \r against \r humanity, \r including \r violations \r of\ninternational \r humanitarian \r and \r human \r rights \r law \r and \r serious \r abuses \r against \r the \r civilian\npopulation. \r This \r includes \r indiscriminate \r attacks \r and \r targeted \r extra \r judicial \r killings \r of\ncivilians, \r including \r along \r ethnic \r lines, \r enforced \r disappearances, \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence \r such\nas \r rapes \r and \r gang \r rapes, \r and \r instances \r of \r ill \r treatment \r and \r torture \r by \r forces \r from \r both \r sides\nof \r the \r conflict, \r targeting \r foreigners \r or \r nationals \r of \r South \r Sudan. [11] In \r addition \r to \r the \r wilful\ntargeting \r of \r civilians, \r including \r girls \r and \r boys, \r other \r serious \r violations \r of \r human \r rights \r and\ngrave \r breaches \r of \r humanitarian \r law, \r including \r blatant \r disregard \r for \r the \r life \r and \r welfare \r of\ncivilians, \r have \r been \r documented. \r This \r has \r included \r wanton \r destruction \r and \r occupation \r of\ncivilian \r property, \r including \r hospitals, \r schools \r and \r markets; \r razing \r of \r villages; \r sexual \r and\nphysical \r violence; \r recruitment \r of \r children \r into \r armed \r groups \r and \r armed \r forces, \r and\ndeliberate \r separation \r of \r families; \r blocking \r access \r to \r humanitarian \r goods, \r services \r and \r places\nof \r safety; \r attacks \r on \r humanitarian \r and \r civilian \r objects, \r including \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites; \r and,\nattacks \r against \r civilians \r just \r outside \r but \r in \r close \r proximity \r to \r the \r perimeter \r of \r UNMISS \r PoC\nAreas.\n\nReports \r of \r grave \r breaches, \r violations \r and \r serious \r abuses \r continue \r to \r arise \r in \r the \r context \r of\non-\u00ad\u2010going \r and \r recent \r fighting \r \u2013 \r with \r patients \r found \r with \r signs \r of \r being \r killed \r at \r close \r range \r in\ntheir \r hospital \r beds \r in \r Malakal \r during \r attacks \r in \r late \r February. [12] Among \r others, \r the\nInternational \r Crisis \r Group \r and \r Amnesty \r have \r documented \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r violence \r and \r abuses\ntargeting \r civilians. [13] Although \r public \r reporting \r by \r UNMISS \r has \r highlighted \r some \r of \r the\nnational \r accountability \r mechanisms, \r the \r results \r remain \r unclear. \r An \r absence \r of \r serious,\ncredible \r and \r transparent \r accountability \r measures \r could \r itself \r be \r a \r trigger \r for \r continued\nviolence. \r With \r numerous \r reports \r that \r war \r crimes \r and \r crimes \r against \r humanity \r have \r in \r fact\nbeen \r committed, \r questions \r now \r arise \r for \r the \r broader \r international \r community \r on \r its\n\n\n11 \r See, \r e.g., \r UNMISS \r Interim \r Report \r on \r Human \r Rights \r Abuses \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r 21 \r Feb \r 2014; \r Protection \r Cluster\nTrends \r Analysis, \r 19 \r Jan \r 2014, \r available \r at http://southsudanprotectioncluster.org/\n12 \r See, \r e.g., \r MSF \r Report, \r 23 \r Feb \r 2014, \r available \r at http://www.msf.org.uk/article/south-sudan-medical-careunder-fire\n13 \r See \r http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/horn-of-africa/south-sudan.aspx\n\n\n24\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "obligations \r to \r address \r the \r accountability \r gaps \r based \r on \r recognized \r international \r legal\nstandards, \r including \r under \r International \r Humanitarian \r Law.\n\n## **Conclusion**\n\nThe \r violence \r experienced \r in \r South \r Sudan \r is \r shocking \r in \r scale \r and \r horrific \r in \r nature. \r The\npeople \r of \r South \r Sudan \r risk \r being \r caught \r in \r a \r cycle \r of \r violence \r that \r precipitates \r other\nhumanitarian \r threats, \r not \r least \r famine \r and \r disease \r outbreak, \r which \r in \r turn \r fuels \r further\nviolence. \r The \r commitments \r made \r by \r the \r political \r and \r military \r leaders \r of \r South \r Sudan \r to\nstop \r violence \r offers \r the \r most \r immediate \r hope \r to \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan, \r and \r any \r failure\nto \r adhere \r to \r this \r poses \r the \r greatest \r humanitarian \r threat. \r While \r the \r above \r document \r details\nmany \r of \r the \r negative \r protection \r threats \r and \r issues, \r it \r would \r be \r remiss \r to \r ignore \r the\ncommitment \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r humanitarian \r organisations, \r Human \r Rights \r Defenders, \r civil\nsociety \r and \r local \r authorities \r to \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r While \r collecting \r stories \r of\ndeliberate \r violence \r and \r its \r corresponding \r threats, \r the \r stories \r of \r astounding \r bravery \r of\npeople \r from \r South \r Sudan \r to \r protect \r their \r neighbours, \r regardless \r of \r ethnicity \r or \r political\naffiliation, \r and \r the \r desire \r for \r peace \r is \r told \r daily. \r Political \r processes \r such \r as \r the \r Addis\nAgreements \r and \r international \r gatherings \r such \r as \r those \r in \r Oslo, \r Norway \r create \r opportunities\nfor \r real \r and \r realisable \r benchmarks \r towards \r protecting \r people, \r and \r will \r succeed \r if \r they\ninvolve \r the \r people \r of \r South \r Sudan \r at \r the \r core. \r While \r armed \r actors \r sign \r peace \r agreements,\nSouth \r Sudanese \r civilians \r will \r make \r peace \r real.\n\n\n25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fcc6969-084c-35f2-9ab4-bcab101da927/20140519-South-Sudan-Protection-Cluster-Trends-Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_200/raw/doc_200_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_200/raw/doc_200_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b4aca346e3857745701bc797e98b5cd46ecbc4b4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_200/raw/doc_200_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,753 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n**WITH THE SUPPORT OF:**\n\n\n~~**CONTACT US**~~\n\n\n**Carla Carrion**\nAssociate Protection Officer\nUNHCR, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia\n\n\nTel.: +57 146 3666\n\n\n[Email: carrionc@unhcr.org](mailto:carrionc%40unhcr.org?subject=PMT%20MYR)\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_Protection Monitoring conducted during Health Care Services in Marinilla,_\n_Antioquia, Colombia._ UNHCR / J. G\u00f3mez\n\n\n2 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n## Contents\n\n\n**Context** **4**\n\n\n**Methodology** **6**\n\n\n**Highlights** **7**\n\n\n**Priority needs** **9**\n\n\n**Protection incidents** **12**\n\n\n**Characteristics of the movement** **13**\n\n\n**Employment** **17**\n\n\n**Housing** **18**\n\n\n**Education in Colombia** **19**\n\n\n**Health** **20**\n\n\n**Food Security** **21**\n\n\n**Prospects for security and discrimination** **21**\n\n\n**Intentions** **22**\n\n\n**Potential risks upon return** **23**\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n_Protection Monitoring conducted at Botero\u2019s Park, Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia. UNHCR/ J. G\u00f3mez_\n## Context\n\n\nDue to the political and humanitarian situation in Venezuela, arrivals of persons with specific\n\nprotection needs, including the need of international protection, have been increasing\n\nthroughout 2019. According to the Government\u2019s figures, the number of Venezuelans in\n\nColombia rose to 1,408,055 by June 2019, out of which only some 60% have regular\n\nmigratory status. Colombia is the main receiving country for Venezuelans, although many\n\ntransit through Colombia to other countries. Almost 600,000 Venezuelans have been able\n\nto obtain the Special Stay Permit (PEP, for its Spanish acronym) valid for two years, allowing\n\nthem to access basic services and the labour market, including some 46,000 whom did so\n\nwith UNHCR\u00b4s direct support.\n\n\nThe Colombian Government is in the process of renewing the first generation of PEP (68,000\n\nbeneficiaries) for another two years. Meanwhile, the restrictive measures for Venezuelans\n\n\n4 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\nintroduced by some countries in the region caused temporary sharp increases in the number\n\nof Venezuelans rushing to reach these countries by transiting through Colombia.\n\n\nThe number of asylum claims in Colombia remains low; however there has been a progressive\n\nincrease during 2018 and the first semester of 2019. According to the official figures, 2,592\n\nindividuals from Venezuela presented their asylum claims in 2018, and 2,134 between\n\nJanuary and April 2019.\n\n\nAccording to the Government, a cumulative 4,888 asylum claims remain pending for decision\n\nas of April 2019, most of them from Venezuelan nationals.\n\n\nAdditionally, as of April 2019, there were 320 recognized refugees, mainly from Venezuela\n\n(30%), Cuba (22%), Ethiopia, (5%), Nicaragua (4%) and El Salvador (3%).\n\n\nColombia has issued 251,600 new transit permits (PIP-PTT, for its Spanish acronym) and\n\nborder mobility cards (TMF, for its Spanish acronym) for 3.5 million Venezuelans, and there\n\nhave been 596,056 Venezuelans who have transited through Colombia, with 349,693\n\nexiting through Rumichaca International Bridge at the border with Ecuador.\n\n\nColombia continues to be an entry point and area of transit for those fleeing Venezuela.\n\nAccording to Migracion Colombia, more than 1.4 million venezuelans stay in Colombia until\n\n30 June 2019. Bogot\u00e1 has the highest concentration of Venezuelan refugees and migrants\n\n(313,528), followed by the departments of Norte de Santander (185,433), La Guajira (163,966),\n\nand Atl\u00e1ntico (125,075). **[1]**\n\n\nIn this context, the Quito Process and the Quito Plan of Action are opportunities to promote\n\nthe responsibility-sharing approach in the spirit of the Global Compact on Refugees, with a\n\nsubstantial focus on admission, reception as well as responding to specific needs, supporting\n\ncommunities, and socio-economic inclusion. The Quito Process IV meeting on 5-6 July 2019\n\nin Buenos Aires brought together 14 countries, including Colombia, to discuss challenges in\n\naddressing the Venezuela situation including registration, data collection and management,\n\ndocumentation and human mobility, as well as protection and socio-economic conditions of\n\nrefugees and migrants. The next Quito meeting, Quito V, will take place in Bogot\u00e1 on 14-15\n\nNovember 2019.\n\n\n_1 Radriografia from Migraci\u00f3n Colombia 30 June 2019_\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### 1,585 interviews 4,301 individuals\n\n\n**667** **673** **1,426** **1,528** **7** **344** **93**\n## Methodology\n\n\n**Protection Monitoring in the Americas** is a UNHCR initiative that seeks to ensure an\n\nadequate and timely understanding of the protection situation of Venezuelan nationals out\n\nof their country. The questionnaire in the tool, includes questions aimed to identify protection\n\nincidents, priority needs, future intentions and potential risks of persons of concern in\n\nreturning to Venezuela.\n\n\nProtection monitoring analysis in this report is mostly based on household interviews, and\n\nthe primary data analysis is complemented with information available to UNHCR through\n\nother means, including thematic assessments and reports from the Government, partners,\n\nand other stakeholders.\n\n\nBetween January and June 2019, UNHCR and its partners carried out a total number of\n\n**1,585 protection monitoring interviews** with Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the\n\ndepartments of La Guajira, Atl\u00e1ntico, Norte de Santander, Santander, Antioquia, Arauca,\n\nChoc\u00f3, Risaralda, Valle de Cauca, Nari\u00f1o, and Cundinamarca. The questionnaire addressed\n\nindividuals and their family members (totaling **4,301 individuals** ).\n\n\nThe interviews were conducted at border entry points, in urban areas and city centres, as\n\nwell as at UNHCR premises, including at the Information and Orientation Centers (PAO, for\n\nits Spanish acronym) where there was a reported concentration of persons of concern. The\n\ndistribution of the population surveyed is shown in the map and graph below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nArauca\n\nNorte de\nSantander\n\nCundinamarca\n\n\nAn\ufffdoquia\n\nValle del\nCauca\n\nNari\u00f1o\n\n\nLa Guajira\n\n\nSantander\n\n\nAtl\u00e1n\ufffdco\n\n\nChoc\u00f3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7248051762580872, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7063377499580383, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.923515796661377, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.8074200749397278, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5597814917564392, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8082519769668579, - "start": 195, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring in the Americas", - "confidence": 0.5260528326034546, - "start": 61, - "end": 66 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9252758026123047, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8893702030181885, - "start": 195, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.807009756565094, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8072465062141418, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9424086213111877, - "start": 195, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n## Highlights\n\n###### Persons at risk and protection incidents\n\n\n - **20%** of the individuals were identified as persons with **specific needs**, among whom\n\nwere **396** persons with critical or chronic medical conditions, **290** pregnant or lactating\n\nwomen, **142** persons with disabilities, **21** separated children, 6 unaccompanied children,\n\nand **26** elderly persons at risk.\n\n\n - Serious **negative coping mechanisms** were reported, including survival sex (8 cases),\n\nbegging (124 cases), and sending children under 15 years-old to work (10 cases). It should\n\nbe noted that the methodology used for protection monitoring has limitations to\n\nsufficiently capture the dimension and prevalence of Sexual and Gender Based Violence\n\nSGBV-related incidents. This information is indicative and should be read in conjunction\n\nwith other sources as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators.\n\n\n - **15%** of the respondents reported **one or more protection incidents** . In total, **237**\n\nprotection incidents were reported. The most commonly reported incident was **robbery**\n\nand **theft**, followed by **physical assault**, **killings**, and **torture** . Overall, **64 % of the**\n\n**incidents reported took place in Colombia**, **35%** in Venezuela and **1%** in Peru. **[2]**\n\n###### Access to territory and asylum\n\n\n - **69%** of the surveyed population **did not have any type of regular stay permit**, either\n\nbecause they entered irregularly or their temporary permits expired. **10%** referenced\n\nhaving the temporary stay permit (PEP), **4%** said they had a tourist permit or visa, while\n\n**3%** were holding permanent residence permits or visa.\n\n\n - **Only 2%** of those interviewed had **applied for asylum** . Among those who had not applied,\n\n**24%** expressed their intention to apply for asylum either in Colombia ( **21%** ), or in another\n\ncountry ( **3%** ). Of those who did not apply, the majority were unaware of the existing\n\nprocedures or entitlements.\n\n###### Health\n\n\n - Regarding **health**, all the individuals who had a medical-related issue said they had\n\napproached public hospitals or public health centres for assistance, but only **79%**\n\nreceived medical attention. The remaining **21%** claimed that they were not assisted,\n\nmainly due to a combination of lack of documentation and lack of health insurance.\n\n\n_2 Please note that respondents are asked to report protection incidents in country of origin, transit, and asylum during the_\n_monitoring exercise._\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7120351195335388, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8348171710968018, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.964499294757843, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6514208316802979, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n_Protection Monitoring conducted in the neighborhood of Carpinelo, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia. UNHCR/ \u00c1._\n_Hurtado_\n###### Coping mechanisms\n\n\n - With regards to **coping mechanisms** used while in Colombia, the main ones highlighted\n\nby respondents were **reduction of essential non-food or basic needs expenditures**,\n\nmoney loans to purchase food or basic goods, and restriction of food consumption by\n\nadults in order to prioritize providing food to children.\n\n###### Prospects for integration and discrimination\n\n\n - Regarding plans to settle, **64%** responded they wished to stay in Colombia (among which\n\n**6%** mentioned would like to relocate within the country), **24%** wished to go back home,\n\n**8%** intended to move to a third country, and **5%** responded they did not know.\n\n\n - Interviewees reflected on the attitudes of Colombians towards Venezuelans: **49%** of the\n\nrespondents stated they have experienced discrimination, mostly due to their nationality.\n\nHowever, **78%** of those interviewed said they felt safe in Colombia. Additionally, **82%**\n\nreported that they perceived their interactions with the host community as \u201cgood\u201d or\n\n\u201cvery good\u201d, **17%** described the interactions as \u201cregular\u201d, and only **1%** mentioned that\n\ntheir relationship was either \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d. This final figure shows the existing\n\nsocio-cultural ties and the relative openness of the Colombian population to receive\n\nVenezuelans.\n\n\nIn light of the continued arrival of the Venezuelan population and the pressure that this puts\n\non access to basic services such as health and employment, there is a risk that the tendency\n\nto not support integration processes for Venezuelans will increase unless comprehensive\n\nand effective responses are provided, according to recent results reported by Sayara\n\nInternational **[3]** and Semana. **[4]**\n\n\n_3 Los venezolanos en Colombia: comprendiendo las implicaciones de la crisis de refugiados en Maicao, La Guajira. Sayara_\n_International & UNIMINUTO, 2019._\n_[4 https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/encuesta-invamer-aumenta-el-rechazo-a-los-venezolanos/626177](https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/encuesta-invamer-aumenta-el-rechazo-a-los-venezolanos/626177)_\n\n\n8 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.979814887046814, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5516842603683472, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.9230068922042847, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombians", - "confidence": 0.5256226062774658, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interviewees", - "confidence": 0.626460611820221, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9130699038505554, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombians", - "confidence": 0.5422329306602478, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n**Priority Needs**\n\n\n\nRegulariza\ufffdon of stay\n\nAccess to housing\n\nAccess to health\n\nFood\n\nProvide for my family back home\n\nDocuments\n\nAccess to educa\ufffdon\n\nFamily reunifica\ufffdon\n\nCounseling\n\nTransporta\ufffdon\n\nMaterial support\n\nOther\n\nAccess to jus\ufffdce\n\nNo need\n\n\n**Access to labour**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Access to the labour market** is the first priority need expressed by respondents. **28%** of\n\nthose interviewed engaged in informal employment (other than street vendors), **27%** were\n\nunemployed, **19%** were street vendors, and **only 6% were working formally** .\n\n\n**Regularization of stay**\n\n\n**Regularization of stay** is the second priority need. Associated risks with irregular entry or\n\nirregular stay include serious negative coping mechanisms explained before.\n\n\nThe Colombian Government has made considerable efforts to introduce regularization\n\nmeasures, including the **Special Stay Permit** ( **PEP**, for its Spanish acronym), **[5]** ensuring the\n\nregular and safe movement of Venezuelans in the country and granting access to health,\n\n\n_5 Additionally, Venezuelans can enter, transit through, and leave Colombia with a passport that has been expired for up to two_\n_years. At border localities, they can also obtain the Border Mobility Card (TMF) for a maximum of seven days, during which this_\n_card allows them to cross the border into Colombia and return to Venezuela. Resolution 0872 of March 05 2019_\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\neducation, and the labour market. However, these measures benefit only half of the\n\nVenezuelan population in the country, leaving many at risk of irregularity or limited access to\n\nbasic services.\n\n\n**69 %** of the population surveyed **did not have any type of residence or stay permit** . This\n\nfigure includes 64% of the population surveyed that stated that they did not have any\n\nresidence permit or visa, and 5% who are staying irregularly or overstayed their visa or\n\npermit.\n\n\n**Type of residence permit or visa**\n\n\n\nOther\n\n\nTemporary\npermit\n\n\nIrregular\n\n\nTourist visa\n\n\nPermanent\nResident\n\nWork or\nstudy visa\n\n\n\n\n\n**Regular entry** **[6]**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, **64%** of the\n\nsurveyed persons entered **irregularly** to\n\nColombia through informal routes. These\n\ninformal routes can be extremely **dangerous**\n\n**due to the** **presence of numerous illegal**\n\n**armed actors** at the border areas of Venezuela\n\nand Colombia. People in transit are at risk of\n\nextortion, violence, theft, forced recruitment,\n\nsexual and gender-based violence, exploitation,\n\nand trafficking, among others.\n\n\n\n**Regular vs non regular entry**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_6 This section includes information from secondary sources, including observations from specific thematic assessments and_\n_reports from partners and other stakeholders._\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9657084345817566, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8033375144004822, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.9577398896217346, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan population", - "confidence": 0.8257557153701782, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "thematic assessments", - "confidence": 0.9631571769714355, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6602824330329895, - "start": 268, - "end": 269 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n**Asylum and international refugee protection considerations**\n\n\nIn line with the UNHCR Guidance Note on International Protection Considerations for\n\nVenezuelans \u2013 Update I, issued in May 2019, UNHCR considers that \u201c **the majority of**\n\n**Venezuelan nationals are in need of international protection under the criteria contained**\n\n**in the Cartagena Declaration** on the basis of threats to their lives, security or freedom\n\nresulting from the events that are currently seriously disturbing public order in Venezuela\u201d. **[7]**\n\n\nA very low percentage of surveyed persons have applied for asylum in Colombia (33 cases\n\nor **2%** ). The population interviewed showed very limited knowledge of asylum procedures\n\nand their entitlements in Colombia, however **21%** mentioned to have the intention to apply\n\nfor asylum in Colombia and **2.7 %** in another country.\n\n\n**Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Colombia** **Inten\ufffdon to apply for asylum**\n\n\n\n**2.7%**\n\n\n\n2%\nAsylum\nseeker\n\n\n\n**0.5%** Applica\ufffdon was rejected\n\n\n**Reasons for not applying**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nI don\u00b4t see\nthe added value\n\n\nOther\n\n\nIn transit\n\n\nThe procedure\nis lengthy\n\nI was told\nnot to apply\n\nCosts are\ntoo high\n\n\n\n\n\n_7 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidance Note on International Protection Considerations for Venezuelans \u2013_\n_[Update I, May 2019, para. 4 & 5, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5cd1950f4.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5cd1950f4.html)_\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### Protection incidents 1,585 interviews 237 incidents\n\n\nPersons were asked to report incidents suffered or witnessed by themselves or their family\n\nmembers. **15%** of the respondents reported **one or more protection incidents** . In total, **237**\n\nincidents were reported. Overall, the most commonly reported incident was **robbery** and\n\n**theft**, followed by **physical assault**, **killings**, and **torture** .\n\n\n**58%** of the incidents reported were suffered by the interviewed person themselves, **34%**\n\nwere witnessed, and **8%** were either suffered or witnessed by a family member.\n\n\nIt was observed that the highest number of incidents in Colombia were reported in Bogot\u00e1,\n\nD.C. (41), followed by Santander (19), Norte de Santander (15), and Valle del Cauca (12).\n\n\n\n**Incident by type |** Mul\ufffdple choice\n\n\n\n\n\n**Families who suffered or witnessed any incident**\n\n\n\nThe\ufffd\n\n\nPhysical assault\n\n\nKilling\n\nTorture or inhuman\nor degrading treatment\n\nIn\ufffdmida\ufffdon or threat\n\n\nArbitrary arrest\n\nAbduc\ufffdon or\nkidnapping\n\nExtor\ufffdon\n\nRape (including\nmarital rape)\n\nSexual assault\n\nRecruitment into\narmed forces or\nnon-state armed groups\n\nSexual Harassment\n\n\nDisappearance\n\n\nForced labour\n\n\n\n\n\n**Incidents witnessed or experience by self or family**\n**member**\n\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9368056058883667, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7945980429649353, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.8712882399559021, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7347358465194702, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### Characteristics of the movement\n\n\n\n**Means of Travel**\n\n\nThe majority of the surveyed persons had travelled by bus,\n\nwalking, and/or hitch hiking. Besides walking, the\n\n\u201ccaminantes\u201d (walkers) often used a combination of means\n\nof travel.\n\n\n**Documentation**\n\n\nRegarding the documents held by those who had to cross\n\nthe border irregularly, most respondents said they only held\n\nthe Venezuelan identity card, birth certificates, or nothing.\n\n\n**Passports:** respondents have shared serious obstacles in\n\n\n\n**Means of travel**\n\n\n\nWalking\n\n\nHitch hiking\n\n\nCar\n\n\nCab\n\n\nShip\n\n\nAirplane\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\nobtaining and/or renewing their national passports. According to legislation in Venezuela, a\n\npassport\u2019s validity can be extended for two years, as long as the passport is still valid for at\n\nleast six months. However, according to the respondents, such a process is lengthy or not\n\naccessible, and they face difficulties to meet the documentation requirements.\n\n\n\n**Travel authorizations for children:** Authenticated travel\n\nauthorizations are only issued in Venezuela if both parents\n\nare present. If one of the parents is abroad, he/she will have\n\nto approach a Venezuelan Consular Representation and\n\nmail the authorization to Venezuela. Such procedures are\n\nlengthy and require an attorney. In addition, children\n\ntravelling alone or with another person who is not their\n\nparent or legal guardian require a notarized authorization\n\nfrom both parents. All Venezuelan Consular Representations\n\nare closed in Colombia since February 2019.\n\n\n\n**Documents held by those who did not**\n**enter regularly**\n\n\n\nBirth Cer\ufffdficate\n\n\nPassport\n\n\nOther\n\n\nNone\n\n\n\n\n\n**Birth Certificates:** Foreign parents of children born in Colombia need to prove their\n\nresidence in the country in order to obtain the nationality for their children. This is not always\n\npossible for Venezuelans. The Colombian State adopted exceptional and temporary\n\nmeasures to prevent the risk of statelessness. The children of Venezuelan parents born\n\nbetween January 1, 2015 and up to two years from the date the measure was implemented\n\n(August 2021) are recognized as Colombian nationals.\n\n\nUNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n\n**Family size changed due to displacement**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Negative coping mechanisms**\n\n\n\n**Family size changes**\n\n\n**64%** of the respondents said their family size changed due\n\nto displacement, reporting they have been separated from\n\none or more members of the family with whom they were\n\nliving in Venezuela.\n\n\nThe reasons for the separation include family members left\n\nbehind due to their physical or socio-economic conditions,\n\nfamily members looking for opportunities in other countries,\n\nand, in some cases, separation affecting family unity\n\n(divorce), arbitrary detention, and/or arrest.\n\n\n**Coping mechanisms on the route**\n\n\n\n**Coping mechanisms related to displacement** and reported\n\nby the interviewed persons include spending savings,\n\nrequesting family support, selling property, asking for loans,\n\nand working along the travel route. **Serious negative coping**\n\n**mechanisms** were also reported and included **survival sex**\n\n(8 cases), **begging** (124 cases), and **sending children under**\n\n**15 years-old to work** (10 cases).\n\n\nAs reported by several stakeholders, the risks connected\n\nwith survival sex and exploitation are extremely high for the\n\nVenezuelan population, and contributing factors include: i)\n\nthe precarious economic situation of families or single\n\n\n\nSpending from\n\n[798]\nmy savings\n\n\n\nFamily support\n\n\nSelling property\n\nAsk for\nloans/credit\n\nDona\ufffdons\n\nWork along\nthe route\n\nOther\n\n\nSupport NGOs\n\n\n\n\n\nwomen prior to departure, ii) the inability to cover the costs of the trip, iii) the limited availability\n\nof formal employment, iv) the temporary nature of residence permits issued to Venezuelans,\n\nand v) the stigma associated with Venezuelan women, girls, and people with diverse sexual\n\norientation and gender identity (SOGI). **[8]**\n\n\nAs mentioned previously, this methodology does not allow for in-depth assessment of\n\nSGBV-related risks, and additional data is required to complement the protection monitoring\n\nfindings.\n\n\n_8 Women Refugee Commission, The Time to Act Is Now: Addressing Risks of Exploitation for Venezuelan Women and Children_\n_[Seeking Refuge, April 2019, https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/resources-refugee-protection/1716-the-time-to-act-is-now](https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/resources-refugee-protection/1716-the-time-to-act-is-now)_\n\n\n1 4 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8815407752990723, - "start": 379, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6765502691268921, - "start": 410, - "end": 411 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\nOnce in Colombia, coping mechanisms reported by respondents include the reduction of\n\nessential non-food or basic needs expenditures, borrowing money, restriction of food\n\nconsumption, and search for humanitarian aid.\n\n\n**Coping mechanisms at the country of monitoring**\n\n\n\nBorrow money to purchase food or basic goods\n\nRestrict food consump\ufffdon of\nadults and priori\ufffdze children\n\nSought or relied on aid from humanitarian agencies\n\nSell household items or assets\n\nMoved to a less adequate shelter situa\ufffdon\n\nI didn't do any of these\n\nReceive dona\ufffdons\n\nSkipped paying rent to meet other needs\n\nOther\n\n\n**Access to information**\n\n\n\n\n\nRegarding the type of information used to plan their trip,\n\n**1,133** respondents reported that their main source of\n\ninformation was **talking to fellow nationals** along the route,\n\nfollowed by **WhatsApp** shared information and checking\n\n**Facebook**, **Internet browsers**, and **others** .\n\n\nThese results show the potential of social media use for\n\nplanning and conducting Communication with Communities\n\n(CwC) interventions and referrals to the Regional Safe\n\nSpaces Network (RSSN), **[9]** particularly regarding alerting\n\npeople about risks, providing information on procedures\n\nand essential services for SGBV survivors, children at-risk\n\nand victims of trafficking, and countering misinformation and\n\nfraud.\n\n\n\n**Access to informa\ufffdon**\n\nTalk to other\n\n[1,133]\nconna\ufffdonals\n\n\n\nWhatsapp\n\nFacebook\n\nOther\n\nInternet pages\n\nTV\n\nInstagram\n\nChurch\n\nNewspaper\n\nTwi\ufffder\n\n\n\n\n\n_[9 UNHCR, The Regional Safe Spaces Network in the Americas: Lessons learned and toolkit, 2018, available at: https://www.](https://www.refworld.org.es/docid/5c50c4b54.htm)_\n_[refworld.org.es/docid/5c50c4b54.htm](https://www.refworld.org.es/docid/5c50c4b54.htm)_\n\n\nUNHCR 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.6689435243606567, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9166703224182129, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.9566817879676819, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8417064547538757, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n_Protection Monitoring conducted during a Health Care Services in Carpinelo, Medellin, Antioquia. UNHCR/ \u00c1._\n_Hurtad_ ~~_o_~~\n\n\n1 6 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n\n**27%** of those interviewed confirmed that they are employed\n\ninformally and **19%** are street sellers. In addition, **26%** were\n\nunemployed at the time of the interview. In total, this\n\nindicates **72%** of the people interviewed are **either**\n\n**unemployed or in a precarious job-related situation** .\n\n\nReported risks related to **labour exploitation** are often\n\nconnected to the type of documentation held by\n\nVenezuelans, the educational and professional profile of\n\nthose interviewed, and the number of months they have\n\nstayed in the host country.\n\n\nRespondents were asked about their employment in\n\nVenezuela, and **53%** reported they were working in their\n\n\n\n**Current employment**\n\nEmployee\n(informal)\n\n\n\nUnemployed\n\nStreet Seller\n\nBusiness Owner\n\nWorking at home\n\nEmployee (formal)\n\nOther\n\nDomes\ufffdc service\n\nStudent\n\nCivil servant\n\n\n\n\n\ncountry of origin as **formal employees (25%), business owners (19%), or civil servants (8%)**\n\n**in Venezuela prior to departure** .\n\n\n\nWhen analizing the type of jobs which\n\nVenezuelans had access to in their country\n\nof origin, it is evident that displacement has\n\na negative impact on skilled workers\u2019 access\n\nto the labour market in Colombia.\n\n\n**Access to employment for Venezuelans**\n\n**has proven to be an area where stronger**\n\n**interventions are needed** . In line with the\n\nGlobal Compact on Refugees (GCR) \u201cwhole\n\nof society\u201d approach, a multi-partner effort\n\nis required to identify opportunities, match\n\nthe needs of the labour market with the\n\ncapacities of asylum- seekers and refugees,\n\n\n\n**Employment in country of origin**\n\nEmployee formal\n25%\n(contract, social security)\n\n\n\nBusiness owner\n\nEmployee informal\n(no contract, no social security)\n\nUnemployed\n\nStudent\n\nCivil servant\n\nWorking at home\n\nStreet Seller\n\nOther\n\nEmployee (formal)\n\n\n\n\n\nand create opportunities and joint efforts/collaborations.\n\n\nUNHCR 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9190475940704346, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8934968709945679, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.7951955795288086, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelans", - "confidence": 0.6902520060539246, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### Housing\n\n\n**77%** of the respondents referred to rental arrangements for their housing (including those\n\nwho pay a **daily amount for a room)**, **10%** reported being hosted by family members, friends,\n\nor others, **5%** referred to spontaneous housing arrangements, **5%** were living in the streets,\n\n**2%** were at a reception or transit facility, and only **1%** mentioned that they own property.\n\n\n**90%** of those with accommodation have regular access to **water and electricity** .\n\n\nAs to the main **obstacles** to finding housing, **42%** of those interviewed said they had faced\n\nproblems when looking for accomodation, mostly due to lack of economic means and lack\n\nof guarantors, followed by discrimination based on nationality and lack of required\n\ndocumentation.\n\n\n\n**Housing type**\n\nRental\n\n[77.4%]\nArrangement\n\n\n\n**Obstacles finding a house**\n\n\n\n**Reasons for not finding a house**\n\n\n\nHosted\nArrangement\n\n\nStreet Squa\ufffdng\n\n\nSpontaneous\nArrangement\n\n\nCollec\ufffdve\nAccommoda\ufffdon\n\n\nOwned\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLack of guarantor\n\n\nRejec\ufffdon because of\nbeging a foreigner\n\n\nLack of documents\n\n\nOther housing\nobstacles\n\n\nNone\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 8 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### Education in Colombia\n\n\n\n**55%** (581) of the children were reportedly **not**\n\n**attending school**, mainly since they have\n\nrecently arrived, because the lack of required\n\ndocumentation to enroll, or because they were\n\nin transit. **Limited space in public schools** is a\n\nbarrier to access education as well as lack of\n\nfinancial resources to cover school materials\n\nand uniforms.\n\n\n\n**School a\ufffdendance**\n\nRegistered and\na\ufffdending\nNot a\ufffdending 40% (416)\n\n\n5% (89)\n\n\n\n**Reasons why they are not a\ufffdending school |** Mul\ufffdple choice\n\n\n\nhow access to educa\ufffdonal services\n\n\n\nLack of informa\ufffdon or knowledge of\nhow access to educa\ufffdonal services\n\n\n\nLate for enrollment\nJob\nCompleted studies\nNot interested in studying\nHelp with household chores\nDiscrimina\ufffdon\nPregnancy\nNo educa\ufffdonal establishments available\n\n\n\nLack of transporta\ufffdon\nSchool failure\nDisability\nDisease\nFear of teachers\nThe family does not allow a\ufffdendance\n\n\n\nUNHCR 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n#### Health\n\n\n**Critical or chronic medical conditions**\n\n\nGiven the very limited access to medical services in Venezuela, there are groups that are at\n\nheightened risk and need urgent treatment after their departure from Venezuela. During the\n\nprotection monitoring interviews, **396** persons with **critical or chronic medical condition**\n\nwere identified, as well as **290 pregnant or lactating women** and **142** persons with **disability** .\n\n\n**Obstacles accessing medical a\ufffden\ufffdon**\n\nLack of\ndocumenta\ufffdon\n\n\n\nLack of health\ninsurance\n\n\nOther\n\n\nLack of informa\ufffdon\n\n\nLack of resources\nto cover expenses\n\n\n\n\n\n**25%** of the people interviewed said they have had some health-related issue since arriving\n\nto Colombia. Of those respondents, **79%** went to a health facility and **received medical**\n\n**attention** . The remaining **21%** claimed that they were not assisted mainly due to a combination\n\nof lack of documentation, lack of health insurance, and lack of information.\n\n\n\n**Had a health issue since arriving to**\n**Colombia**\n\n\n\n**Went to a health facility**\n\n\n\n**Received medical a\ufffden\ufffdon**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 0 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT", - "confidence": 0.738920271396637, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8021275401115417, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.7461726069450378, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n#### Food Security\n\nThe respondents were asked about their average daily food\n\nintake. **58%** said they had an average of three meals a day,\n\n**30%** two meals a day, and **9%** one meal a day. Most of the\n\nrespondents commented how the situation has drastically\n\nchanged in terms of access to food as compared with that in\n\nVenezuela.\n\n\nIn **318** cases, it was reported that the adults of the family had\n\nto **reduce their food intake** and prioritize their children, and\n\n**418** reported to have borrowed money to purchase food\n\nand basic goods.\n\n\n\n**Number of meals**\n\n3 2 1 Over 3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### discrimination\n\n**78%** of the respondents said they **felt safe** where they live and **82%** evaluated their\n\nrelationship with the local community as **very good or good.**\n\n\nHowever, **49%** of those interviewed said they had felt **discriminated against** while living in\n\nColombia, mostly due to their nationality (411 cases), and in some cases for being a woman\n\n(26 cases).\n\n\n\n**Discrimina\ufffdon**\n\n\n**Yes**\n**48.7%** **No**\n**51.3%**\n\n\n\n**Interac\ufffdon with the local community**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Feeling of safety**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9030303955078125, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8744288086891174, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.8552706837654114, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9677991271018982, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\n\n**Reason for discrimina\ufffdon**\n\n\n\nAs a woman\n\n\nby age\n\n\nOther\n\nBy ethnicity\nor skin color\n\nSexual orienta\ufffdon\n\n\n\n\n\nIn terms of feelings of safety, interviewees referred to the\n\nneighborhood where they live and/or the environment at\n\nwork and relationship with their workmates. Cases of\n\ndiscrimination often were the result of specific negative\n\nexperiences and/or the general work atmosphere, in some\n\ninstances fueled by media and social media reactions.\n\n\nUNHCR and partners have observed that the multiple\n\nincidents of discrimination that Venezuelan women often\n\nface have sexual connotations, are stigmatizing, and can\n\nresult in resorting to negative coping mechanisms (i.e.\n\nsurvival sex).\n\n\n\n**58%** of the respondents said they would like to stay in Colombia, **24%** wished to return to\n\nVenezuela, **8%** were planning to move on or return to another country, and **6%** wanted to\n\nrelocate inside Colombia.\n\n\n**Plans to se\ufffdle**\n\n\n\n**5.6%**\n\n\n**7.9%**\n\n\n**of origin**\n**23.6%**\n\n\n\n**57.5%**\n\n\n\n2 2 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING MID-YEAR REPORT\n\n\nWhen asked about the risks they could face if they returned to Venezuela, respondents\n\nmost often cited a **combination of causes**, including violent incidents that may affect\n\n\n\nthemselves individually, their families, or their communities.\n\nThey also referred to serious obstacles to **access the**\n\n**minimum standard of living and rights**, including access\n\nto health, food, and the labour market. The graphic shows\n\nthat the deterioration of the situation in Venezuela is multi\nfaceted and affects most aspects of the lives of individuals\n\n\n\n**Risk upon return**\n\n\nAccess to\nrights risks\n\n\nBoth risks\n\n\n\n\n\n809\n\n\n\nand communities, including safety. Violence\nrelated risks\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COLOMBIA PROTECTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8806836605072021, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8790593147277832, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.6460720896720886, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "MID-YEAR", - "confidence": 0.664878785610199, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5577059388160706, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **COLOMBIA** **PROTECTION** **MONITORING**\n\n**January - June 2019**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600fdd7c-24c9-30f5-81ce-b2f5991a7eb2/74674.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_201/raw/doc_201_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_201/raw/doc_201_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 99c81be4e296f2da5acfbb8e3ea54ff5a4792695..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_201/raw/doc_201_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 186**\n\n# **Prevention of forced displacement:** **the inconsistencies of a concept**\n\n\n**Josep Zapater**\n\n\n**Senior Protection Officer**\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n**Geneva**\n\n\nE-mail: Zapater@unhcr.org\n\n\nApril 2010\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u201epublications\u201f at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nSince the inception of its popularity in the 1990s, the concept of _prevention_ has\nbecome a staple of almost all important attempts to delimitate the scope of\nhumanitarian action in the field of forced displacement. The thesis of this article is\nthat, despite its omnipresence, the concept not only remains ill-defined, but is also so\nmuch ridden with internal inconsistencies as to render it all but impractical as a basis\nfor policy design in the humanitarian field.\n\n\nMy point of view here is exclusively functional: that is, we assume that if the concept\nof _prevention of forced displacement_ reveals itself as not being instrumental in the\ndevelopment of concrete and sound protection policies and interventions in the\nhumanitarian field, and therefore in effective protection of rights, then humanitarian\npolicymakers need simply discontinue its systematic use.\n\n\nA number of clarifications need to be made from the start. First, in this article I cover\nonly forced displacement in the context of armed conflict, and although I succinctly\ntrace the development of the concept in the refugee field, I focus mostly on internal\ndisplacement. Second, there is no particular claim here to novelty of analysis. The\nproblems and inconsistencies of the concept of _prevention of forced displacement_\nhave long been noted by policymakers and practitioners.\n\n\nThus, current doctrine habitually uses the concepts of either _prevention of root causes_\n_of forced displacement_, or _prevention of unlawful displacement_ . I try to demonstrate\nhere that, despite the inherent value of these efforts in injecting both an adequate\nrights focus and practical meaning to _prevention_, the potential of the concept to\ngenerate sound humanitarian policies remains very limited.\n\n\nThird, as partly explained above, this article takes an analytical and also very practical\nperspective. I try to take distance from well-known debates on the presumed role of\nthe important doctrinal, institutional and practical developments on IDP protection in\nthe 90s and 00s, in actually preventing refugee movements to industrialized\ncountries [1] .\n\n\nAt the same time, I try to stay away from ongoing discussions on whether particular\nhumanitarian organizations should be involved in particular aspects of the protection\nof war affected populations, IDPs and refugees. Whereas the field experiences at the\norigin of this article happened with the UNHCR, I try to adopt here a sort of _veil of_\n_ignorance_ in the manner of Rawls, whereby the only criteria taken into account to\ndefine good protection policies are their capacity to actually guarantee equal access to\n\n\n1 The view that political factors and particularly the desire to contain refugee flows were a catalyst of\nrenewed interest in IDPs in the 90s has been presented among other by J. Hathaway, in _New Directions_\n_to Avoid Hard Problems: The Distortion of the Palliative Role of Refugee Protection_, Journal of\nRefugee Studies, Vol. 8 No. 3, Oxford, 1995, pp. 290-294, and M. Barutciski, in _The Reinforcement of_\n_Non-Admission Policies and the Subversion of UNHCR: Displacement and Internal Assistance in_\n_Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 \u2013 94)_, International Journal of Refugee Law Vol. 8 No. \u00bd, Oxford, 1996,\npp. 49-110.While I partially share these analysis, it is necessary to separate the questions of _why_ the\ninternational community found an increased interest in IDPs in the 90s, from the questions of _how best_\nto address their assistance and protection concerns. This article situates itself squarely in the field of the\nlatter question.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rights to affected populations, assuming as a working hypothesis that we do not know\nwhich humanitarian actors will implement them.\n\n\nThe fieldwork at the origin of this paper took place in the southern Colombian\ndepartment of Nari\u00f1o, in January-February 2005, in the framework of UNHCR\u201fs IDP\noperation in Colombia [2] . I explain here the reactions of two indigenous groups at being\npresented by UNHCR with the concept of _prevention_, when trying to plan in a\nparticipatory way actions preventive of forced displacement.\n\n\nThe results of these consultations are presented here merely as a catalysis of\nreflection, and as a means to show the conceptual fragility of the idea of prevention\nwhen put to the test with war-affected populations. I examine afterwards the internal\ninconsistencies of the concept, referring to the main relevant policy references issued\nin the latest years, and the negative consequences in terms of the design of adequate\nprotection policies that a hypothetical systematic use of the concept would entail.\nFinally, I present some possible alternatives to its use.\n\n\n**Preventing internal displacement in southern Colombia**\n\n\nIn 2002, the UNHCR team in Colombia had for a number of years already been trying\nto answer the complicated question of how a large UNHCR IDP operation should\nrelate to refugee operations in neighbouring countries, most notably Ecuador and\nVenezuela, home to thousands of Colombian refugees, expelled by the same internal\nconflict that was at the origin of Colombia\u201fs 3 million IDPs.\n\n\nThe most obvious response was the production of country of origin information, both\nas analysis of causes of displacement, and as an early warning for contingency and\nassistance purposes, with a particular focus on border areas. These efforts were\nusually dubbed _border monitoring_ . In this case, the use of the expression occurs of\ncourse in symmetry to habitual UNHCR practice, whereby border monitoring takes\nplace from the country of asylum.\n\n\nDuring these years, the departments of Nari\u00f1o and Putumayo, bordering with\nEcuador, progressively became one of the focus of armed conflict in Colombia. An\nincrease in drug production, together with the strategic importance of the border,\npitted the Colombian army, paramilitary forces and FARC guerrillas against each\nother in a ruthless contest for territorial control, resulting very often in massive\ninternal displacement or refugee outflows to Ecuador.\n\n\nInitially, UNHCR based its border monitoring efforts in a combination of press\nreviews, conflict analysis and field missions, that soon became frustrating in its\ndistance to local communities and therefore its relatively little added value in terms of\nearly warning. Border monitoring started to be de-centralized to the Field Offices,\nwhich soon realized that effective early warning could only be produced in the\nframework of longer-term alliances with local communities considered as \u201cat risk of\ndisplacement\u201d, based on some sort of assistance or protection intervention.\n\n\n2 This section is wholly based in the author\u201fs personal experience first as a focal point for border\nmonitoring in the UNHCR Branch Office in Bogot\u00e1 (April 2001 \u2013 May 2002), then as a head of Field\nOffice in Puerto As\u00eds, Putumayo, from October 2003 to December 2003, and finally as a head of Field\nOffice in Pasto, Nari\u00f1o, from January 2004 to December 2006.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This, of course, opened the question of what sort of intervention could UNHCR\ndevelop in communities that had so far not been displaced. Despite the important\nprecedent of the Bosnia operation in the 90s and the intense debate it generated, the\nonly policy documents at the time referred only to the prevention of refugeeproducing situations, which only partially applied to the mentioned situation.\n\n\nAs an example, the 2003 Agenda for Protection, under Goal 1 ( _Strengthening_\n_implementation of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol_ ) and its objective 12\n( _More resolute responses to root causes of refugee movements_ ), instructed UNHCR,\n\u201cthrough its field presence, to act as a catalyst, where appropriate, in mitigating\ncircumstances which might lead to refugee flows\u201d [3] .\n\n\nThus, the UNHCR Field Office in Nari\u00f1o dedicated during 2004 considerable time\nand effort in building confidence with the indigenous Aw\u00e1 and Eperara-Siapidaara\ncommunities, which were at the time already deeply affected by massacres and forced\ndisplacement [4] . In February 2005 the Office and indigenous leaders decided to\norganize two separate workshops, with participation of some thirty leaders, women,\nmen and youth from communities who were considered as _at risk of displacement_, in\nwhich to analyze the problem of forced displacement and see ways in which UNHCR\ncould assist in preventing its causes.\n\n\nThe methodology chosen for the workshops was that of problem analysis in the\nlogical framework. Interpreters and aides for those who could not read or write were\nat hand, and a highly visual approach was used whereby the problem tree was\npresented as a physical rainforest tree. The workshops were kicked off by presenting\n\u201cforced displacement\u201d as the main problem, in the hope that community participants\nwould then identify the different layers of causality (i.e., the roots of the tree), and\nthen design activities to prevent the root causes from appearing.\n\n\nDuring the first hours of the workshops, whereas almost all participants quickly\ngrasped the meaning of _prevention_, they were unable to apprehend why _forced_\n_displacement_ was presented as the central problem. The reaction to this approach can\nbe summarized around three points:\n\n\nFirst, on many occasions people flee to protect their lives, that is, they use flight as a\nprotective strategy against the effects of armed conflict. Rather than preventing it,\nflight and displacement need to be _managed_ so that communities can have maximum\ncontrol over it and its consequences, for instance through the establishment of\nassembly centres with stockpiles of food and non-food items as near as possible the\nplaces of origin, the drafting of community based contingency plans, and training at\nnational and international protection principles of IDPs so that they can successfully\nnegotiate with authorities protection, assistance and durable solutions.\n\n\nSecond, forced displacement is just one of the threats generated by armed conflict.\nOthers are: kidnappings, assassinations, loss of land and property, loss of autonomy\nand self-governing capacity at the hands of regular or irregular armed groups.\n\n\n3 See UNHCR, _Agenda for Protection_, available at\n[http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3e637b194.pdf [accessed 28 December 2008].](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3e637b194.pdf)\n4 Armed conflict has dramatically intensified in Nari\u00f1o over the last three years. In February 2009,\naccording to Aw\u00e1 leaders, FARC guerrillas massacred at least 17 members of this community. Again in\nAugust 2009 this community denounced a fresh massacre of 12 indigenous persons.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Therefore, it does not make sense that one international agency with a protection\nmandate would choose to concentrate in just one of these threats, and not necessarily\nthe most serious one.\n\n\nThird, the typical triggering events of forced displacement can certainly be identified:\nassassinations, threats, and combats in the proximity or in inhabited areas. However, a\nprotective strategy will not be able to prevent the appearance of these factors. Rather,\nin some cases communities may have some control over the root causes.\n\n\nIf, for instance, communities reduce the cultivation of coca leaves, the incentive for\narmed actors to compete for this resource is reduced and therefore conflict diminishes.\nIn this case, the root causes of forced displacement are exactly the same as for other\nconsequences of armed conflict. Therefore, any intervention at their level loses its\ncharacter of \u201cIDP policy\u201d and becomes just protection in the context of armed\nconflict. It becomes then arbitrary to use exclusively the concept of forced\ndisplacement to identify its root causes and plan a preventive policy.\n\n\nUNHCR was in the end left with no choice other than developing an intervention that\ndid away with the concept of prevention of displacement and sought instead to\ndevelop certain abilities in the community that would reduce their vulnerability to\narmed conflict, such as training of leaders, strengthening of community-based justice\nmechanisms in order to avoid armed actors adopting the role of conflict-solvers,\ngaining thereby control of communities, and developing community-based\ncontingency plans for forced displacement. The latter ended up being the only element\nin the intervention that was directly related to forced displacement.\n\n\nUNHCR was initially very reluctant to embark in the initiative. After much internal\nanalysis, the Field Office finally decided to do so, partly out of our initial commitment\nto leave the indigenous population a wide margin to participate in project design. The\nmost shocking aspect was not finding out that UNHCR\u201fs expertise on forced\ndisplacement was being rejected out of hand, but rather being forced to look at\ncommunities affected by armed conflict, which we were labelling as \u201ccommunities at\nrisk of displacement\u201d, through lenses other than the dynamics of forced migration.\n\n\nWhat follows below is a critical analysis of the concept of prevention of forced\ndisplacement in its diverse incarnations. The discussion is mainly conceptual and it\ndoes not claim to be fully based on field experience, as the two cases above cannot in\nany case amount to a sample valid for research purposes. However, these cases\ncontribute to illuminate the risks inherent to the developing of humanitarian policies\nwhen their conceptual foundations are not sound and have not passed the tests of\ncritical analysis and, above all, of testing with the communities we are trying to\nprotect.\n\n**Evolution of the concept of prevention of forced displacement**\n\n\nThe current concept of prevention as applied to forced displacement first surfaces in\nthe early 80s [5] . On a suggestion by the Federal Republic of Germany, the Secretary\n\n5 As such, the concept is by no means a new one. J. Hope Simpson, in a 1939 study devoted to refugees\nin the interwar period, states that \u201c[p]revention is better than cure, and international action must be\ndirected to prevent the emergence of new refugee movements by easing those tensions, political and\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "General of the United Nations appointed in 1981 a group of experts to explore ways to\navert new flows of refugees, which pointed in its 1986 report to the close links\nbetween human rights violations and refugee flight [6] .\n\n\nAt the time, UNHCR reacted coldly to these approaches, stating that \u201cit cannot\nconcern itself with the circumstances that brought [refugee problems] into existence\u201d [7] .\nIn a parallel development, former High Commissioner to Refugees Sadruddin Aga\nKhan was appointed in 1981 by the UN Commission on Human Rights as a Special\nRapporteur for Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, recommending the deployment of\nhumanitarian observers to crisis areas, the adoption of an early warning system and\nthe carrying out of conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms as the choice\npreventive policies [8] .\n\n\nThe 1981 Report of the UN Secretary General makes a clear link between violations\nof human rights and the flight of refugees, and proposes early warning as one of the\nkey mechanisms to \u201cavert refugee flows\u201d [9] . A similar approach is taken by a 1986\ndocument of the UN General Assembly focusing on international cooperation to avert\nnew flows of refugees [10] . The 90s were to witness a dramatic change in the way\ninternational relations affected humanitarian policies, of which the expansion of the\nconcept of prevention was one of its main manifestations.\n\n\nThe sudden interest of donor countries and some humanitarian organizations, first of\nall UNHCR, in the concept has been attributed to a diversity of factors: the growing\ncosts to donors and host countries that the increase in refugee flows was originating [11] ;\nthe perceived threat posed by these flows to national, regional and international\nsecurity [12] ; and the opportunity for humanitarian action closer to the causes of\ndisplacement that the perceived relaxation of classic concepts of sovereignty,\nfollowing the end of the Cold War, seemed to be opening for humanitarian actors [13] .\n\n\nAll these circumstances seemed to conspire to enable the application of the old\nmedical adage, \u201cprevention is better than cure\u201d, to humanitarian work, based on a\n\neconomic, which threaten to produce unplanned migration movements\u201d. See Hope Simpson, J., _The_\n_Refugee Problem, Report of a Survey_, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1939.\n6 _Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on International Co-operation to Avert New Flows of_\n_Refugees_, Note by the Secretary-General, A/41/324, 13 May 1986.\n7 Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations, General Assembly, A/36/582, 23 October 1981.\n8 _Human Rights and Mass Exoduses_, UN GA res. 30 (XXXVI) of 11 March 1980.\n9 United Nations, Economic and Social Council _, Study on Human Rights and Massive Exoduses_,\nE/CN.4/1503, 31 December 1981.\n10 United Nations, General Assembly, _International Co-operation to Avert New Flows of Refugees_,\nA/41/324, 13 May 1986.\n11 Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u201fs Programme, Standing Committee, _Follow-up to_\n_ECOSOC resolution 1995/56: UNHCR activities in relation to prevention_, EC/46/SC/CRP.33, 28 May\n1996. Also on occasion of the mass refugee influx in the aftermath of the Rwanda genocide, UNHCR\nwas asking \u201cwhat would have happened in Rwanda if the two billion dollars spent in the first two\nweeks of the refugee emergency would have been used to maintain peace, protect human rights and\npromote development in the period preceding the genocide?\u201d. UNHCR, _The State of the World\u2019s_\n_Refugees: in Search of Solutions_, 1995.\n12 _Ibid_ .\n13 Scholar Luise Dr\u00fcke, for instance was writing in 1993 : \u00ab[t]he international community should move\nforcefully now, while almost global cooperation is possible, since the vanishing of the East-West\nConflict, to institutionalize new preventive and interventionist approaches to save human lives, prevent\nfuture abuses and forced population displacement \u00bb. Dr\u00fcke, Luise, _Preventive Action for Refugee_\n_Producing Situations_, Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M., 1993.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "logic of reduced costs and increased impact of preventive rather than reactive action.\nThus, for UNHCR, the classical approach focusing on prevention and solutions (that\nis, responsive action and remedial action) gave way to the three-pronged approach of\nprevention, protection and solutions (preventive action, responsive action and\nremedial action) [14] .\n\n\nUNHCR struggled at the beginning with the actual content of the concept and\nparticularly with the question of whether it applied to the _causes_ of refugee flows\n(concerning itself therefore with questions of human rights and human security), or\nmerely to the _symptom_ (the refugee flows in themselves, as a migration management\nconcern). The 1992 Note on International Protection, containing one of the first\ndefinitions of prevention by UNHCR, maintains some ambiguity while underlining\nthe need to uphold the right to seek asylum:\n\n\nThe Working Group considered prevention to be an umbrella term\ncovering activities both to attenuate causes of departure and to reduce or\ncontain cross-border movements or internal displacements. Prevention is\nnot, however, a substitute for asylum; the right to seek and enjoy asylum,\ntherefore, must continue to be upheld. [ 15]\n\n\nAt the same time, from early on UNHCR saw the ease with which this definition\ncould be interpreted as giving policy coverage to activities seeking to reduce access to\nasylum, particularly to industrialized countries, and to put the financial and political\ncosts of the response to forced displacement in the countries where it originated. Thus,\nthe 1993 _Note on International Protection_ warns that\n\n\nThe objective of prevention is not to obstruct escape from danger or from\nan intolerable situation, but to make flight unnecessary by removing or\nalleviating the conditions that force people to flee. Defending the right to\nremain does not in any way negate the right to seek and to enjoy asylum.\nUNHCR has always insisted that its activities in countries of origin are not\nincompatible with and must not in any way undermine the institutions of\nasylum or the individual\u201fs access to safety. [16]\n\n\nUNHCR\u00b4s groundbreaking interventions in northern Iraq and Bosnia (which the\nagency at times presented as falling under the concept of prevention), and the\ncatastrophic failure of techniques of in-country protection such as the safe areas in\nSrebrenica, Gorazde, Bihac and Zepa opened the concept wide for criticism [17] . After\n\n14 On this, see Mangala, Jack, _Pr\u00e9vention des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de population \u2013 possibilit\u00e9s et_\n_limites_, International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 83 no. 844, pp. 1067 \u2013 1095. This article remains\none of the very few studies focusing on the actual merits and shortcomings of the concept of\nprevention.\n15 Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u00b4s Programme, _Note on International Protection_, 25\nAugust 1992, A/AC.96/799, para. 26.\n16 Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u00b4s Programme, _Note on International Protection_, 31\nAugust 1993, A/AC.96/815, para. 37.\n17 Michael Barutciski in _The Reinforcement_ \u2026 ( _op. cit_ . ) affirms that \u201cthe international refugee\nregime\u00b4s recent preoccupation with in-country protection is intended to reinforce State policies that\ndeny entry to asylum seekers, and that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees is assigned these interventionist activities in order to indirectly subvert its original palliative\nrole.\u201d Barutciski adds that \u201c(\u2026) there is legitimate concern that the new paradigm by which refugee\nflows are to be prevented from occurring may solve problems for powerful States that feel endangered\nby forced migration while not actually helping persons who face persecution\u201d.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1995, the agency continued to work on the concept, while pointedly warning against\nits more contentious interpretation of \u201cprevention of refugee movements\u201d. The\ndefinition crystallized around addressing the causes of refugee movements:\n\n\nPreventive action consists of initiatives which have the effect of averting\nthe occurrence and recurrence of those conditions which force people to\nleave their usual place of residence. The notion of prevention should\nnever be confused with efforts to obstruct the flight of threatened\npopulations, to deter the departure of people who intend to seek refuge\nelsewhere or to undermine the institution of asylum. [ 18]\n\n\nThe last important appearance of the concept, as applied to refugees, in a UNHCR\ndocument dates back from 2001, when one of the objectives of the Agenda for\nProtection [19] was formulated as \u201caddressing the root causes of refugee movements\u201d.\n\n\nThe second important field of humanitarian policy in which the concept has been used\nand developed has been the general efforts to clarify the legal basis and operational\nprinciples of the protection of internally displaced persons. Noteworthy is the 1998\nstudy on the legal aspects relating to the protection against arbitrary displacement [20],\nthe annotations to the Guiding Principles by Prof. Walter K\u00e4lin [21], and subsequent\nefforts to offer general operational guidance to IDP operations, in particular the\ndocument _Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for Law and_\n_Policymakers_ [22], the _Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons_ [23],\nthe manual _Protection of Conflict-Induced IDPs: Assessment for Action_ [24], and several\nUNHCR documents clarifying the material and personal scope of UNHCR\u00b4s IDP\nprotection activities.\n\n\nThe most notable aspect of these efforts is, with a few exceptions, its legal tilt: its\nfocus is very much on exploring how and to which extent International Humanitarian\nLaw prohibits forced displacement, what may be the exceptions to this prohibition,\nwhat are the conditions under which legal displacement can be carried out, and what\nare the activities that humanitarian actors can undertake to promote respect for this\n\n\n18 _UNHCR\u2019s role in the prevention of refugee-producing situations_, UNHCR, Geneva, 1999.\n19 See above, endnote no. 3.\n20 _Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis Deng, submitted pursuant to_\n_Commission on Human Rights resolution 1997/39, Addendum, Compilation and Analysis of Legal_\n_Norms, part II: Legal Aspects Relating to the Protection against Arbitrary Displacement_,\nE/CN.4/1998/53/Add.1, 15 February 1998.\n21 K\u00e4lin, W., _Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: Annotations_, Studies in Transnational\nLegal Policy no. 38, The American Society of International Law, Washington DC, 2008.\n22 _Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for Law and Policymakers_, Brookings\nInstitution \u2013 University of Bern, October 2008, available at\nhttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2008/1016_internal_displacement/10_internal_displ\nacement_manual.pdf [accessed 7 September 2009]. The Manual is of course addressed mainly to\nStates. However, it provides guidance to humanitarian actors precisely in the range of measures, such\nas the express prohibition of arbitrary displacement, for which they need to advocate with\nGovernments.\n23 _Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons,_ Global Protection Cluster Working\nGroup, December 2007, available at\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4790cbc02.pdf [accessed 7 September 2009]\n24 _Protection of Conflict-Induced IDPs: Assessment for Action_, Protection Cluster Working Group \u2013\nEarly Recovery Cluster Working Group, available at\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/47eba3c62.pdf [accessed 7 September 2009]\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "legal framework. The Guiding Principles partly echo the ICRC\u00b4s main response to the\nprevention debates of the 90s, that is, that prevention efforts must above all be based\non promoting in general the respect of International Humanitarian Law [25] :\n\n\nAll authorities and international actors shall respect and ensure respect for\ntheir obligations under international law, including human rights and\nhumanitarian law, in all circumstances, so as to prevent and avoid\nconditions that might lead to displacement of persons. [26]\n\n\n1. Every human being shall have the right to be protected against being\narbitrarily displaced from his or her home or place of habitual residence.\n\n\n2. The prohibition of arbitrary displacement includes displacement:\n\n\n(a) When it is based on policies of apartheid, \u201cethnic cleansing\u201d or similar\npractices aimed at or resulting in alteration of the ethnic, religious or racial\ncomposition of the affected populations;\n\n\n(b) In situations of armed conflict, unless the security of the civilians\ninvolved or imperative military reasons so demand (\u2026). [27]\n\n\nThe concept of prevention is thus very much at the centre of efforts to distill what\nmust be done _before_ displacement occurs, and it is mentioned in each and every\ndocument mentioned above. While no particular attempt at definition is done, much\ncare is taken to avoid the conceptual traps that plagued debates over the concept in the\n90s. As an example, the IDP Handbook warns that\n\n\n(\u2026) All persons have a right to move freely and in safety within their\ncountry and to leave the country and seek asylum in another country at\nany time. Efforts to prevent and / or minimize forced displacement and\nmitigate its adverse effects must not in any way restrict or limit freedom\nof movement, impede people\u201fs ability to move, or influence their decision\nto do so. [28]\n\n\nAs for the particular activities that an operationalization of the concept of prevention\nmight contain, there is some divergence between the documents mentioned above. All\nactivities, however, might be grouped into four larger categories:\n\n\npromoting legal recognition and respect of the right to be free from arbitrary\n\ndisplacement, and the consequent prohibition of arbitrary displacement:\n\n\naddressing root causes particularly through conflict prevention:\n\n\nassessment, early warning and contingency planning; and,\n\n\n25 ICRC, declaration to the OAU / UNHCR Commemorative Symposium on African Refugees and the\nProblems of Forced Displacement of Populations, quoted in Mandala, J., _Le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de_\n_populations comme nouvelle dimension de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : role et responsabilit\u00e9s de l\u2019OTAN,_ August 2001,\navailable at http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/munuma.pdf [accessed 7 September 2009].\n26 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Principle 5.\n27 _Ibid_ ., Principle 6.\n28 _Handbook, op. cit,_, page 164.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "field-based protective strategies, such as presence, advocacy, community\n\nmobilization and information on their rights. [29]\n\nOnly UNHCR seems to tackle the question of who might be the persons of\ncommunities to be protected by these activities, when attempting to clarify the\norganization\u201fs scope of engagement with the protection of internally displaced\npersons. Thus, the concept coined to delimit the personal scope of preventive\nactivities is \u201ccommunities at risk of displacement\u201d. The organization readily admits\nthat this category, the nature and scope of corresponding protection responses and\noperational activities, and the potential overlap of mandates between UNHCR, ICRC\nand OHCHR all need further clarification. [30]\n\n\n**Analysis of the concept**\n\n\nLet us now take a closer look at the concept in itself and the possible consequences of\na systematic application. Any analysis of the concept of prevention of forced\ndisplacement must start by a statement of the obvious: it fails to do justice to the\ncomplexity of the phenomenon of forced migration in contexts of armed conflict.\n\n\nAccording to the cases, forced displacement may be a legitimate decision by armed\nactors; an unintended consequence of armed actions that may be in themselves legal\nor illegal; a method of warfare and a war crime; and in addition to all this, a trigger of\nhumanitarian catastrophes, or an additional causal element in broader migration trends\nlinked to poverty.\n\n\nAt the same time, looking at the phenomenon from the viewpoint of the own decisionmaking processes of affected populations, it is also in many cases a self-protective\nstrategy by which families trade livelihoods, property and social networks for a\nchance at survival. Thus, proponents of the concept of prevention of forced\ndisplacement have to grapple with the conundrum of forced displacement being at the\nsame time, in the lingo of contemporary protection theory, a threat (which may or\nmay not have as its source an illegal act, and may or may not be illegal in itself, when\nactively sought by armed actors), and a coping mechanism.\n\n\nWe have seen above that the answer proposed to this problem by refugee doctrine is\nto focus on the prevention of root causes. This approach has two salutary effects.\nFirst, it recognizes that no matter the role displacement plays in a conflict and whether\nit is arbitrary or not, its consequences in humanitarian terms may well be equally\ncatastrophic for the affected populations: by focusing prevention upwards in the\ncausality chain, it seeks to pre-empt the humanitarian consequences of all types of\ndisplacement.\n\n\n29 It is striking to note that of these four categories, three of them had already been mentioned by\nSadruddin Aga Khan in his landmark 1981 report. The only novelty is the legal treatment of the right\nnot to be displaced and the prohibition of arbitrary displacement. See Sadruddin Aga Khan. 1981.\n\"Questions of the Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Any Part of the World,\nwith Particular Reference to Colonial and Other Dependent Countries and Territories, Study of Human\nRights and Massive Exoduses\". New York: United Nations Commission on Human Rights (U.N.\nDocument E/CN.4/1503)\n30 _The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons and the Role of UNHCR,_ Informal Consultative\nMeeting, UNHCR, Geneva, 27 February 2007.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "And second, this approach to prevention, at least in its latest incarnations, is carefully\ncrafted so as to preserve the possibility of affected populations to choose their coping\nmechanisms and among them flight, be it internally or across international borders [31] .\n\n\nIn contrast, IDP doctrine has focused its interpretation of the concept on the\nprevention of arbitrary displacement, focusing thereby, mostly on the basis of\nInternational Humanitarian Law, on the actors causing displacement and the legality\nof the act. This approach equally preserves the possibility of displacement as a coping\nmechanism, and has the additional advantage (absent from the refugee approach) of\nfocusing minds on the actual role displacement plays in armed conflict and the\nresponsibilities behind it, and therefore of opening the door to the right to reparations\nas an integral part of durable solutions strategies.\n\n\nHowever, this approach does not address the fact that even \u201clegal\u201d displacement may\nhave catastrophic humanitarian consequences. That this preoccupation is present at\nthe core of the concept of prevention is shown by the fact that contingency planning is\nincluded in most contemporary elaborations of the concept.\n\n\nBoth approaches, therefore, give only partial answers to the conundrum enunciated\nabove: in realization of this, they are often combined when elaborating the concept of\nprevention, to ensure that preventive strategies will both address displacement as a\ncrime, when necessary, and its root causes, to cover the consequences in humanitarian\nterms of all types of displacement. We will endeavour to show that, even in this case,\nthe concept in itself not only remains of little use, but can lead to significant problems\nin the quality and integrity of humanitarian strategies designed on its basis.\n\n\nThe specific activities looking to address the root causes of displacement, as included\nin the IDP policy documents cited above, rank from conflict prevention through\nmediation and dialogue, to more concrete measures to promote the respect of human\nrights and international humanitarian law in the midst of armed conflict, and prevent\nthe general occurrence of violations.\n\n\nWhereas questions may be raised as to the role and possible loss of neutrality of\nhumanitarian actors involved in conflict prevention, it is apparent that as we go up the\ncausality chain of forced displacement, the specificity to IDP policy of these activities\ngradually vanishes: they are as good to prevent forced displacement as they are to\nprevent any other humanitarian consequences of armed conflict. Their labelling as\n_prevention of root causes of forced displacement_ is thus fairly arbitrary, as there is\nnothing specific to displacement in them; conversely, the concept of _prevention of the_\n_root causes of forced displacement_ does not reveal any particular value, when\nunfolding and analyzing its content, for the design of these particular policies.\n\n\nLet us then assume that a humanitarian agency interested in preventing the causes of\nforced displacement goes down the causal chain and closer to the more immediate\ncauses of displacement, and sets out to design a preventive strategy based in\npreventing the occurrence of violations or abuses of human rights, and infractions of\ninternational humanitarian law, that are at the basis of forced displacement. The kind\n\n31 Although originating in refugee policy and practice, the concept of \u201cprevention of the root causes of\nforced displacement\u201d has found its way into some texts referring to IDP policy. Therefore, although\nthis article refers mostly to prevention in an IDP context, it will also address this particular version of\nthe prevention concept.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of activities that current IDP policy prescribe to achieve this objective include\npresence of humanitarian personnel in areas of high risk of displacement, and\nadvocacy with duty bearers including all parties to a conflict.\n\n\nAssuming that the agency is facing a conflict of relative low intensity, where these\nactivities are most likely to have some impact, affected populations will certainly\nretain some agency on whether to stay or to leave. In these cases, different\npopulations will have a certain capacity to define their threshold of tolerance to\nviolations of human rights and infractions of IHLs, above which displacement will\nmost certainly occur.\n\n\nThis threshold is partly defined by a rational calculation of risks to be faced by\nrespectively a decision to stay (reduced safety, psychological problems for children, a\npossibility of loss of life) and a decision to leave (loss of livelihoods, destruction of\nsocial connections, loss of property). As an instance, the cyclical character of violence\nin Mindanao (entailing a possibility of returning in the short term and recovering\nproperty), together with heightened psychological vulnerability to violence caused by\nyears of exposure, may partly explain the massive displacement of whole villages\ntriggered by acts of relatively low-level violence.\n\n\nCommunities of coca-growing settlers in the Colombian jungle may be the first to get\ndisplaced in upsurges of violence, particularly as compared to indigenous populations,\ngiven their availability of capital to restart elsewhere, and the fact that they may have\nkept social connections and even housing in their places of origin.\n\n\nAt the same time, political and cultural factors may come into play which are less\nsusceptible to be explained in terms of rational decisions. Indigenous peoples in\nGuatemala in the 80s, and in Colombia today, have developed a strong interpretation\nof the long-term objectives behind their displacement, as tied to political or economic\nmodels requiring their neutralization as autonomous social and political actors: the\nkeywords then are resistance to displacement, or returns even before the signature of\npeace agreements (the case of Guatemala in the 90s) or the issuance of guarantees that\nviolence will recede (as happens nowadays in Colombia).\n\n\nThe clear consequence of all this is that displacement may be in many cases a very\npoor indicator of the level of suffering or violations of rights of local populations.\nAffected populations may choose to stay because of lack of social and economic\nalternatives elsewhere, because they have developed some coping mechanisms, or\nbecause of deeply ingrained motivations related to their political project and their\nidentity. They may also be _forced_ to stay.\n\n\nIf we accept that the prevention of acts that lead to displacement is the main policy\nbasis of an agency engaging in protection in areas affected by armed conflict, then it\nis very likely that the designed intervention may end up considering areas less likely\nto produce displacement, but with a higher level of suffering and violations of rights,\nas a lesser priority. That is, the prioritization exercise linked to considering prevention\nas a good basis for protection policy may well lead to serious breaches of the principle\naccording to which aid and protection must be distributed according to need [32] .\n\n\n32 Interestingly enough, a different but not totally unconnected prioritization problem has also been\nidentified for prevention policies seeking to address the causes of refugee movements. In a 2002 paper\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Let us now focus on field-based preventive policies seeking to prevent unlawful\ndisplacement. The first difficulty with the concept of _prevention of unlawful_\n_displacement_ is its highly technical character. Assessing the lawfulness of forced\ndisplacement may require a proficiency in international humanitarian law that is out\nof reach of most of humanitarian actors outside the ICRC; at the same time, one must\nwonder whether this analysis is needed and at all possible, previous to the engagement\nof humanitarian agencies in the activities indicated above, when there is a risk of\nforced displacement.\n\n\nIn many situations of low-level conflict armed actors who seek a particular military\nadvantage in the displacement of civilians may pursue this objective by a series of\nacts of low-level violence, designed to disguise its relation to their ultimate objective\nand therefore to deflect attention from the press, humanitarian actors and agents\nmandated to ensure the security of civilians: these acts may include intimidation,\nthreats, progressive deprivation of means of subsistence, selective killings, etc.\n\n\nIn these cases, it seems fairly clear that humanitarian agencies seeking to devise fieldbased preventive strategies must focus as a basis for policy on the gravity of these acts\nas violations of accepted standards of international human rights and humanitarian\nlaw in themselves, and not on the ultimate intention of the armed actor concerned,\nwhich may be difficult if not impossible to establish with any legal accuracy, or at\nleast not in any timely manner so as to implement preventive strategies.\n\n\nThe prioritization problem mentioned above applies also in this case. It is perfectly\nimaginable to think of military operations within the parameters of IHL that are\nhowever at the root of the mass displacement of civilians, causing untold suffering,\nloss of livelihoods and social disruption, as compared to small-scale ethnic cleansing\nin another conflict.\n\n\nDoes it mean that humanitarian actors must prioritize the second scenario in their\npreventive activities, and shun prevention of legal violence that leads to great\nsuffering and perhaps loss of life? The correct strategy here, particularly when there\nis little clarity as to the legality of the act, and until this clarity appears, is to advocate\nfor the respect of IHL principles and restraint in the use of military force, in view of\nthe consequences it is unleashing.\n\n\nThe \u201cprioritization problem\u201d can also be studied from the viewpoint of the actors\ncausing displacement. It has long been recognized that the movement of particular\nsectors or the whole of the civilian population in a given place may represent a\n\n\notherwise seeking to encourage the European Union to more forcefully adopt these policies, Christina\nBoswell acknowledges that \u201c[t]he main potential area of conflict between migration prevention and\nother external relations goals concerns priority regions. A policy to prevent economic migration would\nbe likely to focus development efforts on the \"good performers\", while a displacement preventive\npolicy would tend to focus on (potential) crisis areas. In both cases, the regional focus would be on\ncountries with established economic, historical or linguistic ties to EU states, whose emigrants would\nbe most likely to choose the EU as a destination (i.e. enabling factors). While this regional focus would\nbe broader than that of the EU's current \"proximity\" policy, it would nonetheless not extend to all the\ncountries prioritized on strictly development-related criteria. More specifically, it would exclude some\nof the poorest countries whose inhabitants are unlikely to have the resources or contacts to travel to the\nEU.\u201d Boswell, Christina, _Addressing the causes of migratory and refugee movements: the role of the_\n_European Union_, New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper no. 73, UNHCR, December 2002,\np. 22.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "distinct military and political advantage for armed actors in a conflict. Now, forced\ndisplacement is one in many strategies by which military actors seek to use civilians\nfor military gain.\n\n\nAs an example, in internal conflicts without a significant ethnic or religious\nbackground, that is, without anything very closely linked to the identity of the\nindividual that may create a perception of support for a particular military actor, and\nwhen control of civilian populations is nevertheless key for territorial and political\ngains, a wide variety of means will be used to exact this control. In particular, sectors\nof the population perceived as an actual or potential threat will be subjected to a\nvariety of pressures to either neutralize them, or enlist support, or eliminate them\naccording to the resistance and the threat perceived.\n\n\nAs another example, in Afghanistan the insurgency has shown a detailed perception of\nthe kind of threat to their power that different categories of civilians would pose.\nWhile high-ranking Government officials and those working for particular ministries,\nsuch as Women Affairs, may directly be targeted for killing, the insurgents are content\nwith the expulsion of lower-ranking civil servants.\n\n\nIt is hardly thinkable that any humanitarian agency involved in protection in these\nareas (assuming this can be done at all), would develop a particular strategy to prevent\nthese expulsions, instead of a more integrated approach involving all human rights\nviolations and infractions of IHL, where prioritization would be made on the basis of\ngravity only [33] .\n\n\n**Communities at risk**\n\n\nWe have seen how a hypothetical exercise in applying the concept of prevention of\nforced displacement, no matter how we formulate it, may lead to grave errors in the\nformulation and implementation of protection activities. Now, the concept of\nprevention of forced displacement has also other ways to lead to policy\ninconsistencies. It is often the case that the development of a policy will lead or\nnecessitate a definition of the population group it intends to target, in order to more\naccurately reach this population or even for purposes of eligibility.\n\n\nThus, the concept of prevention of forced displacement has led to the definition of the\npopulation group that prevention policies are supposed to target, that is, _populations_\n_at risk of displacement_ . Notably, UNHCR defines the personal scope of UNHCR\u00b4s\nIDP protection activities as \u201cpopulations who are affected by internal displacement\nbut who are not necessarily displaced themselves\u201d, including \u201cpersons or communities\nat risk of displacement\u201d [34] . It also acknowledges that questions remain as to the nature\nand scope of protection responses and operational activities that this involvement\nwould entail.\n\n\nThe expression _risk_ has been used in a number of occasions during the last ten years\nin different attempts at conceptualize protection in the humanitarian sphere. There is\ncurrently no consensus on its exact meaning, as compared for instance with _protection_\n\n\n33 Research undertaken by the author in Afghanistan in 2008.\n34 UNHCR, _The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons_ \u2026, _op. cit_ .\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_gaps_, _threats_ and _violations of rights_ . Beyond this lack of definition, the category\n\u201cpopulations at risk of displacement\u201d hides a number of practical difficulties.\n\n\nAny intuitive definition of _risk_ and particularly when used in the context of\n_communities at risk of displacement_ would refer to a specific possibility of harm to\nlife, integrity or dignity of civilian populations in the immediate future. Thus, the\nconcept of _risk_, as by the way, the concept of prevention, points to the possibility of\nsomething that has not happened yet.\n\n\nIt is however very difficult to imagine a community which can be considered at risk of\ndisplacement where some kind of violations of rights or harm to civilians is not\nalready happening, among other reasons, because short of this there would probably\nbe no other meaningful indicators of risk. Thus, the very concept of _communities at_\n_risk_, by exclusively focusing on future events, contributes to obscure current\nviolations of rights and other abuses.\n\n\nIn addition to this, as we have seen above, different communities may place the\n\u201ctriggering threshold\u201d for displacement at different levels of suffering: as a matter of\ncourse, those having less to lose from displacement, because of having better coping\nmechanisms or simply less attachment to the land, will be displaced first, which is the\nsame as to say that, in many cases, they may well be at a higher risk of displacement\ngiven a comparatively lower level of suffering or human rights violations. Thus, the\nvery concept of \u201ccommunities at risk of displacement\u201d, if taken seriously, may easily\nlead of grave errors in the prioritization of communities for protection activities.\n\n\nA final difficulty inherent to the concept of \u201ccommunities at risk\u201d refers to the\ntimeliness and efficiency of protective interventions. By definition, the closer a\ncommunity is to its displacement threshold, the more at risk of displacement it will be:\nit is difficult not to conclude that these would be priority communities for intervention\nunder the concept of \u201ccommunities at risk\u201d. This presents a number of problems.\n\n\nFirst, by the time a community reaches \u201cpriority\u201d status, it may be too late for any\nmeaningful intervention. Second, common sense indicates that a community whose\ndisplacement represents a high military and political stake for an armed actor (for\ninstance, because of real or perceived support to an enemy guerrilla group, as was the\ncase in Guatemala, or is the case in Darfur), or in the vicinity of which restraint and\nrespect for the principle of proportionality are seen as too contrary to military\ninterests, are clearly at a higher risk of displacement.\n\n\nHowever, it is precisely in this kind of situations where it would be illusory to think\nthat protective activities by the humanitarian community may have any effect in\nstopping or restraining armed actors from displacing civilians, or from undertaking\nmilitary activities that could incidentally lead to displacement. In these cases, while\nhumanitarian protection agencies may want to continue advocacy as a matter of\nprinciple and consistency and as a longer term strategy, from the viewpoint of\noperational protection priority must be in preparedness, contingency planning, and\neven in some cases in the evacuation of endangered populations.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The IDP prism of protection policies**\n\n\nWe have tried to analyse above the internal problems and inconsistencies that are\ninherent to the concept of _prevention of forced displacement_ . Some of them, as we\nhave tried to show, contain an enormous do-harm potential for humanitarian agencies\nwhen designing protection strategies and priorities for civilians in conflict-affected\nareas. It is perhaps surprising that, while continuing to be a staple of practically any\ngeneral policy developments or guidance documents in the IDP sphere, the concept of\nprevention is subject to comparatively little practical use at field level.\u201f\n\n\nOne might then legitimately ask about the usefulness of a theoretical exercise in\nanalyzing and ultimately deconstructing the concept. The answer lies partially in the\nfact that the very survival of the concept points to a number of deep-seated distortions\nin the design of humanitarian policies for IDPs, which are in dire need of discussion\nand ultimately correction. From a more practical viewpoint, there remains an acute\nneed to delimitate more precisely the respective material and personal scopes of the\nconcepts of IDP protection and general protection in areas affected by armed conflict,\nif nothing else for the sake of the quality of programme design.\n\n\nThe first of the distortions that we endeavour to summarily analyze here is the\nsubsistence of an \u201cIDP prism\u201d in the design of general protection policies. It is well\nknown that the absence of a clear institutional setting at the international level for the\nprotection and assistance of internally displaced persons was one of the main factors\nbehind attempts at streamlining the international humanitarian system in the 90s and\nultimately the launching of the Humanitarian Review and the Humanitarian Reform\nProcess in 2005.\n\n\nSeveral observers and humanitarian actors have noted that, particularly in the first two\nor three years of the implementation of the cluster system, this resulted on an\nexcessive focus on IDPs in the policy development undertaken by the Clusters at\nglobal level, particularly by the UNHCR-led Global Protection Cluster [35] . While this\nhas been substantially corrected, I argue in this article that this effect has distorted\nhumanitarian strategies and priorities in ways that are subtler than just prioritizing one\npopulation segment, in this case IDPs, over others. Let us take as examples\nhumanitarian operations with a strong focus on forced displacement, such as\nColombia and Afghanistan. While humanitarian actors did pay attention to local\ncommunities affected by armed conflict, in doing so they used categories such as\n\u201cinternally stranded persons\u201d [36], \u201ccomunidades sitiadas\u201d (communities under siege),\nand \u201ccomunidades bloqueadas\u201d (blocked communities) [37] .\n\n\n35 The Humanitarian Policy Group, in its report no. 26, has noted that \u201cthe humanitarian reform process\nhas resulted in the prioritization of IDPs at the expense of a more comprehensive approach which\naddresses the needs of the entire population\u201d. See Humanitarian Policy Group _, Protective action:_\n_Incorporating civilian protection into humanitarian response_, report no. 26, p. 13, available at\nhttp://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1020.pdf [accessed 7 September 2009].\nAt the same time, in the first years of existence of the Global Protection Cluster various participating\nagencies made in repeated occasions similar observations to UNHCR as Global Cluster Lead.\n36 In an unpublished document of 2002, Peter Marsden quotes UN sources in saying that in 2001 there\nwere 4,150,000 \u201cinternally stranded persons\u201d in Afghanistan.\n37 These expressions, as observed by the author, were widely used by both local NGOs and\ninternational humanitarian actors in Colombia at the beginning of the 2000s.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This effort at categorization obviously resulted, in part at least, from a realization of\nthe limitations of the concept of \u201ccommunities at risk\u201d that IDP policy seemed to offer\nto brand local populations affected by armed conflict, as we have tried to explain\nabove, and from a honest effort to show that armed conflict was affecting local\npopulations in forms other than internal displacement. Its use may also have partially\narisen from emulation at the wide \u201cbranding\u201d success of the category \u201cinternally\ndisplaced persons\u201d.\n\n\nHowever, and perhaps with the exception of \u201ccommunities under siege\u201d it is not too\ndifficult to perceive that _mobility_ is still the concept behind these categories. In\nparticular in Colombia, in the context of particular situations where restricting\nfreedom of movement of rural communities was militarily more advantageous to\nsome armed actors than forcibly displacing them, the concept of \u201cblocked\ncommunities\u201d was instrumental to various humanitarian actors in contesting the\nGovernment\u201fs arguments that dwindling IDP figures were an indicator of\nimprovement in humanitarian conditions. Thus, the concept of \u201cblocked\ncommunities\u201d was certainly used in contraposition to \u201cinternally displaced persons\u201d,\nbut this only shows its conceptual dependence to the IDP concept.\n\n\nThere is yet another way to look at the distortion in protection concepts created by the\nway _internal displacement_, as a special category of concern in humanitarian policy,\nhas been used. In an article contesting the inclusion of refugees into the broader\ncategory of _forced migration,_ Hathaway has noted the risks in de-humanizing\nhumanitarian policies that arise when categories at the basis of them migrate from\nthose defining _population_ _groups_ (in this case, the internally displaced) to those\ndefining _phenomena_ (internal displacement): while persons have rights that need to be\nfulfilled and their own ideas and feelings about how to solve their problems,\nphenomena demand just to be understood, studied and properly managed [38] .\n\n\nStudying internal displacement as a phenomenon, and trying to conceptualize it,\nalready far away from the complexities and infinite nuances of the situation of\ninternally displaced persons themselves, leads to understanding displacement as a\ncycle with a _before displacement_, _during displacement_ and _the end of displacement_,\nthat has long served as a blueprint to structure thinking and policy development in the\nIDP field.\n\n\nThe concept of _forced displacement_ and the cycle with which it is structured (that is,\nbefore, during and after displacement) are applied back to affected populations to\ndivide them up in categories: the result of this experiment for the category _before_\n_displacement_, is obviously the corresponding category _populations at risk of_\n_displacement_ . We have seen above the extent of the inconsistencies that arise when\nthis category is used to develop protection policies.\n\n\nWe see now that this is the result of applying a large and abstractly defined \u201cIDP\nprism\u201d to the whole of the populations directly affected by armed conflict, instead of\nrelying on a much more empirical assessment of the violations of rights and protection\nneeds arising in this environment. This somewhat abstract approach may well be at\n\n\n38 Hathaway, James C., _Forced Migration Studies: Could We Agree Just to \u201cDate\u201d?_, Journal of\nRefugee Studies, Vol. 20 No. 3, Oxford, 2007 pp. 349-369.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the core of UNHCR\u00b4s difficulties to define the personal scope of its involvement with\nIDPs.\n\n\nIn a key policy paper, UNHCR states that \u201caffected populations, the definition of\nwhich includes persons or communities \u201eat risk of displacement\u201f, fall squarely within\nthe coordination responsibilities it has assumed under that cluster\u201d. The same\ndocument acknowledges that\n\n\n[\u2026] questions and indeed concerns have arisen over this category and the\nnature and scope of the protection responses and operational activities it\nentails. The built-in system of consultations alluded to earlier should\nresult in the identification of the appropriate protection-mandated agency,\nparticularly in the light of the respective of the OHCRC and the\nInternational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Finally, the consent of\nthe State concerned will also have to be given. [39]\n\n\nLet us look back at the problem of the boundaries of the concept of internal\ndisplacement. Where do we draw the lines will determine the conceptual basis from\nwhich policy will be designed. Let us take the problem of refugee repatriation and\nreintegration: once refugees have returned to their country of origin, when do we\ncease to consider them as returnees, beneficiaries of durable solutions programmes\nand strategies, to consider them as beneficiaries of general development and\nreconstruction policies? It is interesting to see that, for refugees, this problem poses\nitself only at the end of the displacement cycle, and not at the beginning: the borders\nof States act as clear geographical but also legal and conceptual boundaries for the\n_refugee_ concept.\n\n\nContrary to refugees, and for purposes of policy design, the internal displacement\ncycle has had vaguely defined vanishing points both at the end and at the beginning of\nthe cycle. We have tried to show that, when choosing the right conceptual basis for\npolicy and programme design (that is, protective strategies for populations affected by\narmed conflict), the vagueness at the beginning of the cycle disappears.\n\n\n39 Besides the inconsistencies inherent with the concept of _communities at risk_, that we have explored\nearlier, the concept of \u201caffected populations\u201d, that is, persons \u201cwho are affected by internal\ndisplacement but are not displaced themselves\u201d gives rise to additional difficulties. According to the\nsame document,\n\u201c[\u2026] the protection cluster foresees engagement with three specific categories of \u201cnon-displaced\u201d\npersons termed as \u201caffected populations\u201d. These are communities hosting IDPs; those to which IDPs\nhave returned; and others \u201cat risk of displacement\u201d.\nWhile there are many elements that are common to communities hosting IDPs and communities to\nwhich IDPs have returned (based on the fact that both risk having their own resources and coping\nmechanisms severely restrained by having to host and, presumably, assist the direct victims of a\nparticular event that has not affected them directly), the same is not true for \u201ccommunities at risk of\ndisplacement\u201d. This has proved already to be a source for confusion in discussing policy and response\nmechanisms. In addition, it is perhaps not entirely ethical to found a category of persons (here,\n\u201caffected populations\u201d) solely on its usefulness to address coordination and scoping problems in the\ninternational humanitarian system. As underlined above, categories ought only to be instrumental in\ndelimiting population groups affected by protection problems of such particularity and seriousness as to\nmerit targeted intervention: as such, categories ought to be only instruments for the design of adequate\nand efficient humanitarian policies. See UNHCR, _The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons\u2026 op._\n_cit._\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusion**\n\n\nAt this point, we must ask ourselves whether the conclusion of this argument is that\nthe activities generally listed under _prevention of forced displacement_ are not valid for\nprotection programming. The answer is, of course, that they remain fully valid.\n\n\nContributing to peaceful conflict resolution; advocating for the incorporation of IHL\ninto national law, including the prohibition of arbitrary displacement, and for the\nrespect of human rights and humanitarian law principles; early warning and\ncontingency planning; and proximity-based protective strategies, such as protectionby-presence, all belong to the toolbox from which, according to the particular\nsituation, humanitarian agencies may draw for their protective strategies in armed\nconflict.\n\n\nIt is just that, perhaps with the partial exception of contingency planning (which, in\nprinciple, is a key part to IDP strategies in armed conflict) they do not address\ndisplacement-specific issues and therefore do not belong to IDP policy. They must\nsimply be an integral part of policies and programmes generally designed to prevent,\nmitigate and redress the effects of armed conflict on civilian populations, where\ndesign and prioritization cannot rest solely on their potential to address the root causes\nof displacement, or to prevent arbitrary displacement, but more generally on the\ngravity of the abuses addressed and the needs generated by them.\n\n\nAs we have seen, labelling these activities as _prevention_ _of forced displacement_ and\nsituating them as part of IDP strategies may in many cases result (even if the\nsomewhat absurd errors foreseen above are avoided) in being neglected in favour of\nactivities focused on mitigating the consequences of displacement, such as assistance\nand protection delivered in IDP camps or in non-conflict affected urban settings\nwhere IDPs settle [40] .\n\n\nA second relevant consideration here refers to whether there may be IDP-specific\nelements that are necessary for the good design of protective programming in areas\nfrom which persons are getting displaced. We propose here three possibilities.\n\n\nA good analysis of the immediate causes of displacement, and particularly whether it\nis a side-effect of armed conflict or there is a \u201cwill to displace\u201d, is both part of a\ngeneral analysis of how populations are affected by conflict, and of contingency\nplanning for response to IDP crises. It will also be a key element of analysis of\npossible protection problems upon return, and will therefore guide the \u201crules of\nengagement\u201d of humanitarian actors in this activity.\n\n\nSecond, a number of protective activities in areas affected by armed conflict might\ncontribute to preventively reduce the threats caused by displacement. In some\n\n40 Protection clusters at field level have generally strived not to become an IDP-specific coordination\nbody. However, humanitarian agencies \u2013 and rightly so \u2013 continue to advocate for the adoption of IDPspecific focal points or coordination structures for national authorities, for which it remains then an\nopen question whether they will integrate prevention as part of their portfolio of responsibilities,\nopening then the door to all the distortions mentioned above. Some of these distortions may become\nalmost comical, if not entirely innocent: in 2004, some departmental authorities in Colombia listed all\nhousing projects in conflict-affected areas under the chapter of _prevention of displacement_, thereby\ninflating the displacement budget they reported and shielding themselves from criticism from\ninternational agencies.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "particular cases, particularly when a relative low level of conflict is combined with a\nhigh level of grassroots organization, assistance can be given to communities to\nprepare their own contingency plans, including training on relevant national and\ninternational legal and policy references to internal displacement to enhance their\ncapacity to advocate with national authorities and other duty bearers.\n\n\nAnd third, activities linked to the protection of returned IDPs, particularly when\nconflict is ongoing, will in most cases have very little difference with general\nprotective strategies in the theatre of confrontations. This is particularly valid in\nsituations where displacement and returns follow a cyclical pattern with no particular\nprospect of durable solutions, such as is the case in Mindanao in the Philippines.\n\n\nIn these cases, for instance, a good analysis of the causes of displacement and the role\nit plays in the conflict will be as necessary to contingency planning and foreseeing\nprotection problems upon displacement, as it will be to analyze the possibilities for\nreturn and the protection problems that returnees might experience in their places of\norigin.\n\n\nConsidering activities linked to return as somehow a separate case, this reduces the\nscope of displacement-specific activities in areas of expulsion to one main concept:\nreducing the vulnerability of affected populations to the harm that eventual\ndisplacement is likely to cause [41] . At this point of the reasoning, whether or not we\nchoose to call this prevention is just a matter of semantics. In a certain way, what we\nare proposing for areas of expulsion is simply to mainstream displacement-specific\nissues into general protective strategies, instead of introducing a preventive \u201cchapter\u201d\non IDP strategies.\n\n\nSome other more general conclusions may also preliminarily be drawn from our\nsuccinct study of the concept of prevention of forced displacement. For much of the\nexisting literature on forced displacement that has been produced in the last 15 years,\nthere remains a need to further explore the very complex equation between armed\nconflict and forced displacement, taking also into the picture wider factors such as\npre-existing migration patterns as survival strategies that might be exacerbated or\ninterrupted by conflict, and the economic and social effects of forced displacement\nand their relationship to war ends.\n\n\nAt the same time, while the _forced_ character of some displacement movements needs\nstill to be recognized for purposes of underlining the elements of coercion and\ntherefore designing responsibilities and preserving the right to compensations, this has\nsometimes obscured the fact that affected populations retain in many cases some\nagency on whether or not to resort to displacement as a survival strategy. While the\n\n\n41 In some very specific circumstances, an analysis of the causes of displacement might lead to ideas\non how to reduce the interest of armed actors in forced displacement through protection programming;\nthat is, how to reduce the _threat_ of displacement (as an additional objective to reducing the\n_vulnerability_ to displacement). As an example, in cases where land grabs or the reversal of agricultural\nreform is at the origin of the expulsion of local population, issuing land titles to peasants or suspending\nthe sale of agricultural land might create a disincentive to expulsions. However, the situations where a\nreal disincentive can be created will be exceptional, and because of the very obstacle that they pose to\nmilitary objectives such programmes may create additional risks for beneficiaries and humanitarian\npractitioners alone. At the same time, as we have shown above, these hypothetical programmes would\nneed to be referenced above all on their ability to uphold rights of local populations, and not on their\npotential to reduce displacement.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "constraints and risks linked to this are obvious, protection practitioners need to further\nexplore and develop participatory techniques to assess risks and understand coping\nstrategies of affected populations in the midst of armed conflict.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e926c7d5-24d5-30f2-a7a2-8b4e0592e7fa/746B5A82E26A3DB3852576FD0055AFCD-unhcr_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_202/raw/doc_202_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_202/raw/doc_202_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a777bb0e1534ae1d09a7951d256d10166b7840a2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_202/raw/doc_202_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2,855** demandeuurs d\u2019asile\n\ndont 1,753 au Nord et 1,102\ndans la Boucle de Mouhoun\n\n\n**74,000** d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\n\ndont 65,000 au Nord 9,000\ndans la Boucle de Mouhoun\n\n\n**60** civils tu\u00e9s dans des\n\ncontre des villages dont\n49 au Nord et 11 dans la\nBoucle de Mouhoun\n\n\n**109** Personnes \u00e0 besoins\n\nsp\u00e9cifiques soutenues en\nCASH dans les 2 r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**40** membres de comit\u00e9s\n\nde protection form\u00e9s la\nprotection et le r\u00f4le des\n\nmonitoring\n\n\nhumanitaire\n\n\n\nLe mois de mars 2020 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019accentuation des attaques\ndes Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s (G.A.N.I). 29 alertes sms portant\nsur des incidents de protection et/ou de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relay\u00e9s par les\n\u00e9quipes de monitoring bas\u00e9es au niveau des deux r\u00e9gions. Selon les\nleaders communautaires rencontr\u00e9s, la province du Loroum/r\u00e9gion du\nNord est comme un passage par lequel entrent et ressortent des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s et o\u00f9 les populations civiles sont expos\u00e9es\n\u00e0 tous les types de violations de droits humains. L\u2019une des contraintes\nmajeures \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s de monitoring constitue\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s aux zones d\u2019intervention, du principalement \u00e0 la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et la\nvolatilit\u00e9 du contexte s\u00e9curitaire marqu\u00e9 par une forte pr\u00e9sence de\nG.A.N.I. Ce constat est encore plus perceptible dans les communes\nde Bahn, de Soll\u00e9 et de Ouindigui, ou les PDIs qui repartent souvent\npour chercher des vivres dans leurs localit\u00e9s de d\u00e9part sont agress\u00e9es\nou tu\u00e9es. En d\u00e9pit des actions de l\u2019arm\u00e9e et celles des groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense, les populations au sein de leurs villages ou sur les axes\nroutiers sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement violent\u00e9es physiquement, tu\u00e9es ou voient\nleurs biens incendi\u00e9s/d\u00e9truits. Juste apr\u00e8s une attaque, la promptitude\nde la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire est le plus souvent entrav\u00e9e par les risques\nli\u00e9s aux IED. Le vol de b\u00e9tail est ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne tr\u00e8s r\u00e9current. L\u2019atteinte\n\u00e0 la vie de 43 personnes issues de la communaut\u00e9 peuhle dans la\ncommune de Barga (r\u00e9gion du Nord/province du Yatenga) le 8 mars\n2020 reste encore grav\u00e9e dans l\u2019esprit de tous. Au cours de cet incident, on a not\u00e9 \u00e9galement 7 cas de bless\u00e9s graves et des maisons\nincendi\u00e9es.\n\n\n**\u25a0 R\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun**\nDans la Boucle de Mouhoun, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux zones d\u2019intervention constitue l\u2019obstacle majeur pour les humanitaires, particuli\u00e8rement dans\nles communes de Kombori, de Barani et de Sono dans la province du\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "caus\u00e9 la mort de 07 personnes, des maisons incendi\u00e9es et des mouvements massifs de population \u00e0 Djibasso. Par ailleurs, la r\u00e9gion est durement frapp\u00e9e par la fermeture des \u00e9coles suite \u00e0 des menaces dont sont\nvictimes les enseignants. 75 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es, et ce bien avant les mesures dues au COVID-19. Le vendredi 13 Mars 2020, l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire de Dian a \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9 par des G.A.N.I venus sur des motos. Les\nservices sociaux de base tels que les CSPS, les structures communales et \u00e9tatiques telles que les mairies\nou les pr\u00e9fectures ne sont fonctionnelles que dans les centres/villes urbains \u2013 mais pas d\u00e8s que l\u2019on en sort.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s, les groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense, les Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s et les populations civiles. Outre les attaques des postes fixes de FDS, au cours du mois de mars, il y a une tendance aux\nincidents caus\u00e9s par des Engins Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s (IED). Le 3 mars 2020, un cargo militaire est tomb\u00e9 sur\nun IED \u00e0 4 km de Bahn, faisant 3 morts. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de secours d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9e de Ouahigouya \u00e0 bord d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule\nest \u00e9galement tomb\u00e9e sur une autre mine, occasionnant \u00e0 nouveau un autre mort.\nAu 31 mars, l\u2019administration publique s\u2019est retranch\u00e9e dans les grands centres urbains de la r\u00e9gion du Nord\net de la Boucle du Mouhoun. Quelques positions de l\u2019arm\u00e9e sont pr\u00e9sentes \u00e0 Soll\u00e9, Bahn et Thiou pour ce\nqui est des communes frontali\u00e8res avec le Mali. Au niveau de la commune de Ouindigui, il y a une faible\npr\u00e9sence de force publique, ce qui a donn\u00e9 place aux \u00ab volontaires pour la d\u00e9fense de la patrie \u00bb et autres\ngroupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense comme les Kogleweogo, qui sont d\u00e9sormais sur le terrain. Le 18 mars 2020, 05\nmembres des Kogleweogo auraient perdu la vie suite \u00e0 un affrontement les opposant \u00e0 des Groupes Arm\u00e9s\nNon Identifi\u00e9s.\nDans la Boucle du Mouhoun, le 02 mars 2020 \u00e0 Kombori, des GANI venus du Mali y ont fait irruption, r\u00e9duisant toute la ville en cendres. Le bilan a fait \u00e9tat d\u2019une perte en vie humaine (le repr\u00e9sentant des jeunes) et\nde cinq (5) bless\u00e9s ainsi que des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels causant ainsi le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de plus de 15 000\npersonnes qui se retrouvent sans abri.\nINTERSOS n\u2019a pas pu faire le monitoring de pr\u00e9sence dans les communes \u00e0 forts risques comme Soll\u00e9,\nBahn et Ouindigui dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord et \u00e0 Toeni, Gomboro, Sono, Kombori et Barani dans la r\u00e9gion de\nla Boucle du Mouhoun. Les relais communautaires ont permis de rapporter les incidents de protection. Les\nmoniteurs des communes ci-dessus cit\u00e9es se sont repli\u00e9s dans les Chefs-lieux de leur province.\n\n\n###### **INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION DANS LES ZONES SOUS COUVERTURE**\n\nTableau des incidents de protection et leurs cons\u00e9quences\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s sont durement\naffect\u00e9es par ces incidents en termes de\nperte en vies humaines, pertes mat\u00e9rielles, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de\nbase et l\u2019exacerbation d\u2019une tension\nsociale. Des actions urgentes doivent\n\u00eatre pos\u00e9es pour assister les victimes et\npour pr\u00e9venir que la situation se d\u00e9t\u00e9riore davantage.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Tableau|Col2|des incidents de protectoi|n|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Localit\u00e9
|Nb
incidents


|Type d\u2019incident
|Cons\u00e9quences
|\n|Nord/Yatenga/Barga|1


|Ateinte \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9


de
la
communaut\u00e9 peuhle|43 morts, 7 blesses grave et 6.000
PDIs,
une
cinquantaine
de
concessions incendi\u00e9es|\n|Nord/Loroum/Ouindigui
|2




|D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de
populaton,
Intmidatons
|355 PDI avec des besoins en abri en
vivre, en HEA
|\n|Nord/Loroum/Banh/
Dagomba|1
|Ateinte \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|10 greniers incendi\u00e9s r\u00e9duisant 60
m\u00e9nages en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire|\n|
Nord/Loroum/Ouindigui/Hit
\u00e9
|1



|Enl\u00e8vement
suivi
d\u2019assassinat
|
1 personnes tu\u00e9es, 3 personnes
lib\u00e9r\u00e9es. Restricton de mouvement
pour les membres de la populaton
|\n|Nord/Loroum/Ouahigouya/B
issighin
|1


|Sabotage de bien public


|1 groupe \u00e9lectrog\u00e8ne de l\u2019ONEA
incendi\u00e9es r\u00e9duisant l\u2019acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau
pour 150 m\u00e9nages
|\n|Nord/Loroum/Banh/
Dagomba
|2




|Explosion
sur
des
mines/Engin
Explosif
Improvis\u00e9s


|5 militaires morts, restricton de
mouvement pour les humanitaires
et les populatons par peur de
tomber sur une mine
|\n|BMH/Kossi/Bouni
|2




|Ataque
de
village,
Menaces
et
intmidatons

|750 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers la
ville
de
D\u00e9dougou,
Nabarani,
Zonkuy, Lemini.
|\n|BMH/Kossi/Bouni
|1



|Enl\u00e8vement
suivi
d\u2019assassinat
|1 personne tu\u00e9e, 3 personnes
lib\u00e9r\u00e9es. Restricton de mouvement
pour les membres de la populaton
|\n|BMH/Kossi/Kombori
|1



|Ataque d\u2019un village,
incendie des maisons

|1 personne tu\u00e9e, environ 15 000
personnes
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,
une
trentaine de maisons incendi\u00e9es
|\n|BMH/Kossi/Djibasso
|1




|A\ufb00rontement
inter
communautaire (Peulh
et Dosso/Dogon
|7 personnes tu\u00e9es, exacerbaton de
tensions
intercommunautaire,
risque de repr\u00e9sailles
|\n|BMH/Kossi/Dian
|1


|Incendie d\u2019\u00e9cole
|1 \u00e9cole ferm\u00e9e, 244 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ayant
pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole
|\n|BMH/Sourou/Kiembara
|1

|Ataque de la Caisse
populaire|2 Personnes tu\u00e9es.|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **CERTAINS GROUPES A RISQUE**\n\nLes probl\u00e8mes sp\u00e9cifiques de protection rencontr\u00e9s\ndans la r\u00e9gion du Nord et dans la Boucle du Mouhoun concernent les femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nages\ndont les maris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s lors d\u2019attaques, les\norphelins, les enfants en situation de handicap, les\nenfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es malades. Il\ny a aussi les victimes de Restes Explosifs de Guerre\nou d\u2019Engin Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s, le cas de jeunes\nfilles enceintes ou allaitantes sans soutien familial.\n\n\nT\u00e9moignage d\u2019une PBS assist\u00e9e par Intersos en partenariat avec le\nHCR :\n_\u00ab Je viens de Dinguila Peulh. Ce matin du 08 Mars 2020, je ne_\n_peux m\u2019emp\u00eacher de couler les larmes face \u00e0 l\u2019atrocit\u00e9 de ce que_\n_j\u2019ai v\u00e9cu ce jour. Je m\u2019affairais \u00e0 mes t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, je n'ai su_\n_\u00e0 quel moment des individus ont fait irruption dans notre conces-_\n_sion, ils s'en sont pris \u00e0 mon mari._\n_Un jour noir reste \u00e0 jamais dans mon esprit, je ne sais comment ni_\n_pourquoi ces gens se sont pris \u00e0 ma famille, n'ayant pas assez de_\n_force pour marcher, une jeune veuve que j'ai rencontr\u00e9e m'a port\u00e9e_\n_sur une charrette. Et nous avons ralli\u00e9 Ouahigouya sur la route de_\n_Youba le 08 Mars dans la soir\u00e9e. A notre arriv\u00e9e, assoiff\u00e9es,_\n_affam\u00e9es nous sommes rest\u00e9es devant la grande mosqu\u00e9e du_\n_secteur 6 avant d\u2019\u00eatre conduit deux jours plus tard par les autorit\u00e9s_\n_communales Barga sur le site route de Youba. L\u00e0, nous avons re\u00e7u_\n_la visite des Moniteurs d\u2019INTERSOS qui nous ont \u00e9cout\u00e9 puis_\n_assist\u00e9 en cash. Avec l'aide de leurs partenaires, nous avons re\u00e7u_\n_une assistance en abris et en article m\u00e9nager essentiels. Au-del\u00e0_\n_de la somme de 30000f, cette oreille attentive nous a permis de_\n_nous lib\u00e9rer un tant soit peu de notre douleur. Je ne peux_\n_m\u2019emp\u00eacher de leur prodiguer des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions. Puisse Dieu leur_\n_donner toujours la force de poursuivre les soutiens des populations_\n_dans le besoin. \u00bb_\n\n\nAge du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire : 70 ans Il y a eu \u00e9galement des jeunes filles adolesProfession : Aucune\n\ncentes pour la plupart m\u00e8res b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du\n\nVuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 : Femme \u00e2g\u00e9e ayant perdu son mari lors de\n\ncash car jug\u00e9es plus expos\u00e9es aux risques de\n\nl\u2019attaque du 8 Mars\n\nviolence/abus sexuels. La sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de la\n\nDate et lieu de l\u2019entretien : 18 mars 2020, Route de Youba\n\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es est d\u2019ordre\nsanitaire.La plupart d\u2019entre elles ont vu leur\n\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 se d\u00e9grader durant le d\u00e9placement.\nLeur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 est due \u00e9galement au fait que leurs fils ou petits fils, qui assuraient auparavant leur prise en\ncharge, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s lors des attaques. Il y a aussi parmi les PBS, des gar\u00e7ons sans occupation, ne partant\npas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, et expos\u00e9s aux risques d\u2019enr\u00f4lement dans les rangs des GANI\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En effet, ces conditions exposent beaucoup les femmes aux violences sexuelles. Si certaines manquent\nd\u2019abris et dorment \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile, d\u2019autres vivent dans des abris de fortunes d\u00e9pourvus de toilettes et de\nlatrines. Cela s\u2019observe aussi bien dans les quartiers p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques des chefs-lieux de communes, que sur\nles sites d\u2019accueil des PDI sur la \u2018\u2019route de Youba\u2019\u2019. Pourtant, l\u2019un des moyens s\u00fbrs de pr\u00e9vention des\nviolences sexuelles, c\u2019est la pr\u00e9servation et la cr\u00e9ation de conditions garantissant aux femmes leur intimit\u00e9.\n\u00ab L\u2019homme est sensible \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il voit \u00bb nous a partag\u00e9 en rigolant un leader communautaire lors des\n\u00e9changes sur la question, pour dire \u00e0 quel point les femmes sont expos\u00e9es.\nAussi, nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9s par des sources locales de certains sites que des femmes PDIs seraient\ndans la pratique du sexe pour la survie dans la plus grande discr\u00e9tion. A la suite de cette information qui reste\n\u00e0 v\u00e9rifier, les \u00e9quipes de monitoring ont toutefois entrepris de renforcer la th\u00e9matique VBG \u00e0 travers notamment les points focaux communautaires (y compris les repr\u00e9sentantes des femmes) .\nUn cas de viol a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 dans la commune de S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga dans la province du Yatenga.\nCependant, une approche individualis\u00e9e du cas permettra de mieux le d\u00e9crire et le documenter.\nIl n\u2019y a pas de m\u00e9canisme officiel voire un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement officiel entre les acteurs humanitaires\npour ce qui concerne le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas de VBG. Toutefois, avec l\u2019ONG DRC, Intersos a travaill\u00e9 en\n\nes (16 femmes de 16 \u00e0 37 ans), un appui en cash leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 soit pour initier des AGR, soit pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s tout simplement aux services sociaux de base.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **V. LOGEMENT, TERRE ET BIENS**\n###### **SITUATION DE LTB DANS LA ZONE DE DEPLACEMENT ET DE RETOUR**\n\nLes difficult\u00e9s de coexistence pacifique se font sentir autour des points d\u2019eau et se traduisent par un\nmanque de confiance entre autochtones et PDI. L\u2019insuffisance de terres cultivables risque d\u2019engendrer\nd\u2019autres conflits quand l\u2019hivernage va s\u2019installer, car la majeure partie des PDI n'ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre\npour l\u2019agriculture dans les zones d'accueil.\nQuant \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s aux logements, dans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, les PDI vivent soit dans des\nfamilles d'accueil soit dans des maisons en location ou encore dans des maisons d\u2019emprunt en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie.\nDe fa\u00e7on globale, on remarque dans les deux r\u00e9gions une inflation des prix des loyers ces derniers temps\n: ainsi donc les PDIs ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 pouvoir couvrir les co\u00fbts de loyer (pour celles qui sont dans cette\nsituation), du fait d\u2019un manque de moyens financiers.\nPour ce qui est de la r\u00e9gion du Nord, les disparit\u00e9s dans l\u2019accueil des PDI cr\u00e9ent un sentiment de frustration chez certaines PDI. En effet, pendant que les premi\u00e8res PDI install\u00e9es sur \u2018\u2019Route de Youba\u2019\u2019 ont eu\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un ressortissant du village de Youba qui a acquis le terrain et install\u00e9 un forage\npour elles, les nouvelles PDI arriv\u00e9es suite \u00e0 l\u2019attaque de Barga ont quant \u00e0 elles b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019accueil des\nautorit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et m\u00eame des acteurs humanitaires qui ont pu n\u00e9gocier des espaces avec les\npropri\u00e9taires terriens pour les abriter et les accompagner avec des infrastructures d\u2019eau, de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019assainissement. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019assistance en abris du HCR et aux tentes de transit de MSF, les PDI venues de\nBarga ont trouv\u00e9 un endroit o\u00f9 s\u2019installer. Les besoins en abris restent encore \u00e0 couvrir.\nLa gestion du b\u00e9tail sur les sites d\u2019accueil constitue aussi un autre d\u00e9fi. Pour exemple, avec pr\u00e8s de 2000\nmoutons, 1500 ch\u00e8vres, 500 b\u0153ufs et 50 \u00e2nes, les PDI de Barga sont pr\u00e9occup\u00e9es par l\u2019insuffisance des\nressources en eau et de l\u2019absence d\u2019espace pour p\u00e2turage. Certaines PDI auraient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 brader\nleurs animaux car disent-ils : \u00ab De deux maux, il faut choisir le moindre ! \u00bb. Ce qui aura un impact certain\nsur leurs moyens de subsistance a moyen et long terme.\nAu niveau de la Boucle du Mouhoun, le mode d\u2019achat des terres par les PDI n\u2019est pas couvert par des\nactes authentiques (louer les terres moyennant un consentement verbal) alors que pour une superficie de\n100m2 le prix est de 500 000 FCFA. En sus, certaines familles de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vivent en location dont le\nco\u00fbt mensuel varie entre 5 000 FCFA et 9 000 FCFA.\n\n###### **ETAT DE DROIT**\n\nSur les principaux axes de sorties de la ville de Ouahigouya et de D\u00e9dougou, les FDS assurent le contr\u00f4le\nde routine lors des entr\u00e9es et de sorties. Pour ce qui est des postes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au niveau des chefs-lieux\nde communes, beaucoup demeurent vacants (Ouindigui, Koumbri, Kain/R\u00e9gion du Nord). Les autorit\u00e9s\nmunicipales qui r\u00e9sident dans les chefs-lieux de r\u00e9gion font l\u2019effort de d\u00e9livrer les actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil \u00e0\ntravers des audiences foraines appuy\u00e9es par l\u2019Association \u00ab Taabital Lobal \u00bb et l\u2019ONG Educo au niveau\nde la r\u00e9gion du Nord.\nINTERSOS a relev\u00e9 au cours de l\u2019appui aux PBS que des enfants et certaines personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ne disposent pas de documents. Un plaidoyer a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s concern\u00e9es pour leur faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s a l\u2019acte de naissance et de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 Burkinab\u00e8. On craint que la mesure de suspension des\nop\u00e9rations d\u2019enregistrement de CNIB ne vienne compromettre de telles recommandations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VI. PROTECTION A BASE COMMUNAUTAIRE**\n###### **COMITES DE PROTECTION**\n\nDans la r\u00e9gion du Nord, 40 membres des dix comit\u00e9s de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur leurs r\u00f4les et\nresponsabilit\u00e9s, avec pour objectifs de contribuer \u00e0 la veille citoyenne par des alertes sur les diff\u00e9rents\nincidents (s\u00e9curitaires, protection et violations des droits humains) et aussi de participer \u00e0 la mobilisation\nsociale en vue des actions communautaires du projet (identification de PBS, enregistrement de plaintes\netc.).\nLes alertes SMS partag\u00e9s, l\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9, gr\u00e2ce au signalement des membres du comit\u00e9 de protection ou des\npoints focaux. 15 cas d\u2019incidents de protection au moins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s par les Points focaux communautaire et/ou membres des comit\u00e9s de protection.\nUne sensibilisation sur la paix et la coexistence pacifique ayant touch\u00e9 82 femmes et 63 hommes soit un\ntotal de 145 personnes dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. 8 focus groups de discussion ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avec l'appui\ndes membres des comit\u00e9s de protection.\nAu niveau de la Boucle du Mouhoun, la mise en place des comit\u00e9s de protection dans le Sourou et la\nKossi n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 effective qu\u2019au cours du mois de mars. De ce fait, ils n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s.\n\n###### **LEADERS COMMUNAUTAIRES/AUTORITES LOCALES/SOCIETE CIVILE**\n\nLa formation de 50 Leaders communautaires/autorit\u00e9s locales sur la redevabilit\u00e9 tenue le 24 mars 2020\noffre l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention des leaders communautaires sur les devoirs des acteurs humanitaires qui interviennent au profit des PDI et m\u00eame des populations h\u00f4tes. Un cahier de plaintes a \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 cet effet par INTERSOS sur le site des PDI \u2018\u2019Route de Youba\u2019\u2019. La formation a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement\nune occasion de mener des sensibilisations sur la coh\u00e9sion sociale au regard du risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019affrontements.\n\n##### **VII. SYSTEME DE PARTAGE D\u2019INFORMATION ET COORDINATION**\n\nDe prime abord, il faut dire que la collaboration avec les autres partenaires dans la zone de couverture\nest fort appr\u00e9ciable que ce soit dans la Boucle du Mouhoun ou dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. INTERSOS participe \u00e0 toutes les rencontres aussi bien du groupe des acteurs humanitaires que de celles du groupe sectoriel de protection afin d\u2019apporter sa contribution au plan strat\u00e9gique, technique et financier.\nSur le plan strat\u00e9gique, nous apportons notre r\u00e9flexion sur la fa\u00e7on d\u2019apporter l\u2019aide humanitaire, quel\ndispositif d\u2019accueil pour mieux accueillir et g\u00e9rer les PDI et aussi partageons les r\u00e9sultats issus du monitoring de protection et les \u00e9valuations rapide de protection. Au plan technique, nous avons appuy\u00e9 l\u2019Action\nSociale pour l\u2019enregistrement des PDI. \u00c0 l\u2019endroit du HCR sur le terrain, les moniteurs ont soutenu les\nmembres communautaires form\u00e9s pour l\u2019installation des RHU.\nAu plan financier, apr\u00e8s l\u2019identification, les \u00e9quipes de INTERSOS ont apport\u00e9 une assistance en cash \u00e0\n109 PBS dont 60 cas d\u2019urgence au niveau de la province du Yatenga. En termes de collaboration avec\nles autres ONG, il faut dire que gr\u00e2ce aux moniteurs et aux relais communautaires, INTERSOS est plus\nproche des populations affect\u00e9es et a pu faciliter les rapports entre les communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires et les\nONG telles que TdH, MSF, ACTED, HELVETAS.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **ACTIONS REQUISES DU HCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|DOMAINES ACTIONS OBSERVATIONS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|ABRIS|Appui \u00e0 la locaton ou en mat\u00e9riaux de constructon
pour les m\u00e9nages PDI|Il s\u2019agit de plani\ufb01er pour 1 000
m\u00e9nages|\n|LTB
|Plaidoyer pour l\u2019octroi et l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement des terres
cultvables et de zones de p\u00e2turage pour les PDI|Pour l\u2019ensemble des 40 000 PDI|\n\n\n###### **PROTECTION TRANSVERSALE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CLUSTER LOCALITES PROBLEMES RECOMMANDATIONS|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|SECURITE,
MINES,
ALPC, REG|R\u00e9gion du Nord:
\u2022 Barga peulh
\u2022 Dingla Peuh
\u2022 Ramdolla
\u2022 Men\u00e9 Peul
\u2022 Lemnogo
\u2022 _Route de Youba_|Les populatons a\ufb00ect\u00e9es
estment qu\u2019elles ne sont
pas \u00e0 l\u2019abri d\u2019autres
ataques meurtri\u00e8res. Il y
a un sentment de peur et
de pers\u00e9cuton surtout
pendant la nuit.|1. R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s
r\u00e9gionales du Nord pour la r\u00e9alisaton de
patrouilles des FDS au niveau des sites
d\u2019accueil pour renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des PDIs
et de leurs biens qu\u2019elles ont pu emporter
avec elles ou b\u00e9n\u00e9\ufb01ci\u00e9s
2. Appuyer les PDIs \u00e0 s\u2019organiser et \u00e0 metre en
place un syst\u00e8me communautaire de
surveillance et d'alerte surtout durant la nuit|\n|EDUCATION|R\u00e9gion du Nord :
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 Sites de
regroupement des
PDI
\u2022 Tangaye

B. du Mouhoun :
\u2022 D\u00ee
\u2022 Bourasso
\u2022 Gomboro
\u2022 Lan\ufb01\u00e8ra
\u2022 To\u00e9ni
\u2022 Lankou\u00e9
|D\u00e9scolarisaton des
enfants|1. Plaidoyer au niveau des Directons r\u00e9gionales
et provinciales en charge de l\u2019\u00e9ducaton pour
un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole
2. Cr\u00e9er des \u00e9coles temporaires en situaton
d'urgence, des EAE ou des centres \u00e0
passerelle
|\n|SANTE|B. du Mouhoun :
\u2022 Djibasso
\u2022 Kassoum

R\u00e9gion du Nord :
\u2022 Site \u00ab route
Youba \u00bb|Di\ufb03cile acc\u00e8s aux soins
de sant\u00e9 par les PDI|1. Plaidoyer pour la r\u00e9ouverture des centres de
sant\u00e9
2. Prise en charge de certains malades sur les
sites
3. Plaidoyer pour la prise en main des acquis de
MSF sur le site de Youba pour une p\u00e9rennit\u00e9
des actons|\n|ACCES A
L\u2019EAU
POTABLE ET
INFRASTRUC
TURE
D\u2019ASSAINISS
EMENT
|\u2022 Ouahigouya
\u2022 Tougzagu\u00e9
\u2022 Tamsin
\u2022 Saye
\u2022 Lilgomd\u00e9|La ville de Ouahigouya
fait face \u00e0 une
insu\ufb03sance des
ressources en eau
potable. De ce fait,
l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau est tr\u00e8s
limit\u00e9 sur les sites
d\u2019accueil, idem pour les
toiletes. Les PDIs
d\u00e9f\u00e8quent \u00e0 l\u2019air libre.
Cela pour les femmes et
les hommes.|1. Augmenter les sources d\u2019approvisionnement
en eau (forages modernes, puits \u00e0 grands
diam\u00e8tres)
2. Impliquer les populatons dans la r\u00e9alisaton
d\u2019infrastructures Wash (latrines, lave-mains
etc.)
3. Tenir compte des groupes sexo-sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques
dans la r\u00e9alisaton desdites infrastructures
(toiletes pour personnes handicap\u00e9es, points
d\u2019eau pour personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es etc.)|\n\n\nMars 2020\n\n\n## **_8_**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VIII. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI**\n###### **PROTECTION TRANSVERSALE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CLUSTER LOCALITES PROBLEMES RECOMMANDATIONS|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|ABRI ET
VIVRES|R\u00e9gion du Nord :
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 Soll\u00e9, Ouahigouya
\u2022 Tibou
\u2022 _Route de Youba_
\u2022 Thiou
\u2022 S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga

B. du Mouhoun :
\u2022 To\u00e9ni
\u2022 Sono
\u2022 Kombori
\u2022 Barani
\u2022 Gomboro|Certaines personnes
sont install\u00e9es \u00e0 m\u00eame
le sol, soit sous des
hangars ou sous les
quelques arbustes du
site. Les RHU et les
tentes de transit mis en
place sont en nombre
d\u00e9risoire par rapport \u00e0 la
taille des PDI et ne
r\u00e9pondent pas au
standing de logement de
la communaut\u00e9 peulh.
Le nombre de repas est
1 plat par jour pour les
m\u00e9nages|1. Prendre en compte les principes de la
protecton transversale dans la pr\u00e9paraton et
la fourniture de l\u2019assistance dans les secteurs
de l\u2019Abri, de l\u2019Assistance Alimentaire, la Sant\u00e9
etc. ;
2. Octroyer des appuis pour la locaton et/ou de
mat\u00e9riaux de constructon ;
3. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me d\u2019ident\ufb01caton et
de prise en charge des personnes ayant des
besoins sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques ;
4. R\u00e9f\u00e9rer les PBS sans abri \u00e0 Plan Burkina, \u00e0 l\u2019OIM
ou Help|1. Prendre en compte les principes de la
protecton transversale dans la pr\u00e9paraton et
la fourniture de l\u2019assistance dans les secteurs
de l\u2019Abri, de l\u2019Assistance Alimentaire, la Sant\u00e9
etc. ;
2. Octroyer des appuis pour la locaton et/ou de
mat\u00e9riaux de constructon ;
3. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me d\u2019ident\ufb01caton et
de prise en charge des personnes ayant des
besoins sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques ;
4. R\u00e9f\u00e9rer les PBS sans abri \u00e0 Plan Burkina, \u00e0 l\u2019OIM
ou Help|\n|COEXISTENC
E PACIFIQUE|R\u00e9gion du Nord
\u2022 Reka (Oula)
\u2022 Ouahigouya
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 _Route de Youba_|Entre les nouvelles PDI
Peulh, les anciennes PDI
et la populaton h\u00f4te se
dessinent des
accusatons et de la
m\u00e9\ufb01ance. Ces soup\u00e7ons
sont v\u00e9hicul\u00e9s \u00e0
l\u2019encontre des Peulhs
qui semble-t-il sont \u00e0
l\u2019origine du d\u00e9placement
des PDI anciennement
install\u00e9es sur_Route de_
_Youba_.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de dialogues communautaires sur
la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les PDIs (ancienne et
nouvelles) et les Populatons h\u00f4tes
2. Ident\ufb01er et redynamiser au sein des
communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et PDIs les m\u00e9canismes
communautaires de promoton du vivre
ensemble et de la coh\u00e9sion sociale
3. Consid\u00e9rer les populatons h\u00f4tes et les
anciennes PDIs dans la plani\ufb01caton et la
fourniture de l\u2019aide humanitaire|1. R\u00e9alisaton de dialogues communautaires sur
la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les PDIs (ancienne et
nouvelles) et les Populatons h\u00f4tes
2. Ident\ufb01er et redynamiser au sein des
communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et PDIs les m\u00e9canismes
communautaires de promoton du vivre
ensemble et de la coh\u00e9sion sociale
3. Consid\u00e9rer les populatons h\u00f4tes et les
anciennes PDIs dans la plani\ufb01caton et la
fourniture de l\u2019aide humanitaire|\n|VBG ET
PROTECTION
DE
L\u2019ENFANCE|
\u2022 Tamsin,
\u2022 AK,
\u2022 Kapalin,
\u2022 Saye,
\u2022 Tougzagu\u00e9,
\u2022 Ouahigouya_Route_
_de Youba_|La promiscuit\u00e9 des abris,
la non s\u00e9paraton nete
des femmes et des
hommes dans l'utlisaton
des toiletes et des
latrines l\u00e0 o\u00f9 elles
existent exposent les
femmes. La non
occupaton des enfants et
la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 actuelle des
familles exposent les
enfants \u00e0 tout type
d\u2019abus et d\u2019exploitaton.|La promiscuit\u00e9 des abris,
la non s\u00e9paraton nete
des femmes et des
hommes dans l'utlisaton
des toiletes et des
latrines l\u00e0 o\u00f9 elles
existent exposent les
femmes. La non
occupaton des enfants et
la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 actuelle des
familles exposent les
enfants \u00e0 tout type
d\u2019abus et d\u2019exploitaton.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de sensibilisaton sur les VBG
(Actons pr\u00e9ventves des violences sexuelles)
2. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me de geston de cas
des VBG
3. Renforcer le syst\u00e8me d\u2019orientaton et de
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas de VBG entre les
acteurs de la r\u00e9gion, partculi\u00e8rement sur les
sites d\u2019accueil
4. Former les acteurs sur la th\u00e9matque VBG pour
une meilleure interventon adapt\u00e9e au
contexte|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1cf95985-c2e0-3102-be36-03b33f84a819/75463.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_203/raw/doc_203_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_203/raw/doc_203_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 327b469bb18d241f386c916ea057fa6de317d469..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_203/raw/doc_203_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,838 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nJORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE\n# ANNUAL REPORT\n\n#### **2019**\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nJORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE\n## ANNUAL REPORT\n###### 2019\n\n\nSECTION PAGE\n\n\n**Executive Summary** 3\n\n\n**Context** 4\n\n\n**Main Trends** 5\n\n\n**Thematic Focus** 8\n\n\n**Recommendations** 11\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nDISCLAIMER\n\n\nThe data shared is only from reported cases, and is in no way representative of the total incidence or prevalence of sexual and gender-based\nviolence (SGBV) in Jordan. This consolidated statistical report is generated exclusively by SGBV service providers who use the GBV Information\nManagement System for data collection in the implementation of SGBV response activities in a limited number of locations across Jordan that\ntarget the population affected by the Syria crisis, and with the consent of survivors. This information is confidential and cannot be reproduced\n[without the authorization of the GBVIMS Task Force. For further information, contact GBV IMS Task force co-chairs: Mays Zatari (zatari@unhcr.](mailto:zatari@unhcr.org)\n[org) and Pamela Di Camillo (dicamillo@unfpa.org).](mailto:zatari@unhcr.org)\n\n##### 1\n### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\n\nThis report provides information on incidents of Sexual and GenderBased Violence (SGBV) reported by survivors in Jordan during 2019. The\ninformation was gathered with the consent of survivors who received\npsycho-social support (through the case management approach) via six\n(6) organisational members of the GBV IMS Taskforce. The GBV IMS Task\nForce [1] is the body responsible for gathering, maintaining and analysing\ndata related to SGBV, along with ensuring the security and protection of\nsensitive data concerning SGBV. The Task Force is also responsible for\ndrafting reports, providing strategic directions to SGBV programmes\nbased on identified gaps and trends.\n\n\nIt is important to highlight that the data and trends noted in this report are\nnot representative of the prevalence of SGBV in Jordan (or among refugee\npopulations) as these trends are based solely on incidents reported by\nsurvivors to the Data Gathering Organisations (DGOs) engaged in SGBV\nresponse and using the GBVIMS in 2019. It is accordingly not advisable to\nuse these findings as a proxy for the prevalence of SGBV in any settings or\nto use it in isolation to monitor the quality of programmatic interventions.\nDespite the above limitations, the GBVIMS is considered the highest\nquality SGBV incident data currently available to the humanitarian\nactors, which can be used effectively for trend analysis and improving\ncoordination of SGBV prevention and response.\n\n\n**It is important to highlight that the data and trends**\n**noted in this report are not representative of the**\n**prevalence of SGBV in Jordan (or among refugee**\n**populations) as these trends are based solely on**\n**incidents reported by survivors.**\n\n\nNumber of survivors assisted by members of the GBV IMS Task force\nin 2019 increased by (21%) in comparison with 2018 data. This can be\nexplained by a new data gathering organization that joined the task force\nand new locations covered by data collection. Also, outreach activities have\nbeen enhanced by reaching the communities and providing information on\nSGBV services through awareness-raising sessions and community-based\ninitiatives. New \u201csafe spaces\u201d have been opened in highly-populated areas,\nincluding East Amman and Rsaifeh, contributing to increased access to\nservices for GBV survivors. Moreover the availability of transportation\nfees coverage and \u201ccash for protection\u201d increased accessibility and trust\nin services. Finally, GBV \u201csafe referral\u201d trainings were conducted to CBOs\nand the different frontline workers\n\n\nIn terms of nationalities of survivors who seek help: 70% are Syrians, 23%\nare Jordanian and 7% refugees of other nationalities mainly Iraqis and\nSudanese. It is important to mention that 2019 has marked an increase\nin the percentages of Jordanian survivors assisted by members of GBV\nIMS task force (58% increase compared to 2018), as well as an increase in\nother nationalities than Syrians (88% increase compared to 2018). These\nincreases are due to outreach activities targeting Jordanian and other\nrefugee communities by providing information on SGBV services.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\nAlthough we registered an increase in the percentage of Non-Syrian\nrefugees assisted, it still remains low, albeit not necessarily indicating\nSGBV does not happen within these communities but rather a need to\nincrease outreach to share information about services available as well as\ntheir inclusion in participating within SGBV programmes.\n\n\n**It is important to underline that the majority of**\n**survivors reached services more than one month**\n**after the incident (69% in 2019 compared to**\n**71.5% in 2018). This trend has been a constant**\n**trend over the last three years.**\n\n\nFinally, it is important to underline that the majority of survivors reached\nservices more than one month after the incident (69% in 2019 compared\nto 71.5% in 2018). This trend has been a constant trend over the last\nthree years and this indicates the need to explore innovative approaches\nfor community-based outreach efforts to inform refugees about services\navailable for survivors and the importance of seeking timely assistance in\nparticular for survivors of sexual violence.\n\n\nTIME BETWEEN INCIDENT AND DISCOLURE\n\n\n2018 2019\n\n\n\n**More than a month**\n\n\n**Two weeks to a month**\n\n\n**6 - 14 days**\n\n\n**4 - 5 days**\n\n\n**0 -3 days**\n\n\n\n\n\n71.5%\n\n69.0%\n\n\n\n1. The Gender-based violence Information management system (GBVIMS) Task Force members\nhave signed an Information Sharing Protocol that defines roles and responsibilities and data\nprotection procedures. The Taskforce is chaired by UNHCR and UNFPA with the technical\nsupport of UNICEF.\n\n\n2. INTERSOS, Jordanian Women Union (JWU), Noor Al Hussain Foundation (NHF), Jordan River\nFoundation (JRF), International Rescue Committee (IRC) and United Nation High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ANNUAL REPORT 2019", - "confidence": 0.7887154817581177, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6429046392440796, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE", - "confidence": 0.7898096442222595, - "start": 2, - "end": 7 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "JORDAN", - "confidence": 0.9688513875007629, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.989380955696106, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8194389343261719, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.5042571425437927, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6844905614852905, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Task\nForce", - "confidence": 0.8053148984909058, - "start": 224, - "end": 228 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9603296518325806, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.97210294008255, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.6502541899681091, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "incidents reported by survivors", - "confidence": 0.7506178617477417, - "start": 470, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Task force", - "confidence": 0.8261477947235107, - "start": 485, - "end": 489 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9802947044372559, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5097420811653137, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV programmes", - "confidence": 0.7530383467674255, - "start": 774, - "end": 776 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6550631523132324, - "start": 810, - "end": 811 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5445643663406372, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\n##### 2\n### CONTEXT\n\n\n\nTen years into the Syria crisis, refugees remain in exile as their country\ncontinues to face a protracted conflict and an overwhelming humanitarian\ncrisis. Jordanian-Syrian border has remained closed for new refugees into\nJordan since June 2016. During October 2018, border-crossings openedup for returnees; however, only 89,834 refugees returned to Syria by\nDecember 2019.\n\n\nAs of 31 December 2019, the United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR) recorded 654,692 registered Syrian refugees in\nJordan, a number that has remained consistent over the past three-years\ndue to the increased entry restrictions into the Kingdom. Among the\nSyrian refugee population 25.43 % are women, 24.02 % are men, 24.61 %\nare girls and 25.95% are boys. Women and girls represent more than half\nof the refugee population (50.04%).\n\n\n**As of 31 December 2019, the United Nations**\n**High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)**\n**recorded 654,692 registered Syrian refugees in**\n**Jordan, a number that has remained consistent**\n**over the past three-years due to the increased**\n**entry restrictions into the Kingdom.**\n\n\nIn Jordan, close to 81.7% of registered refugees live outside the\ncamps, primarily concentrated in urban and rural areas in the northern\ngovernorates of Jordan, with lesser populations in the southern\ngovernorates. The remaining Syrian refugees live in camps, mainly in\nZaatari Camp (\u00b176,372), Azraq Camp (\u00b140,396) and the Emirati Jordanian\nCamp (\u00b16,492).\n\n\nJordan also hosts refugee populations from other countries. The war and\ndire humanitarian context in Yemen has contributed to an increase in\nthe number of Yemeni new arrivals in 2019, bringing the total number of\nYemenis registered with UNHCR to 14,774. They are to be added to the\nmultiple other refugee populations that Jordan hosts, including 67,186\nIraqis, and more than 8,517 from Sudan, Somalia, and other countries.\n\n\nWhile Syrian refugees can obtain a work permit through cooperatives or\na trade union in the agriculture, construction and some opportunities in\nmanufacturing sectors, they are still dependent on a \u201csponsor\u201d/employer\nin other sectors and \u201cdecent\u201d work conditions remain a problem. Most\nimportantly, restrictions in work sectors that has now been openedup to foreigners, excludes refugees from high-skilled and semi-skilled\nemployment, leaving many to work in the informal market or remain\nunemployed.\n\n\n3. Refer to: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/73629.pdf [last accessed on 2\nApril 2020].\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**Jordan also hosts refugee populations from other**\n**countries. The war and dire humanitarian context in**\n**Yemen has contributed to an increase in the number**\n**of Yemeni new arrivals in 2019, bringing the total**\n**number of Yemenis registered with UNHCR to 14,774.**\n\n\nFor women, constraints are exacerbated by a lack of safe transportation\nto the workplace, disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care and\ndomestic work, alongside career-resistance from their family members\nand a perceived lack of culturally-appropriate employment opportunities.\nDuring 2019, only 5.8 percent (%) of the work permits were issued to\nSyrian women. On the other hand, non-Syrian refugees are simply not\nallowed to access the formal job market in Jordan and are compelled to\nengage in informal work, leading them to constantly fear arrest by the\nauthorities. [3] The significant influx of refugees over the last ten years has\nhad an impact on the capacity of national services and there is a need for\ncontinuous humanitarian assistance to complement national efforts.\n\n\n**For women, constraints are exacerbated by a**\n**lack of safe transportation to the workplace,**\n**disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care**\n**and domestic work, alongside career-resistance**\n**from their family members and a perceived lack of**\n**culturally-appropriate employment opportunities.**\n\n\nWhile progress has been made to improve the legal status of Syrian refugees\nin Jordan, many barriers prevent access to economic opportunities, quality\neducation and essential services and subsequently hampers the fulfilment\nof their rights, exacerbating vulnerability and contributing to heightened\nprotection risks, including SGBV.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\n**a) Sex and age of SGBV survivors**\n\n\n##### 3\n### MAIN TRENDS\n\n\n\nDuring 2019, 95% of survivors assisted by data gathering organisations\nwere female, this is in line with global SGBV trends highlighting that\nwomen and girls are disproportionately affected by SGBV. This trend has\nbeen consistent across the last 3-year period. Home remains unsafe for\nwomen and girls, 88% of perpetrators are intimate partners (husbands\nin this context), caregivers or family members and 7% unknown or no\nrelation, with other service providers and community members, work\nsupervisors representing very small to negligible amounts.\n\n\nIn comparison to 2018, there is a slight increase in the number of adult\nmale survivors. This change is due to the fact that a service provider\norganisation in mid 2019 started data collection and the focus of the\nprogramme is on male survivors and in particular LGBTI population. Low\npercentage of boy survivors can be explained by the fact that most of those\nwho seek help are supported by child protection actors who are not part of\nthe GBV IMS Task Force as per established standard operating procedures\n(SOPs) and referral pathways. Gay and bisexual men face increased risks\nof Sexual violence. In this context, it is important to underline that the\n\n\n\nREPORTED\nINCIDENTS\nBY AGE AND\nGENDER\n\n\n**Girls**\n\n\n**Boys**\n\n\n**Women**\n\n\n**Men**\n\n\n**b) Types of Sexual and Gender Based Violence**\n\n\n\n**0.4%** **4.4%**\n\n\n\nestablishment or strengthening of services for male survivors should not\naffect service provision for women and girls: funding for \u201cSafe Spaces for\nWomen and Girls\u201d (SSWG) should be maintained, while additional funding\nshould be sought for interventions for male survivors. [4]\n\n\nThe GBV IMS will need to develop an evidence base for the drivers and\nimpacts of different forms of violence against males; that can inform\n\u201cgood practice\u201d in prevention and social and psychological response. For\nexample, working closely with the \u201cMental Health Psychosocial Support\u201d\n(MHPSS) working group (WG) will be essential in particular on sexual\nviolence taking place in detention as a form of torture. GBV incidents\nare more prevalent amongst women and girls due to the fact that it is\nunderstood to be a manifestation of the historically unequal powerrelations between men and women, which have resulted in the domination\nover and discrimination against women by men. The GBV IMS taskforce\nmembers are committed to maintaining specialised and focused service\ndelivery to women and girls to both prevent and respond to the prevalence\nof GBV amongst vulnerable groups.\n\n\n**1.2%** **2%**\n\n\n\n**81.8%**\n\n\n\n\n\nThe GBV IMS categorises SGBV into six broad categories: rape;\nsexual assault; physical assault; forced marriage; denial of resources/\nopportunities/services; and psychological/emotional abuse. [5] In line with\nprevious years, the main types of SGBV reported were psychological abuse\n(48.4%), physical assault (24.3%) and denial of resources opportunities or\nservices (10.3%). One of the trends this year is an increase in reports of\nsexual assault (7.5%), which had been very low since the establishment of\nthe GBV IMS taskforce. Psychological/emotional abuse most commonly\noccurs in the form of \u201chumiliation\u201d and \u201cconfinement\u201d by intimate partners\n(most typically husbands). In addition, this category also includes incidents\nof \u201cverbal sexual harassment\u201d.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\nBecause of a renewed focus in a national campaign on sexual harassment\nand the need to \u201cspeak-up,\u201d we registered an increased help seeking\nbehavior. Physical violence was also mostly perpetrated by intimate\npartners and took the form of beatings, slapping, and kicking among\nother types of violence. It is important to underline that physical assault\nhas severe consequences on survivors and may result in the death of the\nsurvivors or cause disability.\u201d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nDenial of resources\u201d is the third most reported type of SGBV. Women\nand girls are increasingly reporting incidents of denial of resources,\nopportunity and services mainly perpetrated by their husbands and\nmale relatives. Male perpetrators prevent women from having access to\ncitizenship or documentation. Women are also excluded from decisionmaking within the family, around the use of cash assistance while others\nalso report that their husbands would confiscate their salaries (employers\nare also reported to withholding part of the salary). Some survivors also\nshared that their husbands/male relatives would prevent them from\naccessing reproductive health and mental health services. In addition,\nwomen saw their inheritance rights curtailed as well as their rights to\nalimony or custody.\n\n\nREPORTED INCIDENTS BY TYPE OF SEXUAL AND\nGENDER-BASED VIOLENCE\n\n\n\ncases tripled compared to 2018. Although \u201cseeking-help\u201d behavior\nincreased, the stigma associated with seeking-help when subjected to\nsexual violence constitute a major barrier for survivors ability to come\nforward. In addition, mandatory reporting requirements in Jordanian law\nprevent survivors who do not wish to file complaints from seeking much\nneeded assistance (in particular medical assistance).\n\n\nSEX/ AGE AND TYPE OF SEXUAL AND GENDERBASED VIOLENCE\n\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**65%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**15%**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n**3.4%**\n\n\n**9.4%**\n\n\n**2.5%**\n\n\n**28.2%**\n\n\n**55.4%**\n\n\n\n**4.3%**\n\n\n**86.2%**\n\n\n**0.5%**\n**1.9%**\n\n**5.7%**\n\n\n\n**1.3%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1.9%**\n\n**5.1%**\n\n\n**19%**\n\n\n**44.9%**\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n**20.2%**\n\n\n\n**48.4%**\n\n\n\n**8.2%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Psychological / emotional abuse**\n\n\n**Physical assault**\n\n\n**Forced marriage**\n\n\n**Denial of resources, opportunities, or services**\n\n\n**Sexual assault**\n\n\n**Rape**\n\n\nFinally, women reported being denied opportunities to work as well as\naccess to women empowerment activities or education. Controlling\nbehaviours reported by girls include denial of access to school and\ntertiary education, limitations of movement and social contacts as well\nas access to reproductive health services for unmarried girls. Husbands\nor male relatives also prevent girls from attending girls\u2019 empowerment\nactivities and other services. Denial of resources is therefore normalised\nwithin communities, women and girls are often unaware these incidents\nconstitute gender-based violence.\n\n\n**Denial of resources is normalised within**\n**communities, women and girls are often unaware**\n**these incidents constitute gender-based violence.**\n\n\nChild marriages made up the largest number of forced marriages,\npredominantly affecting girls of 15-17 years old. Forced marriage\nconstitutes only 8% of all of the reported cases, suggesting that few girls\nseek help to prevent marriage from occurring, but it is not indicative of\nprevalence. Indeed the prevalence of child marriage would appear to be\non the rise after a decade of decline. More than 1 in 4 children are married\nbefore the age of 18, and nearly 1 in 10 are married before the age of\n15-years. [6 ]\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some of the most severe forms of SGBV\nwith life-threatening consequences yet they are the most under-reported\nforms of violence. In 2019, the total number of reported sexual violence\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n**Girls** **Women** **Boys** **Men**\n\n\n**Rape** **Sexual assault** **Denial of resources, opportunities, or services**\n\n\n**Forced marriage** **Physical assault** **Psychological / emotional abuse**\n\n\nTo deepen the analysis, it is important to take into account age and gender.\nAs indicated in the above chart, the main SGBV type faced by girls who were\nassisted by the GBV IMS Task Force members, was: child marriage (44.9%);\nfollowed byemotional abuse and denial of resources and opportunities. As\na result, the Thematic section of this year\u2019s report is dedicated to analysing\nGBV and adolescent girls.\n\n\nWomen, on the other hand, have reported being most affected by\nemotional abuse (55.4%) and physical assault (28.2%), occurring mostly in\nthe context of intimate partner violence. Boys and men reported mainly\nincidents of sexual assault, often in the context of detention as well as\ndiscrimination and retaliation against gay/bisexual/transgender refugees.\n\n\nThat said, the chart to the right demonstrates clearly that women and girls\nare disproportionally affected by the different types of SGBV. The number\nof girls reporting rape and sexual assault is very low compared to other\nages and sexes.\n\n\nSexual violence is a risk for adolescent girls, but stigma, value of virginity,\ncustody of male guardians and risk of so-called \u201chonour killing\u201d are all\nfactors contributing to the underreporting, more analysis is available in\nthe thematic section that follows.\n\n\n**c) Service Provision**\n\n\nBuilding on the previous year, half of the cases that sought help this\nyear were self-referred, meaning the survivor approached the case\nmanagement agency. The number of referrals doubled compared to\n2018, indicative of the impact of GBV \u201csafe referral\u201d training and the\ndissemination of the \u201cAmaali\u201d application amongst humanitarian workers.\nReferrals from schools are very low as are cases that were dealt with inside\nthe school\u2019s counselor system.\n\n\n4. Services for men survivors shouldn\u2019t be provided in Safe spaces for women and girls as these\nspaces are known within communities as being for women and girls and serving men survivors\nthere could lead to further stigmatization. Community centers equipped with safe and confidential\ncounselling spaces would be considered as a recommended practice in this context.\n\n\n5. For details on the case definition of each category please refer to the Gender Based\nViolence classification tool accessible at: http://gbvims.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Annex-BClassification-Tool.pdf [last accessed on 2 April 2020].\n\n\n6. Refer to: https://www.unicef.org/jordan/reports/study-underlying-social-norms-and-economiccauses-lead-child-marriage-jordan [last accessed on 2 April 2020].\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported sexual violence", - "confidence": 0.7528140544891357, - "start": 704, - "end": 707 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9481013417243958, - "start": 698, - "end": 699 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "chart", - "confidence": 0.7273908257484436, - "start": 934, - "end": 935 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\n\nTYPE OF\nSEXUAL AND\nGENDER-BASED\nVIOLENCE BY\nSEX / AGE\n\n\n\n**Rape**\n\n\n**Sexual assault**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Girls**\n\n\n**Women**\n\n\n**Boys**\n\n\n**Men**\n\n\n\n**Denial of opportunities,**\n**resources or services**\n\n\n**Forced marriage**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**abuse**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ncase management, one of the key roles of data gathering organisations is\nto identify any needs for further services and ensure that survivors receive\nnecessary support, either through referral to other specialised services or\nvia direct provision by the same service provider.\n\n\n**Sexual violence is a risk for adolescent girls,**\n**but stigma, value of virginity, custody of male**\n**guardians and risk of so-called \u201chonour killing\u201d**\n**are all factors contributing to the underreporting,**\n**more analysis is available in the thematic section**\n**that follows.**\n\n\nIn 2019, **health services** were those most frequently provided, with onehalf of the actors in the GBV IMS taskforce applying an integrated approach\nto GBV and Sexual and Reproductive Health. This trend remains consistent\nwith those of 2018, with a slightly lower percentage of survivors who\ndeclined referrals to other health services. Survivors declined referrals\nto health services oftentimes due to fearing a requirement for mandatory\nreporting to the police (which is particularly strict for Jordanian medical\nstaff compared to other service providers). **Health services are not**\n**automatically available for free to all SGBV survivors, which may also**\n**contribute to survivors declining referrals.**\n\n\nIt is important to note here that the clinical management of rape (CMR)\nservices are available in the camps and in Amman and other three\nurban areas but gaps remain for 24/7 coverage. Advocacy to restrict\nmandatory reporting requirements only to child survivors is needed as\nwell as advocacy with health actors to ensure access to free health care\nto all SGBV survivors (for health concerns related to SGBV) and that CMR\nservices are available 24/7 in public hospitals.\n\n\n**In 2019, health services were those most frequently**\n**provided, with one-half of the actors in the GBV IMS**\n**taskforce applying an integrated approach to GBV and**\n**Sexual and Reproductive Health. This trend remains**\n**consistent with those of 2018**\n\n\n**Legal Assistance and security services** remain some of the most sensitive\nareas of service provision, as the majority of survivors decline referrals. In\nthe past three years, the number of legal assistance referrals decreased\nfrom 78% in 2017 to 60% in 2019. On the other hand, for the past threeyears, **security services** - including those offered by both shelter and law\nenforcement agencies \u2014 have seen the largest decline across the board.\nDirect service provision under security refers to the Shelter managed by\none of the data gathering organisations. Survivors have expressed fears\nof retaliation if seeking police assistance as well as fear of stigma due to\nlack of confidentiality and lack of survivor-centred approach within law\nenforcement actors (victim-blaming, perpetrators asked to sign pledges\ninstead of serving jail terms). The legal system does not encourage survivors\nto come forward as specific types of SGBV are not being criminalised (such\nas marital rape) or punishments being too lenient.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n\n**seeking police assistance as well as fear of stigma**\n**due to lack of confidentiality and lack of survivor-**\n**centred approach within law enforcement actors**\n\n\nIn addition, instead of ordering jail terms for potential perpetrators of so\ncalled \u201chonour killing\u201d, law enforcement authorities place women at risk\nof so called honour killing in detention centres for their own \u201cprotection\u201d.\nFinally, the Crime Prevention Law gives considerable powers to Governors,\nallowing them to place in administrative detention anyone who is perceived\nas posing a threat to national security. In practice, Governors have placed\nwomen in administrative detention who were seen as not complying with\ngender norms (such as women who are engaging in survival sex or women\nhaving relationships outside of marriage).\n\n\nSurvivors might also be undecided about legal services at the beginning\nof the case management process and may actually request them later on\nif it is available. It is important to take into account that a considerable\nnumber of survivors directly approach legal service providers, which\nis not captured by GBV IMS data (this might be explained by survivors\nexperiencing different levels of fear and type of safety concerns).\n\n\nSurvivors also generally decline referrals to safe shelter options. To the\nexception of an NGO run safe shelter, other safe shelters in Jordan are\nrun by the Jordanian Government and have strict entry criteria. The latter\nare accessible only to adult female survivors of family violence who are\nwilling to involve the Family Protection Department into their case while\nsurvivors with male children above five are not accepted. [7]\n\n\n**Most survivors, and in particular the ones**\n**who are not at imminent risk of abuse, would**\n**benefit from being provided with alternatives to**\n**institutionalisation**\n\n\nMost survivors, and in particular the ones who are not at imminent\nrisk of abuse, would benefit from being provided with alternatives to\ninstitutionalisation; such as the provision of monthly protection cash\nallowing survivors to cover rent and other urgent needs. It is, accordingly,\nrecommended to integrate cash for protection components into SGBV\ncase management programmes, and donor support for such projects\nshould be prioritised.\n\n\n7. Exceptions might be granted on a case by case basis for boys up to 7 years old.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS data", - "confidence": 0.9909517765045166, - "start": 862, - "end": 865 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9661263823509216, - "start": 908, - "end": 909 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Survivors", - "confidence": 0.8954874873161316, - "start": 810, - "end": 811 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nRegarding **livelihoods**, although Jordan committed at the global level to\nfacilitate access to employment for Syrian refugees, this has not resulted\nin major changes on the ground for refugee women and SGBV survivors.\nOpportunities for legal work aligned with the needs of Syrian refugee\nwomen continues to be limited. Of all services, livelihoods shows the\nlargest gap in service availability, with more than 68.5% of survivors\nunable to access livelihood services due to unavailability of such services.\nOnly 14% of survivors declined referrals to livelihood in 2019 compared\nto 33% in 2017, pointing at an improvement in accessibility of livelihood\nservices. The limited \u201cday-care\u201d options for children of survivors as well as\nlack of safe transportation options (risks of sexual harassment in public\ntransport) are prompting survivors to decline services.\n\n\n**Of all services, livelihoods shows the largest gap,**\n**with more than 68.5% of survivors unable to**\n**access livelihood services due to unavailability.**\n\n\nAdditionally, gender norms on access to work for women also push female\nsurvivors not to engage in work opportunities outside of their home.\nFinally, it has been noted that in some refugee households, the sudden\nemployment of women who did not work previously due to cultural norms,\nmight be perceived as a threat to male power, which might in turn lead to\nan increase in the risk of intimate partner violence. Gender discussions\ngroups [8] have been recognised by the GBV IMS Task Force as a good\npractice. Risk mitigation measures should be implemented urgently in\nlivelihood programming to ensure \u201csafe\u201d and \u201ceffective\u201d access to services\nfor women and groups at heightened risk of SGBV.\n\n\n**Cash-based interventions** aiming at covering basic needs are not always\navailable to survivors (for 63% the service was unavailable), a challenge\ncompounded by a lack of flexibility in terms of amounts provided to meet\nthe needs of survivors. Survivors who needed urgent cash assistance\noften were unable to receive it on the spot and might have to undergo\nmultiple interviews before being able to receive cash. This is because\nmost data gathering organisations have not embedded tailored cashbased interventions into their SGBV case management programmes,\nforcing them to refer survivors to cash-based interventions designed to\ncover basic needs. Survivors who were provided with monthly cash-based\ninterventions to cover basic needs often reported that the amount was not\nenough to help mitigate risks of SGBV.\n\n\n**Cash-based interventions aiming at covering**\n**basic needs are not always available to survivors,**\n**a challenge compounded by a lack of flexibility in**\n**terms of amounts provided.**\n\n\n**Psycho-social service** s remain the most available services for survivors\nthroughout the country (gaps identified in specific underserved urban\nlocations as well as remote locations), and is the most common service\nprovided (mostly through case management approach). Data shared by\ndata Gathering Organizations is based on information collected with\nsurvivors during psycho-social service provision, thus data on psychosocial service provision should be understood within this context.\n\n\nMoreover, referral pathways are an essential part of the response to SGBV,\nestablishing connection between survivors in need and the services they\nrequire. Although it is clear from the above information on referrals done\nby SGBV partners that the mechanism is strong and moving in a positive\ndirection, referrals from other providers to SGBV providers remain weak.\n\n\n8. Gender discussion groups bring together male and female relatives to sensitize them on gender\nequality and importance of decision making processes based on respect and equality within\nfamilies. For more resources: https://gbvresponders.org/resources/\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\nSERVICE PROVISION\n\n\n**Service received** **Referred** **Declined** **Unavailable**\n\n2018 2019\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n**0.6%**\n\n\n\nHealth / Medical Services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3.7%** **0.6%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**4%** **7%** Safety and Security **6%**\n\n\n\n**8%**\n\n\n\nLivelihoods\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3.2%**\n\n\n\nPsychosocial Services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCash Assistance\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on psychosocial service provision", - "confidence": 0.8488954901695251, - "start": 583, - "end": 588 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.95998215675354, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\n**a) Gender-Based Violence and Adolescent Girls**\n\n\n##### 4\n### THEMATIC FOCUS\n\n\n\nJordan has high numbers of young people within its population, with 40% of\nthe population being under the age of 18-years. [9] Adolescent girls make up\n38.6% of the Jordanian population, most of whom live in the rural areas. [10]\nAlmost half, 41.2%, of the Jordanian population are refugees. [11] The refugee\npopulations are made up of largely Syrian and Palestinian Refugees. [12]\nSyrian adolescent girls currently make up 10% of the total Syrian refugee\npopulation. Displacement increases adolescent vulnerability; their age and\nsocietal hierarchies create greater restrictions on their mobility, voice, and\nchoices, which further hides them from providers. [13]\n\n\nAccording to the data gathered from the GBV IMS taskforce in 2019,\npatterns of help-seeking and GBV differ substantially between married\nand unmarried adolescent girls (aged 10-19), pointing to the significance of\nintersectionality of sex age and marital status and tailored programming.\nOlder and married adolescent girls ( 15-19) are more likely to seek help\nin comparison to younger age groups (reporting emotional and physical\nabuse by the husband as well as incidents of forced marriage). Single girls\nreport mainly psychological/emotional abuse by caregivers and brothers,\nincluding the threat of forced marriage. This type of abuse includes sexual\nharassment in the street and online by men and boys. In Jordan, adolescent\ngirls have voiced that they feel unsafe without the accompaniment of\nothers; this is also largely due to the cultural context of \u201cfamily honour\u201d,\nwhich restricts mobility. [14]\n\n\n**According to the data gathered from the GBV IMS**\n**taskforce in 2019, patterns of help-seeking and**\n**GBV differ substantially between married and**\n**unmarried adolescent girls (aged 10-19), pointing**\n**to the significance of intersectionality of sex age**\n**and marital status and tailored programming.**\n\n\nThe second highest reported form of GBV for single adolescent girls is\nthe denial of opportunities and services. Under the male \u201cguardianship\u201d\nsystem, which is at the centre of a web of discriminatory provisions, men\nare empowered to control women\u2019s lives and limit their personal freedoms,\nfor an unmarried woman movement restrictions can make it more difficult\nto seek help without accompaniment of a guardian. Seven percent (7%)\nof adolescent girls reporting violence are divorced or separated (age\ngroup 17-19). Divorced and widowed girls frequently report physical and\nemotional abuse perpetrated by their family members in the context of\npressure to re-marry or stigma and discrimination from family of origin\nand forced marriage. This group includes cases of girls married with Saudi\nmen who are divorced by telephone once the husband travels back to the\ncountry of origin.\n\n\n**Single girls report mainly psychological/emotional**\n**abuse by caregivers and brothers, including the**\n**threat of forced marriage.**\n\n\nIn terms of child marriage, 8% of adolescent girls report as survivors of\nthis traditional practice. This data does not refer to prevalence but rather\nsurvivors seeking help. Prevalence data available appears to show that\nchild marriage has been increasing in the last decade. [15] The majority of\nchild marriages are between the ages of 15-17; however, the rate of child\nmarriages under the age of 15 has increased from 0.7% in 2009, to 1.5%\nin 2018. [16]\n\n\nThe main causes for child marriage, identified in focus groups were,\ntraditions/culture, poverty, and broken homes/family disintegration.\n17The consequences of child marriage have been recognised as: increased\nmaternal and infant mortality; malnutrition;and increased domestic\nviolence and divorce [18] - the child divorce rate increased in 2017\ncompared to 2012, with the rate of divorce dependent upon the economic\nclass of the family. [19]\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n\n**The second highest reported form of GBV for single**\n**adolescent girls is the denial of opportunities and**\n**services, with men empowered o control women\u2019s**\n**lives and limit their personal freedoms.**\n\n\nDenial of resources is reported by 10.8% of cases of adolescent girls in the\ncontext of controlled movement and access to educational opportunities\nand services, including sexual and reproductive health services.\nAdolescent girls are often expected to stay at home and learn household\nchores until marriage. [20 ] Their agency is restricted and it inhibits them from\nparticipating in all aspects of society: education, economy, health, social,\nand political. [21]\n\n\nThe number of girls reporting rape and sexual assault remains low (4.8 %\nof reported cases). Rape is primarily reported by unmarried adolescent\ngirls and sexual assault by widowed and divorced girls. Sexual violence is\na risk for adolescent girls, but stigma, value of virginity, custody of male\nguardians and risk of honor killing are all factors that contribute to the\nunderreporting. Virginity testing although there is no medical evidence\nthat it is still practiced, involves families requesting and pressuring\nhealth service providers to conduct virginity testing, in order to control\nadolescent girls and safeguard family honour. [22] Virginity testing violates\nsix of the different human rights; additionally there are many mental and\nphysical consequences to virginity testing that can be considered itself a\nform of GBV. [23]\n\n\n**The number of girls reporting rape and sexual**\n**assault remains low, primarily by unmarried**\n**adolescent girls and sexual assault by widowed**\n**and divorced girls.**\n\n\nIt is worth noting that the youngest survivor seeking help in the Women\nand Girls Safe Space was 12 years old. In order to get a clearer picture\nof SGBV for younger adolescent girls, the GBV IMS cross-checked data\ncollected by Child Protection case management agencies through the\nChild Protection (CP) IMS for the teenage age-group. CP IMS also serves\nyounger teenagers, amongst which sexual violence is the most reported\nform of SGBV.\n\n\n9. Elizabeth Presler-Marshall, Ingrid Gercama, and Nicola Jones. (October, 2017) Adolescent girls\nin Jordan: the state of the evidence. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence. https://\nwww.gage.odi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GAGE-Jordan-SA-WEB.pdf\n\n\n10. Department of Statistics/DOS and ICF. 2019. Jordan Population and Family and Health Survey\n2017-18. Amman, Jordan, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: DOS and ICF.\n\n\n11. Presler-Marshall, Gercama, and Jones. (2017). Adolescent Girls in Jordan. p2.\n\n\n12. ibid.\n\n\n13. Jones, N., Devonald, M. and Guglielmi, S. (2019) Leave no adolescent behind: the gender- and\nage-specific vulnerabilities of adolescent refugees and IDPs. Policy Note. London: Gender and\nAdolescence: Global Evidence.\n\n\n14. US Agency for International Development. (2019). ActionAid Grl Power Case Study: What can\nwe learn about the experience of girl-led research in Jordan? Retrieved from https://data2.unhcr.\norg/en/documents/download/69608 [last accessed on 2 April 2020].\n\n\n15. Fry, D., Mackay, Kristen., Kurdi, Z., and Casey, T. \u201cA Qualitative Study on the Underlying Social\nNorms and Economic Causes That Developing an Actionable Multisectoral Plan for Prevention.\u201d\nUNICEF and The Higher Population Council. Edinburgh University.\n\n\n16. ibid, 47.\n\n\n17. ibid, 42.\n\n\n18. ibid, 52-53.\n\n\n19. ibid, 8.\n\n\n20. Presler-Marshall, Gercama, and Jones. (October, 2017). Adolescent girls in Jordan: the State of\nthe Evidence, 17.\n\n\n21. ibid, 17.\n\n\n22. Jordan GBVIMS TF Midyear Report January-June, 2019. Dashboard.\n\n\n23. Eliminating virginity testing: an interagency statement. Geneva: World Health Organization;\n2018. Licence: CC BYNC-SA 3.0 IGO.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data gathered from the GBV IMS taskforce", - "confidence": 0.7593621611595154, - "start": 171, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS taskforce", - "confidence": 0.6794764399528503, - "start": 175, - "end": 178 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9895431995391846, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "married\nand unmarried adolescent girls", - "confidence": 0.5499492287635803, - "start": 189, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Prevalence data", - "confidence": 0.529266893863678, - "start": 619, - "end": 621 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescent girls", - "confidence": 0.898943305015564, - "start": 481, - "end": 483 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS", - "confidence": 0.6990306377410889, - "start": 1132, - "end": 1134 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.5869485139846802, - "start": 1236, - "end": 1237 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jordan Population and Family and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9067181348800659, - "start": 1229, - "end": 1236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8855173587799072, - "start": 1235, - "end": 1236 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Department of Statistics/DOS and ICF", - "confidence": 0.6222116351127625, - "start": 1219, - "end": 1226 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9732892513275146, - "start": 1229, - "end": 1230 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7078786492347717, - "start": 1227, - "end": 1228 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.9881027340888977, - "start": 1236, - "end": 1237 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jordan GBVIMS TF Midyear Report", - "confidence": 0.5795716047286987, - "start": 1491, - "end": 1496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9932312965393066, - "start": 1354, - "end": 1355 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Adolescent girls", - "confidence": 0.9230233430862427, - "start": 1470, - "end": 1472 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\n\n**Widowed Adolescents**\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\n**Married Adolescents**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTYPES OF SEXUAL AND GENDERBASED VIOLENCE IMPACTING\nADOLESCENT GIRLS.\n\n\n**Denial of resources, opportunities, or services**\n\n\n**Forced marriage**\n\n\n**Physical assault**\n\n\n**Psychological / emotional abuse**\n\n\n**Rape**\n\n\n**Sexual assault**\n\n\n\n**Single Adolescents**\n\n\n\n**Divorced Adolescents**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJordan has high numbers of young people within its population, with 40% of\nthe population being under the age of 18-years. [9] Adolescent girls make up\n38.6% of the Jordanian population, most of whom live in the rural areas. [10]\nAlmost half, 41.2%, of the Jordanian population are refugees. [11] The refugee\npopulations are made up of largely Syrian and Palestinian Refugees. [12]\nSyrian adolescent girls currently make up 10% of the total Syrian refugee\npopulation. Displacement increases adolescent vulnerability; their age and\nsocietal hierarchies create greater restrictions on their mobility, voice, and\nchoices, which further hides them from providers. [13]\n\n\nAccording to the data gathered from the GBV IMS taskforce in 2019,\npatterns of help-seeking and GBV differ substantially between married\nand unmarried adolescent girls (aged 10-19), pointing to the significance of\nintersectionality of sex age and marital status and tailored programming.\nOlder and married adolescent girls ( 15-19) are more likely to seek help\nin comparison to younger age groups (reporting emotional and physical\nabuse by the husband as well as incidents of forced marriage). Single girls\nreport mainly psychological/emotional abuse by caregivers and brothers,\nincluding the threat of forced marriage. This type of abuse includes sexual\nharassment in the street and online by men and boys. In Jordan, adolescent\ngirls have voiced that they feel unsafe without the accompaniment of\nothers; this is also largely due to the cultural context of \u201cfamily honour\u201d,\nwhich restricts mobility. [14]\n\n\n**According to the data gathered from the GBV IMS**\n**taskforce in 2019, patterns of help-seeking and**\n**GBV differ substantially between married and**\n**unmarried adolescent girls (aged 10-19), pointing**\n**to the significance of intersectionality of sex age**\n**and marital status and tailored programming.**\n\n\nThe second highest reported form of GBV for single adolescent girls is\nthe denial of opportunities and services. Under the male \u201cguardianship\u201d\nsystem, which is at the centre of a web of discriminatory provisions, men\nare empowered to control women\u2019s lives and limit their personal freedoms,\nfor an unmarried woman movement restrictions can make it more difficult\nto seek help without accompaniment of a guardian. Seven percent (7%)\nof adolescent girls reporting violence are divorced or separated (age\ngroup 17-19). Divorced and widowed girls frequently report physical and\nemotional abuse perpetrated by their family members in the context of\npressure to re-marry or stigma and discrimination from family of origin\nand forced marriage. This group includes cases of girls married with Saudi\nmen who are divorced by telephone once the husband travels back to the\ncountry of origin.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\nIn terms of child marriage, 8% of adolescent girls report as survivors of\nthis traditional practice. This data does not refer to prevalence but rather\nsurvivors seeking help. Prevalence data available appears to show that\nchild marriage has been increasing in the last decade. [15] The majority of\nchild marriages are between the ages of 15-17; however, the rate of child\nmarriages under the age of 15 has increased from 0.7% in 2009, to 1.5%\nin 2018. [16]\n\n\n**Single girls report mainly psychological/emotional**\n**abuse by caregivers and brothers, including the**\n**threat of forced marriage.**\n\n\nThe main causes for child marriage, identified in focus groups were,\ntraditions/culture, poverty, and broken homes/family disintegration.\n17The consequences of child marriage have been recognised as: increased\nmaternal and infant mortality; malnutrition;and increased domestic\nviolence and divorce [18] - the child divorce rate increased in 2017\ncompared to 2012, with the rate of divorce dependent upon the economic\nclass of the family. [19]\n\n\n**The second highest reported form of GBV**\n**for single adolescent girls is the denial of**\n**opportunities and services, with men empowered**\n\n**o control women\u2019s lives and limit their personal**\n**freedoms.**\n\n\nDenial of resources is reported by 10.8% of cases of adolescent girls in the\ncontext of controlled movement and access to educational opportunities\nand services, including sexual and reproductive health services.\nAdolescent girls are often expected to stay at home and learn household\nchores until marriage. [20 ] Their agency is restricted and it inhibits them from\nparticipating in all aspects of society: education, economy, health, social,\nand political. [21]\n\n\nThe number of girls reporting rape and sexual assault remains low (4.8 %\nof reported cases). Rape is primarily reported by unmarried adolescent\ngirls and sexual assault by widowed and divorced girls. Sexual violence is\na risk for adolescent girls, but stigma, value of virginity, custody of male\nguardians and risk of honor killing are all factors that contribute to the\nunderreporting. Virginity testing although there is no medical evidence\nthat it is still practiced, involves families requesting and pressuring\nhealth service providers to conduct virginity testing, in order to control\nadolescent girls and safeguard family honour. [22] Virginity testing violates\nsix of the different human rights; additionally there are many mental and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nphysical consequences to virginity testing that can be considered itself a\nform of GBV. [23 ] It is worth noting that the youngest survivor seeking help in\nthe Women and Girls Safe Space was 12 years old. In order to get a clearer\npicture of SGBV for younger adolescent girls, the GBV IMS cross-checked\ndata collected by Child Protection case management agencies through the\nChild Protection (CP) IMS for the teenage age-group. CP IMS also serves\nyounger teenagers, amongst which sexual violence is the most reported\nform of SGBV.\n\n\n**The number of girls reporting rape and sexual**\n**assault remains low, primarily by unmarried**\n**adolescent girls and sexual assault by widowed**\n**and divorced girls.**\n\n\n**a) Gender-Based Violence and Persons with disabilities**\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\n\n\nthey may face a higher risk because abusers take advantage of their\ninability to disclose or articulate the abuse. [29] Furthermore, women and\nyoung persons\u2019 with disabilities are often excluded from educational\nprogrammes regarding GBV, healthy relationships and other protection\naspects, placing them at a greater risk. [30]\n\n\nAccording to GBV IMS data for 2019, the persons\u2019 with physical disability\ndemonstrate a higher frequency of help-seeking behavior (73%) than\ndo or have persons\u2019 with a mental disability (25%), representing 2% of\nPwDs overall reporting. This does not mean that people with physical\ndisabilities are more vulnerable to GBV but rather that there are obstacles\nfor people with mental disabilities who seek help. First and foremost, case\nmanagement organisations and service providers have limited capacity\nto deal with and communicate with people with mental disability. Second,\nanother obstacle is the role of the caregiver on whom they depend, who\nmay have a lack of knowledge on where and how to report the incidence or\nmay be the abuser. Moreover, because of the associated stigma attached to\ndisability, some families may prevent their disabled relative from seeking\nor accessing help.\n\n\n**Because of the associated stigma attached**\n**to disability, some families may prevent their**\n**disabled relative from seeking or accessing help.**\n\n\nWomen with physical disabilities appear to be most at risk of emotional\nviolence (26%) in line with the trends for the general population, whilst\nfor women with mental disabilities the forms of violence most frequently\nreported is physical assault. The other forms of SGBV remain underreported due to the stigma associated with reporting it. Men with\nphysical disabilities are mostly at risk of sexual abuse (17%) perpetrated\nagainst them in their country of origin during their detention period or\nagainst \u201cLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex\u201d (LGBTI) with\ndisabilities. The percentage of children with disabilities who sought help,\naccording to GBV IMS data, is extremely low, which may be due to the fact\nthat they may be supported by CP service providers and such incidents\nwould be recorded in different data monitoring systems.\n\n\n**GBV IMS data shows that PwDs are three times**\n**more likely to face physical, sexual, and emotional**\n**violence than people without disabilities. Women**\n**with disabilities are ten times more likely to**\n**experience sexual violence.**\n\n\n24. Thompson, Stephen. \u201cCurrent Situation of Persons with Disabilities in Jordan.\u201d\nK4D HelpDesk Report, August 3, 2018. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/\nmedia/5bb22804ed915d258ed26e2c/Persons_with_disabilities_in_Jordan.pdf [last accessed on\n2 April 2020].\n\n\n25. ibid.\n\n\n26. Asai, Y., Barley, H., and Herzog, J. Removing Barriers: The Path Towards Inclusive Access\nDisability Assessment Among Syrian and Lebanese Refugees in Jordan and Lebanon: Jordan\nReport. Humanity & Inclusion and IMMAP, July 2018. https://drive.google.com/drive/\nfolders/1gcn6luFouSN69FHHW0FebPwctApgWdL9.\n\n\n27. Radford, Anastasia H, Suzannah H Phillips, Stephanie H Ortoleva, and Leyla H Sharafi. Women\nand Young Persons With Disabilities: Guidelines for Providing Rights-Based and GenderResponsive Services to Address Gender-Based Violence and Sexual and Reproductive Health and\nRights. UNFPA, November 2018. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA-WEI_\nGuidelines_Disability_GBV_SRHR_FINAL_19-11-18_0.pdf [last accessed on 2 April 2020].\n\n\n28. ibid.\n\n\n29. ibid.\n\n\n30. ibid, p.56\n\n\n\n\n\n**Physical Disability**\n\n\n**Mental Disability**\n\n\n**Both**\n\n\n\n\\In 2019, a higher number of People with Disabilities (PwDs) reported\nviolence and help-seeking (1.8%), which was four times more than the\nnumber for 2018. The increase is the result of a tailored programme\ninitiated during 2019, involving three organisations targeting PwDs,\nthrough strengthening collaboration with Community based Organizations\n(CBOs) working with PWD, improved accessibility of centres and building\nthe capacity of staff. The percentage of PwDs in Jordan is 13%. [24] For\nSyrians within Jordan that percentage is higher at 30%. [25] More females\n(34.6%) than males (24.7%) are registered as having a disability caused by\ndisease or illness; however, males have a higher rate of disability due to\ninjuries (14.7%) than females (7.1%). [26]\n\n\nGBV IMS data appears to indicate that PwDs are three times more likely\nto face physical, sexual, and emotional violence than people without\ndisabilities. [27] Women with disabilities are ten times more likely to\nexperience sexual violence. [28] Additionally, 40-68% of adolescent girls with\ndisabilities will experience sexual violence before the age of 18. It is noted\nthat when an individual\u2019s disability affects their ability to communicate,\n\n\n**Denial of resources, opportunities,**\n**or services**\n\n\n**Physical assault**\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\n\n|Types of Sexual and gender-based
Psychological / emotional abuse
violenec by disability and sex
Rape
17%
Sexual assault
9%
8% 9%
5%
2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**||||||\n|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|||||||\n|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|||||||\n|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|**Psychological / emotional abuse**
**Sexual assault**
**Rape**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**1%**
**8%**
**3%**
**5%**
**1%**
**1%**
**1%**
**2%**
**2%**
**1%**
**17%**
**9%**
**1%**
**3%**
**9%**
**2%**
**Types of Sexual and gender-based**
**violenec by disability and sex**|||||||\n|**MEN**
**PHYSICAL AND**
**ENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**MENTAL DISABILITY**|**BOYS**
**GIRLS**
**MEN**
**WOMEN**
**PHYSICAL DISABILITY**|\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS data", - "confidence": 0.9956717491149902, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9991316199302673, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons\u2019 with physical disability", - "confidence": 0.6625304818153381, - "start": 238, - "end": 243 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS data", - "confidence": 0.9989374279975891, - "start": 542, - "end": 545 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.925296425819397, - "start": 533, - "end": 536 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS data", - "confidence": 0.9874671101570129, - "start": 999, - "end": 1002 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PwDs", - "confidence": 0.9411720633506775, - "start": 916, - "end": 917 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.7642309069633484, - "start": 1523, - "end": 1528 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8329050540924072, - "start": 1744, - "end": 1749 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.7721835374832153, - "start": 1965, - "end": 1970 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8338962197303772, - "start": 2192, - "end": 2197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.7835325598716736, - "start": 2413, - "end": 2418 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8423010110855103, - "start": 2641, - "end": 2646 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8199195861816406, - "start": 2862, - "end": 2867 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8406429886817932, - "start": 3090, - "end": 3095 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "violenec by disability and sex", - "confidence": 0.8457013368606567, - "start": 3311, - "end": 3316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "MEN", - "confidence": 0.8049250841140747, - "start": 3328, - "end": 3329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MENTAL DISABILITY", - "confidence": 0.6125998497009277, - "start": 3469, - "end": 3471 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n##### 5\n### RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\nRECOMMENDATION RESONSIBLE TIMELINE\n\n\n\nDevelop messages to advocate with national authorities for the enhanced respect of the\nsurvivor-centered approaches within law enforcement authorities and for lifting legal\nmandatory reporting requirements or provide more guidance to service providers for adult\nsurvivors of SGBV.\n\n\nConduct a study on the negative impact of mandatory reporting for an evidence based\nadvocacy.\n\n\nResearch on obstacles to seek help and delay in seeking help. Promote innovative communitybased approaches to disseminate information on availability of compassionate and confidential\nSGBV case management services and clinical management of rape services.\n\n\nStrengthen transportation options for survivors to seek help (for example cash for\ntransportation).\n\n\n\n**SGBV Actors** **Mid-year**\n\n\n**UNFPA** **End of the year**\n\n\n**SGBV Actors** **Mid-year**\n\n\n**GBV IMS TF members** **Ongoing**\n\n\n\nConduct an analysis of time laps in seeking help and the type of violence. **GBV IMS TF** **Mid year report**\n\n\n\nUpdate SGBV referral pathways per field location, through \u201cAmaali\u201d application. Conduct\nbriefings to other sectors to disseminate Amaali APP and IEC materials among staff and\nbeneficiaries.\n\n\nContinue to conduct ToT on SGBV safe referrals for non-specialized frontline workers\n(including refugee protection volunteers) and a cascade training including UN staff.\n\n\nUpdate the mapping of Clinical management of rape services and ensure inclusion in \u201cAmaali\u201d\napp as referral . Prioritize 24/7 coverage in MOH 3 referral hospitals.\n\n\nIncrease availability of SGBV services in underserved/remote areas (including case\nmanagement services), increase accessibility for non-Syrian refugees (including through\nincreased outreach), while maintaining level of engagement with Jordanian survivors. SGBV\nservices should be available to all nationalities.\n\n\nStrengthen collaboration with CBOs and organizations working with specific vulnerable\ngroups as LGBTI, sex workers to increase referral and access to services for support. Train GBV\nservice providers and other CBOs on LGBTI rights.\n\n\nIncrease tailored cash based interventions for SGBV survivors including interventions which\nsupport identification of safe accommodation in urban areas while covering the rent through\ncash, as alternative to institutionalized shelters (for survivors not facing imminent risks).\n\n\nIncrease access to livelihood activities (including by providing child care support as well as\nsupport to ensure safe transportation), to expand empowerment activities for women and\nother groups at risk of SGBV within existing SGBV programs.\n\n\nEnsuring security services are survivor centered and always same sex officers are dealing with\ncases. Moreover review the \u201cpledge\u201d system as is not an effective protection measure for\nwomen from IPV.\n\n\nBuild capacity of different security and legal stakeholders on attitudes beliefs and\nstigmatization and survivor-centred approach.\n\n\nEnhance programming involving social norms interventions such as \u201cGender Discussion\nGroups\u201d or support groups where spouses are sensitized about gender equality.\n\n\nReduce risks of sexual violence in identified risk areas. Conducting safety audit and advocating\nwith other sectors for risk mitigation measures.\n\n\nContinue campaigning on online sexual harassment including blackmailing and explore\ninnovative solutions for addressing online risks.\n\n\nTailor programming for unmarried adolescent girls and working on stigma. Tailor programming\nfor married adolescent girls on how to cope with family and violence and delay pregnancies.\n\n\nIncrease outreach for people with disabilities and build capacity of staff to deal with PWD.\nIncrease referrals to case management agencies from other protection actors.\n\n\nGBV is life saving supporting funding for case management and other empowerment activities\nthrough pool funds and support to Women Organizations.\n\n\nFund knowledge products on lessons learnt, good practices on what works to combat GBV and\nincrease inclusivity of services.\n\n\n\n**SGBV WG and field WG** **Ongoing**\n\n\n**SGBV WG national and** **By mid-year**\n**field**\n\n\n**RH working group** **Urgent**\n\n\n**SGBV actors (with** **Ongoing**\n**support from donors)**\n\n\n**SGBV Actors** **By the end of the**\n**year**\n\n\n**SGBV actors** **As soon as possible**\n\n\n**SGBV actors and** **Urgent**\n**livelihood WG**\n\n\n**Government** **As soon as possible**\n**stakeholders**\n\n\n**SGBV Actors/** **As soon as possible**\n**Government actors**\n\n\n**SGBV, protection actors** **As soon as possible**\n\n\n**SGBV WG and IOM** **By the end of the**\n**year**\n\n\n**SGBV actors and donors** **As soon as possible**\n\n\n**SGBV Actors** **As soon as possible**\n\n\n**SGBV Actors** **As soon as possible**\n\n\n**OCHA/Donors** **Ongoing**\n\n\n**Donors** **Ongoing**\n\n\n\nConsult with coordination group SGBV WG and GBV IMS taskforce on gaps and priorities. **Donors** **Ongoing**\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS TASK FORCE / ANNUAL REPORT 2019**\n\n\nDEVELOPED IN COORDINATION & COOPERARTION WITH\n\n\nCONTACT INFORMATION\n\n\n**GBV IMS TASK FORCE CO-CHAIRS**\n\n\n[Mays Zatari (zatari@unhcr.org)](mailto:zatari@unhcr.org)\n[Pamela Di Camillo (dicamillo@unfpa.org)](mailto:dicamillo@unfpa.org)\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69258750-b517-3cee-a42c-eb87888afcaa/75705.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_204/raw/doc_204_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_204/raw/doc_204_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6f2af6cdd6946b0c31902b9e8500d97d34bcc212..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_204/raw/doc_204_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "orchestr\u00e9es par les groupes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. Cette situation\na engendr\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de 10302 personnes.\n\n\nCes personnes sans ressources, peinent \u00e0 subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Aussi, une premi\u00e8re assistance\nest-elle apport\u00e9e en kit alimentaire et en kit de dignit\u00e9 aux Personnes \u00e0 Besoins Sp\u00e9cifiques.\nMars 2020, notamment le 9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par le premier cas\nd\u00e9clar\u00e9 au Burkina Faso de Coronavirus (COVID-19). Ainsi,\ntoutes les activit\u00e9s humanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ajust\u00e9es pour \u00e9viter\nque les acteurs humanitaires soient des vecteurs de la pand\u00e9mie\net pour inclure les mesures de pr\u00e9vention contre le COVID-19.\nC\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019au niveau de ICAHD, avec l\u2019appui de l\u2019UNHCR, une\nformation a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019attention des moniteurs au Centre\nNord.\n\n\n**\u25a0 R\u00e9gion du Centre Nord**\nAu cours du mois de mars 2020, plusieurs mouvements de populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s. 5516 personnes ont effectu\u00e9 des mouvements \u00e0 la suite de menaces prof\u00e9r\u00e9es par les groupes armes non\nidentifies. Des mouvements secondaires estim\u00e9s \u00e0 4786\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement observ\u00e9s. Le choix des localit\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil est li\u00e9 soit \u00e0 la distance (localit\u00e9 la plus proche jug\u00e9e\nsure), soit aux liens de parent\u00e9 avec la population ou \u00e0 la\npr\u00e9sence de l\u2019aide humanitaire\n\n\n**\u25a0 Dans la r\u00e9gion des Hauts-Bassins,** il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 un mouvement pendulaire pour des raisons agricoles entre le village de\nTiff\u00e9l\u00e9 (d\u00e9partement de Ouindigui) et Founzan.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 2 : carte des mouvements de populations vers la r\u00e9gion des Hauts-Bassins**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": ": (5) femmes viol\u00e9es, (1) explosion d\u2019engin improvis\u00e9, (13) bless\u00e9s, (12) enl\u00e8vements, (17) civil tu\u00e9s dans le\nCentre Nord. Ces incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019origine de plusieurs mouvements de populations vers Bouroum, Tougouri, Kaya, etc. (cf. figure 1) \u2026\n\n\n###### **Incidents de protection dans les zones sous couverture**\n\nLes activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection conduites au cours du mois de mars ont permis d\u2019identifier et documenter deux cent cinquante-sept (257) cas de protection, dont deux cent cinquante-quatre (254) au Centre-Nord (Barsalogho (35%), Dablo (39%), Kaya (12%), Kongoussi (9%), Pensa (4%) et trois (3) dans les\nHauts-Bassins (Banzon (33%), Samorogouan (67%), comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le tableau plus bas.\n\n###### **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\n**Trente (30)** incidents de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 au cours du mois. Cinq (5) cas de viols ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s lors\ndes entretiens individuels, trois (03) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis lors des attaques et deux (2) cas signal\u00e9s lorsque que\ndes femmes se sont retourn\u00e9es dans leur localit\u00e9 d\u2019origine \u00e0 la recherche de bois de chauffe ou de vivres\npour subvenir aux besoins alimentaires de leurs familles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris pour cible par les individus arm\u00e9s non\nidentifi\u00e9s. Ces femmes identifi\u00e9es ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une assistance m\u00e9dicale, d\u2019un accompagnement psychologique et d\u2019une assistance mat\u00e9rielle.\nEn outre, 1% des violations (mariage forc\u00e9, psychologique) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises par des membres de leur\nfamille. L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment explicatif de ces situations, serait les pesanteurs culturelles exacerb\u00e9es par un manque de\nmoyen de subsistance\n\n###### **Appui psychosocial**\n\nDurant le mois de mars, soixante un (61) cas de traumatisme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans les localit\u00e9s de\nBarsalogho, Kaya, Kongoussi et Tougouri dont 48 personnes ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un accompagnement\npsychosocial appropri\u00e9 \u00e0 travers des \u00e9coutes individuelles, et 13 cas ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un suivi. La plus part\ndes difficult\u00e9s psychologiques r\u00e9sulte d\u2019agressions physiques commises par les hommes arm\u00e9s non\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Violations de droits|Filles|Col3|Col4|Femmes|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Gar\u00e7ons|Col11|Hommes|Col13|Col14|Col15|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Agression sexuelle**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|**Coups et blessure**|0%|0%|0%|90%|90%|90%|90%||0%|0%||10%|10%|10%|**23**|\n|
**Enl\u00e8vement**|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|50|%|50|50|50|%|**2**|\n|**Dispariton forc\u00e9e**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Extorsion**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**4**|\n|**Incendie volontaire**|0%|0%|0%|70%|70%||||0%|0%|||30%|30%|**11**|\n|
**L\u00e9virat forc\u00e9**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**15**|\n|**Mariage forc\u00e9**|50|50|%|50|%|%|%|%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**4**|\n|
**Mariage forc\u00e9 d'un enfant**|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Mariage pr\u00e9coce**|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|**Menace**|0%|0%|0%|80%|80%|80%|||0%|0%||10%|10%|10%|**80**|\n|**Occupaton illicite des biens**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Prosttuton forc\u00e9e**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|**Torture**|0%|0%|0%|50|%|%|%|%|0%|0%|50|50|50|%|**4**|\n|**Viol**||20%|20%|80%|80%|80%|||0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**5**|\n|**Violence psychologique**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Violences psychiques**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**72**|\n|**Meutre**|0%|0%|0%|50|%|%|%|%|0%|0%|50|50|50|%|**2**|\n|**Traite**|0%|0%|0%|70%|70%||||0%|0%|||30%|30%|**3**|\n|**Assassinat**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**23**|\n|**Grossesse forc\u00e9e**|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Harc\u00e8lement sexuel**|0%|0%|0%|100%|100%|100%|100%|100%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|0%|**1**|\n|
**Total g\u00e9n\u00e9ral**|**9**|**9**|**9**|**224**|**224**|**224**|**224**|**224**|**3**|**3**|**21**|**21**|**21**|**21**|**257**|\n\n\nFigure 4 : R\u00e9partition des violations de droits par commune\n\n\n\nFigure 5 : R\u00e9partition des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs des cas de\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 6 : carte des violations de droits dans le Centre-Nord\n\n\ndeux cent cinquante-quatre (254) cas de protection, comme indiqu\u00e9 sur la carte ci-dessus.\nIl ressort de l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es que 90% des victimes sont des femmes, 8% des hommes, 1% filles et\n1% gar\u00e7on.\nSelon les informations recueillies, les hommes \u00e9tant principalement la cible des attaques, quittent les localit\u00e9s d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res menaces des groupes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s ou d\u00e8s les premiers retentissements des\ncoups de feu. Les femmes croyant \u00eatre \u00e9pargn\u00e9es et rest\u00e9es sur place, sont alors prises pour cibles par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. Quant aux auteurs de ces violations de droits, il convient de signaler que 89%\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s, 9% par des membres de famille, 1% par\ndes membres de la communaut\u00e9 et 1% par des inconnus.\n\n\nFigure 7 : carte des violations de droits dans les Hauts-Bassins\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Protection de l\u2019enfance**\n\nDeux cas de protection d\u2019enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion du\nCentre-Nord. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas de mariage d\u2019enfant enregistr\u00e9 dans la\ncommune de Kaya et un cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfant par les GANI \u00e0\nDablo.\nPar ailleurs, au cours du mois de mars, les moniteurs de protection\nont identifi\u00e9 cent-vingt-huit (128) enfants PDI pr\u00e9sentant des signes\nde malnutrition \u00e0 Dablo et Foub\u00e9. En effet, ces zones en plus d\u2019\u00eatre\ninaccessibles aux acteurs humanitaires, ont des march\u00e9s de moins\nen moins approvisionn\u00e9s en vivres. De plus, du fait de la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire plusieurs m\u00e9nages n\u2019ont pu effectuer de travaux\nchamp\u00eatres et ont \u00e9puis\u00e9 les r\u00e9serves de nourriture, d\u2019o\u00f9 la p\u00e9nurie\nde nourritures observ\u00e9es.\n\nLes populations, ne pouvant sortir de ces zones que lors des rel\u00e8vements militaires organis\u00e9s, ne peuvent\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement s\u2019approvisionner en vivres et offrir une alimentation de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs enfants.\nAussi, convient-il de signaler qu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour aucune formation sanitaire n\u2019est ouverte dans ces localit\u00e9s,\nrendant ainsi difficile la prise en charge de ces enfants malnutris.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|AGE
Localit\u00e9 Sexe Total
0 \u2013 2 3- 4|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Localit\u00e9**
**Sexe**
**AGE**
Total

**0 \u2013 2**
**3- 4**
|**Localit\u00e9**
**Sexe**
**AGE**
Total

**0 \u2013 2**
**3- 4**
|
**0 \u2013 2**|
**3- 4**|
**3- 4**|
|\n|**Dablo**|M|
10|
1|11|
**27**|\n|**Dablo**|
F|
16|
0|
16|
16|\n|**Foub\u00e9**|
M|
9|
40|
49|**101**|\n|**Foub\u00e9**|
F|
20|
32|
52|
52|\n|
**Total**|
**Total**|
55|
73|
**128**||\n\n\n##### **IV. PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES**\n\nAu cours de ce mois, 2428 PBS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es document\u00e9s. 1796 PBS dans le Centre Nord et 300\ndans les Hauts Bassins ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019assistance en termes d\u2019appui psychosocial, cash, kit de dignit\u00e9,\nkit pour nourrisson, assistance m\u00e9dicale, assistance juridique. Les types de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 assist\u00e9es sont\nles femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er, les femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nage, les femmes enceintes pr\u00e9sentant de\ngrandes vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s.\n\n\n##### **V. LOGEMENT, TERRE ET BIENS**\n###### **Situation de LTB dans la zone de d\u00e9placement et de retour**\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019abri constitue un d\u00e9fi majeur dans toutes les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil des PDI couvertes par le monitoring. Au Centre-Nord, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 Dablo, Foub\u00e9, Pensa et Namissigma, les PDI vivent dans des\nmaisons de fortune ou sont contraintes de vivre \u00e0 plus de 30 personnes dans les maisons d\u2019une pi\u00e8ce. Par\nailleurs les probl\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es au logement et \u00e0 la terre dans les Hauts Bassins sont la surpopulation, la\npromiscuit\u00e9 ou l\u2019absence d\u2019abris en famille d\u2019accueil ; le manque ou l\u2019insuffisance d\u2019abris d\u2019urgence, la\npr\u00e9carit\u00e9/fragilit\u00e9 et la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 des abris construits par les PDI sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, l\u2019absence de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e imminente de la saison des pluies, la question de l\u2019abri\nad\u00e9quat pour les PDI est encore plus pressante tant dans les zones du\nCentre-Nord susmentionn\u00e9es que dans les Hauts-Bassins (Karangasso Vigu\u00e9 (Poya, Pi\u00e9r\u00e9) et Hound\u00e9 (Sinfra, Karma, N\u2019gana, Djigouan).\n\n\nLa situation de la terre reste complexe et enti\u00e8re dans les zones d\u2019accueil. Les PDI, pour la plupart agriculteurs, restent confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la situation d\u2019insuffisance de terres arables et au scepticisme de certaines\ncommunaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes face \u00e0 d\u2019\u00e9ventuels conflits qui pourraient naitre si\nla terre \u00e9tait c\u00e9d\u00e9e. D\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de b\u00e2tir ou de consolider une coexistence pacifique forte entre PDI et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et de les former\nsur la r\u00e9silience communautaire ou collective.\n\n\n - En collaboration avec le HCR \u00e0 Bobo-Dioulasso, la situation est\npr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 la coordination humanitaire pour des actions urgentes\navant la saison des pluies.\n\n###### **Etat de droit**\n\nEn dehors des localit\u00e9s dont l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 est difficile du fait de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Dablo, Foub\u00e9, Pensa, Bouroum),\nles autorit\u00e9s administratives et FDS sont pr\u00e9sentes dans la majorit\u00e9 des autres localit\u00e9s couvertes par le\nmonitoring. Les services de d\u00e9livrance de la documentation et ceux de la justice fonctionnent toujours.\nCependant, bon nombre de PDI ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 se procurer l\u2019ensemble des documents du fait du\nd\u00e9placement et des contraintes de comp\u00e9tences territoriales qui n\u2019autorisent pas un pr\u00e9fet \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des jugements suppl\u00e9tifs d\u2019acte de naissance \u00e0 des personnes n\u2019\u00e9tant pas n\u00e9es dans son ressort territorial. En outre,\nl\u2019ignorance des proc\u00e9dures en la mati\u00e8re, le manque d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et de ressources des PDI sont \u00e9galement un\nfrein \u00e0 l\u2019acquisition de documents. Des plaidoyers pour la mise en place de dispositifs/proc\u00e9dures palliatifs\npar l\u2019Etat burkinab\u00e8 sont plus que n\u00e9cessaires et urgents.\n##### **VI. PROTECTION A BASE COMMUNAUTAIRE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VIII. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaines|Recommandations|Acteurs|Niveau
d\u2019urgence|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**
**alimentaire**|Enregistrer et offrir une assistance en vivres aux
nouveaux PDI de Kaya, Bouroum, Tougouri,
Boulsa et Yalgo (cf. figures 1 et 2)
|CONASUR,
PAM|
Urgent|\n|**Abris & AME**
|
Distribuer des kits abris et AME aux nouveaux
m\u00e9nages de Kaya, Bouroum, Tougouri, Boulsa
et Yalgo (cf. figures 1 et 2)
|UNHCR|Urgent|\n|**Sant\u00e9 &**
**nutrition**|
Apporter une assistance urgente aux enfants
souffrant de malnutrition \u00e0 Foub\u00e9 et Dablo
|UNICEF
|Urgent|\n|
**Protection**
|
Organiser des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation sur la
pr\u00e9vention des VBG, la cohabitation pacifique
sur tous les sites d\u2019accueil des PDI
|Tous les acteurs
intervenant dans
la protection
|Permanent|\n|
**Protection**
|
Poursuivre la prise en charge psychosociale
et/ou m\u00e9dicale de tous les cas d\u2019incidents de
protection identifi\u00e9s.
|
ICAHD-
International,
UNHCR|Permanent
|\n|
**Protection**
|
Doter les survivantes de VBG en AGR et former
les
communaut\u00e9s
\u00e0
la
r\u00e9silience
communautaire
|
Etat et
partenaires|Permanent
|\n|
**Protection**
|
Renforcer le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de
protection dans les grandes localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil
des PDI|UNHCR|Permanent|\n\n\n## 8 Mars 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Annexe 1 : situation des acteurs humanitaires**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Commune|Acteurs|Abris|Alimentaire|(NFI) Appui gesto i n du site|Artc i les non alimentaires|Assistance l\u00e9gale|Assistance m\u00e9dicale|Eau|Educato i n|Enr\u00f4lement pour assistance|Logement, Terre et Biens|Monitoring de protecto i n|Moyens de subsistance|Nutrito i n|R\u00e9unificato i n familiale|l' f Sanitaire|Services de protecto i n de|Services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s pour la protecto i n l\u00e9gale et physique|Services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s pour personnes vivant avec|Services VBG|Soute i n a la d\u00e9livrance des documents d'identt i \u00e9|Soute i n financier|Soute i n psychosocial|IEC/CCC|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Barsalogho**|Acton sociale|||||||||1|||||1||1||||||||**3 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Adi/ws|
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1|
**1 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Alima|
|
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1|
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1|
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**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
ASOVOS|
|
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1|
1|
**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
ATAD|
|
|
1|
1|
|
|
1|
|
1|
|
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|
1|
|
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**5 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Commissariat|
|
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1|
|
|
1|
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**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
DRC|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
1|
1|
|
|
|
1|
|
1|
1|
|
|
1|
|
**8 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
ES/BF|
|
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1|
**1 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
\u00c9VEIL CLUB DE DJIBO|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
1|
|
|
1|
|
**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR|
1|
|
1|
1|
1|
1|
|
|
|
1|
1|
|
|
1|
|
1|
|
|
1|
|
|
1|
1|
**12**|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Mairie|1|1|1||1|||1|1|1||||||1||||1|1|||**10**|\n|**Barsalogho**|
MFS|
|
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|
1|
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|
1|
|
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**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
OCADES/CARITAS|
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|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
**2 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Pr\u00e9fecture|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
**4 **|\n|**Barsalogho**|
Brigade territoriale de
Gendarmerie|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
**4 **|\n|**Dablo**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR|1||1|1|1|1||||1|1|||1||1|||1|||1|1|**12**|\n|**Foub\u00e9**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR
|1
|
|1
|1
|1
|1
|
|
|
|1
|1
|
|
|1
|
|1
|
|
|1
|
|
|1
|1
|**12**
|\n|**Foub\u00e9**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR
|1
|
|1
|1
|1
|1
|
|
|
|1
|1
|
|
|1
|
|1
|
|
|1
|
|
|1
|1
||\n|**Kongoussi**|
~~Acton sociale~~|||||~~1 ~~||||~~1 ~~|||||~~1 ~~||~~1 ~~||||||~~1 ~~||~~**5 **~~|\n|**Kongoussi**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR|
1|
|
1|
1|
1|
1|
|
|
|
1|
1|
|
|
1|
|
1|
|
|
1|
|
|
1|
1|
**12**|\n|**Kongoussi**|
Save the children||||||1||1|||||1|||1||||||1||**5 **|\n|**Kongoussi**|
Welt hunger hilfe|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**3 **|\n|**Kongoussi**|
Solidarit\u00e9
Internatonale (SI)|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**2 **|\n|**Kongoussi**|
Croix-Rouge burkinab\u00e9||||1||1|||||1|||1|||||||1|2||**7 **|\n|**Pensa**|
Acton sociale|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
**1 **|\n|**Pensa**|
Alima|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**1 **|\n|**Pensa**|
Children be live|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**1 **|\n|**Pensa**|
ICAHD Internatonal -
UNHCR|
1|
|
1|
1|
1|
1|
|
|
|
1|
1|
|
|
1|
|
1|
|
|
1|
|
|
1|
1|
**12**|\n|**Pensa**|
Pr\u00e9fecture||||||||||||||||||||1||||**1 **|\n|**Pensa**|
Brigade territoriale de
Gendarmerie|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**1 **|\n|
**Total**
|
**Total**
|**7 **|**2 **|**7 **|**8 **|**9 **|**8 **|**3 **|**2 **|**6 **|**7 **|**8 **|**2 **|**2 **|**9 **|**2 **|**13**|**1 **|**1 **|**9 **|**4 **|**2 **|**14**|**9**|** 135**|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Annexe 2 : situation des cas assist\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Localit\u00e9s|Types de cas|Nombre
de cas|Auteurs|Assistance|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Localit\u00e9s**|**Types de cas**|**Nombre**
**de cas**|**Auteurs**|
**Accompagnement**
**psychologique**|**Suivi**|\n|Kaya|Agressions physiques|10|
Groupes
arm\u00e9s
non
ident\ufb01\u00e9s|
5|5|\n|Kaya|
T\u00e9moins de tuerie|
8|
8|
4|
4|\n|Kaya|
D\u00e9ni de ressources|
2|
2|
2|
|\n|Kaya|
Mariage forc\u00e9|
1|Membres
de la famille|
1|
|\n|Kaya|
Femme che\ufb00e de m\u00e9nage car le mari pr\u00e9sente une d\u00e9compensaton psychiatrique suite \u00e0 la crise|

1|Groupes
arm\u00e9s
non
ident\ufb01\u00e9s

|
1|
|\n|Kaya|Bless\u00e9 par balle|1|1||1|\n|Barsalogho|
T\u00e9moins de tuerie|
5|
5|
4|
1|\n|Barsalogho|
Une veuve des suites du meurtre de son conjoint|
1|
1|
1|
|\n|Barsalogho|
Femme ayant \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 une agression sexuelle|
5|
5|
5|
|\n|Barsalogho|
Bless\u00e9 par balle|
1|
1|
|
1|\n|Barsalogho|
Femme che\ufb00e de m\u00e9nage car le mari pr\u00e9sente une d\u00e9compensaton psychiatrique suite \u00e0 la crise|

1|

1|
1|
|\n|Barsalogho|
Agression physique|

1|

1|
1|
|\n|Barsalogho|
Victme de viol|
4|
4|
3|
1|\n|Tougouri|
T\u00e9moins de tuerie|
5|
5|
5|
|\n|Tougouri|
Fils assassin\u00e9|
1|
1|
1|
|\n|Kongoussi|
T\u00e9moin de l\u2019assassinat de son mari|
2|
2|
2|
|\n|Kongoussi|T\u00e9moin de l\u2019assassinat de son \ufb01ls|1|1|1||\n|Kongoussi|
T\u00e9moin de tuerie|
2|
2|
2|
|\n|Kongoussi|Agression physique|6|6|6||\n|Kongoussi|
Victme d\u2019enl\u00e8vement|
1|
1|
1|
|\n|Kongoussi|
D\u00e9ni de ressource, abandonn\u00e9e par son conjoint, mendie avec ses jumeaux de trois (3) pour
subvenir \u00e0 ces besoins|
1|
1|
1|
|\n|Kongoussi|
Enfant de 15 ans ayant \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 un assassinat et t\u00e9moin de l\u2019ex\u00e9cuton de son grand-p\u00e8re|1|1|1||\n|
**Total**
|
**Total**
|
**61**|
**61**|
**48**|
**13**|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29d34b48-e380-38e8-b208-32edb13e0e21/75915.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_205/raw/doc_205_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_205/raw/doc_205_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f93061ca0f7c97696ecc0b1e8c3cda3aee73f1ad..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_205/raw/doc_205_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Issue-Based Coalition (Europe and Central Asia) on**\n### **Large Movements of People, Displacement and Resilience**\n\n\n### **Key Messages and Advocacy Points**\n\n\n### **on the COVID-19 outbreak.**\n\n\n\n**04 May 2020, Issue no. 1**\n\n## **KEY FACTS AND FIGURES**\n\n\n - The region hosts **11.4M persons of concern to the IBC** **[1]** including 7M refugees, 2.5M internally displaced persons (IDPs),\n\nover 1.3M asylum-seekers and returnees, and 605,000 stateless persons.\n\n - In addition, Europe and Central Asia are home to **143.4M international migrants** - including 24.M who are children or\n\nyouth - representing 57% of the world's 271.6M international migrants. [2] The proportion of migrants relative to the\noverall population within the region (11.7%) is more than three times the world\u2019s average (3.5%).\n\n - The region is also a major sender and recipient of international remittances which reached $689Bn in globally in 2019,\n\ngreatly surpassing official development assistance and, for many countries, foreign direct investment, and underscoring\nthe salience of **international migration as a driver of economic development.**\n\n - As we jointly assess the public health, social and economic impacts of COVID-19, **asylum seekers, hosting communities,**\n\n**IDPs, migrants, refugees and stateless people (hereafter \u201cthe IBC\u2019s target population\u201d) must be considered an**\n**essential part of the response and solution to the pandemic,** both in addressing their specific vulnerabilities as well as\nleveraging their critical role as actors who may contribute to a sustainable recovery.\n\n## **COVID-19 IMPACT ON POPULATIONS ON THE MOVE**\n\n\nThe prevailing COVID-19 pandemic is \u201cnot only a health crisis but a human crisis; a jobs crisis; a humanitarian crisis and a\ndevelopment crisis\u201d [3] . It has also an unprecedented impact on human mobility both in terms of migration management\nand access to asylum and has the potential to significantly undermine progress made towards the Sustainable\nDevelopment Goals (SDGs). The increasingly **restrictive government measures** to control the spread of the coronavirus\nare impacting everyone, including the target population of this IBC. Irregular immigration status and missing documents,\nlimited access to information and social support networks, discrimination and xenophobia are all factors that may\ncompound the shock and increase the vulnerability of the IBC\u2019s target population during the pandemic. The commitment\nmade in the 2030 Agenda to **\u2018leave no one behind\u2019 and to \u2018reach the furthest behind first\u2019** demands that asylum seekers,\nIDPs, migrants, refugees, returnees and stateless people and are included in the responses to this crisis.\n\n - **High-density living conditions** **increase the risk of transmission of COVID-19** in camps/camp-like setting, informal\n\nsettlements, such as urban slums with poor sanitation, and overstretched or inaccessible health services, where social\ndistancing and needed sanitation standards are almost impossible. **Inadequate housing** increases the incidence of\nrespiratory diseases, which exacerbates the impact and vulnerability of residents to contract serious and fatal cases of\nCOVID-19. With a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), medicines and other supplies, this target\ngroup is at considerable risk of being side-lined as other groups are prioritized.\n\n - As a result of the crisis, many migrants **may be pushed into vulnerable or exploitative situations.** Referral pathways \u2013\n\nsuch as those for victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and vulnerable children \u2013 are likely to face\ndisruptions, leading to interruptions in case identification, referral and protection processes, resulting in immediate\nprotection gaps for migrants in vulnerable situations who go unidentified and/or unassisted. Finally, unprecedented\ntravel restrictions have resulted in significant numbers of stranded migrants with limited access to livelihoods and are\nbecoming increasingly destitute. Migrant workers, international students, and their families are also affected by such\nmeasures.\n\n - Most countries have taken **specific border management measures to prevent the further spread of COVID-19, such as**\n\n**temporary entry bans** (at times only for certain nationalities or from specific destinations) or border closures. However,\n\n\n1 This IBC was established in 2016, following the regional UN System meeting for Europe and Central Asia in Geneva on 11-12 May 2016, considering the increasing political, operational and\nsocietal implications of displacements and migration in Europe and Central Asia. It serves as a platform to support country operations in responding to the situation of refugees, migrants and\nhost communities and works in close coordination with existing and relevant mechanisms (e.g. IBCs, the Global Network on Migration, the Global Refugee Forum and other developmentrelated platforms etc.) Since 2020, the IBC also assumes the functions of a regional UN Network on Migration and will support actions to assist Member States in implementing the GCM at the\n[country and regional levels in alignment with the UN Development System. More information can be found here.](https://www.unece.org/runcwelcome/issue-based-coalitions/large-movements-of-people.html)\n2 Source: [UN DESA, Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2019 Revision Migrants by Age and Sex. United Nations, New York, 2019.](https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates19.asp) For more data, please visit\n[https://migrationdataportal.org/?i=stock_abs_&t=2019](https://migrationdataportal.org/?i=stock_abs_&t=2019) [and https://www.unhcr.org/data.html.](https://www.unhcr.org/data.html)\n3 A new normal: UN lays out roadmap to lift economies and save jobs after COVID-19, United Nations Press Release, 27 April 2020.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "promisingly, 60% of states in the region with restrictions continue to exempt persons seeking international protection\nfrom restrictive measures.\n\n - **Limitations on access to registration, documentation, services for the preventions and response to sexual and gender-**\n\n**based violence (SGBV), and other essential protection services also pose risks for this IBC\u2019s target population** . The\nuse of immigrant detention and restrictions on freedom of movement that disproportionately affect refugees, asylum\nseekers and migrants also present particular protection risks at this time. From previous experience, we can anticipate\nchild protection and SGBV risks will increase as confinement measures are in place and, in some cases, survivors are\nforced to be confined with their perpetrator or abuser, while vulnerable populations slide into poverty and children\nremain out of school.\n\n - **Remittances represent over 10% of GDP for 30 countries in the world, and over 5% an additional 27 countries.** An\n\nexpected decline of 20% in remittances in 2020 due to COVID-19 represents a loss of $109BN for developing countries.\nSmaller countries with high levels of emigration will be more impacted. However severe this global figure may seem, it\nmasks the real vulnerabilities of countries, communities and families that are reliant on remittances. In this region,\nArmenia, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are among the world\u2019s top ten remittance dependent countries. Across the region,\nsignificant proportions of children are left behind by one or two parents, often in kinship care, more vulnerable to the\nloss of remittances.\n\n - Recognising that vulnerable, marginalised groups are experiencing **increased limitations on access to** **a safe and**\n\n**healthy environment**, UNCTs are called to advocate for continued recognition of the right to a safe and healthy\nenvironment, particularly for vulnerable groups and children during the current COVID-19 crisis and in a post-pandemic\ncontext.\n\n - **Many countries in this region** **rely heavily on migration** . **While current efforts are focused on preparedness and**\n\n**response to COVID-19**, it is critical to keep the need for medium and long-term recovery in mind. This includes an\napproach that incorporates elements of social cohesion in larger countries such as the Russian Federation which has\nover 10M emigrants and relies on over 10M immigrants, to smaller countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria\nand Portugal with large shares of their populations living abroad.\n\n - It is crucial that **both the needs and the roles of migrants and refugees** **are duly addressed also in recovery initiatives.**\n\n## **RECOMMENDATIONS TO RESIDENT COORDINATORS AND UN COUNTRY TEAMS**\n\n\n**1.** **On \u2018leave no one behind\u2019 and to \u2018reach the furthest behind first\u2019**, this IBC LMPDR:\n\n - _Recognizes_ that mitigating COVID-19 risks must remain a priority; reiterates the need for **inclusive approaches** in\n\nCOVID-19 responses and calls on all actors to ensure the particular needs and vulnerabilities of this IBC\u2019s target\npopulation, **regardless of their status**, are taken into consideration, prioritized and responded to in line with\n**international obligations and standards** (and the principle of **Universal Health Coverage** ) [4] .\n\n - _Invites_ UNCTs to advocate with host States, development actors, IFIs, and others for the inclusion of these populations\n\nin COVID-19 national response plans, emphasizing the need for continuity of ongoing health and other essential\nprogrammes to inter alia avoid harmful public health consequences, minimize socio-economic hardship, and reduce\npublic health risk. This IBC target population is particularly vulnerable and as such should be considered as an integral\npart of any effective public health response.\n\n - _Reiterates_ the importance of **listening** to migrant and refugee voices, including women, children and youth, for an\n\ninclusive _approach_ .\n\n - _Recalls_ the **guiding principles** on inclusion of this IBC\u2019s target population in all COVID-19 plans:\n\n - Enjoyment of and indiscriminate access to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health;\n\n - People-centred, including refugees and migrants, and gender as well as age-sensitive health systems;\n\n - Whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches and partnership;\n\n - Support (in)formal refugee and migrant networks to deliver information and services also to host community;\n\n - Support governments in developing responses that are inclusive of the needs of this IBC\u2019s target population;\n\n - Policy and program interventions that addresses the developmental COVID-19 impacts and maintaining the progress towards\n\nthe SDGs, i.e. livelihoods, employment, access to basic services, social protection, fiscal stimulus packages and cash transfer\nschemes;\n\n - Cooperative migration policies to avoid increases in number and vulnerability those trying to cross borders.\n\n_**Example on inclusion and livelihood**_ _: Several states have adopted (or publicized existing) measures to train or allow qualified refugees to_\n\n\n4 The concept of UHC has been increasingly recognized in international fora since WHO published the World health report 2010, entitled Health systems financing: the path to universal\ncoverage. These include the Mexico City Political Declaration on Universal Health Coverage adopted in April 2012, the Bangkok Statement on Universal Health Coverage in January 2012, and\n[the Tunis Declaration on Value for Money, Sustainability and Accountability in the Health Sector, adopted in July 2012. UNGA The resolution 67/81 of the UNGA calls on Member States to](https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/81)\nadopt a multisectoral approach and to work on the social, environmental and economic determinants of health to reduce inequities and enable sustainable development.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_perform certain public health functions (e.g. Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain and the UK)._\n_[Employment opportunities in sectors such as agribusiness (e.g. Germany and France), delivery and logistics may emerge as a result of COVID-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomigrants.net%2Fen%2Fpost%2F23713%2Fover-150-000-refugees-could-work-on-farms-to-fill-labor-gap-german-government&data=02%7C01%7Cdiazno%40unhcr.org%7C8252ea8a787748955b5008d7d6f1482a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637214204098350731&sdata=ERItICnc9TyP%2B%2BVSECyO6XKcZ1H8jWWjZh9%2Bth6mV%2Fs%3D&reserved=0)_\n_19._ _**These opportunities can be positive developments but can also carry significant, additional protection risks**_ _, thereby requiring a careful_\n_consideration of the unique national public health contexts when determining any advocacy or information outreach strategies regarding new_\n_labour market opening._\n\n- _Urges_ treatment of **waste management**, including of medical, household and other hazardous waste, as an urgent and\n\nessential public service to minimise possible secondary impacts upon health and the environment\u201d. [5]\n\n- _Highlights_ that **children and youth** **(of this IBC\u2019s target population)** may be in a situation of double vulnerability due to\n\ntheir intersectional identity as children and as asylum seekers, IDPs, migrants, refugees or stateless people.\nUnaccompanied and separated children are in an even more vulnerable situation as they do not have the protection\nand care of their parents. [6]\n\n- _Iterates_ the need for Continued advocacy for **access to continuity of care** (beyond health) for those vulnerable\n\npersons among the IBC\u2019s target population, specifically for those who are unaccompanied and separated children and\nvictims of trafficking.\n\n\n**2.** **On** **Access to health**, this IBC LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Advocates_ for **Universal Health Coverage (UHC)** in line with the United Nations 2030 Agenda and guided by the Global\n\nAction Plan on Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants. The principle of **leaving no one behind** calls on all actors\nto **eliminate any barriers** to ensure that all, in regular or irregular situations and regardless of their status, language\nand cultural differences, can access health services, without fear of discrimination, stigma, arrest or deportation,\nadministrative hurdles, high costs and an inability to affiliate with local health-financing schemes.\n\n- _Prioritizes_ adequate emergency accommodation capacity allowing for safe physical distancing. Wherever possible, and\n\nin situations where camps/transit centers are already set up, **health services should be made available in**\n**centres/camps** to minimise risks.\n\n- _Calls_ for stepping up the response **to support host Governments** in places where the health system has limited or\n\nstrained capacity. In countries where agencies represented in this IBC are operationally present, they can support\ncontinued delivery of services by establishing and furnishing screening and isolation medical units, etc.\n\n- _Reminds_ of resources available through this [IBC platform](https://www.unece.org/runcwelcome/issue-based-coalitions/large-movements-of-people.html.) [7] for **guidance** on readiness, preparedness, and response\n\nmeasures specific to this target population\u2019s situations and settings.\n\n\n**3.** **On Border closures**, entry bans and detention, IBC LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Reminds_ of the existing **[Health, Border, and Mobility Management framework](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/DMM/IBM/updated/Health_and_Humanitarian_Border_Management.pdf)** which links an understanding of\n\npopulation mobility with disease surveillance and provides a platform to develop country-specific and multi-country\ninterventions, emphasizing health system strengthening along mobility corridors in line with the 2005 International\nHealth Regulations (IHR).\n\n- _Urges_ **UNCTs to advocate for access to territory and to asylum procedures** in coordination with UNHCR [8], calling on\n\nGovernments to ensure that legitimate travel restrictions do not limit access to territory for persons seeking\ninternational protection and may result in push-backs that exposes them to danger. Denial of access to the territory\nwithout safeguards to protect against refoulement, or the **systematic use of detention** against individuals or groups of\nasylum-seekers or refugees, cannot be justified on the grounds of any health risk. Instead, medical checks and proper\nmanagement of potentially ill individuals (be they travellers, migrants or refugees) should be in line with international\nguidance and applied at borders, transit sites and detention centres.\n\n- _Advocates_ that **laws and regulations are adjusted** to consider the changed global environment. Immigration detention\n\nand restrictions on freedom of movement should be prevented, and protection services extended to the IBC\u2019s target\npopulation.\n\n- _Highlights_ the issue of gender, which cuts across interventions, given the differentiated impact of COVID-19 in this\n\nregard as **gender-based inequality and discrimination** compounds vulnerability.\n\n- _Highlights_ that **exceptional measures** introduced for example at borders, transit, and reception centres should be lifted\n\nonce the public health risks are addressed.\n\n\n5 For more information, please see resources.\n6 For more information, please see resources.\n[7 For additional support, please contact the IBC co-chairs : Olaf Juergensen (olaf.juergensen@undp.org), Florent Marty (marty@unhcr.org), Amr Taha (Taha@iom.int).](mailto:olaf.juergensen@undp.org)\n8 Please see resources listed below\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **On Right to seek asylum**, this IBC on LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Recalls_ that State **can and should ensure access to asylum** while also protecting public health. States have a\n\nresponsibility to protect public health and may temporarily close their borders to limit COVID-19 transmission, provided\nthat any such measure is non-discriminatory, necessary, proportionate and reasonable in all the circumstances. Asylum\nseekers **also have a right to seek international protection** at those borders and **should not be returned** - either directly\nor indirectly \u2013 to a country where they may face persecution or danger [9] .\n_Example: In Portugal, all migrants and asylum-seekers will be treated as permanent residents until at least 1 July 2020 to ensure access to services_\n\n- _Advocates_ for **access to registration** for new asylum-seekers or extension of expiring documentation of asylum\nseekers/refugees through digital/remote modalities, identifying temporary solutions for stranded individuals including\nunaccompanied children, visa or other temporary permit holders, and to facilitate access to healthcare where not\nalready guaranteed.\n_Example: Remote interview modalities by video conference; asylum-seekers have the possibility to submit online applications for asylum, appeals_\n_and/or documentation (e.g. Malta and Azerbaijan)._\n\n\n**5.** **On Return,** this IBC on LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Advocates_ for a careful consideration of the situation of individuals with vulnerable profiles or who belong to a high\n\nrisk group when deciding on their return to countries that are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have\nweak health systems in light of relevant human rights considerations (in particular Article 3 ECHR).\n\n- _Advocates_ for more commitment from Countries of Origin **to** **facilitate voluntary and non-voluntary (in case of**\n\n**rejected asylum-seekers) returns of their nationals** and for hosting countries to simplify exit procedures through a\nsingle authority.\n\n- _Advocates_ for **more funding to be made available for reintegration packages** and for return/reintegration monitoring\n\narrangements.\n\n- _Advocates_ for **strengthened international efforts to unblock obstacles to non-voluntary returns** of persons not in\n\nneed of international protection, coupled with support to countries of origin for any required quarantine/health\nchecks upon reception of the returnees.\n\n\n**6.** **On Use of Remittances for Increasing Resilience**, this IBC on LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Advocates_ for programmes and systems that are designed to facilitate and incentivize continued remittance flows. This\n\ncan include reducing or eliminating the cost of sending remittances or incentivizing the use of remittances through\nmatching-grant programmes at the individual or community level. Other examples include facilitating access to\n(matching) credit and grant programmes incentivizing returnees to invest in productive sectors (e.g. business start-ups,\ngreen works, energy- technologies) in turn stimulating local economic and labour market activity. Such programmes\nmay offer an opportunity for initiating a transformational and green recovery with the creation of green jobs in\ncommunities of origin. It is essential that these programmes remain open to all communities to avert any tensions and\nare based on micro-level socio-economic impact assessments on COVID-19 and people on the move.\n\n\n**7.** **On Access to accurate information without stigmatization**, this IBC on LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Urges_ for all refugees and migrants, in regular or irregular situations, as well as stateless persons and IDPs, to **have**\n\n**access to health information, testing, treatment and care, in a non-discriminatory manner**, so that response teams\ncan include them in contact tracing and community interventions. Access to such information should be made available\nto all through translation into the needed languages, include culturally and age appropriate recommendations and\ntreatment modalities and take into consideration the information needs of children, older persons and persons with\ndisabilities (for example through visual media, easy to read leaflets etc.). Based on previous experience, **the provision**\n**of mental health and psychosocial support to affected communities is critical,** in particular for persons in\nisolation/quarantine and persons with specific needs, such as children.\n_Example : Meeting the information and communication needs of refugees, asylum seekers and others affected by COVID-19 already takes various_\n_shapes, such as translating WHO and Governments\u2019 official health advisories into different languages for distribution in all reception and pre-_\n_removal facilities (Italy), and supporting access to relevant information, including through community volunteers (Malta), hotlines (Turkey) and_\n_new technologies and online platforms (Austria, France and Italy)._\n\n- _Invites_ UNCTs to leverage **community networks** to communicate public health information in culturally appropriate,\n\ngender- and age-sensitive ways \u2013 including publication/translation of material, hotlines, and digital platforms.\n\n\n9 The principle of non-refoulement is one of the most widely recognized norms of customary international law and is reflected in the 1951 Refugee Convention and other international\ninstruments.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Example: IOM, UNICEF and UNHCR are supporting government efforts in most operations, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Italy, North_\n_Macedonia, and more._\n\n- _Stands ready_ to **support the strengthening of local government capacity** to collect information, plan, budget and\n\ndeliver essential services to the population in an inclusive manner, including this IBC\u2019s target population.\n\n- _Remains_ **concerned about the spread of misinformation and the use of stigmatizing narratives**, as they can keep\n\npeople from coming forward with symptoms, which in turn can hamper the provision of adequate care or for contact\ntracing and derail efforts to reduce further transmission. It is particularly important that all authorities make every\neffort to confront xenophobia, including where this IBC\u2019s target population is subject to discrimination. COVID-19 does\nnot discriminate, nor should our response, if it is to succeed.\n\n- _Encourages_ governments to implement **education strategies** for continued learning for all children - including those of\n\nthe IBC target population - and make schools safe, healthy, and inclusive environments. Where schools have not closed,\nthey are an important platform to provide information to all children and their parents. However, alternatives also need\nto be considered to reach children as they often make up a large part of the out-of-school child population. Often poor,\nchildren of this IBC\u2019s target population depend on school lunches and other services being provided at schools which\nneed to be substituted during the locked down.\n\n\n**8.** **On Diaspora**, this IBC on LMPDR:\n\n\n- _Notes_ the important support diaspora communities can provide in healthcare -and other sectors- in the COVID-19\n\nresponse both in supporting fellow migrants in the country of destination as well as in providing support and\ncontributing to the healthcare and socio-economic response in countries of origin.\n_Example: Using onomastic analysis IOM identified an Armenian-American radiologist able to deliver online training to radiologists in Yerevan to_\n_better prepare healthcare professionals in Armenia to respond to COVID-19. Similar initiatives can be systematized in other sectors and scaled_\n_across countries of origin._ _[10]_\n\n\n[10 More information can be found here.](https://rovienna.iom.int/news/armenian-medics-battle-covid-19-cyberspace)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **RESOURCES**\n\n**[The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration](https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/73/195)** is a framework which expresses the determination of States\n\nto make an important contribution to enhance cooperation on international migration in all its dimensions in a holistic\nand comprehensive manner. It is a non-binding document that respects states\u2019 sovereign right and rests on the\npurposes and principles of the UN Charter as well as the 2030 Agenda for sustainable Development. to determine who\nenters and stays in their territory and demonstrates commitment to international cooperation on migration.\n\n**[The Global Compact on Refugees](https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html)** is a framework for more predictable and equitable responsibility-sharing, recognizing\n\nthat a sustainable solution to refugee situations cannot be achieved without international cooperation. It provides a\nblueprint for governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure that host communities get\nthe support they need and that refugees can lead productive lives.\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n - [UNHCR data portal on COVID-19.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/covid-19)\n\n - [Key Legal Considerations on access to territory for persons in need of international protection in the context of the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e7132834.html)\n\n[COVID-19 response, 16 March 2020.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e7132834.html)\n\n - [Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75453)\n\n[Pandemic, UNHCR/Regional Bureau for Europe, 9 April 2020.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75453)\n\n - [Age, Gender and Diversity Considerations \u2013 COVID-19,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e84a9dd4.html) 21 March 2020.\n\n - [Covid-19 Updates for countries with active Protection Cluster, Sector or Working Group, 30 April 2020.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/covid-19/)\n\n**IOM**\n\n - [The Health, Border and Mobility Management Framework (HBMM) links an understanding of population mobility with](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/DMM/IBM/updated/Health_and_Humanitarian_Border_Management.pdf)\n\ndisease surveillance and provides a platform to develop country-specific and multi-country interventions emphasizing\nhealth system strengthening along mobility corridors in line with the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR).\n\n - [COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots](https://www.iom.int/migration-research/covid-19-analytical-snapshot) are designed to capture the latest information and analysis in a fast-moving\n\nenvironment.\n[Topics will be repeated from time to time as analysis develops. E.g. COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot #16: International](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19_analytical_snapshot_16_-_international_remittances.pdf)\n[Remittances, April 2020;](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19_analytical_snapshot_16_-_international_remittances.pdf) [COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot #17: Impacts on migrant children and youth, April 2020.](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19_analytical_snapshot_17_impacts_on_migrant_children_and_youth.pdf)\n\n**UNDP**\n\n - [UNDP COVID19 Integrated Response, 2020.](https://www.undp.org/content/dam/denmark/docs/COVID-19%20Response%20Plan.pdf)\n\n**UNEP**\n\n - [Guidance on waste Management: Compendium of Technologies for Treatment/Destruction of Healthcare Waste, 2012](https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8628)\n\n - [Waste management an essential public service in the fight to beat COVID-19, 2020.](http://www.basel.int/Implementation/PublicAwareness/PressReleases/WastemanagementandCOVID19/tabid/8376/Default.aspx)\n\n - [UNEP/OCHA Joint Environment Unit (JEU): Integration of climate, habitat and environmental sustainability dimensions](https://www.unocha.org/themes/environmental-dimensions-emergencies)\n\nwithin humanitarian and health response.\n\n - [The Environmental Emergencies Centre (EEC): Provides information and guidance on COVID-19 and its humanitarian](https://www.eecentre.org/)\n\nand environmental impacts.\n\n**[The Issue-Based Coalition on Large Movements of People, Displacement and Resilience (IBC LMPDR)](https://www.unece.org/runcwelcome/issue-based-coalitions/large-movements-of-people.html)** serves as a\n\nplatform to exchange the key advocacy messages related to large displacement of refugees and migrants for use during\nthe high-level events, influencing public policy dialogues and legislative changes affecting persons of concern. The IBC\nLMPDR will assume the functions of a regional UN Network on Migration, with the aim of capitalizing on the synergies\nbetween the global-level UN Network on Migration and the IBC.\n\n**[UN Network on Migration (UNMN)](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/)** has been establishment to ensure effective, timely and coordinated system-wide\n\nsupport to Member States in their implementation, follow-up and review of the GCM, and for the rights and well-being\nof migrants and their communities of destination, origin, and transit.\n\n**Financial Resources**\n\n - **[The Multi-Partner Trust Fund](http://mptf.undp.org/)** supports development effectiveness and UN coordination through the efficient,\n\naccountable and transparent design and administration of innovative pooled financing mechanisms.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **[The United Nations COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund](https://unsdg.un.org/resources/secretary-generals-un-response-and-recovery-fund)** is a UN inter-agency fund mechanism established by the\n\nUN Secretary-General to help support low- and middle-income programme countries overcome the health and\ndevelopment crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and support those most vulnerable to economic hardship and\nsocial disruption.\n\n**Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)**\n\nTo ensure that IDPs, migrants, refugees and other populations in vulnerable situations are assisted, IBC LMPDR\nmembers work along with IASC to roll out measures that may reduce risk or support action in countries with fragile\nhealth and social systems.\n\n- [IASC Interim Guidance on COVID-19: Emergency Response Preparedness Approach (developed by the Preparedness,](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2020-04/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20-%20ERP%20Approach%20-%20April%202020.pdf)\n\nEarly Action and Readiness Sub-Group, IASC Results Group 1 on Operational Response).\n\n- [Interim Briefing Note: Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 Outbreak (developed by the](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-briefing-note-addressing-mental-health-and-psychosocial-aspects-covid-19-outbreak)\n\n[IASC\u2019s Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-briefing-note-addressing-mental-health-and-psychosocial-aspects-covid-19-outbreak)\n\n- [Interim Technical Note: Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) during COVID-19 Response - Version](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-technical-note-protection-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-psea-during-covid-19-response)\n\n[1.0 (developed by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, IOM, OCHA, CHS Alliance, InterAction and the UN Victims\u2019](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-technical-note-protection-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-psea-during-covid-19-response)\n[Rights Advocate).](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-technical-note-protection-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-psea-during-covid-19-response)\n\n- [Note Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects \u2013 Version 1.5 February 2020 (to which UNHCR contributed).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS_0.pdf)\n\n- [Interim guidance on Scaling-up Readiness and Response Operations in Camps and Camp-like Settings in the context of](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20for%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20Camps%20and%20Camp-like%20Settings.pdf)\n\n[the COVID- 19 outbreak \u2013 Version 1.1 March 2020.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20for%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20Camps%20and%20Camp-like%20Settings.pdf)\n\n- [Interim guidance on COVID 19: Focus on Persons deprived of their liberty.](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2020-03/IASC%20Interim%20Guidance%20on%20COVID-19%20-%20Focus%20on%20Persons%20Deprived%20of%20Their%20Liberty.pdf)\n\n- [How to include marginalised and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement.](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/covid-19-how-include-marginalized-and-vulnerable-people-risk-communication-and-community-engagement)\n\n**UNSDG**\n\nAt the regional level, the UN Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG)\u2014agencies, funds and programmes working on\ndevelopment\u2014work to support countries to achieve the 2030 Agenda, addressing key challenges that transcend\ncountry borders such as health, migration, and environment. The UN Development Coordination Office (DCO) serves as\nthe secretariat for the UNSDG at the regional and global levels. At the regional level, five UN DCO Regional Directors\nand their teams in Panama, Addis Ababa, Amman, Istanbul and Bangkok provide the UN Resident Coordinators in\ncountry with regional-specific support, with a secretariat role for the regional UN Sustainable Development Group\n\n- [https://unsdg.un.org/resources/shared-responsibility-global-solidarity-responding-socio-economic-impacts-covid-19.](https://unsdg.un.org/resources/shared-responsibility-global-solidarity-responding-socio-economic-impacts-covid-19)\n\n- [https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socio-economic-response-covid-19.](https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socio-economic-response-covid-19)\n\n**Guidance by other agencies and IBCs**\n\n- [WHO\u2019s newly issued guidance on preparedness, prevention and control of COVID 19 in prisons and other places of](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro.who.int%2Fen%2Fhealth-topics%2Fhealth-determinants%2Fprisons-and-health%2Fpublications%2F2020%2Fpreparedness%2C-prevention-and-control-of-covid-19-in-prisons-and-other-places-of-detention-2020&data=02%7C01%7Cbances%40unhcr.org%7C843d435d80af45366b8408d7d0456af8%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637206869364521390&sdata=7%2B83yRw715xr%2Bgz3y6cZsuGOyGWc1EwKXTI2tMr798c%3D&reserved=0)\n\n[detention.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro.who.int%2Fen%2Fhealth-topics%2Fhealth-determinants%2Fprisons-and-health%2Fpublications%2F2020%2Fpreparedness%2C-prevention-and-control-of-covid-19-in-prisons-and-other-places-of-detention-2020&data=02%7C01%7Cbances%40unhcr.org%7C843d435d80af45366b8408d7d0456af8%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637206869364521390&sdata=7%2B83yRw715xr%2Bgz3y6cZsuGOyGWc1EwKXTI2tMr798c%3D&reserved=0)\n\n- [Recommendations for Adjusting Food Distribution Standard Operating Procedures in the Context of the COVID-19](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Fsites%2Freliefweb.int%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2F20200319_covid_sop_food_assistance.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Cbances%40unhcr.org%7C843d435d80af45366b8408d7d0456af8%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637206869364531391&sdata=rM0VWXCe3QX6eAImnNTcsI%2B31sTpdM9rCzBLozFSSss%3D&reserved=0)\n\n[Outbreak (Developed by WFP).](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Fsites%2Freliefweb.int%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2F20200319_covid_sop_food_assistance.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Cbances%40unhcr.org%7C843d435d80af45366b8408d7d0456af8%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637206869364531391&sdata=rM0VWXCe3QX6eAImnNTcsI%2B31sTpdM9rCzBLozFSSss%3D&reserved=0)\n\n- Interim Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools (Developed by IFRC, UNICEF, and WHO).\n\n- [IBC Gender (https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17IbDtIr4DVq1vvJpPnbDZYoj195pg_QM).](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Fdrive%2Ffolders%2F17IbDtIr4DVq1vvJpPnbDZYoj195pg_QM&data=02%7C01%7Cmarty%40unhcr.org%7C1f36417cfcde4e4c136708d7dca57b14%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C1%7C637220475602325209&sdata=r2aXChBkqf7CvSkctXsgK%2F4WQI41O7QDoK%2BMhonopSE%3D&reserved=0)\n(including Guidance Note on Gender and COVID-19 prepared for RCs and UNCTs).\n\n- [UN Sub-committee on Prevention of Torture: Measures to be taken by authorities concerning all places of deprivation](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/OPCAT/Pages/OPCATIndex.aspx)\n\nof liberty, including detention facilities, immigration detention, closed refugee camps, psychiatric hospitals and other\nmedical settings in relation to COVID-19.\n\n- [UN Global Humanitarian Response Plan COVID-19, United Nations Coordinated Appeal April-December 2020.](https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Global-Humanitarian-Response-Plan-COVID-19.pdf)\n\n- [ICRC, COVID-19: Protecting prison population from infectious coronavirus disease, 11 March 2020.](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/protecting-prison-populations-infectious-disease)\n\n- [Risk communication and community engagement: Guidance note](https://www.communityengagementhub.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/02/IFRC-nCov-RCCE-Guide-0202_EN.pdf) (Developed by WHO, UNICEF and IFRC).\n\n**Statements**\n\n- [By Michelle Bachelet and Filippo Grandi (UNHCR), The coronavirus outbreak is a test of our systems, values and](https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/3/5e69eea54/coronavirus-outbreak-test-systems-values-humanity.html)\n\n[humanity, 12 March 2020.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/3/5e69eea54/coronavirus-outbreak-test-systems-values-humanity.html)\n\n- [By Filippo Grandi (UNHCR), on the COVID-19 crisis, 19 March 2020.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e7395f84/statement-filippo-grandi-un-high-commissioner-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html)\n\n- [By Achim Steiner (UNDP), on UN COVID-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan, 25 March 2020.](https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/news/2020/Statement_by_UNDP_Administrator_Achim_Steiner_on_UN_COVID-19_Global_Humanitarian_Response_Plan.html)\n\n- [By Henrietta Fore (UNICEF) and Filippo Grandi (UNHCR), As COVID-19 pandemic continues, forcibly displaced children](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/4/5e9d4c044/covid-19-pandemic-continues-forcibly-displaced-children-need-support.html)\n\n[need more support than ever, 20 April 2020.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/4/5e9d4c044/covid-19-pandemic-continues-forcibly-displaced-children-need-support.html)\n\n- [By UNHCR, Beware long-term damage to human rights and refugee rights from the coronavirus pandemic,](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/4/5ea035ba4/beware-long-term-damage-human-rights-refugee-rights-coronavirus-pandemic.html) 22 April\n\n2020.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b090a1f-74b3-3a88-8037-b3d9e107fcaf/76448.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_206/raw/doc_206_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_206/raw/doc_206_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8d93640fa6dd1fb27b91a94257eff1cc730c34db..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_206/raw/doc_206_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COVID-19 and mixed population movements:** **emerging dynamics, risks and opportunities** **A UNHCR/IOM discussion paper**\n\n**1.** **Introduction**\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic, and the different measures States have taken to contain and respond to it, have\nthe potential to shape human behavior at the individual, family or community level, and to impact the ways\nin which our societies function, in unprecedented and far-reaching ways. This paper explores the\nimplications for human mobility \u2013 drawing on the trends that IOM and UNHCR are already observing in\nour field operations, as well as data in the public domain. The focus is on the irregular flows of migrants,\nrefugees, and asylum seekers linking Africa and Europe, but the paper also notes some emerging trends in\nrelation to population flows towards Europe from south-west Asia and the Middle East.\n\n\nThe purpose is to take stock of what we are already observing, and what we anticipate developing as the\nCOVID-19 crisis evolves \u2013 and hopefully subsides \u2013 in countries of origin, countries hosting large refugee\nand migrant populations, countries of transit and countries of destination \u2013 noting that in many cases, these\ncategories overlap and change over time. In doing so, the paper seeks to shed light on how the COVID-19\ncrisis is interacting with the complex and fluid dynamics shaping mixed population movements, and how\nthese might evolve.\n\n\nWhat matters, of course, is what should be our collective response. As the two organizations dealing with\npopulation flows, we want to ensure that the potential impact of the crisis on refugee flows and human\nmobility is understood and factored into wider responses \u2013 especially those addressing its socio-economic\nconsequences through bilateral and multilateral recovery instruments and development cooperation. We\nwant to draw attention to the risks and opportunities that are emerging, and the potential implications if\nthese are overlooked.\n\n\nOur aim is to provoke dialogue and early action. What key considerations should help shape responses by\nStates, the African Union, the European Union, other regional entities, civil societies and other\nstakeholders? Can they find ways of leveraging existing Europe-Africa cooperation frameworks, and their\ninterface with the two Global Compacts, to cope with the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on human\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "mobility?1 And can governments steer away from stand-alone, introverted responses, and find ways of\nengaging based on solidarity and partnership, which address the broader drivers of population flows?\n\n\n**2.** **Current trends**\n\n\n(i) Mixed population movements continue by land and sea.\n\nMovements by land to Greece from Turkey, from Mali to Mauritania and from Chad/Sudan/Niger to Libya\nhave reduced, but not stopped. After a significant reduction of the flows along the central and western\nMediterranean Sea routes in 2019, movements by sea increased by 13% in the first quarter of 2020 as\ncompared to the same period in 2019, with significant variations along the three routes.2\n\n\nThe overall number of people embarking on journeys across the Mediterranean remains quite small and\nshould be manageable. Yet, the number of individuals departing from Libya between January and April\n2020 increased by 290% over the same period last year, with 6,629 departures, and by 156% from Tunisia\nwith 1,227 departures. While sea movements to the Spanish peninsula decreased, movements to the Canary\nIslands went up by 735% with 1,995 arrivals between January and April 2020, including from \u201cnew\u201d\nlocations such as the western Sahara territory and Senegal. While the majority of those trying to cross the\nMediterranean Sea are adult men, women and children continued to form a notable proportion that should\nbe considered in the response.3\n\n\nThe fear of the pandemic and the economic slowdown also led to unquantified \u201creverse\u201d regular and\nirregular migration\u201d from Spain to Morocco.4\n\n\nThe drivers of onward refugee and migrant flows from host and transit countries are in certain respects\nintensifying and continue to outweigh concerns regarding mobility due to fear of the virus. As a result,\nmovements continue, where practically possible considering widespread border closures5, even if the\npeople concerned now have greater uncertainty as to final destinations and the duration of journeys.\n\n\nSecuring quantitative data on mixed movements has been complicated by the limited availability of current\ndata from national authorities. Border closures have limited the capacity to seek asylum. In many countries,\nregistration and asylum procedures have been effectively suspended, and unquantified backlogs are\ndeveloping. Yet in UNHCR and IOM field operations, we are observing worrying trends. For instance,\n\n\n1 _[See also: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mpp-41.pdf](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.iom.int%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fmpp-41.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C1%7C637245361905495313&sdata=WmTvdIgvW3MfIbEsPKWgzgaBsQLoPJEcLhaCAPy%2B6Dk%3D&reserved=0)_ _Migration Policy Institute, Migration policy_\n_practice, Vol. X, Number 2, April\u2013June 2020. COVID-19: a new challenge for migration policy._\n2 _22% of those leaving by boat during Q1 2020 are likely to get international protection in Europe. The percentage_\n_for those leaving Libya is higher (32%). Others \u2013 for example victims or potential witnesses of trafficking \u2013 may_\n_also need some form of protection._\n3 _Between January and April 2020, 16% of those crossing the Mediterranean Sea were adult women and 25% were_\n_children. The ratio of women and children has decreased by 1% and 2% respectively, compared to 2019. The ratio_\n_of women and children among arrivals in Greece is much higher as compared to Italy and Spain._\n4 _[https://elpais.com/espana/2020-04-23/mas-de-5000-euros-por-escapar-de-espana-en-patera.html.](https://elpais.com/espana/2020-04-23/mas-de-5000-euros-por-escapar-de-espana-en-patera.html)_ _See also_\n_[https://thearabweekly.com/pandemic-sparks-reverse-migration-spain-morocco](https://thearabweekly.com/pandemic-sparks-reverse-migration-spain-morocco)_ _Pandemic sparks reverse migration_\n_from Spain to Morocco._\n5 _43 countries in Africa officially closed their borders during the crisis._ _[https://www.dw.com/en/africa-when-closed-](https://www.dw.com/en/africa-when-closed-borders-become-a-problem/a-53311669)_\n_[borders-become-a-problem/a-53311669 . See also: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/05/coronavirus-](https://www.dw.com/en/africa-when-closed-borders-become-a-problem/a-53311669)_\n_[border-closures-strand-tens-of-thousands-of-people-across-africa](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/05/coronavirus-border-closures-strand-tens-of-thousands-of-people-across-africa)_\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violent attacks in the Sahel\u2019s hotspots rose by 37% percent between mid-March and mid-April 20206, and\nthe number of IDPs in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger increased by 370,000 people (33%) in March alone.\nThese developments, while unrelated to the pandemic, may affect movements not only towards North\nAfrica, but also towards coastal States in west Africa.\n\n\n(ii) The situation of many refugees and migrants has become more precarious.\n\nThe struggle for survival by refugees and migrants outside their own countries has intensified, as the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic and containment measures are felt.7 The COVID-related death toll\nin African countries has been limited so far, and it is too early to predict the extent of its public health\nimpact. It is, however, already clear that jobs and livelihoods, especially in the informal sector, have been\nseverely affected. The consequences are particularly grave for the millions of people living in countries or\nregions where welfare services, social safety nets and other social protection mechanisms are weak or even\nabsent,8 including in geographically remote areas where the majority of refugees, internally displaced\npersons and their host communities are located. In terms of the global poverty impact, sub-Saharan Africa\nmight be the hardest impacted9.\n\n\nBlunt measures for health protection purposes, such as broad shutdowns (as opposed to targeted social\ndistancing), carry a particularly high human price in Africa. Some 85.5% of Africans work in the informal\nsector \u2013 and for many, lockdowns, border closures and curfews have closed their jobs and revenue streams.\nMigrants, refugees, stateless persons are particularly vulnerable in these circumstances, not benefiting in\nthe same way as nationals from formal or informal safety nets.10 Progress made in self-reliance has been\nseverely undermined.11\n\n\n6 _Source: The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED); see also the report of the Center for_\n_Strategic and International Studies on irregular armed groups stepping up operations during COVID:_\n_[https://www.csis.org/analysis/extremist-groups-stepping-operations-during-covid-19-outbreak-sub-saharan-africa](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fextremist-groups-stepping-operations-during-covid-19-outbreak-sub-saharan-africa&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7C65d9de12817e41e025a908d7f191b8b2%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637243480471946184&sdata=AIRkgBlU7VBb%2FpB4jXBLE43Jpuyvb9npevv3LA7swVM%3D&reserved=0)_\n7 _The World Bank estimates that a 1% decrease in GDP brings 14 to 22 million people below the extreme poverty_\n_line (USD 1.90 a day). The current projected global decrease of the GDP for 2020 is estimated at 3% and may be_\n_higher for several African countries._\n8 _Including both welfare services and social safety nets._\n9 _[https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/impact-covid-19-coronavirus-global-poverty-why-sub-saharan-africa-](https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/impact-covid-19-coronavirus-global-poverty-why-sub-saharan-africa-might-be-region-hardest)_\n_[might-be-region-hardest](https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/impact-covid-19-coronavirus-global-poverty-why-sub-saharan-africa-might-be-region-hardest)_ _[See also : https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/poverty-and-distributional-](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/poverty-and-distributional-impacts-of-covid-19-potential-channels-of-impact-and-mitigating-policies)_\n_[impacts-of-covid-19-potential-channels-of-impact-and-mitigating-policies](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/poverty-and-distributional-impacts-of-covid-19-potential-channels-of-impact-and-mitigating-policies)_\n_10_ _70% of refugees globally live in countries with restricted right to work and 95% are self-employed. 50% of them_\n_are employed in temporary/transient jobs (on a daily or weekly basis)._\n_11_ _Limited available research suggests that 75% of the migrants and refugees in Libya have reportedly lost their_\n_informal/temporary jobs in March/April 2020. It is too early to know how quickly they can be re-employed given the_\n_[current security situation in and around Tripoli. http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/4mi-snapshot-](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/4mi-snapshot-understanding-the-impacts-of-covid-19-on-refugees-and-migrants-in-tripoli/)_\n_[understanding-the-impacts-of-covid-19-on-refugees-and-migrants-in-tripoli/.](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/4mi-snapshot-understanding-the-impacts-of-covid-19-on-refugees-and-migrants-in-tripoli/)_ _The security situation is also a_\n_contributing factor. The percentage of those who have lost their job is 53% for migrants and refugees in Tunisia._\n_[https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/24614/53-of-migrants-lost-jobs-in-tunisia-in-covid-19-lockdown. See also:](https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/24614/53-of-migrants-lost-jobs-in-tunisia-in-covid-19-lockdown)_\n_COVID-19 lockdown worsens migrants' suffering in Libya. For migrants who have left African countries for Libya,_\n_life was already a struggle before the coronavirus pandemic, and now lockdown_\n_[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/covid-19-lockdown-worsens-migrants-suffering-libya-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2Fcovid-19-lockdown-worsens-migrants-suffering-libya-200502141654890.html&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905735171&sdata=6fPxDi3MqVrpFGgtCbSwb0KM%2ByHbZWxEkha1oKqJP4c%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[200502141654890.htmlmeasures are leaving many without work. 2 May 2020.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2Fcovid-19-lockdown-worsens-migrants-suffering-libya-200502141654890.html&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905735171&sdata=6fPxDi3MqVrpFGgtCbSwb0KM%2ByHbZWxEkha1oKqJP4c%3D&reserved=0)_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Hostility towards foreigners has become (more) visible in certain countries \u2013 in some case linked to stigma\nand misinformation around virus transmission. While there has been no notable increase in xenophobic\nattacks, difficulties in accessing services owing to nationality, race, or other characteristics have been\nsurfacing. Many migrants and refugees have no documentation, or face difficulties in renewing documents,\nwith negative consequences for their ability to access basic services including medical care. This situation\npresents the additional risk that people on the move may become vectors of COVID-19 contamination in\nhost communities. At the same time, we have also seen a surge of new initiatives and solidarity by civil\nsocieties in some countries to assist vulnerable asylum-seekers. migrants and refugees.\n\n\nExpulsions of non-nationals continue to take place in a limited number of countries **.** Mass expulsions from\nEastern/Southern Libya have occurred during the outbreak, with several groups of hundreds of migrants\nand refugees being dropped at the borders of Niger, Chad and Sudan. Migrant workers have also been\nexpelled from Nigeria to Niger and some expulsions from Algeria to Niger and from Morocco to Algeria\nalso took place beginning of March 202012.\n\n\nAccess to education has always been a stabilizing factor for refugees, displaced persons, migrants and host\ncommunities. School closures are triggering negative coping mechanisms for children and creating\nadditional risks for girls \u2013 including sexual, gender and other forms of violence, teen pregnancies, early\nand/or forced marriages. Many children, adolescents, and youth, especially girls and those with disabilities,\nwill never return to education after schools reopen, with lifelong negative consequences for their health,\ncognition, and earnings. Globally, one child in five is no longer receiving the daily school meals that they\nwere able to count on before the outbreak; for children in Africa, the figure is undoubtedly higher.\n\n\n(iii) Additional risk factors are emerging.\n\nFood insecurity in Africa has increased over the last year. Seventy-three million people are affected in 36\ncountries. The cases range from conflict/insecurity (12 countries/37 million people), weather extremes or\nlocust infestation (20 countries/26 million people), to pre-COVID economic shocks (4 countries/10 million\npeople).\n\n\nSecurity is deteriorating in certain key countries of origin and in neighbouring countries of migration or\nrefugee, and some extremist groups are using pandemic-related fears to expand their influence and weaken\nfragile State authority. These groups are leveraging the outbreak to spread misinformation, using diverse\nsocial media platforms to point to the inability of States to address the needs of their citizens and to portray\nthemselves as first responders in order to foster trust, submission and/or recruitment.\n\n\nSmugglers and human traffickers are capitalizing on opportunities arising from official border closures.\nWhile restrictions on cross-border movement have a significant impact on trade and livelihoods, their\nimpact on the movement of people is more difficult to ascertain at this stage, with government efforts to\ncontrol borders often hindered by geography or lack of capacity. Many borders remain porous, and\n\n\n12 _[https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/24426/stop-deportations-and-release-detained-migrants-in-libya-un-urges](https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/24426/stop-deportations-and-release-detained-migrants-in-libya-un-urges)_\n_[At least 500 persons were expelled to Niger. https://www.iom.int/news/iom-steps-response-migrants-stranded-niger-](https://www.iom.int/news/iom-steps-response-migrants-stranded-niger-amidst-covid-19-lockdown)_\n_[amidst-covid-19-lockdown. Expulsions from Algeria to Mali and Niger of nationals from these two countries, as](https://www.iom.int/news/iom-steps-response-migrants-stranded-niger-amidst-covid-19-lockdown)_\n_well third country nationals were later suspended in March. Around 100 third country nationals were taken from_\n_Morocco to the Algerian border during the same period._\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "smugglers and traffickers are adapting their business model and diversifying their offers to potential\ntakers13.\n\n\nIn some communities, discontent, social disorder and unrest are being fueled by restrictions on freedom of\nmovement, curfew enforcement measures, lockdowns and human rights derogations14.\n\n\nThe suspension of resettlement & family reunification departures, and already limited legal migration\noptions affect not just those eligible for these solutions, but also create despair in communities.\n\n\nOwing to movement restrictions and transmission concerns, voluntary repatriation programmes for\nrefugees, and voluntary humanitarian return programmes for migrants have been almost entirely suspended,\nimpacting access to solutions. Some return movements of refugees have taken place in less than ideal\ncircumstances, for example to Mali and Burundi. For migrants, some countries carried out organized returns\nof their nationals, while others opted not to do so, or did not have the capacity.\n\n\nUrban IDPs are at risk of further marginalisation and (potentially) \u201cforced\u201d return to their places of former\nresidence, in the context of efforts to decongest urban areas15. The fear of the pandemic is not the root cause\nof this trend, but an aggravating factor. In other locations, including Mali, Burkina Faso, and South Sudan\nCOVID-related insecurity and / or concerns regarding virus transmission have also played a contributing\nrole in decisions by IDPs to return home.\n\n\nWe know that remittances from European, North African and Middle Eastern countries to Africa will drop\nas a result of the economic downturn, impacting the overall resilience or even the survival of millions of\nfamilies who depend on this direct source of income, and reducing access to health and education16. The\nWorld Bank\u2019s initial estimate is that remittances to Africa will decrease by 23% in 2020. For some diaspora\ncommunities who foster mixed population movements from their home countries towards Europe, the\nimpact may be even higher. For example, it is estimated that the 250,000 Somalis in the United Kingdom\nof Great Britain and Northern Ireland send approximately one billion pounds in remittances to Somalia\neach year, exceeding the amount received by Somalia in humanitarian aid. Social media reports suggest\nthat the remittances have already dropped by two-thirds in several African countries17.\n\n\n**3.** **Future scenarios \u2013 towards a perfect storm?**\n\n\nCross-border and cross-regional population movements are likely to increase, owing to a mixture of\neconomic and security factors where forced displacement or survival migration becomes the option of last\n\n\n13 _[https://globalinitiative.net/smuggling-covid-19/. See also: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/impact-covid-19-](https://globalinitiative.net/smuggling-covid-19/)_\n_[pandemic-trafficking-persons-preliminary-findings-and-messaging-based](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fworld%2Fimpact-covid-19-pandemic-trafficking-persons-preliminary-findings-and-messaging-based&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905545282&sdata=faBaTwhMoSNMs7IlSRG4pdlL5XPGH54GcWVTGosWVNg%3D&reserved=0)_ _Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on_\n_Trafficking in Persons: Preliminary findings and messaging based on rapid stocktaking. UNODC, Posted 3 May_\n_[2020. See also: http://publicanthropologist.cmi.no/2020/04/19/the-real-transformation-of-migrant-smuggling-in-](http://publicanthropologist.cmi.no/2020/04/19/the-real-transformation-of-migrant-smuggling-in-the-time-of-covid-19/)_\n_[the-time-of-covid-19/](http://publicanthropologist.cmi.no/2020/04/19/the-real-transformation-of-migrant-smuggling-in-the-time-of-covid-19/)_\n\n_14_ _[https://observers.france24.com/en/20200428-migrants-niger-protest-quarantine-without-end-covid19](https://observers.france24.com/en/20200428-migrants-niger-protest-quarantine-without-end-covid19)_\n\n\n16 _[https://blog.geographydirections.com/2020/04/22/coronavirus-pandemic-could-hit-the-billions-migrant-workers-](https://blog.geographydirections.com/2020/04/22/coronavirus-pandemic-could-hit-the-billions-migrant-workers-send-home-in-cash/)_\n_[send-home-in-cash/](https://blog.geographydirections.com/2020/04/22/coronavirus-pandemic-could-hit-the-billions-migrant-workers-send-home-in-cash/)_ _Coronavirus pandemic could hit the billions migrant workers send home in cash. Vincent_\n_Guermond, Royal Holloway and Kavita Datta, Queen Mary University of London, April 22, 2020._\n\n17 _In some countries like Mali, remittances have reportedly almost stopped. Formal remittances in 2017 from the_\n_Malian diaspora accounted for 6,7% of the GDP of the country (approximately 1 billion USD). With the more_\n_\u201cclandestine\u201d remittances, it is estimated that the contribution from the diaspora amounts to 11% of the GDP._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resort. These movements are likely to be multi-directional, both within Africa and northwards towards\nEurope. An increase in irregular sea departures from North Africa and Djibouti is likely, in the absence of\nlegal opportunities for mobility and for reasons explored in more detail below. Without robust measures to\naddress pervasive gaps in rescue-at-sea capacity, the number of deaths in the Mediterranean could rise.\n\nSeveral potential contributory factors can be identified, in both countries of origin, and countries along\nmigration routes.\n\n\n(i) Factors to watch \u2013 countries of origin\n\nThe socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19 will lead to increased fragility in some African, Asian and\nMiddle Eastern countries affected by internal displacement (now or in the past), or by population outflows18.\n\nThe socio-economic consequences of the pandemic may create the conditions for social tensions, discontent\nand political unrest, especially in the most vulnerable food-crisis and climate-affected countries. While\ngovernments struggle to find ways to combat the virus, tensions may be further triggered or aggravated by\nsustained restrictions on movement, use of excessive force in ensuring lockdowns, spikes in food and\ncommodity prices, and/or loss of income.\n\n\nStimulus measures and social protection schemes may neglect remote areas \u2013 such as those where refugees\nare often hosted \u2013 in favour of large urban centres which are considered to bring more complementary\npolitical benefits and popular legitimacy/support.\n\n\nInternational mediation efforts could be sidelined, and peace processes stall in in some conflict-prone\ncountries such as Somalia, South Sudan and Cameroon19.\n\n\nSocial unrest may facilitate the spread of more organized criminality, leading in turn to further displacement\nin and from countries/regions such as Nigeria, western Sahel, the Lake Chad Basin, north-west Sudan,\nsouthern Libya. Cross-fertilization between criminal groups and extremist groups can also lead to renewed\nterrorist attacks building on anti-foreigner sentiments.\n\n\nElection-related violence is a risk, with some autocratic leaders potentially taking advantage of the\npandemic to entrench themselves beyond their constitutional terms of office limits. Fifteen major elections\nare due on the African continent this year. Whether these go ahead or are postponed, there is a risk that\nelection-related violence could result in the flight of people both internally and into neighbouring countries,\nincreasing virus transmission risks.\n\n\nIf access to grazing or agricultural land and water is affected by restrictions on freedom of movement,\nand/or livestock is depleted, this may fuel further intercommunal conflicts, leading to internal displacement\nor refugee flows.\n\n\n18 _[See also https://africacenter.org/spotlight/mapping-risk-factors-spread-covid-19-africa/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fafricacenter.org%2Fspotlight%2Fmapping-risk-factors-spread-covid-19-africa%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Ce00044164b6f42f9418108d7f254ffbb%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637244319183977746&sdata=9t627MIdLRqXtf1xhAj4InNtrmOImY1SIZoYHk8%2FeAQ%3D&reserved=0)_\n\n\n19 _COVID-19 and Conflict: Seven Trends to Watch, Crisis Group Special Briefing N\u00b04,_ _New York/Brussels, 24_\n_March 2020_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(ii) Factors to watch \u2013 countries affected by refugee and migration flows\n\nReduced livelihood opportunities for migrants and refugees in north African countries, along with despair\nowing to a lack of solutions at home, are likely to drive an increase in sea departures. In the case of Libya,\nadditional factors come into play: insecurity in and around Tripoli, the new military situation to the west of\nTripoli which has enabled human traffickers to resume their business with total impunity, reports by\nmigrants and refugees of increased discrimination against them, and the suspension of legal pathways to\nreturn home or be resettled.\n\n\nIt is too early to assess whether the financial constraints of migrants and refugee to attempt onward\nmovements may be \u201ccompensated\u201d through adjustments in \u201coffers\u201d from smugglers and human traffickers\nalong the routes and the expansion of existing schemes such as \u201cgo now, pay later\u201d or \u201ccollect five people\nand you can all travel free and work on arrival.\u201d There is a real risk that misinformation from smugglers\nwill continue to gain wider currency than the scattered information channels available through physical or\ndigital outreach by governments and humanitarian organizations. The degree to which the smuggling\nbusiness along these routes is able to respond to demand will depend on profitability and the degree of\nimpunity which prevails.\n\n\nLarge numbers of nationals from sub-Saharan countries may also become stranded in \u2018transit\u2019 countries in\nNorth Africa and elsewhere \u2013 unable to afford the costs of the sea crossing and onward journeys, and unable\nto count on the immediate support of diasporas living in Europe and elsewhere. Some of these countries\nhave only recently realized that they are also now \u2018destination\u2019 countries (by intent or by default) for many\nmigrants and refugees, and are largely unprepared, or even unwilling, to receive and protect new migrants\nand refugees. The socio-economic impact may also prompt more citizens from North African countries to\nleave their countries. They currently account for 29% of the sea crossings from the western and central\nMediterranean Sea.\n\n\nIn some countries, measures to release foreigners in immigration detention were partially or fully\nimplemented to avoid risks of cross-contamination, but the stay of the people released was not necessarily\ntemporarily regularized20.\n\n\nFewer migrants and refugees may be interested in any form of voluntary return, given the increased\nuncertainty about the conditions prevailing in their home countries and reduced reintegration prospects. On\nthe other hand, voluntary returns in adverse circumstances, shaped by extreme hardship in host countries,\nmay continue to countries like Afghanistan, Burundi, Somalia, Nigeria, Mali, and Sudan.\n\n\nReduced access to humanitarian aid owing to funding constraints by key donors21, security, or logistical\nimpediments, leading to shortages of food or other essential assistance in refugee and IDP locations may\naggravate fragile living conditions. They may be perceived as competing for access to limited services, with\n\n\n20 _[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/tunisia-release-immigration-detainees-amid-covid19-pandemic/](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/tunisia-release-immigration-detainees-amid-covid19-pandemic/)_\n_Tunisia: Release immigration detainees amid COVID-19 pandemic. 29 April 2020. See also:_\n_[https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/29/countries-suspending-immigration-detention-due-to-coronavirus-let-s-keep-](https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/29/countries-suspending-immigration-detention-due-to-coronavirus-let-s-keep-it-that-way-view)_\n_[it-that-way-view](https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/29/countries-suspending-immigration-detention-due-to-coronavirus-let-s-keep-it-that-way-view)_\n21 _While the exact impact on the possible reduction of development/humanitarian aid is difficult to forecast at this_\n_stage, the Spring 2020 Economic Forecast projects that the euro area economy will contract by a record 7\u00be% in_\n_2020 and grow by 6\u00bc% in 2021. The EU economy is forecast to contract by 7\u00bd% in 2020 and grow by around 6%_\n_in 2021. Growth projections for the EU and euro area have been revised down by around nine percentage points_\n_[compared to the Autumn 2019 Economic Forecast.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Finfo%2Fbusiness-economy-euro%2Feconomic-performance-and-forecasts%2Feconomic-forecasts%2Fautumn-2019-economic-forecast-challenging-road-ahead_en&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7C8519dd9a0fff40ea91f608d7f1e3362c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637243830479903337&sdata=%2FYCYUpSm8z2AA2shmKpMJM9tFlI01nve3ohFHsTwdCU%3D&reserved=0)_\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "a negative impact on social cohesion, potentially triggering spontaneous onward movements22. This could\nbe compounded by a drop in development aid and/or private investment in host countries or countries of\norigin23.\n\n\nFurther stigmatization of foreigners may occur, with the perception that foreigners are responsible for a\nresurgence or the spread of the virus. This may affect protection space for refugees and vulnerable migrants,\nand could lead to stricter encampment, confinement measures, and the increased use of detention, leading\nto loss of opportunity for socio-economic inclusion, self-reliance and contributing to the development of\nhost communities.\n\n\nCompetition for more limited employment opportunities can also fuel xenophobic attitudes, leading to\nincreased discrimination and social exclusion24, particularly in areas hosting displaced or migrant\npopulations. It may also lead to the mass expulsion of foreigners irrespective of their status, links with the\ncountry, family or health situation.\n\n\nIn the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan, diminished access by Afghan refugees and migrants to local\nservices and economic opportunities could trigger irregular movements towards Turkey and beyond.\nDecreased remittances in Afghanistan could also trigger departures. In the absence of positive changes in\ncountries of origin enabling voluntary repatriation, Turkey\u2019s capacity to aid Syrian25 and other refugees on\nits territory, with predictable sustained support from the international community, will remain highly\nrelevant, potentially impacting sea and land crossings .\n\n\nOther movements from Asia to Europe in the context of COVID-19 and beyond may include migrants from\nBangladesh who have lost jobs either in North Africa26 or in the Middle East or in the garment sector in\nBangladesh, with the poverty rate in Bangladesh expecting to increase by over 50% in 202027. Although\nRohingya refugees and stateless persons will likely also face more difficult socioeconomic circumstances\npost COVID-19, they are not expected to move towards Europe, as there have never been any substantial\nRohingya movements or communities any farther west than the Middle East.\n\n\n22 _A combination of acute security problems, limited funding and access for aid organizations led to the loss of_\n_access to two Malian refugee camps in Burkina Faso in March with some refugees deciding in despair to go back_\n_home, while others remained dispersed in the country or moved to neighbouring countries._\n23 _See for instance_ : _[https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/16/aid-has-failed-coronavirus-covid-19-both-exposes-](https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/16/aid-has-failed-coronavirus-covid-19-both-exposes-this-and-offers-the-chance-for-a-reset/)_\n_[this-and-offers-the-chance-for-a-reset/](https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/16/aid-has-failed-coronavirus-covid-19-both-exposes-this-and-offers-the-chance-for-a-reset/)_ _[and https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/analysis-covid-19-pandemic-great-](https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/analysis-covid-19-pandemic-great-danger-awaits-africa/1789840)_\n_[danger-awaits-africa/1789840](https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/analysis-covid-19-pandemic-great-danger-awaits-africa/1789840)_\n24 _Including reported risks on mental health and psychosocial distress._\n25 _This remark also applies to other countries hosting Syrian refugees. See_\n_[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rapid%20Basic%20Needs%20Phone%20Survey%2C%20DR](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rapid%20Basic%20Needs%20Phone%20Survey%2C%20DRC%20March%202020.pdf)_\n_[C%20March%202020.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rapid%20Basic%20Needs%20Phone%20Survey%2C%20DRC%20March%202020.pdf)_\n_Rapid Basic Needs Phone Survey. Danish Refugee Council Jordan, March 2020. \u201cCOVID-19 mitigation measures_\n_and restrictions dramatically decreased the number of households with a working member. 9% of Syrian households_\n_had a household member working at the time of the survey.\u201d_\n\n26 _Sea crossings by Bangladeshi nationals leaving from/through Libya are likely to continue, if no renewed efforts_\n_are made to address this specific flow in Bangladesh, Libya and in Europe through effective returns when the_\n_individuals in question have no need for international protection. They currently constitute the 2nd nationality in_\n_terms of sea crossings through the central Mediterranean S_ ea.\n27 _Although Rohingya refugees and stateless persons will likely also face more difficult socioeconomic_\n_circumstances post COVID-19, they are not expected to move towards Europe, as there have never been any_\n_substantial Rohingya movements or communities any farther west than the Middle East._\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Europe, increased migration pressures on southern sea and land borders, as well as from some of the\nSouth-East Europe countries could \u2013 in the absence of a collective, solidarity-based response \u2013 lead to\ndeeper tensions among European States, affect the authority and credibility of the European Union, and\nhave political implications for member States.\n\n\nThe measures taken (or not taken) by the European Union at its external borders will also impact other key\ncountries of transit/migration along the three Mediterranean routes, including inside Europe.\n\n\nSecuring the return of people not in need of international protection is likely to be increasingly challenging,\nas some countries of origin may even be less willing to readmit their nationals owing to the increased burden\non their infrastructures related to COVID-19 or other aspects of their socioeconomic situation.\n\n\n**4.** **Is Europe ready?**\n\n\n(i) Progress since 2015\n\nEU member States and institutions have substantially increased their early warning surveillance and data\ncollection capacity. FRONTEX has been further strengthened (through budget and staff increases and a\nmore robust mandate), and EASO has also been capacitated, albeit to a lesser extent, to support \u201cfirst line\u201d\nStates at the external border of the Union, some Balkan countries and Turkey to respond to mass\nmovements. Investments have also been made in Europe\u2019s neighborhood partners to try to improve border\nmanagement.\n\n\nSome EU member States have also significantly increased their intake of refugees through resettlement\nchannels, complementary pathways and family reunification 28.\n\n\nThe number of irregular arrivals via the Mediterranean routes and by land to Greece and Spain stood at\n123,663 in 2019 - down from more than one million people in 2015. For the first time in recent years, there\nwas a 13% increase in the number of asylum applications in 2019, as compared to previous years, despite\na slight drop in irregular arrivals. The first quarter of 2020 nonetheless saw a drop of 21% in new\napplications as compared to the same period in 2019.\n\n\nEU member States and institutions have substantially increased their support to refugee hosting countries\nthrough their contributions and engagement with the World Bank\u2019s Global Concessional Financing Facility\nfor Middle Income Countries (GCFF) in the MENA region, roll out of the Comprehensive Refugee\nResponse Framework (CRRF) in the East and Horn of Africa, the World Bank\u2019s IDA-18 sub-window for\nrefugee-hosting countries, and several programmes led by their bilateral development agencies.\n\n\n28 _In absolute figures, resettlement submissions to Europe went from 17,209 in 2015 (in 19 countries) to 33,838 in_\n_2019 (in 20 countries). Resettlement arrivals went from 11,175 in 2015 to 29,066 in 2019. Regarding_\n_complementary pathways, no recent data is available, besides the humanitarian corridors operated by Italy. See_\n_[also available data on family reunion at http://www.oecd.org/migration/mig/safe-pathways-for-refugees-2019-](http://www.oecd.org/migration/mig/safe-pathways-for-refugees-2019-update.pdf)_\n_[update.pdf](http://www.oecd.org/migration/mig/safe-pathways-for-refugees-2019-update.pdf)_\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(ii) Areas of vulnerability\n\nIntra-EU solidarity measures have had limited success. The EU has regrettably moved from a limited, but\npotentially effective mandatory scheme of relocation to assist first line countries in place in 2016, to a\nlimited voluntary _ad-hoc_ arrangement. The promising steps taken by a few States through the \u201cMalta\nprocess\u201d have not met with wider support. They have proven unable to secure the timely relocation of those\ndisembarked on a sufficient scale with the onset of the larger arrivals due to improved weather/sea\nconditions in April 2020.\n\n\nOnward movements from some countries of entry in the EU continued on a significant scale until the\nCOVID-19 outbreak, with implications for progress on mandatory solidarity schemes.\n\n\nThere has been no significant progress in ensuring efficient, yet fair, asylum processing for the mixed\narrivals at EU\u2019s external borders. Gaps in reception systems remain acute. Greater tolerance by EU\ninstitutions for \u201cpush-backs\u201d by European States at Europe\u2019s external borders has also been observed.\nReturns of those found not to in need of international protection or not eligible for some form of legal stay\nremain limited29 - despite being clearly essential to secure public confidence in the capacity of States to\nresponsibly manage asylum systems and legal migration channels.\n\n\nEU policy on migration and asylum has remained focused on limiting irregular entries as much as possible,\ndespite the evidence that a policy excessively focused on control and security alone cannot bring sustainable\nresults, and does not improve overall governance of mixed flows.\n\n\nDespite a reduced number of arrivals in Europe, opportunities to improve through new European legislation\nmobility management, and enhance the well-being of refugees and migrants have not been taken. Instead,\nthe strain on many countries of origin and along migration routes has increased. Furthermore, measures\naimed at discouraging irregular movements by limiting access to basic services in countries of destination\nhave increased pockets of vulnerability and marginalization \u2013 with public health implications for European\ncountries in the current context.\n\n\n(iii) Preserving asylum and migration management amidst the COVID-19 response\n\nNearly two thirds of European countries have found ways to manage their borders effectively while\nallowing access to their territories for people seeking asylum. This is encouraging. Measures put in place\ninclude medical screenings at borders, health certification and temporary quarantine upon arrival30. These\nare important positive precedents for other States in Europe and beyond.\n\n\nMeasures to mitigate the COVID-19 spread, such as physical distancing and restrictions on movements and\ngatherings, have impacted the functioning of asylum systems in Europe \u2013 including the registration of new\nasylum claims, provision of documentation, refugee status determination and judicial reviews.\n\n\n29 _Frontex 2019 Annual Risk Analysis report estimates that only 47% of those with a return decision (298,190_\n_persons) have returned; i.e. 6% less than in 2018. However, not all EU Member States necessarily document in their_\n_[statistics the number of voluntary returns, which have increased. https://frontex.europa.eu/publications/frontex-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontex.europa.eu%2Fpublications%2Ffrontex-releases-risk-analysis-for-2020-vp0TZ7&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905815126&sdata=SHhcN8BCm9bhzzS7gX9FIPxvJwyIiChbLa9ciiP4V0M%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[releases-risk-analysis-for-2020-vp0TZ7](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontex.europa.eu%2Fpublications%2Ffrontex-releases-risk-analysis-for-2020-vp0TZ7&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905815126&sdata=SHhcN8BCm9bhzzS7gX9FIPxvJwyIiChbLa9ciiP4V0M%3D&reserved=0)_ _Frontex releases Risk Analysis for 2020. 2020-04-28_\n30 _[https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/covid-19s-impact-on-migrant-communities](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/covid-19s-impact-on-migrant-communities)_ _COVID-19\u2019s impact on_\n_migrant communities._\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The consequences can be serious - for the individuals concerned, but also for States. For example, where\nnew asylum claims are not registered, people\u2019s stay is not regulated, and they have no access to basic\nassistance and health services. The suspension of asylum procedures inevitably presents significant\nchallenges upon resumption, and risks reversing past investments.\n\n\nRecognizing such risks, most European countries have adapted their asylum systems (at least in part) to the\ncurrent situation. Registration procedures have been simplified, adjusted to permit written or electronic\nsubmissions, or frontloaded to coincide with medical screenings, and the issuance of documentation has\nbeen automated. Others have adjusted the physical infrastructure for interviews, or are testing and upscaling\nremote interviewing techniques, such as through videoconferencing.\n\n\nMany regular migrants are facing challenges \u2013 especially those whose visas or temporary labour permits\nhave expired during the period of lockdown and border closures. This has de facto brought entire groups of\npeople into an irregular situation who would not otherwise be in such circumstances.\n\n\nOnward movements have virtually disappeared, with restrictions on freedom of movement affecting entire\npopulations. Returns to countries of origin or readmission in third countries, including based on the Dublin\nIII Regulation, have to a large extent been suspended.\n\n\nAction to decongest overcrowded reception facilities or immigration detention centres has been inconsistent\nand has met with varying degrees of success. Measures are urgently needed to ensure adequate reception\nconditions at times of crisis, and to address the systemic gaps in some countries that are causing unnecessary\nhuman suffering, tensions and secondary movements. An urgent review is required.\n\n\nWhile rescue-at-sea capacity remains more managed at the bilateral level in the western and eastern\nMediterranean Sea, recent events, including over the 2020 Easter weekend, demonstrated the ongoing\nvacuum in the central Mediterranean Sea, which continues to place lives in peril.\n\n\nSome European countries (as well as north African ones) have also \u201cre-discovered\u201d \u201cghost populations\u201d \u2013\nlarge migrant communities31 living in total limbo, often exploited by unscrupulous employers for years with\nno permission to stay32. Some countries have chosen to include undocumented migrants and asylum seekers\n\n\n31 _This population include different types of irregular migrants, including some who had initially come legally and_\n_overstayed their visa/residence permit, foreigners not allowed to remain on the territory but not removed sometimes_\n_for years, asylum seekers refusing to request asylum in the country where they are for a significant period of time to_\n_avoid being subject to a Dublin \u201ctake back\u201d decision._\n32 _[See also: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/making-migrants-visible-covid-19-counting-](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/making-migrants-visible-covid-19-counting-dilemma/)_\n_[dilemma/](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/making-migrants-visible-covid-19-counting-dilemma/)_ _Making migrants visible to COVID-19 counting: the dilemma. Stefania Milan (University of Amsterdam),_\n_Annalisa Pelizza (University of Bologna), Yoren Lausberg (University of Bologna), 28 April 2020. See also:_\n_[https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/the-corona-crisis-has-made-us-value-migrants-heres-how-to-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fopendemocracyuk%2Fthe-corona-crisis-has-made-us-value-migrants-heres-how-to-build-on-that%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905525292&sdata=GPR2mF6vBUUhgHGQXZe4YpG4qUEm8hTohYH70L0se9I%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[build-on-that/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fopendemocracyuk%2Fthe-corona-crisis-has-made-us-value-migrants-heres-how-to-build-on-that%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905525292&sdata=GPR2mF6vBUUhgHGQXZe4YpG4qUEm8hTohYH70L0se9I%3D&reserved=0)_ _The corona crisis has made us value migrants: here\u2019s how to build on that. Rosie Carter (Hope not_\n_[Hate), 25 April 2020. See also: https://www.icmpd.org/news-centre/expert-voice-series/news-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icmpd.org%2Fnews-centre%2Fexpert-voice-series%2Fnews-detail%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D685%26cHash%3D214bd317a1f1a1cc486cdca2f116266a&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905655220&sdata=NLbKvvZ0QdfkUwPhLnHBBdplkoI3QEbLzGdQ1%2Fjxz6M%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=685&cHash=214bd317a1f1a1cc486cdca2f116266a](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icmpd.org%2Fnews-centre%2Fexpert-voice-series%2Fnews-detail%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D685%26cHash%3D214bd317a1f1a1cc486cdca2f116266a&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905655220&sdata=NLbKvvZ0QdfkUwPhLnHBBdplkoI3QEbLzGdQ1%2Fjxz6M%3D&reserved=0)_ _Expert Voice: Labour_\n_migration \u2013 Five priorities for the EU and its Member States. Martin Hofman, 29 April 2020. See also:_\n_[https://elpais.com/elpais/2020/05/02/3500_millones/1588412499_348286.html](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2020%2F05%2F02%2F3500_millones%2F1588412499_348286.html&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905665207&sdata=3Q22iwEdEO7KHo4SfWtTvH5ah%2FyQ8Oo8zrR6chP7i5E%3D&reserved=0)_ _Aprovechemos el virus para cambiar_\n_un modelo migratorio roto. El Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a est\u00e1 obligado a utilizar una ventana de oportunidad que ha_\n_[tra\u00eddo la pandemia y que no durar\u00e1 mucho. Gonzalo Fanjul, 2 May 2020. See also: https://www.eurovia.org/open-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovia.org%2Fopen-letter-on-urgent-and-necessary-measures-for-rural-workers-in-the-context-of-covid-19%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905675212&sdata=6HzO%2BB5c9PRlATThuNVtnro2ZyDxEN1IZJUtv9Xgy9M%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[letter-on-urgent-and-necessary-measures-for-rural-workers-in-the-context-of-covid-19/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovia.org%2Fopen-letter-on-urgent-and-necessary-measures-for-rural-workers-in-the-context-of-covid-19%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Cd6ab140d8f4546ebc29c08d7f347c53c%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637245361905675212&sdata=6HzO%2BB5c9PRlATThuNVtnro2ZyDxEN1IZJUtv9Xgy9M%3D&reserved=0)_ _Open letter on urgent and_\n_necessary measures for rural workers in the context of COVID-19. European Coordination Via Campesina (ECVC),_\n_30 Apr 2020._\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in their public health response regardless of legal status. In a welcome step, Portugal has even temporarily\nregularized their stay. In contrast, some other countries continued to ignore this issue.\n\n\n**5.** **What next?**\n\n\n(i) Redefining priorities \u2013 inside Europe\n\nForthcoming discussions on the new EU Pact on Migration and Asylum are opportune. Access to asylum\nin Europe must be preserved and strengthened. For decades, Europe has been a global leader in ensuring\naccess to protection for millions of people fleeing war and persecution. In the face of an unprecedented\nglobal pandemic, with potential consequences far beyond the immediate health sphere, renewing and\nreinforcing that commitment is more necessary than ever.\n\n\nTime and events have shown that the application of geographical location as the prime criteria for\ndetermining responsibility for managing irregular arrivals at the EU\u2019s external border has disproportionate\nand inequitable consequences. Fairer criteria must be considered and redefined, based on an efficient and\nequal implementation of the EU acquis across the region.\n\n\nSolidarity mechanisms for managing mixed movements must be redefined. This should be a priority for\nStates in the coming period. Solidarity is not just a moral value; it is a founding principle enshrined in EU\nTreaties. Failing to implement it or respect it undermines the very legal and political fabric of the EU.\nFollowing the recent decision from the European Court of Justice on the mandatory nature of the relocation\nscheme from Greece agreed upon in 2015, consequences for those refusing to participate should be\nconsidered.33\n\n\nObviously, the meaning of solidarity and priorities in Europe will also be influenced by the political impact\nof COVID-19 from a public health perspective, as well as economic recovery. Emerging divisions on the\nmeaning of solidarity in the context of economic recovery should not be at the detriment of the reforms\nEurope needs in the area of migration and asylum management.\n\n\nA robust regional rescue at sea and predictable disembarkation system is needed along all the routes but\nattempts to transfer the responsibility only to a few north African States are doomed to fail. The \u201ctheatre of\navoidance\u201d, as witnessed during the Easter weekend in the central Mediterranean Sea, cannot be Europe\u2019s\nresponse. Libya cannot be regarded as a safe place for return. A predictable distribution of responsibilities\nand fair and efficient processing, building on the progress made through the informal arrangements of\nSeptember 2019 among a small group of EU member States for those rescued at sea, must happen at a faster\npace. Capacity-building efforts for competent authorities in North Africa to operate rescue services must\nalso be pursued.\n\n\nSignificant, coordinated efforts are required to return people found not in need of international protection,\nor without an alternative basis to remain. This is critical to rebuilding public confidence in asylum systems,\nand migration management and to creating the space for a comprehensive range of measures to facilitate\nintegration and social inclusion.\n\n\n_33_ _[https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/cjeu-joined-cases-c-71517-c71817-and-c71917-commission-v-](https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/cjeu-joined-cases-c-71517-c71817-and-c71917-commission-v-poland-hungary-and-czech-republic-2)_\n_[poland-hungary-and-czech-republic-2](https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/cjeu-joined-cases-c-71517-c71817-and-c71917-commission-v-poland-hungary-and-czech-republic-2)_\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Family reunification should be enhanced by removing current obstacles put in place in the wake of the 2015\ncrisis. Family reunification channels help discourage communities from resorting to smugglers, ensure\nmore gender equity in terms of access to protection, and enable better integration outcomes. Increased\nresettlement for refugees by States and through community-sponsored programmes vetted by States may\nhelp mobilize communities and encourage diasporas to trust and invest in more legal pathways, thus\nrestoring a more predictable social contract between refugees and host communities34. The participation of\nrefugees in many countries in different sectors to the response to the pandemic underscores the potential\nfor this new social contract35. Pathways for managed \u201cmigration\u201d for education and labour purposes, with\nclear benchmarks and incentives are also needed. Measures are also needed to facilitate lower transaction\nfees for remittances from diasporas. Additional efforts are also needed to combat xenophobia.\n\n\nEvidence-based policy discussions must be held to determine the size and the different options available to\naddress the situation of \u201cghost populations\u201d in Europe. Forced returns cannot be the only solution. Some\nhave families, have lived and worked in their communities for years. They should not have to remain forever\n\u201cunderground\u201d, making them easy prey for various forms of human trafficking and profitable, exploitative\nschemes in some economic sectors to which Europe has largely turned a blind eye.\n\n\nThe pandemic has also brought to light the vital role played by migrant workers in some economic sectors\nin the EU (including in essential services such as health). This includes many in an irregular status who\nnonetheless constitute the backbone of several productive activities, including agriculture and domestic\nhelp36. Recognizing this objective fact should lead the EU to fundamentally change its approach to\nmigration and labor mobility and to a serious effort to regularize those whose contribution to the economic\nrecovery will be essential.\n\n\n34 _A recent editorial of the New York Times suggested that \u201cthe \u2026. pandemic has injected a sense of togetherness_\n_into polarized societies.\u201d There is abundant evidence that physical distancing is spurring social-communing\u2014in_\n_apartment blocks, neighborhoods, civil society organizations, cities\u2014and vivid displays of social solidarity and_\n_volunteerism\u201d._ _[https://www.ft.com/content/7eff769a-74dd-11ea-95fe-fcd274e920ca](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F7eff769a-74dd-11ea-95fe-fcd274e920ca&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7C95d9ca5edfbb4a6574bb08d7f2c4d8b7%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637244799567420427&sdata=cphJRj1LMOpxtmAMQr%2FE4dDVWZPUQXgGG1ljqMGHLkY%3D&reserved=0)_\n\n\n35 _[See for instance: https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/coronavirus/refugees-in-germany-rally-to-help-in-virus-](https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/coronavirus/refugees-in-germany-rally-to-help-in-virus-battle/ar-BB13vuOe)_\n_[battle/ar-BB13vuOe](https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/coronavirus/refugees-in-germany-rally-to-help-in-virus-battle/ar-BB13vuOe)_ _Refugees in Germany rally to help in virus battle. 3 May 2020. \u201cEngaging in volunteer work is_\n_helping them to strengthen their ties with the community, improve their language skills and build confidence, said_\n_the 36-year-old from Iran.\u201d See also:_ _[https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/24635/des-refugies-a-la-rescousse-d-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomigrants.net%2Ffr%2Fpost%2F24635%2Fdes-refugies-a-la-rescousse-d-exploitants-agricoles-en-aquitaine&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Caa9af388b8d24d2bc5fb08d7f4c1c64b%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637246985395990514&sdata=RhIq4rEaodhHktoy5ql7yFK9kZsewoORaDIy7j4VaXM%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[exploitants-agricoles-en-aquitaine](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomigrants.net%2Ffr%2Fpost%2F24635%2Fdes-refugies-a-la-rescousse-d-exploitants-agricoles-en-aquitaine&data=02%7C01%7Ccochetel%40unhcr.org%7Caa9af388b8d24d2bc5fb08d7f4c1c64b%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637246985395990514&sdata=RhIq4rEaodhHktoy5ql7yFK9kZsewoORaDIy7j4VaXM%3D&reserved=0)_\n\n\n36 _[https://euobserver.com/opinion/148161. See also: https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/04/21/coronavirus-](https://euobserver.com/opinion/148161)_\n_[notre-nation-doit-montrer-sa-gratitude-envers-les-etrangers-qui-affrontent-cette-crise-avec-](https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/04/21/coronavirus-notre-nation-doit-montrer-sa-gratitude-envers-les-etrangers-qui-affrontent-cette-crise-avec-nous_6037272_3232.html)_\n_[nous_6037272_3232.html](https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/04/21/coronavirus-notre-nation-doit-montrer-sa-gratitude-envers-les-etrangers-qui-affrontent-cette-crise-avec-nous_6037272_3232.html)_\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(ii) Redefining priorities \u2013 Europe-Africa cooperation\n\nOver recent years, IOM and UNHCR, together with partners, have developed better tools to monitor trends\nin mixed population flows. There is no shortage of fora and uncoordinated research on the topic. However,\nthere is a need to re-think how trends and emerging risks (which affect everyone) could be better analyzed\nin a spirit of partnership, to facilitate a more substantive conversation. This could help operationalize the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees and the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration with clear\naction plans and less dispersal among various funding streams (development aid, humanitarian aid, support\nfor migration management both bilateral and multilateral). The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the need\nfor better donor coordination, as well as internal coordination and less fragmentation between the different\nfunding streams and modes of action within governments.\n\n\nIn this context, the EU Strategy with Africa issued on 8 March 2020 is useful, as it sets out proposals to\nintensify cooperation through partnerships in five key areas: green transition; digital transformation;\nsustainable growth and jobs; peace and governance; and migration and mobility. On the latter, it aims at\nensuring a balanced, coherent and comprehensive partnership. These efforts could be tied to a strengthened\nfocus on a more comprehensive implementation of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular\nMigration.\n\n\nIn the area of migration and asylum management, the current updating of the 2015 joint Valetta Plan of\nAction and the related ongoing work under the Khartoum and Rabat Processes also provide an opportunity\nto revisit, with a new impetus and more equal attention and funding, its five pillars root causes; legal\nmigration and mobility; protection and asylum; return, readmission and reintegration. Pledges made in the\ncontext of the Global Refugee Forum could be drawn upon also in this context, including pledges to\nstrengthen, and support the strengthening, of asylum processes under the umbrella of the Asylum Capacity\nSupport Group.\n\n\nAlong the same lines, the 4th pillar on fighting more effectively human smuggling and all forms of\ntrafficking domestically and through cooperation between European institutions/member States and with\ncountries in Africa and the AU must be refocused and take more prominence. Strengthened means to extend\nprotection to victims of trafficking could also be considered. The importance of the Joint Valletta Action\nPlan resides in the recognition of an equal partnership between the EU, the AU and participating African\ncountries, which translates in establishing common actions to achieve common priorities. That spirit of\npartnership needs to be revitalized.\n\n\nThe Africa \u2013 EU Migration and Mobility Dialogue is also an important process of intercontinental dialogue\non migration management and the forthcoming EU-AU October 2020 Summit which will also include\ndiscussions on related topics should also address new needs as outlined in this paper.\n\n\nFurther, the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF)37 creates a concrete opportunity to translate the\nspirit of equal partnership into financial instruments that provide predictable financial support to countries\nand communities that are affected by large movements of people and host the majority of forcibly displaced\nglobally \u2013 often for decades.\n\n\n37 _i.e. the EU\u2019s seven years budget for 2021-2027._\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The response to the COVID-19 has badly exposed fear the failure of aid in terms of Africa\u2019s infrastructural\ndeficit particularly in the health sector38. Large-scale funding has worked in promoting development, but\nonly when employed in an environment defined by good governance and local ownership. The coming\nphase in AU-EU cooperation may be an opportunity to reset aid/cooperation/development policies and\nmake good governance a priority for all. The COVID-19 crisis is also showing the innovative response\ncapacity of many small and medium enterprises in Africa. It has also highlighted once more the key role\nlocal authorities play. Redefining development cooperation must factor in these elements.\n\n\nPre-empting and mitigating the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in fragile countries and those affected\nby food crises countries is possible through the targeted and accelerated implementation of the SDGs39. In\nthat regard EU\u2019s global COVID response issued on 8 April 2020, up to the amount of 15.6 billion Euros, is\nwelcome in that it focusses on Africa and on vulnerable populations - including specifically on forcibly\ndisplaced, refugees, migrants and host communities. The post-Cotonou process also offers a key\nopportunity in this respect.\n\n\n**6.** **How can UNHCR and IOM help?**\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR stand ready to assist States in managing the pressures \u2013 in addition to existing\n\n\nprogrammes and activities.\n\n\n(i) In Europe, we can:\n\n\n- Provide effective technical expertise/case management support to countries of disembarkation/arrivals\nand/or European Agencies (EASO/FRONTEX/EUROPOL) to facilitate fair and effective postdisembarkation/post-arrival processing, including faster operationalization of agreed solidarity\nmechanisms.\n\n- Facilitate dialogue with States and relevant entities on rescue-at-sea and disembarkation\nresponsibilities.\n\n- Assist States to achieve quantified objectives in the field of legal opportunities to migrate or enjoy\nprotection through refugee resettlement, easier access to family reunification, building on lessons learnt\nfrom existing programmes, effectively developing labour migration opportunities for migrants and\nrefugees, improving labour integration through better recognition of diplomas and previous working\nexperience, through the managed regularization of some categories of irregular workers and a more\nrobust implementation of seasonal migrant workers schemes.\n\n\n38 _E.g. Africa has the lowest number of doctors per capita in the world, Uganda 1 per 10.000 persons, Sudan, with a_\n_population of 42 million had just 80 ventilators. Nigeria\u2019s 200 million less than 500, the CAR has 3 and Liberia_\n_none._\n39 _COVID 19 is unfortunately likely to have a negative impact on SDG achievement in the short-term which also have_\n_further implications in countries of origin, but not only. For further reference, please see also at:_\n_[https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/SG-Report-Socio-Economic-Impact-of-Covid19.pdf](https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/SG-Report-Socio-Economic-Impact-of-Covid19.pdf)_\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Stepping up mediation efforts at \u201cgood offices\u201d level to facilitate dialogue with specific countries of\norigin on the humane/incentivized return of individuals not entitled to legal residence following due\nprocess.\n\n- Advise governments on critical measures needed to facilitate and lower remittances costs for migrants\nand refugees in Europe.\n\n(ii) In Europe\u2019s neighbourhood, we can:\n\n- Expand the provision of operational support where needed or appropriate in key countries in European\nNeighbourhood Policy partners (including Turkey, some countries in South-East Europe and north\nAfrican countries) to ensure a better management of migration and asylum challenges based on shared\nresponsibility and solidarity principles.\n\n(iii) In Africa, we can:\n\n- Provide technical support to States to strengthen their migration and asylum policies, systems and\nstructures;\n\n- Provide support (material assistance, referral systems, tools for joint communication with communities)\nto people on the move with a view to helping them where they are and providing them in an orderly\nmanner with access to essential services while discouraging them from undertaking dangerous irregular\njourneys;\n\n- Develop joint community sensitization programs to prevent xenophobia and stigmatization of\nforeigners, as well as infected and recovered patients and their families;\n\n- Support the establishment of community-based protection networks to facilitate communication with\ncommunities on migration and asylum procedures and associated risks, as well as facilitate access to\neffective protection;\n\n- When refugees or migrants decide to return to their country of origin even when the conditions there\nare very difficult, UNHCR/IOM will continue to assist them to exercise their right to return, through\nthe provision of adequate support;\n\n- Participate, in line with our mandates, in collaborative efforts to share information, enabling a more\neffective fight against human traffickers, while protecting victims;\n\n- Support States to engage in strong, proactive innovative and well-coordinated inter-governmental\naction to address the root causes of onward movement, and to identify and to prioritize the best ways\nto further operationalize existing regional or sub-regional agreements or protocols on the free\nmovement of people or other \u201cmobility agreements\u201d. The perspective of increased movements on the\ncontinent should be approached with the understanding that intra-regional mobility40 (whether circular,\ncross-border or more permanent) can be managed for the benefits of individuals and their countries of\norigin and migration. Finding innovative ways to manage borders that are pandemic-sensitive should\nnot be an impediment for safe and legal migration, nor for access to asylum.\n\nUNHCR/IOM 14 May 2020\n\n\n_40 Possibly through one or more regional entity (EAC, ECOWAS, ICGLR, IGAD, AU)._\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7a8e32b-881b-3f02-bdbb-5f748b0ddfa1/76474.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_207/raw/doc_207_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_207/raw/doc_207_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c6b3fc6950d8bcdb6b0ccc01c46a53e888630e14..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_207/raw/doc_207_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "@3RPSyria\n\nwww.3RPsyriacrisis.org\n\n\n\n\n\n**www.3RPSyriacrisis.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **WE THANK OUR DONORS FOR THEIR** **GENEROUS SUPPORT FOR 3RP ACTIVITIES**\n\nThe work of 3RP partners would not have been possible without the extremely generous support of Donors.\n\n\nAs well as member states, 3RP Partners are grateful to private donors, humanitarian funds, foundations,\n\ncharities and other organizations for their contributions. 3RP Partners would also like to acknowledge the\n\nhuge contribution of host countries who have contributed to the response in many ways including making\n\ntheir services available to refugee populations, at great expense. The member state doors above are gratefully\n\nacknowledged for their contributions in 2019.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Annual Report 20
Regional
Population in Need
Overview
EGYPT
129,210
registered Syrian refugees
506,000
directly targeted members
Achievements of impacted communities
in 2019
> 1.5
million IRAQ
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (95% of target) 245,810
> 1.9 registered Syrian refugees
million 158,110
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind) directly targeted members
(84% of target) of impacted communities
in 2019
> 1
million
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
JORDAN
(77% of target)
> 3.3
million 654,692
consultations provided in primary
health care services registered Syrian refugees
(74% of target) 520,000
> 496 directly targeted members
thousand of impacted communities
households receiving
in 2019
unconditional, sector-specific
or emergency cash assistance
(78% of target)
> 63 LEBANON
thousand
the number of households outside
914,648
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (35% of target) registered Syrian refugees
> 1 1,005,000
million people benefiting from access to directly targeted members
enough safe water via improved of impacted communities
longer-term water systems in 2019
(36% of target)
> 44
thousand individuals supported to gain short TURKEY
term or long-term employment
(61% of target) 3,576,369
registered Syrian refugees
1,800,000
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns in 2019
96,253
55,248
50,705
28,212
REGIONAL TOTAL
2016 2017 2018 2019
5,520,729
Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets
registered refugee population
and Submissions as of 31 December 2019|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Annual Report 20
Population in Need
EGYPT
129,210
registered Syrian refugees
506,000
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
IRAQ|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**Annual Report**
**20**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
**IRAQ**
Population in Need|**Annual Report**
**20**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
**IRAQ**
Population in Need|registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
Population in Need|registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
Population in Need|registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
Population in Need|registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
Population in Need|registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
Population in Need|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
||||||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**IRAQ**|**IRAQ**|**IRAQ**|**IRAQ**|**IRA**|**IRA**|**IRA**|**IRA**|**IRA**|**IRA**|**IRA**|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
||||||||||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
||||||||registered Syri
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered Syri
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered Syri
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered Syri
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|||||||**JOR**|registered S
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered S
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered S
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|registered S
**520,000**
**654,692**

**DAN**|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
||||||||||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
||||||||||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|directly targete
of impacted co
in 2019
registered Syri

**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted|ete
co|ete
co|ete
co|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|directly targete
of impacted co
in 2019
registered Syri

**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**|
in 2019||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|directly targete
of impacted co
in 2019
registered Syri

**914,648**
**LEBANON**|directly targ
of impacted
in 2019
registered S
**914,648**
**LEBANON**||||||||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|||||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**K**~~**E**~~**Y**|**K**~~**E**~~**Y**|**K**~~**E**~~**Y**||\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|||
**3,576,369**|
**3,576,369**|
**3,576,369**|
**3,576,369**|\n|**Annual Report**
**20**
**Regional**
**Overview**
registered Syrian refugees
**506,000**
**129,210**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**EGYPT**
registered Syrian refugees
**520,000**
**654,692**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**JORDAN**
registered Syrian refugees
**158,110**
**245,810**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**IRAQ**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,005,000**
**914,648**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**LEBANON**
registered Syrian refugees
**1,800,000**
**3,576,369**
directly targeted members
of impacted communities
in 2019
**TURK**~~**E**~~**Y**
**REGIONAL TOTAL**
**5,520,729**
registered refugee population
as of 31 December 2019
**Voluntary Syrian Refugee Returns**
**Syrian Refugee Resettlement Targets**
**and Submissions**
Population in Need
Achievements
Syrian refugees who have been
engaged in community-led
initiatives (**95% of target**)
Syrian refugee children enrolled
in formal general education
(**77% of target**)
people receiving food assistance
(cash, voucher or in-kind)
(**84% of target**)
the number of households outside
camps supported with shelter/
shelter upgrades (**35% of target**)
**> 1.5**
**million**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 3.3**
**million**
**> 496**
**thousand**
**> 63**
**thousand**
**> 44**
**thousand**
**> 1**
**million**
**> 1.9**
**million**
consultations provided in primary
health care services
(**74% of target**)
households receiving
unconditional, sector-specifc
or emergency cash assistance
(**78% of target**)
people benefting from access to
enough safe water via improved
longer-term water systems
(**36% of target**)
individuals supported to gain short
term or long-term employment
(**61% of target**)
2016
28,212
2017
50,705
2018
55,248
2019
96,253|**JOR**
**IRAQ**
|**TUR**|**TUR**|**TUR**|||||||||\n\n\n**3,989,110**\ndirectly targeted members of\nimpacted communities in 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTarget RST Submissions\n\n\n\nTurkey\n10,000\n9,638\n\n\n\nLebanon Jordan Egypt Iraq\n\n\n\n7,800\n8,677\n\n\n\n5,010\n4,487\n\n\n\n2,200\n1,919\n\n\n\n540\n460\n\n\n\nThese figures relate to returns verified and confirmed by UNHCR, based on government sources\nand direct observation by UNHCR. The actual number of returns may be significantly higher.\n\n2 **Annual Report 2019** **3**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) **Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annual Report 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**AGENCY FUNDING**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UN Agencies, Fund,**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**International NGOs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Annua
SECTOR FUNDING
PROTECTION FOOD SECURITY EDUCATION HEALTH & NUTR
USD 390 m / 55 % received USD 554 m / 69 % received USD 435 m / 53 % received USD 250 m / 68 %
USD 707 m required USD 805 m required USD 816 m required USD 368 m requi
BASIC NEEDS SHELTER WASH LIVELIHOOD
USD 931 m / 60 % received USD 56 m / 53 % received USD 132 m / 48 % received USD 260 m / 45 %
USD 1.5 b required USD 105 m required USD 274 m required USD 578 m requi
553 m
SECTOR FUNDING
PER COUNTRY
175 m
110 m 91 m
TURKEY 6 m 23 m|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
4,751,471,487|
2,642,264,475|
** 56 %**

** 66 %**

|USD
**2.98 b**
required
**61**
**%**
**62**
**%**
**57**
**%**
**63**
**%**
**62**
**%**
**61**
**%**
**71**
**%**

required

|USD**931 m** /**60 %** received
USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR FUNDIN**
**PER COUNTRY**|USD**931 m** /**60 %** received
USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR FUNDIN**
**PER COUNTRY**|USD**931 m** /**60 %** received
USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR FUNDIN**
**PER COUNTRY**|\n|
633,062,999|
415,731,725|
415,731,725|
415,731,725|
415,731,725|
415,731,725|
415,731,725|\n|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|\n|
|
|
|
|USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR F**
**PER COUN**|USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR F**
**PER COUN**|USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR F**
**PER COUN**|\n|
|
|
|
|USD**1.5 b** required
**SECTOR F**
**PER COUN**|** UNDIN**
** TRY**|** UNDIN**
** TRY**|\n|
|
|
|
|||**LEBANON**
**170 m**
**299 m**
**165 m**
**144 m**
**96 m**
**69 m**
**217 m**
**34 m**|\n|
|
|
|
|||**IRAQ**
**19 m**
**9 m**
**6 m**
**8 m**
**3 m**
**6 m**
**24 m**
**14 m**|\n|
|
|
|
|||**JORDAN**
**83 m**
**208 m**
**85 m**
**73 m**
**33 m**
**57 m**
**120 m**
**8 m**|\n|
|
|
|
|||**EGYPT**
**8 m**
**31 m**
**4m**
**2m**
**0.59 m**
**17 m**|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annual Report 2019\n\n\n\n6 **Annual Report 2019** 7\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Strategic** **Directions**\n\nIn support of host countries, 3RP partners seek to\ncontribute to the achievement of regional strategic directions for the benefit of refugees and host\ncommunities.\n\n\n## **Turkey**\n\n**FUNDING**\n\n\n\n**Basic**\n**Needs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnnual Report 2019\n\n\n**INNOVATION**\n\n\n**Municipality improves inclusion**\n**of Syrian refugees in Turkey**\n\n\nHosting over 451,000 refugees, more\nthan 17% of its total population,\nGaziantep Municipality\u2019s actions to foster\ninclusion highlight the important role\nof municipalities in building resilience\nand social cohesion. A municipality-level\nMigration Department was established,\nwhich has expanded the provision of\neducation, employment and social services\nas well as humanitarian aid in collaboration\nwith 3RP partners. Services include Arabic\ncourse to the host communities and\nSyrian children born in Turkey, Turkish to\nthe Syrian refugees, and SADA Centre, a\nsafe social space for Syrian and Turkish\nwomen providing childcare and referral\nservices as well as language, vocational and\nempowerment skills development.\n\n\nTurkey continued to host the\n\n**largest** refugee population\n\nin the world\n\n\nIdentification and referral of **60,000**\n\nchildren and **36,000** SGBV survivors\n\nto tailored protection services\n\n\n**120,000** children received\n\npsychosocial support while\n\n**36,000** individuals received legal\n\nassistance and services\n\n\n**59,000** people were assisted with\n\nTurkish language training\n\n\nIn 2019, Syrians were granted\n\n**more work permits** than in the\n\nprevious three years combined\n\n\n**204,000** host community members\n\nand Syrians were involved in\n\nsocial cohesion programmes while\n\n**124,000** youth were engaged in\n\nempowerment programmes\n\n\n\nSupport to Municipal Services was also\n\nstrengthened in 2019 benefitting more than\n\n2.5 million refugees and host community\n\nmembers in 8 municipalities.\n\n\nIn 2019, Health sector partners complemented\n\nMinistry of Health\u2019s efforts to increase access\n\nto health services provided through 191\n\nMigrant Health Centers operational across\n\nthe country and improve service quality.\n\nTraining for Turkish and Syrian personnel as\n\nwell as operational support from 3RP partners\n\nresulted in both an increase in the number\n\nof consultations and higher satisfaction by\n\npatients.\n\n\nMore than 680,000 Syrian children were\n\nenrolled in formal education in the 2019-2020\n\nschool year. 562,536 Syrian children were\n\nprovided with Conditional Cash Transfers for\n\nEducation which applies a unique approach\n\nthat integrates social protection and cohesion,\n\nchild protection and educational elements.\n\n\nIn tandem with the trend of increased number\n\nof work permits being granted, 3RP partners in\n\nthe livelihoods, food security, and agriculture\n\nsectors provided employability support to\n\nTurkish and Syrian individuals and small\n\nbusinesses through placement into formal\n\njobs, cash for work, self-employment, or\n\nagricultural income generation opportunities.\n\n\nSocial cohesion efforts were also scaled-up to\n\nreinforce Turkey\u2019s Harmonization Strategy and\n\nAction Plan, with 3RP partners engaging with\n\nover 150 local institutions to organize joint\n\nevents, dialogue and interaction.\n\n\n\nIn 2019, the number of Syrians registered under\n\ntemporary protection remained stable at more\n\nthan 3.57 million. The Law on Foreigners and\n\nInternational Protection and the Temporary\n\nProtection Regulation continued to provide\n\na strong legal framework for the legal stay,\n\nregistration, and access to rights and services\n\nfor Syrians in Turkey. The closure of Temporary\n\nAccommodation Centers (TAC) initiated in\n\n2018 continued in 2019, with 98 percent of\n\nthe registered Syrians [2] now living within host\n\ncommunities. One-time cash transfers to\n\nmore than 47,000 beneficiaries supported\n\nthis transition from TACs to living within host\n\ncommunities.\n\n\n3RP partners supported the inclusion of Syrians\n\nin national systems and recorded significant\n\nprogress across the board. 3RP support of\n\nnational services was complemented by efforts\n\nto promote social cohesion, self-reliance and\n\ndurable solutions.\n\n\nThe 3RP contributed to the protection of Syrians\n\nby supporting increased access to protection\n\nservices including tailored protection services,\n\npsychosocial support, access to justice, and\n\naccess to information such as on refugees\u2019\n\nrights and available services which 598,000\n\nindividuals received while 132,000 individuals\n\nwere given specific information to help prevent\n\nand mitigate the risks of SGBV.\n\n\nBasic needs partners further scaled up\n\ncash-based interventions to provide social\n\nassistance as well as in-kind assistance,\n\nshelter and WASH support cumulatively\n\nreaching over 2.16 million beneficiaries in\n\n2019. Cash transfers, representing nearly\n\nhalf of the funding, reached almost 2 million\n\nindividuals including 1.75 million people who\n\nbenefitted from the Emergency Social Safety\n\nNet programme.\n\n\n\nto strengthen this and continue to implement\n\nHumanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus.\n\n\nThere are four pillars which the progress would\n\nbe measured, such as protecting people,\n\npursuing durable solutions, supporting\n\ndignified lives, and enhancing national and\n\nlocal capacities. In order to promote the\n\ncomplementarity of the response to Syria crisis\n\nin the regional and country levels, 3RP will\n\ncontinue to strive for effective coordination\n\nand ensure impact of programming by also\n\nacknowledging the work done outside of\n\n3RP structures which include international\n\nfinancial institutions, development actors and\n\nother international organisations.\n\n\n\nThe Regional Strategic Overview (RSO) 2019\n2020 set out eight strategic directions to\n\nprovide high-level parameters for the regional\n\nresponse.\n\n\nThe 2019-2020 strategic directions\n\nencompassed strengthening the capacities of\n\nnational authorities, enhancing the protection\n\nof and opportunities for durable solutions to\n\nthe refugees, promoting resilience approach,\n\ncreating conditions and opportunities\n\nfor dignified lives, and ensuring effective\n\naccountability mechanisms. In the course of\n\n2019, 3RP partners carried out a consultative\n\nregional process to identify the strategic\n\ndirections for the following year considering\n\nthat most of these strategic directions had\n\n\n\nalready been embedded in the refugee\n\nresponse and resilience programme across\n\nthe region. It was mutually agreed that the\n\nnew strategic directions need more focus\n\non collective impact, and the importance of\n\nfurther incorporating global frameworks,\n\nsuch as the Global Compact on Refugees, the\n\nSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and\n\nAgenda 2030.\n\n\nAs a result of this process, 3RP partners\n\nagreed that the RSO 2020-2021 would seek\n\nto promote resilience for all guided by the\n\nprinciple of \u2018Leaving no one behind\u2019. The\n\nresilience approach continues to be central to\n\nthe regional and host country-level responses\n\nto the Syria crisis. 3RP partners are committed\n\n\n**PROMOTING RESILIENCE FOR ALL | LEAVING NO-ONE BEHIND**\n\n\n\n**Advancing the Global**\n**Compact for Refugees**\n\n\n\n**Strengthening the**\n**Humanitarian-Development-**\n**Peace Nexus**\n\n\n\n**No Lost** **Contributing** **Broad & Inclusive**\n**Generation** **to the SDGs** **Partnerships**\n\n\n\n**ACCOUNTABILITY** **LEARNING & INNOVATION**\n\n\n\n2 Syrians referred in Turkey page are registered under temporary protection\n\n8 **Annual Report 2019** 9\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annual Report 2019\n## **Lebanon INNOVATION Jordan INNOVATION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Food**\n**Security**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**243,204** individuals were assisted\n\nwith temporary access to adequate\n\nquantity of safe water\n\n\n**76,616** persons were assisted with\n\ntheir hospital bills\n\n\n**72,231** Individuals benefitted from\n\ncounselling, legal assistance and\n\nlegal representation regarding\n\ncivil registration including birth\n\nregistration, marriage\n\n\n**237,929** children and youth were\n\npartially covered or fully subsidized\n\nwith registration fees for public\n\neducation\n\n\n**17,443** people worked on public\n\ninfrastructures and environmental\n\nassets upgrading\n\n\n\nSince 2017, the response to the multifaceted\n\nramifications of the Syrian crisis has been\n\nguided by the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n(LCRP), jointly developed by the humanitarian\n\ncommunity and the Government of Lebanon,\n\ncovering a multi-year period up to 2020.\n\nThe response aims to ensure protection\n\nand provide immediate assistance to the\n\nmost vulnerable populations, primarily the\n\ndisplaced population from Syria, the host\n\ncommunities, the Palestine refugees in\n\nLebanon and from Syria, while it also aims to\n\nstrengthen the capacity of national and local\n\nservice delivery systems to expand access to\n\nand quality of basic services. Additionally, it\n\nreinforces Lebanon\u2019s economic, social and\n\nenvironmental stability. The LCRP uses a\n\nneeds-based approach adapting to experience\n\nand changes in context.\n\n\n2019 marked the third year of the four-year\n\nplan with 3.2 million individuals identified as\n\nin need of assistance and 2.7 million targeted\n\nby the response. By end of 2019, a total of\n\n1,877,825 individuals were reached by the\n\nLCRP through one or several of the 10 sectors.\n\nFunding shortages, imbalances and gaps in\n\nmulti-year funding remains key obstacles and\n\nsectors like Livelihoods, Shelter and Energy\n\ncontinue to struggle. For the 2019 appeal of\n\nUS$2.62 billion, 55% were available (US$1.23\n\nbillion received in 2019 and US$0.2 billion carry\n\nover from 2018).\n\n\n\n2019 marked the beginning of an\n\nunprecedented economic and financial crisis\n\nin the country further impairing the capacities\n\nof already vulnerable Lebanese and refugees\n\nto subsist. Poverty level amongst displaced\n\nSyrians and Lebanese has risen, aggravated by\n\na series of emergencies from natural disasters\n\nto evictions further crippling people\u2019s ability\n\nto cope with crisis. Data shows that 55 % of\n\nSyrians are severely economically vulnerable\n\ncompared to 51% in 2018. Civil and legal\n\ndocumentation remains a challenge with only\n\n22% of individuals above 15 years old reported\n\nto have legal residency. On a positive note,\n\nbirth registration rate reached 30% in 2019\n\nand almost all births since 2011 have at least\n\na birth certificate from hospitals or midwives.\n\nSome US$ 455 million (31 % of total funding)\n\nwas injected into the local economy by LCRP\n\npartners through direct cash assistance.\n\n\nThe situation remains precarious with many\n\nrefugees continuing to rely on assistance\n\nto survive. This is particularly relevant for\n\nfemale-headed households that remain more\n\nvulnerable than male-headed households.\n\nPersons living with disabilities face\n\nconsiderable challenges to access livelihoods\n\nand services autonomously. Children are\n\namong the most vulnerable, particularly\n\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n3RP partners have been able to mitigate the\n\ndeterioration of vulnerabilities, but not halt\n\nthem completely.\n\n\n\nSignificant development was observed\n\nin the area of health which the GoJ rolled\n\nback regulations limiting refugee access to\n\nsubsidized healthcare including maternity and\n\nchildhood services. However, complex and\n\nlong-term care needs continue to exceed the\n\nmeans of most refugee households requiring\n\nsustained support.\n\n\nBy the end of 2019, U$$ 73,912,000 had been\n\ndistributed as basic needs cash assistance to\n\n186,000 vulnerable refugees who live outside\n\nof camps. 3RP partners supported access to\n\nappropriate and safely managed sanitation\n\nsystems for 115,000 people in refugee camps\n\nand improved supply and sanitation for more\n\nthan 76,500 people through construction\n\nand rehabilitation of water and wastewater\n\nnetworks.\n\n\nShelter remains the least-funded sector\n\nin Jordan leaving the needs of 80% of the\n\nSyrian refugees living outside the camps\n\nunaddressed. Furthermore, more than 70% of\n\nthe shelters in Zaatari and Azraq camps need\n\nrehabilitation.\n\n\n47,766 work permits were issued during 2019\n\nwhile only 5.8 percent were issued to women.\n\nDespite policies that support employment\n\nand self-employment activities in Jordan,\n\nthe informal labor market continues to be\n\nthe main source of income for refugees, in\n\npart due to limited numbers work permits\n\nand low wages. Additionally, women\u2019s labor\n\nforce participation continues to be of concern\n\ngiven enduring systematic issues including\n\nlack of adequate transport and childcare and\n\nsociocultural barriers.\n\n\n\n\n\nBy the end of 2019, the total number of Syrian\n\nrefugees in Jordan was 654,692 individuals\n\nwith 20.4 percent of them identified as having\n\nspecific needs. While 29,400 registered\n\nrefugees returned to Syria with a slow rate in\n\n2019 after the re-opening of the Jaber border\n\ncrossing in 2018, humanitarian needs remain\n\ngreat and continued support for the refugee\n\nresponse is critical. Throughout 2019, the\n\nGovernment of Jordan (GoJ) continued to\n\nhighlight the impact of hosting refugees on\n\nthe country\u2019s infrastructure and economy\n\nand consistently reiterated the need for more\n\nresponsibility and burden sharing by the\n\ninternational community.\n\n\nProtection partners supported 64,519 Syrian\n\nrefugees and asylum seekers access legal\n\nassistance via improved nationwide legal\n\nservice referral systems and training of and\n\nadvocacy with the Civil Status Department\n\nwhich strengthened awareness on civil\n\nregistration. Conforming to the commitment to\n\nstrengthen national systems, Jordanian SGBV\n\nsurvivors were provided with psychosocial\n\nsupport along with Syrian survivors through\n\npartnering with local organisations. Programs\n\nat 16 Community Support Centers (CSCs)\n\nsupported social cohesion as Syrians and host\n\ncommunities come together to partake in joint\n\nactivities and address emerging issues.\n\n\nIn line with the 2018-2022 Education Strategic\n\nPlan for Jordan, the education sector\n\nprioritized education access, equity and\n\nquality, universalized pre-primary education,\n\ninclusive education for children with\n\ndisabilities, and a safe learning environment.\n\n\n\n**21,230** Syrian refugees received\n\nbirth certificates, which reduced\n\nthe risk of statelessness\n\n\n**51,273** households in Zaatari and\n\nAzraq camps have been provided\n\nwith non-food items\n\n\n**22** businesses run by Syrian\n\nrefuges were fully registered in\n\nJordan\n\n\nSocial cohesion was promoted\n\nthrough supporting **173,000** Syrian\n\nand Jordanian school children with\n\ndeveloping critical life skills\n\n\n**4,483** Syrian refugees were\n\nresettled\n\n\n\n10 **Annual Report 2019** 11\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.8025506734848022, - "start": 435, - "end": 436 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8611041307449341, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.77996426820755, - "start": 407, - "end": 408 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "birth registration rate", - "confidence": 0.9318501353263855, - "start": 481, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8403805494308472, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals above 15 years old", - "confidence": 0.6706401109695435, - "start": 465, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annual Report 2019\n## **Iraq INNOVATION Egypt INNOVATION**\n\n\n\n**FUNDING**\n\n**89m received**\n\n\n\n**FUNDING**\n\n**64m received**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**92,092** Syrian refugees accessed\n\nwater through an improved water\n\nnetwork\n\n\n**2,251** Syrian children received\n\ncash assistance for education\n\nto support education and avoid\n\ncoping strategies which lead them\n\nto school drop-out\n\n\n**15,094** Syrian refugees received\n\nreferrals from Primary Healthcare\n\n(PHC) Centres to secondary and\n\ntertiary medical care\n\n\n**3,554** Syrian refugees provided\n\nwith temporary employment\n\nactivities\n\n\n**22,389** Syrian refugee children\n\nwere reached through sustained\n\npsychosocial support programmes\n\n\n\n**\u2018Learning through Play\u2019**\n**Initiative**\n\n\nIn collaboration with local actors, 3RP\npartners distributed 1,200 LEGO play boxes\nto nurseries, refugee kindergartens and\ncommunity schools, refugee community\ncentres and primary health care units\nthroughout Egypt and a total of 59,149\nrefugee and host community children\nbenefitted. Play is an effective way to\nacquire essential life skills including\nphysical, creative, cognitive, social and\nemotional, and promotes quality learning.\nPlay is also used as psychosocial support\nand address the needs of children who\nhave experienced abuse, violence and any\nother forms of traumatic experiences. 1,309\nteachers, facilitators and practitioners were\ntrained on using the LEGO bricks to engage\nchildren through play and help them build\ntheir resilience and strengthen peaceful coexistence.\n\n\n**112,126** acute primary health care\n\nconsultations provided to Syrian\n\nrefugees\n\n\n**77, 620** vulnerable Syrian refugees\n\nreached with general food\n\nassistance on a monthly basis\n\n\n**44,797** Syrian refugee children\n\nenrolled in formal and non-formal\n\neducation\n\n\n**429** persons were supported to\n\nestablish and/or enlarge their\n\nbusiness\n\n\n**10,922** Syrian households assisted\n\nwith unconditional cash grants in\n\nthe 2019, based on protection and\n\nsocio-economic criteria\n\n\n**1,987** Syrian refugees departed to\n\n10 resettlement countries\n\n\n\nDespite the challenging political climate in Iraq,\n\nthe new Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)\n\ncabinet, the economic climate and the increase\n\nin Syrian new arrivals from North and East Syria\n\n(NES), the overall protection environment in\n\nthe Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I) remained\n\nlargely favourable in 2019. However, the\n\nabsence of an effective legal framework\n\nfor refugee protection in Iraq continued to\n\npreclude longer-term residency rights and\n\nother legal benefits for Syrian refugees. The\n\ndifficult economic situation has negatively\n\naffected the livelihood opportunities of Iraqis\n\nand Syrian refugees alike and has stretched\n\nexisting public services and hosting capacities.\n\nLack of access to sustainable employment\n\nand livelihood opportunities was the main\n\nvulnerability reported by Syrian refugees in\n\nneeds and remained a root cause of protection\n\nissues contributing to refugees seeking\n\nrelocation to camps.\n\n\nGiven the protracted displacement of the\n\nmajority of the Syrian population, the\n\nresponse aims at a gradual transition from an\n\nemergency humanitarian response to a longer\nterm solutions-oriented approach with a focus\n\non self-reliance and inclusion of refugees in\n\nstrengthened public services and national\n\nsystems. The Protection Sector invested in\n\ncapacity-building activities and maintained\n\nclose collaboration with the Ministry of Labour\n\nand Social Affairs. The Education Sector\n\n\n\ninitiated its support to the further development\n\nof the Ministry of Education\u2019s Education\n\nIntegration Policy for Syrian Refugees. The\n\nHealth, Shelter and WASH Sectors focused\n\non exploring avenues to remove duplication\n\nof assistance between humanitarian and\n\npublic services, including the integration of\n\nprotracted refugee camps into the surrounding\n\nmunicipalities. Lastly, the Basic Needs and\n\nFood Sectors are shifting towards more cost\neffective approaches that empower refugees to\n\nreduce their debt and become more resilient,\n\nsuch as longer-term assistance, creating\n\nlinkages with the Livelihoods Sector, replacing\n\nin-kind assistance with cash assistance, and\n\ninvesting in new cash-out technologies.\n\n\nBy end of 2019, some 19,000 Syrian refugees\n\narrived in KR-I since the start of the NES\n\nemergency and additional programming\n\nwas put in place to cater to the humanitarian\n\nand basic needs of the newly arrived refugee\n\npopulation. The majority of new arrivals is\n\nresiding is camps and shelter, WASH facilities\n\nand protection services are provided to all\n\nnew arrivals. Basic needs, food, education\n\nand health assistance was provided on a basis\n\nsimilar to assistance provided in the existing\n\nrefugee camps in KR-I. The key protection\n\nconcern for new arrivals remains restricted\n\nfreedom of movement, including lack of clear\n\nand harmonized clearance procedures to leave\n\nthe camp.\n\n\n\nBy the end of 2019, almost 70,000 Syrian\n\nchildren and youth accessed protection\nrelated assistance including participation\n\nin community-based psychosocial support\n\nand child protection activities; benefits from\n\nmultisectoral case management; activities on\n\nSGBV prevention and response; and referral\n\nto legal partners for assistance. UNHCR\n\ncontinued to seek long-term solutions for\n\nrefugees, primarily through resettlement.\n\n\nOver 77,000 vulnerable Syrian refugees\n\nreceived food vouchers on a monthly basis\n\nand a total of 53,500 Syrian individuals\n\n(12,038 families) were provided with monthly\n\nmulti-purpose cash assistance to meet their\n\nbasic needs. Furthermore, a total of 22,793\n\nSyrian refugee households received winter\n\nassistance.\n\n\nIn 2019, 44,875 Syrian refugee children (21,665\n\ngirls, 23,210 boys) of school-going age received\n\neducation grants helping them to enrol in\n\nschools.\n\n\n3RP partners supported 19 health care facilities\n\nunder the Ministry of Health and Population\n\nthrough provision of equipment and training of\n\n1,021 staff. In total, 29,659 PHC consultations\n\nand 1,071 mental health consultations were\n\nprovided to Syrian refugees in 2019.\n\n\nWhile access to formal work opportunities\n\nremains a challenge to Syrian refugees and\n\nhost communities, the livelihoods sector\n\npartners continued to provide access to\n\nalternative livelihood opportunities and to\n\nfoster resilience among communities.\n\n\n\nBy the end of 2019, UNHCR Egypt registered a\n\ntotal of 129,210 Syrian refugees and asylum\nseekers which 17 percent of them are identified\n\nas persons with specific needs. Syrians\n\ncontinued to have access to public education\n\nand health services at an equal level with\n\nEgyptian nationals.\n\n\nThe Government of Egypt (GoE) continued to\n\nreinforce vigilance on mixed movements and\n\naccess to the country remained controlled\n\nforcing many people seeking international\n\nprotection to enter the country irregularly.\n\nThe increase in costs and lengthy processing\n\nperiods for residence permits and civil status\n\ndocumentation presented further difficulties\n\nfor refugees in Egypt.\n\n\nThe GoE continued to allow national\n\ninstitutions to absorb and respond to the\n\nincreasing demand presented by refugees\n\nand asylum-seekers on public services. Egypt\n\nalso showed interest in enhancing its role in\n\nasylum management and announced that it\n\nhad started to draft a national asylum law.\n\n\nIn 2019, underfunding remained a major\n\nchallenge for 3RP partners in meeting the\n\npressing needs of the refugee population.\n\nWith roughly 43% funding, 3RP partners\n\ncontinued to respond to the needs of Syrian\n\nrefugees across the five sectors of assistance:\n\nProtection, Education, Basic Needs and\n\nLivelihoods, Health and Food Security.\n\n\n\n12 **Annual Report 2019** 13\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d34cd24-6e01-3f5c-8c00-0f3d92eaea8d/76670.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_208/raw/doc_208_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_208/raw/doc_208_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 55c87bc05424d8f6a9fe5fcf49148ff22cf5a9c9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_208/raw/doc_208_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "In the context of the COVID pandemic, information can be life-saving and is crucial to ensure equal\nand non-discriminatory access to health and other basic services. Refugees, asylum-seekers,\ninternally displaced (IDPs) and stateless persons should have access to clear, factual and updated\ninformation to be able to protect themselves, their families and the communities in which they live.\nIn Europe, one of UNHCR\u2019s operational priorities in response to the pandemic is therefore to\nsupport public health efforts by ensuring that all persons of concern to the Agency have access to\ninformation in languages, formats, and media that are contextually appropriate and accessible to\nall groups within the different communities.\n\nMoreover, two-way communication is essential to enable persons of concern to share their\nfeedback, ideas, and proposed solutions to be part of the COVID response. In Europe, as in other\nparts of the world, refugees and other persons of concern have mobilized in different ways to\nsupport the response. In Europe, refugee networks have been essential in the development and\ndissemination of prevention and hygiene messages. Volunteers are supporting outreach to the\nmost vulnerable and are filling gaps in service provision created by movement restrictions and\noffice closures, including through peer-to-peer support, developing online activities and the\ndistribution of material support. An increasing number of refugees with medical profiles are\nengaged in the medical response, while others are involved in the production of masks and other\nessentials. UNHCR\u2019s continued engagement with communities allows for its activities to\ncomplement and reinforce such initiatives.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s continuous dialogue with communities during the COVID response in Europe has also\nfacilitated monitoring and analysis of the dynamic and rapidly changing situation in each country\nand evolving protection risks facing persons of concern with a view to develop targeted operational\nresponses and advocacy approaches. While the issues raised by persons of concern vary depending\non their specific situation and across operations, many of their questions relate to ongoing\ngovernment restrictions and access to services, including health services, as well as changes in\nasylum procedures and procedures to obtain or renew documentation. Across the continent,\npersons of concern are also increasingly raising concerns about the loss of livelihoods \u2013 often in\nthe informal sector that does not provide safety nets - and other socio-economic difficulties caused\nby public health measures to combat the pandemic.\n\nMany government authorities, UNHCR offices and partners, as well as communities themselves,\nhave developed new and innovative communication approaches as part of the COVID response.\nThese positive practices, if maintained and adapted as needed, can contribute to enhanced\ncommunity engagement across Europe also after the public health emergency has subsided.\n\nThis paper is an initial compilation of the promising practices on risk communication and community\nengagement that have developed in Europe during the COVID pandemic, in complementarity to\nthe UNHCR\u2019s Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the\nContext of the COVID-19 Pandemic. [1] It seeks to document and share such practices, but also to\ninspire new initiatives, foster exchange, and further develop a community of practice within the\nregion.\n\n\n1 UNHCR Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, 9 April 2020,\n[available online at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75453](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75453)\n\n\nPage 1/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communication needs of persons of concern against a backdrop of physical distancing and\nmovement restriction. These restrictions have required government authorities, UNHCR and\npartners to enhance and diversify the ways in which they reach out to persons of concern, and\nvice-versa.\n\nPersons of concern are benefiting from a rapid increase of online tools and platforms to connect,\ninform and support them during lockdown and isolation. However, not everyone has the\nconnectivity or equipment to use such resources. Children, older persons and persons with\ndisabilities are often left behind, as are asylum-seekers, refugees, IDPs or stateless persons that\nare homeless, staying in informal settlements or in reception centres that are not technically\nequipped. Concerted efforts are therefore required to effectively reach all populations of concern.\n\nDue regard should also be given to data protection considerations when using online platforms,\nincluding by opting for privacy-friendly platforms and tools whenever feasible. When these are not\navailable and/or accessible by persons of concern, data protection risks should be mitigated as\nmuch as possible by minimizing the transmission of personal data, and persons of concern should\nbe informed of such potential risks to be able to provide informed consent.\n\n### Call centres and hotlines:\n\nGovernments across Europe have established multi-lingual hotlines and call centres to immediately\nrespond to questions from the general public on the virus. Many of these are available or have\nbeen adapted to persons of concern, for example:\n\n\u2713 In the United Kingdom, the UK Home Office has set up a **Coronavirus Immigration Help**\n\n**Centre**, which responds to immigration-related queries. The National Health Service (NHS)\nhotline responds to any medical questions and has interpreters available. [2]\n\n\u2713 The German Commissioner for Integration provides **official information on a website**,\n\nincluding a hotline. [3] The Ministry of Health in cooperation with the Ethno\u2013Medical Centre\nhas also established a specific webpage for information related to COVID. [4]\n\n\u2713 In Turkey, in addition to existing hotlines on a variety of issues, **the Ministry of Health**\n\n**has** **established a new hotline to respond to queries related to COVID**, which\noperates on a 24-hour basis. Government agencies also actively disseminate information\nabout COVID through TV, twitter and the web pages of the various Ministries.\n\n\u2713 In Sweden, **regional hotlines** have been established in \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland and Stockholm. [5]\n\nUNHCR and partner hotlines were in place in most operations in Europe prior to the COVID\noutbreak. [6] However, a number of operations have significantly expanded their capacity to remain\naccessible to persons of concern during the COVID period and to respond to the increasing needs.\n\n\n[2 The Immigration Help Centre is available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-uk-visa-applicants-and-temporary-](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-uk-visa-applicants-and-temporary-uk-residents#helpline)\n[uk-residents#helpline](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-uk-visa-applicants-and-temporary-uk-residents#helpline) [and the NHS hotline at: https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&utm_campaign=nhs_services&utm_content=nhs_111.](https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&utm_campaign=nhs_services&utm_content=nhs_111)\n[3 The official website is available at: https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/amt-und-person/informationen-zum-coronavirus](https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/amt-und-person/informationen-zum-coronavirus)\n[4 The official website is available at: https://www.zusammengegencorona.de/en/](https://www.zusammengegencorona.de/en/)\n[5 The hotline for the \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland region is available at: https://www.1177.se/Ostergotland/sa-fungerar-varden/varden-i-ostergotland/samlad-](https://www.1177.se/Ostergotland/sa-fungerar-varden/varden-i-ostergotland/samlad-information-om-coronaviruset/telefonlinje-om-covid-19-pa-olika-sprak/)\n[information-om-coronaviruset/telefonlinje-om-covid-19-pa-olika-sprak/](https://www.1177.se/Ostergotland/sa-fungerar-varden/varden-i-ostergotland/samlad-information-om-coronaviruset/telefonlinje-om-covid-19-pa-olika-sprak/) and the hotline for the Stockholm region is available at:\n[https://www.transkulturelltcentrum.se/aktuellt/telefonlinje-om-corona-for-nyanlanda/](https://www.transkulturelltcentrum.se/aktuellt/telefonlinje-om-corona-for-nyanlanda/)\n6 In Europe, 31 out of 34 UNHCR offices have direct and two-way communication with persons of concern (hotlines/call centres and dedicated\nemail addresses). In the remaining offices, communication with communities is maintained through partners.\n\n\nPage 2/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2713 In Turkey, the **UNHCR counselling line** enables refugees and asylum-seekers to ask\n\nquestions and seek counselling and information, including about COVID, in Arabic, English,\nFarsi, French, Hindi, Kurdish, Pashto, Somali, Turkish and Urdu.\n\n\u2713 In Malta, **UNHCR and partners have also set up new helplines**, which are supported\n\nby interpreters in the main languages spoken by asylum-seekers and refugees, and can\nreceive calls, voice messages, SMS and WhatsApp messages.\n\n\u2713 In Azerbaijan, **UNHCR counselling hours have been expanded** as a consequence of a\n\nsharp increase in the number of calls from persons of concern.\n\n\u2713 In Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Red Cross is operating a hotline in six languages. Specific\n\n**guidance was provided to hotline staff** on how to respond to questions on COVID.\n\n### Visual and auditory material:\n\nVideos and auditory material with risk mitigation and hygiene messages have been effective tools\nin the COVID response, in particular when developed by, and featuring, persons of concern.\n\n\u2713 **Informational videos** are available in Austria, [7] Italy, [8] and Sweden [9] . In the United\n\nKingdom, a Local Council has also translated COVID videos into several languages. [10]\n\n\u2713 The Berlin State Office for Refugee Affairs has **launched podcasts in several languages**\n\nwith general information about COVID, as well as specific advice related to Ramadan. [11]\n\n\u2713 In Luxembourg, the **#LIHTellMeWhy campaign of the Institute of Health** develops\n\ncartoons on a weekly basis to explain COVID in an easy and child-friendly manner. [12]\n\n\u2713 In the Netherlands, the Dutch Council for Refugees is **posting weekly video blogs** on\n\nYouTube for asylum-seeking and refugee children instead of their regular activities in the\nreception facilities. The blogs contain information about COVID and ideas for activities. [13]\n\n\u2713 In Greece, UNHCR has worked in collaboration with the NGO Solidarity Now to **develop**\n\n**regular podcasts** in different languages to explain prevention and hygiene messages,\npromote mental health and support refugee youth. [14]\n\n\u2713 In the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania, a **WHO video with prevention measures**\n\nwas translated into different languages and is regularly played for persons living there.\n\n\u2713 In Ukraine, **webinars were organized with IDPs** to share information on COVID and\n\nother relevant issues, such as local housing and IDP programs. [15]\n\n\n[7 Videos are available online at: https://help.unhcr.org/austria/covid-19-coronavirus-information/protective-measures-and-general-information/](https://help.unhcr.org/austria/covid-19-coronavirus-information/protective-measures-and-general-information/)\n[8 Videos are available online at: https://coronavirus.jumamap.com/it_it/video/](https://coronavirus.jumamap.com/it_it/video/)\n[9 Videos are available online at: https://tellcorona.com/language/english/](https://tellcorona.com/language/english/)\n[10 Videos are available online at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLggQFjpTLgpIq0r7-nFO9mT6j8Yk2vKBt](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLggQFjpTLgpIq0r7-nFO9mT6j8Yk2vKBt)\n[11 Podcasts are available online at: https://www.berlin.de/laf/leistungen/gesundheit/infektionsschutz/#download_quarant%C3%A4ne](https://www.berlin.de/laf/leistungen/gesundheit/infektionsschutz/#download_quarant%C3%A4ne)\n12 The website of the Luxembourg Institute of Health is available online at: [https://www.lih.lu/page/tell-me-why](https://www.lih.lu/page/tell-me-why)\n[13 Video blogs is available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JFluy3c8Ww](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JFluy3c8Ww)\n\n[14 Podcasts are available online at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3_NlSfsgtzTCaaIHj1L4o51YdamcsZZt](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fplaylist%3Flist%3DPL3_NlSfsgtzTCaaIHj1L4o51YdamcsZZt&data=02%7C01%7Cdulin%40unhcr.org%7Cfaa9c2be50da4934365808d7eb3d9d5e%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637236522177189229&sdata=hyylmfVC1XIETLx7oNt9Ei52WA11ED38QCUSWaBu9LA%3D&reserved=0)\n[15 All the recordings of the webinars are available on YouTube. See, for example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw6iBsDN8AY&t=198s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw6iBsDN8AY&t=198s)\n\n\nPage 3/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Social media:\n\nIn response to the COVID crisis, refugees and other persons of concern have mobilized through\nsocial media to share information and offer support. Social media has also provided government\nauthorities, UNHCR and partners with a rapid, effective and low-cost medium of communication\nwith displaced and stateless communities during the pandemic.\n\n\u2713 In Ukraine, IDPs set up **Viber groups and Telegram channels** to support communities\n\nin conflict-affected areas. A telegram channel was also launched by a UNHCR partner, to\nshare daily government updates on the COVID situation with refugee communities in six\nlanguages, with 180 persons subscribed so far. [16]\n\n\u2713 In Turkey, **a WhatsApp tree has been established** by UNHCR during the COVID period,\n\nwhich currently reaches 10,165 persons of concern across the country.\n\n\u2713 **WhatApp and Viber groups** are also used by UNHCR and its partners as two-way\n\ncommunication channels with communities in Georgia, Malta, Montenegro and Moldova.\n\n\u2713 In Sweden, the Cooperative Organization for Immigrant Unions in Uppsala has set up\n\n**[WhatsApp groups on COVID in 15 languages](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/covid-19s-impact-on-migrant-communities)** to help people find reliable information\nin their own language. [17]\n\n### Other digital platforms:\n\n\u2713 **Refugies.info**, an online platform managed by the inter-ministerial delegation in charge\n\nof reception and integration of refugees (Diair) in France, provides persons of concern with\nupdated information about COVID. [18] The content of the website is developed together with\nrefugee volunteers and responds to questions raised by refugees and asylum-seekers,\nincluding through a live chat-function which offers individualized responses.\n\n\u2713 In Italy, the **JUMA** **multi-lingual** **information portal** provides persons of concern with\n\naccess to information on COVID, health advisories, regulations and movement restrictions,\nadministrative procedures and available services. [19] The portal includes videos, podcasts,\nand service mapping. Links to the portal are available on the website of the Italian Ministry\nof Health and other national institutions .\n\n\u2713 In Germany, important information on COVID in several languages has been included in\n\nonline apps, such as **Integreat,** which is often used by refugees and migrants. [20]\n\n\u2713 The digital **Services Advisor** in Turkey shows updated services and activities related to\n\nthe COVID response, implemented by UN agencies, NGOs and local authorities. [21]\n\n\u2713 In the Netherlands, a **coalition of refugee-led organizations**, the Refugee Corona\n\nAction Committee, has set up a help desk to respond to questions on COVID. [22]\n\n\n[16 The telegram channel is available online at: https://t.me/the_tenth_of_april](https://t.me/the_tenth_of_april)\n[17 SIU is an umbrella organization of about 40 immigrant associations in Uppsala; their website is available at: http://www.siuppsala.se/](http://www.siuppsala.se/)\n[18 The online platform can be accessed here: https://www.refugies.info/homepage](https://www.refugies.info/homepage)\n[19 The online platform can be accessed here: https://coronavirus.jumamap.com/it_it/](https://coronavirus.jumamap.com/it_it/)\n20 The application is available online at: [https://integreat-app.de/](https://integreat-app.de/)\n[21 The Services Advisor is available online at: https://turkey.servicesadvisor.org/en](https://turkey.servicesadvisor.org/en)\n[22 The helpdesk of the Refugee Corona Action Committee is available online at: https://www.facebook.com/C19helpdesk](https://www.facebook.com/C19helpdesk)\n\n\nPage 4/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2713 In Austria, the authorities have supported an **innovative app** which enables refugees and\n\nasylum-seekers to access real-time and updated news, including COVID information, from\nthe authorities, as well as translated TV content through sub-titles in different languages. [25]\n\n\u2713 **Diaspora TV Switzerland**, an independent TV station, provides broadcasts for refugees\n\nand migrants in Switzerland in 8 languages, which also includes information about COVID. [26]\n\n### Remote survey and feedback mechanisms:\n\n\u2713 UNHCR in Spain has launched a **COVID online questionnaire** to consult 750 refugees\n\nand asylum-seekers on protection concerns during the COVID crisis. These consultations\nallow UNHCR to reach out to a broader range of individuals and to assess the specific\nsituation of at-risk groups, such as older persons and persons with disabilities.\n\n\u2713 In Germany, UNHCR has conducted **two virtual focus group discussions** to obtain\n\ninformation from persons of concern regarding their current situation and needs.\n\n\u2713 In Moldova, the NGO Law Centre of Advocates is **contacting every refugee family** **by**\n\n**phone** to compile their feedback and provide socio-economic counselling, if needed.\n\n\u2713 In other operations, such as Azerbaijan, **remote household surveys** are conducted to\n\nidentify and support persons with specific needs, including through cash-based\ninterventions.\n\n### UNHCR help page and official webpages:\n\n\u2713 11 UNHCR offices in the region have a **dedicated UNHCR help page** . [27] All of these pages\n\nnow include information about COVID, current restrictions and available services.\n\n\u2713 Other offices have included **information about COVID on their** **websites**, for example\n\nin Belgium [28], Bulgaria [29], France [30], Germany [31], Ireland [32], Poland [33] and the United Kingdom [34] .\n\n\u2713 In Northern Europe **,** **links to the national authorities\u2019 official websites** in the eight\n\ncountries in that region are shared through the UNHCR website. [35]\n\n\n[23 The chat bot for refugees is available online at: https://www.facebook.com/RefugeeHelperBot/](https://www.facebook.com/RefugeeHelperBot/)\n[24 The chat bot for IDPs is available online at: https://www.facebook.com/IDP.legal.aid](https://www.facebook.com/IDP.legal.aid)\n[25 The application is available online at: https://www.uugot.it/](https://www.uugot.it/)\n26 The website of Diaspora TV Switzerland is available at: http://www.diaspora-tv.ch/\n27 These 11 offices are in Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Cyprus, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Switzerland, Turkey\n[and Ukraine. The UNHCR HELP page is available online at: https://help.unhcr.org/](https://help.unhcr.org/)\n[28 The webpage for UNHCR in Belgium and Luxemburg is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/be/26347-guide-covid-19-pour-les-demandeurs-](https://www.unhcr.org/be/26347-guide-covid-19-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile-et-les-refugies-en-belgique-et-au-luxembourg.html)\n[dasile-et-les-refugies-en-belgique-et-au-luxembourg.html](https://www.unhcr.org/be/26347-guide-covid-19-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile-et-les-refugies-en-belgique-et-au-luxembourg.html)\n[29 The webpage for UNHCR in Bulgaria is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/bg/info-covid-19](https://www.unhcr.org/bg/info-covid-19)\n[30 The webpage for UNHCR in France is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/avec-les-refugies-en-france-face-au-covid-19.html](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/avec-les-refugies-en-france-face-au-covid-19.html)\n[31 The webpage for UNHCR in Germany is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/aktuelles/coronavirus](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/aktuelles/coronavirus)\n[32 The webpage for UNHCR in Ireland is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/news/updates/2020/3/5e81d1ce4/information-on-covid-19-](https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/news/updates/2020/3/5e81d1ce4/information-on-covid-19-for-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-ireland.html)\n[for-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-ireland.html](https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/news/updates/2020/3/5e81d1ce4/information-on-covid-19-for-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-ireland.html)\n[33 The webpage for UNHCR in Poland is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/pl/3675-covid-19-informacje-dla-cudzoziemcow.html](https://www.unhcr.org/pl/3675-covid-19-informacje-dla-cudzoziemcow.html)\n[34 The webpage for UNHCR in the United Kingdom is available at: https://www.unhcr.org/uk/unhcr-uk-faqs-on-covid-19-in-relation-to-refugees-](https://www.unhcr.org/uk/unhcr-uk-faqs-on-covid-19-in-relation-to-refugees-and-asylum-seekers.html)\n[and-asylum-seekers.html](https://www.unhcr.org/uk/unhcr-uk-faqs-on-covid-19-in-relation-to-refugees-and-asylum-seekers.html)\n[35 The webpage for UNHCR in Northern Europe is available at: www.unhcr.org/neu/35623-information-on-coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html](http://www.unhcr.org/neu/35623-information-on-coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html)\n\n\nPage 5/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection risks and reinforce community initiatives. Building on existing networks in the region,\nUNHCR and its partners seek to mobilize and empower refugees and other persons of concern and\nidentify further opportunities to promote meaningful participation and broader community\nengagement in the COVID response.\n\n\n\n\u2713 In Spain, **refugee focal point volunteers** are reaching out to specific population\n\ngroups who are potentially less connected with civil society and social networks, or\nwho might face communication challenges such as limited access to connectivity and\nlanguage barriers, or vulnerabilities. The feedback that is collected informs UNHCR and\npartner interventions, as part of an ongoing survey.\n\n\u2713 In France, **a network of refugee volunteers** is working with UNHCR, the inter\nministerial delegation in charge of reception and integration of refugees (Diair) and\nNGOs to support the response to COVID. During group discussions and bilateral\nexchanges, refugees share their concerns and give feedback about actions taken by\nstakeholders. Refugees are also involved with information-sharing and translation\nactivities, in the promotion of activities to maintain social ties, and participating in\nworking sessions and events. A series of portraits on the engagement of refugees to\nhelp tackle COVID-related challenges is being published on UNHCR's website. [36 ]\n\n\n\n\u2713 In Ukraine, refugee communities are supporting the **provision of food, hygienic**\n\n**items, financial and housing support** to the most vulnerable community members.\nRefugee women have also developed a **livelihoods project to produce protective**\n**masks for persons of concern** with support by UNHCR (covering production costs\nand the purchase of materials). Masks are distributed at Temporary Accommodation\nCentres and in communities as masks are not easily available on the local market.\n\n\n\n\u2713 IDP communities in Central and Western Ukraine are **taking part in the**\n\n**coordinating committees led by local authorities**, volunteering to help local\nauthorities distribute groceries to older people, running counselling hotlines, and\nconducting psychosocial support and art therapy classes for adolescents online.\n\n\n\n\u2713 In Norway, **community-based organizations and NGOs hold weekly digital**\n\n**meetings with the municipality in Oslo** to gain a better understanding of the\nsituation, discuss needs, and agree on further actions to ensure that everyone,\nincluding persons of concern, comply with public health measures and regulations.\n\n\u2713 In Malta and Cyprus, **refugee representatives and outreach volunteers** act as\n\nthe interface between UNHCR and communities of concern, amplifying the voices of\nthe community and supporting the dissemination of information material. In Georgia,\nexchanges between UNHCR and **IDP community volunteers** ensure that needs are\nidentified in a timely manner and conveyed to the responsible state agency.\n\n\n\n\u2713 A **UNHCR Community Dialogue-Facebook group** was created by refugee\n\ncommunity associations and UNHCR in Austria to maintain an easily accessible twoway communication platform to share information and good practices and identify\nneeds. In addition, the **#CommunityHeroes** initiative presents refugees and\n\n\n\n[36 The refugee portraits are available online at: https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/4/5e9460f74/refugees-offer-medical-experience-help-](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/4/5e9460f74/refugees-offer-medical-experience-help-tackle-coronavirus-crisis-france.html)\n[tackle-coronavirus-crisis-france.html](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/4/5e9460f74/refugees-offer-medical-experience-help-tackle-coronavirus-crisis-france.html)\n\n\nPage 6/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2713 Diverse communities in the Czech Republic, including the Roma and Vietnamese\n\ncommunity, as well as persons of concern, have mobilized to respond to the COVID\npandemic at the local level by **sewing handmade safety masks.** [ 39]\n\n# Prevention and risk education\n\nAcross Europe, national health authorities are taking the lead in the dissemination of risk education\nand hygiene measures to curb the spread of COVID, including to persons of concern. In France,\nfor example, the Ministry of Health has translated all its prevention material into 24 languages to\nmake sure it is accessible to everyone. [40] Similarly, in the United Kingdom, all asylum-seekers\naccommodated in initial accommodation have received translated government guidance to ensure\nthey are aware of relevant advice. In Switzerland, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and\nthe State Secretariat for Migration have produced various factsheets on COVID, which have been\ntranslated into 15 languages and posted in all federal reception centres.\nUNHCR and partners across the region are reinforcing such public health efforts by translating,\nprinting and adapting relevant information material from WHO and national health authorities.\nUNHCR also works closely with communities to ensure that messages are tailored to the cultural,\nlanguage and communication preferences of persons of concern within each context, and adapted\nto the needs of children, older persons, minority groups and persons with disabilities. Additional\nefforts to ensure that risk education reaches all persons of concern include:\n\n\n\n\u2713 In Hungary, UNHCR organises **individual and group counselling on COVID** for\n\nthose who are not connected with civil society networks and might face communication\nchallenges due to limited internet access.\n\n\u2713 In Romania, **a self-isolation guide for asylum-seekers in reception centres**,\n\nwhich describes the key prevention and physical distancing measures, was translated\ninto ten languages and is being distributed to all new arrivals.\n\n\u2713 Along the \u2018contact line\u2019 in Ukraine, many vulnerable households and older persons do\n\nnot have access to television, radio or internet. For this reason, UNHCR and its partner\nProliska **use loudspeakers to communicate COVID prevention messages** **to**\n**isolated communities** in ten locations along the contact line.\n\n\u2713 In Belarus, **a basic COVID leaflet was developed and 6,000 copies distributed**\n\nthrough the Belarusian Red Cross Society among UNHCR partners and in public places\nin Minsk city and in six regions of the country.\n\n\n\n\u2713 UNHCR and partners in Malta are **supporting the authorities with a** **schedule of**\n\n**interpreters for relevant languages** so that asylum-seekers and refugees can call\nthe national COVID helpline for information and support.\n\n\n\n[37 #CommunityHeros is available on the website of UNHCR Austria at: www.unhcr.at/communityheroes](http://www.unhcr.at/communityheroes)\n[38 The website of telephone chain COVID is available at: http://www.thisispublichealth.at/telefon-kette/](http://www.thisispublichealth.at/telefon-kette/)\n[39 UN news story available online at: https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1060802](https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1060802)\n40 These translations are made accessible on the official website of the French Ministry of Health at:\n[https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-et-infections-respiratoires/infection-a-](https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-et-infections-respiratoires/infection-a-coronavirus/articles/coronavirus-outils-de-prevention-destines-aux-professionnels-de-sante-et-au-grand-public#block-240739)\n[coronavirus/articles/coronavirus-outils-de-prevention-destines-aux-professionnels-de-sante-et-au-grand-public#block-240739, as well as on the](https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-et-infections-respiratoires/infection-a-coronavirus/articles/coronavirus-outils-de-prevention-destines-aux-professionnels-de-sante-et-au-grand-public#block-240739)\nDiair website, available at: [https://accueil-integration-refugies.fr/covid-19-la-diair-se-mobilise/.](https://accueil-integration-refugies.fr/covid-19-la-diair-se-mobilise/)\n\n\nPage 7/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Enhancing continued access to services\n\nTwo-way communication with persons of concern has proven to be essential not only to\ndisseminate risk mitigation and hygiene measures, but also to inform persons of concern about\ngovernment restrictions and the availability of protection and assistance services. Such\ncommunication ensures regular feedback to service providers, helps detect and respond to rumours\nand misinformation, and to identify discriminatory practices or difficulties in accessing services. For\nUNHCR and other stakeholders, information gathered through these communications has also\nserved evidence-based advocacy and operational interventions in cooperation with national\nauthorities and partners.\n\n\n\n\u2713 UNHCR in Ukraine has developed a **Q&A for IDPs and conflict-affected persons**\n\n**with the most frequently asked questions regarding the current measures**,\nsuch as movement restrictions, and practical guidance on how to access pensions and\nrenew bank cards. UNHCR partners continue to provide language courses online,\nindividual psychological counselling (via Viber and Skype), and remote legal assistance\nfor refugees and asylum-seekers. IDPs and conflict-affected persons who are affected\nby the lockdown also benefit from legal aid provided by UNHCR and its NGO partners.\n\n\n\u2713 In Germany, the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees publishes updated\n\n**information on asylum procedures in the context of COVID** in 13 languages. [41]\nThe German government and state authorities also provide specific information to\nworkers and small business owners, [42] and a 24/7 hotline is available to women who\nare victims of violence in 17 languages. [43]\n\n\n\u2713 In Austria, the **online platform weiterlernen.at** is a joint initiative of governmental\n\nand non-governmental actors to provide support to children, parents and teachers,\nincluding through the matching of \u2018digital buddies\u2019. [44] The platform also offers technical\nequipment and information, tools and materials from educational institutions and\nNGOs. The initiative is currently planning to include a multi-lingual feature, which will\nalso make it easier for refugees and asylum-seekers to utilize the platform.\n\n\u2713 The **ParticipAzione capacity-building and empowerment program** promotes\n\nthe active participation of refugees and asylum-seekers in the social, economic and\ncultural life in Italy, with the support of UNHCR and Intersos. [45] Its online workshops,\ntraining, and other activities have proven particularly important during the\nconfinement.\n\n\n\n\u2713 In Moldova, UNHCR partners have compiled a list of more than 100 volunteering\n\npsychologists that provide **free of charge psychosocial and emotional support** .\nMost of the activities of the Community Centre continue in online form, including\nlanguage classes, women\u2019s club meetings, thematic group discussions, exchanges on\ncooking recipes, and e-learning tools for children.\n\n\n\n41 The website is available online at: [https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/infoblatt-antragstellung-corona.html](https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/infoblatt-antragstellung-corona.html)\n[42 The website is available online at: https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/amt-und-person/informationen-zum-coronavirus#tar-5](https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/amt-und-person/informationen-zum-coronavirus#tar-5)\n[43 The website is available online at: https://www.hilfetelefon.de/das-hilfetelefon/beratung/beratung-in-17-sprachen/englisch.html](https://www.hilfetelefon.de/das-hilfetelefon/beratung/beratung-in-17-sprachen/englisch.html)\n[44 The website is available online at: https://weiterlernen.at/](https://weiterlernen.at/)\n[45 The website is available online at: https://partecipazione.intersos.org/](https://partecipazione.intersos.org/)\n\n\nPage 8/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2713 In Austria and the Czech Republic, UNHCR and partners are collecting and distributing\n\n**information about employment issues during COVID for refugees and**\n**asylum-seekers** . In Austria, for example, this includes eased legal requirements for\npersons with health diploma from other countries to practice their professions, options\nfor short-time work, and guidance on how to report job loss and apply for\nunemployment benefits, as well as educational material and other resources. [48]\n\n\u2713 **Community group facilitators in Georgia remain actively engaged in online**\n\n**peer-to-peer support** **on COVID** and other health issues. Online educational\nsupport is provided to children in the reception centre through catch-up classes for\nschool children and activities for kindergarten children.\n\n\u2713 UNHCR partners in Serbia provide online **psychosocial support and language**\n\n**classes and facilitate access to education for children** via online platforms.\n\n\u2713 In Romania, **a targeted messaging campaign** was launched by UNHCR, the Jesuit\n\nRefugee Service and the Romanian National Council for Refugees, to raise awareness\nof the risks of SGBV in the context of COVID and the services available to survivors.\nThe campaign is targeting urban refugees and asylum-seekers through short messages\ndisseminated through social media, community organizations and NGOs, and will be\nfollowed by thematic online sessions, open to refugees, mediators and volunteers.\n\n\n## Interagency cooperation\n\nThroughout the region, UNHCR works closely with other UN agencies, NGOs, community-based\nand refugee-led organizations as well as national authorities to harmonize approaches and avoid\nduplication in relation to the COVID response.\n\n\n\n\u2713 A **Communication Team** has been activated within the UN Country Team in Turkey,\n\nand UNHCR continues to consolidate, translate and disseminate relevant public\nadvisories, made available through posters and social media.\n\n\n\u2713 In Greece, a **CWC Working Group** is co-chaired between UNHCR and the NGO\n\nSolidarity Now at national level and in Thessaloniki to coordinate, consolidate and\ndisseminate COVID-related information, including through strengthened outreach in\nsocial media.\n\n\u2713 Through an **Outreach Working Group**, UNHCR in Hungary is in contact with grass\nroot and refugee-led organizations and other partners to assess refugees\u2019 needs in the\ncontext of the COVID response.\n\n\u2713 In Montenegro, the UN system and the Government prepared a **joint Risk**\n\n**Communication and Community Engagement Strategy**, which provides\nimmediate and long-term community engagement measures in the context of COVID.\n\n\n\n[46 The website is available online at: https://www.talkofftherecord.org/coping-with-covid-19/refugee-support/](https://www.talkofftherecord.org/coping-with-covid-19/refugee-support/)\n[47 The website is available online at: https://youngroots.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Croydon-Services-during-COVID-19-shut-down.pdf](https://youngroots.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Croydon-Services-during-COVID-19-shut-down.pdf)\n48 See information on UNHCR Austria\u2019s webpage: [https://help.unhcr.org/austria/covid-19-information/](https://help.unhcr.org/austria/covid-19-information/)\n\n\nPage 9/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information about employment issues during COVID", - "confidence": 0.8891843557357788, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Austria", - "confidence": 0.5592482089996338, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**region of Georgia** which coordinates the efforts of UN agencies, international\norganizations and NGOs in raising awareness on measures to prevent the spread of\nCOVID.\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n**Regional Bureau for Europe**\n**May 2020**\n\n\nPage 10/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/29f14913-a736-3534-a1d5-5f676a31a18c/76787.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_209/raw/doc_209_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_209/raw/doc_209_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1c7abdb8d6296e218c56e630d2318b401abb96e0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_209/raw/doc_209_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "lives of Venezuelan refugees and migrants across the region. This has affected their access to\nlivelihoods, basic services, food security and shelter/housing.\n\n\nAccording to the joint needs assessment carried out by the Colombian Interagency Coordination\nPlatform (GIFMM) [2], **53% of the households interviewed needed support to pay their rent** and\n45% manifested their need to access livelihoods or jobs. Also, 83% live in a house/single room\nand in relation to their income before COVID; 91% used to have a paid work, in the current context,\nonly 20% still have a job (78% decrease). Moreover, 4% expressed they had no type of income\nbefore COVID; currently the figure goes up to 40%.\n\n\nIn line with the compliance of the isolation measures, 48% of the household said to have difficulties\nto do so, **10% pointed out the link with being evicted** . On the other side, a study conducted by\nthe Danish Refugee Council (DRC) [3] in Colombia, showed high levels of overcrowding amongst\nVenezuelan refugees and migrants; an average of 5 to 9 people per household (these figures vary\ndepending on the city).\n\n\nIn the case of Ecuador and in the rapid needs assessment conducted by the GTRM (Ecuador\u2019s\nNational Coordination Platform) **43% of the Venezuelan refugees and migrants interviewed**\n**expressed that shelter was their main concern.**\n\n\nThe informality over land ownership (the type of agreement established by the tenant and the\nlandlord), the lack of affordability, the overcrowding conditions, the poor infrastructure, the\nincrease in xenophobic and discriminatory expressions, the lack of information regarding the due\nprocess and the fear to seek orientation form the institutions due to irregular migratory status,\nhave resulted in conditions that affect the right to housing in the Region despite the efforts of some\nStates to address this matter through legal initiatives, given the sanitary measures and the current\ncontext, to suspend any kind of eviction.\n\n\nThe control Agencies that oversee, promote and safeguard human rights ( _Personer\u00eda_, The\nOmbudsman Office, The Prosecutors Office) have undertaken, in several countries of the region,\nactions to mitigate the risk of eviction by asking people to report incidents and urging the States\nto guarantee the protection of this right particularly for cases at high risk: refugees and migrants\nliving in the streets and those in transit that have higher chances of being exposed to COVID-19.\n\n\nThe impossibility to carry out regular economic activities in host countries (in most of the cases\ninformal economic activities) has had an impact in the capacity of the population to meet their\nbasic needs, including paying their rent; this has triggered and accelerated return processes of\nVenezuelans to their country despite the sanitary measures to avoid the propagation of the virus\nin accordance to WHO/PAHO guidelines [4] .\n\n\n1 Guidance note developed by the Regional Protection Sector with inputs from the Regional Shelter Sector.\n2 _[https://r4v.info/es/documents/download/76031](https://r4v.info/es/documents/download/76031)_\n3 [https://r4v.info/es/documents/details/76051](https://r4v.info/es/documents/details/76051)\n4 PAHO, WHO, _[Considerations on the adjustments of social distancing and travel related measures](https://www.paho.org/en/documents/considerations-adjustments-social-distancing-and-travel-related-measures)_ .\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite efforts made by different countries in the region to mitigate, through normative\ndevelopments, the effects of evictions, _de-facto_ actions led by tenants, lack of\ncompliance/knowledge of imposed regulations adding to the absence of adequate information and\nfollow up/monitoring, represent protection challenges regarding adequate housing of refugees and\nmigrants from Venezuela. In the case of evictions from private property, humanitarian/protection\norganizations did not have previous contacts with competent authorities (e.j. Police Inspections)\nin order to guarantee prevention actions to avoid evictions and its impacts.\n\n\n**CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOUSING SITUATION**\n\n\nAlthough there is not yet a detailed regional analysis of the conditions of tenure of the refugee and\nmigrant population of Venezuela, some typologies have been identified from the national\nprotection sectors:\n\n\ni) Leasing contracts\n\n\nii) Verbal agreements in temporary accommodation processes\n\niii) Housing scheme through accommodation systems daily payment (\u201c _paga-diario\u201d)_ [5]\n\n\niv) Accommodation in hotels or guesthouses\n\n\nv) Family or friends' homes/rooms\n\n\nvi) Shelters/Temporary accommodation, including public goods\n\nvii) Occupation of plots of land in squatter settlements [6]\n\n\nviii) In Street situation/homeless that have improvised accommodation in public places\n(bridges, bus terminals, parks)\n\n\n**INTERNATIONAL STANDARS** **[7]**\n\n\n1. The obligation of States to **refrain from forced evictions and to protect against**\n\n**evictions from homes** and land derives from several international legal instruments that\nprotect the human right to adequate housing and other related human rights.\n\n\n2. The obligation of States to refrain from removing, temporarily or permanently, against the\n\nwill of individuals, families or communities from the homes or land they occupy, **without**\n**the provision of, and access to, legal or other alternatives for protection** . (Committee\non Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No.7 (1997) on the right to\nadequate housing.\n\n\n3. Forced evictions are a distinct phenomenon under international law and are often linked to\n\n**the lack of legally secure tenure**, which is an essential element of the right to adequate\nhousing as reflected in the constitutions of States in the region.\n\n\n5 In some countries it has been reported that this rental scheme is administered by armed/criminal groups, a situation\nthat raises the level of risk of the population and further limits their ability to turn to institutional bodies for\nprotection/justice.\n6 In some countries in the region, illegal settlements are under the control of armed/delinquent groups and/or lot resale\ncartels ( _lotadores_ ), a situation that increases the level of risk for the tenant.\n7 Elements drawn from the Basic Principles and Guidelines on Development-Generated Evictions and Displacement _,_\n_[A/HRC/4/18 disponible en: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/Guidelines_sp.pdf](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/Guidelines_sp.pdf)_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Forced **evictions intensify inequality, social conflict, segregation and ghettoization**,\n\nwhich invariably affect the poorest, most socially and economically vulnerable and\nmarginalized sectors of society, especially women, children, minorities and indigenous\npeoples.\n\n\n5. Displacements resulting (...) from public emergencies **often occur without regard for**\n\n**human rights and existing humanitarian standards**, the right to adequate housing.\n\n\n6. Under international human rights law **, everyone has the right to adequate housing as**\n\n**a component of the right to an adequate standard of living** . The right to adequate\nhousing includes, inter alia, the right to protection against arbitrary or unlawful interference\nwith privacy, family, home and the right to legal security of tenure.\n\n\n7. Under international law, States must ensure such protection against forced evictions and\n\nthe human right to adequate housing and security of holding, which are guaranteed\n**without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political**\n**opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, legal or social status, age, disability,**\n**property, birth and other conditions.**\n\n\n8. States must ensure that any person claiming that their right to protection from forced\n\neviction has been violated or is under threat **is provided with effective legal or other**\n**appropriate resources** to exercise the right to due process and access to alternative\nhousing.\n\n\n9. States **must refrain from introducing any deliberately retrogressive measures**\n\n**regarding protection against forced evictions** . And they must adopt legislative and\npolicy measures that prohibit the carrying out of evictions that are not in accordance with\ntheir international human rights obligations.\n\n\n10. States **must ensure that adequate and effective legal and other resources** are\n\navailable to persons who are subject to or remain vulnerable to forced evictions or defend\nthem against evictions.\n\n\n**ASPECTS RELATED TO THE PROHIBITION OF EVICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF**\n**COVID-19**\n\n\n_**Guidance note by the Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing on the**_\n_**prohibition of evictions in the context of COVID-19**_ _**[8]**_\n\n\n11. Not only are evictions **inconsistent with the \"stay at home\" policy under COVID-19** ;\n\nforced evictions are violations of international human rights law, including the right to\nhousing, as well as any eviction that results in homelessness.\n\n\n12. The right to adequate housing is **non-derogable in times of emergency** .\n\n\n13. States should undertake a **comprehensive review of relevant strategies, policies and**\n\n**programmes in order to ensure their compatibility with international human rights**\n**standards.** (...) Such a review should seek to eliminate provisions that contribute to\n\n\n8 _[https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/SR_housing_COVID-19_guidance_evictions.pdf](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/SR_housing_COVID-19_guidance_evictions.pdf)_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "maintaining or exacerbating existing inequalities that negatively affect women and\nmarginalized and vulnerable groups.\n\n\n14. Governments should take special measures to ensure that policies and programs are not\n\nformulated and implemented in a discriminatory manner, and **do not further marginalize**\n**people living in poverty** .\n\n\n15. States should give priority to the study of strategies that reduce displacement.\n\n**Comprehensive and holistic impact assessments** should be carried out (...) These\nshould include the exploration of alternatives and strategies to mitigate harm.\n\n\n16. Evictions have a **multidimensional impact** and must be addressed from different\n\nhumanitarian and development sectors. It is necessary not only to address shelter-related\nneeds, or affordability through cash transfer support. Complementary approaches through\nprotection, security of tenure (housing, land and property), social integration and\nlivelihoods are some of the necessary complementary sectors.\n\n\n17. Impact assessment **should consider the different effects of forced evictions on**\n\n**women, children, older persons** and marginalized sectors of society or those with high\nlevels of vulnerability (pregnant women, nursing mothers, persons with chronic/critical\nillnesses).\n\n\n18. States should ensure **the dissemination of adequate information** on human rights and\n\nlaws and policies related to the protection against forced evictions. Special attention should\nbe paid to the dissemination of timely and appropriate information to groups particularly\nvulnerable to evictions, through culturally appropriate channels and methods.\n\n\n**REGIONAL GOOD PRACTICES**\n\n_**In regulatory and public policy development**_ _[9]_\n\n\nWithin the framework of the declaration of states of emergency, the countries of the region have\nmade efforts to design normative or public policy instruments to protect the population from forced\nevictions. These developments include, in most cases, the following provisions:\n\n\n9 Available in the mapping of good public policy practices developed by the Regional Protection Sector:\n_[https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWI3OWQ4NmQtM2M3MS00NjM1LWEwYjQtOWU3MDExMGFhZWNjIiwidC](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWI3OWQ4NmQtM2M3MS00NjM1LWEwYjQtOWU3MDExMGFhZWNjIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)_\n_[I6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWI3OWQ4NmQtM2M3MS00NjM1LWEwYjQtOWU3MDExMGFhZWNjIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)_\nReferences by country:\nPanama. Decree 145 May 1th, 2020\n_[https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/29015/GacetaNo_29015_20200501.pdf](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/29015/GacetaNo_29015_20200501.pdf)_\nColombia. Decree 579 April 15, 2020\n_[https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/DECRETO%20579%20DEL%2015%20DE%20ABRIL%20DE%](https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/DECRETO%20579%20DEL%2015%20DE%20ABRIL%20DE%202020.pdf)_\n_[202020.pdf](https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/DECRETO%20579%20DEL%2015%20DE%20ABRIL%20DE%202020.pdf)_\nBogota. Decree 093 March 25, 2020\n_[https://bogota.gov.co/sites/default/files/inline-files/decreto-093-bogota-colombia.pdf](https://bogota.gov.co/sites/default/files/inline-files/decreto-093-bogota-colombia.pdf)_\nArgentina. Decree 320 March 29, 2020\n_[https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/227247/20200329](https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/227247/20200329)_\nChile and Peru: have bills in process.\n_[https://www.camara.cl/legislacion/ProyectosDeLey/tramitacion.aspx?prmID=13915&prmBOLETIN=13373-03](https://www.camara.cl/legislacion/ProyectosDeLey/tramitacion.aspx?prmID=13915&prmBOLETIN=13373-03)_\n_Ecuador. Ley Humanitaria. 15 de mayo de 2020_\n_[https://www.aquaintel.com.ec/public/reports/Ley_Organica_de_Apoyo_Humanitario_anti_Covid_19.pdf](https://www.aquaintel.com.ec/public/reports/Ley_Organica_de_Apoyo_Humanitario_anti_Covid_19.pdf)_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. **Suspension of eviction actions** : arranged by judicial or administrative authority. In\n\nsome cases (ex. Colombia) leasing contracts with a daily, weekly or less than a month\nterm are included, a figure that allows the direct impact of protection to refugees and\nmigrants from Venezuela. Other developments (ex. Panama), in addition to housing,\nincluding commercial\n\n\n2. **Extension of leasing contracts:** those contracts that expire during the time of declaration\n\nof the emergency or the Decree of suspension of launching and eviction measures will be\nextended maintaining the contractual conditions for the term of the Decree issued\n(Panama). Notwithstanding those agreed between the parties (Colombia)\n\n\n3. **Freezing of rental prices:** during the term of the measurements of the agreed between\n\nthe parties (Argentina) or under the existence laws on the matter (Colombia). In some\ncountries these measures include the freezing of the clauses of increase, penalty for\nunilateral termination of the contract and those related to interest for late payment\n(Panama).\n\n\n4. **Special stipulations regarding the payment of rental fees** : the parties must reach an\n\nagreement on the special conditions for payment corresponding to the term of the decrees\nissued. Those agreement cannot include default interest, penalties, compensation or\nsanctions (Colombia). Further, the agreements, will have a duration of up to two years and\nwill remain as long as the lessee does not break the agreement (Panama).\n\n\n5. **Bail subsistence:** will be applicable until September 30 of the current year, as well as\n\nthe grounds for extinction provided for in the Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation\n(Argentina).\n\n\n6. **Reached contracts** : the established provisions apply to the following types of contract: i)\n\nproperties intended for single, rural or urban, housing. ii) rooms for family or personal\nhousing in pensions, hotels or other similar accommodation.\n\n\n7. **Mandatory mediation** : establishment of previous and mandatory mediation for free or at\n\na very low cost, for de disputes related to the application of the Decree (Argentina).\n\n\n8. **Sanctions to lessors** : for those who through methods or actions suspend the supply of\n\ngas, water, electricity and other services, as pressure measurements to the lessee to\nvacate the property or who violate the provisions contained in the Decree (Panama).\n\n\n9. **Leasing subsidies** : up to six months, with the presentation of the lessor\u2019s identity\n\ndocument and the contract (Trinidad and Tobago).\n\n\n10. **Tax incentives** : under the leadership of the Office of the Ombudsman, an ordinance model\n\nis being developed to ser with the City Halls so that incentives are established for tenants\n(Ecuador).\n\n\n11. **No increase in basic services** : during the six months following the effective date of this\n\nLaw (Humanitarian Law, 05/15/20), the increase in values, rates or basic services rates is\nprohibited, including those telecommunications services, whether these are provided\ndirectly by public institutions, by delegates or private ones (Ecuador)\n\n\n_**In training and formation**_\n\n - **In Ecuador** and in coordination with the Superior Council of judiciary, Judges of Peace\nare being trained in eviction regulatory processes in order to guarantee due process,\ncompliance with national provisions and advice to the refugee and migrant population of\nVenezuela.\n\n\n_**In legal actions**_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **In Colombia,** through the National Network of Legal Clinics in Colombia (21 universities),\nevicted people are being supported through a legal action that seeks to protect the rights\nto decent life, health, personal security and housing, within the framework of eviction\nprocesses contrary to due process and without the accompaniment of the administrative\nor judicial authority. Likewise, and from this same Network of universities, \u201cDerechos de\nPetici\u00f3n\u201d were presented requesting the competent institutions information on plans,\nprograms and measures to prevent arbitrary evictions, to monitor compliance with the\ndecrees that prohibit them and sanctions for violators. The information system of the\nUniversity Network allows monitoring and enforcement of eviction cases that have been\naccompanied by the Legal Clinics and the institutional response to the legal actions\npresented for the protection of their rights.\n\n - **In Ecuador**, the analysis of cases for the presentation of precautionary measures, arguing\nfor the protection of the right to security, public health, and relatedly, life and health, in the\ncontext of the pandemic.\n\n - **In Ecuador**, the Cantonal Boards for the Protection of Rights in various municipalities have\nissued measures (e.g.: Administrative Resolution Act) prohibiting evictions of families with\nchildren, pregnant women, and older adults during the health emergency; or exhorting\nlandlords to avoid evictions. These actions are the first to occur within the framework of\nthe rights protection system and support the interventions of the Ombudsman and the\nPolice to prevent evictions.\n\n - **In Ecuador**, the Ombudsman's Office officially ruled on the effects of rights caused by\nevictions and urged landlords to seek agreements with their tenants.\n\n\n_**In community processes:**_\n\n\n - **In Colombia,** some organizations are developing training in mediation and conflict\nresolution processes as the first instance (mentioned in the regulatory developments) in\nthe search for agreements between lessor and lessee in the COVID-19 context.\n\n\n - **In Ecuador,** the Ombudsman and the Public Defender carry out mediation processes\nbetween landlord and tenant to avoid evictions. The signing of transactional acts is\nforeseen to be executed through the courts, in the event of non-compliance, can be\nexecuted through the courts.\n\n\n - **In Colombia,** indigenous authorities such as _Los Pastos_ in the department of Nari\u00f1o and\nwithin the framework of their special jurisdiction, are developing measures aimed at those\nwho live within their reserves and cannot fulfill their contractual commitments.\n\n_**In temporary accommodation alternatives**_ _**[10]**_ _**:**_\n\n\n - In **Colombia, Per\u00fa, Ecuador, Brazil and Chile**, existing temporary accommodation\nprograms have been reinforced while new solutions have been developed. Actions\ninclude:\n\n\n`o` Implementation of cash transfer programs to the beneficiaries so that they can\n\ncover their accommodation expenses, among others.\n\n\n`o` Implementation of a rental subsidy program in alliance with municipalities in the\n\nregion.\n\n\n10 Information provided by the Regional Housing Sector\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Subsidy in hotel rooms as an immediate response for person of concern in the\n\nstreet.\n\n\n`o` Refurbishment and adaptation of existing shelters to Covid-19 regulations and\n\nmitigation measures in order to guarantee that they can continue to operate or\neven reopen their doors, closed at the beginning of the crisis.\n\n\n`o` Creation of new emergency temporary accommodation solutions, these include\n\nthe adaptation of existing buildings such as industrial warehouses and schools\nin collective centers, and as a last resort the creation of emergency camps,\nboth in urban centers, and on the border.\n\n\n**FINAL CONSIDERATIONS:**\n\n\n_**In advocacy processes with States (national/local levels) and in coherence with the**_\n_**recommendations of the Special Rapporteur:**_\n\n\n - Guarantee enough resources to monitor compliance with the suspension of evictions, as\nwell as the monitoring and prevention of illegal evictions.\n\n\n - Prohibit \u201cre-densification\u201d actions that include the eviction of large numbers of people from\ntemporary accommodation (e.g., schools, coliseums, or other public property).\n\n\n - Implement actions to promote security of tenure (formalization of contracts).\n\n\n - Promote oversight actions at the community level and monitoring by control agencies.\n\n\n - Ensure access to justice for those individuals, families or communities that have\nexperienced an eviction or have special protection needs and are seeking effective relief\nfor their situation.\n\n\n - Guarantee informed and consultation processes in cases where, due to a risk situation, in\ncompliance with measures COVID-19 or due to a natural disaster, the imminent eviction\nof spaces for public use is stipulated by providing, in coordination with humanitarian\norganizations and protection, adequate conditions and alternative accommodation.\n\n\n - Promote training processes for local authorities that can act in eviction processes, so that\nthey know the minimum protection against forced evictions, as well as the regulations\napplicable during quarantine (including the Police and other authorities involved in eviction\nprocesses).\n\n\n_**In communication with communities:**_\n\n\n - Develop consultation processes with those affected in situations in which relocation is\nnecessary for security reasons or related to the mandatory isolation measures of COVID19.\n\n\n - Identify situations where there could be an additional risk for the population, inasmuch as\neviction processes could also be mediated by the presence and coercion of armed/criminal\ngroups.\n\n\n - Disseminate the content of existing legal tools, as well as the routes to which refugees and\nmigrants can go if their right to housing is being violated (Access to due process).\n\n\n - Mass dissemination (community radio stations) of information on existing accommodation\nalternatives, contact details, criteria and availability, as well as existing rights and the right\nto resort to institutional support in order to guarantee due process.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Promote, in coordination with Venezuelan organizations, education and training\nprocesses [11] related to the right to housing, the content of legal provisions related to the\nsuspension of evictions, the role of national and local authorities in protecting /\nmonitoring compliance with these rights and tools for mediation and conflict resolution.\n\n\n11 Virtually and in compliance with the measures COVID-19\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/426ef56e-d92f-3b59-9e69-affa937aed33/77042.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_21/raw/doc_21_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_21/raw/doc_21_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b906c790f82732e1c27d0c129166e731e7d056ae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_21/raw/doc_21_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,813 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **The 2014 Afghanistan Refugee and Returnee Overview**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Key objectives**\n\n - Provide 30,000 refugee families with protection and essential services in Khost and Paktika;\n\n - Facilitate informed, voluntary repatriation of refugees as a key humanitarian focus for Afghan\nrefugees from Pakistan, Iran and other non-neighbouring countries;\n\n - Deliver humanitarian and return assistance to 45,000 vulnerable undocumented Afghan\nreturnees from Iran and Pakistan consisting of deportees and returnees including those\ndisplaced from North Waziristan Agency.\n\n\n\n\n\n|Chapter|Core Activities|\n|---|---|\n|Pakistani Refugees|\u0001
Improve or maintain quality of registration and profiling
\u0001
Ensure uniform treatment and standards of protection and services for all refugees
\u0001
Foster security from violence and exploitation: protection of children strengthened, risk of SGBV is
reduced and quality of response improved
\u0001
Provide food assistance to meet immediate food needs|\n|Afghan refugee returnees|\u0001
Respond to immediate protection needs on return, with particular focus on cash grants to facilitate
travel and short term integration needs, and referrals where appropriate
\u0001
Identify persons with specific needs
\u0001
Broaden scope of Returnee Monitoring to identify protection concerns in return areas and address
gaps
\u0001
Promote peaceful coexistence between returnees and local communities by identifying tensions or
scarce resources and advocating for interventions with relevant actors to mitigate potential repeated
displacement|\n|Afghan undocumented
vulnerable returnees|\u0001
Provide immediate protection services including screening, identification of Persons with Specific
Needs and first hand humanitarian assistance.
\u0001
Provide transportation to final destination
\u0001
Support the most vulnerable groups with flexible short term reintegration support|\n\n\n1 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Humanitarian Needs Overview: District vulnerability ranking matrix for refugees**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Province|District|District
ID|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Khost**











|Gurbuz|2607|\n|**Khost**











|Spera|2611|\n|**Khost**











|Tere Zayi (Alishir)|2608|\n|**Khost**











|Shamal-Lakan|2610|\n|**Khost**











|Mando Zayi|2605|\n|**Khost**











|Sabari|2602|\n|**Khost**











|Tani|2606|\n|**Khost**











|Khost (Matun)|2601|\n|**Khost**











|Nadir Shah Kot|2604|\n|**Khost**











|Jaji Maydan|2613|\n|**Khost**











|Musa Khel|2603|\n|**Khost**











|Qalandar|2609|\n|**Khost**











|Bak|2612|\n|**Total Khost**|**Total Khost**|**Total Khost**|\n|**Paktika**

















|Barmal|2515|\n|**Paktika**

















|Urgoon|2510|\n|**Paktika**

















|Wazakhwah|2513|\n|**Paktika**

















|Surubi|2509|\n|**Paktika**

















|Paktika Center (Sharan)|2501|\n|**Paktika**

















|Mata Khan|2502|\n|**Paktika**

















|Yosuf Khel|2503|\n|**Paktika**

















|Yahya Khel|2506|\n|**Paktika**

















|Sar Rawza|2504|\n|**Paktika**

















|Omna|2507|\n|**Paktika**

















|Zarghun Shahr|2505|\n|**Paktika**

















|Gomal|2508|\n|**Paktika**

















|Jani Khel|2512|\n|**Paktika**

















|Ziruk|2517|\n|**Paktika**

















|Nika|2511|\n|**Paktika**

















|Giyan|2516|\n|**Paktika**

















|DilaWa Khushamand|2518|\n|**Paktika**

















|Wormamay|2514|\n|**Paktika**

















|Turwo|2519|\n|**Total Paktika**|**Total Paktika**|**Total Paktika**|\n\n\n**Calculation of Coefficients**\n\n - Families in Need = Refugee Families - Families that Received NFIs\n\n - Refugee Population Vulnerability = Refugee Population / Highest district Refugee Population;\n\n - Absorption Capacity Vulnerability = Refugee Population / Local Population\n\n`o` (The coefficients thus obtained were normalized, so that they would all be in the range\nfrom 0 to 1)\n\n - Unmet Needs Vulnerability = Refugee Families / Highest district Refugee Families\n\n - Overall ranking = Unweighted average of specific rankings\n\n\n2 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "District vulnerability ranking matrix", - "confidence": 0.9643359780311584, - "start": 6, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "District", - "confidence": 0.7717603445053101, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9775461554527283, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Khost", - "confidence": 0.5869166254997253, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Khost", - "confidence": 0.7383168339729309, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Khost", - "confidence": 0.8407095074653625, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Khost", - "confidence": 0.5697208642959595, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total Khost", - "confidence": 0.5498497486114502, - "start": 664, - "end": 666 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9491685032844543, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9614636898040771, - "start": 946, - "end": 947 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9775965213775635, - "start": 1081, - "end": 1082 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mata Khan", - "confidence": 0.7296475768089294, - "start": 1073, - "end": 1075 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9894421100616455, - "start": 1213, - "end": 1214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Yahya Khel", - "confidence": 0.7880558371543884, - "start": 1205, - "end": 1207 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9327300786972046, - "start": 1410, - "end": 1411 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Zarghun Shahr", - "confidence": 0.5540348291397095, - "start": 1402, - "end": 1404 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.9013733863830566, - "start": 1541, - "end": 1542 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Jani Khel", - "confidence": 0.6121668219566345, - "start": 1533, - "end": 1535 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.8508822321891785, - "start": 1671, - "end": 1672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.907852292060852, - "start": 1802, - "end": 1803 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Calculation of Coefficients", - "confidence": 0.5363795161247253, - "start": 1953, - "end": 1956 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Wormamay", - "confidence": 0.7121176719665527, - "start": 1860, - "end": 1861 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee Families", - "confidence": 0.6789649724960327, - "start": 1963, - "end": 1965 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.5157766938209534, - "start": 1867, - "end": 1868 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Humanitarian Needs Overview: Provincial vulnerability ranking matrix for all returnees**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|0.01|0.09|\n|---|---|\n|0.01|0.12|\n|0.25|0.66|\n|0.21|0.36|\n|0.02|0.14|\n|0.01|0.24|\n|0.06|0.70|\n|0.06|0.24|\n|0.05|0.15|\n|0.00|0.15|\n|0.17|0.36|\n|0.27|0.37|\n|0.10|0.37|\n|0.86|0.36|\n|0.29|0.39|\n|0.02|0.23|\n|0.05|0.12|\n|0.29|1.08|\n|0.53|1.15|\n|0.19|0.88|\n|0.16|0.72|\n|1.00|1.37|\n|0.01|6.80|\n|0.01|0.10|\n|0.01|0.05|\n|0.18|0.52|\n|0.01|0.13|\n|0.08|0.28|\n|0.02|0.14|\n|0.08|0.44|\n|0.08|0.31|\n|0.00|0.05|\n|0.03|0.17|\n|0.02|0.14|\n\n\n3 |\n\n\n|Province|Returnees from
Vulnerable Total returnee
Pakistan, Iran and
Undocumented population (refugee
other countries
Migrant Returnees and undocumented)
(Individuals)|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province**|**Last 3 years**|**Last 3 years**|**Total**|\n|Badakhshan|279|1,409|1,688|\n|Badghis|180|972|1,152|\n|Baghlan|7,032|4,155|11,187|\n|Balkh|6,012|2,836|8,848|\n|Bamyan|513|670|1,183|\n|Daykundi|182|1,694|1,876|\n|Farah|1,835|4,853|6,688|\n|Faryab|1,636|2,799|4,435|\n|Ghazni|1,497|1,888|3,385|\n|Ghor|78|1,863|1,941|\n|Hilmand|4,762|1,532|6,294|\n|Hirat|7,599|5,356|12,955|\n|Jawzjan|2,718|1,014|3,732|\n|Kabul|24,397|4,971|29,368|\n|Kandahar|8,262|764|9,026|\n|Kapisa|655|1,224|1,879|\n|Khost|1,313|32|1,345|\n|Kunar|8,159|945|9,104|\n|Kunduz|15,024|6,703|21,727|\n|Laghman|5,357|1,967|7,324|\n|Logar|4,600|670|5,270|\n|Nangarhar|28,406|10,389|38,795|\n|Nimroz|180|20,842|21,022|\n|Nuristan|264|4|268|\n|Paktika|183|232|415|\n|Paktya|5,255|118|5,373|\n|Panjsher|276|98|374|\n|Parwan|2,241|1,205|3,446|\n|Samangan|645|378|1,023|\n|Sar-e-Pul|2,392|2,193|4,585|\n|Takhar|2,378|3,336|5,714|\n|Uruzgan|95|254|349|\n|Wardak|939|911|1,850|\n|Zabul|573|231|804|\n|**Total**|** 145,917**|** 88,508**|** 234,425**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS**\n**Refugees and undocumented vulnerable migrant returnees displaced to Khost and Paktika**\n\n**I. MOST LIKELY SCENARIO**\nKey assumptions:\n\n1) Military operations and fighting in Pakistan (North and South Waziristan agencies) may\ncease but the population will probably gradually return to Pakistan after March/April due to\ndestruction of infrastructure, winter and reduced opportunities for livelihood in the area of\norigin. If the fighting continues, it is expected that there will be limited population\nmovements towards Afghanistan as it will be difficult to travel during the winter months.\nThus, refugee population is expected to stabilize.\n2) Absorption capacity of the host families will decrease during winter and as resources are\nexhausted, thus, the population figure in the camp may increase.\n\nOperational Assumptions:\n\n1) Humanitarian access will continue to be limited, it is estimated that national and\ninternational organizations, including Government have 60% access in Khost and 20% access\nin Paktika.\n2) Humanitarian community and local authorities will continue to receive sufficient resources\nfrom donors.\n\nRefugee Response Plan\n\n1) Planning Figure: 30,000 families ( _planning figure is subject to verification_ *).\n2) Area of Operation: Khost and Paktika (limited reach/access in Paktika)\n\nOperational Priorities\n\n1) Registration and provision of international protection (*verification exercise is planned in\nthe course of the 2014/15)\n2) Provision of humanitarian assistance, with a focus on moving away from emergency towards\nstabilization, including sectors such as shelter, education and health/WASH\n3) Humanitarian assistance to focus on supporting host communities to continue providing\nassistance to the influx\n4) Assistance to the host communities is on a community-basis and not individual-basis, with a\nfocus on integrating development actors as early as possible\n5) Switch to durable solutions, with a focus on facilitation of voluntary return, in second half of\nthe year (May to October)\n6) Monitoring with specific focus on Protection issues\n\n**II. WORST CASE SCENARIO**\nKey Assumptions:\n\n1) Military Operations continue outside NW/SW and more refugees arrive in Afghanistan\n2) Host communities lose all absorption capacity and large numbers of refugees need to be\nhosted in additional camps\n\nOperational assumptions:\n\n1) Security worsens: No access to Paktika and more restricted access in Khost\n2) Lack of donor interest\n\nPopulation Figures:\n\n1) 40,000 families: 30,000 families in Khost and 10,000 in Paktika, of which 15,000 in camps in\nKhost.\n\n\n4 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Afghan refugee returnees**\nWhile there are fewer returnees as compared to the peak years (2002-2008), Afghanistan is still the\nlargest repatriation operation in the world. Refugees surveyed in Pakistan cited increased insecurity\nand economic concerns as the two biggest reasons for their continued stay in exile, in particular due\nto the uncertainty and heightened risk of tensions over the election period in 2014.\n\nFor 2015, and based on regional consultations, UNHCR anticipates that refugees will continue to\nreturn to Afghanistan from Pakistan, Iran and other countries, with a possible slight increase on 2014\nelection year figures. The validity of the Proof of Registration cards (PoR) for Afghans in Pakistan has\nbeen extended until December 2015 and it is unclear what status refugees in Pakistan will have after\nthis date.\n\nFor 2015 planning purposes, UNHCR will use the figure of 172,000 Afghan refugee returnees. While\nthere may be progress towards the planning figure of 172,000 returnees- during 2015, UNHCR\nAfghanistan shall channel prioritized operating level resources towards a more realistic figure of\n50,000 refugees returning. However, of those returning the vulnerability figures are expected to be\nhigher than previous years, with refugees repatriating who may be facing increasing intimidation,\ndeteriorating economic opportunities or the possibility of camp closure in countries of asylum.\nTherefore an increase of people with specific needs is anticipated, identified on their return.\n\nThe total number of refugee returnees receiving UNHCR reintegration assistance in 2015 is\nestimated at 245,600, including both those arrivals in 2015, and those having returned during 20122014.\n\n**Undocumented vulnerable returnees**\nAfghanistan is expected to continue through a series of transitions: political, economic and security.\nThe uncertainty associated with these transitions will continue to impact population movement in\nand surrounding Afghanistan. In addition, the flow of deportations and voluntary return is largely\ncontingent on a combination of regional political dynamics between Afghanistan and its\nneighbouring countries, which may impact their policies towards undocumented Afghans. As it is\nalmost unpredictable to ascertain what could affect the migration trend and what would be the\nresult, it is important to maintain the post-arrival assistance mechanism at the border points to be\nthe base of collective response for possible mass return from Iran or Pakistan. The sudden\ndisplacement from North Waziristan Agency following military operations in Pakistan since June\n2014 is a good example.\n\nSince 2007, there were 200,000-300,000 Afghans deported per year from Iran and Pakistan. Every\nyear since 2012, IOM has assisted between 30,000 and 40,000 identified vulnerable Afghan\nreturnees who crossed through Islam Qala in Herat, Milak in Nimroz and Torkham in Nangarhar\nprovince. Since May 2014, IOM has also assisted over 500 identified Afghan undocumented families\ndisplaced from North Waziristan Agency in Pakistan to Khost and Paktika province. In 2015, based on\nabove observations as well as previously assisted numbers, IOM predicts that the flow of movement\nfrom the three border crossing points with Iran and Pakistan will remain at a similar level as in 2014.\nRegarding the undocumented Afghan families from North Waziristan Agency arriving in\nKhost/Paktika, under the most likely scenario, the flow is expected to stabilize. However, in 2014\nundocumented Afghan families are still leaving Pakistan due to ongoing insecurity and will require\nassistance in 2015.\n\n\n5 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **IDENTIFIED NEEDS**\n\n**Pakistani Refugees**\nBased on Focus Group Discussions conducted with both refugees and members of host communities,\nUNHCR has sought to identify the immediate needs and protection risks faced by Pakistani refugees,\nas well as the impact on host communities since the beginning of the displacement in June 2014. The\nmost urgent need that has emerged is shelter: while the host communities have been very\nwelcoming and have readily opened their homes to refugees, in some districts the number of\nrefugees is very close to the local population. Available accommodation (as well as other resources)\nis therefore very limited, particularly as winter approaches and sleeping in open air is no longer\npossible. Other priority needs emerging from the focus group discussions included NFIs, health care,\nand water. Refugees also cited poverty, lack of job opportunities, and limited resources in\nAfghanistan as increasing existing vulnerabilities.\n\nWhile the displaced population tends to share close family, tribal, and friendship ties amongst\nthemselves and with the host community, there have nonetheless been identified cases of women,\nelderly, and children without support, though these are limited in number. UNHCR plans to conduct\ninterventions for these and other vulnerable categories through the persons with specific needs\n(PSN) programming. Other planned protection interventions include camp management, mine\nclearance and mine risk education, emergency education, identifying and addressing gender based\nviolence issues, identification and necessary interventions on behalf of unaccompanied and\nseparated children, family tracing, and protection monitoring. It is also anticipated that the lack of\nresources and livelihood opportunities will make it difficult for refugees to return to Pakistan when\nthe security situation stabilizes sufficiently to allow for voluntary repatriation. Therefore, it is\nanticipated that UNHCR will provide assistance when refugees decide that conditions have improved\nsufficiently to allow them to return home.\n\n**Returnees**\nThe prioritised focus of UNHCR\u2019s operations in Afghanistan will remain the implementation of the\nSolutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees in cooperation with the Government. UNHCR will continue to\nprovide assistance to refugee returnees at all stages of the return process, including providing\ninformation in the countries of asylum and facilitation of joint \u2018go-and-see\u2019 visits, as specified in the\nquadripartite agreement. UNHCR will work to ensure that return is informed, voluntary, and\nsustainable.\n\nThe absorption capacity in Afghanistan remains challenging. Despite some progress in the health,\neducation, construction, trade and agriculture sectors since 2001, Afghanistan remains one of the\npoorest countries in the world. The deteriorating security situation and withdrawal of international\nsecurity forces, high levels of unemployment, landlessness, limited access to basic services\n(particularly in areas of high return and disputes over property rights will continue to present\nimpediments to return and reintegration.\n\nReintegration of refugee returnees cannot be viewed as being facilitated solely by humanitarian\ninterventions. Humanitarian assistance must be complemented with development interventions to\nensure sustainability of interventions. Therefore building partnerships with development actors is a\nkey priority for the operation, which must be closely monitored. In large urban settings and\nprovincial capitals, development actors have been reluctant to engage despite the obvious need. The\nlack of development contributes to growing insecurity and the presence of insurgents. This cycle of\npoverty and insecurity in turn results in continuously increasing displacement both inside and\noutside these provinces. Returnees are particularly vulnerable to forced internal displacement.\n\n\n6 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The primary focus of all UNHCR interventions, both immediate humanitarian assistance and longerterm integration, is to advance protection principles. In some cases, this will involve addressing\nprotection concerns directly, for instance, through SGBV support projects, or legal assistance\nprogrammes. In others, it may involve undertaking activities that will lead to a future protection\ndividend, for instance, livelihood projects that result in a reduced risk of secondary displacement.\nAssistance that is able to bring about a protection dividend shall be prioritized: for example, building\na well in a location where it is likely to create a more harmonious relationship between IDPs and the\nhost community. UNHCR will strengthen the capacity of communities to integrate and protect\nreturnees and IDPs, as well as increase the incentives and reduce the cost for communities. At the\nsame time, UNHCR will encourage returnees and IDPs to contribute to local communities through\nparticipation in local governance.\n\nReliable information on the numbers, location and condition of returnees \u2013 disaggregated by age,\ngender and other key indicators \u2013 is essential for improving the protection of returnees. Thus,\nInformation Management forms a keystone of the protection strategy. In order to gather\ninformation and ensure that programmes are sensitive to the specific protection needs and\ncapabilities of different groups, UNHCR aims to undertake regular rights-based, participatory\nassessments and monitoring visits to both IDPs and returnees, engaging Age, Gender and Diversity\nmainstreaming principles.\n\nSecondly, UNHCR will reach out to government and development actors to encourage them to\nmainstream returnees into their existing programmes. The aim is to bridge the humanitarian /\ndevelopment divide, thus ensuring persons of concern continue to receive protection after the\nimmediate \u201chumanitarian\u201d phase has passed and are ultimately able to achieve a durable solution.\nUNHCR recognizes that many returnees wish to live in urban areas, which poses specific challenges\nto both humanitarian and development responses. In light of this trend, UNHCR\u2019s pursuit to the right\nto freedom of movement is essential, particularly to ensure that no returnee should be forced to\nreturn to their place of origin, or be resettled to another place where their lives or safety are\nthreatened.\n\n**Undocumented vulnerable returnees**\nMany deportees and spontaneous returnees arrive in Afghanistan in a highly vulnerable physical and\nmental state and are unprepared for the process of reintegrating into their home communities.\nHumanitarian support continues to be required to prevent vulnerable undocumented returnee\nfamilies and individuals from being at risk of death, secondary displacement, sexual abuse, kidnap\nand other kinds of violation of human rights upon their return. Recently conducted surveys confirm\nthat short-term, post-arrival assistance continues to be a key need upon return as 73% of\nrespondents from Herat, Nangarhar and Nimroz listed it as one of the top three concerns followed\nby shelter/housing (44%) and financial support (30%).\n\nFor Afghan families displaced from North Waziristan into Khost and Paktika, the largest need in 2015\nwill continue to be non-food items, food, tents and medical assistance. In addition, families have\nindicated the need for transport and reintegration assistance as many are not able to return back to\nPakistan.\n\nFor many returning Afghan migrants, reintegration remains a challenge. In 2011, an IOM survey of\nreturned migrants found that only 23.3% of respondents had been able to find paid employment. As\ndescribed above for refugee returnees, for undocumented returnees there is also a need to\nintegrate long term reintegration support within humanitarian assistance. In particular, IOM has\nidentified an urgent need for direct reintegration support for specific, highly vulnerable PSN groups\nof non-refugee returnees with high protection risks, which includes unaccompanied minors and\nsingle female returnees.\n\n\n7 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM survey", - "confidence": 0.6608598232269287, - "start": 596, - "end": 598 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7106488347053528, - "start": 597, - "end": 598 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9713107943534851, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9903013706207275, - "start": 593, - "end": 594 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returned migrants", - "confidence": 0.8324995040893555, - "start": 599, - "end": 601 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Unaccompanied migrant children continue to be the largest single group of vulnerable non-refugee\nreturnees assisted by IOM since 2009. Minors move primarily due to lack of employment\nopportunities in Afghanistan, and because the heads of their families had no form of income or were\nnot producing sufficient income. While in the country of exile (Iran) and in the process of\ndeportation, many report facing treatment which is concerning from a protection standpoint. There\nis an urgent need to intervene and avoid secondary displacement by providing minors and their\nfamilies with means of generating income while providing minors primarily with education and a\npractical skill set.\n\nAnother vulnerable group are single female returnees who face particularly high protection risks and\nreintegration challenges. A majority of these women were in need of shelter and vocational training\nto resume their lives in Afghanistan. Other groups include non-refugee returnee families who were\ndisplaced from North Waziristan Agency due to military operations who are unable to return back to\ntheir homes as well as drug-addicted individuals.\n\n2. **RESPONSE STRATEGY**\n\n**Registration**\nGiven its centrality to understanding the refugee population, profile, and vulnerabilities, all of which\nare crucial to designing appropriate and effective interventions, registration is a priority activity for\n2015. Due to significant logistical challenges, mostly linked to large numbers of new arrivals and a\nlack of access due to insecurity, assessments of refugee families have until now been conducted at\nthe household level on the basis of emergency verification. These assessments are being conducted\nfor the purpose of fixing population figures and assistance distribution, and are not intended for\nrefugee status determination purposes or the issuance of documentation.\n\nAt this point in time, transitioning to individual registration will help to stabilize the numbers and\nfacilitate planning further assistance targeting the most vulnerable among the population. The exact\nmodalities of the registration exercise are being discussed with the Government of Afghanistan, and\na mission from Geneva is planned to identify the feasible registration options for this context. The\nauthorities may consider the issuance of documentation for refugees, while UNHCR will continue to\nmaintain and update a database system for all refugees in Khost and Paktika.\n\nThe registration campaign will require significant resources, both in terms of human resources and\nlogistics. It is estimated that it will be carried out in the first three months of 2015 in all districts of\nKhost and Paktika with refugee presence. The exercise will pave the way for the development of\ntargeted longer-term strategies for durable solutions, facilitate voluntary repatriation when\nappropriate and help to identify vulnerable individuals.\n\n**Protection Interventions**\nIn coordination with relevant partners, UNHCR will undertake core protection activities additional to\nregistration in all districts, including assistance to vulnerable cases under the PSN programme (nonfood items and cash assistance of up to USD 500 over one year for chronic and very vulnerable\ncases), legal assistance, child protection and gender/GBV interventions. The humanitarian\ncommunity will also continue to carry out focus group discussions along an AGDM (Age, Gender and\nDisability Mainstreaming) approach with refugee men, women, and young people both in the\ncommunities and in the camp. The purpose of these discussions will be to highlight protection and\nassistance needs of refugees. Separate focus group discussions will be conducted with the host\ncommunities.\n\n\n8 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessments of refugee families", - "confidence": 0.9571978449821472, - "start": 252, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "fixing population figures and assistance distribution", - "confidence": 0.5948455929756165, - "start": 281, - "end": 287 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7887064814567566, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7162104845046997, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.8579288721084595, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The entry point for child protection is primarily through the provision of educational services, which\ninclude psychosocial support. In Khost, emergency education is being implemented in a partnership\nbetween the provincial Department of Education, NRC and UNICEF, and includes both children in\nGulan Camp and children living in communities. In Paktika, where the only implementing partner is\nthe Department of Education, teachers in the refugee population have been hired by the DoE to run\ntemporary learning centres, and will receive training and support to provide psychosocial services to\nchildren as part of the educational programme. Additional child protection activities will focus on the\nidentification of unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SC). Cases involving UAMs\nwill be sent to the Best Interest Determination (BID) committee for identification of appropriate care\narrangements, while SCs will be monitored and referred to the BID committee in cases in which\nneglect, abuse, or other problems in existing care arrangements are identified. Cases will be referred\nto ICRC for family tracing as appropriate.\n\nGender Based Violence (GBV) work will focus in identification of cases at risk through awarenessraising and establishment of effective communication networks through which GBV incidents or risk\nfactors can be reported. Participation by refugee women in focus group discussions and recentlyestablished women\u2019s _shuras_ in Gulan Camp and host communities will help to give voice to\nprotection risks and concerns, which can then be mitigated through appropriate interventions.\nUNHCR will also seek to establish an effective referral system, ensure coordination with relevant\nnational authorities and provide vocational training and educational opportunities to vulnerable\nfemale and male groups.\n\nThe provision of services to the local population is essential to avoid the perception amongst host\ncommunities that the refugees constitute a burden on the community or existing local services.\nAccordingly, it is important to ensure that services and activities are provided for both the hosting\ncommunities and the refugees\n\n**Afghan Refugee Returnees**\nAfghanistan is the largest repatriation operation in the world, despite the fact that rates of return\nare much lower compared to the peak years between 2002 and 2008. In total, more than 5.8\nmillion Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan in the last 12 years; over 4.7 million returned with\nUNHCR and MoRR support. This figure represents over 20% of the current population in\nAfghanistan. This poses considerable challenges to the country\u2019s absorption capacity.\n\nFor 2015 planning purposes, this plan will use the conservative figure of 50,000 Afghan refugee\nreturnees, in need of life-saving assistance to return to their place of origin/intended destination in\nAfghanistan.\n\nPrioritized activities include immediate return assistance needs (cash grants, travel assistance, and\nshort-term integration needs and shelter assistance), protection activities (including legal\nrepresentation), and community-based interventions promoting peaceful co-existence. Activities\ninclude the following:\n\n- Ensuring provision of immediate return assistance (repatriation cash grants, travel assistance,\nprovision of non-food items and shelter assistance), protection and basic assistance at point of\nentry; supporting education registration, lifesaving healthcare, and essential vaccinations for\nchildren under 5 years of age; basic mine awareness and transit facilities;\n\n- Cross-border monitoring, returnee tracking, profiling and an annual multi-functional\ncomprehensive needs assessment;\n\n- Providing legal assistance to help obtain security of land tenure to reduce the threat of forced\nevictions;\n\n- Promoting targeted community-based interventions in areas of high return, including in urban\nsettings where increasing numbers of returnees are settling;\n\n\n9 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Awareness-raising for the purpose of reducing the risk of GBV and strengthening reporting\nmechanisms; providing appropriate referrals and assistance to GBV victims; strengthening\nnational capacity for sustainable reintegration through an integrated approach aimed at\nfacilitating the transition from humanitarian assistance to long-term development.\n\nThe most vulnerable returnees, including female-headed households and unaccompanied minors\nwill be prioritized for the provision of shelter and access to basic services on arriving at their place of\nreturn.\n\nIn 2015, UNHCR will conduct an annual needs assessments through a multi-functional team involving\nboth humanitarian and development actors to assess refugee returnee needs across Afghanistan,\nwithin all sectors. Focus group discussions will be conducted according to the principles of the\nAGDM/Gender Marking approach. The multi-functional team consists of Protection and Shelter\nCluster regional coordinators in all regions, with Health, WASH and FSAC Cluster members in\nrespective regions. Focus group discussions will be conducted separately for returnee women, girls,\nboys and men.\n\nHousing, land and property disputes are problematic due to limited availability of land (including\nagricultural land, pasture, and 'high value' land in cities), water, firewood and fodder and aggravated\nby environmental degradation. Some of these disputes also result in displacement, which has\nhistorical social, environmental, economic and political contexts. Therefore, UNHCR and partners will\nensure that all assessments, programming and advocacy efforts will adhere to a 'Do No Harm'\nframework and that conflict-sensitive solutions provided by UNHCR and other partners are grounded\nin environmental protection and sustainability.\n\nShelter and basic services assistance will be provided through a community-based approach, which\nwill strengthen resilience through self-help programmes contributing to promoting peaceful\ncoexistence within the communities. The community takes primary responsibility for identifying\neligible beneficiaries to receive shelter assistance, while the Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation\n(MORR), other local authorities, implementing partners, and multi-functional team members play\nadvisory and coordination roles.\n\nThe shelter Beneficiary Selection Committee must include members of the Community Development\nCouncils (CDCs) where present or the provincial, district, village shura, (committee of elders and\ntrustees), or local authorities (district authorities, provincial representatives of MORR). Joint\nmonitoring will be carried out through established communication channels with beneficiaries,\nincluding on land and property issues such as land disputes, ownership, women\u2019s access and control\nof land, engaging with government for relocation sites, social and housing issues. The shelter\npackage includes one latrine per family, thereby increasing environmental hygiene in beneficiary\ncommunities. The shelter programme seeks to contribute to local economies wherever possible by\nusing skilled and unskilled labour in the local market, and by local procurement of raw materials.\n\nUNHCR will continue supporting the Afghan Government\u2019s efforts to develop the role of women and\nhas a strong commitment to the participation of women in decision making and project\nimplementation. Recognising the challenges of facilitating female participation, all interventions\nstrive to involve women in selection, implementation, monitoring, and management to the greatest\nextent possible within regionally and culturally appropriate contexts.\n\n**Undocumented vulnerable returnees**\nThe planned target group in 2015 are 45,000 of the most vulnerable undocumented Afghan\nreturnees from Iran and Pakistan including those families displaced from North Waziristan Agency\nwho are in need of live-saving assistance and return assistance to their province of origin.\n\n\n10 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.955601692199707, - "start": 86, - "end": 89 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "assess refugee returnee needs", - "confidence": 0.5507716536521912, - "start": 100, - "end": 104 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9368941187858582, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9755702018737793, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9892120361328125, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Under the framework of its post-arrival humanitarian assistance, IOM will provide a comprehensive\nset of services starting with initial screening and referral of identified vulnerable undocumented\nAfghan returnees according to its established vulnerability criteria in coordination with the\nDirectorate of Refugees and Repatriation (DoRR). This will be followed by provision of non-food item\n(NFI) kits, food packages for families in need, health screening and referral, and provision of overnight accommodation and services at a transit centre. If needed, family tracing will be carried out for\nvulnerable individuals including unaccompanied minors. Protection screening and psycho-social\ncounselling will also be provided in light of observed trend of some beneficiaries suffering from\nexperiences while in detention or deportation procedures. Legal counselling, including facilitating\nregistration for E-Tazkira at transit centres will also be made available for returnees.\n\nThe above humanitarian actions will be complemented by direct reintegration support to specific\nhighly vulnerable groups of non-refugee returnees with high protection risks. For these groups, IOM\nplans to respond to their needs by providing different forms of direct reintegration support through\na flexible reintegration package. As an example, single female returnees will receive shelter and\nreintegration and educational training support at the transit centre in Herat. IOM will most\nimportantly conduct a local market assessment of which income generating activities they could\ncarry out in light of their vulnerable socio-economic status (e.g. home-based activities) after which\nthey will be provided with literacy and other educational training. For UAMs, IOM plans to provide\neducational and skills training for the minors while providing vocational trainings/business\ndevelopment package to heads of households which are suited to labour market demands. These\nactivities will involve DoRR as well as Directorate of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled in\norder to strengthen their capacity in return and reintegration assistance.\n\nProvision of vocational training or educational assistance to these groups will not only support their\nsustainable reintegration but also support to mitigate various risks such as; becoming a victim of\nhuman trafficking or engaging in irregular migration, increasing their vulnerability to a host of other\nprotection risks.\n\n\n11 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The following sectors are solely in response to the Pakistani Refugees**\n\n**Protection**\nThe provision of services to the local population is essential to avoid the perception amongst host\ncommunities that the refugees constitute a burden on the community, or on existing local services\nand the environment, potentially inflaming feelings of resentment. Accordingly, it is important to\nensure that services and activities are provided for both the hosting communities and the refugees,\nsuch as maintaining or improving the local infrastructure (roads, hospitals, and schools) and ensuring\naccess to resources including water.\n\nRegistration is a priority activity and will help UNHCR and partners to better understand the refugee\npopulation, profile and vulnerabilities. This exercise will pave the way for development of longerterm strategies, design effective interventions and facilitate voluntary repatriation and. Other\nprotection concerns include access to social services, particularly health care; family separation,\nincluding unaccompanied or separated children; presence of single women and elderly without\nsupport within the population; access and mobility for disabled; the risk of human trafficking; access\nto assistance by all community members, particularly women and girls; and the risk of mines and\nunexploded ordnances both in the camp and in communities.\n\n**Camp Management**\nCurrently, there is only one camp and it is located in Gurboz District, Khost Province. No provision is\nbeing made for additional camps, however if the Government decides to open more refugee camps,\nadditional funding will be required. Approximately 3,500 families live in Gulan Camp and it is\nexpected to reach at least 4,000 by January, climbing to 5,000 families by spring. The overall\nobjectives are to provide life-saving assistance and support refuges in organizing themselves to\nbetter their conditions in the camp and provide a safe and secure environment where refugees can\nexercise their rights. In particular, UNHCR will continue to undertake basic site planning and\ninfrastructure work in the camp, security measures in coordination with the authorities, as well as\nshelter.\n\nCamp Governance: UNHCR foresees the following community services as essential in order to\npromote representation and good governance in Gulan Camp:\n\ni) In order to allow community feedback, weekly meetings are held with the camp\n_shura_, a structure of elders, each representing an average number of 50 families;\nii) Dialogue with refugee _Jirga_ and linkage to local _Jirga_ system as appropriate, as well\nas referrals to formal justice system;\niii) Dialogue and activities with female refugees, within a very traditional and\nconservative context that generally prevents women from moving outside the\nconfines of the family compound;\niv) Display of information on services and announcements\n\nSite planning and infrastructure: The importance of preserving and promoting a sense of community\nwithin the camp is paramount, and will reflect existing community structures. Camp planning is\nongoing and should see further developments once the number of refugees is stabilized (with the\npossibility of a harsh winter, it may be expected that the refugee population currently in the\nmountainous areas south and south-east of Gulan, in Gurboz district, may decide to settle in Gulan\ncamp). Some of the activities that will take place in the first half of 2015 include: comprehensive\ndrainage system, access roads, construction of four community centres, improvement of\nwarehousing and distribution facilities and construction of basic support services. In parallel, each\nextended family will be assigned a plot, in a way that preserves the existing settlement pattern in the\ncamp (extended families, sub-tribes, tribes). Site planning will take into consideration possible\n\n\n12 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "further extension of the camp to the south and west. Site planning and basic infrastructure will be\ndone to the extent possible using refugees and local communities, thus providing Cash-for-Work\nopportunities.\n\nShelter: Winterization of tents is likely to be largely finished by January 2015. Given the average life\nexpectancy of a tent, the humanitarian community expects to have to replace tents or provide\nalternative shelter for 5,000 families in the camp in the second quarter of 2015. Decisions on shelter\nstrategy (tents or emergency to transitional shelter) will be taken towards the end of the first\nquarter based on assessments of refugees\u2019 intentions of returning to Pakistan.\n\nSecurity: The humanitarian community will continue to support the local authorities, who are\nplanning to deploy an additional 53 ANP to provide security surrounding the perimeter of Gulan\nCamp on a 24-hour basis. Within the camp, support is also required for the deployment of local\nguards on a 24-hour basis, as well as helping refugees to organize a community watch system.\n\n**Shelter and infrastructure/NFIs for hosted communities**\nWith the exception of protection activities, Quick Impact Projects (QIPS) for peaceful co-existence\nand shelter, the humanitarian community does not plan to have large-scale interventions for\nrefugees in host communities, but instead encourages an approach that incorporates refugees into\ndevelopment assistance of the communities. As part of the transitional strategy, advocacy efforts\nwill ensure that the local government includes refugees in service delivery and development plans.\n\nIn coordination with other partners with a strong track record in shelter as a durable solution, the\nshelter operational organisations will develop a strategy to begin in the second half of 2015, after a\nre-assessment of the situation in the spring. The strategy will be influenced by refugees\u2019 intentions\nregarding return and will support local communities hosting large number of refugees. In the first\nhalf of 2015, shelter will continue to be handled within the emergency response framework, taking\ninto account the need for additional protection against the elements during the first months of the\nyear.\n\nThe humanitarian community will continue to provide basic non-food items for all new arrivals as\nwell as replacing part of the non-food items package (plastic sheets, jerry cans and blankets) on a\nneeds basis for up to 4,000 families in Khost and Paktika; as well as on an emergency basis for\npersons with specific needs. A total of 2,500 tents will be distributed also on a needs basis.\nOperational partners are revising distribution modalities in order to make them more effective in\nensuring predictable and equitable distribution in all communities, as well as Gulan Camp.\n\n**Water, sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)**\nIn 2015, the WASH partners will continue to support both refugees and host communities in Khost\nand Paktika. Emergency WASH response will continue to focus on life-saving activities including\nrehabilitation/disinfection of water points (WP), rehabilitation of pipe schemes, water disinfection,\ndistribution of hygiene kits and provision of sanitation infrastructure. The construction of new WPs\nand sustainable sanitation infrastructures will also be considered as an option in the districts that are\nunder-covered.\n\nBased on refugee\u2019s figures and results of the assessments conducted in 2014, nine districts were\nidentified as priority targets for WASH. In Khost province, in order of priority: (1) Gurboz, (2) Khost\nCenter/Lakan, (3) Mandozayi, (4) Terezayi, (5) Spera, (6) Tani and (7) Matoon Shamal. In Paktika\nprovince, the priorities are Barmal and Urgun districts. Barmal is poorly accessible for security\nreasons. In Khost province, the needs of 128,137 individuals were assessed (29,200 refugees and\n98,937 individuals in the host community), using a Rapid Assessment Form to collect quantitative\n\n\n13 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "data at village/community level. In Paktika province, the survey was carried out in two districts\n(Barmal and Urgun) using qualitative data collection methods (key informant interview and FGD).\n\nBased on the assessments results, the partners in Khost and Paktika have started to respond to\nacute needs in 2014 and will pursue their efforts in 2015 to reach the selected targets. The activities\nforeseen in 2015 are detailed in the annex and will cover the acute WASH needs of the affected\npopulation where accessibility is granted.\n\nTo prepare for a possible additional refugee crisis in 2015, the WASH cluster will reinforce its\noperational capacity, among others in developing standard assessment forms, strengthening its\ncontingency plan and training key resources at decentralized levels. Under the oversight of the\nWASH cluster, partners will be supported in conducting Rapid Assessment and data processing\nwithin two weeks following onset of a crisis. Additional decision-making tools will be made available\nsuch as a standard WASH Comprehensive Assessment Tool (CAT) and technical guidelines to\nimplement rapid live saving activities\n\n**Emergency Health and Nutrition**\nThe 2014 Humanitarian Needs Overview shows both provinces were among the 13 high-risk\nprovinces identified, to which additional resources from the Common Humanitarian Fund are being\nused. There was no allocation for emergency primary healthcare services in inaccessible areas, nor\ntreatment of malnutrition in 2014 but it is estimated that the refugees will require substantial\nnutrition services in 2015. Khost also ranked high with regard to the prevalence of malnutrition with\n18.2%; well above the emergency threshold of 15%. In Paktika, the overall malnutrition rates stand\nat 8.7%. The targets for the Nutrition cluster are calculated using the overall need for the refugees\nand assuming 50% coverage due to insecurity in many parts of Paktika as well as partner capacity to\nscale up in the two provinces.\n\nUtilizing existing resources, the Nutrition cluster is currently working on a modality to conduct\nnutrition surveys in the area in order to assess the nutritional status of the refugee population. It will\nalso determine whether the additional burden for hosting communities may further exacerbate the\nalready high malnutrition rates, particularly in Khost. If the situation worsens, additional funds will\nbe required in order to adequately respond to the need.\n\nThe spread of contagious but preventable diseases, such as measles, polio and Pertussis are high due\nto very low vaccination coverage of the refugee population. Outbreak of diarrhoeal disease,\nincluding cholera is a major concern for both the refugee population and hosting communities, due\nto the water scarcity in the summer season, endemic prevalence of such diseases and increased\npopulation with poor hygiene practices. The health system in both provinces has no capacity to\nhandle a major cholera outbreak, thus cholera treatment centres are urgently required.\n\nIn addition to communicable diseases, the situation merits scaling up of routine primary healthcare\nservices, particularly with regard to maternal and child health and mental health care. It is known\nthat refugee populations in a camp or among host community suffer from post-traumatic stress\ndisorder. The large influx has overburdened the health service providers; as such there is a dire need\nfor additional support to meet the increased demand.\n\n**Food Security**\nSince the onset of refugees entering Khost and Paktika in mid-2014, assessments have indicated\nfood assistance to be a top priority. WFP began its emergency food assistance to Pakistani refugees\nwith an initial caseload of 1,500 households. The total number of families supported by WFP has\nnow reached nearly 23,000 households, with an expectation that this may increase to at least 30,000\nhouseholds in the coming months, based on the current, most-likely scenario. Food distributions will\n\n\n14 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7489559650421143, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WASH cluster", - "confidence": 0.5397471785545349, - "start": 109, - "end": 111 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Paktika province", - "confidence": 0.8003107905387878, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9117810130119324, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.8092980980873108, - "start": 90, - "end": 92 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.9901053309440613, - "start": 359, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Nutrition cluster", - "confidence": 0.9269136190414429, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Paktika", - "confidence": 0.8994693756103516, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.9613824486732483, - "start": 373, - "end": 375 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "at all times focus on most vulnerable populations, who are scattered in 12 districts in Khost and\nPaktika provinces. The majority are concentrated in Khost centre, Matun, Gulan camp in Gurboz and\nBermal district in Paktika. To date, WFP has distributed a total of 4,100 metric tons of mixed food.\n\nAt the field level, WFP has worked closely with the local authorities, UNHCR and other UN agencies,\nas well as NGO partners. WFP currently has agreements with two NGOs (MEHR & ORCD) for food\ndistribution, and out-sourced monitors who are able to verify that distributions have been\ncompleted according to agreed protocols, and help identify any gaps and challenges. An agreement\nunder which UNHCR takes over responsibility for secondary transport and distribution, as per\ncorporate protocols, is due to be in place by November.\n\nHost communities have played an important role in helping refugees meet their basic needs, mainly\nachieved through depletion of food stocks, selling and consumption of poultry products, and selling\nof crop seeds set aside for plantation. This had a negative impact on the food security and\nlivelihoods of host communities. In order to address this, the local communities require support with\nagriculture inputs, certified wheat, maize, mung bean, vegetable seeds, small-scale poultry\nproduction, as well as training in livelihood protection. This will bolster their capacity to continue\nhosting refugees and help compensate for their depleted food and seed stocks.\n\n**Education**\nSafeguarding the right to education is an essential strategy to ensure the protection of children and\nadolescents and to fulfil its commitment towards the Education for All Framework. Children and\nadolescents should have access to child-friendly spaces, where recreational and learning activities,\nas well as psycho-social support, will be provided. Educational activities should be safe enough to\nprovide effective protection to refugee children, adolescents, boys and girls. Prevention and\nresponse mechanisms to violence in school should also be established.\n\nAs per initial estimates, 58% of the refugee population are children. Initial educational services and\npsychosocial support are being are being provided for 2,800 refugee children in grades 1-6 in Khost\nin a partnership between DoE, NRC and UNICEF. This needs to be expanded to cover all children,\nincluding older children, and children need to be provided with Pakistani text books (while both the\nPakistani refugees and the host population speak Pashto, the Pakistani children are taught in Urdu\nand English, and generally do not read Afghan Pashto). In addition, DoE and UNICEF are establishing\n100 temporary learning places in Paktika. DoE is providing funding for additional teachers while\nUNICEF is providing teaching and learning materials as well as tents. UNICEF will provide capacity\nbuilding support to DoE in Paktika as well as continuing to provide TLM supplies.\n\n**Partnership and Coordination**\nAt the national level, issues with regard to the displacement are dealt with under the National\nSecurity Council (NSC). Under the leadership of the NSC, and chaired by the Deputy National Security\nAdvisor, a task force monitors ongoing humanitarian activities in Khost and Paktika and provides\nsupport to the provincial committees. Members of this task force include representatives from key\nministries and the Afghan Red Crescent Society. UNHCR, as the mandated UN agency for refugee\nresponse, is represented at the NSC Taskforce meetings. The purpose of the taskforce is to provide\nregular reports to the President and the National Security Advisor via the task force Chair.\n\nOn the basis of recommendations made by this task force, the GoIRA \u2013 in coordination with\nUNHCR \u2013 will lead the refugee response as part of the overall humanitarian response under the\nleadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator. A Task Force has been set up in Kabul by UNHCR to\nfacilitate the coordination of the response to the refugee and displaced families in Khost and Paktika.\nThe task force includes humanitarian partners directly involved in responding to the arrivals and with\ncurrent experience from the region. The members include the following UN agencies: FAO, IOM,\n\n\n15 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNFPA, UNICEF, UNMAS, WFP and WHO, as well as national and international NGOs: CARE\nInternational, Danish Refugee Council (DRC), the Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees\n(DACAAR), Health Net International (HNI-TPO), International Medical Corps (IMC), International\nRescue Committee (IRC), Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Solidarites International, and The\nLiaison Office (TLO), as well as the Afghan Red Crescent Society (ARCS).\n\nA task force has also been established in Khost, co-chaired by the Governor of Khost and UNHCR.\nThe Governor of Khost has also set up eleven committees in districts affected by the refugee influx.\nThese committees are headed by various active heads of departments and are aimed at helping with\nregistration, coordination of humanitarian organisations and the facilitation of distribution of\nhumanitarian assistance. These 11 committees report to a central secretariat at the provincial level.\nThis secretariat is responsible for ensuring coherence, setting priorities and monitoring performance\nto mitigate corruption and enhance transparency and receives direct support from UNHCR. The\nsecretariat reports directly to the Governor of Khost.\n\nThere are a limited number of humanitarian actors in Khost who were able to cover the most\nessential needs during the emergency phase. The number of actors is slowly increasing and GoIRA, in\ncollaboration with UNHCR, is coordinating the assistance and repartition of coverage by sectors.\nAssistance in areas of WASH, health, shelter and food security is being dealt with by the partners\nalready on the ground, while the Cluster Coordinators are kept informed in Kabul, in order to utilize\nexisting expertise and resources available in-country. Once the emergency phase moves into a more\nstable response, UNHCR will remain responsible for all protection issues, in coordination with\nrelevant partners.\n\nIn Paktika, assistance and support will be coordinated by the Governor\u2019s office \u2013 in cooperation with\nUNHCR \u2013 from Bermal district centre. Remote support to the provincial and district governing\nauthorities will be provided. Regular coordination meetings, co-chaired by the Governor\u2019s office and\nUNHCR, and national non-governmental organizations on the ground take place and have facilitated\nthe coordination of distribution of assistance to refugee families residing mainly in Bermal and\nUrgun districts of Paktika. Coordination and liaison between the Governor\u2019s office, UNHCR and\nnational and international organizations also takes place at the Kabul level.\n\n\n16 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**STRATEGIC PRIORITY THREE: TIMELY RESPONSE TO AFFECTED POPULATIONS**\n\n\n**OUTCOME THREE: 3.3 TIMELY PROVISION OF LIFESAVING ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES, AFGHAN REFUGEE**\n**RETURNEES AND UNDOCUMENTED VULNERABLE RETURNEES**\n\n**Objective 1:** Provision of protection to Pakistani refugees\n\n\nOUTPUTS Locations Indicators Target\n\n\n\n80-100% of\nrefugees\n\n\n12,000 children\n\n\n12,000 children\n\n\n2,000 families\n\n\n20,000\nvulnerable\nfamilies\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n100%\n\n\n\nQuality of registration\nand profiling improved Khost and Paktika (including Gulan camp)\nor maintained\n\n\n\n% of persons of concern registered\non an individual basis\n\n\nExtent children of concern have\nnon-discriminatory access to national\nchild protection and social services\n\n\nschool-age children have\naccess to educational and\npsychosocial services\n\n\n# of elderly persons of concern who\nreceive services for their specific needs\n\n\nExtent persons of concern are\nrepresented in leadership\nmanagement structures\n\n\nExtent camp coordination\nmechanisms working effectively\n\n\n% of camp population who\nreceived M/ERW\n\n\n\nSecurity from Violence and\nExploitation: protection of\nchildren strengthened, risk of\nSGBV is reduced and quality of\nresponse improved\n\n\n\nKhost and Paktika (including Gulan camp)\n\n\n\nServices for persons with specific\nKhost and Paktika (including Gulan camp)\nneeds strengthened\n\n\nCommunity-based approach,\nincluding participatory\nassessments, in the emergency\noperation to ensure that the Khost and Paktika (including Gulan camp)\nfollow-up phase supports\ncommunities to regain control of\ntheir lives as quickly as possible\n\n\nCamp management\nand coordination refined Gulan camp\nand improved\n\n\nMine and ERW risk education Gulan camp\n\n\n\n**Objective 2:** Essential services to Pakistani refugees, while pursuing durable solutions\n\n\nActivities Locations Indicator Target\n\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n5,000 families\n\n\n17 |\n\n\n\nUniform treatment and standards\nof protection and services for\nall refugees\n\n\n\nGulan Camp\n\n\n\nProportion of household with access\nto a functioning toilet\n\n\nProportion of household possessing\nsoap\n\n\nProportion of household with\nemergency tents\n\n\nPreventative and life-saving\nhealth care services provided\n\n\nSupply of potable water increased\nor maintained\n\n\nPerimeter of the refugee\ncamp secured\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Activities Locations Indicator Target\n\n\n\nComprehensive\nneeds\nassessment\n\n\n2,500\ntents/families\n\n\n3,000 NFI\nkits/families\n\n\n80% of refugees\nhosted\n\n\n\nEnsure Refugees have\nadequate protection from the weather\nin order to create the necessary\nprivacy, psychological comfort, and\nemotional safety through provision of\nemergency shelter and NFI's\n\n\n\nKhost and Paktika\n\n\n\nTo re-assess post-spring the\nemergency shelter situation on the\nground in order to revise the approach\nand develop a transitional\nsolutions according\n\n\nProcurement and distribution\nof emergency tents\n\n\nPopulation has sufficient basic\nand domestic items\n\n\nProportion of households\nwithin intervention areas with\naccess to safe drinking water\n\n\n\nNumber of jerry cans distributed 1,142 jerry cans\n\n\n\nWASH services are provided to refugees\nKhost and Paktika\nand the host communities\n\n\nReduce incidence of maternal and child\nmortality and morbidity in targeted Khost and Paktika\nareas\n\n\n\n# of children vaccinated 136,221\nvaccinated\n\n\n\nProportion of households\nwithin intervention areas with\nsoap available at hand washing area\n\n\nProportion of households\nwithin intervention areas with access\nto a functioning toilet\n\n\nCase fatality rate during epidemics\nare maintained within\ninternationally agreed standards\n\n\nCase fatality rate during epidemics\nare maintained within\ninternationally agreed standards\n\n\n\n80% of refugees\nhosted\n\n\n80% of refugees\nhosted\n\n\nMeasles\nCFR <5%\nCholera <1%\n\n\nMeasles\nCFR <5%\nCholera <1%\n\n\n\n% of new unforeseen\nemergencies responded to with\nadequate supplies\n\n\n\n100%\n\n\n\nTo provide Food assistance to meet\ntheir immediate food needs Khost and Paktika\n\n\n\nTo provide Food assistance to meet # of families supplied with adequate 30,000 most\ntheir immediate food needs Khost and Paktika and nutritional food vulnerable\n\nrefugee families\n\n**Objective 3:** Immediate humanitarian needs for refugee returnees and undocumented vulnerable migrant\nreturnees, are met\n\n\n\n# of families supplied with adequate\nand nutritional food\n\n\n\nActivities Locations Indicator Target\n\n\n\n50,000\nrefugee\nreturnees\n\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation: protection and\nbasic assistance upon arrival,\nsupporting education registration,\nlifesaving healthcare, and essential\nvaccinations for children under 5 years\nof age, as well as basic mine/ERW\nawareness, transit facilities and how to\naccess legal aid\n\n\nUndocumented vulnerable returnees:\nprovision of humanitarian assistance\nand return assistance upon arrival.\n\n\nThe most vulnerable returnees will\nbe prioritized for the provision\nof shelter, access to basic services\nand reintegration assistance\n\n\n\nUNHCR and DoRR Encashment/\nreception centres in\nNangarhar, Paktya, Kandahar,\nKabul and Herat provinces\n\n\nHerat, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Khost\nand Paktika\n\n\nHerat, Nangarhar, Kandahar, Kabul,\nNimroz, Gardez, Khost\nand Paktika\n\n\nAreas of highest return with most\nvulnerable\n\n\n\n# of Afghan refugee returnees\nreceiving assistance upon arrival\n\n\n\n# of returnees identified\nas People with Specific Needs\nprovided assistance\n\n\n# of returnees\nassisted at\nplace of return\n\n\n\n# of returnee families covered 5,000\nunder UNHCR Protection refugee\nreturnee monitoring (through H/H returnees\nsurveys and tracking interviews, follow\nup, physical visit of families in their places\nof return\n\n\n# of PSNs assisted 45,000\nUndocumented\nmigrant\nreturnees\n\n\n\n1,360 returnees\n(refugee and\nundocumented\n\n\n245,600\nrefugee\nreturnees\n\n\n18 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Locations Indicator", - "confidence": 0.5804935097694397, - "start": 1, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9741241931915283, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Locations Indicator", - "confidence": 0.6735936403274536, - "start": 312, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9144241213798523, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nreturnees", - "confidence": 0.8164767026901245, - "start": 318, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee\nreturnee monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9432122111320496, - "start": 487, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5901548862457275, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.5312668681144714, - "start": 450, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da33aea6-d61c-31f9-abef-cf7c8c568871/2014%20Afghanistan%20Refugee%20and%20Returnee%20Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_210/raw/doc_210_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_210/raw/doc_210_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7d961ec7411583c84b96c94626beda2f9afcfecd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_210/raw/doc_210_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,484 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated\n\n#### Overview of Trends January to December 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Arrivals to Europe between January and December 2019 [1]\n\nBetween January and December 2019, some **33,200** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. Of them\nsome **9,000** (27%) were unaccompanied or separated children (UASC) [2] . Also, child arrivals in 2019 in Greece, Spain, Italy and Bulgaria\nincreased by **7%** compared to arrivals registered in 2018 ( **30,085** ).\n\n\n##### Greece\n\nBetween January and December 2019, some\n**25,443** [3] children arrived in Greece by land\nand sea, including **3,852** (15%) UASC. [4] Due\nto the high number of people arriving in 2019,\nthe number of children also increased \u2013 nearly\n50% higher compared to children arriving in\n2018 (17,100). The number of children arriving\nunaccompanied or separated also increased\n\n- 63% higher compared to 2018 (2,369).\nMost children, including UASC, were from\nAfghanistan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq and\nthe Democratic Republic of Congo.\n\n##### Malta\n\nBetween January and December 2019, some\n**868** [7] children, including **768** (88%) UASC arrived\nin Malta following search and rescue operations\nat sea. Most children, including UASC,\noriginated from Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea.\n\n\n##### Spain\n\nBetween January and December 2019, some\n**3,775** [5] children were estimated to have arrived\nby sea, including some **2,147** (57%) UASC.This\nis half the number compared to 2018, when a\ntotal of 7,800 children arrived to Spain. Official\nstatistics on the nationality of children arriving\nwere not available, but based on estimates\nand observed trends, most children, including\nUASC, originated from Morocco, the Syrian\nArab Republic, Algeria and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.\n\n##### Bulgaria\n\nBetween January and December 2019,\n**731** children lodged asylum applications in\nBulgaria. Among them, **72%** (524) were UASC.\nMost asylum-seeking children originated from\nAfghanistan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq. [8]\n\n\n##### Italy\n\nAmong the **2,232** children who arrived in Italy\nbetween January and December 2019, **1,680**\n(75%) were unaccompanied or separated. This\nis a 48% decrease compared to 2018 (4,278) \u2013\nin line with the sharp decrease in sea crossings\nsince July 2017. Most children originated\nfrom Tunisia, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Pakistan, Iraq and\nBangladesh. [6]\n\n##### Cyprus\n\n\nBetween January and December 2019, some\n**160** children, including **74** UASC arrived by\nsea in Cyprus. Most of the children, including\nUASC, originated from the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and the Democratic Republic of\nCongo.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n**Demographic of Arrivals, including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children**\n\n\n\nGreece Spain Italy\n\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\nBulgaria Cyprus Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n\n3,852\n1,680\n2,147\n524\n768\n74\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nGreece\nItaly\nSpain\nBulgaria\nMalta\nCyprus\n\n\n\n21,591\n552\n1,628\n207\n100\n86\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n**Nationality of Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees;_\n_Spanish Ministry of Interior; Malta Immigration Police; and Ministry for Home Affairs, National_\n_Security and Law Enforcement, Malta (MHAS)._\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n\n**Age and sex breakdown of all Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\nAmong the 21,898 accompanied children who arrived in\nGreece, Bulgaria and Malta, 36% were 0 to 4 years old, 52%\nwere 5 to 14 years old and 16% were 15 to 17 years old. An age\nbreakdown for accompanied children in Italy, Spain and Cyprus\nis not available.\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\n**Reception on arrival as of December 2019**\n\nGreece\n#### \u25aa An estimated 42,500 children were present in Greece as of\n\n31 December 2019, up from 27,000 in December 2018.\n#### \u25aa Of all children present in Greece, 48% were living in urban areas\n\n(apartments, hotels, shelters for UASC, self-settled, etc.); 25%\nwere in accommodation sites and 1% were in safe zones for\nUASC.\n#### \u25aa A further 26% of all children were found in Reception and\n\nIdentification Centres - twice as many when compared to\nDecember 2018. This included 1,809 unaccompanied children\n(nearly three times more when compared to December\n2018).\n#### \u25aa Out of the 4,815 unaccompanied children present in Greece,\n\n42% (2,034) were in appropriate accommodation for UASC\n(1,286 in long-term accommodation and another 748 in\ntemporary accommodation for UASC. This represented an\nincrease of 14% compared to December 2018 following the\ncreation of additional accommodation for UASC in Greece.\nYet, the increased overall caseload meant that as of December\n2019 more than half of all UASC in Greece (2,781) remained\noutside appropriate accommodation, including 1,045 UASC\nliving in informal/insecure housing conditions. Another 195\nUASC (double compared to December 2018) also remained\nin protective custody/detention due to lack of alternatives.\n\n\nItaly\n#### \u25aa A total of 6,054 children (95% boys and 5% girls) were\n\npresent and registered in different types of accommodation\nat the end of December 2019. This is a 44% decrease\ncompared to December 2018 \u2013 mainly due to the decrease\nin sea arrivals, as well as adolescents reaching adulthood.\n#### \u25aa Most of all registered UASC at the end of December 2019\n\nwere in shelters run by State authorities and non-profit\nentities (85% of the total in second-level reception centres\nand 9% in first-level reception centres), while 6% were in\nprivate accommodation (family care arrangements).\n#### \u25aa Additionally, 5,383 previously registered UASC were\n\nconsidered to be out of the reception system but still under\n18 at the end of December 2019 (in December 2018, this\nnumber stood at 5,230).\n\nSpain\n#### \u25aa At the end of December 2019, there were 12,417 UASC\n\naccommodated in specialized government-run reception\ncentres across the 17 Autonomous communities and the\n2 autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. This is a 10%\ndecrease compared to December 2018, when 13,796\nUASC were in reception centres.\n#### \u25aa The regions hosting the vast majority of UASC are Andalusia\n\n(37%), Catalonia (16%), Melilla (11%), Ceuta and Basque\ncountry (6% each). Out of the total UASC in reception,\n91% were male and 9% were female. Main nationalities of\naccommodated UASC (including EU and non-EU nationals)\nwere Morocco (67%), Guinea Conakry (8%), Algeria (5%),\nMali (5%) and C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (4%).\n\n\nBulgaria\n#### \u25aa As of the end of December 2019, nearly 140 children, including\n\n33 UASC were accommodated in reception facilities in Sofia\nand southern Bulgaria. This represents a 36% decrease in\nthe number of children present in the country compared to\nDecember 2018. Most children came from Afghanistan, Iraq\nand the Syrian Arab Republic.\n#### \u25aa In 2019, with the financial support provided by the EU, IOM\n\nestablished one safety zone for unaccompanied asylumseeking children in Sofia. During the year, 196 children were\naccommodated in the facility: most of them (191) were aged\n14 or older, and only 5 were below 14 years of age. Most of\nthem originated from Afghanistan and a small number from\nPakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\n79%\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n47%\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and\nMalta between January and December 2019 were between 15\nand 17 years old (80% overall). Age disaggregated data on UASC\narriving to Spain and Cyprus is not available.\n\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years\n\n\n\n15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs on UASC in reception, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security_\n_and Law Enforcement (MHAS)._\n\n_Note: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and sex across countries, these graphs refer to estimates._\n\n\nSex Breakdown of Children by Country of Arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys among arrivals remains high - nearly\ntwo-thirds of children who arrived through various Mediterranean\nroutes in 2019 were boys. Yet, the proportion of girls arriving to Greece\nin the same period was significant - 41% of all child arrivals. This relates\nto the much higher proportion of girls among accompanied children as\ncompared to children that travel unaccompanied. Sex disaggregated\ndata on UASC arriving to Spain is not available.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 6,054 UASC registered in reception in 2019 according to the_\n_Ministry of Labour and Social Policies._\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n\nSerbia\n#### \u25aa A total of 947 children (19% girls and 81% boys) were\n\npresent in the country as of December 2019, 17% less\ncompared to December 2018, but slightly more compared\nto the caseload in June 2019.\n#### \u25aa With 465 UASC present in December 2019, the proportion\n\nof UASC among all refugee and migrant children in Serbia\nincreased to 49%, up from 42% in December 2018.\n\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina\n#### \u25aa As of December 2019, 1,182 children (15% girls and 86%\n\nboys) were present in different accommodation centres in\nBosnia and Herzegovina (state-run facilities, IOM-managed\nreception centres, shelters run by NGOs) or awaiting the\nregistration of their asylum claim in a registered private\naccommodation \u2013 a 100% increase compared to December\n2018. Of them, 640 (40%) were UASC, all of whom boys.\nNo data is available on the number of children among\nthe estimated 3,550 people privately accommodated or\nsquatting in other areas of the country.\n#### \u25aa Of the 749 children accommodated in the five IOM\nmanaged reception centres, 176 (23%) are girls and 573\n(77%) are boys. Of them, 267 (36%) are UASC, all boys.\n#### \u25aa Meanwhile, just over 80 children had applied for asylum in\n\nthe country (43% girls and 57% boys).\n\n\nMontenegro\n#### \u25aa Since the beginning of 2019, there has been a steady\n\nincrease in refugees and migrants transiting through and\nstaying in Montenegro. As of 31 December 2019, 417\nchildren were present in the country. This included 407\naccompanied children (66% boys and 34% girls) and 10\nunaccompanied children. Children represent 5% of the\ntotal number of refugees and migrants who were present\nin reception facilities in the country.\n#### \u25aa While the numbers remain relatively low, there is a lack\n\nof appropriate accommodation and limited access to basic\nservices for children and families.\n\n\nCroatia\n#### \u25aa As of December 2019, 210 children, predominately boys\n\n(63%) including UASC (51), were present in Croatia. During\n2019, 355 UASC were identified by the Croatian border\npolice, 92% increase compared to the previous year when\n184 UASC were identified.\n#### \u25aa In October 2019, the Croatian government designated two\n\nfacilities for children in Zagreb and in Split for the initial\nreception of UASC during which best interests procedures\nwould be undertaken. The procedures should be completed\nwithin 3 months to determine appropriate solutions,\nincluding on accommodation and care. The children,\nirrespective of their legal status, are largely entitled to the\nsame protection and care as Croatian children.\n\n\nHungary\n#### \u25aa As of December 2019, a total of 198 children were held\n\nin the Roszke and Tompa transit zones (118 boys and 80\ngirls), which was 54% of the total number of the asylumseeker population. 20% of them were held there for more\nthan a year, 43% of them were held there for more than 9\nmonths. They do not have access to regular education in\nthe transit zones and access to various support services,\nincluding psychosocial care, is limited and inadequate to\naddress special needs.\n#### \u25aa As of October 2019, 13 UASC (below the age of 14 [9] ) were\n\naccommodated in a designated child care facility and a\ntotal of 32 young adults were in aftercare.\n\n\n\nPoland\n#### \u25aa In 2019, a total of 1,807 children, including 105 UASC,\n\napplied for asylum in Poland. 70% of the children were\nbelow 14 years.\n#### \u25aa Asylum-seeking children have the same right to education as\n\nnational children. In addition, they have access to additional\nlanguage classes and support from bilingual teaching\nassistants. Moreover, schools may offer more targeted\nsupport in case of specific needs.\n#### \u25aa As of Dec 2019, 757 children were accommodated in 10\n\nfacilities with their parents and/or relatives. 4 UASC were\nplaced in the national child care facilities with Polish children,\nwhere some challenges with language, cultural differences\nand legal issues were observed.\n#### \u25aa In 2019, a total of 131 children (with families as well as\n\nUASC above 15 years) were placed in detention.\n\n\nRomania\n#### \u25aa In 2019, a total of 532 children, including 239 UASC, applied\n\nfor asylum in Romania. Families with children, who do not\nhave sufficient resources for private accommodation, are\nhosted in one of the six existing reception facilities. As of\nDecember 2019, approximately 69 children, including 21\nUASC, were accommodated in government-run reception\ncentres.\n#### \u25aa Those under the age of 16 are usually referred to national\n\nchild protection services, while older adolescents typically\nremain in government-run reception facilities for asylum\nseekers and refugees of all ages.\n\n\nSlovenia\n#### \u25aa In 2019, a total of 835 children, including 676 UASC, applied\n\nfor asylum in Slovenia. Currently, most unaccompanied\nchildren are accommodated in a designated part of a\ndormitory for high-school students.\n\n\nMalta\n#### \u25aa All children are subject to limitations to their freedom of\n\nmovement upon arrival at the Initial Reception Centre and\nthe Safi detention centre for an initial period of several weeks\nto months, where health checks take place before children\ncan be transferred to open centres. Delays in transfer to open\ncentres occur mostly as a result of lack of reception space in\nopen centres/centres devoted to UASC. In December 2019,\nonly around 50 children were residing in an open centre\ndedicated specifically to unaccompanied children where their\nfreedom of movements was not subject to constraints. Some\n186 UASC, or 24% of all UASC who arrived in Malta by sea\nin 2019, remained in the Safi detention facility in December\n2019, while another 82 UASC, or 11% of UASC sea arrivals\nin 2019 were accommodated in the Initial Reception Centre,\na reception facility where health checks, age and vulnerability\nassessments normally take place.\n#### \u25aa Throughout 2019, due to the increase in the number of UASC\n\narriving by sea, UASC who were age assessed as 16 years\nold or above also started being accommodated in an open\ncentre for adults, which hosts over 1,000 persons. A \u2018buffer\nzone\u2019 to separate UASC from adults was created in this open\ncentre in late 2019, but separation was possible only to a\nlimited extent, with children still sharing common facilities\nwith adults and insufficient physical barriers to isolate the\nchildren\u2019s area. Open centres require enhanced reception\nfacilities for UASC - both in terms of support provided and\nspace to ensure that children are separated from adults and\nprotected as needed.\n\n\nReception systems for UASC vary greatly across and within\ncountries, and can pose protection risks if not appropriate for\nthe needs of children, particularly unaccompanied and separated\nchildren. A significant number of unaccompanied children are not\nhosted in formal shelters or family-based care arrangements. While\nofficial information is unavailable, reports suggest these children\nhave moved onwards, residing in informal accommodation or on\nthe streets.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n##### Refugee and Migrant Children\u2019s Journey to Europe\n\n\n\nBetween July and December 2019, IOM interviewed 100 children\n(aged 14 to 17 years) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy and North\nMacedonia. They represented 3.5 % of all Flow Monitoring Surveys\n(FMS) [10 ] collected in Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy and\nNorth Macedonia and Spain) with migrant adults and children in\n2019. No children were interviewed in Spain.\n\n\nProfile\n\n\nOnly 4 out of 100 children interviewed were female. More than\nhalf (56%) of the children were interviewed along the Central\nMediterranean route (Italy), while the rest were interviewed\nalong the Eastern Mediterranean route (Bosnia and Herzegovina\nand North Macedonia). Almost two thirds (62%) of all child\nrespondents were 17 years old at the time of the survey.\nTunisia (from the provinces of Sidi Bouzid, Mednine, Sfax,\nMonastir), Pakistan (mostly from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\nprovinces) and Afghanistan (mostly from Nangarhar and Kabul)\nwere the main countries of origin of child respondents in 2019\n(27%, 20% and 11% respectively), followed by children from other\n12 different countries.\n\n\nAlmost half of them (41%) reported to have completed lower\nsecondary education, and more than one third (36%) to have\ncompleted primary school. 53% reported to have left school more\nthan 2 years prior to the interview while 9% reported to have never\ngone to school.\n\n\n\nJourney\n\n\nMost children (71%) travelled alone, while 12% traveled with one\nor more family members.\n\n\nAll interviewed children from Tunisia reported to have crossed\nthe Mediterranean directly into Southern Italy from Tunisia.\nAmong other nationalities, two-thirds of children reported to\nhave spent more than three months in transit. Moreover, 28\nper cent of children reported to have stayed in a transit country\nfor more than 1 year before leaving for Europe (mostly in Libya).\n\nReasons and intentions\n\n\nEconomic reasons were reported as one reason to undertake the\nmigration journey by 41% of all children interviewed, followed by\nwar and conflict (22%), violence against them (16%), limited access\nto basic services (11%) and education (8%). Children also referred\nto reasons related to safety and protection issues within their\nfamilies, as well as their desire for a better future and opportunities\nfor education and work.\n\n\nAt the time of departure, most common intended destinations included\nItaly (37%), France (26%) and Europe in general (13%).\n\n\n_Source: DTSource: https://migration.iom.int/reports/europe-%E2%80%94%C2%A0f_ ~~_M Europe \u2014 Flow Monitoring Surveys \u2014 Children & Migration (2019)_~~ _ow-monitoring-surveys-%E2%80%94-children-migration-2019?close=true_\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9827345013618469, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8069167137145996, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "FMS", - "confidence": 0.9749339818954468, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.6879917979240417, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5249832272529602, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5670933127403259, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.972472608089447, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrant adults and children", - "confidence": 0.9241073131561279, - "start": 83, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8353965878486633, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tunisia", - "confidence": 0.6708911657333374, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9625980854034424, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "child\nrespondents", - "confidence": 0.9278033971786499, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.8350998163223267, - "start": 510, - "end": 513 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9902570247650146, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9526639580726624, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n##### Asylum Applications and Decisions [11]\n\nIn 2019, European countries [12] recorded 672,935 new asylum\nseekers. Nearly a third of them ( **202,945** ) were children. This\nrepresents a slight increase of **6%** compared to the same period in\n2018 (191,800). Among children, **17,735** were considered UASC\nwhile claiming asylum in Europe \u2013 13% less compared to 2018\n(20,440).\n\n\nIn 2019, the **Syrian Arab Republic** continues to be most common\ncountry of origin among child asylum seekers, yet it currently\nrepresents only 21% of child asylum seekers (compared to 24%\nin 2018). Other common countries of origin among child asylum\nseekers include **Afghanistan** (11%), **Iraq** (7%), **Venezuela** (4%),\nEritrea (4%), followed by Nigeria, Turkey, Colombia and Albania\n(3% each). Most UASC came from Afghanistan (28%), Pakistan\n(8%), Syrian Arab Republic (8%), Iraq and Eritrea (6% each).\n\n\nIn general, **45%** of all child asylum seekers in 2019 were female,\nand most of them originated from Syrian Arab Republic (22%),\nAfghanistan (9%), Iraq (7%), Venezuela (5%), Nigeria, Eritrea and\nTurkey (4% each). Significantly less UASC asylum-seekers were\ngirls (14%).\n\n\nSimilarly to previous years, **Germany** remained the top destination\nfor refugee and migrant children, registering 35% of all child asylum\napplications lodged in Europe between January and December\n2019 (71,420 children). Other European countries that recorded\nlarge numbers of child asylum seekers include **France** (26,160\nchildren,13%), **Greece** (25,165 children, 12%), **Spain** (21,715\nchildren, 11%), and the **United Kingdom** (10,295 children, 5%).\nGreece remains the country with the highest number of first-time\napplicants relative to its population. Rather a different trend was\nobserved among UASC asylum seekers, whose top destinations\nwere the United Kingdom (3,650 children, 21%), Greece (3,330\nchildren, 19%) and Germany (2,690, 15%).\n\n\nFirst-time Asylum Applications Lodged by Children, and\nAsylum Applicants considered to be Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children, between January and December\n2019, by Country of Asylum*\n\n\nchildren UASC\n\n\n\n\n\n**In 20** 19, a total of 19, a total of **171,125171,125** decis dec sions w **i** ons wer **e** issued on child re issued on child\n**asylum** claims by national authorities across Europe. Yet, due to claims by national authorities across Europe. Yet, due to\n**accumu** lated backlogs in national asylum systems, over 233,405 lated backlogs in national asylum systems, over 233,405\n**asylum** applications by children were still register applications by children were still regist **e** d as pending in red as pending in\n**Decemb** er 2019.er 2019.\n\n\n\nOf all decisions issued in 2019, Of all decisions issued in 2019, **59% (101,725)59% (101,725)** were positive \u2013 were positive\na slight increase compared to 2018 (56% of positive decisions), \u2013 a slight increase compared to 2018 when 56% were positive,\nyet significantly lower as compared to 2017 and 2016, when yet significantly lower as compared to 2017 and 2016, when\nrespectively 63% and 67% of children received positive asylum respectively 63% and 67% of children received positive asylum\ndecisions.decisions.\n\n\n\n**67%67%** of all children who received positive decisions were granted of all children who received positive decisions were granted\n**refugee statusrefugee status**, while the remaining were granted subsidiary, while the remaining were granted subsidiary\nprotection (19%) and humanitarian status (14%). This represents a protection (19%) and humanitarian status (14%). This represents a\npositive trend over the past years \u2013 as refugee status was granted positive trend over the past years \u2013 as refugee status was granted\nin 63% of positive decisions in 2018, 50% in 2017 and 53% in in 63% of positive decisions in 2018, 50% in 2017 and 53% in\n2016. 2016.\n\n\n\nThis is particularly visible among Syrian children, for whom refugee\n\nThis is particularly visible among Syrian children, for whom refugee\n\nstatus decisions increased to 74% in 2019 up from 62% in 2018,\n\nstatus decisions increased to 74% in 2019 up from 62% in 2018,\n\nwhile subsidiary protection decisions dropped from 27% to 23%.\n\nwhile subsidiary protection decisions dropped from 27% to 23%.\n\n\n\nMany child asylum seekers received negative decisions, notably\n\nMany child asylum seekers received negative decisions, notably\n\namong those coming from North African countries (90% on\n\namong those coming from North African countries (90% on\n\naverage), as well as children from Georgia (95%), Albania (89%)\n\naverage), as well as children from Georgia (95%), Albania (89%)\n\nand Russian Federation (72%).\n\nand Russian Federation (72%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications between\nJanuary and December 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nthe United\nKingdom\n\n\nSweden\n\n\nBelgium\n\n\nAustria\n\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\nNetherlands\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nOthers\n\n\n\n\n\n2,690\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSUBSIDIARY Protection\n\n\nhumanitarian status\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*The difference in numbers of arrivals and asylum applications can be explained by the long waiting times before_\n_people can claim asylum, backlogs in national asylum systems, as well as the fact that applications can be submitted_\n_by persons who have arrived previously or did not necessarily come through the Mediterranean Routes._\n\n\n\nRejected Asylum Applications\n\n\nRefugee Status\n\n\n_Source: Eurostat 2019_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n##### Relocation\n\nAfter the official closure of the EU emergency relocation scheme\nin 2018 [13], IOM has continued to support national authorities\nto relocate migrants and refugees arriving by sea to other EU\nMember States through bilateral agreements between countries\ninvolved. Between January and December 2019, a total of 23\nunaccompanied children were relocated to Germany (12), Finland\n(5), Ireland (4) and Slovenia (2), from Malta. Additionally, 157\nunaccompanied children were transferred to the United Kingdom\nwithin the framework of the DUBS scheme, from Greece (73)\nFrance (54) and Italy (30).\n\n\n##### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\nOf all returnees from Greece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey\nStatement between 2016 and December 2019 (2,001), 96 (5%)\nwere children. All of them were returned with their families.\n\n\n[ _[source](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73295)_ ] _: h://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73295_\n\n##### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC\n\nBetween January and December 2019, IOM provided AVRR\nsupport to **78,898** migrants globally (24% more than the same\nperiod in 2018). 18% of them were children, including **2,364**\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\nOverall, **28,252** AVRR beneficiaries were assisted to return from\nthe European Economic Area and Switzerland, with **46%** (13,092)\nassisted to return from Germany. **23%** (6,523) of AVRR beneficiaries\nfrom the European Economic Area and Switzerland were children,\nincluding 130 unaccompanied and separated. Over half of the\nbeneficiaries assisted to return from the European Economic Area\nand Switzerland (51% or 14,589) returned to South-eastern and\nEastern Europe. Another 18% (5,139) returned to the Middle East\nand Northern Africa and 17% (4,900) went back to Asia and Pacific\nregion.\n\n##### Children Resettled to Europe\n\nOf the total **33,900** people in resettlement procedures to Europe as\nof December 2019, **52%** were children (28% boys and 24% girls).\nChildren\u2019s resettlement cases in Europe were most commonly\nbeing considered by Germany, Sweden, norway, France and\nthe United Kingdom. The most common countries of origin of\nchildren whose cases were being considered by European states\nfor resettlement included the Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo, Somalia and Eritrea.\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian State Agency_\n_for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR resettlement portal and UNICEF_\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2019\n\n\n##### Definitions:\n\nA \" **separated child** \" is a child separated from both parents or from\nhis/her previous legal or customary primary care-giver, but not\nnecessarily from other relatives. This may, therefore, mean that the\nchild is accompanied by other adult family members.\n\nAn \" **unaccompanied child** \" is a child separated from both\nparents and other relatives and are not being cared for by any\nother adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so.\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/4098b3172/inter-agency-guiding-principles-unaccompanied-separated-children.html\n\n[ _s_ ~~_ource_~~ ~~]~~\n\nA \" **refugee** \" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being\npersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of\na particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country\nof his nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling\nto avail himself of the protection of that country (Article 1 A 1951\nRefugee Convention).\n\nAn \" **asylum seeker** \" is a person who has applied for asylum and\nis waiting for a decision as to whether or not they are a refugee.\nDetermination of refugee status can only be of a declaratory nature.\nIndeed, any person is a refugee within the framework of a given\ninstrument if he meets the criteria of the refugee definition in\nthat instrument, whether he is formally recognized as a refugee\nor not (UNHCR Note on Determination of Refugee Status under\nInternational Instruments) ~~[~~ https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments. ~~_source_~~ ~~]~~\n\nA \" **migrant** \" refers to any phtml erson who is moving or has moved\nacross an international border or within a State away from his/her\nhabitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person\u2019s legal\nstatus; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3)\nwhat the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length of\n\nhttps://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant\n\nthe stay is. [ ~~_source_~~ ~~]~~\n\n\n\nhtml\n\n\n\nhttps://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant\n\n\n##### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and\nchildren) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements\nare largely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which\nare difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely disaggregated by\nnationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or currently\nresiding in, different European countries is often unavailable. The\nnumber of asylum applications filed by UASC is used to provide\nan indication of trends but does not necessarily provide an\naccurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs in national asylum\nsystems, onward irregular movements or children not applying for\nasylum at all. In addition, due to different definitions and national\nprocedures and practices, collecting accurate data on separated\nchildren specifically is very challenging (e.g. separated children\nbeing registered as either accompanied or unaccompanied). It\nshould also be noted that complete data for the period January to\nDecember 2019 on UASC asylum applications were not available\nor final for all EU member states on Eurostat website at the time\nwhen this factsheet was released.\n\n\n##### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and\nUASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, reception, asylum applications, asylum\ndecisions, profiling of arrivals, relocation within Europe,\nresettlement to European countries, as well as returns from\nGreece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey statement and assisted\nvoluntary returns from European countries.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2019. The factsheet is produced every six months to provide upto-date information on refugee and migrant children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n\n1. Data on arrivals in Italy does not include land arrivals. Data for Spain includes both sea\nand land arrivals and is based on UNHCR estimates, pending provision of final figures by\nSpanish authorities. Figures for UASC are only available for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or\nMelilla).\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal\nor customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may,\ntherefore, include children accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied\nchildren are children who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and\nare not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so\n(IASC).\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border activities and\nare provided by Hellenic Police and the National Coordination Centre for Border Control,\nImmigration and Asylum Service.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 9,816 referrals were made to the Greek National\nCentre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on islands and mainland\nGreece, including near the land border with Turkey in January-December 2019.\n\n5. UNHCR estimated figures pending provision of final figures by the government. Figures on\nUASC arrivals to Ceuta and Melilla are not included. Children arriving in Canary Islands from\nWest Africa are included.\n\n6. Data on arrivals and demographic of refugees and migrants registered in Italy is based on\ninformation received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n7. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home\nAffairs,National Security and Law Enforcement (MHAS), Malta. UASC figures are based\non age declared by the refugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all the persons who make\nsuch a declaration are recognised to be UASC by the authorities after the age assessment\nis conducted.\n\n8. For 2019, asylum application data is used to provide an estimate of child arrivals in\n2019. Data on arrivals in Bulgaria comprising apprehensions upon irregular entry, exit or\ninside the country is not disaggregated by age. The vast majority of children arriving in\nBulgaria apply for asylum.\n\n9. Under emergency regulations adopted by the Hungarian government in 2017, unaccompanied and separated asylum-seeking children of and above the age of 14 years are\nconfined to the transit zones for the duration of the asylum procedure.\n\n10. The Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) are part of the IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix\n(DTM) activities in the Mediterranean region, started in October 2015 and conducted within\nthe framework of IOM\u2019s research on populations on the move through the Mediterranean\nand Western Balkan Routes to Europe. Surveys are analysed to provide information on\nprofiles, transit routes and vulnerabilities of respondents. Below are summary findings\nbased on the analysis of different nationality groups.\n\n11. Data on asylum applications and decisions are from Eurostat [migr_asyappctza, migr\nasyunaa, migr_asydcfsta, migr_asypenctzm], last checked on April 29 2020. Data for Spain\nand Cyprus on asylum applicants considered to be UASC were not available at the time of\nclosing the report; all data are constantly subject to revisions/adjustments.\n\n12. European Union Member States plus the United Kingdom, Iceland, Liechtenstein,\n\nNorway and Switzerland.\n\n13. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights released the\nlessons learned report on the unaccompanied children relocation\nschemes: https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2020/relocation-unaccompanied-children\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Eduard Bonet Porqueras**\nebonet@unicef.org\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet, please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.830177903175354, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.881096601486206, - "start": 642, - "end": 643 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8260301351547241, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9676080346107483, - "start": 660, - "end": 664 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.8416807651519775, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6716587543487549, - "start": 803, - "end": 804 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9189343452453613, - "start": 765, - "end": 769 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Arrival figures for Greece", - "confidence": 0.795741617679596, - "start": 916, - "end": 920 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5994295477867126, - "start": 926, - "end": 927 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.6211561560630798, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC figures", - "confidence": 0.5098745822906494, - "start": 1090, - "end": 1092 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5607115626335144, - "start": 1153, - "end": 1154 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9430030584335327, - "start": 1132, - "end": 1133 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8336288332939148, - "start": 1099, - "end": 1102 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum application data", - "confidence": 0.6732369661331177, - "start": 1134, - "end": 1137 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6355575919151306, - "start": 1153, - "end": 1154 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9351503252983093, - "start": 1132, - "end": 1133 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9580601453781128, - "start": 1226, - "end": 1229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FMS", - "confidence": 0.9582711458206177, - "start": 1230, - "end": 1231 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9603002667427063, - "start": 1236, - "end": 1237 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mediterranean region", - "confidence": 0.8536219596862793, - "start": 1248, - "end": 1250 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6290106177330017, - "start": 1336, - "end": 1337 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6541815400123596, - "start": 1254, - "end": 1255 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on asylum applications and decisions", - "confidence": 0.6418633460998535, - "start": 1311, - "end": 1317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5426653623580933, - "start": 1261, - "end": 1262 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5274619460105896, - "start": 1336, - "end": 1337 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5364975929260254, - "start": 1336, - "end": 1337 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum applicants", - "confidence": 0.5757537484169006, - "start": 1344, - "end": 1346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "lessons learned report", - "confidence": 0.8105427622795105, - "start": 1401, - "end": 1404 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8647527694702148, - "start": 1359, - "end": 1360 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights", - "confidence": 0.6472160816192627, - "start": 1393, - "end": 1399 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied children", - "confidence": 0.8045927882194519, - "start": 1406, - "end": 1408 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ceaa457c-ec56-3a46-ad49-3924cc15dd2f/77274.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_211/raw/doc_211_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_211/raw/doc_211_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e5a07ea6929fe0f12112b16f73d1dd02cee68181..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_211/raw/doc_211_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2,890** demandeuurs d\u2019asile\n\ndont 1,753 au Nord et 1,102\ndans les trois r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**100,616** d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\n\ndans les trois r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**61** Personnes \u00e0 besoins\n\nsp\u00e9cifiques soutenues en\nCASH dans les 2 r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**50** Personnes form\u00e9s\n\nsur le VBG\n\n\n**416** Personnes\n\nsensibilis\u00e9es sur la COVID-19\n\n\n\nLe mois de mai 2020 a \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus violent en mati\u00e8re de violations de\ndroits humains apr\u00e8s celui de mars 2020, eu \u00e9gard aux types d\u2019incidents de protection et s\u00e9curitaires enregistr\u00e9s. Au nombre de quinze\n(15), ces incidents se sont traduits entre autres par des IED, des\nenl\u00e8vements individuels et collectifs cibl\u00e9s de civils (majoritairement\ndes leaders communautaires) qui finissent par \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s, des cas\nde viols collectifs, des meurtres/assassinats, des vols de b\u00e9tail de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des affrontements violents entre membres de\nGANI et FDS appuy\u00e9es par des Volontaires pour la D\u00e9fense de la\nPatrie (VDP). Les localit\u00e9s les plus touch\u00e9es par ces incidents sont\nBanh, Soll\u00e9, Titao, Ouahigouya, Thiou et Tangaye.\nL\u2019incident le plus marquant et particulier porte sur le viol de deux (2)\nfemmes PDI de Titao dont une \u00e9l\u00e8ve mineure, par des membres de\nGroupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s (GANI), alors qu\u2019elles s\u2019\u00e9taient organis\u00e9es en groupe pour repartir dans leur village chercher des vivres.\nA Ouindigui dans le Loroum on assiste \u00e0 une diminution relative des\nmouvements massifs et des actes des membres de Groupes Arm\u00e9s\nNon Identifi\u00e9s (GANI) am\u00e9liorant ainsi l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire. Du cot\u00e9 de\nThiou, malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(FDS), les populations vivent dans la psychose due aux multiples\nenl\u00e8vements et attaques sur les axes routiers. Cette peur est li\u00e9e aux\nmultiples enl\u00e8vements et ex\u00e9cutions sommaires de leaders communautaires par des membres de GANI depuis le 10 Mai. Cette situation\nconstitue un obstacle \u00e0 la participation des communaut\u00e9s dans les\nactions humanitaires. En effet, au-del\u00e0 des risques li\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement dans cette localit\u00e9 (possibilit\u00e9 de repr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 tout moment), les\npopulations \u00e9mettent des r\u00e9serves par rapport aux questions li\u00e9es au\nmonitoring de protection (voir encadr\u00e9 ci-dessous).\nAvec l\u2019installation tr\u00e8s prochaine de la saison des pluies, les PDIs des\nlocalit\u00e9s comme Ouahigouya, Thiou, S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga et Titao, restent\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des attaques des Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s (GANI), les populations affect\u00e9es se sont\norganis\u00e9es pour s'auto-d\u00e9fendre. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 accentu\u00e9 par l\u2019annonce du Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique du Faso\nportant sur le recrutement de volontaires pour la d\u00e9fense de la patrie le 07 novembre 2019 suivie de l\u2019adoption\nde la loi instituant les volontaires de la d\u00e9fense de la patrie le 21 janvier 2020. Dans certaines localit\u00e9s l\u2019application de cette loi ne laisse pas le choix aux bras valides qui ne souhaitent pas s\u2019engager, cela serait d\u00fb, d\u2019une\npart, au fait que dans ces localit\u00e9s il y a peu de bras valides volontaires par rapport au nombre souhait\u00e9/n\u00e9cessaire pour les groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense et d\u2019autre part, a la r\u00e9currence des attaques dans ces localit\u00e9s qui a\ncaus\u00e9 la perte de beaucoup de bras valides d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9s. C\u2019est le cas dans la commune de Banh qui connait\nun contexte particulier (voir alerte urgente sur Banh du 24 avril 2020).\nCette situation impacte directement le monitoring de protection car n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas les membres des r\u00e9seaux _-_\ncommunautaires qui garantissent la participation communautaire dans les activit\u00e9s de protection. Aujourd\u2019hui,\nles membres du r\u00e9seau communautaire du Banh avec lequel nous travaillons se sont engag\u00e9s dans les VDP \u00e0\nl\u2019exception des femmes. L'incident du 14 mai 2020 portant sur un affrontement arm\u00e9 entre GANI et FDS\nappuy\u00e9es par des Volontaires pour le D\u00e9fense de la Patrie a co\u00fbt\u00e9 la vie \u00e0 un point focal communautaire. Aussi,\nle 18 mai au cours d\u2019un affrontement entre GANI et FDS appuy\u00e9es par les VDP, un membre du r\u00e9seau communautaire de Banh a \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9 par balle.\nNotons aussi qu\u2019un relai communautaire d\u2019une autre ONG a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 au cours du mois de mai puis ex\u00e9cut\u00e9\ndans la commune de Thiou. Le point focal mis en place dans cette commune dans le cadre du monitoring de\nprotection a quitt\u00e9 la commune de Thiou suite \u00e0 cet incident apr\u00e8s \u00e9change avec les \u00e9quipes de protection.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_-_\n\n\n\n_Figure 1: Engagement des communaut\u00e9s y compris les PF et CP dans les groupes d'auto-d\u00e9fenses et ses cons\u00e9quences_\n\n**\u25a0 R\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun**\nContrairement au mois d\u2019avril 2020 o\u00f9 le contexte a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par des incidents ayant cibl\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement des militaires, au cours du mois de mai 2020, les incidents ont cibl\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois des civils et des militaires.\nAu nombre de cinq (5), ces incidents se sont traduits par des enl\u00e8vements, des corps sans vie retrouv\u00e9s,\ndes attaques de postes de police et de gendarmerie. Les localit\u00e9s les plus touch\u00e9es par ces incidents sont\nBourasso, To\u00e9ni, Bouni, Madouba et Gomboro.\nLes cons\u00e9quences qui en d\u00e9coulent restent consid\u00e9rables sur les populations civiles comme les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations \u00e0 la qu\u00eate d\u2019un lieu plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9, la pratique de sexe de survie per\u00e7ue par des\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u25a0 R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est**\n\nla r\u00e9gion.\nLe second incident le plus marquant a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019attaque du march\u00e9 a b\u00e9tail de Kompiembiga le 30 mai 2020 par\ndes hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s qui ont tir\u00e9 \u00e0 bout portant sur les marchands qui s\u2019y trouvaient, tuant 25\npersonnes, toutes des civils (bilan provisoire).\nLa r\u00e9gion est \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9e par un conflit autour de la Chefferie coutumi\u00e8re. A la date du 31 mai 2020,\nla r\u00e9gion connait 2 Chefs coutumiers dont un a \u00e9t\u00e9 intronis\u00e9 le vendredi 15 mai et un autre le lundi 18 mai\n2020. La population autochtone semble divis\u00e9e entre les deux Chefs coutumiers. Ce conflit, associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la\npr\u00e9carit\u00e9 du contexte s\u00e9curitaire de la r\u00e9gion et les tensions intercommunautaires, r\u00e9duit les capacit\u00e9s de\nr\u00e9silience des populations. En effet, lorsque des m\u00e9canismes communautaires comme la chefferie traditionnelle qui sont reconnus comme de v\u00e9ritables sources de coh\u00e9sion sociale, de stabilit\u00e9, de facteurs de r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s face aux chocs etc. engendrent des conflits entre et au sein des communaut\u00e9s,\ncelles-ci deviennent encore plus vuln\u00e9rables aux chocs comme la crise que traverse la r\u00e9gion.\nLa r\u00e9gion n\u2019a pas enregistr\u00e9 de cas de COVID-19 \u00e0 la date du 25 mai 2020, les populations semblent \u00eatre\nalert\u00e9es par la capacit\u00e9 de contagion du virus et sensibilis\u00e9es sur les mesures barri\u00e8res, qui selon les observations des moniteurs de la zone sont plus ou moins appliqu\u00e9es. La r\u00e9gion n\u2019est pas en quarantaine mais\n\n## **_3_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vouss\u00e9, Tougouzagu\u00e9, Saye, ferme, route de Youba, Youba, Gourga et les diff\u00e9rents secteurs de la villes),\n\u00e0 Thiou, S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga, Tangaye, Barga, Titao (quartiers Watinoma, AK, Karpallin, route de Tansilga), Banh et\nOuindigui. En ce qui concerne les communes comme Banh et Soll\u00e9, nous avons d\u00fb recourir au monitoring \u00e0\ndistance \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire pr\u00e9caire qui y pr\u00e9vaut. Les localit\u00e9s de Thiou, Kain, Banh, Soll\u00e9 et\nBarga sont les zones \u00e0 risques .\n\n\nPour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, dans la Boucle du Mouhoun, les activit\u00e9s de monitoring ont concern\u00e9 les communes\nde Di, Lanfi\u00e8ra, Kassoum, Kiembara, Tougan, Lankou\u00e9, Bourasso, Madouba, Bomborokuy, Djibasso et\nNouna. Dans les localit\u00e9s de To\u00e9ni et Gomboro nous avons proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au monitoring \u00e0 distance compte tenu\ndu contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui y pr\u00e9vaut. Les zones \u00e0 risque sont : To\u00e9ni, Gomboro, Barani, Sono et Kombori qui\nsont tous situ\u00e9es dans la zone frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali.\nDans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est, les structures communautaires de protection ne sont pas en encore mises en place,\nles \u00e9quipes de protection \u00e9tant originaires de la r\u00e9gion ont fait recours \u00e0 des personnes ressources locales\npour le monitoring au cours du mois de mai 2020. Le monitoring a concern\u00e9 les communes de Fada, Diabo,\nYamba, Diapangou, Matiacoali, Tibga. Les communes de Fada et de Matiacoali sont les zones \u00e0 risques\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les villages comme Tanwalbougou, Koar\u00e9, Natiaboani, Touldeni.\n\n###### **Caract\u00e9ristiques des mouvements de population**\n\nAu cours de ce mois, on a observ\u00e9 une stabilisation relative des mouvements de populations dans les trois\nr\u00e9gions par rapport aux mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. Cependant, dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord suite aux affrontements entre\nGANI et FDS le 18 Mai 2020, 300 personnes de L\u00e9br\u00e9 (commune de Banh) se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers\nMangdougou (commune de Banh) et Ouahigouya. En outre, dans la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion, sur les 2 000 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de\nP\u00e9tissiro \u00e0 Thiou en avril 2020 (voir rapport avril), pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 est d\u00e9j\u00e0 retourn\u00e9e. Le nombre des PDIs\ndans la r\u00e9gion est estim\u00e9 ce mois \u00e0 69 031. Quant aux demandeurs d\u2019asile, aucune arriv\u00e9e n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e.\nLeur nombre reste inchang\u00e9 \u00e0 2 855 pour les r\u00e9gions de la Boucle du Mouhoun et du Nord comme au mois\nd\u2019avril.\nDans la Boucle du Mouhoun, le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 13 256 au mois de\nmai 2020. Pour la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est, le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 18 329 et le\nnombre de demandeurs d\u2019asile est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 35 personnes, la majeure partie venant du Niger.\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les raisons de ces d\u00e9placements restent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines localit\u00e9s. Cependant\nau Nord, nous observons des mouvements motiv\u00e9s par l\u2019approvisionnement en vivres et le transport de\nbiens mat\u00e9riels.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Commentaires/analyses :\nL\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la vie a \u00e9t\u00e9 le type de violation qui a fait le plus grand nombre de victimes, au total 87\ncivils ont perdu la vie au cours du mois de mai 2020. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soit enlev\u00e9es puis ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es, soit tu\u00e9es\n\u00e0 bout portant par des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. Le deuxi\u00e8me type d\u2019incident qui a caus\u00e9 le plus de\nvictimes est l\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit de vols de b\u00e9tail et de biens suite \u00e0 une explosion d\u2019IED.\nLe troisi\u00e8me type d\u2019incident not\u00e9 est li\u00e9 aux VBG avec deux cas de viols collectifs.\n\n###### **PROBLEMES SPECIFIQUES DE CERTAINS GROUPES A RISQUE**\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s peules continuent de subir des traitements qui tendent \u00e0 les stigmatiser particuli\u00e8rement\ndans les r\u00e9gions du Nord et de l\u2019Est. Dans les centres urbains comme Ouahigouya, Titao et Fada, certains\npropri\u00e9taires de maisons refusent cat\u00e9goriquement de louer leurs maisons aux membres de cette communaut\u00e9. Pire, d\u2019autres PDIs disent pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer se d\u00e9placer si toutefois ils venaient \u00e0 avoir des peulhs comme\nvoisins particuli\u00e8rement dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord.\nMalgr\u00e9 l\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 l\u00e9gendaire dont fait montre la population h\u00f4te sur les sites d\u2019accueil, l\u2019appellation de\nPDIs dans la langue locale Moor\u00e9 semble quelque peu p\u00e9jorative : \u00ab Zo\u00e8tban \u00bb en Moor\u00e9, pour dire ceux\nqui ont fui ou les fuyards tout simplement. Il para\u00eet donc judicieux de sensibiliser les populations h\u00f4tes pour\ntrouver et promouvoir une appellation ou expression qui cadre avec le statut de PDI et qui favorise la coh\u00e9sion, le respect et la consid\u00e9ration de ces derni\u00e8res.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection. Cependant, au regard du silence et de la discr\u00e9tion qui les accompagnent, il n\u2019est pas toujours ais\u00e9\nde les identifier et rapporter.\nDans la r\u00e9gion du Nord nous avons enregistr\u00e9 des cas de viols collectifs sur des femmes dont des mineures.\nEn plus de ce type de VBG, les femmes lors des Focus Groupes de Discussion ( FGD) ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les mariages d\u2019enfant, les mariages forc\u00e9s, les agressions physiques et \u00e9motionnelles dans les foyers comme des VBG\ndont elles souffrent actuellement. Pour celles qui ont eu un niveau d\u2019instruction, c\u2019est le manque d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et d\u2019emploi pour s\u2019\u00e9panouir qui les atteint.\nDans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, pendant les \u00e9changes lors de la formation organis\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de\nprotection INTERSOS sur les notions \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires sur les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des membres comites de protection et les Points Focaux au cours du mois de mai 2020, on rel\u00e8ve que les formes de\nVBG les plus r\u00e9currentes sont :le mariage forc\u00e9, le l\u00e9virat, le mariage par kidnapping ou enl\u00e8vement des filles,\nles agressions \u00e9motionnelles et psychologiques. Toutes ces violences tirent leur origine des pesanteurs\nsocio-culturelles des localit\u00e9s et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante, selon les participants \u00e0 la formation.\nLes m\u00e9canismes communautaires qui facilitent d\u2019aborder les questions de VBG ne sont pas encore mis en\nplace dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est. Des premiers \u00e9changes avec les agents de l\u2019action sociale et lors des \u00e9changes\n\n##### **IV. PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\n\n\nLa situation des enfants dans les zones couvertes par le Monitoring de protection n\u2019a pas connu de changement. Les probl\u00e8mes sont entre autres le stress psychosocial, la d\u00e9scolarisation, le travail des enfants pour\ncontribuer \u00e0 supporter les charges de la famille, les agressions sexuelles ( Pour ce mois deux cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nidentifi\u00e9s et ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de soutien psychologique, d\u2019appui financier pour couvrir les soins de sant\u00e9 de la\npart de INTERSOS en partenariat avec le HCR) dans le cadre de leurs activit\u00e9s notamment pour les filles qui\nfont l\u2019aide-m\u00e9nag\u00e8re de porte en porte et la pratique du sexe de survie. On note \u00e9galement le risque de blessures physiques li\u00e9es au IED et aux REG. Pour ce mois deux cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de soutien\npsychologique, d\u2019appui financier pour couvrir les soins de sant\u00e9 de la part de INTERSOS en partenariat avec\nle HCR.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\nPERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)\nLes veuves cheffes de m\u00e9nages, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es sans soutien, les personnes vivantes avec un\nhandicap et les jeunes filles s\u00e9par\u00e9es sont autant de groupes rencontrant des probl\u00e8mes de protection\nsp\u00e9cifiques. Les veuves cheffes de m\u00e9nages sont ainsi appel\u00e9es \u00e0 assurer les besoins de leurs enfants\nalors que les ressources et les possibilit\u00e9s manquent.\nLes personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et celles vivant avec un handicap n\u2019ont pas toujours acc\u00e8s aux diff\u00e9rentes distributions de vivres. En effet, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance rel\u00e8ve maintenant d\u2019un parcours du combattant n\u00e9cessitant\nplusieurs d\u00e9placements. Pourtant, la mobilit\u00e9 de ces couches sociales n\u2019est jamais une garantie. Fort de\nce constat, INTERSOS a fait de ces groupes sociaux sp\u00e9cifiques sa priorit\u00e9 dans son assistance en cash.\nCe mois encore, 18 sur les 30 Personnes \u00e0 Besoins Sp\u00e9cifiques (PBS) assist\u00e9es en cash sont issues de\nces groupes.\n\n\n_T\u00e9moignage d\u2019un PBS_\n\n\n\nJe suis habitant de Banh et cultivateur de profession. J'ai, comme _-_\nles autres, mon champ dans un hameau de culture \u00e0 quelques\nencablures de Banh. Mais les menaces, les enl\u00e8vements et les\nintimidations de tout genre nous ont contraints \u00e0 quitter la zone laissant derri\u00e8re nous tous nos greniers pleins de nos r\u00e9coltes. Mon\npetit fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 laissant avec moi ses femmes et ses\nenfants. Aujourd'hui, j'ai plus de vingt personnes \u00e0 charge. Mais,\nj\u2019arrivais \u00e0 subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins avec ce qu'on avait dans les\ngreniers. Malheureusement, les \u00ab forces du mal \u00bb (expression\nutilis\u00e9e par les communaut\u00e9s pour parler des groupes arm\u00e9s radicaux) les ont r\u00e9duites en cendres depuis Avril 2020.\n\n_-_\n\nC'est d\u00e8s lors qu'INTERSOS m\u2019a contact\u00e9 pour comprendre davantage avant de faire une alerte. Le mois suivant, \u00e0 savoir mai 2020,\nj\u2019ai b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de cette ONG d\u2019un soutien en esp\u00e8ce d\u2019un montant de\ntrente mille (30 000) francs CFA. Cette somme m\u2019a permis d'acheter un sac de 100kgs de mil et de disposer encore de quelques\nbillets pour les soins de sant\u00e9 des enfants. Nous saluons \u00e0 sa juste\nvaleur ce geste qui nous a soulag\u00e9 et invitons les acteurs \u00e0 se\ntourner vers Banh. Bon vent \u00e0 INTERSOS et son partenaire HCR et\nque ses capacit\u00e9s d\u2019assistance soient renforc\u00e9es !\n\n\n\n\n_-_\n\n\n\n\n_-_\n\n\n##### **V. LOGEMENT, TERRE ET BIENS**\n###### **SITUATION DE LTB DANS LA ZONE DE DEPLACEMENT ET DE RETOUR**\n\n**R\u00e9gion du Nord :**\nLa question des logements, terres et biens devient de plus en plus complexe avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e tr\u00e8s prochaine\nde la saison hivernale. Au niveau des logements, on assiste depuis le mois de mars \u00e0 une inflation des\nloyers. Dans les communes rurales comme Thiou, S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga et dans une moindre mesure la commune\nurbaine de Titao, certaines PDIs re\u00e7oivent des injonctions des propri\u00e9taires de lib\u00e9rer leurs maisons.\nComme pour ne pas envisager leur retour maintenant, d\u2019autres PDIs s\u2019arrangent pour acqu\u00e9rir avec tous\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun :**\nLa situation de LTB est un probl\u00e8me crucial que rencontrent les PDI dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. Les PDI\nen location estiment le prix de la location cher. Les \u00e9changes lors des FGD r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que le prix moyen varie\nentre 5000 et 9000 FCFA. Pour les surfaces cultivables, dans la localit\u00e9 de DI par exemple, \u00bd hectare en\np\u00e9riode hivernale co\u00fbte 25 000 FCFA et en p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che la m\u00eame superficie co\u00fbte 30 000 FCFA. Les\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile dans la localit\u00e9 de Bouna estim\u00e9s \u00e0 70 personnes n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre ni pour la\nlocation ni pour les pr\u00eats environ pour raisons de stigmatisation, ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s seraient principalement des\nPeulhs.\n**R\u00e9gion de la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est :**\nLa question des logements demeure une grande pr\u00e9occupation des PDIs, vu l\u2019approche de l\u2019hivernage, les\nmaisons qui les habitent ne tiendront pas, mais d\u2019autres aussi qui sont log\u00e9s en payant le loyer disent ne pas\navoir les moyens qu\u2019il faut pour assurer le loyer qui varie de 4 000 F \u00e0 10 000 F selon la taille et la qualit\u00e9 de\nla maison. Leurs terres cultivables et les biens qu\u2019ils avaient sont rest\u00e9s dans les lieux de provenance ; si ce\nn\u2019est attendre une probable am\u00e9lioration de la situation pour un retour, les terres cultivables dans les milieux\nurbains ne peuvent pas \u00eatre acquis facilement.\n\n\n\nT\u00e9moignage d\u2019un chef de m\u00e9nage PDI de Ouahigouya pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le\n\n_-_\n\nmanque de terres cultivables\nJ\u2019ai 40 ans et je suis originaire de Tongomayel dans le Soum, r\u00e9gion du\nSahel. Nous sommes arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Ouahigouya en juin 2019 suite \u00e0 l'attaque de\nnotre village Hallal\u00e9. Nous n'avons pu rien emmener. Arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Ouahigouya\nnous avons fait trois (3) mois avant de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une assistance humanitaire. Cependant, nous sommes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me d'acc\u00e8s aux\nterres cultivables. Ici, nous ne disposons pas de champs et \u00e0 la campagne\nagricole \u00e9coul\u00e9e, nous n\u2019avons rien produit. Pourtant, nous avons toujours\nv\u00e9cu de l\u2019agriculture et de l\u2019\u00e9levage. Autrement, ce qu'on produisait nous\nsuffisait largement pour notre consommation. En p\u00e9riode de soudure, on\n\n_-_\n\nvendait m\u00eame les vivres ou le b\u00e9tail pour r\u00e9soudre nos probl\u00e8mes financiers. L'assistance en vivres de l'action sociale nous permet de survivre et\nnous ne savons pas si cette assistance va continuer au regard du nombre\ngrandissant des PDIs. De ce fait il est imp\u00e9ratif pour nous de cultiver. Mais,\no\u00f9 cultiver ? Le fait de n'avoir pas de famille proche ni connaissance ne facilite pas les choses. En effet, pour qu'on te pr\u00eate la terre, il faut qu\u2019on te connaisse. Si je ne trouve pas de solution \u00e0 Ouahigouya, je serai oblig\u00e9 d'abandonner mes deux femmes et mes 18 enfants \u00e0 Ouahigouya pour aller \u00e0 la\nrecherche de terre cultivable dans la commune de Zogor\u00e9 ou \u00e0 Tougan /Dio,\nil nous serait extr\u00eamement difficile de vivre sans production agricole.\n\n\n\n\n_-_\n\n\n\n\n_-_\n\n\n\n**ETAT DE DROIT**\nFace au sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et apr\u00e8s des menaces r\u00e9elles re\u00e7ues de la part des GANI, la plupart des\nautorit\u00e9s administratives se sont repli\u00e9es dans les chefs-lieux de provinces (Ouahigouya et Thiou) o\u00f9 elles\ncontinuent \u00e0 offrir les services \u00e0 leurs administr\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ou rest\u00e9s. C\u2019est le cas des pr\u00e9fets et maires de\nKain, Thiou, Koumbri, Barga, Tangaye, Banh, Soll\u00e9 et Ouindigui, qui sont d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 Ouahigouya.\nDans certaines communes de la province de la Kossi(R\u00e9gion de la BM), on d\u00e9plore malheureusement l\u2019absence des FDS : il s\u2019agit des communes de Bourasso, Bomborokuy, Kombori et Sono. Dans la commune\nde Kombori, une \u00e9cole abrite les PDI qui y ont trouv\u00e9 refuge suite aux incidents s\u00e9curitaires. La crise s\u00e9curi\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VI. PROTECTION A BASE COMMUNAUTAIRE**\n\n**COMITES DE PROTECTION**\n**Dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord, pour ce mois, seul le comit\u00e9 de protection de Titao a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une forma-**\n**tion. Face \u00e0 quelques difficult\u00e9s de fonctionnement que rencontrait ce comit\u00e9, il \u00e9tait indiqu\u00e9 de le**\n**recycler afin de le rendre plus op\u00e9rationnel. Dans la Boucle du Mouhoun, les 10 points focaux (PF)**\n**et les 40 membres des comit\u00e9s de protection (CP) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur les violences bas\u00e9es sur le**\n**genre (VBG). Dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est, le mois de mai a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par la formation des \u00e9quipes sur la**\n**protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la protection de l\u2019enfance, le monitoring de protection, les principes et approch-**\n**es de l\u2019Appui aux PBS et les outils de monitoring de protection. La formation a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e par le**\n**Chef de projet Protection Monitoring. La finalisation du processus de mise en place des PF et CP et**\n**leur formation dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est seront effectives au mois de juin 2020.**\n\n\n**SENSIBILISATIONS SUR LE COVID-19 :**\n69 s\u00e9ances de sensibilisations sur les mesures barri\u00e8res du COVID-19 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tenues soit 42 s\u00e9ances dans\nla Boucle du Mouhoun et 27 s\u00e9ances dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. Chaque s\u00e9ance de sensibilisation a regroup\u00e9\n6 personnes, toutes pr\u00e9vues dans la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019adaptation des activit\u00e9s de protection du COVID-19. Au total\n416 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es sur la pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 dont 254 dans la Boucle du Mouhoun\net 162 dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. Les sensibilisations sont faites \u00e0 l\u2019aide de d\u00e9pliants avec des images sur les\npratiques \u00e0 faire et \u00e0 ne pas faire. Il faut noter que les personnes sensibilis\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 outill\u00e9es \u00e0 pouvoir\nmener \u00e0 leur tour d\u2019autres sensibilisations tout en respectant les consignes de 6 personnes par s\u00e9ance de\nsensibilisation.\n\n\n**LEADERS COMMUNAUTAIRES/AUTORITES LOCALES/SOCIETE CIVILE**\nPas d\u2019activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques tenues avec les leaders.\n\n##### **VII. SYSTEME DE PARTAGE D\u2019INFORMATION ET COORDINATION**\n\nINTERSOS participe \u00e0 toutes les rencontres de coordination au niveau des diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions sur le terrain\net au niveau de Ouagadougou.\n\n## 9 Mai 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VIII. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI**\n###### **ACTIONS REQUISES DU HCR**\n\n|DOMAINES ACTIONS OBSERVATIONS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|ABRI|S
\u2022
Appui \u00e0 la locaton, en mat\u00e9riaux de constructon et installaton de RHU sur
certains sites d\u2019accueil.||\n|LBT|
\u2022
Faire un plaidoyer pour l\u2019octroi temporaire d\u2019espaces d\u2019am\u00e9nagements agricoles
aux PDIs et Demandeurs d\u2019asile ;
\u2022
Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour la s\u00e9curisaton de terrains non lots achet\u00e9s
par les PDIs pour s\u2019y installer||\n|VIVRE
|S
\u2022
Mobilisaton des acteurs du secteur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritonnelle pour un
appui d\u2019urgence en vivres||\n\n\n###### **PROTECTION TRANSVERSALE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1. Faire un plaidoyer pour le
d\u00e9minage des localit\u00e9s
R\u00e9gion du Nord :
SECURITE, MINES, concern\u00e9es
Banh, Soll\u00e9, Ouindigui et Sentmi ent d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
ALPC, REG 2. Intensifier les patrouilles dans
Kain
les localit\u00e9s de Banh, Soll\u00e9,
Ouindigui, Kain et Thiou|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|EDUCATION|R\u00e9gion du Nord : Titao,
Ouahigouya, Tangaye,
Barga, Thiou, Kain,
Koumbri, Banh, Soll\u00e9 et
Ouindigui
B. du Mouhoun : D\u00ee,
Bourasso, Gomboro,
Lan\ufb01\u00e8ra, To\u00e9ni, Lankou\u00e9
R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est|Fermetures des \u00e9coles,
D\u00e9scolarisaton des enfants,
Grossesse pr\u00e9coce et non
d\u00e9sir\u00e9e, D\u00e9part des
enseignants de ces localit\u00e9s,
Faible capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil des
\u00e9tablissements des zones
d\u2019accueil, Manque de
moyens \ufb01nanciers pour
payer les frais de scolarit\u00e9|1.
Plaidoyer
au
niveau
des
Directons
r\u00e9gionales
et
provinciales en charge de
l\u2019\u00e9ducaton pour un acc\u00e8s
\u00e9quitable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole
2.
Soutenir en cash et kits dignit\u00e9
les jeunes \ufb01lles m\u00e8res et/ou
enceintes (\u00e9l\u00e8ves)
3.
Sensibilisaton des \ufb01lles et des
gar\u00e7ons
sur
l\u2019\u00e9ducaton
sexuelle
4.
Cr\u00e9er des \u00e9coles temporaires
en situaton d'urgence, des
EAE
ou
des
centres
\u00e0
passerelle
|\n|SANTE|B. du Mouhoun :
Kiembara,
Nouna,Gomboro,
Kassoum, To\u00e9ni
R\u00e9gion du Nord :
Ouahigouya, Titao, Banh,
Soll\u00e9, Ouindigui, Koumbri
et Kain
R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est|Menace COVID-19 ;
Insu\ufb03sance voire absence
de soins de sant\u00e9 due au
d\u00e9part des agents de sant\u00e9
de certaines localit\u00e9s.|1.
Sensibilisaton des
communaut\u00e9s sur la
contaminaton, la pr\u00e9venton
et l'applicaton des gestes
barri\u00e8re
2.
Dotaton des familles en kits
d'hygi\u00e8ne et sanitaires
3.
Plaidoyer pour la r\u00e9ouverture
des Centres de Sant\u00e9 et de
Promoton Sociale (CSPS)
ferm\u00e9s
4.
Plaidoyer pour la prise en
main des acquis de MSF sur le
site de Youba pour une
p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 des actons
|\n|ACCES A L\u2019EAU
POTABLE ET
INFRASTRUCTURE
D\u2019ASSAINISSEMENT|Ouahigouya
Tougzagu\u00e9
Tamsin
Saye
Lilgomd\u00e9
Bomborokuy
Province de Fada Ngourma|Les deux r\u00e9gions font face \u00e0
une insu\ufb03sance des
ressources en eau potable.
De ce fait, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau est
tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 sur les sites
d\u2019accueil, idem pour les
toiletes. Les PDIs d\u00e9f\u00e8quent
\u00e0 l\u2019air libre, cela pour les
femmes et les hommes.|1.
Augmenter les sources
d\u2019approvisionnement en eau
(forages modernes, puits \u00e0
grands diam\u00e8tres)
2.
Impliquer les populatons
dans la r\u00e9alisaton
d\u2019infrastructures Wash
(latrines, lave-mains etc.)
3.
Tenir compte des groupes
sexo-sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques dans la
r\u00e9alisaton desdites
infrastructures (toiletes pour
personnes handicap\u00e9es,
points d\u2019eau pour personnes
\u00e2g\u00e9es etc.)|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|CLUSTER LOCALITES PROBLEMES RECOMMANDATIONS|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|ABRI ET VIVRES|R\u00e9gion du Nord :
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 Soll\u00e9, Ouahigouya
\u2022 Tibou
\u2022 _Route de Youba_
\u2022 Thiou
\u2022 S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga

B. du Mouhoun :
\u2022 To\u00e9ni
\u2022 Sono
\u2022 Kombori
\u2022 Barani
\u2022 Gomboro
R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est (toutes les
communes Fada NGourma)|Certaines personnes sont
install\u00e9es \u00e0 m\u00eame le sol, soit
sous des hangars ou sous les
quelques arbustes du site.
Les RHU et les tentes de
transit mis en place sont en
nombre d\u00e9risoire par
rapport \u00e0 la taille des PDI et
ne r\u00e9pondent pas au
standing de logement de la
communaut\u00e9 peulh. Le
nombre de repas est 1 plat
par jour pour les m\u00e9nages.|1. Prendre en compte les
principes de la protecton
transversale dans la
pr\u00e9paraton et la fourniture
de l\u2019assistance dans les
secteurs de l\u2019Abri, de
l\u2019Assistance Alimentaire, la
Sant\u00e9 etc. ;
2. Octroyer des appuis pour la
locaton et/ou de mat\u00e9riaux
de constructon ;
3. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me
d\u2019ident\ufb01caton et de prise en
charge des personnes ayant
des besoins sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques ;
4. R\u00e9f\u00e9rer les PBS sans abri \u00e0 Plan
Burkina, \u00e0 l\u2019OIM ou Help
|\n|COEXISTENCE
PACIFIQUE|R\u00e9gion du Nord
\u2022 Reka (Oula)
\u2022 Ouahigouya
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 _Route de Youba_


R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est
|Entre les nouvelles PDI
Peulh, les anciennes PDI et la
populaton h\u00f4te se dessinent
des accusatons et de la
m\u00e9\ufb01ance.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de dialogues
communautaires sur la
coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les
PDIs (anciennes et nouvelles)
et les populatons h\u00f4tes
2. Ident\ufb01er et redynamiser au
sein des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes
et PDIs les m\u00e9canismes
communautaires de
promoton du vivre ensemble
et de la coh\u00e9sion sociale
3. Consid\u00e9rer les populatons
h\u00f4tes et les anciennes PDIs
dans la plani\ufb01caton et la
fourniture de l\u2019aide
humanitaire
|\n|VBG ET PROTECTION
DE L\u2019ENFANCE
|
\u2022 Tamsin,
\u2022 AK,
\u2022 Kapalin,
\u2022 Saye,
\u2022 Tougzagu\u00e9,
\u2022 Ouahigouya_Route de_
_Youba_
\u2022 Fada N\u2019gourma|La promiscuit\u00e9 des abris, la
non s\u00e9paraton nete des
femmes et des hommes
dans l'utlisaton des
toiletes et des latrines l\u00e0 o\u00f9
elles existent exposent les
femmes. La non occupaton
des enfants et la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9
actuelle des familles
exposent les enfants \u00e0 tout
type d\u2019abus et
d\u2019exploitaton.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de sensibilisaton
sur les VBG (Actons
pr\u00e9ventves des violences
sexuelles)
2. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me de
geston de cas des VBG
3. Renforcer le syst\u00e8me
d\u2019orientaton et de
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas de VBG
entre les acteurs de la r\u00e9gion,
partculi\u00e8rement sur les sites
d\u2019accueil
4. Former les acteurs sur la
th\u00e9matque VBG pour une
meilleure interventon adapt\u00e9e
au contexte|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ANNEXE: Liste des incidents|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|N
Localit\u00e9s
Descripton de l\u2019incident
Personnes a\ufb00ect\u00e9es par l\u2019incident
Actons entreprises et/ou
pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es|N
Localit\u00e9s
Descripton de l\u2019incident
Personnes a\ufb00ect\u00e9es par l\u2019incident
Actons entreprises et/ou
pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es|N
Localit\u00e9s
Descripton de l\u2019incident
Personnes a\ufb00ect\u00e9es par l\u2019incident
Actons entreprises et/ou
pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es|N
Localit\u00e9s
Descripton de l\u2019incident
Personnes a\ufb00ect\u00e9es par l\u2019incident
Actons entreprises et/ou
pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es|N
Localit\u00e9s
Descripton de l\u2019incident
Personnes a\ufb00ect\u00e9es par l\u2019incident
Actons entreprises et/ou
pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es|\n|R\u00e9gion du Nord
|R\u00e9gion du Nord
|R\u00e9gion du Nord
|R\u00e9gion du Nord
|R\u00e9gion du Nord
|\n|1.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Yatenga/Tanga
ye|Enl\u00e8vement
d\u2019un
paysan
de
Boudoukamba le 25 avril vers 13h00
par des HANI.|La victme reste introuvable \u00e0 ce
jour.
La
multplicaton
des
enl\u00e8vements cr\u00e9e une psychose
dans la r\u00e9gion.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens
|\n|2.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Titao/
Pelaboukou|Explosion d\u2019une IED sur l\u2019axe Titao-
Solle ayant cout\u00e9 la vie \u00e0 4 femmes
PDIs dont une enceinte le 28 avril
2020 (incident non pris en compte le
mois d\u2019avril). Les femmes \u00e9taient \u00e0
bord d\u2019une charrete qui a \u00e9t\u00e9
\u00e9galement d\u00e9truite.|4 femmes tu\u00e9es. Restricton de
mouvement des populatons sur les
axes. Sentment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens
\u2022 Souten psychologique des
familles endeuill\u00e9es|\n|3.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Yatenga/Ouahi
gouya|Enl\u00e8vement de 2 hommes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0
Ouahigouya (secteur 9) le 27 avril par
des HANI venus sur deux motos.|Les deux victmes restent encore
introuvables. Les membres estment
qu\u2019elles seraient ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es. La
multplicaton des enl\u00e8vements cr\u00e9e
une psychose dans la r\u00e9gion.|\u2022 Rapport \ufb02ash
\u2022 Souten psychologique aux
membres de leurs familles|\n|4.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Yatenga/Ouahi
gouya|3 jeunes PDIs peulhs du site \u00ab route de
Youba \u00bb ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en \ufb02agrant d\u00e9lit
de vol de b\u00e9liers appartenant \u00e0 leurs
voisins burkinab\u00e8 retourn\u00e9s sur le
m\u00eame site. Cet incident a exacerb\u00e9 les
tensions qui existent entre ces deux
communaut\u00e9s sur le site.|Exacerbaton des tensions entre
PDIs Peulh et Burkinab\u00e9s retourn\u00e9s
du Mali sur le site \u00ab Route de
Youba \u00bb.|\u2022 Sensibilisaton
sur
le
r\u00e8glement paci\ufb01que de la
queston par les services
habilit\u00e9s
\u2022 Sensibilisaton
sur
la
coh\u00e9sion sociale entre PDIs
et Retourn\u00e9s
\u2022 Partage du rapport \ufb02ash|\n|5.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Banh|Explosion d\u2019une IED sur un v\u00e9hicule de
l'arm\u00e9e le 7 mai vers 15h sur l'axe
Koumbri-Banh. Pas de perte en vie
humaine.|Pas de perte en vie en humaine.
Incident s\u00e9curitaire qui renforce le
sentment
d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
de
la
populaton.|
\u2022 Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens|\n|6.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Soll\u00e9|Installaton d\u2019un check-point par un
groupe arm\u00e9 non ident\ufb01\u00e9 sur l\u2019axe
Soll\u00e9 (Burkina) et Yoro (Mali) le 7 mai
aux environs de 9h. Ce GANI a
\u00e9galement tu\u00e9 un jeune de Soll\u00e9 et
bless\u00e9 un autre avant l\u2019interventon du
groupe d'auto-d\u00e9fense (volontaires).|1 jeune homme tu\u00e9 et 1 autre
bless\u00e9. Incident s\u00e9curitaire qui
renforce le sentment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
de la populaton.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens|\n|7.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Titao/
Tourboul\u00e9|Viol collectf sur une \u00e9l\u00e8ve de 17 ans en
classe de 5\u00e8 la nuit du samedi 9 au
dimanche 10 mai 2020 \u00e0 Tourboul\u00e9,
alors qu'elle \u00e9tait reparte avec un
groupe de femmes pour chercher des
vivres.|Choc \u00e9motonnel, psychologique et
physique sur la victme. Il y a une
recrudescence des actes de viol sur
les \ufb01lles et les femmes dans la r\u00e9gion
du Nord.|\u2022 Partage du rapport \ufb02ash
\u2022 Appui psychosocial
\u2022 Assistance en cash
\u2022 R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement|\n|8.||Viol sur une femme de 35 ans dans la
nuit du samedi 09 au dimanche 10 mai
Tourboul\u00e9, alors qu'elle \u00e9tait reparte
avec un groupe de femmes pour
chercher des vivres|Choc \u00e9motonnel, psychologique et
physique sur la victme. Il y a une
recrudescence des actes de viol sur
les \ufb01lles et les femmes dans la r\u00e9gion
du Nord.|\u2022 Partage du rapport \ufb02ash
\u2022 Appui psychosocial
\u2022 Assistance en cash|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|1. R\u00e9gion du Enl\u00e8vement d\u2019un fonctoi nnaire \u00e0 la La victmi e reste introuvable \u00e0 ce jour. \u2022 Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des
Nord/Province retraite le 10 mai 2020 \u00e0 Ingar\u00e9, son Les membres du village estmi ent autorit\u00e9s pour la
du village d'origine alors qu'il s'y rendait qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e. La s\u00e9curisatoi n des
Loroum/Thiou/ pour voir \u00e0 quoi ressemblait son village multpi licatoi n des enl\u00e8vements cr\u00e9e populatoi ns et leurs biens
Ingar\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9placement des habitants. une psychose dans la r\u00e9gion.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Thiou|Enl\u00e8vement de 2 hommes dont un
membre du Comit\u00e9 Villageois de
D\u00e9veloppement de Ingar\u00e9 le 13 mai \u00e0
Thiou.|Les deux victmes restent encore
introuvables. Les membres de sa
famille estment qu\u2019elles seraient
ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es. La multplicaton des
enl\u00e8vements cr\u00e9e une psychose
dans la r\u00e9gion.|\u2022 Rapport \ufb02ash
\u2022 Souten
psychologique
aux membres de leurs
familles|\n|3.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Banh|A\ufb00rontements violent entre GANI et
groupes
d'auto-d\u00e9fense
dans
la
matn\u00e9e du 14 mai sur l'axe Banh-
Koumbri. Bilan : 2 membres des
groupes d'auto-d\u00e9fense tu\u00e9s et 4
autres bless\u00e9s et \u00e9vacu\u00e9s au CHUR de
Ouahigouya.|Incident s\u00e9curitaire qui renforce le
sentment
d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
de
la
populaton.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens|\n|4.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Thiou|Ex\u00e9cuton de 2 membres du Comit\u00e9
Villageois
de
D\u00e9veloppement
de
Ingar\u00e9 dont le Pr\u00e9sident par des
membres de groupes arm\u00e9s non
ident\ufb01\u00e9s le 15 mai 2020.|2 civils ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s. Psychose chez les
populatons qui assistent \u00e0 des
ex\u00e9cutons de leurs leaders.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens|\n|5.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Loroum/Banh|A\ufb00rontement arm\u00e9 entre membres
de GANI et FDS appuy\u00e9es par les
volontaires pour la d\u00e9fense de la
patrie. Le bilan a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 7 morts (dont
2 soldats et 5 volontaires pour la
d\u00e9fense de la patrie) et 3 bless\u00e9s
dont 1 membre du comit\u00e9 de
protecton de Banh engag\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de
VDP.|7 personnes ont perdu la vie dont le
Pr\u00e9sident du CVD de Banh qui est
\u00e9galement du Point Focal de Bahn
(Voir encadr\u00e9 plus haut dans le
rapport).|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons et leurs biens
\u2022 R\u00e9\ufb02exion pour la poursuite
du monitoring \u00e0 distance
avec des personnes plus
discr\u00e8tes et plus neutres|\n|6.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Yatenga/Banh/
L\u00e9br\u00e9|Ex\u00e9cuton de 17 civils pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s
terroristes par des hommes arm\u00e9s
non ident\ufb01\u00e9s le 19 mai 2020.
Cete ex\u00e9cuton et les a\ufb00rontements
r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s entre GANI et FDS dans la
zone de L\u00e9br\u00e9 les 14, 18 et 19 mai a
provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de 300
personnes
vers
Mangdougou
et
Ouahigouya.|17 civils ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s ;
300
personnes
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es
vers
Ouahigouya et Mangdougou.|\u2022 Rapport \ufb02ash
\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton
\u2022 Souten psychosocial aux
PDI
\u2022 Poursuite du monitoring
dans
les
zones
de
d\u00e9placement
\u2022 Assistance humanitaire de
ces nouvelles PDIs (Vivres,
Abri, AME)|\n|7.
|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Province
du
Yatenga/Ouahi
gouya/Saye|Assassinat
d\u2019un
homme
(de
la
populaton h\u00f4te) par son \ufb01ls de 22 ans
qui ensuite pris la fuite. Les raisons de
cet assassinat ne sont pas connues.|1 homme assassin\u00e9.|\u2022 R.A.S.|\n|8.|R\u00e9gion du
Nord/Loroum/|Ataque d'un convoi de commer\u00e7ants
ayant cout\u00e9 la vie \u00e0 16 personnes dont
3 femmes le vendredi 29 mai 2020 par|16
civils
tu\u00e9s.
Restricton
de
mouvement.
Di\ufb03cult\u00e9|\u2022 Rapport Flash
\u2022 Souten psychosocial aux
familles des victmes|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|R\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1.
|Kosssi/Bourass
o|Enl\u00e8vement d\u2019un homme \u00e0 Bourasso
par des hommes arm\u00e9s non ident\ufb01\u00e9s
le 02 mai 2020. La victme reste
introuvable \u00e0 ce jour.|Cet incident a a\ufb00ect\u00e9 directement 1
homme mais a\ufb00ecte indirectement
tous les habitants de Bourasso qui
sont stress\u00e9s et inquiets de subir le
m\u00eame sort.|\u2022 Alerte des autorit\u00e9s et
acteurs humanitaires
\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|2.
|Sourou/To\u00e9ni/
Louta|Enl\u00e8vement de deux hommes par des
HANI dans la nuit du 05/05/2020 dans
le village de Louta.|Le chef du village de Louta et un
sage du village sont les victmes
directes de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Mais vu
leurs r\u00f4les dans le village, c\u2019est tous
les habitants qui sont dans la
psychose.|\u2022 Alerte des autorit\u00e9s et
acteurs humanitaires
\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|3.
|Kossi/Bourasso
/Bouni|Enl\u00e8vement d\u2019un homme \u00e0 D\u00e9dougou
originaire de Bouni le 08 mai 2020.|Un homme en provenance de
D\u00e9dougou a \u00e9t\u00e9 victme d\u2019un
enl\u00e8vement dans le village de Bouni
cr\u00e9ant du coup la peur au niveau du
village.|\u2022 Alerte des autorit\u00e9s et
acteurs humanitaires
\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|4.
|Kossi/Madoub
a|Ataque du poste de police du village
de Madouba par des HANI le 24 mai
2020.|Il n\u2019y a pas eu de pertes en vie
humaine. L\u2019incident a exacerb\u00e9 le
sentment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 chez les
populatons de la localit\u00e9.|\u2022 Alerte des autorit\u00e9s et
acteurs humanitaires
\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|5.
|Sourou/Gomb
oro|Ataque
de
la
gendarmerie
de
Gomboro par des membres de Groupe
Arm\u00e9 Non Ident\ufb01\u00e9s. Au cours de
l\u2019ataque, deux hommes civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9
enlev\u00e9s puis rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s par les auteurs
de l\u2019ataque.|Il n\u2019y a pas eu de pertes en vie
humaine. L\u2019incident a exacerb\u00e9 le
sentment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 chez les
populatons de la localit\u00e9.|\u2022 Alerte des autorit\u00e9s et
acteurs humanitaires
\u2022 Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des
autorit\u00e9s pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|R\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1.
|Commune de
Fada/Koar\u00e9|A\ufb00rontement entre volontaires pour la
D\u00e9fense de la patrie et membres de
groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense dans le village
de Koar\u00e9 le 04 mai2020 (jour de foire).
Le bilan est de 05 VDP morts, le
march\u00e9 incendi\u00e9 et du b\u00e9tail emport\u00e9.|Cet incident a caus\u00e9 la mort de cinq
(05) personnes des VDP, le march\u00e9
incendi\u00e9 et du b\u00e9tail emport\u00e9. Mais
toute la populaton est dans la peur.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|2.
|Commune de
Matakoali|Enl\u00e8vement de deux animateurs d\u2019une
ONG et un commer\u00e7ant de la Zone \u00e0 la
date du 03/05/2020. Apr\u00e8s 10 jours
de d\u00e9tenton, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s le 13
mai2020.|Cet incident a a\ufb00ect\u00e9 trois (03)
personnes, tous des hommes. Ils ont
\u00e9t\u00e9 tous rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s \u00e0 la date du 13
mai2020.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s
\u2022 Prendre
des
renseignements
sur
la
situaton s\u00e9curitaire sur
des axes avant de se
d\u00e9placer|\n|3.
|Matakoali/Tan
walbougou|Assassinats de 04 personnes par des
membres d\u2019un groupe am\u00e9 non
ident\ufb01\u00e9 dans le village de Mourideni
\u00e0 la date du 14 mai 2020. Apr\u00e8s leur
forfait, ils ont emport\u00e9 le b\u00e9tail des
victmes.|04 personnes assassin\u00e9s et du b\u00e9tail
emport\u00e9. Toute la populaton est
abatue de la terreur. Beaucoup se
sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Fada.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
apr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s
\u2022 Souten psychosocial aux
familles des victmes|\n|4.
|Matacoali
/Tanwalbougo
u|D\u00e9couverte de cinq corps sans vie \u00e0 la
date du 16 mai 2020. Ces personnes
auraient
\u00e9t\u00e9
ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es
et
abandonn\u00e9es.|05 corps sans vie en putr\u00e9facton
ont
\u00e9t\u00e9
retrouv\u00e9s.
Toute
la
populaton est abatue par la
terreur.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
apr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|5.
|Tapoa/Botou|Incendie simultan\u00e9e de la mairie, du
commissariat de police, le poste de la
douane et celui de l\u2019environnement
par des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s
dans la nuit du 16 au 17 mai 2020.|Pas de perte en vie humaine mais
toute la populaton est plong\u00e9e dans
la peur.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
apr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s
pour
la
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|6.
|Matacoali
/Tanwalbougo
u
|Arrestaton et d\u00e9tenton de 30
pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s terroristes \u00e0 la gendarmerie
de Tanwalbougou le 11 mai 2020. Le
lendemain, 12 de ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s
terroristes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s morts
dans leurs cellules.

|Cet incident a ampli\ufb01\u00e9 les tensions
et
soup\u00e7ons
autour
des
enl\u00e8vements et des ex\u00e9cutons
sommaires dans la r\u00e9gion, surtout
que les 30 pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s terroristes sont
tous de la communaut\u00e9 peulh.|\u2022 Plaidoyer
aupr\u00e8s
des
autorit\u00e9s locales pour la
s\u00e9curisaton
des
populatons
sans
distncton aucune
\u2022 Plaidoyer
pour
la
r\u00e9alisaton d\u2019une enqu\u00eate
ind\u00e9pendante sur la mort
des
12
pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s
terroristes|\n|7.|Gourma/Fada
N\u2019Gourma/
Ganyela|Menaces de mort sur des agents
humanitaires, incendie du bureau de
l\u2019ONG en queston et enl\u00e8vement de
moto et t\u00e9l\u00e9phone par 8 membres
d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 non ident\ufb01\u00e9 le 30
mai2020. Les agents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019abord
interrog\u00e9s sur la nature de leur
interventon et leur relaton avec les
services de l\u2019Etat et le Gouvernement
avant d\u2019\u00eatre menac\u00e9s de mort s\u2019ils
remetaient les pieds \u00e0 Ganyela.|Choc psychologique sur les agents
en queston. R\u00e9ducton de l\u2019acc\u00e8s
des localit\u00e9s aux humanitaires. Perte
de documents administratfs de
l\u2019organisaton, des ordinateurs, une
moto, un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone.|\u2022 Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022 Metre \u00e0 jour les analyses
des risques s\u00e9curitaires
dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est
pour
les
humanitaires
intervenant
dans
la
protecton
\u2022 S\u2019informer sur les axes
avant les d\u00e9placements
\u2022 Former
les
agents
humanitaires
sur
les
conduites \u00e0 tenir lors des|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/746fb49f-5d39-3981-ae2a-87a6f940e5bf/77278.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_212/raw/doc_212_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_212/raw/doc_212_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 62041bd31e580f9901d9485efc1f1352dafce680..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_212/raw/doc_212_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 147**\n\n# **Refugee camps in Chad:** **planning strategies and the architect\u2019s** **involvement in the humanitarian dilemma**\n\n**Manuel Herz**\n\nArchitect, Head of Research and Teaching\nETH Studio Basel\nETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland\n\nE-mail : herz@nsl.ethz.ch\n\nDecember 2007\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Prologue**\n\n\n11 April 2006. A column of 80 white, brand new Toyota pickup trucks are driving at\nhigh speed through the desert of the central African country of Chad, in a westerly\ndirection. More than a dozen men are standing on the open loading platforms of each\ntruck, fully draped in white cloth, leaving only a narrow slit for their eyes, watching\nthe unmarked track fly by. The young men, mostly between 16 and 20 years old,\nhave AK 47 machineguns strapped on their backs, and are tired and exhausted from\nthe long and bumpy drive in the scorching heat. They have been on the road for\nhours. They don\u2019t know precisely where they are driving at the moment. Never\nbefore have they ventured so far west.\n\n\nTwo days later, after continuous driving and with only short breaks during the night,\nthe landscape changes and the dirt tracks improve slightly. The column of cars starts\ncoming across people, inhabitants of the settlements along the dirt track, first only a\nfew, then more and more. Some of them, dropping whatever they\u2019re carrying, run\naway in sheer panic; others remain standing in awe and sometimes even wave.\nRarely, if ever before, have the villagers of the small settlement seen such a large\nnumber of cars passing through.\n\n\nIn the early hours of 13 April, the column of cars has reached its destination: the\nsuburbs of the Chadian capital N\u2019Djamena. As they approach from the northeast, they\npass buildings that \u2013 coming from the sparsely populated desert regions between\nSudan and Chad \u2013 seem large and sophisticated. In reality, they are small wayside\nbuildings made of brick, where bicycles are being repaired, or petrol is sold in plastic\nbottles: one of the many informal settlement areas and roadside housing in the\nsurroundings of N\u2019djamena. Nobody in the group has ever been to the Chadian\ncapital before. Their actual goal, though, is the president\u2019s palace: they have come to\ntown to topple Idriss Deby, the president of Chad.\n\n\nIn the meantime, their column of cars has split into two groups, to approach the palace\nfrom two separate directions. The location of the palace is unknown both to the men\nwith their AK 47s on the back of the pickup trucks, as well as to their drivers. After\ngetting completely lost, the group of pickup trucks comes to a halt, and the fearsome\nlooking young men somehow uncomfortably ask the people along the roadside for the\nway to the president\u2019s palace. After getting brief instructions, they continue their\napproach, quickly reaching one of the few paved roads of the city. Indeed, after a few\nminutes two large five-storey buildings with glazed facades that tower over the pitiful\nshacks, come into their view. They have reached their goal!\n\n\nWith screaming tyres, they came to a stop in front of buildings which are cordoned\noff from the dusty street with a black metal fence, and are set back by almost 50\nmetres. The young rebels jump from the trucks, take cover, aim with their machine\nguns towards the building and shoot fiercely. Windows start breaking, but, almost\ndisappointed, they notice the lack of expected resistance or counterattacks. To\ncomplete their assault, a first group of rebels starts to approach the building and runs\ntowards the large entrance door. If the young rebels had not belonged to the vast\nmajority of illiterates in the country, the large sign spelling out \u201cLibya Hotel\nKempinski\u201d on top of the building, would have made them withhold their assault.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Being unable to read, they were not aware of the fact that they were just trying to take\nover a recently opened hotel which, still unfinished and just barely past raw\nconstruction, was completely empty. Coming from the refugee camps in the east, any\nlarge building could have been a president\u2019s palace. Shortly thereafter, troops of the\nChadian president drive up, a fierce battle ensues with many victims, whereupon the\nrebels are captured.\n\n\nThe report of these events is based on information from humanitarian workers in\nChad, and on reports of Reuters AlertNet, the news information for humanitarian\nservices [1] . The unsuccessful attempt of a coup d\u2019etat shows a failure of signification, a\nfalse deciphering of signifiers, with tragic consequences. .\n\n\n**Chad**\n\n\nArriving at the airport of N\u2019djamena two months later, I was picked up by Bolivar, the\nhead of the local mission of M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) and driven through\nareas similar to those surrounding airports in any other part of the world, a no man\u2019s\nland made up of shacks and warehouses. We stopped just after a few hundred metres\nat one of those shacks, went inside, into what turned out to be an improvised bar.\nAfter a few warm beers and after the mosquitoes had had their feast on me in the\nrelentless evening heat, I asked Bolivar, whether we could now finally continue to the\ncity centre and to my hotel. He looked at me with a slightly surprised face and said\nthat we were in fact right in the middle of the city centre of N\u2019djamena, the capital of\nChad with its 800,000 inhabitants. This shows a different \u2013 though much less\ndramatic \u2013 failure of signification, a false deciphering of the urban fabric.\n\n\nThrough its representation in statistics and in the media, Chad appears to be a country\nas a compendium of problems that a nation can have. Being one of the poorest\ncountries in the world, covering an area three times the size of Germany and with a\npopulation of just eight million inhabitants, speaking 300 different languages,\nseverely underpopulated and fragmented, Chad, a central African, landlocked country,\nformerly a French colony, has probably experienced one of the worst processes of\ndecolonization in history.\n\n\nSince gaining independence in 1960, it has not been able to develop anything\nremotely reminiscent of what is usually described as a \u2018civil society.\u2019 The whole\ncountry has 400km of paved roads, seven dentists, no bookshops, and newspapers that\nare printed on a few A4 sheets and are published twice a week. It is a country where\nhalf the population does not reach the age of 40 [2] and where only 9 per cent of the\ninhabitants have access to sanitary facilities [3] . No city, not even the capital, has a\nfunctioning water system or a functioning electricity network. Just as craft, tourism\nand cultural facilities hardly exist, there is no public infrastructure system to make the\n\n\n1\nSources: personal reports from humanitarian workers in N\u2019djamena; news reports: Reuters AlertNet:\nDarfur's men vanish from refugee camp, 14 Apr 2006; Reuters AltertNet: N'Djamena - a city on the\nedge, 13 April 2006, amongst others.\n2 UNDP: Human Development Report 2006, p 294.\n3 Ibid, p 308.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "country accessible and, according to UN-Habitat, 99 per cent of urban settlements in\nChad can be classified as slums [4] .\n\n\nWhen Morris Foster, then president of ExxonMobile, opened the oil excavation and\npipeline project in October 2003, he stated in his opening speech that he was very\nproud to be part of laying the foundation for a better future for the country and its\npopulation [5] . In those last three years, since exporting oil, the education level has\nworsened, the rate of illiteracy has risen and the life expectancy has decreased even\nfurther. In the Human Development Index (HDI) assembled by the UN Development\nProgramme, Chad has fallen from 167 [th] place to 171th out of 177 countries [6] .\n\n\nExactly because of the very low level of development, and \u2013 apart from the oil \u2013 the\ngeneral disinvestment of the international community, exactly because of the fact that\nthe country is seen as a white spot on the map, Chad has become an ideal situation for\nrefugee camps. Apart from the oil, it is the refugees, the camps and the humanitarian\norganizations, which enable the country to embed itself within the international\neconomical networks.\n\n\nWhen three years ago George Menze came to the little town of Gor\u00e9 in southern Chad\nto head the local section of the Office of the UN High Commissioner of Refugees\n(UNHCR) and help the refugees coming from the Central African Republic, Gor\u00e9 was\na sleepy town with a few shacks selling food, a single dirt road and a few thousand\ninhabitants. Up until then, virtually no foreigner had set foot in that remote village\nclose to the border with the Central African Republic.\n\n\nThree years later, Gor\u00e9 is still an unattractive sleepy little town. The dirt road though,\nis now travelled by a host of white Toyota Landcruisers, which belong to the many\nhumanitarian organizations that have settled in the context of UNHCR. While Gor\u00e9\nhas maybe doubled in population within this timeframe, two much larger settlements\nhave developed in the near vicinity: the refugee camps Amboko and Gondje with\napproximately 15,000 refugees each.\n\n\nIt was a case of unhappy coincidences and sheer \u2018bad luck\u2019 when on 16 March 2003\nthe then former chief of staff Francois Bozize toppled F\u00e9lix Patass\u00e9 as head of state in\nthe Central African Republic. It was the same day that the world stood by to watch\nAmerican and British troops enter Iraq, relegating any other international event to the\nback pages of next day\u2019s newspapers, if being mentioned at all. Despite throwing a\nwhole country deep into turmoil and uprooting more than two hundred thousand\npeople that were trying to escape from ensuing murder and rape, it was a coup d\u2019etat\nthat no one in the western world ever took notice of. Since then tens of thousands of\npeople have fled across its northern border into Chad. When the news of people\ncrossing into southern Chad reached Geneva, UNHCR, as probably one of the only\nelements within the international community, reacted quickly, sent exploration teams,\nand within a very short time was able to provide first emergency shelter to those\nrefugees, fleeing from the Central African Republic. This shelter provided a safe\nhaven to the people fleeing from murder and rape. It saved lives.\n\n\n4 UN-Habitat Website: Chad country information, latest available year: 2001.\n5 ExxonMobile Corporation: Chad-Cameroon Oil Project Celebrates Official Project Inauguration,\nOctober 10, 2003.\n6 UNDP, Human Development Report 2006, p 286.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Planning method**\n\n\nEven though it is a group of approximately 30 million people that are currently\nconsidered refugees or internally displaced people [7] and even though there are\ncurrently close to a thousand of refugee camps in more than forty countries [8], there are\nonly eleven pages in one single book that describes planning strategies for refugee\ncamps. And even though the setting within which these camps develop could not be\nmore political and conflictual, the engagement with the theme is on a purely technical\nlevel only. It often ignores the social, political and collective consequences that every\nplanning decision has in this critical context.\n\n\nThe workers of the humanitarian organizations sighed when they came to speak of the\ncamp planning methods: \u201cNot a single time did the architects look at the area when\nthey were drawing their plans. They didn\u2019t even know that the region was forested.\u201d\nIn their usual manner George Menze\u2019s planners had applied their standardized plan\nfor refugee camps for the new camp of Gondje with a projected refugee population of\nup to 20,000 on a region that was heavily forested and had specific topographical\nfeatures, making their \u2018neutral\u2019 plan close to unusable.\n\n\nAs they were lacking the specific local knowledge of the region, the architects of\nUNHCR never noticed the inappropriateness of their plan. On top of that, the Chadian\nregional government, which has interest in settling the refugees \u2013 and the\nhumanitarian organizations which come in their wake \u2013 within their administrative\nboundaries assigned UNHCR a site for the camp that lay in the midst of a large nature\nand water reserve area. The clearing of large forest areas and the settlement of\napproximately 20,000 people \u2013 a size of settlement that is otherwise unknown to this\narea of Chad \u2013 had gravest effects on the nature and water balance of the region.\n\n\nRefugee camps are usually planned by the architects and technical planners of\nUNHCR. The standard model for a refugee camp is described in the \u201cUNHCR\nHandbook for Emergencies.\u201d Based on the belief that human rights and human needs\nare valid and identical all over the world, the fundamental planning approach for\ncamps is characterized by neutrality. After discussing criteria for site selection that\ntake issues such as accessibility, climate and health risks into consideration, the\nhandbook introduces the planning of the physical organization of the refugee camp\nthrough the tool of the \u2018masterplan.\u2019 [9] The standardized plan for such a refugee camp\nstarts with the tent or the refugee family as the smallest basic unit. The handbook then\ngoes on to describe a \u2018modular planning\u2019 approach. This unit of the family is\norganized into camp clusters (16 tents), camp blocks (16 clusters), camp sectors (4\nblocks) and finally the complete camp (4 sectors), which in its \u201cideal\u201d case houses\n20,000 refugees. [10]\n\n\nThese camp units are organized hierarchically, and are numbered and equipped with\nspecific services, that are indicative of the planning approach based on hygiene and\n\n\n7 In its Statistical Yearbook 2006, UNHCR lists approximately 25 million refugees, internally displaces\npeople, asylum seekers and other people at risk. the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for\nPalestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is responsible for approximately 4.5 million refugees,\nof which 1.3 million are living in refugee camps.\n8 Data taken from the country information pages of the UNHCR website.\n9 UNHCR: Handbook for Emergencies, Second Edition, 1999, Geneva, p 139.\n10 Ibid, p 140.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "order: latrines, feeding centres, distribution points, health centres and referral hospital.\nEvery camp cluster has a specific number of latrines and refuse drums, every camp\nblock a central place with water taps and every camp sector has a school. The units of\nthe camp are most often designed as orthogonal areas, creating a hierarchical matrix\nof spaces from the smallest unit of the tent, to the camp as a whole. Smaller paths and\nnon-motorized lanes separate clusters and blocks from one another, while roads for\nmotorized traffic access the larger camp sectors.\n\n\nOverall, an image starts to emerge from this agglomeration, one that, in its belief in\nstructured organization, low density, and clear separation of functions and uses,\nsuggests an idealized city reminiscent of those of early modernist urban planning of\nthe 1920s [11] . It is marked by a notion of modernist optimism and trust in order and\nhygiene. The concept of hygiene shapes the refugee camp on a direct level, as much\nattention is given in the planning and management of the camp in terms of health\nconditions, sanitation, transmittable diseases, and vector control. Minimum distances\nbetween refugee families and the densities of refugee populations are defined\naccording to their impact on health conditions. Camps usually include a quarantine\narea, in the case that cholera should break out, a disease of which the magnitude of\nimpact is directly related to density of living conditions, and the quality and\navailability of sanitation facilities.\n\n\nThese aspects are referenced throughout the chapter of the handbook. But hygiene\nalso marks the design of a camp on an indirect or symbolic level. Different ethnic\ngroups are usually housed in separate camp blocks. Block and sector representatives\nof the refugees are divided along religious and tribal lines. Refugees are kept at a\nspatial distance from humanitarian workers and their bases of operation, which are\noften located at the perimeter of the camp, to make for an easy escape, in case the\nrefugees should start an unrest. The organization of the refugee camp strives towards\nreducing the mixing of different refugee groups and towards a homogeneity of the\ndifferent camp units. For fear of mistrust and violence between different refugee\ncommunities, and other people in the camp, the refugee camp moves towards a place\nof segregation.\n\n\nThis modernistic planning approach, inscribed in ideas of hygiene, order, and\nhierarchy, which has hardly changed since the 1920s when various committees for\nrefugees, such as the Dutch \u201cComit\u00e9 voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen\u201d devised strategies\nand architectural plans for a modern, humane and healthy housing of refugee\npopulations [12], finds its application all over the world. Whether the humanitarian\ndisaster is taking place in the Saharan desert, within a tropical jungle, the dry\nhighlands between Iran and Afghanistan, or near urbanized areas in Kosovo, an\nidentical model for the camp as an idealized city is applied.\n\n\n11 For further information on ideal city planning of the modern movement see for example:\nSchwagenscheidt, Walter: Die Raumstadt, 1949. This urban planning methodology, developed in the\n1920s exhibits striking similarity to the contemporary planning strategies of refugee camps.\n12 van Pelt, Robert Jan: Eine kurze Geschichte des Fl\u00fcchtlingslagers Westerbork (A brief history of the\nrefugee camp Westerbork), in: Stadtbauwelt 48, 2006, p 58; Obviously it is possible to sketch out a\ngenealogy of the refugee camp which traces its planning principle via the concentration camps back to\nroman military camps, but in the context of this discussion a focus on the specific typology of the\nrefugee camp seems more appropriate.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Everywhere the same na\u00efve model is used to project a camp-city of European\nunderstanding onto regions that could not be more different. The same eleven pages\nof the \u201cHandbook for Emergencies\u201d are projected onto catastrophes all over the\nworld. In the context of violence and catastrophes it is exactly its neutrality that\nmakes this planning approach so susceptible to instrumentalization and politicization.\nOnce applied to the specificities of local situations, the disjunctions and\nincompatibilities of the neutral planning approach become apparent.\n\n\nGeorge Menze was explaining the change of strategy towards \u2018integration\u2019 that he had\nintroduced and was pursuing with the new camp Gondje. Integration, according to\nthis explanation, means the shared use of central and vital institutions such as schools\nor medical centres by the refugee population as well as by the local population from\nthe surrounding villages. This shared use of schools or medical centres gives the local\npopulation from the Chadian villages vital access to education and basic medical\nfacilities, sometimes even for their very first time.\n\n\nConsequently, the Chadian population profits from the presence of the refugees, and\nthe international community which comes in their wake, having a measurable impact\non life expectancy and education level. As those schools and medical facilities are\nfounded and run by humanitarian organizations, they often have a standard, which is\nnot reached by comparable Chadian institutions. Thus, emergency aid, aimed at\nsaving lives, becomes part of developmental aid for the host country. On the other\nhand, the Chadian regional administration is allowed to have ever fewer obligations\ntowards its own population, as it can rely on the presence of NGOs and the\ninternational community.\n\n\nThe incentives are high for the local Chadian government, to let the facilities sustain,\nwhich have been set up in the wake of refugee situations. In practice then, this\nintegration can lead to a more permanent settlement of refugees in Chad. This\npermanent settlement is problematic first of all, as the refugees were never asked for\ntheir own opinion, and this strategy, having a fundamental impact on their lives, was\ndecided without much consideration of their position and interests. Top priority\nshould be towards enabling a return of the refugees into their original home region, if\nthe political and safety conditions allow. Only when it is apparent, that such a return\nwill not be possible for an extensive period of time, a permanent settlement in another\ncountry should be sought for.\n\n\nOn the level of architecture and planning, the strategy of \u2018integration\u2019 means added\nspace. Instead of providing allotments of approximately only 45 sqm. per refugee\nfamily, as is the case in the older camp Amboko, the masterplan for the camp Gondje\nprovides plots of 200 sqm. per family [13] . The refugees are supposed to plant their own\nvegetables on that additional area, thereby achieving larger independence and selfsufficiency. What seems \u2018neutral\u2019 and purely positive when viewed on a technical\nlevel, shows crucial demographic consequences when social and political aspects are\ntaken into consideration.\n\n\n13 The allotment size of 45 sqm is consistent with the recommendations stated in the Handbook for\nEmergencies. All data and measurements were taken from site visits and from corresponding UNHCR\nplanning documents for the refugee camps of Gondje and Amboko.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Many of the refugees come from the villages of the northern regions of the Central\nAfrican Republic and have previously practiced a craft or ran small shops. Other\nrefugees are nomads of the tribe of the \u2018Buel\u2019 and have been raising large cattle herds.\nThey don\u2019t like vegetables they don\u2019t want to grow vegetables, and don\u2019t want to eat\nvegetables. Through a specific act of planning and a simple design move, those\nnomadic and village societies are being made into vegetable farmers. The architect\ntakes on the role of the demographer, altering fundamentally the structure of the\nregional population and helping to change a culture of craft, or a nomadic way of life.\n\n\nWhen walking through the camp, one moves through an endless collection of tents,\nstrewn in a seemingly haphazard way underneath the trees, with their latrines, their\ncooking platforms and their vegetable gardens. The two camps, Amboko and Gondje,\nthat are becoming permanent settlements, each with 15,000 inhabitants, are larger\nthan most of the Chadian towns and cities. However, in spite of their large size, the\nstructures that are emerging with the refugee camps are not of an urban character. The\ncamps occupy a vast area and are of low density, there is no concentration towards a\ncentre and they know no differentiation into individual quarters with diverse and\ndistinct characteristics.\n\n\nBecause of their homogeneity and their low density, they seem like suburbs \u2013 without\nthe corresponding city. [14] When those camps become stable with the strategy of\nintegration, gigantic permanent suburbias are created, with all of the problematic\naspects of a typical suburb. The homogeneity reduces the possibilities of social\ninteraction and eases the potential for observation and control by the regional\ngovernment and the camp gendarmerie. There is no social or cultural life, no central\ndensity with corresponding activities, just a space for keeping and containing people.\n\n\nRefugee camps are indispensable and essential, as they often represent the last lifesaving sanctuary of protection, and as the refugees, often in destitute condition, are\nwell looked after by the international community and humanitarian organizations like\nUNHCR, MSF or OXFAM. Often though, it is spatial strategies and decisions on the\nlevel of planning that change an emergency support, intended as temporary, into\nbecoming a permanent \u2018solution.\u2019 This reduces the urgency to deal with a conflict and\nits causes on a political level, as the \u2018human catastrophe\u2019 has been dealt with and\ncontained. The permanent settlement, a solution with architectural means, turns into a\nstrategy of sidestepping a political settlement. The architect becomes an accomplice\nof this turning away from politics.\n\n\n**Eastern Chad**\n\n\nSome 250,000 refugees from bordering Sudan are housed in 12 refugee camps in\neastern Chad, which have been set up by UNHCR. The refugees have fled from the\ncivil war in the Darfur region of the Sudan into neighboring Chad. The Darfur\nconflict, a war between various ethnic groups in the western region of Sudan, among\n\n\n14 It is interesting to note in this respect that the sociologist Paul Bourdieur noticed this relationship\nbetween the structure of the refugee camp and the suburban typologies already in the 1950s in his\nfieldwork and research on Algeria and its struggle for independence. On a further point, his studies\nshow how little the planning of refugee camps has changed, as the plans that he uses to illustrate his\nwork are virtually identical to a contemporary camp design. See Bourdieur, Pierre, In Algeria \u2013\nTestimonies of Uprooting, Edition Camera Austria, Graz.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "them the infamous Janjaweed militia, which is being supported by the Sudanese\ngovernment, broke out in the middle of 2003. According to various estimates,\napproximately 250,000 people have been killed in this war, and between two and\nthree million people have been displaced. Besides the hundred or more camps of\nvarious sizes that have been erected within Sudan for the displaced people, the twelve\ncamps in Chad represent a safe-haven and a last resort for survival, for the mostly\ncivilian victims of the war.\n\n\nThe camps themselves consist of an almost endless collection of tents that have taken\non a uniform brownish colour from the sand of the desert, becoming virtually\nindistinguishable from the identical brown of the ground, all merging into a vast\nbrown mass. The individual tents are usually set up in a kind of allotment, that also\nincludes an open fireplace for preparing food, storage space for firewood, sometimes\na resting place for a goat, and being surrounded by a makeshift fence, made of twigs,\nweeds, or various collected building material.\n\n\nAccording to the planning, these allotments are organized into camp blocks and\nsectors that are separated by wide, open corridors, also used as dirt roads. Apart from\nthe central facilities, such as the medical centre, the distribution point for the food\nrations, the schools and other community services, which are managed by\nhumanitarian organizations such as MSF, OXFAM or CORD, every refugee camp has\na market, where the refugees can buy or sell goods. They sell vegetables, meat of\ngoats slaughtered nearby, or self-tailored clothing, underneath simple tents. Many of\nthose shops are set up with the help of the humanitarian organizations, providing the\nsewing machines, or other equipment necessary for setting up a small business\nenterprise.\n\n\n**Of tents and huts**\n\n\nOn 24 May 2006, the monthly food rations are being distributed in the Treguine\nrefugee camp. Already early in the morning, thousands of colourfully-clothed women\nare waiting at the central distribution point for the large WFP (World Food\nProgramme) trucks to bring the heavy packages from the huge, and well protected\nsupply depots that are located just outside of the camps perimeter. Every month, upon\nshowing their camp registration card, the women are provided with a food ration,\nconsisting of flower, vegetable oil, some cereal, sugar and salt. And as every month,\nthe disorder and confusion is great, the waiting is strenuous, and other tasks such as\nwashing clothes or collecting firewood has to be postponed. At this day however,\nsomething else, something new is in the air: rain!\n\n\nIn a certain way, it is still too early for the beginning of the wet season. During\nmidday the first clouds are visible, that cover the dusty blue sky, and a steady wind\npicks up, blowing the hot desert sand into the faces of the waiting women. After\nwaiting for long hours, after all food rations have been distributed and the usual\nproblems of lost registration cards and double rations have been cleared up, calm\nreturns to the camp. Completing their tasks, the humanitarian workers leave at 5 pm\nin the afternoon, in order to reach their own compounds before the start of their\ncurfew time one hour later. In the distance, a faint tremor can be heard, coming closer\nwithin the next hours. At midnight, a gigantic heavy rainstorm showers down onto the\ncamp.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Treguine was one of the first refugee camps that UNHCR opened during spring 2003\nin Chad, located approximately 60km from the border to Sudan. It also became home\nto some of the first refugees that had until then camped independently in the desert\narea of the border region, or had been hosted as \u2018guests\u2019 in the few villages in the\nregion. Being one of the largest camps in the beginning, many of its residents had\nbeen moved to other camps in the following months as they were being opened.\n\n\nThe current inhabitants have been mostly living in Treguine since their escape from\nSudan. When setting up the camp, after the provisionary water wells have been\ndrilled, and the land has been organized into camp sectors and blocks, the refugees are\nassigned a piece of land and are handed a \u2018starter pack\u2019: a shovel, a blanket and\nmattress, some cooking utensils and a tent. Self-sufficiently they then erect their tent\nand create their own \u2018domestic\u2019 space.\n\n\nThe tent is the central element in the structure and the organization that UNHCR\ndeveloped for refugee camps, and it stands as the smallest, \u2018atomic\u2019 element in this\nhierarchical chain. Beyond its task as an urbanistic building unit, the tent is being\nassigned some very fundamental functions.\n\n\nAccording to the \u2018UNHCR Handbook for Emergencies\u2019 the tent has to protect the\nrefugee from the weather and the climate, should create a moderate internal\ntemperature \u2013 which is often impossible in view of daily temperatures far above 50\ndegrees in the open sun, and a fairly dark tent cloth \u2013 should provide for personal,\nemotional and physical security and safety as well as privacy, and facilitate the\nstorage of personal belongings and food supplies. [15] The tent becomes the object,\nwhich arranges and organizes the daily life of the refugees, but which also gives\nstructure to the camp, and hence assumes most central functions and significance.\nDepending on climate and usage, those tents last approximately three years.\n\n\nOwing to the very dry heat in the east of Chad, the tents in the camp Treguine had\nbecome very frail after three years. The cloth had torn in places and was often full of\nholes, and the steady wind with desert sand had taken its toll and made it paper-thin.\nThe tents could not withstand the heavy rain that poured down on the refugee camp in\nthe night between 24 and 25 May. Rainwater oozed through the thin cloth, dripped\nthrough the cuts and holes, soaked the beds and mattresses and destroyed the food\nrations that had been distributed just hours before. The flour that was to secure the\nlivelihood of the refugee families had become unusable.\n\n\nThe refugees had pointed out the bad condition of the tents to the administration in the\ncamp. Most tents, the refugees said, would not survive another rainy season without\nserious problems or damages. UNHCR though, had not been able to provide the\nrefugees with new tents, due to their financial limitations. Only very few refugee\nfamilies had built more durable shelter in the form of huts made of dried clay bricks.\n\n\nNext morning, the fear and frustration of the refugees turned into anger towards the\nworkers of the humanitarian organizations. A revolt and some fighting ensued in\nwhich residents and workers were injured and some NGO staff were taken as\nhostages. Only after an agreement over the replacement of the destroyed food rations\nand the improvement or repair of the tents was found, were the hostages released.\n\n\n15 UNHCR: Handbook for Emergencies, Second Edition, 1999, Geneva, p 145.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These events show the dilemma that the spatial activities of humanitarian aid, of\nUNHCR and the various NGOs are facing. If the refugees had had the chance to erect\nmore sturdy buildings instead of the tents in the refugee camps, the food provisions\nwould have probably been not destroyed through the rain. Indeed, in a few refugee\ncamps especially in the south of Chad, refugees are given \u2018home-buildings-kits\u2019,\nconsisting of a shovel, a bucket and a wooden mold for casting clay bricks.\n\n\nBy building clay huts, the transitory nature of the refugee camp, though changes to a\nmore durable facility with a stable infrastructure, that is able to host refugees\npermanently. This permanent settlement is often not in the interest of the refugees. If\nthe spatial strategy of UNHCR limits itself to setting up tents as a means for\nhabitation, it will always remain obvious and be visible that the situation is one of an\nemergency situation, which has to be solved not with architecture, but through\npolitics.\n\n\nAs tents are, by definition and out of necessity, always pushed to their limits in terms\nof what they should perform and what tasks are laid upon them, accidents or mishap\nare bound to happen. This dilemma then offers the choice between a permanent camp,\nwith stable buildings, helping to \u2018normalize\u2019 the state of refugees, which thereby\npersist in their plight, or a camp that expresses its temporary circumstances by the\ntents, but thereby exposing the refugees to additional dangers. An ideal \u2018architectural\u2019\nchoice in this dilemma cannot be taken.\n\n\nHumanitarian aid differentiates between activities of reconstruction or improvement,\nand emergency. While activities of reconstruction, as for example the reconstruction\nafter natural disasters, or the developmental aid in various projects such as slum\nupgrading, creates solutions that preferably should be permanent and improve a low\nlevel of development, emergency aid, as performed in refugee camps, has a different\naim: It should supply people with the absolute necessary, serve as a safe-haven, and\nsave the lives of refugees and the displaced. Emergency aid should not be permanent,\nas the solution for the problems should be sought on a political level.\n\n\nThus, put in a simplified way, the difference between emergency aid and\ndevelopmental aid can be read from their spatial component: emergency aid builds\ntents and developmental aid builds houses. If emergency aid starts building houses, or\nvice-versa, things become problematic. If emergency aid starts buildings hospitals and\noperating them for the general population, it runs into the danger of becoming a pawn\nin the game of corrupt politicians or lawless militias. On the other hand \u2013 and\nexhibiting the ambiguities of operating in these highly charged contexts \u2013 on what\nterms should one dare to reject help to local a population, when they come to refugee\ncamps in conditions of need. It is these dilemmas, which have been thoroughly\ndescribed in recent writings, that architecture becomes a witness and a register.\n\n\nIn the past, emergency aid has been termed as a very \u2018conservative\u2019 way of acting, as\nit keeps a distance from politics and the causes of conflict. Emergency aid that is\nperformed by humanitarian organizations in situations of conflict, intentionally\nrefrains from dealing with the causes of conflict and \u2018only\u2019 aims at alleviating the\nsymptoms. What seems insufficient on first view, is though characterized by a solid\nlogic: During a humanitarian catastrophe people have to be saved from death and\ninjury, no matter from where those people come and how they are implicated in the\nconflict. If emergency aid starts taking sides, and getting involved politically,\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitarian organizations run into the danger of not being able anymore to serve the\npeople in distress.\n\n\nThis space, that has to exist to be able to perform emergency aid, to have access to the\nareas of conflict, to judge independently the levels of need, without being pulled into\nthe conflict, has been termed \u2018humanitarian space\u2019 by Rony Brauman, one of the\nfounding members of Medecins Sans Frontieres. The actual \u2018solution\u2019 has to be\ndeveloped within the political sphere, not through humanitarian means. As doctors as\nbad politicians, and politicians are bad doctors, political, military and humanitarian\ninterventions should be strongly distinguished from each other. Political conflicts\nhave to be solved on a political level, not through humanitarian or architectural\nmeans. If those to levels are enmeshed, as was practiced in Afghanistan most\nexplicitly, humanitarian actors are the biggest losers. [16] Their work is being\ninstrumentalized for other means.\n\n\n**Militarization**\n\n\nThe proximity between humanitarian actors and the military is hard to avoid. On the\none hand, armies try hard to \u2018humanize\u2019 their wars and military interventions by\nlinking or coupling them with emergency missions and reconstruction aid. That is, for\na western audience wars are being rationalized by formulating plans of reconstruction\nat the time when destruction is still taking place, and by not only dropping bombs but\nalso food rations, first-aid kits and artificial limbs.\n\n\nOn the other hand, the humanitarian organizations are seeking the proximity of the\nmilitary as well, though. The need to help people in distress exposes the humanitarian\nworkers to danger. Organizations like MSF or OXFAM often operate in the midst of\nviolence, displacement and armed conflict, and hence close to military units. They, at\ntimes, pride themselves with being the last to leave, or the first to enter, a region of\nconflict. This contact has direct implications for humanitarian organizations on three\ndifferent levels: their language, their modes of action and their perception of the\nenvironment.\n\n\nHumanitarian workers, who travel to Chad from western countries to work in the\ncontext of humanitarian aid speak of going on a \u2018 _mission_ \u2019. Arriving in Chad, they\nquickly get acquainted with communicating over radio or walkie-talkies with \u2018 _Alpha_\n_Base_ \u2019, the base station in the country. Whenever they are driving in one of the cars,\nthey give reports every fifteen minutes that the situation is \u2018 _Oscar Kilo_ \u2019 (= OK) and\nalso give a report on the passengers in the vehicle, listing the \u2018 _Expats_ \u2019 separately from\nthe \u2018 _Inpats_ \u2019.\n\n\nCommunicating their current location, they announce the time of the next \u2018 _radio_\n_contact_ \u2019 at \u2018 _fourteen hundred hours_ \u2019. No one leaves the base without radios or\nwalkie-talkies, and vehicular traffic happens mostly in columns of two or three white\nToyota Landcruisers. Often, a self-entailed curfew prohibits any movement after\n\n\n16 This \u2018m\u00e9lange\u2019 of humanitarian aid and military action has recently been described and analyzed in a\nnumber of texts: David Rieff, A Bed for a Night; and Sarah Kenyon Lischer, Dangerous Sanctuaries,\namongst others. Recognizing the importance of these works, the author\u2019s interest lies less with the\nsimple proximity of the two areas of activity, but rather with the spatial consequences and impact on\nplanning strategies, that this sharing of a common \u2018vocabulary\u2019 results in.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dawn. Visits by spouses or partners in the compounds of the humanitarian\norganizations are as strictly prohibited as intimate relationships between any of the\nworkers. This militarization of language and modes of behavior also has impacts on\ntheir perception of the environment.\n\n\nFrom the twelve refugee camps in Eastern Chad, with their total population of\n250,000 refugees from the Darfur region, the camp Bredjing enjoys one the best\nreputation amongst the workers of the humanitarian organizations. Walking through\nthe camp, the difference between Bredjing and other camps in the region is hardly\nnoticeable. Maybe the roads accessing the individual sectors are more clearly\narranged; maybe the camp blocks are better structured.\n\n\nThe tents are identical to those in other camps; refugees come from the same areas\nand are in similar physical conditions. The difference though lies in the fact that the\ncamp was fully set up before the first refugees arrived, and that the facilities of the\nhumanitarian organizations are not located within the centre of the camp, as usual, but\nat their fringes, having a certain distance to the areas where the refugees are living.\n\n\nEven though less convenient for the refugees, who have to walk longer distances to\nreach the community facilities and the medical stations, the humanitarian workers can\nprofit from an increased security: Refugees, whose behavior and activities can change\ncourse unexpectedly, are seen as potential threat. Having a spatial distance to the\nrefugees, who are required to walk down a long road towards the facilities of the\nhumanitarian organizations, they cannot launch a surprise attack. On the contrary,\nbeing located at the camp\u2019s perimeter, a quick escape is always possible. The military\nreasoning, which views the refugee as a potential source of danger, finds its spatial\nexpression in an ordered camp structure and the preferred distribution of functions in\nterms of overview and retreat.\n\n\n**Boundaries**\n\n\nIn the matrix set up by nations, refugees and conflicts, the notion of boundaries plays\na central role on various levels. When the infamous Janjaweed attacked the village of\nDjawara in eastern Chad on 13 April and most of the village population was\nbutchered to death, Abdulaye and some of his relatives, being one of the few\nsurvivors tried to escape to safety. The refugee camp \u2018Goz Amer\u2019, located in close\nproximity to the ambushed village, has been set up for the refugees coming from\nSudan, fleeing similar attacks by the same Janjaweed. Abdulaye was denied access to\nthe camp, as he and his family within their own country only carry the status of\n\u2018internally displaced people\u2019\n\n\nIn the central convention of 1951, UNHCR defines the refugee as a person who,\nexposed to a fundamental threat, has fled from his home into a different country, thus\ncrossing an international boundary. [17] If, when fleeing, one remains within one\u2019s own\n\n\n17 UNHCR defined the refugee in its founding convention from 1951 as \u201d\u2026 any person who: [\u2026]\nowing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership\nof a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable\nor, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not\nhaving a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such\nevents, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.\u201d This convention included\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "country, the status of a refugee does not apply according to this definition, and one is\n\u2018only\u2019 classified as internally displaced, a category that the international community\nand UNHCR has only limited responsibility for. Especially in Africa, where the\nboundaries of countries go back to colonial powers and are mostly ignorant of social\nand tribal structures, this differentiation between refugees and internally displaced\npersons (IDPs) is extremely problematic.\n\n\nVery often coherent population groups are living on both sides of an international\nborder, and can at times move freely within the border area, as the exact location of\nthe boundary is frequently not demarcated and not controlled. What is invisible in the\nlandscape, and had remained mostly irrelevant for local population, becomes the\ndecisive factor at the time of greatest danger and precariousness. The borders decide\nhow a fleeing and protection seeking person is treated.\n\n\nLeft without food and water, in one of the most inhospitable areas of the world,\nAbdulaye and his family where faced with two options, one worse than the other: One\npossibility was to flee across the border into Sudan, in order to obtain the official\nstatus as refugees and be accepted into one of the UNHCR refugee camps [18] . However,\nthis flight meant an escape into the midst of the Sudanese civil war and into the hands\nof those Janjaweed who had just days before razed his home and killed his fellow\nvillagers, thus into greatest danger.\n\n\nThe other possibility is the attempt to get to Goz Amer or one of the other camps in\nthe region even without enjoying the official status of refugees. Having reached those\ncamps, the so-called internally displaced people then settle in the most miserable\nconditions just outside of the official refugee camps. They squat densely packed in\nlarge numbers underneath some rags of plastic foil, and, being without protection, are\ndirectly exposed to the hot desert wind and temperatures of 50 degrees. They are not\nprovided with tents, food nor water, or any other kind of support. But they can\nobserve how their fellow tribespeople from Sudan are at least provided with this basic\nassistance.\n\n\nEven though the refugee camps in eastern Chad are not fenced off by a physical\nboundary, the access to the facilities of the camp, to its infrastructure, food provisions\nand tents are prevented through a system of control, using the refugee\u2019s registration\ncards. The spatial limits of the camp, that are easily overcome in their physical reality,\nobtain an absolute status through organizational means, in situations of bitter need.\nThe two-class society of fleeing people, based on the differentiation into refugees and\ninternally displaced people, finds its spatial equivalence in the informal structures just\noutside the gates of the official refugee camps. The camps develop their own ghettoes\nor shantytowns, the slums of the slums for the banished of the banished. In medieval\nmanner the unwanted are expelled out of the gates of those virtual cities.\n\n\nconditional clauses that limited its validity geographically, to events occurring within Europe, and\nhistorically, to events related to World War II. Even though these qualifications were amended by a\nprotocol in 1967, the current definition of refugees remains thoroughly inscribed in a post-war\nEuropean logic of state boundaries and their invulnerability.\n18 In a most recent development, UNHCR has called upon Sudan to recognize the Chadians fleeing into\nSudan as refugees. (UNHCR press release, 8. August 2007: UNHCR and Sudan Commissioner for\nRefugees recommend recognition of Chadian Refugees newly arrived to Darfur).\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Camps for the western world**\n\n\nSpace becomes a medium for politics. Refugee camps are probably the most direct\ntranslation of politics into space. Any political strategy or decision has immediate\nconsequence on a spatial dimension in the camp. And any spatial change or\nmodification, at whatever scale it occurs, immediately resonates on a political and\ndemographic level. The camp is politics having become space.\n\n\nApart from all fundamental, life-saving functions in the context of conflicts and\nhumanitarian catastrophes, refugee camps are performing a vital function in our\nglobalized world: They are structuring and organizing knowledge of the \u2018wild and\nsavage\u2019 for the western world. At a time, when humanitarian interventions are\noccurring more and more often, when local conflicts are inscribed into a global matrix\nof interests, refugee camps become the interface and access point for the activities of\nthe developed world. Almost all knowledge that we possess on the Darfur conflict,\ncomes from the refugee camps in the east of Chad, their counterparts on the other side\nof the boundary in Sudan, or the humanitarian organizations involved in those camps.\n\n\nThe reporters of the various news agencies as well as the researchers of think-tanks\nand diplomatic missions travel to the camps, in order to get the newest information\nabout the conflict itself and the condition of the rebels, but also information in the\nfields of ethnography and demography, giving proof to the fact that refugee camps\nhave become producers and organizers of knowledge, and that we perceive the\ncountry almost exclusively through those camps. In a peculiar way mirroring Edward\nSaid\u2019s \u2018Orientalism\u2019, the refugee camps become our method to comprehend the\nstrange East, or the wild Africa.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8cbfa4c-6dcb-39af-94ec-09fc2e36a49d/775F942235E6501CC12573B60036D0BD-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_213/raw/doc_213_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_213/raw/doc_213_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3fd46710591568b95978e2f0397853a6837660ae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_213/raw/doc_213_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\n\nAlmost half of all refugees in the world today are\ncaught in protracted situations. In many cases, there\nare limited prospects for durable solutions, and refugees remain dependent on ongoing international\nhumanitarian assistance. Given the trends in conflict,\nit is likely that increasing numbers of refugees will\nface similar circumstances in the future. Yet a traditional humanitarian assistance approach undermines\ntheir dignity and may not be financially sustainable in\nthe long term.\n\n\nIn this context, jointly commissioned UNHCR/WFP\nImpact Evaluations examined the agencies\u2019 efforts to\nsupport refugees\u2019 self-reliance in food security and\nnutrition and found that there were opportunities to\ntake a more concerted and strategic approach. In\nresponse, UNHCR and WFP are launching this \u2018Joint\nStrategy for Enhancing Self-Reliance in Food Security\nand Nutrition in Protracted Refugee Situations.\u2019\nThe strategy is applicable to all situations in which\nUNHCR and WFP are jointly assisting refugees in\nprotracted situations and focuses on self-reliance in\nterms of food security and nutrition.\n\n\nGuided by a vision of refugees in protracted situations living in dignity and gaining progressively\ngreater self-reliance, the strategy has two complementary components. First, UNHCR and WFP will\nfocus on strengthening the livelihoods of refugees,\nwhile ensuring that basic food and nutrition needs\nare met. Second, UNHCR and WFP will work with\ngovernments, host communities, and humanitarian\nand development partners to create an enabling\n\n\n\nenvironment that will allow refugees to use their livelihood assets to contribute to greater self-reliance.\n\n\nTo implement this new strategy, UNHCR and WFP will\nfocus on three main steps. In each refugee situation, they will jointly assess the self-reliance context,\nexamining vulnerabilities and capacities and analyzing opportunities and constraints. On the basis of\nthese assessments, they will develop joint self-reliance strategies that provide realistic goals and\ncontext-specific pathways for improved livelihoods\nthat contribute to achieving greater self-reliance.\nThe agencies will then closely monitor and evaluate\nprogress made on self-reliance in food security and\nnutrition to ensure that any necessary corrections in\nthe approach are implemented in a timely and effective manner.\n\n\nBy adopting this forward-looking strategy, UNHCR\nand WFP will contribute to wider efforts to address\nthe challenges of protracted displacement. The agencies will continue to work in close partnership with\na range of other stakeholders including: refugees;\nhost communities; governments; donors; wider UN\nCountry Teams; academia; civil society; the private sector; and international consortia such as the\nSolutions Alliance. In doing so, the agencies hope to\nprovide a positive example of how to strengthen the\nhumanitarian-development nexus and better support\nmillions of refugees worldwide.\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CONTEXT**\n\nNearly half of all refugees in the world today are\ncaught in protracted situations. UNHCR reported that,\nby the end of 2014, 6.4 million refugees, amounting\nto 45 percent of refugees under its mandate, were\nin situations of protracted displacement. **\u00b9** Given the\ncurrent trends in conflict, protracted displacement\nwill likely increase in the coming years. The proliferation and fragmentation of conflicts, particularly in\nthe Middle East and the Sahel region of Africa, have\ncaused wide-scale displacement and will likely continue to force people to seek asylum across borders.\nIn many of these protracted situations, the prospects\nfor durable solutions **2** remain limited, and refugees\n\nare reliant on international humanitarian assistance to\nmeet their food and nutrition needs.\n\n\nDespite these trends, a \u2018humanitarian assistance\u2019\napproach still predominates in many protracted\nsituations. This traditional approach presents two\nprincipal challenges. First, it undermines the dignity\nof refugees by not allowing them to utilize their full\npotential. Many refugees have considerable capacities and skills that would permit them to become\nmore economically self-reliant and benefit countries\nof asylum, but are unable to make these contributions\nunder a traditional approach. Second, the cost of\nongoing assistance may be financially unsustainable.\nNot only have the number of refugees increased,\nbut total humanitarian needs have risen dramatically,\nmaking it difficult for donor countries to provide adequate levels of assistance.\n\n\nAs a result, policy-makers and practitioners have a\nrenewed impetus to support self-reliance in protracted refugee situations by strengthening the humanitarian-development nexus. Recognising the key\nleadership role of States and national civil society, the\nSolutions Alliance **3** has provided a forum for govern\nments, donors, academics, the United Nations, and\nnon-governmental organizations (NGOs) to discuss\nthe latest thinking and approaches. Universities in\nboth developing and developed countries have been\nengaged in research on the challenges and opportunities for self-reliance. Development actors, including\nthe World Bank and the United Nations Development\nProgramme (UNDP), are exploring how they might be\nable to contribute to these efforts.\n\n\n\nWithin this evolving context, UNHCR and WFP commissioned a series of independent impact evaluations\n(the Evaluations) and a synthesis report (the Synthesis\nReport) in 2011 to determine the contribution of food\nassistance to durable solutions in protracted refugee situations. Using a mixed-method approach, the\nEvaluations looked at four specific protracted contexts in which UNHCR and WFP were jointly operating: Bangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia and Rwanda. While\nrecognizing the positive effects of humanitarian food\nassistance in addressing the immediate food security and nutrition needs of refugees, the Evaluations\nfound little evidence of a transition towards increased\nself-reliance as an important step towards the\nachievement of solutions in the case study countries and argued that the international community\u2019s\nresponse was failing to deliver on agreed intentions\nto promote self-reliance.\n\n\nRecognizing that no single actor alone can resolve\nthe complex challenges that exist in relation to\nprotracted refugee situations, the Synthesis Report\ndirected its recommendations to a number of different stakeholders, including donor countries, the\nUnited Nations Country Teams (UNCTs), and UNHCR\nand WFP. It recommended that donors need to\nfind new ways to finance self-reliance, while UNCTs\nshould provide mechanisms for addressing refugee\nissues more systematically. For UNHCR and WFP, it\nrecommended that the agencies jointly develop a\nnew approach to assistance in protracted contexts\nto increase refugee self-reliance in food security and\nnutrition. This Joint Strategy represents the fulfilment\nof this recommendation.\n\n\n\n**1.** UNHCR 2015, UNHCR Global Trends 2014.\n**2.** \u2018Durable solutions\u2019 refer to the point when refugees no longer need\n\n\n\ninternational protection, generally after voluntary repatriation, local integration, or resettlement to a third country. Complementary pathways to\nprotection and solutions are being expanded, always with consideration\ngiven to durability.\n**3.** The Solutions Alliance aims to improve the lives of displaced persons and\n\n\n\nthe communities that host them by responding more collaboratively to\ndisplacement and contributing to durable solutions. More information is\navailable at www.solutionsalliance.org\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **AGENCY ROLES AND COMPARATIVE** **ADVANTAGES**\n\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP have, for many years, been at the\nforefront of the international humanitarian system\u2019s\nwork in protracted refugee situations.\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n\nWithin the United Nations system, UNHCR holds the\nmandate for refugees and is the lead agency with\nrespect to normative policy, legal issues and operational matters related to refugees. UNHCR is working using multi-sectoral approaches and addressing\nthe interests and requirements of host states and\nhost communities, and the sharing of responsibilities between states, UNHCR and the broader UN\nsystem. Additionally, since the adoption of Executive\nCommittee Conclusion on protracted refugee situations in 2009, UNHCR has corporately shifted from a\ntraditional humanitarian assistance approach to one\nthat supports the building of self-reliance among refugees. UNHCR also adopted an Alternatives to Camps\npolicy (2014) which calls for UNHCR to avoid the establishment of camps where possible and work decisively towards the removal of obstacles to achieving\n\n\n\nself-reliance. To support the implementation of this\nand other related policies **\u2074** and guide its work on\nlivelihoods as an important way to increase self-reliance, UNHCR has developed a market-oriented,\ndata-driven Global Livelihood Strategy (2014-2018) **\u2075**\nand, Minimum Criteria for Livelihoods Programming. **\u2076**\nAmong other livelihood interventions, UNHCR promotes the Graduation Approach, intended to help\nthe poorest of the poor, is a targeted, sequenced and\ntime bound approach to livelihoods support including\nassessment, training, support for wage and self-employment, access to finance, and mentoring.\n\n\n**WFP**\n\n\nWithin the UN system, WFP is the lead food assistance agency, covering both refugee- and non-refugee settings. **7** As set out in its Mission Statement\n\nand its Strategic Plan, WFP uses food assistance to\nserve both relief and development purposes and to\ncontribute to the achievement of Zero Hunger. Given\nits strong experience in emergency response and its\ninnovative approaches to development work, it is particularly well-placed to help bridge the humanitarian\nand development divide in addressing the food and\nnutrition needs of refugees. It has corporate expertise\nin Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) in both\ncontexts and can draw upon a range of humanitarian\nand development tools, including general distributions, nutrition assistance, livelihood asset-creation,\nrisk insurance, and supply chain interventions that\nlink small-scale producers to markets. WFP can also\ndraw upon its significant experience in facilitating\nsouth-south and triangular cooperation as well as on\nissues of social protection and national safety nets.\nIn addition, WFP also has different transfer modalities\nat its disposal, such as food and cash-based transfers, which can be selected based on the context.\n\n\n\n**4.** UNHCR 2005 Handbook for Self-reliance; UNHCR 2009 Policy on\n\n\n\nRefugee Protection and Solutions in Urban Areas; UNHCR 2011 Promoting\nLivelihoods and Self-reliance: Operational Guidance on Refugee\nProtection and Solutions in Urban Areas; Investing in Solutions: A Practical\nGuide for the Use of Microfinance in UNHCR Operations.\n**5.** UNHCR 2014, Global Strategy for Livelihoods 2014-2015\n**6.** http://www.unhcr.org/54fd6cbe9.html\n**7.** WFP\u2019s obligation to provide assistance to refugees is set out in Article\n\n\n\nII.2.(C) of the WFP General Regulations http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/\ngroups/public/documents/newsroom/wfp261672.pdf?_ga=1.176663847.38\n0862258.1428389656\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The partnership**\n\n\nBoth agencies are working towards self-reliance\nobjectives independently of this Joint Strategy:\nUNHCR is committed to enhancing the self-reliance\nof refugees in a broad socio-economic sense; and\nWFP is focused on enhancing the self-reliance of all\nits beneficiaries, including refugees, in food security\nand nutrition. Working together, therefore, the agencies are committed to promoting the self-reliance of\nrefugees in food security and nutrition.\n\n\nThis Joint Strategy is aligned with the existing agency\ncommitments of UNHCR and WFP, which are formalized through a global Memorandum of Understanding\n(MOU).\u2078 The MOU articulates the agencies\u2019 commitments to restore nutritional status through provision\nof appropriate food assistance and promotion of\nself-reliance through development activities to create\nsuitable conditions for durable solutions. It indicates\n\n#### **VISION**\n\nUNHCR and WFP have a shared vision, in which refugees in protracted situations live in dignity and progressively attain greater self-reliance in food security\n\n#### **PURPOSE**\n\nThe purpose of the Joint Strategy is to set the parameters for inter-agency collaboration between UNHCR\n\n\n\nthat UNHCR and WFP will conduct joint needs assessments to identify food and non-food needs as\nwell as assess socio-economic capacity of different\npopulation groups to inform targeting and guide\nthe development of self-reliance activities. In addition, UNHCR and WFP will collaborate to define and\nimplement comprehensive livelihood support programmes to encourage and build the self-reliance of\nboth populations of concern and host communities.\nAs self-reliance increases, UNHCR and WFP will plan\nthe gradual phasing out of assistance in consultation\nwith the Government, implementing partnersand\nbeneficiaries.\n\n\nThe Joint Strategy is also aligned with the 2030 Agenda,\nwith particular focus on Sustainable Development Goal\n2 related to Zero Hunger and Sustainable Development\nGoal 17 concerning partnerships.\n\n\n**8.** Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations High\n\nCommissioner for Refugees and the World Food Programme,\nJanuary 2011.\n\n\nand nutrition, while working to achieve the ultimate\ngoal of durable solutions.\n\n\nand WFP on self-reliance in food security and nutrition in protracted refugee situations.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **SCOPE**\n\nThis Joint Strategy focuses on:\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Refugees:** Although many of the issues discussed\nin this Joint Strategy apply to internally displaced\npersons, the approach has been tailored to the\nspecific considerations of working with refugees,\nincluding their unique legal status.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Host communities:** The Joint Strategy acknowledges that efforts to promote self-reliance in\nrefugee populations need to consider both the\nfood security and nutrition status of host populations as well as the socio-economic dynamics\nthat exist with host communities and be sensitive\nto any tensions that might be present in the local\ncontext.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Protracted refugee situations:** While self-reliance efforts should begin during the initial phase\nof displacement, currently the most significant\nchallenge is identifying ways to support refugees\nin protracted refugee situations to meet more of\ntheir food and nutrition needs.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **All environments in which refugees are residing:**\nThe Joint Strategy applies to refugee camps and\nsettlements as well as to out-of-camp situations\nin both rural and urban contexts, recognizing that\nthe opportunities and challenges vary widely depending on the situation.\n\n\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Self-reliance in food security and nutrition:** The\nfocus of the Joint Strategy is on the ability of refugees to increasingly meet their food and nutrition\nneeds, which is where the work of UNHCR and\nWFP overlap. **9**\n\n\n**9.** However, it is important to recognize that these efforts can make a con\ntribution to wider self-reliance in three ways: 1) food security and nutrition\nis one of the essential needs that refugees must meet to be self-reliant in\nthe broader sense; 2) good food security and nutrition can provide a foundation for refugees to make progress in other areas of self-reliance; and 3)\nthe modalities and platforms used to support food security and nutrition,\nsuch as \u2018multi-purpose\u2019 cash, can also provide refugees with assistance\non other essential needs and contribute to their ability to become more\nbroadly self-reliant.\n\n\n**Definition of \u2018Self-Reliance\u2019**\n\n\nSelf-reliance is the ability of an individual, household or community to meet essential needs and to\nenjoy social and economic rights in a sustainable\nmanner and with dignity.\n\n_Source: http://www.unhcr.org/530f107b6.pdf_\n\n\n**Definition of \u2018Self-Reliance in Food**\n**Security and Nutrition\u2019**\n\n\nSelf-reliance in food security and nutrition is the\nability of refugees to meet their food security and\nnutrition needs \u2013 in part or in whole \u2013 on their\nown in a sustainable manner and with dignity.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **OBJECTIVES**\n\nThis Joint Strategy sets out two objectives that will be\npursued concurrently by UNHCR and WFP in order\nto promote the self-reliance of refugees in protracted\nsituations:\n\n\n\u25cf\u25cf Strengthen livelihoods while ensuring basic food\nand nutrition needs are met\n\n\n\u25cf\u25cf Encourage an enabling environment for increased\nself-reliance\n\n\nThese objectives are complementary: refugees\nrequire both strengthened livelihood assets and the\nopportunities to utilize those assets in an enabling\nenvironment, in order to achieve greater self-reliance in food security and nutrition. UNCHR and WFP\nwill work on both objectives in concert in order to\nachieve the overall vision.\n\n##### **OBJECTIVE 1**\n\n**Strengthen livelihoods while ensuring basic food**\n**and nutrition needs are met**\n\n\nIn order to become self-reliant in food security and\nnutrition, refugees require strengthened livelihoods\nthat enable them to meet more of their food and nutrition needs on their own in their particular context.\nIt is recognized that increasing self-reliance takes\ntime and that continued humanitarian assistance will\nprovide a critical foundation for these efforts.\n\n\n\n**Strengthen livelihoods**\n\n\nRefugees are situated in a variety of environments.\nThey are sometimes concentrated in rural camps\nand other times dispersed in urban settings. In some\ncases refugees are given the right to work; in others, they are denied the right to formally enter the\nlabour market; and in still others, there is openness\nto refugees working but a need to build the local\neconomic environment to absorb additional labour\nto ensure employment for both them and their hosts.\nRecognizing the constraints and opportunities of\ndifferent environments, UNHCR and WFP will work\nin close collaboration with host governments and\ncommunities, refugees and international development actors to identify the most viable approaches\nfor transitioning towards greater self-reliance in food\nsecurity and nutrition.\n\n\nThe approach will look at livelihoods in a holistic manner and explore different possibilities for increasing\nhuman, natural, physical, economic, and social capital\nthat are appropriate and feasible in a given context.\nIn situations with a strong enabling environment, the\nemphasis may be on financial and human capital,\nsupporting income-generating activities, offering mobile banking and micro-finance, and helping refugees\nparticipate more actively in the labor market. In other\nenvironments, the approach might be to focus on the\ndevelopment of physical capital such as roads linking\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees and host communities to markets. Even\nin seemingly constrained environments, approaches might work towards longer-term self-reliance by\nsupporting human capital through good nutrition and\neducational opportunities.\n\n\n**Provide humanitarian assistance**\n\n\nThe continued provision of adequate humanitarian food security and nutrition support is a critical\nfoundation for efforts to enhance self-reliance for\nseveral reasons. First, self-reliance in food security\nand nutrition is a longer-term, incremental process.\nHumanitarian assistance will be critical to ensuring\nthat refugees, especially the most vulnerable, are\nable to meet their food and nutrition needs. Second,\nhumanitarian assistance in the form of food or cashbased transfers can provide a safety net that permits refugees to take prudent risks to improve their\nlivelihoods. Finally, if focused on good nutrition, food\nassistance can help to build human capital through\ngreater physical and mental capacity and contribute\nto longer-term self-reliance.\n\n\nRecognizing that socio-economic links with the host\ncommunity are fundamental for building self-reliance\nand supporting integration of refugee populations,\nUNHCR and WFP will, as part of this strategy, consider the humanitarian needs of surrounding host\ncommunities who may be experiencing comparable\nlevels of food insecurity and malnutrition.\n\n\n##### **OBJECTIVE 2**\n\n**Encourage an enabling environment for increased**\n**self-reliance**\n\n\nWhile it is important to strengthen livelihood assets,\nrefugees must be able to utilize these assets in an\nenabling environment if they are to become self-reliant in food security and nutrition. UNHCR and WFP\nwill engage with governments, host communities, and\nhumanitarian and development partners to expand\nthe opportunities and reduce the constraints\nfor refugees.\n\n\n**Engage with governments**\n\n\nThe potential of UNHCR and WFP to promote refugee self-reliance depends on collaboration with\ngovernments. A supportive legal and policy framework is essential to the creation of an environment\nconducive to refugee self-reliance for food security\nand nutrition. Key provisions that contribute to promoting self-reliance include allowing employment in\nformal and informal sectors, freedom of movement,\naccess to resources such as land, financial inclusion\nand integration into national safety nets and national development plans. Yet governments may face\nchallenging dilemmas, including high unemployment\namong nationals; competition for arable land; weak\nland title management systems, and security-related\nconcerns, which make them hesitant to change the\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "existing frameworks. UNHCR and WFP have a role to\nplay in creating a space for an informed discussion\non these issues and helping governments, in a constructive manner, to think through policy options and\nthe international cooperation needed to support\ntheir choices.\n\n\n**Engage with host communities**\n\n\nTo support self-reliance in food security and nutrition,\nUNHCR and WFP will work to build positive relations\nbetween host communities and refugees to mitigating\ntensions and where possible creating \u2018win-win\u2019 situations (see Example 1). It may be possible to mitigate\ntensions in camp situations, for example, by finding\nsustainable solutions to refugees\u2019 energy needs so\nthat they no longer cut down trees in the surrounding\narea, or to compensate local communities by planting\nmore trees. Creating \u2018win-win\u2019 situations for refugee\nand host communities could involve: encouraging\ncommerce between host communities and any concentrations of refugees; using market integrated approaches for delivering assistance to refugees \u2013 such\nas cash-based transfers \u2013 that could bring economic\nbenefits to both communities; or providing livelihood\nprogrammes that involve members from both communities. These efforts will contribute to wider efforts\nto build greater cohesion between refugees and\ntheir hosts.\n\n\n\n**Engage with humanitarian and**\n**development partners**\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP will also work in partnership with\nother humanitarian and development actors to expand opportunities for refugee self-reliance in food\nsecurity and nutrition. A wider partnership will be\nmore effective in advocating for appropriate changes in the legal and policy frameworks of countries of\nasylum and for the inclusion of refugees and the regions that host them among the priorities in national\ndevelopment plans and other State and civil society\nplanning mechanisms. Working through the UNCT,\nUNHCR and WFP will also jointly advocate, where\nappropriate, for space to be created within future\nUnited Nations Development Assistance Frameworks\n(UNDAFs) for refugee self-reliance to be addressed\nin a system-wide manner, including through greater\nand more predictable international cooperation and\ninvestment in market and job growth in areas that\nhost refugees. As part of these discussions, other UN\nagencies with complementary mandates and expertise will be encouraged to align their efforts with the\nself-reliance approach. In addition, UNHCR and WFP\nwill engage the International Labour Organization\n(ILO), multilateral financial institutions such as the\nWorld Bank, and other partners to better incorporate\nrefugee issues into the design of large-scale development initiatives.\n\n\n\n**Example 1: Working with Both Refugee and Host Communities in Uganda**\n\n\nFor over five decades, Uganda has been generously hosting refugees and asylum seekers. Refugees in\nUganda have some of the best prospects for self-reliance. The challenge, however, is to convert this potential\ninto reality. UNHCR, WFP and partners have been working together to help refugees take advantage of these\nopportunities and ensure that host communities benefit too.\n\n\nIn 2014, UNHCR and WFP jointly launched a new programme to enable refugee farmers to engage more\nactively and profitably in the thriving agricultural economy found outside the refugee settlements. Having\nreceived land for cultivation by the host government, refugees are now being given training in post-harvest\nhandling and storage equipment. Farmers from the host community are also being provided with the same\nassistance. Through this more inclusive approach, UNHCR and WFP are reducing tension between the two\ncommunities and ensuring that the benefits are shared equally.\n\n\nAt the same time, UNHCR is working with the Government of Uganda, the World Bank and other partners to\nstrengthen the self-reliance and resilience of both refugees and host communities through another project,\nthe Refugee and Host Population Empowerment initiative (ReHoPE), a self-reliance and resilience strategic\nframework for refugee and host communities, which aims to facilitate the gradual transition from humanitarian\nto development programming in refugee-impacted districts. This goal will be achieved through joint analysis,\ncollective advocacy, integrated service delivery, and joint resource mobilization.\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH**\n\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP country offices will undertake a\njoint implementation approach that involves three key\nsteps: assess the self-reliance opportunities, develop\njoint plans of action, and monitor and evaluate.\n\n\n**Assess self-reliance opportunities**\n\n\nThe joint assessment of self-reliance opportunities\nwill focus on two levels: vulnerabilities and capacities\nof refugee populations, and opportunities and constraints on self-reliance in food security and nutrition\nthat exist in the current context. This will involve a\nrange of different types of assessments and analysis\nand will to the extent possible be conducted under\nthe umbrella mechanism of the Joint Assessment\nMissions (JAMs).\n\n\nRecognizing that refugee populations are not homogenous, UNHCR and WFP will work with partners\nto carry out assessments of the vulnerabilities and\ncapacities of refugee populations. In the past, all refugees received food and nutrition assistance based\non their status as refugees. Under the new approach,\nhumanitarian assistance will be targeted to vulnerable people with verified needs, maintaining a strong\nprotection focus and taking account of specific requirements and circumstances of different population\ngroups. The assessment of capacities will provide the\n\n\n**Example 2: Vulnerability-Based**\n**Targeting of Refugee Households in**\n**Chad**\n\n\nIn 2014 and 2015, UNHCR, WFP, and the\nGovernment of Chad Refugee Coordination\nAgency jointly implemented a re-profiling exercise\nof refugee households living in seven of the seventeen camps in Chad. The exercise resulted in\nrefugee households being grouped into four different categories: 1) Very Poor; 2) Poor; 3) Middleclass; and 4) Well-off. While there were challenges\nand lessons learned from the experience, assistance strategies are now being tailored according\nto the vulnerabilities and capacities of each group.\n\n\n\nfoundation for programmes to strengthen livelihood\nassets. In carrying out these assessments, UNHCR\nand WFP will use approaches recognized by the\nglobal community of practice such as the Sustainable\nLivelihoods Framework **10** and the Minimum Economic\n\n\n\nLivelihoods Framework **10** and the Minimum Economic\n\nRecovery Standards. **11** They will also ensure that\n\n\n\nRecovery Standards. **11** They will also ensure that\n\nrefugees contribute to shaping an approach to\nself-reliance that is reflective of their experiences and\naspirations and that considers the diversity of the\npopulations in terms of age, sex, and disability.\n\n\n\nAt the same time, UNHCR and WFP will reexamine\nthe broader context to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and constraints that\ncould affect the \u2018enabling environment\u2019 for self-reliance. This analysis will consider the legal and policy\ncontext in the country, which determines whether\nrefugees have the right to work, own land, move freely, and access financial services. It will also examine\nrelationships with the host communities, identifying\npossible areas of tension and opportunities for mutual benefit, and explore the potential integration of\nrefugee issues into the work of other humanitarian\nand development partners. It will also examine the\nfood security and nutrition status of host populations,\nmany of whom may be as vulnerable as refugee\npopulations.\n\n\n**Develop Joint Self-Reliance**\n**Strategies**\n\n\nAt the country level, based on a joint review of assessments through the JAMs, UNHCR and WFP will\ndevelop multi-year joint self-reliance strategies to\nguide joint efforts. The strategies will articulate context-specific pathways to self-reliance and will identify\nactivities to improve self-reliance in food security and\nnutrition including through linkages to other development plans and opportunities. Key activities will be\ndetailed in annual Joint Plans of Action (JPAs) **12** .\n\n\n\n**10.** http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf\n**11.** http://www.seepnetwork.org/minimum-economic-recovery-standards-re\n\n\nsources-174.php\n**12.** As articulated in global MOU, the Joint Plan of Action (JPA) is the\n\n\n\ncountry-level coordination and planning tool for UNHCR and WFP which\nusually follows directly from a Joint Assessment Mission (JAM).\n\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The pathways to self-reliance in food security and\nnutrition will represent a combination of strengthening\nlivelihood assets, while meeting humanitarian needs,\nand creating a more enabling environment through engagement with governments, host communities, and\ndevelopment partners (see Examples 3 and 4). The activities identified to promote self-reliance will be clear,\nspecific and linked to indicators and benchmarks that\ncan be measured to assess progress. They will take\ninto account the different vulnerabilities and capacities\nof groups within a wider refugee population and be\nadjusted to what is realistic in a particular context.\n\n\nThe joint strategies will not be created in isolation and\nwill outline linkages to other ongoing programmes that\nare being implemented by the government, UN agencies, private sector, and others in the development\nsphere. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)\nmay be able to offer technical assistance to refugee\nfarmers through its regular portfolio. In urban settings,\nUNDP and the United Nations Human Settlements\nProgramme (UN-Habitat) might have relevant\n\n\n\nprogrammes. The ILO and its State and social partners\nmay be able to assist on access to employment.\n\n\n**Monitor and Review**\n\n\nIn addition to routine monitoring and review of activities, UNHCR and WFP will conduct relevant assessments on self-reliance to inform analysis of progress\non activities. JAMs will include a review of self-reliance assessments and activities **13**, and JPAs will be\n\ndeveloped in line with the findings to ensure that any\nnecessary corrections in the approach are implemented in a timely and effective manner. Monitoring\nsystems will also be used to assess those who have\nbeen phased out of UNHCR and WFP\u2019s programmes,\nin order to ensure that their situation has not unexpectedly deteriorated and international protection\nis upheld.\n\n\n**13.** Terms of reference for JAM missions will be adjusted to reflect these\n\nfunctions.\n\n\n\n**Example 3: Application of the \u2018Graduation Approach\u2019 in Ecuador**\n\n\nSince 2014, UNHCR has been coordinating with WFP in Ecuador to implement the Graduation Approach. In\ncertain settings where both agencies are present, WFP provides food assistance, and UNHCR offers essential\nlivelihood support to refugees to prevent them from slipping back into poverty and food insecurity. In 2016, the\nGraduation Approach will be embedded into UNHCR\u2019s case management system throughout the entire country.\n\n\n**Example 4: Enhancing the Livelihood Assets of Refugee Women in South Sudan**\n\n\nIn 2015, UNHCR and WFP jointly planned a new self-reliance initiative targeting refugee women in the south-eastern part of South Sudan. Following a robust analysis of the constraints and opportunities in the local context,\nrefugee women are now being provided with a holistic package of support that is designed to enhance their:\n1) financial capital, by helping them to establish micro enterprises; 2) human capital, by providing them with financial literacy training; and 3) social capital, by forming them into savings and loans associations.\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JAMs", - "confidence": 0.7715528011322021, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "review of self-reliance assessments and activities", - "confidence": 0.9032078385353088, - "start": 239, - "end": 245 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nfarmers", - "confidence": 0.8102355599403381, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JPAs", - "confidence": 0.6343093514442444, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **GUIDING PRINCIPLES**\n\nThe Joint Strategy will be guided by the following\nprinciples:\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **The principles of humanitarian action:** UNHCR\nand WFP will uphold the principles of humanity,\nimpartiality and neutrality and will maintain their\noperational independence in accordance with\ntheir mandates. When implementing this strategy,\nthe agencies will work to ensure that no humanitarian food and nutrition needs are neglected.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **A spirit of collaboration:** UNHCR and WFP will\nwork collaboratively with each other in a manner\nthat is respectful of individual agency mandates\nand builds upon each agency\u2019s strengths. At the\nsame time, the agencies will work together to\nstrengthen relationships with the governments of\ncountries of asylum and to bring in other partners.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Results orientation:** UNHCR and WFP will work\nto demonstrate progress in promoting refugee\nself-reliance, including through the establishment\nor identification of clear, measurable indicators\nthat can be monitored and evaluated.\n\n\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Context-sensitivity:** UNHCR and WFP\u2019s efforts will\nbe country-led and will be as sensitive as possible\nto opportunities and constraints that are specific\nto the local and national context.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Accountability to affected populations:**\nThroughout this process, UNHCR and WFP will\nmake every effort to ensure that refugees are provided with relevant information, given the opportunity to participate in decision-making, and have\naccess to functioning complaints and feedback\nmechanisms.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Protection:** UNHCR and WFP will work to ensure\nthat activities aimed at enhancing refugee self-reliance are promoted in a manner that contributes\nto the protection of refugees.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Durable solutions:** The joint efforts of UNHCR\nand WFP to promote self-reliance in food security\nand nutrition will be designed to contribute to the\nlarger efforts to achieve durable solutions\nfor refugees.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **COORDINATION MECHANISMS**\n\n\n\nThe existing Global MOU between UNHCR and WFP\noutlines clear coordination commitments and mechanisms, which can be activated for the purpose of\nimplementing this strategy.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Local and country level:** In accordance with\nArticles 3.9 and 4.1 of the MOU and as outlined\nabove, coordination at the sub-national and\nnational level will take place around the existing\nJAM and JPA mechanisms. In contexts where it is\nnot immediately possible to undertake a new JAM\nor develop a new JPA, such coordination will be\ncarried out through other compatible mechanisms.\nThe country-level coordination mechanism will\nalso be responsible for contributing to some of the\nstrategic-level engagements with the country of\nasylum on refugee policy issues including employment and livelihoods.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Regional level:** In accordance with Article 4.2 of\nthe MOU, progress at the country level on JAMs\nand JPAs will be communicated to UNHCR and\nWFP\u2019s respective regional coordination structures\nat least annually. The regional-level coordination\n\n\n\nstructures will be responsible for reaching out to\nregional-level entities, such as the African Union,\nthe Arab League, the Asian Development Bank,\nand the Organization of American States and,\nwhere appropriate, making proposals regarding\nopportunities for South-South cooperation.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Global level:** In accordance with Article 4.2 of the\nMOU, two high-level meetings are held annually\nbetween UNHCR and WFP. Any issue related\nto the Joint Strategy requiring attention from a\ncorporate perspective will be escalated within\nagencies, so that they can be addressed in this\nforum. In addition, a global-level working group\nwill have responsibility for reaching out to important global-level entities, such as the Solutions\nAlliance, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee,\nand the Bretton Woods Institutions. The global-level working group will also be responsible for\ndeveloping and drafting an operational framework\nthat will accompany this Joint Strategy and which\nwill set out how the strategy is to be operationalised over the first five years.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING**\n\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP will monitor global progress on\nthe implementation of this Joint Strategy. Within\n4-6 years of the start of the implementation of this\nStrategy, an evaluation of its results will be commissioned by the evaluation mechanisms of WFP and\nUNHCR jointly. The Joint Strategy will be evaluated\non the extent to which it has contributed to a sustained improvement in refugees\u2019 ability to meet their\n#### **PARTNERSHIPS**\n\nIn order to deliver this Joint Strategy, UNHCR and\nWFP will work in partnership with a wide range of\ndifferent stakeholders including but not limited to: refugees; host communities; governments of countries\nof asylum; humanitarian and development donors;\nwider UNCTs; academic and research institutions;\n#### **ASSUMPTIONS**\n\nThe success of the Joint Strategy rests on three\nover-arching assumptions:\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Sufficient commitment from the governments of**\n**countries of asylum:** Host governments need to\nsupport the focus on self-reliance and engage in\nconstructive policy dialogue on adapting legal and\npolicy frameworks to allow for greater opportunities for refugees.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Adequate investment and flexibility from donors:**\nThe promotion of self-reliance will require a\nsignificant, upfront investment that is sustained\nfor a number of years. This will imply working\nacross the humanitarian-development nexus, and\ntherefore ensuring that the donor community\nprovides States, UNHCR and WFP with adequate,\n\n###### **LIST OF KEY ACRONYMS**\n\n\n**FAO** Food and Agricultural Organization of the\nUnited Nations\n**ILO** International Labour Organization\n**JAM** Joint Assessment Missions\n**JPA** Joint Plan of Action\n**MOU** Memorandum of Understanding\n**NGO** Non-Governmental Organization\n**UN** United Nations\n\n\n\nfood security and nutrition needs in protracted situations. In addition, a decentralised mid-term, formative\nreview will be conducted. The evaluations will serve\nthe dual purposes of accountability and learning,\nwhich will enable the agencies to make necessary\nadjustments and to share key lessons learnt with the\nwider international community.\n\n\nnon-governmental organizations and broader civil\nsociety; and the private sector. UNHCR and WFP will\nalso seek to work directly with other UN agencies, especially those specialized in protection, decent work,\ndevelopment and gender issues, in order to deliver\nthis strategy.\n\n\npredictable and multi-year financial assistance.\nThis may require actions to remove bureaucratic impediments and ensure that administrative\narrangements are supportive of the promotion of\nself-reliance in food security and nutrition.\n\n\n- **\u25cf** **Realistic expectations:** Even with the necessary\npolitical commitment and financial support, it will\nbe challenging to take forward this agenda. In\nmany countries, refugees are located in environments where infrastructure is poor, basic social\nservices are weak or absent, and where there\nare only very limited livelihood opportunities. It is\ntherefore important to have a shared recognition\nof the challenges as well as the opportunities\ngoing forward.\n\n\n**UNCT** United Nations Country Team\n**UNDAF** United Nations Development Assistance\nFramework\n**UNDP** United Nations Development Programme\n**UN-Habitat** United Nations Human Settlements Programme\n**UNHCR** United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees\n**WFP** World Food Programme\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**For more information, please contact:**\n\n\nUNHCR contact:\nOperational Solutions and Transition Section (OSTS)\nlivelihood@unhcr.org\n\n\nWFP contact:\nThe Emergencies & Transitions Unit (OSZPH)\nHQ.OSZPH@wfp.org\n\n\n\n**Front cover:** \u00a9UNHCR/Valerie Gatchell\n\n**Back cover:** \u00a9UNHCR/Jordi Matas\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a126d334-754c-334f-bb65-9edf236d507e/77843.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_214/raw/doc_214_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_214/raw/doc_214_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7ad3844560c2bc01d7cf13df0e74c39a51bdeeb0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_214/raw/doc_214_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**A\u00f1o 2009**\n\n\natenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento psicosocial, de acceso al sistema de atenci\u00f3n\na la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada; de atenci\u00f3n humanitaria de emergencia y de\nPrevenci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n a las v\u00edctimas\nde violencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero, entre otros.\n\nLa violencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero (VSBG) constituye uno de los riesgos m\u00e1s alarmantes de las mujeres en\ntodas las fases del desplazamiento\nforzado. Seg\u00fan el Informe Defensorial\nde 2008, el 15,8% de las mujeres, en\nsituaci\u00f3n de desplazamiento han sido\nv\u00edctimas de violencia sexual. De ellas,\nel 18 por ciento identific\u00f3 la violencia\nsexual como causa directa del desplazamiento. (La violencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero incluye cualquier acto\nque cause da\u00f1o o sufrimiento f\u00edsico,\nmental o sexual, la amenaza de tales\nactos, la coerci\u00f3n y otras formas de\nprivaci\u00f3n de la libertad).\n\nIncluso si no es la causa del desplazamiento, la posibilidad de que ocurra\nviolencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero es\nalta despu\u00e9s de \u00e9l, al estar expuestas\nlas mujeres a situaciones y contextos\najenos con nuevos riesgos de protec\n\n\n**Las personas desplazadas** son\nel mayor grupo de v\u00edctimas del conflicto en Colombia, y entre ellas, las\nmujeres son mayor\u00eda. Hasta noviembre de 2009, la Agencia Presidencial\npara la Acci\u00f3n Social \u2013 organismo del\ngobierno que coordina la pol\u00edtica gubernamental frente al desplazamiento\n-ha registrado m\u00e1s de 3.2 millones de\npersonas desplazadas. De ellas, cerca\ndel 83 % son mujeres, ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os.\nSeg\u00fan el s\u00e9ptimo informe de la Comisi\u00f3n de Seguimiento a la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica sobre el desplazamiento forzado,\n(de octubre 2008), el 43% de las familias desplazadas tienen jefatura\nfemenina, y en 68 de cada 100 casos,\nesas mujeres desplazadas cabeza de\nfamilia est\u00e1n solas.\n\n**Violencia de g\u00e9nero y despla-**\n**zamiento** La Corte Constitucional,\nen su Auto 092 de 2008, llam\u00f3 la\natenci\u00f3n sobre el impacto diferencial\ndel conflicto armado en las mujeres,\npero tambi\u00e9n sobre el impacto desproporcionado, tanto cuantitativo\ncomo cualitativo del desplazamiento\nforzado en ellas, y sobre el hecho de\nque una vez desplazadas enfrentan\n\n\n\ntambi\u00e9n necesidades y problemas\nespec\u00edficos por su g\u00e9nero.\n\nEl conflicto genera para las mujeres\nriegos espec\u00edficos basados en el g\u00e9nero. Entre ellos pueden destacarse cuatro: i) el riesgo de violencia, explotaci\u00f3n o abuso sexual; ii) el riesgo de\nexplotaci\u00f3n o esclavizaci\u00f3n para ejercer labores dom\u00e9sticas; iii) el riesgo\nde reclutamiento forzado de hijos e\nhijas -agravado en casos de mujeres\ncabeza de familia- ; y iv) obst\u00e1culos\nen el acceso a la propiedad de la tierra\ny en la protecci\u00f3n de su patrimonio\n(en una sociedad tradicionalmente\nmachista, las mujeres tienen m\u00e1s dificultades para probar su propiedad o\nposesi\u00f3n de tierras).\n\nLa Corte, as\u00ed como numerosos estudiosos del tema, coinciden en que el\nimpacto desproporcionado del desplazamiento sobre las mujeres se enmarca dentro de patrones estructurales de violencia y de discriminaci\u00f3n\nde g\u00e9nero en la sociedad colombiana,\nlos cuales son intensificados por la\ncondici\u00f3n de desplazamiento y se materializan en problemas para responder a sus necesidades espec\u00edficas de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5891e4e7-01c5-379f-af54-c3443b30f076/78503AF9C7BC72CE852576DD007A8187-Informe_completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A\u00f1o 2009**\n\n\nentidad del Estado colombiano encargada del dise\u00f1o de las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas destinadas para promover la equidad entre mujeres y hombres, lidera\nel proceso de dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de programas y de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica con enfoque diferencial de g\u00e9nero.\n\nACNUR ha venido apoyando a la Consejer\u00eda para lograr el goce efectivo del\nderecho a la equidad e igualdad de las\nmujeres desplazadas. Trabaj\u00f3 junto\ncon la Consejer\u00eda en el dise\u00f1o \u2013y ahora acompa\u00f1a la implementaci\u00f3n- de\nla \u201cDirectriz de Atenci\u00f3n Integral a la\npoblaci\u00f3n desplazada con Enfoque\ndiferencial de G\u00e9nero\u201d, herramienta\nde pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica que \u2013con base en\nun enfoque de derechos- busca dar\nlineamientos y se\u00f1ala acciones espec\u00edficas para lograr la atenci\u00f3n integral\na las mujeres en riesgo o situaci\u00f3n de\ndesplazamiento forzado en Colombia.\n\nLa participaci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n por parte de mujeres y sus organizaciones ha\nsido un pilar fundamental del proceso de construcci\u00f3n de la directriz.\nPara ACNUR y la Consejer\u00eda, esta\ndirectriz debe ser un instrumento para la transversalizaci\u00f3n del enfoque\nde derechos y el enfoque diferencial\nde g\u00e9nero en todas las instituciones\ndel Estado.\n\n\n\nci\u00f3n, con situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar, violencia social y explotaci\u00f3n laboral y sexual. El riesgo es mayor entre las mujeres m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes: el\n39.4% de las v\u00edctimas de violencia\nsexual reportadas son ni\u00f1as de menores de 14 a\u00f1os de edad.\n\n**\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las soluciones?**\nLos riesgos de protecci\u00f3n diferenciales y los derechos vulnerados de las\nmujeres necesitan tanto acciones concretas e integrales como cambios estructurales y soluciones duraderas.\nLas instituciones del Estado \u2013a nivel\nnacional y local- tienen el reto de incorporar el enfoque de derechos para\nla protecci\u00f3n efectiva de las mujeres\nen situaci\u00f3n de desplazamiento en las\npol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de prevenci\u00f3n,\natenci\u00f3n, y b\u00fasqueda de soluciones\nduraderas frente al desplazamiento\nforzado. Eso implica tomar en cuenta\nlas necesidades y los riesgos espec\u00edficos de las mujeres en los planes integrales \u00fanicos (PIUs) para la atenci\u00f3n\na la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada que se dise\u00f1an en muchos municipios y departamentos del pa\u00eds, pero tambi\u00e9n en planes sectoriales, planes de desarrollo, y\nen los proyectos espec\u00edficos que se\ndise\u00f1en y pongan en marcha para\nresponder al desplazamiento (por\nejemplo, el Ministerio de Agricultura,\ncon el apoyo de ACNUR, logr\u00f3 identificar y corregir algunos obst\u00e1culos\nque hac\u00edan m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil para las muje\n\n\nres competir en convocatorias de adjudicaci\u00f3n de tierras).\n\nLos trece programas para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Atenci\u00f3n diferencial a mujeres\ndesplazadas, ordenados por la Corte\nConstitucional en el Auto 092, son\nindicativos de \u00e1reas en las que se ha\ndetectado que las mujeres requieren\nrespuestas diferenciales.\n\nLa Consejer\u00eda Presidencial para la\nEquidad de la Mujer (CPEM), como\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5891e4e7-01c5-379f-af54-c3443b30f076/78503AF9C7BC72CE852576DD007A8187-Informe_completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A\u00f1o 2009**\n\n\nherramienta importante son los equipos multifuncionales y multisectoriales que ha promovido ACNUR. Estos\nEquipos son conformados por instituciones del Estado competentes en el\ntema de violencia sexual y basada en\ng\u00e9nero, as\u00ed como por organizaciones\nde mujeres y de poblaci\u00f3n desplazada, agencias de las Naciones Unidas y\nONG nacionales e internacionales que\ntrabajan alrededor de esta problem\u00e1tica. Los equipos, a trav\u00e9s de la construcci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n de rutas locales\npara la atenci\u00f3n de casos de violencia\nsexual, buscan dar una respuesta\ncoordinada, efectiva y concreta a las\nv\u00edctimas de violencia sexual.\n\nEl trabajo de ACNUR en Colombia es\nposible gracias al apoyo de varios gobiernos y agencias de cooperaci\u00f3n. El\ntrabajo de protecci\u00f3n de derechos de\nlas mujeres desplazadas y de lucha\ncontra la violencia sexual y basada en\ng\u00e9nero recibe apoyos espec\u00edficos de la\nOficina de Poblaci\u00f3n, Refugiados y\nMigraciones de los Estados Unidos\n(BPRM), la Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Cooperaci\u00f3n (AECID), y de la Generalitat Valenciana.\n\n\n\nde g\u00e9nero en todas las instituciones\ndel Estado.\n\n**\u00bfQu\u00e9 hace el ACNUR por las**\n**mujeres en situaci\u00f3n de des-**\n**plazamiento?** ACNUR aborda esta\nlabor desde tres l\u00edneas estrat\u00e9gicas: 1)\napoyando y fortaleciendo a las instituciones nacionales 2) fortaleciendo a\nlas mismas organizaciones de mujeres y organizaciones que trabajan temas de g\u00e9nero y 3) apoyando el trabajo de los \u00f3rganos de control del Estado.\n\nEl apoyo a las instituciones nacionales, departamentales y municipales en\nel dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica con enfoque diferencial\nde g\u00e9nero para las mujeres desplazadas tiene tal vez su principal expresi\u00f3n en la directriz de atenci\u00f3n integral a la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada con\nenfoque diferencial de g\u00e9nero, pero\nincluye tambi\u00e9n la asesor\u00eda a diversas\nentidades del Estado para el desarrollo de los programas solicitados por la\nCorte Constitucional, la asesor\u00eda en\ntemas de enfoque diferencial a autoridades locales y regionales, y la incor\n\n\nporaci\u00f3n de estos elementos en los\nPIUs, as\u00ed como en planes de contingencia en zonas con alto riesgo de\ndesplazamiento.\n\nEl proyecto \u201cBuscando Soluciones\nIntegrales a la Violencia de G\u00e9nero\u201d,\nen el que se trabaja en diferentes regiones del pa\u00eds con el objetivo de\nidentificar riesgos de protecci\u00f3n frente a la violencia sexual y basada en\ng\u00e9nero y tomar acciones concretas en\ntodas las fases del desplazamiento, es\nun ejemplo de fortalecimiento a las\norganizaciones de la sociedad civil y\nla poblaci\u00f3n desplazada en particular\nque trabajan este tema. Los ejemplos\nde sus acciones incluyen desde la formaci\u00f3n de \u201cgestoras en equidad de\ng\u00e9nero con \u00e9nfasis en la prevenci\u00f3n\nde violencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero\u201d en C\u00facuta, hasta capacitaci\u00f3n de\nmujeres ind\u00edgenas en el Putumayo y\nexperiencias con grupos de trabajo en\nlos que mujeres y hombres aprenden\na re-definir la masculinidad y los roles de g\u00e9nero en Putumayo, Nari\u00f1o y\nBucaramanga.\nFrente al riesgo espec\u00edfico de violencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero, una\n\n\n\nACNUR es la Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados y tiene el mandato\ninternacional de proteger a m\u00e1s de 34 millones de refugiados y desplazados en el mundo. A mediados de 1997 el Gobierno colombiano solicit\u00f3 a ACNUR respaldar sus esfuerzos de asistencia y protecci\u00f3n a la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada. ACNUR cuenta con 12 oficinas\nen Colombia, incluyendo una en Bogot\u00e1 y 11 oficinas de terreno. Para mayor informaci\u00f3n visite la p\u00e1gina: www.acnur.org - llame al ACNUR en Bogot\u00e1 al 6580600.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5891e4e7-01c5-379f-af54-c3443b30f076/78503AF9C7BC72CE852576DD007A8187-Informe_completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_215/raw/doc_215_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_215/raw/doc_215_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b4095759406706b719bcdea5a416d9f0b2a42b6a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_215/raw/doc_215_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 168**\n\n# **A surrogate state?** **The role of UNHCR in** **protracted refugee situations**\n\n**Amy Slaughter,**\nDirector of Operations,\nMapendo International\n\namygslaughter@aol.com\n\n**Jeff Crisp**\nHead, Policy Development and Evaluation Service,\nUNHCR\n\ncrisp@unhcr.org\n\nJanuary 2009\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online\nunder \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\n\u201cEstablished in 1950, UNHCR was charged by the 1951 Convention relating to the Status\nof Refugees with the protection of their interests: full political and economic rights in the\ncountry of asylum, with the hope of eventual voluntary repatriation. As a brutal testament\nto its contemporary failure, at least 3.5 million of those refugees currently struggle for\nsurvival in sprawling camps in Africa and Asia\u2026 If it was originally a guarantor of\nrefugee rights, UNHCR has since mutated into a patron of these prisons of the stateless: a\nnetwork of huge camps that can never meet any plausible \u2018humanitarian\u2019 standard, and\nyet somehow justify international funding for the agency. ~~\u201d~~ [1]\n\n\nIn an article published in the _New Left Review_, quoted in the preceding paragraph, Jacob\nStevens provides a scathing critique of UNHCR. According to his analysis, the\norganization\u2019s primary interest lies in its own size and status, and not in the welfare of the\nrefugees it is mandated to protect. By pursuing these interests, the article suggests,\nUNHCR has been complicit in the perpetuation of refugee situations that might otherwise\nhave been brought to a speedy and satisfactory end ~~.~~ [2] The analysis presented in this paper,\nwhich focuses primarily but not exclusively on Africa, where the problem of protracted\nrefugee problems has assumed the most serious dimensions, reaches a different\nconclusion.\n\n\nThe paper argues that humanitarian agencies in general, and UNHCR in particular, have\nbeen placed in the position of establishing and assuming responsibility for such\n\u201csprawling camps\u201d in order to fill gaps in the international refugee regime that were not\nenvisaged at the time of its establishment after the Second World War ~~.~~ [3] It goes on to\nsuggest that the UN\u2019s refugee agency has been limited in its ability to address the\nproblem of protracted refugee situations, mainly because of the intractable nature of\ncontemporary armed conflicts and the policies pursued by other actors, but also because\nof the other issues which the organization has chosen to prioritize and the limited amount\nof attention which it devoted to this issue during the 1990s. The paper concludes by\nexamining the organization\u2019s more recent and current efforts to tackle the issue of\nprotracted refugee situations, and identifies some of the key principles on which such\nefforts might most effectively be based.\n\n\n**Refugee-hosting countries**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s relationship with host states, and the division of responsibilities it has\nestablished with refugee-hosting states, has varied over time and differed significantly\nfrom country to country. However, certain patterns of UNHCR engagement have\nemerged in the four decades since the 1960s, when large-scale refugee movements first\nbegan to take place in Africa and other developing regions. According to the predominant\nmodel of refugee protection and assistance that has prevailed throughout that period,\nUNHCR and other humanitarian organizations have assumed a primary role in the\ndelivery and coordination of support to refugees, initially by means of emergency relief\noperations and subsequently through long-term \u2018care and maintenance\u2019 programmes.\nHost country involvement has generally been quite limited, focused primarily on the\nadmission and recognition of refugees on their territory; respect for the principle of _non-_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_refoulement_ (which prevents refugees from being returned to a country where their life or\nliberty would be at danger); and the provision of security to refugees and humanitarian\npersonnel.\n\n\nUnder the terms of this arrangement, the notion of \u2018state responsibility\u2019 (i.e. the principle\nthat governments have primary responsibility for the welfare of refugees on their\nterritory) has become weak in its application, while UNHCR and its humanitarian\npartners have assumed a progressively wider range of long-term refugee responsibilities,\neven in countries which are signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention and which are\nmembers of the organization\u2019s governing body, the Executive Committee.\n\n\nSuch tasks have included those of registering refugees and providing them with personal\ndocumentation; ensuring that they have access to shelter, food, water, health care and\neducation; administering and managing the camps where they are usually accommodated;\nand establishing policing and justice mechanisms that enable refugees to benefit from\nsome approximation to the rule of law. In these respects, it can be argued, UNHCR has\nbeen transformed from a humanitarian organization to one that shares certain features of\na state.\n\n\nHow did this situation arise? Primarily, this paper suggests, because the international\nrefugee regime was forged in the specific historical context of the late 1940s and early\n1950s, when the international community\u2019s primary concern was to address refugee\nproblems in Europe associated with the Second World War and its Cold War aftermath.\nDespite the devastation caused by conflict with Nazism and fascism, the states most\ndirectly concerned with those problems had considerable resources at their disposal. And\nin their efforts to address the refugee problem, they were assisted by the fact that large\nnumbers of refugees in and from Europe were able to find a solution to their plight\nelsewhere in the world, by means of resettlement programmes to Australia, Canada, the\nUSA, and to a lesser extent South Africa and South America.\n\n\nWhen the focus of the refugee problem shifted from Europe to the developing regions in\nthe 1960s, and when the international refugee regime was extended to those regions by\nmeans of the 1967 Protocol to the Refugee Convention, the circumstances were quite\ndifferent. On one hand, the states most directly affected by the refugee problem had\nrelatively few resources at their disposal, most of them being former colonial territories\nwith typically dependent and underdeveloped economies. On the other hand, only a small\n(and privileged) minority of the world\u2019s refugees could expect to benefit from the\nsolution of third country resettlement. This was particularly the case in Africa, which\nbetween the 1960s and 1980s witnessed a succession of major new refugee emergencies,\nbut which did not benefit from the large-scale resettlement programmes established for\nrefugees from Indo-China.\n\n\nIn the initial phase of the post-colonial period, the people and politicians of Africa\ndemonstrated a significant degree of hospitality towards people who were fleeing from\nconflict in nearby and neighbouring states. Many of the new arrivals came from countries\nthat were locked in struggles for national liberation and independence - struggles that\nreceived strong support from the countries to which they fled, and which played a central\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "role in the emergence of pan-African ideologies and the establishment of the\nOrganization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.\n\n\nSymbolizing this sense of solidarity, in 1969 the OAU established its own Refugee\nConvention, which broadened the refugee definition included in the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and made it more relevant to the political circumstances of the African\ncontinent. Thus the 1951 Convention limited refugee status to people who had left their\nown country because of \u201ca well-founded fear of persecution\u201d for reasons of race, religion,\nnationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. By way of\ncontrast, the OAU Convention stated that \u201cthe term \u2018refugee\u2019 shall also apply to every\nperson who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events\nseriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or\nnationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence.\u201d\n\n\nBy the time that the OAU Refugee Convention came into force in 1974, the political and\nmaterial conditions which had underpinned such expressions of solidarity with the\ncontinent\u2019s refugees were already being undermined. First, significant changes were\ntaking place in the number of refugees that the continent was obliged to accommodate.\nWhile there were only around a million refugees in Africa at the beginning of the decade,\nthe figure climbed inexorably in the years to come, reaching approximately six million by\nthe end of the 1980s. Throughout this period, the speed and scale of the continent\u2019s\nrefugee movements also increased, placing additional strains on the countries and\ncommunities where the new arrivals settled.\n\n\nSecond, the capacity of those countries to accommodate an ever growing number of\nrefugees was declining. While their relative prosperity in the early years of independence\nhad allowed them to exercise a degree of generosity to refugees, the newly independent\nstates of Africa now began to suffer from a wide range of interrelated ills: unfavourable\nmovements in the terms of trade for raw materials and oil, high levels of population\ngrowth combined with low rates of economic growth; the progressive introduction of\nstructural adjustment programmes that curtailed public services and employment;\nenvironmental degradation, the emergence of the HIV-AIDS pandemic; as well as the\neconomic mismanagement and political instability that were both a cause and a\nconsequence of such problems.\n\n\nThird, the refugee movements witnessed in Africa and other developing regions began to\nassume a new character. No longer the victims of liberation struggles, a growing\nproportion of the world\u2019s refugees were now forced from their homes by armed conflicts\nand power struggles taking place within (and to a lesser extent between) independent\nstates. Rather than being considered as victims of \u201cexternal aggression, occupation and\nforeign domination,\u201d refugees were increasingly regarded as a source of political\ninstability and social tension, particularly when, as a result of their nationality, ethnic\norigins or political allegiance, they were associated with one of the parties to the conflict\nwhich had forced them to flee.\n\n\nFinally, the last two decades of the 20 [th] century witnessed a growing sense amongst the\ndeveloping countries that they were obliged to bear a disproportionate share of\nresponsibility for the global refugee problem. During the Cold War years, donor countries\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "regarded generous humanitarian assistance programmes as a means of supporting client\nstates and elites, while simultaneously winning the hearts and minds of recipient\npopulations. But in the unexpectedly tumultuous period that followed the demise of the\nbipolar world, the refugee policies of donor states were, as the following section explains,\ndriven by other considerations.\n\n**The industrialized states**\n\n\nDuring the 1980s and 1990s, the industrialized states became increasingly preoccupied\nwith the task of reducing the number of people from other parts of the world who were\nseeking to enter and remain on their territory. Unable to enjoy security or sustainable\nlivelihoods in their own countries, and deprived of any opportunity to move to the\nindustrialized states in a legal and safe manner, growing numbers of citizens in Africa,\nAsia, the Middle East, Latin America and European countries outside of the European\nUnion attempted to enter the world\u2019s more prosperous states, many of them submitting\nasylum applications once they had reached their destination.\n\n\nIn response to these developments, the countries of Western Europe, North America and\nthe Asia-Pacific region introduced a vast array of measures specifically designed to\nprevent or dissuade the arrival of these would-be refugees: visa restrictions, carrier\nsanctions, interdiction and detention, limitations on social welfare and the right to work,\nas well as restrictive interpretations of the 1951 Refugee Convention.\n\n\nWhile a limited number of the industrialized states (essentially Australia, Canada and the\nUSA) continued to admit refugees by means of organized resettlement programmes, these\ncountries were the exception that proved the rule. As far as the states of the South were\nconcerned, the countries of the North had turned their back on the notion of \u2018burdensharing\u2019 (or as many humanitarian organizations prefer it to be known, \u2018responsibilitysharing\u2019), a principle which had hitherto underpinned the international refugee protection\nregime.\n\n\nSuch concerns were reinforced when the industrialized states began to express growing\ninterest in notions such as \u2018regional solutions\u2019, \u2018protection in regions of origin\u2019 and\n\u2018extra-territorial processing\u2019, all of which could be (and were) interpreted as efforts to\nensure that refugees and asylum seekers were confined to the poorer and less stable\nregions of the world that were already accommodating the vast majority of displaced and\nexiled people.\n\n\nIn this context, it was no coincidence that developing countries also began to introduce\nmore restrictive refugee policies. Confronted with the circumstances described above,\ncountries of asylum in Africa and other developing regions responded in a number of\nrelated ways: by restricting the rights of refugees on their territory, by accommodating\nthem in closed and semi-closed camps rather than open rural settlements; by depriving\nthem of opportunities to become self-reliant and to benefit from the solution of local\nintegration; and, most significantly for the analysis presented in this paper, by suggesting\nthat they would only admit and refrain from the _refoulement_ of refugees if the needs of\nsuch populations were fully met by the international community. By the mid-1990s,\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR was, as Jacobs suggests, left to run \u201ca network of huge camps,\u201d the inhabitants\nof which had little or no prospect of finding an early solution to their plight, primarily\nbecause the armed conflicts which had driven them from their homes went unresolved.\n\n\nAnd they went unresolved for two principal reasons. First, because they were\nsymptomatic of a new and intractable form of warfare that had emerged in many of the\nworld\u2019s failed and fragile states \u2013 a form of warfare in which communal identities and the\nstruggle for land and resources played a more important role than ideological differences,\nand in which militias, warlords and bandit groups replaced conventional armies and\nmilitary formations. Often described as \u2018internal armed conflicts\u2019, such wars actually\ninvolved a mixture of local, national, regional and international protagonists. This trend\nhas been witnessed most graphically in the central portion of sub-Saharan Africa, which\nfor much of the past decade has been afflicted by an interlocking series of conflicts,\nstretching from Somalia and Sudan in the east to Liberia and Sierra Leone in the west.\n\n\nA second reason for the failure to resolve such conflicts is to be found in the selective\napplication of the doctrine of \u2018humanitarian intervention\u2019. Coming to prominence in the\nyears that followed the end of the Cold War, this doctrine suggested that traditional\nnotions of state sovereignty could no longer stand in the way of international action in\nsituations where large numbers of civilians had been placed at risk by human rights\nviolations, armed conflicts and complex political emergencies. In practice, however, the\nworld\u2019s most powerful states were generally reluctant to invoke this principle in the\ndeadly conflicts that afflicted Africa. As one of the authors of this paper has pointed out\nelsewhere:\n\n\nAn instructive comparison can be made with Northern Iraq, Bosnia,\nKosovo and East Timor - four armed conflicts which produced\n(eventually) a decisive response from the world\u2019s more prosperous states,\nenabling large-scale and relatively speedy repatriation movements to take\nplace. In each of these situations, the US and its allies had strategic\ninterests to defend, not least a desire to avert the destabilizing\nconsequences of mass population displacements. In Africa, however, the\ngeopolitical and economic stakes have generally been much lower for the\nindustrialized states, with the result that armed conflicts - and the refugee\nsituations created by those conflicts - have been allowed to persist for\nyears on end. [4]\n\n\n**The role of UNHCR**\n\n\nHitherto, this paper has suggested that the world\u2019s protracted refugee situations are to a\nlarge extent the outcome of actions taken and not taken by states - both those in\ndeveloping regions that host the vast majority of the world\u2019s refugees, and those in the\nindustrialized world that play a leading role in the United Nations and the international\nrefugee protection regime.\n\n\nBut what role has been played in this scenario by the leading multilateral actor in that\nregime, namely UNHCR? The allegation made by Stevens - that the \u201cderelictions of\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u201d have actively contributed to the problem of protracted refugee situations - is\none that deserves to be taken seriously, despite the intemperate language in which it is\nwritten. It would be na\u00efve to ignore the fact that the organizational culture of the UN can\nbe one that encourages \u2018safety first\u2019 approaches that are acceptable to states, and which\nprovides inadequate incentives for the rethinking and reorientation of long-established\nactivities. It is the contention of this paper, however, that the role assumed by UNHCR in\nprotracted refugee situations is to be found primarily in other factors.\n\n\n_Competing priorities_\n\n\nAs indicated by the title of the book published by former High Commissioner for\nRefugees Sadako Ogata, the 1990s constituted \u201cthe turbulent decade\u201d for UNHCR ~~.~~ [5]\nDuring this period, throughout which she directed the organization, UNHCR was\nconfronted with three enormous and simultaneous challenges. The first was to assist with\nthe return and reintegration of the many refugees who had been forced into exile during\nconflicts that were rooted in Cold War politics, but which had now come to an end, such\nas Cambodia, El Salvador, Mozambique, Nicaragua and South Africa. The second was to\nrespond to the spate of new crises and refugee emergencies provoked by the\nunexpectedly violent nature of the post-Cold War world, including those witnessed in the\nBalkans, the Great Lakes region of Africa and West Africa. The third was to address the\nrapid growth in the number of people from poorer and less stable parts of the world who\nwere moving to and seeking asylum in the industrialized states, and who were generally\nunwanted by the receiving states.\n\n\nThe common feature of these challenges was that they all entailed movements of people \u2013\nmovements that were large, rapid and highly visible, and which therefore attracted a great\ndeal of attention from the international community and the global media. With their\nattention focused on these high-profile and highly politicized situations, UNHCR and\nother humanitarian actors were able to give less attention to protracted situations in which\nrefugees were moving in no direction, but who had effectively become trapped in longterm camps and settlements.\n\n\n_Funding_\n\n\nThe relatively low priority given to protracted refugee situations in the years that\nfollowed the end of the Cold War was reflected in and reinforced by funding patterns.\nReluctant to intervene militarily in many of the world\u2019s most serious refugee-producing\ncrises, eager to ensure that refugees and asylum seekers remained within their regions of\norigin, and under popular pressure to \u2018do something\u2019 about the emergencies that were\nbeing played out on television screens across the industrialized world, donor states were\nnow prepared to make unprecedented amounts of funding available to the humanitarian\ncommunity.\n\n\nBut relatively little of that funding was earmarked for the more stable and static refugee\nsituations that existed in Africa and other parts of the world, a problem that was in some\nsenses compounded by the fundraising and media relations strategies pursued by the\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitarian community. Images of destitute refugees seeking urgent protection and\nassistance in countries of asylum proved to be an effective means of attracting\ninternational attention and resources, as did images of exiled communities who were\ngoing home to begin a peaceful and productive life in their country of origin. By way of\ncontrast, relatively little attention was given to those refugees whose immediate past and\nindefinite future entailed the monotony of life in a camp.\n\n\n_Time for solutions?_\n\n\nA logical response to this scenario above would have been for the international\ncommunity to recognize the semi-permanence of many refugee situations in the\ndeveloping world, to assist the populations concerned to attain progressively higher levels\nof self-reliance during their time in exile, and to promote a process of local development\nthat provided opportunities and brought benefits to refugees and citizens alike. In reality,\nhowever, this approach proved very difficult to implement. [1]\n\n\nWith the number of refugees in low-income regions of the world steadily expanding,\nfrom the 1970\u2019s onwards, UNHCR made repeated efforts to promote a developmental\nand solutions-oriented approach to refugee assistance, incorporating the principles\noutlined in the preceding paragraph. Perhaps the most prominent example of such efforts\nwas to be found in \u2018ICARA 2\u2019 (Second International Conference on Assistance to\nRefugees in Africa), an initiative co-sponsored by UNHCR and UNDP in 1984, under the\nevocative slogan \u2018Time for solutions\u2019.\n\n\nBut such initiatives met with very limited success. Host governments were generally\neager to retain the visibility of the refugee populations they hosted and to discourage\nthose people from settling permanently on their territory. They consequently preferred the\nexiles to be segregated from the local population, in camps funded by donor states and\nadministered by UNHCR. They were concerned that if development aid were to be\ntargeted at refugee situations, it would lead to reduction in the level of international\nassistance available for their regular development programmes and that it would imply\ntheir agreement to the long-term or permanent settlement of the refugees concerned.\nMeanwhile, such states were still struggling to respond to a succession of new\nhumanitarian emergencies, such as that caused by the 1984 famine in the Horn of Africa,\nwhich occurred almost immediately after the ICARA 2 conference. At a time when\nmassive numbers of people were on the move and in urgent need of life-saving\nassistance, the notion of \u2018Time for solutions\u2019 began to seem very optimistic.\n\n\nThis situation was reinforced by the administrative structures to be found in most donor\nstates, which embodies a clear separation between humanitarian assistance on one hand,\nand development aid on the other. For these countries, refugee crises such as that\nwitnessed in the Horn of Africa were primarily \u2018humanitarian\u2019 in terms of their nature\nand required response. As a result, even if those crises persisted for years and transmuted\nin the process from \u2018refugee emergencies\u2019 to \u2018protracted refugee situations\u2019, they were\ngenerally addressed from the limited perspective of emergency relief.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Programme objectives and design_\n\n\nAs a result of the considerations outlined above, in the 1990s the objectives and design of\nthe world\u2019s long-term refugee programmes received relatively little attention. Indeed, the\nconcept commonly employed to describe these operations, namely \u2018care and maintenance\nprogrammes\u2019, was indicative of the rather low level of ambition which the international\ncommunity brought to the issue of protracted refugee situations during this period.\n\n\nA defining characteristic of the \u2018care and maintenance\u2019 model was the extent to which it\nendowed UNHCR with responsibility for the establishment of systems and services for\nrefugees that were parallel to, separate from, and in many cases better resourced than\nthose available to the local population ~~.~~ [6] In doing so, this model created a widespread\nperception that the organization was a surrogate state, complete with its own territory\n(refugee camps), citizens (refugees), public services (education, health care, water,\nsanitation, etc.) and even ideology (community participation, gender equality). Not\nsurprisingly in these circumstances, the notion of state responsibility was weakened\nfurther, while UNHCR assumed (and was perceived to assume) an increasingly important\nand even preeminent role.\n\n\nSome interesting evidence in this respect can be found in the work of two anthropologists\nwho worked amongst Burundian Hutu refugees in Tanzania. Undertaking research in the\nKigoma region of the country, Liisa Malkki found that the refugees lionized UNHCR and\ndemonized the Tanzanian authorities and host population, practically equating their hosts\nwith their Tutsi opponents in Burundi\u2019s civil war. In their discourse, the Hutus drew\nparallels between UNHCR and the Belgians in Burundi, perceiving them both as \u2018benign\nforeigners\u2019 that would shield them from their enemies ~~.~~ [7]\n\n\nSomewhat similar dynamics were witnessed by Simon Turner, who undertook fieldwork\namongst Burundian refugees living in Tanzania\u2019s Lukole camp. According to Turner,\nUNHCR\u2019s identity had blended with that of _wazungu_ (white people) and the international\ncommunity at large. Refugee women are quoted as saying that \u201cUNHCR is a better\nhusband,\u201d in the sense that the organization provides for the household what a Hutu man\nwould normally provide for his family. Turner goes on to argue that traditional social\nstructures often break down in this context, with UNHCR assuming the role of the\npatriarch. According to one refugee man he interviewed, \u201cthere is a change. People are\nnot taking care of their own life. They are just living like babies in UNHCR\u2019s arms. ~~\u201d~~ [8]\n\nThese circumstances created some serious dilemmas for UNHCR. If the organization was\nto compensate for the limited capacity of host states by assuming a wide range of\nresponsibilities, it could help to ensure that refugees received the protection and\nassistance to which they were entitled, but it could also absolve host states of their\ninternational obligations. But if UNHCR was to insist upon the principle of state\nresponsibility and to limit it own operational involvement in protracted refugee situations,\nhow could it safeguard the welfare of the people it was mandated to protect?\n\nAs a senior UNHCR official remarked in a personal communication with the authors,\n\u201cmany a UNHCR manager has pushed so hard to get reticent and phlegmatic\ngovernments involved in refugee administration that in the end they throw their hands up\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the air with frustration.\u201d Indeed, much of the refugee legislation adopted by host states\nin Africa and other developing regions throughout the period under review, as well as the\npractical arrangements established for protection activities such as refugee registration,\ndocumentation and status determination, are the result of UNHCR\u2019s \u2018gap-filling\u2019 efforts.\n\n\n**Recent developments**\n\n\nAs the preceding section of this paper has explained, UNHCR became involved in a\ngrowing number of protracted refugee situations during the 1990s, many of which\ninvolved the confinement of refugees to camps where they enjoyed little freedom of\nmovement and had few opportunities to establish sustainable livelihoods. For the\nmajority of people who found themselves in such situations, the options of voluntary\nrepatriation, local integration and third country resettlement all remained a distant dream.\n\n\nRegrettably, that continues to be the case for large numbers of refugees around the world.\nSince the turn of the new millennium, however, three related factors have enabled\nUNHCR and other members of the international community to become more engaged\nwith the problem of protracted refugee situations and to ask whether it can be approached\nin alternative ways.\n\n\nFirst, while a number of new refugee emergencies erupted (most notably those involving\nIraq and the Darfur region of Sudan), the scale and frequency of such crises generally\ndiminished from 2000 onwards. This trend, combined with large-scale voluntary\nrepatriation movements to countries such as Afghanistan, Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone\nand Somaliland, led to a progressive reduction in the size of the world\u2019s refugee\npopulation and enabled UNHCR to refocus its attention on issues such as protracted\nrefugee situations which had assumed a lower priority during the previous decade.\n\n\nSecond, UNHCR was confronted with growing evidence with respect to the negative\nconsequences of protracted refugee situations, especially those in which the populations\nconcerned experienced deteriorating conditions of life and could not look forward to a\nbrighter future. Refugees who found themselves in such situations were more likely to\nengage in onward movements, leaving their camps in order to take up residence in an\nurban area or to seek asylum in more distant parts of the world. They were more likely to\nbe susceptible to exploitation and to engage in negative survival strategies such as theft\nand other forms of criminality, the manipulation of assistance programmes, and by\nbecoming victims of sexual exploitation. And they were also more likely to become\nattracted to political and military movements whose activities conflicted with the strictly\nhumanitarian nature of refugee status and of UNHCR\u2019s mandate.\n\n\nThird, the issue of protracted refugee situations became the subject of new research and\nlobbying efforts, led by UNHCR. Thus in 1999, the organization\u2019s Evaluation and Policy\nAnalysis Unit launched a Protracted Refugee Situations Project which published a wide\nrange of reports and papers on this issue. This led in turn to the establishment of a webbased initiative titled the Refugee Livelihoods Network, which encouraged practitioners\nand researchers to share ideas and information on the steps that could be taken to promote\nself-reliance in long-term refugee situations ~~.~~ [9] Similar themes were subsequently taken up\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "by other organizations, including the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, which\nlaunched a vigorous \u2018anti-warehousing campaign\u2019, and by a number of academic groups\nwhich established research projects on similar themes.\n\n\nPrompted by these developments, from 2000 onwards, UNHCR began to adopt a more\nassertive and proactive role in relation to the protracted refugee situations than had been\npossible during the previous decade. A new High Commissioner, former Dutch Prime\nMinister Ruud Lubbers, launched a series of initiatives (\u2018Convention Plus\u2019,\n\u2018Development Assistance to Refugees\u2019 and \u2018Development through Local Integration\u2019) all\nof which were indicative of a new institutional focus on the durable solutions dimension\nof the organization\u2019s mandate. At the same time, UNHCR brought the issue to the\nattention of the agency\u2019s governing body, the Executive Committee, organized a special\nmeeting of African states to consider how the problem might be more effectively\naddressed, and began for the first time to collect and publish statistics on protracted\nrefugee situations.\n\n\nThese initiatives had a number of important operational outcomes. Working in\ncooperation with the governments concerned, UNHCR established a Self-Reliance\nStrategy for refugees in Uganda and launched the development-oriented Zambia Initiative\nfor refugees living in that country. The organization sought to reinforce the rights and\nimprove the material circumstances of long-term refugees in countries such as Kenya,\nTanzania and Thailand by means of a new Strengthening Protection Capacities Project.\n\n\nUnder the leadership of another new High Commissioner, Antonio Guterres, a former\nPrime Minister of Portugal, UNHCR also began to explore the opportunities for local\nintegration for refugees in areas such as West Africa, a solution that had been largely\nignored in the preceding decades. While these different initiatives have not been an\nimmediate or unqualified success, and have indeed attracted some criticism, they\nnevertheless provide some tangible evidence of a new commitment on UNHCR\u2019s part to\naddressing the problem of protracted refugee situations ~~.~~ [10]\n\n**Elements of a humanitarian strategy**\n\nNow that the plight of the world\u2019s long-term exiles has assumed a more central place on\nthe international humanitarian agenda, what can be done to formulate a more effective\nand equitable response to the issue of protracted refugee situations? The final section of\nthis paper offers some suggestions with respect to the approaches that might be pursued if\nthis question is to be answered in a positive manner.\n\n\n_Promoting interaction between refugees and local populations_\n\n\nFirst and foremost, here is a continued need to revisit established approaches to refugee\nprotection and assistance, especially the care and maintenance model, which tends to\nmaximize the role of UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations, but which\nminimizes that of host states and other actors. Ideally, exiled populations should not be\nobliged to live an isolated existence in internationally-administered enclaves, but should\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "be able to engage in positive interactions with people and communities living in the same\narea. Of course, the establishment of safe and demilitarized areas where refugees can\nbenefit from life-saving forms of protection and assistance may be required in the early\ndays of an emergency, but the negative aspects of separation often begin to outweigh the\nadvantages as time goes on.\n\n\nThe adoption of alternative approaches to the administration of protracted refugee\nsituations will not be easy. As earlier sections of this paper have suggested, large and\nlong-term refugee camps have become the norm in many parts of the world because of\nthe interacting priorities of host governments, donor states and humanitarian\norganizations. Recent advocacy efforts intended to challenge the practice of\n\u2018warehousing\u2019 have also tended to gloss over the fact that refugees themselves are\nsometimes averse to leaving their camps or to forging closer connections with the local\npopulation. Refugee camps, even if the services they offer are minimal, provide an\nimportant safety-net for many refugees, especially the more vulnerable members of the\npopulation. Remaining in a camp may also have perceived benefits for refugees who\nhope to participate in an organized resettlement or voluntary repatriation programme, as\nwell as for political activists who wish to mobilize the refugee population in support of\ntheir cause or to give their cause greater international visibility.\n\n\nDespite these constraints, a number of steps could be taken to approach the issue of\nprotracted refugee situations in a more constructive manner. The delivery of services to\nrefugees and local people could be structured in a way that avoids the establishment of\nseparate and parallel systems, thereby improving the interaction that takes place between\nthe two groups. Refugees could be offered better access to local markets for both the sale\nand purchase of goods, an approach that would boost the local economy and demonstrate\nthe positive impact of the refugees\u2019 presence. As was recognized as long ago as the\nICARA 2 conference, refugee-populated areas as a whole should be properly\nincorporated into national and local development plans, so as to avert the establishment\nof camps that are disconnected from the surrounding state and society.\n\n\nHumanitarian and human rights agencies might organize bridge-building seminars\nbetween refugee and local populations and, if necessary, conduct conflict-resolution\nsessions between the two groups. There is a common assumption that such initiatives are\nnot needed and that refugees in developing regions invariably share the language and\nculture of their local hosts. But this is not always the case. Moreover, refugees and local\npopulations may actually have complex histories and strained social or political relations\nas a result of their proximity. In such situations, a process of mutual adaptation will be\nrequired, supported by efforts to ensure that the local community is receptive to the\nrefugees\u2019 presence, and that the refugees themselves feel secure in their country of\nasylum.\n\n\nSuch efforts need not entail a great deal of expense, but they do require some initiative on\nthe part of the humanitarian community and some political will on the part of the host\ncountry authorities. Refugees in Ghana, for example, have been issued photo identity\ncards, bearing the seal of both the authorities and UNHCR. As a result, they state that\nthey feel more secure in the country and more confident in their interactions with the host\ncommunity and local officials. They also experience less harassment when they\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "encounter the police, which has facilitated their freedom of movement outside their camp\nand boosted their potential for self-reliance.\n\n\n_Supporting the role of the state_\n\n\nAs the preceding example demonstrates, UNHCR and other humanitarian actors should\nbe instrumental in supporting the role of the authorities in relation to protracted refugee\nsituations. Of course, such a role must be based on a strict respect for the principles of\nrefugee protection, and must therefore be supported by practical initiatives that encourage\nand enable host states to uphold their obligations under international and regional refugee\nlaw, as well as human rights and customary law. As noted earlier, UNHCR has a\nparticularly important role to play in the establishment of national refugee legislation that\nis in accordance with the 1951 Refugee Convention, and in supporting capacity-building\nefforts that enable the agents of the state, including the police, military, judiciary and\nlocal government officials, to adhere to such legislation. More generally, UNHCR\nshould lose no opportunity to underline the twin principles of state responsibility and\ninternational solidarity, pointing out that the latter is a necessary condition of the former\nin low-income countries with significant refugee populations.\n\n\nHumanitarian actors could play a more active role in ensuring that relevant stakeholders\nunderstand the responsibilities and authority of the state which has admitted them to its\nterritory. The ubiquity of UNHCR\u2019s personnel, offices, vehicles and logo in many longterm refugee camps often leads to confusion on this matter, a situation exacerbated by the\nfact that many government assets also carry the prominent inscription, \u2018donated by\nUNHCR\u2019. When coupled with the physical separation of refugee camps, it is hardly\nsurprising that refugees, local people and government officials should perceive such\nlocations as extra-territorial entities, administered by an international organization with\ngreater visibility, resources - and even legitimacy - than the state.\n\n\nRecognizing the difficulties and dangers associated with this situation, in 2003, Kenya\u2019s\nnewly appointed Home Affairs Minister Moody Awori referred to the \u201chands-off refugee\npolicy\u201d pursued by the previous administration, observing that this approach \u201ccaused\nmore harm to our hospitable people.\u201d \u201cIt should,\u201d he said, \u201cbe the responsibility of the\nGovernment to undertake refugee issues seriously.\u201d [11] In many countries, the failure of\ngovernments to \u201cundertake refugee issues seriously\u201d has been based on an assumption\nthat exiled populations do not strive to meet their own needs and invariably have\ndamaging consequences for the local economy, environment and security, and that to\navert such outcomes refugees should be induced to return to their country of origin, even\nif it is not safe for them to do so.\n\n\nRather than reinforcing such assumptions by references to the \u2018dependency syndrome\u2019\nand the \u2018negative impact\u2019 of refugee movements, UNHCR and its humanitarian partners\nshould challenge and change them by means of public and private advocacy efforts. In\nthis respect, the collection and analysis of empirical data is essential. UNHCR could, for\nexample, devote more effort to supporting research on the efforts that refugees make to\nestablish their own livelihoods, on the difficulties that they encounter in this process, and\non the opportunities that are opened up when host government policies provide refugees\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with greater freedom of movement, better access to land and increased opportunities to\nengage in the local economy.\n\n\n_Communicating UNHCR\u2019s capacities and limitations_\n\n\nEfforts to reorient UNHCR\u2019s role in protracted refugee situations must also, as one of the\norganization\u2019s staff members has suggested, be based on \u201ca clear statement of the limits\nof humanitarian action.\u201d Such an approach, he goes on to suggest, \u201cmay help\ngovernments understand (and even assume) their political responsibilities.\u201d [12] If it is to\npursue such an approach and is to engage in the careful management of the expectations\nplaced on it, UNHCR must recognize the dangers of overstating its own capabilities. In\nthe competition for \u2018brand recognition\u2019 and \u2018market share\u2019, UNHCR has emphasized the\nextent to which the world\u2019s refugees rely on the services which it provides. Given the\nrealities of humanitarian funding, UNHCR will have to tell both sides of the story. The\norganization should underline its strengths and successes, while simultaneously\nacknowledging its limitations and emphasizing the need for other actors to play their part\nin addressing the problem of protracted refugee situations.\n\n\nSuch efforts should be directed not only at host governments, donor states and the\ninternational media, but also at refugees themselves. In many long-term refugee\nsituations, there is an information vacuum which breeds misinformation and inflated\nexpectations. It should become a high priority for UNHCR to communicate\nsystematically and clearly to refugees the terms of their rights, entitlements, obligations\nand future options, as well as the extent to which the organization can realistically\nsupport them in these respects.\n\n\n_Working with other actors_\n\n\nIn order to address the outsized role of UNHCR in protracted refugee situations, there\nmust be a broader recognition that the organization is not the only member of the\nhumanitarian community or the UN system that has a substantive role to play in this area.\nWhen people flee from their own country, cross an international border and acquire the\nstatus of refugee, they naturally become of direct and immediate concern to UNHCR. But\nin becoming refugees, they do not cease to be of concern to other actors within and\noutside the UN - actors whose mandate and activities lie in areas other than humanitarian\nrelief, such as socio-economic and community development, education and training,\nagriculture and micro-finance. The search for effective responses to protracted refugee\nsituations should not be regarded as the fiefdom of UNHCR, but as a responsibility to be\nshared with - and amongst - these other actors.\n\n\nHitherto, UNHCR\u2019s ability to engage with these other actors has been limited ~~.~~ [13] As\nexplained in an earlier section of this paper, this is partly because of the artificial way in\nwhich the international aid machinery is structured. But it also derives from UNHCR\u2019s\nmandate-driven preference to retain the leading role in refugee situations. Thus when the\nUN\u2019s Emergency Relief Coordinator established an ambitious process of humanitarian\nreform in 2005, designed to establish a better coordinated response and a more effective\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "division of labour amongst the organizations concerned, UNHCR successfully insisted\nthat refugee situations be excluded from the exercise.\n\n\nUNHCR has an obligation to uphold its protection mandate, and thus has a legitimate\nconcern to avoid any coordination arrangements that might compromise that mandate. At\nthe same time, the organization cannot act in isolation from the rest of the UN system and\nhumanitarian community. The humanitarian reform initiative has already led to a new\ninter-agency coordination model in non-refugee emergencies, whereby designated\norganizations within and outside the UN assume responsibility for specific sectors or\n\u2018clusters\u2019. UNHCR has agreed to lead three of those clusters (protection, camp\nmanagement and camp coordination, and emergency shelter) in situations involving\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs). If the Cluster Approach really does enable the\ninternational community to pool and deploy its resources more effectively in IDP\nsituations, then perhaps a similar arrangement could be established in relation to refugees,\nthereby enabling a wider range of actors to be involved in the search for solutions to their\nplight ~~?~~ [14]\n\n\nThe dynamics of the UN system would appear to be pointing in that direction. In addition\nto the introduction of the Cluster Approach, there is growing international support for the\n\u2018One UN\u2019 concept, which requires the different United Nations agencies to function in a\nmore integrated manner at the country level, with a common programme and budgetary\nframework. At the same time, the UN has become increasingly committed to the\nestablishment of \u2018integrated missions\u2019 in war-affected and post-conflict situations,\nbringing together the humanitarian, human rights, development, peacekeeping and\npolitical functions of the world body under the overall authority of the Secretary-General.\nThese developments have an evident relevance to the task of resolving the problem of\nprotracted refugee situations, both in supporting countries of asylum that have large\nnumbers of refugees on their territory, and in supporting countries of origin from which\nthose people have fled, and to which many will eventually return.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ENDNOTES**\n\nThis paper also appears in _Protracted Refugee Situations: Political, Human Rights and Security_\n_Implications_ **,** edited by Gil Loescher, James Milner, Edward Newman and Gary Troeller, UNU Press,\n2008.\n\n\n1 Jacob Stevens, \u2018Prisons of the stateless: the derelictions of UNHCR\u2019, _New Left Review_, no. 42,\nNovember-December 2006.\n\n\n2 An incisive rejoinder to Stevens can be found in Nicholas Morris, \u2018Prisons of the stateless: a response to\nNew Left Review\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, no. 141, UNHCR, Geneva, April 2007.\n\n\n3 In addressing these issues, the paper draws upon the analysis presented in Jeff Crisp, \u2018No solutions in\nsight: the problem of protracted refugee situations in Africa\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, no. 75,\nUNHCR, Geneva, January 2003, and Jeff Crisp, \u2018Refugees and the Global Politics of Asylum\u2019, in Sarah\nSpencer (ed.) _The Politics of Migration_, Blackwell, Oxford, 2003.\n\n\n4 Jeff Crisp, \u2018No solutions in sight\u2019, op cit, p. 3.\n\n\n5 Sadako Ogata, _The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s,_ Norton, New York,\n2005 _._\n\n\n6 The earliest and most persistent critic of this model has been Barbara-Harrell-Bond. See _Imposing Aid:_\n_Emergency Assistance to Refugees_, Blackwell, Oxford, 1986.\n\n\n7 Liisa Malkki, _Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and the National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in_\n_Tanzania,_ University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996.\n\n\n8 Simon Turner, \u2018Angry young men in camps: gender, age and class relations among Burundian refugees in\nTanzania\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, no. 9, UNHCR, Geneva, June 1999, p. 6.\n\n\n9 For details of both initiatives, see http://www.unhcr.org/research/3b850c744.html.\n\n\n10 See, for example, the critique of Development Assistance to Refugees and the Uganda Self-Reliance\nStrategy in \u2018Giving out their daughters for their survival: refugee self-reliance, vulnerability and the\nparadox of early marriage\u2019, Working Paper no. 20, Refugee Law Project, Kampala, Uganda, April 2007\n(no author cited).\n\n\n11\nKurgat Marindany, \u201cGovt: Refugees Starving Due to Iraq War,\u201d Eritrean News Wire, 16 April 2003\n(http://eri24.com/news2990.htm).\n\n\n12 Nicholas Morris, \u2018Protection dilemmas and UNHCR\u2019s response: a personal view from within UNHCR;,\n_International Journal of Refugee Law_, vol. 9, no. 3, 1997, p. 497.\n\n\n13 For a more detailed examination, see Jeff Crisp, \u2018Mind the gap! UNHCR, humanitarian assistance and\nthe development process\u2019 _, International Migration Review_, vol. 35, no. 1, 2001.\n\n\n14 UNHCR\u2019s reservations with respect to such proposals are expressed in \u2018Humanitarian reform and\nUNHCR\u2019s refugee mandate: a policy guidance note\u2019, UNHCR, Geneva, September 2008.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06ed24df-9c95-30ba-9684-8691ba8a2e1d/7E65CE2A272CFFCD8525759E00580767-unhcr-jan2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_216/raw/doc_216_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_216/raw/doc_216_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a7a392cae7b4b1d7617032ba96ed9fa3f8de61fb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_216/raw/doc_216_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER\nFOR REFUGEES\n\n\n**SUMMARY REPORT OF THE INQUIRY**\n**INTO THE DEATHS OF THREE UNHCR STAFF MEMBERS**\n**IN ATAMBUA, INDONESIA, ON 6 SEPTEMBER 2000**\n\n\nInspector General\u2019s Office\n8 December 2000\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n\n1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1\n\n\n2. BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................. 1\n\n\n3. SEQUENCE OF KEY EVENTS....................................................................................... 3\n\n\n4. ANALYSIS OF KEY ELEMENTS.................................................................................... 4\nThree central questions.................................................................................................... 4\n(1) UNHCR's presence in West Timor........................................................................... 5\nConclusions on question (1) ..................................................................................... 5\n\n\n(2) UNHCR\u2019s presence in Atambua .............................................................................. 6\nSuspension of UNHCR operations................................................................... 6\nHow others viewed UNHCR\u2019s approach to security ....................................... 7\nAfter the suspension ......................................................................................... 7\nResumption of UNHCR operations.................................................................. 8\nStaff presence in West Timor............................................................................ 8\nThreats and problems in Kupang..................................................................... 9\nPrecautions taken for Atambua ...................................................................... 10\nApproaches to security ................................................................................... 10\nThreat assessments.......................................................................................... 11\nConclusions on question (2) ................................................................................... 11\n\n\n(3) UNHCR\u2019s presence in the office in Atambua on 6 september............................... 12\nCritical event................................................................................................... 12\nThe response ................................................................................................... 12\nThe reaction in Kupang.................................................................................. 14\nThe attack and evacuation .............................................................................. 15\nFurther attacks................................................................................................. 15\nWarnings......................................................................................................... 16\nConclusions on warnings....................................................................................... 16\nOptions and assessments................................................................................ 17\nConclusions on question (3) ................................................................................... 17\n\n\n5. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................. 18\n\n\n6. RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................ 18\n\n\n7. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS ............................................................................... 20\n\n\nANNEX : Abbreviations and map\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n1. Three UNHCR staff members - Mr Samson Aregahegn (Supply Officer), Mr\nCarlos Caceres-Collazo (Protection Officer), and Mr Pero Simundza (Telecommunications\nOperator) - were killed in Atambua, Belu District, Nusa Tenggara Timor (NTT) Province,\nIndonesia when the UNHCR office there was attacked on 6 September, 2000.\n\n\n2. The terms of reference for an internal inquiry were promulgated on 28 September.\nThe inquiry was to: establish the sequence of events; establish the context in which events\nunfolded, how this was interpreted, what actions and decisions were taken and with\nwhat consequences; and draw conclusions and make recommendations accordingly. The\nfocus of the inquiry was to be the actions and responses of UNHCR. Identifying the\nperpetrators of the crime was outside its scope. The Inspector General was to conduct the\ninquiry and to decide the composition of a team to assist him. A summary of the report\nto the High Commissioner was to be prepared: this is that summary.\n\n\n3. In addition to Mr Nicholas Morris, the UNHCR Inspector General, the inquiry\nteam comprised Mr Luc Stevens from his office and Ms May Bagasao and Mr Pierre\nObuchowicz. Ms Bagasao is one of the founders of the Manila-based NGO Community\nand Family Services International (CFSI). Mr Obuchowicz is an independent consultant,\nwho worked for ICRC for 13 years.\n\n\n4. The inquiry team visited Jakarta, Denpasar, Dili, and Manila between 14 October\nand 2 November, and worked in Geneva thereafter. The team did not visit West Timor,\nwhich was in security phase 5 (evacuation), but met officials from West Timor in\nDenpasar. In the course of the inquiry, the team interviewed over 110 colleagues and\nstaff of other UN organizations and NGOs, as well as members of the diplomatic\ncommunity in Jakarta. Over 100 of these interviews were face-to-face, a few were by\ntelephone, and some information was obtained through e-mail exchanges.\n\n\n5. With the exception of those killed, who are identified by their given names herein\n(i.e., as Carlos, Pero and Samson), colleagues are identified by their functional title.\nWhere appropriate because of frequent references, this is abbreviated for convenience\nafter the first usage. A key to abbreviations is provided at Annex, with a map. In\nreferences to interviews, \u201cTeam\u201d is used for one or more members of the inquiry team.\nAll members participated in some key interviews; others were conducted by one or more\nof the team. The term \u201cmilitia\u201d is used to describe East Timorese who used violence\nagainst refugees and others (in interviews with the team, those who attacked the UNHCR\noffice were described as \u201cmilitia\u201d). All dates are in the year 2000 unless otherwise\nindicated. Times are in the 24-hour, four figure format.\n\n\n**2. BACKGROUND**\n\n\n6. In September 1999, over 250,000 persons were deported or fled from East Timor,\nthe great majority to West Timor. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia\n(henceforth, \"the Government\") invited UNHCR to conduct humanitarian activities in\nresponse to this crisis and a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the\nGovernment and UNHCR was signed on 14 October 1999. Its provisions included\ncommitments by the Government to ensure: \u201cfree and unimpeded access along with\nsecurity arrangements\u201d to the displaced East Timorese for UN staff and partners; \u201cthe\ncivilian character of all the displaced people\u2019s settlements\u201d; and \u201cthat the displaced\n\n\nPage 1 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "people can, on the basis of a well-informed decision, choose free from any form of\nintimidation or threat, to either voluntarily return to East Timor or to remain temporarily\nor permanently in Indonesia\u201d.\n\n\n7. In cooperation with the Government, UNHCR was to organize the safe and\nvoluntary repatriation of those who so chose. The Government was to take the necessary\nmeasures \u201cfor the safety and security of the repatriating displaced persons\u201d. For those\nwho wished to remain in Indonesia, UNHCR was to \u201cprovide assistance programmes in\norder to facilitate their swift integration and to support receiving communities.\u201d In\ncooperation with the Government as well as with other UN agencies and international\nand national NGOs, UNHCR was to launch an emergency care and maintenance\nprogramme. The MOU noted that, in \u201cthe context of independently ascertaining the free\nchoice of all the displaced people \u2026 and with a view to facilitating their return and\nreintegration in East Timor, UNHCR intends to undertake a registration / verification\nprogramme.\u201d\n\n\n8. UNHCR established a sub-office in Kupang, the capital of West Timor, and a field\noffice in Atambua and later opened offices in Betun and Kefa. UNHCR operations in\nboth East and West Timor were the responsibility of the UNHCR Regional\nRepresentative in Jakarta (RR) until the end of 1999, when the operation in East Timor\nbecame independent, with the Chief of Mission reporting directly to the Regional\nDirector at Headquarters.\n\n\n9. By the end of 1999, over 125,000 persons had repatriated to East Timor from West\nTimor. By September 2000, the number of repatriates exceeded 165,000, the great\nmajority of whom had returned with the assistance of UNHCR and its partners. Some\n120,000 were thought to remain in West Timor, and it was understood that the majority\nof them would wish to repatriate if conditions allowed.\n\n\n10. While the MOU in theory provided the necessary framework for resolution of the\nproblem, the reality in West Timor was very different. Militia groups had been directly\nresponsible for the violence and intimidation in East Timor leading up to and\nimmediately after the vote for independence (\u201cPopular Consultation\u201d) on 30 August\n1999, whose result was announced on 4 September 1999, and for the large-scale\ndeportations thereafter. The militia groups maintained links with the security forces and\nauthorities in West Timor, and exercised significant control over the East Timorese\nrefugees in camps there. They, like the umbrella political group UNTAS, rejected the\nresults of the popular consultation and were more or less violently opposed to\nrepatriation, and thus to a key UNHCR objective: free and informed choice. They saw\nUNHCR not as an impartial humanitarian organization but as indistinguishable from the\nUN and the international military force (INTERFET) perceived as having stolen East\nTimor from Indonesia.\n\n\n11. From the start of UNHCR\u2019s engagement in West Timor, this hostility was\nmanifested in serious security incidents affecting both international and national staff\nand refugees who wished to repatriate. The reaction to these incidents showed that the\nauthorities did not ensure security and respect of the provisions of the MOU. The\nIndonesian army (TNI) was seen as more likely to provide security than the police, but\nthere were many incidents where it appeared that the militias were dictating the\noutcome.\n\n\nPage 2 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12. In these circumstances, the repatriation of over 125,000 persons in the last quarter\nof 1999 was a very considerable achievement, and one that involved significant risks. It\nalso helped confirm a perception that UNHCR attached much higher priority to\nrepatriation than to the welfare of those who might not elect to return. As a result,\nUNHCR\u2019s partners in West Timor increasingly came to view close association with\nUNHCR as a liability for their own security and programmes. Those who were\ndelivering assistance in the camps but who were not linked to UNHCR and repatriation\nhad fewer problems with access and insecurity than UNHCR. While UNHCR has\nexperience of operating in conflict situations where the parties each perceive UNHCR as\nhelping their opponent(s), UNHCR has had little experience of operating in situations\nwhere it is itself a significant source of insecurity for its partners.\n\n\n13. Within the management of the operation, there was increasing acknowledgement\nthat the future of the operation in West Timor needed critical review. Following a\nmission by the Director of the Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific (DRB), on 25 July\nthe RR wrote a letter to the Government that made continuation of UNHCR activities in\nWest Timor conditional on the adoption by the Government of appropriate measures in\nthe areas of: security for humanitarian personnel and the refugees in camps; action\nagainst those who perpetrated violence against them; unimpeded access to the refugees;\nregistration/verification; and the separation of refugees from non-refugees. The letter\nnoted that in \u201cthe absence of such measures and an attendant improvement in the\nsituation by October, UNHCR will be reluctantly forced to re-assess its presence and its\nactivities in West Timor\u201d.\n\n\n14. On 31 July, the Government announced that the refugee camps in West Timor\nwould be closed and on 3 August officials briefed the UN community in Jakarta on a\nproposal to resolve the refugee problem through a combination of voluntary repatriation,\ncamp closure (starting with border camps) and the settlement of those who wished to\nremain away from the border. In the following weeks, UNHCR and its partners,\nincluding UNTAET (UN Transitional Administration for East Timor), had to focus\nconsiderable attention on this proposal. Meetings were held in Geneva, Jakarta and Dili;\non 30-31 August, the implications were reviewed at an inter-agency meeting in Denpasar,\nBali.\n\n\n**3. SEQUENCE OF KEY EVENTS**\n\n\n15. In order to provide an overview and a quick reference to important events, these\nare set out in tabular form below.\n\n\n17/06/00 HOK is mobbed during visit to Noelbaki camp with Indonesian civilian, TNI and\npolice officials. Militia leader Eurico Guterres resolves the situation. UNHCR\nassistance interrupted from 18 to 30 June.\n30/06/00 Initial agreement on Integrated Security Task Force for Kupang area with\nGovernor\u2019s office, TNI and police.\n11/07/00 Betun incident: militia in certain key camps disrupt registration operation.\nPostponement of registration and subsequently closure of Betun office.\n23/07/00 Militia attack on UNTAET patrol in East Timor. A New Zealand soldier is killed.\n24/07/00 First session of the tribunal in Kupang considering case against Eurico Guterres.\nSome 1,000 militia in town. Kupang office closed.\n25/07/00 RR sends letter to Government effectively setting conditions for continuing\nUNHCR operations and an October deadline.\n\n\nPage 3 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "26/07/00 Second session of Kupang tribunal. Demonstration at the Attorney General\u2019s\nOffice. Kupang office temporarily evacuated.\n31/07/00 Government announces intention to close refugee camps in West Timor.\n01/08/00 UNHCR and IOM agree to suspend all repatriation activities in West Timor until 5\nSeptember, following an escalation in the number of serious security-related\nincidents involving refugee repatriation.\n06/08/00 Militia attack on UNTAET patrol in East Timor. A Nepalese soldier is killed.\n07/08/00 Meeting in Kupang between HOK and Atambua staff to discuss security in their\narea of operation.\n11/08/00 Demonstrations in Atambua outside UNHCR and IOM offices by Aitarak militia.\nMilitia reportedly threatened to attack the UNHCR Atambua office the following\nday.\nSMT meeting in Jakarta (HOK participated) agrees to recommend security phase 4\nin Belu District.\n12/08/00 Atambua Office closed for one day in response to planned major demonstration\nagainst arms seizures by militias from Betun area, all but two international staff\nevacuated to Kupang.\n17/08/00 _Indonesian Independence Day_ - UNHCR staff attend official ceremonies in\nAtambua and Kupang.\n22/08/00 Attack on 3 UNHCR staff in Naen camp, Kefa.\n23/08/00 Decision taken to suspend UNHCR operation in West Timor.\n24/08/00 RR, AHOK and HOA announce suspension in Jakarta, Kupang and Atambua.\n24/08/00 Security phase 4 for Belu district announced by UNSECOORD.\n27//8/00 _25_ _[th]_ _anniversary of Portuguese withdrawal from East Timor_\n29/08/00 Decision to resume UNHCR operations in West Timor.\n30/08/00 _First anniversary of Popular Consultation in East Timor (\u201cCondolence Day\u201d)_\nUNHCR sitrep 17-30 August: \u201cAt the time of writing this report, UNHCR received\na report that the militia demonstrations will continue until 5 September, and will\nincrease in their vigour\u2026\u201d\n04/09/00 _First anniversary of announcement of results of Popular Consultation in East_\n_Timor_ - UN Kupang staff temporarily relocated to the Kristal Hotel there in view of\nexpected demonstration.\n05/09/00 _First anniversary of a massacre by Laksaur militias in Suai, East Timor_\n1930 - HOA hears that Laksaur militia leader Olivio Mendon\u00e7a has been murdered\nnear Besikama (Betun area). UNHCR Field Officer calls CFSI and requests NGO to\ncancel a visit the following day to Betun and to several refugee camps.\n06/09/00 1219 - Attack on UNHCR office in Atambua.\n\n\n**4. ANALYSIS OF KEY ELEMENTS**\n\n\nThree central questions\n\n\n16. Against the wider background set out above, three questions appear of central\nimportance:\n\n\n(1) why was UNHCR operating in West Timor;\n(2) why were so many staff in Atambua in early September; and\n(3) why were so many staff in the office compound at the time of the attack?\n\n\nThese three questions are used as the frame for the analysis and assessments below that\nunderpin the conclusions of the inquiry. Summary conclusions are highlighted in bold\nitalics.\n\n\nPage 4 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**(1)** **UNHCR\u2019s presence in West Timor**\n\n\n17. Many of the potential problems and dangers were already known in September\n1999. The first question therefore is whether UNHCR had a realistic option not to engage\nin West Timor in the first place. The team does not believe such an option existed. On\nthe one hand, this was a refugee problem for which UNHCR had a mandated\nresponsibility. On the other hand, its timely and satisfactory resolution was of critical\nimportance to the unique action being undertaken by the UN to bring a new state, East\nTimor, into existence and to sustainable independence.\n\n\n18. The level of security risks was, however, very high in the initial months of the\noperation, and in a sense became the benchmark reference thereafter. At a meeting in\nKupang in October 1999 attended by the RR the risks were discussed. It was recognized\nthat these were high, but so were the humanitarian imperatives. Many refugees were\nvery frightened and anxious to return to East Timor as soon as possible: they made their\nown voluntary repatriation registration lists for UNHCR, sent messages through the\nchurch and came to the UNHCR office in Atambua begging for help to repatriate.\n\n\n19. With UNHCR\u2019s initial engagement in any event a reality, the question becomes\nwhether by September 2000 this engagement was still justified. By then, the nature of the\nrisks and the realities behind the promises of security were starkly apparent. In July,\nforce and threats had resulted in the cancellation of the major registration operation that\nUNHCR saw as a key to ensuring both a free choice for the refugees on their future and a\nproper distribution of assistance. Many saw this as an important defeat that emboldened\nthose opposed to UNHCR and its objectives. The Betun office had to be closed\nprematurely. Some of UNHCR's partners, for example the churches, were for the first\ntime directly threatened as a result of their identification with the registration, and thus\nwith UNHCR. At a meeting on 1 August in Atambua between UNHCR and the\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM), the Head of the UNHCR office in\nKupang (HOK - who was absent on leave from mid-August) decided to suspend\nrepatriation until early September, and that UNHCR should generally adopt a low profile\nin West Timor.\n\n\n_**Conclusions on question (1)**_\n\n\n20. However, given UNHCR's mandate and short of a serious security incident that\nwould have justified withdrawal, _**it seems unlikely that UNHCR would have been able to**_\n_**take and sustain a decision to withdraw completely**_ . The Government\u2019s camp closure\nplan had put a new dynamic in play, and could have created a situation in which the\nneed for a UNHCR presence would be greatly increased, with major potential protection\nproblems.\n\n\n21. These and other key questions should have been under constant review by\nUNHCR as the situation evolved. _**There was however a major weakness**_ in UNHCR\u2019s\nability to ensure this was done. Responsibility was divided between the RR in Jakarta\nand the Chief of Mission for East Timor in Dili. While the DRB had overall responsibility\nand made frequent missions to the region, he had many other responsibilities. _**There was**_\n_**no single senior UNHCR staff member within the region with sole and full-time**_\n_**responsibility for decisions affecting both East and West Timor**_, yet the inter-linkages\nwere evident to all. None of the measures to compensate for this critical failing was\nsatisfactory, and it left UNHCR without an experienced field manager with single clear\nvision of an operation that was as complex politically as it was dangerous operationally.\n\n\nPage 5 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Such a manager would probably have recommended maintaining UNHCR\u2019s presence in**_\n_**West Timor, but he or she would have been expected to keep the size and nature of that**_\n_**presence under close review.**_\n\n\n**(2)** **UNHCR\u2019s presence in Atambua**\n\n\n22. It should first be noted that in the days before the murder of a militia leader on 5\nSeptember, observers generally considered the security risks greater in Kupang than in\nAtambua. The justification for a continuing presence in Atambua had been discussed\nwithin West Timor on a number of occasions since the cancellation of registration and the\nclosure of the Betun office in mid-July and the 1 August decision to suspend the\npromotion of repatriation and adopt a low profile in West Timor until early September.\nIt has been reviewed by the HOK in Kupang on 7 August at a meeting also attended by\nAtambua staff and the Head of IOM, Kupang. Two events in August put this question\ninto sharper focus. On 11 August a largely peaceful protest in front of the UNHCR office\nin Atambua turned more threatening at the IOM office (which had been warned of\nimpending trouble by UNHCR). While the protest was contained, there were reports of\nan unrelated demonstration planned for 12 August by some 1,500 militia from the Betun\narea in protest against the confiscation of weapons (apparently linked to the murder of an\nUNTAET soldier). The UNHCR FSA on mission from Dili (FSAD) recommended\ntemporary evacuation of all staff bar himself and Pero, who spent the day in the TNI\nsector compound. When the Head of the UNHCR Atambua office (HOA) returned from\nleave on 16 August he thus found most of his international staff in Kupang.\n\n\n23. At a UN Security Management Team (SMT) meeting in Jakarta on 11 August, the\nArea Security Coordinator in West Timor (who, since February, was the HOK) proposed\nmoving the security phase from 3 to 4 in Belu district and informing the Government that\nall non-essential staff would be pulled out. This proposal was accepted by the SMT. On\n24 August, UNSECOORD advised all agencies that phase 4 was in immediate effect for\nBelu district, with Kupang remaining in phase 2 and the rest of West Timor in phase 3\n(the recommendation was apparently only sent by the DO on 24 August).\n\n\n24. On 22 August, the Head of the UNHCR Kefa office and two of his national\ncolleagues were attacked in Naen camp near Kefa (the Kefa office reported to Atambua\nsome 80 km by road to the north-east). The circumstances of the attack suggest that it\nwas pre-planned, though it is not clear whether this was an isolated incident linked only\nto the perpetrators, or part of something more sinister. There was, however, general\nagreement within UNHCR in West Timor that it appeared to cross a line between what\nhad hitherto been limited to serious, sometimes violent, intimidation and actual bodily\nharm to international staff. The FSA from Kupang (FSAK) was by chance on route to\nKefa and was able to provide a swift and full debriefing and account of the incident,\nwhich was immediately reported to Kupang, Jakarta and Geneva, as well as to colleagues\nin East Timor.\n\n\n_Suspension of UNHCR operations_\n\n\n25. The following day, 23 August, a decision was taken by the Assistant High\nCommissioner in Geneva to suspend \u201caid operations for East Timorese refugees in\nIndonesia\u2019s West Timor province\u201d, to quote the UNHCR press release of that date.\nUNHCR intended the suspension to be a clear message to the Indonesian authorities that\nstaff safety could not be compromised.\n\n\nPage 6 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "26. The decision was not discussed with the acting Head of the UNHCR office in\nKupang (AHOK - the Senior Protection Officer had this responsibility from mid-August,\nduring the absence on leave of the Head) or with the HOA, who learnt of it from the\ninternational media, as did UNHCR\u2019s implementing partners. Both the decision and the\nmanner in which it was taken brought strong protests from UNHCR\u2019s UN and NGO\npartners. All felt that there should have been prior consultation, and some felt that the\ndecision itself was hasty, not necessarily justified, and could jeopardize their own\nsecurity and relations with the refugees in the camps. While all direct partners in the\nfield agreed to support an initial suspension, several made it clear that they planned to\nresume their own activities in West Timor on Monday 28 August.\n\n\n_How others viewed UNHCR\u2019s approach to security_\n\n\n27. In general, it appears that at this time UNHCR\u2019s partners viewed UNHCR in West\nTimor as taking security concerns seriously, and appreciated the practical support - for\nexample with communications - they received from UNHCR. Some partners felt that\nUNHCR was prone to over-react. This was not so much because these partners did not\nsee the risks as because these risks were greater for UNHCR. The security incidents that\nled to increased security controls by UNHCR were largely linked to the hostility towards\nUNHCR, and many of the partners were able to work more or less normally in the\ncamps. The controls introduced by UNHCR in Atambua (and Kupang) that required\nnotification of all partners\u2019 planned movements to the camps the previous afternoon\n(UNHCR thereafter informed the TNI and police), and that limited working hours in the\ncamps to 0900-1500, were seen as unnecessarily strict by some of UNHCR\u2019s partners, and\nas inhibiting the delivery of humanitarian assistance and services. Several of the partners\nalso noted that UNHCR\u2019s approach appeared to be reactive and inconsistent.\n\n\n_After the suspension_\n\n\n28. With the suspension of aid operations announced on 23 August, relatively little in\nfact changed for UNHCR\u2019s own activities: repatriation was already suspended, visits to\nthe camps were already limited, and no food distribution was anyway planned for the\nfollowing week. At both the Kupang and Jakarta levels, the UNHCR follow up to the\nsuspension was in part focused on damage limitation with our partners.\n\n\n29. At the RR\u2019s suggestion, several members of the diplomatic corps met on 25\nAugust in order to discuss recent developments in East and West Timor and for UNHCR\nto brief participants on the decision to suspend UNHCR activities in West Timor. It is\nrelevant that on 11 August a similar meeting (with representatives of some 12 countries\npresent) had been convened, at which the HOK had described the deteriorating security\nenvironment in West Timor. On 11 August participants had expressed support for the\nconditional approach set out in UNHCR\u2019s 25 July letter to the Government.\n\n\n30. At the meeting on 25 August, the RR indicated that UNHCR would like the\nsuspension to be short. One diplomat argued forcefully that UNHCR should only\nresume once the militias had been disarmed and separated from the camps, and legal\nproceedings taken against the perpetrators of the violence, and suggested that UNHCR\nshould withdraw its staff, as their continued presence in West Timor could lead to a\nhostage-like situation. There was general support for the decision by UNHCR to\nsuspend the activities in West Timor. There was a general feeling that UNHCR should\nonly resume when concrete assurances for greater staff security were obtained; some\nparticipants encouraged UNHCR\u2019s withdrawal while others cautioned against such a\n\n\nPage 7 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "move. This was one of a number of meetings, including internal UNHCR meetings, in\nwhich participants made observations to the effect that sooner or later an aid worker\nwould be killed (see paragraph 47).\n\n\n_Resumption of UNHCR operations_\n\n\n31. UNHCR lifted the suspension on 29 August. In its media briefing guidance that\nday, UNHCR stated that it was satisfied with the way the Indonesian authorities had\ndealt with the incident, noting a thorough investigation, the arrest of two persons, a\nstrong condemnation by the Government of acts of violence, and an increased presence of\nthe security forces in and around the camps. The guidance also recalled the conditions in\nUNHCR\u2019s 25 July letter, and concluded \u201cUNHCR has stressed concrete steps must be\ntaken by the Indonesian Government to comply with these benchmarks, which will be\nreviewed in October\u201d. Diplomatic representatives who had supported the decision to\nsuspend were critical of the decision to resume. Several told the team that they felt\nstrongly that the security concerns should have been over-riding, and that nothing had\nchanged to allay these.\n\n\n32. The decision to resume was taken by the DRB in Geneva, on the advice of the RR\n(the DRB had returned early from leave on 28 August). Staff in West Timor were not\nconsulted on the resumption, though - as already noted - it was expected and would\nmake little immediate difference to UNHCR activities. It was however an important\nconsideration in the return of staff to Atambua.\n\n\n_Staff presence in West Timor_\n\n\n33. As a result of the low profile being adopted for UNHCR activities in West Timor\nin light of the lack of progress with repatriation, the cancellation of registration, and\nspecific security incidents, staff in West Timor were encouraged to take an authorized\nbreak (VARI), leave, or language courses in Java. The anniversaries on 17 and 30 August\nand 4 September (see paragraph 15) were seen as critical dates, which if passed\npeacefully would, it was hoped, allow a progressive resumption of UNHCR\u2019s activities in\nthe camps, including repatriation.\n\n\n34. On 15 August, the HOA arrived in Kupang from home leave. He proceeded to\nAtambua on 16 August. On 23 August, the day after the Kefa incident, the FSAK\ntravelled to Atambua to review his security concerns with the recently returned HOA\nand the UNSECOORD Field Safety Officer based there (FSOA), who himself had just\nreturned. The FSAK recommended keeping only the minimum necessary presence in\nAtambua. The same day, before the decision on suspension, the HOA advised Kupang\nthat the remaining staff due to return to Atambua that day should not do so until a\nfurther assessment of the situation had been made. Atambua staff felt uncomfortable\nsitting idle in Kupang and, though a few individuals might not have been keen to go\nback immediately, the group discussed on several occasions their wish to return to\nAtambua.\n\n\n35. The FSAD had been on mission in West Timor from 1-21 August to cover\nAtambua during the leave of the FSOA. His assessment at the end of that mission was\nthat non-essential staff should not be in Atambua until after 5 September. After 24 hours\nback in Dili, the FSAD returned to Kupang to act as the senior of the two FSAs there and\nprovide additional support in the aftermath of the Kefa incident and over the critical first\nanniversaries.\n\n\nPage 8 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "36. The FSAK was on mission from Kupang to Atambua again from 29-31 August.\nHe was among those who felt that with the Kefa attack on 22 August a line had been\ncrossed. The FSAK was concerned by the situation he found in Atambua, and in\nparticular by indications that the militia were monitoring the arrivals and identifying the\nresidences of international staff. Another serious concern of the HOA and FSAK was the\nmarkedly increased tension as a result of the authorities referring urban refugees to\nUNHCR for food. The provision of food to refugees and other East Timorese in the\nurban areas was the responsibility of the Government, which had rice in stock for this\npurpose. However, on 28 August the Governor\u2019s office in Kupang informed all district\nadministrations that henceforth this was UNHCR\u2019s responsibility. There was no prior\nconsultation with UNHCR, and no question of UNHCR being either willing or able to\ntake this over. In early September, this issue was the main security concern of the HOA\nand FSOA in Atambua.\n\n\n37. On 30 August, the FSAK called the office in Kupang and advised that no more\ninternational staff should come back to Atambua. The FSAK was thus surprised when\nmore international staff arrived back in Atambua on 31 August, and called Kupang to\nfind out why. The explanation appeared to be that this was their choice, they had\nnothing to do in Kupang and their residence and possessions were in Atambua. For his\npart, the HOA told the FSAK that in the circumstances he had felt that he could not stop\nthe return. He told the team that his colleagues argued that if they had to wait they\npreferred to wait in Atambua, and that he had approved their return in the\nunderstanding that everyone would in any event be keeping a very low profile, at least\nuntil early September.\n\n\n38. Carlos and the Atambua Protection Officer participated in the Bali meeting on 3031 August. After that meeting, the Protection Officer went back to Atambua and Carlos\nreturned to Kupang from where he went to Atambua on 5 September to collect some of\nhis personal belongings prior to his planned departure on 7 September for a 3 week\nlanguage course. With the arrival of Carlos and three international staff by then on leave,\nthere were 10 international staff in Atambua.\n\n\n_Threats and problems in Kupang_\n\n\n39. By 30 August, tensions had risen sharply in Kupang, with specific threats against,\nand hunger strikers outside, the UNTAET office, which was close to UNHCR\u2019s. In a\ndemonstration that day organized by the Aitarak Militia, some 3,000 persons paraded\npast the UNHCR office and demonstrated in front of the UNTAET office, before\nproceeding across the street to the government offices, where they did superficial\ndamage. The RR, who had arrived in Kupang from Jakarta on 27 August and made a\nbrief visit to Dili on 29 August, had met an Aitarak leader on the evening of 29 August.\nThe same leader led the demonstration on 30 August and was seen keeping\ndemonstrators away from the UNHCR office.\n\n\n40. The demonstrations against UNTAET Kupang continued, with a threat to destroy\nthe UNTAET office on 4 September. While demonstrators on 3 September carried\nbanners including (in English) \u201cWhite scum must leave West Timor\u201d, the organisers said\nthat their quarrel was with UNTAET, not UNHCR. On 3 September, the UNTAET Chief\nof Staff arrived from Dili and met with the demonstrators; the situation began to be\ndefused. In a meeting that evening at which the AHOK was also present, the FSAK\nrecommended, and the acting Area Security Coordinator (WHO) accepted, that all non\n\nPage 9 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "essential staff of the UN (and NGOs) should nevertheless assemble at the relocation\npoint, the Kristal Hotel in Kupang on 4 September. Some UN and NGO staff resisted this\nas unnecessary in the circumstances, and several non-essential staff remained at the\nUNHCR office.\n\n\n_Precautions taken for Atambua_\n\n\n41. A number of other organizations had reacted to security concerns in the last\nweeks of August, and taken precautions around the sensitive anniversaries. There had\nbeen concerns at reports of militia visiting houses in Kupang as well as Atambua. The\nCARE international staff member from Atambua had attended the inter-agency meeting\nin Bali on 30-31 August and stayed until after 4 September as a precaution. He flew back\nto Kupang on 6 September and was in the UNHCR office there to get a briefing before\nproceeding to Atambua when he heard of the attack. The CRS international staff member\nfrom Atambua was on route from Dili via Kupang to Atambua on 6 September when he\nheard in Kupang of the rising tensions in Atambua that morning.\n\n\n42. ICRC had ceased their international presence in Atambua at the end of August, as\nthey considered it was no longer warranted by the workload. Atambua was to be\ncovered from Jakarta thereafter; a delegate from Jakarta arrived in Kupang on 6\nSeptember, intending to proceed to Atambua on 7 September for the first such visit. IOM\nhad not had an international presence in Atambua since the demonstration at their office\non 11 August, but had planned to re-establish an international presence in Atambua on 6\nSeptember. ARC, CFSI, IRC and Oxfam had international staff members in Atambua on\n6 September. The WFP international staff member normally based in Atambua was\nstanding in for the Head of Office in Kupang, but WFP was planning to send another\ninternational staff member to Atambua to assess warehouse capacity. UNICEF decided\nto keep a very low profile in Atambua during the week of 4 September and, accordingly,\nthe single international staff member based there scheduled a mission to Ambon and had\nleft the previous week.\n\n\n43. While in Atambua at the end of August, the FSAK recommended further\nstrengthening the defences of the office, organized a second ladder for the escape route\nover the back wall, and conducted a rehearsal of the use of that route. The office defences\nwere later reinforced with barbed wire collected from the UNHCR field office in\nBatugade, East Timor, on 3 September by the FSOA and Pero.\n\n\n_Approaches to security_\n\n\n44. An inter-agency coordination committee (IACC) meeting was held in Jakarta on 4\nSeptember, chaired by the UN Resident Coordinator, who was also the DO for security.\nSecurity in West Timor was discussed at this meeting, the discussion beginning with the\ninformation that all UN staff in Kupang were being regrouped at the Kristal Hotel that\nday for security reasons. The RR suggested that looking at the situation entirely from a\nsecurity point of view was not the right approach. After his 27-30 August mission to\nKupang he had recommended a new approach and engagement with UNTAS, other prointegration leaders in the camps and the refugees, and he outlined his thinking in light of\nhis mission.\n\n\n45. The Jakarta-based UN FSO on the DO\u2019s staff, who had returned from Kupang on\n31 August, noted the responsibility of the Government to ensure the safety of the aid\nworkers. He commented that it might be possible to involve UNTAS in an improvement\n\n\nPage 10 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of security and access, but that there could be a political price. The RR repeated that he\ndid not believe in a militarised approach to ensuring staff security, but acknowledged\nthat some activities put the security of staff at risk.\n\n\n46. The DO explained to the meeting that he had been considering raising the\nsecurity level throughout West Timor in line with the UNHCR suspension of operations\n(which the RR had told the meeting had meanwhile been lifted), and the IACC agreed\nthat the current security phases should remain unchanged. It is not clear what impact the\nnew approach advocated by the RR had on return to Atambua.\n\n\n_Threat assessments_\n\n\n47. None of those interviewed by the team expected a deliberate murderous direct\nattack on a UNHCR office. Had any government had advance information of such an\nattack or of specific threats, and had they shared it with either the RR in Jakarta, UNHCR\nheadquarters, or UNSECOORD in New York, it is likely that directives would have been\ngiven to significantly reduce the exposure of the UN, and UNHCR in particular, in West\nTimor. It appears that the diplomats most concerned by the security aspects of the\ndecision to lift the suspension believed that the risks were rather in the camps or at\nroadblocks or to individuals outside the offices. UNHCR colleagues also shared this\nassessment of the likely risk.\n\n\n_**Conclusions on question (2)**_\n\n\n48. Against this background, _**the presence of so many UNHCR staff in Atambua at**_\n_**the start of the week of 4 September was not justified**_ . With very little actual work\npossible in Atambua, few staff were really essential in this period. While the movement\nof staff to Atambua the previous week can be understood in the context of a natural wish\nto return to their homes, and while the immediate security risks may have been higher in\nKupang, these were not the only options. _**Non-essential staff should have been**_\n_**temporarily withdrawn from West Timor**_ . However, this was not the subject of a clear\nmanagement decision but rather largely left to the discretion of the staff concerned. The\nmanner in which the decisions to suspend and resume operations were taken was not\nsatisfactory, and _**the decision to resume may have encouraged return to Atambua**_ .\n\n\n49. There were many important distractions over this period. Preparations were\nunderway for the inter-agency meeting in Bali on 30 and 31 August which itself was\nattended by key players from East and West Timor and Jakarta. Either the Deputy\nRegional Representative or the RR were in Kupang each day from 26-30 August, with a\nseries of important meetings with not only UNHCR staff but the Governor, ViceGovernor, UN agencies, NGOs, militia, political leaders and others. Intensive meetings\ncontinued thereafter and several required written follow-up. An unprecedented written\napology for the Kefa incident was received as promised from the Governor on 30 August,\nbut his staff and others continued to criticize strongly UNHCR\u2019s response to the incident\neven after the decision to resume was announced to them. The threats to UNTAET were\na major preoccupation, while the pressures on UNHCR with regard to food for urban\ndwellers increased in both Kupang and Atambua. The AHOK was summoned to the\nGovernor\u2019s office at 1130 on 4 September for a meeting on this subject. At the same time,\nUNHCR was seeking to build on recent discussions with UNTAS regarding local\nintegration: there were meetings on this subject in Kupang with UNTAS at 1300 on 4\nSeptember and with government officials on 5 September.\n\n\nPage 11 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "50. What was seen as a successful meeting had been organized in Atambua by the\npolice chief on 2 September with representatives of the local authorities and population,\nrefugees, militia and UNHCR and its partners. In this meeting the HOA had explained in\ndetail UNHCR\u2019s approach and, it was felt, cleared a number of misunderstandings.\nTaking this and the peaceful passage there of the anniversaries, by 5 September some\ncolleagues in Atambua felt that the situation would soon start to improve, and that they\nwould again have real work to do.\n\n\n**(3)** **UNHCR\u2019s presence in the office in Atambua on 6 September**\n\n\n_Critical event_\n\n\n51. In the afternoon of 5 September, the leader of the Laksaur militia, Olivio\nMendon\u00e7a \u201cMoruk\u201d (OMM), was murdered in his home village some 60 km south of\nAtambua (close to Betun). News of this, and the fact that his body had been mutilated\nand that his head was missing (of particular significance in the culture), quickly reached\nAtambua. The HOA heard it around 1930 that evening. There was a rumour that\nUNHCR had paid large sums for the murder. The team found no evidence that anyone\nin UNHCR was aware of this rumour, or of the reports that a \u201cUN\u201d white vehicle had\nbeen seen near OMM\u2019s home before the murder, until after the attack on the UNHCR\noffice. By early the following morning it was known that OMM's followers were coming\nin procession to Atambua with the body, which it was understood would be presented to\nthe local peoples\u2019 assembly (the DPR). The convoy was reported to number about 3,000\npersons.\n\n\n_The response_\n\n\n52. Since 5 September, the attention of the FSOA, who worked from the UNHCR\noffice in Atambua, had been largely focused on a group of people who had threatened\nboth CARE and CRS while demanding food, and on the prospect of demonstrations in\nAtambua on 6 September if these demands were not met. Before going to the UNHCR\noffice on 6 September, he went to CRS to follow up on this problem. At that time, neither\nhe nor CRS was aware of the murder of OMM. The FSOA arrived at UNHCR before 0830\nand was briefed by the HOA on the murder and asked to go to the TNI sector compound\nand take the advice of the Commander of the Border Security Forces, on what should be\nUNHCR\u2019s response. The FSOA discussed this through an interpreter. The FSOA clearly\nrecalls being assured by the Border Commander that the demonstration would be a\npeaceful protest against the authorities, and that TNI troops would limit the number of\ndemonstrators allowed into town. From the Border Commander\u2019s office, the FSOA used\nhis VHF handset to recommend to the HOA that all UN and NGO vehicles outside\nAtambua should be recalled, that UNHCR should reduce to minimum essential staff in\nthe office, and that UNHCR cars should be moved to the TNI compound for safety. This\nadvice was accepted by the HOA, and the FSOA then heard Pero on the UNHCR radio\ncalling vehicles back, and an acknowledgement from the IRC international staff member.\nThe FSOA said that this was the only such recall he was aware of in the nine months he\nwas based in Atambua.\n\n\n53. The HOA instructed a national staff member to monitor developments in the\ntown, using his motorcycle and reporting on VHF. From him and from other sources, the\nHOA, FSOA and other colleagues in the office received reports of a build up of militia in\ntown, some carrying empty bottles and weapons. It was not clear to the HOA and FSOA\nwhether this build up was linked to the possible demonstrations over food or to the\n\n\nPage 12 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "convoy on route from Betun. Government offices, shops and schools were closing and\npeople leaving for their homes. Parts of the town were becoming unusually quiet and\ntraffic free. From mid-morning, colleagues in the office were also following the progress\nof the convoy from the Betun area on a local amateur radio frequency: persons on the\nconvoy were in communication with persons in Atambua. Some time after 1100, Pero left\nthe office briefly for his residence nearby to collect a radio that could better monitor this\nfrequency. From these exchanges it was learnt that persons on the convoy had \u201csticks\u201d\nand bottles and kerosene. In such a context, the Indonesian word for sticks was a wellknown euphemism for weapons.\n\n\n54. The office was guarded by four policemen and six auxiliary police (some of whom\nwere originally from East Timor). Memories differ as to whether the four policemen\nwere armed. There was also one UNHCR-funded guard, who fetched the second in the\ncourse of the morning but who himself left before the attack. The policemen were also\nmonitoring the progress of the convoy on a radio.\n\n\n55. Recollections of the timing of some key events that morning are not fully clear or\nconsistent, but at around 1000 a warning to evacuate the UNHCR office was passed\nthrough the police on the gate. On hearing of the warning, the HOA tried to call the\nBorder Commander but could not reach him. He then called the Belu District Police\nChief, but was told he was not available and to call back later. He then called and spoke\nin Indonesian to the TNI Belu District Commander. The HOA told him that UNHCR had\nbeen informed by the police of a large demonstration on route for Atambua and advised\nto leave the office, and asked for advice. The HOA clearly recalls being told by the Belu\nDistrict Commander that UNHCR did not have to worry; UNHCR was not the target, the\ndemonstration would go to the DPR and that the organizers had promised it would be\npeaceful.\n\n\n56. The HOA then called back the Belu District Police Chief and asked him the same\nquestion, noting that the recommendation to leave the office had come from the police\nchief\u2019s own officers at UNHCR. The HOA recalls the reply clearly: the police chief said\nthat evacuation would not be necessary, the demonstration would be in front of the DPR,\nnot UNHCR, and the police would try and make it peaceful. The next direct contact\nbetween UNHCR and the police station appears to have been just before the attack. The\nphone rang in the radio room and was answered by the national colleague who was there\ninterpreting the exchanges on the amateur radio frequency for Pero. The call was from\nthe Atambua police station, and the colleague recalls instructions to the effect of \u201ctell all\nstaff to leave the compound immediately if possible\u201d. He replied that he would pass this\nmessage to the HOA. As he went to do so, the attack began.\n\n\n57. Between 0930 and 1000, the HOA advised non-essential staff, both international\nand national, to return to their residences or hotels. This was an advice, not an order: at\nleast one national colleague who was advised to leave remained in the office. Pero and\nSamson were both considered essential. Carlos, who had earlier been interviewing\nrefugees, was advised by the HOA to go home but chose to stay. His house was in an\narea some distance from the office and considered less secure (it was ransacked after the\nattack on the office by persons who were looking for him).\n\n\n58. Around 1000-1015, the HOA gave instructions to transfer all vehicles except two\nto the police station. Normally cars would have been sent to either the Police or the TNI\ncompound for safe keeping, but that day the HOA decided on the police compound in\n\n\nPage 13 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "view of its proximity to the office, in case the vehicles were needed in a hurry. When the\ndrivers arrived at the police station, they were told by the police that the five vehicles\nwere too visible and four were moved to the TNI compound. One white UNHCR vehicle\nand one grey OCHA vehicle (FSOA\u2019s) were kept at the UNHCR compound.\n\n\n59. During the course of the morning the question of whether to stay or leave the\noffice was clearly in the minds of many colleagues, but only two national colleagues left\nafter the initial departures that took place as a result of the first advice of the HOA. At\nabout 1100, the HOA came to the table around which a number of international and\nnational colleagues were seated (some were monitoring the amateur radio exchanges),\nand asked them whether they wanted to stay or leave.\n\n\n_The reaction in Kupang_\n\n\n60. The FSAD learnt of the murder of OMM on arrival at the Kupang office at about\n0830, and soon thereafter had a long call from the HOA, who said he felt that things in\nAtambua would be all right. The FSAD spoke to the FSAK, who felt that there would be\ntrouble. The FSAD called the FSOA at about 0930, who said things still appeared\npeaceful and briefed him on the meeting with the Border Commander. The FSOA called\nthe FSAD at about 1030, reporting that it appeared things might not remain peaceful. He\nmentioned persons in Atambua with knives and bottles, but said that he still felt things\nshould be all right. The FSAD advised him to reduce to minimum essential staff, and\nexpressed concern about the two cars still at the UNHCR compound. The AHOK had\ntried to call the HOA before leaving for a meeting at the Governor\u2019s office in follow up to\nthe Kefa attack.\n\n\n61. When the AHOK returned to the Kupang office sometime after 1100, he heard of\nthe size of the convoy on route for Atambua, and immediately spoke to the FSOA there,\nwho confirmed the scale of the planned demonstration, and also that some persons with\nbroken bottles had already been seen in town. The AHOK asked what the staff in the\nAtambua office would do if surrounded, and whether relocation to the TNI compound\nhad been considered. The FSOA said that he still felt relocation might not be necessary.\nThere was discussion of the possibility of evacuating from Atambua, but the FSOA said\nthat the only way out would be by helicopter. The AHOK then spoke to the HOA and\nasked him if he himself had spoken to the TNI Border Commander, and was told that the\nCommander was not available. The HOA briefed the AHOK on his telephone\nconversations with the TNI Belu District Commander and the Belu District Police Chief,\nand confirmed that he felt that they would probably be all right in the office.\n\n\n62. Both the AHOK and FSAD were increasingly concerned by what they heard from\nAtambua. The AHOK asked a colleague to telephone the overall TNI commander\n(Commander IX MAC, a major general) at his headquarters in Denpasar, Bali. The\ngeneral agreed that the UNHCR staff should go to the TNI compound if there was a\nproblem. After being briefed on this call, the AHOK informed the RR in Jakarta of his\nconcerns and of the call to the general. The AHOK asked the FSAD whether there was\nanything more they could do from Kupang. The FSAD advised him that there was\nnothing more they could do: by that time, he felt second-guessing those on the spot could\nitself be dangerous.\n\n\nPage 14 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_The attack and evacuation_\n\n\n63. Three local staff had fetched lunch boxes for those in the office. During lunch,\nwhich started around 1120-1130, staff had heard over the amateur radio frequency that\nsome 30 minutes later the convoy would arrive in town. They had therefore, at the\nrequest of the HOA, moved to the back of the office in case evacuation would be\nrequired. The HOA requested the FSOA to monitor the front of the office from behind\nthe window in the office. The Protection Officer and Field Officer were also inside as\nthey had been putting up plywood on the windows. Pero was at the radio, Carlos was on\nthe e-mail computer and Samson was on the phone. Shortly before the attack began, a\ngroup of motorcycles from the front of the convoy stopped outside the office.\n\n\n64. The attack began at about 1219, the time recorded by the radio operator in\nKupang who was then in communication with Pero on HF. When it began there were\neight international and some ten local staff present in the UNHCR compound. When the\nmilitia entered the compound, the Protection Officer was in the office. As he saw the\nmilitia through the window, he shouted \u201cthey are here\u201d and ran to the back of the office.\nAs he passed the radio room he noticed that Pero was talking on the radio. The\nProtection Officer saw Carlos running out the conference room, shouting that the office\nwas being attacked. He thinks that Carlos must have run back to the conference room.\n\n\n65. The FSOA told the colleagues inside the office to evacuate as soon as he saw the\nmilitia starting to throw stones. Watching the gate from the generator house, the HOA\ncould see one attacker already in the compound and others climbing over the gate. The\nHOA instructed those in the compound to evacuate. Colleagues from inside the office\nwere already running to the ladders. From interviews with the Atambua colleagues, it is\nclear that the violent assault on the compound came as a surprise to all those present.\n\n\n_Further attacks_\n\n\n66. There seems broad agreement that the attacks came in three waves. A witness\nwho saw part of the first attack said that as the militia started throwing stones at the\noffice, others who had been in front of the DPR office joined them. After this first attack,\nmilitia burned the UNHCR flag outside the office and ran with the Indonesian flag back\nto the DPR office (it was flown at the office alongside the UNHCR flag). Around this\ntime, the witness was informed that Pero had been killed. (Kupang lost radio contact\nwith Pero shortly after 1219, just after he was heard to say \u201cwe are being stoned\u201d, or\nperhaps \u201cstormed\u201d.) The HOA heard some automatic gunfire in the compound\nimmediately after he had climbed the wall and hid in the kitchen of a house behind the\noffice.\n\n\n67. Some 5 minutes later, militiamen came back to the office and launched a second\nattack. This was confirmed by the HOA, who heard it from his hiding place close by.\nAnother witness saw Samson coming out of the building and go towards the crowd. He\nthought Samson was trying to pacify them; he heard him say \u201ccalm down, let's talk\u201d. He\nsaw one person suddenly emerge from the crowd and stab Samson in the stomach with\nwhat appeared to be a sword. None of those interviewed by the team was aware of the\ncircumstances of Carlos\u2019s death; he was last heard on the radio at around 1300. Some\nthirty minutes after the second attack, there was a third. It was then that the bodies of the\nthree colleagues were reportedly taken out of the office and burned. Office furniture and\nthe UNHCR car were also burned in front of the office. One witness estimated that the\nattacks took place over some 45 minutes to one hour.\n\n\nPage 15 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "68. The staff who managed to flee the office ran to different locations for hiding.\nSome stayed for more than two hours in houses close to the UNHCR office. All\nconfirmed that the militia were looking for UNHCR international and national staff, even\nhours after the attack, when small groups of militia where still roving around town,\nsearching hotels and threatening to burn private houses if there were UNHCR staff\ninside. During the attack itself there was clear indication that the militia were looking for\nUNHCR staff with murderous intent. In front of the office people were heard shouting\n\u201cwhere are they, burn the office, kill them all\u201d. One witness informed the team that\nmilitias in trucks and on motorcycles who were driving around town told people not to\nbe afraid as they were only looking for white people. Colleagues in hiding heard people\nshouting \u201cwhere are those people from UNHCR\u201d and \u201cfinish them\u201d. On 7 September,\nmilitia visited the houses of national staff and threatened their families.\n\n\n_Warnings_\n\n\n69. In examining the circumstances that led to so many staff being in the office at the\ntime of the attack, it is necessary to review the question of warnings. In a meeting in\nKupang on the evening of 6 September, the NTT Police Chief said that the police had\nescorted some ten persons to safety from the UNHCR office and had warned the three\nwho were killed to leave but they had refused. The Government gave similar\ninformation to the Security Council on 19 and 29 September.\n\n\n70. On 26 October, the NTT police authorities gave the team a copy of an Englishlanguage summary of an internal police investigation. As recorded in the summary, the\nstatements of the UNHCR guards (both of whom were interviewed by the team), police\nat the office and two policemen who had direct contact with the office are all broadly\nconsistent with other information given to the team. It is not clear whether the police at\nthe gate passed on two separate warnings, or whether one was a transmission or follow\nup of the other. The policeman in charge stated that he continued to try and persuade\nUNHCR staff to leave the office after the initial warning was given.\n\n\n71. According to this summary, in their contacts with the HOA and FSOA, the Border\nCommander and the Belu Police Chief had suggested that UNHCR should not work that\nday and should leave the office. The Belu Police Chief\u2019s statement says that he\nrecommended an immediate move to his police station for protection. The conclusion of\nthe summary, on the basis of the statements of the witnesses and a discussion section, is\nthat if UNHCR had followed the suggestions of the police there would not have been any\nvictims among the UNHCR staff, and that the Chief of Police and his staff had tried to do\ntheir best to avoid something that had not been expected, but could not do anything in\nthe face of so many demonstrators.\n\n\n_**Conclusions on warnings**_\n\n\n72. If, notwithstanding the recollections of the HOA and FSOA, any clear and direct\nwarnings were indeed given to either the HOA or the FSOA by senior officers of the TNI\nand police in Atambua, this would be of critical importance. The team has given long\nand exhaustive consideration to this question, which was identified as critical at the start\nof the inquiry. The team has concluded that _**no clear warnings were understood by either**_\n_**the HOA or the FSOA and nor was any clear and timely indication given to them of the**_\n_**potential gravity of the situation by those with overall responsibility for their safety**_ .\n\n\nPage 16 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Options and assessments_\n\n\n73. Well before 6 September, the first emergency evacuation choice, by road to East\nTimor, was foreclosed because of the militia roadblocks on the route. The first stretch of\nthe road to Kefa and Kupang, the second choice, is the same as the road to Betun, up\nwhich the convoy was advancing, and there was a known militia stronghold at the\njunction. This route was an increasingly risky option in a short window of opportunity.\nThe airport was close to known militia strongholds, and neither a fixed-wing nor a\nhelicopter pre-emptive evacuation was a realistic option. While the majority of\ninternational staff probably believed that morning that the office was safer than their\nresidences, there seems to have been general agreement that the TNI compound - the\nthird evacuation choice identified in the plan - was relatively the safest place in Atambua.\n\n\n74. A key assessment was whether or not the demonstration was likely to be peaceful.\nThe FSOA appears not to have understood that there was information from the amateur\nradio exchanges that persons on the convoy were armed. He told the team that had he\nrealized that the demonstration would probably not be peaceful, he would have\nrecommended full evacuation to the TNI compound. The HOA told the team that he\nonly realized that there were arms in the convoy late in the morning. Until the actual\nattack was launched, he still expected that any demonstration would be largely peaceful,\nand had been considering in his own mind the possibility of going out to reason with the\nleaders if they tried to force the gate. Since the arrival of the East Timorese, it was also\nnot unusual for sudden rumours to sweep Atambua, and offices, schools and shops to\nclose.\n\n\n75. However, while there were national staff of both UNHCR and other humanitarian\norganizations who did not expect trouble, there were others who felt serious trouble was\ninevitable from the moment that they heard of the death and mutilation of OMM\u2019s body\nand of the planned demonstration. On the information that should have been known at\nthe time, there was a clear balance of probability that the demonstration would be hostile,\nand that UNHCR, as in the past, would be a likely focus of that hostility.\n\n\n76. There are clear indications that as time passed, and both the likelihood of trouble\nmounted and the risks that would be run in leaving the office for the TNI compound\nincreased, the HOA and FSOA were preparing for a possible attack on the office.\nWindows were boarded, curtains drawn, the ladders at the back wall readied and,\nfinally, staff positioned near them. It appears that most staff expected stone-throwing\nand material damage at worst: a fright, not flight for their lives. This, the team believes,\nwas the expectation of Carlos as he sent his e-mails that morning. The FSOA told the\nteam that Carlos was typing when he told him to run. Carlos replied he was just\nfinishing. Unlike others with much of the same core text, the last e-mail Carlos sent\nended \u201cI need to go now, I hear screaming outside\u201d.\n\n\n_**Conclusions on question (3)**_\n\n\n77. The team has reviewed at length why so many colleagues, some of whom were\nconcerned for their security, stayed until it was too late, and long after they had\nsubstantive work to do in the office. Samson probably stayed out of a sense of duty and\nbecause he too did not anticipate what might happen: colleagues close to him said that he\nwas an experienced field person, and not one to take unnecessary or foolhardy risks. The\nFSOA says that Samson replied, \u201cyou go\u201d when told to get out, and it is probable that he\nrealized that he could not make it over the wall because a health problem had restricted\n\n\nPage 17 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "his mobility. Pero would have been expected and wished to remain at his post as long as\nthe whole office was not evacuated.\n\n\n78. The Atambua international staff saw themselves as a close-knit team, one that\nworked more on consensus than through direction. Even some who may well have\npreferred to leave the office told the team that it was a collective decision to stay, which\nthey supported. Both the HOA and the FSOA were reacting to and following what they\nunderstood was the advice of their closest counterparts, not acting to anticipate events.\nWhile they should have been left in no doubt by their closest counterparts, the team\nconsiders that this was a situation in which the adage \u201cwhen in doubt, evacuate\u201d was\nclearly applicable. The TNI was the obvious destination for all the international staff,\nincluding those who had left the office when requested to or when given the option.\nWith the benefit of hindsight, the TNI compound was also the best location for national\nstaff, but that was less obvious at the time.\n\n\n79. In the team\u2019s opinion, _**faced with a very difficult situation, the HOA and FSOA**_\n_**made a serious error of judgement in not insisting on evacuation to the TNI compound**_\nbefore the convoy arrived in Atambua. While even that location would not necessarily\nhave been safe, it was the safest in Atambua. Warnings from the authorities were not a\nnecessary condition for a decision to evacuate. _**But it was reasonable to expect both a**_\n_**much clearer indication of the danger from the most senior TNI and police officers**_\n_**present and action by these officers to ensure that all staff had left the office before the**_\n_**attack**_ .\n\n\n**5. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\n80. The team believes that while UNHCR had a commitment to be present in West\nTimor, there were clear indications that the number of international staff there from midAugust was too high. Specifically, there was no justification for as many international\nstaff to have been in Atambua in the first week of September. A consensual rather than\ndisciplined approach to staff movements and security at a critical time was a key factor in\nallowing this to happen, largely by default, as it was in the failure to evacuate the office\nin Atambua before it was attacked. One mechanism that would have been an important\nelement in ensuring a coherent strategic and overall view of the UNHCR operation was\nnot in place. There was no single dedicated operational manager for the Timor operation,\nsuch as would also have provided what should have been a \u201cfail safe\u201d oversight on staff\nsecurity. Another mechanism that was theoretically \u201cfail safe\u201d, the SMT system, itself\nfailed, though it is a premise of this inquiry that UNHCR should first and foremost rely\non the proper discharge of its own operational responsibilities for the security of its staff.\n\n\n**6. RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n81. The recommendations that follow are predicated on the assumption that in the\ndischarge of its mandate UNHCR will continue to be called upon to operate in insecure\nenvironments. UNHCR must therefore take every possible measure to assess and reduce\nthe risks to its staff and partners. The recommendations are not West Timor specific.\nSome are common to this and the Guinea inquiry reports. In view of the concurrent work\nof the task force on security, they are high-level, not detailed, and not intended to be\ncomprehensive.\n\n\nPage 18 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(1) Decisions on starting such operations must be based on a thorough assessment of\nthe risks, the degree to which running these risks may be warranted by humanitarian\nimperatives, and the political context. This assessment should be formally recorded. The\nnature of the risks should be explicitly identified: particular caution should be exercised\nin situations where, as in West Timor, UNHCR is viewed with hostility by those who\nmay cause staff harm or who are themselves responsible for ensuring law and order and\nsecurity, and in environments where sudden and violent brutal acts are known to occur.\nConsideration should be given to formally categorizing such situations.\n\n\n(2) Field operations should not be started until the necessary security measures,\nincluding mobile and fixed communications, staff, including security staff, with the right\ntraining and experience and properly briefed on the security environment, and the\nnecessary staff support are all in place. (This was not the case at the start of the West\nTimor operation, and for a number of staff who did have relevant experience, West - and\nEast - Timor followed several consecutive high risk and stressful assignments or\nmissions.)\n\n\n(3) Security-based decisions on suspension and resumption of operations should be\nsubject to proper analysis and consultation, and the reasons for the decision taken should\nbe recorded at the time. Communications with respect to such decisions should be\ncarefully managed.\n\n\n(4) Complex operations in an insecure environment should be managed by a single\nsenior manager with no other responsibilities, based within the region. Ensuring\nongoing review of the security situation in its wider political context should be an explicit\nresponsibility of this manager. In larger operations, the manager should be supported by\nhuman resource management professional(s) with responsibility for supporting staff and\nfor monitoring their ability to handle insecurity and stress and their continued suitability\nfor work in stressful environments (as distinct from personnel administration\nresponsibilities). Staff should always be in a position to share concerns about their\npersonal security with the management. Staff who reasonably feel themselves to be in a\nsituation of danger and who ask to leave should be temporarily relocated.\n\n\n(5) At each management level within an insecure environment, developments,\ninformation and intelligence affecting staff security should be monitored and analysed on\na regular and where necessary day-to-day basis. Information gathering should draw on\nthose with the best understanding of the local situation both within and outside UNHCR.\nParticular attention should be paid to situations, like West Timor, where UNHCR\u2019s access\nto the refugees is limited and where association with UNHCR may be, or be perceived to\nbe, a liability for its partners.\n\n\n(6) Discipline and accountability with regard to security should be markedly\nincreased. The responsibility, authority and ability of the Heads of all offices to take\ntimely action in the face of security threats must be reinforced, including through\ntraining. The role of UNHCR security staff should be adapted to the situation. Where\nnecessary, they should make formal recommendations to the Head of office concerned.\nThat Head of office should retain the option not to follow the recommendations, but in\nsuch circumstances should formally record his or her reasons.\n\n\nPage 19 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS**\n\n\n82. This report has perforce focused on what went wrong within UNHCR, and what\nUNHCR could and should have done that might have prevented the tragedy. Many\nthings went right. The repatriation of so many persons to East Timor was a remarkable\nand necessary achievement in the face of, at times, almost insurmountable odds. Many\nsound security measures were in place, and even reinforced in the days before the\ntragedy. The great majority of those interviewed, from outside and inside UNHCR,\nbelieve that UNHCR in West Timor took their security, and that of their partners, very\nseriously.\n\n\n83. That UNHCR should have taken further measures does not, of course, alter the\nfact that the tragedy was not of UNHCR\u2019s making. Responsibility lies with the\nperpetrators and instigators of the attack, and with the Government, which demonstrably\nfailed to discharge its primary responsibility for the safety and security of UN personnel.\n\n\n84. The inquiry highlighted for the team acts of considerable bravery by UNHCR staff\nand by the local population, some of whom risked their own lives to save those of\nUNHCR and other humanitarian workers. Recommendations are being made outside\nthe framework of this report to ensure that where possible due recognition is given by\nUNHCR to those concerned.\n\n\n85. While outside the immediate scope of the inquiry, the team considers that the\ninstinctive decisions to evacuate all who so wished were commendable, as was the\nhandling of the immediate post-evacuation period, and the support given to the\ninternational colleagues most affected by the events. Initial support to national\ncolleagues so affected was good. There appears, however, to be a need for standardized\nprocedures, and where necessary contingency plans, to ensure administrative support for\nall staff where evacuations are prolonged. As staff may become dispersed and\nresponsibility fragmented otherwise, a single person should have overall responsibility\nfor this support throughout the period of evacuation.\n\n\n86. Each of the inquiry team, from our different perspectives, began work with an\nincomplete understanding of the context and events, but a feeling that there probably had\nto have been evident and basic failures on UNHCR\u2019s part for three colleagues to lose\ntheir lives in the circumstances as we then understood them. We finished our work with,\nwe believe, a good understanding of a context that was highly complex, and of what\nhappened and the circumstances. We now see that why it happened was less obvious,\nand less the result of simple failures, than we expected. Given the time available and the\nconstraints, ours is not the complete account. It is, we believe, as fair an account as was\npossible.\n\n\nPage 20 of 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2df70b2-cd47-3f30-812d-3c54d26b713f/7F39884B889ECB4BC1256C1A002E5496-unhcr_westimorsum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_217/raw/doc_217_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_217/raw/doc_217_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2cc2e2f7f9e7011356cc291ab655c7b515f37a92..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_217/raw/doc_217_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1683 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN** **INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES** **FIRST HALF 2009**\n\n**Statistical overview of asylum applications lodged**\n**in Europe and selected non-European countries**\n\n21 OCTOBER 2009\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n## I. Introduction [1]\n\n\nThis report summarizes patterns and trends in the number of individual asylum claims\nsubmitted in Europe and selected non-European countries during the first six months of 2009.\nThe data in this report is based on information available as of 28 September 2009 unless\notherwise indicated. It covers the 38 European and six non-European States that currently\nprovide monthly asylum statistics to UNHCR.\n\nThe numbers in this report reflect asylum claims made at the first instance of asylum\nprocedures; applications on appeal or review are not included. Also, this report does not\ninclude information on the outcome of asylum procedures, or on the admission of refugees\nthrough resettlement programmes, as this information is available in other UNHCR reports. [2]\n\nThe group of countries analysed in this report is collectively referred to as \u201c **the** **44**\n**industrialized countries** \u201d and has been defined for the purpose of this report only. The 44\ncountries are: 27 Member States of the European Union, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,\nCroatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, The former\nYugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey, as well as Australia, Canada, Japan, New\nZealand, the Republic of Korea and the United States of America.\n\nTo the extent possible, the statistics presented in this document reflect the number of\nindividuals lodging an asylum application for the first time. The available information suggests,\nhowever, that a significant number of countries included in this report do not distinguish\nbetween new asylum applications, and repeat or reopened applications, in their national\nstatistical systems. As a consequence, some of the figures quoted in this report are likely to\ninclude repeat applications and, therefore, may not necessarily reflect the actual number of new\nasylum-seekers. Also, the number of asylum applications may not necessarily reflect the\nnumber of asylum-seekers, as some individuals seek asylum in more than one country during\nthe same year. [3]\n\nAll data refer to the number of individuals, with the exception of asylum-seekers in the United\nStates of America. Only the number of cases (which can include several individuals) is\navailable for applications submitted to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).\nApplications submitted to the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR) are, however,\nrecorded as individuals. To allow comparability across countries of asylum, UNHCR uses a\nfigure of 1.4 individuals per case to estimate the number of people reported by DHS because\nhistorical data suggest that, on average, one asylum case contains 1.4 individuals. In the\ncountry of origin tables, figures for the United States of America are a combination of the\nnumber of cases (DHS) and the number of individuals (EOIR), owing to the large variation in\nfamily size by nationality. In the case of Belgium, accompanying children are not included in\nthe figures.\n\n**All figures in this report should be considered as provisional and subject to change.** Due\nto retroactive changes and adjustments, some of the data included in this publication may differ\nslightly from those reported in previous UNHCR documents, or from the official figures\n\n1 This report has been prepared by the Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS) at UNHCR Headquarters\nin Geneva. Any questions concerning this document should be addressed to FICSS at stats@unhcr.org. For other UNHCR\nstatistics, visit UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase.\n2 See UNHCR\u2019s _2008 Global Trends_ report (issued June 2009).\n3 According to EURODAC's Central Unit, the verification of asylum claims in 2008 showed that, 17.5 per cent of all asylum\nclaims registered in the system were multiple claims, i.e. the applicant had submitted at least one previous application in the\nsame or another Member State of the European Union (Source:\nhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexplus!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=en&numdoc=52009DC0494)\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.6891227960586548, - "start": 82, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7573572397232056, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9387691020965576, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8242694139480591, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5328436493873596, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.8365514874458313, - "start": 267, - "end": 268 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5530890226364136, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.6913034319877625, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\nstatistical systems", - "confidence": 0.9726261496543884, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United\nStates of America", - "confidence": 0.8408254981040955, - "start": 406, - "end": 410 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8633970022201538, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "historical data", - "confidence": 0.6048901677131653, - "start": 487, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6368427276611328, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United\nStates of America", - "confidence": 0.6624587178230286, - "start": 406, - "end": 410 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6022301912307739, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "country of origin tables", - "confidence": 0.9849117994308472, - "start": 506, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6556710600852966, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.9544203877449036, - "start": 514, - "end": 518 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical Online Population Database", - "confidence": 0.7331035733222961, - "start": 659, - "end": 663 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6572415232658386, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.7606970071792603, - "start": 738, - "end": 740 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n\npublished by States. For example, this is true for the figures reported for Germany (see the\nnotes in Table 1 for more information).\n\n## II. Overview of regional trends [4]\n\nThe number of individuals requesting refugee or asylum status in the 44 **industrialized**\n**countries** included in this report continued the upward trend already observed over the past\ntwo years. An estimated 185,500 applications were recorded during the first six months of\n2009, 10 per cent more than during the same period in 2008 (168,900). This figure is 10 per\ncent lower than the 204,500 applications registered during the second half of 2008 and in line\nwith the seasonal pattern mentioned below.\n\nAn analysis of semester trends of monthly asylum data available to UNHCR over more than a\ndecade (1999-2009) shows a relatively clear seasonal pattern. Every year, with the exception of\n2004, the number of asylum applications submitted during the first semester was lower than\nduring the second semester. If recent patterns in asylum applications remain unchanged, the\nnumber of asylum claims submitted in the 44 industrialized countries during 2009 may reach\nthe level of 2004 when nearly 400,000 asylum applications were lodged.\n\nThe 38 **European** countries included in this **Table 1. Asylum claims lodged in selected**\nreport recorded 139,600 asylum **regions by semester**\napplications during the first six months of **1** **[st]** **2008** **2** **[nd]** **2008** **1** **[st]** **2009**\n2009, 13 per cent more than during the Europe 123,600 157,700 139,600\ncorresponding period of 2008 (123,600) but - EU-total 107,800 130,300 119,100\n11 per cent less than during the second - EU-old 98,200 118,200 108,500\nsemester of 2008 (157,700 claims). Europe - EU-new 9,700 12,100 10,600\n\nUSA/Canada 42,400 43,800 42,400\n\naccounted for 75 per cent of all claims\n\nJapan/ Rep. of Korea 850 1,100 950\n\nlodged in the 44 industrialized countries in Australia/ New Zealand 2,100 2,900 2,600\nthe first half of 2009. Total 168,950 205,500 185,550\n\n_See notes in Table 1 for list of countries included._\n\nThe trend is similar for the 27 countries of\nthe **European Union** (EU) which registered a 10 per cent increase in asylum applications\nduring the first half of 2009 (119,100) as compared to January to June 2008 (107,800). The\ndecrease of 9 per cent in new asylum requests between the first half of 2009 and the second\nhalf of 2008 may be attributable to the seasonal effect mentioned above.\n\nAmong the European regions, the largest relative increase in mid-year asylum levels was\nreported by the 11 **Central European countries** which received 7,900 asylum requests during\nthe first two quarters of 2009, a 19 per cent increase compared to the first six months of 2008.\nThis increase is mainly due to more individuals requesting international protection in Hungary\nand Poland.\n\nSimilar to Central Europe, the **Nordic region** showed an increase in new asylum claims. Here,\na total of 22,700 persons applied for refugee status between January and June 2009, some 2,900\nmore claims than during the first half of 2008 (19,700). When compared to the second half of\n2008 (25,500 claims), the decrease is in line with the one observed for Europe as a whole\n(-11%). Between the first half of 2009 and the first half of 2008, the significant increases in\nasylum applications registered in Denmark (+71%), Finland (+160%) and Norway (+51%)\nwere partly offset by a decrease in Sweden (-17%). The latter, however, remained the most\nimportant destination for asylum-seekers in the region (10,100 claims in 2009).\n\n\n\n**Table 1. Asylum claims lodged in selected**\n**regions by semester**\n\n\n\n**1** **[st]** **2008** **2** **[nd]** **2008** **1** **[st]** **2009**\nEurope 123,600 157,700 139,600\n\n- EU-total 107,800 130,300 119,100\n\n- EU-old 98,200 118,200 108,500\n\n- EU-new 9,700 12,100 10,600\n\nUSA/Canada 42,400 43,800 42,400\n\nJapan/ Rep. of Korea 850 1,100 950\n\nAustralia/ New Zealand 2,100 2,900 2,600\n\nTotal 168,950 205,500 185,550\n_See notes in Table 1 for list of countries included._\n\n\n\n4 See notes in Table 1 for a list of countries included under each regional grouping.\n\n\n_**3**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.7485698461532593, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "States", - "confidence": 0.5321873426437378, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Germany", - "confidence": 0.6344687342643738, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9893011450767517, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1999-2009", - "confidence": 0.9545445442199707, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.5957731604576111, - "start": 161, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6507245302200317, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1999-2009", - "confidence": 0.9822549819946289, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7797998785972595, - "start": 270, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7852156758308411, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n\n**Southern Europe** was the only European region to experience a decrease in asylum\napplications in the first six months of 2009 compared to both the first and second half of 2008\n(-10% and -34% respectively). The decrease was across all major receiving countries in\nSouthern Europe with the exception of Malta, which saw an increase in the number of asylum\nclaims lodged during the first six months of the year (+9% compared to first half 2008).\nOverall, countries in Southern Europe registered 28,600 asylum applications during the first\nsemester of 2009.\n\nThe number of asylum claims submitted in **North America** during the first six months of 2009\n(42,400) remained stable compared to the corresponding period of the year before. The average\nfigure, however, hides diverging patterns between Canada and the United States of America.\nWhile the former registered 11 per cent more asylum claims in the first half of the year\ncompared to the first half of 2008, the latter received 7 per cent fewer during the same period.\n\nThe number of asylum-seekers in **Australia/New Zealand** increased by one quarter during the\nfirst half of 2009 (2,600 claims) compared to the first semester of 2008 (2,100). It is primarily\nAustralia that accounts for this increase (+27%). However, despite this relatively recent\nincrease, figures in Australia remain below those observed in 2000 (13,100 claims) and 2001\n(12,400 claims). In New Zealand, levels continue to be fairly low and stable (130 claims during\nthe first half of 2009).\n\nIn **Japan/Republic of Korea**, some 950 individuals requested refugee status during the first\nhalf of 2009, 12 per cent more than during the same period in 2008. Figures for Japan indicate\nthat the number of claims lodged during the first half of 2009 (750) is the second highest level\nfor a semester for which data is available. [5] In the Republic of Korea, less than 200 individuals\nrequested international protection during the first half of 2009, practically the same level as the\ntwo previous semesters.\n\n## **III. Countries of asylum**\n\nThe **United States of America** continued to be the largest single recipient of new asylum\nclaims during the first six months of 2009. During the first half of 2009, the United States of\nAmerica received 13 per cent of all applications lodged in the 44 industrialized countries\ncovered by this report. Its annual share of the number of asylum claims received among the\ngroup of industrialized countries has fluctuated in recent years, ranging between 12 and 19 per\ncent. An estimated 23,700\nindividuals submitted an **Fig.1 Distribution of asylum claims in 44**\napplication, virtually the same **industrialized countries, 1st semester 2009**\nlevel as the previous semester, but United States\n\n\nSw itzerland\n\n19,400 asylum applications 4.1%\n2009. This figure constituted an increase of 21 per cent compared 4.4% Greece5.3% 5.4%Italy Sw eden5.5% Germany6.5% Kingdom9.5%\nto the corresponding period of\n2008 (16,000), and a 32 per cent increase compared to the second half of 2008 (14,700). This\n\n\n\n**Fig.1 Distribution of asylum claims in 44**\n**industrialized countries, 1st semester 2009**\n\n\n\n\n\nUnited States\n12.8%\nFrance\n\n\n\nSw itzerland\n4.1%\n\n\n\nCanada\n10.1%\n\n\n\n4.4%\n\n\n\nGreece\n5.3%\n\n\n\nKingdom\nItaly Sw eden Germany 9.5%\n5.4% 5.5% 6.5%\n\n\n\n5 Monthly asylum data for Japan is available from 2002.\n\n\n\n_**4**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n\nincrease can partly be attributed to a doubling of asylum claims from Serbia, from 1,200 in the\nfirst two quarters of 2008 to more than 2,300 claims a year later. Four out of five applications\nof Serb citizens are lodged by Kosovars. On average every tenth application in the\nindustrialized world was received by France. Together, the United States (13%) and France\n(10%) received about one out of four applications in the 44 industrialized countries covered by\nthis report.\n\nFollowing closely after France, **Canada** was the third largest recipient of applications among\nthe 44 countries, with 18,700 new asylum requests registered during the first two quarters of\n2009. This is an 11 per cent increase compared to the second semester of 2008 (16,800 claims),\nand is 65 per cent higher than during the first half of 2007 (11,400). The last two semesters\nwere the highest levels witnessed in Canada since the second half of 2001 (23,700). The\nincrease can be attributed by and large to more Czechs and Hungarians requesting protection in\nCanada. The former submitted close to\n1,800 asylum applications during the first **Fig. 2 Asylum claims submitted in**\n\n**10 major receiving countries (1** **[st]** **half 2009)**\n\nhalf of 2009, compared to only 820 during\n\ncountry lodged 800 requests in Canada\nduring 2009, compared to 300 during the 30,000\nwhole of 2008.\n\n20,000\n\nThe **United Kingdom** ranked fourth among\n\n10,000\n\nthe 44 industrialized countries with 17,700\nnew applications received during the first 0\nsix months of 2009. This constituted a 21 USA FRA CAN UK GER SWE ITA GRE NOR SWI\nand 10 per cent increase respectively\ncompared to the first and second semesters of 2008. These figures are, however, far below\nthose of 2002 when some 47,800 individuals requested refugee status in the United Kingdom\nduring the first half of the year. It is primarily Zimbabweans, the main source country of\nasylum-seekers in the United Kingdom, who account for this increase, with 5,900 asylum\nclaims submitted by its citizens during the first half of 2009, some 1,600 claims more than\nduring the whole of 2008. [6]\n\n**Germany** received the fifth largest number of asylum-seekers during the first half year of 2009\n(12,000 claims). One quarter of the asylum-seekers in Germany were Iraqis (3,000), and\ntogether with asylum-seekers from Afghanistan (1,100), these two nationalities made up more\nthan one third of Germany\u2019s asylum-seekers. Germany was followed by **Sweden** (10,100\nclaims), **Italy** (10,000 claims), **Greece** (9,800 claims), **Norway** (8,200 claims), and\n**Switzerland** (7,700 claims).\n\n\n\n**Fig. 2 Asylum claims submitted in**\n**10 major receiving countries (1** **[st]** **half 2009)**\n\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nUSA FRA CAN UK GER SWE ITA GRE NOR SWI\n\n\n\n6 The sudden rise in UK asylum claims involving Zimbabwean nationals may in part be attributable to the RN [ (Returnees)\nZimbabwe v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2008] UKAIT 00083, United Kingdom: Asylum and\nImmigration Tribunal 19 November 2008, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49243bcb2.html ] country\nguidance case of November 2008 held (para. 258) that \u201cThe evidence establishes clearly that those at risk on return to\nZimbabwe on account of imputed political opinion are no longer restricted to those who are perceived to be members or\nsupporters of the MDC but include anyone who is unable to demonstrate support for or loyalty to the regime or Zanu-PF.\u201d\nConsequently, many Zimbabweans whose asylum claims had previously been rejected for lack of actual or sufficient political\ninvolvement with the MDC or those who had previously not made any claims, are now lodging applications as they felt the\ndecision in RN would lead to a favourable outcome.\n\n\n_**5**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n## **IV. Origin of asylum-seekers**\n\n**Iraq** again became the main country of orgin of asylum-seekers in industrialized countries in\n2006, having previously been the main source country in 2000 and 2002. Iraq also continued to\nbe the leading country of origin of asylum applicants during the first six months of 2009 with\n13,200 asylum claims lodged by its citizens. The latest figures, however, show a decreasing\ntrend, with roughly one third fewer Iraqis requesting international protection compared to the\nprevious two semesters. The decrease in Iraqi claims was particularly significant during the\nsecond quarter of 2009 when 5,400 applied for asylum in the 44 industrialized countries, the\nlowest quarterly level since the second quarter of 2006 (3,900).\n\n\n**Fig. 3 Main countries of origin of asylum-**\n\nDuring the first six months of 2009,\n\n**seekers, January-June 2009**\n\nIraqis lodged asylum applications in 38 13,200\n\n\n7,700\n\n\nspread across countries. More than half\nof all Iraqi claims were submitted in\njust four countries: Germany (3,000),\nTurkey [7] (2,600), Sweden (1,000) and\nthe Netherlands (950). The decrease in IRQ AFG SOM CHI SRB RUS NIG MEX ZIM PAK\nIraqi asylum claims was observed among all major receiving countries, and in particular in\nSweden, where figures plummeted, from an average of roughly 9,300 claims per semester\nduring 2007, to 1,000 during the reporting period. Although the levels and trends in asylum\nflows are often difficult to explain, they can sometimes be related to concrete policy changes.\nIn the case of Sweden, the change in Swedish decision making on Iraqi asylum claims,\nfollowing the Migration Court\u2019s [8] determination that the situation in Iraq is not one of \u201carmed\nconflict\u201d, may have led to a shift in flows to other countries such as Germany, Finland and\nNorway.\n\n**Afghanistan** was the second largest source country of asylum-seekers among the 44\nindustrialized countries. With more than 12,000 Afghan asylum claims lodged during the first\nhalf of 2009, almost double the figure as for the corresponding period of 2008 (6,600), the\nlatest trends show that semester figures are at\n\n**Fig. 4 Afghan asylum claims lodged in 44**\n**industrialized countries, 2000-2009** their highest since the first half of 2002\n\n\nyears. Afghans currently constitute 7 per cent\n\n30,000\n\nof all asylum applications lodged in the 44\n\n20,000\n\nindustrialized countries.\n\n10,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n- 2009 data refers to January-June only. 35 out of the 44 industrialized countries\n\ncovered by this report. One out of three\nAfghan asylum requests was lodged in either the United Kingdom or Norway (2,000 claims\neach). The increase was in particular strong in Norway where figures almost sextupled\ncompared to the first half of 2008. Other countries receiving a relatively high number of\nAfghan asylum-seekers included Greece and Germany (1,100 claims each).\n\n\n\n**Fig. 3 Main countries of origin of asylum-**\n**seekers, January-June 2009**\n13,200\n\n9,300 9,200\n8,500\n7,700\n6,600 6,600 6,200\n\n\n\nIRQ AFG SOM CHI SRB RUS NIG MEX ZIM PAK\n\n\n\n**Fig. 4 Afghan asylum claims lodged in 44**\n**industrialized countries, 2000-2009**\n\n\n\n60,000\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09*\n\n- 2009 data refers to January-June only.\n\n\n\n7 Refers to asylum applications submitted to UNHCR.\n8 Swedish Migration Court of Appeal, caseno. UN23-06, 26 February 2007.\n\n\n_**6**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n\nThe number of **Somalis** requesting refugee **Fig. 5 Somali asylum claims lodged in 44**\nstatus in the industrialized world also **industrialized countries, 2000-2009**\ncontinued to rise during the first half of 2009. 25,000\nMore than 11,100 asylum-seekers were 20,000\nregistered during this period, some 3,300\n\n15,000\n\nmore than during the first half of 2008\n(+42%). Somalia is now the third largest 10,000\ncountry of origin of asylum-seekers. The 5,000\n**Netherlands** recorded some 3,100 or almost 0\nthree out of ten Somali claims between '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09*\nJanuary and June 2009, as compared to 1,400 - 2009 data refers to January-June only.\nduring the same period of 2008, while **Sweden** and **Italy** recorded 2,100 and 1,200 Somali\nasylum applications respectively during the first semester of 2009.\n\n**China** and **Serbia** [9] were the fourth and fifth largest source countries of asylum-seekers with\n9,300 and 9,200 asylum applications lodged respectively. Both countries showed an increasing\ntrend during the first half of 2009. The former increased by 8 per cent, compared to the\ncorresponding period of 2008, the highest semester level since the first half of 2005 (9,600\nclaims). The latter went up by half during the same period to reach its highest level since the\nsecond semester of 2005 (11,100 claims).\n\n**Distribution of main five nationalities seeking asylum**\n**in the industrialized world, first half 2009**\n\n\n\n**Fig. 5 Somali asylum claims lodged in 44**\n**industrialized countries, 2000-2009**\n\n\n\n25,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09*\n\n- 2009 data refers to January-June only.\n\n\n\n**Note** : This map is limited to the 44 countries which provide monthly asylum statistics to UNHCR.\n\nChina and Serbia were followed by the **Russian Federation** (8,500 applications in first\nsemester of 2009), **Nigeria** (7,700), **Mexico** (6,600), **Zimbabwe** (6,600), and **Pakistan** (6,200).\nOther important source countries of asylum-seekers in the 44 industrialized countries during\nthe first half of 2009 were **Sri Lanka** (5,200 claims), the **Islamic Republic of Iran** (4,600),\n**Eritrea** (4,500) **, Bangladesh** (3,800), and **Georgia** (3,800).\n\nIn total, 28 countries among the top-40 countries of origin reported an increase from the first\nsemester of 2008 to the first semester of 2009. The highest relative increase was recorded for\n**Czech** citizens whose asylum claims more than quadrupled from 400 to 1,800. Similarly, there\n\n\n9 Country of origin figures for Serbia include Kosovo.\n\n\n_**7**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.7438585758209229, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.5661041736602783, - "start": 46, - "end": 48 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9545667767524719, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5259018540382385, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9708209037780762, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.5814870595932007, - "start": 434, - "end": 437 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7830115556716919, - "start": 438, - "end": 439 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.6882572174072266, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2000-2009", - "confidence": 0.5559075474739075, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Country of origin figures", - "confidence": 0.8475356101989746, - "start": 647, - "end": 651 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.793339729309082, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\nwas a major increase in asylum applications lodged by **Hungarian** citizens whose numbers\nreached 900 claims during the first half of 2009 compared to only 350 during the whole of\n2008. In both cases, almost all Czech and Hungarian asylum claims were lodged in Canada.\n**Zimbabwean** applications recorded the third highest relative increase during the first two\nquarters of 2009 compared to the first six months of 2008 by almost tripling from 2,300 to\n6,600 (+181%), with 9 out of 10 claims being lodged in the **United Kingdom** alone (5,900). In\naddition, **Georgian** (3,800) and **Mongolian** (1,400) asylum claims increased significantly\nduring the reporting period (77 and 60 per cent respectively). While the former were\npredominantly recorded in **Greece** (1,200) and **Poland** (970), the latter were submitted mainly\nin **Sweden** (450).\n\nAmong the major source countries of asylum-seekers, significant increases were also registered\nby asylum applicants originating from **Nigeria** (+47%), **Bangladesh** (+38%), **Armenia**\n(+34%), **Mexico** (+27%), **Guinea** (+27%), **Algeria** (+23%), and **Sri Lanka** (+12%).\nConversely, among countries of origin whose nationals lodged 1,000 or more asylum claims\nduring the first semester of 2009, major decreases were recorded among asylum applicants\noriginating from **Colombia, Haiti,** and **C\u00f4te d'Ivoire** (-32% each), **Cameroon** (-19%), **El**\n**Salvador** (-14%), and **Turkey** (-11%).\n\nThe distribution of asylum-seekers in industrialized countries as described above reflects\ngeneral trends. However, these figures hide the fact that certain nationalities tend to cluster in a\nlimited number of countries. For example, almost half of all Somali asylum claims lodged\nduring the first half of 2009 were submitted in Sweden (28%) and the Netherlands (19%). More\nthan half of all **Chinese** asylum applications (57%) lodged during the first semester of 2009\nwere submitted in the United States of America while virtually all applications lodged by\n**Mexican** nationals were registered in **Canada** (83%) or the **United States of America** (17%).\nSimilarly, the 8,500 asylum applicants from the **Russian Federation** primarily submitted their\nclaims in **Poland** (25%), **Austria** (20%), and **France** (17%). More than one third of the 7,700\n**Nigerian** asylum applications were lodged in Italy (2,800).\n\n\n_**8**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.796653151512146, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8662140369415283, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somali asylum claims", - "confidence": 0.7968175411224365, - "start": 450, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum applications", - "confidence": 0.7057645320892334, - "start": 612, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.8778151869773865, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2007 to second quarter 2009**
See footnotes on next page.
'09-'08|'09-'08|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Albania|12
|11
|3
|2
|5
|2
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-70%|-100%|-100%|..|\n|Australia|912
|1,039
|1,022
|998
|942
|1,027
|1,488
|1,293
|1,258
|1,246
|1%|27%|28%|-10%|\n|Austria|3,064
|2,645
|2,948
|3,264
|2,812
|2,535
|3,547
|3,947
|3,786
|3,732
|-6%|41%|32%|0%|\n|Belgium|2,802
|2,728
|2,565
|3,020
|2,941
|2,777
|3,158
|3,376
|3,567
|3,611
|3%|26%|30%|10%|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|5
|454
|55
|58
|52
|16
|6
|26
|27
|14
|-85%|-40%|-91%|28%|\n|Bulgaria|231
|209
|232
|303
|236
|181
|173
|156
|228
|183
|-5%|-1%|-7%|25%|\n|Canada|5,890
|5,490
|7,587
|9,375
|8,411
|8,424
|10,285
|9,775
|9,254
|9,468
|48%|11%|65%|-7%|\n|Croatia|31
|35
|51
|78
|38
|30
|31
|56
|28
|29
|3%|-16%|-14%|-34%|\n|Cyprus|1,651
|1,649
|1,381
|2,108
|1,117
|896
|981
|928
|891
|716
|-39%|-20%|-51%|-16%|\n|Czech Rep.|464
|382
|471
|561
|582
|349
|349
|410
|366
|339
|10%|-24%|-17%|-7%|\n|Denmark|603
|376
|407
|486
|533
|448
|592
|787
|938
|735
|0%|71%|71%|21%|\n|Estonia|1
|5
|1
|2
|3
|3
|1
|7
|8
|2
|0%|67%|67%|25%|\n|Finland|308
|296
|451
|379
|395
|636
|1,227
|1,758
|1,490
|1,189
|71%|160%|344%|-10%|\n|France|7,656
|7,037
|6,774
|7,691
|7,849
|8,175
|8,772
|10,368
|10,041
|9,375
|9%|21%|32%|1%|\n|Germany|4,430
|3,791
|5,172
|5,140
|5,760
|4,965
|5,417
|5,229
|6,273
|5,706
|30%|12%|46%|13%|\n|Greece|7,446
|7,148
|5,456
|5,063
|4,916
|5,249
|4,863
|4,856
|4,718
|5,059
|-30%|-4%|-33%|1%|\n|Hungary|509
|696
|770
|1,444
|701
|517
|794
|1,106
|1,262
|1,007
|1%|86%|88%|19%|\n|Iceland|10
|7
|17
|8
|15
|19
|28
|16
|4
|8
|100%|-65%|-29%|-73%|\n|Ireland|1,065
|911
|970
|1,039
|924
|929
|1,032
|980
|794
|714
|-6%|-19%|-24%|-25%|\n|Italy|..|..|..|..|4,966
|6,115
|10,166
|9,917
|4,793
|5,181
|..|-10%|..|-50%|\n|Japan|163
|206
|201
|246
|309
|365
|426
|499
|426
|329
|83%|12%|105%|-18%|\n|Latvia|4
|9
|19
|2
|4
|5
|11
|31
|2
|3
|-31%|-44%|-62%|-88%|\n|Liechtenstein|4
|10
|10
|8
|10
|6
|6
|4
|18
|12
|14%|88%|114%|200%|\n|Lithuania|47
|21
|15
|33
|33
|33
|56
|94
|40
|35
|-3%|14%|10%|-50%|\n|Luxembourg|101
|97
|124
|104
|99
|99
|165
|100
|94
|101
|0%|-2%|-2%|-26%|\n|Malta|257
|140
|405
|577
|478
|623
|894
|612
|671
|531
|177%|9%|203%|-20%|\n|Montenegro|2
|-
|-
|-
|3
|2
|2
|-
|6
|8
|150%|180%|600%|600%|\n|Netherlands|1,660
|1,373
|1,845
|2,224
|2,656
|3,109
|4,004
|3,630
|3,623
|3,471
|90%|23%|134%|-7%|\n|New Zealand|67
|48
|60
|73
|71
|63
|57
|63
|65
|61
|17%|-6%|10%|5%|\n|Norway|1,215
|1,233
|1,927
|2,153
|2,478
|2,915
|4,682
|4,356
|3,825
|4,341
|120%|51%|234%|-10%|\n|Poland|717
|659
|1,526
|4,214
|1,503
|1,507
|2,026
|2,167
|1,162
|2,303
|119%|15%|152%|-17%|\n|Portugal|67
|76
|37
|41
|31
|62
|35
|33
|43
|43
|-35%|-8%|-40%|26%|\n|Rep. of Korea|167
|154
|122
|274
|102
|70
|86
|106
|97
|97
|-46%|13%|-40%|1%|\n|Romania|87
|115
|278
|179
|189
|169
|333
|392
|239
|201
|77%|23%|118%|-39%|\n|Serbia|6
|6
|22
|30
|25
|7
|32
|13
|29
|80
|167%|241%|808%|142%|\n|Slovakia|670
|822
|769
|382
|172
|247
|241
|250
|167
|178
|-72%|-18%|-77%|-30%|\n|Slovenia|62
|121
|140
|104
|42
|72
|46
|78
|61
|26
|-38%|-24%|-52%|-30%|\n|Spain|2,333
|1,849
|1,440
|1,841
|1,150
|1,211
|990
|1,127
|898
|736
|-44%|-31%|-61%|-23%|\n|Sweden|9,228
|8,393
|9,423
|9,163
|7,049
|5,221
|5,978
|6,105
|5,221
|4,908
|-30%|-17%|-43%|-16%|\n|Switzerland|2,719
|2,117
|2,130
|2,557
|2,429
|2,834
|4,055
|5,860
|4,564
|3,102
|9%|46%|59%|-23%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|4
|10
|7
|12
|7
|6
|35
|6
|6
|57
|-7%|385%|350%|54%|\n|Turkey|1,202
|2,019
|2,476
|1,945
|2,210
|2,629
|4,000
|4,142
|2,463
|1,820
|50%|-11%|33%|-47%|\n|United Kingdom|6,750
|5,920
|7,090
|8,140
|7,705
|6,840
|7,985
|8,015
|10,285
|7,380
|15%|21%|39%|10%|\n|United States (EOIR)|4,142
|3,683
|2,731
|3,522
|3,411
|3,866
|3,232
|3,292
|3,355
|3,418
|-7%|-7%|-13%|4%|\n|United States (DHS)|9,344
|9,842
|8,021
|8,308
|9,002
|9,286
|9,100
|8,091
|7,759
|9,146
|-5%|-8%|-12%|-2%|\n|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|\n|EU-old (15)|..|..|..|..|49,786
|48,371
|57,931
|60,228
|56,564
|51,941
|..|11%|..|-8%|\n|EU-new (12)|4,700
|4,828
|6,007
|9,909
|5,060
|4,602
|5,905
|6,231
|5,097
|5,524
|1%|10%|11%|-12%|\n|EU-total (27)|..|..|..|..|54,846
|52,973
|63,836
|66,459
|61,661
|57,465
|..|10%|..|-9%|\n|Nordic region (5)|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,470
|9,239
|12,507
|13,022
|11,478
|11,181
|-9%|15%|5%|-11%|\n|Western Europe (19)|..|..|..|..|54,718
|54,145
|66,702
|70,464
|64,975
|59,404
|..|14%|..|-9%|\n|Central Europe (11)|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,503
|3,113
|4,061
|4,747
|3,563
|4,306
|12%|19%|33%|-11%|\n|Southern Europe (8)|..|..|..|..|14,873
|16,787
|21,929
|21,615
|14,477
|14,086
|..|-10%|..|-34%|\n|Europe (38)|..|..|..|..|62,118
|61,439
|76,713
|80,938
|72,631
|66,936
|..|13%|..|-11%|\n|Non-Europe (6)|20,685
|20,462
|19,744
|22,796
|22,248
|23,101
|24,674
|23,119
|22,214
|23,765
|10%|1%|12%|-4%|\n|North America (2)|19,376
|19,015
|18,339
|21,205
|20,824
|21,576
|22,617
|21,158
|20,368
|22,032
|10%|0%|10%|-3%|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|979
|1,087
|1,082
|1,071
|1,013
|1,090
|1,545
|1,356
|1,323
|1,307
|2%|25%|27%|-9%|\n|**Total (44)**|..|..|..|..|**84,366**
|**84,540**
|**101,387**
|**104,057**
|**94,845**
|**90,701**
|..|**10%**|..|**-10%**|\n|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|\n|EU-old (14)|47,513
|42,640
|44,702
|47,595
|44,820
|42,256
|47,765
|50,311
|51,771
|46,760
|-3%|13%|9%|0%|\n|EU-total (26)|52,213
|47,468
|50,709
|57,504
|49,880
|46,858
|53,670
|56,542
|56,868
|52,284
|-3%|13%|10%|-1%|\n|Western Europe (18)|51,461
|46,007
|48,786
|52,321
|49,752
|48,030
|56,536
|60,547
|60,182
|54,223
|0%|17%|17%|-2%|\n|Southern Europe (7)|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|9,907
|10,672
|11,763
|11,698
|9,684
|8,905
|-20%|-10%|-28%|-21%|\n|Europe (37)|57,423
|53,370
|57,407
|64,355
|57,152
|55,324
|66,547
|71,021
|67,838
|61,755
|2%|15%|17%|-6%|\n|**Total (43)**|**78,108**
|**73,832**
|**77,151**
|**87,151**
|**79,400**
|**78,425**
|**91,221**
|**94,140**
|**90,052**
|**85,520**
|4%|11%|16%|-5%|\n|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|\n\n\n\n_**9**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n_**10**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
Excluding Italy '09-'08 Incl. Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
**Excluding Italy**
'09-'08
**Incl. Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'09-'08|**Incl. Italy**|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2007|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Iraq|10,713
|10,682
|11,722
|11,723
|10,657
|8,840
|10,507
|10,361
|7,726
|5,446
|-9%|-32%|-38%|-37%|45,029

9,984

12,303

17,197

15,809

18,776

8,011

9,560

3,045

14,448

7,750

8,647

9,001

6,053

4,029

7,158

3,930

5,531

6,644

4,797

3,100

5,023

222

2,873

6,641

3,028

3,611

2,720

3,101

1,678

2,610

2,390

1,721

1,641

2,177

1,502

738

2,469

92

1,794

53,317
|\n|Afghanistan|2,278
|2,265
|2,183
|2,595
|3,274
|3,358
|5,724
|6,097
|6,010
|6,001
|46%|81%|164%|2%|2%|\n|Somalia|2,560
|2,411
|3,237
|3,338
|3,514
|4,288
|6,712
|7,306
|5,269
|5,838
|57%|42%|123%|-21%|-21%|\n|China|4,422
|4,191
|4,087
|4,484
|4,104
|4,555
|4,370
|4,367
|4,294
|5,044
|1%|8%|8%|7%|7%|\n|Serbia *|3,835
|3,678
|3,709
|3,474
|3,348
|2,909
|3,902
|4,734
|4,816
|4,422
|-17%|48%|23%|7%|7%|\n|Russian Federation|3,320
|3,266
|4,221
|7,933
|5,180
|4,236
|5,390
|5,634
|4,243
|4,264
|43%|-10%|29%|-23%|-23%|\n|Nigeria|1,633
|1,464
|1,685
|1,893
|2,471
|2,761
|4,014
|4,442
|3,793
|3,890
|69%|47%|148%|-9%|-9%|\n|Mexico|2,112
|2,318
|2,565
|2,565
|2,517
|2,700
|3,559
|3,401
|3,252
|3,392
|18%|27%|50%|-5%|-5%|\n|Zimbabwe|590
|646
|786
|1,021
|1,172
|1,167
|1,778
|1,429
|4,248
|2,325
|89%|181%|432%|105%|105%|\n|Pakistan|4,004
|3,365
|3,916
|2,987
|3,232
|3,202
|3,358
|3,469
|3,050
|3,150
|-13%|-4%|-16%|-9%|-9%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,866
|1,734
|1,931
|1,995
|2,355
|2,333
|2,277
|2,647
|2,886
|2,362
|30%|12%|46%|7%|7%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,988
|1,788
|2,258
|2,544
|2,409
|2,206
|2,970
|3,179
|2,567
|2,067
|22%|0%|23%|-25%|-25%|\n|Eritrea|1,598
|1,007
|1,737
|2,399
|2,193
|1,953
|3,647
|4,501
|2,527
|1,955
|59%|8%|72%|-45%|-45%|\n|Bangladesh|2,448
|1,262
|925
|1,103
|1,297
|1,483
|1,411
|1,989
|2,075
|1,760
|-25%|38%|3%|13%|13%|\n|Georgia|824
|1,287
|946
|952
|931
|1,233
|1,565
|1,725
|1,405
|2,427
|3%|77%|82%|16%|16%|\n|Turkey|1,863
|1,624
|1,486
|1,791
|2,052
|1,686
|1,643
|1,987
|1,786
|1,544
|7%|-11%|-5%|-8%|-8%|\n|Armenia|947
|887
|966
|1,109
|963
|1,030
|1,194
|1,174
|1,486
|1,185
|9%|34%|46%|13%|13%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|1,437
|1,427
|1,115
|1,525
|1,167
|1,284
|1,312
|1,061
|1,190
|1,376
|-14%|5%|-10%|8%|8%|\n|Haiti|1,540
|1,418
|1,773
|1,913
|1,787
|1,895
|1,918
|1,523
|1,260
|1,256
|24%|-32%|-15%|-27%|-27%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,291
|1,275
|1,049
|1,145
|1,315
|1,273
|1,291
|1,310
|1,309
|1,106
|1%|-7%|-6%|-7%|-7%|\n|Guinea|738
|690
|718
|737
|899
|894
|1,071
|1,129
|1,189
|1,094
|26%|27%|60%|4%|4%|\n|India|1,402
|1,283
|1,215
|1,061
|1,040
|1,204
|1,401
|1,137
|1,092
|1,115
|-16%|-2%|-18%|-13%|-13%|\n|Czech Rep.|26
|19
|19
|158
|197
|206
|180
|326
|674
|1,158
|796%|355%|>500%|262%|262%|\n|Algeria|692
|584
|718
|810
|770
|688
|1,044
|1,046
|931
|865
|14%|23%|41%|-14%|-14%|\n|Colombia|1,177
|1,602
|1,430
|2,366
|1,308
|1,312
|1,162
|1,212
|928
|841
|-6%|-32%|-36%|-25%|-25%|\n|Ethiopia|661
|619
|665
|684
|762
|750
|929
|966
|801
|845
|18%|9%|29%|-13%|-13%|\n|El Salvador|1,025
|955
|747
|867
|796
|948
|788
|781
|784
|710
|-12%|-14%|-25%|-5%|-5%|\n|Stateless|640
|595
|765
|718
|625
|597
|861
|709
|712
|757
|-1%|20%|19%|-6%|-6%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|617
|490
|522
|490
|1,061
|1,034
|1,029
|1,024
|695
|724
|89%|-32%|28%|-31%|-31%|\n|Mongolia|441
|436
|418
|381
|483
|377
|456
|553
|822
|552
|-2%|60%|57%|36%|36%|\n|Viet Nam|497
|636
|554
|920
|522
|460
|521
|479
|649
|652
|-13%|32%|15%|30%|30%|\n|Sudan|571
|478
|460
|498
|548
|572
|738
|795
|605
|583
|7%|6%|13%|-23%|-23%|\n|Albania|416
|355
|401
|526
|447
|450
|494
|531
|537
|580
|16%|25%|45%|9%|9%|\n|Ghana|230
|184
|211
|343
|394
|515
|1,043
|868
|521
|528
|120%|15%|153%|-45%|-45%|\n|Cameroon|544
|472
|520
|521
|591
|690
|667
|637
|529
|509
|26%|-19%|2%|-20%|-20%|\n|Azerbaijan|326
|328
|401
|436
|458
|375
|459
|536
|550
|454
|27%|21%|54%|1%|1%|\n|Mauritania|202
|191
|150
|166
|224
|230
|251
|407
|464
|513
|16%|115%|149%|48%|48%|\n|Guatemala|733
|739
|430
|567
|521
|565
|595
|501
|484
|483
|-26%|-11%|-34%|-12%|-12%|\n|Hungary|43
|22
|16
|11
|23
|77
|84
|162
|217
|678
|54%|795%|>500%|264%|264%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|543
|394
|524
|304
|236
|386
|342
|293
|283
|443
|-34%|17%|-23%|14%|14%|\n|Other|12,647
|11,952
|11,680
|13,724
|13,953
|15,166
|16,130
|15,316
|13,971
|13,196
|18%|-7%|10%|-14%|-14%|\n|Total|75,440
|71,019
|74,861
|84,777
|81,796
|81,888
|98,787
|101,744
|92,630
|88,090
|12%|10%|23%|-10%|320,150
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**11**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.5072948336601257, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8356937170028687, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.5678339600563049, - "start": 220, - "end": 226 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8351188898086548, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.5425416231155396, - "start": 296, - "end": 299 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.8658953309059143, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5272743105888367, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "First semester change", - "confidence": 0.6517528295516968, - "start": 464, - "end": 467 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.8649071455001831, - "start": 539, - "end": 540 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.688582718372345, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "'08-'07", - "confidence": 0.6108257174491882, - "start": 508, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
Excluding Italy '09-'08 Incl. Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
**Excluding Italy**
'09-'08
**Incl. Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'09-'08|**Incl. Italy**|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2007|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Afghanistan|2,164
|2,168
|2,082
|2,500
|3,171
|3,238
|5,563
|5,942
|5,783
|5,747
|48%|80%|166%|0%|9,577

11,846

43,748

15,372

17,760

6,949

13,490

3,928

2,521

6,160

7,987

8,524

5,696

5,922

6,823

5,396

3,605

4,339

2,428

2,762

3,394

2,543

2,695

2,466

2,169

1,495

669

1,434

1,153

1,635

1,445

687

984

1,468

703

817

534

1,646

1,117

973

31,751
|\n|Somalia|2,435
|2,321
|3,132
|3,201
|3,335
|4,110
|6,486
|7,114
|5,057
|5,631
|57%|44%|125%|-21%|-21%|\n|Iraq|10,395
|10,381
|11,373
|11,410
|10,327
|8,491
|10,135
|10,030
|7,494
|5,212
|-9%|-32%|-39%|-37%|-37%|\n|Serbia *|3,731
|3,568
|3,621
|3,339
|3,227
|2,806
|3,818
|4,649
|4,750
|4,352
|-17%|51%|25%|7%|7%|\n|Russian Federation|3,093
|2,921
|4,017
|7,693
|4,958
|3,914
|5,154
|5,414
|4,024
|3,881
|48%|-11%|31%|-25%|-25%|\n|Nigeria|1,390
|1,246
|1,402
|1,575
|2,212
|2,559
|3,744
|4,184
|3,510
|3,700
|81%|51%|174%|-9%|-9%|\n|Pakistan|3,766
|3,140
|3,704
|2,704
|2,957
|2,943
|3,038
|3,179
|2,723
|2,838
|-15%|-6%|-19%|-11%|-11%|\n|Georgia|800
|1,257
|923
|928
|909
|1,197
|1,501
|1,670
|1,348
|2,382
|2%|77%|81%|18%|18%|\n|Zimbabwe|481
|530
|643
|865
|967
|987
|1,505
|1,251
|3,983
|2,120
|93%|212%|504%|121%|121%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,464
|1,352
|1,545
|1,575
|1,867
|1,887
|1,785
|2,096
|2,347
|1,914
|33%|14%|51%|10%|10%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,833
|1,645
|2,084
|2,356
|2,184
|2,044
|2,730
|2,961
|2,334
|1,868
|22%|-1%|21%|-26%|-26%|\n|Eritrea|1,488
|900
|1,606
|2,270
|2,051
|1,817
|3,489
|4,321
|2,328
|1,794
|62%|7%|73%|-47%|-47%|\n|Bangladesh|2,355
|1,175
|841
|1,010
|1,191
|1,362
|1,268
|1,886
|1,977
|1,658
|-28%|42%|3%|15%|15%|\n|China|1,453
|1,413
|1,602
|1,441
|993
|1,304
|1,054
|1,247
|1,244
|1,532
|-20%|21%|-3%|21%|21%|\n|Turkey|1,787
|1,556
|1,400
|1,686
|1,908
|1,579
|1,517
|1,851
|1,658
|1,420
|4%|-12%|-8%|-9%|-9%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|1,401
|1,401
|1,087
|1,480
|1,130
|1,253
|1,269
|1,010
|1,163
|1,332
|-15%|5%|-11%|9%|9%|\n|Armenia|847
|794
|900
|1,043
|888
|956
|1,098
|1,092
|1,414
|1,121
|12%|37%|54%|16%|16%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,187
|1,176
|935
|1,004
|1,155
|1,152
|1,141
|1,177
|1,193
|991
|-2%|-5%|-8%|-6%|-6%|\n|Guinea|569
|526
|549
|567
|755
|784
|934
|1,001
|1,051
|968
|41%|31%|84%|4%|4%|\n|Algeria|663
|563
|697
|770
|740
|671
|1,005
|1,013
|897
|837
|15%|23%|41%|-14%|-14%|\n|India|1,005
|794
|876
|657
|659
|761
|869
|680
|704
|755
|-21%|3%|-19%|-6%|-6%|\n|Stateless|598
|553
|727
|663
|581
|551
|812
|662
|662
|716
|-2%|22%|20%|-7%|-7%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|512
|396
|407
|398
|988
|965
|968
|944
|639
|621
|115%|-35%|39%|-34%|-34%|\n|Viet Nam|462
|606
|512
|883
|476
|410
|459
|450
|603
|614
|-17%|37%|14%|34%|34%|\n|Sudan|522
|418
|407
|439
|486
|509
|682
|753
|558
|534
|6%|10%|16%|-24%|-24%|\n|Mongolia|385
|402
|372
|334
|434
|334
|399
|506
|775
|493
|-2%|65%|61%|40%|40%|\n|Mauritania|178
|174
|136
|152
|202
|209
|239
|386
|440
|490
|17%|126%|164%|49%|49%|\n|Ghana|201
|151
|181
|228
|343
|483
|1,007
|838
|487
|485
|135%|18%|176%|-47%|-47%|\n|Albania|295
|246
|263
|326
|242
|322
|386
|397
|430
|471
|4%|60%|67%|15%|15%|\n|Ethiopia|302
|291
|326
|317
|399
|353
|531
|525
|443
|471
|27%|22%|54%|-13%|-13%|\n|Azerbaijan|313
|313
|387
|421
|446
|357
|440
|518
|536
|426
|28%|20%|54%|0%|0%|\n|Haiti|245
|153
|141
|148
|203
|206
|234
|298
|266
|415
|3%|67%|71%|28%|28%|\n|Mali|86
|140
|169
|321
|570
|1,130
|1,131
|612
|247
|372
|652%|-64%|174%|-64%|-64%|\n|Cameroon|356
|306
|349
|337
|402
|473
|439
|427
|374
|371
|32%|-15%|13%|-14%|-14%|\n|Gambia|148
|130
|143
|140
|288
|303
|345
|398
|558
|355
|113%|54%|228%|23%|23%|\n|Morocco|267
|175
|173
|177
|200
|274
|256
|306
|276
|306
|7%|23%|32%|4%|4%|\n|Senegal|117
|75
|135
|140
|228
|265
|266
|279
|322
|285
|157%|23%|216%|11%|11%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|517
|360
|486
|254
|184
|279
|297
|221
|192
|283
|-47%|3%|-46%|-8%|-8%|\n|Angola|325
|291
|242
|248
|308
|328
|218
|227
|261
|244
|3%|-21%|-18%|13%|13%|\n|Bosnia and H.|279
|221
|251
|214
|222
|181
|272
|287
|260
|238
|-19%|24%|0%|-11%|-11%|\n|Other|7,010
|7,141
|6,583
|8,141
|7,334
|7,693
|8,229
|8,135
|7,322
|6,695
|6%|-7%|-1%|-14%|-14%|\n|Total|57,425
|53,369
|57,409
|64,355
|62,120
|61,440
|76,713
|80,937
|72,633
|66,938
|12%|13%|26%|-11%|246,611
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**12**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.6647430062294006, - "start": 238, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.9679028391838074, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5126008987426758, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "January 2008", - "confidence": 0.5514358282089233, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dem. Rep. of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.5538727641105652, - "start": 2333, - "end": 2340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union (27) by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
Excluding Italy '09-'08 Incl. Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union (27) by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
**Excluding Italy**
'09-'08
**Incl. Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'09-'08|**Incl. Italy**|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2007|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Somalia|2,110
|2,000
|2,599
|2,636
|2,819
|3,497
|5,326
|5,470
|4,194
|4,918
|54%|44%|122%|-16%|10,102

8,321

13,348

38,117

16,738

6,509

13,369

3,725

2,496

5,654

5,270

5,634

5,883

6,220

5,035

3,568

6,188

3,999

2,301

3,281

2,618

2,415

2,533

650

2,009

1,402

1,382

1,076

685

1,398

2,026

975

1,319

661

761

1,603

1,184

505

1,236

984

28,770
|\n|Afghanistan|1,993
|1,924
|1,636
|2,105
|2,837
|2,720
|3,782
|4,175
|4,633
|4,079
|42%|57%|122%|9%|9%|\n|Serbia *|3,379
|2,824
|3,144
|2,888
|2,714
|2,386
|3,325
|4,208
|4,276
|3,969
|-18%|62%|33%|9%|9%|\n|Iraq|9,364
|8,836
|9,628
|10,100
|8,264
|6,194
|6,723
|6,422
|5,217
|3,687
|-21%|-38%|-51%|-32%|-32%|\n|Russian Federation|2,886
|2,715
|3,721
|7,380
|4,652
|3,654
|4,788
|5,088
|3,792
|3,622
|48%|-11%|32%|-25%|-25%|\n|Nigeria|1,313
|1,156
|1,278
|1,426
|1,988
|2,276
|3,371
|3,645
|2,912
|3,122
|73%|42%|144%|-14%|-14%|\n|Pakistan|3,757
|3,084
|3,681
|2,671
|2,946
|2,916
|3,014
|3,131
|2,671
|2,770
|-14%|-7%|-20%|-11%|-11%|\n|Georgia|749
|1,209
|866
|881
|840
|1,131
|1,358
|1,517
|1,192
|2,309
|1%|78%|79%|22%|22%|\n|Zimbabwe|477
|520
|638
|859
|964
|963
|1,482
|1,237
|3,968
|2,110
|93%|215%|510%|124%|124%|\n|Bangladesh|2,345
|1,168
|835
|991
|1,184
|1,352
|1,260
|1,869
|1,959
|1,638
|-28%|42%|2%|15%|15%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,293
|1,125
|1,317
|1,311
|1,575
|1,527
|1,356
|1,584
|1,817
|1,478
|28%|6%|36%|12%|12%|\n|China|1,323
|1,360
|1,545
|1,393
|929
|1,236
|993
|1,123
|1,158
|1,440
|-19%|20%|-3%|23%|23%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,483
|1,202
|1,432
|1,697
|1,609
|1,300
|1,745
|2,080
|1,713
|1,374
|8%|6%|15%|-19%|-19%|\n|Turkey|1,600
|1,418
|1,253
|1,555
|1,772
|1,432
|1,377
|1,717
|1,528
|1,293
|6%|-12%|-7%|-9%|-9%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|1,325
|1,350
|1,021
|1,312
|1,029
|1,112
|1,144
|877
|1,004
|1,164
|-20%|1%|-19%|7%|7%|\n|Armenia|840
|787
|887
|1,033
|874
|948
|1,080
|1,058
|1,396
|1,102
|12%|37%|54%|17%|17%|\n|Eritrea|771
|655
|1,120
|1,382
|1,350
|981
|2,225
|2,418
|1,095
|936
|63%|-13%|42%|-56%|-56%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|
1,102
|1,110
|862
|888
|1,047
|1,058
|1,045
|1,070
|1,105
|929
|-5%|-3%|-8%|-4%|-4%|\n|Guinea|538
|493
|522
|531
|709
|714
|879
|906
|920
|900
|38%|28%|77%|2%|2%|\n|India|978
|783
|845
|613
|648
|736
|837
|646
|690
|746
|-21%|4%|-18%|-3%|-3%|\n|Algeria|630
|538
|655
|726
|693
|620
|921
|899
|819
|730
|12%|18%|33%|-15%|-15%|\n|Viet Nam|453
|588
|502
|869
|466
|395
|457
|440
|596
|605
|-17%|39%|15%|34%|34%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|481
|344
|372
|354
|953
|921
|895
|904
|592
|576
|127%|-38%|42%|-35%|-35%|\n|Mauritania|173
|173
|136
|139
|196
|195
|221
|354
|412
|459
|13%|123%|152%|51%|51%|\n|Sudan|470
|379
|376
|401
|440
|412
|579
|637
|428
|459
|0%|4%|4%|-27%|-27%|\n|Ghana|197
|145
|172
|215
|321
|467
|987
|809
|461
|457
|130%|16%|168%|-49%|-49%|\n|Mongolia|354
|379
|340
|307
|404
|297
|367
|449
|658
|453
|-4%|58%|52%|36%|36%|\n|Albania|275
|236
|236
|306
|218
|304
|364
|369
|407
|451
|2%|64%|68%|17%|17%|\n|Haiti|244
|153
|141
|147
|203
|205
|234
|298
|266
|415
|3%|67%|72%|28%|28%|\n|Azerbaijan|306
|293
|375
|413
|438
|337
|418
|498
|519
|411
|29%|20%|55%|2%|2%|\n|Stateless|482
|444
|578
|520
|412
|385
|458
|397
|372
|397
|-14%|-4%|-17%|-10%|-10%|\n|Mali|86
|138
|168
|315
|564
|1,126
|1,121
|604
|234
|361
|654%|-65%|166%|-66%|-66%|\n|Cameroon|315
|278
|305
|301
|370
|446
|410
|394
|347
|338
|38%|-16%|16%|-15%|-15%|\n|Gambia|142
|117
|132
|128
|258
|257
|281
|299
|449
|304
|99%|46%|191%|30%|30%|\n|Morocco|260
|155
|154
|167
|184
|252
|235
|283
|254
|283
|5%|23%|29%|4%|4%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|504
|349
|470
|251
|177
|274
|292
|212
|189
|278
|-47%|4%|-45%|-7%|-7%|\n|Ethiopia|192
|180
|220
|193
|311
|245
|357
|364
|276
|278
|49%|0%|49%|-23%|-23%|\n|Senegal|109
|69
|126
|134
|217
|256
|252
|259
|284
|263
|166%|16%|207%|7%|7%|\n|Congo|299
|293
|243
|304
|300
|294
|291
|342
|284
|229
|0%|-14%|-13%|-19%|-19%|\n|Angola|291
|257
|215
|210
|270
|293
|190
|202
|228
|223
|3%|-20%|-18%|15%|15%|\n|Other|6,326
|6,240
|5,965
|7,452
|6,703
|6,860
|7,396
|7,204
|6,348
|5,911
|8%|-10%|-2%|-16%|-16%|\n|Total|52,215
|47,467
|50,711
|57,504
|54,848
|52,974
|63,836
|66,458
|61,663
|57,467
|8%|10%|20%|-9%|221,950
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**13**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.7759824991226196, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.6006813645362854, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8208695650100708, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.619488537311554, - "start": 186, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.7269952297210693, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8096370100975037, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.5889069437980652, - "start": 228, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.9700325727462769, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|'09-'08|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Somalia|828
|790
|1,002
|1,032
|1,027
|1,208
|1,617
|2,038
|1,684
|2,019
|38%|66%|129%|1%|\n|Afghanistan|265
|218
|258
|317
|372
|358
|1,049
|1,040
|1,371
|1,791
|51%|333%|555%|51%|\n|Iraq|5,438
|4,934
|5,268
|5,154
|3,426
|2,214
|2,580
|2,801
|1,715
|1,097
|-46%|-50%|-73%|-48%|\n|Eritrea|312
|258
|470
|634
|548
|579
|776
|773
|625
|818
|98%|28%|153%|-7%|\n|Serbia **|764
|610
|1,012
|934
|787
|527
|821
|823
|735
|643
|-4%|5%|0%|-16%|\n|Russian Federation|422
|382
|556
|583
|618
|548
|661
|578
|507
|537
|45%|-10%|30%|-16%|\n|Stateless|384
|397
|560
|497
|445
|397
|683
|505
|497
|520
|8%|21%|30%|-14%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|180
|173
|253
|289
|329
|289
|627
|615
|503
|371
|75%|41%|148%|-30%|\n|Nigeria|84
|65
|79
|80
|103
|128
|215
|276
|302
|310
|55%|165%|311%|25%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|117
|103
|182
|174
|164
|152
|232
|248
|256
|228
|44%|53%|120%|1%|\n|Ethiopia|67
|86
|95
|127
|91
|109
|154
|146
|162
|219
|31%|91%|149%|27%|\n|Mongolia|118
|142
|155
|126
|221
|147
|193
|242
|312
|142
|42%|23%|75%|4%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|185
|112
|96
|94
|127
|211
|275
|123
|123
|122
|14%|-28%|-18%|-38%|\n|Turkey|119
|113
|90
|116
|109
|95
|106
|130
|137
|118
|-12%|25%|10%|8%|\n|Uzbekistan|76
|163
|134
|91
|152
|208
|276
|257
|102
|115
|51%|-40%|-9%|-59%|\n|Belarus|91
|105
|121
|117
|103
|101
|129
|115
|85
|110
|4%|-4%|-1%|-20%|\n|Bulgaria|37
|7
|10
|6
|9
|64
|20
|5
|9
|102
|66%|52%|152%|344%|\n|Pakistan|18
|54
|23
|35
|25
|21
|25
|50
|79
|100
|-36%|289%|149%|139%|\n|Sri Lanka|60
|78
|79
|110
|104
|114
|135
|118
|147
|92
|58%|10%|73%|-6%|\n|Azerbaijan|54
|49
|76
|95
|109
|89
|123
|137
|101
|90
|92%|-4%|85%|-27%|\n|Algeria|42
|46
|71
|63
|70
|72
|78
|108
|103
|88
|61%|35%|117%|3%|\n|Sudan|30
|19
|33
|38
|16
|30
|78
|78
|75
|74
|-6%|224%|204%|-4%|\n|Armenia|48
|46
|65
|74
|59
|93
|69
|88
|51
|68
|62%|-22%|27%|-24%|\n|Georgia|90
|49
|47
|32
|36
|58
|83
|95
|74
|62
|-32%|45%|-2%|-24%|\n|Ghana|10
|12
|15
|20
|28
|33
|32
|66
|46
|56
|177%|67%|364%|4%|\n|China|30
|64
|42
|76
|30
|38
|57
|57
|34
|56
|-28%|32%|-4%|-21%|\n|Kazakhstan|22
|24
|29
|38
|35
|59
|80
|126
|55
|53
|104%|15%|135%|-48%|\n|Lebanon|217
|113
|168
|106
|123
|81
|73
|95
|50
|51
|-38%|-50%|-69%|-40%|\n|Viet Nam|15
|16
|21
|25
|41
|33
|17
|25
|43
|50
|139%|26%|200%|121%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|38
|35
|36
|49
|67
|38
|42
|60
|62
|48
|44%|5%|51%|8%|\n|Albania|40
|27
|59
|48
|46
|43
|59
|59
|61
|47
|33%|21%|61%|-8%|\n|Gambia|13
|6
|14
|17
|11
|11
|20
|30
|53
|46
|16%|350%|421%|98%|\n|Morocco|30
|24
|22
|26
|29
|29
|39
|40
|58
|41
|7%|71%|83%|25%|\n|Kyrgyzstan|16
|23
|11
|3
|22
|21
|18
|66
|43
|40
|10%|93%|113%|-1%|\n|Bosnia and H.|70
|55
|97
|74
|58
|44
|64
|39
|63
|36
|-18%|-3%|-21%|-4%|\n|Yemen|14
|20
|21
|7
|50
|68
|50
|46
|53
|36
|247%|-25%|162%|-7%|\n|India|55
|48
|75
|62
|32
|68
|55
|62
|42
|35
|-3%|-23%|-25%|-34%|\n|Guinea|13
|12
|14
|15
|20
|12
|18
|28
|64
|23
|28%|172%|248%|89%|\n|Nepal|13
|19
|15
|31
|36
|48
|68
|85
|50
|21
|163%|-15%|122%|-54%|\n|Other|939
|808
|851
|774
|792
|801
|810
|749
|946
|706
|-9%|4%|-5%|6%|\n|Total|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,470
|9,239
|12,507
|13,022
|11,478
|11,181
|-9%|15%|5%|-11%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**14**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.8269214630126953, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9186537861824036, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9201869964599609, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9069199562072754, - "start": 166, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9852501749992371, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.7958610653877258, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5860390067100525, - "start": 343, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged", - "confidence": 0.6071761846542358, - "start": 492, - "end": 500 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9724962711334229, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.6564770340919495, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9247447848320007, - "start": 461, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9874518513679504, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8810907006263733, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5011355876922607, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5834631323814392, - "start": 638, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.977946937084198, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.6969200372695923, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9319308996200562, - "start": 756, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9856105446815491, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.7746242880821228, - "start": 773, - "end": 774 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "separate statistics", - "confidence": 0.5792386531829834, - "start": 3915, - "end": 3917 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "citizens of Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.547347903251648, - "start": 3908, - "end": 3911 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "separate statistics", - "confidence": 0.5958406329154968, - "start": 4205, - "end": 4207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.922039270401001, - "start": 4209, - "end": 4212 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "citizens of Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.6026175618171692, - "start": 4256, - "end": 4259 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|'09-'08|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Russian Federation|697
|721
|1,496
|4,162
|1,480
|1,481
|1,982
|2,087
|1,088
|1,191
|109%|-23%|61%|-44%|\n|Georgia|68
|104
|94
|87
|57
|110
|145
|132
|63
|1,043
|-3%|562%|543%|299%|\n|Serbia **|159
|281
|581
|266
|243
|228
|498
|830
|956
|545
|7%|219%|241%|13%|\n|Afghanistan|48
|46
|65
|65
|47
|57
|97
|104
|156
|282
|11%|321%|366%|118%|\n|Iraq|220
|208
|295
|411
|247
|161
|154
|186
|144
|96
|-5%|-41%|-44%|-29%|\n|Turkey|47
|68
|54
|215
|276
|94
|62
|86
|64
|77
|222%|-62%|23%|-5%|\n|Ukraine|95
|88
|103
|101
|98
|101
|111
|86
|97
|76
|9%|-13%|-5%|-12%|\n|Viet Nam|165
|234
|156
|518
|68
|58
|66
|66
|55
|73
|-68%|2%|-68%|-3%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|69
|78
|101
|66
|21
|57
|63
|42
|29
|72
|-47%|29%|-31%|-4%|\n|Kazakhstan|8
|13
|12
|12
|26
|20
|22
|31
|46
|70
|119%|152%|452%|119%|\n|Pakistan|152
|284
|253
|65
|232
|99
|192
|126
|69
|65
|-24%|-60%|-69%|-58%|\n|China|125
|104
|114
|266
|55
|54
|45
|64
|44
|65
|-52%|0%|-52%|0%|\n|Armenia|29
|43
|53
|40
|45
|32
|54
|36
|39
|55
|7%|22%|31%|4%|\n|Stateless|58
|36
|41
|34
|29
|24
|29
|33
|30
|47
|-44%|45%|-18%|24%|\n|Nigeria|55
|39
|57
|64
|42
|33
|30
|54
|45
|43
|-20%|17%|-6%|5%|\n|Indonesia|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|2
|-
|-
|42
|..|..|..|2000%|\n|Mongolia|79
|57
|51
|70
|58
|68
|49
|50
|71
|41
|-7%|-11%|-18%|13%|\n|Belarus|65
|37
|69
|55
|36
|29
|34
|44
|29
|39
|-36%|5%|-33%|-13%|\n|India|233
|238
|184
|54
|80
|63
|91
|37
|45
|37
|-70%|-43%|-83%|-36%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|21
|31
|47
|47
|10
|15
|22
|87
|44
|30
|-52%|196%|42%|-32%|\n|Bangladesh|53
|50
|55
|34
|41
|25
|22
|171
|39
|26
|-36%|-2%|-37%|-66%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|25
|12
|23
|19
|13
|12
|28
|19
|26
|22
|-32%|92%|30%|2%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|17
|24
|15
|26
|14
|16
|21
|16
|39
|21
|-27%|100%|46%|62%|\n|Sri Lanka|26
|27
|53
|34
|24
|23
|13
|29
|18
|20
|-11%|-19%|-28%|-10%|\n|Somalia|23
|39
|13
|78
|50
|69
|22
|72
|38
|17
|92%|-54%|-11%|-41%|\n|Algeria|11
|13
|32
|21
|16
|14
|11
|14
|12
|16
|25%|-7%|17%|12%|\n|Egypt|10
|4
|5
|33
|37
|9
|14
|7
|10
|15
|229%|-46%|79%|19%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|20
|8
|8
|4
|6
|7
|1
|8
|22
|13
|-54%|169%|25%|289%|\n|Bosnia and H.|8
|10
|9
|8
|12
|4
|4
|11
|40
|12
|-11%|225%|189%|247%|\n|Cameroon|12
|4
|11
|8
|3
|2
|9
|34
|14
|9
|-69%|360%|44%|-47%|\n|Other|225
|173
|222
|439
|137
|148
|168
|185
|191
|146
|-28%|18%|-15%|-5%|\n|Total|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,503
|3,113
|4,061
|4,747
|3,563
|4,306
|12%|19%|33%|-11%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**15**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9316872954368591, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Ranking of countries based on applications", - "confidence": 0.6508885622024536, - "start": 194, - "end": 200 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9800288677215576, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9133425951004028, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9780096411705017, - "start": 164, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9994519352912903, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.7827979326248169, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.5417993068695068, - "start": 335, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9897522926330566, - "start": 339, - "end": 341 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.6394529342651367, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9058555960655212, - "start": 450, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9965054988861084, - "start": 453, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5912394523620605, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9672811031341553, - "start": 620, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9992732405662537, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5603265762329102, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.6547598838806152, - "start": 791, - "end": 797 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9924166202545166, - "start": 795, - "end": 797 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8669165372848511, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.8401023149490356, - "start": 905, - "end": 911 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.7077013254165649, - "start": 909, - "end": 911 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.8358226418495178, - "start": 921, - "end": 922 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7801716923713684, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dem. Rep.", - "confidence": 0.6406688690185547, - "start": 2897, - "end": 2901 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Algeria", - "confidence": 0.5588785409927368, - "start": 2765, - "end": 2766 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
Excluding Italy '09-'08 Incl. Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Monthly asylum data for Italy is only available since January 2008.
**Excluding Italy**
'09-'08
**Incl. Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'09-'08|**Incl. Italy**|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2007|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Nigeria|269
|255
|329
|442
|1,023
|1,291
|2,352
|2,552
|1,814
|1,979
|342%|64%|624%|-23%|2,631

9,695

10,905

2,819

3,583

2,972

1,944

3,143

2,612

1,430

787

1,107

390

326

342

1,139

313

2,696

730

82

800

263

596

257

287

644

347

1,324

55

246

238

2,589

139

304

163

94

117

275

150

9

4,145
|\n|Pakistan|2,834
|2,134
|2,695
|1,856
|1,969
|2,080
|1,998
|2,071
|1,610
|1,643
|-18%|-20%|-35%|-20%|-20%|\n|Iraq|2,896
|3,742
|2,289
|1,789
|2,208
|2,225
|2,676
|2,598
|1,896
|1,458
|-33%|-24%|-49%|-36%|-36%|\n|Somalia|313
|360
|665
|724
|595
|1,317
|2,514
|2,125
|1,007
|1,262
|184%|19%|237%|-51%|-51%|\n|Bangladesh|1,830
|656
|355
|427
|702
|859
|734
|1,027
|1,318
|1,027
|-37%|50%|-6%|33%|33%|\n|Afghanistan|508
|562
|569
|670
|1,187
|1,323
|2,209
|2,299
|1,000
|800
|135%|-28%|68%|-60%|-60%|\n|Georgia|239
|757
|430
|498
|473
|662
|630
|715
|625
|720
|14%|19%|35%|0%|0%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|874
|993
|545
|704
|515
|621
|535
|256
|399
|541
|-39%|-17%|-50%|19%|19%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|496
|594
|710
|743
|653
|741
|722
|731
|662
|467
|28%|-19%|4%|-22%|-22%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|126
|78
|133
|111
|693
|675
|619
|649
|359
|378
|571%|-46%|261%|-42%|-42%|\n|Ghana|25
|17
|26
|46
|161
|301
|841
|631
|279
|285
|1000%|22%|1243%|-62%|-62%|\n|Sri Lanka|265
|207
|199
|212
|312
|289
|164
|124
|188
|188
|27%|-37%|-20%|31%|31%|\n|Guinea|46
|30
|49
|48
|154
|159
|226
|222
|136
|188
|312%|4%|326%|-28%|-28%|\n|Mali|17
|11
|18
|12
|43
|55
|402
|213
|39
|176
|250%|119%|668%|-65%|-65%|\n|Senegal|64
|37
|77
|97
|147
|114
|136
|155
|191
|175
|158%|40%|262%|26%|26%|\n|Serbia|2
|17
|2
|5
|240
|246
|132
|249
|106
|155
|2458%|-46%|1274%|-31%|-31%|\n|Morocco|110
|77
|57
|44
|68
|127
|96
|118
|90
|151
|4%|24%|29%|13%|13%|\n|Eritrea|80
|54
|100
|202
|518
|196
|1,214
|1,158
|201
|149
|433%|-51%|161%|-85%|-85%|\n|Sudan|92
|102
|61
|92
|226
|207
|284
|309
|142
|130
|123%|-37%|40%|-54%|-54%|\n|Albania|12
|20
|10
|17
|21
|76
|73
|69
|46
|127
|203%|78%|441%|22%|22%|\n|India|285
|153
|163
|137
|163
|184
|187
|120
|124
|123
|-21%|-29%|-44%|-20%|-20%|\n|Cameroon|30
|31
|37
|45
|102
|149
|133
|128
|79
|111
|311%|-24%|211%|-27%|-27%|\n|Turkey|79
|56
|21
|46
|230
|175
|222
|284
|161
|105
|200%|-34%|97%|-47%|-47%|\n|Burkina Faso|16
|7
|18
|24
|125
|283
|172
|146
|83
|104
|1674%|-54%|713%|-41%|-41%|\n|China|70
|46
|68
|90
|58
|50
|53
|63
|50
|99
|-7%|38%|28%|28%|28%|\n|Ethiopia|81
|60
|73
|31
|155
|119
|180
|185
|98
|88
|94%|-32%|32%|-49%|-49%|\n|Algeria|58
|40
|80
|100
|62
|75
|286
|182
|64
|82
|40%|7%|49%|-69%|-69%|\n|Occup. Palest. Territory|96
|206
|266
|675
|161
|68
|161
|324
|255
|82
|-24%|47%|12%|-31%|-31%|\n|Indonesia|14
|20
|11
|10
|9
|17
|14
|11
|39
|78
|-24%|350%|244%|368%|368%|\n|Gambia|20
|36
|25
|23
|128
|116
|126
|123
|235
|74
|336%|27%|452%|24%|24%|\n|Russian Federation|51
|56
|51
|44
|42
|63
|61
|63
|57
|68
|-2%|19%|17%|1%|1%|\n|Colombia|324
|828
|427
|944
|292
|271
|125
|151
|81
|66
|-51%|-74%|-87%|-47%|-47%|\n|Sierra Leone|35
|13
|24
|16
|60
|41
|57
|32
|19
|63
|110%|-19%|71%|-8%|-8%|\n|Egypt|53
|57
|52
|89
|104
|122
|104
|100
|93
|56
|105%|-34%|35%|-27%|-27%|\n|Mauritania|37
|40
|29
|28
|35
|32
|23
|34
|34
|52
|-13%|28%|12%|51%|51%|\n|Philippines|29
|20
|19
|26
|24
|38
|48
|32
|33
|47
|27%|29%|63%|0%|0%|\n|Cuba|20
|25
|22
|20
|47
|49
|28
|26
|30
|44
|113%|-23%|64%|37%|37%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|85
|44
|39
|70
|69
|85
|57
|64
|45
|44
|19%|-42%|-31%|-26%|-26%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|30
|43
|28
|20
|35
|61
|32
|28
|29
|42
|32%|-26%|-3%|18%|18%|\n|Myanmar|6
|1
|1
|1
|6
|9
|9
|15
|25
|42
|114%|347%|857%|179%|179%|\n|Other|451
|407
|425
|399
|1,058
|1,216
|1,294
|1,233
|735
|617
|165%|-41%|58%|-46%|-46%|\n|Total|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|14,873
|16,787
|21,929
|21,615
|14,477
|14,086
|22%|-10%|10%|-34%|62,688
|\n\n\n\n_**16**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'09-'08|'09-'08|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|Mexico|2,108
|2,316
|2,558
|2,562
|2,513
|2,696
|3,557
|3,394
|3,247
|3,381
|18%|27%|50%|-5%|\n|China|2,688
|2,506
|2,151
|2,645
|2,828
|2,956
|2,933
|2,783
|2,791
|3,237
|11%|4%|16%|5%|\n|Czech Rep.|8
|5
|*|112
|171
|192
|164
|299
|651
|1,140
|>1000%|393%|>1000%|287%|\n|Haiti|1,295
|1,265
|1,632
|1,765
|1,584
|1,689
|1,684
|1,225
|994
|841
|28%|-44%|-28%|-37%|\n|Colombia|785
|717
|936
|1,352
|951
|980
|972
|970
|784
|708
|29%|-23%|-1%|-23%|\n|El Salvador|1,001
|931
|729
|844
|779
|923
|773
|768
|761
|679
|-12%|-15%|-25%|-7%|\n|Hungary|9
|14
|*|*|12
|67
|75
|159
|184
|612
|243%|908%|3361%|240%|\n|Guatemala|721
|730
|426
|556
|513
|561
|583
|499
|476
|474
|-26%|-12%|-35%|-12%|\n|Russian Federation|214
|340
|194
|238
|216
|318
|228
|215
|215
|376
|-4%|11%|7%|33%|\n|Ethiopia|351
|317
|313
|345
|342
|365
|381
|410
|348
|366
|6%|1%|7%|-10%|\n|India|329
|286
|294
|361
|342
|361
|365
|343
|334
|299
|14%|-10%|3%|-11%|\n|Nepal|160
|146
|147
|193
|179
|218
|242
|341
|260
|281
|30%|36%|77%|-7%|\n|United States **|256
|227
|568
|773
|563
|593
|691
|462
|354
|275
|139%|-46%|30%|-45%|\n|Honduras|337
|308
|237
|309
|337
|321
|327
|372
|309
|258
|2%|-14%|-12%|-19%|\n|Sri Lanka|273
|229
|229
|279
|356
|317
|344
|356
|292
|257
|34%|-18%|9%|-22%|\n|Slovakia|*|*|*|5
|5
|49
|30
|28
|59
|207
|>1000%|393%|>1000%|359%|\n|Pakistan|206
|179
|155
|234
|221
|195
|203
|218
|234
|201
|8%|5%|13%|3%|\n|Somalia|121
|88
|103
|133
|174
|172
|222
|188
|203
|201
|66%|17%|93%|-1%|\n|Iraq|257
|265
|252
|254
|283
|298
|305
|264
|172
|172
|11%|-41%|-34%|-40%|\n|Nigeria|223
|188
|244
|283
|249
|195
|252
|230
|265
|169
|8%|-2%|6%|-10%|\n|Rep. of Moldova|26
|34
|38
|50
|52
|107
|45
|72
|91
|160
|165%|58%|318%|115%|\n|Eritrea|105
|105
|126
|120
|142
|135
|153
|178
|198
|159
|32%|29%|70%|8%|\n|Cuba|160
|140
|126
|190
|161
|132
|132
|144
|126
|158
|-2%|-3%|-5%|3%|\n|Afghanistan|106
|83
|93
|89
|97
|106
|148
|130
|108
|150
|7%|27%|37%|-7%|\n|Saint Vincent and the Gr.|97
|61
|81
|107
|112
|131
|145
|94
|144
|143
|54%|18%|82%|20%|\n|Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of)|213
|193
|226
|257
|228
|228
|180
|158
|152
|142
|12%|-36%|-28%|-13%|\n|Ukraine|115
|122
|112
|113
|126
|94
|109
|88
|126
|133
|-7%|18%|9%|31%|\n|Cameroon|186
|159
|167
|178
|183
|202
|212
|196
|142
|132
|12%|-29%|-21%|-33%|\n|Kenya|64
|78
|70
|109
|200
|178
|159
|159
|142
|130
|166%|-28%|92%|-14%|\n|Zimbabwe|88
|92
|115
|127
|148
|144
|203
|118
|149
|127
|62%|-5%|53%|-14%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|127
|112
|133
|155
|176
|114
|177
|147
|158
|126
|21%|-2%|19%|-12%|\n|Guinea|166
|164
|169
|169
|142
|110
|136
|127
|137
|122
|-24%|3%|-22%|-2%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|99
|95
|110
|131
|153
|111
|141
|123
|109
|111
|36%|-17%|13%|-17%|\n|Egypt|98
|121
|107
|103
|108
|132
|101
|133
|127
|108
|10%|-2%|7%|0%|\n|Albania|119
|106
|136
|198
|200
|123
|105
|133
|105
|102
|44%|-36%|-8%|-13%|\n|Philippines|73
|47
|46
|47
|60
|100
|70
|60
|71
|98
|33%|6%|41%|30%|\n|Jamaica|61
|55
|57
|74
|91
|104
|94
|125
|111
|89
|68%|3%|72%|-9%|\n|Turkey|49
|43
|62
|64
|97
|61
|75
|87
|73
|86
|72%|1%|73%|-2%|\n|Saint Lucia|32
|19
|39
|40
|68
|70
|49
|64
|99
|83
|171%|32%|257%|61%|\n|Indonesia|285
|263
|232
|315
|233
|197
|190
|120
|107
|74
|-22%|-58%|-67%|-42%|\n|Other|3,092
|3,053
|2,623
|2,948
|2,857
|2,878
|3,062
|2,866
|2,743
|2,852
|-7%|-2%|-9%|-6%|\n|Total|16,706
|16,203
|16,047
|18,831
|18,252
|18,923
|20,017
|18,846
|18,151
|19,419
|13%|1%|14%|-3%|\n|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|**Note**
** Refers to applications lodged in Canada.|\n\n\n\n_**17**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6381368041038513, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries", - "confidence": 0.60518479347229, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.8543391227722168, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9352154731750488, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figures for the United States", - "confidence": 0.530255138874054, - "start": 1202, - "end": 1207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.7630454897880554, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1209 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9251559376716614, - "start": 1205, - "end": 1207 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9232497811317444, - "start": 1265, - "end": 1266 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5045468211174011, - "start": 1261, - "end": 1262 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "States by origin", - "confidence": 0.6722800731658936, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9358609914779663, - "start": 1395, - "end": 1397 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5633363127708435, - "start": 1360, - "end": 1361 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5477425456047058, - "start": 1356, - "end": 1357 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dem. Rep. of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.6400007605552673, - "start": 3831, - "end": 3838 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "applications lodged in Canada", - "confidence": 0.6340847015380859, - "start": 4557, - "end": 4561 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Canada", - "confidence": 0.9885851740837097, - "start": 4560, - "end": 4561 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by
origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2007 to second quarter 2009**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2009.
'09-'08|'09-'08|\n|Origin|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|2008|2008|2009|2009|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'08-'07|'09-'08|'09-'07|'09-'07|\n|China|281
|272
|334
|398
|283
|295
|383
|337
|259
|275
|5%|-8%|-3%|-26%|\n|Sri Lanka|129
|153
|157
|141
|132
|129
|148
|195
|247
|191
|-7%|68%|55%|28%|\n|Myanmar|120
|140
|136
|185
|218
|240
|320
|335
|231
|154
|76%|-16%|48%|-41%|\n|Pakistan|32
|46
|57
|49
|54
|64
|117
|72
|93
|111
|51%|73%|162%|8%|\n|Afghanistan|8
|14
|8
|6
|6
|14
|13
|25
|119
|104
|-9%|1015%|914%|487%|\n|Zimbabwe|21
|24
|28
|29
|57
|36
|70
|60
|116
|78
|107%|109%|331%|49%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|28
|31
|41
|33
|49
|48
|63
|71
|75
|73
|64%|53%|151%|10%|\n|Iraq|61
|36
|97
|59
|47
|51
|67
|67
|60
|62
|1%|24%|26%|-9%|\n|India|68
|203
|45
|43
|39
|82
|167
|114
|54
|61
|-55%|-5%|-58%|-59%|\n|Malaysia|26
|30
|44
|44
|50
|85
|60
|44
|49
|61
|141%|-19%|96%|6%|\n|Indonesia|48
|42
|37
|56
|78
|48
|55
|56
|48
|53
|40%|-20%|12%|-9%|\n|Bangladesh|25
|27
|43
|27
|32
|53
|68
|50
|32
|40
|63%|-15%|38%|-39%|\n|Turkey|27
|25
|24
|41
|47
|46
|51
|49
|55
|38
|79%|0%|79%|-7%|\n|Fiji|38
|22
|9
|11
|19
|12
|20
|36
|44
|38
|-48%|165%|37%|46%|\n|Egypt|17
|6
|11
|12
|16
|20
|50
|15
|21
|35
|57%|56%|143%|-14%|\n|Rep. of Korea|11
|21
|26
|23
|17
|27
|52
|36
|24
|34
|38%|32%|81%|-34%|\n|Nepal|121
|107
|40
|60
|17
|15
|25
|14
|8
|24
|-86%|0%|-86%|-18%|\n|Lebanon|23
|10
|17
|25
|17
|23
|24
|26
|31
|21
|21%|30%|58%|4%|\n|Nigeria|20
|30
|39
|35
|10
|7
|18
|28
|18
|21
|-66%|129%|-22%|-15%|\n|Uganda|8
|13
|6
|35
|10
|9
|15
|21
|18
|13
|-10%|63%|48%|-14%|\n|Other|197
|195
|206
|279
|226
|221
|271
|310
|244
|246
|14%|10%|25%|-16%
|\n|Total|1,309
|1,447
|1,405
|1,591
|1,424
|1,525
|2,057
|1,961
|1,846
|1,733
|7%|21%|30%|-11%|\n\n\n\n_**18**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 10. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, first quarter 2009
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the first quarter. An asterisk (*) denotes a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Iraq|-
|54
|111
|362
|*|96
|58
|*|78
|*|128
|*|576
|199
|1,728
|\n|Afghanistan|-
|116
|499
|391
|-
|27
|85
|6
|12
|-
|222
|-
|111
|80
|608
|\n|Somalia|-
|8
|71
|53
|-
|11
|122
|-
|-
|-
|29
|-
|350
|22
|39
|\n|Serbia ***|-
|-
|562
|312
|24
|-
|21
|*|*|7
|99
|-
|45
|1,180
|476
|\n|China|-
|238
|96
|85
|-
|*|416
|-
|13
|*|*|-
|*|296
|70
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|114
|*|-
|-
|-
|82
|-
|-
|*|5
|-
|*|-
|32
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|*|874
|322
|*|*|62
|*|7
|9
|47
|-
|66
|812
|207
|\n|Nigeria|-
|7
|180
|20
|-
|*|221
|*|35
|16
|15
|-
|30
|174
|129
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|2,716
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Pakistan|-
|48
|39
|45
|-
|*|114
|*|43
|*|16
|-
|*|174
|114
|\n|Sri Lanka|-
|153
|*|54
|-
|5
|216
|-
|68
|*|28
|-
|19
|792
|159
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|60
|69
|167
|-
|14
|79
|*|77
|*|82
|-
|49
|26
|177
|\n|Eritrea|-
|*|*|7
|-
|-
|63
|-
|-
|-
|5
|-
|-
|77
|54
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|11
|24
|23
|-
|*|30
|-
|39
|-
|8
|-
|*|406
|12
|\n|Turkey|-
|13
|140
|45
|-
|5
|47
|*|25
|5
|8
|-
|30
|584
|329
|\n|Armenia|-
|-
|111
|172
|-
|6
|*|-
|6
|*|-
|-
|*|845
|77
|\n|Georgia|-
|*|142
|36
|-
|*|20
|-
|22
|10
|*|*|*|92
|78
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|16
|183
|-
|-
|87
|-
|*|-
|5
|*|11
|648
|35
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|592
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|260
|-
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|*|50
|57
|-
|7
|10
|-
|89
|29
|49
|-
|5
|15
|176
|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Monteneg
ro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Iraq|189
|13
|-
|27
|98
|-
|*|-
|-
|5
|-
|-
|616
|6
|464
|\n|Afghanistan|564
|71
|-
|12
|195
|*|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|358
|*|726
|\n|Somalia|33
|24
|-
|21
|340
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|487
|-
|1,412
|*|415
|\n|Serbia ***|12
|925
|-
|*|92
|-
|-
|*|-
|34
|-
|5
|18
|-
|116
|\n|China|19
|14
|-
|49
|13
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|77
|5
|12
|\n|Zimbabwe|*|-
|-
|37
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|6
|\n|Russian Federation|28
|*|-
|12
|10
|-
|-
|*|22
|5
|-
|-
|32
|-
|141
|\n|Nigeria|237
|13
|-
|187
|1,357
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|27
|-
|28
|-
|170
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|\n|Pakistan|1,169
|*|-
|80
|383
|21
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|*|-
|28
|\n|Sri Lanka|57
|-
|-
|8
|45
|75
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|67
|5
|83
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|117
|8
|-
|13
|35
|8
|-
|-
|-
|10
|-
|-
|96
|7
|150
|\n|Eritrea|7
|-
|*|11
|83
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|71
|-
|80
|-
|436
|\n|Bangladesh|737
|11
|-
|6
|535
|7
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|\n|Turkey|18
|26
|-
|-
|115
|42
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|18
|-
|18
|\n|Armenia|21
|*|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|64
|-
|6
|\n|Georgia|572
|13
|-
|33
|21
|-
|-
|-
|6
|*|-
|-
|28
|-
|6
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|*|*|-
|34
|11
|5
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|15
|-
|37
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|270
|5
|-
|*|17
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|8
|-
|28
|7
|52
|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

23

-

5

*
13

547

293

-

1,518

395

114

Afghanistan
*
-

*
38

27

8

-

13

312

173

*
216

1,105

23

Somalia
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

92

890

393

-

55

315

81

Serbia ***
-

-

-

*
-

5

16

-

475

325

-

-

10

45

China
*
-

12

9

-

14

-

*
17

72

-

*
370

2,375

Zimbabwe
-

0
-

-

-

-

-

*
*
9

-

-

3,875

67

Russian Federation
1,037

-

-

*
-

9

-

7

253

83

-

5

25

153

Nigeria
*
*
7

*
-

*
-

150

87

418

-

7

210

44

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

531

Pakistan
*
-

24

34

-

24

*
15

32

23

-

-

485

120

Sri Lanka
5

*
14

-

*
6

*
9

17

437

-

8

470

76

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

5

-

5

*
19

222

56

-

414

515

79

Eritrea
-

*
-

-

-

-

-

14

182

773

-

22

495

135

Bangladesh
-

-

13

19

-

7

-

*
13

9

-

5

110

36

Turkey
*
-

-

19

-

-

*
*
81

108

-

-

70

26

Armenia
19

-

-

-

-

*
-

9

44

12

-

-

-

69

Georgia
8

-

-

5

-

17

-

10

63

150

-

-

25

36

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

-

-

17

-

*
-

26

9

47

-

*
85

22

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

402

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

-

-

*
-

*
150

95

-

12

40

6

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iraq|*|-
|-
|23
|-
|5
|*|13
|547
|293
|-
|1,518
|395
|114
|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|*|38
|27
|8
|-
|13
|312
|173
|*|216
|1,105
|23
|\n|Somalia|*|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|92
|890
|393
|-
|55
|315
|81
|\n|Serbia ***|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|5
|16
|-
|475
|325
|-
|-
|10
|45
|\n|China|*|-
|12
|9
|-
|14
|-
|*|17
|72
|-
|*|370
|2,375
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|0|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|9
|-
|-
|3,875
|67
|\n|Russian Federation|1,037
|-
|-
|*|-
|9
|-
|7
|253
|83
|-
|5
|25
|153
|\n|Nigeria|*|*|7
|*|-
|*|-
|150
|87
|418
|-
|7
|210
|44
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|531
|\n|Pakistan|*|-
|24
|34
|-
|24
|*|15
|32
|23
|-
|-
|485
|120
|\n|Sri Lanka|5
|*|14
|-
|*|6
|*|9
|17
|437
|-
|8
|470
|76
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|-
|-
|5
|-
|5
|*|19
|222
|56
|-
|414
|515
|79
|\n|Eritrea|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|14
|182
|773
|-
|22
|495
|135
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|-
|13
|19
|-
|7
|-
|*|13
|9
|-
|5
|110
|36
|\n|Turkey|*|-
|-
|19
|-
|-
|*|*|81
|108
|-
|-
|70
|26
|\n|Armenia|19
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|9
|44
|12
|-
|-
|-
|69
|\n|Georgia|8
|-
|-
|5
|-
|17
|-
|10
|63
|150
|-
|-
|25
|36
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|-
|-
|17
|-
|*|-
|26
|9
|47
|-
|*|85
|22
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|402
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|150
|95
|-
|12
|40
|6
|\n\n\n\n_**19**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 11. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, second quarter 2009
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the second quarter. An asterisk (*) denotes a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Afghanistan|-
|100
|424
|396
|-
|13
|114
|10
|17
|-
|220
|-
|73
|155
|481
|\n|Somalia|-
|5
|123
|56
|-
|-
|106
|-
|-
|*|30
|-
|288
|46
|70
|\n|Iraq|-
|57
|88
|287
|*|61
|58
|-
|32
|*|58
|-
|275
|154
|1,304
|\n|China|-
|265
|115
|81
|-
|-
|335
|-
|19
|8
|8
|-
|-
|486
|79
|\n|Serbia ***|-
|-
|614
|387
|10
|-
|15
|8
|*|12
|47
|-
|65
|1,162
|494
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|*|798
|302
|-
|*|48
|-
|9
|23
|63
|-
|102
|637
|187
|\n|Nigeria|-
|15
|209
|32
|-
|5
|134
|-
|18
|6
|12
|-
|36
|158
|189
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|2,810
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|\n|Pakistan|-
|50
|54
|76
|-
|-
|78
|*|98
|-
|11
|-
|*|167
|106
|\n|Georgia|-
|-
|150
|60
|-
|8
|18
|*|17
|5
|*|-
|*|88
|108
|\n|Sri Lanka|-
|105
|13
|42
|-
|*|181
|-
|88
|*|9
|-
|26
|659
|84
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|76
|*|*|-
|-
|80
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|19
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|51
|62
|171
|-
|*|50
|*|19
|-
|51
|-
|29
|24
|176
|\n|Eritrea|-
|*|6
|22
|-
|-
|36
|-
|-
|-
|12
|-
|6
|71
|69
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|22
|19
|20
|-
|*|26
|-
|42
|*|-
|-
|*|373
|11
|\n|Turkey|-
|20
|118
|74
|-
|*|55
|-
|14
|21
|7
|-
|27
|400
|352
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|-
|78
|95
|-
|7
|27
|-
|58
|*|59
|-
|11
|5
|204
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|393
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|410
|*|\n|Armenia|-
|-
|91
|167
|-
|13
|*|-
|*|5
|6
|-
|*|590
|35
|\n|Czech Rep.|-
|-
|*|7
|-
|-
|1,138
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Montenegro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Afghanistan|497
|229
|*|23
|101
|*|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|286
|-
|1,228
|\n|Somalia|54
|15
|*|31
|837
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|273
|-
|1,658
|*|516
|\n|Iraq|265
|12
|*|18
|74
|-
|-
|-
|*|9
|*|-
|337
|*|277
|\n|China|65
|17
|-
|54
|10
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|59
|*|15
|\n|Serbia ***|*|519
|-
|18
|150
|-
|-
|*|-
|37
|-
|*|13
|-
|98
|\n|Russian Federation|33
|12
|-
|6
|*|-
|-
|-
|10
|5
|*|*|27
|*|159
|\n|Nigeria|287
|18
|-
|156
|1,463
|*|-
|*|-
|*|89
|-
|40
|*|177
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|\n|Pakistan|1,092
|10
|-
|64
|441
|22
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|12
|5
|42
|\n|Georgia|669
|30
|-
|21
|18
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|46
|-
|8
|\n|Sri Lanka|35
|7
|*|*|49
|69
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|31
|8
|39
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|-
|-
|22
|6
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|7
|*|5
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|90
|8
|*|12
|23
|10
|-
|*|-
|5
|-
|-
|83
|5
|124
|\n|Eritrea|8
|-
|-
|12
|69
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|47
|-
|104
|-
|599
|\n|Bangladesh|520
|*|-
|*|457
|8
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|9
|*|*|\n|Turkey|15
|19
|-
|-
|73
|18
|*|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|23
|-
|22
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|436
|7
|-
|-
|35
|-
|-
|5
|6
|-
|-
|-
|16
|*|74
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Armenia|15
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|73
|-
|-
|\n|Czech Rep.|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|6
|*|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Afghanistan
*
-

*
15

69

5

*
7

269

129

53

178

855

36

Somalia
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
1,184

100

-

96

250

95

Iraq
6

-

*
6

*
*
*
11

486

168

-

1,075

190

114

China
-

-

5

28

-

12

-

5

33

77

-

-

360

2,902

Serbia ***
*
-

-

-

-

*
*
*
433

262

*
-

5

55

Russian Federation
1,120

0
*
*
*
20

*
23

213

97

-

-

25

328

Nigeria
5

*
*
5

-

*
-

111

85

393

-

7

190

35

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

-

-

-

-

571

Pakistan
8

*
34

7

-

36

*
10

44

23

-

*
530

123

Georgia
963

*
-

11

-

24

-

15

50

64

-

-

20

27

Sri Lanka
*
*
9

-

-

*
-

5

17

387

-

9

395

76

Zimbabwe
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

5

*
5

-

-

2,035

47

Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
-

7

6

*
*
*
10

164

38

-

325

435

76

Eritrea
-

9

-

-

-

-

*
10

201

253

-

6

285

123

Bangladesh
8

-

8

8

-

*
-

*
27

13

-

*
125

36

Turkey
*
-

-

28

-

*
-

*
62

105

-

-

45

31

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
-

*
-

11

84

88

-

*
40

16

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448

Armenia
33

-

-

-

-

*
-

5

61

18

-

*
-

60

Czech Rep.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

*
** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|*|15
|69
|5
|*|7
|269
|129
|53
|178
|855
|36
|\n|Somalia|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|1,184
|100
|-
|96
|250
|95
|\n|Iraq|6
|-
|*|6
|*|*|*|11
|486
|168
|-
|1,075
|190
|114
|\n|China|-
|-
|5
|28
|-
|12
|-
|5
|33
|77
|-
|-
|360
|2,902
|\n|Serbia ***|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|*|433
|262
|*|-
|5
|55
|\n|Russian Federation|1,120
|0|*|*|*|20
|*|23
|213
|97
|-
|-
|25
|328
|\n|Nigeria|5
|*|*|5
|-
|*|-
|111
|85
|393
|-
|7
|190
|35
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|571
|\n|Pakistan|8
|*|34
|7
|-
|36
|*|10
|44
|23
|-
|*|530
|123
|\n|Georgia|963
|*|-
|11
|-
|24
|-
|15
|50
|64
|-
|-
|20
|27
|\n|Sri Lanka|*|*|9
|-
|-
|*|-
|5
|17
|387
|-
|9
|395
|76
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|5
|*|5
|-
|-
|2,035
|47
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|-
|7
|6
|*|*|*|10
|164
|38
|-
|325
|435
|76
|\n|Eritrea|-
|9
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|10
|201
|253
|-
|6
|285
|123
|\n|Bangladesh|8
|-
|8
|8
|-
|*|-
|*|27
|13
|-
|*|125
|36
|\n|Turkey|*|-
|-
|28
|-
|*|-
|*|62
|105
|-
|-
|45
|31
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|*|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|11
|84
|88
|-
|*|40
|16
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|448
|\n|Armenia|33
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|5
|61
|18
|-
|*|-
|60
|\n|Czech Rep.|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|*|\n\n\n\n_**20**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2009
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) denotes a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Albania|Albania|Australia|Australia|Austria|Austria|Belgium|Belgium|Bosnia and H.|Bosnia and H.|\n|No applicants||China|265
|Russian Fed.|798
|Afghanistan|396
|Serbia**|10
|\n|||Sri Lanka|105
|Serbia**|614
|Serbia**|387
|France|*|\n|||Afghanistan|100
|Afghanistan|424
|Russian Fed.|302
|Germany|*|\n|||Zimbabwe|76
|Nigeria|209
|Iraq|287
|Iraq|*|\n|||Malaysia|60
|Georgia|150
|Guinea|201
|Croatia|*|\n|||Iraq|57
|Somalia|123
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|171
|||\n|||Indonesia|53
|Turkey|118
|Armenia|167
|||\n|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|51
|China|115
|Dem. Rep. of Cong|o
140
|||\n|||Pakistan|50
|India|108
|Syrian Arab Rep.|95
|||\n|||India|48
|Armenia|91
|China|81
|||\n|||||||||||\n|Bulgaria|Bulgaria|Canada|Canada|Croatia|Croatia|Cyprus|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Czech Rep.|\n|Iraq|61
|Mexico|2,810
|Afghanistan|10
|Pakistan|98
|Kazakhstan|67
|\n|Stateless|29
|Czech Rep.|1,138
|Serbia**|8
|Sri Lanka|88
|Ukraine|51
|\n|Afghanistan|13
|Hungary|610
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
61
|Mongolia|34
|\n|Armenia|13
|Colombia|542
|Pakistan|*|India|61
|Viet Nam|25
|\n|Algeria|8
|Haiti|393
|Italy|*|Syrian Arab Rep.|58
|Belarus|23
|\n|Georgia|8
|China|335
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Bangladesh|42
|Russian Fed.|23
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|7
|United States|275
|Albania|*|Iraq|32
|Turkey|21
|\n|Nigeria|5
|Slovakia|205
|Ukraine|*|Mongolia|31
|Stateless|14
|\n|Bosnia and H.|*|Sri Lanka|181
|Georgia|*|Egypt|24
|Serbia**|12
|\n|Ethiopia|*|St. Vincent & Grena|
143
|Tunisia|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|19
|China|8
|\n|||||||||||\n|Denmark|Denmark|Estonia|Estonia|Finland|Finland|France|France|Germany|Germany|\n|Afghanistan|220
|Ukraine|*|Somalia|288
|Serbia**|1,162
|Iraq|1,304
|\n|Russian Fed.|63
|Mongolia|*|Iraq|275
|Sri Lanka|659
|Serbia**|494
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|59
|||Russian Fed.|102
|Russian Fed.|637
|Afghanistan|481
|\n|Iraq ****|58
|||Bulgaria|94
|Armenia|590
|Turkey|352
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|51
|||Afghanistan|73
|Dem. Rep. of Cong|o
587
|Viet Nam|328
|\n|Serbia**|47
|||Serbia**|65
|China|486
|Syrian Arab Rep.|204
|\n|Somalia|30
|||Nigeria|36
|Haiti|410
|Nigeria|189
|\n|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
19
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|29
|Turkey|400
|Russian Fed.|187
|\n|Eritrea|12
|||Turkey|27
|Bangladesh|373
|India|185
|\n|Nigeria|12
|||Sri Lanka|26
|Mauritania|356
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|176
|\n|||||||||||\n|Greece|Greece|Hungary|Hungary|Iceland|Iceland|Ireland|Ireland|Italy|Italy|\n|Pakistan|1,092
|Serbia**|519
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Nigeria|156
|Nigeria|1,463
|\n|Georgia|669
|Afghanistan|229
|Albania|*|Pakistan|64
|Somalia|837
|\n|Bangladesh|520
|Georgia|30
|Somalia|*|China|54
|Bangladesh|457
|\n|Afghanistan|497
|Turkey|19
|Iraq|*|Somalia|31
|Pakistan|441
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|436
|Nigeria|18
|Afghanistan|*|Dem. Rep. of Cong|o
28
|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|268
|\n|Nigeria|287
|TfYR Macedonia|17
|Sri Lanka|*|Afghanistan|23
|Ghana|207
|\n|Iraq|265
|China|17
|||Zimbabwe|22
|Serbia**|150
|\n|Senegal|124
|Somalia|15
|||Rep. of Moldova|21
|Mali|121
|\n|Albania|102
|Russian Fed.|12
|||Georgia|21
|Afghanistan|101
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|90
|Iraq|12
|||Albania|19
|Burkina Faso|82
|\n|||||||||||\n|Japan|Japan|Latvia|Latvia|Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein|Lithuania|Lithuania|Luxembourg|Luxembourg|\n|Myanmar|133
|Uzbekistan|*|Syrian Arab Rep.|5
|Russian Fed.|10
|Serbia**|37
|\n|Sri Lanka|69
|Turkey|*|Turkmenistan|*|Syrian Arab Rep.|6
|Bosnia and H.|13
|\n|Pakistan|22
|Georgia|*|Germany|*|India|5
|Iraq|9
|\n|Turkey|18
|||Ukraine|*|Iraq|*|Russian Fed.|5
|\n|India|13
|||Ethiopia|*|Belarus|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|5
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|10
|||Serbia**|*|Afghanistan|*|Belarus|*|\n|Nepal|10
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Uzbekistan|*|Azerbaijan|*|\n|Bangladesh|8
|||Nigeria|*|Stateless|*|Cameroon|*|\n|Congo|7
|||||Sri Lanka|*|Albania|*|\n|Uganda|6
|||||||TfYR Macedonia|*|\n|||||||||||\n|Malta|Malta|Montenegro|Montenegro|Netherlands|Netherlands|New Zealand|New Zealand|Norway|Norway|\n|Somalia|273
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Somalia|1,658
|Sri Lanka|8
|Afghanistan|1,228
|\n|Nigeria|89
|Serbia**|*|Iraq|337
|Czech Rep.|6
|Eritrea|599
|\n|Eritrea|47
|Russian Fed.|*|Afghanistan|286
|Fiji|5
|Somalia|516
|\n|Mali|41
|||Eritrea|104
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|5
|Stateless|318
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|21
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|83
|Pakistan|5
|Iraq|277
|\n|Sudan|12
|||Mongolia|74
|Iraq|*|Nigeria|177
|\n|Ethiopia|11
|||Armenia|73
|Saudi Arabia|*|Ethiopia|160
|\n|Guinea|9
|||China|59
|Ethiopia|*|Russian Fed.|159
|\n|Gambia|5
|||Guinea|52
|Algeria|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|124
|\n|Ghana|*|||Georgia|46
|Zimbabwe|*|Serbia**|98
|\n|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|\n\n\n\n_**21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2009 (continued)
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) denotes a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Poland|Poland|Portugal|Portugal|Rep. of Korea|Rep. of Korea|Romania|Romania|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|\n|Russian Fed.|1,120
|Eritrea|9
|Pakistan|34
|Rep. of Moldova|49
|Afghanistan|69
|\n|Georgia|963
|Mauritania|6
|Sri Lanka|9
|Turkey|28
|Iraq|*|\n|Indonesia|36
|Guinea|5
|Bangladesh|8
|China|28
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|\n|Armenia|33
|Nigeria|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7
|Afghanistan|15
|Russian Fed.|*|\n|Viet Nam|15
|Bosnia and H.|*|Uganda|5
|India|12
|Croatia|*|\n|Belarus|11
|Dem. Rep. of Congo|
*|Myanmar|5
|Georgia|11
|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
*|\n|Ukraine|11
|Zimbabwe|*|China|5
|Bangladesh|8
|Libyan Arab Jamahi|*|\n|Nepal|9
|Sri Lanka|*|Russian Fed.|*|Pakistan|7
|Guinea|*|\n|Pakistan|8
|Colombia|*|Cameroon|*|Iraq|6
|||\n|Bangladesh|8
|Guinea-Bissau|*|Nigeria|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|6
|||\n|||||||||||\n|Slovakia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Slovenia|Spain|Spain|Sweden|Sweden|Switzerland|Switzerland|\n|Pakistan|36
|Bosnia and H.|6
|Nigeria|111
|Somalia|1,184
|Nigeria|393
|\n|Georgia|24
|Serbia**|*|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|77
|Iraq|486
|Sri Lanka|387
|\n|Viet Nam|20
|Afghanistan|*|Colombia|54
|Serbia**|433
|Serbia**|262
|\n|Russian Fed.|20
|Albania|*|Algeria|35
|Afghanistan|269
|Eritrea|253
|\n|India|13
|Rep. of Moldova|*|Cameroon|33
|Russian Fed.|213
|Iraq|168
|\n|China|12
|Pakistan|*|Guinea|32
|Eritrea|201
|Afghanistan|129
|\n|Rep. of Moldova|11
|Iraq|*|Cuba|29
|Stateless|198
|Turkey|105
|\n|Afghanistan|5
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Russian Fed.|23
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|164
|Somalia|100
|\n|Bangladesh|*|Algeria|*|Dem. Rep. of Congo|
21
|Mongolia|137
|Russian Fed.|97
|\n|Nigeria|*|Russian Fed.|*|Sierra Leone|17
|Libyan Arab Jamahi|87
|Syrian Arab Rep.|88
|\n|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Afghanistan
53

Iraq
1,075

Zimbabwe
2,040

China
2,902

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
325

Afghanistan
860

Mexico
571

Serbia**
*
Afghanistan
178

Pakistan
530

El Salvador
569

Somalia
96

Islamic Rep. of Iran
435

Haiti
448

Myanmar
39

Sri Lanka
400

Guatemala
406

Sudan
12

China
360

Russian Fed.
328

Dem. Rep. of Congo
11

Eritrea
290

Ethiopia
313

Sri Lanka
9

Somalia
250

Nepal
259

Guinea
7

Iraq
190

India
205

C\u00f4te d'Ivoire
7

Nigeria
190

Honduras
195

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|\n\n\n|TfYR Macedonia|Col2|Turkey|Col4|United Kingdom|Col6|United States***|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Afghanistan|53
|Iraq|1,075
|Zimbabwe|2,040
|China|2,902
|\n|Albania|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|325
|Afghanistan|860
|Mexico|571
|\n|Serbia**|*|Afghanistan|178
|Pakistan|530
|El Salvador|569
|\n|||Somalia|96
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|435
|Haiti|448
|\n|||Myanmar|39
|Sri Lanka|400
|Guatemala|406
|\n|||Sudan|12
|China|360
|Russian Fed.|328
|\n|||Dem. Rep. of Congo|
11
|Eritrea|290
|Ethiopia|313
|\n|||Sri Lanka|9
|Somalia|250
|Nepal|259
|\n|||Guinea|7
|Iraq|190
|India|205
|\n|||C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|7
|Nigeria|190
|Honduras|195
|\n\n\n\n_**22**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 13. Asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, January to June 2009
See footnotes at the bottom of Table 1.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Albania|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Australia|376
|364
|518
|444
|412
|390
|2,504
|\n|Austria|1,215
|1,255
|1,316
|1,205
|1,229
|1,298
|7,518
|\n|Belgium|1,314
|1,068
|1,185
|1,215
|1,145
|1,251
|7,178
|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|23
|3
|1
|2
|4
|8
|41
|\n|Bulgaria|71
|66
|91
|51
|57
|75
|411
|\n|Canada|2,873
|3,030
|3,351
|3,277
|3,006
|3,185
|18,722
|\n|Croatia|3
|5
|20
|9
|4
|16
|57
|\n|Cyprus|303
|369
|219
|208
|268
|240
|1,607
|\n|Czech Rep.|123
|130
|113
|134
|115
|90
|705
|\n|Denmark|336
|257
|345
|221
|304
|210
|1,673
|\n|Estonia|1
|4
|3
|2
|-
|-
|10
|\n|Finland|537
|478
|475
|375
|373
|441
|2,679
|\n|France|2,821
|3,671
|3,549
|3,382
|2,711
|3,282
|19,416
|\n|Germany|2,342
|1,936
|1,995
|1,919
|1,835
|1,952
|11,979
|\n|Greece|1,557
|1,590
|1,571
|1,679
|1,717
|1,663
|9,777
|\n|Hungary|280
|497
|485
|348
|349
|310
|2,269
|\n|Iceland|-
|1
|3
|-
|2
|6
|12
|\n|Ireland|254
|270
|270
|241
|229
|244
|1,508
|\n|Italy|1,983
|1,363
|1,447
|1,696
|2,228
|1,257
|9,974
|\n|Japan|157
|139
|130
|112
|110
|107
|755
|\n|Latvia|1
|1
|-
|2
|1
|-
|5
|\n|Liechtenstein|1
|5
|12
|2
|7
|3
|30
|\n|Lithuania|14
|16
|10
|9
|18
|8
|75
|\n|Luxembourg|39
|24
|31
|37
|23
|41
|195
|\n|Malta|220
|227
|224
|200
|179
|152
|1,202
|\n|Montenegro|-
|1
|5
|7
|1
|-
|14
|\n|Netherlands|1,171
|1,147
|1,305
|1,233
|1,022
|1,216
|7,094
|\n|New Zealand|21
|32
|12
|21
|26
|14
|126
|\n|Norway|1,347
|1,189
|1,289
|1,273
|1,512
|1,556
|8,166
|\n|Poland|367
|344
|451
|470
|521
|1,312
|3,465
|\n|Portugal|15
|12
|16
|7
|12
|24
|86
|\n|Rep. of Korea|22
|26
|49
|23
|45
|29
|194
|\n|Romania|80
|104
|55
|58
|55
|88
|440
|\n|Serbia|4
|4
|21
|19
|35
|26
|109
|\n|Slovakia|53
|43
|71
|39
|62
|77
|345
|\n|Slovenia|38
|10
|13
|12
|9
|5
|87
|\n|Spain|291
|339
|268
|247
|217
|272
|1,634
|\n|Sweden|1,893
|1,636
|1,692
|1,526
|1,545
|1,837
|10,129
|\n|Switzerland|2,127
|1,263
|1,174
|1,080
|957
|1,065
|7,666
|\n|TfYR Macedonia|1
|3
|2
|5
|50
|2
|63
|\n|Turkey|921
|668
|874
|757
|532
|531
|4,283
|\n|United Kingdom|3,260
|3,215
|3,820
|2,810
|2,275
|2,300
|17,680
|\n|United States (EOIR)|1,039
|1,065
|1,251
|1,217
|1,064
|1,137
|6,773
|\n|United States (DHS)|2,601
|2,363
|2,794
|2,726
|3,284
|3,136
|16,905
|\n|EU-old (15)|19,028
|18,261
|19,285
|17,793
|16,865
|17,288
|108,520
|\n|EU-new (12)|1,551
|1,811
|1,735
|1,533
|1,634
|2,357
|10,621
|\n|EU-total (27)|20,579
|20,072
|21,020
|19,326
|18,499
|19,645
|119,141
|\n|Nordic region (5)|4,113
|3,561
|3,804
|3,395
|3,736
|4,050
|22,659
|\n|Western Europe (19)|22,503
|20,719
|21,763
|20,148
|19,343
|19,918
|124,394
|\n|Central Europe (11)|1,031
|1,220
|1,312
|1,134
|1,191
|1,981
|7,869
|\n|Southern Europe (8)|5,290
|4,568
|4,619
|4,794
|5,153
|4,139
|28,563
|\n|Europe (38)|25,006
|23,214
|24,421
|22,480
|21,603
|22,858
|139,582
|\n|Non-Europe (6)|7,089
|7,019
|8,105
|7,820
|7,947
|7,998
|45,979
|\n|North America (2)|6,513
|6,458
|7,396
|7,220
|7,354
|7,458
|42,400
|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|397
|396
|530
|465
|438
|404
|2,630
|\n|**Total (44)**|**32,095**
|**30,233**
|**32,526**
|**30,300**
|**29,550**
|**30,856**
|**185,561**
|\n\n\n\n_**23**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n|Table 14. Monthly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries by origin, 2009
Top-40 ranking based on applications lodged during June 2009.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|2009|\n|Origin|Jan.|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Afghanistan|2,137
|1,891
|1,982
|1,699
|2,134
|2,168
|12,011
|\n|Somalia|1,988
|1,488
|1,793
|1,899
|2,004
|1,935
|11,107
|\n|Iraq|2,932
|2,370
|2,424
|2,043
|1,656
|1,747
|13,172
|\n|China|1,432
|1,342
|1,520
|1,585
|1,737
|1,722
|9,338
|\n|Russian Federation|1,415
|1,460
|1,368
|1,315
|1,399
|1,550
|8,507
|\n|Serbia *|1,401
|1,627
|1,788
|1,506
|1,383
|1,533
|9,238
|\n|Georgia|475
|452
|478
|479
|545
|1,403
|3,832
|\n|Mexico|870
|1,081
|1,301
|1,188
|1,052
|1,152
|6,644
|\n|Nigeria|1,475
|1,174
|1,144
|1,415
|1,332
|1,143
|7,683
|\n|Pakistan|930
|1,023
|1,097
|983
|1,074
|1,093
|6,200
|\n|Sri Lanka|910
|976
|1,000
|834
|778
|750
|5,248
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,007
|757
|803
|709
|639
|719
|4,634
|\n|Eritrea|1,184
|675
|668
|654
|652
|649
|4,482
|\n|Turkey|624
|600
|562
|512
|508
|524
|3,330
|\n|Bangladesh|755
|697
|623
|675
|571
|514
|3,835
|\n|Zimbabwe|1,114
|1,280
|1,854
|1,227
|597
|501
|6,573
|\n|Armenia|463
|460
|563
|371
|367
|447
|2,671
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|400
|416
|374
|472
|465
|439
|2,566
|\n|Haiti|451
|316
|493
|472
|366
|418
|2,516
|\n|India|359
|344
|389
|366
|363
|386
|2,207
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|393
|448
|468
|385
|342
|379
|2,415
|\n|Guinea|399
|419
|371
|386
|337
|371
|2,283
|\n|Algeria|306
|312
|313
|277
|240
|348
|1,796
|\n|Czech Rep.|131
|255
|288
|390
|447
|321
|1,832
|\n|Stateless|226
|197
|289
|252
|215
|290
|1,469
|\n|Ethiopia|249
|261
|291
|268
|294
|283
|1,646
|\n|Colombia|294
|317
|317
|332
|245
|264
|1,769
|\n|Hungary|55
|52
|110
|190
|248
|240
|895
|\n|Albania|187
|193
|157
|160
|205
|215
|1,117
|\n|Viet Nam|224
|191
|234
|232
|207
|213
|1,301
|\n|Cameroon|186
|156
|187
|152
|150
|207
|1,038
|\n|El Salvador|264
|228
|292
|300
|213
|197
|1,494
|\n|Sudan|203
|203
|199
|201
|192
|190
|1,188
|\n|Mongolia|239
|291
|292
|178
|186
|188
|1,374
|\n|Azerbaijan|189
|184
|177
|132
|143
|179
|1,004
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|220
|224
|251
|314
|235
|175
|1,419
|\n|Guatemala|144
|149
|191
|158
|153
|172
|967
|\n|Rep. of Moldova|70
|95
|118
|114
|160
|169
|726
|\n|Ghana|192
|158
|171
|164
|196
|168
|1,049
|\n|Mauritania|147
|132
|185
|192
|160
|161
|977
|\n|Other|4,709
|4,662
|4,600
|4,340
|4,422
|4,434
|27,167
|\n|Total|31,349
|29,556
|31,725
|29,521
|28,612
|29,957
|180,720
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**24**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6683260798454285, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9758132696151733, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9459052085876465, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.9166001081466675, - "start": 2100, - "end": 2106 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.9843003153800964, - "start": 2103, - "end": 2106 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "citizens of Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.6871165037155151, - "start": 2120, - "end": 2123 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2009**\n\n\n**Table 15. Top-40 countries of origin by main asylum region, second quarter 2009**\nSort order based on June data.\n\n|Industrialized countries (44 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Afghanistan|1,699|2,134|2,168|6,001|\n|Somalia|1,899|2,004|1,935|5,838|\n|Iraq|2,043|1,656|1,747|5,446|\n|China|1,585|1,737|1,722|5,044|\n|Russian Fed.|1,315|1,399|1,550|4,264|\n|Serbia *|1,506|1,383|1,533|4,422|\n|Georgia|479|545|1,403|2,427|\n|Mexico|1,188|1,052|1,152|3,392|\n|Nigeria|1,415|1,332|1,143|3,890|\n|Pakistan|983|1,074|1,093|3,150|\n|Sri Lanka|834|778|750|2,362|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|709|639|719|2,067|\n|Eritrea|654|652|649|1,955|\n|Turkey|512|508|524|1,544|\n|Bangladesh|675|571|514|1,760|\n|Zimbabwe|1,227|597|501|2,325|\n|Armenia|371|367|447|1,185|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|472|465|439|1,376|\n|Haiti|472|366|418|1,256|\n|India|366|363|386|1,115|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|385|342|379|1,106|\n|Guinea|386|337|371|1,094|\n|Algeria|277|240|348|865|\n|Czech Rep.|390|447|321|1,158|\n|Stateless|252|215|290|757|\n|Ethiopia|268|294|283|845|\n|Colombia|332|245|264|841|\n|Hungary|190|248|240|678|\n|Albania|160|205|215|580|\n|Viet Nam|232|207|213|652|\n|Cameroon|152|150|207|509|\n|El Salvador|300|213|197|710|\n|Sudan|201|192|190|583|\n|Mongolia|178|186|188|552|\n|Azerbaijan|132|143|179|454|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|314|235|175|724|\n|Guatemala|158|153|172|483|\n|Rep. of
Moldova|114|160|169|443|\n|Ghana|164|196|168|528|\n|Mauritania|192|160|161|513|\n|Other|4,340|4,422|4,434|13,196|\n|Total|29,521|28,612|29,957|88,090|\n\n\n\n**Note**\n\n|Europe (38 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Afghanistan|1,651|2,076|2,020|5,747|\n|Somalia|1,846|1,939|1,846|5,631|\n|Iraq|1,944|1,591|1,677|5,212|\n|Serbia *|1,484|1,361|1,507|4,352|\n|Russian Fed.|1,243|1,234|1,404|3,881|\n|Georgia|467|530|1,385|2,382|\n|Nigeria|1,343|1,281|1,076|3,700|\n|Pakistan|888|953|997|2,838|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|646|572|650|1,868|\n|Sri Lanka|681|630|603|1,914|\n|Eritrea|617|588|589|1,794|\n|China|515|481|536|1,532|\n|Bangladesh|636|541|481|1,658|\n|Turkey|478|462|480|1,420|\n|Zimbabwe|1,137|538|445|2,120|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|458|455|419|1,332|\n|Armenia|352|351|418|1,121|\n|Algeria|269|234|334|837|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|350|312|329|991|\n|Guinea|346|298|324|968|\n|Stateless|236|203|277|716|\n|India|226|264|265|755|\n|Viet Nam|222|190|202|614|\n|Albania|128|158|185|471|\n|Ethiopia|136|164|171|471|\n|Azerbaijan|127|130|169|426|\n|Sudan|188|178|168|534|\n|Mongolia|164|169|160|493|\n|Mauritania|178|154|158|490|\n|Ghana|151|183|151|485|\n|Cameroon|109|111|151|371|\n|Haiti|162|115|138|415|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|279|207|135|621|\n|Gambia|112|110|133|355|\n|Morocco|82|111|113|306|\n|Rep. of
Moldova|90|89|104|283|\n|Angola|79|73|92|244|\n|Bosnia and H.|99|53|86|238|\n|Senegal|101|100|84|285|\n|Mali|113|186|73|372|\n|Other|2,147|2,228|2,320|6,695|\n|Total|22,480|21,603|22,855|66,938|\n\n\n- Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.\n\n\n_**25**_\n\n\n|European Union (27 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Somalia|1,626|1,683|1,609|4,918|\n|Afghanistan|1,249|1,444|1,386|4,079|\n|Serbia *|1,351|1,247|1,371|3,969|\n|Georgia|441|515|1,353|2,309|\n|Russian Fed.|1,178|1,152|1,292|3,622|\n|Iraq|1,291|1,171|1,225|3,687|\n|Pakistan|875|925|970|2,770|\n|Nigeria|1,126|1,097|899|3,122|\n|China|487|444|509|1,440|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|485|409|480|1,374|\n|Bangladesh|629|533|476|1,638|\n|Sri Lanka|533|497|448|1,478|\n|Zimbabwe|1,132|534|444|2,110|\n|Turkey|425|430|438|1,293|\n|Armenia|343|348|411|1,102|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|397|405|362|1,164|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|329|292|308|929|\n|Guinea|319|277|304|900|\n|Eritrea|351|284|301|936|\n|Algeria|240|194|296|730|\n|India|225|260|261|746|\n|Viet Nam|218|189|198|605|\n|Albania|123|148|180|451|\n|Azerbaijan|120|128|163|411|\n|Stateless|130|110|157|397|\n|Mongolia|140|163|150|453|\n|Mauritania|164|146|149|459|\n|Sudan|168|149|142|459|\n|Cameroon|97|100|141|338|\n|Ghana|142|175|140|457|\n|Haiti|162|115|138|415|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|253|198|125|576|\n|Gambia|95|97|112|304|\n|Morocco|77|98|108|283|\n|Rep. of
Moldova|87|87|104|278|\n|Ethiopia|90|94|94|278|\n|Bulgaria|9|15|93|117|\n|Angola|70|68|85|223|\n|Congo|77|70|82|229|\n|Belarus|80|59|78|217|\n|Other|1,992|2,149|2,060|6,201|\n|Total|19,326|18,499|19,642|57,467|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cc9913d-ddf4-33b7-8e53-4db8366b58d5/81DBBF8F0B6BD2A149257657001964CC-UNHCR%20asylum%202009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_218/raw/doc_218_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_218/raw/doc_218_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5e45f121cdae9073c59569f5ebc703a71aec3b13..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_218/raw/doc_218_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1001 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Global Public Health, June 2006; 1(2): 147\ufffd156\n\n# HIV behavioural surveillance surveys in conflict and post-conflict situations: A call for improvement\n\n\nP. B. SPIEGEL & P. V. LE\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\n\nAbstract\nBehavioural surveillance surveys (BSSs), an evolution from the knowledge \ufffdattitudes practice surveys (KAPs), are a tool to track trends in HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes\nand risk behaviour among populations. The data collected support organizations in\ntargeting specific HIV/AIDS prevention and care activities, monitoring their effectiveness\nand coverage, and allocating scarce resources. The objectives are to evaluate the quality and\nstandardization of BSS-like surveys undertaken in conflict and post-conflict situations, and\nto provide recommendations to humanitarian agencies and governments on how to\nimprove their quality. Survey methodology was classified as reproducible if the populationbased sampling defined a sampling frame using probabilistic sampling. Survey indicators\nwere compared to internationally-accepted HIV indicators. The results showed that 14\n(45.2%) of the 31 BSS-like surveys evaluated between 1998 and 2005 in 14 countries were\nclassified as reproducible. Surveys undertaken by non-governmental organizations\n(NGOs) were significantly less reproducible than those undertaken by non-NGOs (p \ufffd/\n0.05). The majority of surveys used at least one identical or similarly worded\ninternationally-accepted HIV indicator for prevention and misperception but not for\npractice and attitudes. Few reported disaggregated indicators according to age or gender. It\nwas concluded that the majority of BSS-like surveys are of insufficient methodological rigor\nto be reproducible. Few surveys reported internationally-accepted HIV indicators by\ngender and age which makes interpretability and comparison difficult. United Nations\nagencies, NGOs, and governments undertaking BSSs in conflict and post-conflict settings\nshould proceed with a BSS survey once the design and plan for execution has been prepared\nby experienced and qualified experts. These experts should then oversee the survey, assure\ndata quality and incorporate training of others in the process. A practical and field userfriendly BSS manual is needed for conflict affected and displaced population situations,\none which is customized to take into account the special circumstances of such populations.\n\n\nKeywords: HIV, AIDS, behavioural surveillance survey, humanitarian emergency,\nconflict, post-conflict, refugee, IDP, methodology and quality\n\n\nCorrespondence: Paul B. Spiegel, MD, MPH, UNHCR, Case Postale 2500, Geneva 1211,\nSwitzerland. Tel: 41 22 739 8289. Fax: 41227397366. E-mail: spiegel@unhcr.org\n\n\nISSN 1744-1692 print/ISSN 1744-1706 online # 2006 Taylor & Francis\nDOI: 10.1080/17441690600679764\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.7983724474906921, - "start": 16, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8166295289993286, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "BSSs", - "confidence": 0.9544858932495117, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9448012709617615, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "knowledge \ufffdattitudes practice surveys", - "confidence": 0.740821123123169, - "start": 59, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5791919827461243, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KAPs", - "confidence": 0.5663102865219116, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSS-like surveys", - "confidence": 0.7401354908943176, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSS-like surveys", - "confidence": 0.8102095723152161, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.724644660949707, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSS survey", - "confidence": 0.9129629135131836, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8450373411178589, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Taylor & Francis", - "confidence": 0.6093576550483704, - "start": 460, - "end": 463 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "conflict affected and displaced population", - "confidence": 0.8422329425811768, - "start": 369, - "end": 374 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "148 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioural surveillance surveys\n(BSSs), an evolution from the knowledge-attitudes-practice surveys (KAPs), are\nan assessment, monitoring and evaluation tool designed to track trends in HIV/\nAIDS knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviour among populations. When used\ntogether with qualitative and quantitative research and proper measurement of\nappropriate programme indicators, the data collected from BSSs can assist\norganizations in targeting specific HIV/AIDS prevention and care activities,\nallocating scarce resources, and monitoring and evaluating the interventions\u2019\neffectiveness and coverage. BSSs are useful because they alert policy makers and\nprogramme managers to emerging or changing risks in existing behaviour, reveal\ngaps in knowledge and attitudes, help to identify vulnerable segments of\npopulations, contribute to improved programme content, provide data on specific\ntarget groups and ensure compatibility and standardization of data collection\n(Family Health International 2000).\nThe core BSS indicators have been evolving over time (Table I). Until the\nUnited Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS)\nindicators were developed in 2002, there were no internationally-accepted HIV\nindicators. The UNGASS indicators were followed by the development of the\nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) indicators in 2003 and, subsequently,\nthe US President\u2019s Emergency Preparedness Fund on AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)\nindicators in 2004. Although all of these indicators are similar to one another,\nthere are minor differences. Thus, it is difficult for persons implementing BSSs to\nchoose which indicators to use and complicated for others to compare studies\nwhich use different indicators. Furthermore, there are numerous other indicators\nthat can be used in BSSs depending upon the target groups and objectives of the\nsurvey.\nConflict, displacement, food insecurity and poverty have the potential to make\naffected populations more vulnerable to HIV transmission. The UNGASS\nDeclaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, states that \u2018populations destabilised\nby armed conflict . . . including refugees, internally displaced persons, and in\nparticular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u2019\n(United Nations General Assembly 2001). However, the common assumption\nthat this vulnerability necessarily translates into increased HIV infections and\nconsequently fuels the epidemic is not supported by data (Spiegel 2004). In the\nrecent past, HIV/AIDS interventions were generally not included by humanitarian organizations as part of their immediate response to conflict; HIV/AIDS was\nconsidered more of a developmental issue and not an immediate life threatening\ndisease such as malaria or cholera. However, thinking has evolved and it is now\ngenerally accepted that HIV/AIDS programmes must begin at the onset of a\nhumanitarian emergency, be multisectoral, and continue at every stage thereafter\n(Inter-Agency Standing Committee 2003). Furthermore, for refugees and\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs), HIV/AIDS programmes should be integrated\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "knowledge-attitudes-practice surveys", - "confidence": 0.8734215497970581, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "assessment, monitoring and evaluation tool", - "confidence": 0.6313050389289856, - "start": 39, - "end": 45 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KAPs", - "confidence": 0.5877439975738525, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSS indicators", - "confidence": 0.9013165235519409, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data on specific\ntarget groups", - "confidence": 0.752722978591919, - "start": 154, - "end": 159 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8679031729698181, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2000", - "confidence": 0.5936163067817688, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.9678731560707092, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.8080612421035767, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSSs", - "confidence": 0.9592684507369995, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8766855597496033, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.6526326537132263, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys 149\n\n\nTable I. Internationally accepted key BSS indicators.\n\n\nKnowledge International standard\n\n\n\nPrevention Percentage of young women and men\naged 15 \ufffd24 years who, in response to\nprompted questions, say that:\n1) people can protect themselves from\ncontracting HIV by having sex with only one\nfaithful, uninfected partner. [a]\n\n\n\nUNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\n\n\n\n2) people can protect themselves from UNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\ncontracting HIV by using condoms. [a]\n\nMisconceptions Percentage of young women and men\naged 15 \ufffd24 years who, in response to\nprompted questions, correctly reject that:\n1) A person can get HIV from mosquito UNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\nbites. [a]\n\n2) A person can get HIV from sharing a UNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\nmeal with someone who is infected. [a]\n\nGeneral Percentage of young women and men\naged 15 \ufffd24 who, in response to\nprompted questions, know that:\n1) A healthy-looking person can have UNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\nHIV. [ab]\n\nAttitudes\n\n\n\nCare and support The number of respondents who report\nan accepting or supportive attitude of:\n1) Would be willing to care for a family\nmember who became sick with the AIDS\nvirus.\n\n\n\nPEPFAR\n\n\n\n2) Would buy fresh vegetables from a vendor PEPFAR\nwhom they knew was HIV\ufffd/.\n\n\n\n3) Female teacher who is HIV\ufffd/ but not sick\nshould be allowed to continue teaching in\nschool.\n\n\n\nPEPFAR\n\n\n\n4) Would not want to keep the HIV\ufffd/ status PEPFAR\nof a family member a secret.\n\n\n\nPractices\n\n\nCondom use 1) Percent of men and women (aged 15 \ufffd24)\nwho used a condom at last sex with a\nnon-marital, non-cohabiting partner, of\nthose who have had sex with a non-marital,\nnon-cohabiting partner in the last 12\nmonths. [bc]\n\n\n\nUNGASS, MDG, PEPFAR\n\n\n\na prior to the UNGASS indicators in 2002, the UNAIDS stated indicators did not specify youth\n(15 \ufffd24 years).\nb the MDG indicator replaces \u2018have\u2019 with \u2018transmit\u2019.\nc the MDG indicators do not specify \u2018non-marital, non-cohabiting\u2019 but add \u2018high risk\u2019. PEFPAR\nuses 15 \ufffd49 years.\n\n\nwith the surrounding host population response and a sub-regional approach\nundertaken in order to take into account the displacement cycle (UNHCR 2005).\nTimely and accurate data are needed to provide targeted and effective\ninterventions in conflict and post-conflict settings. Unfortunately, due to unstable\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.9975643157958984, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Attitudes\n\n\n\nCare and support", - "confidence": 0.6995027661323547, - "start": 196, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNGASS indicators", - "confidence": 0.924867570400238, - "start": 353, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNAIDS", - "confidence": 0.6039589047431946, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.5092479586601257, - "start": 434, - "end": 435 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.9737275242805481, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "150 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le\n\n\nsituations and lack of epidemiological expertise in many humanitarian agencies,\nthe data provided are often unreliable (Boss et al. 1994, Spiegel et al. 2004). To\nassess the quality and standardization of BSSs, and its predecessor, the KAP\nsurvey, undertaken in conflict and post-conflict situations, we evaluated the\nmethodological quality and use of internationally-accepted indicators of these\nsurveys conducted among refugee, IDP, host community, returnee, conflict and\npost-conflict populations. Recommendations were then provided to humanitarian\nagencies and governments on how to improve the quality and standardization of\nBSSs among conflict and post-conflict populations.\n\n\nMethods\n\n\nWe collected all available HIV BSSs and reproductive health KAP surveys with an\nHIV component in refugee, IDP, host population, returnee, conflict and postconflict settings. This was accomplished by undertaking a literature review using\nPubMed, by searching the internet for key words (i.e. HIV, behavioural\nsurveillance survey, BSS, knowledge, attitudes practice, KAP, refugee, internally\ndisplaced person, IDP, returnee, conflict and post-conflict), and by contacting\nUN offices in affected countries and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)\nwhich undertake such surveys (e.g. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict\nConsortium, International Rescue Committee) and organizations which specialize\nin undertaking such surveys (e.g. Family Health International [FHI], US Centers\nfor Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]). When titles or abstracts of surveys\nwere found, but the actual report was not available, authors and organizations\nresponsible for the report were contacted directly. Inclusion criteria were any BSS\nor KAP survey with a quantitative HIV component undertaken among affected\npopulations, listed above, where a written report was available. Exclusion criteria\nwere surveys with an HIV component in the affected populations that were solely\nqualitative, and nationwide surveys that may have included one or more of the\naffected populations but where results were not disaggregated to differentiate\nthem from the overall population, and where reports were unavailable.\nThe survey reports were collected, evaluated, categorized and entered into an\nEpiInfo 3.2.2 (CDC, Atlanta, GA; version 4/26/2004) database under four broad\ncategories: background; methodology; report; and indicators. Sampling procedures were classified as reproducible if the population-based sampling defined a\nsampling frame and used probabilistic sampling, including proportional to\npopulation size (PPS) sampling if cluster sampling was used during the first\nstage, and all persons in the household within the stated age range were surveyed.\nAdditional indicators for the quality of survey methodology were assessed,\nincluding essential steps of survey preparation and report writing.\nInternationally-accepted standardized indicators were recorded as being\nincluded in the survey if the wording was the same or similar to the indicators\nin Table I. If information regarding survey methodology or indicators was not\nprovided in the reports, it was recorded as non-reproducible or accepted\nindicators not used, respectively.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSSs", - "confidence": 0.913489043712616, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7850610613822937, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KAP\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.665185809135437, - "start": 57, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8343756794929504, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "behavioural\nsurveillance survey", - "confidence": 0.9199156761169434, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7910401225090027, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.9567053914070129, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys 151\n\n\nResults\n\n\nA total of 40 BSS or KAP surveys were identified, of which 31 (77.5%) were\neligible according to the inclusion criteria. The 31 eligible surveys were undertaken between 1998 and 2005 in 14 countries. There were 12 countries (25\nsurveys) in Africa: Angola (1), Eritrea (1), Ethiopia (2), Kenya (2), Rwanda (2),\nSierra Leone (3), Somalia (1), South Africa (1), Sudan (2), Tanzania (3), Uganda\n(5) and Zambia (2); and 2 countries (six surveys) in Asia: Nepal (2) and Thailand\n(4). Eight (25.8%) surveys were undertaken in conflict settings, nine (29.0%) in\npost-conflict settings and 14 (45.2%) in relatively stable countries hosting\nrefugees. Among some of the eligible surveys, more than one affected population\nwas studied; refugees were included in 28 (90.3%) surveys, IDPs in six (19.4%)\nsurveys, returnees in three (9.7%) surveys and surrounding host populations\nin six (19.4%) surveys. The primary organizations responsible for the surveys\nwere NGOs, (23 surveys, 74.2%), CDC four surveys (12.9%), a United Nations\nagency three surveys (9.7%) and one government survey (3.2%). The sample\nsizes of the surveys ranged from 148 to 7,484, with a mean of 1,261 and a median\nof 549 persons. Fourteen (45.2%) of the 31 surveys were classified as\nreproducible (see Table II). Surveys undertaken by NGOs were significantly\nless reproducible than those undertaken by non-NGOs (chi-square test,\np \ufffd/0.05).\n\n\nSurvey methodology\n\n\nThe number of households or persons refusing to participate in the survey was\nreported in nine (29.0%) surveys, absent households or persons reported in seven\n(22.6%) surveys and the use of household replacement was reported in nine\n(29.0%) surveys. Eighteen (58.1%) used purely descriptive analysis while 13\n(41.9%) used both descriptive and comparative; for the latter, 11 (84.6%) of the\n13 reports stated which statistical tests were used to make comparisons. Ten\n(32.3%) of the survey reports did not state which statistical software was used. Of\nthe 21 (67.7%) reports that mentioned the type of statistical software, some used\nmore than one type: EpiInfo (11), SPSS (8), SAS (3), CSPro (2), SUDAAN (1)\nand SSP (1). Fourteen (45.2%) of the surveys had both a qualitative and\nquantitative component while 17 (54.8%) were solely quantitative.\nIn the written survey reports, 27 (87.1%) stated objectives, 10 (32.3%) stated\nthey asked for informed consent, 17 (54.8%) pilot tested the questionnaire, six\n(19.4%) of 30 surveys back-translated the questionnaire (one survey was\nundertaken in English so did not need back-translation), 27 (87.1%) provided\ntraining for interviewers (range of 1\ufffd16 days with median of 3 days), 11 (36.7%)\nof 30 surveys had gender balance among interviewers (one survey required\nrespondents to write answers on the questionnaire so there were no face to face\ninterviews), nine (29.0%) stated definitions (e.g. high risk sex, non-regular\npartner), 13 (41.9%) stated limitations and biases, 23 (74.2%) stated conclusions\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.9963668584823608, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.5427553057670593, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.850256085395813, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1998", - "confidence": 0.8214637041091919, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6812836527824402, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.5677693486213684, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6062971949577332, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8613235950469971, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.8166443705558777, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5572682023048401, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5751287937164307, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.5041083097457886, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6144721508026123, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5235408544540405, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey reports", - "confidence": 0.7381700277328491, - "start": 487, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9106441736221313, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.550102174282074, - "start": 636, - "end": 637 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.732306718826294, - "start": 695, - "end": 696 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "152 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le\n\n\nTable II. Sampling methodology and reproducibility for BSS and KAP surveys (N \ufffd/31).\n\n\nSampling method Frequency Percent\n\n\nRandom sampling 23 74.2%\nConvenience 4 12.9%\nNot mentioned 4 12.9%\nTotal 31 100.0%\n\n\nIf random, what type?\nSimple random 4 17.4%\nSystematic 7 30.4%\nCluster sampling 8 34.8%\nNot mentioned 4 17.4%\nTotal 23 100.0%\n\n\nIf cluster sampling, was PPS used?\nYes 3 37.5%\nNot mentioned 5 62.5%\nTotal 8 100.0%\n\n\nAll eligible persons in household surveyed\nYes 31 100%\nNo 0 0\nTotal 31 100.0%\n\n\nSampling frame\nYes 23 74.2%\nNo 8 25.8%\nTotal 31 100.0%\n\n\nReproducibility\nYes 14 45.2%\nNo 17 54.8%\nTotal 31 100.0%\n\n\nand recommendations based on study data, 16 (51.6%) provided references and\n16 (51.6%) appended the questionnaire to the report.\n\n\nKey indicators\n\n\nThe majority of surveys reported the same or similarly worded internationallyaccepted HIV indicators for prevention and misconception (except for the\nmisconception question on the possibility of getting HIV from sharing a meal with\nsomeone who is infected with HIV); however, few reported disaggregated\nindicators by age and gender (Table III). The majority of surveys did not report\nthe same or similarly worded internationally-accepted HIV indicators for practice\nand attitudes; few reported disaggregated indicators by age or gender (Table III).\nTwenty-six (83.9%) of the surveys asked an HIV practice question with 14\n(45.2%) asking the question that was the same as or similar to the internationallyaccepted practice indicator that we chose (Table I); five (35.7%) disaggregated\nthe indicator by gender and age (Table III). Twenty-one (67.7%) of the surveys\nasked HIV attitude questions with less than the majority asking at least one\nquestion that was the same as or similar to the internationally-accepted attitude\nindicators (Table I); few disaggregated by gender and age (Table III).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSS", - "confidence": 0.6269974112510681, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Sampling methodology and reproducibility", - "confidence": 0.8837189674377441, - "start": 15, - "end": 19 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study data", - "confidence": 0.5509909391403198, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "internationallyaccepted practice indicator", - "confidence": 0.7269768714904785, - "start": 343, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys 153\n\n\nTable III. HIV/AIDS knowledge, practices and attitudes questions and indicators (N \ufffd/31).\n\n\nNumber* Percent\n\n\nKnowledge\nDid the study include prevention questions, even if 26 83.9%\nthey did not include the standard questions below?\n\n1) Sex with only 1 partner\nSame or similar wording 21 67.7%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 6 (N\ufffd/20) [\ufffd] 30.0%\n\n\n2) Using condoms\nSame or similar wording 26 83.9%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 6 (N\ufffd/25) [\ufffd] 24.0%\nDid study include misconception questions, even if 20 64.5%\nthey did not include standard questions below?\n\n1) Mosquito bites\nSame or similar wording 16 51.6%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 3 (N\ufffd/15) [\ufffd] 20.0%\n\n\n2) Sharing a meal\nSame or similar wording 14 45.2%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 5 (N\ufffd/13) [\ufffd] 38.4%\n\n\n3) Healthy-looking person can have/transmit HIV\nSame or similar wording 18 58.1%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 4 (N\ufffd/17) [\ufffd] 23.5%\n\n\nPractices\nDid the study include practice questions, even if they 26 83.9%\ndid not include standard questions below?\n\n1) Condom at last sex with a high risk partner\nSame or similar wording 14 45.2%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 5 (N\ufffd/14) 35.7%\n\n\nAttitudes\nDid the study include attitude-related questions, even 21 67.7%\nif they did not include standard questions below?\n\n\n1) Care for family with HIV/AIDS\nSame or similar wording 14 45.2%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 3 (N\ufffd/14) 21.4%\n\n\n2) Would buy fresh vegetables\nSame or similar wording 5 16.1%\nDisaggregated by age 1 (N\ufffd/5) 20.0%\n\n\n3) Teacher who is HIV\ufffd/\n\nSame or similar wording 6 19.4%\nDisaggregated by age 1 (N\ufffd/6) 16.7%\n\n\n4) Would not want to keep secret\nSame or similar wording 7 21.4%\nDisaggregated by gender and age 1 (N\ufffd/7) 14.3%\n\n\n- N\ufffd/31 unless specified.\n\nN\ufffd/1 less the total number of surveys with same or similar wording because one survey targeted\none subpopulation of a specific gender and age.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.9984596967697144, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.544813871383667, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8928115963935852, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "subpopulation of a specific gender and age", - "confidence": 0.6521369814872742, - "start": 480, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "154 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le\n\n\nDiscussion\n\n\nOverall, the majority of surveys that met the inclusion criteria were of insufficient\nmethodological rigor to be reproducible. Other important methodological issues,\nsuch as households or persons who were absent or refused to participate, as well\nas whether replacement of such households or persons occurred, were not stated\nin most of the reports. Sample sizes had a wide range and some may have been of\ninsufficient size to be precise enough to interpret results or make meaningful\ncomparisons with future surveys. The majority of questionnaires were not field\ntested or back-translated nor were qualitative methods used to complement the\nquantitative methodology used in many of these surveys. Only a minority of\nsurveys obtained informed consent from participants. Few provided definitions\nof essential terms, such as high risk sex or non-regular partners. Although most\nof the surveys included training of surveyors, few reported gender balance of\ninterviewers. All of the above methodological flaws inject sufficient biases into\nthese surveys to make the most of them unacceptable.\nThe majority of the written reports lacked sufficient detail and structure to be\nanalysed and interpreted by the reader in a meaningful way. Most reports\nprovided objectives for the survey as well as conclusions and recommendations.\nHowever, few stated limitations and biases and only half appended the\nquestionnaire to the report. Important methodological details were missing in\nmany surveys, including information on how the sample size was chosen, the\nspecifics of the sampling methodology and whether replacement was used. Most\nof the analyses were descriptive in nature with few reports using comparative\nstatistics. The majority of reports used some variation of the internationallyaccepted HIV indicators for knowledge (e.g. prevention and misconceptions) but\nonly a minority used some variation of these indicators for practice and attitudes.\nThe disaggregation by age or gender varied considerably among reports which led\nto difficulties in comparing results; furthermore, few studies reported indicators\naccording to both gender and age.\nThere are limitations to this article. Despite an attempt to search as widely as\npossible in the published and grey literature, as well as to contact organizations\nknown to undertake BSSs in conflict and post conflict settings, some surveys will\nhave been missed. In addition, those included are not just BSSs but reproductive\nhealth KAP surveys with an HIV component. The latter may not contain as much\ndetail on HIV as BSSs, however, this would neither affect the basic methodological weaknesses nor the absence of key internationally-accepted standardized\nHIV indicators. Some of the BSSs examined in this report were conducted before\n2002 when the internationally accepted UNGASS indicators were developed; this\ntogether with the changing of indicators over time makes it difficult to interpret\nthe usage of internationally-accepted indicators. Misclassification may have\noccurred because results were based on findings written in the reports reviewed.\nFor those reports that omitted key methodological issues or results, the data were\nrecorded in a negative fashion (e.g. if type of sampling was not mentioned, the\nsurvey was recorded as not employing random sampling).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.8887234926223755, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.710045337677002, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5583661198616028, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "internationallyaccepted HIV indicators", - "confidence": 0.826671838760376, - "start": 302, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSSs", - "confidence": 0.5686675310134888, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5160365104675293, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys 155\n\n\nBSSs are expensive and time consuming. In conflict and post-conflict settings,\nthe costs of BSSs vary according to population and geographic size, but generally\ncost at least US$50,000 for a typical refugee camp when conducted by qualified\nspecialists (source: UNHCR based on 11 BSSs in five countries from 2004 to\n2005). Anecdotally, some organizations having insufficient funding undertook\nsurveys on their own or with inexperienced consultants; these surveys often had\npoor results. Therefore, adequate funding is needed before such surveys are\nundertaken.\nBSSs collect crucial HIV/AIDS data to inform local and national interventions\nas well as for programme monitoring and evaluation, and for the allocation of\nscarce resources. Scientifically sound and reproducible studies with structured\nand detailed reports are needed. Our results showed that organizations that are\nspecifically trained and have extensive experience in doing these surveys, such as\nCDC, undertook surveys and produced reports that were superior to those of\nNGOs. As was previously recommended for nutrition surveys in humanitarian\nemergencies, NGOs, governments, and UN agencies interested in undertaking\nBSSs in conflict and post-conflict settings must ensure that the process is\ndeveloped and directed by qualified and experienced experts (Spiegel et al.\n2004). This may require hiring organizations that specialize in undertaking such\nsurveys. The decision to undertake such surveys should be made in a coordinated\nfashion with all relevant organizations, governments and affected populations.\nPersons writing such proposals should be aware of the financial, time and\nlogistical constraints in correctly undertaking BSSs. Donors should only fund\nrealistic and technically sound proposals. Systematic training and ongoing\nadvocacy on these issues among NGOs, UN agencies, governments and donors\nis needed. An inventory of international experts that can assist in planning and\nundertaking field missions should be developed.\nUnlike nutrition surveys in humanitarian settings (Spiegel et al. 2004), there is\ncurrently no standard questionnaire, methodology nor practical manual on how\nto undertake BSSs in conflict and post-conflict settings. Many BSSs are\nundertaken on a nationwide scale with large samples that require significant\ntechnical expertise and resources (e.g. demographic and health surveys with an\nHIV component). The FHI BSS guidelines for repeated behavioural surveys in\npopulations at risk of HIV (Family Health International 2000) are often used as\nthe standard manual for undertaking BSSs. However, this 350 page manual\ndescribes how BSSs can be undertaken in numerous different situations and is not\ndesigned to be a \u2018how to manual\u2019 such as those designed for nutrition surveys in\nhumanitarian emergencies (Me\u00b4decins Sans Frontie\u00b4res 1995, Save the Children\n2004). Furthermore, conflict and post-conflict situations are unique and require\ndifferent information from other populations (Spiegel 2004, UNHCR 2005).\nThese include questions on displacement and interaction with surrounding host\npopulations as well as sensitive questions on sexual exploitation and violence.\nRecognizing this need, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in\ncollaboration with the World Bank, UNAIDS and the Great Lakes Initiative on\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HIV behavioural surveillance surveys", - "confidence": 0.9498164653778076, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "BSSs", - "confidence": 0.5440078973770142, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9601237773895264, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "five countries", - "confidence": 0.6681623458862305, - "start": 59, - "end": 61 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.7491815686225891, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Spiegel et al.", - "confidence": 0.8416739106178284, - "start": 223, - "end": 227 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.7171177864074707, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.9532468914985657, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Me\u00b4decins Sans Frontie\u00b4res", - "confidence": 0.8085970878601074, - "start": 472, - "end": 479 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.8113230466842651, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1995", - "confidence": 0.7407550811767578, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "156 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le\n\n\nAIDS are engaged in a process that will produce a BSS manual that can serve as a\ngeneric BSS tool for conflict-affected and displaced populations. This manual will\ncontain practical sections on methodology, analysis and results, indicators, report\nwriting as well as sample questionnaires that contain modules on pre-displacement, displacement and post-displacement/interaction with the surrounding host\ncommunity. Emphasis on the latter and the need to undertake such surveys\namong both the displaced populations and surrounding host communities is\nemphasized. This effort will ultimately aid in the provision of integrated HIV/\nAIDS programmes for refugees and surrounding host populations (UNHCR\n2005).\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nRichard Brennan, Laurie Bruns, Ann Burton, Marelize Gorgens, Sara Hersey,\nMichelle Hynes, Amey Kouwonou, Njogu Patterson, Susan Purdin, Marian\nSchilperoord, Richard Seifman and Dieudonne Yiweza.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nBoss, L.P., Toole, M.J. and Yip, R. (1994) Assessments of Mortality, Morbidity, and Nutritional\nStatus in Somalia During the 1991 \ufffd1992 Famine. Recommendations for Standardization of\nMethods. JAMA, 272, 371 \ufffd376.\nFamily Health International (2000) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys: Guidelines for Repeated\nBehavioral Surveys in Populations at Risk of HIV (Washington, DC: FHI, Impact, USAID,\nDFID).\nInter-Agency Standing Committee (2003) Guidelines for HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency\nSetting (Geneva: IASC).\nMe\u00b4decins Sans Frontie`res (1995) Nutrition Guidelines (Paris: Me\u00b4decins Sans Frontie`res).\nSave the Children (2004) Emergency Nutrition Assessment: Guidelines for Field Workers.\nSpiegel, P.B. (2004) HIV/AIDS Among Conflict-Affected and Displaced Populations: Dispelling\nMyths and Taking Action. Disasters, 28, 322 \ufffd339.\nSpiegel, P.B., Salama, P., Maloney, S. and van der Veen, A. (2004) Quality of Malnutrition\nAssessment Surveys Conducted During Famine in Ethiopia. JAMA, 292, 613 \ufffd618.\nUNHCR, UNAIDS (2005) Best Practice Strategies to Support the HIV-Related Needs of Refugees\nand Host Populations, Geneva.\nUnited Nations General Assembly (2001) Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS (New York:\nUnited Nations, UNAIDS).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f55ee878-3a03-354e-b6a4-8e6e46e6d367/97BFC8E4D4AF9ABCC12575150032FDDA-unhcr_jun2006.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_219/raw/doc_219_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_219/raw/doc_219_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b43701c978bad5e9efaa319aac7fbebf93d7ea54..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_219/raw/doc_219_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,571 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# A LIFE OF\n### FEAR AND FLIGHT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "We fled Gilima in 2009, as the LRA started attacking there. From there we fled to Bangadi, but\nwe were confronted with the same problem, as the LRA was attacking us. We fled from there\nto Niangara. Because of insecurity we fled to Baga. In an attack there, two of my children were\nkilled, and one was kidnapped. He is still gone. Two family members of my husband were killed.\nWe then fled to Dungu, where we arrived in July 2010.\n\n\nOn the way, we were abused too much by the soldiers. We were abused because the child of\nmy brother does not understand Lingala, only Bazande. They were therefore claiming we were\nLRA spies! We had to pay too much for this. We lost most of our possessions.\n\n\nOnce in Dungu, we were first sleeping under a tree. Then someone offered his hut. It was too\nsmall with all the kids, we slept with twelve in one hut. We then got another offer, to sleep in a\nhouse at a church. The house was, however, collapsing and the owner chased us. He did not\nwant us there. We then heard that some displaced had started a camp, and that we could get\na plot there. When we had settled there, it turned out we had settled outside of the borders of\nthe camp, and we were forced to leave. All the time, we could not dig and we had no access to\nfood. We then found this site, where we have been staying ever since.\n\n\nDisplaced woman, Dungu, Orientale province, Democratic Republic of Congo, July 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## A LIFE OF\n#### FEAR AND FLIGHT\n\nThe Legacy of LRA Brutality in North-East\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5\n\n\nOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6\n\n\nMethodology and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7\n\n\nI. Displacement in orientale province: the LRA effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8\n\nI.I LRA violence in orientale province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8\n\nExtreme violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8\n\nAbduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11\n\nDisplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12\n\nI.II Other drivers of displacement in LRA-affected areas of Orientale . . . . . . 13\n\nPsychosocial dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14\n\n\nII. Collective trauma and challenges to response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14\n\nII.I Complex and interrelated vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14\n\nLand and livelihoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16\n\nAccess to services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17\n\nMarginalisation and exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19\n\nStay, or go home? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20\n\nII.II Protracted displacement and durable solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20\n\nChallenges for the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19\n\n\nIII. Conclusions: Low-level violence, high-level fear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In what amounts to one of the world\u2019s largest and longest-running displacement crises, the Lord\u2019s Resistance\nArmy (LRA) has displaced as many as 2.5 million people,\neither internally or across borders, in Uganda, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Central\nAfrican Republic (CAR) over the last 30 years (UN SG,\nMay 2013; IDMC, 2013). DRC\u2019s north-eastern Orientale\nprovince currently hosts the highest number, with an\nestimated 320,000 internally displaced people (IDPs).\n\n\nThis report aims to set the displacement caused by LRA\nwithin the broader context and operating environment\nin Orientale province, and to highlight the specific vulnerabilities of the populations affected by its violence.\nIt also focuses on the challenges in terms of response,\nparticularly in relation to long-term displacement and\nprospects for return and local integration.\n\n\nLRA violence in the districts of Haut and Bas-U\u00e9l\u00e9 has\ndecreased in recent years, but the displacement caused\nby previous attacks and the fear of new ones remain\nhigh. There are similarities with displacement patterns\nelsewhere in DRC, including repeated and protracted\ndisplacement, but the history of LRA violence in Orientale\nprovince has created far higher levels of fear and psychosocial trauma than in other areas. This in turn appears\nto have led to the greater reluctance observed in the\nprovince\u2019s IDPs to return to their places of origin, or even\nto travel outside their places of refuge to farm land for\nfood, despite the widespread food insecurity they suffer.\nThis creates particular challenges in terms of response,\nespecially in the long-term, and as displacement becomes\nmore protracted new challenges will arise in IDPs\u2019 search\nfor durable solutions. The underlying poverty and the\nlimited provision of public services throughout the province are also a key challenge. They affect both host and\ndisplaced communities, and put considerable pressure on\nextremely scarce resources in areas with high influxes of\nIDPs. These pressures grow as displacement continues,\nparticularly if the issues around IDPs\u2019 access to land and\nlivelihoods are not properly addressed.\n\n\nDisplacement within Orientale province and arrivals from\nneighbouring provinces and countries have increased\npressure on already scarce resources. As elsewhere in\nDRC, a lack of infrastructure and government capacity\nhas hampered the provision of security and the delivery of\nan effective humanitarian response. IDPs face particular\ndifficulty in accessing health care, education and land, in\npart the result of financial constraints but also because\n\n\n\nof tensions with local communities over resources. Displacement tends to be protracted. More than 55 per cent\nof current IDPs have been displaced since 2008 or 2009\n(IDMC interview Dungu, July 2013, figures on file with\nIDMC). Many have been displaced more than once, but\naccurate data on multiple displacement is limited.\n\n\nHumanitarian aid has to date helped to ease some of\nthose pressures, benefitting local populations as well as\nIDPs. There is a real risk that as LRA violence reduces,\nhumanitarian assistance will continue to reduce with\nlittle engagement from state or development actors to\nfill the gap. The decrease in LRA violence must not be\nseen as an indication that those affected have fewer\nneeds. Rather, long-term assistance must be tailored to\nmeet the extensive needs of IDPs, former abductees and\ntheir hosts, on both an individual and community level.\nParticular attention should be given to mental health\nissues and their implications for reintegration, with a view\nto supporting sustainable steps towards recovery and\nbringing the province\u2019s IDPs, former abductees and host\ncommunities together.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Lord\u2019s Resistance Army (LRA) took up arms against\nthe government of Uganda in the 1980s under the leadership of Joseph Kony. As early as the 1990s, its attacks\nspread into what was then southern Sudan, taking Uganda\u2019s \u201cwar in the north\u201d beyond national borders to become a regional threat (Schomerus, 2008). The group\nhas become notorious for carrying out mass atrocities\nagainst civilians. It has attacked and looted villages; killed,\nmaimed and kidnapped residents; and abducted children\nto serve as porters, sex slaves and soldiers. In 2005,\nthe LRA established its headquarters in the Garamba\nnational park in the DRC. A joint offensive launched by\nthe armed forces of Uganda, DRC and southern Sudanese authorities, with US support, failed to wipe out the\nLRA leadership in 2008, and in retaliation the movement\ncarried out a series of brutal attacks against local populations in north-eastern DRC. Since then, the LRA\u2019s\nmodus operandi has changed. It has split up into smaller\ngroups and targets civilians not only in DRC but also in\nneighbouring CAR and what is now South Sudan.\n\n\nIn what amounts to one of the world\u2019s largest and longest-running displacement crises, as many as 2.5 million\npeople have been displaced by the LRA, either internally\nor across borders, in Uganda, South Sudan, DRC and\nCAR over the last 30 years (UN SG May 2013). As of\nJune 2013, more than 440,000 people were believed to\nbe living in displacement in the central African region as\na result of LRA violence. Of these around 420,000 are\nIDPs, and 26,000 are refugees (OCHA, June 2013). DRC\nhosts 319,000 LRA-related IDPs, South Sudan 49,000 and\nCAR 21,000 (OCHA, June 2013).The areas affected by the\nLRA have a combined estimated population of around two\nmillion (OCHA, June 2012), meaning that more than 20 per\ncent are currently living as IDPs. Such high proportions\nare rarely seen in national displacement crises, and are\ncomparable to some of the world\u2019s worst \u2013 as of end\n2012, IDMC estimated internal displacement in Somalia to\naffect 12-15 per cent of the population, in DRC around 4\nper cent of the population, in Colombia some 11 per cent\nof the population and in Syria at least 15 per cent of the\npopulation (IDMC, 2013).\n\n\nThe LRA operates in remote areas that generally have\npoor public services and little state presence, including in\nterms of security forces. This has facilitated the group\u2019s\npresence and activities across the region. Its political\nagenda is all but impossible to identify, and consecutive\npeace agreements have failed to take root.\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nThe LRA\u2019s presence in north-eastern DRC has been\nconcentrated in Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 and Bas-U\u00e9l\u00e9 districts, two\nof the four that make up Orientale province. Since 1996,\nthe Congolese wars and political turmoil have further\nweakened governance and security provision, creating\nfertile ground for the proliferation of rebel movements,\narmed groups, poachers and cattle rustlers. More recently\nOrientale has also begun to receive refugees from the\nongoing crisis in CAR. According to 2009 figures from the\nNational Statistics Institute (INS), more than 75 per cent of\nOrientale province\u2019s population lives in poverty, compared\nwith 70 per cent for DRC as a whole. The 2013 Human\nDevelopment Report indicated that 87.7 per cent of the\npopulation are living in poverty country-wide, suggesting\nthat the poverty rate in Orientale province might be even\nhigher today (UNDP, March 2013). A study undertaken\nat the end of 2012 concluded that the majority of the\nprovince\u2019s population was suffering a chronic livelihood\ncrisis and had urgent food and nutritional needs (WFP/\nGovernment of DRC February 2013).\n\n\nDisplacement within Orientale province, and from neighbouring provinces and countries has increased pressure\non already scarce resources. As elsewhere in DRC, a lack\nof infrastructure and government capacity has hampered\nthe provision of security and the delivery of an effective\nhumanitarian response. IDPs in particular face challenges\nin accessing health care, education and land, in part the\nresult of financial constraints but also because of tensions with local communities over resources. Displacement tends to be protracted. More than 55 per cent of\ncurrent IDPs having been displaced since 2008 or 2009\n(IDMC field interview with OCHA, June 2013). Many have\nbeen displaced more than once, but accurate data on\nmultiple displacement is limited.\n\n\nAs such displacement trends in Orientale province appear\nto mirror those elsewhere in DRC, with multiple and protracted displacement a common feature. That said, the\nparticularly vicious nature of LRA violence, and the extreme fear and trauma it has generated, creates specific\nchallenges both for those affected and those responding\nto their needs. The extent to which displacement is protracted is important in this sense. There are IDPs living in\nprotracted displacement in other provinces, such as North\nand South Kivu, but a comparison of the number of new\nIDPs and returnees against cumulative figures suggests\nthat displacement there is more fluid than in areas where\nthe LRA has been active (IDMC, 2008-2013).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2013 Human\nDevelopment Report", - "confidence": 0.7008028626441956, - "start": 638, - "end": 642 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6222586631774902, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNDP", - "confidence": 0.793708086013794, - "start": 672, - "end": 673 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.5590333342552185, - "start": 664, - "end": 666 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9875626564025879, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.6059419512748718, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "accurate data on\nmultiple displacement", - "confidence": 0.6535409092903137, - "start": 838, - "end": 843 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.9071603417396545, - "start": 851, - "end": 853 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8324905633926392, - "start": 826, - "end": 827 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.971947193145752, - "start": 765, - "end": 766 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cumulative figures", - "confidence": 0.7245180606842041, - "start": 948, - "end": 950 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDMC", - "confidence": 0.9491862058639526, - "start": 967, - "end": 968 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nand South Kivu", - "confidence": 0.8409482836723328, - "start": 931, - "end": 935 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008-2013", - "confidence": 0.9575539231300354, - "start": 969, - "end": 970 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9330363869667053, - "start": 920, - "end": 921 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This study aims to set the displacement caused by the\nLRA within the broader context and operating environment for humanitarian actors in Orientale province, and\nto highlight the specific vulnerabilities of the populations\naffected by its violence. It also focuses on the challenges\nin terms of response, particularly in relation to long-term\ndisplacement and prospects for return and local integration. Many perspectives are mentioned in the study\n\n- such as the needs of host communities, and underlying\ngovernance and rule of law issues \u2013 but assessing the\nfull extent of these issues was beyond its scope.\n\n\nData tracking for both displacement and violence is not\nalways consistent across organisations and locations, and\naccess constraints stemming both from insecurity and\nlogistics complicate the situation further. As such, direct\ncomparisons can be difficult, but for the purposes of this\nstudy the focus has been on global trend analysis based\non the multiple data sources available.\n\n\n\nThe study is based on field research undertaken in\nHaut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 district in July 2013. The main site was the\ntown of Dungu, but additional research was carried out\nin Faradje, Aba, Ngilima and connecting areas. Around\n50 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a\nvariety of sources, including IDPs, former LRA abductees,\ncivil society and humanitarian organisations and members of the wider population. Fifteen focus groups with\nIDPs were held, and the study also draws on longer-term\nqualitative research by the lead researcher, and IDMC\u2019s\nongoing work.\n\n\n\nLRA AFFECTED AREAS IN PROVINCE ORIENTALE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInternational boundary\n\n\nProvincial boundary\n\n\nDistrict boundary\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data tracking", - "confidence": 0.9361091256141663, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global trend analysis", - "confidence": 0.6950405836105347, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "semi-structured interviews", - "confidence": 0.5302830934524536, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 district", - "confidence": 0.6680024266242981, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.533214807510376, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7973105311393738, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mari was abducted by the Lord's\nResistance Army, LRA, outside\nNiangara, where she was left for\ndead by them after they cut off her\nlips and her ears. Her children are\nbeing looked after by family close\nby. Photo: Marcus Bleasdale/VII\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\nA Lord\u2019s Resistance Army (LRA)\nsoldier. Photo: Sam Farmar\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ABDUCTION\n\n\nThe LRA has changed tactics in recent years. Since 2011,\nthe number of incidents has dropped by as much as 70 per\ncent (MONUSCO\u2019s Joint Information and Operations Cell,\nJuly 2013), and the coordinated large scale attacks of 2008\nand 2009 have been replaced by looting and short-term\nabductions. The LRA has consistently used abduction as a\nresourcing tool, and the tactic causes trauma and fear similar to that provoked by extreme violence. People are mainly\nabducted to transport loot or identify strategic places such\nas military installations of sources of food. This appears to\nbe motivated both by a struggle to survive \u2013 many rebels\nare simply hungry \u2013 and by a desire to keep a low profile\nin the face of increased international attention.\n\n\nThere was considerable drop in the number attacks in 2012\ncompared with 2011, and the trend appears to be continuing\nin 2013. Reflecting the broader picture, abductions in Orientale province tend to be short-term. Data shows that as\nearly as 2009 around 85 per cent of people spent less than\nseven days in LRA captivity (Oxfam Qu\u00e9bec and UNHCR,\n2010). This does not mean, however, that there have been no\nlong-term abductions. Several cases have been reported,\nparticularly in the early days of the group\u2019s activity in DRC.\n\n\nAbductions have been widely perceived as targeting children, but data from Orientale province shows that between\n2008 and mid-2013 almost twice as many adults were abducted (OCHA, LRA Matrix, July 2013). That said, during\nthe second half of 2008 the LRA specifically targeted\nschools to abduct children (HRW, February 2009). Many\nsuffered extremely traumatic experiences in addition to\nthe abduction itself, particularly during the earlier years of\nLRA violence.\n\n\n\u201cThey first tied the person up, and then\nthey asked me to kill him with a large\nwooden stick. It was a Congolese Zande\nboy. I saw 10 people killed like this, girls\nand boys. Each time they were killed by\nother children who had been abducted.\nThey chose the victims randomly and\nthen would give us the order: \u2018Take your\nbat. Kill this animal\u2019 \u201d\n\n\n[(HRW interview with former abductee, Niangara, Feb-](http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/drc0310webwcover_0.pdf)\nruary 2010).\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.6267115473747253, - "start": 253, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.9758795499801636, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9227193593978882, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5536332130432129, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LRA Matrix", - "confidence": 0.7340139746665955, - "start": 273, - "end": 275 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.6164234280586243, - "start": 271, - "end": 272 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.5908765196800232, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8222684264183044, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7009181976318359, - "start": 260, - "end": 261 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT\n\n\nDisplacement patterns in Orientale province largely mirror the patterns in violence. The first waves of massive\ndisplacement began in September 2008, when the first\nlarge-scale LRA attacks started. After the Christmas\nmassacres of December 2008, more than 55,000 people\nfled their homes. Displacement continued throughout\n2009 and as the number of attacks, killings and abductions increased, the number of IDPs tripled.\n\n\nOngoing attacks on different locations meant displacement became a continuous and dynamic process, with\nmany IDPs displaced three or four times. This has prolonged and increased the vulnerability of both IDPs and\nhost communities. IDPs were forced to abandon their\nalready limited assets in terms of land, shelter and material possessions and restart their economic activities\neach time they fled, putting ever greater stress on host\ncommunity resources. In the words of one humanitarian\nworker in Dungu, IDPs in Orientale province are in a state\nof \u201cpermanent vulnerability\u201d, further increasing their need\nfor humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nThis multiple displacement has several causes. In some\ncases, IDPs\u2019 places of refuge also come under LRA attack.\n\n\n\u201cWhen the LRA started attacking Duru\nin 2008, we fled our homes. We then\nwent to Kpaika, where we stayed for a\nyear, until we were attacked there. We\nthen went to a place 55km away. When\nattacks and harassment started there\nagain in 2012, we left for Dungu. We are\nhere until today\u201d\n(Interview, IDP, Dungu, July 2013)\n\n\nIn other cases, renewed LRA attacks and general insecurity have led to \u201cfailed returns\u201d, in which IDPs who had\ngone back to their places of origin were forced to flee\nagain. Many of those who returned to their homes along\nthe Dungu-Duru axis in February 2009 following the deployment of the Congolese army and the UN peacekeeping mission in DRC (MONUSCO) were forced to flee again\nafter renewed attacks on their villages.\n\n\nWhen the LRA stopped its large-scale attacks around\nmid-2010, large-scale displacement ceased too. It is striking, however, that while the level of violence has clearly\ndecreased, there has been no proportionate drop in the\noverall number of IDPs. Field interviews suggest this is\nprimarily because fear is still prevalent among the populations in the area, which feeds a real reluctance to return.\nFear is heightened by continual trickles of new displacement in response to rumours of LRA\u2019s presence and\n\n\n12\n\n\n\nsmall-scale violence that may or may not be perpetrated\nby the group. The level of fear is such that the sighting of\nother armed groups or even the sound of gunshots have\nled to the displacement of a large groups of people on\nthe basis that it might be LRA. [1]\n\n\nThe extent of the dread that the LRA has instilled is also\nreflected in feelings about Kony himself and does not\nonly cause people to flee, but also prolongs IDPs\u2019 displacement.\n\n\n\u201cMost of us want to go back, but we\ndon\u2019t dare as long as Kony is not arrested, or they have not come out of the\nbush. We don\u2019t want to go through the\nexperience of displacing ourselves again\u201d\n(President of the Displacement Committee, Dungu,\nJuly 2013).\n\n\nThe LRA is the main driver of displacement in Orientale\nprovince, but other groups have also taken advantage\nof the \u201cLRA myth\u201d to prey on the local population. The\nfocus on the LRA is such that it is extremely difficult to\nseparate its violence from that perpetrated by others,\nand this is evident in the reporting of violent incidents,\nthe majority of which refers to \u201cpresumed\u201d LRA violence\n(Titeca, May 2013). It follows that it is equally difficult to\ndistinguish between displacement caused by LRA activity\nand that caused by other violence. This in turn serves to\nperpetuate the perception of an LRA presence, when in\nfact displacement may have been the result of poaching,\nattacks by armed bandits, clashes with armed Mbororo\npastoralists or even, as is often the case, looting and\nharassment by the army.\n\n\nThe presence of the Congolese army has to a certain\nextent served as a deterrent to LRA attacks and as such\nserves a protection purpose, but individual soldiers at\ntimes constitute a significant source of insecurity and\nactually cause displacement.\n\n\n1 This has for example happened with the activities of armed poachers in Faradje.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT\n\n\nDisplacement patterns", - "confidence": 0.8444622755050659, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale province", - "confidence": 0.9793905019760132, - "start": 4, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5922032594680786, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9354121685028076, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting of violent incidents", - "confidence": 0.9542214870452881, - "start": 654, - "end": 658 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Titeca", - "confidence": 0.985198438167572, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Orientale\nprovince", - "confidence": 0.6418009400367737, - "start": 603, - "end": 605 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.922938346862793, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cWe were in [locality 1]. The LRA started attacking us from February 2009\nonwards, up to around April. They killed\naround six civilians, and two soldiers.\nThe soldiers arrived in February 2009.\nWe were not planning on fleeing. But\nthe harassment of the soldiers was too\nmuch. There was too much looting,\nextortion and harassment towards our\nwomen. We moved in February 2010 to\n\n[locality 2]. The soldiers, however, noticed that the population had displaced\nitself, and they also came to [locality 2].\nThe same problem repeated itself there\n... Six women were taken by force by\nthem. There is not much you can do\nabout this. If you try, the soldiers threaten you. We therefore also left\u201d\n(Focus group discussion, IDP site, Dungu, July 2013)\n\n\nThere have also been reports of the army deliberately using violence to displace people, ostensibly in order to corral them and so facilitate protection (interview, religious\nleader, Dungu, July 2013; Oxfam Qu\u00e9bec and UNHCR,\n2010). In another case, the army withdrew from a village\nthey had been protecting, leaving the local population\nvulnerable to LRA attacks. The villagers felt they had no\noption but to leave.\n\n\nThe army has also on occasions prevented people from\nfleeing LRA violence, in part on the basis that they were\neasier to protect in their villages. Locals also felt, however, that it was part of a containment strategy to limit\nthe LRA from spreading into new areas. In June 2009,\nthe local and displaced population tried to flee LRA attacks in Bangadi, but according to IDPs and a number of\nhumanitarian workers, the army \u201csystematically stopped\nthe population from fleeing, and forbade them from doing\nso\u201d (interview, humanitarian worker, Dungu, July 2013).\nAs a result, \u201csome tried to flee through the bush, where\nthey were attacked or captured by the LRA\u201d (Interview\ncivil society representative, Dungu, July 2013). Similar\nincidents have been reported elsewhere [2] .\n\n\nThere have also been cases in which people were displaced by Mbororo pastoralists, nomadic cattle herders\nwho have been present in both Bas and Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 district\nsince 2005 (African Union Peace and Security Council,\nApril 2008). Local people consider them a major nuisance\nand have at times accused them of collaborating with\nthe LRA. The destruction of crops by Mbororo cattle has\n\n2 Such as the displacement sites Linakofo and Bamukandi.\n\n\n\nmade already high levels of food insecurity worse, and\nhas been the main cause of displacement relating to the\nMbororo to date. Some IDPs express fear of the Mbororo\nas well as the LRA.\n\n\n\u201cWe do not only fear the LRA, but also the\nMbororo. In the beginning, the LRA did not\ndo anything. They only started doing this\nlater. We fear that the same might happen\nwith the Mbororo\u201d\n(Interview, IDP, Ngilima, July 2013)\n\n\nIn some cases, such fears have prevented IDPs from\nreturning to their homes.\n\n\nSoldiers, armed bandits and poachers from South Sudan,\nCAR and Libya have also started to engage in what were\nconsidered \u201ctraditional\u201d LRA activities such as abductions, further blurring the distinction between perpetrators and likely feeding popular perception of an LRA\nthreat. Some even disguise themselves as LRA fighters\nin order to avoid the blame for their activities (Oxfam\nQu\u00e9bec and UNHCR, 2010).\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**14**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cThe images of the attacks are on\nendless repeat in my head\u201d\n\n\n\u201cThey had also abducted\nanother person, who they\nexecuted right in front of me.\nThese images keep coming\nback in my head. I am not\ncalm because of this\u201d\n\n\n\u201cWe are no longer quiet in our head\u201d\n\n\n\u201cI think these stories are not yet\nfinished. I\u2019m still frightened\u201d\n\n\nQuotes taken from interviews with IDPs,\nDungu, July 2013.\n\n\nMihidie was shot by the LRA when he\nwas transporting goods on a bike from\nthe market. Photo: Marcus Bleasdale/VII\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A view of the damage after the attacks by the Lord\u2019s Resistance Army (LRA) rebels on the central store at the Nagero\nairstrip, north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. REUTERS/Stephane Carre, 2009.\n\n\n\nLAND AND LIVELIHOODS\n\n\nThe majority of IDPs in Haut and Bas-U\u00e9l\u00e9 districts are\nfrom the Zand\u00e9 ethnic group, who traditionally make\ntheir living from farming, hunting and fishing. This makes\naccess to arable land and hunting and fishing grounds\ncrucial to their livelihoods and economic independence.\n\n\nMost IDPs, however, have fled towards urban areas. Dungu\u2019s population \u2013 estimated in 2008 at around 56,000\npeople - has increased by more than 50 per cent with\nthe influx of around 30,000 IDPs. The local population\ntypically travels to the edge of town, or a few kilometres\naway at most, to access their farmland. There was already\npressure on fertile areas before the arrival of the IDPs,\nand LRA violence and displacement have increased the\npopulation density and the number of people wanting to\nfarm. The violence has also reduced the amount of safely\naccessible land.\n\n\nHost communities and IDPs alike are reluctant to travel\nfar outside urban areas to farm for fear of LRA attacks.\nAs such, land has become a primary source of tension.\nLocal communities suffering from considerable poverty\nthemselves have in many cases severely restricted IDPs\u2019\naccess to land. They also only allow the IDPs to plant\nannual crops that are ready to harvest relatively quickly,\n\n\n16\n\n\n\nrather than perennials such as coffee, banana and manioc\nfrom which IDPs might generate a better income.\n\n\n\u201cWhen you want to plant something for a\nlong time, the locals see it as if you want\nto grab their land\u201d\n(Interview, IDP, July 2013).\n\n\nThe scarcity of fertile land has meant that some IDPs\nhave even been forced off plots allocated to them by\nlocal authorities, particularly if they prove to produce\nhigh yields. Similar stories were heard in which IDPs were\ngiven shelter in their places of refuge, only to find that\nthey were then asked or forced to move on.\n\n\nSome IDPs have access to land within their displacement\nsites, but plots tend to be too small and infertile to meet\ntheir livelihood needs. A few IDPs pay members of the\nhost population for access to land, either in cash or by\nturning over part of their harvest. The plots they receive,\nhowever, can be anything from five to 40km away, increasing the risk of attacks, abductions and killings. Because they are so far away, some IDPs stay and work their\nplots for days or even weeks at a time before returning\nto town, despite the increased fear of attack.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cWe don\u2019t want to live there because we\nare still afraid, and it still is unsafe\u201d\n(Interview, IDP, Dungu, July 2013)\n\n\nMany have turned to daily labour as an alternative, but\nthis comes with its own risks. It tends to be short-term,\npoorly paid and with little recourse to settle disputes with\nemployers who in some cases have failed to pay for work\ndone. IDPs can expect to earn between $0.70 and $2.70\na day as a day-labourer, with women paid less than men,\nand such amounts are not enough to sustain a family.\n\n\nACCESS TO SERVICES\n\n\nLRA-affected areas have historically suffered from underdevelopment. The state has been practically absent\nsince the 1980s, and there is a lack of hospitals, schools,\nhealth centres and water infrastructure. The LRA often\ntargeted the little basic infrastructure that did exist in\nits early attacks. Key professionals were also killed and\nabducted, and others fled the insecurity, significantly\nreducing both human and physical capacity.\n\n\nChurches have played an important role in assisting and\nprotecting local populations. They have also consistently\ndenounced the LRA, even when the government and\nthe army have denied its presence. As a result they have\n\n\n\nbeen directly targeted for attack, as was the case in the\nChristmas massacres.\n\n\nThe influx of IDPs has placed additional pressure on already\nweak infrastructure, and displaced communities generally\nhave more difficulties in accessing education and health\nservices than their hosts. This is primarily because IDPs tend\nto be less able to pay for them. Medical costs are a major\nissue, and many IDPs can simply not afford to go to hospital.\nMalaria treatment for example costs at least $5. Medical\nINGOs initially provided free medical support, but they are\ngradually pulling out now the situation is no longer considered an emergency. Education is another major problem.\nMany IDPs are unable to pay school fees across a whole\nyear, so their children are not able to finish their courses. It is\nestimated that around 50 per cent of displaced school-age\nchildren in Dungu are not in education (interview, UNICEF\nrepresentative, Dungu, July 2013). In some displacement\nsites, only around 20 per cent of children attend school, and\nin one site the figure was just seven per cent.\n\n\nIDPs also cite discrimination in accessing services.\nDisplaced children are more likely to be excluded from\nschools as teachers know the parents have limited financial means and, unlike the local population, little or no access to credit. The same applies to health centres, where\nIDPs are turned away if they are unable to pay up front.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MARGINALISATION AND EXCLUSION\n\n\nMany IDPs and former abductees cite tensions with\nlocal communities as a key concern. For former abductees, this includes stigmatisation and harassment, if not\noutright rejection. They are targets for insults and are\ncalled names such as \u201cLRA\u201d or \u201cson of LRA\u201d.\n\n\nStigmatisation is a particular problem for female abductees who escape from the LRA with children. A number of\nlocals said they were uncomfortable living with children\nborn of rebel fathers when their own family members had\nbeen killed or abducted by LRA fighters. In some cases,\nlocals tried to attack such children (similar findings in\nDiscover the Journey (DTJ) and Harvard Humanitarian\nInitiative (HHI), 2012). Such stigmatisation can provoke\nan aggressive reaction in former abductees.\n\n\nInternational humanitarian organisations have run\nawareness campaigns that have helped to improve the\nsituation, but difficulties remain.\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 problems are broader. In addition to obstacles in\naccessing land and services, they face deliberate discrimination and harassment. Some locals do not allow\nIDPs to collect firewood or fell trees in their area, and in\nsome cases they are even prevented from using water\npumps. IDPs who have sought the intervention of local\nauthorities feel the decisions taken were biased in favour of the local population.\n\n\nThe army and other security forces have also harassed\nIDPs, who are particularly vulnerable to such behaviour\nas military bases were established in the immediate\nvicinity of displacement sites, ostensibly for protection\npurposes. They are also more likely than locals to face\nharassment at military roadblocks, as they tend to have\nto travel further to access land. In 2010, there were 52\nfixed roadblocks and many ad hoc checkpoints in HautU\u00e9l\u00e9 districts, and at each one travellers have to pay\nanything from $0.10 to $2.00, or hand over some of their\nproduce (Oxfam Qu\u00e9bec and UNHCR, 2010).\n\n\nThe distribution of humanitarian aid has on occasion\nprompted competition between IDPs and host populations, creating tensions and contributing to the marginalisation and exclusion of the displaced. A recent shift\nby humanitarian actors to support the most vulnerable\nin both IDP and host communities, and no longer IDPs\nalone, has led some IDPs to see their hosts as attempting to steal their aid. In 2011, a displaced woman and child\nwere attacked at a distribution point in the Uye neighbourhood of Dungu, which led to the death of the child.\nAid distributions in 2011 were at one point suspended in\nDungu following the attack for fear of sparking further\nphysical confrontation.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Such tensions have a major impact on IDPs\u2019 ability to\nplan for the future and regain their independence. The\nfear of renewed LRA attacks and displacement is the\ndominant factor preventing IDPs from returning to their\nplaces of origin, but at the same time they face considerable challenges in re-establishing their livelihoods in\ntheir places of displacement despite, in some cases, many\nyears of trying.\n\n\nSTAY, OR GO HOME?\n\n\nIDPs face difficult choices. Displacement sites offer a\ndegree of security, but living conditions are often harsh. In\ntheir home areas, by contrast, IDPs face the fear of future\nLRA attacks but also the prospect of a more sustainable\nlivelihood. IDPs are left with a choice between access to\nland - and with it food, an income and some degree of\nindependence and dignity \u2013 on the one hand, and security on the other. The longer they remain displaced, the\ngreater the risk that tensions with host communities will\narise. In such circumstances, only a minority have chosen\n\n\n20\n\n\n\nto go back to places where they can access land (IDP,\nDungu, July 2013). The vast majority prefer to stay put.\n\n\nPrevious displacements play a role in IDPs\u2019 decision to\nstay in Dungu. Many were originally displaced during\nthe invasion of Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 district by the Sudan People\u2019s\nLiberation Army (SPLA) in 1998. They fled to Dungu, from\nwhere they were displaced again, this time by the LRA.\nAt this point, most returned to their places of origin, but\nsome decided to stay in Dungu.\n\n\n\u201cIf I had stayed in Dungu in 1998, after we\nwere chased by the SPLA, I would have\nmade some progress by now. If I look at\nthe people who stayed, they have a house\nand some land. And what do I have?\nNothing. I have to start all over again\u201d\n(IDP, Dungu, July 2013)\n\n\nThe shortage or complete lack of public services in their\nhome areas is a further barrier to return. Access to clean\nwater, health services and education play an important\nrole for those who decide to stay in their places of displacement. Even if they are unable to pay for the services,\nthe simple knowledge that they are available is significant.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cHere in town we have the opportunity to\nteach our children, and we have access\nto health services. There is everything that\nyou need if you have some money. Our\nrights are not being violated so much here\u201d\n(IDP, Dungu, July 2013)\n\n\nCHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE\n\n\nIDPs, former abductees and host communities face many\nchallenges to their recovery from the effects of LRA violence and displacement. This is particularly true for IDPs\nfor whom the memory of LRA atrocities and the fear of future attacks prevent many not only from returning home,\nbut also from getting on with their lives in displacement.\n\n\nOne man interviewed at a displacement site no longer\ndared to leave the camp. He had been displaced three\ntimes, twice by LRA attacks and once by the army. His\nwife was killed in one of the attacks, he had no access to\nland and he could no longer hunt, making him completely\ndependent on external assistance. He was abducted for\nfive days just before he arrived at the site. As a result, he\nsaid, he preferred \u201cto sit at home, rather than to go and\nrisk myself by going outside \u2026 Life has been too hard, and\n\n\n\nI can\u2019t handle this any longer\u201d (former abductee, Dungu\nJuly 2013).\n\n\nSuch resignation is consistent with IDMC\u2019s research into\nthe experiences of those repeatedly displaced in other\nparts of DRC. Interviewees cite lower levels of aspiration\nand motivation each time they are forced to flee, not to\nmention decreasing material and financial resources.\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 inability to access land is the factor that most clearly\ndistinguishes them from host communities in terms of\nvulnerabilities, as the latter have better access to land.\nThis helps them in terms of food security and generates\nmuch-needed cash, which in turn allows them to access\nother essential services. If IDPs are to achieve durable\nsolutions, they too need better access to such services,\nwhether they choose to return or integrate locally. An\nimprovement in relations with both local communities\nand local authorities would help to ensure that IDPs were\ntreated on the same basis as the local population.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**22**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mbolikia\u2019s husband was killed by the Lord\u2019s\nResistance Army, LRA, after he was forced\nto be a porter. She was left with six-monthold baby and now lives with her big sister.\nPhoto: Marcus Bleasdale/VII\n\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/299252d2-9aaa-32d4-bd58-bfeb8eac60e2/A%20life%20of%20fear%20and%20flight%20The%20Legacy%20of%20LRA%20Brutality%20in%20North-East%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_22/raw/doc_22_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_22/raw/doc_22_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9641928e4e7805dd728654125302b9153c7fedd4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_22/raw/doc_22_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## DISPLACEMENT DASHBOARD\n###### **Mindanao, Philippines Forced Displacement Annual Report, 2015**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### MINDANAO DISPLACEMENT AT A GLANCE\n\nForced displacement due to various forms of conflict and natural disaster continue to confront\n\n\nmost of the marginalized and vulnerable population in Mindanao. In 2015, a total of 407,397\n\n\npersons have been forced to flee their homes of which around 37,000 persons have been\n\n\nrepeatedly displaced mostly because of armed conflict, clan war, and generalized form of\n\n\nviolence including human rights violations. These conflict-related displacements recorded an\n\n\nincrease of 127% compared to 2014. The largest of which was the Law Enforcement Operation\n\n\nof government forces against the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) which\n\n\ndisplaced more than 148,000 persons in central Mindanao. To date, durable solutions among\n\n\nthese displaced population continue to be a pressing concern especially in an environment\n\n\nwhere peace and order remains to be elusive.\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Central Mindanao** **Island Provinces** **Eastern Mindanao-IPs**\n# ARMED CONFLICT\n##### Related Displacement\n\nNon-international armed conflicts are protracted armed confrontations\noccurring between governmental armed forces and the forces of one or\nmore armed groups, or between such groups arising on the territory of a\nState [party to the Geneva Conventions]. The armed confrontation must\nreach a minimum level of intensity and the parties involved in the conflict\nmust show a minimum of organisation. This category also includes cases\nwhere there is an allegation of an unusual presence of armed groups that\nresults in people seeking safety elsewhere, as well as where arbitrary\ndetentions, disappearances or raids are initiated by a recognized armed\ngroup that targets civilian community.\n\n\n_(\u2018How is the Term \"Armed Conflict\" Defined in International Humanitarian Law?\u2019_\n_International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC Opinion Paper, March 2008)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Armed Conflict Displacement: Central Mindanao**\n\n\n\ntime of the publication of this document, these issues remain\n\na concern for populations repeatedly displaced by this\n\nconflict.\n\n\nThe Mamasapano incident had negative repercussions on\n\nthe deliberation of the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law\n\n(BBL) in the Congress and Senate hearings, while non-state\n\narmed actors also took advantage of the precarious state of\n\nthe peace process to continue attacks on government and\n\nmilitary targets throughout the year.\n\n\nThe BIFF harassment of military detachments in the towns of\n\nDatu Saudi Ampatuan (Barangay Salbo), Datu Salibo\n\n(Barangay Pagatin), Mamasapano, and Shariff Aguak\n\n(SPMS box) in Maguindanao during the height of the LEOs\n\ncontinued unabated. BIFF attacks on civilian communities in\n\nMILF-stronghold areas in North Cotabato and Maguindanao\n\nprovinces, and in communities with identified internal conflict\n\nwith other BIFF member, further confounded the complex\n\nsecurity situation in the area.\n\n\nEarly November, the BIFF tried but failed to overrun a\n\nmilitary detachment displacing 30 families (estimated 150\n\n###### **MINDANAO PEACE PROCESS**\n\n\n\npersons) in the municipality of Shariff Aguak. On Christmas\n\nEve, the BIFF launched synchronized attacks on military\n\ndetachments, which resulted in 232 families (estimated\n\n1,039 persons) being displaced from their homes in\n\nPigkawayan municipality in North Cotabato province.\n\n\nOverall, during the last quarter of the year, incidents\n\ndocumented by Protection Cluster members resulted in the\n\ndisplacement of 260 families (estimated 1,189 persons) in\n\ncentral Mindanao.\n\n\nA new armed-group called the Ansar Khilafah Philippines\n\n(AKP), claiming to support the Islamic State of Iraq and\n\nSyria (ISIS), emerged in Palimbang municipality of Sultan\n\nKudarat province causing fear amongst communities in the\n\narea. The group\u2019s activities were thwarted in a pursuit\n\noperation conducted by the Philippine Marines, which\n\nresulted in the displacement of 50 families (estimated 250\n\npersons) in late November. This group, and other small\n\nradical groups, contributes to the displacement of civilian\n\npopulations in areas where there are unresolved conflicts\n\nbetween the MILF, the Moro National Liberation Front\n\n(MNLF) and government forces.\n\n\n\nThe year concluded with no significant progress made in the Protection Cluster partners advocate for the pursuit of\n\npassage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL), which would peace in Mindanao as it is the primary condition for all the\n\nhave laid down the foundation of an autonomous political population of Mindanao - particularly those most\n\nentity, the Bangsamoro, thus paving the way to lasting peace marginalized and under threat - to see their human rights\n\nwith the MILF. In the absence of a law instituting the new fulfilled and for the displaced to find a durable solution to\n\nBangsamoro entity, armed groups are likely to continue their plight.\n\n\nengaging the AFP with ensuing LEOs and subsequent\n\n\ndisplacement.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "yet to materialize in spite of years of an ongoing peace process. For the taking advantage of the cool afternoon breeze under a mango tree. Their\npeople who live here, fear and displacement have been unwanted features welcoming smiles betray the years of witnessing constant gunfights and\nof everyday life for generations. mortar shelling and their repeated displacement since they were teenagers.\n\n\u201cWe have grown tired of this game of hide-and-seek,\u201d said Guibanea Lasam, \u201cWe are a very lucky lot. All the years of loud explosions coming from guns\na mother of 7 camped out in a madrasah just a few kilometers from where a and battle tanks have rendered us deaf,\u201d laughed a 75-year old Kolot Mama\nmis-encounter between government security forces and the armed groups, from the neighboring town of Shariff Aguak. \u201cAt least we won\u2019t easily die of\nthe Mindanao Islamic Liberation Force (MILF) and the Bangsamoro Islamic shock or pass out,\u201d chorused the group.\nFreedom Fighters (BIFF) took place on 25 January this year. The incident\njeopardized a three-year ceasefire and led to events that caused thousands Amid the laughter shared by these women are stories of loss, suffering and\nof civilians to flee their homes in its aftermath. families torn apart by the decades-long conflict. Their husbands had either\n\njoined the ranks of militant groups or perished in the fighting. Their children\n\nConsidered as one of the world\u2019s longest running insurgencies, the armed have grown up not completing school and joined the long list of the unemclashes between the state forces and Moros seeking some form of ployed poor.\nindependence in the central region of Mindanao have been ongoing for 4\ndecades now and has over the years generated hundreds of thousands of \u201cWe don\u2019t need anyone guarding us in our communities. We are not scared\ninternally displaced people who are usually left fending for themselves in of going home. In fact, we have not unpacked our things as we thought they\ncongested and unplanned informal settlements such as Mahad Libutan. would allow us to return today. But then we wait for another day, and then\nMany families are displaced multiple times during the same year. another day goes by and then nothing. We\u2019ve just grown weary of moving\n\nbetween places,\u201d said Kolot.\n\n\u201cIn peaceful mornings we sneak into our home village so we could harvest\nour crops and we retreat back in the evacuation center when darkness falls,\u201d Elder people have also expressed their concern over the presence of the\nsaid Guibanea recounting the usual order of things every time clashes break Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in their communities. They say that\nout in the area. The fighting has now spread to neighboring villages causing the establishment of military posts in villages has limited their ability to move\nother civilians to flee fearing arrest for being suspected of being in alliance freely around without fearing for their safety.\nwith the BIFF or getting caught in crossfire and mortar shelling.\n\n\u201cIf I were to count the number of steps I took from all the running all these\n\nSince leaving their homes, people are desperate to return to their years, I think I have already explored the whole archipelago,\u201d said Kolot. \u201cIt\ncommunities so they could resume their livelihoods as living conditions in would have been better if I was running for a cause. People are fleeing from\nthe evacuation centers are becoming dire and relief assistance limited or a false idea of peace, that peace can be achieved by fighting is something I\nnon-existent. will never understand. I am at the twilight of my life and I may never see\n\npeace in this lifetime,\u201d she added. **END**\n\n\u201cWe want to go home. The assistance provided is not enough and\nsometimes we don\u2019t even receive food packs,\u201d said Guibanea. \u201cThe last time _By Keneath John Bolisay and Joel Andersson, UNHCR Philippines_\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Armed Conflict Displacement: Zamboanga City**\n\n\n\nMore than two years after fighting erupted between the AFP\n\nand a faction of the MNLF in Zamboanga City, driving\n\n120,000 persons to flee from the mainly Moro communities,\n\n4,117 families (estimated 23,938 persons) are still in need of\n\na durable solution. While progress is gradually being made\n\n\n\nImprovements are needed for these transitory sites and\n\npermanent shelter sites where access to basic services such\n\nas adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities,\n\nelectricity, security, and access road (i.e. Kasanyangan) are\n\noutstanding concerns. Local authorities are working to\n\n\n\nthrough the Zamboanga Roadmap to Recovery and address these issues, but the completion of these facilities is\n\n\n\nReconstruction (Z3R) Plan led by the city authorities, serious\n\n\n\nexpected to take up to two years.\n\n\n\nprotection concerns still exist for those IDPs living in\n\ninadequate relocation sites identified and supported by Although the cluster system has transitioned to an early\n\n\n\ninternational organizations.\n\n\nAs of December 2015, out of the targeted 6,500 permanent\n\nhousing units to be constructed, only 2,338 (36%) have been\n\nbuilt. Of this figure, 869 (13%) were awarded to beneficiaries.\n\n\n\nrecovery coordination structure in June, Protection Cluster\n\nactors continue to provide technical support to all the sector\nleads with their main advocacy concerns focused on\n\nensuring permanent shelter is constructed for all IDPs in\n\nareas where they can obtain basic services and immediately\n\n\n\nThe slow pace of the rehabilitation efforts particularly on access their livelihoods, health care and education.\n\n\n\npermanent housing construction is attributed to the lengthy\n\nprocess of expropriating lands for access road, installation of\n\nbasic utilities, and the objective selection and inclusion of the\n\nmost vulnerable, landless displaced population.\n\n\n\n\n**> page 9**\n\n\n**For more than two years now, durable solutions for**\n**displaced population remain to be a major challenge.**\n**These IDPs in Mampang Transitory Site continue to**\n**endure their situation while waiting for their return or**\n**relocation.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "picture of the plight of indigenous communities in Mindanao\n\ndue to the complex security situation involving the AFP, the\n\nrebel group New Peoples\u2019 Army (NPA), and para-military\n\ngroups. Compared to an annual average of 400 displaced IP\n\nfamilies (estimated 2,000 persons) from the two previous\n\nyears, 2015 posted a much higher number of 3,198 families\n\n\nparamilitary groups, including targeted killings and forced\n\ndisplacement occurred almost each month if not more.\n\n\nPolicing operations undertaken by state security forces and\n\nretaliatory attacks from non-state armed actors within and\n\naround IP communities in Mindanao have caused fear and\n\ninsecurity. Of the 28 incidents recorded in Regions IX\n\n(Zamboanga), X (Northern Mindanao), XI (Davao), XII\n\n\n\n(SOCCSKSARGEN), and XIII (Caraga), 24 of these incidents\n\nhave caused the displacement and human rights violations of\n\n3,154 families of IP descent (estimated 15,417 persons)\n\nwhile 742 families (estimated 3,015 persons) fled from AFP\n\nand NPA armed encounters. These incidents include\n\n\n\n**for the killing of their tribal leaders.**\n\n\n\nreported attacks and killings of IP leaders and activists,\n\nforced recruitment into various armed groups, extra-judicial\n\nkillings, and reported arbitrary arrests from March to October\n\n2015.\n\n\n\nCommission on the Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) and the\n\nimplementation of its mandate enshrined in the Indigenous\n\nPeoples Act of 1997 (IPRA Law).\n\n\nProtection actors, local authorities and international\n\n\n\norganizations have increased their calls for more protection\n\nHuman rights groups and volunteers have identified the\n\nof the IP population. The UN Special Rapporteur for the\n\nfollowing issues affecting IPs that trigger forced\n\nHuman Rights of IDPs, Chaloka Beyani, visited the UCCP\n\ndisplacement: (1) economic interests of national and\n\ncompound in Davao City last July, which was then sheltering\n\nmulti-national companies (agro-industrial and mining),\n\n\n\nincluding influential local landlords and businessmen seeking\n\naccess to the mineral-rich soil of IP\u2019s ancestral lands; (2)\n\n\n\n700 IPs from Talaingod and Kapalong villages. Dr Beyani\n\nhighlighted the lack of focus on this most vulnerable\n\n\n\npopulation, the indigenous peoples, who are potential victims\n\nextra-judicial killings (EJKs) which cause conflict,\n\n\n\ndisplacement, and divides amongst IP groups; (3) difficulty in\n\nobtaining\n\nCertificate of Ancestral Domain Titles due to overlapping\n\n\n\nof government involved extraction and business projects [2] .\n\nLikewise, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of\n\nIndigenous Peoples, Victoria Tauli - Corpuz, released a\n\n\n\nstatement in September urging the Philippine government to\n\nlaws that complicate land claims of IPs. The lack of\n\n\n\nprotection of these ancestral rights forces IPs off their land\n\noften because of conflict. (4) IP representatives and CHR\n\n\n\nlaunch an investigation to the spate of human rights\n\nviolations committed against IPs in Mindanao [3] .\n\n\n\nofficers have also raised concerns on the capacity and\n\n\n\neffectiveness of the protection provided by the National\n\n\n[2http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16280&LangID=E](http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16280&LangID=E)\n\n\n[3http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16481&LangID=E](http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16481&LangID=E)\n\n\n\nAs of December 2015, approximately 8,090 IPs remain\n\ndisplaced not able to return to their communities of origin\n\nbecause of security concerns.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# CLAN FEUD\n##### Related Displacement\n\nA type of violent conflict variously referred to as feuding, revenge\nkillings, blood revenge, vendetta, inter-tribal warfare and clan conflicts. Characterized by sporadic outbursts of retaliatory violence\nbetween families and kinship groups as well as communities this\nphenomenon frequently occurs in areas where government or a\ncentral authority is weak and in areas where there is a perceived\nlack of justice and security.\n\n\n( _Torres, Wilfredo M (ed). \u2018Rido: Clan Feuding and Conflict Management in_\n_Mindanao.\u2019 The Asia Foundation, 2007_ )\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Clan Feud - Related Displacement**\n\n\n\nCompeting land claims, political differences, and division\n\n\ncontributed to 8 percent of recorded displacement in 2015.\n\n\nOf the 31 security incidents monitored, 18 of these have\n\n\nbeen reported to cause the displacement of 7,759 families\n\n\n(estimated 41,038 persons) in Central Mindanao, the island\n\n\nprovinces and mainland provinces of ARMM, and a\n\n\ncontiguous area of the ARMM.\n\n\nThe enduring land disputes in North Cotabato and border\n\n\n\nLanao del Norte province has flared up twice in the year,\n\n\nresulting in a firefight and triggering the displacement of\n\n\n2,145 families (estimated 11,429 persons) from eight (8)\n\n\nbarangays and reportedly injured four persons. As of\n\n\nreporting time, tension remains high in the area with the\n\n\nelection period approaching.\n\n\nIn April, the displacement of more than 400 families\n\n\n(approximately 1,800 persons) in Wao in Lanao del Sur was\n\n\n\nareas in Sultan Kudarat and Maguindanao provinces prompted by an attack that killed four (4) and wounded seven\n\n\n\ncontinue to trigger high levels of violence and forced (7) persons in a Moro community. Tensions and division\n\n\n\ndisplacement among its Moro (Maguindanaon), Christian\n\n\n(Ilonggo) settlers and in other parts, indigenous peoples\n\n\n(Manobos and Tedurays).\n\n\nFighting over the control of strategic patches of lands in the\n\n\n\nbetween the Moro community and Christian settlers are\n\n\ngrowing despite efforts by the AFP, ARMM authorities and\n\n\nMILF leaders to calm the situation. A Christian organization\n\n\nhas called for Wao to be excluded from the proposed\n\n\nBangsamoro Autonomous Region.\n\n\n\narea, which is a productive 40-hectare agricultural zone,\n\n\n\nlocated along the tri-boundary of Columbio, Datu Paglas and\n\n\nTulunan municipalities in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao and\n\n\nNorth Cotabato provinces respectively, has resulted in the\n\n\ncombined and repetitive displacement of 2,597 families\n\n\n\nIn Sulu, a political rivalry in the municipality of Old Panamao\n\n\ncaused the displacement of 500 families (estimated 2,500\n\n\npersons) in mid-April.\n\n\n\n(estimated 12,539 persons) as of end of 2015. Nine (9) In the island provinces, two incidents of clan feud in the\n\n\n\ncivilians killed were killed as a result of armed encounter.\n\n\nAccording to local residents, despite efforts from the local\n\n\nauthorities to settle the land conflict over the years, armed\n\n\n\nmunicipality of Al Barka in Basilan province erupted in\n\n\nOctober and November, resulting in the combined\n\n\n\nprovinces.\n\n\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[4http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/01/21/1544911/7-abu-sayyaf-members-surrender-basilan](http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/01/21/1544911/7-abu-sayyaf-members-surrender-basilan)\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# NATURAL DISASTER\n##### Related Displacement\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Manila\n\n\n6/F GC Corporate Plaza (JAKA 2 Building)\n\n150 Legaspi Street\n\nLegaspi Village, 1226 Makati City, Manila\n\nTelephone: +63 (02) 403-2336\n\nWebsite: www.unhcr.ph\n\n\nUNHCR Cotabato\n\n\n26 Ilang-Ilang Street corner Rosales Street\n\nRosales Heights 6, 9600 Cotabato City\n\nTelephone: +63 (064) 421-7940\n\nWebsite: www.unhcr.ph\n\nEmail: phicoprc@unhcr.org\n\n\n**DISCLAIMER**\n\n\nThe Annual Mindanao Displacement Dashboard\naims to provide a starting point for information and\nanalysis that can help protection agencies, policy\nmakers and other stakeholders concerning instances\nof forced displacement or solutions (repatriation,\nresettlement, integration). The number of people\ndisplaced / affected may differ from the number in\nneed of humanitarian assistance. To the extent\npossible, the terminology used in the Dashboard\nreflects the _UN Guiding Principles on Internal_\n_Displacement_ and other sources of international law\nand practice. The information reported in the Annual\nMindanao Displacement Dashboard has been\nreceived from members of the Protection Cluster\nacross Mindanao. Consequently, unreported cases\nof forced displacement and solutions are not\nreflected. Updates will be provided as and when\nmore information is received from members.\nAlthough efforts are made to verify the data, the\nUNHCR Mindanao, Philippines takes no\nresponsibility for the incompleteness or inaccuracy of\nthe information. The information provided in this\nAnnual Mindanao Displacement Dashboard does not\nnecessarily reflect the views of UNHCR or any\nindividual member of the Protection Cluster.\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR Philippines / E. Monato\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual Mindanao Displacement Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9735530018806458, - "start": 70, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mindanao", - "confidence": 0.8954116106033325, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people\ndisplaced / affected", - "confidence": 0.68297278881073, - "start": 113, - "end": 117 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual\nMindanao Displacement Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9995449185371399, - "start": 161, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "E. Monato", - "confidence": 0.6727359294891357, - "start": 260, - "end": 263 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mindanao", - "confidence": 0.6003423929214478, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/857c425c-5a55-3e2c-9a5b-88faadda5e3c/2015_mindanao_displacement_dashboard_annual_report_lr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_220/raw/doc_220_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_220/raw/doc_220_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 45bf36c3a1d92ab5df39c3095db99ddb6cc31aab..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_220/raw/doc_220_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES**\n**EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS UNIT &**\n**DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION**\n\n# UNHCR and internally displaced persons in Angola _A programme_ _continuation review_\n\n\nBy Guillermo Bettocchi, DIP\nand Arafat Jamal, EPAU\n\n\n\nEPAU/2002/03\n\nMay 2002\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) is committed to the\nsystematic examination and assessment of UNHCR policies, programmes, projects\nand practices. EPAU also promotes rigorous research on issues related to the work\nof UNHCR and encourages an active exchange of ideas and information between\nhumanitarian practitioners, policymakers and the research community. All of these\nactivities are undertaken with the purpose of strengthening UNHCR\u2019s operational\neffectiveness, thereby enhancing the organization\u2019s capacity to fulfil its mandate on\nbehalf of refugees and other displaced people. The work of the unit is guided by the\nprinciples of transparency, independence, consultation and relevance.\n\n\nEvaluation and Policy Analysis Unit\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\nCase Postale 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2 D\u00e9p\u00f4t\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\nTel: (41 22) 739 8249\nFax: (41 22) 739 7344\n\n\ne-mail: hqep00@unhcr.ch\n\n\ninternet: www.unhcr.ch\n\nAll EPAU evaluation reports are placed in the public domain. Electronic versions are posted\non the UNHCR website and hard copies can be obtained by contacting EPAU. They may be\nquoted, cited and copied, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in\nEPAU publications are not necessarily those of UNHCR. The designations and maps used\ndo not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the part of UNHCR concerning\nthe legal status of a territory or of its authorities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EPAU evaluation reports", - "confidence": 0.9652478694915771, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "territory", - "confidence": 0.6013568639755249, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Background: UNHCR and Angola\u2019s IDPs**\n\n\n1. Although, with some 3.1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), Angola\nhas one of the largest IDP populations in the world, UNHCR\u2019s operations with IDPs\nthere are relatively recent. Previous operations in Angola had focused on refugees [1 ]\nand on preparations for an anticipated repatriation. In 2000, emanating from\npublicity regarding UNHCR and Angolan IDPs and pursuant to requests from both\nthe government and the Security Council, UNHCR embarked on a geographically\nlimited and time-bounded intervention on behalf of IDPs in Angola. The original\ngoals of that operation were to:\n\n\n- address immediate and acute protection and assistance needs of the IDP\npopulation in the provinces of Uige, Zaire and Luanda; and,\n\n\n- follow the emergency response with carefully designed protection and assistance\nactivities to promote some degree of self-reliance among the beneficiary\npopulation. The purpose was to build local coping mechanisms so that the\ncommunities would not slip back into a crisis situation when UNHCR phases\nout.\n\n\n2. These activities have been implemented in the context of a tight inter-agency\nstructure.\n\n\n**Mission objectives**\n\n\n3. With the deadline for UNHCR\u2019s continued involvement with internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) in Angola fast approaching (31 December 2001), the\nRegional Directorate for Southern Africa requested that a joint Department of\nInternational Protection (DIP) and Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) team\nreview the operation. The review was intended to assess the effectiveness of the\nprogramme to date, examine the consequences of an eventual UNHCR withdrawal\nor, if pertinent, explore the parameters of any possible future UNHCR involvement\nwith IDPs in Angola. More specifically, the review was tasked with making a\nrecommendation on one of the following possible actions for 2002:\n\n\n- terminate the IDP programme as planned on 31 December 2001;\n\n- extend the present programme until end March 2002 using available carryover\nfunding;\n\n- establish a new IDP programme for 2002 focused on protection of IDPs using the\ncarryover from the 2001 programme and appealing for new funding during 2002.\n\n\n4. The review was undertaken by Guillermo Bettocchi, Special Advisor, DIP,\nand Arafat Jamal, Operational Policy Officer, EPAU. In addition to ensuring that\nboth protection and evaluation perspectives were incorporated, both mission\nmembers had undertaken previous missions to Angola, and were well acquainted\nwith the programme. The mission travelled to the region and met with UNHCR,\n\n\n1 UNHCR Angola continues to run a refugee programme for some 13,000 refugees and\nasylum-seekers.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\nUN, government and NGO staff, donors and IDPs, in Luanda, Uige and Mbanza\nKongo, and debriefed the Regional Directorate in Pretoria (31 October \u2013 12\nNovember 2001).\n\n\n5. UNHCR\u2019s involvement with IDPs in Angola has been the subject of a\nnumber of evaluative studies, and the present review builds upon them. A UNHCR\nrapid appraisal undertaken in early 2000 recommended that \u2018UNHCR intervene\nimmediately to assist IDPs and refugee returnees in the Zaire, Uige and Luanda\nprovinces. [\u20192] In June 2000, a DIP mission recommended, _inter alia_, that UNHCR\ndevelop concrete protection activities, ensure that international protection standards\nare adhered to, establish a systematic protection reporting system and identify areas\nwhere policy guidance and training might be needed. [3]\n\n\n6. In November 2000, a real-time assessment recommended that the IDP\nprogramme continue until end 2001, and that UNHCR bolster its protection function\nand commit itself to guaranteeing a stable staffing situation and an adequate\nfinancial one. [4] A mission of the senior IDP network in March 2001 recommended the\nUN agencies to support the establishment of the Provincial Committees for the\nProtection of IDPs, which had been included as part of the UN strategy at UNHCR\u2019s\ninitiative.\n\n\n7. The present report has been prepared with the intention to facilitate\ndecision-making by senior management and the Operational Review Board (ORB).\nEarlier versions of the report were presented and discussed with the UNHCR offices\nin Luanda and Pretoria, and comments from these sessions were incorporated. The\nreport was then presented to the High Commissioner and other senior managers at a\nmeeting held in Geneva on 22 November 2001. It was also used to assist the ORB in\nit deliberations on the issue (14 December 2001).\n\n\n**Recommendation**\n\n\n - Based on its findings and on the assessment of the current state of the\nUN programme with IDPs in Angola, the DIP/EPAU assessment\nteam recommends that the UNHCR Angola IDP operation be\ncontinued at least through 2003.\n\n\n8. The mission\u2019s decision to recommend a UNHCR programme continuation is\nbased on the criteria for IDP involvement, the momentum that already exists, the\nimpact of UNHCR activities to date, and the potential for the Angola experience to\nserve as a model for future IDP involvement.\n\n\n2 \u2018Report of the UNHCR rapid assessment team to Angola (Luanda, Zaire and Uige provinces,\n8-20 April 2000)\u2019\n\n3 I Khan, \u2018Mission report on Angola (24-29 June 2000)\u2019.\n4 \u2018Angola 2000: A real-time assessment of UNHCR\u2019s IDP intervention\u2019 (EPAU/UNHCR,\nGeneva, 15 November 2000). Both this review and an expanded joint review co-written with\n[Danida are accessible at www.unhcr.ch.](http://www.unhcr.ch/)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\n**Criteria**\n\n\n9. UNHCR\u2019s involvement with IDPs in Angola largely meets the IDP criteria,\nas elaborated in the Policy Paper of March 2000, the High Commissioner\u2019s Oslo notes\nand the recently issued Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of UNHCR\u2019s\nPolicy on IDPs. In particular, UNHCR was invited to become involved by both the\nUnited Nations and the Angolan government (which is willing to reiterate its\ninvitation), there is a clear link with refugees as the areas chosen for operations \u2013\nUige, Mbanza Kongo and, potentially, Moxico \u2013 are areas of refugee return, and\nmany returnees become IDPs upon repatriation.\n\n\n10. The extension of the IDP operation is also expected to act as a stabilizing\nfactor that may positively influence individual refugees\u2019 decisions to repatriate and\nwould assist in the creation of conducive conditions for an eventual massive return,\nonce peace is attained. Furthermore, funding for the programme does not appear to\nbe an obstacle.\n\n\n11. In 2000, the real-time assessment recommended that the programme\ncontinue because of the momentum that had been attained and the negative\nconsequences of withdrawing after having made a visible entr\u00e9e in the IDP sector,\nbecause of the definite and positive impact that UNHCR programmes had already\nmade for thousands of needy persons, and in view of the staffing and other\ninfrastructures that were already in place for the refugee operation. In 2001, both\nreasons not only remain, but have become even more compelling.\n\n\n**Momentum**\n\n\n12. In terms of momentum **,** it has been strikingly apparent from a series of\ninterviews with governmental, UN, non-governmental, ICRC and IDP\nrepresentatives that UNHCR occupies a solid humanitarian niche in Angola, and that\na withdrawal from the IDP programme at this point would drastically harm its\nreputation and entail a serious loss in credibility for UNHCR. It is important to\nunderline this point. One year ago, at the time of the real-time assessment,\nUNHCR\u2019s rapid and high-profile commencement of operations was viewed with\nscepticism and underlying hostility by a number of UN and non-governmental\nplayers.\n\n\n13. At the time of this review, a dramatic attitudinal change had occurred.\nNearly all actors interviewed, including some who had been inimical to UNHCR\npreviously, emphasized the critical protection role being played by UNHCR,\nespecially in the design and implementation of the UN protection strategy for IDPs,\nand warned of the dangers of a precipitate withdrawal.\n\n\n14. Momentum also includes the fact that UNHCR has, and will continue to\nhave, a presence in Angola to deal with refugees and returnees. Thus many fixed\ncosts are already accounted for, and need only reinforcement to accommodate the\nIDP programme. Being there, and not participating in the UN efforts to address the\nplight of millions of victims of one of the worst humanitarian crises, would indeed be\ndifficult to explain.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\n**Impact**\n\n\n15. UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities continued to make an impact\non the protection situation of thousands of beneficiaries. The material assistance\nactivities are certainly easier to assess than the impact of protection activities. In\nUige and Negage, for example, UNHCR has constructed some 180 houses for IDPs.\nWhile this would appear to have benefited a mere one per cent of the total IDP\npopulation in those areas, interviews with non-assisted IDPs strongly indicated that,\nin fact, the IDPs who benefited were indeed the most vulnerable and needy. Other\nUNHCR assistance activities include the protection and rehabilitation of some 23\nwater points, which have made an enormous difference in the city.\n\n\n16. The impact of protection activities is intuitively and anecdotally apparent,\nbut more difficult to measure. The most significant joint UN protection achievement\nto date has been in drafting and lobbying for the legal enactment of the \u2018Norms on\nthe resettlement of the internally displaced populations\u2019. [5] UNHCR played a key role\nin the drafting of this document. The government has also formally agreed to the\nestablishment of the Provincial Protection Committees and is gradually enacting the\nnecessary legal norms.\n\n\n17. UNHCR has also played an important role in training and capacitating\ngovernment officials (including the military and the police), UN and other partners.\nThese activities have foster a better understanding and has contributed to the work\ntowards meeting protection objectives.\n\n\n18. A significant effect has been the strengthening of the local capacity to\naddress the problems faced by the internally displaced populations, particularly\nthose related to the protection of their basic rights.\n\n\n**Programme quality**\n\n\n19. Finally, a fourth argument in favour of UNHCR remaining in Angola\nrevolves around the quality of the programme being undertaken, and its potential to\nserve as a model for future IDP protection interventions.\n\n\n20. UNHCR has broken new ground in Angola, and should continue to apply\nand develop its innovative strategies. UNHCR will continue to have a circumscribed\nrole in select IDP situations in the near future. Future and current operations may\nwell be able to profit from lessons learned in the Angola experience.\n\n\n**A plan for 2002-2003**\n\n\n21. BO Luanda has prepared a document entitled \u2018Strategy for operationalizing\nprotection for internally displaced persons in Angola\u2019 (Annex 1). The strategy\nsuggests that, working within an inter-agency protection framework, UNHCR\nshould focus on the following areas: monitoring; civil registration for IDPs;\nenhanced response capacity; protection support for other actors; provincial level\ncapacity building; and advocacy.\n\n\n5 Council of Ministers decree number 1/01, 5 January 2001.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\n22. The mission broadly endorses this strategy, with two main caveats. First,\nthe mission feels that in order to make a sustainable difference to protection response\ncapacities in Angola, UNHCR must continue this programme at least until the end of\n2003, and not 2002. Second, while the mission agrees that UNHCR\u2019s strength and\nadded value lies in its protection expertise and role, it nonetheless recommends that\nUNHCR retain a material assistance capacity that may be activated on a adaptable\nbasis and in order to cement protection objectives.\n\n\n23. The responsibility for working out the details of future programmes rests\nwith BO Luanda. This section provides some broad suggestions on programme\norientation and implementation.\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s protection role**\n\n\n24. BO Luanda has already defined a specific protection role for UNHCR vis-\u00e0vis Angolan IDPs. The overall goal of this participation is stated as being to\n\u2018facilitate the establishment of sustainable IDP protection mechanisms by the\ngovernment, civil society and humanitarian actors, with the framework of the UN\ncoordinated intervention.\u2019 The mission endorses this goal. The following\nparagraphs cite the four objectives intended to feed into this goal, and highlight areas\nof opportunity and constraint:\n\n\nA. to facilitate the operationalization of the common IDP protection strategic\nframework by the provision of technical expertise to the UN Country Team.\n\n\nThis has been a major UNHCR activity to date, and one that has met with\nnear unanimous approbation. While other agencies, such as OCHA, currently\nhave more physical capacity than UNHCR, it is recognized that UNHCR is a\ncustodian of protection expertise and knowledge, and should be turned to\naccordingly.\n\n\nB. to strengthen the monitoring of the protection situation in the provinces.\n\n\nSee also staffing. There is a perceived vacuum of information related to forced\ninternal and external displacement in areas where there is no UN presence.\nUNHCR is currently present on a permanent basis in Uige and Luanda. With\na mobile protection officer system in place, it is proposed to expand periodic\ncoverage to include provinces of potential return, such as Moxico. Beyond\nactual presence, UNHCR, in conjunction with OCHA, should build up a\nnetwork of local protection contacts.\n\n\nC. to continue building up the provincial local capacity of the IDP communities,\ncivil society, humanitarian and governmental actors to address the protection\nneeds at ground level.\n\n\nCore to the UN protection strategy, capacity-building in this context involves\nextensive training, as well as some assistance in terms of repairing office\nstructures and equipping such offices. Community activities involve\nsensitizing IDPs to their rights. Human rights may be universal, but they\nneed to be explained. Current activities in this regard, in particular radio\nprogrammes, have enabled IDPs to understand that they have rights, and that\nthere are means of gaining redress when they are violated.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\nD. to re-establish the legal identity of the IDP and returnee populations.\n\n\nThe lack of identification poses a direct protection problem for IDPs. Being\nby definition from other areas, they are not necessarily known in their places\nof refuge, and are thus liable to be apprehended by security forces on\nsuspicion of being UNITA sympathizers. Most IDP and government\nrespondents interviewed strongly suggested that the possession of a proper\nidentification document by the IDPs would help avoid such harassment. The\npossession of such a document also serves as a gateway for persons to enjoy a\nwider spectrum of rights, including access to employment and security of\nland tenure.\n\n\n25. It is beyond the ambit of this mission to delve into the details of an extensive\nUNHCR involvement in this issue. However, given its importance, UNHCR should\ngive it serious consideration.\n\n\n**Material assistance to cement protection objectives**\n\n\n26. To the above objectives, the mission would add one on material assistance.\nIt is recognized that UNHCR\u2019s strength lies in its protection expertise. Nonetheless,\nto relinquish material assistance altogether would be to lose a powerful tool, and a\nfast-track means of attaining certain protection objectives. It is a truism that\nassistance can equal protection, and that the ability to provide assistance provides\nclout.\n\n\n27. Nonetheless, it would be a mistake for UNHCR to take on a blanket\nassistance function, even if this were on a limited geographical or sectoral basis.\nRather, UNHCR must use assistance as a means of cementing protection objectives.\nIt should be used sparingly, where there are unfillable gaps, and where the absence\nof assistance would prevent objectives from being achieved, or would even undo\nthem.\n\n\n28. A detailed plan for material assistance activities will have to be elaborated\nby BO Luanda based on an examination of past activities and gaps. The following\nare some examples of how assistance might be used to anchor protection objectives.\n\n\n29. _Resettlement_ : The norms on resettlement state that there should be sufficient\nwater available in new sites (Art. 9). If a group of families were ready to be resettled,\nand had other assistance parameters taken care of, UNHCR might be able to play a\nneeded role by stepping in and digging a few water points, thus enabling the transfer\nto take place, and to stick. A similar case could be made for shelter \u2013 in Uige, for\nexample, WFP is constructing shelters, but for a number of reasons cannot supply\nroofing. UNHCR might consider intervening in such a case.\n\n\n30. _Emergency assistance_ : Although most IDPs in Angola are caught in a\n\u2018structural\u2019 rather than an acute emergency, there are small pockets of IDPs who\nsometimes turn up in a dire state. In areas where other agencies are unable to react,\nUNHCR should maintain some emergency stocks to provide to such people during\nthe emergency phase.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\n31. _Rehabilitation of structures_ : If provincial or community halls are required for\ntraining purposes, UNHCR should have a budget to engage in modest rehabilitation\nactivities.\n\n\n**Staffing**\n\n\n32. A protection-oriented programme is one that relies heavily on building\nrelationships with other actors and consolidating them over a period of time.\nStability of personnel is essential to guarantee continuity, make the most efficient use\nof resources and to maintain credibility in the country. This last point has been a\nparticular weakness of the operation. Despite a recognition by the country office of\nthe importance of this issue, and in spite of a strong recommendation in the 2000\nreal-time assessment to ensure staff stability [6], UNHCR staff have come and gone,\n\u2018like trains passing by in front of your eyes\u2019 [7], to the detriment of the Office\u2019s\ncredibility.\n\n\n33. The fact that there is already an office structure in place to deal with\nrefugees and returnees greatly enhances economies of scale, and will not require\nmajor additional expenses. On the other hand, to withdraw from IDP activities while\nretaining a presence in Angola would send confusing signals to UNHCR's national\nand international interlocutors.\n\n\n34. The mission notes that the operation will be staffed as follows: 1 P-5 Rep\n(protection), 1 P-4 Deputy (Protection), 1 P-3 Protection Officer plus one UNV HSO\nUige.\n\n\n35. Given the need to strengthen this structure in order to meet the additional\nprotection related responsibilities linked to the IDP operation, and the knowledge\nand experience required to train and monitor in a new and evolving situation, the\nmission feels that the office should be staffed with 2 additional P-4/P-3 level\nprotection/training officers. Their role would be to capacitate national and\ninternational actors, and to ensure a constant, if periodic, field presence through\nregular visits to the field.\n\n\n36. Staff in Angola should be in regular posts and not on mission. Constant\nstaff turnover erodes UNHCR credibility, results in inexperienced staff, and\nconsumes large amounts of our interlocutors\u2019 time, as they have to re-explain the\nsituation to new officers.\n\n\n**Funding**\n\n\nAlthough the mission\u2019s recommendation is based on IDP needs and programme\nquality, it should be noted that required resources are modest, and that at least two\nmajor donors (US and ECHO) have informally indicated their willingness to fund the\nprogramme. The former did so during extended interviews with Luanda-based US\n\n\n6 \u2018It is imperative to ensure stable protection staffing, as the nature of the work is such that\nheavy turnover will not enable meaningful relationships and confidence levels to be\nestablished.\u2019 (Recommendation 2)\n7 As one interviewee put it (Luanda, 9 November 2001).\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA\n\n\ngovernment personnel, while the latter broached the issue during discussions with\nUNHCR colleagues based in Brussels.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 1** :\n\n\n**Strategy for operationalizing protection for internally displaced persons in Angola**\n\n\n\u201cProtection is not a theoretical or legal construct, even though its\npractice is framed by an important set of internationally agreed legal\nprinciples and guidelines. \u2026 protection is dynamic and action-oriented,\nit has overarching goals and it is performed through a wide range of\nspecific activities ranging from intervention and programme\nimplementation, through advice, promotion and training, to capacity\nbuilding.\u201c \u2013 Erika Feller, Statement by the Director, HCR Dept. Of\nInternational Protection [1]\n\n\nAngola is a modern day tragedy of monumental proportions. It is the longest\nrunning conflict in Africa and has taken its toll on the innocent, mostly women and\nchildren. The response of the international community has been at best half-hearted,\nin contrast to the magnitude of the problem and the suffering of the Angolan people.\nHuman rights have been the biggest casualty. In the past two decades, more than\ntwenty percent of the total population of Angola has been displaced by conflict.\nDuring a period of intense conflict, between 1992 and 1994, 1.3 to 2 million Angolans\nfled their homes, mostly to provincial centers and the capital Luanda.\n\n\nAfter the Lusaka Protocol was signed in 1994, some displaced populations relocated\nback to their original homes, although continuing insecurity in rural areas prevented\na full-scale return. By the end of 1997, humanitarian agencies estimated that\napproximately 1,045,000 people were still displaced. Since 1998 when hostilities\nbetween the parties again erupted, an additional 2.6 million people have been forced\nfrom their homes, bringing the total number of displaced persons in Angola to a\nreported 3.8 million.\n\n\nOf the 2.6 million people displaced since 1998, approximately 1.1 million have been\nregistered by humanitarian organisations. Three hundred thousand people are\nreportedly displaced in areas inaccessible to international agencies. The remaining\n1.2 million are integrated with resident populations in Luanda and other provincial\ncapitals, and are not registered. Since the breakdown of the Lusaka protocol in 1998,\nthe armed struggle has intensified dramatically. The FAA2 captured a series of key\nUNITA strongholds in 2000, which led UNITA to shift from conventional to guerrilla\nwarfare, actively targeting the civilian population in an attempt to terrorise the\npopulation and to further destabilise the country. This has had a devastating impact\non local populations and has led to massive displacements.\n\n\n**Shortcomings in the existing protection framework**\n\n\nThe existing framework for the protection of displaced persons is inadequate in\naddressing the enormous needs of this population. The humanitarian crisis relating\nto internal displacement is extreme. In terms of the numbers of IDPs involved, the\nfrequency of displacement during 30 years of war, the intensity of the conflict, and\nthe resulting related human rights abuses, make Angola one of the highest.\n\n\n1 Quoted from _International Journal of Refugee Law_, Vol. 12 No. 3, 2000\n\n2 The Government armed forces\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA - ANNEX\n\n\nAs there is no UN agency or body formally mandated to provide protection for IDPs,\nprotection frameworks have evolved from the individual interventions conducted\nand from programmes of different UN organisations. This section will seek to\nreview the current protection set-up as it has emerged in terms of its effectiveness in\nthe short-term and its usefulness as a strategic direction for the UN intervention in\nthe long-term.\n\n\n_a. Evolution of protection standards_\n\n\nA \u201cGlobal Protection Strategy for IDP Protection\u201d was drafted in 1997, maintaining\nadvocacy for the right to settle -- based on Art. 13(1) of the Universal Declaration -- as\nthe basis for protection of the rights of the IDPs. While this did provide a solid\nframework for the conceptualisation of protection of the internally displaced, the\nresponsibilities and procedures for operationalisation were left to evolve or to be\nlegislated upon.\n\n\nIn a subsequent, Inter-Agency Strategy for IDP Protection, four areas of protection\nwere identified: 1) information gathering and monitoring, 2) advocacy and response,\n3) capacity building, and 4) community mobilisation. The Inter-Agency Strategy then\napportioned the responsibility between three UN bodies: the United Nations Office\nfor Angola\u2019s Human Rights Division (UNOA/HRD), OCHA and UNICEF.\nSubsequent follow-up missions, including that of Dennis McNamara, led to a further\nconcretisation of this division among the three organisations. UNHCR was limited to\nits traditional mandate of protection of refugees.\n\n\n_b. Division of Protection responsibilities for IDPs among UN agencies_\n\n\nBased on the frameworks above, UNOA/HRD has taken responsibility for\nthe monitoring and training of local justice officials in the provinces. The\narrangement is that the HRD Human Rights Officers (HROs) will capacitate\nrelevant provincial actors while on their missions, and through community\nmobilisation will help communities take ownership over their fundamental\nrights. OCHA is currently involved in information-gathering and monitoring\nusing its own field presence. In the field of advocacy and response, due to\nthe sensitivities inherent in this type of activity, the current practice is to\nchannel the interventions through the Humanitarian Co-ordinator. This is\nseen as a transitory phase of response, until field monitors develop the skills\nand experience necessary to undertake direct intervention on violations.\nUNICEF intervenes in areas of child protection and community mobilisation,\nsuch as with psychosocial counselling for child soldiers and landmine\nawareness. UNHCR was not included substantively in the framework and\nhas subsequently developed independent and fully operational protection\nmechanisms as part of the 2000-2001 IDP Programme in Luanda (Viana),\nUige and Zaire Provinces. There is no fundamental rationale for this\ngeographic distinction, except that Viana, Uige and Zaire are identified as\nrefugee / returnee areas.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA - ANNEX\n\n\n_c. Compartmentalisation of protection_\n\n\nThe organic allocation of responsibilities created by the Inter-Agency Strategy and\nthe subsequent missions has had the effect of \u2018compartmentalising\u2019 protection, with\neach agency taking on specific and separate responsibilities, either geographical or\nconceptual, apart and different from all the others. While this does provide for a clear\nallocation of responsibility, it prevents the different actors from working together\nsubstantively and from being flexible enough to respond to the ever-changing needs\nof protection. Compared to the gigantic needs and limited resources set aside for\nprotection, compartmentalisation may prove to decrease capacity and thus render\nprotection efforts ineffective in the long run.\n\n\n_d. Assessment of gaps and needs_\n\n\nDespite the best efforts of all the UN organisations, significant gaps remain in the\nprotection of the IDPs. Conspicuous in all of the existing protection frameworks is\nthe lack of permanent and adequate field presence exclusively devoted to protection,\neven for a basic level of monitoring. OCHA has made such efforts, in order to fill a\nvacuum in protection presence, by augmenting the number of its staff in the field.\nHowever, this is still very limited. These field monitors\u2019 efforts are further weakened\nby all the other demands placed in administering co-ordination over the whole range\nof humanitarian activities in the various provinces.\n\n\nIn essence, there is no staff or resources outside Luanda devoted singularly to\nprotection. It is only this type of exclusive deployment that will lead to adequate\nprotection coverage, thereby ensuring a minimum degree of respect for human\nrights. In addition, the adoption and use of a single set of protection monitoring tools\nis yet to be achieved. Since various methods of data collection have been used, the\ndata sets of different agencies tend not to be compatible.\n\n\nGaps also exist in resource mobilisation, adequate training capital on specifically\nprotection-oriented operations, and generally in tangible operationalisation of\nprotection. The aforementioned lack of co-ordination and mix of mandates,\njurisdictions, areas of operation, etc. are not likely to produce an effective protection\nframework, especially not the one capable of responding to the crisis of the current\nmagnitude and scale.\n\n\n_e. The way forward_\n\n\nThere is thus a need to review the existing protection mechanisms currently in place,\nwith a view to conceptualising and implementing a new and comprehensive strategy\nfor operationalising protection of the IDPs in Angola. The end result would be the\ncreation of a mechanism under which the efforts of the individual UN agencies\nwould complement that of all others, and would be geared to the achievement of the\noptimum level of protection cover possible under the circumstances. The most\nimmediate challenge in this regard is to ensure a more regular protection presence on\nthe ground, and to guarantee that this presence is adequately supported.\n\n\nTo these ends, based on its expertise in the field of protection, UNHCR needs to lend\nits knowledge and experience to other agencies involved in establishing a protection\nmechanism that is sustainable in the long-term as well as capable of responding to\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA - ANNEX\n\n\nthe immediate protection needs. The challenge is to help to bring to the fore the\ncomparative advantages of each of the agencies involved in protection with a view to\ngenerate an effective team effort towards the operationalisation of protection.\n\n\n**Rationale for UNHCR\u2019s involvement**\n\n\n_a. High Commissioner's Oslo notes on involvement with IDPs_\n\n\nThe context for UNHCR\u2019s own involvement with IDPs comes from the close\ninterrelation between the refugee and IDP situations in Angola, both theoretically\nand, in fact, on the ground. The High Commissioner, in his notes at the Oslo\nConference on IDPs, outlined the conditions under which UNHCR interventions on\nIDPs are necessary and correspond to core functions in our mandate. These\nconditions included: a) when IDPs are located in the same areas as refugees and\nreturnees, b) where refugees return to their home country, but find themselves\ninternally displaced, c) where involvement with IDPs could impact on the prevention\nor solution of refugee problems, and thus not adversely affect the right to seek\nasylum, and d) where IDPs have protection and solution needs similar to refugees.\n\n\n_b. Oslo notes as applied to the Angolan context_\n\n\nIn considering the application of these principles, it can safely be stated that Angola\nis a textbook case for UNHCR involvement on IDPs. The phenomenon of repeated\ndisplacement has been so prevalent in the last decade that returnees and refugees\nlive side by side with the internally displaced and settled residents, especially in\nfrontier provinces such as Uige, Zaire, Moxico, Cunene and Cuando Cubango. In\nperiods of relative peace such as in 1992 and between 1994 -1998, refugees\nvoluntarily repatriated only to find themselves internally displaced when the conflict\nresumed. The establishment of basic protection mechanisms for the internally\ndisplaced will help create a positive environment where refugees may eventually\nreturn in safety and dignity in the event of a lasting peace. Moreover, IDPs within\nAngola\u2019s borders have protection needs almost identical to refugees in similar\nsituations. This makes HCR\u2019s previous experiences and expertise highly relevant to\nthe prevailing situation in Angola.\n\n\n**Operationalizing protection**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s primary activity in countrywide IDP protection will be to support the\nestablishment of a comprehensive protection framework with maximum possible\ngeographical coverage of the country. The following themes will be covered:\n\n\n_Monitoring capacity_ : UNHCR will capacitate competent NGOs as field monitors to\nserve as a permanent presence with protection knowledge and expertise. This will\ninvolve intense training, provision of equipment and resources, and the\nestablishment of secondary support (see below under Response Capacities for\ndetails). It will also liaise with other agencies in the formulation and implementation\nof uniform protection monitoring standards to be set based on lessons learned in\nsimilar protection operations. UNHCR will also co-operate with the other UN\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA - ANNEX\n\n\nagencies in developing a common database for the collection, evaluation and\ndissemination of information from the field.\n\n\n_Specific needs: civil registration for IDPs_ . A major specific requirement that involves\nactivity on both field and head-office levels is the issue of civil registration for IDPs.\nIdentity documents are crucial in preventing harassment by provincial police and\nmilitary, ensuring freedom of movement and rights to settle and own property, and\nin allowing the IDPs to participate fully in the economic and social life of the\ncommunity. UNHCR has been piloting civil registration efforts in Uige (with limited\nsuccess), but a much more global effort needs to be undertaken, involving all the\nprotection actors including the UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator, the Special\nRepresentative to the Secretary-General, and the government.\n\n\n_Response capacity_ : UNHCR will help towards establishing a secondary-level response\nframework in which international human rights and protection staff from the\ndifferent agencies work together and intervene in a co-ordinated fashion, preventing\nduplication and enhancing complementarity. Specifically for UNHCR, this will take\nthe form of roving field protection officers who will make frequent missions out to\nprovinces to supplement the efforts of the humanitarian actors based permanently in\nthe field.\n\n\n_Support capacity_ : UNHCR will continue to contribute towards capacitating all other\nprotection actors in Angola, such as, UN agencies, NGOs, government officials and\ncommunity leaders. This will be done through protection training: upgrading the\nskills and the knowledge of the humanitarian actors to intervene effectively on\nhuman rights violations. Interventions will be undertaken by whichever\nagency/actor has the comparative advantage in that situation.\n\n\n_Capacity-building_ **:** UNHCR will complement the capacity-building efforts of\nUNOA/HRD, UNICEF and others through co-operating with the government and\ncivil society in ensuring respect for human rights and the establishment of the rule of\nlaw. This would involve specifically: 1) strengthening and rehabilitation of the\nProvincial Human Rights Committees, 2) creation of community-based counselling\nservices for IDPs, 3) support for the establishment / rehabilitation of national courts\nand the training of judges [3] and 4) training of law enforcement bodies like the police\nand the concerned branches of the military.\n\n\n_Advocacy_ : UNHCR will also continue to encourage the conclusion, under the\nauspices of the UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator, of an agreement with the\nGovernment of Angola on the global standards for providing protection and\nassistance to the war-affected and displaced populations.\n\n\n**Resource mobilisation**\n\n\nThe costs proposed in these activities will be covered by funds already allocated to\nthe Angola Programme in 2001. For 2002 and beyond, costs will be covered either in\nthe framework of the Consolidated Inter-agency Appeal Process (CAP) or through\nrevision of budget allocations from UNHCR Headquarters.\n\n\n3 Only eight out of 147 municipal courts are functioning in Angola, and these are only in\nLuanda.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR AND IDPS IN ANGOLA - ANNEX\n\n\n**Real-time review**\n\n\nA review of the strategic direction proposed here will be undertaken in September\n2002 to determine the extent to which the objectives outlined in this paper are in the\nprocess of being achieved. Adjustments will be made either to the strategy or to the\nobjectives, as necessary, with a view to ensuring that minimum protection standards\ncontemplated in this paper are achieved.\n\n\nBO Luanda\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 2** : Mission details\n\n\nThe evaluation team was composed of two UNHCR staff members, Guillermo\nBettochi, Senior Advisor, Department of International Protection and Arafat Jamal,\nOperational Policy Officer, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit. UNHCR staff from\nthe Branch Office in Angola, the Geneva-based Southern Africa Liaison Unit and the\nRegional Directorate for Southern Africa (Pretoria) assisted the mission in matters of\nboth substance and logistics. The mission undertook fieldwork in Angola (Luanda,\nUige, Mbanza Kongo) and held briefings in Pretoria (2-12 November 2001).\n\n\nMany individuals helped with the evaluation; those who extended exceptional\nassistance are listed below. Their time and efforts are acknowledged with gratitude.\n\n\n_Geneva_\n\nUNHCR: Jeffery Crisp, Heywote Hailemeskal, Chil Mirtenbaum.\n\n\n_Luanda_\n\nUNHCR: Alias bin Ahmad, Mathewos Beraki, Guy Ouellet, Raja Panday, Tareq\nShahzada, Zelmira Sinclair.\n\n\nDonors: Gregory Garland (USA), Robert Hellyer (USAID), HE Tony Msimanga\n(South Africa) .\n\n\nGovernment: Rigoberto Kambovo (Ministry of Justice), HE Albino Malungo\n(MINARS), HE Paulo Tjipilica (Ministry of Justice).\n\n\nUN/ICRC/NGOs: Anthony Bloomberg (Unicef), Constance S. Brathwaite (AHA),\nMarina (Unicef), Marco Brudermann (ICRC), John Farebrother (DRC), Catherine\nGendre le Goff (ICRC), Erik de Mul (UNDP), Andres Pedersen (UNOA), Robert\nSchneider (Oxfam), Anny Brenne Svensen (NRC).\n\n\n_Uige/Mbanza Kongo/Negage_\n\nGovernment: Afonso Cordeiro (UTCAH), Francisco Lusala (MINARS),\nVictor Krisoupo (MINARS), Ana Manifesta (MINFAM), Quiala (MINARS), Jose\nSebastiao Vieira (Ministry of Justice).\n\n\nUN/NGOs: Jolly K. Beto (AHA), Yvonne Cappi (DRC), Alfred Cheuka\n(WFP), Esther (UNHCR), Suzana Filomena (SCF), Sister Lindamira (Caritas), Maria\n(OCHA), Vasco Pereira (NRC).\n\n\nIDPs/others: Various _Sobas_ and other IDPs in Qituma, Manuato 50 transit\ncentre, Mbemba Ngango, Negage, Campo ex-Feira; various _Sobas_ in Nuovo Bengo.\n\n\n_Pretoria_\n\nUNHCR: Anna Cleary, Sonia Munoz, Ilunga Ngandu, Serge Ruso, Fidellis Swai,\nRada, Kirsi, Haingothiana Andriamasomanana, Kirsi Vataamoinen.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/164c90be-d413-3ec6-9f88-8f1f9064aaec/A9A3DBA2FE36E539C1256C4500480647-unhcr-ang-31may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_221/raw/doc_221_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_221/raw/doc_221_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c9ffb9a14a62ee96f9dcb0f117d84de64055c9ce..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_221/raw/doc_221_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,447 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **LEBANON**\n### **_In-focus - Complaints and Feedback_**\n#### Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP)\n\nAccountability to Affected Populations (AAP) has been part of the humanitarian reform agenda for decades. It is\none of the four mandatory responsibilities of the Humanitarian Country Teams (HCT) as endorsed by the InterAgency Standing Committee (IASC) Principals and is highlighted as one of the IASC Strategic Priorities for 20222023 and in the Grand Bargain 2.0 framework. [1] In Lebanon, the HCT agreed on joint priorities articulated around the\nfive IASC AAP outcomes to pave the way for collective AAP in Lebanon. As such, strengthening AAP is one of the\ncross-cutting priorities across response frameworks.\n\n\nComplaints and feedback mechanisms are a critical component of AAP. These are the key channels through which\nhumanitarian actors can give account (ensure affected communities are informed enough to provide input on critical\nprocesses), take account (involve affected communities in decision making processes and programme design),\nand be held to account (provide opportunities for affected communities to give feedback and complain). Through\nthis, AAP can inform and improve all parts of the humanitarian response and work to ensure that humanitarian\norganizations are not only accountable for achieving results, but also for how programmes and initiatives are\nimplemented.\n\n\nThe primary objective of a complaints and feedback mechanism (CFM) is to increase the influence of affected\ncommunities over programmes through providing a formal channel where they input on its quality and delivery.\nHence, to be effective, a CFM must not only be adapted to the communication preferences of affected communities,\nbut also include procedures for recording, investigating, acting on, and providing feedback on complaints in a safe,\n\ntimely and dignified manner. This also includes systems to refer complaints and feedback to ensure that the right\nactor with the right capacity responds. As such, the collective capacity of the humanitarian response to act on\ncomplaints and feedback mechanisms is a critical aspect of the performance of CFMs.\n\n\nThe availability of CFMs is also critical to their efficiency, and hence the accountability of the organisation which\noperates them (and the overall response they support). That is, for CFMs to be effective, populations in the areas\nthey are targeting must be both aware of them and their utility. Lower levels of awareness about CFMs or lack of trust\nin their ability to perform, including the humanitarian response\u2019s ability to collectively work with referring feedback\nand complaints thus means lower levels of AAP, both for individual organisations and the humanitarian response.\n\n\nThis briefing note on \u2018 _Complaints and Feedback Mechanisms\u2019_ in Lebanon, compiles recent sources and consultations,\nto provide an overview of the operational CFM landscape from the perspective of humanitarian staff and affected\nwomen, girls, men and boys, and aims to identify gaps and provide recommendations . [2]\n\n\n1 IASC Grand Bargain Framework, 2021: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2021-07/%28EN%29%20Grand%20Bargain%202.0%20\n\nFramework.pdf\n\n2 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2022 (MSNA), Vulnerability Assessment for Syrian Refugees 2022 (VASyR), Inter-Agency Complaint & Feedback Mapping,\n\n2022, AAP Advisor partner consultations, Inter-Agency Service Mapping.\n\n\n**01**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2022", - "confidence": 0.5713077783584595, - "start": 554, - "end": 558 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.5016108751296997, - "start": 559, - "end": 560 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.821374773979187, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5184279680252075, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Analysis of the Complaints and Feedback Mechanism Mapping\n\nThis section presents an overview of the data gathered from the cross-framework Inter-Agency Complaint and\nFeedback Mapping 2022 as reported by humanitarian organizations and the Inter-Agency Service Mapping which\nboth capture data on the availability, coverage and to an extent functioning of CFMs in Lebanon. [3]\n\n\n**Availability**\n\nOf the 84 humanitarian organizations (38 INGO, 36 NGO, 10 UN agencies) who participated in the mapping,\n90% report to have a functioning complaint and feedback mechanism which covers their different sectors and\ngeographical areas of work.\n###### **% of CFM implementing agency by agency type**\n\n**(CFM Mapping 2022)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_N.B:_\n_-Inner pie chart indicates number of agencies per type reporting to CFM Mapping 2022._\n_-Outer pie chart indicates number of agencies per type that have a complaints and_\n_feedback mechanism for women, men, girls and boys._\n\n\nThe map below outlines at a district level the prevalence of complaint and feedback mechanisms in proportion to\nthe number of services provided across sectors. This information is drawn from the Inter-Agency Service Mapping.\n\n\n3 The Inter-Agency Complaint & Feedback Mapping was a joint effort between the Lebanon Inter-Agency, OCHA and the Inter-Agency PSEA Network.\n\n\n**02**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Complaint and\nFeedback Mapping 2022", - "confidence": 0.8900479078292847, - "start": 26, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9731695055961609, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8856791257858276, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.600130558013916, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian organizations", - "confidence": 0.9232542514801025, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Service Mapping", - "confidence": 0.7375982999801636, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6473713517189026, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian organizations", - "confidence": 0.5723450183868408, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CFM Mapping 2022", - "confidence": 0.6720722317695618, - "start": 134, - "end": 137 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5668697357177734, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5533815026283264, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian organizations", - "confidence": 0.5399068593978882, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CFM Mapping 2022", - "confidence": 0.7365714907646179, - "start": 156, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8510593175888062, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8153623938560486, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Service Mapping", - "confidence": 0.8591269850730896, - "start": 219, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Lebanon Inter-Agency, OCHA", - "confidence": 0.5891398191452026, - "start": 236, - "end": 240 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8441876173019409, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **% of services with existing CFM\u2019s in place (Lebanon Inter-Agency Service Mapping; June 2023)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n70 80 90 100\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**03**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Inclusion and reach**\n\nPositively, there has been notable diversification\nin the number of communication channels which\npersons of concern can use to provide complaints\nand feedback from 2020 to 2022. The average number\nof channels being used by organisations with CFM\nis 7, with 14 organizations using up to 9 different\ncommunication channels.\n\n\n\n**Number of organizations with number of available**\n**complaints and feedback mechanisms**\n**communication channels 2020 vs 2022**\n\n**(CFM Mapping 2022)**\n\n2022 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11\n\n**Number of available communication channels**\n\n\n\n**The below graph demonstrates those communication channels which are used by organisations to receive**\n**complaint and feedback.** Hotlines and Whatsapp are the most common channels used by all organization types,\nwhile UN agencies rely to a greater extent on email, NNGO on complaint boxes and INGO on in-person focus group\ndiscussions (FGD). 70% of humanitarian organizations report consulting with affected women, men, girls and boys in\n\nthe design of their communication channels which indicates that efforts are being made to enhance the accessibility\nof such channels up from 41% in 2020. 92% of organizations report providing information in multiple formats, nearly\n\n\n\n**Complaint and feedback mechanism communication**\n\n\n\n**Inclusivity of complaint and feedback mechanisms**\n**across organizations** **(CFM Mapping 2022)**\n\n\nInformation is provided in multiple formats **92%**\n\n\n\nHotline\n\n\nWhatsapp\n\n\nFocus Group Discussions,\netc.\n\n\nFace to face at\ndistribution/service sites\n\n\nComplaints/\nsuggestions box\n\n\nE-mail\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nOther\n\n\nStaff Phone\n\n\nFacebook or other\nsocial media platforms\n\n\nWebsite\n\n\nMobile application\n\n\n\n\n\nChannels to provide complaint/feedback are\naccessible for persons with physical disability\n\nChannels to provide complaint/feedback are\naccessible for persons with sensory disability\n\nHired interpreters / translation when required\n\n\nNone\n\n\n\n**46%**\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**24%**\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\nInternational NGO National NGO\nUN\n\n\n\n37 International NGOs, 32 National NGOs and\n7 UN Agencies completed the survey to derive\nthese results\n\n\n\n**04**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "half of organizations are confident that persons with physical disabilities can access their CFM but this drops to\nnearly a quarter for persons with sensory disabilities. Up to 83% of organizations say they analyze complaint and\nfeedback trends they capture through their communication channels to inform and adjust their programs.\n\n\n**PSEA capacities**\n\n\n\nPSEA capacities vary across organizations. All agencies\nwith a CFM should be able to safely and sensitively\nrespond to cases of SEA and child safeguarding concerns\nreceived through their communication channels. To\nthis end, 92% of organizations reported that their staff\nmanaging CFM are trained on the Inter-Agency SOP on\nPSEA and know how to handle sensitive information. [4]\n90% say that their CFM is well designed to identify and\nrespond to SEA. 70% of INGO and 84% NNGO report\nhaving a PSEA focal point. 80% of organizations selfreport having a child-friendly CFM that suits girls and\n\nboys of all ages, however in practice child-friendly CFMs\nare challenging to design and an area where further\ncapacities across organizations are required.\n\n\n\n**% with staff trained on handling sensitive**\n**complaints including PSEA** **(CFM Mapping 2022)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**92%** INGO\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### Perceptions of Affected Women, Girls, Men and Boys (analysis from VASYR and MSNA on complaint and feedback mechanisms).\n\n**Aligning communication channels to community needs and preferences.**\n\n\n\nWhile most households indicate face-to-face\ncommunication overall, whether at home,\nat the agency office, or other venue, as their\npreferred method for submitting a complaint\nand feedback, [5] the primary channels set up\nby humanitarian actors to receive complaints\nand feedback hotlines (87%) complaints and\nsuggestion boxes (78%), WhatsApp (76%)\nand email (74%) remain. For Syrian refugees\nhowever, a large proportion (63%) do still\nprefer to provide feedback by phone.\n\n\nAlthough these modes of communication\nare followed by face-to-face methods of\ncommunicating, (approximately 71% of\n\n4 Inter-Agency SOP on PSEA, PSEA Network 2022\n\n\n###### **HHs preferred ways to give aid feedback**\n\n**(MSNA 2022; VASyR 2022)**\nLebanese Migrant PRL Syrian\n\n\n\nFace to face (at home)\nwith aid worker\n\n\nPhone call\n\n\nFace to face (in office/other venue)\nwith aid worker\n\n\nWhatsApp\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nFace to face with member\nof the community\n\n\nComplaints and suggestions box\n\n\n\n\n\n5 MSNA and VASyR 2022. Households could cite more than one preferred method\n\n\n\n**05**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "organizations have these in place by way of focus group discussions), the overall finding suggests humanitarian\nactors can increase their efforts to provide face to face engagement at home with an aid worker. More broadly the\nfinding suggests that although there has been an increase in agencies consulting the community when designing\ntheir CFM (70% compared to 41% in 2020), organisations need to strengthen their consultation with affected women,\ngirls, men and boys of different age and disability groups when designing their channels.\n\n\n\nInterestingly, when responding to complaint and feedback\nreceived by affected communities, organizations appear\nto prioritize in person communication to a greater extent.\nThe top three channels organization use to respond to\ncomplaint and feedback are by phone (87%), in person\nmeeting (83%) and WhatsApp (42%) while Syrian\nrefugees cite they prefer to receive a response by phone\n(80%) and SMSs (86%) with a smaller proportion (28%)\nthrough WhatsApp.\n\n\n\n**% organizations against ways that organization**\n**responds to complaints and feedback received**\n\n\n\nPhone\n\nIn-person\nmeeting\n\n\nWhatsApp\n\nRegular community\nmeetings\n\nFacebook or social\nmedia platforms\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nOther\n\n\nDon't know\n\n\n\n**(CFM Mapping 2022)**\n\n\n\n**87%**\n\n\n**83%**\n\n\n**42%**\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**22%**\n\n\n**21%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\nAlthough there does not appear to be a notable difference in communication preferences based on the gender\n\nof the head of household or disability status of household members, it is important to note that _access_ to some\ncommunication methods is less available for females emphasizing the need for age, gender and disability\nconsultations when designing CFM channels. 90% of Syrian refugee households reported that a member of the\nhousehold had a smartphone. However, this was much lower for female headed households compared to their male\ncounterparts (78% versus 92% male headed households). Around three quarters (73%) of households has access\nto internet at home (i.e. wifi), but this was also lower among female headed households (62% compared to 76%\namong male headed households).\n\n\nAlmost all households (93%) were active on WhatsApp, a little less than a third (29%) were on Facebook, and small\nproportions on TikTok (4%) and Instagram (2%). There were also differences noted here based on the gender of\nthe head of household, with a higher proportion of female headed households (18%) reporting not using any social\nmedia platforms, compared to males (4%).\n\n\n**Adapt efforts to enhance knowledge about complaints and feedback.**\n\nWhile significant steps are already being taken to improve information and outreach efforts with regards to enhancing\ncommunity consultation, developing more inclusive CFMs and providing awareness sessions, the findings from the\n2022 MSNA indicate there is a need to increase collective outreach efforts about how to submit feedback and\ncomplaints particularly for Lebanese, migrant and Palestinian refugees from Lebanon (PRL). 50% Lebanese, 37%\nPRL and only 25% of migrants compared to 74% Syrian refugees now know how to file a complaint and feedback\nwith extremely low numbers in rural areas such as Akkar and El Nabatieh. Short-term project-based communication\nchannels can further hinder knowledge about CFM communication channels.\n\n\nThe below graph indicates that the knowledge of how to file a complaint or provide feedback on a humanitarian\nprogram within the Lebanese, PRL and migrant community is highest in Baalbeck El Hermel, the South and Nabatieh\nrespectively, and the lowest rate of knowledge for Lebanese households is in the North, while PRL and Migrants had\nno knowledge at all in Bekaa and Nabaiteh, Akkar and Baalbeck El Hermel respectively. Partners need to improve\noutreach on CFM in these governorates.\n\n\n**06**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CFM channels", - "confidence": 0.8620365858078003, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9574298858642578, - "start": 343, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**% HHs that know how to file a complaint against a staff or report feedback on a humanitarian program**\n\n**(MSNA 2022; VASyR 2022)**\nLebanese Migrant PRL Syrian\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**76%**\n\n\n\n**74%**\n\n\n\n**63%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**50%**\n\n\n\n**54%**\n\n\n\n**82%**\n\n\n**73%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**43%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|37%|\n|---|---|\n|**25%**|**25%**|\n\n\n|Col1|50%|\n|---|---|\n|**32%**|**32%**|\n\n\n|Col1|44%|\n|---|---|\n|**23%**|**23%**|\n\n\n|Col1|68%|\n|---|---|\n|**6%**|**6%**|\n\n\n|Col1|53%|\n|---|---|\n|**14%**|**14%**|\n\n\n**Total** **Akkar** **Baalbek-** **Beirut** **Bekaa** **Mount** **Nabatieh** **North** **South**\n**El Hermel** **Lebanon**\n\nMeanwhile, the VASyR 2022 indicates that humanitarian actors have made positive strides informing Syrian refugee\nhouseholds about how to provide complaint and feedback and should continue these efforts as well as continue\nto adapt the means and format with which they reach the most at risk. Three quarters (74%) of Syrian refugee\nhouseholds reported that they knew how to file a complaint or provide feedback on a staff member or a humanitarian\n\nprogram and 27% of those reported that they had used a complaint and feedback mechanism for this purpose in\nthe past six months. The rates of knowledge were lowest in El Nabatieh (63%) and highest in Akkar and Beirut\n(82%) demonstrating little variation between urban and rural areas. Positively, 86% of households who received\nassistance reported that the agency explained how to provide feedback when they received the assistance, with this\nreaching 94% in the Bekaa and 90% in Beirut with the lowest rate in Baalbeck el Hermal at 71%.\n\n\n**% HHs that know how to file a complaint against a staff or report feedback on a humanitarian program**\n\n**(MSNA 2022; VASyR 2022)**\n\n\n\n**At least one person with Disability in HH** **No person with Disability in HH**\n\n\n\nYes No I Don\u2019t Know\n\n\n\n**38%** **52%** **10%**\n\n\n**28%** **61%** **11%**\n\n\n**52%** **41%** **8%**\n\n\n**75%** **23%** **2%**\n\n\n\n**Lebanese**\n\n\n**Migrant**\n\n\n**PRL**\n\n\n**Syrian**\n\n\n**Lebanese**\n\n\n**Migrant**\n\n\n**PRL**\n\n\n**Syrian**\n\n\n\n**34%** **53%** **13%**\n\n\n**98%** **2%**\n\n\n**47%** **48%** **5%**\n\n\n**74%** **22%** **4%**\n\n\n\n**60%** **36%** **4%**\n\n\n**100%**\n\n\n**100%**\n\n\n**76%** **21%** **3%**\n\n\n\n**Adult Female as Head of HH** **Adult Male as Head of HH** **Total**\n\n\n\n**31%** **55%** **14%**\n\n\n**18% 64%** **18%**\n\n\n**8%79%** **13%**\n\n\n**74%** **24%** **2%**\n\n\n\n**37%** **52%** **11%**\n\n\n**25%** **65%** **10%**\n\n\n**50%** **44%** **6%**\n\n\n**74%** **23%** **3%**\n\n\n\nOverall Syrian refugees, according to the data knowledge of CFM did not differ notably based on gender of the head\nof household, disability presence in the household, or shelter type. However, for Lebanese, Migrants and PRL we\nsee that households with at least one member with disabilities have less knowledge about CFM than those without.\nThis is significant within the migrant population with a 72% difference, and similarly for migrant households which\nare female headed there is a 82% difference, while for Lebanese and PRL female headed households appear to have\nbetter knowledge over their male headed households.\n\n\n**07**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CFM", - "confidence": 0.7550421953201294, - "start": 948, - "end": 949 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8452684283256531, - "start": 939, - "end": 941 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Overall, 84% of Syrian refugees did not face any challenges accessing a complaint and feedback channel, while 12%\nstated that they did not know how or where to provide a complaint or feedback. Other challenges faced included not\nable to reach the relevant channel due to transportation costs (3%) and lack of trust that there would be an adequate\nresponse (3%).\n\n\n**Act on feedback and complaints more efficiently and address barriers**\n##### **Main reasons for not wanting to use CFM to provide feedback about received aid**\n\n**(MSNA 2022; VASyR 2022)**\n\n\n\nLebanese\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nMigrant\n_Person with disability in household_\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\nPRL\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nSyrian\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\nLebanese\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nMigrant\n_Person with disability in household_\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\nPRL\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nSyrian\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n**Judgement by family and/or communuity**\n_**(Concern of discrimination and harrassment)**_\n\n\n0.5%\n0%\n\n\n0%\n0%\n\n\n**Lack of confidentiality data protection**\n_**(Lack of trust my information will be confidential)**_\n\n\n0%\n0%\n\n\n0%\n0%\n\n\n0%\n0.2%\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\nLebanese\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nMigrant\n_Person with disability in household_\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\nPRL\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\nSyrian\n_Person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n**Complaints do not result in a positive change**\n_**(Lack of trust there will be an adequate response)**_\n\n\n**Worry that negative feedback would affect future aid**\n_**(Concern I will loose my assistance)**_\n\n\n0%\n0%\n\n\n0.7%\n0.8%\n\n\n**Lack of transparency in the process**\n_**(Don't know how to provide a complaint or feedback)**_\n\n\n0%\n0%\n\n\n\n_No person with disability in household_\n\n\n\n\n\nCFMs play a critical role in ensuring the efficiency and accountability of the humanitarian response to the people\nwe serve. That information collected through CFMs is properly acted and followed up on is vital. More efforts need\nto be made in this regard. For example, while 83% of all organizations that participated in the 2022 CFM mapping\nindicated that they analyze complaint and feedback trends to inform programming and advocacy, 32% of the\nhouseholds that participated in the 2022 MSNA indicated that they did not feel comfortable using CFMs due to the\nlack of positive change seen as a result, while 3% across population groups reported lack of trust that there would\nbe an adequate response as a reason for not submitting a complaint or feedback. Interestingly, lack of trust that\nthere will be a positive change in response to a complaint and feedback was higher for households with at least one\nperson with disabilities across population groups. Further, these households within the PRL community also lack\ntrust that their information will be kept confidential and are more concerned about discrimination and harassment\nif they report. Retribution through loss of assistance for reporting a complaint and feedback was markedly higher\nfor the migrant community.\n\n\n**08**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Although several additional factors regarding humanitarian organizations capacity to respond may be considered\nhere, the compared results are still indicative of a limited capacity to close the \u2018feedback loop\u2019 and keep complainants\nupdated throughout the process.\n\n\n\n**Main reasons for not being satisfied with the way**\n**aidworkers behave** **(MSNA 2022)**\n\nLebanese Migrant PRL\n\n\n\n**Main reasons for not being satisfied with the way**\n**aidworkers behave** **(VASyR 2022)**\n\nSyrian\n\n\ncomplaints, nothing changes\n\n\n\nThey do not listen to\nanyone in our community\n\n\nThey do not speak to\nanyone in our community\n\n\nThey only listen to\nlocal leaders/head men\n\n\nThey only speak to\nlocal leaders/head men\n\n\nNothing changes despite giving\nfeedback and complaining\n\n\nThey do not provide\nenough information\n\n\n\n\n\nThey do not provide enough information about\nregistration, eligibility, or distributions\n\n\nThey do not listen to anyone in our community\n\n\nThey do not speak to anyone in our community\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n87% of Syrian households, 50% Lebanese, 62% PRL and 52% migrants were satisfied with aid worker behavior. When\nreviewing reasons for dissatisfaction with humanitarian aid actor\u2019s behavior, the main concern is lack of trust that\nany changes will result as a result of talking to them. These numbers are further strengthened by the low number of\nhouseholds reporting that they have used a complaint and feedback mechanism in the MSNA 2022.\n\n\nThe highest reporting of dissatisfaction with aid worker behavior in the 2022 MSNA was in the North Governorate\nby the PRL population with 64% reporting dissatisfaction and the lowest is by the migrant population in Nabatieh\nwith a rate of 2%. From the VASyR 2022, it is found that the lowest reporting on dissatisfaction for Syrian\u2019s was in\nBaalbek Hermel with 0.7%, and highest dissatisfaction in South Lebanon.\n\n###### Recommendations\n\n\n**For Lebanon Response Decision Makers**\n\n- Recognizing that a high proportion (83%) of organizations analyze their complaint and feedback trends, ensure\nthat this contributes to response-wide analysis to inform strategic and operational priorities.\n\n- Support the development of flexible policies around information sharing to guide collective actions to ensure\na systematic programmatic response to the people who give the feedback at local and national levels,\nbetween NNGOs, partners, and sectors. Ensure that any new policy related to AAP in general and CFM in\nspecific can be implemented by the different organizations and specifically by the local NGOs that have limited\ntechnical capacity.\n\n\n**09**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.6039637327194214, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "complaint and feedback mechanism", - "confidence": 0.7815790176391602, - "start": 256, - "end": 260 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North Governorate", - "confidence": 0.825455904006958, - "start": 281, - "end": 283 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9811751246452332, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9070677757263184, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian households", - "confidence": 0.5847039818763733, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.865805447101593, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "reporting on dissatisfaction", - "confidence": 0.5457176566123962, - "start": 320, - "end": 323 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Baalbek Hermel", - "confidence": 0.6090147495269775, - "start": 329, - "end": 331 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8528655171394348, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9849862456321716, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\u2019s", - "confidence": 0.5545756816864014, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**For Donors**\n\n- Prioritize funding for sustained and organization-wide CFM rather than \u2018project-based\u2019 AAP requirements with\nlimited funding and resources. These are less likely to be sustainable or based on proper participation and\nconsultation and risk creating confusion for affected populations regarding where and how to report.\n\n\n**For Humanitarian Actors**\n\n- UN agencies, INGO/NNGO should develop organization-wide CFM with diverse communication channels and\navoid project/program or geographic specific communication channels which are short-term and unsustainable.\n\n- Ensure that all CFMs can safely receive SEA complaints and that all staff working and managing CFMs are\nadequately trained on the Inter-Agency PSEA SOPs and relevant referral pathways. Further, all agencies should\nbe engaged in disseminating IEC materials on SEA and assign a PSEA focal point to actively participate in the\nPSEA network.\n\n- Strengthen the consultation with different age, gender, and disability groups on the design of CFM communication\nchannels to ensure they are inclusive and that outreach about CFMs is adequately tailored to their needs,\nincluding in a variety of languages, this includes the design of child-friendly CFM channels.\n\n- Enhance outreach efforts about how to file a complaint and feedback with particular attention paid to services\nbeing provided to Lebanese, migrants and PRL communities who reported low awareness of the availability\nof CFM. In turn, build trust through increased response to CFM to address reporting hesitancy across all\npopulation groups.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6cdb3d1a-afec-43c0-a650-67370367a9a3/AAP%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Focus%20%E2%80%93%20Complaint%20%26%20Feedback%20Mechanisms%20in%20Lebanon.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_222/raw/doc_222_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_222/raw/doc_222_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e1c6d01e35a0bc8a1f28985e27fc939d8f178e4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_222/raw/doc_222_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cacd00d-e115-4580-a82c-b7778ffbf15c/ABC-LEY%202024-%20Febrero%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_223/raw/doc_223_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_223/raw/doc_223_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ed9a56a110bc835ebdd430b77595273ad65f0aa3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_223/raw/doc_223_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,360 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 158**\n\n# **Local integration:** **an under-reported solution** **to protracted refugee situations**\n\n\n**Alexandra Fielden**\n\n\nIntern,\nPolicy Development and Evaluation Service,\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nE-mail: alexandrafielden@googlemail.com\n\n\nJune 2008\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nLocal integration has a largely unrecognized potential to resolve the plight of refugee\npopulations across the globe, many of whom have been living in exile for years on\nend. In recent years there has been relatively little attention paid to the process of\nlocal integration and its consequences for refugees and their hosts. This can perhaps\nlargely be attributed to voluntary repatriation being the globally preferred refugee\npolicy. [1]\n\n\nAn initial distinction to be drawn is the difference between local integration in the\ncountry of first asylum and integration in a third resettlement country. It is relatively\ncommon for resettled refugees to obtain citizenship in the receiving (usually\nindustrialized and wealthy) state, but exact figures are difficult to obtain. [2]\n\n\nThis paper will seek to examine and highlight the role of local integration as a durable\nsolution to refugee influxes in countries of first asylum, which are generally\ndeveloping or transitional societies. It concludes that local integration is actually not a\nforgotten solution, [3] but an undocumented one. It is also suggested that local\nintegration has great potential as a solution where repatriation or resettlement are not\nviable options; particularly in protracted refugee situations.\n\n\nAlthough local integration has been termed a \u201cnon-solution\u201d, [4] examples are in fact\nnumerous enough to be worthy of synthesis. This document seeks to provide an\ninventory of local integration case studies from all continents. It must be noted that\neach local integration process has had varying degrees of success, but an in-depth\nanalysis and evaluation of each is beyond the scope of this paper. The inventory aims\nto provide a crucial starting point for further research into local integration, and its\nfuture role in international refugee policy.\n\n\n**Defining local integration**\n\n\nLocal integration as a durable solution combines three dimensions. Firstly, it is a legal\nprocess, whereby refugees attain a wider range of rights in the host state. Secondly, it\nis an economic process of establishing sustainable livelihoods and a standard of living\ncomparable to the host community. Thirdly, it is a social and cultural process of\nadaptation and acceptance that enables the refugees to contribute to the social life of\nthe host country and live without fear of discrimination. [5]\n\n\nUsing a narrow conception of local integration, it could be argued that the process\nbecomes a durable solution only at the point when a refugee becomes a naturalized\ncitizen of his or her asylum country. [6] The broader, multi-dimensional definition,\n\n\n1 For example, ExCom Conclusions No. 79 (XLVII) 1996, No. 81 (XLVIII) 1997, No. 87 (L) 1999,\nNo. 89 (LI) 2000, No. 90 (LII) 2001, No. 95 (LIV) 2003.\n2 Since 1990, 1.7 million refugees were naturalized, 1.3 million in the USA alone (76%). In many\ncountries, in particular Europe, it is not possible to find out how many refugees actually obtained\ncitizenship simply because refugees are not distinguished in national statistics from other foreigners.\n3 Jacobsen, K., (2001). \u2018The forgotten solution: local integration for refugees in developing countries\u2019,\n_New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper No.45, (UNHCR: Geneva).\n4 \u201cAlthough local integration is always listed among the three durable solutions, in fact it is rarely used\nin cases of mass influx and has, in that context, almost become a \"non-solution.\"\u201d NGO Statement on\nLocal Integration Global Consultations on International Protection 22-24 May 2002. Available at <\nhttp://www.icva.ch/doc00000865.html>\n5 Crisp, J., (2004). \u2018The local integration and local settlement of refugees: a conceptual and historical\nanalysis\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper No.102, (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 1.\n6 Ibid., p. 2.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "however, would suggest that it is possible for a refugee to acquire the three elements\nof local integration without actually being naturalized. Thus, for the purposes of this\npaper, the process of local integration will be broadly outlined by the assumption that\n\u201crefugees will remain indefinitely in their country of asylum and find a solution to\ntheir plight in that state. Ideally, but not necessarily, that will involve the acquisition\nof citizenship.\u201d [7] Therefore, each of the case studies looked at in this paper will\ninvolve attainment of legal rights, economic rights and/or social and cultural rights for\nrefugees in the host country.\n\n\nThe principle of local integration is firmly established in international refugee law.\nThe 1951 UN Refugee Convention acknowledged the role of local integration,\nfocusing on the importance of citizenship in achieving durable solutions. According to\narticle 34 of the Convention, \u201cthe contracting states shall as far as possible facilitate\nthe assimilation and naturalization of refugees. They shall in particular make every\neffort to expedite naturalization proceedings.\u201d [ 8]\n\n\nThe difference between assimilation and local integration should be clarified. The\nRefugee Convention uses the concept of assimilation alongside integration. UNHCR\nendorses local integration as a more useful term, however. UNHCR has stated that\n\u201cthe international community has always rejected the notion that refugees should be\nexpected to abandon their own culture and way of life, so as to become\nindistinguishable from nationals of the host community.\u201d [9] UNHCR thus promotes\nlocal integration, as opposed to assimilation, as one of three \u2018durable solutions\u2019\navailable to refugees.\n\n\nIn developing countries, local integration has been widely utilised, although not\ncommensurately reported. In several countries across Africa and Asia, large\npopulations of refugees have been successfully locally integrated, naturalised, or have\nbeen given the opportunity to achieve self-reliance as a prelude to full local\nintegration. It seems that local integration has not always been a high priority within\nUNHCR, however. In 1995, for example, the organization published a book entitled\n_The State of the World\u2019s Refugees: In Search of Solutions_, which remarkably failed to\nmake any substantive or positive references to local integration.\n\n\nMore recently, the potential of local integration has been emphasized by its increased\nsignificance within UNHCR policy. In 2005, the organization\u2019s Executive Committee\nreached conclusion No. 104 (LVI) on local integration. This conclusion highlighted\nthe importance of local integration as a burden sharing activity and clarified\n\u201cUNHCR\u2019s catalytic role in assisting and supporting countries receiving\nrefugees\u2026and in mobilizing financial assistance and other forms of support, including\ndevelopment assistance from the international community.\u201d It also outlined the need\nfor the refugees to be prepared to adapt to their new community and promoted selfreliance as a strategy to facilitate local integration.\n\n\n7 Ibid., p. 3.\n8 Article 34 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Adopted on 28 July 1951 by the\nUnited Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons\nconvened under General Assembly resolution 429 (V) of 14 December 1950; entry into force 22 April\n1954, in accordance with article 43.\n9 UNHCR, (2002). \u201c4th Meeting: Global Consultations on International Protection\u201d _EC/GC/02/6_, 25\nApril 2002.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Local integration: benefits and obstacles**\n\n\nLocal integration as a process has many potential benefits for both the refugees and\nhost population. While huge refugee influxes have often been termed a \u201cburden\u201d by\nhost countries, they also offer a great opportunity for economic development. The\nrefugees constitute a new labour force with skills that can be utilized to benefit the\nhost community by developing under-populated areas. Seen in Tanzania with the\ninflux of Burundian refugees in 1972, the development of land for farming in the\ncountry\u2019s remote Western periphery enabled the refugees to contribute substantially to\nthe local and national economy.\n\n\nHosting refugees can also result in the long-term benefits of access to new\ninfrastructure. The building of roads, schools and hospitals financed by international\nrefugee aid are permanent and usually open to refugees and locals alike. The hosting\nof refugees can also be a show of good will, solidarity, and burden sharing. It can\nprovide host governments with international aid, whilst bolstering their status as a\nresponsible member of the international community. Thus, the political motivations\nfor refugee-hosting should not be overlooked.\n\n\nThe notion of local integration also holds additional appeal for those who believe that\nthat keeping refugees in camps violates their rights. Freedom of movement and the\nright to work are two fundamental human rights that are often denied to refugees\nconfined to camp situations, sometimes for years on end.\n\n\nResistance to the local integration of refugee populations is seen amongst host\ngovernments and locals alike, with opposition being based on a number of\ncontributory factors, both real and perceived. Refugee camps have experienced direct\nattacks and militarization has sometimes become acute. Petty and organized crime has\nindeed flourished in some refugee hosting areas. These real and perceived security\nthreats can cause resentment and clashes between locals and refugees, diminishing\nchances for successful local integration.\n\n\nRefugee hosting can also take a toll on the environment. The increased use of natural\nresources in activities like charcoal making, fishing, firewood and thatch grass selling,\nand the cultivation of hillsides can have a substantial impact. Refugee influxes also\nincrease competition for land and jobs, as well as pressure on infrastructure such as\nschools, roads and health centres.\n\n\nThe attitude of the host country is not the only obstacle to local integration as a\ndurable solution, however. The blurred line between humanitarian and development\naid for local integration projects has often resulted in protection \u2018gaps\u2019, where\nrefugees are left without institutional and material support. This has, in turn,\ndiminished the viability of local integration programmes and wider policy\ndevelopment.\n\n\nHistorically, it has proven difficult to secure funding for local integration projects.\nDonors are not attracted to longer-term activities encompassing refugee integration,\nand making refugees less visible is neither psychologically nor politically satisfying to\ninternational or national organizations. Furthermore, local integration has been a\ndifficult solution to sell to refugees that hold on to idea of eventually returning home.\nHost states also hold that by limiting the potential for local settlement and integration,\nthere is a greater chance to promote repatriation.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Although local integration is not always welcomed by host governments in theory, in\npractice provincial authorities often recognize the _de facto_ integration of refugee\npopulations. For example, in pursuing a local integration programme, authorities in\nSierra Leone have preferred to use the term \u2018self reliance strategy\u2019. This perhaps\nhighlights the influence of politics and public perceptions on refugee hosting policy\nand practice.\n\n\nThe degree of linguistic, ethnic, and cultural similarities between the host and refugee\npopulation (sometimes referred to as \u201cpsychological compatibility\u201d) is a significant\nfactor in the initiation of a local integration process. In some cases, very different\npolicies have been applied for different ethnic refugee communities within the same\ncountry. Although cultural similarities undoubtedly smooth integration, the ethnicity\nof a refugee population should not predicate the durable solutions available to them.\n\n\nThe length of time a refugee population has spent in a host country is another\nsignificant factor in local integration. As stated, protracted refugee situations often\nseem to be the most appropriate for local integration. Extended stays contribute to de\nfacto integration, especially through language and education assimilation.\nFurthermore, these adjustments, particularly strong amongst the younger generations,\ntend to diminish the locals\u2019 xenophobia towards the refugees.\n\n\n**The changing policy environment**\n\n\nThe re-emergence of local integration as a durable solution cannot be attributed to a\nsingle factor. Indeed, the political, economic and social conditions that allow for such\na solution are many and varied. It is difficult to clearly identify specific catalysts for\nthe local integration process, as each example seems to take place under different\ncircumstances. What can be more readily assessed are general historical trends,\npolitical situations and global population changes.\n\n\n_UNHCR and the international community_\n\n\nSeveral developments have enabled UNHCR and the international community to take\na more proactive role in protracted refugee situations in recent years. This has, in turn,\ncontributed to the re-emergence of local integration as a durable solution. Although a\nfew new refugee emergencies have erupted in the new millennium (such as in Iraq\nand Darfur), the number of major refugee situations has diminished significantly. This\nhas allowed UNHCR and others to focus more attention on previously neglected\ncrises, especially protracted situations.\n\n\nSecondly, there is an accumulating body of research and evidence about the negative\nconsequences of extended refugee hosting. Situations where refugees are\n\u2018warehoused\u2019 for years on end, without opportunities for self-reliance, have been\nshown to trigger a number of interrelated problems. Refugees in camp situations are\noften susceptible to disease, poor nutrition status, mental health problems, and sexual\nand gender based violence. In addition, these refugees are also more likely to engage\nin onward movements. Deteriorating conditions and a lack of prospects increase the\nnumbers leaving the camps for urban areas, or seeking asylum in more distant parts of\nthe world.\n\n\nThese realisations prompted further research and lobbying efforts. In 1999, UNHCR\u2019s\nEvaluation and Policy Analysis Unit launched the \u2018Protracted Refugee Situations\nProject\u2019, which published a wide range of reports and papers on this issue.\nSubsequently there have been a number of internet-based initiatives set up, such as the\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2018Refugee Livelihoods Network\u2019 and the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants\ncampaign against the \u2018warehousing\u2019 of refugees.\n\n\nResearch and advocacy efforts on protracted refugee situations have also increased the\ndialogue on alternative approaches for this particular type of refugees. As a direct\nresult, local integration has re-emerged to once again take prominence in the\ndiscussion of durable solutions on the international stage; this paper seeks to further\npromote this valuable dialogue.\n\n\n_Declining refugee numbers_\n\n\nAs mentioned, the size of the population of concern to UNHCR has declined in recent\nyears. Since the spate of armed conflicts and refugee movements of the early 1990s,\nglobal refugee numbers have gone down. In particular, the number of protracted\nrefugee situations has declined in the last eight years, from 39 in 1998, to 30 in 2006.\nThe number of refugees affected has also declined from approximately 8 million at\nthe end of 1998 to just over 5 million at the end of 2006.\n\n\nMany of the conflicts at the centre of refugee crises have been brought to an end, and\nmillions of refugees have repatriated. In 2005 and 2006, more than 1.8 million longterm refugees returned to their country of origin, more than a million of them to\nAfghanistan alone. Substantial numbers were also repatriated in Africa, particularly\nAngola, Burundi, Liberia and Sudan. In these cases, when a relatively small number\nof \u2018residual caseload\u2019 refugees remain in the host country, governments are more open\nto their local integration.\n\n\nWith only small refugee populations remaining, competition for opportunities in the\nlocal economy and labour market is reduced. This creates an environment that\nfacilitates the economic participation of refugees in both a local and national setting.\nThe availability of inputs, particularly in the form of land available for settlement and\nfarming, is another crucial factor. As seen in Tanzania and Zambia, the abundance of\nland for refugee settlement provided the opportunity for their self-sufficiency.\n\n\n_Migration_\n\n\nThe recent and significant increase in the movement of people across countries and\ncontinents must also be taken into account within the context of local integration.\nThese developments have raised new challenges in the field of asylum and migration,\nin turn having an impact upon the durable solutions available to refugees. UNHCR\nhas reiterated that it is not a migration organization, [10] but has also recently\nacknowledged that refugee and migration policies should be mutually reinforcing.\n\n\nThere appears to be an emerging consensus concerning the ineffectiveness of policies\nwhich insist that everyone should live in their country of origin and, if they have been\nforced into exile, return to that country. In protracted refugee situations, it is in fact\noften the case that the people concerned have never lived in their putative \u2018homeland\u2019.\nFor example, 85 per cent of the registered \u20181972\u2019 Burundian refugees in Tanzania was\nborn and grew up in the host state. In this context, local integration becomes the most\nforward-thinking and realistic refugee solution.\n\n\nContinued globalisation is a relevant factor that appears to be finally creeping into\npolicy-makers\u2019 agendas. Mixed movements of refugees and other migrants have\n\n\n10 UNHCR, (2007). _Discussion Paper: Refugee protection and durable solutions in the context of_\n_international migration, UNHCR/DPC/2007/Doc. 02_ . (UNHCR: Geneva)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "blurred the distinction between refugees and migrants in public and political opinion.\nIn addition, refugee movements can over time become secondary, mixed or irregular\nmovements. There has been a recognition that it would be unwise to continue to\nconfine durable solutions to the concept that the mobility of refugees would represent\na failure for local integration processes.\n\n\nBy looking at case studies we may attempt to clarify the role of local integration in\npast, present and future refugee situations. The case studies outlined below are an\nindicative sample, aimed at covering the most significant local integration\nachievements of recent decades.\n\n\n**Africa**\n\n\nAfrica is home to approximately 9,753,000 people of concern to UNHCR in 2007/8. [11]\nIt is a region that has been plagued by armed conflict since the decolonization period\nof the 1960s, and subsequently by civil war and violent ethnic battles. These conflicts,\nin addition to famine and other problems, have resulted in massive refugee\nmovements across, and beyond the continent. Nonetheless, Africa has also shown\nsome of the most open borders and welcoming policies towards refugees anywhere in\nthe world. The case studies for local integration in Africa are numerous, and provide\nsome examples of the benefits of refugee hosting. The success of the local integration\nprogrammes of the past may also provide a valuable opportunity to promote local\nintegration as a durable solution for those currently displaced, especially the millions\ntrapped in protracted refugee situations.\n\n\n_Angola_\n\n\nFor the last 30 years, Angola has hosted a population of over 13,000 DR Congolese\nrefugees who fled the violence of a secessionist movement in 1977. The refugees\nwere given land in non-urban areas to settle and cultivate. They have since attained a\nconsiderable degree of socio-economic integration, and are largely self-sufficient. In a\ncountry where half the population is under the age of 15, the vast majority of\nCongolese refugees have never seen their homeland. They speak Portuguese like the\nlocal population, while only the older refugees know the French they spoke in the\nDRC.\n\n\nIn 2005 the UNHCR reported that \u201cpositive signs came from the authorities for the\nprovision of legally secure local integration possibilities in the form of a permanent\nresidence permit under the Immigration Act or naturalization under the Nationality\nAct.\u201d [12] On 15 February 2006, Angolan authorities made an announcement of their\ncommitment to finalize a local integration policy for the Congolese. They have\nindicated the possibility of residency rights as a prelude to full legal local integration\nfor the 90% of refugees who have indicated they would choose to remain indefinitely\nin Angola. [13]\n\n\n_C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire_\n\n\nLiberians started fleeing to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire in 1989 when civil war in their home\ncountry. At the height of the war, over 400,000 Liberians had fled to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\nand renewed violent conflict caused further population displacement in 1998 and\n\n\n11 UNHCR, (2007). _Protecting Refugees and the Role of UNHCR_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 13.\n12 UNHCR, (2006). _Angola 2005 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 4.\n13 MINARS Survey, 2005. See UNHCR, (2006). _Angola 2005 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR:\nGeneva).\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.9977269768714905, - "start": 65, - "end": 67 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.8597469925880432, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007/8", - "confidence": 0.6221690773963928, - "start": 130, - "end": 133 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5891650319099426, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual Protection Report_", - "confidence": 0.9409582614898682, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8072503209114075, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2001. In contrast to many other low-income host countries, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire has allowed\nrefugees to settle among the local population rather than housing them separately in\ncamps.\n\n\nMany Liberian refugees began to return home in 1996 following a reduction in\nviolence. UNHCR did not begin its organized repatriation programme until 1997,\nhowever. By the end of 2000, 70,500 refugees had been repatriated with UNHCR\nassistance and larger numbers had returned to Liberia of their own accord. [14]\n\n\nThe emphasis of assistance for refugees in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire until 1997 was on care and\nmaintenance rather than local integration. The reduced size of the refugee population\nhas prompted UNHCR to promote the local integration of those Liberians remaining.\nThe smaller number of refugees has meant that available funds have also diminished.\nFurthermore, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire itself has recently been coping with economic decline and\nethnic tensions, thus reducing opportunities to integrate refugees locally.\n\n\nIn 2006, some progress towards local integration was achieved as the Tabou refugee\ntransit centre was closed and its 2,400 Liberian inhabitants were locally integrated in\nnearby villages. The Ivorian government and local officials are also working with\nUNHCR to transition the Nicla refugee camp into an Ivorian village, to be called\nZaaglo, the name of the surrounding community. [15]\n\n\n_Gabon_\n\n\nUntil mid-1999, Gabon was one of a handful of African states that had little\nexperience with refugee influxes. But civil conflict in the neighbouring Republic of\nCongo produced thousands of refugees that poured into Gabon in the second half of\n1999.\n\n\nMost of the Congolese arrivals self-settled within or near existing villages in rural\nareas and some in urban or peri-urban areas. Little assistance was provided by\ninternational relief and aid organizations; there are no formal refugee camps in\nGabon. [16] Ethnic similarities and substantial cross-border interactions facilitated the\nCongolese in settling amongst the local population. Gabonese communities and\nrefugees today share infrastructure such as health services, schools and water\nboreholes. The locals have even adopted some Congolese traditional agricultural\npractices and techniques. [17]\n\n\nDespite a ceasefire, a new constitution and electoral process, voluntary repatriation to\nthe Republic of Congo has been slow and small in scale. Since many refugees are\nreluctant to repatriate, there exists a good opportunity for their local integration.\nAlthough the government has agreed to work out a local integration policy, no actual\nsteps have yet been taken.\n\n\nRefugees are required to carry identity documents, and currently residence permits\nand citizenship can be only acquired through a \u201clong and onerous process\u201d. [18] The\nGovernment of Gabon began issuing identity cards in Libreville in May 2007, making\n\n\n14 Kuhlman, T., (2002). _Responding to protracted refugee situations: A case study of Liberian refugees_\n_in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire_, EPAU Report. (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 12.\n15 Refugees International Bulletin, (2006). _Cote d\u2019Ivoire: Support Local Integration for Liberian_\n_Refugees_, available at < http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/9645/>.\n16 Stone, D. and De Vriese, M., (2004). _Refugee livelihoods: Livelihood strategies and options for_\n_Congolese refugees in Gabon. A case study for possible local integration_ . EPAU Report. (UNHCR,\nGeneva), p. 6.\n17 Ibid., p. 8.\n18 Ibid., p. 9.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "it easier for refugees to gain employment. A micro-credit scheme and a women\u2019s cooperative project have also been set up to promote financial independence, a\nnecessary condition for their full local integration.\n\n\nIt seems that the possibility of local integration for the Congolese has long been on the\nagenda; supportive statements were made by Gabonese officials at the 2003 UNHCR\nExCom meeting in Geneva. [19] The successful local settlement of Chadian refugees in\neastern Gabon provides a further boost to local integration prospects for the\nCongolese, since the former integrated with little assistance from the government. The\nopportunity now exists to capitalize on the possibility of the local integration of the\nremaining Congolese in Gabon.\n\n\n_Guinea_\n\n\nGuinea has hosted a number of refugee populations since the early 1990s. Refugees\nfrom Liberia, C\u00f4te D\u2019Ivoire and Sierra Leone were allowed to settle in local villages\nand given access to local welfare services. Existing local infrastructure was\nrehabilitated and bolstered by international relief and development programs,\nbenefiting both refugee and the host populations.\n\n\nOver 43,000 Liberian refugees have returned to Liberia through facilitated voluntary\nrepatriation; with 5000-6000 remaining in Guin\u00e9e Foresti\u00e8re at the end of assisted\nrepatriation in June 2007. 93,000 Sierra Leoneans opted for repatriation with the\nassistance of UNHCR in 2001-4. [20] For the group of about 1,300 unable or unwilling\nto return, local integration is seen as a possible durable solution. A local assistance\nprogramme has targeted refugees remaining at the old refugee site, in addition to\nthose settled in urban areas.\n\n\nThe prospects for local integration of Sierra Leonean and Liberian refugees in Guinea\nare good. Cultural similarities and common local languages and ethnicities encourage\ncooperation between refugees and the host community. The legal process also looks\npromising; the Guinean Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization\nhas said that refugees would be given a chance to obtain permanent residence and\nnationality, since these \u201crefugees are all citizens of countries of the ECOWAS.\u201d\n\n\nProjects to facilitate local integration include building and rehabilitation of facilities\nsuch as latrines, bathrooms and water points. Environmental protection is also ensured\nthrough tree planting and environmental training. The primary education programme\nhas been also shifted towards the Guinean curriculum to encourage social\nintegration. [21]\n\n\nAbout 200 Sierra Leonean refugees remain on the old site of the Boreah camp and\ncultivate the land. These refugees have received agricultural assistance such as seeds,\ntools and technical expertise. Another 400 refugees opted for integration into urban\nsettings and were given skills training, education and documentation to facilitate\nsustainable urban integration. [22]\n\n\n19 Stone, D. and De Vriese, M., (2004). _Refugee livelihoods: Livelihood strategies and options for_\n_Congolese refugees in Gabon. A case study for possible local integration_ . EPAU Report. (UNHCR,\nGeneva), p. 12.\n20 UNHCR, (2006). _Task Force on Local Integration, Africa Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 29.\n21 Ibid., p. 33.\n22 Ibid., p 31-2.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Liberia_\n\n\nRefugees from Sierra Leone arrived in Liberia in several waves beginning in March\n1991, when civil war broke out across the country. The successive waves of internal\ndisturbances and tensions in Sierra Leone forced some 120,000 refugees to flee to\nLiberia.\n\n\nUNHCR facilitated and promoted voluntary repatriation to Sierra Leone and renewed\ncivil war in Liberia further encouraged tens of thousands of refugees to return to\nSierra Leone. The official close of the voluntary repatriation exercise came in June\n2004, with 3,563 refugees remaining in Liberia, for whom local integration is being\nsought. A survey was taken in October 2006, in which 2,155 refugees participated. Of\nthe respondents, about 69% (1,487) expressed the desire to become naturalized\nLiberian citizens and 31% (668) opted for resident alien status. [23]\n\n\nThe Government of Liberia has expressed its political will to support local integration,\nfor example by the \u201cPact on good neighbourhood, stability and solidarity\u201d between\nthe Mano River Union (Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia). The pact recognised local\nintegration as a durable solution for refugees in the region. Furthermore, the Liberian\nGovernment has agreed to offer land to the refugees to settle and farm. [24]\n\n\nThe Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (LRRRC) in\npartnership with UNHCR held a one day stakeholders\u2019 conference on local integration\nin February 2008. The conference aimed to present a broader perspective about the\ngovernment\u2019s responsibility in the local integration initiative and also to reach a\nconsensus on the way forward. [25]\n\n\n_Namibia_\n\n\nNamibia is host to refugees mainly from Angola, but also houses populations from the\nDRC, Rwanda and Burundi. All Angolans have refugee status while all of the Great\nLakes population are asylum-seekers. The durable solutions available to these\npopulations are also very different, largely due to ethnic and political affinities. [26]\n\n\nAlthough the Government of Namibia has traditionally been sceptical about local\nintegration, recent discussions with UNHCR indicate a potential opening. The\nPermanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs has suggested a local integration pilot project\ntargeting 500 refugees. The Prime Minister has also indicated that he would be open\nto the local integration of the majority of Angolans. He has stipulated, however, that it\nshould not be all of the population, land cannot be given and that significant donor\nfunding would be required. [27]\n\n\n_Sierra Leone_\n\n\nAs well as having massive refugee outflows, Sierra Leone also hosts refugees from\nLiberia. The \u2018old caseload\u2019 of refugees that fled Liberia in the early nineties resides in\neight rural camps. Following the end of UNHCR\u2019s repatriation programme in June\n2007, there remains approximately 6,000 refugees in these camps that will be\nconsidered for local integration.\n\n\n23 UNHCR, (2007). _Liberia 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 23.\n24 Ibid., p. 3.\n25 The Analyst Newspaper, Monrovia (2008). _Liberia: LRRRC, UNHCR Hold Sierra Leonean_\n_Refugees\u2019 Local Integration Confab._ Available at < http://allafrica.com/stories/200802150817.html>.\n26 UNHCR, (2006). _Task Force on Local Integration, Africa Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 26.\n27 Ibid., p. 26.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9147512316703796, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8137829303741455, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Liberia", - "confidence": 0.9272147417068481, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9627701640129089, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9476036429405212, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Government has granted Liberian refugees prima facie recognition and as\nECOWAS citizens, Liberian refugees also have additional rights of entry to and\nresidence in Sierra Leone. Since 2002, UNHCR has been engaged in formulating a\ndraft Refugee Act for the country. Section 8 of the Sierra Leone Citizenship Act may\nalso provide the opportunity for attainment of citizenship to many of the old\ncaseload. [28]\n\n\nAuthorities in Sierra Leone remain amenable to local integration as a durable solution\nfor the Liberian refugees, with certain caveats. The government has clarified the need\nfor resources to come from the international community and also that the approach\nshould be to empower the refugees to be self-reliant. [29] Indeed, authorities in Sierra\nLeone have preferred to use the term \u2018self reliance strategy\u2019 to that of \u2018local\nintegration\u2019 _per se_ .\n\n\nThere also exist restrictions to the local integration process. Sierra Leone remains a\npoor country, and insecurity and corruption are still problems within governmental\nstructures and broader civil society. These issues restrict investor confidence and also\nmake many refugees reluctant to accept local integration as a solution to their plight.\n\n\n_Tanzania_\n\n\nTanzania has been one of the most generous refugee hosting countries in Africa over\nthe last 45 years. During this time, the government has also issued several invitations\nfor the mass naturalization of refugees. Tanzania thus provides a positive example of\nlocal integration and naturalization as a durable solution to refugee situations.\n\n\nIn the 1960s, refugees in Tanzania were naturalized as the country pursued a rural\nvillage settlement scheme, _ujaama_ . While refugee settlements were separate from\nlocal ones, they were well supplied with services. Successes were due largely to the\nattitude and policies of the host government, as Tanzanian leader Julius Nyerere\ntransformed his belief in communal economics and African solidarity into open door\nrefugee policies. From the early 1970s, Tanzania began to respond to the request for\nnaturalization made by increasingly large numbers of Rwandese refugees. In 1981,\napproximately 25,000 Rwandese refugees were granted Tanzanian citizenship. More\nrecently, in 2003, the government offered approximately 3,000 Somali refugees living\nin the Chogo Settlement permanent settlement with the possibility of naturalization.\nThe Government also reduced naturalization fees from US $800 to US$ 50.\n\n\nIn 2007, the government of Tanzania dramatically changed its approach to the\nBurundian refugees that have been living in planned settlements in three regions of\nwestern Tanzania for over 35 years. Authorities have recently expressed willingness\nto consider the naturalization of these \u2018old Caseload\u2019 Burundians. The majority (79\nper cent, 171,600 people) has expressed their wish to become naturalized Tanzanian\ncitizens. [30] The voluntary repatriation of the remaining 21 per cent (45,500 people), to\nrun concurrently with the naturalization, began in March 2008.\n\n\n_Uganda_\n\n\nUganda borders the DRC and Sudan, and there is a long history of forced migration in\nboth directions between the three countries. In 1999, UNHCR and the Government of\nUganda began to implement an assistance strategy aimed at self-reliance for the\n\n\n28 UNHCR, (2007). _Sierra Leone 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 22.\n29 Ibid., p. 21.\n30 See SA3 Team, (2007). _Study of Tanzania\u2019s Old Settlements Hosting the 1972 Refugees from_\n_Burundi_ .\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sudanese refugees who arrived in northern Uganda in 1988. [31] The goal was to\npromote refugee self-sufficiency and also to integrate refugee assistance into national\nsystems of development.\n\n\nThe initial provision of land to refugees in the local settlement scheme enabled them\nto become self-reliant. Uganda allows refugees free access to the employment market,\nincluding the right to sell produce in local markets. Refugees in settlements were\nlimited in their freedom of movement, however. [32] Ugandan authorities have recently\ndrafted a new refugee bill that addresses legal issues like taxation, freedom of\nmovement and employment, which may provide a positive contribution to local\nintegration efforts. The Jesuit Refugee Service runs schools in refugee settlements,\nwhich are attended by refugee and local children. Thus the two groups come into\ncontact and share improved educational services that in turn promote local\ncollaboration, kinship and integration.\n\n\nAn interesting dimension in the case of Uganda is the government\u2019s realistic approach\nto the refugees. Authorities recognized the diminished donor interest in funding a\nprotracted refugee assistance program, and also that self-reliant refugees would cost\nless in food and other support services. Ugandan officials also noted that programs\ntargeting both refugees and locals would encourage support from development\nagencies such as the World Bank and UNDP. The Ugandan example thus provides a\ngood model for local integration, especially in light of progress being made despite\nnational security problems. [33]\n\n\n_Zambia_\n\n\nLarge populations of refugees from Angola, DRC, Burundi and Rwanda currently\nreside in Zambia. The Citizenship of Zambia Act makes it extremely difficult for\nrefugees to become naturalised citizens of Zambia, however. Furthermore, the Act\ndoes not accord citizenship to refugee children born in Zambia. [34] Although there is\ncurrently no legal framework for integration, the government has prepared draft\nlegislation which offers the possibility of naturalization for refugees.\n\n\nThe Zambia Initiative (ZI) is one example of a policy designed to facilitate the local\nintegration of refugees. It has operated in Zambia since 2002 with the aim of meshing\nthe needs of refugees with the long-term development of the host community. The ZI\nhas supported micro-finance schemes such as one that enabled the community to earn\nthree times more money than before the scheme. [35] The project has also supported\nagricultural credit, animal husbandry, construction, and infrastructure development.\n\n\nThe Zambia Initiative has proven to be problematic, however. While the project got\noff to a promising start, the mass repatriation of Angolans in 2002 hampered the\nproject as many refugees left Zambia. Furthermore, in the Western Province, local\ntraditional authorities have indicated their preference for Angolan refugees to return\n\n\n31 Office of the Prime Minister/UNHCR Uganda, (1999). _Strategy Paper: Self Reliance for Refugee_\n_Hosting Areas in Moyo, Arua, and Adjumani Districts, 1999-2005_ .\n32 Section 8 of the Control of Alien Refugees Act (CARA) specifically requires refugees to live in\nsettlements. Also see Dryden-Petersen and Hovil, (2003). \u2018Local integration as a durable solution:\nrefugees, host populations and education in Uganda\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper\nNo.93, (UNHCR: Geneva)\n33 See Refugee Law Project, (2005). \u2018We are all stranded here together: The local settlement system,\nfreedom of movement, and livelihood opportunities in Arua and Moyo districts\u2019, _Refugee Law Project_\n_Working Paper Number 14._ (Kampala, Uganda).\n34 UNHCR, (2007). _Zambia 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 10.\n35 Low, Ana (2006). \u2018Local Integration: a durable solution for refugees?\u2019, _Forced Migration Review 25_,\nMay 2006., p. 64-5.\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "local settlement system", - "confidence": 0.8696607947349548, - "start": 607, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9098920822143555, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Arua and Moyo districts", - "confidence": 0.6316673159599304, - "start": 619, - "end": 623 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.935072660446167, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5653993487358093, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.935335636138916, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "home, rather than integrate locally. Moreover, according to UNHCR, government\nauthorities have also been indicating that the remaining number of Angolan refugees\nis too big for local integration. [36]\n\n\n**The Americas**\n\n\nCentral America was plagued with conflict in the 1970s and 1980s. Violence and\nrepression created a number of refugee movements in the region. The complicating\nfactor in refugee policy in Central America over the last thirty years has been the wide\nspectrum of refugee population types, as well as the combination of refugee influx\nand outflow among the Central American states.\n\n\nOne of the most important developments for refugees in this region was the\nInternational Conference on Central American Refugees (CIREFCA). Its underlying\naim was to find solutions to close the \u2018gap\u2019 between relief and development. The\nConference outlined projects based in various countries of Central America, which\nhad varying degrees of success. The achievements of CIREFCA were largely\nattributable to the strong donor support of the European Community; the EC provided\nUS $110m for CIREFCA projects between 1989 and 1993. [37]\n\n\nLooking at Central America as a region, it can be noted that despite massive forced\ndisplacement, combined with economic migration, an open-door policy was upheld by\nmost countries in the 1970s and 1980s. Furthermore, the welcoming and integration of\ndisplaced people in the 1990s contributed to the overall stability of the region. The\ncase of Guatemalan refugees in Mexico serves as a positive example of local\nintegration for a large population in a protracted refugee situation. This may also set a\nuseful precedent for encouraging other governments that local integration can be a\nsuccessful and beneficial solution for refugees and their hosts.\n\n\n_Belize_\n\n\nThe majority of refugees in Belize came from rural areas of El Salvador and\nGuatemala, as a result of conflict within the two states. Most arrivals to Belize were\nfarmers or farm labourers. In 1982, the Belizean government began to resettle\nrefugees on more than 6,000 hectares of uncleared forest in the upper Belize River\nValley. The project, named the Valley of Peace, was initially funded with\nUS$910,000 from the United Nations. [38]\n\n\nIn Belize the CIREFCA project focused on improving self-reliance and local\nintegration opportunities for refugees by bolstering the Valley of Peace project and\nimproving infrastructure in the Northern Orange Walk and Western Cayo Districts. [39]\nBy 2003, some 300 families had been integrated alongside the Belizeans. Many of the\nrefugees now work in the tourism industry or in local employment and receive social\nservices alongside the Belizean community. [40]\n\n\n36 UNHCR, (2007). _Zambia 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 11.\n37 Betts, A., (2006). \u2018Comprehensive Plans of Action: Insights from CIREFCA and the Indochinese\nCPA\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper No. 120 (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 27.\n38 Collins, Charles O., (1995). \u2018Refugee Resettlement in Belize\u2019, _Geographical Review_, Vol. 85, No. 1.\n(Jan., 1995), pp. 20-30. p. 21.\n39 Betts, A., (2006). \u2018Comprehensive Plans of Action: Insights from CIREFCA and the Indochinese\nCPA\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper No. 120 (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 11.\n40 Ibid., p. 13.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugees qualify for permanent residency after one year of legal stay in Belize. [41] Five\nyears after obtaining permanent residency status, refugees may qualify for Belizean\nnationality. Fees for applying for nationality are BZE$300 (US$150) and BZE$100\n(US$50) for adults and minors respectively. [42] Between 2003 and 2006, a total of 505\nrefugees obtained Belizean nationality and a significant percentage of the remaining\nrefugees have been granted permanent residency.\n\n\nThe NGO _Help for Progress_ has provided legal assistance to refugees for filing\npermanent residence or naturalization applications. Help for Progress reported that\nrefugee men tend to more actively pursue permanent residency and naturalization, due\nto the fact that having such status helps them to access income generating activities. [43]\n\n\n_Costa Rica_\n\n\nCosta Rica hosts some 9,600 recent refugee arrivals from Colombia. In addition,\nCosta Rica has locally integrated thousands of long-staying refugees from El Salvador\nand Nicaragua. International assistance in the early 1990s encouraged the government\nto permit permanent residency for displaced families from El Salvador and Nicaragua\nwishing to remain in the country. This took place after the repatriation process left\nCosta Rica with a relatively small number of residual refugees.\n\n\nA November 1992 government decree expedited the issuance of proper immigration\npapers for refugees. All recognized Central American refugees were offered the\nopportunity to change their immigration status to temporary or permanent resident,\nand were also exempted from paying overdue taxes for immigration procedures. By\n31 May 1995, a total of 10,200 refugees had been granted resident status in Costa\nRica.\n\n\nUNHCR has set up local integration initiatives including a micro-credit program, job\nplacements and income-generating activities. [44] Refugees also have access to a UNDP\nproject called SISBEN (System for Selecting Beneficiaries of Social Expenditures)\nwhich offers assistance to low-income people. The availability of such schemes\nfurther facilitates self-sufficiency and local economic integration of the refugees.\n\n\n_Mexico_\n\n\nBetween 1981 and 1983 approximately 200,000 people fled to Mexico to escape the\nescalating conflict in Guatemala. [45] According to UNHCR, only 46,000 were officially\nregistered and assisted by the UN Refugee Agency.\n\n\nRefugees first arrived in the border region of Chiapas, but in July 1981 the Mexican\nauthorities granted asylum to only 58 of two thousand Guatemalans. The remainder\n\n\n41 Criteria for permanent residency include: 12 months of uninterrupted legal status, presentation of a\nvalid national passport, a reference from a Belizean sponsor, the results of a Belizean police record\nrequest, and the results of tests for HIV and other sexually-transmitted diseases. Fees for the permanent\nresidency application vary by nationality. Fees for Central American nationals are USD $187.50 and\nfees for other nationalities vary, up to USD $500. See UNHCR _Belize 2006 Annual Protection Report_,\np. 7.\n42 UNHCR, (2007). _Belize 2006 Annual Protection Report_, (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 11.\n43 Ibid., p. 11.\n44 UNHCR, (2007). _Costa Rica 2006 Annual Protection Report_, (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 12.\n45 Cheng, C. and Chudoba, J. (2003). \u2018Moving beyond long-term refugee situations:\nThe case of Guatemala\u2019, _New Issues In Refugee Research_, Working Paper No. 86 (UNHCR: Geneva),\np. 9.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "was returned to Guatemala. [46] Gradually, the government changed its position and, in\nNovember 1982, stated that the refugees would be allowed to stay within Mexican\nterritory. The authorities still promoted repatriation at the earliest opportunity,\nhowever.\n\n\nIt soon became clear that the likely protracted nature of the conflict and refugee\nsituation would require durable long-term solutions. In 1984 a decision was made to\nrelocate the Guatemalan refugees to permanent settlements in the sparsely populated\nregion of Yucatan. Although living conditions there were more challenging, the\nsettlements at Campeche and Quintana Roo provided refugees with physical security\nand valuable access to land. Several CIREFCA projects were focused on these areas,\nwhich aided the self-sufficiency and local integration of the refugee population by\nproviding education, health services, access to markets and sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\nBy 1996, the number of Guatemalan refugees had declined significantly as a result of\nrepatriation. As was seen in Costa Rica, with only a small refugee population\nremaining in Mexico, the government began considering making the legal status of\nthe Guatemalan refugees more permanent. This offer was initially extended only to\nrefugees in Campeche and Quintana Roo. In Chiapas, local integration began in 1998.\nSince the Migratory Stabilisation Programme started (in 1996 in Campeche and\nQuintana Roo, 1999 in Chiapas), 9,595 Guatemalan rural refugees have been\nnaturalized (2004 figure). [47] In addition, many refugees have been assisted by\nCOMAR (Mexican Commission for Refugees) to initiate the procedure to obtain\n\u201cinmigrado\u201d (permanent residency) status. UNHCR is currently engaged in a local\nintegration program for urban refugees, to create new options for refugees to integrate\noutside of Mexico City.\n\n\n**Central Asia**\n\n\n_Kyrgyzstan_\n\n\nTajik refugees fled to Kyrgyzstan during the 1992-1997 Tajik Civil War and the\nresulting economic and social collapse. The repatriation programme led by UNHCR\nbegan in 1998. While many have returned, 1,129 still remained in Kyrgyzstan at the\nend of 2006. It is estimated that more than 90% of remaining Tajik refugees are of\nKyrgyz ethnicity and the vast majority have expressed a wish to become naturalized\nKyrgyz citizens. The government of Kyrgyzstan has implemented a simplified\nnaturalization procedure for Tajik refugees, which facilitated the naturalization of\n9,310 persons by the end of 2006. [48]\n\n\nSeveral waves of Afghan refugees entered Kyrgyzstan beginning in the mid-1980s,\nafter the ouster of Communist government. Two further influxes occurred in 1992 and\n1996 as a result of political turmoil and regime change. UNHCR is not aware of any\nrecent cases of Afghan refugees\u2019 naturalisation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Moreover, the\nLaw on Citizenship of the Kyrgyz Republic declares renunciation of the foreign\ncitizenship as a condition to obtain Kyrgyz citizenship for this group. [49] Thus, the\npossibility of local integration and naturalisation is severely limited for Afghan\nrefugees.\n\n\n46 UNRISD, (1987). _Social and Cultural Conditions and Prospects of Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico_,\n(UNRISD, Geneva), p. 21.\n47 UNHCR, (2006). _Costa Rica 2005 Annual Protection Report_, (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 20.\n48 UNHCR, (2007). _Kyrgyz Republic 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 32.\n49 UNHCR, (2006). _Kyrgyz Republic 2005 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 27.\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR is currently engaged in local integration programmes such as vocational\ntrainings, medical insurance, development of women\u2019s centres, computer training and\nRussian and Dari language courses. In cooperation with partners, refugee children are\ngiven the opportunity to attend accelerated education programmes to enable them to\nintegrate in local schools. [50]\n\n\n_Tajikistan_\n\n\nAfghan refugees are also hosted in Tajikistan, where they have enjoyed greater rights\nthan in Kyrgyzstan. The vast majority of Afghan refugees in Tajikistan are ethnic\nTajiks who speak the same language, exercise the same religion and are culturally\nclose to Tajik nationals. [51] These similarities have thus facilitated good relations\nbetween refugees and hosts and in turn contributed to social integration.\n\n\nIn addition, resettlement programs to Canada and the United States since 2004 have\nreduced the number from around 2500 to about 1000, dramatically reducing the\nburden on the host country. [52] These processes have very recently culminated in a\nsignificant show of good will on the part of the Tajikistan government. On 1 [st] April\n2008, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Ant\u00f3nio Guterres and Tajik\nForeign Minister Hamrokhon Zarifi signed a joint communiqu\u00e9 that allows some 1000\nAfghans to apply for citizenship, as well as measures to make them more selfsufficient, [53] an important development for a nationality that has been largely ignored\nby protection initiatives in many other countries.\n\n\n_Turkmenistan_\n\n\nMany refugees also fled to Turkmenistan as a result of the Tajik civil war. The vast\nmajority of Tajik refugees are well integrated in the host nation, largely self-sufficient\nand economically empowered. During the 1990s, the government gave refugees land\nto settle and cultivate and refugee children were allowed to attend and graduate from\nTurkmen schools.\n\n\nOn 20 April 2005, the Government announced its decision to grant citizenship to\nTajik refugees. The major breakthrough for local integration as a durable solution in\nthe region came on 4 August 2005. The Turkmen President adopted two legal acts\ngranting citizenship to 10,158 persons arrived from Tajikistan of Turkmen ethnicity,\nincluding 8,780 registered refugees, and residence permits to 2,341 Tajik refugees of\nother ethnicities. By the end of 2006, 95% eligible refugees had received citizenship\ncertificates and all eligible refugees had been issued residence permits. [54] In addition,\n709 Afghan refugees have received permanent residence permits, although there has\nbeen little or no opportunity for naturalization for this group.\n\n\n**East, South and South-East Asia**\n\n\n_China_\n\n\nAlthough lacking formal Chinese citizenship, the situation of the almost 300,000\nIndo-Chinese refugees in China is one of _de facto_ local integration. The Chinese\n\n\n50 Ibid., p. 28.\n51 UNHCR, (2007). _Tajikistan 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 20.\n52 Ibid., p. 81.\n53 UN News Centre, (April 2008). \u201cTajikistan and UN agency agree on deal to integrate Afghan\nrefugees\u201d. Available at < http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=26179&Cr=tajik&Cr1=>.\n54 UNHCR, (2007). _Turkmenistan 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 62\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government has maintained that full naturalization is not possible until the voluntary\nrepatriation of those who wish to return to Vietnam. [55]\n\n\nThe Indo-Chinese refugees arrived in the early 1980s and were settled in rural and\nurban centres. A shared language and ethnic background smoothed the integration\nprocess with the local community. The Chinese authorities have issued the refugees\nwith identity cards that enable them to generally enjoy the same rights as Chinese\nnationals. Indeed, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Ant\u00f3nio Guterres has said\nthat their experience has been \u201cone of the most successful integration programmes in\nthe world.\u201d [56]\n\n\n_India_\n\n\nIndia has refugee policies that vary dramatically according to the origin and\nbackground of the refugees concerned. A number of Hindu/Sikh Afghan refugees\nhave already been naturalized and a further 7,135 Afghan refugees (84% of the total)\nare now eligible to apply for Indian citizenship. In contrast, Muslim Afghans have\nbeen consistently denied access to naturalization. [57] Ethnic Afghan and Myanmar\nrefugees also find it difficult to integrate due to differences in culture, language and\nreligion. Local integration is not available to refugees of African, Middle Eastern or\nother origin, despite in some instances having been married to Indians. [58]\n\n\nLocal integration through registration and naturalization has been possible for large\nnumbers of Tibetan and Pakistani refugees in India. Sri Lankan refugees living in\ncamps, though integrated in many instances, are not encouraged to apply for\nnaturalization and individual applications are confined to the wealthy.\n\n\n_Malaysia_\n\n\nMore than 57,000 Filipino Muslim refugees currently reside in Malaysia, primarily in\nSabah, having fled fighting between the armed forces of the Philippines and Muslim\ninsurgents in the 1970s. UNHCR assisted them between 1977 and 1987. The\nMalaysian government regards the 57,000 Filipinos as refugees and permits them to\nreside legally. They hold annually renewable passes that allow the refugees to work,\nattend school, and receive basic social and medical services. However, they do not\nhave permanent residence status, and the government must approve their movements\noutside of Sabah on a case-by-case basis. In July 2001, Malaysia announced that it\nhad revoked their refugee status. According to UNHCR, however, the official change\nhas had no practical impact.\n\n\n_Papua New Guinea_\n\n\nPapua New Guinea hosts a few thousand Irian Jayan/West Papuan refugees. Many\nreside at a settlement site at East Awin, near Kuinga in Western Province. In May\n1996, the government introduced a \u2018Limited Integration\u2019 policy for this group. This\nentailed the grant of Permissive Residency Permits (PRPs). The PRPs allowed\nrefugees to continue to live in the settlement or relocate to other areas of the country.\n\n\n55 UNHCR, (2007). _Mainland China 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 1.\n56 UN High Commissioner for Refugees Ant\u00f3nio Guterres on a visit to China in March 2006, according\nto UNHCR News, (2007). \u201cVietnamese refugees well settled in China, await citizenship\u201d, available at\n< http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/464302994.html>.\n57 UNHCR, (2007). _India 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 22.\n58 Ibid., p. 22.\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In 2004, UNHCR was successful in lobbying the government to ensure the issuing of\nPRPs not only to adult male refugees, but to women refugees as well. [59]\n\n\nThe rights of PRP holders are significantly more extensive than those of other\nrefugees. They include free movement within PNG except to and in the border areas,\nengagement in business activities, access to banking facilities, employment, and\nenrolment in schools, access to health services and to courts, freedom of worship,\nmarriage, eligibility for naturalization and freedom to repatriate to Indonesia.\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR, all but approximately 800 Irian Jayans at East Awin had been\ngranted permissive residency by the end of 2002. For a number of years, UNHCR no\nlonger considered permissive residency holders as refugees. However, there have\nbeen a number of problems inherent in the PRP system that UNHCR is\ninvestigating. [60]\n\n\n**Europe**\n\n\n_Armenia_\n\n\nThe dissolution of the Soviet Union was marked by intensive migratory movements.\nSome 360,000 ethnic Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan arrived in Armenia between\n1988 and 1993 as a result of the conflict over the disputed territory of NagornoKarabakh. The persistence of socio-economic conflict and with no resolution in sight,\nlocal integration was viewed as the only available durable solution for this\npopulation. [61]\n\n\nNaturalization became an option for the refugees in 1995 with the enactment of a\ncitizenship law which made the naturalization process more straightforward for this\ngroup. Lack of awareness resulted in initially low naturalization numbers, but an\ninformation campaign was set up in 1999 to better inform refugees of this option.\nAnother incentive for naturalization came after July 2000, as former Soviet passports\ncould no longer be used for travel outside of Armenia. In January 2004, the total\nnumber of naturalizations since 1995 reached 65,000.\n\n\nBesides access to an Armenian passport, naturalization brings a number of additional\nrights to the refugees, including the right to vote in national elections and the right to\nown land. Armenia\u2019s legal provisions give the refugee population almost the same\nbasic rights to refugees as those accorded to citizens. [62 ]\n\n\nAlthough granted substantial legal integration, refugees are constrained by a lack of\neconomic opportunities and general impoverishment. [63] The poor socio-economic\nconditions in Armenia restrict the capacity of the refugees to become self-reliant and\nwhile refugees have access to the national social services, the system is not able to\nadequately meet their needs. [64] The point that naturalization itself does not directly\n\n\n59 UNHCR, (2007). _Papua New Guinea 2006 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 17.\n60 Ibid., p. 18.\n61 See Ghazaryan, Y., (????). _Obstacles to the Integration and Naturalization of Refugees: A Case Study_\n_of Ethnic Armenian Refugees in Armenia_ . (American University of Armenia Department of Political\nScience and International Affairs, Center for Policy Analysis).\n62 UNHCR, (2005). _Armenia 2004 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 23.\n63 Ibid., p. 24.\n64 UNHCR, (2005). _Armenia 2005 Annual Protection Report_ . (UNHCR, Geneva), p. 24.\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "improve the living conditions of refugees has been highlighted by several different\nactors. [65]\n\n\n_Serbia_\n\n\nAlthough many years have passed since the cessation of conflict in the former\nYugoslavia, there are still durable solutions needed for thousands of refugees in\nSerbia. In January 2005, the governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and\nSerbia and Montenegro signed the Sarajevo declaration that sought to resolve the\nrefugee problems of the region. [66]\n\n\nThere has been some progress in local integration in the region. By 2005, some\n143,000 former refugees had acquired Serbian citizenship and identity cards.\nApproximately 50,000 of these were refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and\n93,000 were from Croatia. There still exist challenges to their final and full\nintegration, however. [67]\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nThis paper has outlined local integration initiatives and prospects in a variety of\ncountry settings. What remains to be analyzed are the similarities between the case\nstudies, in order that future opportunities for pursuing this durable solution might best\nbe seized. Further research is required into the conditions necessary for the local\nintegration of refugee populations to become both viable and utilised. [68] This study\nwill hopefully provide a background and starting point for advocacy to contribute to\nthe active promotion of local integration in the future.\n\n\nThese examples represent a range of different circumstances and differing approaches\ntowards, and results of, local integration. In some cases, refugees have attained a\ndegree of self-sufficiency, _de facto_ integration, or even full _de jure_ integration in the\nform of naturalization and citizenship. What is clear is that local integration has\nindeed been pursued and successfully implemented in numerous countries across\nseveral continents. This strongly contradicts claims that local integration is a \u201cnonsolution\u201d that has very rarely been used as a durable solution, as suggested by a\ncouncil of NGOs in 2002. [69] It also demonstrates the latent ability of such a strategy in\nsolving present and future refugee crises.\n\n\nHaving catalogued the use of local integration in refugee settings over the last 50\nyears, it remains to capitalise on its previously undocumented successes and largely\nunrecognized potential. It is apparent that the current policy focus on repatriation is\nnot a viable solution for a large number of refugees today, and resettlement is an\noption available to a very small minority. Therefore, it is logical for local integration\nas to be more widely encouraged and pursued. Protracted refugee situations are in\nparticular need of a fresh and new approach as it is acknowledged that long-term care\n\n65 For example, Ghazaryan, Y.\n66 UNHCR, (2007). _Local Integration of Refugees in Serbia: Law, Practice, Recommendations_ .\n(UNHCR, OSCE, HCIT), p. 3.\n67 UNHCR, (2007). _Local Integration of Refugees in Serbia: Law, Practice, Recommendations_ .\n(UNHCR, OSCE, HCIT), p. 8.\n68 For a good summary of obstacles and conditions necessary for local integration see Jacobsen, K.,\n(2001). \u2018The forgotten solution: local integration for refugees in developing countries\u2019, _New Issues in_\n_Refugee Research_, Working Paper No.45, (UNHCR: Geneva).\n69 NGO Statement on Local Integration Global Consultations on International Protection 22-24 May\n2002. Available at < http://www.icva.ch/doc00000865.html>.\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and-maintenance programmes bring few lasting benefits to host countries, donor\nstates or to refugees themselves. [70]\n\n\nA number of the case studies have shown that as a prelude to naturalization, local\nintegration, local settlement, self-reliance can be an appropriate and viable means of\naddressing the plight of long-term refugees. Thus, the opportunity now exists to\nfurther strengthen the re-emergence of local integration as a multitude of factors\nfacilitate its revival. The international community, donors and host states today hold\nboth the ability and, to an increasing extent, the will to pursue this durable solution for\nthe benefit of millions of across the globe.\n\n\n70 Crisp, J. (2004). \u2018The local integration and local settlement of refugees: a conceptual and historical\nanalysis\u2019, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, Working Paper No.102, (UNHCR: Geneva), p. 1.\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bdc56f6b-5df3-3f49-aa3c-1e3b3f0e0d58/ACE1406068C7302FC1257497004BBAC9-unhcr-jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_224/raw/doc_224_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_224/raw/doc_224_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dfb99abd42b3f6becb1b9ae456000b11f3b3f850..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_224/raw/doc_224_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "a inclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, a trav\u00e9s del acceso al\nmercado laboral, financiero, emprendimientos y\noportunidades econ\u00f3micas, es clave para lograr la\nautosuficiencia y resiliencia de las personas refugiadas\ny solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Estas\npersonas a menudo llegan a Guatemala con pocas\npertenencias materiales, pero traen consigo\nconocimientos, habilidades y experiencias valiosas que\npueden ser aprovechadas en la generaci\u00f3n ingresos\nsostenibles para satisfacer sus necesidades b\u00e1sicas de\nmanera segura, sostenible y digna, evitando la\ndependencia de la ayuda y los mecanismos de\nadaptaci\u00f3n negativos.\n\n\nACNUR Guatemala ha desarrollado una estrategia que\ntiene como objetivo general apoyar la autosuficiencia\nde las personas obligadas a huir de sus pa\u00edses de\norigen en condiciones de seguridad y dignidad,\nbuscando tambi\u00e9n el beneficio de las personas\nvulnerables de sus comunidades de acogida.\nAsimismo, permite visibilizar que las personas que\nbuscaron en Guatemala un lugar en donde RENACER,\nson sujetos de derechos que pueden contribuir de\nmanera positiva a la econom\u00eda, cultura y sociedad\nguatemalteca.\n\n\n\n**Objetivo general:**\nApoyar la autosuficiencia de las personas\nrefugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado.\n\n\n**\u00c1REAS ESTRAT\u00c9GICAS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1.
Fortalecimiento
de la protecci\u00f3n
econ\u00f3mica|2.
Fortalecimiento
del capital
humano|\n|---|---|\n|Acceso a servicios
\ufb01nancieros y no
\ufb01nancieros
**3.**|Fomento del
empleo
**4.**|\n|Fomento del
emprendimiento
**5.**|Articulaci\u00f3n con
sector privado y
academia
**6.**|\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mediante el trabajo cercano y articulado con el gobierno a nivel nacional y\nlocal se ha promovido la inclusi\u00f3n de personas refugiadas y solicitantes de\nla condici\u00f3n de refugiado en programas estatales de medios de vida e\ninclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica. ACNUR utiliza un enfoque integral que incluye apoyo\ndirecto, abogac\u00eda, fortalecimiento de capacidades y asociaciones\nestrat\u00e9gicas para crear un entorno propicio para su autosuficiencia\necon\u00f3mica.\n\n\nEn 2023 ACNUR ha generado sinergias con el Ministerio de Trabajo y\nPrevisi\u00f3n Social -MINTRAB-, el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n -MINEDUC-, el\nConsejo Nacional de la Juventud -CONJUVE-, el Instituto T\u00e9cnico de\nCapacitaci\u00f3n y Productividad -INTECAP-, el Instituto Guatemalteco de\nSeguridad Social -IGSS-, la Superintendencia de Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria\n-SAT-, Municipalidad de Guatemala, Municipalidad de Asunci\u00f3n Mita,\nMunicipalidad de Ayutla, entre otras, para garantizar el acceso al ejercicio\nde derechos y servicios de las personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiados que estas instituciones brindan.\n\n\nprogramas de inclusi\u00f3n la implementaci\u00f3n de la estrategia de\necon\u00f3mica estatales. medios de vida e inclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica.\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACNUR apoy\u00f3 a MINTRAB en el desarrollo de cuatro gu\u00edas de contrataci\u00f3n\nlaboral enfocadas a fortalecer la red de contrataci\u00f3n inclusiva en\nGuatemala abordando los procesos de contrataci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n con\ndiscapacidad; poblaci\u00f3n diversa (j\u00f3venes, ind\u00edgenas, adultos mayores),\npoblaci\u00f3n en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana y poblaci\u00f3n con enfoque de\ng\u00e9nero (mujeres y personas LGBTIQ+). Adem\u00e1s, se desarroll\u00f3 un manual\npara el establecimiento de un sello de contrataci\u00f3n inclusivo dirigido al\nsector privado guatemalteco.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de los procesos de incidencia del ACNUR, la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada\ny solicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado que cuentan con Documento\nPersonal de Identidad Especial -DPI-E- puede afiliarse al IGSS cuando son\nvinculados laboralmente. Esto permite que las personas puedan acceder a\nlos servicios m\u00e9dicos y de protecci\u00f3n social que esta instituci\u00f3n ofrece.\nAsimismo, la poblaci\u00f3n con DPI-E puede obtener su N\u00famero de\nIdentificaci\u00f3n Tributaria -NIT- en la SAT para avanzar en los procesos de\nformalizaci\u00f3n de emprendimientos.\n\n\n###### **Trabajo con gobiernos locales**\n\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s del programa Escuela Taller M\u00f3vil de la\nMunicipalidad de Guatemala se ha avanzado en la\ninclusi\u00f3n de j\u00f3venes refugiados y solicitantes de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado en un espacio donde aprenden\noficios que les permitir\u00e1n generar ingresos sostenibles\npara beneficio propio, haci\u00e9ndolos acreedores de\naprendizajes en diferentes t\u00e9cnicas b\u00e1sicas de\nproducci\u00f3n, distribuci\u00f3n y cambio. Adem\u00e1s, se les\nbrindan conocimientos necesarios, herramientas y\nrecursos para que puedan estudiar una carrera t\u00e9cnica\ny/o continuar con sus estudios en el ciclo b\u00e1sico y\ndiversificado.\n\n\n\nLas mujeres refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado pueden participar de los cursos de\nemprendimiento que ofrece el Centro de Capacitaci\u00f3n\npara Mujeres Emprendedoras de la Regi\u00f3n del Trifinio \u2013\nCECMERT \u2013 en Esquipulas. Este centro de capacitaci\u00f3n\nbrinda a las mujeres refugiadas y guatemaltecas las\nhabilidades y conocimientos necesarios para iniciar y/o\nfortalecer sus propios negocios, lo que les permite\nlograr independencia econ\u00f3mica y autonom\u00eda.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "BOLET\u00cdN MEDIOS DE VIDA E INCLUSI\u00d3N ECON\u00d3MICA - ACNUR GUATEMALA\n\n\nfundamentales. Al invertir en el desarrollo de sus habilidades y capacidades a trav\u00e9s\nde la educaci\u00f3n, la capacitaci\u00f3n laboral y el apoyo al emprendimiento, se empodera a\nlos refugiados y se generan beneficios tanto para ellos como para la sociedad\nguatemalteca.\n\n\nEn 2023, ACNUR ha apoyado a **410** personas en la creaci\u00f3n y fortalecimiento de\nhabilidades para la auto identidad positiva, sentido de prop\u00f3sito, curiosidad, trabajo en\nequipo y comunicaci\u00f3n. Esto mientras participan y crean oportunidades econ\u00f3micas\nque aumentan las posibilidades de empleo, emprendimiento y su inserci\u00f3n\ncomunitaria. Asimismo, **320** personas accedieron a procesos de formaci\u00f3n y\neducaci\u00f3n vocacional y t\u00e9cnica en las \u00e1reas de cocina, finanzas b\u00e1sicas, alfabetizaci\u00f3n\ndigital, tributaci\u00f3n, servicio al cliente, entre otros. Esto les ha permitido mejorar sus\noportunidades laborales y productivas.\n\n\nhabilidades blandas. vocacionales/t\u00e9cnicas certificadas.\n\n**55%** mujeres, **43%** hombres y\n**2%** personas no binarias.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "particip\u00f3 en el programa de\nfortalecimiento de habilidades\nblandas cambi\u00f3 su forma de\npensar; era de las m\u00e1s destacadas\ny termin\u00f3 un curso de educaci\u00f3n\nfinanciera y de alfabetizaci\u00f3n\ndigital. Producto de los procesos\nde capacitaci\u00f3n, realiz\u00f3 su plan de\nvida y con el conocimiento\nobtenido cre\u00f3 \u201cComedor\nMarcelo\u201d. Aplicando sus\nconocimientos su\nemprendimiento genera ingresos\npor encima de un salario m\u00ednimo\nen Guatemala y le da la\noportunidad de invertir en su\nnegocio, permiti\u00e9ndole crecer y\nmejorar sus condiciones de vida.\n\n\n\n**humano**\n\n**320** personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\naccedieron a procesos de capacitaci\u00f3n y educaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica y vocacional\nen INTECAP, instituci\u00f3n formativa que adapt\u00f3 su sistema para la\ninscripci\u00f3n de personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado en eventos de capacitaci\u00f3n. Adicional, las personas que cuentan\ncon habilidades emp\u00edricas en oficios pueden acceder a los eventos de\ncertificaci\u00f3n de competencias laborales de esta instituci\u00f3n para validar y\nreconocer formalmente las habilidades y conocimientos que una persona\nrefugiada ha adquirido a trav\u00e9s de la experiencia laboral, la capacitaci\u00f3n o\neducaci\u00f3n informal.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de los Centros Municipales de Capacitaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Humana\n-CEMUCAF- de los municipios de Guatemala, las personas refugiadas y\nsolicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado han podido acceder a cursos\ncortos de capacitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica laboral (certificados por MINEDUC),\norientados a formar competencias laborales, formaci\u00f3n para el trabajo y\nempresarialidad que impulsan el empleo y el autoempleo.\n\n\n###### **Intervenciones de medios de vida con** **enfoque comunitario**\n\n\n\nEn Huehuetenango, **58** mujeres que forman parte de\nintervenciones de medios de vida con enfoque\ncomunitario han fortalecido sus capacidades y\nhabilidades. A trav\u00e9s de una articulaci\u00f3n cuatripartita\nentre el grupo de mujeres, la Municipalidad de La\nDemocracia, Visi\u00f3n Mundial Guatemala -VMG- y\nACNUR se definieron las \u00e1reas de formaci\u00f3n y\ncapacitaci\u00f3n en habilidades blandas y\nt\u00e9cnico/vocacionales (a trav\u00e9s de INTECAP) para la\ngeneraci\u00f3n de mecanismos de generaci\u00f3n de\ningresos sostenibles que les permita cubrir sus\nnecesidades.\n\n\nEn Ayutla, **20** mujeres refugiadas y solicitantes de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugio, a trav\u00e9s del apoyo de ACNUR,\nse han organizado con el fin de fortalecer sus\n\n\n\nhabilidades y capacidades para generar un\nmecanismo colectivo de generaci\u00f3n de ingresos que\nimpacte sus vidas y las de sus familias. Desde un\nenfoque basado en la comunidad, han avanzado en el\ndesarrollo de capacitaciones en habilidades blandas\nque incluyeron: desarrollo de plan de vida,\nhabilidades de comunicaci\u00f3n, sociales, emocionales y\ncognitivas, entre otras; y habilidades t\u00e9cnicas tales\ncomo: panader\u00eda, reposter\u00eda y cocina b\u00e1sica. Estos\nprocesos formativos, buscan sentar las bases para el\nestablecimiento del emprendimiento colectivo\nMujeres Maravillosas \u201cCREANDO UN FUTURO\nJUNTAS\u201d con el fin de satisfacer sus necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas, contribuir a la comunidad de acogida y\naumentar la autosuficiencia de las participantes.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de sus finanzas personales y familiares.\n\n\nLa promoci\u00f3n y fomento del ahorro permite que las personas planifiquen de\nmanera m\u00e1s efectiva sus metas financieras a mediano y largo plazo. ACNUR\nfomenta el ahorro como una herramienta eficaz de respaldo financiero ante\nimprevistos y como base para inversiones futuras.\n\n\nBanco Industrial, Banrural, G&T\nContinental son los principales\nproveedores de servicios financieros de\n\n\ncuenta bancaria en la condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n2,023.\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Promoviendo** **la educaci\u00f3n** **financiera**\n\n\n##### **inclusi\u00f3n financiera**\n\nPro-Mujer es una instituci\u00f3n microfinanciera que apoya\nprincipalmente a mujeres en Guatemala para mejorar sus\ncondiciones de vida y convertirse en agentes de cambio para sus\ncomunidades. Opera mediante un modelo integral que busca\nampliar el acceso de sus clientes a servicios de salud y bienestar\ngeneral a la vez que promueve la inclusi\u00f3n financiera y\ncapacitaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn 2023, ACNUR formaliz\u00f3 una alianza con ProMujer para pro\nmover el empoderamiento econ\u00f3mico de las personas refugiadas\ny solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en Guatemala. Los\nmicrocr\u00e9ditos productivos brindar\u00e1n acceso a capital para iniciar o\nexpandir los negocios liderados por personas refugiadas para\ngenerar ingresos y medios de vida sostenibles.\n\n\nEn 2023, ACNUR e INTECAP desarrollaron un evento de\ncapacitaci\u00f3n de **120** horas enfocado en la educaci\u00f3n financiera\nb\u00e1sica para poblaci\u00f3n vulnerable que ahora forma parte de la\noferta formativa institucional en INTECAP. Producto de esta\nalianza, **128** personas finalizaron sus procesos de educaci\u00f3n\nfinanciera b\u00e1sica.\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "oportunidad de empleo.\n\n\n\npersonas refugiadas en\nsu fuerza laboral.\n\n\n\ncuales laboran los trabajadores\nrefugiados.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "presentaba. En 2023 inici\u00f3 un\nproceso de fortalecimiento de su\nperfil laboral con VMG y fue\nvinculada a una entrevista de\ntrabajo en la empresa de\nservicios de seguridad CASSESA,\nen donde pudo demostrar sus\nhabilidades y capacidades,\npermiti\u00e9ndole acceder a un\nempleo digno.\n\n\n##### **la empleabilidad**\n\nEn 2023 ACNUR y sus organizaciones socias, trabajaron en un proceso de\nacompa\u00f1amiento y orientaci\u00f3n laboral que fortaleci\u00f3 los perfiles laborales\nde las personas participantes, mostrando una mejora considerable en la\nempleabilidad de los participantes en los procesos. Esto se tradujo en el\naumento del inter\u00e9s de empresas del sector privado **(61)** para insertar\npersonas dentro de sus planillas de empleados. Se destaca el inter\u00e9s de\nempresas en el sector hotelero (32%), restaurantes (18%) y comercio o\nventas (9%), las cuales vincularon el 59% del total de personas a un\nempleo, permitiendo que puedan cubrir sus necesidades b\u00e1sicas, mejorar\nsus habilidades y capacidades y adquirir experiencia laboral relevante.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n, **27** personas tuvieron la oportunidad de desarrollar un proceso\nde aprendizaje basado en el trabajo, adquiriendo experiencia laboral que\nles ha permitido fortalecer sus perfiles laborales..\n\n\n###### **Intermediaci\u00f3n laboral**\n\n\n\nACNUR y sus organizaciones socias desarrollaron\nprocesos de asesor\u00eda y orientaci\u00f3n laboral a m\u00e1s de **193**\npersonas que forman parte del programa de\nempleabilidad, el cual incluye los procesos de: apoyo\nen tr\u00e1mite de documentaci\u00f3n para el trabajo, desarrollo\nde curr\u00edculum vitae, gesti\u00f3n de permiso de trabajo,\naplicaci\u00f3n de pruebas psicom\u00e9tricas y pol\u00edgrafo y\nt\u00e9cnicas de entrevista. Esto facilita los procesos de\nintermediaci\u00f3n y vinculaci\u00f3n laboral y ampl\u00eda las\noportunidades de las personas para acceder a vacantes\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\nlaborales, tanto de forma directa como a trav\u00e9s de las\nferias de empleo - desayunos empresariales\ncoordinadas a nivel local con delegaciones\ndepartamentales de MINTRAB y Municipalidades.\nDurante el 2023 se desarrollaron 7 ferias de empleo\napoyadas d\u00f3nde m\u00e1s de **100** personas refugiadas y\nsolicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado accedieron a\nprocesos de aplicaci\u00f3n con diferentes empresas\nparticipantes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "organizaciones socias, establecieron una ruta de emprendimiento, la cual detalla una serie\nde pasos a seguir para el establecimiento y creaci\u00f3n de emprendimientos sostenibles. Esto\ni n c luy e el apoyo en: capacitaciones para creaci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n de negocios,\ndesarrollo de ferias de emprendimiento, formaciones t\u00e9cnicas y para el emprendimiento,\nasistencia t\u00e9cnica y acompa\u00f1amiento y seguimiento empresarial cercano.\n\n\n\nEl desarrollo de un proceso estructurado, ordenado y enmarcado en una ruta contribuy\u00f3 al\nfortalecimiento de los perfiles de las personas orientadas al emprendimiento, proceso en el\nque se apoy\u00f3 a **92** personas con capital semilla y grants de fortalecimiento productivo (a\ntrav\u00e9s de intervenciones basadas en efectivo) para el desarrollo y/o fortalecimiento de sus\nemprendimientos, permitiendo cubrir las necesidades b\u00e1sicas de las familias participantes.\nLos emprendimientos se encuentran distribuidos en **33** de los 9 departamentos municipios\nen d\u00f3nde se realizan intervenciones de medios de vida en Guatemala.\n\n\n# 267 personas participando\n\n\n# 61 capitales semilla\n\nentregados.\n\n\n\nproductivo entregados.\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Emprendedores refugiados. Foto: \u00a9 UNHCR/ Victor S\u00e1nchez Mej\u00eda.\n\nEl **66%** de los emprendimientos\napoyados durante el 2023\nfueron liderados por mujeres.\nACNUR y sus organizaciones\nsocias reconocen el valioso\npapel de las mujeres en la\neconom\u00eda local y la importancia\nde seguir invirtiendo en las\nmujeres refugiadas y solicitantes\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\npara acelerar sus procesos de\nintegraci\u00f3n local. Rosy, una\nrefugiada de 46 a\u00f1os, gracias al\napoyo recibido durante 2,023\nlogr\u00f3 triplicar sus ganancias\nmensuales, siendo un claro\nejemplo de la capacidad de\nreinventarse para generar\nmedios de vida sostenibles\n\u201cPlantando vida\u201d para renacer en\nGuatemala.\n\n\n##### **intervenciones** **de emprendimiento**\n\nCon el fin de medir el impacto de las intervenciones de medios de vida,\ndurante 2023 se utiliz\u00f3 el \u00cdndice de Autosuficiencia para medir el progreso\nde los hogares de personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado en cuanto a su capacidad para poder cubrir necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas sin dependencia de apoyo o asistencia. Esta herramienta mide la\nautosuficiencia de las personas en una escala de 1 a 5, donde 1 significa\nmenor capacidad de cubrir necesidades b\u00e1sicas y necesita de mayor\nasistencia, y 5 es mayor autosuficiencia y menor necesidad de asistencia.\n\n\nLos resultados en 2023, arrojaron un promedio de **3.37** puntos para la\ntoma inicial (l\u00ednea de base) y de **3.79** puntos para la toma final (l\u00ednea final),\ncon un incremento de 0.42 puntos, mostrando as\u00ed que las intervenciones\nde medios de vida tuvieron, en promedio, un impacto positivo en los\nhogares, mejorando su capacidad para satisfacer sus necesidades a trav\u00e9s\ndel fortalecimiento de sus mecanismos de generaci\u00f3n de ingresos.\n\n\n###### **Empoderamiento en acci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\nLos emprendimientos como mecanismo de\ngeneraci\u00f3n de ingresos juegan un papel\nimportante en la integraci\u00f3n local y en la\nreconstrucci\u00f3n del plan de vida de la poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y solicitante de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado. ACNUR y sus organizaciones socias\nhan apoyado a las personas que forman parte\ndel programa de medios de vida con perfiles\npara el emprendimiento en el establecimiento\nde negocios personales y familiares, en d\u00f3nde\n\n\n\nponen en pr\u00e1ctica la experiencia adquirida en\nsus pa\u00edses de origen atendiendo las\nnecesidades del mercado. Durante este\nproceso se busca que las personas se\nempoderen de sus procesos y participen\nactivamente en la generaci\u00f3n de un plan de\nnegocio, delimitaci\u00f3n de p\u00fablico objetivo,\nproductos y precios, esto a trav\u00e9s de la asesor\u00eda\nt\u00e9cnica especializada, capacitaci\u00f3n empresarial\ny el acompa\u00f1amiento constante.\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La articulaci\u00f3n con el sector privado y academia, a trav\u00e9s de sus acciones de responsabilidad\nsocial, es clave para avanzar en la integraci\u00f3n local de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y solicitante\nReconociendo la importancia de desarrollar procesos articulados con estos sectores, ACNUR, a\ntrav\u00e9s de su socio, VMG desarroll\u00f3 un proyecto piloto de \u201cbranding empresarial\u201d con el apoyo de\nestudiantes de \u00faltimo a\u00f1o de la Licenciatura en Dise\u00f1o e Innovaci\u00f3n de la **Universidad del Valle**\n**de Guatemala** . Aqu\u00ed, **12** emprendedores de Guatemala y Jutiapa fueron apoyados con la\nelaboraci\u00f3n de identidad corporativa, prototipado de materiales de marketing y comercializaci\u00f3n\ny dise\u00f1o de empaques para mejorar la presentaci\u00f3n de sus productos.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, se alcanzaron importantes acuerdos con el Centro Universitario de Oriente -CUNORI- y\nCentro Universitario de Izabal -CUNIZAB-, con el fin de fortalecer capacidades y destrezas en los\nparticipantes del programa de medios de vida, a trav\u00e9s de la transferencia de conocimientos.\n\n\n# **64**\n\n\n\nactores del sector privado y academia participan en la\nimplementaci\u00f3n de la estrategia de medios de vida e\ninclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica a nivel nacional.\n\n\n\nY un total de participaron en reuniones de\n**192**\nsensibilizaci\u00f3n y socializaci\u00f3n del programa de\nmedios de vida.\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "BOLET\u00cdN MEDIOS DE VIBOLET\u00cdN MEDIOS **D** A E INCLUSI\u00d3N ECON\u00d3E VIDA - ACNUR GUATE **M** ALA - ENERO - JUNIO 2024.ICA - ACNUR GUATEMALA\n\n##### **Iniciativa de** **contrataci\u00f3n inclusiva**\n\n\n\nEmpresas inclusivas. Foto: \u00a9 UNHCR/ Victor S\u00e1nchez Mej\u00eda.\n\n\nEn noviembre 2,023 CentraRSE\nbrind\u00f3 a ACNUR un reconocimiento\npor su apoyo en el desarrollo de la\n4ta edici\u00f3n del evento\n\u201cReconocimiento Empresa Inclusiva\u201d,\nafirmando ambas partes su\ncompromiso de continuar con la\npromoci\u00f3n de procesos de inclusi\u00f3n\nlaboral para grupos en situaci\u00f3n de\nvulnerabilidad en Guatemala,\ntrabajando juntos por la inclusi\u00f3n a\ntrav\u00e9s de la socializaci\u00f3n del\nprograma de contrataci\u00f3n inclusiva\nde forma tripartita con MINTRAB.\n\n\n\nDurante 2023, la Unidad de\nMedios de Vida e Inclusi\u00f3n\nEc\u00f3nomica del ACNUR\narticul\u00f3 acciones con el\nCentro para la Acci\u00f3n de la\nResponsabilidad Social\nEmpresarial en Guatemala\n-CentraRSE-, organizaci\u00f3n\naglutina m\u00e1s de 200\nempresas del sector\nprivado, con el fin de\nsensibilizar y promover la\nvinculaci\u00f3n de empresas a\nuna iniciativa de\ncontrataci\u00f3n inclusiva\ndirigida a grupos\nvulnerables, con un\nenfoque de poblaci\u00f3n en\nmovilidad humana.\n\n\n\nLanzamiento mesas de inclusi\u00f3n laboral.\n\n\n\nMediante una articulaci\u00f3n tripartita CentraRSE-MINTRAB-ACNUR, se\nestablecieron mesas de contrataci\u00f3n inclusiva y derechos humanos.\nAdem\u00e1s, se desarrollaron una serie de 5 eventos para discutir a lo largo de\n3 meses las mejores pr\u00e1cticas de inclusi\u00f3n laboral del pa\u00eds y en donde la\ncontrataci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana (refugiados y\nsolicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado) fue puesta sobre la mesa para\nidentificar las oportunidades y retos para que esta poblaci\u00f3n pueda ser\ncolaboradora de las m\u00e1s de 35 empresa que participaron de los espacios.\n###### **Resultados destacados**\n\nEn 2023, los diferentes esfuerzos de socializaci\u00f3n y sensibilizaci\u00f3n de las instituciones socias a\nnivel local permitieron que a trav\u00e9s de encuentros empresariales dirigidos a sector privado, en los\n09 departamentos de intervenci\u00f3n, m\u00e1s de **200** empresas de diferentes sectores econ\u00f3micos\nconocieran el programa de empleabilidad impulsado por el ACNUR y **61** empresas decidieran\nsumarse en los esfuerzos por incluir personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nen procesos de pasant\u00eda o inclusi\u00f3n laboral directa.\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados, est\u00e1 agradecida por el apoyo de:\n\n\nDonantes privados en Alemania l Australia l Rep\u00fablica de Corea l Espa\u00f1a l Estados Unidos l Italia l Jap\u00f3n l Reino Unido l Suecia\n\n\nActualizado a marzo 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abb1f3d0-f23a-4d81-8c67-62ca4e5f2663/ACNUR%20Guatemala%20-%20Bolet%C3%ADn%20-%20Medios%20de%20vida%20e%20inclusi%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20%28Resumen%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_225/raw/doc_225_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_225/raw/doc_225_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cb98724bbe56366fb4ad596c0d40736c8e60f357..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_225/raw/doc_225_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **ACNUR EN** **EL SALVADOR**\n\nACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados, tiene\npresencia en El Salvador desde la d\u00e9cada de 1970 para apoyar a\nlas personas forzadas a huir debido a la guerra, la persecuci\u00f3n y\nla violencia. En colaboraci\u00f3n con las comunidades, instituciones\nnacionales, organizaciones nacionales e internacionales, as\u00ed\ncomo con el sector privado, ACNUR trabaja por la protecci\u00f3n, la\nrespuesta a las necesidades, el empoderamiento y la b\u00fasqueda\nde oportunidades de integraci\u00f3n y soluciones para personas\nrefugiadas, solicitantes de asilo y desplazadas internamente.\nEste documento hist\u00f3rico recoge la trayectoria de ACNUR en\nEl Salvador, destacando esfuerzos y logros durante cuatro\nd\u00e9cadas en favor de las personas forzadas a huir.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**02** **ACNUR en El Salvador**\n\n\n**1970-1980:** ACNUR comienza su labor en la regi\u00f3n\n\n\n\nEn la d\u00e9cada de 1970, ACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los\nRefugiados, comenz\u00f3 su labor de protecci\u00f3n y asistencia\nhumanitaria a personas forzadas a huir por los conflictos\narmados en los pa\u00edses de Centroam\u00e9rica, bajo el mandato\nglobal dado por el Protocolo sobre el Estatuto de Refugiados\nde 1967.\n\n\nEl inicio del conflicto armado en El Salvador en la d\u00e9cada de\n1980, provoc\u00f3 la huida de sus hogares de personas\n\n\n\ninternacionales al proceso de ratificaci\u00f3n en la Asamblea\nLegislativa. Lo cual se confirm\u00f3 en 1983, mediante el Decreto\nLegislativo N\u00ba 167, de fecha 22 de febrero de 1983, publicado\nen el Diario Oficial N\u00ba 46, Tomo 278, del 7 de marzo de 1983.\n\n\nLa ratificaci\u00f3n de los instrumentos rectores en materia de\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional y refugio permiti\u00f3 orientar los\nesfuerzos desde la gesti\u00f3n p\u00fablica y marc\u00f3 el inicio de las\nrelaciones entre ACNUR y el Estado de El Salvador.\n\n\n\nACNUR brind\u00f3 acompa\u00f1amiento en los campamentos de personas refugiadas de El Salvador en Colomoncagua y San Antonio en\nIntibuc\u00e1, La Virtud en Lempira, y Mesa Grande en San Marcos de Ocotepeque, todos ellos en Honduras. Adem\u00e1s, ACNUR apoy\u00f3\npara que refugiados salvadore\u00f1os pudiesen recibir protecci\u00f3n internacional en otros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n o en algunos m\u00e1s\nremotos, como Canad\u00e1 y Australia. **A finales de 1980, ACNUR apoy\u00f3 a 80,000 salvadore\u00f1os refugiados fuera del pa\u00eds.**\n\n\nLas personas refugiadas salvadore\u00f1as instaladas en Honduras eran originarias, principalmente, de los departamentos de\nChalatenango, Cuscatl\u00e1n, Caba\u00f1as, Moraz\u00e1n, San Vicente y Usulut\u00e1n. Durante ese proceso de respuesta humanitaria en los\ncampamentos de refugiados, distintos actores coordinaron esfuerzos con ACNUR, como M\u00e9dicos Sin Fronteras y C\u00e1ritas.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**03** **ACNUR en El Salvador**\n\n\n**1987:** ACNUR apoy\u00f3 la operaci\u00f3n de repatriaci\u00f3n\n\n\nA partir de 1987, ACNUR apoy\u00f3 la repatriaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de\n32,000 refugiados salvadore\u00f1os con asistencia para su\nregreso al pa\u00eds. Las comunidades de acogida en El Salvador\nincluyeron en Santa Marta en Caba\u00f1as, Las Vueltas y Guarjila\nen Chalatenango, Copapayo en Cuscatl\u00e1n y en Moraz\u00e1n. En un\ncontexto de conflicto armado, ACNUR reafirm\u00f3 su rol de\nprotecci\u00f3n para estas poblaciones a fin de contribuir al retorno\nseguro informado y voluntario a su pa\u00eds.\n\n\nLas repatriaciones comenzaron antes del fin del conflicto\narmado y continuaron tras la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz de\n1992. Para facilitar el proceso, ACNUR abri\u00f3 una oficina en\nEl Salvador en 1988.\n\n\n - El Salvador, 1987.\n\n\n**1990-2000:** Soluciones duraderas\n\n\n\nA partir de 1993, ACNUR ampli\u00f3 su apoyo a los procesos de\nrepatriaci\u00f3n de salvadore\u00f1os desde otros pa\u00edses en la regi\u00f3n,\nm\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Honduras. Ello, con el firme compromiso de los\ndirigentes de Centroam\u00e9rica, quienes, en 1989, suscribieron la\n\n\n\nCIREFCA se convirti\u00f3 en un plan de cinco a\u00f1os (1989 \u2013 1994)\npara encontrar soluciones centradas en: soluciones duraderas\nen la construcci\u00f3n de paz, respetar el derecho de refugiados\nal retorno voluntario, inclusi\u00f3n de refugiados en comunidades\nde acogida cuando no hab\u00eda posibilidades de repatriaci\u00f3n, y\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1992-1994:** Proceso de consolidaci\u00f3n de la paz\n\n\n\nACNUR contribuy\u00f3 al proceso de consolidaci\u00f3n de la paz tras\nel conflicto armado en el pa\u00eds. Inicialmente, el mandato de\nACNUR conclu\u00eda con la reintegraci\u00f3n de las poblaciones\nretornadas. Sin embargo, con el establecimiento de la Misi\u00f3n\nde Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en El Salvador\n(ONUSAL), que acompa\u00f1aba al Estado salvadore\u00f1o en la\nimplementaci\u00f3n de los Acuerdos de Paz, la operaci\u00f3n de\nACNUR en el pa\u00eds comenz\u00f3 a reducirse.\n\n\nConsiderando su experiencia terriorial, ACNUR continu\u00f3\n\n\n\nEn ese sentido, ACNUR dirigi\u00f3 una acci\u00f3n conjunta enfocada\nen restablecer la base de datos central del pa\u00eds, **reconstruir**\n**registros municipales destruidos en la guerra, y expedir**\n**partidas de nacimiento, as\u00ed como c\u00e9dulas de identificaci\u00f3n**\n**personal.**\n\n\nTales actividades fueron iniciadas por ACNUR en 1987\ncentradas en los repatriados que regresaban a El Salvador, y\nfueron ampliadas en 1992 para incluir a todos los\nsalvadore\u00f1os sin documentaci\u00f3n. Gracias a ello, salvadore\u00f1os\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**05** **ACNUR en El Salvador**\n\n\n**1995-1998:** Fortalecimiento de capacidades institucionales\n\n\n\nA partir de 1995, y finalizada la labor de repatriaci\u00f3n, ACNUR\nen distintos pa\u00edses empez\u00f3 un trabajo de fortalecimiento de\nlas capacidades de las instituciones nacionales garantes de\nderechos humanos. En ese mismo a\u00f1o, la Oficina Regional de\nACNUR inici\u00f3 una colaboraci\u00f3n para la **promoci\u00f3n de la**\n**normativa internacional de protecci\u00f3n de refugiados con el**\n**Consejo Centroamericano de Procuradores de Derechos**\n**Humanos** . En 1996, ACNUR en El Salvador empez\u00f3 un trabajo\ncon la reci\u00e9n establecida Procuradur\u00eda para la Defensa de los\nDerechos Humanos (PDDH), con el objetivo de promover la\nprotecci\u00f3n de los repatriados y desplazados internos, bajo el\nlineamiento de la Oficina Regional de ACNUR con sede en\nCosta Rica en ese momento.\n\n\nFinalizada la misi\u00f3n de ONUSAL en El Salvador, se establece\nMINUSAL, una peque\u00f1a delegaci\u00f3n de la ONU para asegurar\nla conclusi\u00f3n de los acuerdos finales del proceso de paz. Del\nmismo modo, en 1995, las actividades apoyadas por ACNUR se\n\n\n\ndel PNUD, que ten\u00eda como mandato acompa\u00f1ar a\nEl Salvador en su reconstrucci\u00f3n socio-econ\u00f3mica hacia el\ndesarrollo tras el conflicto armado. Para ACNUR, uno de los\nasuntos prioritarios tras el conflicto fue **acompa\u00f1ar al Estado**\n**en lo vinculado al reparto de tierras**, uno de los detonantes\ndel estadillo social. Disputas de propiedad con la llegada de\ndesplazados internos y repatriados se exacerbaron, lo que\nmotiv\u00f3 para el establecimiento de MINUSAL. Esto, junto al\nfortalecimiento de la PDDH, fue una de las razones que\nhicieron que ACNUR permaneciera en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nCon el cierre de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la\nVerificaci\u00f3n en El Salvador en 1997, el acompa\u00f1amiento de\nincidencia de ACNUR se centr\u00f3 en fortalecer el di\u00e1logo\ninteragencial y en las \u00faltimas acciones de **acompa\u00f1amiento**\n**en la implementaci\u00f3n de los Acuerdos de Paz** . ACNUR cerr\u00f3\nsu oficina en el pa\u00eds en 1998, y su cooperaci\u00f3n con el Estado\nsalvadore\u00f1o continu\u00f3 desde una oficina regional.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**06** **ACNUR en El Salvador**\n\n\n**2002:** Ley para la Determinaci\u00f3n de la Condici\u00f3n de\n\n\nde El Salvador.\n\n\nen esos a\u00f1os.\n\n\nACNUR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**08** **ACNUR en El Salvador**\n\n\n**A d\u00eda de hoy,**\n\nEn 2024, ACNUR contin\u00faa brindando apoyo y asistencia t\u00e9cnica al Estado salvadore\u00f1o en el fortalecimiento de la respuesta\nhumanitaria y de protecci\u00f3n a personas desplazadas y refugiadas, enfoc\u00e1ndose en la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones y la prevenci\u00f3n del\ndesplazamiento. Con presencia en m\u00e1s de 40 comunidades, trabajamos de la mano con el gobierno central y gobiernos locales,\norganizaciones socias, la sociedad civil, la academia y las propias comunidades para fortalecer sus estructuras y procesos.\nNuestro apoyo incluye acceso a programas de medios de vida, asistencia legal y psicol\u00f3gica, procesos de naturalizaci\u00f3n,\nprevenci\u00f3n de la violencia de g\u00e9nero, protecci\u00f3n a la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia, deporte comunitario, asistencia humanitaria,\nurbanismo t\u00e1ctico, restituci\u00f3n de vivienda y propiedad, atenci\u00f3n a emergencias y medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico,\nentre otros.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de este trabajo, reconocemos y promovemos la resiliencia y capacidades de las comunidades, apoy\u00e1ndolas en la\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **L\u00cdNEA DE TIEMPO** **CON HITOS CLAVES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**11** **Acnur en El SalvadorACNUR en El Salvador01**\n\n\n**Bibliograf\u00eda**\n\n\nAgencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID). (1985). \u201cEncuesta de base de la poblaci\u00f3n\ndesplazada\u201d. Contracting Corporation of America. San Salvador, El Salvador.\n\n\nBranigin, W. (October 11, 1987). \u201cThousands of Refugees Return to El Salvador\u201d.\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/10/11/thousands-of-refugees-return-to-el-salvador/f6b59f07-c8ba4630-a4a4-454fcb7c58fa/\n\n\nDiario Oficial de la Rep\u00fablica de El Salvador. (7 de marzo de 1983). Acuerdo Ejecutivo N\u00ba 523 del Ministerio de Relaciones\nExteriores; y Decreto N\u00ba 167 de la Asamblea Constituyente. Tomo 278, n\u00famero 46.\n\n\nInstituto de Derechos Humanos de la UCA (IDHUCA), Universidad Centroamericana Jos\u00e9 Sime\u00f3n Ca\u00f1as (UCA). (1989).\n\u201cRefugiados y repatriados, El Salvador y Honduras\u201d. Departamento de Sociolog\u00eda y Ciencias Pol\u00edticas. San Salvador, El\nSalvador.\n\n\nM\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF). (1988). \u201cSalvadoran Refugee Camps in Honduras\u201d. The MSF Speaking Out Case Studies.\n\n\nUNHCR. (March 15, 2016). \u201cUNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of\nAsylum-Seekers from El Salvador\u201d. HCR/EG/SLV/16/01. https://www.refworld.org/docid/56e706e94.html\n\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n de los Estados Americanos (1993) \u201cInforme Anual por la Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos\u201d\nbase (oas.org)\n\n\nNaciones Unidas (1995) \u201cLas Naciones Unidas y El Salvador 1990-1995\u201d\n\n\nUNCHR (1996) \u201cCarta de Entendimiento entre el Alto Comisionado de la Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados y la\nProcuradur\u00eda para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos\u201d Microsoft Word - 2890.doc (acnur.org)\n\n\nUNHCR (1997) \u201cReview of UNHCR\u00b4s Phase-Out Strategies: Case Studies in Selected Countries of Origin\u201d Review of\nUNHCR's Phase-Out Strategies: Case Studies in Selected Countries of Origin | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1988 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1988 | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1982 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1980 Refworld | Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\n\nReport on UNHCR Assistance Activities in 1979 \u2013 1980 and Proposed Voluntary Funds Programmes and Budget for 1981\nA_AC-96_577-EN.pdf\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1986 Addendum to the Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1983 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1990 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1990 | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Report, 1981 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR Global Report, 2015 A d\u00eda de hoy, en 2023, ACNUR contin\u00faa brindando apoyo y asistencia t\u00e9cnica al Estado\nsalvadore\u00f1o en su fortalecimiento de la respuesta humanitaria y de protecci\u00f3n a poblaci\u00f3n desplazada, en la b\u00fasqueda\nde soluciones y en la prevenci\u00f3n al desplazamiento.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ACNUR EN** **EL SALVADOR**\n###### **Cuatro d\u00e9cadas trabajando en** **El Salvador en favor de las** **personas forzadas a huir.**\n\n**Octubre** 2024\n\n\nACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados,\nagradece el apoyo en 2024 de:\n\n\nDonantes privados: Australia for UNHCR | Espa\u00f1a con ACNUR | Japan for UNHCR\nDonantes Privados en Italia | Donantes Privados en la Rep\u00fablica de Corea\n\n\n**Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, favor de contactar a:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9075c2bc-10bc-4d57-b890-02a4632db033/ACNUR%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20Cuatro%20d%C3%A9cadas%20trabajando%20en%20El%20Salvador%20en%20favor%20de%20las%20personas%20forzadas%20a%20huir%20%28octubre%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_226/raw/doc_226_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_226/raw/doc_226_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d99c23e578baac83e9db14c26e20bbd3936e89b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_226/raw/doc_226_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,271 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n##### **Contexto de la Situaci\u00f3n**\n\nLa regi\u00f3n de Madre de Dios se encuentra en el sureste del Per\u00fa, en un punto estrat\u00e9gico, ya que en la provincia de Tahuamanu se ubica en la\nfrontera llamada **\"trinacional** \" conformada por **Per\u00fa, Brasil y Bolivia** . El norte de la regi\u00f3n limita con Brasil, compar\ufffdendo el r\u00edo Acre, y el este\ncon Bolivia. Existe una sola carretera, la **Interoce\u00e1nica,** la cual conecta a Per\u00fa y Brasil.\n\n\nEn esta regi\u00f3n, la **miner\u00eda formal, informal e ilegal** son ac\ufffdvidades muy explotadas y una gran parte de los habitantes se dedican a ella. Esta\ns\u00fal\ufffdmas, traen consigo incidencias delic\ufffdvas tales como el **narcotr\u00e1fico y la trata de personas con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y laboral.** Esto\nrepresenta un gran riesgo para personas refugiadas y migrantes sin documentaci\u00f3n ni redes de apoyo. A esto, se suman dificultades\ngeogr\u00e1ficas ligadas a fen\u00f3menos naturales y cambios clim\u00e1\ufffdcos, como el aumento del cauce del rio **Acre y Yaverija**, el cual afecta a la\ncomunidad local y personas en tr\u00e1nsito. Este a\u00f1o las **protestas nacionales** impactaron social y econ\u00f3micamente a la regi\u00f3n hasta el mes de\nfebrero, impidiendo la conec\ufffdvidad vial entre I\u00f1apari y Puerto Maldonado y limitando la ac\ufffdvidad de monitoreo de frontera. En la frontera\nnorte colindan las localidades de **I\u00f1apari** (Per\u00fa) y **Assis** (Brasil), por donde existe un flujo constante de personas en tr\u00e1nsito de diversas\nnacionalidades como la **venezolana, cubana,hai\ufffdana, afgana, india, banglades\u00ed, angolana, entre otras.**\n\n##### **Metodolog\u00eda**\n\nEl levantamiento de informaci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 entre el 01 de abril y el 16 de junio del 2023 en la regi\u00f3n de Madre de Dios, cerca del cruce\n\n.\n\nfronterizo entre Per\u00fa y Brasil, siendo liderado por el equipo en terreno de C\u00e1ritas Madre de Dios. Los resultados compar\ufffddos a trav\u00e9s de este\nreporte corresponden a la situaci\u00f3n de las personas entrevistadas y su an\u00e1lisis forma parte de los esfuerzos desde ACNUR y sus socios para\nasegurar una respuesta basada en la evidencia.\n\n##### **Perfil de las personas entrevistadas**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Principales hallazgos**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEntre los **mo\ufffdvos** para elegir el pa\u00eds de des\ufffdno, la **b\u00fasqueda de oportunidades laborales** es la principal raz\u00f3n. Entre las personas **ingresando,**\nla segunda mo\ufffdvaci\u00f3n al escoger su pa\u00eds de des\ufffdno final es la **reunificaci\u00f3n familiar (48%)**, en comparaci\u00f3n a aquellas que **salen**, quienes\nreportan la mo\ufffdvaci\u00f3n de **acceder a servicios de salud (72%)** y **educaci\u00f3n (57%)** .\n\n\n*Perfil 51 hace referencia a personas que se encuentran fuera de su pa\u00eds de origen por temor a lapersecuci\u00f3n u otras violaciones serias de\nderechos humanos relacionadas a su opini\u00f3n pol\u00ed\ufffdca,real o imputada, su etnia, raza, religi\u00f3n o su pertenencia a un grupo social par\ufffdcular.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **Riesgo de retorno a pa\u00eds de origen y necesidades espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n**\n\nNo podr\u00eda garantizar mis\n\n\n\nnecesidades b\u00e1sicas\n\n\nAmenaza directa a mi\n\ngrupo familiar\n\n\nNo podr\u00eda acceder a\n\nservicios m\u00e9dicos\n\n\nPersecuci\u00f3n\n\n\nViolencia generalizada\n\n\nMiedo a grupos\n\narmados\n\n\nReclutamiento forzoso\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nComunidad LGBTBIQ+\n\n\nAdulto mayor\n\n\nSobreviviente VBG\n\n\nMujer en periodo de\nlactancia\n\n\nPersona con\ndiscapacidad\n\n\nHogares\nmonoparentales\n\n\nMujer gestante\n\n\nPerfil del 51\n\n\nCondici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica cr\u00edtica\n\n - cr\u00f3nica\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\nEl **54%** de las personas entrevistadas estar\u00eda en **riesgo en caso de que retornaran a su pa\u00eds de origen,** sobre todo entre las personas que\n**ingresan al Per\u00fa (70%).** Hacer frente a estos riesgos se dificulta considerando que el **22%** de las personas encuestadas ha **sufrido incidentes**\n**deprotecci\u00f3n durante su ruta de viaje** que pueden mo\ufffdvarles a retornar a su lugar de origen exponi\u00e9ndose a los mencionados riesgos.\n\n##### **Intenciones de solicitar refugio en pa\u00eds de des\ufffdno**\n\n\n# **61%**\n\n\n\n**De las personas que \ufffdenen la intenci\u00f3n de solicitar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado correr\u00eda alg\u00fan riesgo de**\n**volver a su lugar de origen, principalmente por no poder garan\ufffdzar su subsistencia.**\n\n\n\n**Personas ingresando a Per\u00fa**\n\n\u00bfHa solicitado o piensa solicitar refugio en su pa\u00eds de destino?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\nS\u00ed, tengo la intenci\u00f3n de\n\nsolicitarlo\n\n\n\nNo, no cuento con mayor\n\ninformaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nS\u00ed. He solicitado ya la condici\u00f3n\n\nde refugiado/a (pendiente)\n\n\n\nNo, no lo veo relevante para mi\n\ncaso / No aplica\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n##### **Necesidades b\u00e1sicas y estrateg\u00edas de afrontamiento**\n\n\nRespecto al primer trimestre del a\u00f1o, la **necesidad de alimentaci\u00f3n** con\ufffdn\u00faa siendo la **principal.** Debido al friaje de junio, la necesidad de **ropa**\n**y/o abrigo** aument\u00f3. Sin embargo, entre los perfiles de **ingreso**, la necesidad de **apoyo con documentaci\u00f3n migratoria** incrementa en m\u00e1s de\nun **10%**, adem\u00e1s de la **necesidad de contar con ar\ufffdculos de higiene** que incrementa un **36%** . Entre los perfiles de **salida,** la necesidad\ndetransporte se redujo en un **19%.**\n\n\n\n**Principales necesidades en la ruta de viaje**\n\n\nAlimentaci\u00f3n\n\n\nArt\u00edculos de higiene\n\n\nAlojamiento y/o\nAlbergues\n\nApoyo con\ndocumentaci\u00f3n\n\nTransporte\nnacional/internacional\n\n\n\n**Principales necesidades en la ruta de viaje**\n\n\n\n\n\nRecolectar restos de\nalimentos en las calles\nRecibir donaciones\nde otros\nTrabajar a cambio de\ncomida o alojamiento\n\nRecurrir al apoyo de\nfamiliares\n\nPedir limosna\n\n\nPedir dinero prestado\n\n\nNinguna de las anteriores\n\n\nVender objetos de valor\n\n\nDormir en la calle\n\n\nBuscar ayuda humanitaria\n\n\nPriorizar la alimentaci\u00f3n\nde ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as\nReducir la calidad o\ncantidad de los alimentos\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRopa y/o abrigo\n\n\nAyuda m\u00e9dica\n\n\nNinguna\n\n\nAsistencia psicol\u00f3gica\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n##### **Intervenci\u00f3n en puntos de cruce**\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\nEl punto de llegada al Per\u00fa desde\nBrasil es por la frontera del Municipio\nde **Assis Brasil,** ubicado en la parte sur\ndel estado de Acre y limitacon Per\u00fa y\nBolivia. Las personas en movilidad\nhumana llegan desde agencias de\ntransporte o veh\u00edculos de servicio\npar\ufffdcular. En el Municipiode Assis las\npersonas forzadas a huir pueden\nsolicitar albergue y alimentaci\u00f3n en la\n**Casa** **de** **Passagem** . Para luego,\ningresar al Per\u00fa por la localidad de\n**I\u00f1apari**, en par\ufffdcular, por la\ndenominada **Trocha o Trilha,** ya que el\ntramo es m\u00e1s corto que por la\ncarretera principal. Sin embargo,\ndurante la declaraci\u00f3n de Estado de\nEmergencia decretado por el Gobierno\nPeruano en abril, tuvieron que buscar\naccesos alternos. **El** **Puente**\n**Integraci\u00f3n**, el cual es un punto de\ningreso y salida del Per\u00fa, cuenta con\npresencia de la Polic\u00eda Nacional Del\nPer\u00fa (PNP).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n\nLas personas refugiadas y migrantes, al ingresar al territorio peruano, que son captadas por los transpor\ufffdstas informales (coyotes) pagan\nelevados costos por el transporte con la promesa de llegar hasta la ciudad de **Puerto Maldonado.**\n\n\nEn la ruta de I\u00f1apari a Puerto Maldonado por la carretera Interoce\u00e1nica, se ubica **Iberia.** En ella se encuentra la comisar\u00eda policial donde\nestuvo instalado la Unidad de Seguridad del Estado hasta el mes de mayo del 2023. A con\ufffdnuaci\u00f3n, en la localidad de **San Lorenzo,** se \ufffdene\nacceso el paso fronterizo **Pando (Bolivia)-Madre de Dios (Per\u00fa)**, convir\ufffd\u00e9ndolo en un punto de cruce, en par\ufffdcular a la altura de la localidad\n**Alto Per\u00fa.** Siguiendo la carretera interoce\u00e1nica, se encuentra un camino o trocha carrozable que se conecta al pa\u00eds vecino de Bolivia por el\ncentro poblado peruano Shiringayoc, en donde se encuentra un punto de control migratorio. Por ende, es frecuentado como punto de cruce.\nLas localidades de **Alerta, Mavila, Alegr\u00eda, Planch\u00f3n, Sudadero, Laberinto, Santa Rosa y Mazuco**, son localidades donde personas con y por\nlas cuales ACNUR trabaja residen ejerciendo ac\ufffdvidades laborales en empresas madereras, casta\u00f1era, en agricultura, comercio ambulatorio,\nservicio de mototaxi, servicio de seguridad, restauraci\u00f3n, entre otros.\n\n\nEn **Puerto Maldonado** se encuentra el terminal terrestre que conecta a todas las regiones del pa\u00eds. Con\ufffdnuando por la ruta, en direcci\u00f3n a\nMazuco, se encuentra **La Pampa**, la zona de mayor concentraci\u00f3n de miner\u00eda ilegal e informal. Se han iden\ufffdficado familias y personas que se\ndedican principalmente a la ac\ufffdvidad minera ilegal e informal, servicio de mototaxi informal y el comercio. Finalmente, la localidad de\n**Mazuco**,limita con la regi\u00f3n de **Cusco y Puno**, siendo el **Puente Inambari** el punto fronterizo de estas regiones.\n\n##### **Personas con intenci\u00f3n de ingresar al Per\u00fa**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Nacionalidades**\n\n\n73%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuela Cuba Colombia Argentina Otra Per\u00fa Rep\u00fablica\nDominicana\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\nLas personas de **nacionalidad venezolana**\nmanifestaron en un **58%** que su **residencia**\n**previa fue Brasil** y en un **35% Venezuela.**\nAdem\u00e1s, mencionaronen un **88%** que su\npa\u00eds de **des\ufffdno final es Per\u00fa.** El **85%** de\nellas cuentan con **c\u00e9dula de iden\ufffddad**\n**vigente** y en un **44%** con **registro de**\n**nacimiento** . Y, un **33%** mencion\u00f3 tener\nalguna **condici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica cr\u00ed\ufffdca o cr\u00f3nica.**\n\n\n**Documento de viaje**\n\n\n67%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDNI Peruano\nc\u00e9dula\n\n\n\nCopia digital de Pasaporte vencido Ning\u00fan documento\n\nc\u00e9dula vencida\n\n\n\nC\u00e9dula de identidad Otro Registro de\n\nvencida nacimiento\n\n\n\nRegistro de Pasaporte vigente\n\nnacimiento vigente\n\n\n\nC\u00e9dula de identidad\n\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n##### **Ruta de viaje**\n\n\n\n**Pa\u00eds de residencia previa**\n\n\n46%\n\n\n\n**\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo estuvo viviendo en ese pa\u00eds?**\n\n\n\n35%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBrasil Venezuela Cuba Colombia Suriname Chile Guyana Uruguay\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\na. Menos de 30 d\u00edas b. 1 a 6 d\u00edas c. 6 meses a 1 a\u00f1o d. 1 a\u00f1o a 3 a\u00f1os e. 3 a\u00f1os a 5 a\u00f1os g. Toda la vida\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n##### **Parada previa en la rutade viaje**\n\n**\u00bfRealizar\u00e1 una parada previa**\n**de llegar a su destino final?**\n\n\n\n\n\nLas personas que indicaron\nrealizar una **parada previa** son de\n**nacionalidad cubana**, su des\ufffdno\nfinal es EE.UU. y manifestaron\ntener una **condici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica**\n**cr\u00ed\ufffdca o cr\u00f3nica.**\n\n\n\n\n#### **100%** 100% Indica que el mo\ufffdvo\n\nHar\u00e1 una parada\n\nde la parada previa es\n\nprevia en **Ecuador.**\n\npara realizar **tr\u00e1mites**\n**y/o documentaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n##### **Intenciones a corto plazo**\n\n\n**Pa\u00eds de destino final**\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u00bfA qu\u00e9 regi\u00f3n de Per\u00fa se dirige?***\n\n\nArequipa\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPer\u00fa Ecuador Colombia Estados Unidos\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoreo de Frontera", - "confidence": 0.8529009819030762, - "start": 70, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6194837689399719, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9470406770706177, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoreo de Frontera", - "confidence": 0.6439840197563171, - "start": 332, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6524524092674255, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8970744013786316, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n\n**\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 motivo escogi\u00f3 ese pa\u00eds como destino?**\n\n\n\n72%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEl **76%** de personas que indicaron que su pa\u00eds de\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMayores oportunidades laborales Reunificaci\u00f3n familiar Acceder a servicios de salud Tengo amigos y/o conocidos Acceder a servicios educativos Cuento con residencia\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n##### **Necesidades espec\u00edficas en protecci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\nPeril del 51\n\n\nCondici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica\n\ncr\u00edtica o cr\u00f3nica\n\n\nMujer gestante\n\n\nHogares\nmonoparentales\n\n\nSobreviviente VBG\n\n\nAdulto Mayor\n\n\nMujer en periodo de\n\nlactancia\n\n\nComunidad LGTBIQ+\n\n\nPersona con\ndiscapacidad\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\n\n\nEntre los **perfiles 51***, un **52%** son de\nnacionalidad **cubana, 42% venezolana** y\n**6% colombiana.** El **77%** de este grupo\ncuenta con **pasaporte vigente,** un **15%**\ncon **pasaporte vencido**, y un **8%** no \ufffdene\n**ning\u00fan documento deiden\ufffddad.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ntener **necesidades de protecci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **Ruta hacia EE.UU**\n\n**\u00bfEn alg\u00fan momento consider\u00f3 viajar a**\n**Estados Unidos?**\n\n\n\n**Incidentes durante la ruta de viaje**\n\n\nRobo de dinero. Pertenencias o\n\ndocumentos\n\n\nSoborno por parte de\nfuncionarios/personal del Estado\n\n\nRetorno forzoso / Devoluci\u00f3n en\n\nfrontera\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n29%\n\n\n29%\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\nEstafa\n\n\nPrefiere no decir\n\n\nTrato denigrante e intimidaci\u00f3n\n\n\nViolencia Basada en G\u00e9nero\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS", - "confidence": 0.7428052425384521, - "start": 7, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PER\u00da", - "confidence": 0.6364930272102356, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7902538776397705, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "perfiles", - "confidence": 0.5139779448509216, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n##### **Personas con intenci\u00f3n de salir al Per\u00fa**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Documentos de viaje**\n\n\nC\u00e9dula de identidad vigente\n\n\nRegistro de nacimiento\n\n\nPasaporte vigente\n\n\n\n\n\n**Nacionalidades**\n\n\n94%\n\n\n\n95.7%\n\n\n\n\n\nDNI Peruano\n\n\nOtro\n\n\nC\u00e9dula de identidad vencida\n\n\nCopia digital de c\u00e9dula\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **Ruta de viaje**\n\n\n\nVenezuela Per\u00fa Ecuador\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n**\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo estuvo viviendo en ese pa\u00eds?**\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\na. 1 a 6 meses b. 6 meses a 1 a\u00f1os c. 1 a\u00f1o a 3 a\u00f1os d. 3 a\u00f1os a 5 a\u00f1os e. M\u00e1s de 5 a\u00f1os f. Toda la vida\n\n\nSource: : Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n**\u00bfCuenta con alg\u00fan documento de residencia en Per\u00fa**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **100%**\n\n**De las personas**\n**manifestaron contar con**\n**CPP como documento**\n**de residencia en Per\u00fa**\n\n\n\nSource:Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoreo de Frontera", - "confidence": 0.8766940236091614, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8086370229721069, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Per\u00fa", - "confidence": 0.9777255058288574, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9571655988693237, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n##### **Parada previa en la ruta de viaje**\n\n\n**\u00bfRealizar\u00e1 una parada previa antes**\n**de llegar a su destino final?**\n\n\n\n\n#### **100%** **100%**\n\n\n\nDe personas realizar\u00e1n una\nparada previa en Brasil.\n\n\n\nIndica que el mo\ufffdvo de\nla parada previa es para\nvisitar familiares.\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n##### **Intenciones a corto plazo**\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 motivo escogi\u00f3 ese pa\u00eds como destino?**\n\n\nAcceder a servicios de\n\nsalud\n\n\nMayores oportunidades\n\nlaborales\n\n\n\n\n\n76%\n\n\n76%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAcceder a servicios\n\neducativos\n\n\nReunificaci\u00f3n familiar\n\n\nTengo amigos y/o\n\nconocidos\n\n\nCuento con residencia\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **Necesidades espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n**\n\nMujer gestante\n\n\nPersona con\ndiscapacidad\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\nUn **67%** de **mujeres gestantes** redujeron las\ncan\ufffddades de alimentosconsumidos como\n**estrategia de afrontamiento**, lo que supone\n**riegos de salud** . El **100%** de personas que\nindicaron tener **necesidades de protecci\u00f3n**\n**internacional** contaban con **c\u00e9dula de**\n**iden\ufffddad y/o pasaporte vigente.**\n\n\n\nCondici\u00f3n m\u00e9diatica\ncr\u00edtica o cr\u00f3nica\n\n\nHogares\nmonoparentales\n\n\nMujer en periodo de\nlactancia\n\n\nPefil 51\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoreo de Frontera", - "confidence": 0.9334796071052551, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6192719340324402, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9443343281745911, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MADRE DE DIOS - PER\u00da\n## AN\u00c1LISIS TRIMESTRAL DE PROTECCI\u00d3N Y RIESGOS DURANTE LA RUTA DE VIAJE\n\nAbril - Junio 2023\n\n\n\nUn **33%** de **personas con discapacidad** saldr\u00e1n de **Per\u00fa** por\n**Desaguadero** ya que su des\ufffdno final es **Chile**, la geogra\ufffda y\nriesgos de terreno implican **dificultades durante el tr\u00e1nsito.**\nEl 67% de ellas recurrieron a dormir en la calle como\nestrategia de afrontamiento.\n\n\n\nEntre los **perfiles 51**, el **100%** es de nacionalidad **venezolana**\ncon des\ufffdno final **Brasil** e intenci\u00f3n de solicitarla condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado en dicho pa\u00eds.\n\n\n##### **Incidentes durante la ruta de viaje Ruta hacia EE.UU**\n\n**\u00bfEn alg\u00fan momento consider\u00f3 viajar a**\n**Estados Unidos?**\n\n\nSi\n4%\n\n\n\nTrato\n\n\nintimidaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\nSource: Monitoreo de Frontera - ACNUR 2023\n\u00a9 UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n\nRobo de\n\ndinero,\npertenencias o\n\ndocumentos\n\n50%\n\n\n\n96%\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c045c8d3-5faf-4735-9d7c-246709de0daf/ACNUR_AN%C3%81LISIS-MADRE%20DE%20DIOS%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_227/raw/doc_227_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_227/raw/doc_227_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e76d81110961eb1c371c7ee6714b6d2f083d29b3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_227/raw/doc_227_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES\n\nEVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS UNIT\n\n# The WHALE: Wisdom we Have Acquired from the Liberia Experience\n\n## _Report of a regional_ _lessons-learned workshop,_ _Monrovia, Liberia,_ _26-27 April 2001_\n\n\nBy Jeff Crisp EPAU/2001/06\nMay 2001\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) is committed to the\nsystematic examination and assessment of UNHCR policies, programmes, projects\nand practices. EPAU also promotes rigorous research on issues related to the work\nof UNHCR and encourages an active exchange of ideas and information between\nhumanitarian practitioners, policymakers and the research community. All of these\nactivities are undertaken with the purpose of strengthening UNHCR\u2019s operational\neffectiveness, thereby enhancing the organization\u2019s capacity to fulfil its mandate on\nbehalf of refugees and other displaced people. The work of the unit is guided by the\nprinciples of transparency, independence, consultation and relevance.\n\nEvaluation and Policy Analysis Unit\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nCase Postale 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2 D\u00e9p\u00f4t\nSwitzerland\n\nTel: (41 22) 739 8249\nFax: (41 22) 739 7344\n\ne-mail: hqep00@unhcr.ch\n\ninternet: www.unhcr.ch\n\nAll EPAU evaluation reports are placed in the public domain. Electronic versions are posted\non the UNHCR website and hard copies can be obtained by contacting EPAU. They may be\nquoted, cited and copied, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in\nEPAU publications are not necessarily those of UNHCR. The designations and maps used\ndo not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the part of UNHCR concerning\nthe legal status of a territory or of its authorities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EPAU evaluation reports", - "confidence": 0.9652478694915771, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "territory", - "confidence": 0.6013568639755249, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Contents\n\nIntroduction................................................................................................................ 1\n\n\nThe operational environment .................................................................................. 2\n\n\nImpact of the programme......................................................................................... 2\n\n\nKey lessons learned................................................................................................... 4\n\n\nThe rationale for UNHCR\u2019s involvement.............................................................. 4\n\n\nThe scope of UNHCR involvement........................................................................ 5\n\n\nEngaging other agencies........................................................................................... 5\n\n\nPlanning...................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\nParticipation............................................................................................................... 7\n\n\nPartnership with local authorities........................................................................... 8\n\n\nImplementation ......................................................................................................... 9\n\n\nProtection.................................................................................................................. 10\n\n\nRepatriation.............................................................................................................. 11\n\n\nThe future ................................................................................................................. 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\n1. Between 1997 and 2000, some 380,000 Liberian refugees returned to their\ncountry of origin, primarily from the neighbouring countries of Guinea, Cote d\u2019Ivoire\nand Sierra Leone. To support this process, UNHCR launched a $40 million\nassistance programme, intended to facilitate the voluntary repatriation and\nreintegration of the refugees.\n\n\n2. As well as providing transport and other forms of direct assistance to\naround 160,000 of the returning refugees, the programme entailed the establishment\nof a multi-sector and community-based rehabilitation programme in returneepopulated areas of Liberia, including the implementation of 150 Quick Impact\nProjects (QIPs).\n\n\n3. As a means of reviewing and identifying lessons learned from the Liberia\nrepatriation and reintegration operation, the Programme Section of UNHCR\u2019s\nMonrovia Branch Office launched an initiative known as The WHALE: \u2018Wisdom we\nHave Acquired from the Liberia Experience\u2019.\n\n\n4. Involving well over 200 stakeholders, including UNHCR, UN and NGO\npersonnel, national and local government officials, as well as returnees and other\ncommunity members, The WHALE has been undertaken in three principal phases:\n\n\nWHALE I: Three field-based workshops (in Harper, Zwedru and\nGbarnga), during which participants completed an extensive\nquestionnaire, assessing the repatriation and reintegration\nprogramme.\n\n\nWHALE II: A national workshop in Monrovia, involving UNHCR\u2019s\nkey UN, NGO and governmental partners.\n\n\nWHALE III: A regional workshop in Monrovia, involving UNHCR\nstaff from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, as well as the Regional\nDirectorate in Abidjan. The head of UNHCR\u2019s Evaluation and Policy\nAnalysis Unit acted as facilitator and rapporteur for the event.\n\n\n5. This report provides a summary of the discussions that took place during\nWHALE III, supplemented by insights gained from the rapporteur\u2019s involvement\nwith previous repatriation and reintegration operations. The report should ideally\nbe read in conjunction with two documents prepared by the Programme Section of\nUNHCR\u2019s Monrovia Branch Office:\n\n\n_UNHCR Liberia repatriation and reintegration programme, 1997-2000: review_\n_of programme activities_\n\n_UNHCR Liberia repatriation and reintegration programme, 1997-2000:_\n_WHALE review workshops I and 2, and notes for WHALE III_\n\n6. Both documents, as well as this report, can be accessed on the Evaluation\n[and Policy Analysis page of the UNHCR website, www.unhcr.ch.](http://www.unhcr.ch/)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.8393245935440063, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "assessing the repatriation and reintegration\nprogramme", - "confidence": 0.6296517252922058, - "start": 232, - "end": 238 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.5554646253585815, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.5577479004859924, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6904410123825073, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6157791614532471, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1997-2000", - "confidence": 0.5172204375267029, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n**The operational environment**\n\n\n7. According to one of the WHALE III workshop participants, the Liberian\nrepatriation and reintegration programme took place \u201cin less than ideal\ncircumstances.\u201d This must be considered as something of understatement, as the\noperational environment for the Liberia programme was amongst the most\nchallenging that UNHCR has ever encountered.\n\n\n8. Today, as in the four-year implementation period of the repatriation and\nreintegration programme, Liberia remains politically unstable, insecure and subject\nto sporadic outbreaks of fighting. A massive amount of economic and infrastructural\ndevastation took place during the armed conflict that gripped the country from 1990\nuntil 1997. The capital city of Monrovia, its population swollen by the earlier\ninfluxes of displaced people from rural areas, is still deprived of the most\nrudimentary public services. The ability (and arguably the willingness) of the state\nto promote rehabilitation and development, especially at the local level, is minimal.\n\n\n9. In comparison with many other countries emerging from crisis and armed\nconflict, the international community\u2019s interest in Liberia has generally been weak.\nIndeed, the level of interest has waned significantly during the period of the\nrepatriation and reintegration programme, largely as a result of donor state\ndispleasure with the conduct of the Liberian government and its apparent\ninvolvement in the Sierra Leone conflict.\n\n\n10. Reflecting this international trend, UNHCR has unfortunately devoted less\nresources, attention and publicity to the Liberia operation than it has given to\nrepatriation and reintegration programmes elsewhere in the world. A good example\nof this tendency is to be found in the organization\u2019s failure to implement a 1997\nproposal from the Programme and Technical Support Section, entailing the\nappointment of a senior-level reintegration coordinator in Monrovia, supported by a\nteam of technical specialists.\n\n\n11. In essence, this major repatriation and reintegration programme has been\nundertaken by a regular branch office structure, without any of the special staffing\narrangements witnessed in similar or smaller operations elsewhere in the world.\nMoreover, while implementing the repatriation and reintegration programme for\nLiberian returnees, the Branch Office has also been required to manage a care-andmaintenance programme for Sierra Leonean refugees, a population which peaked at\naround 90,000 and which currently numbers around 70,000., of whom 35,000 are\naccommodated in fully serviced camps.\n\n\n**Impact of the programme**\n\n\n12. Given the difficulties posed by the operational environment, what has\nUNHCR\u2019s Liberian operation been able to achieve? To answer this question, The\nWHALE III workshop drew a clear distinction between _outputs_ and _impact_ . It is, of\ncourse, relatively easy to quantify UNHCR\u2019s total expenditure in Liberia and to\nquantify the number of refugees it transported to their homes, the amount of food\nand other assistance items that were distributed and the number of Quick Impact\nProjects that were implemented. But what difference did this activity actually make\nfor the returnees and other members of Liberian society?\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n13. Addressing this issue, workshop participants (who, as UNHCR staff\nmembers, have to be considered a potentially partial source) pointed to a number of\nways in which the programme has had a positive impact. These include:\n\n\n!\" Facilitating and promoting the voluntary return of Liberian refugees\nthrough the provision of transport and other forms of repatriation\nassistance, especially those (such as the elderly, the young and the\ninfirm) who were unwilling or unable to travel independently from\ntheir country of asylum;\n\n\n!\" Reinforcing the physical and psychological security of returnees and\nother Liberian citizens through the establishment of a visible and\noperational United Nations presence in returnee-populated areas;\n\n\n!\" Empowering the less powerful members of society, especially women\nand girls, through the introduction of participatory and gendersensitive reintegration activities;\n\n\n!\" Limiting the protection problems encountered by returnees by\nassisting in the establishment of a legal framework for the\nrepatriation and reintegration process, and by encouraging relevant\nemployees of the state, the judiciary and security forces to act in\naccordance with refugee protection and human rights principles;\n\n\n!\" Providing the population with essential services (education, health,\nwater and sanitation, for example) that the Liberian authorities and\nlocal communities were unable to provide themselves;\n\n\n!\" Enhancing the level of food security and the level of economic\nactivity in returnee-populated areas by boosting agricultural\nproductivity, facilitating the establishment of small-scale enterprises\nand by creating the conditions (especially the repair and\nreconstruction of roads) needed for local marketing systems to\nrevive;\n\n\n!\" Providing a short-term boost to the local economy through local\nexpenditures, as well as the payment of wages to workers engaged\non QIPs and other programme activities;\n\n\n!\" Creating an enabling environment in which returnees, their\ncommunities, the authorities and other local actors were able to\ndevelop some of the capacity required to undertake reintegration and\nrehabilitation activities;\n\n\n!\" Conserving scarce international humanitarian resources by enabling\nexpensive care-and-maintenance programmes in countries of asylum\nto be phased down, and replaced by a much less costly reintegration\nprogramme in Liberia.\n\n\n14. Asked to identify any negative or unintended consequences of the\nprogramme, workshop participants were generally (and understandably) less\nforthcoming.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n15. According to some speakers, the UNHCR programme had fostered a degree\nof dependency amongst returnees and other local actors. Other participants queried\nthis analysis, pointing out that the level of support provided by the organization was\nso modest that no-one could depend on it to meet even their most basic needs.\n\n\n16. At the same time, there was a broad consensus that returnees and others\nhad developed unrealistic expectations of UNHCR, that the Liberian authorities had\nto some extent been relieved of their obligations by the UNHCR programme, and\nthat greater efforts could have been made to explain the limited scope and scale of\nthe organization\u2019s involvement with respect to repatriation and reintegration. In\nfuture programmes of this type, it was recommended, UNHCR should conduct a\nmore extensive information programme to disseminate this message, both in\ncountries of asylum and in countries of origin.\n\n\n**Key lessons learned**\n\n\n17. The stated objective of The WHALE was to identify lessons learned and\nexamples of good practice from UNHCR\u2019s experience in Liberia, so as to enhance the\norganization\u2019s capacity for the planning, programming and implementation of\neffective repatriation and reintegration operations. The remaining sections of this\nreport are devoted to such issues.\n\n\n**The rationale for UNHCR\u2019s involvement**\n\n\n18. Given the current discussion concerning the scope of UNHCR\u2019s mandate\nand operational activities, The WHALE III workshop questioned the rationale for\nUNHCR\u2019s involvement in the Liberian reintegration programme. Was this not a task\nthat could and should have been undertaken by other agencies, especially those with\ngreater expertise in the development sector?\n\n\n19. Workshop participants overwhelmingly rejected this suggestion. On one\nhand, it was pointed out that UNHCR has a mandate for _protection and solutions_ . By\nmeans of its presence and activities in Liberia, the organization was fulfilling both\nelements of its mandate: first, ensuring that returnees were not subject to\npersecution, discrimination or harassment; and second, that they were reconnected\nwith the social and economic systems of their own country and community. As one\nworkshop participant argued, it would have been irresponsible for UNHCR _not_ to\nhave established a reintegration programme in Liberia, or at least to have ensured\nthat this task was undertaken by other actors..\n\n\n20. In addition to mandate considerations, the workshop agreed that UNHCR\u2019s\ninvolvement in the reintegration process was based on some very pragmatic\nconsiderations. The organization was familiar with the refugees, having worked\nwith them since the beginning of the 1990s, when Liberians began to leave their own\ncountry in large numbers. It already had a substantial presence in the border areas of\nneighbouring states, and its logistical and communications network now penetrated\ninto Liberia itself as a result of the organized repatriation programme. UNHCR\u2019s\nability to raise funds and establish an operation quickly also gave the organization a\ncomparative advantage over other agencies, especially those in the UN system.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n21. Two other issues were raised in support of UNHCR\u2019s involvement in the\nreintegration process. On one hand, workshop participants felt that returning\nrefugees would always be regarded as \u2018UNHCR business\u2019 by other agencies,\nespecially in the immediate aftermath of a repatriation movement. On the other\nhand, doubts were raised with regard to the notion that UNHCR\u2019s involvement in\nthe reintegration process constituted a shift from the humanitarian to the\ndevelopment sector. Development agencies, especially UNDP, rarely undertake the\ninexpensive, small-scale and short-term rehabilitation projects established by\nUNHCR and its implementing partners.\n\n\n**The scope of UNHCR involvement**\n\n\n22. Having agreed upon the rationale for UNHCR\u2019s involvement in\nreintegration activities, the workshop asked how long that involvement should\ncontinue. In this respect, there was a broad consensus that the 18-month time limit\non UNHCR reintegration programmes, as specified in the organization\u2019s recent\n\u2018Action 1 parameters\u2019, was unrealistic.\n\n\n23. A number of WHALE III participants felt that the new parameter should be\nextended by a modest amount of time, arguing that substantial reintegration\nachievements could be made in a two-year period. Other speakers, however,\npointed out that the original two-year schedule for the Liberia programme had\neventually been extended to four years, so that the organization could meet its basic\nprogramme objectives. Reintegration programmes in other countries which have\nbeen devastated by war and which have experienced high levels of displacement are\nlikely to require a similar commitment on the part of UNHCR.\n\n\n24. Taking up this theme, one workshop participant argued that if the 18-month\nparameter had been applied in Liberia, UNHCR would have been left with \u201ca\nseriously compromised programme.\u201d All of the organization\u2019s efforts would have\nbeen designed to attain quick - rather than sustainable - impact.\n\n\n25. The level of community participation in the identification, design,\nimplementation and quality control of projects would have been minimal. UNHCR\u2019s\nmicrofinance activities, which had proved to be a successful means of promoting\nlivelihoods among women in returnee-populated areas, would not have been\npossible. And the programme\u2019s impact in terms of local capacity-building would\nhave been more limited.\n\n\n**Engaging other agencies**\n\n\n26. Participants at The WHALE III workshop were unanimous in recognizing\nthe need for UNHCR\u2019s short-term reintegration activities to be linked to longer-term\nrehabilitation and development programmes of other agencies. In war-torn countries\nsuch as Liberia, where the authorities have so few resources and such little\noperational capacity, these linkages are essential if reintegration projects are to be\nsustained and their recurrent costs met. Without such linkages, moreover, there is a\nvery real risk that the positive impact of UNHCR\u2019s reintegration activities will come\nto an end almost as soon as the organization has withdrawn its presence and brought\nits programme to an end.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n27. Discussing this issue, the workshop agreed that UNHCR should not\nestablish reintegration projects with the intention of \u2018handing them over\u2019 to other\nagencies at some point in the future. Rather, a proactive approach was required,\nbringing other organizations on board from the beginning of a reintegration\nprogramme - an approach that would provide UNHCR with a clear exit strategy.\n\n\n28. Although a number of linkages had been established in relation to the\nLiberia reintegration programme, workshop participants agreed that this task had\nbeen undertaken in a an ad hoc, rather than a systematic manner. The task of forging\nsuch links also seems to have started at the implementation - rather than the\nplanning - stage of the programme.\n\n\n29. While this situation can to some extent be ascribed to the weak presence of\nother agencies in the early days of the reintegration programme, the scarcity of\ndevelopment funding for Liberia and the absence of a strong coordinating\nmechanism for UN and other agencies in Liberia, it also represents a weakness on the\npart of UNHCR.\n\n\n30. As noted earlier, when the Liberia programme was about to begin, a\nproposal was made to appoint a senior-level reintegration coordinator, \u201cwith the\nincumbent being in charge of the coordination of reintegration activities at country\nlevel.\u201d The proposal, made by a headquarters mission to Liberia in May 1997, went\non to state that \u201cthe reintegration coordinator should help in the preparation of a\nreintegration strategy and will be in charge of relations with development agencies\nand lending institutions.\u201d The Liberian experience suggests that the creation of such\na post and the development of a clear strategy should be a standard feature of\nUNHCR\u2019s reintegration programmes.\n\n\n31. Finally, it would be a mistake to believe that the sustainability of UNHCR\u2019s\nreintegration efforts is entirely dependent on the organization\u2019s ability to forge\nlinkages with other agencies. Indeed, it could be argued that projects that continue\nto require external inputs cannot really be considered to have attained sustainability.\nAs later sections of this report suggest, the search for \u2018upward\u2019 linkages to donor\nstates and development agencies must be complemented by \u2018downward\u2019 linkages to\nreturnees and their communities, community-based organizations and the local\nauthorities.\n\n\n32. The current discussion concerning UNHCR\u2019s mandate and the scope of the\norganization\u2019s involvement in reintegration programmes seems likely to place a new\ndegree of importance on the issue of partnerships and linkages. In this respect, a\nmore detailed review of the impediments to collaboration in Liberia would provide\nsome valuable insights that could inform the reintegration planning process\nelsewhere in the world.\n\n\n**Planning**\n\n\n33. Planning for any UNHCR repatriation and reintegration programme has to\nbe based upon informed assumptions related to issues such as when and at what\npace the refugees will return; what reception they will receive from the resident\npopulation; what capacity the local authorities will have to implement or sustain\nreintegration activities; and the extent to which the country\u2019s political and economic\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\nsituation is likely to become more or less stable as the repatriation and reintegration\nprocess proceeds.\n\n\n34. Participants in The WHALE III workshop agreed that planning for the\nLiberia programme had generally been based on a \u2018best case scenario\u2019, in which\nsecurity and the economy steadily improved, adequate donor state funding became\navailable, a growing number of other actors contributed to the reintegration process,\nand the country\u2019s borders were kept open. In the event, such assumptions proved to\nbe optimistic, with the result that both the timeframe and the budget of the\nprogramme had to be expanded.\n\n\n35. An important lesson can be learned from this experience. Rather than\nplanning on the basis of a single set of assumptions, there is a need for UNHCR to\nidentify the different scenarios that might emerge in any situation and to draw up a\nplan that is relevant to each of those scenarios. As UNHCR staff members from\nFreetown explained to the workshop, this \u2018multi-scenario planning\u2019 approach is\ncurrently being employed in Sierra Leone, where UNHCR is confronted with a\nparticularly volatile and unpredictable operational environment.\n\n\n36. More generally, workshop participants agreed that systematic planning\nmust be accompanied by a high degree of flexibility, enabling UNHCR to respond\neffectively to unanticipated developments. Indeed, when asked to identify the key\nstrengths of the Liberia programme, a number of participants pointed to the fact that\nit had been \u201cinnovative\u201d, \u201copen-minded\u201d and \u201ccreative\u201d.\n\n\n**Participation**\n\n\n37. UNHCR has espoused the principle of community participation since it first\nbegan to undertake multi-sectoral reintegration programmes at the beginning of the\n1990s. The WHALE III workshop endorsed this approach, recognizing the need for\ncommunities to be involved in the identification, design, implementation,\nmaintenance and quality control of any reintegration project. Projects undertaken in\nthis way, it was argued, were more likely to meet the priority needs of the\npopulation, to prove sustainable and to create an enabling environment for other\nlocal initiatives.\n\n\n38. Some workshop participants argued that it was inadequate to think in terms\nof community _participation_, and that UNHCR should ideally strive for community\n_ownership_ . Ideally, it was suggested, local communities and community-based\norganizations should be able to sign project agreements directly with UNHCR, rather\nthan having to work with and through a UNHCR implementing partner. Workshop\nparticipants also expressed the opinion that UNHCR should be prepared to\nreconsider and withdraw from any reintegration project if it clearly lacks a sense of\nownership by the community.\n\n\n39. While the value of a community-based approach was expressed the need for\ncaution in relation to this issue.\n\n\n40. First, the principle of community participation is too often diluted in\npractice. Participation, the workshop agreed, means a lot more than asking a\ncommunity to provide sand, stones, water and their labour for a reintegration\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\nproject. True participation empowers a community, enabling it to make decisions\nabout the allocation, use and maintenance of reintegration resources provided by\nUNHCR. A useful example of such empowerment is to be seen in UNHCR\u2019s efforts\nto promote income-generating activities in areas where infrastructural projects have\nbeen established, thereby providing the community with the resources required to\nmaintain the project and meet its recurrent costs.\n\n\n41. Second, the notion of \u2018community\u2019 must also be deconstructed if the notion\nof participation is to be operationalized. \u2018Community leaders\u2019 can be found in any\npopulation. But all too frequently they are adult males, unwilling or unable to\nrepresent the interests of women, girls, boys and other social groups. Special efforts\nmust therefore be made to gain access to these often disempowered groups and to\nlisten to their views.\n\n\n42. Third, effective participation is an inherently time-consuming process,\nwhich may well delay the implementation of a reintegration project. In situations of\nurgent need, it may be justified to prioritize rapid implementation over extensive\nconsultation and participation.\n\n\n43. Fourth, the involvement of the local population in UNHCR\u2019s reintegration\nactivities should begin as quickly as possible. Some kind of \u2018community\u2019 can usually\nbe found in any returnee location, even in the earliest days of a repatriation\nmovement. Every effort should be made to understand the composition and\ndynamics of the community as it grows and develops.\n\n\n44. Every effort should also be made to apply the principle of community\ninvolvement to UNHCR\u2019s assistance programmes in countries of asylum. It is\nunrealistic to expect returnees to actively participate in reintegration activities if they\nhave been disempowered throughout their time in exile.\n\n\n45. Fifth and finally, the workshop agreed that UNHCR should recognize its\nown weakness in relation to community participation. On one hand, the\norganization generally lacks staff members with experience and expertise in this\narea. On the other hand, it relies to a large extent on implementing partners and may\nlack the capacity to monitor their activities and modus operandi in a systematic\nmanner. In this respect, the selection and training of implementing partners is\nevidently of central importance.\n\n\n**Partnership with local authorities**\n\n\n46. While The WHALE III workshop looked at the issue of UNHCR\u2019s\nrelationship with the local authorities in returnee-populated areas, this issue\nappeared to generate less interest than the issue of community participation. A\nreflection, perhaps, of the very weak state of local government in Liberia, which was\ndescribed by one participant as \u201calmost non-existent.\u201d\n\n\n47. At the same time, the workshop agreed on the importance of engaging with\nand reinforcing the capacity of the local authorities, so as to put UNHCR\u2019s\nreintegration activities on an official and sustainable footing.\n\n\n48. According to a number of speakers, it would be a grave mistake to discount\nthe whole of the local government structure in any country, however weak it appears\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\nto be. While institutional capacity might be very limited, there are likely to be\nindividual officials with knowledge, information, ideas and enthusiasm that can add\nsubstantially to the effectiveness of a UNHCR reintegration programme.\n\n\n49. Other speakers drew attention to the fact that a UNHCR reintegration\nprogramme actually provides an opportunity to build local government capacity.\nLocal authorities should, it was argued, be involved in the identification and design\nof reintegration projects. And project agreements should be developed and signed at\nthe most local level possible, before making their way up through the administrative\nhierarchy to the capital city.\n\n\n50. In Liberia as in other parts of the world, the local authorities would appear\nto be in some senses intimidated by UNHCR and its implementing partners. This is\nhardly surprising in view of the enormous differential that exists in terms of the\ntheir operational capacity and access to resources.\n\n\n51. A consequence of this imbalance is that local authorities have little sense of\nthe authority they actually possess. Eager to see any kind of rehabilitation or\nreconstruction take place, they may be reluctant to question any project proposal\npresented by UNHCR or an implementing partner, and they may also be hesitant in\nmaking any counterproposals. In such situations - and the workshop agreed that this\nhad happened in Liberia - projects tend to be excessively \u2018driven\u2019 by UNHCR and its\nimplementing partners, rather than being \u2018owned\u2019 by the community and local\nauthorities.\n\n\n52. A reintegration project proposal should evidently not be accepted and\nimplemented simply because it has been proposed by the local authority. As noted\nearlier, what is a priority for the local authority may not necessarily be a priority for\nmany members of the community. At the same time, an approach which excludes\nlocal government or simply uses it as a rubber-stamp is inconsistent with UNHCR\u2019s\ncommitment to the capacity-building dimension of its reintegration programmes.\n\n\n**Implementation**\n\n\n53. In this segment of WHALE III, workshop participants were asked to\nconsider a wide variety of topics: the structure of the UNHCR operation and the\ndivision of authority between different elements of that structure; the effectiveness of\nUNHCR\u2019s logistics, communications and procurement networks; the way in which\nthe repatriation and reintegration programme was staffed, and the working\nconditions experienced by UNHCR personnel; the administration of the programme\nand the issues of monitoring and evaluation.\n\n\n54. While time did not permit a full analysis of all of these topics, a number of\nkey issues emerged from the discussion.\n\n\n55. Participants generally agreed that the Liberia programme had been overcentralized, with decision-making authority concentrated in Monrovia, rather than\nbeing devolved to the field. Indeed, the workshop identified this to be one of the key\nweaknesses of the operation.\n\n\n56. While it was to some extent conditioned by external constraints (such as the\nabsence of banking facilities in the main returnee areas), there was a consensus that\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\nfuture reintegration programmes should adopt a decentralized approach, enabling\ndecisions on project identification and resource allocation to be taken as close as\npossible to the point of delivery.\n\n\n57. Human resource issues occupied much of the discussion on the\nimplementation of the Liberia programme. First, participants pointed out that\nUNHCR generally lacked appropriate skills in areas such as participatory planning\nand microfinance, which are important features of most reintegration programmes.\n\n\n58. The workshop also took note of the problems that can arise when the same\nsmall team of staff members is supposed to deal simultaneously with the logistics of\na repatriation movement and the establishment of a reintegration programme. In\nthis respect, additional and more specialized staff would have been an important\nasset to the programme. On a related issue, workshop participants noted the general\nabsence of any UNHCR checklist or manual to provide some basic guidance to staff\nengaged on a reintegration programme.\n\n\n59. Second, the workshop heard of the problems that had been created for\nUNHCR staff as a result of constant changes to the closure date of the organization\u2019s\nfield offices in Liberia. No-one, it was pointed out, should be expected to live with\nsuch uncertainty, nor should they be expected to perform effectively when they have\nto work in such circumstances.\n\n\n60. Third, speaking from recent experience in Sierra Leone, UNHCR staff from\nFreetown stressed the need for a stable complement of staff if a repatriation and\nreintegration programme is to be effectively managed. While the Sierra Leone\noperation had been reinforced by the deployment of an emergency team, the\nFreetown contingent was adamant that \u201cthis is not a solution\u201d.\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n61. The protection problems that arose in the course of the Liberia repatriation\nand reintegration programme were generally less serious than might have been\nexpected, given the exceptionally brutal nature of the armed conflict that the country\nhas experienced in recent years.\n\n\n62. According to workshop participants, some returning refugees were\nsubjected to harassment and theft at checkpoints, and a number were placed under\narrest. Problems also occurred in relation to the reacquisition of property which\npeople had left behind when they became refugees. But large-scale violations of\nreturnee rights were not recorded.\n\n\n63. It is impossible to determine the extent to which UNHCR\u2019s activities in\nLiberia contributed to this relatively satisfactory state of affairs. Unsurprisingly\nperhaps, staff members who worked on the programme believe that the contribution\nwas a significant one. In this respect, they point to a number of factors:\n\n\n!\" The establishment of a bilateral agreement between UNHCR and the\nLiberian government, which provided a legal framework for the\nrepatriation;\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n!\" The issuing of an official government declaration on the rights of\nreturnees, which was proposed and in large part drafted by UNHCR;\n\n\n!\" The provision of training in refugee protection and human rights\nprinciples to the police, border guards and the judiciary;\n\n\n!\" The visible and operational presence of UNHCR and its\nimplementing partners in areas of return, and the returnee protection\nmonitoring activities undertaken by UNHCR;\n\n\n!\" The establishment of linkages between UNHCR, local NGO and\nnational human rights organizations, which can continue to monitor\nthe situation in returnee areas now that UNHCR\u2019s presence has been\nreduced.\n\n\n64. Finally, and in the words of one of the workshop participants, \u201creintegration\nprogrammes provide a platform for returnee protection.\u201d On one hand, he argued,\nUNHCR\u2019s involvement in the provision of assistance and other tangible resources\nsupported its advocacy and training efforts and made its interventions with the\nauthorities more effective.\n\n\n65. On the other hand, he pointed out that the kind of assistance provided by\nUNHCR in Liberia was itself a form a form of protection. \u201cLegal rights are\nmeaningless,\u201d he said, \u201cif you do not have food, water, education, health care and\nother basic needs.\u201d A useful corrective to those commentators who make a strict\ndistinction between \u2018protection\u2019 and \u2018assistance\u2019, and who believe that UNHCR\nshould confine its activities to the former.\n\n\n**Repatriation**\n\n\n66. Participants in the field-based workshops that constituted WHALE I gave\nUNHCR consistently higher marks for its performance in the repatriation process\nthan its performance in the area of reintegration.\n\n\n67. This is not very surprising, as the movement of people from one location\nand country to another is an inherently more straightforward process than\npromoting the successful of reintegration of refugees who have lived outside their\nown country for up to a decade.\n\n\n68. In the Liberian context, the task of repatriation was facilitated by the fact\nthat its principal implementing partner - GTZ - functioned in a particularly effective\nmanner. The lessons to be learned from the repatriation component of the Liberia\nprogramme are thus relatively few in number, and can be summarized as follows.\n\n\n!\" In order to avoid frustration amongst refugee populations, the time\nlag between registration for repatriation and the actual departure\ndate should be kept to a minimum.\n\n\n!\" The food provided to returning refugees - sufficient for a two-month\nperiod - was inadequate, even for those who went back to Liberia at\nthe right point in the agricultural cycle. Donor state pressures to\nlimit such assistance should consequently be resisted.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n!\" Effective coordination between UNHCR offices in countries of\nasylum and countries of origin is essential in the context of\nrepatriation programmes. Regular cross-border visits are required so\nthat staff members are familiar with the situation and the UNHCR\nprogramme on the other side of the frontier.\n\n\n!\" In the Liberia programme, the statistics compiled in countries of\norigin were never consistent with those compiled in the country of\norigin. Dedicated human resources are required to prevent such\ndiscrepancies and to put every UNHCR repatriation programme on a\nsound statistical footing.\n\n\n!\" When UNHCR is planning a reintegration programme, the process of\nneeds assessment and community participation can begin amongst\nrefugees in their country of asylum. At the same time, UNHCR\nshould target information programmes at those refugees, with the\nintention of ensuring that they do not have unrealistic expectations of\nwhat UNHCR will provide when they have returned to their country\nof origin.\n\n\n!\" Repatriation may be deterred when the facilities or services in the\ncountry of asylum are better than those in the country of origin.\nSome of the Liberian refugees in Cote d\u2019Ivoire, for example, are\nknown to have delayed their return because of the relatively good\neducation their children were receiving in that country. It was for\nthis reason that the Liberian reintegration programme gave a high\npriority to the rehabilitation of schools in areas of return.\n\n\n**The future**\n\n\n69. While the purpose of WHALE III was primarily to look back at the\nexperience and wisdom acquired from the Liberia programme, workshop\nparticipants pointed out that there was also a need to look to the future.\n\n\n70. First, while large numbers of Liberian refugees have returned to their own\ncountry, significant numbers remain in exile, living primarily in Cote d\u2019Ivoire,\nGhana, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. With the repatriation and reintegration\nprogramme over, there future remains unclear and should be addressed in a\ncoordinated manner.\n\n\n71. Second, while UNHCR\u2019s Liberia reintegration _programme_ may be over, the\nreintegration _process_ has a considerable way to go, given the continued poverty and\ninsecurity of the country.\n\n\n72. On one hand, UNHCR must continue to develop mechanisms that will\nallow the organization to monitor the protection and general welfare of returnees\nand their communities. At the same time, the agency has a responsibility to\nencourage other agencies to support the reintegration process, and to examine the\nlonger-term impact of its activities in the country. In this respect, a review of the\nreintegration projects implemented by UNHCR and its partners could usefully be\ncarried out in the second quarter of 2002.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.8297359347343445, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5087174773216248, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LIBERIA", - "confidence": 0.6915935277938843, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8367728590965271, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REINTEGRATION IN LIBERIA\n\n\n73. Finally, participants in the WHALE III workshop were acutely aware of the\nfact that other UNHCR repatriation and reintegration programmes will take place in\nthe near future, not least, it is to be hoped, in the neighbouring country of Sierra\nLeone. By making effective use of the wisdom acquired from the Liberia experience,\nUNHCR has an opportunity to undertake such programmes in a manner that has\ngreater impact on the welfare of returnees and their communities.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/309e0de9-c677-3482-a5d9-d5c8220a2e83/AD2984723AB3146185256AE0005DAF54-unhcr_lib_30may.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_228/raw/doc_228_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_228/raw/doc_228_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7cc83877864331dc8d267aabdc0a27fe1498c8ff..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_228/raw/doc_228_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": 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\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646.\n\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a 2019 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\n\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n2\n\n\n3\n\n\n4\n\n\n5\n\n\n6\n\n\n7\n\n\n8\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7ef42b2-a2bc-3d85-9e4b-40853bf44b8a/AR_Legal_Identity_and_Housing_Land_and_Property_Rights.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_23/raw/doc_23_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_23/raw/doc_23_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6877d47640d4aadc3bebf84335788da600604489..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_23/raw/doc_23_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Gender-Based Violence Sub-Working Group (GBV SWG)**\n\n**In Response to Syrian Crisis, Humanitarian Setting**\n\n**Gaziantep- Turkey**\n\n\n**I.** **Background/Justification**\n\n\nDuring conflicts and natural disasters, civilians are at significant risk of harm through\nviolence, abuse or deliberate deprivation. Much of violence is hidden and goes\nunderreported, particularly domestic violence or intimate partner violence, and GBV\nsurvivors may fear the repercussions of reporting incidents, such as forms of\nstigmatization that could jeopardize their future. Under-reporting of GBV makes it\ndifficult, if not impossible, to obtain an accurate measurement of the magnitude of the\nproblem. In emergency situations, often characterized by instability, insecurity, fear,\ndependence, loss of autonomy, the breakdown of law and order, and widespread\ndisruption of community and family support systems, women may be even less likely to\ndisclose incidents of GBV. Until there are services in place that GBV survivors can safely\naccess there is little reason for them to put themselves at risk by disclosing their\nexperience of GBV.\n\n\nAs of 18 May 2015, 259.788 Syrians reside in 25 camps in 10 cities and as of 4 May\n2015, there are 1.759.846 registered Syrians in total in Turkey. Although Turkey has a\nsystem to respond gender-based violence (GBV) cases, it\u2019s overloaded with the high\nnumber of Syrian population in the country. There is an increasing need for a sensitive,\nhighly coordinated and systematic approach to handle GBV cases within the Turkey\ncontext. Therefore strong interagency coordination is needed to achieve the required\nmulti-sectoral approach for an effective humanitarian response to GBV. UN agencies\nhave been supportive with the government institutions on combating GBV and this\nsupport is planned to continue with the activities of GBV Sub-Group.\n\n[Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and](http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/equality/03themes/violence-against-women/Conv_VAW_en.pdf)\n[domestic violence, also known as the Istanbul Convention that is one of the legally](http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/equality/03themes/violence-against-women/Conv_VAW_en.pdf)\nbinding instrument for Turkey as one of the signatory countries, provides specific\nguidance for migration and asylum, integrating policies against multiple sectors and\npromoting international cooperation as written below:\n**Article 60. \u201c** 1. Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that\ngender based violence against women may be recognized as a form of persecution within\nthe meaning of Article 1, A (2), of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees\nand as a form of serious harm giving rise to complementary/subsidiary protection.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Parties shall ensure that a gender-sensitive interpretation is given to each of the\nConvention grounds and that where it is established that the persecution feared is for one\nor more of these grounds, applicants shall be granted refugee status according to the\napplicable relevant instruments.\n\n3. Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to develop gender\nsensitive reception procedures and support services for asylum-seekers as well as gender\nguidelines and gender-sensitive asylum procedures, including refugee status\ndetermination and application for international protection. **\u201d**\n\n\nIn order to respond the need in this area, as one of the standards mentioned in many\ninternational guidelines such as IASC, IAWG, and MISP, planning and coordination is\naimed with the establishment of the GBV Sub-Group.\n\n**II.** **Definition of Gender-Based Violence**\n\n\n_Gender-based violence_ as defined in the IASC Guidelines for Addressing Gender-Based\nViolence in Humanitarian Settings \u201cis an umbrella term for any harmful act that is\nperpetrated against a person\u2019s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender)\ndifferences between male and females\u201d. It includes acts that inflict physical, mental,\nsexual harm or suffering, as well as threats of such acts, coercion and other deprivations\nof liberty.\n\n\nGBV shall be understood to comprise, but not be limited to:\n\n1. Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring **in the family**, including\nbattering, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse of children in the household, dowry-related\nviolence, marital rape, traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and\nviolence related to exploitation.\n\n2. Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring **within the general community**,\nincluding rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational\ninstitutions and elsewhere, as well as trafficking in women, girls, boys and men, and\nforced prostitution.\n\n\n3. Physical, sexual and psychological violence **perpetrated or condoned by the State**\n**and institutions**, wherever it occurs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **Objectives of the GBV Sub-Working Group**\n\n\n1. To establish a multi-sectoral sub-group which focus on all GBV related issues in and\n\nout of camp population at humanitarian settings\n2. To consolidate, coordinate, improve and support the activities of all relevant\n\nstakeholders in the prevention of and response to GBV within the context of\nhumanitarian action in Turkey.\n3. To improve access to relevant information to support operations, advocacy and\n\nawareness raising needs through different trainings and workshops.\n4. To promote best practice in the emergence of a shared vision and strategic framework,\n\nintegrated strategies, coordinated activities, and common protocols used nationally\nand globally in humanitarian crises in GBV.\n5. To support/assist the establishment of referral mechanisms and Standard Operational\n\nProcedures (SOPs) for GBV cases in collaboration with all actors including the NGOs\nand government institutions and to make sure that these procedures are in place.\n6. To build/enhance the capacity of GBV partners by ensuring processes and procedures\n\nare clearly explained and understood, providing standard GBV resources, translating\nkey guidelines if not available, conducting mapping of partners\u2019 capacity to identify\nskills.\n\n\n**III.** **The structure and membership of the GBV Sub-Working Group**\n\n\n**1.** **Leadership**\n\n\nThe GBV Sub-Working Group will be chaired by UNHCR, co-chaired by UNFPA.\nGeneral Directorate of Women\u2019s Status of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies\nas the key government institution to combat GBV in Turkey will support both\nUNHCR and UNFPA through their national and regional capacity.\n\n**2.** **Membership**\n\n\na. In order to ensure a holistic and multi-sectoral approach in the prevention of and\n\nresponse to GBV, membership of the GBV Working Group will be extended to\nnational and local government representatives, international and national NGOs,\ninternational organizations, and other entities providing services in the health,\npsychosocial, legal and security sectors.\n\nb. Membership of national NGOs and entities shall be encouraged, in order to ensure\n\nsustainability of the sub-Working Group. Membership of national NGOs\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "providing services in provinces, districts and/or at community level will be\nparticularly encouraged.\n\n\n**3.** **Meetings**\n\n\na. The GBV Sub-Working Group meetings will be held on Wednesdays of the\n\nsecond week of every month, after the Protection/Community Services Working\nGroup meeting held in Gaziantep.\nb. A draft agenda will be circulated to members of the Sub-Working Group at least\n\nfive days before the regular monthly meeting, giving the members the opportunity\nto suggest additional items for discussion.\nc. Draft minutes will be circulated within one week of the meeting.\n\n**4.** **Reporting**\n\n\na. Members of the Sub-Working Group will submit a monthly brief report to the\n\nChair, at the latest one week before the regular meeting.\nb. The reports will highlight the GBV issues the members and their field counterparts\n\nare addressing, the challenges they are facing and highlight any issues that require\naction by the GBV Sub-Working Group. These issues will be discussed at the\nmonthly meeting of the Sub-Working Group.\nc. The reports will be shared with the relevant national and regional government\n\ninstitutions and NGOs for their future interventions.\n\n\n**IV.** **(ToRs)/functions of the GBV Sub-Working Group**\n\n\n1. In line with the TORs of the identified responsibilities, the Sub-Working Group will\nconsolidate, coordinate, improve and support the efforts and activities of all relevant\nstakeholders in the prevention of and response to GBV, within the context of\nhumanitarian action in Turkey through:\n\n\na. Mapping and updating relevant GBV prevention and response actors in focus areas\n\n(who, what, where);\nb. Liaising with national actors working in the sector to strengthen the coordination,\n\ninformation sharing, management/analysis of cases, data and referrals within the\ncontext of relevant national framework.\nc. Ensuring that analyses are carried out on the GBV situations in focus areas and\n\ndocumented for all actors to use;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d. Monitoring the established reporting and monitoring mechanisms to ensure\n\ncoordination of efforts and activities of members and relevant stakeholders;\ne. Providing a forum for sharing information on activities, identifying needs and gaps in\n\nprevention and response, as well as for planning GBV inter-agency activities;\nf. Engaging in inter-agency, multi-sectoral field missions to assess programming\n\nsuccesses and challenges and identify gaps in GBV programming;\ng. Facilitating and supporting awareness-raising initiatives, targeting government bodies\n\nand community structures for the prevention of GBV;\nh. Strengthening the capacity of governmental institutions, NGOs and humanitarian staff\n\nto prevent and respond to GBV by organizing trainings, providing technical support\nand tapping into existing training/capacity development opportunities;\ni. Active liaising with relevant cluster working groups (health, mental health etc.) to\n\nensure that GBV issues are integrated into all humanitarian response efforts.\nj. Liaising with the national level GBV group which is co-lead by MoFSP and AFAD in\n\nAnkara.\nk. Developing national and international advocacy strategy on the issues of GBV to put\n\nthe issue on the agenda of the local, regional and int\u2019l institutions and donors.\n\n2. The work of the GBV Sub-Working Group will be guided by the following principles:\n\n\n**Confidentiality** : ensuring that survivors, witnesses and information sources are protected.\nNo identifying information will be revealed in data resources, nor during coordination or\nother public meetings, when reference is made to (specific) GBV cases;\n\n**Neutrality** : a non-partisan approach in providing services to survivors - not taking sides;\n\n**Impartiality** : non-discrimination on the basis of nationality, race, religious belief,\npolitical views, sexual orientation, social or other status;\n\n**Safety and security** : all actors will prioritize the safety of the survivor, family, witnesses\nand service providers at all times;\n\n**Participatory approach** : ensuring, to the extent possible, consultation with all members\nof the community (women, girls and boys and men) throughout the GBV programming\ncycle;\n\n**Independence** : working without influence of States, government bodies, parties to a\nconflict or other political entities;\n\n**Respect** : actions and responses of all actors will be guided by respect for the choices,\nwishes, rights and the dignity of the survivor.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Further Contact**\n\nTayba Sharif, UNHCR, Protection Officer (Gaziantep)\nMeltem A\u011fduk, UNFPA Gender Programme Coordinator and GBV Humanitarian Consultant\n(Ankara)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc555bb0-39dd-3a11-acab-d0db3431381d/2016TermsofReferenceSGBVSub-WorkingGroupSoutheastTurkey.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_230/raw/doc_230_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_230/raw/doc_230_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 58666530122e26163f98c67c146fbfe2824cf650..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_230/raw/doc_230_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,641 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROFILING** **OF SYRIAN** **REFUGEES IN** **LEBANON**\n\n\n###### **2015 SUMMARY REPORT**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ABOUT THIS REPORT**\n\n\nThis summary report highlights select findings from the full report \u201cProfiling of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon\u201d available on the Inter-Agency data portal at www.data.unhcr.org.\n\n\nThe report aims to form a detailed profile of Syrian refugee households in Lebanon using data from the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) 2015, alongside data from the\nhousehold visits (HV) exercise, which has surveyed more than half of the Syrian refugee population in\nLebanon since December 2014.\n\n\nThe VASyR 2015 survey was conducted through the joint efforts of the World Food Programme (WFP),\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\n(UNICEF). The VASyR is a nationally representative survey conducted on a yearly basis to understand\nrefugee needs and vulnerabilities. This dataset sampled 4,105 households of Syrian refugees in Lebanon\nwho are registered with UNHCR. Data was collected between the 27th of May and 9th of June 2015.\n\n\nThe household visit (HV) exercise is an inter-agency effort launched in 2014 to determine refugee\nhouseholds\u2019 level of vulnerability and eligibility for inclusion in assistance, and to monitor changing\nneeds. Enumerators visited approximately 9,000 refugee households every month, interviewing 124,666\nhouseholds by March 2016.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.967719316482544, - "start": 51, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6367970705032349, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9955691695213318, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9947066903114319, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9969942569732666, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7244471311569214, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6326634883880615, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household visit (HV) exercise", - "confidence": 0.5278111100196838, - "start": 184, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7037324905395508, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HV", - "confidence": 0.9052924513816833, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8654484748840332, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9411050081253052, - "start": 89, - "end": 90 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **2015**\n\n\n## **BASIC ASSISTANCE**\n\n\n### **$106**\n\naverage per capita\nhousehold expenditure\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n### **74%**\n\npercentage of total\nspending the average\nhousehold uses for food,\nrent & health\n\n\n#### **52%**\n\nof households living on less\nthan the Survival Minimum\nExpenditure Basket\n(spending <$87/person/month)\n\n\n#### **11%**\n\nof households rely on some\ntype of emergency coping\nstategy, such as begging,\nhigh-risk jobs, selling land,\nor labour of school-age\nchildren\n\n\n\n\uf06e Smaller household sizes were associated with greater person spending, with top quintile households (the top 20% of households who\nspend the most) having an average of 4.3 members compared to a mean of 5.9 members for bottom quintile households (those\nspending the least).\n\n\n\uf06e Though households headed by individuals with more than intermediate education did not earn significantly more income from work,\nbut they did have higher per capita expenditures and higher debt on average.\n\n\n\uf06e Households headed by individuals with a disability or who were over the age of 60 were significantly less likely to be spending less than\nthe SMEB (Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket or less than $87 per month per person, a.k.a. extreme poverty).\n\n\n\uf06e More than half of households who had at least one working-age member for every dependant were living below the poverty line.\nMore than half of households that had two or more dependants for every working-age member were living below the extreme poverty\nline.\n\n\n\uf06e The median household with a dependency ratio less than or equal to 1 was still below the per capita MEB (at $103). The median\nhousehold with a dependency ratio greater than two was significantly below the per capita SMEB (at $60).\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HHS USING COPING STRATEGIES BY EXPENDITURE QUINTILE**\n\nHV 2015\n\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n64% 64% 62% 62% 62%\n\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\n\n\n\nHH that spend HH that spend\n\n~~**Expenditure quintiles**~~\n\nthe least the most\n\n\n\n**Coping strategies**\n\n\n**Crisis** **coping:** withdrawing\nchildren from school, reducing\nessential non-food expenditures,\nearly marriage\n\n\n**Emergency** **Coping:** School\nchildren are involved in income\ngeneration, begging, high risk jobs,\nselling house or land\n\n\n**Stress Coping:** spending savings,\nselling goods, buying food on\ncredit or debt\n\n\n**No Coping**\n\n\n**Expenditure quintiles**\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\n\n\n\n~~**Expenditure quintiles**~~\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HHS USING COPING STRATEGIES BY EXPENDITURE QUINTILE**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReduce food\n\nexpenditure\n\n\n\nBuy food on credit Reduce non-food\n\n\n\nfrom school\n\n\n\nSpent savings Sell goods Withdraw child\nexpenditure from school\n\n\n\nSell assets\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY EXPENDITURE QUINTILES**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5.85\n5.77 5.52\n5.25\n4.28\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n6\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**RELATIVE EXPENDITURE ON FOOD, RENT AND**\n**HEALTHCARE BY EXPENDITURE QUINTILE**\n\n\n\nthe least **Expenditure quintiles** the most\n\n\n**DEPENDENCY RATIO BY EXPENDITURE QUINTILE**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nSpending on:\n\nfood\nrent\nhealth\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n2\n\n\n1\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nnumber of dependents (ages 0-14 & 65+)\ndependency ratio=\ntotal number of hh members (ages 15-64)\n\n\n2.06\n1.68 1.49\n1.33\n\n\n0.99\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\n\n\nthe least **Expenditure quintiles** the most\n\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\n\n\n\nHH that spend HH that spend\nthe least **Expenditure quintiles** the most\n\n\n\n**Expenditure quintiles**\n\n\n\n**AVERAGE MONTHLY PER CAPITA HH EXPENDITURE BY HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS**\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n$160\n$140\n$120\n$100\n$80\n$60\n$40\n$20\n$\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMore than\nIntermediate\nEducation\n\n\n\nNon-Elderly Elderly No Chronic Chronic No Disability Disability\nIllness Illness\n\n\n\nAll Male Female Less than\nHouseholds Primary\nEducation\n\n\n**CROSS SECTORIAL FINDINGS**\n\n\n\nPrimary Intermediate\nEducation\n\n\n\n**Characteristics of head of households**\n\n\n\nHouseholds sharing apartments or houses with one or more other families spent 8% less per capita than households renting\napartments or houses on their own. For households living in other shelter types, sharing a housing unit with one or more other families\nwas associated with an even more significant drop in spending, with those living in one room shelters and substandard shelters\nspending 25% and 24% less respectively than housholds living in the same shelter types but not sharing. Among households living in\ninformal settlements, collective shelters, and unfinished buildings, households sharing shelter spent 30% less than their non-sharing\npeers. Having legal residence for all members of the households (15 and above) was also not associated with any difference in\nexpenditure. Likewise, for households where not all members (15 and above) have a legal residence, the total number of members\nwithout a valid legal residency did not have significant impact on expenditures.\n\n\nThe head of household\u2019s education level has an important influence on vulnerability, with primary or intermediate education,\nassociated with 10% higher expenditures compared to heads with little to no education; greater than intermediate education was\nassociated with a 15% increase.\n\n\nAs in all populations, the way households chose to allocate their resources was influenced by the amount of resources at their disposal.\nFor the average household, a 10% increase in per capita expenditures was associated with a 1.7% increase in the percent of\nexpenditures devoted to rent, 1.3% decrease in the percent devoted to food, while the percent devoted to healthcare remained\nrelatively stable (0.2% increase). As overall expenditures went up, the resources dedicated to telecom, gas, water, and soap all\ndecreased relative to the total while the funds devoted to electricity went up.\n\n\nFood security also steadily followed increases in household expenditure, with a 10% increase correlated with a 1.2% drop in food\ninsecurity, all else held constant. Correspondingly only 11% of households which had per capita expenditures of about $114 were\nmoderately or severely food insecure compared to 34% of those with expenditures below $87 per capita.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **EDUCATION**\n\n\n#### **7%**\n\nincrease in school\nenrolment for Syrian\nrefugees from\n2013/14 - 2014/15\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **9%**\n\nsecondary level\nenrolment rate\n\n\n#### **94%**\n\nalmost 94% of\nhouseholds did not\nspend any income on\neducation\n\n\n#### **57%**\n\nelementary level\nenrolment rate\n(cycle 1 & 2, ages\n6-12)\n\n\n#### **20%**\n\nlower secondary level\nenrolment rate\n(cycle 3, ages 12-15)\n\n\n\n\uf06e The enrolment rate of Syrian refugee students in Lebanon recorded a total of 55% for the 2014-2015 academic years representing a\n7% increase compared to the previous academic year.\n\n\n\uf06e Enrolment rates remain the highest in the elementary level (57%) stage and the lowest in the preparatory (20%) and the secondary\n(9%) stages.\n\n\n\uf06e Enrolment of Syrian refugee children seemed to be slightly lower in households headed by females recording 37 % compared to\nhouseholds headed by males recording 46%.\n\n\n\uf06e Just over half of the enrolled students passed their grade. Girls scored a slightly higher passing grade than boys (48 % compared to\n43% respectively).\n\n\n\uf06e Almost 94 % of households do not spend any of their income on education.\n\n\n\uf06e According to HV data, out of 251,088 visited refugee children between the ages of 6 and 15 years, 15,921 (6.34%) had worked in the\nlast 30 days.\n\n\n\uf06e Almost two thirds of children who have a physical, sensorial, mental, or intellectual disability were not enrolled in school.\n\n\n\uf06e When asked about the barriers faced in enrolling children in schools, respondents noted that the main factor was the cost of\neducation(30%), followed by school not admitting students (6%) and need to work (6%) followed by distance to school (5%).\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n**SCHOOL ENROLEMENT RATE OF CHILDREN ACCORDING TO SEX OF THE HOUSEHOLD HEAD**\n\nVASYR 2015 2015 HH VISITS\n\n\n100%\n\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nenroled\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFemale-headed Male-headed\nhousehold household\n\n\n\nFemale-headed Male-headed\nhousehold household\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary level\nenrolment rate", - "confidence": 0.5290833711624146, - "start": 48, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8987778425216675, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014-2015", - "confidence": 0.8312044739723206, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee students", - "confidence": 0.7527235150337219, - "start": 124, - "end": 127 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HV data", - "confidence": 0.998233437538147, - "start": 265, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.7764698266983032, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SCHOOL ENROLMENT BY AGE, HOUSEHOLDS**\n**WITHOUT RESIDENCY FOR ANY MEMBERS VS.**\n**HOUSEHOLDS WITH RESIDENCY FOR SOME**\n**MEMBERS**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\nenroled\n\n\nnot\nenroled\n\n\nAge 6-12 Age 13-15 Age 16-18\n\n\n\nnon-shared shared one\napartment apartment room\nstructure\n\n\n\n**SCHOOL ENROLMENT IN ELEMENTARY**\n**STAGE BY TYPE OF SHELTER**\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\nenroled\n\n\nnot\nenroled\n\n\n\n\n\ninformal substandard\nsettlement shelter\n\n\n\n**ENROLMENT RATE OF SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN** **ENROLMENT RATE OF SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN**\n**BY GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL STAGES** **BY GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL STAGES**\n\nHV 2015 VASYR 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n57%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nfemale\n\n\n\n58%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nElementary Intermediate Secondary\n\n\n\nElementary Intermediate Secondary\n\n\n\n**ENROLMENT RATES AMONGST CHILDREN BY** **ENROLMENT RATES AMONGST CHILDREN BY**\n**DISABILITY** **DISABILITY**\n\nHV 2015 VASYR 2015\n\n\n\n72%\n\n\n\nwith a disability\n\n\n\n80%\n\n\n\nwith a disability\n\n\nwith no disability\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNot enrolled Enrolled\n\n\n**CROSS SECTORIAL FINDINGS**\n\n\n\nNot enrolled Enrolled\n\n\n\nIntervention efforts were shown to improve school outcomes for children. Households that had received educational\nassistance of any kind were 22% less likely to have withdrawn a child from school. Cash assistance also helped reduce the\nchance of withdrawing a child from school by 15%, as did healthcare assistance by 11%. This indicates that reducing the\nfinancial and survival stresses on households plays a significant role in helping families keep their children in school.\n\nThe primary source of household income was also influential on household decisions to keep children in school, with those\nlisting food vouchers as their primary source (23%) more likely to have a child withdrawn from school. The few households\nwhich could rely on remittances as a primary income source were conversely 28% less likely to have withdrawn a student.\nHouseholds with three or more distinct income sources were 10% less likely to pull a child from school.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SCHOOL ENROLMENT BY AGE, HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.641339898109436, - "start": 2, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6967336535453796, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "VASYR 2015", - "confidence": 0.7116588354110718, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ENROLMENT RATE OF SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN", - "confidence": 0.5354893207550049, - "start": 81, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "VASYR 2015", - "confidence": 0.5005675554275513, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "remittances", - "confidence": 0.559464156627655, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7611791491508484, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ENERGY & WATER**\n\n\n#### **89%**\n\nof refugees have\naccess to both\ndrinking and domestic\nwater\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **41%**\n\nof refugees have\naccess to improved\nlatrines\n\n\n#### **12%**\n\nof refugees lack access\nto personal hygiene\nitems\n\n\n#### **28%**\n\nof refugees do not\nhave access to\nimproved sanitation\n\n\n\n\uf06e The majority of refugees (89%) have access to both drinking and domestic water but a minority of 2% still struggles for access to both\ndrinking and domestic water sources and still 18% HH are using unimproved water sources.\n\n\n\uf06e There are important regional variations in water accessibility with conditions being considerably worse in the Tripoli area where\nalmost half of the refugees reported lacking access to either drinking or domestic water.\n\n\n\uf06e Most refugee households have secured access to either flush toilets (40%) or improved pit latrines (41%) and only a small minority still\nrelies on buckets (0.4%) or \u201copen air\u201d as an option (0.7%).\n\n\n\uf06e Refugees relying on poor sanitary means such as buckets or open air are over-represented in groups residing in tented settlements.\n\n\n\uf06e There are important regional variations in sanitary conditions: flush toilets tend to be way less common in rural areas but they are more\nof the norm in Beirut and Mount Lebanon where 2/3 of refugee households had access to this form of toilets.\n\n\n\uf06e Sanitation facilities are frequently shared. This is the case for 2/3 of those refugee households who have settled in Collective Shelters\nand for almost half of those who have settled in tents. This creates some protection concerns mainly for females.\n\n\n\uf06e 12% of refugee households didn\u2019t have access to soap or other personal hygiene items and another 7% had no access to cleaning\nitems. These figures signal a clear improvement over the past year since the last survey had found that 40% of these households lacked\naccess to these items (VASyR 2014)\n\n\n\uf06e Sanitation conditions are clearly correlated with the expenditure quintiles, with those belonging to the lowest two quintiles relying\nalso systematically on buckets or \u201copen air\u201d as means for their toilets.\n\n\n\uf06e Household occupying tents are typically suffering from the worst sanitation conditions (poor gray water and waste water\nmanagement) and lack of means for solid waste.\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n**DISTRIBUTION OF REFUGEES WITH NO ACCESS TO WATER ACROSS**\n**DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHELTER**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSubstandard shelter\n\n\nInformal settlement\n\n\nApartment/house/villa\n\n\nOne room structure\n\n\nCollective shelter\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8528394103050232, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7806987166404724, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9355916976928711, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8820090293884277, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.989167332649231, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DISTRIBUTION OF PATTERNS OF ACCESS TO WATER**\n**BY REGION**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\nAll\n\n\nTripoli+5\n\n\nSouth & Nabatieh\n\n\nMnt. Lebanon & Beirut\n\n\nBekaa & Baalbek Hermel\n\n\nAkkar\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nOnly Drinking No, neither Only Domestic Use Yes, both\n\n\n\n**OCCUPANCY OF REFUGEES BY SHELTER**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nApartment/House\nInformal settlement\n\nOne room structure\n\nSubstandard shelter\n\n\nCollective shelter\n\n\n\n**DISTRIBUTION OF TYPE OF SANITATION BY TYPE** **NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL SHARING BATHROOM**\n**OF HOUSING** **BY TYPE OF HOUSING**\n\nVASYR 2015 VASYR 2015\n\n\n\n**DISTRIBUTION OF TYPE OF SANITATION BY TYPE**\n**OF HOUSING**\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\nAll\n\nOther\n\nSub-standard Shelter\n\nInformal settlement\n\nOne Room Structure\n\nCollective Shelter\n\nApartment/house\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nBucket Flush Improved Pit Latrine Open Air Traditional Pit Latrine\n\n\n\n100%\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\nApartment Collective One room Informal Substandard Other All\n/house shelter structure settlement shelter\n\n\nNumber people\n1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 20 +\nsharing:\n\n\n\n**SYRIAN REFUGEES WITHOUT ACCESS TO PERSONAL HYGIENE & CLEANING ITEMS BY SHELTER TYPE**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nApartment/House/ Collective Shelter One Room Structure Informal Substandard Shelter Other All Shelter\nVilla settlement\n\n\nNo Access to Cleaning Items No Access to Personal Hygiene Items\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**ACCESS OF SYRIAN REFUGEES TO CLEANING**\n**ITEMS IN ALL SHELTER TYPES**\n\nHV 2015\n\n\n\n**ACCESS OF SYRIAN REFUGEES TO HYGIENE ITEMS**\n**IN ALL SHELTER TYPES**\nHV 2015\n\n\n\n\n\nWithout access\n\n\n\nWith access\n\n\nWithout access\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **HEALTH**\n##### **2015**\n\n\n#### **11.5%**\n\nof Syrian refugees in\nLebanon report having\na chronic illness\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **5.7%**\n\nof Syrian refugees in\nLebanon report having\na recent acute illness\n\n\n#### **2 out of 3**\n\nHouseholds reported\nneeding primary\nhealthcare assistance\n\n\n#### **80%**\n\nof households who\nneeded primary\nhealthcare assistance\nreceived it\n\n\n\n\uf06e 11.5% of Syrian refugees in Lebanon report having a chronic illness, while 5.7% report having had a recent acute illness and 2.4 % are\ndisabled. Very close figures are reported in the Household Visits, (HV data), where out of 733,194 Syrian refugees, 88,482 (12%) report\nbeing chronically ill, 51,538 (7%) report having a recent acute illness and 23,136 (3.51%) are disabled.\n\n\n\uf06e 40.5% of Syrian refugee households have at least one member with a chronic disease, while 22.7% of households have at least one\nperson with a recent acute illness and 11.3% of the households include at least one person with disability.\n\n\n\uf06e Although the population is largely young, with more than half aged under 18, the highest burden of chronic illness, acute illness and\ndisability is in older adults aged above 65 years of age.\n\n\n\uf06e Households with members who have chronic or acute illness or a disability are more likely to receive cash and food assistance.\n\n\n\uf06e Free primary and secondary health care is only available to 12% and 6% of the Syrian refugee population respectively.\n\n\n\uf06e Having a chronic, acute, disability disease in the family increases the households\u2019 health-related expenditure.\n\n\n\uf06e Cost of drugs and doctor\u2019s fees constitute the largest barriers to access to health care.\n\n\n\uf06e Households with a member who is ill or has a disability are also more likely to borrow money to spend on health.\n\n\n\uf06e The highest burden of child illness (which includes cough, fever and diarrhea) is in the first two years of life, after which incidence of\nchildhood disease decreases.\n\n\n\uf06e Children under 2 years of age eating diets rich in vitamin A (mainly fruits and vegetables) had a lower incidence of illness.\n\n\n\uf06e Breastfeeding was associated with a lower incidence of fever in children less than 2 years of age.\n\n\n\uf06e Households with poor living conditions, increased crowding and limited access to water, sanitation and hygiene resources, are at\nhigher risk of having a member with an acute illness in the HH.\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n**AVERAGE PER CAPITA MONTHLY HEALTH EXPENDITURE OUT OF TOTAL PER CAPITA**\n**MONTHLY EXPENDITURE - BY HOUSEHOLD HEALTH INDICATORS**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n**HH with at least**\n**one member with**\n**a disability**\n\n\n\n**HH with at least**\n**one member with**\n**chronic illness**\n\n\n\n**HH without** **HH without** **HH without**\n\n**one member with** **one member with**\n\n**chronic illness** **acute illness** **disability**\n\n\n\n**HH with at least**\n**one member with**\n**acute illness**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL**\n**SPENDING**\n\n\n**SPENDING**\n**ON HEALTH**\n\n\n\n**$109.3** **$106.7** **$106** **$108.3** **$103.4** **$108.3**\n\n\n**19.12** **10.7** **18.1** **13** **18.1** **13.6**\n\n\n\nA chronic illness is a health condition or disease that is long-lasting. An acute illness is severe and sudden in onset and relatively short lasting, from a few days to a few months. **7**\nA disability is a persistent condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ASSISTANCE (VASYR 2015)**\n\n\n\nTOTAL POPULATION\n\n\n\nREFUGEES IN NEED OF PRIMARY\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO SECONDARY HEALTH CARE ASSISTANCE (VASYR 2015)**\n\n\n\nDID NOT\nRECEIVE\nNEEDED\nPRIMARY\nHEALTH CARE\n\n\nDID NOT\nRECEIVE\nNEEDED\nSECONDARY\nHEALTH CARE\n\n\n\nTOTAL POPULATION\n\n\n\nREFUGEES IN NEED OF\nSECONDARY HEALTH CARE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO HEALTH ASSISTANCE BY REGION (VASYR 2015)**\n\n\nACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO SECONDARY HEALTH CARE\n0% 50% 0% 50%\n\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**Beirut &**\n**Mt Lebanon**\n\n\n**Akkar**\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n**Beirut &**\n**Mt Lebanon**\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n**Akkar**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CROSS SECTORIAL FINDINGS**\n\n\nHousehold food security and prevalence of a temporary illness were significantly linked, with a 10% decrease in food security associated\nwith 1% increase in the likelihood that at least one member was suffering a temporary illness. This represents both the impact of\ninadequate nutrition on short-run health and the extent to which the illness of an income earner can provide a shock to household food\nsupply.\n\n\nAlthough females were far less likely to have a disability than males, female headed households were actually 6% more likely to have a\nmember in the household with a disability. Despite the fact that assistance programs have specifically targeted households with\nmembers with disability for additional support, these households are still 9% less likely to have access to both primary and secondary\nhealthcare compared to households with no members suffering from a disability.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ASSISTANCE", - "confidence": 0.976871907711029, - "start": 2, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9491884112358093, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6212686896324158, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO SECONDARY HEALTH CARE ASSISTANCE", - "confidence": 0.5873994827270508, - "start": 25, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **LIVELIHOODS**\n\n\n#### **36% 3.8**\n\nof households have no is the average\nworking members dependents to every\nworker\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **39%**\n\nof female headed\nhouseholds had\nworking members\n\n\n#### **$200 18**\n\naverage monthly is the Mean of days\nhousehold key finding worked per HH\n\n\n\n\n- Employment is very unstable: 71% of those who have found employment are engaged in temporary work.\n\n- The mean monthly income of households with at least one permanent worker is $264, while the average for\nthose with one temporary worker is $175.\n\n- Having one working member in the household is associated with better living conditions: families with a\nworking member are 5% more likely to live in an unshared apartment or house.\n\n- Yet even working households are unable to meet their basic needs. Food vouchers are listed as the primary\nsource of income among 48% households with working members.\n\n- This situation is much worse for households headed by women or elderly people. They are far less likely to\nhave members in full-time employment and much more dependent on food vouchers.\n\n- Less than half of households (39%) that lack a working member are able to meet their survival expenses.\n\n- Refugees are increasingly taking on high levels of debt with 89% holding debt of some kind. This is a\nparticular problem for households headed by elder members.\n\n- There is some evidence of child labour with 3.3% households having a working member under the age of 15.\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n**INCOME SOURCES BREAKDOWN**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n60%\n\n\nFirst Income Source\n\nSecond Income Source\n\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nFood Vouchers Non-Agric. Informal Skilled Work Formal Credit Gifts Agricultural Other\nWages Credits Wages\n\n\n\nThird Income Source\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DISTRIBUTION OF NON-WORKING HOUSEHOLD**\n**BY EXPENDITURE CATEGORY** VASYR 2015\n\n\nBelow Survival Expenditure\n\n\nAbove Minimum Expenditure\n\n\n\n**DISTRIBUTION OF WORKING HOUSEHOLD**\n**BY EXPENDITURE CATEGORY** VASYR 2015\n\n\nBelow Survival Expenditure\n\n\nAbove Minimum Expenditure\n\n\nMinimum - Survival Expenditure\n\n\n\n\n\nMinimum - Survival Expenditure\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPermanent Work\n\n\n\n**HOUSEHOLD MAIN INCOME BY DISTRICT** VASYR 2015\n\n\n%100\n\n\n%90\n\n\n%80\n\n\n%70\n\n\n%60\n\n\n%50\n\n\n%40\n\n\n%30\n\n\n%20\n\n\n%10\n\n\n%0\n\n\nFood Vouchers Non Agricultural Wages Agricultural Wages Informal Credit Skilled Labor Formal Credit Gifts Other\n\n\n\n**TYPE OF WORK**\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**AVERAGE DEBT BY DISTRICT** **TEMPORARY TYPE OF WORK**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISTRIBUTION OF NON-WORKING HOUSEHOLD", - "confidence": 0.7901402711868286, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "VASYR 2015", - "confidence": 0.910975456237793, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION**\n##### **2015**\n\n\n#### **27%**\n\nof households have legal\nresidency for all\nmembers\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **60%**\n\naverage share of members\nwithout residency in\nhouseholds that do not\nhave residency for all\nmembers\n\n\n#### **56%**\n\nof the households are using crsis\ncoping strategies, such as\nwithdrawing children from\nschool, early marriage, and\nreducing essential non-food\nspending\n\n\n#### **2.7%**\n\nof the households have a\nmember with a serious\nmedical condition.\n\n\n\n\uf06e Only 26.3% of all households have legal residency for all of their members.\n\n\n\uf06e Among households that do not have a valid residency permit for all their family members, 60% of their members are without legal stay\non average.\n\n\n\uf06e As household size increases, the percentage of households with all family members having a valid residency permit decreased from\n28.3% (for households with three or fewer members) to 22.6% (for households with seven or more members) .\n\n\n\uf06e Out of the 31,379 visited households with seven or more members, only 7,193 households (22.9%) had a valid residency permit for all\ntheir members.\n\n\n\uf06e As dependency ratio increased, the percentage of residents without a valid residency dropped from half of all members of households\nwith a dependency ratio less than one to 39% of households with a dependency ratio greater than 2.\n\n\n\uf06e Only 19% of households living in substandard shelters and 13% of those in other non-standard living arrangements had all their\nmembers with a valid residency.\n\n\n\uf06e 33% of those in unshared apartments and houses had all their members with a valid residency.\n\n\n\uf06e The lowest quintile of households (in terms of per capita expenditure) was about two-thirds as likely to have all their residents with a\nvalid residency compared to the top quintile households (21% vs 32%).\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ALL MEMBERS**\n**HAVING RESIDENCY**\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ALL MEMBERS HAVING**\n**RESIDENCY BY EDUCATION LEVEL OF HEAD OF**\n**HOUSEHOLDS**\n\n\n\nLESS THAN PRIMARY\nEDUCATION\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\nHOUSEHOLD VISITS 2015\n\n\n\nMORE THAN INTERMIDIATE\nEDUCATION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSome members do not have legal residency\n\n\nAll members have legal residency\n\n\n\nSome members do not have legal residency\n\n\nAll members have legal residency\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "valid residency permit", - "confidence": 0.5038954019546509, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5641424059867859, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLD VISITS", - "confidence": 0.7775635719299316, - "start": 443, - "end": 445 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.815686047077179, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9652796387672424, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**% OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE LEGAL**\n**RESIDENCY FOR ALL MEMBERS BY SIZE OF**\n**HOUSEHOLDS**\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE LEGAL**\n**RESIDENCY FOR ALL MEMBERS BY TYPE OF**\n**SHELTER**\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n35%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNon-standard living\n\narrangement\n\n\n\nUnshared\napartments and\n\nhouses\n\n\n\nHH size 3 or fewer HH size 7 or more\nmembers members\n\n\n\nSubstandard\n\nshelters\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE LEGAL RESIDENCY FOR ALL MEMBERS ACROSS DISTRICTS**\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\nHOUSEHOLD VISITS 2015\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CROSS SECTORIAL FINDINGS**\n\nThough one might expect income level to influence households\u2019 ability to pay residence fees, higher household income was not correlated with a higher percentage or number of members having legal residence. Surprisingly, for the average household having all members\nwith legal residence corresponded to a 9.8% decrease in probability a household would have a working member. However, education\nlevel of the household head was influential on residence, with greater than intermediate educated heads having 6.1% less illegal\nmembers than heads with below primary education. For households with children, having full legal residency reduced the likelihood that\nthe household had withdrawn a child from school (either in the past or at present) by 11.9%.\n\n\nLegal residency for all household members was also associated with an 8.2% reduced likelihood of households having borrowed money\nin the last 90 days and 4.8% reduced likelihood of having any outstanding debts. Though households with members without a valid\nresidency permit were on average $89 more indebted than those with ($784 vs. $694); a multivariate regression model (including control\nvariables) does not demonstrate any significant link between residency status and quantity of household debt. These results suggest that\nwhile on average households with valid residency have less debt, this may not be a result of their residency status but rather other associated household and demographic factors. Legal residence is shown to be only slightly correlated with greater food security; each\nadditional member without valid residency is associated with a 0.8% increase in food insecurity.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **2015**\n\n\n## **SHELTER**\n\n\n#### **54% 27%**\n\nof households live in of households living\novercrowded conditions [2 ] in apartments are\nsharing with at least\none other household\n\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n#### **27%**\n\nof households share a\ntoilet with another\nfamily [1]\n\n\n#### **60%**\n\nof households use\nmore than 30% of their\nspending on rent [1 ]\n\n\n1) VASyR 2015 2) 2015 Household visits\n\n\n\n\uf06e The vast majority of refugees (84%) rent apartments, while others live in substandard buildings or informal settlements. Many\nhouseholds share their home with one or more other families.\n\n\n\uf06e About 1/5 of the interviewed household described the shelter they occupy as \u201cdangerously\u201d inadequate. About half the refugee\nhouseholds who described their shelter as \u201cdangerously inadequate\u201d were located in the Bekaa.\n\n\n\uf06e The median rent paid by a refugee household is 200USD/month, similar to the 2014 VASyR figure. Rents nonetheless vary from one\nregion to another, with a mean above 300 USD/month for Beirut and the Metn areas and a mean of less than 130 in Hasbaya, West\nBekaa and El Hermel.\n\n\n\uf06e Refugees allocate a sizable share of their expenditure to shelter, with 60% of the refugees allocating over 30% of their total\nexpenditures to rent only, the threshold beyond which housing policymakers typically concur that subsidies and assistance are\nneeded. Once other housing expenditures are included (water, electricity and gas), an estimated 80% of the refugees exceed 30% of\ntheir total expenditures for shelter costs.\n\n\n\uf06e Shelter vulnerability is generally correlated with level of expenditure, with 74.65% of refugees living in informal settlements, the most\nprecarious type of shelter, typically falling in the lower 40% of households in terms of spending.\n\n\n\uf06e Women headed households and households with a non-working head tended to also be over-represented in the most vulnerable\nshelter conditions.\n\n\n\uf06e More than 1 in 10 households still do not have access to both drinking and domestic water.\n\n\n**HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HH LIVING IN SHELTER TYPE**\n\nVASYR 2015\n2015 HH VISITS\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSubstandard Shelter\n\n\nUnfinished Building\n\n\nOther\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PERCENTAGE OF HH LIVING IN SHELTER TYPE", - "confidence": 0.6722986698150635, - "start": 416, - "end": 423 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9167200326919556, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "VASYR 2015", - "confidence": 0.5086658596992493, - "start": 425, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8267496824264526, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TYPE BY REGION**\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSubstandard Shelter\n\n\nUnfinished Building\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015 vs. HV\n\n\n\n$268\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SPENDING**\n\nVASYR 2015 vs. HV\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5\nexpenditure quintiles\n\n\n**HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN OVERCROWDED**\n**CONDITIONS BY REGION**\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS/REGION THAT**\n**HAVE RECEIVED AN EVICTION NOTICE AT LEAST**\n**ONCE**\n\n\n\n0-29% 30%-39% 40%-59% 60+%\nRent as % of total hh expenditure\n\n\n\nVASYR 2015\n\n57% 58% VASYR 2015\n\n\n\n58%\n\n\n\n\n\n57%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAkkar Bekaa Mnt Lebanon South Tripoli +5\nand Beirut Lebanon\n\n\n**CROSS SECTORIAL FINDINGS**\n\n\n\nAkkar Bekaa Beirut & South Tripoli +5 Total\nMt. Lebanon\n\n\n\nFor the average household, having at least one working member is correlated with a 5% higher likelihood of living in an unshared\napartment or house and a 2.5% lower likelihood of living in informal tented settlements or collective shelter. Having at least one working\nmember was also associated with 16% higher per capita expenditures, 2.5% reduced food insecurity and the household being $190\ndollars less in debt.\n\n\nThe household\u2019s first income source was generally strongly correlated with household per capita expenditures. When compared to\nhouseholds with non-agricultural labor as their primary income source, dependence on food vouchers or formal credits was associated\nwith 16% lower per capita expenditures, and those relying on informal credits had 18% lower expenditures. Primarily drawing income\nfrom gifts was associated with being much worse off and having 49% lower per capita expenditures. Though agricultural laborers had\naround the same expenditure levels as non-agricultural wage laborers, they ironically experienced 12% worse food insecurity. Surprisingly, skilled workers did not have significantly higher expenditures than non-skilled laborers on average. Having diverse sources of income\n(three or more) had a marginal 3% boost to per capita expenditures.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TYPE BY REGION", - "confidence": 0.7913971543312073, - "start": 2, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5012229681015015, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "VASYR 2015", - "confidence": 0.8026681542396545, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.8466463088989258, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b2eb7856-f5d8-3bb3-b2b8-71ddf85547b5/AUB_HH_2015_combined_nolayers.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_231/raw/doc_231_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_231/raw/doc_231_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ce2b112aa51262160578f911ab5a6f86d78ef7e7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_231/raw/doc_231_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# United Nations A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1\n\nDistr.: General\n# **General Assembly**\n1 October 2021\nEnglish\nOriginal: English and French\n\n\n**Executive Committee of the**\n**High Commissioner\u2019s Programme**\n**Seventy-second session**\nGeneva, 4-8 October 2021\nItem 4 (a) of the provisional agenda\n**Consideration of reports on the work of the Standing Committee**\n**International Protection**\n\n## **Note on international protection**\n\n### **Note by the High Commissioner**\n\n\n_Summary_\n\n\nThis note examines trends in international protection from July 2020-June 2021. It highlights\nthe disproportionate effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related measures on\ndisplaced and stateless persons, demonstrating how policies and practices which restrict\naccess to rights undermine the international protection regime. This serves as a sobering\nreminder, 70 years after the adoption of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees, of the need for strengthened international cooperation and solidarity. Yet, the note\nreveals efforts by States to ensure protection, even in times of crisis, and to promote inclusion\nin national systems. It also examines progress towards solutions.\n\n\nGE.21-13965(E)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n### **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. International protection is based on the right to seek and enjoy asylum and the\nprinciple of non-refoulement. These fundamental principles have been honoured by most\nStates since the adoption of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees in July 1951,\n70 years ago, and its 1967 Protocol. Non-refoulement is now well recognized as customary\ninternational law, and the right to asylum is widely reflected in national and regional law and\npractice. Today, 149 States are party to either the 1951 Convention, its 1967 Protocol, or\nboth. These instruments have withstood the test of time and continue to provide a solid\nfoundation for international protection and durable solutions. In the current environment,\nwhere restrictive measures in some countries have denied access to international protection\nfor those who need it, a renewed commitment to the principles enshrined in the\n1951 Convention is crucial.\n\n\n2. At the end of 2020 the number of displaced persons worldwide reached a record\n82.4 million, including 26.4 million refugees and 48 million internally displaced persons\n(IDPs), in addition to an estimated 4.2 million stateless persons. With conflict, persecution\nand human rights violations continuing unabated in many parts of the world, multilateral and\nmulti-stakeholder action is more essential than ever to ensure protection for the displaced and\nto realize sustainable solutions. The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) provides a vision\nand strategy for more equitable and predictable burden- and responsibility-sharing among\nStates. It calls for contributions from an array of actors to support displaced populations and\nhost communities, emphasizing the importance of including displaced and stateless persons\nin educational systems, the labour market and social services. This necessitates sustained\ncommitment from the international community to support developing States hosting\n85 per cent of the world\u2019s displaced.\n\n\n3. The standards set forth in the 1951 Convention, the advancements made in\nimplementing the GCR and the pledges made at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum (GRF) were\nprofoundly tested by COVID-19, a health crisis that also threatened international protection\nand solidarity. The pandemic exposed the fragility of the asylum system and access to\nessential services, including health care in many countries.\n\n\n4. The note on international protection highlights concerns over restrictive policies and\npractices, including serious violations of non-refoulement. At the same time, it demonstrates\nthe benefits of inclusive measures that promote the rights and well-being of the displaced and\nfoster durable solutions.\n\n### **II. International protection of refugees and asylum-seekers**\n\n\n**A.** **Limitations on basic rights**\n\n\n5. Over the past year, UNHCR observed numerous violations of the principle of nonrefoulement. Increased and often violent pushbacks at borders and interceptions at sea were\nreported, leading to return to persecution and other serious human rights violations.\nCOVID-19 exacerbated the situation, as border closures, reduced search-and-rescue, and\nrefusals to disembark rescued persons (sometimes having left those onboard stranded for\nmonths) were justified by the necessity of containing the pandemic. Yet numerous countries\nshowed that arrivals could be safely managed through quarantine and treatment programmes.\n\n\n6. While search-and-rescue capacity in the Mediterranean proved insufficient to prevent\nthe tragic loss of many lives, some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) which attempted\nto rescue persons from vessels in distress, were threatened with criminal prosecution. Boats\ncarrying rescued persons were refused disembarkation by several countries in Asia and the\nPacific, and Europe. In the Caribbean, Venezuelans arriving by boat in countries in the region\nwere reportedly denied access to asylum procedures, and detained and deported for irregular\nentry, leading to family separation and triggering refoulement.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n7. Between March and June 2021, 195 countries implemented emergency measures in\nresponse to COVID-19 which included full or partial border closures; 64 of these countries\nmade no exception for asylum-seekers. Such measures denied asylum to persons in need of\ninternational protection and increased the risks associated with refoulement. In one instance,\nasylum-seekers, with limited exceptions, were required to express their intent to seek asylum\nat embassies in neighbouring countries. As the pandemic fueled increased discrimination,\nxenophobia and hate speech against foreigners in some countries, attacks were reported on\nrefugee camps, host communities and humanitarian workers. This particularly impacted\nrefugees in parts of the Africa and Asia-Pacific regions. While States must protect the lives\nand well-being of their own populations, this is not incompatible with their international\nprotection obligations.\n\n\n8. UNHCR expressed concern about proposals made by some States to externalize\ninternational protection. In June 2021, one country in Europe adopted a legislative proposal\naimed at transferring asylum-seekers to third countries for assessment of their claims for\ninternational protection, undermining international solidarity and raising concern regarding\npotential non-compliance with the 1951 Convention. Another country proposed far-reaching\nmeasures to limit access to territory and to asylum, and to establish a lesser protection status\nfor refugees on the basis of the means by which they arrived in the country. These proposals\nwere closely observed by other States, including some which host far greater numbers of\nrefugees, with far fewer resources to do so. They are inconsistent with the responsibilitysharing objectives of the GCR and the principle of cooperation underlying international\nrefugee law.\n\n\n**B.** **Root causes and human mobility**\n\n\n9. Conflict and violence continued to be major drivers forcing persons to flee their homes\nin search of safety. Heavy fighting in Ethiopia\u2019s Tigray region fueled internal and crossborder displacement into neighbouring countries, with many of the displaced confronted by\narmed groups and facing extreme violence en route. UNHCR worked with the Sudanese\nGovernment to relocate refugees to camps away from dangerous border areas and reduce\novercrowding. The situation of Eritrean refugees in Tigray was of serious concern, with\nhumanitarian access blocked for months amidst reports of ongoing human rights violations\naffecting refugees and host communities.\n\n\n10. March 2021 marked a decade of civil war in the Syrian Arab Republic. Coinciding\n[with this date, UNHCR issued its sixth update on \u201cInternational protection considerations](https://www.refworld.org/docid/606427d97.html)\n[with regard to persons fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic\u201d, confirming that most Syrians](https://www.refworld.org/docid/606427d97.html)\nseeking asylum continue to need international protection. However, some countries hosting\nSyrian refugees questioned the continued need for international protection. UNHCR\nadvocated a comprehensive protection and solutions-oriented approach to the crisis: one that\nensures support to host countries, prioritizes protection and self-reliance for refugees, utilizes\nresettlement as a protection tool and vigorously pursues conditions that will enable voluntary\nreturn.\n\n\n11. Some 1 million Rohingya refugees remained displaced in Bangladesh and other\ncountries of the region. In March 2021, a fire in one of Bangladesh\u2019s largest refugee camps\nleft at least 11 dead and destroyed the shelters of 45,000 persons. A military coup in\nMyanmar in February 2021, followed by violent crackdowns against protesters, further\nundermined prospects for solutions for Rohingya refugees and prompted more to flee and\nseek protection abroad.\n\n\n12. Venezuelans continued to leave their country in increasing numbers due to economic\nand political instability, and insecurity, frequently via dangerous land and sea crossings.\nMany Venezuelans lost their livelihoods and faced eviction and other hardships in\nCOVID-19-affected host countries. Indigenous Venezuelan refugees faced severe challenges\nwhile attempting to make a living and access education and health care, their plight being\nfurther exacerbated by the pandemic. Extreme hardship facing Venezuelans in Latin\nAmerican countries pushed some to decide to return home. In late 2020, this trend reversed,\nwith renewed outflows and onward movements. Colombia\u2019s decree providing a ten-year\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\ntemporary protection status for an estimated 1.7 million Venezuelans will improve protection\nand access to essential services, as well as opportunities for socio-economic inclusion. This\nexemplary measure constitutes a good practice for other States to replicate.\n\n\n13. In many regions, refugees travelled alongside persons moving for other reasons, often\nirregularly along dangerous routes. UNHCR worked with partners to reinforce the rights of\nall persons on the move, including through awareness campaigns and activities to counter\nexploitation by smugglers and traffickers. UNHCR and the United Nations Office on Drugs\nand Crime assumed joint leadership of the Inter-Agency Coordination Group Against\nTrafficking in Persons in 2021, bringing together partners to exchange information and good\npractices, including in support of field operations working to combat trafficking in\ndisplacement settings. UNHCR participated in the Executive Committee of the United\nNations Migration Network to support States in implementing the Global Compact for\nMigration, including with respect to alternatives to detention, access to public health services\nand the safe return of those not needing international protection. UNHCR considers safe,\ndignified and prompt returns to be vital to the credibility of an effective asylum system. At\nregional and country levels, UNHCR supported collaboration on asylum and migration,\nincluding partnerships with issue-based coalitions and regional migration networks.\n\n\n14. Displaced populations were affected by events linked to disasters and climate change,\nwhich exacerbated their situation and hampered humanitarian access. These include suddenonset extreme weather events, such as flooding, and the longer-term impact of drought and\ndesertification. Other natural hazards, including volcanic eruptions, also took their toll.\nGrowing numbers of persons in Central America were forced to leave their homes due to\nconverging factors that escalated insecurity, including endemic gang violence and organized\ncrime. Meanwhile, disasters, flooding and droughts devastated the region, disproportionately\naffecting the poor and insecure. The devastation left behind by Hurricanes Eta and Iota\nwidened inequalities and increased instability in violence-affected communities throughout\nthe region.\n\n\n15. In Somalia, locust swarms destroyed crops and livelihoods, affecting 2.6 million IDPs\nwho were already displaced by flooding and conflict. During the same period, an estimated\n700,000 flood-affected persons in the Sahel sought refuge in overcrowded camps, with\nlimited sanitation facilities and access to medical services, exacerbating the risks posed by\nCOVID-19.\n\n\n16. Global political momentum towards climate action advanced, with a mounting sense\nof urgency and calls for concerted engagement by States, the United Nations and partners.\nUNHCR\u2019s role in protecting displaced populations in highly climate-vulnerable situations\nwas increasingly recognized. The High Commissioner\u2019s Special Advisor on Climate Action\nled extensive consultations with States and partners, including through the 2020 Dialogue on\n[Protection Challenges, to inform the development of a \u201cStrategic framework for climate](https://www.unhcr.org/604a26d84/strategic-framework-for-climate-action)\naction\u201d. Released in February 2021, the framework seeks to provide legal and normative\nguidance; promote the resilience of displaced populations facing climate and environmental\nrisks; enhance preparedness and response measures to tackle displacement in disaster\nsituations; improve environmental protection in displacement settings; and increase the\nenvironmental sustainability of UNHCR\u2019s actions. In the coming year, regional action plans\nbased on the framework will be pursued, addressing context-specific needs and\nopportunities.\n\n\n17. UNHCR supported sustainable energy and environmental initiatives across different\n[operations and implemented the Clean Energy Challenge. Partnerships were reinforced with](https://www.unhcr.org/clean-energy-challenge.html)\nStates through the Platform on Disaster Displacement (PDD) and the Warsaw International\nMechanism Task Force on Displacement. With the support of France and in cooperation\nwith the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the International\nOrganization for Migration (IOM) and the PDD, UNHCR helped address challenges around\nclimate change, disaster displacement and migration driven by environmental degradation in\nWest Africa and the Sahel region.\n\n\n18. [Under its supervisory responsibility, UNHCR issued legal considerations on the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\napplication of the 1951 Convention and regional refugee instruments to asylum claims made\nin the context of the adverse effects of climate change and disasters. Its analysis highlighted\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\nlinkages between climate change, conflict and threats to human rights, concluding that those\nseeking international protection in such contexts will in some cases be entitled to refugee\nstatus.\n\n\n**C.** **Asylum systems**\n\n\n19. COVID-19 presented significant challenges to national asylum systems and to\nUNHCR where it conducts refugee status determination (RSD) under its mandate. These\nincluded the suspension of asylum procedures and registration; border closures restricting\naccess to asylum; the arbitrary detention of asylum-seekers; attempts to terminate\ninternational protection, despite objective country of origin information and country guidance\ndemonstrating international protection needs; and limits on legal representation in asylum\nprocedures.\n\n\n20. While the suspension or partial functioning of asylum systems due to COVID-19\nundermined access to international protection, the pandemic also presented opportunities.\nCrucially, it led to the adaptation of asylum systems to manage crises and the provision of\nregistration and RSD services through remote arrangements. The use of technology enabled\nthe continuation of registration activities, issuance or extension of identification documents,\nand the conduct of asylum interviews and hearings by remote means, including in Austria,\nAzerbaijan, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Estonia, Jordan, Kenya, Mexico and South Sudan.\n\n\n21. Other measures taken to adapt to the situation were made possible through positive\npolitical will. This included the automatic extension by law of identity documents for\nasylum-seekers in a number of European Union Member States, as well as in Brazil, Ghana\nand the Russian Federation, and the conferral of residency rights on asylum-seekers in\nPortugal. Other States took group-based approaches to ensure protection in large-scale\nmovements. Examples include Brazil\u2019s application of the broader refugee criteria under the\nCartagena Declaration to Venezuelans, among other nationalities; Sudan\u2019s declaration of\nprima facie recognition for Ethiopian refugees; and the granting or extension of temporary\nprotection status to persons of various nationalities in the United States of America in 2021.\n\n\n22. The Asylum Capacity Support Group (ACSG) is a key international cooperation\n[mechanism under the GCR. In late 2020, UNHCR issued an operational guide to its working](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ACSG-Guide-to-Working-Modalities-25-March-2021.pdf)\nmodalities, and the Secretariat of the ACSG facilitated the launch of State-to-State support\nmechanisms between Niger and France, Chad and France, and Mexico and Canada, covering\nimplementation of diversified processing modalities. Additional pledges of support are\ncrucial to ensure States receive help to improve their asylum systems. By end-2020, despite\nsubstantial drops in new claims, the global backlog of pending asylum applications was close\nto 4.2 million, a slight increase from the 4.1 million claims pending at end-2019. Adaptive\nmeasures, ensuring equitable access and continuous processing of claims, will be key in\n[easing the backlogs. In 2020, the Office issued revised and detailed \u201cProcedural standards](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e870b254.html)\n[for refugee status determination under UNHCR\u2019s mandate\u201d. Its principles and standards](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e870b254.html)\nsupport enhanced due process and may assist in the development of national asylum\nprocedures and case processing.\n\n\n23. Consistent with its mandate, UNHCR worked with States to guide their interpretation\nand application of the 1951 Convention and other relevant instruments, including through\nnational and regional legislative and judicial fora as well as human rights mechanisms and\ninstitutions. [UNHCR's \u201cHuman rights engagement strategy 2020-2023\u201d, launched in 2020,](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/5fb681264/unhcrs-human-rights-engagement-strategy-2020-2023.html)\nprovides guidance on utilizing human rights mechanisms and leveraging the engagement of\nhuman rights entities in support of refugee protection. Under GRF pledges to provide pro\nbono legal support, over 140,000 hours of free legal aid, legal representation and research\nwere offered on a variety of issues including child protection, livelihoods, RSD and\nstatelessness.\n\n\n**D.** **Individuals and communities**\n\n\n24. COVID-19 demonstrated how age, gender and diversity factors can increase exposure\nto discrimination and abuse. UNHCR witnessed increasing acute mental health and\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\npsychosocial support needs as well as forced marriages, child labour and adolescent\npregnancies during the pandemic, reflecting rising poverty and school closures. Twentyseven countries reported an increase in gender-based violence (GBV) since the beginning of\nthe pandemic, while the GBV situation in over 80 per cent of IDP operations was described\nas severe or extreme.\n\n\n25. [UNHCR issued guidance on age, gender and diversity considerations in the context](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e84a9dd4.html)\n[of COVID-19. It also adapted its GBV prevention and response programming by](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e84a9dd4.html)\nstrengthening collaboration with community and women-led organizations and local\npartners, expanding remote case management and updating GBV referral pathways to\nrespond to survivors\u2019 needs. Many operations created or expanded communication channels\nfor survivors, including emergency hotlines in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon,\nMexico, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Sudan and Zambia. UNHCR and partners assisted\n2 million women and girls through 24/7 GBV hotlines. In the Central African Republic, a\nradio communication strategy led by returnee women and community leaders sensitized\ncommunities on COVID-19 and gender equality. Lifesaving GBV case management services\nwere provided remotely in many operations, while emergency cash assistance supported\nsurvivors and women at risk. In Ecuador, UNHCR supported the opening of a community\ncentre for refugees and Ecuadorian women engaged in the sale and exchange of sex as a\ncoping mechanism. This initiative aimed to promote women\u2019s rights, strengthen peer support\nnetworks, prevent and respond to human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually\ntransmitted infections, and protect against GBV. In Brazil, the fourth round of the\n\u201cEmpowering Refugee Women\u201d initiative was launched by UNHCR, the United Nations\nGlobal Compact and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment\nof Women to expand livelihood opportunities for refugee women and lesbian, gay, bisexual,\ntransgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI+) persons.\n\n\n26. In many countries, displaced women led the response to GBV. In Chad, India, Nigeria\nand Uganda, UNHCR and partners focused on the rights of refugee women and girls to ensure\nequal and meaningful participation in decision-making. Improved participation by women\nand girls in leadership and management were reported in IDP operations in Burkina Faso,\nMyanmar and South Sudan. In Cameroon, UNHCR and partners strengthened women\u2019s\ncapacity to reinforce community mobilization and peaceful coexistence focusing on\neducation, health services and child protection. In the Syrian Arab Republic, 91 women\u2019s\ncommittees across 12 governorates cooperated with GBV community prevention focal points\nto share information on COVID-19 prevention, legal services, and medical, mental health\nand psychosocial support for GBV survivors. In Malawi, 14 refugee-led community-based\norganizations supported referrals to services for GBV survivors. Other operations, such as\nBrazil, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Costa Rica, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ecuador, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria,\nPeru and Senegal, used technology and innovative modalities, such as social media, to\nincrease awareness and access to remote services.\n\n\n27. [UNHCR\u2019s \u201cPolicy on the prevention, risk mitigation and response to gender-based](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/5fa018914/unhcr-policy-prevention-risk-mitigation-response-gender-based-violence.html)\nviolence\u201d, issued in 2020, highlights the Office\u2019s work in this area and recognizes that\nprogramming to prevent and respond to GBV is a lifesaving institutional priority. It also\nemphasizes the importance of embedding gender equality in all aspects of UNHCR\u2019s work.\nDuring the reporting period, experts in GBV prevention and response were deployed through\nthe \u201cSafe from the Start\u201d initiative, funded by the United States of America, to support the\nfollowing operations: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Djibouti, Mali,\nMozambique, Sudan and Yemen, and regional activities in the East and Horn of Africa and\nGreat Lakes, and West and Central Africa. UNHCR promoted gender equality in\nhumanitarian action by building on initiatives such as the gender audits of global processes\naround the Global Refugee Forum and implementation of the GCR, and by becoming a board\n[member of the Compact on Women, Peace and Security and Humanitarian Action.](https://forum.generationequality.org/women-peace-security-and-humanitarian-action-wps-ha-compact)\n\n\n28. Displaced children faced numerous protection challenges, exacerbated by the\npandemic, insufficient funding and limited capacity. UNHCR and partners introduced\nremote case management and advocated the continuation of child protection services during\nlockdowns. They worked with community outreach workers, volunteers and health\nprofessionals through 97 community-based child protection initiatives, including virtual\nchild protection committees and adolescent and children\u2019s support groups.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n29. Information and communication remain vital to prevent incidents and respond to\nprotection concerns for all groups. In Ecuador, UNHCR piloted a WhatsApp chat box as a\ncommunication channel for displaced communities, providing access to information on\nCOVID-19 and essential services. Similar chat box initiatives were piloted in Bolivia\n(Plurinational State of) and Brazil through the U-Report on the Move platform, targeting\nadolescents and youth. The The Regional Support Spaces Network, with 186 structures in\nArgentina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and\nUruguay, furnished information on access to rights and services, supported the identification\nand referral of persons at heightened risk, and provided connectivity, psychological support,\nsafe showers and toilets, and safe spaces for women and children. A regional digital service\nmapping tool helped ensure access to updated information. In Kenya, a call centre was\nadapted to provide a trusted source of information about COVID-19 for displaced and\nstateless persons, while in the Syrian Arab Republic, UNHCR used WhatsApp groups,\nsatellite centres and mobile teams to supplement physical outreach. In Yemen, over\n40,000 targeted visits were conducted to provide information and support vulnerable\nfamilies, persons with disabilities and older persons.\n\n\n30. In many host countries, violence took place against displaced and stateless\npopulations because of their sexual orientation or gender identity \u2013 often the reason why they\nsought asylum in the first place. These individuals frequently received insufficient\ncounseling, health care and support. COVID-19 increased stigmatization and protection\nrisks, while the psychological impact of isolation and socio-economic consequences of\nCOVID-19 exacerbated the difficulties of their displacement. UNHCR collaborated with\nLGBTQI+-led organizations to address the situation. In June 2021, a roundtable was\nconvened by UNHCR and the United Nations Independent Expert on Protection Against\nViolence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity exploring the\nforces driving displacement, the challenges facing those seeking asylum, the push for\ninclusion in national services and the effects of the pandemic on LGBTIQ+ persons.\n\n### **III. Inclusion**\n\n\n**A.** **Self-reliance and social protection**\n\n\n31. The pandemic devastated local economies, with a disproportionately negative effect\non refugees working in local service industry jobs and lacking the protection of social\nbenefits. For instance, the number of Nicaraguan refugees in Costa Rica reporting steady\nwork-related income declined from 93 to 59 per cent since March 2020, forcing many to eat\nonly once or twice a day. In 2021, UNHCR and the World Bank published an update to a\njoint study, highlighting the impact of COVID-19 on poverty among Syrian refugee and host\ncommunities in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. UNHCR reported an increase in requests for cash\npayments among refugees and displaced persons, though underfunding limited its response\ncapacity.\n\n\n32. While refugee inclusion in impact assessments by the UNHCR-World Bank Joint\nData Center on Forced Displacement provided some socio-economic evidence on refugees\nto inform tailored responses, the data available remains insufficient to present a global picture\nof the socio-economic challenges, opportunities and overall impact of the pandemic as\ncompared to national populations.\n\n\n33. Despite the effects of the pandemic, some encouraging initiatives helped boost\nrefugee access to employment in formal economies. Chad adopted legislation granting\nrefugees legal access to the labour market, and Ethiopia issued residence and work permits\nto refugees. Donors supported refugees through cash transfers and small loans to\nentrepreneurs, including in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. In El Salvador, the\nGovernment defined a strategy to guarantee that refugees could access public services, jobs\nand entrepreneurship opportunities. The Netherlands funded the Prospects Partnership, with\nparticipation from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC), together\nwith the International Labour Organization (ILO), UNHCR and the United Nations\nChildren\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). This initiative helped displaced and host communities in the\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\nareas of education, protection and employment in Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya,\nLebanon, Uganda and Sudan. Azerbaijan facilitated access to decent work for refugees. In\nBrazil and Mexico, UNHCR collaborated with partners on the voluntary internal relocation\nof almost 70,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, facilitating access to stable employment,\naccommodation and health services. In both countries, UNHCR\u2019s private sector partners,\nincluding Accenture, Ingka Group, IKEA Foundation, Mabe, Palliser Furniture, and\nWoolworths, agreed to hire refugees. Initiatives, including those led by Settlement Services\nInternational, helped connect refugees to employment opportunities across borders and create\ncomplementary pathways through employment. Progress was made on the International\nChamber of Commerce\u2019s pledge to support their 45 million member companies in hiring\nrefugees. For example, the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce and Industry signed a\nmemorandum of understanding with UNHCR on refugee employment.\n\n\n34. The pandemic provided opportunities for refugees with experience in health care and\ncommunity leaders to be recruited in Colombia, Mexico, Peru and several countries in\nEurope, including Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain and the United\nKingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The European Qualifications Passport for\nRefugees supported Council of Europe efforts to bring refugee health workers into the\nCOVID-19 response.\n\n\n35. Many refugees adapted their businesses and contributed, alongside local enterprises,\nto the production of essential personal protective equipment (PPE), including face masks.\n\nThe African Entrepreneur Collective supported more than 14,600 refugee and host\ncommunity entrepreneurs in Kenya and Rwanda, providing one-time COVID-19 relief\ngrants. UNHCR collaborated with development partners to improve the digital skills of\nrefugees, advocating on behalf of female entrepreneurs and supporting women and girls with\ntraining and computer skills. UNHCR and the United Nations Development Programme are\npreparing to launch a joint consortium in 22 countries that will mobilize employers to provide\ndigital work for refugees and host communities.\n\n\n36. UNHCR supported the inclusion of displaced and stateless populations in social\nprotection systems, from the comprehensive social security schemes of developed economies\nto cash and in-kind transfers in developing countries. Advocacy was reinforced in favour\nof refugee inclusion in national social protection schemes, vital statistics systems and\neconomic development plans. UNHCR supported the Intergovernmental Authority on\nDevelopment (IGAD) in convening a High-Level Experts Meeting on the Implementation of\nthe Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-Reliance for Refugees, Returnees\nand Host Communities. Among key issues discussed was the protection of incomegenerating assets, such as businesses and agricultural assets, to ensure that refugee\nentrepreneurs could re-build their livelihoods once COVID-19 measures were eased. In\nBrazil, refugees had access to emergency relief programmes, including COVID-specific\nsubsidies. Together with partners, UNHCR provided livelihood support to over 1.24 million\nvulnerable displaced persons and host community members affected by COVID-19. The\nPoverty Alleviation Coalition, a consortium led by UNHCR, provided economic recovery\nand self-reliance support to 13,700 refugee and host community households in 2020 through\n[the \u201cgraduation approach\u201d. In Zambia, refugees were included in the Farmer Input Support](about:blank)\nProgramme, an initiative of the Ministry of Agriculture aimed at ensuring resilience of the\nagricultural sector and protecting rural livelihoods and food security in light of severe\nweather conditions. In Rwanda, refugees and host communities were included in agricultural\nprojects with financial support from development partners, including Denmark, under the\nGRF.\n\n\n37. UNHCR and ILO promoted refugee access to national employment services, while\ncollaborating on the Approach to Inclusive Market Systems, which promotes market\nsystem development for entrepreneurs, and small and medium enterprises in forced\ndisplacement settings. UNHCR established partnerships with 19 financial service\nproviders in 12 countries in Africa and the Americas. In 2020, these financial service\nproviders introduced measures to support refugee borrowers, including the re-structuring or\nrefinancing of loans, introduction of repayment moratoria, promotion of digital services and\nprovision of access to recovery credit.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n38. As of June 2020, $2 billion had been allocated under the World Bank\u2019s IDA18\nregional sub-window for refugees and host communities to 14 eligible countries in Africa\nand Asia. UNHCR is working closely with the World Bank on the development and roll-out\nof a Refugee Policy Review Framework to systematically review refugee policy and\ninstitutional environments in eligible countries. It aims to shed light on the extent to which\nWorld Bank engagement has helped support policies on issues including freedom of\nmovement, decent work, environmental management and access to services such as\neducation, healthcare and social protection.\n\n\n**B.** **Education**\n\n\n39. COVID-19 had a devastating impact on the enrolment of refugee children, especially\ngirls, with associated protection risks. Children with disabilities were at increased risk of\nbeing left behind as measures to support home-based learning fell short of their learning\nneeds. Alongside the pandemic, deteriorating security in the Sahel forced thousands of\nschools to close, threatening to undo hard-fought gains in the number of refugee children\nattending school. COVID-19 also undermined protection services delivered through schools,\nincluding psychosocial assistance, academic support for refugee learners and school feeding\nprogrammes. Worsening poverty and income losses meant families had to deprioritize\nspending on education. Continuous violence, insecurity, destruction of infrastructure and\nlack of teaching capacities in Iraq, Libya, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen, aggravated\nby domestic economic decline, put tremendous stress on overstretched educational systems.\nThis jeopardized previous investments and progress made on improving access and learning\noutcomes for displaced and stateless children. Rising teenage pregnancies and child\ntrafficking, as well as child labour, were observed, particularly where adults lost jobs due to\nlockdowns or greater competition for work. A study by the Malala Fund based on lessons\nlearned from past Ebola epidemics showed that 50 per cent of refugee girls in secondary\neducation were at risk of not returning to school. This rose to 100 per cent in some countries\nwhere enrolment rates were low before the pandemic. In the United Republic of Tanzania,\nwhen schools re-opened in June 2020, only about 50 per cent of refugee girls in secondary\neducation returned to school, confirming the risks highlighted by the study.\n\n\n40. School closures had extreme and varied impacts on the academic progress, safety,\nprotection, social-emotional wellbeing and health of displaced children and youth. Because\neducation serves an essential protection function, it is vital that they, especially the most\nmarginalized, can return to school. In response, Malawi took steps to include refugees in\ntheir Growth and Development Strategy III, which includes education as a key priority area.\nBrazil\u2019s Ministry of Education resolved to ensure that refugee and migrant children,\nregardless of their status, were able to exercise their fundamental right to education by\ncreating flexible requirements.\n\n\n41. [In its annual education report 2020, \u201cComing together for refugee education,\u201d](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/5f4f9a2b4/coming-together-refugee-education-education-report-2020.html)\nUNHCR warned of the dire consequences of the pandemic for education. Previously, a\nrefugee child was twice as likely to be out of school as a non-refugee child. This worsens\nwhen parents and guardians are unable to afford school fees or essential remote learning\n[tools. UNICEF and UNHCR collaborated through their \u201cBlueprint for Joint Action\u201d to boost](https://www.unhcr.org/blueprint-for-joint-action.html)\nrefugee enrolment, aimed at reaching up to 10 million refugee children and host communities.\nIn countries where refugee children and youth were included in national response plans and\nefforts to ensure the continuation of learning during school closures, lessons continued\nthrough television and community radio broadcasting, digital platforms, small group tutoring\nsessions and self-study packs in low-resource contexts. UNHCR assisted 934,000 students\nin 74 countries to follow distance- and home-based learning. Continuity in education during\nschool closures helped protect refugee children and youth and offered alternatives to negative\ncoping mechanisms. In countries where refugee teachers were not part of the national\neducation workforce, UNHCR advocated with donors and partners to ensure that teachers\ncontinued to receive incentive payments during school closures.\n\n\n42. UNHCR worked with stakeholders to facilitate safe return to school for refugee\nchildren, teachers and the wider community. Water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, a\nkey factor in ensuring the safe re-opening of schools, was strengthened through the\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\nconstruction and rehabilitation of school sanitation facilities and the distribution of health\nand hygiene kits. Teachers and educational personnel participated in training sessions on\nhygiene and health safety, and were provided with PPE.\n\n\n43. The Accelerated Education Working Group, chaired by UNHCR, leveraged partner\nexpertise to guide educational institutions on how to help learners catch up. It also engaged\nwith the [Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies, hosting webinars on](https://inee.org/)\nalternative education and key recommendations in light of COVID-19.\n\n\n44. UNHCR\u2019s tertiary education scholarship programme continued to support refugee\nstudents throughout closure periods. Italy offered educational corridors for refugee\nuniversity students. In Brazil, 329 refugees and asylum-seekers are completing their\nundergraduate studies and 76 had their diplomas revalidated through the activities of the\nSergio Vieira de Mello Academic Chair, a joint initiative by UNHCR and more than\n25 higher education institutions. Some higher education partners, for example in Kenya,\nprovided laptops, smartphones and data bundles to refugees, and verified that students had\naccess to electricity in camps through partnerships with onsite organizations.\n\n\n**C.** **Health**\n\n\n45. Many displaced and stateless persons faced increased risk of infection, living in\nconditions that prevented them from observing social distancing and implementing hygiene\nmeasures. In some situations, they were prevented from accessing treatment for health\nconditions. While recognizing that many countries hosting large refugee populations have\noverstretched health systems, ensuring access to health is an essential precondition to the\nenjoyment of rights associated with international protection and durable solutions. Many\nStates did, however, extend COVID-19 health services to refugees and other displaced\npersons, consistent with their GRF pledges on inclusive access to health care.\n\n\n46. Some States require support to address the health needs of host communities and\ndisplaced populations. Financial and technical assistance is crucial to strengthen national\nhealth systems, in line with the GCR. UNHCR advocates the inclusion of displaced and\nstateless populations in national vaccination plans, on par with citizens and in line with the\nCOVAX allocation principles and the Humanitarian Buffer. In areas where UNHCR\ninvested in building relationships of trust with communities before the pandemic, operations\nwere better placed to respond to COVID-19 and ensure continued critical services. In\nLebanon, more than 450 refugees with medical skills were mobilized as community health\nvolunteers, focusing on COVID-19 awareness, hygiene, surveillance and the provision of\ninitial advice. Playing a crucial role in sensitizing refugees about COVID-19 testing, they\nworked to mitigate community concerns and reduce the risk of stigmatization.\n\n\n**D.** **Mental health and psychosocial support**\n\n\n47. Mental health among displaced populations is a critically under-served need. To\ncombat the growing mental health crisis, strengthen positive coping skills and protect the\npsychosocial well-being of refugees and other displaced persons, the Olympic Refugee\nFoundation launched an initiative to provide opportunities for sport to help displaced persons\ncope with the effects of the pandemic. Brazil\u00b4s Santos Football Club and Peru\u2019s Club Alianza\nLima partnered with UNHCR to support refugee integration, pledging to provide\nscholarships for refugees to attend sports camps and train coaches to address xenophobia.\nRecognizing the mental health and psychosocial impact of the pandemic, community\nmembers in Dohuk, Iraq were trained remotely in psychological first aid and positive coping\nmechanisms. Outreach volunteers supported the development of COVID-19 health and\npsychosocial support materials in Arabic and Sorani Kurdish, to be shared through radio\nprogrammes, WhatsApp networks and social media platforms.\n\n\n48. The pandemic underscored the importance of prioritizing mental health and\npsychosocial support among displaced persons. The lack of economic opportunities\nincreased the strain on mental health, contributing to increased gender-based violence,\ndomestic violence and self-harm among the displaced.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n**E.** **Persons with disabilities**\n\n\n49. A five-year \u201cAction plan on disability inclusion\u201d to advance the rights of persons with\ndisabilities was launched across UNHCR\u2019s workforce and operations in 2020. Access to\neducation for children with disabilities during lockdown, such as developing tele-counselling\nsessions with parents and children with disabilities, and access to COVID-19 socioeconomic\nefforts, providing targeted access to livelihoods, were key areas of focus. Persons with\ndisabilities were involved in COVID-19 response planning in Ethiopia, Jordan and Kenya,\nand in the Americas region. UNHCR collaborated with the Latin American Network of\nNon-Governmental Organizations of Persons with Disabilities and their Families to adapt\ninformation materials and communication channels on COVID-19 and GBV prevention and\nresponse, to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities. Similar adaptations were\nreported in Kenya, Lebanon, Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. In the\n[Middle East and North Africa region, a research study entitled \u201cPower of inclusion\u201d, which](https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2020/10/Power-of-Inclusion.pdf)\nmapped the needs of refugees with disabilities, provided operational guidance to strengthen\nresponses to COVID-19 and gender-based violence.\n\n\n**F.** **Older persons**\n\n\n50. [UNHCR\u2019s guidance on working with older persons in displacement settings was](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=4ee72aaf2&skip=0&query=need%20to%20know%20guidance%20older%20people)\nupdated in early 2021. Operations reported dedicated measures to ensure the inclusion of\nolder persons in the COVID-19 response. This included initiatives to facilitate targeted\naccess to cash, food and hygiene materials.\n\n\n**G.** **Social cohesion**\n\n\n51. Cities around the world helped ensure that local efforts to address the pandemic did\nnot exclude anyone based on their immigration or refugee status. UNHCR collaborated with\nthe Mayors Migration Council, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, IOM and\nothers to develop [key messages and policy](about:blank) [guidance for cities.](about:blank) In follow-up to its GRF\npledges, the city of Bristol, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,\nestablished the #WeAreBristol campaign to support social cohesion, promoting an inclusive\nlocal identity and preventing discrimination and xenophobia. UNHCR and the city of S\u00e3o\nPaolo, Brazil, jointly developed a standard operational protocol to guide aimed at preventing\ndiscrimination in access to social assistance services and food distribution for transgender\nmigrants and refugees.\n\n\n52. In Colombia, UNHCR\u2019s _[Somos Panas Colombia](https://somospanascolombia.com/)_ campaign discouraged xenophobia\nand encouraged solidarity towards Venezuelans. In the framework of the regional response\n[for Venezuelans (R4V) coordination platform, UNHCR and partners advocated the inclusion](https://r4v.info/en/situations/platform)\nof refugees and migrants in national vaccination plans and countered misinformation through\nan inter-agency social media package on COVID-19 vaccinations. In November 2020, the\nDepartment of the Interior and Local Government in the Philippines instructed local\ngovernment units to promote the inclusion of displaced and stateless persons in response to\nthe pandemic.\n\n\n53. Religious leaders came together to support displaced and stateless populations. In\nApril 2021, Religions for Peace and UNHCR launched the Multi-religious Council of\nLeaders, with the objective of advocating conflict prevention, reconciliation and\npeacebuilding in challenging humanitarian and displacement contexts. Leading up to the\nnext GRF in 2023, the Council will work to counter xenophobia, strengthen multi-religious\nefforts to address the root causes of conflict and displacement, and support peacebuilding,\nreconciliation and the inclusion of displaced and stateless persons at the global, regional and\nnational levels. In October 2020, UNHCR released guidance on addressing racism and\nxenophobia.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n### **IV. Solutions**\n\n\n**A.** **Voluntary repatriation**\n\n\n54. In 2020, 250,000 refugees returned to their countries of origin, a decrease of 21 per\ncent over 2019. Organized returns were hampered by the suspension of voluntary repatriation\noperations following COVID-19-related border closures, while the pandemic triggered\npremature returns or onward movements, particularly when individuals faced difficulties in\nhost countries. Returns continued to be limited as obstacles persisted in many countries of\norigin, including ongoing insecurity and a lack of essential services and livelihood\nopportunities to ensure the sustainability of this solution.\n\n\n55. Among other challenging developments in the context of COVID-19, a drastic\nreduction in returns was observed in the Middle East and North Africa region, where some\n38,600 Syrian refugees returned home. This represented a decline of 60 per cent compared\nto the previous year. In the Syrian Arab Republic, UNHCR provided returning refugees and\nother vulnerable populations with humanitarian assistance and other services through a\nnetwork of community centres. In support of the fundamental right of refugees to return\nhome, UNHCR continued efforts to create the conditions for voluntary repatriation in safety\nand dignity when the situation permits. In anticipation of further returns when conditions\nimprove, UNHCR and partners strengthened preparedness and planning for returns, guided\n[by the \u201cComprehensive protection and solutions strategy: A roadmap to advance resettlement](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/63759.pdf)\nand complementary pathways in the Syria crisis\u201d and the GCR.\n\n\n**B.** **Resettlement and complementary pathways to admission**\n\n\n56. Movement restrictions and lack of access to refugees because of the pandemic meant\nUNHCR and its partners had to significantly scale back resettlement activities, while States\nhad to cancel most selection missions. Resettlement and complementary pathway admissions\nwere also affected by travel restrictions, contributing to the lowest resettlement rates in two\ndecades. Despite the pandemic, UNHCR was able to submit the resettlement cases of over\n39,500 refugees to 25 countries for consideration. This represented approximately half of\nthe submissions made in 2019. However, in 2020, only 22,800 refugees departed for\nresettlement with UNHCR\u2019s assistance.\n\n\n57. The interim report on UNHCR\u2019s \u201cThree-year strategy (2019-2021) on resettlement\nand complementary pathways\u201d, reported on progress achieved, notwithstanding the limited\nnumber of available resettlement places and departures in 2020. Under the joint UNHCRIOM Sustainable Resettlement and Complementary Pathways Initiative, capacity-building\ninitiatives were carried out in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, with the initiation or revision\nof national action plans on resettlement.\n\n\n58. The number of complementary pathways remains limited. A joint study from\n[UNHCR and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSafe pathways](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/UNHCR%20Safe%20Pathways%20for%20Refugees%20II%20Web-version001.pdf)\n[for refugees II\u201d, analyses data on refugees accessing complementary pathways from 2010 to](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/UNHCR%20Safe%20Pathways%20for%20Refugees%20II%20Web-version001.pdf)\n2019. Despite State efforts during the past decade, the study highlights that existing costs\nand documentation requirements, among other barriers, continue to prevent families from\nbeing reunited, and skilled refugees from accessing employment opportunities in third\ncountries.\n\n### **V. Stateless persons**\n\n\n59. Stateless persons were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and related\nmitigation measures due to their lack of nationality. In many contexts, they were unable to\naccess testing and treatment in the absence of legal status and were excluded from social\nservices. The loss of livelihoods and limited access to education and other social services\nworsened existing inequalities and increased protection risks.\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Safe pathways", - "confidence": 0.6342849731445312, - "start": 520, - "end": 522 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5346691012382507, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6005737781524658, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5597088932991028, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n60. To be effective, vaccination programmes need to be inclusive, with prioritization\nbased on public health considerations. Stateless persons risk exclusion from national\nimmunization plans, regardless of whether their age, health status or role in society would\notherwise place them in a priority group.\n\n\n61. In other respects, the protection of stateless persons improved in several countries. In\nIceland, steps to align domestic laws with international standards on the protection of\nstateless persons culminated in the country\u2019s accession to the 1954 Convention relating to\nthe Status of Stateless Persons in January 2021. The Government subsequently developed\nstandard operating procedures to give effect to a 2018 Act establishing a dedicated\nstatelessness determination procedure. Statelessness determination procedures are key to the\nability of governments to identify stateless persons and provide them with protected status.\nStatelessness status ensures that individuals can enjoy a range of basic rights, including\naccess to healthcare, education and social security. Statelessness determination procedures\nwere established in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, with C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire becoming the\nfirst country in the African continent to take this important step. Sudan ratified the\nInternational Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, paving the\nway toward the removal of gender discrimination in nationality law.\n\n\n62. Several States adopted legislative amendments and resolutions to regularize the stay\nof stateless persons and grant them associated rights. In January 2021, Thailand\u2019s Cabinet\napproved a resolution providing access to legal immigration status and permanent residency\nfor registered stateless persons residing in Thailand for at least 15 years. The resolution\nenhances entitlements for up to 400,000 registered stateless persons and will facilitate access\nto Thai nationality. Similarly, in February 2021, the Russian Federation endorsed\namendments according to which stateless former citizens of the Union of Soviet Socialist\nRepublics (USSR) will be able to obtain identity cards and be granted the right to work,\nobtain residency and access naturalization. In November 2020, the Philippines issued a\ncircular to ensure that displaced and stateless persons have uniform access to basic services\nand assistance at the local level, particularly in public emergencies. A comprehensive\noverview of developments on statelessness, including efforts to prevent and resolve\nstatelessness, in line with the goal of the #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness by 2024,\nis contained in EC/72/SC/CRP.11 available from [https://www.unhcr.org/standing-](https://www.unhcr.org/standing-committee-meetings.html)\n[committee-meetings.html.](https://www.unhcr.org/standing-committee-meetings.html)\n\n### **VI. Internally displaced persons**\n\n\n63. At the end of 2020, more than 48 million persons were internally displaced due to\nconflict, violence and human rights violations. Countries witnessing the most conflict-related\nnew displacements included Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Colombia, the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Niger, Nigeria, Mozambique, Sudan, the Syrian\nArab Republic and Yemen. Disasters, including climate-related, triggered millions of new\ndisplacements, including in 45 out of 50 countries with conflict-related internal displacement.\n\n\n64. Despite widespread support for the United Nations Secretary General\u2019s call for a\nglobal ceasefire during the COVID-19 pandemic, armed conflict continued to pose major\nprotection challenges. Countries most affected by internal displacement were also among\nthose with the most reported civilian casualties, including Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Libya,\nMozambique, Somalia, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen. While noting recent advances\nin Afghanistan, Sudan and Ukraine, the inclusion of internal displacement in national\nprotection of civilians frameworks and policies is critical in order to reduce or mitigate the\nrisk of displacement, ensure civilians can flee to safety when needed, safeguard protection\nand facilitate the achievement of durable solutions.\n\n\n65. UNHCR has long promoted the development and implementation of national IDP\nlaws and policies, recognizing that internal displacement must be addressed as a matter of\nlegal obligation and national interest. Since the establishment of the 1998 Guiding Principles\non Internal Displacement, States adopted more than 80 IDP laws and policies. During the\nreporting period, UNHCR supported over 10 countries through the provision of legal and\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\ntechnical advice as well as capacity-building, and by consistently advocating the direct\nparticipation of affected communities in developing legal frameworks.\n\n\n66. UNHCR continued to chair the Global Protection Cluster (GPC) Task Team on Law\nand Policy, a platform bringing together humanitarian, human rights and development\npartners. Regionally, UNHCR collaborated with the African Union, as well as ECOWAS,\nIGAD and the Southern African Development Community, on the ratification, domestication\nand implementation of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of\nInternally Displaced Persons in Africa. Domestication processes were initiated in Burkina\nFaso and Mozambique. UNHCR also strengthened its dialogue with the International\nConference of the Great Lakes Region to advance protection and durable solutions for IDPs.\n\n\n67. Throughout the reporting period, UNHCR engaged in 33 countries with internal\ndisplacement, ramping up its engagement in rapidly evolving IDP emergencies in Azerbaijan,\nBurkina Faso, Burundi, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique and Niger. In Burkina Faso, UNHCR\nprovided support to host communities providing land to IDPs, while in conflict-affected areas\nof Nigeria, UNHCR partnered with the national bar association to facilitate access to justice\nfor vulnerable IDPs.\n\n\n68. While exacerbating the protection concerns of already vulnerable displaced\npopulations, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for public health responses that\nare inclusive of IDPs. UNHCR increased its support to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on\nIDPs, nearly all of whom live in low- and middle-income countries or those with\ninfrastructure devastated by conflict. UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red\nCross issued common protection messages on COVID-19 to all country representatives and\ndelegations, and issued operational guidance to all clusters through the GPC. In countries\nsuch as Burkina Faso, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras and Sudan, UNHCR worked\nalongside partners to ensure displaced persons had access to healthcare by directly supporting\nregional health authorities to strengthen their prevention and response capacity. In the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique and Somalia, UNHCR strengthened\nawareness-raising on COVID-19 prevention and ensured communication even when IDPs\ncould not be reached in person. To address the risk of eviction, UNHCR increased cash\nassistance to vulnerable IDPs, particularly in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo, Iraq and Ukraine.\n\n\n69. UNHCR strengthened efforts to address climate-related displacement in\n[implementing its 2019 IDP policy and its \u201cStrategic framework on climate action\u201d. In 2020,](https://www.unhcr.org/604a26d84.pdf)\nthrough the twentieth anniversary of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (GP20)\ninitiative, UNHCR co-organized a regional exchange on disaster displacement in Asia,\ntogether with the Disaster Displacement Working Group for Asia and the Pacific, the PDD\nand the Secretariat of the High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement.\n\n\n70. In fostering multi-stakeholder action on internal displacement, UNHCR continued to\n[co-chair and host the Secretariat for the \u201cGP20 plan of action\u201d through its third and final year.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/unhcr-gp20-plan_of_action-a5-scren.pdf)\nUNHCR, along with the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\nand the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of IDPs, spearheaded efforts to galvanize\nstakeholders on prevention, protection and solutions to internal displacement, including with\na compilation of national practices capturing 22 country examples. In 2021, GP20 was\nsucceeded by GP2.0 as an informal platform for joint initiatives and the sharing of good\npractices. UNHCR also collaborated with the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of\nIDPs on the provision of joint support at the country level, the organization of an\nintersessional seminar of the Human Rights Council on GP20, and on the Special\nRapporteur\u2019s report to the United Nations General Assembly and the GPC annual forum.\n\n\n71. COVID-19 necessitated the improved collection and use of information on new or\nshifting protection challenges and on how the protection clusters were responding. The GPC\nfocused on communicating the latest developments, including through regular situation\nreports. A Task Team on Human Rights Engagement under the GPC was established,\nbringing together more than forty NGOs and United Nations entities involved in\nhumanitarian and human rights work. The objective is to reinforce engagement with national,\nregional and United Nations human rights mechanisms and entities, strengthening respect for\nthe rights of IDPs.\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/1211/Rev.1**\n\n\n72. UNHCR led the GPC in 29 out of 32 protection cluster and cluster-like mechanisms.\nThe GPC undertook field missions to Ethiopia and Sudan, and provided remote support and\ntechnical advice to field protection clusters around the world. The GPC focused on gathering\nthe latest evidence on protection matters, integrating data from national clusters. The\n2020 Global Protection Forum brought together over 3000 humanitarian, peace and\ndevelopment partners, academics, States and donors to discuss contemporary challenges and\nlessons learned, and to provide direction to the protection clusters. More details on\nUNHCR\u2019s operational engagement with IDPs can be found in EC/72/SC/CRP.14 available\n[from https://www.unhcr.org/standing-committee-meetings.html.](https://www.unhcr.org/standing-committee-meetings.html)\n\n### **VII. Conclusion**\n\n\n73. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, positive examples of inclusion of refugees\nand other persons of concern, including access to health services and vaccines, education,\nand economic and livelihood opportunities, provide inspiration to States and other\nstakeholders on how to better manage the current and future crises. These examples highlight\nthe firm commitment of many States to the values of international refugee law even in the\nface of unprecedented national challenges and demonstrate that addressing both are not\nincompatible. UNHCR underscores that public health measures do not justify breaches of\nthe principle of non-refoulement or denial of access to asylum. It calls on all States to\ncontinue to honour the spirit and the letter of the 1951 Convention and the GCR, and to\nredouble efforts to ensure respect for the rights of refugees, IDPs and stateless persons\nthrough inclusion in national safety nets. To do so is in the interest of public health and\nglobal well-being. The purpose and intent of the 1951 Convention, born of a spirit of global\nsolidarity to address the plight of millions of forcibly displaced persons in the wake of World\nWar II, endures as humanity grapples with the scourge of conflict alongside many new\nchallenges.\n\n\n____________\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e95e7ee-0e41-3c69-ae79-418202983ef6/A_AC.96_1211_REV.1_E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_232/raw/doc_232_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_232/raw/doc_232_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 29a8360a7a10a229f24a0f24638b794d416501e1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_232/raw/doc_232_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Jan - June (2024)**\n\n\n**Protection Risks and Response Narrative for Aden, West Coast, and Marib Sub-Hubs**\n\n\n**Overview:** The governorates of Aden, Lahj, Abyan, Shabwah, Marib, Taiz, Al-Dhale\u2019, and Hadhramaut,\nand the West Coast, is facing a complex humanitarian crisis with significant protection risks due to the\nongoing conflict, natural disasters, and limited access to basic services. Protection risks such as Housing, Land, and Property-related Risks, Heavy rains and floods, Cholera Outbreaks, fire incidents, Unexploded Ordnances (UXOs) and Explosive Remnants of War (ERW), and other protection risks include\ngender-based violence, child protection issues, lack of access to civil documentation, and the vulnerability of marginalized groups, such as the Muhamasheen, to discrimination and exclusion. Concerted\nefforts are needed to strengthen the coordination of protection responses, enhance early warning\nsystems, and address the underlying drivers of the crisis to ensure the safety and well-being of the\naffected population in the Aden hub.\n\n\n**Protection Risks**\n\n\n**1. Hazardous Living Environment**\n\n\n**Governorate: Abyan, Hudaydah, Shabwa, Ad Dhalea, Taiz, Hadramout, Aden, Marib**\n**District: Khanfar, Khokha, Ataq, Ash Shihr City, Qataba, Mukha, Al Mansoura, Marib City, Marib**\n**Alwadi**\n**Main Agents Responsible: Electrical fault, and gas leakage.**\n\n\n**Incident Summary:** Fire incidents are frequently occurred and reported in Aden hub mainly in Marib\nand West Coast particularly in the summer season. A number of fire incidents reported as a result of\neither electrical short circuit or cooking gas leakage affecting families in IDP sites.\n\n\n**Details of incidents:**\n\n\n - On January 2nd, a fire at Alkud Alwadi IDPs site Khanfar district in Abyan Governorate resulted\nin three households losing their shelters, NFIs, food rations, and civil documents.\n\n - **Response** : The NRC protection team, in coordination with Aden SNPC, assessed the needs of\naffected population and planned to restore lost civil documentation.\n\n\n - On January 11th, a fire at Al Yabli IDPs site in Khokha city in Hudaydah Governorate led to\nseven households losing their shelters, NFIs, food rations, livestock, and civil documents.\n\n - **Response** : The DRC protection team provided psychosocial first aid (PFA), protection cash to\nthe most affected families, and referred to other clusters including Shelter Cluster for further\nsupport.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- On January 30 [th], a fire at Al Mudhalil IDPs site in Ataq city in Shabwa Governorate resulted in\n12 families losing their shelters, food rations, and all their belongings.\n\n\n**Response** : The protection partner, SHS, responded Assessment, PSS, with Cash for Protection,\nand referral to other clusters for further support.\n\n\n- On February 14th, a fire incident at Al Khazzan IDPs site Ash Shihr City in Hadramout led to\nthe total loss of one displaced family's shelter and belongings. Due to lack of funding, there\nhas been a total absence of protection partners in the governorate to support in reporting the\nsignificant gap in emergency response.\n\n\n- In March, a number of fire incidents throughout Marib city caused extensive damage and\ninjuries, including a fire resulting from a gas cylinder explosion.\n\n\n**Response** : detailed responses included PSS, awareness sessions, and referrals to health\npartners, Shelter cluster, and emergency cash assistance was provided to affected cases.\n\n\n- On April 2nd, a fire incident at Al Mudhalil IDPs site in Ataq district in Shabwa Governorate led\nto the loss of housing, NFIs, food ratio and displacement of 3 households.\n\n\n**Response** : The Protection Cluster partner, SHS, conducted an assessment for needs of the\naffected IDP households as well as provided psychosocial support, cash for protection for\nimmediate needs, as well as referrals to other clusters including Shelter for further support.\n\n\n- On April 15 [th], a fire incident in Western Sahda-B IDPs site in Qataba in Ad Dhalae Governorate\nresulted in loss of shelter, NFIs, food ration, civil documentation, and other belongings for 2\nhouseholds.\n\n\n**Response** : The PC partner, FMF, responded by conducting an assessment and providing\npsychosocial support as well as cash for protection aimed at supporting immediate needs and\nacquisition of national IDs.\n\n\n- On June 2 [nd], a fire in Al-Gljarari area in Mukha district in Taiz Governorate led to significant\nloss for one household.\n\n\n**Response** : Protection and support were provided by Aden sub-national protection cluster and\nWest Coast Protection Working Group in coordination with partners to respond with\nprotection assistance including assessment, PSS, cash for protection, and referrals.\n\n\n- On June 4th, another fire incident resulted in the loss of shelters and essentials for three\nhouseholds in Al Mansourah district in Aden Governorate.\n\n\n**Response** : Coordinated efforts by Aden SNPC and the protection partners, SHS, provided\nnecessary protection assistance including assessment PFA, Legal, Cash for protection, and\nreferrals to other cluster for further support.\n\n\n- Between January \u2013 June, according to Marib executive unit, 68 fire incidents broke out, 135\nshelters (84 IDP shelters, and 51 migrant shelters) burnt down in various locations and IDP\nsites in Marib. 2 IDP cases died, and 25 cases injured (13 IDPs, and 12 migrants). The fires were\ncaused by electrical faults, and gas leakage.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Response** : Referred to shelter/ NFI, and health and wash clusters. Provide psychosocial support, legal counseling, and a little bit affected families received cash for protection. Awareness\nraising sessions.\n\n\n**Gaps:** Total absence of protection partners in Hadramout Governorate to identify the gap, conduct\nassessment, and do emergency responses required.\n\n\n**2. HLP-Related Risks (Evictions)**\n\n\n**Governorates: Hadramout, Shabwa, Marib**\n**Districts: Mukalla, Nisab, Marib city, Marib Alwadi**\n**Main Agents Responsible: Houseowners/landlords**\n\n\n**Incident Summary:** Eviction threats are a significant challenge for IDPs in Aden hub, exacerbated by\nescalating real estate costs. High-priority eviction threats include:\n\n\n - On January 30th, Local authorities issued eviction notices to families at the Ibn Sinaa IDPs site\nin Mukalla city in Hadramaout Governorate, demanding they vacate a government building\nwithin 30 days.\n\n\n**Response** : An Ad-Hoc meeting led by the CCCM cluster discussed the eviction threat; the\nprotection partner, FMF, along with CCCM team conducted an intention survey for the\nrelocation.\n\n\n - On February 28th, a discussion on eviction threats at Ibn Sina IDPs site in Mukalla in\nHadramout Governorate with potential relocation rejected by local authorities.\n\n\n**Response** : The tri-cluster partners, FMF, CCCM, and ExU teams attempted to negotiate\nalternative solutions without success, leading to the relocation of IDPs to an abandoned\nabattoir.\n\n\n - On May 15th, around 40 households living in Amkdat IDP-housing site in Nisab district in\nShabwa Governorate received eviction notice from their landlord who said they wanted to\ninvent in their land.\n\n\n**Response** : Negotiations through the HLP WG together with the Executive Unit led to a delay\nin the eviction, as the HLP WG worked with the ExU to identify an alternative land and for a\nmulti-cluster land suitability assessment alongside other processes to be concluded including\nintention survey .\n\n\n - Between January - June, the HLP working group reported 37 IDP sites under threat of eviction\naffecting 6,553 HHs in Marib city and Marib Alwadi. Landlords want to revive their lands for\nprivate purposes such as investment.\n\n\n**Response:** 7 IDP sites under eviction were addressed. Response varied between resolving the\nland dispute or relocating to new lands.\n\n\n - Between January - June 2024, the Executive Unit for IDP Camps Management - Marib reported\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18,934 HHs under eviction threat from rented accommodation in Marib city due to accumulated rent arrears.\n\n\n**Response** : No response, as the case under discussion between protection cluster and HLP.\n\n\n**Gaps:** Lack of alternative lands and the absence of an HLP focal point in the west coast, At Turba,\nand Hadramout. Proposed alternative lands by local authorities are not suitable and sometimes due\nto limited availability of transitional shelters or high cost of the new land settlement or relocation.\nLimit of cash for protection particularly to support with relocation.\n\n\n**3. Environmental Factors**\n\n\n**Governorates: Lahj, Al-Mahrah, Marib, Al Jawf**\n**Districts: Habilain and Radfan, Tuban, Marib city, Marib Alwadi, Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af**\n**Protection Risk: Heavy Rains and Floods**\n\n\n**Incident Summary:** Heavy rains and flash floods have frequently devastated IDP camps across Aden\nhub since January 2024. Thousands of internally displaced people living in makeshift shelters have had\ntheir homes and livelihoods destroyed by the flooding.\n\n\n - On May 1st, heavy rains in a number of districts in Al-Mahra Governorate resulting floods\naffected over 1250 households in various locations, causing damage to shelter and\nfarmlands leading to loss of NFIs and food supplies.\n\n\n**Response** : Due to a total absence of protection partners in AL-Mahra, the Executive Unit\nmonitored the situation and coordinated assistance with the local authorities and the few\nhumanitarian actors in the neighboring areas.\n\n\n - On June 26 [th], severe weather conditions impacted around 170 households Habilain and\nRadfan district in Lahj.\n\n\n**Response** : Comprehensive assessments and aid distribution were undertaken for the affected\nfamilies.\n\n\n - On June 27th, a sandstorm caused a complete destruction of around 110 shelters in Tuban in\nLahj.\n\n\n**Response** : Immediate relief and recovery efforts were coordinated among clusters and\npartners mainly the protection partners, SHS, to provide the necessary need assessment and\nemergency response including protection assistance.\n\n\n - Between April 16 [th] 21 [st], heavy rain fell in AlRayan area in Kab Wal Shaaf district in Al-Jawf\ngovernorate causing moderate / high destruction to the IDPs\u2019 shelters and properties. They\nwere no reports of human casualties or household displacement. According to the Al-Jawf\nExcutive Unit\u2019s report, 400 families had shelters that were completely damaged, while 1,300\nfamilies\u2019 shelters were partially damaged.\n\n\n**Response** : No response, protection partners provide urgent protection activities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Between March and April, Based on CCCM, 10,057 families\u2019 shelters were partially and completely damaged by heavy rain and floods in various locations in Marib, 598 individuals were injured.\n\n\n**Response** : Psychosocial support, legal counseling and raising awareness session.\n\n\n**Gaps:**\n\n\n1. Lack of service providers in Al-Mahrah and Lahj, Harib, Raghwan.\n2. Absence of protection partners in Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af, Al Jawf governorate.\n3. Inadequate coverage even when some service providers are available.\n4. Unequal distribution of services, focusing solely on IDPs.\n\n\n5. **Cholera Outbreak:** A significant cholera outbreak has been spreading in the entire Aden hub\n\nmainly Marib sub-hub since March 2024 \u2013 the need was dire, and the response was inadequate.\n\n\n**Incident Summary:**\n\n\n**Marib \u2013 Marib City (Cholera/AWD outbreak)**\n\n\n - Till July 31 [st], there were 939 cases of suspected AWD, 43 confirmed cholera cases, one case\npassed away.\n\n\n**Response Activities:** Protection partners refer cases to health partners for assistance. Protection\nCluster partners worked alongside Health and WaSH cluster partners in raising awareness on the\noutbreak as well as providing psychosocial support.\n\n\n**Gaps:** Limited capacity and resources to identify and respond to the identified cases.\n\n\n**5. Threats to Life, Safety, and Security (Landmines/UXOs)**\n\n\n**Governorates: Lahj, Shabwa, Marib, Al Jawf**\n**Districts: Tuban, Bayhan, Marib Alwadi, Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af**\n\n\n**Incident Summary:** Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) continue to pose severe\nthreats since January 2024.\n\n\n - On February 12th, an UXO explosion in Al-Fayoush area next to Al-Moshkhafa IDPs site in\nTuban district in Lahj Governorate resulted in the death of three children and critical injuries\nto two others.\n\n\n**Response** : NRC provided cash for protection, while Save the Children (SCI) team covered the\nmedical and surgical costs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - On April 25th, an UXO carried by flooding water exploded in Bayhan district in Lahj\nGovernorate led to severe injuries of two children who were playing with the object during\nthe explosion. One of the children was medically treated at Bayhan Hospital while the other\none was transferred to Al Naqeeb Hospital in Aden in a critical condition.\n\n\n**Response** : While the victims of the explosion were referred for medical attention, the family\nmembers received psychosocial support from the protection partner, SHS, and assisted with\ncash for protection.\n\n - On January 11 [th], a 35-year woman was killed due to an explosion of Explosive remnants of\nwarfare at Al-Eriq Alsharqi area in Marib Alwadi district.\n\n\n**Response** : The family members received psychosocial support from the protection partner.\nawareness sessions on landmine and UXOs education activities were conducted by protection\npartners.\n\n - On May 7 [th], a weapon ammunition storage exploded in Al-Areq Alsharqi IOM-managed IDP\nsite in Marib Alwadi district. The explosion resulted in a massive fire and scattered projectiles\nthroughout the area, causing the death of a 13-year-old girl and injuries to 4 individuals (1\nman, 1 woman, 1 boy and 1 girl). The site, home to 1,151 HHs/ 5.979 individuals, saw most\nresidents flee to join family and relatives elsewhere, while some were temporarily hosted by\nfamilies in nearby sites. The explosion damaged 40 shelters and completely destroyed a\nwomen and girls' safe space (WGSS) managed by HA and funded by UNFPA, along with all its\nequipment and tools.\n\n\n**Response** : Referred the affected cases to heath partners, Masam project (KSA) detonated and\ndismantled about 2,300 unexploded ordnance unexploded ordnance (UXOs) to ensure the site\nis safer for IDPs to return. In addition, all IDPs received psychosocial support, rising awareness\non UXOs, and legal counseling from protection partner. Four individuals received cash for protection.\n\n - On February 4 [th], A local man was killed by the detonation of a mine in the Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af\nDistrict, Al-Jawf Governorate.\n\n\n**Response** : No response, as no protection partners cover Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af District, Al-Jawf\nGovernorate.\n\n - On June 23 [rd], an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) planted on a motorcycle near the mosque\ndetonated, resulting in a significant impact. As of the initial assessment, 10 individuals, including children, were injured. Unfortunately, one man lost his life in the explosion. The remaining\ninjured individuals were promptly transported to nearby hospitals, with five sustaining minor\ninjuries.\n\n\n**Response** : DRC covered victim assistance four critical cases, involving three men and one boy,\nproviding immediate life-saving assistance.\n\n\n**Gaps:** Lack of awareness sessions on landmine and UXOs education activities\n\n\n**Overall Recommendations**\n\n\n1. **Expand HLP Services:**\n\n`o` Build capacity on HLP case management in At Turba, West Coast and Marib.\n\n`o` Identify an HLP focal points Hadhramout, At Turba and West Coast.\n2. **Enhance Advocacy for Protection Presence:**\n\n`o` Prioritize advocacy for protection presence in Hadhramaut and Al-Marha.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Prioritize advocacy for protection presence in Al Jawf governorate - Khab Wa Al-Sha\u2019af\nDistrict.\n3. **Community Engagement:**\n\n`o` Encourage community and local authority involvement to strengthen protection and\nsupport for vulnerable households.\n\n`o` Provide specialized assistance to households with members with disabilities.\n\n`o` Cover transportation costs for individuals referred to services to ensure accessibility.\n\n\nThis report highlights the critical protection risks in the Aden hub. It outlines key figures, incidents,\nresponse activities, and gaps, while providing actionable recommendations to effectively address\nthese protection concerns in the governorates of Aden, Lahj, Abyan, Shabwah, Marib, and the West\nCoast.\n\n\n_______________________________________END_____________________________________\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab95470c-34e3-47f4-b143-2ba2d7538542/Aden%20hub%20mid-year%20report%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_233/raw/doc_233_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_233/raw/doc_233_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6bb6e70774437ea9611925b7e8a5acc6894f163b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_233/raw/doc_233_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**For further information:**\n\n\n**Alice Rosmini**\nSRH in Emergencies Specialist\nrosmini@unfpa.org\n\n\n**Karine Deniel**\nWASH Cluster Coordinator - Gaza Strip\n[kdeniel@unicef.org](mailto:kdeniel@unicef.org)\n\n\n**Florence E. Aliba**\nGBV AoR Coordinator - Gaza Strip\naliba@unfpa.org\n\n\n**Fatma Shaat**\nGBV Programme Officer - Gaza Strip\nshaat@unfpa.org\n\n\n**Amany Haniya**\nYouth Programme Officer - Gaza Strip\nhaniya@unfpa.org\n\n\n## **Silent Struggles:** The Menstrual Hygiene Crisis in Gaza\n\n#### May 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **BACKGROUND**\n\nIn Gaza, nearly **700,000 women and girls of**\n**menstruating age** are facing a menstrual\nhygiene emergency amidst one of the most\nsevere humanitarian crises in recent history.\nThe destruction of infrastructure, mass\ndisplacement, and the limited access to\nsanitary products and WASH services have\nmade it nearly impossible to manage\nmenstruation safely and with dignity.\n\n\nSince October 2023, over 70 per cent of all\ninfrastructure in Gaza has been destroyed or\npartially damaged, including 92 per cent of\nhousing units and 89 per cent of WASH sector\nassets. Water insecurity now affects 90 per\ncent of households, forcing families to make\nimpossible choices between drinking,\ncooking, or washing. In overcrowded shelters,\nwomen and girls lack privacy, safe toilets, and\n\n\n\n\n\naccess to water, forcing them to adopt coping\nstrategies that compromise both their safety\nand dignity.\n\n\nAmid ongoing displacement and aid\nrestrictions, managing menstruation is no\nlonger a matter of discomfort but a daily\nstruggle with serious health, protection, and\npsychological consequences. Menstruation\nhas become a silent emergency. It is no\nlonger a natural part of life\u2014but a source of\ndistress for hundreds of thousands of women\nand girls.\n\n\n### **WHY MENSTRUAL HEALTH AND** **HYGIENE MATTERS IN EMERGENCIES**\n\n\n\nMenstrual management is not a secondary\nneed in humanitarian crises. It is a matter of\nhealth, protection, dignity, and human rights.\nWhen women and girls are unable to manage\ntheir periods safely and privately, the\nconsequences extend far beyond discomfort.\nPoor menstrual hygiene in emergencies\nincreases the risk of reproductive and urinary\ntract infections, sexually transmitted\ninfections, and long-term gynecological\ncomplications.\n\n\n\nMany girls and women report feelings of\nshame, fear, and helplessness. Some avoid\neating or drinking to limit the need for unsafe,\novercrowded toilets. For adolescent girls who\nbegin menstruating during the war, the lack of\ninformation, privacy, and support leads to\nextreme discomfort and challenges.\n\n\n\n\n\nMenstrual insecurity also increases exposure\nto gender-based violence, harassment, and\nexploitation. When basic supplies are\nunavailable, women and girls may be forced\nto rely on others or adopt unsafe coping\nmechanisms that place them at risk.\nInadequate menstrual hygiene also limits their\nmobility and access to essential services,\ncompounding their isolation and vulnerability.\n\n\n\n\n\nIn Gaza, where safe water, clean toilets, and\nhygiene supplies are scarce, menstruation\nbecome a source of deep psychological\nstress.\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **CURRENT GAPS**\n\nAccess to menstrual hygiene products in\nGaza has collapsed. An estimated **10.4**\n**million sanitary pads are needed each month,**\n**yet over 75 per cent of this need remains**\n**unmet** . Since the closure of border crossings\non 2 March, hygiene and protection supplies\u2014\nincluding sanitary pads, dignity kits, and soap\n\u2014have been blocked from entering Gaza.\nWhile aid convoys have recently resumed,\nthey focus primarily on food and medical\nsupplies, with no hygiene materials included.\n\n\n\nIn the face of these conditions, women and\ngirls have turned to coping strategies that\ncompromise their dignity and well being.\nMany use old clothes, torn fabric, or sponges\nin place of sanitary pads. Without clean water,\nthey cannot wash or reuse materials safely,\nincreasing the risk of infection. Some report\nskipping meals or reducing fluid intake to\navoid using unsafe toilets. In overcrowded\nshelters with no privacy, managing\nmenstruation becomes a risk in itself.\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **CONSEQUENCES** **OF INACTION**\n\nThe inability to manage menstruation safely\nand with dignity has immediate and long-term\nconsequences.\n\n\nWhen menstrual needs are ignored, the price\nis paid in infections, trauma, and increased\nvulnerability.\n\n\nHealth risks are escalating. The use of\nimprovised materials, combined with the lack\nof clean water and soap, has led to a rise in\nreproductive tract infections, skin conditions,\nand hygiene-related diseases. Health workers\nalso report a surge in sexually transmitted\ninfections (STIs), linked to poor hygiene and\nlimited care.\n\n\n\nThe psychological toll is equally profound.\nGirls describe menstruation as a source of\nshame, panic, and isolation. For many, it\nmarks a time of deep anxiety and distress,\nparticularly in displacement settings where\nprivacy is nonexistent.\n\n\nThe lack of menstrual hygiene support is also\ndriving girls out of safe spaces. Many are\nmissing school in temporary learning centers,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **HOW WE ARE** **RESPONDING**\n\nDespite severe access constraints and ongoing supply chain disruptions, humanitarian actors\nhave made important efforts to respond to the menstrual hygiene needs of women and girls in\nGaza. Menstrual hygiene has been integrated into broader WASH, protection, and health\ninterventions, though the scale and consistency of these efforts remain limited.\n\n\n**Key response strategies have included:**\n\n\n\n**Community dialogue and participation:**\nWomen and girls have been engaged\nthrough ongoing community consultations\nto understand their needs, reduce stigma,\nand co-design culturally appropriate MHM\nsolutions such as including long shirts or\nscarves in dignity kits and involving trusted\nfemale community leaders in awareness\nsessions. Local women and youth-led\norganizations, including peer educator\nnetworks such as Y-PEER, have been\ncentral to leading these efforts\u2014facilitating\noutreach, awareness-raising, and the\ndistribution of dignity kits in ways that are\ntrusted and grounded in the community.\n\n\n**Distribution of menstrual hygiene**\n**supplies:** Several partners distributed\ndignity and hygiene kits containing sanitary\npads, soap, underwear, and disposal bags.\n\nchallenges.\n\n\n\n**Safe and gender-sensitive sanitation facilities:**\nWASH partners worked with communities to\ndesign latrines that prioritized privacy, lighting,\nlocks, and menstrual hygiene support, helping\nrestore a sense of safety and dignity in some\nshelters.\n\n\n**Cash and voucher assistance:** Cash-based\ninterventions enabled some women and girls\nto meet basic hygiene needs by purchasing\nitems where available, offering a more flexible\nand dignified approach.\n\n\n**Safe spaces for women and girls:** Several safe\nspaces were established or adapted to provide\nmulti-sectoral GBV services\u2014including mental\nhealth and psychosocial support, GBV case\nmanagement, and SRH education and referral\nto other services\u2014offering an entry point for\nmenstrual health support.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **OPPORTUNITIES** **FOR ACTION**\n\nThe menstrual hygiene crisis in Gaza demands urgent, coordinated, and sustained action.\nMember States, humanitarian actors, and coordination bodies must prioritize menstrual hygiene\nmanagement (MHM) as a core component of emergency response and recovery. The following\nactions offer concrete, scalable opportunities to restore dignity, protect health, and uphold the\nrights of women and girls:\n\n\n\n**Ensure privacy and adequate**\n**infrastructure:** In consultation with women\nand girls, design and maintain safe, private,\nand gender-sensitive WASH facilities.\nToilets and bathing spaces must include\nlocks, lighting, and support for washing,\ndrying, and changing menstrual materials\nwith dignity.\n\n\n**Provide consistent and culturally**\n**appropriate MHM supplies:** Distribute\nsanitary pads, soap, clean underwear, and\ndisposal materials through hygiene and\ndignity kits, ensuring all women and girls\ncan manage menstruation safely and\nhygienically, including postpartum care.\n\n\n**Offer targeted support for vulnerable**\n**groups:** Tailor interventions to meet the\nneeds of female-headed households,\nadolescent girls, postpartum women,\nwomen and girls with disabilities, and GBV\nsurvivors, ensuring inclusive, accessible,\nand protective MHM services.\n\n\n**Integrate MHM into health, WASH, and**\n**protection services:** Systematically embed\nMHM into SRH programming, community\noutreach, mobile health teams, and GBV\nresponse services, ensuring it is not\ntreated in isolation.\n\n\n**Expand cash and voucher assistance:**\nSupport women and girls to access\nessential hygiene supplies through flexible\ncash-based programming, especially where\nmarket access remains possible.\n\n\n**Scale up safe spaces for women and girls:**\nExpand access to multi-sectoral services,\nincluding MHM education and supplies,\nthrough safe spaces that provide\npsychosocial support, GBV case\nmanagement, and referral services.\n\n\n\n**Strengthen youth engagement and peer-led**\n**education:** Empower adolescents and youth\nthrough culturally sensitive SRHR education,\npeer-to-peer dialogue, and creative approaches\nsuch as theatre and digital platforms.\n\n\n**Embed mental health support into MHM**\n**response:** Address emotional trauma and\nstigma linked to poor menstrual conditions\nthrough integrated mental health support in\nyouth hubs, safe spaces, and SRH services.\n\n\n**Leverage temporary learning spaces and**\n**community centers:** Use local spaces to\nintroduce age-appropriate, culturally sensitive\nSRHR education and menstrual health literacy\nfor girls and their caregivers.\n\n\n**Promote sustainable and localized solutions:**\nSupport innovative approaches and ensure\nacceptability, comfort, and access to water and\nsoap for safe use. Oxfam\u2019s recent pilot project\nin Gaza, implemented with local partners and\nsupported by ELRHA, distributed reusable\nantimicrobial underwear and hygiene kits to\nover 5,000 women and girls. Post-distribution\nfeedback showed 86 per cent used the\nproducts, 95 per cent reported reduced\nhousehold expenses, and nearly all recipients\nrecommended the solution. This model\npresents a scalable, environmentally friendly\nalternative in protracted crisis settings.\n\n\n**Support women-led organizations:** Strengthen\nthe role of local women-led organizations in\ndelivering culturally appropriate menstrual\nhealth education and services by providing\ndirect funding, capacity support, and\ninvolvement in decision-making processes.\n\n\n**Collect and apply disaggregated MHM data:**\nInvest in ongoing data collection and\ncommunity feedback to guide needs-based\ninterventions, track gaps, and adapt\nprogramming over time.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHM data", - "confidence": 0.9736245274543762, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **OUR APPEAL**\n\n**Support for local actors and innovation,**\nincluding sustainable solutions that offer\ndignity and long-term impact and all\nneeded enabling conditions.\n\n###### **Ignoring this crisis means accepting** **that dignity, safety, and health are** **optional for women and girls in Gaza.** **The world must refuse that choice.**\n\n\n\nThis advocacy brief was developed through a\ncollaborative effort and informed by insights,\nfield data, and inputs shared by partners\nworking on the frontlines of the crisis. We\nextend our sincere appreciation to M\u00e9decins\ndu Monde Suisse, M\u00e9decins du Monde\nFrance, UNRWA, UN Women, OXFAM, Social\nDevelopment Forum, Save Youth Future\nSociety, and Sharek Youth Forum for their\nvaluable contributions.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REFERENCES**\n\n[UNFPA Palestine | Menstrual Health Management Response Plan: Gaza Strip - June 2024](https://palestine.unfpa.org/en/publications/menstrual-health-management-response-plan-gaza-strip-june-2024#:~:text=There%20are%20an%20estimated%20691%2C300,impossible%20in%20the%20Gaza%20Strip)\n\n\n[Surviving Gaza: The silent struggles of adolescent girls. January 2025](https://www.unfpa.org/news/surviving-gaza-silent-struggles-adolescent-girls#:~:text=The%20need%20for%20support)\n\n\n[Think Global Health - Gaza's Food Crisis Began Long Before the Israel-Hamas Conflict. April,](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/gazas-food-crisis-began-long-israel-hamas-conflict#:~:text=than%2016,third%20of%20Gazan%20households%20were)\n[2024](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/gazas-food-crisis-began-long-israel-hamas-conflict#:~:text=than%2016,third%20of%20Gazan%20households%20were)\n\n\n[UNICEF - Menstrual Hygiene Management \u201cMHM\u201d Programme Enables Palestinian Girls To](https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/4961/file/SoP-MHMReport-June2019.jpg.pdf#:~:text=20%20per%20cent%20more%20girls,do%20so%20only%20when%20they)\n[Reach Their Full Potential. 2016-2018](https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/4961/file/SoP-MHMReport-June2019.jpg.pdf#:~:text=20%20per%20cent%20more%20girls,do%20so%20only%20when%20they)\n\n\n[ANERA - Addressing Period Poverty Challenges and Solutions in Lebanon, Gaza and Beyond.](https://www.anera.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/OTG-Period-Poverty-Gaza-Lebanon.pdf#:~:text=products%2C%20posing%20significant%20health%20risks,For%20example%2C%20Chhaupadi%2C%20an%20ancient)\n[Spring 2024](https://www.anera.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/OTG-Period-Poverty-Gaza-Lebanon.pdf#:~:text=products%2C%20posing%20significant%20health%20risks,For%20example%2C%20Chhaupadi%2C%20an%20ancient)\n\n\n[UNRWA - Bombardment, displacement and collapsed health care: a crisis for women and girls](https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/features/bombardment-displacement-and-collapsed-health-care-crisis-women-and-girls-gaza#:~:text=Overall%2C%20in%20Gaza%20there%20are,related%20risks)\n[in Gaza . 3 January 2024](https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/features/bombardment-displacement-and-collapsed-health-care-crisis-women-and-girls-gaza#:~:text=Overall%2C%20in%20Gaza%20there%20are,related%20risks)\n\n\n[ANERA - Women in Gaza Lack Access to Menstrual Supplies. January 12, 2024](https://www.anera.org/blog/women-in-gaza-lack-access-to-menstrual-supplies/#:~:text=Not%20only%20does%20the%20lack,stressful%20on%20a%20woman%E2%80%99s%20body)\n\n\n[UNRWA - Women in Gaza: \u201cThe worst time is when I have my period\u201d. July 12, 2024](https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/features/bombardment-displacement-and-collapsed-health-care-crisis-women-and-girls-gaza#:~:text=there%20underscored%20that%2C%20explaining%20that,the%20displaced%20community%20is%20significant)\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7f3121e-26bf-43d6-84e3-5e023357f82e/Advocacy%20Brief%20-%20Silent%20Struggles%20-%20The%20Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Crisis%20in%20Gaza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_234/raw/doc_234_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_234/raw/doc_234_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4124c376cb08f374e04eea9606d61fa8c2711319..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_234/raw/doc_234_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **United Nations Task Force on** **Children Deprived of Liberty**\n\nAdvocacy Series\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n# **UNITED NATIONS TASK** **FORCE ON CHILDREN** **DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY**\n\n\nThe UN Task Force comprises all UN agencies,\n\n\nmandates and special mechanisms, under the\n\n\ncoordination of the Special Representative\n\n\nof the Secretary General on Violence against\n\n\nChildren, playing an active role in the\n\n\nimplementation of the recommendations of\n\n\nthe UN Global Study on Children Deprived\n\n\nof Liberty based on GA Resolutions A/\n\n\nRes/74/133 and A/Res/75/185.\n\n\nThe United Nations Task Force on Children\n\n\nDeprived of Liberty is integrated by the\n\n\nSpecial Representative of the Secretary\n\n\nGeneral on Violence against Children (chair),\n\n\nthe Special Representative of the Secretary\n\n\nGeneral on Children and Armed Conflict, the\n\n\nUnited Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),\n\n\nthe International Organization for Migration\n\n\n(IOM), the Office of the United Nations High\n\n\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Office\n\n\nof the United Nations High Commissioner for\n\n\nHuman Rights (OHCHR), the Committee on the\n\n\nRights of the Child (CRC), the United Nations\n\n\nOffice on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the\n\n\nWorld Health Organization (WHO).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\n# **CONTENTS**\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\n\n............................................................................................................. 5\n\n\n\nPromising Practices\n\n\n\n................................................................................................. 6\n\n\n\n\n- _Strengthening policies and legal frameworks_\n\n\n_\u2022 Community and family child rights-based_\n\n\n_alternatives for unaccompanied and separated_\n\n\n_children_\n\n\n_\u2022 Case management_\n\n\n_\u2022 Children and youth participation_\n\n\n\nKey Policy Actions\n\n\n\n................................................................................................. 11\n\n\n\nReferences\n\n\n\n............................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n\n_Credits for the cover photo: \u00a9 UNICEF/UNI94658/Brooks_\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\n\n_\u00a9 UNICEF/UNI480132/Membreno_\n\n\n# **GLOBALLY, EVERY YEAR** **330,000 CHILDREN ARE** **DEPRIVED OF THEIR** **LIBERTY**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n# **INTRODUCTION**\n\n##### IMMIGRATION DETENTION [1,2] IS NEVER IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD AND CONSTITUTES A CHILD RIGHTS VIOLATION. [3]\n\n\nIt is a form of violence that impacts a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for\n\n\nSustainable Development, especially targets 10.7 and 16.2. [4,5 ] All children, regardless of\n\n\ntheir legal or migratory status or that of their families, have the right to be cared for and\n\nprotected from violence, abuse and exploitation. **At least 77 countries have laws and**\n\n**policies that allow children to be detained based on their legal or migratory status,**\n\n**and at least 330,000 children globally per year are deprived of their liberty based**\n\n**on their (or their parents\u2019) legal or migratory status.** **[6]** Lack of accurate data means this\n\nis likely to be a significant under-estimate. While many countries have committed to end\n\n\nchild immigration detention, the reality is that even in some countries where legislation\n\n\ndoes not support immigration detention, it continues to remain in use. [7]\n\n\nIn 2022, the United Nations Task Force on Children Deprived of Liberty [8,9 ] under the\n\n\nleadership of the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against\n\n\nChildren, made a joint pledge [10] at the International Migration Review Forum (IMRF):\n\n\n1. To conduct evidence-based advocacy and to mobilize all key stakeholders at all levels to\n\n\nscale up child rights-based protective solutions to end the detention of children in the\n\n\ncontext of migration.\n\n\n2. To support Member States to harmonize their national legal frameworks with\n\n\ninternational human rights standards to explicitly prohibit detention of children based\n\n\non their migration status or that of their families.\n\n\n3. To involve and amplify the voices of migrant children in determining their best interests\n\n\nin all issues concerning children in legislation, policies, practices, including those\n\n\nrelated to integration, return and family reunification; as well as access to services, to\n\n\njustice and to remedies for violations of their rights.\n\n\n4. To support data collection and the dissemination of promising practices on child rights\n\nbased protective solutions as alternative measures to end the detention of children in\n\n\nthe context of migration.\n\n\nThis advocacy brief provides an overview of promising practices and lessons learned to\n\n\nend child immigration detention and sets out a range of policy actions needed to scale up\n\n\nefforts to end this form of violence.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n# **PROMISING PRACTICES**\n\n###### **Countries are taking various actions to end child immigration detention.** **These include, among others, adopting a whole-of-government and a** **whole-of-society approach, regional and national policies and legal** **frameworks prohibiting immigration detention of children, creating** **temporary regularisation programs that result in temporary permits,** investing in inclusive child protection systems, [11] scaling up family based **alternative care and rolling out comprehensive case management systems** **that ensure children\u2019s meaningful participation in the processes leading to** the resolution of their cases. [12]\n\n\n\nStrengthening policies and\n\n\n\n\n\nCommunity and family child\n\n\n\nAs part of this process, in 2023, the UN Task Force collaborated closely with the UN Network\n\non Migration in the context of **the global online peer learning exchange on alternatives**\n\n**to detention** **[13]** **that brought together Governments and other key stakeholders from all**\n\n**regions** to ensure a continuous process of mutual learning and supporting communities of\n\npractice to end immigration detention of children. [14] Also, in September 2023, the UN Task\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\nForce made a submission to the UN Network on Migration work stream on GCM indicators\n\nto advocate for **the inclusion of a core indicator to end the immigration detention of**\n\n**children in the set of indicators requested by the 2022 IMRF Declaration** paragraph 70\n\nto monitor progress of the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). [15]\n\n\nPromising practices on ending child immigration detention have shown concrete results in:\n\n**1. Cost-effectiveness of alternatives to detention and keeping children with their**\n\n**families in the community.** [16,17]\n\n**2. Higher rates of case resolution** with up to 95 per cent compliance rates. [18]\n\n**3. Ensuring children\u2019s wellbeing** because keeping children in communities increases the\n\nhealth and wellbeing of children and their families. [19]\n\n### **i. STRENGTHENING POLICIES AND** **LEGAL FRAMEWORKS:**\n\n###### **At regional level:**\n\nSome examples of regional policies moving towards ending child immigration detention\n\n\ninclude:\n\n1. the **2014 Brazil Declaration** ;\n\n2. the **2019 ASEAN Declaration** on the Rights of the Child in the Context of Migration [20]\n\nand its Regional Plan of Action;\n\n3. the **Southern African States\u2019** commitment to \u201cdevelop and implement alternative\n\noptions to detention,\u201d as well as implement Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa\n\n**MIDSA Regional and National Action Plans** to oversee progress;\n\n4. the EU invoking the **Temporary Protection Directive for Ukrainians** provided\n\nrecognition of international protection needs and guaranteed swift access to safety,\n\n\ndocumentation and rights for refugees. [21]\n\n###### **At national level:**\n\n**Canada** adopted a Ministerial Directive to \u201ckeep children, both unaccompanied and\n\naccompanied by their families, out of detention to the greatest extent possible and to\n\nmaintain family unity\u201d. **Colombia** [22] established a temporary protection program to apply\n\nfor regular status, work permits, and access to basic services including health and education\n\nwithin a period of ten years. **Ireland** adopted the International Protection Act 2015 that\n\nprohibits the detention of any applicant for international protection under the age of\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\n18. [23] The **Republic of Korea** issued a ministerial policy of the Ministry of Justice that\n\nprovides protection against detention and deportation for undocumented children who\n\nare residing in South Korea and attending school. [24] **Mexico** approved a legislative reform\n\nto comprehensively prohibit the detention of children \u2013 accompanied or unaccompanied\n\n\n- as a result of their legal or migratory status and transferred responsibility for these\n\n\nchildren to the National System for the Protection of Children. [25] Mexico has also adopted\n\n\na Comprehensive Protection Protocol for Migrant Children that is being rolled out to key\n\n\nmigrant-receiving states (within Mexico) at state and local level, with technical support\n\n\nfrom civil society organizations and UN agencies. [26] At the 2022 IMRF Mexico pledged to\n\n\nestablish a national strategy on alternative care for children in situations of mobility.\n\n**T\u00fcrkiye** adopted the Regulation on the Alternative Obligations to Administrative\n\nDetention (RAOAD). [27] Domestic law prohibits the immigration detention of unaccompanied\n\n\nchildren seeking asylum under 16 years of age. [28] Instead, they are placed in suitable\n\n\naccommodation facilities by the Ministry for Family and Social Policies, either in the\n\ncare of their adult relatives or a foster family. [29] **Thailand** has made significant progress\n\nto end child immigration detention and developed community-based alternatives to\n\n\ndetention (ATD). [30] In 2019 the government signed the \u2018Memorandum of Understanding\n\n\non the Determination of Measures and Approaches, Alternative to Detention of Children\n\n\nin Immigration Detention Centers\u2019 (ATD-MOU). In 2022, the Department of Children\n\n\nand Youth, International Detention Coalition, Terre des Hommes Germany and UNICEF\n\n\nThailand (with support from the European Union) co-organized an advocacy workshop\n\n\nand consultations on the National Plan of Action on the Rights of Children in the Context\n\n\nof Migration. The government is currently implementing a monitoring, learning and\n\n\nevaluation framework to assess progress and areas for development under the ATD\nMOU. At the 2022 IMRF, **Germany** pledged it will not take children and young people\n\ninto deportation detention. [31] **Zambia** [32] has developed a national migration policy which\n\naddresses migrant children\u2019s rights and established a National Referral Mechanism that\n\n\ntrains frontline officials to screen migrants and identify vulnerable groups, to divert\n\n\nthem from the detention system to appropriate alternative arrangements.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n### **ii. COMMUNITY AND FAMILY CHILD RIGHTS-** **BASED ALTERNATIVES FOR UNACCOMPANIED** **AND SEPARATED CHILDREN:**\n\n\nIn **Colombia** and the **Philippines**, unaccompanied and separated children should, upon\n\nentering the country, be referred to child protection services to guarantee their rights. [33]\n\n**Indonesia**, with the support of the UN, has established an informal guardianship/kinship\n\nmechanism through which adult refugees from the same community provide protection\n\nuntil other legal guardianship processes are determined. In **Jordan**, there are standard\n\noperating procedures (SOPs) for Emergency Response to Unaccompanied and Separated\n\n\nChildren and Guidelines that establish that family care and \u201ccommunity-based care\u201d (i.e.,\n\n\nHosting of refugee children in refugee communities) are to be prioritized. [34]\n\n\nCommunity placement for refugee and migrant children is in place in countries such\n\n**Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Uganda, Tunisia,**\n\n**Zambia, Zimbabwe,** among others. Foster care or guardianship arrangements for non\nnational children are codified in law in **Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe,**\n\n**South Africa, Libya;** as well as, in domestic law in Egypt and Morocco through the Kafala\n\nsystem. [35,36]\n\n### **iii. CASE MANAGEMENT:**\n\n\n**Belgium** \u2019s Aliens Office established an Alternatives to Detention (ATD) Department to\n\nscale up ATD to roll out a comprehensive policy of individual case management (ICAM)\n\n\nbased on correct information sharing (administrative and legal procedures), intensive\n\nclose-to-the-client and tailor-made guidance (coaching). [37] **Canada** \u2019s ATD program includes\n\na national community case management and supervision program that is connected with\n\ncommunity support services to respond to individuals\u2019 needs. In **Egypt**, the National\n\nCouncil for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) adopted SOPs to protect and assist refugee\n\n\nand asylum-seeking children to support case management. The SOPs refer these children\n\n\ninto protection systems as an alternative to detention. The SOPs include procedures for\n\n\nidentification and referral, according to which law enforcement officers immediately\n\nrefer children to child protection authorities. [38] **Iceland** \u2019s Barnahus model accommodates\n\nunaccompanied children and provides them with a child-friendly and multidisciplinary\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\napproach and access to a range of services.\n\n\nThere are child-specific screening systems and accompanying training for government\n\nofficials in place in **Algeria, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe** . There are\n\nbilateral and multilateral attempts to harmonize case management systems for children\n\nacross borders. For example, the \u201c **West Africa Network** \u201d (WAN) is based on a standardized\n\nprocedure for government authorities and NGOs across 16 countries to undertake the\n\n\nidentification, protection and reintegration of children (in their countries of nationality or\n\n\nin \u201cthird\u201d countries).\n\n### **iv. CHILDREN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION:**\n\n\nOne way to ensure children\u2019s voices are heard is through case management systems that\n\n\nensure children\u2019s meaningful participation in the processes leading to the resolution of\n\n\ntheir cases. Another way is through securing support to children and youth advocacy and\n\n\nmobilization to end immigration detention of children.\n\n\nOn 8 [th] May 2023, the Migration Youth and Children\u2019s Platform (MYCP) organized the first\n\n\nglobal youth consultation on ending child immigration detention. The outcome report of\n\n\nthis consultation recommended to:\n\n\n1. include children and youth, especially those with lived experiences, in policy formulation\n\n\nand decision-making processes;\n\n\n2. stop the politicization of the issue of children and youth on the move;\n\n\n3. replace child immigration detention with community-based support including access to\n\n\nservices;\n\n\n4. create economic, education and social opportunities for children and youth who were\n\n\nformerly detained;\n\n\n5. educate others on the issue of child immigration detention, highlighting the stories of\n\n\nchildren and youth with lived experience;\n\n\n6. support and directly engage with children in, and those who have previously been in\n\n\nimmigration detention. [39]\n\n\nYouth-led non-governmental organizations have advocated for the rights of children in\n\nimmigration detention in many countries, such as **Egypt** and **Italy** . [40]\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n# **KEY POLICY ACTIONS**\n\n###### **Despite the progress achieved, much needs to be done for and with** **children to ensure that all children in the context of asylum and migration** **rights as any child, wherever they are.**\n\n\nThe UN Task Force on Children Deprived of Liberty calls on States to take action to:\n\n\n1. **Adopt explicit legal prohibition of detention of children based on their legal or**\n\n**migratory status or that of their families and provide a legal framework for a wide**\n\n**range of alternatives for unaccompanied and accompanied children and their**\n\n**families** . Alternatives to detention (ATD) in the context of child immigration detention\n\nis not the same as ATD for children in con\ufffdlict with the law. In line with Objective\n\n\n13 paragraph 29 h [41] of the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration,\n\n\nalternatives to detention (ATD) in the context of child immigration detention requires\n\n\nchild protection and welfare actors to take the primary responsibility for children in the\n\n\ncontext of migration. The Global Compact for Refugees also supports the development of\n\n\nnon-custodial and community-based alternatives to detention, particularly for children\n\n\n(paragraph 60). [42]\n\n\n2. **Invest in child rights-based community and family-based alternative care**\n\n**arrangements.** Divert resources dedicated to detention into child rights-based non\ncustodial solutions supported by competent child protection actors.\n\n\n3. Establish **asylum and migration management systems** that are based on child rights.\n\n\n4. Prevent detention of children and their families by setting up **effective screening**\n\n**systems that refer children and their families for protection and assistance**, with\n\nchild-friendly reception mechanisms.\n\n\n5. **Ensure that national child protection systems are fully inclusive** of refugee and\n\nasylum-seeking children, as well as, migrant children.\n\n\n6. Establish children and their families' access to **effective and comprehensive case**\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\n**management** to assist with case resolution and with their access to services.\n\n\n7. Establish timely appointment of **quali\ufffdied guardians** for unaccompanied and separated\n\nchildren.\n\n\n8. Ensure **children's access to justice**, with free and timely legal aid and representation\n\nto claim for their rights and seek remedies for violation of their rights. [43]\n\n\n9. Ensure all **children's access to multisectoral services**, regardless of their or their\n\nparents' status, including education, healthcare, and social protection.\n\n\n10. Establish **regularization programs for undocumented children and their families** .\n\n\n\n11.\n\n\n12.\n\n\n13.\n\n\n14.\n\n\n\nEstablish **sound asylum and migration management systems**, that encompass\n\nchild rights-based policy and legislation, screening, protection and assistance, case\n\n\nmanagement, child-friendly reporting systems, as well as, infrastructure and varied\n\n\noptions for accommodation and community based non-custodial arrangements and that\n\n\nis effectively coordinated with social and child protection systems.\n\n\n**Collect disaggregated and harmonized data on immigration detention of children**\n\n**and child rights-based alternative solutions.** This data should be publicly available\n\nand disaggregated by age, sex, country of origin, citizenship, disability status, and\n\n\nwhether the child is accompanied or unaccompanied.\n\n\n**Engage children and youth**, especially those who experienced deprivation of liberty,\n\nsafely and ethically, as key actors and partners in policy formulation and decision\n\nmaking processes and provide \ufffdinancial support to enable refugee and migrant youth\n\n\norganizations advocacy work.\n\n\n**Enhance international cooperation** to end immigration detention of children.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n# **REFERENCES**\n\n\n1. [CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23 paragraph \u201c6. Immigration detention is understood by the Committees as any](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/joint-general-comment-no-4-cmw-and-no-23-crc-2017)\n\n\nsetting in which a child is deprived of his/her liberty for reasons related to his/her, or his/her parents\u2019,\n\n\nmigration status, regardless of the name and reason given to the action of depriving a child of his or her liberty,\n\n\nor the name of the facility or location where the child is deprived of liberty. \u201cReasons related to migration\n\n\nstatus\u201d is understood by the Committees to be a person\u2019s migratory or residence status, or the lack thereof,\n\n\nwhether relating to irregular entry or stay or not, consistent with the Committees\u2019 previous guidance.\u201d\n\n\n2. [CMW/C/GC/3-CRC/C/GC/22 \"9. The present joint general comment addresses the human rights of all children](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/joint-general-comment-no-3-cmw-and-no-22-crc-context)\n\n\nin the context of international migration, whether they have migrated with their parents or primary caregivers,\n\n\nare unaccompanied or separated, have returned to their country of origin, were born to migrant parents in\n\n\ncountries of transit or destination, or remained in their country of origin while one or both parents migrated to\n\n\nanother country, and regardless of their or their parents\u2019 migration or residence status (migration status). The\n\n\nnon-discrimination principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States parties to respect and\n\n\nensure the rights set forth in the Convention to all children, whether they are considered, inter alia, migrants\n\n\nin regular or irregular situations, asylum seekers, refugees, stateless and/or victims of trafficking, including in\n\n\nsituations of return or deportation to the country of origin, irrespective of the child\u2019s or the parents\u2019 or legal\n\n\nguardians\u2019 nationality, migration status or statelessness.\" See also UNHCR, [UNHCR's position regarding the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5885c2434.html)\n\n\n[detention of refugee and migrant children in the migration context, January 2017.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5885c2434.html)\n\n\n3. [CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23 Joint General Comment Number 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/joint-general-comment-no-4-cmw-and-no-23-crc-2017)\n\n\nthe Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their families and number 23 (2017) of the Committee on the\n\n\nRights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of international\n\n\nmigration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return paragraph 5-12.\n\n\n4. SDG target 16.2 16.2 \u201c End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of\n\n\nchildren.\u201d\n\n\n5. Progress Declaration adopted at the International Migration Review Forum held in May 2022 [Final- IMRF](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/Final- IMRF Progress Declaration- English.pdf)\n\n\n[Progress Declaration.](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/Final- IMRF Progress Declaration- English.pdf)\n\n\n6. [UN Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty, 2019, OHCHR, A/75/183:](https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/crc/united-nations-global-study-children-deprived-liberty) [Report on ending immigration](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a75183-report-ending-immigration-detention-children-and-seeking-adequate)\n\n\n[detention of children and seeking adequate reception and care for them, OHCHR, 2020.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a75183-report-ending-immigration-detention-children-and-seeking-adequate)\n\n\n7. [United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, Global Programme Framework on Children on the Move. November 2017.](https://www.unicef.org/documents/global-programme-framework-children-move)\n\n\n8. The UN Task Force comprises all UN agencies, mandates and special mechanisms, under the coordination of\n\n\nthe Special Representative of the Secretary General on Violence against Children, playing an active role in the\n\n\nimplementation of the recommendations of the UN Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty based on GA\n\n\n[Resolutions A/Res/74/133](https://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/74) [A/Res/75/185.](https://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/75)\n\n\n9. The United Nations Task Force on Children Deprived of Liberty is integrated by the Special Representative\n\n\nof the Secretary General on Violence against Children, the Special Representative of the Secretary General on\n\n\nChildren and Armed Conflict, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the International Organization\n\n\nfor Migration (IOM), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Office of\n\n\nthe United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the Committee on the Rights of the Child\n\n\n(CRC), UNODC and the World Health Organization (WHO).\n\n\n10. [United Nations Task Force on Children Deprived of Liberty Joint Pledge to Support the Global Compact for Safe,](https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/united-nations-task-force-children-deprived-liberty-joint-pledge-support-global-compact-safe)\n\n\n[Orderly and Regular Migration.](https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/united-nations-task-force-children-deprived-liberty-joint-pledge-support-global-compact-safe)\n\n\n[11. See UNICEF\u2019s Child Protection Systems Strengthening (CPSS) Approach, 2021 and IOM, UNICEF Technical Note:](https://www.unicef.org/documents/child-protection-systems-strengthening)\n\n\nInclusion of Children Affected by Migration in National Child Protection Systems, forthcoming 2024.\n\n\n12. The inclusion of an example does not signify that all elements of the practices of the country are considered\n\n\npositive and that its practical implementation is flawless.\n\n\n13. [Report - 4th global peer learning exchange - working to end child detention in the context of international](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/docs/Report - 4th global peer learning exchange - working to end child detention in the context of international migration - FINAL_0.pdf)\n\n\n[migration.](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/docs/Report - 4th global peer learning exchange - working to end child detention in the context of international migration - FINAL_0.pdf)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "End immigration detention of children\n\n\n14. [Alternatives to immigration detention | United Nations Network on Migration](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/alternatives-immigration-detention)\n\n\n15. [Development of a proposed limited set of indicators to review progress related to GCM implementation | United](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/development-proposed-limited-set-indicators-review-progress-related-gcm-implementation)\n\n\n[Nations Network on Migration](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/development-proposed-limited-set-indicators-review-progress-related-gcm-implementation)\n\n\n16. [A/75/183: Report on ending immigration detention of children and seeking adequate reception and care for](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a75183-report-ending-immigration-detention-children-and-seeking-adequate)\n\n\n[them| OHCHR para 12. Child Immigration Detention is Not Only Wrong, It Is Ineffective, IOM.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a75183-report-ending-immigration-detention-children-and-seeking-adequate)\n\n\n17. Ibid.\n\n\n18. [International Detention Coalition (IDC), There are Alternatives.](https://idcoalition.org/publication/there-are-alternatives-revised-edition/)\n\n\n19. [Addressing the health challenges in immigration detention, and alternatives to detention: a country](https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289057929)\n\n\n[implementation guide and Improving health in immigration detention and promoting alternatives to detention](https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289057929)\n\n\n20. [ASEAN Declaration on the Rights of Children in the Context of Migration](https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/4-ASEAN-Declaration-on-the-Rights-of-Children-in-the-Context-of-Migration.pdf)\n\n\n21. [EU invokes Temporary Protection Directive to help those fleeing Ukraine | European Website on Integration](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-invokes-temporary-protection-directive-help-those-fleeing-ukraine_en)\n\n\n22. [ATD: Detention Temporary regularisation programmes](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Temporary%20regularisation%20programmes.pdf)\n\n\n23. [A/75/183, para 35](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a75183-report-ending-immigration-detention-children-and-seeking-adequate)\n\n\n24. Ibid.\n\n\n25. [ATD: Ending Child Immigration Detention](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Ending%20child%20immigration%20detention.pdf)\n\n\n26. [Estrategia Nacional de Cuidados Alternativos para Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes en situaci\u00f3n de Movilidad](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/pledge/estrategia-nacional-de-cuidados-alternativos-para-ninos-ninas-y-adolescentes-en-situacion-de)\n\n\n27. [Regulation on the Alternative Obligations to Administrative Detention (RAOAD), (an English translation of the](https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/09/20220914-3.htm)\n\n\nregulation is not yet available) (last accessed 19 January 2024).\n\n\n28. Turkiye Law on Foreigners and International Protection, Article 66(1)(b)\n\n\n29. Ibid.\n\n\n30. [ATD: Whole-Of-Government and Whole-of Society Approaches](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Whole-Of-Government%20and%20Who-of%20Society%20Approaches.pdf)\n\n\n31. [ATD: Scaling-up Community-based Alternatives to Immigration Detention](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Scaling-up%20Community-basaed%20Alternatives%20to%20Immigration%20Detention.pdf)\n\n\n32. [ATD: Ending child immigration detention](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Ending%20child%20immigration%20detention.pdf)\n\n\n33. [N2018827.pdf (un.org)](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N20/188/27/PDF/N2018827.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n\n34. [MENA-Policy-Brief-2.pdf (idcoalition.org)](https://idcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/MENA-Policy-Brief-2.pdf)\n\n\n35. International Detention Coalition There are alternatives: Africa, 2018, page 5 [There-are-alternatives-](https://idcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/There-are-alternatives-Africa-2018.pdf)\n\n\n[Africa-2018.pdf (idcoalition.org)](https://idcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/There-are-alternatives-Africa-2018.pdf)\n\n\n36. In the context of children\u2019s care, Kafalah is defined as the commitment by an individual or family (kafil) to\n\n\nvoluntarily take responsibility for the daily care, education, safety, and protection of a child (makful) deprived\n\n\nof family care, in the same way a parent would do for their biological child: https://www.unicef.org/esa/\n\n\nmedia/12451/file/An-Introduction-to-Kafalah-2023.pdf\n\n\n37. [ATD_Scaling-up Community-based Alternatives to Immigration Detention.pdf](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/ATD_Scaling-up Community-basaed Alternatives to Immigration Detention.pdf)\n\n\n38. [Gaining-Ground-Report-2022.pdf (idcoalition.org)](https://idcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Gaining-Ground-Report-2022.pdf)\n\n\n39. [ECID Global Youth Report (un.org)](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/Global Youth Report Working to End Child Immigration Detention.pdf)\n\n\n40. [ECID Global Youth Report (un.org)](https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/Global Youth Report Working to End Child Immigration Detention.pdf)\n\n\n41. GCM Objective 13, paragraph 29 h) requires States to ensure \u201cavailability and accessibility of a viable range of\n\n\nalternatives to detention in non-custodial contexts, favouring community-based care arrangements, that ensure\n\n\naccess to education and healthcare, and respect their right to family life and family unity, and by working to\n\n\nend the practice of child detention in the context of international migration\u201d\n\n\n42. [Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 Booklet | UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-compact-refugees-booklet)\n\n\n43. [UNICEF - Reimagine Justice for Children](https://www.unicef.org/media/110176/file/Reimagine-Justice-for-Children.pdf)\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aa4896af-abe2-4fa1-b87a-85b269e12f65/Advocacy%20Brief_%20End%20Child%20Immigration%20Detention%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_235/raw/doc_235_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_235/raw/doc_235_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1d912424c67ec57bcfdaa9e86def2f80d2d11e0c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_235/raw/doc_235_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1026 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **REPORT SUMMARY**\n\n\n# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n## **KEY PROTECTION FIGURES**\n\n_Civilian casualties_\n\n\n\nThe people of Afghanistan are facing a humanitarian, human rights\nand protection crisis. The numbers are overwhelming: 97% of\nAfghans could potentially plunge into poverty by mid-2022 [1] and half\nthe country\u2019s population is in need of humanitarian assistance.\nFollowing the record displacement of nearly 700,000 people in 2021,\nsome 9.2 million IDPs and returnees remain in some form of\ndisplacement [2] and in need of support to return where possible. These\nstaggeringly high levels of displacement are fueling a range of\nprotection risks, particularly for undocumented Afghans returning to\nthe country, including those deported from neighbouring countries.\n\nProtection concerns have persisted in Quarter four. Massive\neconomic contraction along with crisis in banking and financial\nsystem, severe drought and rising food prices, has meant people have\nresorted increasingly to negative coping strategies. Despite the\nsignificant decrease in the overall level of conflict and number of\ncivilian casualties following the changes in the political environment\nsince 15 August 2021, threats to the civilian population in\nAfghanistan persist including the killing and injury of civilians, high\nlevels of explosive ordnance contamination, forced displacement,\ngender-based violence and violations against children.\n\n\n1 UNDP\u2019s projections based on its rapid appraisal, September 2021\n\n\n\nFrom 1 October to 31 December 2021, UNAMA and OHCHR\ndocumented at least 836 civilian casualties, with at least 273 killed\nand 563 injured which represents 70% a significant reduction in\ncivilian casualties compared to the same period in 2020. Women and\nchildren comprised up to 17% of all civilian casualties in the fourth\nquarter of 2021, with women comprising 2% of all civilian casualties\nand children nearly 15%. Suicide and non-suicide improvised\nexplosive devices were the leading cause of civilian casualties,\nfollowed by UXOs.\n\n\nDespite significant reduction in number of child casualties as the\nresults of ground engagements and aerial attack, children are still\nexposed to harm as a result of Unexploded Ordinance (UXO) and\nExplosive Remnants of War (ERW). The country task force on\nmonitoring and reporting on children and armed conflict, verified the\nkilling and maiming of 235 children (at least 64 killed and 171\nmaimed) from 1 October to 31 December 2021. The leading causes\nof child casualties during the quarter were UXO/ERW, 42.4% (100\ncasualties), followed by non-suicide IEDs 22.5% (53 casualties) and\nsuicide attack 20.3% (48 casualties).\n\n\n2 Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Planned Response 2022\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n_Damage to civilian infrastructure_\n\n\n\nThe Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting (CTFMR)\nverified 62 incidents affecting health-care facilities and health related\npersonnel in 2021.\n\n\n_Displacement trends_\n\n\nBetween 1 January and 31 December 2021, conflict in Afghanistan\ndisplaced over 700,180 people, in addition to the 5 million who\nremain displaced since 2012.\n\n\nCross-border movements continued at high rates in the last quarter\nof 2021, with outward irregular movement estimated at 4-5,000\npersons per day since August (NRC, November 2021) [3] .\n\n\nIOM Afghanistan during Round 3 of the Emergency Event Tracking\n(EET) identified [4] :\n\n\n - 988,817 individuals who arrived in the assessed communities\nas a result of displacement\n\n - 1,292,109 individuals who fled their communities to other\nlocations within Afghanistan\n\n - 2,194,472 individuals who had fled prior to August 2021 and\nreturned since August 2021.\n\n - 89,253 individuals who migrated abroad.\n\n\n3\nhttps://www.nrc.no/news/2021/november/humanitarian-needs-in-iran-rise-as-300000afghans-arrive-since-taliban-takeover/\n\n\n\n\n - 989,492 individuals who returned to their home\ncommunities after having migrated abroad\n\n - Rates of undocumented returns continued at record highs\n(327,096 total, including 310,626 returnees from Iran and\n\n\n - 16,470 returnees from Pakistan), highest during the\nreporting period when 75% of returns from Iran were\ndeportations. (IOM) These figures represent an increase of\nmore than 20% on 2020 returns numbers for the same period\n(269,777 in Q4) and come at a point when non-refoulement\ndirectives have been issued and should be in effect.\n\n - Undocumented returnees consistently report exposure to\nexcessive use of force and inhuman and degrading treatment\nby Iranian and Turkish authorities in the process of irregular\nmigration, detention and deportation. Returnees\u2019 report\nbeing subject to physical beatings and psychological abuse,\nsustaining gunshot wounds, as well as experience of\nexploitation and abuse at the hands of criminal elements.\n\n\n4\nhttps://dtm.iom.int/reports/afghanistan-%E2%80%94-emergency-event-tracking-round-31-19-december-2021\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: IOM\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nIn quarter 4, many partners including those involved with protection\nmonitoring, continued to diversify the modalities of data collection\nas the context changed. For example, in remote locations instead of\nin-person interviews, case management with clients and\nmultisectoral programming, took place by phone. Protection\npartners revised their approaches, tools, and some terminology to\nadapt to the new context, to continue highlighting the on-going\nprotection-related concerns. From August 2021, many UNAMA\nnational staff members were relocated within the country due to the\ndeteriorating security situation. Consequently, UNAMA and OHCHR\nsupplemented their regular working methods with remote\n\n\n\nmonitoring and focused fact-finding and reporting mainly on credible\nallegations of violations and abuses committed during and following\nlarge-scale Taliban offensives.\n\n\nThe range of security challenges and operational constraints\nincluding movement restrictions imposed by the Taliban\nadministration while negotiations continued made it difficult for\npeople in need to reach services and impeded the capacity of\nprotection monitoring partners to collect high quality data and to\nprovide equitable protection.\n\n## **METHODOLOGY**\n\n\nThe report was prepared in collaboration with six partners\nundertaking protection monitoring: DRC, INTERSOS, IOM, IRC, NRC\nand UNHCR, using the data collected in Q4 from 12,722 Householdlevel interviews (HH), 589 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 2,177\nKey Informants Interviews (KII). 38% of respondents were IDPs, 13%\nundocumented returnees, 42% members of the host community and\nIDP returnees 7%. 58% of the respondents were male while 42%\nwere female, which is an indication of limited access to women. This\nhowever has slightly improved compared to Q3 where female\nrespondents represented only 37% of those interviewed. The analysis\nis guided by the Global Protection Cluster [Protection Analytical](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2021/08/11/protection-analytical-framework/)\n[Framework](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2021/08/11/protection-analytical-framework/) (PAF). Other sources of data that are referenced include\nOCHA Displacement Trends, WFP Countrywide Monthly Market Price\nBulletin, IOM Return of Undocumented Afghans Situation Reports,\nand Human Rights Watch.\n\nPopulations groups assessed included IDPs, IDP returnees, refugees,\nrefugee returnees to Afghanistan, undocumented returnees and host\ncommunity members. The main population group assessed at HH\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Householdlevel interviews", - "confidence": 0.9189115166664124, - "start": 242, - "end": 244 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5473008751869202, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HH", - "confidence": 0.8465345501899719, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q4", - "confidence": 0.949462890625, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6054547429084778, - "start": 271, - "end": 272 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.7240422368049622, - "start": 249, - "end": 252 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.639127254486084, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q4", - "confidence": 0.8191898465156555, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA Displacement Trends", - "confidence": 0.9905362725257874, - "start": 365, - "end": 368 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6957037448883057, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP Countrywide Monthly Market Price\nBulletin", - "confidence": 0.8944852352142334, - "start": 369, - "end": 375 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\nlevel and FDG levels were IDPs, with host community members\npredominating amongst KIIs.\n\n\nRespondents Status (KII, FGD and HH)\n\n\n\nRespondents Gender - FGD\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n71.6%\n\n\nKIIs\nFGD\nHH\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHost\n\n\nIDP\n\n\nIDP\nReturnee\n\n\nRefugee\n\n\nRefugee\nReturnee\n\n\nUndocu\n\nmente\u2026\n\n\nBlank\n\n\n\n\n\nRespondents Gender - KII\n\n\n\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\nBlank\u2026\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Fourth Quarter 2021 protection_ _monitoring (HHs, FGDs, KIIs)_\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE", - "confidence": 0.8579695820808411, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9333166480064392, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7546206712722778, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n## **1. CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\nPrior to August 2021, millions of Afghans were seeking out an already\nprecarious existence based on subsistence level livelihoods. The\neconomic collapse and liquidity crisis the country continues to\nexperience, coupled with severe drought and rising food prices, has\nmeant people are facing a new level of economic desperation, largely\nunable to access salaries or cash, unable to cultivate crops, sell\nlivestock or engage in basic income generating activities. Hunger is\nestimated to now impact half the population. [5] For women previously\nengaged in a range of economic activities and sectors, their ability to\npursue work and earn an income has been severely hampered in light\nof formal and informal restrictions, further exacerbating the\neconomic crisis faced by many households. In addition, women have\nbeen disproportionately impacted by the collapse of several\ngovernment services such as health care and education.\n\n\nMany of the coping mechanisms available to people across\nAfghanistan, like the selling of household assets, have largely been\nexhausted after months of deep economic crisis. People are now left\nwith an incredibly narrow range of largely harmful options in their\nefforts to survive, with such negative coping mechanisms creating\ntheir own protection risks. Reports of households resorting to the use\nof child labour (particularly for boys), the sale of children,\nrecruitment of children into armed groups, early and forced marriage\nof adolescent girls and risky, undocumented migration and drug\nabuse are now widespread. [6] Children are being recruited and\n\n\n5\nUNHCR, UN Partners Launch Plans to Help 28 million people with acute need in Afghanistan\n6\nOHCHR, Statement by Nada Al-Nashif UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights and\nUNICEF, Statement by Executive Director Henrietta Fore, Girls increasingly at risk of child\nmarriage in Afghanistan\n\n\n\ndeployed by armed groups and are increasingly visible operating\ncheckpoints and acting as security guards. With the collapse of rule\nof law, rising levels of criminality are also reported. [7] While education\nis known as a critical protective factor for children and youth, access\nto education for girls remains highly restricted and where education\nis available, many children are being forced to drop out due to rising\nlevels of poverty, as families require children to work in order to\nsupport households.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n7\nAl Jazeera, Drug addiction \u2013 a big challenge for Taliban government, January 2022.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n## **2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n**a.** **CURRENT THREATS TO THE POPULATION**\n\n\n**Arbitrary arrest, disappearances and killings**\n\nThe General Amnesty announced by the Taliban leadership upon\ntaking power on 15 August 2021 has not been fully respected. There\nare credible allegations of enforced disappearances, unlawful\ndetentions and extrajudicial killings of personnel from the previous\ngovernment, human rights defenders and civil society activists,\njournalists and media workers and persons belonging to minority\ngroups, including minority religious and ethnic groups and women\nand girls. [8] . Between 15 August and 15 November, UNAMA and\nOHCHR received credible allegations of more than 110 such killings,\nof which at least 80 extrajudicial killings were reportedly attributed\nto the de facto authorities. [9] Furthermore concerns have been raised\nabout the extrajudicial killing of individuals suspected of affiliation\nwith ISIL-K, mostly from Nangarhar province. The United Nations has\ndocumented at least 50 such killings, including beheadings, and the\npublic display of corpses. According to HRW, \u201cTaliban forces have\nkilled or forcibly disappeared more than 100 former security force\nmembers in just four provinces [Ghazni, Helmand, Kunduz, and\nKandahar] in the three months since their takeover of Kabul, on\n\n\n8\n_[Executions and Enforced Disappearances in Afghanistan under the Taliban | HRW](https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/30/no-forgiveness-people-you/executions-and-enforced-disappearances-afghanistan)_ _and_\n_[Afghanistan: Government collapse marked by \u2018repeated war crimes and relentless bloodshed\u2019](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/afghanistan-government-collapse-marked-by-repeated-war-crimes-and-relentless-bloodshed-new-report/)_\n\n_[\u2013 new report - Amnesty International.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/afghanistan-government-collapse-marked-by-repeated-war-crimes-and-relentless-bloodshed-new-report/)_\n\n\n\nAugust 15. They have also targeted family members of former\nsecurity force members.\u201d\n\nIn the period from 16 August to 30 November 2021, UNAMA and\nOHCHR documented incidents affecting 23 civil society activists due\nto their work. Eight were killed (three by the de facto authorities,\nthree by ISIL-K and two cases could not be attributed). The remaining\n15 cases involved temporary arrests, beatings and threats by the de\nfacto authorities. In the same period, UNAMA and OHCHR\ndocumented incidents affecting 48 journalists and media workers,\nincluding 2 women, and one radio/TV station due to their work. Two\nof the victims were killed (one by ISIL-K and one could not be\nattributed), and two were injured by unknown armed men. The\nremaining 44 cases involved temporary arrests or deprivation of\nliberty, beatings and/or threats or intimidation, attributed to the de\nfacto authorities. Although the overall number of casualties\ndecreased following the takeover of the country by the Taliban, they\nare continuing and there is a significant increase in temporary arrests\nand beatings by the de facto authorities, with 28 arrests and 10\nbeatings recorded since 16 August 2021.\n\n**Discriminatory and Punitive Gender Norms**\n\nThe discernible narrowing of the space for the rights of women and\ngirls is underpinned by protection monitoring data which highlights\nworrying trends in the worsening situation for women and girls\nacross Afghanistan. In all areas of their lives, women and girls are\n\n\n9\nhttps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/A_HRC_49_90_E.pdf\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nincreasingly disproportionately affected by the stressors of conflict,\neconomic hardship, displacement and changing social norms, facing\nthe increased threat of violence, coercion and deliberate deprivation.\nViolence against women and girls in Afghanistan has further\nincreased due to restrictions in women and girls\u2019 enjoyment of their\nrights and freedoms, particularly women\u2019s right to work. [10] While the\nneed for services has increased, access to essential services for\nsurvivors of violence has been greatly impacted.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n10\n_[UN calls for solidarity and commitment to end violence against women and girls amidst](https://unama.unmissions.org/un-calls-solidarity-and-commitment-end-violence-against-women-and-girls-amidst-humanitarian-crises)_\n_[humanitarian crises | UNAMA (unmissions.org).](https://unama.unmissions.org/un-calls-solidarity-and-commitment-end-violence-against-women-and-girls-amidst-humanitarian-crises)_\n11\n_[UN Calls for Solidarity to End Violence Against Women and Girls | TOLOnews](https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-175612)_\n\n\n\nUNAMA reports that the rate of violence against women and girls in\nAfghanistan is the highest in the world, with 9 out of 10 women\nexperiencing at least one form of intimate partner violence in their\nlifetime, noting that the recent restrictions against women in\nAfghanistan, especially on their right to work and education, has\nincreased the level of violence against them. [11] In this connection,\nAmnesty International issued a statement on 6 December 2021\ncalling on the Taliban to reopen the Ministry of Women\u2019s Affairs and\nalso to allow for safe houses to function again in Afghanistan. [12]\nAmnesty describes the actions of the Taliban, whereby it not only\nthrew open prison doors releasing many who had been convicted of\ncrimes against women, while closing down shelters for women\nsurvivors of domestic violence, as decimating the services available\nto survivors of gender-based violence and placing many survivors, as\nwell as shelter staff, lawyers, judges, government officials, and others\ninvolved in protective services, at risk.\n\n2021 has been described by HRW was an unfortunate year for\nwomen mostly because of developments in Afghanistan, as the\nTaliban had rolled-back access to rights by women. [13] Furthermore,\nthe Ministry of the Prevention of Vice and Promotion of Virtue\n(MoPVPV) issued a new directive which requires women to be\naccompanied by a close male family member for journeys of more\nthan 72 kilometers, which will inevitably limit their freedom and\nchoice of movement. [14]\n\n\n12\n_[Afghanistan: Survivors of gender-based violence abandoned following Taliban takeover \u2013](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/afghanistan-survivors-of-gender-based-violence-abandoned-following-taliban-takeover-new-research/)_\n_[new research - Amnesty International.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/afghanistan-survivors-of-gender-based-violence-abandoned-following-taliban-takeover-new-research/)_\n13\n_[2021 'Hasn't Been a Good Year' for Afghan Women: HRW | TOLOnews.](https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-175982)_\n14\n_[Afghanistan's Taliban ban long-distance road trips for solo women - BBC News](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59800113)_\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Feeling of Safety**\n\n\n# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n**Freedom of Movement**\n\n\n\nGenerally, the perception amongst respondents in Q4, based on\nprotection monitoring finding indicates greater feelings of safety. The\nincreased sense of security according to 75% of respondents in Q4\n(39% increase from the Q3, 62% from Q2 and 66% Q1) could be\nexplained by the fact that wide-spread armed conflict ceased with\nthe change in authorities since August. This is largely not the case\nhowever for persons with specific profiles and protection risks: 12 \u2013\n29% of the population still indicated that they do not feel safe and\nthat the security situation has worsened.\n\nThe overall contributing factors for the decreasing sense of safety in\n2021 include increased criminality (34%) conflict between\ngovernment and anti-government elements (28%), targeted attacks\n(19%), competition for resources (12%), and increased protests/civil\ndemonstrations (9%). The level of criminality during the fourth\nquarter is indicated to have increased from 23% in the 3 [rd] quarter to\n34% in the 4 [th], which is consistent with the degradation in the general\nsecurity environment with the devastating economic crisis, leading to\nan increase in criminality. [15] The increased fear and worry for safety\nare supported by findings from UNHCR, which received 7,270 queries\nthrough its hotline phones and emails during November 2021,\nexpressing their safety/security issues. Based on a random sampling\nanalysis, it was found that 38% of queries were from formergovernment officials, including high ranking officials, with 87 % of the\nqueries requesting support with evacuations and relocations. [16]\n\n\n15\n_[Kabul Residents Urge Govt to Tackle Crime | TOLOnews.](https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-175632)_\n\n\n\nFrom a gender comparison, 44.5% males indicated they can move\nfreely, while only 39% of females indicated the same. During FGDs,\nthe significant majority of respondents mentioned that men and boys\nare free to move within their community, whereas this was a much\nsmaller majority for women and girls. However, when comparing the\nfourth quarter with previous quarters, there is a reduction in the\npercentage of men and boys who said that they are free to move\nwithin the community (69%) compared to the third quarter (78%).\n\n\n16\n_[Accountability to Affected Populations Working Group, feedback_digest_issue_03.pdf](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/feedback_digest_issue_03.pdf)_\n_[(humanitarianresponse.info).](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/feedback_digest_issue_03.pdf)_\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9378445744514465, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9713811874389648, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6540449857711792, - "start": 144, - "end": 145 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q4", - "confidence": 0.5691967606544495, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8937085866928101, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "feedback_digest_issue_03.pdf", - "confidence": 0.6626194715499878, - "start": 459, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Accountability to Affected Populations Working Group", - "confidence": 0.6979492902755737, - "start": 452, - "end": 458 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Affected Populations", - "confidence": 0.5719587802886963, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nOn the other hand, and consistent with the reality on the ground,\nonly 49% of women and girls said that they are free to move within\nthe community which shows a 12% decrease on the previous quarter\n(61%). The reasons provided for not being able to move freely range\nfrom fear for personal safety, discrimination, socio-cultural barriers\nto physical barriers (including lack of ramps for persons with physical\ndisabilities). Furthermore, majority of KII respondents in 2021\nmentioned that men and boys are able to move freely, 19% higher\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthan women and girls (55%). The main contributing factors for not\nbeing able to move, according to KIIs, are different for women and\ngirls and men and boys. For women/girls, the main reasons include\n\n17\nHRP 2022\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/document/afghanistan-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/document/afghanistan-humanitarian-response-plan-2022)\n[humanitarian-response-plan-2022](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/document/afghanistan-humanitarian-response-plan-2022)\n\n\n\nsocial/cultural barriers (26%), lack of trust in the community (20%),\ndiscrimination (16%), lack of trust in the community (15%),\ndiscrimination (11%) and social cultural barrier (10%).\n\n**COPING MECHANISMS**\n\n\n2021 finished with unprecedented levels of need amongst ordinary\nwomen, men and children in Afghanistan. 24.4 million people are in\nneed of humanitarian assistance \u2013 more than half the population [17] .\n22.8 million people are projected to be acutely food insecure in 2022,\nincluding 8.7 million at risk of famine-like conditions [18] . Years of\ncompounded crises topped with the Taliban takeover and the biggest\neconomic collapse the country has known, sent prices skyrocketing,\nwhile simultaneously diminishing people\u2019s purchasing power. People\nare increasingly desperate, have exhausted nearly all regular coping\nstrategies and have resorted to taking on unmanageable debt\nburdens and relying on dangerous coping mechanisms to survive.\nIn quarter four as previous quarters, the same three coping\nstrategies (borrowing money, sale of asset and child labour) remain\nthe top coping strategies.\n\nDue to the economic crisis and lack of cash liquidity, increased\nunemployment and the unpredictable circumstances and uncertainty\nin the country, less money is available for loans and borrowing. As a\nconsequence, an increasing percentage of respondents report selling\nassets and relying on child labour. Including sending children to work\nin other parts of the country, to neighboring countries - as strategies\n\n\n18\nWFP Afghanistan situation report 19 January 2022\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE", - "confidence": 0.532853364944458, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9723343849182129, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7522250413894653, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9979825019836426, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP Afghanistan situation report", - "confidence": 0.755713164806366, - "start": 453, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.829113245010376, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9839948415756226, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9631292223930359, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nto cope with low income and limited livelihood opportunities.\nAccording to both HH and KII surveys, child labour and other coping\nstrategies involving children \u2013 child labour, child marriage, selling\nchildren, and child recruitment- predominate as means of resort for\nhouseholds coping with the crisis in Afghanistan.\n\nAccording to all four quarters of household data in 2021, the\nprevalence of negative coping mechanisms involving children was\nhighest in Sar-e-Pul province, followed by Ghazni, Kapisa, Uruzgan\nand Kandahar. The most prevalent type of child labour recorded in\nthe past two quarters were employment at a bazaar/market,\nagricultural work, construction or industrial work followed by\nsending children to other countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Protection monitoring (HHs) Jan-Dec 2021_\n\n\nBelow are some harmful coping mechanisms representing a high\npercentage in the household survey by province:\n\n\n\n\n - Selling child/ exchanging child for debt relief: Ghazni3%,\nKandahar3%\n\n - Forced marriage: Kandahar 4%, Sar-e-pul 4%\n\n - Child marriage: Sar-e-pul 11%, Hilmand 9%\n\n - Begging on the street: Zabul 10%, Hilmand 8%\n\nAs per the household level data, it seems that migration as a\nmechanism to cope with the crisis has drastically increased in\nquarters three and four. While migration \u2013 inside and outside the\ncountry - represented 4% of the mechanisms reported at the\nbeginning of 2021, it had increased to more than 9% at the end of\n2021. Quarters three and four have seen high levels of displacements\nwhich are likely to continue as households have exhausted the\nmajority of regular coping mechanisms. This will most likely increase\nfamily separation and increase the vulnerability of both individuals\nmigrating and the ones left behind. The situation of female-headed\nhouseholds is particularly dire as women and girls\u2019 rights and\nopportunities have become increasingly restricted.\n\n\n**Lack of Civil Documentation**\n\nAccording to the protection monitoring conducted at the household\nlevel from January to December, 36% of respondents reported lack\nof at least one form of civil documentation. The percentage of people\nlacking documents was higher amongst females (57%) than male\n(43%). The findings indicate that Tazkiras (both paper and electronic)\nwere the most prominent document people lacked (39%), followed\nby passports (15%), marriages certificates (12%), and birth\ncertificates (11%). The collected data indicate that women and girls\nhave less access to civil documentation than men and boys.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household data", - "confidence": 0.5577629208564758, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.534471333026886, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.545864999294281, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8528980612754822, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8891128301620483, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household survey", - "confidence": 0.9120593070983887, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8498817086219788, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7220167517662048, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6685757637023926, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household level data", - "confidence": 0.9732218384742737, - "start": 213, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9167221188545227, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5401788949966431, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9879477620124817, - "start": 353, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8241907954216003, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nThe most frequently cited reasons for lacking documentation were:\n\u2018never obtained\u2019 (39%), lack of knowledge about procedures (18%),\nand perceived as \u2018not needed\u2019 (14%).\n\nAmong the different population groups, IDPs have the highest rate of\nlacking documents (61.4%), followed by host community (23.4%) and\nundocumented Afghan returnees (11.3%). Amongst the top five\nprovinces monitored, Herat had the highest rate of respondents\nlacking documentation (54.7%), followed Kandahar (11.8%), Ghazni\n(7.5%), Wardak (5.4%) and Ghor (3.1%). Lack of access to civil\ndocumentation for women has reportedly increased according to\nFGD feedback. During the fourth quarter, only 38% of respondents\nmentioned that women and girls have Tazkiras and other types of\ndocuments, which shows a 23% decrease on the previous quarter\n(61%).\n\nReasons for women/girls not obtaining civil and other\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\ndocumentation include cultural and traditional barriers, family\nrestrictions, discrimination, insecurity including presence of AGEs,\neconomic constraints and no information about the importance and\nthe procedure to obtain it. It is assumed that the collapse of the\nprevious regime and closure of the relevant offices, restrictions on\nfreedom of movement for female and lack of female staff at\nadministrative offices could be the contributing factors for this\nsudden decrease.\n\nLacking documentation has multiple and serious impacts on people.\nAccording to protection monitoring findings, 41% reported not being\nable to access basic services, 16% reported not being able to access\nassistance, (humanitarian and government) and unable to move\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE", - "confidence": 0.6623393893241882, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Lack of access to civil\ndocumentation for women", - "confidence": 0.5820135474205017, - "start": 150, - "end": 158 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.7471750974655151, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6663841009140015, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring findings", - "confidence": 0.9461520910263062, - "start": 306, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nfreely, and 14% reported not being able to access education due to\nlack of documentation.\n\n**Presence of Mine and Explosive Hazards**\nPresence of mines and leftover pressure-plate improvised explosive\n\n\ndevices (IEDs) and other explosive remnants of war (ERWs) have\nincreased across the provinces surveyed. Data collected in 2021\nshows that improvised mines are the leading cause of civilian\ncasualties accounting for 72% of total civilian casualties followed by\nERWs (26%). Children are particularly vulnerable to fall victim to\nERWs and (79 %) of the ERW casualties. Out of School children are\nalso considered specifically at risk, given they often play outdoors or\nhave a role in supporting their families (such as collecting scrap\nmetal, fire wood, water etc).\n\n\nThe Household Survey revealed that a majority 89% (compared to\n82% in Q3) of households lack awareness about mines and other\nexplosives and 75% indicated that they lack awareness on where to\nreport explosives (which shows a 10% increase compared to Q3). HHS\nalso report that children were particularly at risk of death or serious\ninjury with impacts of mine presence in area which effect the access\n\n\nand wellbeing child such as children cannot play safely and children\ncannot access school safely (19%) and other reported concerns were\npeople not being able to access services (17%), and effects on\nlivelihood such as restrictions on animal grazing (20%), and\nhousehold chores such as collecting water (13%). This highlights the\n\n\n19\nNRC conducted an assessment in Balkh province in March 2021 and the results indicated\nthat over half the respondents lived in rental houses and 83% of those did not have a rental\nagreement with the landlord.\n\n\n\nneed for increased efforts towards mine risk education and\nclearance.\n\n\nProvince disaggregation indicates that Badakhsahan and Hilmand\nhad the highest rate of respondents who reported lack of awareness\nabout mines (97 %), followed by Parwan (96%), Hirat and Uruzgan\n(93%), Ghor and Kandahar (89%), Kabul (87%), Ghazni and Frayab\n(86% ) and Wardak (69%).The top ten provinces of high concern from\na mine action perspective are: Kandahar, Hilmand, Zabul, Nangarhar,\nGhor, Ghazni, Paktya, Balkh, Uruzgan and Sari-e-Pul.\n\n\n**Housing, Land & Property Concerns**\n\n\n16% of the respondents indicated their communities experience land\nrelated issues during the reporting period mostly in Hilmand, Zabul,\nNangarhar, Kabul and Ghor provinces. The main HLP issue reported\nby household survey respondents arise from rental disputes,\ninheritance dispute and access and use issues come second.\nAccording to the Key Informant Interviews, the rent issues is partly\ndue to the household inability to pay their rent on time resulting in\nharassment and eviction from property owners. Some also\nmentioned abusive practices used by landlords - sudden increase of\nrent or rent asked before the end of the month. Most households do\nnot have rental agreements with landlords, hence increasing their\nvulnerabilities to eviction and abuse. [19] Households affected by\ndisplacement also mentioned the issue around land use and\noccupation (government and private). Displaced persons and\nreturnees commonly rent or live in makeshift settlements\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE", - "confidence": 0.5089223384857178, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.6002941131591797, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9686138033866882, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8741525411605835, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.9953525066375732, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8479294180870056, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Balkh province", - "confidence": 0.554643988609314, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9682905673980713, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nimmediately after displacement and into prolonged periods of\ndisplacement and often without written agreements, placing them at\nincreased risk of forced eviction and other abuses. [20]\n\n\nInadequate shelter and access to services in these areas can spur\nconflict with host communities, drive households into debt and limit\nopportunities for durable solutions. Issues around inheritance rights\nalso came out strongly from the KI interviews. It especially affects\nwomen as communities and, families discriminate against women\u2019s\n\n\ninheritance rights and informal justice systems discriminate in the\napplication of the related legal frameworks. Many households live in\nvery precarious situations with inherent instability and their rights\nnot protected. This situation pushes them towards even more\nuncertainties and makes them especially vulnerable to abuse and\nexploitation. There is a need to continue support households\nespecially vulnerable ones\u2013 female households, protractive displaced\nfamily \u2013 by providing HLP assistance as well as cash for rent for\nhouseholds are risk of eviction.\n\n\n20\nNRC assessment conducted in March 2021 in Herat province in informal IDP settlements,\n63% of residents had experienced a threat of forced eviction in the last few years\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n## **2.2. EFFECTS ON POPULATION**\n\n**Denial of Access to Services**\n\n35% of Household Survey respondents reported denial of access to\nservices in Q4 which shows an increase of 4% compared to Q3. This\nwas mainly livelihood support (12%), health (11%), support for\npersons with specific needs (8%), WASH (8%), education (7%), and\nchild protection, legal aid and rehabilitation services to person with\ndisabilities (6% each). The reasons for denial of access to services\nincluded assistance not free (24%), followed by assistance not being\nwhat community needs (18%), assistance not reaching people in\nneed (17%), people lacking the required documentation (12%),\ndiscrimination (11%) and harassment and or exploitation (4%).\nCompared to the HHS data the KIIs show 23% reporting communities\ndenied access to services with highest of denied to livelihood\nservices. Importantly, the Province disaggregation indicates that\nGhazni had the highest rate of respondents who reported denial of\naccess to services (60%), followed by Parwan (58%), Wardak (50%),\nSar-e \u2013Pul (45%), Hirat (39%), Ghor (34%), Nimroz (31%), Takhar\n(22%) and Kabul, Kandahar and Badakhshan (12%).\n\n**Inability to Access Existing Services**\n\nOverall, 62% of KIIs respondents reported that their community\nmembers were unable to access existing services (compared to 36%\nin household survey), mainly livelihood support (13%), health (12%),\nsupport for persons with special needs, women protection and\npsychosocial support (8 %), education, WASH and rehabilitation for\n\n\n\npersons with disabilities (7%), documentation (6%) and shelter (4%).\nThe most affected groups are female headed-HHs (12%) persons with\ndisabilities, women at risk-HHs, child headed-HHs and elderly person\nheaded-HHs (10% each), persons with life-threatening health issues\n(9%), single male headed-HHs (6%), and unaccompanied and\nseparated children (4%).\n\nThe main reasons for being unable to access these services are being\nunable to pay for the service 21% (compared to 22% in the Q3),\nassistance not being what people need 19% (compared to 14% in Q3)\nassistance not reaching people in need 17% (compared to 16% in Q3),\nfacing discrimination/exclusion (16%), and lacking documentation\n14% (compared to 19% in Q3). While 65% of IDPs reported on\ninability to access available services upon arrival to displacement\nlocation, specifically on health and livelihood services, the barrier for\naccess is indicated as a lack of information on available service and\nrequired documentation to get access. Furthermore, the protection\nmonitoring household data indicated that IDPs plan to integrate to\nthe existing community due to have access to services and\ninfrastructure (9%).\n\n**Social Cohesion**\n\nSimilar to the third quarter of 2021, quantitative data gathered\nthrough HHS and KIIs indicates populations of concern experience\ngenerally positive relationships within communities and between\ndifferent groups. However, FGDs and qualitative findings convey a\nmore complex picture with strains much more evident, particularly in\nEastern provinces of Kandahar and Zabul. The deterioration in the\neconomy is impacting social cohesion with HHS showing increased\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.6777982711791992, - "start": 36, - "end": 39 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8111143708229065, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9658923745155334, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q4", - "confidence": 0.7331359386444092, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HHS data", - "confidence": 0.856752872467041, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting communities\ndenied access to services", - "confidence": 0.771725058555603, - "start": 192, - "end": 198 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5277898907661438, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.5773994326591492, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.63579261302948, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community\nmembers", - "confidence": 0.5385937094688416, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nmonitoring household data", - "confidence": 0.9920452833175659, - "start": 576, - "end": 580 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "displacement\nlocation", - "confidence": 0.6023148894309998, - "start": 542, - "end": 544 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5965012907981873, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9593819975852966, - "start": 531, - "end": 532 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HHS", - "confidence": 0.931599497795105, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "third quarter of 2021", - "confidence": 0.5408850312232971, - "start": 612, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.5725554823875427, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5405505895614624, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\nreports of fighting for resources (increasing 5% on the last quarter to\n17%) as a reason for worsened security in their community.\n\n\nDebt-related harassment and competition for jobs are some of the\ndriving factors according to KIIs, reported most between host\ncommunity members, whilst HHS findings show that lack of trust\nwithin communities is the key reason movement is restricted for men\nand boys. IDP and host community FGDs in particular cite strains on\nlocal infrastructure, the impact of drought, and debt-related issues\ncausing friction to build. Female FGDs cite overcrowding and [intra]familial violence as contributors with mental health problems going\nunaddressed, whilst males point more to political differences and\neconomic tensions. Women and girls are increasingly the subject of\ndiscrimination and exclusion from public spaces and their own\ncommunities.\n\n\nFGD data indicates that unifying factors including cultural/religious\nbonds, family ties, common language, and mutual respect remain\nstrong in the majority of locations.\n\n\n**Dispute Resolution Mechanisms**\n\n\nDuring October to December, 16% of household survey respondents\nreported having challenges in accessing dispute resolution\nmechanisms, showing a 2% increase on the previous quarter.\nWomen are facing more challenges as compared to men with 22%\nof female respondents \u2013 twice the number of males \u2013 reporting\naccess difficulties. The impact of barriers and a reluctance to turn to\nexternal or formal mechanisms as currently available is\ndemonstrated in KIIs which report women tend towards reliance on\n\n21\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/18/afghanistan-female-judges-hiding-talibantakeover\n\n\n\nfamily and relatives or choose to resolve issues amongst\nthemselves.\n\n\nKey barriers reported by all demographics are fees, followed by\ndiscrimination and lack of trust in the mechanisms, with IDPs and\nhost community most likely to report unfair treatment. The findings\nalso show a 2% increase in lack of female representation this quarter,\ndovetailing with the removal of female staff from security and justice\nsectors. Reports have also circulated this period of female former\njudiciary members forced into hiding due to threats to life from those\nallied with the de facto authorities and prisoners sentenced by them\nand now released. [21]\n\n\n\nSurveys show that informal mechanisms, namely elders, Mullahs, and\nfamily and relatives, are most popular among all demographics. Since\nthe fall of the former government, the de facto authorities have not\nbeen able to re-establish rule\n\n\u201cWe try to solve our problems between\n\nof law or a formal justice\n\nourselves, else the elders will gather to\n\nsystem across all parts of the\n\nresolve the issue. If the elders couldn\u2019t\n\ncountry, but the long\n\nresolve we will go to the Taliban.\u201d\n\nestablished \u2018shadow courts\u2019\nsystem of the Taliban is now Female KII, IDP Returnee, October 2021\npreeminent. The use of\npunishments such as public \u201c _Tension between different groups in_\nshaming, torture and public _the community is due to political_\nexecutions have been _alignments_ .\u201d\nreported with de facto\nofficials announcing plans to reinstate amputation and execution as\nsentences for certain crimes, which constitute violations of\n\n\n\n\u201cWe try to solve our problems between\nourselves, else the elders will gather to\nresolve the issue. If the elders couldn\u2019t\nresolve we will go to the Taliban.\u201d\n\n\n\nFemale KII, IDP Returnee, October 2021\n\n\n\n\u201c _Tension between different groups in_\n_the community is due to political_\n_alignments_ .\u201d\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD data", - "confidence": 0.986117422580719, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5921358466148376, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.7066220641136169, - "start": 270, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reports", - "confidence": 0.5243299603462219, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female former\njudiciary members", - "confidence": 0.7132493853569031, - "start": 359, - "end": 363 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\ninternational law and Afghanistan\u2019s treaty obligations. Various\nreports of public executions without any orders issued by the\nSupreme Court were widespread in the media. Most notably, the\nbodies of four men hanged in Herat were put on public display, and\nin Badakhshan, three men accused of theft were reportedly tortured\nand shamed in public. [22] Despite the brutal nature of sentencing and\ndiscrimination in this justice system, HHS respondents report an\nincrease in the satisfactory resolution of their issues this quarter\nwhich may be indicative of the swift decisions reached both by\ninformal and de facto mechanisms in the absence of a\ncomprehensive legal framework and due process.\n\n## **EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS PROTECTION** **RISKS**\n\n\n**Invest in ongoing relationships and trust building with communities**\n**and authorities**\nThe humanitarian community in Afghanistan has made real strides\nover the past months in terms of opening up space for essential\nnegotiation with the de facto authorities, enabling humanitarian\nservices and staff to safely operate. Such engagement, with local\ndecision-makers, religious and community leaders, and broader\ncommunities themselves, must continue to be priorities and it must\nbe premised on the shared aims of protecting the rights and\nwellbeing of all Afghans, including women and girls. Such\nengagement can support the establishment of greater trust and\ninclusive dialogue, of continued negotiation for improved access to\n\n\n22\n[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/09/26/taliban-bodies-herat-square/;](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/09/26/taliban-bodies-herat-square/)\nhttps://www.jurist.org/news/2021/11/afghanistan-dispatches-taliban-reintroduce-publicshaming-as-criminal-punishment/\n\n\n\nservices and programme implementation, and of opportunities for\nregular sensitisation with regards to humanitarian and protection\nprinciples.\n\n\n**Local partner NGOs and Civil Society Organisations**\nSubstantial and sustained investment in local and national protection\ncapacities is needed now. Afghanistan has a long history of impactful\nleadership by protection and human rights-focused organizations,\nbased on strong national legal frameworks and constitutional\ngrounds. However, many have lost critical staff capacity and are\nstruggling to fully re-establish or scale-up operations in safe ways for\nstaff and communities. Their current efforts in fostering IHL\ncompliance at province level roundtables with de facto authorities\nare crucial to safeguard humanitarian space, for instance. More\nsupport is needed for their participation in UN national coordination\nmechanisms, in-country member states briefings and strategies for\nengagement with the de facto authorities at national level.\n\n## **RESPONSES**\n\n\n**OPERATIONAL CONTEXT INCLUDING ACCESS ISSUES**\n\n\n**Humanitarian Access**\n\nAccording to the Humanitarian Access Group (HAG) report, overall,\nwith 2,085 access impediments, the number of incidents impacting\nhumanitarian actors doubled in 2021, as compared to 2020 (1104\naccess constraints). After 15 August, the peak in the number of access\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\nconstraints was seen between the end of August and the beginning\nof September 2021, while the new de facto authorities were\ntransitioning from an armed group to a de facto authority,\nestablishing control over broad areas as well as establishing liaison\nwith humanitarian actors. Interference constituted the principal\nimpediment to humanitarian access during Q4 2021, marking a\ndistinct difference to hostilities that had dominated Q3 particularly\nthe earlier part. 64% incidents were reported as interference in\nprograming, de facto authorities were responsible for 59 and Taliban\narmed forces for 5 incidents. Half of the total interference in\nprogramming incidents were recorded in Badghis (9), Kandahar (8),\nHirat (8), Balkh and Kabul (5 each). Most common incidents were\nattempts to influence assessments and distributions processes, and\nselection of areas, requests for confidential details, and demands for\ncoordination and prior agreement for resuming programs. [23]\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\nFemale engagement in humanitarian action fluctuated over 2021,\nwith a significant increase in the number of constraints recorded\nfrom mid-summer and through August \u2013November following the\nevents of 15 August. Overall, from October to the end of 2021, the\nnumber of provinces in which a full agreement has been secured\nregarding the participation of women in humanitarian action\nincreased from three to twenty-five, while the number of provinces\nin which no agreement was secured decreased from six to none.\nHowever, despite these agreements the capacity to address certain\nprotection risks or implement standalone protection activities\nremained limited.\n\n\n23\nHumanitarian Access Group Q4 Quarterly Report\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n\n**3.1.1** **Operational Constraints**\n\n - Operational challenges for organizations have also been a\nreality, as some interventions had to be put on hold, shifted\nor be repackaged while the enormity of need, particularly in\nthe absence of even basic government services, has simply\nballooned. Coupled with rising needs is the loss of enormous\ncapacity across civil society. Human rights and women\u2019s\nrights leaders, protection experts, GBV specialists,\ncommunity organizers, campaigners and beyond have all\nbeen faced with particular uncertainty and risk since the\npolitical power shift and many have been forced to leave the\ncountry in search of safety.\n\n - Cash restriction and the current economic crises are\nexpected to continue driving up food costs, which will likely\nfurther increase food insecurity, debt, unemployment and\nreliance on negative coping strategies.\n\n\n - Many protection activities, including community-based\nprotection monitoring, identification of PSN and those who\nneed of GBV and MHPSS services were impacted by the\nrestrictions on work placed on female staff. The limitations in\nworking remotely do not ensure sufficient space and privacy\nto guarantee full protection of female clients.\n\n - Serious concerns exist about keeping data safe and its\nprotection generally in the country. Data on GBV clients is a\nparticular concern capable of putting both service providers\nand clients at risk. For this reason, recording and keeping\nGBV related data was postponed until its collection can be\nensured in a safe and feasible manner in accordance with\n\n\n\nGBViE Minimum Standards and global standards for data\nprotection.\n\n - Despite indications that these and other protection risks are\ngrowing, access to related assistance and services were\nalready constrained and the past months have seen further\nchallenges. This reflects a mix of factors, including\nrestrictions on services, such as the shutdown of shelters,\nand insecurity, including in relation to the presence or\nperceived presence of explosive hazards, limiting the ability\nof those in need to access services and assistance. The\ncollapse of basic state systems is further curbing available\nsupports, including in light of the non-functioning of child\nwelfare system and the collapse of the social service\nworkforce\n\n**3.2** **POPULATION REACHED & FUNDING DATA**\n\n\nFrom January to December 2021, Protection Cluster partners\nreached around **3,257,465 individuals** out of the total target of\n**3,969,191 (82 % achieved** ). In 2021, protection partners received\naround **$71.6 million (62%)** out of the total funding required for 2021\nHRP $114.6 million.\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\n\n## **RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n**For Donors & Members States:**\n\n\n - Strengthen engagement and advocacy with neighboring\ngovernments and key member states in the region and\nglobally to support safe border crossings and meaningful\naccess to asylum within and beyond the region.\n\n - Use all available leverage points and diplomatic channels to\n**protect and promote women\u2019s and girl\u2019s rights** . This must\nalso include joined-up, non-negotiable support for the equal\nparticipation of female staff as part of the humanitarian\nresponse.\n\n - Step up **multi-year, flexible funding streams, capacity**\n**building platforms and area-based modalities**, all aimed at\nsupporting the long-term viability and effectiveness of\nnational civil society stakeholders, including protection\npartners, women\u2019s rights organizations and human rights\ndefenders.\n\n - Guarantee that all NGOs have access to the Humanitarian\nExchange Facility and Humanitarian Financial Corridors,\nensuring low transfer costs and securing insurance to reduce\nthe liability of NGOs for dealing with cash in Afghanistan.\n\n\n**For HC/HCT & Humanitarian partners** :\n\n\n_On protection_\n\n\n - Engage in **advocacy and in continuous dialogue** with the de\nfacto authorities to:\n\n`o` Promote the full participation of women and girls in\n\npublic life.\n\n\n\n\n`o` Resituate the formal justice system and respect for\n\ninternational human rights law.\n\n`o` Enable the independent and fulsome\nimplementation of protection programmes and\nservices, including specialized GBV services and mine\naction.\n\n - Ensure that alongside specialized and stand-alone protection\nservices, **integrated protection interventions** are embedded\nacross different areas of humanitarian action, from nutrition,\nemergency food assistance and health programmes to\nshelter initiatives and WASH services to increase reach and\ncoverage. This will enable the promotion of food for peace\ncontributions, social cohesion, and will support the use of\nfood assistance for protection outcomes.\n\n - Identify ways to further support **protection monitoring and**\n**human rights reporting**, particularly in light of decreasing\nUNAMA capacity.\n\n - Make meaningful **investments in local partners operations**\nand capacity, with the aim of longer-term rebuilding and\nsupport to protection organizations, leaders and networks,\nand women\u2019s rights organizations.\n\n - Pursue opportunities to open up space within humanitarian\ncoordination system for local protection and women\u2019s rights\norganizations\u2019 greater participation and leadership.\n\n\n_On mine action_\n\n\n - Provide **unconditional access for humanitarian mine action**\npersonnel, including Quick Response Teams and women\nstaff, to previously restricted areas for demining, risk\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q4**\n\neducation, ERW removal and other mine action activities to\nensure that civilians returning to their areas of origin and\nhumanitarians deploying to those areas can do so in a safe\nmanner.\n\n_On accountability and PSEA_\n\n\n - Ensure a **principled approach to the targeting and delivery**\n**of protection and humanitarian assistance**, with strong\naccountability to affected population. This includes ensuring\ngroups facing particular risks are receiving the specific\nsupports they need, based on disaggregated data and strong\nintersectional analysis, as well as setting-up/reinforcing\nlocalized and responsible accountability mechanisms.\n\n - Ensure **localized and responsive accountability mechanisms**\nare in place for all demographics, particularly as women and\ngirls may be more hesitant to give feedback on humanitarian\nassistance or make complaints about exploitation and abuse\ndue to decreased respect for women\u2019s rights.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffeb800e-1702-39ba-b790-dae700cb707b/Afghanistan%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Quarter%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_236/raw/doc_236_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_236/raw/doc_236_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a79ecc34d4069e6766e11f0c9c96da974a6decbe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_236/raw/doc_236_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,709 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Afghanistan | Protection Analysis Update**\n### Update on post conflict and climate-related protection risks trends\n\n###### **DECEMBER 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\nWidespread protection risks persist in Afghanistan as a\nconsequence of the continuing humanitarian and\neconomic crisis, as well as due to shrinking protection\nspaces particularly for women, girls, and other\nvulnerable groups. The human rights situation has been\nexacerbated by **conflict**, **forced eviction**, bureaucratic\naccess impediments, as well as natural disasters like\n**earthquakes** and **flooding.** This has a devastating effect\non population coping capacities and vulnerabilities,\nwhich is escalating the impact of existing protection\nrisks.\n\n\nDuring this quarter, de facto authorities (DfA) continued\n**threatened and actual forced eviction** of people living in\ninformal settlements both on public and private land.\nMoreover, following the armed clashes between\nMawlawi Mehdi Mujahid, Hazara Commander and DFA\nforces, more than **3,000 families were displaced from**\n**Balkhab district** and fled to mountainous areas and\nneighbouring districts and provinces. By mid-July most\nof the affected families had returned to their villages,\nand reportedly **the majority were forced to return by**\n**the authorities** . The limitations on movement of women\ngo far beyond the mere issue of ability to move, and\npresent grave implications for women who are\nstruggling to support their families, especially those\nwomen who are breadwinners or the heads of their\nfamilies.\n\n\nThe DfA are increasingly asserting their control over the provision of humanitarian assistance and using bureaucratic\nmechanisms to influence humanitarian service provision. This is leading to protection risks for affected population and a\nworsening complex operating environment for NGOs. The protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered\nby this analysis are:\n\n**1.** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian assistance**\n**2.** **Unlawful Impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement and forced displacement/eviction**\n**3.** **Psychological and inflicted distress**\n**4.** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance**\n**5.** **Forced and child marriage**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent actions are needed to address the drivers of the worsening protection environment, primarily the economic crisis,\nconflict, access impediments and the unprecedented policies of discrimination and deprivation of fundamental rights of\nwomen and girls.\n\n - Strengthened advocacy and dialogue between the Humanitarian Coordination Team (HCT) and DfA is needed to compel\nthe authorities to uphold their responsibilities towards the population under their control, to facilitate access to basic\ngovernment services without discrimination, to provide unhindered humanitarian assistance and cease policies and\npractice generating forced evictions and movement restrictions for women and girls.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **CONTEXT**\n\n**GIRLS\u2019 SCHOOL**\n**PIN** **NEW IDPs** **REFUGEE RETURNEE** **HAZARDOUS AREAS**\n\n**DROPOUT**\n## **17% [1] 32.4k [2] 728k [3] 37% [4] 4,328 [5]**\n\n\n\nAfghanistan has been in a civil war for over four decades from 1970s. With Taliban\u2019s takeover in Aug 2021, there is a significant\nreduction in number of security incidents, however this does not mean that the protection situation has been improved. UN\n(United Nations) Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, Richard Bennet, has painted a grim\npicture of the situation in the country in his first report to the UN Human Rights Council, delivered in September 2022. [6] In his\nreport, Mr. Bennet expresses concern over the \u201cstaggering regression in women and girls enjoyment of civil, political,\neconomic, social and cultural rights\u201d a deteriorating security situation, including owing to the actions of the Islamic State \u2013\nKhorasan Province (ISIL-KP), ongoing arbitrary detention, torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. This state\nof affairs is confirmed through protection monitoring, as well as protection-related queries that UNHCR receives thought its\nhotline phones and protection email box. UNHCR continues to observe a high number of queries from individuals who claimed\nto be displaced from Panjshir Province and well as from former\nrequesting to be evacuated from the country. Between January \u2013\nSeptember 2022, UNHCR received 26,634 queries with a total of\n60,190 queries since 01 August 2021. The UNHCR HELP website,\n\nUNHCR, has been visited 337,787 times (the number of sessions\n\nthe site are viewed), since its launch in August 2021.\n\n\nbetween mid-August 2021 and mid-June 2022, UNAMA recorded\n2,106 civilian casualties (700 killed, 1,406 wounded). [7] ). [8] Between Jan-June 2022, the Country Task Force on Monitoring and\nReporting (CTFMR) verified 829 violations affecting 489 children (380 boys and 78 girls and 31 unknown sex) and including 56\nattacks on schools, 11 attacks on hospitals and 273 incidents of denial of humanitarian access. [9] The majority of civilian\ncasualties were attributed to targeted attacks by the armed group self-identified \u201cIslamic State in Iraq and the Levant \u2013\nKhorasan Province\u201d against ethnic and religious minority communities in places where they go to school, worship, and go\nabout their daily lives.\n\n\nThe erosion of women\u2019s rights has been one of the most notable interventions of the de facto administration to date. Women\nand girls have progressively had their rights to fully participate in education, the workplace, and other aspects of public and\ndaily life restricted and in many cases completely taken away. The decision not to allow girls to return to secondary school\nmeans that a generation of girls will not complete their full 12 years of basic education (average of 36% in 16 out of 34\nprovinces, however, higher figures ranges from 40% to 70% in Samaghan (66%), Bamyan (60%), Baglan (59%), Kabul (53%),\n\n\n1 17% increase of People in need (HPC 2023)\n2 Snapshot of Population Movements (January to October 2022), OCHA\n3 Snapshot of Population Movements (January to October 2022), OCHA\n4 WoAA\n5 MASC, Afghanistan\n6 [A_HRC_51_6_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx (live.com).](https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fhrbodies%2Fhrcouncil%2Fregularsession%2Fsession51%2F2022-09-06%2FA_HRC_51_6_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK)\n7 Human Rights in Afghanistan: 15 August 2021 to 15 June 2022, UNAMA Human Rights Services\n8 Human Rights in Afghanistan: 15 August 2021 to 15 June 2022, UNAMA Human Rights Services\n9 Afghanistan Country task force on monitoring and reporting (CTFMR) 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Helmand (56%), Badakhshan, Badghis and Takhar all at 46%). [10] At the same time, access to justice for victims of gender-based\nviolence has been limited by the dissolution of dedicated reporting pathways, justice mechanisms and shelters.\n\n\nAs noted, widespread conflict is not anymore, the primary driver of displacement. Nonetheless, displacements are still taking\nplace in some provinces. In this respect, OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) recorded the\ndisplacement of 32,410 individuals (4,630 HHs) [11] primarily from the north, northeast, central, and central highland regions\nsince the beginning of this year.\n\n\nDespite a reduction in overall concern over safety and freedom of movement caused by conflict amongst the population,\nwidespread protection risks persist in consequence of the continuing humanitarian and economic crisis in the country as well\nas due to shrinking protection spaces particularly for women, girls, and other vulnerable groups. The 2022 Whole of\nAfghanistan Assessment conducted by REACH to inform the 2023 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) and Humanitarian\nResponse Plan (HRP), notes that a key driver of humanitarian need is economic shock, with families continuing to prioritise\nfood, livelihoods, and healthcare, although needs remain consistently high across all sectors. The WoAA shows that economic\ncapacity amongst families is extremely low, subjecting them to food insecurity and the need to resort to harmful coping\nstrategies, whilst humanitarian assistance has prevented a further deterioration in the situation to a certain extent. Amidst\nthis situation and considering the restrictive policies that have been put in place by the _de facto_ authorities, female headed\nfamilies have reported increasing social and cultural barriers that restrict their access to livelihoods and access to basic services\nresulting in a compounding of their vulnerability. This is also the case of women within male headed households who face\nmajor barriers to access services.\n\n\n**DETERIORATING ECONOMY LEADING TO HARMFUL COPING MECHANISMS AND UNSAFETY**\n\n\n\nThe five top priority reasons cited by both\nfemale and male respondents in household\nassessments as to their feeling of insecurity\ndoes not stem any longer from conflict and\nrelated effects but from the inability to meet\nbasic needs owing to the ongoing economic\ncrisis and increased criminality such as theft.\nIt is notable that both groups mention a\nthreat stemming from intimidation related to\ndebt, which is also linked to the economic\ncrisis with the WoAA confirming that families\ncontinue to resort to accrual of debt as a\nharmful coping mechanism.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe findings derived through household\nassessments are largely confirmed through the KIIs. The majority of persons interviewed do not raise a major concern related\nto safety, with 86% of men and boys and 72% of women and girls indicating that they feel safe. The reasons presented by KIIs\nfor feeling unsafe are broadly like those indicated in the HHAs and relate to economic destitution and criminality with debt\nrelated intimidation cited by both female and males as a top reason contributing to a lack of safety. While these factors were\nalso cited by KIIs from the various status groups, it is notable that female and male KIIs amongst the refugee returnee group\nmentioned fear of community violence, both in their communities and with other communities, as a key concern relating to\nsafety.\n\n\n**BARRIERS TO ACCESS DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND JUSTICE MECHANISMS**\n\n\nThe formal justice system and legal framework under the de facto government continued to remain uncertain, one year after\nthe takeover from the former government. Courts are reportedly relying on the Majallat al-Ahkam al-Adliyya (Ottoman Empire\ncodification of Hanafi jurisprudence) and Taliban procedures and guidance to resolve disputes, but procedural practices in\n\n\n10 WoAA Sep 2022\n11 [As of 13 September 2022: Conflict Induced Displacements Dashboard | ReliefWeb Response.](https://response.reliefweb.int/afganistan/internal-displacement-due-conflict)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "courts and other formal institutions continue to vary across the country. [12] General restrictions on the movement of women\nand lack of women representation in justice mechanisms continued and impede women\u2019s access to these mechanisms. This is\nboth in informal justice mechanisms (less women involved in resolution of disputes such as through shuras or jirgas) and in\nformal institutions. In household interviews, the main problem reported by women in relation to accessing dispute resolution\nmechanisms was cultural barriers, suggesting that the family and socially related barriers that women face in resolving disputes\ncontinue to be intensified.\n\n\nHousehold survey respondents report that overall, communities prefer informal dispute resolution mechanisms. The most\npreferred informal dispute resolution option were mullahs, for both women and men respondents. This was followed by elders\nand religious leaders, and then family and relatives, which again was a more preferred option for women than men. Only a\nsmall percentage of respondents indicated taking a dispute to court, which is lower than the previous quarter. Undocumented\nreturnees reported a higher preference for resolving disputes through family and relatives as opposed to host communities\nand IDPs who preferred mullahs and elders. In KI (key informants) interviews, men indicated a higher preference for shura\ncouncils and religious leaders, whereas family and relatives remained the preferred option for women. FGD (Focus Group\nDiscussions) participants also indicated an overall preference for informal justice mechanisms, especially elders and religious\nleaders.\n\n\n**INCREASE IN RENTAL DISPUTES AND IMPACT OF DEBT AND UNEMPLOYMENT**\n\n\nIn quarter 3, the main HLP (Housing, Land and Property) issue reported both in household and KI interviews was rental\ndisputes, by both women and men respondents. This was reported as a high concern in most provinces across the country.\nThis is not surprising given the ongoing socio-economic difficulties faced by the Afghan population, with households taking on\nmore debt and high levels of unemployment. In July 2022, it was reported that crisis-coping strategies are five-times worse\nthan prior to August 2021 and households are spending on average 90% of their income on food. [13] Challenging economic\ncircumstances, combined with a general lack of adequate rental agreements, put households that are privately renting at huge\nrisk of disputes and forced eviction. [14]\n\n\nOther significant HLP issues reported during this quarter were access and use disputes, boundary disputes and inheritance\ndisputes. Ownership disputes and lack or loss of ownership documentation were also reported, the latter being reported as a\nparticular challenge faced by undocumented returnee populations, as well as unlawful occupation of their land. In FGDs\nconducted during this quarter, participants also highlighted that populations were facing challenges regarding ownership\ndisputes and inheritance.\n\n\nHousehold survey respondents also indicated several ongoing issues with inadequate shelter. Lack of WASH facilities was the\nmain issue reported, followed by overcrowding and damaged/destroyed shelters, with women reporting higher concerns\nabout overcrowding. These issues also came up in FGDs conducted across multiple locations, particularly the issue of damaged\nshelters, with participants complaining that households could not afford to repair damage that had occurred in past conflict.\n\n\n12 Unpublished situational reports on legal government context by a HLP partner.\n13 WFP, Afghanistan Food Security Update Round 10 June 2022, July 2022.\n14 NRC, Private renters facing risk of eviction: NRC assessment on threat of eviction in households privately renting their homes, October\n2022.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KI interviews", - "confidence": 0.9096451997756958, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8827581405639648, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5496980547904968, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "undocumented returnee populations", - "confidence": 0.8542397022247314, - "start": 465, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NRC assessment", - "confidence": 0.5801053643226624, - "start": 613, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NRC", - "confidence": 0.515548825263977, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9145020842552185, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6364843845367432, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5533703565597534, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\nAccess to services remained challenging across the country throughout the quarter, specifically for women, among whom 54%\nsay they were not able to access services [15] . 34% of women reported having been denied access to services (compared to 25%\nof men), showing gender discriminations when it comes to access to services, which could also be linked to restrictions\ncontinuing to affect women\u2019s movement and their access to service providers. According to both men and women KIIs, women\nheaded households were still among the most at risk of not accessing services. Fees and having to pay for services were\nmentioned as an additional barrier to access services, which was more likely to be mentioned by women KII.\n\n\nThe 23% of households interviewed reported being denied access to essential services- with the majority reported by IDPs\n(33%). Further analyses showed that females reported higher cases of denial by 39%.\n\n\n\nExisting services were generally denied in the\ncommunity due to documentation required to\naccess (34%) and discrimination (21%). Results\nfrom KII 14% faced discrimination and exclusion.\nMoreover, 14% reported the service was not\ninclusive (of gender, age, disability), 10% lacked\ndocumentation needed for services and 9% could\nnot access services for socio-cultural reasons,\nparticularly requirement for Mahram.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe result of KII survey indicates that the top eight\nservices to which households reported being\ndenied access are: Livelihood (10%), Health (9%),\nWater, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) (8%),\n\nSupport (PSS) (7%) and Food assistance (7%).\nHowever, it is worthy to note that ability to pay the fee for the service (41%) and ability to obtain transportation (20%) were\nalso recorded under the denial of services as a response. The economy is a major driving factor that prevents people accessing\nservices.\n\n\nThe result of the Household survey shows that 55 % of respondents reported that community members were unable to access\nexisting services compared to 45% in the previous quarter. The most affected groups among the community members based\non the KII data included: persons with disabilities (19%), elderly person headed households (10%), child headed households\n(9%), women at risk headed households (8%), children at risk headed household (7%), female headed household (women living\nwithout a husband) (7%), older person at risk headed household (7%) and person with life threatening health household (6%).\nThese findings are in line with those from focus group discussions where access issues were reported among 51% of FGD\nparticipants.\n\n\nLack of economic opportunity was still seen as one of the main safety issues, both for men and women, and economic\ndestitution as the main reason both women and men did not feel safe. For women this is linked to restrictions on their freedom\nof movement and women\u2019s inability to work under the new regime, including in the context of restrictions such as dress code\nand mahram requirements. Indeed 12% of women also mentioned that they could not move freely. The main reason cited for\n\n\n15 KII June- Sep 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KII survey", - "confidence": 0.9237489104270935, - "start": 265, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8673544526100159, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9943724870681763, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household survey", - "confidence": 0.9988934397697449, - "start": 381, - "end": 383 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9499350786209106, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community members", - "confidence": 0.8590155243873596, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KII data", - "confidence": 0.9984515905380249, - "start": 419, - "end": 421 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community members", - "confidence": 0.847865879535675, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9891230463981628, - "start": 513, - "end": 516 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7968647480010986, - "start": 627, - "end": 628 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FGD\nparticipants", - "confidence": 0.9659273624420166, - "start": 525, - "end": 527 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women not being able to circulate was socio-cultural barriers, while the second reason was discrimination. This shows gender\nspecific issues in movement, impacting women\u2019s safety and more broadly women\u2019s access to services.\n\n\nSporadic conflict related violence has continued leading to displacement following fighting between the _de facto_ authorities\nand other entities, such as in Panjshir province, the Anghandab district of Baghlan province as well as in Sar-e-Pul province.\nLikewise, de facto authorities continued threatened and actual forced eviction of people living in informal settlements both\non public and private land, in Kabul, Balkh, Herat and Zabul. Reports came from a number of different sites, both associated\nwith displaced populations living on them, and households affiliated with and living in shelters provided to them by the former\ngovernment. Movement restriction policies for women and girls continue to remain unchanged despite of the dialogs and\nadvocacy. As a result, female headed families have reported increasing social and cultural barriers that restrict their access to\nlivelihoods and access to basic services increasing their vulnerability.\n\n\nOverall, from January 2022 to the end of the third quarter, most of the respondents from the HHAs indicated that it is possible\nfor them to move freely (90%). However, the data from the third quarters shows that the percentage of women ang girls who\nindicate that they can move freely is slightly lower (88%) compared to male respondents (92%). This expression of ability move\nhas remained stable amongst the two different gender groups over the three quarters of the year. While freedom of\nmovement of women and girls are restricted due to mahram policy, such restriction is not well captured in protection\nmonitoring, possibly due to the perception of respondents.\n\n\n\nThe reasons cited by male and female\nrespondents for not being able to move\nfreely are broadly similar, although while\nsocio-cultural barriers feature as the top\nreason cited by female respondents the\nlink to debt related safety concerns are\nevident in the responses of male\nrespondents. It is notable, that lack of\ndocumentation is a reason impeding\nmovement cited by female respondents.\nWhile factors, denoted in above graph,\nare broadly evident amongst the\ndifferent population groups, lack of\ndocumentation is also cited as reason\naffecting movement by several of the\npopulation groups, including male\nrespondents.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhile the majority of persons do not have issues with freedom of movement, there is evidence that persons with specific\nprofiles may face a higher level of risk in Afghanistan, including in relation to freedom of movement. The above findings also\nlend support to the report of the UN Special Rapporteur for Afghanistan related to discrimination and the situation of women\nand girls. It is also the case that socio-cultural factors, which are likely to include the restrictions on women and girls are\nimpacting on freedom of movement.\n\n\nLike the findings from HHAs, data generated through KIIs confirms that through the first three quarters of 2022 persons do\nnot indicate a major problem with freedom of movement (78% of females and 93% of males indicate they can move freely)\nwithin the community. In addition, since the second quarter, where 63% of female respondents indicated that they could move\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HHAs", - "confidence": 0.7954143285751343, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6128925085067749, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7929929494857788, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nmonitoring", - "confidence": 0.9886139631271362, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8252100944519043, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5024946928024292, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "freely, there is a significant increase in the percentage of women\nindicating that they do not have a problem with movement. On\nthe other hand, male respondents have consistently reported a\nhigh ability to move freely over the three quarters of 2022. The\nfactors cited as contributing to difficulties with freedom of\nmovement are also similar to the reasons mentioned during\nHHAs by both male and female respondents, although based on\na different hierarchy. The reasons are also broadly the same\nbetween male and female KIIs amongst different status groups.\n\n\n21% of women were worried about threats of eviction according\nto the data (for 13% of men). This seems to be one of women\u2019s\nkey concerns and shows the need to add a gender lens to all\nanalyses looking at evictions. Women are indeed more likely to\nbe impacted by evictions. Due to the restrictions in place and the\nsocio-cultural context, they are less likely to have economic\nsupport in place and to find solutions to such threats. This\napplies particularly to women headed households who are\noverwhelmingly represented in informal settlements.\nConversely, economic hardship was the main reason for IDP\nwomen who wanted to return to their place of origin (33.5% of\nwomen for 18% men), showing the impact of the dire economic\nsituation on women.\n\n###### **RISK 3 Psychological and inflicted distress**\n\n\n\n_Key words generated through FGDs shed light on why women_\n_and girls, in FGDs, expressed a limitation on freedom of_\n_movement_\n\n\n\nThe protracted war, economic crises and mental health problems affect most households. The risk of multiple displacements\ndue to extreme climate change compounded by economic uncertainties and loss of livelihood to fend for the needs of children\nare risks that families are contending with. Over 11 out of 34 provinces have severity scale 4 (Critical) falling above 40% for\nAngry, Aggressive/Violent behaviour and pessimistic view for the future. The provinces with high prevalence are Paktya (71%),\nHelmand (69%), Nangarhar (48%), Parwan (46%) and Sar-e-pul at 45% indicating an increase in mental health factors of the\npopulation. [16]\n\n\nMore households are at risk of not satisfying the basic services and security, and the community and family support systems\nare weakened. Due to the ongoing emergency, children and families have borne immense psychological distress experienced\nby 39% of family members (32% in Q2) caused by lack of employment at 19%, conflict at 12%, and denial of resources at 6%.\nMost of the household heads are single males with no source of livelihood. There are close to 5% of households headed by\nchildren including children who are at risk while 14% of households have children at risk. In view of the already perilous\ncircumstances, psychological distress has further exacerbated the protection risks faced by the civilian population.\nPsychological distress exhibited through violence/aggression by male caregivers, self-withdrawal, and self-harm that require\nattention.\n\n###### **RISK 4 Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance**\n\n\nConflicts over the past 4 decades have left behind vast areas contaminated by explosive ordnance that have negatively\nimpacted the lives of civilians; however, the picture of the contamination remains unclear. The political change in the country\nfollowing 15 August 2021 has provided new access opportunities for mine action partners. Children were the major population\ngroup affected by explosive ordnance in the reporting period, accounting for 81%. The main reason being the weak economic\n\n\n16 WoAA Sep 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conditions of people, which forces them to explore negative coping mechanisms for their livelihood such as sending children\nto collect scrap metal or firewood, etc. In some cases, this results in loss of limbs or lives. Most of the incidents reported\nhappened in the areas that have witnessed increased levels of conflicts.\n\n\nThere are still 4,32817 hazardous areas in the country that are affecting at least 1,527 communities and posing a threat to\nvulnerable populations such as internally displaced persons, returnees, refugees, and conflict-affected non-displaced civilians.\nThe presence of explosive ordnance (EO) in Afghanistan, particularly improvised mines from armed clashes in the past 20 years\nand Explosive Remnants of War (ERW), continues to be a top humanitarian priority.\n\n\nDuring the reporting period a total of 99 km2 of newly contaminated area was identified and recorded in the national mine\naction database18. The mine action team have destroyed 3,783 items of explosive ordnance including but not limited to antipersonnel mines, anti-tank mines, cluster munitions, abandoned improvised mines, and explosive remnants of war.\n\n\nA total of 43 civilian casualties, 86 per cent of which being children, were recorded from July to Sep 2022 in the national mine\naction database, though systematic victim data collection remains disrupted. While explosive hazards kill and maim\nindiscriminately, children, particularly boys are at high risk of death or injuries from EO accidents in Afghanistan - 37 children\n(including 28 boys and 9 girls) were reported to have died or injured during the reporting period. ERW were the leading cause\nof civilian casualty accounting for 81% of the total civilian casualties followed by improvised mines which accounted for 14%.\nChildren are particularly vulnerable to becoming victims to ERW with the majority (71 %) of ERW casualties being children.\n\n\nThe results from WoAA show that 47% respondents in Hilmand Province, 46% in Kabul Province, 33% in Farah Province and\n10% in Paktika Province felt unsafe due to the threat of explosive ordnance. The Humanitarian Access Group (HAG) also\nrecognized the presence of mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) as one of the key access constraints for humanitarian\naccess. Provinces of top concern from the mine action perspective in terms of explosive ordnance contamination are Kandahar,\nHilmand, Uruzgan, Kunar, Farah, Baghlan, Logar, Ghazni, Maidan Wardak and Nangarhar.\n\n###### **RISK 5 Early and forced marriage**\n\n\nReports of people resorting to forced and early/child marriage were reported by 2% and 1% of the household survey\nrespondents respectively, with undocumented returnees and refugees more likely to resort to these coping mechanisms in\nDaykundi, Hilmand and Faryab provinces. Protection partners have informed that the issue is large, and underreporting may\nbe due to sampling error, or due to stigmatization, and reason highlighted during various consultation for early/forced\nmarriages were restrictions to girls\u2019 access to education, deteriorating economic conditions, severe food insecurity and\nmovement limitations for girls/women.\n\n\nAdditional reports have also shown that the current economic and food crises had the potential to increase the use of child\nmarriage as a coping mechanism. To cope with the lack of food, households have resorted to coping mechanisms which are\noften impacting women and girls disproportionately. These have ranged from women selling their assets to high-risk coping\nmechanisms such as child marriages, where cash strapped families unable to feed all their children resort to selling or marrying\noff their children, most often girls. [19] The negative coping mechanism adopted after exhausting almost all avenues for\nsustaining family needs include borrowing, child marriage highest in provinces of Hilmand 33%, Sar-e-pual 8% Farah 12% and\nBadgish 8%. This finding (2% of child marriage prevalence rate percentage) is not an accurate one and shows only the trend.\n\n\n17\nBased on the reports from Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA). The changes in the figures are due on-going\nnationwide mine action non-technical survey.\n18 Nationwide explosive contamination survey (Kandahar, Hilmand, Uruzgan and Kunduz)\n19 https://www.care-international.org/sites/default/files/2022[08/Afghanistan%20Food%20Security%20Report_advocacy%20brief_August%202022.pdf](https://www.care-international.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/Afghanistan%20Food%20Security%20Report_advocacy%20brief_August%202022.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national mine\naction database18", - "confidence": 0.5004368424415588, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "mine action team", - "confidence": 0.5732169151306152, - "start": 164, - "end": 167 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9230809807777405, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9540234804153442, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilian casualties", - "confidence": 0.7273432016372681, - "start": 204, - "end": 206 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WoAA", - "confidence": 0.668391227722168, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Hilmand Province", - "confidence": 0.897175669670105, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household survey\nrespondents", - "confidence": 0.6187167167663574, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6129006147384644, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information Management System for Mine Action", - "confidence": 0.6992840766906738, - "start": 723, - "end": 729 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "contamination survey", - "confidence": 0.9959414601325989, - "start": 750, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8916206955909729, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Kandahar, Hilmand, Uruzgan and Kunduz", - "confidence": 0.7980011701583862, - "start": 753, - "end": 760 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **RESPONSE**\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nAs of Sep 2022, **40 protection partners** are responding to the protection needs\nof over **4.6 million people** in need in Afghanistan. Among those 67% were women\nand girls. During the reporting period, protection partners **assisted over 100,000**\n**earthquake affected population** in the South-eastern part of the country. While\nMASC partners launched a Nationwide Explosive Contamination Survey and\ndeployed a large number of teams, the mine action response - particularly for the\nsurvey and the deployment of Quick Response Teams - remains critically\nunderfunded. An assessment has been conducted on Data Protection and Impact\nto strengthen the Child Protection and information management systems by\nCPAOR.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\nIn September, aid workers continued to operate in a\nvolatile environment often undergoing serious threats\nand risks with 31 instances of \u2018physical violence (attacks\nagainst humanitarian workers)\u2019, \u2018arrest/detention of\nhumanitarian workers\u2019, and \u2018threats against\nhumanitarian workers, assets and facilities\u2019 reported,\nresulting in the temporary closure of 3 programs, injury\nof 6, and detention of 13 staff. Furthermore, presence of\nIEDs and UXOs were found to be a potential threat to the\nlives of civilians across the region, particularly in Uruzgan\nand Hilmand provinces when insufficient financial\nresources are slowing IED clearance. New policy of MoU\nwith DFA, pressure to share the beneficiary list, pressure\nfrom DFA to be part of assessment were some of the\noperational challenges that not only affect\nimplementation but violate the protection principles\ntoo.\n**CRITICAL GAPS**\nOut of 40 implementing partners, only 30 have contributed for\nthe analysis of funding. PC partners have received over 72% of\nfund against requested $ 137 million. With the presence of\nchallenges particularly around access/MoU and restriction on\n\nintegration continues to be challenging and has created gaps in\n\ngap remains for safe identification and referral of persons with\nprotection concerns to non-protection services.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nationwide Explosive Contamination Survey", - "confidence": 0.813413143157959, - "start": 97, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.808236837387085, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MASC partners", - "confidence": 0.8136563897132874, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8606247901916504, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "earthquake affected population", - "confidence": 0.605353593826294, - "start": 79, - "end": 82 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gap remains", - "confidence": 0.72718346118927, - "start": 372, - "end": 374 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\nprotection concerns", - "confidence": 0.8561747074127197, - "start": 380, - "end": 384 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n**DE FACTO AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n - Ensure that women and girls have safe access to humanitarian assistance and are able to safely reach distribution points\nas well as WASH and Health facilities.\n\n - Ensure that women humanitarian workers are able to access women and girls in the field through providing a safe\nenvironment and enabling them to travel to field locations and reach affected women and girls.\n\n\n**RISK 2** **Unlawful Impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement and forced displacement/eviction**\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - The HC, HCT and humanitarian partners should urgently scale up engagement, advocacy and dialogue to prevent threat\nof and actual forced eviction, specifically in Bagdhis.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Prioritize and scale up support to humanitarian partners that implement multi-sectorial interventions including cash for\nrent to support vulnerable households and mitigate protection risks such as threat of eviction.\n\n\n**RISK 3** **Psychological and inflicted distress**\n\n\n**CLUSTERS and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Prioritize Paktya, Helmand, Nangarhar, Parwan and Sar-e-pul provinces for multisectoral intervention to support\nvulnerable households.\n\n\n**DE FACTO AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n - Ensure the presence of women staff in the field to engage with affected women and girls and enable their safe access to\nall services.\n\n - DfA must take steps to facilitate progress regarding the economic situation and receiving development assistance from\nother countries, which must include engaging in constructive dialogue with international interlocutors beyond the\nhumanitarian response.\n\n\n**RISK 4** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance**\n\n\n**DONORS AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Address funding gap of 20 million USD, at least 5 million USD before Mar 2023, for the Nationwide Explosive\nContamination Survey (NECS) to establish an accurate picture of the current contamination across Afghanistan, as well as\nQuick Response Teams (QRTs) to enable the immediate and emergency response to newly identified hazards.\n\n - Partners are encouraged to continue supporting clearance projects targeting abandoned improvised mines and explosive\nremnants of war, as well as to contribute funds to the humanitarian mine action coordination mechanism.\n\n\n**RISK 5** **Early and forced marriage**\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Advocate with the DfA to ensure women\u2019s safe access to humanitarian assistance, and the full participation of women\nhumanitarian workers in the response.\n\n\n**DONORS and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Continue strengthening the protection mainstreaming within sectors for quality response especially in addressing the\nextreme/negative coping strategies including forced and child marriages exacerbated by the economic crisis.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nationwide Explosive\nContamination Survey", - "confidence": 0.9933440685272217, - "start": 331, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5968482494354248, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "NECS", - "confidence": 0.9455045461654663, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9880019426345825, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9748724699020386, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable households", - "confidence": 0.6123270392417908, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Methodology**\nData from DRC, INTERSOS, IOM, IRC, NRC, Cordaid, AABRAR, DHSA/TKG and UNHCR (in partnership with WAW\nand ARAA) which include 9,243 (48% of female HH) Household-level Surveys, 2,431 Key Informants Interviews\n(56% female KI) and a significant number of Focus Group Discussions in 21 provinces/143 districts\u2014have been\nused for this report. However, the protection cluster continues to face challenges in analysing the FGD data.\nMoreover, data on human rights violations are not made available on a quarterly basis which leads to relying\non anecdotal data. Sensitivity around collecting data and requirement by authorities to accompany assessment\nlimiting partners\u2019 capacity to gather quality information. The analysis is guided by the Global Protection Cluster\nProtection Analysis Framework (PAF). Other sources of data that are referenced include OCHA Displacement\nTrends, Humanitarian Access Snapshot, UNHCR CFM (Complaints and Feedback Mechanism)\u2013 Analysis and\nHuman Rights in Afghanistan (UNAMA report).\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **[Matho Nianga Dore doren@unhcr.org](mailto:doren@unhcr.org)** and **Archuthan Amir**\n\n**[archuthan.amir@nrc.no](mailto:archuthan.amir@nrc.no)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD data", - "confidence": 0.815154492855072, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA Displacement\nTrends", - "confidence": 0.9884451627731323, - "start": 165, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8011772632598877, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Access Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.980801522731781, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7f2af2-bfa2-4030-8325-f1e5260105e2/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Analyis%20Update%20%28PAU%29%20%20November%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_237/raw/doc_237_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_237/raw/doc_237_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 29ab3c92108be3814e0681982c14d9ff48210ef2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_237/raw/doc_237_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,579 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Afghanistan\n\n# **AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n\n\n## Protection Monitoring Analysis Report: Access to Basic Services/Vulnerabilities\n#### **2023 | SUMMARY**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9949721097946167, - "start": 12, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Access to Basic Services/Vulnerabilities", - "confidence": 0.9069406390190125, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8742510080337524, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9989094734191895, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8919253349304199, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7595947980880737, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n###### **CORE ASSESSMENT DATA**\n\nProtection monitoring is crucial to understand better the protection needs and priorities of displaced, IDP and\nrefugee returnee and host communities, as well as to inform evidence-based programming, strategic decision\nmaking and advocacy.\n\n\n\nFrom 1 January to 31 December 2023, UNHCR and its partners ARAA,\nWADAN, WAW and WSTA conducted 77,825 household-level assessments,\n3,961 key informant interviews and 3,145 focus group discussions in 342 (out\nof 401) districts in all 34 provinces to identify families in need of assistance.\n\n\n##### **77,825**\n\n**Assessments**\n\n\n\nUNHCR relies on its two main household assessment tools to gather a comprehensive dataset: the Rapid\nHousehold Assessment Form (RHAF) \u2013 designed to assess the eligibility of the most vulnerable households\nfor assistance purposes - as well as UNHCR\u2019s Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) tools. CBPM\nprovides more in-depth protection information and data on key thematic areas and directly feeds into the\nAfghanistan Protection Cluster\u2019s protection analysis, and information products available on Afghanistan\nGlobal Protection Cluster. Detailed analysis based on the findings extracted from these household-level multisectoral assessments is summarized in each section of this report and complemented by the feedback\nobtained through CBPM key informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). UNHCR used a\ngenerative AI tool (Quid) to facilitate the processing and analysis of qualitative FGD data.\n\n###### **DISCLAIMER**\n\nFindings presented in this report are indicative as assessments were conducted based on sampling or random\nselection (in the case of border monitoring interviews). At the same time, assessments covering 582,960\nindividuals/ 77,825 households across Afghanistan, present valuable information regarding the protection and\nhumanitarian situation in the country and the needs of the displaced, returnees and host communities whom\nUNHCR serves.\n\n\nLimitations exist when conducting in-depth protection assessments in the context of the extremely diminished\nprotection environment of Afghanistan. Due to wide-spread fears and uncertainty among the communities as\nwell as the close observation of protection-related activities by the de-facto authorities, some of the topics\nexplored (including freedom of movement, safety and security, dispute resolution or interference in assistance\nprovision) are perceived as highly sensitive. While the data obtained can provide indications on the prevalence\nof certain issues within a community, it may not allow for a conclusive appraisal of the scope of the protection\nrisk.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9146749973297119, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9680995941162109, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9582516551017761, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9884365797042847, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5348866581916809, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid\nHousehold Assessment Form", - "confidence": 0.9886835217475891, - "start": 161, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RHAF", - "confidence": 0.9686424136161804, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5353014469146729, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9201968908309937, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable households", - "confidence": 0.5368150472640991, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community-Based Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7051043510437012, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CBPM", - "confidence": 0.7696982622146606, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9726879596710205, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable households", - "confidence": 0.71280437707901, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "border monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.9116629362106323, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7606343030929565, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7991015315055847, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.981240451335907, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n###### **KEY FINDINGS**\n\n**HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITIES**\n\n- According to the surveyed household, 68% of heads of households in the host community indicated having\none or more vulnerabilities. Notably, female-headed households, with additional vulnerabilities, comprised\n20.3% of the host community and 20.4% of refugees and asylum-seekers. Male heads of households\nreported higher incidences of disabilities (11.3%) compared to female heads of households, who reported\na 6.6% incidence of disabilities.\n\n\n**Household vulnerabilities**\n\n\n- A total of 46% of the heads of households responded that they or their family members have experienced\nfeelings of stress that affect their day-to-day life (such as sleep or physical symptoms). These are even\nmore pronounced among refugee returnees (61%). Lack of employment is the most prevalent case of\nstress, especially among IDPs, affecting 84.4% of the group. Other stressors include food insecurity,\nphysical health problems and the unavailability of or lack of access to services. This aligns with other\nfindings of the report, highlighting the impact of the dire economic situation and scarcity of services on\nthe mental health of communities.\n\n- Overall, 27% of all heads of households surveyed indicated that they have noticed such negative changes\nin the behaviour of other household members in the last three months. This was even more pronounced\namong refugees and asylum-seekers (44%) and refugee returnees (40%).\n\n- Drug dependence is extremely high among refugees and asylum-seekers at 64.1%, indicating a critical area\nfor intervention. This concern is notably low across other groups.\n\n- High rates of school dropouts are noted, particularly among IDPs and refugee and asylum seekers,\naffecting over 35% in both groups, highlighting a significant educational gap.\n\n- Life-threatening health issues are most concerning for refugee returnees at 35.8%, in stark contrast to\nonly 2.9% among refugee and asylum-seekers, showing gaps in health services accessibility.\n\n- Vulnerability among household members indicates disabilities (8.5% for female- and 6.7% for male-headed\nhouseholds) and women at risk (13.8% and 10.8%, respectively), and persons with specific legal protection\nneeds (3.4% for females and 1.4% for male-headed households).\n\n- Children at risk are more frequently reported in households with females (21.1%) than males (14.6%).\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.989894688129425, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7190025448799133, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.941623330116272, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9817807674407959, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "heads of households", - "confidence": 0.8672261238098145, - "start": 47, - "end": 50 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9652416110038757, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "heads of households", - "confidence": 0.598175048828125, - "start": 257, - "end": 260 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**CIVIL DOCUMENTATION**\n\n- According to interviews conducted through\n\n**Lack of documentation**\n\nCommunity-Based Protection Monitoring\n(CBPM), 86% of households reported a lack\n\n- There is a significant increase in households\n\nreporting at least one member without legal\n\nfrom the 37% recorded in 2022, which can\nbe mainly attributed to systemic challenges\nin acquiring legal documentation following\nthe de facto authorities takeover in 2021\nand the subsequent deterioration of the\neconomic situation in Afghanistan.\n\n- The gap is most pronounced among women and girls, who continue to face considerable obstacles in\nobtaining essential documents. These barriers include the cost of related administrative fees, the absence\nof mahrams to accompany them, traveling long distances to reach civil registration centers and cultural\nnorms that discourage women from seeking legal documentation. Refugees and asylum-seekers are\namong the most affected groups lacking civil documentation.\n\n\n\n**Lack of documentation**\n\n\n\nRefugee & Asylum Seekers\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugee Returnee\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP Returnee\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP Returnee\n\n\n\n\n\nHost Community\n\n\n\n\n\n**Lack of documentation impact**\n\n\nUnable to access basic services\n\n\n\n\n\nLack of access to education\n\n\nUnable to access assistance\n(humanitarian/governmental)\n\n\nUnable to move freely\n\n\nOther\n\n\nPoverty ownership disputes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Most respondents indicated that the primary consequence of lacking documentation was the inability to\naccess basic services. Challenges in accessing education and assistance and in enjoying a freedom of\nmovement were also highlighted.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9780128598213196, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6883018612861633, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "CBPM", - "confidence": 0.6348763704299927, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9893029928207397, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9927484393119812, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.960792601108551, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9172903895378113, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**ACCESS TO ASSISTANCE**\n\n- Some 88% of households surveyed have not receiving any assistance.\n\n- Food was highlighted as a priority need, alongside clothing and non-food items (NFIs). Accordingly, costs\nfor food, health and clothing also remain the largest expenditure. Some needs vary across population\ngroups, reflecting the specific circumstances. For instance, rental costs do not feature as key need or\nexpenditure for other population groups with the exception of IDPs.\n\n- Women and girls are consistently identified as the household members facing the biggest challenges in\naccessing several types of services. This underlines the dramatic impact of the systemic discrimination of\nwomen and girls in all areas and the need to analyze and respond to gender-specific access barriers.\n\n\n**Access to Services per Population Status**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP returnees Host community IDPs Refugee returnee Refugee & asylum seekers\n\n\nAccess to safe drinking water Access to toilet Access to MHPSS Access to healthcare Access to food assistance\n\n\n**COPING MECHANISMS**\n\n- Most families are either unemployed or lack formal education and rely on daily labour. Income generated\nis usually spent on basic needs and debt repayment. The lack of economic opportunities, entrenched\npoverty alongside repeated and protracted displacement and the shrinking protection space have\ndetrimentally impacted the resilience of affected communities.\n\n- Many families resort to harmful coping mechanisms, with severe implications that especially impact\nwomen and children: most families had to borrow money (88%), sell assets, skip or reduce meal sizes, delay\nseeking medical attention or send their children to work. The data reaffirms the high socio-economic\nvulnerability of all communities in Afghanistan and their limited capacity to prevent and respond to threats.\n\n- Alarmingly, community members resort to a variety of harmful coping mechanisms that imply serious child\nprotection risks, such as sending children to work instead of school, including in neighbouring countries,\nengaging them in begging or hazardous work and early or forced marriage.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**ACCESS TO SHELTER, NFIs, WASH, ENERGY & HEALTH ASSISTANCE**\n\n- Survey findings among households across all population groups indicate that more than half face issues\nwith insulation or heating, especially refugees and asylum-seekers (59.5%). Women are slightly more\naffected (54%) than men (51.9%). Access to water for drinking, cooking, and bathing is lowest in the host\ncommunity at 74.9%, with moderate access for IDPs and IDP returnees (85.9% to 86.2%).\n\n- High numbers of refugees and asylum seekers report lacking electricity, (81.1%), compared with just 47.6%\nof IDPs Refugees and asylum seekers face the highest financial barriers in accessing medicines at 88.2%,\nwhile the cost of care or treatment is most burdensome for IDP returnees at 74.2%.\n\n\n**Access to Services**\n\n\n\nAccess to healthcare\n\n\nAccess to toilet\n\n\nAccess to safe drinking water\n\n\nAccess to MHPSS\n\n\nReceiving food\n\n\n**HOUSING, LAND & PROPERTY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Top reported problems related to**\n**housing, land or property**\n\n\nNo issues\n\n\n\n71%\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n- Around 30% of the community members face\nhousing, land and property (HLP) issues, the\nmost prevalent concerns identified being rental\ndisputes, threats of eviction, inheritance issues,\nand ownership or boundary disputes. IDPs\nexperience significantly greater problems related\nto their rental accommodation, facing threats of\neviction, pointing to their precarious living\nsituation and heightened vulnerability.\n\n- Female respondents were generally more\nconcerned about rental disputes than male\nrespondents, highlighting the increased\neconomic vulnerability of women as well as the\ndifficulties they face in asserting their rights.\nReturnees from Pakistan reported housing and\naccommodation as their most urgent priority.\n\n\n\nRent dispute\n\n\nThreat of eviction\n\n\nInheritance issues\n\n\nOwnership dispute\n\n\nBoundary disputes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9511367678642273, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5441418886184692, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9621882438659668, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9787267446517944, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9113813042640686, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n\n**DISPUTE RESOLUTION**\n\n- Community members report turning to various\ninformal mechanisms for dispute resolution,\nrelying primarily on the support of elders,\nshuras or jirgas, mullahs and other religious\nleaders as well as family members and\nrelatives. While preferences vary across\ngenders and population groups, significant\nbarriers faced by women in accessing law\nenforcement and justice mechanisms leave\nthem with informal dispute resolution\nmechanisms as the sole avenue to address\ngrievances and legal complaints. The lack of\nfemale representation in informal dispute\nresolution mechanisms was identified as one\nof the key shortcomings of the system.\nCommunity members also pointed to cultural\nbarriers, discrimination, and lack of trust as\nother reasons for their dissatisfaction.\n\n\n**SAFETY**\n\n\n\n**Reasons for dissatisfaction with**\n**Dispute Resolution Mechanisms**\n\n\n\nDiscrimination\n\n\nLack of female\nrepresentation\n\n\nNot full trust\n\n\nCultural barriers\n\n\nHigh fees\n\n\nReligious representation\n\n\nNot comfortable with\nremedies\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\nMale\n\nFemale\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Community members stressed that a considerable number of women, girls, boys and men do not feel safe\nwithin their communities due to debt-related harassment (which may involve different abusive, coercive\nor intimidating tactics to pressure for repayment of debts) and community tensions. At a lower level,\ncommunity members also reported on other forms of harassment or intimidation and criminality (including\ntheft and extortion).\n\n\n**FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT**\n\n\n\n\n- Women and girls face significant restrictions to their\nfreedom of movement. 40% of households confirmed\nthat there are places in the community where women\nand girls cannot go. The main reasons are mahram\nrequirements, discrimination, and lack of civil\ndocumentation, with the latter underlining the severe\nimpact of women and girls\u2019 limited access to civil\ndocumentation on their daily lives.\n\n- Asylum-seekers and refugees have reported\nsignificantly higher movement restrictions than other\npopulation groups the main reasons being the lack of\ndocumentation, safety concerns as well as mahram\nrequirements for women. Refugee returnees more\noften identified fears for their personal safety and\nsecurity among the key reasons restricting the\nmovement of men, women, boys and girls.\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n**Can you move freely in your area**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP IDP returnee Host\nCommunity\n\n\nYes No\n\n\n\nRefugee\nreturnee\n\n\n\nRefugee &\nAsylum\nseekers\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**MINES & OTHER EXPLOSIVE ORDINANCES**\n\n\n\n\n- Only 4% of community members were\naware of mines and other explosives in\nand around their area. In 74% of cases,\nthe areas were not marked. IDPs had\nsignificantly better knowledge about\nreporting mechanisms than other\npopulation groups. Mines and other\nexplosives prevent affected\ncommunities from grazing their animals,\nplaying safely, working on agricultural\nland, collecting water, as well as from\naccessing services and schools.\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT & DURABLE SOLUTIONS**\n\n\n\n**Are there mines or other explosives in and**\n**around your area**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP IDP returnee Host\nCommunity\n\n\n\nRefugee\nreturnee\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugee &\nAsylum\nseekers\n\n\n\nYes No Don't know\n\n\n\n\n- While limited, new displacements\n\n**Length of latest displacement**\n\ncontinue to be observed. While armed\nconflict has been identified as the key\n\ninterviewed, those who have been\ndisplaced within the last 4-12 months\ncite natural disasters as the main cause\nof displacement. Community members\nalso emphasized the increasing impact\nof climate change, identifying drought\n\ncrucial contributing factors to\n\nonward movement of community\nmembers to neighbouring countries.\n\n- 71% of IDPs expressed their intention to remain and integrate into their current locations. Only 13% of\nrespondents indicated the wish to move onwards or return to their places of origin. This preference was\nmore pronounced among female respondents.\n\n- Poverty and economic hardship, security concerns and lack of humanitarian assistance are the key drivers\nfor onward movement and return. At the same time, improved access to livelihood opportunities and\nsafety are among the main reasons facilitating IDP integration, alongside social factors such as the\npresence of family and relatives. Gendered analysis of the data highlights female respondents putting even\nmore weight on their economic situation as well as family and community networks and access to services\nas key drivers for their onward movement and return and reintegration.\n\n\n\n**Length of latest displacement**\n\n\n\n1 year to 5 years\n\n\n\n68%\n\n\n\n6 months to 1 year\n\n\n\n\n\nOver 5 years\n\n\n\n\n\n3 to 6 months\n\n\n\n\n\nLess 3 months\n\n\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.6148951649665833, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6654765009880066, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n\n**Reasons for displacement**\n\n\nSecurity concerns (armed\nconflict)\n\n\n\n**Reasons for intending to return or**\n**move onward**\n\n\n\n67%\n\n\n\nEconomic hardship\n\n\nJoining family and/or community\nnetwork\n\n\nSecurity concerns (armed\nconflict)\n\n\nLack of humanitarian assistance\n\n\nChildren's education\n\n\nThreats to myself/family\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural disasters\n\n\nVulnerable migration\n\n\nOther\n\n\nCommunal tension\n\n\nHousehold security\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n78%\n\n\n\n**PAKISTAN RETURNS EMERGENCY**\n\n- Between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023, a total of 75,948 Afghan refugees and persons in\nrefugee-like situations returned to Afghanistan. The vast majority (75,324) returned from Pakistan, of\nwhich 79% or 59,836 individuals returned between during November and December 2023 following the\nimplementation of the Government of Pakistan\u2019s \u201cIllegal Foreigners Repatriation Plan\u201d (IFRP).\n\n- Between 1 January \u2013 31 December 2023, there were 3,286 returnee monitoring interviews (2,047 males\nand 1,239 females) conducted with randomly selected newly arrived returnees at Kabul, Kandahar,\nJalalabad, and Herat Encashment Centres (ECs). These interviews included 3,025 returnees from Pakistan,\n223 from Iran, and 38 with from other countries, of these some 1,746 interviews were conducted in the\nlast four months of 2023, of which 1,675 interviews were conducted with returnees from Pakistan.\n\n- The reasons influencing returns identified by refugee returnees from Pakistan have significantly changed\nin the lead-up to the announcement and implementation of the GOP\u2019s IFRP. In the beginning of 2023 until\nearly September, socio-economic challenges (high cost of living, inflation, limited job opportunities), as\nwell as protection concerns in Pakistan influenced refugees\u2019 decision to return to Afghanistan. Since\nSeptember 2023, returnees increasingly pointed to fears of arrest and deportation as well as abuse by\npolice and state authorities as important drivers for return alongside discrimination by local host\ncommunities, night raids, and the limited protection value of their Proof of Registration (PoR) cards.\n\n- Returnees also reported numerous challenges prior to crossing the border to Afghanistan as well as at the\nborder points, including harassment, waiting long hours and overcrowding at the border, lengthy customs\nprocedures and search of luggage as well as detention.\n\n- Returnees expressed their concerns about the lack of shelter, livelihoods, access to land, documentation,\nwater and sanitation, education, child protection, support for women and girls, and health care services\nincluding MHPSS in return areas as well as difficulties in meeting their basic needs such as food and access\nto transportation. Considering the lack of adequate infrastructure and resources and already deteriorated\nservices, returnees face serious challenges to address their basic needs. In addition, reports of human\nrights violations were recorded.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9869425296783447, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7958242297172546, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8782874941825867, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9932578802108765, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6464291214942932, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Illegal Foreigners Repatriation Plan", - "confidence": 0.7258416414260864, - "start": 162, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.5118265151977539, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7468595504760742, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8491292595863342, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**Reasons of Return from Pakistan - 2023**\n\n\n\nHigh costs of living/ high rent\n\n\nNo employment opportunities\n\n\nFear of arrest and/or deportation\n\n\nStrict border entry requirements\n\n\nAbuse by police or state authorities\n\n\nUncertainty related to the PoR cards extension\n\n\nNo added protection value of PoR card\n\n\nNight raids\n\n\nEviction notice by landlord, police, army\n\n\nUndocumented family members facing issues/troubles\n\n\nDiscrimination by local community\n\n\nSeasonal weather conditions\n\n\n**HERAT EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY**\n\n\n\n96%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHouse Condition\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- The earthquake in Herat directly impacted\n3,060 households, with 69% male heads of\nhousehold and 31% female heads of household.\nZindajan district had the highest number of\nassessments, predominantly with male-headed\nhouseholds.\n\n- A significant portion of the affected population\nduring the earthquake reported damage to their\nhomes. 61.9% of males and 58.5% of females\nreported their houses were partially damaged,\nwhile 27.6% of males and 33.9% of females\nreported severe damage.\n\n- The earthquake had significant psychological\neffects. 64.8% of males and 79.7% of females\nreported experiencing upsetting symptoms like\nexcessive sadness, changes in appetite or sleep\npatterns, and anxiety.\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nCash\n\n\nPermanent Shelter\n\n\nSeasonal support CBI\n(winterization)\n\n\nTemporary shelter\n\n\n\nFemale\n\n\nMale\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGood condition Partially damaged Severely damaged\n\n\nTop five priority needs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n56%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n###### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n**CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES**\n\n- Consider the diverse needs, challenges in accessing services and assistance and protection risks of\ndifferent population groups to ensure programming is relevant to the identified community. The data\nsuggests the need to place increased focus on those newly returned from Pakistan.\n\n- Address movement restrictions for women and girls, considering different modalities of service provision\nand engagement that facilitate access to assistance and information and participation.\n\n- Ensure close monitoring and oversight of activity implementation as well as continued advocacy with the\nde-facto authorities to prevent and respond to diversion of assistance from intended recipients.\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n- Provide targeted assistance and services to women and girls and persons with heightened vulnerabilities,\nincluding persons with disabilities and legal protection needs, such as persons without legal documentation\nor persons at risk due to their specific profile. Strengthen relevant protection programs to provide safe\nspaces, counselling and access to comprehensive services, ensuring that access barriers are addressed.\n\n- Improve awareness about and access to MHPSS services for all population groups, addressing societal\nstigmas and heightened needs among the communities.\n\n- Support vulnerable families through comprehensive programming interventions, aiming to prevent and\nreverse the adoption of harmful coping mechanisms through integrated child protection, livelihoods and\ncommunity engagement interventions.\n\n- Increase awareness amongst communities on the importance of civil documentation and address gender\ndisparities in access to documentation through targeted programming and advocacy. Ensure that legal \u2013\nincluding Housing Land and Property (HLP) - interventions integrate the specific needs of all population\ngroups.\n\n- Strengthen access to formal dispute resolution mechanisms and processes for women and girls through\ncoordination and advocacy with relevant stakeholders and legal partners.\n\n- In coordination with relevant protection partners and Clusters, strengthen reporting mechanisms, referrals\nsystems and protection case management programs to support individuals who have experienced any\nforms of exploitation, abuse and other protection risks.\n\n- Ensure continued focus on mine risk education and awareness about reporting channels across all\ncommunities. Consider a broad variety of factors supporting return and reintegration as well as onward\nmovement of displaced communities to ensure sustainable programming. Greater focus should be put on\nthe impact of climate change as well as the specific protection and assistance needs of new returnees from\nPakistan.\n\n- Strengthen protection mainstreaming across all sectors, with a particular focus on prioritizing safety and\ndignity, securing meaningful access as well as ensuring participation and empowerment of the community\nand accountability. This is key to address access barriers that have been identified across all areas of\nprogramming.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Monitoring Analysis Report**\n### Afghanistan\nAccess to Basic services/Vulnerabilities 2023\n\n\n**SHELTER, WASH, ENERGY & HEALTH**\n\n- Improve insulation and heating for all households, focusing on refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees, IDPs\nand female-headed households through the distribution of NFIs and the targeted implementation of\nprogrammes providing extra winter support.\n\n- Enhance access to potable water in host communities and repair and upgrade existing communal water\nsupply infrastructures, especially natural springs, and adding water pipelines where feasible.\n\n- Improve the electricity supply for refugees and asylum-seekers, IDPs and returnees most impacted by\nelectricity shortages by investing in sustainable energy solutions like solar panels. Upgrade the water\nsupply system with solarized boreholes.\n\n- Promote income generation through social cohesion initiatives that leverage the specific skills of artisans\nand the workforce.\n\n- Address financial barriers to accessing medicines and healthcare, especially for refugees, asylum-seekers,\nand returnees.\n\n\n\nFor more information please visit the [Afghanistan Operational Data Portal page.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4492cfd4-f000-4855-8183-b0650bd23086/Afghanistan%20Protection%20Monitoring%202023%20summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_238/raw/doc_238_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_238/raw/doc_238_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0acd71139dd8994ea18b6752a51bd4889dd7a04d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_238/raw/doc_238_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Men and boys are more likely to flee to neighbouring** **countries**\n\nAn estimated 55 per cent of refugees that arrived in Iran and Pakistan from Afghanistan in 2021 and 2022 were men and boys,\na disproportionate share considering men and boys make up 51 [ 2] per cent of the total Afghan population **(figure 1)** . The bulk of\nthese refugees (55 per cent of those arriving in Pakistan and 43 per cent of those arriving in Iran) moved as households [3] with\ntwo or more adults and children, although in many instances, single [4] women and single men also moved across the border.\nWomen were more likely than men to take children with them when fleeing (46 per cent of women who fled to Pakistan without\na partner brought children along, compared to 10 per cent of men while these figures for refugees who fled to Iran were 37\nper cent and 7 per cent, respectively) **(infographic 1)** . These differences in household composition often result in increased\nchallenges for women to access sufficient income, food and other resources to sustain their families.\n\n\n###### **FIGURE 1**\n\n\n###### **INFOGRAPHIC 1**\n\n\n\n**Proportion of women, men, girls and boys among** **Who fled with children?**\n**arrivals in Iran and Pakistan, December 2022**\n\n\n## **37%**\n\n**women**\n\n## **7%**\n\n**men**\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\n\nGirls\n\n\n## **46%**\n\n**women**\n\n## **10%**\n\n**men**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n### **Women are more likely than men to cite causes of** **displacement other than armed conflict**\n\nAn 88 per cent of Afghans who remained internally displaced in 2022 cited armed conflict as the key reason for their\ndisplacement. Despite the de-escalation of the armed conflict since August 2021, the situation in Afghanistan continues to claim\nnumerous lives, and the country and its neighbours remain among the world\u2019s most affected by terrorism. [5] According to Armed\nConflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), [6] there were 4,014 fatalities in Afghanistan during 2022, among which 2,416 were\n\n\n2. World Population Prospects 2022 (population.un.org/wpp)\n\n\n3. According to UNHCR, a household is defined as a group of persons who share the same living accommodation/shelter and food. The household may share sources of income with others, but\nmake independent expenditure decisions (indicating they are an independent household). The household has separate and independent forms of accommodation (which could be as small as a\nroom in a shared house) and have a separate food budget.\n\n\n4. Single women and single men refers to households in which only one adult was present, regardless of their marital status.\n\n\n5. In 2023, Afghanistan was ranked as the country most affected by terrorism for the fourth consecutive year, according to the Global Terrorism Index.\n\n\n\n6. See: accledata.com (accessed on 17 April 2023)\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "caused by battles, 839 by explosions/remote violence [7], 728 by violence against civilians, 24 by riots and a handful by protests.\nFurthermore, there are an increasing number of accounts of the Taliban\u2019s repression and violence, especially towards women.\nAs a result, among those who fled without a partner, women have been more likely than men to cite reasons for displacement\nother than conflict, such as natural and human-made disasters, violence, violations of human rights and forced evictions\n**(figure 2)** .\n\n###### **FIGURE 2**\n\n\n**Proportion of people who cited reasons for internal forcible displacement other than armed conflict,**\n**by type of household**\n\n\n6%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nForced evictions/\ndisplacements\n\n\n\nNatural or humanmade disasters\n\n\n\nGeneralized\nviolence\n\n\n\nViolations of\nhuman rights\n\n\n\nOthers\n\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\nNote: The graph showcases proportions of double adult households, single men households, and single women households, respectively, that chose each of the key reasons. In absolute figures,\nthe total number of double adult households was larger for all categories.\n\n\nDouble adult households make up the bulk of the internally displaced population in Afghanistan, but the likelihood of citing\nreasons other than armed conflict was higher among households without men. For instance, women fleeing without a male\npartner were likely to cite forced evictions as a key reason. Fleeing with children reduced slightly the likelihood of experiencing\nforced evictions **(figure 3)**, both for women and for men. Ethnicity data are not available for disaggregation, but accounts\nfrom the ground indicate that ethnic minorities may have been targeted for forced eviction, including for the purposes of\nredistributing land among regime supporters. [8]\n\n\n7. ACLED classifies Explosions/Remote violence events as asymmetric violent events aimed at creating asymmetrical conflict dynamics by preventing the target from responding. A variety of tactics\nare considered Explosions/Remote violence including bombs, grenades, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), artillery fire or shelling, missile attacks, heavy machine gun fire, air or drone strikes,\nchemical weapons, and suicide bombings.\n\n\n8. See: hrw.org/news/2021/10/22/afghanistan-taliban-forcibly-evict-minority-shia\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 3**\n\n**Proportion of internally displaced population fleeing as a result of forced eviction, by type of household**\n\n\n\nwith children\n\n\nwithout children\n\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n##### **2% 1% 1%** **3% 3% 2%**\n\n\n\nNote: The graph showcases proportions of adult households, single men households, and single women households, respectively, that chose forced eviction as a key reason for their displacement.\nIn absolute figures, the total number of double adult households was larger.\n\n### **Women remain in internal forcible displacement longer** **than men, especially those that flee with children but** **without a partner**\n\n\nMost internally displaced people remain in displacement for years. An estimated 55 per cent of women who fled without\nadult partners but who took their children with them indicated that they had been in displacement from one to five years,\ncompared to 49 per cent of men in the same situation and 38 per cent of single adults without children **(figure 4)** .\n\n\nSingle adult women overall were also more likely than single men to remain in displacement for more than five years.\nBesides key challenges associated with maintaining livelihoods in displacement settings and reintegration in host\ncommunities, displaced people also face additional challenges such as heightened risk of gender-based violence. Despite\nthis, lack of access to basic services, particularly access to health, education and other critical services in their places of\norigin still prevent many from returning, especially women and men with children, who were overall more likely to remain\nin displacement longer than childless adults. The recent bans on women humanitarian workers, may further exacerbate\nbarriers to access basic services for displaced populations.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 4**\n\n**Average length of displacement, by household composition**\n\n\n\nOver 5 years\n\n\n1 to 5 years\n\n\n6 months\nto 1 year\n\n\n3 to 6\nmonths\n\n\nLess than\n3 months\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||
~~**4% 2%**~~|
~~**3% 2%**~~|
~~**4% 4%**~~|\n||
~~**55% 38%**~~|
~~**49% 54%**~~|
~~**49% 39%**~~|\n||
~~**23% 30%**~~|
~~**27% 18%**~~|
~~**27% 25%**~~|\n||
~~**9% 11%**~~|~~**11% 9%**~~|
~~**11% 9%**~~|\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\n\nwith children without children\n\n### **Food and health care assistance are key priorities for** **internally displaced people. Women with children also** **prioritize income-generating assets for small businesses**\n\n\nCovering basic needs remains a key priority for the Afghan population in displacement. A total of 88 per cent of them selected\nfood as a priority area for assistance, followed by health care (45 per cent). They also prioritized clothing or non-food items\n(39 per cent of people) and fuel (24 per cent of people) **(figure 5)** . Gender differences in needs are apparent across some\ncategories. While single women, especially those living with children, are more likely than men to prioritize rent, single men\nwith children are more likely to prioritize education. Single women with children are more likely than their male counterparts\nto prioritize income generating activities such as productive assets for small businesses (8 per cent of women compared to 4\nper cent of men). As women in displacement are more likely than men to take children with them, income generating activities\ncan represent a lifeline for themselves and their families, especially if they lack access to subsidies, credit, land or other\ncollateral for loans. Single men with children, in turn, are more likely to prioritize agricultural inputs, such as fertilizer, tools and\nseeds, as income generating choices (4 per cent of men compared to 2 per cent of women).\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 5**\n\n**Proportion of people who prioritized selected forms of support, by type of household**\n\n\nFood\n\n\nHealthcare\n\n\nClothing or non-food items\n\n\nFuel\n\n\nRent\n\n\nShelter\n\n\nDisplacement costs\n(smuggler, transport)\n\n\nProductive assets (for small\nbusiness/income-generating)\n\n\nEnergy\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nWater\n\n\nEmployment\n\n\nAgricultural inputs\n(fertilizer, tools, seeds)\n\n\nFodder or veterinary services\n\n\n0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Most internally displaced people, especially women, are** **uneducated, which limits their resilience**\n\nNine out of ten women who fled their homes without a partner have no formal education, compared to 60 per cent of single\nmen and 80 per cent of double adult households **(figure 6)** . Single men are overall more likely than single women to have\ncompleted primary, secondary and even tertiary education. Even attending Madrassa [ 7] instead of regular schooling is more\ncommon among men than women. Education, including pre-primary and primary schooling, plays a crucial role in enhancing\npeople\u2019s basic health, agency, access to information and income generating opportunities later in life. When displaced parents,\nguardians or other household leads were asked about the main topics they would like to learn more about, many selected how\nchildren could attend school. A look at the number of girls and boys in the households that selected this option indicates that\nthere are more girls than boys in the households where parents or guardians would like to have more information on how their\nchildren can attend school **(infographic 2)** .\n\n###### **FIGURE 6**\n\n\n**Educational attainment among heads of internally displaced households, by type of household**\n\n\nPostgraduate\n\n\nTertiary or university\n\n\nTechnical studies\n\n\nVocational training\n\n\nSecondary school\n\n\nPrimary school\n\n\nMadrasa\n\n\nNo formal education\n\n\n0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\nNote: Education refers to the educational attainment of the head or lead of each household.\n\n\n7. Typically refers to a religious educational institution.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **INFOGRAPHIC 2**\n\n**Parents or guardians of girls in displacement are more likely to seek information on how children can attend school**\n\n\nIN 2022 THERE WERE\n\n#### vs\n# **41,505 37,569**\n\n**girls** **boys**\n\n\nLIKE MORE INFORMATION ON HOW CHILDREN CAN ATTEND SCHOOL\n\n\nPartly due to women\u2019s limited access to education, men and double adult households are more likely than women to note that\nformal jobs are key sources of income for the household. **Figure 7** shows that the most commonly cited source of income are\ninformal activities (37 per cent single women, 41 per cent single men and 47 per cent of double adult households). Single men\nare also more likely than women to access loans and credit. Given the lack of education, social norms, lack of assets and other\nbarriers to access credit, women tend to rely on sources of income other than formal and even informal jobs. For instance, 35\nper cent of single women cited support from local friends and family members as a key source of income, compared to 29 per\ncent of single men and 23 per cent of double adult households. Slightly more women than men also received support, such as\ncash and other forms of support, from NGOs and other agencies.\n\n###### **FIGURE 7**\n\n\n**Proportion of people who cited different resources as a key source of income, by type of household**\n\n\nInformal income generating\nactivities (casual / seasonal work)\n\n\nSupport from local friends /\nfamily\n\n\nLoans (debit or credit)\n\n\nCash support (from NGOs, other)\n\n\nFormal income generating\nactivities (jobs, other business)\n\n\nOther support (from NGOs, other)\n\n\nRemittances\n\n\nMaterial support (from NGOs,\nother)\n\n\nOther\n\n\nSavings\n\n\n0 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\nNote: The graph depicts responses to a multiple-choice question that allowed respondents to select more than one answer. As such, rates may add up to more than 100.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Due to a lack of alternatives, women cope with** **insufficient income by reducing their food intake**\n\nGiven the lack of to access other coping strategies, many women turned to adjusting their food intake or that of their\nfamily members. Food related coping strategies were widespread across displaced population, as almost 90 per cent of\neach household type mentioned this strategy **(figure 8)** . Still, single women households, with or without children, were\ndisproportionately likely to use food-related coping strategies, compared to other types of households. As many as 98 per\ncent of single women, 96 per cent of single men and 97 per cent of double adult households noted they relied on less expensive\nfood at least once in the past week. Almost all single women households (97 per cent) cited borrowing food at least once a\nweek as a coping strategy, compared with 94 per cent among the rest of the displaced population. In addition, 94 per cent\nof single women limited their portion sizes at least once in the past seven days, compared to 92 per cent in other households.\n\n###### **FIGURE 8**\n\n\n**Proportion of displaced population who adopted food-related coping measures at least once a week,**\n**by type of household**\n\n\nRelied on less expensive or less\npreferred food\n\n\nBorrowed food\n\n\nLimited portion sizes\n\n\nRestricted consumption by adults\n\n\nReduced number of meals\n\n\n0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The gender gaps become more noticeable among those who are forced to adopt more severe food-related coping strategies,\nmany of which are households with children. An estimated 51 per cent of single women with children, for instance, had to rely\non less expensive food at least half the time in the past week (compared to 43 per cent of other households with children)\n**(figure 9)** . In turn, 41 per cent of single men households without children relied on less expensive foods at least half the time.\nRoughly 32 per cent of single women with children borrowed food at least half the time, compared to 29 per cent of single\nmen with children and 25 per cent of men without children. Many adults overall restricted their amount of food consumption in\nfavour of feeding children (23 per cent of single women, and roughly 20 per cent in all other households restricted the amount\nconsumed at least half the time).\n\n###### **FIGURE 9**\n\n\n**Proportion of internally displaced population who adopted coping measures at least half the time,**\n**by households composition**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBorrowed food\n\n\nLimited portion\n\n\nReduced\nnumber of meals\n\n\nRelied on less\nexpensive food\n\n\nRestricted\nconsuption\nby adults\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||
~~**32% 31%**~~|
~~**29% 25%**~~|
~~**29% 30%**~~|\n||
~~**28% 26%**~~|
~~**27% 22%**~~|
~~**25% 23%**~~|\n||
~~**15% 20%**~~|
~~**20% 14%**~~|
~~**18% 14%**~~|\n||
~~**51% 47%**~~|
~~**43% 41%**~~|
~~**43% 47%**~~|\n\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\nWith children Without children\n\n\nAnalysis of data on other coping strategies employed by displaced population reveals that single men and double adult\nhouseholds have access to additional coping strategies that single women are less likely to access, which could explain why so\nmany households led by single women turn to adjusting food intake to cope. The second most commonly cited coping strategy\nis delaying seeking medical attention for critical health problems **(figure 10)** . This strategy is employed by more than 70 per\ncent of people, and it is particularly widespread in households with children. Coupled with food restrictions, this strategy can\nhave devastating consequences for the health and well-being of displaced populations, and it is a critical cause for concern.\nMany households with children (more than 65 per cent) are also very likely to stop sending children to school so they can take up\nactivities such as collecting firewood, fetching water or engaging in paid work. Dropping out of school will likely have long term\nconsequences, as it is known to limit future decent work opportunities in adulthood for these children. Single men and double\nadult households, in addition, are more likely than single women households to find additional income sources in the form of\nday labour, street vending or migrant work. Double adult households and women without children, in turn, were the most likely\nto receive government assistance, although this only reached 21 per cent and 19 per cent of them, respectively, along with 16 per\ncent of single men households.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 10**\n\n**Main coping strategies employed by displaced population (besides food-related strategies), by household**\n**composition**\n\n\n\nAt least one member sought\nadditional income sources,\nincluding from daily labour,\nstreet vending or migrant work\n\n\nDelay seeking medical\nattention for critical health\nproblems\n\n\nGovernment assistance\n\n\nStop sending children to\nschool to take up work\nactivities (collect firewood/\nfetch water/ paid work etc.)\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||
~~**54% 43%**~~|
~~**64% 49%**~~|
~~**59% 44%**~~|\n||
~~**72%71%**~~|
~~**74% 66%**~~|
~~**70% 67%**~~|\n||
~~**12% 19%**~~|
~~**12% 16%**~~|
~~**14% 21%**~~|\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWith children Without children\n\nNote: Even though the response about not sending children to school appears irrelevant for households without children, a number ofthese households chose this answer category.\nIt is possible that their responses refer to children that may be living elsewhere/not in displacement. No additional information was collected at the time of the survey to clarify this finding.\n\n### **The lack of water and electricity disproportionately** **affect women and girls in internal displacement**\n\n\nIn addition to challenges associated with livelihoods, asset ownership and reintegration, many displaced people face\nchallenges stemming from living in shelters. When asked about key concerns about their living conditions, many displaced\npeople in shelters noted they lack access to clean water or electricity \u2013 essential services for hygiene, safety and performing\nhousehold chores \u2013 thus increasing the burden of unpaid domestic work.\n\n\nOverall, women and girls were slightly more affected than men and boys by the lack of these services. For instance, 51 per\ncent of women noted they live more than 500 metres from their water source, compared to 50 per cent of men. The share\nof girls and boys that live far from water sources stands at 47 per cent **(figure 11)** . Globally, living far from water sources\nhas disproportionate consequences for women and girls in general, who are in charge of water collection in 80 per cent of\nthe world\u2019s households where clean water is not available on the premises. In addition, social norms typically put women in\ncharge of cleaning and cooking, activities that benefit from access to clean water and energy. Similar gaps can be observed\nregarding electricity access. An estimated 43 per cent of women live in displacement locations that lack electricity; along with\n42 per cent of men, 42 per cent of girls and 41 per cent of boys **(figure 12)** .\n\n###### **FIGURE 11**\n\n\n**Proportion of displaced people living more than 500 meters from their water source, by sex and age**\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8922138214111328, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7517615556716919, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 12**\n\n**Proportion of displaced people that live in households and/or shelters without electricity, by sex and age**\n\n### **The safety of displacement shelters for women and** **girls remains a key concern**\n\n\nRoughly one in every six people living in internal displacement settings noted that the safety of women and girls was a key\nissue with their current shelter. Single women, in particular, were more likely to raise this concern (an estimated 22 per cent of\nsingle women with children noted shelter safety concerns for women and girls, along with 18 per cent of single women without\nchildren) **(figure 13)** . Men and double adult households were less likely to note this concern, although the issue remained a\nworry for those with children, as 20 per cent of single men and 18 per cent of double adult households with children raised this\nconcern. Enhancing the safety of women and girls in displacement settings remains a key priority, but obstacles including their\nlimited access to education, jobs and decision-making power, continue to render them vulnerable. Empowering women and\npromoting their participation in shelter management or humanitarian assistance, for instance, could contribute to enhancing\nrelated safety measures, including setting up enhanced counselling and referral systems for survivors of gender-based\nviolence. The recent ban on women NGO workers, however, is expected to hinder some of these activities.\n\n###### **FIGURE 13**\n\n\n**Proportion of internally displaced population noting concerns about the safety of women and girls in their**\n**current shelter, by household composition**\n\n\n50%\n\n\n0\n\n\nSingle Women Single Men Double Adult\n\n\n\nWith children\n\n\nWithout children\n\n\n##### **22% 20% 18%** **18% 16% 13%**\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54770baf-be1d-4fd7-9891-3b51d1ac7f74/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20May%202023%20Factsheet%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_239/raw/doc_239_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_239/raw/doc_239_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 87cf860564f7e1fb1a17b1ebb08b16587087af2d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_239/raw/doc_239_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,396 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Afghanistan** **crisis** **update** **Women** **and girls in** **displacement**\n##### **Factsheet II - September 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The fall of Afghanistan to Taliban rule in August 2021 continues to contribute to the deterioration of the rights and freedoms of women\nand girls. The Taliban have introduced restrictive measures that systematically exclude women and girls from social, economic and\npolitical life. In May 2022, the Taliban issued a directive indicating that women and girls must fully cover themselves in public, including\ntheir faces, and leave home only in cases of necessity, [1] adding to existing restrictions on women\u2019s work, freedom of movement and\naccess to services. On 17 September 2021, the Taliban announced that girls should refrain from attending secondary school, a fact\nthat was reiterated on 23 March 2022 by announcing secondary schools would remain closed for girls. [2] Furthermore, rights violations\ncontinue to be reported, including forced marriages and beatings, and the detention of protesters, women\u2019s rights activists and female\nsecurity forces. [3] All of this, along with conflict and climate change driven disasters, may be contributing to the displacement of women\nand girls, both within and outside the country.\n\nThis factsheet is the second in a series that examines the changing situation in Afghanistan. It was produced by the United Nations\nEntity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR), using data from UNHCR, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and other\nsources as indicated. Given the rapidly shifting situation in the country, estimates are likely to change over time. Trends or events taking\nplace after June 2022 will be reflected in future factsheets of this series.\n#### **After a brief lull, displacements are back on the rise**\n\n\nThe total number of Afghan people in displacement increased substantially in 2021. Conflict slightly waned after August 2021, and the\nlast quarter of the year saw lower numbers of internally displaced people. New internal displacements, however, were recorded in\nApril, May and June 2022 (figure 1), largely due to security threats. [4] While some displaced families were able to move as a group, many\nfamilies separated and are in need of reunification. Sex-disaggregated data on these displacements is only available for those who\nmoved from Panjshir to Dara / Ab Shar as of 26 April 2022, and among them roughly 19 per cent were adult women, 19 per cent were\nadult men, and an estimated 53 per cent were children. [5]\n\n\n**FIGURE 1:**\n\n\n**Number of conflict-induced newly internally displaced people in Afghanistan, (total)**\n\n\n300,000\n\n263,960\n\n\n250,000\n\n\n200,000\n\n\n150,000\n\n\n\n\n\n100,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n[Source: OCHA Humanitarian Data Exchange (accessed on 28 August 2022).](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/afghanistan-conflict-induced-displacements-in-2022)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheets", - "confidence": 0.8129640817642212, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Panjshir to Dara / Ab Shar", - "confidence": 0.521436333656311, - "start": 433, - "end": 439 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.792808473110199, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced people", - "confidence": 0.842194139957428, - "start": 365, - "end": 368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sex-disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.6885565519332886, - "start": 420, - "end": 422 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6026874780654907, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced people", - "confidence": 0.7192165851593018, - "start": 365, - "end": 368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA Humanitarian Data Exchange", - "confidence": 0.9708660840988159, - "start": 528, - "end": 532 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9909300208091736, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9713951349258423, - "start": 537, - "end": 538 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5241804122924805, - "start": 537, - "end": 538 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Women were less likely to flee the country but when they** **did, they took their families with them**\n\nThe data on people displaced to neighbouring countries in 2022 indicates that men and boys were more likely than women to leave\nAfghanistan for the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan (figure 2).\n\nAlthough most of the new arrivals in these two countries (69 per cent) were registered as nuclear groups (figure 3), an estimated 10,668\nwomen fled without a male partner to the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan in the first half of 2022 alone (figure 4). Importantly, data\nshow that women rarely fled Afghanistan without children or other dependents (less than 1,000 women fled alone in 2022, compared to\n10,464 men). When fleeing the country with children or older dependents, women are more likely to care for more people than men (women\nbrought an average of 4.2 children or adult dependents with them, compared to 3.2 dependents brought by men).\n\n\n\n**FIGURE 2:**\n\n\n**Afghan refugees and asylum-seekers newly arrived to**\n**the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan (active, hold,**\n**closed and inactive cases), by sex, (percentage)**\n\n\n\n**FIGURE 3:**\n\n\n**Family composition of newly recorded groups of refugees**\n**and asylum-seekers arriving to the Islamic Republic**\n**of Iran and Pakistan (active, hold, closed and inactive**\n**cases), (percentage)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Non-partnered women**\n\n**Non-partnered women**\n**with children**\n\n**Non-partnered men**\n\n**Non-partnered**\n**men with children**\n\n**Couples (women**\n**and men) with children**\n**Couples (women**\n**and men)**\n**Children**\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\n\nGirls\n\nMen\n\nBoys\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Estimates based on UNHCR data as of 13 June 2022 Source: Estimates based on UNHCR data as of 13 June 2022. For statistical purposes, \u201cnon-partnered\u201d refers adults arriving without an adult of the opposite sex.\n\n\n**FIGURE 4:**\n\n\n**Number of newly recorded Afghans in need of international protection in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan**\n**(active, hold, closed and inactive cases), non-partnered women and men, (total)**\n\n\n12,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n8,000\n\n\n6,000\n\n\n4,000\n\n\n2,000\n\n\n0\n\nNon-partnered\nwomen\n\n\nIran Women Iran Men Pakistan Women Pakistan Men\n\nSource: Estimates based on UNHCR data as of 13 June 2022.\n\nNote: Couples (women and men) and groups with a child registered as the group\u2019s head were excluded from the graph. For statistical purposes, \u201cnon-partnered\u201d refers adults arriving without an adult of the\nopposite sex.\n\n**3**\n\nNon-partnered Non-partnered Non-partnered men\nmen women with children with children\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **The current cost-of-living crisis will hit displaced** **women harder**\n\nThe global cost-of-living crisis is producing significant increases in the prices of basic goods, such as food and fuel. [6] This, coupled\nwith Afghanistan\u2019s current economic contraction, asset freeze and banking crisis [7], has direct repercussions for the purchasing power\nof women and men, especially for single adults living with dependents. Data show that the prices of key goods in Afghanistan, such\nas diesel fuel, quality rice and bread, have increased substantially since the beginning of 2022 (absolute changes), while the price\nof cooking oil remains among the highest per kilogram (figure 5). In key destination countries for Afghan refugees and asylumseekers, such as Pakistan, the absolute price increases have been even higher, with cooking oil, ghee, poultry and diesel fuel seeing\nthe largest absolute price increases (figure 6). Given that an estimated 72 per cent of non-partnered [8] Afghan women refugees\nand asylum-seekers in neighbouring countries live in single adult households with dependents, compared to 9.5 per cent of men,\nwomen are more likely to struggle to provide sufficient food and basic goods for their families (see infographic 1).\n**FIGURE 5:**\n\n\n**Average price in Afghanistan per kilogram or litre of food and other basic goods, (United States dollars)**\n\n\n$2.50\n\n\n\n$2.00\n\n\n$1.50\n\n\n$1.00\n\n\n$0.50\n\n\n$0.00\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Pulses
Rice (high quality)|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Bread
Fuel (diesel)
Rice (low quality)
Sugar
Wheat \ufb02our (high quality)
|Bread
Fuel (diesel)
Rice (low quality)
Sugar
Wheat \ufb02our (high quality)
|\n|~~Wheat \ufb02our (low quality)~~||\n\n\n\nSalt\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun\n\n[Source: Estimates from the World Food Programme refer to January-June 2022, extracted from OCHA Humanitarian Data Exchange, accessed on 3 August 2022.](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/wfp-food-prices-for-afghanistan)\n\nNote: Unweighted averages of the province-level price data.\n**FIGURE 6:**\n\n\n**Average price in Pakistan per kilogram or litre of food and other basic goods, (United States dollars)**\n\n$2.50\n\n\n$2.00\n\n\n\n\n\n$1.50\n\n\n$1.00\n\n\n$0.50\n\n\n$0.00\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSugar\nRice (coarse)\n\nWheat\nWheat flour\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun\n\n[Source: Estimates from the World Food Programme refer to January-June 2022, extracted from OCHA Humanitarian Data Exchange, accessed on 3 August 2022.](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/wfp-food-prices-for-pakistan)\n\nNote: Unweighted averages of province-level price data.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.6708396673202515, - "start": 85, - "end": 86 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "prices of key goods", - "confidence": 0.6506315469741821, - "start": 89, - "end": 93 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9481555223464966, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8947518467903137, - "start": 113, - "end": 114 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Estimates from the World Food Programme", - "confidence": 0.7131017446517944, - "start": 407, - "end": 413 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.7918021082878113, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9775535464286804, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**INFOGRAPHIC 1:**\n\n\n**The effects of the cost-of-living crisis for Afghan women in displacement**\n## 72% vs 10%\n\n**women** **men**\n\n**Refugees and asylum-seekers***\n**in single adult households live**\n**with dependents.**\n\n\n**As the sole breadwinner in many cases, refugee women* are likely to**\n**struggle more than men to provide food and fuel for their families**\n\n\ncooking oil/grease poultry bread diesel fuels\n\n**saw the largest absolute price increases.**\n\n\n*Refers to Afghan refugees and asylum-seekers newly arrived in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan in 2022.\n\nSource: Estimates based on UNHCR data as of 13 June 2022.\n#### **Many internally displaced women and their families are** **returning home**\n\n\nApproximately 800,000 internally displaced persons had returned home as of December 2021. Across most age groups, more men than\nwomen returned, which is no surprise given that more men fled in the first place (figure 7). However, among people of reproductive\nage (18 to 49), more women than men returned. Given that, as noted earlier, women are far more likely than men to flee with children,\nand women bring more dependents than men on average, the economic burden of living in displacement and providing food and\nshelter for their families may be a reason for disproportionate returns among women age 18 to 49.\n\n\n**FIGURE 7:**\n\n\n**Number of Afghan returnees (annual stock), by sex and age, (total)**\n\n100,000\n\n\n90,000\n\n\n80,000\n\n\n70,000\n\n\n60,000\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n0\n\n0-4 5-11 12-17 18-24 25-49 50-59 60+\n\n\nWomen Men\n\n\nSource: Estimates for December 2021 based on UNHCR data as of 13 June 2022.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Displaced and returnee women face challenges to access** **services, despite humanitarian assistance efforts**\n\nAfghan returnees continue to encounter barriers to access basic goods and key services. Surveys of returnees conducted between\nOctober 2021 and April 2022 indicate that access to food, clothing and fuel remain among the top priority needs. Data disaggregated\nby household composition are not available to compare whether women and men in the same types of households face the same\nchallenges. However, aggregated data indicate that households with a woman registered as the household lead (typically households\nwhere women are the only adult, with or without dependent children) were less likely than the average household to cite clothing as a\nkey priority for the household, but they were more likely to cite health care, rent and fuel as top priority needs (figure 8). A key concern\nfor women listed as household leads was the affordability of rent (an estimated 40 per cent noted that they may be unable to afford\nrent or may be at risk of eviction, compared to 28 per cent on average. For households led by a woman with disabilities, this figure\nrose to 45 per cent). Recent restrictions limiting Afghan women\u2019s access to economic opportunities (women\u2019s labour force participation\ndecreased by 16 per cent between August and October 2021, compared with 6 per cent in the case of men) [9] may be contributing to\nthese differences.\n\n\n**FIGURE 8:**\n\n\n**Proportion of internally displaced returnees* that noted an item was a priority need for the household, by sex of the**\n**person registered as household lead, (percentage)**\n\n\n100\n\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\nFood Clothing Fuel Rent Health care Shelter Other\nrehabilitation\n\n\nAll households Led by women Led by women with disabilities\n\n\nSource: UNHCR data collected between October 2021 and April 2022.\n\n- May include responses of internally displaced people, although the bulk of respondents are internally displaced returnees.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Surveys of returnees", - "confidence": 0.9860183000564575, - "start": 40, - "end": 43 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5850517153739929, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6944537162780762, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan returnees", - "confidence": 0.9512888789176941, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "aggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9529966115951538, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6299924850463867, - "start": 85, - "end": 86 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.9624689817428589, - "start": 353, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9101852774620056, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.827156126499176, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Girls remain barred from accessing education in** **Afghanistan, and this will have lifelong consequences**\n\nAfghanistan is now the only country in the world expressly prohibiting girls from attending secondary education. On 23 March 2022,\nan official announcement was made to indefinitely postpone the planned reopening of schooling for girls above grade 6. [10] This is\nexpected to worsen the already low female literacy rate in the country, which currently stands at 23 per cent. [11] At present, it is estimated\nthat more than 2 million girls age 10\u201314 are affected by secondary school closures, as are 1.8 million girls age 15\u201319. [12] This will have\nlifelong consequences, as evidence shows that higher education is associated with older age at first marriage, better paid jobs, higher\nlikelihood to own assets, more decision-making power and lower exposure to intimate partner violence (see infographic 2).\n\n\nGirls encounter significant barriers to access schooling in countries neighbouring Afghanistan. Refugee girls face further barriers\narising from social norms and poverty, among other factors. In 2019, the gross enrolment rate for refugee girls in primary school in\nPakistan was 70 per cent, compared with 92 per cent for refugee boys [13] . In comparison, the national rate in Pakistan stood at 89 per\ncent for girls and 101 per cent for boys in the same year. [14]\n\n\n**INFOGRAPHIC 2:**\n\n\n**Differences in outcomes for women in Afghanistan, by level of education, 2015**\n\n\n**Proportion of women**\n**in Afghanistan that\u2026** **No education** **Primary** **Secondary** **Higher**\n\n### **43% 70% 76% 92%**\n\n**Deliver at a health facility**\n\n\n**jointly**\n\n\n**health care**\n\n### **54% 42% 33% 27%**\n\n**sexual violence at the**\n**hands of their partner**\n\n\n[Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2015. Data extracted from DHS Stat Compiler, accessed on 4 August 2022.](https://www.statcompiler.com/en/)\n\nNote: 2015 is the latest available year. The survey was conducted again in 2020-21 but the data have not been released.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9937758445739746, - "start": 401, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7232981324195862, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DHS Stat Compiler", - "confidence": 0.8679257035255432, - "start": 411, - "end": 414 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6730832457542419, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9945408701896667, - "start": 406, - "end": 407 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020-21", - "confidence": 0.8980509042739868, - "start": 439, - "end": 440 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Endnotes**\n\n1 H. Barr and S. Fetrat, 2022, \u2018Afghans Call to #FreeHerFace: Campaign Opposes Taliban Forcing On-Air Female Journalists to Cover Faces\u2019, Human Rights Watch, 23\nMay. Available at www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/23/afghans-call-freeherface.\n\n2 [UN Women, 2022, \u2018Women\u2019s rights in Afghanistan one year after the Taliban take-over\u2019. Available at www.unwomen.org/sites/default/fles/2022-08/Gender-alert-2-](http://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/Gender-alert-2-Womens-rights-in-Afghanistan-one-year-after-the-Taliban-take-over-en_0.pdf)\n[Womens-rights-in-Afghanistan-one-year-after-the-Taliban-take-over-en_0.pdf](http://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/Gender-alert-2-Womens-rights-in-Afghanistan-one-year-after-the-Taliban-take-over-en_0.pdf)\n\n3 Global Protection Cluster: Protection Analysis Update \u2013 Quarter 3. Available at www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-AnalysisUpdate_Q3_Final.pdf.\n\n4 On 23 June, the \u2018Emirate Islami Military\u2019 attacked non-state group \u2018Military of Mawlawi Mahdi\u2019 in Balkhab district (Sar-e-pol). UNHCR, 2022. \u2018Emergency Joint\nAssessment Team Report on Yakawalang I & II IDPs Balkhab\u2019\n\n5 Sex-disaggregated data for children was not reported.\n\n6 [World Economic Forum, 2022. Available at: www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/07/cost-of-living-crisis-global-impact/](http://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/07/cost-of-living-crisis-global-impact/)\n\n7 [UNDP, 2021. Afghanistan: Socio-Economic Outlook 2021-2022. Available from www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-](http://www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjwuaiXBhCCARIsAKZLt3nyxVCDTwcr2p2VymPh6pxuoNp_2gDnKEH77hn9lI6xcec1lfV5UU8aApU7EALw_wcB)\n[2021-2022?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_](http://www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjwuaiXBhCCARIsAKZLt3nyxVCDTwcr2p2VymPh6pxuoNp_2gDnKEH77hn9lI6xcec1lfV5UU8aApU7EALw_wcB)\n[src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjwuaiXBhCCARIsAKZLt3nyxVCDTwcr2p2VymPh6pxuoNp_2gDnKEH77hn9lI6xcec1lfV5UU8aApU7EALw_wcB](http://www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjwuaiXBhCCARIsAKZLt3nyxVCDTwcr2p2VymPh6pxuoNp_2gDnKEH77hn9lI6xcec1lfV5UU8aApU7EALw_wcB)\n\n8 Refers to women that fled without a male partner.\n\n9 [Source: ILO. 2022. Employment Prospects in Afghanistan: A Rapid Impact Assessment.](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/briefingnote/wcms_834525.pdf)\n\n10 OHCHR, 2022, \u2018Afghanistan: UN experts condemn Taliban decision to deny girls secondary education\u2019 24 March. Available at www.ohchr.org/en/press\nreleases/2022/03/afghanistan-un-experts-condemn-taliban-decision-deny-girls-secondary.\n\n11 [See World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.FE.ZS?locations=AF (accessed on 2 September 2021).](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.FE.ZS?locations=AF)\n\n12 National Statistics and Information Authority of Afghanistan.\n\n13 UNHCR internal statistics.\n\n14 [See World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.ENRR.MA?locations=PK.](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.ENRR.MA?locations=PK)\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e723119-5ee7-4547-98f8-8c93bec8ff8a/Afghanistan%20crisis%20update%20-%20Women%20and%20Girls%20in%20displacement%20UNHCR-UNWomen%20September%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_24/raw/doc_24_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_24/raw/doc_24_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index afc95f6f9338844fc142abfabaecf95284bbc155..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_24/raw/doc_24_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CIVILIAN IMPACT MONITORING PROJECT** **QUARTERLY REPORT**\n\n## **Q1: JANUARY \u2013 MARCH 2019**\n\n**This** **is** **the** **Civilian** **Impact** **Monitoring** **Project** **quarterly** **report,** **providing** **an** **overview** **of** **all**\n**incidents** **of** **armed** **violence** **reported** **to** **have** **impacted** **civilians** **in** **Yemen** **in** **January,**\n**February and March 2019. The report covers civilian casualties, incident distribution, types**\n**of armed violence and impact on civilian infrastructure.**\n\n\n**The** **Civilian** **Impact** **Monitoring** **Project** **(CIMP)** **is** **a** **monitoring** **mechanism** **for** **real-time**\n**collection,** **analysis** **and** **dissemination** **of** **open** **source** **data** **on** **the** **civilian** **impact** **from**\n**armed** **violence** **in** **Yemen,** **with** **the** **purpose** **of** **informing** **and** **complementing** **protection**\n**programming.**\n\n\n**CIMP** **is** **a** **service** **under** **the** **United** **Nations** **Protection** **Cluster** **for** **Yemen** **and,** **since** **going**\n**live** **on** **01** **August** **2018,** **has** **reported** **in** **real-time** **on** **the** **impact** **of** **incidents** **of** **armed**\n**violence** **on** **civilians** **at** **the** **national** **level,** **divided** **into** **5** **hubs:** **Al-Hudaydah,** **Sa\u2019ada,**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/190deb10-83d6-3b79-b028-adb262c91115/20190422_cimp_quarterly_report_q1_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_240/raw/doc_240_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_240/raw/doc_240_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1f42b2de6973ca291adce294495fd5d812efb53d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_240/raw/doc_240_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,432 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The August 2021 fall of Afghanistan\u2019s government to Taliban rule has further limited the ability of women and girls to exercise\ntheir fundamental rights in their own country. The longstanding conflict in Afghanistan as well as recent events and the restriction\nof women\u2019s rights have forced many women and their families to flee their homes, seeking safety either within Afghanistan or\nin neighbouring countries. The analysis of 2021 data provided in this factsheet demonstrates that refugees, internally displaced\npeople and other populations affected by the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan are increasing in number; but their prospects, whether in returning home or finding refuge elsewhere, are not always bright. This factsheet examines the needs, fears and\nbarriers encountered by Afghan women and girls who are internally displaced or who have fled abroad.\n\n\nThe factsheet is the first in a series that will examine the changing situation in Afghanistan as additional data become available. It was produced by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women\n(UN Women) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), using data from UNHCR, the\nUnited Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and other sources as indicated. Given the rapidly\nshifting situation in the country, estimates are likely to change over time. Trends or events taking place after 2021 will be reflected in future factsheets of this series.\n\n### **Women are fleeing their homes, and taking their** **families with them**\n\n\nThe total number of displaced Afghan people increased substantially in 2021, both within the country and beyond its borders.\nA major peak of conflict-induced newly internally displaced population numbers was registered in July, prior to the Taliban\ntakeover (figure 1). While some moved in groups, mostly as families, the crisis also left many families in need of reunification.\n\n###### **FIGURE 1**\n\n\n**Number of conflict-induced newly internally displaced people in Afghanistan, January - October 2021 (total)**\n\n\n300,000\n\n\n\n250,000\n\n\n200,000\n\n\n150,000\n\n\n100,000\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Taliban takeover|\n|---|---|\n||Taliban takeover|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug\n\n\n[Source: UN OCHA records, available from: www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/idps . Last reported displacement up to 19 October 2021.](http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/idps)\n\n\n\nSep Oct\n\n\n\nData for 2021 indicate that women make up roughly 21 per cent of internally displaced people, as do men. Children make up the\nremaining 58 per cent (figure 2). A look at the family composition of those that fled to other countries, however, reveals gender differences (figure 3). Neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Iran and, to a much lesser degree other Refugee Response Plan Countries\nsuch as Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, are key destination countries for Afghans seeking international protection. Prior to\n2021, there were more than 2 million [1] Afghan refugees registered in those countries, of which more than 64 per cent were in Pakistan\nand 35 per cent were in Iran. With the 2021 crisis, however, it is expected that the number of Afghans in need of international protection has increased in these and other countries. During 2021, women and girls made up an estimated 46 per cent of the almost 80\nthousand [2] Afghans in need of international protection reported in these countries (figure 3).\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Although most of those entering Pakistan and Iran were recorded as nuclear groups of women and men with children and\nother dependents (figure 4), more than 4,000 people fled without a partner to Pakistan and Iran in 2021 alone [3] . Data show\nthat, overall, women are more likely than men to seek asylum with children and other dependents (figure 5). An estimated\n68 per cent of non-partnered women who fled to Pakistan and Iran did so with children or other dependents, compared\nto 7 per cent of non-partnered men. Data also show that non-partnered women on average take more dependents than\nnon-partnered men when seeking asylum. Non-partnered women fleeing to Pakistan with dependents had on average 4.2\nchildren or other dependents each, compared to 3.1 for men. Similarly, in Iran, these figures stood at 3.8 for women and 3.1\nfor men. This evidences the additional burden placed on non-partnered women, to find shelter, safety and resources not\nonly for themselves but also for their families.\n\n###### **FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3**\n\n\n\n**Conflict induced newly internally displaced people**\n**in Afghanistan, by sex, January-October 2021**\n**(percentage)**\n\n\n\n**Proportion of newly recorded Afghans in need of**\n**international protection in Refugee Response Plan**\n**countries, by sex, 2021 (percentage)**\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\n\nGirls\n\nMen\n\nBoys\n\n\n\n\n\nChildren\n\nMen\n\nWomen\n\n\n\n\n##### **58%**\n\n\n\nSource: UN OCHA records, available from: [www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/idps)\n[afghanistan/idps . Last reported displacement up to 19 October 2021. Sex-disaggregation for](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/idps)\nchildren was not available at the time of the analysis.\n\n###### **FIGURE 4**\n\n\n\nSource: UNHCR records. Data as of 11 December 2021.\nNote: The 2022 Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan focuses on populations in Iran,\nPakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.\n\n\n\n**Reported number of newly recorded Afghans in need of international protection in Pakistan and Iran (active,**\n**hold, closed and inactive cases), 2021 (total)**\n\n\n70,000\n\n\n60,000\n\n\n50,000\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n30,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n10,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nNon-partnered Non-partnered Non-partnered\nwomen men women\nwith children/\ndependents\n\nPakistan Iran\n\n\n\nNon-partnered\nmen\nwith children/\ndependents\n\n\n\nCouples\n(women and men)\nwith children /\ndependents\n\n\n\nCouples Children*\n(women and men)\n\n\n\nSource: UNHCR records. Data as of 11 December 2021.\nNote: The total number of Afghans in need of international protection is likely to be much higher. *The \u201cChildren\u201d category refers to groups with a child as a focal point. In 56 of the 74 nuclear groups\nheaded by children (designated as \u201cchildren\u201d) an adult may have been part of the group, but a child was identified as the head of the nuclear group. This, for instance, may include groups where\nan adult woman was present but a teenage boy approached UNHCR as the group\u2019s head.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **FIGURE 5**\n\n**Reported number of non-partnered Afghan adults in need of international protection in Pakistan and Iran**\n**(active, hold, closed and inactive cases), by sex, 2021 (total)**\n\n\n2,500\n\n\n2,000\n\n\n1,500\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n500\n\n\n0\n\nNon-partnered with children/ Non-partnered without children/ Non-partnered with children/ Non-partnered without children/\ndependents dependents dependents dependents\n\n\nIran Pakistan\n\nWomen Men\n\n\nSource: UNHCR records. Data as of 11 December 2021.\n\n###### **INFOGRAPHIC 1**\n\n\n**Among non-partnered Afghans in need**\n**of international protection in Pakistan and Iran**\n## 68% vs 7%\n\n**women** **men**\n\n\nfled with children or other dependents\n\n###### **INFOGRAPHIC 2**\n\n\n**When Afghans flee with children or other dependents**\n\n\n\n**Average number**\n**of dependents**\n## 4.1 women bring vs\n\n\n\n**Average number**\n**of dependents**\n## **3.1 men bring**\n\n\n\nNon-partnered Afghan women in need of international\nprotection have to take care of more\nchildren/dependents than men\n\n\nSource: UN Women calculations based on UNHCR records. Data as of 11 December 2021. Note: non-partnered women refers to nuclear groups fleeing without an adult man. Non-partnered\nmen refers to those without an adult woman. These aggregates look at group composition rather than formal partnership status. Average number of dependents has been calculated among\npeople with dependents only. Calculations based on refugees and asylum seekers in Iran and Pakistan only.\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Lack of safety is a precursor to many displacements**\n\nThe protracted conflict in Afghanistan coupled with the recent Taliban takeover and the severe droughts the country has endured\nin recent years have worsened poverty and food insecurity, widened gender-based inequalities, and taken a toll on the safety of\nAfghan women and men. Almost all Afghans in need of international protection fleeing to Pakistan and Iran in 2021 cited violence\nand insecurity as a key reason for fleeing (figure 6). The second most cited reason was specific security threats, which was cited disproportionately by groups with more women and girls. In Iran, where the reasons for displacement included \u201cdiscrimination\u201d among\nthe response options, more women and girls were also among the groups that fled because of this reason.\n\n\nRecent news reports [4] from Afghanistan have raised concerns over safety threats to women and girls, including reports of forced\nmarriages, beating of women protesters and targeting of rights activists, female judges and police; and safety threats are compounded by restrictions on women and girls\u2019 freedom of movement and education. Furthermore, women and girls may experience violence perpetrated by intimate partners. Even prior to the recent crisis, violence against women was pervasive in Afghanistan. In 2015, an estimated 51 per cent of women in the country had experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner\nin their lifetime [5] . In light of recent events, this figure is expected to have risen. The Afghanistan Protection Cluster [6] estimates that\nas many as 90 per cent of Afghan women may have now experienced gender-based violence, the majority perpetrated by their\nintimate partner, although no official statistics exist in this regard [7] .\n\n\nDespite the existential threats posed by conflict and the many gender-specific forms of persecution currently taking place in Afghanistan, many Afghan women and girls are not able to leave the country through regular channels. Restrictions on movement\nand the lack of documentation may pose challenges for women, especially at official border points. Unofficial border points are\nmore remote, lack basic facilities, and often require travellers to employ smugglers, and those conditions put women and girls at\nfurther risk of violence.\n\n###### **FIGURE 6**\n\n\n**Main reasons Afghans in need of international protection fled to Pakistan and Iran, by sex, 2021 (percentage)**\n\n\n100\n\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\nDiscrimination Loss of Loss of land/ Violence and Specific Discrimination Loss of Loss of land/\nlivelihoods property insecurity security livelihoods property\n\n\n\nViolence and Specific Discrimination Loss of Loss of land Violence and\ninsecurity security livelihoods property insecurity\nthreats\n\n\n\nSpecific\nsecurity\nthreats\n\n\n\nIran Pakistan\n\n\nWomen Girls Men Boys\n\n\nSource: UNHCR records. To calculate these estimates in Iran, questions were asked to group focal points only, and responses given by focal points were then assigned to all members of each group.\nData for Iran is sourced from questions asked to group focal points that approached UNHCR, and responses given by focal points were then assigned to all members of each group; the data for\nPakistan was collected from key informant interviews. Note: Only the most cited reasons have been included in the figure. Other reasons mentioned by less than 1 per cent of respondents included\nfamily reunification, the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and others. \u201cDiscrimination\u201d as a reason for displacement was not given as a possible response in Pakistan, and thus no data are available.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR records", - "confidence": 0.9972454309463501, - "start": 509, - "end": 511 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9139418601989746, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iran", - "confidence": 0.9881844520568848, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.7658799290657043, - "start": 583, - "end": 586 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9537080526351929, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Refugees and asylum seekers face numerous barriers** **to accessing support in displacement**\n\nDisplaced people face a wide range of challenges, from finding shelter for themselves and their families, to finding jobs and\nnutritious food. Refugee and asylum-seeking Afghan women and girls in neighboring countries also face many barriers to\naccessing basic health care, including sexual and reproductive care.\n\n\nAccording to data compiled in Pakistan, access to shelter, livelihoods and food were the most cited needs (figure 7). Groups\nwith women and girls focal points were slightly more likely to cite these needs for support. For instance, 82 per cent of women\ncited the need for shelter, compared to 80 per cent of men; 78 per cent of girls needed access to livelihoods, compared to 76\nper cent of boys; and 68 per cent of women noted needing food, compared to 66 per cent of men. The COVID-19 pandemic has\nexacerbated the already precarious economic situation of refugees living in countries neighbouring Afghanistan, which poses\nadditional challenges for displaced populations looking to rebuild their livelihoods. Furthermore, refugee girls also face barriers to attending school due to social norms and poverty. In 2019, the gross enrolment rate for refugee girls in primary school\nin Pakistan was 70 per cent compared to 92 per cent for boys [8] . This, in turn, further contributes to the challenges of accessing\nlivelihoods and coming out of poverty in adulthood.\n\n\nAlthough only 1 per cent of groups with women focal points cited support for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) among\ntheir needs for assistance, about 13 per cent noted needing support related to traumatic events and requiring access to psycho-social support, which may be a result of GBV or other forms of violence. Due to sensitivity and other factors, violence-related experiences are likely to be underreported.\n\n###### **FIGURE 7**\n\n\n**Key needs for support among Afghans in need of international protection fleeing to Pakistan, by sex, 2021**\n**(percentage)**\n\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nAccess to shelter Access to Access to food Access to Support for Support for\n\nlivelihoods medical individ- other trauma\n\nassistance ual with survivors\n\n\n\nAccess to Access to food Access to Support for Support for Access to\nlivelihoods medical individ- other trauma psycho-social\n\nassistance ual with survivors support\n\n\n\nAccess to food Access to Support for Support for Access to Family\nmedical individ- other trauma psycho-social separation\nassistance ual with survivors support\n\n\n\nSupport for\nindividual with\ndisabilities\n\n\n\nSupport for\nunaccompanied/separated children\n\n\n\nSupport\nfor GBV\nsurvivors\n\n\n\nWomen Girls Men Boys\n\n\nSource: UNHCR records from key informant interviews in Pakistan. Note: The option \u201cother needs\u201d has been excluded from the figure.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR records", - "confidence": 0.5056794881820679, - "start": 492, - "end": 494 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9435869455337524, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9959660768508911, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.866600513458252, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghans in need of international protection", - "confidence": 0.630021333694458, - "start": 365, - "end": 371 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Costs and lack of documentation pose challenges to** **accessing services for internally displaced Afghans**\n\nThe economic crisis in Afghanistan brought about by political instability, droughts and the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected the availability of income-generating opportunities. [9] Furthermore, it is estimated that restrictions on\nfemale employment in Afghanistan may inflict an immediate economic loss of between $600 million and $1 billion (3-5 per\ncent of the country\u2019s gross domestic product). [10] As a result, there are concerns that Afghans will resort to harmful coping\nmechanisms, such as child marriage and the sale of girls. In 2017, an estimated 28 per cent of young women in Afghanistan had been married or in a union before turning 18 [11] . Since the onset of the current crisis, UNICEF has received credible\nreports of families offering daughters as young as 20 days old up for future marriage in return for a dowry. [12]\n\n\nThe lack of services in the country is putting many at a heightened risk of falling into extreme poverty. According to interviews\nconducted by the Afghanistan Protection Cluster, 63 per cent of respondents noted that, even where services were available,\ntheir community members were unable to access them. These services ranged from livelihood support to health, shelter and\neducation, among others. The most frequently cited barriers included the inability to pay for the service, and lack of documentation (figure 8). As women are more likely to hold informal jobs and less likely to complete formal education, they may find it\nharder to access services. Moreover, 23 per cent of women noted they lack documentation, compared to 10 per cent of men.\nFor internally displaced Afghans, the risk of lacking documentation is even higher. Coupled with poverty and safety concerns,\nthe lack of documentation may make accessing services particularly challenging for internally displaced women and girls.\n\n\nAfghan women and girls living in displacement settings may also be at a heightened risk of GBV, as a result of hostilities with the\nhost community, precarious living arrangements, limited freedom of movement and limited access to protection and redress\nmechanisms. As highlighted in group discussions conducted by the Afghanistan Protection Cluster, almost 35 per cent of women respondents reported feeling unsafe and 8 per cent noted GBV risks as a specific reason for feeling unsafe. Other reasons\ncited in focus groups included growing insecurity and presence of armed groups, among others. Within the country, many GBV\nservices have been discontinued and legal documentation is required for accessing the services that remain.\n\n###### **FIGURE 8**\n\n\n**Main reasons for being unable to access existing services (percentage of respondents that noted each reason), 2021**\n\n\n\nUnable to pay for the service\n\n\nLacking documentation\n\n\nThe service doesn\u2019t reach\nthe people in need\n\n\nFacing discrimination\n\n\nAssistance is not what people need\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n22\n\n\n20 25\n\n\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15\n\n\n\n[Source: Key informant interviews (n=1,075) and surveys (n=6,661) conducted by the GPC in Afghanistan in 2021. Available at www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protec-](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n[tion-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.9346140623092651, - "start": 556, - "end": 559 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GPC", - "confidence": 0.7275445461273193, - "start": 578, - "end": 579 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9559774994850159, - "start": 580, - "end": 581 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8832534551620483, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6592850089073181, - "start": 567, - "end": 568 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GPC", - "confidence": 0.8169582486152649, - "start": 578, - "end": 579 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9523762464523315, - "start": 580, - "end": 581 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9155598282814026, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Evidence also suggests that dispute resolution mechanisms favor host communities over returnee and displaced population\n(87 per cent of host community respondents said their disputes had been resolved compared with 77 per cent of internally\ndisplaced people [13] ). Fees were found to be key barriers to accessing these mechanisms.\n\n\nIn localities such as Badakhshan and Herat the lack of women staff among service providers was raised as a barrier. Data are\ncurrently unavailable to determine the proportion of public services that include women providers in Afghanistan. However, information on the provinces that lack agreements for the full engagement of women humanitarian staff can provide some insight. As\nof 25 December 2021, nine provinces in the country had only partial agreements for women humanitarian staff. That is, while some\norganizations secured the ability for women staff to work in all sectors, others were only able to secure agreements for work in health\nand education. This leaves 3,492,666 women [14] (more than 18 per cent of Afghan women and girls) without or with limited access to\nwomen aid workers. Engagement with the de facto authorities to advocate for expanding partial agreements is currently on-going\nbut, in most cases, assurances received have only been verbal. This is particularly worrisome in conservative communities, where\nonly women aid workers are allowed to speak to women and girls for needs assessments and provision of aid. If their views aren\u2019t\nprovided or taken into consideration, this may result in gender-blind interventions. Even where women humanitarian workers are\nallowed to operate, their work often remains conditional on the accompaniment by a male chaperone, which may deter women and\ngirls from disclosing certain needs and may affect survey responses.\n\n###### **INFOGRAPHIC 3**\n\n## **More MILLION**\n\n**women and girls in Afghanistan live in**\n**provinces without full agreements for women**\n**humanitarian workers to operate.**\n## **than**\n# **3**\n\n\n**When allowed, they often need**\n**a male chaperone**\n\n\nSource: UN Women calculations based on state of agreements as of 25 December 2021 and Afghanistan National Statistics and Information Authority (NSIA)\npopulation estimates.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.8852322101593018, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9000594615936279, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Endnotes**\n\n**1.** An estimated 2,224,659 refugees were registered in the caseload of Refugee Response Plan countries.\n\n**2.** An estimated 77,919 people approached UNHCR in Refugee Response Plan countries between January and October 2021.\n\n**3.** For the purpose of this analysis, \u201cnon-partnered\u201d refers to people fleeing either alone or in nuclear groups without an opposite sex adult. No information was\navailable for this analysis on the actual marital status of Afghans in need of international protection.\n\n**4.** [See, for instance: New York Times (30 August 2021), BBC News (28 September 2021), Wall Street Journal (3 November 2021) or Global Protection cluster,](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/world/asia/afghanistan-women-taliban.html)\namong others.\n\n**5.** [See: UNFPA, Measuring the prevalence of violence against women in Asia-Pacific, https://asiapacifc.unfpa.org/en/knowvawdata](https://asiapacific.unfpa.org/en/knowvawdata)\n\n**6.** The Afghanistan Protection Cluster is part of the GPC, a network of nongovernmental organizations, international organizations and United Nations\nagencies, engaged in protection work in humanitarian crises, including armed conflict, climate change related and natural disasters. The mandate\nof the GPC originated from the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, led by UNHCR, governed by a Strategic Advisory Group, co-chaired by the GPC\n[coordinator and an operational non-governmental organization, and serviced by a multi-partner operations cell. More information is available here: www.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/field-support/field-protection-clusters/afghanistan/)\n[globalprotectioncluster.org/feld-support/feld-protection-clusters/afghanistan/ .](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/field-support/field-protection-clusters/afghanistan/)\n\n**7.** [See: Afghanistan Protection Cluster: Analysis update, October 2021. Available from: https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n[Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n\n**8.** Source: UNHCR internal records.\n\n**9.** See Afghanistan Protection Analysis Update Q2, United Nations Treaty Bodies Media Statement, \u2018Afghanistan: UN committees urge Taliban to\n[honour their promises to protect women and girls\u2019, 30th August 2021, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.](https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27414&LangID=E)\n[aspx?NewsID=27414&LangID=E](https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27414&LangID=E)\n\n**10.** [UNDP, \u2018Afghanistan: Socio-Economic Outlook 2021-2022: Averting a Basic Needs Crisis\u2019, 01 December 2021, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022-averting-basic-needs-crisis)\n[afghanistan/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022-averting-basic-needs-crisis](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-socio-economic-outlook-2021-2022-averting-basic-needs-crisis)\n\n**11.** [See: https://data.unicef.org/](https://data.unicef.org/)\n\n**12.** [See: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/girls-increasingly-risk-child-marriage-afghanistan](https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/girls-increasingly-risk-child-marriage-afghanistan)\n\n**13.** [Source: Afghanistan protection cluster, available from: https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n[Q3_Final.pdf](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/AFG_Protection-Analysis-Update_Q3_Final.pdf)\n\n**14.** Aggregate calculated utilizing the state of agreements as of 25 December 2021, along with population estimates from the Afghanistan National Statistics and\nInformation Authority.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "caseload of Refugee Response Plan countries", - "confidence": 0.8936346173286438, - "start": 26, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.799956202507019, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8153013586997986, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8487612009048462, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.6892402768135071, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Measuring the prevalence of violence against women", - "confidence": 0.5873597264289856, - "start": 169, - "end": 176 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7650929093360901, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia-Pacific", - "confidence": 0.8718933463096619, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6162952780723572, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "state of agreements", - "confidence": 0.9420377612113953, - "start": 487, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9819812178611755, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5722945928573608, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "25 December 2021", - "confidence": 0.5125622153282166, - "start": 492, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population estimates", - "confidence": 0.725774884223938, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9825409054756165, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7dd6a9d-f786-3d1e-9704-4b563a7c5e72/Afghanistan_factsheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_241/raw/doc_241_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_241/raw/doc_241_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5a2ac3125014d0954e4de99994f42a5cb61baf98..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_241/raw/doc_241_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Policy on Alternatives to Camps**\n\n\n## Contents\n\n**Purpose**\n\n\n**Scope**\n\n\n**Rationale**\n\n\n**Objectives**\n\n\n**Relationship to UNHCR\u2019s**\n**Urban Refugee Policy**\n\n\n**Implementation**\n\n\n**Terms and Definitions**\n\n\n## **3** **4** **6** **8** **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Purpose\n\nUNHCR\u2019s policy is to pursue alternatives to camps,\nwhenever possible, while ensuring that refugees are\nprotected and assisted effectively and are able to\nachieve solutions.\n\n\n## Scope\n\nThe Policy on Alternatives to Camps applies in all\nUNHCR operations for refugees and in all phases\nof displacement from contingency planning and\npreparedness to emergency response to stable\nand protracted refugee situations and the pursuit\nof durable solutions. Refugees have a distinct legal\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Policy on Alternatives to Camps**\n\n## Rationale\n\n\nUNHCR is accountable for ensuring that refugees are\nable to access protection and assistance wherever\nthey are living. Millions of refugees have settled\npeacefully outside of camps in both rural and urban\nareas, living on land or in housing that they rent, own\nor occupy informally or in hosting arrangements\nwithin communities or families. Refugee camps\nnevertheless remain an important feature of the\nhumanitarian landscape. Some forty percent of all\nrefugees live in camps, most often because they have\nno alternatives.\n\n\nRefugee camps are diverse. They include planned or\nself-settled camps and settlements or other facilities,\nsuch as collective centres. Camps are locations\nwhere refugees reside and where, in most cases,\nhost governments and humanitarian actors provide\nassistance and services in a centralised manner. The\ndefining characteristic of a camp, however, is typically\nsome degree of limitation on the rights and freedoms\nof refugees and their ability to make meaningful\nchoices about their lives.\n\n\nPursuing alternatives to camps means working to\nremove such restrictions so that refugees have the\npossibility to live with greater dignity, independence\nand normality as members of the community, either\nfrom the beginning of displacement or as soon\nas possible thereafter. The possible alternatives to\ncamps are also as diverse as the refugees and the\ncommunities, cultures and laws and policies of the\ncountries where they reside. They will be defined by\nthe degree to which refugees are able to exercise\ntheir rights, such as the ability to move freely, choose\nwhere to live, work or open a business, cultivate land\nor access protection and services.\n\n\nHost governments may insist upon the establishment\nof camps for reasons of public order or security.\nCamps may be seen as providing better control over\nthe presence and movement of refugees and as a\nway easing the potential for tension between them\nand local communities. Policies restricting refugees\nto camps may also be motivated by concerns that\nrefugees will compete with nationals for limited\neconomic opportunities and scarce resources, such\nas water or land. Host governments may also consider\nthat allowing refugees to settle in communities and\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nparticipate in the economy makes it less likely that\nthey will return home in the future.\n\n\nCamps can also be an essential part of UNHCR\u2019s\noperational response, particularly during emergencies.\nCamps can facilitate the rapid provision of protection\nand life-saving assistance in the event of a large-scale\nrefugee influx. The establishment of camps can also\nfacilitate the identification of people with specific\nneeds and the delivery of services to them. UNHCR\nmay at times agree to support the establishment of\na camp, in order to ensure admission to territory and\naccess to asylum. While camps are an important tool\nfor UNHCR, they nevertheless represent a compromise\nthat limit the rights and freedoms of refugees and\ntoo often remain after the emergency phase and the\nessential reasons for their existence have passed.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s experience has been that camps can have\nsignificant negative impacts over the longer term\nfor all concerned. Living in camps can engender\ndependency and weaken the ability of refugees\nto manage their own lives, which perpetuates the\ntrauma of displacement and creates barriers to\nsolutions, whatever form they take. Camps can also\ndistort local economies and development planning,\nwhile also causing negative environmental impacts in\nthe surrounding area. In some contexts, camps may\nincrease critical protection risks, including sexual\nand gender-based violence (SGBV), child protection\nconcerns and human trafficking. Camps may not\neither contribute to security, where they become\nvenue for the forced recruitment or indoctrination of\nrefugees.\n\n\nFaced with these risks and challenges, many refugees\ndecide to settle outside of camps or designated\nareas. Where this violates national laws and policies,\nrefugees may face serious consequences, such as the\nrisk of detention or the confiscation and destruction\nof property or businesses. Refugees in these\ncircumstances may avoid registering with UNHCR or\neven making contact altogether, placing them beyond\nthe effective reach of UNHCR\u2019s protection.\n\n\nEnabling refugees to reside in communities lawfully,\npeacefully and without harassment, whether in\nurban or in rural areas, supports their ability to take\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "responsibility for their lives and for their families\nand communities. Refugees bring personal skills\nand assets, as well as the qualities of perseverance,\nflexibility and adaptability demonstrated through\ntheir flight and survival. Refugees who have\nmaintained their independence, retained their\nskills and developed sustainable livelihoods will be\nmore resilient and better able to overcome future\nchallenges than if they had spent years dependent\non humanitarian assistance, whatever solutions are\neventually available to them.\n\n\nRefugees can better contribute to the communities\nwhere they are living when they are supported in\nachieving self-reliance in a way that is adapted to\nlocal conditions and markets. In many situations, the\npresence of refugees has stimulated local economies\nand development. Moreover, community-based\nprotection activities and livelihoods and education\nprogrammes that also involve local people can\npromote social cohesion, reduce xenophobic attitudes\nand create a better protection environment. Where\npeople work, study and play together, they are better\nequipped to resolve differences and live peacefully.\n\n\nWhen setting up a refugee camp, UNHCR, host\ngovernments and partners also make significant\ninvestments in infrastructure and systems for the\n\n\n\ndelivery of basic services. The running costs for\nmaintaining and operating these dedicated facilities\nand systems are also considerable and often must\nbe sustained for many years or even decades. These\ninvestments are typically lost when refugees go home,\nparticularly where camps are located in isolated areas\nfar from local communities, so that facilities cannot be\nhanded over to them.\n\n\nBuilding upon and seeking synergies with national\ndevelopment planning, by contributing to local\ninfrastructure and bringing refugees within national\nstructures, such as for education and healthcare, can\nbe a more sustainable and efficient approach. This\navoids the duplication and inefficiencies arising from\nthe creation of dedicated, parallel structures to serve\nrefugees, while also have greater lasting positive\nimpact for host communities. UNHCR will always\nretain its accountability for ensuring that the needs of\nrefugees are met, but camps are not the only, or often,\nthe best mechanism for the delivery of services.\n\n\nGovernment in many countries hosting refugees have\nconcluded that the disadvantages of camps outweigh\nthe justifications. They have decided not to establish\ncamps. Alternatives to camps exist today and the\npurpose of the policy is to build upon and expand\nsuch good practices.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Policy on Alternatives to Camps**\n\n## Objectives\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s policy is to avoid the establishment of\nrefugee camps, wherever possible, while pursuing\nalternatives to camps that ensure refugees are\nprotected and assisted effectively and enabled to\nachieve solutions. Although many governments\nrequire that refugees reside in camps and, at the onset\nof an emergency, UNHCR may also find it necessary\nto set up camps to ensure protection and save lives,\ncamps should be the exception and, to the extent\npossible, a temporary measure.\n\n\nWhere camps must be established or where they\nalready exist, UNHCR will plan and implement the\noperational response in a way that enables camps to\nbe phased out at the earliest possible stage. Where\nthis is not possible or practical, UNHCR will pursue\nthe progressive removal of restrictions on the ability\nof refugees to exercise their rights and seek to build\nlinkages between the camp and host communities\nand anchor the camp within the local economy,\ninfrastructure and national social protection and\nservice delivery systems, in order to transform them\ninto sustainable settlements.\n\n\n6\n\n\n## Relationship to the Urban Refugee Policy\n\nThe 2009 _UNHCR policy on refugee protection and_\n_solutions in urban areas_ (the \u201curban refugee policy\u201d)\nhad two principal objectives: ensuring that cities\nare recognised as legitimate places for refugees\nto reside and exercise their rights and maximising\nthe protection space available to urban refugees\nand the humanitarian organisations that support\nthem. The urban refugee policy responded to the\nreality that more than half of all refugees today\nare living in urban areas and recognised a shift\naway from giving primary attention to refugees\naccommodated in camps.\n\n\nThe Policy on Alternatives to Camps refocuses\nattention on refugees living in camps and extends\nthe principal objectives of the urban refugee\npolicy to all operational contexts. The urban\nrefugee policy noted that it is usually taken for\ngranted that camp-based refugees will receive\nindefinite assistance if they are unable to engage\nin agriculture or other economic activities. The\npolicy on alternatives to camps challenges this\nassumption and calls for UNHCR to work decisively\ntoward the removal of obstacles to the exercise\nof rights and achieving self-reliance, with a view\nto making what UNHCR historically called \u201ccare\nand maintenance\u201d programmes increasingly rare\nexceptions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The key principles underpinning the urban\nrefugee policy inform UNHCR\u2019s efforts to pursue\nalternatives to camps. Importantly, under both\npolicies, UNHCR will be guided at all times by\naccountability to refugees, protection from sexual\nexploitation and abuse, and considerations of\nage, gender and diversity, including ethnicity,\nreligion, sexual orientation, gender identity and\nother personal attributes, which play a central role\nin shaping and influencing individual needs and\nprotection risks.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Policy on Alternatives to Camps\nincorporates the urban refugee policy\u2019s\ncommitments to refugee rights, state\nresponsibility, partnership, needs assessment,\nequity, community orientation, interaction with\nrefugees and, importantly, self-reliance. Many of\nthe comprehensive protection strategies that\nUNHCR set out in the urban refugee policy will also\nbe relevant when pursuing alternatives to camps.\n\n\n\nSince the urban refugee policy was issued in 2009,\nUNHCR and partner agencies have developed and\nadapted strategies, operational guidance, tools\nand good practices to respond to displacement\nin cities, most of which can be utilised to support\nalternatives to camps in other operational contexts.\n\n\nAs with the urban refugee policy, UNHCR can only\nachieve the objectives of the policy on alternatives\nto camps with the engagement and support of all\npartners and stakeholders, including refugee and\nhost communities, government authorities at all\nlevels, non-governmental and community-based\norganisations and other civil society actors, UN\nagencies and other international organisations and\ndevelopment partners.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Policy on Alternatives to Camps**\n\n\nThe urban refugee policy highlights several\nchallenges that are also important in the broader\ncontext of alternatives to camps and must be\nreflected in UNHCR\u2019s strategic and operational\nplanning. The urban refugee policy, for example,\nrecognises the considerable pressures that large\nrefugee populations may place on resources and\nservices that already strain to meet the needs\nof local people. In both urban and non-urban\nenvironments, making contact with dispersed\npopulations and understanding and responding\nto their needs presents challenges that must be\novercome.\n\n\nAs with the urban refugee policy, building\nrefugee self-reliance and access to sustainable\nlivelihoods activities is a cornerstone of the policy\non alternatives to camps and will be a key factor in\nsuccessful implementation. UNHCR operations will\nneed to bear in mind the call in the urban refugee\npolicy for a level of realism regarding the potential\nfor refugees to become independent in situations\nwhere legal restrictions and social, economic and\nracial discrimination impact on their ability to\naccess economic opportunity.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n## Implementation\n\nThe Policy on Alternatives to Camps establishes an\naccountability for UNHCR operations in the field to\nmake strategic and determined best efforts to pursue\nalternatives to camps, under the overall strategic\ndirection of the Regional Bureaux and with the\nsupport of the relevant Divisions at Headquarters.\nThe policy also calls for UNHCR to adapt systems,\nprocedures and approaches and develop new skills,\ncapacities, competencies and partnerships across\nthe protection, programme management and\nemergency response functions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Implementation of the policy requires UNHCR\noperations to undertake an in-depth analysis of\nthe potential for pursuing alternatives to camps\nwhen undertaking contingency planning and\nemergency preparedness actions for a possible\nfuture refugee influx and also in relation to existing\nrefugee camps or camp-like facilities or structures.\nProgramme design, including advocacy priorities,\nwill be determined by the particular circumstances\nof each operation. The framework for analysis\nmust be comprehensive and should include the\nfollowing considerations:\n\n\n- - the perspectives and intentions of both\nrefugee and host communities, the history of\ndisplacement, political context and outlook\nfor solutions;\n\n\n- - national laws, policies and practices in relation\nto the protection of refugees, including\nrestrictions on the exercise of rights and\nfreedoms;\n\n\n- - the protection situation in the area of\ndisplacement, including security conditions\nand specific needs and risks, such as child\nprotection and SGBV;\n\n\n- - the scale of displacement, demographic\nprofile of the refugee and host populations\nand current standards in the communities in\nkey areas, such as healthcare and education;\n\n\n- - the national and local economy and the\nopportunities for refugees to become selfreliant, build sustainable livelihoods and\ncontribute to the community;\n\n\n- - national and local social programmes and\nservice delivery structures and communitybased organisations and their capacity to\nmeet the needs of refugees;\n\n\n- - national and local development planning in\nthe area of displacement and the potential\nareas of alignment and opportunities for\nsynergies; and\n\n\n\n\n- - the presence and activities of UN agencies\nand other development and humanitarian\npartners, non-governmental organisations,\ncommunity-based organisations and the\nprivate sector and their potential to support\nalternatives to camps.\n\n\nThe pursuit of alternatives to camps represents a\nfundamentally important policy orientation for\nUNHCR. At the same time, UNHCR works within the\nframework of national law and policy in countries\nhosting refugees, which in some cases will present\nfundamental obstacles to implementation of the\npolicy. Avoiding the establishment of camps or\nthe early phasing out of existing camps will not be\npossible or practical in all situations. Implementation\nof the policy will necessarily be progressive and will\nproceed at different speeds in UNHCR operations\nglobally.\n\n\nAlternatives to camps should ultimately be more\nsustainable and cost-effective, because they harness\nthe potential of refugees, rationalise service delivery\nand allow for more targeted assistance to those most\nin need. Achieving these objectives, however, may\nrequire greater early investments, in order to realise such\nefficiencies later. Making alternatives to camps work\nalso calls for strengthened protection outreach and\nmonitoring which may be more labour and resourceintensive than in a camp setting. These increased costs,\nhowever, should be offset by the reductions in direct\nassistance, as more refugees become self-reliant and are\nable to meet their own basic needs.\n\n\nThe policy on alternatives to camps is expected to\nhave a transformational impact. To implement the\npolicy, UNHCR must work along several lines of action,\nincluding by:\n\n\n**Consulting with refugees** **and host**\n**communities** and taking the time needed to\nunderstand their intentions, aspirations, conditions\nand concerns through continuing, direct interaction\nand structured participatory assessments using\nthe age, gender and diversity approach, adapted\nas necessary to overcome the challenges that arise\nwhen people are not consolidated in camps.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Promoting an enabling protection**\n**environment** where the legal, policy and\nadministrative framework of the host country\nprovide refugees with freedom of movement and\nresidence, permission to work and access to basic\nservices and social \u201csafety nets\u201d as members of the\ncommunities where they are living.\n\n\n**Developing advocacy strategies** that respond to\nthe perspectives and concerns of host governments\nand communities and complement appeals to state\nresponsibility and a rights-based approach with policy\narguments, based upon research, data and evidence,\nthat alternatives to camps produce better outcomes\nfor both refugees and the host communities.\n\n\n**Reinforcing contingency planning and**\n**emergency preparedness** to facilitate alternatives\nto camps, including an assessment of national legal\nand policy frameworks, the capacity of communities\nand the local economy, infrastructure, administrative\nstructures, service delivery systems, housing, land,\nwater and the key interventions that will be needed\nto absorb a refugee influx, working together with\ngovernment authorities at all levels and the potential\nof host communities.\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n**Achieving synergies with national development**\n**planning** and international development\ncooperation, through such processes as Delivering as\nOne, the UN Development Assistance Framework and\nCommon Country Assessments, Poverty Reduction\nStrategy Papers and Joint Programmes, in order to\nachieve efficiencies and greater lasting impact for\nrefugees and host communities, including in areas\nsuch as education, healthcare, nutrition, water,\nsanitation, housing, energy and employment.\n\n\n**Planning on the basis of data, information and**\n**analysis** related to refugees and host communities\nobtained through protection monitoring, profiling\nexercises, registration, including the systematic use of\nbiometrics, and vulnerability assessment, as well as\nmonitoring and surveillance of public health, nutrition\nand sanitation conditions, supported by effective\ninformation management systems, and the better use of\navailable macro-economic and community-level data.\n\n\n**Updating protection and programme**\n**management** policies, operational guidance and\ntools to meet the challenges of assessment and\ntargeting assistance and establishing standards\nand indicators for monitoring, measuring progress\nand reporting on results when populations are not\nconsolidated in camps, as well as parameters for\nUNHCR support to host communities and frameworks\nfor implementing multi-year strategies and area-based\napproaches, where outcomes depend not only on\nUNHCR but, importantly, upon the contributions of\nhost government and development partners.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Common Country Assessments", - "confidence": 0.885334312915802, - "start": 230, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host communities", - "confidence": 0.9935067892074585, - "start": 252, - "end": 256 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information management systems", - "confidence": 0.8730385899543762, - "start": 341, - "end": 344 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host communities", - "confidence": 0.8720424771308899, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Strengthening community-based protection**,\nmonitoring, outreach and case management, including\nincreased direct engagement with refugee and host\ncommunities, through mobile monitoring teams,\ncommunity centres, the co-location of government,\nUNHCR and partner services (\u201cone-stop shops\u201d) and the\nuse of virtual platforms to facilitate information sharing\nand two-way communication, in order to overcome\nthe challenges that arise when refugees are not\nconsolidated in camps and to ensure that refugees with\nspecific needs and vulnerabilities, child protection risks\nand SGBV issues do not remain hidden.\n\n\n**Adapting service delivery** in areas such as\neducation, public health, nutrition, water and\nsanitation to support alternatives to camps and\nneeds of refugees living in host communities\nthrough mainstreaming within national, local\nand community-based systems and structures\nand the further development of new models and\napproaches, such as the use of mobile teams,\nenhanced referral mechanisms, enrolment of\nrefugees in health insurance schemes, expanded\naccess to distance learning programmes and the\ngreater use of cash-based interventions.\n\n\n**Developing settlement and shelter responses**\nthat enable refugees to settle in communities\nor facilitate the transformation of camps into\nsustainable settlements that are anchored within\nthe framework of national development planning\nand housing, land and property laws and are\nlinked to host communities and the local economy,\nmarkets, infrastructure and service delivery systems,\nsuch that they require only limited humanitarian\nsupport.\n\n\n\n**Enabling refugees to build sustainable**\n**livelihoods** and achieve self-reliance, including food\nsecurity, through programmes that promote access\nto land and agricultural production, and relevant\neducation, training and support that enable refugees\nto access employment and self-employment\nopportunities through market-based livelihoods\nstrategies that are informed by professional\nassessments and analysis of the economy, markets\nand the skills, assets and potential of refugees.\n\n\n**Maximizing mobility** to allow refugees greater\naccess to employment and education and possibilities\nto build their livelihoods assets and skills and to send\nremittances, including through regional frameworks\nthat facilitate the movement of labour, in order to\npromote dignity, the enjoyment of basic rights and to\nensure that refugees are better prepared to achieve\ndurable solutions.\n\n\n**Engaging with national authorities** at all levels\nto ensure that legitimate security issues can be\naddressed effectively through alternatives to camps\nand that protection concerns are addressed in a\nmanner that respects the specific status and rights\nof refugees, as distinct from other non-nationals,\nwhile also working closely with refugees to reinforce\nunderstanding of their rights, responsibilities and\nobligation to respect the laws of the host country.\n\n\n**Creating adapted partnership models** that\nexpand collaboration with relevant national line\nministries, municipal and local government authorities,\nnational and international NGOs, community-based\norganizations and other civil society actors and the\nprivate sector, as well as with development-oriented\nUN agencies and other, including UNDP, WFP UNICEF,\nWHO, ILO, FAO, IFAD and the World Bank, both globally\nand through their national programmes, within the\nframework of UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Coordination Model\nand with the objective of complementing, reinforcing\nand creating synergies with UNHCR\u2019s humanitarian\nprogrammes.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Terms and Definitions\n\n**Camp**\nFor the purposes of this policy, a camp is any\npurpose-built, planned and managed location\nor spontaneous settlement where refugees\nare accommodated and receive assistance and\nservices from government and humanitarian\nagencies. The defining characteristic of a camp, as\nhighlighted in paragraph 3.2 of the policy, is some\ndegree of limitation on the rights and freedoms\nof refugees, such as their ability to move freely,\nchoose where to live, work or open a business,\ncultivate land or access protection and services.\n\n\n**Alternatives to Camps**\nAlternatives to camps are achieved when UNHCR\nis able to ensure that refugees are protected\nand assisted effectively and are able to achieve\nsolutions without resorting to the establishment of\ncamps and when existing camps are phased out\nor transformed into sustainable settlements. From\nthe perspective of refugees, alternatives to camps\nmeans being able to exercise rights and freedoms,\nmake meaningful choices regarding their lives and\nhave the possibility to live with greater dignity,\nindependence and normality as members of\ncommunities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f34f7914-e595-3359-b5d5-be512ea5c8c6/Alternativestocamps.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_242/raw/doc_242_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_242/raw/doc_242_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c68bf027172e79b0eeeeeee997139d928893b6cb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_242/raw/doc_242_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Chiffres-cl\u00e9s (B\u00e9nin, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Togo)\n\n10,090 repr\u00e9sentants des m\u00e9nages\ninterrog\u00e9s, dont 66 % en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire,\n31 % au B\u00e9nin et 3% au Togo.\n\n\n93% repr\u00e9sentants des m\u00e9nages\ninterrog\u00e9s ont travers\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re avec\ndes membres de leur famille\n\n\n51,834 nombre total de personnes\ncomposant les m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s\u00b9\n\n\n79% des membres des m\u00e9nages\ninterrog\u00e9s\u00b9 sont des femmes et des\nenfants\u00b9.\n\n\n24% des m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s\u00b9 provenant\ndu Burkina Faso sont originaires de la\nr\u00e9gion des Cascades.\n\n\n4% des m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s\u00b9 \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur pays\nd\u2019origine avant de franchir une fronti\u00e8re.\n\n\n_\u00b9 Les \"_ _m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s_ _\" comprennent les demandeurs d'asile ainsi_\n_que les membres de leur famille, et/ou, de leur foyer._\n\n\n## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n### CONTEXTE\n\nLe d\u00e9bordement de la crise du Sahel Central pousse les populations\naffect\u00e9es \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer massivement. Depuis le d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e\n2021, selon le HCR, plus de 154,000 personnes, principalement\noriginaires du Burkina Faso, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es au d\u00e9placement vers\ndes pays c\u00f4tiers du Golfe de Guin\u00e9e tels que le B\u00e9nin, la C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire, le Ghana et le Togo. Ceci, notamment en raison de\nl'escalade des conflits arm\u00e9s, de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la violence\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9e par des groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00c9tatiques (GANE). \u00c0 la date du\n31 octobre 2024, 82% (soit 126,023) de l\u2019ensemble de ces personnes\navaient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es individuellement et de mani\u00e8re\nbiom\u00e9trique par les Gouvernements de ces quatre pays c\u00f4tiers. La\nmajorit\u00e9 de ces personnes (79%), demanderesses d'asile, sont des\nfemmes et des enfants.\n\nL'arriv\u00e9e de ces populations engendre une pression importante\nsur les services sociaux de base dans le nord du B\u00e9nin, de la C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire et du Togo, o\u00f9 les infrastructures scolaires et sanitaires sont\nsouvent ferm\u00e9es et/ou fonctionnent \u00e0 minima. Les communaut\u00e9s\naccueillant ces populations doivent \u00e9galement g\u00e9rer des urgences\nde sant\u00e9 publique et des catastrophes naturelles, telles que des\ninondations, en plus de l'accueil g\u00e9n\u00e9reux qu\u2019elles offrent aux\ndemandeurs d'asile. Dans ce contexte, la mise en \u0153uvre du Projet\n21 (P21) est essentielle pour coordonner les interventions de\nprotection aupr\u00e8s des populations affect\u00e9es, notamment afin de\nrenforcer les capacit\u00e9s locales et pour garantir l'acc\u00e8s aux services\nessentiels pour les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force et les\ncommunaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Depuis octobre 2023, les besoins prioritaires\nidentifi\u00e9s incluent l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau, \u00e0 l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et \u00e0 l'assainissement,\n(WASH), la protection de l'enfance et les services d'\u00e9ducation. Des\nefforts conjoints permettront de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces besoins imm\u00e9diats\net de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et h\u00f4tes.\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n### ANALYSE DES D\u00c9PLACEMENTS DE POPULATION ET DES D\u00c9FIS DE PROTECTION\n\nBien qu\u2019une l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9duction du nombre de d\u00e9placements de population en provenance du Sahel Central ait \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e ; le\nB\u00e9nin, la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et le Togo continuent de faire face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis de protection \u00e0 long-terme. Cette situation est\nexacerb\u00e9e par la position g\u00e9ographique de ces pays, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des zones de transit pour les populations fuyant les\nconflits du Sahel Central, et \u00e9galement confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des fronti\u00e8res.\n\nPlus de la moiti\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des demandeurs d'asile (environ 53%) accueillis par les pays c\u00f4tiers n'ont aucune\nintention de retourner dans leur pays d'origine. Ceci concerne 62% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile interrog\u00e9s au B\u00e9nin,\n50% en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et 46% au Togo. Cette r\u00e9ticence pourrait s'expliquer par l'instabilit\u00e9 persistante au Sahel Central, en\nparticulier dans les zones les plus affect\u00e9es par les conflits (telles que le Burkina Faso). Les d\u00e9clarations des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile semblent ainsi n\u00e9cessiter un soutien \u00e0 long terme dans leurs pays d'accueil.\n\n\n\nRaison(s) de quitter le pays d\u2019origine\n\u00e9voqu\u00e9es par les demandeurs d\u2019asile et\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\nConflit arm\u00e9/Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e\n\n\n\n38.2%\n\n\n\nIntentions de retour des demandeurs\nd\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\nNon Oui Pas de d\u00e9cision Je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re ne pas r\u00e9pondre\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPr\u00e9sence des GANE\n\nCrainte de pers\u00e9cution\n\nPers\u00e9cution individuelle\n\nConflit inter communautaire\n\nMoyens de subsistance limit\u00e9s\n\nRessources limit\u00e9es\n\nAutres\n\nCatastrophe naturelle\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nB\u00e9nin C\u00f4te d'Ivoire Togo Moyenne\n\nL\u2019extorsion, l\u2019exigence de documents civils et d\u2019identit\u00e9 et l\u2019exploitation \u00e9conomique\ncomme principaux risques de protection\n\nL'extorsion, l'exigence de documents personnels et l'exploitation pouvant survenir au cours des d\u00e9placements demeurent des\nd\u00e9fis majeurs ; et plus particuli\u00e8rement en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, o\u00f9 20,4% des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es ont signal\u00e9 des\nincidents d'extorsion, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest du pays. Les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans ces r\u00e9gions sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables en raison de l'acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux services sociaux et de risques d\u2019exploitation \u00e9conomique. La\npopulation d'accueil fait face \u00e0 une v\u00e9ritable pression ; les infrastructures locales \u00e9tant incapables de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l'afflux\ncroissant de populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, aggravant ainsi les risques d'exploitation auxquelles ces derni\u00e8res sont confront\u00e9es.\n\nParall\u00e8lement, les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au B\u00e9nin et au Togo font face \u00e0 des obstacles administratifs, tels que les exigences\nde documents civils et d\u2019identit\u00e9. Environ 30,1% et 19,1% des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es signalent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0\nobtenir les documents n\u00e9cessaires pour se d\u00e9placer et/ou acc\u00e9der aux syst\u00e8mes d'asile. Ces signalements sont plus\nfr\u00e9quents dans les zones de transit pr\u00e8s des fronti\u00e8res Nord, o\u00f9 les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es subissent souvent de longs d\u00e9lais\npour acc\u00e9der aux services d'assistance. Malgr\u00e9 cela, 55,6% des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es dans ces trois pays, d\u00e9clarent\nne rencontrer aucun obstacle majeur pendant leurs d\u00e9placements.\n\n\n\nDifficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re par les demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\nB\u00e9nin C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire Togo Moyenne\n\n\n\nB\u00e9nin\n\n\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\n\n\nTogo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "d\u00e9clarations des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile", - "confidence": 0.9423022270202637, - "start": 216, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile", - "confidence": 0.8121184706687927, - "start": 158, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es", - "confidence": 0.6032683253288269, - "start": 510, - "end": 513 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7911573648452759, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es", - "confidence": 0.5221655368804932, - "start": 551, - "end": 553 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n\nDes risques de tensions communautaires li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pression sur les ressources naturelles\n\nDans les r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest de la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, les ressources sont de plus en plus sous pression, notamment en raison\nde la forte implication des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans des activit\u00e9s agricoles et d'autres activit\u00e9s productrices li\u00e9es au\ntravail des sols et de la terre. Ceci contribue \u00e0 des tensions autour de l\u2019acc\u00e8s et de l\u2019utilisation de la terre et des ressources\nnaturelles entre les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Alors que ces communaut\u00e9s se disputent l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une\nquantit\u00e9 de terres exploitables d\u00e9j\u00e0 limit\u00e9e, le risque de tensions sociales et de conflits potentiels augmente, mettant\ndavantage en danger les groupes vuln\u00e9rables, notamment les femmes, les enfants et autres personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n\nLa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de strat\u00e9gies d\u2019inclusion et de solutions \u00e0 long-terme\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ne manifestant aucune intention de retourner dans leur pays d\u2019origine, les\ngouvernements de la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, du B\u00e9nin et du Togo devraient se concentrer sur des strat\u00e9gies d'inclusion des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans leurs plans nationaux de d\u00e9veloppement, ainsi que de l\u2019inclusion \u00e9conomique de ces\npopulations sur le long terme. Dans ces trois pays, les efforts doivent progressivement transiter de l\u2019apport de r\u00e9ponses\nd'urgence \u00e0 des solutions durables, \u00e0 m\u00eame de favoriser la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\nDes strat\u00e9gies d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de gestion des ressources naturelles dans des r\u00e9gions telles que celles situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest de la C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire, au Nord du B\u00e9nin et du Togo, s'av\u00e8rent \u00e9galement cruciales pour pr\u00e9venir de nouvelles tensions entre les\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les communaut\u00e9s qui les accueillent. Le renforcement des structures de gouvernance locale et\nl'am\u00e9lioration de la coordination entre les autorit\u00e9s nationales et les organisations humanitaires seront essentielles pour y\ncontribuer de mani\u00e8re efficace. Concernant ces probl\u00e9matiques, l\u2019inaction exacerbera davantage les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, notamment face aux risques d'exploitation \u00e9conomique, et aux autres risques de protection pouvant\n\u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par la recherche d\u2019un acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles, et/ou, la d\u00e9gradation des relations entre communaut\u00e9s.\n### ACC\u00c8S \u00c0 LA DOCUMENTATION CIVILE\n\nD\u00e9clarations de possession de documents individuels des demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\nOui (66%) Non (34%)\n\n\nTypes de documents poss\u00e9d\u00e9s par les demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\nCarte d\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale\n\n\nAttestation de demandeur d\u2019asile\n\n\nActe de naissance\n\n\nCarte de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\nCertificat de nationalit\u00e9\n\n\nCarte consulaire\n\n\nAttestation d\u2019identit\u00e9\n\n\nAutre \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser\n\n\nCertificat de naissance\n\n\nPasseport\n\n\nJe pr\u00e9f\u00e8re ne pas r\u00e9pondre\n\n\n\nB\u00e9nin\n\n\n\nTogo\n\n\n2.3%\n\n\n0.8%\n\n\n3.0%\n\n\n2.3%\n\n\n4.8%\n\n\n\n\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\n\n12%\n\n\n0.02%\n\n\n0.02%\n\n\n0.6%\n\n\n0.4%\n\n\n0.5%\n\n\n0.3%\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n\n14.0%\n\n\n11.8%\n\n\n\nMoyenne\n\n\n11.6%\n\n\n19.7%\n\n\n5.1%\n\n\n1.1%\n\n\n0.7%\n\n\n1.3%\n\n\n1.1%\n\n\n1.8%\n\n\n0.04%\n\n\n0.04%\n\n\n\n32.1%\n\n\n29.0%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTypes de documents d\u00e9livr\u00e9s dans le pays d\u2019asile aux demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\n\n\n35.8%\n\n\n16.9%\n\n\n12.7%\n\n\n16.6\n\n%\n\n\n14.4\n\n%\n\n\n\n57.6%\n\n\n43.7%\n\n\n23.9%\n\n\n\nAucun\n\n\nPreuve d'enregistrement\n\n\nCertificat de demandeur\n\nd'asile\n\n\nAutre \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser\n\n\nCertificat de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\nCarte de distribution de\n\nvivre\n\n\n\nTogo\n\n\n3.5%\n\n\n\n\n\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\n\n7.6%\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\n0.6%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\n\n91.7%\n\n\n\n\n\nMoyenne\n\n\n11.1%\n\n\n9.4%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n~~_Les proportions importantes relatant qu\u2019aucun document n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9 en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (91,7%) et au B\u00e9nin (54,9%) sont dues au fait que les entretiens de monitoring de_~~\n_protection analyses aient \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avant l\u2019ach\u00e8vement des processus d'enregistrement des personnes int\u00e9rog\u00e9es comme demandeurs d\u2019asile._\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n### PERCEPTIONS ET PR\u00c9VALENCE DES RESTRICTIONS DE MOUVEMENT\n\n27,3% des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es signalent fr\u00e9quemment des restrictions de movement, majoritairement\ndues aux activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les pays d'asile et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s/mines/munitions nonexplos\u00e9es (21,8%). Bien que la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, le Togo et le B\u00e9nin soient moins affect\u00e9s par l\u2019activisme des GANE et la menace\nexplosive, par rapport \u00e0 leurs voisins du Sahel, ces craintes semblent souvent refl\u00e9ter les dangers rencontr\u00e9s par les\npersonnes interrog\u00e9es dans leur pays d'origine, tels que le Burkina Faso et le Mali.\n\n\nL\u2019influence des exp\u00e9riences v\u00e9cues sur les perceptions des personnes interrog\u00e9es\n\nLes facteurs qui influencent ces perceptions s\u00e9curitaires incluent :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des menaces per\u00e7ues dans les pays d\u2019asile\n\nCertaines menaces existent r\u00e9ellement dans les zones frontali\u00e8res du B\u00e9nin, touch\u00e9es par l\u2019expansion des GANE, ainsi que\npar la pr\u00e9sence localis\u00e9e d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s/mines/munitions non-explos\u00e9es (Sources : UNHCR, ICRC).\nEn C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, ces risques sont plus faibles. N\u00e9anmoins, certaines r\u00e9gions frontali\u00e8res, notamment situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest,\npourraient encore abriter des munitions non explos\u00e9es issues de conflits pass\u00e9s. Ainsi, bien que les peurs des demandeurs\nd\u2019asile et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s interrog\u00e9s puissent \u00eatre amplifi\u00e9e par leurs exp\u00e9riences pass\u00e9es, ces derni\u00e8res sont \u00e9galement nourries\npar des risques r\u00e9els, mais localis\u00e9s, dans certaines r\u00e9gions des pays d'asile.\n\n\n\nCauses des restrictions de mouvement selon les demandeurs\nd\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n### RISQUES DE VIOLENCES BAS\u00c9ES SUR LE GENRE (VBG)\n\nCons\u00e9quence du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration du tissu social\n\nLes donn\u00e9es relatant la mani\u00e8re dont les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au B\u00e9nin, en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et au Togo sont affect\u00e9es par\ndes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une pr\u00e9valence particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9e de mariages pr\u00e9coces (20,5%),\nde violences domestiques (14,2%), ainsi que d\u2019agressions sexuelles (10%). Ces r\u00e9sultats ne sont pas simplement le reflet de\nnormes culturelles pr\u00e9existantes \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e dans ces trois pays, mais \u00e9galement des cons\u00e9quences directes\ndu d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9, de la d\u00e9structuration des moyens d\u2019existence et de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des structures sociales.\n\nLes mariages pr\u00e9coces apparaissent souvent comme un m\u00e9canisme d'adaptation nocif pour les familles en situation de\ncrise, qui, confront\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, se r\u00e9signent \u00e0 marier leurs filles (m\u00eame malgr\u00e9 leur jeune \u00e2ge) pour r\u00e9duire le nombre de\npersonnes \u00e0 charge. Dans des environnements instables, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est exacerb\u00e9 par la d\u00e9structuration du lien social\net la perte des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9gulation sociale et communautaires, qui, dans des circonstances normales, auraient\npermis de pr\u00e9venir et d\u2019att\u00e9nuer ces risques.\n\n\nEndroits et activit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9s dangereux pour les femmes et les filles demandeurs d\u2019asile et\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9es\n\n\n\nEn allant chercher du bois/de l\u2019eau\n\nLoin de la communaut\u00e9\n\nDans les champs\n\nDans certaines rues\n\nDans certains blocs du camp\n\nMaison\n\nAutre \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser\n\nMarch\u00e9\n\nService de l'Etat et administration publique\n\nLatrines\n\nServices de sant\u00e9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Ces activit\u00e9s m\u00e8nent souvent les femmes et les filles dans des zones \u00e9loign\u00e9es de leurs communaut\u00e9s, et non surveill\u00e9es, o\u00f9 isol\u00e9es, elles sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques_\n_accrus de violence, d\u2019abus, d\u2019exploitation, voire d'attaques en raison de leur genre._\n\n\nTypes de risques de VBG mena\u00e7ant les femmes et les filles demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n### ACC\u00c8S \u00c0 L\u2019\u00c9DUCATION\n\n43,4% des familles demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es d\u00e9clarent que le manque de ressources financi\u00e8res constitue le\nprincipal obstacle \u00e0 la scolarisation de leurs enfants. Cela refl\u00e8te directement la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique \u00e0 laquelle sont\nconfront\u00e9es les familles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es d\u00e8s leur arriv\u00e9e. Beaucoup de ces familles arrivent avec tr\u00e8s peu de ressources financi\u00e8res,\nce qui les contraint \u00e0 travailler dans des emplois faiblement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s ou informels pour subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins imm\u00e9diats,\nnotamment la nourriture et le logement. Ceci contribue par ailleurs \u00e0 les exposer \u00e0 des risques d\u2019exploitation \u00e9conomique. En\ncons\u00e9quence, 13,6% des enfants ne sont pas scolaris\u00e9s parce qu\u2019ils doivent travailler pour soutenir leur famille, souvent\ndans les secteurs de l'agriculture et/ou du commerce informel, o\u00f9 le travail des enfants est fr\u00e9quent. Cette situation exacerbe\nleur exposition aux risques de protection, car les enfants qui entrent dans le march\u00e9 du travail sont \u00e9galement plus expos\u00e9s\n\u00e0 l'exploitation \u00e9conomique, aux abus, \u00e0 la violence, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la traite des personnes.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, des facteurs structurels tels que la fermeture des \u00e9coles (4,6%), et/ou la d\u00e9scolarisation prolong\u00e9e due aux\nconflits et/ou aux d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s (9,4%) aggravent ces d\u00e9fis. Enfin, le manque de stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et sociale\ninduits par le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 emp\u00eache les familles de soutenir l'\u00e9ducation de leurs enfants, ce qui perp\u00e9tue des cycles de\npauvret\u00e9 et limite leurs futures opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nProportion d\u2019enfants demandeurs d\u2019asile et\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s scolaris\u00e9s dans le pays d\u2019asile\n\n\nScolaris\u00e9 Non Scolaris\u00e9\n\n\n\nType d\u2019\u00e9cole fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e par les enfants\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le pays\n\n\n\n\n\nB\u00e9nin\n\n\nC\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire\n\n\nTogo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRaisons emp\u00eachant les enfants demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019aller \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## ANALYSE DE PROTECTION\n\nBUREAU MULTI-PAYS DU HCR EN C\u00d4TE D\u2019IVOIRE\n\nOctobre 2023 \u2013 Octobre 2024\n\n\n### ACC\u00c8S AUX SERVICES ESSENTIELS\n\n\n\n\u00c9quilibrer les besoins imm\u00e9diats et \u00e0 long terme des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nau B\u00e9nin, en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et au Togo\nServices de base accessibles aux demandeurs\n\nParmi les besoins prioritaires cit\u00e9s par les demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\nParmi les besoins prioritaires cit\u00e9s par les demandeurs\nd\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les abris constituent la priorit\u00e9 la plus\nurgente (25%), refl\u00e9tant leurs conditions de vie\npr\u00e9caires dans les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, centres de transit,\net/ou lorsqu\u2019h\u00e9berg\u00e9s au sein des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Bien\nque l'assistance d'urgence en mati\u00e8re de logement et de\nnourriture soit essentielle pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins\nimm\u00e9diats, une approche qui se concentrerait uniquement\nsur ces solutions \u00e0 court terme ne leur permettrait pas de\nse reconstruire de mani\u00e8re autonome sur le long terme.\n\nL'acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels tels que l'\u00e9ducation et\nles soins de sant\u00e9 est crucial pour assurer une stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0\nlong-terme. Cependant, les lacunes dans ces secteurs, en\nparticulier l'\u00e9ducation, exposent les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0\nun risque de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 prolong\u00e9e. Combler ces\nlacunes est essentiel pour briser les cycles de d\u00e9pendance, et\noffrir des opportunit\u00e9s aux demandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nnotamment aux femmes et aux filles, pour \u00e9viter des risques\nd\u2019exploitation, d\u2019abus et/ou de mariage pr\u00e9coce.\n\n\n\nAbris\n\n\nWASH\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nSant\u00e9 et Nutrition\n\n\nVivres\n\n\nArticles M\u00e9nagers\nEssentiels\n\n\nAucun\n\n\nAutres\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDes d\u00e9placements secondaires engendr\u00e9s par le manque de solutions durables\n\nLa recherche continue d'acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels tels que l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9, et l\u2019h\u00e9bergement pousse souvent les\nfamilles de demandeurs d\u2019asile et de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 entreprendre des d\u00e9placements secondaires. Ces mouvements constants\nd\u00e9stabilisent davantage leur situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9caire. Cependant, l\u2019absence de services facilement et r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement\naccessibles dans les pays d\u2019accueil, en particulier en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9ducation et de sant\u00e9, maintient ces populations dans\nune vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 prolong\u00e9e. Ce cycle de d\u00e9placements r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs renforce les risques de protection, notamment pour\nles enfants priv\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9cole pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes, augmentant leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque nouveau d\u00e9placement. Les\ndonn\u00e9es indiquent que 35,9% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s signalent la cohabitation pacifique avec la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te comme un\nfacteur cl\u00e9 de leur int\u00e9gration. N\u00e9anmoins, l'absence de services essentiels (19,5%) et d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'abri (23,3%) entrave leur\nint\u00e9gration durable au sein de leur pays d\u2019asile.\n\n\n\nSentiment d\u2019int\u00e9gration des demandeurs d\u2019asile\net r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil\n\n\n\nOpportunit\u00e9s d\u2019int\u00e9gration locale des\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\nCohabitation pacifique avec\nla communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'abri\n\n\nProximit\u00e9\nculturelle/linguistique\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s aux services de base\n\n\nAutres\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n\n\nr\u00e9pondre\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDate de cr\u00e9ation : 15 Novembre 2024 - Sources : UNHCR \u2013 Bureau Multi-Pays de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Suivi de la Protection (Projet 21) Avec l\u2019appui de :\n_Pour plus d\u2019information : M. Sulaiman MOMODU, Administrateur Associ\u00e9_ _pour la communication et l\u2019information publique (momodus@unhcr.org)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ba6adeb-a892-45ca-a9dc-c3dfcc604375/Analyse%20de%20Protection%20%5BProjet%2021%5D%20-%20Bureau%20Multi-Pays%20du%20HCR%20en%20Co%CC%82te%20d%27Ivoire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_243/raw/doc_243_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_243/raw/doc_243_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 02d4700bb79a63e4d5631c3f4a07976ae0eac1ea..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_243/raw/doc_243_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Cluster Provincial de l\u2019Ituri**\n\n# **Analyse de protection** **La crise s\u00e9curitaire dans le territoire de Djugu, province de l\u2019Ituri**\n\n\n_**Juin 2019**_\n\n\n**I.** **Contexte s\u00e9curitaire**\n\n\nLe Territoire de Djugu, dans la province de l\u2019Ituri, a \u00e9t\u00e9 plong\u00e9 dans un cycle de violences depuis 2017 et\n\n\nexacerb\u00e9 en 2018 et 2019 suite aux hostilit\u00e9s d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s comme\n\n\n\u00ab assaillants \u00bb et de groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques, notamment les Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), la Force\n\n\nde R\u00e9sistance Patriotique de l'Ituri (FRPI) et des milices Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef. Il faut noter que ces violences se sont\n\n\nexacerb\u00e9es surtout du fait des tensions inter-ethniques entre les Hema et les Lendu, mais plusieurs autres\n\n\nraisons et facteurs viennent se greffer \u00e0 cette lecture qui serait sinon trop r\u00e9ductrice.\n\n\nCes \u00e9v\u00e8nements r\u00e9cents sont la r\u00e9surgence de conflits bien plus anciens et qui ne sont donc toujours pas\n\n\nr\u00e9gl\u00e9s. En effet, \u00ab les plaines de l\u2019Ituri, riches en p\u00e9trole, en bois, en or, en diamants et en coltan, ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nle th\u00e9\u00e2tre de contestations de longue date entre les pasteurs hema et les agriculteurs lendu. La population\n\n\nlendu repr\u00e9sente entre 750 000 et 1 million d\u2019habitants, l\u2019agriculture \u00e9tant leur activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique\n\n\ntraditionnelle. Les Hema, qui comptent entre 300 000 et 400 000 personnes, contr\u00f4lent la plupart des\n\n\nplantations et des ranchs laiss\u00e9s par les colons belges. Au fil du temps, ils ont \u00e9tendu leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\n\n\nfonci\u00e8res, leur p\u00e2turage et leur \u00e9levage \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle \u00e0 Djugu au Nord, \u00e0 Irumu au Sud et le long du lac\n\n\nAlbert \u00e0 l\u2019Est, gr\u00e2ce au soutien des autorit\u00e9s locales et nationales. La demande d\u2019un plus grand acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la\n\n\nterre pour l\u2019\u00e9levage et l\u2019agriculture, la croissance rapide de la population et la diminution de la fertilit\u00e9 et\n\n\nde la disponibilit\u00e9 des terres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre des tensions entre les deux communaut\u00e9s. (\u2026) Cependant,\n\n\nmalgr\u00e9 l\u2019accent mis sur l\u2019ethnicit\u00e9, la crise de l\u2019Ituri est essentiellement politique. Au c\u0153ur, il y a une lutte\n\n\npour le pouvoir entre les \u00e9lites hema et lendu et leurs efforts, ainsi que ceux de leurs alli\u00e9s bas\u00e9s \u00e0\n\n\nKinshasa, pour contr\u00f4ler l\u2019administration et les ressources de la r\u00e9gion [1] . \u00bb\n\n\n1 ACSS - Africa Center for Strategic Studies, _Ituri devient la derni\u00e8re poudri\u00e8re du Congo_, 24 ao\u00fbt 2018,\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/africacenter.org-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/africacenter.org-Ituri%20devient%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20poudri%C3%A8re%20du%20Congo.pdf)\n[Ituri%20devient%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20poudri%C3%A8re%20du%20Congo.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/africacenter.org-Ituri%20devient%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20poudri%C3%A8re%20du%20Congo.pdf)\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 1 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ces deux groupes s\u2019affrontent donc r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement du fait des accusations mutuelles port\u00e9es entre les uns\n\n\net les autres, les Lendu pr\u00e9textant que les Hema seraient de connivence avec les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la\n\n\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) tandis que les Lendu sont accus\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de connivence avec\n\n\nles assaillants. Les FARDC accuseraient \u00e9galement les Lendu d\u2019\u00eatre de connivence avec ces derniers et les\n\n\nop\u00e9rations militaires engag\u00e9es viseraient ces communaut\u00e9s accus\u00e9es de complicit\u00e9 avec les assaillants.\n\n\nCe qui accentue les arrestations arbitraires et les amendes indues contre les Lendu, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un\n\n\nsentiment de m\u00e9fiance des communaut\u00e9s Lendu contre les FARDC, et de ce fait la cr\u00e9ation des groupes\n\n\nd\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense. Ces conflits ont ainsi entrain\u00e9 la mort de plus de 200 civils selon le BCNUDH, des incendies\n\n\nde nombreux villages, la destruction des infrastructures sociales de base, les violations des droits humains,\n\n\ndes mouvements massifs de population \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de Djugu, dans la ville de Bunia et dans d\u2019autres\n\n\nterritoires voisins, notamment en Irumu et Mahagi, ainsi qu\u2019en Ouganda.\n\n\nEn effet les assaillants / pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s hommes arm\u00e9s, attaquaient les positions des forces de l\u2019ordre (FARDC\n\n\net Police Nationale Congolaise - PNC). Des localit\u00e9s \u00e0 forte concentration de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n\n\nsitu\u00e9es dans les zones de Linga, Fataki, Laudjo, Ladedjo, Jiba, soit la r\u00e9gion lacustre dans le Territoire de\n\n\nDjugu, \u00e9taient \u00e0 nouveau attaqu\u00e9es et les populations contraintes \u00e0 de nouvelles vagues de\n\n\nd\u00e9placements, soit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du territoire de Djugu, soit vers d\u2019autres territoires voisins, notamment\n\n\nMahagi, Irumu et d\u2019autres encore ont travers\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re pour trouver refuge en Ouganda. La dynamique\n\n\nde retour amorc\u00e9e en avril 2018 avec les autorit\u00e9s et les acteurs humanitaires connaissait donc une fois\n\n\nde plus un coup d\u2019arr\u00eat, alors que la majorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es s\u2019\u00e9taient exprim\u00e9es en faveur du\n\n\nretour selon le Rapport de Collecte d\u2019intentions de retour \u00e9labor\u00e9 par le HCR et Intersos.\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection s\u2019est encore d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e en mars et d\u00e9but mai 2019 avec le meurtre\n\n\nde quatre officiers des FARDC dans le Territoire de Djugu, des attaques dirig\u00e9es contre des \u00e9coles et des\n\n\ncentres de sant\u00e9, des pillages, des enl\u00e8vements, etc. On assiste depuis \u00e0 de nouvelles vagues de\n\n\nd\u00e9placements dans certaines zones de retour et dans le territoire de Mahagi. Une partie de la Chefferie\n\n\nde Mokambo devient la cible des attaques d\u2019assaillants en provenance du littoral du lac Albert, juste \u00e0 la\n\n\nlimite entre les deux territoires.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente note d\u2019analyse fait un point sur la situation de protection des civils dans ce territoire de la\n\n\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri en proie aux violences arm\u00e9es et ses corolaires, ainsi que pour proposer des\n\n\norientations y relatives en terme de r\u00e9ponses.\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 2 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **Aper\u00e7u de la situation de protection \u00e0 Djugu**\n\n\nDepuis le 21 mai 2019, plusieurs villages sont attaqu\u00e9s, incendi\u00e9s, pill\u00e9s, des civils sont tu\u00e9s et des\n\n\nmouvements massifs de population surviennent. On assiste \u00e0 l\u2019extension de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du\n\n\nTerritoire de Mahagi. Cette nouvelle crise est inqui\u00e9tante et les souvenirs de la vague de violence de 2017\n\n\net 2018 sont encore pr\u00e9sents. Les acteurs humanitaires doivent maintenant faire face \u00e0 une nouvelle crise\n\n\nalors que les ressources ne sont pas suffisantes et que de nombreux besoins restent \u00e0 couvrir pour des\n\n\nmilliers de personnes affect\u00e9es par les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents conflits. Le Territoire de Mahagi, indirectement affect\u00e9\n\n\npar la crise de Djugu depuis d\u00e9cembre 2017, avait servi de refuge \u00e0 plus de 70 000 PDIs (en provenance\n\n\ndu Territoire de Djugu) r\u00e9partis pour la plupart dans des familles d\u2019accueil et dans les sites.\n\n\nDes hommes arm\u00e9s ont attaqu\u00e9 la localit\u00e9 de Blukwa, groupement Buku, chefferie de Bahema Nord,\n\n\nTerritoire de Djugu, le 03 juin 2019. A l\u2019issue de cette attaque, des ch\u00e8vres, vivres et certains biens\n\n\nm\u00e9nagers de la population auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s, avant que les assaillants ne soient repouss\u00e9s par les FARDC.\n\n\nCette situation a provoqu\u00e9 un important d\u00e9placement de population de Blukwa et environs, vers Largu et\n\n\nBunia mais dont l\u2019effectif n\u2019est pas encore connu. Ces attaques se sont intensifi\u00e9es durant la premi\u00e8re\n\n\nquinzaine de juin et se poursuivent au moment de la r\u00e9daction de ce rapport.\n\n\nLa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de la chefferie de Bahema Nord a annonc\u00e9 le 16 juin 2019 qu\u2019environ 140 corps sans vie\n\n\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts le 15 juin, dans la localit\u00e9 de Tch\u00e9, groupement Losandrema, Territoire de Djugu.\n\n\nVingt-et-un autres corps auraient aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts le m\u00eame jour dans les localit\u00e9s de Pawi, Tshinji et\n\n\nZendro dans le groupement Dendro, soit un total de 161 corps. Ces corps ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts par la\n\n\npopulation locale dans la brousse apr\u00e8s une attaque d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans la nuit du 12 juin.\n\n\nL\u2019information n\u2019est pas v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e \u00e0 ce jour et le pr\u00e9sident de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de Bahema Nord indiquait\n\n\ntoutefois que ce chiffre \u00e9tait provisoire, plusieurs autres personnes \u00e9tant encore port\u00e9es disparues [2] . Dans\n\n\nla matin\u00e9e du 18 juin 2019, deux attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es, dont une contre les positions des FARDC\n\n\npar les \u00ab assaillants Lendu de la for\u00eat de Wago \u00bb dans la localit\u00e9 de Blukwa \u00e0 4 Km de Drodro et une autre\n\n\ncontre le village de Lidda dans le groupement Bahema Badjere o\u00f9 des incendies de plusieurs habitations\n\n\nsont rapport\u00e9s. Ceci a provoqu\u00e9 un mouvement de nombreuses personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en direction de\n\n\nDrodro, o\u00f9 ils vivent pour l\u2019instant dans les b\u00e2timents vides de l\u2019\u00e9glise catholique et les alentours. Du 14\n\n\nau 18 juin 2019, une estimation de 3284 nouveaux m\u00e9nages compos\u00e9s de 16.694 personnes seraient\n\n\n2 Radio Okapi, _Ituri: 161 nouveaux corps d\u00e9couverts dans les localit\u00e9s de Djugu (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile)_, 16 juin 2019,\nhttps://www.radiookapi.net/2019/06/16/actualite/securite/ituri-161-nouveaux-corps-decouverts-dans-les-localites-de-djugu\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 3 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arriv\u00e9s dans la ville de Bunia, y compris sur les sites de l\u2019Institut Sup\u00e9rieur P\u00e9dagogique et de l\u2019H\u00f4pital\n\n\nG\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Bunia, chiffres sous r\u00e9serve de confirmation du Groupe de Travail CCCM.\n\n\nLe 19 juin 2019, un groupe d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s a attaqu\u00e9 la position des FARDC \u00e0 Nyamamba,\n\n\nsitu\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 12 kms au nord de Tchomia, groupement Gbavi en Chefferie de Bahema Banywangi. Le\n\n\nbilan provisoire de cette attaque fait \u00e9tat de deux femmes tu\u00e9es, dont une \u00e9tait \u00e9pouse d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment des\n\n\nFARDC. Cette attaque a contraint environ 250 habitants de Nyamamba \u00e0 fuir vers la localit\u00e9 de Tchomia.\n\n\nEn repr\u00e9sailles, certains habitants de Tchomia et de Nyamamba ont incendi\u00e9 onze cases dans le village\n\n\nLendu de Datule, groupement Penyi en Secteur de Walendu Tatsi, situ\u00e9 entre Tchomia et Nyamamba,\n\n\ndont ils accusaient les r\u00e9sidents de ces cases d\u2019\u00eatre en connivence avec les assaillants. Les habitants de\n\n\nDatule ont fuis vers les villages d\u2019Anger, Landa et Njiro dans le Mont Bleu.\n\n\nA tout ceci vient s\u2019ajouter la flamb\u00e9e des violences intercommunautaires dans les Territoires de Djugu,\n\n\nIrumu et Mahagi, suite \u00e0 l\u2019assassinat de quatre commer\u00e7ants Lendu, originaires de Kobu [3], le 10 juin 2019.\n\n\nLa communaut\u00e9 Lendu a ainsi accus\u00e9 la communaut\u00e9 Hema d\u2019\u00eatre auteur de cet assassinat intervenu dans\n\n\nune embuscade tendue par des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s sur Kpatakpata-Nizi, Chefferie de Mambisa.\n\n\nCela a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 un total de 119 incidents de protection collect\u00e9s et document\u00e9s durant la semaine du 10 au\n\n\n16 juin 2019, contre 78 enregistr\u00e9es la semaine du 03 au 09 juin, soit une hausse de 41 incidents (34 %).\n\n\nL\u2019intensification des attaques men\u00e9es par des assaillants et des milices Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef en serait la cause. Le taux\n\n\nd\u2019incidents a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 en Territoire de Djugu par rapport aux autres territoires. Il convient de\n\n\nnoter que faute d\u2019acc\u00e8s et d\u00fb \u00e0 la couverture tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e de monitoring de protection dans la r\u00e9gion, la\n\n\ncollecte des incidents de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 loin d\u2019\u00eatre exhaustive. Surtout que suite \u00e0 cette ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les\n\n\n\u00e9quipes de protection bas\u00e9es \u00e0 Fataki ont du se r\u00e9fugier dans le territoire de Mahagi (voisin de Djugu).\n\n\nEn somme la situation de protection reste fortement affect\u00e9e par la situation s\u00e9curitaire tr\u00e8s volatile dans\n\n\nle Territoire de Djugu. Il reste \u00e0 craindre que cette escalade ne submerge de vastes parties de la province.\n\n\n**III.** **Analyse des mouvements de populations et des risques**\n\n\nAvec les r\u00e9centes attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les assaillants et autres groupes arm\u00e9s, essentiellement dans\n\n\nle territoire de Djugu, mais aussi dans une moindre mesure dans les territoires de Mahagi et d\u2019Irumu, des\n\n\nestimations tr\u00e8s globales ont pu \u00eatre \u00e9tablies. Sur la base d\u2019un ensemble cumul\u00e9 de recensements men\u00e9s\n\n\npar des leaders communautaires, les chefs des zones de sant\u00e9, les moniteurs de protection et les points\n\n\n3 Kobu est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame ouest de Djugu, sur la route Bunia-Mongwalu\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 4 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "focaux d\u2019OCHA, une estimation globale de **316.915 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au 20**\n\n\n**juin 2019, dont 209.504 PDIs,** soit 66%, dans le territoire de Djugu. Il est important d\u2019insister qu\u2019aucune\n\n\nconfirmation de ces chiffres n\u2019est possible \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle car aucune op\u00e9ration de v\u00e9rification ne peut\n\n\n\u00eatre men\u00e9e et la plupart des zones de conflit restent inaccessibles aux acteurs humanitaires. Il reste donc\n\n\nimpossible \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle de faire la part des nouveaux d\u00e9placements, d\u00e9placements secondaires et\n\n\nd\u00e9placements de plus longue date. De plus, ces chiffres \u00e9voluent tous les jours car les populations\n\n\ncontinuent \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer pour se mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri des hostilit\u00e9s en cours. Ces mouvements se poursuivent\n\n\ndonc actuellement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de Djugu, de Djugu vers l\u2019Uganda, de Djugu vers Mahagi et de Djugu vers\n\n\nIrumu. Ils font suite aux incursions et \u00e0 l\u2019intensification des exactions des assaillants dans les chefferies de\n\n\nBahema Nord, Bahema Badjere, Baguru, Mambisa, etc. qui profitent de la faible couverture s\u00e9curitaire.\n\n\nCela a augment\u00e9 les violations des droits humains, qui se sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des viols, pillages,\n\n\nrestrictions de mouvement des civils dans certaines zones, la limitation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et\n\n\nl\u2019\u00e9vacuation de plusieurs ONGs, exacerbant ainsi le besoin humanitaire chez les PDIs. Ces chiffres sont\n\n\ndonc dynamiques et \u00e9voluent depuis, notamment, les deux attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es \u00e0 Blukwa le 18 juin et \u00e0\n\n\nLidda, groupement de Bahema Nord, mais aussi de par la lib\u00e9ration de routes bloqu\u00e9es par les assaillants.\n\n\nLes tableaux ci-dessous pr\u00e9cisent la r\u00e9partition des PDIs par sites et par territoires :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Zones de Sant\u00e9|Localit\u00e9s avec
PDIs|Territoires|Minimum PDIs
rapport\u00e9|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Drodro|4|Djugu|10539|\n|Fataki|5|Djugu|20602|\n|Jiba|6|Djugu|10658|\n|Linga|11|Djugu|16748|\n|Lita|12|Djugu|35414|\n|Logo|5|Djugu|24200|\n|Nizi|15|Djugu|25074|\n|Rethy|8|Djugu|14180|\n|Tchomia|6|Djugu|12219|\n|Angumu|20|Mahagi|48811|\n|Bambu|4|Mahagi|24405|\n|Mahagi|2|Mahagi|1232|\n|Mangala|8|Mahagi|15285|\n|Nyarambe|10|Mahagi|39870|\n|Bunia|7|Ville \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d'Irumu|9678|\n|Rwampara|2|Irumu|8000|\n|**Total**|**125**||**316,915**|\n\n\n_Table 1 : R\u00e9partition des PDIs dans les territoires de Djugu, Mahagi et Irumu \u00e0 la date du 16 juin 2019_\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 5 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Carte 1: Localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire \u00e0 Djugu et Mahagi_\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 6 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Il faut \u00e9galement noter un d\u00e9placement de pr\u00e8s de 2,000 personnes vers l\u2019Ouganda depuis le 9 juin,\n\n\nd\u2019apr\u00e8s les chiffres du Haut-Commissariat pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nTous ces mouvements ne sont pas sans risques sur les populations civiles. Parmi les risques auxquels sont\n\n\nexpos\u00e9s les civils, l\u2019on note :\n\n - Enl\u00e8vements/kidnappings des femmes et des enfants\n\n - S\u00e9paration familiale exacerbant le nombre d\u2019enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non accompagn\u00e9s\n\n - Risque de tomber dans des embuscades d\u2019assaillants en cours de route\n\n - Pillages et extorsions des biens\n\n - Meurtres/homicides\n\n - Viols, coups et blessures\n\n - Violences psychologiques/\u00e9motionnelles\n\n\n - Tortures, traitements inhumains et d\u00e9gradants\n\n\n**IV.** **Analyse des incidents de protection**\n\n\n197 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s du 01 au 16 juin 2019 principalement dans les territoires\n\n\nde Djugu, Mahagi, Irumu et Mambasa. En comparant avec les deux semaines pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes (du 20 au 31\n\n\nmai), durant lesquelles 164 incidents de protection avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, on constate une\n\n\naugmentation brute de 33 incidents. Cette tendance est probablement sous-estim\u00e9e d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019actuel manque\n\n\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s aux zones.\n\n\nCes incidents de protection, violations des droits humains, se caract\u00e9risent par des pillages, des\n\n\nenl\u00e8vements/kidnappings de femmes et d\u2019enfants, des incendies, des viols, des coups et blessures, des\n\n\ntortures, traitements inhumains et d\u00e9gradants, etc. Le territoire de Djugu est le plus affect\u00e9 par ces\n\n\nviolations des droits humains du fait de l\u2019intensification des attaques des assaillants. Par ailleurs, si en\n\n\n2018, les conflits \u00e9taient rest\u00e9s focalis\u00e9s dans une partie du territoire de Djugu (Iga Barri\u00e8re \u2013 Fataki \u2013\n\n\nDrodro - Katoto et environs), cette nouvelle crise s\u2019\u00e9tend sur des zones auparavant stables : ouest du\n\n\nterritoire de Djugu (Nizi \u2013 Kobu - Kilo), territoire de Mahagi et territoire d\u2019Irumu. Outre cette extension\n\n\nphysique, on compte des victimes parmi les membres des autres communaut\u00e9s ethniques (Alur dans le\n\n\nterritoire de Mahagi, Nyali vers Kilo, Bira en territoire d\u2019Irumu, etc.). Cette nouvelle donne risque ainsi\n\n\nd\u2019intensifier et de g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser la crise.\n\n\nA ceci s\u2019ajoutent les conflits intercommunautaires entre les Lendu et les Hema du fait des accusations\n\n\nmutuelles, des actes de meurtre, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsion des biens, de pillages/vols de b\u00e9tails et des\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 7 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "produits des champs, des incendies de maisons voir des actes de viol qui se font entendre de part et\n\n\nd\u2019autre entre les deux communaut\u00e9s. Des actes de provocation et de m\u00e9fiance ne cessent de se multiplier\n\n\n\u00e9galement. Cependant, le fait majeur que d\u2019autres groupes ethniques sont maintenant aussi victimes de\n\n\nces violences, alors que celles-ci ne sont pas affili\u00e9es aux Hema ou Lendu, est \u00e0 mettre en avant car cette\n\n\ncrise actuelle ne peut se r\u00e9duire uniquement \u00e0 ce conflit r\u00e9current entre les Hema et Lendu. De plus,\n\n\nbeaucoup des attaques des assaillants ne sont pas revendiqu\u00e9es et il reste donc difficile d\u2019assimiler ces\n\n\nattaques non-identifi\u00e9es comme pouvant \u00eatre reli\u00e9es aux groupes arm\u00e9s d\u2019ob\u00e9dience ethnique avec\n\n\ncertitude, et donc \u00e0 plus forte raison aux populations des groupes ethniques. Enfin, des actions de\n\n\nsensibilisation \u00e0 la coexistence entre les Hema et les Lendu sont actuellement men\u00e9es par des leaders\n\n\ncommunautaires des deux groupes \u00e0 travers des barzas [4] intercommunautaires, o\u00f9 l\u2019accent est mis sur le\n\n\nfait que les violences actuelles ne sont pas dues aux tensions ethniques plus anciennes.\n\n\nLes PDIs de cette crise en cours s\u2019amassent actuellement dans des chefferies/secteurs favorables \u00e0 leurs\n\n\nconnotations interethniques sans aucune assistance humanitaire. A pr\u00e9sent il est difficile d\u2019estimer\n\n\nl\u2019effectif de ces personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui bat son plein dans tous les villages.\n\n\nNotons aussi que la route nationale N\u00b0 5 (sp\u00e9cifiquement la partie Bunia - Iga Barri\u00e8re \u2013 Fataki) ainsi que\n\n\ndes routes de desserte agricole sont compl\u00e8tement bloqu\u00e9es par des jeunes arm\u00e9s d\u2019armes blanches et\n\n\nquelques armes \u00e0 feux, une situation qui aggrave de plus en plus la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations en\n\n\nrendant difficile tout acc\u00e8s des humanitaires pour une assistance appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 ces populations meurtries\n\n\npar les conflits arm\u00e9s. Les incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection, les mouvements internes de populations\n\n\nciviles dans le territoire de Djugu, ainsi que le long de la limite avec le territoire de Mahagi, soumettent la\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9 humanitaire \u00e0 une situation complexe.\n\n\n**V.** **Recommandations**\n\n\nAu vu de la situation pr\u00e9occupante de protection d\u00e9crite ci-dessus, les recommandations suivantes sont\n\n\nformul\u00e9es :\n\n\n**Aux autorit\u00e9s provinciales/nationales**\n\n\n - Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur les axes d\u2019interventions dans les zones touch\u00e9es afin d\u2019assurer un acc\u00e8s\n\n\nhumanitaire en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 :\n\n\n4 Un barza (du Kiswahili \u2018baraza\u2019) est d\u00e9fini comme un lieu o\u00f9 les membres d\u2019un village ou d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 ont l\u2019habitude de\nse rencontrer pour \u00e9changer sur les diff\u00e9rents aspects de la vie communautaire\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 8 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Bunia \u2013 Fataki \u2013 Mahagi\n\n\n`o` Bunia \u2013 Nizi \u2013 Bambu (Kobu)\n\n\n`o` Bunia \u2013 Katoto \u2013 Drodro \u2013 Blukwa\n\n\n`o` Bunia \u2013 Chomia \u2013 Kasenyi\n\n - Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de dialogue communautaire sur la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s afin d\u2019assurer la protection des populations et de leurs biens ainsi que d\u2019apaiser\n\n\nles tensions intercommunautaires\n\n - Initier une analyse approfondie afin de mieux comprendre les causes profondes de cette crise\n\n\ncyclique et, ainsi, d\u2019entrevoir les actions adapt\u00e9es.\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019implication des structures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour assurer la protection des infrastructures\n\n\nsociales de base (centres de sant\u00e9, \u00e9coles, points d\u2019eau et autre) contre les attaques\n\n\n**Aux bailleurs de fonds**\n\n\n - Pour les fonds existants allou\u00e9s sous CERF Underfunded, allocations standards et autres\n\n\nfinancements, les rendre flexibles afin de permettre la prise en charge de projets visant les zones\n\n\nde d\u00e9placement et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rents sites nouveaux et anciens\n\n - Partant de besoins existant, les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponses disponibles \u00e9tant limit\u00e9es, financer les\n\n\nactivit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponses de nouvelles urgences dans les territoires de Djugu, Irumu et Mahagi. Ces\n\n\nnouveaux financements devraient inclure \u00e0 la fois les besoins dans les zones de retour et dans les\n\n\nzones de d\u00e9placement\n\n\n**Aux acteurs humanitaires**\n\n\n - Mobiliser les acteurs de protection pour participer aux \u00e9valuations d\u2019urgence\n\n - Produire des notes d\u2019analyse \u2018ne pas nuire\u2019 pour informer la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse SGBV\n\n - Mener un profilage des groupes de population les plus \u00e0 risque\n\n\n - Faire du plaidoyer en collaboration avec le BCNUDH pour des actions de poursuite contre les\n\n\nauteurs des violations des droits humains enregistr\u00e9es, notamment la hausse des cas de meurtres\n\n - Renforcer la participation des communaut\u00e9s et des autorit\u00e9s dans la mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s\n\n\nde protection au niveau communautaire\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019assistance aux PDIs sur l\u2019\u00e9tendue des territoires de Djugu, Mahagi et Irumu\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 9 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Sources :**\n\n\n - Note d\u2019analyse de protection du cluster protection Ituri de mai 2019\n\n\n - Note conceptuelle de plaidoyer des acteurs humanitaires en Ituri de juin 2019\n\n\n - Note de protection sur le territoire de Djugu du HCR/Intersos du 22 Mai 2019\n\n\n - Rapports hebdomadaire de monitoring de protection d\u2019INTERSOS et de COOPI du 03 au 08 juin\n\n\net du 10 au 15 juin 2019\n\n\n - Note d\u2019alerte sur la protection des civils dans la localit\u00e9 de Nyamamba en territoire de Djugu\n\n\n - Rapport d\u2019Evaluation des besoins humanitaires d\u2019OCHA sur Djugu - Genegere et Ramogi\n\n\n - Chiffres sur les PDIs valid\u00e9s par la Commission des Mouvement de Populations\n\n\n - Article de Radio Okapi du 16 juin 2019 sur la crise \u00e0 Djugu\n\n\n[https://www.radiookapi.net/2019/06/16/actualite/securite/ituri-161-nouveaux-corps-](https://www.radiookapi.net/2019/06/16/actualite/securite/ituri-161-nouveaux-corps-decouverts-dans-les-localites-de-djugu)\n\n\ndecouverts-dans-les-localites-de-djugu\n\n\n_Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur Djugu en Ituri_ 10 |\n\nP a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b8015622-f818-36ce-a415-866529f08fa4/Analyse%20de%20protection%20-%20Crise%20s%C3%A9curitaire%20dans%20le%20territoire%20de%20Djugu%2C%20I....pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_244/raw/doc_244_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_244/raw/doc_244_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 039893ff5175a1a5fa695327ce5f3dad8db88e92..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_244/raw/doc_244_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### Analyse de protection \u2013 provinces de l\u2019Ituri & du Nord Kivu : focus sur 3 facteurs de d\u00e9gradation de la situation humanitaire et de protection.\n\nNovembre - D\u00e9cembre 2021\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire \u00e0 l\u2019Est de la RDC reste critique et est marqu\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis persistants, les provinces de l\u2019Ituri et du Nord\nKivu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9es sous le r\u00e9gime de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge depuis le 06 mai 2021, celui-ci ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 prorog\u00e9 pour la 14\u00e8me\nfois le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2021.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 les efforts des autorit\u00e9s et des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 congolaises (FARDC et PNC) avec l\u2019appui\nmultiforme de la MONUSCO, la r\u00e9gion est toujours caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la persistance et parfois l\u2019exacerbation des tensions\net conflits intercommunautaires, avec comme corollaire la composition des nombreux groupes arm\u00e9s et milices qui\npr\u00e9sentent une proximit\u00e9 sociologique avec telle ou telle autre communaut\u00e9 ethnique. Motiv\u00e9s \u00e9galement par le contr\u00f4le\n\n\nsavoir :\n\n\ncontre les civils.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La pr\u00e9sente analyse est sp\u00e9cialement consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 ces facteurs et \u00e0 leurs impacts sp\u00e9cifiques sur la\nsituation de protection dans les 2 provinces (Nord Kivu et Ituri). Elle a pour but d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention\ndes diff\u00e9rents acteurs sur ces facteurs - qui sont porteurs de nouvelles menaces, ou dont les risques\nconnaissent un regain d\u2019ampleur-, pour que des mesures soient envisag\u00e9es afin de r\u00e9duire les\nrisques en mati\u00e8re de protection \u00e0 travers la pr\u00e9vention et les actions de mitigation et de r\u00e9ponse.\n\n#### 1. Facteurs aggravant les risques de protection dans l\u2019Ituri et le Nord Kivu.\n\n\n1.1. Violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\n\nLa violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans la zone sous analyse\nse manifeste sous deux aspects : D\u2019une part, il y a pr\u00e9sence (r\u00e9elle ou suppos\u00e9e) [1] et les activit\u00e9s des\nhommes en armes dans les sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et \u00e0 leurs alentours ; et d\u2019autre part, la\nrecrudescence des attaques violentes perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es contre les sites et lieux de rassemblement de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\nSous le premier aspect, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(FARDC et Police) circuleraient avec des armes et effets militaires dans les sites ou lieux de\nregroupement de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou dans leurs encablures, violant ainsi le caract\u00e8re civil de ces\nsites. Il a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s se pr\u00e9sentent dans certains sites pour imposer le\ntravail forc\u00e9 a des jeunes, notamment pour le transport de leurs effets militaires vers leur base.\nEn outre, des incursions diurnes et nocturnes dans les sites par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s, soit\npour rendre visite \u00e0 leurs connaissances, soit pour commettre des vols et/ou pillages, ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9es.\n\nSous le deuxi\u00e8me aspect, il est \u00e0 constater que les attaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ont augment\u00e9\nexponentiellement depuis le mois de novembre 2021, principalement dans la Province de l\u2019Ituri. En\neffet, depuis le d\u00e9but du deuxi\u00e8me semestre 2021, six (6) violentes attaques (dont 4 particuli\u00e8rement\nviolentes depuis la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du mois de novembre) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es contre cinq (5) sites de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Fataki et de Drodro en territoire de Djugu.\nCes attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es principalement par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s CODECO/URDPC.\n\nLes attaques r\u00e9centes contre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Fataki et Drodro par\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC participeraient \u00e0 la fois de la provocation contre le groupe arm\u00e9\n\u00ab Za\u00efre \u00bb, r\u00e9put\u00e9 proche de la communaut\u00e9 Hema, de la volont\u00e9 de venger les camarades tu\u00e9s lors des\nattaques du 08 novembre 2021 en zone de sant\u00e9 de Fataki (men\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du Za\u00efre), et de\n\n\n1 Il est important de noter que dans certains cas, la pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments armes ou des armes dans les sites est\nv\u00e9hicul\u00e9e par des rumeurs caus\u00e9es par des suspicions entre membres des diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s ou juste par\ndes manipulations des gens de mauvaises fois.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "la manifestation de leur m\u00e9contentement au regard des arrestations de 3 de leurs camarades arr\u00eat\u00e9s\npar des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes du site de Tche puis livr\u00e9s aux FARDC le 18 novembre 2021.\n\n\n_Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif des r\u00e9centes attaques contre les sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les_\n\n_diff\u00e9rentes violations dans l\u2019Ituri._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Date|Site attaqu\u00e9|Zone de sant\u00e9|Violations enregistr\u00e9es|Pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**28 nov**
**2021**|Site de Ndjala|Drodro|\u2713 Meurtre de 26 PDIs et 11 PDIs bless\u00e9s
\u2713 Une cinquantaine de m\u00e9nages pill\u00e9s|CODECO/URDPC|\n|**25 nov**
**2021**|Site de Duka|Fataki|\u2713 Meurtres de 3 PDIs et 1 PDI bless\u00e9
\u2713 Une dizaine des PDIs enlev\u00e9s
\u2713 357 m\u00e9nages pill\u00e9s et 463 abris incendi\u00e9s|CODECO/URDPC|\n|**21 nov**
**2021**|Site de Drodro|Drodro|\u2713 Meurtre de 28 PDIs
\u2713 Une centaine de m\u00e9nages pill\u00e9s
\u2713 Une cinquantaine d\u2019abris incendi\u00e9s|CODECO/URDPC|\n|**19 nov**
**2021**|Site de Tch\u00e9|Drodro|\u2713 Meurtre de 4 PDIs,
\u2713 19 abris incendi\u00e9s et 2 m\u00e9nages pill\u00e9s|CODECO/URDPC|\n|**23 juin**
**2021**|Site de Tch\u00e9|Drodro|\u2713 Meurtre de 1 PDI,
\u2713 Incendie des cases et pillage des m\u00e9nages|CODECO/URDPC|\n|**31 mai**
**2021**|Site de Rubingo|Boga|\u2713 Meurtre de 31 PDIs
\u2713 Incendies de 52 abris|ADF|\n\n\n\n**Principaux effets de la violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites sur la protection** .\nLes cons\u00e9quences de la violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites et lieux de regroupement\ndes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont lourdes et les raisons de craindre une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration plus accrue de la\nsituation de protection sont nombreuses.\n\n\n - _Risque d\u2019intensification des attaques contre les sites_\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les sites ou aux alentours de ceux-ci expose davantage les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui risquent d\u2019\u00eatre per\u00e7ues comme h\u00e9bergeant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s,\net ainsi \u00eatre victimes d\u2019exactions des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux, ou m\u00eame des forces de l\u2019ordre r\u00e9guli\u00e8res.\nEn effet, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que les sites sont de plus en plus des cibles des actes de vengeance des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s aux prises avec les forces de d\u00e9fense ou avec d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s.\nSi des dispositions ad\u00e9quates ne sont pas prises, il y a un grand risque que ces attaques se poursuivent\net augmentent en intensit\u00e9, ce qui non seulement aggraverait la situation de protection d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s\ncritique pour les civils (notamment les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes), mais favoriserait aussi une\nprolif\u00e9ration des groupes arm\u00e9s dans la zone avec un risque d\u2019effet de contagion/d\u00e9bordement vers\nd\u2019autres r\u00e9gions. En effet, les ADF, tout comme la faction URDPC de la CODECO, sont\nimpr\u00e9visibles, et leurs attaques qui ciblent des sites abritant des communaut\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res pourraient\nencore survenir au vu de la dynamique actuelle du conflit dans la zone.\n\n\n - _D\u00e9placement secondaire et aggravation de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes affect\u00e9es par le_\n_d\u00e9placement_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les attaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ou les lieux de leur regroupement ont eu comme premi\u00e8re\ncons\u00e9quence un nouveau d\u00e9placement de milliers de personnes des sites attaqu\u00e9s vers d\u2019autres sites\nou vers des familles d\u2019accueil \u00e9tablies dans diverses localit\u00e9s des territoires d\u2019Irumu et de Djugu.\nCe d\u00e9placement secondaire forc\u00e9 des populations expose ces derni\u00e8res \u00e0 plus de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s face\naux autres risques de protection et \u00e0 plus de besoins humanitaires.\nAinsi par exemple, \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019attaque contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s des zones de Tche, Drodro et\nRhoe, plus de 40 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es de se d\u00e9placer pour trouver refuge \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la\nbase militaire de la MONUSCO de Rhoe. Le site a presque tripl\u00e9 de taille, passant de 21 458 \u00e0 plus\nde 60 000 personnes, obligeant les familles nouvellement arriv\u00e9es \u00e0 dormir \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. En outre,\ncet afflux qui a pouss\u00e9 les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u2019agglom\u00e9rer \u00e0 Rhoe a augment\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re exponentielle les\nbesoins en termes de nourriture, abris, soins de sant\u00e9, assistance psychosociale etc.\nBien qu\u2019ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u2019un ou de deux d\u00e9placements, voire plus, ces personnes ne sont\npas \u00e0 l\u2019abri d\u2019une nouvelle attaque et par cons\u00e9quent d\u2019un nouveau d\u00e9placement pour les personnes\nrescap\u00e9es.\n\n\n - _Aggravation des violations des droits humains et de la situation humanitaire._\n\n\nSous l\u2019aspect de la pr\u00e9sence ou l\u2019intrusion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans et autour des sites des PDI, il est\nimportant de noter que la proximit\u00e9 des positions militaires ou autres groupes arm\u00e9s aux sites de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es exposent ces derniers \u00e0 plus de risque de violations des droits. Ainsi, des incidents de\nprotection sont rapport\u00e9s dans les sites ou aux alentours des sites, comme les arrestations arbitraires,\nle ran\u00e7onnage des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les tracasserie/taxes ill\u00e9gales, les actes de tortures, les coups\net blessures, les travaux forc\u00e9s les extorsions et les cas de viols sur femmes et enfants.\nAinsi par exemple, en date du 09 novembre, dans un site de PDI sur le territoire de Kitshanga, un\nmilitaire FARDC a pris pour cible 2 PDI en ouvrant le feu sur eux. Cette attaque d\u2019un militaire\napparemment en \u00e9tat d\u2019\u00e9bri\u00e9t\u00e9 a entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9c\u00e8s des 2 civils.\nDes cas de mauvais traitements et de violences \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des habitants des sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s,\nnotamment contre les jeunes, pour motif qu\u2019ils auraient refus\u00e9 ou h\u00e9sit\u00e9 d\u2019ex\u00e9cuter des corv\u00e9es\nimpos\u00e9es par des militaires.\nLes attaques contre des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e8rent beaucoup plus de graves violations des droits\nhumains, notamment des meurtres, blessures, enl\u00e8vements, ainsi que des violations du droit \u00e0 la\nlibert\u00e9 et du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. En effet, hormis les violations qui surviennent lors de ces attaques\n((93 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s tu\u00e9s depuis 31 mai 2021, dont 62 depuis le 25 novembre 2021), les rescap\u00e9s de cellesci se retrouvent plus expos\u00e9s aux autres risques de protection, notamment pendant le d\u00e9placement\nbrusque et forc\u00e9, mais aussi dans leurs lieux de regroupement. La promiscuit\u00e9 entraine un risque accru\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, l\u2019exposition aux intemp\u00e9ries, les autres abus et\nexploitations notamment contre les enfants. En outre, le fait que des personnes soient contraintes au\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 cyclique les fragilise davantage (sur les plans physiques et psychologiques),\nnotamment en perturbant tous les m\u00e9canismes locaux de pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse aux diff\u00e9rents types\nde risques, et en poussant certaines personnes affect\u00e9es \u00e0 continuellement rechercher des m\u00e9canismes\nde survie et d\u2019adaptation, souvent nuisibles \u00e0 leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et leur dignit\u00e9.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - _Aggravation des tensions intercommunautaires et risque d\u2019apparition ou d\u2019intensification_\n_de l\u2019activisme d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s/ d\u2019autod\u00e9fense._\n\n\nEntre autres cons\u00e9quences, les attaques contre les sites risquent de raviver et/ou exacerber les\naffrontements intercommunautaires, notamment dans le Territoire de Djugu o\u00f9 la majorit\u00e9 des\npersonnes particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es par les attaques r\u00e9centes contre des sites appartiennent \u00e0 une\ncommunaut\u00e9 bien identifi\u00e9e, en l\u2019occurrence la communaut\u00e9 Hema. Les affrontements\nintercommunautaires pourraient \u00eatre \u00e9galement raviv\u00e9s dans le territoire de Mahagi, dont les localit\u00e9s\nsitu\u00e9es \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le territoire de Djugu connaissent une recrudescence de la violence du fait\nde la reprises des incursions de la CODECO/URDPC qui provoquent de nombreuses victimes parmi\nles membres de la communaut\u00e9 Alur.\nCe risque d\u2019aggravation des tensions intercommunautaires entraine comme corollaire d\u2019autres\nrisques, notamment le risque d\u2019apparition de nouveaux groupes arm\u00e9s (sous pr\u00e9texte d\u2019autod\u00e9fense\nnotamment), d\u2019augmentation de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de leur activisme, ainsi que de l\u2019effet contagion vers\nd\u2019autres zones.\n\n\n - _Davantage de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire_\n\nCette situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 est aggrav\u00e9e par la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire pour les personnes\naffect\u00e9es. La survie des populations dans un tel contexte d\u00e9pend grandement de l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire, mais l\u2019acheminement de celle-ci est rendu difficile du fait des multiples attaques et\nrisque d\u2019attaques orchestr\u00e9es par des bandes arm\u00e9es contre le personnel et le mat\u00e9riel humanitaires.\nAinsi par exemple, depuis octobre dernier 2021, pr\u00e8s d'une dizaine d'organisations humanitaires, dont\ncelles qui ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de projets du Fonds humanitaire, avaient temporairement suspendu leurs\nd\u00e9placements en Ituri. Aussi, aucune organisation humanitaire n'intervient actuellement dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Tchabi (qui abrite 20 300 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es), la derni\u00e8re organisation ayant quitt\u00e9 en\nmai 2021 suite aux violences. Beaucoup d\u2019autres zones dans l\u2019Ituri restent \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s difficiles\nen termes d'acc\u00e8s, notamment Kassindi et Eringeti. Mambasa, qui est une zone actuellement marqu\u00e9e\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "par une pr\u00e9sence humanitaire importante, pourrait voir l'acc\u00e8s se d\u00e9grader, si la situation s\u00e9curitaire\ncontinue \u00e0 se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer.\n\n\n1.2. R\u00e9surgence du groupe arm\u00e9 (ou groupe \u00ab assimil\u00e9 \u00bb au) M23\n\nUne incursion des hommes arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s appartenir au M23 a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e le 7 novembre vers 22\nheures \u00e0 Chanzu, localit\u00e9 Gikoro, groupement Jomba. Ces hommes arm\u00e9s ont attaqu\u00e9 les positions\ndes FARDC \u00e9tablies \u00e0 Chanzu et Runyoni, zone frontali\u00e8re entre le Rwanda, l\u2019Ouganda et la\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo.\nCes attaques ont provoqu\u00e9 un d\u00e9placement massif des villages de Chanzu, Runyoni, Ndira et autres\nen diverses directions, y compris vers l\u2019Ouganda.\nLes sources locales r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que ces hommes arm\u00e9s appartiendraient \u00e0 la branche arm\u00e9e du M23\nd\u00e9nomm\u00e9e Alliance pour la R\u00e9volution du Congo (ARC).\nAu courant des mois de novembre et de d\u00e9cembre 2021, plusieurs attaques (au moins 10) attribu\u00e9es\n\u00e0 ce groupe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es contre les positions FARDC notamment dans les groupements de Jomba,\nKisigari et Rugari.\nD\u2019autres attaques dont les auteurs appartiendraient \u00e0 ce m\u00eame groupe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre le site\ndes \u00e9co-gardes du Parc National de Virunga les nuits du 20 au 22 novembre.\nLe nombre d\u2019attaques attribu\u00e9es au M23 (ou \u00e0 sa branche ARC) contre les positions des FARDC\ndepuis novembre 2021 d\u00e9montre un regain de l\u2019activisme de ce groupe, dont on ne connait pas les\nrevendications pr\u00e9cises, hormis l\u2019exercice d\u2019une possible pression sur le gouvernement congolais\npour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019application des diff\u00e9rents accords, notamment ceux de Nairobi et Kampala [2] .\n\nDans une zone o\u00f9 prosp\u00e8rent plusieurs groupes arm\u00e9s, cette r\u00e9surgence du groupe M23 n\u2019aurait pas\nde signification particuli\u00e8re si l\u2019historique de ce mouvement n\u2019\u00e9tait pas symboliquement charg\u00e9e [3] . De\nplus, son action ravive des tensions intercommunautaires avec des ramifications transfrontali\u00e8res.\nC\u2019est \u00e0 cause de cette particularit\u00e9 que la r\u00e9surgence de ce mouvement entraine des effets sp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n**Principaux effets de la r\u00e9surgence du groupe M23 sur la situation de protection et la**\n**dynamique du conflit arm\u00e9.**\n\n\nL\u2019analyse des effets du regain de l\u2019activisme du groupe M23 (ou du groupe assimil\u00e9 au M23) se\nlimitera sur les effets sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 ce facteur. En effet, certaines cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9coulant des\nactions de ce groupe se pr\u00e9sentent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on que dans les autres zones enregistrant des\naffrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s ou entre ceux-ci et les forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Les effets sur lesquels\nnous n\u2019allons pas revenir en d\u00e9tails sont :\n\n - _Le d\u00e9placement des populations_ : d\u00e8s les premiers jours de l\u2019attaque de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nsuppos\u00e9s \u00eatre du M23, un grand mouvement de population a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 vers les zones plus\n\n\n2 [https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20131212-rdc-kinshasa-m23-signent-trois-textes-fin-processus-kampala](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20131212-rdc-kinshasa-m23-signent-trois-textes-fin-processus-kampala)\n3 [https://www.france24.com/fr/20121120-rdc-rebelles-m23-prennent-le-controle-laeroport-goma;](https://www.france24.com/fr/20121120-rdc-rebelles-m23-prennent-le-controle-laeroport-goma)\n[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/139152/politique/rdc-la-le-on-de-la-prise-de-goma-par-le-m23/](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/139152/politique/rdc-la-le-on-de-la-prise-de-goma-par-le-m23/)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\u00e9curis\u00e9es, y compris vers l\u2019Ouganda. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la population op\u00e8re des\nmouvements pr\u00e9ventifs vers des zones suppos\u00e9es s\u00e9curis\u00e9es et tr\u00e8s souvent de type pendulaire\naux vues du caract\u00e8re intermittent et bref de ces attaques.\n\n - _Augmentation des incidents de protection :_ Ce groupe m\u00e8ne des attaques dans un secteur\no\u00f9 la situation de protection est d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s alarmante. La r\u00e9surgence d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\naggrave certains types de risques de protection, notamment les risques de\nrecrutement/l\u2019enr\u00f4lement forc\u00e9 des mineurs. Les rapports monitoring de protection\npourront procurer plus de d\u00e9tails sur les effets des attaques du M23 sur la situation des\nviolations des droits humains.\nLes effets sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques du M23 sont d\u00e9crits dans les paragraphes\nsuivants.\n\n - _Mont\u00e9e des tensions intercommunautaires et stigmatisation ethnique_\n\nDepuis leur r\u00e9surgence, les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 m\u00e8nent leurs actions dans une zone o\u00f9\ns\u00e9vissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s, dont un est particuli\u00e8rement hostile au M23, \u00e0 savoir les\nFDLR [4] . Le risque que les deux groupes s\u2019affrontent dans cette zone est tr\u00e8s grand, ce qui aurait de\ngraves r\u00e9percussions sur la situation de protection et les relations entre les membres des communaut\u00e9s\nde la zone qui sont per\u00e7ues proches de l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre groupe.\nUne autre pr\u00e9occupation de protection qu\u2019il est important de mentionner est le risque qu\u2019encourraient\ndes hommes et des jeunes gens d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique du groupement de Jomba, per\u00e7ue\ncomme \u00e9tant de proximit\u00e9 sociologique avec le M23, d\u2019\u00eatre poursuivis par le service de\nrenseignement militaire pour intelligence avec les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants du M23. Les animateurs de\nla soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile forces vives de la place ont approch\u00e9 le commandement militaire en place le 19\nnovembre pour plaider contre ce type de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\n - _Spectre de l\u2019internationalisation du conflit_\n\nComme mentionn\u00e9 plus haut, la r\u00e9surgence du M23 aggrave non seulement la situation de protection\ndans les zones o\u00f9 il est actif, notamment en suscitant des tensions intercommunautaires, mais aussi\nen faisant craindre la remont\u00e9e des tensions transfrontali\u00e8res. En effet, son secteur d\u2019action est une\nzone particuli\u00e8rement sensible (secteur des trois fronti\u00e8res DRC-Rwanda, Rwanda-Uganda,\nOuganda-DRC). Les premi\u00e8res attaques de ce groupe arm\u00e9 en d\u00e9but novembre avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 suscit\u00e9\ndes passes d\u2019armes, par m\u00e9dias interpos\u00e9s, entre le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda, les deux pays s\u2019accusant\nmutuellement le soutien de ce mouvement rebelle [5] . A noter que dans les ann\u00e9es 2012-2013, ce\nmouvement \u00e9tait per\u00e7u comme recevant l\u2019appui des deux pays, et son d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement avait pouss\u00e9\nune partie de ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 trouver refuge au Rwanda et une autre partie en Ouganda.\n\n\n4 Jason Stearns : _Du CNDP au M23. \u00c9volution d\u2019un mouvement arm\u00e9 dans l\u2019est du Congo, p.29_\n_[(https://www.refworld.org/docid/51d2c8f74.html )](https://www.refworld.org/docid/51d2c8f74.html)_\n5 [https://ouragan.cd/2021/11/rdc-larmee-rwandaise-nie-toute-participation-aux-activites-du-m23/ ;](https://ouragan.cd/2021/11/rdc-larmee-rwandaise-nie-toute-participation-aux-activites-du-m23/)\nhttps://chimpreports.com/rwanda-drc-forces-trade-accusations-over-m23-rebel-attacks/\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ce risque de remont\u00e9e des tensions r\u00e9gionales (implication d\u2019autres pays) est davantage renforc\u00e9 par\nl\u2019\u00e9mergence de l\u2019autre facteur que nous abordons juste apr\u00e8s, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019intervention de l\u2019arm\u00e9e\nougandaise sur le sol congolais. En effet, certains observateurs estiment que le groupe arm\u00e9 M23\npourrait servir de canal de \u00ab guerre de proxy \u00bb [6] entre les arm\u00e9es de ces deux pays (Rwanda et\nOuganda), dont les relations ne sont pas au bon fixe depuis un certain nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es.\nUn conflit qui impliquerait un affrontement direct ou indirect entre les arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res serait\ncatastrophique non seulement pour les populations de l\u2019Est du Congo, mais aussi pour tout le pays et\nau-del\u00e0. Il est important que tous les moyens et outils diplomatiques soient actionn\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter un\ntel scenario.\n\n\n1.3. Operations conjointes FARDC-UPDF (arm\u00e9e ougandaise) contre le groupe ADF\n\nDe nombreuses initiatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises par les autorit\u00e9s de la RDC pour combattre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Est\ndu Congo, notamment \u00e0 travers la d\u00e9claration de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge dans les provinces d\u2019Ituri et du Nord\nKivu, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rentes op\u00e9rations militaires de riposte ou de traque imm\u00e9diates\nlanc\u00e9es par les FARDC contre les groupes arm\u00e9s, avec l\u2019appui de la MONUSCO.\n\nC\u2019est dans ce contexte que la RDC et l\u2019Ouganda ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de mener des op\u00e9rations conjointes contre\nles ADF qui op\u00e8rent dans la zone depuis une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, et qui y sont responsables de\nnombreuses attaques, particuli\u00e8rement dans des localit\u00e9s des provinces de l'Ituri et du Nord Kivu qui\nsont plac\u00e9es depuis le mois de mai sous \u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge. Les ADF sont aussi accus\u00e9s d\u2019avoir men\u00e9 des\nattaques en dehors de la RDC notamment \u00e0 Kampala r\u00e9cemment [7] .\nLes forces de l\u2019UPDF ont lanc\u00e9 leur offensive le 30 novembre 2021 et fait leur premi\u00e8re entr\u00e9e du\nc\u00f4t\u00e9 de la chefferie de Watalinga, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Est du secteur de Beni Mbau dans le territoire de Beni au\nNord Kivu.\nLa mutualisation (op\u00e9rations conjointes) des deux forces arm\u00e9es (FARDC et UPDF) pour combattre\nles ADF a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclue par un accord sign\u00e9 entre la RDC et l\u2019Ouganda le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2021 \u00e0 Bunia\n(Ituri).\nEn plus des op\u00e9rations militaires conjointes, les deux arm\u00e9es ont entam\u00e9 depuis le 09 d\u00e9cembre 2021,\ndes travaux de construction et r\u00e9habilitation des routes, avec pour objectif principal de faciliter les\nmouvements de leurs troupes, particuli\u00e8rement sur les axes Mbau-Kamango et Nobili-KamangoSemuliki-Beni.\nLe 11 d\u00e9cembre, les deux forces ont lanc\u00e9 une vaste campagne de sensibilisation pour obtenir le\nsoutien de la population des territoires de Beni et Irumu, et ont install\u00e9 des centres m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0\nMukakati et Katibombo dans le cadre des actions civil-militaires.\nEn date du 24 d\u00e9cembre 2021, les deux forces ont annonc\u00e9 avoir captur\u00e9 la base principale des ADF\n(Kambi ya Yua) [8] .\n\n\n6 https://kongomani.wordpress.com/2021/12/09/second-thoughts-about-musevenis-new-adventures-in-the-drc/\n7 [https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2021/11/18/a-string-of-bombings-is-rattling-uganda](https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2021/11/18/a-string-of-bombings-is-rattling-uganda)\n8 [http://www.defence.go.ug/home/newsandevents/66.0](http://www.defence.go.ug/home/newsandevents/66.0)\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Principaux effets des op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF sur la situation de protection de**\n**la zone**\n\n\nIl est esp\u00e9r\u00e9 que les op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF pourraient r\u00e9duire la capacit\u00e9 du groupe\nADF, et ainsi soulager la population civile contre les diff\u00e9rentes attaques et autres violations\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe. Cependant, d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but, le cluster protection en RDC\nestimait que, dans un premier temps, ces op\u00e9rations pourraient engendrer des effets qui aggraveraient\nle risque de protection de la population civile et d\u00e9graderaient davantage la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de\nprotection. Ainsi par exemple, il y a un risque de stigmatisation et m\u00eame d\u2019interpellation des membres\nde certaines communaut\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es \u00eatre de connivence avec des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019ADF. En effet, il est \u00e0\nnoter que sur l\u2019aspect \u2018libert\u00e9 de mouvement\u2019 les troupes ougandaises ont \u00e9rig\u00e9 une barri\u00e8re pour des\nfouilles de personnes suspectes sur l\u2019axe Nobili-Beni.\n\nL\u2019analyse des effets se focalisera aussi sur ceux sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 ce facteur, sans s\u2019attarder sur les autres\nqui constituent souvent des suites logiques de chaque op\u00e9ration militaire notamment l\u2019augmentation\ndes mouvements de population, l\u2019augmentation des incidents de protection, la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire, la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base du fait de leur destruction (lors des\ncombats ou bombardements) ou du fait de leur occupation soit par les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, soit par\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s (Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 par exemple que les forces Ougandaises avaient occup\u00e9 deux\n\u00e9tablissements scolaires, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019Ecole Primaire et l\u2019Institut de Bwisegha).\nIl est a noter la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer la situation de d\u00e9placement et autres cons\u00e9quences cons\u00e9cutives\n\u00e0 ces op\u00e9rations, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que tr\u00e8s peu de communication filtre de la part du commandement de\nces op\u00e9rations.\nUn suivi et une mise \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guliers de la situation seront continuellement faits par les coordinations\ndes acteurs de protection dans la zone.\n\n\n - _Augmentation des attaques contre la population civile par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe_\n_ADF y compris dans les zones jusque-l\u00e0 \u00e9pargn\u00e9es._\n\nLa cons\u00e9quence imm\u00e9diate du lancement des op\u00e9rations contre les ADF par les arm\u00e9es congolaises\net ougandaise a \u00e9t\u00e9 la dispersion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF se replieraient\ndavantage vers l\u2019Ouest et le Sud du territoire de Beni, ainsi que dans la for\u00eat se trouvant \u00e0 la limite\nentre le territoire d\u2019Irumu et Mambasa, o\u00f9 ils multiplient les incursions dans diff\u00e9rents villages\nvoisins. Ce repli est effectu\u00e9 non seulement pour \u00e9chapper aux op\u00e9rations, mais aussi pour conqu\u00e9rir\nde nouvelles zones. Il est fort probable que cette dispersion va continuer au courant des premi\u00e8res\nsemaines de cette offensive.\nIl est en effet important de noter que, m\u00eame avant l\u2019intervention de l\u2019arm\u00e9e Ougandaise, la tendance\n\u00e9tait qu\u2019apr\u00e8s chaque op\u00e9ration d\u2019envergure des FARDC contre les ADF, ces derniers op\u00e9raient juste\napr\u00e8s des attaques de repr\u00e9sailles contre la population civile. Le mode op\u00e9ratoire apr\u00e8s chaque\nop\u00e9ration d\u2019envergure est le suivant : Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe se diffusent en petits groupes, se retirent\ndans les for\u00eats et dans d\u2019autres zones pour multiplier les attaques et les repr\u00e9sailles contre les\npopulations civiles.\nCette dispersion accompagn\u00e9e des incursions dans les villages, y compris dans les nouvelles zones,\nconstitue une importante menace \u00e0 l\u2019environnement protecteur populations habitant la zone limite\nentre les provinces d\u2019Ituri et du Nord Kivu, notamment Andiasa, Mamolo et Mapiamba, qui\npourraient \u00eatre les prochaines cibles d\u2019attaques de ces hommes si des mesures dissuasives ne sont pas\nprises par les autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Des risques d\u2019embuscades de la part des ADF demeurent aussi tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es, notamment sur les axes\nBeni-Kasindi, Mbau-Kamango, Mandumbi-Mangina et Oicha-Eringeti.\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire dans la zone concern\u00e9e durant le mois de d\u00e9cembre 2021 semble confirmer\nles pr\u00e9occupations du Cluster Protection. En effet, plusieurs attaques simultan\u00e9es dans diff\u00e9rents\nvillages par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s du groupe ADF au courant des deux premi\u00e8res semaines du mois de\nd\u00e9cembre 2021 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es. Depuis 30 novembre jusqu\u2019au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2021, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nADF ont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 au moins 31 attaques contre les populations civiles, notamment dans les Zones de\nSante de Vuhovi, Mutwanga, Oicha, Komanda, Boga, Kamago et Mandima. Ces attaques tr\u00e8s\nviolentes ont entra\u00een\u00e9 un bilan d\u2019au moins 161 personnes tu\u00e9es, et caus\u00e9 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019au moins 69\npersonnes. Plusieurs habitations, boutiques et autres biens (motos, v\u00e9hicules, cheptel, etc.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soit\nincendi\u00e9s soit pill\u00e9s.\n\nLe 25 d\u00e9cembre dernier, un attentat-suicide a eu lieu au centre-ville de Beni [9] ; entrainant la mort d\u2019au\nmoins 8 personnes et 20 bless\u00e9s. Certains observateurs estiment que cet attentat aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 par\nADF probablement en r\u00e9ponse aux pertes territoriales et humaines subies lors des op\u00e9rations\nconjointes FARDC-UPDF. Si cette hypoth\u00e8se est v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e, elle laisserait augurer la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une\nmultiplication de ce type d\u2019attaque, en plus des massacres r\u00e9currents commis par ce groupe.\n\n\n - _Plus d\u2019exposition de la population aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s._\n\nLes op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF sont men\u00e9es dans une zone qui \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s affect\u00e9e\npar la pr\u00e9sence des restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre et engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s. En effet, selon\nl\u2019Aper\u00e7u des besoins humanitaires 2022 (HNO 2022), \u00ab la RDC fait face \u00e0 un nouveau\nd\u00e9veloppement avec la menace des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) dans la province du NordKivu (territoire de Beni) et \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re entre l'Ituri et le Nord-Kivu (zone de Tchabi). \u00bb [10]\n\nLe groupe ADF vis\u00e9 par les op\u00e9rations FARDC/UPDF est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 \u00eatre le principal auteur des\nincidents lies aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s dans les deux provinces de l\u2019Ituri et Nord Kivu. Les\nacteurs de protection, notamment ceux intervenant dans le domaine de lutte anti-mine estiment\nque les menaces li\u00e9es aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s et les restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre vont\naugmenter par suite des op\u00e9rations contre ce groupe arm\u00e9, qui pourrait y recourir dans ces attaques\nde repr\u00e9sailles contre les civils ou pour saboter ou freiner l\u2019offensive des deux arm\u00e9es.\nDans la p\u00e9riode de novembre a d\u00e9cembre 2021, 7 incidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs ayant entra\u00een\u00e9\n9 morts et 23 bless\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s dans la zone (Ituri et Nord Kivu). L\u2019incident le plus\nsignificatif a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019attentat-suicide du 25 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Beni, \u00e9voqu\u00e9 plus haut.\n\n\n9 https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-59803003\n10 aper\u00e7u des besoins humanitaires 2022, DRC https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/node/273883\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - _Regain de tensions politiques int\u00e9rieures et renforcement du risque de_\n_l\u2019internationalisation du conflit arm\u00e9._\n\nSur le plan int\u00e9rieur, le lancement des op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF contre les ADF n\u2019a pas\n\u00e9t\u00e9 accueilli de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re au sein des acteurs politiques et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile en RDC. Alors\nque certains estiment que ces op\u00e9rations sont salutaires et qu\u2019elles pourraient contribuer \u00e0 ramener la\npaix dans cette zone, d\u2019autres en revanche appr\u00e9cient mal cette pr\u00e9sence des forces ougandaises en\nRDC d\u2019autant plus que cela leur rappelle le souvenir du r\u00f4le trouble de l\u2019Ouganda et d\u2019autres pays\nvoisins dans la d\u00e9stabilisation de l\u2019Est de la RDC. D\u00e9j\u00e0, en date du 28 novembre 2021, le Prix Nobel\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dr Denis Mukwege s\u2019indignait de la perspective de ces op\u00e9rations \u00e0 travers son compte twitter. [11] La\ngrande sensibilit\u00e9 politique que rev\u00eat la pr\u00e9sence des certaines forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res s\u2019est fait aussi sentir\n\u00e0 travers les manifestations violentes du 20 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Goma. Ces manifestations avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\norganis\u00e9es suite \u00e0 des rumeurs faisant \u00e9tat de l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la police rwandaise dans la\nville de Goma et sont survenues apr\u00e8s la signature d\u2019un accord de s\u00e9curisation entre Kinshasa et\nKigali.\n\nAu niveau r\u00e9gional (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res de la RDC), l\u2019intervention de l\u2019arm\u00e9e\nougandaise sur le sol congolais risque d\u2019aggraver les tensions entre certains pays frontaliers de la RD\nCongo \u00e0 l\u2019Est, particuli\u00e8rement entre le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda. En effet, le Rwanda accuse l\u2019Ouganda\nde soutenir des groupes arm\u00e9s qui lui sont hostiles et qui op\u00e8rent \u00e0 partir de la RDC, alors que\nl\u2019Ouganda maintient que le Rwanda appuie l\u2019opposition politique et arm\u00e9e du gouvernement\nougandais [12] . M\u00eame si officiellement, le Gouvernement du Rwanda a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas s\u2019opposer au\nd\u00e9ploiement de l\u2019UPDF en RDC, certains analystes affirment que Kigali observe ce d\u00e9ploiement avec\nsuspicion, car estimant que l\u2019Ouganda pourrait en profiter pour soutenir davantage les groupes\nrebelles hostiles au Rwanda notamment le FDLR [13] . Ce risque est \u00e0 analyser aussi en lien avec la\nr\u00e9surgence du M23 tel que d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 ci-dessus.\nSi jamais les tensions et suspicions entre ces pays s\u2019exacerbent, elles pourraient entrainer non\nseulement une guerre par procuration mais aussi un risque d\u2019affrontements directs entre les arm\u00e9s des\ndeux pays ou plus (\u00e0 noter que le Burundi, frontalier du Sud Kivu pourrait aussi entrer dans la\ncadence). Un nouveau conflit impliquant les pays voisins, m\u00eame par procuration, pourrait d\u00e9stabiliser\ndavantage la RDC, et m\u00eame provoquer une v\u00e9ritable crise de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n#### 2. Principales cat\u00e9gories de la population \u00e0 risque\n\n\nLes principales cat\u00e9gories particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux diff\u00e9rentes menaces d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es cidessus r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des profils, li\u00e9s aux caract\u00e9ristiques des individus / communaut\u00e9s, aux\nperceptions des acteurs aux conflits, et aux dynamiques des conflits observ\u00e9es.\n\n\nSur la probl\u00e9matique du non-respect du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites et lieux de\nregroupement des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les PDI et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil vivant aux alentours\nconstituent la majorit\u00e9 de la population a risque. Parmi celle-ci, 3 cat\u00e9gories de population sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 risque : 1) les femmes - risques accrus de violences sexuelles et autres VBG\ndans des espaces souvent mixtes (latrines/ douches) et de grande promiscuit\u00e9 ; 2) les enfants risques de recrutements forc\u00e9s, et autres multiples violations de droits humains dont celui de\n\n\n11 [https://twitter.com/DenisMukwege/status/1464991174989594631](https://twitter.com/DenisMukwege/status/1464991174989594631)\n12 [https://www.crisisgroup.org/fr/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/b150-averting-proxy-wars-](https://www.crisisgroup.org/fr/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/b150-averting-proxy-wars-eastern-dr-congo-and-great-lakes)\n[eastern-dr-congo-and-great-lakes](https://www.crisisgroup.org/fr/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/b150-averting-proxy-wars-eastern-dr-congo-and-great-lakes)\n13 [https://kongomani.wordpress.com/2021/12/09/second-thoughts-about-musevenis-new-adventures-in-the-](https://kongomani.wordpress.com/2021/12/09/second-thoughts-about-musevenis-new-adventures-in-the-drc/)\n[drc/](https://kongomani.wordpress.com/2021/12/09/second-thoughts-about-musevenis-new-adventures-in-the-drc/) [; http://congoresearchgroup.org/five-questions-regarding-ugandan-intervention-in-the-eastern-congo/](http://congoresearchgroup.org/five-questions-regarding-ugandan-intervention-in-the-eastern-congo/)\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ; 3) une cat\u00e9gorie plus h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne constitu\u00e9e de personnes qui pourraient \u00eatre\nsuspect\u00e9es de cacher un/des membres des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s, de collaborer avec un groupe arm\u00e9 rival\nou \u00eatre cibles de repr\u00e9sailles en raison d\u2019une appartenance ethnique ou communautaires similaire\n\u00e0 celle de l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n\nS\u2019agissant des populations \u00e0 risque du fait de l\u2019activisme renouvel\u00e9 du M23, on observe que\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent les cibles sont davantage les militaires FARDC, avec les attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre\nleurs bases militaires. Les populations civiles font aussi face aux risques inh\u00e9rents du d\u00e9placement\nforc\u00e9, m\u00eame s\u2019il s\u2019agit le plus souvent des d\u00e9placements de type pendulaire au gr\u00e9 des\naffrontements entre le M23 et les FARDC. Ces d\u00e9placements s\u2019accompagnent souvent de la\nmultiplication des violations des droits humains (violations VBG, agressions physiques,\nenl\u00e8vements pour ran\u00e7ons, extorsions, recrutements forc\u00e9s, entrave \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, etc.).\nLes membres de certaines communaut\u00e9s, notamment celles per\u00e7ues comme ayant des liens sociaux\navec le groupe M23 sont expos\u00e9s au risque de stigmatisation et aux attaques sous forme de\nrepr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\nLes menaces li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019intervention conjointe FARDC/UPDF aggravent les risques de protection\nparticuli\u00e8rement aux principales cat\u00e9gories des populations suivantes : 1) les populations civiles\nqui habitent les zones de replis ou dans les villages o\u00f9 les ADF passent pendant leur dispersion,\npassent en perp\u00e9trant des attaques violentes et en y commettant des massacres et diverses autres\nexactions (agressions physiques, enl\u00e8vements, VBG, etc. ; 2) Les groupes de population\nsuspect\u00e9es d\u2019avoir coop\u00e9r\u00e9 avec les autorit\u00e9s nationales (\u00e0 travers par exemple les initiatives civilomilitaires ) ou seulement d\u2019avoir eu des contacts avec celles-ci ; 3) Les populations habitant dans\nles zones aux alentours des bases ADF qui pourraient \u00eatre des victimes collat\u00e9rales de\nbombardements FARDC/UPDF ; 4) Les habitants de certaines agglom\u00e9rations autour de la zone\nd\u2019op\u00e9ration qui sont expos\u00e9es aux actes de terreur, de la part des ADF en r\u00e9action aux op\u00e9rations\nconjointes, comme il a\n\n#### 3. Capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention, de mitigation et de r\u00e9ponses\n\n\n3.1. Par rapport aux attaques contre les sites et le non-respect de leur caract\u00e8re civil.\n\nLa population affect\u00e9e (d\u00e9plac\u00e9s habitant les sites et la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te habitant aux alentours),\ndavantage fragilis\u00e9e par les incessants mouvements de population, a des capacit\u00e9s tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es pour\nr\u00e9sister \u00e0 la menace. En plus, certaines mesures d\u2019autoprotection initi\u00e9es par les membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 affect\u00e9e ont expos\u00e9 celle-ci a une plus importante menace, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019attaque contre les\nsites (une des attaques contre les sites aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 une action de repr\u00e9sailles contre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui\navaient d\u00e9nonc\u00e9s les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans le site).\nLes sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s font partie de la communaut\u00e9 environnante. Ainsi, tout le dispositif de protection\n(protection communautaire) mis en place par les acteurs humanitaire \u00e0 un impact sur la survie du site.\nDans la mesure du possible, ces m\u00e9canismes locaux relayent des informations aux acteurs partenaires\nhumanitaires, qui a leur tour essaient d\u2019apporter l\u2019assistance autant que faire se peut, tout en\nrenfor\u00e7ant le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des acteurs pertinents, notamment les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au Nord Kivu, l\u2019administrateur des sites, en l\u2019occurrence la CNR a men\u00e9 en septembre 2021, des\nformations aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s locales sur le respect du caract\u00e8re civil des sites.\nDes d\u00e9marches pour le d\u00e9veloppement des lignes directrices sur la sauvegarde et la vulgarisation du\ncaract\u00e8re civil des sites sont en train d\u2019\u00eatre entreprises par le Cluster Protection en collaboration avec\nle GT CCCM et la coordination humanitaire.\nCependant, ces m\u00e9canismes ont besoin d\u2019\u00eatre renforc\u00e9s \u00e0 travers des outils et protocoles pertinents,\nmais aussi \u00e0 travers un financement cons\u00e9quent du secteur protection et du CCCM. Il est \u00e0 rappeler\nque le CCCM n\u2019est toujours pas activ\u00e9e en RDC alors que le dernier rapport du Global CCCM (f\u00e9vrier\n2021) mentionne que la RDC r\u00e9pond aux crit\u00e8res d\u2019activation d\u2019un cluster par la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 des sites\nCCCM (nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de sites, vagues de d\u00e9placements continu, PDI dans les communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil, etc.).\n\n\nSur les capacit\u00e9s institutionnelles, notamment le r\u00f4le des autorit\u00e9s, il est \u00e0 noter l\u2019absence d\u2019une\nadministration consensuelle au sein des sites ou zones de regroupement des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nCela handicape non seulement l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la coordination des actions humanitaires, mais aussi\nemp\u00eache d\u2019assurer que les diff\u00e9rentes menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s soient\nrelay\u00e9es aux instances pertinentes et que des mesures de pr\u00e9vention soient prises en temps utile\npar les autorit\u00e9s pertinentes.\n\n\na. Par rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9surgence du M23 et aux op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF\n\nLes populations affect\u00e9es \u00e0 la fois par la recrudescence du groupe arm\u00e9 M23 et par l\u2019intervention\nconjointe des forces arm\u00e9es FARDC et UFDF ont pour la plupart d\u00e9j\u00e0 subi de multiples d\u00e9placements\nforc\u00e9s depuis des d\u00e9cennies, et ces situations de d\u00e9placements renforcent leurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et les\nrisques de protection qu\u2019elles encourent. Leurs capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience ne sont plus \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer, mais\nleurs capacit\u00e9s en termes d\u2019autoprotection restent faibles face aux effets des combats arm\u00e9s entre tels\ntypes de bellig\u00e9rants. En plus des dommages collat\u00e9raux, ces populations font face \u00e0 de multiples\nviolations des droits humains (d\u00e9crites pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment) assez souvent commis par des acteurs tr\u00e8s\npuissants, parfois aussi \u00e0 des repr\u00e9sailles en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des soup\u00e7ons de contacts ou de collaboration\navec un des acteurs au conflit, ou calqu\u00e9es sur des appartenances communautaires.\nFace \u00e0 cela, les dispositifs de protection communautaires mis en place par les acteurs humanitaires\nont des impacts positifs sur la pr\u00e9vention des violations (cf : diffusion des informations disponibles\npour plaidoyers, diffusions d\u2019alertes) et sur leurs r\u00e9ponses. Les d\u00e9fenseurs locaux des Droits de\nl\u2019Homme et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile doivent \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es pour rendre les dispositifs plus efficients et\ndurables.\nLes formations en DH et DIDH au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des acteurs au conflit sont fondamentales et doivent \u00eatre\npoursuivies et renforc\u00e9es ; cela est \u00e9galement \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s sure pour l\u2019acheminement de\nl\u2019aide humanitaire pour les populations affect\u00e9es.\nLa faiblesse de la gouvernance dans les zones affect\u00e9es rend plus difficile la r\u00e9ponse \u00e9tatique locale\naux populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4. Recommandations et points d\u2019action\n\n_**Aux Autorit\u00e9s Nationales**_ :\n\n\u27a2 D\u00e9ployer plus d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de la police autour des sites et autres centres d\u2019accueil de\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s, notamment ceux habit\u00e9s par les communaut\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement cibl\u00e9es par des\nCODECO et autres groupes arm\u00e9s, ainsi que sur des axes permettant aux humanitaires\nd\u2019apporter de l\u2019aide d\u2019urgence aux populations affect\u00e9es ;\n\u27a2 Aux autorit\u00e9s provinciales (Ituri et Nord Kivu) d\u2019assurer ou renforcer une administration\n\ncivile au sein de chaque site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, afin de faciliter la coordination des actions\nhumanitaires et d\u2019assurer que les diff\u00e9rentes menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont relay\u00e9es aux instances pertinentes et que des mesures de pr\u00e9vention soient\nprises en temps r\u00e9el ;\n\u27a2 Restaurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019\u00e9tat dans les zones d\u2019accueil des personnes\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es et assurer leurs droits contre toutes sorte de violation\n\u27a2 Ordonner la conduite des investigations officielles afin d\u2019obtenir la condamnation des\n\nauteurs des diff\u00e9rentes violations des droits humains, notamment les instigateurs des\nattaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, pour contribuer \u00e0 renforcer le syst\u00e8me de lutte contre\nl\u2019impunit\u00e9 et pour une justice \u00e9quitable pour tous.\n\u27a2 Instruire au commandement des FARDC engag\u00e9es dans les op\u00e9rations conjointes avec\n\nUPDF de prendre des mesures de protection de la population civile, notamment en\nd\u00e9ployant des patrouilles et unit\u00e9s mobiles autour des localit\u00e9s alentours de la zone\nd\u2019op\u00e9ration ainsi que sur les axes que les ADF pourraient emprunter dans leur dispersion\n\u27a2 Instruire aux autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires ainsi qu\u2019aux unit\u00e9s FARDC et de PNC\n\nd\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans ces zones de s\u2019abstenir de stigmatisation ou de toute tentative de\nrepr\u00e9sailles contre des communaut\u00e9s qui sont per\u00e7ues comme sociologiquement proches\nde certains groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n_**A la MONUSCO :**_\n\n\u27a2 Apporter appui aux autorit\u00e9s nationales en d\u00e9ployant des unit\u00e9s de police (UNPOL) dans\n\nles zones ou les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont \u00e0 risque d\u2019\u00eatre attaqu\u00e9es et s\u2019assurer que les mesures\nprises par ces unit\u00e9s et celles de la PNC en vue de prot\u00e9ger les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et de garantir le\ncaract\u00e8re civil des sites sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es selon les r\u00e8gles du Droit International des droits de\nl\u2019homme et du Droit international humanitaire ;\n\u27a2 D\u00e9ployer des patrouilles dans des zones des diff\u00e9rentes op\u00e9rations militaires pour, en appui\n\naux autres forces en pr\u00e9sence, assurer la protection des civils contre les diff\u00e9rentes attaques,\ny compris celles sous forme de repr\u00e9sailles, de la part des diff\u00e9rents groupes, notamment\nADF ;\n\u27a2 Organiser des formations, y compris des sessions de rappel, en Droit International\n\nHumanitaire aux diff\u00e9rents aux autorit\u00e9s, PNC et FARDC op\u00e9rant dans la zone concern\u00e9e ;\n\u27a2 Aux sections substantives pertinentes d\u2019engager des dialogues communautaires dans les\n\nzones susceptibles de connaitre des tensions interethniques afin de pr\u00e9venir la survenance\nou l\u2019escalade de celles-ci ;\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2 Prendre des dispositions, en coordination avec les deux forces (FARDC/UPDF) pour\n\nassurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires afin qu\u2019ils puissent acheminer l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire aux populations affect\u00e9es par les op\u00e9rations conjointes.\n\n\n_**Au Coordonnateur Humanitaire et l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays :**_\n\n\n\u27a2 Engager les autorit\u00e9s nationales ainsi que le commandement des FARDC impliqu\u00e9s dans\n\nles op\u00e9rations conjointes avec UPDF d\u2019\u00e9tablir des m\u00e9canismes de communication et\ncoordination avec les acteurs humanitaires selon les principes CMCoord, afin de garantir\nun environnement propice \u00e0 la planification et au d\u00e9ploiement de l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\u27a2 Engager les autorit\u00e9s nationales et le commandement des op\u00e9rations conjointes\n\nFARDC/UPDF afin qu\u2019ils pr\u00e9servent les biens des personnes ainsi que les infrastructures\nsociales de base, notamment les \u00e9coles et les centres de sant\u00e9.\n\u27a2 Mobiliser les financements ad\u00e9quats et flexibles pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins d\u00e9j\u00e0 identifi\u00e9s,\n\net pour couvrir les diff\u00e9rents plans de contingence \u00e9tablis aux fins de pr\u00e9parations face \u00e0\ndes situations s\u00e9curitaires et humanitaires hautement impr\u00e9visibles.\n\u27a2 Engager le Gouvernement de la RDC pour que des d\u00e9marches diplomatiques n\u00e9cessaires\n\nsoient entam\u00e9es afin de pr\u00e9venir un regain de tensions qui pourrait entrainer un\naffrontement direct ou indirect des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res sur le sol de la RDC.\n\n_**Aux acteurs humanitaires intervenant dans la zone :**_\n\n\n\u27a2 Organiser des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation et d\u2019\u00e9changes sur le respect du caract\u00e8re civil et\n\nhumanitaire des sites \u00e0 tous les acteurs et aux leaders communautaires ;\n\u27a2 D\u00e9velopper des activit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion sociale, de cohabitation pacifique inter et\n\nintracommunautaire en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le vivre ensemble\n\u27a2 Mettre \u00e0 jour la situation des besoins sectoriels et \u00e9laborer ou adapter les plans de\n\ncontingence aux risques en pr\u00e9sence, afin d\u2019assurer une bonne pr\u00e9paration aux urgences eu\nune capacite d\u2019intervention rapide.\n\u27a2 Pr\u00e9parer ou r\u00e9viser les plans de contingence op\u00e9rationnels adapt\u00e9s aux risques en pr\u00e9sence\n\u27a2 Aux acteurs de protection d\u2019\u00e9tablir ou renforcer les m\u00e9canismes locaux de protection,\n\nsurtout dans les zones ou l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaires est restreint.\n\n# **Cluster Protection \u2013 RDC**\n\n### Pour plus d\u2019information, contacter:\n\n\nCoordonnateur National\n**Steve Ndikumwenayo**\nndikumwe@unhcr.org\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fcaf9b4-72d6-3ebc-bea3-96e758e252fa/Analyse%20de%20protection%20%E2%80%93%20provinces%20de%20l%E2%80%99Ituri%20et%20du%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20focus%20sur%203%20facteurs%20de%20d%C3%A9gradation%20de%20la%20situation%20humanitaire%20et%20de%20protection%20%28novembre%20-%20d%C3%A9cembre%202021%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_245/raw/doc_245_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_245/raw/doc_245_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9985519806fc403cbfeb2546ea52e4a50e82709c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_245/raw/doc_245_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Analyse de Protection**\n\n## **Renforcement de la coordination du cluster Protection** **dans les r\u00e9gions de S\u00e9gou et de San.**\n\n_**Mai 2024**_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **I. Contexte**\n\nPERSONNES DANS LE\n\nBESOINS (PIN)\n\n\n**710 798**\n\n\n\nINCIDENTS VICTIMES ANNEE 2023 1 [er] Trimestre 2024\n**114** **351** **1 155** **1 279**\n\n\n\nINCIDENTS LIES AUX ENGINS\nEXPLOSIFS IMPROVISES (EEI)\n\n\n\nINCIDENTS DE PROTECTION\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9gions de San et S\u00e9gou, situ\u00e9es au centre du Mali \u00e0 des distances respectives de 423 km (San) et 240\nkm (S\u00e9gou) de la capitale Bamako, abritent une importante population de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\noriginaires du Burkina Faso. Au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2023, ces deux r\u00e9gions enregistrent un total de 12 806 [1]\nm\u00e9nages h\u00e9bergeant 47 734 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, majoritairement des femmes et des filles\nrepr\u00e9sentant 27 637 individus, ainsi que des hommes et des gar\u00e7ons d\u00e9plac\u00e9s au nombre de 20 097 et\nvivant au sein de familles d'accueil.\n\n\nDurant le premier trimestre de l'ann\u00e9e 2024, la situation de protection s'est progressivement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e\ndans ces r\u00e9gions en raison de la pr\u00e9sence d'acteurs arm\u00e9s sur les axes et des op\u00e9rations militaires, cr\u00e9ant\nun climat particuli\u00e8rement impr\u00e9visible pour les populations civiles \u00e9tablies dans les villages et hameaux\nrecul\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9gions de S\u00e9gou et San, r\u00e9put\u00e9es conservatrices, exacerbent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes et des filles.\nLa femme, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le pilier familial, voit la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre normalis\u00e9e, avec des\npratiques telles que les mariages forc\u00e9s et les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines. La situation s\u00e9curitaire et\nhumanitaire a \u00e9galement un impact \u00e9conomique n\u00e9gatif, en particulier pour les femmes dans les secteurs\ninformels, expos\u00e9es \u00e0 une exploitation accrue en raison de la pr\u00e9sence croissante d'organisations\nhumanitaires. L'absence de services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s et de coordination aggrave la situation dans ces r\u00e9gions,\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration s\u00e9curitaire et \u00e0 un risque accru de VBG.\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es recueillies par le monitoring de protection du HCR indiquent que ces r\u00e9gions ont enregistr\u00e9\nun total de 1 155 [2] incidents sur toute l'ann\u00e9e 2023. En revanche, rien qu'au cours du premier trimestre\nde 2024, ce nombre est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 1279 incidents. Cette hausse significative des attaques en d\u00e9but de\ntrimestre met en \u00e9vidence des lacunes en mati\u00e8re de coordination du au faible partage d\u2019informations,\nau manque de planification strat\u00e9gique entre acteurs, \u00e0 la faiblesse des m\u00e9canismes de signalement et\nde suivi ne permettant pas une vision globale et coh\u00e9rente des besoins de protection. Une coordination\ninsuffisante entre acteurs impliques dans la protection entraine une fragmentation des efforts, des\ninformations incompl\u00e8tes et une r\u00e9ponse inad\u00e9quate aux incidents pouvant traduire cette augmentation.\n\n\n1\nDTM Sept 2023\n\n2 Donn\u00e9es issues du monitoring de protection du HCR\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **Aper\u00e7u des incidents de protection**\n\n\n**Tendances et risques de protection**\n\n\nL'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, les r\u00e9gions de San et de S\u00e9gou r\u00e9gions ont enregistr\u00e9 un total de 1155 incidents de\nprotection, notamment des atteintes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (287 cas, soit 25%), des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 (262 cas, soit 23%) ainsi que des mouvements de populations (pr\u00e9ventif ou forc\u00e9s). Ces types\nd'incidents incluent des agressions physiques, des traumatismes \u00e9motionnels, des extorsions et des\npertes de logement, de terres cultivables et d'autres ressources vitales pour les populations,\nprincipalement caus\u00e9s par les actions des acteurs arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours du premier trimestre 2024, un total de 1279 incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s. Les violations les plus\nfr\u00e9quentes comprennent les atteintes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique/psychique avec 376 incidents, suivies des\nmouvements de populations repr\u00e9sentant 374 incidents document\u00e9s. Ces incidents sont en hausse par\nrapport au m\u00eame trimestre de l'ann\u00e9e 2023. Entre 2021 et 2023, la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou, plus sp\u00e9cifiquement,\na constat\u00e9 une hausse significative du nombre d'incidents impliquant des engins explosifs, dont pr\u00e8s de\nla moiti\u00e9 des victimes \u00e9taient des civils.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIl est important de souligner que dans la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou, les incidents continuent d'augmenter,\nnotamment dans les cercles de Macina, Dioro et de Niono, o\u00f9 l'on observe des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et\nd\u2019incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pose d\u2019engins explosifs le long des axes routiers :\n\n\n - _iIncidents du 1er f\u00e9vrier : enl\u00e8vement de 04 agriculteurs dans le village de Touba, cercle de Dioro,_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - _Incidents du 14 avril : enl\u00e8vement de 06 hommes dans le village de Tienkourou (cercle Macina)_\n\n - _Incidents du 24 avril : Axe Molodo-Bamana et Gondila, enl\u00e8vements apr\u00e8s torture de 04 hommes_\n_commune de Kala-Siguida, r\u00e9gion de Niono_\n\n - _Incidents du 27 avril : enl\u00e8vements de 03 hommes dans le village de diabaly, cercle de niono\u2026_\n\n\nAu cours du mois de mars 2024 au total 540 incidents document\u00e9s dans ces r\u00e9gions (comprenant entre\nautres 252 mouvements de populations, 140 cas d\u2019extorsions et de pillage, 49 assassinats et des cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9. Ces incidents ont lieux plus particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 S\u00e9gou dans les cercles de Macina\net de Niono.\n\n\nCette situation impacte les 12 communes du cercle de S\u00e9gou entrainant des mouvements de population\nen direction de la ville de Macina et de San (1482 personnes la semaine du 22 avril) fragilisant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nservices sociaux de base (fermeture des \u00e9coles, non fonctionnalit\u00e9 de l\u2019administration etc..). La situation\ns\u00e9curitaire dans le cercle de Macina en particulier entraine des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s significatives,\nentravant \u00e9galement l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\nPar ailleurs, il convient de noter que les cercles de la r\u00e9gion de San restent relativement calmes.\nCependant, \u00e9tant proche de la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou, ils pourraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre impact\u00e9s par l'instabilit\u00e9\ncroissante de la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n1. **Les atteintes aux personnes**\n\n\n**a)** **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\n\nEn 2023, les One Stop Centers des r\u00e9gions de San et S\u00e9gou ont document\u00e9 un total de 92 incidents de\nviolence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG), dont 38 \u00e0 San et 54 \u00e0 S\u00e9gou [3] . Pour le premier trimestre de 2024, on a\nenregistr\u00e9 11 cas \u00e0 San et 18 cas \u00e0 S\u00e9gou. Toutes les survivantes de ces incidents \u00e9taient des femmes ou\ndes filles.\n\n\n\nCes statistiques ne repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre pas pleinement\nla r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou la gravit\u00e9 de la VBG dans ces r\u00e9gions. En effet,\nil existe un manque croissant de services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Selon\nla cartographie des services VBG, seuls les One Stop\nCenters proposent une prise en charge compl\u00e8te de la\nVBG. Cependant, en raison de pressions culturelles, de\npeur de stigmatisation et de la distance entre les centres\net les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es, ces centres sont peu\n\nDe plus, en l'absence d'un cadre de coordination efficace des interventions, il semble que plusieurs\norganisations communautaires, voire des ONG intercantonales, interviennent dans ces localit\u00e9s sans une\ncoordination VBG visible au niveau national et r\u00e9gional.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 Rapport annuel GBVIMS 2023\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b)** **Risque affectant les enfants**\n\n\nEn 2023, les action des acteurs du sous cluster protection dans les r\u00e9gions de San et S\u00e9gou ont donn\u00e9 une\nassistance psychosociale \u00e0 15,048 enfants, identifi\u00e9 et pris en charge 320 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et\nenfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et 102 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\nLes affrontements entre les forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et les groupes arm\u00e9s ont un impact d\u00e9vastateur sur les\n\n\nDans le cadre du cluster Protection, il est constat\u00e9\nque dans la commune de Monimp\u00e9bougou, cinq\n\nTougou, Woulango, Mogompiela, Somona et\nKonomani. Selon le DCAP de Macina, un total de 26\n\u00e9coles r\u00e9parties dans les communes de\n\nSouley, Matomo et Folomana sont \u00e9galement\nferm\u00e9es, affectant l\u2019apprentissage de 1 028 enfants.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotons que la fermeture des \u00e9coles perturbe non seulement l\u2019apprentissage des enfants, mais elle affecte\n\u00e9galement leur \u00e9quilibre \u00e9motionnel, leur bien-\u00eatre et les exposent \u00e0 des risques tels que l\u2019exploitations\n(travail forc\u00e9) et le recrutement dans les groupes armes.\n\n\n**c)** **Risques li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs (EEI/REG)**\n\n\nSelon les derniers chiffres publi\u00e9s par UNMAS en juillet 2023, il y a eu 114 incidents d\u2019engins explosifs et\n351 victimes, d\u00e9signant S\u00e9gou (ancien d\u00e9coupage administratif) comme la r\u00e9gion la plus affect\u00e9e (37%\ndes incidents entre janvier \u00e0 juillet 2023). La proportion de victimes civiles a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9,\npassant de 25% en 2021 \u00e0 presque la moiti\u00e9 de la totalit\u00e9 des victimes en 2023 (44%). La cartographie\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire d\u2019OCHA a signal\u00e9 97 contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s en 2023 dans la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou, dont 58\nli\u00e9es aux engins explosifs. Au premier trimestre 2024, un total de 66 incidents d\u2019engins explosifs a \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9 dans le pays, dont 47 au Centre (S\u00e9gou et Mopti).\n\nLa hausse de l\u2019utilisation des engins explosifs, en particulier les engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI), ciblant\nles op\u00e9rations militaires, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une dispersion plus large de ces dispositifs sur des axes routiers,\naugmente les risques d\u2019accidents pour les populations civiles. La menace explosive affecte gravement la\nmobilit\u00e9 des populations, et limite leur acc\u00e8s aux services de base, y compris l\u2019aide humanitaire. La\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire se traduit dans une augmentation des mouvements forc\u00e9s des populations, avec une\nplus forte concentration des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans les centres urbains, notamment Macina\nville et S\u00e9gou ville, n\u00e9cessitant des r\u00e9ponses de protection (et en particulier LAMH) rapides et adapt\u00e9es \u00e0\ncette situation.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les r\u00e9ponses ciblant les besoins en mati\u00e8re de lutte antimines restent limit\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions de San et\nS\u00e9gou. Cependant, des interventions sont en cours de d\u00e9marrage, l\u2019ONG DanChurchAid (DCA) et son\npartenaire Association pour l\u2019Appui aux Populations Rurales du Mali (AAPPOR), avec des activit\u00e9s\nd\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques et d\u2019assistance aux victimes ciblant les zones de Macina, Niono, San et Tominian,\nainsi que par l\u2019ONG AMSS, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sente dans la zone \u00e0 travers le monitoring de protection.\n\n\n**III.** **Pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle**\n\n\nCi-contre un aper\u00e7u de la\ncarte illustrant la\npr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle\ndes acteurs de protection\ndans les deux r\u00e9gions. On\nconstate une couverture\nlimit\u00e9e des acteurs dans\nles localit\u00e9s 07 \u00e0 S\u00e9gou et\n04 \u00e0 San, la plupart \u00e9tant\nconcentr\u00e9s dans les villes\net pas n\u00e9cessairement\nd\u00e9ploy\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re\nsyst\u00e9matique dans les\nzones o\u00f9 les incidents\nsont les plus fr\u00e9quents.\nCette sousrepr\u00e9sentation peut\n\u00e9galement \u00eatre due au faible renseignement des outils du cluster protection.\n\nL\u2019augmentation des incidents lies aux besoins de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans la zone n\u00e9cessite un\nd\u00e9ploiement plus important d\u2019acteurs humanitaires de tout le secteur et particuli\u00e8rement ceux des\nsecteurs Protection, VBG et Protection de l\u2019Enfant. A titre d\u2019exemple, le lead du sous cluster protection\nde l\u2019enfant a cibl\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou pour ses interventions soutenues par le CERF en 2024 et est donc en\ntrain d\u2019encourager et soutenir un d\u00e9ploiement progressif d\u2019organisations de protection de l\u2019enfant pour\nrenforcer la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans les cercles de Niono, S\u00e9gou, San et Macina particuli\u00e8rement. Cette\ninitiative doit n\u00e9cessairement \u00eatre encadr\u00e9e par un renforcement des capacit\u00e9s de coordination en\nProtection dans la zone pour couvrir les lacunes en mati\u00e8re de coordination et soutenir la r\u00e9ponse du\nsecteur Protection localement.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV.** **Recommandations**\n\n**Pour le Cluster Protection**\n\n\n - **Renforcer** la coordination entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs de protection et entre les acteurs de\ndiff\u00e9rents domaines de responsabilit\u00e9, permettant non seulement une r\u00e9ponse rapide et\nadapt\u00e9e, mais aussi le suivi/ r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement efficace des personnes assist\u00e9es\n\n - **Planifier** une mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation multisectorielle\n\n - **Former les acteurs** pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 S\u00e9gou et \u00e0 san sur le remplissage des outils de collecte et de gestion\nde l\u2019information du cluster protection\n\n - **Intensifier les activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation s** ur le respect des droits de l\u2019hommes\n\n - **Identifier et mobiliser les principaux acteurs de la lutte contre la VBG**, dont les ONG les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales, les services de sant\u00e9, les forces de l'ordre, les organisations f\u00e9minines, les institutions\njudiciaires. Leur implication active est cruciale pour une approche compl\u00e8te et inclusive.\n\n - **Renforcer la coordination** en \u00e9tablissant ou consolidant des structures solides assurant une\nr\u00e9ponse harmonis\u00e9e aux besoins des populations civiles affect\u00e9es \u00e0 S\u00e9gou et San.\n\n - **Organiser des rencontres mensuelles** r\u00e9unissant les acteurs et les coordonnateurs de tous les\nsecteurs de la protection\n\n - **Augmenter les sensibilisations aux risques** d\u2019EE ciblant d\u2019une part la population civile et d\u2019autre\npart les acteurs humanitaires\n\n - **Assurer des r\u00e9ponses LAMH \u00ab agiles \u00bb** (par ex. \u00e9ducation aux risques d\u2019urgence \u00e0 la suite des\nincidents) et ciblant des populations de plus en plus mobiles \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une augmentation du\nnombre des PDI dans les chefs-lieux du cercle (Macina, S\u00e9gou ville)\n\n\ni Flashs issus du monitoring de protection\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a32350-2961-40e6-ac67-5ed16b70635d/Analyse%20environnement%20de%20protection%20des%20regions%20de%20Segou_San_v2%20Final%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_246/raw/doc_246_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_246/raw/doc_246_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 43b85476f46b3cdece2b507890bb5f6e3f95567f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_246/raw/doc_246_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Analysis of the Recent** **Events in Yemen** **Impacting Protection** **Activities**\n\nJuly, 2024\n\n\nPrepared By:\n\n## **Protection Cluster**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Current Situation** ........................................................................................ 3\n\n**II.** **Funding for Protection programming in Yemen** ................................ 4\n\n**III.** **Banking Crisis, Recent Security Incidents, and Escalating**\n**Protection Risks** .................................................................................................... 4\n\n**IV.** **Exacerbated Protection Risks** .................................................................. 4\n\n\n**V.** **The Impact on Protection Activities** ....................................................... 4\n\n**VI.** **Recommendations** ...................................................................................... 8\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nsignificantly impacting protection efforts. The combination of funding\nconstraints, exacerbated by recent banking system disruptions and security\nincidents, has compounded the difficulties faced by protection actors in\ndelivering essential life-saving protection services. This short analysis explores\nthese critical challenges, examines their effects on protection activities, and\noutlines potential recommendations for addressing them.\n\n### **I. Current Situation**\n\n\nCurrently, Yemen faces a volatile security situation marked by incidents that\nrestrict freedom of movement, hinder access to beneficiaries, and jeopardize\nthe safety of humanitarian staff. These security challenges not only disrupt daily\noperations but also undermine the delivery of essential services to vulnerable\npopulations.\n\nCompounding the security challenges is a banking crisis that has paralyzed\nfinancial transactions and delayed the implementation of humanitarian\nactivities. The crisis has led to a complete halt of some protection activities and\nsignificantly slowed down others due to liquidity constraints. Moreover, the\nbanking crisis has further prompted certain donors to consider suspending or\nwithdrawing funding, further exacerbating the humanitarian situation in the\ncountry. As a result of recent events, one donor ceased funding for protection\nactivities in Yemen, raising significant alarm among humanitarian actors. This\nwithdrawal from a major donor has caused widespread concern, as it threatens\nthe stability and continuity of crucial protection services for vulnerable\npopulations. There is growing fear that this move could set a troubling\nprecedent, potentially leading other donors to equally consider suspending or\nwithdrawing their support. These challenges collectively undermine efforts to\ndeliver essential assistance and protection to those in need throughout the\ncountry.\n\nPartners engaged in protection activities face a spectrum of challenges that\nsignificantly influence their capacity to deliver critical protection services to\nvulnerable populations. This analysis highlights the profound impact of liquidity\nissues and security incidents on operational effectiveness and service provision\nto the people in need.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. Funding for Protection programming in Yemen**\n\nTraditionally, there is already low funding for protection interventions in Yemen.\nAs of July 2024, the Financial Tracking Services indicates that Protection and\nAoRs are funded by a meager 37 percent of required funds. This underscores\na broader failure to recognize protection as a life-saving activity that requires\nappropriate funding for stand-alone protection programming as well as for\nintegrated approaches.\n\n### **III. Banking Crisis, Recent Security Incidents, and Escalating** **Protection Risks**\n\nYemen\u2019s humanitarian situation is heavily impacted by ongoing security\nincidents, which hinder operational effectiveness, coupled with a banking crisis\nthat has led to severe disruptions and in some cases, funding withdrawal.\n\nThe ongoing banking crisis is placing additional strain on households and\nheightening social tensions, which in turn exacerbates protection risks. This is\nparticularly evident in increased tension among the affected population and\ncommunity networks, increase in incidents of abuse and exploitation, limited\naccess to essential services by vulnerable groups, as reported by protection\npartners.\n\n### **IV. Exacerbated Protection Risks**\n\nProtection partners have reported a significant rise in unmet basic protection\nneeds, as a direct consequence of halted and/or reduced protection services.\nThe delay or suspension of these services has heightened risks for vulnerable\ngroups, leaving them more exposed to exploitation, abuse and neglect.\n\n### **V. The Impact on Protection Activities**\n\nThe banking crisis, combined with the associated deterioration in the security\nsituation, have impacted the implementation of protection programming\nthrough:\n\n1. Reduction, delay and Suspension of critical protection services\n2. Authorities\u2019 increased interference in Protection Programs\n3. Freedom of movement restrictions, increased risks to staff safety\n\nincluding risk of detention and increase of tensions with the\ncommunities.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following attempts to provide more detail on these three impacts.\n\n### **1.Reduction, delay and suspension of critical protection services**\n\n\nNational Protection Cluster Activity Info Reports, July 2024\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cluster's mid-year activity report, recent events have severely impacted:\nassessments, awareness-raising, and protection monitoring activities. In May\nand June 2024, these activities were either reduced (70% for awareness raising\n& 30% for protection monitoring) or came to a complete halt (protection\nassessments).\n\nAccess to documentation, HLP case management, livelihoods, and cash for\nprotection significantly decreased due to the liquidity crisis in April and May.\nThe disruption in the issuance of IDs, livelihood activities, distribution of cash\nfor protection, provision of HLP response, has left many families struggling to\nmeet their basic needs.\n\nProtection partners have provided the following examples of how this financial\nsituation is directly impacting their work: In Sa\u2019ada, a community center will be\nclosed as a donor is withdrawing funding, leading to the discontinuation of\ncritical protection services for close to 5,340 individuals.\n\nIn Abyan, one partner reports significant delays in implementing cash for\nprotection due to the inability to retain staff. There has been a suspension of\ncash for protection programming in Al-Dhale'e, Al-Hudaydah, and Hadramout.\nIn Lahj-Aden, partners have reported that they are unable to pay staff salaries,\nare facing legal issues with creditors and lessors, and cannot spend new funding\nfor their projects. In Marib, the inability to pay staff salaries has caused the\ncessation of emergency support activities such as the provision of electronic\nIDs and assisting vulnerable groups (GBV, CP, PWSNs). Partners face staff\nresignation and challenges in paying rent and suppliers.\n\nIn Amran, some partners have had to redirect funds from other projects to fill\nthe gaps in liquidity to respond to emergency cases. One partner reported that\nto circumvent the daily withdrawal limit, they have had to ask staff to go and\npersonally withdraw cash from banks to implement emergency cash assistance.\nAnother partner in Amran has had to suspend cash assistance, ID provision and\nlegal representation.\n\nThe Yemen Humanitarian Fund (YHF) is an example of how the financial crisis\nis directly and immediately impacting protection partners. While some\nprotection partners have partially or fully accessed the first installment of the\ninitial funding, subsequent installments are pending as it is unclear how\npartners can withdraw this funding. OCHA estimates that nearly $13.5 million\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "new YHF standard allocation may be untenable.\n\nUncertainty regarding future funding prospects has created a precarious\nsituation for ongoing and planned protection activities. The Financial Tracking\nService data for the 2024 HRP as of July 24, 2024 indicates that the Protection\nCluster and AoRs are funded by 37 percent of the required funding, at 62.7M\nUSD, although an independent survey by the Cluster on funding availability\nshows 52.5M USD, accounting for just 31 percent of required funding.\n\n### **2.Authorities\u2019 increased interference in Protection Programs**\n\n\nAuthorities' oversight and restriction of protection activities was already a\nsignificant obstacle for protection partners. Programs like GBV/CP case\nmanagement, PSS, legal aid, and protection monitoring struggle to meet\nauthorities' criteria for 'direct program costs,' as they primarily require staff\ncosts.\n\n\nSCMCHA in AA controlled areas has imposed stringent measures that further\ncomplicate humanitarian efforts, including the requirement that all activities be\ncoordinated exclusively through their office and the use of only approved data\ncollection tools. SCMCHA has also criticized certain agencies for non-compliance\nand fund mismanagement, leading to suspensions and delays. Additionally,\nstaff are cautioned to adhere strictly to SCMCHA's recent directives, which\nrequire clearances for data collection forms and training and capacity-building\nactivities. Failure to comply could jeopardize their security. SCMCHA also\nemphasizes that partners must respect cultural sensitivities by avoiding\nirrelevant questions and honoring Yemeni traditions.\n\n### **3.Freedom of movement restrictions, increased risks to staff** **safety including risk of detention and increase of tensions with** **the communities**\n\n\nRecent detentions of humanitarian workers have disrupted operations and\n\nraised safety concerns among humanitarian actors. Concerningly, a partner\n\n\nreported their staff are at risk of detention, primarily in AA-controlled areas.\n\nThis organization is working to secure alternative funding to sustain its\n\nprogramming and is in discussions with local authorities to address the issue of\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "services.\n\n\nFrequent security and bureaucratic processes delay the deployment of\n\npersonnel and resources, reducing operational agility and responsiveness in\n\ncrisis-affected regions. In the Sana\u2019a hub, AA authorities have recently rejected\n\n\nmissions to certain areas in Marib, particularly in underserved areas.\n\n\nIn Hudaydah Hub, staff movements have been significantly reduced to mitigate\n\nthe risks associated with movement restrictions. It is also noticeable that the\n\n\nauthorities are delaying responses to movement clearance requests and\n\noutright rejecting some of them, further hampering the ability of humanitarian\n\nactors to operate effectively and reach those in need.\n\n\nAdditionally, Mahram restrictions continue to deter staff from mission-travel.\n\n\nDelays in services and the complete suspension of activities in certain areas\n\nhave resulted in increased community tensions. This has affected community\n\n\nmorale, heightened protection risks, and worsened the vulnerabilities of\n\nbeneficiaries. Furthermore, the complete halt of activities in some areas has\n\ntriggered community discontent and resistance. Media campaigns have further\n\ncontributed to negative perceptions of humanitarian actors, impacting their\n\nsafety and complicating efforts to rebuild trust and resume operations.\n\n### **VI. Recommendations**\n\n\nThe consequences of inaction are dire and far-reaching. The recent security\nevents, ongoing banking crisis as well as continued funding shortfalls\nexacerbate the protection crisis in the country. Without immediate intervention,\ngaps in protection services could result in increased violence, further\ndisplacement, and a loss of livelihoods.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**To National Protection Cluster & AoRs**\n\n\ninfluence policy changes and regulatory reforms at the governmental and\nbanking levels. This includes advocating for simplified banking procedures,\nincreased daily withdrawal limits, and exemptions for humanitarian operations.\n\n\nAdvocate on behalf of partners to SCAMCHA in AA controlled areas, highlighting\nthe challenges and the impact of stringent requirements on humanitarian\noperations. Request SCMCHA to consider a more streamlined and transparent\napproval process to facilitate smoother operations and alleviate partners'\nconcerns.\n\nEngage in continuous dialogue with Yemeni authorities to emphasize the critical\nimportance of protection activities. Highlight how these activities align with\nhumanitarian principles and cultural sensitivities to gain their support.\n\nCollaborate with other humanitarian actors and stakeholders to present a\nunified voice in advocating for fewer restrictions and greater flexibility in\nprotection programming.\n\n- **Sustaining & Integrating Protection Activities:** It is essential to maintain\nstand-alone protection activities, which are critical due to their life-saving\nnature, especially in areas controlled by AA where they encounter no resistance\nfrom authorities. Additionally, foster inter-sectoral collaboration and integrated\nprogramming among different clusters (e.g., health, education, livelihoods) to\nensure that protection considerations are seamlessly incorporated into all\nactivities. This approach will enhance the overall support provided to vulnerable\npopulations and address any gaps created by the lack of standalone protection\ninterventions due to funding limitations or authority restrictions.\n\n\n**To HCT**\n\n- **Higher-Level Advocacy:** Continue to collaborate with international and\nregional humanitarian bodies, governmental entities, and central banks to\nadvocate for long-term solutions to banking system disruptions in Yemen.\n\n- **Emphasize the Centrality of Protection:** Advocate at the highest levels to\nstress the importance of protection activities in humanitarian response efforts.\nEnsure that protection remains a central focus and is integrated into all aspects\nof the humanitarian response.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the necessity of integrating protection services alongside other essential\nhumanitarian interventions.\n\n\n- **Engage with Authorities:** Continue the dialogue with local and national\nauthorities to advocate for the safety and security of humanitarian workers.\n\n- **Enhance efforts** **to build trust within communities** through proactive and\nculturally sensitive engagement. Counter misinformation and align\nhumanitarian actions with community needs.\n\n- Advocate for negotiations with authorities to **facilitate the implementation**\n**of critical human rights, gender, and protection programs** by key\nagencies (e.g., UNHCR, OHCHR, UNWOMEN) in accordance with international\nstandards.\n\n- **Increase diplomatic initiatives** with the AA Authorities and other key\nstakeholders to facilitate the immediate release of detained personnel. Utilize a\ncombination of discreet diplomacy and public communication effectively.\n\n- **Enhance coordination among UN agencies, NGOs INGOs, and donors**\nto ensure a unified response to access and operational challenges.\n\n\n\u27a2 **To OCHA**\n\n\n- Conduct briefing sessions and learning workshops with humanitarian actors\n(UN, INGOs, NNGOs) to ensure a **thorough understanding of the Joint**\n**Operating Principles** and the accountability framework.\n\n- **Enhanced Funding:** Seek flexible funding mechanisms to mitigate the impact\nof liquidity constraints and implementation delays caused by the banking crisis.\n\n- **Logistical Support:** To address operational delays caused by movement\nrestrictions and bureaucratic hurdles, partners are engaging with local\nauthorities and international partners to streamline permit processes and\nensure timely clearance for field activities. However, these efforts require the\nconsistent support and push by OCHA and the humanitarian leadership in\nYemen.\n\n- **Prevent Restriction and Exclusion:** Advocate against any attempts to\nrestrict or exclude protection activities. Promote the recognition that protection\nactivities are crucial for the safety and well-being of vulnerable populations and\nmust be included in the response efforts.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2 **To Donors**\n\n\nas well as security crises in Yemen have further exacerbated the pre-existing\nmarginalization of different groups and communities, and further increased\ntheir exclusion, including persons with disabilities, the Muhamasheen, older\npeople and women, with an estimated 80% still unable to access humanitarian\nassistance. Furthermore, protection has been one of the main challenges for all\nof the population of Yemen, requiring lifesaving flexible approaches to\nprotection services, including GBV response services, Child Protection services,\ncash assistance, and many other services. Donors should honor their\nrecognition that the centrality of protection is an essential part in the Yemeni\nresponse, and provide flexible funding to assist all those that require assistance,\nregardless of their status, based on clear needs identified through meaningful\nparticipation of all affected communities, including host communities. Funding\nshould particularly target stand-alone and integrated protection assistance, and\nprovide critical services to people living with disabilities, women and girls\nimpacted by the crisis as well as children, minority groups and older people.\n\n- **Support Operational Continuity:** Ensure that recent events do not impact\nfunding for programs directly benefiting Yemeni people in DFA-controlled areas.\nFunding should be kept flexible to accommodate necessary program\nadjustments and ensure continued investment across all regions of Yemen.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fb28385-df0c-491e-811f-1d5e98ba1ec5/Analysis%20of%20Recent%20Events%20in%20Yemen.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_247/raw/doc_247_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_247/raw/doc_247_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 930f50b650a8a5668c9fa23df2d00fe4ab0c2e22..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_247/raw/doc_247_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PILOT PROJECT FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSERTION OF VULNERABLE**\n**POPULATION IN A SITUATION OF MOBILITY IMPLEMENTED UNDER THE**\n**INTERMINISTERIAL COMMISSION FOR COMPREHENSIVE MIGRATION**\n**MANAGEMENT (CIAIMM IN SPANISH)**\n\n\nThe movement of Haitian nationals across the American continent marked\na new trend in human mobility in the Americas in the second half of 2021.\n\n\n\nAccording to official figures from the\nGovernment of Panama, between January\nand December 2021, more than 133,000\npeople would have crossed irregularly the\nborder between Colombia and Panama, a\ngeographical area better known as the Darien\nGap. Nearly 90,000 of these people were\nHaitian nationals, albeit mostly originating from\n\n\n\nBrazil and Chile where the majority have lived\nfollowing the devastating 2010 earthquake\nthat shook that small island nation causing\naround 250,000 deaths and displacing more\nthan 1.5 million people. A considerable number\nof children part of these mixed movements\nwere born in Brazil or Chile and have therefore\nBrazilian or Chilean nationality.\n\n\nUNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Increased insecurity as well as the gradual\ndeterioration in the socioeconomic\nconditions in their country of origin and the\nabsence of work or legal alternatives to\nstay in the countries of previous residence\n-particularly exacerbated by the economic\ncrisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemictriggered a journey northward of tens of\nthousands of people of Haitian origin in\nthe Americas. These movements -mixed in\nnature- began arriving at Mexico\u2019s southern\nborder as of March 2021, giving rise to a\nsituation without precedents for both host\ncommunities and Mexican authorities.\nTheir need of protection, coupled with the\nimpossibility of returning to their country of\norigin and the absence of legal alternatives\nto remain in -or transit through- Mexico,\nprompted a sharp increase in the number of\npeople claiming asylum before the Mexican\nCommission for Refugee Assistance\n(COMAR). In a year in which the number of\npeople claiming asylum in Mexico surpassed\nall historical figures with more than 131,000\nclaims, COMAR - with the support of the\n\n\n\nUN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) - registered\nmore than 62,804 asylum seekers of Haitian\nnationality, including their dependents,\nmostly of Brazilian and Chilean nationality.\n\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s Annual Statistical\nReport, as of 31 December 2021, 4% of\nthe 73,504 recognized refugees in Mexico\nwere of Haitian nationality. Likewise, 33%\nof the total 157,180 asylum seekers as of 31\nDecember 2021 were Haitian.\n\n\nAccording to the latest Displacement\nTracking Matrix (DTM) presented by IOM in\n2022 entitled Profiling of the population of\nHaitian origin in Mexico, 74% of the people\nconsulted stated to have an intend to remain\nin the country. This data, together with the\npercentage of negative cases of refugee\nstatus recognition, puts on the table the\nneed for legal alternatives for these people\nto remain, taking into account that this is\na population group that requires special\nconsideration in view of their protection\nneeds.\n\n\n\n\n## **4%**\n\n**Haitian**\n**nationality**\n\n\n\n\n## **33%**\n\n**Haitian**\n**nationality**\n\n\n\nUNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **United Nations and the Government of Mexico - Working** **together to find protection solutions and legal stay alternatives**\n\n\n\nIn addition to the support provided\nto refugees, the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the\nInternational Organization for Migration\n(IOM) and the Government of Mexico\nhave been working together to support\nlegal alternatives for vulnerable mobile\npeople, among whom are those who have\nnot applied for asylum before COMAR or\nwho have different needs. Approved on\n16 December 2021 by the Interministerial\nCommission for Comprehensive Migration\nManagement (CIAIMM in Spanish), UNHCR\nand IOM began the comprehensive\nrelocation, labour insertion and integration\nproject in January 2022 through the\nimplementation of various mechanisms:\n\n\nThe first mechanism consists of the\nidentification by IOM of Haitian families in\n\n\n\nTapachula (Chiapas) that have at least one\nSpanish-speaking member of productive\nage (25 to 49 years old), with the willingness\nand profile to join the formal labour market.\nThe identification mechanism of potential\ncandidates and the preparation for local\nintegration of those selected is carried out\nin cooperation with the National Institute\nof Migration (INM) for the issuance of a\nHumanitarian Visa (Tarjeta de Visitante\npor Razones Humanitarias or TVRH, in\nSpanish) and the Haitian consulate for the\nissuance or renewal of passports. IOM will\nalso accompany the effective integration of\nthe Haitian population through attention to\nthe specific protection needs of vulnerable\npeople part of the joint project, language\nlearning, cultural orientation, and training\nand sensitization on migration issues for\ncompanies.\n\n\nThey are being assisted in their\nintegration as of April 5, 2022\nwithin the framework of the\ncomprehensive project of\nrelocation, labor insertion and\naccompaniment to integration\nimplemented under the CIAIMM.\n\n\nUNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For its part, UNHCR has contributed to\nthis joint project both the experience and\nknow-how acquired through the integration\nof more than 18,000 people in need of\ninternational protection and the support\nnetwork it has built through its flagship local\nintegration program (or PIL, in Spanish),\nwhich has been implemented in Mexico\nsince 2016. This includes being able to\noffer to this population formal employment\nopportunities through the 260 companies\npart of its network, and accompaniment for\ntheir integration. In this sense, this project\nseeks not only to provide stability through\ndecent livelihoods, but also to complement\nthe route to lasting integration through\nUNHCR\u2019s personalised accompaniment\nin academic integration of children and\nadolescents, access to basic public services\nsuch as health, access to housing, vocational\n\n\n**UNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022**\n\n\n\ntraining, revalidation of studies, access\nto university scholarships, certification of\nprimary and secondary education as well as\nskills certification and, lastly, through family\nreunification and naturalization.\n\n\nIn addition to the labour integration strategy\nfor the Haitian population already in\nMexico, there is a medium-term component\nimplemented by IOM whose objective is\nto establish mechanisms that allow people\nto access jobs and regular migratory\nstatus in Mexico from their countries of\norigin. In relation to this component, the\nIOM has established contacts with various\ngovernmental and private sector actors to\nannounce the initiative and work on the\nbases for establishing mechanisms that will\nallow for regular, safe and orderly migration\nfrom the countries of origin.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **PROGRESS TO DATE**\n\n**Between January and the first week of April 2022, a total of 62 people of Haitian origin**\n**have been supported in their integration after being relocated from Tapachula to San**\n**Luis Potosi, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the INM.** The\ncollaborative relationship between United Nations agencies and Mexican Government\nauthorities has helped shape and establish the pillars required for the effective integration of\nthis population group through the issuance of stay and work permits needed in the framework\nof the labour inclusion project for Haitian nationals.\n\n\n**In January 2021, the first family of three members was identified under the joint UNHCR-**\n**IOM local integration project.** One week after their relocation to San Luis Potosi, one of\nthe adults was formally employed, the family had access to health services, had received\naccompaniment on their migration procedures and had moved into rented housing. The child\nis currently attending school and an educational grant is being processed through UNHCR to\ncontinue supporting the family temporarily in their integration.\n\n\nSimilarly, **of the seven cases (13 people) who were relocated to San Luis Potosi in March, all**\n**of them already have a formal job offer and started working the first week of April.** UNHCR\nand IOM will continue to assist them in view of their specific migratory requirements and in\naccordance with their specific protection needs, as well as in the search for housing which is\nfacilitated through a one-time economic integration support, they already received on March\n31. UNHCR will continue to provide assistance to help them access to health services and in\nschool insertion of the children and adolescents who are part of this group.\n\n\nUNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Furthermore, **46 people of Haitian origin**\n**channelled under this same initiative**\n**arrived in San Luis Potos\u00ed at the beginning**\n**of April** and are currently in the induction\nweek that allows them to acquire the tools\nto successfully begin their integration\nprocess. UNHCR will continue to provide\nthem with the necessary assistance to\nlink them to the job offers available in\nSan Luis Potos\u00ed and to accompany them\nin the other needs they require for their\neffective integration. IOM will continue to\naccompany the migration and protection\nprocesses of this group in response to\ntheir specific vulnerabilities.\n\n\nThanks to the close relationship and\ncommunication channels established\nbetween the private sector in San\nLuis Potos\u00ed and UNHCR, the business\ncommunity has shown a remarkable\nopenness to the incorporation of\nHaitian nationals into their workforces.\nL\u2019Oreal, MABE, Bimbo, Oxxo and the\nJapanese automotive companies Nissin\nand Midori Nanjo are just some of the\ncompanies that have vacancies available\nfor the population relocated under this\nproject. These relationships will also be\nstrengthened with the coordination of\nIOM and the private sector on migration\nissues.\n\n\nThe initiative to integrate vulnerable,\nmobile people into Mexico\u2019s labour\nforce has proven to be not only a\npositive strategy for stabilizing mobile\npopulation, but also a successful\neconomic development strategy for the\nregion and the private sector. This initial\nphase of the project plans to assist 200\nHaitian families in 2022 through their\nsocioeconomic integration into Mexico\u2019s\nhost communities and be potentially\nimplemented for a larger number of\nbeneficiaries nationwide starting in 2023.\n\n\nUNHCR / ACNUR \u2013 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5569d914-ab39-3c10-936d-84ae01e7d6b5/April%202022_Pilot%20Project%20UNHCR%20IOM%20Local%20Integration%20Haitian%20Population%20%282%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_248/raw/doc_248_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_248/raw/doc_248_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 80ffaf8d46d40eaf4ff859432c06d187f9337551..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_248/raw/doc_248_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,331 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3 **2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd** 4\n\n\n#### **\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a**\n## **1**\n\n\n\n\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0631/ \u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u060c \u0648 / \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a5\n\n\n\n\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0629 \ufffd\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062b \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\n\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0640\u0640\u063920.5% \u060c \u0641\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0640\u0640\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0628\u06292022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\n\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a33.1% \u0646\u0633 **\u0640** \u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \ufffd **\u0640** \u0629 = \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 **\u0640** \u062f\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u062c\u0650\u0651 \u0644\u064b \u2013 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0639 **\u0640** \u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633 **\u0640** \u0628\u0629 **\u0640**\n) \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u06450,1( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634 **\u0640** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639 **\u0640** \u0647\u0627 \u0645 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0631 **\u0640** \u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0645 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a **\u0640** \u062f\u0627\u0631 **\u0640** \u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642 **\u0640**\n\n\n\n.. \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u06452022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a", - "confidence": 0.8914021849632263, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9096413850784302, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5095964670181274, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - 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null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7 **2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd**\n\n\n#### **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629**\n## **3**\n\n\n\n\u0642\u064f\u062f **\u0640** \u0646 \u0642 **\u0640** 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**\u0640** \u062a \u0645 **\u0640** \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646 **\u0640** \u060c \u0642\u0631\u0628 **\u0640** \u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0643 **\u0640** \u062926%( **\u0640** \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f \u0645\u0631\u064a **\u0640** \u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\n\n\nhttps://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-violence. 8\n\n\n\n. 27783-marriages-in-2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**100** **90** **80** **70** **60** **50** **40** **30** **20** **10**\n\n\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\n\n\u060c40% \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0628\u0629 **\u0640** \u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633 **\u0640** \u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0647 **\u0640** \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635 **\u0640** \u064a \u062a\u0649 **\u0640** \ufffd\u064a \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646 **\u0640** \u062f\u062f \u062d **\u0640** \u0627\u0636 \u0639 **\u0640**\n\n\u0644\u062a6% 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\u0639\u0646\u0647 **\u0640** \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635 **\u0640** \u064a \u062a\u0649 **\u0640** \ufffd\u064a \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646 **\u0640** \u062f\u062f \u062d **\u0640**\n\n\n\n- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a19- \u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0651 \u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f6\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0641) \u2013 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\n\n\n\n:2021\u060c\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\nhttps://www.unicef.org/mena/media/11956/file/Child%20Marriage%20in%20the%20context%20\nof%20COVID-19-%20MENA%20Regional%20Analysis_High%20Res%20(1).pdf.pdf\nhttps://www.jordannews.jo/Section-109/News/Jordan-witnessed-decline-in-registered-child- 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0623\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062a", - "confidence": 0.5927621722221375, - "start": 2476, - "end": 2478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9 **2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd**\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\ufffd\u0629 **\u0640** \u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 **\u0640** \u064a \u0633\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \ufffd **\u0640** \u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a **\u0640** \u0649 \u0623\u0642 **\u0640** 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\u0645\u060c \u0645 **\u0640** \u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647 **\u0640**\n\n\n\n. /https://genderdata.worldbank.org/data-stories/overview-of-gender-based-violence 9\n\n\n\n. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064710\n20VAWG%20%https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw57/side_events/Fact%20sheet%20 11\n\n\n\n. with%20disabilities%20FINAL%20.pdf\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629-\u0628", - "confidence": 0.5120577812194824, - "start": 493, - "end": 495 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\ufffd\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0631", - "confidence": 0.6910917162895203, - "start": 1696, - "end": 1701 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\n\n\n\n\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u063912\n\n)\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064119-\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f\nhttps://www.unicef.org/documents/gender-based-violence-service-provision-during-covid-19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7300029397010803, - "start": 2025, - "end": 2027 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13 **2022** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufffd \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645 **\u0640** \u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 **\u0640** \u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0649 **\u0640** \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a **\u0640**\n\n\n\n. \u0647\u0627\u062a **\u0640** \u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 **\u0640**\n\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0640\u0640\ufffd\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0640\u0640\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0640\u0640\ufffd\u064a \n\n\n.\u0645\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640 \u0644\u062a \u0644\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0640\u0640\ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**:\u0623\u0639\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f167d968-5457-4433-8f76-342e80aa3ae1/Arabic%20GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2005.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_249/raw/doc_249_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_249/raw/doc_249_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9769567841e9c1538f1c58e7846f67487d2d3587..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_249/raw/doc_249_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,234 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 August 2023\n\n\nOverview\n\n\nAt the end of August 2023, Southern Africa hosts around **8.9 million people that UNHCR has the**\n**mandate to protect** . They include 781,500 refugees, 202,600 asylum-seekers, 32,400 others of concern,\n6.6 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) induced by conflicts. To that figures, it should be noted that\n700 refugees and 1.2 million IDPs have returned during the reporting period. In addition, 1 million people\ndisplaced as a result of climate change and disaster. The most siginificant change related to the\nreturning IDPs whose number has increased by 750,000 since July 2023. **The Democratic Republic of**\n**Congo (DRC) hosts 85 per cent of the population in the region** .\n\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\n\nThere are **1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern** hosted in the region and 75 per cent\noriginate from countries outside Southern Africa region. [1] The top five countries of origin are: Central African\nRepublic (244,000), Rwanda (238,000), Democratic Republic of the Congo (220,000), Burundi (85,700) and\nSouth Sudan (57,500).\n\n\nInternally Displaced Persons (IDPs)\n\n\nIn the Southern Africa region, **87 per cent of the internally displacements is caused by conflicts** . Around\n1.2 million individuals returned from internal displacement in DRC and Mozambique due to durable solutions.\nIDPs induced by conflicts are reported in DRC, Congo and Mozambique, and IDPs induced by disaster are\nreported in DRC, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.\n\n\nChildren among the refugee population in Southern Africa\n\n\nOut of the 781,500 recognised refugees in Southern Africa half are children. There are equal number of\nboys and girls. Globally 41 per cent of refugees are children. Countries with high proportion of children are\nDRC, Malawi, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana with over 45% children. Only five of the 16 countries in the\nregion report data on education with an average gross enrolment rate is 53%. Individual country rates vary\nfrom 64% in Malawi to 23% in Botswana.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 1 proportion of children among refugees in RBSA and gross enrolment rates.\nAngola has 63% of refugees without age and sex distribution. Education data is from the\nGlobal Refugee Data collection.\n\n\n1 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola (AGO),\nBotswana (BWA), Comoros (COM), Congo (COG), DRC (COD) Eswatini (SWZ), Lesotho (LSO), Madagascar (MDG), Malawi (MWI), Mauritius (MUS),\nMozambique (MOZ), Namibia (NAM), Seychelles (SYC), South Africa (ZAF), Zambia (ZMB) and Zimbabwe (ZWE).\n\n\nUNHCR/Aug 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Refugee Data collection", - "confidence": 0.9922354817390442, - "start": 460, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "age and sex distribution", - "confidence": 0.5725787281990051, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa region", - "confidence": 0.7558748126029968, - "start": 466, - "end": 469 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9531489610671997, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n##### **POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 31 August 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n\n**521,633** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2,207** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (257,439), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 31 August 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 August 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES*\n\n2,223 698 648 877\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 20 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 67)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 77)**\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 381)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 237)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UGA**\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**ZMB**\n\n\n**MWI**\n\n\n**MOZ**\n\n\n\n**581**\n\n\n**518**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**233**\n\n\n**202**\n\n\n**164**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|COD
ZMB 359
UGA 281
MWI 190
MOZ 141|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**359**
**281**
**190**
**141**
**COD**
**ZMB**
**UGA**
**MWI**
**MOZ**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements
I
25%
Outward
movements
28%
shown are restricted only to movements of
of asylum, due to the change of nationality o|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,223
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flows
first country
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,223
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flows
first country
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n\nAs of 31 August 2023\n\n\nMAP OF VOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n##### 7,590\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatriated since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriated\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2023\n\n\n##### 690 6,900\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriated\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n**6,692**\n\n\n**Zambia**\n**440**\n\n\n**South Africa**\n**225**\n\n**Namibia**\n**96**\n**Mozambique**\n**90**\n**Malawi**\n**38**\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n**21,089**\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation, DRC = Democratic of Republic of the Congo, CAR = Central African Republic **Note: The figure of May 2023 was revised and readjusted in June 2023 Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n###### 1,363 5,846\n\n\n**Cases** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Active Cases***\n###### 1,413 5,948\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Member by**\n**Country of Submission**\n\n\n###### 529 2,548\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Quota**\n###### 8,842 66%\n\n\n**Allotcated Quota** **% of Submission vs Quota**\n\n**Balance (Quota/Submission) :** 2,996\n\n\n**Departure Cases by Age and Gender**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases***\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 August 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\nContry of Origin Country of Asylum Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members** **Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum** **by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**673**\n\n\n**642**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MWI 1,974 ZMB
ZMB 1,552 ZWE
ZWE 985 ZAF
NAM 671 MWI
ZAF 381 MOZ
MOZ 126 NAM
COD 84 MAD
COG
BWA 20
COD|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1,974**
**1,552**
**985**
**671**
**381**
**126**
**84**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,974**
**1,552**
**985**
**671**
**381**
**126**
**84**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,974**
**1,552**
**985**
**671**
**381**
**126**
**84**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,974**
**1,552**
**985**
**671**
**381**
**126**
**84**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Active Case and Case Member and Departure Case figures have been proportionned from PRIMES dataport as of 26 October / inforrmation not available on RSR site.\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COD", - "confidence": 0.62298583984375, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRIMES dataport", - "confidence": 0.8325243592262268, - "start": 1199, - "end": 1201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR PRIMES", - "confidence": 0.9922979474067688, - "start": 1216, - "end": 1218 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR RBSA DIMA", - "confidence": 0.5632341504096985, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1236 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report", - "confidence": 0.9927627444267273, - "start": 1219, - "end": 1223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5691361427307129, - "start": 1222, - "end": 1223 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR RBSA DIMA", - "confidence": 0.5122610330581665, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1236 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As of 31 August 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 31 August 2023*** - \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: The figures are subject to change; *IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; the numbers in Nzakara, Wenze and Sidi in DRC are as of 31 May 2023; ***self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as\ntheir names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a0be3f6-463a-4aca-81ce-2008a97a1895/Aug%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_25/raw/doc_25_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_25/raw/doc_25_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7c001ad602130267d4ada3e808e5af3dee444a3a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_25/raw/doc_25_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# United Nations E/CN.3/2020/15 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General\n\n18 December 2019\n\n\nOriginal: English\n\n\n**Statistical Commission**\n**Fifty-first session**\n3\u20136 March 2020\nItem 3 (k) of the provisional agenda*\n**Items for discussion and decision: civil registration and**\n**vital statistics**\n\n## **Introduction of the United Nations Legal Identity Agenda:** **a holistic approach to civil registration, vital statistics and** **identity management**\n\n\n**Report of the Secretary-General**\n\n\n_Summary_\n\n\nThe present report was prepared in accordance with Economic and Social\nCouncil decision 2019/210 and past practices. The Statistical Commission is invited\nto endorse the United Nations Legal Identity Agenda as a holistic approach to civil\nregistration, vital statistics and identity management in the context of extending the\nInternational Programme for Accelerating the Improvement of Vital Statistics and\nCivil Registration Systems, initially adopted by the Commission at its twenty-sixth\nsession; to urge all countries to implement the United Nations Legal Identity Agenda\nas a matter of priority; and to take note of the existing methodological framework for\nthat purpose.\n\n\nPoints for decision by the Commission are contained in paragraph 7 of the report.\n\n\n - [E/CN.3/2020/1.](https://undocs.org/en/E/CN.3/2020/1)\n\n\n19-22012 (E) 020120\n_***1922012***_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-CRVS-E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**E/CN.3/2020/15**\n\n## **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. Recognizing the critical importance of functioning and universal civil\nregistration for the production of reliable, comprehensive, regular and accurate small\narea vital statistics, the Statistical Commission adopted the International Programme\nfor Accelerating the Improvement of Vital Statistics and Civil Registration Systems\n[at its twenty-sixth session (E/1991/25-E/CN.3/1991/32, para. 121 (a)). Under the](https://undocs.org/en/E/1991/25(supp))\nProgramme, the Commission approved and endorsed three revisions of the _Principles_\n_and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System_, [1] as well as extended series of\nhandbooks and guidelines on the management, operation and maintenance of civil\nregistration and vital statistics systems, [2] on the legal framework, [3] on communication [4]\nand on policies and protocols for safeguarding civil registration records. [5]\n\n\n2. In implementing the International Programme, the Statistics Division of the\nDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat developed, organized\nand conducted a series of workshops in all regions of the world (with the exception\nof Europe), introducing the methodological framework for civil registration and vital\nstatistics, with the participation of over 100 countries and over 400 professionals from\ncivil registration, official statistics, public health and identity management, as\nregularly reported to the Statistical Commission in yearly reports.\n\n## **II. United Nations Legal Identity Agenda**\n\n\n3. Having noted substantial initiatives in a number of Member States to institute\nand deploy biometric identity credentials to the population that were unconnected to\nthe functioning of civil registration and vital statistics systems, and in an effort to\nprovide Member States with consolidated advice, the Deputy Secretary-General\nestablished the United Nations Legal Identity Expert Group, co-chaired by the\nStatistics Division, the United Nations Development Programme and the United\nNations Children\u2019s Fund and composed of 12 United Nations agencies and\n\n\n**__________________**\n\n1 _Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System, Revision 1_ (United Nations\n\npublication, Sales No. E.73.XVII.9), _Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics_\n_System, Revision 2_ (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XVII.10) and _Principles and_\n_Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System, Revision 3_ (United Nations publication, Sales\nNo. E.13.XVII.10).\n2 _Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: Management, Operation and_\n\n_Maintenance_ (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.XVII.11) and \u201cHandbook on Civil\nRegistration and Vital Statistics Systems: Management, Operation and Maintenance, Revision 1\u201d,\nNew York, United Nations, 2018.\n3 _Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: Preparation of a Legal Framework_\n\n(United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.XVII.7) and \u201cGuidelines on the legislative\nframework for civil registration, vital statistics and identity management\u201d, New York, United\n[Nations, 2019, available at https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/Handbooks/crvs/CRVS_GOLF_Final_Draft-E.pdf)\n[Methods/files/Handbooks/crvs/CRVS_GOLF_Final_Draft-E.pdf.](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/Handbooks/crvs/CRVS_GOLF_Final_Draft-E.pdf)\n4 _Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: Developing Information, Education_\n\n_and Communication_ (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.XVII.4) and \u201cHandbook on\ncivil registration, vital statistics and identity management systems: communication for\ndevelopment\u201d, New York, United Nations, 2019.\n5 _Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: Policies and Protocols for the_\n\n_Release and Archiving of Individual Records_ (United Nations publication, Sales\nNo. E.98.XVII.6) (under revision).\n\n\n**2/3** 19-22012\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-CRVS-E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**E/CN.3/2020/15**\n\n\nprogrammes. [6] The purpose of the Group was to establish a unified United Nations\nposition with regard to the life cycle approach to legal identity by promoting the\nholistic model of civil registration, vital statistics and identity management, both at\nthe normative level and on the ground.\n\n\n4. In the process, and working closely with the World Bank, the United Nations\nLegal Identity Expert Group developed the operational United Nations definition of\nlegal identity. Legal identity is defined as the basic characteristics of an individual\u2019s\nidentity, for example, name, sex, and place and date of birth, conferred through\nregistration and the issuance of a certificate by an authorized civil registration\nauthority following the occurrence of birth. In the absence of birth registration, legal\nidentity may be conferred by a legally-recognized identification authority; this system\nshould be linked to the civil registration system to ensure a holistic approach to legal\nidentity from birth to death. Legal identity is retired by the issuance of a death\ncertificate by the civil registration authority upon registration of death.\n\n\n5. On the basis of this definition, the United Nations Legal Identity Expert Group\ndeveloped and introduced the United Nations Legal Identity Agenda, which consists\nof the holistic approach to ensure complete civil registration and universal registration\nof all vital events, the production of regular, comprehensive and accurate vital\nstatistics, and the establishment and maintenance of population registers and identity\nmanagement apparatus from birth to death. There should be full interoperability\nbetween these functions in a simultaneous manner, in accordance with international\nstandards and recommendations. [7]\n\n\n6. The United Nations Legal Identity Agenda builds on the existing methodological\nframework for civil registration and vital statistics as developed under the auspices\nof the International Programme for Accelerating the Improvement of Vital Statistics\nand Civil Registration Systems and expands it to ensure a holistic and interoperable\napproach between civil registration, vital statistics production and identity\nmanagement. As described in paragraph 1 above, the work on updating the existing\nframework, consisting of the _Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics_\n_System_ and supporting handbooks and guidelines, to incorporate the holistic approach\nis almost complete.\n\n## **III. Action to be taken by the Statistical Commission**\n\n\n7. **The Commission is invited:**\n\n\n(a) **To endorse the United Nations Legal Identity Agenda as a holistic**\n**approach to civil registration, vital statistics and identity management in the**\n**context of extending the International Programme for Accelerating the**\n**Improvement of Vital Statistics and Civil Registration Systems;**\n\n\n(b) **To urge all countries to implement the United Nations Legal Identity**\n**Agenda as a matter of priority;**\n\n\n(c) **To take note of the existing methodological framework for that purpose.**\n\n\n**__________________**\n\n6 Economic Commission for Africa, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,\n\nInternational Organization for Migration, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for\nHuman Rights, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations\nChildren\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Entity for Gender\nEquality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), United Nations Population Fund,\nWorld Food Programme, World Health Organization and Department of Economic and Social\nAffairs of the United Nations Secretariat.\n7 The United Nations Legal Identity Agenda is elaborated in a background document entitled\n\n\u201cUnited Nations strategy for legal identity for all\u201d.\n\n\n19-22012 **3/3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-CRVS-E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_250/raw/doc_250_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_250/raw/doc_250_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e202e725ac06745de0e51b211827f1a718d14f2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_250/raw/doc_250_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 180**\n\n# **Climate change, disaster,** **displacement and migration:** **initial evidence from Africa**\n\n\n**Vikram Kolmannskog**\n\n\nNorwegian Refugee Council\n\n\n[E-mail: veok@hotmail.com](mailto:veok@hotmail.com)\n\n\nDecember 2009\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues.\nThe papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under\n\u2017publications\u2018 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nIn its First Assessment Report in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\n(IPCC) stated that the gravest effects of climate change may be those on human mobility.\nOver the last year, some progress has been made within both the academic and the\nhumanitarian policy community in seeking answers to some basic questions arising from\nthis issue, such as how and where people are displaced, who and how many are displaced,\nand how (if at all) they are protected. In parallel, work has been done to highlight this\nissue in the climate change negotiations. [1]\n\nThe 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)\nprovides the common international framework to address the causes and consequences of\nclimate change. In 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC authoritatively\nestablished that human-induced climate change is accelerating and already has severe\nimpacts on the environment and human lives. [2]\n\nAlthough there is not a mono-causal relation between climate change, disasters,\ndisplacement and migration, the existence of a clear link between the phenomena is\nincreasingly recognised. [3] This paper presents some initial empirical findings in relation to\nthis link, focusing on two African countries: Somalia and Burundi.\n\n**A typology and some numbers**\n\nTo address the need for basic answers to inform policy, advocacy and operations, an\nexpert group was established in 2008 under the Inter-Agency Standing Committee\n(IASC). A typology based on the work of the Representative to the UN Secretary General\non the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, was further developed in a joint\n\n\nThis paper is published with the kind permission of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), and draws on\nmaterial from NRC\u2018s 2009 report _Climate Changed: People Displaced._ The author would also like to thank\nthe Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs who made this research possible through generous funding.\n1 The following submissions from humanitarian agencies to the UNFCCC specifically address migration\nand displacement:\n\na) Change, Migration and Displacement: Who will be affected? Working paper submitted by the\n\ninformal group on Migration/Displacement and Climate Change of the IASC \u2013 31 October 2008 to\n[the UNFCCC Secretariat, available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/022.pdf](http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/022.pdf)\nb) Climate change, migration and displacement: impacts, vulnerability and adaptation options,\n\nSubmission by the IOM, UNHCR and UNU, in cooperation with NRC and the RSG on the Human\nRights of IDPs, 6 February 2009, available at\n[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/031.pdf](http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/031.pdf)\nc) Forced displacement in the context of climate change: Challenges for states under international\n\nlaw, Submission by UNHCR in cooperation with NRC, the RSG on the Human Rights of IDPs\n[and UNU, 15 May 2009, available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/smsn/igo/049.pdf](https://email.ifrc.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=b1810fe6c3df46fdbc68a2353aae3551&URL=http%3a%2f%2funfccc.int%2fresource%2fdocs%2f2009%2fsmsn%2figo%2f049.pdf)\nd) Climate change and statelessness: An overview, Submission by UNHCR supported by IOM and\n\n[NRC 15 May 2009, available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/smsn/igo/048.pdf](https://email.ifrc.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=b1810fe6c3df46fdbc68a2353aae3551&URL=http%3a%2f%2funfccc.int%2fresource%2fdocs%2f2009%2fsmsn%2figo%2f048.pdf)\n2 _The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change_, available at\n[www.ipcc.ch](http://www.ipcc.ch/)\n3 See for example Kolmannskog, 2008, _Future floods of refugees_, Oslo: Norwegian Refugee Council,\n[available at http://www.nrc.no/arch/_img/9268480.pdf](http://www.nrc.no/arch/_img/9268480.pdf)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "paper to clarify how people can be displaced in the context of climate change and their\nprotection status. [4] Based on this typology, the UN Office for the Coordination of\nHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre of NRC\n(IDMC) carried out a study to start addressing the question of how many people are\ndisplaced. [5]\n\nA significant impact of climate change is the increase in the frequency and severity of\ncertain hazards. Hazards combined with vulnerability can result in disasters. [6] The overall\ntrend shows that the number of recorded natural disasters has doubled from\napproximately 200 to over 400 per year over the past two decades. [7]\n\nThe majority are climate-related disasters \u2013 that is, disasters which climate change can\ninfluence both in terms of frequency and severity. These include the meteorological (for\nexample storm), the hydrological (for example flood), and the climatological (for\nexample drought). According to the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator, this situation of\nmore frequent and severe disasters may be \u2015the new normal\u2016. [8]\n\nThe first category of the IASC typology concerns displacement linked to sudden-onset\ndisasters, such as floods and storms. According to the OCHA-IDMC study, more than 20\nmillion people were displaced due to climate-related sudden-onset disasters in 2008.\n\nThe second IASC category concerns displacement linked to slow-onset disasters, such as\ndrought. According to the OCHA-IDMC study, more than 26.5 million people were\nreported affected by 12 droughts in 2008, but estimates for displacement are not readily\navailable. Determining the element of force and ascribing causation is much more\ncomplex than in sudden-onset disasters. A particular slow-onset disaster case, which is\nseparated out as a third category in the IASC typology, is that linked to sea-level rise and\nresulting in loss of state territory, as in the case of small island states.\n\nThe final IASC category concerns the indirect displacement link through conflict. The\ntwo main schools of thought in environmental conflict research are the neo-malthusians\n\n\n4 Informal Group on Migration/Displacement and Climate Change of the IASC, 2008, Climate Change,\nMigration and Displacement: Who will be affected?: Working paper submitted by the informal group on\nMigration/ Displacement and Climate Change of the IASC - 31 October 2008, available at\n[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/022.pdf](http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/smsn/igo/022.pdf)\n5 OCHA and IDMC/NRC, 2009, _Monitoring Disaster Displacement in the Context of Climate_\n_Change_, available at http://www.internal[displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/12E8C7224C2A6A9EC125763900315AD4/$file/m](http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/12E8C7224C2A6A9EC125763900315AD4/$file/monitoring-disaster-displacement.pdf)\n[onitoring-disaster-displacement.pdf](http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/12E8C7224C2A6A9EC125763900315AD4/$file/monitoring-disaster-displacement.pdf)\n6 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Terminology: Basic terms of disaster risk\n[reduction, available at www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm](http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm)\n[7 Emergency Events Database available at www.em-dat.be](http://www.em-dat.be/)\n8 Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Opening Remarks\nat the Dubai International Humanitarian Aid and Development Conference and Exhibition \u2015DIHAD 2008\n[Conference\u2016, 8 April 2008, available at: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/YSAR-](http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/YSAR-7DHL88?OpenDocument)\n[7DHL88?OpenDocument](http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/YSAR-7DHL88?OpenDocument)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and the cornucopians. [9] The neo-malthusians, among them Thomas Homer-Dixon, claim\nthat population growth and resource scarcities result in violent competition. [10] The\ncornucopians, on the other hand, emphasize the role of human ingenuity and cooperation\nin overcoming scarcity. Cooperation rather than conflict may be the response to\nenvironmental challenges, and even conflict does not have to result in violence. Some\nresearchers, among them Nils Petter Gleditsch, claim that it is abundance rather than\nscarcity of resources that often leads to conflict \u2013 because rebel groups draw funding\nfrom the exploitation of natural resources and/or it is a conflict about the control of\nvaluable resources. [11]\n\nThere seems to be consensus in environment and conflict research regarding some main\nfindings: The environment is only one of several inter-connected causes of conflict and is\nrarely considered to be the most decisive factor; the conflicts believed to involve an\nenvironmental element, have mostly taken place within a country; and, the role of the\nstate, and more generally society\u2018s problem-solving capacity, is crucial. [12]\n\nThe IASC expert group considered that many of those displaced in the context of climate\nchange are likely to remain within their own country and qualify as internally displaced\npersons (IDPs) under the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. The main\nnormative protection gap identified was in the case of those who cross a border due to\nsudden-onset or slow-onset disasters, since many would not qualify as refugees according\nto the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.\n\nThe IASC typology can be considered a work in progress. There are other effects of\nclimate change not explicitly dealt with, such as increases in certain diseases and\nepidemics. Some of these effects are related to the \u2015natural\u2016 disasters while others can\nperhaps be considered either sudden-onset or slow-onset disasters in themselves. [13]\n\nThere are many other complex links that also need consideration: disasters and\ndegradation can trigger displacement and conflicts, and conflicts and displacement, in\nturn, often cause further environmental degradation.\n\nWe could also add another category to the IASC typology, namely displacement linked to\nmeasures to mitigate or adapt to climate change. For example, biofuel projects and forest\nconservation could lead to displacement if not carried out with full respect for the rights\nof indigenous and local people. [14 ]\n\n9 Gleditsch, N P, 2003. Environmental Conflict: Neomalthusians vs. Cornucopians, in _Security and the_\n_Environment in the Mediterranean: Conceptualising Security and Environmental Conflicts_, Berlin:\nSpringer.\n10 Homer-Dixon, T, 1994. Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: evidence from cases. International\nSecurity 19(1): 5-40.\n11 Gleditsch, N P, 1998. Armed Conflict and the Environment: A Critique of the Literature. Journal of\nPeace Research 35(3): 381\u2013400.\n12 German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2007. _Climate Change as a Security Risk_, available at:\n[http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_engl.html](http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_engl.html)\n[13 See for example the Emergency Events Database categories at www.em-dat.be](http://www.em-dat.be/)\n14 See for example _Resisting Displacement by Combatants and Developers: Humanitarian_\n_Zones in North-West Colombia,_ Geneva: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 2007.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Finally, it is important not to overlook those who are not displaced. While some remain\nbecause of resilient capacity, others may in fact be forced to stay. They do not have the\nresources and network to move. [15 ] Displacement will result in particular needs, but it is\nimportant to stress that many of those left behind may also have very serious protection\nconcerns and there is a need for an inclusive approach to all affected.\n\n**Research methodology**\n\nThe research presented in the following sections explores the interaction of climate\nchange, disaster (in particular drought), conflict, displacement and migration, as well as\nprotection challenges and responses in the cases of Somalia and Burundi. The IASC\ntypology is used as a background, and the article does not attempt to link specific\ndisasters and displacement directly to climate change. Three main questions drove the\nresearch:\n\n\nWhat are the links of disasters, conflict and displacement in the context of climate\n\nchange?\n\n\nWhat are the particular protection challenges for displaced people in this context?\n\n\nHow does society and law prevent displacement, protect the displaced and seek\n\ndurable solutions to the displacement in this context?\n\nThere were several reasons for choosing Somalia and Burundi as the subjects of research.\nWhile all countries will eventually be affected by climate change, some are more\nimmediately and particularly vulnerable. While producing the smallest amount of\ngreenhouse gases, Africa is one of the continents most vulnerable to climate change and\nwith the greatest lack of adaptive capacity. [16] Somalia and Burundi are considered among\nthe most vulnerable countries in the world. [17]\n\nRecently, some case studies investigating the correlation between environmental\ndegradation and migration patterns have been carried out, but there has been little\n\n\n15 Black, R. et al., 2008, Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends and their Policy Implications\nfor Migration, Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of\nSussex, Brighton, available at\n[http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Demographics_and_Climate_Change.pdf](http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Demographics_and_Climate_Change.pdf)\n16 Boko, M., I. Niang, A. Nyong, C. Vogel, A. Githeko, M. Medany, B. Osman-Elasha, R. Tabo and P.\nYanda, 2007: Africa. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of\nWorking Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,\nM.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge\nUniversity Press,\nCambridge UK, 433-467, available at _[http://www.ipcc.ch](http://www.ipcc.ch/)_\n17 The Anatomy of a Silent Crises, Global Humanitarian Forum, 2009, available at\n_[http://ghfgeneva.org/Portals/0/pdfs/human_impact_report.pdf](http://ghfgeneva.org/Portals/0/pdfs/human_impact_report.pdf)_\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "research looking into this correlation and protection and law in conflict and post-conflict\ncountries. [18]\n\nThe research is based on both a desk-study and a field study. The field trip was carried\nout in July 2009. Due to security concerns, the research relating to Somalia was carried\nout in Nairobi and Dadaab in Kenya, as well as Hargeisa and surrounding areas in\nSomaliland. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with experts and affected\npeople.\n\nThe interviews centered around the questions identified above relating to the\ndisplacement dynamic and protection needs and responses. The number of interviewees\nwas limited (49 in total), and the majority were experts. A field study with such\nlimitations cannot provide a detailed or comprehensive account. Rather, the intention was\nto sketch out some findings that can provide a starting point for further research. These\nfindings are the subject of the next sections of the paper.\n\n**Somalia case study**\n\nWith almost 20 years of armed conflict and droughts and floods, there is a constant, but\nincreasingly acute, humanitarian crisis in Somalia. The climate in Somalia is arid to semiarid. Livestock and rain-fed agriculture, the main livelihoods and components of the\neconomy, directly depend on the weather and environment. According to researchers,\ninternational humanitarian agency staff, local NGOs and local people, the drought cycle\nhas changed over the last decades from once every ten years (when the droughts were\ngiven names) to becoming an almost nameless constant.\n\nIn addition to changes in the climate, there has been a high population growth and\nconcentration in some areas. As one elder said, \u2015The drought now is different; there is\nless rain and more people.\u2016 [19] While many believe that Allah causes the droughts and\ndisasters, the older people talk about the change they have witnessed, and, as one\ninterviewee said, \u2015These are becoming stories in our community now.\u2016 [20] In 2009, the\ndrought intensified in many regions, and in the places that experienced rain, it often came\nin the form of unexpected and heavy rainfalls that often killed off much of the livestock\nthat was already weak from the drought. [21]\n\nAn escalating civil war exacerbates food insecurity further. The country now faces its\nworst humanitarian crisis in eighteen years. [22] As a water-stressed, low-lying and coastal,\npoor and war-torn country, Somalia is especially vulnerable to further climate change.\n\n\n18 EACH-FOR, 2009. _Synthesis Report_ [, available at http://www.each-for.eu/documents/EACH-](http://www.each-for.eu/documents/EACH-FOR_Synthesis_Report_090515.pdf)\n[FOR_Synthesis_Report_090515.pdf](http://www.each-for.eu/documents/EACH-FOR_Synthesis_Report_090515.pdf)\n19 Interview 34\n20 Interview 32\n21 \u2015Too much, too soon,\u2016 as 15,000 flee floods, 29 October 2009, IRIN, available at\n_[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86791](http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86791)_\n22 Somalia: Half the Population in Humanitarian Crisis Amid An Escalating Civil War, 24 August 2009,\nFood Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit \u2013 Somalia, available at _[http://www.fsausomali.org/](http://www.fsausomali.org/)_\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "desk-study", - "confidence": 0.6740239262580872, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6886583566665649, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "experts and affected\npeople", - "confidence": 0.5205241441726685, - "start": 77, - "end": 81 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since the country is not a party to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change\nthey do not have a National Adaptation Programme of Action or any climate change\npolicies and will face additional difficulties accessing information and resources.\n\n_The complex dynamics of conflict, disasters and human mobility_\n\nThere are many links between conflict, disasters and human mobility. Most Somalis are\npastoralists, and they have always moved to greener pastures during droughts.\nInternational humanitarian agency staff, local NGOs and local people seemed to agree\nthat one could talk of displacement when their migratory pattern is disturbed.\n\nA recent assessment mission concluded that drought has affected even the traditional\nareas pastoralists in North Somalia migrated to in times of hardship. [23] Hence, pastoralists\ncannot use migration as a traditional coping strategy to save their herds, and they resort to\nerratic and abnormal movement \u2013 or are forced to settle.\n\nThe poor pastoral households with smaller livestock herds, and those who cannot afford\nto transport their livestock by truck, generally remain behind in areas that receive less\nrainfall. [24] Some pastoralists lose too many of their livestock due to the lack of pastures\nand water and give up their traditional livelihood to settle permanently in the cities,\nwhere they often join the urban poor and IDPs, or in the countryside, where they create\nenclosures. For example, within a week during the summer of 2009, a family that had 480\nsheep, lost 224 animals, and could not continue moving because the remaining animals\nwere too weak or ill. [25]\n\nThere may also be an indirect link between drought and displacement through conflict.\nSome interviewees believed the drought exacerbates the conflict by increasing\ncompetition over fertile land and resources. Now that automatic weapons have become\ncommon among people, traditional dispute and coping mechanisms have been weakened.\n\nConversely, the armed conflict may exacerbate the drought. War and military activities\nhave detrimental impacts on the environment. Lack of state control or any other effective\nform of governance has led to widespread misuse and overuse of natural resources and\nenvironmental degradation. For example, the commercial production and export of\ncharcoal resulting in deforestation and thereby contributing to drought, is an important\npart of the war economy, with much of the proceeds going to warlords. [27]\n\nThere is also the question of access and ability to move. The armed conflict can hinder\nthe normal movement of pastoralists and others moving due to drought, as they cannot\n\n\n23 Rapid Assessment Report on the Current Drought Emergency in the Sanaag Region,\nJuly 2009, Horn Relief.\n24 Quarterly Brief - Focus on Gu Season Early Warning, 12th June 2009, Food Security and Nutrition\nAnalysis Unit, available at _[www.fsausomali.org](http://www.fsausomali.org/)_\n25 Interview 32\n27 Interview 41\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pass through certain unsafe areas. [28] Land grabbing and new enclosures also restrict\npastoralist movement and trigger conflicts.\n\nFurthermore, the armed conflict impacts on the access of humanitarian agencies to the\ndrought-affected. Somalia is one of the most dangerous places for aid workers in the\nworld, and humanitarian space is shrinking at an alarming rate. [29]\n\nFloods may also hinder the movement of persons displaced both due to drought and\nconflict. The flash floods in South Somalia in the summer of 2009 may temporarily have\nmade it more difficult for people to flee across to Kenya. [30]\n\nSettlements and displacement and mass movement of people due to conflict, droughts\nand floods to an already resource-stressed area, may deplete the area of resources. There\nhas been a massive and abnormal movement to areas that receive rains. Technology plays\na role in this: today, people inform each other immediately about rainfall in an area\nthrough mobile phones, and the wealthier pastoralists transport huge numbers of livestock\nby trucks, creating a sudden and massive pressure on pastures. [31] This, in turn, could make\nthe area more prone to disaster, increase competition over scarce resources and conflict\nand trigger further displacement.\n\nThe drought can also contribute to another form of secondary and longer-distance\ndisplacement. When asked why Somalis were coming to neighbouring countries like\nKenya, both international humanitarian agency staff and displaced persons themselves\nfirst mentioned the conflict in and around Mogadishu. When asked more in detail,\nhowever, it became clear that many people first fled from Mogadishu to the countryside\nor another town within Somalia, but because of the current drought and environmental\ndegradation in these areas, they were forced to move further. [32] This anecdotal evidence\nfrom Somalia indicates how complex the interaction of conflict, disasters and\ndisplacement can be.\n\n_The relevance of traditional protection frameworks and mechanisms_\n\nPeople displaced by climate-related disasters and conflict face many different protection\nchallenges relating to for example food, water, shelter, healthcare and sexual and genderbased violence. [33] In Somalia, new formal laws are often nothing more than theoretical.\nOne reason for this is that they are not gazetted or otherwise made available, so few\n\n\n28 Interview 22\n29 Flyktningregnskapet 2009, NRC, available in Norwegian at\n_[http://www.flyktninghjelpen.no/?did=9408606](http://www.flyktninghjelpen.no/?did=9408606)_\n30 Protection Cluster Update, 17th July 2009, IASC Somalia. See also Warning over conditions at Dadaab\ncamp, 17 July 2009, IRIN, available at _[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=85325](http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=85325)_, also\nconfirmed in several interviews including interview 41\n31 Interview 41 and Quarterly Brief - Focus on Gu Season Early Warning, 12th June 2009, Food Security\nand Nutrition Analysis Unit, available at _[www.fsausomali.org](http://www.fsausomali.org/)_\n32 Interview 22 and interview 43\n33 See for example Protection Report, 16th July 2009, NRC.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IRIN", - "confidence": 0.635738730430603, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5348929166793823, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "people know about them, and they are not applied and enforced. In many respects, the\ntraditional Somali clan law, _xeer,_ is more important.\n\nThis set of rules and obligations has been developed between clan elders over a long time\nin a region where droughts are frequent and people depend directly on the weather and\nnatural environment. In _sharia_, which has had substantial influence on _xeer_, and to some\nextent is applied directly, there are also norms relevant to climate change and the\nenvironment. For example, natural resources are considered to belong to God and all of\nhumankind should benefit from them.\n\nWhile _xeer_ is a polycentric legal system, some generally accepted norms relevant in a\nclimate change context can be identified. For example, there are resource-utilization rules\nregarding use of water and pasture, and the temporary or permanent donation of livestock\nand other assets to the poor. [34] An elder in Hargeisa explained how the norm was\ntranslated to an urban displacement setting. \u2015In the rural areas, we give animals to those\nwho have lost their own animals; here in the city, we help with shelter and food\nrations.\u2016 [35]\n\nOn the other hand, the conflict and constant drought mean that fewer people have enough\nanimals to be able to donate to others in need. [36] Rules identified as part of _xeer_ in one\narea, further state that pasture is free for all pastoralists in times of need, irrespective of\nclan affiliation; that individual pastoralists should not destroy shared pasture and fruitbearing trees; that pastoralists should not establish private enclosures or farms on grazing\nland, and that visiting grazers must respect grazing _xeer_ and maintain peaceful\ncoexistence with host communities. [37]\n\nThere is a willingness of competing pastoral groups to recognize drought-induced\nproblems, even during times of hostility, and there are historical examples of how lengthy\nmovements across Somalia have occurred without incident. [38] Since everyone is affected\nby drought at some point, this reciprocity can be seen as \u2015survival insurance.\u2016 [39]\n\nWeak and powerless clans can only seek client status with a more powerful clan and hope\nthat they fulfill their obligations. A general challenge today is that that automatic\nweapons have become common, and the authority and responsibility of clan elders has\nbeen weakened due to _inter alia_ warlords targeting them and rejecting their authority.\n\n\n34 Norton, Gregory _Land, Property and Housing in Somalia_, NRC 2008.\n35 Interview 30\n36 Interview 32\n37 Puntland Development and Research Centre (2003) \u2015Integration of Customary Law into Sharia and\nSecular Law (Cross-sectional, Pastoral, Frankincense and Marine Norms)\u2016, report for Diakonia, quoted in\nNorton, Gregory _Land, Property and Housing in Somalia_, NRC 2008. The applicability of these norms in\n(at least parts of) Somaliland were also confirmed in interviews with elders.\n38 Little, Peter D. (2003) _Somalia: Economy without State._ The International African Institute, quoted in\nNorton, Gregory _Land, Property and Housing in Somalia_, NRC 2008.\n39 Interview 31\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Protection in Kenya_\n\nSome of the displaced people cross the border to Kenya. The Kenyan 2006 Refugees Act\nrecognizes as refugees those with well-founded fears of persecution on grounds of race,\nreligion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, in\naccordance with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and those who\nflee due to one of the reasons set out in the wider refugee definition (including for\nexample generalised violence) of the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific\nAspects of Refugee Problems in Africa.\n\nKenya is party to these conventions, but maintains certain reservations and _inter alia_\nrestricts the right to work and freedom of movement. UNHCR has lobbied hard to get\nneighbouring countries to accept Somalis as _prima facie_ refugees. The Kenyan\ngovernment refers asylum seekers who apply under the Refugees Act to UNHCR for\nrefugee status determination. A senior UNHCR staff said, \u2015If drought and conflict\ncoincide, we will not split hairs.\u2016 [40] Several of those interviewed in the Dadaab refugee\ncamps mentioned drought as at least one of the reasons for their displacement.\n\nDue to the conflict and fear that armed opposition forces are entering the country, Kenya\nofficially closed its border with Somalia in 2007. Somali pastoralists who live on both\nsides of the border are allowed to cross. Others, who cannot bribe the police and other\nauthorities, are subject to serious police abuses, detention and forcibly returned to an area\nwhere their lives or security may be at risk, a violation of the principle of _non-_\n_refoulement_ . [41] Still, there has been a dramatic increase in new arrivals to the Dadaab\ncamps, with 45,000 persons in the first six months of 2009 and the influx continuing at\nabout 7,000 per month. [42]\n\nDadaab is already one of the world\u2018s oldest, largest and most congested refugee sites.\nFurthermore, the environmental situation is not much better than in Somalia. In 2009,\nKenya has experienced one of the worst droughts in decades, with millions in urgent need\nof food aid. [43] In the camps, the availability of water and trees for firewood and\nconstruction is limited, and competition between the local population and the displaced\npeople is increasing. Women collecting firewood outside the camps are at great risk of\nrape. Reported sexual and gender-based violence cases have increased by 30 percent in\n2009. [44] When the rains came in 2009, it fell as heavy and unpredictable showers, often\n\n\n40 Interview 24\n41 World Refugee Survey 2009 \u2013 Kenya 2009, U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, available at\n_[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,ERI,,4a40d2aa76,0.html](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,ERI,,4a40d2aa76,0.html)_\n42 Somali Refugee Emergency in Kenya, August 2009, Regional Bureau for Africa UNHCR HQ Geneva\n20 [th] August 2009.\n43 WFP food appeal for 3.8 million in need, 25 August 2009, IRIN, available at\n_[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=85847](http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=85847)_\n44 Somali Refugee Emergency in Kenya, August 2009, Regional Bureau for Africa UNHCR HQ Geneva\n20 [th] August 2009.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Refugee Survey", - "confidence": 0.949029266834259, - "start": 471, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8669852018356323, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9735385775566101, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9694480895996094, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9454079866409302, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somali Refugee Emergency in Kenya", - "confidence": 0.5450836420059204, - "start": 495, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IRIN", - "confidence": 0.6354139447212219, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5407097339630127, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resulting in floods that devastated people\u2018s houses, destroyed food, polluted water, and\ntriggered outbreaks of diseases such as cholera. [45]\n\nThe case of Somalis displaced to Kenya shows how some of those displaced due to\nclimate-related disasters and/or conflict may receive a formal protection status, but that\nmuch may still be needed to make this an effective protection.\n\n**Burundi case study**\n\nBurundi has recently come out of a civil war and is among the poorest countries in the\nworld. The small, landlocked country already struggles with a high population density,\nland scarcity and deforestation. In a country where 94 percent of the working population\nis employed in the agricultural sector, many as subsistence farmers with rain-fed farms,\nthis has devastating effects. Accelerating global climate change comes on top of these\nchallenges. The trend of higher mean temperatures, a longer dry season and heavier and\nmore concentrated rains is only set to increase with further climate change. [46]\n\nTo survive the latest drought in 2008 in the northern province of Kirundo, many people\nhad to sell what little they had, making them even more vulnerable to the next drought.\nThe most marginalized and vulnerable sections of society, such as single women, may\nnot have the resources to move and may actually be forced to stay during a disaster. [47] As\none widowed mother said, \u2015If a drought or flood comes, we will suffer. We have to stay;\nwe have nowhere else to go.\u2016 [48]\n\nAlthough there was no survey or systematic monitoring of people moving away (or\nsubsequent returns), it was also clear that some people left Kirundo in search of other\nlivelihood. Burundi\u2018s National Adaptation Programme of Action mentions human\nmobility as a historical adaptation to drought and food insecurity. [49]\n\nDroughts and environmental degradation can also exacerbate land conflicts, and Burundi\nis a country with a high proliferation of small arms. [50] Every month you hear about\npeople, even brothers, killing each other over land in Burundi, and many murders\nprobably go unreported. One refugee who recently returned home noted, \u2015My family had\nsold much of the land to survive the drought, and when I came back, my brothers were\nnot happy. They were afraid I would claim my part of what little was left of the land. I\n\n\n45 Floods could threaten up to 750 000 in Kenya\u2014UN, 6 November 2009, Reuters, available at\n_[http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL640656._CH_.2420](http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL640656._CH_.2420)_\n46 National Adaptation Plan of Action to climate change, Burundi, January 2007, available at\n_[www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf](http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf)_\n47 Interview 11, Interview 12\n48 Interview 11\n49 National Adaptation Plan of Action to climate change, Burundi, January 2007, available at\n_[www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf](http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf)_\n50 Mission Multidisciplinaire en Province de Kirundo, du 09 ou 12 Juin 2009, Draft of July 2009.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "still have not claimed it.\u2016 [51] According to some NGO staff, \u2015The next crisis in Burundi\nwill be over land.\u2016 [52] Violent conflict could also lead to new displacement.\n\n_Categories, protection needs and responses_\n\nLittle is known about the particular protection challenges of the persons who move in the\ncontext of drought in Burundi. Some international humanitarian agency staff suggest that\nthe protection challenges are more similar to those faced by migrants than displaced\npersons. For example, the drought in Kirundo was characterized by family separation\nwith the male head of household leaving in search of work, while in conflicts and suddenonset disasters, entire families are often forced to move. If land is lost, it is likely to be\nthrough an interfamily conflict, and the women who are left behind may be vulnerable\nand at risk of expulsion and exploitation or other rights violations.\n\nA senior international humanitarian agency staff discussed whether the term \u2015distress\nmigration\u2016 is more appropriate than displacement. [53] Perhaps the tipping point is when the\nentire family leaves; when there is no possibility of survival there, we can talk about\nforced displacement. But, the same interviewee clarified, \u2015Everyone talks about it as\ndisplacement here,\u2016 referring to all drought-related movement.\n\nAll interviewees agreed that the displaced persons do not receive the same level of\nattention and protection as refugees and persons displaced due to conflict and suddenonset disaster. It was considered that the persons displaced are often left to themselves\nwith less access to the aid, public services and security that other displaced persons\nwould benefit from in a camp.\n\nThey may therefore be even more vulnerable and at risk of rights violations. Interviews\nrevealed that the coping mechanisms often depend on what they used to do in their place\nof origin (for example, farmers work on other people\u2018s farms) and often people move to a\nplace where they have family or some sort of network.\n\nIn Burundi, there are not many effective laws and policies on displacement, and if you\nfind a law or policy, even the department meant to implement it, may not be aware of it.\nIt is therefore necessary to analyze statements, discussions and practices. The Ministry of\nNational Solidarity is responsible for assisting \u2015sinistres\u2016, a term often employed by\ngovernment agencies and others. By using this term, roughly corresponding to \u2015disasteraffected persons\u2016, they include not only people affected by conflict and sudden-onset\ndisasters, but also slow-onset disasters like droughts.\n\nAs a response to drought and food insecurity, the government has previously made a\nnational call for solidarity. Now a national platform has been established under the\nHyogo Framework for Action, and crises cells are to be established when a disaster hits.\n\n\n51 Interview 13\n52 Interview 18\n53 Interview 16\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Unlike the particular international protection of refugees, those internally displaced are\nunder the protection and sovereignty of their own government, but the government can\ndeclare a disaster and call on outside help. This may leave them particularly vulnerable\nand render humanitarian access difficult in some countries such as Somalia. But\naccording to senior international humanitarian agency staff, \u2015Burundi seems to be quick\nto declare disaster,\u2016 \u2015there is not a problem of political will,\u2016 and \u2015there is a regular link\nbetween the government and humanitarian agencies.\u2016 [54] As one international humanitarian\nagency staff said, \u2015The government has the main responsibility, and we are supposed to\nbe auxiliary, but in reality we are called upon and are the main actors in every crisis.\u2016 [55]\n\nHence it is important to look at how the different development and humanitarian agencies\nconsider the persons displaced due to drought. According to UNHCR in Burundi, \u2015We\nknow what a refugee is, while in a drought it is unclear what the categories are, who has\nresponsibilities.\u2016 [56] If UNHCR intervenes, it is on purely \u2015humanitarian grounds\u2016 and as\npart of a joint UN effort, since natural disaster displacement does not fall clearly within\nits mandate. UNHCR acknowledged that this happens more and more, due to the One UN\nconcept, even though the One UN approach has not yet been rolled out in Burundi. They\nwere for example part of the mission to Kirundo.\n\n_Protection through refugee law and regional migration law_\n\nDuring the droughts in Kirundo, many people move across the border to neighbouring\nRwanda rather than internally in Burundi. Interviewees considered that most cross-border\nmovement is probably illegal, but the fact that people are ethnically and linguistically the\nsame along the borders, facilitates the movement.\n\nDuring the 2004 drought, many people went to Rwanda. According to UNHCR staff, the\nagency made an effort to consider them within a political context \u2013 there was a certain\nfear that the 2005 elections would trigger persecution based on ethnicity \u2013 and the\ndisplaced themselves naturally also recounted the accepted political narrative to UNHCR\nand Rwandan authorities. [57] Thus, they fell within the traditional mandate of UNHCR and\nthe 1951 Convention refugee definition.\n\nIn the words of one interviewee, today, some people move to Uganda and work or seek\nprotection as refugees in a camp: \u2015Normally, people have many reasons to leave; those\nwho leave mainly because of hunger, will give another reason that is accepted by those\nwho provide protection.\u2016 [58] Displaced persons interviewed as part of this research, gave\nboth environmental and political reasons for having left Kirundo. Some people who leave\n\n\n54 Interviews 16 and 19\n55 Interview 18\n56 Interview 19\n57 Interview 8\n58 Interview 13\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "during a drought may therefore legitimately be considered 1951 Convention refugees, but\nmany fall outside of legal definitions and protection frameworks.\n\nThe free movement of people and goods now being discussed in the East-African\nCommunity, which Burundi is part of, could help address the challenge of climate\nchange, drought and pressure on land, and encourage development through remittances\nand new skills. UNHCR is currently working with the government to address challenges\nin the process of legal cross-border movements outside the 1951 Convention.\n\nWhile people who move may receive more attention and protection if labelled\n\u2015displaced\u2016, the case of Burundi clearly also highlights the need to increase focus on\ndevelopment and the facilitation of movement for people so they can choose more or less\nfreely to move before they are more or less forced to move.\n\n_Longer-term development and climate change adaptation_\n\nLarge parts of Africa, including Burundi, is still first and foremost facing \u2015economic\u2016\nrather than \u2015physical\u2016 water scarcity \u2013 that is, human, institutional, and financial capital\nlimit access to water even though water in nature is available locally to meet human\ndemands. [59]\n\nThe role of governance is illustrated by the fact that while the climate is not so different\nin Rwanda, the twin neighbour, having consolidated peace and come further in terms of\ndevelopment, did not experience similar devastation. A lot could have been done to\nprevent or at least reduce the effects of the 2008 drought in Kirundo, such as better\nmanagement of water and irrigation. [60]\n\nAfter the many disasters followed by emergency relief in Kirundo, natural coping\ncapacities and practices of local people have also changed. Some people have a mentality\nof aid dependency. In the words of a senior international humanitarian agency staff,\n\u2015People need help to adjust, not just to survive through a drought to face yet another one\na few years later. Many donors want to help, but we think long-term action is needed, not\nmore emergency aid.\u2016 [61]\n\nBurundi has some laws and policies to prevent environmental degradation and ensure\nsustainable development, but, as a senior government staff said, \u2015A main challenge is that\nthe country has just come out of a crisis, so everything is a priority, and the environment\nis seen as a break on development by investors and others.\u2016 [62]\n\n\n59 International Water Management Institute, 2007. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in\nAgriculture. Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in\nAgriculture. London: Earthscan, and Colombo: International Water Management Institute.\n60 Mission Multidisciplinaire en Province de Kirundo, 2009, draft of July 2009.\n61 Interview 3\n62 Interview 21\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The National Adaptation Programme of Action identifies priority options of adaptation\nand project proposals, such as reforestation, promotion of energy/wood-saving\ntechniques, setting up erosion control mechanisms, popularizing rainwater harvesting\ntechniques and popularizing short cycle and dryness-resistant food crops.\n\nThere is also a need to create and encourage other livelihoods than farming. Burundi is\namong the least urbanized countries in Africa. The government offers settlement in\n\u2015peace villages\u2016 to returning refugees who have no land or do not remember where it is\nbecause their families fled so long ago. This villagization may prove a positive adaptation\nto the new environmental situation.\n\nThe case of Burundi challenges us to think differently about disasters and development.\nGetting donors and national governments to spend money on preventing potential future\ndisasters is difficult, however.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nThis paper has presented some initial findings regarding the links between climate\nchange, disasters, displacement and migration, as well as protection challenges and\nresponses in this context. The IASC typology has contributed to clarifying how people\ncan be displaced in the context of climate change. It focuses on sudden-onset and slowonset disasters and conflicts.\n\nThe OCHA-IDMC report has identified a methodology for monitoring displacement and\ncome up with some first numbers. At least 20 million people were displaced by climaterelated sudden-onset disasters in 2008 alone. Clearly, there is a need for more research\nand systematic displacement monitoring as suggested in the OCHA-IDMC study. This\nwould provide a baseline for informed estimates as to how current displacement trends\nmay be affected by further climate change, and would be a necessary element for any\nimprovement in the response for the displaced. In addition, data should be collected on\nrelated factors, including the duration of displacement and the needs of displaced\npopulations.\n\nField studies may be particularly useful in research on displacement related to slow-onset\ndisasters, the links between climate change, conflict and displacement, and climate\nchange impacts on those who already are displaced. While findings obviously differed in\nthe two case studies presented here, there were also several similarities.\n\nBoth cases illustrate how complex the dynamics of a disaster can be. Global climate\nchange and local environmental degradation are only two of many factors in the droughts\nand conflicts. Large-scale armed conflict may be fuelled through a particular access to\nresources (for example, charcoal), and other factors can play a more crucial role than the\nenvironmental when it comes to weakening dispute resolution mechanisms and\nincreasing the risk of violent conflict (for example, the proliferation of automatic\nweapons).\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The dynamics of human mobility are very complex. While some people may be forced to\nmove, others are forced to settle or do not have the resources to move. The particular\nprotection needs of all those affected and those displaced need to be further researched so\nresponses can be tailor-made.\n\nWhile new legal and policy solutions may be needed, developing these will take time and\nit is also important to look at how existing law already applies. The two case studies\nsupport the IASC paper in indicating that many of the people who move, may qualify as\ninternally displaced persons. Some of those who move in the context of drought may\ndiffer somewhat from other internally displaced persons, however.\n\nThe multi-causality of movement also means that some people displaced across a border\nin the context of climate change, can legitimately be considered refugees. Many,\nhowever, fall outside of the traditional refugee law framework. The facilitation of other\nforms of legal cross-border migration may be part of the solution to address their needs as\nwell as give other people the option to move now rather than being forcibly displaced\nlater.\n\nBoth case studies indicate that formal, written law may play a rather limited role in a\nconflict and post-conflict situation. The roles and responsibilities of international\nhumanitarian agencies are crucial since the affected states often have limited ability\nand/or will to protect. The cases also indicate that local law and practices may still play\nan important role. There is a need to identify and fill operational and legal gaps in\nprotection. States and humanitarian agencies should review policies, laws and\ninstitutional arrangements and take a rights approach when addressing climate change,\ndisasters and displacement.\n\nWhile countries that are already affected by conflict, droughts and floods are particularly\nvulnerable to further climate change, they may have certain strengths \u2013 such as local\ncustomary law frameworks and mechanisms \u2013 that are relevant in the context of climate\nchange and could be further researched, improved and supported.\n\nWhat we also need is politics of the next disaster. Longer-term development and\nmainstreaming climate change adaptation and environmental considerations in\nhumanitarian response are needed to mitigate the cycle of disasters and emergency relief.\nExactly which adaptation measures are needed, will vary from country to country, and\ncan include reducing poverty, reforestation, supporting pastoralism as a livelihood as well\nas creating and encouraging other livelihoods.\n\nCurrently, much focus is on the climate change negotiations. This article has showed the\nimportance of addressing displacement in a climate change context. It is also clear that to\nbe effective, climate change adaptation needs to be comprehensive and address different\nfactors of vulnerability. After much advocacy and awareness-raising, a reference to\nmigration and displacement also features in the draft climate change text now: [63]\n\n\n63 Non-paper 41 on adaptation, paragraph 13, available at:\n[http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/application/pdf/awglcaadaptnp53061109.pdf](http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/application/pdf/awglcaadaptnp53061109.pdf)\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "All Parties [shall] [should] jointly undertake action under the\nConvention to enhance adaptation at the international level, including\nthrough: [\u2026] (b) Activities related to migration and displacement or\nplanned relocation of persons affected by climate change, while\nacknowledging the need to identify modalities of inter-state\ncooperation to respond to the needs of affected populations who either\ncross an international frontier as a result of, or find themselves abroad\nand are unable to return owing to, the effects of climate change.\n\nIt is important that the reference to \u2015the international level\u2016, is not interpreted to mean\nthat only cross-border movements are addressed. It should rather be interpreted to\nencompass international cooperation as well as international standards to address\nmigration and displacement, whether such movements are internal or cross-border. Much\nof the movement is after all expected to be within countries, and the plight of internally\ndisplaced persons is a matter of international concern.\n\nIn addition to the displacement-specific text, key language on risk management and\ndisaster risk reduction has been included in the draft text. How and how much money will\nbe made available for these purposes is still unclear, and it remains to be seen whether\nand how a climate change agreement incorporates displacement and other humanitarian\nissues. While working to ensure a humanitarian climate change agreement is crucial, the\ncase of Somalia reminds us that some of the most vulnerable countries may not even be\npart of this framework.\n\nWhile much more research is needed, this paper has also made the case that we do have\nenough knowledge to also act now. We have to \u2015avoid the unmanageable\u2016 by cutting\ngreenhouse gases and mitigating climate change. At the same time, climate change is\nalready having effects and \u2015managing the unavoidable\u2016 is also necessary. Climate change\nis here and now. People are displaced. People must be protected.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67e5f2b4-34c8-3e12-b87c-711092047c42/B090B8FD47A31499C125768200512BDA-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_251/raw/doc_251_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_251/raw/doc_251_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 753a93db2055cfb657533c356b695bd2a33e0a9a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_251/raw/doc_251_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 191**\n\n# **UNHCR and community development:** **a weak link in the chain of refugee protection?**\n\n**Noel Calhoun**\n\nSenior Community Services Officer\nUNHCR\nAmman, Jordan\n\nE-mail: calhoun@unhcr.org\n\nOctober 2010\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nIn its Executive Committee conclusions, organizational structure and policy\nstatements, UNHCR has expressed its commitment to a community-based approach.\nBut the organization\u2019s justification for such an approach has only been made in\ngeneral terms.\n\nUNHCR has not clearly articulated how such an approach relates to UNHCR\u2019s core\nmandate of refugee protection, not has it explained how one might assess the impact\nof community development upon refugee protection. The relationship of community\ndevelopment to resource allocation also remains under-explored. As a result, UNHCR\nmanagers do not know how much to invest in community development or what results\nto expect from this investment.\n\n**UNHCR and community development**\n\nUNHCR began to highlight the importance of working with refugee communities in\nExCom conclusion of 15 February 2001, entitled \u2018Reinforcing a Community\nDevelopment Approach\u2019. The conclusion notes that \u201cUNHCR programmes often tend\nto focus on individual service delivery to refugees, and omit engaging and building on\nthe capacities of the refugees themselves and their communities. Such an approach\nlimits refugee partnership and participation, and invariably produces dependency; this\nhas proved to be limiting, resource-demanding and too problem-focused.\u201d\n\n\nThe conclusion goes on to recommend that UNHCR engage in partnership with\nrefugees in order to achieve various purposes, including: strengthening refugee\ninitiative, reinforcing their dignity, achieving greater self-reliance and increasing costeffectiveness of programmes. Overall, the document is framed as a guide to\nprogramming, suggesting that UNHCR should ensure that refugees participate in the\ndesign and delivery of the organization\u2019s programmes so as to make them more\neffective, efficient, and respectful of refugees\u2019 dignity and capacities. The conclusion\ndoes not make any express linkage between community development and protection,\nand the word \u201cprotection\u201d appears only twice in the document.\n\n\nWhile the UNHCR \u2018Tool for Participatory Assessment\u2019 (2006) gives much more\nextensive attention to protection, it is mainly conceived of as a tool linking\nparticipation and programming. In participatory assessment, a multi-functional team\nof UNHCR and partner staff engage in various participatory exercises (mainly focus\ngroup discussions) with groups of refugees, disaggregated by age and gender.\n\n\nThe protection risks, coping mechanisms and priority needs of each group are\nexplored, and this information is used to inform UNHCR programming for the\nsubsequent year. The Tool ensures that marginalized groups are included in\nassessment and planning processes, which contribute to the planning of future\nprotection interventions.\n\n\nThe Tool also notes the linkage to protection: \u201cThe role of UNHCR is to support the\nbuilding, rebuilding and strengthening of communities\u2019 capacities to respond to\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection risks and to make decisions over access to and use of resources.\u201d (p. 12)\nNevertheless, the Tool\u2019s focus is \u201cto link participatory assessment to the programming\ncycle,\u201d to include women, men, boys and girls in programmes, improve baseline data,\ndevelop more comprehensive programme responses, and to build better relations\nbetween UNHCR and partners (pp. 8, 15-16).\n\n\nIn practice, the participatory assessment has helped UNHCR staff to understand the\nprotection implications of assistance programmes. By bringing together multifunctional teams comprising protection, programme and community services staff\nmembers to engage with refugees and analyze problems with them, participatory\nassessment has helped UNHCR to focus \u201cnot only on the legal aspects of protection,\nbut also the social, economic and community aspects as these are the spheres in which\nmost rights violations of persons of concern occur,\u201d according to a recent evaluation\nof UNHCR\u2019s Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming (Thomas and Beck, p. 25).\n\n\nBy the time of the release of the 2008 manual on \u2018A Community-based Approach in\nUNHCR Operations\u2019, UNHCR was making a more explicit link between community\ndevelopment and protection: \u201cThis approach\u2026 is based on the understanding that by\nplacing people of concern at the centre of operational decision-making, and building\nprotection strategies in partnership with them, they will be better protected, their\ncapacities to identify, develop and sustain solutions will be strengthened, and the\nresources available will be used more effectively.\u201d (p. 5)\n\n\nThe manual notes that communities have frequently developed their own mechanisms\nfor responding to protection problems, and that UNHCR should seek to build on\npositive practices and certainly avoid undermining them. It recognizes that\ncommunities can also be a source of harm either because of internal power struggles,\nexclusionary practices, or cultural norms at odds with human rights standards.\n\n\nThis document takes an important step in asserting a relationship between\ncommunities and protection: Communities can offer protection solutions, and they\ncan also cause protection problems. In general, the manual is a practical guide,\nsharing valuable information on how to work with communities. It does not develop a\ntheory on the relationship between community development and protection.\n\n\nMore guidance on the relationship between community development and protection is\nfound in a recent ActionAid field manual on community-based protection. This\nmanual provides both a theoretical section, explaining the relationship between\ncommunities and protection, as well as a useful tool kit of participatory exercises and\nmethods for working with communities.\n\n\nThe manual stresses the importance of people solving problems at the appropriate\nlevel, with a preference given to levels closest to the individual, such as the family,\ncommunity and society. \u201cCommunity-based protection directs the attention of crisisaffected populations towards protection problems and arenas of influence over which\nthey have some control, active agency and responsibility.\u201d (Berry and Reddy, p. 3)\n\n\nWhile UNHCR has taken a position in favour of a community-based approach, it has\nyet to conceptualize the relationship between community development and protection\nor to measure the link between community development and effective programming.\nAs a result, the organization does not have strong basis for investment in community\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "development activities and is stuck in a cycle of under-investment and underperformance in this area of work. Indeed, the recent AGDM evaluation noted that\n\u201cone of the weaker elements of the AGDM strategy is the lack of capacity to\nimplement a community-based approach.\u201d (Thomas and Beck, p. 92).\n\n\n**Community-based approaches and effective programming**\n\n\nOne of the main arguments made in favour of a community-based approach appeared\nin the ExCom conclusion of 2001 and has been repeated in subsequent documents:\ncommunity participation yields better programming. That is, when communities are\ninvolved in planning and implementing programmes, those programmes are more\nlikely to be efficient, effective, appropriate and sustainable.\n\n\nThe argument is utilitarian: community involvement can help us achieve the greatest\ngood for the greatest number. The argument is based on a reasonable theory, but\nUNHCR has never attempted to assess whether this is actually true, or under what\nconditions community involvement yields the greatest impact. For example, if a\nUNHCR field office has a particular goal in mind, such as increasing school\nenrolment, it can choose among a variety of approaches to achieve that goal:\nmobilizing communities, engaging government structures, supporting international or\nnational NGOs, or direct action.\n\n\nMost offices would probably support a mixed strategy. But how do we know if\ncommunity mobilization is the most efficient means to achieve the end? This is likely\nto depend on a number of contextual factors, including, for example, the pre-existing\nstructures and level of solidarity within the refugee community; the time period\navailable; the reasons why children are currently out of school; and the expertise and\noutreach capacity of other actors. Community mobilization may indeed be the most\nefficient strategy, but given the complex interplay of other factors we cannot assume\nthis unquestioningly.\n\n\nDevelopment agencies, as well as academic researchers, have made efforts to measure\nthe efficiency of community mobilization. In an evaluation of a sample of 84 projects\nrelated to community-driven development, the World Bank asked whether projects\ninvolving community participation elements were more or less effective than similar\nprojects without community participation. The evaluation noted the \u201cmixed and\nlimited evidence\u201d that a community-based approach contributes to poverty reduction\nand empowerment. (World Bank p. 51)\n\n\nThe outcome rating of community-driven development projects was not substantially\nbetter than for other projects; however, the evaluation concluded that projects were\nbetter designed and targeted to community needs. The World Bank also found that\nparticipatory processes raised its implementation costs by 10 per cent (World Bank, p.\n27), while also imposing various costs associated with participation on the partner\ngovernment and beneficiaries, for whom the opportunity cost of participation is rarely\ncalculated. Similarly, consultants working for ActionAid note that donors need to\nrecognize that community-based protection programmes require \u201ctime-intensive\nparticipatory assessment and analysis.\u201d (Berry and Reddy, p. 17)\n\n\nThese findings raise questions as to whether community participation necessarily\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "leads to greater cost-efficiency for humanitarian and development agencies. UNHCR\nalso needs to consider the cost of participation for beneficiaries.\n\n\nIn some cases, where refugees are idle because of lack of work, refugees may be\nwilling and able to participate in project implementation. In other cases, refugees may\nhave competing work and family commitments that create high opportunity costs. In\nurban contexts particularly, transportation may be expensive and refugees may\nexperience protection risks in travelling to community activities or organizing visible\ngatherings.\n\n\nThe development literature on community participation offers some practical lessons\non involving communities in programming. Various preconditions are linked to the\nsuccess of community-driven projects. The World Bank found, for example, that their\ncommunity-driven development projects were more successful in cases where the\nBank was \u201csupporting indigenously matured participatory efforts or where it has\nprovided consistent long-term capacity-building support to communities over time.\u201d\n(p. 50). The Bank also found that it needed a longer-time frame to assess the results of\ncommunity-driven development. The one-year project cycle may be long enough to\nconstruct infrastructure, but is not sufficiently long for measuring any impact on\ncommunity capacities.\n\n\nAcademic researchers are also involved in the effort to measure the impact of\ncommunity participation on development programmes. For example, relying on a\nstudy of development projects in Northern Pakistan, Khwaja has found that\ncommunity participation does increase the quality of project in relation to nontechnical decisions, such as selecting a project or deciding the community\u2019s labour\ncontribution to the project. However, when communities participate in making\ntechnical decisions, such as regarding project site, scale, design and time frame, this\nactually decreases the quality of project outcomes. (Khwaja, p. 434)\n\n\nMIT\u2019s Poverty Action Lab has studied 20 projects to look at the impact of\ncommunity-based approaches. These studies use a randomized evaluation\nmethodology that compares indicators before and after an intervention in both a\ntreatment community (where a development intervention took place) and a control\ncommunity (a similar community where the intervention did not take place). Some of\nthese studies underline the benefits of community-based approaches.\n\n\nFor example, an evaluation of community-based targeting of assistance beneficiaries\nin Indonesia found that while the community-based approach yielded a somewhat\nhigher rate of errors in targeting (e.g., more wealthy families receiving assistance or\npoor families being omitted), it led to greater overall satisfaction with the programme.\n(Alatas, et. al.) One study found that mobilizing communities to monitor public health\nservices improved the quality of service delivery. There were significant increases in\nutilization of health services and improved health outcomes in terms of reduced child\nmortality and child weight. (see Bjorkman and Svensson)\n\n\nHowever, a similar study found that community oversight of public schools in India\nthrough village committees was not effective. In that context, it proved much more\neffective to train volunteers to give literacy classes. The authors concluded that\nvillage committees involve high costs of collective action, and thus people do not\nparticipate actively in these committees to monitor the schools. In contrast, individual\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study of development projects", - "confidence": 0.9071871638298035, - "start": 235, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Khwaja", - "confidence": 0.9969655871391296, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Northern Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9783698916435242, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.5606095194816589, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "randomized evaluation\nmethodology", - "confidence": 0.7404264211654663, - "start": 340, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Indonesia", - "confidence": 0.7709800004959106, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community-based targeting of assistance beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5461143255233765, - "start": 398, - "end": 403 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Alatas, et. al.", - "confidence": 0.5837446451187134, - "start": 449, - "end": 455 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Indonesia", - "confidence": 0.8654245734214783, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "or small-group interventions are easy to organize; people are willing to participate;\nand the improvement in education outcomes is impressive. (Banerjee, et. al., pp. 2225)\n\n\nThese examples of lessons learned are only indicative of a broad literature. The\nrelationship of community participation to humanitarian and development\ninterventions is a growing field of study. UNHCR has excellent potential to contribute\nto the expansion of knowledge in this area: it has a broad international presence,\naccess to many refugee and displaced populations, and a leadership role in\nhumanitarian action.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s new operational management software FOCUS can also be further\ndeveloped to facilitate comparison of outcomes across countries. In these respects, the\norganization is a natural laboratory for testing assumptions about the role of\ncommunity participation in a variety of contexts. While there may be some legitimate\nethical concerns about testing interventions on populations, there is significant\npotential gain in ensuring that UNHCR\u2019s interventions, and the resources it dedicates\nto them, are used to achieve the maximum positive impact for the populations it\nserves.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s result-based management framework favours an approach that develops\nprogrammes on the basis of which interventions achieve the best and ideally\nmeasurable results, with the most efficient use of resources. UNHCR can begin by\ndistilling the lessons already learned by development and academic researchers,\nperhaps by entering into mutually beneficial partnerships with them.\n\n\n**Participation as a right**\n\n\nA second argument in favour of community participation is that people have a right to\nparticipate in decisions affecting their lives. UNHCR\u2019s manual on a community-based\napproach notes that \u201cparticipation is a right, and essential for informed decisionmaking; [it] promotes protection and reduces feelings of powerlessness.\u201d (p. 18)\nReference is made to a number of international human rights instruments that include\na right to participation, though in fact, the instruments define these rights as related to\nparticipation in political affairs, not in humanitarian or development projects, with the\nexception of Art. 14 of CEDAW which says rural women should have the right to\nparticipate in development planning and implementation. (UNHCR 2008, p. 121).\n\n\nIn any event, and according to this argument, participation is an end in itself. UNHCR\nmust facilitate the participation of refugees in decisions affecting them, as this is an\naspect of respecting the human rights and dignity of persons. According to this\nargument, even if participation is not cost-effective, UNHCR is obliged to facilitate\nrefugee participation.\n\n\nIn a political context, participation is an exercise of power: people vote for leaders,\nrun for office, or campaign for their preferred parties or ideas. These are the rights\nprotected by international human rights law. Participation in decision-making on\nhumanitarian action is quite different. Decisions about humanitarian action are taken\nafter consultation with a number of stakeholders, including governments, donors,\nNGOs, headquarters and regional offices, with refugees playing one role among\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "many.\n\n\nRefugee participation and the impact of that participation depends entirely on the\ngoodwill of the UNHCR office, with refugees powerless to hold the office\naccountable if it does not implement refugee preferences. Indeed, when I have\npresented the concept of a \u201cright to participation\u201d to colleagues and NGO partners in\nvarious training courses, most have reacted with skepticism born of this experience.\n\n\nRefugees\u2019 right to participate in UNHCR\u2019s decision-making is so weak that it feels\nmisleading to use the right to participation as the main justification for implementing\nprojects with a community-based approach. This is not necessarily a reason to jettison\nthe concept of a right to participation, but a challenge to make participation more\nmeaningful as a tool to empower refugees and to hold UNHCR more accountable to\nthem. Then it would be a right worth protecting.\n\n\nThere is a significant literature on participatory action research from which UNHCR\ncan learn, developing strategic partnerships with current practitioners. It would be\nuseful to pilot some of these methodologies. For example, development agencies have\nexperimented with the methodology of \u2018citizens\u2019 juries\u2019.\n\n\nIn this approach, a development-related question is posed to a small group of citizens\nwho hear the testimony of experts, question witnesses and analyze the information.\nMembers of the jury have time to reflect and deliberate with one another on the\nquestions and develop a set of conclusions about which development approach would\nbe most beneficial in their community. The verdict is shared broadly through the mass\nmedia, creating pressure on development actors to shape their policies according to\nthe preference of the jury. (Pimbert and Wakeford)\n\n\n**Community participation and improved protection**\n\n\nUNHCR generally argues in favour of a community-based approach by saying that it\nis good for programmes (making them more efficient, appropriate, and inclusive) or\nthat participation is a right. As discussed above, these arguments have merit, but need\nfurther unpacking, testing and refining to make them more practical.\n\n\nA third argument in favor of a community-based approach is that community\nparticipation helps to protect persons of concern: in other words, participation is good\nfor people. This is hinted at in the existing UNHCR documents, which talk about\nparticipation reducing feelings of powerlessness or re-building self-esteem and selfconfidence. (UNHCR 2008, p. 18). While reasonable, these assumptions could be\ntested only if we had adequate ways to assess self-esteem before and after\ncommunity-based interventions.\n\n\nThis line of argumentation may be particularly relevant to UNHCR, as it directly links\nparticipation to protection, which is the organization\u2019s core mandate. The goal below\nis to build this argument by using the concept of social capital. The hypothesis is as\nfollows: community participation builds social capital, and social capital in turn has a\npositive impact on various measures of protection, including security, health and\neconomic welfare.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Over the past two decades, social scientists have developed an extensive literature to\nmeasure social ties and their impact on welfare and development. The conclusion is\nthat social ties are remarkably important on a micro-level for individual health,\nemployment and physical protection.\n\n\nOn a community-level, communities with stronger social ties score better on indices\nof social and economic development. This literature provides compelling evidence to\ndemonstrate that stronger social ties promote higher levels of welfare. If this holds\ntrue for the populations of concern to UNHCR, then UNHCR should invest in\nstronger social and community ties as a means for promoting greater welfare and\nprotection.\n\n\nIn the following sections, I will summarize the main points of the literature on social\ncapital, including its definition, measurement and impact; explore the relevance of\nsocial capital to protection of persons of concern to UNHCR; and finally reflect on the\nchallenge of implementing projects that demonstrably increase the level of social\ncapital.\n\n\n**The concept of social capital**\n\n\nSocial capital can be defined as \u201cthe norms and social relations embedded in the\nsocial structures of society that enable people to co-ordinate action and to achieve\ndesired goals.\u201d (Narayan, p. 6) Social capital has both structural and cognitive aspects.\nThe structural aspects include networks, groups, associations and institutions through\nwhich people maintain ties with others.\n\n\nThe groups in this context are very broadly defined and can refer to: geographical\ngroups (such as people living in a specific neighbourhood); professional groups\n(people in the same occupation); members of a local association or voluntary\norganization; social groups (families, religious groups, ethnic groups, groups of\nfriends); or even virtual groups (networks generated over the internet in chat rooms\nthrough common interest groups).\n\n\nNetworks include the personal relationships which are accumulated when people\ninteract with each other in families, workplaces, neighbourhoods, local associations\nand a range of informal and formal meeting places. The cultural aspects of social\ncapital include generally accepted attitudes, behavioural norms, values and social\ntrust. These are the rules and values that characterize the community, most of which\nare unwritten.\n\n\nThe literature makes a useful distinction between bonding and bridging social capital.\n\u201cBonding relationships take place within the group and facilitate interaction and\ncollective action within it.\u201d (Grootaert and van Bastelaer, p. 16). Thus bonding social\ncapital refers to the strong social relationships within groups that are homogenous in\nterms of ethnicity, language, religion, class or other social features. Bonding social\ncapital generally contributes to social support and personal well-being. In simple\nterms, we need friends from our own community to get along in life.\n\n\nBy way of contrast, \u201cBridging relationships strengthen linkages between the group\nand other organizations.\u201d (Grootaert and van Bastelaer, p. 16). Bridging social\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "capital, involving relationships between persons who are significantly different from\none another, is generally weaker in terms of frequency of interaction and levels of\ntrust. However, it is particularly important for economic advancement, as people need\nthese more distant ties to get new information, for example, about job opportunities or\nmarkets. One author refers to the paradoxical \u201cstrength of weak ties.\u201d People need\naccess to broad networks to facilitate their social and economic mobility.\n(Granovetter)\n\n\nThe literature recognizes that social capital can have negative consequences. It can\nrestrict individual freedom, such as the social norms restricting women\u2019s behaviour in\nsome cultures. Social capital can also create excessive claims on the individual, such\nas when business owners are constantly asked for money by relatives and are socially\nobliged to share their wealth. This can crowd out investment and reduce financial\nsuccess. (Portes and Landolt)\n\n\nThis conundrum arises at refugee camps in Kenya. I recall the striking scene in the\nfilm _God Grew Tired of Us_ where one of the resettled \u2018lost boys\u2019 comes home and\nfinds dozens of phone messages from friends back home who wanted financial\nsupport that the young man could not afford to give without jeopardizing his own\nsuccessful integration. Strong bonding social capital can lead to exclusionary\npractices, where people perceived as \u2018other\u2019 are not allowed access to a community\u2019s\nresources.\n\n\nSome have questioned whether social capital is really capital. The term refers to\ncapital because like other forms of capital, these social ties and values generate a\nstream of benefits, e.g., information sharing and collective action. Like physical or\nhuman capital, social capital requires investment and maintenance: it is hard to build,\nyet easy to destroy. However, unlike physical capital, social capital does not wear out\nwith use, but rather deteriorates from disuse. (Grootaert and van Bastelaer, 2001, pp.\n7-8).\n\n\nA number of tools have been developed to measure social capital. Some rely on\ncommunity-level indicators, such as the number of associations in a city. Others\ninvolve individual or household-surveys which ask questions such as: membership in\nclubs, societies or social groups to which individuals belong; networks and social\ncontact (how often individuals see family, friends and acquaintances); as well as\nnorms and values (whether individuals trust their neighbours and whether they\nconsider their neighbourhood a place where people help each other).\n\n\nThe World Bank has developed a social capital assessment tool. This involves three\nparts. The community profile outlines how to conduct open-ended community\ndiscussions and structured community interviews. The household survey explores\nboth the structural dimensions of social capital (organizational density, expectations\nregarding networks and mutual support, patterns of exclusion, nature of previous\ncollective action) and cognitive elements (solidarity, trust and cooperation, conflict\nand conflict resolution). The final part of the tool demonstrates how to conduct\norganizational profiles of key local organizations. (World Bank, 2002)\n\n\nThese measures are obviously proxy indicators, rather than a measure of social capital\nitself. However, and despite this limitation, which admittedly exists for the wellestablished concept of human capital as well, there is a growing consensus among\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "academics that social capital can be assessed and even measured in a meaningful way.\n\n\n**The impact of social capital**\n\n\nA rich literature links social capital to better outcomes in terms of health, wealth,\nhappiness and security. The following are just a sample of the findings (selected from\nHalpern, except where otherwise noted).\n\n\n_Health_\n\n\nSocial networks, and particularly intimate, confiding relationships, act as a buffer to\nprotect people against mental illness. Stronger social capital is seen as the explanation\nfor the paradoxical \u201cgroup-density effect\u201d: members of minority groups have\nsignificantly lower rates of mental illness when they live close together, even if they\nlive in poorer neighborhoods.\n\n\nRegardless of stress levels, people with a higher level of social contacts tend to report\nbetter mental health. People with few supportive relationships are particularly\nvulnerable to PTSD following a traumatic event. A lack of support at the time of\ntrauma predicts the severity of the stress disorder up to six years afterwards,\nregardless of initial symptom levels.\n\n\nSocial networks and participation act as a protective factor against dementia or\ncognitive decline in persons over the age of 65. Social networks also buffer people\nagainst the negative effects of stress. It is not so much that social networks stop\npeople from getting sick as that they help people to recover when they do fall sick.\n\n\n_Wealth_\n\n\nA large proportion of jobs are filled by applicants who heard about them through\nword of mouth (60-80% in various studies in different countries and industries). There\nis a strong positive association between the size of an individual\u2019s friendship network\nand the likelihood that s/he participates in the labor force.\n\n\nControlling for other factors, persons with more extensive social networks, from\nfarmers to top businesspeople, earn more.\n\n\nCountries with higher social capital have higher economic growth, after controlling\nfor other factors. A cross-national study found that social capital is more important to\neconomic growth than is human capital.\n\n\nSocial capital increases households\u2019 per capita consumption, and its effect is \u201cseveral\ntimes greater than that of human capital alone.\u201d (Dongier, et. al., p. 8.)\n\n\n_Happiness_\n\n\nSurveys conducted in multiple countries ask individuals to rate their level of\n\u2018happiness\u2019 and \u2018life satisfaction\u2019. They show that money buys some happiness, but\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "not much. And above a certain level, income does not raise levels of happiness or life\nsatisfaction.\n\n\nVarious social factors explain to higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction:\nmarriage, frequent interactions with extended family members; frequent interactions\nwith friends and neighbors; and general social trust.\n\n\n_Security_\n\n\nA person\u2019s social capital affects both preferences and earnings in the legitimate\nsector. Strengthening bonds to society increase the costs of deviant behaviour to the\nindividual and thereby make criminal acts less likely. People with stronger social\ncapital are less likely to engage in crime.\n\n\nA British crime survey shows that people who are separated or single are around four\ntimes more likely to be the victim of a violent crime than those who are married. A\nstudy of 200,000 adult men in the US found that socially isolated individuals were 1.6\ntimes more likely to be murdered than the socially connected. People with stronger\nsocial capital are less likely to be victim to a crime.\n\n\nSocial capital provides informal insurance, especially for poor people facing\nemergencies. People with stronger social ties can borrow money and obtain care for\nthemselves when needed. (see Feigenberg, et. al.)\n\n\n**The relevance of social capital to refugee protection**\n\n\nThe literature on social capital among refugees and IDPs is limited, although there are\nmany studies on social capital in the context of migration and diasporas. This\nliterature shows, for example, that social capital (information and direct assistance\nfrom prior migrants) is an important factor in determining migrations flows. (Garip;\nalso Beine, et al.)\n\n\nIn one of the few studies of social capital among refugees, the author notes that\n\u201csocial capital is of significant importance to groups like immigrants and refugees\nbecause it can contribute to economic survival and success, even though they may\nlack economic resources, such as skills, education, and financial capital.\u201d (Boateng, p.\n62).\n\n\nIn a refugee situation, formal institutions for accessing information, managing risk,\nand enforcing rules may not be functioning. People need to rely instead on informal\ninstitutions, such as friends, kin, social sanctions, and norms, to solve important\nproblems relevant to their well-being. (cf. Narayan, p. 19). Of course, social capital\ncannot substitute for basic needs: \u201csocial capital\u2026 consists of the ability to marshal\nresources through social networks, not the resources themselves\u2026 What social capital\ncan do is to increase the \u2018yield\u2019 of such resources by reinforcing them with the\nvoluntary efforts of participants and their monitoring capacity to prevent\nmalfeasance.\u201d (Portes and Landolt, pp. 546-547).\n\n\nThe literature potentially can help to illuminate various aspects of refugee protection.\nRefugees suffer from the physical and psychological trauma, as well economic losses,\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "associated with persecution and flight. The social capital literature reminds us of an\nadditional level of loss: the loss of social ties. Many refugees are missing family\nmembers; they have lost their network of friends, neighbors, and colleagues; they are\nout of work. The social capital literature suggests that this loss is not inconsequential.\n\n\n_Psychological and physical health_\n\n\nPeople with higher levels of social capital, particularly strong social bonds with\nfriends and neighbours, are more likely to maintain good mental health and to cope\npositively with the stress of physical illness. This helps us to understand the\nvulnerability of refugees to psychological distress and physical illness. Because of\ndisplacement, they may have lost the social ties that support persons in traumatic,\nstressful situations. In situations where refugees have lost their social networks, we\ncan expect physical health to deteriorate and psychological well-being to be difficult\nto restore. In situations where refugees have been able to retain strong social ties, they\nwill be able to cope better physically and psychologically.\n\n\nInterventions that build social ties may have measurable impact on physical and\npsychological health. UNHCR is already supporting a range of these activities in the\nfield, such as support groups for persons with particular illnesses or psychological\nconditions, community activities to engage older persons, and volunteer networks to\nreach out to persons with disabilities.\n\n\nHowever, when funding becomes tight, these community services activities are often\nthe first to be cut, as they are not seen as life-saving. In fact, because they strengthen\nthe social ties crucial to good health, these activities may be protecting the refugees\u2019\nright to health at an efficient cost. UNHCR can work with partners to identify better\nmeasures of the impact of community activities on physical and psychological health.\n\n\nThe literature suggests that employment has a strong impact on psychological wellbeing. People who are employed have more money (which contributes to well-being),\nbut they also develop a broader range of social contacts. This has an independent\npositive impact on welfare. According to the literature, unemployment is a \u2018disaster\u2019:\nit reduces income but it also reduces happiness directly by destroying the self-respect\nand social relationships created by work.\n\n\nWhen people become unemployed, their happiness falls much less because of the loss\nof income than because of the loss of work itself. The social-psychological impact of\nunemployment is even greater than the impact of divorce according to a study\ncovering forty-six countries. (Layard, pp. 64-67). The enforced idleness of many\nrefugees who do not have the right to work has a serious psychological impact. The\nright to work is thus a health issue, not just an economic one.\n\n\nResidential living patterns also have an impact on psychological well-being. People\nbenefit from living in close proximity to others from their ethnic community. In\nrefugee camps, UNHCR typically creates neighborhoods populated by members of a\nparticular ethnic group.\n\n\nIn urban areas, UNHCR may have little control over where people live, and in some\ncircumstances, it may be thought that dispersing the refugee population would be less\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "likely to evoke a negative reaction from the host community and perhaps more likely\nto promote local integration. However, the research on social capital suggests that we\nshould encourage communities to live in a compact geographic area, as this has a\npositive impact on psychological well-being.\n\n\n_Economic well-being_\n\n\nThe literature on social capital suggests that bridging social capital is highly relevant\nto the improvement of economic outcomes. People who have a broad network of\nsocial relations with people of diverse backgrounds are more likely to find jobs, keep\njobs, rise up the career ladder and develop their own businesses. Refugees are\nnewcomers in an asylum country, and to get ahead economically, they need not only\nvocational skills and legal permission to work; they need social ties with the host\ncommunity to help them navigate the local labour market. In other words, the\nliterature suggests that bridging social capital, social ties with the host community, is\nan important element of local integration.\n\n\nSome refugees may find it easier to develop these ties, especially if they share a\nlanguage and culture with the host community. Others may face huge challenges,\nespecially where the host community is unreceptive of refugees, such as in countries\nwhere xenophobic attitudes are common.\n\n\nIn many cases, UNHCR focuses on language and vocational training as a means of\npromoting livelihoods. The literature on social capital suggests that we may need to\nthink of additional interventions that focus on forging social relations between the\nhost community and refugees.\n\n\nIn their contribution to more extensive bridging social capital, a variety of community\nservices programmes may have a measurable livelihoods impact. For example,\nprojects to include refugee parents in PTAs, to support integrated community centers,\nto conduct public information campaigns to improve the image of refugees in host\nsociety, to offer social and cultural orientation, to organize cultural events bringing\ntogether communities: all of these may have a measurable impact on livelihoods.\n\n\n_Security_\n\n\nIn industrialized countries, people without social ties are more likely to commit\ncrimes and also fall victim to crime. Overall crime rates tend to be lower in\ncommunities where people watch out for each other and help each other. Where\nrefugees are living in urban areas, UNHCR can promote protection by looking at\nwhich neighborhoods have the right mix of social conditions to accommodate\nrefugees safely.\n\n\nSocial ties also provide people with a means to cope with protection emergencies. In\nmy experience of working with urban refugees, I have learned that many refugees use\nsocial ties to gain release from detention. They may be able to rely on friends to bail\nthem out; a neighbor or friend from the host community may negotiate with the police\non their behalf; or in some cases, the refugee community establishes a friendly\nrelationship with the local police station and is able to secure the release of\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "community members.\n\n\nStrong refugee communities, with strong internal structures plus good relations with\nthe host community, are able to provide some protection against detention. UNHCR\ncan identify and disseminate these positive practices among various refugee\ncommunities, with refugees teaching other refugees about how to join together for\npurposes of protection. UNHCR can support communities to improve their existing\nprotection interventions, such as by offering paralegal training to refugee community\nactivists.\n\n\nStrong community ties are also a buffer in other emergencies; they are a kind of\n\u2018informal insurance\u2019. Some refugees are easily able to borrow a small amount of\nmoney from friends or neighbors for transportation to a hospital or UNHCR office in\ncase of an emergency. Other refugees experience social isolation and face an\nemergency all alone.\n\n\nSocial isolation is a serious protection risk, which UNHCR can consider in its\nevaluation of risks. For example, through targeted questions, we may find that some\nsingle refugee women live in a neighbourhood with supportive members of their own\ncommunity and/or good relations with the host community, people whom they can\ntrust, and who are willing to help out in a time of emergency. Other single women are\nsocially isolated and have no one to support them in an emergency.\n\n\nLack of social capital significantly increases the level of risk. UNHCR\u2019s recently\nreleased update of the Heightened Risk Identification Tool does include a general\nquestion about support mechanisms, and as field operations continue to work with this\ntool, the tool could perhaps explore further lines of interviewing to illuminate the\nfactors that mitigate risk, including social capital. (UNHCR, 2010)\n\n\n**Measuring the baseline of social capital**\n\n\nUNHCR needs to understand the baseline level of social capital among the refugee\npopulation it serves. If we understand the baseline, we will be able to analyze the\npotential success and challenges of a community-based approach in our operation.\n\n\nSome refugee communities have strong levels of both bridging and bonding social\ncapital: the refugees trust one another and their leadership structures; they organize\nthemselves for mutual assistance; and they have strong networks with the host\ncommunity.\n\n\nIt is not difficult to implement a community-based approach with these populations,\nas UNHCR can support them in building on existing strengths. They will use any\ndonation of materials for the benefit of the entire community. They can mobilize\nvolunteers to look after children or vulnerable persons. They may need just a bit of\ntraining or equipment in order to solve a wide range of problems, including education,\nshelter and livelihoods.\n\n\nOther refugee populations have extremely weak social capital. This weakness may be\nlinked to the situation in the country of origin. Ethnic or political disputes at home\nmay have led to a breakdown in social trust.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It has been suggested that while inter-state conflict can mobilize national unity and\npromote greater social cohesiveness within a community, civil wars damage social\ncapital greatly: \u201c[Civil conflict] divides the population by undermining interpersonal\nand communal group trust, destroying the norms and values that underlie cooperation\nand collective action for the common good, and increasing the likelihood of\ncommunal strife\u2026 This damage to a nation\u2019s social capital\u2026 impedes communal and\nstate ability to recover after hostilities cease.\u201d (Colletta and Cullen, p. 1).\n\n\nIt is very problematic when some individuals in the community suspect others of\nbeing spies or agents of persecution. In my experience, community mobilization may\nnot succeed at all under these conditions.\n\n\nConditions in the country of asylum also influence a refugee community\u2019s level of\nsocial capital. Ethnic, religious and socio-economic diversity within the refugee\ncommunity can make social solidarity more challenging.\n\n\nIn some asylum countries, refugees live dispersed over a large geographic area,\nmaking community action costly and time-consuming. If refugees are not able to\ngather legally, or fear that gathering together will make them a target of unwanted\nattention, their social life may wither. This may be more likely the case in urban\nrefugee situations than in camps. It is objectively more difficult to undertake a\ncommunity-based approach with such communities.\n\n\nThe goals of a community-based approach must be entirely different depending on the\nbaseline level of social capital. A baseline will help us to shape realistic, achievable\ngoals for a community-based approach in operations. Adapting the World Bank\u2019s\nSocial Capital Assessment Tool, I have worked with multi-functional teams in the\ncontext of participatory assessment to assess the level of social capital among refugee\npopulations in two urban areas, Amman, Jordan and Nairobi, Kenya.\n\n\nThe variations are striking. We found dramatic differences among refugee\npopulations, even those of different ethnic groups from the same country of origin,\nsuch as the Anywaa and the Oromos in Nairobi. In Jordan, we found differences\nbetween Iraqi communities residing in different cities of the Kingdom. In some areas,\nIraqis have positive relations with the host community, while in other areas the\nrelationship is strained. (Calhoun)\n\n\nMeasuring the baseline of social capital also helps to assess the impact of any projects\nundertaken to improve social relations among refugees and between refugees and the\nhost population. If it can be shown that after a specific intervention, people are more\nlikely to trust each other, visit each other, share with one another, and support one\nanother in emergencies, this can be claimed as a positive impact on protection. Such\ninterventions should consequently continue, even if funding is limited.\n\n\n**Which interventions promote social capital formation?**\n\n\nSo far, my reading of the literature on social capital has yielded greater insight into\nthe evidence of its impact than prescriptive guidance on how to promote social capital\nformation. Indeed, in concluding a series of papers on social capital, the World Bank\nnoted dejectedly that there has been more success \u201cat documenting the beneficial\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "impact of social capital than at deriving policy prescriptions and providing guidelines\nabout how to invest in it... Investing in social capital is more difficult than investing in\nhuman capital where a number of time-tested approaches are available (building\nschools, training teachers, developing appropriate curricula, and so forth).\u201d (Grootaert\nand van Bastelaer, p. 25).\n\n\nSome social scientists emphasize the long-term historical processes that lead to social\ncapital formation, which creates doubts about whether relatively short-term\ninterventions by external actors can have a positive impact on social relations. (see\nPutnam, 1994) A recent meta-analysis of ten interventions designed to promote social\ncohesion in sub-Saharan Africa found that there was inconclusive evidence of these\ninterventions\u2019 impact on building social capital: the studies replicated a weak\nimprovement in social trust within community groups, but a negative effect on intergroup relations. In some cases, there were adverse effects to the community projects,\nincluding rent-seeking, elite capture, and social discord. (King, et. Al.)\n\n\nHowever, the literature does have some positive lessons to share. A field experiment\nin Liberia used surveys and an innovative public goods game to show that a\ncommunity-driven development programme involving broad community participation\nin selecting and implementing projects can increase levels of social cohesion, even\nafter the project concludes. (see Fearon, et. al.)\n\n\nIn general, the research discourages agencies from social engineering projects that try\nto create social ties where these do not exist at all, as these are likely to fail when\nexternal support is withdrawn. It is better to build \u201cexisting social ties and work\nalongside the definitions of the situation of community members rather than seeking\nto impose them from the outside.\u201d (Portes and Landolt, 546)\n\n\nA study on microfinance shows that when women receiving group loans have weekly\nmeetings rather than monthly meetings, they develop stronger, long-lasting social ties\nwith one another: they are more likely to visit one another socially and attend social\nevents together. These women also do better economically. They are more likely to\nassist one another in case of a health emergency; four times less likely to default on\ntheir loans; and more likely to have financial transfers with people outside their\nimmediate families. (Feigenberg, et. al.)\n\n\nThe authors conclude that \u201crepeat interactions can in practice facilitate cooperative\nbehavior by enabling individuals to sustain reciprocal economic ties\u2026 [D]evelopment\nprograms can increase social ties and enhance social capital among members of a\nhighly localized community in a strikingly short amount of time.\u201d (Feigenberg, et. al.,\n28)\n\n\nSome of the guidance is cautionary, showing which pitfalls to avoid. For example, the\nliterature refers to the \u2018Rockefeller effect\u2019: If outside agencies provide financial\nsupport to a community initiative, the initiative may be taken over by a new elite. A\nrecent evaluation of a project targeting vulnerable women in Western Kenya confirms\nthis result. The project attempted to build the capacity of local women\u2019s groups to\nreduce rural poverty through a process of training, support with equipment, and ties to\nexternal actors.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, women\u2019s groups involved in the project tended to be taken over by more\neducated and younger women and even by men. The groups in the programme had\nmore changes in leadership and membership than those outside of the programmme.\nUltimately, vulnerable women, uneducated and older women from the village, were\nactually disempowered by the project and lost social capital. (Gugerty and Kremer)\n\n\nIn another study on randomized aid allocation by an NGO in Kenya, it was found that\n\u201csocial capital is not easily created: assistance specifically designed to strengthen\ncooperation and participation appears to have had very limited effects in the short\nrun.\u201d (Grootaert and van Bastelaer, p. 16). Based on 12 studies on the role of social\ncapital in development, the World Bank makes several conclusions about the role of\nexternal assistance in social capital formation.\n\n\nFirst, it can be destroyed easily and rebuilt only slowly and with significant\ninvestment of time and resources. Second, social capital can have perverse impacts.\nFor example, bonding social capital within an ethnic group can be useful in providing\nmutual support during a time of crisis, but also lead to exclusionary practices. Third,\nexternal actors have had only limited success in contributing toward the building of\nsocial capital. Assistance is most effective in helping help people to develop external\nlinkages, such as bridging social capital. (Grootaert and van Bastelaer, 19)\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nThere are substantial justifications for continuing to develop a community-based\napproach in UNHCR. The community-based approach can yield more efficient\nprogrammes. It can be a right in and of itself. It can promote a higher quality of\nprotection. However, unless UNHCR continues to develop its understanding of this\napproach, there is a risk that it becomes an ideological statement. I sometimes sense\nthat the frequent usage of the phrase \u201crights and community-based approach\u201d in many\nUNHCR documents is more a statement of fashion than of substance.\n\n\nFor me, a community-based approach is a practical approach to achieving the\nprotection of refugees. A community-based approach can be an effective and efficient\nmeans of delivering programmes, and it can promote the protection of refugees,\nmainly by increasing their level of social capital. The approach will be most\nsuccessful if accompanied by testing assumptions through rigorous programme\nevaluation, using a variety of methods and building on the existing literature in\nhumanitarian, development and academic circles on community development and\nsocial capital.\n\n\nThis fits in with the overall move toward evidence-based humanitarian action and\nresults-based management. We must have the willingness to experiment and freedom\nto get it wrong sometimes. We can then refine the community-based approach based\non what works and jettison approaches that do not have a positive impact on the\nprotection of refugees. This is a future role for an intellectually dynamic, resultsoriented community services function rooted in UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/964e546f-f38c-305e-acc6-c39c5dc8cc28/B4E027775C5F920C852577BA0071C729-unhcr-and-community-development-oct2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_252/raw/doc_252_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_252/raw/doc_252_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 56305006b1ff5c71b9383644fffd831475fe29a4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_252/raw/doc_252_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER\nFOR REFUGEES\n\n\n**SUMMARY REPORT OF THE INQUIRY**\n**INTO THE DEATH OF ONE UNHCR STAFF MEMBER**\n**AND THE ABDUCTION OF ANOTHER**\n**IN MACENTA, GUINEA, ON 17 SEPTEMBER 2000**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Inspector General\u2019s Office\n8 December 2000\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n\n**1.** **INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1**\n\n\n**2.** **BACKGROUND.................................................................................................2**\n\n\n**3.** **SEQUENCE OF EVENTS...................................................................................3**\n\n9-15 September.....................................................................................................3\n16 September........................................................................................................4\n17 September - attack on Macenta......................................................................5\n17 September - attack on Mensah's house..........................................................6\n17 September - after Mensah's death..................................................................7\n\n**4.** **WHAT PROBABLY HAPPENED .....................................................................8**\n\nResponses..............................................................................................................9\n\n**5.** **ANALYSIS OF KEY ELEMENTS....................................................................10**\n\nRisk assessment and precautions......................................................................10\nWas UNHCR targeted?......................................................................................12\nResponse to the attack.......................................................................................12\nReasons for the killing and abduction...............................................................13\n\n**6.** **OBSERVATIONS AND SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS.......................13**\n\n\n**7.** **RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................14**\n\n\n**ANNEX** : Abbreviations and map\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n1. One UNHCR staff member - Mr Mensah Kpognon (Head of Field Office\nMacenta) - was killed and another - Ms Laurence Djeya (on mission from SO\nDanan\u00e9 in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire) - was abducted during a rebel attack on the town of\nMacenta in south-east Guinea on 17 September 2000.\n\n\n2. The terms of reference for an internal inquiry were promulgated on 11\nOctober. The inquiry was to: establish the sequence of events; establish the context\nin which events unfolded, how this was interpreted, what actions and decisions\nwere taken and with what consequences; and draw conclusions and make\nrecommendations accordingly. The focus of the inquiry was to be the actions and\nresponses of UNHCR. Identifying the perpetrators of the crimes was outside its\nscope. The inquiry was to be conducted under the authority of the Inspector\nGeneral, who was to decide the composition of the inquiry team. A summary of\nthe report to the High Commissioner was to be prepared: this is that summary.\n\n\n3. In addition to Mr Nicholas Morris, the UNHCR Inspector General, the\ninquiry team comprised Mr Ouss\u00e9ni Compaor\u00e9 from his office and Dr Tania\nKaiser, a consultant and anthropologist, who had recently undertaken an\nevaluation in Guinea for UNHCR.\n\n\n4. The inquiry team visited Conakry and Abidjan from 16 October - 3\nNovember, Mr Morris joining the team on 31 October, and worked in Geneva\nthereafter. The team could not visit Macenta, which was in security phase 4. In\nthe course of the inquiry, the team interviewed some 50 colleagues and staff of\nother UN organizations and NGOs, and met the Minister of Decentralisation and\nInternal Affairs of the Government of Guinea. The great majority of these\ninterviews were face-to-face, a few were by telephone, and some information was\nobtained through e-mail exchanges.\n\n\n5. The team did not examine the functioning of the UN security system in any\ndetail, and premised its inquiry on the belief that UNHCR has the primary\noperational responsibility for the security of its own staff.\n\n\n6. With the exception of Mensah Kpognon, Laurence Djeya and Ben Diallo\n(the Field Assistant in Macenta), who are identified by their given names (Mensah,\nLaurence and Ben), UNHCR colleagues are identified by their functional title.\nWhere appropriate because of frequent references, this is abbreviated for\nconvenience after the first usage. A key to abbreviations is provided at Annex,\nwith a map. In references to interviews, \u201cteam\u201d is used for one or more members\nof the inquiry team. The term \u201crebels\u201d is used to describe the attackers (in\ninterviews with the team, those who attacked Macenta were described as\n\u201crebels\u201d). All dates are in the year 2000 unless otherwise indicated. Times are in\nthe 24-hour, four figure format.\n\n\nPage 1 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. BACKGROUND**\n\n\n7. The UNHCR Field Office in Macenta was opened in August 1996 to\naddress the needs of Liberian refugees who fled the civil war in that country.\nDuring 1999 a significant repatriation programme was undertaken, despite\ncontinuing difficulties in Liberia\u2019s Lofa County. Repatriation to this part of Liberia\nis not currently possible because of insecurity.\n\n\n8. The insecurity that existed in the border region between Guinea and Liberia\n(Macenta Region and Lofa) was characterised, on the one hand, by inter-ethnic\nviolence between the Tomas and the Manian and, on the other, by uneasy relations\nbetween the governments of the two countries. The Tomas and the Manian share\na territory which extends across the international border. The Tomas accuse the\nManian of usurping their land. The Liberian authorities accuse the Government of\nGuinea of hosting and supporting rebels active in Lofa Country.\n\n\n9. On 1 September, the village of Massadou was attacked with the loss of 47\nlives and many injured. After the attack on Massadou, the security forces at\nMacenta were reinforced, including by special forces (Berets Rouges). Some\nwitnesses report that there were persistent rumours of an imminent attack on\nMacenta town by rebels. These rumours caused consternation among the\npopulation. During this period, in a move that was followed by similar demands\nin other Prefectures, the Pr\u00e9fet of Macenta demanded that refugees living in town\nshould leave.\n\n\n10. Rumours linking the refugee population and the rebels had been in\ncirculation for some time. Five refugees were arrested on suspicion of having\nparticipated in the attack at Massadou. One of them reportedly confessed to\nhaving been involved; the others had been assisting UNHCR staff from Macenta\nwith a food distribution that day and were freed by the authorities.\n\n\n11. On 9 September, the President of Guinea made an address to the nation in\nwhich he implicated refugees in rebel attacks on the country. This markedly\naggravated relations between the refugee and local populations, which were\nalready tense. The consequences of the presidential address were diverse and\ncomplex, and were felt throughout the country. In addition to Conakry itself,\nrefugee hosting areas such as Gueckedou, Macenta and Forecariah were\nparticularly seriously affected. UNHCR staff in these areas experienced greatly\nincreased hostility on the part of both the Guinean authorities with whom they\nworked and the local population. These developments led to significant protection\nproblems in the forest region, including the arrest of 14 Sierra Leonean refugees.\n\n\n12. The staffing of the UNHCR Macenta office was not stable during this\nperiod. The Field Assistant (Ben) was on leave from 1 September and returned on\nthe evening of 7 September, followed by Mensah himself on 11 September. The\nreturn of Ben made it possible for the office secretary to depart on 11 September.\nShe talked briefly with Mensah about the security situation when they overlapped\n\n\nPage 2 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "at the airport. The Macenta Protection Officer (MPO) was present in the weeks\npreceding the attack, going on leave himself on 14 September.\n\n\n13. In Gueckedou, the Head of Sub Office was away (he returned to Conakry\nfrom leave after the events of the 17 September) and the Senior Programme Officer\nwas acting Head (AHOG). The UNHCR Field Safety Adviser based in Gueckedou\n(FSAG) was on leave from 20 August \u2013 18 September. His Guinean assistant was\npresent and went on an information-gathering mission to Macenta after the\nMassadou attack. Two posts at Gueckedou had long been vacant.\n\n\n**3. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS**\n\n\n14. UNHCR staff indicate that they had relatively few concerns about security\nin Macenta until fighting recommenced in Vonjama, in Liberia\u2019s Lofa County, in\nApril 1999. This precipitated a new influx of approximately 9,000 refugees across\nthe border into Guinea. This group was installed initially at the Daro camp, and\nsubsequently transferred to a new camp at Kouankan in February 2000, after\nattacks on Daro in January.\n\n\n15. The first serious rebel attack of the recent phase of insecurity affecting\nMacenta was the attack on Massadou on 1 September. This attack was not\npreceded, as is often the case, by any warning or announcement by the rebel group\nconcerned. After the attack, rumours circulated in Macenta to the effect that the\nrebels had announced their intention to return and attack Kouankan and then\nMacenta itself, or Macenta alone. Many of those interviewed were clear that an\nattack had been expected in the relatively short term. There was a reduction in\nsocial and commercial activity in Macenta. Residents began to return home early\neach evening. On 2 September, a dusk-to-dawn military curfew was imposed on\nMacenta town.\n\n\n_9-15 September_\n\n\n16. During the President\u2019s radio broadcast to the population on 9 September,\nhe warned the Guinean population against the refugees, accusing them of\nharbouring Liberian rebels. Immediately after the Presidential address,\ngovernment militias began rounding up and detaining refugees in Conakry and\nelsewhere. The situation worsened quickly in Conakry, and thereafter in\nGueckedou and Macenta, with military road blocks, uncontrolled militia\ncheckpoints and the searching of refugee houses by armed militias. An unrelated\ndemonstration in Macenta town on 9 September by some of the Manian\ncommunity added to security concerns.\n\n\n17. On 10 September, extraordinary security meetings were held by UNHCR in\nboth Conakry and Gueckedou. These meetings focused on the heightened tension\nand difficulties faced by refugees in Guinea; including detentions, house searches,\nand increased lawlessness. They did not explicitly address the possibility of further\nmilitary attacks on Guinea by rebel forces. In the Gueckedou meeting, the\n\n\nPage 3 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Agriculture Officer, who had recently been reassigned to Gueckedou from\nMacenta, indicated that he felt a withdrawal from Macenta was advisable. This\nconcern was shared by the MPO, who told the team that, while he did not expect\nan attack on the centre of Macenta town, he feared that the danger was coming\ncloser. The team has not been able to establish whether these concerns were\ncommunicated to the Branch Office (BO) in Conakry.\n\n\n18. On the afternoon of 11 September, Mensah returned to Macenta. On 12\nSeptember, UNHCR\u2019s consultant Physical Site Planner arrived from Gueckedou on\nmission in Macenta, accompanied by the Agriculture Officer. They spent the night\nat the latter's old house in Macenta, on the same road as Mensah's house.\nAccording to the former, Mensah warned the visitors that they should not attempt\nto go out during the evening, as the security situation was very uncertain. Both\nreturned to Gueckedou on 13 September.\n\n\n19. On 13 September, the Senior Regional Legal Advisor based in Abidjan\n(SRLA) arrived on mission in Macenta from Gueckedou, on route to Danan\u00e9 in\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. At the request of Mensah, she accompanied him to the police, the\ngendarmerie and the military camp, in an attempt to resolve the protection\nproblem of refugees detained after the attack on Massadou. On 14 September, the\nSRLA and the MPO left Macenta for Danan\u00e9 (C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire) by road. The former\ntold the team that she felt that the atmosphere in town during her stay was not\ngood, a feeling shared by other staff members present.\n\n\n20. On 14 September, an e-mail message (drafted by Ben after discussion with\nMensah) was sent to the Representative. This noted that fears of an attack on\nMacenta were rife in the town (the main focus of this message was on protection\nproblems faced by refugees). The Deputy Representative received a copy of the\nmessage and forwarded it to the Designated Official for security (DO) and the\nUNSECOORD Field Safety Officer (FSO) on 15 September.\n\n\n21. Late in the afternoon of 15 September, the Berets Rouges advised traders in\nMacenta to close their shops early and to return to their houses. Although they\noffered no explanation at the time, according to several sources a message had\nbeen received to the effect that an attack on Macenta was planned by rebel forces\n(information that appears not to have been known to Mensah).\n\n\n_16 September_\n\n\n22. On 16 September, the Macenta office duty driver (MD) drove to the border\nvillage of Zo, approximately 200 km from Macenta. There he collected Laurence\nwho had been brought to Zo from Danan\u00e9 in a UNHCR vehicle. Both drivers were\nin possession of an \"ordre de mission\" from their respective heads of office.\nLaurence and her supervisor, the Head of Sub Office Danan\u00e9, told the team that\nshe travelled to Macenta at the request of Mensah to provide support to FO\nMacenta in the absence on leave of Mensah's secretary. Her visit was planned to\nlast some 24 hours.\n\n\nPage 4 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "23. On reaching Macenta, the MD and Laurence went directly to the UNHCR\noffice, arriving between 1600 and 1700. Laurence was introduced to the EDP\nAssistant from the Gueckedou office and Ben. The EDP Assistant had arrived in\nMacenta that afternoon on route from Nzerekore to Gueckedou. He went to\nMensah's house, where the two were obliged to push start Mensah's car before\nthey could continue to the UNHCR office, where he worked on the faulty e-mail\nsystem before leaving for Gueckedou. Mensah specifically advised that he should\nleave by 1715, saying that it was not safe to be on the road once darkness fell.\n\n\n24. Laurence accepted Mensah\u2019s invitation to stay at his house rather than in a\nhotel. Mensah's house was situated on the road that leads out of Macenta towards\nNzerekore. The plot is set back approximately 20 metres from the main road and is\nnot easily visible from it. The home of the Pr\u00e9fet of Macenta is on the opposite side\nof the road. The house was enclosed in a walled garden and consisted of two\nbuildings, the principal residence of Mensah, and a smaller annexe in which lived\nhis private staff, comprising a guard and a domestic helper, Charles.\n\n\n_17 September - attack on Macenta_\n\n\n25. Early in the morning of Sunday, 17 September, one of Mensah\u2019s neighbours\nsaw a group of men in the road, whom he took for refugees displaced by the\nconsequences of the President\u2019s discourse. He approached them and heard one of\nthem refer in English to a gun. Remembering the rumours of an attack on\nMacenta, he hurried to the house of the Pr\u00e9fet and warned the three guards there\nthat rebels were entering the town. He told them to alert the military camp.\n\n\n26. All those from Macenta interviewed agree that the first gun shots were\nheard at around 0530, and that they were concentrated around the military camp,\nnear the centre of Macenta town. As soon as he heard them, Ben called the office\non VHF radio, but got no reply from the guard responsible for monitoring the\nradio. He kept trying and eventually received an answer, when he told the guard\nto stay at the office. Mensah was listening in at this time, and the two spoke. Ben\nsubsequently called the Guinean Military Liaison Officer (MLO) assigned to the\nMacenta Field Office, who did not know what was happening in town.\n\n\n27. At around 0615\u20130620, Ben went to the UNHCR office. The guard had left.\nBen again called the MLO on VHF, who told him that it appeared that the military\ncamp in town was under attack. Ben then attempted to make HF contact with\nUNHCR offices in Gueckedou, Nzerekore and Conakry, but without success.\nInformal procedures had been instituted in Conakry and Gueckedou so that\ncontact could be made between offices at any time, but these had not been\nformalized. Ben was frequently in touch with Mensah by VHF, and informed him\nthat the military camp was under attack.\n\n\n28. Ben told Mensah that he had failed to make radio contact with the other\noffices. Mensah agreed that he should break open the door of his office to gain\naccess to the satphone, which Ben did. After again failing to get a reply from the\nother offices, Ben called the mobile telephone number of the Representative. This\n\n\nPage 5 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "was after 0700. Ben informed him that Macenta was being attacked, that there\nwere no immediate concerns for the safety of UNHCR staff, but that he would\nremain in contact with Conakry. The Representative told him that he would\ninform the DO, and that Ben should call back in a few minutes, which he did. Ben\nremained in regular contact with Mensah, updating him with the information he\nhad.\n\n\n29. At Mensah's compound, Charles went into the main house at around 0700.\nMensah told him to tell the guard to remain at his post and then to go back to his\nroom in view of the security situation. Charles did so.\n\n\n30. After speaking to the Representative, Ben again called the Gueckedou office\nby HF and spoke to a driver who called the AHOG to the office. The AHOG\ntelephoned Ben, who briefed him on the situation in Macenta. The AHOG called\nthe Representative and then the Deputy Representative and informed her of what\nwas happening.\n\n\n_17 September - attack on Mensah's house_\n\n\n31. From his room in the annexe to Mensah's house, Charles heard Mensah\ntrying to set up the Sat phone and went to help. Mensah spoke frequently with\nBen on VHF. He told Ben that he could hear gun shots at the house of the Pr\u00e9fet\nacross the road. Mensah and Charles were still trying to set up the satphone when\nthe rebel group arrived. Mensah immediately told Charles to go back and hide in\nhis room. Mensah locked the door just before one of the rebels managed to climb\nover the wall of the compound. Laurence recalls that Mensah made an emergency\nVHF call for assistance to the Guinean military.\n\n\n32. Ben received a radio call from Mensah, informing him of the presence of\narmed men in the area around the house. A Beret Rouge lieutenant with a radio\noperator had meanwhile come to the UNHCR office to use the telephone. Ben\nasked the Beret Rouge radio operator to check if the Guinean military had\ndeployed troops to the part of the town where the Pr\u00e9fet\u2019s house was located.\nWhile they waited for a reply, Mensah came back on the radio to say that the\narmed men were speaking English. At this point it became clear to Ben that they\nwere probably rebels.\n\n\n33. Ben immediately informed the Beret Rouge radio operator that the houses\nof the Pr\u00e9fet and Mensah were being attacked by rebels, and to inform his base\nthat a military force must be sent directly. About three minutes later, Ben asked\nhim to call the base again to check. The operator was told that a force had left, but\nit was not known if they had reached their destination. Ben informed Mensah.\n\n\n34. Mensah called again almost immediately to say that he thought that the\nrebels were trying to force the gates. Ben immediately asked the Beret Rouge\nlieutenant who was with him in the UNHCR compound to send his vehicle and\nthree soldiers to Mensah\u2019s house. The lieutenant authorised this, and it was agreed\nthat the office\u2019s military guard would accompany the other soldiers, as he knew\n\n\nPage 6 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the location of Mensah\u2019s house. Ben called Mensah again on VHF, but without\nreply. At about 0800, the MD returned to the house of the MLO (he had gone\nthere earlier, at around 0740), and was again reassured that the MLO had recently\nbeen in contact with Mensah. The MD called Mensah on the MLO\u2019s VHF, but\nreceived no reply.\n\n\n35. From his hiding place in his room in the annexe, Charles could hear more\nthan he could see. A rebel saw Mensah\u2019s vehicle and shouted to others. One\nclimbed over the gate and let the rest in. The group numbered between seven and\nten. Some of the group approached the main door of the house and shot at it, in\norder to break the lock. They entered the house and Charles heard them\ndemanding money from Mensah. He understood that Mensah complied with this\ndemand and gave them what money he had, but they sounded unsatisfied. Then\nCharles heard the rebels demanding the car keys, which Mensah also gave them.\nSome of the group began moving valuables out of the house and into the vehicle.\nCharles heard someone failing to start the car, and then shouting at Mensah to\nstart the car himself, which he tried but failed to do.\n\n\n36. Charles heard Mensah explain that there was a problem with the car\u2019s\nbattery, and ask the rebels to help push the car in order to start it. They tried\nunsuccessfully to jump start the car, probably with Mensah at the wheel. Charles\ncontinued to hear gunfire in the compound. Laurence confirms that the rebels\nbecame very excited and frustrated when the car would not start. They appear to\nhave believed that Mensah was responsible for its failure to start. They became\nfurther enraged when Mensah proposed that they should all go to the UNHCR\noffice, where he could give them a functioning vehicle. They interpreted this as an\nattempt to trick them into passing the military camp on route to the office. One of\nthem told Laurence that he had seen her with Mensah and another man (perhaps\nthe EDP Assistant) at the office the previous day, demonstrating that they knew\nthe location of the office and its proximity to the Beret Rouge camp.\n\n\n37. Laurence said that after the rebels rejected Mensah\u2019s suggestion that they\ngo to the office, he stood up apparently with the intention of making a final\nattempt to start the car himself. A neighbour in hiding nearby heard a voice\nsaying \u201cfire, fire\u201d. Seconds later, he heard the same voice ordering, \u201cdon\u2019t kill\nher\u201d. He assumed that the rebels had killed Mensah, but that Laurence had been\nspared.\n\n\n_17 September - after Mensah's death_\n\n\n38. Soon after the rebels emerged from Mensah\u2019s compound and on to the\nroad, witnesses heard other rebels asking them what had happened. They said\nthat Mensah had resisted giving them money, telling them to search for themselves;\nthat had subsequently got in the car and tried to escape; and that they had been\nobliged to shoot him. They justified their actions by saying that they had been\ninstructed to kill any UN staff they came across.\n\n\nPage 7 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "39. At 0815, the military jeep left the UNHCR compound for Mensah\u2019s house.\nImmediately outside the office, however, it was intercepted by the Commander\nwhose vehicle it was. Ben decided to use the office pick-up instead. Driving it, he\nleft the office in great haste, accompanied by two Berets Rouges and the office\nmilitary guard. On the way into the town they met two former military guards of\nthe UNHCR office, and stopped to ask them to join the team. The reinforced\ngroup continued through the centre of the town and out onto the Nzerekore road\nto Mensah\u2019s house.\n\n\n40. By 0830 the group reached Mensah\u2019s house and encountered gunfire from\nthe retreating rebels. Jumping down from the vehicle, they threw themselves to the\nground while the soldiers returned fire for some two minutes. Ben saw Mensah on\nthe ground outside the gate, close to the car\u2019s driver door: it was obvious that he\nwas dead. Ben called the UNHCR office to tell them to send the ambulance.\n\n\n41. As there was nothing he could do for Mensah, Ben began to search for\nLaurence. He asked Mensah\u2019s immediate neighbours if they had seen her. One\nhad seen Laurence leaving with the rebels and had heard one order the others not\nto kill her. Ben had called the MLO to the scene and they met him arriving as they\nleft for the office with Mensah\u2019s body in the ambulance. On arrival back at the\nUNHCR office, Ben called the Representative by satphone to inform him of the\ndeath of Mensah. Then he also called the AHOG, who informed the Deputy\nRepresentative and the Pr\u00e9fet in Gueckedou.\n\n\n**4. WHAT PROBABLY HAPPENED**\n\n\n42. On the basis of the accumulated testimony of the various witnesses\nsummarized above, the probable sequence of events during the attack on Macenta\non the morning of September 17 can be established.\n\n\n43. An advance party of the rebels appears to have infiltrated Macenta the\nprevious night. Before dawn, a predominantly English-speaking rebel force arrived\nin the town using the main road from Nzerekore. While they saw and were seen\nby local residents, they neither stopped nor harmed anyone on the way. The\nattack on the military camp near the centre of Macenta town began around 0530.\nIt lasted for at least two hours, and although the exact numbers of combatants are\nnot known, the battle appears to have been fierce. The rebel withdrawal was\nprotracted and violent; numerous bodies were found along the road between the\nmilitary camp and Mensah\u2019s house. Houses were attacked indiscriminately and\nhostages taken at random.\n\n\n44. After being repelled from the Pr\u00e9fet\u2019s compound by his armed guard, a\ngroup of rebels attacked Mensah\u2019s house at approximately 0800. His house was\nprobably identified because of its position near the line of retreat, and after the\nrebels saw that there was a car parked in the compound. One of the rebels\nclimbed over the gates of Mensah\u2019s compound and let the others in. It seems that\nby then the rebels knew that the occupant of the house was a UNHCR staff\n\n\nPage 8 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "member, given the distinguishing characteristics of the vehicle. During the search\nof the house, Laurence was found hiding in the bathroom. Some of the rebels\nbegan to load valuables from the house into the vehicle.\n\n\n45. The rebels demanded that Mensah hand over his car keys, which he did.\nOne of the rebels and then Mensah attempted unsuccessfully to start the car\nnormally. The rebels then attempted to jump start the car but failed. It was\npushed just outside the gates of the house. Mensah offered to take the rebels to the\nUNHCR office, to collect another car. They refused this offer. The fact that the\nbattery of Mensah\u2019s generator was found next to the car, outside the compound,\nindicates that a further, final attempt may have been made to get it started. The\nfact that Mensah\u2019s body was found on the ground next to the driver\u2019s door\nsuggests that he was at the wheel during the last attempts to start it. Then Mensah\nwas killed after an order by the leader of the group.\n\n\n46. Laurence was spared by the leader who ordered the death of Mensah, and\nthen forced her to leave with the rebel group. The sequence of events after\nLaurence\u2019s abduction is understandably not clear. On 22 September, UNHCR sent\na mission headed by the Assistant High Commissioner to the sub-region to\nintervene for her release. On 24 September, Laurence was able to make telephone\ncontact with her family and on 28 September she was escorted to Monrovia by\nLiberian border guards. There she was handed over to the Ivorian Consul and\nUNHCR. She proceeded to Abidjan the same day, on a UNHCR flight.\n\n\n_Responses_\n\n\n47. During and after the attack on Macenta, Ben responded quickly and\nefficiently. He went to the office and disseminated information on the attack to\nGueckedou and Conakry. He kept in close VHF touch with Mensah, and liased\nwith local staff. At personal risk, he organized the attempt to rescue Mensah\nwhen this became necessary and made the preliminary attempts to locate\nLaurence. He managed the crisis in Macenta after the attack and organized the\nformalities relating to the removal of the Mensah\u2019s body. Finally, he managed the\nevacuation of UNHCR and NGO staff from Macenta to Gueckedou. Once the\nAHOG was informed by Ben of the attack on Macenta, he informed the relevant\nauthorities, colleagues in the BO and took appropriate action in Gueckedou.\n\n\n48. There is no indication that, in the week leading up to the attack on\nMacenta, the Guinean civil or military authorities shared any information on the\nprevailing situation with the UNHCR office. There is no evidence that the MLO or\nother members of the security forces took steps either before or during the attack to\nshare relevant information with UNHCR staff or ensure Mensah\u2019s safety. Despite\nthe reportedly good relations between the Pr\u00e9fet of Macenta and his neighbour\nMensah, the Pr\u00e9fet apparently made no attempt to alert Mensah of the danger\nonce he was himself forewarned by Mensah's neighbour (the Pr\u00e9fet had a UNHCR\nVHF radio).\n\n\nPage 9 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5. ANALYSIS OF KEY ELEMENTS**\n\n\n49. In order to understand the circumstances of the murder of Mensah and the\nabduction of Laurence, some key questions must be addressed. This section\nexamines how UNHCR understood the risks; what precautions were in place and\ntaken, particularly with regard to staff movements and presence in Macenta;\nwhether UNHCR was specifically targeted; and why Mensah was killed and\nLaurence abducted. Summary conclusions are highlighted in bold italics.\n\n\n_Risk assessment and precautions_\n\n\n50. It was clear to those present in Macenta that, since the attack on the border\nvillage of Massadou on 1 September, the security situation in the Macenta area had\ndeteriorated significantly. The Government was attempting to calm inter-ethnic\nhostility, which was increasingly being expressed in violent confrontations.\nRelations between the Governments of Liberia and Guinea were more fraught than\nthey had been for some time, with each accusing the other of supporting rebel\nforces.\n\n\n51. UNHCR staff, both those based in Macenta and those on mission there, all\nhad serious concerns about insecurity in the weeks leading up to the attack.\nWithout exception, however, they expressed great surprise to the team that their\nfears were realised in an attack on the very centre of Macenta town itself. The\nMinister of Decentralisation and Internal Affairs told the team that such an attack\nhad not been foreseen.\n\n\n52. In Gueckedou, the AHOG was fully occupied in managing the crisis\nfollowing the presidential speech. With the office understaffed, it was not also\npossible for him to follow closely and respond to the simultaneously unfolding\nevents in Macenta. In Conakry, the Deputy Representative was extremely\nconcerned by the deteriorating security situation throughout Guinea, particularly\nafter the attack on Pamelap, near Forecariah, on 5/6 September. She took steps to\nincrease staff security, for example by introducing an evening radio check and\nensuring that regular radio contact was maintained between the Branch and field\nOffices.\n\n\n53. The Deputy Representative discussed her concerns with the Representative,\nwho had been shocked by the carnage he had seen at the Forecariah border on 7\nSeptember. Both were increasingly concerned that what had previously been\nunderstood as isolated (or even falsely-reported) rebel attacks along the borders\nmight now be more accurately interpreted as the beginnings of a co-ordinated\ncampaign by a coalition of rebel groups. News of the tragedy in West Timor,\nwhich they and other colleagues discussed at some length, also brought security\nconcerns into sharp focus. On 15 September, the senior pilot of the UNHCR flight\nasked the Deputy Representative whether, as the original aircraft was back from\nmaintenance, the replacement could return to base. He was requested to keep both\naircraft for a few days, and both were used in the evacuation of Gueckedou and\nMacenta staff on 18 September.\n\n\nPage 10 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "54. Key personnel were on leave during the months of August and September,\nincluding the FSAG and the Head of Sub Office (who was also the Area Security\nCo-ordinator). After the 5/6 September attack on Pamelap, the Deputy\nRepresentative argued for the return of both the former UNSECOORD Field Safety\nOfficer (FSO) in Conakry (who had been reassigned to Abidjan without\nreplacement) and the FSAG. The FSO returned to Conakry on 9 September. The\nRepresentative decided to follow the FSO's advice on any recall of the FSAG from\nleave. The FSO felt this was not necessary, as the FSAG's national assistant was in\nGueckedou, but the Deputy Representative continued lobbying for the FSAG's\nreturn.\n\n\n55. In this context, it was clear that the security situation around Macenta\nwould continue to be tense, and might deteriorate, particularly in the border\nvillages. The inquiry team feels, however, that _**an attack on the centre of Macenta**_\n_**town was not predictable.**_ Attention was reasonably more focused on the border,\nsome 35 km from Macenta.\n\n\n56. Normal security procedures were in place for Macenta and staff security\ntraining had recently been undertaken. The Macenta office had been supplied\nwith a full range of telecommunications equipment. However, in the weeks before\nthe attack there had been repeated breakdowns. These appear to have been due to\nproblems with maintenance. There were also known mechanical problems with\nMensah's vehicle.\n\n\n57. It was unfortunate that _**the FSO and the FSAG were both absent from**_\n_**Guinea during the critical period.**_ _**Their absences meant that there was no**_\n_**continuity in the analysis of the evolving security situation,**_ and apparently no\nserious consideration was given by the SMT to raising the security phase above\nphase 1. Returning on the day of the President's speech, the FSO's attention was\nunderstandably taken by its aftermath (the FSAG returned on 19 September).\n\n\n58. Other organizations took precautions too but, to the knowledge of the team,\nthe only evacuations in the week of 11 September were of the international staff of\nICRC in Forecariah and Gueckedou, the latter (a single delegate who was also sick)\non the advice of their Geneva headquarters. By the end of the week, it appears\nthat some other organisations were considering evacuating from Gueckedou, but\nonly did so after the attack on Macenta.\n\n\n_Staff movements_\n\n\n59. At the Branch Office security meeting on Sunday 10 September, the\nRepresentative asked field staff in Conakry to return to their posts immediately in\nview of the heightened tension following the Presidential discourse. The exception\nwas Forecariah. In the course of the week of 11 September, first the FSO's national\nassistant and then the FSO visited Forecariah at the request of UNHCR. Their\nconclusion was that, after a second rebel attack on 8 September, the situation there\nhad stabilized.\n\n\nPage 11 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "60. Mensah, who attended the 10 September security meeting in Conakry, flew\nto Gueckedou the next day on route for Macenta. There, he learnt that during his\nabsence staff had been extremely nervous, to the extent of wanting to leave the\ntown. It appears that, while aware of the seriousness of the security situation,\nMensah had some confidence in the capacity of the ongoing high-level political\nnegotiations to diffuse tension in the area. In addition, he was himself extremely\nfocused on the protection problems as a result of the Presidential address.\n\n\n61. While Mensah\u2019s 14 September e-mail confirmed that Macenta's population\nwas living in a state of permanent fear of an aggression from Liberia, most of the\ntext covered the protection problems, including a reference to the SRLA's mission.\n_**The lack of strong indications of imminent danger for the town itself, on the one**_\n_**hand, and his protection concerns on the other, explain why Mensah and his**_\n_**colleagues had not left Macenta before the attack.**_ Similar considerations explain\nwhy there were missions from the SRLA and three colleagues from Gueckedou in\nthe days before the attack.\n\n\n62. There was less justification for the mission of Laurence when measured\nagainst the known security risks. Neither BO Conakry nor BO Abidjan were\naware of her mission, and nor was SO Gueckedou. Had BO Conakry been\ninformed, it seems clear that the mission would not have been authorised: there\nwere security concerns about the much higher priority mission of the SRLA, whose\nprogress was closely monitored.\n\n\n_Was UNHCR targeted?_\n\n\n63. Notwithstanding the rebels\u2019 subsequent references to orders to target the\nUN, _**no evidence has been found that suggests UNHCR was specifically targeted**_\n_**in the attack on Macenta**_ . Rather, the fact that Mensah was killed, and that\nLaurence was abducted, can be seen as the result of a series of unfortunate\ncoincidences. None of the humanitarian personnel, refugees or other witnesses\ninterviewed during the inquiry felt that UNHCR had been an intended target of\nthe attack on Macenta.\n\n\n64. The attack on Mensah's house should be seen in the context of the wider\ndestructive and violent retreat from Macenta of the rebels. Houses situated on the\nroad to the military camp were subjected to brutal attack, many were looted and\nresidents and passers by were killed indiscriminately. Mensah was one of more\nthan 50 people murdered by the rebels. They also abducted an unknown number\nof Guineans, refugees and other foreigners as well as Laurence.\n\n\n_Response to the attack_\n\n\n65. Whether or not Mensah should have attempted to flee his house before it\nwas attacked is unclear. Rebels killed some people who fled, while others\nmanaged to escape. During the attack, Mensah maintained radio contact and took\nall the basic security measures that one might expect in such a situation; windows,\ndoors and the gate were closed and locked, the security guard was in place\n\n\nPage 12 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(unarmed). In addition, he obeyed the instructions of the rebels. He gave them\nwhat money he had and handed over the car keys.\n\n\n_Reasons for the killing and abduction_\n\n\n66. The view of the team is that there were several contributory factors to the\ndeath of Mensah. The rebels were killing people without reason along their line of\nretreat. There need not have been any specific reason for them to kill or spare\nMensah. The rebels appeared primarily interested in stealing money and property,\nand in using Mensah\u2019s car to make their getaway. The testimony of Laurence and\nMensah's neighbour, who heard the order to kill him, suggests that the rebel leader\ngave the order to fire in anger and frustration. Laurence was spared by the rebel\nleader when one of his subordinates wanted to kill her. She had shown them ID\ndocuments proving that she was Ivorian, but it is not clear if this was a significant\nfactor. Laurence\u2019s abduction was one of several that day. Other men and women\nwere taken hostage during the attack on the town.\n\n\n**6. OBSERVATIONS AND SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\n67. The attack at Massadou on 1 September signalled the beginning of\ndeterioration in security in the Macenta area of the Guinean border with Liberia.\nThis was recognized by the local civil and military authorities, who reinforced\nmilitary capacity and increased security measures in Macenta. There were attacks\nin the Forecariah area the following week. The BO correctly viewed these\ndevelopments with concern, but the President\u2019s 9 September speech provoked an\nunexpected and major crisis that demanded an immediate and almost allconsuming response from the BO. This was probably the most serious challenge\nthat UNHCR had faced in Guinea, and it took remarkable efforts by the\nRepresentative and his colleagues to defuse an explosive situation.\n\n\n68. As this situation started to come under control in Conakry, the effects of the\ncrisis became more acute in the field. Attention that had been increasingly\nfocusing on security concerns linked to cross-border threats was shifted to the new\nprotection problems created as a result of the President\u2019s speech. Although aware\nof the implications of the attack on Massadou and of the build up of tension\nthereafter, Mensah probably saw this trend less clearly than he would have had he\nbeen present at the time, and had there not been the other distractions immediately\non his return.\n\n\n69. The absence of the FSAG on leave and the reassignment of the FSO in early\nJuly without replacement meant a critical loss of continuity and of the necessary\nprofessional expertise. Here too the President\u2019s speech was a factor: the FSO was\nrecalled in response to the developments in the field before it, arrived back as it\nwas being delivered, and was immediately caught up in its aftermath. Recalling\nthe FSAG too would, with hindsight, have been the right option, but would not\nhave been necessary had there been a temporary replacement for such a key post\nduring a predictable and necessary absence on leave. By 9 September, there was a\n\n\nPage 13 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "good case to be made for increasing the security phase for at least Gueckedou and\nMacenta, but that action would not necessarily have affected the presence of\nMensah and his colleagues in Macenta.\n\n\n70. While aware of the rumours, none of the colleagues interviewed by the\nteam had predicted an attack on Macenta town itself, and it came as a surprise.\nThe view of the team is that such a prediction was not a reasonable expectation\nfrom UNHCR. Some warning could, however, reasonably have been expected\nfrom the Government, which should have been aware of the risks, given the\npresence of supporters of a Liberian opposition group in the town and the\nimplications of the attack on Massadou. Even after the attack began, no warning\nwas given to UNHCR, and nor was any attempt made to ensure the safety of\nUNHCR staff.\n\n\n71. It does not appear that either Mensah or his house was sought out by the\nrebels in the course of the attack. Rather, the view of the team is that that the\nexplanation lies in the location of the house near the rebels\u2019 line of withdrawal.\nMensah and Laurence found themselves in the wrong place at the wrong time\nwith tragic consequences. Like the killing of Mensah, her abduction took place in\nthe context of generalized violence and hostage taking as the rebels withdrew from\nMacenta.\n\n\n**7. RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n72. The recommendations that follow are predicated on the assumption that in\nthe discharge of its mandate UNHCR will continue to be called upon to operate in\ninsecure environments. UNHCR must therefore take every possible measure to\nassess and reduce the risks to its staff and partners. The recommendations are not\nGuinea specific. Some are common to this and the West Timor inquiry reports. In\nview of the concurrent work of the task force on security, they are high-level, not\ndetailed, and are not intended to be comprehensive.\n\n\n(1) Field operations in insecure areas must have the necessary security\nmeasures, including mobile and fixed communications, staff, including security\nstaff, with the right training and experience and properly briefed on the security\nenvironment, and the necessary staff support all in place. (This was not the case:\nposts were unfilled; communications equipment and vehicles were faulty and ill\nmaintained; key staff were absent; and a number of staff had previously had\nconsecutive high risk and stressful assignments or missions.)\n\n\n(2) At each management level within an insecure environment, developments,\ninformation and intelligence affecting staff security should be monitored and\nanalysed on a regular and where necessary day-to-day basis. Information\ngathering should draw on those with the best understanding of the local situation\nboth within and outside UNHCR.\n\n\nPage 14 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(3) To this end, Heads of field offices must ensure that critical information\nrelevant to security is regularly forwarded to their supervisors in written form, and\nthat their expectations with regard to a response and support are clearly indicated.\nFor their part, supervisors must ensure that this information is forthcoming from\ntheir subordinates, and properly acknowledged.\n\n\n(4) Situations where UNHCR may be viewed with hostility require particular\nattention. (In this case, the President had identified the refugees, and by\nassociation UNHCR, with the rebels. The rebels may identify UNHCR with\nsupport to the security forces and by association, with opposition forces such as\nwere based in Macenta.) Specifically, logistical and other support provided by\nUNHCR to support the local authorities should only be used for its intended\npurpose. Vehicles provided by UNHCR should not be readily identified as\nUNHCR\u2019s. (In this case, those vehicles - which were occasionally used by the\nsecurity forces - carried easily visible UNHCR markings.)\n\n\n(5) Funding for security-related expenditures such as communications, vehicles\nand maintenance should be isolated from the effects of cuts in programme funding.\nWhere this is not possible, the most exposed and marginal offices may need to be\nclosed.\n\n\n(6) Staff should always be in a position to share concerns about their personal\nsecurity with the management. Staff who reasonably feel themselves to be in a\nsituation of danger and who ask to leave should be temporarily relocated.\n\n\n(7) Discipline and accountability with regard to security should be markedly\nincreased. The responsibility, authority and ability of the Heads of all offices to\ntake timely action in the face of security threats must be reinforced, including\nthrough training. (It may be noted that the evacuation of Gueckedou revealed the\nunauthorized presence of a significant number of family members.)\n\n\n(8) More generally, the security of staff cannot be divorced from that of\nrefugees and from the provision of assistance. When programme activities have\nalready been seriously decreased by a reduction of funds and insecurity, the\nsituation must be closely monitored in order to ensure that staff are not left in\nsituations of potential danger where the risks outweigh the benefits to refugees.\n\n\n(9) Finally, the team recommends that an appropriate commendation be\naddressed to the Macenta Field Assistant, Ben Diallo. Throughout the attack and\nits very difficult aftermath, Ben behaved in an exemplary manner. He showed the\nprofessional qualities required for the management of an emergency situation. In\nattempting to rescue Mensah when the danger was evident, he demonstrated\nloyalty to UNHCR, courage and personal commitment.\n\n\nPage 15 of 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3dd5deb7-9403-3215-8841-f61dfab18220/B612655DB739082AC1256C1A002F77BA-unhcr_guineasum1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_253/raw/doc_253_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_253/raw/doc_253_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5d65f288c372bcb3bf1e511bdb2c80ec92a53df6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_253/raw/doc_253_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 154**\n\n# **Influencing state behavior for refugee protection:** **UNHCR and the design of the refugee protection regime**\n\n\n**Maria Stavropoulou**\n\n\n**UNHCR and Athens Law School**\n\n\nE-mail: stavropo@unhcr.org\n\n\nApril 2008\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The\npapers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under\n\u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nUNHCR is the guardian of the international refugee protection regime. In fulfilling this role,\nUNHCR is also the single most important actor in its constant development. [1] This paper seeks to\nexamine the way UNHCR designs and adapts the international refugee protection regime, and the\nextent to which this can be usefully informed by theories about how to influence state behavior,\nso as to ensure respect for the standards the regime promotes, in other words, international\nrefugee protection standards.\n\n\nThe paper is based on the assumption that throughout its history UNHCR has gained vast\nexperience in what influences state behavior towards respect for and implementation of\ninternational refugee protection standards, and what, conversely, does not succeed in this goal.\nUNHCR, it must be said at the outset, sets its protection priorities taking at least intuitively into\naccount how states will react to its advice, recommendations and standard setting processes. [2] As\nany legal officer involved in the drafting of Executive Committee conclusions, for instance, will\ntestify, an important feature of UNHCR\u2019s regime design is whether UNHCR\u2019s recommendations\nor standard setting efforts stand a chance of being adopted and being implemented in practice. [3]\n\n\nThe question this paper raises is whether UNHCR\u2019s involvement in designing the international\nrefugee protection regime is adequately informed by regime design and compliance theories. Put\nsimply, the question is whether UNHCR works in this area not only on the basis of intuition and\nempirical claims as to what influences the states it works with, but also on the basis of critically\nanalysing its vast experience, taking note of the findings and feeding them into the ways it works\nwith states to ensure respect for refugee protection. I am not an expert in international relations\ntheory [4] or regime theory, yet I am increasingly intrigued by academic discussions in this area,\nespecially as they relate to international human rights regime design. [5] For the purposes of this\npaper, it is a given that the standards promoted by UNHCR enjoy the highest legal and moral\nauthority. Hence, the paper is not about the standards themselves. Nor does this paper seek to\ndelve into international regime theories or provide a comprehensive description of how UNHCR\ngoes about designing the refugee protection regime. It aims to stimulate discussion as to whether\n\n\n1 It is the role of the guardian of a regime to ensure its continued relevance \u2013 hence, constant development, expansion\nand promotion of the regime is integral to fulfilling any role of regime \u2018guardian\u2019. See also Gil Loescher, \u2018UNHCR\nat Fifty: Refugee Protection and World Politics\u2019, in _Problems of Protection_ (N. Steiner et al., editors), page 3, at page\n16 (stating that UNHCR is the guardian of international refugee norms) and page 6 (stating that UNHCR has become\n\u201ca purposive actor in its own right with independent interests and capabilities\u201d, despite the fact that \u201cit has only\npartial control over circumstances key to its performance\u201d).\n2 This, incidentally, is an important feature (one of many) which sets UNHCR apart from, say, NGOs active in\nrefugee protection advocacy. To succeed in its role as guardian, UNHCR has a vital interest in designing regime\nfeatures that have a high probability of being adopted and abided with.\n3 The same is true for protection officers trying to influence the drafting of national or regional refugee legislation.\n\nJournal, vol. 54 no. 3 (December 2004), pages 621-686.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "we think sufficiently strategically and systemically about how we operate in the area of\ninfluencing state behavior, and whether we need to adopt additional or different strategies.\n\n\nIn this paper I have drawn heavily on an article by Ryan Goodman and Derek Jinks, entitled\n\u201cHow to Influence States: Socialization and Human Rights Law\u201d. [6] I have on purpose avoided a\ncritical analysis of the propositions and models developed in this article, not because I agree with\nthe authors in everything, but because my main aim is to use it as a theoretical prism for much of\nUNHCR\u2019s protection work. One of the challenges I confronted in doing so, however, was that the\nGoodman and Jinks article focuses on the international human rights regime. Between this and\nthe international refugee protection regime there are a number of differences that make direct\napplication of some of the models developed by Goodman and Jinks less evident. For instance,\nthe authors point out that, in contrast to other international law regimes, human rights regimes do\nnot address coordination problems and states have no clear, direct (or self-evident, I would add)\ninterest in securing human rights protection in other states. [7]\n\n\nWhile one may disagree with this position or find it too sweeping, it is nevertheless useful to\nrecall that the refugee protection regime is clearly and unequivocally premised on the need for\ncooperation and coordination by states, if only in recognition of the need to \u2018share the burden\u2019\nand to avoid secondary movements. As so eloquently stated in one of the earlier \u2018notes on\ninternational protection\u2019, \u201cinternational protection of refugees has been accepted as a common\ntrust. One essential aspect of such a trust is that responsibility for ensuring it is either widely\nshared by many or it may well be borne by no-one.\u201d [8] Nevertheless, the two regimes share many\nimportant characteristics, which make the insight gained from the analysis of the international\nhuman rights regime valuable for our purposes.\n\n**Compliance: just a question of political will?**\n\n\nPrior to proceeding with a presentation of the different regime design theories, I deem it useful to\nprovide a brief description of the insights gained from academic work in international law and\ninternational relations in the last several decades examining \u2018compliance\u2019. [9] Compliance may be\ngenerally understood as a state of conformity between an actor\u2019s behavior and a specified rule,\nirrespective of what causes or triggers this compliance. [10] In academic writing it is distinguished\nfrom \u2018implementation\u2019, to the effect that implementation is understood as the process of putting\ninternational commitments into practice (such as the passage of legislation at the national level).\nHence, \u201cimplementation is typically a critical step toward compliance, but compliance can occur\nwithout implementation\u201d [11] . For instance, a country may be complying with article 33 of the\nRefugee Convention (non-refoulement principle) even if it has not passed legislation in\n\n\n6 Ibid.\n7 Ibid. page 629.\n8 2001 Note on International Protection, para. 112, available at\n[http://www.unhcr.org/excom/EXCOM/3bb1c6cc4.pdf.](http://www.unhcr.org/excom/EXCOM/3bb1c6cc4.pdf)\n9 See generally Kal Raustiala and Anne-Marie Slaughter, \u2018International Law, International Relations and\nCompliance\u2019, in _Handbook of International Relations_ (Walter Carlsnaes et al. eds., 2002) at page 538 seq., in\nparticular page 539-540.\n10 Ibid. page 539.\n11 Ibid.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "implementation of that Convention, as long as it does not return refugees to countries where they\nface persecution.\n\n\nThe concept of \u2018compliance\u2019 with a rule is also linked to the concept of \u2018effectiveness\u2019. A rule\nmay be considered as \u2018effective\u2019 if it \u201cinduces changes in behavior that further the rule\u2019s goals\u201d. [12]\nFor instance, the principle of non-refoulement is \u2018effective\u2019 in a given state, if, following its\nadoption, that state ceases to intercept or return refugees where they face persecution. However,\n\u201cwhile high levels of compliance can indicate high levels of effectiveness, they can also indicate\nlow, readily met and ineffective standards\u201d. [13] In the EU context, for example, high levels of\ncompliance with the asylum procedures directive do not render effective the right to seek and\nenjoy asylum for all asylum seekers reaching the EU territory. Conversely, \u201cregimes with\nsignificant non-compliance may still be \u2018effective\u2019 if they induce changes in behavior\u201d, [14] such as\nin the case of the principles of best interests of the child.\n\n\nThere are a number of schools of thought that have developed around the concept of\n\u2018compliance\u2019 over the last several decades, each one contributing different theoretical models as\nto what leads to state compliance. [15] With the risk of over-simplifying and, as consequence,\nmisrepresenting some of the concepts underlining these theories, I present four of these schools.\nThe first one to appear historically emphasised the likelihood of compliance, which it tied to\nstates\u2019 willingness to establish regimes when it was in their long-term interest to cooperate; this\napproach was subsequently termed as \u2018rationalist\u2019. The \u2018constructivist\u2019 school of thought, on the\nother hand, emphasises that \u201ccompliance is secured at least in part by the perception of a rule as\nlegitimate by those to whom it is addressed\u201d. [16]\n\n\nHence, it is the quality of a rule itself which causes a \u2018compliance pull\u2019, rather than a rational,\nstrategic interaction. A third school of thought offers a \u2018managerial\u2019 theory (or the \u2018no-fault\ntheory of compliance\u2019), [17] to the effect that states have a propensity to comply with their\ninternational commitments; where this is not the case, this is inadvertent and results, for instance,\nfrom state incapacity or serious resource constraints or from interpretatively contestable treaty\nprovisions, meaning that commitment itself is ambiguous. Finally, a fourth school of thought\nadvances the criticism that \u201cmuch of the evidence about high compliance with international law\nis merely indicative of the \u2018shallowness\u2019 of many international agreements\u201d, [18] and that as\nregimes deepen, they require correspondingly harsher punishments to deter non-compliance and\nsustain cooperation.\n\n\nWhat ideas can UNHCR lawyers and protection strategists draw from these theories? The first is\nthat, while most of the propositions presented above will strike many readers as obvious, it is\n\n\n12 Ibid.\n13 Ibid.\n14 Ibid.\n15 Ibid. pages 540-545. The authors refer to academic work by international law and international relations scholars\nthat have left their mark in the development of compliance theories, such as Louis Henkin, Richard Falk, Oscar\nSchachter and Abram and Antonia Chayes.\n16 Ibid. page 541, citing Thomas Franck, \u2018Legitimacy in the International System\u2019, in _American Journal of_\n_International Law_, vol.82 (4) page 705 seq.\n17 Ibid. page 542-543, citing Chayes and Chayes, \u2018On Compliance\u2019, in _International Organisation,_ vol. 47(2) page\n175 seq.\n18 Ibid. page 543, citing Downs, Rocke and Barsoom, \u2018Is the Good News about Compliance Good News about\nCooperation\u2019, in _International Organisation_, vol. 50(3) page 379 seq.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "important to acknowledge that their results are not incidental or accidental, but can actually be\nexplained in terms of cause and effect, and consequently can be predicted and designed . The\nsecond is that, to paraphrase Slaughter and Raustiala, while we, UNHCR lawyers, are often\ncreative and insightful in analysing and conceptualising what we experience in our work, we do\nnot always test our theories. Often we conclude that if only there were the political will,\ncompliance would be achieved. Political scientists, on the contrary, are more focused on working\nout models and insist on specifying precise causal relationships. I will now turn to regime design\ntheories and try to show what we can gain from applying some of these models.\n\n**Regime design theories: ensuring respect through design?**\n\n\nIn this paper I use the term \u2018regime\u2019 to refer to the formal and informal aspects of a regulatory\nenvironment. [19] This includes all implicit or explicit norms, rules and decision-making procedures\nbuilt on and around international refugee law. As far as standards are concerned, they are found\nin the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention) and the 1967 Protocol, [20]\nregional instruments on refugee protection, the Travaux Preparatoires, [21] Executive Committee\n(ExCom) conclusions, [22] General Assembly resolutions on refugee issues and international and\nregional human rights treaties and instruments. They are further, and importantly, included in\n\u2018notes\u2019 on international protection to the ExCom, [23] the Handbook on Refugee Status\nDetermination Procedures, [24] guidelines [25] and positions such as those resulting from the Global\nConsultations, [26] the Agenda for Protection, [27] and legal advice provided to governments in the\nprocess of the drafting of national refugee legislation.\n\n\nIn addition to \u2018hard\u2019 and \u2018soft\u2019 standards, the decision-making procedures, or the processes\nthrough which standards emerge, are equally important features of the refugee protection regime.\nGovernments \u2018gather around\u2019 UNHCR to \u2018advise on refugee protection\u2019 at the annual session of\nUNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (ExCom) and its subsidiary Standing Committee. The\nExecutive Committee had initially twenty-five members; at present it has seventy-two. [28]\nOccasionally, a High Commissioner may decide to create additional fora, such as the Convention\nPlus initiative [29] and the High Commissioner\u2019s Forum, [30] or, more recently, the High\n\n\n19 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, at note 1, page 623, citing Stephen D. Krasner, _\u2018Structural Causes and Regime_\n_Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables\u2019_, in International Regimes (Stephen D. Krasner, ed., 1983).\n20 For the text of these documents see [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf.](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf)\n21 For the Travaux see [http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/protect/3c07a8642.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/protect/3c07a8642.html)\n22 On ExCom see generally [http://www.unhcr.org/excom.html. For the text of the Conclusions see](http://www.unhcr.org/excom.html)\n[http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/excom/3bb1cd174.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/excom/3bb1cd174.html)\n23 For the Notes see [http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/excom/3b54444912.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/excom/3b54444912.html)\n24For the Handbook see [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3d58e13b4.pdf.](http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3d58e13b4.pdf)\n25 See [http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/publ/3bc17bbc4.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/doclist/publ/3bc17bbc4.html)\n26 See [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/3b7cea1b4.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/3b7cea1b4.html)\n27 See [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3e637b194.pdf.](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3e637b194.pdf)\n28 For a list of current members of the ExCom see [http://www.unhcr.org/excom/40111aab4.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/excom/40111aab4.html)\n29 See [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html)\n30 See [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection Challenges. [31] Regional initiatives may also be\norganised, although rather rarely. [32]\n\n\nThese fora and initiatives do not play a supervisory role for the Refugee Convention, as do, for\ninstance, the human rights treaty bodies, established under the various international human rights\nconventions. UNHCR participates in a multitude of other fora directly relevant to refugee\nprotection, in the context both of the United Nations and other inter-governmental and regional\norganisations. In these fora, however, it does not drive the design of the various regimes and can\nhave only limited impact. [33] We will return later to these elements of the refugee protection\nregime (membership in bodies and fora, nature of norms and enforcement mechanisms). [34]\n\n\nInternational refugee law aims to ensure that states will guarantee the protection for refugees,\nincluding by effecting changes to their practices. International relations theories\u2019 explaining what\nmakes states indeed change their practice towards abiding with international human rights\nstandards have been described to generally fall into three categories of social mechanism:\ncoercion, persuasion and acculturation. [35] In the following paragraphs I provide a description of\neach, giving examples as to how they are applied in the case of the international refugee\nprotection regime.\n\n\nThe first category or type of social mechanism suggests that changes come about as a result of\n\u2018coercion\u2019, namely, \u2018coercing\u2019 states to comply with regime rules, \u201cwhereby states and\ninstitutions influence the behavior of other states by escalating the benefits of conformity or the\ncosts of nonconformity through \u2018material\u2019 rewards and punishments (emphasis added)\u201d. [36] For\ninstance, consider the extreme example whereby UNHCR would threaten to withdraw major\nfunding from a country programme, vital to that country\u2019s survival, if it continued to turn away\nrefugees at its border. [37] It is indeed recognised that UNHCR tends to have more leverage in\ncountries where it makes large financial contributions to refugee programmes. However, since\naccording to the theory about coercion, international normative and institutional developments\nreflect the interests of powerful states, this type of social mechanism appears not to sit\nconveniently with international organisations with less relative power such as UNHCR [38] .\nUNHCR, like other international organisations, can and does exploit this approach when it\n\n\n31 See [http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=search&docid=4745a7602/](http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=search&docid=4745a7602/)\n32 For instance the CIS Conference (CISCONF), see [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html, established to](http://www.unhcr.org/protect/406d21802.html)\ndeal with refugee problems in the aftermath of the break-up of the Soviet Union. After a decade of deliberations, the\nCISCONF was wrapped up in October 2005.\n33 Based on the observations made in this paper, however, UNHCR\u2019s involvement in fora such as the EU or the IGC\nmay be worth re-evaluating under the prism of effectiveness in influencing state behavior.\n34 In the penultimate section.\n35 See generally Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, pages 625-656. I hope to have captured adequately the typology\nas offered and analysed by Goodman and Jinks.\n36 Ibid. page 633.\n37 In the 1920s, when Greece received over one million refugees of Christian orthodox origin, when its local\npopulation did not exceed three and a half million, the assistance provided then by then High Commissioner for\nRefugees, Fritjof Nansen, was crucial to the survival of the country. This, in addition to his remarkable personality,\nexplains at least in part why the High Commissioner was a key and very influential player in the negotiations that led\nto the terms of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. See generally Bruce Clark, _Twice a Stranger:_\n_How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey_ (2006).\n38 Although coercion can be combined with persuasion, where UNHCR convinces a state that it is in its material\ninterest to comply with protection norms. See also Loescher, _supra_ note 1 at page 5.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "garners the political support of a powerful state to affect the behavior of the \u2018target actor\u2019 (the\nstate whose behavior UNHCR tries to influence). It should be noted, however, that compliance\nwith norms in the case of coercion does not necessarily \u201cinvolve any change in the target actor\u2019s\nunderlying preferences\u201d. [39]\n\n\nAccording to the second type of social mechanism, \u2018persuasion\u2019, \u201cinternational law influences\nstate behavior through processes of social learning and other forms of information\nconveyance\u201d. [40] Persuasion means convincing and changing the mind of the target actor, with the\nultimate objective that this actor adopt and \u2018internalise\u2019 new norms and rules of appropriate\nbehavior. The \u201cactor assesses the content of a particular message, such as a norm, practice or\nbelief\u201d, and respect for the norm is achieved through acceptance.\n\n\nHow this comes about in practice is also interesting. One way, described as the \u2018framing\u2019\ntechnique, involves the \u2018framing\u2019 of an issue to resonate with the target audience. For instance, in\nthe early 1990s the issue of the need to offer protection to the internally displaced was \u2018framed\u2019\non the basis of the protection that was available to refugees but not to them, hence linking it to a\ngeneral need to restore equality between the two groups. [41] Another technique \u201cis \u2018cuing\u2019 target\naudiences to think harder about the merits of a counter attitudinal message\u201d, in other words,\nintroducing new information and prompting actors to examine, reflect and defend their\npositions. [42]\n\n\nGiven these features, this process seems to work best in highly institutionalised environments,\nwith an important degree of shared attitudes, where dealing with this new information is a matter\nof routine. Cuing is described as \u2018teaching\u2019, in other words essentially \u201cconvincing target\naudiences to discard previously held views by conveying authoritative information discrediting\nthose views\u201d. [43]\n\n\nThe persuasion technique is very familiar to UNHCR, and certainly much more used at least at\nthe working level than the coercion technique. Much of UNHCR\u2019s work in the area of promotion\nof refugee law is about convincing government officials to adopt and internalise the fundamental\nrefugee law principles (who is a refugee and the principle of non-refoulement) through \u2018framing\u2019,\nthat is, linking those principles to the fundamental values of their audience, such as fundamental\nreligious beliefs, the tradition of offering shelter to refugees in the country, or the history of a\ncountry\u2019s own refugees who found asylum in third countries. [44]\n\n\nThe technique of \u2018cuing\u2019 is also extensively used, as governments are \u2018forced\u2019 to re-examine their\nfears, false beliefs about their obligations under international law, wrongly held views about\nnumbers of refugees and so forth. In this case UNHCR\u2019s \u2018intuition\u2019 has worked well, since, as\nhas been observed, \u201ccuing is particularly important in addressing inadvertent or uniformed\n\n\n39 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 4, page 633.\n40 Ibid. page 635, referring to a rich inter-disciplinary literature on this theory. See notes 33-42 for many references.\n41 Ibid. note 41 and accompanying text, offer references to literature that emphasises the role of \u2018norm\nentrepreneurs\u2019, namely, individuals who can alert people to the existence of a shared complaint and can suggest a\ncollective solution. They create coalitions, make compliance of new norms appear more beneficial, mobilise popular\nopinion and political support and so on.\n42 Ibid. page 637, notes 43-51 and accompanying text.\n43 Ibid. page 638.\n44 See also Loescher, _supra_ note 1 at page 5 (noting that for most of its history UNHCR has acted as a \u2018teacher\u2019 of\nrefugee norms).\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nonobservance of community standards\u201d, [45] which is the case of many of UNHCR\u2019s interlocutors\nat the working level (immigration officials, police and coast guard officials and others). It is not\nclear, however, whether any \u2018cuing\u2019 can take place in the context of ExCom, as the forum is too\nbig and too diverse for actual \u2018persuasion\u2019 to take place.\n\n\nThe third type is described as \u2018acculturation\u2019, that is, the general process of adopting the\nbehavioral patterns of the surrounding culture. [46] The dominant feature here is behavioral change\nthrough pressures to assimilate \u2013 real or imagined ones. In this sense the social environment of\nthe actor, in our case a state, acquires significance; consequently, behavioral change may be\ninduced by changing the actor\u2019s social environment. The theory draws heavily upon principles of\nsocial psychology, describing the internal pressures that lead to behavioral change through, on the\none hand the social-psychological costs of non-conformity and on the other the socialpsychological benefits of conforming to group norms and expectations. Actors, once they\ninternalise some role or identity, are impelled to act in ways consistent with the attributes and\npurposes of that role (\u2018orthodoxy\u2019).\n\n\nIn addition, social pressures will also propel acculturation, through either social-psychological\npressures such as \u2018shaming\u2019 or \u2018shunning\u2019, or through social-psychological benefits, such as\n\u2018back-patting\u2019. [47] Respect for the norm in this case is achieved through conformity, and surely\nresonates with UNHCR staff. [48] For instance, the invitation extended to states of Central Europe\nto join the exclusive EU \u2018club\u2019 was utilised for over a decade by UNHCR as a strategic tool, as it\ncajoled these states into incorporating the EU asylum aquis in their national legislations. [49] Shame\nmobilisation was also recognised by UNHCR in the last fifteen years or so to be an important\nmethod of inconveniencing states when their behavior did not conform to expected standards.\nOur experience has been, nevertheless, that social pressure will not always bring about the\ndesired change, and this may require some further analysis as to when and what type of pressure\nwill work best. [50]\n\n\nIn the case of acculturation it is interesting to note the following: The first is that, obviously,\nbehavioral change does not necessarily mean internalisation of a norm, standard or belief, in\nother words, a genuine \u2018change of mind\u2019. In this sense it differs from persuasion. \u201cAcculturation\ndepends less on the properties of the rule than on the properties of the relationship of the actor to\nthe community\u201d. [51] The result may be disconcerting for us, since it may appear as a half-hearted\n\n\n45 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5 at note 51, citing among others Abram Chayes and Antonia Chayes, New\nSovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements page 17-28 (1995).\n46 Ibid. pages 638.\n47 Ibid. page 641.\n48 See also Loescher, _supra_ note 1 at page 5 (stating that \u201cUNHCR\u2019s tactics have mainly involved persuasion and\nsocialisation in order to hold states accountable to their previously stated policies and principles\u201d).\n49 This specific example, whereby UNHCR operated as a \u2018gatekeeper\u2019 in determining \u201cwhich governments were\nworthy of membership in international society\u201d, see also Loescher, _supra_ note 1 at page 5, also shows that\nacculturation and coercion techniques can be usefully combined.\n50 Goodman and Jinks, ibid page 642, drawing on social impact theories, suggest that the \u201clikelihood of conformity\nturns on strength, immediacy and size of the group\u201d. Hence, conformity increases with the importance the group has\nfor the target actor, with the exposure of the actor to the group, and with the size with the group (whereby\noptimisation is arrived at between three and eight members).\n51 Ibid. page 643.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "or fake commitment to the fundamental refugee protection principles, ready to be violated when\nno one is looking. [52]\n\n\nNevertheless, as will be mentioned also below, [53] social forces can be used to promote rule-of-law\nvalues in many ways other than complete internalisation and change-of-minds. The second relates\nto the social sanctions and rewards discussed above and how these differ from \u2018coercion\u2019. Indeed,\nsocial sanctions and rewards, if they can be translated into material costs by the target actor,\nbecome tools of coercion. If, for instance, a negative assessment by UNHCR results in the\nwithdrawal of development aid by a major donor, then compliance can be said to have been\nsecured through coercion. Generally, however, the kinds of social pressures taken into account\nhere (shaming, back-patting etc.) are difficult to calculate. But the interesting point is that they\nmay induce significant behavioral changes.\n\n\nAs regards acculturation, the question is also raised in academic literature whether states can be\nacculturated, concluding that they can. [54] States can \u2018identify\u2019 with a reference group, and they\nalso respond to cognitive frameworks and social pressures. It is noted that states not only are\nhighly \u201clegitimated actors\u201d in world society, but also that they look like each other in terms of\ntheir structural organisations, educational curricula, militarisation and so on (\u2018isomorphism\u2019), to\nsuch a degree in fact, that this likeness cannot be explained without reference to acculturation\nprocesses.\n\n\nTurning to international human rights, acculturation, rather than coercion or persuasion, seems to\nexplain why so many states have acceded to international and regional human rights treaties and\nhave adopted very similar constitutional provisions protecting individual rights, despite the wide\ndisparities in cultures, stage of development, type of government or technical capacities. [55]\n\n\nRecalling the reference groups mentioned above, [56] accession to norms is found also to have a\n\u2018contagious\u2019 effect within regions, a potentially powerful message for UNHCR. Additionally, the\nprocess of acculturation seems to result not only in the diffusion of similar norms, but also in the\ndiffusion of similar institutions across states. This is important from a human rights perspective at\nthe national level, as it raises interesting possibilities for the role national courts and national\nhuman rights institutions can play in promoting human rights [57] (and by extension refugee rights).\n\n\n52 This is also described as \u2018decoupling\u2019, which occurs when behavior within the state is not in conformity with\ncommitments made towards other states.\n53 See note 69 below and accompanying text.\n54 Goodman and Jinks _supra_ note 5 at page 646. The authors base their analysis on theories of organisational\nsociology.\n55 For a very interesting analysis and rich references to academic research, including empirical studies on\nconstitutions see ibid. pages 649-650. Without themselves taking a stance on them, Goodman and Jinks suggest a\nnumber of ways whereby acculturation of states may work as a micro-process, including the direct acculturation of\ngovernment representatives or policy-makers, of members of special interest groups who may in turn persuade\ndomestic audiences or political leaders, or even of domestic audiences directly who then coerce or persuade their\npolitical leaders towards compliance. UNHCR is familiar with all these techniques (viz work in the context of\nExCom and other fora, and public awareness activities).\n56 See note 50.\n57 It is suggested that some of the most effective regimes are those where links between international institutions and\ndomestic actors are created, such as in the case of the European Court of Justice. See Rauptiala and Slaughter, _supra_\nnote 9 at page 547.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The three types of social mechanisms presented here, through which state behavior is influenced\ntowards respect for international norms, can provide very useful insights to refugee regime\ndesign. We need to recognise, however, that the \u2018logics\u2019 behind them vary substantially, and that\nas a consequence their regime design principles also vary and are potentially at odds with each\nother. As is further discussed below, the choices we make among different design elements are\n_strategic_ choices, which cannot afford to be made accidentally or on the basis of intuition or\nempirical claims. In the next paragraphs, following the models advanced by Goodman and Jinks,\nwe will examine how they can be applied in terms of three regime elements: membership,\nprecision of obligations and enforcement methods.\n\n**Membership in refugee protection fora: restrictive or inclusive?**\n\nThe first regime element examined here is that of \u2018membership\u2019, namely, whether it will be\nrestrictive or inclusive. In UNHCR\u2019s case, for instance, the Executive Committee (ExCom) is\nformally restrictive, since the ExCom rules of election provide that states apply to become\nmembers and are elected if, among other criteria, they have a \u201cdemonstrated interest in, and\ndevotion to, the solution of refugee problems\u201d. [58] In practice, however, the ExCom membership\nrule applies quite inclusively, in the sense that newcomers are allowed to join and conditions on\nmaintaining membership status are negligible. [59] Some of the states members of ExCom can\nhardly qualify as fulfilling this criterion. [60] In addition, it appears that no ExCom member has\never been expelled from this forum.\n\n\nThe interesting issue for UNHCR is whether and how restrictive, rather than inclusive,\nmembership may influence state behavior towards better respect for refugee law and principles.\nEmploying the mechanism of coercion, we would probably reach the following results: First, we\nwould find that whether a state participates in ExCom or not does not necessary affect the ability\nof a stronger state to exert influence on it, [61] since under the coercion approach what matters is the\nmaterial interests of states, which are largely dictated by the influence of more powerful states (or\ninstitutions). Second, after a close examination of how ExCom functions in practice, we would\nprobably conclude that the benefits of restrictive or conditional membership are few.\n\n\nRestrictive membership yields the most results when it has an information-forcing effect, thereby\nmaking it easier to \u2018find\u2019 the information necessary to \u2018coerce\u2019 states into changing their\nbehavior, and where it \u2018deepens cooperation\u2019 to such an extent, that in the end only states that do\n\n\n58 The other two criteria are widest possible geographical representation and membership in the United Nations.\n[http://www.unhcr.org/excom/418b5ecc4.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/excom/418b5ecc4.html)\n59 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, at page 656-660. As the authors note, organisations may employ other\ntechniques to limit membership in cases of the participation in human rights fora of governments with offensive\nhuman rights records, e.g., rejecting credentials required for participation, limiting voting or speaking rights or\ndenying access to meetings. See ibid. notes146-151 and accompanying text (the case of South Africa in earlier times\nis mentioned frequently in respect of some of these measures).\n[60 See the list of members of ExCom at http://www.unhcr.org/excom/40111aab4.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/excom/40111aab4.html)\n61 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, at page 661-662, citing John J. Mearsheimer, \u2018The False Promise of\nInternational Institutions\u2019, in _International Security_ (Winter 1994-1995), page 5 at page 7.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "not need to \u2018defect\u2019 very often (and will not need to face the consequences of defection very\noften) join the regime. [62]\n\n\nWithout going into too many details, we should recall that ExCom is not a treaty monitoring\nmechanism, in the sense that human rights treaty bodies are, nor a peer review mechanism, as is\nthe case with the ILO and UNESCO procedures. [63] The information made available about the\nprotection of refugees in specific countries during ExCom is very limited. In addition, at least in\ntoday\u2019s world it is difficult to see which states would be willing to participate in a forum on\nrefugee protection with restrictive membership, with a high entry bar. [64] But this is a matter of\nspeculation, and it might be interesting to try to test it.\n\n\nIn the hypothetical case that UNHCR were to initiate the creation of an exclusive committee for\nmonitoring the protection of refugees, where only states with a demonstrated record of protecting\nrefugees would be invited to participate, then the specific design of this mechanism would also\nneed to be done carefully, to ensure, for instance, that information otherwise difficult to get\nwould be a prerequisite for admission (e.g., number of separated children asylum seekers in\ndetention).\n\n\nAnalysing the advantages and disadvantages of restrictive and inclusive membership from a\npersuasion perspective would also yield interesting results. Generally, the social mechanism of\npersuasion favors an inclusive membership because it sees it as a structural opportunity for\ncollective deliberation and dialogue. [65] It also allows states with a strong protection agenda to\ncoordinate their efforts at persuasive diplomacy. The deliberations during ExCom leading up to\nthe adoption of its Conclusions have much flavor of a persuasion approach. Restrictive\nmembership, on the other hand, is seen as punitive, and therefore not conducive to persuasion.\n\n\nAt the same time, in a case of restrictive membership it might be that forces inside an excluded\ncountry would be galvanised to shape the local political agenda. It might be interesting, for\ninstance, to test reactions especially within liberal societies by excluding their states from, say, an\nexclusive group of \u2018governments advocates for refugees\u2019, on the basis that their governments do\nnot respect their commitments to refugee protection.\n\n\nAnother possible advantage of restrictive membership under a persuasion model would be that\nnegotiations towards membership would allow raising issues that might otherwise not have\nreceived adequate attention thus far; this may have been the case with central European countries\nduring their EU member candidacy status and the negotiations with the EU on the adoption of the\nEU asylum aquis, mentioned also above. The High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection\nmight usefully employ some of these ideas.\n\n\nThe mechanism of acculturation also generally speaks in favor of inclusive membership, since it\nsees therein possibilities for social pressures and for \u201cpromoting standardised, socially\n\n\n62 Ibid. notes 160-169 and accompanying text.\n63 Walter K\u00e4lin, \u2018UNHCR\u2019s supervisory responsibility\u2019, in Erika Feller, Volker T\u00fcrk and Frances Nicholson,\n_Refugee Protection in International Law_ (2003) page 613 at page 634-651 (reviewing various treaty monitoring\nmechanisms under international law of potential relevance to the monitoring of the Refugee Convention).\n64 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, note 174 and accompanying text.\n65 Ibid. pages 665-667.\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "legitimated models of appropriate state behavior\u201d [66] and norms identified with being a \u2018modern\nstate\u2019. The scholars analysing this mechanism observe that acculturation operates primarily\nthrough international organisations, whereas coercion and persuasion can operate independently\nof them. [67]\n\n\nHence, from the point of view of an international organisation, employing different acculturation\n\u2018techniques\u2019 is inherent in their work towards promoting global respect for its standards.\nRestrictive membership, on the other hand, would encourage \u201cparochial or idiosyncratic modes\nof resistance\u201d and even \u201caberrant official policies and forms of government\u201d. [68] Acculturation\nalso foresees what will happen in the case of defections, in other words in the case of nonobservance of the norms a state has committed itself to. In this case this is conceived of as a\nparticular form of defection, which scholars describe as \u2018decoupling\u2019. Scholars further argue,\nhowever, that \u2018decoupling\u2019 is not an impediment to the diffusion of global norms [69] but may in\nfact assist in the diffusion of norms.\n\n\nThe theory about acculturation does not discount restrictive membership altogether. It sees, for\ninstance, inclusion in a restrictive membership as a form of \u2018back-patting\u2019 and as a way of\nsignificantly increasing identification within the group. Yet at least as far as human rights\nregimes are concerned, the disadvantages, which include the adoption of standards too high for\noutsiders to ever hope to adopt, and the increasing disparity among insiders and outsiders, are\nvery serious from an acculturation perspective. The mechanism of acculturation speaks generally\nin favor of an inclusive human rights regime, where deviant states gradually and increasingly\n\u2018imitate\u2019 and \u2018identify\u2019 with the group in which they are included. [70]\n\n\nIn the case of the international refugee protection regime, however, we observe a distortion in the\nlast two decades. The mechanism of acculturation, especially in the context of migration control\nregimes, and in particular the imitation elements of it, to a large extent explains the current state\nof refugee protection in the world and may strongly indicate the need for different acculturation\nmethods and mechanisms beyond the confines of ExCom and fora with a strong focus on\nmigration control, but a nominal only interest in refugee protection. Moreover, a restrictive\nregime might encourage the establishment of \u2018qualifying criteria\u2019 which would include a basic\ncommitment to refugee protection, but also the establishment of national institutional\narrangements, which foster subsequently the diffusion of global norms through local structures. [71]\n\n\n66 Ibid. note 187 and accompanying test, citing the work of Martha Finnemore.\n67 Ibid. page 668.\n68 Ibid. page 669. The authors explain in some detail how acculturation \u201cpredicts the institutionalisation of deviance\nwithin subcultures that can form among outsiders who have been denied access to the dominant group\u201d, and by\nconsequence how states with fewer connections to international bodies, such as Burma and North Korea, may be\nmore \u201cprone to adopt aberrant official policies and forms of governance\u201d.\n69 Ibid. page 670.\n70 Ibid. notes 200-203 and accompanying text, page 671.\n71 Ibid. notes 208-210 (noting that this has been found to be inadvertently the case for domestic natural science\nassociations and environmental institutes which diffuse the global models of environmentalism).\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugee protection norms: precise or ambiguous?**\n\n\nThe second issue to be examined under the prism of the three social mechanisms, coercion,\npersuasion and acculturation, is that of the extent of the precision of obligations in a regime. Here\nthe debate is not whether international legal obligations must be very precise (as is frequently\nargued), but whether the level of precision of these norms may influence the behavior of states,\nand how. As is the case with many international legal regimes, the international refugee\nprotection regime might also be \u2018accused\u2019 of lack of precision, especially if compared with some\nnational asylum regimes. Goodman and Jinks argue that the issue of precision must be evaluated\nalong two dimensions: first, the effects of the legislative process (the drafting) and second, the\neffects on compliance (ex ante and ex post effects respectively). [72]\n\n\nCoercion generally favors precise law for a number of reasons. For instance, it reduces possible\ndisputes over whether a state has respected its obligations, hence reduces the possible\nreputational, and thereby material, costs of non-compliance. Also, acceding to a regime with high\nprecision signals a willingness and capacity to respect these obligations. [73] The disadvantage is\nseen during the legislative process (ex ante effects): Negotiations are longer and agreement may\nbe very difficult to obtain, or once obtained, may reveal an agreed text which is very \u2018ineffective\u2019\nin furthering its goals. Again, the protracted negotiations in the EU on the asylum procedures\ndirective come to mind as a pertinent example, and on the basis of this and other similar\nlegislative efforts many refugee and UNHCR lawyers argue that re-negotiating the Refugee\nConvention is perilous, as it would almost certainly lead to weakened, \u2018ineffective\u2019 standards.\n\n\nThe persuasion mechanism reaches more or less the same results as far as compliance is\nconcerned (ex post), although for very different reasons. But it also sees the legislative process\n(ex ante) as beneficial. The legislative process itself provides ample opportunity for persuasive\nencounters, whereby states and other actors initiating the process try to persuade other actors that\nthe norm they are advancing is legitimate.\n\n\nPrecise rules help clarify points of agreement and disagreement, which facilitates targeted debates\nabout the content of the norm and provides a framework for movement towards further\nagreement on more controversial matters. In addition, it allows for \u2018framing\u2019 issues more clearly:\nIn UNHCR\u2019s context, for instance, the issue of non-admission at the border is \u2018framed\u2019 as\n\u2018refoulement\u2019. To summarise, from a persuasion perspective adopting ambiguous norms (if the\nadoption of precise rules is difficult to achieve), and deferring their precision to an interpretative\nauthority or a supervisory body can be very successful. In this manner states that would otherwise\nnot accede or face weaknesses in enforcing the norms are constantly involved in interpretation\nand justification exercises, gradually \u2018internalising\u2019 them. [74]\n\n\nWhereas under coercion and persuasion it is generally deemed that precision promotes\ncompliance, even though it makes initial agreement more difficult, Goodman and Jinks argue that\nunder an acculturation perspective the results are potentially reversed. [75] They argue that, given\nthe remarkable levels of homogeneity across all states (such as education policies, bureaucracies,\n\n\n72 Ibid. pages 675-686. For a parallel discussion on the issues of the use of \u2018hard\u2019 law as opposed to \u2018soft\u2019 law, see\nRaustiala and Slaughter, supra note 9 at page 551 seq.\n73 Ibid. pages 677-678.\n74 Ibid. notes 230-241 and accompanying text.\n75 Ibid. page 681.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "development agendas etc.), some measure of precision is achievable, especially in areas related to\nglobally shared norms, and that this level of precision is probably higher than one would\nautomatically assume. But the most important aspect is that of compliance and conformity,\nwhich, in their view, stands a much better chance in the case of ambiguous norms.\n\n\nThis is the case because the content of the rule itself is not as important as the actor\u2019s relationship\nto the forum that has espoused the norm. Hence, social pressures towards conformity with a\nnorm, even if ambiguous, can have more effects than in the case of very precise norms, which\nmay spur disagreements and undermine institutionalisation. Where actors value the judgment of\nthe group, they are likely to conform \u2013 and unlikely to sustain, over the long term, idiosyncratic\ninterpretations. Furthermore, under the acculturation approach, reaching broad consensus has\npowerful effects for the institutionalisation of a regime. [76] The ExCom Conclusions, which are\ntraditionally adopted by consensus, serve, then, this purpose quite well, even if they are\nambiguous; while ExCom itself manages to retain its culture and status through the years, despite\nthe \u2018attacks\u2019 on the refugee protection regime otherwise.\n\n**Enforcement mechanisms for refugee protection?**\n\nTurning to enforcement mechanisms, ranging from \u2018soft\u2019 to \u2018hard\u2019 ones, we should recall that it\nis they that have the most direct effects on the observance of substantive rules. Goodman and\nJinks use the publication of best practices, monitoring and reporting, criticising bad actors, and\nbinding decisions and material sanctions under the perspectives of coercion, persuasion and\nacculturation, to gauge what the effects of these four methods may be on state behavior. They\nalso persuasively argue that \u201cone might mistakenly suppose that exploiting a range of tactics \u2013\nwithout having to delve into finer details of mechanisms and behavioral logics \u2013 is a\npragmatically sound approach\u201d, [77] and go on to point out that tactics may have to be prioritised\nnot only because of frequently limited resources, but also because there may be incompatibilities\namong these tactics, based on the features of the different social mechanisms (coercion,\npersuasion and acculturation).\n\n\nThe coercion mechanism militates for the use of traditional tools of power (military and\neconomic) and would suggest, in the case of refugee principle violations, the establishment of\n\u2018agreements with teeth\u2019 and arrangements that link them to financial and military interests. [78]\n\u2018Softer\u2019 approaches, such as monitoring and reporting, are of limited value, unless they are\nintegrated into coercive mechanisms. [79] Official criticism, e.g., by UNHCR, might be of some\nusefulness, but only if tied to a real commitment to employ power \u2013 otherwise, it loses its\ncredibility and is of no use.\n\n\n76 Ibid. table 3: Precision of obligations, page 686.\n77 Ibid. page 689.\n78 See Raustiala and Slaughter, supra note 9 at page 549, describing the enforcement mechanism of the World Trade\nOrganisation (and observing, remarkably, that \u201ccontrary to many intuitions about democracy and law, democracies\nwere comparatively _less_ likely to comply with GATT rulings \u2013 readers interested should research the cited\nscholarship, as the observation is repeated here out of context).\n79 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5 at page 692.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The persuasion approach sees in \u2018managerialism\u2019 its prospects of acceptance of norms being fully\nrealised. [80] This is achieved through the seemingly endless debates and discussions about norms\nand the gradual internalisation and sincere acceptance of the content of those norms, so that, in\nthe end, external surveillance should be rendered meaningless. Monitoring and reporting, such as\nin the course of human rights treaty body procedures, [81] is highly valued, because it facilitates the\nexchange of ideas and \u2018cues\u2019 states to think harder about their human rights practices and adopt\nsystemic changes. Criticism may complement efforts at persuasion, for instance, by rendering the\nissues under discussion more salient or by mobilising social actors to persuade their governments\nto change their behaviour, but may also poison the communicative atmosphere required for\npersuasion deliberations. [82] This is often a dilemma facing many UNHCR offices: for instance, in\nthe course of protracted debates about draft national asylum legislation, where UNHCR tries to\neffect modifications, issuing publicly critical remarks may have a positive effect in multiple ways\n(mobilising the advocacy network, drawing the attention of higher-level officials and\nparliamentarians etc.) but may also undermine the cordial atmosphere of cooperation between\nUNHCR and the government.\n\n\nCommitment to refugee protection principles, from an acculturation point of view, also provides\nus with useful insights. For instance, the publication of best practices is highly valued, because it\ncontributes to the process of standardisation and offers opportunities for \u2018mimicking\u2019. Monitoring\nand reporting, especially by third parties and organisations, are also considered important, where\nthey result in social rewards (\u2018back-patting\u2019) and sanctions. Where, however, acculturation is\npursued through \u2018mimicking\u2019, reporting and monitoring are not necessarily very useful; on the\ncontrary, and this point is very pertinent to UNHCR, emphasising violations may institutionalise\nnoncompliance. [83] Criticism is generally highly valued, as it mobilises shame (social pressure),\nbut again should not fall into the trap of institutionalising non-compliance, while binding\ndecisions and sanctions are generally disfavored. [84]\n\n\n**Putting the pieces together**\n\n\nThe various observations made above are constructed on a theoretical level that does not\nnecessarily take into account the practicalities of their use or other variables. [85] For instance, were\na treaty body to be established by UNHCR to monitor and report on the implementation of the\nRefugee Convention (as has been demanded in the past, and as both the persuasion and the\nacculturation method, and even to some extent coercion, might call for), it would suffer from the\nsame weaknesses that human rights treaty body monitoring mechanisms face (many overdue\nreports, backlogs etc.). [86]\n\n\n80 Ibid. pages 693-694.\n81 See Raustiala and Slaughter, supra note 9 at page 549.\n82 Goodman and Jinks, _supra_ note 5, notes 293-296 citing scholarship discussing these two variants.\n83 Ibid. notes 302-304 and accompanying text.\n84 Ibid. Table 4: Mechanisms of implementation, at page 699.\n85 See Goodman and Jinks, \u2018International Law and State Socialisation: Conceptual, Empirical and Normative\nChallenges\u2019, in _Duke Law Journal_, vol. 54 page 983-998 (responding to critical observations by Harold Koh and\nJose Alvarez in respective articles).\n86 See K\u00e4lin, _supra_ note 63, at page 654 and notes 202 and 203.\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At the same time these models are valuable for an institution like UNHCR which is entrusted\nwith promoting and ensuring respect for the international refugee protection regime. They make\nus think harder about our strategies. They provide insights as to how this regime needs to\ncontinue to develop, in terms of membership in fora, evolution of refugee protection norms and\nmonitoring mechanisms. They also demonstrate that the social mechanisms through which\nUNHCR may hope to influence state behavior in refugee protection matters must be taken into\naccount; in fact, their various components must be analysed critically before any regime design\nchanges are set in motion, otherwise those changes will not be effective. Combining elements\nfrom the different mechanisms of coercion, persuasion and acculturation is possible and even\ndesirable, as long as it is done in a thought-out manner and with strategic vision. [87]\n\n\nTo illustrate then, rather than in any way attempting to suggest the partial or full re-design of the\ninternational refugee protection regime, the following are some ideas that can be further\nexplored:\n\n\ni) The creation of additional fora building on acculturation and persuasion techniques could be\nenvisaged. Small groupings of countries at sub-regional level, who already host\nproportionately large numbers of refugees and would see it as a reputational advantage to be\ninvited to participate would be an example. A first step could be to link up with a \u2018norm\nentrepreneur\u2019 [88] in a regional power country, who would convince his or her government to\nconvene together with UNHCR a sub-regional forum and proceed with elaboration of norms\nrelevant to the sub-region. It should be recalled that accession to norms has been found to\nhave a contagious effect. [89] If many such sub-regional groups were to be created, whereby\nUNHCR would ensure the diffusion of standardised norms and institutional frameworks,\neventually countries or country groupings with restrictive policies would begin to feel the\nsocial pressure of being excluded from an emerging culture of protection. Some norm\ndevelopment work could be envisaged at such smaller sub-regional fora, which would help\nnot only the diffusion of norms but eventually also the development of norms at global level,\nonce a \u2018tipping point\u2019 in the adoption of norms has been achieved.\n\nii) ExCom and its Standing Committee have played a valuable role through the years in both\npersuading and \u2018acculturating\u2019 governments towards adoption of refugee protection norms. In\nthis sense it will retain its value in developing the refugee protection regime in the years to\ncome, although this value will be diminishing, as it members grow in number and their\nconcerns about national security and migration control gain in importance for them. The\nExCom Conclusions, being neither binding nor very precise in their wording, have\nnevertheless been the key vehicle for the development and promotion of the international\nrefugee protection regime, very much along the lines that the mechanisms of persuasion and\nacculturation would dictate. Whether they will retain their effectiveness in the future,\nhowever, both in terms of indeed furthering their goals (being \u2018effective\u2019) and of being\ncomplied with, is probably an open question. Deliberations among sub-regional groups within\n\n\n87 One example where UNHCR succeeded in effecting a major change in the way powerful governments were\ninterpreting the refugee definition in a restrictive manner was the explicit inclusion of non-state agents as possible\nagents of persecution in the EU Qualification Directive (which is binding upon EU states). This it managed through a\ncombination of persuasion and acculturation techniques, which it sustained over ten years.\n88 See above note 41.\n89 See above text accompanying note 56.\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ExCom, reflecting any developments in the context of sub-regional fora, mentioned under the\nprevious point, might induce ExCom to strengthen its protection standards.\n\niii) The High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection might benefit from becoming a somewhat\nexclusive forum with a small number of participants, balancing out ExCom\u2019s \u2018inclusiveness\u2019.\nThe criteria along which participants are invited to participate, without being too stringent,\ncould serve as a tool of social pressure, as the acculturation model would suggest. Such\ncriteria might include, for instance, a combination of numbers of asylum seekers or refugees\nin relation to the country\u2019s population, eligibility rates, the existence of effective national\ninstitutions on refugee protection and in charge of the asylum procedures, and donor\ncontributions, in relation to GDP or per capita income. Being invited to participate would be\nseen as form of \u2018back-patting\u2019 and might, as discussed earlier, be used by constituencies in\nexcluded liberal countries to press their governments to change state practice. The\nparticipation, on equal footing, of other stakeholders would also encourage more \u2018cuing\u2019 and\nother persuasion techniques. [90]\n\n\niv) Coming to the need of strengthened enforcement mechanisms of the Refugee Convention,\none possibility for cases of non-compliance would be to also delegate them to the subregional level as well. Social pressures to conform, it should be recalled, are stronger within\nsmaller groups and at sub-regional level. As regards the suggestions made in the course of the\nGlobal Consultations process, [91] the suggestion of the creation of a peer review mechanism,\nwith its emphasis on identifying \u2018best practices\u2019, the incorporation of monitoring and\nreporting elements, and confidentiality, appears to be the most interesting from the point of\nview of an acculturation model.\n\nPublicising best practices on refugee protection by countries might in any event need to be\nstrengthened, in line with the acculturation model, as it can encourage the diffusion not only of\nnorms, but also of national institutions and procedures. For instance, a good example of a\nreception centre in, say, one of the islands of the Mediterranean which receives tens of thousands\nof asylum seekers, might prompt other countries in a similar situation to create similar\ninfrastructure. As regards public criticism, of which UNHCR is often accused of not doing\nenough especially toward donor states [92], it should be recalled that, from an acculturation\nperspective, public criticism can play a powerful role by \u2018mobilising shame\u2019 and the resultant\nsocial pressures. At the same time, however, public criticism should not result in alienating states\nby making them feel that they are not interested in these social pressures any more. Hence, a\nbalanced and careful approach as to when to criticise publicly seems to be in order.\n\n\n90 See Jeff Crisp, \u2018 _Beyond the nexus: UNHCR\u2019s evolving perspective on refugee protection and international_\n_migration_ \u2019, paper prepared for the workshop \u2018Challenging sovereignty: What it might take to change global\nmigration regulation\u2019, at the University of British Columbia (March 2008) (on file with the author), page 4.\n91 See \u2018Summary Conclusions: Supervisory Responsibility\u2019, in Erika Feller, Volker T\u00fcrk and Frances Nicholson,\n_supra_ note 63, page 667 at page 670.\n92 See, for instance, Loescher, _supra_ note 1, at page 16.\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusion**\n\nWith this paper I have sought to stimulate reflection and discussion as to what UNHCR could do\ndifferently or additionally to influence state behavior towards better protection of refugees. I do\nnot contend that my presentation is comprehensive, and many issues would need to be analysed\nin further detail. And, while the paper suggests that UNHCR can and perhaps should revisit some\nof its strategies from the point of view of international relations theory, it does not wish to\nobscure the fact that it is ultimately the responsibility of states to secure refugee protection; with,\nor without, UNHCR\u2019s protection strategies and involvement.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13a06372-a96c-374d-9674-d1e824c559f8/BA1085127CB05E21C125743A0049D217-unhcr-apr2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_254/raw/doc_254_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_254/raw/doc_254_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index de4284b30ca5581b6dfe6030424080bc865654de..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_254/raw/doc_254_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,783 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **United Nations (UN) and Partners** **Humanitarian Response for Syrian Refugees in Jordan**\n\n# **Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF)** **Basic Needs Sector Gender Analysis Report** **May, 2017**\n\n0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **_Basic Needs Sector Gender Analysis Report_** _May, 2017_\n\n#### **_Prepared by:_** **_Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points_** _Ruba Saleh (Coordination Associate \u2013 Basic Needs UNHCR, Jordan)_ _Email: salehru@unhcr.org_ _Sana Qasmieh (External Relations Manager- ACTED, Jordan)_ _Email: sana.qasmieh@acted.org_ **_Gender Analysis Support Team:_** _Lillie Rosen (Economic Recover and Development Manager \u2013 IRC, Jordan)_ _Email: Lillie.Rosen@rescue.org_ _Dana AL Ahmad, (M&E Officer \u2013 DRC, Jordan)_ _Email: dana.alhamad@drc-jordan.org_ **_With the Technical Support of:_** _Simon Peter Opolot_ _Senior GenCap Adviser, UN and Partners, Jordan (Email address: opolots@unhcr.org;_ _opolot1@un.org)_\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of Contents**\n\n\nAcknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nAbbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\nExecutive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5\n\n\n2. Objectives of the Gender Analysis ...................................................................................................... 7\n\n\n3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 8\n\n\n3.1 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n4. Findings ....................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n4.1 Selection of targeted population by the Basic Needs sector .................................................. 9\n\n\n4.2 Refugee Community Practices, Cultural and Social roles and Responsibilities .................. 9\n\n\n4.3 What Refugees had before the Crisis, and how these have changed as a result of the\nSyrian conflict ............................................................................................................................................. 10\n\n\n4.4 Basic needs of Specific groups and Persons .............................................................................. 12\n\n\n4.5 Key Performance Indicators ........................................................................................................ 12\n\n\n5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 15\n\n\n6. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\n7. Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\nAppendix 1: Basic Needs Sector Partners ........................................................................................... 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Acknowledgements**\n\n\nThis report is the work of the Inter Agency Task Force (IATF) Basic Needs Sector Gender\nFocal Points, IRC and DRC with the technical support of Senior GenCap Advisers Simon\nOpolot, who guided the design and implementation of the study and data analysis until Nov\n2016. The team would like to thank Basic Needs sector partners for availing the documents\nused in the literature review component of the gender analysis, and the members of Basic\nNeeds Sector Working Group (BNWG) for supporting the process of generating primary data\nfor the gender analysis through organizing and conducting FGD.\n\n\nLastly, this acknowledgement would be incomplete without special appreciation of Volker\nSchimmel (UNHCR) and Elias Jourdi (NRC) (BNWG Coordinator-2016); Elizabeth Barnhart\n(UNHCR) and Fanny Marchand (PU-AMI) (BNWG Coordinator-2017) and the Sector Gender\nFocal Points Network (SGFPN) Co-chairs - Yukiko Koyama (UNHCR) and Katia Urteaga\nVillanueva (UNICEF) - for their leadership oversight during the gender analysis process.\n\n_**Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points:**_\n_Ruba Saleh_\n_Sana Qasmieh_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Abbreviations**\n\n\n_(Fill in all abbreviations \u2013 Table will be discolored after)_\n\n|WASH|Water, sanitation and Hygiene|\n|---|---|\n|NFIs
|Non-food items
|\n|HYG
|Hygienic
|\n|VAF
|Vulnerability Assessment Framework
|\n|PWD
|Person with disability
|\n|PDM|Post Distribution Monitoring|\n\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\n\n\nThe protracted Syria Crisis, now nearing the end of its sixth year, has forced millions of Syrians\nto seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and beyond. Since 2011,\napproximately 659,828 Syrians (as of May 2017) are living in Jordan, placing further strains on\nJordan\u2019s already fragile economy and public services.\n\n\nAs the crisis becomes increasingly protracted, social and economic factors are continually\nchanging and influencing the overall ability of refugees to secure their basic needs. In situations\nof displacement, such as has been created by the Syrian crisis, there is always loss of personal\nproperty. Very often people flee with little other than the clothes they are wearing. Refugees in\nJordan often arrive with very few possessions and are not prepared for their new situation. The\nmajority of displaced families have used any savings or sold any assets they may have had when\nfleeing Syria.\n\n\nWith limited stable livelihood opportunities in Jordan, Syrian refugees face obstacles to\ndeveloping long-term resilience and self-sufficiency. This depletion of resources means that since\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the onset of the crisis, vulnerable Syrian refugees are struggling to cope with the tremendous\nhardship of covering their own basic needs.\n\n\nThis gender analysis was conducted to assess the gender dimensions of the Basic Needs Sector\nand the challenges that Syrian refugees have encountered in Jordan. Refugee population\ndemographics were analyzed together with refugee community practices, cultural and social\nroles and responsibilities for females and males. In addition to analyzing the special needs of\nelderly and persons with disabilities.\nThe research methodology included desk review and organization of Focus Groups Discussions\n(FGDs) with Syrian refugee women, men, girls and boys in Zaatari camp and in urban settings in\nMafraq and Karak to better understand if displacement has caused any shifts in the gender\naspects and power dynamics within households among female and male members of the family.\nThese FGDs were organized with the support of BNWG members mainly UNHCR, UN\nWomen, ACTED and DRC.\n\n\nThe following recommendations are presented for gender-sensitive delivery of humanitarian\nassistance in the basic needs sector\n\n\n1. In Urban\n\n\n - To continue the current Gender sensitive approach of targeting and providing cash\n\nassistance to the most vulnerable group as it preferred by the refugees and can be better\nutilized to address their own basic needs.\n\n\n - Linkages between basic needs and other sectors such as livelihoods, food security and\n\nWASH to be strengthen, taking into consideration the gaps of funds and limitation of\nassistances and the needs to shift to more sustainable income generating activities.\n\n\n2. In Camps\n\n\n - To consider the gradual shift to cash assistance to replace the delivery of NFI. Meanwhile\n\nfurther attention to be paid to persons with disabilities, elderly; males and females, in\naddition to infants, boys and girls to ensure that their basic needs are fully met and\nconsidered, e.g. diapers for both elderly, for persons with disabilities and infants is a\nregular need and it is not distributed in enough quantities to cover the family\u2019s needs in\ncamps.\n\n\n**1.** **Introduction**\n\nThe protracted Syrian crisis, now in its seventh year, continues to force Syrians to seek refuge\nin the neighboring countries of Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and beyond. Jordan like other host\ncountries is bearing the brunt of the crisis. As of March 2017 approximately 657,000 Syrian\nrefugees have been registered with UNHCR Jordan, putting immense strain on already scarce\nresources, and intensifying competition for basic services.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender analysis", - "confidence": 0.8256311416625977, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5921114087104797, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9098227024078369, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Jordan, around 78.5 % of Syrian refugee live outside camps in rural and urban areas, with the\nhigher concentration percentage in Amman (28%), Irbid (21%) and Mafraq (12%) governorates.\n\n\nDemographics of Syrian refugees show that women represent 51 % of total Syrian population,\nout of which 25.8 % are adult women and 24.8% are Girls [1] . This shows that women represent\nhalf of the Syrian refugee community, as such; gender aspects require further attention to be\nincorporated into the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of both quality and\nimpact.\n\n\nIt is important to consider the cultural background for the Syrian refugees, level of educational\nand pervious occupation when designing, implementing and monitoring projects for refugees.\nStatistics show that 42 % of the Syrian population are originality from Dara\u2019a, 16 % from Homs\nand 12 % from Rural Damascus [2] . Out of the total Syrian population 78% of Syrian reported\nhaving access to Education in Jordan [3] . 36% of the registered female Syrian refugees reported\nbeing housewives in Jordan? As occupation [4] .\n\n\nIn situations of displacement, such as has been created by the Syrian crisis, there is always loss\nof personal property. Very often people flee with little more than the clothes they are wearing.\nRefugees in Jordan often arrive with very few possessions and are not prepared for their new\nsituation. In addition to food, refugees need basic life-saving non-food items (NFIs) for their\nsurvival, including items such as blankets, sleeping mats and plastic sheets to safeguard them\nfrom rain, sun, wind, cold weather and other environmental conditions [5] . Kitchen sets, including\npans, plates and spoons, are essential items for every family. Soap and washing powder are\nnecessary to ensure personal hygiene, and jerry cans are needed to collect drinking water and\nto keep it safe from contamination. Clothes or material for making clothes and shoes may also\nbe needed. In addition, women and girls need sanitary supplies.\n\n\nInterventions in this regard should involve identification of vulnerable individuals with specific\nneeds, such as unaccompanied minors, elderly, women at risk, pregnant and lactating women,\nvictims of trafficking and persons with disabilities. Children, too, have specific needs, especially\nthose who have been orphaned and require baby food, clothes, diapers, etc. The data from\n\u201cVulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF) October Baseline Assessment 2015 of Refugees\nLiving in Urban Areas\u201d show that economic vulnerabilities continued to rise for Syrian refugees\nin 2016, with, 89 per cent of Syrian refugees out-of-camps are living below the Jordanian\npoverty line.\n\n\n1 External Statistical Report on UNHCR Registered Syrians as of 15 March 2017, UNHCR information sharing portal for Syria\nregional refugee response\n\n\n2 Ibid.\n\n\n[3 Education Fact sheet, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73)\n\n\n4 Occupational Fact Sheet, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73\n\n\n5 IASC, 2016.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographics of Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9036192297935486, - "start": 45, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.887420654296875, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8872060775756836, - "start": 148, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dara\u2019a", - "confidence": 0.6023986339569092, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6226006150245667, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment Framework", - "confidence": 0.9349279999732971, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5082712173461914, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.9593496322631836, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8696956038475037, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9885015487670898, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7280598282814026, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6633220314979553, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "External Statistical Report", - "confidence": 0.5059899091720581, - "start": 506, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5307373404502869, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7471964359283447, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Basic Needs Sector brings together partners from camp and non-camp settings working on\nthe delivery of basic needs items, including the monetized assistance. The sector effectively\nmerges the Non-Food Items (NFI) and the Cash Assistance Sectors in 2015. The monetized\nassistance also includes broader unconditional cash interventions addressing the needs of Syrian\nwomen, girls, boys and men in the context of Jordan. The main approach of the Basic Needs\nsector is to support and strengthen the link between emergency assistance and durable\nsolutions in responding to the humanitarian crisis. The sector is maintaining a platform such as\nRefugee Assistance Information System (RAIS), Common Cash Facility (CCF), and Vulnerability\nAssessment Framework (VAF) for all partners and stakeholders to coordinate their response\nthrough information sharing, developing of the needs based standards and avoiding overlapping\nof support, providing monitoring of equal access of women, girls, boys and men to assistance\n\n\nAddressing the basic needs of women, girls, boys and men vary according to culture and\ncontext and should correspond to the needs of the affected population and the climate. For\ninstance, sanitary towels and/or women\u2019s hygiene kits should be standard parts of NFI packages,\nbut the types of items included may vary. Thus, before packs are put together it is important\nthat service providers identify what the needs are, and which types of feminine hygiene\nmaterials are most appropriate. This requires consulting with the women to find out their\ncurrent practices and preferences.\n\n\nThe gender analysis should establish (i) Refugee population demographics; (ii) Refugee\ncommunity practices, cultural and social roles and responsibilities in relation to Basic Needs; (iii)\nWhat people had before the crisis; and (iv)the basic needs of specific groups and person and (v)\nreview Gender Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the Basic Needs Sector M&E System.\n\n\n**2.** **Objectives of the Gender Analysis**\n\n\nIn this document the Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points in collaboration with sector\npartners undertook situational gender analysis to find out effects and impact of the Syrian\nconflict on gender dynamics and change of roles and relations between men and women within\nhouseholds.\n\n\nThe gender analysis also generates gender related data/information to inform design,\nimplementation, monitoring and evaluation of interventions in the Basic Needs sector to make\nsure that gender mainstreaming is integrated in all stages of the projects lifecycle.\n\n\nThe specific objectives of the gender analysis are to:\n\n\n1. Understand and assess the current gender perspectives and views of the targeted\n\npopulations and what are the factors that impact / affect these gender perspectives.\n\n\n2. Assess refugee community practices, cultural and social roles and responsibilities in\n\nrelation to Basic Needs\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Assistance Information System", - "confidence": 0.9937492609024048, - "start": 107, - "end": 111 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RAIS", - "confidence": 0.9900423288345337, - "start": 112, - "end": 113 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.945493757724762, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected population", - "confidence": 0.5289521813392639, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Common Cash Facility", - "confidence": 0.7971757054328918, - "start": 115, - "end": 118 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CCF", - "confidence": 0.5574937462806702, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Key Performance Indicators", - "confidence": 0.8680998682975769, - "start": 334, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KPIs", - "confidence": 0.9788434505462646, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Identify what refugees had before the crisis, and how these have changed as a result of\n\nthe Syrian conflict.\n\n\n4. Establish the basic needs of specific groups and persons.\n\n\n5. Review Gender Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the Basic Needs Sector M&E\n\nSystem.\n\n\n**3.** **Methodology**\n\nQuantitative and qualitative methods were used to answer gender analysis questions. Data was\ncollected using different methods including desk review (extracting both quantitative and\nqualitative information), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in camps and urban areas with men,\nwomen, girls and boys.\n\n\nIn addition, quantitative data obtained from VAF [6] including the finding of women at risk\nrepresent around 3 % of total Syrian refugees\u2019 population. Children at risk group represent 7 %.\n24.8 % of total registered Syrian refugees are teen females aged 0-17 years old.\n\n\nWith regard to the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 10 FGDs were conducted by the basic\nneeds sector partners, 3 FGDs in Zaatari camp, 4 in Mafraq and 3 in Karak. The total of 100\nindividual out of whom are 60 % females and 40 % males attended the focus group discussion as\ntargeted women, men, girls and boys aged 18-30 years old and more than 30 years old in\nseparate settings, with the aim of understating how the civil war in Syria and displacement has\naffected the roles, responsibilities, relations and power dynamics of each group and among each\nother.\n\n\n**3.1** **Data Analysis**\n\n\nQualitative data from FGDs was categorised at gender analysis objective level with analysis of\ntrends in each objective - by grouping similar responses on each gender dimension. Quantitative\nmethods were used to analyse the data with tabulations and frequencies to supplement the\nqualitative data. Triangulation of these methods was used to confirm validity of data and\nreliability was ensured through use of standard data collection tools.\n\n**4.** **Findings**\n\n\n6 VAF Statistical report from UNHCR interagency portal \u2013 March,2017\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Key Performance Indicators", - "confidence": 0.593262791633606, - "start": 38, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.5991008877754211, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KPIs", - "confidence": 0.7562219500541687, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5676596760749817, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9433716535568237, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8721787929534912, - "start": 96, - "end": 99 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7031426429748535, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.8125054836273193, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.846275806427002, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.7692050933837891, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.7601718902587891, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8707005977630615, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.7865432500839233, - "start": 174, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.6521120071411133, - "start": 295, - "end": 297 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.7654353976249695, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8620468378067017, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF Statistical report", - "confidence": 0.7931172847747803, - "start": 376, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9499061703681946, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**4.1**_ **Selection of targeted population by the Basic Needs sector**\n\n\nThe Basic Needs sector identified the use of coping strategies, high dependency ratios, high\nlevels of debt and a low level of expenditure per capita as the critical elements contributing to a\nrisk of increased vulnerability [7] . Families who exhibit these characteristics are considered to be\nunlikely to be able provide for their Basic Needs and would therefore be in need of sector\nspecific assistance packages. High levels of debt per capita, low levels of expenditure per capita,\nhigh dependency ratios and the adoption of crisis or emergency coping mechanism make\nfamilies vulnerable in this sector.\n\n\nMany families have depleted all assets and are living in unfurnished or semi-furnished apartments\nwithout access to regular income or financial support that would allow them to manage their\nown needs. Using VAF allows the Basic Needs sector to prioritize the assistance to the most\nvulnerable. [8]\n\n\nIn Jordan, More than 406,762 individuals were reached with multi-purpose cash assistance. Basic\nNeeds Partners were able to provide enhanced winterization assistance to more than 350,000\nindividuals. The assistance included winterization cash assistance, in-kind donations and shelter\nmaintenance. Basic Needs partners provided NFI support to approximately 141,045 individuals\nin Zaatari and Azraq Camps.\n\n\n**4.2** **Refugee Community Practices, Cultural and Social roles and Responsibilities**\n\n\nThe focus group discussions conducted by ACTED, DRC and UN-Women in various locations\nwhether in Zaatari camp or urban areas in Mafraq or Karak, have unveiled that the crisis in\nSyria has played a substantial role in changing what the family expects from both women and\nmen in terms of roles and responsibilities.\n\n\nThe FGDs conducted have revealed that men or boys go most of the times to collect the\ndistributed basic needs as there are not well-organized segregation among males and females at\nthe distribution points.\n\n\nWomen and girls start to get more involved in social and economic life. Many started working\noutside the home in farms and other types of businesses. Support the male members in buying\nfood stuff from shops. However, there are many restrictions to work of women given certain\nconditions when the work place is far away from home. Shifting in roles and responsibilities of\nwomen and girls at household level has been associated with some protection risks that should\nbe supported by the relevant protection actors.\n\n\n7 VAF Sector Tree Review 2016\n\n\n8 VAF score for vulnerabilities as follow: 1 = Low vulnerability, 2= Moderate vulnerability, 3 = high vulnerability, 4 = Severe\nvulnerability\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.3** **What Refugees had before the Crisis, and how these have changed as a result**\n**of the Syrian conflict**\n\n\nSyrian refugees themselves indicated to the assessment teams of basic needs sector partners\nthat their living conditions and well-being was better and much easier when they were living in\nSyria before the crisis compared to their living situation in Jordan after displacement, though\nthey have been receiving assistance and support from many humanitarian organizations.\n\n\nBefore the Syria crisis:\n\n\nThe situation was pretty better, where all of them were having houses, lands and private\nWASH facilities, access to water and sanitation network, enough and good water quality. Also\nthey got used to purchase brand new clothes in Syria. Had all of what they need from hygienic\nitems such as soap, shampoo, cleaning materials, towels and others They were also doing\nhousehold farming and consuming the vegetables that they were growing in their gardens and\ntherefore, do not purchase from outside markets.\n\n\nThe men were the ones mainly responsible of securing the income for the household in Syria\nand they were working in various jobs, mainly farming; governmental sector, some had their\nown shops. As such, the socioeconomic situation was much better back home in Syria before\ndisplacing to Jordan.\n\n\nAfter the Syria crisis and displacement to Jordan:\n\n\nBased on VAF statistics 41,000 cases are considered vulnerable and in need for financial\nsupport. Findings form UNHCR post monitoring exercise for vulnerable cases receiving cash\nassistance revealed that 85% the received cash assistance is spent on covering the house rent,\nutilities and Household Items The decision of spending the assistance is most often taken by the\nhead of the household with consultation with other household members [9] .\n\n\nAs the conflict in Syria is in its Six year, millions have been displaced internally inside Syria and\nexternally in nearby countries. In a study conducted by Care International in March, 2016, it was\nfound that up to 35 % of households in neighboring refugee -hosting countries are femaleheaded10. 22 % of women were active in economic activities in 2010 before the crisis11.\n\n\nThe cultural roles and responsibilities among women and men in Syria are simulated to what\nthey are in the traditional Arabic culture, where men are usually are the ones financially\nresponsible of households while women get used to have the roles of taking care of the family\nand children.\n\n\nSix years of civil war and multiple displacements have triggered fundamental shifts in Syrian\ngender roles and responsibilities, both in Syria and in neighboring countries. Syrian women are\nseeking more roles to improve their livelihoods especially the female headed households\n\n\n9 UNHCR 2016 Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) on Cash Based Intervention (CBI).\n\n\n10 Factsheet on Syrian women and the struggle to survive five years of conflict by Care International - March,2016\n\n\n11 Care International Study on Syrian women and the struggle to survive five years of conflict \u2013 March, 2016.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF statistics", - "confidence": 0.9962116479873657, - "start": 253, - "end": 255 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7910358309745789, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8651175498962402, - "start": 493, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.8786907196044922, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.924737274646759, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8644693493843079, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6820117831230164, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female headed households", - "confidence": 0.8404420018196106, - "start": 487, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "through engagement in economic activities to meet the basic needs of their families from shelter\nto food to basic non-food items such as winterization kits.\n\n\nThere are close linkages between basic needs and livelihoods sectors, where women and girls\nstarted gaining more roles and contributions in economic activities, especially in agriculture in\nJordan to support increasing the income of their families and thus addressing their basic needs..\n\n\nGenerally speaking, women and girls face specific vulnerabilities during flight as a result of forced\ndisplacement due to the wars and conflicts. Some of which includes; Increased risk of sexual and\ngender based violence and lack of gender sensitive services and humanitarian assistance. The\nchanges in the roles among men and women have had an impact on the relations among the\ncouples at households and it may lead to some problems due to the changes in the power\ndynamics, mainly the gender based violence. However, none of the women participated in the\nFGDs expressed that they have suffered from GBV or any kind of domestic violence due to\ntheir enrollment in economic activities outside their homes. The FGDs did not really cover the\nsubject of GBV and if it was faced by the targeted women.\n\n\nInadequate assistance may result in women prioritizing the needs of their husbands and children\nto the detriment of their health and well-being [12] . Difficulties in providing support to\npopulations in camps and transit areas: lack of clear information, lack of time and privacy to\nbuild trust with women may hamper women and girls from accessing basic services and leaves\nthem more vulnerable.\n\n\nRestricted access to livelihoods due to the war and the displacement of Syrian refugees have\nopened windows to make shifts in gender roles and acceptance for the participation of women\nin social and economic life. The length and nature of the conflict itself enforced families to\nswitch from their traditional thinking and accept for women to have more access to services\nsuch as education, markets and jobs.\n\n\nACTED, a key WASH actor in Zaatari could succeed in breaking cultural taboos through\nawareness and sensitization campaigns of the social mobilization team that could convince\nwomen to join the activity of incentives based volunteering (IBV) cleaning activity. Currently, 30\n% of the community cleaners in Zaatari camp are women, who accepted to enroll in this work\nto make living and purchase basic needs for their households such as food items, hygienic kits\nand other basic items.\n\n\n12 GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.4** **Basic needs of specific groups and persons**\n\n\nThe focus groups discussions with Syrian refugees have shown that different groups have\ndifferent needs. Women should have access to certain hygienic items and tools regularly such\nas the hygienic kits.\n\n\nThere are specific types of clothes and shoes needed for women, men, boys and girls to suit the\nseason and cultural norms, especially for women, where women need o get dignity clothes such\nas long dresses and scarves. Other items were missing in the packages being distributed is the\nunderwear for both sexes and all ages. Size of shoes and color of clothes were issues for the\nrefugees, where the kit should include various sizes of shoes to fit the different needs of the\nfamily members. Also, they prefer dark color for the clothes, so they sustain the bad conditions\nin the camps and do not need to clean them more often.\n\n\nMost families cannot afford to buy them or buy used ones due to cash shortages. It has been\nmentioned that none of the organizations have distributed diapers for elderly people and which\nare needed by many families and are very expensive to purchase. Therefore, cash modality can\nrepresent a good solution, so every family use the cash assistance to meet its specific needs and\npriorities.\n\n\nDisabled people receive some attention from certain organizations, but still many of their basic\nneeds are not met yet. Babies and infants need to obtain milk formulas and baby napkins. Most\nfamilies complained about shortage of milk and infants supply for them. Distribution sites are\nsafe for targeted people, but most of the time, distance is a problem, and most sites are far\naway from where people live especially in urban areas were transportation is not provided and\nthe distribution points are far away to carry all of the items being granted to the family In\naddition, distribution points in camps are crowded and do not provide seats, so people keep\nstanding during the distribution.\n\n\nOut of the 41,000 cases considered vulnerable and in need for financial support based on VAF\nassessment; 42 % are Women, 15 % are Elderly and 6 % are Person with disabilities13.\n\n\n**4.5** **Key Performance Indicators**\n\n\nThe reporting of Basic Needs indicators on the M&E system (Activity info for Inter-Agency\nappeal partners\u2019) considered to be gender sensitive as it provide statistics related to the\nservices provided to women, men, boys and girls.\n\n\nThe basic needs key project covers camps and urban sittings. In 2016, the reporting of activities\nof Basic Needs sector reveled the following in term of gender sensitivity:\n\n**Camp Interventions**\n\n\n13 Data obtained for UNHCR \u2013VAF assessments as of March 2017.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.8167042136192322, - "start": 386, - "end": 388 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "M&E system", - "confidence": 0.6298096776008606, - "start": 428, - "end": 432 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of Basic Needs indicators", - "confidence": 0.6806251406669617, - "start": 421, - "end": 426 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps and urban sittings", - "confidence": 0.5853124856948853, - "start": 470, - "end": 474 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7821328043937683, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting of activities\nof Basic Needs sector", - "confidence": 0.9520568251609802, - "start": 479, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8028711080551147, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9769448041915894, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR \u2013VAF assessments", - "confidence": 0.8466569185256958, - "start": 505, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5449393391609192, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1)** **New Arrival kits in camps** : includes Non-Food items such as mattresses, blankets, stoves, gas\n\ncylinder, solar lanterns and hygiene kits. In 2016, the Basic needs sector provided this\nintervention to approximately 101,828 individuals.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe number of achievement\nwas much higher than the\nplanned target, due to the\nentry of new arrivals in\nAzraq camp from border\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2)** **Replenishment/Replacement kits** - A quarterly assistance provided to cover for depleted\n\nitem such as dippers, sanitary napkins, hygiene kits and fuel.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe achievements were lower\nthan the planned target. This\nintervention was not\neffectively implemented as\nplaned as the focus was shifted\nto cover the needs of newly\narrival refugees in Azraq camp\nas above\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3)** Winterization needs in camps \u2013 Non Food items and Standard winterization cash assistance\n\nbased on the winterization task force guidelines.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe number of achievements\nwere much higher than the\nplanned target, due to the\nneed to cover the\nwinterization needs of newly\narrived refugees in Azraq\ncamp _._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Urban Interventions**\n\n\n1) **Support toward basic needs** - provision of multipurpose cash assistance cash\n\nassistance in Urban\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGap of funds for this\nintervention affected the\nsector ability to respond\neffectivity to the needs of\nthe most vulnerable\nindividuals residing in urban.\n\nOnly 74% of the planned\nbudget were received to\nsupport the delivery of\nmultipurpose cash\n\nassistance.\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2) Winterization needs out of camps \u2013 standard winterization cash assistance based on\n\nthe winterization task force guidelines.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOnly 65% of the planned\nbudget were received to\nsupport the delivery of\nwinterization assistance\nin Urban, thus affecting\nthe sector ability to\nprovide support to the\nvulnerable girls and boys\nin urban as planned by\nthe sector.\n\n\n\n**5.** **Conclusions**\n\nThe focus group discussions organized by the partners of Basic Need Working Group in Zaatari\ncamp and in urban areas in Mafraq and Karak has revealed that substantial changes took place\ndue to the Syrian crisis on the social and cultural norms, roles and responsibilities of men and\nwomen, where engagement of women in the public life, especially in livelihood and economic\nactivities has been accepted and even supported by male family members.\n\n\nIn short, the Syrian crisis and the displacement of families have led to notable changes in the\ntraditional roles of women and men at household levels. Women are more empowered and\nmen are getting more supportive and understanding of increasing involvement of women in the\npublic life.\n\nNext gender analysis is recommended to investigate the following issues, and which were not\naddressed in this gender analysis; mainly they are:\n1. How these changes in the roles of women and men at households have affected the family\n\nrelations and dynamics, and if they led to any tensions or domestic violence\n2. For cash based interventions, who prefers this modality, and if it is gender based preference.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Concerning the cash based assistance delivered by the humanitarian organizations to the\n\nSyrian refugees. A research is needed to find out the share of decisions among the\nhousehold members regarding the types of items / services that will be purchased using the\ncash being distributed as part of the emergency assistance programmes.\n\n**6.** **Recommendations**\n\n\n**3.** **In Urban**\n\n\n - To continue the current Gender sensitive approach of targeting and providing cash\n\nassistance to the most vulnerable group as it preferred by the refugees and can be better\nutilized to address their own basic needs.\n\n\n - Linkages between basic needs and other sectors such as livelihoods, food security and\n\nWASH to be strengthen taking into consideration the gaps of funds and limitation of\nassistances and the needs to shift to more sustainable income generating activities.\n\n**4.** **In Camp**\n\n\n - To consider the gradual shift to cash assistance to replace the delivery of NFI. Meanwhile\n\nfurther attention to be paid to persons with disabilities, elderly; males and females, in\naddition to infants, boys and girls to ensure that their basic needs are fully met and\nconsidered, e.g. diapers for both elderly, persons with disabilities and infants is a regular\nneed and it is not distributed in enough quantities to cover the family\u2019s needs in camps.\n\n\n**7.** **Appendices**\n\n\n**Appendix 1: Basic Needs Sector Partners**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Refugee Camp|Partners|\n|---|---|\n|
**Zataari**
|UN Women
|\n|
**Zataari**
|UNHCR
|\n|
**Zataari**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Zataari**
|ACTED
|\n|
**Zataari**
|NRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|ACTED
|\n|
**Azraq**
|UNHCR
|\n|
**Azraq**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Azraq**
|DRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|CARE
|\n|
**Azraq**
|NRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|ACF
|\n||ACTED|\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Mafraq|UNHCR|\n|---|---|\n|
**Mafraq**
|Save the Children
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|OXFAM
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|JHCO
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|CARE
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|PU-AMI
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|IRC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|IOCC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|ICMC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|Caritas
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|MEDAIR
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|INTERSOS
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|WVI
|\n|**Irbid**
|ACTED
|\n|**Irbid**
|UNHCR
|\n|**Irbid**
|Save the Children
|\n|**Irbid**
|OXFAM
|\n|**Irbid**
|JHCO
|\n|**Irbid**
|GRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|CARE
|\n|**Irbid**
|UNICEF
|\n|**Irbid**
|MEDAIR
|\n|**Irbid**
|NRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|WVI
|\n|**Irbid**
|ACF
|\n|**Irbid**
|Caritas
|\n|**Irbid**
|CARE
|\n|**Irbid**
|IRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|ICMC
|\n|**Irbid**
|IOCC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|DRC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|AVSI
|\n|**Zarqa**
|UNHCR
|\n|**Zarqa**
|CARE
|\n|**Zarqa**
|Caritas
|\n|**Zarqa**
|IOCC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|MEDAIR
|\n|**Zarqa**
|UNICEF
|\n|**Zarqa**
|Save the Children
|\n|**Zarqa**
|PU-AMI
|\n|**Cyber City Refugee Camp**|ACTED|\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/158affda-a574-365f-abcb-07827f6c5a59/BN_Gender_Analysis_Report___Final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_255/raw/doc_255_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_255/raw/doc_255_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d01212bcc78560f0d0b337b217e577f4f973470..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_255/raw/doc_255_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**COALITION ON EVERY CHILD\u2019S**\n**RIGHT TO A NATIONALITY**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Contents\n\n##### 1. Introduction 3 2. Discrimination and other issues affecting women\u2019s ability to register the births of their children 7 3. Good practices and examples of recent reforms 13 4. Conclusions and recommendations 14\n\n**2** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **1. Introduction**\n\n##### Birth registration is a fundamental right and an enabler of other rights as it bestows a legal identity [1] on children for life. If a child is not registered, they do not officially exist and are vulnerable to violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation.\n\nWithout birth registration, a child may not be able to go to school, receive medical\ntreatment or benefit from social services. The absence of registration can also lead to\nstatelessness. [2] Yet, despite its importance, the births of millions of children around the\nworld are not registered. [3] A multitude of factors can impede birth registration,\nincluding parents\u2019 lack of knowledge of its importance, financial considerations and\npractical barriers to accessing birth registration facilities. [4] Beyond these factors,\ndiscrimination impeding women\u2019s ability to register the birth of children is also a critical\nbarrier. Such sex discrimination may be codified in national legislation and regulations,\nor may relate to practices based on cultural norms.\n\n\n1 According to the UN operational definition : \u201cLegal identity is defined as the basic characteristics of an\nindividual\u2019s identity. e.g. name, sex, place and date of birth conferred through registration and the\nissuance of a certificate by an authorized civil registration authority following the occurrence of birth.\nIn the absence of birth registration, legal identity may be conferred by a legally-recognized\nidentification authority.\u201d See [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-CRVS-E.pdf)\n[CRVS-E.pdf](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/51st-session/documents/2020-15-CRVS-E.pdf)\n2 A stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation if\nits law, Article 1, 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons.\n3 As at May 2021, UNICEF estimates that 166 million children under the age of 5, or 1 in 4 children,\nremain unregistered. See [https://data.unicef.org/resources/birth-registration-for-every-child-by-2030/](https://data.unicef.org/resources/birth-registration-for-every-child-by-2030/)\n4 UNICEF, Birth Registration for Every Child by 2030: Are we on track? pg. 25: See [https://data.unicef.](https://data.unicef.org/resources/birth-registration-for-every-child-by-2030/)\n[org/resources/birth-registration-for-every-child-by-2030/](https://data.unicef.org/resources/birth-registration-for-every-child-by-2030/)\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Under the umbrella of The Coalition on Every](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/unicef-unhcr-coalition-child-right-nationality/)\n[Child\u2019s Right to a Nationality, UNICEF and UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/unicef-unhcr-coalition-child-right-nationality/)\nhave produced this background note to explore\nthe issue of sex discrimination in birth\nregistration. [5] By providing an overview and\ncountry specific examples [6] of the kinds of\nlegislative provisions [7] and cultural norms that can\nnegatively affect women\u2019s ability to register the\nbirth of their children, it is hoped that it will\nsupport advocacy efforts, and action by States,\nthat advance a number of the Coalition\u2019s\nobjectives, including:\n### **\u2022 [Ensuring that no child is born stateless;]** **\u2022 [Eliminating laws and practices that deny ]**\n\n**children nationality on discriminatory**\n**grounds; and**\n### **\u2022 [Improving birth registration to prevent ]**\n\n**statelessness.**\n\n\nBirth registration is defined as \u201cthe continuous,\npermanent, compulsory and universal recording,\nwithin the civil registry, of the occurrence and\ncharacteristics of birth in accordance with the\nnational legal requirements of a country.\u201d [8] It\ninvolves the official recording of the birth of a child\nand entry in the State\u2019s civil registry by an\nadministrative body of the government, which is\nusually followed by the issuance of a birth\ncertificate. Birth registration, particularly the\n\n\n\nissuance of a birth certificate, is vital to\nestablishing legal identity and also in preventing\nstatelessness. A birth certificate contains key\ninformation on parentage, date and place of birth\nwhich is used as proof of legal identity and\nevidence of links to a State needed to establish\nnationality. In countries where nationality is\nprimarily acquired on the grounds of descent ( _jus_\n_sanguinis_ ), information about the identity of a\nchild\u2019s parents recorded in the birth certificate\nprovides key evidence of eligibility for nationality;\nin countries where nationality is acquired on the\ngrounds of birth in the territory ( _jus soli_ ), the\ninformation on place of birth in the birth certificate\nprovides the evidence of entitlement. The date\nand time of birth recorded in a birth certificate are\nalso potentially relevant to eligibility for nationality,\nas this information informs the authorities about\nthe nationality law in force at the time of a\nperson\u2019s birth.\n\n\nIn the absence of proof of relevant links to a\nState, a child can be left at risk of statelessness.\nThe lack of a birth certificate does not on its own\nrender a person stateless, but as noted above the\npossession of a birth certificate containing\nrelevant information on parentage, place and time\nof birth helps to establish entitlement to\nnationality. In certain cases, a birth certificate is a\nprerequisite for obtaining nationality\ndocumentation (such as a national ID card or a\npassport) or is regarded as proof of nationality.\n\n\n\n5 This aligns with UNICEF\u2019s pledge to advocate to remove gender discrimination in nationality laws and civil registration laws\nat the 2019 High Level Segment on Statelessness. UNHCR, High-Level Segment on Statelessness: Results and Highlights,\n[May 2020. See https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec3e91b4.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec3e91b4.html)\n6 This paper does not provide a comprehensive listing of, or information about, all countries with legislative and regulatory\nprovisions, and/or cultural norms that can negatively affect women\u2019s ability to register the birth of their children. The country\nexamples herein come from a legal analysis into sex discrimination in birth registration laws and practices commissioned by\nUNICEF and UNHCR in 2020 to support this publication. That legal analysis, which was conducted by independent\nconsultants, was complemented by key informant interviews with UNHCR and UNICEF staff in a number of countries.\n7 This paper focuses on sex discrimination in law (i.e., legislation and implementing regulations). The situation may vary\nconsiderably in practice, and as a general matter examinations of State practice are outside the scope of this paper.\n8 OHCHR, Birth registration and the right of everyone to recognition everywhere as a person before the law, 17 June 2014,\n[para. 4. See https://ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Children-OHCHR/Pages/ReportBirthRegistration.aspx](https://ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Children-OHCHR/Pages/ReportBirthRegistration.aspx)\n\n\n**4** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In some countries, national ID cards are only\nissued at the age of majority, while the issuance of\npassports may be subject to discriminatory and\nprocedural barriers for various categories of\nchildren such as those born to foreign fathers. In\nthese contexts a birth certificate often serves as\ntemporary proof of nationality until the age of\nmajority is reached in order to access education\nand healthcare.\n\n\nCertain population groups experience more\nchallenges in accessing birth registration than\nothers. Nomadic and border-dwelling populations,\nfor instance, are more likely to experience\ngeographical obstacles when attempting to\naccess birth registration services. Lack of a birth\ncertificate may place them and their children at\nparticular risk of statelessness given that they may\nbe perceived as not fully belonging to the country\n\n\n\nor countries in which they reside. Members of\nminority groups may also find it difficult to access\ncivil registration and documentation on an equal\nbasis with their fellow citizens, which can put them\nat risk of statelessness. Migrants in an irregular\nsituation, asylum seekers and refugees may not\nhave the information they need about how to\nregister the birth of children or may not want to\napproach birth registration authorities for fear of\ndetention or deportation. Refugees and Internally\nDisplaced Persons (IDPs) may have lost their own\ndocuments in flight, which can make it harder to\nregister their children. They may also experience\ndifficulties in accessing birth registration in the\ncountry or place of refuge. Unaccompanied,\nseparated and abandoned children often lack\ndocuments establishing their identity, creating a\nrisk of statelessness.\n\n\n#### Birth registration and non-discrimination against women as fundamental human rights\n\n\n\nBirth registration is a fundamental right and States\nhave a duty to register all births that occur in their\nterritory irrespective of the legal status of the\nparents. [9] The Convention on the Rights of the\nChild provides in Article 7 (1): \u2018 _The child shall be_\n_registered immediately after birth and shall have_\n_the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire_\n_a nationality and, as far as possible, the right to_\n_know and be cared for by his or her parents.\u2019_\n\n\n\nAs the fulfilment of the right to be registered is\nclosely linked to the realization of other rights,\nthe obligation on States to register the birth of\nchildren is also found in several other widely\nratified international human rights treaties.\nArticle 24 of the International Covenant on Civil\nand Political Rights (ICCPR) requires States to\nconduct birth registration immediately after birth\nand without discrimination of any kind.\n\n\n\n9 UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment 17 on Article 24 (Rights of the Child), April 1989, paras. 7-8. See [http://www.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/45139b464.html)\n\n[refworld.org/docid/45139b464.html; OHCHR, Birth registration and the right of everyone to recognition everywhere as a](http://www.refworld.org/docid/45139b464.html)\nperson before the law, 17 June 2014, paras 11 and 85(a); and UNHCR, Conclusion on civil registration No. 111 (LXIV)-2013, 17\nOctober 2013. See [http://www.refworld.org/docid/525f8ba64.html; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General](http://www.refworld.org/docid/525f8ba64.html)\n[Comment No. 7 (2005): Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood, 20 September 2006, para. 25. See http://www.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/460bc5a62.html)\n[refworld.org/docid/460bc5a62.html](http://www.refworld.org/docid/460bc5a62.html)\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The right to birth registration is also included in\nthe International Convention on the Protection of\nMigrant Workers and Their Families, [10] the\nConvention on the Rights of Persons with\nDisabilities, [11] and in many regional human rights\ninstruments.\n\n\nThe principle of equality and non-discrimination\nagainst women is also well-established in\ninternational human rights law. [12] The primary\ninternational human rights treaty concerned with\nthe protection and promotion of women\u2019s human\nrights is the Convention on the Elimination of all\nForms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW),\nwhich has as its object and purpose \u201cto eliminate\nall forms of discrimination against women with a\nview to achieving women\u2019s de jure and de facto\nequality with men in the enjoyment of their human\nrights and fundamental freedoms\u201d [13] Article 2(f) of\n\n\n\nCEDAW requires States Parties to \u201c _take all_\n_appropriate measures, including legislation, to_\n_modify or abolish existing laws, regulations,_\n_customs and practices which constitute_\n_discrimination against women._ \u201d\n\n\nArticle 9(2) of CEDAW states that _\u201cStates Parties_\n_shall grant women equal rights with men with_\n_respect to the nationality of their children_ . _\u201d_\nDiscrimination against women which prevents\nthem from registering the births of their children\ncan interfere with the fulfilment of States\u2019\nobligations under Article 9(2) of CEDAW. [14] Other\nwidely ratified human rights treaties also contain\nobligations relating to the equality of women. For\nexample, the ICCPR in Article 3 requires States to\n\u2018 _undertake to ensure the equal right of men and_\n_women to the enjoyment of all civil and political_\n_rights set forth in the present Covenant_ .\u2019\n\n\n\n10 Article 29, International Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and Their Families, 1990.\n11 Article 18(2), Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, 2007.\n12 Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (CRC) promotes the principle of non-discrimination in the\n\napplication of the CRC for all children within a State\u2019s jurisdiction.\n13 UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General recommendation No. 25, on article 4,\n\nparagraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on temporary special\n[measures, 2004, para. 4. See https://www.refworld.org/docid/453882a7e0.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/453882a7e0.html)\n14 CEDAW, General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and\n\n[statelessness of women, 14 November 2014, paras 56 \u2013 57. See https://www.refworld.org/docid/54620f54.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/54620fb54.html)\n\n\n**6** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **2. Discrimination and other issues** **affecting women\u2019s ability to** **register the births of their children**\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 2.1 Legal barriers affecting women\u2019s ability to register the birth of their children\n\n\n\nIn many contexts, women face legal barriers that\nimpinge on their ability to register the birth of their\nchildren and thus potentially violate the right of\ntheir children to birth registration. Provisions found\nin birth registration laws, civil codes, family laws,\nmarriage laws and even criminal laws may\nexplicitly exclude women from registering births;\nfail to include women among the listed persons\nauthorized to do so; only allow women to register\nbirths in exceptional circumstances; or only allow\nwomen to register births when they can prove that\nthe child was born in wedlock.\n\n#### Women barred from registering the birth of their children or are not explicitly mentioned in relevant laws\n\n\nIn some countries, women are not allowed to\nregister the births of their children under any\ncircumstances. Children\u2019s births may be registered\nonly by fathers or another male family member, while\nthe mother is explicitly excluded from registering the\nbirth of the child. In other contexts, the primary\nresponsibility for registering the birth of a child falls\nto the father and if he is not available, on a variety of\nother individuals in a specified order\u2014a person is\nmade responsible only if the preceding individuals\nare unavailable. The other individuals often include\nadult relatives, doctors, midwives, and others who\nattended the birth, such as tribal chiefs, while the\nmother is not included in the list. Depending on how\nthis silence with respect to the mother is interpreted,\nsuch provisions can have the effect of denying her\nthe possibility of registering the birth of her child.\n\n\n\nFor example, under **Djibouti\u2019s** Civil Code, [15] women\nare not permitted to register the births of their\nchildren. In all cases, births may only be registered\nby the father. If the father is not available,\nregistration can be done by the doctors, midwives, health workers or other persons who\nattended the birth.\n\n\nIn **Tunisia,** Law No. 1957-3, 1957, Article 24\nprovides that: \u201cBirth shall be declared by the\nfather, or the doctors, midwives or other persons\nwho attended the birth and, when the mother has\ngiven birth outside her home, if possible, by the\nperson with whom she gave birth.\u201d There is no\nexpress mention of the mother.\n\n#### Women can only register the birth of their children in exceptional circumstances\n\n\nIn many countries, birth registration laws mention\nthe father as the primary person responsible for\ninitiating birth registration and only in exceptional\ninstances is the mother entitled to do so. In these\ncontexts, the mother becomes responsible in case\nthe father is incapable, deceased, ill, absent, or\notherwise unable to register the birth. If the father\nis capable of registering the child but either\ndecides not to do so or passively fails to register\nthe birth, the child\u2019s birth may go unregistered. To\nmake clear that the father cannot register the\nchild, some laws require the mother to have an\nauthorisation letter or special power of attorney.\n\n\n\n15 Article 87, Loi No. 003/AN/18/8eme/L portant Code Civil, 2018.\n\n\n**8** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Syrian refugee Fahemyh registers baby Ali \u00a9 UNHCR/Lilly Carlisle.\n\n\nFor example, in **Fiji,** the Law on Births, Deaths and\nMarriages Registration [16] only permits the mother\nto register the birth of the child where the father\nhas died, fallen ill, is absent or unable to register\nthe birth. In **Oman**, the Civil Status Law [17] stipulates\nthat responsibility for registering the birth of the\nchild falls first to the father. The final person\neligible to register the child\u2019s birth, should a\nsuccessive list of individuals following the father\nbe unavailable, is the mother. In **Eswatini,** the\nBirth, Deaths and Marriages Act [18] also specifies\nthat it is the father\u2019s responsibility to register the\nchild. No mention is made of the mother and it is\nonly where the father has died, is absent or\nunable to register the birth that any other person\npresent at the time of birth may register the birth.\nThis presumably includes the mother.\n\n\n#### Women can only register the birth of their children if they can prove that the child was born in wedlock\n\nIn addition to the issues discussed above, in many\ncountries, women may register the births of their\nchildren only if they provide additional documents\n\n- generally, a marriage certificate. This effectively\nexcludes registration by mothers of children born\nout of wedlock. In most countries that require\npresentation of a marriage certificate, the\nrequirement applies to both men and women, i.e.,\na child can only be registered upon proof that his\nor her parents are in a legal marriage. In some\ncountries, however, the requirement to present a\nmarriage certificate applies only to women. The\nrequirement to provide additional documents\nparticularly affects families that have been forcibly\ndisplaced, as these documents are often left\nbehind during flight.\n\n\n\n16 Article 11, Laws of Fiji, Chapter 49, Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration, 1975.\n17 Article 16, Civil Status Law, 1999.\n18 Article 15(1) of the Births, Deaths and Marriages Act, 1983.\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Kuwait**, [19] **Qatar**, [20] **Saudi Arabia** [21] and the **United**\n**Arab Emirates** [22] are all examples of States that\nrequire a marriage certificate to be presented at\nthe time of birth registration.\n\n\nThe wedlock requirement may be applied in\ndifferent ways. In some countries, a child born out of\nwedlock can be registered but is treated as the child\nof unknown parents, meaning the birth certificate\nwould record his or her birth as if he or she had been\nfound in a public place, with no legal relationship to\nthe biological parents. In other countries, if the\nchild\u2019s father is not married to the mother, the child\u2019s\nbirth is registered using false names for the mother\nand/or father or by omitting one or both parents\u2019\nnames, so that the legal connection with the\nbiological parents remains hidden. Some countries\nonly allow a child born out of wedlock to be\nregistered through a court order and/or with proof of\npaternity. In other contexts, a child born out of\nwedlock can only be registered in case the mother\nfiles a police report stating that she was subject to\nsexual violence, i.e., that the child was born of rape.\n\n\nIn **Bahrain**, a child born out of wedlock can be\nregistered at birth but the birth certificate will treat\nthe child as though he or she were a foundling,\nand record the child as having been born to\n\n\n\nunknown parents. [23] Civil status laws and\nregulations in **Egypt**, [24] **Jordan** [25] and **Palestine** [26]\nmake provision for a child who is born out of\nwedlock to be registered using false names for\nthe parents and/ or child, or by omitting their\nnames from the certificate altogether.\n\n\nLegal barriers to registering children born out of\nwedlock may also be found in criminal laws. A\nsubstantial number of countries have enacted\ncriminal legislation that penalizes women who give\nbirth out of wedlock, charging them with adultery\nor sex work and subjecting them to cruel and\ninhumane punishment. Laws may stipulate equal\npunishment for women and men for adultery, but\nin practice, women often face harsher sanctions.\nIn these contexts, single women seeking to\nregister the birth of a child may be at risk of\nserious human rights violations.\n\n\nThe **Iranian** Law on Civil Status Registration allows\nfor birth registration of all children, including\nchildren born out of wedlock. However, fear of\nsevere punishment for sex out of marriage under\nIran\u2019s Penal Code, [27] may serve as a deterrent for\nthe registration of children born out of wedlock by\nthe father or mother.\n\n\n\n19 Ministry of Health of Kuwait, Central Register for the Newborn and Deaths Department, Registering a Newborn Baby and\n\nIssuing a Birth Certificate: See [https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Services/MOH/](https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Services/MOH/IssuanceCommunicationLiveOrDead.aspx)\n[IssuanceCommunicationLiveOrDead.aspx](https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Services/MOH/IssuanceCommunicationLiveOrDead.aspx) and [https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoEnglish/Pages/Services/MOH/](https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoEnglish/Pages/Services/MOH/IssuanceBirthCertificatesForNewborns.aspx)\n[IssuanceBirthCertifcatesForNewborns.aspx](https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoEnglish/Pages/Services/MOH/IssuanceBirthCertificatesForNewborns.aspx)\n20 Betsy L. Fisher, Gender Discrimination and Statelessness in the Gulf Cooperation Council States\u201d, Michigan Journal of\n\nGender & Law, Vol.23, Issue 2, 2016, p. 286.\n21 According to the Saudi Ministerial Agency of Civil Affairs, a family register is required to register the birth of a child; in turn, a\n\ncouple must present a marriage certificate to be issued the family register, as it is \u201cissued to married couples only\u201d, Ibid,\np.287.\n22 Article 8, Ministerial Decree (No. 44/2011), Article 8: Births may be registered only with a formal marriage certificate.\n23 Article 1, Law for Birth and Death Registration Law (No. 6/1970).\n24 Article 22, Law No. 12 of 1996 Promulgating the Child Law Amended by Law No. 126 of 2008.\n25 Article 20(a), Civil Status Law No. 9, 2001.\n26 Articles 22 (2)(b) and 25 of the Palestinian Civil Status Law, 1999.\n27 Article 230, Penal Code, 2013.\n\n\n**10** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nine year-old Roy Miranda Mart\u00ednez from Costa Rica has a plan: \u201cThe day I get my papers (birth certificate), I want to apply for a grant and\ngo to school \u2013 just like my brothers. This brings a lot of joy.\u201d \u00a9 UNHCR/Lucas Iturriza.\n\n### 2.2 Cultural and practical barriers impeding women from registering the birth of their children\n\n\n\nIn countries with prevailing patriarchal norms, the\nlaw may allow both men and women to register a\nchild\u2019s birth, but cultural practices may dictate that\nonly the male head of household can do so. Such\ncustoms may be compounded by discriminatory\nattitudes on the part of registrars and/or poor civic\nawareness. Mothers may be asked by registrars to\nprovide legal proof of marriage or the father\u2019s\nidentity card \u2013 even where these are not required\nby law \u2013 or may be refused access to birth\nregistration procedures altogether.\n\n\nUnmarried women may also not register a child\u2019s\nbirth on account of prevailing social norms that are\nunaccepting of children born outside wedlock. In\nsome contexts, hospitals may refuse unwed\npregnant women entrance and/or birth notification\nservices. In some countries, unmarried women\nmay be reluctant to register the births of their\nchildren because the civil registry specifically\nmakes record of the fact that they are single\nmothers. In other contexts, registration of children\n\n\n\nborn out of wedlock can be done through the\ncourts, but the procedure may be difficult and\nopaque and may involve an investigation\nundertaken by State authorities to determine who\nthe father is, which carries with it the risk of social\nstigmatization. Finally, in some settings women\nmay also mistakenly believe that children\u2019s births\ncan only be registered if the parents are married.\n\n\nCulture is often invoked as a justification for\ndiscriminatory policies against women\u2019s ability to\nregister the birth of their children. In **Malaysia** \u2019s\ncomplex legal system, which encompasses\nIslamic, civil and customary law, a child is\nconsidered illegitimate if born out of wedlock.\nMothers of children deemed illegitimate are often\ndeterred from registering their children out of fear\nthat they will be discriminated against or\nstigmatized by society if they hold a birth\ncertificate without the father\u2019s name.\n\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Birth registration rates globally are also lower\namong adolescent mothers. Practices in some\ncountries, such as **Ecuador** [28] require adolescent\nmothers to be accompanied by a legal\nrepresentative to register the births of their\nchildren \u2013 a fact of which they may be unaware\nand a service they may be unable to access. Civil\nregistry officers in some countries like **Costa**\n**Rica** [29] and **Guatemala** [30] are obliged to report\ncases of adolescent mothers to the prosecutor\u2019s\noffice, a potential deterrent for child mothers to\nregister the birth of children. [31]\n\n\n\nIn **Egypt**, a law granting women the right to register\nthe births of their children was updated in 2008.\nYet societal attitudes that prevent or discourage\nunwed mothers from registering the birth of their\nchild remain widespread. According to the civil\ncode, a mother can register the birth of her child\nprovided that the marital relationship is recognized\nand documented. If the mother cannot prove her\nmarital relationship, or in the case of out of wedlock\nbirths, a declaration stipulating the child is hers is\nrequired, as is testimony from doctors or midwives\nwho observed the birth. Single mothers and their\nchildren are often stigmatized, excluded, and\ndiscriminated against by law.\n\n\n### 2.3 Other gaps impeding women from registering the birth of their children\n\n\n\nAlthough raising children in same-sex families is\nbecoming more commonplace in some parts of\nthe world, non-traditional forms of parentage are\noften not recognized in civil registration laws. In\nmost situations, birth certificates only allow for the\ninclusion of one mother and one father,\nirrespective of same-sex family reality. There are\nmany examples of situations where children born\nto same-sex parents using assisted reproductive\ntechnologies (ART) have not been able to receive\nbirth certificates listing both parents. [32] In some\ninstances children born through ART have not\n\n\n\nbeen able to have their births registered at all.\nThe failure to accurately record each of a child\u2019s\nparents on the birth certificate can compromise\nthe child\u2019s ability to acquire nationality through\neach parent separately, which can present a risk\nof statelessness in situations where only one\nparent is able to confer nationality. If the same-sex\nrelationship of the parents prevents registration\nentirely (for example, in countries where same-sex\nmarriage is not a legal possibility and a marriage\ncertificate is a prerequisite for registration),\nchildren may be at risk of statelessness.\n\n\n\n28 Article 24, Reglamento de la Ley Org\u00e1nica de Gesti\u00f3n de la identidad y datos civiles, 2018.\n29 Article 1, Ley N\u00b0 9406, 2016.\n30 Article 54, Ley de protecci\u00f3n integral de la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia. Decreto N\u00b0 27/2003.\n31 Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR), Estudio regional sobre inscripci\u00f3n tard\u00eda de\n\nnacimientos, otorgamiento de documentos de nacionalidad y apatridia: est\u00e1ndares, mejores pr\u00e1cticas, barreras y desaf\u00edos\nen Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, M\u00e9xico, Panam\u00e1, Paraguay, Per\u00fa, Rep\u00fablica\nDominicana y Uruguay, 5 Enero 2021. See [https://www.refworld.org.es/docid/5f517834.html](https://www.refworld.org.es/docid/5ff517834.html)\n32 Paula Gerber and Phoebe Lindner \u2018Birth Certificates for Children with Same-sex Parents: A Reflection of Biology or\n\nSomething More?\u2019 (2015) 18(2) New York University Journal of Legislation & Public Policy.\n\n\n**12** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **3. Good practices and examples** **of recent reforms**\n\n##### A number of countries have in recent years passed legislative reforms to allow mothers to register births on an equal basis with men.\n\n\n\n**Guinea** reformed its Civil Code (article 202) in\n2019 allowing women to register births. [33 ] In 2018,\n\n**South Sudan** passed the Civil Registry Act of 2018\nwhere Article 25.6 provides that the mother can\nalso register the birth. A 2004 reform of the Civil\nRegistration Code of **Mozambique** also allows\neither parent to register the birth and obtain a\nbirth certificate. In addition, single Mozambican\nmothers can now register their children under\ntheir maiden name, and choose to register them\nas having a father other than her husband. [34 ] In\n**Nepal**, birth registration was traditionally done by\nthe head of the family, and in his/her absence,\nfrom amongst one of the \u201cmajor [male] members\nof the family.\u201d [35]\n\n\n\nIn 2006, acting on the recommendations of the\nCEDAW Committee and following a Supreme\nCourt ruling, Nepal amended the provisions\ndiscriminating between women and men in this\nregard. Now, women as well as men can be\ndesignated head of household, and the eldest\nmale member no longer provides the birth\ndeclaration if the head of household is absent. [36] In\n**Afghanistan**, the Constitution requires equality\nbetween men and women, and the Law on\nRegistration of Population Records (2014) notes\nthat both parents are able to register a child. In\nSeptember 2020, the President signed an\namendment allowing mothers\u2019 names to be\nincluded on official documents, including their\nchildren\u2019s birth certificates, which previously\nnamed only the father.\n\n\n\n33 Previously Article 194.\n34 Article 149 of Law No. 12 on the Civil Registration Code 2004 (as amended by law 12/2018), and Article 238(1) of the\n\nMozambique Family Law, 2004 (amended by law 22/2019).\n35 Article 4-1 a. Birth, Death, and Other Personal Events (Registration) Act, 1976.\n36 Article 10, Law No. 2063 Amending Some Nepal Acts to Maintain Gender Equality, 2006.\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An infant is weighed as part of a routine medical examination at the main hospital in the coastal town of Vilanculos in Inhambanhe\nProvince, Mozambique \u00a9 UNICEF/ Thierry Delvigne-Jean.\n\n## **4. Conclusions and recommendations**\n\n##### This background note provides information about various legal and practical barriers that can affect women\u2019s ability to register the birth of their children. Sex discrimination remains a serious barrier to registration in countries where only men are legally allowed to register a child, or when women are only permitted to do so in limited circumstances. Requirements in some countries that parents must present a valid marriage certificate when seeking to register the birth of a child leaves many children at risk of going unregistered. Indirect discrimination and certain cultural practices also pose a threat to registration.\n\n\nBirth registration is a fundamental human right and the first legal acknowledgement of a child\u2019s\nexistence. Without birth registration and birth certificates, children are invisible to their governments,\nand may be left stateless as a result of their inability to prove their entitlement to nationality.\n\n\n**14** B A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### In light of the information presented in this background note, UNICEF and UNHCR make the following recommendations:\n\n\n\n**1.** All parents regardless of their sex should have\n\nequal rights to register the births of their\nchildren without discrimination. Laws,\nregulations, practices and procedures that\nallow only fathers to register the birth of a child\nor that allow mothers to register the birth of a\nchild only in exceptional circumstances should\nbe reformed to provide fully equal rights to\nmothers and fathers with respect to birth\nregistration.\n\n\n**2.** Laws or regulations that require the physical\n\npresence or consent of a father when a mother\nseeks to register the birth of a child should be\nreformed to allow mothers to register children\nwithout the presence and/or consent of the\nfather. Cultural practices that lead officials to\nrequire the physical presence or consent of the\nfather should be discouraged through\nawareness raising campaigns, trainings of civil\nregistrar officials and penalties if the practice\npersists.\n\n\n**3.** Laws or regulations that require either or both\n\nparents to present a valid marriage certificate\nwhen seeking to register the birth of a child\nshould be reformed, as lack of marriage or lack\nof proof of marriage should not be a barrier to\nregistration of a child\u2019s birth. Cultural practices\nthat lead officials to request marriage\ncertificates even where these are not required\nby law should be discouraged through\nawareness raising campaigns, trainings of civil\nregistrars and penalties if the practice persists.\n\n\n\n**4.** Laws or regulations that provide that only\n\nopposite sex parents may register the birth of\nchildren should be reformed. Cultural practices\nthat lead officials to deny birth certification to\nchildren of same sex parents should be\ndiscouraged through awareness raising\ncampaigns and training of civil registrars.\n\n\n**5.** States should take measures to safeguard the\n\nbirth registration process from any form of\nindirect discrimination and from discriminatory\ncultural practices. This is a particular risk for\nmothers with children born out of wedlock,\nincluding as a result of rape, who might be\nreluctant to approach the authorities for fear of\ncultural stigma and shame or even criminal\nliability. The practice of registering a child as\n\u201cillegitimate,\u201d serves no legitimate State\npurpose, is harmful to children and families and\ncontravenes the right to birth registration.\nLikewise, the practice of registering parents or\nchildren under \u201cfalse names\u201d should be\ndiscontinued, as these can prevent biological\nconnections from being known and have an\nimpact on the ability of children to establish\nhis/her identity, know their origins and acquire\nnationality by descent.\n\n\n**6.** States should undertake education campaigns\n\nto increase awareness amongst women,\nfamilies and communities on their rights, and\non the importance of birth registration to tackle\nsituations where lack of birth registration is\ncaused by low levels of awareness or\neducation on the part of the mother with a\nparticular focus on vulnerable groups such as\nrefugees, migrants, displaced and nomadic\npopulations.\n\n\n\nB A C K G R O U N D N O T E O N S E X D I S C R I M I N AT I O N I N B I R T H R E G I S T R AT I O N **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f60bfee8-9ad4-32d3-8e45-ef71ca4faac2/Background%20note%20on%20sex%20discrimination%20in%20birth%20registration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_256/raw/doc_256_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_256/raw/doc_256_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 508c12f6c689540568a5c94edda60e1b5d6b97f9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_256/raw/doc_256_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe Government of Bangladesh has adapted its policies to respond to the large inflow of Rohingya from\nMyanmar following the events of August 2017. The Government\u2019s overarching policy has allowed nearly\none million Rohingya refugees to have access to safety, documentation and shelter, and has enabled\nprovision of critical protection and humanitarian services in the refugee camps. At the same time, the\nGovernment emphasizes that voluntary repatriation is the primary solution for the Rohingya refugees;\ntheir stay in Bangladesh is temporary; and the root causes of displacement should be addressed as a\nmatter of priority. The Government\u2019s policies focus on supporting Rohingya with humanitarian assistance,\nwhile supporting host communities with development assistance to offset the impact of hosting a large\npresence of refugees in congested camps.\n\n\nKey policy developments and initiatives from July 2017 to June 2020 include the following:\n## \u2022 [Following the events of August 2017 in northern Rakhine in Myanmar, and the inflow of refugees into Cox\u2019s ]\n\nBazar district, the Government of Bangladesh enabled a large-scale humanitarian response, with significant\ninternational support and personnel, and granted UNHCR and other partners full access to all Rohingya\nrefugees.\n## \u2022 [While previously-registered Rohingya refugees maintained their refugee designation, Rohingya arriving ]\n\nfollowing the events of August 2017 are classified by the Government as \u201cForcibly Displaced Myanmar\nNationals\u201d (FDMN) and governed by a policy framework that ensures their access to basic humanitarian\nassistance and services and protection from refoulement. The policy framework restricts refugees\u2019\nmovements to within the camps and does not allow refugees access to formal education, livelihoods or\nwage-earning employment. The Government emphasizes the temporary presence of the Rohingya\nrefugees on its territory and the need to prioritize the voluntary return to Myanmar as the only solution to\ntheir plight. Government policy renders the Rohingya refugees reliant upon critical and life-saving\nhumanitarian assistance, which poses challenges in an increasingly resource-strained environment.\n## \u2022 [Since June 2018, the Government of Bangladesh and UNHCR have carried out a joint registration of ]\n\nRohingya refugees, which has enabled many Rohingya to acquire individual identity documents \u2013 for many\nfor the first time.\n## \u2022 [In January 2020, the Government through its National Task Force approved the use of the Myanmar ]\n\ncurriculum in the informal learning centres for Rohingya refugees and the introduction of skills development\nprogrammes in the camps, in preparation for eventual voluntary repatriation and sustainable reintegration\nin Myanmar.\n## \u2022 [As part of Bangladesh\u2019s nationwide response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the Government ]\n\nincluded Rohingya refugees in its national prevention and response plan (National Preparedness and\nResponse Plan for COVID-19 for Bangladesh (2020) and National Vaccine Development plan (NVDP) for\nCOVID-19 Vaccines in Bangladesh). Due to necessary mitigation measures to stem the spread of COVID-19,\nprovision of protection and humanitarian assistance and services in the camps has been significantly\nreduced, resulting in a deterioration of living conditions and the protection environment for refugees.\n## \u2022 [Throughout the reporting period, the Government has specified that any repatriation of Rohingya refugees ]\n\nmust take place in a voluntary, safe and dignified manner in line with international standards. When\nBangladesh and Myanmar attempted to begin the process of repatriating Rohingya refugees to Myanmar in\nNovember 2018 and August 2019, the Government of Bangladesh allowed UNHCR to ascertain voluntariness\nand respected the refugees\u2019 decision not to return under prevailing conditions. This again confirmed the\nGovernment\u2019s commitment to the principle of non-refoulement and to the voluntary nature of repatriation in\nsafety and dignity, as stipulated in its November 2017 bilateral agreement with the Government of Myanmar\nand its 2018 Memorandum of Understanding with UNHCR.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n## \u2022 [Other notable Government initiatives have included the deployment of increased numbers of security ]\n\npersonnel in and around the refugee camps and the construction of perimeter fencing around the refugee\ncamps. In parallel, in an effort to decongest the camps, the Government prepared for the relocation of up to\n100,000 Rohingya refugees to the island of Bhasan Char.\n\n\nBangladesh was granted access to the World Bank\u2019s IDA-18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW) in June 2018,\nenabling support for education, health, gender, social protection, WASH, energy, public works and service\ndelivery for Rohingya refugees and host communities.\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nAlthough there are no specific national fiscal policies addressing additional financial or fiscal transfers\nfrom the national level to areas economically affected by the presence of refugees, the Government has\ncontinued to lead and coordinate significant efforts to ensure that the affected host communities are\nprovided with assistance.\n\n\nUnder the leadership of the Government of Bangladesh, international support has been extended to\nBangladeshi host communities in the Ukhiya and Teknaf sub-districts to alleviate pressures on their living\nconditions and socioeconomic development due to the presence of large numbers of Rohingya refugees.\nThis has included targeted support for local health facilities, employment and livelihoods opportunities,\nand measures to mitigate environmental degradation, water scarcity, and potential tensions between the\nRohingya refugees and the host communities.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nN/ A\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe Constitution of Bangladesh and numerous policies articulate parameters for environmental protection\nand the preservation of natural resources, forests, biodiversity, and wildlife. Dedicated policy frameworks\n[for the management and protection of the environment include the National Environmental Policy (1992),](http://nda.erd.gov.bd/files/1/Publications/Sectoral%20Policies%20and%20Plans/Environment%20Policy,%201992.pdf)\nthe [Environmental Management Plan (1995), the](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/329001468741610744/pdf/multi-page.pdf) [Environmental Conservation Act (1995), the](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-791.html?lang=en) [Environmental](https://www.elaw.org/system/files/Bangladesh+--+Environmental+Conservation+Rules,+1997.pdf)\n[Conservation Act Rules (1997)](https://www.elaw.org/system/files/Bangladesh+--+Environmental+Conservation+Rules,+1997.pdf) and the [Bangladesh Forest Act, 1927 (Amended in 1994). These are national](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-144.html)\npolicies that apply equally to Rohingya refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nBangladesh has allowed Rohingya refugees to reside on previously classified forested land governed by\nthe Forest Act. Bangladesh\u2019s environmental policies have allowed sustainable fuel programmes that\nreduce deforestation and protection risks, including through the provision of liquified petroleum gas and\nreforestation efforts. Bangladesh has also endeavoured to protect wildlife, such as South-Asian elephants,\nthat previously used the forest as a travel corridor.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nTraditionally, and as evidenced by the events of 2017, the Bangladesh government has been prepared to\nrespond and provide safety, refuge and essential services to large numbers of Rohingya refugees arriving in\nthe country, in cooperation and coordination with the United Nations and international and national NGOs.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nOn the basis of the 2013 National Strategy on Myanmar Refugees and Undocumented Myanmar Nationals,\nin October 2017 the Government established a National Task Force (NTF), chaired by the Ministry of\nForeign Affairs and including 29 Ministries and entities, to provide oversight and strategic guidance to the\nRohingya response. Following the 2017 influx, the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC),\nunder the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, was mandated to provide operational coordination\nfor all refugees. The District Commissioner in Cox\u2019s Bazar has the primary responsibility for operational\ncoordination of the response for Bangladeshi host communities including security and safety and disaster\nrisk reduction.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nDespite not being a signatory to the [1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol,](https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html)\nBangladesh has provided international protection to refugees for decades.\n\n\nNumerous articles in the Constitution of Bangladesh and other general provisions of Bangladeshi law that\nare not restricted to citizens can apply to refugees as individuals present on the territory of Bangladesh,\nalthough their interpretation and application vary vis-\u00e0-vis Rohingya refugees.\n\n\nBangladesh has ratified core international human rights instruments including the International Covenant\non Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic and Social and Cultural\nRights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Rights of the Children (CRC), the Convention against Torture and\nOther Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CAT), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms\nof Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Bangladesh has not ratified the 1954 Convention relating to\nthe Status of Stateless Persons or the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.\n\n\nThere is no specific legislative or administrative instrument on asylum procedures and refugee status\ndetermination in Bangladesh. Traditionally, the [Foreigners Act (1946), which dates to the period before the](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-216.html)\nestablishment of the State of Bangladesh, has been applied to refugees and asylum-seekers in Bangladesh,\nalthough the Act makes no explicit reference to either.\n\n\nThe Constitution of Bangladesh and other laws and policies include non-discrimination provisions.\nBangladesh has also ratified the major international instruments containing non-discrimination provisions,\n[including, in addition to the above, the 1965 International Convention on Elimination of All Form of Racial](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cerd.aspx)\n[Discrimination.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cerd.aspx)\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Government of Bangladesh has generally maintained its commitment to ensuring the protection of\nand provision of life-saving basic assistance to Rohingya refugees and to upholding the principle of nonrefoulement. Although it does not confer legal status upon Rohingya and considers them to be forcibly\ndisplaced nationals from Myanmar rather than recognizing them as stateless refugees, in statements and\nin practice, the Government has firmly committed that any future returns will be \u201cconducted in line with the\ninternational standards of voluntariness, safety and dignity.\u201d\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nA National Taskforce on the Implementation of the National Strategy on Myanmar Refugees and\nUndocumented Myanmar Nationals was established in October 2017, chaired by the Foreign Secretary, to\nprovide strategic and policy guidance on refugee matters at national level. The Ministry of Disaster\nManagement and Relief (MoDMR) manages the operational response, working with other relevant\nauthorities. In Cox\u2019s Bazar, the [Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC), who reports to](http://rrrc.gov.bd/)\nMoDMR, is responsible for management and oversight of the Rohingya refugee response, while the\nDistrict Deputy Commissioner (DC), leading the civil administration in Cox\u2019s Bazar District, is responsible\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nfor coordinating the response to the needs of host communities and overall safety and security. The\noperational response in the camps is coordinated through Camp-in-Charge (CiC) officials reporting to\nRRRC, in close cooperation with the District Task Force and DC.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe Government of Bangladesh does not have specific laws, policies or institutional arrangements for\nrefugee registration. In the early days of the crisis in 2017, the Ministry of Home Affairs undertook biometric\nregistration of newly arrived Rohingya refugees. This exercise registered individuals and did not collect\ndata on family size or composition. Subsequently, in October 2017, the RRRC and UNHCR began a \u201cfamily\ncounting exercise,\u201d which was a household-based registration. The data from both exercises was later\ncombined.\n\n\nIn June 2018, the Government of Bangladesh launched a large-scale biometric registration exercise with\nUNHCR to improve the quality and comprehensiveness of the data. All individuals over the age of 12 are\nnow issued with an Identity Card, and each household receives a Family Attestation that includes a\nphotograph and basic biodata of everyone in the household, regardless of age. The biometric registry,\nwhich includes iris scans and fingerprints, has helped to secure individuals\u2019 identities, and the data is\ncontinually updated. The text of the identity card includes a reference to the principle of non-refoulement.\nAs most Rohingya refugees have been deprived of citizenship in Myanmar, this card is, for many, the first\nofficial identity document they have ever received.\n\n\nThe [Birth and Death Registration Act (2004, amended in 2013)](https://www.refworld.org/docid/511b54192.html) requires the birth registration of all children\nborn in Bangladesh, \u201cirrespective of race, religion, caste, clan or sex\u201d, including a reference to refugees\n(Article 2.n). Having generally registered Rohingya births since 2015, the Government suspended birth\nregistration in the Cox\u2019s Bazar area at the time of the crisis in August 2017, affecting both Rohingya\nrefugees and the Bangladeshi host community. Birth registration in the host community resumed in 2020,\nwhereas births in the refugee community are now recorded through the continuous registration process\nmentioned above.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThe Constitution of Bangladesh guarantees access to justice for everyone on its territory. It also stipulates\nthat every person present in Bangladesh enjoys the protection of the law and is entitled to be treated in\naccordance with the law. Article 32 specifies that no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty,\nsave in accordance with the law; while Article 33 contains safeguards in relation to arrest and detention\nfor all persons on the territory. These and other general provisions of Bangladeshi all apply to refugees,\nalthough their interpretation and application vis-\u00e0-vis Rohingya refugees can vary.\n\n\nSince the start of the influx in 2017, the Government of Bangladesh has deployed additional military and\nsecurity forces, including the Armed Police Battalion, to maintain security and law and order in Cox\u2019s Bazar\narea for both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nRefugees\u2019 access to the Bangladeshi justice system is affected by lengthy procedures and backlogs, as\n[well as the absence of a specific legal framework governing the status of refugees. The Muslim Family](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-305.html)\n[Ordinance (1961)](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-305.html) applies to the whole of Bangladesh and all Muslim citizens of Bangladesh (Article 2). The\ntext has been interpreted as excluding refugees, as non-citizens, and therefore circumscribing the\njurisdiction of local courts to hear civil cases concerning refugees. As a result, the courts generally do not\naddress cases submitted by the Rohingya refugees.\n\n\nBangladesh has several national laws addressing the prevention of gender-based violence (GBV), with a\n[focus on violence against women and girls. The Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=110524&p_count=2&p_classification=05)\n[Act (Nari-o-Shisu Nirjatan Daman Ain \u2013 2000, amended in 2003), penalizes recourse to dowry, kidnapping,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=110524&p_count=2&p_classification=05)\nand the rape of women and children, while the [Domestic Violence Act (2010) penalizes the psychological,](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/bangla_all_sections.php?id=1063)\nphysical, sexual and economic abuse of women and children by family members. While these laws, as well\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric\nregistration", - "confidence": 0.7267263531684875, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Home Affairs", - "confidence": 0.6030517816543579, - "start": 97, - "end": 101 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.9463542699813843, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9798645973205566, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "newly arrived Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8839353322982788, - "start": 105, - "end": 109 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "family\ncounting exercise", - "confidence": 0.9559695720672607, - "start": 138, - "end": 141 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "household-based registration", - "confidence": 0.6575167179107666, - "start": 146, - "end": 148 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.5530128479003906, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8091219067573547, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric registration exercise", - "confidence": 0.9001973867416382, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9624901413917542, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.8559572696685791, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8632597923278809, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals over the age of 12", - "confidence": 0.5711297988891602, - "start": 185, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n[as other important domestic laws such as the Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017) and the Children Act](https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Child%20Marriage%20Restraint%20Act%202017%20English.pdf)\n[(2013), include everyone on the territory, there are implementation gaps in practice, and Rohingya refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/542e5df54.html)\nface particular barriers.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nAs the August 2017 influx intensified, the Government designated so-called \u2018special zones\u2019 and instructed\nlocal authorities to settle Rohingya refugees in the Cox\u2019s Bazar camps. Rohingya refugees are required to\nstay in or within the vicinity of the camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar and are not allowed to travel further afield without\nauthorization by camp authorities.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nIn general, national laws relating to the \u201cright to work\u201d or \u201crights at work\u201d, including the [Bangladesh Labour](https://www.dpp.gov.bd/upload_file/gazettes/14212_75510.pdf)\n[Act (2006)](https://www.dpp.gov.bd/upload_file/gazettes/14212_75510.pdf) and the Constitution, refer to citizens. Although there is no codified policy or law explicitly\nprohibiting refugees from working, it has been the position of the Government that refugees should not\nhave formal access to the labour market or other forms of wage-earning activity.\n\n\nEconomic opportunities for Rohingya refugees are limited to pecuniary incentives which are provided to\nRohingya refugee volunteers who provide essential service delivery and support for the humanitarian\noperation in the camps, including desludging latrines, disaster response, community outreach and\nteaching in the education centres.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nSection 42(1) of the Constitution of Bangladesh states that every citizen has the right to acquire, hold,\ntransfer or otherwise dispose of property. Other relevant laws on Housing, Land and Property (HLP) \u2013\n[including the Transfer of Property Act (1882), the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Act](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-48.html)\n[(2017), the Non-agricultural Tenancy Act (1949), the Registration Act (1908) and the Contract Act (1882) \u2013](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-1220.html)\ndo not distinguish on the basis of citizenship. Nor, however, do they authorize foreigners to access housing,\nland and property rights. There is a common understanding and practice that refugees are not able to\npurchase, lease or use land in Bangladesh due to their lack of a legal status in Bangladesh.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRohingya refugees cannot open an account with either a regulated bank or a mobile financial service,\nabsent a legally-accepted proof of identity document. The biometric ID card provided by means of the\njoint UNHCR-Government of Bangladesh registration and verification exercise is not accepted for this\npurpose.\n\n\nBoth public and private banks adhere to the rules and regulations set by the Central Bank of Bangladesh\n(Bangladesh Bank) as well as the Know Your Customer (KYC) principles adopted by the Bangladeshi\nFinancial Authority. The Bangladesh Bank has allowed an electronic-KYC (e-KYC) process for some banks\nbased on a [guideline from December 2019. The guidelines for e-KYC explicitly state that the \u201ce-KYC shall](https://www.bb.org.bd/mediaroom/circulars/aml/jan082020bfiu25.pdf)\nonly be applicable for natural persons who have a valid NID [national identity] document.\u201d In order to open\nmobile banking accounts, one must furnish the national ID reference and have a registered mobile number.\nA [Directive on Biometric Verifcation Systems (2015)](http://www.btrc.gov.bd/sites/default/files/Directives%20on%20Biometric%20Verification%20System.pdf) from the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory\nCommission requires all SIM card registration data to be validated biometrically against the government\u2019s\nnational ID database. As Rohingya refugees are not part of that database, they are not able to purchase\nSIM cards.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe Government has realized significant progress towards achieving universal access to basic education\nfor Bangladeshi nationals. Rohingya refugee students are not part of the national plan on education, and\nare not allowed to enrol in state schools or pursue tertiary education in general.\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s policy on education for Rohingya refugees following the 2017 influx has permitted the\nprovision of informal education to Rohingya refugee children in the camps. In line with these directives,\nhumanitarian actors developed the Learning Competency Framework and Approach (LCFA) in early 2018\nas an interim measure. The Government endorsed the LCFA through its Guidelines for Informal Education\nProgramme for children of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh (GIEP) Level I and II. In\nJanuary 2020, the Government of Bangladesh authorized the use of the Myanmar curriculum in the\nrefugee camps, starting with 10,000 Rohingya students in Grades 6 to 9. While introduction of the\ncurriculum has been deferred as a result of the closure of schools and learning centres due to the COVID\npandemic, this policy shift will facilitate Rohingya refugees\u2019 access to education and skills development.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nRohingya refugees can access curative and preventive healthcare services in the camps provided by\nhumanitarian agencies, following a minimum package of primary healthcare services that is derived from\nthe applicable national package (the [National Health Policy (2011)). Rohingya refugees can also be referred](http://www.mohfw.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74&Itemid)\nto the district hospital in Cox\u2019s Bazar for secondary and tertiary level medical treatment. When refugees\nare referred to national services, the same costs are charged as for nationals.\n\n\nRefugees are included in free access to the national Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services supported by the\n[Global Fund,](https://data.theglobalfund.org/investments/location/BGD) implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Likewise, refugees benefit from\nthe Government\u2019s free immunization and family planning services. TB diagnostic and treatment services\nare provided at specialized clinics run by an NGO in the camps. HIV treatment is part of the national\nsystem, provided through public health facilities near the camps, with the exception of HIV testing for\npregnant women, which is provided in the camps. Sexual and reproductive health services, including\nmaternal and neonatal health services, are provided to Rohingya women and girls in the camps by\n[humanitarian actors. The National Preparedness and Response Plan for COVID-19 for Bangladesh (2020)](http://www.mohfw.gov.bd/index.php?searchword=covid&searchphrase=all&Itemid=1&option=com_search&lang=en)\nnotes the significant presence of Rohingya \u2018Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals\u2019. In practice, Rohingya\nrefugees in Cox\u2019s Bazar can access Government-run testing and medical treatment facilities and are\ntreated without discrimination when receiving COVID-19-related services.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nRefugees are not part of the national social protection system (National Social Security Strategy [2015)],\nAction Plan 2016\u20132021 [2018]).\n\n\nA social safety net for refugees and host communities affected by the presence of refugees has been\n[supported by the IDA18 RSW separately from the national social protection system (Additional Financing](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/701121585965827747/pdf/Bangladesh-Safety-Net-Systems-for-the-Poorest-Additional-Financing.pdf)\n[for the Safety Net Systems for the Poorest project).](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/701121585965827747/pdf/Bangladesh-Safety-Net-Systems-for-the-Poorest-Additional-Financing.pdf)\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe domestic legal framework includes instruments to protect vulnerable groups in society. The [Prevention](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/543f75664.pdf)\n[and Suppression of Human Trafcking Act (2012) and its](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/543f75664.pdf) [2017 Rules apply to any person within Bangladesh,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5d4a91754.html)\nregardless of nationality. Together they outline procedures for the rescue, rehabilitation and repatriation of\nvictims, as well as social, physical and judicial protection for their stay in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is enhancing\nefforts to combat human trafficking through its 2018\u20132022 National Plan of Action (NPA), which strengthens\nenforcement through inter-agency coordination, officer training and the harmonization of existing laws.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nTo protect women and girls from violence, including trafficking, and implement relevant provisions of\nCEDAW and CRC, Bangladesh adopted the [Prevention of Violence Against Women and Children Act](http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-835.html)\n( _Nari-o-Shisu Nirjatan Daman Ain_ - 2000) and the Domestic Violence Act (2010). These legal instruments\napply to all persons in Bangladesh, including refugees. Bangladesh has adopted the [Persons with](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=95795&p_count=18&p_classification=08)\n[Disabilities Rights and Protection Act (2013), which upholds the rights of people with disabilities, including](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=95795&p_count=18&p_classification=08)\naccess to justice, education, health care, work, and inheritance. Several legal provisions ensure that\nunaccompanied and separated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking, survivors of gender-based\nviolence and other refugee groups with specific needs have access to Government care and protection\nsystems in a comparable manner to nationals. The Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017), for example, is not\nlimited to citizens and can be used as a basis for extending legal protection to refugee children In practice,\nthere are barriers for the Rohingya refugees to access these mechanisms.\n\n\nIn the refugee camps, humanitarian agencies offer various specialized services and assistance to persons\nwith specific needs and vulnerabilities, including for the protection of women and children at risk, in\ncoordination with the camp authorities and the Department of Social Services.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nAs mentioned above, the most consequential policy sub-dimensions for Rohingya refugees are:\n## \u2022 [Ensuring meaningful, inclusive, equitable, and gender-responsive community representation, including ]\n\nparticipation of women in community-based leadership structures in camps;\n## \u2022 [Responding to and preventing risks of human trafficking and smuggling of women and girls, in line with ]\n\nthe Bangladeshi National Anti-Trafficking Plan;\n## \u2022 [Access to gender-responsive learning opportunities in an enabling, protective environment;] \u2022 [Preventing and addressing gender-based violence, including access to justice; ] \u2022 [Strengthening the gender dimension of access to national services addressing specific needs;] \u2022 [Gender mainstreaming and awareness throughout the humanitarian response.]\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984][1] \u2022 [Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1962][2] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979][3] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989][4] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966][5] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966][6]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 14(1) (adequate compensation for torture).\n2 Articles 1 (consent to marriage); Article 2 (minimum age for marriage).\n3 Article 2 (State Party\u2019s duties to eliminate formal discrimination against women); Article 16(1)(c) (discrimination in marriage)).\n4 Article 14(1) (child\u2019s freedom of thought); Article 21 (considering the best interest of the child in adoptions).\n5 Article 14(3)(d) (due process safeguards in criminal cases); Article 10(3) (humane treatment in prison); Article 11 (prohibition on\nimprisonment for failure to meet contractual obligations).\n6 Article 1 (right to self-determination); Article 2 (access to rights without discrimination); Article 3 (access to economic, social\nand cultural rights without discrimination on the basis of sex); Article 7 (right to just and favourable conditions of work); Article 8\n(right to form trade unions); Article 10 (familial rights); Article 13 (right to education).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B A N G L A D E S H** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8a182202-6247-3a13-bac6-ca2f705f2f61/Bangladesh%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_257/raw/doc_257_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_257/raw/doc_257_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d63a42adbbb62fde65647885af8c5cade948aab0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_257/raw/doc_257_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,252 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas diciembre 2023 - marzo 2024**\n\nEste bolet\u00edn ha sido producido por el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, en colaboraci\u00f3n con las\norganizaciones participantes del Grupo de Trabajo de Trata de Personas (GTTdP)\nPara m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre este reporte, contacte a Norma Ferrer, noferrer@iom.int\n\n\nFotograf\u00eda de Portada: Tinta Violeta 2024\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n es un foro participativo que re\u00fane organizaciones de la sociedad civil con\nexperiencia en protecci\u00f3n, incluyendo actores de desarrollo, de derechos humanos y organizaciones\nlocales e internacionales. El Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 liderado por ACNUR.\n\n\nNuestros productos de informaci\u00f3n, incluyendo hojas resumen y mapas, est\u00e1n disponibles en el sitio\nweb del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n:\nwww.globalprotectioncluster.org\n\n\nContactos:\nCoordinadora del Cluster, Alice Contini, continia@unhcr.org\nCo-cordinadora del Cluster, Carmen S\u00e1chez, carmen.sanchez@drc.org\nAsociada de Protecci\u00f3n, Patricia Bosco, boscoleo@unhcr.org\nManejo de Informaci\u00f3n, Adriana Ram\u00edrez, ramiread@unhcr.org\nEspecialista en la Lucha Contra la Trata de Personas, Norma Ferrer, noferrer@iom.int\nAsistente de Protecci\u00f3n, Kimberly Sarkis, sarkisne@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CONTENIDO**\n\n##### **Introducci\u00f3n ...........................................................................................................................................................** **Tendencias y Respuesta ...................................................................................................................................** **Tendencias ...............................................................................................................................................................** **Respuesta .................................................................................................................................................................** **\u00daltimos esfuerzos y nuevos enfoques ....................................................................................................** **Historia de \u00e9xito y retos ................................................................................................................................** **Opini\u00f3n especial ..................................................................................................................................................** **Recursos y enlaces \u00fatiles ................................................................................................................................**\n\n\n##### **P\u00e1g.** **3** **4** **4** **5** **14** **15** **16** **18**\n\n\n##### **Organizacviones GGTdP ...............................................................................................................................**\n\n\n##### **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La trata de personas en Venezuela sigue siendo uno de los principales riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n a los que se enfrentan las personas venezolanas en condici\u00f3n de\nvulnerabilidad dentro y fuera del pa\u00eds. Aun cuando se han visto nuevas din\u00e1micas,\nlas tendencias reflejadas en los vol\u00famenes anteriores de este bolet\u00edn trimestral\ncontin\u00faan presentes.\n\n\nLa respuesta a la trata de personas en Venezuela desde el sector humanitario\nse ha caracterizado por la implementaci\u00f3n de proyectos por parte de ONG\nque tradicionalmente han brindado asistencia a mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia\nbasada en g\u00e9nero, ONG Internacionales que abordan el fen\u00f3meno desde un punto\nde vista m\u00e1s amplio de protecci\u00f3n y las agencias, fondos y programas, cada\nuna desde su mandato.\n\n\nEl bolet\u00edn de trata de personas es una iniciativa del Grupo de Trabajo para la\nPrevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la Trata de Personas \u2013 GTTdP, publicada por primera vez\nen julio de 2022, con el fin de mostrar trimestralmente las tendencias y respuestas\na la TdP, de las organizaciones miembros, instrumento que sirve de apoyo a la comunidad\nhumanitaria y es actualmente un documento de consulta obligatoria para conocer\nla situaci\u00f3n de trata de personas en Venezuela.\n\n\nEste documento se publica en cumplimento del objetivo 1 de la estrategia de Trata\nde Personas del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, a saber: aumentar la visibilidad de la trata\nde personas dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas e integrarla en las estructuras,\nprocesos y trabajo de incidencia existentes.\n\n\n## **_4_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Tendencias**_\n\n\nDesde diciembre de 2023 a marzo 2024 se han podido observar diferentes din\u00e1micas\nen los diferentes estados del pa\u00eds.\n\n\nLa Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) observ\u00f3 que, entre los\nmeses de diciembre 2023 y marzo 2024, contin\u00faan evidenci\u00e1ndose situaciones\nasociadas a posibles riesgos de TdP, en algunos sectores en Puerto Ayacucho. Se\nobservaron desplazamientos de manera continua entre sus comunidades de origen\nhacia otras zonas mineras en el estado Bol\u00edvar muy cerca de los l\u00edmites fronterizos con\nel Estado Amazonas, y hasta Puerto Carre\u00f1o, en el Departamento del Vichada\nColombia.\n\n\nDurante diciembre de 2023 a marzo de 2024, se detectaron casos de trata\nde personas con fines de mendicidad forzada de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y adultos\nmayores en los municipios Miranda, Carirubana y Zamora del estado Falc\u00f3n.\nEn muchos casos, esta poblaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 sola y no cuenta con redes de apoyo familiar,\nprincipalmente porque migraron a otros pa\u00edses.\n\n\nEn este estado, sigue pendiente la resoluci\u00f3n de los casos relacionados a las m\u00e1s\nde 150 personas desaparecidas que presuntamente zarparon desde las costas falconianas,\nen lanchas, con destino a las islas de Aruba, Bonaire y Curazao. Debido a la gran\nextensi\u00f3n de frontera que el estado Falc\u00f3n comparte con las islas de Aruba, Bonaire\ny Curazao, principalmente por la Pen\u00ednsula de Paraguan\u00e1, en el municipio Carirubana,\nlas actividades delictivas en la zona siguen en aumento. En este sentido, se pudo conocer\nsobre la intercepci\u00f3n por parte de la Guardia Costera del Caribe Neerland\u00e9s \u201cen\naguas de Curazao una lancha con 34 migrantes venezolanos a bordo, incluido un ni\u00f1o\nde 2 a\u00f1os\u201d _(4)_, a finales de diciembre de 2023. Sin embargo, a principios de ese mes,\ncuatro personas murieron tras siniestrar la embarcaci\u00f3n en la que viajaban\ny otra embarcaci\u00f3n desapareci\u00f3 sin tener informaci\u00f3n al respecto, solo que ambas\nembarcaciones zarparon desde el estado Falc\u00f3n rumbo a Aruba.\n\n\n\nEntre los meses de diciembre de 2023 a marzo de 2024, la OIM pudo observar\nla existencia de dos rutas migratorias aprovechadas por las redes de trata de personas\ny de tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes que salen del estado Sucre: una v\u00eda terrestre,\ncon rumbo al estado T\u00e1chira para proseguir hacia pa\u00edses de Sur o Norte Am\u00e9rica;\ny otra v\u00eda mar\u00edtima, hacia Trinidad y Tobago con posibilidad de continuar hacia otras\nde las islas antillanas. Del mismo modo, se ha evidenciado el retorno de personas\nmigrantes y victimas de trata, desde Trinidad y Tobago, arribando en el Puerto\nInternacional de G\u00fciria, en el municipio Valdez, quienes son originarias de Caracas, as\u00ed\ncomo de los estados Delta Amacuro, Bol\u00edvar, Monagas, Miranda, Carabobo y T\u00e1chira.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, en este periodo, las autoridades competentes del estado Sucre\nrealizaron diversas acciones que permitieron el rescate de presuntas v\u00edctimas de trata,\nespecialmente de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes _(5)_ los cuales pretend\u00edan ser llevados\ny vendidos en la isla de Trinidad y Tobago.\n\n\nEl estado T\u00e1chira contin\u00faa siendo un estado con presencia de movilidad fronteriza,\ndebido a la apertura de los cuatro puentes internacionales entre Venezuela\ny Colombia. Representantes gubernamentales de la entidad han reportado\nel desmantelamiento de redes transnacionales de trata de personas y tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito\nde migrantes, entre diciembre de 2023 y marzo de 2024, principalmente en municipios\nfronterizos, siendo las principales v\u00edctimas rescatadas mujeres j\u00f3venes, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as\ny adolescentes. En algunos casos, los familiares denunciaron ante las autoridades,\nquienes activaron la b\u00fasqueda de las personas reportadas como desaparecidas,\nlogrando los rescates en el Terminal de Pasajeros de San Crist\u00f3bal, el Puente Internacional\nSim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar y en varios sectores de la parroquia San Antonio, municipio Bol\u00edvar.\n\n\n\n1 https://observatoriodeviolencia.org.ve/news/informe-anual-de-violencia-2023/ 2 http://www.mp.gob.ve/index.php/2023/12/20/condenados-a-penana-maxima-cuatro-mujeres-y-un-taxista-por-trata-de-personas-en-bolivar/\n3 https://falconinformativa.com/familiares-de-balseros-falconianos-siguen-exigiendo-investigacion-por-presunta-trata-de-personas/\n4 https://falconinformativa.com/34-migrantes-venezolanos-detenidos-cuando-trataban-de-ingresar-en-lancha-a-curazao/\n5 https://eldiario.com/2024/03/14/desarticularon-una-red-de-trata-de-personas-en-el-estado-sucre/\n\n\n## **_4_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Presuntos tratantes realizan la captaci\u00f3n de adolescentes entre 14 y 17 a\u00f1os, con falsas\npropuestas de ingreso en academias de modelaje internacional, enga\u00f1ando tambi\u00e9n a los\npadres y representantes con supuestas ofertas de altas de beneficio econ\u00f3mico en el\nexterior. Se observ\u00f3 que como perfil de los tratantes se encontr\u00f3 que son personas\nj\u00f3venes, de 30 a\u00f1os, con presunto involucramiento de adolescente en la captaci\u00f3n de otras\nadolescentes, vali\u00e9ndose de \u201cconocer los problemas familiares de las v\u00edctimas, las manipul\u00f3\ny bajo enga\u00f1o les indic\u00f3 que, en territorio extranjero las ayudar\u00eda a conseguir trabajo y ser\nindependiente\u201d _(8)_ . Otra situaci\u00f3n detectada, es que muchas de las v\u00edctimas fueron forzadas\nbajo amenazas contra su vida, a \u201ctrabajar como modelos web cam en una red social llamada\nTango Live\u201d _(9)_, si bien esta red hab\u00eda sido desmantelada en Bogot\u00e1 en el a\u00f1o 2023, la misma\ncontinuaba operando entre San Antonio del T\u00e1chira y C\u00facuta.\n\n\nEn el estado Zulia, la OIM observa la continua movilidad entre Venezuela y Colombia,\nespecialmente de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados o acompa\u00f1ados de supuestos familiares, que\ntransitan sin las autorizaciones correspondientes, con lo cual se exponen a riesgos de\nprotecci\u00f3n, accediendo a rutas irregulares en el paso fronterizo, principalmente por las\nzonas aleda\u00f1as a Paraguach\u00f3n.\n\n\nTanto en Maracaibo y como en poblaciones urbanas del estado Zulia, se han evidenciado\ncasos de mendicidad de NNA, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad, en calles,\navenidas, terminales, mercados populares y sem\u00e1foros. En enero de 2024, detenidas 02\nmujeres y una adolescente _(10)_ por la presunci\u00f3n del delito de trata de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes,\ncon fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual en la parroquia Antonio Borjas Romero del municipio Maracaibo.\n\n\nDurante el primer trimestre de 2024, las autoridades han desmantelado 07 redes de trata\nde personas en el estado T\u00e1chira. Varias de estas redes ten\u00edan en su poder ni\u00f1as y adolescentes\nque hab\u00edan sido vendidas para explotaci\u00f3n sexual en otros pa\u00edses _(11)_ . La trata de personas ha\nsido un tema recurrente en las noticias durante este per\u00edodo del a\u00f1o. De manera positiva\nse observa la acci\u00f3n de las autoridades de seguridad en la identificaci\u00f3n de las redes y la\ndetenci\u00f3n de los implicados, en contraposici\u00f3n, se detecta una falta de confidencialidad en\nla noticia que puede poner en riesgo a la sobreviviente que dio la informaci\u00f3n para la captura\nde los implicados.\n\n\n6 https://www.notitarde.com.ve/sucesos/43497/desarticulan-red-internacional-de-trata-de-personas-en-tachira\n7 https://www.freddybernaloficial.com/2024/02/19/tachira-desmantelada-red-de-trata-de-adolescentes-que-operaba-desde-venezuela-hasta-trinidad-y-tobago/\n8 https://lacalle.com.ve/sucesos/cicpc-desarticulo-una-red-de-trata-de-personas-en-tachira/\n9 Detienen a sujetos vinculados a banda de trata de personas en T\u00e1chira - \u00daltimas Noticias (ultimasnoticias.com.ve)\n10 https://notiprensadigital.com/pnb-detiene-a-3-mujeres-por-presunta-explotacion-infantil-en-maracaibo/\n11 CICPC rescat\u00f3 a cuatro adolescentes que hab\u00edan sido captadas por red de trata en T\u00e1chira - El Diario\n\n\n\nDRC ha observado la captaci\u00f3n y explotaci\u00f3n de personas migrantes venezolanas en\nColombia, para la trata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y laboral, esta \u00faltima modalidad\ncaracteriz\u00e1ndose por trabajos forzosos en fincas y fundos con cosechas destinadas a\nactividades il\u00edcitas, as\u00ed como din\u00e1micas de esclavitud por deuda y situaciones an\u00e1logas a la\nesclavitud.\n\n\n_**Respuestas**_\n_**OIM**_\n\n\nLa OIM realiz\u00f3 entre diciembre 2023 y febrero 2024, diversas actividades a nivel nacional,\nde forma directa y por medio de sus socios implementadores. En el Centro de Alojamiento\nTemporal \u2013 CAT, en G\u00fciria, estado Sucre se brind\u00f3 asistencia a personas retornas desde\nTrinidad y Tobago, en apoyo complementario a las actuaciones de las autoridades\ncompetentes, as\u00ed como la atenci\u00f3n a cuatro presuntas v\u00edctimas de trata de personas.\n\n\nEn cuanto a las actividades de prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas y otras formas de violencia\nen contextos de movilidad, la OIM en conjunto con su socio implementador C\u00e1ritas\nCar\u00fapano, ha venido desarrollando actividades comunitarias permanentes. En el estado\nT\u00e1chira, la OIM contin\u00faa la sensibilizaci\u00f3n a las comunidades (332 mujeres y 26 hombres)\npara la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas, de igual manera se pudo realizar la capacitaci\u00f3n\nen esta materia al equipo de respuesta (20) del VEN911 del estado T\u00e1chira, ente encargado\nde brindar respuesta oportuna y atenci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas a las emergencias telef\u00f3nicas en la\nregi\u00f3n. La OIM facilit\u00f3 formaci\u00f3n al personal (15) dependiente del Consulado de Colombia,\nque opera en San Crist\u00f3bal.\n\n\n## **_5_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La OIM dict\u00f3 un taller de formaci\u00f3n en trata de personas a 30 promotoras sociales que\nlaboran en la Fundaci\u00f3n para la Atenci\u00f3n Integral de la Mujer de Amazonas (FAIMA) de la\nGobernaci\u00f3n del estado Amazonas, quienes realizan abordajes en las diferentes comunidades\nde la entidad. Este taller forma parte de las actividades coordinadas entre el Sistema de\nNaciones Unidas y organizaciones humanitarias que integran la Mesa T\u00e9cnica de Protecci\u00f3n\nde la Gobernaci\u00f3n _(12)._ En el municipio Atures de la entidad amazonense la OIM realiz\u00f3 una\njornada de orientaci\u00f3n para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas en la comunidad Bamb\u00fa\nLucera, en la cual participaron 35 personas pertenecientes al pueblo ind\u00edgena Jivi.\n\n\nEn diciembre de 2023, la OIM efectu\u00f3 las jornadas de capacitaci\u00f3n en materia de detecci\u00f3n,\nidentificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n y asistencia a posibles v\u00edctimas de trata de personas a 219\nfuncionarios y funcionarias gubernamentales relacionados a la prevenci\u00f3n, investigaci\u00f3n\npenal, judicializaci\u00f3n y asistencia a v\u00edctimas, y 23 personas de organizaciones de la sociedad\ncivil, en las poblaciones de Ciudad Bol\u00edvar, Puerto Ordaz, Upata y Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n. En\nparalelo, se hizo abordaje, orientaciones y entrega de material preventivo sobre detecci\u00f3n\nde v\u00edctimas de trata de personas en un Punto de Control Polic\u00eda del estado Bol\u00edvar (Kumaracapay)\ny 04 Puntos de Control de la Guardia Nacional (Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n, San Ignacio de\nYuruani, Sierra de Lema y Tumeremo), todos ubicados en la carretera Troncal 10.\n\n\nEn el estado Falc\u00f3n, la OIM realiz\u00f3 05 capacitaciones en materia de trata de personas en\ncontextos de emergencia a autoridades competentes en \u00e1reas de protecci\u00f3n a la ni\u00f1ez,\nprevenci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n de desastre, y a ONG locales e internacionales.\n\n\nEn pro de las buenas pr\u00e1cticas, la OIM en conjunto con ACNUR han dise\u00f1ado un material\nde visibilidad destinado a dar conocer a las personas en movilidad que acuden a los Centros\nde Alojamiento Temporal y puntos de asistencia en los municipios Maracaibo, Mara\ny Guajira en el estado Zulia, sobre los servicios disponibles y las autoridades locales para la\nasistencia ante posibles situaciones de riesgo, a posibles v\u00edctimas de trata de personas\ny personas en movilidad.\n\n\nEn Caracas, se llev\u00f3 a cabo la capacitaci\u00f3n sobre detecci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n\ny asistencia a posibles v\u00edctimas de trata de personas, el 20/2/2024, como parte de una iniciativa\nde la Red de las Naciones Unidas para la migraci\u00f3n que tributa al Objetivo 10 del Pacto\n\n\n12 https://www.facebook.com/share/p/HuhkdRxmLW9kHbyT/?mibextid=xfxF2i\n\n\n\nMundial para la Migraci\u00f3n Segura, Ordenada y Regular, con el objetivo de fortalecer las\ncompetencias t\u00e9cnicas institucionales, desde una perspectiva de interseccional y de g\u00e9nero,\nde funcionarios y funcionarias con competencia en materia de prevenci\u00f3n, investigaci\u00f3n\npenal, judicializaci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas de trata de personas. Esta actividad fue impartida\npor la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones y la Entidad para la Igualdad de\nG\u00e9nero y el Empoderamiento de las Mujeres (ONU Mujeres), contando con la participaci\u00f3n\nde 46 funcionarios y funcionarias de instituciones p\u00fablicas, entre las cuales se incluyen el\nMinisterio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Interiores, Justicia y Paz, Ministerio del Poder\nPopular para Relaciones Exteriores, Ministerio P\u00fablico, Cuerpo de Polic\u00eda Nacional Bolivariana,\nGuardia Nacional Bolivariana, Defensa P\u00fablica, Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Proceso\nSocial del Trabajo, Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, Universidad Nacional Experimental de la\nSeguridad, Servicio Administrativo de Identificaci\u00f3n, Migraci\u00f3n y Extranjer\u00eda, Observatorio\nVenezolano de Seguridad Ciudadana, Instituto Nacional contra la Discriminaci\u00f3n Racial, entre\notros.\n\n\nLa OIM, a trav\u00e9s de sus socios implementadores, brind\u00f3 asistencia a presuntas v\u00edctimas de\ntrata de personas, quienes se\u00f1alan haber sido captadas por medio de las redes sociales, con\nofertas enga\u00f1osas de empleos en establecimientos comerciales (supermercados o farmacias)\nde Puerto Carre\u00f1o, en el Departamento del Vichada, Colombia, siendo forzadas a la prostituci\u00f3n\nhasta que fueron rescatadas por sus familiares.\n\n\n_Recepci\u00f3n de personas retornadas_\n_desde Trinidad y Tobago,_\n_Puerto Internacional de G\u00fciria. Foto:_\n_C\u00e1ritas Car\u00fapano. Dic 2023_\n\n\n## **_6_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**ACNUR**_\n\n\nEl Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados \u2013 ACNUR, junto a la Organizaci\u00f3n\nInternacional para las Migraciones y el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, present\u00f3 una funci\u00f3n\nde la obra teatral inmersiva \u201cLa Carnada\u201d, en la que, a trav\u00e9s de historias reales, se transport\u00f3\na las lideresas, l\u00edderes y comunidad en general de la localidad de Chichiriviche de la Costa,\nestado La Guaira, al mundo interno de las v\u00edctimas de trata de personas de estos relatos,\nconcientizando sobre los diferentes m\u00e9todos utilizados por los tratantes para captar\na sus v\u00edctimas y alcanz\u00e1ndo esta funci\u00f3n a 62 personas de la comunidad.\n\n\n_Funci\u00f3n de La Carnada,_\n_Chichiriviche de la Costa. Dic. 2023_\n\n\n_**DRC**_\n\n\n_**En Sucre:**_ Desde diciembre 2023 a marzo 2024, DRC pudo presenciar 03 procesos\nde repatriaci\u00f3n, en la que 164 personas venezolanas pudieron regresar al pa\u00eds desde Trinidad\ny Tobago. En este marco, se han identificado v\u00edctimas de trata de personas que alegaron\nhaber sido captadas en diferentes estados de Venezuela y posteriormente transportadas\n\n\n\npor v\u00eda terrestre hasta G\u00fciria o Irapa y por v\u00eda mar\u00edtima desde estos puntos geogr\u00e1ficos\nhasta Trinidad. Los perfiles de las v\u00edctimas de trata de personas eran mujeres j\u00f3venes\ny adolescentes que hab\u00edan sido explotadas sexualmente en Trinidad y Tobago.\n\n\nA nivel comunitario DRC ha trabajado en el estado Sucre, mediante el componente\nde Protecci\u00f3n Basado en Comunidad, que ha supuesto la formaci\u00f3n y fortalecimiento\nde un grupo de protecci\u00f3n comunitario. Se elabor\u00f3 un plan de acci\u00f3n destinado a prevenir\ny mitigar la exposici\u00f3n de los j\u00f3venes de la comunidad a la TdP, siempre a trav\u00e9s de la generaci\u00f3n\nde espacios seguros con actividades formativas y recreativas para el fortalecimiento\nde sus capacidades y la generaci\u00f3n de estrategias de afrontamiento positivas.\n\n\n_**En Apure,**_ DRC pudo identificar y asistir con transporte humanitario en 02 casos\nde trata de personas durante este trimestre: en el primer caso, un hombre venezolano\nde 34 a\u00f1os, acompa\u00f1ado por su pareja y dos hijas, quien acept\u00f3 una oportunidad laboral\nen territorio colombiano, en las que se dedicar\u00edan a actividades como el cuidado,\nmantenimiento de predio y animales bovinos, resultando ser v\u00edctima de trata de personas\ncon finesde explotaci\u00f3n laboral y din\u00e1micas de esclavitud por deuda. El segundo caso fue\nidentificado por la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo y posteriormente remitido al equipo de DRC.\n\n\n_**CESVI**_\n\n\nDe acuerdo con el conocimiento adquirido mediante el trabajo en terreno, reuniones\nbilaterales con organismos p\u00fablicos y otras organizaciones locales, Cesvi, identifica algunos\nnudos cr\u00edticos en materia de actualizaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica de las servidoras y los servidores p\u00fablicos\ndel Sistema de Protecci\u00f3n en materia de TdP, VBG y derechos de la infancia. Con base, a\neste contexto y a otras realidades en torno a la atenci\u00f3n de poblaciones vulnerables,\nespecialmente de mujeres v\u00edctimas o en riesgo de TdP, CESVI en conjunto con el Consorcio\nde Asistencia Humanitaria de Venezuela (CONAHVE), decide implementar un plan de\nfortalecimiento institucional que responde a una necesidad por parte de los \u00f3rganos\nintegrantes del Sistema Rector Nacional para la Protecci\u00f3n de Mujeres, Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y\nAdolescentes y \u00f3rganos receptores de denuncia, especialmente quienes son la l\u00ednea de\nprimer contacto de casos, con la intenci\u00f3n de fomentar bases t\u00e9cnicas, buenas pr\u00e1cticas de\natenci\u00f3n y visualizar rutas de atenci\u00f3n articuladas para evitar acciones de revictimizaci\u00f3n y\nfortalecer capacidades locales.\n\n\n## **_7_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En este sentido, el plan de fortalecimiento institucional contempla dentro del esquema\nformativo un m\u00f3dulo especialmente dirigido a la identificaci\u00f3n y abordaje de la trata\nde personas, desde el ejercicio pr\u00e1ctico y colaborativo entre los actores institucionales\npresentes en las actividades.\n\n\nEntre los meses febrero y marzo de 2024, CESVI ejecut\u00f3 08 sesiones con diversos actores\ninstitucionales, en los estados Amazonas, Falc\u00f3n y Zulia, en los municipios: Atures,\nAutana, Miranda, Zamora, Falc\u00f3n y Maracaibo, con un total de 187 participantes. Perfil de\nparticipantes: servidores y servidoras p\u00fablicas de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, los Consejos\nMunicipales de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes, Consejos de Protecci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as\ny Adolescentes, Cuerpo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Penales y Criminales\n(CICPC), Servicio Nacional de Medicina y Ciencias Forenses (SENAMECF) e Instituto\nAut\u00f3nomo Consejo de Derechos de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes (IDENNA), Polic\u00eda\nNacional Bolivariana, polic\u00edas municipales, Ministerio P\u00fablico, del Sistema de Protecci\u00f3n VBG.\n\n\nDe igual forma, se han ejecutado 02 actividades comunitarias en Falc\u00f3n, denominadas\n\u201cPunto informativo Naranja\u201d en los municipios Zamora y Miranda (Los M\u00e9danos y El Hato)\ncon el objetivo de prevenir la TdP, con un total de participantes 144.\n\n\n_**COOPI**_\n\n\nEn diciembre 2023, COOPI-Cooperazione Internazionale, en conjunto con la organizaci\u00f3n\nsocia Tinta Violeta, en el marco del proyecto de Asistencia humanitaria multisectorial\npara atender las necesidades prioritarias de las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables en Venezuela,\nfinanciado por ECHO, realiz\u00f3 una actividad de sensibilizaci\u00f3n en el marco de los 16 d\u00edas\nde activismo contra la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero. La actividad se desarroll\u00f3 en la Casa\nde la Mujer Petra Barreto en la comunidad de La Vega, Caracas. Durante la jornada,\nse realiz\u00f3 entrega de material informativo para la prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia basada\nen g\u00e9nero y trata de personas, as\u00ed como la presentaci\u00f3n de la obra \u201cLa Carnada\u201d, del Centro\nde Creaci\u00f3n Art\u00edstica TET, obra que busca prevenir y sensibilizar a las comunidades ante\nel delito de la trata de personas.\n\n\n\n_Actividad de sensibilizaci\u00f3n en La Vega, Caracas_\n_C\u00e1ritas Car\u00fapano. Dic 2023_\n\n\nEn esta actividad participaron 82 personas de las comunidades aleda\u00f1as, contando\ncon la presencia de socios internacionales y locales del Consorcio para la Ayuda Humanitaria\nen Venezuela (CONAHVE) y de la Direcci\u00f3n General de Protecci\u00f3n Civil y Ayuda Humanitaria\nde la Uni\u00f3n Europea (ECHO). Pueden visualizar el v\u00eddeo resumen de la actividad en el\nsiguiente enlace: _Venezuela. Teatro \"inmersivo\" contra la trata de seres humanos_\n\n\n_Campa\u00f1a de Prevenci\u00f3n: Libres de Trata_\n\n\n## **_8_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desde el mes de enero, en el marco del proyecto de Asistencia humanitaria\nmultisectorial para atender las necesidades prioritarias de las personas m\u00e1s\nvulnerables en Venezuela, financiado por ECHO, COOPI-Cooperazione Internazionale\nen conjunto con las organizaciones socias del consorcio CONAHVE, ha impulsado\nuna campa\u00f1a de prevenci\u00f3n sobre la trata de personas en el pa\u00eds, especialmente\ndirigida a mujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as entre 13-35 a\u00f1os de edad, la cual se ha\ndenominado Libres de Trata. Desde esta campa\u00f1a, se ha impulsado un podcast de\ncuatro episodios, con la participaci\u00f3n de especialistas quienes brindaron informaci\u00f3n\nsobre la trata de personas y su afectaci\u00f3n diferenciada hacia mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as\ny adolescentes, personas en movilidad y poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+.\n\n\nLa campa\u00f1a ha utilizado las redes sociales, como Instagram y Tik Tok para lograr\nposicionar los mensajes clave para la prevenci\u00f3n y llegar a los grupos poblaciones\nen mayor riesgo ante este delito. Pueden ver el primer cap\u00edtulo del podcast,\ny el resto de los episodios, aqu\u00ed: _**Libres De Trata El Podcast: Episodio 001.**_\nLes invitamos tambi\u00e9n a seguir la campa\u00f1a de prevenci\u00f3n en su perfil de instagram:\n_**Libres de Trata (@libresdetrata.vzla)**_\n\n\n_Dotaci\u00f3n a instituciones: Registro Principal del municipio Valdez, estado Sucre._\n\n\nEn el marco de las acciones de fortalecimiento institucional en el estado Sucre, durante\nel mes de febrero, COOPI - Cooperazione Internazionale, dot\u00f3 con art\u00edculos\nde oficina y equipos inform\u00e1ticos al Registro Civil Principal del municipio Valdez\nen el estado Sucre, ente clave para la tramitaci\u00f3n de documentos de identidad\nde la poblaci\u00f3n del sector. Esta acci\u00f3n apoya a la institucionalidad para continuar\ncon las labores de acceso al derecho a la identidad, mitigando los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n\nasociados, con \u00e9nfasis en las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, y apoyando en los procesos\nde restituci\u00f3n de derechos de las v\u00edctimas de trata.\n\n\n\n_**HIAS**_\n\n\nEn diciembre 2023, HIAS Venezuela, con el apoyo del Alto Comisionado para Los Refugiados\nde Naciones Unidas (ACNUR) y fondos CERF, culmin\u00f3 sus actividades para la prevenci\u00f3n\ny mitigaci\u00f3n de la trata de personas en los municipios R\u00f3mulo Gallegos y Pedro Camejo,\ndel estado Apure, y \u00c1tures, del estado Amazonas.\n\n\nDurante seis meses, HIAS trabaj\u00f3 de la mano con las comunidades para implementar\nacciones de prevenci\u00f3n e identificar aquellas conductas que propician la trata de personas,\nespecialmente en la poblaci\u00f3n joven. Adem\u00e1s, HIAS identific\u00f3 v\u00edctimas de trata de personas\ny les brind\u00f3 servicios de apoyo psicosocial y asistencia material para favorecer su recuperaci\u00f3n\ny protecci\u00f3n, de forma coordinada con otras organizaciones que realizan la gesti\u00f3n de estos\ncasos. Una actividad importante fue la capacitaci\u00f3n de actores claves con competencia\ny respuesta a los casos de trata de personas con la finalidad de fortalecer el conocimiento\ny herramientas para la identificaci\u00f3n de los casos, el delito y facilitar una atenci\u00f3n segura,\nevitando la revictimizaci\u00f3n. Para ello, se realizaron sensibilizaciones en diferentes niveles\ny con mensajes separados para estos diversos tipos de audiencia.\n\nA trav\u00e9s de sesiones informativas, metodolog\u00edas pedag\u00f3gicas y de integraci\u00f3n social, HIAS\nabord\u00f3 con las comunidades las se\u00f1ales de alerta para la identificar los riesgos de trata de\npersona, la definici\u00f3n caracter\u00edstica de este delito, sus formas de presentaci\u00f3n y consecuencias,\npromoviendo la reflexi\u00f3n sobre los elementos e indicadores de contexto que hacen a las\npersonas j\u00f3venes m\u00e1s vulnerables a la TdP. Esta iniciativa se consolid\u00f3 con la presentaci\u00f3n de\nla obra de teatro \u201cLa Carnada\u201d, realizada en la comunidad Betania de Topocho en Amazonas\ny en la Casa de la Cultura en Apure, en el marco del D\u00eda Internacional del Migrante.\nLa puesta en escena, cont\u00f3 con una audiencia de m\u00e1s de 100 personas, abord\u00f3\nla normalizaci\u00f3n y presi\u00f3n por parte del entorno (comunidades, familias) que llevan\na las personas a aceptar situaciones de trata y explotaci\u00f3n, escenificando las situaciones\nque se presentan durante la temporada de zafra del Caf\u00e9.\n\n\n## **_9_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Por su parte, en el Estado Delta Amacuro, HIAS inici\u00f3 un proceso de informaci\u00f3n\ny sensibilizaci\u00f3n en comunidades de Tucupita y Pedernales en materia de riesgos\nde violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y trata de personas, asociados a la movilidad humana,\ndin\u00e1mica presente en este estado. Estas actividades se llevan a cabo en el marco\ndel proyecto de \"Asistencia multisectorial de Protecci\u00f3n, Seguridad Alimentaria, Salud\ny Medios de Vida\u201d, ejecutado en conjunto con la Asociaci\u00f3n Civil El Parag\u00fcero,\ny financiado por el Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela (FHV).\n\n\n\n_HIAS Guasdualito (2023)_\n\n\nLas actividades con la poblaci\u00f3n joven incluyeron la creaci\u00f3n de espacios\neducativos y preventivos, centrados en el desarrollo de sus proyectos de vida, que se\nintegraron con la difusi\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n y materiales de prevenci\u00f3n de la trata.\nEn este marco, con el prop\u00f3sito de contribuir al uso positivo del tiempo libre y apoyar\nlas actividades recreativas de los j\u00f3venes de las comunidades, HIAS realiz\u00f3 la entrega\nde implementos deportivos a las comunidades abordadas como parte del proyecto,\nas\u00ed como instrumentos musicales a la casa de cultura \u201cCultores de Elorza\u201d en Apure.\n\n\n_HIAS Amazonas (2023)_\n\n\n## **_10_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Finalmente, para complementar a sus actividades en Delta Amacuro, Bol\u00edvar y Zulia, HIAS\ndifundir\u00e1 a las comunidades como estrategia de prevenci\u00f3n el material elaborado\npor el Grupo de Trabajo para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la Trata de Personas del Cl\u00faster\nde Protecci\u00f3n en el marco de sus programas financiados por el Fondo Humanitario\nde Venezuela con el objetivo de posicionar mensajes clave debidamente validados\npor las organizaciones expertas en el tema.\n\n\n_HIAS Delta Amacuro (2023)_\n\n\nEn el a\u00f1o 2024, HIAS contin\u00faa trabajando en la prevenci\u00f3n de la VbG y la trata de personas,\npreviendo alcanzar al menos 2,000 personas en los estados Zulia y Bol\u00edvar, a trav\u00e9s\nde un proyecto en ejecuci\u00f3n en asociaci\u00f3n con el Vicariato Apost\u00f3lico de Caron\u00ed, y apoyado\npor el Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela.\n\n\n\n_**MULIER**_\n\nDesde este a\u00f1o, Mulier integra dos redes internacionales muy importantes para el trabajo\nde protecci\u00f3n de la infancia. Participamos en WeProtect Alianza Global, que cuenta\ncon m\u00e1s de 280 miembros de gobiernos, sector privado, sociedad civil y organizaciones\nintergubernamentales dedicados a desarrollar pol\u00edticas y soluciones que protejan a los ni\u00f1os,\nni\u00f1as y adolescentes de la explotaci\u00f3n y el abuso sexual en l\u00ednea. Tambi\u00e9n somos parte de\nGirls Not Brides, una alianza global integrada por m\u00e1s de 1400 organizaciones de la sociedad\ncivil provenientes de m\u00e1s de 100 pa\u00edses, que trabaja para poner fin a los matrimonios\ny las uniones infantiles, tempranas y forzadas (MUITF).\n\n\nEn diciembre, participamos en el conversatorio sobre trata de personas y los desaf\u00edos\nasociados a la movilidad humana, junto a representantes de organizaciones de M\u00e9xico,\nEl Salvador, Bolivia, Guinea Ecuatorial y Ecuador. Esta actividad se desarroll\u00f3 en el marco del\nD\u00eda de las Personas Migrantes.\n\n\nEn marzo, tambi\u00e9n participamos en una actividad de sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre la trata de\nmujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, organizada por la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Cecilio Acosta\n(UNICA) y la C\u00e1tedra Libre de la Mujer de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) en Maracaibo.\n\n\n## **_11_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**TINTA VIOLETA**_\n\nDurante el per\u00edodo de diciembre 2023 a marzo 2024, Tinta Violeta sensibiliz\u00f3 en el marco\ndel consorcio CONAHVE, a un total de 328 personas en temas de protecci\u00f3n con \u00e9nfasis\nen movilidad segura y trata de personas. Estas personas se distribuyeron: 199 en el Estado\nBol\u00edvar; 77 en el Distrito Capital y 52 en Sucre.\n\n\n\nEl 35% de las usuarias y usuarios son sujetas y sujetos principales de captaci\u00f3n, mientras\n65% son v\u00edctimas extendidas, siendo el 72% de estas mujeres de 26 a 49 a\u00f1os, y en 14%\ntanto chicas adolescentes de 12 a 17 a\u00f1os, como hombres de 18 a 25 a\u00f1os.ma.\n\n\n**0-5 M**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**0** **20** **40** **60** **80** **100** **120** **140** **160** **180** **200**\n\n\n\n**6-11 M**\n\n\n**6-11 M**\n\n\n**12-17 M**\n\n\n**12-17 M**\n\n\n\n**Bol\u00edvar** **Distrito Capital**\n\n\n\n**Sucre**\n**18-25 M**\n\n\n\nEs de resaltar que esta actividad del consorcio CONAHVE ha alcanzado su meta\ndesde 2023; sin embargo, Tinta Violeta contin\u00faa con el compromiso de prevenir\ny mitigar este flagelo.\n\n\nLas usuarias y usuarios de los servicios de acompa\u00f1amiento a la gesti\u00f3n de casos\nde trata de personas, brindados por Tinta Violeta en el marco del consorcio\nCONAHVE en el per\u00edodo estudiado, se distribuyen seg\u00fan su edad: 35% mujeres\nde 26 a 49 a\u00f1os, 20% chicas adolescentes de 12 a 17 a\u00f1os, 15% mujeres de 50 a\u00f1os,\n10% ni\u00f1os de 0 a 5 a\u00f1os, y en 5%: ni\u00f1as de 6 a 11 a\u00f1os, ni\u00f1os de 6 a 11 a\u00f1os, chicos\nadolescentes de 12 a 17 a\u00f1os, hombres de 18 a 25 a\u00f1os.\n\n\n\n_**\u00c9XODO**_\n\n\nEl d\u00eda 02 de diciembre de 2023, desde #LaMejorRuta, \u00c9xodo realiz\u00f3 el III Seminario Internacional\n\u00bfDesaparecidas o tratadas? La realidad de las v\u00edctimas, en el marco de los 16 d\u00edas de activismo\ny del D\u00eda Internacional para la Abolici\u00f3n de la Esclavitud (02 de diciembre), establecido por\nlas Naciones Unidas conmemorando el aniversario del Convenio para la Represi\u00f3n de la\nTrata de Personas y de la Explotaci\u00f3n de la Prostituci\u00f3n ajena, aprobado el 02 de diciembre\nde 1949, es un d\u00eda destinado para concienciar y sensibilizar sobre las diversas formas de\nesclavitud, tanto las tradicionales como las nuevas modalidades que se est\u00e1n presentando.\n\n\n## **_12_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El s\u00e1bado 09 de diciembre de 2023, \u00c9xodo particip\u00f3 en la V Feria de DDHH del estado Anzo\u00e1tegui,\nentregando a m\u00e1s de 80 personas, material informativo en prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas.\n\n\n\u00c9xodo realiz\u00f3 en el marco de #LaMejorRuta, municipio Libertador del Distrito Capital,\nJornada de Sensibilizaci\u00f3n por los Derechos Humanos de las ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres,\ny la prevenci\u00f3n de los riesgos de violencias de g\u00e9nero en la ruta migratoria, haciendo \u00e9nfasis\nen la trata de personas, entregando material informativo a las y los participantes.\n\n\n\u00c9xodo estuvo presente el d\u00eda 07 de marzo de 2024, en 07 Encuentros de EmpreMujeres,\nrealizado en Lecher\u00eda, municipio Urbaneja del estado Anzo\u00e1tegui, as\u00ed como el 08 de marzo\nde 2024, en la Jornada de Puertas Abiertas, realizadas entre la Alianza Francesa, el Goethe\nInstitute y el Instituto Italiano de Cultura, en el Distrito Capital, ambas actividades en el marco\ndel D\u00eda Internacional de las Mujeres, entregando material informativo y orientaciones para\nla prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas, especialmente de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres.\n\n\nDurante el mes de marzo 2024, en el marco de la gu\u00eda PROTEGE y el D\u00eda Internacional de\nlas Mujeres, se realizaron Jornadas de Sensibilizaci\u00f3n por los Derechos Humanos de las\nni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia, entregando\nmaterial informativo a las y los participantes en comunidades del estado Anzo\u00e1tegui.\n\n\n## **_14_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Resumen de las leyes y pol\u00edticas recientes relacionadas con la trata de personas en el pa\u00eds,\nincluidos cambios legislativos, nuevas iniciativas gubernamentales y esfuerzos internacionales.\n\n\nIniciativa a las autoridades de la Zona Educativa de T\u00e1chira de generar una campa\u00f1a de\nprevenci\u00f3n de TdP en las escuelas y liceos juntamente con el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n Subnacional.\n\n\nEn el estado Apure, se pudo conocer que, a finales del a\u00f1o 2023, se realiz\u00f3 en San Fernando\nde Apure un encuentro entre 19 organizaciones p\u00fablicas y de la sociedad civil. En esa\nactividad debatieron temas relacionados con las apariciones de casos de trata de personas,\nas\u00ed como la alta incidencia de violencia y prostituci\u00f3n en Apure _(13)_ principalmente en sus tres\nmunicipios fronterizos con Colombia (P\u00e1ez, R\u00f3mulo Gallegos y Pedro Camejo), debido a la\npresencia de grupos de delincuencia organizada en las zonas, as\u00ed como sobre las distintas\nacciones conjuntas para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas y rutas de asistencia a sus\nv\u00edctimas en la entidad.\n\n\n13 https://runrun.es/noticias/514365/ong-y-estado-conforman-una-red-contra-trata-de-personas-en-apure/\n14 https://vertice4gmcp.org.ve/fortalecen-lucha-contra-trata-de-personas-y-trafico-ilicito-de-drogas-en-sucre/\n15 https://www.freddybernaloficial.com/2024/02/19/tachira-desmantelada-red-de-trata-de-adolescentes-que-operaba-desde-venezuela-hasta-trinidad-y-tobago/\n\n\n\nEn marzo de 2024, en la sede del Cuerpo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Penales y\nCriminal\u00edsticas \u2013 CICPC, en Cuman\u00e1, el Ministro del Poder Popular para Relaciones\nInteriores, Justicia y Paz exhort\u00f3 a los funcionarios y funcionarias del \u00f3rgano a intensificar\nesfuerzos, a fin de optimizar las acciones de lucha contra los delitos de trata de personas\ny tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de drogas en esta entidad oriental del pa\u00eds _(14)_ .\n\nLa OIM obtuvo informaci\u00f3n sobre la creaci\u00f3n por parte Consejo Legislativo del estado\nT\u00e1chira, sobre la creaci\u00f3n de una comisi\u00f3n mixta para la conformaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas\np\u00fablicas necesarias para el combate de la trata de personas en la entidad. De igual\nmanera, los gobernadores de T\u00e1chira y Norte de Santander un Encuentro Binacional _(15)_\npara la coordinaci\u00f3n de acciones conjuntas en la prevenci\u00f3n y lucha contra delitos\nocurridos en ambas fronteras.\n\n\n## **_15_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DRC: asistencia a V\u00edctima de Trata de Personas en Maracaibo**\n\n\nEn Maracaibo, estado Zulia, DRC atendi\u00f3 un caso de trata de personas remitido\npor la organizaci\u00f3n C\u00e1ritas con sede en Maracaibo, mediante asistencia individual\nde protecci\u00f3n (IPA), en particular con transporte humanitario para el traslado de una\npersona retornada hasta su lugar de origen.\n\n\nLa historia de Mar\u00eda _(16)_, es parecida a la de otras mujeres que buscan mejorar sus condiciones\nde vida y debido a condiciones espec\u00edficas de vulnerabilidad, la hace propensa a ser v\u00edctima\nde trata o sufrir cualquier otro riesgo de protecci\u00f3n. En su caso, es una mujer transg\u00e9nero\noriunda del estado Portuguesa que migr\u00f3 a Medell\u00edn hace aproximadamente un a\u00f1o. Por las\nescasas oportunidades laborales, discriminaci\u00f3n y estigmatizaci\u00f3n hacia su identidad\nde g\u00e9nero, acept\u00f3 una propuesta de trabajo para realizar labores de limpieza en una finca.\n\n\nSe le indic\u00f3 que adem\u00e1s del salario, tendr\u00eda el beneficio de vivir en el lugar de trabajo sin\nnecesidad de pagar canon de arrendamiento ni servicios b\u00e1sicos. Una vez all\u00ed, el encargado\nde la finca retuvo su documentaci\u00f3n y fue obligada a realizar los trabajos de limpieza\nsin recibir paga alguna, \u00fanicamente alimentaci\u00f3n e insumos de higiene personal.\n\n\nDurante 03 meses, Mar\u00eda fue v\u00edctima de explotaci\u00f3n sexual por los trabajadores de la finca\ny otras personas que llegaban al lugar, hasta que una persona la ayud\u00f3 a recuperar\nsu documento de identidad y a escapar, en compa\u00f1\u00eda de 11 personas, todas de nacionalidad\nvenezolana, que se encontraban en su misma situaci\u00f3n. Este grupo sali\u00f3 de Medell\u00edn,\navanzando hasta Barranquilla, continuando su camino a pie desde Barranquilla hasta Maicao.\nEn la ruta, Mar\u00eda fue agredida por parte de un Grupo Armado no Estatal - GANE,\nlogrando llegar hasta la localidad de Paraguach\u00f3n, fue identificada por personal de C\u00e1ritas\ntraslad\u00e1ndola hasta la Casa de Paso, donde recibi\u00f3 atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y alojamiento temporal.\nDRC, a trav\u00e9s del seguimiento del caso ha constado que Mar\u00eda se encuentra segura\nen su lugar de origen.\n\n\n16 El nombre de la persona de inter\u00e9s fue cambiado por razones de seguridad.\n\n\n\nUno de los retos que pueden observarse de las asistencias a personas v\u00edctimas\nde trata, es el plan de salida de los programas existentes y el enlace con programas\nde reintegraci\u00f3n a sus vidas normales, ya que luego de atravesar una situaci\u00f3n\nen la que han sido sometidas a violencia y explotaci\u00f3n, es necesario una atenci\u00f3n\nque tienda a brindar no solo su protecci\u00f3n (entendi\u00e9ndola como todas las acciones\ntendientes a restituir los derechos de la persona afectada y su dignidad), sino enlazar\nestas acciones con programas que puedan apoyarles a su reintegraci\u00f3n en la comunidad\ncon un enfoque de empoderamiento econ\u00f3mico.\n\n\n## **_16_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Casas de paso, un refugio seguro donde inicia el proceso de restauraci\u00f3n**\n\n\nDesde sus inicios, Tinta Violeta ha reconocido la necesidad de establecer entornos seguros\ndestinados a proporcionar protecci\u00f3n y seguridad a mujeres sobrevivientes de trata. Asimismo,\nha comprendido que la atenci\u00f3n especializada, marcada por una escucha activa y un\nacompa\u00f1amiento amoroso, es fundamental para crear las condiciones propicias\nque favorezcan la recuperaci\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de estas mujeres.\n\n\nLas casas de paso, al brindar un entorno seguro y de apoyo, juegan un papel crucial en este\nproceso, permitiendo a las mujeres recuperar el control sobre sus vidas y proporcion\u00e1ndoles\nlas herramientas necesarias para construir un futuro libre de explotaci\u00f3n y de abuso.\n\n\nActualmente Tinta Violeta cuenta con 3 casas de paso que se inscriben en esta misi\u00f3n.\nEl equipo encargado de la atenci\u00f3n, comprometido y dedicado, asume esta tarea\ncon responsabilidad y entrega.\n\n\nEsta breve entrevista destaca la importancia de las casas de paso y su contribuci\u00f3n\nen la lucha contra el flagelo de la trata de personas.\n\n\nEl equipo que hace parte de la atenci\u00f3n que se brinda, asume con compromiso y dedicaci\u00f3n\nesta tarea.\n\n\n**1) \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el aporte que desempe\u00f1an las casas de paso en la atenci\u00f3n de mujeres**\n**v\u00edctimas de trata?**\n\n\nEn un principio, las casas de paso representan para las sobrevivientes de trata de personas\nun refugio seguro donde se inicia el proceso de restauraci\u00f3n integral tras haber experimentado\nuna de las formas m\u00e1s atroces de violencia de g\u00e9nero, como lo es la trata de personas.\n\n\nEstos espacios ofrecen condiciones de seguridad y confidencialidad que permiten a la sobreviviente\ncomenzar a abordar y superar las secuelas de esta experiencia traum\u00e1tica. Adem\u00e1s, proporcionan\nun ambiente donde se siente protegida tras su rescate o escape de las redes de trata,\ncontrarrestando as\u00ed el control y la vigilancia a los que estuvo sometida anteriormente.\n\n\n\n**2) \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los servicios y apoyos m\u00e1s relevantes que las casas de paso pueden**\n**ofrecer a las mujeres v\u00edctimas de trata?**\n\n\nEstos espacios ofrecen alojamiento en condiciones dignas y seguras, as\u00ed como atenci\u00f3n\nintegral a las necesidades b\u00e1sicas, que incluye alimentaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica, suministro\nde vestimenta y productos de higiene.\n\n\nEs crucial destacar que estas mujeres necesitan una atenci\u00f3n especializada en cuanto\na su salud mental. Por ende, los tratamientos y terapias psicol\u00f3gicas y/o psiqui\u00e1tricas\nson componentes esenciales del cuidado hacia la sobreviviente. En la mayor\u00eda de los casos,\nlas mujeres experimentan cuadros de ansiedad, depresi\u00f3n e incluso ideaci\u00f3n suicida, adem\u00e1s\nde brotes psic\u00f3ticos. Estos problemas mentales se suman a s\u00edntomas f\u00edsicos como la p\u00e9rdida\nde peso, anemias y complicaciones ginecol\u00f3gicas.\n\n\n**3) \u00bfC\u00f3mo pueden las casas de abrigo y la atenci\u00f3n que se les brinda ayudar**\n**a las mujeres a recuperarse del trauma y reconstruir sus vidas despu\u00e9s**\n**de ser v\u00edctimas de trata?**\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s de la atenci\u00f3n integral antes mencionada, nos distinguimos por trabajar\ndesde la filosof\u00eda del acompa\u00f1amiento amoroso. Nuestras acompa\u00f1antes colaboran\ncon las sobrevivientes para crear planes de intervenci\u00f3n semanales, abordando no solo sus\nnecesidades m\u00e9dicas y legales, sino tambi\u00e9n proporcionando herramientas de capacitaci\u00f3n\ncon un enfoque de g\u00e9nero. Estas herramientas les permiten comprender su experiencia\ncomo parte de la cultura patriarcal que comercializa el cuerpo de las mujeres y las somete\na la explotaci\u00f3n sexual.\n\n\nEste ambiente facilita una reflexi\u00f3n profunda sobre s\u00ed mismas, la eliminaci\u00f3n de la culpa\ny la explotaci\u00f3n de nuevas formas de relacionarse y emprender.\n\n\n## **_17_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4) \u00bfQu\u00e9 mejoras o recursos adicionales crees que son necesarios para fortalecer**\n**el trabajo que se realiza en las casas de paso en ese \u00e1mbito?**\n\n\nEn el \u00e1mbito de la seguridad existen algunos vac\u00edos como la falta de inversi\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00eda\nde videovigilancia dise\u00f1ada para supervisar diversidad de ambientes y actividades y veh\u00edculo\npropio para traslados expeditos, esto en relaci\u00f3n a la casa de paso.\n\n\nCon relaci\u00f3n a la usuaria sigue existiendo una dificultad en torno a garantizar que la\nsobreviviente pueda transformar sus medios de vida, ya que la mayor\u00eda de ellas no cuentan\ncon oportunidades acad\u00e9micas, laborales o de cambiar de espacio geogr\u00e1fico. Este desaf\u00edo\nde sostenibilidad econ\u00f3mica las hace m\u00e1s vulnerables a ser captadas nuevamente por redes\nde trata o seguir viendo en el trabajo sexual una forma de sustento econ\u00f3mico.\n\n\n\n**5) \u00bfQu\u00e9 mensaje o consejo le dar\u00edas a quienes desean involucrarse en la lucha**\n**contra la trata de personas?**\n\n\nCapacitarse permanentemente en el \u00e1rea de prevenci\u00f3n de trata de personas, ejercitar\nla comprensi\u00f3n sin juicio ya que muchas veces podemos hacer una acci\u00f3n con da\u00f1o.\n\n\n_Entrevista realizada a tres integrantes_\n_de las Casas de Paso de Tinta Violeta_\n_**Maureen Riveros**_\n\n\n\n_Tinta Violeta (2024)_ _Tinta Violeta (2024)_\n\n\n## **_18_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Esta secci\u00f3n pretende proporcionar a las personas lectoras de una lista de recursos adicionales,\ncomo organizaciones de ayuda, l\u00edneas directas de denuncia, sitios web gubernamentales\nrelevantes y materiales educativos, de las organizaciones miembros del GTTdP, as\u00ed como\nde otras organizaciones relevantes a nivel mundial que puedan servir a fortalecer la respuesta\na la tratade personas en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\n**Cl\u00faster Global de Protecci\u00f3n:** El CGP estableci\u00f3 el Equipo de Tareas sobre la lucha\ncontra la trata de personas en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria (Antitrafficking Task Team) a mediados\nde 2017 como una entidad con plazos determinados para hacer un balance de la labor de\nlucha contra la trata realizada a trav\u00e9s de los grupos tem\u00e1ticos; para reunir buenas pr\u00e1cticas;\ny elaborar directrices para hacer frente a la trata en las respuestas humanitarias en entornos\nde desplazados internos.\n\n\nEl Equipo de Tareas est\u00e1 dirigido conjuntamente por la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para\nlas Migraciones (OIM) y el ACNUR la Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados.\nPara encontrar m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre este Task Team y los recursos disponibles, consulta\nel siguiente enlace _**:**_ _https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/issues/anti_trafficking_\n\n\n**OIM:** El E-Campus de la OIM es la plataforma de aprendizaje desarrollada\npor la Organizaci\u00f3n para audiencias externas. Es un espacio gratuito y virtual con cursos\nen l\u00ednea y materiales de capacitaci\u00f3n sobre migraci\u00f3n. Los cursos de E-Campus son\npreparados por expertos en temas que convergen con la migraci\u00f3n. Actualmente\nhay cursos en espa\u00f1ol, ingl\u00e9s, franc\u00e9s, italiano y \u00e1rabe.\n\n\nE-Campus es una plataforma ideal para fortalecer el conocimiento de los profesionales\nde la migraci\u00f3n, los funcionarios p\u00fablicos, la sociedad civil, el sector privado, los estudiantes,\nlos acad\u00e9micos y cualquier persona interesada en asuntos relacionados con la migraci\u00f3n.\nCompletar cada curso toma un promedio de 03 horas y una vez completado,\nla OIM entrega un certificado de logro.\n\n\nPara inscribirse y conocer m\u00e1s de la oferta de E-Campus de la OIM en materia de trata de\npersonas, ingresa al siguiente enlace: _https://www.ecampus.iom.int/course/index.php?categoryid=4_\n\n\n\n**ACNUR:** Si te interesa conocer y profundizar sobre la relaci\u00f3n entre la trata de\npersonas y la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, ve al siguiente enlace: _https://www.acnur.org/me-_\n_dia/la-trata-de-personas-y-la-condicion-de-refugiado_\n\n\n**COOPI:** Para aprender de forma interactiva y amigable sobre trata de personas, as\u00ed\ncomo escuchar podcast con expertos en la materia, accede a la p\u00e1gina del consorcio\nCONAHVE, a trav\u00e9s del siguiente enlace: _https://conahve.org_\n\n\n## **_19_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Nombres, logos, descripci\u00f3n, contactos**_\n\n\n**COOPI - Cooperazione Internazionale,** es una organizaci\u00f3n humanitaria fundada en\n1965 en Mil\u00e1n, Italia. Actualmente, COOPI est\u00e1 presente en 33 pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica, Oriente\nMedio, Am\u00e9rica Latina y Caribe, con m\u00e1s de 241 proyectos de asistencia humanitaria que\nalcanzan alrededor de 6 M de personas. Desde 2019, COOPI establece una presencia en\nVenezuela para asistir a la poblaci\u00f3n local tras el agravamiento de la crisis socioecon\u00f3mica\ndel pa\u00eds. En estos a\u00f1os COOPI ha ampliado sus intervenciones y actualmente ejecuta\nproyectos con diferentes donantes en Distrito Capital, Miranda, Sucre, Delta Amacuro y\nBol\u00edvar en Protecci\u00f3n (VBG, Protecci\u00f3n NNA y Trata de Personas), WASH, Alojamiento,\nSeguridad Alimentaria, Medios de Vida y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.\n\n\nMariarita Ceccaroni\n**Coordinadora Pa\u00eds Venezuela**\n_coord.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n\n**HIAS Venezuela,** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil que brinda atenci\u00f3n a las Personas en Necesidad\nde Protecci\u00f3n Internacional y poblaci\u00f3n local vulnerable, desarrollando las capacidades\nindividuales y locales en comunidades de acogida con el fin de fomentar su autosuficiencia\ny empoderamiento, promover el acceso a derechos y construir un mundo en el que\nencuentren acogimiento, justicia y empat\u00eda.\n\n\nRRSS: _@hiasenvenezuela_\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 3147366\n\n\n\nOlga Cede\u00f1o\n**Oficial de Trata de Personas**\n_trata.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo, A.C.,** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil sin fines de lucro, feminista, dedicada a la investigaci\u00f3n,\nasesoramiento, sensibilizaci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento en materia de\nmovilidad humana en contextos seguros, prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero,\nhaciendo \u00e9nfasis en las desapariciones, trata y explotaci\u00f3n de personas, con enfoque en\nderechos humanos, g\u00e9nero e interseccional de forma transversal a todas las acciones.\nForman parte de la RED NARANJA, Grupo de Trabajo contra la Esclavitud Moderna\nde Venezuela (GTEM Venezuela), Organizaciones Unidas contra la Trata y todo tipo de\nViolencias (OUTRAV), Red de Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil que Brindan Asesor\u00eda y\nRepresentaci\u00f3n Jur\u00eddica a V\u00edctimas de la Trata de Personas y otras Formas de Explotaci\u00f3n\nen Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (RED-LACTRA).\n\n\nReina Baiz Villafranca\n**Directora Ejecutiva**\n_exodo.ac.vzla@gmail.com_\n**Instagram:** @exodoac\n**Twitter:** @exodoac\n**L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n:** (0412) 885.42.81\n\n\n\n**Tinta Violeta,** es una Organizaci\u00f3n Feminista Aut\u00f3noma que existe bajo la figura legal\nde Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Sin Fines de Lucro desde octubre de 2012, tiene por objeto la\ninvestigaci\u00f3n, estudio, promoci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n, acci\u00f3n, organizaci\u00f3n y defensa de los\nDerechos Humanos de las mujeres, las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes y las personas\nLGBTIQ+.\n\n\nNace de la necesidad de transformar la realidad cultural y estructural adversa para\nestas personas en nuestro pa\u00eds. Ha centrado su acci\u00f3n en el acompa\u00f1amiento amoroso, la prevenci\u00f3n y el fortalecimiento de capacidades de actores del Estado, de las\ncomunidades y organizaciones sociales para dar respuesta a la violencia de g\u00e9nero y\ncontra las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes.\n\n\nCon alcance nacional a trav\u00e9s de organizaciones aliadas en los territorios, lidera la Red\nde Acompa\u00f1amiento Territorial, est\u00e1 en constante crecimiento y act\u00faa en 18 estados\ndel pa\u00eds. Ha sabido hacerse de un espacio en el espectro de organizaciones que dan\nrespuesta integral a las necesidades de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes en\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\n\n## **_20_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "feministas y de mujeres, as\u00ed como de todos los sectores del Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria\nimplementado por la ONU en Venezuela en concordancia con el Estado Venezolano.\n\n\nDaniella Inojosa\n**Directora General**\n_direccion.general@entintavioleta.com_\n(0412) 3426228\n\nMarguellis Marcano\n**Coord. de Gesti\u00f3n de Casos**\n_evaluacionvbgtintavioleta@gmail.com_\n(0414) 2175797\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 6924062\n(0412) 6924020\n(0412) 6924073\n(0412) 6924004\n\n\n**El Centro de Estudios de Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos (CEDESEX),** es una\norganizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro creada en el a\u00f1o 2019, para la promoci\u00f3n, defensa y abogac\u00eda\npor una vida libre de violencias y discriminaciones por razones de g\u00e9nero, sexo u orientaci\u00f3n\nsexual, con miras a la garant\u00eda de los derechos sexuales y los derechos reproductivos,\nespecialmente de poblaciones en situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\n\nCorreo electr\u00f3nico\n_somos@cedesex.org._\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 3233985\n\n\n\n**Mulier,** es una organizaci\u00f3n de la sociedad civil dedicada desde 2016 a la promoci\u00f3n\ny defensa de los derechos de las mujeres. En la actualidad, desarrollamos programas para\ndocumentar y prevenir la trata de mujeres y ni\u00f1as venezolanas en contextos migratorios;\nproveer atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica gratuita para mujeres en situaciones de violencia de g\u00e9nero,\ny generar espacios de reflexi\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n y activismo feminista.\n\n\nEstefan\u00eda Mendoza\n**Coordinadora General**\n_feminismo.mulier@gmail.com_\n(0424) 6254125\n**RRSS:** _@muliervenezuela_\n\n\n**Uni\u00f3n Afirmativa de Venezuela (UNAF),** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil sin fines de lucro,\nfundada en el a\u00f1o 2000, que promueve el cumplimiento de los est\u00e1ndares internacionales\nde derechos humanos que protegen a las personas frente a la discriminaci\u00f3n por orientaci\u00f3n sexual, identidad o expresi\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nQuiteria Franco\n**Coordinadora General**\n_unionafirmativadevenezuela@gmail.com_\n(0424) 1249217\n**RRSS:** _@unionafirmativa_\n\n\n## **_21_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OIM - Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones,** es una organizaci\u00f3n\nintergubernamental l\u00edder que promueve la migraci\u00f3n humana y ordenada para beneficio\nde todos, con presencia en m\u00e1s de 100 pa\u00edses y con 174 Estados Miembros\ny forma parte del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en calidad de organizaci\u00f3n asociada.\nDesarrollamos, a trav\u00e9s de sus proyectos y programas, diversas actividades orientadas\na brindar asistencia y apoyo t\u00e9cnico en materia migratoria y derechos humanos\nen general, al gobierno, migrantes, OSC y otros socios. Nuestras \u00e1reas atienden\nprincipalmente a: emergencias humanitarias, asistencia al migrante y operaciones,\nlucha contra la trata de personas, y retorno voluntario y reintegraci\u00f3n. En Venezuela,\ntenemos presencia en los estados Amazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Distrito Capital,\nFalc\u00f3n, T\u00e1chira, Sucre y Zulia; apoyamos 9 centros de alojamiento temporal\ny 14 puntos m\u00f3viles para personas en movilidad y 4 puntos en terminales terrestres.\nPara contactarnos, puedes escribir al correo: _iomcaracas@iom.int._ Si quieres informaci\u00f3n\nde nuestras capacitaciones presenciales: _**formacionoim@iom.int.**_ Puedes participar\nen nuestros cursos virtuales (gratuitos y certificados) por la plataforma _E-Campus:_\n_www.ecampus.iom.int_\n\n\n\n**ACNUR- La agencia de la ONU para los refugiados,** es un organismo\nhumanitario y apol\u00edtico creado por la Asamblea General de la ONU en el a\u00f1o 1950.\nSu principal prop\u00f3sito es salvaguardar los derechos y el bienestar de las personas\nque se han visto obligadas a huir a otros pa\u00edses, as\u00ed como aquellos que no tienen\nnacionalidad. Junto con sus socios y las comunidades, ACNUR trabaja para asegurar\nque las personas refugiadas y ap\u00e1tridas logren una soluci\u00f3n duradera a su situaci\u00f3n,\ny que las personas con necesidades espec\u00edficas puedan tener acceso a derechos y servicios.\n\n\nLa Oficina del ACNUR abri\u00f3 sus puertas en Venezuela en 1990 por invitaci\u00f3n del\nGobierno venezolano y desde entonces promueve la integraci\u00f3n y empoderamiento\nde los refugiados y la poblaci\u00f3n de acogida, al mismo tiempo que brinda apoyo t\u00e9cnico\na las entidades del gobierno encargadas de determinar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\ny garantizar los derechos de las personas que requieren protecci\u00f3n internacional.\nACNUR tambi\u00e9n desarrolla acciones para prevenir y reducir los casos de apatridia.\n\n\nEn cooperaci\u00f3n con distintas instituciones y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, ACNUR\ntrabaja con las comunidades en la identificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n y asistencia a personas con\nnecesidades espec\u00edficas, con el objetivo de asegurar la supervivencia y el bienestar de las\npersonas m\u00e1s vulnerables, mejorando su acceso a bienes y servicios esenciales con un\nenfoque basado en los derechos. Actualmente, en respuesta a la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria,\nACNUR lidera los Cl\u00fasteres de Protecci\u00f3n y Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres.\n\n\nACNUR tiene sede principal en Caracas y cinco oficinas de terreno en Caracas,\nSan Crist\u00f3bal (estado T\u00e1chira), Maracaibo, (estado Zulia), Guasdualito (estado Apure)\ny Ciudad Guayana (estado Bol\u00edvar).\n\n\n## **_22_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**El Fondo de Poblaci\u00f3n de Naciones Unidas (UNFPA),** es la agencia de las Naciones\nUnidas para la salud sexual y reproductiva y la lucha contra la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.\nNuestra misi\u00f3n es lograr un mundo en el que todos los embarazos sean deseados,\ntodos los partos sean seguros y todas las personas j\u00f3venes alcancen su pleno potencial.\nPromovemos la igualdad de g\u00e9nero y capacitamos a mujeres, ni\u00f1as y j\u00f3venes para\nque tomen el control de sus cuerpos y su futuro. Nuestro objetivo es acabar para 2030\ncon la necesidad insatisfecha de planificaci\u00f3n familiar, la mortalidad materna evitable,\nla violencia de g\u00e9nero y las pr\u00e1cticas nocivas, como el matrimonio infantil\ny la mutilaci\u00f3n genital femenina.\n\n\nDesde que el UNFPA inici\u00f3 sus actividades en 1969, el n\u00famero y la tasa de mujeres\nque mueren por complicaciones relacionadas con el embarazo o el parto se han reducido\na la mitad. Las familias son m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y m\u00e1s sanas. Las y los j\u00f3venes est\u00e1n m\u00e1s\nempoderados y cuentan con mayores oportunidades. Trabajamos con socios e instituciones\nen m\u00e1s de 150 pa\u00edses para proporcionar acceso a una amplia gama de servicios\nde salud sexual y reproductiva y de respuesta a la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nEn Venezuela, UNFPA inici\u00f3 sus actividades en 2003, cumpliendo este a\u00f1o 20 a\u00f1os\nde apoyo a mujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as en el acceso a la salud sexual y reproductiva.\nEn el marco de la respuesta humanitaria establecida en el pa\u00eds, UNFPA lidera el \u00c1rea\nde Responsabilidad de Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero (AdR VbG) y cuenta con intervenciones\nen emergencia en Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.\nActualmente tiene sede principal en Caracas y acciones en m\u00e1s de 10 estados del pa\u00eds.\nPuede contactarnos a trav\u00e9s de la red social instagram a _**@unfpa_venezuela**_\n\n\n\n**El Consejo Dan\u00e9s para RefugiadosRefugiados** _**(DRC - por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s)**_ **,** es una\norganizaci\u00f3n trabaja en m\u00e1s de 40 pa\u00edses en el mundo para proporcionar asistencia humanitaria\ny soluciones duraderas con un enfoque basado en derechos para los refugiados, solicitantes\nde asilo, desplazados internos, retornados, migrantes, y comunidades de acogida. DRC fue\nfundado en 1956 en Dinamarca y desde entonces la organizaci\u00f3n lleva a cabo programas\nnacionales y regionales enfocados en Protecci\u00f3n, asistencia humanitaria y soluciones\nduraderas (incluyendo desminado humanitario y construcci\u00f3n de la paz \u2013 Peacebuilding)\npara las personas de inter\u00e9s. En Venezuela, DRC inici\u00f3 sus operaciones de asistencia\nen el a\u00f1o 2019 en Caracas DC y - desde el a\u00f1o 2022 - opera en los estados Sucre, Apure\ny Zulia implementando sus programas directamente y en cooperaci\u00f3n con organizaciones\nnacionales. Los principales sectores de intervenci\u00f3n de DRC en Venezuela son: Protecci\u00f3n\ny Recuperaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica (asistencia para satisfacer necesidades b\u00e1sicas de las personas\nde inter\u00e9s, seguridad alimentaria, y medios de vida).\n\n\nPablo Castro\n**Director Pa\u00eds**\n_pablo.castro@drc.ngo_\n\n\nLilia Granja S\n**Coordinadora Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n**\n_lilia.granja@drc.ngo_\n\n\n## **_23_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CESVI,** es una ONG internacional, laica e independiente fundada en Italia en 1985 que\ntrabaja por la solidaridad mundial y el ideal de la justicia social a trav\u00e9s de acciones humanitarias\nde desarrollo. El mismo nombre CESVI, Cooperazione e Sviluppo (Cooperaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo),\nexpresa su filosof\u00eda de acci\u00f3n, basada en la promoci\u00f3n del protagonismo de sus beneficiarios\nen favor de su propio progreso, con el fin de que la ayuda internacional no se reduzca a una\nacci\u00f3n ben\u00e9fica moment\u00e1nea, sino que promueva un aut\u00e9ntico desarrollo sostenible de las\npoblaciones m\u00e1s necesitadas.\n\n\nDesde el a\u00f1o 2019, CESVI ha ejecutado (04) proyectos en el pa\u00eds, enfoc\u00e1ndose en los\nestados: Distrito Capital, Miranda, Falc\u00f3n, Zulia, Sucre y Amazonas, dirigidos a personas en\nriesgo de protecci\u00f3n, mujeres sobrevivientes de VBG y v\u00edctimas de Trata de personas,\ny restituci\u00f3n de derechos de ni\u00f1ez.\n\n\nMaikely Ferrer\n**Gerente T\u00e9cnica de Casas de Paso**\n_cpcoordinaciongeneral@cesvioverseas.org_\n\n\nBel\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez\n**Especialista en Protecci\u00f3n**\n_protectionexpert_ven@cesvioverseas.org_\n\n\n\n**El Comit\u00e9 Internacional de Rescate (IRC),** es una ONG creada por iniciativa de Albert\nEinstein en 1933, cuya misi\u00f3n ayudar a las personas cuyas vidas y medios de subsistencia se\nven destruidos por conflictos y desastres a sobrevivir, recuperarse y tomar el control de su\nfuturo, por medio de, la implementaci\u00f3n de programas rentables y de alto impacto para las\npersonas afectadas por crisis, y utilizando nuestro aprendizaje y experiencia para dar forma\na pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas. Actualmente trabajamos en m\u00e1s de 40 pa\u00edses y 26 ciudades de EE.\nUU. en temas de reasentamiento de refugiados y autosuficiencia.\n\n\nEn Venezuela el IRC actualmente tiene una implementaci\u00f3n 100% por medio de socios,\nen los estados de T\u00e1chira, Apure, Zulia, Lara y Falc\u00f3n. Los programas que ejecuta son:\nSalud, Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Protecci\u00f3n y Empoderamiento de la Mujer, Seguridad\nalimentaria y Medios de Vida y Educaci\u00f3n. Adicionalmente, como eje transversal se tiene\nel componente de Movilizaci\u00f3n comunitaria que contribuye al acercamiento de los servicios\nde IRC y sus socios a los grupos poblacionales m\u00e1s vulnerables, a trav\u00e9s de la actualizaci\u00f3n\ndel contexto comunitario, identificaci\u00f3n de comunidades y grupos priorizados, incluidas\nlas partes interesadas presentes en el territorio, oferta de servicios, identificaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nGina Sanchez\n**Direcci\u00f3n de Programas**\n_gina.sanchez@rescue.org_\n\n\nMar\u00eda Daniela A\u00f1ez\n**Gerente de Protecci\u00f3n**\n_daniela.anez@rescue.org_\n\n\n## **_24_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/182652ae-1c94-4b81-811e-bf1d0c25e8a9/Bolet%C3%ADn%20de%20Trata%20de%20Personas%20del%20GTTdP%20diciembre%202023%20-%20marzo%202024%20-%20un%20Enfoque%20Renovado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_258/raw/doc_258_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_258/raw/doc_258_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d0e8b8559c2f5c55c16e9d29a14e9d6510c16dc5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_258/raw/doc_258_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,607 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **What does the evidence say about IDPs in Colombia?** **Evidence Bulletin # 1** **1st semester- 2023** **The purpose**\n\nWhat have been the dynamics of internal displacement in Colombia and the main policy lessons that can be drawn from\nmore than 20 years of history?\n\n\nThis document aims to explore these questions by reviewing the paper _**Promoting recovery and resilience for**_\n_**internally displaced persons: lessons from Colombia (2022)**_ written by Ana Mar\u00eda Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Andr\u00e9s Moya, and Andrea\nVel\u00e1squez (Part 1). The discussion will be complemented using the PDETs Population Triage developed by the National\nStatistics Office (DANE) to delve deeper in the contexts of regions that historically have been the most affected by the\nconflict (Part 2). **It is expected that this discussion about academic research can be used for operational purposes**\n**by UNHCR, following an evidence-based approach that enhances the response to the needs of Internally**\n**Displaced Persons (IDPs).**\n\n### **Key Messages**\n\n\n\n**1.** The legal framework in Colombia is considered one\nof the most progressive and comprehensive in the\nworld and has made progress in assisting IDPs.\nHowever, 62% of IDPs remain vulnerable as of 2021,\naccording to the Victims Unit, which calls for more\nefforts to be put into overcoming vulnerability,\nimproving the living conditions, and promoting\nsolutions for IDPs.\n\n\n**2.** The evidence suggests that internal displacement\ncauses permanent shocks in monetary and\nnon-monetary dimensions, which must be addressed.\nIDPs, on average, recover only 40% of income and 70%\nof consumption after a year of being forcibly displaced,\ncontributing to the persistence of vulnerability over\ntime. The permanent shock can be attributed to the loss\nof support networks, difficulty in finding formal jobs that\nmatch their skills, deteriorated mental health due to the\nviolence, increased protection risks and incidents\nsuffered (Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\n**3.** Complementary poverty measures (monetary and\nmultidimensional) show that IDPs have historically\npresented higher poverty rates than the national\naverage, doubling by 2020 (18% of non-IDP households\n\n\n\nare affected by multidimensional poverty, compared to\n33% of households in regions with large share of IDPs PDET territories). IDP households also face more\ndeprivations than non-IDP households:\n\n\n - A larger proportion of IDP households have low\neducational achievement.\n\n - Educational underachievement and nonattendance are higher for IDP households.\n\n - A larger portion of IDP households lack access\nto formal employment (no guarantee of social\nprotection or income stability).\n\n - Improving housing conditions, access to clean\nwater sources and adequate sewerage is\ncritical for IDP households, as this dimension\nhas the most significant gaps compared to\nnon-IDPs.\n\n\n**4.** Public policies and the response of international\norganizations should focus on breaking the vicious\ncycle of the negative impact of forced displacement, as\nwell as the repercussions of different generations.\n\n\n\n*The boundaries, names shown, articles reviewed, and the designations used on this document do not imply official\nendorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 1: Overview of the issue and review of the paper\n\n## **Part 1:** **Overview of the issue and review of the paper**\n\n\n\n**Global Forced Displacement Trends**\nBy 27 October 2022, more than **103 million** people were\nforcibly displaced, a number that has doubled in the past\ndecade (Global Trends UNHCR, 2023). People were\nforced to flee because of persecution, conflict, violence,\nhuman rights violations, or events seriously disturbing\npublic order. Among them, **53.2 million are IDPs** (IDMC,\n2021), **32.5 million are refugees, 4.9 million are**\n**asylum-seekers and 5.3 million correspond to other**\n**people in need of international protection**, mainly\nVenezuelan refugees and migrants (UNHCR, 2023).\nHowever, as pointed out by Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez\n(2022), the global refugee crisis is also a crisis of\ninternally displaced persons. **IDPs account for more**\n**than 50%** of the total number of forcibly displaced\npeople worldwide. The increase in internal displacement\nhas led governments, international agencies, and donors\nto focus on developing legal and policy frameworks that\nseek to provide durable solutions that protect and\npromote livelihood opportunities for the internally\ndisplaced population (Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya & Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\n**IDPs trends in Colombia**\n**According to the Global Trends, by the end of 2022**\n**Colombia was the second country with the largest**\n**internally displaced population in the world.** According\nto the Victims Unit, there are 9,423,138 historical\ncumulative victims of the armed conflict, with **89%**\n**(8,391,662) being victims of forced displacement** (6.8\nmillion still in need of assistance) (accessed March 10,\n2023). IDPs in Colombia make up 16.2% of the Colombian\n\n**Figure 1 |** IDPs in Colombia 2005-2022\n\n\n500000\n\n\n400000\n\n\n300000\n\n\n200000\n\n\n100000\n\n\n\npopulation and 15.7% of IDPs worldwide (Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya\nand Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\n**IDPs include women and men, as well as LGBTIQ+**\n**people.** Although there was a decrease in the number of\nIDPs between 2005 and 2022, with an average of\n151,750 IDPs per year after the 2016 Peace Agreement\ncompared to 350,042 before 2016, there was a\nsignificant increase in internal displacement between\n2020 and 2021 due to the intensification of violence\n(Figure 1). The power vacuum in areas previously\ncontrolled by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of\nColombia (FARC) has also contributed to the increase.\n\n\nIn an effort to understand the dynamics of internal\ndisplacement in Colombia, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez\n(2022) provide two conceptual categories:\n\n\n**\u2022** **Reactive:** People are forced to flee when they are\nexposed directly to violence. Multiple sources of\nviolence contribute to this type of forced\ndisplacement: threats, homicides, forced\ndisappearances, kidnappings, confrontation between\narmed groups and massacres. It is the main driver of\ninternal displacement in Colombia, accounting for\n87% of all internal displacement since 2004 (Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez,\n2008, as cited in, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez,\n2022).\n\n\n**\u2022** **Preventive:** People are forced to flee to avoid\nvictimization that has not yet occurred.\n\n\n\nPeace Agreement\n\n\n\nLGBTIQ+ diverse\n\n\nWomen\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2005 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022\n\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the National Victims Unit,\n[retrieved from https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/reportes in December 2022.](https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/reportes)\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 1: Overview of the issue and review of the paper\n\n\n**What can we say about the consequences of forced displacement in IDPs**\n**in Colombia by considering this conceptual framework?**\n\n\n\nThe consequences of forced displacement on IDPs are\nnot homogenous and depend on both socioeconomic\nand context factors, such as historical violence in some\nregions of the country. The study highlights three key\naspects:\n\n\n**1.** **The negative impact on IDPs well-being is smaller**\n**for households who have displaced preventively**\n**than those displaced reactively.** Why? One\nplausible explanation is that these households are\nbetter able to prepare when they are forced to flee,\nallowing them to protect their assets and to reach out\nto their social networks.\n**2.** **The decision to flee is made at the household**\n**level, therefore most IDPs see displacement as a**\n**permanent decision.** Also, in the majority of the\ncases, all family members move together.\nFurthermore, half of the time families stay within the\nsame department and in 18% of the cases within the\nsame municipality.\n**3.** **In contrast to other contexts, internal displacement**\n**in Colombia has mostly occurred in small groups**\n\n\n\n**rather than massively.** By 2007, an estimated of 80%\nof internal displacement occurred by one or a handful\nof households that settle in the outskirts of urban\nareas.\n\n\nBesides, over the past two decades, internal\ndisplacement has seen an increase both in terms of the\nnumber of affected individuals and its geographical\nreach. In the 1990s, only 3% of municipalities had\nexperienced forced displacement. However, by 2020,\nthis phenomenon had touched every single municipality\n(Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\nFurthermore, approximately 44% of internal forced\ndisplacement is concentrated in 5 departments: Antioquia\n(18.6%), Bolivar (8.0%), Nari\u00f1o (6.2%), Valle del Cauca\n(5.9%), and Magdalena (5.8%) (Figure 2). The strategic\nlocation of these areas and the confluence of many\nirregular armed actors (guerillas, paramilitary groups,\ncriminal gangs, among others) that fight for the control of\nthe territory explain their exposure to violence.\n\n\n\n**Figure 2 |** Geographic distribution of forced displacement in Colombia. 1985-2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**High-level demographics of IDPs**\n\nThe demographic composition of IDPs shows that both\nwomen and men are recognized as victims in similar\nproportions, with 48.6% being women, 51.4% being men,\nand 0.1% belonging to the LGTBIQ+ community. (Figure 3).\n\n\nMoreover, IDPs are primarily of working age, with 7 out\nof 10 being in this category, and both women and men\npresenting similar composition. Internal displacement\nforces people to abandon their livelihoods, mostly\nagriculture, and reduces their opportunities to utilize\ntheir capacities.\n\n\n\nPart 1: Overview of the issue and review of the paper\n\n\nThe transition from rural to urban areas accelerates the\ndeterioration of their conditions as they are forced to flee\nto locations in which it is more difficult to find employment\n(Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\nChildren and older people account for 30% of IDPs,\npointing to the need for comprehensive policy\nframeworks that guarantee their protection. In particular,\n2 out of 10 IDPs were aged 18 or below, and 1 out of 10\nwere older than 60 years (National Victims Unit, 2023).\n\n\n\n**Figure 3 |** Forcibly displaced persons in Colombia. Gender, age.\n\n\nNo Data\n\n\n\n\n - 61\n\n\n29 - 60\n\n\n18 - 28\n\n\n12 - 17\n\n\n6 - 11\n\n\n<5\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\nWomen\n\n\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|38%
26%|Col2|11%|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|26%
38%|26%
38%|11%|11%||||||\n|26%
38%|||||||||\n|26%
38%|||||||||\n|26%
38%||2%
9%
13%|||||||\n|26%
38%||2%
9%
13%|||||||\n|26%
38%||2%
9%
13%|||||||\n\n\n\n2000000 1000000 0 1000000 2000000\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the National Victims Unit, retrieved from https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/reportes\nin December 2022.\n\n\n\n**Other characteristics of IDPs in Colombia**\nEvidence examining differences between IDPs and other\nsocioeconomic vulnerable groups (urban poor, rural poor\nand urban homeless) in Colombia suggests that they face\nsimilar conditions as these groups. According to Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez,\nMoya and Vel\u00e1squez (2022), IDP households are large\n(more than 4 members), have a high proportion of\ndependents, have female household heads and have\n\n**Table 1 |** Characteristics of IDPs in Colombia\n\n\n\nlow educational attainment (Table 1). On the other hand,\nthe incidence of internal displacement on ethnic\nminorities is higher, with a particularly disproportionate\nimpact of the conflict on indigenous and Afro-Colombian\npopulations, accounting for 21%, ten percentage points\nmore than the other groups.\n\n\n\n**Source:** Table is taken from-. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A. M., Moya, A., & Vel\u00e1squez, A. (2022). Promoting recovery and resilience for internally displaced persons: lessons from Colombia.\nOxford Review of Economic Policy, 38(3), p. 602.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data from the National Victims Unit", - "confidence": 0.7934659719467163, - "start": 490, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit", - "confidence": 0.9830248355865479, - "start": 481, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "National Victims Unit", - "confidence": 0.5572330355644226, - "start": 493, - "end": 496 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.8123931288719177, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.892781138420105, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.780063271522522, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Consequences of Internal Displacement**\n**Poverty**\nIDPs have historically had high poverty rates, more than\ndoubling the national average before 2013 (when it was\nat its peak). Despite the lack of recent poverty estimates\nfor IDPs, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya & Vel\u00e1squez (2022) use different\nsources to illustrate IDP poverty levels in the past (Figure\n4). The situation is largely explained by the lack of\nintegration on local and regional value chains, the\npresence of illicit economies, the absence of the State\nand violence.\n\n\n\nPart 1: Overview of the issue and review of the paper\n\n\nHowever, the gap has been closing. In 2005, around 9\nout of 10 IDPs were poor compared to 5 out of 10 for the\nnational average, while the latest estimate (2014)\nsuggests that it decreased to approximately 6 out of 10\nIDPs. This is also true for extreme poverty, which declined\nfrom approximately 75% to less than 40% in the period\nbetween 2005 to 2014. As highlighted by the authors, the\nmeasures adopted by the State (Victims Law, for instance)\nhave contributed to improving the conditions of IDPs, yet\nthere is still much to do1. More recent estimations from\nthe National Victims Unit (2021) suggest that 62% of IDPs\nare still vulnerable.\n\n\n\n**Figure 4 |** Poverty and extreme poverty rates- IDPs vs national averages\n\n\n**Source:** Figure is taken from-. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A. M., Moya, A., & Vel\u00e1squez, A. (2022). Promoting recovery and resilience for internally displaced persons: lessons from Colombia.\nOxford Review of Economic Policy, 38(3), p. 607. Figure 4 shows the evolution of poverty and extreme poverty rates from 2002 to 2020, comparing the national average\nvs IDPs. The footnote of Figure 4 shows the sources and official statistical pages of DANE, where the authors obtained the information to construct the graph.\n\n\n1 In 2004, the Constitutional Court declared the existence of an Unconstitutional State of Affairs (ECI by its Spanish acronym) in the area of forced displacement, as a\nconsequence of the serious, massive and systematic violation of the fundamental rights of IDPs (Ruling T-025 of 2004). This led to the development of the Victims Law\nand Land Restitution in 2011, which established measures for attention, assistance and comprehensive reparation to the victims of internal armed conflict. It recognizes\nthe rights of the victims to know the truth, to be repaired for the damage suffered also with physical and psychological support, to receive justice and to ensure the\nnon-repetition of those events. Despite the progress and the normative framework, it has been insufficient to protect and repair IDPs.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 1: Overview of the issue and review of the paper\n\n\n\n**Income and consumption shocks after internal displacement**\n\n\n\nEvidence suggests that the impact of internal\ndisplacement on the socio-economic situation of affected\npopulatons is a permanent negative shock. IDPs on\naverage recover only 40% of their pre-displacement\nincome, and 70% of pre-displacement consumption after\na year of being forcibly displaced. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and\nVel\u00e1squez (2022) create the evolution of average annual\nincome and consumption over the first year of internal\ndisplacement and estimate the impact of forced internal\ndisplacement (Figure 5). Three months after\ndisplacement, income losses are equivalent to 95% of\npre-displacement income. Consumption is estimated to\nhave less of a shock because IDPs receive humanitarian\naid from the state and other organizations.\n\n\n\ncapital, disrupting transitional support networks, and\nincreasing exposure to protection risks which often\nprompts them to resort to dangerous coping strategies\n(Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Moya and Vel\u00e1squez, 2022). These effects end\nup affecting their productive capacities due to the skills\nmismatch, reducing their possibilities to find a job.\nMoreover, it also affects their mental well-being,\nhampering their development opportunities (Iba\u00f1ez,\nMoya and Vel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\n\nOn the other hand, intergenerational analysis shows that\nviolence that leads to internal displacement hinders early\nchildhood development. It increases the likelihood of\nmalnourishment by 18 percentage points. Also, higher\nlevels of childhood trauma affect socioemotional and\ncognitive development (Becerra, 2014; Iba\u00f1ez, Moya and\nVel\u00e1squez, 2022).\n\n\n\nThe permanent shock is partially attributable to the fact\nthat a large proportion of IDPs transition from rural to\nurban areas during internal displacement, eroding social\n\n\n\n**Figure 5 |** Aggregate income and consumption before and after internal displacement\n\n**Income** **Consumption**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Source:** Figure is taken from-. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A. M., Moya, A., & Vel\u00e1squez, A. (2022). Promoting recovery and resilience for internally displaced persons: lessons from Colombia.\nOxford Review of Economic Policy, 38(3), p. 607.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 2: Multidimensional Poverty Analysis\n\n# **Part 2:** **Multidimensional Poverty Analysis**\n\n\n**What else can we learn from more recent estimates and other**\n**approaches that try to delve deeper in the living conditions of IDPs?**\n\nThe lack of updated poverty rates for IDPs led us to explore other sources to understand their living\nconditions. In an effort to tackle this question, in this section we explore the multidimensional poverty in\nspecific regions of the country called Regional Development Programs with a Territorial Approach (PDET) as\nthese territorioes are a good proxy to understand the dynamics in conflict-affected zones where internal\ndisplacement occurred.\n\n\n\n**What are the PDET?**\nPDET are a planning and management instrument\nimplemented by the Colombian government after the\nsigning of the 2016 Peace Agreement. It aims to promote\neconomic and social development in regions affected by\nthe armed conflict through the provision of infrastructure,\nservices, and opportunities in order to improve the living\nconditions of victims and host communities. PDETs\ninclude 170 municipalities in 19 departments grouped into\n16 subregions (Figure 6). The selection of PDET\nmunicipalities is based on a series of prioritized\ncharacteristics including historical poverty conditions,\nimpact by the conflict, presence of illicit economies\nand historical absence of the State. Therefore, we\nconsider PDET regions as good proxies to characterize\nthe living conditions of IDPs because a large share of\nIDPs live in these municipalities and, according to the\nVictims Unit, almost 80% of victims are victims of internal\nforced displacement.\n\n\n**Population Triage**\nThe Population Triage is a tool implemented by the\nNational Statistics Office (DANE) that presents\ndemographic and socioeconomic indicators for national\naggregate figures and PDET municipalities. It allows local\nauthorities, policymakers and citizens to have information\nregarding the characteristics of the population in a\ncomparative manner at the municipal, departmental, and\nnational levels. The primary objective is to provide\narea-based diagnostics that support (i) the policymaking\nprocess and (ii) the creation of strategies to improve the\nwell-being of IDPs and other conflict victims in alignment\nwith the 2030 SDGs Agenda. Likewise, the population\ntriage allows measuring multidimensional poverty in\nthese regions.\n\n\n\n**Description of the population in PDET regions**\n**(DANE, 2021)**\n\n\n- In 2022, in Colombia, there are 51.6 million\ninhabitants.\n\n\n- 6.6 million people live in PDET regions, 2.5 million of\nwhom are victims of the conflict (38%).\n\n\n- The proportion of women and men living in PDET\nmunicipalities is the same (50%).\n\n\n- The proportion of children under 15 years of age\nliving in PDET municipalities is 29%, while the\nnational average is 23%. Specifically, 96% of the\nPDET municipalities have a higher proportion of\npopulation under 15 years of age than the national\ntotal.\n\n\n- In PDET municipalities, 42.9% of the population\nresides in rural areas, which is significantly higher\nthan the national average of 23.8% living in rural\nzones.\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Triage", - "confidence": 0.7743664979934692, - "start": 291, - "end": 293 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "demographic and socioeconomic indicators", - "confidence": 0.5058746337890625, - "start": 312, - "end": 316 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "PDET\nmunicipalities", - "confidence": 0.5130938291549683, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6878170967102051, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\naggregate figures", - "confidence": 0.7138416171073914, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DANE", - "confidence": 0.6919400095939636, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "National Statistics Office", - "confidence": 0.7945320010185242, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6234501600265503, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6731688976287842, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Description of the population in PDET regions", - "confidence": 0.5302210450172424, - "start": 412, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DANE", - "confidence": 0.8446609973907471, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.5929685831069946, - "start": 435, - "end": 436 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6855908036231995, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.859489381313324, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 2: Multidimensional Poverty Analysis\n\n\n**Figure 6 |** Regions in Colombia with high numbers of IDPs that are prioritized for government development programs\n\n\nInitiative (OPHI) and is designed to complement traditional income-based poverty measures by providing a\nmore nuanced understanding of poverty and the specific deprivations that poor people experience. It is a\ncomplementary measure and by no means aims to replace monetary poverty. The MPI is calculated for\nPDETs in the Population Triage.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Part 2: Multidimensional Poverty Analysis\n\n### **Colombia MPI**\n\nThe MPI in Colombia is developed by the National Planning Department (DNP) and consists of 5 dimensions\nand 15 variables. According to this measure, a household is considered to be multidimensionally poor if it is\ndeprived in at least one-third (33%) of the indicators. This indicator is constructed with data from the National\nQuality of Life Survey (ENCV) together with census data.\n\n\n**Figure 7 |** MPI \u2013 National and aggregate for regions with large share of IDPs. 2018, 2019, 2020\n\n\n**1. Household** **2. Childhood and** **5. Access to household**\n**3. Employment** **4. Health**\n**education conditions** **youth conditions** **utilities and living conditions**\n\n\n\n\n- Illiteracy\n\n- Low educational\nachievement at the\nhousehold level\n\n\n\n\n- Non-attendance to school\n\n- Educational underachievement\n\n- Child labor\n\n- Lack of access to childcare\nservices\n\n\n\n\n- Informality - Lack of health insurance\n\n- Long-term unemployment - Lack of access to health\nservices\n\n\n\n\n- Inadequate floors\n\n- Inadequate walls\n\n- Lack of access to water source\n\n- Inadequate elimination of\nsewer waste\n\n- Critical overcrowding\n\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions based on DANE (2020). Retrieved from:\n[https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/condiciones_vida/pobreza/2018/informaci\u00f3n-censal/nota-metodologia-censal-pobreza-municipal-2018.pdf](https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/condiciones_vida/pobreza/2018/informacion-censal/nota-metodologia-censal-pobreza-municipal-2018.pdf)\n\n\n**MPI analysis by dimensions- deprivation variables 2020**\n\n\n\n**MPI measure - Aggregate**\nMultidimensional poverty is notably more\npronounced in regions with a large share of IDPs,\nnearly doubling the national average (figure 8).\nSpecifically, while 18% of people experience\nmultidimensional poverty across the entire country,\nthis figure rises to 33% in areas with a large share of\nIDPs (PDET regions). This discrepancy underscores\nthe enduring impact of historical impoverishment,\nsusceptibility to conflict, and the limited presence of\ngovernmental institutions within these territories.\nConversely, in regions with a large share of IDPs,\nthe MPI experienced a slight increase of\napproximately 2 percentage points between\n2019 and 2020. However, it's worth noting that\nthis increase remains below the levels recorded\nin 2018.\n\n\nAdditionally, poverty and scarcity of resources\naffect the decision-making process, leading to\nnon-optimal decisions in many cases that could\nend up hindering their development (Mullainathan\nand Shafir, 2013).\n\n\n\n**Figure 8 |** MPI \u2013 National and Aggregate for Regions\nwith large share of IDPs. 2018, 2019, 2020\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n34.7%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data\nfrom the DANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://\n[www.dane.gov-.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n[triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n[retrieved from https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/reportes in December 2022.](https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/reportes)\n\n\n\n**What are Colombia's multidimensional poverty rates in each dimension?**\nThe information of the percentage of households deprived per indicator for the 5 dimensions is presented\nbelow. The objective is to understand which are the main deprivations of the Colombian population that\nmake up the multidimensional poverty, both at the national level and in the regions with the largest share\nof IDPs.\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National\nQuality of Life Survey", - "confidence": 0.8781677484512329, - "start": 75, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6944066286087036, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "ENCV", - "confidence": 0.9001178741455078, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9498189091682434, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household", - "confidence": 0.75689297914505, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "census data", - "confidence": 0.5397498607635498, - "start": 85, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5562530159950256, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "ENCV", - "confidence": 0.5130882263183594, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.5156503319740295, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.8491602540016174, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit", - "confidence": 0.9766588807106018, - "start": 499, - "end": 504 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.8908100724220276, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7604737281799316, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6868463754653931, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6235136389732361, - "start": 566, - "end": 567 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Household Education Conditions**\nPDET households experience greater deprivation\nin education, with higher rates of illiteracy (13.7% of\nhouseholds, compared to 8.4% national average)\nand lower educational attainment (56.8%\ncompared to 42.2%). Deprivation in educational\nattainmentt refers to persons aged 15 or older\nhaving less than 9 years of education (Figure 9).\nThe situation can be partially explained by the\nlack of a strong public education system in\nColombia, which is even more critical in rural\nconflict-affected areas (Garcia, Maldonado and\nRodr\u00edguez, 2022).\n\n\n**Childhood and youth conditions**\nPDET households have double the rate of school\nabsenteeism (non-attendance to school, 29.6%)\namong children and youth compared to the\nnational average (16.4%). School absenteeism and\neducational underachievement are the most\nsevere deprivations.\nEducational underachievement is defined as\nhouseholds with at least one child between 7 and\n17 years of age who is behind in school (number\nof school years completed is lower than the\nnational norm). The situation is explained by the\ncombination of poverty, conflict, forced\nrecruitment, and lack of protection in these\nregions, which creates barriers for children and\nyouth to access and attend school. The MPI for all\nvariables in this dimension are higher in regions\nwith a large share of IDPs (Figure 10).\n\n\n**Employment**\nDespite the structural condition of informality in\nColombia's labor market, PDET households are\neven more impacted by informality, lacking both\nsocial protection and income stability (Figure 11).\n88% of PDET households are lacking formal\nemployment, compared to 74.2% national\naverage. A household is considered deprived in\nthis indicator if at least one employed person is\nnot affiliated to the pension system, which serves\nas a proxy for informality. Contrary to expectations,\nthe percentage of PDET households lacking\nstable employment is slightly lower than the\nnational average (12.4% compared to 14.2%).\nThis may be due to the less rigid labor market in\nPDET areas, where higher levels of informality can\nlead to fewer barriers in finding a job, but likely of\nlower quality.\n\n\n\nPart 2: Multidimensional Poverty Analysis\n\n\n**Figure 9 |** | Household Education Conditions Dimension. 2020\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n56.8%\n\n\n\nLow educational\nachievement at\nthe HH level\n\n\nIlliteracy\n\n\n\n\n\n13.7%\n\n\n\n0 10 20 30 40 50 60\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the\nDANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadis[ticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n\n\n**Figure 10 |** Childhood and youth conditions Dimension. 2020\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n\nNon-school\nattendance\n\n\nEducational\nunderachievement\n\n\nChild labor\n\n\nLack of access to\nchildcare services\n\n\n\n9.4%\n\n\n\n\n\n29.6%\n\n\n31.8%\n\n\n\n\n\n2.3%\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the\n[DANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadis-](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n[ticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n\n\n**Figure 11 |** Employment Dimension. 2020\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n\nLong-term\nunemployment rate\n\n\nInformality\n\n\n\n14.2%\n\n\n\n88.3%\n\n\n\n0 20 40 60 80 100\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the\n[DANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadis-](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n[ticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Education Conditions", - "confidence": 0.8313058018684387, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Garcia, Maldonado and\nRodr\u00edguez", - "confidence": 0.652502715587616, - "start": 105, - "end": 110 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.8343263864517212, - "start": 93, - "end": 94 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.718474268913269, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PDET households", - "confidence": 0.8804906606674194, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Triage Poblacional", - "confidence": 0.6671662926673889, - "start": 496, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit", - "confidence": 0.9362165331840515, - "start": 478, - "end": 483 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8175475597381592, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8000564575195312, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5754839777946472, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Employment Dimension", - "confidence": 0.7813195586204529, - "start": 609, - "end": 611 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit", - "confidence": 0.8980159759521484, - "start": 647, - "end": 652 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7788835167884827, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9166895747184753, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8963931202888489, - "start": 619, - "end": 620 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Health**\nPDET households face similar deprivations in the\nhealth dimension compared to the national\naggregate and, overall, perform better than in\nother dimensions (Figure 12). In particular, the\npercentage of PDET households without health\ninsurance is 9%, compared to 10% for the\nnational aggregate. In terms of lack of access to\nhealth services, the indicator refers to\nhouseholds with at least one person who in the\nlast 30 days had an illness, accident, dental\nproblem, or any other health problem that did not\ninvolve hospitalization and who did not go to a\npractitioner or health institution. Both PDET\nhouseholds and the national aggregate show\nlow levels on the limitations to access to health\nservices (2% to 3%).\nThe question about efficiency and quality of the\nattention still needs to be explored but, generally\nPDET households benefit from universal\ncoverage.\n\n\n**Public utilities and housing conditions**\nPDET households face worse housing conditions\nthan the national aggregate, doubling the\npercentage of households with deprivations in 4\nout of 5 indicators. Critical differences are\nobserved for access to sewerage (26.5% vs\n10.2%), access to drinking water (27.8% vs 9.7%)\nand inadequate floors (12.2% vs 6.3%) (Figure 13).\nHaving inadequate access to public utilities,\ninadequate housing conditions and living in\npoverty conditions translates into worse\nsocioeconomic outcomes (Chetty, Hendren and\nKatz, 2016; Chetty and Hendren, 2018).\n\n\nTherefore, it is critical to improve the access to\nclean water sources, sewerage and adequate\nhousing materials in order to the reduce the\nprotection risks faced by IDPs and to promote\ntheir development.\n\n\n\nPart 2: Multidimensional Poverty Analysis\n\n\n**Figure 12 |** Health Dimension. 2020\n\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15 20 25 30\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the\nDANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/esta[disticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n\n\n\nLack of health\ninsurance\n\n\nLack of access\nto health services\n\n\n\n10.8%\n\n\n3.0%\n\n\n0 2 4 6 8 10 12\n\n\n\n**Source:** Prepared by the Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit (2023). Data from the\nDANE. (2020). Triage Poblacional. Obtenido de https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisti[cas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/triage-poblacional-territorial-de-colombia-2020)\n\n\n**Figure 13 |** Public utilities and housing Conditions Dimension. 2020\n\n\nNational Regions with large share of IDPs\n\n\n\nInadequate floors\n\n\nInadequate walls\n\n\nLack of access to\nwater source\n\n\nInadequate\nelimination\nsewer waste\n\n\nCritical Overcrowding\n\n\n\n\n\n12.2%\n\n\n6.6%\n\n\n11.3%\n\n\n\n27.8%\n\n\n26.5%\n\n\n\nUNHCR > **Evidence Bulletin 1** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\naggregate", - "confidence": 0.7403481602668762, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PDET households", - "confidence": 0.8861111998558044, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national aggregate", - "confidence": 0.635193407535553, - "start": 182, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PDET households", - "confidence": 0.9369859099388123, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DANE", - "confidence": 0.822259783744812, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Durable Solutions and Livelihoods Unit", - "confidence": 0.99533611536026, - "start": 365, - "end": 370 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9562488794326782, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9353733658790588, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9627217054367065, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d9bbc547-792d-402e-b595-108f29644ffb/Boleti%CC%81n%20de%20evidencia%201_VF_20230905.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_259/raw/doc_259_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_259/raw/doc_259_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9e2d8a5bdcb4a0eec03e6a86f852f51447be783a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_259/raw/doc_259_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Cifras clave**\n\n#### **1.497.404**\n\npersonas con PPT\n\n - certificaci\u00f3n de\ntr\u00e1mite y PEP\nafiliadas\n\n#### **16%**\n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n ha\nsido desafiliada\n\n\n**Situaci\u00f3n de aseguramiento\u00b9**\n\n\n#### **59%**\n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n\nregularizada\nelegible para\nafiliaci\u00f3n\n\n#### **91%**\n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n\nafiliada encuestada\naccedi\u00f3 a la atenci\u00f3n\nen salud\n\n\n#### **13.896**\n\npersonas solicitantes\nde refugio afiliadas\n(gran proporci\u00f3n\nvenezolanas)\n\n#### **67%**\n\nde poblaci\u00f3n no\nafiliada encuestada\naccedi\u00f3 a la atenci\u00f3n\nen salud\n\n\n\nEl pa\u00eds ha realizado avances importantes e incrementales en el aseguramiento al sistema de salud de\nla poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante con situaci\u00f3n migratoria regularizada. Sin embargo, en algunos\nterritorios el avance es inferior al promedio de cobertura nacional resaltando aquellos con coberturas\nte\u00f3ricas de afiliaci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n con Permiso de Protecci\u00f3n Temporal (PPT) de menos del 50% en\ncaso de Bogot\u00e1, Norte de Santander, Vichada y Choc\u00f3. Estas coberturas es necesario interpretarlas\nteniendo en cuenta la alta movilidad dentro y fuera del pa\u00eds de esta poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEl mayor porcentaje de afiliaci\u00f3n al r\u00e9gimen subsidiado en venezolanos comparado con colombianos\nrefleja el reto de seguir avanzando en su integraci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica.\n\n\n\nMapa 1. Cobertura de afiliaci\u00f3n en salud de\npoblaci\u00f3n con PPT o en tr\u00e1mite, Junio 2024\n\n\n**Cobertura**\n\nEntre 0 - 49%\nEntre 50% - 59%\nEntre 60% - 69%\nMayor a 70%\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fica 1. Distribuci\u00f3n de afiliaci\u00f3n al SGSSS\u00b9\npor r\u00e9gimen y nacionalidad, Junio 2024\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fica 2. Cobertura afiliaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan grupo et\u00e1reo\nen venezolanos que aplicaron al EPTV\u00b2, Junio 2024\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fica 3. Comportamiento de la afiliaci\u00f3n y desafiliaci\u00f3n de personas con PPT o\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n99,6%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezolanos Colombianos\n\n\nContributivo\nSubsidiado\n\n\n\n0-7\n8-17\n18-29\n30-39\n40-49\n\n50-59\n60-69\n\n70 y m\u00e1s\n**A\u00f1os**\n\n\n\nAfiliaci\u00f3n Desafiliaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\u00b9 SGSSS: Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud\n\u00b2 EPTV: Estatuto Temporal de Migrantes Venezolanos\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- La menor cobertura de afiliaci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n que ha\nrealizado el proceso del EPTV seg\u00fan edad es en ni\u00f1os\nmenores de 7 a\u00f1os con 40%, que corresponde en buena\nparte a poblaci\u00f3n en edad preescolar. Asi mismo, los j\u00f3venes\ntienen una cobertura inferior al promedio de 70%.\n\n\n- La desafiliaci\u00f3n al SGSSS de personas con PPT/Certificaci\u00f3n\nen tr\u00e1mite ha sido del 16%, siendo esta proporci\u00f3n m\u00e1s alta\nen afiliados al r\u00e9gimen contributivo (46%) y en subsidiado\n(9%). En el primer caso se puede deber a la movilidad laboral y\nen el segundo a falta de tener la clasificaci\u00f3n de Sisben\nrequerida o no acreditaci\u00f3n de permanencia cada 4 meses,\nsobre esta \u00faltima no se disponen datos espec\u00edficos.\n\n\n- La desafiliaci\u00f3n es mayor en Bogot\u00e1 y Quindio, siendo en el\nr\u00e9gimen subsidiado de 38% y 25% respectivamente.\n\n\n- La desafiliaci\u00f3n en personas solicitantes de refugio ha sido de\n50% en el subsidiado y 80% contributivo.\n\n\n- De 1.072.186 personas con encuesta del Sistema de\nIdentificaci\u00f3n de potenciales benficiarios de programas\nsociales (SISBEN) elegible para la afiliaci\u00f3n al r\u00e9gimen\nsubsidiado en modalidad de subsidio pleno (Grupo A, B o C)\nen el pa\u00eds se ha afiliado al 80% sea en el r\u00e9gimen contributivo\n\n - subsidiado, siendo este inferior en territorios de acogida\nimportantes como Bogot\u00e1, Cundinamarca, Vichada y Guainia, y\nen otros de menor acogida como Choc\u00f3. (Gr\u00e1fica 4)\n\n\n- Comparando la poblaci\u00f3n afiliada al r\u00e9gimen subsidiado con la\npoblaci\u00f3n elegible en la encuesta Sisben se puede evidenciar\naquellos que superan el 100% de la afiliaci\u00f3n de esta\npoblaci\u00f3n, lo cual indica una brecha en la solicitud o\nrealizaci\u00f3n de la encuesta Sisben o en los procesos de\nverificaci\u00f3n de este requisito para continuidad de la afiliaci\u00f3n\nen por lo menos la mitad de los departamentos y en 8\ndepartamentos los que a\u00fan tienen pendiente la afiliaci\u00f3n de\npoblaci\u00f3n elegible en el Sisben.\n\n\n\nelegibles en la encuesta Sisben*\n\n\n100%\n\n\n\n\n\n90%\n\n\n80%\n\n\n70%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Proporci\u00f3
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\ufb01caci\u00f3n.|\n\n\n\n***CONVENCIONES**\nAMA: Amazonas\nANT: Antioquia\nARA: Arauca\nATLA: Atl\u00e1ntico\nBOG: Bogot\u00e1 D.C.\nBOL: Bol\u00edvar\nBOY: Boyac\u00e1\nCAL: Caldas\n\n\n\nCAQ: Caquet\u00e1\nCAS: Casanare\nCAU: Cauca\nCES: Cesar\nCHO: Choc\u00f3\nCOR: C\u00f3rdoba\nCUN: Cundinamarca\nGUAI: Guain\u00eda\nGUAV: Guaviare\n\n\n\nHUI: Huila\nGUA: La Guajira\nMAG: Magdalena\nMET: Meta\nNAR: Nari\u00f1o\nNTE: Norte de Santander\nPUT: Putumayo\nQUI: Quind\u00edo\nRIS: Risaralda\n\n\n\nTOL: Tolima\n\nVAU: Vaup\u00e9s\n\nCOL: Colombia Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social. SISPRO BDUA Corte junio 2024\n\n\n\n40%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Regi\u00f3n Caribe**\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fica 6. Afiliaci\u00f3n y desafiliaci\u00f3n de personas con PPT o en tr\u00e1mite de PPT en regi\u00f3n Caribe,\n2022 - 2024\n\n\n\nMapa 3. Cobertura de aseguramiento municipal (Atl\u00e1ntico, La Guajira,\nBol\u00edvar, Magdalena, Cesar, Sucre)*\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10.613 11.229 12.159 12.479\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5.893\n\n\n2.295\n\n48 55 126 623 539 576\n\n\nEnero/22 Junio/22 Enero/23 Junio/23 Enero/24 Junio/24\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Regi\u00f3n Pac\u00edfico**\n\n\nMapa 4. Cobertura de aseguramiento municipal (Choc\u00f3, Valle del Cauca,\nCauca, Nari\u00f1o, Putumayo)*\n\n\n\n2022 - 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n**Choc\u00f3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Regi\u00f3n Nororiente**\n\n\nMapa 6. Cobertura de aseguramiento municipal (Arauca, Santander,\nNorte de Santander)*\n\n\n\ntr\u00e1mite de PPT en regi\u00f3n nororiente, 2022 - 2024\n\n\n**Norte de Santander**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Cobertura**\n\nEntre 0 - 49%\nEntre 50% - 59%\nEntre 60% - 69%\nMayor a 70%\n\n\n*Se se\u00f1alan los municipios\ncon mayor cantidad de\npoblaci\u00f3n con PPT o en\ntr\u00e1mite por departamento.\n\n\n\nEn los departamentos de Arauca y Norte de Santander la proporci\u00f3n de afiliaci\u00f3n al\nr\u00e9gimen subsidiado es mayor al promedio nacional siendo por encima del 90%. En\nSantander es similar al promedio nacional.\n\n\nLa desafiliaci\u00f3n en la regi\u00f3n es inferior a la proporci\u00f3n promedio nacional siendo\nigualmente que a nivel nacional mayor en el contributivo.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfiliaci\u00f3n Desafiliaci\u00f3n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Casanare**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Guain\u00eda**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEn todos los departamentos de la regi\u00f3n de Orinoqu\u00eda la proporci\u00f3n de afiliaci\u00f3n al r\u00e9gimen\nsubsidiado es mayor al promedio nacional con 92%.\n\n\nLa desafiliaci\u00f3n en la regi\u00f3n es muy inferior al promedio nacional siendo mayor en el\nr\u00e9gimen contributivo.\n\n\n\nAfiliaci\u00f3n Desafiliaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Situaci\u00f3n de acceso a la atenci\u00f3n en salud\u00b2**\n\n\nEn este apartado presentamos los resultados del Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n que\nrealiza ACNUR trimestralmente entre poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante venezolana\ncon permanencia en el pa\u00eds, comparando los a\u00f1os 2022 y 2023, per\u00edodo para el\ncual fueron realizadas 5.409 y 5.865 encuestas respectivamente en 20\ndepartamentos y 1 distrito en los cuales tiene presencia ACNUR.\n\n\nEn 2022 y 2023, la proporci\u00f3n nacional de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana que requiri\u00f3\nrecibir atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica desde que ha estado en el pa\u00eds fue ligeramente mayor\nentre afiliados al sistema de salud que en no afiliados (77 vs 62%).\n\n\nDe esta poblaci\u00f3n la proporci\u00f3n que pudo acceder a un centro m\u00e9dico fue mayor,\ncomo se espera dada la mayor cobertura de servicios, entre afiliados (91%)\ncomparada con la de no afiliados (67%), siendo mayor entre estos \u00faltimos la no\nb\u00fasqueda de atenci\u00f3n (26%), no haber podido atenderse en un centro m\u00e9dico\n(9%) haber recurrido a la automedicaci\u00f3n (9%) con un ligero incremento\ncomparando 2022 y 2023. Este resultado es similar al de acceso identificado por\nla encuesta de Pulso a la Migraci\u00f3n del DANE de 80% sin diferenciar entre\nafiliaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEl acceso a la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica presenta brechas entre departamentos como se\nmuestra en el Mapa 8 y 9, as\u00ed el acceso entre no afiliados fue mucho menor al\npromedio en Choc\u00f3, Meta, Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca y Cesar.\n\n\nBrigada de atenci\u00f3n en salud con apoyo de ACNUR, Caldas. Profamilia, 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Las personas que acudieron a buscar atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica afiliadas calificaron mejor los servicios\nque la poblaci\u00f3n no afiliada mejorando la calificaci\u00f3n ligeramente respecto a 2022 en afiliados\ny disminuyendo en no afiliados.\n\n\nLas **principales barreras** para la b\u00fasqueda o acceso a la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica con un\ncomportamiento ligeramente mejor en 2023 vs 2022 fueron la falta de seguro m\u00e9dico en no\nafiliados e independientemente de la afiliaci\u00f3n, falta de documentaci\u00f3n, de recursos\necon\u00f3micos y la negaci\u00f3n de la atenci\u00f3n. La falta de disponibilidad en el servicio fue mayor en\nafiliados, lo cual es contrario a lo esperado. Llama la atenci\u00f3n que la falta de seguro m\u00e9dico y\ndocumentaci\u00f3n y la negaci\u00f3n de la atenci\u00f3n sean importantes motivos en afiliados, lo cual\npuede deberse a la indagaci\u00f3n de afiliaci\u00f3n en quien responde la encuesta y la necesidad de\natenci\u00f3n de cualquier persona de la familia. Igualmente es de resaltar el desconocimiento sobre\nel acceso a la salud independientemente de la afiliaci\u00f3n, lo cual requiere continuar realizando\nprocesos de informaci\u00f3n y en el caso de los afiliados que el servicio requerido no estuviera\ndisponible.\n\n\nGr\u00e1fica 12. Percepci\u00f3n de atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica recibida para solucionar necesidad seg\u00fan afiliaci\u00f3n,\n2022-2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "73%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n67%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n63%\n\n\n42%\n\n38%38%\n\n\n25% 25%\n\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n\n36% 33% 35%\n\n\n\n40%\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n\n71%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n17% 16% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17% 15%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\nFalta de recursos econ\u00f3micos\n\n\nFalta de seguro m\u00e9dico\n\n\nFalta de documentaci\u00f3n y/o identificaci\u00f3n necesaria\n\n\nNo tiene informaci\u00f3n sobre el acceso\n\n\nEl centro de salud queda muy lejos\n\n\n\n17% 16% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17%\n\n13%13%\n\n\n\n16% 17% 17%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|8%
5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% El servicio o atenci\u00f3n que necesitaba no estaba disponi|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**No a\ufb01liados**
**A\ufb01liados**
**CAUCA**|**No a\ufb01liados**
**A\ufb01liados**
**CAUCA**|**No a\ufb01liados**
**A\ufb01liados**
**NARI\u00d1O**|**No a\ufb01liados**
**A\ufb01liados**
**PUTUMAYO**|**No a\ufb01liados**
**A\ufb01liados**
**VALLE DEL CAUCA**|Me negaron la atenci\u00f3n
Otra||\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mapa 8. Proporci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n con necesidad de atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica por departamento Mapa 9. Proporci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n con necesidad que pudo acceder a la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica por\ndepartamento\n\n\n**AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# **67%**\n\n**Promedio nacional**\n\n\n\n\n# **91%**\n\n**Promedio nacional**\n\n\n# **77%**\n\n**Promedio nacional**\n\n\n# **62%**\n\n**Promedio nacional**\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Departamentos con mayor proporci\u00f3n que la nacional de no b\u00fasqueda de atenci\u00f3n ante necesidad de atenci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n**AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS**\n\n**de atenci\u00f3n**\n\n**necesitarla**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Automedicaci\u00f3n**\n\n**o b\u00fasqueda de**\n**atenci\u00f3n en**\n**farmacia**\n\n\n**No pudo recibir**\n**atenci\u00f3n**\n**m\u00e9dica pese a**\n**haberla**\n**buscado**\n\n\n**Atenci\u00f3n por**\n**cham\u00e1n o**\n**curandero**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Las barreras para la b\u00fasqueda o acceso a la\natenci\u00f3n en salud referidas en los diferentes\ndepartamentos tuvieron un comportamiento\nsimilar a las que se reportan m\u00e1s frecuentes en el\nan\u00e1lisis general del pa\u00eds, con variaciones en\nalgunos departamentos en los cuales el servicio\nno estuvo disponible especialmente para\npersonas afiliadas o la negaci\u00f3n de la atenci\u00f3n\nindependiente de la afiliaci\u00f3n que tuvieron mayor\npeso que otras barreras, lo cual las hizo ubicar en\nmayor orden de importancia.\n\n\nSin embargo, en la mitad o tercera parte de los\ndepartamentos algunas barreras tuvieron una\nmayor magnitud respecto al promedio nacional,\naunque es de resaltar que en algunos de estos\nestos valores han disminuido o aumentado\nrespecto al 2022 como se muestra a\ncontinuaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nCuadro 1. Departamentos con mayor proporci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n que la nacional con barreras para la b\u00fasqueda o acceso a la atenci\u00f3n en salud seg\u00fan\nafiliaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n**Falta de documentaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n**Falta de recursos econ\u00f3micos**\n\n\n\n**Falta de seguro m\u00e9dico**\n\n\n\n**AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS**\n\n\n\nAtl\u00e1ntico\nBol\u00edvar\nCundinamarca\nCesar\nNorte de Santander\n\n\n\nLa Guajira\nCesar\nBogot\u00e1\nPutumayo\nMagdalena\n\n\n\nLa Guajira\nCesar\nArauca\nBoyac\u00e1*\n\n\n\nLa Guajira\nMagdalena\nCauca\nBoyac\u00e1\nBol\u00edvar\n\n\n\nLa Guajira\nArauca\nAtl\u00e1ntico\nChoc\u00f3\nMagdalena\n\n\n\nBoyac\u00e1\nCauca\nMeta\nBol\u00edvar\nAtl\u00e1ntico*\n\n\n\n**Sin informaci\u00f3n sobre el acceso** **Lejos del centro de salud** **Servicio no disponible** **Negaci\u00f3n de la atenci\u00f3n**\n\n\n**AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS** **AFILIADOS** **NO AFILIADOS**\n\n\n\nBoyac\u00e1\nMeta+\nAtl\u00e1ntico+\nSantander\n\n\n\nGuain\u00eda\nArauca\nBol\u00edvar\nMeta\n\n\n\nSantander\nArauca\nBogot\u00e1\nAtl\u00e1ntico\nNorte de Santander\n\n\n\nBol\u00edvar\nArauca\nGuain\u00eda\nAtl\u00e1ntico\n\n\n\nArauca\nNorte de Santander*\nCesar\n\n\n\nNorte de Santander\nVichada\nNari\u00f1o\nChoc\u00f3\nSantander\nValle del Cauca\nVichada\n\n\n\nBoyac\u00e1\nGuain\u00eda\nBol\u00edvar\n\n\n\n\n- Departamentos que si bien fueron mayores al promedio tuvieron una reducci\u00f3n respecto a 2022.\n+ Departamentos que tuvieron un aumento respecto al 2022\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "an\u00e1lisis general del pa\u00eds", - "confidence": 0.5466875433921814, - "start": 30, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8798631429672241, - "start": 121, - "end": 122 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "personas afiliadas", - "confidence": 0.8280676603317261, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Puntos de acci\u00f3n**\n\nde ACNUR en Apartado, Antioquia. Profamilia, 2021.\n\n\n\nopci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nfortalecer la difusi\u00f3n sobre estos\n\n\n\nservicios para la poblaci\u00f3n que no\ntiene la elegibilidad para ser\nafiliada. Y asi mismo priorizar\nestos departamentos por parte de\nla cooperaci\u00f3n para el apoyo con\nservicios de atenci\u00f3n primaria.\n\n\n- A futuro es importante que el\nmonitoreo de protecci\u00f3n pueda\nposibilitar hacer seguimiento al\nacceso y barreras presentadas\nseg\u00fan tipo de servicio o\nnecesidad de salud presentada\npara identificar con mayor\nprecisi\u00f3n los cuellos de botella,\nespecialmente de posibles\nvulneraciones al derecho a la\nsalud como la negaci\u00f3n de la\natenci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n**FUENTES DE INFORMACI\u00d3N**\n1.Ministerio de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social. Cubos SISPRO Base de Datos \u00fanica de afiliados (BDUA) y Poblaci\u00f3n venezolana elegible afiliaci\u00f3n en SAT Corte a Junio 2024\nCantidad de venezolanos por grupo et\u00e1reo inscritos en EPTV en Migraci\u00f3n Colombia. Informe especial de la situaci\u00f3n de salud de la poblaci\u00f3n migrante venezolana a partir de la encuesta de\ncaracterizaci\u00f3n del EPTV. 2024\n\n\n2. Este an\u00e1lisis se basa en las encuesta de monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n en migrantes con vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia realizadas por ACNUR cada trimestre con la poblaci\u00f3n que busca sus diferentes\nservicios as\u00ed como en puntos estrat\u00e9gicos. La encuesta en 2022 y 2023 fue realizada a 5409 y 5865 personas respectivamente en 20 departamentos y 1 Distrito. De los cuales 3854 y 4044\nrespectivamente refirieron que desde que llegaron al pa\u00eds alguna persona de la familia ha requerido atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica.\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://data.unhcr.org/es/country/col 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df387e7d-5660-4050-b451-5f87102c9180/Boletinaseguramiento-I2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_26/raw/doc_26_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_26/raw/doc_26_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7b4250e9dd50f50c9fd8876b903498ce5125f3eb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_26/raw/doc_26_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**CIVILIAN IMPACT MONITORING PROJECT**\n**THEMATIC REPORT: THE AL-HUDAYDAH CEASEFIRE, ONE YEAR ON**\n\n**DATE OF PUBLICATION: JANUARY 2020**\n\n\nThe Al-Hudaydah Agreement was signed in Stockholm on 13 December 2018. Shortly after, on 18 December, a ceasefire in Al-Hudaydah entered into force.\n\nOne of the instant achievements of the agreement was a halt to an offensive that threatened to engulf the critical port city of Al-Hudaydah, fixing the warring\n\nsides to their respective positions, while also leading to a significant reduction in airstrikes across the governorate. However, Al-Hudaydah did not see an\n\nabsolute ceasefire.\n\nAlong all main frontlines, on the outskirts of the city and in southern districts, hostilities continued between the opposing forces, as other elements of the Al\nHudaydah Agreement stalled into a political stalemate. Although the frontlines remained static over the past year, the number of civilian impact incidents\n\nactually increased, and while the total number of civilian casualties was reduced, casualty rates in the governorate were still the highest in the country. The\n\npost-agreement period has also seen a shift in the nature of the impact of armed violence on civilians, with an uptick in direct fire on residential areas, resulting\n\nin more incidents directly impacting on civilian households than before the ceasefire.\n\n**OVERALL FIGURES: 12 MONTHS BEFORE THE CEASEFIRE, COMPARED TO 12 MONTHS AFTER**\n\n\n\nThe total number of civilian casualties fell 62% in the 12 months after the ceasefire compared to the\nprevious 12-month period, from 2,115, from 18 December 2017 to 17 December 2018, to 811, from 18\nDecember 2018 to 17 December 2019. The rate of civilian casualties per month as a direct result of\narmed violence fell from an average of 176 in the 12 months prior to the start of the ceasefire, driven\nlargely by high casualties from airstrikes, to 68 civilian casualties per month in 2019. The rate of civilian\nfatalities also decreased, from 47% in the 12 months before the ceasefire to 25% in the past year.\n\nCivilian casualty rates steadily decreased throughout 2019. The final quarter of the year saw the lowest\ncivilian casualty toll since CIMP began monitoring at the start of 2018. This is likely caused in large part\nby the deployment of joint observation posts on frontlines around Al-Hudaydah city in October 2019,\nwhich resulted in a significant reduction in hostilities in the city, as discussed below. However, despite\nsignificant decreases in civilian casualty rates, the number of incidents of armed violence reported with\na direct civilian impact increased, from 686 in the 12 months prior to 978 in the 12 months since.\n\n\n**Number of incidents**\n\nl **250**\n\n\n\n\n\nCivilian fatalities Civilian injuries\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Number of incidents** **Civilian casualties**\n\n\n\n12 months before 12 months after\n\n\n**500**\n\n\n\n**250**\n\n\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS IN AL-HUDAYDAH CITY IN 2019 COMPARED TO SOUTHERN AL-HUDAYDAH DISTRICTS**\n\n\n\nDespite a slow start to the ceasefire, a particularly notable reduction in hostilities\nwas recorded in Al-Hudaydah city from October 2019, when joint observation\nposts were deployed across the main frontlines around the city. Accompanying\nthis, the downward trend in civilian casualties that started in August continued in\nthe city through October and November. However, while the city saw a\nreduction in hostilities, which drove an overall decrease in the governorate,\nincident and casualty rates remained high in the southern districts.\n\nThe graph to the right compares civilian impact incidents by district, showing\nthose in the two city districts of Al-Hali and Al-Hawak compared to the four main\nhotspot southern districts of Al-Tuhayat, Al-Durayhimi, Bayt Al-Faqih, and Hays.\nWhile both showed a decrease in incident rates from mid-2019, after the five\njoint observation posts were established in October, incident rates in AlHudaydah city continued to fall, but those in the southern districts increased, as\nit appeared combat efforts re-focussed to the governorate's southern frontlines.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Southern frontline districts** **City frontline districts**\n\n\n|70|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**60**||\n|**50**||\n|**40**||\n|**30**||\n|**20**||\n|**10**||\n|**0**
**_17 OCT: JOINT OBSERVATION POSTS DEPLOYED_**||\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/533ccb1a-b277-33db-a6dc-1b8622ff3974/20200113_CIMP%20Thematic%2002_Hudaydah%20Ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CIVILIAN CASUALTIES FROM ARMED VIOLENCE BEFORE AND AFTER THE CEASEFIRE**\n\n\n\n**12 months before** **12 months after**\n\n\n\n\n\n**12 months after** There has been an overall decrease in civilian\n\ncasualties since the start of the ceasefire. This was\n\ncaused by airstrikes, which fell 99% in 2019 compared\nto the 12 months prior to the ceasefire. Casualties from\n\nHowever, civilian casualties caused by fire from small\narms and light weapons, including sniper fire,\n\ncontinued in close proximity to residential areas.\n\nincreased from 10 to 58, of whom 19 were children, up\nfrom 4 during the 12 months prior to the ceasefire.\n\n**GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF AIRSTRIKE INCIDENTS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe maps show the distribution\nand density of airstrike incidents\nreported to have directly\nimpacted on civilians in AlHudaydah in the 12 months\nbefore the ceasefire compared\nto the 12 months since.\n\nIn the 12 months before the\nceasefire, 363 airstrike incidents\nwere reported to have had a\ndirect civilian impact, resulting in\n1,035 civilian casualties. Since\n18 December 2019, just 9\nairstrike incidents were reported\nto have impacted on civilians in\nthe governorate, resulting in 15\ncivilian casualties, just 1% of\nthose seen in the year prior.\n\n\n\n\n\n**THE PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN HARMED HAS INCREASED SINCE THE CEASEFIRE COMMENCED**\n\n\n\nWhile the overall rates of civilian casualties decreased in the 12 months\nsince the start of the ceasefire, a greater proportion of civilian casualties\nhave been women and children. Before the ceasefire, 25% of civilian\ncasualties was a woman or a child, in the 12 months since this has doubled\nto almost half (49%). Of the 2,115 civilian casualties in the 12 months prior to\nthe ceasefire, 334 were children and 186 were women, a quarter of the total.\nIn the 12 months after the ceasefire entered into force, almost half (49%) of\nthe 811 civilian casualties were children (259) and women (140).\n0\n\nWomen and children casualties Unspeci\ufffded casualties\n\n0\n0\n0\n0\n\n0\n0\n0\nDespite overall decreases, the number of casualties among women and\nchildren as a result of fire from small arms and light weapons increased from\n17 before the ceasefire to 87 in the 12 months after. There has also been a\nslight increase in women and children casualties as a result of explosive\nordnance (EO). Furthermore, increasing incidents impacting directly on\nhouses correlated with an increase in injuries among women and children.\n\n\n\nBefore After\n\n\n\nWomen and children casualties Unspeci\ufffded casualties\n\n\n\nIn 2018, 220 incidents of armed violence impacted on homes and/or\nfarmsteads in Al-Hudaydah, resulting in 666 civilian casualties, of whom 268\n(40%) were women and children. In 2019, this rose to 578 incidents\nimpacting on homes and/or farmsteads, a 62% increase, resulting in 383\ncivilian casualties, of whom 206 (54%) were women and children. Due to the\nrepeated encroachment of armed violence on domestic civilian spaces, the\neffects of psychosocial trauma are likely to be made more acute, while\nwomen and children, who are increasingly reported to be household heads,\nespecially among displaced families, are likely to be particularly vulnerable\nwhen residential spaces are impacted.\n\n700\n\n\n\nBefore\n\n\n\n\n\nAfter\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIncidents impacting on\ncivilian houses and/or\nfarmsteads\n\n\nWomen and children\nharmed as a result of\nhouses being impacted\n\n\nUnspeci\ufffded civilian\ncasualties as a result of\nhouses being impacted\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/533ccb1a-b277-33db-a6dc-1b8622ff3974/20200113_CIMP%20Thematic%2002_Hudaydah%20Ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AL-HUDAYDAH CONTINUES TO SEE THE MOST CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS AND CASUALTIES COUNTRY-WIDECORRELATION BETWEEN IMPACT FROM REMNANT ORDNANCE AND OTHER TYPES OF ARMED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n**AL-HUDAYDAH CONTINUES TO SEE THE MOST CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS AND CASUALTIES COUNTRY-WIDECORRELATION BETWEEN IMPACT FROM REMNANT ORDNANCE AND OTHER TYPES OF ARMED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJanuary February March April May June July August September October November December\n\n\n\n**CIVILIAN CASUALTIES IN 2019 IN AL-HUDAYDAH COMPARED TO OTHER GOVERNORATES**\n\n\n# \u25a0 AL-HUDAYDAH \u25a0 OTHER GOVERNORATES\n\n\n\nJanuary February March April May June July August September October November December\n\n**THE IMPACT OF ARMED VIOLENCE ON CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN AL-HUDAYDAH HAS REDUCED**\n\n\n\n**Case study 1: Restricted access to food and education**\n\n\nThere was an increased impact on education and food infrastructure in the\n\npast 12 months. 7 incidents reportedly impacted food infrastructure, all of\n\nwhich were repeat instances of shellfire hitting the Red Sea Flour Mills, in\n\none of the main contested areas on the outskirts of Al-Hudaydah city. The\n\nincidents potentially pose continued restricted access to crucial food\n\nsupplies for as many as 500,000 households. Similarly, 16 incidents were\n\nreported to have impacted on education facilities in the past year. 5 of\n\nthese were schools, while 11 were incidents impacting on Al-Hudaydah\n\nUniversity medical and engineering faculties, which have been\n\ncommandeered by military forces as defensive and firing positions.\n\n\n**Case study 2: Fishing communities in Al-Hudaydah**\n\n\nAl-Hudaydah\u2019s fishing community saw a significantly reduced impact from\n\nincidents of armed violence since the ceasefire commenced. In 2018, 77\n\nfishermen were reportedly killed, 37 injured, and another 17 reported\n\nmissing as a result of incidents of armed violence, the majority of which\n\nwere as a result of airstrikes, along with three instances of naval shelling\n\nand three seamine incidents. Over 25 boats were reportedly destroyed.\n\nFishing ports in Al-Hawak and Al-Tuhayat, fishing huts on Kamaran island,\n\nand the Ministry of Fisheries in Al-Luheyah were also reportedly hit by\n\nairstrikes last year. The Al-Hawak fish market was also hit by shellfire on 2\n\nAugust 2018 which, together with a follow-up attack outside the Al-Thawra\n\nhospital gates, was reported to have resulted in 55 civilian fatalities and\n\n170 civilian injuries. Since the ceasefire entered into force, airstrikes are\n\nreported to have hit 5 fishing boats, killing 9 fishermen and injuring 6.\n\n\n\nOn the whole, the introduction of the cease\ufffdre resulted in a decrease in\nincidents impacting on civilian infrastructure in Al-Hudaydah. In the 12 months\nprior to the cease\ufffdre, 139 incidents impacted on civilian infrastructure, while in\nthe 12 months after, this almost halved, dropping to 73. The most frequently\nimpacted types of infrastructure are shown in the chart below by number of\nincidents. The 2 infrastructure types to have seen an increase in the past 12\nmonths were education and food, explained in case study 1, to the left.\n\n\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project is a service under the United Nations Protection\n\nCluster for the collection, analysis and dissemination of open source data on the civilian\n\nimpact from armed violence in Yemen, to inform and complement protection programming.\n\nFor further information, please visit www.civilianimpactmonitoring.org.\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/533ccb1a-b277-33db-a6dc-1b8622ff3974/20200113_CIMP%20Thematic%2002_Hudaydah%20Ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_260/raw/doc_260_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_260/raw/doc_260_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ba4bc2e1846c65f211d5b9e87c4718a8ee3a83b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_260/raw/doc_260_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,537 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Post-distribution Monitoring (PDM) is an exercise performed by UNHCR and its partner agencies for all its CashBased interventions, based on an institutional-defined methodology and tools, that has also been adapted to the\nCOVID-19 context. This exercise covers various aspects of the programme, including process, implementation,\noutcomes of cash usage, survival strategies, protection aspects and communication and feedback mechanisms. The\nresults are analysed by a multi-functional team to adjust and improve the programme where necessary.\n\n### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nThis report presents the results of the PDM exercise carried out by UNHCR for refugees receiving cash assistance\n\nin the second semester of 2021. Through Multi-Purpose Grants (MPG) delivered via prepaid cards, UNHCR and 11\n\npartners disbursed a total of BRL 6,759,342 (USD 1,300,000) to 2,615 vulnerable households (7,779 persons) in 21\n\nstates across the country in 2021. The majority of the population is Venezuelan. Assistance is designed to\n\ncomplement public social protection programs in Brazil (for example, over 53,000 Venezuelans benefitted from\n\nAuxilio Brasil in November 2021) and allow refugee families to meet their basic needs and reduce the protection\n\nrisks associated with survival strategies. UNHCR also uses cash assistance to support Operation Welcome\u2019s\n\nvoluntary internal relocation strategy for those relocated through the employment-based modality as well as a shelter\nexit strategy to facilitate local integration.\n\n\nThe results of this monitoring exercise indicate that, as intended, almost all respondents use cash to meet their\n\nrunning essential household needs. The most prioritised expenses included rent, food, utilities, clothing, but also\n\nhealth-related expenditures. The percentage of persons of concern\u2019s (POCs) households who have a bank or mobile\n\nmoney account increased from 37% in 2020 to 67% in 2021. Higher inflation rates required UNHCR to review and\n\nincrease the MPG values in July 2021. Moreover, 64% of respondents indicated that cash assistance received\n\nsignificantly reduced the urgency to generate income to meet their basic needs. When asked about who decides\n\nhow to spend the assistance, respondents reported that women make the decision in 65% of the cases, underlining\n\nthat having the cards registered to women enhances their control over resources and boosts their self-confidence\n\nand decision-making power, while benefitting the entire family. In 2021, cash assistance was delivered to a total of\n\n2,039 female-headed families.\n\n\nAnother achievement is the reduction in the use of negative coping strategies. Though the majority of respondents\n\n(61%) reported using at least one negative coping strategy, this represents a 25% reduction when compared to 2020\n\nresults (86%). Furthermore, most people (72%) are more likely to buy less expensive food, and more than half of the\n\nrespondents also mentioned reducing food portions (60%) or number of meals in one day (56%) as common\n\nstrategies. Other prominent negative coping strategies not related to food consumption include reducing essential\n\nexpenditures on hygiene, water, baby items, health, or education, in order to meet food needs (73%). Nevertheless,\n\nthe positive psychosocial effects of cash assistance continue to be emphasized by the respondents, with many\n\nrespondents (61%) indicating that cash assistance had significantly reduced their feelings of stress and allowed them\n\nto improve their living conditions.\n\n\nThe feedback on service delivery is generally positive, with 83% of the respondents receiving the assistance on time.\n\nMost respondents (82%) reported feeling safe receiving, keeping, or spending the cash assistance. Feelings of\n\ninsecurity mainly relate to general levels of criminality and violence.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Key Question: How many persons of concern have been assisted with CBI?**1|**Key Question: How many persons of concern have been assisted with CBI?**1|**Key Question: How many persons of concern have been assisted with CBI?**1|\n|Indicator 1.1: # of persons of concern assisted with CBI|8,045|7,779|\n|Indicator 1.2: # cash transfers made|6,636|6,794|\n|Indicator 1.3: Total monetary value of cash transferred/ distributed|BRL 6,046,937|BRL 6,759,342|\n|**Key question: How efficient was the distribution process?**|**Key question: How efficient was the distribution process?**|**Key question: How efficient was the distribution process?**|\n|Indicator 2.1: % of persons of concern who received correct
transfer value delivered on time|100%|90%|\n|**Key question: Accountability: Is the CBI intervention accountable to persons of concern? (What**
**preferences do people have over how assistance is delivered?)**|**Key question: Accountability: Is the CBI intervention accountable to persons of concern? (What**
**preferences do people have over how assistance is delivered?)**|**Key question: Accountability: Is the CBI intervention accountable to persons of concern? (What**
**preferences do people have over how assistance is delivered?)**|\n|Indicator 3.1: % of persons of concern who are able to correctly
identify at least one of the locally available channels for raising
complaints or feedback with UNHCR about the cash assistance.|36.6%|21%|\n|Indicator 3.2: # of complaints received about CBI|30|20|\n|Indicator 3.3: % of persons of concern who rate CBI as their
preferred modality for assistance|59.3%|58%|\n|**Key question: Risks and problems: Did persons of concern face any problems with the CBI? Did the**
**CBI put persons of concern at additional risk?**|**Key question: Risks and problems: Did persons of concern face any problems with the CBI? Did the**
**CBI put persons of concern at additional risk?**|**Key question: Risks and problems: Did persons of concern face any problems with the CBI? Did the**
**CBI put persons of concern at additional risk?**|\n|Indicator 4.1: % of persons of concern who report feeling at risk
(unsafe) receiving, keeping or spending the cash assistance|17.2%|18%|\n|Indicator 4.2: % persons of concern who report facing one or
more problem receiving, keeping or spending the cash assistance|33.3%|39%|\n|**Key question: Markets and prices: Can persons of concern find what they need in the markets, at a**
**price they can afford?**|**Key question: Markets and prices: Can persons of concern find what they need in the markets, at a**
**price they can afford?**|**Key question: Markets and prices: Can persons of concern find what they need in the markets, at a**
**price they can afford?**|\n|Indicator 5.1: % of persons of concern who report being able to
find key items / services in the market when needed|92.6%|92.5%|\n|Indicator 5.2: % of persons of concern who report being able to
find key items / services of sufficient quality in shops/markets|94.6%|92%|\n|Indicator 5.3: % of persons of concern who report no increase in
prices of key items/services over the last 4 weeks|13.2%|11%|\n|**Key question: Outcomes: What changes is the cash assistance contributing to in persons of**
**concern households?**|**Key question: Outcomes: What changes is the cash assistance contributing to in persons of**
**concern households?**|**Key question: Outcomes: What changes is the cash assistance contributing to in persons of**
**concern households?**|\n|Indicator 7.1: % of persons of concern who report improved living
conditions|72.06%|73%|\n|Indicator 7.2: % of persons of concern who report reduced
feelings of stress|69.12%|61%|\n|Indicator 7.3: % of persons of concern who report being able to
meet all or more than half of the basic needs of their households|49.01%|42%|\n|**Key question: Has the cash assistance helped put persons of concern on the pathway to sustainable**
**solutions?**|**Key question: Has the cash assistance helped put persons of concern on the pathway to sustainable**
**solutions?**|**Key question: Has the cash assistance helped put persons of concern on the pathway to sustainable**
**solutions?**|\n|Indicator 8.1 % of persons of concern households who have a
bank account or mobile money account or other official account|37.25%|67%|\n|Indicator 8.2: % of persons of concern households who are on a
pathway to sustainable solutions|54.41%|75%|\n\n\n_1 This question considers information up to 31 December 2021._\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Venezuela, with Haiti, Cuba, Syrian Arab Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo as other top countries of\norigin. Most refugees live in the northern states of Roraima and Amazonas, as well as in urban and rural areas in\nstates such as S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Paran\u00e1. A study conducted by UNHCR and the World Bank found\nthat Venezuelans registered in the Unified Registry for Social Programs of the Brazilian government ( _Cadastro \u00danico)_\nare on average poorer than their Brazilian peers and that 72.3% of Venezuelans registered in _Cadastro \u00danico_ live in\nextreme poverty, compared to 48% of registered Brazilian nationals. [3] In this context, cash assistance plays a\nfundamental role to support refugees meet their basic needs, while also empowering them to determine their own\nneeds and the best way of meeting them.\n\n\nIn Brazil, the Government implements various social assistance programmes which target the local population,\nincluding refugees and migrants. For example, over 53,000 Venezuelans benefit from the conditional cash transfer\nprogram (known as Auxilio Brasil) in November 2021. [4] In addition, cash assistance has already been provided by\nUNHCR and partners for many years to support the most vulnerable refugees cover their basic needs and\ncomplement the benefits available under the Brazilian social assistance programs. Since June 2019, UNHCR\u2019s multipurpose grants are paid through prepaid cards with a financial service provider selected through a nationwide\ntendering process, providing persons of concern flexibility to use these cards at ATMs and a wide range of\ncommercial establishments.\n\n\nUNHCR provides MPGs to vulnerable Venezuelan and non-Venezuelan PoCs in need of humanitarian assistance\nand to support those to be relocated through the government\u2019s voluntary internal relocation strategy (interioriza\u00e7\u00e3o).\nIn 2021, UNHCR together with 11 partners assisted a total of 2,615 households (7,779 persons) in 21 states.\n\n\nCash assistance is provided after a thorough assessment process. Following a family\u2019s registration in UNHCR\u2019s\nregistration and case management system (ProGres V4), partner organizations carry out an evaluation to assess\nthe applicants\u2019 socio-economic situation and prioritize assistance requests based on pre-set vulnerability criteria,\nincluding persons at risk, with disabilities or serious medical conditions.\n\n\nAssistance is provided for up to 3 months, which can be extended for an additional three months after supplementary\nevaluations. The MPG value depends on family composition, and ranges from BRL 839 for one person and BRL\n1,284 for a family of 6 or more. The amount of assistance provided is standardized based on socio-economic publicly\navailable data through an annual costing survey (minimum expenditure basket). Beneficiaries receive the cash\ntransfer immediately after it is approved by UNHCR. Prepaid cards are distributed by partners and cash is transferred\nto the cards directly by UNHCR. During the COVID-19 emergency, cash assistance has been delivered following\nsecurity and preventive measures, reducing personal interactions with remote evaluations and registration.\n\n### 2.PDM METHODOLOGY\n\n\n- Details about the PDM:\n\n\n`o` Data was collected through phone calls made in November 2021 focusing on the families that received\nassistance during the second semester of 2021.\n\n\n`o` 15 enumerators supported this exercise (10 women and 5 men).\n\n\n_[2 UNHCR Global Focus, available at https://reporting.unhcr.org/brazil#toc-populations](https://reporting.unhcr.org/brazil#toc-populations)_\n\n_[3 Full text of this research is available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35358/Integration-of-Venezuelan-Refugees-and-Migrants-in-](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35358/Integration-of-Venezuelan-Refugees-and-Migrants-in-Brazil.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)_\n_[Brazil.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35358/Integration-of-Venezuelan-Refugees-and-Migrants-in-Brazil.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)_\n\n_4 For more information, see_\n_[https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMmVmNGNkOWEtZjQ2Yi00ZjFlLWExMzQtMjAxNjg2YjMxMzM3IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5Y](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMmVmNGNkOWEtZjQ2Yi00ZjFlLWExMzQtMjAxNjg2YjMxMzM3IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)_\n_[zhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMmVmNGNkOWEtZjQ2Yi00ZjFlLWExMzQtMjAxNjg2YjMxMzM3IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)_\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration and case management system", - "confidence": 0.9200376272201538, - "start": 369, - "end": 374 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9169565439224243, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7206998467445374, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual costing survey", - "confidence": 0.9686644673347473, - "start": 480, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6224626302719116, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6452695727348328, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5710735321044922, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5566989183425903, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.6749201416969299, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5634503960609436, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6193538308143616, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6074538826942444, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Focus", - "confidence": 0.674422562122345, - "start": 603, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.8198790550231934, - "start": 625, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Respondents were selected randomly from the ProGres database out of the total pool of beneficiaries\nwho received the assistance from August to November 2021.\n\n`o` With a 95% confidence level, and 7% for confidence interval, the sample size needed for the total of\nhouseholds (HH) assisted was 182. Nevertheless, a total of 400 HH were selected to address the high\nmobility and lack of phone numbers on record.\n\n`o` A total of 174 households answered, out of which 141 were headed by women.\n\n\n- Limitations and challenges faced:\n\n\n`o` PoCs are usually registered at the border state of Roraima; however, many individuals continue their\njourney to the country resulting, on most occasions, in a change of phone number. As data is collected\nusing phone calls, this represents a real challenge. An alternative was to reach respondents through\nWhatsApp for those that were not initially answering.\n\n`o` This monitoring exercise was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, under the impact of restrictive\nmeasures to combat the spread of the disease.\n\n### 3.KEY FINDINGS\n\n**Household demographics**\n\n\n\n\n- Average household size 3.8\n\n- Nationalities: 97% Venezuelans and 3% other\n\nnationalities\n\n- Number of people by age group who live in the\n\nsame household:\n\n`o` 46% of families are composed of adults (18 to\n\n59 years old).\n\n`o` 33% include children between 5 and 17 years\n\nold.\n\n\n\n\n|Number of respondents disaggregated by age
and gender|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Age**|**Age**|**Gender**|**Gender**|\n|**# Cases**|**Age range**|**# Cases**|**Gender**|\n|104|18-35 yrs|141|female|\n|62|36-59 yrs|31|male|\n|8|60 yrs +|2|other|\n|**174**||**174**||\n\n\n\n\n`o` 17% of household have children from 0 to 4 years old\n\n`o` 4% of households have people over 60 years old.\n\n - Women and children represented 50 % and 33 % of the sample respectively. 81% of the families\n\ninterviewed were female headed households.\n\n - Breakdown of respondents by State: S\u00e3o Paulo (33,3%); Federal District (17,2%); Amazonas (11,5%);\n\nRio de Janeiro (10,9%); Rio Grande do Sul (8%); Santa Catarina (6,3%); Roraima (3,4%); Minas\n\nGerais (2.3%); Goi\u00e1s (0.6%), Mato Grosso (0.6%); Paran\u00e1 (0,6%).\n\n - The average amount given to beneficiaries in each disbursement was BRL 1,053.\n\n#### **3.1. RECEIVING AND SPENDING CASH ASSISTANCE**\n\n\n50% of the respondents indicated receiving 3 allotments, 20% 2 allotments, 20% 1 allotment and 10%\nhave received between 4 and 6\n\n- On the use of the assistance, participants reported that in 65% of the cases the decision was made\nby a woman; in 15% of the cases, it was taken by the couple together; in 9% the entire family unit\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ProGres database", - "confidence": 0.995918333530426, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8225700259208679, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.930696964263916, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.8018525838851929, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PoCs", - "confidence": 0.7523394823074341, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Roraima", - "confidence": 0.8353358507156372, - "start": 120, - "end": 121 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring exercise", - "confidence": 0.6786914467811584, - "start": 179, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8313508629798889, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RECEIVING AND SPENDING CASH ASSISTANCE", - "confidence": 0.553425669670105, - "start": 600, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6821862459182739, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "amount and 19% answered that they received different values than expected.\n\n\n- 83% of the participants interviewed reported having received the amount on the expected date and\n16% reported a delay.\n\n- The following chart shows the main source of income identified by the respondents to complement the cash\n\nassistance provided by UNHCR:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **Risks and Problems**\n\n- Most of the participants reported feeling safe (82%) receiving, keeping, or spending the cash\nassistance. When asking about facing one or more problems receiving, keeping or spending the cash\nassistance, (18%) participants indicated the main problems were of a practical nature, namely the\nregistered person is not available to withdraw the money, receiving a wrong pin code or forgetting the\none received, and/or not been able to enter the PIN code by themselves. When asked in the focus\ngroups some participants recall asking the bank directly for support or contacting the partner\norganization.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Key question: Risks and problems: Did persons of concern
face any problems with the CBI? Did the CBI put persons of
concern at additional risk?|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|Indicator 4.1: % of persons of concern who report feeling at risk
(unsafe) receiving, keeping or spending the cash assistance|17.2%|18%|\n|Indicator 4.2: % persons of concern who report facing one or more
problems receiving, keeping or spending the cash assistance|33.3%|39%|\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "chart", - "confidence": 0.717831015586853, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.7637079358100891, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CBI", - "confidence": 0.81175696849823, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9717442989349365, - "start": 191, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CBI", - "confidence": 0.5509980916976929, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9475483894348145, - "start": 191, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the inflation rate in 2020 (4.52%). In July 2021, the multipurpose values were reviewed and\nincreased, and for 2022 an analysis of the percentage that the MPG represents in the minimum\nexpenditure basked will be performed.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Key question: Markets and prices: Can persons of concern
find what they need in the markets, at a price they can afford?|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|Indicator 5.1: % of persons of concern who report being able to find
key items / services in the market when needed|92.6%|93%|\n|Indicator 5.2: % of persons of concern who report being able to find
key items / services of sufficient quality in shops/markets|94.6%|92%|\n|Indicator 5.3: % of persons of concern who report no increased in
prices of key items/services over the last 4 weeks|13.2%|11%|\n\n\n#### **3.3. Expenditures**\n\n- On the use of the cash assistance, 84% of the participants indicated that they had already spent all\nthe money received; 16% saved part of the value received.\n\n- More than 91% of the participants reported, as intended, spending their cash on rent and food. The\nfollowing table provides an overview on the amount spent by respondents on various items.\n\n\n\n\n\n_[5 Instituto Brasileiro Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE)](https://www.ibge.gov.br/indicadores)_\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inflation rate", - "confidence": 0.6420608758926392, - "start": 1, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.575731098651886, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8382274508476257, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9269368648529053, - "start": 54, - "end": 57 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Indicator", - "confidence": 0.7132713794708252, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.5294173955917358, - "start": 179, - "end": 182 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "urgency to generate income, as they previously used a lot of resources to purchase the items they\nbought with the assistance; 18% that there was a moderate reduction; and 17% that there was\nonly a slight reduction.\n\n- 61% of the respondents indicated that there was a significant reduction of the stress situation; 21%\nthat there was a moderate reduction; 14% that there was a slight reduction; and 4% pointed out\nthat there was no reduction in stress.\n\n- When asked about their ability to provide basic needs for their homes at the time of the interview,\n42% manage to supply all or more than half of basic needs; 24% reported that they are able to\nsupply half of the needs; 26% manage to supply less than half of the needs; and 7% cannot meet\nbasic needs.\n\n**Coping Mechanisms**\n\n- 61% of respondents reported still using at least one negative coping strategy, which is a reduction\nfrom 86% in the previous reporting period. The following strategies related to food consumption\nwere recorded: (a) buying less expensive and less preferred foods (72%); (b) borrow food or help\nfrom friends or relatives (43%); (c) limit the portion size of the food (60%); (d) restrict the\nconsumption of adults for children to eat (40%); and (e) reduce the number of meals in one day\n(56%).\n\n- The chart below reflects coping strategies not related to food consumption which respondents used\nto purchase food. Compared to previous year these percentages have reduced.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Key question: Outcomes: What changes is the cash
assistance contributing to in persons of concern households?|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|Indicator 7.1: % of persons of concern who report improved living
conditions|72.06%|73%|\n|Indicator 7.2: % of persons of concern who report reduced feelings
of stress|69.12%|61%|\n|Indicator 7.3: % of persons of concern who report being able to
meet all or more than half of the basic needs of their households|49.01%|42%|\n|Indicator 7.4: % persons of concern households reporting using
one or more negative coping strategy in the last 4 weeks.|86.27%|61%|\n\n#### **3.5. LONGER-TERM OUTCOMES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Cash assistance in Brazil is used by the operation as a key tool to help the most vulnerable to\ncover their survival needs and bridge gaps until inclusion in sustainable pathways, including the\nnational social protection system and labour market, is attained. Cash assistance is generally\nprovided up to 3 months for PoCs with specific needs and critical levels of vulnerabilities, though\nit can be extended for up to 6 months. A one-off MPG is also given in the employment-based\nmodality of interiorization to support the first month upon arrival at the destination, until the\nbeneficiary receives the first salary.\n\n\n- 32,8% of the respondents reported having productive assets, in the form of small street vendor\nbusinesses. However, two out of three respondents indicated not to have the means to guarantee\ntheir families' subsistence. For those with productive assets, this may bring some loss risks due to\nthe potential confiscation of the products by the authorities, or even security risks for having their\nassets stolen in the streets. Health risks are also present when restrictions imposed by the COVID19 situation are not observed.\n\n- 67% of participants indicated to have an account with a bank or other financial institution, _**which**_\n_**represents an increase of more than 100% from last year)**_ . 33% of respondents do not have\nan account.\n\n- 7% of the respondents indicated having access to microcredit, but the large majority (90%)\nmentioned not to have such access.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Key question: Has the cash assistance helped put persons of
concern on the pathway to sustainable solutions?|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|Indicator 8.1 % of persons of concern households who have a bank
account or mobile money account or other official account|37.25%|67%|\n|Indicator 8.2: % of persons of concern households who are on a
pathway to sustainable solutions|54.41%|75%|\n\n\n#### **3.6. ACCOUNTABILITY TO AFFECTED PERSONS**\n\nIn focus groups all the participants reported receiving information on how UNHCR\u2019s cash assistance\nworks, in line with the SOP requiring partners to distribute an informative brochure and send the CBI\ninformative video with the delivery of the prepaid card. Respondents feel the material shared by UNHCR\npartners contains important and useful information. All respondents indicated receiving the informative\nbrochure but didn\u2019t remember the information included and did not know how to raise complaints or ask\nquestions.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Indicator 7.1", - "confidence": 0.6408799886703491, - "start": 42, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.5869771242141724, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern households", - "confidence": 0.9840342998504639, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Indicator", - "confidence": 0.7970878481864929, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern households", - "confidence": 0.985363781452179, - "start": 522, - "end": 526 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Key question: Accountability: Is the CBI intervention
accountable to persons of concern? (What preferences do
people have over how assistance is delivered?)|Baseline|Actual|\n|---|---|---|\n|Indicator 3.1: % of persons of concern who are able to correctly
identify at least one of the locally available channels for raising
complaints or feedback with UNHCR about the cash assistance.|36.6%|21%|\n|Indicator 3.2: # of complaints received about CBI|30|20|\n|Indicator 3.3: % of persons of concern who rate CBI as their
preferred modality for assistance|59.31%|58%|\n\n\n### 4.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n#### **4.1. Conclusions**\n\n\n - The results of this PDM show that cash assistance works, it has a positive impact on the\nimprovement of the refugees\u2019 short-term, emergency living conditions and on the local economy.\nBrazil presents many opportunities and potential to expand the use of cash in refugee response,\ndue to the strong local markets and the robust delivery mechanisms and financial service\nproviders.\n\n - This post distribution monitoring exercise also shows that, in line with the Office priorities to reach\nmost at-risk refugee households, most recipients of UNHCR\u2019s cash assistance are highly\nvulnerable households and not able to meet their basic food needs taking into consideration their\neconomic capacities, livelihoods resilience and food consumption score.\n\n - Considering that 2021 ended with a two-digit inflation rate, a revision of the grant values is needed,\ntogether with an analysis of the duration of the assistance, to potentially contribute to a greater\nreduction in the use of negative coping mechanisms.\n\n - In addition, there is a need to further strengthen links between cash assistance and complementary\nprotection support services, including the use of cash in the areas of GBV and child protection\ncase management.\n\n\n - Upon delivery of the prepaid card, PoCs are provided with general information about the use of\nthis modality, including feedback mechanisms, how to use the card, costs of withdrawals, how to\ncheck their balance and report any incident. However, during the focus groups, respondents\nevidenced a lack of familiarity with basic issues related to the use of the prepaid card and\nhighlighted not recalling the content of the information they had previously received. In this sense,\nthere is a need to work with partners and PoCs to simplify the messages, broaden the channels of\ncommunication and deliver better tailored information campaigns to address this gap.\n\n\n - The positive results attained through cash assistance, as for instance evidenced by the significant\nincrease in the number of households who have a bank account, demonstrate the effectiveness of\nembedding cash in livelihood activities such as skills training, budget management/prioritization\nand access to financial services. These actions have successfully strengthened the beneficiaries\u2019\nself-reliance.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "together, and what combinations of assistance can create greater impact.\n\n - As more organizations are starting using cash assistance, there is a need to develop a coordinated\nand standardized package of MPGs within the R4V Cash Working Group, complemented by sector\nspecific assistance.\n\n - A revision of the Minimum Expenditure Basket at Cash working group is needed in order to improve\nthe complementarity of assistance and enhance impact, given the limited resources.\n\n\n - Together with protection and livelihood units, discuss a possible evaluation on other sectoral\ninterventions (in-kind) or referral mechanisms, and how they have impacted the wellbeing of\npersons of concern together with the strategic use of cash assistance.\n\n - Within the Cash Working Group, continue to promote the implementation of data-sharing\narrangements among organizations providing cash assistance with a view to reduce the risk of\noverlap of beneficiaries.\n\n - Continue to elaborate Communication with Communities (CwC) materials on identified topics,\nincluding the good use of cash, complaint, and feedback mechanisms.\n\n - Continue to monitor and analyse in more depth the interplay between UNHCR\u2019s cash assistance\nprogram and the national social protection programs.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/159cd338-fa94-304d-9168-7f3ba15a9793/Brazil%20-%20Cash-Based%20interventions%20Report%20-%20December%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_261/raw/doc_261_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_261/raw/doc_261_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 494ab6628c9b17fe41a60475104c58c31b0ccbd2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_261/raw/doc_261_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Climate &** **Sustainability** **Interventions**\n#### BRAZIL\n\n_November 2024_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "deeply interconnected. Brazil is witnessing a dramatic rise in\nextreme climate events, with severe floods, droughts, and\nfires impacting millions annually, while also affecting\ndisplacement dynamics. In 2023 alone, the country\nrecorded 745,000 displacements caused by disasters\u00b3. In\n2024, severe floodings and landslides in Rio Grande do Sul\naffected over two million people. Brazil\u2019s diverse geography\nand social landscape exacerbate the complexities of\nresponding to these crises. In the Amazon region, one of the\nmain entry point for refugees and other forcibly displaced\npeople to Brazil, severe droughts and environmental\ndegradation disproportionately harm indigenous and\ntraditional communities, limiting mobility and access to\ncritical services. The State of Roraima in the Amazon region\n[is home to almost 12,000 indigenous refugees from](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMjlmNzdiODctYjMwZC00NjkzLWI0YzctY2VmZDdjYzJmMDQxIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\nVenezuela who face compounded challenges to access\ntheir rights, including collective rights, and local integration\nopportunities adapted to their socio-cultural needs.\nMeanwhile, the State of Acre faces compounded\nvulnerabilities due to mixed population movements and\nextreme climate events. Coastal areas and the Northeast\nexperience rising sea levels, intense heatwaves, and semiarid conditions, underscoring the varied risks across the\ncountry. These realities demand a region-specific, inclusive\napproach to the impacts of climate change, including\nmitigation, adaptation, resilience-building and disaster risk\nreduction measures.\n\n\n\nenvironmental sustainability of UNHCR\u2019s activities.\n\n\nUNHCR is intensifying its climate action efforts to enhance\nprotection, foster adaptation and resilience, and ensure that\nits own operations are environmentally sustainable. To\naddress the complex challenges at the intersection of climate\nchange and displacement, UNHCR in Brazil is focusing on\nfostering environmental awareness and enhancing resilience\namong refugees and host communities, while also\ncontributing to adaptation and disaster risk reduction policies\nand reducing the ecological footprint of UNHCR\u2019s operations.\n\nThese efforts are closely aligned with the Sustainable\nDevelopment Goals (SDGs) and form a core component of\n[UNHCR\u2019s Strategic Plan for Climate Action 2024-2030, which](https://reporting.unhcr.org/climate-action-focus-area-strategic-plan-2024-2030)\nemphasizes the importance of addressing the interconnected\nchallenges of climate change, displacement, and sustainable\ndevelopment. UNHCR\u2019s response to the growing global\nclimate emergency provides a common framework and\napproach under three core pillars: **operations, law and**\n**policy, and \u201cgreening\u201d UNHCR.** Through targeted\ninterventions, UNHCR in Brazil aims to build more resilient\ncommunities and ecosystems while advocating for\nsustainable solutions to the climate and displacement crises.\n\n\n\n1. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), \u201cNo escape: On the frontlines of climate change, conflict and forced displacement\u201d (2024). Available at:\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/no-escape-frontlines-climate-change-conflict-and-forced-displacement.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/no-escape-frontlines-climate-change-conflict-and-forced-displacement)\n\n2. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affiars, \u201cOverview of disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean\n\n[2000-2022\" (2023). Available at: https://www.undrr.org/media/89900/download?startDownload=20241205.](https://www.undrr.org/media/89900/download?startDownload=20241205)\n\n[3. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), \"2024 Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID)\" (2024). Available at: api.internal-](http://api.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC-GRID-2024-Global-Report-on-Internal-Displacement.pdf)\n\n[displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC-GRID-2024-Global-Report-on-Internal-Displacement.pdf.](http://api.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC-GRID-2024-Global-Report-on-Internal-Displacement.pdf)\n[4. See also UNHCR's Multi-Stakeholder Pledge on Climate Action, launched under the 2023 Global Refugee Forum.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/pledges-contributions/multi-stakeholder-pledges-2023/multi-stakeholder-pledge-climate-action)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS, UNHCR IN BRAZIL **NOVEMBER 2024** | 3\n\n### **UNHCR's climate action in Brazil**\n\n##### **Operations**\n\n\n**SUSTAINABILITY CENTRE**\n\n\n\nIn an effort to align humanitarian interventions with\nenvironmental stewardship, UNHCR Brazil is increasingly\nintegrating environmentally conscious practices into its\noperational framework. At the core of UNHCR's commitment\nto sustainability lies the **Sustainable Centre, created in**\n**2022 in Boa Vista, the capital of Roraima at the border**\n**with Venezuela.** This is the space where UNHCR and the\npartner organization Fraternidade Sem Fronteiras carry out\ntechnical and educational activities to engage refugees on\nenvironmental issues, fostering sustainable methodologies\nand empowering communities for long-term development. In\nthis facility, initiatives such as seedling planting, aquaponics,\nvegetable gardening, and rainwater harvesting have been\nimplemented, empowering refugee volunteers under the\nguidance of UNHCR's technical expertise.\n\n\nIn 2024 alone, the Centre organized afforestation and\nreforestation activities within the shelter Rondon 5, reaching\napproximately 50 families. This initiative improved the\nshelter environment and provided participants with\n\n\n\nknowledge on sustainability, environmental awareness, and\nconservation. The Centre will support similar efforts at the\nWaraotuma and Tuaranoko Shelters by donating 60\nseedlings of Oiti, Yellow Ip\u00ea, and Purple Ip\u00ea species,\nfostering community involvement in environmental\npreservation. As part of a broader effort centered on\nproducing edible and tree seedlings, the Centre produced\n3,800 seedlings in 2024. This initiative involves developing\npartnerships for acquiring additional seedlings and\ndonations to shelters and partners, including the donation of\n500 fruit seedlings to the indigenous communities of\nBananal and Sorocaima. Additionally, planting activities took\nplace near the Sustainability Centre, alongside the\nestablishment of three urban gardens\u2014two in shelters and\none in a mixed residential area with local residents and\nrefugees and other forcibly displaced people. These\ninitiatives not only enhance environmental sustainability but\nalso foster community engagement, economic benefits, and\nsocial integration, ultimately creating a more resilient and\nharmonious local community.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS, UNHCR IN BRAZIL **NOVEMBER 2024** | 4\n\n\n\nIn specific shelters in Roraima transitioning from traditional\non-grid lighting fixtures, dependent on the public electricity\nnetwork, to off-grid solar automated alternatives were\nimplemented. This transition not only lowers energy costs\nbut also **notably reduces environmental pressure.** It's\nparticularly significant in Roraima, as the state operates\nprimarily on locally generated thermal power, a significant\nsource of greenhouse gas emissions, due to its isolation\nfrom the national electricity grid.\n\n\n\n\n\n**IMPROVED WATER MANAGEMENT**\n**IN SUPPORTED SHELTERS**\n\n\nIn response to the urgent challenges presented by droughts\nin northern Brazil, UNHCR has also enacted a\ncomprehensive water contingency plan. This plan\nemphasized **sustainable water management practices,**\nincorporating structural adjustments such as gravity-based\nsystems for laundry and bathrooms, as well as initiatives like\nrainwater harvesting and the installation of drinking water\nfountains. These combined measures effectively reduced\nwater wastage and improved overall water resource\nmanagement.\n\n\n\n**SUSTAINABLE HOUSING AND SHELTER**\n\n\nTo ensure sustainable integration and promote self-reliance,\nUNHCR will continue to **expand the implementation of**\n**innovative and sustainable initiatives to address housing**\n**challenges of refugee communities** . In Roraima, the\necofriendly shelter units will continue to be expanded through\nthe replacement of Refugee Housing Units (RHUs) with\nTransitional Shelter Units (TSUs) in shelters under Operation\nWelcome. In S\u00e3o Paulo, leveraging the success of the\n[\"Ref\u00fagio na Cidade\" initiative, sustainable housing programs](https://www.acnur.org/br/noticias/comunicados-imprensa/acnur-apoia-projeto-de-empregabilidade-de-pessoas-refugiadas-em-sao)\nwill be further promoted and expanded, ensuring access to\nhousing for refugees and other forcibly displaced people.\n\n\n**CARBON CREDIT FEASIBILITY STUDY**\n\n\nUNHCR will launch a **feasibility study on carbon credit-**\n**financed reforestation programs in Roraima** that would link\nrefugees and host communities to the global carbon markets,\nmaking them part of the worldwide movement to fight climate\nchange. The study will assess the technical viability of largescale refugee-led carbon credits plantations, that would\ngenerate an income that these communities can re-invest in\nnew reforestation initiatives, as well as livelihood programs\nthat boost their socioeconomic integration. The study will\nprovide recommendations for project development strategies\nthat mitigate risks and maximize financial results.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS, UNHCR IN BRAZIL **NOVEMBER 2024** | 5\n\n\n\n**SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AND GREEN JOBS**\n\n\n**UNHCR promotes climate-resilient and environmentally**\n**sustainable livelihoods through a series of interventions**\n**targeting refugees and other forcibly displaced people.**\nFollowing a mapping of Refugee-Led Organizations (RLOs)\nworking with topics of climate mitigation, UNHCR started to\nsupport these organizations facilitating connections to\nopportunities, including training and funding. UNHCR is also\ncollaborating with sustainable entrepreneurs to promote\nenvironmentally conscious business practices among\nmembers of the _[Refugiados Empreendedores](https://www.refugiadosempreendedores.com.br/)_ Platform.\n\nAdditionally, training refugee workers for green jobs supports\neconomic resilience and ensures everyone is included in the\nshift to a sustainable future. To help refugees integrate into the\ngreen economy and foster their livelihoods, UNHCR will\nprovide skill training in upcycling, environmental education,\ngreen jobs, and bioeconomy. These trainings will be offered to\nindigenous and non-indigenous refugees in Roraima,\nAmazonas, and Par\u00e1. Additionally, UNHCR is connecting\nrefugees with eco-friendly employers\n\nUNHCR has also been liaising with the NGOs specialized in\nreforestation to engage indigenous refugees who live in rural\nregions in the restoration of degraded areas, promoting both\nenvironmental conservation and potential livelihood\nopportunities. Overall, the UNHCR\u2019s multifaceted approach\naims to create resilient livelihoods, empower refugees and\nforcibly displaced people, while addressing climate challenges.\n\n\n\n**SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES' PRACTICES**\n\n\nExpanding on the best practices implemented at the\nSustainability Centre in Boa Vista, Roraima, UNHCR will\n**further develop sustainable communities\u2019 practices in**\n**other parts of the country.** Training sessions will be\nprovided on sustainable practices tailored to the needs of\nrefugee and indigenous communities. These sessions will\nfocus on eco-friendly practices, resource conservation,\nclimate resilience, green job skills, and sustainable resource\nand waste management, all aimed at enhancing their\neconomic empowerment.\n\n\n**INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES**\n**ENGAGING IN SUSTAINABLE FARMING**\n\n\nThe city of Cant\u00e1, Roraima, hosts some 140 Warao and Kari\u00f1a\nindigenous persons living in a self-organized community\nbased on subsistence farming. To address the needs that the\ncommunity expressed during participatory consultations,\nUNHCR and the University of Aalto, Finland, **conducted**\n**capacity strengthening sessions on composting and piloted**\n**a rainwater gathering system,** providing water for personal\nhygiene and irrigation purposes. Participants produced a\nbooklet to disseminate these best practices, and the lessons\nthey learned throughout the process, among other\nindigenous and rural communities.\n\n\n##### **Emergency response to severe floodings** **and landslides in Rio Grande Do Sul**\n\n\n\nUNHCR supported the climate emergency response to the\nsevere floods and landslides of May 2024 affecting 478 cities\nin Rio Grande do Sul state. According to official data, more\nthan 2,3 million people were affected by the floods, with over\n580,000 people having been displaced. An estimate of\n43,000 refugees and others in need of international\nprotection were living in the state when 96 per cent of its\nterritory was severely impacted by the floods.\n\n\nFollowing the Government's request for support, UNHCR\nestablished an emergency operation focused on three areas\nmore severely impacted and hosting the highest\nconcentration of refugees and Brazilians affected: (i) the\nmetropolitan area of Porto Alegre, (ii) cities of the\n\n\n\nTaquari river valley (the most severely destroyed area) and\n(iii) the mountain range area located around the city of\nCaxias do Sul (named \"Serra Ga\u00facha\" region). UNHCR's\nresponse is done in coordination with the Government, UN\nagencies and the whole of society, and include provision of\nprotection services (also working together with the refugee\ncommunities present to disseminate information); technical\nassistance to the Government for Shelter and Site Planning,\nand provision of 308 RHUs; training for Camp Coordination\nand Camp Management; provision of cash assistance to the\nmost vulnerable cases; distribution of blankets, jerry cans,\nhygiene kits, solar lamps, sleeping mats, mosquito nets; and\nsupport to the State Government on preparedness and\ncontingency planning.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Law and Policy**\n\n**COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND AWARENESS**\n**WITHIN THE WHOLE OF SOCIETY**\n\n\n\nTo strengthen the role of refugee communities in\naddressing climate change impacts, refugee-led\norganizations (RLOs) in different parts of the country are\nbeing trained and empowered to promote socio\nrelated to the 2025 UN Climate Change Conference\n(UNFCCC COP30) in Bel\u00e9m to strengthen communities in\ntheir participation in important decision-making processes.\n\nAdditionally, UNHCR is collaborating with various\nstakeholders to address the interconnected challenges of\nclimate change and displacement. As part of the 2024\nWorld Refugee Day celebration in Brazil, UNHCR, in\ncollaboration with the Embassy of Canada and the Ministry\nof the Environment and Climate Change, organized the\nseminar \u201c **Climate Change, Displacement, and Human**\n**Rights: Contributions to the Development of Public**\n**Policies** \u201d, held in Bel\u00e9m. The event brought together\nexperts from civil society and academia, government,\nrefugee-led organizations, international organizations,\ndevelopment banks, and the private sector to discuss and\ndevelop contributions to policies, plans, and initiatives\nrelated to climate change and its linkages with human\ndisplacement. During the event, policy recommendations\nwere discussed aiming at contributing to reflections on the\nNational Climate Plan and the preparation for the upcoming\n2025 UN Climate Change Conference COP30 in Brazil. The\n[recordings of the individual sessions can be found here.](https://here/)\n\nAlso, UNHCR continues to promote and engage in debates\n[with the academia, including the Sergio Vieira de Mello](https://www.acnur.org/br/o-que-fazemos/catedra-sergio-vieira-de-mello)\n[Chairs, Justice System and the whole of government, private](https://www.acnur.org/br/o-que-fazemos/catedra-sergio-vieira-de-mello)\nsector, expert civil society organizations and communities to\nfoster new ideas on how to better address linkages\nbetween climate change and displacement.\n\n##### **Greening the Blue**\n\n\nUNHCR in is part of the \u2018Greening the Blue\u2019 project to\nreduce the environmental impact of UN offices worldwide. In\nthe framework of this initiative the office shares data on the\nconsumption of energy and water and garbage collection in\nBrazil and is progressively introducing sustainable practices\ninto the operation. These include considering environmental\n\n\n\nUNHCR is actively participating in the creation and revision\nof national and municipal (Porto Alegre and Belem) climate\nand disaster and risk reduction plans. UNHCR is working to\nensure the inclusion of refugees and other forcibly\ndisplaced people, and of the issue of climate-driven\ndisplacement, in disaster risk reduction and climate\nadaptation strategies.\n\nMoreover, UNHCR provides technical support to local\nauthorities in assessing risks and impacts affecting refugees\nand other people living in areas especially exposed to\nclimate-extreme events or disasters, such as Rio Grande do\nSul and Amazonas states. UNHCR is contributing to\ncommunication efforts to ensure that refugees and migrants\nhave timely access to official information on prevention and\nassistance to disasters.\n\n\n**LEGISLATIVE ENGAGEMENT**\n\n\nIn Brazil, UNHCR contributes to proposals for normative\n\nimprovement to protect forcibly displaced people affected\nby climate change and extreme weather events. UNHCR\nengages in policy discussions on internal displacement due\nto environmental and climate-related events, focusing on\nprevention, access to essential services, inclusion in\nresponse and reconstruction plans, and reparation. By\nproviding expertise and participating in public hearings and\nconsultations, UNHCR ensures international protection\nstandards are met, safeguarding the rights and well-being of\nrefugees and other forcibly displaced people.\n\n\ndimensions in procurement processes and promoting staff\nawareness on waste reduction. Moreover, UNHCR is looking\nto secure funding to equip its offices with on-Grid\nPhotovoltaic Solar Energy Generating Systems that would\nreduce electricity consumption and preserve natural\nresources.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Climate &** **Sustainability** **Interventions**\n###### BRAZIL\n\n_November 2024_\n\n\nFor additional information on UNHCR\u2019s Brazil Climate Action, please contact:\n\n\n[Jose Manuel C\u00e1ceres, External Relations Officer - caceres@unhcr.org](mailto:caceres@unhcr.org)\n[Ana Gama Dias, Senior External Relations Assistant - gamadias@unhcr.org](mailto:gamadias@unhcr.org)\n\n\nUNHCR partners in Brazil UNHCR supporters in Brazil\n\n\nDonor countries of UNHCR in Brazil and global programmes with flexible funding that supports the humanitarian response in the country\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s private sector donors\n\n\nUNHCR Brazil is also thankful for the important support of and partnerships with other UN agencies, Brazilian authorities (at federal, state and municipal levels) and\ncivil society organizations working together to deliver the emergency response and in the regular programmes of the Brazilian operation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28ee38be-22ae-4f84-9d95-71355ff5387c/Brazil%20-%20Climate%20%20Sustainability%20Interventions%20-%20November%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_262/raw/doc_262_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_262/raw/doc_262_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8d6714a5f00b862a4f658c2bd76c6c178197a258..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_262/raw/doc_262_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SEXUAL and GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n## **REFUGEES in Jordan**\n\n##### **Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Sub-Working Group** **June 2015**\n\n**Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, almost 4,000,000** **[1]** **Syrians have fled to neighboring countries. Over 628,427**\n**of these Syrian refugees have come to Jordan and live in camps and non-camp settings. Additionally, 47, 000 Iraqi refugees are**\n**also registered in Jordan. Traditional protection networks have broken down, which has increased the vulnerability of women,**\n**girls, boys and men to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).** **[2 ]**\n\nThis Briefing Note is intended for distribution among a wide range of actors in the Jordanian humanitarian refugee response to\nsupport them to understand SGBV issues faced by refugees in Jordan and the response mechanisms in place. Refugee\ncoordination sectors, Government and non-government actors, UN and non-UN agencies, donors and the media are among the\ntargeted audience.\n\n#### **SGBV among refugees in Jordan**\n\nNumerous assessments have been conducted to better understand the challenges that Syrian women, girls, boys and men face\nregarding SGBV in Jordan. The findings coincide with the reports generated by the Gender-Based Violence Information\nManagement System (GBVIMS) Task Force that identifies among others the following forms of SGBV: domestic violence, early\nmarriage, and sexual violence. [3] A prominent concern expressed by Syrian adolescent boys and girls is physical and psychological\nviolence committed by family members. [4]\n\n\n##### **Disclosure and Stigma**\n\nSurvivors are often afraid to speak openly about SGBV and\nto discuss what has happened to them, because they may\nface abuse from family and/or community members. Men\nand boys who have experienced sexual violence are also\nreluctant to report incidents because of serious stigma\nattached to SGBV against males. Individuals with specific\nneeds and diverse background face additional social\nchallenges when disclosing violence, particularly people\nwith disabilities and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender\nand Intersex (LGBTI).\n\n##### **Domestic Violence**\n\nDomestic violence is the most commonly reported form of\nSGBV both inside and outside the camps. The 2014 GBVIMS\nEnd of Year Report (2014) indicates that 50.7% of the\nsurvivors seeking support services are survivors of physical\nassault and psychological abuse mostly perpetrated by\nspouses or other close family members. SGBV incidents are\nmost often reported as perpetrated by close relatives such\nas spouses or primary care givers. Syrian women have\nreported that their husbands have to cope with intense\nstress due to the lack of livelihood opportunities and that\nthis may increase physical and psychological violence\nagainst them and against children within the home. [5]\n\n\n##### **Early and Forced marriage [6]**\n\nEarly marriage is a culturally accepted practice for many\nSyrian refugees in Jordan. Parents believe that marriage\nmight secure a better future for their children and ease the\nfinancial burden on families who depend on humanitarian\naid. In 2014, the SGBV SWG has noted a sharp increase in\nearly marriages of Syrians in Jordan. Of all registered\nmarriages in Jordan for 2013, 13% involved girls younger\nthan 18 years old - a figure that has remained relatively\nconsistent for the past decade.\n\n\nUNFPA/IMC Women and Girls Centre, Azraq. Photo: UNOPS/Alison Cassells\n\n\n\n1. [http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php)\n2. Findings from the Inter-Agency UNHCR Participatory Assessments, 2015.\n[3. The GBVIMS End of Year Report 2014 is available at: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=8326](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=8326)\n4. Safety Audit Zaatari Refugee Camp 2014.\n5. Findings from the Inter-Agency UNHCR Participatory Assessments, 2015\n6. Forced marriage is defined as \u201cthe marriage of an individual against her or his will\u201d. (GBVIMS User Guide 2010). Early or child marriage (marriage under the\nage of legal consent) is a form of forced marriage as the children are not legally competent to agree to such unions. SGBV against Refugees, Returnees and\nInternally Displaced Persons, (UNHCR, 2003). The legal age of marriage in Jordan is set at 18 years as stipulated in article (10) of the Personal Status Law, but\nmarriage above 15 can be allowed through a special approval from Sharia court judges.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV", - "confidence": 0.5006170272827148, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.963750958442688, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian adolescent boys and girls", - "confidence": 0.7270294427871704, - "start": 305, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV", - "confidence": 0.593625009059906, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6494855880737305, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8722818493843079, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9863789081573486, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8083401918411255, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2014 GBVIMS\nEnd of Year Report", - "confidence": 0.8676154613494873, - "start": 452, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8782868385314941, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5856815576553345, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9959602952003479, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.957389235496521, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e3a2ef-6dbf-3f58-b41a-aac86ea8fa65/BriefingNoteSGBV_2015_FinalJune30.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Men's yoga classes at Collateral Repair Project, East Amman.\nPhoto: Alexandre Reisdorfer\n\n##### **Limited Access to Services**\n\nOf particular concern to the SGBV SWG are individuals with\nspecific needs and diverse backgrounds. Women recently\nwidowed, women and girls living in more conservative\nareas and communities, and women and girls fearing\nharassment have reported restricted movements. Also,\nrefugees living in informal tented settlements [10 ] or in\nvillages far from urban areas have more restricted\nmovements. The Informal Tented Settlement Task Force\nhas received the recommendations from the SGBV SWG to\nensure that SGBV prevention and response are integrated\nin the Task Force\u2019s work plan. As for areas where outreach\nto the refugee population is more challenging, some\ninitiatives have been developed including help desks and\nfield missions, opening of women safe spaces and clinics.\nAlso, some female refugees are not allowed to leave their\nhomes without the presence of a male family member\nbecause of a common feeling of insecurity. One in three\nwomen stated that they felt too scared or overwhelmed to\nleave their homes at all. [11]\n\nSince the beginning of the Syrian crisis over 628,427 Syrian\nhave entered Jordan, of whom only approximately 20% live\nin camps. The sheer magnitude of this urban displacement\ncreates increasing pressure on education, health and social\nservices in Jordan. Since June 2014, 22,500 Iraqis were also\nregistered with UNHCR. The government and international\norganizations are struggling to absorb the costs of the\nservices provided to the increasing population. This has\nspecific implications for the safety and security of women,\ngirls, men and boys and their ability to participate in and\naccess programs. Limited capacities of existing service\nproviders, distance to service centers and limited\nknowledge of services for SGBV survivors are preventing\naccess to specialized assistance for refugees. [ 12]\n\n\n#### **2**\n\n\n\nSexual and Gender-Bas ed Violence\n\n\nSy rian Ref ugees in Jordan\n\n\nAmong Syrian refugees living in the country, the rate of\nchild marriages has risen from 18% of total marriages in\n2012 to 25% in 2013. This rate has further increased to 32%\nin the first quarter of 2014. In pre-war Syria, an average of\n13% of marriages involved a person under 18. [7 ] Out of all\nGBV incidents documented through the GBVIMS in 2014; a\nsignificant percentage (32.7%) is early marriage incidents.\nThe majority of those happened outside of Jordan (56.3%),\n54.4% of which happened in Syria. Due to the fact that early\nmarriage does not usually carry the same level of stigma as\nother types of SGBV, survivors of early marriage disclosed\nthis type of incidents relatively easily through safe spaces,\nregistration, referrals, outreach and protection monitoring.\nIt is also important to highlight that survivors of early\nmarriage are often at a higher risk of other types of SGBV.\n\n##### **Sexual Violence [8]**\n\nHumanitarian agencies have found that incidents of sexual\nviolence are significantly under-reported owing to\nstigmatization and fear of retaliation by family and\ncommunity members. Women, girls, boys and men who\nhave suffered sexual violence face significant obstacles in\nseeking support owing to a widespread culture of shame.\nOut of the total GBV incidents reported through the\nGBVIMS, only 8.4% were sexual violence. While the\nmajority of survivors of sexual violence reported having\nexperienced violence in Jordan (56.6%), a significant\npercentage also occurred in Iraq (20%), Syria (16%) and\nother countries. Efforts will continue to be made to\nstrengthen the implementation of health protocols for\nclinical management of rape (CMR) and legal provisions in\naccordance with a survivor centered approach.\n\n##### **Survival Sex**\n\nThe protracted nature of the displacement is compounded\nby restrictions on access to the formal labor market for\nrefugees. Moreover, the fact that female heads of\nhouseholds have less access to work opportunities than\nthose headed by men increases their risk of harassment\nand exploitation by individuals in positions of influence or\npower [9] or by those delivering humanitarian aid, which may\nlead to survival sex.\n\n\n\n7. A study on Early Marriage, UNICEF 2014.\n8. Sexual Violence is a category of violence that encompasses rape and sexual assault. Rape: Non-consensual penetration (however slight) of the vagina, anus or\nmouth with a penis or other body part. Also includes penetration of the vagina or anus with an object. Sexual assault: Any form of non-consensual sexual\ncontact that does not result in or include penetration (GBVIMS User Guide 2010).\n9. IRC, \u201cAre we Listening?\u201d September 2014\n10. Some refugees, especially those working in the informal sectors and involved in seasonal activities, live in tents outside of urban areas in informal\nsettlements composed of a few households.\n11. IRC, Idem.\n12. When refugees outside of the camps were asked about knowledge of available services, most (83%) responded that they were not aware of any services\navailable to survivors of GBV in their community: UN Women, idem.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e3a2ef-6dbf-3f58-b41a-aac86ea8fa65/BriefingNoteSGBV_2015_FinalJune30.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugees also express fear of sexual harassment against\ngirls on their way to and in schools, which prevents some of\nthem from attending school. Access to services for people\nwith disabilities has also presented high challenges. [13] .\n\n##### **Inter-agency SGBV Response** **in Jordan** **Prevention**\n\nSGBV actors in Jordan engage in prevention activities at\nseveral levels. At the community level, these include\nawareness-raising sessions, social and recreational activities\nfor women and girls and other prevention activities,\nincluding those tailored for men and boys inside safe spaces\nand developed during 2015. Specifically in relation to the\nengagement of men and boys, the first workshop on\nworking with men and boys in Jordan was offered to SGBV\nservice providers in May 2015.\n\nThe awareness campaign \u201cAmani\u201d was launched in March\n2014. The awareness-raising activities of the sub-working\ngroup have included the production of key messages\ncommon to the protection sub-sectors [14], which were\ndeveloped through broad consultation and tested with\nSyrian women, girls, men and boys. Over 129,000 Amani\ncampaign materials were distributed among 30\norganizations. In December 2014, the 16 Days of Activism\nCampaign against SGBV reached over 35.000 individuals.\n\nSGBV actors in Jordan also work to mitigate the risk of\nSGBV by undertaking safety surveys and/or participatory\nassessments in camps and non-camps, operating a\nprotection monitoring system and other concrete measures\nto ensure that the delivery of humanitarian assistance does\nnot create risks of SGBV across other sectors. In Za\u2019atari\ncamp a safety audit was conducted in the last quarter of\n2014 and its recommendations are being taken into\nconsideration by the relevant sectors. In Azraq camp, a\nsafety audit is planned to take place at the beginning of the\nsecond semester of 2015.\n\n##### **Multi-Sectoral Assistance**\n\nSGBV actors in Jordan have case managers trained in\ndealing with SGBV survivors and ensuring safe and\nconfidential referrals to multi-sectorial services. In 2014,\n10,837 refugees at risk accessed multi-sectoral services.\nSGBV SWG members have established 35 women and girls\u2019\nsafe spaces, where case management and other services\nsuch as psychosocial support, legal aid and health care are\nmade available.\n\n\n13. UNHCR Interagency Participatory Assessment for urban refugees. 2015\n14. Protection, Child protection, SGBV, Mental Health and Psycho Social Services\n\n\n\nSexual and Gender-Bas ed Violence\n### Sy rian Ref ugees in Jordan 3\n\n\nTechnical and financial support is also provided to\nstrengthen health facilities in delivering quality clinical care,\nlegal aid, psychosocial support and counselling to SGBV\nsurvivors. Capacity building of medical, legal and\npsychosocial personnel is ongoing, as well as measures to\nstrengthen survivors\u2019 access to justice and safe shelter.\nTraining is provided to specialized police (Family Protection\nDepartment) and other police departments, including the\nSyrian Refugee Affairs Department. Partners\u2019 capacities are\nbeing expanded to include SGBV services tailored for male\nsurvivors. A workshop on inclusion of people with\ndisabilities in SGBV programming prompted the\namendment of Standard Operating (SOP) and awareness\nraising materials. Humanitarian actors were sensitized on\naccess to services for LGBTI individuals.\n\n##### **Coordination**\n\nThe SGBV sub-working group\u2019s achievements to date\ninclude: the development and endorsement of a SWG work\nplan; awareness raising and coordinated prevention and\nresponse work of its members; preparation and\ncoordination of interagency assessments; development,\nrollout and update of inter-agency emergency SGBV and\nChild Protection SOPs; rolling out specialized Gender-Based\nViolence Information Management System (GBVIMS) and\nthe online module within the UNHCR refugee registration\ndatabase to facilitate safe and confidential SGBV data\ncollection and information sharing.\n\nSeveral capacity-building initiatives including training on\nspecialized case management have been implemented.\nTraining sessions on the CP/GBV SOPs are conducted for\nSGBV service providers in all governorates of Jordan, as well\nas for actors operating in other sectors of the humanitarian\nresponse including the health, food, and water, sanitation\nand hygiene (WASH) sectors.\n\n##### **Advocacy**\n\nWith the support of the humanitarian community the\nJordanian government organized a round table with\nrelevant national and international institutions and actors\nto look into ways of reducing the risk and mitigating the\nconsequences of undocumented marriages, including early\nand forced marriage. Among the recommendations that\nwere submitted to the Cabinet and implemented was the\nexemption of fines for the registration of undocumented\nmarriages conducted in Jordan by Syrian refugees. As of 31\nDecember 2014, the initial exemption period, 1,947 couples\n(including 1,032 couples in Za\u2019atari Camp alone) benefitted\nfrom the exemption and officially registered their marriages\nin the Sharia Court. Following the advocacy of the\nhumanitarian actors, the exemption period was extended\nfrom 13 May to 13 July, 2015. Working with the\ngovernment will continue during the second half of the\nyear.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "safety surveys", - "confidence": 0.874025821685791, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9604640007019043, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6462274789810181, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5121684074401855, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian women, girls, men and boys", - "confidence": 0.7659628987312317, - "start": 192, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.7737216353416443, - "start": 261, - "end": 264 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5514578223228455, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SGBV actors", - "confidence": 0.6364501714706421, - "start": 233, - "end": 235 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based\nViolence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.7954508066177368, - "start": 655, - "end": 660 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8717146515846252, - "start": 661, - "end": 662 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7173255681991577, - "start": 669, - "end": 670 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8020240068435669, - "start": 716, - "end": 717 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e3a2ef-6dbf-3f58-b41a-aac86ea8fa65/BriefingNoteSGBV_2015_FinalJune30.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4**\n\n\n\nSexual and Gender-Bas ed Violence\n\n\nSy rian Ref ugees in Jordan\n\n\n###### **Protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA)**\n\nDuring the 2015 planning process, the SGBV SWG decided to include an indicator in the RRP/JRP on PSEA. The objective is to\nensure that all SGBV service providers in Jordan are aware and incorporate appropriate measures to address sexual\nexploitation and abuse, including nominating a PSEA focal point.\n\nA PSEA Focal Points Network, which aims to reduce the risk of exploitation and abuse by humanitarian personnel and others\ninvolved in the provision of services to refugees, has been established under the coordination of UNHCR. As part of the PSEA\nFocal Points Network, training sessions on relevant Codes of Conduct are delivered to personnel working directly with the\nrefugee population. Focus group discussions with refugee women, girls, boys and men have taken place in the main refugee\ncamps to agree on how best to further improved a safe and confidential complaint mechanism for cases of alleged sexual\nexploitation and abuse. A checklist for humanitarian actors and a system for confidential inter-agency referrals are also being\nestablished.\n\n##### **What are Inter-Agency Standard Operating Procedures?**\n\nThe CP/GBV emergency standard operating procedures for Jordan are specific procedures agreed by concerned\norganizations, which prescribe individual organizations\u2019 roles and responsibilities in the prevention and response to SGBV.\nThe procedures include agreements on how, and to whom, to safel y and confidentially refer SGBV survivors for specialized\nassistance.\n\n##### **What is the GBV IMS?**\n\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS) is a data management system that enables service\nproviders working with SGBV survivors to effectively and safely collect, store, analyze, and share data related to reported\nincidents of SGBV.\n\n##### **Media guidelines for Reporting on Gender-Based** **Violence in Humanitarian Contexts**\n\nThese guidelines are intended to ensure that all actors who play a role in facil itating or engaging in media reporting on SGBV\nare aware of and able to prioritize the ethical and safety considerations that preserve the safety, confidentiality and digni ty\nof survivors, their families, their communities, and those who are trying to help them. Please consult the guidelines at\n[http://goo.gl/h1oFA8.](http://goo.gl/h1oFA8)\n\nAlso, in March 2015, UNFPA Syrian Hub launched a handbook \u201cReporting on Gender Based Violence in the Syria Crisis, a\nJournalist\u2019s Handbook\u201d, accessible at [http://www.unfpa.org/resources/reporting-gender-based-violence-syria-crisis-](http://www.unfpa.org/resources/reporting-gender-based-violence-syria-crisis-journalists-handbook)\n[journalists-handbook](http://www.unfpa.org/resources/reporting-gender-based-violence-syria-crisis-journalists-handbook)\n\n###### **The Sexual and Gender Based Violence Sub** **Working Group in Jordan (SGBV SWG)**\n\nThe objective of the SGBV SWG is to strengthen multi-sectorial SGBV prevention and response in\nthe context of the Syrian refugee emergency in Jordan. The group is chaired by UNHCR and\nUNFPA. Members of the Sub-Working Group include UN agencies, international and national\nNGOs, ministries of the Government of Jordan and national institutions.\n\n\n**For further information, please contact:**\nAna Bel\u00e9n Anguita Arjona, UNHCR in Amman: **anguita@unhcr.org** and\n\nFabrizia Falcione, UNFPA: **falcione@unfpa.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9419349431991577, - "start": 308, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9953706860542297, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SGBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.8961580991744995, - "start": 327, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e3a2ef-6dbf-3f58-b41a-aac86ea8fa65/BriefingNoteSGBV_2015_FinalJune30.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_263/raw/doc_263_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_263/raw/doc_263_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bba3ec02fe2ff169b97dad2619e0a6f1c2c52c7f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_263/raw/doc_263_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Workshop: \r Engaging \r Men \r and \r Boys \r in \r Sexual \r and \r Gender-\u00ad\u2010Based \r Violence**\n\n**(SGBV) \r programming**\n\n\n**13 \r & \r 14 \r May \r 2015**\n\n\n**Kempinski \r Hotel, \r Amman**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nIn \r 2014 \r and \r in \r the \r first \r part \r of \r 2015, \r the \r SGBV \r Sub-\u00ad\u2010Working \r Group \r (SWG) \r in \r Jordan \r implemented \r SGBV\nprevention \r and \r response \r activities \r \u2013 \r primarily \r focused \r on \r the \r needs \r of \r women \r and \r girls. \r Globally,\nresearch \r has \r shown \r that \r engaging \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r prevention \r activities \r is \r vital \r and \r effective \r so\nthe \r SGBV \r SWG \r decided \r that \r this \r approach \r should \r be \r introduced \r in \r Jordan. \r \r Additionally, \r evidence \r has\nshown \r that \r male \r survivors \r of \r SGBV \r may \r face \r barriers \r to \r accessing \r services. \r As \r part \r of \r its \r 2015 \r work \r plan,\nthe \r SGBV \r sub-\u00ad\u2010working \r group \r seeks \r to \r strengthen \r coordination \r and \r develop \r capacity \r to \r engage \r with \r men\nand \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r prevention \r and \r include \r male \r survivors \r in \r SGBV \r response \r activities \r in \r Jordan. \r For \r this\npurpose, \r the \r SGBV \r SWG \r in \r Jordan \r organized \r the \r first \r workshop \r on \r \u201cEngaging \r Men \r and \r Boys\u201d \r in \r May\n2015.\n\n\nThe \r percentage \r of \r boys \r and \r men \r reporting \r SGBV \r incidents \r is \r low [1], \r consistent \r with \r globally \r identified\ntrends. \r The \r SGBV \r SWG \r also \r identified \r gaps \r in \r access \r to \r SGBV \r services \r for \r male \r survivors \r and \r a \r lack \r of\nprevention \r activities. \r SGBV \r prevention \r programming \r in \r humanitarian \r emergencies \r is \r lacking \r globally \r so\nthere \r is \r also \r a \r need \r for \r capacity \r building \r within \r the \r sector \r to \r address \r these \r issues.\n\n\nBased \r upon \r this \r analysis \r and \r discussions \r with \r SWG \r members, \r the \r Senior \r Gender \r Capacity \r Advisor \r and\nthe \r Sector \r Gender \r Focal \r Points \r Network, \r the \r SGBV \r SWG \r identified \r engaging \r with \r men \r & \r boys \r as \r one \r of\nthe \r priorities \r for \r 2015 \r and \r this \r is \r reflected \r in \r the \r 2015 \r SGBV \r SWG \r Work \r Plan \r as \r one \r of \r the \r specific\nobjectives. \r For \r the \r SGBV \r SWG, \r it \r is \r important \r to \r ensure \r that \r SGBV \r service \r providers \r are \r aware \r of \r tools\nand \r strategies \r to \r effectively \r include \r and \r engage \r men \r and \r boys \r to:\n\n\n- Deepen \r understanding \r about \r the \r importance \r of \r engaging \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r prevention \r work\nand \r meet \r the \r needs \r of \r male \r survivors \r in \r SGBV \r response;\n\n- Share \r strategies \r and \r tools \r for \r inclusion \r of \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r response \r and \r prevention \r activities.\n\n- Identify \r actions \r to \r enhance \r the \r engagement \r of \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r programming \r at\norganizational \r and \r working \r group \r levels.\n\n\n**Summary \r of \r the \r Workshop**\n\n\nIn \r discussions \r about \r gender \r roles \r and \r cultural \r contexts, \r workshop \r participants \r discussed \r the \r following\nquestions:\n\n1 \r Evidence \r for \r the \r need \r for \r this \r workshop \r comes \r from \r two \r primary \r sources: \r Regular \r sex \r and \r age \r disaggregated \r data \r collection\nand \r analysis \r of \r provision \r of \r services \r through \r the \r UNHCR \r Refugee \r Coordination \r Portal \r (ActivityInfo) \r and \r the \r GBVIMS \r End \r of \r Year\nReport \r 2014 \r including \r data \r from \r SGBV \r case \r management.\n\n\n**Workshop: \r Engaging \r Men \r and \r Boys \r in \r Sexual \r and \r Gender-\u00ad\u2010Based \r Violence \r (SGBV) \r programming**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR \r Refugee \r Coordination \r Portal", - "confidence": 0.9576712250709534, - "start": 478, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Regular \r sex \r and \r age \r disaggregated \r data \r collection", - "confidence": 0.5186743140220642, - "start": 463, - "end": 470 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ActivityInfo", - "confidence": 0.9625347852706909, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6773048043251038, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6072481274604797, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS \r End \r of \r Year\nReport \r 2014", - "confidence": 0.9380682706832886, - "start": 487, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "data \r from \r SGBV \r case \r management", - "confidence": 0.6237427592277527, - "start": 494, - "end": 499 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8087095022201538, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9861245155334473, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd0decb-5372-3991-ae8e-d4f7161da459/BriefingWorkshopmenandboysFINALJune15.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **What \r are \r factors \r that \r contribute \r to \r sexual \r and \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence \r committed \r by \r men?**\n\n- Negative \r gender \r roles \r learned \r from \r childhood \r that \r encourage \r unhealthy \r masculinity;\n\n- Gender \r norms \r for \r men \r and \r boys \r that \r discourage \r open \r communication, \r particularly \r within \r the \r family\nand \r encourage \r violence \r as \r a \r form \r of \r acceptable \r masculine \r emotional \r expression;\n\n- Childhood \r experiences \r of \r violence \r that \r can \r have \r psychosocial \r consequences \r that \r often \r go\nuntreated;\n\n- Changes \r of \r gender \r roles \r during \r displacement \r including \r lack \r of \r employment \r and \r livelihood\nopportunities \r that \r place \r stress \r on \r men \r in \r their \r traditional \r role \r as \r economic \r providers.\n\n\n**2. \r What \r are \r barriers \r to \r accessing \r services \r for \r male \r SGBV \r survivors?**\n\n\n- Lack \r of \r service \r provider \r awareness \r of \r male \r SGBV \r survivors\u2019 \r needs;\n\n- SGBV \r programs \r designed \r for \r women \r and \r girls, \r who \r are \r the \r majority \r of \r the \r survivors, \r that \r cannot\naccommodate \r male \r survivors \r (for \r example \r women \r safe \r spaces \r that \r provide \r psychosocial \r support) \r or\ndo \r not \r meet \r male \r survivors \r needs \r (for \r example \r a \r clinic \r where \r there \r is \r no \r expertise \r in \r treating \r male\nrape);\n\n- Social \r stigmatization \r of \r male \r survivors \r who \r do \r seek \r assistance \r from \r community \r or \r service \r providers;\n\n- Limited \r social \r spaces \r and \r programs \r to \r engage \r men \r and \r boys \r on \r awareness \r of \r the \r consequences \r of\nSGBV \r and \r of \r SGBV \r services \r or \r programs \r that \r promote \r positive \r gender \r norms.\n\n\n**3. \r Potential \r for \r engaging \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r prevention \r and \r responding \r to \r the \r needs \r of \r male**\n**survivors \r in \r the \r Jordan \r context**\n\n\n_3.1 \r Developing \r common \r understanding \r of \r and \r platform \r for \r engagement \r of \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV_\n_Prevention_\n\n\n- Catalogue \r innovative \r approaches \r or \r models \r of \r SGBV \r prevention \r programming \r with \r men \r and \r boys\nbased \r on \r findings \r from \r recent \r research \r and \r adapt \r if \r necessary \r for \r Jordanian \r context;\n\n- Map \r organizations \r currently \r working \r with \r men \r and \r boys, \r including \r youth, \r child \r protection,\ncommunity \r support \r committees, \r veterans \r and \r torture \r survivors\u2019 \r organizations [2] for \r potential\ndevelopment \r of \r partnerships \r with \r SGBV \r actors \r with \r whom \r to \r introduce \r SGBV \r prevention \r activities\ninto \r programming;\n\n- Examine \r current \r SGBV \r messaging \r in \r the \r community \r to \r ensure \r that \r men \r and \r boys \r are \r also \r reflected\nas \r agents \r of \r positive \r change \r and \r not \r only \r as \r potential \r perpetrators;\n\n- Include \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r activity \r targets \r for \r prevention \r activities, \r such \r as \r awareness-\u00ad\u2010raising\ncampaigns, \r and \r training \r for \r refugees \r and \r asylum-\u00ad\u2010seekers;\n\n- Sensitize \r staff \r to \r better \r understanding \r gender \r equality \r concepts \r and \r how \r it \r impacts \r masculinity.\n\n\n_3.2 \r Build \r capacity \r of \r SGBV \r practitioners \r to \r respond \r to \r male \r survivors_\n\n\n- Integrate \r inclusion \r of \r male \r survivors \r into \r existing \r trainings \r on \r case \r management, \r service \r provision,\nand \r Standard \r Operating \r Procedures [3] ;\n\n- Ensure \r that \r service \r providers \r are \r trained \r to \r provide \r services \r for \r men \r and \r boys, \r not \r only \r women \r and\ngirls;\n\n- Ensure \r the \r application \r of \r the \r GBV \r Guiding \r Principles \r \u2013 \r particularly \r non-\u00ad\u2010discrimination \r and\nimpartiality \r in \r all \r SGBV \r programming;\n\n\n2 The \r focus \r is \r not \r on \r extensive \r mapping \r of \r everyone \r who \r works \r with \r men \r and \r boys \r but \r those \r who \r work \r on \r education, \r social\nand \r behavior \r change.\n3 IRC\u2019s \r \u201cClinical \r Care \r for \r Sexual \r Assault \r Survivors\u201d \r and \r UNHCR\u2019s \r publication \r \u201cWorking \r with \r Men \r and \r Boy \r Survivors \r of \r Sexual \r and\nGender-\u00ad\u2010based \r Violence \r in \r Forced \r Displacement\u201d \r are \r good \r resources.\n\n**2** **Workshop: Engaging Men and Boys in Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) programming**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd0decb-5372-3991-ae8e-d4f7161da459/BriefingWorkshopmenandboysFINALJune15.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Improve \r understanding \r of \r ways \r to \r raise \r awareness \r with \r men \r and \r boys \r about \r male \r SGBV \r survivors,\nthe \r importance \r of \r supporting \r and \r referring \r female \r survivors \r of \r SGBV, \r and \r engaging \r in \r SGBV\nprevention \r activities.\n\n\n_3.3 \r Improve \r access \r to \r existing \r SGBV \r services \r for \r men \r and \r boys_\n\n\n- Map \r existing \r agencies \r who \r provide \r services \r to \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r communities \r as \r potential \r referral\npartners;\n\n- Assess \r any \r barriers \r to \r men \r and \r boys \r accessing \r existing \r SGBV \r services;\n\n- If \r necessary, \r encourage \r gender \r diversity \r among \r SGBV \r staff \r (e.g. \r consider \r recruitment \r of \r males \r as\nstaff \r and \r volunteers \r within \r some \r SGBV \r activities \r such \r as \r community \r outreach \r if \r this \r encourages\nmale \r participation [4] );\n\n- Strengthen \r the \r existing \r referral \r system \r to \r respond \r to \r male \r survivors \r and \r ensure \r information \r on\nSGBV \r services \r is \r available \r for \r men \r and \r boys \r as \r well \r as \r for \r women \r and \r girls;\n\n- Review \r current \r SOPs [5] to \r link \r SGBV \r actors \r and \r organizations \r currently \r working \r on \r community\nmobilization \r to \r promote \r referral \r for \r men \r and \r boys;\n\n- Raise \r the \r awareness \r of \r staff \r on \r the \r need \r to \r provide \r services \r for \r men \r and \r boys, \r as \r well \r as \r women\nand \r girls.\n\n\n**4. \r How \r can \r we \r better \r understand \r what \r violence \r is \r happening \r to \r men \r and \r boys \r currently?**\n\n\n- Integrate \r questions \r that \r target \r men \r and \r boys\u2019 \r safety \r concerns \r into \r existing \r assessment \r tools \r (e.g.\nsafety \r audits) \r and \r SGBV \r assessments;\n\n- Analyse \r data \r and \r information \r collected \r through \r the \r GBVIMS \r and \r ActivityInfo \r (already \r disaggregated\nby \r sex \r and \r age) \r to \r see \r trends \r in \r violence \r against \r men \r and \r boys;\n\n\n**Final \r thoughts \r and \r suggestions**\n\n\nEngaging \r with \r men \r and \r boys \r in \r SGBV \r prevention \r and \r responding \r to \r the \r needs \r of \r male \r SGBV \r survivors \r is\na \r cross-\u00ad\u2010cutting \r issue \r that \r will \r require \r engaging \r with \r the \r Protection \r WG \r and \r its \r sub \r working \r groups\n(Mental \r Health \r and \r Psychosocial \r Support \r SWG \r and \r Child \r Protection \r SWG) \r as \r well \r as \r engagement \r with\nthe \r Youth \r Task \r Force, \r the \r Education \r WG, \r and \r the \r LGBTI \r and \r Sector \r Gender \r Focal \r Points \r network \r at\nnational \r and \r field \r level. \r It \r is \r essential \r that \r this \r work \r is \r grounded \r in \r promoting \r gender \r equality \r and\naddressing \r the \r root \r causes \r of \r SGBV.\n\n\nDeveloping \r the \r expertise \r may \r be \r a \r challenge \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r this \r topic \r is \r still \r new \r and \r evidence \r of \r what \r works \r is \r still\nunder \r development. \r Strengthening \r the \r partnerships \r between \r protection \r actors \r and \r other \r organizations\n(including \r at \r regional \r and/or \r global \r levels); \r looking \r to \r the \r community \r for \r advice \r and \r inputs; \r and \r starting\nwith \r small, \r tangible \r pilots \r that \r are \r evaluated \r can \r facilitate \r learning \r and \r development. \r Engagement \r of\nmen \r and \r boys \r is \r crucial \r to \r ensuring \r gender \r equality \r to \r prevent \r violence \r against \r women \r and \r girls.\n\n\n**Next \r steps**\n\n\nIt \r was \r suggested \r that \r the \r SGBV \r SWG \r could \r appoint \r a \r focal \r point \r to \r work \r closely \r with \r the \r SGBV \r SWG\ncoordinators, \r the \r Senior \r Gender \r Advisor \r and \r interested \r organizations \r to: \r lead \r the \r process \r of \r sharing\ninformation \r and \r action \r points \r from \r the \r workshop \r with \r the \r wider \r group \r for \r feedback; \r engage \r the \r SWG \r in\na \r prioritization \r exercise \r to \r inform \r development \r of \r a \r work \r plan \r for \r the \r coming \r 6 \r months; \r and \r assist \r to\ncarry \r out \r the \r work \r plan.\n\n\n4 \r Studies \r have \r shown \r that \r male \r survivors \r often \r prefer \r female \r providers \r so \r the \r intention \r is \r to \r be \r able \r to \r offer \r a \r choice.\n5 \r Review \r of \r the \r SOPs \r is \r planned \r to \r take \r place \r in \r the \r second \r half \r of \r 2015.\n\n\n**Workshop: \r Engaging \r Men \r and \r Boys \r in \r Sexual \r and \r Gender-\u00ad\u2010Based \r Violence \r (SGBV) \r programming**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd0decb-5372-3991-ae8e-d4f7161da459/BriefingWorkshopmenandboysFINALJune15.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_264/raw/doc_264_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_264/raw/doc_264_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a3072b0247825cf96ca2b1ec58bb800005280748..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_264/raw/doc_264_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,744 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n## **Background**\n\nIn line with the Agenda for Sustainable Development, and especially Sustainable Development Goal 4, access\nto quality education is essential for all children and youth, and offers refugee children and youth in particular\na stable and safe environment within which to learn, grow and thrive. Globally, however, refugee children and\nyouth struggle to reach the classroom \u2013 48% of refugee children were estimated to be out of school in 202021, with lower enrolment rates at secondary and tertiary levels (UNHCR 2022a; UNICEF 2022a). [1] Low rates of\neducational engagement for refugee learners are heavily influenced by a lack of durable solutions and the lack\nof continuity across different educational pathways, with often limited access past primary school. This is all\nthe more concerning as the number of refugee children worldwide has increased dramatically (UNHCR, 2023)\nby an estimated 116% in the period between 2010 and 2020 (UNICEF, 2022b).\n\n\nEducational provision for refugee learners tends to involve a patchwork of access to national systems in their\nhost country, parallel provision (largely in camp-based settings), and varied types of non-formal provision.\nApproaches to securing education provision for refugee learners over the last decade have shifted since the\nadvent of UNHCR\u2019s Education Strategy 2012-2016. Policy and programming has moved from parallel provision\nto an emphasis on the inclusion of refugees in national education systems (Dryden-Peterson 2016, 2017).\n\n\nThese changes in educational provision have also been influenced by broader trends in displacement, including:\n\n\n - Alongside the increase in the total numbers of refugees globally, a growing number of refugees are now\nliving in urban areas in close proximity with host communities rather than in relatively isolated camps,\nwhich widens opportunities for refugees to be included in national education systems;2\n\n\n - An increasingly protracted average length of displacement means that many refugee children spend their\nentire school cycle in a host country with ittle to no prospect of returning to their home countries;\n\n\n - Humanitarian agencies and host countries recognize the high and unsustainable costs associated with\nhaving parallel systems in place, especially considering the average length of displacement.\n\n\nThese trends reflect the needs for effective durable solutions, such as local integration with rights fully\nrealized. Providing permanent legal status and permitting the right to work, for example, go hand in hand with\nrealizing the right to education, as participation in national education systems prepares young people to work\nin and contribute to host country economies and societies. Educational inclusion can also increase the safety\nof children and youth and promote other opportunities for the integration of refugee children and youth and\ntheir families into host communities, ranging from strengthening language skills to forming social networks,\nbuilding social cohesion, and constructively engaging in civic life. In this regard, the commitments and actions\nof host governments\u2019 including policy and legislative provisions as well as financial allocations to include\nrefugees in national systems (e.g., those government responding to the Syrian and Venezuela situations)\nshould be commended.\n\n\nHowever, despite the paramount importance of educational access for refugee learners, a strong evidence base\non what works to increase inclusion into national education systems for refugees is lacking. This important\ngap provides, in turn, the common impetus for the studies commissioned by UNICEF Innocenti, UNHCR, and\nUNESCO to further investigate these cross-cutting areas of refugee education and integration.\n\n\n1 Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, roughly half of refugee children were out of school (UNHCR 2022a).\n\n\n2 UNESCO (2019) estimates that around 39% of refugees globally lived in camps or collective centres with these settlements being most\ncommon in Africa.\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **_Key Definitions Relating to the Inclusion of Refugee Learners in Education_**\n\nThough there is no internationally agreed definition, inclusion of refugee learners in national education\nsystems commonly refers to their participation in publicly funded education institutions on the same\nbasis as local students at all levels, from pre-primary through to tertiary. Inclusion is often considered to\nmean \u2018no better, no worse\u2019 in relation to the quality of teachers, school infrastructure, funding levels, and\naccess to learning resources and other material (UNHCR 2022).\n\n## **Overview of Brief**\n\n\nThis brief advances knowledge on the current state of inclusion of refugee learners. It is based on several separate\nbut complementary studies carried out by UNICEF Innocenti, UNHCR, and UNESCO, and was developed to\nshare common inter-agency findings, gaps, and learnings. Taken together, these studies collectively seek to\nunderstand what has worked to promote inclusion in national education systems from multiple perspectives\n(e.g., policy and data), and to identify remaining barriers and challenges to effective inclusion for each.\n\n## **_Overview of Research Studies Underpinning This Brief_**\n\n\n**UNICEF Innocenti \u2013 Global Office of Research and Foresight (UNICEF Innocenti)** commissioned\nresearch by the ODI (formerly the Overseas Development Institute) to investigate the evidence base\non refugee education inclusion, including factors both underpinning and hindering effective policies\nand practices related to educational inclusion. This forthcoming report, entitled \u2018Inclusion of Refugee\nLearners in National Education Systems\u2019, includes a rapid review of literature, undertaken between July\nand October 2022; interviews with global stakeholders; and in-depth country case studies in Ecuador\nand Rwanda developed through a review of documents and in-country stakeholder interviews including\nrepresentatives of UN agencies, civil society, and government representatives. This research builds on a\nflagship UNICEF (2022a) report entitled \u2018Education, Children on the Move and Inclusion\u2019 that presented\nlessons learned and scalable solutions to increase education inclusion.\n\n\n**UNESCO** has two forthcoming reports. The first, \u2018Paving Pathways for Inclusion: A Global Overview\nof Refugee Education Data\u2019 carried out a comprehensive review of publicly available data collection\nexercises on refugee education in the top 35 refugee hosting countries in 2021 based on a Framework\nfor Refugee Inclusion in Education Data Systems. This assesses the extent to which we can measure\nthe inclusion of forcibly displaced populations (FDPs), especially refugees, in education across these\ncontexts. The second report \u2018Paving Pathways for Inclusion: Towards evidence-based policy making for\nrefugee education conducts a policy analysis based on research conducted in 7 case study countries\n(Chad, Colombia, Ecuador, Jordan, Pakistan, Peru, Uganda) to explore the enablers and constraints for\npolicy and data inclusion across these contexts.\n\n\n**UNHCR** commissioned research conducted by Cambridge Education to better understand education\ndata systems and identify challenges associated with including refugee and displaced learners into\nlearning assessments and EMIS in key case study countries (Cameroon, Chad and Mauritania). The\nproject involved a combination of document review, secondary data review, and primary qualitative data\ncollection through key informant interviews in the case study countries.\n\n\n**2** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inclusion of Refugee\nLearners in National Education Systems", - "confidence": 0.8184934258460999, - "start": 276, - "end": 284 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5832314491271973, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee\nLearners", - "confidence": 0.9187321662902832, - "start": 278, - "end": 280 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Education Data", - "confidence": 0.7646694779396057, - "start": 394, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8218034505844116, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.7443926930427551, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022a", - "confidence": 0.5448810458183289, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7982339859008789, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education\ndata systems", - "confidence": 0.8124555349349976, - "start": 534, - "end": 537 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6169642806053162, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Cambridge Education", - "confidence": 0.836851179599762, - "start": 529, - "end": 531 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "case study countries", - "confidence": 0.5127143263816833, - "start": 589, - "end": 592 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and displaced learners", - "confidence": 0.9696416258811951, - "start": 543, - "end": 547 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The following sections summarise key findings from each study, and look across this portfolio of research to**\n**explore a variety of overarching questions:**\n\n\n1. **What evidence exists of effective policies and practices on the inclusion of refugees in national education**\n**(including data) systems?**\n\n\n**a.** How are these policies and practices enacted in diverse contexts?\n\n\n**b.** What are the facilitating factors to support case study countries to report on refugee learning outcomes?\nWhat changes would be required to ensure EMIS can track individual children?\n\n\n**c.** How are the different existing education data systems structured from the school level to the national level?\n\n\n**d.** How does EMIS interact with other education data sources to provide a fuller picture of refugee education?\n\n\n2. **What factors have underpinned these effective policies and practices?**\n\n\n3. **What factors have challenged the inclusion of refugees in national education systems (including data and policy)?**\n\n\n**a.** What are the challenges associated with including refugees and displaced learners into EMIS?\n\n\n4. **What evidence is there of efforts to address intersecting inequalities to boost the inclusion of particularly**\n**marginalised groups of refugee learners?**\n\n## **Effective policies and practices for refugee inclusion in education systems**\n\n\nFrom a policy perspective, the inclusion of refugees in national education systems requires a holistic approach\nacross key areas, beginning at the time of arrival in the host country. The pathway presented in Figure 1\nhighlights these areas and indicates the policy elements needed for full inclusion.\n\n\n**Figure 1. Key policy areas for the inclusion of refugees in education systems**\n\n\nArrival Education Durable solutions\n\n\n\nQuality\nlearning\nconditions\n\n\n\nRecognition &\ndocumentation\n\n\n\nAccess to early\nchildhood,\nprimary\nand secondary\neducation\n\n\n\nSafe\nlearning\nenvironment\n\n\n\nAccess to Certification\ntransitions of learning\n\n\n\nAccess to\ntechnical,\nvocational\nand tertiary\neducation\n\n\n\nFreedom of\nmovement\nand residence\n\n\n\nAccess to\nemployment\n\n\n\nAccess to\npermanent\nlegal status\n\n\n\nTo ensure the full inclusion of refugee learners, national policy frameworks must go beyond granting access to\nschools and learning institutions to guarantee safe learning environments and the conditions in which high\nlevels of learning can occur. This includes providing access to pedagogical, psychosocial, and language support.\nFurthermore, refugees should be able to progress through all levels of the school cycle, validate their studies\n(including non-formal education), and gain access to technical, vocational and tertiary education. Given the\nincreasingly protracted nature of displacement, there is a need for policies to address inclusion in the host society\nbeyond education, including access to the labour market and long- term, stable residence. Policies in each of these\nareas directly impact how refugees participate in education and their ability to use what they learn to build a future.\n\n\nAt the micro level, a variety of positive practices for shifting to more inclusive approaches of refugee educational\ninclusion have emerged in the last decade in support of the above areas of educational access, as overviewed\nin Table 1. Key areas of inclusion where positive practice is still needed on a large scale include access to higher\neducation and linkages between education and durable solutions.\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.7494980692863464, - "start": 112, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8722648620605469, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.990948498249054, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.5947569012641907, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5461716651916504, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 1. Positive shifts towards refugee educational inclusion: 2012-2022**\n\n\n\n|Type of setting/ situation|Positive Shift since UNHCR\u2019s 2012-
2016 Global Education Strategy|Main approaches and illustrative
examples|\n|---|---|---|\n|Parallel provision e.g., schools in
refugee camps|Shift to using host country
curriculum, assessment, and
certifcation systems.|\u2022 Training of refugee teachers to
teach host country curriculum.
\u2022 Use of national curricula in non-
formal education centres .|\n|Non-formal provision|Absorption of learners into national
education system.|\u2022 Training of host country teachers
to teach speakers of other
languages.
\u2022 Ensuring non-formal provision is
aligned with host country
curricula.|\n|Formal provision, e.g. mainstream
public schools and learning institutes|Including refugee learners who lack
fuency in host country language of
instruction or who have missed out
on key learning.|\u2022 Training of host country teachers
to support speakers of other
languages
\u2022 Language preparation before
entering schools or as additional
support.
\u2022 Remedial programmes to allow
students to catch up on lost
learning.|\n|Formal provision, e.g. mainstream
public schools and learning institutes|Including refugee learners from
different cultures and/or who may
have experienced trauma.|\u2022 Cultural orientation for teachers.
\u2022 Training in basic mental health and
psychosocial support and/or non-
xenophobic practice.|\n\n### **Barriers and Enablers of Refugee Inclusion in Education**\n\n\n\n\n\nResearch on the trajectories of refugee inclusion in select low and middle-income countries have identified a\nrange of barriers and enablers for refugee inclusion in national education systems, overviewed below.\n\n\n**1. Policy and legal frameworks**\nPositive legal and policy frameworks, including outside the education sector (e.g., documentation and\nrecognition of status, right to work, freedom of movement, access to permanent legal status) provide a basis\nfor durable solutions for refugees. These frameworks may also remove administrative barriers to enrolment,\nsuch as requirements to provide identity documents or certification of previous studies; reduce financial costs\nassociated with schooling; and enhance employment prospects, countering potential disincentives to school\nattendance, particularly among older adolescents.\n\n\n**4** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Barriers to the implementation of policy, including administrative barriers to enrolment:**_\n\n\n- Our research finds that the implementation of policy is often impeded by a lack of knowledge relating to\nrefugees at the subnational and district levels of government, which can result in incoherence in policies\nrelated to access to education;\n\n\n- For individual students, enrolment constraints are often documentation-based, as alternative documents\nmay not be accepted, or on account of lack of legal status to remain impedes school enrolment;\n\n\n- There is a lack of systematic evidence to inform the scalability of effective approaches to inclusion.\nEducational inclusion initiatives tend to be small scale and are rarely evaluated, with few examples of\nlarge-scale follow-up to successful educational inclusion pilots. This can make it challenging for the\ngrowing evidence to be used as a basis for wide-scale policy change.\n\n_**Recommendations for strengthening policy and frameworks relating to educational inclusion**_\n\n\nTo national governments:\n\n- Monitor and raise awareness of the implementation of explicit laws and policies to enable the inclusion of\nrefugees within the education system from national to individual school level;\n\n\n- When inclusive policies for refugees are not explicit, framing refugees as part of the larger set of\nmarginalised groups may help facilitate their inclusion;\n\n\n- Take a whole system-wide perspective to policy to ensure that policies outside the education sector are\nnot creating barriers to access and progression;\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n- Invest in using data to ensure inclusion and building evidence on what works to scale educational inclusion\ninitiatives;\n\n\n- Invest in better and timely evidence to inform effective action. The educational inclusion of Ukrainian\nrefugee children who have received temporary protection in Europe and elsewhere is an important\nexception to many refugee experiences in host countries, and one which is now fairly well-documented\n(UNICEF 2022c). Learning from this situation through robust research and tracking of student retention,\nwellbeing, and educational outcomes can offer valuable evidence of effective approaches.\n\n\n**2. Political Will and Coordination**\nThe existence of political will to integrate refugees and plan for long-term solutions from the onset of crises\ninfluences the development of policies and practices that prioritize education as a key component of the\nrefugee response. Ministers\u2019 and officials\u2019 previous experience with refugee inclusion and/or displacement has\nbeen shown to play an important role in driving inclusive policies and practices. Where coordination between\nMinistries of Education and relevant migration or crisis-management departments is effective, this has helped\nensure that education has been given a high priority as part of refugee response programmes. Challenges\ncontributing to lack of political will and negative perception of refugees by policymakers and the public.\n\n\n_**Barriers related to public support and political will**_\n\n\n- A consistent finding across our countries of research is that xenophobic sentiment and negative attitudes\ntowards refugees can hinder efforts towards policy inclusion and the implementation of inclusive practices.\nThis includes both the political will of elected officials to further refugee inclusion in education and other\nareas of practice, and the level of public support for displaced people, which collectively influence decisionmaking processes.\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Recommendations for increasing political will and coordination**_\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n - Implement awareness-raising campaigns to challenge prejudices and highlight refugee contributions to\nthe host society;\n\n\n - Identify and work with key political champions for refugee education.\n\n\n - Engage in advocacy efforts with policymakers and stakeholders to emphasize the benefits of including\nrefugees in national education systems;\n\n**3. International coordination**\nEffective coordination at national, regional and international levels is critical to ensure efficient use of\nfunding and coherent outputs for all children. International cooperation, along with technical assistance\nand financial contributions supporting government-led plans and assistance frameworks, is vital to ensure\nthe utilization of capacities to enable inclusive policies and implementation plans.\n\n\n_**Barriers contributing to the lack of coordination between stakeholders**_\n\n\n - A key finding that emerged from our research is that the absence of good coordination mechanisms for\ndata collection on refugee education leads to the duplication of efforts across humanitarian partners and\noften means that existing humanitarian data cannot be used to inform government responses\n\n_**Recommendations for strengthening international coordination on refugee educational inclusion**_\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n - Inform new responses by drawing on pre-existing knowledge and skills as well as existing coordination\nplatforms (e.g., Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, Regional Monitoring Framework for\nPeople on the Move);\n\n\nTo national donors and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n - Increase international technical assistance, accompaniment, and financial contributions to work with\ngovernment-led coordination mechanisms (e.g., Rwanda, Ecuador);\n\n\n - Capitalize on pre-existing coordination platforms with humanitarian partners and governments to reduce\nfragmentation in data collected and improve data sharing.\n\n\n**4. Building education systems\u2019 capacity for refugee inclusion**\nExisting efforts to strengthen education systems, which enhance overall accessibility, safety, and the\nquality of education in refugee-hosting countries (e.g., reducing the chance of insufficient school places,\nfacilities, and ICT equipment) can provide a framework into which additional support for refugee learners\ncan be integrated. This can help prevent overstretching existing infrastructure and improve learning for all.\nFurthermore, considering both the local population as well as refugees in programming can help prevent the\ngrowth of resentment and xenophobia and assist in providing support to refugee learners with intersecting\nvulnerabilities, such as adolescent parents or indigenous learners experiencing additional language barriers.\nStrengthening education data systems at the same time ensures that refugee learners are visible, that their\nprogress is captured, and that their needs are met.\n\n\n_**Barriers including insufficient school places, facilities, and ICT equipment.**_\n\n\n - Additional/upgrading classrooms, WASH facilities, learning materials and ICT equipment is often needed\nin classes;\n\n\n - A further challenge is that in some countries have automated allocation systems that may place students\nin far-away schools or learning institutes which necessitates transport. This compounds existing access\nchallenges.\n\n\n**6** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian data", - "confidence": 0.8209460377693176, - "start": 191, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education data systems", - "confidence": 0.9550805687904358, - "start": 455, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.9835844039916992, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2018You need to invest in bricks and mortar. You need classrooms. You need teachers and you need equipment\nin the classrooms. That\u2019s going to support the learning and unless we invest in that we won\u2019t be able to\nmove the needle. It\u2019s that simple. (Key Informant, Donor \u2013 UNICEF Innocenti forthcoming)\n\n\n_**Recommendations for strengthening education systems\u2019 capacity for inclusion**_\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n- Integrate refugees where systems are capacitated to respond and work further on quality improvements\nwhere refugees are present (e.g., Rwanda);\n\n\n- Raise awareness of refugee inclusion throughout education systems, with a focus on including the\neducation workforce and other stakeholders at district level (e.g., Ecuador), as well as broader awareness\ncampaigns (i.e., back to school);\n\n\n- Invest in the improvement of school infrastructure to facilitate inclusion;\n\n\n- Invest in data system capacity to ensure that refugee learners are visible and their needs can be addressed\nthrough policy.\n\n\n**5. Financing for refugees and refugee hosting countries**\nLinked to building system capacity, sustainable long-term financing is critical to ensuring responses to\nrefugee learners look beyond humanitarian responses and take a long-term inclusion perspective. The World\nBank and UNHCR estimate that enrolling all refugee children in school would cost 4.85 billion USD a year\nor 1,051 USD per refugee on average (World Bank & UNHCR 2021). Previous work by Save the Children\nidentified a funding gap of 2.4 billion USD for the education of refugee children (Save the Children, 2018).\n\n\n_**Barriers related to insufficient financing at household, domestic, and international levels**_\n\n\n- Funding shortfalls are substantial and undermine the expansion of educational provision, while effective\npractices emerge when more substantial finance is available;\n\n\n- There is also limited public-private sector partnership in funding for educational inclusion;\n\n\n- At the household level, there is often a lack of affordability for transport, uniforms, school supplies (access\nto books, stationery, and digital devices) and to make school contributions.\n\n_**Recommendations to increase financing to support refugee educational inclusion**_\n\n\nTo donors and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n- Support governments and other education stakeholders with sustainable financing to support the\ndevelopment of system capacity (including beyond education, e.g., through cash transfers, creation of\nemployment opportunities, etc.) to facilitate refugee inclusion;\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n- Strengthen refugee households\u2019 assets base and ability to withstand shocks, such as through increasing\nsocial protection coverage for refugees, can positively impact school retention rates. Relatedly, the\ninclusion of refugee households in social protection programmes can help address cost barriers such as\nlearning materials, uniforms, transport, and food at school.\n\n**6. Discrimination**\nExisting research shows that shared language and socio-cultural similarities or, in their absence, effective\nlanguage support for refugees and recognition of different cultural backgrounds can help facilitate refugee\nlearners\u2019 social integration. In contrast, discrimination, xenophobia, and wider insecurity can undermine\nrefugee learners' safety in or while travelling to school, and is often particularly acute for adolescent girls at\nrisk of gender-based violence.\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data system", - "confidence": 0.979367196559906, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5044252872467041, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.9908287525177002, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Barriers including discrimination, xenophobia, and lack of safety**_\n\n\n - Bullying and harassment of refugee learners, along with insecurity, undermines many refugee students\u2019\nsense of safety. The basis of such discrimination often lies in perceptions by nationals that resources and\ninitiatives are unfairly targeted to refugees rather than to nationals. These experiences may be\ncompounded by discrimination relating to other characteristics such as gender or sexual orientation;\n\n_**Recommendations to combat the discrimination of refugee learners**_\n\n\nTo national governments, donors, and humanitarian and development partners:\n\n - Support aspects of shared language and culture (e.g., Venezuelans in Ecuador), and look beyond nationality\nand refugee statistics to identify common and core vulnerabilities that need to be addressed;\n\n\n - Ensure that refugee learners have mechanisms to report bullying and discrimination and that processes\nare in place for support and follow-up (e.g., Peru).\n\nFor more on refugee inclusion, see UNICEF\u2019s 2022 report, \u2018Education, Children on the Move and Inclusion\nin Education\u2019, UNICEF-Innocenti\u2019s forthcoming report \u2018\u2018Inclusion of Refugee Learners in National Education\nSystems\u2019, and the forthcoming UNESCO publication \u2018Paving Pathways to Refugee Inclusion: Towards\nevidence-based policymaking for refugee education\u2019 which provide more information and further in-depth\npositive practices and enabling factors (UNICEF 2022a; UNESCO forthcoming).\n\n## **_Policy-data nexus: Pathways for inclusion_**\n\n\nData on refugee learners is critical for informing effective policymaking and for measuring policy\nimplementation. Along the pathway for inclusion presented in Figure 1, key data points may provide\na means of measuring the implementation of inclusive policies for refugee education. For example,\naccess to schools may be monitored through data on enrolment or attendance; access to learning may\nbe measured through learning assessments; access to transitions and certification of learning may be\nmonitored through data on primary and secondary leaving examinations; and access to higher education\nmay be monitored through data on tertiary enrolment.\n\n\nMaking this linkage requires that refugees are included in both policy and data systems, and that they\ncan be identified in data collection exercises\u2014for example, through information on protection status or\nnationality. Case studies have revealed promising practices for successful inclusion in both policy and\ndata systems:\n\n\n - In Jordan, the Ministry of Education collects data on enrolment by nationality, allowing for the\nidentification of Syrian refugee students in national EMIS data. This data has been used to inform\npolicies such as the 2018-2022 Education Strategic Plan (ESP), [3] which promotes the inclusion of\nrefugee learners in national schools.\n\n\n - In Colombia, a resolution issued by the Colombian Institute for Education Evaluation (ICFES) [4]\ngranted Venezuelan students the ability to register for the Saber 11 examination, which measures\nformal learning achievement for those that complete secondary education, using their Special Stay\nPermit (PEP) number or a unique code provided by the Ministry of Education for students in\nirregular status. Using this information, the ICFES collects data on the results of Venezuelan\nstudents, which may provide an indication of learning outcomes of Venezuelans in comparison with\ntheir Colombian peers and on the number of students who qualify to certify their studies (although\nonly students in regular status may receive certification). This data is available to the public via the\nColombian Observatory for Venezuelan Migration (OMV). [5]\n\n\n3 Ministry of Education, Education Strategic Plan 2018 \u2013 2022.\n\n\n4 Colombian Institute for Education Evaluation (ICFES), Resolution 624 of 2019.\n\n\n5 National Planning Department, Colombian Observatory for Venezuelan Migration (OMV).\n\n\n**8** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee statistics", - "confidence": 0.9932350516319275, - "start": 130, - "end": 132 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.7934234738349915, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.9400756359100342, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.8848979473114014, - "start": 269, - "end": 273 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6442892551422119, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.6946196556091309, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9163800477981567, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee Learners", - "confidence": 0.9482806324958801, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national EMIS data", - "confidence": 0.6571980714797974, - "start": 449, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8401491641998291, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee students", - "confidence": 0.9262844324111938, - "start": 445, - "end": 448 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Saber 11 examination", - "confidence": 0.7200599312782288, - "start": 515, - "end": 518 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9751630425453186, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan students", - "confidence": 0.950413703918457, - "start": 507, - "end": 509 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Addressing intersecting inequalities to include particularly marginalized groups**\n\nThe needs of refugee learners are diverse, reflecting their experiences of flight and seeking refuge, the specific\ncontext in which they now live (levels of safety, provision of infrastructure, and so on) their prior learning\nand skills, their family situation (particularly financial resources and familial responsibilities), and aspects of\ntheir identities (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, and other characteristics). These are complex sets of interactions,\nand it is important not to over-simplify or label whole groups as vulnerable, without fully understanding the\nfactors that underpin marginalisation, or recognising diversity within a country. Despite this reality, most of\nthe literature on inclusion of refugee learners focuses on the level of education systems, and the kinds of largescale adjustments that are needed to shift from parallel systems or to train teachers to teach a new curriculum.\nThis illustrates the need for more research and strong policies relating to both education and inclusion that\naccount for the intersecting inequalities of many refugee learners.\n\n## **Knowledge gaps on refugee inclusion in education systems**\n\n\n**There is a critical need for greater understanding of how best to support refugee learners in their education**\n**to break potential cycles of marginalisation and lead to better lives and livelihoods of those forced to**\n**leave their homes in the most devastating of circumstances. Key knowledge gaps and ways they could be**\n**addressed include:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Knowledge gaps|Recommendations|\n|---|---|\n|**Data gaps in understanding the reality of refugee educaton,**
**especially beyond access** (UNESCO-UIS/UNHCR 2022).
While there have been signifcant efforts by the Expert
Group on Refugee, Internally Displaced Persons, and
Statelessness Statistics (EGRISS) to standardise profling,
the implementation of these in national education systems
is a work in progress. There is a lack of up-to date, granular
data in many refugee-hosting contexts on: enrolment,
retention, drop-out and progression of refugee learners
through different levels of education systems. Further,
learning outcomes on diverse refugee groups and systems
are rarely discussed in the literature (for an overview of the
existing evidence, see UNHCR et al. 2022).|**Strengthen inclusion of refugees in natonal educaton**
**management informaton systems (EMIS) and harmonize**
**data standards**, keeping in mind any protection concerns
related to disaggregation. There is a need to harmonize
and utilise all existing data sources (e.g., multi-sector needs
assessments, household surveys, learning assessments) to
ensure that the unique needs of refugees are captured. The
current practice of disaggregating by nationality in EMIS
in some countries is helpful, however it is not necessarily
scalable to contexts where there have been long-term
migrant fows between countries. Further, increased
participation of refugee learners in national assessment
and certifcation systems should facilitate a more accurate
understanding of refugee students\u2019 learning outcomes and
any specifc barriers they face.|\n|**A lack of impact evaluatons and in-depth analytcal**
**reports, partcularly of system-wide/large-scale initatves**
**to strengthen refugee inclusion.** There are very few
impact evaluations targeting the effectiveness of policies
and initiatives. Further, policy reports and studies tend
to be descriptive, with little analysis of the factors that
have underpinned decisions and adoption of different
approaches, meaning that discussion of political factors
is often absent \u2013 despite their centrality in programming
decisions and educational outcomes.|**Strengthen the evaluaton of diferent approaches and**
**initatves to boost inclusion and help inform natonal**
**programming;**this is particularly the case if quantitative
EMIS data, data from learning assessments and national
exams, and qualitative evidence from students, parents
and school staff are included in evaluations.|\n\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Knowledge gaps on refugee inclusion in education systems", - "confidence": 0.8582314252853394, - "start": 205, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.578066885471344, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.9802394509315491, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statelessness Statistics", - "confidence": 0.9729166626930237, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "EGRISS", - "confidence": 0.8571640849113464, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.834829568862915, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee, Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.6291469931602478, - "start": 351, - "end": 356 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household surveys", - "confidence": 0.555120050907135, - "start": 552, - "end": 554 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.5627711415290833, - "start": 625, - "end": 627 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national assessment", - "confidence": 0.9458113312721252, - "start": 628, - "end": 630 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.9848451614379883, - "start": 625, - "end": 627 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "learning assessments", - "confidence": 0.5216346979141235, - "start": 835, - "end": 837 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Gaps|Recommendations|\n|---|---|\n|**A lack of impact evaluatons and in-depth analytcal**
**reports, partcularly of system-wide/large-scale initatves**
**to strengthen refugee inclusion.** There are very few
impact evaluations targeting the effectiveness of policies
and initiatives. Further, policy reports and studies tend
to be descriptive, with little analysis of the factors that
have underpinned decisions and adoption of different
approaches, meaning that discussion of political factors
is often absent \u2013 despite their centrality in programming
decisions and educational outcomes.|**Strengthen mixed methods analysis of impacts of**
**diferent approaches and the factors underlying them to**
**help identfy transferable and context-specifc elements**
**of success.** This was the case with AIR-UNICEF-
Innocenti's impact evaluation of Min Ila, a cash transfer
program for displaced Syrian children, which found that
the program increased school attendance and improved
children\u2019s food consumption and health, among other
positive outcomes (UNICEF-AIR 2018).
Important exceptions include a theoretical framework
placing national education systems within the humanitarian-
development divide (Carvalho & Haybano 2023).|\n|**A dearth of studies going beyond primary and secondary**
**educaton and introducing students\u2019 and parents\u2019**
**perspectves.** Among the thematic gaps identifed in
literature are effective ways to support refugee inclusion
in pre-primary, technical and vocational education and
training (TVET), tertiary education and adult education
outside of high-income contexts, use of ICT, and accurate
data on fnancial allocations to support inclusion in
national education systems. Furthermore, few policy-
focused studies draw on primary research, meaning that
the voices of refugee students and their parents are
overlooked, resulting in analyses of systems and \u2018top-
line\u2019 case studies and masking some of the complexity of
refugee inclusion.|**Increase the number of studies focused on these areas**
**to strengthen the overall evidence base on refugees\u2019**
**educatonal**
**inclusion** and contribute to a better
understanding of where host country, humanitarian, and
development programming should begin or continue to
invest in supporting refugee learners.|\n\n\n\n**10** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Conclusion**\n\nThis brief provides a current snapshot of effective policy and practices in the inclusion of refugees in education\nsystems. There is a critical need to increase the understanding of both those leading decisions on policies and\nprogramming relating to refugee educational inclusion and those interacting with refugee learners directly\nwithin schools and learning institutes on how best to support refugee learners in their education. Understanding\nand building on existing good practices, while also continuing to address key barriers and gaps, is an important\nmeans to do this, and in turn, to break potential cycles of marginalisation and to help refugee children lead better\nlives in and after displacement. The findings presented here can inform host government, humanitarian, and\ndevelopment policy and programming and in so doing contribute to changing the reality of educational exclusion\ninto one of inclusion that better prepares refugees around the world for durable solutions.\n\n\nBuilding Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **References**\n\nCarvalho, S., & Haybano, A. K. (2023). \u2018Refugee Education Is Our Responsibility\u2019: How Governance Shapes the\nPolitics of Bridging the Humanitarian\u2014Development Divide. _Journal of Refugee Studies_, fead001.\n\n\nDryden-Peterson, S. (2016). Refugee Education: The Crossroads of Globalization. Educational Researcher,\n[45(9), 473\u2013482. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16683398](https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16683398 )\n\n\nDryden-Peterson, S. (2017). Refugee education: Education for an unknowable future. Curriculum Inquiry,\n[47(1), 14\u201324. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2016.1255935](https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2016.1255935)\n\n\nUNESCO-IOS/UNHCR (UNESCO Institute for Statistics and UNHCR) (2021) Refugee Education Statistics:\nStatus, Challenges and Limitations. Montreal and Copenhagen, UIS and UNHCR.\n\n\nUNICEF-AIR (2018) \u201cMin Ila\u201d Cash Transfer Programme for Displaced Syrian Children in Lebanon (UNICEF and\nWFP) Impact Evaluation Endline Report. Available at:\n[https://www.air.org/sites/default/fles/2021-06/UNICEF-Min-Ila-Impact-Evaluation-Feb-2019rev.pdf](https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/UNICEF-Min-Ila-Impact-Evaluation-Feb-2019rev.pdf )\n\n\nUNICEF (2022a) Education, Children on the Move and Inclusion: Lessons learned and scalable solutions to\naccelerate inclusion in national education systems and enhance learning outcomes. New York: UNICEF.\n\n\nUNICEF (2022b) Child Displacement. Webpage, available at:\n[https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-migration-and-displacement/displacement/](https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-migration-and-displacement/displacement/ \r)\n\n\nUNICEF (2022c) As children return to school in Poland, UNICEF highlights importance of getting those who\u2019ve\nfled war in Ukraine back to learning. Webpage, available at:\n[www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/children-return-school-poland-unicef-highlights-importance-getting-](http://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/children-return-school-poland-unicef-highlights-importance-getting-those-whove-fled )\n[those-whove-fed](http://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/children-return-school-poland-unicef-highlights-importance-getting-those-whove-fled )\n\n\nUNHCR (2022) All Inclusive: The Campaign for Refugee Education. Geneva: UNHCR. Available at:\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-education-report-2022-all-inclusive-campaign-refugee-education](https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-education-report-2022-all-inclusive-campaign-refugee-education \r)\n\n\nUNHCR/Oxford MeasurEd/Cambridge Analytica (2022b) Evidence on Learning Outcomes for Refugees: A\nrapid review. Education Series: Evidence Brief 03. Available at:\n[https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/634fc3b74/evidence-learning-outcomes-refugees-rapid-](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/634fc3b74/evidence-learning-outcomes-refugees-rapid-review.html)\n[review.html](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/634fc3b74/evidence-learning-outcomes-refugees-rapid-review.html)\n\n## **Endnotes**\n\n\n[[1] UNESCO (2019) estimates that around 39% of refugees globally lived in camps or collective centres with](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en%2DUS&rs=en%2DUS&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funicef-my.sharepoint.com%2Fpersonal%2Fjkaplan_unicef_org%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2Faef4415260cf4eee99f772a08d37b6bd&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&wdodb=1&hid=3FFAB5A0-107D-6000-9DF2-6B5F2D465E2B&wdorigin=BrowserReload&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&usid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&sftc=1&cac=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Normal&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftnref1)\n[these settlements being most common in Africa.](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en%2DUS&rs=en%2DUS&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funicef-my.sharepoint.com%2Fpersonal%2Fjkaplan_unicef_org%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2Faef4415260cf4eee99f772a08d37b6bd&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&wdodb=1&hid=3FFAB5A0-107D-6000-9DF2-6B5F2D465E2B&wdorigin=BrowserReload&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&usid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&sftc=1&cac=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Normal&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftnref1)\n\n\n[[2] Data from 2018 show that 78% of refugees were living in protracted situations, up from 66% the previous](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en%2DUS&rs=en%2DUS&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funicef-my.sharepoint.com%2Fpersonal%2Fjkaplan_unicef_org%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2Faef4415260cf4eee99f772a08d37b6bd&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&wdodb=1&hid=3FFAB5A0-107D-6000-9DF2-6B5F2D465E2B&wdorigin=BrowserReload&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&usid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&sftc=1&cac=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Normal&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftnref2)\n[year (UNHCR, 2019).](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en%2DUS&rs=en%2DUS&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funicef-my.sharepoint.com%2Fpersonal%2Fjkaplan_unicef_org%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2Faef4415260cf4eee99f772a08d37b6bd&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&wdodb=1&hid=3FFAB5A0-107D-6000-9DF2-6B5F2D465E2B&wdorigin=BrowserReload&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&usid=b990a935-a4cc-4491-9c61-de45fcb3ff92&sftc=1&cac=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Normal&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftnref2)\n\n\n[1] Ministry of Education, Education Strategic Plan 2018 \u2013 2022.\n\n\n[2] Colombian Institute for Education Evaluation (ICFES), Resolution 624 of 2019.\n\n\n[3] National Planning Department, Colombian Observatory for Venezuelan Migration (OMV).\n\n\n**12** Building Inclusive Education Systems for Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Education Statistics", - "confidence": 0.9897918701171875, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Status, Challenges and Limitations", - "confidence": 0.7062664031982422, - "start": 131, - "end": 136 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO-IOS/UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9643200039863586, - "start": 113, - "end": 116 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5449181199073792, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8278125524520874, - "start": 125, - "end": 126 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Impact Evaluation Endline Report", - "confidence": 0.5351603627204895, - "start": 167, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7045626044273376, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.844351589679718, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Evidence on Learning Outcomes for Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7743829488754272, - "start": 304, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Analytica", - "confidence": 0.7476348280906677, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.787443220615387, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7385307550430298, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8620240092277527, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07578651-a961-4860-8bff-150985ef65dc/Building%20inclusive%20education%20systems%20for%20refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_265/raw/doc_265_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_265/raw/doc_265_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 021a4ff6a7fbad31be88e6fccc3a80e28465097c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_265/raw/doc_265_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c113ecf6-ac76-415e-838b-1f0f15758775/Bulletin%20janvier%202023_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c113ecf6-ac76-415e-838b-1f0f15758775/Bulletin%20janvier%202023_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c113ecf6-ac76-415e-838b-1f0f15758775/Bulletin%20janvier%202023_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c113ecf6-ac76-415e-838b-1f0f15758775/Bulletin%20janvier%202023_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_266/raw/doc_266_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_266/raw/doc_266_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f174931dc344bd8b899c23c52f7488e77aa639cd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_266/raw/doc_266_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "R\u00c9GIONS : DIFFA, MARADI, TAHOUA ET TILLABERI\n## **P\u00c9RIODE : AVRIL- JUIN 2024**\n\n\n**ZONES DE COUVERTURE DE COLLECTE DE DONN\u00c9ES**\n\n\n**Commune couverte uniquement par CIAUD**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CHIFFRES CL\u00c9S**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Statut par r\u00e9pondant
Autres
Demandeur
1% d'asile
2%
PDI 5%
Retourn\u00e9e
9% R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
20%
PDI
Guida
Communaut\u00e9
h\u00f4te Ta
62%
G
mes
Sa|Nombre de r\u00e9pondants par commune
(Top 10)
Chetimari (Diffa) 21%
Gueskerou (Diffa) 16%
Bangui (Tahoua) 12%
Diffa (Diffa) 9%
Kablewa (Diffa) 8%
n Roumdji (Maradi) 8%
Sakoira (Tillab\u00e9ri) 8%
kanamatt (Tahoua) 6%
uidan Sori (Maradi) 6%
bon Guida (Tahoua) 5% 1|\n|---|---|---|\n|
**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**



**54%**
**46%**
**M\u00e9nages**
**Femmes**
**Hommes**
**65%**
**35%**
**Informateurs cl\u00e9s**
**Femmes**
**Hom**|
**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**



**54%**
**46%**
**M\u00e9nages**
**Femmes**
**Hommes**
**65%**
**35%**
**Informateurs cl\u00e9s**
**Femmes**
**Hom**|
**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**



**54%**
**46%**
**M\u00e9nages**
**Femmes**
**Hommes**
**65%**
**35%**
**Informateurs cl\u00e9s**
**Femmes**
**Hom**|\n|
**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**



**54%**
**46%**
**M\u00e9nages**
**Femmes**
**Hommes**
**65%**
**35%**
**Informateurs cl\u00e9s**
**Femmes**
**Hom**|
|
|\n\n\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "une situation aggrav\u00e9e par les conflits dans les pays voisins comme le Mali, le Burkina Faso, le Nig\u00e9ria et la Libye. Au\n30 juin, 864 637 personnes en d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s dont 362 686 refugies, 48, 648 demandeurs d\u2019asile, 407 830\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et 45 873 autres personnes.\n\n\nLes sanctions de la CEDEAO \u00e0 la suite des \u00e9v\u00e9nements du 26 juillet 2023 ont exacerb\u00e9 la situation humanitaire et\ns\u00e9curitaire du pays. De plus, la fermeture des fronti\u00e8res avec le B\u00e9nin, principal acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la mer, a intensifi\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis.\n\n\nBien que le FMI ait annonc\u00e9 que la croissance \u00e9conomique du Niger devrait rebondir \u00e0 10,6 % [1] avant la fin de l'ann\u00e9e,\napr\u00e8s avoir ralenti \u00e0 2,4 % en 2023, gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9but des exportations de p\u00e9trole et \u00e0 l'augmentation pr\u00e9vue de la\nproduction agricole, des risques persistent. Parmi ceux-ci figurent la situation s\u00e9curitaire et les chocs climatiques. Les\ninondations repr\u00e9sentent une menace r\u00e9currente au Niger, exacerb\u00e9e par les changements climatiques, et cette\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Les communes les plus touch\u00e9es par ces incidents sont Tillia, N'guigmi et Taknamatt. L\u2019analyse\ndes incidents par typologie r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu'il y a eu 272 cas d'extorsions, 172 cas d'agressions et de blessures et 90 incidents\nd'homicide. En termes de r\u00e9partition par sexe, environ 78 % des victimes sont des hommes, tandis que 22 % sont des\nfemmes.\n\n\n3\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au niveau communautaire, on constate une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration notable de l\u2019environnement de protection. Selon les\ndonn\u00e9es P21 collect\u00e9es au cours de la p\u00e9riode, 78 % des personnes interrog\u00e9es expriment un sentiment d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Maradi, Tillab\u00e9ri, Diffa et Tahoua. Ce sentiment d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 provient des actions des groupes\narm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques, qui repr\u00e9sentent 43% des pr\u00e9occupations des personnes interrog\u00e9es. Ces inqui\u00e9tudes sont\njustifi\u00e9es par les assassinats cibl\u00e9s de dirigeants communautaires, les attaques contre les positions des FDS et les\nmesures coercitives employ\u00e9es par les GANE pour d\u00e9placer les communaut\u00e9s. Par exemple, dans la r\u00e9gion de\nTillab\u00e9ri, apr\u00e8s qu'un groupe de membres du GANE a infiltr\u00e9 le village de Goyo dans le d\u00e9partement d'Ayorou,\nentra\u00eenant le meurtre tragique de 11 individus, un total de 374 m\u00e9nages, soit 2 380 personnes, ont cherch\u00e9 refuge\ndans Ayorou ville le 28 mai 2024. L\u2019\u00e9valuation du sentiment d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 au sein de la population civile fait ressortir\nles donn\u00e9es sur la criminalit\u00e9 et le banditisme (19 %), les vols aggrav\u00e9s (11 %) et les op\u00e9rations militaires (9 %). Il\nconvient de noter que ce sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 mine la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s, les obligeant \u00e0 limiter leurs `\nd\u00e9placements afin de prot\u00e9ger leur vie ainsi que l\u2019adoption de m\u00e9canismes de survie. Or au sahel, la mobilit\u00e9 est\nessentielle au mode de vie et \u00e0 la survie des nomades. L\u2019assistance juridique et judiciaire, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la documentation\ncivile, le soutien psycho social et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont les besoins prioritaires identifi\u00e9s au niveau des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n**II.** **LOGEMENTS, TERRES ET BIENS**\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans les r\u00e9gions de Maradi, Diffa, Tillab\u00e9ri et Tahoua, dans les pays\nlimitrophes (Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Tchad), les mouvements\n\nh\u00f4tes. En effet, dans bien de cas, les m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force\n\nla p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie des villages qui sont utilis\u00e9s par les femmes pour la\nculture de l\u2019arachide, gombo, s\u00e9same\u2026\u2026l\u2019occupation de ces\nespaces par les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force prive ces derni\u00e8res d\u2019espaces\nexploitables. Aussi, l\u2019abandon des champs par les PDI et les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine exacerbe la demande en terres cultivables dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Or dans\nces localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les populations ont adopt\u00e9 comme mesures de mitigation \u00e0\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019exploitation des champs autour des villages, les zones sillonn\u00e9es par les patrouilles ou celles moins\nrisqu\u00e9e afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les EEI, les enl\u00e8vements, les agressions physiques et les assassinats. Cette situation entra\u00eene des\nr\u00e9percussions sur la production agricole, d\u00e9j\u00e0 affaiblie par les changements climatiques et les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements illicites\nde taxes par les GANE. Il faut aussi noter dans le contexte de la flamb\u00e9e des denr\u00e9es alimentaires que les paysans\nsont contraints de vendre leurs capitaux de production ou de contracter des dettes sur les prochaines r\u00e9coltes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Outre ces menaces, les donn\u00e9es du P21 soulignent que dans 84% des cas, les PDI de retour retrouvent leurs\nlogements d\u00e9truits et, dans une proportion de 9%, occup\u00e9s par d\u2019autres personnes. Les besoins prioritaires \u00e0 ce\nniveau sont l\u2019assistance pour la r\u00e9habilitation, la construction\u2026\n\n\nParall\u00e8lement \u00e0 ces dangers, les donn\u00e9es de P21 soulignent que 84 % des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes de retour d\u00e9couvrent\nleurs maisons en ruines, et 9 % sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9es par d'autres.\n\n\nLes changements climatiques ont des effets n\u00e9fastes sur les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les inondations. Selon le\nminist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action Humanitaire et de la Gestion des Catastrophes (MAH/GC), les inondations ont affect\u00e9 18 098\npersonnes (2501 m\u00e9nages) au 15 juillet 2024. Le bilan fait \u00e9tat de 53 pertes en vies humaines, 1636 maisons et 29\nsalles de classes effondr\u00e9es, ainsi que 10 930 t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail tu\u00e9es. Cette situation complique davantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. Les besoins prioritaires dans cette situation incluent les\nservices de protection, abris, soutien \u00e0 la reconstruction, \u00e0 la construction et \u00e0 d\u2019autres formes d\u2019assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nentre autres, aux besoins du foyer. Les donn\u00e9es de perception r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que, parmi les personnes interrog\u00e9es, 24 %\ncomptent sur les membres de la famille comme principal soutien pour les enfants victimes, tandis que 20 % se\ntournent vers les dirigeants communautaires et 12 % sollicitent l'aide des autorit\u00e9s locales et des organisations\nhumanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCompte tenu de ces statistiques, il est imp\u00e9ratif de donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019autonomisation des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es\net marginalis\u00e9es, en favorisant leur participation active, tout en investissant dans le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s\ninstitutionnelles et organisationnelles, comme le recommande l\u2019approche de localisation de l\u2019aide. Il est urgent de\nmettre en place des actions concr\u00e8tes visant \u00e0 favoriser l\u2019acc\u00e8s et le maintien des enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole. Par-del\u00e0, au\nregistre des priorit\u00e9s figure des dispositifs de protection, tels que des espaces s\u00fbrs pour les femmes et les enfants.\n\n\n5\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "interrog\u00e9es reconnaissent que quitter le village pour aller chercher de l'eau et du bois de chauffage, indispensables\naux activit\u00e9s m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, expose \u00e9galement les femmes et les enfants \u00e0 des dangers. De plus, les femmes et les filles\njouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le maintien des travaux champ\u00eatres. Elles contribuent aux semailles, pr\u00e9parent et livrent\nles repas aux champs, ramassent du bois de chauffage pour cuisiner. Malheureusement, les femmes sont\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 de graves risques d\u2019agressions sexuelles, d\u2019agressions physiques, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et m\u00eame de\nmeurtres lorsqu\u2019elles accomplissent des t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res. L\u2019ampleur de la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG) varie\nselon les r\u00e9gions. Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri s'est distingu\u00e9e par un nombre important\nde cas de viols perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les GANE entre les d\u00e9partements de T\u00e9ra et Bankilar\u00e9. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, treize femmes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de viols, commis par des membres de GANE actifs dans les d\u00e9partements de Bankilar\u00e9 (4), Kourfeye\nCentre (2) et T\u00e9ra (7). Les survivantes de viol \u00e0 Bankilar\u00e9 ont re\u00e7u des soins au niveau du centre de sant\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 (CSI), `\ntandis que celles de T\u00e9ra ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en charge par les responsables du service d\u00e9partemental de la promotion de\nla femme et de la protection de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\nDans les r\u00e9gions humanitaires de Maradi, Diffa et Tahoua, la pr\u00e9valence des mariages pr\u00e9coces constitue une\ncaract\u00e9ristique distincte. A Diffa et \u00e0 Maradi la question des enl\u00e8vements des femmes/filles est pr\u00e9gnante. \u00c0 Maradi,\nles enl\u00e8vements donnent souvent lieu \u00e0 des demandes de ran\u00e7on. De m\u00eame, Diffa conna\u00eet une tendance similaire o\u00f9\nles GANE, notant que la population locale est plus encline \u00e0 payer promptement des ran\u00e7ons lorsque des femmes\nsont cibl\u00e9es.\n\n\nDe plus, il n\u2019est pas rare que des jeunes ayant rejoint les GANE retournent dans leurs communaut\u00e9s et enl\u00e8vent des\njeunes filles dans le but de les marier de force., Les femmes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 kidnapp\u00e9es, notamment dans la r\u00e9gion de\nMaradi, puis rel\u00e2ch\u00e9es, sont souvent confront\u00e9es \u00e0 la dure r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la stigmatisation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n`\n\n\n\n\n\nLa crise dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri et de Diffa continue d'affecter profond\u00e9ment les populations locales, car la\npr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) perp\u00e9tue la peur et le choc. A Tillab\u00e9ri, il y a eu 6 incidents impliquant\ndes EEI au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre, faisant 18 victimes, tous des hommes pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso selon\nle monitoring de protection. L\u2019international NGO Safety Organisation (INSO) rapporte 13 incidents et 23 victimes sur\nla m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. Les d\u00e9partements de Say, Torodi et Goth\u00e8ye ont \u00e9galement connu le m\u00eame mode op\u00e9ratoire de\nla part des GANE, avec 7 incidents et 13 victimes (12 hommes et une femme) au premier trimestre. Le 20 mai 2024,\nvers 17 heures, un homme a tragiquement perdu la vie \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un contact avec un engin pi\u00e9g\u00e9 dans le village de\nKaraba, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 4 km de la commune d'Ouro Gu\u00e9ladjo.\n\n\n6\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, le monitoring de protection d\u00e9nombre un total de 7 personnes victimes des incidents EEI.\nToutes ces victimes \u00e9taient des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes hommes, \u00e2g\u00e9s de 18 \u00e0 59 ans. Au cours du premier\ntrimestre, il n\u2019y a eu que 2 cas d\u2019exposition aux EEI/mines, qui ont touch\u00e9 un total de 2 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es : un\nhomme et une fille. Les communes de Bosso et Ch\u00e9timari ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement cibl\u00e9es par les EEI. Le 20 avril 2024,\nun groupe de quatre individus a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019EEI \u00e0 environ 3 kilom\u00e8tres de Baroua.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence d\u2019EEI constitue un obstacle important \u00e0 l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire aux populations touch\u00e9es.\nCette limitation de l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire, combin\u00e9e aux d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la saison des pluies et les routes impraticables,\ncomplique davantage l'acheminement de l'aide. L'existence d'EEI constitue une menace importante pour les\npopulations lors des travaux champ\u00eatres, des rassemblements /communautaires et a un impact sur le bien-\u00eatre\npsychologique des populations touch\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Objectifs :**\n\nFinanc\u00e9 par le FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office), et co-pilot\u00e9 par le HCR et le DRC au niveau\nr\u00e9gional et dans les pays (Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso et Tchad), le projet de monitoring r\u00e9gional de protection (P21)\nrepr\u00e9sente un outil inter-agences compl\u00e9mentaire aux autres m\u00e9canismes de collecte de donn\u00e9es de protection\ndans les r\u00e9gions du Niger affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire (collecte d'incidents, r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement,\nsensibilisation). Ce syst\u00e8me compl\u00e9mentaire permet de produire des analyses de protection bas\u00e9es sur des\ndonn\u00e9es de perception collect\u00e9es dans quatre r\u00e9gions du Niger (Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri). Ces analyses\nvisent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension de l'environnement de protection au Niger et \u00e0 :\n\n - **Soutenir les acteurs de la protection dans la mise en \u0153uvre de programmations fond\u00e9es sur des**\n**donn\u00e9es probantes ;**\n\n - **Contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure coordination op\u00e9rationnelle et transfrontali\u00e8re ;**\n\n`\n\n - **Appuyer les efforts de mobilisation de ressources ;**\n\n - **Promouvoir un plaidoyer commun pour une prise de conscience accrue au niveau r\u00e9gional et global**\n**concernant la crise des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s.**\n\n**M\u00e9thodologie :**\n\n\nDeux outils de collecte ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour recueillir des donn\u00e9es de perception : un questionnaire destin\u00e9\naux **m\u00e9nages** et un autre pour les informateurs cl\u00e9s. Au total, 67 moniteurs sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans les zones affect\u00e9es par la crise\ns\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire au Niger, r\u00e9parties dans les quatre r\u00e9gions de Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri, avec pour mission\nla collecte continue d'informations sur le terrain. Chaque cycle mensuel de collecte est cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 le 5 du mois suivant.\n\n\n**L'\u00e9chantillonnage** est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en deux niveaux. Le premier niveau consiste \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner al\u00e9atoirement 10 % des localit\u00e9s\naccessibles ou partiellement accessibles des communes surveill\u00e9es chaque mois. Toutefois, afin de simplifier cette t\u00e2che\nr\u00e9currente, la s\u00e9lection est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur une base trimestrielle. Au second niveau, le moniteur s\u00e9lectionne :\n\n\n - Quatre m\u00e9nages dans chaque village via une proc\u00e9dure de marche al\u00e9atoire \u00e0 partir d\u2019un point de d\u00e9part fixe,\ntel qu'une mairie, une \u00e9cole, un centre de sant\u00e9, un arbre \u00e0 palabre, le palais d'un chef etc. Afin de maintenir\nun \u00e9quilibre de genre, les m\u00e9nages choisis comprennent deux chefs de m\u00e9nage masculins et deux \u00e9pouses\nde chefs de m\u00e9nage.\n\n - Deux informateurs cl\u00e9s, un homme et une femme par localit\u00e9.\n\n\nLes questionnaires sont administr\u00e9s en face \u00e0 face dans les localit\u00e9s accessibles et par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone dans celles plus difficiles\nd'acc\u00e8s, en veillant \u00e0 ne pas compromettre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des moniteurs et des personnes interrog\u00e9es. Les partenaires\nresponsables de la collecte de donn\u00e9es sont le CIAUD et le DRC.\n\n\n7\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`\n\n\n8\n**R\u00e9gions humanitaires du Niger : Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri**\n**http://www.anp.ne/article/le-fmi-annonce-une-croissance-economique-de-10-6-pour-le-niger-en-2024-apres-un**\n**Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD\n**Contacts :** [glele@unhcr.org ;](mailto:glele@unhcr.org) [ayoubati@unhcr.org](mailto:ayoubati@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ded5dc8-8c1b-456c-b014-e353e3494e8f/Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20Avril%20-%20Juin%202024%20P21.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_267/raw/doc_267_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_267/raw/doc_267_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c5ec5671305e29406d5875be20f974c7c1996eb1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_267/raw/doc_267_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Analyse de Protection**\n### **Ao\u00fbt 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. RESUME**\n\nCe rapport a pour objectif de pr\u00e9senter une analyse de la situation de\nprotection au Burkina Faso pour la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 juin 2022. L\u2019analyse est\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le Cluster Protection dans le but d\u2019identifier les risques de\nprotection les plus pro\u00e9minents affectant la population civile au Burkina Faso,\npr\u00e9senter les principales articulations de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire et formuler\ndes recommandations cons\u00e9quentes.\n\n\nL\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante, les violences quasi quotidiennes, l\u2019activisme des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s (GANI), les op\u00e9rations militaires men\u00e9es par les\nforces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) et leurs suppl\u00e9tifs, les d\u00e9placements\nmassifs forc\u00e9s de populations et les effets du changement climatique ont un\nimpact consid\u00e9rable sur l\u2019environnement de protection et l\u2019acc\u00e8s des\npopulations affect\u00e9es \u00e0 la pleine jouissance de leurs droits.\n\n\nLes contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires aux populations affect\u00e9es et\nde l\u2019acc\u00e8s de ces derni\u00e8res aux services sociaux de base, limitent\nconsid\u00e9rablement l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire ainsi\nque la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions durables.\n\n\nLes risques de protection les plus pro\u00e9minents identifi\u00e9s au cours de la p\u00e9riode\ncouverte par le pr\u00e9sent rapport sont les suivants :\n\n\n1) D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s massifs, y compris pr\u00e9ventifs, des populations\n\nciviles des zones \u00e0 forts d\u00e9fis s\u00e9curitaires ;\n2) Exacerbation des violences psychologiques et physiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des\n\npopulations civiles, avec des cons\u00e9quences graves pour les populations\nles plus vuln\u00e9rables, notamment les femmes, les enfants, les personnes\n\u00e2g\u00e9es et les personnes vivant avec un handicap ;\n3) Exacerbation des tensions sociales li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources (dont\n\nla terre, le logement, l\u2019eau, etc.) et l\u2019impact sur le respect de la dignit\u00e9\nhumaine dans les zones de d\u00e9placement, de relocalisation et de\nretour ;\n4) Exacerbation des dangers li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) qui\n\nsont utilis\u00e9s pour pi\u00e9ger les axes d\u2019\u00e9vacuation.\n\n\n#### **Chiffres Cl\u00e9s**\n\nPIN global protection / AoR PIN\n\n\n|Cluster Protection|PIN|PIN revu \u00e0
mi-parcours|Variation|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Protection**|**1,657,477**|
**2,120,154**|
**28%**|\n|**Protection-PE**|**927,640**|
**1,273,853**|
**37%**|\n|**Protection-VBG**|**739,906**|
**914,819**|
**24%**|\n|**Protection-LAM**|**1,047,835**|
**1,047,835**|
**0%**|\n|**Protection-LTB**|**1,546,064**|
**1,546,064**|
**0%**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **2. M\u00e9thodologie et limites**\n\nCette analyse a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e par le Cluster Protection au Burkina Faso, guid\u00e9e\npar le cadre analytique de protection. Le Cluster Protection a rassembl\u00e9 les\ninformations et les donn\u00e9es quantitatives et qualitatives disponibles. Les\ndonn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es sont des donn\u00e9es primaires et secondaires.\n\n\nLa situation politico-s\u00e9curitaire du Burkina Faso, d\u00e9crite dans cette analyse,\nrestreint l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et limite la capacit\u00e9 de surveiller, de suivre et de\nr\u00e9pondre r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement aux incidents et aux risques de protection auxquels\nsont expos\u00e9es les populations civiles. La p\u00e9nurie de donn\u00e9es primaires a \u00e9t\u00e9\ncompens\u00e9e par le jugement expert des membres du Cluster Protection et de\nses diff\u00e9rents domaines de responsabilit\u00e9s (AoR).\n\n#### **3. VUE D\u2019ENSEMBLE DU CONTEXTE**\n\n\nLe Burkina Faso est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une crise humanitaire complexe et sans\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, avec une augmentation continue et rapide des besoins durant la\np\u00e9riode couverte par ce rapport (janvier -juin 2022). La violence quasi\nquotidienne affecte 10 des 13 r\u00e9gions du pays, touchant principalement les\ncivils, et en particulier les femmes et les enfants.\n\nAu 30 juin 2022, une grande partie de la population du Burkina Faso est\ndirectement touch\u00e9e par la violence et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, et pr\u00e8s de 10 % de la\npopulation a d\u00fb quitter leur village d\u2019origine pour trouver refuge ailleurs dans\nle pays (1 902 150 millions de personnes). Le conflit a r\u00e9duit l\u2019acc\u00e8s des\npopulations aux services sociaux de base, avec 3,5 millions de personnes ayant\nbesoin d\u2019une assistance humanitaire (y compris PDI et des membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te) dont 2 120 154 ayant des besoins de protection.\n\nLes violations du droit international humanitaire, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la violence\nmenacent des vies et des moyens de subsistance, perturbent l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9,\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 l\u2019eau, \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement et aux services d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, \u00e0 la\ndocumentation civile, ainsi qu\u2019au logement, \u00e0 la terre et aux droits de\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9, augmentent les violations des droits de l\u2019homme, la violence sexiste\net les abus sexuels, et mettent en p\u00e9ril la coh\u00e9sion sociale, ce qui entra\u00eene un\ncercle vicieux de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\n\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations provoqu\u00e9s par l\u2019intensification du\nconflit sont \u00e9galement en constante \u00e9volution et s\u2019observent dans 10 des 13\nr\u00e9gions administratives du pays. Les partenaires et les acteurs de protection\nobservent toujours des violations des droits des populations civiles avant,\npendant et apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9placement, y compris dans les zones d\u2019accueil ou\nd\u2019installation des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes. Les chocs psychologiques et\nles traumatismes provoqu\u00e9s par les violences surtout \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des femmes,\ndes enfants, des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et des personnes vivant avec un handicap\nconstituent une pr\u00e9occupation pro\u00e9minente dans les zones \u00e0 forts d\u00e9fis\ns\u00e9curitaires.\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s s\u2019oriente vers les centres urbains (en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des\nchefs-lieux de r\u00e9gion) et cette urbanisation non planifi\u00e9e entraine de fortes\npressions sur les infrastructures, les services, les terres et les autres ressources\nnaturelles. La dur\u00e9e dans le temps des d\u00e9placements a fini par \u00e9roder les\ncapacit\u00e9s de g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 et d\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Celles-ci,\ngages de coexistence pacifique, sont s\u00e9rieusement mises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve en raison\ndes tensions autour de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources et aux services. La perte des\nmoyens et la paup\u00e9risation (en lien \u00e9troit avec l\u2019\u00e9volution du contexte) ainsi\nque les facteurs structurels inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 la situation du pays poussent une partie\nimportante de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 vivre dans des abris de fortune,\ninad\u00e9quats et dans la promiscuit\u00e9. Dans les r\u00e9gions les plus affect\u00e9es par le\nd\u00e9placement, on enregistre des milliers de sans-abris ou de squatteurs dans\ndes maisons abandonn\u00e9es, dans des infrastructures publiques telles que les\n\u00e9coles, universit\u00e9s, stades ou march\u00e9s.\n\nL\u2019ensemble des violations et des facteurs aggravant les risques de protection\ncit\u00e9s plus haut, ont pour principales victimes les femmes et les enfants et sont\nl\u2019une des cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019activisme des GANI d\u2019une part, et d\u2019autre part, des\nop\u00e9rations militaires conduites par les FDS et leurs suppl\u00e9tifs. Ces violations\nsont par ailleurs, en augmentation depuis le d\u00e9but l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. Les cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de disparitions, y compris de disparitions forc\u00e9es, sont en\nrecrudescence. Des cas d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions extrajudiciaires, arbitraires et sommaires\nsont \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9s dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions du pays.\n\nLe premier semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la multiplication des\nattaques violentes et/ou de menaces contre les civils par les GANI dans\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s poussant souvent des villages entiers \u00e0 se vider de leurs\npopulations, parfois \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif, ce qui illustre la gravit\u00e9 de la situation.\nLes attaques contre des infrastructures civiles essentielles, en violation des\nprincipes du droit international humanitaire, a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 aggraver ce\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Certaines localit\u00e9s ont quant \u00e0 elles fait l\u2019objet de mesures de\nblocus, accompagn\u00e9es de restrictions de mouvements des personnes et \u00e0 la\ncirculation des biens et des marchandises, affectant ainsi l\u2019acc\u00e8s des\npopulations civiles aux moyens n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur survie.\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de la crise de d\u00e9placement au Burkina Faso et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la date\ndu 30 avril 2022, le Conseil National de Secours d\u2019Urgence et de R\u00e9habilitation\n(CONASUR) a enregistr\u00e9 1 902 150 PDI. Du 1er janvier au 30 avril 2022, le\nCONASUR a enregistr\u00e9 322,174 PDI contre 237,078 pour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en\n2021, soit une augmentation de 85,096 en 2022 compar\u00e9 \u00e0 2021. En l\u2019espace\nde quatre mois en 2022, il y a eu presque autant de deplacement qu\u2019en six mois\nen 2021 Les enregistrements continuent et plusieurs milliers de personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es entre le 30 avril et le 30 juin, cependant il n\u2019y a\npas eu de publication par le CONASUR des chiffres officiels de PDI.\n\nAu cours du premier semestre de 2022, plusieurs attaques des GANI contre les\ncivils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es provoquant de lourdes pertes en vies humaines et\ndes d\u00e9placements massifs de populations. La plus r\u00e9cente est celle de\nSeytenga, dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel, au cours de laquelle 86 civils ont perdu la vie\net \u00e0 la suite de laquelle pr\u00e8s de 35,000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nouvellement\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\nDes actions attribu\u00e9es aux FDS et/ou \u00e0 leurs suppl\u00e9tifs auraient \u00e9galement\nr\u00e9sult\u00e9 en des pertes en vies humaines et/ou des disparitions de populations\nciviles, et auraient provoqu\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements de populations.\n\nDans ce contexte caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9titives sur les civils, le\nConseil Sup\u00e9rieur de la D\u00e9fense Nationale (CSDN) s\u2019est r\u00e9uni le 20 juin autour\nde la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans le pays et a pris plusieurs d\u00e9cisions dont \u00ab \u2026la\nd\u00e9limitation de deux zones d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats militaires dans les r\u00e9gions du Sahel et de\nl\u2019Est. Dans ces zones les populations vont \u00eatre somm\u00e9es de partir car toute\nactivit\u00e9 sera interdite pour laisser place aux op\u00e9rations militaires\u2026 \u00bb.\n\n\n\nLe Cluster Protection a \u00e9labor\u00e9 une note de cadrage qui a pour objectif principal\nde guider les discussions au sein de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP) et\npermettre \u00e0 l\u2019EHP sous la direction de la Coordonnatrice Humanitaire,\nd\u2019engager les autorit\u00e9s sur leur d\u00e9cision d\u2019\u00e9vacuation forc\u00e9e des civils au\nregard du droit international humanitaire et des principes fondamentaux de\nprotection. Par ailleurs, ladite note vise \u00e0 indiquer l\u2019ancrage juridique de\nl\u2019\u00e9vacuation forc\u00e9e de populations civiles, d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention sur les risques\nde protection potentiels, et de d\u00e9gager les consid\u00e9rations cl\u00e9s de protection\ndevant \u00eatre observ\u00e9es dans le cadre de telles \u00e9vacuations.\n\n\n**a.** **L\u2019impact du conflit et des tensions sociales sur le paysage**\n\n**national actuel**\n\n\n**Un environnement complexe pour les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es**\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection (Projet 21) a permis d'identifier les besoins de\nprotection et d'\u00e9clairer la r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle des acteurs de protection au\ncours de la p\u00e9riode consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. Selon les donn\u00e9es recueillies entre janvier et\njuin 2022, 979 familles, r\u00e9parties sur 167 communes, dont 456 femmes seules\ncheffes de famille, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9es. Un total de 792 incidents r\u00e9sultant de\nla pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement de\nprotection a \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s et document\u00e9s. Ces incidents ont entra\u00een\u00e9 30% de\nviolations de la libert\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne, 22% de violations du\ndroit \u00e0 la vie, 23% de violations \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychologique, 9%\nde violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre VBG, 13% de violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9,\n2% de d\u00e9ni ou de restriction forc\u00e9e de mouvement ainsi qu\u20191% de violations\ndes droits de l'enfant.\n\n|Violations|Jan|F\u00e9v|Mars|Avril|Mai|Juin|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Atteinte au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|10|47|16|35|49|54|**211**|\n|Atteinte au droit \u00e0 la vie|23|25|32|49|45|60|**234**|\n|Atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et ou psychique|11|43|20|28|28|55|**185**|\n|Atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne|7|26|36|51|75|61|**256**|\n|Atteintes aux droits des enfants|6|21||6|6|2|**41**|\n|D\u00e9ni ou restriction forc\u00e9e de mouvement|40|84|24|68|34|23|**273**|\n|Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre|4|17|12|32|16|20|**101**|\n|**Total mensuel**|**101**|**263**|**140**|**269**|**253**|**275**|**1301**|\n|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|Source : Monitoring de protection|\n\n\n\nCes violations des droits humains et du droit international humanitaire ont fait\n8,523 victimes et survivant(e)s au sein des communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et h\u00f4tes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En ce qui concerne le statut des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s, 93% de ces incidents ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les GANI, 6% par des membres de la communaut\u00e9 et 1% par\nles FDS selon les enqu\u00eat\u00e9s. Parmi ces victimes et survivant(e)s, 995 personnes\nont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d'une assistance, dont 73% via transferts mon\u00e9taires (CBI), 20%\nvia le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers des services de prise en charge appropri\u00e9s et 7% par\nun soutien psychosocial.\n\n\nAu premier trimestre 2022, le nombre de violations graves contre les enfants\nv\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 89% de l\u2019ensemble des violations commises sur toute\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021. Par ailleurs, au premier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e en cours, le CP AoR\na identifi\u00e9 773 ENAS contre 348 identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021.\n\nLa vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des enfants ne cesse de croitre et leur \u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel et\npsychologique est de plus en plus impact\u00e9. De plus, les donn\u00e9es\nd\u2019enregistrement des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dont les enfants repr\u00e9sentent plus\nde 60%, \u00e9voluent de mani\u00e8re croissante. Cette augmentation g\u00e9n\u00e8re des\nbesoins de protection des enfants de plus en plus croissants.\n\n\n**b.** **Facteurs aggravant les risques de protection ?**\n\n**L\u2019acc\u00e8s restreint des humanitaires aux civils affect\u00e9s (ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, EEI, attaques**\n**et logistique -ponts d\u00e9truits, routes coup\u00e9es)**\n\n\nLes attaques contre les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil des PDI, les menaces et les\nultimatums donn\u00e9s aux populations pour quitter les villages sont courants. Ces\n\n\n\nactions des GANI provoquent des mouvements massifs des populations y\ncompris celui des autorit\u00e9s coutumi\u00e8res et religieuses qui sont contraintes de\nquitter leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence habituelle pour se r\u00e9fugier dans les localit\u00e9s plus\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9es, ce qui fragilise les structures communautaires de leurs\nvillages/localit\u00e9s.\n\n##### Les GANI posent de plus en plus d\u2019Engins Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s (EEI) sur les axes\n\nroutiers. Ainsi, de janvier 2017 au 30 juin 2022 un rapport de UNMAS indique\nque 407 incidents de EEI ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nombr\u00e9s dont 119 incidents au cours du 1er\nsemestre 2022. Ce qui correspond \u00e0 une moyenne d\u2019incidents de 19,8 incidents\npar mois en 2022 contre une moyenne de 8,8 en 2021 et 6 en 2020. Par ailleurs,\nil convient de pr\u00e9ciser que le mois de f\u00e9vrier 2022 est le mois qui a connu le\nplus d\u2019incidents depuis 2017 avec 36 incidents.\n\n\n**La destruction / fermeture des services sociaux de base (\u00e9coles, centres de**\n**sant\u00e9, tribunaux, administration publique y compris les services d\u2019\u00e9tat civil)**\n\nLe ciblage par les GANI des agents de l\u2019\u00e9tat ou de toute personne per\u00e7ue\ncomme tels, ainsi que les attaques r\u00e9currentes contre certaines structures,\nnotamment les \u00e9coles et les centres de soins, ont vid\u00e9s les zones les plus\naffect\u00e9s des services essentiels. Nombre d\u2019enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9s \u00e0\nabandonner l\u2019\u00e9cole pour travailler (notamment dans les sites d\u2019orpaillage, les\nd\u00e9bits de boisson etc.) Ces enfants, dont certains sont non accompagn\u00e9s ou\ns\u00e9par\u00e9s, sont \u00e0 risque de recrutement forc\u00e9 par les GANI. La fermeture de\ntribunaux et des services de l\u2019administration publique aggrave quant \u00e0 elle la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations, y compris des personnes d\u00e9tenues, et les prive\nde leurs droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice\n\n\n**Le changement climatique et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire**\n\n\nLe changement climatique a un impact direct sur la vie, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le bien\u00eatre des populations au Burkina. Le pays est de plus en plus durement touch\u00e9\npar les \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques \u00e0 \u00e9volution lente (temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es,\npluviom\u00e9trie impr\u00e9vue). Ces d\u00e9fis combin\u00e9s affectent la g\u00e9ographie de la\nproduction alimentaire et des maladies v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales ; sans action, et\ncoupl\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante et les d\u00e9placements massifs, la production\nagricole a diminu\u00e9 drastiquement dans certaines r\u00e9gions du pays.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les risques climatiques touchent particuli\u00e8rement les femmes et les filles, qui\nsupportent souvent un fardeau disproportionn\u00e9 pour subvenir aux besoins de\nleur famille, que ce soit en renon\u00e7ant aux repas pour nourrir les autres ou en\nparcourant des distances de plus en plus longues pour trouver de l\u2019eau, de la\nnourriture et du bois de chauffe, dont la disponibilit\u00e9 diminue, tandis que la\npression sur les ressources augmente.\n\n#### **4. RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n##### Risque 1 : D\u00e9placements massifs forc\u00e9s ou pr\u00e9ventifs des populations\n\nciviles des zones \u00e0 forts d\u00e9fis s\u00e9curitaires\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDans l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9gions couvertes par les acteurs de Monitoring de\nProtection (Projet 21), les d\u00e9placements internes ont principalement \u00e9t\u00e9\npr\u00e9ventifs ou en r\u00e9action directe \u00e0 des attaques et/ou des menaces. \u00c0 ces\nd\u00e9placements, se sont ajout\u00e9s d\u2019importants mouvements transfrontaliers.\nL\u2019intensification du conflit continue d\u2019augmenter le nombre de cas de\nviolations graves commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des enfants. Les r\u00e9centes attaques\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les GANI ont mis en \u00e9vidence la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019enfants aux seins\n\n\n1 Situation du d\u00e9nombrement des PDI suite aux incidents de Seytenga au 21 juin 2022\n\n\n\ndes leurs rangs. Avec l\u2019augmentation du nombre d\u2019enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non\naccompagn\u00e9s, le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation des enfants par des groupes arm\u00e9s\ncontinue de repr\u00e9senter l'une des plus grandes menaces pour les\nenfants notamment les gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\nFace \u00e0 l\u2019exacerbation des attaques, l\u2019on observe au quotidien des mouvements\nde population, occasionnant les s\u00e9parations familiales d\u2019enfants de leurs\nparents ou tuteurs. Par exemple, l\u2019attaque de Seytenga qui a contraint des\nmilliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer, a caus\u00e9 la s\u00e9paration familiale d\u2019environ\n70 [1] enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et pris en charge par les acteurs de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfant.\n\n##### Risque 2 : Violences psychologiques et physiques \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des\n\nfemmes, des enfants, des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et des personnes vivant avec\nun handicap\n\nLes enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s (ENAES) sont souvent expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une\npl\u00e9thore de risques de protection (viol, exploitation, recrutement dans les\ngroupes arm\u00e9, etc.). Le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et le sabotage des\ninstallations t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques dans de nombreuses zones impactent les activit\u00e9s\nde recherche et de r\u00e9unification familiale des ENAES, causant des retards et\naugmentant la p\u00e9riode de s\u00e9paration familiale, avec des cons\u00e9quences\nn\u00e9gatives sur les enfants.\n\n\nLes femmes et les filles sont impact\u00e9es par la crise actuelle. En plus d\u2019\u00eatre\nvictimes des violations graves des droits de l\u2019Homme, on assiste \u00e0 un\ninversement des r\u00f4les dans la cellule familiale. En effet, certaines femmes sont\ndevenues cheffes de m\u00e9nage, et doivent ainsi satisfaire aux besoins des\nm\u00e9nages dont elles ont nouvellement la pleine responsabilit\u00e9. Cela peut mener\n\u00e0 des risques de protection, tels que le d\u00e9veloppement de strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9gatives\nde survie, ou l\u2019exposition \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, etc.\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) disponibles aupr\u00e8s du\ndomaine de responsabilit\u00e9 VBG renseignent que la majorit\u00e9 des survivants\nayant eu acc\u00e8s aux services de prise en charge sont principalement des PDI, soit\n91% des cas. La majorit\u00e9 des survivants soit 93% sont des femmes et filles\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "adultes (18 ans et plus). La violence \u00e9motionnelle ou psychologique repr\u00e9sente\n52,8% des cas d\u00e9clar\u00e9s, suivi des cas de d\u00e9ni des ressources 18,3% et des cas\nd\u2019agressions physiques 16% dans un contexte des violences entre partenaires\nintimes. Les autres types de violences rapport\u00e9s durant la p\u00e9riode sont des cas\nde viol (6,1%), de mariages forc\u00e9s et pr\u00e9coces (5,2%) et d\u2019agressions sexuelles\n(2,1%). De plus, il est \u00e0 noter que 34,6% de l\u2019ensemble des cas sont rapport\u00e9s\ndans la r\u00e9gion du Centre-Nord, suivi de celle du Sahel avec 32%, des r\u00e9gions du\nNord (11%), de l\u2019Est (10,1%), du Centre-Est (5,9%) et de la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle\ndu Mouhoun (5,6%). Cette situation met en avant l\u2019urgence d\u2019\u00e9tendre la\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s VBG dans toutes les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nLa violence entre partenaires intimes est l\u2019une des formes de violence sexiste\nla plus r\u00e9pandue. Environ 36% des survivant(e)s aid\u00e9(e)s dans des points de\nprestation de services \u00e0 travers le pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violence conjugale.\nLa cartographie mise \u00e0 jour des services de r\u00e9ponse VBG au Burkina Faso\nd\u00e9montre que seuls 17% des zones prioritaires disposent des services\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s VBG.\n\n\nLes rapports de mission et les audits de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 VBG mentionnent tous que les\nfemmes et filles sont expos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re permanente aux risques de VBG,\ntels que les viols individuels ou collectifs, les agressions physiques et/ou\nsexuelles, les violences psychologiques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les GANI ou par les PDI\net membres des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, lorsqu\u2019elles parcourent des distances \u00e0\nla recherche d\u2019eau, de bois de chauffe ou qu\u2019elles retournent dans leurs\nlocalit\u00e9s de provenance pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs biens (r\u00e9coltes, articles m\u00e9nagers\nessentiels, etc.). En outre, des normes sociales n\u00e9fastes et de multiples\ndiscriminations fond\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00e2ge et le sexe coupl\u00e9s et/ou associ\u00e9s avec l\u2019impact\nsocio-\u00e9conomique de la crise, du changement climatique, de la pand\u00e9mie de\nCOVID-19 et la crise alimentaire actuelle exacerbent ces risques des VBG pour\nles femmes et filles, alors que les services de prise en charge restent pr\u00e9caires.\n\n\nPlusieurs personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et \u00e0 mobilit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es\nabandonn\u00e9es dans certains villages (Dablo, Foub\u00e9). Parmi les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es\nqui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 fuir, certaines n\u2019ont pas surv\u00e9cu longtemps du fait du\ntraumatisme, de la destruction de la cellule familiale ou de l\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile aux\nsoins. Les personnes vivant avec un handicap physique et autres personnes \u00e0\nbesoins sp\u00e9cifiques souffrent d\u2019une absence de structure familiale,\ncommunautaire ou \u00e9tatique ad\u00e9quate pour leur prise en charge.\n\n\n##### Risque 3 : Tensions sociales li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et l\u2019impact sur le\n\nrespect de la dignit\u00e9 humaine dans les zones de d\u00e9placement, de\nrelocalisation et de retour\n\n\nL`augmentation des d\u00e9placements massifs ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des violations des\ndroits au logement, \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (LTB) pour de nombreuses\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ainsi que pour les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil vuln\u00e9rables.\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et aux ressources naturelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duit en\nraison des conflits violents, surtout pour les femmes qui sont victimes de\ndiscriminations en lien avec le droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre. Les probl\u00e8mes et les\ndiff\u00e9rends non r\u00e9solus en mati\u00e8re de LTB repr\u00e9sentent un obstacle important\n\u00e0 tout type de solutions durables, que les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es soient\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 une occupation secondaire de leurs maisons et de leurs terres\ninitiales ou qu\u2019elles aient du mal \u00e0 acc\u00e9der au logement et aux terres dans leur\nlieu de d\u00e9placement, souvent accompagn\u00e9es de menaces d\u2019expulsion.\n\n##### Risque 4 : Dangers li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) qui\n\npourraient \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour pi\u00e9ger les axes routiers\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La menace explosive demeure une pr\u00e9occupation majeure au Burkina Faso\ndepuis 2017, ann\u00e9e \u00e0 laquelle les premiers incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. A ce\njour, l\u2019on d\u00e9nombre 407 incidents ayant fait 775 victimes (448 de janvier \u00e0 juin\n2022) dont 250 civils, soit 32% des victimes. (Source : UNMAS BFA).\n\n\nDans un contexte s\u00e9curitaire d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9 par des attaques induisant des\nd\u00e9placements massifs de populations, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019engins explosifs, en\nparticulier d\u2019EEI, repr\u00e9sente un risque important pour les populations.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit du fait que les FDS soient consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les principales cibles, le\ncaract\u00e8re non discriminatoire des EEI, font des civils des victimes potentielles.\n\n\nCette probl\u00e9matique est d\u2019autant plus importante que la menace qui ne\nconcernait que cinq r\u00e9gions en 2017 (Sahel, Est, Nord, Centre-Nord et Boucle\ndu Mouhoun) s\u2019est \u00e9tendue au fil des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions. A ce jour, 10\nr\u00e9gions sur 13 sont touch\u00e9es avec une pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rance du nombre d\u2019incidents\ndans les r\u00e9gions de l\u2019Est et du Sahel.\n\n\nSelon l'aper\u00e7u des besoins humanitaires (HNO) 2022, environ 1,000,000 de\npersonnes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme ayant un besoin \u00e9lev\u00e9 de protection contre\nles mines. Ce chiffre est susceptible d'augmenter en raison de la tendance\ncroissante \u00e0 la menace des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s.\n\n\n#### **5. R\u00c9PONSE DE PROTECTION**\n\nLes acteurs de protection travaillent dans tout le pays pour r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins les plus urgents des personnes affect\u00e9es, bien qu\u2019ils se concentrent en\nparticulier sur les 10 r\u00e9gions les plus affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nGr\u00e2ce aux contributions des donateurs, malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et le faible\nfinancement, les acteurs de protection ont fourni une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 plus de\n594,000 de personnes de janvier \u00e0 juin 2022, soit 54% des personnes cibl\u00e9es\npar le Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire (PRH) 2022.\n\n\n594,000 personnes ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse de protection ad\u00e9quate\npendant la p\u00e9riode sous rapport dont 86,759 enfants soit 23% de la cible HRP\nde 2022, 1,487 femmes, soit 12% de la cible HRP ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse\nVBG ; plus de 12,600 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es aux dangers des EEI et\nmines ; 195 personnes (150 hommes et 45 femmes) ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un\naccompagnement juridique pour acquisition de terres s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9ponse aux violations de droits et/ou afin de r\u00e9pondre aux\nrisques de protection, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements, des assistances (et notamment en\ntransferts mon\u00e9taires) ainsi que des appuis psychosociaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9s.\nDes activit\u00e9s de plaidoyer ainsi que de sensibilisation aux normes du droit\ninternational des droits de l\u2019Homme ainsi que du droit international\nhumanitaires ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019attention des acteurs \u00e9tatiques.\n\n\nAu cours de ce semestre, les interventions des acteurs du domaine de\nresponsabilit\u00e9 VBG ont permis d\u2019offrir des services de prise en charge\nmultisectorielle \u00e0 1,663 survivants (cas d\u00e9clar\u00e9) de VBG dont 98% de\nsurvivantes (91% de femmes et 7% de filles). L\u2019analyse fait ressortir que ces\nsurvivants sont principalement des PDI \u00e0 hauteur de 91% et majoritairement\ndes personnes adultes (18 ans et plus) \u00e0 93%. La pr\u00e9vention et la prise en\ncharge des VBG \u00e0 travers des assistances psychosociales (29%), des assistances\nen transferts mon\u00e9taires (6%) et des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements (65%) aupr\u00e8s d\u2019acteurs\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s ont pu \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. Les acteurs de protection ont \u00e9galement pu\nidentifier et r\u00e9f\u00e9rer des cas individuels de protection de l\u2019enfant vers des\nstructures appropri\u00e9es de prise en charge.\n\n\nConcernant les mouvements transfrontaliers, le HCR et ses partenaires ont\nidentifi\u00e9 193 demandeurs d\u2019asile, en coordination avec la Commission\nNationale pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CONAREF). Les acteurs de protection et l\u2019Etat ont\n\u00e9galement conduit des campagnes d\u2019enregistrement de demandeurs d\u2019asile et\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 juin 2022, seulement 10.67 % des fonds requis pour la r\u00e9ponse de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us, contre 17.30% compar\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode pour\n2021, soit une baisse de 7.28 %. Alors que le Burkina Faso conna\u00eet une\naugmentation des besoins de protection au-del\u00e0 des param\u00e8tres \u00e9tablis dans\nle PRH 2022 (novembre 2021), principalement en raison de l\u2019impact du conflit\nen tant que moteur de d\u00e9placement et de contrainte sur les activit\u00e9s\n\n\n\nproductives des communaut\u00e9s touch\u00e9es ainsi que des pr\u00e9cipitations\nirr\u00e9guli\u00e8res pendant la saison des pluies 2021.\n\n\nL\u2019impact de cette baisse du financement sur le terrain se refl\u00e8te dans de\nnombreux projets qui n\u2019ont pas pu \u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre du fait de l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9\nde zones cibl\u00e9es sauf par voie a\u00e9rienne, ce qui sugg\u00e8re des co\u00fbts additionnels\nnon planifi\u00e9s, ou des mesures de r\u00e9orientation vers de nouvelles zones non\npr\u00e9vues dans le plan initial. Par ailleurs, plusieurs milliers de personnes\naffect\u00e9es par la crise n\u2019ont pas pu \u00eatre couvertes par la r\u00e9ponse de protection\nalors qu\u2019elles en ont besoin. Cela s\u2019explique par le fait que ces personnes sont\nnouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans des zones non prioris\u00e9es sous le PRH 2022, mais\nqui sont soudainement devenues des zones d\u2019accueil du fait des r\u00e9cents\nd\u00e9veloppements du conflit.\n\n#### **6. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nRisque 1 : D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s massifs ou pr\u00e9ventifs des populations civiles\ndes zones \u00e0 forts d\u00e9fis s\u00e9curitaires\n\n\n**Au Gouvernement du Burkina Faso**\n\n\n - S\u2019abstenir d\u2019ordonner des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s des populations civiles\nqui ne soient pas absolument n\u00e9cessaires pour la protection des civils.\n\n\n - S\u2019assurer que de tels d\u00e9placements, lorsqu\u2019ils s\u2019imposent, soient\nmen\u00e9s dans le strict respect du droit international humanitaire et du\ndroit international des droits de l\u2019homme.\n\n\n - Garantir aux populations civiles qui contreviendraient \u00e0 de tels ordres,\npar choix ou par obligation, les protections d\u00e9coulant du DIH.\n\n - Travailler avec l\u2019appui de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire, \u00e0 la mise en\nplace de modalit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques de\nprotection associ\u00e9s aux \u00e9vacuations des zones d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat militaire.\n\n - Prendre les dispositions l\u00e9gislatives n\u00e9cessaires visant \u00e0 transposer les\ndispositions des trait\u00e9s internationaux (DIDH et DIH) et r\u00e9gionaux dont\nla Convention de l\u2019Union Africaine de 2009 sur la protection et\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l\u2019assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (Convention de\nKampala), dans son ordonnancement juridique interne, et mettre en\nplace les structures n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur mise en \u0153uvre.\n\n\n**A l\u2019\u00e9quipe humanitaire pays**\n\n\nS\u2019assurer que les activit\u00e9s essentielles du secteur protection, comme le\nmonitoring de protection, sont suffisamment financ\u00e9es pour \u00eatre\npleinement efficace, et, s\u2019assurer que les projets mettant en \u0153uvre ces\nactivit\u00e9s soumis au CERF ou au fond r\u00e9gional, sont prioris\u00e9s en cas de\nsous-financement\n\nRisque 2 : Violences psychologiques et physiques surtout \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des\nfemmes, des enfants, et des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es avec une pr\u00e9occupation\nparticuli\u00e8re pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap\n\n\n**Aux acteurs humanitaires**\n\n\n - Travailler en synergie d\u2019action pour la mitigation des risques de VBG\net pour apporter une r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle aux besoins des\nsurvivant(es) de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n\n\nRisque 3 : Tensions sociales li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et l\u2019impact sur le respect de\nla dignit\u00e9 humaine dans les zones de d\u00e9placement, de relocalisation et de\nretour\n\n\n**Au Gouvernement du Burkina Faso :**\n\n\n - Installer et/ou mettre en place des instances locales de gestion\nalternative des affaires fonci\u00e8res dans toutes les communes en\nprenant en compte les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n\n**Aux acteurs humanitaires :**\n\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s (moyens techniques et mat\u00e9riels) de toutes\nles commissions fonci\u00e8res villageoise (CFV) et toutes les commissions\nde conciliation fonci\u00e8re villageoise (CCFV)\n\n\n\nRisque 4 : Dangers li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) qui pourraient \u00eatre\nutilis\u00e9s pour pi\u00e9ger les axes routiers\n\n\n**Aux acteurs humanitaires**\n\n\n - Organiser des campagnes de sensibilisation des populations et des\ntravailleurs humanitaires aux risques inh\u00e9rents aux engins explosifs.\n\n - Am\u00e9liorer et adapter la prise en charge des victimes des EEI par la\nmise en place d\u2019un circuit de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des victimes des engins\nexplosifs improvises (EEI).\n\n\n**CARTE DE PRESENCE DU CLUSTER ET PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6634c5d3-ea87-4425-b484-649aa1213ed4/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28ao%C3%BBt%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_268/raw/doc_268_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_268/raw/doc_268_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 09a672577a732c538c039622ab7dfe854a2eeb4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_268/raw/doc_268_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **BURKINA FASO**\n## **ANALYSE DE PROTECTION**\n\n### **DECEMBRE 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nLe dernier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 a connu des soubresauts consid\u00e9rables sur le plan s\u00e9curitaire et politique. L\u2019augmentation\ncontinue du nombre d\u2019incidents s\u00e9curitaires a engendr\u00e9 un d\u00e9placement important de populations. Ces derni\u00e8res se sont\nretrouv\u00e9es dans des situations de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accentu\u00e9e par le changement de r\u00e9gime et l\u2019av\u00e8nement de nouveaux\ninterlocuteurs dans les services publics qui a contribu\u00e9 au ralentissement de certaines actions en faveur des personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nEn effet, la d\u00e9gradation continue du contexte socio-politique et s\u00e9curitaire impacte consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019environnement de\nprotection ainsi que les conditions de vie des populations civiles. Au cours du second semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, le nombre des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) et le nombre de violations et atteintes des droits humains se sont accrus \u00e0 cause de\nl\u2019enclavement de certaines localit\u00e9s et les menaces de mort des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques visant \u00e0 restreindre la libert\u00e9 de\ncirculation des populations civiles.\n\n\nFort de cela, les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s s\u2019accroissent chez les personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise, notamment les femmes, enfants,\npersonnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et personnes vivant avec avec un handicap, engendrant d\u2019\u00e9normes difficult\u00e9s pour se soigner, se nourrir, se\nloger, envoyer leurs enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, s\u2019approvisionner en eau potable, avoir une activit\u00e9 de subsistance, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019\u00e9nergie\ndomestique et parfois acc\u00e9der au r\u00e9seau de communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique. L\u2019environnement de protection se d\u00e9grade\ndavantage, causant une augmentation significative des besoins prioritaires au sein de la communaut\u00e9 par rapport au semestre\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent : les besoins en termes d\u2019abris, d\u2019articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels, d\u2019eau, d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, d\u2019assainissement, de soutien\nm\u00e9dical, psychosocial et en gestion de cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre sont immenses.\n\n\nLe pr\u00e9sent rapport ambitionne de livrer une analyse de l\u2019\u00e9volution des risques et de l\u2019environnement de protection pour la\np\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tendant de juillet \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2022. Il est \u00e9labor\u00e9 par le Cluster Protection dans le but de mettre en exergue les\nrisques de protection les plus pro\u00e9minents affectant la population civile au Burkina Faso, en vue de mobiliser l\u2019Etat, les acteurs\nde d\u00e9veloppement et la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer et de r\u00e9adapter les mesures\nd\u2019att\u00e9nuation des cons\u00e9quences de la crise humanitaire sur les populations civiles, et enfin formuler des recommandations \u00e0\ncet effet.\n\n\nAinsi, au cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte, les risques de protection les plus pro\u00e9minents identifi\u00e9s sont les suivants :\n\n\n**1.** **Attaques sur les civils et les infrastructures essentielles**, **et pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres munitions explosives**\n\n\n**2.** **Exacerbation des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s**\n\n\n**3.** **Risques accrus de protection de l\u2019enfance**\n\n\n**4.** **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\n\n**5.** **Obstacles et/ou restrictions \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s logement, terre et biens**\n\n\n**ACTION URGENTE**\n\n\nUne action urgente est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation consid\u00e9rable de l\u2019environnement de protection ainsi que\nles conditions de vie des populations civiles caus\u00e9e par l\u2019accroissement du nombre de violations et atteintes des droits humains\n\u00e0 cause de l\u2019enclavement de certaines localit\u00e9s et des menaces des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques visant \u00e0 restreindre la libert\u00e9\nde circulation des populations civiles. Il est de la plus haute importance de:\n\n- Renforcer la communication aupr\u00e8s des parties prenantes et des communaut\u00e9s autour des principes humanitaires, du\ndroit humanitaire international, et notamment l\u2019interdiction de cibler les infrastructures essentielles.\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s du Gouvernement pour que la protection des civils dans les zones affect\u00e9es par le conflit et\nle d\u00e9placement interne de population restent au c\u0153ur des priorit\u00e9s nationales.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS DE**\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**ENFANTS NON**\n**ACCOMPAGNES OU**\n\n**SEPARES**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES**\n**DEPLACEES INTERNES**\n\n\n\n**ATTAQUES CONTRE**\n\n**POINTS D\u2019EAU**\n\n\n\n**ENLEVEMENTS**\n\n\n## **1,293 1,676 1.8 M 58 213**\n\n**% PERIODE** **[1]** **% ANNEE** **% PERIODE** **% ANNEE** **% PERIODE** **% ANNEE** **% PERIODE** **% ANNEE** **% PERIODE** **% ANNEE**\n\n\n**1** Juin \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre, par rapport \u00e0 janvier \u00e0 juin\n\n\nAu cours du deuxi\u00e8me semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, l\u2019environnement de protection s\u2019est continuellement d\u00e9grad\u00e9 au Burkina\nFaso. En effet, l\u2019activisme des GANE, les op\u00e9rations militaires contre les GANE, l\u2019instauration des zones d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat militaire dans\nles r\u00e9gions du Sahel et de l\u2019Est et la criminalit\u00e9 d\u2019opportunit\u00e9, ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre de mani\u00e8re consid\u00e9rable le nombre\ndes incidents de protection (817 au 1er semestre (S1) \u00e0 1 293 au 2eme semestre (S2)) ainsi que le nombre de personnes ayant\nbesoin de protection et d\u2019aide humanitaire. Le nombre de PDI est pass\u00e9 de 1 741 655 en juin 2022 \u00e0 1 882 391 en d\u00e9cembre\n2022, soit un taux d\u2019augmentation de 19,14% par rapport au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2021, selon le CONASUR. Ce semestre a \u00e9galement\nconnu une recrudescence des incidents et des risques de protection pour la population civile.\n\n\n\nEn effet, la situation s\u00e9curitaire est de\nplus en plus pr\u00e9occupante sur\nl\u2019ensemble du territoire et en particulier\ndans les r\u00e9gions suivantes, o\u00f9 le nombre\nde violations et d\u2019atteintes des droits\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9 par huit dans le Nord, par\nsix dans le Sud-Ouest, par quatre dans la\nboucle du Mouhoun, les Cascades et le\n\nde mouvements dues aux conditions\ns\u00e9curitaires et la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 du\nr\u00e9seau de communication ne\npermettent pas toujours une collecte optimale des incidents (cas du Sahel).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes attaques arm\u00e9es se sont multipli\u00e9es et s\u2019accentuent dans les p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries des zones d\u2019accueil des PDI. Menaces,\nintimidations, ultimatums, blocus, attaques contre les infrastructures essentielles civiles (points d\u2019eau, \u00e9coles, structures de\nsant\u00e9, antennes de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile, ponts, etc.) sont en forte augmentation.\n\n\nLa menace des Engins Explosif Improvis\u00e9s (EEI) s\u2019\u00e9tend progressivement \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions et a touch\u00e9 en fin d\u00e9cembre neuf\n(09) des 13 r\u00e9gions que compte le pays. L\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire devient extr\u00eamement difficile et dans ce contexte, les femmes et\nles enfants qui constituent toujours la majorit\u00e9 du nombre total de PDI demeurent les plus expos\u00e9s aux risques de Protection.\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, les trois premi\u00e8res violations et atteintes des droits humains identifi\u00e9es par le Monitoring\nde Protection (Projet 21) sont les atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne, les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et les\natteintes au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9. A titre illustratif, le nombre d\u2019enl\u00e8vements rapport\u00e9 dans le cadre du Monitoring de Protection\n(Projet 21) a augment\u00e9 de 43% entre le premier et le second semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, passant de 121 \u00e0 213 victimes.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nEn plus des d\u00e9nis ou restrictions forc\u00e9es de mouvement, des atteintes et des violations graves des droits des enfants\ndocument\u00e9es, l\u2019ensemble des cat\u00e9gories de violations et atteintes de droits humains identifi\u00e9es par le Monitoring de\nProtection (Projet 21) ont augment\u00e9.\n\n\nCes tendances sont confirm\u00e9es par les perceptions des m\u00e9nages et informateurs clefs enqu\u00eat\u00e9es au cours de la p\u00e9riode, qui\nindiquent que les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et les atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nde la personne sont de plus en plus pr\u00e9occupantes au sein de leurs communaut\u00e9s, en comparant les donn\u00e9es des premiers au\ndeuxi\u00e8me semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022.\n\n\n**Attaques/destructions d\u2019infrastructures scolaires**\n\n\nSelon le Rapport Statistique Mensuel de donn\u00e9es de l'Education en Situation d\u2019Urgence du 31 d\u00e9cembre 2022, le nombre\nd'\u00e9tablissements ferm\u00e9s est pass\u00e9 de 5 574 \u00e0 6 253 soit une hausse de 679 structures \u00e9ducatives. Ces fermetures repr\u00e9sentent\nenviron 23.88% des structures \u00e9ducatives du Burkina Faso. Elles affectent 1 076 155 \u00e9l\u00e8ves soit 523 194 filles (48,62%), ainsi\nque 31 594 enseignants y compris 10 130 femmes (32,06%).\n\n\nCette situation affecte les enfants et leurs familles qui peinent \u00e0 trouver des alternatives \u00e0 la poursuite du cursus scolaire. En\nd\u00e9note les multiples alertes sur des arriv\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves en qu\u00eate de places dans les \u00e9coles des grands centres urbains. Ce qui\nexpose les enfants \u00e0 de nombreux risques de protection.\n\n\n**Attaques/destructions de point d\u2019eau**\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2022, 58 points\nd\u2019eau ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9s, contre 21 points\nd\u2019eau en 2021 et 3 points d\u2019eau attaqu\u00e9s\nen 2020.\n\n\nLes attaques aux points d\u2019eau en 2022\nont eu lieu dans 26 localit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes,\ny compris 4 villages/secteurs \u00e0 Arbinda\n(Sahel), 10 villages/secteurs \u00e0\nBarsalogho, 6 villages/secteurs \u00e0 Djibo,\nDori (Yacouta), Kaya (Dem), Namsiguia,\nRambo, Sebba, Zimtenga (Kargo). On\nestime que 464 681 personnes ont\nperdu leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable en\nraison de ces attaques directes contre\nles points d\u2019eau.\n\n\nDe plus, dans 7 localit\u00e9s les services\nd\u2019eau ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perturb\u00e9s en raison\nd\u2019attaques contre les pyl\u00f4nes\n\u00e9lectriques qui ont impact\u00e9 le\nfonctionnement des r\u00e9seaux de distribution d\u2019eau de ces villes (Barsalogho, Dori, Gayeri, Pama, Pissila, Titao, Tougouri). On\nestime que 365 549 personnes ont perdu leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable en raison de ces attaques.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nAu total, 830 230 personnes ont perdu leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable en raison de ces attaques contre les points d\u2019eau et pyl\u00f4nes\n\u00e9lectriques, ce qui repr\u00e9sente plus du double du nombre de personnes dans le besoin atteintes par la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire en\neau sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode.\n\n\nFort de cette situation, la corv\u00e9e d\u2019eau contraint les populations et particuli\u00e8rement les femmes et jeunes filles \u00e0 parcourir de\nlongues distances ou \u00e0 de longues attentes pour s\u2019approvisionner. Cela engendre des risques de VBG, EEI, Enl\u00e8vement,\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale, Sant\u00e9, Hygi\u00e8ne, etc.\n\n\n**Destruction des infrastructures \u00e0 caract\u00e8re civil y compris des bureaux d\u2019\u00e9tat civil**\n\n\nLes civils sont impact\u00e9s par la destruction r\u00e9guli\u00e8re des infrastructures de franchissement situ\u00e9es sur les axes menant vers les\nprincipaux centres urbains du pays. A titre d\u2019illustration, le pont de Nar\u00e9 qui relie Ouagadougou \u00e0 Dori a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019au moins\ntrois actes de sabotage depuis juillet 2022.\n\n\nEcoles, centres de sant\u00e9, \u00e9tablissements publics, ouvrages d\u2019eau et d\u2019assainissement, infrastructures de franchissement, sont\nles cibles des attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les GANE, impactant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations affect\u00e9es. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions\ndu pays, les atteintes aux biens, \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 la vie ainsi que le sabotage des infrastructures et ouvrages publics ont\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019accroissement des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et \u00e0 une perturbation importante des services sociaux de base, avec un impact\nn\u00e9gatif sur le plan social, \u00e9conomique, juridique et psychosocial.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit de ces attaques, il y a l\u2019absence ou l\u2019abandon des structures publiques et priv\u00e9es qui entrave l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations\naux services sociaux de base (\u00e9tat civil, justice, caisse, banque, etc.). Par exemple, \u00e0 Pama, dans la r\u00e9gion Est, depuis des mois\naucun enfant qui y na\u00eet ne peut avoir un acte de naissance ; ceci a, entre autres cons\u00e9quences, de rendre plusieurs de ces\nenfants \u00e0 risque d\u2019apatridie. Des alternatives sont parfois d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour apporter la r\u00e9ponse ; sur le plan juridique,\nl\u2019affectation temporaire des activit\u00e9s du Tribunal de Grande Instance de Dori \u00e0 la Cour d\u2019Appel de Ouagadougou du fait de la\nmenace des GANE a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ralentir le traitement des dossiers ainsi que la difficult\u00e9 pour certaines personnes de saisir le\ntribunal pour lui soumettre leur requ\u00eate. Il en est de m\u00eame de la lenteur dans le traitement des dossiers des personnes en\nd\u00e9tention provisoire.\n\n**Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres munitions explosives**\n\n\nLe Burkina Faso conna\u00eet une\naugmentation constante des\nincidents li\u00e9s aux explosifs\ndepuis 2017. Le nombre\nd'incidents enregistr\u00e9s en 2022\n(215) constitue plus du double\nde celui de 2021 (106). Le\nnombre moyen d'incidents est\nde 17,91 par mois en 2022,\ncontre une moyenne de 8,8 en\n2021 et 6 en 2020. Ces 215\nincidents enregistr\u00e9s en 2022\nont fait 456 victimes, 49,39% de\ncivils, dans neuf (09) r\u00e9gions.\nEntre juillet et d\u00e9cembre 2022,\n96 incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s.\n\n\nCi-apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9partition\nmensuelle des incidents li\u00e9s aux\nEEI en 2022 selon l`UNMAS.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nL'utilisation croissante des EEI, en plus de\nfaire des victimes, a r\u00e9duit l'acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire pour apporter l'aide n\u00e9cessaire\naux populations dans le besoin, port\u00e9\natteinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvements, \u00e0 la libre\ncirculation des biens et des personnes. Les\nEEI ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e9galement \u00e0 l'isolement\ndes zones, avec la destruction r\u00e9currente de\nponts dans les r\u00e9gions Centre-Nord, Sahel et\nEst (le pont de Nare sur l\u2019axe kaya-Dori ; le\npont de Wouss\u00e9 et Kieya sur l\u2019axe Kongoussi\net Djbo). Ci-contre la situation des ponts\nd\u00e9truits par l\u2019usage d\u2019EEI sur le deuxi\u00e8me\nsemestre 2022. Selon l`UNMAS les EEI\nconstituent une menace importante pour les\npopulations en mouvement, en particulier les\nPDI, qui peuvent y \u00eatre confront\u00e9es \u00e0 tout\nmoment pendant leur d\u00e9placement vers des zones plus s\u00fbres ou pour leur pitance quotidienne, surtout les enfants.\n\n### RISQUE 2 Exacerbation des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s\n\n\n\nL\u2019exacerbation du\nd\u00e9placement\nforc\u00e9 et les\nmultiples\nd\u00e9placements\nsecondaires des\nPDI dus \u00e0\nl\u2019extension des\nzones d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\net aux\nnombreuses\n\nPDI et \u00e9galement sur les activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse de protection et d\u2019assistance en faveur des PDI.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa saturation des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil des chefs-lieux de provinces et des principales villes secondaires, o\u00f9 les ressources et\nservices essentiels disponibles \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 limit\u00e9s, constitue un autre facteur de l\u2019exacerbation des risques de Protection\nauxquels sont confront\u00e9es les populations civiles, tant h\u00f4tes que d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, en termes de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la qualit\u00e9 de vie,\nsurtout pour les femmes et les enfants. La promiscuit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par la surcharge des habitations de familles d\u2019accueil expose les\nfemmes et les enfants \u00e0 un risque accru de VBG.\n\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s en direction de villes qui, ne sont pas s\u00fbres \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 le nombre d\u2019attaques\nr\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es des GANE sur des postes de police ou des objectifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 situ\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des principaux centres urbains, ainsi\nque des enl\u00e8vements des personnes par les GANE dans et aux alentours des villes.\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements transfrontaliers des PDI, notamment vers les pays voisins (B\u00e9nin, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo),\nl\u2019Afrique du Nord et l\u2019Europe, se sont accentu\u00e9s avec des risques accrus de traite et/ou de trafic.\n\n\nCes d\u00e9placements engendrant une pression sur les ressources pourraient parfois \u00e9corcher des sensibilit\u00e9s des populations\namen\u00e9es \u00e0 cohabiter dans un m\u00eame espace. Surtout que les traumatismes v\u00e9cus d\u00e9veloppent des d\u00e9viances, des strat\u00e9gies\nn\u00e9gatives d\u2019adaptation et des sentiments de vengeance.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nL\u2019escalade de la violence et la croissance des incidents au cours du second semestre ont une cons\u00e9quence directe sur les\npopulations civiles particuli\u00e8rement les femmes et les enfants majoritairement touch\u00e9s par les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de civils,\nles s\u00e9parations familiales, de violences sexuelles...etc.\n\n### RISQUE 3 Risques accrus de protection de l\u2019enfance\n\n\nL\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es du Monitoring de Protection (Projet 21) d\u00e9montre une exacerbation des probl\u00e9matiques propres \u00e0 la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance. Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, la d\u00e9scolarisation massive d\u2019enfants, cons\u00e9quence directe de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la fermeture des \u00e9coles, a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 en une plus forte exposition aux risques li\u00e9s au travail des enfants, aux\nmariages pr\u00e9coces, aux grossesses non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, \u00e0 la mendicit\u00e9, au recrutement forc\u00e9, \u00e0 la traite des enfants, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la vie\nen situation de rue. 1 676 Enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s (ENAES) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au deuxi\u00e8me semestre contre\n1 492 cas au premier semestre, soit une augmentation de 12%. 3 068 enfants \u00e0 risques ou victimes de la maltraitance physique\net psychologique ou de pires formes de travail des enfants ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s de juillet \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2022. De janvier\n2022 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2022, le nombre de graves violations contre les enfants a augment\u00e9 de 137 % par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode\nen 2021.\n\n\n\nDe juillet \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2022, 106 incidents de\nprotection de l\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s \u00e0\ntravers le r\u00e9seau de Monitoring de protection\nde l\u2019enfant mis en place en juillet 2022. Les\nprincipales atteintes et violations rapport\u00e9es\nsont entre autres les cas de s\u00e9parations\nfamiliales, les disparitions, les attaques contre\nles h\u00f4pitaux, les enl\u00e8vements, toutes des\nviolations qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des r\u00e9percussions\ndirectes ou indirectes sur les enfants r\u00e9sultant\nen de nombreux cas de bless\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels de base**\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base s\u2019est\ncontinuellement d\u00e9grad\u00e9 dans toutes les\nr\u00e9gions avec la fermeture de plusieurs services\n\u00e0 but social ; sanitaire \u00e9ducatif, etc. rendant les\npopulations plus vuln\u00e9rables et plus expos\u00e9es\naux risques de protection. A titre d\u2019exemple,\ndans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est, le service \u00e9tatique en\ncharge de protection de l\u2019enfant y compris la\ndocumentation civile s\u2019est retir\u00e9e de 10\ncommunes \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\n**D\u00e9scolarisation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa fermeture de plus de 6 200 \u00e9coles a priv\u00e9\n\nSur le nombre total d'enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, seuls\n258,516 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9inscrits dans des\n\u00e9coles formelles. Cette d\u00e9scolarisation forc\u00e9e\nexpose les enfants \u00e0 plusieurs risques de protection dont : diff\u00e9rentes formes de stigmatisation dans leur nouvel\nenvironnement, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le risque d\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuels, l\u2019augmentation du travail des enfants notamment\ndans ses pires formes, le mariage d\u2019enfants comme strat\u00e9gie n\u00e9gative de survie ou d\u2019adaptation et les grossesses pr\u00e9coces et\nnon d\u00e9sir\u00e9es. La fermeture d\u2019\u00e9coles pour cause d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les frais importants li\u00e9s \u00e0 la scolarit\u00e9 et la volont\u00e9 des enfants de\nrester \u00e0 la maison sont les trois principales raisons d\u2019abandon scolaire par ann\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tude les plus rapport\u00e9es par les m\u00e9nages [i] .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n**Risques d\u2019association ou recrutement des enfants par les GANE**\n\n\nLe Monitoring de Protection (Projet 21) indique \u00e9galement les craintes du personnel enseignant, qui estime ne pas disposer\ndes conditions de travail, de r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires pour exercer leurs fonctions dans des lieux d\u2019affectation [ii],\npointant ainsi de nombreux risques de protection per\u00e7us. La fermeture des \u00e9coles expose les enfants au risque de recrutement\npar les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques. Parall\u00e8lement, les enfants demeur\u00e9s scolaris\u00e9s sont \u00e9galement expos\u00e9s, dans la mesure\no\u00f9 l\u2019occupation des classes est de deux \u00e0 quatre fois sup\u00e9rieure aux normes pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es par l\u2019UNESCO [iii] . On note par ailleurs\nune tendance \u00e0 la hausse de l\u2019association des enfants avec les groupes arm\u00e9s, en effet, 17% d\u2019enfants non-scolaris\u00e9s, consult\u00e9s\nlors de l\u2019\u00e9valuation conjointe des besoins Education-Protection de l\u2019enfant r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec l\u2019appui de REACH, ont cit\u00e9\nl\u2019association des enfants avec les groupes arm\u00e9s comme 3\u00e8me risque parmi les cinq les plus rapport\u00e9s, apr\u00e8s le travail et le\nmariage d\u2019enfants et avant l\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfants et la s\u00e9paration familiale.\n\n\n**Travail des enfants**\n\n\nAu cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, le travail des enfants a constitu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re constante le principal risque de Protection touchant\nles enfants pour les communaut\u00e9s enqu\u00eat\u00e9es dans le cadre du Projet 21. Les enfants sont tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9s \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, pour\ndes raisons \u00e9videntes selon les cas : \u00e9volution dans un milieu d\u2019orpaillage, exemples de \u00ab r\u00e9ussite \u00bb sociale d\u2019orpailleurs. Les\nenfants sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreux dangers : produits chimiques, travail dangereux et p\u00e9nible, risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019exploitation et\nd\u2019abus sexuel, notamment pour les tr\u00e8s jeunes filles. Enfin, les enfants travailleurs peuvent \u00eatre souvent s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs\nparents, ce qui accroit tous les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la protection. 6% d\u2019incidents de protection de l\u2019enfant enregistr\u00e9s pendant la\np\u00e9riode rapport\u00e9e ont port\u00e9 sur le travail. Selon l\u2019\u00e9valuation conjointe des besoins Education-Protection de l\u2019enfant, le travail\ndes enfants (branche dangereuse) affectait particuli\u00e8rement les gar\u00e7ons et \u00e9tait le risque le plus fr\u00e9quemment rapport\u00e9 pour\nla tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge 14 et plus, tous statuts de scolarisation confondus, par tous les informateurs cl\u00e9s interrog\u00e9s sur la question.\n\n### RISQUE 4 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\nLes femmes et filles sont deux fois victimes de la d\u00e9gradation de la situation de protection au Burkina Faso. Victimes en tant\nque membres des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es mais aussi victimes en raison des contraintes sociales li\u00e9es aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre.\nMalgr\u00e9 les contraintes d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les femmes et filles sont oblig\u00e9es de jouer pleinement leur r\u00f4le de nourrici\u00e8re de leurs\nfamilles conform\u00e9ment aux normes sociales, aux grands risques et p\u00e9rils de leurs vies. Des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de masse et\nd\u2019agressions physiques sont rapport\u00e9s notamment lors des attaques des points d\u2019eau et au moment o\u00f9 elles vont chercher la\nnourriture ou le bois de chauffe pour leurs familles.\n\n\nL\u2019urbanisation du d\u00e9placement oblige certaines d\u2019entre elles \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des strat\u00e9gies pour pourvoir aux besoins essentiels\nde leur prog\u00e9niture. Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes comme le sexe de survie, les travaux domestiques et le ramassage des agr\u00e9gats se sont\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans les zones \u00e0 forte concentration de populations. On note une augmentation de 55% des cas rapport\u00e9s au cours\nde ce semestre comparativement au premier semestre. Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, 3671 survivant(e)s dont 98% de\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\nfemmes et 2% d\u2019hommes ont demand\u00e9 et obtenu des services (prise en charge m\u00e9dical, psychosocial, juridique et AGR) aupr\u00e8s\ndes acteurs (membres de l\u2019AoR VBG y compris les services de l\u2019Etat). Les violations rapport\u00e9es sont le viol (8%), les agressions\nsexuelles (2%), les violences physiques (26%), les mariages forc\u00e9s (6%), les d\u00e9nis de ressources, de services et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s\n(14%) et les violences psychologiques (44%).\n\n\nLes profils des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs sont assez diversifi\u00e9s et se r\u00e9partissent entre les hommes en armes, les partenaires intimes\net les autres membres de la communaut\u00e9. En raison de certaines pesanteurs culturelles qui favorisent le silence et l\u2019impunit\u00e9\ndes auteurs, plusieurs survivantes des VBG pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent ne pas mentionner les profils des auteurs des violences qu\u2019elles subissent.\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) constituent le premier type de violation identifi\u00e9 par le Monitoring de Protection\n(Projet 21) au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue. En comparaison avec les mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, les VBG se sont exacerb\u00e9es et sont\ndevenues pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie de violation identifi\u00e9e au courant du mois de septembre 2022. Aussi,\nles probl\u00e8mes touchant les femmes et les filles ont continuer \u00e0 s\u2019accroitre ; le manque d\u2019activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus,\nainsi que les probl\u00e8mes de scolarit\u00e9s, sont tr\u00e8s perceptibles dans les villes d\u2019accueils.\n\n### RISQUE 5 Obstacles et/ou restrictions \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s logement, terre et biens\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par le Monitoring de Protection (Projet 21), les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es ont per\u00e7u un nombre\ncroissant de tensions li\u00e9es aux aspects logement, terre et biens (+8%), aux tensions intercommunautaires (+4%), ainsi qu\u2019aux\ntensions ethniques et religieuses (+2%) entre le premier et le second semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022.\n\n**Atteintes au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9**\n\n\nLes atteintes au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n\nimportantes atteintes en nombre\nde personnes touch\u00e9es et en\nnombre d\u2019incidents enregistr\u00e9s\n\nde Protection (Projet 21) des\n\net de l\u2019Est au cours du dernier\n\ndans la seule r\u00e9gion du Sahel, au\n\nl\u2019atteinte au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est\nde 17,94% (selon le rapport du\nMonitoring de Protection).\n\nLes types d\u2019atteinte au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s sont pour la plupart li\u00e9s aux vols de b\u00e9tail, aux destructions de biens lors\ndes attaques, aux d\u00e9pouillements de la population civile sur les axes contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les GANE, ou encore aux abandons des\nbiens au cours du d\u00e9placement. Des violences physiques, sexuelles et psychologiques sont r\u00e9currentes lors des mouvements\npendulaires \u00e0 la recherche des biens rest\u00e9s (zone de d\u00e9part). Ces atteintes se sont aggrav\u00e9es dans le dernier trimestre 2022\navec les diff\u00e9rents enclavements sur les villes et les grands axes qui limitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations \u00e0 leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s (champs,\nzones de p\u00e2turage, etc.). Effectivement dans certaines zones les ultimatums de d\u00e9guerpissement en pleine saison hivernale\nn\u2019ont pas permis \u00e0 la population d\u2019achever les cultures et d\u2019y r\u00e9colter.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n**Conflits fonciers**\n\n\nLes conflits engendrant le d\u00e9placement et post-d\u00e9placement existent. Le pourcentage de m\u00e9nages rapportant poss\u00e9der des\ndocuments \u00e9crits officiels pour l'abri/le logement d'occupation est seulement de 7% dans la population PDI selon l\u2019\u00c9valuation\nMultisectorielle des Besoins (MSNA) de REACH de d\u00e9cembre 2022.\n\n\nCeci illustre parfaitement le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 du pourcentage de m\u00e9nage en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation qui est de 93% au sein de la\npopulation PDI. Ces m\u00e9nages sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des expulsions \u00e0 tout moment et \u00e0 la promiscuit\u00e9 dans les sites et familles\nd\u2019accueil aggravant leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, et les exposant \u00e0 d\u2019autres types d\u2019abus.\n\n\nCes occupations, sans titre, des terres ou logement sont des faits g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de conflits entre les possesseurs fonciers et les\nnouveaux arrivants. Aussi la raret\u00e9 des terres dans les zones d\u2019accueil aggrave les conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs. A cela,\nil faut ajouter la faible op\u00e9rationnalit\u00e9 des instances locales de gestion du foncier rural issues de la loi 034-2009 du 16 Juin\n2009 portant r\u00e9gime foncier rural et charg\u00e9e de la gestion et pr\u00e9vention des conflits fonciers qui ne permet pas \u00e0 ces structures\nde jouer pleinement leur r\u00f4le.\n\n\nEnfin, la d\u00e9localisation des tribunaux de grande instance (TGI) des r\u00e9gions les plus affect\u00e9es par la crise comme ceux du Sahel\net certains de la Boucle du Mouhoun a un impact sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour le r\u00e8glement des conflits fonciers et la mise en\n\u0153uvre de la conciliation pr\u00e9vue en mati\u00e8re de conflit foncier ruraux.\n\n\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des types de conflits\nfonciers habituels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7us\navec une plus grande acuit\u00e9 par les\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es au second\nsemestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. Selon les\ndonn\u00e9es du Projet 21 (Monitoring de\n\nentre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs (+8%),\nentre population h\u00f4te et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n(+0,5%), entre \u00e9leveurs (+3%) et\n\nont augment\u00e9. N\u00e9anmoins, il est\n\n(-6%) et que les conflits entre\n\nrepr\u00e9sentent que le 3e type de\nconflit le plus pr\u00e9sent dans les perceptions des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es au Burkina Faso.\n\n**Saturation des capacit\u00e9s dans les zones d\u2019accueil**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLe plus grand d\u00e9fi est li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement d\u00e9cent dans les zones d\u2019accueil. En effet les probl\u00e8mes de disponibilit\u00e9 de\nlogement se posent soit parce que les co\u00fbts locatifs sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s, soit parce que l\u2019\u00e9tat des logis est d\u00e9fectueux, soit qu\u2019il n\u2019y ait\npas de sites am\u00e9nag\u00e9s ou de logements gratuits.\n\n\nLes localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil font face \u00e0 une importante demande telle que les propri\u00e9taires du bail ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9\nle prix des loyers, impayables pour des personnes sans activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques.\n\n\nA titre illustratif selon l\u2019\u00c9valuation Multisectorielle des Besoins (MSNA) de REACH de d\u00e9cembre 2022, le pourcentage de\nm\u00e9nages PDI ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des terres pour les cultures ou pour l'\u00e9levage (d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9 terres arables ou pastorales) qui \u00e9tait de\n16% en 2021 est tomb\u00e9 \u00e0 14 % en 2022. En effet, la surpopulation des zones d\u2019accueil cr\u00e9e une grande pression sur les espaces\ndisponibles et ressources naturelles. Ce qui illustre la saturation des grands centres urbains qui sont les principales zones\nd\u2019accueil des PDI jug\u00e9es plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9e avec un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance/services sociaux de base.\n\n\nNotons qu\u2019il ressort des retours des partenaires du cluster Abris, un manque de terres s\u00e9curis\u00e9es pour l\u2019implantation des abris\nd\u2019urgence et/ou des abris semi-durables au profit des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n**PROGRES EN MATIERE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n**COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Sensibiliser les civils et les acteurs humanitaires sur les risques li\u00e9s aux EEI et \u00e9duquer les communaut\u00e9s aux risques\nencourus afin de r\u00e9duire l'impact de la menace des engins explosifs.\n\n- Renforcer la participation communautaire : d\u00e9velopper des strat\u00e9gies de solidarit\u00e9 communautaire et de sensibilisation\ndes populations.\n\n- Renforcer la communication aupr\u00e8s des parties prenantes et des communaut\u00e9s autour des principes humanitaires, du\ndroit humanitaire international, et notamment l\u2019interdiction de cibler les infrastructures essentielles.\n\n- Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des points d\u2019eau dans le cadre du nexus : S\u00e9curiser les stations de pompage et sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie\net toute autre infrastructure impliqu\u00e9e dans l\u2019approvisionnement d\u2019eau.\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9paration et de contingence.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des r\u00e9ponses int\u00e9gr\u00e9es avec l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Adapter l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 des enfants.\n\n- Plaider pour l\u2019installation de ponts a\u00e9riens humanitaires pour le ravitaillement des localit\u00e9s sous enclave.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des initiatives de d\u00e9livrance ponctuelle de services de base aux populations vivant dans les zones enclav\u00e9es.\n\n- Mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019enregistrement de nouveau-n\u00e9s pour pr\u00e9venir le risque d\u2019apatridie.\n\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n\n- Encourager l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays, le Groupe Acc\u00e8s, le CICR et la CM-Coord \u00e0 renforcer la coordination civilo-militaire\npour cr\u00e9er un environnement op\u00e9rationnel favorable \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse de protection.\n\n\n**CLUSTER PROTECTION ET ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Initier une analyse des risques de protection des civils en faisant notamment le lien avec les questions d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services\nde base et explorer les voies de r\u00e9duction des risques y relatifs.\n\n- Mettre \u00e0 jour la cartographie des services de protection existants durant l`ann\u00e9e 2023 dans les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es en y\nassociant les services de sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour faciliter le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et la prestation des services en faveur des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n### RISQUE 2 Exacerbation des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s\n\n\n**COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Renforcer l\u2019identification de cas individuels de protection et la r\u00e9ponse apport\u00e9e par les acteurs de Protection.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des approches de protection int\u00e9gr\u00e9es, associant la pr\u00e9vention des risques de recours aux strat\u00e9gies\nd\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives, activit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion sociale et de coexistence pacifique dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n- Inclure la prise en charge en sant\u00e9 mentale et soutien psycho-sociale dans toutes les activit\u00e9s protection.\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s du Gouvernement pour que la protection des civils dans les zones affect\u00e9es par le conflit et\nle d\u00e9placement interne de population restent au c\u0153ur des priorit\u00e9s nationales.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT DU BURKINA FASO**\n\n\n- S\u00e9curiser la population civile dans les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es pour pr\u00e9venir les d\u00e9placements et faciliter le retour dans leurs\nzones d\u2019origine.\n\n- Mettre en place des dispositifs d\u2019accueil pour les nouveaux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les assister selon les besoins identifi\u00e9s.\n\n- Faciliter les autres solutions durables (int\u00e9gration locale dans les zones de d\u00e9placement et relocalisation ailleurs dans le\npays) aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes qui ne voudront pas retourner dans leurs zones d\u2019origine.\n\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n- Mobiliser la communaut\u00e9 internationale pour financer les projets de protection en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes et mobiliser les responsables sectoriels afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de ces personnes en tant qu\u2019agences de\nderniers recours.\n\n\n**BAILLEURS**\n\n\n- Assurer les financements apr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode des urgences pour le soutien \u00e0 long terme aux programmes de protection en\nfaveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n- Financer les activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention du domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 GBV et Protection de l`Enfance, lutte anti-mines ainsi\nque le LTB afin d`assurer une assistance aux personnes victimes lors et durant les d\u00e9placements.\n\n\n**CLUSTER PROTECTION ET ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Intensifier des missions de redevabilit\u00e9 avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 pour discerner la mani\u00e8re dont les populations\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es per\u00e7oivent l\u2019assistance en protection.\n\n- Intensifier les missions sur le terrain avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 pour mesurer la qualit\u00e9 des services de protection\ndispens\u00e9s par les acteurs de protection en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n- Assurer la transversalit\u00e9 de la protection \u00e0 travers une coordination plus rapproch\u00e9e avec les autres clusters.\n\n### RISQUE 3 Risques accrus de protection de l\u2019enfance\n\n\n**COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Sensibiliser les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sur les effets n\u00e9fastes, \u00e0 court, moyen et long terme, de l\u2019enr\u00f4lement\ndes enfants.\n\n- Apporter un soutien psychosocial \u00e0 tous les membres de la famille, aux enfants et aux enfants enr\u00f4l\u00e9s.\n\n- Anticiper sur l\u2019adoption d\u2019un processus de d\u00e9sarmement-d\u00e9mobilisation-r\u00e9habilitation (DDR) au Burkina Faso.\n\n- Renforcer le m\u00e9canisme de prise en charge des enfants retir\u00e9s des champs d\u2019op\u00e9rations.\n\n- Continuer la vulgarisation du protocole de prise en charge des enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s sur tout le territoire.\n\n- Augmenter les classes \u00e0 double flux pour accueillir dans les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes les enfants des PDI.\n\n- Employer toutes les ressources disponibles pour int\u00e9grer les enfants dans des activit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives ou r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives.\n\n- Rendre accessible et multiplier les formations qualifiantes pour les jeunes qui ne peuvent ou ne souhaitent pas int\u00e9grer\nl\u2019enseignement formel classique.\n\n### RISQUE 4 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n**COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- D\u00e9velopper des approches de protection int\u00e9gr\u00e9es contre le recours aux strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives pour les\nfemmes et les filles les plus vuln\u00e9rables notamment \u00e0 travers le renforcement des opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources\nfinanci\u00e8res et aux moyens de production.\n\n- Renforcer la redevabilit\u00e9 des autres secteurs concernant l\u2019identification des risques des VBG dans leurs op\u00e9rations et\nl\u2019application effective des mesures efficaces pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques identifi\u00e9s.\n\n- Renforcer les strat\u00e9gies innovantes de mise en \u0153uvre des programmes/projets dans les zones difficiles d'acc\u00e8s afin\nd'am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes des violences sexuelles aux services multisectoriels qui sauvent des vies (m\u00e9dicale ;\npsychosociale, \u00e9conomique etc.) dans ces zones.\n\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n\n- Plaider aupr\u00e8s des parties aux conflit \u00e0 travers le leadership de l\u2019EHP pour att\u00e9nuer les risques de protection et VBG dans\nles zones affect\u00e9es par les conflits.\n\n### RISQUE 5 Obstacles et/ou restrictions \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s logement, terre et biens\n\n\n**COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO** | D\u00e9cembre 2022\n\n\n- Accompagner les propri\u00e9taires terriens, les autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles et les autorit\u00e9s locales (D\u00e9l\u00e9gations Sp\u00e9ciales) dans\nl\u2019identification et la s\u00e9curisation d\u2019espaces habitables et cultivables (Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 LTB du Cluster Protection).\n\n- Appuyer les PDI dans le processus d\u2019acquisition et de construction de logements.\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention et de gestion des conflits inter et intracommunautaires en coordination avec les\ninstitutions nationales.\n\n- Soutenir les familles h\u00f4tes qui accueillent des d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes par l\u2019augmentation des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil dans leurs\nm\u00e9nages.\n\n- Accompagner les PDI dans la mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices des revenus pour permettre les paiements de loyer.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes**\n\n\ni Rapport\u00e9 respectivement 36%, 30% et 17% des m\u00e9nages lors de l\u2019\u00e9valuation conjointe des besoins Education-Protection de l\u2019enfant (R\u00e9alis\u00e9e par REACH\nInitiative en Aout-Septembre 2022).\nii Certains ont \u00e9mis le souhait d\u2019\u00eatre accompagn\u00e9s pour rejoindre leurs lieux d\u2019affectation, de percevoir des primes de risques, etc.\niii Cf. rapport mensuel de Monitoring de Protection, r\u00e9gion du Sahel, MBDHP, Octobre 2022.\n\n\n**M\u00e9thodologie**\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente analyse a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite par le Cluster Protection au Burkina Faso, conform\u00e9ment au cadre analytique de Protection,\nsur la base des donn\u00e9es du Monitoring de Protection (Projet 21) qui collecte des donn\u00e9es de Protection dans 259\ncommunes situ\u00e9es dans 45 provinces des 11/13 r\u00e9gions couvertes [1] . Elle se fonde aussi sur d\u2019autres sources de collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es, d\u2019analyses, \u00e9valuations rapides et multisectorielles ainsi que sur des rapports produits par les acteurs\nhumanitaires en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de la Protection en particulier. Rassemblant les informations et les donn\u00e9es quantitatives et\nqualitatives, le Cluster Protection a \u00e9labor\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sent rapport sur la base de donn\u00e9es tant primaires que secondaires.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nIl convient de noter que le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui pr\u00e9vaut au Burkina Faso restreint l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et celui des\nacteurs de collecte de donn\u00e9es, limitant ainsi la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs de Protection \u00e0 collecter des informations\nsuffisamment exhaustives sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire et \u00e0 apporter toute la r\u00e9ponse ad\u00e9quate aux incidents et risques de\nProtection.\n\n\n1 La couverture g\u00e9ographique du dispositif de Monitoring de Protection (Projet 21) au Burkina Faso s\u2019est progressivement \u00e9tendue au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. De deux r\u00e9gions\ncouvertes de janvier \u00e0 mars, le d\u00e9ploiement des moniteurs de Protection de DRC, du HCR et de ses partenaires s\u2019est effectu\u00e9 dans dix r\u00e9gions de mars \u00e0 novembre 2022, avant\nd\u2019\u00eatre actif dans 11 r\u00e9gions du mois de novembre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022\n\n\nPour davantage d\u2019information, veuillez contacter: **Raissa Edwige Sow Ouedraogo** **ouedraor@unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6058d94a-28fc-4d56-bcb5-08dd8d9bc95e/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%20%28d%C3%A9cembre%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_269/raw/doc_269_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_269/raw/doc_269_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 29b52433c9ce3ca3718ee89d9fc5dd64d8d325d4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_269/raw/doc_269_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,224 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n||||||**19**|\n||||||**19**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nFrom 2017 to 2020, the Government of Burkina Faso pursued refugee policies that would further provide\nasylum-seekers and refugees with access to its territory, asylum and public assistance and promote\ndurable solutions. At the same time, it also pursued an encampment policy and issued restrictions that\naffect [refugees\u2019 freedom of movement and choice of residence. These policy changes took place against](https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article94114)\nthe backdrop of a deteriorating security situation in the Sahel region from December 2018 resulting in\nrestrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms which impacted nationals and refugees alike. Despite the\nsecurity situation, the following policy developments were made in the reporting period:\n\n\n[The Government established the Sahel Emergency Programme (Programme d\u2019Urgence pour le Sahel -](http://www.refworld.org/docid/609eb88f4.html)\nPUS) to boost economic and social development in the Centre Est, Centre Nord, Est and Boucle du\n[Mouhoun regions in July 2017. The programme directly targets refugees and host communities.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/609eb88f4.html)\n\n[was adopted in April 2018 through the ]\n## \u2022 [A ] [\u201c][Justice and Human Rights\u201d Sectoral Policy 2018\u20132027]\nMinistry of Justice, Human Rights and Civic Promotion, in response to a commitment to **promote the**\n**inclusion of refugees in national systems** .\n## \u2022 [In 2020, the country finalized a ] [draft law on civil status and nationality, a draft law on the status of ]\n\n**stateless persons and draft guidance on procedures for determining the status of stateless persons**,\nwhich will be the responsibility of the current RSD eligibility committee.\n\n\nThe government has been active on refugee issues at regional and international level, participating in\nDecember 2017 in the **Symposium on Asylum and Mixed Migration in West Africa**, held in Senegal,\naimed to strengthen West African asylum systems. In December 2018, the Government translated the\nsymposium\u2019s recommendations into an **Action Plan**, which is yet to be implemented. In September 2019,\nBurkina Faso participated in the **Regional Dialogue on Protection and Solutions** in Bamako and **signed**\n**the** [Bamako Declaration for Protection and Solutions in the context of forced displacement in the Sahel in](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71598)\nOctober 2019. In this declaration, the government made pledges on access to asylum, solutions for\nrefugees, internally displaced persons and civilian populations, and access to civil status, identity\ndocuments and nationality. These were reiterated at **the first** [Global Refugee Forum](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html) **(GRF)** in December\n2019.\n\n\nBurkina Faso became eligible for the **IDA18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW)** in September 2017, which\nfunded efforts to further include refugees in the [national social protection scheme.](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Burkina Faso_National Social Protection Policy %28Politique Nationale De Protection Sociale%29 2013-2022_2012.pdf)\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nIn July 2017, the Government of Burkina Faso adopted the [Sahel Emergency Programme (PUS) (Decree No](http://www.refworld.org/docid/609eb88f4.html)\n2017-620/PRES/PM/MINEFID of 18 July 2017) covering the Nord and Sahel regions and extended in 2019\nto include the Centre-Est, Est, Centre Nord and Boucle du Mouhoun regions [(extended PUS or PUS+). The](https://dgdt-bf.org/2019/11/19/operationnalisation-des-dispositifs-de-suivi-du-programme-durgence-pour-le-sahel-du-burkina-faso-pus-bf-dans-les-nouvelles-regions-dintervention-dudit-programme/)\nobjective of PUS is to improve the security situation and reduce the vulnerability of the populations in\norder to promote sustainable development in the six regions. The groups targeted by PUS are internally\ndisplaced Persons (IDP), host communities and refugees; its action plan is organized according to four\nthematic areas: (i) addressing security challenges; (ii) addressing urgent social issues; (iii) reinforcing state\npresence; and (iv) building the foundations of resilience for populations.\n\n\nThe Government tasked 12 ministries and the local authorities in the 6 regions, as well as NGOs and civil\nsociety, technical and financial partners, with implementing PUS through an inclusive monitoring and\n[evaluation approach at national, regional, communal and village levels (source: Strategie d\u2019extension du](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efac54.html)\n[programme d\u2019urgence pour le Sahel, 2019\u20132021). The programme is partially funded through the ministries\u2019](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efac54.html)\nannual budgets while remaining needs are advocated for by the Government through various actors.\n\n\nIn addition to PUS and with the support of the country\u2019s development partners, the Government initiated\na Prevention and Peace Building Assessment (PPBA) in 2019 to better frame, harmonize and prioritize\npolicies and investment decisions, from emergency to mid- and long-term responses. A Matrix of Priority\nActions (MAP) resulted from the PPBA exercise to frame public investment budgets. The MAP has only\nbeen partially operationalized for lack of resources.\n\n\n[Despite all of these initiatives and the Government\u2019s stated implementation rate of 28.2 per cent](https://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/informations/actualites/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=427&cHash=90d298aa0ded9d91dc8b9f01e908d062) of the\nPUS+ action plan, investments and operating expenses intended to support the areas economically\naffected by the presence of refugees are yet to be substantially felt. Indeed, the COVID-19-related\nchallenges and the rapid increase in IDP numbers were additional urgent and unforeseen challenges\nfacing the government of Burkina Faso.\n\n\n[The 2013\u20132022 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) provides for social safety nets for all Burkinab\u00e8,](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_National%20Social%20Protection%20Policy%20%28Politique%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%29%202013-2022_2012.pdf)\nincluding host communities. The NSPP has two objectives: (i) to develop adequate and sustainable\nprotection mechanisms against idiosyncratic and exogenous shocks using safety nets; and (ii) to extend\nsocial insurance coverage to informal/agricultural sectors. Institutional anchoring and responsibility for the\nNSPP is shared between the Ministry of Public Service for the contributory social protection programmes\nand the Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, Family and Humanitarian Action (MFSNFAH) for noncontributory ones. Overall coordination of the action plan arising from this policy is entrusted to the\nNational Social Welfare Council (CNPS), chaired by the Prime Minister.\n\n\nIncreased attention to social safety net (SSN) programmes in recent years has resulted in a rise in SSN\nspending: from 1 percent of GDP in 2010 to 2.3 percent in 2015, for instance. The largest SSN programmes\nare: the school feeding programme for primary schools; the school supply programme; the cash for work\nprogramme; scholarships for post-secondary schools; targeted food subsidies and nutrition programmes.\nCriteria for targeting beneficiaries include geographical pre-screening, vulnerability, poverty and food\ninsecurity. Beneficiaries are targeted through a screening process with scorecard methodology. Refugee\nhost communities are likely to meet these criteria and be eligible, since MFSNFAH has been asked to focus\non the PUS+ regions for noncontributory social protection programmes.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nNational policies can be applied to identify, prevent and mitigate potential social tensions and risks of\n[violence in refugee-hosting areas (e.g. the 2019 Criminal Code; the sectoral Justice and Human Rights](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/code-pc3a9nal-nouveau.pdf)\n[Policy 2018\u20132027 issued by the Ministry of Justice, Human Rights and Civic Promotion (MJHRCP); and the](http://www.justice.gov.bf/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Politique-sectorielle-justice-et-droits-humains-version-d%C3%A9finitive.pdf)\n[gender- and youth-sensitive Agrarian and Land Reorganization Law. Although these laws and policies do](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/loi-n-034-2012-portant-raf.pdf)\nnot refer directly to refugees and host communities, they also apply to these groups and are implemented\nin refugee-hosting areas in conjunction with the [Burkina Faso Constitution, the](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/constitution-du-burkina-faso2.pdf) [Burkina Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nand the [2018 Global Compact on Refugees. In addition to these policies, the Ministry of Territorial](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf)\nAdministration, Decentralization and Social Cohesion is working on the 2021\u20132031 national social cohesion\nstrategy, which is expected to comprehensively address social cohesion and is likely to directly target/\ninclude refugees and host communities.\n\n\nWhile Malian refugees have largely been welcomed by local communities, they have experienced growing\nsuspicion and stigmatization, especially in the Sahel region, because of their perceived association with\nthe rise in violence in Burkina Faso since 2017. Several awareness campaigns to combat xenophobia and\nstigmatization have been carried out by the government through CONAREF and local CSOs since 2016.\nHowever, their potential positive impact on social cohesion are yet to be evaluated.\n\n\nAs part of the decentralized governance systems in Burkina Faso, informal and formal local mechanisms\nare in place to promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen engagement, including\nin refugee-hosting areas. The Government\u2019s [National Observatory for the Prevention and Management of](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bkf165552.pdf)\n[Community Conficts (ONAPREGECC) is a response to community conflicts and has decentralized bodies](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bkf165552.pdf)\ndown to the lowest administrative level of all 13 regions in Burkina Faso, which can prevent and deal with\ncommunity conflicts on their own initiative. Implementation of the ONAPREGECC action plan is limited,\nhowever, and receives few resources despite a growing need for inclusive community conflict resolution\nand management mechanisms.\n\n\nIn practice, Conflict Prevention and Management Committees were set up in the two refugee camps with\nthe support of the local authorities, and Protection Committees were set up in each of the 30 out-of-camp\nlocations in the Sahel region. The latter were also mandated by local authorities and CSOs/NGOs to serve\nas early warning mechanisms. The committees are composed of refugees and host community members,\nincluding women representatives. The committee members are trained by local authorities on their roles\nand responsibilities. However, due to the evolving security situation, the majority of refugees in or out of\ncamps become displaced and, as at 30 June 2020, fewer than 10 protection committees were functional.\n\n\n[National policies do formally protect refugees from discrimination. The Burkina Faso Constitution](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/constitution-du-burkina-faso2.pdf) affirms\nthe equality of all persons before the law and their entitlement to the protection of the law without any\n[discrimination. More specifically, the Burkina Faso Refugee Law includes provisions to protect refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nfrom all forms of discrimination and \u201cpromote equal treatment among refugees without discrimination\nbased on race, ethnicity, religion, or country of origin\u201d.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nNational policies exist that can be applied to mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees: the\n[2018\u20132027 Sectoral Policy \u201cEnvironment, Water and Sanitation\u201d, the 2016\u20132030 National Drinking Water](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bkf184861.pdf)\n[Supply Programme (PN-AEP), the](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mea_PN_AEP_2016_2030.pdf) [2016\u20132030 National Wastewater Treatment and Excreta Programme](https://www.mea.gov.bf/fileadmin/user_upload/stockage/documents/PN_AEUE_2016_2030_VERSION_SIGNEE.pdf)\n[and the 2019\u20132023 Sectoral Strategy for Renewable Energy. While these policies do not directly refer to](https://energie.bf/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Strat%C3%A9gie_Secteur-%C3%A9nergie.pdf)\n[refugees and/or host communities, in conjunction with Burkina Faso Refugee Law and the 2018 Global](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\n[Compact on Refugees,](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf) they can be applied and implemented in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of\nboth.\n\n\nIn practice, these policies have some implementation challenges for a lack of dedicated resources and\ngiven that refugee-hosting areas are mostly arid regions with water and energy shortages. PN-AEP aims\nto sustainably meet the population\u2019s drinking water needs in quantity and quality. However, in Goudoubo\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nand Mentao refugee camps, water is provided to refugees and host communities through drilling systems\ninstalled by UNHCR. Water remains a challenge for herders among out-of-camp refugees and host\ncommunities. As for energy, fewer than 5 per cent of refugees in rural areas have access to lighting and\n50 per cent of refugee households living in rural areas are provided with alternative domestic fuel.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nBurkina Faso has a [national preparedness framework to address population movements including refugee](https://www.preventionweb.net/files/10173_PRESENTATIONPLANDECONTINGENCE.pdf)\ninflows, floods, epidemics, food insecurity and natural disasters. The plan includes institutional mechanisms\nas well as sectoral focal points to respond to increased or new refugee inflows in ways that minimize shortand medium-term socioeconomic impacts on the hosting regions. The plan is coordinated by the [National](http://www.conasur.gov.bf/)\n[Council for Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation (CONASUR), an interministerial coordination entity with a](http://www.conasur.gov.bf/)\nPermanent Secretary reporting to MFSNFAH. In practice, implementing this plan is challenging as it has\nnot received the required funding since its creation in 2009. A recommendation is pending concerning the\ncreation of an emergency fund within MFSNFAH. Meanwhile, UNHCR continues to support the government\nfinancially in case of refugee inflows.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nBurkina Faso is a State Party to the [1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) [1967 Protocol](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[relating to the Status of Refugees, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html) [1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc Aspects of Refugee](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n[Problems in Africa and other relevant international and regional instruments. It also endorsed the 2018](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nGlobal Compact on Refugees.\n\n\n[Refugee-related commitments in these instruments are implemented through the Burkina Faso Refugee](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\n[Law, the implementing Decree on the Burkina Faso Refugee Law and the Decree on the Functioning of](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\n[the National Commission for Refugees. It should be noted that the Burkina Faso Refugee law states that](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/90591/104521/F-1258510459/BFA-90591.pdf)\nrefugees\u2019 rights and obligations are equal to those of nationals. However, some of the rights conferred in\nthis law (such as the right to obtain identity and travel documents) are not fully in line with international\nnorms and standards. By contrast, in other areas (such as the right to education), the Burkina Faso Refugee\nLaw exceeds these standards.\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law and its two implementing decrees have been published and distributed in](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nFrench but not yet in the local languages of the host country or country of origin. UNHCR observes gaps\nin the awareness of refugees and authorities, including immigration, border management, labour and\ninvestment-related authorities, regarding the applicable refugee policies and procedures. Lack of\nawareness on the meaning and scope of the rights accorded under the Burkina Faso Refugee Law and the\nlack of clarity regarding the associated roles and responsibilities of government agencies have been\nobserved to negatively affect implementation of these rights. This is especially true in relation to the right\nto work, freedom of movement and the right to identity and travel documents.\n\n\n[The Burkina Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html) and its two implementing decrees include the framework for recognition\nof refugee status and give the National Commission for Refugees (CONAREF) responsibility for its\nimplementation. The procedures as outlined, including those of the appeal process, are in line with\ninternational and regional standards except in a couple of areas in which UNHCR has sought clarification\nregarding the provisions relating to deportation and the withdrawal or termination of refugee status.\n\n\nWhile the Burkina Faso Refugee Law does not specifically refer to prima facie recognition, Article 9 of the\n[Decree on the Burkina Faso Refugee Law](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/90590/104520/F-1866962963/BFA-90590.pdf) includes prima facie recognition of refugee status in Burkina\nFaso. Under this framework, asylum-seekers of all nationalities go through an individual Refugee Status\nDetermination process (RSD), except for Malians who are recognized on a prima facie basis following an\nadministrative note issued in 2012. This allows large groups of asylum-seekers to have rapid access to\nsecurity, protection against refoulement and humanitarian assistance. Other asylum-seekers awaiting a\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\ndecision on their claim largely enjoy the same rights as recognized refugees during the waiting period.\n\n\nDespite the existence of a state asylum system in Burkina Faso, some implementation challenges have\nbeen noted. This includes the lack of decentralization in the asylum system, which means that all asylum\nclaims must be submitted to CONAREF in the capital city, Ouagadougou. Moreover, provisions in the\nRefugee Law result in the denial of asylum claims from refugees in secondary movements, which is\ninconsistent with international norms and standards. RSD and Registration were suspended for two\nmonths in April and May 2020 for new asylum-seekers as part of the Government\u2019s measure to curb the\nspread of COVID-19.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law provides asylum-seekers with the right to stay in the country for the\nduration of the RSD procedure. There are no policy limitations such as time limits or renewal/extension\nrequirements during the RSD process. Similarly, once refugee status is granted by the CONAREF, whether\nthrough prima facie or individual RSD procedures, no such policy limitations exist. There are also no\nreports on limitations in practice.\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law provides for the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement\nin line with international standards. From 2019 until 30 June 2020, there were no known cases of unlawful\ntermination of refugee status by way of cancellation, revocation or cessation; no cases whereby recognized\nrefugees were expelled on the grounds of national security or public order; and no reported cases of\nrefoulement. However, border monitoring is not carried out along the border with Mali and Niger due to\ninsecurity.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe institutional framework for refugee management is provided for by the [Burkina Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html) and\n[its implementing decrees. At the Regional Dialogue on Protection and Solutions to Forced Displacement](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71598)\n[in the Sahel, the Government of Burkina Faso made policy commitments to further improve the institutional](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71598)\nframework at national and sub-national levels; however, this has yet to be implemented to complement the\npolicy basis.\n\n\nAt institutional level, [Decree No 2011-118 on the functioning of the National Commission for Refugees sets](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/90591/104521/F-1258510459/BFA-90591.pdf)\nout the attributions, composition, organization and functioning of CONAREF. CONAREF is an interministerial\nentity within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with a Permanent Secretariat that manages and coordinates\nthe national asylum system, including the RSD eligibility and appeal committees. CONAREF comprises ten\ndepartments in different ministries (Prime Minister, External Affairs, Health, Justice, Human Rights, Social\nAffairs, Security, Defense, Interior and Intelligence Services)\n\n\nIn practice, CONAREF remains greatly dependent on UNHCR financial support and has not yet developed\na strategic vision beyond its roles and responsibilities enshrined in Decree No 2011-118. Moreover, frequent\nstaff turnover in the CONAREF Permanent Secretariat poses consistency challenges with regard to the\nimplementation of refugee policies in Burkina Faso.\n\n\nCONAREF has established refugee community governance structures in refugee camps and in\nOuagadougou with the aim of obtaining refugee input and feedback on decisions taken by the Government.\nIn the camps, such structures include the Refugee Steering Committees, the Women, Youth and Elders\nCommittees, Refugee/Host Leaders\u2019 Committees, community safety groups, parent and teacher\nassociations (PTAs), persons with disabilities and committees on shelter, health, and food. Women have\nrepresentatives in almost all committees but were reported not to be participating effectively in the\ncommittees\u2019 activities during the 2019 UNHCR age, gender and diversity Participatory Assessment. In\nOuagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, there are Refugee Community Representatives for urban refugees.\nFurthermore, with UNHCR assistance, CONAREF is working to set up a Help Line to provide information\non asylum procedures and to serve as a channel through which refugees can submit grievances relating\nto sexual exploitation and abuse, fraud and corruption.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR age, gender and diversity Participatory Assessment", - "confidence": 0.932506263256073, - "start": 674, - "end": 682 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9522755742073059, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9950207471847534, - "start": 673, - "end": 674 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9459942579269409, - "start": 673, - "end": 674 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6043156385421753, - "start": 727, - "end": 728 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nRefugees have not been included in the 2019 national population census in Burkina Faso. Their access to\ncivil status services is facilitated by CONAREF. Refugees have access to the national education system\nand are included in the Ministry of Education\u2019s education management information system. Refugees\nhave so far not been included in the country\u2019s national and regional five-year planning processes.\nMoreover, due to the prevailing insecurity, the [National Development Plan, alongside other initiatives such](http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/pndes_2016-2020-4.pdf)\nas the Territorial Development and Resilience Project (PADEL) and the Livestock Sector Development\nSupport Project, have had minimal impact on refugees or refugee-hosting communities in the north of the\ncountry.\n\n\n[However, at the Regional dialogue on protection and solutions to forced displacement in the Sahel](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71598) and\n[during the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019, Burkina Faso made pledges to include refugees in](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\nnational programmes.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law provides that all recognized refugees and asylum-seekers should be\nissued with an \u201cidentity paper\u201d and a travel document. In 2014, the Government signed an agreement with\nUNHCR on refugee ID cards issued by the Ministry of Security\u2019s National Identification Office (ONI).\nRefugee ID cards have a two-year validity and grant the holder the right to reside in Burkina Faso for that\nperiod. The ID cards are renewable through individual requests to submit to the CONAREF. In refugeehosting areas, law enforcement authorities recognize refugee ID cards. All refugees of 15 years of age or\nolder also receive an individual refugee attestation that is recognized by financial institutions, although\nthere is still a need for more awareness-raising. Registered refugees have systematic access to identity\ndocuments except for a few cases in which security challenges make it hard to reach some out-of-camp\nrefugees.\n\n\nSince January 2019, refugees in Burkina Faso have been able to obtain a Machine-Readable Convention\nTravel Document (MRCTD) to facilitate their movements outside the country. However, this has a validity\nof only one year and remains costly for refugees.\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law and its implementing decrees provide that refugees are required to\nregister vital events that occur in the host country and receive appropriate certification. CONAREF is\nmandated to liaise with civil registration services to provide refugees with relevant documents including\nbirth, marriage, divorce and death certificates. National policy requires a birth to be registered within two\nmonths in order for a birth certificate to be issued.\n\n\nCivil registration for refugees is generally implemented effectively; however, infrastructure and resource\nlimitations, insecurity and the nomadic character of the refugee population in the Sahel region limit the\nscope of coverage. In a bid to reduce the risk of statelessness among refugee children, UNHCR supports\nthe Government in the Sahel region to issue birth certificates to newborn refugee children and to organize\n[mobile courts to ensure that substitute birth certificates are issued where necessary as part of the i-civil](https://icivil.org/en/home/)\n[initiative.](https://icivil.org/en/home/) This initiative could address most challenges associated with the issuance of birth certificates if\nit was effective countrywide, including in refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nWidespread insecurity is a challenging in Burkina Faso, especially in refugee-hosting areas. Recurrent\nacts of violence and banditry are having a negative impact on the protection and socioeconomic\nenvironment not only for refugees but also for internally displaced persons and host communities. Attacks\nby various entities are displacing in- and out-of-camp refugees as well as their hosts, leading both to seek\nsafety in potentially precarious situations in camps or in urban areas.\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law accords refugees the same right as nationals regarding access to justice,\nincluding access to legal counselling and assistance as per Burkina Faso legislation. Moreover, the Ministry\nof Justice [sectoral Justice and Human Rights Policy 2018\u20132027 refers directly to access to justice for](http://www.justice.gov.bf/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Politique-sectorielle-justice-et-droits-humains-version-d%C3%A9finitive.pdf)\nnationals as well as refugees and foreigners.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 national population census", - "confidence": 0.6971620917320251, - "start": 13, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.9841185808181763, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9879195690155029, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9660030007362366, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9778373837471008, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIn practice, although mobile courts are operational in some refugee-hosting areas in the Sahel region,\naccess to justice is limited for both refugees and host communities as a result of capacity and resource\nconstraints and physical distance from the institutions providing legal aid, formal justice and law\nenforcement.\n\n\nVarious policies are in place to prevent and address gender-based violence (GBV). These include the\n[Burkina Faso Constitution, the](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/constitution-du-burkina-faso2.pdf) [2019 Criminal Code, the Ministry of Justice, Human Rights and Civic](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/code-pc3a9nal-nouveau.pdf)\n[Promotion (MJHRCP) sectoral Justice and Human Rights Policy 2018\u20132027](http://www.justice.gov.bf/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Politique-sectorielle-justice-et-droits-humains-version-d%C3%A9finitive.pdf) [and the Agrarian and Land](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/loi-n-034-2012-portant-raf.pdf)\n[Tenure Reorganization Law, which for the first time recognizes women\u2019 rights to land. With sexual and](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/loi-n-034-2012-portant-raf.pdf)\ngender-based violence rising due to the insecurity in Burkina Faso, the Government is reportedly in the\nprocess of developing a sector-wide national GBV strategy in addition to its National Gender Strategy and\nan already functioning GBV case management system. This national strategy and the case management\nsystem are applicable to refugee-hosting areas and do not exclude refugees.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and the Government have developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) for SGBV\nprevention and response both in the camps and in urban areas hosting refugees. These establish roles\nand responsibilities as well as the measures to be taken when SGBV incidents occur. UNHCR and\nCONAREF collaborate with the Regional Directorates of Social Affairs and with humanitarian actors to\nensure protection for SGBV survivors and to ensure that they receive legal, medical, psychosocial and\neconomic support.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nBurkina Faso Refugee Law allows refugees to move freely within the country and choose their place of\nresidence without any restrictions. However, since 31 December 2018, six regions in Burkina Faso, some\nof which are refugee-hosting areas, have been in a state of emergency declared by presidential decree\non the grounds of security (Decree No 2018-1200/PRES of 31 December 2018) and a [law is allowing for its](https://www.assembleenationale.bf/IMG/pdf/loi_045_portant_prorogation_de_l_etat_d_urgence.pdf)\n[extension. The State of Emergency Declaration restricts and sets conditions on certain individual rights](https://www.assembleenationale.bf/IMG/pdf/loi_045_portant_prorogation_de_l_etat_d_urgence.pdf)\nand freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of Burkina Faso and by the Burkina Faso Refugee Law.\n\n\n[The Decree implementing the Burkina Faso Refugee Law states that refugees must carry their identity](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/90590/104520/F-1866962963/BFA-90590.pdf)\ndocuments at all times, and in practice they are asked to do this due to frequent identity checks.\nFurthermore, camp-based refugees need to hold a movement card (fiche de mouvement) provided by\nCONAREF for any movement outside of the camps.\n\n\nRefugees in Burkina Faso can choose freely and without restriction whether to live in camps or outside\ncamp settings in urban or rural areas. However, this choice will affect their entitlement to humanitarian\nassistance. Some restrictions have also been noted since 2019 due to prevailing insecurity in the Sahel\nregion. Indeed, the authorities in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso issued an [Administrative Note](https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article94114) from the\nSahel Governor in December 2019 forbidding movements of Malian refugees from Mentao camp to\nGoudoubo camp where they had been hoping to find greater safety and security. Moreover, UNHCR\nobserves the authorities\u2019 reluctance to relocate refugees from the Sahel region to urban areas\n(Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso). These are some indications that refugee freedom of movement\ncould be eroded as a result of the dire security situation in the north of the country and suspicions on the\npart of the authorities that some Malian refugees may be cooperating with armed groups. These restrictions\non Malian refugees\u2019 freedom of movement in the Sahel region are justified by the authorities on security\ngrounds but may represent a broader change in practice.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law provides refugees with the right to work and implicitly with rights at work,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\non the same terms as nationals and without the need for work permits. Moreover, Burkina Faso pledged\n[greater inclusion of refugees in national programmes at the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019.](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIn practice, Burkina Faso nationals are preferred over equally qualified refugees in urban areas.\nConsequently, most refugees work in the informal sector. Furthermore, the areas hosting the majority of\nthe refugees have limited natural resources, experience recurrent droughts and are isolated from\npopulation centres, meaning that employment opportunities are scarce and violence, banditry and\nintensive military operations impact upon the overall socioeconomic environment for all refugees,\ninternally displaced persons and their host communities. These conditions combine to jeopardize efforts\nto support refugees\u2019 self-reliance and their inclusion in local and national development plans. The\nProductive Labour-Intensive Public Works (LIPW) Programme ($7.5 million) targets refugees and host\ncommunities in the Sahel region. Beneficiaries receive employment opportunities while rehabilitating and\nmaintaining infrastructure in both rural and urban settings and creating economic activity generating\nadditional jobs and income opportunities.\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html) does not specifically state that refugees enjoy the right to open and\n[register businesses in their own names, nor do the requirements for opening a business in Burkina Faso](http://www.burkinapmepmi.com/IMG/pdf/CEFORE_Liste_des_pieces_PERSONNE_PHYSIQUE-2.pdf)\nmake any mention of the refugee identity card. This can jeopardize refugees\u2019 ability to formally open\nbusinesses. In practice, refugees have been able to open small businesses such as small shops without\nfulfilling these legal requirements.\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law and its implementing decree provide refugees with the same worker](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nprotections as nationals, in line with applicable national laws. Burkina Faso has a National Strategy for the\nElimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour 2019\u20132023, which includes refugee children. Refugees are\nentitled to receive social security benefits, join trade unions and access maternity leave on the same terms\nas nationals. Article 187 of the 2008 [Labour Law set a minimum wage policy that applies equally to](http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/burkina/Burkina-Code-travail-2008.pdf)\nrefugees. In practice, traditional master-servant relationships have been noted among some refugee\npopulations, which meet the International Labour Organization definition of \u2018forced labour\u2019 in the sense\n[that wages are commonly withheld. While the practice is illegal under the Burkina Faso Constitution](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/constitution-du-burkina-faso2.pdf) and\nother instruments, and has become very rare in Burkina Faso, it still exists among certain refugee groups.\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law affords refugees the right to practise their professions on the same terms](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nas nationals upon authentication of their academic credentials by competent authorities. In practice, there\nare very few cases of refugees working as university professors or schoolteachers.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[The Burkina Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html) [and the Agrarian and Land Reorganization Law](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/loi-n-034-2012-portant-raf.pdf) allow refugees to acquire\nland legally. The right to property is stated among the rights to which refugees are entitled on the same\nterms as nationals. Land is commonly a source of dispute and remains a highly sensitive issue in rural\nareas of Burkina Faso. According to a report published in 2015 by the Ministry of Justice, Human Rights\nand Civic Promotion entitled Rapport d\u2019\u00e9tude sur l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux des conflits communautaires au Burkina\nFaso (Study report on the situation regarding community conflicts in Burkina Faso), 76 per cent of\nintercommunal conflicts identified from 2012 to 2014 were land disputes, and refugee-hosting areas were\namong the top five affected regions.\n\n\nScarcity of arable land remains a major challenge in most refugee-hosting areas and refugees often get\nplots of land to rent for cultivation for a whole one-year season from mostly traditional authorities rather\nthan land to purchase. UNHCR also observed that some refugees bought parcels of land for housing from\nlandowners in the Sahel region.\n\n\nThere is no specific law or policy that regulates refugee access to social/public housing schemes; however,\nBurkina Faso is developing a [National Policy on Housing and Urban Development aimed at bringing](https://urbanlex.unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/bu_nup_politique_nationale_de_lhabitat_et_du_developpement_urbain_2008.pdf)\ntogether all of the necessary conditions for sustainable urban development. The plan is coordinated by\nthe Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. So far, UNHCR is not aware of urban refugees accessing\npublic/social housing schemes.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe [Burkina Faso Refugee Law grants refugees the right to open bank accounts and access financial](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\nservices and mobile money in the same manner as the country\u2019s nationals. Based on the Refugee Law and\nits implementing decree, refugee ID cards constitute proof of official identity like the Burkina national ID\ncards (CNIB) and may be used to open a bank account, register a SIM card or use mobile money services.\nIn practice, refugees have access to and frequently use mobile money services and phone banking on a\npar with nationals. No complaints have been received from refugees regarding accessibility or obstacles\nto these services.\n\n\n[Burkina Faso is a member state of the Higher Education Council for Africa and Madagascar (CAMES).](http://www.lecames.org/documents-pred-du-cames/)\nWithin this framework, refugees in Burkina Faso may individually request recognition and equivalence of\ntheir university diplomas, which consequently facilitates their access to employment and education in\nBurkina Faso. Refugees in Burkina Faso mostly come from CAMES member states. In practice, there are\nno reported cases of refugees facing challenges while looking for diploma recognition and equivalence in\nBurkina Faso. There is no such policy regarding certificates obtained following vocational training.\n\n\n[Burkina Faso is a state party to the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Trafc and the Vienna Convention](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1952/03/19520326%2003-36%20PM/Ch_XI_B_1_2_3.pdf)\n[on Road Trafc](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1977/05/19770524%2000-13%20AM/Ch_XI_B_19.pdf) and belongs to the Economic Community of West African States \u2013 ECOWAS (CEDEAO) and\n[the West African Economic and Monetary Union \u2013 WAEMU (UEMOA). According to the Driving Licence](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/loi_005_portant_fixation_des_regles_permis_de_conduire-2.pdf)\n[Law](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/loi_005_portant_fixation_des_regles_permis_de_conduire-2.pdf) in Burkina Faso, foreigners holding driving licences issued by states parties to these communities can\nobtain the equivalent Burkinab\u00e8 driving licence or use their own driving licences directly, subject to\nauthentication by the transport services. Foreigners holding driving licences in languages other than\nFrench will be given a non-renewable six-month driving authorization if translated in French by the relevant\nentity at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and subject to authentication by the transport services. Although\nthese laws and policies do not refer directly to refugees, they apply to them in conjunction with the [Burkina](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html)\n[Faso Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e15b1982.html) and its implementing decrees. In practice, refugees have access to driving licences on\nthe same terms as nationals. There are no reported cases of refugees facing challenges when seeking to\nconvert driving licenses issued in their countries of origin.\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law grants refugees access to national skills development opportunities within\n[the available resources and subject to Burkina Faso education policy. There is a National Technical and](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/burkina_faso_pn-eftp.pdf)\n[Vocational Education and Training Policy in Burkina Faso that may apply to refugees and refugee-hosting](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/burkina_faso_pn-eftp.pdf)\nareas in conjunction with the Burkina Faso Refugee Law. However in practice, refugees mostly access\nskills development initiatives provided by UNHCR and humanitarian NGOs, although these may not have\nthe desired scale and scope to be considered viable sub-sectors within the refugee-hosting areas.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law grants refugees the right to education on a par with nationals, including\nfree basic education and access to university and its services. The Ministry of Education and Promotion of\nLocal Languages developed the [Basic Education Strategic Development Plan 2012\u20132021](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/burkina_faso_pdseb.pdf) (PDSED) and the\n[Education and Vocational Training Sectoral Plan 2017\u20132030. The PDSEB has five main pillars including](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/2020-11-burkina_faso._espoc1_psef_2017-2030_revu_vdef.pdf)\nfree public basic education and decentralization of the education system. One of the main principles of the\nPDSEB is equal access for boys and girls.\n\n\nIn practice, these policies have (as at 31 December 2019) made possible the construction and operation of\neight primary schools in the two refugee camps and one post-secondary technical school in Goudoubo\ncamp, accredited and managed by the Regional Directorate for Education for the benefit of both refugee\nand host communities.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nRefugee children and youth have access to the national education system and there are no reports of\ndiscrimination against refugees regarding access conditions. Refugee children in the Sahel region were\nalso included in the [National Strategy for School Enrolment in Highly Insecure Areas (SSEZDS) 2019\u20132024](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/strategie-de-scolarisation-des-eleves-des-zones-a-forts-defis-securitaires-version-finale.pdf)\ndeveloped by the Ministry of Education to reduce the impact of the prevailing insecurity on school\nenrolment. However, the magnitude of forced displacement has reshaped school mapping and a longterm plan may be needed.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees\u2019 enrolment in secondary and postgraduate education is very limited due to the lack\nof sufficient infrastructure in refugee-hosting areas. Access to education for refugees also remains limited\nby sociocultural barriers (many refugee households are nomadic) and by the fact that many schools have\nbeen destroyed or closed due to insecurity in refugee-hosting areas. In urban settings, UNHCR supports\nsecondary school enrolments by paying for tuition and school materials for the most vulnerable households.\n\n\nThe Burkina Faso Refugee Law grants refugees access to education, including specialized education\nservices, according to the [Basic Education Strategic Development Plan 2012\u20132021 and the](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/burkina_faso_pdseb.pdf) [Education and](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/2020-11-burkina_faso._espoc1_psef_2017-2030_revu_vdef.pdf)\n[Vocational Training Sectoral Plan 2017\u20132030, which detail the Government\u2019s plan regarding basic](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/2020-11-burkina_faso._espoc1_psef_2017-2030_revu_vdef.pdf)\neducation, language training, accelerated education, remedial learning programmes and catching-up\nprogrammes. These programmes are implemented in refugee-hosting areas for the benefit of both\nrefugees and host communities; however, their coverage is limited in both communities due to insecurity\nand a lack of sufficient resources to meet all needs.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nThe Government of Burkina Faso has developed a [National Public Health Law](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/loi-nc2b023-94-adp-portant-code-de-la-sante-publique.pdf) setting out rights and\n[obligations regarding the protection and promotion of public health in Burkina Faso, as well as the 2013\u2013](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_National%20Social%20Protection%20Policy%20%28Politique%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%29%202013-2022_2012.pdf)\n[2022 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP), which provides for the extension of social insurance coverage](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_National%20Social%20Protection%20Policy%20%28Politique%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%29%202013-2022_2012.pdf)\nto informal/agricultural sectors. These policies on health and social insurance, although not directed at\nrefugees, apply to them in conjunction with the Refugee Law, which grants refugees with the right to public\nassistance and access to the national primary health-care system on the same terms as nationals. This\nincludes access to available national sexual and reproductive services for refugee women and girls.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees have access to some national health programmes, free of charge. All refugee children\nin need are targeted by the Expanded Immunization Programme as well as by initiatives to prevent and\ntreat malnutrition. Refugees are also included in the Government-funded HIV, TB and Malaria programme.\nHowever, in most cases, primary health care is not effectively free for refugees or for host communities.\nConsequently, first-level health centres (Centre de Sant\u00e9 et de Promotion Sociale \u2013 CSPS) funded by\nUNHCR have been established and are operational in the two refugee camps. Management of these\ncentres was to be handed over to the Ministry of Health by June 2020; however, due to insecurity, all firstlevel health centres were closed by that date. There is a referral system to secondary and tertiary health\ncare that is paid for by UNHCR and its partners.\n\n\nThe universal health insurance scheme adopted in 2015 is in the operationalization phase following\nestablishment of the National Universal Health Insurance Fund (CNAMU) in 2018 and the National\nOrientation Council for the Universal Health Insurance Scheme (CNO-RAMU) in 2020, which is chaired by\nthe Prime Minister. CNAMU is currently deploying a non-contributory mechanism to cover indigent\nindividuals and has developed a plan to operationalize health insurance for households in the formal and\ninformal sectors. In conjunction with the Refugee Law, this policy may apply to refugees if operationalized\n[in refugee-hosting areas. It should be noted that only 25 per cent of the population in Burkina Faso has](https://www.usp2030.org/gimi/ShowCountryProfile.action;jsessionid=nwhlXQ36gY3V75cGbuiYQbxPEVTujJq5DooEtCGC-Tz9cENGjYq4!2015759462?lang=FR&iso=BF)\n[health insurance.](https://www.usp2030.org/gimi/ShowCountryProfile.action;jsessionid=nwhlXQ36gY3V75cGbuiYQbxPEVTujJq5DooEtCGC-Tz9cENGjYq4!2015759462?lang=FR&iso=BF)\n\n\nIn practice, only refugees in urban areas can enrol in private health insurance companies, but UNHCR\nsubsidies are still required so that they only pay 30 per cent of the medical charges they incur. UNHCR\ncontinues to cover the costs of most refugees\u2019 health care, mainly due to the precarious nature of refugee\nemployment, which is mostly in the informal sector.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nBurkina Faso Refugee Law grants refugees the right to public assistance on a par with nationals and this\nincludes social protection. The [2013\u20132022 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP)](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_National%20Social%20Protection%20Policy%20%28Politique%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%29%202013-2022_2012.pdf) adopted in 2012\ndescribes two social protection components in Burkina Faso, namely social insurance and social safety\nnets. The NSPP aims to address social protection gaps that increase social inequalities, as well as the\ndeteriorating social and political climate. The policy\u2019s target criteria are poverty, food insecurity and\nvulnerability. In conjunction with the Burkina Faso Refugee Law, this policy also applies to the most\nvulnerable refugees.\n\n\nImplementation of this policy by the Government of Burkina Faso is bolstered by the Social Safety Nets\nProject (SSN), which comprises cash transfers, cash for work and awareness programmes for poor\nhouseholds. It started with cash transfers in the Nord region in September 2015 and was extended to the\nSahel region from 2018 onwards. The additional financing received from the World Bank in 2019 is intended\nto extend cash transfers and accompanying measures currently available in the Est, Centre Est, Centre\nOuest and Nord Regions to the Sahel, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Nord and Boucle de Mouhoun regions.\nThese regions have been identified in line with the Government\u2019s PADEL and include regions hosting\nsubstantial refugee populations. However, the geographical extension of this additional financing to\nrefugee-hosting areas has been delayed due to the IDP crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\nIn practice, although refugees have the same rights as nationals to access public assistance including\nsocial protection, the deteriorating security situation has had a negative impact on their self-reliance and\naccess to social safety net programmes.\n\n\nThere is no overarching framework in place for dialogue between the government and international\npartners regarding the gradual alignment of aid and social protection systems and support for refugees\nand host community members with specific needs, in terms of coverage, targeting and levels of benefits.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nBurkina Faso developed the [Burkina Faso Law on Human Trafcking and Similar Practices](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/79122/84952/F1942473436/BFA-79122.pdf) with an\nimplementing decree describing mechanisms in place to fight human trafficking. The country also has a\n[National Gender Policy](http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/burkina%20faso/bfaso_gender_2009_fr.pdf) adopted in 2009 with renewed triennial action plans. Law No 061-2015/2015/CNT\nof 6 September 2015 addresses the prevention, repression and compensation of violence against women\nand girls and care and support for victims; it also prohibits all forms of violence against women and girls,\nbut does not specifically target domestic violence. The [2019 Criminal Code](https://lavoixdujuristebf.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/code-pc3a9nal-nouveau.pdf) incorporated a chapter\ndedicated to offences against women and girls, which covers the full spectrum of GBV incidents including\nviolations of sexual and reproductive health rights and restriction of the enjoyment of these rights,\nincluding through denial of the use of contraceptive methods. It also covers domestic violence. The new\nCode provides for sanctions for certain types of violence that were not previously punished or adequately\naddressed, such as sexual exploitation of a student by an educational actor, genital mutilation and child\nmarriage. However, there are no specific assistance or protection mechanisms in place for LGBTI persons\nor male survivors.\n\n\nMFSNFAH oversees prevention and response activities targeting gender-based violence. Its decentralized\nsocial action services have a case management system accessible to all, including refugees in conjunction\nwith the Burkina Faso Refugee law. A recent increase in gender-based violence in Burkina Faso amidst\nprevailing insecurity and forced displacement resulted in the development of an Action Plan for the\nIntegrated Management of Victims of Gender-Based Violence 2019\u20132021 by MFSNFAH. A national GBV\ndatabase, data collection protocols and protocols for integrated care for survivors (social, legal and health\nassistance) are currently under development for the benefit of social, judicial and health actors provided\nfor in the Action Plan. There are also advanced discussion for, MFSNFAH, in collaboration with UNFPA,\nUNHCR and IOM, to launch a hotline to facilitate the reporting of cases and access to information on the\nservices available to survivors.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nImplementation of these policies in practice is generally weak or limited due to the financial and technical\nresources available and has so far not effectively taken into account the specific protection needs of\nrefugees. Protection, prevention and response activities in respect of GBV incidents facing refugees are\ncoordinated through UNHCR and humanitarian partners.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThe Burkinab\u00e8 government has demonstrated commitments in favour of gender equality in developing\nseveral plans, programmes and strategies to promote women\u2019s rights. The National Plan for Economic and\nSocial Development (PNDES 2016\u20132020) notably integrates gender as a determining factor in reducing\ninequalities.\n\n\nHowever, gender considerations can generally be improved in all policy sub-dimensions. The four priority\nareas that are most consequential in terms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Social cohesion**, focusing on the meaningful participation of women in institutional and communitybased leadership structures that goes beyond their formal inclusion.\n\n\nii. **Justice and security**, focusing on gender-based violence especially, domestic violence, female genital\nmutilation.\n\n\niii. **Education and vocational training**, to address the drastic drop in girls\u2019 attendance in secondary and\npostgraduate education and to empower women, especially those heading households; and iv) health\ncare, to improve sexual and reproductive health services.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984] \u2022 [Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1962]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(Ratification date: 18 Jun 1980)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No 129)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2006] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003] \u2022 [UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960]\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R K I N A F A S O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f15b5c4c-143c-3355-854a-1e89e41662ea/BurkinaFaso%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_27/raw/doc_27_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_27/raw/doc_27_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 509acbe6c84ff0fdfb00b2cc0ab2353be34d693c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_27/raw/doc_27_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Thematic Report: The Impact of Armed Violence on Civilian Dwellings in Yemen\n\nJuly 2020\n\n\nAs hostilities persist across Yemen, the civilian population continues to be impacted by armed violence. This report\npresents and analyses trends regarding the impact on civilians when armed violence impacts their houses, as civilian\nresidential areas continue to come under fire across the country, particularly from airstrikes and shelling. The report also\nexplores the specific vulnerabilities of women, children and IDP sites, covering trends and case studies from 1 January\n2018 to 30 June 2020.\n\nThe continued impact of armed violence on civilian houses in Yemen\n\nDuring the first half of 2020, 547 incidents of armed violence directly impacted a cumulative total of 2,490 civilian\nhouses. Despite the ongoing ceasefire in Hudaydah, efforts to sustain partial ceasefires in both the north and south of\nthe country, and the UN Secretary General's appeal for a country-wide ceasefire in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this\nis just 2% fewer than during the previous six months: from July to December 2019, 2,530 civilian houses were impacted\nby armed violence in Yemen. An average of 92 incidents have impacted directly on civilian houses on a monthly basis in\n2020, down 13% from 106 in 2019. However, since November 2019, the number of incidents of armed violence\nimpacting on civilian houses has been gradually increasing.\n\n\nIncidents of armed violence impacting on civilian houses and number of houses impacted\n\n\n**Number of incidents** **Number of houses**\n\n\n\nCivilian houses have predominantly been impacted on frontlines in the north\n\n\n\n\n\n86% of civilian houses directly impacted by armed\nviolence during the first half of 2020 have been\n\nand Ma'rib.\n\ncoming under missile fire.\n\n\n\nHeatmap showing distribution of civilian houses\n\nimpacted by armed violence in 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d1fd1a3-830e-34d6-a88b-334e9ca77e24/20200715_CIMP%20Thematic_03_Dwellings.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A quarter of civilian casualties as a result of armed violence occur at home\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 in 4 civilian casualties occurred at home during the\nfirst six months of 2020. Throughout 2018 and 2019, 1\nin 3 civilian casualties occurred at home. However, this\nproportion is not uniform across Yemen. In Ma'rib, half\nof the 47 civilian casualties reported so far in 2020\nhave occurred at home, as dynamic and swiftly shifting\nfrontlines have left civilians with little opportunity to flee\nin advance of escalations of armed violence. In\nHudaydah, a third of civilian casualties have occurred\nat home this year, as fighting persists, including in\ndensely populated urban areas. To date, Hudaydah\nhas seen the most (76) civilian casualties as a result of\nincidents impacting civilian houses this year.\n\n\n\n**P r o t e c t i o n I m p l i c a t i o n s**\nIncidents impacting on the home bear a host of implications for civilians. First and foremost, death and serious injury to\ncivilians is a major risk. Moreover, as houses sustain damages, civilians may be forced to flee, sacrificing property,\nassets, stability, community and livelihood in exchange for safety and shelter, while also putting additional strain on the\nresources of IDP hosting sites. Furthermore, the involuntary exposure of civilians to armed violence in domestic\nspaces is likely to result in acute and lasting cross-generational psychosocial trauma, especially among children.\n\n\nThe proportion of women and children among casualties in houses in increasing\n\n\n\nSince 2018, more than half of the civilian\ncasualties due to armed violence\nimpacting civilian homes have been\nwomen and children. Of a total of 2,847\ncivilians to have been harmed by armed\nviolence in domestic spaces from 1\nJanuary 2018 to 30 June 2020, 1,540\n(54%) were women and children. This\nproportion is steadily increasing. In 2018,\n53% of casualties at home were women\nand children. In 2019, this increased to\n55%, and during the first half of 2020,\nrose again to 57%.\n\n\n\nProportion of women and children among casualties in houses\n\n\n**Women and children casualties** **Unspecified casualties**\n\n\n\n**P r o t e c t i o n I m p l i c a t i o n s**\nWhen compared to unspecified casualties, women and children are proportionately more vulnerable when armed\nviolence impacts the home. Culturally, women and children in Yemen spend more time in domestic spaces than men,\nand the imbalance is exacerbated as the conflict is resulting in higher numbers of women and child-headed households.\n\nAirstrikes are the deadliest type of armed violence to impact civilian homes\n\n\n\nTypes of armed violence impacting civilian\nhouses since 1 January 2018, and resultant\n\ncivilian casualties\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nShelling and airstrikes have had a particularly heavy impact,\ncausing 96% of all incidents impacting on civilian houses since\nthe start of 2018. Although more than twice as many incidents\nwere attributed to shelling, airstrikes have had a deadlier impact,\nresulting in 25% more fatalities than shellfire. Since the start of\n2018, 635 civilians have been killed by airstrikes hitting civilian\nhouses. By comparison, 507 civilians have been killed by shellfire\nhitting homes.\n\nWomen and children in the home are particularly vulnerable to\nairstrikes. Since the start of 2018, 59% of civilian casualties\ncaused by airstrikes hitting civilian homes have been women and\nchildren. By comparison, away from the home, women and\nchildren have comprised a quarter (25%) of the civilian casualties\ncaused by airstrikes. Of six incidents to have resulted in mass\n(>15) casualties among women and children at home, all were\ncaused by airstrikes.\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n\n*** Includes SA/LW, landmines, IEDs and UXO incidents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d1fd1a3-830e-34d6-a88b-334e9ca77e24/20200715_CIMP%20Thematic_03_Dwellings.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Risk factors contributing to vulnerability of IDP sites to armed violence **CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPACT FROM REMNANT ORDNANCE AND OTHER TYPES OF ARMED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\nThe number of incidents of armed violence reported\nto have impacted IDP sites doubled from four in\n2018 to eight in 2019. The number of civilian\ncasualties also doubled, from 41 to 85. This trend is\ncontinuing in 2020; during the first six months of the\nyear, two incidents of armed violence have already\ndirectly impacted IDP sites; although no casualties\nhave yet been reported, these incidents result in\nsignificant displacement (see below).\n\nOf the 14 incidents of armed violence impacting IDP\nsites from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2020, 10 were\ncaused by shelling, cumulatively resulting in 68\ncivilian casualties, of whom 11 were killed. However,\ndespite accounting for just two of the incidents,\nairstrikes have had a deadlier impact, causing 23\ncivilian fatalities on the sites they struck, more than\ndouble the fatalities from shelling. The two incidents\nin total caused 53 civilian casualties, almost as many\nas from the 10 shelling incidents.\n\nA number of risk factors are likely to heighten the risk\nof exposure of IDP sites to armed violence, including\nproximity to active frontlines and sites of strategic or\nsymbolic significance, such as:\n\n\n\ue0b5\n\nMilitary sites and security infrastructure\n\n\n\ue0b5\n\nContested routes and junction points\n\n\n\ue0b5\n\nMain supply routes\n\n\n\ue0b5\n\nCritical economic or cultural infrastructure\n\n\n\ue0b5\n\nNatural or human-made territorial demarcations\n\nDue to the dynamic nature of the conflict, escalations\ncan be swift and unpredictable, and any such areas\nmay witness direct or remote targeting, or may\nbecome subsumed by hostilities on the ground.\n\n\n\n**Case Study: Al-Khaniq Camp**\nAl-Khaniq camp in Marib is a key example of the risk posed\nby proximity to active and dynamic frontlines. The site has\nbeen impacted by armed violence twice since the start of\n2018. As hostilities escalated and the frontlines shifted earlier\nthis year, artillery shelling hit the site on 26 January. Although\nno casualties were reported, around 1,550 families were\nforced to relocate to Medghal district or Marib city.\n\n\n**P r o t e c t i o n I m p l i c a t i o n s**\nIncidents of armed violence impacting IDP sites present a\nserious risk of death and injury to inhabitants. Furthermore,\nthey likely compound civilians' experiences of psychosocial\ntrauma, due to the repeated exposure to conflict and\nsubsequent destabilisation. Such incidents may also result in\npremature returns, or secondary, or even tertiary, displacement,\nwhich in turn places additional strain on recipient sites. When\none site is impacted, other sites in the vicinity may see sudden\ninfluxes, placing pressure on resources that are already likely\nstretched. Having already faced severe disruption to their lives\nand livelihoods, any additional displacement further undermines\nIDPs' resilience and exposes them to further protection risks.\n\n\n\nCivilian casualties and the vulnerability of women and children on IDP sites\n\n\n\n\n\nSince the start of 2018, incidents of armed violence impacting IDP\nsites have resulted in 126 civilian casualties, of whom over a quarter\n(27%) were fatalities. Women and children comprised more than half\nof the total civilian casualty toll on IDP sites (72 persons, 57%).\n\nWomen and children on IDP sites have also suffered a\ncomparatively higher mortality rate: since the start of 2018, over\nthree quarters of the 34 civilian fatalities caused by incidents\nimpacting IDP sites have been women and children. 1 in 3 (14 of 44)\nchild casualties caused by incidents of armed violence on IDP sites\nwere fatalities, and a 43% (12 of 28) mortality rate was seen for\nwomen. By comparison, just 8 (15%) of the 54 gender-unspecified\ncasualties were fatalities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Injuries** **Fatalities**\n\n\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project is a service under the Protection Cluster for the collection, analysis and\ndissemination of open source data on the civilian impact from armed violence in Yemen, to inform and complement\nprotection programming.\n\nFor more information, please visit www.civilianimpactmonitoring.org.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d1fd1a3-830e-34d6-a88b-334e9ca77e24/20200715_CIMP%20Thematic_03_Dwellings.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_270/raw/doc_270_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_270/raw/doc_270_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 939e4ab3890b336169255b074896cc53a5359353..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_270/raw/doc_270_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||**8**|\n||||||**8**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nBetween July 2017 and June 2020, there were limited changes in national policies relating to refugees\nand host communities in Burundi. Some of the main policy changes affecting to both refugees and host\ncommunities include:\n## \u2022 [The adoption of the 2018 Constitution, which among other things provides for property rights and ]\n\naccess to health care for everyone and the protection of the fundamental rights of all children.\n## \u2022 [The launch of a five-year birth registration campaign in June 2018 which also includes refugee children.] \u2022 [The update of the national Child Protection Policy (2020\u20132024) articulated around five strategic ]\n\norientations, including preventing and responding to violence, exploitation, discrimination, abuse and\nneglect.\n## \u2022 [The adoption of the Law on Social Protection Code, in May 2020, which applies to all persons in ]\n\nBurundi and provides for a pensions regime to cover old age and disability risks.\n## \u2022 [The drafting of a 2018 contingency plan, which was updated in April 2020, to respond to mass inflows ]\n\nof refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.\n\n\nSome deterioration was observed in the application of existing policies, notably those relating to freedom\nof movement, as a result of the preventive measures taken by the Government against the Ebola disease\nand then the COVID pandemic as well as other security measures. This t negatively impacted the\nsocioeconomic situation of refugees in Burundi. Since 2019, it has indeed become increasingly difficult for\ncamp-based refugees to obtain exit permits for moving freely outside the camps. In addition, the\nGovernment temporarily closed its borders in March 2020, preventing the arrival of asylum seekers\nthrough official border checkpoints. In addition, in parallel, the Government directed the National Office\nfor the Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees (Office National de Protection des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\nApatrides \u2013 ONPRA) to temporarily suspend registration and the refugee status determination (RSD) for\nnew asylum seekers and to clear the backlog of existing RSD and appeal cases. The restrictions have also\nhad a negative impact on camp-based refugees\u2019 livelihoods, especially those with small businesses or\n(casual) labour engagements outside the camps.\n\n\nThe government\u2019s political will to further refugee inclusion in national services, promote the progressive\nself-reliance and economic integration of refugees, and improve the well-being of host communities is\nreflected by the 2018 Burundi Refugee and Host Community Support Strategy, which was developed in\nthe context of eligibility for the IDA18 Sub-Window for refugees and host communities (RSW). A High-Level\nInterministerial Committee, comprising the Office of the President, the Offices of the First and Second\nVice-Presidents and the Ministries of Finance, Interior and Social Affairs, was established to endorse\nstrategic approaches and priorities for development responses to forced displacement.\n\n\nIn late 2018, the National Assembly of Burundi endorsed accession to the 1954 [Convention Relating to the](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/protection/statelessness/3bbb25729/convention-relating-status-stateless-persons)\n[Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. While this was](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/protection/statelessness/3bbb25729/convention-relating-status-stateless-persons)\napproved by the lower chamber, it was yet to be discussed and approved by the high chamber, of the\nSenate as at 30 June 2020.\n\n\nBurundi was not among the invitees of the 2016 Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees. While it did endorse the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees, the country did not make any pledges during the first Global Refugee\nForum.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThe Government of Burundi committed to decentralization reform with the adoption of the 2009 National\nDecentralization Strategy. Although these processes and policies do not directly refer to refugees and\nhost communities, they apply in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both population groups. However,\nBurundi has not yet entered financial devolution. There are shortcomings in implementing the\ndecentralization and devolved planning processes due to lack of financial resources for sub-national\ngovernment institutions, which have limited implementation capacities. In April 2011, the Government of\n[Burundi adopted a National Policy on Social Protection](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/96353/137689/F159921121/BDI-96353.pdf) (NPSP), underscoring the importance of reducing\nwidespread poverty and vulnerability through the provision of social safety nets aiming to improve the\nlives of the most vulnerable. An interministerial coordination body, the National Social Protection\nCommission, was established in April 2013. A Secretariat (Secr\u00e9tariat Ex\u00e9cutif Permanent de la Commission\nNationale de Protection Sociale \u2013 SEP/CNPS) has been supporting the implementation of the NPSP since\n2014 and developed a [National Social Protection Strategy](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/110614/137626/F444053803/BDI-110614.pdf) that delineates the Government\u2019s priorities. The\nStrategy notes that social protection covers the entire population of Burundi without distinction, with a\nparticular focus on the poorest and most vulnerable.\n\n\nIn May 2020, the Government of Burundi passed a [Law on Social Protection Code](http://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Burundi-Loi-2020-12-code-protection-sociale.pdf) (Law 1/12), which defines\nthe legal framework for the provision of contributory and non-contributory social protection, describes\navailable contributory regimes for formal and informal workers and details the eligibility criteria for social\nassistance. The Law foresees that a social registry will be the main targeting instrument for social protection\nprogrammes. While giving priority to the neediest and most vulnerable population groups and emphasizing\ninclusion and poverty eradication objectives, neither the National Policy nor the National Strategy on\nSocial Protection nor the Social Protection Law make explicit reference to social safety nets or other social\nprogrammes targeting host communities.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nSince 2005, the country has embarked on a decentralization process in the hope of improving local\ngovernance and strengthening basic infrastructure and service delivery in rural communities. Increasing\nthe autonomy of the \u201cmunicipalities\u201d was seen as a way to maintain peace and improve social cohesion,\ngiven that rural communities were feeling discontented and economically and politically marginalized vis\u00e0-vis the power-centric urban centres.\n\n\nAlthough the national legal framework in Burundi does not specifically entail provisions on social cohesion\nor the identification, prevention and mitigation of potential social tensions and risks of violence in refugeehosting areas, there is generally a relatively positive interaction between refugees and host communities.\nThe main sources of tension between the two communities relate to competition over scarce natural\nresources (wood, fuel, groundwater and cultivable land) and the perception of rising market prices\nattributed to increased demand due to the presence of refugees. The Government\u2019s ban on wood collection\naround the camps has had a positive effect on community relations. The presence of refugees and the\nimplementation of related assistance projects have provided host communities with access to health care,\nwater and additional markets as well as job opportunities for Burundian nationals, which have positive\neffects on the relationship between both communities. The protracted exiles of some refugee communities,\nparticularly those from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, have resulted in increased cross-socialization\nand mixed marriages with host communities.\n\n\nNeither camp-based nor urban refugees are reported to be subject to systematic discrimination or\nostracism on the part of the host communities, which are generally observed to be very tolerant towards\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nforeign nationals and refugees alike. Isolated incidents involving refugees and members of the host\ncommunity do occur, but not at a significantly higher rate than incidents between host community\nmembers. Most such incidents are motivated by personal disputes rather than xenophobia or hostility\ntowards refugees.\n\n\nCitizen engagement is promoted under Burundian decentralization policies; however, this does not extend\nto non-citizens including refugees. The 2009 National Decentralization Strategy, which was updated in\n2019, positions citizens as active participants in decision-making processes regarding their own\ndevelopment, including by promoting the \u2018participation of all the populations in defining and implementing\neconomic and social development policies in their localities including at the lowest levels (hills/districts)\u2019.\nRefugees in the camps do have an active elected representation system (refugee committees) established\nby ONPRA in cooperation with UNHCR. This system is guided by the Electoral Guide for Refugee\nRepresentatives in the camps in Burundi developed by signed in May 2014 by ONPRA and UNHCR. There\nare also mixed committees composed of refugee representatives and host community representatives\nsuch as hill chiefs, zone chiefs, school directors, etc. These mixed committees are instrumental in facilitating\npeaceful coexistence between the two communities. ONPRA facilitates their establishment and the\nmunicipal authorities endorse their membership. Refugees and host populations have generally developed\nsolid relationships through their representatives, both in urban areas and in camps.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nPreserving and restoring the environment is one of the Government\u2019s strategic policy priorities, notably\n[through the Burundi Vision 2025, the Strategic Framework for Poverty Alleviation (PRSP II), the National](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/Bur190783.pdf)\n[Agricultural Strategy (SAN), the](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/Bur190783.pdf) [National Plan for Agriculture Investment](https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/test-bi/files/2019-10/plan-nat-inv-agri-bi.pdf) (PNIA), [the National Forest Policy,](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bur143696.pdf)\nthe National Policy on Combating Climate Change and its [Action Plan, the National Water Policy and Law](https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf)\n1/10 of May 2000 establishing the [Environment Code. While these policies do not directly refer to refugees](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bur25325.pdf)\nor host communities, they apply to them and can be implemented in refugee-hosting areas for the benefit\nof both populations.\n\n\nThe refugee presence has had negative impacts on the natural environment in and around the five camps\ndue to high population concentration and the overextended lifetime of the camp settlements. Such\nimpacts include environmental degradation, deforestation, drainage problems from stormwater runoff,\nwater table contamination, soil erosion, ravine creation and landslides. In an effort to minimize the\nenvironmental impacts of deforestation, the Government has made it illegal for refugees to collect firewood\nin the vicinity of the camps. UNHCR provides all camp-based refugees with alternative energy for cooking\nin the form of biomass briquettes.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe Ministry of Interior, through ONPRA, is in charge of coordinating preparedness for refugee inflows.\n\n\nIn 2018, ONPRA, in collaboration with UNHCR, drafted a contingency plan to respond to mass inflows of\nrefugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The plan was updated in April 2020.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe legal framework in Burundi is largely consistent with international protection standards and principles.\n[Burundi is a State Party to the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees,](https://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10)\nalbeit with reservations to the Protocol limiting refugees\u2019 access to wage-earning employment (Article 17),\nthe right to education (Article 22) and freedom of movement (Article 26). Burundi is also a State party to\nthe [1969 OAU Convention](https://www.unhcr.org/about-us/background/45dc1a682/oau-convention-governing-specific-aspects-refugee-problems-africa-adopted.html) and has ratified other core international human rights instruments.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n[The status and treatment of refugees in Burundi is governed by Law No 1/32 of 13 November 2008 on](https://www.refworld.org/docid/49eef2572.html)\n[Asylum and Protection of refugees (the 2008 Asylum Law) and two ministerial implementing orders: No](https://www.refworld.org/docid/49eef2572.html)\n[530-442 on asylum application procedures and](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=49e718e22) [No 530-443 on the composition, organization and](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,DECREEES,BDI,,49e719652,0.html)\n[functioning of the Advisory Commission for Foreigners and Refugees and the Appeals Committee. The](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,DECREEES,BDI,,49e719652,0.html)\ntwo ministerial orders date from April 2009. Despite reservations declared upon accession to the 1967\nProtocol, the 2008 Asylum Law incorporates the basic principles and standards of protection including\nrefugees\u2019 right to work (Articles 65 and 66), access to public education (primary education) and health\ncare on a par with Burundian nationals (Article 67), as well as freedom of movement and residence (Article\n74). However, refugees\u2019 full realization and enjoyment of their rights is at times impeded by the country\u2019s\noverall development challenges, as well as political and security constraints.\n\n\nThe 2008 Asylum Law provides for a Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process on an individual and\ngroup basis. ONPRA receives asylum-seekers and registers them in the refugee database supported by\nUNHCR. It carries out RSD and presents its recommendations to the sub-committee of the Consultative\nCommission for Foreigners and Refugees, which reaches a first-instance decision. A rejected asylumseeker has the right to appeal before the Appeal Committee. Asylum-seekers have the right to avail\nthemselves of the assistance of the lawyer or legal counsellor of their choice at first instance and appeal.\nUNHCR is an observer with an advisory role at both first-instance and appeal. In practice, UNHCR\nparticipates as an observer in the sub-committee sessions to which it can provide verbal observations and\nwhere scheduled, in the Appeal Committee.\n\n\nThe 2008 Asylum Law also lays down specific provisions applicable in the event of a massive inflow of\npersons fleeing a situation of generalized violence. Under such circumstances, the Ministry of Interior\ngrants prima facie refugee status to these persons within a maximum of six months of their arrival.\n\n\nWhile the legal and institutional arrangements for RSD in Burundi are considered generally satisfactory\nvis-\u00e0-vis international standards, there are practical challenges regarding the ability of ONPRA to ensure\nthe efficiency, integrity and adaptability of its RSD procedures. ONPRA has an accelerated RSD procedure\nfor asylum-seekers from the northern and southern Kivu provinces and the provinces of Haut Uele, Bas\nUele, Ituri and Maniema in the Democratic Republic of the Congo due to the ongoing situation of\ngeneralized violence there. Meanwhile, a standard individual case-processing methodology is in place for\nother provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for asylum-seekers from Rwanda and from\nother countries of origin. UNHCR seeks to provide on-the-job training and coaching to further develop the\nRSD competencies of the ONPRA RSD interview team.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers are registered by ONPRA and data is stored in the database system managed by ONPRA\nand UNHCR. Since March 2020, as a precautionary measure against COVID-19, all border points have\nbeen closed to asylum-seekers and refugees, while registration of newly arrived asylum-seekers has\nbeen halted.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nDuly documented refugees and asylum-seekers benefit from the legal right to stay in the country. The\n2008 Asylum Law provides for refugees to have access to national refugee ID cards and asylum-seekers\nto have attestations until the end of the asylum procedure. More specifically, Articles 5 to 7 of Order No\n530-443 provide for access to temporary residence permit to asylum-seekers that are renewable for a\nsix-month period pending the review of their asylum application including at the appeal level. These\ntemporary residence permits are issued by the General Commission for Migration (Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\ndes Migrations \u2013 CGM). Refugee ID cards are renewable for a three-year period. There is no issuance of\nresidence permits to refugees because refugee ID cards and registration proofs are in practice regarded\nas authorizations to stay in Burundi. Residence permits are issued to other eligible foreigners.\n\n\nFrom 2019 to 30 June 2020, there was no known case of refoulement including push-back or deportation\nwithout trial.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management**\n\n\n[Established by Order No 530/443 of 7 April 2009 and Decree No 100/13 of 29 January 2009, ONPRA,](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=49e718e22)\nreporting to the Ministry of Interior, Community Development and Public Security, is responsible for\nimplementation of the 2008 Asylum Law. ONPRA holds primary responsibility for the administration of\nrefugee affairs and for the day-to-day management of the refugee response. The same Order and Decree\nalso establish and set out the functions of the interministerial Consultative Commission for Foreigners and\nRefugees (Commission Consultative pour Etrangers et R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u2013 CCER) and the Appeals Commission\n(Comit\u00e9 de Recours \u2013 CR). The CCER, responsible for Refugee Status Determination (RSD) at first instance,\nis composed of senior government officials from several ministries (Foreign Affairs; Interior; Human Rights\nand Social Affairs, Education, Justice, and Civil Service), the General Migration Commissariat (Commissariat\nG\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Migrations \u2013 CGM) and the Intelligence service (Service National des Renseignements \u2013\nSNR). ONPRA provides the secretariat for CCER. The CR, responsible for appeals of cases rejected at first\ninstance, is composed of senior officials appointed from several ministries and headed by a representative\nof the Ministry of Interior. The CCER and the CR are the main governmental coordination structures.\n\n\nThe Government, through ONPRA, plays an important role in establishing, administering and managing\nthe camps. UNHCR provides strong support in terms of camp coordination and camp management, as\nwell as in the provision of shelter and non-food items.\n\n\nRefugee inputs are not sought in national or local decision-making, but refugees have had active elected\nrepresentation structures (refugee committees) in the camps since 2010 (see 1.2 Social cohesion).\n\n\nThe Burundi National Statistical Bureau (Institut de Statistiques et d\u2019Etudes Economiques du Burundi,\nISTEEBU) began data collection for its most recent national living conditions survey (Enqu\u00eate Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e sur\nles Conditions de Vie des M\u00e9nages au Burundi, EICVMB) in 2020 and the exercise is expected to be\nconcluded in 2021. Refugees are not currently included in this survey or in any of the country\u2019s other\n[national surveys, including the first Voluntary National Review in 2020](https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/26316RAPPORTDELAMISEENOEUVREDESODDsAUBURUNDI.pdf) monitoring progress against the\nSDGs\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nRefugees aged 14 or over receive official personal identification in the form of a refugee ID card. This card\nbears the name of ONPRA and the signature of the CCER President. These cards are electronic, and\nenable refugees to apply for documents such as driving licences. Refugee ID cards also allow refugees to\nopen a bank account, obtain a telephone Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card and access other services\n(see 3.4 Financial and Administrative Services). While there are no policy limitations hindering refugees\nfrom obtaining and renewing their documentation, technical difficulties regularly cause delays in the issue\nof refugee ID cards, thereby exposing individual refugees to possible arrest and detention.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers receive a temporary residence permit that bears digital photos of the applicant and their\nrelatives and is signed by the police authorities (Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Migrations). This temporary\nresidence permit serves as an ID card for asylum-seekers and is accepted as identification by banks and\ntelecommunication institutions. However, it needs to be accompanied by a supporting letter from ONPRA\nin order for the bearer to have access to bank and telecommunication services.\n\n\nIn line with Article 73 of the Asylum Law, Convention Travel Documents (CTD) are issued by the CGM to\nrefugees who meet the documentary requirements to establish a legitimate reason for travelling abroad,\nsuch as trade activities or education needs. CTD are issued pursuant to UNHCR guidance and are\ncompliant with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards.\n\n\nHowever, Burundian law enforcement officials and authorities generally have limited familiarity with the\ndocumentation issued to refugees and asylum-seekers. This negatively impacts the ability of refugees to\nenjoy some of their rights (to work and to move freely, for instance) and to access services. Refugees\nregularly report concerns about the risks of being arrested and detained. UNHCR and its partners are\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national living conditions survey", - "confidence": 0.991955578327179, - "start": 365, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7966471314430237, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "EICVMB", - "confidence": 0.7422172427177429, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "author": { - "text": "EICVMB", - "confidence": 0.6739036440849304, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Burundi", - "confidence": 0.9916772842407227, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7147308588027954, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9566168785095215, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5383434295654297, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\naddressing this issue with the authorities. ONPRA and UNHCR work jointly to increase refugees\u2019 awareness\nof their rights and obligations and also regularly organize training workshops on asylum procedures and\nrefugee rights and obligations for judiciary and police and law enforcement officials, particularly those\nbased at border crossings and in provinces hosting refugee camps.\n\n\nThe Asylum Law stipulates that the personal status of a refugee is governed by Burundian law (Article 63)\nand recognizes the rights deriving from a personal status acquired in another country, notably resulting\nfrom marriage (Article 64). Refugees and asylum-seekers are entitled to register vital events such as\nbirths, marriages, divorces, and deaths occurring in Burundi and to receive the corresponding\n[documentation, including birth certificates. Book one of the Civil Code, on persons and family (April 1993,](http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/burundi/Burundi-Code-civil.pdf)\nupdated 2006) applies to refugees as it does to nationals for registering and receiving documentation for\nvital events.\n\n\nLate birth registration is governed by the provisions of Article 45 of the Book one of the Civil Code on\npersons and family regulating late declarations of births, which stipulates fines for any delay of over 14\ndays. However, since March 2017, a ministerial order has been issued that exempts late birth registrations\nfrom fines in the case of vulnerable children, including refugee and returnee children. This order, which\nhas been extended until the end of July 2021, also governs the implementation of a five-year birth\nregistration campaign launched by the government of Burundi on 13 June 2018, which includes refugee\nchildren.\n\n\nBirth registration in the camps and transit centres is conducted differently, depending on the location. In\nthe refugee camps of Kavumu (Cankuzo province) and Nyankanda (Ruyigi province), the civil registrar\nvisits the camps once a week to register newborns based on the birth notification issued by the medical\ncentre. A few days later, extracts of the resulting birth certificates are sent to ONPRA to register these\nchildren as refugees benefiting from the derivative status and issue them with appropriate documentation.\nAt Bwagiriza (Ruyigi province), Musasa (Ngozi province) and Kinama (Muyinga province) refugee camps,\nrefugees have to go to the respective local municipality to register their children. They then collect the\nbirth certificate extracts a few days later. As for the Cishemere transit centre (for asylum-seekers),\nnewborns are registered at Buganda commune, which is around 8 to 10 km away. ONPRA facilitates the\ntransport of the parents and their two witnesses.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nRefugees enjoy a level of security comparable to that of nationals in the same areas... While overall security\nhas improved since 2015, the United Nations commission of inquiry has regularly reported on ongoing\nsecurity concerns and localized insecurity throughout the country. The population is, in fact, confronted\nwith crimes of a minor and sometimes violent nature, some committed by armed groups targeting homes\n[at night. The September 2019 report indicates a climate of impunity, particularly for cases of violations of](https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/42/49)\npolitical rights committed in Burundi since May 2018. UNHCR has received little indication of refugees\nbeing systematically targeted or singled out for verbal abuse or physical violence based on their foreign\norigin or refugee status, although it has received complaints from some urban refugees of incidents of\nverbal and physical abuse on these grounds during isolated incidents.\n\n\nThe 2008 Asylum Law does not contain any specific provision as to refugees\u2019 right to access justice,\nwhether in Court or through customary justice mechanisms. Article 51 of this Law, which makes general\nreference to the rights attached to refugee status under the 1951 Convention, applies by default and\nenables refugees and asylum-seekers to access courts in the same way as nationals. In practice, such\naccess is hampered by several factors, such as a low level of refugees\u2019 understanding of judicial processes,\nthe physical distance to the Courts from many refugee-hosting areas, the limited availability of legal and\njudicial support and a general lack of confidence in Burundi legal and judicial structures. Access to free\nlegal assistance is currently only provided through a UNHCR implementing partner.\n\n\nBurundi has ratified the [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cedaw.aspx)\n(CEDAW) without any reservation. Its [Criminal Code includes severe sanctions for violence against women](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/BDI/hl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/0/cb9d300d8db9fc37c125707300338af2/$FILE/Code%20P\u00e9nal%20du%20Burundi%20.pdf)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nand integrates prevention, victim assistance and punishment of perpetrators, which applies to refugees.\n[Burundi also has specific legislation to combat GBV (Law No 1/13 of 22 September 2016), And reducing](http://ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/104446/127404/F922003812/BDI-104446.pdf)\ngender-based and domestic violence and their negative impact on the well-being of individuals, families\nand communities is also an objective of Burundi [National Policy on Reproductive Health.](https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Burundi-Politique-Nationale-de-la-Sante-de-la-Reproduction-2007.pdf)\n\n\nDespite these elements of the legislative and institutional framework, GBV remains highly prevalent in\nboth host and refugee communities. It is a palpable threat for many camp residents, heightened in\nparticular by limited livelihoods opportunities within the camps, insufficient access to energy sources such\nas firewood, poor lighting and overcrowded shelters. Denial of resources by male partners and family\nmembers is one of the key protection issues reported regularly by refugee women, who have also\nhighlighted the risks that they face when venturing outside the camps to collect firewood or to pursue\nsmall-scale commercial activities. Similarly, refugee survivors of GBV are often apprehensive about\nreporting incidents, as are Burundian nationals, for fear of reprisals from perpetrators. When such incidents\nare reported, they are most often not punished or only very lightly sanctioned, generating a climate of\nimpunity. GBV claims are often addressed and mediated by members of the refugee community\nthemselves. However, this usually offers solutions that are unsatisfactory and not in line with the survivors\u2019\nrights in receiving proper care and judicial assistance. In light of this, UNHCR and its partners engage in\nGBV prevention and awareness-raising activities within the camps and provide material and legal support\nto assist most of the survivors.\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThe 2008 Asylum Law stipulates that refugees residing in Burundi have the right to choose their place of\nresidence and to move freely within the territory under the same terms as other foreigners (Article 74).\nWithin Title III of the Asylum Law which includes special provisions applicable in the event of massive\ninflux, Article 88 indicates that prima facie refugees should reside in assigned camps while Article 89,\nderogating from Article 74, stipulates that freedom of movement can be forbidden or restricted for prima\nfacie refugees and that they require a written authorization to move around.\n\n\nIn practice, all refugees in camps (not only prima facie refugees) face restrictions of movement. Motivated\nby security concerns, the Government controls movement outside of the camps by requiring issuance of\nan exit permit (billet de sortie) provided by ONPRA for any movement beyond the commune where the\ncamp is located... Although the permit system is the same for all camps, the procedure for issuance by the\nvarious camp administrators is not uniform and different conditions may apply in different locations.\n\n\nSince late 2019, considering the risks of Ebola transmission, the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic, and in\nview of the beginning of the pre-election period, it has become increasingly difficult for refugees to obtain\nexit permits. In January 2020, the coordination within ONPRA announced that exit permits to Bujumbura\nwould be also restricted and throughout the first half of 2020 it became increasingly difficult for refugees\nto obtain exit permits. These restrictions have had a decisive negative impact on camp-based refugees\u2019\nlivelihoods, especially those having small businesses or (casual) labour engagements outside the camps.\nAsylum-seekers in the transit centres are also facing comparable restrictions in the issuance of exit\npermits.\n\n\nOnce refugee status is obtained, refugees in Burundi are given the choice of moving to Bujumbura or\nsettling in camps. Their choice is typically based on their economic and social prospects to pursue selfreliant livelihoods in Bujumbura or other urban areas, or on their reliance on humanitarian assistance,\nwhich is delivered only in the camps. Some refugee families split their household between the camps and\nBujumbura to access both humanitarian aid and work opportunities.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**3.2** **Rights to work and rights at work**\n\n\nRefugees are legally allowed to work in Burundi and can obtain a work permit with their refugee ID card.\nThe 2008 Asylum Law recognizes refugees\u2019 right to work (Article 65). Moreover, refugees can work in the\nliberal professions as per the conditions established by Article 66 of the 2008 Asylum Law. The provisions\n[of the Labour Code (Law No 1-037 of 7 July 1993) relating inter alia to general working conditions,](https://www.warnathgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Burundi-Labor-Code.pdf)\n[remuneration and social security benefits apply equally to refugees, as does Ministerial Order No 650/11/88](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/travmain.sectionReport1?p_lang=en&p_structure=1&p_year=2011&p_start=1&p_increment=10&p_sc_id=1&p_countries=HR&p_countries=BI&p_print=Y)\n[of 30 April 1988 on the interprofessional minimum wage.](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/travmain.sectionReport1?p_lang=en&p_structure=1&p_year=2011&p_start=1&p_increment=10&p_sc_id=1&p_countries=HR&p_countries=BI&p_print=Y)\n\n\nHowever, both urban and camp-based refugees need a work permit to engage in formal employment. A\ncontract from an employer is required to apply for a permit and the Inspection G\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Travail et de la\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale will check with the employer before issuing the permit. Since a refugee ID card is required\nto obtain a work permit, asylum-seekers are effectively excluded from accessing formal salaried\nemployment.\n\n\nDespite the inclusive legal provisions, relatively few refugees are engaged in formal wage-earning\nemployment. Reasons for this include generally high unemployment rates, administrative challenges\nrelated to obtaining work permits, and limitations on movement, particularly for those living in the camps.\nFurthermore, many potential employers are not aware of refugees\u2019 right to work and even when they are,\nthey tend to prefer to hire their compatriots rather than refugees. Refugees also often lack the skills to be\ncompetitive within the urban marketplace.\n\n\nRefugees can set up businesses upon fulfilment of certain preconditions set by the national laws governing\nbusiness and investment regulations and after payment of a fee. However, in practice refugees often find\nit difficult, if not impossible, to access the formal finance needed to set up or grow a business (see section\n3.4 on financial and administrative services).\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nThe main laws governing housing, land and property are [the Constitution of the Republic of Burundi (2018](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burundi_2018.pdf?lang=en)\n[Constitution), the Land Policy Letter 2008 (Lettre de politique fonci\u00e8re) and Law No 1/13 of 9 August 2011](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/BDI/the%20Land%20Policy%20letter%202008)\nrevising the Land Code of Burundi (Code foncier du Burundi). Article 36 of the 2018 Constitution states\nthat every person has the right to property. Article 1 of the Land Code provides that any individual or legal\nentity may enjoy, without discrimination, all of the rights defined by the Code and may exercise them\nfreely, subject to respect for the rights of others and to restrictions resulting from the law. In the absence\nof explicit restrictions on refugees, the latter enjoy land, housing and property rights.\n\n\nIn practice, however, very few refugees can afford to buy land or even rent it. Where land is available to\nrefugees outside the camps, access is generally obtained through purchase, rental or land provided free\nof charge for agriculture use. The latter two systems, being rooted in good relations between refugees\nand host communities, tend to favour long-staying refugees who have managed to forge trusting relations\nwith their neighbours. Similarly, despite the legal right for refugees to buy and own houses or other types\nof property, in practice this is usually beyond their financial means. The vast majority of the 35,000\nrefugees residing out of camps in urban areas (mostly in and around Bujumbura) live in rented\naccommodation and with host families. Refugee families can at times be evicted for non-payment of rent.\nThere is no systematically reliable data on how this compares to similar challenges faced by poor\nBurundians.\n\n\nThere is no public or social housing scheme in Burundi.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe Asylum Law is almost silent about refugees\u2019 financial rights with the exception of Article 75, which\nauthorizes refugees who have been admitted to a third country for resettlement to transfer the assets they\nhad brought into Burundi to their country of resettlement. However, in the absence of provisions to the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\ncontrary, refugees have the right to open bank accounts and access financial services and mobile money\nin the same way as the country\u2019s nationals. With a refugee ID card, refugees can open a bank account.\nAsylum-seekers with a temporary residence permit are not able to access bank services.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees and asylum-seekers have limited access to the microfinance opportunities available\nto Burundian nationals because they tend not to have property or assets, such as houses, to mortgage as\ncollateral for banks and microfinance institutions to secure loans. Camp residents\u2019 access to financial\nservices is also constrained due to the lack of financial service providers in the vicinity of the camps,\nmeaning that they must pay transport costs to reach the nearest town to access a bank. Within the camps\nthere are Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) supported by UNHCR partners, but the cash\nvolumes are too low to meet the demand for capital to start and maintain small businesses. Besides\nsupporting group formation and savings activities, the VSLAs also have been used to channel small grants\nfor income-generating activities.\n\n\nSeveral mobile and digital solutions are currently being rolled out by private sector actors in Burundi\ntargeting both refugee and local communities, though these are subject to government regulatory control.\nMobile money solutions are under control of the Bank of the Republic of Burundi. Through the\n[implementation of the National Social Safety Net Cash Transfer Program, the Government is improving its](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/900951482030099834/pdf/1482030098559-000A10458-PAD-Burundi-SSN-11282016.pdf)\ncapacity to expand the mobile-money delivery system.\n\n\n[Article 10 of Law No 1/19 of 10 September 2013 on primary and secondary education notes that students](https://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/N%C2%B01_19_10_septembre_2013.pdf)\nwho come from an accredited school abroad can integrate into the Burundian school system without\nhaving to take an entry examination. Article 68 of the Asylum Law grants refugees access to recognition\nof their certificates and diplomas, in a similar way to foreigners, through the Ministry of Education.\n\n\nRefugees are able to obtain a Burundian driving licence and the same rules apply as for other foreigners.\nDriving licences from their country of origin are recognized and upon payment of a fee a Burundian driving\nlicence can be obtained. With a refugee ID, refugees are able to take driving lessons and obtain a Burundian\ndriving licence.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe right to primary education for refugees in the same way as nationals is confirmed under Article 67 of\nthe 2008 Asylum Law. The Government has also repeatedly committed to establishing mixed fundamental\nschools (grade 1 to grade 9) accommodating both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nCurrently, camp residents attend schools supported by UNHCR and its partners that follow the country of\norigin\u2019s school curriculum, which is are taught by refugee teachers and Burundian nationals on a part-time\nbasis. These are considered private schools. In principle, refugee students can opt for their inclusion in the\nnational public education system. However, the geographical isolation of some camps, such as Kavumu,\nmakes it impossible for refugee children to attend a public school. Moreover, during UNHCR annual\nParticipatory Assessment discussions, refugees have on occasion expressed reluctance to subscribe to\nthe inclusion of refugee students in the national system due to the use of Kirundi as the language of\neducation. Some Congolese refugees have also indicated that they perceive a Burundian education to be\na potential disadvantage in the event that they return to their country of origin. However, it should be\nnoted that, in the Congolese refugee camps, final examinations come from the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo and are administered by Congolese government education officers.\n\n\nUrban refugees have the option of enrolling in public or private schools, subject to their financial resources.\nIn public schools, primary education is free of charge while post-primary requires the payment of school\nfees, although the fees are modest and accessible to most urban refugees. However, many refugees who\ncan afford to do so opt for private schools that offer alternatives to instruction in Kirundi.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nAt tertiary level, academic fees in both private and public universities are expensive and beyond the\nmeans of most refugees. Refugee students who do attend university tend to opt for private universities,\nfor which they pay the same academic fees as nationals. They can also attend public universities for the\nsame fees levied on other foreigners living in Burundi.\n\n\nThere are currently no remedial mechanisms in place to help children who have missed education for\nsome extended periods, such as accelerated education classes or language training for those enrolling in\nthe Kirundi curriculum.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nArticle 55 of the 2018 Constitution guarantees access to health care for everyone without distinction.\nArticle 67 of the 2008 Asylum Law affirms refugees\u2019 access to health care on a par with Burundian\nnationals. The Government has referred to the establishment of mixed health-care facilities servicing both\nrefugees and host communities, but these have not yet been established.\n\n\nCamp-based refugees have free access to medical facilities provided by UNHCR partners. Members of\nneighbouring host communities regularly access the camps\u2019 health facilities and services under the same\nconditions as the refugees.\n\n\nWhile urban refugees have access to the same medical services as Burundian nationals, they remain\nresponsible for payment of health-care costs and are not eligible for national health insurance schemes.\nAt the UNHCR annual Participatory Assessment discussions, urban refugees have stated that they do not\nhave access to medical services in practice because they cannot afford the fees.\n\n\nMaternal and child health care (under 5 years) has been provided without charge in Burundi\u2019s national\nhealthcare system since 2006, but in practice urban refugees do not access these services for free. This\nwas a political decision affirmed through a Decree and Ministerial Ordinance in 2010, which specifies\neligibility criteria for children under 5 years of age. It is noted that health care is 100 percent subsidized for\nchildren whose parents \u201care not wage earners in the formal sector, of Burundian nationality, living in\nBurundi.\u201d Likewise, the Ordinance specifies that free maternal health care is available for women of\nBurundian nationality residing in Burundi. However, urban refugees do access certain free national\nhealth-care services provided through Government primary health-care facilities, such as treatment for\nmalaria, HIV and TB and certain vaccinations. Some vulnerable urban refugees or those with chronic\nconditions receive subsidies for medical expenses by UNHCR.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[The social protection foundations in Burundi are thus based on the National Policy on Social Protection](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/96353/137689/F159921121/BDI-96353.pdf)\n[(NPSP) dated 2011, the National Social Protection Strategy of January 2015 and the Law on Social Protection](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/110614/137626/F444053803/BDI-110614.pdf)\n[Code of 2020. The National Policy makes explicit reference to the most vulnerable persons in the country:](http://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Burundi-Loi-2020-12-code-protection-sociale.pdf)\nvulnerable children, older persons, persons living with a disability, disaster victims (displaced persons,\nreturnees and refugees) and indigent persons (very poor rural and urban populations, widows and\nwidowers and people living with HIV/AIDS). The Law on Social Protection Code, which applies to all\npersons in Burundi, provides for a pensions regime to cover old age and disability risks. However, in\npractice, there are currently no conditional or unconditional government cash transfer programmes\ntargeting poor or vulnerable households except for some limited interventions on the part of the Ministry\nof Solidarity for the Elderly and Disabled, which operate on a very small scale. Despite the inclusivity and\npoverty reduction principles underlying the Social Protection policy, strategy and code and considering\n[the very limited scope of the National Social Safety Net Cash Transfer Program, refugees are not currently](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/900951482030099834/pdf/1482030098559-000A10458-PAD-Burundi-SSN-11282016.pdf)\nincluded in these programmes. The same applies to older refugees and those living with disabilities. While\nthe initial implementation phase prioritized Burundian nationals, there is scope for expansion of the social\nsafety nets to include refugees in subsequent phases.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\n[Burundi has an established national legal framework for the protection of children. The country is party to](about:blank)\n[the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and has ratified the Optional Protocol](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/BDI/1989%20UN%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20the%20Child)\n[on the involvement of children in armed conflict and the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opaccrc.aspx)\n[Prostitution and Child Pornography. The 2018 Constitution protects the fundamental rights of children](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opsccrc.aspx)\n(Articles 30, 44, 45 and 46) and those provided for in international human rights instruments (Article 19,\nwhich states that \u201cthe rights and duties proclaimed and guaranteed by the international texts concerning\nhuman rights regularly ratified constitute an integral part of the Constitution\u201d).\n\n\nIn 2020, the government validated the updated national child protection policy for a period of five years\n(2020\u20132024). This is articulated around five strategic axes, namely: (i) Preventing and responding to\nviolence, exploitation, discrimination, abuse and neglect; (ii) Strengthening the legal and regulatory\nframework; (iii) Institutional strengthening; (iv) Strengthening the information system, monitoring and\nevaluation; and (v) Strengthening the cooperation and coordination system. While not expressly mentioned,\nrefugee children are also covered by this normative framework.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the above, children in Burundi, both nationals and refugees, are often unable to exercise\ntheir rights due to the difficult context in which they live. At-risk refugee children regularly cannot benefit\nfrom meaningful support from the national programmes in place. This is often due to the lack of awareness\nof national service providers on the rights of refugee children to receive support through national systems.\nIn refugee settings, systems designed by UNHCR are in place to identify children at risk when they first\nseek asylum and to ensure that measures are taken to prioritize them for protection and assistance. Other\nhumanitarian organizations provide additional support through programmes to protect separated and\nunaccompanied children in the camps. As at January 2020, the five camps were hosting 244 unaccompanied\nand 1,975 separated children.\n\n\nBurundi has ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and supports these persons\nthrough the Ministry of Solidarity for the Elderly and Disabled within the existing resource constraints. In\npractice, refugees living with disabilities are exclusively supported by UNHCR and its partners.\n\n\nFor refugees and asylum-seekers in urban areas, most protection services are provided at the Centre\nUrbain d\u2019Accueil et Orientation des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CUCOR), which is managed by ONPRA. Some GBV survivors\nare being referred to integrated centres such as the SERUKA centre, run by a national NGO, which offer\nhealth services and temporary accommodation to survivors without discrimination. In the camps, GBV\nsurvivors rely mainly on the care and protection systems designed and implemented by UNHCR and its\npartners.\n\n\n[Burundi has a 2014 Law on the prevention and repression of trafcking in persons and the protection of](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/104447/127405/F127051135/BDI-104447.PDF)\n[victims of trafcking that applies to Burundian nationals as well as to refugees and asylum-seekers. The](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/104447/127405/F127051135/BDI-104447.PDF)\ngovernment, in partnership with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), launched a project in\nDecember 2019 to strengthen the government\u2019s capacity to combat human trafficking, enhance the\nnational protection referral system, provide reintegration for victims and improve coordination.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender considerations matter in the majority of the policy sub-dimensions. The four priority areas in which\ngender considerations are most consequential in terms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Social cohesion**, the lack of meaningful participation of women in refugee community-based leadership\n\nstructures;\n\n\nii. **Justice and security**, the lack of effective prevention and remedial measures for gender-based\n\nviolence, including access to legal remedies and securing comprehensive solutions that improve the\nsafety of survivors and promote their social rehabilitation;\n\n\niii. **Education**, the drastic drop in school attendance by girls at all levels; and\n\n\niv. Health care, the difficulty urban refugee women have in accessing sexual and reproductive health\n\nservices for free.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe priority areas in which considerations of refugees\u2019 distinct characteristics are most consequential in\nterms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. Social protection, the lack of practical integration of elderly and disabled refugees in the emerging\n\nnational social safety nets\n\n\nii. **Health care**, limitations on refugees accessing health-care services legally available to them and the\n\nneed to expand inclusion in national health care programmes\n\n\niii. **Freedom of movement**, barriers on refugee freedom of movement continue to exist in practice and\n\nimpact upon refugees\u2019 self-reliance\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[cation date: 19 Jul 1963)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951][1][ (Ratif] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967][2]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 As per Article VII(1) of the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 1967, reservations are made to Article 17(1) and (2)\n(wage-earning employment); Article 22 (public education); Article 26 (freedom of movement).\n2 As per Article VII(1), reservations are made to Article 17 (wage-earning employment); Article 22 (public education); Article 26\n(freedom of movement) of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3c4059be-9366-396f-b073-ad1aeb2d5332/Burundi%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_271/raw/doc_271_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_271/raw/doc_271_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e1f55d8fa04f1f11b169882dfe630616fb70177b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_271/raw/doc_271_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,229 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of 30 June 2020 summary)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nBurundi\u2019s government has remained committed to decentralization reform, a core component of the\nnational development plan 2018-2027. This initiative seeks to enhance the effectiveness of local authorities\nand promote economic development while emphasizing citizen empowerment. The government aims\nfor municipalities to achieve institutional autonomy and financial sustainability by 2025. However,\ndecentralization in Burundi faces significant hurdles, including insufficient local capacity, financial constraints,\ncorruption, inefficiency, ethnic discord, and legal and structural obstacles. Overcoming these challenges\nrequires a unified effort from the government, civil society and international partners to ensure accountable,\nresponsive and efficient governance.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe continuation of the country\u2019s devolution process, particularly the increased autonomy of municipalities\nwhere refugee camps are located, serves as an indirect policy aimed at maintaining peace and enhancing\nsocial cohesion. Generally, the relationship between refugees and host communities remained positive.\nDespite refugees living in camps, the protracted refugee situation of those hosted in camps has also resulted\nin increased cross-socialization and mixed marriage with host, especially in the municipality area where\nthe camps are located. Activities promoting peaceful cohabitation and access to basic services for host\ncommunities within refugee camps continue to reinforce social cohesion between the two communities.\n\n\nCitizen engagement continued to be promoted under Burundian decentralization policies, but are still not\nextended to non-citizens, including refugees. In the camps, refugees continue to have elected representation\nsystems (refugee committees) established by the National Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless\nPersons (ONPRA) in cooperation with UNHCR. Additionally, there are mixed committees composed of\nrefugee and host communities\u2019 representatives such as hill chief, zone chief, school directors. These mixed\ncommunities remained key in identifying, preventing and mitigating potential social tensions and risks of\nviolence in refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\nIn response to a request from the Ministry of Education, UNHCR seeks to partner with UNESCO to develop\nan inclusion strategy for refugees and returnees. This project will be carried out in 2023 and 2024, with\na needs analysis to be conducted by year-end. Additionally, there is an opportunity to advocate for the\ninclusion of refugees in national social protection programs, including social assistance and key systems\nlike the social registry under the Merankabandi II project.\n\n\nThe World Bank\u2019s Turikumwe-PRODECI project, which supports refugee hosting areas, will repair nine\nkilometres of roads leading to camps and the Nyabitare returnee reception center in Ruyigi Province. This\nwill positively impact the acceptance of refugees by the host community, which will benefit from the road\nrehabilitation.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe environmental policy in Burundi has remained unchanged.\n\n\nThe presence of refugees in and around the five camps continues to exert a negative impact on the natural\nenvironment due to the high population concentration and the protracted nature of these camps. This impact\nincludes environmental degradation, deforestation and drainage issues. To mitigate these challenges within\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe refugee camps, tree-planting initiatives are ongoing throughout the year, depending on the season.\nThese efforts help restore plant cover and reduce erosion problems in the camps.\n\n\nIn alignment with environmental preservation, refugees are encouraged to use renewable energy sources,\nand solar lamps are being distributed to refugees. A solar electrification project is also in the planning\nstages for the five camps. To reduce excessive firewood consumption by refugees, they are encouraged to\nadopt environmentally friendly energy sources such as briquettes and improved stoves, which are provided\nby UNHCR and its partners. Additionally, awareness campaigns on environmental protection are regularly\norganized for the benefit of refugees residing in the camps. These efforts collectively aim to address the\nenvironmental challenges posed by the refugee presence and promote sustainable practices.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe Ministry of Interior, through ONPRA, continues to coordinate preparedness for refugee inflows.\n\n\nGiven the possible sudden and massive influx of individuals fleeing Democratic Republic of Congo\nconsidering the prevailing situation in Eastern DRC, UNHCR in partnership with the National Office for\nthe Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (ONPRA) developed a contingency plan in 2022 which\nincludes the possibility to activate prima facie recognition in case of an influx.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nOver the last three years, Burundi has introduced a new legal framework for governing the situation of\nmigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees with the enactment of [Law No. 01/25 on 5 November 2021](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html) (hereinafter,\nthe Migration Law). In 2022, to ensure its enforcement, this new law was further supplemented in 2022 by\n[the issuance of two implementing instruments: Decree No. 100/068 concerning the advisory commission](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2022/06/06/decret-no-100-068-du-30-mai-2022-portant-missions-composition-organisation-et-fonctionnement-de-la-commission-consultative-pour-etrangers-et-refugies-et-du-comite-de-recours/)\n[for foreigners and refugees, and the appeals committee, and](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2022/06/06/decret-no-100-068-du-30-mai-2022-portant-missions-composition-organisation-et-fonctionnement-de-la-commission-consultative-pour-etrangers-et-refugies-et-du-comite-de-recours/) [Decree No. 100/069 on the National Ofce for](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Decret-No-69-portant-Organisation-Missions-et-Fonctionnement-de-l-Office-National-de-Protection-des-Refugies-et-Apatrides.pdf)\n[the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (ONPRA). As a result, this new legal framework, including](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Decret-No-69-portant-Organisation-Missions-et-Fonctionnement-de-l-Office-National-de-Protection-des-Refugies-et-Apatrides.pdf)\nthe two 2022 implementing decrees, replaced the previous Law No. 1/32 of 13 November 2008 relating to\nAsylum and Protection of Refugees, along with the two ministerial decrees passed in April 2009: [Ministerial](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1085548/1504_1240301125_ordonnance-loi-asile-demande-asile.pdf)\n[Order No. 530-442 related to asylum application procedures, and](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1085548/1504_1240301125_ordonnance-loi-asile-demande-asile.pdf) [Ministerial Order No. 530-443 governing](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,DECREEES,BDI,,49e719652,0.html)\n[the composition, organization, and operations of the Advisory Commission for Foreigners and Refugees and](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,DECREEES,BDI,,49e719652,0.html)\n[the Appeals Committee. Main changes brought about by this new legislation are to provide for more explicit](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,DECREEES,BDI,,49e719652,0.html)\nresponsibilities entrusted to Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Migrations (CGM).\n\n\nThe Migration Law generally aligns with international refugee standards. However, certain provisions of the\nlaw remain vague and general regarding the specific rights accorded to refugees. Specifically, Article 66\nand Article 68 of the Migration Law grant refugees the right to access education, health and employment\nin accordance with the existing enforced legislation in the matter, but the laws governing these domains\ndo not explicitly address refugee considerations. Additionally, Article 70 of the Migration Law provides that\nrefugees have the freedom of movement and right to choose their residence in Burundi in accordance\nwith law and regulations as well as international and regional treaties, and Protocols ratified by Burundi.\nHowever, in practice, refugees hosted in the camp continue to be required to apply for an exit permit to\nleave the camp. The issuance of these permits remains at the discretion of ONPRA managing the five\nrefugee camps.\n\n\nIn the context of the national asylum procedure, the Migration Law maintains provisions for the Refugee\nStatus Determination (RSD) process, which can be conducted on an individual or group basis, including\nthe possibility of granting refugee recognition on a prima facie basis. Under Article 76 of the Migration\nLaw, the Police of Migrations (also known as the Commissariat General des Migrations (CGM)) is entrusted\nwith various responsibilities, such as receiving, identifying, registering and providing guidance to asylum\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nseekers. According to the law, CGM is also responsible for issuing special authorizations for movement\nwithin the country, temporary stay permits, refugee ID cards and refugee convention travel documents. The\n[Decree No. 100/069 provides the legal framework for the roles and responsibilities entrusted to ONPRA](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Decret-No-69-portant-Organisation-Missions-et-Fonctionnement-de-l-Office-National-de-Protection-des-Refugies-et-Apatrides.pdf)\nin the asylum process and refugee management, including camp management. ONPRA continues to play\na Secretariat role for the two Commissions: Commission Consultative des \u00c9trangers and R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CCER)\nand Comit\u00e9 de Recours. The same decree also provides for ONPRA to enter data of refugees and asylumseekers in the refugee management database jointly with CGM.\n\n\nArticle 84 of the Migration Law stipulates that the Police of Immigration is responsible for transferring\nthe docket of asylum applicants to ONPRA within a maximum of eight days. However, in practice, the\nCommissioner General for Migrations (CGM) is also involved in pre-screening of asylum-seekers to\ndetermine their eligibility for asylum registration. While the CGM role helps identify individuals who may\nhave misrepresented their nationality and are Burundian nationals, this screening process may lead to a risk\nof inconsistent access to national asylum procedures for all asylum-seekers. UNHCR has also continued\nto support the administration of the refugee management database, which tracks new applicants with\nbiometric data. Over the reporting period, only a few applicants have been rejected by CGM for alleged\nnationality fraud. Additionally, ONPRA continues to oversee the pre-screening of asylum seekers by CGM.\nFollowing the pre-screening, asylum-seekers are referred to ONPRA, which conducts the individual refugee\ndetermination interviews and assessment to make recommendations to the CCER for making decision on\nrefugee status. In case of a negative decision taken by ONPRA, the Migration Law provides for the applicant\nto have the right to submit an appeal to the Appeals Commission, which will review and decide on their\nasylum case.\n\n\nThe Migration Law also includes an entire chapter dedicated to cooperation with Burundian authorities and\nUNHCR. This chapter defines the technical and material roles of UNHCR in relation to refugees. The [Decree](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2022/06/06/decret-no-100-068-du-30-mai-2022-portant-missions-composition-organisation-et-fonctionnement-de-la-commission-consultative-pour-etrangers-et-refugies-et-du-comite-de-recours/)\n[No.100/68 further provides for UNHCR to sit as an observer in the Commission and the Committee to fulfil](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2022/06/06/decret-no-100-068-du-30-mai-2022-portant-missions-composition-organisation-et-fonctionnement-de-la-commission-consultative-pour-etrangers-et-refugies-et-du-comite-de-recours/)\nits supervisory role of the [1951 Convention.](https://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10)\n\n\nIn addition to the challenge of access to national asylum procedures for those with LGBTIQ+ profiles, ONPRA\nhas continued to face some difficulties in ensuring the quality of the individualized RSD process, particularly\nwith regards to efficiency and integrity.\n\n\nOver the three years, continued simplified RSD procedures have been applied to applicants from the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), originating from South and North Kivu provinces, as well as the\nprovinces of Haut Uele, Bas Uele, Ituri and Maniema. For asylum-seekers from Rwanda and other countries,\nas well as for applicants from other provinces within the DRC, ONPRA has continued to apply standard\nindividualized RSD procedures.\n\n\nDuring this period, capacity development on RSD was provided to ONPRA staff, albeit in an ad hoc manner,\nincluding capacity development for ONPRA staff, training on international human rights and refugee law.\nRegistration training for refugees and asylum-seekers has been conducted for ONPRA and GCM personnel.\nHowever, these capacity-building efforts remained insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for a more\ncomprehensive and systematic training program. This program should include on-the-job training and\ncoaching for all staff members involved in national asylum procedures across various institutions.\n\n\nIn March 2023, a retreat was conducted, involving technical staff from ONPRA, GCM and UNHCR, with the\naim of improving understanding and standardizing practices related to the recent Migration Law and its two\nimplementing decrees introduced in 2022. The retreat revealed a significant lack of familiarity with the new\nlegislation among many government staff in these two institutions. In response, recommendations were\nput forth to organize protection dialogues and awareness campaigns targeted at key state stakeholders\nresponsible for implementing the new legislation. These stakeholders include regional Governors, Mayors\nof municipalities hosting refugee camps, Immigration Officers from GCM and ONPRA personnel. Moreover,\nUNHCR, in collaboration with development partners such as the World Bank and the European Union, has\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee management database", - "confidence": 0.9875447750091553, - "start": 117, - "end": 120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data of refugees and asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.6806603670120239, - "start": 110, - "end": 115 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.8719446659088135, - "start": 112, - "end": 115 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee management database", - "confidence": 0.9960005879402161, - "start": 229, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "tracks new applicants with\nbiometric data", - "confidence": 0.8521320819854736, - "start": 234, - "end": 240 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8184353709220886, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nbeen advocating for consistent access to fair and efficient asylum procedures in accordance with national\nlaws.\n\n\nThe Migration Law has been promulgated in both French and Kirundi. However, there has been a lack of\ncomprehensive dissemination efforts to inform law enforcement and administrative authorities about the\nlaw\u2019s provisions. This has resulted in instances of arbitrary arrests and detentions of refugees and asylumseekers.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nArticle 73 of the [Migration Law protects the refugees against non-refoulement.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html)\n\n\nIn the past three years, there have been instances of Congolese refugees intercepted by the Burundian\nauthorities while returning to Burundi after being in DRC. If the returning refugees fail to provide a valid\nreason for their movement to DRC, the GCM refers their cases to the CCER for cessation of their refugee\nstatus. Those facing cessation decisions can still challenge this decision to the Appeal Commission or\nsubmit a new asylum application.\n\n\nAdditionally, after the absence of some refugees during the physical verification exercise conducted by\nthe Government in the five refugee camps between February and March 2023, the Office of the National\nProtection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (ONPRA) proceeded to terminate the refugee status of those\npresumed to have left the camps.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, it was also observed that several refugees recognized by the Government\nof Burundi were expelled by the Government of Tanzania to the Burundian territory. Once back in Burundi,\nthey have continued to enjoy their refugee status and can avail themselves to assistance and protection\nprovided by the Government and NGO partners.\n\n\nAdditionally, all Burundian land borders were closed to all asylum-seekers from March 2020 to June 2022\ndue to the Covid pandemic.\n\n\nOver the past three years, there has been a noticeable rise in arbitrary arrests and detentions involving\nrefugees and asylum-seekers. This increase may be attributed to several factors, including the restricted\nmovements of refugees hosted in camps from December 2020 to March 2023. Additionally, the temporary\nshortage of consumables for renewing refugee identity cards could have contributed to this situation.\n\n\nRegarding individuals with LGBTIQ+ profile, ONPRA has continued to refuse to conduct RSD due to\nBurundi\u2019s criminalization of homosexuality. Additionally, ONPRA has declined to accommodate these\nindividuals in refugee camps and transit centres, exposing them to increased protection risks. Consequently,\nUNHCR Burundi conducts RSD for these individuals under its mandate and collaborates with the UNHCR\nRegional Bureau to explore prospects for durable solutions.\n\n\nDespite the above background, there has not been any incident of refoulement reported to UNHCR during\nthis period.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe Decree No. 100/069 on the National Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons\n(ONPRA) defines ONPRA responsibilities and entrusts the coordination of refugee activities to this institution\nwith the support of UNHCR and its partners. ONPRA continues to report to the Ministry of Interior as per the\nabove Decree.\n\n\nONPRA continues to ensure responsibility for the management of the five refugee camps with the support of\nUNHCR. Since July 2021, ONPRA also ensures management of the transit centres (Cishemere and Makombe).\nThe Police oversees law enforcement in the refugee camps and transit centres. Joint ONPRA/UNHCR teams\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nconduct registration in the transit centres and in the ONPRA office taking into consideration persons with\nspecific needs including unaccompanied minors and separated children. Following a period of stay in the\ntransit centres, recognized refugees can decide to be hosted in a refugee camp or to stay in the urban areas.\n\n\nAdditionally, considering new arrivals from DRC during the reporting period and the full capacity of the five\nexisting refugees, the government has provided a site to host a sixth refugee camp in Rutana province,\nGiharo commune. Site planning has commenced to enable relocation of refugees to this site. To uphold the\ncivilian character of asylum, the GCM is responsible for security screening of asylum seekers. This situation\nunderscores the urgent need for the host Government for expanded resources and infrastructure to meet\nthe growing demands of the refugee population. By taking this decision to open a sixth camp for refugees in\nBurundi, the Government of Burundi seeks to address and mitigate the challenges posed by refugee inflows\nand alleviate the strain on the existing refugee camps.\n\n\nThe national institutional framework for refugee management remains under the leadership of ONPRA, which\noperates under the Ministry of the Interior. Many services provided to refugees in camps are coordinated\nthrough this ministry with support of UNHCR and partners. Efforts to include other sector ministries in the\nnational refugee coordination model have remained timid, while coordination with regional and local authorities\nespecially in sub national entities hosting the refugee camps also continued to be limited. During the COVID\nperiod, there have been efforts to engage the Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control (MPHAC). ONPRA is\nnow also engaging the Ministry of Education.\n\n\nTogether with ONPRA, UNHCR continues to mobilize other relevant stakeholders to ensure that appropriate\nmeasures for provision of basic services (water, food, non-food items, health care and nutrition, shelter,\neducation, etc) is made available to refugees living in camps for their protection and well-being in accordance\nwith the applicable humanitarian standards. With that in mind, UNHCR has strengthened its strategic\nengagement with the UN system, including the Resident Coordinator Office, UNDP, WFP, UNICEF, IOM, etc.,\nnamely through ensuring a systematic alignment with the UNSDCF 2023-2027, and co-leading a joint multipartner and multi-year strategy on Durable Solutions and Reintegration under the umbrella of the UN Resident\nCoordinator\u2019s Office (RCO). UNHCR also collaborates with NGOs, local civil society organizations, private\nsector and local communities.\n\n\nElected refugee representative structures at central and sector levels continue to be in place both in the\ncamps and urban areas. Elections of these representatives take place every two years. In 2022, a new guiding\ndocument was signed by ONPRA and UNHCR to facilitate the election process and ensure age, gender and\ndiversity representativity among these elected structures. Thus far, these elections have been transparent and\nare supervised by ONPRA with support of UNHCR. The refugee committee continues to serve as a consultation\nmechanism to obtain refugee input and feedback on decisions taken at sub-national and local level.\n\n\nRefugees hosted in camps remain included in the national population census and other national surveys.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nAs per the [Migration Law, the Commissariat General of Migration retains the responsibility for issuance](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html)\nof asylum-seeker and refugee individual documentation. Asylum-seekers are provided with temporary\nresidence permits upon their registration, which are subsequently renewed every six months until a final\ndecision on their refugee status is reached. Refugees aged 14 years old and older are issued refugee\nidentity cards which authorizes the refugee to stay on the territory. Following UNHCR\u2019s advocacy, the validity\nof these cards was extended from three to five years in April 2023. It is important to note that, during the\npast three years, there have been challenges related to the renewal of refugee ID cards by CGM, primarily\ndue to issues with the availability of necessary stationary. Additionally, all refugees and asylum-seekers are\nissued with a household proof of registration by ONPRA and UNHCR which contains all the photographs\nand biometrics of members pertaining to this household.\n\n\n[In line with the provisions of the Civil Code, the civil registry authorities continue to ensure that vital events](http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/burundi/Burundi-Code-civil.pdf)\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9955556988716125, - "start": 573, - "end": 576 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7095806002616882, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nconcerning refugees and asylum-seekers occurred in Burundi are registered and certified. Specially for in\ncamp refugees, UNHCR, with the support of UNICEF and other partners, continues to support civil registry\nstructures with materials to ensure that refugees have equal access to civil documentation (birth, marriage\nand death certificates) in line with nationals. A circular issued by Ministry of Interior in March 2017 continued\nto exempt vulnerable children including refugees from paying the fine related to late birth registration.\n\n\nFor recognized refugees requiring traveling outside the country, Convention Travel Documents (CTDs) are\nissued by CGM with the support of UNHCR. CTDs issued to refugees are machine-readable and compliant\nwith International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\n[Article 38 of the Constitution of Burundi promulgated on 7 June 2018 provides that everyone has the right,](https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2018/07/03/6271/)\nin judicial or administrative proceedings, to have their case heard fairly and to be judged within a reasonable\ntime. This provision recognizes litigants\u2019 right, including refugees, to have unimpeded access to a court or\ncompetent jurisdiction to hear their case.\n\n\nThe Burundian judicial system is often criticized for lengthy legal procedures; non-compliance by the\nadministration with the enforcement of rulings rendered by the court and tribunals; lack of capacity of formal\njustice mechanisms; heavy reliance on informal justice mechanisms, particularly in serious criminal cases,\nand issues of sexual and gender-based violence; physical remoteness of justice providers. Other challenges\ninclude language barriers and a lack of awareness of rights of access to justice. These challenges are the\nsame for nationals and refugees.\n\n\nLack of information and ignorance of certain laws governing refugees in Burundi have been observed\nnationwide. Refugees have requested awareness campaigns on Burundian laws and the rights and\nobligations of refugees. Generally, refugees are aware that they can be legally prosecuted in the country of\nasylum. However, most of them perceive that they can be exonerated owing to their legal status. Based on\nprotection monitoring within the camps, a significant number of refugees expressed concerns that they may\nreceive harsher treatment compared to nationals while in detention.\n\n\nMany cases of gender-based violence affecting refugees go unreported due to fear of reprisal, limited access\nto justice, stigma, discrimination and a culture of impunity. UNHCR assessments showed that gender-based\nviolence is compounded by a lack of public lighting in camps, poor shelter and security in neighbourhoods,\nprivacy in communal facilities and low socio-economic status of refugees in urban areas. This vulnerability\nis exacerbated by GBV survivors having limited access to formal or informal justice mechanisms. They are\nalso limited by barriers related to cultural attitudes and morals; gender is not discussed in the community,\nnor is the economic dependency of girls and women. A strategic partnership with the National Independent\nCommission for Human Rights exists for increased advocacy in GBV prevention and response, and increased\naccess to justice.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[The Migration law recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy freedom of choice of residence and](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html)\nfreedom of movement in Burundi. However, camp-based refugees who have opted for living in camps to\nbenefit from humanitarian assistance are required to obtain an exit permit to move outside the municipality\n(communes) where the camp is located. Exit permits are issued on a case-by-case basis.\n\n\nIn January 2022, Burundi made eight pledges at the Global Refugee Forum, one of which aimed to\nguarantee the freedom of movement for refugees. However, between the end of 2022 and 31 March 2023,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nthe Government of Burundi suspended the issuance of exit permits for refugees living in camps, significantly\nrestricting freedom of movement due to security concerns. During this period, those exceptionally allowed\nto leave the camps for medical and foreign consular appointments were required to be accompanied by\npolice escorts, with associated costs covered by UNHCR\u2019s budget. In March 2023, UNHCR and various\ndonors engaged in policy dialogue to lift restrictions on freedom of movement in refugee camps. As\na result, the Minister of Interior publicly announced the decision to lift these restrictions, although concrete\nimplementation measures were not immediately enacted. Nevertheless, there was a notable shift in\ndiscourse, with both the Minister of Interior and local authorities adopting a supportive stance on refugee\nfreedom within Burundi. This consistent public message emphasized the importance of upholding refugees\u2019\nrights and freedoms in alignment with international standards and commitments.\n\n\nSince then, the issuance of exit permits has remained at the discretion of the authorities, involving a lengthy\nprocess. Advocacy efforts have continued with the Ministry of Interior to establish a transparent and efficient\nprocess for issuing exit permits to refugees. The focus is on ensuring that these permits are accessible to all\nrefugees upon request, with conditions not being subject to the discretion of ONPRA. This approach aims\nto facilitate freedom of movement for refugees.\n\n\nKey also to note is the above restrictions on freedom of movement for in-camp refugees during the above\nperiod have constrained their economic activities to a very confined area often limited to the municipality\nwhere the camp is located, negatively impacting economic opportunities, and increasing dependency of\nrefugees on humanitarian assistance. These measures have also had some impact on refugees\u2019 social\nconnections, affecting social interactions with host communities.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nArticle 66 of the [Migration Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html) stipulates that: \u2018\u2019Refugee jobseekers benefit from preferential treatment\ncompared to other foreigners, as stipulated in the national labour legislation.\u2019\u2019\n\n\n[Article 54 first section of the law No. 01/11 of 24 November 2020, revising decree-law No. 01/037 of July 7,](https://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Burundi-Code-2020-travail.pdf)\n1993, revising [Burundi\u2019s labour code, states that : \u2018\u2019Without prejudice to provisions of the law on asylum and](https://www.africa-laws.org/Burundi/Employment law/D%C3%A9cret loi du 7 juillet 1993 portant r%C3%A9vision du Code du travail.pdf)\nrefugee protection and the principles of reciprocity, no foreigner or national of a member of the EAC may\nengage in any activity without being in possession of a work permit or special authorization, as the case\nmay be.\u201d\n\n\nRegarding liberal profession, Article 67 of the Migration Law specifies that: \u201cThe refugee shall benefit, for the\nexercise of a given liberal professional activity, from preferential treatment comparable to that of a foreigner\nwho is a national of the country or Community which has concluded a more favorable convention or\nmemorandum of understanding with Burundi.\u201d\n\n\nAll these legal provisions recognize pa preferential treatment for refugees in terms of work, but in practice,\nrefugees must first obtain a work permit like any other foreigner. However, the refugee needs in need of\nobtaining the work permit can seek assistance from ONPRA. To apply for a work permit, refugees must send\nan application to the General Inspector of Labor and Social Security along with required documents (an\napplication letter for the job, a copy of refugee ID card, two passport photos, copies of the latest diplomas,\nor of an equivalence of diplomas by the Burundian Diploma Equivalence Commission and other relevant\ndocuments such as training certificates). A commission at the Ministry of Public Service and Labor reviews\napplications weekly and approves eligible ones. Once granted, the work permit is issued free of charge. The\nwork permit validity is linked to the specific job for which an application was made. In case of a change of\njob, a new work permit application must be made.\n\n\nThere is no data on the number of refugees who have applied for a work permit or have been issued with\na work permit.\n\n\nThe primary obstacle refugees encounter when seeking formal wage-earning employment is not their\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nrefugee status but rather the profound constraints of Burundi\u2019s exceptionally restricted job market, which\nendures a high unemployment rate that afflicts both nationals and refugees.\n\n\nDespite Article 66 of the Migration Law, it should be noted that, in practice, difficulties in accessing certain\nwage-earning employment are still being experienced by refugees because there are no specific support\nmeasures which expressly mention refugees can benefit from work permits. In practice, restrictive measures\nimposed on foreigners or employment of foreigners for the protection of the national labour market can be\napplied to refugees, as the 2020 labour code remains silent on that issue.\n\n\nOn access to self-employment, refugees have the same rights as foreigners to open a business and register\nit in their own name.\n\n\nAdditionally, refugees seeking to participate in cooperative societies in Burundi encounter numerous\nobstacles, primarily due to the National Agency for the Promotion and Regulation of Cooperative Societies\n(ANACOOP) withholding approval. This denial stems from misconstrued interpretations of specific stipulations\n[within the 1951 Convention, including Article 15 on the right to association. Recognizing this issue, UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10)\nhas actively advocated at the Minister of the Interior and national authorities\u2019 level, resulting in a noteworthy\nadvancement. This advocacy has culminated in ONPRA issuing a formal note to ANACOOP, explicitly\nrequesting that refugees be permitted to establish and join cooperative societies. This development marks\na significant step towards resolving the challenges refugees face in participating in cooperative societies,\naligning with their rights and fostering their socio-economic integration.\n\n\nTo have their foreign education credentials recognized for employment purposes, refugees, like other\nforeigners and nationals, are required to undergo a diploma validation process by the Diploma Equivalence\nCommission. Upon successful validation, the commission issues an equivalence certificate for the presented\ndiploma.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nThe main laws governing housing, land and property are still the [Constitution of Burundi and the](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burundi_2018.pdf?lang=en) [Land Policy](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/BDI/the Land Policy letter 2008)\n[Letter issued in 2008 providing general guidance on the land sector, as additional laws include the Law](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/BDI/the Land Policy letter 2008)\n[No 1/13 of August 2011](https://miparec.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/code-foncier-tr-kir-fr.pdf) revising the land Code of Burundi and some of its implementing texts, including the\none on the certification of rights, inventory and registration of public land. Currently, the government, with\nthe support of UNDP and IOM, is working on establishing a national land policy. Burundi\u2019s urban planning,\nhousing and construction code, provided for by [law No.1/99 of 12 August 2016, complements the land code.](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/Bur179801.pdf)\n\n\n[Article 36 of the Constitution of Burundi stipulates that: \u201cEveryone has the right to own property. No one](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burundi_2018.pdf?lang=en)\nmay be deprived of his or her property except in public interest, in cases and in the manner established by\nlaw, and in payment of fair and prior compensation, or in execution of a judicial decision which has become\nres judicata.\u201d\n\n\nIn the spirit of the [1951 Refugee Convention, the Burundian Land Code upholds property rights as stipulated](https://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10)\nby the Constitution granting foreign individuals and entities equal rights to land transfers and concessions,\nprovided there is reciprocity.\n\n\nWhen it comes to land rights, it\u2019s important to distinguish whether the land belongs to a private individual or\nto the State. If the land is privately owned, the refugee can not only rent but also buy the land or the property.\nHowever, in the case of State-owned land, the refugee can benefit from the transfer of the land in the same\nway as a foreigner, with the possibility of preferential treatment linked to the principle of reciprocity.\n\n\nThe main challenge for refugees lies in their limited financial capacity to purchase housing, land and\nproperty. It is also worth noting that, in the Burundian context, land disputes remain a major cause of\nconflict and can cause tensions with host communities.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nAccording to Article 59 of the [Migration Law, refugees in Burundi are required to adhere to the country\u2019s laws](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html)\nand regulations. This entails obtaining an identity document to access financial services such as opening\naccounts and securing financial loans, like Burundian nationals.\n\n\nArticle 69 of this same law provides that documents or administrative certificates issued to refugees by the\nBurundian authorities are authentic until proven otherwise. According to the law, the refugee identity card\nallows refugees to benefit from the financial services mentioned above. But asylum-seekers with temporary\nresidence permits are not able to open bank accounts. In addition, this law also gives the possibility for\na refugee to have a travel document, for travel outside Burundi but also to access financial and administrative\nservices.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees can open bank accounts and access financial services and mobile money in the same\nway as nationals.\n\n\nHowever, refugees continue to face limited access to microfinance opportunities because they tend not to\nhave property, such as houses, to mortgage as collateral for bank and microfinance institutions to secure\ntheir loans. Refugees hosted in camps face even more constrained access due to limited microfinance\ninstitutions in the whereabouts of the camps.\n\n\nRefugees continue to have access to Burundian driving licenses with their refugee identity cards.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[Article 68 of the Migration Law grants refugees the right to access education and healthcare, as per the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html)\nexisting legal provisions. Nevertheless, the recently introduced [National Education Sector Plan (2022-2030)](https://www.globalpartnership.org/fr/node/document/download?file=document/file/2023-08-plan-sectoriel-education-burundi-2022-2030.pdf)\nstill does not mention refugees, and they are not included in the national education budget. Consequently,\nwhile refugees are not legally excluded from the national education system, the practical implementation of\nthis right, particularly for those hosted in the five camps, remains inconsistent.\n\n\nRefugees living in the five camps access schools at pre-primary, primary and secondary level that follow\nthe curriculum of Democratic Republic of Congo and all related education costs are covered by UNHCR.\nSchools are managed by UNHCR through its education NGO partner (Jesuit Refugee Services- JRS) and\nexaminations are administrated with the support of the DRC Ministry of Education. Currently, 24,272 children\nand youth are enrolled in camp schools: pre-primary 4,702 with a Global Enrolment Rate of 75 per cent\n(2,408 Males 2,294 Females). At primary 12,465 are enrolled with a Global Enrolment Rate standing at 111\nper cent (6,335 Males and 6,130 Female), while 7,105 refugee pupils are enrolled in secondary with a Global\nEnrolment Rate at 72 per cent (3,812 Males and 3,293 Females).\n\n\nOn the other hand, refugees living out of camps are free to enrol in public schools and treated in the same\nway as nationals in terms of school fees, access to examinations and national school documents. As of\nJune 2023, UNHCR Burundi, through JRS, was working with 20 public basic schools in which 2,764 refugee\npupils (1,350 Females and 1,414 Males) were enrolled in the basic cycle (1st- 9th grade) and 394 (196 Females\nand 198 Males) were enrolled in the post-basic cycle (10th \u201313th grade).\n\n\nRegarding tertiary education, 22 camp and urban refugees are enrolled at two national universities, the\nUniversity of Burundi and the Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, paying the same tuition fees as nationals, thanks\nto UNHCR\u2019s advocacy with the Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research. The only difference\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nfor refugee students is the impossibility to access the loan/scholarship scheme that the government grants\nto some nationals.\n\n\nFollowing the announcement by the Ministry of Education of its willingness to include refugees in the\nBurundian education system in July 2022, a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) was created under the\ncoordination of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry. The latter has requested UNHCR to provide\ntechnical assistance in the development of a strategy aimed at including refugees in the national education\nsystem and improving access to education opportunities for returnees. By doing this, the Burundian Ministry\nof Education has taken the steps to integrate refugees into the national education system and improve\naccess to education for returnees.\n\n\nIn February 2023, UNHCR Burundi, with the support of the Regional Bureau\u2019s Education team, launched\na rapid analysis of the situation of refugee education in five camps and meetings with key stakeholders were\nheld to agree on the way forward. The development of the strategy will take place from mid-2023 to mid2024 with the technical support of UNESCO, the International Institute for Educational Planning and under\nthe coordination of the Joint Technical Committee (JTC). A future roadmap that the JTC, in collaboration\nwith UNHCR, may consider developing includes: a strategy to analyse the situation and assess the needs\nof refugees in Burundi, an inclusive education policy and a legal framework, investment in institutional\ncapacity building and in training of teachers and education staff, adaptation of the curriculum and provision\nof language support, and delivery of psychosocial support and health and nutrition services, as first steps.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\n[The Migration Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6537d9574.html) provides for refugees to have access to the healthcare system according to law and\nregulations enforced in this matter. Refugees, like nationals, have access to and pay for State provided\nhealth services at the same rates. However, certain health care services, such as pregnancy-related services\nincluding caesarean sections and care for children under 5 years old, are free for nationals, but not for\nrefugees. Camp based refugees access UNHCR supported health centres at no cost.\n\nThe Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control (MPHAC) and UNHCR have drawn up an MoU on the\nintegration of refugees into the Burundi health system, which is awaiting signature by the Minister of Health.\nThe engagements therein include:\n\n - Integrate health facilities located in camps serving refugees, asylum-seekers and host populations into\nthe national health system through a formal accreditation process.\n\n - Facilitate access for refugees and asylum-seekers to the services provided by public health facilities, in\naccordance with the procedures defined by the two parties.\n\n - Integrate and include, in accordance with MPHAC standards, health facilities in refugee camps and\ntransit centres in the planning of the MPHAC similarly to other state health facilities, in the context of\nuniversal health coverage strategy, performance-based financing (PBF) or any other relevant initiative.\n\n - Support and strengthen human resources in refugee camp health facilities and district hospitals in\nrefugee reception areas.\n\n - Strengthen the referral and counter-referral system of refugee camp health centres.\n\n - Revitalize the health committees and health centre management committees in the refugee camps,\ninvolving both refugees and the host population.\n\n - Mobilize the resources needed to integrate health services in refugee camps into the national health\nsystem (health insurance cards for refugees) and social protection system (for poor refugees).\n\nQuantitative data on refugees accessing state facilities is unavailable in national facilities. Data of refugees\nare included into national health data system, but data are not disaggregated.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe [National Social Protection Policy](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/96353/137689/F159921121/BDI-96353.pdf) adopted in April 2011 and the [law on social protection](http://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Burundi-Loi-2020-12-code-protection-sociale.pdf) passed in 2020\ncontinue to be the legal framework for social protection. The policy refers to the refugee population who\nare among the least resilient due to limited livelihood opportunities. During the review period, a social\nprotection strategy that includes refugees and returnees has been developed to implement the social\nprotection policy. Together with other UN agencies, UNHCR contributes to the social protection strategy.\n\n\n[Through the enactment of the Social Protection Code (Law 1/12)](https://wwwex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/110662/BDI-110662.pdf) in 2020, a comprehensive framework for\ncontributory and non-contributory social protection was established. It emphasized the need for a social\nregistry for targeted interventions. However, the implementation of a unified social registry remains\na pending task, requiring ongoing commitment to fully realize the social protection infrastructure\u2019s potential.\nImplementation of these policies continue to be overseen by the Ministry of National Solidarity, Social\nAffairs, Rights of Human Persons, and Gender, through the Executive Permanent Secretariat of the National\nCommission of Social Protection (SEP-CNPS). Challenges include coordination and budgetary allocation\nissues.\n\n\nIn October 2023, the National Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (ONPRA) in Burundi addressed an official letter to the National Agency for Cooperation and Support to Associations (ANACOOP),\nhighlighting refugees\u2019 legal position within the national legislation and their benefits compared to other\nforeigners in Burundi. This step aimed at upholding the rights of refugees in Burundi and strengthening their\ninclusion into the national system and services including on national social protection.\n\n\nOver the past three years, the Government of Burundi has made significant progress in strengthening\nits safety net system and establishing foundational delivery systems through the World Bank funded\nMerankabandi [National Safety Net Program. This program aims to improve welfare and resilience of specific](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/900951482030099834/pdf/1482030098559-000A10458-PAD-Burundi-SSN-11282016.pdf)\ngroups, including refugees, to reduce poverty and vulnerability through the cash transfer system. While the\nMerankabandi program has worked to establish safety net systems, the Government of Burundi has sought\nover the three last years to transition beyond cash transfers to an integrated social protection system to\nenhance inclusion of the poor and vulnerable.\n\n\nThe Covid-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia crisis have negatively impacted Burundi\u2019s economy,\nincreasing vulnerability for refugees and host communities. To address this, the Burundian government\napproved a Strategy Note in April 2021, focusing on integrating refugees into national social protection\nsystems, enhancing the skills and employability of youth and women in refugee camps, promoting\nentrepreneurship among refugees, and improving social cohesion between refugees and host communities.\n\n\nThrough the Merankabandi project, the Government of Burundi has also reaffirmed and materialized its\ncommitments in line with the Strategy Note by supporting host communities and refugees to integrate\nrefugees and host communities into national social protection systems.\n\n\nThe social protection landscape has been further complicated by the financial instability of informal sector\nworkers and rural dwellers, inadequate formal employment opportunities, high unemployment rates and\nlimited coverage of the Medical Assistance Card for the most vulnerable. Lack of uniformity and integration\nacross programs hinders the efficacy of social protection efforts.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe policy framework for protection of children has remained unchanged. Over the three years, the\nGovernment of Burundi has implemented its [national child protection policy (2020-2024).](https://www.unicef.org/burundi/fr/media/1831/file/4_FR_Protection Enfant_BudgetBrief 2021-2022.pdf)\n\n\nRefugee with special needs continue to have access to care provided by the Government: refugees living\nwith HIV receive antiretrovirals, while refugees with special needs receive vaccines like nationals. Camp\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nbased refugees continue to receive antimalarials from the Government.\n\nHowever, notable disparities persist when compared to Burundian children and women. For example,\nrefugee children under 5 years old do not receive free treatment as nationals do, and pregnant women lack\nsupport for antenatal consultations.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s NGO partner, WeWorld GVC, has played a crucial role in providing essential health services to\nrefugees and asylum-seekers in Burundi, enhancing their well-being through medical check-ups for pregnant\nwomen and full assistance for vulnerable children. Unfortunately, due to budgetary constraints WeWorld\nGVC has been compelled to reduce its activities and services by 30 per cent, leading to critical service gaps.\n\n\nIn response, UNHCR actively advocated for the inclusion of refugees and asylum-seekers in the national\nhealth system, emphasizing the importance of equitable access to quality care. This effort resulted in the\nsigning of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and the Fight Against AIDS\nin October 2023. The Memorandum of Understanding marks a significant milestone in the integration\nof refugees in the national system and reflects the Burundian government\u2019s commitment to supporting\nvulnerable populations. It outlines the framework for cooperation and responsibilities, ensuring a coordinated\napproach to health service delivery. While progress has been made, challenges persist due to the service\nreduction by WeWorld GVC, necessitating swift action. UNHCR remains dedicated to collaborating with\nthe Ministry of Health, government agencies, and new health partners to address these gaps and ensure\nrefugees and asylum-seekers receive the necessary health services.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nImproving gender considerations is crucial for socioeconomic development. Some key sub-dimensions\nwhere such improvements are particularly consequential are:\n\n\n**a.** **Women\u2019s leadership and participation:** Increasing refugee women\u2019s representation in leadership and\n\ndecision-making roles is essential for achieving gender equality and sustainable development.\n**b.** **Engaging refugee women and girls in peace and security processes:** Ensuring women\u2019s active\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nparticipation in peacebuilding and security processes is vital for sustainable peace and security.\n**c.** **Enhancing women\u2019s economic empowerment:** Promoting refugee women\u2019s economic empowerment\n\nthrough equal access to resources and livelihoods opportunities can contribute to poverty reduction\nand economic growth.\n**d.** **Access to health care for refugee women and girls:** Strengthening their access remains key including\n\naccessing sexual and reproductive health services for free.\n\n\nThese sub-dimensions highlight the importance of addressing gender inequalities across various sectors to\nfoster socioeconomic development and create a more equitable and sustainable future.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe sub-dimensions where differences and/or restrictions in refugee characteristics \u2013 age, gender,\nrace, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, statelessness, political opinions, indigenous status,\ndisability, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group \u2013 are most consequential in terms of\nsocioeconomic development remained almost unchanged over the three years and can be summarized as\nfollows:\n\n\n**a.** **Freedom of movement:** restrictions to freedom of movement, particularly from December 2020 to\n\nMarch 2023, and subsequently the challenges to obtain an exit permit for refugees hosted in camps,\ncontinued to impact negatively on their self-reliance and overall social inclusion.\n**b.** **Health care:** the limited access to Government health care services for refugees on the same conditions\n\nas nationals.\n**c.** **Social Protection services:** the continued lack of practical incorporation of elderly refugees into the\n\nemerging national social safety nets.\n**d.** **Wage earning employment and business opportunities:** access to dignified and sustainable livelihoods,\n\nincluding access to microfinance opportunities for starting small-scale businesses, continue to pose\nsignificant challenges for refugees in Burundi. Additionally, there is a lack of clarity on whether refugee\ncooperatives can participate in the Cooperative for Saving and Credit (COOPEC) in Burundi.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **B U R U N D I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d4087b9-972a-4714-b3e2-7f3516fb586e/Burundi%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_272/raw/doc_272_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_272/raw/doc_272_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dcc5d68c8d4edc1e4d5370f14319c37119796bc3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_272/raw/doc_272_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, SO Kakuma, KENYA\n**New Arrivals Registration Trends 2010**\n29-Oct-10\n\n\nAn analysis and projections based on actual persons registered in the UNHCR refugee database (proGres)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Year Month Week Totals per Week|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Breakdown by Country of Origin|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Year|Month|Week|Totals per Week|Totals per Week|Somalia|Congo BR|Congo DR|Djibouti|Eritrea|Ethiopia|Burundi|Rwanda|Sudan|Uganda|Tanzania|Zimbabwe|\n|2010|Jan|4th - 8th|47||41|0|0|0|0|3|3|0|0|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jan|11th - 15th|112||83|0|0|0|1|12|1|0|14|1|0|0|\n|2010|Jan|18th - 22th|108||95|0|0|0|0|10|0|0|2|1|0|0|\n|2010|Jan|25th - 29th|104||99|0|4|0|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|\n|2010|Feb|1st - 5th|86||52|0|7|0|0|12|0|0|6|9|0|0|\n|2010|Feb|8th - 12th|199||147|0|1|0|0|40|0|1|8|2|0|0|\n|2010|Feb|15th - 19th|125||100|0|0|0|0|12|1|0|11|1|0|0|\n|2010|Feb|22th - 26th|199||111|0|0|0|0|33|1|1|52|1|0|0|\n|2010|Mar|1st - 5th|203||57|0|70|0|1|18|21|1|35|0|0|0|\n|2010|Mar|8th - 12th|199||75|0|13|0|0|7|15|0|89|0|0|0|\n|2010|Mar|15th - 19th|189||117|0|34|0|1|9|13|2|13|0|0|0|\n|2010|Mar|22th - 26th|300||62|1|123|0|1|18|2|2|80|11|0|0|\n|2010|Mar|27th - 31th|259||69|4|58|0|0|36|19|0|60|13|0|0|\n|2010|Apr|1st - 2nd|23||2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|21|0|0|0|\n|2010|Apr|5th - 9th|138||64|0|28|0|1|7|5|0|33|0|0|0|\n|2010|Apr|12th - 16th|218||54|0|0|0|0|4|0|0|160|0|0|0|\n|2010|Apr|19th-23rd|414||151|0|18|0|0|14|20|0|210|1|0|0|\n|2010|Apr|26th - 30th|207||136|0|13|0|0|26|11|0|18|3|0|0|\n|2010|May|3rd - 7th|311||105|17|61|0|3|39|2|1|82|1|0|0|\n|2010|May|10th - 14th|224||79|12|50|0|0|15|6|2|60|0|0|0|\n|2010|May|17th - 21st|185||65|0|5|0|0|1|5|0|109|0|0|0|\n|2010|May|24th - 28th|139||57|0|25|0|1|8|41|1|6|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jun|31st May -
4th Jun|89||56|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|33|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jun|
7th - 11th|164||71|0|47|0|0|22|4|0|20|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jun|14th - 18th|252||127|0|13|0|1|11|0|0|94|6|0|0|\n|2010|Jun|21st - 25th|238||79|0|44|0|1|1|7|7|99|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jun|28th - 30th|269||72|0|65|0|0|17|14|1|100|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jul|1st-2nd|71||34|0|0|0|0|1|0|4|32|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jul|5th - 9th|319||65|0|138|0|0|5|0|1|110|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jul|12th - 16th|537||64|0|78|0|2|4|22|2|365|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jul|19th-23rd|304||63|0|100|0|1|9|4|1|126|0|0|0|\n|2010|Jul|26th - 30th|193||37|0|11|0|1|5|2|0|136|1|0|0|\n|2010|Aug|2nd -6th|189||64|0|85|0|0|3|1|2|33|1|0|0|\n|2010|Aug|9th - 13th|212||51|0|0|0|0|22|10|0|129|0|0|0|\n|2010|Aug|16th - 20th|197||58|0|15|0|0|7|5|0|106|6|0|0|\n|2010|Aug|23rd - 27th|185||37|0|69|0|1|6|4|0|65|3|0|0|\n|2010|Aug|30th - 31st|181||18|0|76|0|0|17|0|0|70|0|0|0|\n|2010|Sep|1st - 3rd|141||17|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|123|1|0|0|\n|2010|Sep|6th - 10th|261||43|0|1|0|0|5|8|1|203|0|0|0|\n|2010|Sep|13th - 17th|244||20|0|9|0|0|0|1|0|214|0|0|0|\n|2010|Sep|20th - 24th|221||48|0|33|0|0|9|3|0|128|0|0|0|\n|2010|Sep|27th - 30th|239||67|0|40|0|0|19|7|0|102|4|0|0|\n|2010|Oct|1st|4||1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|3|0|0|0|\n|2010|Oct|4th - 8th|267||36|0|45|0|1|8|2|0|175|0|0|0|\n|2010|Oct|11th - 15th|261||64|0|38|0|6|6|5|0|142|0|0|0|\n|2010|Oct|18th - 22nd|179||58|0|19|0|0|5|7|0|90|0|0|0|\n|2010|Oct|25th - 29th|260||28|0|24|0|1|11|0|1|195|0|0|0|\n|**TOTAL Registered in 2010***|**TOTAL Registered in 2010***|**TOTAL Registered in 2010***|9,466||3,099|34|1,460|0|24|517|273|31|3,962|66|0|0|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR refugee database", - "confidence": 0.9898440837860107, - "start": 27, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "proGres", - "confidence": 0.9643112421035767, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9513554573059082, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9112515449523926, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6697970628738403, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "actual persons", - "confidence": 0.7458963394165039, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TOTAL Registered in 2010", - "confidence": 0.8556256890296936, - "start": 1882, - "end": 1886 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9976430535316467, - "start": 1808, - "end": 1809 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/31a05ba2-e340-3ca8-bee4-2c79728d95c1/C621BE09C8A043DCC12577CF004C0FC6-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_273/raw/doc_273_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_273/raw/doc_273_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c672b907db00668a0183fb5ce898eacd2cb05eaf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_273/raw/doc_273_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Summary Report: Light Review of the new Cash Coordination Model**\n\n**Introduction**\nIn early 2022, the Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC) endorsed a new model for cash\ncoordination with the goal of ensuring predictable, accountable, and timely coordination of cash\nassistance that is adaptable and built on the principles of localisation and accountability. Key features\nof the new model include.\n\n`o` The Inter-Sector/Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (IS/ICCG), under the existing chair (OCHA for\nIASC/mixed coordination or UNHCR for refugee coordination arrangements), is responsible for\noverall cash coordination.\n\n`o` Establishing and/or formalising the Cash Working Group (CWG), to report to the IS/ICCG. CWGs\nin IASC/mixed settings would have non-programmatic and programmatic co-chairs.\n\n`o` Establishing a global Cash Advisory Group (CAG) [1] to support country level cash coordination\ntechnically and in terms of capacity building. [2]\n\nAs of April 2024, 36 contexts had transitioned to the new model (24 IASC/Mixed settings/12 refugee),\nwith just a few IASC/mixed pending. A light review of the transition was conducted in summer 2024 to\nassess what has been effective and what key challenges remain, with key findings presented herewith.\n\n**Summary of Key Findings**\n\n**Overall**, it is still too soon to judge the transition and success of the new model. Despite a slow start in\nmany contexts, things have improved over the past two years and there is momentum behind a number\nof active workstreams. [3] That said, a significant amount of work is still required over the coming years,\nparticularly in IASC/mixed settings, where adequately resourcing the new model and effectively\npromoting local engagement and leadership represent the main challenges. Efforts are also needed at\nfield, regional and global level to untangle the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders and\ndevelop strategic working relationships; to strengthen approaches to capacity building and ensure all\nrelevant partners throughout the system have the skills and knowledge they need; and for the CAG to\nenhance its relationship with the field. Notably, the standards and guidance issued thus far by the CAG\nhave been well received and contributed to more consistent approaches to cash coordination. The\nbelow sections will go through each of these topics in more detail.\n\nOver the course of the transition efforts have been made to advance **localisation** commitments mainly\nthrough local actor representation on the CAG and as CWG co-chairs. This has brought a welcome\nincrease in focus to the issue overall, with 83% of CWGs in refugee settings now having a local cochair. UNHCR\u2019s considerable cash programming and coordination experience was identified as an\nimportant contributing factor to this achievement. Effectively promoting sustainable local engagement\nand leadership has been more challenging in IASC/mixed settings, and for the CAG itself. Some of the\nmain barriers for local actors include a lack of funding, technical capacity and experience in\nimplementing cash programming. [4] Also, a need to ensure local actors feel confident in raising their\nvoice amongst international partners. That said, the CAG has recently launched a Local Leadership\nInitiative to identify sustainable arrangements for CWG co-leadership and is planning to increase the\nnumber of local observers to the forum itself.\n\nThe issue of **resourcing** was another major focus for the review. In terms of the CAG, a resourcing\ntask team has been established with the global Donor Cash Forum [5] which has contributed to a draft\nresourcing strategy. The recruitment of a dedicated, UNHCR-funded, Inter-Agency Cash Based\nIntervention Officer has also provided a significant boost. However, this is the only dedicated resource\nfor the CAG, with all other members participating alongside other responsibilities and contributing from\n\n\n1 Original composition included: Co-chairs: OCHA and UNHCR; Members: WFP, UNICEF, IOM, Plan International, CCD,\nInternational Federation of the Red Cross/Crescent (IFRC), Kenyan Red Cross (KRC)/British Red Cross, Common Cash\nDelivery (CCD) representative, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Cash and Learning Partnership (CALP), MA\u2019AN Development\nCentre \u2013 Occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt), Dhaka Ahsania Mission \u2013 Bangladesh: Observers (2): Alliance for Empowering\nPartnership (A4EP), CashCap\n[2 Full ToR here: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group-terms-reference-2022](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group-terms-reference-2022)\n3 Localisation, resourcing, communications, capacity building and the QCCF\n4 Local Engagement Online Survey, Zebs, March 2024\n5 Canada, DG ECHO, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the US (BHA and BPRM)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9bd15afd-3cf2-408b-9993-c43103f98b9f/CAG%20Light%20Review%20-%20Summary%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "their own budgets. [6] There was a general view that the CAG needed greater resourcing in terms of\nadditional funding and also commitment from members. In terms of IASC/mixed settings, despite\ninstitutional progress made throughout the transition, many respondents highlighted the urgent need\nfor OCHA to develop a more transparent and predictable approach to resourcing the new model,\nincluding tracking of needs, coverage and gaps, as well as ensuring appropriate funding mechanisms\nto channel resources. [7] Capacity gaps in some places have resulted in additional responsibilities being\nplaced onto already overburdened staff which risks influencing the quality of cash coordination as well\nas the humanitarian communities\u2019 confidence in OCHA to effectively lead cash coordination. In refugee\nsettings, UNHCR has continued to prioritise cash coordination as an institutional focus building on years\nof experience, using a multi-functional team approach which means coordination functions are also\nsupported by other specialist capacities. One particular issue of relevance for both contexts was the\nneed to deploy senior, experienced coordinators in times of crisis to ensure effective cash coordination.\n\nThe **roles and responsibilities** of the Global Cash Working Group (now Global Cash Forum) were\nquestioned in light of the CAG creation. Views differed on the utility of Regional CWGs, however, who\nsome respondents felt offered opportunities for information sharing and learning exchange; a platform\nfor smaller actors, including national actors, to have a voice; and support to countries not covered by\nthe transition. There were mixed experiences from respondents on the relationship between CWG cochairs in IASC/mixed settings **.** The role of OCHA as non-programmatic co-chair was noted as a positive\nstep for ensuring objective coordination; providing a platform for smaller actors; ensuring links to the\nICCG; and ensuring effective coordination in times of emergency when programmatic actors often need\nto focus on delivery of support. However, this has not been the case in all contexts, and some have\nbeen particularly problematic in terms of establishing complementary roles with shared responsibilities\nbased on the one, global CWG co-chair ToR. [8] Some also noted that at least some degree of cash\nexpertise was required for the non-programmatic role, otherwise it places a heavy burden on the\nprogrammatic co-chair. In general, the new model was seen to have strengthened relations between\nCWGs and the IS/ICCG in a number of contexts although engagement with individual sectors/clusters\nremains challenging, often linked to issues around perceptions/understandings and political will.\n\n**Communication** from the CAG to external stakeholders has been limited which has played into some\nof the confusion mentioned above regarding the role/relationships with Regional CWGs,\nsectors/clusters, and between co-chairs. In some contexts, it also contributed to misunderstandings\nregarding CAG-issued tools and guidance, including whether these were to be adapted to the local\ncontext or implemented as written. That said, the CAG has recently developed a communications\nstrategy to address some of these issues. In terms of internal communication, OCHA has established\nTeams and Skype groups to connect staff and efforts were also made at the beginning of the transition\nto communicate the new model and OCHA\u2019s responsibilities within this. UNHCR also launched a\ncomprehensive communications campaign at the outset which notably included engagement from\nsenior management and the Deputy High Commissioner. There was also a deliberate focus on ensuring\nfield-based staff were fully aware and knew their roles and responsibilities through regular calls with\nCWGs, a specific Q&A, e-learning, IM tools and webinars.\n\nThe CAG has thus far not engaged in **capacity building** but is in the process of developing a cash\ncoordination toolkit to be used by CWGs. There is a significant demand from the field for more support\non this, particularly in regard to IASC/mixed contexts. In refugee settings, UNHCR have been delivering\nand coordinating cash programming for some years although still built on this further to aid the transition\nthrough additional training to regional and national staff, directly to CWGs - including local actors - and\nfield support missions. OCHA has also been rolling out an extensive training programme to increase\nawareness and understanding of cash coordination for staff at various levels, not just cash coordinators.\nThat said, key issues noted by respondents include the fact that there are multiple approaches to\ntraining occurring in parallel and what this means for standardisation and consistency. Also, how it can\nbe ensured that non-UN co-chairs are capacitated to an appropriate standard and that capacity building\ngoes beyond the technical aspects of cash and also includes a focus on leadership, coordination skills\n\n\n6 For example, KPI framework development: OCHA; QCCF and LLI: UNHCR + Additional funding from Cashcap; Capacity\nbuilding: IOM; Light review: UNICEF; IM support: UNHCR\n7 Challenge mainly seems to revolve around OCHA operating on a core budget with limited ability to accept project funding or\nearmarked funds. Long-term funding commitments are therefore required from donors, whether it be at global or field level, to\nincrease the core budget. That said, even if this was to take place, funding for cash coordination would need to be prioritised\nagainst OCHA\u2019s other commitments, which is particularly difficult at this time given global humanitarian budget reductions.\n8 To note there is one global ToR for CWG co-chairs, with shared responsibilities developed from here.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9bd15afd-3cf2-408b-9993-c43103f98b9f/CAG%20Light%20Review%20-%20Summary%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and understanding the broader humanitarian architecture. Particularly given the cross-sectoral/cluster\nnature of cash, and ownership at the IS/ICCG level of CWGs, more emphasis should also be given to\nbuilding capacity for all relevant aspects of the system, up to and including the HCT and RC/HC.\n\nSetting **standards and guidance** is one of the key roles of the CAG and there was a consistent view\nacross respondents on the value of the CWG ToR, [9] Co-chair ToR, [10] and the Programmatic Co-chair\nElection Guidance. [11] During the process of the review, the IASC Guidance on Multipurpose Cash\nSection and Cash and Voucher Assistance Overview in Humanitarian Needs and Response Plans was\nalso released. [12] Furthermore, a Quality Cash Coordination Framework - scheduled to be rolled out in\nAutumn 2024 - will also track key performance indicators so that CWGs can self-evaluate and access\nguidance. Despite the positive feedback, there was also a general view that the focus for the short-term\nshould be on ensuring the full and effective rollout of current documents, including relevant\ncontextualisation and adaptation, with a focus on the new MPC guidance, rather than issuing anything\nnew.\n\n**Summary recommendations:**\n\n - Adopting a flexible approach to localisation with an emphasis on ensuring dedicated resources,\nincluding the possibility of augmenting OCHA Country Based Pooled Funds, and capacity\nbuilding which not only focuses on the technical aspects of cash programming but also on\nleadership and the broader architecture in which CWGs sit and operate.\n\n - Considering whether local actors can be supported to co-chair sub-national CWGs, specific\ntask forces, or play an elevated role in-line with their skills.\n\n - Approving the new resourcing strategy as a matter of urgency plus OCHA to clarify resource\nneeds and practical mechanisms to receive support.\n\n - Establishing a proactive system for the management of vacancies by OCHA and the CAG for\nIASC/mixed settings that enables forecastable funding contributions. If resources cannot be\nfound to resource the structure proposed by the model \u2013 consider whether a more flexible,\ntemporary approach be adopted.\n\n - CAG and global/regional CWGs to assess complementarities and develop strategic relations.\n\n - Strategic approach also needed regarding sub-national CWGs and the extent to which they fall\nunder the transition plan and receive support from the CAG, particularly as these offer an entry\npoint to advance localisation efforts.\n\n - Based on its ToR, the CAG should consider a more proactive approach to two-way\ncommunication, particularly in IASC/mixed settings, which clarifies in a concise way exactly\nwhat it is and what its offer is, be it to the IS/ICCG, sectors/clusters, RCWGs, and especially\nCWGs.\n\n - Finalise and rollout CAG cash coordination toolkit as soon as possible and ensure mandatory\ncompletion by all co-chairs. As much as feasible, consider conducting training in person to aid\nrelationship building.\n\n - Target capacity building at all relevant levels of the system, from CWGs, agency middle/senior\nmanagement, HCT, RC/HC, IS/ICCG, etc to ensure political buy-in and facilitate crosssectoral/cluster coordination. Also, focus on capacity and deployment mechanisms for senior,\nemergency coordinators.\n\n - Ensure new MPC guidance is effectively rolled out with accompanying support where needed\nand over the next 6-12 months begin development of new standards and guidance tools with a\npossible priority given to sectoral/cluster cash.\n\n\n[9 Available here: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-global-cash-advisory-group-cash-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-global-cash-advisory-group-cash-working-group-terms-reference)\n[working-group-terms-reference](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-global-cash-advisory-group-cash-working-group-terms-reference)\n[10 Available here: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-cash-working-group-cwg-co-chair-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-cash-working-group-cwg-co-chair-terms-reference-tor)\n[terms-reference-tor](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/draft-cash-working-group-cwg-co-chair-terms-reference-tor)\n[11 Available here: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/cash-working-group-cwg-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/cash-working-group-cwg-programmatic-co-chair-election-guidance)\n[programmatic-co-chair-election-guidance](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/cash-working-group-cwg-programmatic-co-chair-election-guidance)\n[12 Available here: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/iasc-guidance-multipurpose-cash-mpc-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/iasc-guidance-multipurpose-cash-mpc-section-and-cash-and-voucher-assistance-cva-overview)\n[section-and-cash-and-voucher-assistance-cva-overview](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/global-cash-advisory-group/iasc-guidance-multipurpose-cash-mpc-section-and-cash-and-voucher-assistance-cva-overview)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9bd15afd-3cf2-408b-9993-c43103f98b9f/CAG%20Light%20Review%20-%20Summary%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_274/raw/doc_274_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_274/raw/doc_274_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dc4f69a30bd245446a6c9297b47b74e4b36a07b1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_274/raw/doc_274_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **URGENCE AU SOUDAN**\n### PLAN DE REPONSE R \u00c9 GIONAL POUR LES R \u00c9 FUGI \u00c9 S\n##### **Janvier-D\u00e9cembre 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Vue d'ensemble**\n## **Plan de r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionale**\n##### Janvier-D\u00e9cembre 2025\n\n\n### **3.9 M**\n###### R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s [1]\n\n\n### **33.2 K**\n###### Return\u00e9es [2]\n\n\n### **4 K**\n\nRessortissants de\n\npays tiers [3]\n\n\n### **883.2 K**\n\nCommunaut\u00e9\n\nd'accueil\n\n\n##### **Montant total de la planification**\n\n(r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, retourn\u00e9s, ressortissants de pays tiers\net pays d'accueil)\n\n\n**USD**\n##### **1.8 milliards** Total des besoins financiers\n\n\n### **4.8 M**\n\n##### **111** Partenaires du RRP\n\n\n\n1 _Ce chiffre comprend les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d'autres nationalit\u00e9s qui ont fui le Soudan qui \u00e9taient accueillis par le Soudan. Il comprend_\n_\u00e9galement quelque 800 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais qui \u00e9taient accueillis en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, au Tchad, en Libye, en \u00c9gypte, en \u00c9thiopie, au_\n_Soudan du Sud et en Ouganda avant le 15 avril 2023._\n2 _Ce chiffre ne comprend que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rapatri\u00e9s en \u00c9thiopie et en RCA (les rapatri\u00e9s au Soudan du Sud et au Tchad sont inclus dans les PRH_\n_des pays). 301 700 rapatri\u00e9s au Tchad (2024 et 2025) ne sont pas inclus dans ce PRR et font partie du PRH du Tchad. 461 000 rapatri\u00e9s au Soudan_\n_du Sud (2024 et 2025) ne sont pas inclus dans ce PRR et font partie du PRH du Soudan du Sud. Il est pr\u00e9vu d'arriver en \u00c9thiopie 20 000 migrants_\n_\u00e9thiopiens de retour et 1 000 ressortissants de pays tiers qui ne sont pas non plus inclus dans ce PRR. Ils sont refl\u00e9t\u00e9s dans l'aper\u00e7u de la r\u00e9ponse_\n_de l'OIM \u00e0 la crise au Soudan et aux pays voisins._\n\n\n3 _Arriv\u00e9e pr\u00e9vue des ressortissants de pays tiers en 2025._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 461 000 retourn\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Soudan du Sud (2024 et 2025) ne sont pas inclus dans le RRP du Soudan et font partie du HRP du Soudan du Sud.\n** 20 000 migrants de retour et 1 000 ressortissants de pays tiers qui devraient arriver en \u00c9thiopie ne sont pas non plus inclus dans le RRP pour le\nSoudan ; ils sont inclus dans l'aper\u00e7u de la r\u00e9ponse de l'OIM \u00e0 la crise soudanaise et aux pays voisins.\n301 700 retourn\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Tchad (2024 et 2025) ne sont pas inclus dans le RRP du Soudan et font partie du HRP du Tchad.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Aper\u00e7u r\u00e9gional**\n\nConsid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la crise de d\u00e9placement la plus\nimportante et la plus dynamique au monde, le conflit qui\na d\u00e9but\u00e9 \u00e0 la mi-avril 2023 au Soudan entre les Forces\narm\u00e9es soudanaises (SAF) et les Forces de soutien\nrapide (RSF) a d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force plus de 12,3 millions de\npersonnes en d\u00e9cembre 2023, soit plus que la\npopulation totale de la Suisse, de New York ou de\nLondres. Plus de 3 millions de personnes ont fui vers la\nR\u00e9publique centrafricaine, le Tchad, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie,\nla Libye, le Soudan du Sud et l'Ouganda, parmi\nlesquelles des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des demandeurs d'asile et des\nrapatri\u00e9s.8.4 millions [[4]](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation) de Soudanais suppl\u00e9mentaires\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du pays. Un Soudanais sur\nquatre est aujourd'hui d\u00e9plac\u00e9 de force. Le Soudan\naccueille aujourd'hui un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 sur seize dans le\nmonde.\n\n\nIl s'agit d'un conflit explosif en constante \u00e9volution,\nmarqu\u00e9 par des d\u00e9placements constants. Parmi les\npoints chauds de l'ann\u00e9e 2024, citons Al Fasher, dans\nl'\u00c9tat du Darfour-Nord, en mai, o\u00f9 jusqu'\u00e0 143 000\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force ; en juillet, plus de\n151 750 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9es de leurs foyers [[5]](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110914), et\nenviron 340 000 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de certaines\nparties de l'\u00c9tat d'Aj Jazirah \u00e0 la suite d'une vague de\nviolences arm\u00e9es et d'attaques dans la r\u00e9gion en\noctobre [[6]](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-armed-violence-aj-jazirah-flash-update-no-04-11-november-2024) .\n\n\nD\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre, le Soudan du Sud a connu une\naugmentation du nombre de personnes ayant besoin de\nprotection et d'assistance, et des dizaines de milliers de\npersonnes ont fui de nouvelles violences dans les zones\nfrontali\u00e8res des \u00c9tats soudanais du Nil Blanc, de Sennar\net du Nil Bleu [[7]](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-raises-alarm-surge-new-arrivals-south-sudan) . Fin d\u00e9cembre, environ 100 000\npersonnes \u00e9taient arriv\u00e9es dans le comt\u00e9 de Renk. Alors\nque les combats se poursuivent, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s arrivent de\nplus en plus loin et deux nouveaux pays, la Libye et\nl'Ouganda, ont rejoint le plan r\u00e9gional d'aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nen juillet 2024.\n\n\n\nL'\u00e9tat d'urgence au Soudan est la pire crise en mati\u00e8re\nde protection des droits humains de ces derni\u00e8res\nann\u00e9es. Les violations g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es et graves de ces\ndroits, notamment les abus et l'exploitation des enfants\nainsi que les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits,\nconstituent un probl\u00e8me particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9vastateur et\nomnipr\u00e9sent. Les femmes, les enfants et les groupes\nvuln\u00e9rables continuent de porter le poids de cette\nviolence, utilis\u00e9e comme une arme de guerre et de\nterreur, et qui inflige des dommages physiques,\n\n\n\npsychologiques et sociaux \u00e0 long terme aux survivants [[8]](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/card/7HJ4oOKcZh/)\n\n\nAu Soudan, des rapports indiquent que la violence\nsexuelle, y compris le viol, l'esclavage sexuel, le mariage\nforc\u00e9 et l'exploitation, continue d'\u00eatre utilis\u00e9e\nsyst\u00e9matiquement par les groupes arm\u00e9s et les factions\nimpliqu\u00e9es dans le conflit, non seulement contre des\nindividus, mais aussi pour d\u00e9stabiliser les communaut\u00e9s,\nbriser le tissu social et d\u00e9placer des populations,\naggravant ainsi la situation actuelle.\n\n\nAu cours du premier semestre 2024, le blocus et\nl'intensification des combats \u00e0 Al Fasher, dans l'\u00c9tat du\nDarfour-Nord, ont retard\u00e9 ou emp\u00each\u00e9 la livraison de\nfournitures commerciales et humanitaires dans les zones\nles plus touch\u00e9es par les besoins critiques. En ao\u00fbt [[9]](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-adre-border-crossing-situation-update-flash-update-no-02-31-august-2024), le\nSoudan \u00e9tait confront\u00e9 \u00e0 ses pires niveaux d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire de son histoire, 26 millions de personnes\nsouffrant de faim aigu\u00eb. La famine a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e le 9\nao\u00fbt et la situation \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement critique pour les\npersonnes prises au pi\u00e8ge dans les zones touch\u00e9es par\nle conflit, en particulier \u00e0 Aj Jazirah, au Darfour, \u00e0\nKhartoum et au Kordofan, ce qui a aggrav\u00e9 une situation\nhumanitaire d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9sastreuse caus\u00e9e par les conflits, les\ngraves violations des droits humains et les destructions.\nLe Soudan est \u00e9galement en proie \u00e0 la pire crise\nalimentaire mondiale. Pr\u00e8s de 5 millions d'enfants et de\nfemmes enceintes ou allaitantes souffrent de malnutrition\naigu\u00eb. Parall\u00e8lement, le pays est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des\nmaladies et \u00e0 des inondations qui exacerbent les\nsouffrances de la population.\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es [10] recueillies en octobre par M\u00e9decins Sans\nFronti\u00e8res (MSF) confirment que les taux de malnutrition\naigu\u00eb restent sup\u00e9rieurs au seuil de la phase de\nclassification int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (phase 5\nde l'IPC) dans le camp de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n(PDI) de Zamzam. Ce qui est tout aussi inqui\u00e9tant, ce\nsont les informations selon lesquelles, \u00e0 partir du 10\noctobre, MSF a \u00e9t\u00e9 contrainte d'interrompre le traitement\nambulatoire de 5 000 enfants souffrant de malnutrition\naigu\u00eb dans le camp de Zamzam, car les livraisons de\nnourriture, de m\u00e9dicaments et d'autres fournitures\nessentielles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9es pendant des mois.\n\n\n\nainsi que les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits, L'acc\u00e8s humanitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 un d\u00e9fi majeur et les zones\nconstituent un probl\u00e8me particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9vastateur et consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme \u00ab s\u00fbres \u00bb changent souvent \u00e0\nomnipr\u00e9sent. Les femmes, les enfants et les groupes mesure que le conflit s'\u00e9tend. Malgr\u00e9 cela, les partenaires\nvuln\u00e9rables continuent de porter le poids de cette humanitaires ont pu intensifier la r\u00e9ponse dans tout le\nviolence, utilis\u00e9e comme une arme de guerre et de pays et apporter une assistance [11] \u00e0 12,6 millions de\nterreur, et qui inflige des dommages physiques, personnes.\n\n\n[4 https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)\n\n\n\n[5 External Update 76 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110914](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110914)\n\n\n6 [https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-armed-violence-aj-jazirah-flash-update-no-04-11-november-2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-armed-violence-aj-jazirah-flash-update-no-04-11-november-2024)\n\n\n[7 https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-raises-alarm-surge-new-arrivals-south-sudan](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-raises-alarm-surge-new-arrivals-south-sudan)\n\n\n[8 https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/card/7HJ4oOKcZh/](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/card/7HJ4oOKcZh/)\n\n[9 https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-adre-border-crossing-situation-update-flash-update-no-02-31-august-2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-adre-border-crossing-situation-update-flash-update-no-02-31-august-2024)\n\n\n[10 https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-1-november-2024-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-1-november-2024-enar)\n\n\n11 [https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-1-november-2024-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-1-november-2024-enar)\n\n\n4\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE POUR LA SITUATION AU SOUDAN \u2013 JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "donn\u00e9es", - "confidence": 0.8427693843841553, - "start": 814, - "end": 815 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "M\u00e9decins Sans\nFronti\u00e8res", - "confidence": 0.6722878217697144, - "start": 822, - "end": 825 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "octobre", - "confidence": 0.5193758606910706, - "start": 820, - "end": 821 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cependant, alors que les conflits, la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de\nl'environnement de protection et le manque d'aide\nhumanitaire en raison des contraintes d'acc\u00e8s seront les\nprincipaux d\u00e9clencheurs de d\u00e9placements, la grave\nsituation de famine au Soudan est d\u00e9sormais\nconsid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un facteur suppl\u00e9mentaire de\nd\u00e9placement. Le territoire du Soudan \u00e9tant divis\u00e9 en\nzones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les Forces arm\u00e9es soudanaises,\nles RSF et d'autres acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques, l'acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire continue de poser un d\u00e9fi op\u00e9rationnel et de\nprotection.\n\n\nLes sept pays accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le cadre du\nPlan r\u00e9gional d'intervention pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Soudan\n(RRP) sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis sp\u00e9cifiques et leurs\ncontextes diff\u00e8rent consid\u00e9rablement les uns des\nautres. Dans l'ensemble, l'acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la nourriture, la\nraret\u00e9 des ressources naturelles, l'acc\u00e8s insuffisant aux\nservices essentiels et aux moyens de subsistance, ainsi\nque l'inflation, ont contribu\u00e9 aux risques de protection.\nDe plus en plus de familles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es dans les pays\nd'asile ont recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation\nn\u00e9fastes pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins fondamentaux.\n\n\nIl s'agit notamment de la vente de biens du m\u00e9nage, de\nla r\u00e9duction de la quantit\u00e9 et de la valeur nutritionnelle\ndes repas, de la mendicit\u00e9 d'enfants et d'autres\npersonnes en situation de mariage forc\u00e9 ou pr\u00e9coce, de\nl'endettement aupr\u00e8s de commer\u00e7ants et de l'abandon\nde l'\u00e9cole pour travailler comme enfant travailleur. Les\nincidents de d\u00e9ni des ressources, de violence conjugale\net d'exploitation sexuelle au sein de la communaut\u00e9\nrestent fr\u00e9quents dans tous les pays touch\u00e9s par les\ncrises.\n\n\nBeaucoup de ces pays sont parmi les plus vuln\u00e9rables\nau climat et les moins \u00e9quip\u00e9s pour s'adapter. Ils sont\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 de graves impacts tels que les\ns\u00e9cheresses r\u00e9currentes en \u00c9thiopie et au Tchad, et les\ninondations d\u00e9vastatrices au Soudan du Sud. Ces\n\u00e9v\u00e9nements exacerbent la raret\u00e9 des ressources,\npourraient exacerber les tensions entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et la\npopulation d'accueil, et entra\u00eener de nouveaux\nd\u00e9placements secondaires. Les inondations r\u00e9currentes\net qui s'aggravent rendent les routes impraticables,\nlimitant ainsi l'acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels.\n\n\nEn outre, les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies sont end\u00e9miques dans les\nzones d'accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des rapatri\u00e9s,\nnotamment le chol\u00e9ra et la rougeole. La pr\u00e9sence de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans certaines zones d'accueil de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pose \u00e9galement des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nLa **R\u00e9publique centrafricaine** a l'un des taux de\npauvret\u00e9 les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s au monde, avec 68 %, et est\nconfront\u00e9e \u00e0 d'importants d\u00e9fis en mati\u00e8re de\nd\u00e9veloppement, ainsi qu'\u00e0 la dynamique des conflits et\ndes d\u00e9placements de population. En d\u00e9cembre 2024,\non d\u00e9nombrait plus de 36 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et rapatri\u00e9s dans\nla pr\u00e9fecture de la Vakaga. Les zones frontali\u00e8res de ce\npays sont \u00e9galement confront\u00e9es \u00e0 d'importantes\ndifficult\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de logistique.\n\n\n12 [https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hdi-by-country](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hdi-by-country)\n\n\n\n**Au Tchad**, plus de 200 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se trouvent toujours\ndans des camps spontan\u00e9s autour d'Adr\u00e9 et d'autres\nzones frontali\u00e8res, attendant d'\u00eatre transport\u00e9s vers des\nsites d'installation o\u00f9 ils pourront b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de services\nde meilleure qualit\u00e9. Avec plus d'un million de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nenregistr\u00e9s, le Tchad se classe au septi\u00e8me rang\nmondial pour l'accueil de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Avant le conflit, on\nd\u00e9nombrait 400 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans l'est du Tchad ; en\nd\u00e9cembre 2024, ce chiffre avait grimp\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 723\n000, avec l'arriv\u00e9e de nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces\nd\u00e9placements posent des d\u00e9fis complexes en mati\u00e8re\nd'aide humanitaire, de d\u00e9veloppement et de paix, et\nn\u00e9cessitent des interventions dans ces domaines, la\ncr\u00e9ation de nouveaux sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s faisant partie des\npriorit\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe **Soudan du Sud** est l'un des pays les plus pauvres du\nmonde, accueillant pr\u00e8s de 934 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et rapatri\u00e9s\nen d\u00e9cembre 2023. Le conflit au Soudan a eu un impact\ncatastrophique, perturbant le commerce et entra\u00eenant\nune hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires et des\ncarburants. Cette flamb\u00e9e des prix exacerbe les risques\nde protection et les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des femmes et des\nenfants, et met encore plus \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve l'acc\u00e8s aux\nbiens et services essentiels. Il a \u00e9galement aggrav\u00e9\nl'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, les m\u00e9canismes d'adaptation\nn\u00e9fastes pour les enfants et les femmes, ainsi que les\nbesoins humanitaires des communaut\u00e9s de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\nd'accueil. Le changement climatique constitue une\nmenace suppl\u00e9mentaire pour le Soudan du Sud, o\u00f9 les\ninondations sont un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9gulier. En 2024, une\n\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra s'est propag\u00e9e au Soudan du Sud,\no\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9e par les effets des inondations, de\nla surpopulation et du sous-financement dans les zones\nd'accueil et de transit.\n\n\nBien qu'ils se situent dans la cat\u00e9gorie de d\u00e9veloppement\nla plus basse [[12]](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hdi-by-country), classant le Soudan du Sud, la\nR\u00e9publique centrafricaine et le Tchad parmi les 10 pays\nles moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s au monde, tous trois ont continu\u00e9\n\u00e0 garder leurs fronti\u00e8res ouvertes et \u00e0 accueillir des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des rapatri\u00e9s fuyant les conflits au Soudan.\n\n\n**En \u00c9thiopie**, pr\u00e8s de 68 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et rapatri\u00e9s sont\narriv\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions d'Amhara et de BenishangulGumuz en d\u00e9cembre 2023. Conform\u00e9ment aux\nengagements pris lors du Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nde 2023 et \u00e0 l'approche makatet (\u00ab \u00eatre inclus \u00bb) qui\nconsiste \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux programmes et\nsyst\u00e8mes nationaux existants ainsi qu'aux\n\u00e9tablissements humains, les autorit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales\nBenishangul-Gumuz et Amhara, le Service\ngouvernemental des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des rapatri\u00e9s (RRS) et\nles partenaires du RRP d\u00e9veloppent des installations\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9es, Ura et Aftit, dans les deux r\u00e9gions pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement arriv\u00e9s. Ces installations leur\npermettront d'avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des documents et \u00e0 des\nservices nationaux, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s\nd'accueil. L'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 localis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion d'Amhara\nen 2024 a entra\u00een\u00e9 la fermeture de deux camps de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le d\u00e9placement de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers un nouveau\nsite (Aftit) et des restrictions de mouvement pour les\ntravailleurs humanitaires.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE POUR LA SITUATION AU SOUDAN \u2013 JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Alors que l' **Ouganda** a d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 des urgences sanitaires simultan\u00e9es, notamment le chol\u00e9ra parmi les nouveaux\narrivants et une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de variole simienne \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle nationale en 2024, sa politique g\u00e9n\u00e9reuse \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\n\u00e9tay\u00e9e par la loi sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2006 et le r\u00e8glement d'application de 2010, garantit aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des droits essentiels,\nnotamment la libert\u00e9 de mouvement, l'emploi et l'acc\u00e8s aux services nationaux. C'est le sixi\u00e8me plus grand pays d'accueil\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale. Cette approche progressiste, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le Plan national de\nd\u00e9veloppement III de l'Ouganda et \u00e0 la d\u00e9livrance de documents de voyage conformes aux normes de l'OACI, permet aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ougandais et aux investisseurs de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d'opportunit\u00e9s dans le pays et dans les pays tiers. Les partenaires\ndu RRP et d'autres parties prenantes r\u00e9pondent aux besoins des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u2013 pr\u00e8s de 62 000 venant du Soudan en d\u00e9cembre\n\n - et des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil, y compris dans et autour du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Kiryandongo ainsi que dans la ville de\nKampala.\n\nLa **Libye** et l' **\u00c9gypte**, \u00e9galement touch\u00e9es par la crise soudanaise, sont toutes deux class\u00e9es comme \u00ab pays \u00e0 revenu\ninterm\u00e9diaire \u00bb par la Banque mondiale. En Libye, environ 39 % des 210 000 nouveaux arrivants en d\u00e9cembre 2024 \u00e9taient\ndes femmes et des enfants. Le nombre croissant d'arriv\u00e9es en Libye, avec de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivant dans des\ncampements informels et des abris de fortune, qui ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d'hygi\u00e8ne de base, reste\nun d\u00e9fi. L'acc\u00e8s aux zones frontali\u00e8res s'est am\u00e9lior\u00e9, mais il reste difficile. On estime \u00e0 803 000 le nombre de personnes,\ndont des Libyens d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des demandeurs d'asile, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des migrants, qui ont besoin d'une aide humanitaire.\nDe nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ne sont toujours pas enregistr\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de graves risques, notamment l'exploitation\net la m\u00e9connaissance de leurs droits fondamentaux.\n\nL' **\u00c9gypte** a une longue tradition d'accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des demandeurs d'asile. Selon les donn\u00e9es du HCR, l'\u00c9gypte a\nenregistr\u00e9 le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand nombre de nouvelles demandes d'asile au monde au cours du premier semestre 2024.\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2024, le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien estimait \u00e0 1,2 million le nombre de nouvelles arriv\u00e9es en \u00c9gypte depuis le\nd\u00e9but du conflit au Soudan. L'un des principaux d\u00e9fis est le temps n\u00e9cessaire aux Soudanais pour obtenir des documents\nde r\u00e9sidence valides d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par le gouvernement \u2013 en moyenne 800 jours \u2013 ce qui a un impact sur leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 acc\u00e9der\naux services de protection et \u00e0 l'assistance de base.\n\nEn **Libye**, environ 39 % des 210 000 nouveaux arrivants en d\u00e9cembre 2024 \u00e9taient des femmes et des enfants. Le nombre\ncroissant d'arriv\u00e9es en Libye, avec de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivant dans des campements informels et des abris de fortune\nqui ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d'hygi\u00e8ne de base, repr\u00e9sente toujours un d\u00e9fi. L'acc\u00e8s aux zones\nfrontali\u00e8res s'est am\u00e9lior\u00e9, mais il reste difficile. On estime \u00e0 803 000 [[13]](https://data.unhcr.org/ar/country/lby) le nombre de personnes, parmi lesquelles des\nLibyens d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des demandeurs d'asile, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des migrants, qui ont besoin d'une aide humanitaire. De\nnombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ne sont toujours pas enregistr\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de graves risques, notamment l'exploitation et la\nm\u00e9connaissance de leurs droits fondamentaux.\n\nL' **\u00c9gypte** a une longue tradition d'accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des demandeurs d'asile. Selon les donn\u00e9es du HCR, l'\u00c9gypte a\nenregistr\u00e9 le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand nombre de nouvelles demandes d'asile au monde au cours du premier semestre 2024.\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2024, le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il y avait eu 1,2 million de nouvelles arriv\u00e9es en \u00c9gypte depuis\nle d\u00e9but du conflit au Soudan. L'un des principaux d\u00e9fis auxquels ils sont confront\u00e9s est le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour obtenir\ndes documents de r\u00e9sidence valides d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par le gouvernement \u2013 en moyenne 800 jours \u2013 ce qui a un impact sur leur\ncapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux services de protection et \u00e0 l'assistance de base.\n\nLe RRP 2025 pour l'urgence soudanaise couvre une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois, de janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre, et s'appuie sur la r\u00e9ponse\nau titre du RRP 2024. Le plan servira \u00e0 5 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de rapatri\u00e9s, de ressortissants de pays tiers et de\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil (contre 3,3 millions pr\u00e9vus en 2024). Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, il comprend les groupes de population\nsuivants :\n\n - Environ 800 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais pr\u00e9sents dans les pays d'accueil avant avril 2023 ;\n\n - Des populations d'accueil qui vivent \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les sept pays, ce qui t\u00e9moigne d'une approche\nglobale et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e.\n\n - Un million de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais suppl\u00e9mentaires devraient arriver en 2025, ce qui porte le chiffre total de la\nplanification d\u00e9mographique \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 5 millions de personnes dans le besoin (dont 880 000 membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 d'accueil).\n\n - Un petit nombre de ressortissants de pays tiers arrivant au Tchad, en Libye et au Sud-Soudan.\n\n - Les chiffres relatifs aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont cumulatifs, tandis que les chiffres relatifs aux ressortissants de pays tiers ne\ntiennent compte que des personnes dont l'arriv\u00e9e est pr\u00e9vue en 2025. Les chiffres relatifs aux rapatri\u00e9s pour l'\u00c9thiopie\net la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine comprennent les chiffres pour 2024 et ceux pr\u00e9vus pour 2025.\n\n\u00c0 noter :\n\n - Au Sud-Soudan, tous les rapatri\u00e9s restent couverts par le plan de r\u00e9ponse aux besoins humanitaires du Sud-Soudan\npour 2025.\n\n - - Les migrants de retour en Ethiopie font l'objet d'un plan distinct de l'OIM, et au Tchad, les migrants de retour font\nl'objet du plan de r\u00e9ponse aux besoins humanitaires de 2025.\n\n\n_13_ _[https://data.unhcr.org/ar/country/lby](https://data.unhcr.org/ar/country/lby)_\n\n\n6\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE POUR LA SITUATION AU SOUDAN \u2013 JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n\nLe RRP 2025 continue de mettre l'accent sur la programmation de la r\u00e9silience et l'engagement des acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement\ndans la r\u00e9ponse. Le d\u00e9veloppement d'installations int\u00e9gr\u00e9es en \u00c9thiopie, dans l'est du Tchad et au Soudan du Sud, la\nlocalisation, y compris le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et de la r\u00e9silience des partenaires, sont des priorit\u00e9s cl\u00e9s en 2025.\n\nAu total, 111 partenaires du RRP ont besoin de 1,8 milliard d'USD pour aider ces populations. Toutefois, comme la situation\nreste fluide, le RRP peut \u00eatre r\u00e9vis\u00e9 si n\u00e9cessaire et la r\u00e9ponse inter-agences adapt\u00e9e en fonction de l'\u00e9volution du contexte\net des besoins.\n\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE POUR LA SITUATION AU SOUDAN \u2013 JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine** Chapitre pays\n\nDes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais ayant\nfui Nyala se rendent \u00e0 l\u2019espace\ns\u00fbr de Birao, en R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine. Cet espace offre\nun soutien psychosocial et des\nconseils sur les traumatismes\naux femmes et aux enfants.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**EN R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n### **Plan de R\u00e9ponse pour la RCA**\n##### Janvier-D\u00e9cembre 2025 **50 K 2.4 K 27.9 K**\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s Rapatri\u00e9s Communaut\u00e9\n\nd'accueil\n\n\n\n**USD**\n##### **76.4 M**\n\nTotal besoins\n\nfinanciers\n\n\n##### **10**\n\nPartenaires du\nRRP\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE POUR LA SITUATION AU SOUDAN \u2013 JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**Chiffres de la planification**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Population r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e|482|30,000|20,000|50,000|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Rapatri\u00e9s||1,457|1,000|2,457***|\n|Ressortissants de pays tiers|||||\n|Communaut\u00e9 d'accueil||||27,900|\n\n\nPopulation totale projet\u00e9e dans le besoin **80,357**\n\n_*Ce chiffre est inclus dans le total cumul\u00e9 de 2024._\n_** Ce chiffre comprend les arriv\u00e9es effectives en septembre 2024 et les arriv\u00e9es pr\u00e9vues d'octobre \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2024._\n_*** 2 457 retourn\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine est un chiffre cumul\u00e9 pour 2024-2025_\n\n**R\u00e9partition par \u00e2ge et par sexe**\n\n\n\nHomme Femme\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n\n\n50-59\n\n\n25-49\n\n\n18-24\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n\n**16%**\n\n\nPersonnes vuln\u00e9rables\n\n\n**53%**\n\n\nFemmes et filles\n\n\n**47%**\n\n\nHommes et gar\u00e7ons\n\n\n**55%**\n\nEnfants\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**Partie 1: Situation**\n\n**Aper\u00e7u de la situation**\n\n\nLes crises politiques et s\u00e9curitaires \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition en\nR\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA) ont affect\u00e9 le pays.\ndepuis la signature de l'Accord politique pour la paix et la\nr\u00e9conciliation entre le gouvernement et 14 groupes arm\u00e9s\nen f\u00e9vrier 2019, le gouvernement s'efforce de r\u00e9tablir\nl'autorit\u00e9 de l'\u00c9tat et de renforcer l'unit\u00e9 nationale. Les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains r\u00e9sidant dans les pays voisins\nrentrent progressivement chez eux, en particulier dans des\nzones stables. N\u00e9anmoins, le contexte reste difficile dans\nle pays, car certaines zones sont encore touch\u00e9es par les\nactivit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s. L'environnement de\nprotection de la RCA reste fragile, laissant les groupes\nvuln\u00e9rables tels que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les enfants, les femmes\net les personnes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques (handicap,\netc.) expos\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque accru.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis, la RCA offre une protection juridique aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu de sa loi de 2007, qui comprend la\nd\u00e9livrance de documents d'identit\u00e9 et de voyage. En 2023,\nle gouvernement a accord\u00e9 une reconnaissance prima\nfacie aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais. Les partenaires du RRP\ntravaillent avec le gouvernement pour garantir l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl'asile, \u00e0 l'assistance et aux solutions, et pour maintenir le\ncaract\u00e8re civil des camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\nLe conflit de 2023 au Soudan a provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\nforc\u00e9 d'environ 30 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais vers la RCA,\nainsi que le retour de plus de 6 200 ressortissants\ncentrafricains qui avaient auparavant trouv\u00e9 refuge au\nSoudan. La plupart se sont install\u00e9s dans la pr\u00e9fecture de\nla Vakaga, l'une des r\u00e9gions les plus pauvres et les plus\nrecul\u00e9es de la RCA, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des conditions\n\n\n**Les risques et les besoins**\n\n\nEn 2025, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les autres populations touch\u00e9es\nen RCA continueront de faire face \u00e0 un \u00e9ventail complexe\nde risques et de besoins en mati\u00e8re de protection,\nexacerb\u00e9s par les conflits en cours, les d\u00e9placements et\nles ressources limit\u00e9es. Les risques varient\nconsid\u00e9rablement en fonction de l'\u00e2ge, du sexe, de la\ndiversit\u00e9 et d'autres facteurs tels que l'emplacement, ce\nqui a un impact disproportionn\u00e9 sur diff\u00e9rents groupes de\nla population.\n\n\nAlors que le conflit au Soudan fait rage, quelque 50 000\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais et 2 457 rapatri\u00e9s en RCA devraient\navoir besoin d'une aide humanitaire en RCA en 2025, ce\nqui entra\u00eenera une augmentation des besoins\nhumanitaires dans des domaines tels que la nourriture,\nles abris, la protection, les articles non alimentaires, l'eau,\nl'assainissement et l'hygi\u00e8ne, la sant\u00e9, l'\u00e9ducation et les\nmoyens de subsistance.\n\n\n11\n\n\n\nclimatiques difficiles, notamment des s\u00e9cheresses\nfr\u00e9quentes et des pr\u00e9cipitations irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, qui\nexacerbent la raret\u00e9 des ressources et les difficult\u00e9s\nauxquelles sont confront\u00e9es les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et\nles communaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\n\nQuelque 15 162 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivent \u00e0 Korsi, dans la\npr\u00e9fecture de Birao, tandis que 14 780 autres se trouvent\ndans des zones inaccessibles o\u00f9 seuls les services de\nprotection, d'enregistrement et de documentation sont\nfournis en raison de la complexit\u00e9 de l'environnement\ns\u00e9curitaire et des difficult\u00e9s logistiques. Il s'agit\nprincipalement de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00ab sur place \u00bb, c'est-\u00e0-dire de\npersonnes qui se trouvaient en RCA lorsque la guerre au\nSoudan s'est intensifi\u00e9e et qui ne peuvent pas y retourner.\nIls font partie des populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables et les\nplus pacifiques, et des programmes d'autosuffisance\nadapt\u00e9s sont primordiaux pour les soutenir.\n\nLes efforts de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire sont \u00e9galement\nentrav\u00e9s par la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 des infrastructures, la\npr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques et les\ninondations saisonni\u00e8res, qui contribuent \u00e0 la\nrecrudescence de la violence lors de la transhumance\nsaisonni\u00e8re.\n\nEn 2025, 10 partenaires du RRP ont besoin de 76,4\nmillions de dollars pour continuer \u00e0 fournir une aide\nhumanitaire \u00e0 50 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais, dont 20 000\nnouveaux arrivants. L'aide ciblera \u00e9galement 2 457\nressortissants centrafricains de retour au pays, dont 1\n000 devraient arriver en 2025, ainsi que 27 900 membres\ndes communaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui arrivent par la fronti\u00e8re d'Am Dafock et\nd'autres zones difficiles d'acc\u00e8s restent tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables\nen raison de l'instabilit\u00e9 de la situation s\u00e9curitaire le long\nde la fronti\u00e8re. La pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques en RCA, y compris dans les zones d'accueil des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, accro\u00eet les risques de protection.\n\nLes femmes et les filles, qui repr\u00e9sentent 53 % de la\npopulation r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques plus\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s de violence sexiste, en particulier de violence et\nd'exploitation sexuelles pendant le d\u00e9placement et dans\nles zones d'accueil. La raret\u00e9 des services de base,\nnotamment des soins de sant\u00e9, exacerbe leur\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. L'acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 un abri s\u00fbr, \u00e0 de l'eau et du\nbois de chauffage les oblige \u00e0 parcourir de longues\ndistances pour en trouver, ce qui augmente leur\nexposition \u00e0 la violence. Les mariages pr\u00e9coces et\nforc\u00e9s, fr\u00e9quents en RCA et au Soudan, constituent un\nrisque suppl\u00e9mentaire pour les filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\nLes femmes handicap\u00e9es et les femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es sont de\nplus en plus marginalis\u00e9es, n'ayant pas acc\u00e8s aux\nservices et au soutien essentiels.\n\n\nLa sant\u00e9 mentale et le soutien psychosocial restent\nessentiels, car de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais sont\nprofond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9s par des \u00e9v\u00e9nements\ntraumatisants, des pertes et des facteurs de stress li\u00e9s au\nd\u00e9placement.\n\n\n\nl'agriculture de subsistance et de l'\u00e9levage pastoral, des\nopportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques limit\u00e9es qui exacerbent leur\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. L'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces r\u00e9gions est compliqu\u00e9, surtout\npendant la saison des pluies (entre mai et novembre),\nlorsque les routes deviennent impraticables. Les longues\ndistances, la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 des infrastructures routi\u00e8res et\nl'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 rendent les op\u00e9rations humanitaires co\u00fbteuses et\ncomplexes.\n\n\n\nd\u00e9placement. Les tensions entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil\n\nrisquent de s'intensifier en raison de la surcharge des\n\nLes enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s sont par infrastructures locales, en particulier dans les zones recul\u00e9es\nailleurs particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l'exploitation, aux o\u00f9 les services de base tels que la nourriture, l'eau, les soins\nabus et \u00e0 la traite. Les gar\u00e7ons sont particuli\u00e8rement de sant\u00e9 et les ressources naturelles sont insuffisants. La\nexpos\u00e9s au risque d'\u00eatre recrut\u00e9s de force dans des concurrence pour des ressources rares, exacerb\u00e9e par le\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Ces zones manquent d'infrastructures de changement climatique, met \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve la coh\u00e9sion\n\nsociale et cr\u00e9e des risques suppl\u00e9mentaires pour les\n\nbase, telles que des routes, des centres de sant\u00e9, des\n\ngroupes marginalis\u00e9s, notamment les personnes\n\n\u00e9coles et des r\u00e9seaux d'approvisionnement en eau\n\nhandicap\u00e9es et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, qui rencontrent\n\npotable. Les communaut\u00e9s locales disposent de\n\nsouvent des difficult\u00e9s pour acc\u00e9der aux services essentiels.\n\nressources limit\u00e9es et d\u00e9pendent principalement de\n\n**Partie 2 : Strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9ponse, de r\u00e9silience et de solutions pour la RCA**\n\n\n\nLes enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s sont par\nailleurs particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l'exploitation, aux\nabus et \u00e0 la traite. Les gar\u00e7ons sont particuli\u00e8rement\nexpos\u00e9s au risque d'\u00eatre recrut\u00e9s de force dans des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Ces zones manquent d'infrastructures de\nbase, telles que des routes, des centres de sant\u00e9, des\n\u00e9coles et des r\u00e9seaux d'approvisionnement en eau\npotable. Les communaut\u00e9s locales disposent de\nressources limit\u00e9es et d\u00e9pendent principalement de\n\n\n\n**R\u00f4le du gouvernement**\n\n\n\nEn 2025, le gouvernement centrafricain continuera de\njouer un r\u00f4le crucial dans la coordination de la r\u00e9ponse\naux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais. Son leadership est essentiel pour\nguider l'effort humanitaire selon les priorit\u00e9s nationales et\nles strat\u00e9gies visant \u00e0 trouver des solutions durables. Les\nautorit\u00e9s centrafricaines collaborent \u00e9troitement avec les\nacteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement pour r\u00e9pondre\naux besoins des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des rapatri\u00e9s et des\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil, en mettant l'accent sur la\nr\u00e9silience et l'int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique des\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n\n\nd'une aide vitale, notamment sous forme de nourriture,\nd'eau, d'abris et de soins m\u00e9dicaux, tout en renfor\u00e7ant la\nprotection de l'environnement et en accordant la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La R\u00e9publique centrafricaine a\npris l'engagement, lors du Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nde consolider la paix et de pr\u00e9venir les conflits, et soutient\ndes solutions durables mises en \u0153uvre dans le cadre du\nRRP.\n\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil, en mettant l'accent sur la L'Agence des Nations unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) et la\nr\u00e9silience et l'int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique des Commission nationale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CNR) ont\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. intensifi\u00e9 leurs op\u00e9rations en d\u00e9ployant du personnel\n\ndans tout le pays pour g\u00e9rer les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s tels\n\nLe gouvernement a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'asile en que Korsi. Elle soutient plusieurs secteurs, notamment les\nmaintenant une politique d'ouverture des fronti\u00e8res et en abris, l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygi\u00e8ne, la sant\u00e9 et la\naccordant un statut prima facie aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais. Il protection. Des efforts consid\u00e9rables sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour\na \u00e9galement renforc\u00e9 les proc\u00e9dures de documentation prot\u00e9ger les groupes vuln\u00e9rables, en particulier les\ncivile afin de s'assurer que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s obtiennent les enfants et les survivants de la violence sexiste.\ndocuments juridiques n\u00e9cessaires. Par ailleurs, le L'engagement du gouvernement \u00e0 soutenir ces secteurs\ngouvernement a soutenu l'intervention d'urgence des essentiels t\u00e9moigne de son intention d'assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\norganisations humanitaires, permettant l'acheminement et la dignit\u00e9 de toutes les populations touch\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Objectifs strat\u00e9giques du pays (OS)**\n\n\n\nLe gouvernement a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'asile en\nmaintenant une politique d'ouverture des fronti\u00e8res et en\naccordant un statut prima facie aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais. Il\na \u00e9galement renforc\u00e9 les proc\u00e9dures de documentation\ncivile afin de s'assurer que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s obtiennent les\ndocuments juridiques n\u00e9cessaires. Par ailleurs, le\ngouvernement a soutenu l'intervention d'urgence des\norganisations humanitaires, permettant l'acheminement\n\n\n\n**OS1** : soutenir le gouvernement de la R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine afin de garantir l'acc\u00e8s au territoire et\nl'asile, et de fournir des documents biom\u00e9triques aux\nnouveaux arrivants. Fournir une protection et une\nassistance aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais par le biais d'une\nr\u00e9ponse globale interinstitutionnelle, y compris une\n\nassistance multisectorielle sur place.Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la l\u00e9gislation en vigueur en RCA. La loi\nnationale sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s stipule les droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndes demandeurs d'asile conform\u00e9ment aux normes\ninternationales.\n\n\n12\n\n\n\nCependant, l'application de ce cadre juridique reste difficile,\ncar les documents relatifs aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont pas reconnus\npar les organismes d'application de la loi et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Cela\nlimite les droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des demandeurs d'asile, en\nparticulier leur libert\u00e9 de circulation\n\n\nLes documents d'identit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n'ont pas de num\u00e9ro\nd'identification national et ne sont pas d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par l'autorit\u00e9\nresponsable de la gestion de l'identit\u00e9 dans le pays,\ncontrairement aux documents des nationaux. Cela cr\u00e9e des\ncomplications. Les efforts de plaidoyer concernant les\ndocuments, les droits et les lois des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s resteront\nprioritaires. Les efforts visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le processus de\nDSR et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le temps d'attente se poursuivront.\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\nLe plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat pour\nharmoniser la reconnaissance prima facie des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais aux diff\u00e9rents points d'entr\u00e9e se\npoursuivra. Un suivi de la protection sera effectu\u00e9\naux principaux points d'entr\u00e9e et dans les zones\nd'accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afin d'assurer des\ninterventions de protection imm\u00e9diates et un acc\u00e8s\nau territoire. Le HCR intensifiera ses efforts pour\naider le CNR \u00e0 assurer l'enregistrement individuel,\nl'enregistrement biom\u00e9trique continu et la v\u00e9rification\nphysique de tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n**OS2** : identifier et fournir une assistance aux\nretourn\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, y compris la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des\nressortissants centrafricains et des anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nqui sont rentr\u00e9s dans des circonstances\nd\u00e9favorables.\n\nPlusieurs anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains au Soudan\nont fui vers la RCA avec des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais,\n\n\n\ndans des conditions pr\u00e9caires qui n\u00e9cessitent\nprotection et assistance. Les rapatri\u00e9s en situation\nde vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront d'une assistance cibl\u00e9e\net de services de protection sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.\n\n**OS3** : renforcer la r\u00e9silience et la coh\u00e9sion sociale\nen favorisant la localisation de la r\u00e9ponse et en\nveillant \u00e0 ce que les interventions soient durables et\ncommunautaires, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la participation\nd'organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dirig\u00e9es par des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force, des femmes, des\njeunes et des personnes handicap\u00e9es.\n\nLe HCR n'\u00e9tablit pas de syst\u00e8mes parall\u00e8les pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, mais veille \u00e0 ce qu'ils soient int\u00e9gr\u00e9s aux\nsyst\u00e8mes nationaux, en partageant les services\navec la communaut\u00e9 d'accueil. Le HCR renforcera\nl'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux\n(sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, formation professionnelle,\nprotection sociale) en soutenant les institutions\nnationales.\n\n\n\n**Approches du nexus Humanitaire D\u00e9veloppement Paix (HDP) pour promouvoir la**\n**protection, la r\u00e9silience, l'inclusion et les solutions**\n\nLe plan d'intervention pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vise \u00e0 favoriser Des sessions de formation seront organis\u00e9es avec le\ndes issues pacifiques, \u00e0 promouvoir la coexistence, la minist\u00e8re de l'\u00c9ducation nationale et d'autres parties\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale, le bien-\u00eatre psychologique et la prenantes afin de renforcer l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans\nr\u00e9silience, conform\u00e9ment au Pacte mondial sur les le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif national. Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves du secondaire\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La strat\u00e9gie adopte une approche de solution b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront de cours de rattrapage et d'apprentissage\nd\u00e8s le d\u00e9part, en favorisant l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans de la langue fran\u00e7aise pour faciliter leur transition, et les\nles services de protection nationaux et les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9coles recevront un soutien mat\u00e9riel. Des activit\u00e9s de\nessentiels tels que la sant\u00e9, l'\u00e9ducation, les affaires pr\u00e9vention et de protection contre les violences bas\u00e9es\nsociales, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau, l'assainissement, l'hygi\u00e8ne et la sur le genre (VBG) seront \u00e9galement men\u00e9es \u00e0 l'intention\nprotection sociale, d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la crise et tout au long des enseignants et des \u00e9l\u00e8ves afin de r\u00e9duire les risques.\nde sa progression. Compl\u00e9tant le Plan cadre des Nations La coordination permettra d'\u00e9viter les syst\u00e8mes de\nunies pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable, cette strat\u00e9gie services parall\u00e8les, d'aligner les normes de service (par\ns'aligne \u00e9galement sur le Plan national de d\u00e9veloppement exemple, le Plan national de d\u00e9veloppement) sur celles\n(PND) 2023-2028. des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil et de renforcer les efforts en\n\ncours. L'acheminement de l'aide par le biais des syst\u00e8mes\n\nCette approche a pu \u00eatre mise en place gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des nationaux permet de r\u00e9duire la pression sur les\npartenariats solides impliquant les principaux minist\u00e8res ressources, de renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 avec les\nconcern\u00e9s, notamment le minist\u00e8re de l'Int\u00e9rieur, de communaut\u00e9s d'accueil et de contribuer au\nl'Administration territoriale, de la Sant\u00e9, de l'Action d\u00e9veloppement local durable.\nhumanitaire, du Genre, de l'\u00c9ducation, de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9, de la\nJustice et de l'Agriculture. Ces minist\u00e8res sont essentiels Le RRP soutient la consolidation de la paix en\npour garantir l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes promouvant l'acc\u00e8s partag\u00e9 aux services et aux\nnationaux. \u00c0 titre d'exemple, les autorit\u00e9s pr\u00e9fectorales de la\n\nopportunit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\n\nVakaga ont accord\u00e9 des terres arables aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, leur\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil. Les activit\u00e9s d\u00e9crites dans le RRP,\n\npermettant de s'engager dans des activit\u00e9s agricoles et ainsi\n\ntelles que la construction d'\u00e9coles et de centres de sant\u00e9,\n\nde contribuer \u00e0 leur inclusion \u00e9conomique. Les partenariats\n\npermettent aux communaut\u00e9s et aux institutions locales\n\nincluent \u00e9galement des agences des Nations unies, des\n\nd'int\u00e9grer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans leurs services, de renforcer les\n\nacteurs du d\u00e9veloppement tels que la Banque mondiale et la\n\ncapacit\u00e9s locales en mati\u00e8re de soutien durable et de veiller\n\nBanque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement, le secteur priv\u00e9 et le\n\n\u00e0 ce que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil\n\nmonde universitaire.\n\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'interventions durables et efficaces qui\n\nDans le domaine de l'\u00e9ducation, par exemple, la RCA a favorisent la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme et la r\u00e9silience partag\u00e9e.\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d'un financement pour soutenir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nsoudanais dans leurs \u00e9tudes secondaires et sup\u00e9rieures.\n\n\n13\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**R\u00e9ponses sectorielles**\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\nLe HCR et le CNR continueront \u00e0 pr\u00e9-enregistrer et \u00e0\nenregistrer par biom\u00e9trie les nouveaux arrivants, ainsi que\nceux qui n'ont pas pu le faire auparavant en raison de\nl'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou de l'acc\u00e8s difficile, afin de leur fournir des\ndocuments d'identit\u00e9. Les partenaires de la protection\naideront le gouvernement \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des politiques et des\ncadres juridiques visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la protection, l'acc\u00e8s\n\u00e0 l'asile, l'enregistrement et la documentation, ainsi qu'\u00e0\ninstaurer une obligation de rendre des comptes aux\npopulations touch\u00e9es.\n\nUne surveillance continue de la protection sera men\u00e9e\naux principaux points d'entr\u00e9e et dans les zones d'accueil\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afin de garantir des interventions de\nprotection imm\u00e9diates et un acc\u00e8s au territoire.\n\nLes partenaires de protection accorderont la priorit\u00e9 aux\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :\n\n - La protection des droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par une\nprotection juridique, physique et mat\u00e9rielle,\n\n\n**Sous-secteur : Protection de l'enfance**\n\n\nLes partenaires mettront en \u0153uvre une approche globale\npour prot\u00e9ger les enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, en mettant l'accent sur\ndes activit\u00e9s imm\u00e9diates de sauvetage ainsi que sur des\nmesures de r\u00e9silience \u00e0 long terme.\nDes espaces adapt\u00e9s aux enfants, ainsi que des espaces\nr\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs et \u00e9ducatifs, seront d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour\npromouvoir la r\u00e9silience et les capacit\u00e9s d'adaptation des\nenfants \u00e0 Bamingui-Bangoran et dans la Haute-Kotto.\nDes proc\u00e9dures d'int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur seront mises en\n\u0153uvre pour les enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, non accompagn\u00e9s et les\nautres enfants en danger.\nLe RRP pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation de centres polyvalents en\npartenariat avec les jeunes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais et la\ncommunaut\u00e9 d'accueil afin de proposer des services\nholistiques r\u00e9pondant aux divers besoins des enfants et\ndes adolescents, y compris des activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives, des\nconseils, une assistance individuelle et l'\u00e9ducation\n\n\n\nen particulier pour les survivants de VBG, les\nenfants en danger et les personnes ayant des\nbesoins sp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n - Promouvoir la responsabilisation et\nfavoriser l'inclusion en int\u00e9grant les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de\nprotection et en \u00e9tendant les services aux\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\nLes activit\u00e9s comprendront l'enregistrement, la\ndocumentation, l'assistance juridique et le soutien\npsychosocial d'urgence. Une approche ax\u00e9e sur la\nr\u00e9silience mettra l'accent sur les m\u00e9canismes de\nprotection communautaires et l'appui juridique pour\nrenforcer les syst\u00e8mes nationaux, y compris\nl'enregistrement des naissances et les documents d'\u00e9tat\ncivil. Une assistance en esp\u00e8ces et une aide juridique\nseront propos\u00e9es aux personnes vuln\u00e9rables,\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'Objectif de d\u00e9veloppement durable\n(ODD) 16 : Paix, justice et institutions efficaces.\n\n\nIls proposeront \u00e9galement une formation aux\ncomp\u00e9tences de la vie courante et une \u00e9ducation\nparentale sur les questions de protection de l'enfance.\n\nEn r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l'afflux croissant de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais, en\nparticulier dans les r\u00e9gions de Birao et de Bria, le secteur\nde la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre adoptera une approche\nglobale centr\u00e9e sur les survivantes afin de r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins urgents des femmes et des filles \u00e0 risque. Les\ninterventions vitales comprendront le d\u00e9ploiement\nd'\u00e9quipes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es d'intervention en mati\u00e8re de VBG,\ny compris des unit\u00e9s mobiles \u00e9quip\u00e9es pour fournir des\nsoins cliniques et des services de soutien psychosocial,\nafin de garantir que les services essentiels atteignent les\nzones recul\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n\n\nLa recherche et la r\u00e9unification des familles pour les\nenfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 Korsi et ailleurs\npermettront de r\u00e9duire les risques d'exploitation. Des\nd\u00e9terminations de l'int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur seront effectu\u00e9es\npour \u00e9clairer les d\u00e9cisions. La r\u00e9ponse int\u00e9grera les\nenfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de\nprotection de l'enfance, en collaboration avec le\n\n\n14\n\n\n\ngouvernement et les comit\u00e9s communautaires.\nLe RRP prendra en compte l'att\u00e9nuation du risque de\nVBG, et garantira des installations s\u00fbres pour les\nenfants. L'aide en esp\u00e8ces et le renforcement des\ncapacit\u00e9s des acteurs nationaux permettront d'am\u00e9liorer\nl'acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels, conform\u00e9ment aux ODD\n4 et 5, en promouvant l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et \u00e0\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\nla protection.\nDes espaces s\u00fbrs et des refuges seront \u00e9tablis dans les\nzones \u00e0 haut risque pour prot\u00e9ger les femmes et les filles\nvuln\u00e9rables et leur offrir des environnements propices \u00e0\nla gu\u00e9rison et au r\u00e9tablissement. Les services de gestion\ndes cas de VBG fourniront aux survivantes un soutien\nd\u00e9di\u00e9, une aide juridique et une protection.\nL'approche de renforcement de la r\u00e9silience permettra\nde renforcer les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de\npr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la VBG, et les agents de\nsant\u00e9 locaux ainsi que les groupes de femmes recevront\ndes formations. La collaboration avec les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales permettra d'int\u00e9grer les services de lutte contre\nles violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans les syst\u00e8mes de\n\n\n**Education**\n\n\nLes partenaires du secteur de l'\u00e9ducation donneront la\npriorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais dans le\nsyst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif national en collaborant avec les\nautorit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives et en facilitant l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une\n\u00e9ducation inclusive et de qualit\u00e9 pour les enfants\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\nLes principales interventions comprennent des\nprogrammes de soutien linguistique pour aider les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s arabophones \u00e0 faire la transition vers le\nprogramme fran\u00e7ais, ainsi que la formation des\nenseignants \u00e0 la fluidit\u00e9 de la langue et \u00e0 la p\u00e9dagogie.\nLes programmes de soutien acad\u00e9mique soutiendront\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en difficult\u00e9 et les \u00e9tudiants des\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\n\nLes partenaires augmenteront la capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles en\nconstruisant ou r\u00e9habilitant des \u00e9tablissements, en\nfournissant du mat\u00e9riel d'enseignement et\nd'apprentissage, et en aidant les m\u00e9nages \u00e0 couvrir les\nd\u00e9penses li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation, telles que les frais de\nscolarit\u00e9 et l'habillement. Les transferts mon\u00e9taires\naideront les m\u00e9nages \u00e0 couvrir les d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es \u00e0\nl'\u00e9ducation, telles que les frais de scolarit\u00e9 et les frais de\n\n\n\n\n\nLes partenaires charg\u00e9s de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\nfourniront une aide d'urgence pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins\nalimentaires et nutritionnels de base des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nsoudanais, notamment par le biais de distributions\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rales, en nature ou en esp\u00e8ces, dans la mesure du\npossible. Cette assistance s'\u00e9tendra \u00e0 tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\ndans diverses zones d'accueil et inclura les communaut\u00e9s\nlocales.\nPour garantir l'accessibilit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des distributions\npour les femmes, les filles et les personnes handicap\u00e9es,\nles partenaires mettront en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s de\nsauvegarde, de sensibilisation et d'att\u00e9nuation des\nrisques par le biais de consultations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res avec les\ngroupes touch\u00e9s\n\n\n15\n\n\n\nsant\u00e9 publique de la RCA, favorisant ainsi une r\u00e9ponse\ndurable. Les services d'aide juridique, y compris les\ntribunaux itin\u00e9rants, garantiront l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nEn outre, l'att\u00e9nuation des risques de VBG sera une\npriorit\u00e9 dans tous les secteurs, y compris l'int\u00e9gration de\nconceptions sensibles au genre dans les abris\ncommunaux, comme des latrines s\u00e9par\u00e9es, un \u00e9clairage\nad\u00e9quat et des patrouilles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. La r\u00e9ponse\ns'alignera sur l'ODD 5, en mettant l'accent sur l'\u00e9galit\u00e9\ndes sexes, l'autonomisation des femmes et des filles,\nainsi que sur la garantie de leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de leur\ndignit\u00e9.\n\n\nv\u00eatements.\nLes enseignants, les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives et les\nassociations de parents d'\u00e9l\u00e8ves recevront une\nformation sur les conflits et l'\u00e9ducation sensible au\ngenre, le SMSPS, l'att\u00e9nuation des risques de VBG et la\npr\u00e9vention de l'exploitation et des abus.\nPour att\u00e9nuer les risques de VBG, les syst\u00e8mes\nd'orientation et les protocoles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en milieu\nscolaire seront renforc\u00e9s et des latrines s\u00e9par\u00e9es par\nsexe seront construites. Les points focaux de la\nprotection de la jeunesse et du SMSPS seront form\u00e9s\npour orienter les cas et mettre en relation les \u00e9l\u00e8ves dans\nle besoin avec les services comp\u00e9tents. Les\nprogrammes d'\u00e9ducation et de formation professionnelle\nseront \u00e9largis aux adolescents et jeunes.\nEn promouvant une \u00e9ducation inclusive et de qualit\u00e9, en\nrenfor\u00e7ant les capacit\u00e9s locales et en autonomisant les\njeunes, les partenaires visent \u00e0 fournir des solutions\ndurables aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux communaut\u00e9s d'accueil,\ncontribuant ainsi \u00e0 l'ODD 4 relatif \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation de qualit\u00e9.\n\n\net de la collaboration avec les services de lutte contre la\nviolence bas\u00e9e sur le genre et de protection de l'enfance.\nCes consultations permettront d'identifier les obstacles et\nles risques, et de fournir des solutions communautaires.\nLes stocks de vivres seront strat\u00e9giquement\npr\u00e9positionn\u00e9s \u00e0 Birao et dans d'autres zones difficiles\nd'acc\u00e8s avant les pluies de juin, sous r\u00e9serve des\ncontributions des donateurs en temps utile. Cette\nstrat\u00e9gie permettra aux partenaires d'aider les nouveaux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais de 2025, ainsi que ceux de 2024, et\nles communaut\u00e9s d'accueil vuln\u00e9rables.\nEn outre, les partenaires du RRP renforceront\nl'engagement communautaire en int\u00e9grant des\nconsultations et des m\u00e9canismes de retour d'information\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\ntout au long du cycle du programme. Les partenaires\ndistribueront \u00e9galement des intrants agricoles intelligents\nface au climat, notamment du b\u00e9tail, permettant aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de cultiver et d'\u00e9lever des animaux. Cela\npermettra d'am\u00e9liorer leur alimentation, de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des\nrevenus, d'\u00e9viter de d\u00e9pendre de l'aide alimentaire, de\npromouvoir l'autonomie et d'impliquer les communaut\u00e9s\nd'accueil. Cette approche s'aligne sur l'ODD 2, qui vise \u00e0\n\u00e9liminer la faim en am\u00e9liorant la nutrition et en favorisant\nl'agriculture durable.\n\n\n**Sant\u00e9 Publique et nutrition**\n\n\nLes partenaires sectoriels se concentreront sur des\ninterventions imm\u00e9diates visant \u00e0 sauver des vies et sur le\nrenforcement de la r\u00e9silience \u00e0 long terme dans les zones\naccueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais. Cette r\u00e9ponse a pour\nobjectif d'am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables d'accueil, ainsi que\nde renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 locaux.\n\nLes activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 sauver des vies comprendront le\nd\u00e9ploiement de cliniques mobiles aux points d'entr\u00e9e afin de\nfournir des soins imm\u00e9diats, notamment des services de\nsant\u00e9 maternelle et infantile. Des campagnes de vaccination\ncontre la rougeole cibleront les enfants de moins de cinq ans\n\n\n\nLes partenaires du RRP favoriseront l'inclusion\n\u00e9conomique \u00e0 long terme en mettant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en\nrelation avec les programmes nationaux d'emploi et les\nmarch\u00e9s locaux. Les initiatives comprendront des\nformations professionnelles, un soutien \u00e0\nl'entrepreneuriat ainsi que des programmes agricoles\nconformes au plan national de d\u00e9veloppement (PND) et\naux programmes nationaux, qui fourniront des terres, des\noutils et des semences.\n\n\ndans les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, tout en assurant les\nvaccinations de routine pour les enfants et les femmes\nenceintes. Le d\u00e9pistage de la malnutrition sera effectu\u00e9 en\npriorit\u00e9 chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans et les femmes\nenceintes, et des syst\u00e8mes d'orientation d'urgence seront\nmis en place pour les affections mettant en jeu le pronostic\nvital.\nL'approche de la r\u00e9silience renforcera les centres de sant\u00e9\nlocaux en fournissant un soutien \u00e0 l'infrastructure, des\nfournitures m\u00e9dicales et une formation aux travailleurs de la\nsant\u00e9 communautaires. Cela leur permettra de fournir des\nservices essentiels et de promouvoir l'\u00e9ducation\nnutritionnelle.\n\n\n\n**Sous-secteur : Sant\u00e9 mentale et soutien psychosocial (MHPSS)**\n\n\n\nLes services de MHPSS dans les r\u00e9gions accueillant des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais r\u00e9pondent aux besoins imm\u00e9diats en\nmati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 mentale et favorisent la r\u00e9silience \u00e0 long\nterme. Ils garantissent un soutien vital et des soins durables\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comme pour les communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables\nd'accueil.\nDes \u00e9quipes mobiles et statiques de MHPSS seront\nd\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions cl\u00e9s pour fournir une assistance\nimm\u00e9diate. Int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux cliniques mobiles situ\u00e9es dans les\nprincipales zones d'accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ces \u00e9quipes\nfourniront des soins urgents, notamment des premiers soins\npsychosociaux, afin que les nouveaux arrivants b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient\nd'un soutien \u00e9motionnel en temps voulu. Les services de\nSMSPS seront li\u00e9s \u00e0 des r\u00e9ponses plus larges en mati\u00e8re de\nsant\u00e9 et de protection, avec des voies d'orientation qui\norienteront les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers les services cliniques de sant\u00e9\nmentale dans les installations locales. La collaboration avec\nle minist\u00e8re national de la Sant\u00e9 permettra \u00e9galement\nd'int\u00e9grer les services de sant\u00e9 sexuelle et reproductive aux\nsyst\u00e8mes nationaux, afin de garantir un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable pour\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil. Des mesures\nseront prises pour att\u00e9nuer les risques de violence li\u00e9e au\nsexe, offrant un acc\u00e8s s\u00fbr aux services de sant\u00e9 et des\nespaces confidentiels pour les consultations, avec un soutien\npsychosocial disponible pour les survivants de la violence\nli\u00e9e au sexe.\n\n\n16\n\n\n\nCette r\u00e9ponse s'aligne sur l'ODD 3, qui promeut la sant\u00e9 et\nle bien-\u00eatre pour tous. Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9largira la couverture pour\nles personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves.\nPour favoriser le bien-\u00eatre \u00e0 long terme, l'accent sera mis sur\nle renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s en\nformant les prestataires de soins de sant\u00e9 locaux \u00e0 la sant\u00e9\nmentale et aux soins psychosociaux. Les r\u00e9seaux de\nsoutien par les pairs favoriseront les structures\ncommunautaires de sant\u00e9 mentale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\npopulations d'accueil, en facilitant notamment les th\u00e9rapies\nde groupe, les conseils et les groupes de soutien\ncommunautaire. Le syst\u00e8me national de sant\u00e9 sera renforc\u00e9\nafin d'assurer des services de sant\u00e9 mentale et\npsychosociale durables.\n\nLes services de sant\u00e9 mentale et de soutien psychosocial\n(MHPSS) donneront la priorit\u00e9 aux survivants de la violence\nli\u00e9e au sexe, en garantissant des espaces s\u00fbrs et\nconfidentiels. Les interventions tenant compte des\ntraumatismes et de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes comprendront un\nsoutien en nature pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des services de sant\u00e9\nmentale sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s et des initiatives de renforcement des\ncapacit\u00e9s pour les prestataires de soins de sant\u00e9 locaux,\nnotamment les personnes handicap\u00e9es, en se concentrant\nsur les comp\u00e9tences pertinentes pour le march\u00e9 qui\nrenforcent l'autonomie et la participation \u00e9conomique.\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**Moyens de subsistance et inclusion \u00e9conomique (LEI)**\n\n\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse se concentrera sur la cr\u00e9ation d'emplois durables\net d'opportunit\u00e9s d'auto-emploi pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais\net les communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables d'accueil, \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur\ncomme \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur de Vakaga. Les interventions d'urgence\nen esp\u00e8ces aideront les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins\nfondamentaux et \u00e0 \u00e9viter les strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation\nn\u00e9gatives, tandis que les programmes d'emploi rapide et la\nformation professionnelle leur permettront de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des\nrevenus imm\u00e9diats en lien avec les opportunit\u00e9s du march\u00e9\n\n\n**Installation & Abris/Logement**\n\n\nLes partenaires sectoriels s'attacheront \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins urgents des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais en mati\u00e8re d'abris et\nd'installations sanitaires. La r\u00e9ponse imm\u00e9diate donnera la\npriorit\u00e9 aux activit\u00e9s vitales, telles que la fourniture d'abris\nd'urgence et d'articles de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, afin d'assurer\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la protection et la dignit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nnouvellement arriv\u00e9s. Des kits d'abris d'urgence contenant\ndes b\u00e2ches en plastique et des mat\u00e9riaux de construction\nessentiels seront distribu\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s recevront un abri \u00e0\nKorsi, Vakaga, avec une assistance \u00e9gale \u00e0 celle fournie aux\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de Bamingui-Bangoran, Haute-Kotto,\nHaut-Mbomou, Mbomou et Ouaka.\n\nLa transition des abris temporaires vers des solutions de\nlogement durables permettra de prot\u00e9ger les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contre les risques climatiques,\ndans le cadre d'une approche de r\u00e9silience. Cela implique\nl'int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur les march\u00e9s nationaux du\nlogement et l'am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures\ncommunautaires,\n\n\n**Eau, Hygi\u00e8ne & Assainissement (WASH)**\n\n\nLes partenaires charg\u00e9s des services d'approvisionnement\nen eau, d'assainissement et d'hygi\u00e8ne (WASH) veilleront \u00e0\nce que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aient un acc\u00e8s durable \u00e0 l'eau potable,\nen renfor\u00e7ant les installations existantes et en construisant\nde nouveaux forages, des r\u00e9servoirs de stockage, des\nstations solaires et des conduites de distribution. Les\nam\u00e9liorations comprendront des toilettes communes\naccessibles et respectueuses de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes, ainsi\nque des installations permettant l'acc\u00e8s aux bains pour les\npersonnes en situation de handicap. Pour favoriser\nl'implication des communaut\u00e9s, les partenaires collaboreront\navec les comit\u00e9s de l'eau existants et renforceront leurs\ncapacit\u00e9s afin qu'ils puissent g\u00e9rer les points d'eau,\nsuperviser l'entretien et contr\u00f4ler la qualit\u00e9 de l'eau.\n\n\n\net leurs comp\u00e9tences, exp\u00e9rience et centres d'int\u00e9r\u00eat.\n\nL'assistance en esp\u00e8ces est essentielle pour fournir aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des fonds d'urgence pour couvrir leurs frais de\nsubsistance et all\u00e9ger la pression \u00e9conomique sur les\ncommunaut\u00e9s d'accueil. La formation aux moyens de\nsubsistance ciblera les groupes vuln\u00e9rables, en particulier\nles femmes et les jeunes, et aidera les femmes enceintes et\nles soignants \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une alimentation saine.\n\n\nau b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des populations d'accueil. Les\nabris provisoires seront construits avec des mat\u00e9riaux locaux\nafin de promouvoir la durabilit\u00e9, la coh\u00e9sion sociale et\nl'autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\nCette intervention WASH compl\u00e8te s'aligne sur l'ODD 6, \u00ab\neau propre et assainissement \u00bb, qui vise \u00e0 assurer la\ndisponibilit\u00e9 et la gestion durable de l'eau et de\nl'assainissement pour tous. En r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 ces besoins\ncritiques, les partenaires du RRP s'engagent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la\nsant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et \u00e0 promouvoir le bien-\u00eatre\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral des communaut\u00e9s. Les interventions s'alignent\n\u00e9galement sur l'ODD 11, qui vise \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des villes et des\ncommunaut\u00e9s inclusives, s\u00fbres et durables. En promouvant\ndes solutions de logement durables et en int\u00e9grant les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux, le secteur de\nl'h\u00e9bergement contribue \u00e0 construire des communaut\u00e9s\nr\u00e9silientes et \u00e0 garantir l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement ad\u00e9quat, s\u00fbr et\nabordable pour tous.\n\n\nIl y aura un lavabo suppl\u00e9mentaire pour les femmes et les\nfilles.\n\nIl sera crucial d'adopter une approche sensible au genre pour\natt\u00e9nuer les risques de violence li\u00e9e au sexe. Les zones\ncommunes seront bien \u00e9clair\u00e9es, s\u00e9curis\u00e9es et accessibles\naux femmes et aux filles. Les abris accueilleront \u00e9galement\nles personnes handicap\u00e9es et d'autres groupes vuln\u00e9rables,\nafin de promouvoir l'inclusion et la protection de tous. Ces\ninstallations seront mises en place et des kits d'hygi\u00e8ne,\ncomprenant notamment des produits d'hygi\u00e8ne menstruelle,\nseront distribu\u00e9s pour garantir la dignit\u00e9, am\u00e9liorer l'hygi\u00e8ne\net r\u00e9duire les risques de maladie. Un \u00e9clairage ad\u00e9quat\nautour des toilettes sera \u00e9galement privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 afin de\nminimiser les risques de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre.\n\n\n\nDes installations sanitaires seront construites et am\u00e9lior\u00e9es\npour pr\u00e9venir les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de maladies d'origine hydrique,\ntandis que des programmes d'\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l'hygi\u00e8ne\ncontinueront \u00e0 promouvoir des pratiques saines au sein de\n~~la communaut\u00e9.~~\n\n17\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC\n\n\n\n\n\nLes partenaires du RRP intensifieront leur r\u00e9ponse pour\ngarantir que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les rapatri\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine aient acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels. Une\napproche globale et collaborative sera essentielle pour\nam\u00e9liorer la coordination entre les partenaires du RRP et les\norganismes gouvernementaux, pr\u00e9venir la duplication des\nefforts et optimiser l'utilisation des ressources. Les\nconsultations avec les communaut\u00e9s locales seront\nrenforc\u00e9es pour garantir l'ad\u00e9quation de l'intervention avec\nla culture locale et pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques\ndes populations touch\u00e9es. Des articles non alimentaires\n(NFI) et de l'aide en esp\u00e8ces seront distribu\u00e9s pour r\u00e9pondre\nefficacement aux besoins fondamentaux des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des\nrapatri\u00e9s.\n\nL'int\u00e9gration de la protection garantira que les distributions\nont lieu dans des lieux s\u00fbrs et accessibles, en mettant en\n\u0153uvre des mesures pour pr\u00e9venir la surpopulation et la\nviolence, tout en r\u00e9pondant aux besoins des personnes\npr\u00e9sentant des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques. Les strat\u00e9gies\nd'att\u00e9nuation des risques de VBG et d'EAS accorderont la\npriorit\u00e9 aux distributions pour les femmes et les familles\n\n\n**Logistique et approvisonnement**\n\n\nLe secteur de l'approvisionnement sera renforc\u00e9 afin\nd'assurer la livraison opportune de biens et de services\nessentiels aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux communaut\u00e9s d'accueil. Les\nprincipales interventions concerneront la distribution de\ncarburant, ce qui permettra d'assurer une aide alimentaire\nefficace et des interventions financi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires (NFI).\nLe secteur coordonnera la logistique avec d'autres secteurs\nafin d'assurer la livraison rapide de mat\u00e9riaux d'abri, de\nfournitures m\u00e9dicales et d'articles WASH, m\u00eame en cas\n\n\n**T\u00e9l\u00e9communication**\n\n\n\u00c0 mesure que le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s augmentera en 2025,\nla demande de syst\u00e8mes de t\u00e9l\u00e9communication robustes et\nfiables augmentera \u00e9galement. La r\u00e9ponse se concentrera\nsur la r\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures, l'expansion d'Internet\net le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s techniques. Les principales\nactivit\u00e9s comprendront notamment la mise en place de lignes\nd'assistance t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique et de centres de communication\nsur la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre, ainsi que l'expansion des\nr\u00e9seaux mobiles pour garantir un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la communication\n\n\n18\n\n\n\nvuln\u00e9rables, et garantiront la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux points de\ndistribution. Les modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse comprendront des\ndistributions en nature, des interventions bas\u00e9es sur le\nmarch\u00e9 telles que des bons d'achat et de l'argent, ainsi que\nle renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des fournisseurs locaux pour\npromouvoir la durabilit\u00e9.\n\nEn 2025, les secteurs suivants seront couverts par des\ninterventions en esp\u00e8ces : frais de scolarit\u00e9 pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif national, abris et biens de\npremi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, transferts mon\u00e9taires polyvalents pour\nla protection (principalement pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hors de Birao),\nmoyens de subsistance et inclusion \u00e9conomique, VBG,\nassistance aux personnes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques. Ce\nsoutien devrait couvrir environ 25 \u00e0 30 % du budget.\n\nCette r\u00e9ponse s'aligne sur l'ODD 1, qui vise \u00e0 \u00e9radiquer la\npauvret\u00e9 sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde.\nElle permet de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins fondamentaux par le\nbiais d'une aide en esp\u00e8ces et de la distribution d'articles de\nsecours, et ainsi de r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9 et la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des rapatri\u00e9s, tout en promouvant la r\u00e9silience et\nla dignit\u00e9.\n\n\nd'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou de mauvais temps.\n\nUne approche r\u00e9siliente permettra de renforcer les cha\u00eenes\nd'approvisionnement en am\u00e9liorant le stockage et le\ntransport, et en int\u00e9grant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux r\u00e9seaux\nd'approvisionnement existants. Cette r\u00e9ponse s'aligne sur\nl'ODD 9, en mettant l'accent sur des infrastructures\nr\u00e9silientes, des syst\u00e8mes de livraison durables et inclusifs\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\n\n\npour les femmes, les enfants et les personnes handicap\u00e9es.\nCette intervention s'aligne sur l'ODD 9 (Industrie, innovation\net infrastructures) qui promeut la construction\nd'infrastructures r\u00e9silientes et l'acc\u00e8s aux services\nessentiels.\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC\n\n\n\n\n\n**Partenariat et coordination**\n\n\nConform\u00e9ment au Mod\u00e8le de coordination des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nle HCR soutient le leadership du gouvernement\ncentrafricain dans la coordination de la r\u00e9ponse. Depuis\nle d\u00e9but de la crise, le HCR et le CNR organisent des\nr\u00e9unions de coordination \u00e0 Bangui avec les partenaires\ndu RRP pour faire face \u00e0 la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au\nSoudan. Ensemble, le HCR et le CNR copr\u00e9sident un\ngroupe de travail sur l'intervention en faveur des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, auquel participent plus de 25 partenaires, dont\ndes agences des Nations unies et des ONG.\n\n\n\u00c0 Birao, le HCR et le CNR ont activ\u00e9 le Mod\u00e8le de\ncoordination des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour g\u00e9rer la r\u00e9ponse aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en collaboration avec les acteurs locaux. En\n2025, le HCR pr\u00e9voit d'\u00e9tendre le Mod\u00e8le de\ncoordination des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 d'autres r\u00e9gions d'accueil de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afin d'am\u00e9liorer la coordination. Cette r\u00e9ponse a\nfavoris\u00e9 la mise en place de partenariats avec des\ngroupes locaux, y compris des organisations dirig\u00e9es par\ndes femmes qui ma\u00eetrisent les langues locales et la\ndynamique communautaire.\n\n\n19\n\n\n\nCompte tenu de la pr\u00e9sence de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0\nl'int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays et de vastes besoins\nhumanitaires \u00e0 Vakaga, Bamingui-Bangoran, Mbomou et\nHaute Kotto, la r\u00e9ponse aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est \u00e9troitement\ncoordonn\u00e9e avec OCHA et d'autres partenaires,\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la [note conjointe OCHA-HCR sur](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62634) [les](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62634)\n[situations mixtes. Bien que le HCR conserve un leadership](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62634)\nstrat\u00e9gique et une responsabilisation, cette approche\ncollaborative am\u00e9liore l'efficacit\u00e9 et \u00e9vite les\nchevauchements. Le [Cadre d'engagement OIM-HCR](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6311ce0c4.html)\nguide davantage la collaboration sur les mouvements de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de migrants. Le m\u00e9canisme de coordination\nmis en place facilite le partage et la gestion de\nl'information, l'harmonisation des donn\u00e9es conjointes, la\nplanification avec les parties prenantes et les efforts de\nmobilisation des ressources pour mieux r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la\ncrise dans un contexte de grave sous-financement. Ce\ncadre de coordination implique le gouvernement, les\npartenaires humanitaires et au d\u00e9veloppement, y compris\nles organisations locales et les autorit\u00e9s locales\naccueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n**SUDAN REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN \u2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Structure de coordination dans le pays**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**Besoins financiers inter-agences**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|10
Partenaires
impliqu\u00e9s|Agences UN
8|ONGs Internationales
2|\n|---|---|---|\n|**10 **

Partenaires
impliqu\u00e9s|**$72,285,538 **|**$4,150,750 **|\n\n\n\n_Notes: Cette liste n'inclut que les organisations qui font appel au RRP. Voir la \u00ab Synth\u00e8se du budget par partenaire \u00bb pour la r\u00e9partition des_\n_partenaires par type dans les annexes._\n\n\nSommaire du budget par secteur\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Secteur|Life Saving|Resilience/Renforcement
des syst\u00e8mes|Total en USD|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|_Protection_|_4 334 326_|_6 931 489_|_11 265 815_|\n|\u27a2 _Duquel la protection de_
_l'enfance _|_598 774 _|_1 376 161 _|_1 974 935 _|\n|\u27a2 _Duquel la VBG _|_1 744 944 _|_2 017 416 _|_3 762 360 _|\n|_Education_|_938 681_|_1 690 021_|_2 628 702_|\n|_S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire_|_15 407 598_|_5 708 104_|_21 115 702_|\n|_ Sant\u00e9 Publique et Nutrition_|_3 595 757_|_4 945 111_|_8 540 868_|\n|\u27a2 _Duquel le MHPSS _|_361 484_|_300 601_|_662 085_|\n|_Livelihoods and Inclusion Economique_|_1 358 023_|_3 816 143_|_5 174 166_|\n|_Logistique \u2013 Logistique et_
_approvisionnement_|_732 034_|_1 468 052_|_2 200 086_|\n|_Installation et Abris/Logement_|_4 872 654_|_7 308 981_|_12 181 636_|\n|_T\u00e9l\u00e9communications_|_0 _|_195 000_|_195 000_|\n|_WASH_|_2 787 166_|_4 080 750_|_6 867 916_|\n|_Besoins essentiels_|_2 506 559_|_3 759 839_|_6 266 398_|\n|\u27a2 _Duquel le NFI _|_940 906 _|_1 411 358 _|_2 352 264 _|\n|**_Total_**|**_36 532 798_**|**_33 903 490_**|**_76 436 288_**|\n\n\n21\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE A LA SITUATION SOUDANAISE \u2013 JANVIER - DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE\n\n\n**Synth\u00e8se budg\u00e9taire par secteur au niveau national**\n\n\nMillion in USD\n\n\nProtection\n\n\nChild Protection*\n\n\nGBV*\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nFood Security\n\n\nPublic Health & Nutrition\n\n\nLivelihoods & Economic Inclusion\n\n\nSettlement & Shelter/Housing\n\n\nWASH\n\n\nBasic Needs\n\n\nTotal Cash Assistance**\n\n\n22\n\n\n\n\n\n**PLAN DE REPONSE REGIONALE A LA SITUATION SOUDANAISE \u2013 JANVIER - DECEMBRE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00e9sum\u00e9 du budget par partenaire**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Partner|Acronym / Short Title|Type|Requirements in USD|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**ONG International**|||**4 150 750**|\n|Handicap International|HI|ONGI|1 100 750|\n|Oxfam International|OXFAM|ONGI|3 050 000|\n|||||\n|**Nations Unies**|||**72 285 538**|\n|Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO|UN|5 000 000|\n|Entit\u00e9 des Nations unies pour l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes et l'autonomisation
des femmes|
ONU FEMMES|UN|500 000|\n|Programme des Nations unies pour le d\u00e9veloppement|PNUD|UN|2 338 454|\n|Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|HCR|UN|36 289 127|\n|Fonds international d'urgence des Nations unies pour l'enfance|UNICEF|UN|6 782 000|\n|Fonds des Nations unies pour la population|UNFPA|UN|2 800 000|\n|Programme alimentaire mondial|PAM|UN|15 755 957|\n|Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9|OMS|UN|2 820 000|\n|||||\n|**Total USD**|||**76 436 288**|\n\n\n_Les partenaires \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s sont des entit\u00e9s dont les activit\u00e9s sont soumises au financement dans le cadre du RRP et qui seront contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le biais du cadre de_\n_contr\u00f4le et de rapport du Plan. Une entit\u00e9 qui est engag\u00e9e par une organisation faisant appel \u00e0 elle pour mettre en \u0153uvre l'activit\u00e9 de cette organisation ne doit pas_\n_soumettre de demande de financement au titre du RRP._\n\n##### **Annexe 1 \u2013 Objectifs du Cadre de suivi r\u00e9gional pour 2025**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e17c80c-62ca-5f47-b203-5fff35f7ad88/CAR_Sudan%20Regional%20RRP-FInal_20250203_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_275/raw/doc_275_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_275/raw/doc_275_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5818cfc8e602b947afd17e1688ee8d77049b35c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_275/raw/doc_275_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**WGR/03/04.Rev3**\n\n**THE STRATEGIC USE OF RESETTLEMENT**\n\n**A Discussion Paper Prepared by the Working Group on Resettlement**\n\n**Introduction**\n\n1. The Global Consultations on International Protection were launched by UNHCR in\n2000 in an effort to revitalize the international protection regime, promote better\nunderstanding of today\u2019s protection dilemmas and to discuss measures to ensure that\ninternational protection needs were properly recognized and met, while taking due\naccount of the legitimate concerns of States, host communities and the international\ncommunity in general. The impetus for the Global Consultations arose, in part, from the\nconcern of many states over the costs involved in hosting large numbers of refugees,\nabuse of asylum systems by those undeserving of international protection and the\ninability to return the latter. The Global Consultation process provided a venue for the\ninternational community to discuss and reflect upon the challenges posed for protection\nin the 21 [st] century and an opportunity for states to reassert leadership over the orderly\nprovision of protection and durable solutions. Among the issues discussed in the Global\nConsultations were: mechanisms to share responsibilities/burdens in mass influx\nsituations; the search for protection based solutions; and, refugee protection and\nmigration control.\n\n2. Included in the objectives of the Global Consultations were the desire to identify and\npromote practical responses to protection problems as well as to develop new approaches,\ntools, and standards to strengthen protection in areas not adequately covered by the 1951\nConvention. A strong theme emerging from the Global Consultations discussions was the\nneed for the international community to place greater emphasis on the provision of\norderly durable solutions for refugees. The outcome of the Global Consultations is the\nAgenda for Protection, which reflects a wide cross-section of concerns and\nrecommendations of States, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental\norganizations (NGOs), as well as refugees themselves. The Agenda for Protection has\nbeen adopted by the UNHCR Standing Committee, endorsed by the ExCom and\nwelcomed by the General Assembly of the United Nations.\n\n3. The Global Consultations concluded that in order to strengthen the respect for the\n1951 Convention and the international protection regime for refugees, resettlement\nshould be seen as an important tool for protection, providing durable solutions and as an\nelement of burden-sharing. Resettlement therefore needed to be approached in an\nintegrated manner, from policy formation through selection to the integration of resettled\nrefugees in their new countries. It should also be seen as a tool for improving protection\nand solutions in the regions of origin while complementing the role of national asylum\nsystems. Included in the actions recommended by the Agenda for Protection are a number\nof proposed actions in regard to resettlement. Among those is one which asks that: \u201cThe\nWorking Group on Resettlement to explore how strengthening the capacity in host\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "countries affects the pursuit of one or other available durable solution(s), as well as a\nmore strategic use of resettlement, including within regions affected by refugee\nmovements.\u201d In examining this tasking, the Working Group on Resettlement\nrecommended a re-wording of the task to read \u201cThe Working Group on Resettlement will\nundertake an analysis of a more strategic use of resettlement, including within regions\naffected by refugee movements. This analysis will include an examination of the\nrelationship between protection capacity and resettlement as well as how strengthening\nthe capacity in host countries affects the pursuit of one or more durable solution(s).\u201d This\npaper reflects its deliberations.\n\n4. Over the past fifty years, millions of people have been provided with the opportunity\nto build new lives for themselves, and their families, through resettlement. Resettlement\nhas also over the years produced secondary benefits other than to the resettled refugees\nthemselves. In some cases it has sustained first asylum in the face of continued flows of\nrefugees, in others it has played a role in achieving comprehensive solutions and often it\nhas been an expression of burden sharing. Additionally, resettlement has often\nengendered support for refugees among the publics of resettlement countries. Resettled\nrefugees have also made important contributions to the countries that have received them.\nIn many cases, these secondary benefits were unplanned.\n\n5. During the Global Consultations, there was some discussion as to whether there was a\nhierarchy of durable solutions. It is the premise of this paper that voluntary return and\nrepatriation must always be viewed as the preferred durable solution; if for no other\nreason than it signals a positive change in the conditions of the country of origin to the\nbenefit of the refugees returning there, as well as to the benefit of those who never left.\nIn addition, when considering the role of resettlement in the provision of durable\nsolutions, it must be recognized that even under the most ideal circumstances, only a\nminority of the world\u2019s refugees can be expected to secure a durable solution through\nthird country resettlement. The question then arises, how do we maximize the potential\nbenefits from the application of this scarce resource; how can we use resettlement in a\nmore strategic manner?\n\n6. For the purposes of this paper, resettlement is seen as the making available in a third\ncountry, on a voluntary basis, permanent residence to a refugee who is in another\ncountry, in a manner where the resettled person enjoys civil, political, economic, social\nand cultural rights similar to nationals. Similarly, for the purposes of this paper, the\nstrategic use of resettlement is the planned use of resettlement in a manner that\nmaximizes the benefits, directly or indirectly, benefits other than those received by the\nrefugee being resettled. Those benefits may accrue to other refugees, the hosting state,\nother states or the international protection regime in general.\n\n7. Refugee situations are complex by their very nature and involve a variety of situations\nand linkages. For the purposes of analysis and discussion, this paper sets a number of\ndistinct situations in which resettlement might be used. These fall under three broad\nGoals of the Agenda for Protection: Redoubling the search for durable solutions; Sharing\nburdens and responsibilities more equitably; and, protecting refugees within broader\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "migration movements. While each example is treated distinctly, it is recognized that in\nreality these will often be linked or intermingled. Furthermore, the examples cited are\nonly illustrative. Other situations could easily have been used.\n\n**Resettlement for Individual Protection**\n\n8. While this paper seeks to examine the strategic use of resettlement, it emphasizes that\nthe first purpose of resettlement must always be the provision of individual protection for\nthose who cannot be provided secure asylum in a first asylum country. Any potential\nstrategic use of resettlement must always be accompanied by sufficient resettlement\ncapacity being available to meet the need for individual personal protection. Such\npersons may well exist in each of the illustrations examined in the paper and it is assumed\nthat their needs must be addressed.\n\n**Redoubling the Search for Durable Solutions**\n\n9. There are many situations in the world where refugees may have found effective\nprotection, but nevertheless are not being provided with a durable solution. This situation\ncan exist for a number of years with the potential to create disquiet among the hosting\ncommunities and the possible growth of bitterness and resentment within the refugee\npopulation itself. Protracted situations can prevent refugees from getting on with a\nnormal life, from reaching their full potential and fully contributing to any community. It\ncan contribute to the creation of a culture of dependency and render parts of the refugee\npopulation vulnerable to exploitation. In some instances, protracted refugee situations\nlead to irregular movement, contributing to the growth of smuggling and trafficking and\nundermining the efforts of the international community to provide effective protection\nand orderly solutions.\n\n10. The provision of a durable solution through resettlement would alleviate this\nsituation for the resettled refugees. This in itself would be a positive development. Such\nresettlement would also be an act of burden sharing in that the country of first asylum\nwill be relieved of a portion of its refugee population. The degree to which this has a\npositive effect would likely relate to the numbers resettled in relation to the overall\nrefugee population. It may in fact produce some unintended positive benefits such as\nassisting in the sustaining of asylum, improvements in the conditions of first asylum or\neven result in the first asylum country providing some local integration. However, used\nin an unplanned manner, resettlement in this fashion will not have been strategic, as it\nwould not have been planned to achieve and maximize any secondary benefit realized.\n\n11. The benefit likely to accrue from a more strategic use of resettlement to provide\ndurable solutions is likely to be maximized in the context of a comprehensive solution to\na refugee situation. This could be said to occur when an entire population of refugees\nfrom the same country of origin in a given first asylum country secures a durable\nsolution. In most cases, such a durable solution would come about primarily through\nreturn and repatriation, although local integration and resettlement may play a concurrent\nrole. In other cases, the comprehensive solution may arise primarily from local\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "integration with resettlement again playing a supporting role. In very rare circumstances,\nwhere there is a small population with no prospect of return or local integration, or where\na large coalition of participating partners exists, a comprehensive solution might be\nachieved solely through resettlement.\n\n12. There are various situations where resettlement could be used as part of a package of\ndurable solutions in order to create a comprehensive solution. One would be to resettle\nthose persons who might not be able to return to their country of origin or remain in the\ncountry of first asylum after the majority have returned. Although this would also be an\nexample of resettlement for individual protection, the planned use of resettlement in such\na situation could act as a catalyst to support a final decision on repatriation or local\nintegration of the larger population. Where used in this manner, to produce a planned\nand deliberate outcome beyond the benefit provided to the individual refugees, it would\nconstitute a strategic use of resettlement.\n\n13. A second example might occur in a multi-factional civil conflict where by providing\nresettlement to a reluctant faction, the peace process might be facilitated and a durable\nsolution secured for the majority of refugees. Another example might be to resettle a\nminority group, or groups, who owing to their religious, ethnic, linguistic, clan or tribal\norigins, are not able to return despite the general improvement in the situation. Each\nsituation would require a careful analysis in advance of any decisions being taken.\nFurthermore there may well be within all of these examples related to return, persons\nwho have been past victims of actual persecution and for that reason are unwilling to\nreturn. In each of these examples, resettlement might be used to facilitate the return of\nthe majority, thus maximizing the benefits achieved through the use of resettlement.\n\n14. Similarly, in a situation where the bulk of the population was to secure a\ncomprehensive solution through local integration, resettlement might be used to facilitate\nsuch action by providing the means to resolve the situation of a segment of the\npopulation. One might conceive a situation where among a larger population, the first\nasylum state would be willing to offer local integration to groups within the population\nwith religious, ethnic, linguistic, clan or tribal affinity with the population of the first\nasylum state but not those who did not share this affinity. Care would need to be taken\nthat resettlement was used appropriately and was not, inadvertently, simply used to rid\nsocieties of unwanted minority groups. As the resettlement of identified groups would\nfacilitate the larger solution, it would again constitute a strategic use of resettlement.\n\n**Sharing Burdens and Responsibilities More Equitably**\n\n15. Resettlement to support burden sharing is in many respects similar to resettlement as\na durable solution; it is just the expression of a different primary motivation. As in the\ncase where a state undertakes resettlement to provide a durable solution, where it will be\nalso engaging in burden sharing, when a state decides to burden share through\nresettlement, a state will also be providing a durable solution.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16. The analysis is then the same as outlined in the discussion relating to resettlement for\na durable solution. Resettlement as a burden sharing exercise may be commendable and\nwill result in the provision of a durable solution to certain refugees. While it can be\nundertaken by states independently and be strategic, when done in coordination with\nother resettlement countries it is likely to maximize the secondary benefits.\n\n17. In the use of resettlement as a burden-sharing tool, we are not looking at a\ncomprehensive solution being provided to an entire refugee population; but resettlement\nbeing used to benefit a portion of a population in a first asylum country. A more planned\nand coordinated approach to use resettlement in order to burden share may ensure\nadditional benefits are created or that those that arise can be maximized. Part of this\ncoordination may involve negotiation of mutually agreeable arrangements between the\ninternational community and the first asylum state. These may combine undertakings for\nresettlement, in greater numbers than would otherwise be available, accompanied by\nguaranteed additional benefits such as improvements for others in the refugee population,\nthrough the provision of local integration or through an enhancement in the conditions of\nlife in first asylum.\n\n18. Any such arrangements for burden-sharing with guarantees from the first asylum\ncountry, may require a multi-year commitment by the international community to sustain\nthe burden-sharing, as well as possible assistance to aid in the local integration or\nenhanced quality of life.\n\n19. Situations of mass influxes, or ongoing outflows of even small or moderate numbers\nof asylum seekers, can strain a country\u2019s ability to sustain first asylum. Despite other\nassistance flowing from the international community, the strain on a country\u2019s resources\ncould threaten the provision of first asylum and lead to refoulement. For the purposes of\ndiscussion, it is useful to address this situation from two perspectives \u2013 mass outflows\nand stabilized refugee populations.\n\n20. In a mass outflow, the immediate need is to provide material assistance to the\nrefugees in a secure protected environment. The initial international response will\nnormally be the provision of material and financial assistance to aid the first asylum\ncountry in coping with the influx. Where this proves insufficient simply due to the total\nnumbers, resettlement is unlikely to be a useful, or an appropriate, initial response. At a\npractical level, resettlement processing is often lengthy; the initial numbers committed by\nresettlement countries are rarely large and may contribute little to ameliorate the\nsituation. In addition, immediate resettlement out of the region of origin would be\ndetrimental to the objective of ultimate repatriation.\n\n21. A more appropriate response, in the spirit of international solidarity, might be\nhumanitarian evacuation to other countries in the immediate region. The purpose of this\nhumanitarian evacuation would be to provide the evacuated population with immediate\nnon-refoulement protection and adequate standards of treatment; assistance pending a\nstabilization of the outflow; and, allow for the quick repatriation of the population should\nthe causes of the refugee outflow be quickly and effectively resolved. Should the refugee\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "situation become more prolonged, it would also allow for the improvement of standards\nof treatment until effective protection is realized. This humanitarian evacuation may need\nto be supported by the further provision of material and financial assistance from the\ninternational community.\n\n22. Once the refugee situation has stabilized, or in the context of small or moderate\nongoing outflows with little near term likelihood of improving conditions in the country\nof origin, resettlement could play a role in alleviating some of the burden. This may\nrequire the provision of multi-year resettlement commitments by the international\ncommunity to assure the first asylum country of ongoing support in return for that\ncountry\u2019s commitment to the maintenance of open borders and provision of effective\nprotection. Criteria applied to select resettled cases might give some weight to the time\nspent in first asylum so that new arrivals are not given undue preference over older\npopulations. By helping to sustain first asylum protection for the larger refugee\npopulation the use of resettlement in this manner would be strategic. Clear and\ntransparent selection criteria for resettlement in each situation will also help manage\nexpectations. Having noted this possible opportunity for the more strategic use of\nresettlement, it is important that resettlement not be considered as a quid pro quo for\nstates continuing to accept new arrivals. The meeting of a state\u2019s obligation to provide\nasylum should not become dependent upon the provision of resettlement assistance.\n\n23. A further important consideration in using resettlement to help sustain first asylum is\nthe need to avoid the creation of a pull factor, particularly in protracted situations,\nresulting in the outflow becoming predominately economic in motivation. This will\nrequire the ongoing monitoring and periodic review of motivations of new arrivals by the\nUNHCR, host country and resettlement countries. The advent of non-refugee pull factors\nmight be avoided through the development of selection criteria that establishes eligibility,\nand also by putting in place coherent resettlement screening processes. Where it becomes\nevident that such a change in motivation has occurred, collective steps by the UNHCR,\nhost country and resettlement countries should be taken to address the change.\n\n**Protecting Refugees Within Broader Migration Movements**\n\n24. The existence of the asylum/migration nexus and the phenomenon of mixed flows\nare now well accepted. The question is whether resettlement might be used strategically\nto assist in the management of irregular flows of people which may include refugees in\nneed of protection, refugees engaged in a secondary movement and economic migrants.\nIn the scenario being examined here, we are looking at the potential role for resettlement\nof refugees from the country of first asylum as well as those intercepted while in transit\nthrough another country.\n\n25. A starting assumption must be that an irregular movement should not ordinarily be\nrewarded with a resettlement outcome. Clearly, resettlement should not be offered to\neconomic migrants who are found not to be in need of international protection. They\nshould be returned to their country of origin. Depending upon the circumstances, it\nshould also not be offered to those refugees who have, or could have, found effective\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection in another country and would be able to re-avail themselves of such protection.\nRefugees who have, or could have, found effective protection, should be readmitted to\nthe country of first asylum where they found, or could have found, effective protection.\n\n26. The readmission of refugees who had previously secured effective protection, or\navoided the opportunity to secure it **,** can be very difficult to achieve. There is no\ninternational obligation to readmit and in the face of an absence of sufficient international\nassistance, countries are often not inclined to assist. The readmission of such persons,\nhowever, is clearly desirable in order to support the international protection regime. In\nthese circumstances it may be strategic to consider resettlement from the country of first\nasylum. The making available of resettlement opportunities in the first asylum country\nmay assist in deterring further secondary movements by providing the prospect of a\ndurable solution. In addition, entering into agreements with countries of first asylum for\nthe provision of resettlement in conjunction with readmission would act as a significant\ndeterrent to those who might consider irregular movement while at the same time acting\nto relieve the country of first asylum of some of the burden incurred. The provision of\nresettlement may again have to be multi-year; in order to provide a reliable commitment\nto the first asylum country. It would need to be accompanied by the introduction or\ncomprehensive refugee registration and documentation systems. The use of resettlement\nin this manner would be strategic in that it would deter irregular movements, provide an\norderly durable solution for other refugees as well as relieve some of the burden of the\ncountry of first asylum.\n\n27. Secondary movements are usually done irregularly and often involve the use of\nsmugglers or traffickers. Smugglers and traffickers frequently seek to exploit weaknesses\nin a country\u2019s border controls to secure transit for the persons being smuggled or\ntrafficked. Efforts by states to improve their border controls and to combat this\nsmuggling and trafficking will often result in refugees being intercepted in their country.\nThe protection needs of intercepted persons should to be determined and comprehensive\nsolutions applied. Those found to be in need of international protection, and with no\nprospect of return to their countries of origin in the near future, would be dealt with\nthrough possible local integration or third country resettlement. Persons not in need of\ninternational protection should be returned to their country of origin. Where refugees who\nhad previously secured effective protection, or avoided the opportunity to secure it, are\nunable to be readmitted to the country of first asylum, resettlement from the country of\ntransit will ensure that that country is not left alone to deal with the refugee population.\nThis may encourage the country to continue to intercept/disrupt irregular flows rather\nthan allow them to continue along the smuggling route. This should be done, however,\nonly after the smuggling has been brought under control or as part of a comprehensive set\nof measures to bring the smuggling under control and thus prevent resettlement creating a\npull factor. Such comprehensive measures could include capacity building to assist the\ncountry. This would constitute a strategic use of resettlement.\n\n28. A key challenge for the international protection system is the provision of equitable\naccess to asylum, status determination and durable solutions. Repeat asylum claims; and\nasylum shopping, represent a serious drain on the resources committed to the\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "international protection regime. Collective decision-making, particularly by states in\ngeographic proximity, would help avoid many such abuses. Collective decision-making\ncould be particularly attractive, for instance, to groups of smaller states that cannot\nindividually afford the resources for individual asylum determination processes. The\ndistribution of persons found to be refugees, and granted asylum, among the countries\nparticipating in collective decision-making would need to be through a burden-sharing\nmechanism. Resettlement countries outside of the collective decision-making group\ncould, through the pledging of resettlement capacity to resettle a portion of those found to\nbe refugees, encourage the development of such a collective decision-making space. This\nmay encourage additional states to accede to the 1951 Convention thereby strengthening\nthe international resettlement regime. Care would need to be taken to ensure that the\nprovision of resettlement did not act as a draw factor to bring persons into the collective\ndecision-making space. The use of resettlement in this manner would be strategic.\n\n**Achieving the Strategic Use of Resettlement**\n\n29. Currently, there are a small number of countries with regular annual resettlement\nprogrammes that provide what is admittedly a limited global resettlement capacity. Over\ntime, many countries have offered resettlement on an ad hoc basis, some of whom\ncontinue to do so periodically. A number of states, facing the challenges of mixed flows\nof migrants and refugees have either reduced their resettlement quotas or stopped\nparticipating in resettlement. Meeting the needs of those requiring individual protection is\na primary aim of much of the currently available resettlement capacity. As advocated in\nthe Agenda for Protection, if resettlement is to be used strategically with the desired\noutcome, a substantial increase in the global resettlement capacity is required.\n\n30. Such an increase is not likely to come solely from the existing resettlement countries;\nnor should that be expected. Increasing the number of countries with annual resettlement\nprogrammes will be an important step to increase the resettlement capacity that will be\nnecessary for strategic use. In addition to expanding the number of resettlement\ncountries, there is also a need to diversify the geographic distribution of available\nresettlement; a need for resettlement opportunities to be available in all regions of the\nworld. People should not be forced, through lack of opportunity, to leave their regions of\norigin in order to start a new life. Hardly any country is too poor, too small, or too\npopulated not to be able to offer a new life to a small number of refugees each year.\n\n31. The expansion and diversification of countries having annual resettlement\nprogrammes could benefit from the provision of expertise and advice to emerging\nresettlement countries as they build their capacity to offer resettlement. UNHCR will\nneed to play an important catalytic role in this regard in order to initially guide emerging\nresettlement states to potential sources of expertise. Twinning arrangements, secondment\nof staff, exchanges among NGOs and the development of best practices are examples of\npossible options to be considered. Consideration might also be given for the provision of\ninternational financial assistance to offset some of the initial resettlement arrival costs\nwhen resettlement is to a developing country. Such assistance could be provided\nbilaterally or multilaterally through the UNHCR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "32. The need for greater resettlement capacity to ensure there are enough places\navailable to provide resettlement to those in need of an individual protection solution as\nwell as to use strategically is not the only change that will be needed in order to achieve a\nmore strategic use of resettlement. There will also be a need for a significant change in\nthinking by UNHCR, resettlement countries and countries providing first asylum towards\nthe provision of asylum and durable solutions as well as their roles in the broader\ninternational protection system. In addition, there is a need to make the resettlement\nprocess, both the identification of potential candidates for resettlement and their\nprocessing by resettlement countries, more efficient. UNHCR has already launched a\ncomprehensive review of its resettlement management and operational practices.\n\n33. Currently, some resettlement countries largely determine the use of their resettlement\ncapacity based on domestic considerations. Whether this is in regard to the identification\nof populations to be resettled or categories of vulnerable persons to be given priority,\ndomestic influences often take precedence over international needs and opportunities in\ndetermining the allocation of resettlement capacity. Other resettlement countries\ndetermine their use of resettlement capacity based on international need, regional and\ngeographic considerations. It is unreasonable to expect that domestic considerations will\ncease to be considered; many of these domestic factors encourage public support for\nrefugees. However, resettlement could be enhanced, and its use become more strategic,\nif countries begin to act more collectively in pursuing agreed upon goals. In doing so,\ncountries may well take on different roles, but in a more coordinated manner.\n\n34. Achieving the strategic use of resettlement will require greater international\nconsultation and collective decision-making in determining the appropriate response to\nrefugee outflows and the durable solution needs of a refugee population. The UNHCR,\nhosting countries and resettlement countries will need to engage in collective analysis and\ndecision-making on the appropriate action to be taken regarding particular refugee\npopulations and between refugee populations.\n\n35. We recognize that most countries operate on single year budgetary authority. Multiyear commitments to resettlement however, would represent a valuable tool in many\nsituations. Resettlement states may wish therefore to explore securing the authority to\nmake multi-year pledges for a portion of their traditional annual capacity.\n\n36. Resettlement countries will need to take different approaches to determining a\nperson\u2019s eligibility for resettlement referral. Achieving a comprehensive solution to a\nparticular caseload may require the resettling of a population of refugees who have\nindividual protection needs, or it could involve resettling a group of refugees whose\nresettlement needs flow from being a member of the group. If resettlement is going to be\nused strategically there will likely be a need for greater focus on the resettlement of\ngroups of persons. The analysis of the needs of the group and their identification for\nresettlement would substitute in many cases for an individual assessment of resettlement\nneed. This would not eliminate the need for individual screening to identify potential\nexclusion cases or persons inadmissible for other reasons.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "37. As states develop a better and more shared concept of the strategic use of\nresettlement, further work on the selection criteria to be applied in different situations\nwould be useful. The Working Group on Resettlement has been tasked by the Agenda\nfor Protection to continue its examination of the selection criteria to be applied in mass\ndisplacement situations (Goal 3, Objective 6, Action 2).\n\n38. In seeking to use resettlement strategically, resettlement states will need to consider\nhow broader linkages can be achieved through partnership with first asylum states. First\nasylum states need to be more open to making commitments on behalf of refugees\nbeyond the provision of first asylum protection. This may entail commitments with\nrespect to the maintenance of effective protection, the provision of local integration or the\nacceptance of returns from secondary movements. The involvement of an agreement for\nsome action by the first asylum country in conjunction with resettlement could potentially\nconvert a non-strategic situation into a strategic one. Such agreements would ideally\narise from the collective analysis of the country of first asylum, the UNHCR and\nresettlement countries. Agreements could be broadly multilateral in nature or as simple\nas one between one resettlement country, a hosting country and UNHCR.\n\n39. Delivery of larger resettlement numbers will need to be undertaken in a more\nefficient fashion in order to avoid huge increases in costs for UNHCR and reduce the\ncosts for resettlement countries. Current processing arrangements are resource intensive\nand expensive. Improved registration procedures and processes can contribute\nsignificantly to a more efficient resettlement regime. It must be done much earlier in a\nrefugee situation, include data on the potential need for resettlement, such as group\nidentification, and also involve a better identification of persons who would be\nexcludable.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n40. As noted in the introduction, even in the most ideal of circumstances only a minority\nof the world\u2019s refugees could hope to be resettled to a third country. Undoubtedly there\nwill be competing situations where resettlement could be used strategically and states will\nneed to develop some means of deciding which caseloads/protracted situations should be\nselected. This may ultimately be a mixture of maximizing the strategic use or benefit that\nmight be achieved and humanitarian considerations. Creating the conditions for a more\nstrategic use of resettlement will, however, require states to embrace some truly\ninternational cooperation and solidarity for the benefit of refugees. The benefits from\nsuch an approach could be considerable; it could contribute to a significant expansion of\ndurable solutions as well as re-establish the international community\u2019s ability to provide\nmore planned and orderly solutions to the needs of refugees.\n\n41. Resettlement has been proposed by the High Commissioner as an issue lending itself\nto possible treatment within the Convention Plus framework. The Standing Committee\nmay therefore wish to ensure that the suggestions in this paper are given further\nconsideration in the UNHCR FORUM. The FORUM will provide an opportunity for\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "states, and other actors, to explore to what extent more collective approaches could be\nused to address refugee needs. The multilateral agreements envisaged by Convention\nPlus might allow resettlement to be used more strategically in order to maximize the\nbenefits that can be derived from its use.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d049ddde-3323-3971-abec-3f91cab863fa/CB756831F89593BFC1257267004C1ED3-UNHCR%20June2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_276/raw/doc_276_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_276/raw/doc_276_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 967d4e6ca5de2cf2628ec7569015d1866f583c4b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_276/raw/doc_276_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,919 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Preliminary Data Analysis \u2013 Displacement Patterns in north Iraq\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Patterns", - "confidence": 0.8681798577308655, - 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"usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.763830840587616, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - 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"confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Category mapping\n\nmaster$Hosted.or.Owned.Accomodation <- sum( master$IDP.Owned.House,\nmaster$With.Relative,\nmaster$With.HC.non.Relative)\n\nmaster$Rented.Accomodation <- sum(master$Rented.House,\nmaster$Rented.Hotel,)\n\nmaster$Organised.site <- pum( master$Collective.centres,\nmaster$Mosques.Holly.Shrines,\nmaster$Military.Camps)\n\nmaster$Improvised.site <- sum( master$IDPs.in.Camps.or.transit.camps,\nmaster$Abandoned.public.buildings.under.construction)\n\nmaster$Squatted.schools <- psum( master$School.Building)\n\nmaster$Open.air <- psum( master$Informal.settlements,\nmaster$Unknown.or.other,)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Data Source: IOM- Displacement Tracking matrix - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014](http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking matrix", - "confidence": 0.8540511131286621, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7357854843139648, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7859565615653992, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### National Cluster Coordinator: Henrik Nordentoft, nordento@unhcr.org Sub-National Cluster coordinator (North): Andrew Cusak, cusak@unhcr.org Information Management Officer: Edouard Legoupil, legoupil@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a8412062-17b4-38ac-9795-088416718815/CCCM-preliminary-data-analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_277/raw/doc_277_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_277/raw/doc_277_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a3e8f31bdbffcf7b3c6c142aaf66602b5c2c4976..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_277/raw/doc_277_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,340 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT (CCCM) AND SHELTER** **AND NON-FOOD ITEM (NFI) SECTOR END-OF-YEAR REVIEW WORKSHOP** **REPORT** **4 \u2013 6 DECEMBER 2024** **MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE**\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Background:**\nThe Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) and Shelter and Non-Food Item (NFI) Sector held its\nannual end-of-year review workshop from 4-6 December 2024. This workshop brought together stakeholders,\nincluding sectoral implementation partners and government representatives, to reflect on accomplishments,\nchallenges, and lessons learned in 2024. The primary objectives of the workshop were to assess the sector's\nperformance, identify gaps and areas for improvement, and develop actionable recommendations for 2025. This\nreport provides a summary of the workshop, key discussions, and recommendations. It aims to serve as a valuable\nresource for sector partners involved in the CCCM & SNFI Sector, guiding future efforts to enhance coordination,\nimprove service delivery, and support the affected populations according to the 2025 Humanitarian Needs Response\nPlan (HNRP).\n\n\nAbout the sector:\n\n\n - The Federal Government of Nigeria and the UN activated the CCCM, Shelter, and NFI sector in 2015 to\n\nrespond to the deteriorating humanitarian situation. The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)\nis the leading government counterpart, while IOM and UNHCR are the co-leads for the CCCM/Shelter-NFI\nsector.\n\n\n - The number of sector partners include CCCM with 22 partners (15 national NGOs, 5 INGOs, and 2 UN\n\nagencies) and Shelter/NFI with 15 partners (5 national NGOs, 8 INGOs, and 2 UN agencies).\n\n\n - The Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) consists of agencies from the Government (State and Federal), UNHCR,\n\nIOM, 2 INGOs, and 1 NNGO. The SAG deals with strategic matters related to the sector and may be\ndelegated to resolve issues that cannot be adequately addressed by sector members in regular meetings.\n\n\n - The CCCM Shelter and NFI Technical Working Group (TWiG) is responsible for developing and producing the\n\nSector\u2019s Technical Standards for CCCM Shelter and NFI assistance in North-Eastern Nigeria.\n\n\n - The sector is mandated to promote coherent, protection-oriented humanitarian responses for displaced\n\npopulations through a strengthened coordination mechanism in the north-east of Nigeria.\n\n\n**Introduction:** The workshop was preceded by a round of introductions from the participants, followed by opening\nremarks from the Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) and the National\nEmergency Management Agency (NEMA) leadership.\n\n\n**Opening Remark**\n\n\nWhile welcoming the participants, the Zonal Coordinator of NEMA, the Executive Secretary of Yobe SEMA, and their\ncounterparts from Adamawa and Borno States emphasized the importance of the workshop as a platform to reflect\non the achievements of 2024 and to strategize for the 2025 Humanitarian Needs Response Plan (HNRP).\nParticipants were encouraged to actively engage, share their experiences, and contribute insights to strengthen\ncollective response and coordination efforts across the BAY states. They praised the humanitarian efforts and called\nfor enhanced synergies with the government to achieve a more effective humanitarian response.\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Situational Overview**\n\n\n**The displacement situation and plans for Adamawa and Yobe were presented.**\n\n\n**Adamawa State:** Below are the updates from ADSEMA on displacement trends, government interventions, and\npriorities for 2025:\n\n\n**Overview:**\n\n\n - Adamawa State has 17 IDP sites across six LGAs, including two formal sites: Malkohi and Fufore\n\n - There were 18,136 individuals in camps and camp-like settings, 195,103 IDPs in host communities, and\n862,874 returnees.\n\n - A total of 64,868 individuals were affected by floods, resulting in 14,393 displacements, 143 injuries, and 36\ndeaths.\n\n - A total of 12,423 hectares of farmland were submerged, affecting 170 communities during the rainy season.\nDue to the flooding, 13 IDP sites were established, but only 2 remain, housing 466 households.\n\n - Service infrastructure, including 9 bridges, 19 culverts, 17 worship centers, and 27 schools, were affected\nby the flood.\n\n\nMain reasons for displacement in Adamawa in 2024 were: **I** nsurgency, communal clashes, farmer-herder conflicts,\narmed banditry/kidnapping, flooding, drought, fire outbreaks and wind and rainstorms. In his presentation, the ES\nSEMA representative noted that some of these changes might still impact the response in 2025, with the state\ngovernment prioritizing durable solutions.\n\nThe Adamawa State government has created a conducive environment for durable solution partners. Some of the key\nactions taken included Intention surveys were conducted in two formal displacement sites, and land was provided\nfor IDP integration in Malkohi settlement, Kwanan Yaji in Gombi, Dauchi in Song, and Labondo in Girei.\n\n\nAs part of the support for return efforts, the Adamawa State government will provide return packages, has allocated\n15 hectares of land in Madagali LGA (where IOM/UNDP are constructing durable shelters), and will promote skill\nacquisition through training.\n\n\n**Key concerns noted in Adamawa included:**\n\n\n - 466 households in Madagali LGA required shelter.\n\n - Need to enhance livelihood and food security interventions\n\n - 18 health centers required renovation.\n\n - Need to promote good farm practices, training for farmers.\n\n - There was a need to renovate bridges and roads, especially the main access road to Maiduguri, following\nthe heavy rainfall.\n\n\n**Yobe State:** Below are the updates from YOSEMA on displacement trends, government interventions, and priorities\nfor 2025:\n\n\n**Overview:**\n\n\n - **Affected Population:** 68,954 individuals (28,977 households) were affected by flooding across Yobe State.\n\n - **Injuries and Deaths:** 544 individuals were injured, and 47 deaths were recorded due to the floods.\n\n - **Shelter Damage:** 43,543 shelters, primarily mud houses, were damaged.\n\n - **Public Facilities:** 69 public facilities, including schools and healthcare centers, were affected.\n\n - **Communities Impacted:** 601 communities across all 17 LGAs were impacted by the flood.\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "During the flooding incidents in Yobe, majority of the displaced communities sought refuge in neighbouring\ncommunities while 2,090 (7.2%) households affected by flooding temporarily occupied government housing estates\nand primary schools. YOSEMA also reported that conflict (communal related to HLP, farmer-herders) and insurgency\nare some of the triggers for displacement. Between June and October 2024, most incidents were recorded in\nDamaturu (39), Gujba (38), and Geidam (6). Fatalities included Damaturu (3), Geidam (3), Gujba (10), Tarmua (100+),\nGulani (2), and Fika (2).\n\n\nThe most common incident types and locations to inform 2025 planning are as follows:\n\n\n - **Boko** **Haram** **(BH)** **Attacks:** Geidam, - **Farmers-Herders Clashes:** Jakusko, Gulani,\nTarmua, Yunusari Fune\n\n - **Floods:** Bade, Nguru, Nengere - **Kidnap:** Fika\n\n - **Murder:** Damaturu - **Crime:** Damaturu, Potiskum\n\n - **Forceful Displacement:** Gujba - **Civil Unrest:** Fune\n\n - **Arrest of BH Log Suppliers:** Bursari\nYOSEMA observed that the overall impact of the displacement led to reduced farming activities, impacting food\nsecurity, limiting socio-economic activities, and further hindering the ability to reach vulnerable communities **.**\n\n\n**Lessons Learned from Flood Responses in 2024:**\n\n\n - Preparation and resources were inadequate for the disaster's scale. Disaster preparedness plans should\ninclude the stockpiling of essential resources. Additionally, emergency response teams should receive\nregular refresher training and simulation exercises.\n\n - The state (Yobe) was alerted less than ten days before neighboring states opened dams, leaving little time\nfor evacuation. There should be an advanced early warning system that provides timely information and\nestablishes clear communication channels between neighboring states and local authorities. In some\nstates (Yobe) communities were hesitant to relocate; therefore, it is essential to engage with communities\nto raise awareness about the significance of relocation during an emergency.\n\n - Bad road infrastructure and insufficient drainage systems hindered water flow, causing flooding in upstream\ncommunities. Improving road infrastructure and drainage systems can improve water flow and reduce\nflooding, as well as regular maintenance and upgrades to existing infrastructure to withstand extreme\nweather events.\n\n - Non-compliance with town planning laws resulted in encroachment on waterways, causing flash flooding in\nurban areas. Strengthening the enforcement of town planning regulations to prevent encroachment on\nwaterways, including regular inspections, and taking corrective action against illegal structures is\nnecessary.\n\n - Damage to roads and bridges caused delays in emergency relief deliveries. Conducting regular inspections\nand taking appropriate action against illegal structures is crucial.\n\n - The state's capacity and participation from relevant Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs were\ninsufficient to meet the overwhelming demands. Increasing the capacity of state agencies and MDAs\nthrough training and resources and developing a coordinated response plan involving all relevant MDAs and\nstakeholders is essential.\n\n - Many key MDAs lacked consistent funding for emergency humanitarian response. Advocating for consistent\nfunding for emergency humanitarian response is necessary.\n\n - The overwhelming contribution of local communities in supporting the affected households was not\nsufficiently acknowledged and documented. Documenting and acknowledging the efforts of local\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communities in disaster response and recovery and involving community leaders in planning and decisionmaking processes to maximize local knowledge and resources is important **.**\n\n - Implementing partners emphasized the importance of accountability and transparency in addressing the\nneeds of the affected population. Regular monitoring and evaluation to track progress, identify gaps, and\nreport in a timely and accurate manner to the sector will enhance the overall effectiveness and efficiency of\nthe interventions.\n\n\n**Shelter and NFI Sector Key Achievement 2024**\n\n\nShelter and NFI sector partners provided responses to 26,792 HHs with shelter and 65,863HH NFI interventions\nacross 47 LGAs. Borno had 14 partners, Adamawa (3) and Yobe (4).\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Summary of SNFI achievements across BAY states:** **[Microsoft Power BI](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNGMyMDVhZTItMjNmZC00NTBjLThlMGUtZjAzODg2YzhjMjExIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)**\n\n\n**CCCM Sector Key Achievement 2024**\n\n\nCCCM sector partners provided responses to 1,171,400 individuals across 47 LGAs through 17 active partners.\n\n\n**Summary of CCCM achievements across BAY states:** **[Microsoft Power BI](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNGMyMDVhZTItMjNmZC00NTBjLThlMGUtZjAzODg2YzhjMjExIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)**\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2024 Cluster Coordination Performance Monitoring Report**\n\n\nThe findings of the CCPM report were presented during the end of year review workshop below is the summary:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Summary of the results of
core functions|Strong|Satisfactory|Unsatisfactory|Weak|Don\u2019t
Know|Overall|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Function 1: Supporting**
**service delivery**|21%|64%|9%|2%|4%|**79%**|\n|**Function**
**2:**
**Strategic**
**decisions:**
**Informing**
**HC/HCT**
**strategic**
**decision-making**|28%|57%|9%|0%|6%|**80%**|\n|**Function 3: Planning and**
**implementing**
**cluster**
**strategy**|28%|53%|6%|4%|9%|**77%**|\n|**Function 4: M&E**|21%|53%|6%|13%|21%|**74%**|\n|**Function**
**5:**
**Building**
**national**
**capacity**
**in**
**preparedness**
**and**
**contingency planning**|30%|45%|9%|4%|30%|**75%**|\n|**Function 6: Advocacy**|23%|53%|4%|6%|13%|**74%**|\n|**Function**
**7:**
**Accountability to affected**
**population**|26%|55%|4%|6%|9%|**77%**|\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Anticipatory actions: CCCM and SNFI**\n\n\nThis session was facilitated by the OCHA IM to enhance preparedness and response strategies in BAY state. The\nobjective was to strengthen the capacity for anticipatory action in 2025 responses.\n\n\n**Preparedness Actions: Fire Outbreaks**\n\n\nBelow is the overview of the fire response and preparedness delivered by CCCM Global Cluster Fires Safety focal\nperson:\n\n\n - Fire poses a universal risk to refugees and IDPs, undermining humanitarian efforts, with responses often\noverlooked and left to host states.\n\n - Supplies for IDPs are highly flammable, and current risk mapping methods fail to capture the unique risks in\ncamp settings.\n\n\nData sourced from the Health Sector Report, September 2024, and the CCCM Sector highlights the significant\nimpact of fire on displaced communities, sometimes leading to death. Below are the reported causes of deaths in\ndisplacement sites, positions fire as a major concern:\n\n\n - 214 deaths from Diphtheria\n\n - 113 deaths from Measles\n\n - 52 deaths due to Fire\n\n - 46 deaths from Cholera\n\n - 37 deaths related to Flooding\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "There is no \u2018Universal Solution\u2019 \u2013 \u2018One Size\u2019 does NOT fit all solution to fire outbreaks in camps.\n\n\n**A Guide to Fire Risk Planning**\n\n\nThe flowchart provides a structured approach to assessing and managing fire risk in displacement settings. By\nfollowing these steps, agencies and communities can take proactive measures to prevent fires and mitigate their\nimpact.\n\n\n**2025 Nigeria Humanitarian Project Cycle (HPC) update**\n\n\nThe sector provided an update on the HPC for North-East Nigeria, detailing the People in Need (PIN), target\npopulations, and response strategies for both CCCM and SNFI in 2025. These sessions outlined the strategic plans\nand objectives for 2025, emphasizing the importance of coordinated efforts and prioritization to meet the needs of\naffected communities.\n\n\n**CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy**\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Response strategy: it will be guided by the strategic objectives of the 2025 HNRP set by the Humanitarian Country\nTeam (HCT) and the CCCM sector will focus on Specific Objectives 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1. The response aims to\nstrengthen life-saving assistance, improve living conditions for displaced populations, and reduce humanitarian\nneeds in both camp and non-camp settings.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CCCM Log Frame|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Strategic Objective|Sector Objective
Enhance displacement management in camps, areas of return, and
out-of-camp sites to enhance equitable and dignified access to
services, assistance, and protection for IDPs through CCCM
responses.|\n|SO 1: Save lives and alleviate suffering \u2013 i.e.
emergency operations|SO 1: Save lives and alleviate suffering \u2013 i.e.
emergency operations|\n|SO 2: Provide or facilitate protection for people
affected by conflict and natural disasters in line
with humanitarian and human rights law.|Enhance protection for people affected by conflict and natural
disasters during displacement while seeking and advocating for
durable solutions.|\n|SO 3: Transform affected people\u2019s lives so they
become less dependent on humanitarian aid and
have their basic needs met in a dignified way|Enhance resilience and improve the ability of communities and local
partners to cope with displacement and promote local ownership and
self-governance
through
inclusive
participation,
gender
mainstreaming, and engagement of displaced persons.|\n\n\n**CCCM presence** :\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CCCM Sector Multi-year Response Overview from 2021 to 2025:**\n\n\n - The CCCM sector has consistently faced significant funding shortfalls throughout the years covered (20212025).\n\n - In 2024, the funding rate was at its lowest, with only 19% of the $19.6 million requested received.\n\n - Underfunding continues to have a significant impact on the CCCM sector's response.\n\n - For 2025, the response cost is $16.3 million.\n\n\n**SNFI Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy**\n\n\nResponse strategy: it will be guided by the strategic objectives of the 2025 HNRP set by the Humanitarian Country\nTeam (HCT) and the SNFI sector will focus on Specific Objectives 1 and 3. The response aims towards achieving\nimproved access to essential services and dignity, enhancing privacy and security of tenure, and providing protection\nfrom harsh environmental conditions and ensuring safe living conditions for those in need.\n\n\n11 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Shelter and NFI log frame**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Strategic Objective|Sector Objective|Response Approach|\n|---|---|---|\n|**SO**
**1:**
Save
lives
and
alleviate suffering \u2013 i.e.
emergency operations|Provide
life-saving
shelter/non-food
items (NFIs) assistance through timely
and quality delivery of integrated
people-centered shelter solutions and
enhance preparedness actions while
minimizing the negative environmental
impact.|People living in substandard shelters with
critical, life-threatening needs should be
supported
with
emergency
shelter
solutions, such as reconstruction, repair,
or distribution. This will improve their living
space, privacy, and protection from
natural disasters and other risk factors.
Additionally, this support should be
complemented with the distribution of
non-food items (NFI), either loose or
complete. This response approach will be
guided by contextual realities and closely
coordinated with the sector and relevant
government agencies.|\n|**SO 2:** Provide or facilitate
protection
for
people
affected by conflict and
natural disasters in line with
humanitarian and human
rights law.|Promote
timely
access
to
safe,
dignified,
and
appropriate
shelter
solutions, in accordance with the
humanitarian principles and the right to
adequate housing.|The Shelter/NFI sector will focus on
transitional shelter solutions, including
construction and repairs, with the goal of
achieving
durable
solutions
in
collaboration with other humanitarian
programs and the government.|\n|**SO 3:** Transform affected
people\u2019s
lives
so
they
become less dependent on
humanitarian aid and have
their basic needs met in a
dignified way.|Enhance
the
delivery
of
shelter
solutions
to
build
community
resilience, restore dignity, and facilitate
recovery efforts through the provision of
appropriate
long-term
sustainable
shelter solutions for people in need.|The sector approach will involve providing
long-term sustainable shelter solutions
that build community resilience, ensuring
that basic needs are met in a dignified
manner.|\n\n\n**SNFI partners presence:**\n\n\n\n\n\n12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SNFI Sector Multi-year Response Overview from 2021 to 2025**\n\n\n - The SNFI sector has consistently faced significant funding shortfalls throughout the years covered (20212025).\n\n - 2024 was the highest amount of funding received at $31.4 million, which represents 13.3% of the requested\namount.\n\n - Underfunding continues to have a significant impact on the SNFI sector's response.\n\n - For 2025, the response cost is $$60.9 million.\n\n\n**Group discussions: Response Strategies**\n\n\nThere were breakout sessions for CCCM and SNFI sector in the below thematic areas to discuss on Strategies,\nopportunities, challenges and recommendations\n\n\n**CCCM:**\n\n\n\n1. **ABA/UDOC/Out of camp**\n\n\n\n|Strategy|Opportunities|Challenges|Recommendation|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|-
Mapping
out
of
communities/partners
-
Need assessment
-
Identification
and
prioritization
of
communities
-
Resources
mobilization/staffing
-
Community entry and
consultations.
|-
Area based approach
using mobile team
-
Monitoring
and
identification gaps
-
Identification
of
a
suitable
location
for
community center
-
Establish
2
communication
and
feedback mechanisms
-
coordination
mechanism
|-
Difficulty in identification
of
IDPs
in
host
community
-
Funding
-
HLP issues
-
Flooding
|-
Using government facilities for
community centers
-
Improve
engagement
and
advocacy
of
BAY
states
governments
-
Capacity
strengthening
for
relevant stakeholders on the
approach
-
Alignment
with
BAY
states
durable solutions
|\n\n\n|Strategy|Opportunities|Challenges|Recommendation|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|-
Capacity Assessment
-
Capacity-building
workshop
for
the
community.
-
Inclusivity in Decision-
Making
-
Clean
Roles
and
Responsibilities
-
Transparency
and
Accountability.
|-
Availability
and
willingness of CSO\u2019s
and CBO\u2019s take full
ownership
-
Effective Cost
-
Durable solution and
community Acceptance
|-
Cultural
and
social
barriers
-
Power imbalance
-
Conflict of Interest
-
Lack of accountability
mechanism
|-
Understanding
the
context/Interest and managing
expectations.
-
Strengthening
knowledge
based on CSO\u2019s CBO\u2019s etc.
-
Ensure
self-inclusive
programming
to
promote
ownership
-
Periodic
monitoring
and
evaluation of programming
-
Utilizing/promotion community
resilience through use of local
resources.
|\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. **Self-governance and community participation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Need assessment", - "confidence": 0.911838710308075, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities/partners", - "confidence": 0.5585026144981384, - "start": 184, - "end": 187 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Locations of prioritization for the soft and hardware components of CCCM**\n\n\n\n|Strategy|Opportunities|Challenges|Recommendation|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|-
Integrated
Humanitarian
Assistance:
Combine
Shelter/NFIs,
WaSH,
CCCM, Protection, and
Nutrition interventions
to address urgent needs
comprehensively.
-
Community
Engagement:
Strengthen community
participation in planning
and
implementing
programs to enhance
ownership
and
sustainability.
-
Partnerships:
Collaborate
with
government
agencies,
INGOs,
and
local
partners for efficient
service delivery.
-
Capacity
Building:
Train local stakeholders
and staff for resilience-
building and improved
service delivery.|-
Stabilizing
Security:
Relative improvements
in security in some
LGAs
create
a
conducive environment
for
scaled-up
interventions.
-
Local
Collaboration:
Active local leadership
and
community
structures can enhance
program
implementation.
-
Market
Recovery:
Operational markets in
accessible
areas
support
MPCA
interventions.
|-
Access:
Insecurity
limits access to remote
and
conflict-affected
areas.
-
Infrastructure:
Poor
road networks hinder
the timely delivery of
aid.
-
Funding Gaps: Limited
resources
to
cover
comprehensive
and
sustained interventions.
-
Market Disruption: In
some
areas,
market
systems remain weak,
affecting
cash-based
interventions.
|-
Increase
Resource
Mobilization:
Advocate
for
more funding to ensure the
scale and sustainability of
interventions.
-
Strengthen
Coordination:
Leverage
inter-agency
collaboration
to
ensure
a
unified and effective response.
-
Expand Access Mechanisms:
Employ innovative approaches,
such as airlifting supplies and
using local intermediaries, to
reach hard-to-access LGAs.
-
Promote Resilience Building:
Invest in livelihoods, education,
and psychosocial support to
help communities transition
from dependence to recovery.
-
Enhance
Monitoring
and
Evaluation: Implement robust
systems to track progress and
adapt interventions as needed.|\n\n\n**SNFI**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Strategy|Opportunities|Challenges|Recommendation|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|- Clear SOP/Framework
- Resouce inventory
- Communication
platform
- training
|- Efficiency
in
emergency
responses
- Streamline logistics supply
- Reduced
procurement
procedures
|-
Coordination
and
communication
-
Standardization (SOP)
-
Scalability
-
Funding and resources
-
Storage
-
Access
-
Response time
-
Logistics
|-
To improve coordination and
communication
-
Dedicated funding
-
Provision of storage facilities at
strategic locations.
|\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n\n**1.** **Common pipeline/Stockpiling**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|2. Transitional shelters|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Strategy**|**Opportunities**
|**Challenges**
|**Recommendation**|\n|Modalities:
-
Cash
for
shelter
(conditional
cash
support
and
unconditional
cash
support)
-
Direct
implementation
-
Community
participation|-
It lasts longer than an
emergency shelter
-
Suitable for returned
areas
and
host
communities
-
It
is
environmentally
friendly and sustainable
-
Needed
material
is
locally available and fire
resistant|- Construction
during
rainy
season is slow
- Environmental
consequences
- More expensive than an
emergency
shelter
solution
- HLP challenges
- Funding constraints
- Technical expertise required|- This is aligned to the government
policy of banning the use of
plastic tarpaulin hence it should
be a priority for sector partners
- Advocacy with donors for fund
raising
- Collaboration
with
and
implementation of transitional
shelter solution to align with
government strategy.
- Selection
of
beneficiaries
with
prioritization
of
vulnerable
family.
- Strengthening
the
technical
capacity
of
partners
and
community.|\n\n\n\nA presentation on cash for shelter solutions was delivered by representative from the Global Shelter Cluster. Below\nare the key points:\n\n\n - Cash is a tool, (not a sector), that can be used to achieve shelter outcomes in sectoral programming and/or\nto address basic needs in MPCA programs.\n\n - It is important for Shelter/NFI Cluster Coordinators to be involved in the MEB development process and the\nMPCA transfer value calculation.\n\n - Having data available will help inform the MEB design process, particularly related to Shelter and NFI\npriorities and expenditures, as well as market information on the availability and price of priority shelter and\nNFI goods and services.\n\n - The extent to which MPCA can contribute to meeting shelter needs is entirely context dependent. Therefore,\nit is crucial for Shelter Coordinators to engage with the Cash Working Group, as they can be a helpful\nresource for shelter-specific cash programming.\n\n\n**Housing Land and Property (HLP):** The HLP AoR reiterated the need for close collaboration with sector partners due\nto the increasing HLP-related issues across the BAY states. The HLP AoR works to ensure that displaced persons\nhave access to adequate shelter and that their property rights are protected.\n\n\nResource for HLP: [https://response.reliefweb.int/nigeria/house-land-and-property/assessments](https://response.reliefweb.int/nigeria/house-land-and-property/assessments) and\nhttps://globalprotectioncluster.org/AoR/HLP\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MEB", - "confidence": 0.5161377191543579, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.7702484130859375, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Donor Engagement:**\n\n\nRRF provides an overview of RRF, Eligibility, proposal development and reporting, M&E, Budget development and\nfinancial reporting. For details refer to the RRF presentation\n\n\nECHO and BHA: were unable to attend the workshop due to unforeseen circumstances beyond their control.\nHowever, they have provided a document to guide partners which has been shared for reference. Also an overview of\nthe 2 donors has been presented by the sector using the reference document shared.\n\n\n**Way forward and recommendations**\n\n\n - Sector partners recommended implementing penalties for those using substandard materials in\ninterventions for affected populations in need, following concerns raised by the sector.\n\n - Organize refresher training sessions on drafting proposals for sector partners, as requested after the\nworkshop.\n\n - The government recommends conducting a mid-year review before the end-of-year review. Each agency\nshould present their activities, including plans for the remaining period, challenges, and lessons learned.\nAlthough initially planned, the mid-year review did not occur due to unforeseen events such as floods and\nfire outbreaks.\n\n - Emphasize the need for enhanced monitoring and evaluation to strengthen response and coordination\nefforts, based on findings from the CCPM.\n\n - Lessons learned from 2024 activities should be streamlined in 2025.\n\n - Promote cross-learning between NGOs and government agencies, as well as interstate NGOs.\n\n - Strengthening community engagement and participation.\n\n - Partners should inform the sector of all their activities. The sector will guide partners according to the 2025\nHNRP plan.\n\n\n16 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " \n\n**Annex I:** Agenda\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Day one: 4 December 2024|Col2|Col3|Facilitator|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|08.3
0|09.0
0|Registration|All|\n|09.0
0|09.
45|- Introductions
- Opening Remarks (5 mins each)
- Setting the scene (10min)|Dr Barkindo Mohammed Saidu-
**Borno SEMA DG**
Dr
Goje
Mohammed-
**Yobe**
**SEMA DG**
Mohammed Suleiman
- **Adamawa SEMA DG**
Surajo Garba -**NEMA**
**Zonal Coordinator**
**Moderate:**Sector Coordinator|\n|09.
45|11:
30|Situational Overview
- Displacement situational updates including
government plans from Borno, Adamawa & Yobe
states (10 min each)
- Discussions Q&As (15 minutes)
_The aim of this section is to outline key government_
_priorities and boundaries for 2025 implementation_.
_Include reflection of 2024._|



**SEMA DG** **Yobe**
**SEMA DG Adamawa**
**SEMA DG-Borno**
**Moderate:**NEMA Zonal Coordinator
& Sector|\n|11.30|12.00|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|\n|12.00|13:00|- CCCM and SNFI Sector overview
- Snapshot 2024 CCCM and SNFI|Felix Mesa|\n|13.00|14:00|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|\n|14.00|15.00|- 2024
Cluster
Coordination
Performance
Monitoring Report (15 min)
- Discussions: Action Plan (45 minutes)|
Felix & Austine|\n|15:00|15:45|-
Anticipatory actions: CCCM and SNFI|OCHA|\n|15:45|16:00|**Coffee break**||\n|16:00|16:30|-
Anticipatory actions: CCCM and SNFI
-
Discussions Q & A|OCHA|\n|16:30||**Closing day one**||\n\n\n\n17 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Day two: 5 December 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Fac
ilita
tor|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|08.30|08.30|09.00|Recap|Recap|Recap|Recap|NGO|NGO|\n|09.30|09.30|10.30|- 2025 Nigeria HPC update
- CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy
- SNFI Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy|- 2025 Nigeria HPC update
- CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy
- SNFI Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy|- 2025 Nigeria HPC update
- CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy
- SNFI Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy|- 2025 Nigeria HPC update
- CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy
- SNFI Sector 2025 HNRP: PIN, Target, and Response Strategy|Irene & Felix|Irene & Felix|\n|10.30|10.30|10.45|Discussions Q&A on 2025 HNRP (15 minutes)|Discussions Q&A on 2025 HNRP (15 minutes)|Discussions Q&A on 2025 HNRP (15 minutes)|Discussions Q&A on 2025 HNRP (15 minutes)|Irene & Felix|Irene & Felix|\n|10.45|10.45|11.00|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|_Coffee Break_|\n|11.00|11.00|12.00|Preparedness Actions: Fire Outbreaks|Preparedness Actions: Fire Outbreaks|Preparedness Actions: Fire Outbreaks|Preparedness Actions: Fire Outbreaks|CHAMBERLAIN
Paul
Charles
IOM
Global
CCCM Cluster|CHAMBERLAIN
Paul
Charles
IOM
Global
CCCM Cluster|\n|12:00|12:00|13:00|**Group discussions: Response Strategies**|**Group discussions: Response Strategies**|**Group discussions: Response Strategies**|**Group discussions: Response Strategies**|Moderator_Sector|Moderator_Sector|\n|12:00|12:00|13:00|**CCCM: **
3. Phasing
out
camp
CCCM
approaches-IOM
4. ABA/UDOC/Out of camp-NRC
5. Self-governance and community
participation-CareAid
6. Locations of prioritization for the
soft and hardware components of
CCCM-PRIDE & SHI|**CCCM: **
3. Phasing
out
camp
CCCM
approaches-IOM
4. ABA/UDOC/Out of camp-NRC
5. Self-governance and community
participation-CareAid
6. Locations of prioritization for the
soft and hardware components of
CCCM-PRIDE & SHI|



**SNFI **
1. Cash for Shelter/NFI-CRS
2. Common
pipeline/Stockpiling-IOM
3. Transitional
shelters-
DRC/UNHCR/IOM
4. Emergency
Solution
responses
under
RRM-
ACF|



**SNFI **
1. Cash for Shelter/NFI-CRS
2. Common
pipeline/Stockpiling-IOM
3. Transitional
shelters-
DRC/UNHCR/IOM
4. Emergency
Solution
responses
under
RRM-
ACF|



**SNFI **
1. Cash for Shelter/NFI-CRS
2. Common
pipeline/Stockpiling-IOM
3. Transitional
shelters-
DRC/UNHCR/IOM
4. Emergency
Solution
responses
under
RRM-
ACF|



**SNFI **
1. Cash for Shelter/NFI-CRS
2. Common
pipeline/Stockpiling-IOM
3. Transitional
shelters-
DRC/UNHCR/IOM
4. Emergency
Solution
responses
under
RRM-
ACF|\n|13.00|13.00|14:00|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|**Lunch Break**|\n|14.00|14.00|14.50|Plenary discussions|Plenary discussions|Plenary discussions|Plenary discussions|Alkali Said & Dr Jalo|Alkali Said & Dr Jalo|\n|14:50|14:50|15:45|CASH for SNFI|CASH for SNFI|CASH for SNFI|CASH for SNFI|Shelter
Global
Cluster|Shelter
Global
Cluster|\n|15:45|15:45|16:00|**Coffee break**|**Coffee break**|**Coffee break**|**Coffee break**|**Coffee break**|**Coffee break**|\n|16:00|16:00|16.30|Housing Land and Property (HLP)|Housing Land and Property (HLP)|Housing Land and Property (HLP)|Housing Land and Property (HLP)|HLP AoR|HLP AoR|\n|16:30|16:30||**Closing day two**|**Closing day two**|**Closing day two**|**Closing day two**|||\n|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Day three: 6 December 2024**|**Facilitator**|**Facilitator**||\n|08.30|09.00|09.00|09.00|Registration|Registration|All|All|All|\n|09:00|09:30|09:30|09:30|- Recap|- Recap|NGO|NGO|NGO|\n|09.30|10.00|10.00|10.00|- Donor Engagement I|- Donor Engagement I|ECHO|ECHO|ECHO|\n|10.00|10.30|10.30|10.30|- Donor Engagement II|- Donor Engagement II|BHA|BHA|BHA|\n|10.30
11.00|11.00
11.30|11.00
11.30|11.00
11.30|- Donor Engagement III
- Humanitarian Response Capacity Assessment|- Donor Engagement III
- Humanitarian Response Capacity Assessment|RRF|RRF|RRF|\n|10.30
11.00|11.00
11.30|11.00
11.30|11.00
11.30|- Donor Engagement III
- Humanitarian Response Capacity Assessment|- Donor Engagement III
- Humanitarian Response Capacity Assessment|OCHA|OCHA|OCHA|\n|11:30|12:00|12:00|12:00|- Way forward and recommendations|- Way forward and recommendations|Sector Coordinator|Sector Coordinator|Sector Coordinator|\n|12:00|13:00|13:00|13:00|- **Lunch Break & Close of workshop**|- **Lunch Break & Close of workshop**||||\n\n\n18 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CCCM Sector 2025 HNRP", - "confidence": 0.7151245474815369, - "start": 154, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "PIN, Target, and Response Strategy", - "confidence": 0.9303381443023682, - "start": 159, - "end": 166 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.9251089096069336, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9841798543930054, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8267898559570312, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registration", - "confidence": 0.5830978155136108, - "start": 1406, - "end": 1407 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7071990966796875, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1351 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Response Capacity Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8639359474182129, - "start": 1560, - "end": 1564 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex II:** List of Participants\n\n|#|Name|Agency|Sector|State|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Shettima Mohammed|ACF Int.|SNFI|Borno|\n|2|Yahaya Muhammad|BOAID|CCCM|Borno|\n|3|Yakubu Samaila|BOAID|SNFI|Borno|\n|4|Sodiq Kabiru|BOAID|CCCM SNFI|Yobe|\n|5|Philip John|CARE AID|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|6|Hyelni Madani|CARE AID|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|7|David Pogu|DRC|SNFI|Borno|\n|8|Ebi Ganranwei|DRC|SNFI|Borno|\n|9|Ahmed Mohammed|FESYD-P|CCCM|Borno|\n|10|Bello Audu Zike|GGSI|CCCM|Borno|\n|11|Aisha Abba Saje|GGSI|CCCM|Borno|\n|12|Felicia David|HOPE 360|CCCM|Borno|\n|13|Victor Udoidiong|INTERSOS|CCCM|Borno|\n|14|Sadiq Abubakar|INTERSOS|CCCM|Borno|\n|15|Raymond Tumuhairwe|INTERSOS|CCCM|Borno|\n|16|Jafiya STEPHEN|IOM|CCCM|Adamawa|\n|17|Serah Audu TIMOTHY|IOM|CCCM|Borno|\n|18|Kwadai Zamdai|IOM|CCCM|Borno|\n|19|Jafiya Medugu Ularam|IOM|CCCM|Borno|\n|20|Daniel Musa Fujunu|IOM|SNFI|Borno|\n|21|Umar Shetima Baba|SHADE|SNFI|Borno|\n|22|Ummi Asheik|MRRR|SNFI|Borno|\n|23|Yarayi Lawan|Mercy Corps|SNFI|Borno|\n|24|Yakaka Bukar|Mercy Corps|SNFI|Borno|\n|25|Shehu Ali|Mercy Corps|SNFI|Borno|\n|26|Sa'id M. Alkali|NEMA|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|27|Suraj G Abdullahi|NEMA|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|28|Abraham Hamza Ulea|NRC|CCCM|Borno|\n|29|Raphael Nwaogu|NRC|CCCM|Borno|\n|30|Mohammed Jada|OXFAM|SNFI|Borno|\n|31|Joshua Augustine|PALRI|CCCM|Borno|\n|32|Mustapha Bukar Ngamdu|PALRI|CCCM|Borno|\n|33|Musa Yahaya|PPGW|CCCM|Borno|\n|34|Usman Mohammed Halilu|PPGW|CCCM|Borno|\n|35|Ibrahim Iliyasu|PRIDE|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|36|Ali Mohammed Abdullahi|PRIDE|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|37|Yakubu Abdulkadir|SAF|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|38|Suleiman K Sanda|SALIENT|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|39|Olumuyiwa Oyedeji|SALIENT|CCCM SNFI|Yobe|\n\n\n\n19 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|40|Pwol Kim Dung|SALIENT|CCCM SNFI|Yobe|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|41|Happy Yakubu|SALIENT|CCCM|Adamawa|\n|42|Irene|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|43|Kaigama|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|44|Felix Mesa|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|45|Basu|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|46|Austine|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|47|Paul|Sector|CCCM & SNFI||\n|48|Yagana Ali Abadam|SEMA|SEMA Borno|Borno|\n|49|Sheriff Bukar|SEMA|SEMA Borno|Borno|\n|50|Sadiq Sule Buba|SHADE|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|51|Barnabas
Zamani
Barnabas Zamani|SHI|SNFI & CCCM|Borno|\n|52|Abdulkadir Malah|Speed Relief|SNFI|Borno|\n|53|Ibrahim Mshelia|UNHCR|SNFI|Borno|\n|54|Bose Kingsley|UNHCR|CCCM|Borno|\n|55|Tukur Mohammed Kura|UNHCR|CCCM|Borno|\n|56|AWAL ADAMU|YPHO|CCCM|Borno|\n|57|David Hyela|YPHO|CCCM|Yobe|\n|58|Dr.Ibrahim Jalo|SEMA Yobe|SEMA Yobe|Yobe|\n|59|Mohammed Shaipu|SEMA Yobe|SEMA Yobe|Yobe|\n|60|Mohammed Suleman|SEMA ADAMAWA|SEMA Adamawa|Adamawa|\n|61|Bamanga|HARAF|SNFI|Borno|\n|62|Daniel Paul Balami|SI|SNFI|Borno|\n|63|Sunday Kabu|COWACDI|NFI|Borno|\n|64|Abdullahi Adam|GREENCODE|SNFI|Borno|\n|65|Musa Salihu|MRRR|Government|Borno|\n|66|Alih Christian|CSR|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|67|Hiamidu Sani|SAF|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|68|Hijelhina Bwale|Green Code|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|69|Abiyo Dauda|Mercy Corps|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|70|Abubakar Hu|NRC|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|71|Mohamed Dingani|FESYD-P|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|72|Ibral Obol|FHI 360|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n|73|Olumuyiwa Oyedgi|SHO|CCCM SNFI|Borno|\n\n\n20 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f5460ad-8607-41fd-9197-069930c8364a/CCCM%20AND%20SNFI%20SECTOR%20END%20REPORT%2030%20Jan%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_278/raw/doc_278_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_278/raw/doc_278_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ed1a1fdfe1c7ceee369269b16a3bf0b6a2253295..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_278/raw/doc_278_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **CIMP QUARTERLY REPORT**\n#### **Q2: APRIL - JUNE 2020**\n\nThis is the Civilian Impact Monitoring Project quarterly report, providing an overview of all incidents of armed violence\nreported in April, May and June 2020 across the country that had a direct civilian impact. The report covers civilian casualties,\nincident distribution, type of armed violence and impact upon civilian infrastructure, as well as providing key analytical\ntakeaways from the quarter.\n#### **ANALYTICAL HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n\n**More incidents of armed violence impacted civilians in Q2 2020 than in Q1 2020**\nDespite efforts to mediate a cease in hostilities in various parts of the country, the number of incidents of armed violence\nreported to have directly impacted on civilians saw a slight increase in Q2 2020, up 3% from 456 in Q1 to 472. From 9 April,\ncoinciding with Ramadan, a unilateral ceasefire was announced in the north of the country, in a bid to rein in hostilities and\nrefocus efforts on combatting the coronavirus outbreak in the country. Although the ceasefire saw several extensions, a deescalation on the ground failed to materialise. Under the Hudaydah Agreement, the frontlines on the west coast remain fixed\nin place, yet still active, with daily reports of direct and indirect fire. The northern border with Saudi Arabia also remains\nturbulent, particularly in Sa\u2019dah\u2019s border districts, where an almost daily volley of hostilities across the border has continued.\nMeanwhile efforts to curtail tensions in the south of the country also appear to have been largely unsuccessful. As hostilities\npersisted across the country, an average of 157 civilian impact incidents were reported on a monthly basis in Yemen, up\nfrom 152 during Q1.\n\n**The number of airstrikes to have impacted on civilians increased, despite the unilateral Ramadan ceasefire**\nDespite the Ramadan ceasefire, airstrikes persisted across northern parts of Yemen, prompting an uptick in the number of\nairstrikes reported to have directly impacted on civilians during Q2, largely responsible for the increase in total country-wide\ncivilian impact incident rates. The number of airstrike incidents reported to have impacted directly on civilians in Yemen in Q2\ndoubled from Q1, rising from 44 to 88 incidents, 68% (60) of which hit civilian houses. Through each month in Q2, the\nnumber of airstrike incidents increased, from 24, to 31, to 33 in April, May and June respectively, resulting in a growing\nimpact on civilians. By contrast, the number of shelling incidents reported to have directly impacted on civilians dropped by\n8% from Q1; from 281 to 258.\n\n**More civilian houses were impacted by armed violence in Q2 than in Q1, the majority on account of shelling**\nThe total number of incidents of armed violence reported to have impacted on civilian houses rose 17%, from 252 in Q1 to\n295 in Q2. Despite an overall drop in shelling incidents, 220 (75%) of incidents to have impacted on civilian houses were on\naccount of shelling, while 60 (20%) were account of airstrikes. As the number of incidents to impact on civilian houses\nincreases, so too do numbers of households assessed to have been directly displaced: 1,369 houses were directly impacted\nby armed violence during Q2, up from 1,121 in Q1, potentially displacing as many households. 1,049 (77%) of these houses\nwere impacted by shellfire, up from 1,005 in Q1. More houses were impacted by shelling than by any other type of armed\nviolence combined in Q2. Furthermore, exposure to armed violence in the domestic space is likely to exacerbate\npsychosocial trauma, while also putting women and children at increasing risk. However, despite the increase in civilian\nhouses impacted by armed violence, the number of resultant civilian casualties remained similar to the first quarter of the\nyear, with another 115 reported, down just 7 from the 122 reported during the previous quarter.\n\n**Airstrikes are responsible for a growing proportion of incidents impacting on civilian houses**\nAlthough shelling remains the primary type of armed violence responsible for impacting civilian houses, 3 times as many\nairstrike incidents impacted civilian houses in Q2 than in Q1, rising from 21 incidents to 60. Furthermore, the total number of\nhouses impacted by these airstrike incidents almost tripled in Q2, rising from 97 in Q1 to 284 in Q2. This has also caused the\nproportion of houses impacted by airstrikes to more than double: airstrikes were responsible for 21% of the homes impacted\nin Q2, compared to 9% in Q1. By contrast, the number of shelling incidents to have impacted on civilian houses remained\nsimilar to the previous quarter, with 220 incidents reported; a marginal increase from 217 in Q1.\n\n**There was a slight reduction in the number of civilian casualties caused by armed violence, with the biggest**\n**proportion on account of shelling**\nThe total number of civilian casualties on account of armed violence decreased by 6%, from 506 in Q1 to 475 in Q2; this\ncoincided with a drop in the number of civilian casualties on account of shelling, which decreased for the seventh\nconsecutive quarter since Q4 2018, from 201 in Q1 to 185 in Q2. Nonetheless, also for the seventh consecutive quarter,\nshelling remained responsible for more civilian casualties across the country than any other type of armed violence, causing\n39% (185) of the total. Shelling was also responsible for the most civilian fatalities; 50, out of a total of 168. This was closely\nfollowed by fire from small arms and light weapons (SA/LW), which was responsible for 49 civilian fatalities in Q2. In Q1,\nSA/LW caused more fatalities than shelling. Of all of the governorates, Ta\u2019izz saw the highest number of civilian casualties in\nQ2; 132 (28%) out of a country-wide total of 475.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The decrease in civilian casualties was not uniform; in some governorates, civilian casualty numbers from armed**\n**violence increased**\nDespite a country-wide decrease in civilian casualties, the number of civilian casualties in Bayda increased almost threefold\nfrom Q1 to Q2, from 14 to 40, as the weight of the fighting shifted south from frontlines on the trisect between Jawf, Marib\nand Sana\u2019a to Marib\u2019s southern border with Bayda. Both Bayda and Marib saw an increase in civilian impact incidents from\nthe first to second quarter, largely on account of airstrikes (43 incidents) and shelling (18 incidents). While shelling continued\nin Sa\u2019dah\u2019s western border districts, the governorate saw an uptick in airstrikes: despite the unilateral ceasefire, airstrikes\nresulted in 32 civilian casualties in Sa\u2019dah in Q2, 8 times more than during Q1. The number of civilian casualties from\nshelling in Sa\u2019dah also increased 50%, from 10 to 15. As a result, the governorate saw civilian casualty numbers almost\ndouble, from 28 in Q1 to 50 in Q2. There was also an uptick in localised clashes across Ta\u2019izz, where casualty numbers\nincreased by 53% (86 to 132), driven by increases in both shelling casualties (46 up to 77) and SA/LW casualties (24 to 47).\n\n**Shelling on Ta\u2019izz prison resulted in a mass casualty incident, killing and injuring 34 women**\nContributing heavily to Ta\u2019izz\u2019s Q2 casualty count was a mass casualty shelling incident that hit the women\u2019s section of the\nCentral Prison in Al-Jibali area in Al-Mudhaffar district on 5 April. 8 women, including 1 child visiting her mother, were killed in\nthe incident, and at least 26 women were injured. The incident made up 44% of the civilian shelling victims in the\ngovernorate during Q2, and was responsible for more than two thirds (33) of the 48 women casualties reported in Ta\u2019izz\nduring Q2; more women casualties than has been recorded during any quarter in Ta\u2019izz since CIMP started monitoring at the\nstart of 2018.\n\n**Q2 saw the highest number of women casualties reported countrywide in the past year**\nDriven largely by the mass casualty incident in Ta\u2019izz, there were 90 women casualties reported across the country on\naccount of armed violence during Q2 2020; the highest reported in one quarter since Q2 2019. 1 in 3 (31) of the casualties\nwas a fatality. The increase follows two consecutive quarters during which the numbers of women casualties decreased\ncountry-wide. Ta\u2019izz saw the highest number of women casualties (48), followed by Hudaydah (13) and Sa\u2019dah (9). Shelling\nwas responsible for two thirds of casualties among women in Q2, also driven by the prison incident in Ta\u2019izz.\n\n**Q2 saw the fewest child casualties reported in one quarter since CIMP started monitoring at the start of 2018**\nWhile casualties among women saw an increase, armed violence caused 110 child casualties in Q2 2020, down from 156 in\nQ1; the fewest reported in one quarter since CIMP started monitoring at the start of 2018. The number of child fatalities\nhalved, from 66 to 33, while injuries went down from 90 to 77. However, the number of child casualties in Sa\u2019dah doubled\nfrom 8 to 16. Furthermore, shelling was responsible for more child casualties in Q2 (60) than in Q1 (53); the highest since\nQ3 2019.\n\n**The proportion of children among civilian casualties in Hudaydah increased to 40%**\nThe most child casualties (37) were reported in Hudaydah, where the number of children killed or injured by armed violence\nremained similar to the previous two quarters; a total of 37, down slightly from 39 during Q4 2019 and Q1 2020. However,\ntotal civilian casualty numbers from armed violence dropped in Hudaydah, from 136 in Q1 to 92 in Q2, pushing the\nproportion of child casualties up: children comprised 29% of civilian casualties in Hudaydah in Q1, but this increased to 40%\nin Q2.\n\n**Shelling on the outskirts of Hudaydah city resulted in a mass child casualty incident**\nContributing to the child casualties in Hudaydah was a mass casualty incident on 31 May, when artillery shells hit a gathering\nnear a house in Az Zuhur neighbourhood, in an area near As Salakhanah hospital in Al Hali. 4 civilians were killed in the\nincident, including 3 children, and a further 18 civilians were injured, including 15 children. Although residential, the area sits\nnear active frontlines on Hudaydah city\u2019s eastern outskirts, where almost daily exchanges of direct and indirect fire are\nreported.\n\n**Civilian casualties on account of landmines increased**\nThere was an increase in the number of civilian casualties on account of landmines, up from 49 during Q1 to 68 in Q2, over\nhalf of whom (37, 54%) died. It is possible that heavy rains across the country in April and June contributed to the increase,\npotentially causing landmines to drift to new locations, or bringing them closer to the surface; more landmine incidents were\nreported during April and June than during May. 46 (68%) of the landmine casualties were on account of devices exploding\nbeneath civilian vehicles, restricting freedom of movement for civilians along roads. The highest proportion of landmine\ncasualties was in Hudaydah, where 18 casualties were reported on account of landmines during Q 2, followed by Bayda,\nwhich has also remained a hotspot for incidents attributed to remnant explosive ordnance throughout the past two years.\n\n**The number of incidents impacting on telecommunications infrastructure almost doubled from Q1 to Q2**\nThe number of incidents of armed violence reported to have impacted on telecommunications infrastructure in Yemen\nalmost doubled from Q1 to Q2, rising from 5 to 9, restricting access to communications infrastructure for as many as 55,579\nhouseholds. All but 1 of the incidents were on account of airstrikes, including 5 air raids which targeted telecommunications\ninfrastructure in Amran in June, restricting access for as many as 10,898 households across Bani Suraim and Dhi Bin\ndistricts. Similar incidents were reported in Haydan, Sa\u2019dah; in Al-Hawiri, located in the more densely populated outskirts of\nSana\u2019a city in Hamdan district; and in Az Zahir, Bayda. In the remaining incident, on 25 June, telecommunications towers\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were demolished with explosives in Radman Al-Awad, Bayda. It is not an uncommon tactic for warring parties to cut\ntelecommunications across districts prior to the launch of military offensives. However, such incidents also restrict civilians\u2019\naccess to critical communications infrastructure, which is likely to have a particularly isolating impact in the often remote\nlandscapes where fighting is ongoing. The incident in Sa\u2019dah\u2019s peripheral district of Haydan is a prime example of this,\nwhere as many as 13,449 households were assessed to have been impacted.\n\n**Armed violence caused an increased impact on health facilities**\n50% more health facilities were reported to have been impacted by armed violence during Q2 2020 than during Q1. 9\nfacilities were impacted across a number of governorates, caused by a range of armed violence, up from 6 facilities during\nthe previous quarter. 127,222 households were assessed to have faced restricted access to health facilities as a direct\nresult of armed violence impacting health facilities. Shelling was responsible for 4 incidents, hitting a field clinic near the\nQaniyah frontline in Radman Al-Awad district in northern Bayda; a hospital in Al-Jafrah, another frontline area in Majzar,\nMarib; and two medical centres, one in the south of Hudaydah city, and one in An Nur in Al-Mudhaffar district, Ta\u2019izz. Fire\nfrom small arms and light weapons were accountable for another two incidents, each resulting in 2 civilian casualties, as\ncivilians came under fire on hospital premises, while a hand-grenade injured another 2 civilians when it was thrown at An\nNasr hospital in Dali\u2019 city. Attacks on health facilities are prohibited under IHL, and such incidents endanger patients and\nhospital staff, while also restricting access to critical health services for surrounding populations. There were also\nunconfirmed reports of airstrikes on Bayda hitting two COVID-19 quarantine centres on 8 April. No casualties were reported\nin the incident, although it was assessed to have restricted access to health facilities for over 5,500 households.\n\n#### **NATIONWIDE SNAPSHOT: CIVILIAN IMPACT FROM INCIDENTS OF ARMED VIOLENCE** **Q2: APRIL - JUNE 2020**\n\n\n\n**Total Civilian Casualties:**\n\n**Fatalities:**\n\n**Children / Women:**\n\n**Injures:**\n\n**Children / Women:**\n\n\n\n**475** **Civilian impact incidents:**\n\n**168** **Psychosocial trauma incidents:**\n\n**33/31** **Vulnerability incidents:**\n\n**307** **Children and Women:**\n\n**77 / 59 Children / Women / IDPs**\n\n\n\n**472**\n\n**434**\n\n**351**\n\n**319**\n\n**21 / 09 / 2**\n\n\n#### **TOTAL NUMBER OF CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS AND CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY MONTH**\n\n**200**\n\n\n\n**180**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n~~**177**~~\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**April** **May** **June**\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **DISTRIBUTION OF CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS IN Q2 2020 BY GOVERNORATE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAden\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20\n\n#### **NUMBER OF INCIDENTS PER HUB AND TOTAL CIVILIAN CASUALTIES PER QUARTER**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1000|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|2,000|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|800||||||||1,600|\n|600|45
3|6
70||||||1,200|\n|400
108
60|2|37
184|10
6|39

2
5||46||800
|\n|200

|60
317
5|1
56|~~7~~|28
~~11~~
~~0~~|3
11|2
0
44
70|5
9
~~9~~|400
7
7
~~3~~|\n|0
96
42
257
139
35
~~215~~|34
243
3
3|9
25
35
331|8
29|88
266
4
4|4
17|8
8
46
250|3
1|0
7
88|\n\n\n\nQ1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Aden|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Ibb

~~**1**~~|||||||~~**1**~~


||\n|Sana'a
~~**5**~~
|||||||~~**3**~~
~~**1**~~||\n|Al-Hudaydah
~~**1**~~
|~~**8**~~


||||||~~**1**~~

||\n|Sa'ada

|~~**5**~~
|||~~**5**~~
|~~**1**~~||**7**

||\n|~~**8**~~|~~**1**~~||||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Aden|Col2|Col3|Col4|2|Col6|1|1|Col9|Col10|1|Col12|Col13|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Ibb
|||||||||~~**1**~~||||\n|Sanaa
|||||||||||||\n|Al-Hudaydah|||||||||||||\n|Sadah|||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INCIDENTS IMPACTING ON CIVILIANS IN Q2 2020, BY TYPE OF ARMED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\nShelling\n\n\nAirstrike\n\n\nSAF\n\n\nLandmine\n\n\nSA/LW\n\n\nSniper\n\n\nIED\n\n\nHandgrenade\n\n\nUXO\n\n\nNaval shelling\n\n\nSeamine\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n280\n\n\n260\n\n\n#### **CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY TYPE OF ARMED VIOLENCE IN Q2 2020**\n\nNo of Incidents Civilian Casualties\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **NUMBER OF INCIDENTS, FATALITIES AND INJURIES BY CIVILIAN STRUCTURE IN Q2 2020** **DIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATIONS OF INCIDENTS OF ARMED VIOLENCE ON CIVILIANS**\n\n\n\n**OBSTRUCTION TO FLIGHT**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **1**\n\n\n\n\n\n**LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **572**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n\n\n## **1**\n\n\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n## **91**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INDIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATIONS - HOUSEHOLDS EXPERIENCING RESTRICTED ACCESS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### households facing restricted access to: Transport, telecommunication, media, fuel, governmental buildings, recreation, electricity\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **22**\n\n\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project is a monitoring mechanism for the collection, analysis and dissemination of open source\n\ndata on the civilian impact from armed violence in Yemen, in order to inform and complement protection programming.\n\n\nFor further information, please contact us at contact@civilianimpact.org or visit our website: civilianimpactmonitoring.org\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33aacce3-6b15-3558-a371-17378520fbcf/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_279/raw/doc_279_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_279/raw/doc_279_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d22e3bc9ca81b4ce863b65c8774316ae3196ce7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_279/raw/doc_279_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **CIMP QUARTERLY REPORT**\n#### **Q3: JULY - SEPTEMBER 2020**\n\nThis is the Civilian Impact Monitoring Project quarterly report, providing an overview of all incidents of armed violence\nreported in July, August and September 2020 across the country that had a direct civilian impact. The report covers civilian\ncasualties, incident distribution, type of armed violence and impact upon civilian infrastructure, as well as providing key\nanalytical takeaways from the quarter.\n#### **ANALYTICAL HIGHLIGHTS**\n\n\n**28% more civilians were killed by armed violence in Q3 2020 than in Q2 2020**\nAcross the country, the number of incidents of armed violence reported to have directly impacted on civilians decreased from\nthe previous quarter. However, the number of civilian casualties reported during Q3 2020 increased to 527, up 11% from Q2\n2020, and the highest since Q3 2019. There were several factors responsible for the uptick in civilian casualties. The most\nsignificant increases were seen in Jawf, which saw a more than sixfold increase from Q2, driven by a high casualty count\n(52) from airstrikes, and in Ma\u2019rib and Bayda, which together saw a 78% increase in civilian casualties, in line with the\nescalation in hostilities seen in southern Ma\u2019rib along the border with Bayda and the accompanying uptick in airstrikes. By\ntype of armed violence, the increase in civilian casualties can largely be attributed to airstrikes, sniper fire and UXO.\nFurthermore, the number of civilian fatalities saw a proportionately higher increase, up 28% to 215 in Q3, from 168 during\nQ2, and the highest toll reported since Q3 2019.\n\n**The number of civilian casualties caused by airstrikes doubled in Q3 2020**\nTwice as many civilians were killed and injured by airstrikes during Q3 than during Q2, up to 94 from 47. Having seen no\ncivilian casualties on account of airstrikes during Q2, airstrikes resulted in 52 civilian casualties in Jawf during Q3; more than\nall other governorates combined. The high number was largely driven by two mass casualty incidents. On 15 July, 24\ncivilians were killed, including 6 children and 2 women, and 7 civilians were injured, including 5 children and 2 women, when\nairstrikes hit a house during a celebratory occasion in Al-Maraziq area in Khabb wa ash Sha\u2019af district. Three weeks later, on\n6 August, 9 children were killed and 12 civilians were injured, including 7 children and 4 women, when airstrikes hit 3 civilian\nvehicles in Al-Maatarah area in Khabb wa ash Shaaf. The civilians were reportedly hit while travelling to Eid festivities. A\nmass casualty airstrike incident was also reported in Hajjah on 12 July; 7 children and 2 women were killed and 2 children\nand 2 women were injured when airstrikes hit a house in Bayt Al-Qutayb in Washhah district.\n\n**Child casualties increased during Q3, particularly on account of airstrikes**\n135 child casualties were reported as a result of armed violence during Q3, 53 of whom were fatalities. This is a 61%\nincrease in child fatalities on account of armed violence compared to Q2, when 33 children were killed by armed violence.\nNotably, five times as many children were killed or injured by airstrikes during Q3 than during Q2, up to 45 from 9. More\nchildren were killed or injured by airstrikes than by any other type of armed violence over the past three months. Conversely,\nthe number of reported women casualties saw a decrease, dropping by 14% from 90 to 77, of whom 32 died. Despite the\noverall decrease, more than twice as many women (18) were killed or injured by airstrikes during Q3 than during Q2. This is\nalso the highest number of women to be harmed by airstrikes in one quarter since Q2 2019. Resultantly, two thirds (63) of\nthe 94 airstrike casualties in Q3 were women and children, an increase from Q2, when one third (16) of the 47 civilian\ncasualties reported from airstrikes were women and children. The high casualty toll among women in Q2 was driven in large\npart by a shelling incident on the women\u2019s section of Ta\u2019izz Central Prison in Al-Mudhaffar, in which 8 women were killed and\nat least 26 injured.\n\n**Shelling continues to result in the most civilian casualties (one in three) in Q3 2020**\nDespite airstrikes causing more civilian casualties in Q3 than in Q2, for the eighth consecutive quarter shelling remained\nresponsible for more civilian casualties across the country than any other type of armed violence, resulting in 172 civilian\ncasualties; roughly a third (32%) of the total. Shelling was also responsible for almost half (204) of all 431 civilian impact\nincidents reported during Q3. The 172 civilian casualties it caused, however, marks a small decrease compared to the\nprevious quarter, when shelling resulted in 185 civilian casualties. This is the eighth consecutive quarter to have seen this\ndownward trend. It is also the third consecutive quarter to see a decrease in the proportion of casualties on account of\nshellfire, down from 38% in Q2 2020, 39% in Q1 2020, and 49% in Q4 2019. Moreover, half as many children were harmed\nby shellfire in Q3 2020 than in Q2 2020; 29, down from 60. The same was true for women; 57% fewer were harmed by\nshellfire in Q3 than Q2, down from 65 to 25. The decrease is likely largely on account of frontlines shifting away from\nresidential areas: 27% fewer houses (765) were hit by shelling in Q3 than during Q2 (1,049), with the reduction most notable\n\n##### **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4 in 5 civilians injured or killed by sniper fire in Q3 were women and children**\nThe number of women and children killed or injured in sniper incidents this quarter almost tripled, rising from 12 to 31, of\nwhom 25 (81%) were women (11) and children (14). Ta\u2019izz saw the highest number of civilian casualties on account of\nsniper fire; 12, of whom 10 were women and children, followed by Dali\u2019, where all 9 civilian sniper casualties were women\nand children. In Ta\u2019izz, civilian sniper victims were reported across frontlines in and around the city, including in Salh and AlQahirah, and in the districts on main routes to the south of the city, including Al-Ma\u2019afer, Al-Misrakh and Sabir Al-Mawadim.\nWhile it remains unclear as to what has driven the increase in sniper casualties, particularly among women and children, it is\npossible that the shootings are being carried out as an intimidatory tactic in line with mounting hostilities, particularly on the\noutskirts of Ta\u2019izz city.\n\n**For the second consecutive quarter, Ta\u2019izz saw the highest number of civilian casualties**\nDespite seeing a decrease compared to Q2, when Ta\u2019izz saw 132 civilian casualties on account of armed violence, 94\ncivilian casualties were reported in the governorate in Q3, more than in any other governorate. Each month through Q3 saw\nan increase in civilian casualties, rising from 22 in July to 28 in August, and jumping to 44 in September, coinciding with an\nuptick in clashes on the outskirts of Ta\u2019izz city, which has included repeated reports of shelling hitting civilian\nneighbourhoods. Of the September casualties, 18 were reported in Salh, a hotspot district on Ta\u2019izz city\u2019s eastern outskirts.\nThe second highest number of civilian casualties was reported in Hudaydah, where 76 civilian casualties were reported,\nmore than half (60%) on account of shelling, although this was also a decrease from the 92 civilian casualties reported in\nQ2.\n\n**Q3 saw the most civilian casualties on account of UXO in one quarter since Q2 2019, mostly children**\nUnexploded ordnance (UXO) killed and injured 28 civilians across Yemen in Q3, of whom 23 (82%) were children. This is a\nfourfold increase from the 7 civilian UXO victims reported in Q2. Q3\u2019s UXO casualties were on account of 7 instances of\nUXO detonating, averaging 4 civilian casualties per detonation. In north western Ma\u2019rib, 6 children were killed, and another 4\nchildren injured, in 2 separate UXO incidents in the space of less than two weeks, on 27 July and 7 August, both in Harib AlQaramish district. Another 9 children were injured in a UXO explosion in Al-Mualla, Aden, on 1 July. Further casualties,\nincluding children, were reported in explosions in Dali\u2019, Hudaydah, Lahij and Shabwah. Children are particularly susceptible\nto UXO incidents, due in part to their inquisitiveness, coupled with a lack of awareness of the dangers of unfamiliar devices.\nHowever, while UXO casualties increased, the number of civilian casualties on account of landmine explosions halved\nduring Q3 compared to Q2. It is possible that the higher landmine casualty counts earlier this year were partly driven by\nheavy rains, which not only hold the potential to cause landmine drift, bringing devices closer to the surface or into new\nareas, but can also, due to route disruptions, force civilians to pass through areas where the risk of landmines is higher.\n\n**Airstrikes hit an estimated 244 houses this quarter, 186 of which were in Ma\u2019rib**\nAs hostilities escalated in Ma\u2019rib during the past quarter, so too did accompanying airstrikes, particularly along the frontline\nareas and main routes leading to these. However, a high number of airstrikes also directly impacted on the civilian\npopulation in the governorate. Although the civilian casualty count from airstrikes in Ma\u2019rib was relatively low, at 13, this also\nis the first quarter since Q4 2018 to have seen civilian casualties on account of airstrikes in the governorate, accompanying\nan escalation in hostilities in the south of the governorate. All 13 civilian airstrike casualties were reported in the south, in\nMahliyah district (11) and neighbouring Rahabah (2), on account of strikes hitting civilian vehicles and local businesses.\nFurthermore, of 244 houses impacted by airstrikes in Q3, three quarters (186) were in Ma\u2019rib, distributed across the\nfrontlines in the north, west and south of the governorate. Although no casualties were reported in these incidents, such\nincidents put women and children at particular risk, due to the domestic nature of the spaces impacted, while also\nthreatening displacement.\n\n**Cross-border attacks on Shada\u2019a and Monabbih saw an increase towards the end of the quarter**\nCross border hostilities persisted in Sa\u2019dah throughout Q3. While the number of civilian casualties as a result of armed\nviolence remained unchanged from Q2, with another 50 civilian casualties reported in the governorate over the past three\nmonths, this included 17 civilian casualties in Shada\u2019a and 18 in Monabbih, the latter of whom were all reported during\nSeptember. Civilian casualties were last reported in Monabbih in February, and the increase over the past quarter appears to\nbe on account of a recent uptick in reports of civilians being subjected to violence in the border areas, particularly around Ar\nRaqw market, which has a high migrant population and sees frequent attempts at border crossings into Saudi Arabia. 13 of\nthe casualties in the district were on account of shelling, and 5 on account of SAF from border patrols. The last time\nMonabbih saw a high casualty count was in Q4 2019, when hostilities along the border resulted in 127 civilian casualties,\ndriven largely by several mass casualty incidents in Ar Raqw.\n\n**Increase in incidents of armed violence impacting on education infrastructure**\n6 incidents of armed violence were reported to have directly impacted on education infrastructure during Q3 2020, an\nincrease from 4 such incidents reported during the previous quarter. Of these, 3 were reports of shellfire hitting the\nHudaydah University Faculty of Engineering, which sits in an area in the eastern outskirts of the city that has been\nsubsumed by hostilities since 2018, when the Hudaydah Ceasefire fixed the frontlines in place. Since then, while there has\nbeen little change to the frontlines in Hudaydah, the weight of civilian impact incidents have been concentrated in these\n##### areas too. A school was also reportedly demolished with improvised explosives in Bayt Maghari, a hotspot village in Hays, [2]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UXO casualties", - "confidence": 0.8860273957252502, - "start": 452, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in southern Hudaydah, which has seen regular clashes throughout the year. Property demolitions are a common\nintimidatory tactic deployed by the warring parties in Yemen. Of note, Q3 2020 also saw the highest number of civilian\nhouses demolished by IEDs in one quarter since Q3 2019, the majority of which corresponded with the main frontlines in\nBayda (6), Ma\u2019rib (7) and Hudaydah (7). The other 2 incidents saw 2 schools hit by shellfire, one in Ma\u2019rib city, and another\nin Sabir Al-Mawadim, on the outskirts of Ta\u2019izz city, each restricting access to education for children from as many as 1,000\nhouseholds, while also increasing the likelihood of psychosocial trauma among children living through the conflict.\n\n**Incidents of armed violence impacting on transport infrastructure more than doubled**\nThere was an increase in the number of incidents impacting on transport infrastructure in Q3 compared to Q2, more than\ndoubling from 3 to 7. In line with a surge in airstrikes across the country in September, 2 airstrikes were reported to have hit\nSana\u2019a International Airport, presenting ongoing restrictions to civilians\u2019 access to overseas travel options. There were also\n5 instances of shellfire hitting main roads. 3 of these were in Sa\u2019dah\u2019s western border districts, in Razih, Ad Dhaher and\nShada\u2019a, all of which saw main roads hit by shellfire on 18 August, restricting access to critical transport infrastructure for as\nmany as 21,178 households. In what is already highly restrictive mountainous terrain, such instances serve to further isolate\ncommunities in remote, peripheral areas, holding the potential to sever critical links with other communities, trading hubs,\nand social ties. The remaining 2 incidents were also on account of shelling hit main roads; one incident in Mahliyah, Ma\u2019rib,\nas hostilities advanced through the area in early August, restricting access for as many as 1,824 households, while also\nlikely implicating all movement along the main north-south route in southern Ma\u2019rib, and the other incident on the outskirts of\nShoqrah Abyan restricting access along the main coastal road linking other southern governorates with Aden\n#### **NATIONWIDE SNAPSHOT: CIVILIAN IMPACT FROM INCIDENTS OF ARMED VIOLENCE** **Q3: JULY - SEPTEMBER 2020**\n\n\n\n**Total Civilian Casualties:**\n\n**Fatalities:**\n\n**Children / Women:**\n\n**Injures:**\n\n**Children / Women:**\n\n\n\n**527**\n\n**215**\n\n**53 / 32**\n\n**312**\n\n**82 / 45**\n\n\n\n**Civilian impact incidents:**\n\n**Psychosocial trauma incidents:**\n\n**Vulnerability incidents:**\n\n**Children and Women:**\n\n**Children / Women / IDPs and Migrants:**\n\n\n\n**431**\n\n**388**\n\n**309**\n\n**249**\n\n**34 / 24 / 2**\n\n\n#### **TOTAL NUMBER OF CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS AND CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY MONTH**\n\n**220**\n\n\n\n**200**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n~~**190**~~\n\n\n\n**July** **August** **September**\n\n\n##### **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **DISTRIBUTION OF CIVILIAN IMPACT INCIDENTS IN Q3 2020 BY GOVERNORATE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAden\n\n\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20\n\n#### **NUMBER OF INCIDENTS PER HUB AND TOTAL CIVILIAN CASUALTIES PER QUARTER**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1000|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|2,000|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|800||||||||1,600|\n|600|45
36
7|0||||||1,200|\n|400
108
60|237
1|84

10
6|2
5|39|4|6
||800|\n|200

|60
317
51
5|6
~~7~~|~~0~~|28
~~119~~|32
110
4
7|4
0
5
9
~~9~~|7
7
~~3~~


1|400
39
55
06|\n|0
96
42
257
139
35
~~215~~|34
243
39
325
3
3|5
31
8
29|4
4|88
266|48
178
4
2|6
50
3
18|7
8

1|0
49
82|\n\n\n\nQ1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020\n\n\n##### **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Aden 1|0 2|1|3|3|2|9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Ibb

|||||~~**2**~~||\n|Sana'a
~~**5**~~
|||~~**1**~~

|**1**|~~**1**~~||\n|Al-Hudaydah
~~**12**~~
|~~**8**~~


~~**4**~~||||||\n|Sadah

~~**2**~~|||||~~**2**~~
**2**
||\n||||||||\n\n\n\nCivilian houses Farms Local businesses Civilian vehicles Civilian gatherings No structure\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Aden|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|1|1|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Ibb|||||||||||\n|Sanaa|||||||||||\n|Al-Hudaydah
|||~~**4**~~


||||||||\n|Sadah
|||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n\n\n##### **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INCIDENTS IMPACTING ON CIVILIANS IN Q3 2020, BY TYPE OF ARMED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\nShelling\n\n\nAirstrike\n\n\nSAF\n\n\nLandmine\n\n\nSA/LW\n\n\nSniper\n\n\nIED\n\n\nDrone strikes\n\n\nHandgrenade\n\n\nUXO\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY TYPE OF ARMED VIOLENCE IN Q3 2020**\n\n\n\n220\n\n\n\nNo of Incidents Civilian Casualties\n\n\n##### **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **NUMBER OF INCIDENTS, FATALITIES AND INJURIES BY CIVILIAN STRUCTURE IN Q3 2020**\n\nNumber of incidents Total fatalities Total Injured\n\n#### **DIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATIONS OF INCIDENTS OF ARMED VIOLENCE ON CIVILIANS**\n\n\n\n**OBSTRUCTION TO FLIGHT**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **5**\n\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **1,051**\n\n\n\n**LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **297**\n\n\n\n**RESTRICTED FREEDOM OF**\n\n**MOVEMENT AND ASSEMBLY**\n\n##### Number of affected households\n# **291**\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n## **135**\n\n\n## **1**\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n## **62**\n\n\n##### **7**\n\n\n## **234**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INDIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATIONS - HOUSEHOLDS EXPERIENCING RESTRICTED ACCESS**\n\n\n\n\n##### households facing restricted access to: Transport, telecommunication, media, fuel, governmental buildings, recreation, electricity\n\n\n##### households facing restricted access to: Water facilities, aid, food\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Number of\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n\n\n##### Incidents\n\n\n## **4**\n\n\n\n\n## **21**\n\n\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project is a monitoring mechanism for the collection, analysis and dissemination of open source\n\ndata on the civilian impact from armed violence in Yemen, in order to inform and complement protection programming.\n\n\nFor further information, please contact us at contact@civilianimpact.org or visit our website: civilianimpactmonitoring.org\n##### **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/abdb28c3-bf8d-3934-ba8b-99eb7a4ca0ee/CIMP%20Quarterly%20Report_2020_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_28/raw/doc_28_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_28/raw/doc_28_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cdbe7da6c4411c715ce84a9d8c827283b5438d6b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_28/raw/doc_28_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,490 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **IMPACT OF THE MONSOON &** **COVID-19 CONTAINMENT MEASURES**\n## **Shelter and infrastructure damage in the Rohingya refugee camps**\n\nExtreme monsoon-induced flooding coupled with prolonged inundation in northeast India, eastern Nepal,\nBangladesh, Bhutan, and northern Myanmar has impacted more than five million people in Bangladesh alone\n\n[(NAWG, 03/08/2020). The majority of this flooding occurred along river systems, such as the Brahmaputra and](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/nawg_monsoon_flood_preliminary_impact_and_kin_20200802_final.pdf)\nthe Ganges, and flowed to the northern regions of Bangladesh [(NAWG, 25/07/20).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/nawg_monsoon_flood_preliminary_impact_and_kin_20200725_final_draft.pdf) However, the Rohingya\nrefugee camps in the south-eastern district of Cox\u2019s Bazar have been largely untouched by this large-scale\nriver flooding. Despite this, the monsoon season continues to impact the Rohingya refugees, with heavy\nrains and strong winds severely diminishing quality of life.\n\nBetween May and July 2020, an alarming number of Rohingya refugee shelters were damaged, with an\nincrease of more than 100% compared to the same time period in 2019. In just three months, weather events\nsuch as windstorms, heavy rains, slope failure (landslide and soil erosion), and flooding have impacted more\nthan 20,000 households in the camps who urgently need of more substantial shelter assistance.\n\nThe main factors contributing to this radical increase in damages:\n\n - Reduction of shelter and site development programming and monsoon preparedness activities due to\nCOVID-19 containment measures.\n\n - Monsoon season (heavy rainfall and windstorms) and Cyclone Amphan.\n\n - Ongoing use of lightweight and temporary materials such as untreated bamboo and tarpaulin.\n\n - The 2020 monsoon season is ongoing, with continued rain and poor weather conditions forecasted for\n[August, which will likely lead to further shelter damages (BMD, UNDP 06/08/2020).](https://instant.rimes.int/seasonal_forecast)\n\nIn previous years, the vast majority of shelters and public infrastructure received pre-monsoon support so\nthat they could, to some extent, resist the effects of heavy rainfall and windstorms. However, this year Covid19 containment measures resulted in a significant reduction in pre-monsoon and monsoon Shelter and Site\nDevelopment program implementation negatively impacting preparedness and resilience to weather\neffects.\n**Recommendations**\n\n - The urgent provision of additional shelter assistance and increased field presence are needed, which\nmay require a revision of the COVID-19 containment measures in line with the current health\nprecautions.\n\n - Increased resources and funds are necessary to respond to the surge in shelter needs.\n\n - Additional resources are required to ensure Rohingya refugees\u2019 safety and access to humanitarian\nassistance by repairing infrastructure, such as bridges and walkways. Likewise, actors require\nadditional resources to mitigate slope failure.\n\n - Approval for more reliable and safe medium-term shelter solutions are needed to avoid the continuous\nneed for short-term shelter support and to provide dignified living conditions for all Rohingya refugees.\n\n\n\n**Flash report** **\u2013 20 August 2020**\n\n\n**Purpose**\nThis report highlights to decision-makers the significant need for increased shelter support for\nRohingya refugees. The combination of COVID-19 containment measures, temporary shelter\nmaterials, and monsoon weather events has made living conditions in the camps extremely\ndifficult.\n\n**Methodology**\nThis report was developed by the ACAPS-NPM Analysis Hub, the Shelter Sector, and the Site\nManagement and Site Development Sector, with support from UNDP on the analysis of\n[precipitation data. The main data sources include: Daily Incident Monitoring Mechanism](https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/)\n[managed by IOM\u2019s NPM Unit, Shelter Rapid Damage Verification Mechanism, Community](https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/)\n[Feedback and Response Mechanism. Average rainfall for 2019 and 2020 is based on analysis](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDM1ODliNjUtNjk1NS00Y2MwLTk0MmMtZGFjMjZhOTZkNzdiIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSectionc681cd0ab26f19512c2f)\n[by UNDP\u2019s DRR project using Bangladesh Meteorological Department rainfall data and Regional](https://instant.rimes.int/Dashboard)\n[Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System, and monthly precipitation data for 2020 is](https://instant.rimes.int/Dashboard)\naggregated from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) daily precipitation data.\n\n**Limitations**\nThe 2020 monsoon is ongoing and the final impact of the weather on shelter and infrastructure\nin the camps cannot be known. Remote sensing and satellite images were used for precipitation\ndata because not all rain gauges located in and around the camps are currently functional.\nAnalysis of the damages was done at the response level, so an understanding of which camps\nor locations are most impacted cannot be drawn from this report.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flash report", - "confidence": 0.9283201098442078, - "start": 533, - "end": 535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8767721652984619, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ACAPS-NPM Analysis Hub", - "confidence": 0.8621001839637756, - "start": 602, - "end": 605 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6818776726722717, - "start": 542, - "end": 543 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9939574003219604, - "start": 469, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "precipitation data", - "confidence": 0.7544809579849243, - "start": 628, - "end": 630 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM\u2019s", - "confidence": 0.6201159954071045, - "start": 647, - "end": 650 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.7148640751838684, - "start": 469, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Daily Incident Monitoring Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.9483628273010254, - "start": 637, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "precipitation data", - "confidence": 0.5088258981704712, - "start": 628, - "end": 630 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.5048378109931946, - "start": 690, - "end": 691 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5202152132987976, - "start": 810, - "end": 811 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.580970287322998, - "start": 810, - "end": 811 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps", - "confidence": 0.5046467781066895, - "start": 753, - "end": 754 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b90dc202-dc3a-3fc3-9f92-8a018e1ebe63/20200820_acaps_report_impact_of_the_monsoon_covid-19_containment_measures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Increase in shelter and infrastructure damages**\n\nDue to congestion, site typography, and temporary shelter structures, Rohingya\nhouseholds are extremely exposed to harsh weather events such as windstorms, heavy\nrains, slope failure, landslides, and flooding. The most sought assistance through the\nresponse-wide Community Feedback and Response Mechanism has been shelterrelated assistance, with more than 14,000 referrals made between March and July 2020.\nIn comparison, WASH support, the second most requested service, had approximately\n3,500 referrals over the same time period [(SMSD, 01/08/2020). According to incident](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDM1ODliNjUtNjk1NS00Y2MwLTk0MmMtZGFjMjZhOTZkNzdiIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSectionc681cd0ab26f19512c2f.)\nreporting mechanisms within the Shelter/NFI (SNFI), Site Management, and Site\nDevelopment (SMSD) sectors, there has been a 100% increase in shelter damage\nrecorded during this monsoon period.1 At the same time, weather-related damages to\npedestrian infrastructure including pathways, bridges, and staircases are also being\nreported which constitutes a serious safety concern for all refugees, especially those\nmost vulnerable.\n\nThe SMSD Daily Incident Report managed by IOM\u2019s Needs and Population Monitoring\nUnit (NPM) records the impact of small-scale weather-related incidents, including slope\n[failure, flooding, lightning, and windstorms across the camps (NPM 02/08/2020).2 Between](https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/)\nthe 1 May and 31 July 2020, 949 small-scale weather-related incidents affected 22,823\nhouseholds resulting in 20,352 partially damaged shelters and 1,986 completely\ndamaged shelters. In comparison, between May and July 2019, a total of 10,518\nhouseholds were impacted by 1,443 small-scale weather-related incidents with 9,083\npartially and 1,139 totally damaged shelters. Damages reported through the daily incident\nreport are indicative, from rapid on-the-day assessments conducted to inform the\nmobilization of first responders. A more detailed technical shelter assessment is then\n\n\n**Total number of reported shelters damaged (total & partial)**\n\n\n9882\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2019\n\n\n2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 There have been no major changes in methodology in the daily incident monitoring mechanism or shelter verification\nexercises between 2019 and 2020 that would have resulted in an increase of 100% in the number of shelter damages recorded.\n\n\n2 The small-scale weather-related incident types that are included in the analysis above include floods, drowning, infrastructure\ndamage, slope-failure, and lightning. The 600+ households impacted by fire in Camp 1E at the beginning of May were not\n\n\n\nFlash Report: Shelter and Infrastructure Damages between May to July 2020\n\n\ncompleted to verify and assess the damages. The Shelter Sector\u2019s Rapid Damage\nVerification Mechanism also recorded a 100% increase in damages, with a total of 19,276\nverified damaged shelters recorded between May and July 2020 compared to 9,600\nduring the same timeframe last year.\n\n### **What has caused such a large increase in damages?**\n\nThe implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures combined with the temporary\nshelter materials used in housing construction and poor weather conditions all\ncontributed to the drastic increase in damages. As shelter support was not considered\nlifesaving, regular programming was suspended in late March and Rohingya refugees\nwere left without further shelter support or replacement of perishable materials, such as\nbamboo and tarpaulin. Not all shelter repair and improvement programs could be\nimplemented over this period, aggravating the overall risk of damage. Only emergency\nshelter response continued without disruption.\n\nWeather related events\n\nBetween 19 and 21 May 2020, the tail of Cyclone Amphan, one of the largest tropical\ncyclones to make landfall in the Bay of Bengal, swept across Cox\u2019s Bazar, resulting in\n2,439 partially and totally damaged shelters in the camps. However, while there is a direct\ncorrelation between weather events such as heavy rainfall and windstorms and an\nincrease in shelter damages, these events alone do not explain the 100% increase in\nhousing damages.\n\nThough the 2020 monsoon season is ongoing and further shelter damages are likely, with\ncontinued rainfall and poor weather conditions forecasted for August,3 it is important to\nanalyse the impact of the monsoon season so far as the number of reported shelters\ndamaged has surpassed those reported between April and November 2019 [(BMD, UNDP](https://instant.rimes.int/seasonal_forecast)\n\n[06/08/2020, NPM 02/08/2020). However, as the 2019 and 2020 monsoon seasons began in](https://instant.rimes.int/seasonal_forecast)\ndifferent months, with heavy rainfall starting in July 2019 and in June 2020, a direct\ncomparison of precipitation data per month to measure the difference in severity of the\nmonsoon seasons is inaccurate. Therefore, an analysis of different weather events and\nrainfall trends over a longer period of time is more appropriate. According to the\nBangladesh Meteorological Department, the amount of rainfall for between May to July\n2020 was classified as Normal to Below Normal, based on the average calculation of\n\n\nincluded in this analysis and incidents associated with traffic accidents that occurred within the timeframe that are also\nrecorded in the daily incident monitoring were not included in the analysis for this report.\n\n\n[3 Rainfall forecast generated under UNDP DRR project using Bangladesh Meteorological Department\u2019s data with technical](https://instant.rimes.int/Dashboard)\n[support from Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System (RIMES) indicate Normal to Above Normal rainfall for the](https://instant.rimes.int/Dashboard)\nmonth of August 2020, which is higher than that recorded average for August during past 30 years.\n\n2\n[Any questions? Please contact us at info@acaps.org](mailto:info@acaps.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SMSD Daily Incident Report", - "confidence": 0.9781706929206848, - "start": 196, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "records the impact of small-scale weather-related incidents", - "confidence": 0.8859044313430786, - "start": 213, - "end": 220 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5733490586280823, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM\u2019s Needs and Population Monitoring\nUnit", - "confidence": 0.6130651235580444, - "start": 202, - "end": 210 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8125348091125488, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5147377848625183, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8029822707176208, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "daily incident\nreport", - "confidence": 0.9901463389396667, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5692557692527771, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Camp 1E", - "confidence": 0.801001787185669, - "start": 444, - "end": 446 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6914787292480469, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "precipitation data", - "confidence": 0.8548116087913513, - "start": 831, - "end": 833 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.6948445439338684, - "start": 872, - "end": 873 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6804802417755127, - "start": 774, - "end": 775 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "daily incident monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9675889015197754, - "start": 921, - "end": 924 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Bangladesh Meteorological Department", - "confidence": 0.5727066397666931, - "start": 944, - "end": 947 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.7661629915237427, - "start": 944, - "end": 945 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System", - "confidence": 0.6710560917854309, - "start": 958, - "end": 964 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Normal to Above Normal rainfall", - "confidence": 0.5175114274024963, - "start": 968, - "end": 973 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Bangladesh Meteorological Department", - "confidence": 0.5036047697067261, - "start": 944, - "end": 947 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.6008226871490479, - "start": 944, - "end": 945 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b90dc202-dc3a-3fc3-9f92-8a018e1ebe63/20200820_acaps_report_impact_of_the_monsoon_covid-19_containment_measures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "past rainfall patterns from the past 30 years (BMD, UNDP 08/2020).4 Although observed\nrainfall in May 2020 was higher than in May 2019, it was still in the Normal to Below\nNormal range.\n\nDuring the months of May to July in both 2019 and 2020, the most commonly reported\nweather incidents impacting shelters were wind/rainstorms and slope-failure, with\nwind/rainstorms accounting for higher amount of damage in 2020 and slope-failure\ncausing the most incidents in 2019 [(NPM 02/08/2020](https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/) ). [5]\n\n\n**Weekly reported shelter damages compared with precipitation data**\n\n**May to July 2020**\n\n\n\n7000\n\n\n6000\n\n\n5000\n\n\n4000\n\n\n3000\n\n\n2000\n\n\n1000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n450\n400\n350\n300\n250\n200\n150\n100\n50\n0\n-50\n\n\n\n01/05 \n07/05\n\n\n\n08/05 \n14/05\n\n\n\n15/05\n21/05\n\n\n\n22/05\n28/05\n\n\n\n29/05 \n04/06\n\n\n\n05/06 \n11/06\n\n\n\n12/06 \n18/06\n\n\n\n19/06 \n25/06\n\n\n\n26/06 \n02/07\n\n\n\n03/07 \n09/07\n\n\n\n10/07 \n16/07\n\n\n\n17/070 \n23/07\n\n\n\n24/07 \n30/07\n\n\n\nReported Shelter damages (combined partial and total damaged) Precipitation data in mm (CFSR) at collective site\n\n\nDaily Incident Monitoring Mechanism, IOM\u2019s Needs and Population Monitoring Unit, updated 02/08/2020.\nPrecipitation data for 2020 is based on Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) daily precipitation\n\n### Temporary shelter & COVID-19 containment measures\n\n\nGovernment regulations have prevented the use of durable shelter materials. Currently,\nonly the use of temporary shelter materials, such as tarpaulin and bamboo, is permitted.\nTherefore, small-scale weather events commonly cause recurrent damage to shelters,\nresulting in an almost-constant need for repairs. Prior to and during the monsoon season,\nthere has generally been a spike in support and materials required to reinforce and repair\ndamages to shelters and public infrastructure in the camps. However, COVID-19\ncontainment measures put a temporary halt to activities carried out by Shelter Sector\npartners, such as shelter improvements, repair, maintenance, training, preparedness\nmessaging, and the delivery of additional shelter materials. Site development partners\ncould not complete pre-monsoon infrastructure reinforcement work on bridges and\npathways or slope failure mitigation initiatives. As a result, accessing essential services\n\n\n4 \u201cNormal\u201d in climate terms is the Long Period Average (LPA) of rainfall over a location, using 30 years or more of rainfall data\nfor the region (measured at a station). The average is considered the \u201cNormal\u201d amount of rainfall for the region. A classification\nof below normal does not indicate the intensity of the rainfall. There can be high intensity rainfall over a short period of time\nfollowed by dry spells which may still result in a Below Normal classification.\n\n\n\nFlash Report: Shelter and Infrastructure Damages between May to July 2020\n\n\nand assistance, including distributions, is even more challenging and dangerous,\nespecially for older people, people with disabilities, people with chronic illness, pregnant\nwomen, and children.\n\nThe shift to critical-only programming on 25 March 20206 meant:\n\n - Only a limited amount of planned shelter improvements, repairs and maintenance were\nconducted pre-monsoon. Emergency assistance continued to be provided, as necessary.\n\n - Technical assistance and installation support normally implemented along with the\ndistribution of shelter materials was not provided. For example, tie down kits were\ndistributed prior to the monsoon season. However, reduced staffing in the camps due to\nCOVID-19 containment measures meant that no technical support and face to face\nassistance was possible. This impacted the quality of installation and the correct use of\nthe materials by less skilled households or households without access to labour.\n\n - The ongoing heavy rain and unstable soil impacts the installation and longevity of\nimportant structural repairs when made during, rather than prior to, monsoon season.\nTherefore, only temporary repairs can be made during the monsoon, and more\nsubstantial structural upgrades that would help shelters withstand poor weather\nconditions are required pre- or post-monsoon, when the ground is dry and sturdy.\n\n - In some cases, materials (i.e. steel footings) could not be distributed as they require\ntraining for proper installation and group activities were restricted as they would increase\nthe risk of COVID-19 transmission.\n\n - Preparedness messaging on how to \u201cprepare your shelter for bad weather\" was not\nconducted at the scale that was planned due to the need to prioritise COVID-19 public\nhealth messaging.\n\n\nIn addition to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 containment measures, many\nhouseholds have not received shelter assistance in more than a year. Given that bamboo\nand tarpaulin weaken over time, shelters become more susceptible to the impacts of\nsmall-scale weather events. Therefore, building materials require frequent replacement,\nhighlighting the incremental nature of temporary shelter assistance in Cox\u2019s Bazar, which\nis unsustainable without a shift to more durable materials and structures such as mud\nwalls or metal double story shelters. The inability to conduct comprehensive, planned\nshelter improvements, repairs and maintenance prior to May of this year correlates with\ntwice as much damage as last year, highlighting the need for robust materials, monsoon\npreparedness activities, and continued access to the camps for shelter assistance\nconducted in accordance with COVID-19 prevention recommendations.\n\n\n5 Definitions of the different small-scale weather events used in the Daily Incident Monitoring Mechanism can be found here.\n[https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/](https://npm-iom.shinyapps.io/Incident_Dashboard/)\n\n\n6 RRRC guidance on program restrictions in light of COVID-19: https://rrrc.portal.gov.bd/\n\n\n3\n[Any questions? Please contact us at info@acaps.org](mailto:info@acaps.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "past rainfall patterns", - "confidence": 0.7508744597434998, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "BMD", - "confidence": 0.7432337999343872, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6074045300483704, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "precipitation data", - "confidence": 0.7820518612861633, - "start": 114, - "end": 116 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "May to July 2020", - "confidence": 0.5149661898612976, - "start": 120, - "end": 124 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Climate Forecast System Reanalysis", - "confidence": 0.8063196539878845, - "start": 272, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Precipitation data", - "confidence": 0.6022583842277527, - "start": 234, - "end": 236 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "CFSR", - "confidence": 0.734755277633667, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8797757625579834, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rainfall data", - "confidence": 0.9500073790550232, - "start": 467, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "LPA", - "confidence": 0.9970747232437134, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "region", - "confidence": 0.662655234336853, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "30 years or more", - "confidence": 0.5194465517997742, - "start": 462, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Daily Incident Monitoring Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.8877196311950684, - "start": 1000, - "end": 1004 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b90dc202-dc3a-3fc3-9f92-8a018e1ebe63/20200820_acaps_report_impact_of_the_monsoon_covid-19_containment_measures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_280/raw/doc_280_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_280/raw/doc_280_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4b24b17b34cf9f4e78be3ed56b6a00d857b1faa0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_280/raw/doc_280_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,443 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Stale information, fresh** **constraints**\n\n##### Despite sharing a language with responders, Ukrainians who fled to Moldova must navigate complex, generic and unreliable information to answer critical questions\n\n## **Summary: what you absolutely need to know**\n\nResponding organizations and language service providers (LSPs) can take advantage of Russian, which almost\n\nall Moldovans use as a second language, to support people fleeing the war in Ukraine. But gaps remain for\n\nservice users needing to communicate in Ukrainian and marginalized languages. Even when content is in the\n\nright language, people struggle to verify information to help them make decisions about their stay in Moldova.\n\n\n**\u2022** **People in Moldova fleeing the war in Ukraine overall face fewer language barriers than in other host**\n\n**countries.** Most of the roughly 700,000 Ukrainians who crossed into Moldova after February 2022 are\n\nfirst- or second-language Russian speakers, who fled to Moldova precisely because Russian is widely\n\nspoken there. As a result, responding organizations have needed less professional language support\n\nthan in Poland and Romania, the other countries included in this study.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Responding organizations are largely unequipped to support communication in other languages.**\n\nOrganizations recognize the need to cater for speakers of other languages, but lack capacity to do so.\n\nSubstantial communication gaps remain, especially for members of the Roma community1, who are\n\nlargely reliant on verbal communication and have few opportunities to verify information.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Written information presents challenges regardless of a person\u2019s first language.** Most information\n\nsources are outdated and unreliable. Specific information is either lacking, buried in a mass of\n\nirrelevant detail, or expressed in terms that are hard to understand. Instead, people trust in-person\n\ncommunication and human hotline operators to provide the specific information they need.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Language service providers are largely working in isolation and at personal cost.** Existing\n\nprofessional language support capacity could help overcome many communication challenges - as long\n\nas LSPs are adequately supported. LSPs are largely unfamiliar with the structures and terminology of\n\ninternational humanitarian action. Most are providing translation and interpreting support either for\n\n\nDecember 2022\n\n\n1 Some participants from Roma communities expressed a preference for the term cygany (\u201cgypsies\u201d) rather than \u201cRoma\u201d, although\n\u201cgypsies\u201d is often used in a derogatory way by members of other communities. The stigmatization of the Roma community is deeply\nrooted in the words both they and others use about them. For consistency, we use the term \u201cRoma\u201d throughout this report unless quoting\nan interviewee directly.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\nfree or at discounted rates, and those working with traumatized individuals or accounts of traumatic\n\nevents rarely receive support or training to manage the psychological impact. Meanwhile, smaller civil\n\nsociety organizations lack access to professional language support. Around a third of responders say\n\nthey try to get by without interpreters when they don\u2019t speak the language of a service user from\n\nUkraine.\n\n### Recommendations to responding organizations\n\n\nBetter integration of language services into the response, building on the efforts of individual organizations,\n\nand a more user-centered information strategy could help address the problems faced on all sides. This will\n\nbecome especially urgent if the war in Ukraine forces more people to flee to Moldova. These recommendations\n\ncan help responding organizations and authorities to better meet the needs of those who have already fled, and\n\nprepare to meet the needs of new arrivals:\n\n\n**\u2022** **Apply plain-language principles as standard in all communication,** Use common words in place of\n\ntechnical terminology, keep sentences short and direct, focus on what the audience needs to know to\n\nthe exclusion of non-essential information, and structure content to make the key messages clear.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Plan and budget for language support** in a wider range of languages.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Provide a better basis for effective language services through training and support:** for language\n\nprofessionals this includes guidance on the humanitarian system and structures, and for both them\n\nand informal translators and interpreters it includes terminology support. Dedicating and briefing a\n\nstaff member to lead engagement with LSPs would help make efficient use of language services.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Collect information on language preferences** as a basis for better provision.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Develop a more user-centered information strategy** across the response, with a mix of in-person,\n\nhotline and online channels providing verified, regularly updated information better tailored to people\u2019s\n\nneeds and in the relevant languages.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Recognize the often painful sensitivities around the use of Russian and Ukrainian**, by ensuring that\n\nat least basic communication happens in Ukrainian to acknowledge people\u2019s national identity, offering\n\nservice users an environment where they can communicate in the language they prefer, and sharing\n\ninformation on the languages they cater for, so people know where to go and other organizations can\n\nrefer them appropriately.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\nLanguage and communication are critical to effective humanitarian action in the Ukraine response, as in other\n\nemergencies. Understanding the communication needs and challenges of people fleeing the war and those\n\nsupporting them is the first step to finding solutions. Overcoming the associated language barriers calls for an\n\nunderstanding of the capacity and constraints of existing language support.\n\n\nTo establish a clearer picture of communication gaps and capacity, CLEAR Global heard from people fleeing\n\nthe war, responding organizations, and language service providers in Moldova, Poland and Romania. For the\n\nMoldova component of the research, we conducted three focus groups with 22 affected people in Chi\u0219in\u0103u, and\n\nsurveyed 44 representatives of civil society and humanitarian organizations, and 22 language service providers.\n\n\nThe difficulties facing people fleeing Ukraine exist despite considerable resources being mobilized specifically to\n\nsupport them. People who have fled war, persecution and poverty in other countries for whom this provision is\n\nnot available will often face still greater difficulty getting the support and information they need.\n\n\n**A note on \u201crefugees\u201d**\n\n\nSome research participants and colleagues from Ukraine have told us they and others\n\naffected by the war object to the term \u201crefugee\u201d. They feel it does not describe their\n\nsituation, which they perceive as a temporary absence from their normal place of\n\nresidence. As a result, they are uncomfortable, even offended, when this label is applied to\n\nthem.\n\nIn this report, and our wider communication on the humanitarian response to the war in\n\nUkraine, we aim to avoid the term \u201crefugee\u201d. Instead we use more general expressions\n\nlike a \u201cperson fleeing the war\u201d (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c / \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 in Ukrainian,\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 / \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b in Russian).\n\nThis also challenges us - as CLEAR Global and as a sector - to find out how people affected\n\nby emergencies in other contexts want to be referred to.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n## **A shared language eases communication, but** **Russian is not the only relevant language**\n### Widespread capacity in Russian makes services accessible for most\n\n\nFocus group participants were largely first-language Russian speakers, coming mainly from the southern\n\noblasts of Ukraine where Russian is dominant, especially in cities. Around a third arrived recently and three\n\nparticipants said they had returned to Moldova after finding the language barriers in other countries (Poland\n\nand Germany) too hard to navigate. Many chose Moldova because they could speak Russian there. Unlike in\n\nthe other countries where we conducted this research, all participants said they would feel more comfortable\n\nif the moderator spoke Russian. Participants themselves mostly spoke Russian, sometimes switching to the\n\ndistinctive Russian-Ukrainian mix known as Surzhyk2, or using occasional phrases in Ukrainian.\n\n\nParticipants who didn\u2019t speak Russian as their first language were still fluent Russian speakers. These\n\nwere members of minority groups for whom Russian has traditionally been the language of interethnic\n\ncommunication. Many participants were from the Odesa area and emphasized the city\u2019s multiethnic culture,\n\nhome to several dozen nationalities that have long communicated with each other in Russian. They stressed\n\nthat speaking Russian doesn\u2019t make them less Ukrainian, and emphasized that the Odesa dialect is different\n\nfrom the Russian spoken in Russia. :\n\n\n_People are very friendly in Odesa, very respectful of each other. And to understand_\n\n_each other we have somehow worked out that we all speak Russian._\n\n - Focus group participant, Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nBecause almost all Moldovans speak at least some Russian, most of our largely Russian-speaking focus group\n\nparticipants said they didn\u2019t face particular language barriers to making themselves understood or accessing\n\nservices. They also told us a written translation from Ukrainian to Romanian was only required for official\n\ndocuments. In most other situations, a translation from Russian to Romanian was sufficient.\n\n\nThis matched the experience of responding organizations we surveyed: over 90% say Russian is the main\n\nlanguage of people using their services, and 98% say their staff and volunteers speak good enough Russian to\n\ncommunicate with them.\n\n\n2 _Surzhyk_ commonly refers to a mix of Ukrainian and Russian, but is also used to describe any mix of two or more languages. In different\nareas of Ukraine the language combination differs.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n**Figure 1: Responding organizations have capacity in some key languages, but struggle to meet**\n**communication needs in others** (sub-sample of 43 responders indicating language capacity)\n\n|Responders\u2019 assessment of
language needs and capacity
(% of responses)|Romanian|Ukrainian|Russian|English|Other|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Main working language|67%|0%|14%|14%|5%3|\n|Other languages staf can use|74%|26%|98%|77%|19%, inc. Czech,
Gagauz, Greek,
Slovak|\n|Main language of afected
population|0%|9%|91%|0%|0%|\n|Other languages of afected
population|35%|81%|58%|42%|40% (inc. Romani
(21%) and Armenian
(7%)|\n|Most challenging language for
responders|2%|50%|7%|5%|21% (19% Romani)|\n\n\n\n(Due to rounding, some totals may not equal 100%. For certain questions, organizations could select multiple answers.)\n\n\nAs a result, where services are provided by Moldovans, participants said communication was not a problem.\n\nThis was the case even for medical care, where a combination of technical terminology and emotional distress\n\ncan present challenges.\n\n\n_I had an operation: there were no problems. Everyone knows Russian. They also_\n\n_know Ukrainian. They come in, [speak] in Moldovan at first, and I say: may I speak_\n\n_Russian? And they start speaking Russian._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nProfessional language service providers also had capacity to support in Russian. English to Russian is the main\n\nlanguage pair language professionals surveyed report working in, with Russian to English and Romanian to\n\nRussian the next most common combination.\n\n\n3 One organization answered that they work equally in English, Russian and Romanian, and one answered Moldovan.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESEARCH REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9327143430709839, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6003580093383789, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9672338366508484, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5529217720031738, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "responders", - "confidence": 0.5871021747589111, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n### Despite this ease of communication, Russian can be source of tension\n\n\nSpeaking Russian was not without its sensitivity in a context where the language is associated with the other\n\nside in the war in Ukraine - an issue service providers need to be aware of. Some participants said they had tried\n\nto switch to using Ukrainian at least for some communication, rather than be seen as a supporter of the Russian\n\nside in the war. But others voiced resentment at Russia\u2019s \u201cappropriation\u201d of the Russian language, and the idea\n\nthat it was unpatriotic to use it:\n\n\n_I am not ashamed to speak Russian because I feel it is our language, a language of_\n\n_Ukraine._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nThe use of Russian can also be a source of tension with host community members. Some focus group members\n\ndescribed Moldovans refusing to answer them in Russian.\n\n\n_I asked how to get off, where to get off - and [a trolleybus passenger] told me in_\n\n_Moldovan. Even the conductor didn\u2019t want to talk to me. I almost cried. [...] I told_\n\n_her: please tell me in Russian, but she answered in Moldovan again._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nParticipants observed that the dialect of Russian spoken in southern Ukraine is similar to that spoken in\n\nMoldova, making it hard to tell where a person is from. They felt that as a result, Moldovans who reacted\n\nnegatively to their use of Russian probably assumed they were Moldovans. The warmth with which people\n\nfleeing the war have been welcomed is accompanied by widespread resistance to Russian as a language of\n\nMoldova. As a result, participants said that as soon as Moldovans know they are from Ukraine, they willingly\n\nswitch to Russian.\n\n\n_We asked for the address [...]. [The man] understood that we were from Ukraine._\n\n_He started speaking Moldovan, [but then] I said: \u201cGlory to Ukraine - Glory to our_\n\n_heroes.\u201d And he started speaking in Russian and told us everything [we needed to_\n\n_know]._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n### Language support is available to improve capacity in Ukrainian\n\n\nOnly nine percent of responding organizations surveyed said their service users\u2019 main language was Ukrainian.\n\nYet 50% said Ukrainian was the most challenging language for them to work in, and only 26% had any internal\n\nstaff capacity to communicate with service users in Ukrainian. While participants in Moldova expressed\n\nfewer sensitivities around using Russian than in Romania and Poland, some are switching to using Ukrainian\n\nin public. For some this is a challenge: most participants received their secondary education in Soviet times\n\nand are not used to using Ukrainian in their daily life. Taking steps to close the capacity gap in Ukrainian will\n\nhelp organizations effectively respond to the sensitivities around using Russian and support those who are\n\nswitching to Ukrainian. This need may become more prominent if more people are forced to flee the war in\n\nUkraine.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n_I think in Russian, translate it into Ukrainian and speak, but it\u2019s difficult. We are not_\n\n_used to speaking Ukrainian._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nProfessional language support in Ukrainian is already relevant for wider humanitarian communication in\n\nMoldova. Forty-five percent of language service providers surveyed do most of their work for the Ukraine\n\nresponse from English into Ukrainian. Thirty-six percent work mainly from Romanian into Ukrainian, and 9%\n\nfrom Ukrainian into Romanian.\n\n### Though responders are aware of communication needs, services rarely cater for marginalized languages\n\n\nThe accounts of both service providers and service users suggest people fleeing to Moldova are more\n\nlinguistically diverse than those fleeing to Poland and Romania. Responding organizations report that their\n\nservice users speak a range of minority and marginalized languages, including Romani, Armenian, Bulgarian,\n\nHebrew and Gagauz. A substantial number of focus group participants were also from ethnic minorities; some\n\nspoke Romani, Turkish, Azeri and Bulgarian at home, others German and English.\n\n\nResponding organizations surveyed offer a range of services for which accurate and appropriate\n\ncommunication is essential. The top three categories of service provided by survey respondents\u2019 organizations\n\nwere psychosocial and psychological support, social integration, and legal services. Though Russian is an\n\nimportant language of communication for many, some marginalized language speakers may prefer to access\n\ncertain services in their own language or Ukrainian. Other members of minority groups may not be able to speak\n\na second language at all.\n\n\nYet the range of languages responders communicate in, or hire language support for, is narrow. Organizations\u2019\n\nstaff and volunteers have the capacity to communicate in Russian (98%), English (77%) and Romanian (74%).\n\nLanguage service providers surveyed provide translation and interpreting mainly between English and either\n\nRussian, Ukrainian or Romanian. The information flow is largely from English into the other languages and from\n\nRussian into English.\n\n\nAfter Ukrainian, responders find Romani (19%) the most challenging language to work with in the Ukraine\n\nresponse, yet none had Romani language capacity among their staff or volunteers. Some also named Armenian,\n\nGreek, German and Polish as challenging. No responder mentioned either needing or having communication\n\ncapacity in any sign language, and just one language service company provided sign language interpreting\n\nsupport. This suggests information support to non-Russian speakers, and listening to speakers of other\n\nlanguages who aren\u2019t proficient in Russian, English or Romanian, is getting less attention.\n\n\nLanguage gaps in services are only visible if information is available on the languages needed and catered\n\nfor: a coordination function at sector and intersector level. This information is largely unavailable for Moldova,\n\nalthough REACH\u2019s 2022 multisector needs assessment provides data on respondents\u2019 main language. The child\n\nprotection referral pathway also includes the languages catered for in service mapping, but most services\n\ndon\u2019t list their language availability. Systematic data collection on language preferences would offer a basis for\n\nplanning support for marginalized languages.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multisector needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9603644609451294, - "start": 509, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "data on respondents\u2019 main language", - "confidence": 0.8012120127677917, - "start": 513, - "end": 519 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.9532880783081055, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Moldova", - "confidence": 0.9974784255027771, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9895729422569275, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9229677319526672, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7445112466812134, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n### Romani language support is available but little used\n\n\nMost Romani-speaking participants spoke several languages, including Ukrainian, Russian, and sometimes even\n\nRomanian. This allows them to communicate with responders and local people. Yet they still face challenges\n\naccessing written communication. Since Romani is a mostly spoken language, Romani-speaking participants\n\npreferred to receive written information in Russian or Ukrainian. Those who can speak Romanian still find it hard\n\nto read. They are familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet, but after independence Moldova adopted the Latin alphabet.\n\n\n_The Romanian here is not really Moldovan, but more [the Romanian of Romania]:_\n\n_there are some words we don\u2019t understand. We understand the language, but not_\n\n_the alphabet: I can\u2019t read a single letter._\n\n - Roma focus group participant (male), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\n[Though our Roma focus group participants all knew at least two languages, other sources indicate that some](https://clearglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CLEAR-Global-Romani-language-factsheet.pdf)\n\nRomani speakers cannot use a second language well enough to communicate with responders or access\n\nservices. Two LSPs surveyed said they mainly worked from Romani to English, and one from English to Romani.\n\nIntegrating this capacity into services would help responding organizations cater for Roma who are not\n\ncomfortable or proficient in a second language.\n\n## **Despite a common language, Ukrainians face** **barriers accessing credible, relevant information**\n\n\nDespite the widespread use of Russian, focus group participants described accessing information as a major\n\nchallenge. They were typically looking for information on one of three topics:\n\n\n**\u2022** **legal issues,** including how to legalize their stay in Moldova, what documents are needed to move\n\nto another country, and how to get married, register the birth of a child or get duplicates of lost\n\ndocuments\n\n**\u2022** **humanitarian aid in Moldova** - a growing information need over time as the volume of assistance has\n\nfallen, despite continuing need\n\n**\u2022** **options for moving to other countries,** including the availability of assistance, accommodation and\n\nother services and related legal and travel issues\n\n\nYet participants say written information on these topics is typically out of date, too generic to be of use, and\n\noften incorrect. Some documents also use complex language that makes them hard to understand, particularly\n\nofficial communications and material from humanitarian and civil society organizations.\n\n\n_[It\u2019s] very often stale information: things change._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\nMany participants criticized print materials as the worst communication channel: they\u2019re easy to lose, contain a\n\nlot of unnecessary information, and any useful information quickly becomes irrelevant. As in the other countries\n\nstudied, television is not a popular information source.\n\n\nParticipants do search for information online: this was how they found out about where to go when they\n\nleft Ukraine, and it remains their main channel for news about events back home. They mostly Google their\n\nquestions directly to find answers, but we heard a lot of skepticism about how reliable online information is.\n\n\n_The thing is that the internet is a very unreliable source. [If] you just Google some_\n\n_news, there are a lot of untruths, you need to double-check, you need [to look on]_\n\n_official websites._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n### People trust in-person information sources most\n\n\nParticipants in all three focus groups in Moldova said they feel much more comfortable talking to someone\n\nin person to find out about opportunities or to get answers to questions. Some stressed that in-person\n\ncommunication allows them to find out specific information for their situation that they struggle to get from\n\ngeneral materials. They also trust information received by word of mouth because they find the speaker\u2019s\n\npersonal experience more convincing than anonymous text found on the internet.\n\n\nAs a result, research participants in Moldova rely mainly on personal communication with others from Ukraine\n\nto get information. Perhaps because participants here were already closely connected with humanitarian\n\norganizations, volunteers and staff were also an important information source. This personal communication\n\nwas especially important when people first arrived at the border, where most received their first information\n\nabout onward travel, along with a SIM card, food and accommodation from a volunteer. Since almost all\n\nvolunteers and humanitarian workers in Moldova are fluent in Russian, and some speak Ukrainian, research\n\nparticipants had no problems communicating with them. In fact some were still in touch with individual\n\nvolunteers and sometimes call them for information.\n\n\n_In the beginning, when you are helpless, when you don\u2019t know anything at all,_\n\n_volunteers are a great help._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nWhen they reached Chi\u0219in\u0103u, the staff of civil society and humanitarian organizations became a key information\n\nsource, particularly for practical advice and contact details to access medical assistance and help with\n\nonward travel. Again language is not generally a barrier when communicating with Moldovan staff, and when\n\ninternational staff visit the accommodation centers they typically bring professional interpreters for support.\n\n\nHotlines are another means of verbal communication and source of answers to specific questions, and are much\n\nmore popular among research participants in Moldova than in Poland and Romania. Typically new arrivals to\n\nMoldova will call the hotline and be put in touch with the services and individuals who can help them.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n_We call the hotline - the green line - and they give us the address. We call, they ask_\n\n_what kind of help do you need, after a while you get a call and they say there are_\n\n_places here on such and such a street, come along._\n\n - Focus group participant (female), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n#### Romani speakers face particular difficulties accessing the information they need\n\n\nRomani speakers face far greater challenges accessing information. Though many are fluent in Ukrainian\n\nor Russian and Romanian, many are unable to read, or read confidently. Those who do read prefer written\n\ninformation in a second language - they don\u2019t typically read content on rights, entitlements and procedures in\n\ntheir own language.\n\n\nDifficulties digesting written information makes them reliant on verbal communication, particularly from\n\nhumanitarian staff visiting the RACs where they stay. It also significantly complicates making decisions\n\nabout their stay in Moldova. And since they have difficulty checking what they are told against other sources,\n\nor checking their recall against a written reference, they are easily misinformed - sometimes with grave\n\nconsequences.\n\n\n**Some Romani speakers pay a high price for poor information access**\n\n\nOne Roma participant had come to Moldova with his son\u2019s partner and children but left his\n\nson behind in Ukraine to join the army. This was based on the mistaken belief that under\n\nUkrainian law men with three or more children could avoid mobilization into the army only if\n\nthe couple were married.\n\n\nIn discussion with the focus group moderator, the participant was horrified to learn that no\n\nsuch condition applied, and that through lack of accurate information his son had lost out\n\non his right to accompany his family to safety abroad.\n\n\n_My son has five children. The state hasn\u2019t given me [any] help to bring them up [...]_\n\n_Now they are drafting him into the army, and why I don\u2019t know. I don\u2019t know why_\n\n_my son has to go to war and give his life when he has five children._\n\n - Roma focus group participant (male), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nParticipants in both an all-Roma and a mixed focus group said they would prefer to have someone come\n\nregularly to answer questions. They said this service could be in either Russian or Ukrainian, but the information\n\nshould cover the full range of services available to them in Moldova, and to those planning to continue their\n\njourney.\n\n\n_For example, if someone was to come once a week, collect information at the_\n\n_weekend and share it with everyone so they know, that would be much easier and_\n\n_better than written information._\n\n - Focus group participant (male), Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n### Different understandings of aid risk confusion\n\n\nFocus group participants expressed difficulty understanding humanitarian terminology and the humanitarian\n\naid system. They tended to associate free assistance with state aid, not international donors or humanitarian\n\norganizations. This view, especially marked among Roma participants, may stem from the worldview of the\n\nSoviet era.\n\n\nAs a result, several participants found the humanitarian aid system confusing - in particular, who is a\n\n\u201cdonor\u201d, where the funds come from, and what humanitarian organizations do in general. Some respondents\n\nwere unsure of the distinction between volunteers and commercial service providers. Addressing these\n\nmisunderstandings would help service users and local responding organizations who may be less familiar with\n\nthe international aid system to communicate clearly about what assistance is available.\n\n## **Language services are already part of the** **response, but need support to be more effective**\n\n\nThough responders face few fundamental capacity gaps communicating with affected people, professional\n\nlanguage service providers (LSPs) are present across the response, as in Romania and Poland. Translation\n\nis the most common service LSPs provide (94%), but over 40% indicated providing further support such as\n\ninterpreting at border crossings or in court, accompanying individuals to the doctor, or helping them fill out\n\nforms.\n\n\n**Figure 2: LSPs in Moldova are largely providing language support to NGOs, international**\n**organizations, and voluntary groups** (sub-sample of 18 LSPs who specified which entities they work\nwith)\n\n\n**Entities LSPs are providing with language support in the Ukraine response in Moldova**\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESEARCH REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9260141253471375, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6545572280883789, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6335012316703796, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5233299136161804, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Focus group participants", - "confidence": 0.7966103553771973, - "start": 13, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\nLSPs surveyed work with formal and informal entities, and many also assist individuals directly. Yet while 68%\n\nof responding organizations surveyed say they have access to professional translators and interpreters if they\n\nneed them, smaller organizations have much lower overall access. All but one of the smallest organizations,\n\nwith fewer than 10 employees, said they lack access to professional language services altogether.\n\n### Despite lower language barriers, responders still see a place for professional language support\n\n\nResponders who answered our survey mostly represented smaller civil society organizations and NGOs\n\nwith fewer than 30 employees, providing assistance in refugee accommodation centers. Despite offering\n\ncommunication-intensive services such as psychosocial support, respondents overall reported fewer language\n\nsupport needs than those surveyed in Poland and Romania. Only two respondents felt language barriers make\n\ncommunication with people who have fled the war in Ukraine more difficult.\n\n\nNonetheless, many responding organizations do occasionally need professional language support, and 63%\n\nhad called on professional translators, interpreters, and providers of certification and other legal services. For\n\nmost, these needs occur several times a month or less; just one respondent reported needing such support\n\nevery day. This represents markedly less demand for language support than in the other countries studied. Yet\n\nwhen it is needed, organizations feel that professional support makes a difference: 55% strongly agree or agree\n\nthat access to professional language services could significantly improve the effectiveness of their work with\n\naffected people from Ukraine.\n\n\nEighty percent of organizations surveyed rely on staff to communicate with and translate and interpret for\n\nservice users, and 34% on volunteers. Twenty-six percent of respondents reported asking staff to translate or\n\ninterpret although that is not part of their job description; however, in all but one case the individuals concerned\n\nreceived training for their role. Less reassuringly, 39% of respondents said they try to understand service users\n\nwithout interpreting support, and one described using online translation tools like Google Translate. Others said\n\nthey relied on the closeness of Ukrainian to Russian:\n\n\n_We don\u2019t know [Ukrainian], but we understand it when it is spoken because we_\n\n_know Russian._\n\n - Staff member of a responding organization\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESEARCH REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9786937236785889, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5663299560546875, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6240298748016357, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6537843942642212, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "responding organizations", - "confidence": 0.6691385507583618, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n**Figure 3: Responding organizations\u2019 strategies for managing communication needs mostly rely**\n**on staff members\u2019 individual language capacity** (sub-sample of 41 responding organizations which\nspecified strategies)\n\n\n**Organizations\u2019 strategies for managing language and communication needs**\n\n\nThough 77% of responders surveyed were confident their organizations\u2019 staff and volunteers can meet their\n\ntranslation and interpreting needs, some saw a place for professional language support in other important\n\ndaily tasks. These include public communication (20%) and communicating with authorities (16%), partner\n\norganizations (14%) and donors (7%).\n\n### Linguists often work at personal and financial cost without support to adapt to humanitarian contexts\n\n\nOur survey of LSPs suggests many are motivated by a desire to help those fleeing the war in Ukraine. More\n\nthan half offer their services for free or at discounted rates, and 33% had also donated money. Over half of\n\nrespondents were based in Moldova or Romania, with a further 14% inside Ukraine.\n\n\nMany respondents were freelance or volunteer linguists with no previous experience of translating or\n\ninterpreting for people affected by conflict and in need of humanitarian assistance. The majority said their work\n\nbrings them into contact with survivors of violence and other traumatic events (56%), or with the accounts of\n\nsuch events (72%).\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESEARCH REPORT", - "confidence": 0.956536591053009, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7207537293434143, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.544172465801239, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8877936005592346, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n_There were difficulties in the first periods of communication with refugees, when_\n\n_they were in a state of shock and unable to respond to questions and engage_\n\n_in conversation. We had to reassure them, offer them tea and make them feel_\n\n_comfortable to talk further._\n\n - Volunteer linguist, Chi\u0219in\u0103u\n\n\nYet they receive very little support to manage this type of work. Just two out of 18 LSPs surveyed who\n\nhave provided services since February 2022 said specific training was available to help them deal with the\n\npsychological impact, and only three had access to post-trauma counseling. Unsurprisingly, 44% identified\n\nprofessional burnout as an area where they most need support; one volunteer described having to take breaks\n\nfrom work to recover. Other support needs included training or guidance on communicating with traumatized\n\nindividuals, secondary trauma, and context sensitivity. More than half said they could do more if language\n\nservices were better funded.\n\n\nThe individuals and companies providing language services are doing so largely in isolation. Only three\n\nrespondents exchange information with other organizations involved in the response, and several would find it\n\nhelpful to have some forum for discussing language services to the Ukraine response. They also felt they could\n\nbe more effective in their work if other responders understood language services better, and if only trained\n\nspecialists dealt with language and translation.\n\n### Humanitarian terminology and structures present communication challenges for linguists and service users\n\n\nProfessional linguists surveyed were largely unfamiliar with humanitarian terminology, which was the most\n\ncommon issue (61%) for LSPs who indicated specific challenges working in a humanitarian context. Just\n\ntwo language service companies have extensive experience in specialist humanitarian terminology, while\n\nsome others have learned informally. None of the individual linguists surveyed had received specific training\n\non humanitarian action or terminology. LSPs said a better understanding of humanitarian terminology and\n\nstructures and of operating in armed conflict would help them work more effectively.\n\n\nOne responding organization also noted that humanitarian terminology and documentation present challenges\n\nbecause very little has been translated into Ukrainian and Russian before now. They regretted the lack of\n\ncapacity in Moldova to translate resources into those languages to support the response. Supporting LSPs to\n\nadapt to a humanitarian context would help responders address this gap.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n\n\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nCLEAR Global sincerely thanks all the individuals and organizations who supported and contributed to this\n\nstudy, particularly the focus group participants who generously gave of their time. We are grateful to Oxfam\n\npartners in Moldova and Refugee Accommodation Center administrators for their support organizing focus\n\ngroup discussions in Chi\u0219in\u0103u. Andrii Kryshtal designed and conducted the research for this study with support\n\nfrom CLEAR Global staff internationally and in the three focus countries. Anca Soldubanu supported data\n\ncollection and Tetyana Struk supported the engagement with language service providers. This report was co\nauthored by Andrii Kryshtal, Ellie Kemp and Emily Elderfield. The research was developed with funding from\n\nOxfam.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d47b744-dec3-42a5-aa8f-bb47e3947758/CLEAR-Global-Moldova-language-capacity-and-gap-research-2022-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESEARCH REPORT DECEMBER 2022\n\n## **Annex: Methodology**\n\n\nThis study was conducted in October 2022 with a total sample of 88 participants. We used a mixed methods\n\napproach including semi-structured focus group discussions in Chi\u0219in\u0103u with Ukrainians, and two online\n\nsurveys with responders and language service providers.\n\n\nA total of 22 Ukraininans took part in focus group discussions. The sampling design included a few basic\n\nprinciples to ensure fairly equitable distribution based on demographics and experience. One focus group was\n\ncomposed entirely of Romani speakers. Given the significant restrictions on men\u2019s departure from Ukraine, the\n\nmajority of participants across all focus groups (82%) were women. Participants were predominantly from the\n\nOdesa, Kherson and Mykolaiv Oblasts near the Moldovan border, and 50% had lived in major cities like Odesa\n\nand Mykolaiv before the war. In Moldova, participants were staying mostly in temporary or permanent refugee\n\naccommodation centers.\n\n\nWe sent an online survey in Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian, and English to responders to assess language\n\nchallenges and the use of and demand for language services. We received 44 valid answers from members\n\nof volunteer organizations, national and international NGOs, UN agencies, and government bodies. We sent a\n\nsecond online survey to language service providers in Moldova, receiving 22 valid answers. Most respondents\n\nfrom this sample were working as freelancers.\n\n\nThe findings of the study take into account the diverse experiences of people who fled from different parts\n\nof Ukraine, and of linguists and responders from different types of organization. However, they cannot be\n\nconsidered representative but rather provide insights into the main language challenges faced by participants.\n\nIn particular, the focus groups in Moldova did not include any people living with disabilities or sign language\n\nusers. Another limitation of this study is the urban sample. This reflects challenges faced by Ukrainians staying\n\nin Chi\u0219in\u0103u, but these might be different from those experienced by Ukrainians in rural areas.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESEARCH REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8963615894317627, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5577098727226257, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.967510461807251, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainians", - "confidence": 0.5452660918235779, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online survey", - "confidence": 0.6759283542633057, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - 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"datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8994e72b-1069-3f14-b393-e7e14df4dc6c/COVID-19%20deepens%20threats%20for%20displaced%20women%20and%20children.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_282/raw/doc_282_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_282/raw/doc_282_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2c12b892967ecc2777100f04e8c2a1e6b2b49a66..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_282/raw/doc_282_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,200 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Since March, the COVID-19\npandemic has impacted\noperations and required a\ndifferent approach to\n**communication** **with**\n**communities.**\n\n### Operational Context\n\n\n\nUNHCR **communication**\nchannels have been rapidly\nenhanced and enlarged to ensure\nthe continued provision of vital\nhealth and protection information.\n\n\n\nAll operations support\n**national** **authorities** **and**\n**WHO/PAHO** efforts\ndisseminating key messages in\nvarious **formats** **and**\n**languages.**\n\n\n\n\n- Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Americas in March 2020, UNHCR and its partners, in\n\ncoordination with key actors, are developing alternative means of communicating with\ncommunities, engaging and mobilizing them.\n\n\n\n\n- With rapidly changing dynamics in the field, UNHCR is continuously adapting its services and\n\nsupport to refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced populations, stateless people and those\nthat host them in the region. As part of a comprehensive response for the protection of populations\nof concern to UNHCR in the Americas, UNHCR approaches communities through creative and\nflexible mechanisms, aiming at an open and sustainable two-way communication. This is also\ncritical to ensure timely analysis of risks, needs and gaps of the people most in need, and to ensure\ncoordination with national authorities and humanitarian actors.\n\n\n\n\n- All operations actively disseminate WHO/PAHO and national authorities\u2019 key messages to widen\n\nimpact and ensure the adequate information is provided. UNHCR offices have adapted these\nmessages to different formats and languages that are more accessible to community groups, such\nas indigenous communities and children. All of this information is available in the UNHCR Americas\n**[online repository](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ARpbWZBVtooFwEmR4onZ10AEGgEKeT2J84Xa5USmhtk/edit#gid=31768815)** created to track materials available in each country, share good practices and\nidentify needs and gaps.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## UNHCR Response\n\nStrengthen Risk Communication and Community Engagement and critical protection case\nmanagement, including identification and referrals, protection monitoring and registration.\n\nThis summary provides a compilation of innovative efforts and good practices across the Americas region in\n**Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE** ) in the context of COVID-19, to promote,\nfoster and develop the exchange of community of practice.\n\n\n### Reaching out to the communities\n\n**Social media platforms**\n\n**WHO/PAHO** **key** **messages** in different\nlanguages and formats have been disseminated\nthrough social media.\n\nMessages on preventive\nmeasures and rights of\npersons living with HIV,\nincluding access to\ntreatment, health care and\naccess to health services,\nSGBV prevention and\nresponse, information on\nmigratory procedures,\nrenewal of visas and provision of services by\nUNHCR and partners in the Americas, information\non how to identify fake news and alert refugees\nand population in mixed movements, antixenophobia and non-discrimination messages,\namong many others, were disseminated through\nWhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram in all\ncountries.\n\n\uf0dc **National campaigns** such as [Somos](https://somospanascolombia.com/)\n\n[Panas in](https://somospanascolombia.com/) **Colombia,** Somos Lo Mismo and\n[Talento Sin Fronteras in](https://en-gb.facebook.com/pg/TalentoSinFronterasPAN/posts/) **Panama** and\n[Incluir es Protegernos](https://trello.com/c/aInc9Xk6) in **Honduras**\ndisseminate key messages.\n\n**WhatsApp** messages are disseminated through\nWhatsApp trees and community groups. Social\ncards, videos, audios and messages have been\nproduced and\ndisseminated. In\nVenezuela, Colombia,\nMexico, Dominican\nRepublic and Brazil\nmaterial has been\ntranslated in different\nformats and languages\nincluding Creole,\n\n\n\nPortuguese and Yukpa, Wayuu, Jivi, Wotuja,\nE\u00f1epa and Warao indigenous languages.\n\n\uf0dc 294,253 messages have been disseminated\n\nby UNHCR since March 2020 through a\n**WhatsApp Chatbot in Ecuador** .\n\n**Facebook** **pages** like\nConf\u00eda [en](https://www.facebook.com/ConfiaEnElJaguar/) el Jaguar\nprovide updated\ninformation on COVID-19\nto refugees and migrants\nin Central America and\nMexico. New material is\nconstantly shared on\ntopics such as WHO/PAHO\npreventive messages, mental health, and\nprotection of LGBTI+ individuals. The messages\nare available in different formats like posters,\nbooklets, children\u2019s videos and book readings,\namong others.\n\n**YouTube** videos to raise awareness on COVID-19\nprevention measures were created by Venezuelan\nYouTubers/influencers with the support of UNHCR\nin Ecuador. See the videos on these links:\n\n\uf0dc [COVID-](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\n\n[19: What will](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\n[happen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0) to\n[Venezuelans](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\nin Ecuador\n[and to their](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\n[legal](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\n[procedures?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rm_EKTVOx0)\n\n\uf0dc [Things to do during the quarantine period](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Twve6SHdBn0)\n\n**Posters**\n\n**WHO/PAHO posters in various languages**\n**are displayed** in Support Spaces, temporary\nshelters and other structures that remain open\nalong the displacement routes and border and\nurban areas. UNHCR operations have developed\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "posters on different topics, for example in the case\n[of Colombia on access to asylum procedures and](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17QtdNyVt3LFiMaGs0rF9jqVY6BEM6g5-)\n[non-refoulment; in Peru, at the interagency R4V](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17QtdNyVt3LFiMaGs0rF9jqVY6BEM6g5-)\nlevel, on the [services available and remote](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OXfyiUyKysyccMEIzKR1W0Y1MpvL49SO)\n[attention. In northern Central America countries,](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OXfyiUyKysyccMEIzKR1W0Y1MpvL49SO)\nposters help inform the population on the move\non their rights and UNHCR services. In Brazil,\n[LGBTI+ COVID-19 related posters were launched](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1V5OTLTO70PhoN9ddpkgz-wq_vBoZYqPd)\non the framework of IDAHOBIT. In Trinidad and\nTobago, UNHCR worked with UNICEF to\ntranslate child-friendly posters on COVID-19\nprevention.\n\nTo help address\nxenophobia, UNHCR\nChile is developing\nmultiple projects to\npromote inclusive\nenvironments. A\nbrochure with\nrecommendations\n[on how to prevent](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1PliLtIlGyxF2j9LnMo39M1cuhqMTFI_R)\n[stigmatization](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1PliLtIlGyxF2j9LnMo39M1cuhqMTFI_R) of\n\n\n**Community radios**\n\n\nWHO/PAHO messages and other preventive\nmessages adapted to the needs of different\n[groups, such as indigenous communities such as](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wK3-W7-wxsXs8HXOJvv8WFa9hl0m_CfD)\n[the Yukpa, Wayuu, Jivi, Wotuja, E\u00f1epa and](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wK3-W7-wxsXs8HXOJvv8WFa9hl0m_CfD)\n[Warao, are shared by UNHCR and partners](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wK3-W7-wxsXs8HXOJvv8WFa9hl0m_CfD)\nthrough community radios in Venezuela, Colombia\nand Brazil.\nIn Manaus and Pacaraima, Brazil, a partnership\nbetween UNHCR, Doctors Without Borders (MSF)\nand Mana Institute was established to implement\ncommunity radios and disseminate information\nabout prevention measures, health, hygiene and\ngeneral guidance to indigenous sheltered groups.\n\n**Multimedia**\n\nDifferent audio and video materials with key\nmessages are disseminated across the Americas.\n\n\uf0dc Youth networks: community structures and\n\nyouth groups in Zulia, Venezuela and\nHonduras produced and disseminated\nvideos and songs with messages on COVID19 prevention.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc In the Southern Cone, Argentina has\n\nadapted messages with audio and subtitles\nto allow access for people with visual and\nhearing impairments. Additionally, a video\non SGBV\nprevention, access\nto information and\nsupport by UNHCR\nwas developed and\ndisseminated\nthrough social\nmedia.\n\n\uf0dc Recorded stories produced by youth part of\n\nthe youth initiative fund \u201cCuentacuentos\u201d\nsupported by UNHCR Spain are\ndisseminated to children in Guatemala.\n\n\uf0dc Videos of UNHCR\u2019s support to the\ngovernment\u2019s response in the different\ncountries are shared through social media.\nSome examples are the building of health\nfacilities in Cucuta, Colombia and Boa Vista,\nBrazil. Additionally, UNHCR El Salvador,\nproduced a video to explain the\nmechanisms of communication with\ncommunities and the provision of\nhumanitarian assistance in the context of\nCOVID-19.\n\n\uf0dc [A song \u201cS\u00e1cale lo\u2019](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMC1wfoYezY)\n\npie\u201d interpreted by\nDominican singer\nXiomara Fortuna\non key messages\non COVID\nprevention was\nproduced with the\nsupport of UNHCR,\nIOM and the EU;\nthe song and video\nare being\ndisseminated\nthrough different communication channels.\n\n\uf0dc UNHCR, in alliance with the Mexican\n\nRefugee Commission, the Mexican Institute\nof Cinematography, UNICEF and other\ncollaborators, put together a video library\naccessible to shelters. The videos include\nmessages on COVID-19 prevention,\ninformation regarding international\nprotection, breathing and meditation\nexercises and entertainment for different\nages, among others. The content was\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "distributed to 24 shelters who owned\ninformation screens donated by UNHCR.\n\n\uf0dc A video was produced by LGBTI+ refugees\n\nand migrants from Venezuela in Colombia,\nEcuador, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Argentina\nand contain messages of solidarity and\nresilience amid the COVID context. We are\n[all together on this, \u201cEstamos todes juntes!\u201d](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDzdtLnPDEA)\n\n[The short version of this video is circulating](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FACNURamericas%2Fstatus%2F1263182877262516225%3Fs%3D20&data=02%7C01%7CPENABRIC%40unhcr.org%7Ccc05d87b18dd4f34851808d7fd0cc0f5%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637256103528078577&sdata=VtBfYT7Nt3tnj7bukPcjRGhdaq5Mr7dvdPWEluN6%2FgM%3D&reserved=0)\nin social media, long versions are available\nat the following R4V YouTube channel:\n\n\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPoDhyPVIAs -](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPoDhyPVIAs)\nSpanish\n\n\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDzdtLnPDEA -](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDzdtLnPDEA)\nEnglish\n\n**Call Centres and helplines**\n\nUNHCR and partners in the Americas enhanced\nhelplines in most of\nthe countries.\nInformation on new\nnumbers is\ndisseminated through\n[help.unhcr.org,](https://help.unhcr.org/)\nWhatsApp, Facebook\nand Twitter, among\nothers.\n\n\uf0dc In Venezuela, hotlines were disseminated in\n\ncommunities to keep assisting persons with\nspecific needs.\n\n\uf0dc In Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador\n\nhotline numbers for returnees, IDPs, and\npeople in need of international protection\nhave been made available for calls and\nWhatsApp messages.\n\n\uf0dc In Costa Rica, the call centre 800-REFUGIO\n\noperates remotely via cell phones.\n\n\uf0dc Trinidad and Tobago expanded its hotline\n\nofferings to include two new hotlines (three\nin total) operating 24/7.\n\n\uf0dc In Mexico, the national hotline amplified by\n\n3 its capacity to respond to the contingency,\nlaunching a nationwide WhatsApp number\nand opening two information lines to cover\nthe south and the northern borders. The\ntotal number of hotlines in the country is\n65.\n\n\uf0dc In Colombia, three call centres (Medellin,\n\nCucuta and Bogota) and 26 helplines\n\n\n\ncontinue to provide daily support to PoC\nwith updated information on access to\nrights and services.\n\n**SMS**\n\nBulk messaging is being explored in Colombia,\nBrazil, Argentina and other countries as other\nmeans of sharing information with the\ncommunities. In Guatemala and Trinidad and\nTobago, prevention messages are shared through\nSMS with refugees and migrants.\n\n**UNHCR HELP website**\n\nCurrently there are 24 countries in the region that\nupdated information on preventive messages and\nremote services in [help.unhcr.org.](https://help.unhcr.org/) Operations\nsuch as Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil,\nColombia, Costa Rica, Curacao, Chile, Dominican\nRepublic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala,\nHonduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Trinidad\nand Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela have specific\nsections with information on COVID-19.\nInformation on how to request asylum in Canada\nduring the COVID-19 pandemic is also available in\nEnglish and Spanish through the help website.\n\n**Information sessions**\n\nIn Brazil and El Salvador, interagency actions on\ndisseminating information and health practices\ncontinue to take place in temporary shelters,\nspontaneous settlements and some Support\nSpaces (e.g. screening centres).\n\n**Outreach** **Volunteers** **and** **Community**\n**Groups**\n\nOutreach Volunteers (OV) in Belize, Brazil,\nColombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic,\nEcuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru,\nTrinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, among\nothers continue to support actively in remote\ncommunity awareness, information dissemination,\nidentification of specific needs and sharing of\nfeedback from the communities with UNHCR and\npartners.\n\nIn different countries of the Americas, UNHCR is\nworking with community committees, community\nleaders, associations and community groups to\nensure two-way communication, understand their\nneeds and produce COVID-related information\nmaterial to be disseminated with their\ncommunities.\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0dc Videos with preventive messages have\n\nbeen produced by outreach volunteers in\nVenezuela, to encourage their peers to stay\nat home and feel supported and in Brazil,\noutreach volunteers prepared audio\nmessages for Warao and E\u00f1epa indigenous\ncommunities. In Dominican Republic,\npreventive messages have been\ndisseminated by outreach volunteers in\nurban neighbourhoods through\nloudspeakers.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc In Brazil, guidance material based on WHO\n\norientations was designed with Warao\nindigenous communities in order to\nguarantee their safety, preventing COVID19 contamination during burials.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc UNHCR offices are in regular contact with\n\ncommunity leaders and community groups,\nholding virtual focus group discussions with\ndifferent community members. In\nColombia, 300 cell phone lines are being\ndistributed to community leaders in\nApartado, Arauca, Barranquilla, Bogota,\nCali, Cucuta, Medell\u00edn, Mocoa, Pasto,\nQuibdo and Riohacha.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc UNHCR Ecuador organized an online\n\nworkshop with refugees and Ecuadorian\nyouth participating in the Dale Play initiative\nto collectively write a script and produce\n[video blogs related to COVID-19. The first](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUX0iNrEThw)\nscript was written by all the participants and\nthey agreed to produce at least one video\nper month to share key messages with their\npeers.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc \"From Cameras to Comrades - Community\n\n[Reporters\" (in Spanish: \u201cDe C\u00e1maras a](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag7mjjPwjTY&feature=youtu.be)\n[Camaradas \u2013 Reporterxs Comunitarixs\u201d) is](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag7mjjPwjTY&feature=youtu.be)\nan online community film project executed\nby the ALDHEA Foundation and UNHCR\nEcuador that supports refugees, migrants\nand host community youth from different\ncountries living in Ecuador through online\ntutoring to write and record their own\n\n\n\nscripts about the experiences during\nconfinement.\n\n\uf0dc Capacity building sessions with volunteers,\n\ncommunity leaders and community groups,\nas well as UNHCR and partner staff are\nregularly organized across the Americas on\ntopics related to COVID-19. In El Salvador,\ntrainings on psychological first aid were also\nconducted with community leaders and\nPoC.\n\n### Remote protection services\n\nConsidering national measures imposed to contain\nthe spread of the disease, UNHCR and partners\nare mobilizing communities to support those at\nheightened risk through existing community\nnetworks and online platforms and without\ncompromising their own security.\n\n\uf0dc In Chile, a document responding to\n\nfrequently asked questions has been\ndrafted to support information efforts.\n\n\uf0dc In Brazil, the Federal Government is\n\nproviding emergency cash assistance to\neveryone, including refugees and migrants.\nIn order to disseminate this information and\nensure their rights, guidance material was\ndeveloped and distributed in Spanish,\nFrench, Arabic, English, Portuguese and\nWarao, including audio materials.\n\n\uf0dc In Guatemala, social workers and\npsychologists providing case management\nservices, including remote individual\ncounselling established Support Networks\non MHPSS in order to meet on a monthly\nbasis, share good practices and also find\nstrategies and solutions for some difficulties\nfaced, especially with persons with\ndisabilities and persons with specific\npsychiatric needs.\n\n\uf0dc A partnership with the Latin American\n\nNetwork of Organizations of Persons with\nDisabilities and their families (RIADIS) is\nbeing prioritized in order to conduct a\nregional assessment on the situation of\npersons with disabilities and produce more\ninclusive information materials for COVID19.\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS", - "confidence": 0.8913594484329224, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Guatemala", - "confidence": 0.7679065465927124, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.9593826532363892, - "start": 502, - "end": 505 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Remote simplified protection monitoring**\n**tool \u2013** To continue monitoring the situation of the\npopulations of concern to UNHCR during the\nCOVID-19 situation, a simplified online selfassessment has been created with the online\nKOBO Toolbox, which helps the remote\nidentification of needs. This tool is currently being\npiloted in Ecuador, Chile, Argentina and Brazil. In\nEl Salvador, protection incidents reported by\ncommunity leaders during the COVID-19 are\nregistered by UNHCR staff through KoBo\ncommunity protection monitoring tool. In\nTegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula (Honduras), the\nprotection situation continues to be monitored\nthrough phone calls and WhatsApp\ncommunication trees set up in 41 communities in\nhigh risk urban and rural areas.\n\n### Regional Guidance\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Bureau for the Americas provides\nguidance through global and regional tools\nadapted to the impact caused by the COVID-19\nsituation on issues as Refugee Status\nDetermination (RSD), registration, resettlement\ncash-based interventions, sexual and genderbased violence, child protection, mental health\nand risk communication and communities\nengagement, among others. UNHCR operations\nhave contextualized the guidance and shared it\ntheir teams and partners to standardize\napproaches and keep staff up to date.\n\n### Interagency Coordination\n\nThrough interagency coordination UNHCR\ncontinues to ensure that a harmonized and\ncoherent response is in place during the ongoing\nCOVID-19 pandemic. Some of the examples of\ncoordinated efforts of different structures in the\nregion include:\n\n**Regional** **Interagency** **Coordination**\n**Platform for Refugees and Migrants from**\n**Venezuela (R4V)**\n\nAs part of the Venezuela Situation coordinated\nresponse, UNHCR and IOM, along with a range of\nkey actors through regional and national sectors\nand groups, jointly ensure a coordinated response\nin the context of COVID-19. National platforms are\n\n\n\ncoordinating the regular update of information on\nservice provision, sharing it among its members\nand with national authorities. Flash updates and\nNewsletters on COVID-19 are shared on a weekly\nbasis.\n\n\nA section on COVID-19 is regularly updated in the\n[R4V.info website with information on needs](https://r4v.info/es/working-group/248?sv=39&geo=0)\nassessments, reports, guidelines about assistance\ny response to returns, statistics and materials\nproduced by regional sectors and national\nplatforms. Over 6,500 new user visits were\nrecorded only in the last month.\n\n\n\n\uf0dc The interagency [online repository includes](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Nf7bb_c1h0EL3qMWhNqAtKwYUb3QeJg3HJMuVFJZbmI/edit#gid=2402111)\n\n\n\nmaterials developed at regional and\nnational levels by different actors on SGBV,\nchild protection, HIV, trafficking and\nsmuggling, shelter, evictions and returns,\namong other issues. [Key messages on](https://r4v.info/es/documents/download/74664)\n[COVID-19 have been adapted for social](https://r4v.info/es/documents/download/74664)\nmedia in formats such as animated videos,\ngifs and social cards. The animated videos\nhave been uploaded to the [R4V YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY15g8zZUGCs9icHHeumyow)\n[Channel.](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY15g8zZUGCs9icHHeumyow)\n\n\n\n\uf0dc The Regional\nCommunication\nWorking Group\ncreated content to\ncounter xenophobia\nin the current\npandemic context.\nProducts are\ndeveloped in\nEnglish, Spanish and Portuguese and\ndisseminated through social media\nchannels.\n\n\uf0dc The Protection Sector is conducting virtual\n\n\n\nfocus group discussions and interviews with\npersons with specific needs refugees and\nmigrants and service providers. This\nintervention includes consultations with\npersons with disabilities organized in\ncoordination with RIADIS and UNHCR; as\n\n\n\nwell as SGBV\nsurvivors.\nCompilation of\nupdates on\nevictions, border\nmapping and\nreturns continues\nto be gathered,\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KoBo\ncommunity protection monitoring tool", - "confidence": 0.7259942293167114, - "start": 86, - "end": 91 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR staff", - "confidence": 0.811903178691864, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "El Salvador", - "confidence": 0.6939785480499268, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community leaders", - "confidence": 0.5041511654853821, - "start": 75, - "end": 77 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "evictions, border\nmapping and\nreturns", - "confidence": 0.7544059753417969, - "start": 600, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and key messages are regularly shared with\nthe communities.\n\n\uf0dc The regional R4V [Service Mapping tool](https://espacios.r4v.info/es/map)\n\ncontinues to be updated in order to provide\ninformation on services and [Support](https://r4v.info/es/working-group/234?sv=39&geo=0)\n[Spaces](https://r4v.info/es/working-group/234?sv=39&geo=0) in the region and aims at collecting\nupdated information including remote\nmodalities of attention (online, telephone)\nduring quarantine and after restoration of\nservices in health,\nprotection and food\nsecurity, among others.\nA card with useful\ninformation to access this\nmap has been\ndisseminated through\n[social media.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F149421481734737%2Fposts%2F3322990241044496%2F%3Fvh%3De%26d%3Dn&data=02%7C01%7CPENABRIC%40unhcr.org%7Cbe93d1ef06d14d69bf2508d7f82c644a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637250741853719176&sdata=Qc%2Fdpe3Oc9Xj3jW0YjlqwOo%2BSwinJ%2BhrB%2F9vuiAWTaE%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\uf0dc U-Report on the Move: Uniendo Voces, an\n\ninteragency regional initiative was launched\nin [Ecuador. This platform will provide](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/76473)\nadolescents and youth with access to\ninformation on rights and services,\npreventive measures, as well as serve as a\nchannel to voice their concerns and needs\non how COVID-19 is affecting their lives.\n\n\n\uf0dc Over 50 Venezuelan musicians who live\n\nacross 11 countries in the Americas\nrecorded themselves during confinement\nplaying a song in common: [Algo est\u00e1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL3j6M1SvXg)\n[Pasando (Something is happening). This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL3j6M1SvXg)\nsong offers a hopeful message in times of\nuncertainty, a boost of energy and joy with\nconfidence that a better tomorrow is yet to\ncome.\n\n\n\n**RedLAC**\n\nThe Communications group continues\ncoordinating efforts on messages and information\n[regarding COVID-19. A repository of content and](https://trello.com/b/9P75yFWb/redlac-covid19-comms)\n[material is used by all members. A video showing](https://trello.com/b/9P75yFWb/redlac-covid19-comms)\nmessages from different UN agencies and civil\nsociety organizations in the Americas was\nproduced and disseminated through social media.\nThe Protection Group and the gender roundtable\nhave issued joint advocacy documents, including\none on returns [to](https://reliefweb.int/report/honduras/panorama-de-la-situaci-n-de-violencia-y-protecci-n-en-el-norte-de-centroam-rica-1) the NCA and [SGBV](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Claves%20de%20g\u00e9nero%20para%20la%20respuesta%20ante%20emergencias%20sanitarias%2C%20mayo%202020.pdf)\n[considerations in the context of COVID19.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Claves%20de%20g\u00e9nero%20para%20la%20respuesta%20ante%20emergencias%20sanitarias%2C%20mayo%202020.pdf)\n\n**Clusters**\n\nClusters in Colombia, Venezuela, El Salvador and\nHonduras continue to run a coordinated response.\nMapping services and continuously sharing\nupdated information with the communities in\ncoordination with partners.\n\n\uf0dc In El Salvador, in coordination with IOM,\n\nUNHCR has distributed cards and posters\nwith contact details of UNHCR and\norganizations in the Protection Cluster.\nThe material has been distributed in\nquarantine centres hosting deported\npersons.\n\n**Support Spaces and Safe Spaces**\n\n\uf0dc In Venezuela, the Regional Safe Spaces\n\nNetwork continues providing on-line\npsychosocial services and remote case\nmanagement for SGBV survivors and\nchildren at risk.\n\n\uf0dc The Support Spaces have adapted their\n\nservices and continue to operate remotely,\na few still providing direct services. Out of\n161 Support Spaces in Colombia, Ecuador,\nPeru, Brazil and Chile, a total of 107 are\ncurrently operating remotely. A newsletter\nwith the latest updates is available in the\n[R4V.info.](https://r4v.info/es/documents/details/75779)\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional R4V", - "confidence": 0.8093125820159912, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Through different communication channels, persons of concern are sharing with UNHCR and partners\nthat they are suffering from a lack of access to livelihood opportunities, financial resources to pay rent,\naccess to public services, food security and access to medical care, among others. Added to rising\nincidents of discrimination and xenophobia. All of this is causing insecurity, uncertainty about the future,\nincreasing levels of stress for not being able to support their families, and a deterioration of their\nemotional and psychological wellbeing. This situation is leading some refugees and migrants to return\nto their countries of origin.\n\nEngagement with persons of concern through community networks, leaders, trusted interlocutors,\ncommunity groups and outreach volunteers take place on a regular basis via WhatsApp groups, virtual\nfocus group discussions, protection monitoring, communication trees, and online or remote services.\n\nFeedback mechanisms are monitored, and feedback is currently collected via email, private messaging,\nhotlines, online platforms, focus group discussions and individual interviews when possible.\n\n\uf0dc In Guatemala, refugees and asylum seekers can share written, audio and video messages with\n\nUNHCR Protection Unit, providing insight to the effects of the COVID-19 emergency in their\nlives.\n\n\uf0dc In El Salvador and Honduras, community leaders and PoC provide feedback regarding protection\n\nconcerns due to COVID-19 and the tropical storm Amanda. Additionally, UNHCR El Salvador has\nreached out to PoC at risk and conducted interviews to collect testimonies of their experience\nduring COVID-19 for public information materials, considering protection concerns.\n\n\uf0dc In Trinidad and Tobago, refugees and migrants are using hotlines and\n\nemails to provide feedback.\n\n\uf0dc In Colombia, virtual focus group discussions with community members,\n\ninform UNHCR efforts to raise awareness, produce materials and adapt\ninterventions. Mapping of services, service provision modalities during\nCOVID-19 and referral pathways have been consolidated and\ndisseminated as part of the Valientes component of the Somos Panas\ncampaign. Additionally, community [feedback](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UlsAlwtN8TjERVDDWZ9qohawYsFQ7JQw) and complaints\n[mechanisms were established (online form and colbocwc email).](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UlsAlwtN8TjERVDDWZ9qohawYsFQ7JQw)\nInformation material on these mechanisms are currently disseminated.\n\n\uf0dc In the Americas, the Regional LGBTI+ Network with the support of UNHCR conducted virtual\n\nfocus group discussions with 45 LGBTI+ refugees and migrants in six countries in the region\n(Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Chile and Argentina) to better understand the impact of COVID\non their lives, needs and priorities. During the discussions, persons of concern provided\ntestimony of incidents of violence, discrimination, and physical abuse, among others. The\nsituation worsens for transgender refugees and migrants.\n### Challenges\n\n\uf0dc In a context of heightened risks and needs, opportunities and modalities of communication and\n\noutreach with the population of concern are limited as a result of the impact of the pandemic,\nsuch as loss of income, lack of food and basic needs -including access to phones-, along with\ngeneral restrictions on movement imposed in most of the countries.\n\n\uf0dc Considering the current restrictions of movement, limitations to internet access pose an obstacle\n\nto effective two-way communication with communities of concern. In many contexts, individuals\nrely on free hotspots in urban areas, borders and along the displacement routes, as well as on\nfree WiFi areas provided in Support Spaces, Safe Spaces, community centres and partner and\ngovernment offices, among other locations, to access information and communication services.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "spread of the disease in the COVID-19 context is driving them to maintain a low profile, making\nit harder for humanitarian actors to reach out to those at heightened risk.\n\n\n**DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE? FOLLOW THESE USEFUL LINKS**\n\n\uf0dc [UNHCR Help, Information for Refugees, Asylum-seekers and Stateless People.](https://help.unhcr.org/argentina/coronavirus/)\n\n\uf0dc [R4V website \u2013 with a dedicated Coronavirus page with latest information.](https://r4v.info/es/working-group/248?sv=39&geo=0)\n\n\uf0dc [R4V Regional Service Mapping \u2013 online mapping for refugees and migrants (English, Spanish and](https://espacios.r4v.info/es/map)\n\n[Portuguese).](https://espacios.r4v.info/es/map)\n\n\uf0dc [Central America and Mexico data portal \u2013 with up to date information on forced displacement in](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/cam)\n\n[the region.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/cam)\n\n\n\n[Global Humanitarian Response Plan COVID-19](https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Global-Humanitarian-Response-Plan-COVID-19.pdf)\n\n(launched 25 March\n2020)\n\n\n**CONTACTS RCCE REGIONAL TASK FORCE**\n\n\n\n[Global Focus COVID-19 Situation page](http://reporting.unhcr.org/covid-19)\n\n(including UNHCR\u2019s Coronavirus\nemergency appeal and sitreps)\n\n\n\n**William Spindler**, Senior External Engagement Coordinator\n\n\n[spindler@unhcr.org, mobile +507 6382 7815](mailto:spindler@unhcr.org)\n\n**Pilar Pe\u00f1a**, Protection Officer (Community-Based)\n\n\n[penabric@unhcr.org, mobile +507 6639 9986](mailto:penabric@unhcr.org)\n\n**Sonia Aguilar**, Reporting Officer\n\n\n[aguilars@unhcr.org, mobile +507 6835 5622](mailto:aguilars@unhcr.org)\n\n### Financial Requirements\n\n\nUNHCR is grateful for the critical support provided by donors who have provided generous and timely support to\nthe Coronavirus Emergency Situation globally, and to the Americas, as well as those who have contributed to\nUNHCR programmes with unearmarked funding.\n\n\n**Thanks to our donors and private donors in 2020:**\n\n\nAustria | Canada | CERF | Denmark | Espa\u00f1a con ACNUR | European Union | Fondation Chanel | Germany | Ireland | Japan\n| Luxembourg | Norway | Netherlands | Republic of Korea | Switzerland | Sweden | United Kingdom | UN Peacebuilding Fund\n| UN Programme On HIV/AIDS | UN Trust Fund Human Security | United States of America | USA for UNHCR | Private donors\nAustralia | Private donors Brazil | Private donors France | Private donors Mexico | Private donors Japan | Private donors Spain\n| Private donors Republic of Korea | Private donors USA | USA for UNHCR\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/150e61fe-575b-3d84-9eaf-0e1373684062/COVID-19%20emergency%20response%20-%20Risk%20communication%20and%20community%20engagement%20in%20the%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_283/raw/doc_283_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_283/raw/doc_283_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 182309d67cac3a93e64cd36bee6be56a2c1a215d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_283/raw/doc_283_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CPMS MAINSTREAMING CASE STUDIES SERIES** **Child Protection and Shelter:** **_\u201cReducing Child Protection risks through shelter design and a community-based_** **_approach in Malawi\u201d_**\n\n_In emergencies, girls and boys face increased risk to violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation. The way in_\n_which humanitarian aid is delivered can further increase these risks. Children may be exposed to harm_\n_during the chaos of a distribution or at water points or experience abuse in cramped evacuation centres._\n_Sometimes harm is caused directly due to humanitarian workers\u2019 actions or non-actions. Many threats to_\n_the safety and wellbeing of children can be mitigated or even eradicated through timely and sensitive_\n_provision of humanitarian aid across all sectors. All humanitarian actors have an important contribution to_\n_make to the protection and recovery of children._\n\n\n_To mainstream child protection means to ensure child protection considerations inform all aspects of_\n_humanitarian action. It also minimizes the risks of children being violated by programmes designed_\n_without proper consideration for children\u2019s safety or wellbeing._ _**Mainstreaming child protection is an**_\n_**essential part of compliance with the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle that applies to all humanitarian action**_ _._ _[1]_\n\n_Going beyond mainstreaming, integrated programming allows for actions between two or more sectors to_\n_work together towards a common programme objective, based on an assessment of needs. Where_\n_integrated child protection programming is not possible, child protection mainstreaming is essential. This_\n_case studies series looks at both examples of integrated programming and mainstreaming and the CPMS_\n_mainstreaming standards are applicable for both._\n\nMalawi hosts more than 36,000 asylum-seekers and refugees from a number of countries in the\nregion, including Mozambican refugees who began arriving in July 2015. The vast majority of\nrefugees from Mozambique are living in overcrowded conditions in an area about 100 km south\nof the capital Lilongwe. Most are in the village of Kapise, a spontaneous settlement\napproximately 5km from the border. UNHCR, who was leading the interagency response, and\nthe government of Malawi [2] agreed to relocate the Mozambican asylum-seekers to Luwani\ncamp, where the refugees would stay for up to two days until they were relocated and provided\nwith a plot of land, food, shelter materials and household items.\n\n\n1 Child Protection Working Group, _Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action: Briefing note to_\n_ensure child protection mainstreaming_, \u201cStandard 24: Shelter and Child Protection\u201d, 15 December 2014,\n[http://cpwg.net/minimum_standards-topics/mainstream.](http://cpwg.net/minimum_standards-topics/mainstream)\n2 _Malawi Inter-agency Refugee Appeal: January \u2013 December 2016_ [, 19 May 2016,http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/%20default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-Dec%202016.pdf)\n[default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-Dec%202016.pdf](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/%20default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-Dec%202016.pdf)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This case study describes how shelter actors realize the importance of conducting regular and ongoing\nconsultation with communities to identify cultural practices and needs that can guide the design and\nallocation of shelter for displaced communities. In this case, concerted efforts involving shelter, child\nprotection, protection and SGBV staff working in Luwani camp in Malawi ensured a protective\nenvironment for children, in particular girls, in and around shelters.\n\nThis case study is based on interviews with Rehema Miiro, UNHCR Emergency Services Protection Officer\nfor SGBV and Fadela Novak-Irons, (then) UNHCR Senior Emergency Coordinator (Operations) in Malawi . [3]\n\n\n**Identifying the Issues \u2013 How an unplanned delay prompted a re-design of shelter**\n\n\nUnanticipated delays in the procurement of shelter materials resulted in delays in the relocation\nof approximately 1,800 refugees from Luwani refugee camp. This meant that instead of a short\nstay of 2 days at the transit centre, families had to wait for approximately two weeks. It was\nduring this time that humanitarian responders, based on the way that families were organising\nthemselves, identified a number of challenges with the shelter design \u2013 one of them being that\nusing average family size to guide shelter design and allocation in reality didn\u2019t seem to work.\n\n\n_**Cultural Norms and Shelter design**_\n\n\nEven though pilot shelters were built together with the refugees and the host community to get\nto the final model that was going to serve as a standard for all shelters, staff involved in setting\nup tents in the transit centre became aware that they were running out of tents very quickly.\nFamilies were arranging themselves differently than expected; girls were moving away from\ntheir families and, in some cases, were living in groups together or living with other female\nrelatives. There were concerns that these young girls were potentially putting themselves at risk\nby losing the protection of their families.\n\n\nWhen talking with communities at the transit centre, humanitarian actors learned that amongst\nMozambican refugees it is normal that a girl who comes of age (between 11 and 12 years of age)\ncan no longer sleep in the same space as their father. In some cases, boys of age are also\nrequired to sleep in a separate space.\n\n\n_**A privileged moment \u2013 it\u2019s never too late to start mainstreaming child protection**_\n\n\nNoting what families were doing, child protection and SGBV staff started asking questions: were\nthese children, in particular girls, safe living with their peers? Where did they locate themselves?\nWere these new locations safe? What could responders do to address this issue? As a result\nshelter staff started working with child protection and protection actors who engaged in\nwidespread consultation with the community to understand more about their cultural norms\nand community approaches to protect their sons and daughters who come of age.\n\n\n3 Conducted on 8 June 2016 and 7 July 2016 respectively.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Preventing child protection and SGBV risks through shelter design**\n\n\n_**The importance of family unity to protect children**_\n\n\nBeyond being a fundamental right enshrined in international law [4], ensuring family unity is a vital\nmechanism to provide protection. Families are an essential component of a protective\nenvironment for children and most activities humanitarian responders engage to maintaining\nand supporting this family unity. [5] In Luwani camp responders were therefore concerned that\nfragmenting this family unity would create protection concerns for girls and boys. The\ncommunity consultations made it however clear that community child protection mechanisms\nwere working well, and that families knew where girls and boys were relocating and with whom.\nChild protection, protection and SGBV staff thus started to work with shelter actors to ensure\ngirls and boys using separate tents from their families were located in a protective environment\n\n- near their extended families and away from the edges of the camp.\n\n\n_**The solution: A balance is struck between family unity and cultural norms**_\n\n\nThis led to the redesign of shelters that ensured family unity while safeguarding the required\nprivacy according to cultural norms. The image below illustrates this simple transition:\n\n\nInitial Design Adapted Design\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBedroom\n\n\n\n\n|Bedroom|Common
Area|Bedroom|\n|---|---|---|\n|Bedroom|Bedroom|Bedroom|\n\n\n\n_**Child protection through shelter allocation and site planning**_\n\n\nIn addition to redesigning the shelters for large families and families with specific needs, UNHCR\nand its partners took a lot of care in considering how shelter allocation could strengthen the\nprotective environment for boys and girls and their families. This was done in part through a\ncloser analysis and understanding of the specific needs of each family. For example, a child who\nhad a significant health issue requiring regular visits to the medical clinic was allocated shelter\nclose to the health clinic. Female headed households, particularly those who had large numbers\nof children, were located as close to water points as possible.\n\n\n4 The right to family unity is derived from many sources including Articles 17 and 23 of the International Convention\nof Civil and Political Rights 1966; and Article 10 of the _International Convention of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights_\n_1966_ . For more information: Global Consultations on International Protection, _Geneva Expert Roundtable_ (2001)\n[\u201cSummary Conclusions on Family Unity\u201d, http://www.unhcr.org/protection/globalconsult/3c3d556b4/summary-](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/globalconsult/3c3d556b4/summary-conclusions-family-unity.html)\n[conclusions-family-unity.html](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/globalconsult/3c3d556b4/summary-conclusions-family-unity.html)\n5 On the importance of shelter actors supporting and encouraging families to stay together, see: Child Protection\nWorking Group, _Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2012), Standard 24: Shelter and_\n_Child Protection,_ [p.199, http://cpwg.net/minimum-standards/](http://cpwg.net/minimum-standards/)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Another example concerns a family with two children with albinism who had fled Mozambique\nbecause of targeted violence against the children. In Malawi, this family was somewhat safer\nbut still at risk. In addition to ensuring this family was located close to the police station in the\ntransit centre, shelter and site-planners ensured community-based child protection support for\nthis family. The family was connected with other families who were being relocated to Luwani\ncamp around the same time and who also had children of the same age. These connections\ncreated a small community and an additional form of protection for the family, including their\nvulnerable children.\n\n\n**Child Protection mainstreaming through collaboration and coordination**\n\n\nThe Malawi refugee response was coordinated using UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Coordination Model\n(RCM) \u2013 a model that guides UNHCR\u2019s leadership and management of refugee operations, in\npartnership with government. [6] In Malawi, this included the use of sectoral working groups led\nby UNHCR, the government and/or a partner. Interagency weekly meetings ensured there was\ncollaboration across sectors. The shelter working group was led by UNHCR and co-led by Care\nInternational. The Protection Working Group was led by UNHCR and included child protection\nactors (government, UNICEF, Jesuit Refugee Service and Plan International) within it.\n\n\nSeveral factors contributed to the successful mainstreaming of child protection considerations\ninto the shelter response in Malawi. UNHCR had a strong commitment to ensure that protection\nconcerns, including child protection, were mainstreamed (identified, communicated and\naddressed) across all sectors involved in the response. To achieve this goal, the Refugee\nProtection Working Group (RPWG) sits above, rather than beside, sectoral working groups in the\nRCM structure designed for Malawi. This emphasised the key role for those within the RPWG to\nwork closely with other sectors to support mainstreaming efforts.\n\n\nAnother important factor was the strong collaboration at field level, supported by a number of\nprotection and child protection actors. UNHCR had a protection field officer and associate on\nthe ground at all times to advise and support shelter actors in Luwani camp. In addition, a\ncommunity services associate worked with communities at the transit centre getting to\nunderstand families and their needs to support shelter actors in the allocation of shelter. Plan\nInternational was responsible for child protection, SGBV and human rights aspects of the\nresponse and Jesuit Refugee Service took the lead on psychosocial support and communitymobilisation around youth activities. All these actors worked together with UNHCR, the\ngovernment, Care International and other shelter actors. As Fadela, UNHCR Senior Emergency\nCoordinator, said, \u201cCoordination is really at the heart of this emergency response\u2026All of us were\nable to see, analyse and discuss openly these issues together\u2026Because of the way we were\nworking together as partners with agreed responsibilities and accountability, we were able to\nachieve great outcomes with very little means.\u201d\n\n\n6 For more information on the Refugee Coordination Model, please see the _UNHCR Emergency Handbook_,\n[https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/60930/refugee-coordination-model-rcm](https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/60930/refugee-coordination-model-rcm)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Lessons Learned**\n\n\n_**Community Participation \u2013 an essential ingredient for child protection mainstreaming**_\n\n\nThe Guiding Principle of child participation is the bedrock of the Convention on the Rights of the\nChild and of child protection work. [7] The principle is also considered an essential aspect of\nhumanitarian work and is closely linked with humanitarian goals of people-centred responses [8],\naccountability, transparency and dignity [9] . For participation to be meaningful, it requires ongoing\nconsultation with communities, including children, to understand their contexts, issues and\nneeds.\n\n\n\nThe case study of Luwani camp shows the\nimportance of thorough community\nconsultation. This lesson prompted a concerted\neffort involving both shelter, child protection\nand SGBV staff to ensure a community-based\napproach, allowing for greater understanding of\nchild protection issues, relevant to the design\nand allocation of shelter as well as site-planning.\n\n\n_**Flexibility and stepping out of comfort zones**_\n\n\n\n\u201cIt takes quite something to place a\ncommunity-based approach at the heart of\na response that requires a lot of expertise.\nYou have to trust a community-based\napproach can actually give you equally\ngood results as what the experts will come\nup with. Or potentially even better\nresults!\u201d Fadela Novak-Irons\n\n\n\nThere\u2019s no doubt the collaborative approach involving different sectors was time-consuming and\nresource-intensive. It required a willingness of shelter actors from UNHCR and Care\nInternational to be open to work in a different way and to be flexible enough to adapt their\nprocesses and activities accordingly. It also enabled shelter actors to work closely together with\nfamilies and to identify and respond to child protection issues in their activities. In Fadela\u2019s own\nwords: \u201cIt is about really letting go of where you see your own expertise. And that\u2019s a challenge\nfor us in the humanitarian community \u2013 to actually fully live up to what we say we stand up for \u2013\nwhich is placing the community at the heart of what we do.\u201d\n\n\n7 See for example, _Convention on the Rights of the Child_, Article 12,\n[http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx](http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx)\n8 See Sphere Project, _Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response_, \u201cCore Standard 1:\n[People-centred humanitarian response\u201d, http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/core-standard-1-people-centred-](http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/core-standard-1-people-centred-humanitarian-response/)\n[humanitarian-response/](http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/core-standard-1-people-centred-humanitarian-response/)\n9 See for example Global Protection Cluster, _Protection Mainstreaming Elements_,\n[http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/en/areas-of-responsibility/protection-mainstreaming.html](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/en/areas-of-responsibility/protection-mainstreaming.html)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Annex A: Map of Malawi [10]\n\n10 Taken from _Malawi Inter-agency Refugee Appeal: January \u2013 December 2016_, 19 May 2016,\n[http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-Dec%202016.pdf)\n[Dec%202016.pdf, at p. 4](http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Malawi%20Inter-Agency%20Refugee%20Appeal%20-%20Jan%20-Dec%202016.pdf)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff1e99c5-acb6-3bce-acd1-1de3d128e974/CP-Mainstreaming-SHELTER-final-9-Nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_284/raw/doc_284_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_284/raw/doc_284_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2a1e78684724a2c76458923c6867c8c474c07145..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_284/raw/doc_284_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Environnement de Protection**\n\n\n\nLe Mali fait face \u00e0 une crise de protection majeure\ndans laquelle les populations sont expos\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on\nquotidienne \u00e0 des violations de leurs droits et \u00e0 des\natteintes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 leur dignit\u00e9. La population civile\nau centre (Mopti, S\u00e9gou) et au nord (Tombouctou, Gao,\nM\u00e9naka, Kidal) est la plus touch\u00e9e par les violences inter\net intra-communautaires qui entra\u00eenent sans cesse des\nmouvements de population, et \u00e9puisent les m\u00e9canismes\nd\u2019adaptation de la communaut\u00e9. L\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique au\nniveau national s\u2019est aggrav\u00e9e avec l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un\ngouvernement de transition suite \u00e0 un Coup d\u2019Etat en ao\u00fbt\n2020, et un deuxi\u00e8me changement non-constitutionnel\ndu Gouvernement de transition en mai 2021. L\u2019impact\ndu changement de gouvernement sur les dynamiques\ndu conflit n\u2019est pas \u00e9vident \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer \u00e0 ce stade. En\nraison des \u00e9v\u00e9nements politiques des derniers mois, le\nrisque existe que le red\u00e9ploiement des autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques\ndans les zones o\u00f9 elles sont absentes ainsi que la mise en\n\u0153uvre de l\u2019Accord pour la paix et la r\u00e9conciliation au Mali\n(Accord d\u2019Alger) qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 en 2015, ne soient ralentis.\nLes effets de la fin de l\u2019op\u00e9ration Barkhane, annonc\u00e9e par\nle pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais d\u00e9but juin, sont peu clairs \u00e0 ce stade.\nLe risque existe que la r\u00e9organisation du dispositif militaire\nfran\u00e7ais au Sahel pourrait entra\u00eener une d\u00e9stabilisation des\nzones au nord et au centre ; et d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer l\u2019environnement\nde protection pour la population civile.\n\n\nEntre janvier et juin 2021, un total de 3 580 violations\na \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9 \u00e0 travers le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de\nprotection du Cluster Protection, soit une augmentation\nde 58% par rapport au semestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Une tr\u00e8s forte\naugmentation des violations a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e au cours du\ndernier trimestre, qui s\u2019est majoritairement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e\npar des mouvements de population enregistr\u00e9s dans\nle centre du pays, avec toutes leurs cons\u00e9quences en\ntermes de protection. Un total de 42 attaques de villages\net 22 menaces d\u2019attaques de villages a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9\ndepuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ces attaques sont souvent\naccompagn\u00e9es par des pillages, des vols de b\u00e9tail,\ndes destruction ou incendies volontaires de cases et\ngreniers. Ces derniers ont constamment augment\u00e9\nchaque mois depuis janvier 2021. Les affrontements\ninter-communautaires se sont intensifi\u00e9s au centre,\nmalgr\u00e9 plusieurs accords de paix locaux conclus au d\u00e9but\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019attaques de villages est\nanticip\u00e9, avec le d\u00e9but de la saison des pluies (juillet), au\ncentre, dans l\u2019objectif des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques\n(GANE) de consolider leur pr\u00e9sence dans des lieux\nstrat\u00e9giques. La propagation du conflit vers le sud du\n\n\n**2** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\npays reste une pr\u00e9occupation. De nombreux incidents\ns\u00e9curitaires ont eu lieu ces derniers mois dans la r\u00e9gion\nde Sikasso entrainant une d\u00e9gradation de la situation\nde protection. La pr\u00e9sence accrue des GANE, des\nassassinats/meurtres, enl\u00e8vements et des menaces ont\naffect\u00e9 le fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de\nsant\u00e9 dans plusieurs cercles de la r\u00e9gion. Cependant, la\nr\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou a vu une r\u00e9duction des violations de 44%\npar rapport au premier trimestre 2021. Celle-ci est attribu\u00e9e\n\u00e0 une accalmie des tensions inter-communautaires\ndans la zone. L\u2019indice de risque [1] montre \u00e9galement une\nl\u00e9g\u00e8re stabilisation, surtout dans le cercle de Niono. La\npopulation civile des r\u00e9gions du nord, notamment Gao et\nTombouctou continue d\u2019\u00eatre touch\u00e9e par des violations\ncommises par des GANE et des r\u00e9seaux criminels.\n\n\nUne pr\u00e9occupation principale de la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire au Mali est l\u2019accroissement des contraintes\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, surtout dans des zones o\u00f9 il y a\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 une insuffisance et parfois, une absence compl\u00e8te\nd\u2019infrastructures et de services sociaux de base. En\nplus des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s logistiques (en lien avec\nl\u2019enclavement et l\u2019hivernage - saison des pluies rendant\nles routes/voies d\u2019acc\u00e8s impraticables), l\u2019acc\u00e8s est\nparticuli\u00e8rement limit\u00e9 dans les zones sous contr\u00f4le\ndes GANE, les zones touch\u00e9es par des hostilit\u00e9s entre\ngroupes arm\u00e9s ou des op\u00e9rations militaires, ainsi qu\u2019une\nins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e li\u00e9e aux risques de braquages et \u00e0\nla criminalit\u00e9 qui a drastiquement augment\u00e9 au centre et\nau nord au cours des derniers mois. En outre, la menace\nexplosive pose une contrainte majeure pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire. Dans le contexte de conflits inter et intracommunautaires, les communaut\u00e9s locales font souvent\nface \u00e0 des restrictions de mouvements d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es par\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s qui interdisent et bloquent leur\nacc\u00e8s aux services de base ou l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs moyens de\nsubsistance. La d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire\nau Mali mais \u00e9galement l\u2019augmentation des incidents\nde protection touchant des humanitaires restreignent et\ncomplexifient consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n\n1 D\u00e9finition de l\u2019indice de risque list\u00e9 \u00e0 la page \u2018documents de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cartographie des Violations de Protection (Juin 2021)**\n\n\n**Evolution de la s\u00e9verit\u00e9 de protection selon l\u2019indice de risque de protection**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Focus Encerclement de village et restrictions de th\u00e9matique: la libert\u00e9 de circulation des populations\n\n\n\nL\u2019encerclement des villages par des groupes arm\u00e9s, les\nrestrictions de la libert\u00e9 de circulation des populations\nciviles et le d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base\nsont devenus des tactiques de guerre fr\u00e9quentes surtout\ndans les conflits inter-communautaires au centre du pays.\n\n\nLe ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019encerclement de village se manifeste **au**\n**travers d\u2019un sch\u00e9ma identique:** Les zones sont marqu\u00e9es\npar une pr\u00e9sence accrue des GANE non-\u00e9tatiques et\nune recrudescence de la violence inter-communautaire.\nG\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, plusieurs incidents graves (comme des\nmeurtres, enl\u00e8vements, ou agressions physiques contre\nla population civile, les leaders communautaires, les\nchefs religieux ou des chefs de village) contribuent \u00e0\nune escalade des tensions. A titre d\u2019exemple le village de\nFarabougou dans le cercle de Niono, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 encercl\u00e9 par\ndes groupes radicaux pendant six mois \u00e0 partir d\u2019octobre\n2020, a connu de multiples incidents qui ont d\u00e9clench\u00e9\nun cycle de repr\u00e9sailles, notamment les enl\u00e8vements de\nnombreux civils et le meurtre d\u2019un leader communautaire.\nDe m\u00eame, le village de Dinangourou, dans le cercle de\nKoro, encercl\u00e9 depuis d\u00e9but mai 2021, a connu plusieurs\naffrontements entre des Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(FDS) et des GANE avec un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de victimes du\nc\u00f4t\u00e9 des GANE [2] . L\u2019accusation par les parties au conflits de\ncollaborer avec l\u2019\u00ab ennemi \u00bb, dans le cas de Dinangourou,\net l\u2019accusation de la part des groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques de collaboration avec les FDS, semblent \u00eatre\nune des raisons invoqu\u00e9es pour limiter la libre circulation\nde la population et leur acc\u00e8s aux services de base. Cette\ntactique a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans le contexte des\nconflits intra-communautaires: dans le village dogon\nde Borko, cercle de Bandiagara, la milice dogon Dan Na\nAmbassagou a attaqu\u00e9 et isol\u00e9 le village [3], restreint la\nlibert\u00e9 de la population \u00e0 quitter la zone pour acc\u00e9der\naux services et mener des activit\u00e9s commerciales. Cette\nrestriction avait pour objectif de punir la population afin\nde briser sa r\u00e9sistance, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que la population de\nBorko a refus\u00e9 de se joindre \u00e0 la milice auto-d\u00e9fense dogon.\nLa population dogon du village de Bordosso, commune de\nKassa, cercle de Koro a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9e et encercl\u00e9e par Dan\nNa Ambassagou pour les m\u00eames raisons [4] . Environ 40%\ndu village a \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9 d\u2019apr\u00e8s des images satellites.\nEnfin, on note g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que les attaques de village se\n\n\n2 Cluster Protection. Analyse de la situation de Protection. Juin 2021\n3 Cluster Protection. Analyse de la situation de Protection. Mai 2020\n4 Cluster Protection. Analyse de la situation de Protection. Juin 2020\n\n\n**4** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\nproduisent avant ou lors de l\u2019encerclement. A Farabougou,\nle village a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9 suite \u00e0 l\u2019attaque au cours de laquelle\nsix personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et 22 autres personnes\nbless\u00e9es. Les attaques sont souvent accompagn\u00e9es par\ndes vols de b\u00e9tail, des pillages et incendies des cases\net greniers et d\u00e9clenchent de larges mouvements de\npopulation.\n\n\n**Blocage de l\u2019aide humanitaire:** Les villages encercl\u00e9s sont\nsouvent dans des enclaves o\u00f9 une coupure de route par\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s emp\u00eache la libert\u00e9 de mouvement\ndes populations. En plus de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des barrages\nroutiers, les groupes radicaux ont, dans le cas de\nFarabougou, sabot\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises des ponts menant\nau village et pos\u00e9 des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s pour\nemp\u00eacher les FDS d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la zone. En cons\u00e9quence,\ntout acheminement de l\u2019assistance humanitaire a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9. Dans le village de Dinangourou, le r\u00e9seau\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phonique national a \u00e9t\u00e9 sabot\u00e9 pour emp\u00eacher tout\ncommunication de la communaut\u00e9, entraver la mobilit\u00e9\nde la population et leur acc\u00e8s aux services et rendre une\naide humanitaire coordonn\u00e9e tr\u00e8s difficile.\n\n\n**Impact sur la protection de la population:** L\u2019encerclement\ndes villages a des effets graves pour la protection de la\npopulation. Dans de telles situations, les communaut\u00e9s\nsont limit\u00e9es ou interdites de mener leurs activit\u00e9s\nagricoles et \u00e9conomiques. A cause des restrictions de\nmouvement, les cultures sont souvent abandonn\u00e9es et la\nr\u00e9colte des produits dans les champs arr\u00eat\u00e9e, exposant\nla population \u00e0 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire grandissante.\nEn plus des restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement et\nde l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base \u2013 qui sont\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9s dans les zones de conflit - les\natteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychique, les atteintes\nau droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et les atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans un tel contexte,\navec les membres de la communaut\u00e9 faisant face \u00e0 des\nmenaces et extorsions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res par des groupes arm\u00e9s.\nLe risque permanent que le village soit attaqu\u00e9 par des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s est cause de d\u00e9tresse psychologique\nconsid\u00e9rable parmi les membres de la communaut\u00e9. Avec\ndes ressources affaiblies dans les villages encercl\u00e9s et\nune augmentation des risques de violations, la population\nse retrouve dans une situation humanitaire de d\u00e9tresse,\ncoupl\u00e9e \u00e0 des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s \u00e9lev\u00e9es et \u00e0 des capacit\u00e9s\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019auto-protection drastiquement r\u00e9duites. Une autre\nimportante pr\u00e9occupation li\u00e9e \u00e0 cette situation est que\nles restrictions de mouvement entravent \u00e9galement\nl\u2019\u00e9vacuation des personnes ayant un besoin urgent\nde soins m\u00e9dicaux ou de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers d\u2019autres\nservices.\n\n\n**Sch\u00e9ma d\u2019encerclement des villages: Causes, violations**\n**et effets sur la protection de la population**\n\n\nLe d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base et des restrictions\n\u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement, notamment les difficult\u00e9s\nd\u2019acc\u00e9der aux foires, aux champs et p\u00e2turages ainsi\nqu\u2019aux soins de sant\u00e9 augmente particuli\u00e8rement les\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des enfants, des femmes enceintes, des\npersonnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et des personnes avec des maladies\nchroniques. La mortalit\u00e9 infantile et maternelle serait\n\n\n\n\u00e9lev\u00e9e dans les villages encercl\u00e9s. Le risque de\nmalnutrition et des graves effets des maladies nontrait\u00e9es telles que les infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs et\nle paludisme touchent particuli\u00e8rement la population\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 physiquement vuln\u00e9rable. En plus, l\u2019encerclement de\nvillages a des effets n\u00e9gatifs \u00e0 long-terme sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation\nen raison de l\u2019interruption des activit\u00e9s scolaires durant\nde longues p\u00e9riodes. Suite aux perspectives limit\u00e9es\nd\u2019activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, l\u2019oisivet\u00e9 des jeunes pourrait\n\u00e9galement impacter la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Le manque\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et les motivations \u00e9conomiques sont la\nprincipale motivation pour les jeunes de s\u2019engager dans\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s [5] . Une augmentation des recrutements\nou l\u2019utilisation des enfants et jeunes par des GANE pour\n\n\n5 Arts and Humanities Research Council. Rapport sur la protection humanitaire\ndans la r\u00e9gion du Liptako-Gourma M\u00e9canismes locaux de protection et r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire.\n\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u00e9fendre les villages encercl\u00e9s est donc un risque r\u00e9el. Selon le m\u00e9canisme de surveillance et de communication de\nl\u2019information sur des six violations graves commises contre des enfants en situation de conflit arm\u00e9 par des forces ou\ngroupes arm\u00e9s (MRM), 45% des violations graves commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des enfants au Mali sont des recrutements et\nl\u2019utilisation des enfants par les forces et groupes arm\u00e9s. Les risques de violence bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont \u00e9galement\naccrues dans un tel contexte.\n\n\n**DISPOSITIONS DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\nLe droit international humanitaire (DIH) est un ensemble de r\u00e8gles qui, pour des raisons humanitaires, cherchent \u00e0\nlimiter les effets des conflits arm\u00e9s. Il prot\u00e8ge les personnes qui ne participent pas ou plus aux combats et restreint\nles moyens et m\u00e9thodes de guerre. Pour le Mali, qualifi\u00e9 comme un conflit arm\u00e9 non international, les provisions\nsuivantes sont applicables et pertinentes pour la situation des villages encercl\u00e9s:\n\n\n**Protection des civils:** \u00abLes personnes qui ne participent pas directement aux hostilit\u00e9s [\u2026] seront, en toutes\ncirconstances, trait\u00e9es avec humanit\u00e9, sans aucune distinction de caract\u00e8re d\u00e9favorable bas\u00e9e sur la race, la\ncouleur, la religion ou la croyance, le sexe, la naissance ou la fortune, ou tout autre crit\u00e8re analogue\u00bb (Art. 3 commun\nConvention Gen\u00e8ve).\n\n\n**Acc\u00e8s humanitaire:** \u00abLes parties au conflit doivent autoriser et faciliter le passage rapide et sans encombre de\nsecours humanitaires destin\u00e9s aux personnes civiles dans le besoin, de caract\u00e8re impartial et fournis sans aucune\ndistinction de caract\u00e8re d\u00e9favorable, sous r\u00e9serve de leur droit de contr\u00f4le\u00bb (R\u00e8gle 55 DIH Coutumier).\n\n\n**Protection des biens indispensables \u00e0 la survie de la population civile:** \u00abL\u2019utilisation de la famine comme m\u00e9thode\nde combat contre les personnes civiles est interdite\u00bb (CG PII art. 14). De plus, \u00ab[l]e fait d\u2019utiliser intentionnellement\nla famine comme m\u00e9thode de guerre en privant des civils des objets indispensables \u00e0 leur survie, y compris en\nentravant d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment l\u2019acheminement des secours pr\u00e9vus par les Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve\u00bb constitue un crime de\nguerre dans les conflits arm\u00e9s internationaux ; en vertu de l\u2019article 8(2)(b)(xxv) du Statut de la ICC de 1998.\n\n\n**Actions de secours:** Quand la population civile souffre de privations excessives par manque des approvisionnements\nessentiels \u00e0 sa survie, tels que vivres et ravitaillement sanitaire, des actions de secours en faveur de la population de\ncaract\u00e8re exclusivement humanitaire et impartial seront entreprises (CG PII art. 18.2).\n\n\n**6** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **BONNE PRATIQUE:**\n\n**Obtenir un acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans une zone marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u2013**\n\n**r\u00e9ponse par l\u2019\u00e9quipe multisectorielle NRC Mopti**\n\n\n**Situation:** NRC a pu r\u00e9aliser, pour la premi\u00e8re fois au centre du Mali, une mission d\u2019assistance dans une zone tr\u00e8s\ndifficile d\u2019acc\u00e8s: le village de Dinangourou dans le cercle de Koro a \u00e9t\u00e9 non-accessible pour les humanitaires depuis\n2018 pour raison d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s logistique. Par ailleurs, le village a \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9 par des pluies et\ninondations saisonni\u00e8res entre juillet et septembre 2020 qui ont exacerb\u00e9 la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation humanitaire\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 fragile, provoquant un mouvement massif de population.\n\n\n**R\u00e9alisations:** Une \u00e9quipe multisectorielle de NRC de Mopti (Protection, Abris/Eau, Hygi\u00e8ne Assainissement -EHA\net RRM \u2013 m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9ponse rapide), sous le lead du RRM, a conduit une \u00e9valuation multisectorielle rapide\ndes besoins dans le village et commune de Dinangourou du 06 au 11 d\u00e9cembre 2020. A la suite des r\u00e9sultats de\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation, le RRM a apport\u00e9 une assistance coordonn\u00e9e en vivres, abris et biens non alimentaires via cash sur\nfinancement flexible et en intrants pour plus que 600 m\u00e9nages.\n\n\n**Bonnes pratiques:**\n\n\n**\u2022** **Collaboration entre diff\u00e9rents acteurs :** Toutes les parties prenantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9es du d\u00e9but jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin\nde cette intervention. La bonne collaboration avec le service de d\u00e9veloppement social et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie solidaire\n(SDLSES) de Koro, des autorit\u00e9s communales, leaders et autorit\u00e9s villageoises de Dinangourou a \u00e9t\u00e9 primordial\npour obtenir l\u2019acc\u00e8s au village et planifier l\u2019intervention. Diff\u00e9rentes rencontres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de la\nphase de planification. Cela a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une bonne synergie et collaboration entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Flexibilit\u00e9 des options propos\u00e9es pour obtenir acc\u00e8s :** l\u2019option d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 Dinangourou en passant par le\nBurkina Faso a \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9 entre le programme, le management, les d\u00e9partements Acc\u00e8s/HSS (Health, Safety\nand Security) de NRC du Mali et du Burkina Faso, avec des r\u00e9unions virtuelles r\u00e9guli\u00e8res pour \u00e9valuer la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire. Finalement, comme la situation s\u00e9curitaire s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e le long de la fronti\u00e8re vers la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2020, l\u2019option d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 Dinangourou via Koro, en utilisant des motos tricycles a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie. En autorisant cette\napproche, le management de NRC a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 de la flexibilit\u00e9 pour permettre l\u2019utilisation des moyens logistiques\nadapt\u00e9s pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la zone.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Dimension multisectorielle :** l\u2019impact de la mission a \u00e9t\u00e9 maximis\u00e9 en assurant que l\u2019\u00e9valuation soit multisectorielle\navec la repr\u00e9sentation des diff\u00e9rents secteurs (Protection, Abris/EHA, Acc\u00e8s, HSS) sous le lead du RRM. Tous\nles secteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s au cours de la pr\u00e9paration op\u00e9rationnelle de la mission et une bonne coordination\ns\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e essentielle.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Engagement de la communaut\u00e9 :** La restitution des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation multisectorielle aupr\u00e8s de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 a assur\u00e9 une bonne compr\u00e9hension des \u00e9tapes prises pour identifier les besoins de la population\net la r\u00e9ponse prioris\u00e9e. Des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation sur la gratuit\u00e9 et le contenu de l\u2019assistance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tenues\net un comit\u00e9 de plainte a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place. Ces actions ont augment\u00e9 l\u2019acceptance de l\u2019\u00e9quipe sur place, renforc\u00e9\nles principes humanitaires et la redevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019intervention. Toutes ces aspects ont augment\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s\nde la communaut\u00e9 qui se trouvait au centre de cette intervention. Les actions prises et l\u2019approche choisi pour\nengager la communaut\u00e9 est cens\u00e9 d\u2019avoir eu un impact positif sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans la zone.\n\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Pistes pour adresser l\u2019encerclement de villages:** Dans\nle cas de Farabougou, de nombreux acteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nimpliqu\u00e9s dans les efforts de n\u00e9gociation et la m\u00e9diation\ndu conflit au niveau national et r\u00e9gional. Un pacte de\nnon-agression a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 lors du forum de Niono\nd\u00e9but novembre 2020 \u2013 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement tr\u00e8s m\u00e9diatis\u00e9\n\n- dans lequel des hautes personnalit\u00e9s nationales ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9es. N\u00e9anmoins, le forum de Niono n\u2019a pas\n\u00e9t\u00e9 suivi d\u2019effets et on a observ\u00e9 une continuation de\nl\u2019encerclement et de ses cons\u00e9quences graves pour la\npopulation civile. Une situation d\u2019urgence en assistance\nalimentaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s maliennes.\nL\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP) a par la suite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une\nsituation de \u2018dernier recours\u2019 [6] et une intervention rapide\npour acheminer une assistance \u00e0 travers un \u2018corridor\n\n\n6 En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les convois humanitaires ne feront pas appel \u00e0 des escortes\narm\u00e9es. Une exception \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne sera envisag\u00e9e, en dernier recours,\nque lorsque tous les crit\u00e8res \u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans les lignes directrices 2013 du IASC sur\nl\u2019utilisation des escortes arm\u00e9es sont atteints.\n\n\n**8** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\nhumanitaire\u2019 au mois de janvier 2021. Dans d\u2019autres cas\nde villages encercl\u00e9s une telle mesure n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prise\npar la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire au Mali. Il est \u00e0 noter\nque ce sont des n\u00e9gociations continues soutenues par\nle Haut Conseil Islamique qui ont abouti \u00e0 une cessation\ndes hostilit\u00e9s dans le cadre d\u2019un accord temporaire qui\na \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu au mois de mars 2021. La libre circulation\net l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et des champs constituaient une\npartie int\u00e9grante de l\u2019accord. De m\u00eame, dans d\u2019autres\naccords locaux conclus dans le centre du pays au d\u00e9but\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 \u00e0 Koro et Bankass la libre circulation de la\npopulation \u00e9tait un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central. Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 de\ncertains accords sign\u00e9s dans le pass\u00e9, des n\u00e9gociations\nau niveau local et l\u2019insistance sur les dispositions du droit\ninternational humanitaire par rapport \u00e0 la libre circulation\net l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base, qui sont \u00e9galement inscrit\ndans la loi coutumi\u00e8re, ont pu faire baisser la tension et\nfaciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Messages cl\u00e9s**\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 1:** Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019encerclement de\nvillage ou de si\u00e8ge met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019importance de la\npr\u00e9vention des risques et des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes\n### **1**\n\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 1:** Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019encerclement de\nvillage ou de si\u00e8ge met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019importance de la\npr\u00e9vention des risques et des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes\npr\u00e9coces pour mieux identifier les situations de tension\net \u00eatre en mesure de de-escalader la situation, \u00e9vitant\nsi possible la spirale de la violence. Des outils comme\nl\u2019indice de risque du Cluster Protection, le Early Warning\nSystem de la section PoC (Protection of Civilians) de la\nMINUSMA permettant d\u2019analyser les tendances et les\nzones de tensions ; ainsi que les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9solution\ndes conflits \u2013 m\u00e9canismes communautaires, Equipe\nR\u00e9gionale d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la R\u00e9conciliation (ERAR), Comit\u00e9s de\nR\u00e9conciliation (CR) \u2013 peuvent jouer un r\u00f4le crucial.\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 2:** En l\u2019absence d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire,\nla n\u00e9gociation pour \u00e9tablir un corridor humanitaire\ndoit \u00eatre prioris\u00e9e par toutes les parties au conflit.\n### **2**\n\n\n\ndes interventions humanitaires et pour r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins de la population des villages encercl\u00e9s d\u2019une\nmani\u00e8re standardis\u00e9e. OCHA pourra conseiller l\u2019EHP sur\nl\u2019ad\u00e9quation entre l\u2019\u2019appui militaire et la protection des\ncivils dans un contexte donn\u00e9 et sur les proc\u00e9dures en\nvigueur, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant.\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 4:** Une op\u00e9ration humanitaire utilisant\ndes moyens militaires doit conserver sa nature et\nson caract\u00e8re civils. Tous les acteurs (humanitaires\n### **4**\n\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 2:** En l\u2019absence d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire,\nla n\u00e9gociation pour \u00e9tablir un corridor humanitaire\ndoit \u00eatre prioris\u00e9e par toutes les parties au conflit.\nL\u2019implication des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationales et\ninternationales dans le soutien \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire\n(par exemple largages de vivres) doit imp\u00e9rativement se\nlimiter \u00e0 des situations de derniers recours et suite \u00e0 une\ncoordination effective avec les acteurs humanitaires ;\nconform\u00e9ment aux directives de l\u2019IASC sur l\u2019utilisation\nd\u2019escortes arm\u00e9es pour les convois humanitaires.\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 3:** Pour limiter les risques de protection\npour la population civile et pour \u00e9viter les risques\nd\u2019instrumentalisation de l\u2019aide humanitaire dans\n### **3**\n\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 3:** Pour limiter les risques de protection\npour la population civile et pour \u00e9viter les risques\nd\u2019instrumentalisation de l\u2019aide humanitaire dans\ndes situations de villages encercl\u00e9s, il est n\u00e9cessaire\nque la coordination civilo-militaire (UN-CMCoord OCHA\n/ GT-Acc\u00e8s) \u00e9tablisse des crit\u00e8res clairs pour \u00e9valuer\nla s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de protection et les risques existants pour\nla population concern\u00e9e pour garantir l\u2019impartialit\u00e9\n\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 4:** Une op\u00e9ration humanitaire utilisant\ndes moyens militaires doit conserver sa nature et\nson caract\u00e8re civils. Tous les acteurs (humanitaires\net militaires) qui interviennent dans des villages encercl\u00e9s\ndoivent assurer la redevabilit\u00e9 et la communication envers\nles populations affect\u00e9es, notamment en mettant en\nplace \u2013 sous la coordination civilo-militaire \u2013 une chaine\nde communication avec la population sur le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age\ndes actions militaires et humanitaires, les mandats et\nobjectifs des acteurs impliqu\u00e9s, et le respect des principes\nhumanitaires, notamment la distinction. En respectant la\ndistinction, les interventions humanitaires sont comprises\net per\u00e7ues comme telles par la population, permettant une\naide humanitaire efficace, un acc\u00e8s humanitaire am\u00e9lior\u00e9\net une meilleure protection de la population civile.\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 5:** Les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9solution\npacifique des conflits, comme les Equipes\nR\u00e9gionales d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la R\u00e9conciliation (ERAR),\n### **5**\n\n\n\n**Message cl\u00e9 5:** Les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9solution\npacifique des conflits, comme les Equipes\nR\u00e9gionales d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la R\u00e9conciliation (ERAR),\ncr\u00e9\u00e9es sous la Mission d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la R\u00e9conciliation\nNationale (MARN) et plac\u00e9e sous l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du Ministre de\nla R\u00e9conciliation National, doivent \u00eatre strat\u00e9giquement\nimpliqu\u00e9s, renforc\u00e9s, soutenus comme outil central de\ntoute strat\u00e9gie de protection des civils. Il est recommand\u00e9\nd\u2019envisager des \u00e9changes syst\u00e9matiques entre l\u2019EHP et la\nMARN au niveau national.\n\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Aper\u00e7u de la situation** **de protection janvier \u2013 juin 2021** **Impact sur les populations civiles**\n\nConflit et violence intercommunautaire\n\n\n\n**Droit \u00e0 la vie**\n##### **313**\n\nAssassinat, meurtre,\nmorts par engins explosifs\n\n\n\n**Droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**\n**physique et psychique**\n##### **714**\n\nCoup et blessure, menace,\n\nVBG, discrimination\n\n\n##### **401**\n\nEnl\u00e8vement, prise d\u2019otage,\ndisparition forc\u00e9e, arrestation\n\n\n\n**Droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la**\n\n\n\n**s\u00e9curit\u00e9**\n\n\n\n\n- L\u2019\u00e9volution des incidents de protection montre une\naugmentation drastique des violations au cours du\ndeuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2021, largement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e\npar des mouvements de population et des atteintes\nau droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Au mois de juin 2021, 1 237\nviolations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es \u2013 soit le nombre le plus\n\u00e9lev\u00e9 depuis l\u2019introduction du monitoring de protection\nau Mali en 2017.\n\n\n- 66% des victimes sont des hommes, suivi des femmes\n(21%), des filles (7.4%) et des gar\u00e7ons (5.6%)\n\n\n- Les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie ont nettement augment\u00e9\napr\u00e8s une accalmie au mois de f\u00e9vrier et mars. 56%\ndes atteintes sous cette cat\u00e9gorie sont attribu\u00e9es\n\u00e0 des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. Elles se sont\nmajoritairement produites dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti\n(46%), suivi par Gao (27%).\n\n\n- Les vols/extorsions/pillages sont le type de violation le\nplus fr\u00e9quent. Ils ont doubl\u00e9 au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2021,\npar rapport au premier trimestre. Les axes routiers sont\nun lieu tr\u00e8s dangereux pour la population civile, o\u00f9 40%\nde ces violations se produisent. Les individus touch\u00e9s\nsont souvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables: 17% des victimes\nsont \u2018sans activit\u00e9\u2019 et se trouvent donc particuli\u00e8rement\nimpact\u00e9es par ces vols/extorsions/pillages.\n\n\n**10** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\net/ou d\u00e9tention arbitraire\n\n\n- Un total de 91 alertes rapportant 140 incidents graves\ncomme des attaques de village, de larges mouvements\nde population et des attaques d\u2019infrastructures\npubliques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9es depuis janvier 2021. Cela\ninclut notamment 10 attaques, destruction d\u2019\u00e9coles et\nmenaces prof\u00e9r\u00e9es contre des enseignants par des\nGANE qui demandent la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e9tatiques.\n\n\n- Parall\u00e8lement, le Mali a aussi vu une augmentation\ndes violations li\u00e9es aux activit\u00e9s criminelles qui ne\nsont pas directement li\u00e9es aux conflits inter et intracommunautaires mais favoris\u00e9es par l\u2019absence des\nstructures \u00e9tatiques. Il s\u2019agit particuli\u00e8rement des\ncentres urbains de Gao et Mopti et des sites d\u2019orpaillage\n(souvent contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des GANE) qui ont vu une\naugmentation de la criminalit\u00e9, posant davantage de\nrisques de protection pour la population civile, inclus\nles enfants.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9**\n\n\n\n\n - Au 30 avril 2021, la matrice de suivi des d\u00e9placement\n(DTM), comptabilise 372 266 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, ce\nqui constitue une augmentation de 12% par rapport\nau mois de d\u00e9cembre 2020. Cette population est\ncompos\u00e9e de 20% de femmes, 15% d\u2019hommes, 34% de\nfilles, 29% de gar\u00e7ons et 2% de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.\n\n\n - La persistance de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions\ntouch\u00e9es par des incidents de protection amplifie les\nd\u00e9placements de populations ; les r\u00e9gions de Mopti,\nGao et Tombouctou comprennent le plus grand nombre\nde personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes. Ces trois r\u00e9gions\n\u00e9tant \u00e9galement celles o\u00f9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es le plus\ngrand nombre de violations durant le premier semestre\n2021.\n\n\n - 99% des PDIs interrog\u00e9s sur 129 sites [7] d\u00e9clarent,\ncomme cause principale de leur d\u00e9placement, les\ntensions intercommunautaires et les conflits arm\u00e9s.\nSur 58 mouvements de population recens\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nle m\u00e9canisme d\u2019alertes flash du Cluster Protection en\n2021, neuf mouvements \u00e9taient d\u00e9clench\u00e9s par une\nattaque de village, et 49 mouvements \u00e9taient pr\u00e9ventifs\n(dont 21 d\u00e9clench\u00e9s par des menaces d\u2019attaque de\nvillage et 28 \u00e0 cause d\u2019une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et la\npr\u00e9sence d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s).\n\n\n - Les d\u00e9placements pr\u00e9ventifs sont \u00e9galement\nd\u00e9clench\u00e9s par peur des repr\u00e9sailles suite aux incidents\n\n\n7 DNDS, OIM. Rapport DTM. Avril 2021\n\n\n\ns\u00e9curitaires qui touchent les FDS ou la MINUSMA. On\npeut citer ainsi les d\u00e9placements de grande envergure\nd\u00e9clench\u00e9s par l\u2019attaque par des groupes radicaux de\nla base d\u2019op\u00e9ration temporaire de la MINUSMA pr\u00e8s de\nKerena, en r\u00e9gion de Mopti, au mois de f\u00e9vrier 2021 ou\nencore celle du camp de la MINUSMA \u00e0 Aguelhok, dans\nla r\u00e9gion de Kidal en avril 2021.\n\n\n- Sur 129 sites \u00e9valu\u00e9s, 66% des PDIs vivent dans des\nfamilles d\u2019accueil. Ce soutien communautaire est\nessentiel mais risque - sans assistance ad\u00e9quate - de\nrendre la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te plus vuln\u00e9rables en raison\nde l\u2019\u00e9puisement de ressources d\u00e9j\u00e0 rares, de cr\u00e9er des\nprobl\u00e8mes de coh\u00e9sion sociale et de renforcer les\nstrat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives des PDIs et familles\nh\u00f4tes, tels que le travail des enfants ou l\u2019exploitation\nsexuelle des femmes et des filles.\n\n\n- Six mouvements transfrontaliers ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s\ndurant le premier semestre 2021. Ces mouvements\n\u00e9taient dus \u00e0 la situation s\u00e9curitaire, notamment la\nrecrudescence des op\u00e9rations militaires dans la r\u00e9gion\ndes trois fronti\u00e8res, des affrontements entre groupes\narm\u00e9s, ou des menaces par des GANE ou personnes\narm\u00e9es non identifi\u00e9s. Cette instabilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire a\nainsi pouss\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages en provenance du Burkina\nFaso et du Niger, \u00e0 chercher refuge au Mali en r\u00e9gion de\nGao et de M\u00e9naka.\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection de l\u2019enfance**\n\n**Recrutement, utilisation et enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants**\n\n\n\nEnfants pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nassoci\u00e9s aux forces et\n\n\n\nEnfants non\naccompagn\u00e9s/s\u00e9par\u00e9s\n\n\n\n**2012** **2013** **2014** **2015** **2016**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1200**\n\n\n**1000**\n\n\n**800**\n\n\n**600**\n\n\n**400**\n\n\n**200**\n\n\n**0**\n\n\n\n\n\nMeurtres et mutilation 18%\nRecrutement et utilisation 45%\nViols et violences sexuelles 3%\nEnl\u00e8vements 8%\n\nD\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire 20%\n\n\n\n\n\nEcoles non fonctionnelles\n\n\n\n\n\n**2017** **2018** **2019** **2020**\n\n\n\n\n- Le nombre de violations graves v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des\nenfants a continu\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.\nEn 2020, 1 013 incidents impliquant des enfants ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s, une augmentation de 36% par rapport \u00e0\n2019. Cela est li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des attaques contre\nles villages, \u00e0 la prolif\u00e9ration des groupes arm\u00e9s et\nl\u2019intensification des op\u00e9rations militaires.\n\n- Le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants est la violation\ngrave la plus fr\u00e9quemment v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e. 70 enfants pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nassoci\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s (EAFGA) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nidentifi\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin 2021, mettant le total des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s EAFGA au Mali \u00e0 232 pris en charge ou ayant\nre\u00e7u une assistance. Les enfants continuent d\u2019\u00eatre\nrecrut\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 diverses t\u00e2ches y compris comme\ncombattants, indicateurs, cuisiniers, ou mari\u00e9s de force\n\u00e0 des combattants des groupes arm\u00e9s. Les EAFGA sont\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 un d\u00e9ni de leur droit \u00e0 la protection, de\nm\u00eame que leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et une entrave \u00e0 leur\nopportunit\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement physique et affectif.\n\n- Entre janvier et juin 2021, 39 enfants dont 5 filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Cette tendance inqui\u00e9tante semble\ns\u2019inscrire dans une dynamique plus large d\u2019enl\u00e8vements\net disparitions forc\u00e9es des populations civiles rapport\u00e9\ndepuis 2020, dont les causes sont principalement li\u00e9es\naux conflits arm\u00e9s et violences intercommunautaires.\n\n\n**12** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\nViolations graves des droits des enfants en situation de conflit arm\u00e9\n\n\n- Avec un total de 1 595 \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es \u00e0 la fin mai 2021,\non estime que pr\u00e8s de 480 000 enfants sont priv\u00e9s\nd\u2019un environnement protecteur et expos\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque\naccru de violence, d\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus, y compris le\nrecrutement par les groupes arm\u00e9s. Le nombre d\u2019\u00e9coles\nferm\u00e9es augmente chaque mois depuis le d\u00e9but 2021\n\u00e0 cause des conflits et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, ce qui continue \u00e0\nexacerber les risques de protection des enfants.\n\n- Les sites d\u2019orpaillage artisanal au Nord du Mali sont\nmajoritairement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des GANE et constituent\nun lieu avec des risques de protection majeurs pour les\nenfants, notamment les pires formes de travail, la s\u00e9paration\nfamiliale, le risque d\u2019enr\u00f4lement, la VBG et la traite et le trafic\nd\u2019enfants. Dans huit sites d\u2019orpaillages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s, environ\n8 000 enfants sont estim\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents, une grande partie\nnon accompagn\u00e9e ou s\u00e9par\u00e9e. On estime que les enfants\nnon-scolaris\u00e9s sont plus enclins \u00e0 y travailler dans les\nsites d\u2019orpaillages artisanal et par cons\u00e9quence, sont plus\nvuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l\u2019abus et exploitation sur ces sites.\n\n- L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les conflits et la Covid-19 continuent d\u2019entraver\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s des moniteurs MRM dans les zones recul\u00e9es affect\u00e9es\npar les conflits pour la surveillance et la documentation des\nviolations graves. De m\u00eame, ces restrictions ont impact\u00e9 la\ncapacit\u00e9 des partenaires \u00e0 fournir des services et adresser\nles besoins de protection des enfants.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\nViols et agressions physiques contre les femmes et filles\n\n\nType de violences\n\n\n\n**Cas de VBG**\n\n**rapport\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n**Mariages**\n**pr\u00e9coces**\n\n\n###### **9% 27% 26% 8% 13% 17%**\n\n\n\n**Viols** **Agressions**\n\n**physiques**\n\n\nServices\nPsychosociaux\n\n\nSant\u00e9 /\nM\u00e9dicaux\n\n\nLieu s\u00fbr /\nRefuge\n\n\nAssistance\nJuridique\n\n\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 /\nProtection\n\n\nR\u00e9insertion\nsocio\u00e9conomique/\n\nScolaire\n\n\n\n**Violences**\n**psychologiques**\n\n\n\n**D\u00e9ni de**\n**ressources**\n\n\n\n**Agressions**\n\n**sexuelles**\n\n\n\nDisponibilit\u00e9 de kits post viol\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Sur les 3 744 incidents de VBG rapport\u00e9s par les acteurs\ndu GBVIMS depuis janvier 2021, les violences sexuelles\n(viol, agression sexuelle) demeurent les incidents les\nplus rapport\u00e9s, soit 44% des cas.\n\n\n- La hausse continue des cas de VBG s\u2019explique\npar la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l\u2019environnement protecteur\ndes femmes et des filles. Ceci se caract\u00e9rise par\ndes viols r\u00e9currents lors de la collecte d\u2019eau ou les\nd\u00e9placements pour la recherche du combustible\nautour de sites de PDIs, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des personnes\narm\u00e9es non identifi\u00e9s sur les femmes et les filles. Une\nrecrudescence des violences sexuelles ciblant les\nfemmes et filles a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e sur les axes\nroutiers, lors de braquages tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quents les jours des\nfoires hebdomadaires et commis par des personnes\narm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s.\n\n\n- La forte pr\u00e9valence des mariages pr\u00e9coces est\nfavoris\u00e9e par la fermeture des \u00e9coles due \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et aux menaces par des groupes arm\u00e9s\nnon-\u00e9tatiques. Cet exemple d\u00e9montre que la VBG est un\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui s\u2019accentue dans les situations de crises\n\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s aux services\n\n\nhumanitaires lorsque les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s entre les sexes, la\nmarginalisation et l\u2019exclusion sociale s\u2019accroissent.\n\n\n- L\u2019exposition aux risques d\u2019Exploitation et d\u2019Abus\nSexuels (EAS) est \u00e9galement aggrav\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9\noccasionn\u00e9e par les cons\u00e9quences socio-\u00e9conomiques\nde la Covid-19 dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9valence de risques de VBG, les services\naux survivants restent extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9s,\nnotamment en termes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9, \u00e0\nun abri s\u00fbr et au traitement apr\u00e8s un viol. Les services\nholistiques de VBG ne sont disponibles que dans 48%\ndes r\u00e9gions touch\u00e9es par la crise. 30 % des survivants\nn\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 et 57% ne peuvent\npas acc\u00e9der aux refuges. 78% n\u2019ont pas pu recevoir les\nservices juridiques.\n\n\n- La VBG continue d\u2019\u00eatre sous-rapport\u00e9e en raison de\nla stigmatisation, la peur de repr\u00e9sailles et le climat\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019impunit\u00e9 qui r\u00e8gnent dans les r\u00e9gions du nord\net du centre affect\u00e9es par les conflits.\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021 **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Lutte antimines humanitaire**\n\nMenace explosive sur les axes routiers et restriction de la libert\u00e9 de circulation\n\n\n\nRestes explosifs de guerre\n\n(REG) d\u00e9truits\n\n\n\nPersonnes victimes civiles\n\nd\u2019engins explosifs (2021)\n\n\n\nSites couverts par les Enqu\u00eates\n\nNon-Techniques (ENT)\n\n\n\n\n- La menace explosive a des cons\u00e9quences graves\npour la population civile. Elle impacte la libert\u00e9 de\nmouvement, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance des\npopulations locales, leur acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de\nbase ainsi que des services humanitaires. Au deuxi\u00e8me\ntrimestre 2021, les r\u00e9gions du nord \u2013 Tombouctou,\nGao et Kidal ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9es, avec 59 % des\nincidents recens\u00e9s. Au centre, notamment \u00e0 Mopti et\nS\u00e9gou, 41%, des incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Entre avril et juin 2021, 48 incidents d\u2019engins explosifs\nont fait un total de 123 victimes, dont 58 civils, y\ncompris 10 enfants. En tout, ce deuxi\u00e8me trimestre, les\ncivils repr\u00e9sentent 47% de la totalit\u00e9 des victimes des\nengins explosifs (EEI/mines), une hausse par rapport\nau dernier trimestre, o\u00f9 12% des victimes \u00e9taient des\ncivils.\n\n\n- Les risques sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur les axes routiers o\u00f9 - en\nutilisant des transports en commun - des incidents EEI/\n\n\n**14** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n\nmines touchent souvent un grand nombre des victimes\nciviles. Le 19 mai 2021, un incident EEI/mine a caus\u00e9 22\nvictimes, dont 16 morts quand un v\u00e9hicule civil a touch\u00e9\nun EEI ou une mine dans la commune de Tidjalalene,\ndans la r\u00e9gion de Gao. Ces incidents impactent donc\nprincipalement les usagers de la route, les forains et\nles nomades.\n\n\n- Les enfants sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 risque d\u2019\u00eatre\ntouch\u00e9s par des restes explosifs de guerre (REG),\nd\u00fb \u00e0 leur curiosit\u00e9 ou encore la collecte de restes de\nm\u00e9taux. Depuis janvier 2021, huit des neuf victimes de\nREG recens\u00e9es sont des enfants.\n\n\n- Lors des sensibilisations sur la menace explosive, les\ncommunaut\u00e9s renforcent leur connaissance sur les\nrisques et comment orienter leur comportement face\n\u00e0 la menace explosive. Etant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important de\nla pr\u00e9vention, les sensibilisations men\u00e9es augmentent\nles capacit\u00e9s d\u2019auto-protection de la population civile.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Logement, terres, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et ressources naturelles**\n\nAtteintes au droit a la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et ciblage des biens essentiels \u00e0 la survie des civils\n\n\n##### **1398**\n\nAtteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9:\n\npillage, incendie, extorsion,\n\ntaxation ill\u00e9gale (2021)\n\n\n##### **56%**\n\nDes enfants dans le nord du pays\n(Gao, Tombouctou, M\u00e9naka) n\u2019ont\n\npas d\u2019actes de naissance (source\n\nNRC/ICLA 2017)\n\n\n##### **37%**\n\nDes rapatri\u00e9s sont\n\ndes enfants\n\n\n\n\n- Les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sont la cat\u00e9gorie\ndes violations la plus document\u00e9e par le syst\u00e8me de\nmonitoring de protection (39%). Elles sont en constante\naugmentation depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, avec une\naugmentation importante au cours des 3 derniers\nmois. La population civile de Mopti (37%), Gao (25%) et\nTombouctou (25%) est la plus touch\u00e9e par des atteintes\nau droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n\n- Les biens essentiels \u00e0 la survie des civils sont\nd\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment pris pour cible. L\u2019incendie des greniers et\ndes r\u00e9coltes, le pillage ou le massacre du b\u00e9tail, ainsi\nque l\u2019extorsion et la taxation ill\u00e9gale sont devenus\nmonnaie courante. Le nombre des personnes touch\u00e9es\npar des incendies volontaires \u2013 souvent commis lors\ndes attaques de villages \u2013 n\u2019a cess\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter au\ncours du premier semestre 2021.\n\n\n- Une nouvelle loi sur le foncier introduite en d\u00e9cembre\n2020 complique la s\u00e9curisation fonci\u00e8re des personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables, car elle \u00e9limine tous les titres provisoires et\nconsacre un titre unique de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Sous cet\ninstrument, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation ne sera pas garantie\ntant que l\u2019individu ne sera en possession de son titre\nfoncier. Cela repr\u00e9sente un risque pour les populations\n\n\n\n\n - surtout les personnes avec des ressources limit\u00e9es\n\n - qui peuvent \u00eatre expropri\u00e9es ou victimes d\u2019\u00e9victions\nforc\u00e9es. Dans un tel contexte, une recrudescence des\nconflits fonciers ne sera pas \u00e0 exclure. Ces risques de\nprotection augmentent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la population\net peuvent mettre en p\u00e9ril la coh\u00e9sion sociale au sein\ndes communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n - Au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, la Commission Mouvement\nde Population (CMP) a rapport\u00e9 que les enfants\nconstituent 47% des personnes rapatri\u00e9es [8] . Ces enfants\nrestent toujours confront\u00e9s au probl\u00e8me d\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux actes de naissance. Pour certains, il s\u2019agit de la\ntranscription de leurs actes de naissance \u00e9trangers\nqui n\u2019est encore effective, et pour d\u2019autres (n\u00e9s hors\ndu pays et n\u2019ayant aucun document) de la barri\u00e8re\njuridique au niveau du droit interne qui ne leur donne\naucune possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019engager une proc\u00e9dure sur place\npour obtenir leurs documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique. Ces\nenfants courent le risque de l\u2019apatridie. Etant donn\u00e9\nleur statut l\u00e9gal, ils sont non reconnus \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re\nde la l\u00e9gislation nationale, \u00e0 moins qu\u2019ils n\u2019engagent\nune proc\u00e9dure du pays o\u00f9 ils sont n\u00e9s afin d\u2019obtenir la\ndocumentation n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\n8 DNDS, OIM. Rapport DTM. Avril 2021\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021 **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **RECOMMANDATIONS** **GENERALES**\n\n**16** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AUX PARTIES AU CONFLIT**\n\n\n**Message 1:** Toutes les parties au conflit sont encourag\u00e9es\n\u00e0 poursuivre les op\u00e9rations militaires dans le respect\ndes droits humains et dans le but commun d\u2019assurer la\nprotection des civils. L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base pour\nla population doit \u00eatre garanti \u00e0 tout moment. Il est\ninterdit d\u2019attaquer, de d\u00e9truire, d\u2019enlever ou de mettre\nhors d\u2019usage des biens indispensables \u00e0 la survie de la\npopulation civile. L\u2019encerclement de village dans le but de\ncouper les voies d\u2019approvisionnement pour la population\ncivile et de bloquer l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire\nest une violation grave du droit international humanitaire.\nCes violations peuvent constituer des \u2018crimes de guerre\u2019.\nLes auteurs de ces crimes peuvent \u00eatre jug\u00e9s en dehors\ndu Mali en raison de la comp\u00e9tence universelle.\n\n\n**Message 2:** Toutes les parties au conflit sont appel\u00e9es\n\u00e0 respecter et prot\u00e9ger le personnel humanitaire tel que\nstipul\u00e9 dans le DIH coutumier.\n\n\n**Message 3:** L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux humanitaires pour fournir une\naide bas\u00e9e sur les principes d\u2019humanit\u00e9, de neutralit\u00e9,\nd\u2019impartialit\u00e9 et d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance doit \u00eatre facilit\u00e9 par\ntoutes les parties du conflit. Si l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire est\nentrav\u00e9 \u00e0 cause d\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires, la n\u00e9gociation\npour \u00e9tablir un corridor humanitaire doit \u00eatre prioris\u00e9e par\ntoutes les parties au conflit.\n\n\n**AUX ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES**\n\n\n**Message 1:** Les acteurs humanitaires sont encourag\u00e9s\nd\u2019assurer la transversalit\u00e9 et la centralit\u00e9 de la protection\nafin de garantir que les interventions humanitaires\nr\u00e9duisent les menaces auxquelles la population civile\nest confront\u00e9e, minimisent son exposition \u00e0 ces\nmenaces et augmentent sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 y faire face. Pour\nce faire, les acteurs humanitaires des autres secteurs\nsont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des projets multisectoriels\nint\u00e9grants la protection et \u00e0 renforcer les analyses et\nr\u00e9ponses intersectorielles Enfin, en plus de l\u2019assistance\ndirecte aux PDIs, les acteurs humanitaires sont invit\u00e9s\n\u00e0 renforcer l\u2019appui aux communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil pour\nall\u00e9ger la pression sur leurs ressources familiales et leurs\nservices sociaux de base.\n\n\n**Message 2:** Les acteurs humanitaires sont encourag\u00e9s\n\u00e0 renforcer et investir dans les m\u00e9canismes existants\npour pr\u00e9venir les risques (early warning systems) et dans\n\n\n\nles m\u00e9canismes communautaires pour la r\u00e9solution\npacifique des conflits. Les m\u00e9canismes communautaires\nont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le crucial pour r\u00e9duire les tensions et faciliter\nla libre circulation et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base des\npopulations dans des villages qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 encercl\u00e9s par\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s. Ils augmentent \u00e9galement la capacit\u00e9\nd\u2019auto-protection de la population.\n\n\n**Message 3:** Pour \u00eatre en mesure de r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins humanitaires de la population dans une situation\nd\u2019encerclement de village par des groupes arm\u00e9s, il est\nimportant que la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire suive une\napproche standardis\u00e9e bas\u00e9e sur une \u00e9valuation de la\ns\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la situation de protection.\n\n\n**Message 4:** La coordination civilo-militaire est invit\u00e9e \u00e0\nse pencher sur la question de la s\u00e9curisation des axes\nroutiers, particuli\u00e8rement pendant la journ\u00e9e, afin de\nr\u00e9duire les risques de VBG survenant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement sur\nles axes et prot\u00e9ger la population civile contre les engins\nexplosifs de nature improvis\u00e9es ainsi que les vols et\nextorsions.\n\n\n**AUX** **PARTENAIRES** **TECHNIQUES** **ET**\n**FINANCIERS**\n\n\n**Message 1:** Le secteur Protection est largement sousfinanc\u00e9 avec un trou financier de 94% \u00e0 fin juin 2021.\nDans le contexte de besoins de protection sans cesse\ncroissants, des ressources sont requises pour assurer\nune r\u00e9ponse de protection holistique pour la population\ntouch\u00e9e par le conflit, une prise en charge des victimes\nainsi que le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de protection\n\u00e0 base communautaire qui visent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\nde la population et augmenter leur r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 de\nnouveaux chocs.\n\n\n**Message 2:** Les financements pour de la programmation\nde protection, combinant des services statiques et\nholistiques de prise en charge, avec des modalit\u00e9s\nd\u2019assistance flexibles et mobiles, doivent \u00eatre prioris\u00e9s\npour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 de la situation de protection,\nau d\u00e9placement g\u00e9ographique de la crise ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nl\u2019absence ou l\u2019insuffisance de services statiques dans\nplusieurs localit\u00e9s. Une assistance de protection\nd\u2019urgence, notamment \u00e0 la suite des \u00e9valuations rapides\nde protection (ERP), doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre prioris\u00e9e par les\nbailleurs, de m\u00eame que le financement d\u2019une ou plusieurs\ndes activit\u00e9s du paquet d\u2019assistance de protection en\nsituation d\u2019urgence, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par le Cluster Protection.\n\n\nMali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021 **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE**\n\nCluster Protection. Rapports mensuels du monitoring de protection. Janvier \u00e0 juin 2021.\n\n\nCluster Protection. Dashboard interactif du monitoring de protection: Microsoft Power BI\n\n\nCluster Protection. Cartes mensuelles de l\u2019indice de risque [9] . Janvier \u00e0 juin 2021.\n\n\nCluster Protection. Note d\u2019orientation sur la protection en situation d\u2019urgence. Mai 2021.\n\n\nCluster Protection. Briefng aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs de fonds. Mai 2021.\n\n\nDirection National du D\u00e9veloppent Social. Rapport DTM. Avril 2021.\n\n\nSous-Cluster Protection de l\u2019Enfant. Note de plaidoyer sur les enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants. Mai 2021.\n\n\nSous-Cluster Protection de l\u2019Enfant. Rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation rapide de protection des enfants sur les sites d\u2019orpaillage de\nN\u2019Tillit et Tinaikarane (r\u00e9gion Gao) et Kidal, Igouzar, Takalot, Tassik, Tinzaoutaene, Tessalit (r\u00e9gion Kidal)\n\n\nNations Unies. Report of the Secretary General on Children and Armed Confict. Mai 2021.\n\n\nNRC. Rapport de mission terrain NRC Mopti. R\u00e9alisations des activit\u00e9s et collaboration entre diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9partements\n(RRM, Protection, Shelter, Acc\u00e8s, HSS). Janvier 2021\n\n\nSolidarit\u00e9 International. Rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation multisectorielle Farabougou. Juin 2021\n\n\nOCHA. Situation \u00e0 Farabougou et localit\u00e9s environnantes. Note sur les le\u00e7ons apprises. F\u00e9vrier 2021\n\n\nOCHA. Suivi des financements humanitaires en 2021\n\n\nArts and Humanities Research Council. La protection humanitaire dans la r\u00e9gion du Liptako-Gourma M\u00e9canismes locaux\nde protection et r\u00e9ponse humanitaire. Enqu\u00eate de terrain r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion du Lipako-Gourma (Ao\u00fbt-septembre\n2020). Rapport fnal du 28 janvier 2021\n\n\n**9** La s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de protection mesur\u00e9e par l\u2019indice de risque est bas\u00e9e sur la perception de l\u2019environnement de protection, collect\u00e9e via des informateur cl\u00e9s dans 196\ncommunes sur une base mensuelle. L\u2019indice n\u2019est pas \u00e9tabli uniquement sur les incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s au cours du mois, mais se compose de 15 questions qui\nconsid\u00e8rent aussi les diff\u00e9rentes menaces pr\u00e9sentes, les services de protection disponibles, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et les capacit\u00e9s de la population civile \u00e0 s\u2019auto-prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0\npr\u00e9venir les risques de protection, dans chaque commune. L\u2019indice de risque de protection permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer le d\u00e9veloppement de la situation de protection au fil du temps\net d\u00e9gager des tendances g\u00e9ographiques de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de protection.\n\n\n**18** Mali Analyse de Protection | Juillet 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cluster Protection \u2013 Mali**\n\n\n**Pour plus d\u2019information, merci de consulter le site internet du Cluster Protection:**\n\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mali/protection\n\n\n**Cluster Protection Mali:** mlibacpm@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6be3cbcd-ac08-3370-b733-7edef65f5ac6/CP-Mali-Note-de-Protection-Juillet-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_285/raw/doc_285_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_285/raw/doc_285_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8889cdb2dd97fd399854a73ebebe8a490bccd1ef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_285/raw/doc_285_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|NIGERIA
CASE STUDY|2021\u20132022 / CONFLICT|\n|---|---|\n|**CRISIS**
**Boko Haram Crisis, Northeast**
KEYWORDS: Cooridnation an|**CRISIS**
**Boko Haram Crisis, Northeast**
KEYWORDS: Cooridnation an|\n|**PEOPLE DISPLACED**
**2,197,824 individuals** displaced J|**PEOPLE DISPLACED**
**2,197,824 individuals** displaced J|\n|**PEOPLE WITH**
**SHELTER NEEDS**
**2.95million people**(589,169 HHs|**PEOPLE WITH**
**SHELTER NEEDS**
**2.95million people**(589,169 HHs|\n|**PROJECT LOCATION**
Yola, Mubi, Gwoza, Pulka (Borno and Ad|**PROJECT LOCATION**
Yola, Mubi, Gwoza, Pulka (Borno and Ad|\n|**PEOPLE SUPPORTED**
**BY THE PROJECT**
**1500individuals** (3,000 HHs)|**PEOPLE SUPPORTED**
**BY THE PROJECT**
**1500individuals** (3,000 HHs)|\n|**PROJECT OUTPUTS**
**340 durable mud shelters**(165
25 Mubi, 75 Gwoza, 75 Pulka) |**300 N**
**kits**distributed |**60 sanitation faci**
constructed | **60** local labor constructio
**trainings** |**60** local labour**Cash-for**
**program**|**PROJECT OUTPUTS**
**340 durable mud shelters**(165
25 Mubi, 75 Gwoza, 75 Pulka) |**300 N**
**kits**distributed |**60 sanitation faci**
constructed | **60** local labor constructio
**trainings** |**60** local labour**Cash-for**
**program**|\n|**SHELTER SIZE**
**Type A: 21 m2**(3.4m x 6.4m)
**Type B:** **18 m2**(3m x 6m)|**SHELTER SIZE**
**Type A: 21 m2**(3.4m x 6.4m)
**Type B:** **18 m2**(3m x 6m)|\n|**SHELTER DENSITY**
**3.6 m2**per person|**SHELTER DENSITY**
**3.6 m2**per person|\n\n\n**DIRECT COST** **USD** **700**\n\n\n**PROJECT COST** **USD** **1,000**\n\n\n[*IOM Nigeria Displacement Report, Round 41, Baseline Assessment in Northeast Nigeria](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-displacement-report-41-june-2022)\n\n[**Humanitarian Response Plan, Nigeria, 2022 (February 2022)](https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/nigeria-humanitarian-response-plan-2022-february-2022)\n\n\n\nthrough cash-for-work programs.\n\n\n\nPROJECT\n\n\nCONTEXT\n\n\n\nPLANNING\n\n\n\nCONFLICT\nTIMELINE JUL JAN MAR APR MAY JUN JUL\n\n\n\nDEC\n\n\n\nJUL\n\n\n\nJUL JAN MAR APR MAY JUN JUL NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR OCT NOV\n\n2009 2021 2022\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n**2009:** Boko Haram uprising began in 2009, now in its 14th year.\n\n\n**Mar 2021:** Trainings of local technicians.\n\n\n**Mar 2021:** HLP arrangement with landowners.\n\n\n**Apr 2021:** Pilot FGDs with women.\n\n\n**Dec 2021, Oct 2022:** Construction of the mud shelters.\n\n\n**Dec 2021, Nov 2022:** Distribution of NFI items.\n\n\n\n_locations in Northeast Nigeria._\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 9** **[TH]** **EDITION** **37**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/924a764f-09a3-4a14-b474-4376e76c0411/CS45%20-%20Nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFRICA** A.9 / NIGERIA 2021-2022 / CONFLICT **CONFLICT**\n\n\n\n**CONTEXT**\n\n\nNigeria is a country located in West Africa with a population of over 200 million people. The weather and climate\nin the country vary depending on location, but generally, the country has a tropical climate with two distinct\nseasons: the wet season and the dry season. The northeast\nregion experiences a hot and dry climate, with temperatures reaching up to 40\u00b0C during the day. Nigeria is also\nhome to a diverse range of ethnic groups, with over 250\ndifferent languages spoken throughout the country. Most\nof the population is either Muslim or Christian, with a small\nminority practicing other traditional religions.\n\nThe northeast region of the country has been affected\nby a long-standing conflict, primarily due to insurgency\nby the Boko Haram armed group, which began in 2009.\nThe conflict led to the displacement of millions of people\nand has had since a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the region. Given this context, in\n2021 there was a significant need for shelter solutions for\ndisplaced households.\n\n\n**SITUATION BEFORE THE CRISIS**\n\n\nLike in most cases in Nigeria, the target population lived in\ncommunal settlements primarily made of mud shelters and\na small number of concrete buildings in rural communities.\nFamilies usually live in private spaces sometimes enclosed\nby light fencing made either of mud walls or grass mats,\nsometimes with no fencing at all. For individuals that had\nthe space and financial ability, more than one building was\nbuilt to better accommodate their large families. Roads\nwere wide and undeveloped with no clear provision for\ndrainage, causing considerable access challenges during the\nrainy season. There was a limited electricity supply, making\nhouseholds rely on kerosine lamps, flashlights, and on firewood for cooking fuel. For utilities, small cooking spaces\nwere primarily separate from the main homes and in some\ncases fitted into a small attachment to the house. WASH\nutilities were also placed separately as a standard cultural\npractice for better hygiene.\n\n\n\n**SITUATION DURING/AFTER THE CRISIS**\n\n\nDue to the conflict and violence, individuals were forced to\nflee, leaving their homes behind in damaged conditions and\nhaving to seek emergency/temporary shelter provisions\noften provided by humanitarian actors or by the government. As the conflict became protracted, shelters were\noften used beyond their expected lifespan \u2013 causing a need\nfor periodic repair or replacement and putting the affected\npopulation in recurrent vulnerable conditions. While having\nto deal with privacy, protection, and eviction issues, people\noften had to seek accommodation in host communities or\nplanned/spontaneous settlements, depending on the presence of humanitarian or government actors in the location.\n\nDisplaced communities had to supplement aid provisions\nwith local materials (often grass mats) to address their\nshelter needs as the assistance was limited and not always\nadequate. Unfortunately, sourcing those materials sometimes forced them to access unsafe territories, and have to\nbe again exposed to non-state actors such as Boko Haram.\nThe potentially fatal consequences highlighted the need\nto provide adequate and durable shelter solutions in safe\nlocations.\n\n\n**NATIONAL SHELTER STRATEGY**\n\n\nThe National Shelter Strategy/Response was developed in\ncoordination with various Clusters and sectors, and aimed\nto address the shelter needs of displaced persons across\nthe country, through different shelter solutions, including\ndurable solutions, to displaced persons.\n\nThe plan included the provision of land for resettlement,\nthe construction of affordable and sustainable housing,\nand the promotion of livelihood opportunities. The overall\nshelter response was coordinated within the SNFI cluster,\ntogether with other sectors to address the different\ncomponents of the shelter response, including planning,\nconstruction, and delivery.\n\n\n\n_A view of the site with the mud shelters. 340 shelters with two different sizes of 18 m2 and 21 m2 were constructed._\n\n\n**38** **SHELTER PROJECTS 9** **[TH]** **EDITION**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/924a764f-09a3-4a14-b474-4376e76c0411/CS45%20-%20Nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONFLICT** A.9 / NIGERIA 2021-2022 / CONFLICT **AFRICA**\n\n\n**PROJECT DESIGN/STRATEGY**\n\n\nThe main goal of the project was to provide a durable mud\nshelter solution in a planned settlement as an alternative to\nrecurrent emergency shelter options for displaced households in the northeast region of Nigeria. The project was\ndesigned based on local shelter typologies and construction methods and aimed to continue building upon the\nexperience of previous models built by other shelter\npartners in the region. The project also aimed to provide\nincreased security of tenure through long-term land-use\nagreements to targeted households who had informally\nresided in makeshift shelters on private lands.\n\n\n\nThe construction activities were implemented using a cashfor-work methodology to provide livelihood opportunities\nto members of local communities through the production\nof mud bricks and constructing shelters, as the intended\noutcomes of the project were to provide durable solutions\nto displaced persons and improve their living conditions\nwhile supporting their long-term resettlement.\n\nThe intervention filled critical gaps in the ongoing response\nby not only alleviating the suffering of the affected population but also by enhancing participants\u2019 dignity and protection from various vulnerabilities that arose from the lack\nof privacy due to a lack of shelter during the period of\ndisplacement.\n\nIn addition, capacity building to the affected population\non construction methodologies and habitability conditions prior to and during implementation was aimed to\nstrengthen the knowledge and skills of the affected people\nto maintain alternative options for their recovery.\n\nThe use of mud for the construction of the shelter walls\nwas also motivated by the aim to mitigate the environmental impact of the project, as temporary emergency\nsolutions required a high demand for wood and the use\nof other manufactured materials would have required\nprocurement and transportation, with a negative impact\nto the environment through the different processes for the\nproduction and the sea shipments.\n\n\n_The project ensured that women were actively involved in the decision-making_\n_process and were provided with equal opportunities for employment and_\n_participation in the project activities._\n\n\n\n**IMPLEMENTATION**\n\n\nThe project was implemented through a community-based\napproach, which involved community members in the\ndesign of the project, and further engaged the community\nthrough:\n\n - Consultations with IDPs to help ensure that the\nshelter design was culturally appropriate and relevant\nto the household needs.\n\n - Capacity-building activities provided to local communities on shelter construction methods and good\nmaintenance practices, as well as awareness sessions\non fire safety, environmental sanitation, and flood\nmitigation.\n\n - The construction of a prototype shelter for the confirmation of the design through focus group discussions.\n\n - The training of local workers, including IDPs and\nmembers of the nearby host community who were\nalso employed in the project through the local\ncontractor commissioned with the production of the\nmud bricks.\n\n\n**TARGETING**\n\n\nProject areas were selected through detailed site profiling\nwhich included the location and conditions of existing\nmakeshift shelters and household demographic structures.\nThe households targeted by the project were those who\nresided in informal makeshift shelters on private lands\nand were assessed as the most vulnerable. The project\nprovided two or more shelters to families with five or\nmore members.\n\n\n**DISASTER RISK REDUCTION**\n\n\nThe project had Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) components aimed at addressing hazards and threats faced by the\naffected population. The mud shelter solutions provided\nwere designed to be resilient to the harsh climatic conditions in the northeast region of Nigeria. The project also\nincluded training for the community on DRR measures\nsuch as environmental planning, flood mitigation measures,\nand fire safety.\n\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 9** **[TH]** **EDITION** **39**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/924a764f-09a3-4a14-b474-4376e76c0411/CS45%20-%20Nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFRICA** A.9 / NIGERIA 2021-2022 / CONFLICT **CONFLICT**\n\n\n\n**MAIN CHALLENGES**\n\n\nThe project faced significant challenges related to seasonality, market conditions, and currency fluctuations, which\nwere addressed through various measures such as reducing\ndelivery time, increasing communication with local authorities and communities, and adjusting the project budget and\ntimeline to account for the challenges.\n\nWhile mud shelters face challenges such as off-season mud\nbrick sourcing, the comparison with the cost of other\nshort-term solutions, and the difficulties of carrying out\nthe construction during the rainy season, they prove to be\nviable long-term solutions if done with adequate planning\nand management of the implementation process. However,\nthe provision of mud shelters was limited by issues related\nto the availability of land with secure tenure agreements,\nespecially in garrisoned areas where land is scarce due to\nincreased shelter needs caused by new arrivals and the\ndemands of private landowners. Addressing these challenges required ongoing collaboration with the Information,\nCounselling, and Legal Assistance (ICLA) team within the\norganization, relevant sector working groups, and the\ngovernment.\n\n\n**CROSSCUTTING ISSUES**\n\n\nThe project considered and addressed crosscutting issues\nsuch as security of tenure and environmental impact. One\nkey issue was gender, and the project ensured that women\nwere actively involved in the decision-making process and\nwere provided with equal opportunities for employment\nand participation in the project activities.\n\n\n**LINKS WITH RECOVERY**\n\n\nThe mud shelter project in northeast Nigeria aimed to\nlink relief and recovery phases by providing durable shelter\nsolutions that could integrate support to displaced households in the short-term through the livelihoods opportunities generated within the construction activities, in the\nlong-term with the land use agreement that ensured the\nsecurity of tenure, and throughout the phases with the\nprovision itself of a long-lasting shelter.\n\n\n\nMoreover, capacity-building activities were provided to the\naffected population on construction methodologies and\nhabitability measures before and during the implementation, which enhanced participant knowledge and skills in\nmaintaining alternative options for their recovery.\n\nThe project also had wider impacts, such as aligning with\nthe government\u2019s long-term policy on displaced persons\nand providing a model for scaling up a response to support\ndurable solutions for the IDOs. Unexpected or unintended\nconsequences were not documented.\n\n\n_Distribution of NFI items were carried out in two phases \u2013 in the month of_\n_December 2021, and November 2022. 300 NFI kits were distributed._\n\n\n_Focus Group Discussions with the women in the community, April 2021._\n\n\n\n_Coordination with the WASH sector for provision of latrine facility._ _A view of the mud shelters with the locally-made fence for protection._\n\n\n**40** **SHELTER PROJECTS 9** **[TH]** **EDITION**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/924a764f-09a3-4a14-b474-4376e76c0411/CS45%20-%20Nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONFLICT** A.9 / NIGERIA 2021-2022 / CONFLICT **AFRICA**\n\n\n**STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND LESSONS LEARNED**\n\n\n\n_**STRENGTHS**_\n\n\n\u221a **The development of a shelter design based on local**\n**typologies** and construction methods, and building\nupon the experience of previous models built by\nother shelter partners in the region.\n\n\u221a **The project maximized the use of land space by**\n**conducting detailed site profiling** to map the location and conditions of existing makeshift shelters and\ndesigning Shelter Clusters based on the size of households and the location of makeshift shelters. Families\nwith five members were given two or more shelters,\nwhich provided them with exclusive and demarcated\nfootprints for external space.\n\n\u221a **The mud shelters provided longer lasting and more**\n**durable solutions in comparison to temporary**\n**shelter construction.** This was a significant improvement, especially for displaced households who had\ninformally resided in makeshift shelters on private\nlands without long-term security of tenure.\n\n\u221a **The mud shelters provided improved privacy and**\n**protection from weather elements**, which helped\nto address critical gaps in the ongoing response. This\nnot only saved lives and alleviated the suffering of the\naffected population but also promoted their dignity\nand protection from various vulnerabilities that may\narise due to lack of privacy resulting from inadequate\nshelter.\n\n\u221a **The project provided livelihood opportunities** by\nemploying members of local communities through\nCfW programs for making mud bricks and constructing\nthe shelters, contributing to wider impacts.\n\n\n\n_**WEAKNESSES**_\n\n\nx **The project faced significant construction chal-**\n**lenges during the rainy season,** which impacted\ndelivery time and increased pressure on the project\nteam and artisans.\n\n\nx **The cost of constructing durable mud shelters was**\n**higher** compared to temporary shelter options, which\nposed a challenge in budget management.\n\n\nx **Negotiating access to private land for shelter**\n**construction** was a significant challenge that required\nmore time and resources than anticipated.\n\n\nx **Sourcing mud bricks during the rainy season**\n**presented an additional challenge** that could\nhave been mitigated through better planning and\npreparation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**FURTHER READING ON SHELTER PROJECTS**\n\n\n**On transitional shelters:** [A.24 / SRI LANKA 2017;](https://www.shelterprojects.org/shelterprojects2017-2018/SP17-18_A24-SriLanka-2017.pdf) [A.10 / JORDAN 2013;](https://www.shelterprojects.org/shelterprojects2013-2014/SP13-14_A10-Jordan-2013.pdf) [A.13 / INDONESIA 2018\u20132020](https://www.shelterprojects.org/shelterprojects8/ref/A13-indonesia180821.pdf)\n\n\n**On recovery:** [A.19 / NEPAL 2017\u20132018;](https://www.shelterprojects.org/shelterprojects2017-2018/SP17-18_A19-Nepal-2017-2018.pdf) [A.4 / NIGERIA 2017\u20132018; A.3 / KENYA 2018](https://www.shelterprojects.org/shelterprojects2017-2018/SP17-18_A04-Nigeria-2017-2018.pdf)\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 9** **[TH]** **EDITION** [www.shelterprojects.org](http://www.shelterprojects.org) **41**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/924a764f-09a3-4a14-b474-4376e76c0411/CS45%20-%20Nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_286/raw/doc_286_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_286/raw/doc_286_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a5b0fc6101323046b5c45dd129e75a2fe1436d96..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_286/raw/doc_286_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,315 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1. Communal onwership as category refers to facilities that host IDPs owned by the local governments at the hromada level.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b31c645-c45d-4aae-bd77-488147f14b1f/CSM_Comparative_Brief_071122.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Ukraine: Collective Site Monitoring (CSM)\n#### Comparative Analysis Brief: June\u2013September 2022\n\n\n\n**CCCM CLUSTER**\n\n\n### Site infrastructure and IDP living conditions\n\nIn June, half of the sites (51%) did report challenges in terms of infrastructure. This proportion\ndecreased to 46% in July and to 36% in September. For sites indicating infrastructure issues, WASH\ninfrastructure was the most prevalent, especially related to the drainage system and water supply,\nas shown in the chart 1.\n\n\n**Chart 1: Top infrastructure issues in sites** **[2]**\n\n\n**Lack of devices for elderly**\n\n\n**Lack of electricity**\n\n\n**Lack of heating**\n\n\n**Drainage system**\n\n\n**Water supply**\n\n\n**None**\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%\n\n\nAugust-September July June\n\n\nThis trend is accompanied by the increasing proportion of sites indicating the need to repair\nplumbing structures in buildings (chart 2) and WASH repairs as one of the top 5 priority needs\nreported (table 1). Besides WASH, KIs also informed that sites have prolonged issues with lack of\nheating and electricity over June to September, as presented in the chart 1.\n\n\n**Chart 2: Top need of repairing in sites** **[3]**\n\n\n**Repair of plumbing**\n\n\n**Windows**\n\n\n**Doors**\n\n\n**Current repairs (painting,tiling,etc.)**\n\n\n**No repairs**\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%\n\n\nAugust-September July June\n\n\nMoreover, on issues related to living conditions of IDPs (chart 3), sites consistently reported lack of\nprivacy in the sleeping area, followed by insufficient number of showers and toilets to the residents.\nIt is likely that this trend is connected with the difficulties or limitations of adapting the site facilities\nthat previously operated for different purposes, such as government buildings or schools.\n\n\n\n**Chart 3: Top living condition issues in sites** **[4]**\n\n\n**Lack of privacy in the sleeping**\n**area**\n\n\n**Insufficient number of showers**\n\n\n**Insufficient number of toilets**\n\n\n**Lack of playgrounds**\n\n\n**Non segregated toilets**\n\n\n**Non segregated showers**\n\n\n**Lack of accessible showers**\n\n\n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%\n\n\nAugust-September July June\n\n\nIn addition, the percentage of sites without bomb shelter remained stable (32% in June, 32% in July\nand, 33% in August-September). This condition was continuously reported in Zakarpatska (56%)\nand Poltavska (46%) oblasts in June and Ivano-Frankivska (58%), Kyivska (57%), and Poltavska (56%)\noblasts in September.\n### Movement intentions\n\n\nThe majority of the KIs reported that IDP households hosted in sites have stayed for one month or\nmore, from June (62%) to September (69%), which could indicate that the displaced population does\nnot have a solution for addressing their housing issues and would continue living in sites for the more\nlonger term period. In June, 38% of the KIs reported that none of their residents were planning to\nmove from the sites within two weeks. In Round 3 (August-September), this proportion increased to\n54% of the sites. From June to September, the proportion of KIs reporting on IDPs who plan to leave\nthe sites to return home has decreased, 58% in June and 43% in September. Also, the proportion of\nKIs reporting IDPs moving to rented apartments has increased (32% in June and 41% in September).\n\n\n\n2.,3.,4.,5 - Multiple responses were permitted in this question. The sum might exceed 100% and proportion refers to the frequency of responses given by all the KIs.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collective Site Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9790342450141907, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CSM", - "confidence": 0.9231920838356018, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM CLUSTER", - "confidence": 0.9520930051803589, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9922221302986145, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9386507272720337, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sites", - "confidence": 0.9190278649330139, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.5455271601676941, - "start": 635, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "sites", - "confidence": 0.5145933032035828, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6368681788444519, - "start": 681, - "end": 682 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.5305917859077454, - "start": 767, - "end": 768 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "frequency of responses", - "confidence": 0.5304673314094543, - "start": 760, - "end": 763 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b31c645-c45d-4aae-bd77-488147f14b1f/CSM_Comparative_Brief_071122.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Ukraine: Collective Site Monitoring (CSM)\n#### Comparative Analysis Brief: June\u2013September 2022\n\n\n\n**CCCM CLUSTER**\n\n\n### Protection concerns\n\nOver the three rounds, KIs reported a prevalent proportion of female elderly as the most numerous\nvulnerable group. Elderly and persons with disabilities in sites are likely to face additional protection\nconcerns due to infrastructure limitations, particularly due to a lack of disability-friendly devices\n(32% of sites assessed in Round 3, chart 1). The chart 4 presents the proportion of vulnerable\ngroups reported by KIs from June to September, which has not changed significantly over the\nthree rounds:\n\n\n**Chart 4: Vulnerable groups in sites (Jun-Sep 2022)** **[5]**\n\n\n**People with health issues**\n\n\n**Pregnant or lactating**\n\n\n**Female-headed household**\n\n\n**Female elderly people**\n\n\n**Male elderly people**\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\nAugust-September July June\n\n\nA high proportion of sites assessed from June to September reportedly did not have a referral\nsystem for supporting IDP residents in case of protection risks or concerns (28% in Round 1 and\n33% in Round 3). Furthermore, data show that over the three rounds, lack of reporting system\nfor gender-based violence (GBV) and trafficking remained between 30% and 40%,, as presented\nin the chart 5.\n\n\n**Chart 5: GBV and trafficking report system availability in sites**\n\n\n\nNo separated Separated Partially separated Do not know\n\n\nRegarding safety of the IDPs residents, most of the sites assessed (stable proportion over the\nthree rounds, 93% in Round 1, 95% in Round 2 and Round 3) were located in a safe area and far\nfrom military activities. Of those sites reported being located in unsafe areas, the majority were\nin Sumska (June), Kharkivska (July) and Mykolaivska (September) oblasts.\n\n\nThe proportion of sites reportedly lacking of first aid kits increased from 7% in June to 13%\nin September. This issue was most prevalent among sites in Zaporizka, Poltavska and Odeska\noblasts over the all three rounds.\n\n\n\nThis context may be worsened by the fact that almost half of the sites remained without\ntoilets and bathing facilities separated per gender (chart 6), a measure that could preventively\nmitigate GBV. The percentage of KIs reporting unavailability of separated toilets were between\n40% and 50%, whereas bathing facilities were between 60% and 70%. Additionally, a high\nproportion of KIs reported that sites were not visited by social protection workers (stable\nproportion over three rounds, 36% in June, 35% in July and 41% in September). In particular,\nthis was observed in sites of the Ivano-Frankivska, Zhytomyrska **[6]** and Zaporizka oblasts. Allied\nto these factors, the proportion of KIs that reported inaccessibility of psychosocial support\nservice for their residents remained stable (22% over the three rounds).\n\n\n**Chart 6: Availability of separated toilets and bathing facilities in sites** **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Toilets**\n\n\n**Bathing**\n**facilities**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Aug-Sep**\n\n\n**Jul**\n\n\n**Jun**\n\n\n**Aug-Sep**\n\n\n**Jul**\n\n\n**Jun**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Aug-Sep**\n\n\n**Jul**\n\n\n**Jun**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSystem not available Not sure System available\n\n\n5. The category \u201cpeople with health issues\u201d includes persons with disabilities.\n\n6. In Zhytomyrska oblast, the total number of sites interviewed, in each round, was lower than 50.\n\n7. The category \u201cpartially separated\u201d corresponds to sites with both types of toilets (gender separated and unisex).\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collective Site Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9841752648353577, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CSM", - "confidence": 0.9802563190460205, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM CLUSTER", - "confidence": 0.9445075392723083, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9894260168075562, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9448661804199219, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.7946131825447083, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5593628287315369, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b31c645-c45d-4aae-bd77-488147f14b1f/CSM_Comparative_Brief_071122.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Ukraine: Collective Site Monitoring (CSM)\n#### Comparative Analysis Brief: June\u2013September 2022\n\n\n\n**CCCM CLUSTER**\n\n\n### Site assistance\n\nOverall, with respect to the site needs and assistance received, data shows that some types of items\nseems well-aligned, while in others indicates the existence of gaps.\n\n\nFrom June to September, sites in Cherkaska, Odeska, and Zhytomyrska oblasts consistently reported\nnot receiving humanitarian assistance in the last 7 days, prior to the data collection. Of those sites\nreporting assistance received, the vast majority was continuously receiving **food** (82% in Round 1,\n79% in Round 2, and 71% in Round 3), and **NFI items** (49% in Round 1, 45% in Round 2 and 44% in\nRound 3), as shown in the chart 7. Local authorities and volunteer organisations remained the most\nprevalent type of organisation providing these assistances over the three rounds.\n\n\n**Chart 7: Assistance received by sites** **[7]**\n\n\n**Food products**\n\n\n**Hygiene items**\n\n\n**Sleeping items**\n\n\n**Cooking items**\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80%\n\n\nAug-Sep Jul Jun\n\n\nRegarding food assistance, IDPs in most sites assessed in June reportedly received the support of\nNGOs (54%). At the same time, in September, this proportion has decreased to 26%, while 49% of KIs\ninformed that IDPs purchased their food. As for food availability, there has been a continuous need\nfor **cooking items and other kitchen support** indicated by KIs over the three rounds (table 1).\nDespite high needs for cooking items reported in June through to September, this type of assistance\nwas consistently less reported as having been received by collective sites. Hence, over the three\nrounds, data indicated that priority needs and humanitarian assistance provided were mismatched\nto some extent, as items received monthly did not reflected the urgent gaps pointed out by KIs.\n\n\n\n**Table 1: Top 10 priority needs reported by KIs** **[ 8]**\n\n\nFinally, sites reportedly stressed washing and drying machines as a priority need. Between July and\nSeptember the proportion of KIs indicating that **washing machines** were insufficient to residents\nincreased from 26% to 45%. Furthermore, most of sites (84% in Round 1, 82% in Round 2 and 80%\nin Round 3) reported lack of drying machines to the site residents. Drying machines will remain an\nurgent demand as the winter season begins.\n\n\nHence, though assistance provided with food and NFIs correspond to the priority needs of sites in\nUkraine, cooking items and washing and/or drying machines were consistently less received but\nmore reported as one of the top priority needs of the sites.\n\n### PARTNERS\n\n\n\n7, 8. Multiple responses were permitted in this question. The sum might exceed 100% and proportion refers to the frequency of responses given by all the KIs.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collective Site Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9772912859916687, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CSM", - "confidence": 0.9762632250785828, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM CLUSTER", - "confidence": 0.9802318811416626, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9083395004272461, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.961189329624176, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sites", - "confidence": 0.8804760575294495, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "chart 7", - "confidence": 0.5308496952056885, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM CLUSTER", - "confidence": 0.5135448575019836, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.510116457939148, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sites", - "confidence": 0.8528289198875427, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.9751278758049011, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "site residents", - "confidence": 0.8430214524269104, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b31c645-c45d-4aae-bd77-488147f14b1f/CSM_Comparative_Brief_071122.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_287/raw/doc_287_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_287/raw/doc_287_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fba24c54b5b3ac7e9897b1e2ac26e6f3874f753f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_287/raw/doc_287_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,517 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Community Engagement Survey Report\n###### September 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community Engagement Survey Report", - "confidence": 0.9982947707176208, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5937461853027344, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n_A staff from UNHCR's NGO partner organization, NMO, records feedback from a displaced woman at_\n_a non-food items distribution site in Aden.\u00a9 UNHCR/NMO, Amer Abdulkareem, July 2020_\n# Introduction\n\nCommunity engagement and two-way communication with affected populations are critical to\n\nunderstanding refugees and internally displaced persons' needs and how they want UNHCR and its\n\npartners to address them. It also allows UNHCR to inform displaced communities and individuals about\n\nhow to access services. It supports communities to strengthen pre-existing capacity and their own\n\nresilience to shock, such as conflict, natural disaster or epidemy, notably COVID-19. Listening and\n\ntalking to the communities it serves is inherent in UNHCR humanitarian response and an integral to\n\n[UNHCR community-based protection approach.](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5209f0b64.pdf) [1]\n\n\nIn Yemen, community engagement has been an essential part of UNHCR's response to the crisis.\n\nUNHCR and its partners engage and communicate with communities using both physical and virtual\n\nmodalities, including face to face meetings, posters, leaflets, hotlines, text messages, and social media.\n\nIt is essential for emergency responders to understand different groups and individuals' information\n\nneeds, their preferred channels, and trusted sources. Any engagement with communities must also\n\ntake into consideration socio-cultural norms and traditional practices that may impact specifics groups'\n\n - such as women, children, elderly persons, and persons with disabilities \u2013 access to information and\n\nopportunities to impart information to other members of the community or humanitarian partners.\n\n\nIn June 2020, UNHCR conducted a survey to assess the quality and impact of its engagement with\n\ncommunities and identify areas for improvement. This abstract presents the key findings of the study\n\nand recommendations to address the gaps identified and better support effective two-way\n\ncommunication between UNHCR and its partners and the communities they serve in Yemen.\n\n\n[1 https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5209f0b64.pdf](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fpdfid%2F5209f0b64.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Ckakuma%40unhcr.org%7C32f0528949054c5aa2a908d855e472fd%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637353786948870728&sdata=lUnLqHIoP0GSev5bI5%2BotaIKkOTL%2BHCYi67Jh95ejXY%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.859081506729126, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6375309228897095, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Amer Abdulkareem", - "confidence": 0.9856315851211548, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aden", - "confidence": 0.9067803621292114, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8077767491340637, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8960581421852112, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9870234727859497, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.9905980229377747, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.746607780456543, - "start": 279, - "end": 280 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n## Methodology\n\n##### Who we spoke to?\n\nUNHCR interviewed over 3,000 displaced Yemenis, refugees, asylum seekers, and host community\n\nmembers across the country.\n\n\n\n\n###### 30%\n\n\n\nDisplaced Yemenis and host communities\n\n\n\n\n##### 27%\n\nof refugees and asylum\n\nseekers respondents\n\nwere men and boys\n\n\n##### 42%\n\nof IDPs respondents\n\nwere women and\n\ngirls\n\n\n##### 58%\n\nof IDPs respondents\n\nwere men and boys\n\n\n##### 73%\n\nof refugees and asylum\n\nseekers respondents\nwere women and girls\n\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9907365441322327, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7410892248153687, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9952869415283203, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9134957790374756, - "start": 117, - "end": 118 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### What did we ask?\n\n## Key findings\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\nThe survey was designed to help to\n\ncapture the understanding that\n\ndisplaced people and their host\n\ncommunities have of the services\n\noffered by UNHCR and its partners.\n\nIt also aimed to understand how\n\ndisplaced communities\n\ncommunicate with UNHCR and its\n\npartners, in particular their use of\n\ncomplaints and feedback\n\nmechanisms and their main\n\nchallenges that may prevent them\n\nfrom using such mechanisms in\n\norder to identify how UNHCR could\n\nadapt its two-way communication.\n\nThe survey also included questions\n\nrelated to the knowledge amongst\n\ndisplaced persons of COVID-19\n\npreventive measures and the main\n\nbarriers in implementing them.\n\n\n\n\n - **Displaced Yemenis, refugees, asylum seekers, and host communities' families do not always**\n\n**know the full range of services offered by UNHCR and partners.** They are generally well informed\n\nmainly of UNHCR cash support, a lifeline for most of them.\n\n\n`o` Refugees and asylum seekers interviewed in the north of Yemen are well-aware of the\n\npsychosocial support offered by UNHCR and partners, including as psychological first aid in the\n\nfield.\n\n\n`o` Displaced Yemenis are aware of non-food items assistance, given UNHCR presence on the\n\nfrontline of the emergency response, when families lose their home and belongings due to conflict\n\nor flooding.\n\n\n`o` They are less aware of other available protection services, including psychosocial support, legal\n\nassistance, specialized services for SGBV survivors, and children, which may be explained by an\n\noverall lack of familiarity with such services that, even before displacement, were limited and socio\ncultural norms.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.982275128364563, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9095941185951233, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "north of Yemen", - "confidence": 0.7199361324310303, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n- **Refugees, asylum seekers, displaced Yemenis, and members of their host communities play a**\n\n**crucial role in supporting the information flow on UNHCR's assistance and services.**\n\n\n - **Displaced persons trust people they**\n\n\n\n**know:** more than half of refugees and\nasylum-seekers respondents in the north and\none-third displaced Yemenis and host\ncommunities interviewed countrywide rely on\ntheir **family, friends, and relatives** to access\ninformation;\n\n\n- **Informal** **communication** **remains** **the**\n**preferred way to receive information** : fortytwo per cent of displaced Yemenis and host\ncommunities interviewed countrywide, and 35\nper cent of refugees and asylum seekers\ninterviewed in the north rely on **'word of**\n**mouth';**\n\n\n- **Organised community structures help**\n\n**transmit information** : forty-four per cent of\nrefugees and asylum seekers interviewed in\nthe north of Yemen rely on **community**\n**leaders** while 25 per cent on refugee\nspecialised committees.\n\n\n- **UNHCR** primarily relies on local and\ncommunity-based organizations that are\noften well-rooted and respected in the\ncommunities they serve.\n\n\n\n**How do you obtain information in your community about**\n\n**Services provided by UNHCR?**\n\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9811105728149414, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7206090092658997, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7917075157165527, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.691287636756897, - "start": 145, - "end": 149 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n**UNHCR partners managing protection services, including at community centres, remain key**\n\n**intermediaries between UNHCR, refugees, asylum seekers, displaced Yemenis, and members**\n\n**of their host communities.** UNHCR partners lead activities at the community level, such as\n\nawareness-raising sessions, mass information campaigns, door-to-door visits, and monitoring in sites\n\nand at services points, such as community centres. These activities ensure that UNHCR partners are\n\nin direct and regular contact with communities affected by displacement.\n\n#### 35%of displaced Yemeni reported that they\n\nlearned about UNHCR activities through UNHCR\npartner staff.\n\n#### 27% of displaced Yemeni contact UNHCR and its\n\npartners using hotlines.\n\n#### 22% of refugees and asylum seekers in the north of Yemen contact\n\nUNHCR and its partners through complaints and feedback boxes.\n\n#### 69% of refugees in asylum seekers in the south of\n\nYemen prefer face to face meetings with service providers\nto raise their concern.\n\n#### 15% of refugees and asylum seekers in the north of Yemen\n\ncontact UNHCR and its partners through UNHCR staff.\n\n\n_Complaints and Feedback Mechanism in Yemen_\n\nUNHCR Yemen\u2019s Complaints and Feedback Mechanism is a system through which\n\nrefugees, asylum-seekers, displaced Yemenis and returnees can share their\n\nfeedback and complaints regarding their protection and assistance concerns. The\n\nexisting channels include hotlines, complaint and feedback boxes in Community\n\nCenters and UNHCR Offices and emails managed by UNHCR staff.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9883451461791992, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7248216867446899, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "north of Yemen", - "confidence": 0.5090038180351257, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n - **Strong communication initiatives to raise awareness about COVID-19, including by UNHCR,**\n\n**helped to increase awareness and adoption of preventive measures amongst displaced**\n\n**Yemeni, refugees, and asylum seekers.**\n\n#### 89% of displaced Yemeni and host communities, and 87% of refugee and asylum seeker respondents interviewed in the north\n\nof Yemen **know about COVID-19 preventive measures**\n\n#### 85% of displaced Yemeni and host communities and\n\nvast majority of refugees and asylum seekers in the north of Yemen\ninterviewed say that **they apply those measures.**\n\nHowever, some cannot apply them mainly due to **lack of access to**\n**clean water and hygiene, lack of access to PPEs, and**\n**financial means to purchase them.**\n\n\n_**Sources used to get information about the preventive measures for COVID-19**_\n\n\n**Refugees and Asylum seekers in the north** **Displaced Yemenis and host community members**\n\n\n - _\"others\" such as through radio, SMS messages etc._\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9847536087036133, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7908421158790588, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8273004293441772, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "north\n\nof Yemen", - "confidence": 0.9204803705215454, - "start": 74, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Yemeni and host communities", - "confidence": 0.5908154249191284, - "start": 93, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n\n\n\n_A staff from UNHCR NGO partner organization, NMO, leads an awareness-raising session with a group of_\n_displaced Yemeni women at a non-food items distribution site in Al Hudaydah governorate. \u00a9 UNHCR/NMO_\n_Amer Abdulkareem_\n\n\n - **According to refugees, asylum seekers, displaced Yemenis, and host community members,**\n\n**people with specific needs, including older people without family support, people with**\n\n**disabilities, children, single women face the most significant challenges in accessing**\n\n**information.**\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.622061550617218, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7319969534873962, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Al Hudaydah governorate", - "confidence": 0.961932897567749, - "start": 32, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8273512721061707, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n_**Vulnerable groups who have the most difficulty accessing information in your view**_\n\n\n\n**Refugees and asylum seekers in the north**\n\n\n\n**Displaced Yemeni and Host community members**\n\n\n\nThose groups may face difficulty accessing information, possibly due to mobility issues, access to service\npoints, and socio-cultural norms limiting their social interaction.\n\n\n - **The main barriers faced by refugees, asylum seekers, displaced Yemenis, and host community**\n\n**members in accessing information are the lack of phones, electricity, and lack of internet.**\n\n\n_**Main obstacles accessing to information**_\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9889567494392395, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8517285585403442, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9182706475257874, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "north", - "confidence": 0.6197154521942139, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9166597127914429, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6792659759521484, - "start": 24, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\nIn addition to common obstacles such as lack of phone, electricity and internet\n#### access, 40% of displaced Yemeni and host communities interviewed countrywide and 33 % of refugee and asylum seekers in the north of\n\nYemen say that lack of knowledge on how to contact UNHCR prevents them\nfrom accessing information.\n\n\n - **Both refugees and asylum seekers, as well as displaced Yemenis and their host**\n\n**communities, do not know enough about the existing complaints and feedback**\n\n**mechanism.**\n\n#### 76% of refugees and asylum seekers in the north of Yemen, most of the\n\nrefugees and asylum seekers in the south of Yemen and most of the displaced\nYemeni countrywide have **not used UNHCR feedback and complaints**\n**mechanism.**\n\n## Key recommendations\n\n\n - **UNHCR and its partners should continue to diversify modalities of communication with**\n\n**communities, mainly through community structures.**\n\n\n - With displaced Yemenis: strengthen face to face communication through UNHCR staff, partners,\n\ncommunity-based protection networks (CBPNs), and community centres, considering that displaced\nYemenis face various physical barriers accessing to information such as lack of phones, electricity,\nand illiteracy.\n\n\n - With refugees and asylum seekers: strengthen communication through the existing community\n\nstructure, including community leaders and specialized committees.\n\n\n - Leaflets adapted to the level of literacy of the targeted audience need to be made available in places\n\nsuch as community centres and distributed through community networks.\n\n\n - **UNHCR should multiply efforts to ensure that displaced people receive adequate information**\n\n**on how to contact UNHCR and its partners.**\n\n\n - UNHCR will increase its efforts to enhance complaints and feedback mechanisms in place, including\n\nhotlines, boxes inside the facilities, and dedicated e-mails in addition to receiving feedback at\ncommunity centres and through protection monitors. Locations of feedback and complaint boxes,\nas well as hotline numbers, will be further disseminated to displaced people.\n\n\n - UNHCR will review the existing complaints and feedback mechanism to ensure timely reply to\n\nfeedback and complaints received and ensure effectiveness in the procedure.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.5015845894813538, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5616900324821472, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "north of\n\nYemen", - "confidence": 0.7473533749580383, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Yemeni and host communities", - "confidence": 0.8317487835884094, - "start": 27, - "end": 32 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SURVEY REPORT\n\n\n - **Communication should be adapted to the specific needs of different ages, gender, and**\n\n**diversified groups as much as possible.**\n\n\n - For children: easy-to-understand communication tools need to be applied, such as simple posters\n\nand audio-visual (video, radio, etc.).\n\n\n - For women: effectively use the existing structure such as women group for refugees, ensure gender\n\nbalance in community-based protection networks as well as among protection staff particularly\nmonitors reaching out at the household level. Hold regular FGDs with women at community centres\nand other locations.\n\n\n - Attention should be given to older persons whose mobility may be restricted and may prefer face to\n\nface communication.\n\n\n - Mobility issues and specific needs of persons with disabilities should also be taken into consideration\n\nwith the support of specialized agencies.\n\n\n - Information campaign or messaging needs to remain available in multiple languages, particularly for\n\nrefugees and asylum seekers.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2020 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19080eda-831f-39b4-8c26-c68db9cf71b5/CWC%20survey%20report%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_288/raw/doc_288_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_288/raw/doc_288_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e83fada572a3df1247c5b8c5d2ff757cd64ef1cd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_288/raw/doc_288_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,258 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CAMEROON**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Update on Protection Risks Caused by Protracted Armed Conflicts, and Climatic Hazards\n\n#### **March 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nThe protection environment remained volatile, unstable and\nhostile to the enjoyment of fundamental human rights and\nfreedom due to the ongoing conflict affecting populations across\nFar North, Northwest and Southwest of Cameroon. The impact of\nconflict and violations to human rights and international\nhumanitarian law has remained unchanged over the course of the\nlast two years, with no substantial improvements in the\nprotection of civilians, safety and security, or access to services.\n\n\nIn the latest period, conditions have worsened. Human rights\nviolations persist, exacerbated by repeated attacks, abductions,\nunlawful arrests and arbitrary detentions, theft and the\ndeliberate destruction of personal property. Restrictions on\nfreedom of movement and frequent lockdowns disrupt daily life\nand severely impact socio-economic activities. Both private and\npublic property and infrastructure suffer significant damage,\nexacerbating issues such as educational disparities for children,\nwith many schools remaining unsafe and lacking basic facilities.\nClimate change impacts further exacerbate the effects on\npopulation, with severe weather events causing further\ndisplacement. The most vulnerable population, including\nchildren, face heightened risk of violence, abuse and exploitation.\n\n\nPopulations faced multiple displacements further exposing them\nto human rights violations, exploitation and abuse. In the Far\nNorth region, women and girls are disproportionately affected by\nharmful cultural practices and deep-rooted biases, leading to an\nalarming increase in gender-based violence (GBV), particularly domestic and intimate partner violence. Men and boys, on the\nother hand, are subjected to violations against the physical integrity, including unlawful arrests and arbitrary detentions,\nespecially in the Northwest and Southwest regions. [i]\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Gender-based violence**\n**2.** **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement**\n**3.** **Child and family separation**\n**4.** **Torture or cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment**\n**5.** **Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n - Initiate a dialogue on the responsibility of duty bearers and all parties to the conflict to uphold their obligations under\nInternational Human Rights Law (IHRL), International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and Refugee Law (RL), emphasizing the\nurgent need to stop grave violations, particularly those impacting the most vulnerable populations, especially\nchildren. [ii]\n\n - Advocate for the release and reintegration of children associated with armed groups and armed forces by all parties\nto the conflict and support their reintegration into their communities. Support the implementation of Protocols.\n\n - Advocate with central government to train state security forces on the responsibility to protect civilians and take\nmitigating measures for the protection of civilians and reduce civilian casualties.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\n**CIVILIAN CASUALTIES** **HUMAN RIGHTS**\n\n**IDPs**\n**(NWSW)** **VIOLATIONS (NWSW)**\n\n\n\n**PEOPLE IN NEED**\n\n\n# **1,371 1.036M 4,456 3.4M**\n\nCameroon continues to face the devastating effects of three ongoing and protracted humanitarian crises:\n\n\n - **The Lake Chad Basin (LCB) crisis in the Far North (FN) Region**, which began in 2013 due to insurgencies by the Islamic\nState West Africa Province (ISWAP) and Jama\u2019atu Ahlis Sunna Liddda\u2019awati wal-Jihad (JAS), now compounded by intercommunal clashes in neighboring Nigeria.\n\n - **The influx of refugees into the East (E) Region from the Central African Republic (CAR)** due to the ongoing conflict\nsince 2013.\n\n - **The Anglophone Crisis in the Northwest (NW) and Southwest (SW) Regions**, which escalated into a violent separatist\nmovement in 2017, pitting Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) against State Security Forces (SSFs).\n\n\nThe displacement caused by these conflicts has led to widespread family separations, a surge in the number of unaccompanied\nand separated children, child labor, and the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. In addition, sexual\nexploitation, child marriage and disruption to education have become significant concerns. In the Far North region, the criminal\nactivities of various armed and unidentified groups, combined with climatic hazards such as floods have resulted in loss of life,\ndestruction of properties, and degradation of natural resources. Climate changes also caused mudslides in the Southwest and\nCentre Regions with devastating impacts on populations. These challenges continue to foster an environment of insecurity,\nforcing affected populations, including Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees, and host communities into further\ndisplacement, heightening their vulnerability to protection risks.\n\n\nThe security situation in the North-West (NW) and South-West (SW) regions remains tense and unpredictable, leading to an\nunstable protection environment, marked by widespread human rights violations against civilians. Criminal activity has\nescalated with increasing reports of theft and abductions for ransom. The trend of lockdowns which persisted from previous\nyears, continues to disrupt the lives of the civilian population and their ability to access services such as health, education, and\nlivelihood opportunities. Non-compliance with these lockdowns often lead to swift reprisals from NSAGs, including summary\nexecutions and dismemberment. According to data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) 1,940 security\nevents resulted in 1,371 fatalities in the NWSW regions between January and December 2024, compared to 1,921 security\nevents and 1,450 fatalities during the same period in 2023. Sadly, Civilians continued to bear the brunt of the on-going conflict,\nsuffering several rights violations perpetrated by both NSAGs and state security forces. [iii]\n\n\nAccess to justice for victims of arbitrary arrests remains severely limited, primarily due to the small number of organizations\nproviding legal services, and people\u2019s reluctance to seek legal assistance. This is often driven by a lack of financial resources\nand limited knowledge of their right to access justice or the availability of such specialized services. [iv]\n\n\nMen and boys remain disproportionately affected by human rights violations, constituting nearly 75% of the victims. Protection\nactors have reported that engaging them in humanitarian activities is particularly challenging, which results in a lower\nlikelihood of them seeking protection assistance. In contrast, women are more likely to attend the sensitization and awarenessraising sessions, which increases their awareness of where to seek support when needed.\n\n\n**COLLAPSING PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS**\n\n\nThe protection environment in the NW&SW and Far North regions remained tense and unpredictable, characterized by an\nincrease in criminality, with incursions by non-State armed groups (NSAGs) into urban areas like downtown Bamenda, attacks\non State Security Forces (SSF) positions, threats to civilians, and an increase in the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs)\nby NSAGs. By the end of December 2024, 19,064 individual incidents were recorded across all three regions with the most\nviolations taking place in the Far North. The overall protection environment did not improve at the beginning of 2025 and was\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nworsened by the freeze on humanitarian funding. In the NW&SW, in the first Quarter 2025, (Q1), some 444 human rights\nviolations were recorded in January of which 293 took place in February alone. Abductions for ransom remained a key\nprotection risk with 103 victims during the same period. This presents a noticeable **increase of** **18% compared to the** same\nperiod in 2024. Illegal taxation continues unabated and is worsened by the splintering of NSAG and squabbling for leadership,\nfollowing the killing of some commanders by State Security Forces. In the rapidly changing dynamics, protection of civilians\nremain tenuous as civilians are often caught in between the warring parties. There are no clear indications that the security\nand protection of the environment will change drastically in 2025. In fact, this being an election year in Cameroon, slated for\nOctober, protection actors are concerned that many violations committed will go unreported. Protection programming in the\nNWSW is severely limited due to actors' ability to deploy staff to carry out protection monitoring to identify, and report on\nincidents.\n\n\nOver the course of the past few years, the crisis in the NW&SW region intensified with the killing of several NSAG leaders\nand/or the capture by the SSF, however, this did not de-escalate nor decrease the conflict, but rather created leadership\nvacuums and the splintering of NSAG factions, further complicating humanitarian and access negotiations. Another disturbing\ntrend witnessed over the past year was the significant spike in the use of IEDs, attacks on SSF positions and calls for lockdowns\nby NSAGS. This was presumably a tactic deployed by NSAG, either to pressure the government into releasing their captured\ncomrades, an to attack the credibility of the central government and thirdly to question the government commitment to\nresolving the anglophone crisis.\n\n\nOther protection risks assessed during the period under review was the negative impact the protracted crisis is having on the\nyouth and adolescent children. Drug abuse and addiction was found to be rife amongst young men between the ages of 18 to\n25. This age group remains highly vulnerable as they are not targeted for humanitarian assistance, many of them were found\nto be mostly out of school and face challenges accessing livelihood opportunities. This gap exposes these young demographics\nas soft targets for harassment by both SSF and NSAGs. The NSAGs continuously harass the youth with the intent to forcibly\nrecruit them as fighters. They are routinely suspected (often without proof) of carrying out criminal activities within\ncommunities, thus placing them in a very precarious position. Generally, protection monitoring reports showed that the\nvictims of human rights violations do not seek legal assistance or recourse committed against them by either party to the\nconflict. This is ostensibly due to the fear of reprisals and retaliation against family members. In addition, victims of human\nrights violations also decried the prohibitive cost of legal services, seen as being too high for indigents. It is a protection concern\nthat the area of legal aid and assistance is struggling because of too few actors working in this domain. There is overall\ndisillusionment in accessing legal aid and assistance is wanting for victims of violations [v]\n\n\nGiven all the above factors, the protracted crisis continues to take its toll on the mental health of the affected population,\nchildren remain the most affected, having to face the trauma of family separation and suffering acute mental health and\npsychosocial distress. Overall, critical services are inadequate to cover all the mental health and psychosocial needs, and\nMHPSS practitioners are struggling to manage huge caseload of civilians with psychosocial distress. [vi]\n\n\nThe unfavorable protection environment has enabled the persistent extortion and exploitation of civilian populations in the\nNW&SW regions. This has been witnessed by the high number of human rights abuses in Fako division in the SW, which is\nattributed to the strong military presence to counter the NSAG activities; Fako is also the division that has the highest\nconcentration humanitarian actors, which makes monitoring and reporting of violations much easier than in other divisions.\nIn the month of September 2024, there was a heavy buildup of military presence in the Southwest region because of\naccusations by political leaders of complacency on the part of state security forces, in comparison with military operations of\nSSF counterparts in the NW region. This led to many operations by the SSF and upsurge in confrontations in SW towards the\nend of the year. Access to justice for victims of arbitrary arrests is limited due to the absence of organizations providing legal\nservices, and the reluctance of civilian population to engage lawyers due to reasons already cited above. [vii]\n\n\nSimilar trends were also reported in the Far North region, where the situation deteriorated further due insecurity resulting in\n14,635 individual incidents affecting 7,269 men; 5,629 women, 930 girls and 627 boys) reported between January to December\n2024. In the 1 [st] quarter (Q1) of 2025, there was a sharp increase in human rights violations, with 1,367 incidents reported.\nCases of kidnapping for ransom perpetrated by the non-state armed groups, (NSAG) with reports of those kidnapped, forcible\nrecruitment continue. Boys and men remain particularly vulnerable as they are perceived to be financially able to pay ransom,\ngiven that they are petty traders and own animals, cattle, goats, sheep. These abductions are mostly carried out to raise\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nmoney to fund the criminal activities of the NSAGs. In addition, ongoing attacks and theft of livestock are other modus operandi\nemployed by the NSAG to get funds to carry on activities. The three departments of Mayo Tsanaga, Mayo Sava and Logorni et\nChari, remain the hotspots where civilians face arbitrary \u201csearch and cordon\u201d conducted by the mixed multinational and state\nforces. These searches often result in reports of cases of torture, physical and psychological trauma whilst in detention.\nCivilians face heightened protection risks under these conditions, which unfortunately adversely targets mostly young boys\nand adult men, (67% of the victims were men and boy), as they suffer multiple physical and threats to life and physical integrity,\nrestriction of movement etc. It was also observed in Q1 2025, that 67 children were victims of violations reported from the\nthree departments. This is probably because many children are further exposed to protection risks because of the destruction\nof traditional protection safety nets in these communities. The main protection risks in this region remain violations against\nproperty, which includes the willful destruction and theft of property at 56%; threats to life and physical integrity, 36%; and\ngender-based violence, GBV. Many of the displaced persons confirmed during various assessments, Focus Group Discussions,\n(FGD); Return Intention Surveys, (RIS) that they remain apprehensive and suffer psychological trauma from the on-going\ninsecurity. Additionally, incidents of extortion, the imposition of illegal tax, attacks on schools, gender-based violence, and\nfamily separation remain prevalent across all three regions. In the Far North region alone, more than 300 civilians were killed\nin 2024 from 1,959 attacks perpetrated by the NSAG. That is to say that at least 13% of these attacks are attributed to the\nNSAG. Similar protection trends have spilled over to the first three months of 2025 as shown by the sharp increase in violations\nreported so far. The situation seems to be deteriorating but protection monitoring activities, outreach and reporting was low\ndue to the suspension of activities by the main protection actors operating in the region. [viii]\n\n\nOver the past couple of years, civilian casualties rose with intensification of military operations by the State Security Forces\n(SSF) against the non-state armed groups (NSAGs). As already explained above, predatory acts were particularly frequent in\nthe Far North region, with property and crops stolen and livelihood destroyed by NSAGs to extract and appropriate resources\nfor themselves. Clashes over land and natural resources continue to escalate between and within communities, often along\nethnic and religious lines. Civilians, particularly fishermen working on Lake Chad, are often abducted, and released only after\nhefty ransoms are paid. In the department of Logone et Chari, protection monitors reported that traditional practices that\nhinder women\u2019s right to property are still widespread, further accentuated by continuing attacks by NSAG. The typology of the\nviolations registered in Q1 of 2025 remain the same to those reported in 2024: (i) violations against property, 753 incidents\n(55.1%); (ii) violation of the right to life and physical integrity, 482 victims (35.3%); (iii) gender-based violence, 84 victims,\n(6.1%,). Already vulnerable displaced populations in Mayo Sava faced other catastrophic calamities during Q1 of 2025 with\nfrequent fire outbreaks, some 4,000 individuals lost their shelters/NFI, household goods, food stocks in Mayo Sava and Mayo\nTsanaga. These wildfires resulted at least 3 civilian deaths, including two (2) children and one (1) woman lost in the\nconflagration. The Protection actors are working with the Shelter/NFI Sector and OCHA to see how best to put in place\nmitigation measures to contain these frequent fire outbreaks and to save lives. Initial assessments show that there are many\ncontributory factors for these frequent fires which must be addressed, such as overcrowding, lack of proper planning of IDP\nsites, children left with no supervision/negligence, poorly constructed shelters and no camp coordination and camp\nmanagement, CCCM result in these tragic events.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nThe lack of civil documentation remains one of the main protection concerns in the Far North. According to several protection\nassessments conducted by the Protection Sector, 65% of the population is without civil documentation. The lack of civil and\nlegal documentation is a long-term development issue that must be addressed by the government. The protection sector and\ncluster in the NW&SW is actively engaged with Gouvernement au Bureau National de l\u2019Etat Civil (BUNEC) is the government\noffice responsible for the issuance national identity cards. In all\nthree regions and at the national level, a civil documentation\nplatform exists to ensure proper coordination with government\nauthorities on the processes and issuance of civil documentation.\nThis is a problem throughout the country which exposes civilians,\nand not only the displaced persons to serious protection risks,\nmay result in limited/denial of access services, restriction on the\nfreedom of movement, arbitrary arrest and detention, loss of\nproperty, or inability to claim their right to property upon return.\n\nix\n\n\n**CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS**\n\n\nBetween June and October 2024, the Far North region was\nravaged by the most devastating floods in over 20 years which\nplaced approximately 448,164 persons affected. Of this number,\nsome 214,000 faced serious protection risks. in the 5\ndepartments of (Logone et Chari, Mayo-Danay, Diamare, MayoTsanaga and Mayo-Kani). More than 56,084 houses were\ndestroyed/damaged, 85,253 hectares of cultivable land flooded,\nand 5,5100 animals lost. The most affected sectors included\nshelter, food security, health, education. Some 263 schools were\ndestroyed. 38 deaths people, including 4 children who drowned\nbecause of the heavy rains in the town of Maroua [x] .\n\n\nThe unprecedented floods witnessed in 2024 exacerbated serious\nprotection risks or created new ones, resulting in the loss of live,\nextensive destruction of shelters, and heightened vulnerability\n\n_Map of flooded localities in the Far North region | source: Local authorities, CRC_\n\nassociated with multiple displacement scenarios. Many families\nwere separated, with destruction of household property, and the loss of civil documentation. Persons living with specific needs\nfaced a particularly harrowing period as the delivery of essential lifesaving services was disrupted. The persons living with\ndisabilities, the elderly, unaccompanied or separated minors/out of school children faced monumental challenges accessing\nhealth services, suffered from food shortages and spike in cases of malnutrition.\n\n\nThe populations\u2019 vulnerabilities also increased due to the challenging environmental conditions in all three regions and in other\nparts of the country with heavy rains, and subsequent flooding. Many roads were rendered inaccessible, thus hampering\naccess to and from their farms. As a result, farmers struggled to access markets and were unable to sell their produce, adding\nto the economic strain on an already struggling population. The widespread flooding and impassable roads made movements\nextremely difficult, further disrupting livelihoods and hindering efforts to build resilience for the hundreds of thousands\ndisplaced by the protracted crises. Women and children are disproportionately affected by climate change and severe weather\nevents, which disrupts their lives, as schools become inaccessible. In response to these drastic changes, families must adapt\ntheir routines to cope with challenges like food shortage, potable water and limited access to healthcare and education. [xi]\n\n\n**INTER-COMMUNAL CLASHES IN FAR NORTH**\n\n\nThe situation in the Far North region was characterized by inter-communal clashes, over land and natural resources use\nbetween and within communities, causing conflict along ethnic, professional, and religious lines. Insecurity has forced many\npeople to abandon their homes and possessions, with the security crisis in the Far North region having a devastating impact\non Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) ownership. A significant number of IDPs and returnees are rendered homeless, often\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nliving in displacement camps or in spontaneous settlements where living conditions are extremely precarious. IDPs face\nsignificant challenges in securing adequate shelter, especially in areas where security is not guaranteed. These sites are often\novercrowded and lack basic resources such as clean drinking water, sanitation, and healthcare services. Many displaced people\nalso remain at risk of forced eviction as they lack legally binding tenancy or lease agreement. As a result, they are at increased\nrisk of exploitation, abusive tenancy agreements, extortion, and the threat of secondary/multiple displacements [xii] . Access\nconstraints hampered protection actors\u2019 efforts to reach persons trapped behind the conflict zones, mostly in frontier between\nNigeria and Cameroon. This situation is likely to continue in 2025.\n\n\nIn the Far North, from June 2024 the region witnessed massive population movements, which peaked in July with new arrivals\nof some 2,803 Chadian nationals in the village of Mourla, commune of V\u00e9l\u00e9 and Kaikai, in the department of Mayo Danay. The\nmovement was triggered by an inter-community conflict between 02 tribes in Chad forcing the mass exodus into Cameroon.\nThese frequent population movements stretch the already overburdened systems and resources and may lead to hostility\nbetween the host community, new arrivals and refugees. The main protection risks relate to the appalling living conditions the\nnew arrivals found themselves in, and they were forced to occupy public schools in V\u00e9l\u00e9-Gu\u00e9m\u00e9 commune. This occupation of\nschools interferes with access to education and denies children access to facilities occupied by the Chadians and this could\nlead to friction and escalation of hostilities. In addition, there are concerns with the high number of unregistered refugees in\nBlangoua, in department of Logorni et Chari. Unfortunately, by the end of 2024, many of these refugees were still languishing\nin limbo with no long-term solutions found for them. The pendular movement of populations along the border with Chad and\nNigeria is a phenomenon that is likely to continue as populations seek safety, services and to build livelihoods. Social\ncommittees have been established in the Far North to support solutions such as local integration, returns and repatriation and\nthe protection sector in Far North is leading these efforts with government authorities and 11 other organizations [xiii] .\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n#### **RISK 1 Gender-based violence**\n\n\nGender Based violence remains widespread in Cameroon and the main human rights violation affecting women and girls. The\nbarriers to access services pauses significant threat to survivors. In 2024, 77 cases of feminicides were reported in Cameroon.\nThe situation is exacerbated in crisis affected zones.\n\n\nIn the Far North, the ongoing insecurity in the Lake Chad Basin continues to expose women and girls to increased risks of GBV,\nmaking their safety a significant and persistent concern. According to voices from Cameroon, The most reported forms of GBV\ninclude intimate partner violence (IPV) manifesting mostly as sexual, physical and emotional violence from current and former\npartners. Sexual violence manifested in various forms such as rape, sexual assaults and harassment. Child forced and early\nmarriage or union persists across the three conflict zones but more pervasive in the Far North region.\n\n\nIn Northwest and Southwest, IPV, emotional abuse, denial of resources/opportunities, and physical and sexual assault are\nprominent forms of GBV reported by women and girls \u2013 according to Voices. According to GBV IMSs the most reported\nincidents include IPV (41%) and sexual violence (31%). Many women and girls faced cultural barriers which effectively denied\nthem access to resources, services and opportunities such as limited access to money, education, limited independence and\nwomen\u2019s inability to access small scale trade. Many women also faced the trauma of emotional distress underscoring the need\nfor mental health and psychosocial support services. [xiv]\n\n\nTraditional discriminatory practices further exacerbate the situation, particularly regarding women\u2019s rights to property in the\nNW region. Widows, especially those without marriage certificates, are particularly vulnerable, often being left homeless with\ntheir children. These harmful practices are usually enforced by extended family members, community leaders, and traditional\nauthorities, reflecting deep-rooted power imbalances and unequal gender dynamics. The gaps remain severe and many\nwomen and girls at risk of gender-based violence were denied access to critical services. The GBV actors reported that by the\nDecember 2024, some 58.240 GBV survivors benefited from at least one form of GBV lifesaving services.\n\n\nDuring the course of the year, several ad-hoc lockdowns were imposed on the civilian population in the NWSW regions. At\nleast some 10 lockdowns were declared in the NW&SW around national holidays, Youth Day Celebrations, 11 February: 20\nMay National Day of Unity, school resumption in September and October 1 [st] to 5th. Many arrests are carried out during these\nperiods [xv] . In April, multiple lockdowns were declared, with civilians in Mezzam Division, NW region observing \u201cGhost Town\u201d\non every Thursday throughout the month. On May 16, different NSAGs called for lockdown to disrupt the celebration of the\n20 May National Day. While some groups called for lockdowns from May 19 - 20, others extended their calls from May 17 \u2013\n20. Civilians in the NWSW regions decided to observe all four days to ensure their personal safety and security. Concerns on\nretaliation against ordinary people who participated in the National Day celebrations were reported and many were targeted\nfor assault and abductions by NSAGs.\n\n\nThe protection environment continued to degenerate in August, when eight different NSAGs declared various lockdown\nperiods, aiming to draw the attention of the UN General Assembly scheduled in September 2024 while also disrupting school\nresumption in the NWSW regions. These lockdowns were declared for several periods: from 2 to 9 September 2024, from 9 to\n16 September 2024 and from 9 to 23 September 2024, with alternate school resumption dates announced by NSAG on 17\nSeptember, 24 September, 2 October 2024. Many children could therefore not attend schools, as parents could want to expose\ntheir children to harm.\n\n\nThe situation in the North-West and South-West regions remains unpredictable and volatile at the beginning of 2025. Already,\nreports have been received of increased confrontation, between the NSAG and government defense and security forces,\ncausing violence, human rights violations and widespread insecurity. Other aggravating factors fueling the conflict is the\nincreased militarization of security operations, extortion and impositions of illegal tax at illegal check points. These factors\nintensify insecurity and exacerbate the psychological trauma and triggers constant displacement of populations, with glaring\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nhumanitarian impact. Protection monitors report that displaced households confirm that conflict is the main cause of their\ndisplacement. There is a high concentration of IDPs being found in urban areas in the divisions of Mezam, Meme in the NW\nand Fako in the SW, the hotspots. Vulnerabilities are greater among displaced populations; especially children who face\nmultiple risks (exploitation, limited access to essential services, heightened risk to gender-based violence) which further\nundermine the protection of these child.\n\n\nIt is of concern to reiterate that similar trends have spilled over to 2025 with protection actors observing that across the\nNW&SW regions, civilians continue to face reprisals from both parties to the conflict, NSAGs and SSFs for failing to respect or\nadhere to the lockdowns. In Mezam division, in NW, NSAGs ambushed and killed three civilians (one male, two females) on a\nmotorbike for violating the lockdown. In Ndian division, the Government Defence and Security Forces, GDSF sealed several\nshops in Mundemba, accusing the traders of respecting NSAG-imposed lockdowns. Three businessmen were arrested for\nresisting the sealing of their shops. There are many such incidents reported in the monthly protection monitoring reports by\nall the key protection actors.\n\n#### **RISK 3 Child and Family separation**\n\n\nThe protracted situation in the three regions and the continuing population movements and displacement has had devastating\neffects on the children. Many children have been separated from their parents and families and are exposed to a myriad of\nprotection risks due to the volatile security situation which has disrupted traditional social protection mechanisms. The child\nprotection needs assessment carried out in 2024 revealed that family separation and unaccompanied and separated children\nare prevalent in all 3 regions of the Far North, Northwest and Southwest.\n\n\nThe assessment showed that in addition to family separation, children in the Far North are at risk of abduction, recruitment\nand use by NSAGs, forced marriage, sexual violence, and exploitation. The conflict has displaced many families, leaving children\nwithout access to education, healthcare, and other essential services. In was reported in November and December by the CP\nAoR that grave violations against children rose drastically to 50%, with reports of murder, mutilations, abduction and attacks\non schools.\n\n\nKey findings in the Northwest region include high prevalence of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC), widespread\nchild labor, and significant recruitment and use of children by non-state armed groups. In the Southwest boys and girls are\nadditionally exposed to environmental hazards, civil disobedience, sexual abuse and domestic violence, engagement in\ncriminal activities, workplace accidents, harsh corporal punishment, and violence from armed groups. [xvi]\n\n#### **RISK 4 Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings**\n\n\nArmed attacks and fear of insecurity to the search for social infrastructure such as schools and housing are direct causes of\npopulation movements, including pendular movements across both regions. Most of the infrastructure in rural areas \u2013 schools,\nhospitals, markets and homes have been deliberately destroyed by NSAGs (and reportedly SSFs), and the civilian population\nhas been forced to move to urban areas in search of these amenities. These movement causes population increases in urban\nareas, creating a strain on social infrastructure, and leading to strained relations in some areas. This sudden increase in\npopulation is driving up food prices and rent, for example the available housing is not sufficient to meet needs.\n\n\nNumerous reports of targeted attacks (fear of) were recorded in NW&SW regions between October and December, 2024, as\ncaptured by The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data, (ACLED) project, which reported a total of 455 (256 in NW and 190\nin SW) security incidents which resulted in civilian casualties, (105 in NW and 255 In SW). Population movements were\nreported with IDP displacements of 1,354 individuals, (274) HH in Boyo, Donga Mantung, Kumbo, Menchum and Mezam\ndivisions in the North-West region - while 107 individuals returned to Akwaya subdivision of Manyu Division form Obudu, Cross\nRivers State, Nigeria [xvii] . Historic conflict between farmers and herders and along the Cameroon-Nigeria border continue to play\nout, with frequent skirmishes over land in the first two months of 2025. On 3rd January, Fulani herdsmen from Nigeria attacked\na military base in Akwayi and in the ensuing violence, 10 civilians lost their lives and 560 households were displaced. These\nconfrontations will most likely continue in 2025.\n\n\nThe trend of insecurity fueling fear for civilian populations, spilled over to January and February 2025, with a marked increase\nin armed confrontation between NSAG and SSF. Many acts of criminality and terrorism continue to be reported in the NW&SW.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nDue to increased SSF activities in the rural areas, NSAG operatives have moved into urban locations in Mezam and Fako and\nincreased their attacks against the populations and SSF. It is of grave concern that IED are being used in attacks in areas with\nlarge populations. This re-emergence of IEDs remains a serious protection risk likely to cause more civilian casualties.\n\n\nIn the Far North, the situation also worsened in 2024 considerably, in the district of Guidiguis, department of Mayo-Kani, where\na significant increase in IEDs by non-state armed groups was reported. At least 10 IEDs were defused by the SDF and 5\ndetonated, resulting in the death of 5 civilians and injuring others 7. The resurgence of IEDs, poses grave risks to children and\ncontinues to claim civilian casualties in Far North.\n\n\nFrequent attacks on civilian population and sites continued as well throughout the year. In the hotspot department of Logon\net Chari, village of Tikar, in the district of Hile-Alifa, where a health center was looted and set on fire by armed fighters. Civilian\ncasualties rose with intensification of military operations by the State Security Forces (SSF) against the unidentified armed\ngroups NSAGs. Predatory acts were particularly frequent, with theft of property and crops, the abduction of minors for\nrecruitment by unidentified armed groups. In addition, livelihoods were destroyed by NSAGs groups seeking to secure\nprovisions for themselves. Clashes over land and natural resources use between and within communities, with conflict\nappearing along ethnic and religious lines. Civilians Fishermen plying their trade on Lake Chad were often abducted and only\nreleased from captivity after ransom was paid. [xviii] Repeated attacks in various villages in Mayo-Moskota department led to 9\nhuts burned down, 1 civilian casualty, 3 young girls kidnapped, and 6 civilians were wounded by armed bandits. On 25 [th]\nOctober, two children aged 12 and 15 were abducted by armed men in Djibirille in Mayo Tsanaga department [xix] .Protection\nmonitors report that these children were most likely targeted for trafficking and forceful recruitment by the armed groups.\nThe departments Mayo Sava, Mayo Tsanaga neighboring Nigeria remains insecure due to frequent attacks by the various\narmed groups affiliated to the ISWAP and JAS factions still active in Northeast Nigeria. Protection of civilians remains a priority\nfor protection sector and AoRs. The Sector updates the HCT on the protection trends, and centrality of protection is standing\nagenda item at the monthly meeting. Advocacies continue with local authorities and state security and defense forces. Much\nmore joint effort and political is urgently needed, now more than ever as we embark on the transition.\n\n\nThe same scenario of attacks and clashes frequently related to extortion and exploitation of the civilian populations across\nNW&SW regions persists. In one example, at the beginning of February 2024, a notorious NSAG leader reportedly attempted\nto extort money from some communities by requesting villages around Upper-bayang sub-division in Manyu division of the\nSW region. The NSAG leader demanded each community to pay him (ransom/illegal tax) 5,000,000 million FCFA before\n18/02/2024 or he would start executing civilians in villagers. These threats forced the population of Ayukaba, and other\nsurrounding villages in Upper Bayang sub-division in Manyu division to flee into the bushes/forest, spent the night hidden, too\nfearful to return to their homes. The populations later fled to Mamfe town and Widikum in the North-west. It was reported\nthat the NSAGs then retaliated by systematically burning down houses and other properties the vacated villages. For this\nreason, populations find it hard to settle down and build sustainable livelihoods as they are forced to flee constantly seeking\nsecurity and protection. There are no indications that the situation will improve for the better in 2025, it could worsen with\nthe suspension of humanitarian activities and protection monitoring where many actors will not be able to access hard to\nreach areas. The termination of funding for humanitarian assistance to the persons in need in the crisis affected regions, will\nhave long lasting catastrophic repercussions as other groups move in to fill the gap with the reduction in the humanitarian\nfootprint. Protection of civilians will be sacrificed at the altar of political and military gain.\n\n\nAs witnessed in previous years, attacks against education increased in the months leading up to the resumption of the new\nacademic year in September. In the last week of August, 2024, contending NSAG factions called for different lockdowns\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\nbetween the 2nd and 30th of September 2024 aimed at disrupting the resumption of schools in the NWSW regions. Across the\ntwo regions, teachers and school children were attacked and abducted by NSAGs in a bid to enforce the lockdowns. In one\nincident in Nkambe, both school children on their way to school and traders on their way to the market were accused by NSAGs\nof promoting government activities and had their personal items \u2013 money, phones and school items extorted by the NSAGs.\n\n\nIn the last quarter of 2024, reports of abductions for ransom and extortion rose, with NSAGs increasingly using these tactics\nto fund their activities, particularly in anticipation of the end of year festivities. However, the situation deteriorated further\nfrom mid-year. Seven incidents of arbitrary arrests and detentions, affecting 303 victims were recorded in July alone, as SSFs\nincreasingly carried out \u201ccordon and search\u201d operations in the regions to flush out NSAGs. The NSAGs also on the other hand,\nincreased illegal checkpoints which were used to extort money, confiscate property, abduction for ransom etc.\n\n\nIn the NW&SW, abductions are often motivated by suspicion of affiliation with SSFs. Civilians in these conflict zones are often\ncaught in between the warring factions and are accused of supporting one or the other party. In August 2024, 15 commercial\nmotorcycle riders were abducted by NSAGs from their homes in Mundemba, for allegedly collaborating with the State Security\nForces. In addition, the number of individuals abducted rose to 288 Q4 as compared to 135 in Q3 [xx] . Men and boys are\nparticularly targeted due to their ownership of cocoa farms and businesses, they are also perceived more likely to afford\nransom demands. This is particularly prevalent in Menchum and Manyu Divisions along the Cameroon \u2013 Nigeria border \u2013 which\nare the major trade route.\n\n\nIn addition to the foregoing, the State Security Forces (SSF) largely focused their \u201ccordon and search\u201d operations in the SW\nregion to deter NSAG attacks in this region. Numerous reports have emerged of civilians being unlawfully arrested and\narbitrarily detained during such operations. Many detainees have recounted experiences of torture and mental abuse during\ntheir detention. However, many of these cases are not reported or resolved due to widespread fears of reprisals from the\nparties to conflict and the risk of retaliation against their families. This situation is made worse by the lack of accessible legal\naid in the NW&SW regions. Protection monitoring quarterly updates for October - December 2024, NW&SW indicated that\nthere were 1,109 victims of multiple human rights violations, including torture and inhumane treatment.\n\n\nIn September, a significant increase in protection and security incidents was similarly reported. This could be attributed to the\nincrease in NSAG presence in almost all communities in the NW&SW in a bid to enforce the lockdown and an increase in SSF\nactivities to curb NSAG activities. 549 human rights violations were recorded in September (in comparison to 311 in August)\nin the NW&SW regions. The top three reported violations remain threats to Life and personal security (149 Victims), Arbitrary\narrests and detentions (91 victims), and Torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment (53 Victims). Men and boys\nunfortunately remain the most affected. [xxi]\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn 2024, the protection response in Cameroon declined compared to\nprevious years due to reduced funding, diminished partner presence, and\nongoing access constraints, all within an increasingly volatile environment\nthat severely disrupted civilian protection.\n\n\nDespite these challenges, coordination structures remained active. The\nProtection Cluster convenes monthly in both the North-West/South-West\n(NWSW) and Far North, with GBV and Child Protection AoRs operational at\nnational and sub-national levels. Dedicated cluster coordinators are in\nplace to support regional and national coordination.\n\n\nProtection remains a standing item in the monthly Inter-Cluster\nCoordination Group (ICCG) meetings. Key actors\u2014UNHCR, INTERSOS, DRC,\nand IRC\u2014continue to conduct regular protection monitoring.\n\n\n\nTo strengthen data consistency, efforts are underway to harmonize tools\nthrough the launch of Project 21. The Protection Monitoring Task Force, reinstated in September 2023 and co-led by DRC,\nis central to this initiative. An MoU signed in April 2024 between DRC and Respect Cameroon reinforced co-coordination\narrangements at the national level. The 2024\u20132026 Protection Strategy was finalized, aligning with the Centrality of\nProtection approach endorsed by the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) in May 2023. The Protection Sector continues to\nreport to the HCT on its implementation. Referral pathways have been established by regional clusters, though they require\nbiannual updates to ensure effectiveness.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nCritical gaps in the protection response persist across Cameroon, particularly in legal aid, mental health support, and child\nprotection services. Access to justice remains extremely limited, with victims of unlawful arrest, detention, and torture\noften unable or unwilling to seek redress due to fear of reprisals and lack of services.\n\n\nThe shortage of trained child protection staff and GBV service providers has left many survivors without adequate support,\nwhile lockdowns and displacement continue to separate families and expose children to recruitment and abuse.\nCoordination efforts require scaling up to ensure the consistent delivery of protection services across conflict-affected\nregions.\n\n\nThe sector and AoRs struggled with funding gaps in 2024. The financial requirement for HRP 2025 to respond to targeted\n1.4 m was $49 m, the sector only received $16 m, or 32%. Despite this shortfall, protection actors reached almost half the\ntargeted number with affected critical services to persons in need in NW, SW and Far North regions.\n\n\nIn 2025, it is projected that the financial situation will worsen given the ongoing freeze and drastic reduction of\nhumanitarian funding. Given the humanitarian reset, the re-prioritization process on ongoing with the sector having to\nreduce targets to 713,000 in 11 locations under inter-sector severity level 4.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n#### RISK 1 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Conduct awareness and training sessions for HCT members on the Call to Action against GBV.\n\n - Encourage all sectors to adopt specific actions to mitigate GBV risks in the humanitarian response according to the Call\nto Action against GBV (outcome 6) and the IASC Guidelines.\n\n - Engage, support, and invest in local and national civil society organizations working directly on the protection of affected\npopulations (included GBV), based on their comparative advantage and capacities.\n\n - carry out awareness campaigns at national and regional levels, appointment of focal points\n\n\n**HC and HCT**\n\n\n - Carry our advocacy targeting Government authorities to put in place measures to address gender-based violence and\nconflict related sexual violence, CRSV. In keeping with objective 3 of the HCT Centrality of Protection Strategy, there is\nneed for government and HCT to support the Call to Action against GBV rolled out in June 2023.\n\n - Monthly and regular consultation and advocacy with donors to provide support for the Call to Action against GBV.\n\n\n**HC and HCT**\n\n\n - Strengthened civil-military coordination and access negotiation through targeted joint field missions by HCT members to\nreinforce the capability of crises-affected populations to safely move and access humanitarian assistance, basic services,\nand livelihoods.\n\n - Sensitize the Government on the necessity to engage with all parties to the conflict for the full and unimpeded\nimplementation of the humanitarian response, including through the implementation of the HCT Access Strategy.\n\n - Advocate with local administrative authorities (Prefect/Senior Divisional Officer) on the issuance of civil and legal\ndocumentation, birth certificates and national identity cards for IDPs.\n\n#### RISK 3 Child and Family Separation\n\n\n**AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n - Support the operationalization and implementation of the Charter of Mayors signed by 374 mayors and a roadmap for\ndecentralized-level implementation, with a commitment to accelerate the birth registration rate at the national level,\nincluding in crisis-affected areas.\n\n - Support the implementation of Protocols signed on the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed groups\nand reunification of Unaccompanied and Separated Children. Humanitarian activities in the 13 divisions in the NW and\nSW regions and in 4 divisions in FN.\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Strengthen the prevention, mitigation measures and response to violence against children: through enhanced\ncommunity-based organizations and relevant Government members, reinforced on CP issues, including Family\nseparation, CAAFAG, MHPSS, GBV and PSEA, monitoring grave violations of children\u2019s rights, MRM Resolution 1612 mine\nrisk awareness.\n\n - Improve the quality data on child protection, harmonized tools and information sharing: introduction of the Child\nProtection Information Management System and MRMIMS+, in Cameroon; CP AoR designed a KoboToolbox for\ninformation collection on service mapping.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON** | March 2025\n\n#### RISK 4 Torture or cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment\n\n\n**HC and HCT**\n\n\n - Advocate with state security and defense forces to respect international law when carrying out cordon and searches for\nNSAG. Such operations should take place during the day and the SSDF to desist from carrying out night searches which\nexpose civilian populations to other violations such as enforced disappearance, family separation and conflict related\nsexual violence.\n\n - Strongly urge the government to train and hold their security organs responsible as duty bearers to respect the rights of\nsuspects in conflict with the law, or those incarcerated after military operation and to allow them access to counsel and\nfamily visit. The practice of holding suspects for long periods without charges being preferred contravenes the law.\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Actors to carry out regular training for state security and defense forces on IHL and IHRL.\n\n\n**HC and HCT**\n\n\n - Must engage with both parties to the conflict to respect and uphold international human rights law, international\nhumanitarian law\n\n - Advocate with state security and defense forces to ensure the protection of civilian lives and civilian property.\n\n - Must Engage with government authorities, provide support, training and sensitization for law enforcement and security\norgans to respect fundamental human rights and ensure g civilians are treated with respect, in the conduct of their\noperations.\n\n - Advocate with the state security forces duty bearers with the responsibility to protect civilian lives and property.\n\n - Advocate with the military command to hold their soldiers and forces accountable when conducting arrest in compliance\nwith the law. The advocacy will focus on stopping arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention, enforced disappearance of\nsuspects or family members of NSAG.\n\n - The HCT must continue to engage with both parties to the conflict ensure that civilian populations are protected from\nharm by respecting the principles of distinction and proportionality during attacks and where possible to stop night raids\nas this exposes civilians to a myriad other human rights violations such as torture, cruel and inhumane treatment and\nconflict related sexual violence.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**End Notes**\n\n\n_i HNO 2025, NWSW Cluster Monthly reports_\n_ii HCT Centrality of Protection 2023, objective 2_\n_iii Protection monthly monitoring reports, dashboards_\n_iv Q4 Protection Monitoring Report NWSW_\n_v Mid-Year Report NWSW Cluster June 2024_\n_vi UNICEF Assessment on Children in Far North, NWSW and East regions March 2024_\n_vii NWSW protection monitoring reports_\n_viii Protection Cluster Monitoring Reports_\n_ix Protection rapid assessment Far North_\n_x OCHA Flash updates on Floods_\n_xi Multi sectoral assessment on flooding in Far North, Protection sector prioritization for the flood affected populations_\n_xii HLP AoR assessments in NWSW/protection updates to the HCT_\n_xiii Protection Cluster Extreme North updates Jan 2024._\n_xiv Voices of Cameroon 2023_\n_xv NWSW Quarterly report December 2024_\n_xvi Rapid Child Protection assessment in Far North September 2024_\n_xvii NWSW Protection Monitoring Reports/IOM DTM Oct/Nov 2024._\n_xviii HNO narrative Far North Cluster_\n_xix Protection incident analysis Far North October 2024_\n_xx Protection Cluster NWSW Monthly Update August 2024_\n_xxi Protection Cluster Monthly updates September 2024_\nXxx _: protection monitoring dashboards_\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe Protection Sector in consultation with the AoRs on Gender-Based Violence, Child Protection and Housing, Land and\nProperty drafted and reviewed this report. The baseline is provided from various sources including monitoring reports carried\nout in the Northwest and Southwest Regions, multi-sectoral assessments, protection rapid assessments, safety audits, Voices\nof Cameroon 2024, P21 data, and advocacy notes on impact of lockdowns in the NWSW regions.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nAccess to hard-to-reach areas, a shrinking humanitarian space, access restrictions, limited partner presence and capacity, and\nreduced donor funding has posed significant challenges to operation. The year 2024 was difficult for the sector as many\npartners were forced to suspend activities due to funding shortfalls. Protection monitoring was adversely impacted and\nactivities in the all three regions slowed down due to lack of operational capacity. Despite this, the sector engaged in a robust\nadvocacy which resulted in increased funding for the Protection Sector in. Cameroon operation received the highest allocation\nin the 2024 CERF Under Funded Emergencies funding, marking an improvement over the 2023 allocation of $1.2 million and\n$1.5 million received in 2022. This funding increase came because of intensified attacks against civilian populations in NW&SW\nregions and the Lake Chad Basin. Joined up advocacy from 2023 with donors, enabled the sector fill in key coordination\npositions that had been vacant for years. A coordinator was appointed to head the Child Protection AoR secured a dedicated\nIMO, with iMMAP providing additional support for six months to assist with the HPC processes. .\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **[Goretty Akinyi Omala omalag@unhcr.org](mailto:omalag@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monthly monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.6666128635406494, - "start": 24, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.613900899887085, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5579870939254761, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.945080578327179, - "start": 229, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7223033905029297, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Northwest and Southwest Regions", - "confidence": 0.9226819276809692, - "start": 235, - "end": 239 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8880976438522339, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7192836403846741, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection rapid assessments", - "confidence": 0.6691613793373108, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5111081600189209, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5533655881881714, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5705217123031616, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4aa2fb64-18b4-4d96-9748-940e54cdf090/Cameroon%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20-%20Update%20on%20Protection%20Risks%20Caused%20by%20Protracted%20Armed%20Conflicts%2C%20and%20Climatic%20Hazards%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_289/raw/doc_289_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_289/raw/doc_289_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a9117c82c1e919cde4d3e3379f7fbce5c1c854ca..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_289/raw/doc_289_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,386 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||**42**|\n|||||||\n||||||**3**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n||||||**11**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nCameroon has a long history of providing asylum to refugees. From 2017 to 2020, the Government of\nCameroon took several key policy measures at the national level to increase the socioeconomic\ndevelopment and protection space for refugees:\n## \u2022 [Law No 2018/010 ][w][as adopted in 2018, enabling the] [ certification of education and skills of foreigners] [, ]\n\nthereby making it easier to verify diplomas and certificates obtained abroad and giving refugees the\nsame right as nationals to access vocational training.\n\n[was enacted in 2019 to empower local authorities \u2013 including in refugee-hosting ]\n## \u2022 [Law No 2019/024]\nareas \u2013 to administer their own budgets and resources, which could also come to benefit refugees in\nthe sectors of **education and health.**\n## \u2022 [Refugees were included in the Government\u2019s ] [COVID-19 preparedness and response plan] [,][ especially ]\n\nwith respect to education and health, and the Government has continued to cover 30 per cent of\n**refugees\u2019 health-care fees** since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.\n## \u2022 [A ] [National Action Plan (2018\u20132020) for the 1325 Resolution and Companion Resolutions of the UN]\n\n[Security Council on Women, Peace and Security was adopted to improve measures to](http://www.wilpf-cameroon.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/PAN-Resolution-1325-du-CSNU-du-Cameroun.pdf) **protect women**\n**and girls \u2013 including refugees \u2013 before, during and after conflicts** . Cameroon also developed a\n[National Strategy for the period 2017\u20132020 aimed at preventing and responding to gender-based](http://www.minproff.cm/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/STRATEGIE-NATIONALE-CONTRE-LES-VBG-2017-2020.pdf)\nviolence (GBV).\n## \u2022 [The National Eligibility and Appeals Commission was sworn in, instituted by Decree No 2011/389 of ]\n\n2011, in October 2019, representing a step in the progressive and ongoing transfer of **Refugee Status**\n**Determination (RSD)** responsibilities from UNHCR to the Government of Cameroon. A **data-sharing**\n**protocol** was concluded in March 2019, a prerequisite for the final handover of RSD and registration.\n## \u2022 [Communal Development Plans for municipalities hosting refugees] [ were also updated by the ]\n\nGovernment during the reporting period to reflect the presence and impact of refugees in host\ncommunities in line with the IDA18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW) and the Government\u2019s 2018 National\nParticipatory Development Programme (PNDP). These plans form the basis of all development-related\ninterventions in the communities and comprise a community participatory approach whereby refugees\nare included in community consultations.\n\n\nAt the international level, the Government also signed a [tripartite agreement with UNHCR and the Central](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5d2f244a4.html)\n[African Republic in June 2019, for the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5d2f244a4.html) **voluntary repatriation** of refugees living in Cameroon. At the first\n[Global Refugee Forum (GRF) held in Geneva in December 2019, the Government of Cameroon reiterated](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\nits continued commitment in the areas of education, employment and livelihoods, health, Refugee Status\nDetermination (RSD), the issuance of biometric identity cards to refugees, and Government support to\nfacilitate voluntary repatriation.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nNational fiscal/budget policies and mechanisms can be applied to provide for timely additional financial\ntransfers from national level to refugee-hosting areas. [Law No 2004/017 of 22 July 2004 on Decentralization](http://cvuc-uccc.com/minat/textes/13.pdf)\nand [Law No 2019/024 of 24 December 2019 to institute the general code of regional and local authorities](https://www.prc.cm/en/news/the-acts/laws/4049-law-no-2019-024-of-24-december-2019-bill-to-institute-the-general-code-of-regional-and-local-authorities)\nlaid down the overall legal framework for decentralization, defining the competencies of decentralized\nadministrative units \u2013 municipalities and regions \u2013 as well as funding mechanisms to support their extended\ncompetencies. Such competencies cover many key areas, including local economic development and\ncertain services and infrastructure. Within this framework, municipalities have local development plans\n(Plans communaux de d\u00e9veloppement \u2013 PCDs) that can be adjusted to meet changing needs and allow\nmunicipalities to allocate development budget through their investment plans. Many refugee-hosting\nmunicipalities have adjusted their PCDs to include refugees\u2019 needs (basic services, socioeconomic\ninclusion opportunities, etc.) and are being used to prioritize activities to be implemented.\n\n\nHowever, there are shortcomings in implementing the policies and devolved planning processes due to a\nlack of financial resources for sub-national government institutions, limited implementation capacities and\na slow roll-out of the decentralization process, at both regional and municipal levels.\n\n\nThe allocation of national budget to the regions is not based on indicators that take into account the\npresence of refugees in a region. According to the government-led Recovery and Peacebuilding\nAssessment 2018\u20132022 (RPBA), \u201cthe more underdeveloped Northern regions are consistently less favored\nin terms of public investment per capita. Furthermore, budget allocations are transferred late and are not\nalways aligned with the needs identified in communal development plans. Human resource distribution\namong communes is highly unbalanced and is not delivered on the basis of need. As a result, development\nprocesses are inequitable, and public service delivery is inadequate in these regions.\u201d\n\n\nThe Government has finalized a new [National Development Plan (2020\u20132030)](http://onsp.minsante.cm/fr/publication/261/strat\u00e9gie-nationale-de-d\u00e9veloppement-2020-2030) which makes commitments\nto develop the capacity and role of decentralized territorial units as regards local development. The plan\nalso makes some reference to the inclusion of refugees as a target group for social assistance on the\ngrounds of vulnerability. However, it does not establish a specific institutional framework for providing\ntimely additional financing to refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\nThe [2017 National Social Protection Policy (PNPS in French) establishes the policy objective of social](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e831e4.html)\nsafety nets for all Cameroonians. In pursuit of implementation of this policy, the existing World Bankfinanced [Social Safety Net Project](https://projetfiletsociaux.cm/interne.php?idsmenu=264) ( _Projet Filets Sociaux \u2013_ \u2018PFS\u2019) \u2014 which commenced in 2013 and benefited\nsome 482,000 persons in its initial phase \u2014 was expanded in 2018 to target another 414,000 persons\n[under an additional phase (Social Safety Nets for Crisis Response). The PFS targets the poorest and most](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/433291525399293923/pdf/CAMEROON-SOCIAL-SAFETY-PAD-04052018.pdf)\nvulnerable people in participating areas, now including municipalities with a high rate of influx of refugees.\nThe expansion phase, which was partially funded under the IDA18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW), specifically\naims to provide relief to host communities stretched by the massive influx of refugees, in addition to other\npopulations affected by fragility. This includes: (a) alleviating poverty and vulnerability in host communities;\n(b) exploring avenues for the integration of refugees into national social protection systems and; (c) building\npeace in fragile regions. The programmes include cash transfers and labour-intensive public works\ncomponents.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nNational policies can be applied to identify, prevent and mitigate potential social tension and risks of\nviolence in refugee-hosting areas. These include the [2016 Criminal code, which applies to all persons](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/4722-loi-2016-007-du-12-juillet-2016-portant-code-penal-fr)\npresent in Cameroon, as well as laws relating to conflict resolution between farmers and pastoralists\n[(Decree No 78/263 of 3 July 1978). Moreover, there are laws pertaining to the organization and role of](http://bibliotheque.pssfp.net/livres/RECEUIL_DES_TEXTES_JURIDIQUES_MINATD.pdf)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n\ntraditional chieftaincies, which can conduct \u201cconciliation and mediation\u201d among their constituents (Article\n[21) and often play a role in conflict prevention and management in the host communities (Decree No](https://www.prc.cm/fr/actualites/actes/decrets/4469-decret-n-77-245-du-15-juillet-1977-portant-organisation-des-chefferies-traditionnelles)\n[77/245 of 15 July 1977 amended by Decree No 82/241 of 24 June 1982). Although these laws do not refer](https://www.prc.cm/fr/actualites/actes/decrets/4469-decret-n-77-245-du-15-juillet-1977-portant-organisation-des-chefferies-traditionnelles)\ndirectly to refugees, they can be read in conjunction with [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status](about:blank)\n[of Refugees in Cameroon and consequently applied to them and implemented in refugee-hosting areas.](about:blank)\n\n\nIn practice, there is a high level of interaction between refugees and host communities and a political\ndiscourse that has generally been favourable to welcoming refugees, although this has at times been\nseverely tested as conflicts in neighbouring countries have spilt over into Cameroon. Refugees have\nattained some degree of fragile integration into the host communities and UNHCR estimates that\napproximately 70 per cent of refugees from the Central African Republic live in host communities and that\nin some villages, refugees outnumber locals. Socially, the length of displacement and the additional\ndemographic pressure from subsequent refugees\u2019 arrivals has triggered some negative reactions from\nhost communities, but nothing on the level of an open conflict. In more rural areas, many refugees share\nlanguage, cultural and ethnic affinities with their host populations. This facilitates social cohesion, although\nlocalized issues do arise relating to land, resource-sharing and cohabitation. However, as a general rule,\nthe pre-emptive involvement of administrative and traditional authorities, as well as support from NGOs in\ncoexistence activities, tend to ensure that disagreements are managed in a peaceful manner (see for\nexample [Etude sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 la terre dans les arrondissements de l\u2019Est et de l\u2019Adamaoua](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/assessments/2020_rapport_final_etude_acces_des_refugies_a_la_terre_est_adamaoua.pdf)\n\n[Study on land access for refugees in the East and Adamaoua Districts], July 2020). Some refugees,\nparticularly in urban areas, complain of discrimination in employment, negative language towards refugees\nand occasional harassment by law enforcement officials. Over the years, projects and programmes\ndeveloped by the Government and other actors have increasingly been taking into account and benefiting\nboth refugees and host communities, thus contributing to enhancing peaceful coexistence.\n\n\nIn rural areas, conflict resolution mechanisms involving both refugees and host community members have\nbeen put in place by local authorities to manage issues arising between the communities. Joint protection\ncommittees have been developed by local authorities and UNHCR in the Far North region to foster\ndialogue and peaceful coexistence between refugee and host communities. In eastern Cameroon, village\ndevelopment committees set up by the local authorities to work on local development plans (PCDs) have\nintegrated refugees into participatory planning processes as part of the National Participatory Development\nProgramme (PNDP in French) (See [Community Development Program Support Project Response to Forced](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/182641525399305603/pdf/CAMEROON-FORCED-DISPLACEMENT-PAD-03302018.pdf)\n[Displacement, page 20). Furthermore, refugee self-management committees have been set up in villages](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/182641525399305603/pdf/CAMEROON-FORCED-DISPLACEMENT-PAD-03302018.pdf)\nhosting refugees, in addition to the village development committees, to facilitate interaction with the local\nauthorities. Joint committees that include refugee and host population representatives therefore play a\nmajor role in maintaining peace and cohesion.\n\n\nNational policies do formally protect refugees from discrimination. The 1996 Constitution affirms the\n[equality of all persons before the law. Article 9 of the 2005 Refugee Law provides that \u201call provisions in](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf)\nChapters II, III, IV and V\u201d of the 1951 Geneva Convention apply to refugees, including non-discrimination.\nIn practice, discrimination may occur in some situations, for instance in relation to gender, nationality,\nethnicity and diverse sexual orientation and gender identities.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nNational policies exist that can be applied to mitigate the environmental impact of areas hosting refugees.\nThese include [Law No 94/01 of 20 January 1994](https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LAW-NO.9401-OF-20-JANUARY-1994-TO-LAY-DOWN-FORESTRY-WILDLIFE-AND-FISHERIES-REGULATION.pdf) relating to wildlife, forestry and fishing and [Law No 96/12](https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LAW-NO.-9612-OF-05-AUGUST-1996-RELATING-TO-ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT.pdf)\n[of 5 August 1996 relating to environmental management. Other laws and policies include](https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LAW-NO.-9612-OF-05-AUGUST-1996-RELATING-TO-ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT.pdf) [Law No 98/005](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr33974.pdf)\n[of 14 April 1998 on water management, Decree](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr33974.pdf) [No 2012/2809/PM of 26 September 2012](https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/D\u00c9CRET-N\u00b020122809PM-DU-26-SEPTEMBRE-2012-FIXANT-LES-CONDITIONS-DE-TRI-DE-COLLECTE-DE-TRANSPORT-DE-R\u00c9CUP\u00c9RATION-DE-RECYCLAGE-DE-TRAITEMENT-ET-D\u2019\u00c9LIMINATION-FINALE-DES-D\u00c9CHET.pdf) on waste\nmanagement and the [National Policy on Liquid Sanitation. While these laws do not refer directly to](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/minee_strategie_nationale_d_assainissement_liquide_2011.pdf)\n[refugees and/or host communities, they can be read in conjunction with the 2005 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) and be\napplied in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both communities.\n\n\nIn practice, there are implementation challenges for all of the above-mentioned policies. The four different\nministries overseeing environmental policy face challenges including insufficient material, financial and\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nhuman resources. For instance, the percentage of the population that has access to drinking water sources\nis still relatively low in some regions of Cameroon, including in refugee-hosting areas, with the percentage\nof households consuming water from an improved source standing between 61 and 76 per cent in the\nEast, Adamawa and Far North regions. Rural communities have much less access than urban centres\n(Enqu\u00eate, Institut National de la Statistique, 2018). As for energy, the use of wood fuel by refugee and host\ncommunities also poses significant environmental protection challenges.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nWhile the Ministry of External Relations (MINREX) traditionally establishes national policy for refugees, this\n[does not extend to preparedness. Cameroon\u2019s National Contingency Plan (2011), developed by the Civil](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cmr147301.pdf)\nProtection Directorate (DPC), provides elements for a national preparedness framework and makes\nmention of refugee inflows. However, the plan does not foresee institutional mechanisms to respond to\nincreased or new refugee inflows in ways that minimize short-and medium-term socioeconomic impacts.\nThe plan also needs to be decentralized in order for preparedness and response capacities to be further\ndeveloped at local level.\n\n\nNonetheless, in practice, specific contingency plans have been developed in collaboration with regional\nauthorities and humanitarian organizations in refugee-hosting areas (for example in the East region for\nrefugees from Central African Republic or in the Far North Region in 2019). Whilst involving relevant\nministries and regional authorities, such contingency plans are mainly led by international actors and are\nnot fully integrated into national institutional structures.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\n[Cameroon has been a State Party to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees since 1961. It](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\n[is also a State Party to the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1969 OAU Convention](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[Governing Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and other relevant international and regional](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/doc2.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true&wdLOR=c1C330AF9-998D-C14A-9AEF-ED57CC065833&cid=d65e2d68-e6f9-4c7e-be80-7ed6fb8eafdd)\n[instruments. Cameroon also endorsed the Global Compact on Refugees. These instruments are](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/doc2.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true&wdLOR=c1C330AF9-998D-C14A-9AEF-ED57CC065833&cid=d65e2d68-e6f9-4c7e-be80-7ed6fb8eafdd)\n[implemented through, and incorporated into, national law through Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\nthe Status of Refugees and Implementing [Decree No 2011/389 dated 28 November 2011. This national law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f0efbfb2.html)\nprovides a progressive legal framework and expressly refers to the application of the fundamental rights\nand dispositions set out in the 1951 and the 1969 OAU Convention.\n\n\nFrom a formal point of view, the normative framework is consistent with international standards. Indeed, in\nsome respects it exceeds Cameroon\u2019s international commitments, with all rights being accorded within\nthe limits of those enjoyed by nationals, rather than the standard of \u201cmost favourable treatment accorded\nto nationals of a foreign country under the same circumstances\u201d which is attached to certain rights in the\n1951 Convention. Moreover, Cameroon has long prided itself on welcoming refugees and has positively\nengaged in several areas such as education and health services, taking measures to contribute to nondiscriminatory access within the limits of its capacity. The main challenges involve the implementation of\npolicies.\n\n\nUNHCR observes gaps in the awareness of applicable refugee policies and procedures among refugees\nand authorities, including immigration and law enforcement officials, the judiciary, and labour-related\nauthorities. Many refugees also highlight a lack of knowledge on the part of employers regarding their\nright to work.\n\n\n[Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4) and Implementing [Decree No 2011/389](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f0efbfb2.html)\n[dated 28 November 2011 set out the framework for recognition of refugee status. Article 16 of this 2005](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f0efbfb2.html)\nRefugee Law provides for the establishment of a refugee status management body. The supervisory\nministry for the refugee status management body is the Ministry of External Relations (MINREX). At the\nexpress request of the Government of Cameroon, UNHCR has been implementing registration and\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nRefugee Status Determination (RSD) since 1982. In the urban centres of Douala and Yaound\u00e9, there are\nindividual RSD procedures. In other regions hosting larger numbers of refugees (Far North, North,\nAdamawa and East Regions), Central African and Nigerian refugees are recognized on a prima facie basis.\nThe procedures applied, including those of the appeal process, are in line with international and regional\nstandards.\n\n\nOn 1 August 2016, the Government of Cameroon and UNHCR signed a Memorandum of Understanding on\nthe Transfer of Refugee Status Determination Responsibilities and Other Related Activities to the\nGovernment of Cameroon, by which UNHCR undertook to support the process of transferring RSD to the\nCameroonian authorities. The Technical Secretariat of the Refugee Status Management Body (STOGSR in\nFrench) was thus set up in 2016 in Yaound\u00e9, with a view to conducting RSD. UNHCR and the Government\nof Cameroon also concluded a data-sharing protocol in March 2019, setting up a framework for data\nprotection and sharing. The National Eligibility and Appeal Commissions, responsible for making the\ndefinitive status determination and hearing appeals, were sworn in at the end of October 2019. However,\nas at 30 June 2020, these commissions were not operational, pending the identification of adequate\nresources and due to the significant turn-over amongst members appointed to the eligibility commissions.\n\n\nIn light of this, a \u201chybrid\u201d system of RSD is currently being implemented whereby Government staff\nundertake interviews and produce RSD recommendations in respect of asylum-seekers living in Yaound\u00e9,\nwhich are then reviewed by UNHCR. As such, UNHCR still therefore formally determines refugee status\npending operationalization of the Eligibility and Appeals Commissions. Additional challenges include the\nfact that the Technical Secretariat (STOGSR) only covers Yaound\u00e9 at present, although there are plans to\nextend this first to Douala and eventually to regional refugee-hosting areas in which UNHCR is still\nregistering and determining status alone at present. STOGSR is also currently reliant on UNHCR funding,\nlimiting its capacity to fully assume responsibilities according to relevant legislation and to expand\ngeographical coverage beyond the capital.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\n[Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 affords asylum-seekers the right to stay in the country for the duration](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\nof the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) procedure. There are no policy limitations such as time limits\nor renewal/extension requirements. Similarly, once refugee status is granted, whether through prima facie\nor individual RSD procedures, no such policy limitations exist. There are occasional reports of asylumseekers and refugees having been arrested for illegal immigration by law enforcement officials because\ntheir identification cards and other relevant documents had expired. This is mainly due to a lack of\nawareness of refugees\u2019 rights on the part of some law enforcement officials and such cases are usually\nresolved quickly.\n\n\n[Article 7 of Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 also provides for the principle of non-refoulement in line](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\nwith international standards. There has been increasingly open engagement with the Cameroonian\nauthorities to raise awareness of their international obligation with regard to non-refoulement. From early\n2019 to 30 June 2020, there were no known cases of refoulement. Moreover, there were no known cases\nof unlawful termination of refugee status by way of cancellation, revocation or cessation and no cases of\nrecognized refugees being expelled on the grounds of national security or public order. Cameroon has\ncontinued to welcome persons seeking asylum during the COVID pandemic. The borders were closed on\n18 March 2020 limiting access to the territory. They were reopened on 1 August 2020.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[The institutional framework for refugee management is set out in Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 and](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\n[its Implementing Decree No 2011/389 dated 28 November 2011, which provide for the establishment of](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f0efbfb2.html)\nthe Eligibility and Appeals Commissions and the technical secretariat of the refugee status management\nbody under the auspices of the Ministry of External Relations (MINREX). The 2005 refugee law and 2011\nImplementing Decree speak specifically of Refugee Status Determination, but remain silent on other\ninstitutions\u2019 responsibilities and on broader refugee management coordination responsibilities. Formally,\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\ntherefore, MINREX has established a national policy for refugees and status issues in particular, but this\nmandate does not extend to the day-to-day management and coordination of assistance or socioeconomic\nconcerns, which are spread across different sectoral ministries and other national institutions.\n\n\nThrough administrative [Order No 269 of 13 March 2014, the Government established an ad hoc](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/1610-arrete-n-269-du-13-mars-2014-creation-comite-gestion-refugies)\ninterministerial committee at central level, under the leadership of the Ministry of Territorial Administration\n(MINAT), to coordinate assistance to address large inflows of refugees from the Central African Republic\nand Nigeria. This committee has been mirrored to a certain degree at regional level in the main refugeehosting areas and chaired by Governors. Line Ministries, such as those responsible for education, water,\nhealth, agriculture and social affairs, participate in these committees but at times play a limited role in the\ndelivery of assistance due to challenges in terms of capacity. At central level, the ad hoc interministerial\ncommittee has been dormant for the last three years, particularly in light of the reduction of inflows of\nrefugees from the Central African Republic.\n\n\nTo fill these gaps, UNHCR has completed agreements with certain key ministries outlining commitments\nand responsibilities, as with the Ministry of Health in 2016.\n\n\nIn managed refugee camps and settlements, refugee community governance structures have been\nestablished with UNHCR assistance, aiming at, inter alia, obtaining refugee input and feedback on\ndecisions affecting them. In the camps, these include Refugee Central Committees, block leaders, elders,\npeace/conflict resolution committees, community safety groups ( _comit\u00e9s de vigilance_ ), associations for\nparents and teachers, women and young people, and persons with disabilities, as well as committees on\nshelter and food. In Yaound\u00e9 and Douala community governance is structured around Community Leaders\nand a system of refugee incentive workers called _relais communautaires_ .\n\n\nThese committees are functional and meet with UNHCR, relevant government officials and other national\nand international partners on a regular basis. They are elected by refugees themselves under the technical\nsupervision of UNHCR and local authorities. Their composition and management take age, gender,\ndiversity considerations into account, although this is not always meaningfully applied. The level of\nfunctionality of the other structures may vary from group to group or area to area. In addition, for refugees\nliving outside camps and managed settlements in rural locations, refugee self-management committees\nhave been set up in villages hosting refugees to facilitate interaction with the local authorities.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census in Cameroon. The last general\ncensus of the population was conducted in 2005. Since 2018, the [Central Bureau for Census and Population](http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/fr/)\n[Studies](http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/fr/) (BUCREP) has been planning to conduct another general census of the population and has\nincluded the legal status of persons in its data collection tool, including refugees. The general census has\nnot yet taken place. Once complete, it is expected that the results will assist policymakers and development\nactors in integrating demographic aspects pertaining to the refugee population into Government policies.\n\n\nSteps have been taken to include refugees in administrative data collection systems. Data on refugees in\nCameroon is taken into consideration in national health programmes addressing malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS\nand immunization. Refugees are also included in nutritional surveys organized by the Ministry of Public Health.\nRegarding education, the development of an education management information system (EMIS) is mentioned in\n[the Strategy of the Education and Training Sector](https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/2015_02_cameroon_education_sector_plan.pdf) (2013\u20132020), but has not yet been implemented. However,\nsince 2018, discussions have been initiated with the Ministry of Education to consider collecting education data\nrelating to refugee children and young people through the up-coming EMIS. A first step was taken with the\ninclusion of information on refugee children and young people in the national school mapping in 2018.\n\n\nVillage development committees set up by local authorities to develop local development plans (PCDs)\nhave integrated refugees into participatory planning processes as part of the World Bank-financed\n[Community Development Support Project to Forced Displacement, implemented by the PNDP, in the](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/182641525399305603/pdf/CAMEROON-FORCED-DISPLACEMENT-PAD-03302018.pdf)\nEastern and Far North regions of Cameroon. PCDs are the basis of development planning at local level\nand the source of projects undertaken by the Government, municipalities and development partners in a\nmunicipality.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9704237580299377, - "start": 468, - "end": 471 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.9858736991882324, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.9481632709503174, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7511419653892517, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutritional surveys", - "confidence": 0.9439322352409363, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8629098534584045, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nArticle 9 of [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 provides that all recognized refugees should be issued with](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\nan identity document and a travel document for the purpose of travel abroad. Article 8(3) stipulates that\n[asylum-seekers shall be provided with an attestation. Decree No 2016/373 of 4 August 2016](https://www.prc.cm/fr/actualites/actes/decrets/1879-decret-n-2016-373-du-04-aout-2016-modifiant-et-completant-certaines-dispositions-du-decret-n-2007-255-du-04-septembre-2007-fixant-les-modalites-d-application-de-la-loi-n-97-012-du-10-janvier-1997-relative-aux-conditions-d-entree-de-sejour-et-de-sortie-des) and [Decree](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/4763-decret-n-2016-374-du-4-08-2016-organisation-et-fonction-cnpti)\n[No 2016/374 of 4 August 2016 provide for a system to produce biometric identity cards for nationals and](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/4763-decret-n-2016-374-du-4-08-2016-organisation-et-fonction-cnpti)\nforeigners, including refugees. The adoption of these decree setting out the modalities for the issuance of\nbiometric identity cards to refugees has been a significant step forward in terms of policy. They define the\noperating procedures of the National Centre for the Production of Identity Documents (CNPTI), which is\nresponsible for producing national as well as refugee identity cards. The issuance of biometric identity\ncards for refugees by the government has not yet been implemented. The Ministry of External Relations\nalso issues refugees with Convention Travel Documents (CTDs) to facilitate international travel.\n\n\nCurrently, UNHCR continues to issue identification cards to refugees following biometric verification of\neach individual, pending the effective implementation of the legal provisions and regulations. All refugees\nare provided with appropriate documentation. Identification cards issued by UNHCR are not co-signed by\nthe Government of Cameroon but are officially recognized as a form of identification as per Article 40 of\n[Decree No 2007/255 of 4 September 2007.](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83979/118121/F865098694/CMR-83979.pdf)\n\n\nThere are however some challenges in practice. A recurrent difficulty raised by some refugees, especially\nin rural areas, is that the card is not systematically given due weight by all police officers and that their\nfreedom of movement can at times be de facto partially limited, with increased risks of arbitrary detention\nand consequences on their ability to go about regular livelihoods. In addition, some refugees, especially\nin urban areas, report that certain employers refuse on occasion to accept the refugee card as evidence\nof refugees\u2019 right to work despite the provisions in the 2005 law. Some refugees have also reported facing\nissues with financial institutions or service providers. Law enforcement agencies and relevant ministries\ncollaborate with UNHCR to undertake regular training and advocacy regarding refugee documentation to\nenhance recognition of the UNHCR-issued card.\n\n\nCivil status documentation is covered in the 2005 refugee law as well as in the relevant provisions of\n[Order No 81/002 of 29 June 1981 on civil status. The](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=54c224634) [National Ofce for Civil Status Documentation](http://www.bunec.cm/)\n[(BUNEC), set up in 2011, is responsible for coordinating and modernizing the system. At the 2019 High-](http://www.bunec.cm/)\n[Level Segment on Statelessness, Cameroon also committed to regularizing the situation of all persons](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/results-of-the-high-level-segment-on-statelessness/)\nwithout a birth certificate living in the country.\n\n\nLocal authorities issue civil status documents to refugees without discrimination, including birth, death\nand marriage certificates. However, for refugees and for nationals, there are several issues that hamper\neffective access to these documents. According to the [2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5), the](http://onsp.minsante.cm/fr/publication/256/mics5-rapport-de-r\u00e9sultats-cl\u00e9s)\nnational birth registration rate for Cameroonian children under 5 years of age is 66 per cent with wide\nregional disparities, particularly in the Far North Region (42 per cent), the North Region (60 per cent) and\nin the East Region (58 per cent). While similar figures are not available for the refugee population,\ninformation from UNHCR monitoring also indicates that some refugee children are not registered at birth,\nespecially in rural areas. Obstacles to birth registration include the remoteness of some populations from\nthe civil registration centres, a lack of awareness about documentation, as well as capacity and resource\nconstraints that can limit access to the relevant services. In addition, for births declared after the legal\ndeadline of 6 months, parents are required to get a court order ( _jugement suppl\u00e9tif_ ) to have the child\nregistered. The costs associated with this procedure are an obstacle to late birth registration.\n\n\nFinally, on the specific issue of birth certificates for refugee children born outside Cameroon but who were\neither never registered in their home country or lost their documents during flight, the Technical Secretariat\nof the Refugee Status Management Body (STOGSR) produces \u201cattestations in lieu of birth certificates\u201d that\nare widely recognized by administrations and schools, thus facilitating refugee children\u2019s access to\nservices.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey", - "confidence": 0.6835236549377441, - "start": 590, - "end": 595 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "national birth registration rate", - "confidence": 0.5146788358688354, - "start": 603, - "end": 607 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MICS5", - "confidence": 0.9372007250785828, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.8570706248283386, - "start": 525, - "end": 526 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9883795976638794, - "start": 590, - "end": 591 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7419484853744507, - "start": 590, - "end": 591 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Cameroonian children under 5 years of age", - "confidence": 0.8168185353279114, - "start": 608, - "end": 615 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national birth registration rate", - "confidence": 0.591423511505127, - "start": 603, - "end": 607 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8575047254562378, - "start": 668, - "end": 669 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.5030763149261475, - "start": 786, - "end": 787 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.8683066368103027, - "start": 674, - "end": 676 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nNo specific study was identified comparing the security perceptions of refugees and their host communities.\nGenerally speaking, participatory assessments and monitoring conducted by UNHCR indicate that the\nsecurity situation varies between different refugee-hosting regions. For example, in the East, Adamawa\nand North regions, refugees and host communities enjoy a relatively peaceful and safe environment,\ndespite some criminality in border areas. In the Far North Region, the situation is more fluid, with the\nexistence of security threats due to the conflict with Boko Haram that affect both communities, particularly\nin areas along the border with Nigeria.\n\n\n[Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4) affords refugees the right of recourse to the courts ( _\u201cle droit d\u2019ester en_\n_justice_ \u201d). In practice, access to justice is limited for both refugees and host communities due to capacity\nand resource constraints, physical distance to the institutions providing legal aid, formal justice and law\nenforcement, and so on. Traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are more easily accessible, particularly\nin regions where refugees share cultural and social affinities with their host communities.\n\n\nProtection and human security issues are affecting refugees as well as host communities. The situation is\nchallenging, especially for women, who are particularly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence.\nVarious policies are in place targeting gender-related issues and preventing and addressing sexual and\ngender-based violence (SGBV). These include, among other things, the [National Constitution of 18 January](https://www.prc.cm/en/cameroon/constitution)\n[1996, the](https://www.prc.cm/en/cameroon/constitution) [Civil Code and](http://www.mintp.cm/uploads/Textes%20G\u00e9neraux/TEXTES%20PORTEE%20GENERALE/CODE%20CIVIL%20CAMEROUNAIS.pdf) [Law No 2016/007 of 12 July 2016](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/4722-loi-2016-007-du-12-juillet-2016-portant-code-penal-fr) relating to the [Criminal Code. In addition,](https://www.prc.cm/fr/multimedia/documents/4722-loi-2016-007-du-12-juillet-2016-portant-code-penal-fr)\n[Cameroon has a National SGBV Strategy for the period 2017\u20132020, aimed at preventing and responding](http://www.minproff.cm/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/STRATEGIE-NATIONALE-CONTRE-LES-VBG-2017-2020.pdf)\nto SGBV. These policies apply to refugee-hosting areas and do not exclude refugees. Moreover, the\nMinistry of Women\u2019s Empowerment and the Family (MINPROFF), has initiated revision of the national\nSGBV strategy to explicitly take into consideration SGBV issues relating to the forcibly displaced, including\nrefugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\nIn practice, there are shortcomings in policy implementation and access to relevant services can be limited\nat times as a result, inter alia, of capacity and resource constraints, particularly in rural areas. This affects\nboth refugee and host communities. Nonetheless, UNHCR has observed cases of refugee SGBV survivors\nbeing referred to and accessing services provided by the Government. In addition, while the law does\ncriminalize SGBV and should in principle not be adjudicated by traditional dispute resolution mechanisms,\nmany refugee and host communities still prefer to use these. These challenges affect refugees and host\ncommunities alike.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4) allows refugees and asylum-seekers to move freely within Cameroon\nand choose a place of residence on a par with nationals, without any restriction. Some 64 per cent of the\nrefugee population live outside camps and settlements, mainly in rural host communities but also in the\nurban centres of Yaound\u00e9 and Douala, where there is also a sizeable refugee population.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees and asylum-seekers do avail themselves of these rights, although certain limitations\nexist. For example, the administrative practice of requiring refugees to obtain a document from UNHCR\ncalled an \u2018 _\u00e0 qui de droit_ \u2019 before they can move outside their administrative division (\u201c _d\u00e9partement_ \u201d) of\nresidence was first instituted by authorities with the arrival of refugees en masse from the Central African\nRepublic, in order to control movements. Although many refugees do move to a different _d\u00e9partement_\nwithout this document, doing so can expose them to increased scrutiny from security forces during routine\nidentity checks. Moreover, some refugees, especially in rural areas have reported that, although officially\naccepted as a means of identification, the UNHCR-issued refugee card is not systematically given due\nweight by all police officers and gendarmes. Also, there have been reports of law enforcement officials\nallegedly extorting money from refugees during routine checks on public transport. It should be noted\nthat such issues are not limited to refugees, but can also affect nationals. At times this uncertainty has a\nlimiting effect on the free movement of refugees.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[Articles 9 and 10 (1) of Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 provide refugees with the right to work on par](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\nwith nationals, with no restriction. Refugees do not have to obtain a work permit. The applicable laws do\nnot however mention asylum-seekers\u2019 rights to work.\n\n\nDuring the Global Refugee Forum, Cameroon made a pledge on employment and job opportunities. A\ntripartite agreement between ILO, UNHCR and the Ministry of Labour was drafted with a view to including\nrefugees as applicants for employment with the National Employment Fund.\n\n\n[As regards employment in the public sector, Article 13 of Decree No 94/199 of 7 October 1994 instituting](https://www.minfopra.gov.cm/recueil/fichiers%20word/DECRET%20N\u00b0%2094-199%20DU%2007%20OCTOBRE%201994.pdf)\nthe general statute of the State Civil Service provides that only persons of Cameroonian nationality may\nbe employed as civil servants. While a broad reading of the 2005 refugee law could provide a policy basis\nfor refugee inclusion in this respect, there are no reported cases of refugees working as civil servants in\nCameroon.\n\n\nIn practice, relatively few refugees are able to obtain formal employment or set up a formal business. Only\naround 4.5 per cent of the refugee population is in formal employment, according to statistics from the\nUNHCR _proGres_ registration database. This is due to the limited job opportunities in Cameroon, high\nunemployment even among the host community and general socioeconomic difficulties in the country. In\naddition, there have been reports by refugees, especially in urban areas, that some employers have not\naccepted the UNHCR-issued refugee card as evidence of refugees\u2019 right to work, despite the provisions\nin the 2005 law. This was reportedly due to a lack of awareness or as a pretext to withhold written contracts\nfrom some refugee employees. Due to existing challenges in accessing formal employment, a significant\nnumber of refugees enter the informal labour and business markets.\n\n\n[Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 provides refugees with the same worker protections as nationals in line](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4)\n[with applicable national laws. This includes Law No 92/007 of 14 August 1992 instituting the labour code,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/31629/64868/F92CMR01.htm)\nwhich provides for worker protections in the private sector, including equal remuneration, non[discrimination, protection of women workers and prohibition of child labour, and Order No 17 of 27 May](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/17964/15795/F1498839332/CMR-17964.pdf)\n[1969 on child employment, which forbids all employment of children under 14 and outlines the conditions](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/17964/15795/F1498839332/CMR-17964.pdf)\nfor work between the ages of 14 and 18. The minimum wage policy applies to all workers in Cameroon, in\n[compliance with Article 1 of Decree No 2014/2217/PM of 24 July 2014. In practice, refugees\u2019 enjoyment of](https://www.spm.gov.cm/site/?q=fr/content/d\u00e9cret-n\u00b0-20142217pm-du-24-juillet-2014-portant-revalorisation-du-salaire-minimum)\nthese rights can at times be limited due to challenges in enforcement capacity in the relevant government\nagencies as well as inadequate recognition of UNHCR-issued identification documents by certain\nemployers. Some refugees have also reported that employers have taken advantage of their precarious\nsocioeconomic situation to refuse to provide written work contracts.\n\n\nAlthough [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=44eb242e4) does not specifically mention the exercise of liberal\nprofessions, its wording fully enacts relevant rights from the 1951 Convention, which therefore includes\nArticle 19 on the exercise of liberal professions. As such, refugees who hold diplomas recognized by the\ncompetent authorities in Cameroon can exercise a liberal profession within the limits of rights accorded to\nnationals. In practice, however, very few refugees have the relevant professional profile to exercise a\nliberal profession.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nThe State is the guardian of land in Cameroon. Access to land is governed by [Order No 74-1 of 6 July 1974](https://garoua.eregulations.org/media/ordonnance_fixant_regime_foncier_cameroun.pdf)\n[relating to land and state land tenure, Law No 80\u201321 of 14 July 1980](http://www.minjustice.gov.cm/index.php/en/instruments-and-laws/laws/206-law-n-80-21-of-14-july1980-to-amend-certain-provisions-of-ordinance-n-74-1-of-6-july-1974-to-establish-rules-governing-land-tenure) [and Decrees No 76-166 of 27 April](https://yaounde.eregulations.org/media/D\u00e9cret%2076-166%20au%2027%20avril%201976%20fixant%20les%20modalit\u00e9s%20de%20gestion%20du%20domaine%20national.pdf)\n1976 and [No 76-167 of 27 April 1976. Article 9 of the 2005 Refugee Law provides for refugees to enjoy the](https://garoua.eregulations.org/media/d\u00e9cret%2076-167%20du%2027%20avril%201976%20-%20gestion%20du%20domaine%20priv\u00e9%20de%20l%27Etat.pdf)\n\u201cright to property\u201d within the limits of the rights accorded to nationals. In law, refugees therefore enjoy\ntreatment more favourable than that generally accorded to other foreigners and can be assimilated to\nnationals in respect of such rights through the operation of the refugee law. In practice, however, refugees\ncan be subject to the laws and procedures usually reserved for other categories of foreigners for the\npurchase or lease of land, due to a lack of awareness of the relevant provisions of the 2005 Refugee Law.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR _proGres_ registration database", - "confidence": 0.9703046679496765, - "start": 250, - "end": 254 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8797553181648254, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.988787829875946, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.6570940017700195, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5638347864151001, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIt should be noted that due to the socioeconomic situation of many refugees, few are in a position to\npurchase land. In terms of access to agricultural land, negotiations routinely take place with host community\nleaders for the use of farming land for periods of 3 years. These agreements are usually facilitated by\ntraditional leaders, outside the administrative framework.\n\n\nLaw [2009/010 of 10 July 2009](http://mail.minhdu.cm/documents/decret_2009_1727_pm_du_04_09_2009.pdf) relating to the rental and purchase of property does not contain restrictions\non the status of persons who can rent or buy immoveable property. As such, read in conjunction with the\n2005 Refugee Law, refugees formally have the right to purchase, lease or use housing and immoveable\nproperty in Cameroon on a par with nationals. In practice, refugees in urban centres lease or use housing\nbased on formal or informal arrangements. Few are in an economic position to purchase immoveable\nproperty.\n\n\nThe 2005 Refugee Law provides refugees with \u201cthe right to housing within the limits of rights accorded to\n[nationals.\u201d According to Decree No 2012/384 of 14 September 2012, the Ministry of Housing and Urban](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cnr141895.pdf)\n[Development is responsible for social housing in Cameroon. The Ministry created an ad hoc commission](http://www.minhdu.gov.cm/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=45&Itemid=200007&lang=fr)\n[in charge of attributing social housing within the framework of the Government\u2019s National Programme](http://www.minhdu.gov.cm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=720%3Anote-de-presentation-du-programme-gouvernemental-de-construction-des-logements-sociaux-et-damenagement-des-parcelles-constructibles&catid=116%3Aprogramme-gouvernemental-10000-logements&Itemid=200038&lang=fr) for\nthe construction of 10,000 social housing units and development of 50,000 plots of land. In April 2018,\n[Cameroon held a workshop with different stakeholders aimed at validating the national housing policy](http://www.minhdu.gov.cm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1161%3A2018-03-27-08-08-42&catid=1%3Aactualites&Itemid=200040&lang=fr)\nstrategy in line with social housing programmes. While there is no mention of refugees (or foreigners) as\nthe target populations of such programmes, there is no provision in relevant laws or policies that specifically\nexclude them.\n\n\nDespite the Government\u2019s priority to do more on social housing and its efforts over the past decade(s), in\npractice, access to social housing is limited, even for nationals, with insufficient capacity to meet demand.\nGenerally, formal housing production is very low (mostly delivered by State-owned enterprises) and social\nhousing often caters to middle- if not higher income classes. This is due to a mix of factors including a big\ngeneral housing deficit across income groups, the fact that prices are still not affordable for most people\n(few Cameroonians can afford to buy the cheapest houses on the market; rental prices have also\nskyrocketed and often require upfront payment of 10\u201312 months\u2019 rent) and issues associated with\ngovernance. Moreover, a [study](https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/33715/fr.html/acces-aux-logements-sociaux-la-situation-au-cameroun-passee-en-revue) conducted by the National Institute for Statistics (INS) indicated that only 1\nin 8 Cameroonian households can afford the cost of social housing without the Government\u2019s assistance.\nAccess to loans in the social housing programme is open to persons with a minimum monthly income of\n376,000 FCFA (around USD 680), a sum that is beyond the reach of the vast majority of refugees and host\ncommunities. So far, UNHCR is not aware of refugees accessing the public/social housing schemes.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nCameroon is a member of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and its\n[banking sector is governed by regulations of the Banking Commission of Central Africa (COBAC).](http://www.ecerber.org/documents/TEXT00005.PDF) [Law No](https://www.prc.cm/en/multimedia/documents/8029-law-2019-021-of-24-december-2019)\n[2019/021 of 24 December 2019](https://www.prc.cm/en/multimedia/documents/8029-law-2019-021-of-24-december-2019) on credit activities in Cameroon also governs access to credit. Although\nthese laws and regulations do not specifically mention refugees, if they are read in conjunction with [Law](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf)\n[No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees,](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) they can also apply to them in respect of bank\naccounts and traditional financial services.\n\n\nIn practice, only a few refugees, mostly those who are urban-dwelling with stable employment, possess\nbank accounts. Certain banks verify refugee identity cards with UNHCR as a part of their Know Your\nCustomer (KYC) procedures for opening accounts. A pilot programme with the Bank Cr\u00e9dit du Sahel is\nalso being developed to facilitate access to such services more widely. However, most refugees face\nchallenges in accessing bank accounts and financial services such as credit, due to the fact that some\nfinancial institutions do not accept the refugee card as a means of identification and the fact that they are\nunable to satisfy other conditions such as having a work contract, pay slips or minimum deposits. It should\nbe noted that Cameroonians in general also have low rates of access to bank accounts and credit, given\nthe high levels of informal employment (see the 2018 Ministry of Finance Finscope report, cited in [Business](https://www.businessincameroon.com/finance/2809-8400-in-2017-only-10-of-cameroonians-aged-15-and-older-had-bank-accounts-minfi)\n[in Cameroon.)](https://www.businessincameroon.com/finance/2809-8400-in-2017-only-10-of-cameroonians-aged-15-and-older-had-bank-accounts-minfi)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nSIM card registration is mandated by law in Cameroon. The requirements for SIM registration can be found\nacross a number of different texts, including [Law 2010/013 on electronic communications,](http://www.art.cm/sites/default/files/documents/Loi_2010-013_communications_electroniques.pdf) [Decree No](http://165.73.158.31:81/case_study/n-2012-1637-pm-du-14-juin-2012-fixant-les-modalites-didentifications-des-abonnes-et-terminaux/)\n[2012/1637/PM and](http://165.73.158.31:81/case_study/n-2012-1637-pm-du-14-juin-2012-fixant-les-modalites-didentifications-des-abonnes-et-terminaux/) [Decree No 2015/3759. These decrees specify that the accepted means of identification](http://www.art.cm/sites/default/files/documents/Decret%20%202015_3759%20du%2003%20sept%202015%20fixant%20les%20modalit\u00e9s%20d_identification%20des%20abonn\u00e9s.pdf)\ninclude \u201ca residency permit for foreigners or any other equivalent document\u201d or \u201can identity document\nthat is accepted in Cameroon through the operation of international conventions.\u201d Although refugees are\nnot specifically mentioned in these texts, read together with the 2005 Refugee Law, they can be interpreted\nto cover refugees in the same way as nationals.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees do register SIM cards and use mobile money services with mobile operators, despite\nsome challenges. Certain operators, such as [MTN, specifically mention the refugee identity card as a](https://support.mtn.cm/fr/support/solutions/articles/44000953060-tout-savoir-sur-l-identification)\nmeans of identification. When SIM card or mobile money registration is refused on identification grounds\ndue to a lack of awareness on the part of operators, UNHCR conducts advocacy on behalf of refugees.\nRefugees also have recourse to informal workarounds when faced with such barriers. (See [Displaced and](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Country-Reports-WEB.pdf)\n[Disconnected, Country Reports, UNHCR 2019, page 18.)](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Country-Reports-WEB.pdf)\n\n\nAccording to Government policy, refugees can obtain key documents, such as formal recognition of\nforeign academic and vocational qualifications and national driving licences necessary to access\nemployment and other socioeconomic opportunities. [Decree No 2005/142 of 29 April 2005 on the](https://www.spm.gov.cm/site/?q=en/node/573)\norganization of the Ministry of Higher Education (MINESUP) provides for a National Commission for the\n[Evaluation of Training Abroad, which meets yearly to certify foreign tertiary degrees. Law No 2018/010](https://www.prc.cm/en/multimedia/documents/6582-law-n-2018-010-of-11-july-2018-governing-vocational-training-in-cameroon) of\n11 July 2018 governing vocational training enables the certification of vocational education and skills of\nforeigners in Cameroon. However, it is not known how many refugees routinely avail themselves of these\nrights.\n\n\n[Regarding driving licences, the applicable law (Order No 00406/1/MINT+DTT of 28 April 2000) imposes](http://mint.gov.cm/Fr/images/dtt/CONTENUEDUPROGRAMMECOMPOSITIONDESEPREUVESETMODALITESDEDELIBERATIONDEEXAMENDUPERMISDECONDUIRE.pdf)\nno restrictions on the nationality of applicants. Moreover, Article 13(1) of [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf)\n[on the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) states that refugees have the right to \u201cany document necessary for accomplishing\nthe acts of civil life or in application of domestic law\u201d. Although there are practical obstacles such as cost,\nUNHCR has observed examples of refugees having received Cameroonian driving licences.\n\n\nRefugees are registered without restriction in public as well as private training centres, including in centres\nrun by the Ministry for the Promotion of Women and the Family (MINPROFF) and the Ministry of Youth and\nCivic Education (MINJEC), in line with Article 10(2) of the 2005 Refugee Law, which entitles refugees to the\nsame treatment as nationals in respect of education. It should be noted however that some training\nstructures face capacity and resource challenges, particularly in rural areas.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nArticle 10(2) of [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees entitles refugees to the same](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf)\ntreatment as nationals in respect of education, including for university admission fees. Cameroon also\npledged, at the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019, to ensure that refugee pupils have the same\naccess to free primary education as nationals.\n\n\nIn line with its legal framework relating to refugees, the Government of Cameroon has adopted an inclusive\napproach whereby refugee children and young people receive the same treatment as nationals in terms\nof access to education and rights relating to school and university enrolment fees. The National Education\nand Training Sector strategy covering 2013\u20132020 mentions refugees as a target group among those with\nadditional barriers to accessing school. This inclusive approach is also reflected in the education sector\ndiagnosis initiated in 2019, which for the first time includes a specific chapter on education in crises. As\nsuch, the country\u2019s new 2021\u20132030 education strategy that is being developed is expected to take forcibly\ndisplaced persons into consideration, including refugees and asylum-seekers. Despite existing challenges\n\n - including a lack of infrastructure and learning materials, a high teacher/student ratio, teachers\u2019 capacitybuilding needs and the requirement to present a birth certificate when taking school exams \u2013 this\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nemphasizes the increased commitment of the Government of Cameroon to plan and respond to the\neducation needs of refugees and asylum-seekers and reflects Cameroon\u2019s willingness to materialize its\nrelated pledge made at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum.\n\n\nThe above education policies also provide for specialized services. In practice, such services are available\nin certain areas but are of limited scope; elsewhere, especially in rural areas, they do not exist at all, due\nto insufficient financial, material and human resources. However, the Government of Cameroon has\ndemonstrated openness in facilitating refugees\u2019 inclusion in the national education system and in providing\nrelated specialized support where possible, for instance by offering refugee children and young people\nfrom the Central African Republic the possibility to benefit from an accelerated curriculum for the\nreintegration of out-of-school children ( _Curriculum acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9insertion des enfants d\u00e9scolaris\u00e9s_ [CARED) upon their arrival in Cameroon and by opening a bilingual high school in Minawao refugee camp,](https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/document/file/2019-12-Cameroun-programme-financement-accelere_0.pdf)\nwhich hosts Nigerian refugees in the Far North Region. More recently, refugee children and young people\nhave been included in the [National Education Response Plan](https://www.globalpartnership.org/sites/default/files/document/file/2020-07-requete-financement-accelere-covid-19-document-programme-cameroun-mai.pdf) relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including\nfor the distance learning programme.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\n[Refugees have access to public health-care services on a par with nationals, as per Article 9 of Law No](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf)\n[2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees. Cameroon has developed a](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) [National Health Strategy,](https://www.minsante.cm/site/?q=fr/content/strat%C3%A9gie-sectorielle-de-sant%C3%A9-2016-2027-1)\ncovering the period 2017 to 2027. This strategy does not mention refugees per se as one of its target\npopulations but takes into consideration the geographical divisions per region, health district and health\narea for the general population\u2019s access to health services. Cameroon also made a pledge relating to the\ninclusion of refugees in national health strategies and plans at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum.\n\n\nThe 2016 agreement between UNHCR and the Ministry of Health (MINSANTE) to enable refugees from\nrural areas to access the services of the Cameroonian health system at the same level as the host\npopulation stipulates that MINSANTE covers 30 per cent and UNHCR 70 per cent of the health-care costs\nrelating to Central African refugees in the East, Adamawa and North Regions, as well as to Nigerian\nrefugees in the Far North Region\n\n\nData on the numbers of refugees accessing the national health-care system are not available. However,\nrefugees in Cameroon are included in health surveys and programmes (malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS,\nnutrition, etc.) in the same way as the host population. This includes access for refugee women and girls\nto national sexual and reproductive services, where available. Reciprocally, the host population has access\nto health facilities that have been put in place for refugees. While health remains a priority concern for\nrefugees as shown through most of UNHCR\u2019s participatory assessments, the issues raised tend to be\nsimilar to those of Cameroonian nationals.\n\n\nThere is currently no public health insurance scheme operational in Cameroon and as such there is no\nsystem in place that can finance refugees\u2019 health-care costs in the publicly financed health system.\n[However, the Ministry of Health is currently in the process of developing its Universal Health Coverage](https://www.minsante.cm/site/sites/default/files/Point%20CSU%20Conf\u00e9rence%20Services%20Centraux%202018%20OK.pdf)\n[system. The possibility of including refugees is being examined in the context of the ongoing discussions.](https://www.minsante.cm/site/sites/default/files/Point%20CSU%20Conf\u00e9rence%20Services%20Centraux%202018%20OK.pdf)\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[Article 9 of Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) sets out that refugees have the\n[right to \u201cpublic and social assistance\u201d within the limits of the rights accorded to nationals. The National](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e831e4.html)\n[Social Protection Policy](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e831e4.html) (PNPS in French) of December 2017 prioritizes basic levels of assistance to persons\nwith specific needs, including disabilities and people with mental health issues and older persons without\ncare and support. It also mentions refugees as a beneficiary group of specialized services. There are no\nfurther policies providing guidance on how this is to be done.\n\n\nAs mentioned under sub-dimension 1.1, the Government\u2019s [Social Safety Net programme](https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P164830) received additional\nWorld Bank funding under the IDA18 Refugee Sub-Window in 2018, which also aims to integrate refugees\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health surveys", - "confidence": 0.9426255822181702, - "start": 465, - "end": 467 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8787716031074524, - "start": 542, - "end": 543 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.943314254283905, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8428160548210144, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\ninto national social protection systems. Data is not currently available on how many refugees have\nbenefited from this programme.\n\n\nA contributory social protection scheme managed by the [National Social Insurance Fund](https://www.cnps.cm/index.php/fr/) (CNPS) provides\nfor basic family and old-age benefits as well as protection for work-related accidents. Nationals and\n[foreigners can benefit from this scheme (See CNPS: Client Guide, page 10), although, being contributory,](https://www.cnps.cm/images/faq.pdf)\nit is restricted to those working in the formal sector who have written contracts and are being declared by\ntheir employer. Given the high levels of informal work, relatively few nationals and yet fewer refugees are\ncovered by the scheme.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations provide basic levels of assistance to refugees\nwith specific needs. Refugees can also access the services of the Ministry of Social Affairs (MINAS) and\nthe Ministry of Women\u2019s Empowerment and the Family (MINPROFF), in particular those delivered in social\naction centres, centres for women\u2019s empowerment and the family, as well as rehabilitation centres for\npersons with disabilities. However, these services, mainly relating to counselling, psychosocial support\nand mediation, are often limited due to the insufficient human and financial capacities of the relevant\nministries and are not necessarily available everywhere, especially in rural areas. As of 30 June 2020,\nrefugees with disabilities are not entitled to the invalidity cards enjoyed by nationals who, with these\ncards, can benefit from discounts on public transport, schools and health facilities. Data and exact numbers\nfor refugees and/or nationals with specific needs that have received assistance through government\nservices are not known.\n\n\nThere is currently no overarching framework in place for dialogue between the government and\ninternational partners with a view to gradually aligning external aid and social protection systems and\nsupport for refugees and host community members with specific needs, in terms of coverage, targeting\nand levels of benefits.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe broad formulation of Article 9 of [Law No 2005/006 of 27 July 2005 on the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44eb242e4.pdf) provides\nchildren, including unaccompanied and separated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking in\npersons, survivors of gender-based violence and other refugee groups with specific needs, with formal\naccess to Government-provided care and protection systems in a manner comparable to nationals in the\nsame situation. A range of national policies, standards and services are in place for the protection of\nnationals in the same situation as the above-mentioned refugee groups.\n\n\nAlthough the implementation of these policies is at times limited, refugees, including those with specific\nneeds, can access MINAS and MINPROFF services as mentioned in the previous section. Services are\noften limited due to insufficient capacities and are not available everywhere, particularly in rural regions.\nFor instance, refugee GBV survivors in the main cities can approach centres offering such services and\nbenefit from counselling and psychosocial support but, like nationals, cannot benefit from proper case\nmanagement services as the latter are not in place. Child protection services are already limited for\nCameroonian children due to insufficient financial and human resources and there is consequently no\ncapacity for providing case management services for refugee children. These services are however\nincluded in prevention and response activities implemented by UNHCR and other partners across\nCameroon. In some instances, MINAS has provided support to identify appropriate alternative care for\nunaccompanied children, particularly in institutions. However, they do not have family-based care\nprogrammes.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender considerations can generally be improved in all policy sub-dimensions. The five priority areas\nmost consequential in terms of socioeconomic development include:\n\n\ni. **Social cohesion**, focusing on the participation of women in community-based leadership structures in\n\na meaningful manner beyond their formal inclusion;\n\n\nii. **Protection for vulnerable groups**, addressing the limited provision of appropriate services by national\n\nauthorities and access to quality services;\n\n\niii. **Education**, mitigating the risks of drop-out linked to discrimination and early marriage;\n\n\niv. **Housing**, land and property rights, focusing on power imbalance and discrimination;\n\n\nv. **Right to work and rights at work**, addressing risks of exploitation by employers and refugees\u2019 often\n\ndifficult socioeconomic situations, which increase the risk of taking dangerous jobs and having recourse\nto harmful practices such as survival sex.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nConsiderations of refugees\u2019 distinct characteristics can generally be improved in all policy sub-dimensions.\nThe three priority areas most consequential in terms of socioeconomic development are:\n\n\ni. **Civil registration and documentation,** addressing barriers to civil status documentation for vulnerable\n\nrefugees and those living in poor, remote communities far from civil status centres, ensuring access for\nschool-age children without birth certificates to facilitate the continuity of schooling and supporting\ngovernment to issue refugee identity documents.;\n\n\nii. **Right to work and rights at work**, addressing refugee perceptions of discrimination in employment\n\nand livelihoods due to status, gender, nationality and particularly the lack of government-issued\nrefugee identity documents; and\n\n\niii. **Social protection**, supporting inclusion in national social protection schemes and the national social\n\nregistry for targeted support to refugees with specific needs.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(Ratification date: 23 Oct 1961)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)]\n\n[1]\n## \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Part II, Articles 22-24 (labour inspection in commerce).\n\n\n16 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C A M E R O O N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d37703ff-bbf8-3a75-82ed-1a6d377db343/Cameroon%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_29/raw/doc_29_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_29/raw/doc_29_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 15074c1a4c63bf423cdcda8ba503d0d09a01258c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_29/raw/doc_29_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Note d\u2019information sur les enl\u00e8vements/recrutements**\n**forc\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel \u2013 Cas du Mali**\n\n\n_El\u00e9ments d\u2019analyse en vue de l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une note de_\n_plaidoyer par le Groupe de Travail R\u00e9gional de Protection_\n\n\n**Contexte**\n\nLa **rivalit\u00e9 entre les groupes arm\u00e9s JNIM et EIGS** a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9merger en f\u00e9vrier 2020 lorsque\ncertains membres du JNIM ont annonc\u00e9 leur adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019EIGS (\u00e0 Nampala, dans le centre du Mali). Les\naffrontements entre les deux groupes arm\u00e9s se sont intensifi\u00e9s pendant le mois d\u2019avril. Les combats se\nsont depuis \u00e9tendus aux r\u00e9gions autour de Gao, Tombouctou, S\u00e9gou, Mopti, et la zone frontali\u00e8re de\nLiptako-Gourma. Cette rivalit\u00e9 pour le contr\u00f4le des ressources et du territoire est susceptible de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer\nde la recherche de nouvelles recrues mais \u00e9galement des revenus suppl\u00e9mentaires, augmentant les\nrisques d'enl\u00e8vement contre ran\u00e7on pour les personnes civiles mais \u00e9galement les personnalit\u00e9s\npolitiques dans les zones isol\u00e9es [1. ]\n\nLes **checkpoints mis en place par JNIM** sur la route entre Gao et Tillaberi (r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 l\u2019EIGS a\ntraditionnellement une forte pr\u00e9sence), repr\u00e9sente aussi une nouvelle dynamique dans la rivalit\u00e9 entre\nles deux groupes et dans la compr\u00e9hension des conflits au Mali. L\u2019objectif de la mise en place de ces\ncheckpoints est le contr\u00f4le sur les v\u00e9hicules de fret, en particulier l\u2019essence, afin d\u2019amoindrir les\nressources et capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019EIGS.\n\nAu premier trimestre de 2020, le monitoring de protection not\u00e9 **une augmentation des attaques de**\n**village** **[2]** dans le Centre du Mali avec une composante communautaire, et des caract\u00e9ristiques souvent\nidentiques [3] :\n\n - Recrudescence des attaques sur les villages dogons et peuls, avec un cycle de repr\u00e9sailles ;\n\n - Prof\u00e9ration de menace contre la population civile (menace d\u2019attaque de village, demande de\npayer la zakat et menace en cas de collaboration avec les FDS) qui cause des d\u00e9placements\npr\u00e9ventifs ;\n\n - Ciblage d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des moyens de subsistance (r\u00e9coltes et champs br\u00fbl\u00e9es, b\u00e9tail vol\u00e9) pour cr\u00e9er\ndes d\u00e9placements ;\n\n - Nombre important de pertes de vies humaines (souvent > 10 personnes) ;\n\n - Ciblage particulier sur les cercles de Bankass, Koro, Bandiagara (= zone exond\u00e9e) ;\n\n - Mouvement de population en augmentation suite aux attaques de village ou aux menaces\nd\u2019attaque de village ;\n\n - Nouvelle tendance des violences intra-communautaires, signifiant un d\u00e9calage des lignes de\nconflit (attaque de l\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense dogon sur un village dogon causant la mort de 5 personnes) ;\n\n - Ciblage r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 des m\u00eames villages.\n\n**Incident de protection : Enl\u00e8vements et recrutements forc\u00e9s**\n\n\nPendant le premier trimestre (Janvier \u2013 Mars 2020), le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection au Mali a\nenregistr\u00e9 57 violations du type enl\u00e8vements/pris d\u2019otage/disparitions forc\u00e9. Cela constitue une\naugmentation nette compar\u00e9e avec le premier trimestre 2019, o\u00f9 seulement 20 enl\u00e8vements avaient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. 95% des personnes affect\u00e9 par les enl\u00e8vements au premier trimestre de 2020 (54) sont\n\n\n1 Escalating fighting between jihadist groups in Mali increases risks to individuals, cargo disruption in six-month outlook, Corinne\nArcher, Publication: Jane's Intelligence Weekly, 20 May 2020\n2 Le monitoring de protection a rapport\u00e9 141 alertes flash (dont 98 dans les r\u00e9gions de Mopti et S\u00e9gou) entre le mois de f\u00e9vrier\net le mois d\u2019avril. Ceci inclut : 84 attaques des villages (dont Mopti 72 / S\u00e9gou 3) ; 25 menaces d\u2019attaque de village (dont Mopti\n13 / S\u00e9gou 8) ;51 de mouvements de population.\n3 Cluster Protection Mali, _Note de plaidoyer, Attaques contre la population civile dans la r\u00e9gion du Centre (janvier - avril 2020),_\ndisponible ici : [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mali/protection](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mali/protection)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0977a327-3e72-3595-89f3-04a0d6a24e09/2020_05_-_cp_mali_-_note_dinformation_sur_les_enlevements_et_recrutements_forces.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "des hommes. 51% des enl\u00e8vements au premier trimestre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti (29),\nsuite par S\u00e9gou 28% (16) et Tombouctou 12% (7). En 2020, 4 enl\u00e8vements ont eu lieu au mois de janvier,\n19 au f\u00e9vrier et 34 au mars.\n\n\n\u2794 L\u2019augmentation pendant le mois de mars est d\u00fb au fait que les GANE utilisent les menaces et\n\nles enl\u00e8vements comme tactique pour d\u00e9stabiliser le processus \u00e9lectoral (\u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives\nqui ont eu lieu le 29.03 / deuxi\u00e8me tour le 14.04). Les GANE ont cibl\u00e9 surtout **les figures**\n**politiques** . Ce sch\u00e9ma a pu \u00eatre observ\u00e9 surtout \u00e0 Tombouctou o\u00f9 plus de 20 personnes\n(d\u00e9l\u00e9gations politiques, pr\u00e9fets, chef de village, agents humanitaires) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s entre\njanvier et avril (NB : ces incidents n\u2019ont malheureusement pas tous \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par le\nsyst\u00e8me de monitoring, mais les informations sont parvenues au Cluster Protection via diverses\nsources). L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement le plus saillant a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement du chef de l\u2019opposition parlementaire\nSoumaila Cisse (URD). Il reste en captivit\u00e9 depuis plus que 60 jours.\n\n\u2794 En comparaison avec la situation a Diffa, il est difficile de produire une analyse qui tendrait \u00e0\n\ndire que rattacher les enl\u00e8vements observ\u00e9s au Mali que les GANE ciblent et enl\u00e8vent surtout\ndes personnes ayant une position sociale privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e et disposant d\u2019un certain pouvoir d\u2019achat\npour demander une ran\u00e7on. Toutefois, il est possible d\u2019avancer que les personnes victimes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement sont dot\u00e9es d\u2019une certaine capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 influencer les comportements au sein de\nleurs communaut\u00e9s respectives. Au mois de mars, **une diversit\u00e9 de** **victimes** (34 au total) a \u00e9t\u00e9\naffect\u00e9e par des enl\u00e8vements (2 leaders communautaires, 2 leaders religieux, 8 commer\u00e7ants, 6\nagriculteurs, 4 chauffeurs, 3 \u00e9leveurs, 1 \u00e9tudiant, 4 personnes sans occupation, 2 travailleurs\nhumanitaires, 1 agent d\u2019Etat, 1 autre).\n\n\u2794 Les GANE ont \u00e9galement cibl\u00e9 **des personnes suspect\u00e9es proches ou appartenant aux forces**\n\n**de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9**, accus\u00e9es de complicit\u00e9. Les enl\u00e8vements sont la plupart du temps\neffectu\u00e9s afin d\u2019asseoir l\u2019influence des GANE aupr\u00e8s des communaut\u00e9s, et de faire passer un\nmessage de menaces dirig\u00e9es vers des communaut\u00e9s qui seraient enclines \u00e0 un rattachement\n\u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat/suspect\u00e9es d\u2019\u00eatre proches des FAMAs et autres forces arm\u00e9es ou\nirrespectueuses des r\u00e8gles (de vie) \u00e9dict\u00e9es par les GANE.\n\n\nLe **mode op\u00e9ratoire** et **l\u2019objectif affich\u00e9** des enl\u00e8vements semble \u00eatre diff\u00e8rent entre le nord et le\ncentre du Mali.\n\n - A Gao, les enl\u00e8vements sont surtout attribu\u00e9s aux activit\u00e9s criminelles (connect\u00e9s avec le trafic\ndu drogue) sans objectif id\u00e9ologique.\n\n - A Tombouctou, des chantages et enl\u00e8vements de commer\u00e7ants ou \u00e9lus locaux (personnes avec\nun profil socio-\u00e9conomique \u00e9lev\u00e9) avec demande de ran\u00e7on a la famille ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s.\n\n - Une telle tendance n'a pas pu \u00eatre observ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, ou les enl\u00e8vements sont\ndes objets de menaces contre la population suspect\u00e9es d\u2019\u00eatre proche des FSD ou qui ne\nrespecteraient pas l\u2019id\u00e9ologie des GANE.\n\n\nEn vue de fournir une analyse \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e il est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire de faire le lien avec **les all\u00e9gations**\n**d\u2019exactions commises par les forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9** . La Division droits de l\u2019homme de la\nMINUSMA a ainsi not\u00e9 une multiplication des ex\u00e9cutions extrajudiciaires (101 victimes), 32 cas de\ndisparitions forc\u00e9es et 32 cas de torture ou traitement cruel inhumain ou d\u00e9gradant et 116 arrestations\narbitraires imputables aux FDSM sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national [4] .\n\n\n[4 MINUSMA Human Rights Division, https://minusma.unmissions.org/rapports.](https://minusma.unmissions.org/rapports)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0977a327-3e72-3595-89f3-04a0d6a24e09/2020_05_-_cp_mali_-_note_dinformation_sur_les_enlevements_et_recrutements_forces.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Selon les donn\u00e9es fournies par le MRM/UNICEF, on note \u00e9galement pour le premier trimestre de l'ann\u00e9e\n2020, une forte augmentation concernant **les cas de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants par les**\n**forces et groupes arm\u00e9s** ; \u00e0 savoir 159 enfants (131 gar\u00e7ons et 28 filles) par rapport \u00e0 77 enfants pour\nle dernier trimestre de 2019 [5] . Les recrutements et utilisation d\u2019enfants ont lieu particuli\u00e8rement dans les\nr\u00e9gions de Gao (119), Kidal (20), S\u00e9gou (12), Tombouctou (4), Mopti (4). On note \u00e9galement une\naugmentation **des enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants**, \u00e0 savoir 12 enfants (6 gar\u00e7ons et 6 filles) pour le premier\ntrimestre 2020, par rapport \u00e0 4 enfants pour le dernier trimestre de 2019. Les enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfant ont\nlieu principalement dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao (2), Tombouctou (4), Mopti (6).\n\n\n**R\u00e9ponse des acteurs de protection**\n\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse de protection reste relativement limit\u00e9e en raison des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans\ncertaines zones, ainsi que de la capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite des acteurs de protection pour la prise en charge (faible\nfinancement et absence de services de base). Les acteurs en charge du monitoring de protection\napportent un appui psychosocial (AMSS, UNHCR, DRC) aux victimes de violations. Une sensibilisation\nsur les risques de protection et les m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention accompagnent \u00e9galement le projet de\nmonitoring de protection. Pour les enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes armes (EAFGA), les partenaires\nde la protection de l\u2019enfance travaillent \u00e9troitement avec le CICR pour le r\u00e9tablissement des liens\nfamiliaux. Par ailleurs, ils assurent \u00e9galement le suivi, la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique, et la prise en\ncharge holistique transitoire (appui m\u00e9dical, psychosocial, activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives et \u00e9ducatives) dans les\ncentres de transit et orientation pour les enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Recommandations**\n\n\n - Renforcer la coordination des donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection au niveau r\u00e9gional afin de\ncompl\u00e9ter et affiner l\u2019analyse entre les trois pays ; et particuli\u00e8rement pour les dynamiques dans\nla zone des trois fronti\u00e8res (Liptako-Gourma).\n\n - Adopter un plaidoyer et des messages communs afin de permettre aux Equipes Humanitaires\nPays du Mali, Niger et Burkina Faso d\u2019assurer un leadership et un \u00ab plaidoyer bas\u00e9 sur le droit \u00bb\nafin de pr\u00e9venir et faire stopper les violations majeures des droits humains.\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse des acteurs de protection, notamment pour assurer la prise\nen charge des victimes de violations des droits en termes de sensibilisation, appui psychosocial\net prise en charge via des services holistiques.\n\n - Garantir le r\u00e9tablissement de la pr\u00e9sence des autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques, des services sociaux de base\net de l\u2019Etat de droit permettant ainsi de pr\u00e9venir et lutter contre les violations et atteintes\nr\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, a la dignit\u00e9 et aux droits des personnes civiles (notamment la menace\ndes enl\u00e8vements et recrutements forc\u00e9s) qui pourraient encore se multiplier en raison de\nl\u2019intensification des affrontements entre JNIM et EIGS au Mali.\n\n\n5 Parmi les 159 enfants, 73 font partie des cas d\u00e9j\u00e0 rapport\u00e9s fin 2019 (mais _unverified_ ). 66 sont en cours de documentation par\n\nla MINUSMA.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0977a327-3e72-3595-89f3-04a0d6a24e09/2020_05_-_cp_mali_-_note_dinformation_sur_les_enlevements_et_recrutements_forces.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_290/raw/doc_290_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_290/raw/doc_290_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f90a930681a8953ce0efe7f9f355b592cb0378a6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_290/raw/doc_290_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": ".......................................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\n.......................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n.................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n...................................................... 3\n\n\n...................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n....................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n........................................................................................................................................ 4\n\n\n.......................................................................................................................... 5\n\n\n............................................................................................................... 5\n\n\n......................................................................................................................... 5\n\n\n................................................................................................ 7\n\n\n.................................................................................................................. 8\n\n\n.................... 10\n\n\n.................................................................................................... 10\n\n\n........................................................ 11\n\n\n.............................................................................................................................................................. 11\n\n\n........................................................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n........................................................................ 12\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# | NIGERIA\n\n9 Udo Udoma Street\n\n\nAsokoro - Abuja, Nigeria\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/ng\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.org/ng | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9f63c01-c731-3ef4-a1cb-332b8ce3f89a/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20GBV%20Report%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_291/raw/doc_291_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_291/raw/doc_291_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7c287a73fbd9d8961c5fe13f1541ea2748eed002..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_291/raw/doc_291_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,413 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CAMEROONIAN** **REFUGEES SITUATION** **SGBV REPORT**\n\n#### **JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020**\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n##### **Table of Contents**\n\n\nOperational Context ....................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nSGBV - Key Achievements ............................................................................................................ 3\n\n\nBreakdown of SGBV cases per state ........................................................................................... 4\n\n\nIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) ................................................................................................... 7\n\n\nChild Survivors ................................................................................................................................ 7\n\n\nSGBV Trend January to June ........................................................................................................ 7\n\n\nAlleged perpetrators ...................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nMulti-sectoral support services ..................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nPrevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) ............................................................. 11\n\n\nMulti-Sectoral Coordinated Activities ......................................................................................... 11\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n###### **ACRONYM | DEFINITION**\n\n\n**CBI** - Cash Based Intervention\n**CBO** - Community Based Organization\n**CCCM** - Camp Coordination Camp Management\n**CPC** - Child Protection Committee\n**DV** - Domestic Violence\n**FHH** - Female Headed Household\n**FJDP** - Foundation For Justice, Development and Peace\n**GBVMIS** - Gender Based Violence Information Management System\n**GCR** - Global Compact for Refugee\n**GRD** - Gender Reporting Desk\n**ICM** - Information Case Management\n**IEC** - Information Education and Communication\n**IPV** - Intimate Partner Violence\n**JRS** - Jesuit Refugee Service\n**LGA** - Local Government Area\n**LNGO** - Local Non-Governmental Organization\n**MoWA** - Ministry of Women Affairs\n**NCFRMI** - Nigeria Commission for Refugee Migration Internally Displaced\n**NGO** - Non-Governmental Organization\n**NRCS** - Nigeria Red Cross Society\n**PAG** - Protection Action Group\n**POC** - Persons of Concern\n**PWSN** - Persons with Specific Needs\n**SEMA** - State Emergency Management Authority\n**SGBV** - Sexual and Gender Based Violence\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV REPORT", - "confidence": 0.895501434803009, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8776962161064148, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.6928727030754089, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.888713002204895, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.5859286189079285, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\n**Operational Context**\nSexual and Gender Based Violence continue to remain a key protection concern in the Cameroonian operation\nwhich holds **58,415** refugees as at end of June with children making up to **52%** while adult men and women\naccounted for **45%** and elderly **3%** of the total population. Out of the total population it should be noted\nthat host communities registered the highest population of **54%** while refugees in the settlements were\n**46%** . Since 2019, UNHCR, government line ministries and its protection implementing partners have\nincreased efforts to address issues of SGBV across the three states of Cross River, Benue and Taraba. The\nmid-year report indicates the increased efforts of access to service provision among survivors of SGBV and\nthe capacity of documentation with an experience attempt in addressing the gaps in knowledge and\nunderstanding of how SGBV activities are being implemented among persons of concerns. As a result, UNHCR\nand its protection partners JRS, Caritas and FJDP have strengthened their capacity in prevention and\nresponse to SGBV through a coordinative approach with the Ministry of Women Affairs, Social Welfare\nDepartment, Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and the State Emergency Management Authority (SEMA).\n\n\nSGBV psychosocial support, health, safety and security, legal and socio-economic assistance\ncontinue to be main social protection services among survivors of SGBV.\n\n\n**83%** of the reported SGBV incidents are against women and girls living in the refugee\nsettlements that hosts **46%** of the refugees and 56% in the border host community.\n\n\n**52%** of minors, **45%** of adult men and women and **3%** of elderly are at risk of SGBV\n\n\nOnly **10%** of the registered population of persons of concern have received awareness on SGBV\nprevention and response.\n\n\n**45%** of the population at risk need socio-economic empowerment through livelihoods support,\nbusiness and other vocational skills training.\n\n\n**45%** of women and girls of reproductive age need dignity kit and other hygiene and domestic\nitems like cooking fuel.\n\n###### **SGBV - Key Achievements**\n\n**Strategic Objective:** Risks of SGBV reduced and Quality of Response Improved\n\n\nUNHCR continues to implement its global strategy of prevention, risk mitigation and response by ensuring\nthat a multi-sectoral approach through a coordinative effort is addressing all forms of violence in the\ncommunity.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, January - June, **255 (43 Male, 212 Female)** cases were identified through\npartners, self-referral, community leaders, home visits, CBO through SGBV information, and case\nmanagement process and referred for documentation. Furthermore, SGBV survivors were referred to\ngovernment facilities and other service providers for health, security, legal and psychosocial support.\n\n###### **Breakdown of SGBV cases per state**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBenue state had the highest number of reported incidents for\nadult female and children below the age of 18 years (3 -17)\nrepresenting **57%** and **35%** respectively as it is depicted in\nthe pie chart. Male survivors on the other hand recorded **8%**\nout of the overall incidents referred and documented in the\nGBVMIS. Over **90%** of the incidents were referred by\nCommunity support structures of women support groups and\ncommunity volunteers working within the settlement areas\nand surrounding host communities of Bwakekya, Abande,\nEtukase, Ugugu in Benue state. Other referrals were from\nSEMA and women development officer.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nabuse and physical assault were reported at\n\nassault, rape and denial of resources at 4%.\n\nassault were mainly as a result of\nmisunderstanding and distress caused by IPV in\nmost cases former or current partner or partners\nwho have stayed with survivors for over six\n\nthe survivors. Other contributing factors included\npoor communication and lack of or limited proper conflict management skills among couples which in most\ncases resulted to infidelity hence leading to fights and threats in the survivor\u2019s or perpetrators home.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUnlike other related patriarchal and gender inequalities that are root\ncauses of child and forced marriage in most communities, hardship\nduring COVID -19 pandemic leading to lack of socio-economic\nsupport and poor community support system mainly contributed to\nincreased incidents of child and forced marriage among adolescent\nbetween **14 \u2013 17** years. Poor parental care and responsibilities\nplayed a major role exposing many young adolescent girls and boys\nwith minimal guidance leading to increased risk in SGBV. With\nincreased cases of teen related pregnancies being contributed by\npeer pressure, idleness as a result of lockdown and closure of schools.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nReported incidents of sexual assault and rape mainly occurred in the evening and during night hours when\nsurvivors are unaware of the ambush by the unknown perpetrators. With only **4%** being reported, the\nunderreporting is mainly contributed by social stigma, general fear of retaliation from perpetrator and family\nmembers, shame and self-pity and culture of seeing rape as a normal thing and ways community have been\nsocialized. With majority of rape cases happening in perpetrators home and during evening or night hours,\nthis delays the response as most of the survivors will only prefer to wait until daytime to report such incidents\namong the trusted individuals. Other related challenges in reporting is lack of network and communication\ngadgets to make calls for quick actions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn Cross River state, **74%** of the cases reported were for\nfemale, **16%** male and **10%** children between **0-17** years.\nWith majority of the incidents being reported in Adagom,\nAdagom III and Ukende settlements while very few cases\nreported from urban municipalities of Calabar, and surrounding\ncommunities of Boki, Obnliku, Ikom and Utanga.\n\nFrom the cases reported **89%** were from the settlements and\n**11%** from the border host communities. Among those reported,\n\n**51%**\n\nwere\n\n\n\nfrom\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAdagom, **23%** from Adagom III and **15%** from\n\n**1%** Ikom, **1%** Utanga and **1%** from urban setting\nof Calabar municipality. From the analysis, Adagom\n\nhigh population of refugee hosted in the location and\nease access to service provision and increased level\nof awareness on SGBV prevention. Under reporting\n\nservice provision during lockdown mainly\ncontributed to low reporting in urban setting of\nCalabar and host communities.\nFrom the reported incidents, it should be noted that\nthe physical assault, psychological and emotional\nabuse were the most reported incidents at 38% and\n**33%** respectively. These were cases mainly\nreported by women with most perpetrators being intimate partners, family and close relatives, neighbors and\nfriends.\nThe incidents of psychological and emotional abuse were mainly caused by verbal abuse, lack of responsibility\nat home and cheating. Escalating conflicts over the cheating between spouses and lack of respect led to\nincidences of physical assault at home. Denial of resources, opportunities and services were mainly caused\nby unpaid family bills which include provision of basic needs, denied rights for financial responsibility and\ndecision-making and lack of responsibility in taking care of basic family needs. **7%** of the sexual assault and\n**3%** of the rape cases indicated lowest percentage with majority of the cases related to minors and women\nin the community.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5472665429115295, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Reported incidents of sexual assault and rape", - "confidence": 0.8418358564376831, - "start": 9, - "end": 16 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7536154985427856, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cross River state", - "confidence": 0.5350520610809326, - "start": 147, - "end": 150 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5561586618423462, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.6862276196479797, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported incidents", - "confidence": 0.837198793888092, - "start": 363, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nSGBV incidents are mainly perpetrated by men, rape and sexual assault cases occurred mainly at night or\nevening with few cases occurring during the day when child survivors are left alone or under care of neighbors\nand relatives. The low reporting does not indicate lack of incidents in the community, but mainly due to fear\nof being stigmatized and discriminated by community members and fear of retaliation. Other related\nchallenges are; sudden disappearance of perpetrators and the pre-existing gender inequalities and power\nimbalances that leave majority of the survivors vulnerable due to influential community elders who\nalternatively demand SGBV cases to be solved at home with fines subjected to the perpetrators without due\nlegal process.\n\n\nWith only **11%** of the reported cases from the host community, majority of the cases are underreported\ndue to limited service provision in the border host community, long distance to and from service location\npoint, challenges with human resource, delayed response due to lack of network and communication gadgets.\nOther related concerns are mainly associated with insecurities and remoteness.\n\n\n\n**Taraba State**\n\n\n\n\n\nSGBV services in Taraba state are provided by the UNHCR\nimplementing partner JRS in coordination with LEMA and\nMoWA with service provision delivered to the integrated\ncommunities in the border locations with Cameroon. With\nhigh number of women and children registered during two\ncycle of influx, increased level of vulnerability with\ncontributing factors being lack of community support system\nexposes more women and girls into further harm and\nviolence. During the reporting period **57%** of cases were\nwomen, **29%** men and **14%** minors **(0-17)** . Reported\ncases were mainly from the communities of Takum,\nYerimaru, Warkaka, Lip, Inkiri and Antere.\n\n\n\n**36%** of the cases were of Denial of resources, opportunities\n\nbasic needs and gender inequalities that confined women\n\nsupport. With loss of jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic,\n\nsupport system contributed to quarrels in the home among\nintimate partners which mainly resulted to psychological and\n\nthe lack of provision of family bills to which one partner opt\n\nthe other partner is left burdened with childcare and other\nhousehold responsibilities without resources. **7%** of the rape cases perpetrated against women headed\nhouseholds who lacked security in their homes and while fetching for firewood. Other **7%** of causes related\nto sexual exploitation mainly occurred among young women exposed to negative coping mechanisms as a\nresult of insufficient basic needs and inaccessible service provision during the pandemic.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOut of **255 (43 Male, 212 Female)** SGBV cases reported\nIPV cases were at **46%** mainly related to the immense\nlockdown and coupled with psychological stress, burdened\neconomic situation, crowded homes and lack of community\nsupport system. For instance, poor communication and lack\nof conflict management skills resulted into physical assault,\nother contributing factors were mainly distress due to\ncheating of one partner and poor management of finances\nin the homes that drove couples into fighting contributing to\npsychological torture. The existing everyday challenges and\nlack of community support system in many homes also\nescalated into violence with couples fighting over the little\navailable resources in the homes.\n\n\n###### **Child Survivors**\n\n\n\nFrom January to June, **13%** of the violence committed were\ndirected towards children age **0-17**, main perpetrators\n\nabuse were of sexual assault, defilement, child marriage and\nphysical assault. The psychological distress among minors\nwere mainly associated with teen pregnancies resulting from\n\npeer pressure. Cases of child marriage accounted for **4%** of\nthe reported incidents directed towards young girls. As\nmentioned earlier, the cultural norms and socio-economic\nconstraints especially during lockdown period largely led to\nincidents of child and forced marriage. Other contributing\nfactors involved lack of support system among child headed\nhouseholds which leaves many girls more vulnerable. Boys\non the other hand only accounted for **1%** with reported incidents of physical abuse.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### **SGBV Trend January to June**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE\n\nFrom the trend, high number of incidents were reported in the months of April, and June. This is due to\nCOVID -19 pandemic and related restrictions placed in Nigeria since March. However, the reported figure\nmight not represent the actual situation because of case workers, partners and UNHCR working remotely\nduring the month of March that led to majority of cases going underreported. However, increased level of\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nengagement with support groups, monitors and community volunteers increased the level of awareness,\nfollow up and referral leading contributing to the increase in reporting of cases in the following months as\nindicated in the trend.\n\n###### **Alleged perpetrators**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n - In Cross River State, majority of the perpetrators were men representing **72%** and **24%** female\nwith male and female perpetrators accounting for **4%** . With increased cases of physical assault, rape\nand sexual assault being perpetrated by men; on the other hand, cases of denial of resources and\npsychological and emotional abuse were mainly perpetrated by female with a few cases perpetrated\nby both male and female.\n\n - In Taraba state, perpetrators of violence in the community were mainly male at **71%** from the host\ncommunity. With main forms of violence perpetrated inform of rape, sexual assault, physical assault\nand exploitation. Female on the other hand also accounted for **29%** of perpetrators mainly accused\nof psychological and emotional abuse and denial of resources.\n\n\n - In Benue state, male and female accounted for **50%** each as perpetrators of different forms of\nviolence in the community. However, cases related to child and forced marriage, rape, sexual assault,\nphysical assault and denial of resources and services mainly perpetrated by male; female perpetrators\nalso played a role in the abuse of power through psychological and emotional abuse, physical assault\nand denial of resources.\n\n###### **Multi-sectoral support services**\n\nThrough a strengthened coordination and referral pathway,\n\nthrough safety and security, material support, health,\n\nof the cases including physical assault, IPV and denial of\n\nsleeping materials. **20%** of the health care support was\n\nof the survivors received counseling support services.\n\nReferrals and linkages to livelihoods support was received\nwith at least **8%** of the referrals benefiting from the services of poultry, tailoring and agricultural farming\nfrom Iykogen, Adagom and Ukende settlements. In the long-term, the socio-economic intervention creates\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nindependency that enables survivors to be more self-sufficient and self-reliant. The empowerment process,\npaves way for freedom to make informed choices and decisions that affects them in life.\n\nFurthermore, the empowerment process acts as psychosocial support and creates opportunities for the\nsurvivors to speak up and break the silence among those trapped in abusive situation and opportunity to be\nfinancially stable which ease their economic burden. **5%** of the cases were referred for shelter support with\nonly **3%** of the reported incidents benefiting from available legal interventions.\n\n\nPerformance indicator: # of reported SGBV incidents which survivors received legal assistance\n\n\n**3%** of SGBV reported cases received legal support services from January \u2013 June with support from protection\npartners in coordination with the National Police Service and Women Development and Social Welfare\ndepartment in Ogoja Local Government.\n\n\nHowever, legal interventions and access to justice continue to face challenges related to community\u2019s\nattitude, survivors withdrawing cases, fear of reporting, threats from perpetrators, family members disrupting\nthe legal process, family relationship with perpetrator and the perceptions that the perpetrators will change\nwith time. This led to some of the cases being dropped through the legal intervention process with only **1**\npending conviction in court during this reporting period.\n\n\nUNHCR and protection partners continue to coordinate with the government line Ministries and the law\nenforcement department in strengthening the legal system. This will enhance accountability and\napprehending the perpetrators as well as continued awareness and referral of cases for legal advice and\naction by the Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development and Social Welfare Department with support\nfrom partner\u2019s Legal Officer.\n\n\nTo strengthen the police system and ensure access to justice is optimum, protection partners, JRS, CARITAS\nand FJDP with support of UNHCR, have established **4** Gender Reporting Desks in **Takum, Gembu, Ussa**\nand **Kurmi** ; **1** in **Ogoja** and **1** in **Kwande** Local Government Authorities locations. Ongoing sensitization on\nSGBV response through reporting at the GRD to support and strengthen SGBV response and ensure\ncommunity members are empowered on where and how to report cases of SGBV at the police stations which\nwill also support in strengthening access to justice.\n\n\nDuring this reporting period, **23** government officials were trained among them **6** were from the police force\nwhich accounted for **7%** of the Law enforcers trained from Kwande and Ogoja LGA have been trained on\nPSEA, SGBV prevention and response.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9722351431846619, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7308700084686279, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7095919251441956, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.8078573346138, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\nPerformance indicator: # of awareness raising campaigns on SGBV prevention and response\nconducted\n\n**85 awareness sessions were** conducted on SGBV\nprevention and response; awareness on IPV, SEA and\nreferral mechanisms in the integrated community of\nOgoja, Kwande, Takum and Gembu LGA whereby **5,660**\n**(2,438** **Male** **and** **3,222** **Female)** **refugees**\n**participated.**\n\n\n**18 FGDs** have been conducted with **274 (91M,183F)**\n**refugees** through participatory session and information\nsharing on SGBV, PSEA, survival sex and Child protection.\nThe FGDs conducted played an informative role in\nacknowledging the level of vulnerability faced by women,\nmen, boys and girls in the community and action\ncommunity members take in preventing and responding to all forms of violence. Sharing existing challenges\nand their specific needs for further action and support.\n\n\nThrough production of IEC materials UNHCR and partners have supported prevention of SGBV in the\ncommunity. Banners, stickers and leaflets were produced during this reporting period to promote awareness\non SGBV and SEA.\n\n\nHowever, awareness raising campaigns in hard to reach areas remains to be a major challenge especially to\npersons of concerns living in border host communities and in remote locations where service provision is\nscarce.\n\n\nIt should be noted that the awareness sessions conducted has to some extent, reduced protection risks\nrelated to SGBV evident from increased number of cases being reported, information sharing, feedback and\ncomplains mechanism put in place compared to the year 2019. This is also coupled with peaceful co-existence\nin the community; continued engagement of community structures and CBO engagement in fighting all forms\nof violence in the community.\n\n\nPerformance indicator: # of community-based committees/group working on SGBV prevention\nand response\n\n\nThe Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, SEMA, UNHCR and implementing partners through\na strengthened Community Based Protection, during this reporting period engaged **20 Community**\n**structures** among them SGBV support groups, Child Protection Committee, community volunteers,\nProtection Action Group (PAGs), Youth Action groups, Women support groups, community volunteers,\nprotection and border monitors comprising of **764 (338M, 426F)** individuals through awareness on SGBV\nprevention and response, child protection and referral mechanisms.\n\n\nOther related awareness conducted by the support group committees on social protection include\nparticipation in forums on importance of education among girls and boys. The strategy to engage community\nstructures continues with GCR approach on enhancing peaceful co-existence among the refugees and host\ncommunity members.\n\n\nFrom January to June, at least 188(102, 86F) community structures have been trained on SGBV prevention\nand response with an aim of strengthening the CBP to ensure sustainability in addressing SGBV in the\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9880313873291016, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "awareness raising campaigns on SGBV prevention and response", - "confidence": 0.6377032995223999, - "start": 14, - "end": 22 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8232669830322266, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9177080988883972, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9089077711105347, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\ncommunity. Efforts to reach out to the entire groups was however been put on hold due to the ongoing\npandemic of COVID-19.\n\n###### **Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA)**\n\nThe Cameroonian refugee situation continue to\nexperience greater risks to exploitation of persons of\nconcerns. The existing challenges of socio-economic\nconstraints, presence of government officials,\nsecurity personnel, NGO, LNGO, CBO and other\ncontributing factors of the ongoing pandemic and\nliving in the integrated community and\nunderreporting among the affected population\ncontinue to put majority of the vulnerable groups\nrisk of being exploited either monetarily or sexually.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to advocate for Zero tolerance to\nSEA. Through capacity building, **133 (84M,49 F)** have been trained on PSEA, its consequences and\nprevention measures between January and June. Among those trained, at least **17%** were government\nofficials, **51%** implementing partners, **11%** UNHCR\u2019s general supporting staff and **21%** of security\npersonnel manding UNHCR premises.\n\n\nIncreased efforts are ongoing in ensuring partners are well informed on UNHCR\u2019s mandate in protecting\npersons of concern with key emphasis on the secretary general\u2019s bulletin on zero tolerance to SEA in the\nwork environment.\n\n###### **Multi-Sectoral Coordinated Activities**\n\nThree face to face CP-SGBV monthly coordination meeting was held twice whereby **47 (21M: 21F) SEMA,**\n**OLGA staff, UNHCR and partners, attended** . The meeting is facilitated by UNHCR and chaired by\nMinistry of Women Affairs and co-chaired by SEMA as a strategy to gradually making sure the SGBV\nprogramme is integrated into government available services. UNHCR and protection partners JRS, CARITAS\nand FJDP continue to take lead in in implementation. Other stakeholders include, **NCFRMI, Rhema Care,**\n**NRCS, FHI360, SCI, CUSO international and Mediatrix.**\n\n\nIn coordination with the Ministry of Women Affairs, SEMA, NCFRMI, Rhema Care and\nCARITAS.\n\n\nThe dignity kits assessment was conducted with women and girls of reproductive age\nwhereby six FGDs in Adagom, Adagom III and Ukende settlements. The assessment\naimed at informing the basic hygiene practice and constraints women and girls face when\naccessing basic needs including dignity kits materials. The discussion was also a platform\nto understand the quality, preference; and risks women and girls face related to other basic needs of WASH,\nsafety and security among other needs. In participation were Women aged 19 - 49 and girls aged 11-18\nyears.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to coordinate with partners in other location through continued assessment that will help\ninform and improve programming in provision of dignity kit materials.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION", - "confidence": 0.510191798210144, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8174341320991516, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6088883876800537, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n###### **Continuing gaps and challenges:**\n\n\n - Interventions for Cameroonian situation factored to combat SGBV have been overwhelming as\navailable resources across all sectors overstretched. The three states of Cross River, Benue and\nTaraba that currently host refugees are faced with increased need of socio-economic support,\nCore relief items, shelter needs, health, legal support, education and documentation among others\nwhich have been a major contributing factor to the increased incidences of SGBV and SEA among\npersons of concerns.\n\n - SGBV prevention and response activities have not been fully multi-layered to tackle the deep root\ncauses of SGBV in the Cameroon situation. Constraints in human, financial and material resources\nremain to compromise the immediate and long-term interventions to address issues of cultural\nnorms, inequalities, socio-economic constraints, mental health and psychosocial support which\nshould not only be limited to crisis management but focus on sustainability.\n\n - The advocacy and continued conversation on healing process among survivors of SGBV involves\ninterrogation on mental health and psychosocial support. The situation among Cameroon refugees\nis in dire need of key expertise in MHPSS that is a continued gap.\n\n - Only **10%** of the community have received awareness on SGBV prevention and response as at\nthe end of June. The continued needs calls for all stakeholders (UNHCR, implementing partners\nand government partners; NCFRMI, SEMA, Women Ministry and Social Welfare departments) to\neffectively ensure coordination and resource mobilization for continued awareness in the\ncommunity.\n\n - The increased presence of upcoming CBOs, LNGOs, law enforcement groups, community\nstructures, humanitarian workers and government partners, calls for continued capacity building\non PSEA, Code of Conduct and SGBV.\n\n - The emergency needs during covid-19, increased demand in having most of the resources\nchanneled into health and WASH response affecting the SGBV implementation process where\noutreach activities were highly affected. Increasing the capacity of community support structures\nand partner staff calls for more resources in order to reach out to larger population in the\ncommunity.\n\n - **83%** of the incidents reported were female. The notion and behavioral aspect that violence is a\nwoman\u2019s issue and that they are bearers of SGBV in the society needs to be put to end. Increased\nsupport and intervention through education and livelihoods for empowerment will help go a long\nway in preventing SGBV and achieving social development. This can only be attained through\ncontinued engagement with the CBOs, LNGOs, INGOs and government counterparts and line\nministries.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n\n\n**COMBATING SGBV DURING - COVID-19**\n\n\nIn line with the WHO guidelines the Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, SEMA, NCFRMI,\nUNHCR and protection partners have continued to put measures and best practices in place during the\npandemic. These best practices include;\n\n\n - Remote and face to face Case management process ongoing with UNHCR and protection\npartners.\n\n - Updated SGBV referral pathway shared with partners at the multi-sectoral level.\n\n - SGBV/PSEA Hotline numbers, e-referral form, WhatsApp groups, emails for communication and\ninformation sharing with community leaders, support groups and CBO group.\n\n - Capacity building of partners and government officials on CP-SGBV and PSEA prevention and\nresponse.\n\n - Strengthened coordination with Refugee led CBO through awareness raising and sensitization on\nchild protection and SGBV prevention and response, COVID awareness and distribution of face\nmasks and hand sanitizers.\n\n - Coordination with Protection partners on needs assessment and SGBV assessment among men,\nwomen, boys and girls in the community to gather information on community\u2019s coping mechanism\nduring the pandemic.\n\n - Prioritizing the needs of women and girls of reproductive age (11-49yrs) to ensure they have safe\naccess to life saving support of dignity kits.\n\n - Dissemination of information on SGBV, MHPSS and information related to COVID-19 to CBO and\nprotection partners for continued awareness and sensitization in the community.\n\n\n\u201cWe know COVID-19 is here with us, we the refugees are the most at risk because of how populated we\nare. Our livelihoods have been affected and many of the businesspeople have taken advantage of the\nsituation to exploit us by increasing prices of food and other commodities in the market. Transport have\nbene increased and we cannot move even if we want to. The only thing we can do is to ensure our\ncommunity members are well empowered of the situation and help prevent all these forms of violence\nfrom happening\u201d \u2026Voice of Community Leader, Adagom 1 Settlement, Cross River State.\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CAMEROONIAN REFUGEES SITUATION SGBV REPORT JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020\n# **CAMEROONIAN** **REFUGEES SITUATION** **SGBV REPORT**\n\n#### **JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020**\n\n\n9 Udo Udoma Street\n\n\nAsokoro - Abuja, Nigeria\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9701199531555176, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8962156176567078, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5595481991767883, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2020", - "confidence": 0.5125865340232849, - "start": 33, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/693ef5d1-029a-3ca7-9816-13c69798dc3b/Cameroonian%20Refugees%20Situation%20SGBV%20Mid-Year%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_292/raw/doc_292_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_292/raw/doc_292_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a0e355de57d8e596d07cd5eac2f2c5f608937f8a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_292/raw/doc_292_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,244 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Protection Sector Principled\n\n\n# Returns / Relocation Strategy in the Context\n\n\n# of Government-Led Camp Closures\n\n\n# of Government-Led\n\n\n## **March 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Table of Contents**\n\n**1. Context**\n\n\n**2. Purpose and Scope**\n\n**3. Protection Considerations**\n\n**4. Implementation of the Strategy**\n\n\n4.1 In Camps Before Relocation / Return / Closure\n\n4.1.1 Sharing of Information on Services in Areas of Return / Relocation\n4.1.2 Gathering Intentions Information and Identification of Families Unable to Return\n4.1.3 Support to Persons with Protection Concerns\n4.1.4 Departures Tracking on Relocation / Return Day\n4.1.5 Protection Monitoring During Camp Closure / Relocation Day\n\n4.2 Movement from Camps to Local Government Areas and Transit Points\n\n\n4.3 Reception of Relocated / Returned IDPs: arrival of buses/trucks where protection partners are\n\npresent\n\n4.4 Reception of relocated / returned IDPs: arrival of buses/trucks where protection partners are\n\nnot present\n\n4.5 Post Relocation / Return Monitoring\n\n4.5.1 Mapping of Available Specialized Cervices\n4.5.2 Community Based Protection\n4.5.3 Protection Monitoring and Assessment of Protection Responses\n4.5.4 Evaluation and Learning of Protection Interventions\n\n\n4.6 Protection Response\n\n\n**5. Roles and Responsibilities**\n\n\n**6. Annexes**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. Context**\n\nDespite the relative peace obtained in some towns across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States in\nNortheast Nigeria, the conflict continues with an estimated 2.2 million persons displaced. According to\nthe latest Displacement Tracking Matrix (round 46), **Borno State** currently hosts around 885,940 IDPs,\n**Adamawa State** hosts 18,772 IDPs and **Yobe State** hosts a total of 19,353 IDPs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Borno State|Adamawa State|Yobe State|\n|---|---|---|\n|**885,940**IDPs in

62 formal camps
154 informal camps|**18,772**IDPs in

3 formal camps
22 informal camps|**19,353**IDPs in

19 informal camps|\n\n\n\nThe agenda of the Borno State Government (BSG) to end displacement saw the closing of camps in\nMaiduguri in early 2023, as well as the announcement of plans to continue closing camps in the Local\nGovernment Areas (LGAs) and the informal camps within Maiduguri and Jere. Consequently, IDPs\nhave been relocated to LGA headquarters and towns, some of which are in areas that are hard or\nextremely hard for humanitarian partners to reach due to insecurity. In many of these return / relocation\nareas the population also face limited freedom of movement and access to basic services, most\nimportantly food and safe farming. On 20 January 2024, the BSG plan to close camps at the LGA level\nbegan with the closure of Ngala ISS Camp and the relocation of the population to Logumane\ncommunity. Reportedly 448 households were registered, out of which 408 were relocated. The process\nwas done without the involvement of the humanitarian actors in Ngala and with limited community\nparticipation and advance notice on date and time of the relocation, leading to some families being left\nbehind in the camps. With this relocation having taken effect within the first month of 2024, further camp\nclosures are anticipated in 2024 and beyond.\n\nThe Adamawa State Government\u2019s (ADSG) desire to end displacement started since 2018 with the\nannouncement of plans to consolidate camps in the LGAs and the informal camps within the Fufore,\nMubi, Yola South, Hong and Maiha LGAs. These camps provide temporary shelter, basic services, and\nhumanitarian assistance to displaced individuals and are managed by various relief agencies, including\nthe National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and the Nigerian Red Cross Society (NRCS).\nThe ADSG is currently planning the closure of the established camps in Adamawa State and the\ntransition of displaced individuals to more permanent housing solutions. The exact date of the camp\nclosure has not yet been announced.\n\nGiven that there are no formal camps in Yobe State, the closure of the informal camps is not on the\nState\u2019s agenda.\n\nIn order to support the government with principled, orderly, and smooth camp closures, it is imperative\nfor humanitarian partners to develop a strategy to address protection concerns and maintain continuous\nprotection services during and after camp closure.\n\n**2. Purpose and Scope**\n\n\nIn Northeast Nigeria, government camp closures are taking place in Borno State and plans are in place\nto close camps in Adamawa State. This Strategy serves as a guide for Protection Actors involved in\nproviding protection and assistance to the population residing in camps within Borno, Adamawa and\nYobe (BAY) States and focuses on ensuring protection standards are adhered to, based on best\npractices and IASC guidelines. The Strategy will guide Protection partners working with populations\naffected by the closure of camps and provide protection responses to those who have relocated and\nthose who opt to locally integrate.\n\nOther sectors or actors may refer to this Strategy to guide the implementation of their activities.\n\n\nTo ensure a consultative process, this operational Strategy aims to ensure that camp closures take into\nconsideration community participation and protection-sensitive solutions for the affected population.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9918622970581055, - "start": 43, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Borno State", - "confidence": 0.9360805153846741, - "start": 53, - "end": 55 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5965878367424011, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This Strategy takes into consideration reports received from key protection partners, which culminated\nin a Strategy Development Workshop held on 30 - 31 January 2024, in which 49 Protection and\nGovernment counterparts participated in Borno State and on 20 - 21 February consisting of 35\nProtection and Government actors in Adamawa State. Through group sessions, participants drafted the\ncontents of this Strategy.\n\n\nGiven the evolving protection environment in the Northeast, the Strategy is subject to review and\namendment, in consultation with the Protection Sector members. The Strategy may also be adapted for\nuse regarding the situation in Yobe State.\n\n**3. Protection Considerations** **[1]**\n\n\nProtection standards and considerations, including best practices, must be mainstreamed in camp\nclosure decisions and procedures. All activities should ensure that displaced persons can enjoy\nphysical, legal, and material security without discrimination.\n\n\nIn situations of abrupt camp closure, particular attention should be paid to designing protection-oriented\nactions and monitoring measures.\n\n\nProtection considerations during camp closure include:\n\n\n- **Voluntariness:** Return or relocation should be based on a free, fully informed, and voluntary\ndecision by IDPs and should be devoid of any form of coercion or influence. IDPs should not be\ninduced to return or relocate by indications of closing IDP camps and sites, withholding\nhumanitarian assistance, reducing humanitarian assistance, confiscation of documentation, or\nexpulsion / eviction from temporary accommodation or arbitrary arrest / detention. In the case that\nIDPs decide not to return and choose another durable solution, this should be respected, without\nnegative consequences. Throughout the relocation process as of 2022, the voluntary nature of\nrelocation and return in the BAY State has raised protection concerns. Displaced populations may\nbe vulnerable to outside manipulation and a lack of information and access to basic services.\n\n\n- **Meaningful participation:** IDPs must be consulted in the planning process and informed about the\nprocedures. The Government is urged to provide adequate information to IDPs prior to the return /\nrelocation to a specific area. Information on the conditions in the return area (e.g., security situation,\nstatus of infrastructure, availability of services), the overall return plan and the process of return\nshould be provided as early as possible prior to an actual movement. The information should include\nan explanation of the return procedures, any registration required, assistance provided upon return,\nas well as an explanation of the rights of IDPs. The provision of information will ensure IDPs are\nable to make an informed choice and have an opportunity to prepare for the movement.\n\n\n- **Organization of return / relocation:** Return / relocation movements should be well-organized and\nensure family unity is maintained at all times. Once returned, IDPs should be guaranteed freedom\nof movement to rebuild relationships and carry out livelihood activities to ensure the sustainability\nof the return process.\n\n- **Safety and dignity of return / relocation:** The core components of return in safety and dignity are\nconditions of physical, legal, and material safety.\n\n**Physical Safety:** The Government in collaboration with other relevant actors has the\nresponsibility to ensure that places of return / relocation are safe, including being free from any\nmilitary activities, free of mines and unexploded ordnance, and ensuring the physical safety of\nIDPs is provided for by State security forces. This includes villages and houses, access roads,\nand areas where the populations are known to conduct their livelihoods. Mine risk education\nshould be conducted for IDPs with a special focus on children\u2019s needs prior to any return\nmovement.\n\n\n1 Excerpt from the Camp Closure Guidelines 2014, Protection Considerations.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Legal Safety:** The Government has the responsibility to remove legal and administrative\nbarriers to return / relocation, as well as ensure legal systems comply with international human\nrights standards to enable returning / relocating individuals to exercise their basic civil, political,\nand economic rights without prejudice.\n**Material Safety** : Returning / relocating IDPs should have access to basic services and\navailable public utilities without discrimination. Material safety implies notably access in the\nearly phases of return / relocation to means of survival and basic services, such as potable\nwater, health services and education. For a durable return / relocation, measures should be\ntaken to favor sustainable reintegration. Voluntary return / relocation plans must take into\nconsideration absorption capacity to avoid potential competition for scarce resources among\nreturnees or between returnees and the community. Continued access to services for residual\npopulations should be ensured.\n\n- **Persons with specific needs** : Identification of key protection needs and risks for groups with\nspecific needs should be ensured. Such groups include unaccompanied and separated children,\nunaccompanied older persons, persons with disabilities, chronically ill persons, persons with mental\nhealth needs, unaccompanied women and child / single heads of households. Particular attention\nshould be paid to those unwilling or unable to choose to return. Moving groups of vulnerable\ncommunity members together along with their families / community groups should be considered\nto reduce protection and security risks, as well as the likelihood of separation and trafficking.\n\n- **Monitoring** : Protection monitoring and response is an integral part of the camp closure process,\nincluding during movement and arrival in areas of return / relocation; as the IDPs may become more\nvulnerable due to anxiety, fear, stress, and uncertainty. Monitoring is also key to ensure protection\nissues are identified and responded to, and to ensure targeted advocacy where needed.\n\n\n**4. Implementation of the Strategy**\n\n\n**4.1 In camps before relocation / return / closure:**\n\n\n - Advocate with and support the government to conduct a Return Intension Survey to understand\nthe intentions of the population to be relocated or returned. This could be done by protection\npartners or in coordination with other actors including CCCM, and in coordination with the\nGovernment. The tools should be standardized to incorporate protection questions.\n\n - Mapping of the existing community in each camp to understand which potential areas they may\nbe interested in returning / relocating to.\n\n - Establish a coordination mechanism on the return / relocation process.\n\n - Document individuals with ongoing protection needs that will require intervention upon\nrelocation / return and provision of support to such individuals.\n\n - Identify community workers / volunteers who will be relocated along with the population to\nsupport with communication and information sharing. At least 5 IDPs to act as key informants\nper camp should be found.\n\n - Update hotline and contact details of all partners involved in monitoring during camp closures.\n\n - Conduct capacity building for the focal points or a community-based protection structure to\nsustain protection monitoring.\n\n - Before the closure / relocation, draft key messages, so humanitarian staff can answer questions\nfrom the community. All humanitarian partners should be informed and receive the same\nmessages. Age-appropriate messages to be developed for children and child protection\npartners to target caregivers and children on best practices during the move to avoid family\nseparation with a discussion with UNICEF / ICRC or available CP partners on their protection\nof family links services and to anticipate such disruption.\n\n - Establish communication mechanisms to ensure consultation among the authorities, CCCM\nand other relevant stakeholders in each camp.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.1.1** **Sharing of information on services in areas of return / relocation**\n\n\n- To avoid spreading misinformation, humanitarian partners should NOT share information\nabout assistance or services in areas of return that are not confirmed. This should rather\nbe available through hotlines in case there is any emerging news.\n\n- A protection monitoring emergency questionnaire should be drafted as soon as possible\nfor KIs within the IDPs community to let protection partners know what the situation is like\nin return areas. This can be done along with community workers where possible.\n\n- Focal points among protection partners that have a hotline number should be selected\nper camps where relocation is possible. Protection partners can follow / track the\nmovements through these focal points, acting as Key Informants, to facilitate better\nunderstanding of the situation in the areas of relocation.\n\n- Safe spaces / community centers / shelter contact details should be shared where there\nare active protection partners in LGA / wards / community of destination, to be able to\npotentially refer families to assistance.\n\n- Referrals to assistance in destination locations should be discussed at the local level.\nDirect service referrals as well as case management file transfer for high-risk cases\nshould be facilitated by the local protection working groups and thereafter conducted\nbilaterally between protection actors in camps and at the location of destination if feasible.\n\n- Broader information sharing about the presence and services of protection actors in areas\ndestined for relocation / return is recommended. Information about potential referrals to\nmulti-sectoral assistance should be provided based on updated service mapping.\n\n- Community engagement and information dissemination: there is a need for further\ncoordination with humanitarian agencies and the BSG to have the information of the\nschedules of return to ensure continuous communication with community protection\nstructures representatives throughout all phases of relocation and receive information\nabout areas of relocation / origin and understanding the situation on the ground in areas\nof return, potential gaps to monitor protection risks including GBV related issues.\n\n- Protection partners should engage in building capacity / assessing capacities that have\nbeen built to the community-based structures to be able to support monitoring upon their\nreturn / relocation.\n\n\n**4.1.2** **Gathering intentions information & identification of families unable to return**\n\n\n- Usual intentions surveys should not be conducted when a camp is at risk of sudden\nclosure / population relocation, as questions are not necessarily appropriate, and may be\nmisunderstood as humanitarian involvement in decision-making on closure / relocation.\nIntention surveys should be considered for a population that is being planned for\nrelocation.\n\n- Identification of individual families with major obstacles to leaving the camp or the areas\ncan be identified by actors involved in protection monitoring and case management.\nWithin boundaries of confidentiality and do no harm, protection partners can help identify\nindividuals / households facing specific obstacles, working with individual families on\nsolutions and advocating on their behalf to authorities with the support of camp\nmanagement and PSNE.\n\n- Additional household-level assessment should not be conducted to avoid creating\nunnecessary expectations and additional confusion for the concerned individuals.\n\n**4.1.3** **Support to persons with protection concerns**\n\n- Protection partners should ensure that they have an updated list of people with specific\nneeds. If a partner does not have one, such a partner can contact the CCCM / SEMA to\nshare information about households with generic vulnerabilities, e.g. persons with\ndisabilities, female-headed households, child-headed households, older persons etc.\n\n- Information should include numbers of households, their areas of origin (AoO) and their\nexpected destinations (if known) as well as their contact details (if consent has been\nobtained).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- This could be complemented through an analysis of root cause of displacement to come\nup with resolutions or durable solutions or analysis of the appropriate needs of IDPs once\nthey return to prepare for further transition between camps and areas of returns.\n\n- Bilateral inter-agency referrals to take place thereafter between protection partners in\ncamps and in areas of destination (if accessible and partners are present) especially for\nhigh risks cases. There should be emergency referral pathways related to camp closures.\nThe tools related to this type of monitoring should be coordinated with the different AoR\nand the PSNE (i.e. for child protection cases, CP partners to transfer open cases to\npartners in expected locations of destination and GBV actors to identify safe shelter\noptions for survivors upon departure from camp.)\n\n- Psychological First Aid (PFA): Depending on the situation (timeline for departures,\npresence of humanitarian actors in camps, camp size, etc.), protection actors can provide\nPFA on an _ad hoc_ basis to persons showing signs of distress.\n\n- Mine Action partners suggested to carry out a safety and security assessments. This\nconsists of listing likely areas of return to be shared by CCCM with PWG to share with\nMine Action partners ahead of time so they can assess the level of possible contamination\nin AoO and provide relevant information in camp before departure (if possible) and followup with more comprehensive Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) in areas of\nreturn. For example, it is known that areas near Gwoza / Ngala and most recently in\nAdamawa may be affected by landmines and other items of explosive ordnance.\n\n- The PSNE shall also inform of known pathways where farmers have been killed by\nexplosive ordnance in recent months to avoid such pathways to relocation.\n\n- In planning how to prevent protection risks such as GBV, sexual exploitation etc.\nprotection agencies should include in the budget the distribution of torches, dignity kits or\nclean delivery kits, the setting up of mobile protection desks in the transit or return /\nrelocation areas, and the setting up of mobile team during the return, etc.\n\n- Planning of the continuity of protection services (especially CP and GBV) including turn\nover or transfer of assets in the camp and ensure capacity building of the government on\nprotection principles and map existing stakeholders that received trainings over the years\nto be key focal points and first responders in the camp for protection actors to keep in\ncontact with upon their return.\n\n\n**4.1.4** **Departures tracking on relocation/return day**\n\n\n- Protection partners to coordinate with camp management to track the number of departing\nfamilies and destinations. During sudden closures or evictions, departure figures and\nintended destinations are to be shared by camp management daily.\n\n- If access is allowed, protection partners should track and monitor people during transit as\nwell as the mobilization of partners in areas of destination to provide multi-sectoral\nassistance.\n\n- Exit survey to be conducted by camp management or a protection partner (depending on\nthe agreement in each camp), to track families\u2019 destination locations and receive consent\nfor referral to humanitarian assistance if available and identify IDP focal points to ensure\nregular communication and keep track of the protection situation.\n\n- If departures are threatened or coerced, exit surveys should be done by phone 1-2 weeks\nafter departure, to avoid adding additional stress. For this reason, IDP focal points in each\ncamp location should be identified. PSNE to identify 2-3 partners per location that could\nidentify 1-2 FP each that would be willing to communicate regularly on the phone as KI to\nfollow the transit during camp closures and the relocation itself.\n\n\n**4.1.5** **Protection monitoring during camp closure/relocation day**\n\n\n- Ensure the presence of humanitarian organizations in the camp to provide on-site\nmonitoring and deter acts of violence by authorities and security actors through dialogue,\nadvocacy and visibility.\n\n- Monitor protection issues and incidents occurring during camp closure or relocation\nincluding the presence of security actors, excessive use of force and other forms of abuse\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "safety and security assessments", - "confidence": 0.7958249449729919, - "start": 201, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Exit survey", - "confidence": 0.9014237523078918, - "start": 547, - "end": 549 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5723268985748291, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "camp management", - "confidence": 0.593260645866394, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.5109328031539917, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "exit surveys", - "confidence": 0.9760432839393616, - "start": 610, - "end": 612 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camp location", - "confidence": 0.6201594471931458, - "start": 637, - "end": 639 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and violence through observation tools and regular reports to the PSNE or local protection\nworking groups to engage with relevant entities for further advocacy.\n\n - Monitor the needs of the vulnerable population including those with serious medical\ncondition, those with disability and older persons. Advocate with the camp management\nand those in charge of the camp closure and relocation to ensure that the needs of these\nindividuals are addressed.\n\n - Members of the protection team to be on standby during camp closures especially on\nweekends where there may be no presence of staff.\n\n - Before transit, ensure that those relocated or to be relocated have legal identity\ndocuments before they are moved. Where not possible, alternative documents should be\nprovided.\n\n - Ensure that children have civil documents with them before movement and alternative\ncare arranged for unaccompanied Children, street children (Almajiri's) where applicable.\n\n\n**4.2 Movement from camps to Local Government Areas and transit points**\n\n\nService provision if allowed to escort the movement of the population:\n\n\n- Interventions should be limited to life-saving assistance to address the most immediate needs.\n\n- Provide limited material assistance (food, water etc.) at checkpoints, only if security actors and\nother authorities are unable or unwilling to provide it. This means that some humanitarian\nactors should be mobilized and have mobile teams to support this.\n\n- If accessible, safe and feasible, ad hoc presence by protection actors at checkpoints to\nminimize the risk of civil documents confiscation, arbitrary arrest, detention, etc.\n\n- Provide PFA throughout the process and / or at checkpoints to alleviate stress and anxiety. To\nbe done in person if transit points are accessible and if contact with households is permitted,\nor remotely by phone while conducting remote protection monitoring. The consent should have\nbeen given by IDP FP beforehand.\n\n- Based on the profiling of IDPs vulnerabilities, ensure provision of special consideration and\nspecific assistance to persons with specific needs e.g. persons with disabilities, older persons,\nGBV survivors, victims of trafficking, persons with contagious illness or sickness, persons with\nmental illness, lactating mothers and children.\n\n- Government authorities should provide clear information and orientation to the affected\nPersons of the relocation process (mode of transportation, basic packages like health kits,\netc.). Protection partners can support with PFA and advise on how relocated persons should\nbehave at checkpoints, how they should organize themselves, and provide hotline numbers.\n\n- Maintain close contact with the responsible persons at the area of return to ensure adequate\narrangement for their reception is in place.\n\n\n_Protection monitoring:_\n\n\n- Have a comprehensive list of those being returned / relocated to enable head counts on arrival\nand ensure no one is missing, especially during transit.\n\n- Before departure, the protection partners in the camp to collect the phone numbers of Key\nInformants or focal points (this may be a small and limited number of households) and obtain\ntheir informed consent to conduct protection monitoring during transit and at areas of\ndestination.\n\n - Protection partners to monitor protection incidents and concerns throughout the transit.\nProtection monitoring may be done at checkpoints or any other transit points if accessible\nand safe, either through observations or interviews if they can be conducted without\nexposing both the concerned individuals and staff to harm.\n\n - Alternatively, or in addition, monitoring can be done by maintaining regular phone contact\nwith KIs or focal points among families relocated from camp throughout the transit and\nreturns process to obtain details on transport, track movement and receive information\nabout protection incidents and concerns.\n\n - Protection partners in camps should carry out monitoring interviews by phone during\ntransit, considering the level of trust they have already established with KIs and focal\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "points. This monitoring should be brief and informal and thus does not require the use of\nany established data collection tool. It aims to complement but does not replace / duplicate\nother information management mechanisms, the PSNE shall provide a guideline of key\nquestions to ask with inputs from the active protection monitoring partners. To the greatest\nextent possible, try to see the different service providers for mobile networks for protection\nmonitoring and ensure follow up remotely.\n\n - Report any immediate protection concern and issue to the local protection working group\nthat will report to the PSNE for follow-up and advocacy. This includes family separation,\nrisks of arrests, sexual violence in transit, and other violations by authorities / security\nforces / tensions emerging between different groups during transit.\n\n**4.3 Reception of relocated / returned IDPs: arrival of buses/trucks where protection**\n\n**partners are present**\n\n\nIn locations where protection partners have access and are allowed to escort the convoy, the below\nshould be considered:\n\n- Upon arrival of the buses / trucks in the area of relocation, protection partners should verify\nthose who arrived against the list of those who boarded the buses / trucks in the camp. This\nshould be done in close consultation with the CCCM and camp management personnel and\nconvoy leaders.\n\n- Particular attention should be given to those with specific needs including older persons, those\nwith serious medical conditions and child-headed households.\n\n- Follow up with the convoy leaders to ensure that those with specific needs are assisted to\ndisembark the buses and trucks.\n\n- Monitoring of luggage allocation remains key to ensure that their belongings are not misplaced\nor stolen.\n\n**4.4 Reception of relocated / returned IDPs: arrival of buses/trucks where protection**\n\n**partners are not present**\n\n\nIf escort is not feasible, the identified IDP Focal Point or KIs should be asked to take on the above\nfunctions in support of their fellow IDPs and the most vulnerable population. Additional focal points\ninvolved in the relocation can be considered, such as drivers/staff facilitating the movements of\npersons, giving consideration to the need for impartiality, medical expertise (first aid) as well as\nexpertise in protection (e.g. child protection and victims of GBV).\n\n\n**4.5 Post relocation / return monitoring**\n\n\n4.4.1 Mapping of available specialized services\n\n\n - Mapping of protection specialized services including GBV, trafficking in persons, child\nprotection services, services for EO victims and survivors, MHPSS services, case\nmanagement services, reintegration services for CAFACs, protection safety nets).\n\n - Involve the government law enforcement and security agencies to ensure access to\nlocations.\n\n\n4.4.2 Community Based Protection\n\n\n - Establishment and / or strengthening of existing community-based structures remains\nkey.\n\n - Raising awareness on the community-based structures and their importance in social\ncohesion and local integration through the identification of gatekeepers of the\ncommunity.\n\n - Identification and capacity development of the gatekeepers and community members\nas part of the structures to ensure inclusion and representation of all branches of the\ncommunity.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Whenever necessary, and to effectively coordinate protection response, local\nprotection working group should be established / supported to conduct _ad hoc_ and\nrapid services mappings in areas of return and / or anticipated secondary displacement\nto complement the service mapping tools. Information to include partner\u2019s presence\n(including community centers), type of services, capacities to respond (e.g. if external\nreferrals are accepted, duration of partners\u2019 presence and services etc.) and contact\ndetails. Services mapping to be conducted at the community and ward level if possible.\n\n\n4.4.3 Protection monitoring and assessment of protection responses\n\n\n - Involvement of key local protection partners under the PSNE in the monitoring process\n(incl, GBV, CP, TiP, MA partners) and ensuring harmonized\nquestionnaires/observations tools to be used throughout to avoid confusion.\n\n - Training of local partners on the use of the tools and on protection principles and data\ncollection protocols.\n\n - Engagement of government counterpart to support the monitoring process.\n\n4.4.4 Evaluation and learning of protection interventions\n\n\n - Conduct an inter-sectoral coordination group evaluation exercise in collaboration with\ngovernment counterparts in the BAY States.\n\n - Training of ISCG members on the exercise to be led by the ISCG. Conduct a\nroundtable discussion for recommendations on the learnings of the interventions.\n\n - Establish coordination structures at federal, state and LGA level.\n\n\n**4.6 Protection Response**\n\n\nTo avoid stigmatization, the response is targeted to people affected by the 2024 camp closures,\nwhether as returnees or as newly secondarily displaced people, as well as other returnees and/or\nIDPs in the same geographic area who also have acute needs and who are not currently being\nassisted under normal programming.\n\n\nAll priority activities listed below are applicable in both areas of return and secondary displacement.\n\n**Protection Monitoring** : Key to identifying protection risks and incidents (GBV, CP, TiP, MA) to be\naddressed through follow-up service provision, to provide evidence to adapt programming and to\nsupport advocacy. Area-based targeting, inclusive of host communities, but with a focus on recent\nreturnees and IDPs. Protection partners to use the Protection Sector Northeast rapid assessment\nat the community level for strengthening monitoring movements from one camp to another area of\nlocation. This can be done by taking different phone numbers of IDPs who would be willing to talk\nabout their experience while leaving one camp and relocating to another area. Some others may\nreach out to the hotline of different Protection partners and testify if they feel like it or be oriented\nthrough the proper services available in their areas of relocation/return. Specific incidents should\nbe reported through the Protection Incident Reporting Form, key messages to be developed and\ndisseminated for communities through different channels such as awareness raising sessions,\nhotlines, radio messages.\n\n**Case Management:** Essential service to address the specific issues of persons identified as highpriority cases due to severe vulnerabilities and / or high-levels of risks. Targeting on an individual\nand case-by-case basis, with a focus on continuity of service for high-risk cases previously assisted\nin camps. Ensure existence of referral pathways to follow-up of high-priority cases between camps\nand areas of return or secondary displacement, including through bilateral referral or file transfer\nwithin or between case management agencies in the concerned locations. If in-person follow-up\nand comprehensive case management services is not feasible, regular follow-up by phone is\nrecommended to ensure a minimum level of support and continuity in service provision.\n\n**Mental Health & Psychosocial Support** : Immediate support to address issues of trauma, stress\nand anxiety compounded by sudden camp closure, involuntary returns and secondary\ndisplacement. Targeting on an individual and case-by-case basis. Individual counseling to be\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "integrated into a broader case management process. Group-based PSS activities to be conducted\nwith/through community groups to support the PSS capacities of local communities, especially\nwhere direct implementation or regular presence of PSS providers is not possible. Mobile teams\nshould be prioritized.\n\n**Cash for Protection or Individual Protection Assistance** : Short-term support to address\nimmediate protection and life-saving issues and risks, including the inability to rent shelter for\nphysical safety and the use of emergency negative coping mechanisms. Targeting on an individual\nand case-by-case basis, with a focus on HHs with specific vulnerabilities and risks, etc. A careful\nanalysis of the potential risks associated with providing cash for protection should be conducted\nfor each case to avoid creating harm for the concerned individuals. Given the highly vulnerable\nand sensitive situation of recent returnees and secondarily displaced persons, the usual standards\nof adopting a discreet, low-visibility and case-by-case approach are of particular importance. Cash\nfor GBV, CP and TiP case management to address issues like gaps in livelihood, CMR, MHPSS\nand access to legal and justice services for GBV services.,\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection** : Essential to mitigate risks related to physical safety and social\nintegration, including blocked returns. Area-based targeting, inclusive of host communities, but\nwith a focus on recent IDP returnees with specific vulnerabilities and profiles. Existing communitybased groups and CSOs may be mobilized to facilitate dialogue, community sensitization between\ncommunity leaders, tribal leaders, returnees, IDPs and host communities to mitigate risks and\nsupport safe returns/relocations and reintegration and may be keys for NGO partners to monitor\neven remotely how the camp closures have impacted the different IDPs and get preliminary\ninformation on the situation.\n\n\n**Explosive Ordnance Risk Education** : Essential to minimize the risk of death and injury caused\nby explosive ordnance. Area-based targeting, inclusive of host communities, but with focus on\nrecent IDPs returnees. Sessions are be conducted remotely targeting at-risk populations both in\nreturn or secondary displacement areas affected by EO, until in-person sessions are authorized\nby the authorities. Safe pathways during transit should be identified before camps closures due to\nrecent UXO/ERW found in some rural areas. Contact numbers of emergency EOD units to be\ndistributed within the community for them to be able to report any item found.\n\n\n**Dignity Kits Distribution and MHM supplies, availability of PEP kits in each health center of**\n**potential relocations and safe spaces of partners** : Essential to support the physical and\npsychological well-being of women and girls in the context of acute crisis and displacement,\nincluding in terms of personal and menstrual hygiene.\n\n\n**GBV Information Dissemination:** Share guidance with humanitarian actors on how to support\nGBV survivors when there are no GBV actors in an area and share information with GBV survivors\non specialized services where available. While the GBV AoR can provide orientations, non-GBV\nactors should also be informed, and protection actors could set up facilitation desks for women\nand girls to receive information on services available.\n\n\n**Trafficking in Persons Information Dissemination:** Share guidance and information with\nhumanitarian actors on support systems for victims of trafficking and existing specialized services.\nWhile Anti-trafficking taskforce should ensure orientation of the non-TiP actors on existing\nmeasures to protect victims of trafficking.\n\n**Access to Justice:** Returnees should be provided information on access to justice including\ntraditional and conventional justice system (ADR) local arbitration etc.\n\n**Meaningful Access and Protection Mainstreaming:** Returnees irrespective of their status,\ngender, or sex should have equal access to services through the support from community-based\nstructures.\n\n\n**HLP Rights:** Ensure equal access to HLP rights for marginalized groups such as women headed\nhouseholds, child headed- households, persons with disabilities and older persons.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5 Roles and Responsibilities**\n\nIn support of the Government\u2019s effort, protection actors have a role to ensure that the protection risk\nassociated with the camp closure and relocation / return is minimized and that camp closure, return and\nrelocation are done in a safe and dignified manner. The following roles and responsibilities were\nidentified and agreed upon by protection actors to support the overall coordination and\noperationalization of the Protection Sector Camp Closure Strategy in support of the Government\u2019s\nefforts to ensure a durable solution is provided.\n\n\n**5.1 Protection Sector Leadership**\n\n - As informed by the Protection partners, consolidate information on protection issues affecting\nthe population and ensure advocacy with key stakeholders.\n\n - Convene meetings with protection actors were necessary to ensure a common position on\ncamp closure.\n\n - As informed by protection actors, advocate to ensure that protection and other issues faced\nby the community members are brought to the attention of the relevant actors including\ngovernment and humanitarian leadership.\n\n\n**5.2 Protection Partners**\n\n - Conduct a return intention survey where applicable.\n\n - Registration and documentation of returning populations especially those with specific needs\nand will need ongoing protection intervention.\n\n - Put in place individual case plan to ensure continued protection response directly or indirectly\nupon arrival in the area of relocation.\n\n - Identify and support the protection focal point of Key Informants among the relocated\npopulation and ensure information sharing in a safe and coordinated manner.\n\n - Establish and/or support community-based groups / community workers in areas of return to\nensure continued protection interventions.\n\n - Conduct protection monitoring and information sharing with the PSNE and key actors.\n\n - Within boundaries of confidentiality and do no harm, help identify individuals / households\nfacing specific obstacles / unwilling to return. Partners to work with these individuals / families\non solutions and advocate on their behalf with authorities.\n\n\n**5.3** **Government Actors**\n\n - Put in place adequate security measures to ensure the safety and security of lives and\nproperties in the return location.\n\n - Ensure the relocation of the forcibly displaced population in a safe and dignified manner.\n\n - Ensure the provision of basic needs and amenities (Health, Shelter, WASH, Livelihoods) in the\nreturn location.\n\n - Put in place a structured mechanism for dispute resolution.\n\n - Adopt and implement policies on camp closure, integration, and social cohesion of the\nreturnees in the community.\n\n - Champion communities\u2019 acceptance of ex-NSAG members, their families, and survivors\ntowards integration.\n\n\n**5.4 Community Participation:**\n\n - Engage the community from the planning stages up to the implementation of the return to have\ntheir views and concerns heard and considered.\n\n - Support partners in disseminating information to the larger population in their local languages\n\n - Provide feedback on areas that relate to culture, traditions, and local coping mechanisms.\n\n - Go and see visits to inform their communities on what to expect and how it may benefit them.\n\n - Focal points identified by protection partners to support the process and perfume their role to\nshare information and provide support where appropriate.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6 Annexes**\n\n\n - **Annex 1** : PSNE Protection Incident Reporting Tool\n\n - **Annex 2:** Key Awareness Messages for Awareness and Sensitization\n\n - **Annex 3** : Camp Phaseout and Closure Checklist\n\n - **Annex 4:** Key Consideration (before, during and after camp closure)\n\n - **Annex 5:** Return and Relocation Observation Form\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae51d3b1-c3cd-47d9-9bc2-8ccd43a150a6/Camp%20Closure%20Strategy%20March%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_293/raw/doc_293_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_293/raw/doc_293_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3e0bd7e3e461ee9da3d8397b1d33ded9012da03f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_293/raw/doc_293_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**ASIA - PACIFIC** **A.1 / M** yanmar YANMAR **2013-2016 /** coordinationCOORDINATION **COMPLEX / MULTIPLE**\n\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\n\n\n# MYANMAR 2013-2016 / COORDINATION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1** Jan 2013: **National Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster established.** **4**\n\n\n**2** Apr 2013: **Rakhine State Government and Cluster Lead Agency agree** **5**\n\n**on shelter design and standards** (eight-unit long-houses).\n\n\n\nAug 2015: **Deployment of Flood Response Coordination Team.**\n\n\nDec 2015: **Departure of Flood Response Coordination Team and hand-**\n**over to national Cluster.**\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\nDec 2013: **Completion of 2,843 eight-unit longhouses in Rakhine**\n**State** (see A.16 in _Shelter Projects 2013-2014_ ).\n\n\n\n**STRENGTHS**\n**+** Adequate dedicated capacity since cluster activation.\n**+** 48-hour deployment of the Coordinator and continuity for 4 years.\n**+** Inclusive coordination mechanism for all partners.\n**+** Regular engagement with other clusters and sectors, at all levels.\n**+** Sustained advocacy contributed to high government involvement.\n**+** The merged Shelter/NFI/CCCM subnational Cluster facilitated\noperational partners agreement on common designs and guidance.\n\n\n\n**WEAKNESSES**\n\nment situation.\n\n**-** Delayed Cluster activation In Kachin/Northern Shan.\n\n**-** Compromised design solutions did not reach minimum standards.\n\npossible exit strategy or handover.\n\nand maintenance.\n\n\n\n**2** **SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74caf7e-94b5-3420-be90-d3da130475d0/Case%20Study%20on%20Shelter-NFI-CCCM%20Cluster%202013-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONTEXT**\n\nDespite the internationally welcomed transition to democracy in\n2011, after decades of isolation, Myanmar remains one of the\npoorest countries in South-East Asia. The relatively low level\nof development and wide-spread poverty is often further hampered by heavy monsoon rains and frequent natural disasters\n(such as typhoons Nargis in 2008 [1] and Giri in 2010). Myanmar\u2019s\npopulation make-up includes multiple ethnic groups which have\nlong opposed the government\u2019s policy of centralization.\n\n\n**SITUATION IN KACHIN/NORTHERN SHAN**\n\nFighting between the Myanmar governmental army and the\nKachin Independence Army (KIA) broke out in June 2011,\nafter a 17 year cease-fire, which led to the displacement of\nan estimated 100,000 people, as of August 2013 [2] . In 2016,\napproximately 50% of IDP camps were located in non-government controlled areas, with limited access to services and\ninternational humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**SITUATION IN RAKHINE STATE**\n\n_For more information on Rakhine State, see case study A.2._\n\nInter-communal violence between the Buddhist population\nand Rohingya Muslims in 2012 resulted in massive destruction of homes and displacement across the state. The main\nIDP caseload fled urban areas and settled into rural camps\naround Sittwe, with heavy restrictions on freedom of movement and limited access to services outside the camps.\n\n\n1 See case studies A.19-A.20 in _Shelter Projects 2010_ for projects in response\nto Typhoon Nargis.\n2 Kachin & Northern Shan Shelter Cluster Strategic Framework, Sep 2013.\n\n\n\n**NATIONAL SHELTER CLUSTER**\n\nBefore the Cluster was activated, the lead agency had been\ncoordinating the shelter and CCCM response in Kachin\n(since 2011) and in Rakhine (since 2012). Support was requested from the global level Clusters for response coordination, resource mobilization and scale up. In January 2013,\nthe Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster was formally activated to respond to large-scale displacement in predominantly camp\nand camp-like settings across Rakhine and Kachin/Northern Shan states. While merged clusters are not preferred in\nIDP situations, in the case of Myanmar, Shelter and Camp\nCoordination partners overlapped to an extent that justified\nbringing the two sectors together. Local organizations also\nexpressed preference for one common forum.\n\nThe Global Shelter Cluster (GSC) deployed an experienced,\ndedicated, national Coordinator within 48 hours of Cluster\nactivation, to head the newly formed national Cluster team\nin Yangon. The Cluster aimed to ensure adequate temporary\naccommodation (according to agreed international standards and government requirements) using eight-unit shelters\nknown as \u201clong-houses\u201d [3] .\n\n\n**SUBNATIONAL COORDINATION STRUCTURE**\n\nThe coordination team had to address two displacement contexts, in two different geographical locations, which called\nfor a decentralized subnational coordination approach. A\nmerged Shelter/NFI/CCCM subnational Cluster was established in Kachin/Northern Shan states to coordinate the\nresponse across the 167 camps. Due to the highly volatile\nsituation and the larger caseload in Rakhine, the subnational\n\n\n3 This is described in case study A.16 in _Shelter Projects 2013-2014_ .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74caf7e-94b5-3420-be90-d3da130475d0/Case%20Study%20on%20Shelter-NFI-CCCM%20Cluster%202013-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ASIA - PACIFIC** A.1 / Myanmar 2013-2016 / coordination **COMPLEX / MULTIPLE**\n\n\n\nCluster in Sittwe town was set up differently \u2013 separate Shelter and CCCM/NFI Clusters \u2013 both under the coordination of\nthe national Cluster Coordinator in Yangon.\n\n\n**National Cluster Coordinator Shelter/NFI/CCCM (Yangon)**\n\n|onal IM (Yangon)|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\n\n**CCCM/NFI** **Shelter** **CCCM/NFI**\n**Coordinator** **Coordinator** **Coordinator**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Rakhine** **Kachin/Northern Shan**\n\n\n_Myanmar Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Organigram, 2013-2015._\n\n\n**RESPONSE IN KACHIN/NORTHERN SHAN**\n\nThe initial response was carried out by the local community and faith-based organizations through the construction\nof **temporary five-unit shelters in camp-like settings,**\nevolving mainly around church compounds. While having\ndistinct advantages (knowledge of the local context, access\nto non-governmental areas, extensive networks and positive relation with state and local authorities), the initial response suffered from the organizations\u2019 lack of technical and\nsectoral expertise, as well as limited donor confidence and\nsupport. Temporary shelters provided in the early stages of\nthe emergency varied significantly across the 167 camps in\nterms of covered living area, quality of construction materials\nused, occupancy criteria and surrounding infrastructure.\n\nBy March 2013, there were 85,000 registered IDPs and an\nadditional 35,000 individuals in need of humanitarian assistance. The international community engaged late and access to non-government controlled areas was limited. This\ncaused a lack of basic data to support identification of gaps\nand inform shelter and camp management response. The\nShelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster in Kachin **piloted and support-**\n**ed a substantial camp profiling exercise** in March 2013, to\ngather baseline disaggregated data on IDPs. As of September 2016, five rounds of camp profiling have been coordinated by the Cluster and carried out by partners on the ground [4] .\n\n**The main challenge** for the Cluster subnational team was to\nestablish a formal coordination mechanism and help improving the response, **18 months after its start.** The Cluster benefited from a dedicated subnational Coordinator and a shelter\ntechnical expert supported by the Cluster lead agency.\n\nThe main objective in 2013 was to provide **temporary shelters**\n**to meet the needs of an additional 10,000 IDPs** . This was\nachieved through consultations with beneficiaries and local shelter actors on culturally appropriate shelter designs and harmonization, and provision of guidance on Build Back Safer techniques. In July 2013, a technical working group (TWiG) **agreed**\n**on a five-unit shelter design,** which has been implemented by\nall partners since. In July 2016, the TWiG adapted the design\nto take into account feedback from beneficiaries and partners,\n\n\n4 Analysis of Camp Profiling Round 5 Kachin & Northern Shan, http://bit.ly/\n2jK46LR\n\n\n\navailability of local materials, minimum standards and other cultural considerations. Additionally, the Cluster lead agency **con-**\n**ducted 12 trainings** for approximately 300 Camp Managers,\nCamp Focal Points and Government actors, across 84 camps [5] .\n\nAdditionally, **repairs had to be conducted on the shelters**\n**built in 2011** . This was done through an owner-driven approach (supported by the Cluster), bringing existing shelters\nup to Sphere standards, to avoid overcrowding and improve\nprivacy and protection. Temporary shelters have a life span\nof 2-3 years and require shelter actors in the area to engage\nin a constant and costly cycle of maintenance and repair,\nuntil durable solutions become feasible.\n\n\n**RESPONSE IN RAKHINE**\n\nImmediately after the violence, emergency tents were provided, while the Cluster lead agency provided tarpaulins,\nrope and tents at the end of 2012. Additionally, after the\nsecond wave of violence in October 2012, the government\ncompleted 525 temporary shelters and \u201clong-houses\u201d for approximately 29,000 IDPs, across 10 townships. Some of the\ncamps were established in 2012-2013, others were clusters\nof long-houses built within (or in close proximity to) the IDPs\u2019\nvillages of origin.\n\nIn April 2013, the Cluster lead agency joined a high-level delegation to Rakhine, to clarify the maximum capacity of the\ninternational community and persuade the Rakhine State\nGovernment (RSG) to contribute to the shelter response. The\ninitial design used by the RSG envisaged the construction of\n10-unit long-houses, providing a living space of only 2m [2] per\nperson. **The Cluster advocated for the shelters to meet**\n**the Sphere indicator** of 3.5m [2] per person and managed to\nreduce the number of families per shelter from ten to eight.\nHowever, with an average of 5.5 family members, IDPs ended\nup occupying a space of 2.9m [2] per person. On the basis of\nthis agreement with the RSG, Cluster partners achieved 51%\ncoverage of identified temporary shelter needs in June 2013\nand 99% by December [6] .\n\n\n_Temporary shelters were built in IDP sites for people fleeing violence._\n\n\nDuring 2013 and 2014, a TWiG co-chaired by the Department\nfor Rural Development (DRD) **agreed on minimum technical**\n**standards and designs for temporary and permanent**\n**shelter,** and further developed an effective shelter and maintenance programme. The established co-chairing arrangement\n\n\n5 Kachin Response Plan Myanmar March-December 2013, http://bit.ly/2j8MjNK.\n6 Rakhine State Shelter Cluster Strategic Framework, http://bit.ly/2iQlZKh.\n\n\n\n**4** **SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5955244898796082, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.7321519255638123, - "start": 286, - "end": 287 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "camp profiling exercise", - "confidence": 0.6474974751472473, - "start": 364, - "end": 367 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kachin", - "confidence": 0.8698662519454956, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.513437032699585, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9702298045158386, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74caf7e-94b5-3420-be90-d3da130475d0/Case%20Study%20on%20Shelter-NFI-CCCM%20Cluster%202013-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COMPLEX / MULTIPLE** A.1 / Myanmar 2013-2016 / coordination\n\n\n\n**ASIA - PACIFIC**\n\n\n\nallowed Cluster partners to **develop strong professional re-**\n**lationships with the RSG** and improved the previously poor\nlevel of coordination between government departments and\ninternational organizations. Additionally, constructive government engagement trickled down to the local level.\n\n\n_Several areas were affected by the floods in 2015 (UN OCHA, 10 Aug 2015)._\n\n\nIn 2014, the Shelter Cluster, both in Rakhine and at national\nlevel, renewed its advocacy efforts with the RSG to take the\nlead in addressing the protracted IDP situation through durable solutions. It also offered technical support on design and\nconstruction. In 2015, the RSG supported individual housing\nsolutions through cash grants for 25,000 individuals [7] . **Attain-**\n**ing durable solutions and advocacy with the government**\n**remained key objectives** in the 2016-2017 strategy. Since\n2013, both subnational Clusters have continuously engaged\nin preparedness activities, tracking of emergency stocks and\nlocal response capacity. Both have also advocated for early\nrecovery and coordinated with relevant clusters and sectors\n(most notably Protection \u2013 to ensure protection mainstreaming \u2013 and WASH \u2013 to ensure sufficient links between shelter\ninterventions and WASH infrastructure).\n\n\n**SITUATION AFTER THE 2015 FLOODS**\n\nIn July and August 2015, heavy monsoon rains, combined\nwith the effect of Cyclone Komen on the region, affected nine\nmillion people across 12 of the country\u2019s 14 states, causing\nheavy loss of homes, livelihoods, crops and food stocks.\nFloods and landslides killed 117 people and temporarily dis\n\n7 See case study A.2.\n\n\n\nplaces 1.7 million. The Government reported that the highest\nnumbers of affected people were in Ayeyarwady, Sagaing and\nMagway regions, while Rakhine suffered the highest number\nof destroyed homes. The Humanitarian Country Team agreed\nthat the response to these floods would be coordinated by the\nexisting Clusters, rather than creating new ones.\n\n\n**National Cluster Coordinator Shelter/NFI/CCCM (Yangon)**\n\n\n|TIONAL IM (Yangon)|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n\n\n\n**Shelter/NFI/CCM**\n\n\n\n**Coordinator**\n\n\n\n\n\n**2 Roving Shelter**\n\n\n\n**Cluster Flood**\n\n**Response**\n**Coordinators**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Kachin/Northern**\n\n**Shan states**\n\n\n\n**Rakhine State**\n\n\n\n**Other flood-**\n**affected areas**\n\n\n\n_Myanmar Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Organigram, Aug-Dec 2015._\n\n\n**FLOOD RESPONSE 2015**\n\nGiven the extensive reach and impact of the natural disaster,\nthe GSC co-lead agency for natural disasters deployed a coordination team to support the subnational level. The two GSC\nco-leads agreed that the newly deployed team would coordinate the response outside Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states.\n**The flood shelter coordination team (FSCT)** - consisting\nof two dedicated Coordinators and one information manager \u2013 **was set up to operate under the strategic guidance**\n**of the national Cluster.** The FSCT organized shelter partner\nmeetings at the same location and date of the regular national\nCluster meeting, allowing agencies to attend both meetings.\n\nThe FSCT used and triangulated government data to coordinate the shelter response in seven regions, developed a reporting mechanisms and a dedicated webpage [8] . It operated\nfrom Yangon, with field trips to affected locations, to assess\nhousing damage, households\u2019 needs and existing gaps in\nthe response. By September 2015, Cluster partners provided\nemergency shelter to 9,525 households in all regions (outside\nRakhine, Kachin and Stan states) through a combination of\nshelter repair kits, tarpaulins and tents [9] .\n\n\n**WIDER IMPACTS OF THE CLUSTER IN MYANMAR**\n\nThe clear mandate and geographical separation of responsibilities between the two Cluster lead agencies, as well as the\nclose collaboration with the national Cluster team, ensured\nthat the coordination of this response was successful. **An**\n**agreement between the two global co-leads** existed before\nthe floods, and was further solidified and practically tested\nthrough the 2015 collaboration. This allows the timely deployment of coordination teams and development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and technical guidelines.\n\n\n8 www.sheltercluster.org/response/myanmar-foods-2015.\n9 Myanmar Central Area Flood Response Situation Report #4, http://bit.ly/2jKy7ew.\n\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "government data", - "confidence": 0.9806812405586243, - "start": 646, - "end": 648 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FSCT", - "confidence": 0.7827955484390259, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "seven regions", - "confidence": 0.621893048286438, - "start": 654, - "end": 656 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9170717000961304, - "start": 686, - "end": 687 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74caf7e-94b5-3420-be90-d3da130475d0/Case%20Study%20on%20Shelter-NFI-CCCM%20Cluster%202013-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ASIA - PACIFIC** A.1 / Myanmar 2013-2016 / coordination **COMPLEX / MULTIPLE**\n\n\n**STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND LESSONS LEARNED**\n\n\n_Clusters (Tat Kone Baptist Church IDP camp in Kachin State, Nov 2013)._ _inter-communal violence in Rakhine State (Ohn Taw Gyi IDP camp, May 2013)._\n\n\n\n_**STRENGTHS**_\n\n**+ Adequate dedicated capacity** since Cluster activation,\nand benefits from using the **lead agency existing capacities.**\n\n**+ 48-hour deployment of the Shelter/NFI/CCCM Coor-**\n**dinator (and continuity since then)** . This provided **pre-**\n**dictability, extensive knowledge** on the context and the\nresponse, as well as **strong personal and professional re-**\n**lations** with the wider international community, local partners,\nauthorities and donors.\n\n**+ Inclusive coordination mechanism** for all partners to\nengage, consult and disseminate best practices. 21 Cluster\npartners have been regularly attending meetings.\n\n**+ Regular engagement with other clusters and sectors,**\n**at all levels** (especially Protection, WASH and Early Recovery), as well as donors and relevant stakeholders.\n\n**+ Sustained advocacy from the Cluster lead agency and**\n**partners contributed to high government involvement** in\nRakhine State. Many shelters built by the government used\nCluster-agreed technical standards and designs.\n\n**+ The merged Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster** in Kachin/Northern\nShan managed to **bring local operational partners together**,\nagree on a common shelter design and technical guidance,\nand create **links with Protection and WASH** .\n\n\n_**LEARNINGS**_\n\n\n\n_**WEAKNESSES**_\n\n**-** More than 200,000 individuals across Rakhine, Kachin and\nNorthern Shan states **continue to live in situations of pro-**\n**tracted displacement** . As of 2016, the Cluster continued its\nadvocacy for durable solutions.\n\n**-** In Kachin/Northern Shan, **the Cluster was activated 18**\n**months after** the conflict-related displacement. Delayed activation of clusters may lead local organizations to provide\na **sectorial response without the necessary technical**\n**guidance and coordination** .\n\n**- The compromised solution** reached on the final design\nand size of the long-houses implemented by the government\n**fell short of the international standard** of 3.5m [2] per person.\n\n**- The Cluster has been active for four years**, while needs\nhave remained almost the same since 2013, which has **not**\n**allowed for constructive discussion on possible exit**\n**strategies or handover** . Clusters are, by definition, timebound and needs-based coordination mechanisms. Handover of coordination responsibilities, or deactivation where\nneeds cease to exist, should be discussed early on [10] .\n\n**- Lack of durable solutions** four years into the Cluster response, led to a **constant and costly cycle of repair and**\n**maintenance** . This was due to the decision of the Cluster in\n2013 to explicitly focus on the provision of temporary shelters, with a life-span of two years, to avoid contributing to\npermanent encampment of the affected populations.\n\n10 IASC Reference Module for Cluster Coordination, http://bit.ly/2oseRYT.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022** **Early deployment** of Cluster coordination team, **adequate staffing** of key Cluster roles (Coordinator, Information Manager\nand Technical Support) **and access to the Cluster lead agency\u2019s** existing institutional and human resources are essential for setting up a functioning national Cluster.\n\n**\u2022** **Coordination mechanisms should be as close to operational partners and beneficiaries as possible**, to allow\nfor adequate data collection, gap analysis, community engagement and operational response, as well as to encourage\nownership, adequate exit strategies and sustainability.\n\n**\u2022** **Pre-existing arrangements and close cooperation between Cluster lead agencies at the global level** can ensure\nthat coordination mechanisms are not duplicated, information is shared openly and that teams operate within a clear\nmandate and towards the same strategic objective.\n\n**\u2022** **Coordination teams arriving late** in the response **should engage partners cautiously and prove the added value**\nof coordination (including humanitarian standards, Build Back Safer approaches, and technical guidelines).\n\n\n**6** **www.shelterprojects.org** **SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74caf7e-94b5-3420-be90-d3da130475d0/Case%20Study%20on%20Shelter-NFI-CCCM%20Cluster%202013-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_294/raw/doc_294_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_294/raw/doc_294_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4d41be5a0df68ac13fdb67fdcbb1d32dc66c35b8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_294/raw/doc_294_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n# **Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of the Earthquake** **Response in T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n_This summary note is a non-exhaustive compilation of the cash assistance related key findings of the needs assessments_\n_conducted so far with respect to the earthquake response in T\u00fcrkiye and additional economic and emergency response_\n_analyses that may be relevant for cash assistance implementation in the emergency context._ _[i]_\n\n\nIn the aftermath of the devastating earthquakes hitting the South-eastern provinces [1] of T\u00fcrkiye in early February 2023, the\nsupport modality to be prioritised during the immediate live-saving response had to be mostly in-kind distributions due to\nthe overall emergency situation. Also, the large-scale interruptions to the banking systems, market structures and supply\nchains practically hindered the effective utilisation of any cash assistance then. Nevertheless, with efforts to care for the\naffected individuals and start restructuring systems ongoing, the focus on cash assistance has increased as cash-based\ninterventions (CBIs) are widely acknowledged as the most efficient and effective modality to support communities affected\nby diverse crises including conflicts and natural disasters whenever applicable and appropriate. [2]\n\n\n**Cash Assistance Needs**\n\n\nIn-kind support to the affected populations has been ongoing since the inception of the crisis through comprehensive\nprojects such as the Social Markets managed by the TRC. [3] However, based on the expectation that market access conditions\nwill be ameliorated in time, the anticipation of increasing needs for cash assistance in the **medium- and long-term** was\nemphasised by the relevant needs assessments. [4] Some key findings and highlights are listed below:\n\n\n - The majority of the respondents ( **85%** ) do not have the necessary financial means to address their fundamental\nneeds because of the **interruption to and resulting lack of reliable income sources**, increasing the need for cash\nassistance. [5]\n\n\u27a2 **Access to cash assistance** is indicated as one of the top priorities to be addressed in the upcoming two\n\nmonths along with access to adequate shelter solutions, basic needs materials including food items, NFIs\nand WASH items and access to medical services and psychosocial support. [6]\n\n - The level of indebtedness of the affected population is expected to increase since households may need to **resort**\n**to debt as a coping mechanism** to address their further needs that cannot be met with the existing support (mostly\nin-kind), increasing their need for cash assistance. [7]\n\n - Cash assistance is deemed a particularly viable option **to support those moving out of the earthquake affected**\n**region to other provinces** . As the one-off cash support initiative of the Government (worth of 10,000 TL) is slightly\nabove the hunger threshold, [8] complementary cash assistance will likely be needed at a greater scale in the\nupcoming months.\n\n\u27a2 For instance, provinces such as Mersin, Mardin, Kayseri, Konya, Antalya, Ankara, and \u0130stanbul have\n\nreceived many affected individuals and assessments emphasise that these groups are especially in need\nof suitable accommodation solutions through targeted rent and cash assistance considering the\nskyrocketing rents. [9]\n\u27a2 Hence, although the Government will provide **rent assistance**, further needs for sustainable cash\n\nassistance in this area were observed in the field. [10]\n\n - According to the relevant assessments, some **specific cash needs for different groups/contexts** include:\n\n\u27a2 **Cash for protection** is greatly needed for the **youth** in **Hatay** as they have additional risks on top of their\n\nalready existing vulnerabilities because they had to move to other provinces and stay in temporary\nshelters or in over-crowded accommodations, which is expected to spur the number of instances of GBV,\nunwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. [11]\n\u27a2 The shock to food production is expected to decrease food supply, hinder internal trade of food items,\n\nand increase the need to rely more on imports, hence triggering further **food price increases** . [12]\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n\u2713 According to the latest field reports, **prices of some stable food items** such as rice and corn\n\nhave **increased by up to 50%** in certain areas. Needs assessments suggest the continuance\nof in-kind support and utilisation price subsidies as tools to alleviate these challenges.\n\u27a2 The provision of **cash assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)** were highlighted as a\n\ngreat need as the relevant assessments found that around two-thirds of SMEs in the affected region\ncannot operate at their prior capacity, further curbing the ability to rebuild livelihoods and resilience of\nthe affected individuals. [13]\n\u27a2 Considering that **gender inequalities** aggravate crisis impacts and vice versa, gender, age and disability\n\naspects need to be considered when designing cash assistance programmes including for the provision\nof food assistance to render them as gender sensitive as possible. [14]\n\n\n**Market Access Challenges**\n\n\nOperational banking and market systems and supply chains, which are prerequisites for effective cash assistance provision,\nhave not been fully functioning due to disrupting impacts of the earthquakes. Factors impeding access include disruption\nof the typical working of markets, shop closures and destructions, limited stocks and overall lack of basic needs items,\nincreasing prices and hardships in accessing bank accounts/cash due to lack of ID or bank cards and other relevant\ndocumentation. [15] Furthermore, complementary cash assistance will likely be needed by all affected individuals including\nthose currently being sheltered in tent and container camps and others who moved out to other provinces in search of\ngreater safety, increasing the number of possible beneficiaries to be targeted to nearly two million. [16]\n\n\n - Needs assessments indicate that **73%** of the respondents were facing **hardships in accessing their bank accounts**\nand **90%** said that the markets in their area have been negatively impacted by the earthquake either in relation to\nphysical destruction and or lack of items. [17]\n\n - The level of **access to markets** varies by province depending on the specific impacts of the earthquakes.\n\u27a2 For example, according to field observations, markets are functional and accessible in general in **Gaziantep**\n\nand individuals were able to shop via both credit cards and cash and in **Kahramanmara\u015f**, individuals can access\nmarkets to purchase basic items such as food. [18]\n\u27a2 However, in **Hatay**, it was reported that only **Arsuz** district was in a comparatively good position in terms of\n\naccess to markets whereas **Antakya and Samanda\u011f** experienced harsher conditions. [19]\n\n - Challenges in terms of access to financial services including **access to cash/liquidity** are observed at the field as\nwell.\n\n\u27a2 According to reports, difficulties pertaining to access to cash were observed in the municipalities of **Hatay**\n\n**and Gaziantep** . [20]\n\u27a2 Although it was reported that banks were mobilising their resources to restructure their baking facilities\n\nin the affected region [21] and most **ATMs/banks** were either fully or partially functional, it was noted that\nthere were additional problems in terms of operationality of ATMs in the districts of **Antakya, Samanda\u011f**\n**(Hatay), Islahiye (Gaziantep) and Battalgazi (Malatya)** . [22] Nevertheless, despite the fact that\nbranches/ATMs of some Financial Service Providers (FSPs) have been affected severely, most of them\nstarted to recover rather quickly after the earthquakes. [23]\n\n - As per the field observations, even though the Ministry of Commerce has been issuing fines to opportunistic\nvendors selling fundamental need items at extreme prices, [24] there have been observations regarding some\ninstances of **black markets** emerging where regular market access has been hampered. [25]\n\n - Since there were many affected individuals **moving to rural areas** with little to no functional market networks,\nneeds arising in these contexts require further attention as well. [26]\n\n - Needs assessments foresee that **access to cash** will become an even more **urgent** **need** in the coming weeks\nconsidering that a great number of households have lost their livelihoods and/or access to their bank\naccounts/documentation. [27]\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n**Examples of Planned/Ongoing Cash Assistance Schemes under the Earthquake Response**\n\n\nEmergency cash assistance implementation has been ongoing since the beginning of the crisis, focusing on cash for\nprotection and cash for recovery under the leadership of the Government of T\u00fcrkiye via the strategic lead of Ministry of\nInterior and AFAD with the complementary support with all the stakeholders experienced in cash assistance including TRC\nand IFRC. [28]\n\n\nCBIs by the Government of T\u00fcrkiye\n\n - Cash supports provided to the earthquake survivors under the leadership of the GoT government are paid from\nthe AFAD emergency response budget, hence coordinated by the Ministry of Interior/AFAD.\n\n - Currently, there is no official confirmation regarding whether TP and IP beneficiaries would be able to access the\n[cash supports listed below given that they fit to eligibility requirements. Further details can be found here.](https://aydes.gov.tr/vatandasBasvuruSSS)\n\n\u27a2 Hardship/basic needs to households: 10,000 TRY, outright, one-off.\n\n\u2713 Around 1.1 million families so far have been supported through this assistance. [29]\n\u27a2 Relocation support to households: 15,000 TRY, outright, one-off.\n\n\u2713 This support has been started to be distributed since 1 March 2023. [30]\n\u27a2 Rental support to households: 5,000 TRY to owners, an amount up to 3,500 TRY depending on the\n\nprovince to renters, outright, monthly for 12 months. [31]\n\n\u2713 The rental support has been increased from 1,500 TL to 3,500 TL in \u0130stanbul and to 3,000 TL\n\nin Ankara, Bursa, Antalya and \u0130zmir, whereas it has been raised to 2,500 TL in other big\nprovinces. The support has become 2,000 TL in the remaining provinces.\n\u2713 The rental supports are expected to be distributed starting from April. [32]\n\n\nCBIs by Other Partners\n\n\n- STL\u2019s strategy includes food assistance support through both the in-kind and CBI modalities. [33]\n\n- Under the In-Camp Programme of TRC and WFP, 2,500 TL will be provided in Adana Sar\u0131\u00e7am, Osmaniye Cevdetiye,\nKahramanmara\u015f, Kilis Elbeyli, Hatay Boynuyo\u011fun and Yaylada\u011f\u0131 TACs. Families who have been resettled in these TACs\nafter the earthquake will receive the assistance along with the former residents.\n\n- TRC and IFRC are distributing A101 vouchers worth of 500 TL (the maximum number of vouchers per household can\nbe three) via TRC branches, aiming to reach 180,000 beneficiaries in the eight affected provinces (Hatay,\nKahramanmara\u015f and Ad\u0131yaman are not included) and the remaining 70 provinces. This assistance is planned to\ncontinue for three months.\n\n- TRC, IFRC, WFP, UNICEF, and Save the Children are collaborating for a coordinated CVA response under a joint cash\nconsortium. Discussions and planning are ongoing to finalise the targeting criteria, MEB and transfer values etc.\n\n\u27a2 WFP increased its funding ask to $80 million to reach both the affected host community members and\n\nrefugees through relevant response activities including multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA). [34]\n\u27a2 USAID\u2019s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance expressed support for the stakeholders including WFP, IFRC and\n\nTRC in the endeavour of providing MPCA as emergency food support in T\u00fcrkiye. [35]\n\n- UNHCR is coordinating with the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB) to discuss possible\nsupport mechanisms to assist via a cash grant programme higher education students affected by the earthquakes. [36]\n\n\n**Economic Context**\n\n\nAccording to the estimates of the World Bank rapid damage assessment, the earthquakes of 6 February 2023 caused $34.2\nbillion in _direct physical damages_, which is equivalent to 4% T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s GDP in 2021. It is expected that recovery and\nreconstruction costs may be potentially twice or even thrice as large of this amount and that GDP losses caused by the\neconomic disruptions in the aftermath of the disaster would add on top of the overall cost as well. [37] The amount of _total_\n_costs_ estimated can be as high as $84 billion as per Turkish Enterprise and Business Confederation\u2019s (TURKONFED)\nassessment. [38]\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\nAgricultural and industrial sectors of T\u00fcrkiye are under a risk of contracting given that the affected provinces account for\napproximately 15% and 9% of the agricultural and industrial output of the country. [39] Also, considering that the affected\nregion was a key industrial area for exports [40] and the great capital stock losses recorded in the affected provinces (in Hatay,\nthe losses in the capital stock was estimated to be around 40% [41] ), it is expected that the economic growth of the country\nlikely will slow down for the foreseeable future, bringing forward the possibilities of increasing unemployment, lesser\nlivelihood opportunities and decreasing self-reliance of the affected communities and regions.\n\n\nIn this context, certain assessments including that of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)\nestimate that the net impact can be up to 1% of the GDP of the country in 2023, [42] depending on the condition of significantly\nenhanced fiscal expenditures. [43] All in all, the actual impact of earthquakes on the economy depends on the pre-existing\neconomic circumstances and the capacity of the economy to reallocate resources towards reconstruction along with the\nlevel of response spending and strength of institutional structures. [44]\n\n\nIn addition to the impact on the overall economic growth, there are also adverse impacts on inflation. After reaching the\nrecord high of 85.5% in October 2022, [45] [46] consumer price inflation has been slowing down in the last couple of months\nthrough the base effect [47] as expected and was reported as 55.2% in February 2023. [48] However, this trend of decrease may\ncome to a halt since due to the possible inflationary impacts of a fiscal stimulus package of $5.3 billion to offset the damages\nbrought about by the earthquakes. [49] In addition, the recent lowering of the interest rates are expected to fuel the upward\nmovement of prices along with a possibility of further currency depreciation against the dollar. [50] In this context, inflation\nrate is expected to be in the range of 40-50% (which is more on the side of rather conservative calculations) for some time\ndue to the impacts of the earthquakes, according to some officials. [51]\n\n\n**Way-forward**\n\n\nIn consequence, based on these risks of further economic vulnerabilities, increasing needs for cash assistance of the\naffected population should be focused on more to be able to provide cross-sectoral and harmonised response with all\nrelevant stakeholders in a coordinated and effective manner to restructure resilience and self-reliance of the affected\npopulations through their inclusion by respecting the commitment of \u2018doing no harm\u2019. In this sense, possible efforts that\ncan be considered may include:\n\n - restructuring and strengthening of supply chains and the provision of financial/banking services to enable effective\naccess to markets and financial capabilities to ensure that the conditions for successful CBI programmes are in\nplace,\n\n - initiating relevant cash assistance programmes (sector specific and multi-purpose) in a coordinated and\ncollaborative manner with all stakeholders under the lead of the GoT for the earthquake response,\n\n - including the affected populations in the relevant processes to ensure accountability as much as possible and to\nbe able to address their needs as effectively as possible, and\n\n - undertaking advocacy efforts with relevant stakeholders to ensure the most favourable conditions for the\nprovision of cash assistance to affected populations with an aim to strengthen the livelihoods opportunities by\nrebuilding self-reliance and resilience of systems, institutions, and affected populations.\n\n\ni A non-exhaustive list of up to 90 needs assessments related to the earthquake response in T\u00fcrkiye submitted to the Inter-Agency Assessment Survey Registry Tool were\nreviewed in search of cash assistance related findings. _T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Response: Inter-Agency Assessment Survey Registry Tool,_ 15 February 2023,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/275?sv=4&geo=113](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/275?sv=4&geo=113)\n1 The 11 most affected provinces include the 10 provinces where a state of emergency of three months has been declared (Ad\u0131yaman, Gaziantep, Kilis, Hatay, Malatya,\nDiyarbak\u0131r, Adana, Osmaniye, Kahramanmara\u015f and \u015eanl\u0131urfa) and Elaz\u0131\u011f. _Flash Appeal: T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake (February - April 2023)_, 16 February 2023,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98890](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98890)\n2 European Commission, Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO), _DG ECHO Thematic Policy Document No 3: Cash_\n_Transfers,_ [March 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/policies/sectoral/thematic_policy_document_no_3_cash_transfers_en.pdf](https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/policies/sectoral/thematic_policy_document_no_3_cash_transfers_en.pdf)\n3 TRC, _T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Situation Report III_ [, 7 March 2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023)\n4 TRC & IFRC, _Shaken to the Core: Assessing the Impact of the Earthquake on ESSN and C-ESSN Recipients,_ [18 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98934](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98934)\n5 The assessment was conducted by Relief International with 290 key informants in Ad\u0131yaman, Hatay, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaras, and Kilis. Relief International, _Rapid Needs_\n_Assessment Report T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Response_ [, 20 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98954](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98954)\n6 Ibid. & IOM, _T\u00fcrkiye EQ Rapid Site Assessment_ [, 7 March 2023, https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye/temporary-settlement-support-sector](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye/temporary-settlement-support-sector)\n7 TRC & IFRC, _Shaken to the Core: Assessing the Impact of the Earthquake on ESSN and C-ESSN Recipients,_ [18 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98934](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98934)\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "months\nthrough the base effect", - "confidence": 0.5493273735046387, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6844566464424133, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Assessment Survey Registry Tool", - "confidence": 0.7529611587524414, - "start": 697, - "end": 702 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.588429868221283, - "start": 699, - "end": 700 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.8202705979347229, - "start": 693, - "end": 694 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9864697456359863, - "start": 725, - "end": 726 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.9253362417221069, - "start": 606, - "end": 608 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Needs_\n_Assessment Report T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Response_", - "confidence": 0.7770984768867493, - "start": 900, - "end": 906 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.9239964485168457, - "start": 902, - "end": 903 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ibid. & IOM", - "confidence": 0.6886079907417297, - "start": 914, - "end": 918 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.8488317728042603, - "start": 903, - "end": 904 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9811612963676453, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5831321477890015, - "start": 957, - "end": 958 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n8 Save the Children (StC), _T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Response, Rapid Needs Assessment For Hatay, Kahramanmara\u015f, Adiyaman, Gaziantep,_ 14 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F041990ee-f57f-4be4-9cda-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F041990ee-f57f-4be4-9cda-94f0f8304a7f%2FTurkey_Earthquake_Response_RNA_Report_150223_SCI-22_57_10.pdf)\n[94f0f8304a7f%2FTurkey_Earthquake_Response_RNA_Report_150223_SCI-22_57_10.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F041990ee-f57f-4be4-9cda-94f0f8304a7f%2FTurkey_Earthquake_Response_RNA_Report_150223_SCI-22_57_10.pdf)\n9 IFRC, _IFRC T\u00fcrkiye Information Management: Secondary Data Review (SDR), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake, Initial Review - Shelter & Displacement,_ 28 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fb5f78afd-3559-477c-b2c6-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fb5f78afd-3559-477c-b2c6-47367c76f936%2FIFRC_Turkiye_Secondary_Data_Review_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement-16_36_56.pdf)\n[47367c76f936%2FIFRC_Turkiye_Secondary_Data_Review_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement-16_36_56.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fb5f78afd-3559-477c-b2c6-47367c76f936%2FIFRC_Turkiye_Secondary_Data_Review_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement-16_36_56.pdf)\n10 SAMS, _Observations from Earthquake Region, T\u00fcrkiye,_ [17 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98908](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98908)\n11 UNFPA, _Earthquake Situation Report #2 - 17 February 2023,_ [17 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98957](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98957)\n12 FAO, _T\u00fcrkiye_ _Initial_ _Assessment_ _on_ _possible_ _impacts_ _of_ _earthquake_ _in_ _11_ _provinces,_ 28 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F79dcd116-5c20-4661-8938-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F79dcd116-5c20-4661-8938-fdb951c3b5a6%2FInitial_Assessment_of_Earthquake-16_14_48.pdf)\n[fdb951c3b5a6%2FInitial_Assessment_of_Earthquake-16_14_48.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F79dcd116-5c20-4661-8938-fdb951c3b5a6%2FInitial_Assessment_of_Earthquake-16_14_48.pdf) ; ACAPS, T _\u00fcrkiye/Syria Profiles of earthquake affected governorates,_ 13 February 2023,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98771](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98771)\n13 Building Markets, _Rapid Needs Assessment: The February 2023 Earthquake\u2019s Immediate Impact on Syrian SMEs in T\u00fcrkiye_ [, 1 March 2023, https://buildingmarkets.org/needs-](https://buildingmarkets.org/needs-assessment-earthquake-2023/)\n[assessment-earthquake-2023/](https://buildingmarkets.org/needs-assessment-earthquake-2023/)\n14 CARE International, _Rapid_ _Gender_ _Analysis_ _Policy_ _Brief:_ _T\u00fcrkiye_ _&_ _Northwest_ _Syria_ _Earthquake_ _Response_, 16 February 2023,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98892](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98892)\n15 IFRC, _Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquake Operation - Federation-Wide Situation Report,_ [11 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/98881](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/98881)\n\n16 TRC, _T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Situation Report III_ [, 7 March 2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023)\n17 Relief International, _Rapid Needs Assessment Report T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Response_ [, 20 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98954](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98954)\n18 TRC & IFRC, _Rapid Market Assessment - A Dire Humanitarian Situation_ [, 14 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325)\n19 TRC & IFRC, _Kahramanmara\u015f_ _Earthquake_ _/_ _T\u00fcrkiye_ _-_ _Consultation_ _with_ _The_ _Communities_, 28 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf)\n[23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf)\n20 TRC & IFRC, _Rapid Market Assessment - A Dire Humanitarian Situation_ [, 14 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325)\n21 Anadolu Agency (AA), _Banking sector is on full alert for branches affected by earthquakes_ [, 14 February 2023, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/bankacilik-sektoru-](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/bankacilik-sektoru-depremlerden-etkilenen-subeler-icin-tam-teyakkuzda/2819300)\n[depremlerden-etkilenen-subeler-icin-tam-teyakkuzda/2819300](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/bankacilik-sektoru-depremlerden-etkilenen-subeler-icin-tam-teyakkuzda/2819300)\n22 TRC & IFRC, _Rapid Market Assessment - A Dire Humanitarian Situation,_ [14 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325)\n23 For example, \u201caccording to the most recent information, 75% of the Halkbank branches in affected 11 provinces are functioning.\u201d TRC, _T\u00fcrkiye Situation Report of Kizilaykart_\n_Coordinatorship,_ 6 March 2023, [https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F739d43f0-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F739d43f0-15da-4dd0-8e1a-ebd7328b7a95%2FTRC_-_Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Earthquake_Situation_Report_of_KIZILAYKART_06.03.2023-12_16_42.pdf)\n[15da-4dd0-8e1a-ebd7328b7a95%2FTRC_-_Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Earthquake_Situation_Report_of_KIZILAYKART_06.03.2023-12_16_42.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F739d43f0-15da-4dd0-8e1a-ebd7328b7a95%2FTRC_-_Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Earthquake_Situation_Report_of_KIZILAYKART_06.03.2023-12_16_42.pdf)\n\n24 Republic of T\u00fcrkiye [, Ministry of Commerce, 13 February 2023, https://twitter.com/ticaret/status/1625062145732841472/photo/1](https://twitter.com/ticaret/status/1625062145732841472/photo/1)\n25 TRC & IFRC, _Rapid Market Assessment - A Dire Humanitarian Situation,_ [14 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99325)\n26 TRC & IFRC, _Kahramanmara\u015f_ _Earthquake_ _/_ _T\u00fcrkiye_ _-_ _Consultation_ _with_ _The_ _Communities_, 28 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf)\n[23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F3d4db33d-cbc1-46b3-a129-23838765d96e%2FTRC-IFRC_-_Consultation_with__Communities_TRC-17_23_28.pdf)\n27 Relief International, _T\u00fcrkiye_ _and_ _Syria_ _Earthquake,_ _Emergency_ _situation_ _update_ _#4,_ 19 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F84778a18-e969-41d5-8aa5-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F84778a18-e969-41d5-8aa5-67244f7bcbdc%2FRI-_Earthquake_Regional_SitRep_4-16_55_9.pdf)\n[67244f7bcbdc%2FRI-_Earthquake_Regional_SitRep_4-16_55_9.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F84778a18-e969-41d5-8aa5-67244f7bcbdc%2FRI-_Earthquake_Regional_SitRep_4-16_55_9.pdf)\n\n28 TRC, _T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Situation Report III_ [, 7 March 2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/turkiye-earthquakes-situation-report-iii-07032023)\n29 AFAD, _Our Esteemed Minister Soylu: We have water in our stocks from the first day and it is increasing day by day,_ [5 March 2023, https://www.afad.gov.tr/bakanimiz-sn-](https://www.afad.gov.tr/bakanimiz-sn-soylu-ilk-gunden-itibaren-stoklarimizda-su-bulunuyor-ve-her-gecen-gun-artiyor-merkezicerik)\n[soylu-ilk-gunden-itibaren-stoklarimizda-su-bulunuyor-ve-her-gecen-gun-artiyor-merkezicerik](https://www.afad.gov.tr/bakanimiz-sn-soylu-ilk-gunden-itibaren-stoklarimizda-su-bulunuyor-ve-her-gecen-gun-artiyor-merkezicerik)\n\n30 AFAD, Our _Esteemed_ President Erdo\u011fan: We Are Starting to Pay 15 Thousand Liras of Relocation Assistance to Earthquake Survivors as of Today, 1 March 2023,\n[https://www.afad.gov.tr/cumhurbaskanimiz-sn-erdogan-depremzedelerimize-15-bin-lira-tasinma-yardimini-bugun-itibariyla-odemeye-basliyoruz-merkezicerik](https://www.afad.gov.tr/cumhurbaskanimiz-sn-erdogan-depremzedelerimize-15-bin-lira-tasinma-yardimini-bugun-itibariyla-odemeye-basliyoruz-merkezicerik)\n31 Anadolu Agency (AA), _'We are increasing the rent aid to 3 thousand 500 liras in Istanbul to support urban support'_ [, 9 March 2023, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629)\n[murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629)\n32 Anadolu Agency (AA), _'We are increasing the rent aid to 3 thousand 500 liras in Istanbul to support urban support'_ [, 9 March 2023, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629)\n[murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629](https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-murat-kurum-kentsel-donusumu-desteklemek-amaciyla-kira-yardimini-istanbulda-3-bin-500-liraya-cikariyoruz/2840629)\n33 Support to Life, _Earthquake_ _Emergency_ _Situation_ _Report_ _17_ _February_ _2023,_ 18 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fa632d05a-31c3-4fc5-b18f-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fa632d05a-31c3-4fc5-b18f-e7b3db8490a8%2FSTL_-_230217_STL_SITREP-16_53_26.pdf)\n[e7b3db8490a8%2FSTL_-_230217_STL_SITREP-16_53_26.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2Fa632d05a-31c3-4fc5-b18f-e7b3db8490a8%2FSTL_-_230217_STL_SITREP-16_53_26.pdf)\n34 WFP, _T\u00fcrkiye_ _and_ _Syria_ _Earthquake_ _Response,_ _Situation_ _Report_ _#4,_ 21 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F8e0fe940-1925-42dc-adc6-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F8e0fe940-1925-42dc-adc6-d2113e130de8%2FWFP_-_Turkiye_and_Syria_Earthquake_Response_External_Situation_Report4-11_44_24.pdf)\n[d2113e130de8%2FWFP_-_Turkiye_and_Syria_Earthquake_Response_External_Situation_Report4-11_44_24.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F8e0fe940-1925-42dc-adc6-d2113e130de8%2FWFP_-_Turkiye_and_Syria_Earthquake_Response_External_Situation_Report4-11_44_24.pdf)\n35 US Agency for International Development (USAID), _T\u00fcrkiye and Syria - Earthquakes Fact Sheet #6, Fiscal Year (FY) 2023,_ 21 February 2023,\n[https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F62407713-9e66-4242-95ce-](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F62407713-9e66-4242-95ce-a68bf8749496%2FUSAID_-_T%C3%BCrkiye_and_Syria_-_Earthquakes_Fact_Sheet_6_Fiscal_Year_FY_2023_February_21_2023-11_10_9.pdf)\n[a68bf8749496%2FUSAID_-_T%C3%BCrkiye_and_Syria_-_Earthquakes_Fact_Sheet_6_Fiscal_Year_FY_2023_February_21_2023-11_10_9.pdf](https://kobocat.unhcr.org/media/original?media_file=imturkey%2Fattachments%2F0a03b9467be64673b19fc7c13fab7df5%2F62407713-9e66-4242-95ce-a68bf8749496%2FUSAID_-_T%C3%BCrkiye_and_Syria_-_Earthquakes_Fact_Sheet_6_Fiscal_Year_FY_2023_February_21_2023-11_10_9.pdf)\n36 UNHCR, _Emergency Response to Earthquake_ [, 27 February 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99195](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99195)\n37 World Bank, _Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report : February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes - T\u00fcrkiye Report,_ 27 February 2023,\n[https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099022723021250141/p1788430aeb62f08009b2302bd4074030fb](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099022723021250141/p1788430aeb62f08009b2302bd4074030fb)\n38 Turkish Enterprise and Business Confederation (TURKONFED), 2023 _Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquake: Pre-Assessment & Status Report,_ 10 February 2023,\n[https://turkonfed.org/Files/ContentFile/turkonfed2023kahramanmarasearthquakepre-assessmentstatusreport021223-9583.pdf](https://turkonfed.org/Files/ContentFile/turkonfed2023kahramanmarasearthquakepre-assessmentstatusreport021223-9583.pdf)\n39 Wall Street Journal (WSJ), _T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s_ Financial Markets Shudder as Earthquake Economic Costs Mount, 8 February 2023, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkeys-](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkeys-financial-markets-shudder-as-earthquake-economic-costs-mount-11675880430)\n[financial-markets-shudder-as-earthquake-economic-costs-mount-11675880430](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkeys-financial-markets-shudder-as-earthquake-economic-costs-mount-11675880430)\n40 Wall Street Journal (WSJ), _T\u00fcrkiye Cuts Rates Despite Risk of Stoking Post-Earthquake Inflation_ [, 23 February 2023, https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385b)\n[risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385b](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385b)\n41 World Bank, _Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report : February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes - T\u00fcrkiye Report,_ 27 February 2023,\n[https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099022723021250141/p1788430aeb62f08009b2302bd4074030fb](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099022723021250141/p1788430aeb62f08009b2302bd4074030fb)\n42 Reuters, _T\u00fcrkiye earthquake could result in loss of up to 1% of country's GDP in 2023_ [, 16 February 2023, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-earthquake-](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-earthquake-could-result-loss-up-1-countrys-gdp-2023-2023-02-16/)\n[could-result-loss-up-1-countrys-gdp-2023-2023-02-16/](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-earthquake-could-result-loss-up-1-countrys-gdp-2023-2023-02-16/)\n43 Aksoy et al., _The impact of the 2023 earthquakes on T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s economy: First estimates,_ 26 February 2023, [https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/impact-2023-earthquakes-](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/impact-2023-earthquakes-turkiyes-economy-first-estimates)\n[turkiyes-economy-first-estimates](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/impact-2023-earthquakes-turkiyes-economy-first-estimates)\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cash Assistance Needs and Efforts in the Context of**\n**the Earthquake Response T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n44 Hallegatte et al., _Macroeconomic consequences of natural disasters: A modelling proposal and application to floods and earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye_, World Bank Policy Research\nWorking Paper No. 9943, 2022, [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37060 ; DuRose,](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37060) _Why earthquakes are deadlier depending on where you live: What_\n_Turkey and Syria\u2019s deadly earthquakes reveal about wealth,_ [13 February 2023, https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/2/13/23594222/turkey-syria-earthquake-disaster-](https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/2/13/23594222/turkey-syria-earthquake-disaster-infrastructure-income-chile-haiti)\n[infrastructure-income-chile-haiti](https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/2/13/23594222/turkey-syria-earthquake-disaster-infrastructure-income-chile-haiti)\n45 This was the highest inflation rate recorded since 1998. Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), _Consumer Price Index, October 2022_, 3 November 2022,\nhttps://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-October-2022[45799&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2065.26%25%20in%20October%202022.;](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-October-2022-45799&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2065.26%25%20in%20October%202022) _Bloomberg, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Quake_\n_Response Risks Returning Inflation to Upward Path_ [, 3 March 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall)\n[to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall)\n46 The inflation rate was recorded as 84.4%, 64.3% and 57.7% respectively in November and December 2022 and January 2023. TURKSTAT, _Consumer Price Index, November_\n_2022,_ _[https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-November-2022-](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-November-2022-45800&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2070.36%25%20in%20November%202022)_\n_[45800&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2070.36%25%20in%20November%202022.](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-November-2022-45800&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2070.36%25%20in%20November%202022)_ _;_ _December_ _2022,_\n_https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-December-2022-_\n_[49651&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2072.31%25%20in%20December%202022.](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-December-2022-49651&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2072.31%25%20in%20December%202022)_ _;_ _January_ _2023,_\n_https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-January-2023-_\n_[49655&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2072.45%25%20in%20January%202023.](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-January-2023-49655&dil=2#:~:text=TURKSTAT%20Corporate&text=A%20change%20in%20general%20index,by%2072.45%25%20in%20January%202023)_\n47 The monthly inflation rate is calculated as the change in the consumer price index (CPI) compared to the same month of the previous year; hence, the base effect is the\n\u201ccontribution to the change in the year-on-year inflation rate in a particular month that stems from a deviation of the month-on-month rate of change in the base month (i.e.\nthe same month one year earlier) from the usual seasonal pattern.\u201d Thus, considering that the inflation rate increased in a distinctively exceptional way in 2022, it was expected\nto decelerate in 2023 based on these high base effects. In this respect, the decrease in the inflation rate observed in the recent moths and culminating in February 2023 can be\npartly explained with the base effect even though the current inflation rate is more than 10 times the 5% target rate. European Central Bank (ECB _), Economic and Monetary_\n_Developments: Prices and Costs, The Role of Base Effects in Driving Recent and Prospective Developments in Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) Inflation_, ECB Monthly\n[Bulleting 33, January 2007, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/mb200701_focus03.en.pdf ; Bloomberg](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/mb200701_focus03.en.pdf) _, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Quake Response Risks Returning Inflation to Upward_\n_Path_ [, 3 March 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall)\n48 TURKSTAT, _Consumer Price Index, February 2023_ [, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-February-2023-49656](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-February-2023-49656)\n49 _Bloomberg, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Quake Response Risks Returning Inflation to Upward Path_, 3 March 2023, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall)\n[response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-03/turkey-s-quake-response-risks-returning-inflation-to-upward-path?leadSource=uverify%20wall)\n50 Wall Street Journal (WSJ), _T\u00fcrkiye Cuts Rates Despite Risk of Stoking Post-Earthquake Inflation_ [, 23 February 2023, https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385)\n[risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385](https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-cuts-rates-despite-risk-of-stoking-post-earthquake-inflation-9b079385)\n51 Reuters, _Earthquake will keep Turkish inflation above 40%, additional budget needed -official,_ [24 February 2023, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/earthquake-](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/earthquake-will-keep-turkish-inflation-above-40-additional-budget-needed-2023-02-23/)\n[will-keep-turkish-inflation-above-40-additional-budget-needed-2023-02-23/](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/earthquake-will-keep-turkish-inflation-above-40-additional-budget-needed-2023-02-23/)\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TURKSTAT", - "confidence": 0.8603109121322632, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5290195345878601, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "November_\n_2022", - "confidence": 0.5947009325027466, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consumer price index", - "confidence": 0.518829345703125, - "start": 406, - "end": 409 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8953945636749268, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6546862125396729, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices", - "confidence": 0.7984957695007324, - "start": 581, - "end": 586 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European Central Bank", - "confidence": 0.7719698548316956, - "start": 552, - "end": 555 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.792238712310791, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e89ea9a-9217-4dcc-9e85-b005e87e50f1/Cash%20Assistance%20Needs%20and%20Efforts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20the%20Earthquake%20Response%20in%20T%C3%83%C2%BCrkiye.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_295/raw/doc_295_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_295/raw/doc_295_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cb9cc5c09b7ec9241a4658d1e44ad571c9199023..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_295/raw/doc_295_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of 30 June 2020 summary)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThere has been little change since June 2020 in this domain and no specific national fiscal or budget policy\nis yet in place to provide additional financial transfers to areas most affected by the presence of refugees.\nFinancial contributions for these areas still rely on projects and programs funded by external donors.\n\n\nThe government\u2019s priorities remain focused on: (i) Defence and security, peace, social cohesion and national\nreconciliation; (ii) Good governance and the rule of Law; and (iii) Return to constitutional order. In practice,\nregarding transfers from central to local level, the Government of Chad continues to allocate twenty\npercent of its budget to security, excluding other social sectors, amid ongoing challenges from conflicts in\nneighboring countries, and economic and climatic crises.\n\n\nAs of 30 June 2023, only 1.6 per cent of Chad\u2019s population is covered by the social protection framework,\nand the country spends 0.1 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product on social protection (excluding health\nand education expenses). After a lengthy process, the document for the new National Social Protection\nStrategy (SNPS) 2022-2026 has been finalized and is awaiting validation and signature by the transitional\ngovernment. The new SNPS spanning four years aims to gradually establish a comprehensive, effective\nand efficient social protection system that addresses financial needs, livelihood security, risk management,\nvulnerability reduction and access to basic social services for all individuals residing in Chad, including\nrefugees.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nOn 27 June 2023, Chad\u2019s National Transitional Council (CNT) officially adopted the proposed new\nConstitution. This Constitution aims to restore constitutional order and conclude the transition initiated\nafter the passing of former President Idriss D\u00e9by on 19 April 2021. Drawing from the 1996 Constitution,\nthe document incorporates recommendations from the national dialogue. Notably, the reinstatement\nof institutions such as the Senate, the High Court of Justice and the Supreme Court occurs, preserving\nthe decentralized unitary state. Half of the cross-cutting recommendations from the Sovereign National\nInclusive Dialogue (DNIS) concentrate on fostering social cohesion. The primary focus of the Post-DNIS\nTransition Specifications\u2019 initial strategic axis revolves around Defence, Security, Peace, Social Cohesion\nand National Reconciliation. Consequently, the Ministry of National Reconciliation and Social Cohesion has\nbeen established.\n\n\n[As part of the RESILAC project funded by the European Union (EU) and the French Development Agency](https://www.urd.org/fr/publication/rapports-de-capitalisation-du-projet-resilac-2020-2022/)\n[(AFD), the capitalization report on the implementation of social cohesion activities in the Lake Chad basin](https://www.urd.org/fr/publication/rapports-de-capitalisation-du-projet-resilac-2020-2022/)\n[(2022)](https://www.urd.org/fr/publication/rapports-de-capitalisation-du-projet-resilac-2020-2022/) recommended strengthening social cohesion at various levels (community members, groups,\ninstitutions) and adopting a cross-cutting approach coupled with economic recovery and institutional\nsupport activities.\n\n\nDuring the covered period, a National Development Plan spanning 2022-2026 has been prepared, to\nsupplant the National Development Plan document (2019-2021) which has lapsed, but it has not been\nadopted. The updated plan maintains provisions for establishing consensual mechanisms for the peaceful\nresolution of conflicts. This involves reinforcing the legal framework to foster trust between communities and\nsecurity forces, facilitating socio-security dialogue, promoting peaceful coexistence and fostering respect\nfor differences.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nEven though the [Law 021-PR-2019 on legal aid and judicial assistance was enacted in 2019, its implementation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f00834.html)\nhas been stalled due to the absence of an implementing Decree. Chad is planning to commit to adopting\nthis Decree at the 2023 December Global Forum on Refugees.\n\n\nFurthermore, it also important to note that the new asylum legislation enacted during the prescribed period\nhas also incorporated a few provisions to promote peaceful coexistence including through securing the\nright of refugees and asylum-seekers to access State legal aid services to prevent and/or resolve conflict.\n\n\nGiven that the refugee population is up to three or four times larger than the local population in certain\nareas hosting refugees, mainly in Eastern Chad, there is an increased risk of tensions due to already limited\nresources. Nevertheless, on a broader scale and across the entire territory, refugees continue to peacefully\ncoexist with the local population, facilitated by strong ethnic and cultural bonds, along with shared common\ntraditions. Mixed committees, comprising both refugees and members of the host community, remain active\nin all refugee camps and sites. Their objective is to promote peaceful coexistence and proactively address\nconflicts. Women continue to play a crucial role in conveying messages of peace and social cohesion,\ncontributing significantly to dispute resolution efforts.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThere has been no significant change in national environmental protection and resource management\npolicies. The existing policies continue to lack clarity concerning their application to refugees and/or host\ncommunities.\n\n\nThe floods in 2022 had adverse effects in 18 out of the 23 provinces, including Lac, Mayo Kebbi Est, Mayo\nKebi Ouest, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Tandjil\u00e9 and Mandoul. These consequences resulted in\nthe loss of agricultural land and livestock, and heightened risks to food security. In October 2022, authorities\nresponded by declaring a state of emergency and offering financial assistance to affected individuals,\nincluding refugees hosted in these rural areas, to meet their shelter and essential needs. Specific sites were\nidentified to temporally accommodate the displaced individuals irrespective of their status.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe National Commission for the Reception, Reintegration of Refugees and Repatriates (Commission\nNationale d\u2019Accueil de R\u00e9insertion des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des Rapatri\u00e9s, CNARR) remains the national institutional\nbody to respond to new refugee inflows. The four-year strategy of CNARR (2019-2023), which includes\nmobilization provisions in case of emergencies, continues to be applied. The CNARR continues to work\nwith UNHCR and other United Nations organizations to support and guide its response to refugee inflows,\nparticularly in cases of emergency.\n\n\nIn response to the recent arrival from Sudan from mid-April 2023 to the present, humanitarian agencies\nacted swiftly to support the government\u2019s request. They coordinated a comprehensive, multisectoral\nhumanitarian response on the ground under the Refugee Coordination Model previously used during\nthe inflow of refugees from Cameroon and Central African Republic. This involved establishing sectoral\ngroups to ensure a consistent and comprehensive approach. While development actors were not directly\nengaged in formulating and financing emergency plans, they received regular updates on the implemented\nresponses by CNARR and UNHCR.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\n[Chad, already a state party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol,](https://www.unhcr.org/fr/media/convention-et-protocole-relatifs-au-statut-des-refugies)\nand the [1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, enacted](https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36400-treaty-0005_-_oau_convention_governing_the_specific_aspects_of_refugee_problems_in_africa_e.pdf)\n[a new asylum Law on 31 December 2020 (Loi No. 027/PR/2020 Portant Asile en R\u00e9publique du Tchad).](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/606334e04.pdf)\n\nDespite a historically enabling environment for refugees and other forcibly displaced in Chad, the lack of\na specific refugee legal framework has been a longstanding issue. The new 2020 asylum Law contributed\nto addressing this vacuum and enhances the existing national institutional framework for the protection\n[of refugees and asylum-seekers assumed by CNARR, as established by the 2011 Decree establishing the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efe754.html)\n[National Commission for the Reception, Reintegration of Refugees and Returnees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efe754.html) (D\u00e9cret n\u00b0839/PR/PM/\nMAT/2011, CNARR). This latter remains in force given the role played by CNARR to supervise the refugee\nmanagement in the country. The new asylum Law clarifies the principles applicable to refugees and asylumseekers to ensure their protection and provides a legal basis for their civil and socio-economic rights, including\nfreedom of movement, access to justice, the right to work, healthcare, education and land. Additionally, the\nnew asylum Law grants refugees the same rights as Chadian citizens regarding education, healthcare and\nsocial protection. It also provides for the recognition of the refugee identity card as a residence permit.\n\n\nOn 25 April 2023, in the midst of significant arrivals from Sudan, the Transition President promulgated\n[Decree No. 0648/PT/PM/MATDBG/2023 implementing the asylum Law (Decret d\u2019application de la loi d\u2019asile](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\n[n\u00b00648/PT/PM/MATDBG/2023 portant modalit\u00e9s d\u2019application de la loi du 31 d\u00e9cembre 2020). This 2023](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nDecree establishes the measures to operationalize the provisions of the 2020 asylum Law. Henceforth, the\ncombined set of legal instruments, comprising the 2020 asylum Law and the 2023 Decree, is referred to as\nthe asylum legislation.\n\n\nThe 2023 Decree outlines the procedures for reception and registering asylum-seekers arriving in Chad. It\ndetails the individualized refugee status determination (RSD) procedure, covering interview modalities, RSD\nassessments, and final adjudication by the Sub Eligibility Commission. Additionally, the Decree introduces\nan accelerated RSD procedure for specific groups, including unaccompanied and separated children,\nvictims of torture and gender-based violence, and vulnerable asylum-seekers. It also addresses prima facie\nrefugee recognition for mass influxes due to violence or unrest, or for groups of asylum-seekers with similar\ncharacteristics. The Decree includes appeal procedures for first instance rejected asylum-seekers which is\ndealt with by a Sub-Commission of Appeal stipulating that the decisions taken by this body are reasoned\nand endorsed by an order taken by the Minister in charge of territorial administration. The same Decree also\nindicates that decisions of the Appeals Sub-Commission are subject to appeal before the administrative\nchamber of the Supreme Court. The Decree also outlines the processes for exclusion, cessation, revocation\nand cancellation of refugee status. Additionally, the Decree outlines the specific legal and judicial assistance\nthat asylum-seekers and refugees can benefit from in the national asylum procedure, but also for the any\nother matters/conflict.\n\n\nConsistent with the recent legislation consolidating past practices, CNARR, through its Eligibility Sub\nCommission, remains the primary authority for asylum at first instance. Over the past three years, CNARR\nhas employed prima facie refugee recognition during the registration phase for asylum-seekers from Central\nAfrican Republican hosted in the South of Chad, those from Nigeria hosted in the Western Chad, and equally\nfor those fleeing Sudan, including for non-Chadian persons forcibly displaced since the outbreak of 15 April\n2023. Other asylum-seekers have undergone an individualized RSD procedure handled by CNARR. While\nthere have been some enhancements in asylum legislation, notably with the recent promulgation of the\n2023 Decree aiming to improve the efficiency of individualized RSD procedures, implementation challenges\npersist. Issues include permanent rotation of CNARR staff, inadequate training for CNARR eligibility officers\nin interview techniques, legal assessments and the use of country-of-origin information. Non-compliance\nwith first-instance asylum processing delays stipulated in the asylum legislation is also observed. Despite\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe introduction of accelerated procedures in the 2023 Decree, some asylum-seekers with vulnerabilities\nwait for a first-instance asylum decision for several months. It is crucial to note that asylum-seekers do not\nhave the same rights as recognized refugees, limiting their socio-economic integration. Additionally, the\nbudget of CNARR remains mostly funded by UNHCR.\n\n\nThe asylum legislation, available in French and Arabic, is not well-known among some local administrative\nauthorities and host communities. Despite ongoing information sessions and capacity development\nconducted by CNARR with UNHCR support, the impact is constrained by high personnel turnover in central\nand provincial administrations. CNARR, supported by UNHCR, has launched a campaign to disseminate\ninformation about the new refugee Law. Additional efforts are essential for effective dissemination, especially\nin remote areas hosting refugees and asylum-seekers, particularly with the recent release of the 2023\nDecree implementing the 2020 Asylum Law.\n\n\nFurthermore, on 1 June 2023, the Transitional National Council also enacted [Law No. 012/PT/2023](https://www.refworld.org/docid/648710104.html) relating to\nthe protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in the Republic of Chad. This Law establishes\nthe legal framework to assist internally displaced persons, serving as a guiding, preventive and assistance\ntool for both the state and other relevant actors in addressing internal displacement.\nThis has resulted in instances of arbitrary arrests and detentions of refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe new asylum legislation establishes predictable legal arrangements for the stay of refugees and asylum[seekers in Chad. Article 31 of the 2020 Law mandates the issuance of a refugee ID card by the competent](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nauthority. This card serves as both an authorization to stay in Chad and a residency permit, allowing freedom\nof movement for refugees within the conditions specified by Law. The second paragraph of Article 14 of the\n2020 asylum Law stipulates that an asylum-seeker certificate is valid for six months and equivalent to an\nauthorization to stay in Chad, is issued by CNARR and renewed until the Eligibility Sub Commission takes\na decision on his/her refugee status.\n\n\n[Furthermore, Article 65 of the 2023 Decree specifies that refugees or asylum-seekers with a (provisional)](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nresidence permit have the right to reside and move within the Chadian territory, like Chadian nationals. This\nlegislation aligns with previous practices, and there has been no change in the duration and legality of stay\nfor refugees and asylum-seekers in Chad. In practice, renewals of asylum-seekers\u2019 certificates and refugee\nidentity cards by the authorities continue without difficulty. Over 80 per cent of consulted asylum-seekers in\n2021 reported no difficulties with the renewal of their asylum-seeker certificates.\n\n\nArticle 36 of the 2020 Asylum Law guarantees protection against refoulement. The 2023 Decree also\ndetails specific provisions to ensure effective respect to the non-refoulement principles including Articles\n51, 52 and 53. The Law also outlines legal provisions for cessation clauses, cancellation and revocation of\nrefugee status, adhering to international refugee law standards. Over the past three years, there has been\nno documented case of refoulement involving a refugee or asylum-seeker, nor has there been any reported\ncase of the unlawful termination of refugee status. Despite over half of arriving asylum-seekers lacking\nidentity or civil registry documentation, there have been no issues reported regarding their admission to\nthe territory.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nAccording to Article 38 of the [2020 Asylum Law, the institutional framework for the protection of asylum-](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nseekers and refugees remains defined by [Decret n\u00b0839/PR/PM/MAT/2011, which establishes CNARR. In](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/609efe754.pdf)\nessence, the introduction of the new asylum legislation in Chad has not altered the institutional framework for\nasylum. This legal reform has codified existing practices and brought clarity to the implementation of Decree\nNo. 11-839, which outlines the creation, organization and responsibilities of CNARR.\n\n\nIn practice, CNARR, which still operates under the Ministry of Public Security, Territorial Administration and\nLocal Governance (MSPARGL), remains responsible for coordinating the implementation of legal provisions\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nrelated to refugees. CNARR continues to be responsible for coordinating the protection of refugees. Its tasks\ninclude safeguarding the well-being of refugees and asylum-seekers, managing issues related to them (such as\nidentification and registration, document issuance and camp administration), and maintaining communication\nwith relevant ministries. These ministries encompass Foreign Affairs, Security, Defence, Justice, Finance, Social\nAffairs, Human Rights, Economy, Education, Health and Water. CNARR also provides advice to the MSPARGL\non sustainable solutions. Challenges faced by CNARR in coordinating efforts among various stakeholders and\ndonors persist, mainly due to a shortage of stable, qualified human resources and limited financial capacity. In\nthese circumstances and as specified by Article 55 of the [2023 Decree, UNHCR continues to support CNARR](http://2023 Decreehttps://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nfor the refugee response coordination using the established refugee coordination model. Coordination\nmeetings with external partners are jointly chaired by the government counterpart (CNARR or prefect) and\nUNHCR. CNARR maintains a presence in all refugee camps and most refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nFurthermore, the Ministry of Education continues to collect data on refugee and asylum-seekers students for the\neducation management information system. The same applies with the Ministry of Health; data on refugee and\nasylum-seekers are included in the national health information system. The government is working on releasing\nbreakdowns of pupils by legal status (nationals and refugees). Additionally, the Government continues to work\nto include refugees in the national civil registry database. However, the technical and financial prerequisites\nfor this are not yet in place. Furthermore, UNHCR has long been advocating for refugees and asylum-seekers\nto be included in the future national population and household census, and there is now apparent agreement\nfrom the government on this principle.\n\n\nThe established mechanisms in refugee camps and in N\u2019Djamena to ensure substantial refugee participation\nat local levels remain functional. This includes elected committees representing refugees, along with separate\ncommittees for men, women and children/young individuals. Sectoral committees such as those for livelihoods,\nchild protection, education and healthcare are also still active. Additionally, inclusive and mixed committees\nof leaders or sectoral representatives in refugee hosting villages continue to facilitate interaction between\nmembers of both communities, addressing both general and specific issues. During the COVID-19 pandemic,\nwhen physical access to refugees became difficult due to government restrictions, alternative communication\nmethods (e.g. posters, banners, radio announcements, phone calls and SMS), and mobile protection teams,\nwere utilized by CNARR to stay in touch with refugee communities.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[The new asylum legislation - specifically Article 31 of the 2020 Law and Article 73 of the 2023 Decree](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) provides for the issuance of refugee identity cards by the competent national authority. It outlines that the\nrefugee identity card is valid for five years, renewable and is issued for each refugee of 18 years old and\nabove. Despite this new asylum legislation, UNHCR continues to give substantial support to the Refugee\nGovernment counterpart, CNARR, including by issuing individual refugee cards to adults, family refugee\nattestations and household ration cards. There have been no changes in the documentation process for\nadult refugees and asylum-seekers. Additionally, UNHCR continue to support CNARR to issue asylumseeker certificates valid for six months and their renewal.\n\n\nDuring the 2019 Global Refugee Forum, the Government of Chad committed, among other things, to\nissuing biometric Refugee Identity Cards and Machine-Readable Refugee Convention Travel Documents\n(MRCTDs) to meet international standards. A study by the National Agency for Secure Documents (Agence\nNationale des Titres S\u00e9curis\u00e9s, ANATS), the only competent authority for issuing biometric identity and\ntravel documents, outlined a technical proposal released in March 2023 for the project\u2019s implementation,\nbut financial resources are currently lacking to operationalize this pledge. As of 30 June 2023, no biometric\nidentity card neither CTD has been delivered by the competent national authorities (ANATS) to refugees.\n\n\nThe 2023 Decree specifies that CNARR and UNHCR collaboratively handle the reception and pre-registration\nof new arrivals at the international border, following the completion of police formalities. The pre-registration\nspecifically pertains to situations involving arrivals in groups. In practice, the entire registration of newly\narrived asylum-seekers remains jointly conducted by CNARR and UNHCR. This involves collecting all the\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nbiometric and individual data of asylum-seekers in the UNHCR-managed refugee management database,\nensuring that this process remains distinct from the registration of an asylum application carried out strictly\nby CNARR.\n\n\nArticle 31 of the 2020 Law and Article 73 of the 2023 Decree outline that refugees are entitled by the\ncompetent authorities to be issued with civil status documents including birth certificates, death certificates\nand marriage certificates on par with nationals. Furthermore, the specific legal framework on civil status\n[documents consists of the National Civil Status Code and Law No. 008/PR/2013 of 10 May 2013, governing](http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tchad-Loi-no-13-08-Etat-Civil-10-mai-2013.pdf)\ncivil status organizations in the Republic of Chad. Under Decree No. 660/PR/PM/MATSP/2015, establishing\nthe modalities of application of the Law of 10 May 2013, all births in Chad are subject to a mandatory\nregistration requirement. In line with this universal principle of civil registration, all foreigners, including\nrefugees and asylum-seekers to whom vital events have occurred in Chad, are allowed to benefit from civil\nregistry services on par with nationals. Additionally, [Ordinance No. 002/PR/2020](https://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tchad-Ordonnance-002-PR-2020-Etat-Civil-14-fevrier-2020.pdf) on the organization of civil\nstatus in the Republic of Chad has extended the registration delay for births to three months.\n\n\nDespite the improved legal framework and the free issuance of birth certificates within the stipulated period,\nchallenges in physically accessing civil registration centres, along with a persistent lack of awareness\nregarding legal obligations surrounding births, contribute to the overall low rates of birth registration in\nChad.\n\n\nIt is worth noting that there has been an increase in the birth registration rate from 15 per cent in 2020 to\n26 per cent in 2023. The strategic partnership between UNHCR and government agencies responsible for\nissuing birth certificates, specifically the Directorate of Political Affairs and Civil Status (APEC until 2020) and\nANATS since 2021, has facilitated the issuance of birth certificates to over 150,000 refugee children and\nchildren from host communities in refugee hosting areas.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nThe government of Chad continues to ensure the security of refugees and asylum-seekers through the\nHumanitarian Workers and Refugee Detachment (DPHR). Generally, refugees are not more exposed to\n[existing violence and crime. According to protection data collected through Project 21](https://response.reliefweb.int/west-and-central-africa/protection/projet-21) (\u2018regional protection\nmonitoring\u2019) approximately 15 per cent of refugees and asylum-seekers claim to have been victims of\nphysical assault, but it is noteworthy that these cases occurred in the country of origin at the time of fleeing.\n\n\nWhile rape and child marriage remain prohibited by Law, other forms of gender-based violence (GBV)\nare insufficiently covered by existing Laws and policies to protect the Chadian and refugee populations.\nThe national policy to respond to GBV, in effect since 2011, applies in refugee camps and refugee hosting\nvillages but faces challenges due to limited resources (human and logistic) to fully implement this policy. The\nreferral mechanism for refugee victims for medical, legal and psychosocial support remains in place but its\neffectiveness depends on the human and financial resources available in the relevant hosting areas.\n\n\nThe new asylum legislation provides a robust legal framework for guaranteeing access to justice for\nrefugees and asylum-seekers. This includes outlining specific provisions regarding legal assistance and\njudicial assistance to permit access to justice, legal representation and enforcement of ruling. It is important\n[to consider this framework in conjunction with Law 021-PR-2019 on legal aid and judicial assistance, which](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f00834.html)\nwas enacted in 2019, though not fully operational in absence of an implementing decree. Article 27 of the\n[2020 Asylum Law](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) recognizes the refugee right to access Chadian Courts. The same provision also provides\nfor treatment regarding access to judicial assistance on par with nationals and exempts refugees from\nproviding a financial deposit to Courts (caution judicatum solvi) applicable to ordinary foreigners.\n\n\n[Article 65 of the 2023 Decree](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) further outlines that refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy access to Court on par\nwith nationals. Additionally, the 2023 Decree outlines the rights of asylum-seekers and refugees to access judicial\nassistance and legal assistance in the conditions outlined by the law. A specific legal provision of the 2023\nDecree also details the different modalities composing legal aid accessible to refugees and asylum-seekers\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR-managed refugee management database", - "confidence": 0.8786652088165283, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "biometric and individual data of asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.903940737247467, - "start": 6, - "end": 12 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8368259072303772, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6331719160079956, - "start": 179, - "end": 182 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nwhich aims at preventing conflict, enabling resolution and improving the understanding of law and justice.\n\n\nIn practice, the availability of judicial services, including Court, remains scarce or too distant from refugee\nhosting areas, including camps. The nascent state legal aid services remain constrained in scale and scope,\nfurther exacerbated by the lack of implementation. In addressing the legal and justice needs of refugees\nand asylum-seekers, despite the support provided by UNHCR and its partners for legal aid services, the\npredominant option remains traditional arrangements made under the auspices of local and traditional\nauthorities.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[In addition to the constitutional guarantee of freedom of movement, Article 21 of the Asylum Law](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) confirms\nthat refugees and asylum-seekers in possession of their identification documents enjoy the right to circulate\nand to reside in Chad in the same conditions as nationals. Furthermore, Article 73 of the [2023 Decree](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\noutlines that the refugee identity card allows the free movement of refugees in the conditions specified\nby the law. Additionally, Article 61 of the 2023 Decree specifically addressing local integration of refugees\nrecognizes, as part of the perquisite to achieve self-reliance, among others, the freedom of movement and\nthe right to settle in places favourable to their self-reliance.\n\n\nHowever, regarding asylum-seekers, it is important to note that Article 20 of the 2020 Law, incorporating\nthe principle of non-penalization for illegal entry, specifies in its second paragraph that the movement of\nasylum-seekers is restricted only if necessary and as long as their refugee status is not determined or until\nthey have been admitted to another host country.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum seekers continue to have access to a free travel permit issued by CNARR (saufconduits). This document specifies the intended destination and the duration of absence from the camp.\n\n\nWhile refugees and asylum-seekers have the right to reside in Chad, as enshrined in Article 21 of the law, and\nthere are no legislative restrictions on their choice of residence, multisectoral assistance is only provided\nby UNHCR and its partners in camps. Consequently, this assistance remains a decisive factor in refugees\u2019\ndecision to stay in the camps. Refugees with the financial means to support themselves or engaged in\neconomic activities outside the camps are free to choose their place of residence in Chad.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nArticle 28 of the [Asylum law](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) in the Republic of Chad grants refugees the most favourable treatment afforded\nunder similar circumstances to foreign nationals regarding the pursuit of gainful employment, whether\nsalaried, non-salaried and/or self-employed. The same provision pursues that refugees shall be exempted\nfrom certain restrictive measures imposed by the prevailing regulations on the employment of foreigners.\nAdditionally, Article 70 of the 2023 Decree stipulates that a refugee legally residing in Chad enjoys the same\nrights and standards of treatment as foreign nationals. Article 61 of the [2023 Decree specifically addressing](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nlocal integration also guarantees the refugee right to access salaried or non-salaried employment to reach\nself-reliance.\n\n\nDespite the enactment of new asylum legislation, potential inconsistencies may persist with other laborrelated legislation that remain in force or have not been amended in the country. This lack of alignment\ncould create hesitancy among prospective employers when considering the hiring of refugees.\n\n\nFor instance, [Decree No. 96-189 PR/MFPT of 15 April 1996, and Deecree No. 1793/PR/PM/MECDT/2015 of 24](https://wwwex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/97320/TCD-97320.pdf)\nAugust 2015, which address mandatory reporting of hiring, job offers and personnel in companies, as well\nas business-related procedures, are still applicable.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIn accordance with Article 28 of the 2020 Asylum Law, the restrictions on the employment of foreigners,\nincluding the prerequisite of obtaining a work permit, should be considered not applicable to refugees.\nHowever, Decree No. 96-189 PR/MFPT, still requiring approval from the National Office for Employment\nProtection (ONAPE) for the employment of foreigners, remains silent on refugees. In addition, the decree\nstipulates that, before submission to ONAPE, contracts for foreigners must receive endorsement from\nimmigration authorities. It is unclear whether refugees should be exempted from this endorsement from\nImmigration Department.\n\n\nFurthermore, Article 11 of the 1996 Decree, which prohibits hiring foreigners for non-specialized jobs, may still\napply for refugees. Companies hiring foreigners are still obligated to pay fees ranging from FCFA 100,000\nto FCFA 250,000, and it is unclear whether these fees will also apply to refugees. The 2023 Asylum Decree\nhas not clarified the type of exemption of restrictive measures for foreigner employment that should benefit\nto refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR supports CNARR in the popularization of the asylum law and its implementing decree, including\ntowards ONAPE with the aim to develop a Memorandum of Understanding that would lift the challenges met\nby refugees while accessing the job market including in the private sector.\n\n\nIn the private sector, practical experience shows that some employers still hire refugees without the approval\nof ONAPE and may treat them less favorably in terms of wages and social benefits. There has been no\nlegislative or policy change regarding child labor.\n\n\nThere is no reliable data on the percentage of refugees employed in the formal sector.\n\n\nMany refugees work in the informal sector, but data on this is equally unavailable. Most refugees engage\nin independent work, particularly in agriculture, which remains the backbone of the Chadian economy.\nHowever, agricultural value chains are very weak in the country, affecting both refugees and host populations.\nThe main constraints, even more pronounced for women, relate to difficulties in accessing agricultural land,\ninfrastructure, agricultural inputs such as certified inputs, and financial services.\n\n\nWhile Article 28 of the Asylum Law permits refugees also to engage in self-employment, the lack of legally\nrecognized refugee identity cards is likely to remain a major obstacle to meeting administrative requirements\nto open a business and pay the necessary tax.\n\n\nInformation on the number of refugees owning businesses is also lacking.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\n[Article 24 of the Asylum Law accords refugees a treatment as favourable as possible and, in any event,](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nnot less favourable than that accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances, concerning the\nacquisition of movable or immovable property, lease contracts and other associated rights. Article 67\nof the [2023 Decree](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) adds that refugees lawfully staying in the country shall have the same treatment\nas foreigners in general concerning that right. Article 29 of the Asylum Law also accords refugees\nlawfully staying in Chad treatment as favourable as possible concerning housing which falls under\nnational legislation, or which is submitted to public control, and, in any event, not less favourable than\nthat accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances. Article 71 of the 2023 Decree specifies\nthat refugees lawfully staying in Chad should be accorded the same treatment as foreigners in general\nregarding housing subject to the laws and regulations in force. Key to note is that Article 61 of the 2023\nDecree, specifically addressing local integration as a durable solution, specifies that the Government\nprioritizes refugees\u2019 right to access land and secure allocated land to achieve self-reliance.\n\n\nLand ownership remains a complex issue in the absence of a codified land law, and the general regime\nof land ownership, encompassing both formal and traditional rights, has not undergone any changes in\nthe past three years. Customary and Islamic laws continue to govern access to and control of land and\nnatural resources in urban and rural areas. While these customary systems vary considerably across the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\ncountry, most Chadians traditionally obtain land through the family or lineage, following the principle of\nfirst occupancy and, for women, through marriage.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees have access to agricultural land through sharecropping, loans or leases.\n\nIt is important to note that before the enactment of the new asylum legislation and in the absence of clear\nrules, refugees theoretically had the right to purchase land. However, this was challenging due to the\nprevalence of the traditional ownership system, their inability to produce financial documents and other\nadministrative obstacles.\n\n\nIn practical terms, refugees continue to encounter greater challenges than nationals in accessing large,\nfertile land parcels due to their distance from the camps. When engaging in sharecropping agreements\n(m\u00e9tayage), refugees are required to share a portion of the harvest with the landowner or pay rent for\nthese lands, which can sometimes amount to 50,000 FCFA per hectare per year.\n\n\nThis contrasts with the government\u2019s promotion of free land access which apply to all people involved\nin agriculture. The current arrangements have led to a seasonal migration of refugees from the camps\nto fields located in cantons up to 50 or 70 km away, where they establish temporary settlements. These\nsharecropping agreements offer the advantage of fostering close relationships between refugees,\nlandowners and entire villages, because refugees set up tents with their families throughout the growing\nseason. Furthermore, refugees often do not receive documents confirming their right to sustained access\nto the land used. Between 2020 and 2023, approximately 15,000 hectares of agricultural land have been\nmade available to refugees in Chad for exploitation purposes, under written or verbal agreements lasting\nfrom one to three years.\n\n\nIn the current Ministry of Social Affairs, there is still no housing assistance program for vulnerable Chadian\nnationals. Furthermore, the temporary support system for relocating populations affected by floods in the\ncapital, primarily backed by the humanitarian actors, does not extend its coverage to refugees.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe newly enacted asylum legislation does not include a specific legal provision governing access to financial\nservices nor access to administrative documents and certifications, including recognition of educational\nattainments received outside of the national system. However, within the context of local integration and\nself-reliance, Article 61 of the [2023 Decree](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) outlines that the Government of Chad prioritizes actions for\nrefugees, among others, to access credits, microcredits and subsidies, as well as to obtain the recognition\nof documents issued by competent authorities.\n\n\nIn practice, access to these financial services is still hindered by the type of identification documents issued by\nCNARR and UNHCR to refugees. The refugee identity cards, not issued by the national competent authority,\nANATS, is often considered an unofficial document in most cases. Efforts to expand the legally recognized\ndocumentation through the provision of biometric identification and a national identification number by\nANATS for refugees would be the solution to these recurring challenges. Other practical challenges persist\nfor refugees in accessing credit, stemming from their inability to meet the financial guarantees and the\nperception that they pose a high risk profile as borrowers. Some refugees, mainly living in the South of\nChad continue to ably access bank accounts, mainly saving accounts, based on the prior recognition of their\nidentity cards by certain financial institutions.\n\n\nMobile network operators still accept refugee identity cards issued by CNARR as valid proof of identity.\nRefugees without an identity card must still be vouched for by those who possess one to enable SIM card\nregistration. Through their phone numbers, refugees have access to payment and money transfer facilities\noffered by telecommunications operators. Asylum-seekers still do not have the right to acquire a SIM card\nwith the asylum-seeker certificate.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nIn practical terms, a formal State led system for recognizing foreign diplomas of refugees and foreigners does\nexist through an authentication mechanism led by the National Office for Higher Education Examinations\nand Competitions (Office National des Examens et Concours du Sup\u00e9rieur - ONECS). Regarding driving\nlicenses, only Chadian driving licenses can be obtained through ANATS after fulfilling ANATS requirements.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\nThe new asylum legislation guarantees the right to health, education, public assistance and public relief for\nrefugees and asylum-seekers in possession of their individual documentation on par with nationals of Chad.\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nArticle 21 of the [2020 Asylum Law](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) specifies that every refugee or asylum-seeker in possession of individual\ndocumentation enjoys the right to education and vocational training under the same conditions as nationals.\n[The same is reiterated by Article 65 of the 2023 Decree. Despite not explicitly mentioning asylum-seekers](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nin its wording, Article 32 of the 2020 Law and Article 75 of the 2023 Decree should be interpreted in the\nspirit of Article 21 of the law and Article 65 of the Decree that asylum-seekers are equally entitled to the\nsame treatment as nationals regarding education.\n\n\nThe government of Chad has committed to providing refugees with access to quality education by integrating\nthem into the national education system. This integration allows all refugees and asylum-seekers to enrol in\nprimary, secondary, and higher education institutions, follow the Chadian curriculum, and obtain recognized\ndiplomas. The process of integrating refugees into the national education system has seen significant\nprogress since 27 November 2020, including the adoption of the ten-year refugee education strategy by\nthe government. In line with this, since 2018, the government has recognized and integrated 94 schools\nin camps and reception sites into the national system and opened seven examination centres in camps to\nensure that all students can take national exams under proper conditions.\n\n\nDuring the 2022-2023 school year, a total of 105,295 refugee children were enrolled in schools. This number\nincludes 7,520 in pre-primary, 75,205 in primary, 24,999 in secondary, and 571 in higher education and\nvocational training. The gross enrolment rates for refugees were as follows: 71 per cent in primary, 28 per\ncent in secondary, and less than 1 per cent in tertiary education. Refugee enrolment rates at the primary and\ntertiary levels remain below those of national students (71 per cent and 1 per cent compared to 91 percent\nand 3 per cent respectively), while they are higher than those of national students at the secondary level (28\npercent compared to 22 per cent).\n\n\nChad continues to have a government-led system to support the integration of refugee children coming\nfrom a different education system (Nigerian and Sudanese refugees) but funded by UNHCR. Local education\nauthorities organize placement tests and catch-up classes before integrating refugee children into the most\nappropriate Chadian school year according to their level, age and other criteria. With new arrivals from\nSudan since April 2023, Sudanese refugee children have been integrated into the existing programme with\nongoing recruitment of new teachers in the main refugee hosting areas.\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\n[Article 21 of the Asylum Law](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf) stipulates that every refugee or asylum seeker is entitled to the right to health\nunder the same conditions as nationals.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, Chad has developed a new [National Health Development Plan for 2022-](https://www.afro.who.int/fr/countries/chad/publication/plan-national-de-developpement-sanitaire-pnds-4-2022-2030#:~:text=PLAN%20NATIONAL%20DE%20DEVELOPPEMENT%20SANITAIRE%20(PNDS%204)%202022%2D2030,-Le%20Minist%C3%A8re%20de&text=Le%20PNDS4%20est%20le%20dernier,des%20Objectifs%20de%20D%C3%A9veloppement%20Durable.)\n[2030, aiming to establish an integrated, efficient, resilient, and person-centered health system. This plan](https://www.afro.who.int/fr/countries/chad/publication/plan-national-de-developpement-sanitaire-pnds-4-2022-2030#:~:text=PLAN%20NATIONAL%20DE%20DEVELOPPEMENT%20SANITAIRE%20(PNDS%204)%202022%2D2030,-Le%20Minist%C3%A8re%20de&text=Le%20PNDS4%20est%20le%20dernier,des%20Objectifs%20de%20D%C3%A9veloppement%20Durable.)\nincludes refugees and asylum seekers, ensuring their access to public health services on an equal basis with\nnationals. Refugees and asylum-seekers are also incorporated into national, provincial, and departmental\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nhealth planning documents.\n\n\nThe 2019 agreement between the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the Ministry of Health, regarding the\nprogressive integration of camp health centres into the national health system, has facilitated the inclusion\nof all camp health centres in the national system, with the assignment of a healthcare worker to each of\nthese centres, who is included on the Government payroll. The remaining personnel are still supported\nby UNHCR through its partners. This support from UNHCR remains necessary because access to quality\nGovernment led healthcare is still limited due to a shortage of healthcare professionals, medication, health\ninfrastructure, and equipment, as well as high costs.\n\n\nIn 2023, the national utilization rate was 0.31 new consultations per inhabitant per year, while in the camps, it\nstood at 1.2 new consultations per refugee per year. This indicates that healthcare access is more favourable\nin the camps than host populations. The disparity can be attributed partially to improved geographical access\nin the camps, but more significantly, it is driven by financial factors. Notably, healthcare is provided free of\ncharge in refugee camps, whereas state facilities require fees for healthcare services. For refugees living\noutside the camps, UNHCR, through its health partner, has signed agreements with state health centers for\nfree access, with costs covered by partners under UNHCR\u2019s budget.\n\n\nSexual and reproductive healthcare is integrated into the package of services offered in refugee camps\ncovered by UNHCR and partners\u2019 budget. As of June 2023, the rate of assisted childbirth was 91% in the\nrefugee camps.\n\n\nMoreover, Chad developed a national strategic plan for the progressive implementation of universal health\ncoverage from 2017 to 2019, starting with vulnerable populations. Eventually, it should cover all individuals\nresiding in Chad, including refugees. However, the implementation of this plan was disrupted by the\nCOVID-19 pandemic. As of June 2023, its implementation was not yet effective.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nState social protection programmes are guaranteed to refugees and asylum-seekers under Article 21 of the\n[2020 Asylum Law. Article 33 of the Law specifies that refugees and asylum-seekers are entitled to the same](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\n[treatment as nationals regarding assistance and public relief. Article 77 of the 2023 Decree reiterates the](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2091861/645b938a4.pdf)\nsame.\n\n\nThe 2016-2020 National Social Protection Strategy (SNPS) faced implementation challenges. Subsequently,\na new SNPS for 2022-2026, developed with support from UNICEF, the World Bank, UNFPA, WFP and FAO,\nis now awaiting validation and government approval. This strategy, distinct from its predecessor, prioritizes\naddressing financial and livelihood security for the most vulnerable, managing risks, reducing vulnerability\nand ensuring access to basic social services for all residents in Chad, including refugees. Notably, it aligns\nwith the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). The forthcoming strategy will be accompanied by a priority\naction plan.\n\n\nSchool feeding programs are largely implemented by the World Food Programme, reaching a total of 13,000\nrefugees in 14 schools in the provinces of Lake Chad and Logone Oriental.\n\n\nThe Unified Social Registry (RSU), launched in 2019, has made limited progress in capacity, governance and\nfinancing, despite continuous support from WFP and NGOs.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nIn practical terms, the national protection system for the most vulnerable has not undergone any changes\nand the measures in place to support victims of human trafficking are still insufficient. This holds true for\nvictims of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and at-risk children. The national protection services aimed at\nthese vulnerable groups continue to be underdeveloped and underfunded.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender considerations can generally be enhanced in many sub-dimensions of overall policies, with the\nmost relevant being the national institutional framework for the management and coordination of refugees.\nAdditionally, the limited participation of refugee women in advisory committees often results in inadequate\nconsideration of the concerns and needs of women and girls. This hinders their inclusion in national plans\nand programs.\n\n\nThe most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of socioeconomic development remain therefore\nas follows:\n\n\n**a.** **Justice and Security:** Challenges remain in preventing and responding to gender-based violence.\n**b.** **Land, Housing, and Property:** Refugees in general still face difficulties in accessing and owning land.\n**c.** **Education:** Limited access to education for refugee girls, particularly due to high dropout rates. In\n\nthe 2022-2023 school year, girls\u2019 enrolment rates were 47 per cent in primary, 17 per cent in middle\nschool and only 6 percent in high school nationwide. The drop in middle and high school attendance is\nlinked to socio-cultural pressures, leading to issues like child marriages, early marriages, child labour.\n**d.** **Healthcare:** Insufficient prioritization of the specific needs of women and girls, including refugee women\n\nand girls. Maternal and reproductive health services remain underdeveloped in some areas, struggling\nto be fully effective due to a lack of material and financial support.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe most significant differences or restrictions in terms of socio-economic development affecting refugees\nwith particular characteristics are:\n\n\n**a.** **Access to biometric identity cards and unique identifier number:** The continued lack of access to\n\nlegally recognized identity cards for refugees issued by the competent authority in Chad, ANATS, and\nnational identification numbers, challenges their inclusion into national system and limits their socioeconomic integration in the country.\n**b.** **Access to civil registry civil status documents:** The low percentage of registered births, due to\n\nsignificant deficiencies in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) system in Chad, especially in\nrural areas, exposes refugees born in Chad to the risk of statelessness.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**c.** **Land:** Access to land for sustainable agricultural activities, which is crucial for fostering refugee\u2019s self\nreliance remains challenging.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R E P U B L I C O F C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e0bc39-92d7-4988-925b-1b10e361901a/Chad-RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_296/raw/doc_296_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_296/raw/doc_296_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 47b27b74e824d7e600b5211d170ad2f3040e17b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_296/raw/doc_296_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||**4**|\n|||||||\n||||||**3**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n||||||**9**|\n||||||**1**|\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nFrom July 2017 to June 2020, the Government of Chad has significantly developed its approach to\nmanaging refugee situations. The most significant policy developments at the national level are as follows:\n## \u2022 [Agreement in 2019 by the Council of Ministers on the text of a National Law on Asylum (adopted in ]\n\nDecember 2020), which represents a critical milestone in ensuring freedom of movement, access to\nhealth care, education, justice, and wage-earning employment, and favourable treatment for selfemployment for refugees and in guiding the establishment of an efficient national asylum system.\n## \u2022 [ Adoption by a National Symposium in September 2018 of an action plan to implement the Comprehensive ]\n\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF), focusing mainly on alternatives to camps based on the process\nof \u201cvillagization\u201d and the integration of refugees into the national education and health systems.\n## \u2022 [Integration of refugees into the Chadian education system and sectoral plan and the assignment of ]\n\nChadian teachers to refugee camp schools in the resumption of their management by the State.\n## \u2022 [Elevation in 2018 of 108 camp-based refugee schools and 10 vocational training centres to the rank of ]\n\n[official public schools (benefitting from funds received from the Global Partnership for Education to](https://www.globalpartnership.org/where-we-work/chad)\nsupport access to primary education for all children living within its borders);\n## \u2022 [Completion of agreements with 12 Public and Private Universities, whereby they would include refugees ]\n\nin their systems.\n## \u2022 [Establishment through Presidential Decree No 1378/PR/2019 of a ministerial-level High Committee to ]\n\nprovide policy, strategic and technical guidance \u201cfor better protection and treatment of refugees and\nhost communities as well as for the harmonious development of refugee reception areas\u201d as well as a\ntechnical-level working group.\n## \u2022 [Development of a strategy to transform camps in rural areas into villages, and those in urban areas into ]\n\nneighbourhoods, resulting in refugees arriving from the Central African Republic in 2018 being able to\nsettle in villages in Southern Chad. Progress has also been made with the absorption of three refugee\ncamps into Chadian villages.\n\n\nChad also signed a [Tripartite Agreement with Sudan and UNHCR in May 2017 that guarantees adherence](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efd534.html)\nto the principles applicable to the voluntary repatriation of refugees and also seeks to enhance cooperation\non information sharing, community dialogue and the use of go-and-see/come-and-tell visits enabling\nrefugees to make informed decisions regarding voluntary return.\n\n\nIn the context of the eligibility discussions on the IDA18 Sub-Window for Refugees and Host Communities,\nin July 2017, the Government of Chad stressed five strategic priorities in relation to the integration of\nrefugees into Chadian society: to adopt laws and regulations; to strengthen the rights of refugees and\ninternally displaced persons; to ensure equitable access to basic services for refugees and host\ncommunities; to increase the effectiveness of national bodies in charge of refugees; and to enhance\nhumanitarian and development coordination.\n\n\nChad was also active regarding refugee issues in the international sphere from 2017 to 2020. During the\nSeptember 2016 New York Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees, President Idriss Deby committed to a series of\npolicy actions including: improving access to education for refugee children, especially secondary and\nhigher education; providing access to arable land and strengthening the corresponding extension\nservices; establishing a system for the regulation and issuance of civil documents and adopting a refugee\nlaw in line with the 1951 and OAU Conventions.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n\nChad then adopted the [Global Compact for Refugees (GCR) in December 2018 and, at the](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/chad) [Global Refugee](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\n[Forum](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html) in December 2019, Chad reiterated its willingness to improve and implement refugee protection\npolicies. This included eight pledges to, among other things, pursue the progressive integration of refugees\ninto sectorial plans, support Voluntary Repatriation and adopt an out-of-camp approach to help refugees\nsettle in villages by transforming 30 per cent of refugee camps on its territory into villages by 2023. It also\npledged to end statelessness by 2024, to establish a specific procedure for determining stateless status\nand to issue free birth certificates for an estimated 120,000 refugee children and identity documents to all\nChadian returnees.\n\n\nNotwithstanding a number of achievements to date which are mentioned below in the related subdimensions, concrete progress on the implementation of pledges and related policies has been stalled\nover the last six months, reflecting the Government\u2019s priorities in responding to the pandemic.\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThere are no national fiscal/budget policies for timely additional financial transfers from the national\ntreasury to the areas that are economically affected by the presence of refugees. In general, there is hardly\nany transfer from central to local level, with the exception of additional expenditure related to security.\nFinancial contributions to refugee-hosting areas are generally based on projects and programmes funded\nby external donors.\n\n\n[A National Strategy for Social Protection was adopted in July 2015, covering the period 2016\u20132020. Its](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60ae7f5f4.html)\nimplementation has been limited though. Its overall objective is to progressively establish a comprehensive,\neffective and efficient social protection system that addresses financial needs, livelihood security, risk\nmanagement, vulnerability reduction and access to basic social services for all Chadians and residents in\nChad, including refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons, thus contributing to a more equitable\nsociety. The refugee-hosting areas, which are among the poorest in the country, are not specific target\nareas of the Strategy. The document is currently under revision by a multidisciplinary committee for the\nperiod 2022\u20132026. The Refugee and Host Communities Support Project (PARCA), financed by the World\nBank and implemented by the Government illustrates that the majority of the current social protection\ninterventions are funded by international stakeholders.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe [Chadian Constitution is the prime instrument aimed at identifying, preventing, and mitigating potential](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e8da34.html)\nsocial tensions and risks of violence, including in refugee-hosting areas. Its preamble provides for social\ncohesion between communities of different origins through the sharing of values and opportunities. No\nspecific law exists on social cohesion. However, the matter is pursued through the work of several ministries\nnamely the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, the Ministry of Territorial Administration, the Ministry of\nSocial Welfare, the Ministry of Livestock and the Ministry of Agriculture. The issue of social cohesion in\nrefugee-hosting areas features in some initiatives/studies such as the [Forum on the sustainable](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NOTE%20CONCEPTUELLE%20FORUM%2025-27%20JUILLET.pdf)\n[socioeconomic inclusion of refugees in Chad](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NOTE%20CONCEPTUELLE%20FORUM%2025-27%20JUILLET.pdf) (2017), whose objective was to identify and analyse the\nconstraints that hinder the sustainable socioeconomic and legal inclusion of refugees and to make\nrecommendations accordingly. Another example is a [Study on social cohesion in the Lake Chad Basin](https://www.urd.org/fr/publication/rapport-bassin-du-lac-tchad-soutenir-la-cohesion-sociale-par-lappui-aux-mecanismes-endogenes-de-prevention-mediation-et-resolution-de-conflits-2020/)\n(2020), which, as part of the RESILAC EU and AFD funded project, explores how humanitarian aid could\nsupport endogenous conflict prevention, mediation and resolution mechanisms and how it can participate\nin strengthening social cohesion at community level.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n[The National Development Plan document (2019\u20132021) provides for the establishment of consensual](https://chad.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/PND%20Chad.pdf)\nmechanisms for the peaceful settlement of conflicts by strengthening the legal framework in order to\npromote trust between communities and security forces, socio-security dialogue, peaceful coexistence\nand respect for differences. Additionally, at sub-national and local levels (i.e. at governorates, prefectures,\nsub-prefecture and village levels), there is a country-wide structure of traditional leaders. In the Eastern\npart of Chad, the Sultans hold a similar rank as the Governors\u2019 with political and judicial powers. In the\nSouth and in the Lake Chad region, there are fewer Sultans, but the Chefs de Canton are the traditional\nleaders. They play an important role in maintaining peaceful coexistence within and across the communities\nand take an active part in the discussions around land access and use.\n\n\nIn some locations, refugees outnumber the local population (up to 3 or 4 to 1). However, overall, refugees\nacross Chad coexist peacefully with the local population because of strong ethnic and cultural ties and\ncommon traditions. With UNHCR support, the Government has set up joint committees in all of the refugee\ncamps and reception sites, made up of refugees and host community members. Their objective is to\npromote and advocate peaceful coexistence and conflict resolution. They play a preventive role in\nsensitizing communities to the importance of living together despite the challenges associated with\nsharing resources. They also enable conflicts to be resolved peacefully and facilitate socioeconomic\ninclusion in the host areas. Women play an important role in conveying messages of peace and social\ncohesion, as well as in the settlement of disputes.\n\n\n[National policies do formally protect refugees from discrimination. The Constitution (Article 5) prohibits](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e8da34.html)\nany \u201cpropaganda of ethnic, tribal, regional or religious character attempting to harm the national unity or\nthe secularity of the State\u201d. Having been ratified, the ICCPR and the ICESCR, including the prohibition of\nany discrimination in the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, are part of the\n[national legal framework. Law No 021/PR/2019](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f00834.html) governing legal aid and judicial assistance [1] provides that\nthis assistance shall be accessible to all without any form of discrimination based on nationality, sex, age,\n[language, religion, opinion or any other consideration. Law No 07-007 PR on the protection of persons](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f153a4.html)\nliving with disabilities [2] protects all the individuals concerned, strengthens their place in society and\npromotes their rights to education/training and their socioeconomic integration. The absence of specific\nlaw and a national plan on the prevention of statelessness has a negative impact on undocumented\nindividuals, which may lead to some forms of discrimination. Discrimination may occur as well in relation\nto gender identity and sexual orientation.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nNational policies are in place to protect the environment in a sustainable manner and ensure adequate\nmanagement of resources (Article 51 of the [Constitution, Law 14/PR/98 of 17 August 1998 on environmental](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e8da34.html)\nprotection, Decree No 630/PR/PM/MEERH/2010 regulating environmental impact assessments, Law No\n16/PR/99 of 18 August 1999 establishing the Water Code and Order 11 of 28/02/2011 on the hygiene and\nenvironmental sanitation code). While these policies do not specifically refer to refugees and/or host\ncommunities, they are also applicable in refugee-hosting areas. Law 14/PR/98 on environmental protection\nestablishes basic principles for sustainable management of the environment and the protection against all\nforms of degradation in order to value the natural resources, as well as land preservation and improve the\nliving conditions of the population. The implementing decree of this law prohibits the felling of trees and\nthe production of charcoal, thereby impacting upon access to cooking energy for refugees in the camps.\n\n\n1 https://www.tachad.com/la-justice-tchadienne-dispose-de-laide-juridique-et-de-lassistance-judiciaire\n2 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=97314&p_count=13&p_classification=05#:~:text=Nom%3A,L\noi%20n%C2%B0%2007%2D007%20PR%20du%209%20mai,portant%20protection%20des%20personnes%20handicap%C3%A\n9es.&text=R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9%2FCitation%3A,socio%2D%C3%A9conomique%20des%20personnes%20\nhandicap%C3%A9es.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe issue of refugee inflows is dealt with by the National Commission for the reception and Reintegration\nof refugees and Returnees (Commission Nationale d\u2019Accueil de R\u00e9insertion des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des Rapatri\u00e9s\n\n - CNARR). The CNARR five-year strategy includes provisions for mobilizing for emergencies. Chad\ngenerally relies on UNHCR to support and guide its response to refugee emergencies.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nChad is a State party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, as\nwell as to the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. At\nnational level, [Decree No 839/PR/PM/MAT/2011](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efe754.html) established CNARR, which oversees the overall\nmanagement of refugees. The Asylum Law, which enacts the provisions of the Convention and the Protocol\ninto the national legal framework, was adopted after the date of the establishment of this baseline. In 2013,\nChad enacted the National Birth Registry Code and a law on civil status that enables foreigners to access\ncivil registration documents. The Law of 14 February 2020 has extended the delay to register births to\nthree months. A series of decrees and orders, some being specific to refugees and others applicable to all\npersons living in Chad, regulate other important issues.\n\n\nThe CNARR, through its eligibility and appeals sub-commissions, conducts refugee status determination.\nAsylum-seekers from the Central African Republic in Southern Chad and from Nigeria in Western Chad\ncontinue to be granted refugee status through a prima facie approach at the time of registration. Other\ngroups and individuals undergo individual determination. There are shortcomings in the implementation\nof the refugee status determination individual procedures: standard operating procedures are lacking,\neligibility officers require further training and the period to process cases is not well-defined. Some 4,500\nasylum-seekers are pending a decision. They are in a vulnerable situation as they do not enjoy the same\n[level of rights as the recognized refugees. The Asylum Capacity Support Group is currently working on](https://www.unhcr.org/5cc1aba44.pdf)\nimproving the national asylum system.\n\n\nThe CNARR eligibility sub-commission deals with first-instance refugee status determination (RSD). It is\nchaired by a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and representatives of different ministries\n(Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Territorial Administration) and of the Human Rights Committee are members.\nThe appeals are dealt with by the sub-commission for appeals, which is composed of one representative\nof the Ministry of Justice, one representative of the administrative chamber of the Supreme Court and one\nmember representing the Courts and Tribunals. This sub-commission meets four times per month to\nensure due process. In addition, they can interview the applicant to seek additional information in order to\nreview the case. If the case is rejected, the applicant can submit the case to the Supreme Court. The\nprocedure is free of charge. The applicant has the right to be assisted by a pro bono lawyer.\n\n\nLaws and regulations are written and published in both French and Arabic to facilitate dissemination and\nawareness. In remote areas where the population does not have access to television or radio, access to\ninformation is a challenge for both refugees and host communities, including for some local administrative\nauthorities. Awareness-raising activities are undertaken by CNARR but the high staff turnover in the\ncentral and provincial administrations requires continuous effort for this purpose. Specifically, Law 021/\nPR/2019 on Legal and Judicial Assistance, which also applies to refugees, is not well known to law\nenforcement agents in some provinces. In addition, certain traditional practices or beliefs hinder the\neffective application of laws. The Government continues to sensitize national and sub-national authorities\nincluding law enforcement forces and to train them in recognizing refugee identification cards.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThere are no restrictions pertaining to the stay of refugees and asylum-seekers. Once recognized,\nrefugees can remain in Chad until they cease to be refugees. Once an asylum application has been\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nregistered by CNARR, the applicant can remain in the country until a final decision has been taken on his/\nher refugee status. The refugee card issued for a period of five years is renewable. In practice, renewals\ntake place without difficulties, even if there may be delays due to limited resources. Further to registration,\nasylum-seekers receive an Asylum-seeker\u2019s Certificate that is valid for a period of two months, renewable,\nuntil the time of the decision. In 2019, in the course of a country-wide biometric verification exercise, all\nrefugee documentation was renewed.\n\n\nThere have been no known cases of unlawful termination of refugee status by way of cancellation,\nrevocation or cessation and no documented reports of refoulement. In view of the frequency of crossborder movements in Southern Chad by refugees from the Central African Republic, UNHCR conducts\nregular border monitoring through CNARR and local actors to ensure that individuals in need of protection\nhave access to the territory. Due to the COVID pandemic, international borders were closed on 18 March\n2020 limiting access to the territory. They were reopened on 1 August 2020.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nEstablished by [Decree (No 839/PR/PM/MAT/2011), the CNARR, as an interministerial commission, provides](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609efe754.html)\nthe institutional framework for refugee management. Sitting with the Ministry of Public Security, Territorial\nAdministration and Local Governance (MSPARGL), the Commission liaises with many different line\nMinistries (Foreign Affairs, Security, Defence, Justice, Finance, Social Affairs, Human Rights, Economy,\nEducation, Health, Environment and Water).\n\n\nThe CNARR is tasked with implementing the legal instruments relating to refugees, ensuring the protection\nof refugees and asylum-seekers and managing any refugee-related issue (identification and registration\nof refugees and asylum-seekers, issuance of documentation, administration of refugee camps and sites,\netc). It also serves as a technical adviser to the Minister in charge of the Administration of territory and\nlocal Governance on durable solutions, notably on voluntary repatriation agreements, resettlement and\nlocal integration. The CNARR also has a coordination role among all actors at both national and local\nlevels. However, the ability of CNARR to lead the refugee response, to coordinate and to engage with\ndonors is hampered by limited human and financial resources. In practice, UNHCR provides support for\ncoordinating and leading the refugee response as per the Refugee Coordination Model (RCM). The CNARR\nis also present in all the refugee camps and in most refugee-hosting areas. Coordination meetings among\nexternal partners are chaired by the government counterpart (CNARR or prefect) and co-chaired by\nUNHCR.\n\n\nRegistration is conducted jointly by the Government of Chad, through CNARR, and UNHCR using the\nUNHCR database and identity management system (the Profile Global Registration System - proGres),\nprogressively building the Government\u2019s capacity in this area. Refugee data is therefore collected and\nstored separately from the national registration data.\n\n\nRefugee learners\u2019 data is collected by the Ministry of Education. Similarly, refugee patients\u2019 data is included\nin the health information system managed by the Ministry of Health. The Government is still undergoing\nprocedures to make the data public, but it offers a rich comparative analysis of refugees and surrounding\nhosts for the majority of refugees living in Chad. The systematic inclusion of refugees in the national civil\ndatabase is being considered by the government. This requires technical and financial prerequisites that\nare not currently met.\n\n\nDespite the absence of explicit policy on the matter, UNHCR, in collaboration with the authorities, has set\nup, over time, various mechanisms in the refugee camps and in N\u2019Djamena to include the refugees for\nmeaningful participation and seek their views. Refugee communities are empowered to elect their\nrepresentative bodies in all fourteen camps and in the capital. In addition to the elected committees of\nrefugee representatives, there are committees for men, for women and for children/young people, for the\nprevention of/response to GBV, education etc. In N\u2019Djamena, there is a central refugee committee as well\nas separate nationality-based committees. Interaction and engagement with the refugee community\nmembers on general or specific issues are managed and facilitated by these committees.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR database and identity management system", - "confidence": 0.6389278769493103, - "start": 524, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5800979137420654, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.8563727736473083, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5144693851470947, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national civil\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9959003329277039, - "start": 637, - "end": 640 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.9230342507362366, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9340819716453552, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nFocus group and individual discussions between UNHCR and members of the refugee community take\nplace regularly on a variety of issues with the aim of ensuring that all segments of the refugee population\nare represented in age, gender and diversity, including persons with specific needs/groups at risk. The\nCOVID\u201319 pandemic resulted in many restrictive measures imposed by the government, making it\nchallenging to reach out physically to the refugees and leading to the use of alternative means of\ncommunication such as posters, banners, radio announcements, telephone calls, SMS, Protection Mobile\nTeam, etc.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nAdult refugees are issued with individual ID cards, and family attestations and ration cards are delivered\nto each household. As at 30 June 2020, around 90 per cent of refugees possess a refugee ID card and\n100 per cent of households have been issued with family attestations. The Government has committed to\nissuing a card to all adult refugees to enhance their protection and facilitate socioeconomic integration\nand to raising awareness of the validity of the refugee ID cards. Asylum-seekers are issued with a\ncertificate.\n\n\nIn line with its obligations under the 1951 Refugee Convention (Article 28), the Government of Chad issues\nConvention Travel Documents (CTD) to refugees. However, these are not machine-readable documents\nand are not compliant with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. The ID cards and\nthe CTDs are currently issued by UNHCR and the Government (CNARR). However, the plan is that in the\nfuture, ID Cards and CTDs will be issued only by the National Secured Documents Agency (Agence\nNationale des Titres Securis\u00e9s \u2013 ANATS).\n\n\n[The March 2015 Presidential Decree on the application of the Law on Civil Status 008/PR/2013](http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tchad-Loi-no-13-08-Etat-Civil-10-mai-2013.pdf) requires\nall births occurring in Chad to be registered and all newborn children to be issued with birth certificates\nfree of charge. Refugee children are fully covered by this Decree. However, the lack of personnel and\nresources within the civil registration system and the remoteness of the civil registry centres combine to\nmake the implementation of these provisions challenging, and significantly ineffective. The population\nremains largely uninformed of the procedures and the importance of birth registration, a fact that is\nexacerbated by the tradition of cross-border mobility linked to pastoralism and other customs. For these\nreasons, the national birth registration rate stands at 12 to 15 per cent. Civil registration centres remain\nlargely inaccessible to refugees because of the geographical distance. With UNHCR support, the\nDirectorate of Political Affairs and Civil Status (DAPEC) and the Ministry of Justice have been targeting\nbirth registration of refugee children and the issuance of birth certificates, including for internally displaced\nand returnee children and children in host communities, as part of a broader strategy to expand civil\nregistration and documentation services, improve statistical records and prevent statelessness.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThe Government of Chad has overall responsibility for ensuring the security of refugees and asylumseekers, through the Detachment for the Protection of Humanitarian Workers and Refugees or DPHR [3] .\nThe general security situation in the Lake region has been particularly concerning since 2015 because of\nfrequent attacks by armed groups, and despite measures taken by DPHR. This insecurity affects refugees\nand host communities equally.\n\n\nArticles 273 to 278 of the Chadian Penal Code outlaw rape. In 2015, child marriage was prohibited by Law\nNo 029/PR/2015 and Order No 006/PR/2015. Other forms of gender-based violence (GBV) are not\nadequately covered in law. The policies in place are not sufficiently protective against the risk of GBV\nwithin Chadian and refugee populations. A national GBV policy is in force since 2011, but it does not apply\nin the refugee camps. To compensate for this, a referral mechanism exists for the victims among the\nrefugees in order to be taken care of and receive medical, legal and psychosocial support.\n\n\n3 DPHR is part of the Ministry of Territorial Administration. Law enforcement forces are detached from the Ministry of Defence\nto the Ministry of Territorial Administration.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nRefugee women and girls affected by displacement remain at higher risk of GBV. They can be victims of\nGBV attributed to tensions with local communities who perceive them as better off. GBV remains prevalent\nat the time of firewood collection. The fear of reprisals, harassment, ostracism and the general lack of\nprosecution of the perpetrators of GBV crimes \u2013 in favour of traditional resolution mechanisms largely\ndisadvantaging women \u2013 undermine efforts to prevent and detect cases efficiently.\n\n\nAccess to justice and the right to sue are defined by Article 29 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which\napplies equally to refugees. Refugees can access justice in areas where judicial services are available,\nunder the same conditions as Chadian citizens, although in practice access to justice is constrained by\nconsiderable systemic weaknesses. Overall, refugees and asylum-seekers lack awareness of their rights\nand the legal remedies available to them. Many do not have the financial means to access the Chadian\njudicial system and live too far from the Court. The state legal aid to which refugees are eligible is in\npractice hardly accessible. Legal assistance provided by UNHCR is limited in the face of existing needs.\nTraditional and customary law remain very commonly used by refugees.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[Article 26 of the Chadian Constitution enshrines freedom of movement that applies equally to refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609e8da34.html)\nand asylum-seekers. However, in practice there are restrictions, as the ID refugee cards are not always\nrecognized as legal documents by law enforcement institutions. Refugees therefore tend to limit their\nmovement in order to avoid being checked by law enforcement officers and possibly detained for a short\nperiod of time. Refugees and asylum-seekers can receive a sauf-conduit (safe conduct) issued by the\nCNARR free of charge. The document mentions the intended destination and the duration of absence\nfrom the camp. This procedure is not underpinned by any law.\n\n\nThere is no legal framework that determines the place of residence for a refugee in Chad and no restrictions\non the choice of place have been reported. Considering that multisector assistance is provided in refugee\ncamps in the east, west and south of the country, refugees tend to opt to live there. Refugees who have\nthe financial means to sustain themselves and/or carry out specific activities outside camp in a given\nlocation are free to choose their place of residency in Chad.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nRefugees as all foreigners are allowed to work in the private sector under specific conditions. The Decree\nof 15 April 1996 requires the approval of the National Office for Employment Protection (Office National\npour la Protection de l\u2019Emploi - ONAPE) before a foreigner can be employed. The Decree is silent about\nrefugees but does not explicitly exclude them. The proportion of foreigners in any given company is set at\n2 per cent of the total workforce. Prior to submission to ONAPE, contracts issued to foreigners need to be\nendorsed by the immigration authorities overseeing foreigner employment. Article 11 of the abovementioned Decree furthermore stipulates that foreigners cannot be hired for non-specialized employment.\nCompanies hiring foreigners are required to pay fees ranging from 100,000 FCFA to 250,000 FCFA.\nThese restrictions make it challenging for refugees to be hired in private companies. There is no data\navailable as to the percentage of refugees employed in the formal private sector. A significant number of\nrefugees have found employment in the informal sector, but data is not available for this either. Refugees\nare not allowed to work in the public sector as per Article 5 of Law 17 on the General Statute of the Civil\nService of 31 December 2001.\n\n\nRefugees who have secured a job in the formal private sector do not need to be issued with a work permit.\n\n\nDecree No 1793/PR/PM/MECDT/2015 establishing procedures for the creation, modification, dissolution,\nor cancellation of enterprises enables foreigners to register and open businesses in their own name. By\nextension and in the absence of any legal provisions to the contrary, this provision applies to refugees as\nwell. There is no data available on refugees who own their own businesses.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nWhen officially employed in the private sector, refugees are entitled to receive the same wages and\nbenefits (unemployment and social security benefits) as nationals. The national minimum wage policy\nspelled out in the 2002 General Collective Agreement [4] applies to nationals and refugees equally. In\npractice, some employers hire foreigners and refugees without ONAPE authorization and may differentiate\ntheir treatment from that of nationals in terms of salaries and social benefits.\n\n\nLaw 38 of 11 December 1996 on the Labour Code broadly protects children from forced labour. Children\nunder 14 cannot be employed in any position, unless under an exemption stated by decree, with the\napproval of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security and the Ministry of Public Health, based on\nconsideration of the tasks to be performed. The children\u2019s legal guardians also have to consent to the\nrecruitment. Children under 18 cannot perform any work at night.\n\n\nAccording to the National Investment and Export Agency business set-up guide, as well as Decree 1793/\nPR/PM/MECDT/2015 establishing procedures for the creation, modification, dissolution, or cancellation of\nenterprises, any foreigner who intends to start a business or practise a liberal profession must meet the\nlisted conditions. By extension and in principle refugees can practise a liberal profession; however, the\nlack of adequate documentation is an obstacle to meeting the administrative requirements.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nThere are no laws or policies on land issues that specifically refer to refugees, hence any provisions that\nrelate to foreigners are considered to apply to refugees. Land ownership is a complex matter in the\nabsence of codified land law and the general land ownership regime is a mix of formal and traditional\nrights. Access to and control of land and natural resources in urban and rural areas are governed by\ncustomary and Islamic laws. While customary systems of land access vary widely across the country, most\nChadians traditionally obtain land through their kinship group or lineage, by application of the principle of\nfirst occupant and, in the case of women, through marriage.\n\n\nRefugees have access to farmland through loans or leases. In principle, they also have the right to buy\nland, although in practice this is hardly accessible because of the prevalence of the traditional ownership\nsystem, their inability to produce financial documentation and other administrative obstacles. Most land\naccess issues for refugees arise in southern Chad where there is a greater overall reliance on agriculture\nand where practices vary. Refugees tend to negotiate land access directly with landowners, paying in\ncash or in-kind (percentage of crops). They may receive documents attesting the right of access, signed\nby the regional administrative authorities (Sub-Prefect) or a traditional leader. In some cases, refugees do\nnot receive any form of documentation and therefore run the risk of having the land access being cancelled\nby its owners. Some localities refuse to grant land access to refugees.\n\n\nBetween 2019 and mid-2020, 4,882 hectares of agricultural land were made accessible to refugees for\nexploitation for a period varying between one to three years through written or verbal agreements.\n\n\nBy law, refugees have access to housing and immovable property. In practice, they generally cannot\nafford to purchase for financial reasons. Most urban refugees rent their dwellings from private owners. It\nhappens that some of them pay higher rents than average.\n\n\nSocial affairs are managed by the Ministry of Women and Early Childhood and the Ministry of Health and\nSolidarity. Within the social protection strategy, there is no housing assistance scheme available to\nvulnerable Chadian nationals. In N\u2019Djamena, in the event of flooding, the affected population may receive\nad hoc support for relocation, but this will be very limited in time and in amount. Such interventions,\nusually supported by the humanitarian community, do not specifically include urban refugees.\n\n\n4 http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/tchad/Tchad-Convention-collective-generale-2002.pdf\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nIn principle, there is no legal barrier to refugees accessing the services of banks and financial institutions.\nIn practice, refugees do not possess the required documentation in the form of an identification document\nissued by a national authority. The refugee ID card is not considered an official document. In recent years,\nsome financial institutions, mainly in the South, have allowed refugees to access bank accounts \u2014 mainly\nsavings accounts \u2014 with refugee ID cards.\n\n\nThe conditions are generally more rigid for refugees\u2019 access to credit: a regular income or guarantees in\nthe form of property collateral, a Chadian guarantor, or a pledge of a percentage of the loan are usually\nrequired. Financial institutions consider refugees to be high-risk borrowers and do not usually provide\nthem with access to credit. Chadians with no formal employment are also excluded from accessing credit.\n\n\nBank of Central African States (Banque des Etats d\u2019Afrique Centrale \u2013 BEAC) Regulation No 01/11 CEMAC/\nUMAC/CM relating to the exercise of electronic money issuance activity governs the use of mobile money\nin the country. Mobile money accounts are not well developed in Chad, but the largest mobile network\noperators have created ways to transfer and receive money via mobile phone numbers, without any\nadditional proof of ID. Mobile money is an option included in SIM card packages. SIM card registration is\nrequired by law in Chad as per Order No 040/MPTIC/10 of 12 November 2010. The Ministry of Post and\nNew Information Technologies and the electronic communication and post regulatory authority are\ninvolved in the oversight of SIM registration.\n\n\nPreviously, refugees were not allowed to obtain SIM cards by using their refugee ID card and were thus\nforced to resort to informal methods such as having a local sponsor registered on their behalf. Now,\nmobile network operators accept refugee ID cards as valid proof of identity. Refugees who lack a refugee\nID card can be endorsed by those who have a refugee ID card at family level for SIM card registration.\nAsylum-seekers have no access to SIM cards.\n\n\nTo enter the labour market, refugees and foreigners do not have to undergo a recognition process of their\ndiplomas or other qualification by the authorities. The necessary checks are performed by the employer.\nRefugees or foreigners wishing to sit for secondary studies (Baccalaureate cursus) or begin studies in\nChad must present academic documents attesting to their background and previous level. As regards\ndriving licences, in the absence of an international driving licence, refugees or foreigners must get a\nChadian driving licence issued by ANATS.\n\n\nThere are no policies in place to provide for formal and organized skills development programmes at\nnational level. A limited number of refugees and host community members benefit from vocational training\nprojects that are mainly funded by international partners.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe education policies allow for all refugees and asylum-seekers to be enrolled in primary, secondary and\ntertiary school and be part of the national education system. Since 2014, refugee students have been\nfollowing the national curriculum in French or Arabic and refugee teachers have been trained like their\nChadian counterparts and refugee camp schools have been progressively elevated to the rank of official\n[Chadian public school. The Refugee Education strategy 2030, which further strengthens the inclusion of](about:blank)\nrefugees and other displaced persons in the national education system is planned to be validated and\nendorsed by the Government in November 2020 [5] .\n\n\nIn March 2020, prior to closure of the schools due to COVID-19, there were 100,143 refugees enrolled in\nschools, half of them girls. Refugees have access to Chadian national exams at the end of the fundamental\n\n\n5 [https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/83328](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/83328)\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\ncycle (Brevet d\u00b4Etude Fondamentale \u2013 BEF) and at the end of secondary studies (Baccalaureate). The\nGovernment of Chad has created examination centres for both levels. Enrolment rates among refugees\nhave steadily increased since 2014. In March 2020, gross enrolment rates among refugees were: 79 per\ncent in primary, 31 per cent in lower secondary and 13 per cent in upper secondary. In November 2020, the\nrates were 67 per cent in primary, 28 per cent in lower secondary and 10 per cent in upper secondary [6] .\n\n\nChad does not have an official accelerated curriculum to allow host community and refugee children to\ncatch up on missed periods of education. This greatly impacts all children and young people in Chad,\nconsidering that only half of children attend primary school and that alternatives for out-of-school children\nremain very limited. In the camps, catch up classes have been organized in collaboration with local\neducation authorities to allow refugees to finalize the school year of their flight so that they do not have to\nrepeat the year. Nigerian and Sudanese refugee children, who come from a different school grade system,\nare tested before they can integrate into the national education system. The same applies to refugee\nteachers who can teach in the camps once they have been trained on the Chadian curriculum.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nThe National Health Policy 2016\u20132030 gives refugees and asylum-seekers access to public health-care\nservices in the same manner as nationals. The aim of the policy is to set up an efficient and resilient healthcare system that can cater for the needs of all populations living in Chad and especially the most destitute\nand vulnerable ones. A Memorandum of understanding signed in 2019 between UNHCR and the Ministry\nof Health (MoH) foresees the progressive integration of camp-based medical centres into the Chadian\nnational health system. However, its implementation is on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic and other\npriorities within the MOH.\n\n\nFor Chadians and refugees alike, practical access and quality health care are constrained by a shortage\nof qualified health workers, medicines, health infrastructure and diagnostic equipment, and the need for\nupfront payment in most cases. In urban areas, the distance to the secondary health centres is a further\nhindrance. Refugees face additional challenges in relation to language and cultural barriers. Without\nUNHCR support, health care for refugees and host communities would largely be prohibitive and\ninaccessible.\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s measures in response to COVID-19 include refugees and nationals alike. Refugees are\nincluded in national, provincial and local health prevention and response plans, ensuring that they can\nbenefit from the same medical care as nationals.\n\n\nBy virtue of specific provisions of the National Health Policy aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal\nmortality and promoting health among young people and adolescents, refugee women and girls have\nequal access to the sexual and reproductive health services and other women\u2019s health services enjoyed\nby Chadian women and girls. Family planning commodities are not always available in national health\ncentres due to lack of funding, but they are in the camp health centres. Despite the willingness of the\nGovernment of Chad to provide free caesarean section, surgical and medical emergency services in\nsecondary health-care facilities, these are not yet free of charge. Refugee women in need of a caesarean\nare supported by UNHCR.\n\n\nThere is no government health insurance available for the population. It has been planned for as part of\nan outdated national universal health coverage implementation strategy 2017\u20132019. The national universal\nhealth coverage committee is working on a survey to set up the contribution system for the first target\ngroup of the programme: the poor and the most vulnerable. Refugees are being targeted under this\nprogramme.\n\n\n6 Source: UNHCR Chad EMIS\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nMost Chadian households do not have access to formal social protection and rely on a limited public\nprovision of basic services. The underfunded Government safety net programmes have traditionally been\nlimited to subsidies for children, either as in-kind support in education and nutrition or as free access to\nhealth-care services. Older persons and persons living with disabilities are eligible to receive any form of\non-going financial or social support.\n\n\nVulnerable refugees are excluded from the benefit of these limited social protection measures. Refugees\nliving with disabilities, older refugees, single women, chronically ill individuals, at-risk children and other\ncategories of refugees and asylum-seekers deemed to be at risk are assisted by UNHCR and humanitarian\npartners in the camps. In urban settings, where assistance is very limited, vulnerable refugees are cared\nfor by their families.\n\n\nA unified social register (RSU) is in the process of being developed. Its aim is gradually to create an online\ndatabase of all of the vulnerable people in Chad (including refugees), thus facilitating the rapid targeting\nof vulnerable people by the various programmes.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nChad passed the national counter-trafficking law in 2018, which covers human trafficking. Law 06/PR/2018\ndesignates the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons as the lead entity addressing\ntrafficking. The government also adopted an anti-trafficking Road Map in 2019 to implement the 2018\nNational Action Plan. In practice, the related measures are still very much nascent and victims of human\ntrafficking do not benefit from an adequate support system.\n\n\nA referral mechanism exists for the survivors of GBV to be taken care of and receive medical, legal and\npsychosocial support. However, in practice, because of the underdevelopment situation and the\nunderfunding of national protection services targeting vulnerable groups, the survivors of GBV as the\nrefugee victims of trafficking, unaccompanied and separated refugee children, and other categories of\nvulnerable refugees typically do not have access to the care and protection programme systems set up by\nthe Government. Equally, vulnerable Chadian nationals also face a reality of inadequate care and support\nsystems.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "unified social register", - "confidence": 0.5981472134590149, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RSU", - "confidence": 0.9990787506103516, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.9879262447357178, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6061061024665833, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable refugees", - "confidence": 0.9189613461494446, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender considerations can generally be improved in a large number of policy subdimensions. As\nmentioned above, the most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of socioeconomic development\nare as follows:\n\n\ni. **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**, the limited participation of\n\nrefugee women in the consultative committees and, consequently, the most often insufficient\nconsideration for women and girls\u2019 concerns, needs and contributions, and their inclusion in national\nplans and programmes.\n\n\nii. **Justice and security**, the challenges faced to prevent and address gender-based violence.\n\n\niii. **Land, housing and property**, the difficulty for refugee women to inherit or own land.\n\n\niv. **Education**, the limited access to education of refugee girls, notably because of their school dropout (it\n\nshould be noted that at the beginning of the 2020/2021 academic year, the net enrolment rate of girls\nacross the country was 43 per cent at primary level, 13 per cent at lower-secondary level and just 3 per\ncent at upper secondary level).\n\n\nv. **Health care**, the insufficient prioritization of the specific needs of women and girls, including refugee\n\nwomen and girls, with the maternal and reproductive health services remaining underdeveloped in\nsome locations and struggling to be fully effective due to a lack of material and financial support.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nAs mentioned above, the most consequential differences or restriction in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment affecting refugees with particular characteristics are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Access to civil registration and documentation**, with the low percentage of births registered,\n\nparticularly in rural areas, putting large numbers of refugee children at risk of statelessness.\n\n\nii. **Education**, with registration fees often higher for refugee children and young people (in some schools\n\nlocated outside the camps and for access to higher education).\n\n\niii. **Social protection**, with the lack of access to safety nets for the refugees, including the most vulnerable\n\n\n[* Note: the population figures in this paper differ slightly from those published on the UNHCR data portal due to a reduction process.](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(Ratification date: 19 Aug 1981)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (the ILO Social Security Convention), 1952][1] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 27(d) (scope of old age benefits); Article 33(b) (scope of employment injury benefits); Article 34(3) (minimum medical\ncare benefits); Article 41(d) (scope of family benefits); 55(d) (scope of invalidity benefits); Article 61(d) (scope of survivor\u2019s\nbenefits).\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **C H A D**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0e881f-909a-3da6-a39e-772fa0f62cbe/Chad%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_297/raw/doc_297_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_297/raw/doc_297_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8e84ba7a7193c43ebf9c462ba6658e4898cd0374..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_297/raw/doc_297_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Save Our Future: Averting an Education Catastrophe for the World\u2019s Children\n# Cheat Sheet\n\n## Background Education faces a triple crisis.\n\n\n\n**90% of children in the world** have\nhad their education interrupted due\nto COVID. This means that vulnerable children are missing out not only\non education but also on vital services such as nutrition and health.\n\n## 7 Action Areas\n\n\n\nBudgets for education are at risk of\nbeing slashed due to the financial\nimpacts of COVID and this could\nlead to a huge funding gap of\nalmost **$200b per year** for lowand middle-income countries.\n\n\n\n[Click to read](https://saveourfuture.world/white-paper/)\n[the full white](https://saveourfuture.world/white-paper/)\n[paper](https://saveourfuture.world/white-paper/) **\u25b6**\n\n\nThese COVID impacts are hitting an\neducation system that was already in\ncrisis: even before the pandemic **more**\n**than half of 10 year olds** in low- and\nmiddle-income countries were not\nlearning to read by the age of 10.\n\n\n\nChildren who don\u2019t develop foundational skills by the end of primary school are very unlikely to ever catch up. If governments and development partners do not act urgently, this crisis could turn into a catastrophe from which millions\nof children may never recover. **We propose seven action areas which governments globally need to commit to:**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n\n**We need to focus education technology where**\n**it is proven to be effective and most equitable:**\n**and we need to avoid the risk that technology**\n**continues to exacerbate inequality.**\n\n\n**We need to ensure that governments protect**\n**education budgets and that they target**\n**budgets to those who are left furthest behind.**\n\n\n**We need the international community to step**\n**up to fully finance education as a key part of**\n**the recovery from COVID.**\n\n\n**We need to ensure that any funding put into**\n**education achieves its maximum impact by**\n**improving coordination and the use of evidence.**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n**We must prioritize reopening schools,**\n**resume delivering vital services such as**\n**health and nutrition to children, and we**\n**need to protect the workforce and treat**\n**them as frontline workers.**\n\n\n**We must transform education making it**\n**more inclusive, engaging, and adaptive so**\n**that it can act as the engine of sustainable**\n**development that we desperately need.**\n\n\n**We need to strengthen the education**\n**workforce so that teachers and other**\n**professionals are equipped to enable**\n**learning and well-being for all children.**\n\n\n\nThe challenge for the education system globally is daunting. But while it may seem like an\nimpossible task we owe it to the next generation not to give up. Only by uniting to support\neffective and inclusive education can we ensure that all children can fulfill their potential to\nbuild a better and more resilient world.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d4b490e5-1b4c-3f38-b532-6fa1d8eb57b0/Cheat-Sheet.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_298/raw/doc_298_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_298/raw/doc_298_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7f8856363100cd846f3db2eb56d1d11f3896e07f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_298/raw/doc_298_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Table of contents\n\n\n#### 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Data Source and Methodology\n\n\n\n\n#### 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Data Presentation\n\n\n\nIn 2024, Lebanon faced a severe child\n\n\nprotection crisis, exacerbated by economic\n\n\ncollapse, displacement, and regional conflict.\n\n\nOver **11,318** child protection case\n\n\nmanagement cases were reported ( **39%** are\n\n\ngirls), with a significant number involving\n\n\nSyrian refugee children, who are particularly\n\n\nvulnerable due to displacement and lack of\n\n\nlegal protection.\n\n\nAlarmingly, over **55%** of cases under case\n\n\nmanagement were classified as high-risk,\n\n\nposing immediate threats to children's well\n\nbeing, of which **9.7%** of cases were referred\n\n\nto the judicial system. This increase in child\n\n\nprotection needs was coupled with reduced\n\n\ncapacity among State institutions and NGO\n\n\nservice providers to cater to the needs of the\n\n\naffected children in a timely and adequate\n\n\nmanner. For example, the Palace of Justice\n\n\nin Nabatiyeh was closed for several months,\n\n\nand many justice professionals including\n\n\njudges were themselves displaced, thus\n\n\ncausing delays in the administration of justice\n\n\nprocedures. In addition, NGO centers were\n\n\naffected and some rendered non\n\noperational.\n\n\n\nThe situation was further aggravated by high\n\n\nlevels of household stress, a significant\n\n\ndecline in the psychosocial wellbeing of\n\n\nchildren and their caregivers leading to\n\n\nincreased domestic violence, physical abuse,\n\n\nand children in conflict with the law.\n\n\nAccording to the latest Child Protection\n\n\nSector dashboard, **16,274** children and\n\n\n**12,939** caregivers received Focused\n\n\nPsychosocial Support (FPSS) services.\n\n\nDespite reaching over **83,415** individuals\n\n\nwith child protection programming, many still\n\n\nrequire assistance; and for many who were\n\n\nable to receive support, adequate levels of\n\n\nfollow-up were not always available.\n\n#### 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Regional Distribution of cases\n\n\n\nIn 2024, the highest number of cases\n\n\nreferred to case management was reported\n\n\nin Beirut and Mount Lebanon ( **3,333** ),\n\n\nfollowed by the North and Akkar ( **2,933** ),\n\n\nBekaa and Baalbek-Hermel ( **2,689** ), and the\n\n\nSouth and Nabatiyeh ( **2,363** ). The recent\n\n\nconflict escalation further exacerbated the\n\n\nsituation, contributing to **1,102** new cases,\n\n\npredominantly in the South.\n\n##### Focus on Syrian Refugee Children\n\n\nNearly **70%** of reported cases involved\n\n\nSyrian refugee children, underscoring their\n\n\nheightened vulnerability due to displacement,\n\n\npoverty, and lack of legal protection. Child\n\n\nprotection actors reported that Syrian refugee\n\n\nchildren, the largest vulnerable group, face\n\n\ndisproportionate challenges and limited\n\n\naccess to services, education, and\n\n\npsychosocial support due to mobility\n\n\nrestrictions, stigma, legal residency and\n\n\ndocumentation. Lebanese children\n\n\naccounted for over **21%** of the cases,\n\n\nindicating that the crisis affects all\n\n\ncommunities amid Lebanon\u2019s socioeconomic\n\n\ncollapse.\n\n\n\nThe displacement of Lebanese children,\n\n\ncompounded by prolonged crises, has\n\n\nseverely undermined traditional family and\n\n\ncommunity coping mechanisms\u2014exposing\n\n\nchildren to heightened protection risks,\n\n\nincluding exploitation, neglect, child labor\n\n\nand psychosocial distress.\n\n#### Nearly 70% of reported cases involved Syrian refugee children, underscoring their heightened vulnerability due to displacement, poverty, and lack of legal protection. 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported cases", - "confidence": 0.6320272088050842, - "start": 138, - "end": 140 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut and Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6272364258766174, - "start": 36, - "end": 40 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8270291686058044, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Children", - "confidence": 0.9401848912239075, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported cases", - "confidence": 0.8863329887390137, - "start": 277, - "end": 279 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9435856938362122, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee\n\n\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.9808669090270996, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Gender Dimension and Age Group Analysis\n\n\nThe data reveals a gender dimension: **61%**\n\n\n\nof cases involved boys, often linked to child\n\n\nlabor or legal conflicts. Girls, representing\n\n\n**39%**, are likely underreported due to cultural\n\n\nstigma and silence surrounding sexual and\n\n\ngender-based violence. More than **half** of the\n\n\naffected children were adolescents **aged** **12**\n\n\n**to** **17** \u2014a critical age where exposure to\n\n\nviolence, exploitation, and neglect can have\n\n\nlong-term consequences for mental health\n\n\nand development.\n\n##### Common Protection Issues\n\n\nChild labor and emotional abuse were the\n\n\nmost reported protection issues under case\n\n\nmanagement, affecting **3,998** and **3,292**\n\n\nchildren respectively. For **child** **labor**, the\n\n\ncases were distributed as follows: Akkar (600\n\n\ncases), Baalbek El Hermel (416 cases),\n\n\nBeirut (148 cases), Bekaa (508 cases),\n\n\nMount Lebanon (991 cases), Nabatiyeh (182\n\n\ncases), North (641 cases), South (512\n\n\ncases). Many children experienced multiple\n\n\nforms of harm, including neglect, domestic\n\n\nviolence, and physical abuse.\n\n\n#### Many children experienced multiple forms of harm, including neglect, domestic violence, and physical abuse.\n\nThe data shows **2,085** cases of domestic\n\n\nviolence, **1,108** cases of physical abuse, and\n\n\n**637** cases of sexual abuse, reflecting a\n\n\ncomplex web of child protection challenges in\n\n\nLebanon, where violence increasingly occurs\n\n\nwithin the home.\n\n\nCross-border movements, whether to or from\n\n\nSyria, posed additional risks to children, such\n\n\nas separation from their families, exposures\n\n\nto EORE, and limited access to services due\n\n\nto lack of civil documentation.\n\n#### 6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGirls\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n\n##### Common Protection Issues\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### Children in the Justice System\n\nThe high number of domestic and physical\n\n\nabuse cases points to growing household\n\n\nstress driven by economic collapse,\n\n\novercrowding, and psychological strain.\n\n\nAdditionally, the **922** cases of children in\n\n\ncontact with the law highlight rising number\n\n\nof children in the justice system, often linked\n\n\nto poverty, school dropout, and lack of safe\n\n\nrecreational spaces. Also, justice partners\n\n\nhave reported intensifying violence,\n\n\nparticularly for cases of violence against\n\n\nchildren at home.\n\n\n##### Alternative Care\n\nThe 2024 Alternative Care Dashboard\n\n\nreveals critical insights into child protection\n\n\ntrends, emphasizing the growing importance\n\n\nof adopting a family-centered approach in\n\n\ncase management. On the service delivery\n\n\nfront, the steady rise in cases supporting\n\n\nparents\u2014from **88** in 2021 to **199** in 2024\u2014\n\n\nand the surge in kinship care involvement\n\n\nreflect a strategic shift toward early\n\n\nintervention, reintegration, and community\n\nbased models over institutional placements.\n\n\nThe 2024 data on children at risk of\n\n\nseparation that were supported through case\n\n\nmanagement in Lebanon, particularly those\n\n\naffected by neglect and separation, shows a\n\n\nsignificant and concerning increase in both\n\n\nnew and ongoing cases, with a total of 1,580\n\n\ncases reported ( **1,073** old and **507** new),\n\n\ncompared to **1,039** in 2023 and just **236** in\n\n\n2022.\n\n\nThis sharp increase reflects not only growing\n\n\nvulnerability but also potentially improved\n\n\ndetection and reporting. Syrian children make\n\n\nup the overwhelming majority ( **73%)** of these\n\n\ncases, highlighting the disproportionate\n\n\nimpact of displacement and instability on\n\n\nrefugee populations, followed by Lebanese\n\n\n( **17.6%)** and Palestinian ( **2.8%)** children.\n\n#### 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n\n##### Alternative Care\n\nOf the new cases of children at high risk of\n\n\nseparation and those already separated in\n\n\n2024 who were supported through case\n\n\nmanagement services, **113** involved children\n\n\nseparated from their families with a judicial\n\n\nfile and **62** without, pointing to diverse entry\n\n\npoints into the child protection system and a\n\n\npotential gap in formal oversight. The\n\n\napproval of only **32** host families for the year\n\n\nillustrates a stark mismatch between needs\n\n\nand available alternative care options, and\n\n\nmore specifically, family and community\n\nbased options. While **146** cases were closed\n\n\nwith positive outcomes, suggesting some\n\n\nprogrammatic success, the overall data\n\n\nunderscores mounting pressure on the child\n\n\nprotection system and an urgent need to\n\n\nscale up interventions that support\n\n\nunnecessary separation of children from their\n\n\nfamilies and community-based, and family\n\noriented responses.\n\n\nOf the new cases of children at high\nrisk of separation and those already\nseparated in 2024 who were\nsupported through case\nmanagement services in 2024, 113\ninvolved children separated from\ntheir families with a judicial file and\n62 without, pointing to diverse entry\npoints into the child protection\nsystem and a potential gap in formal\noversight.\n\n\n##### Focused Psychosocial Support (FPSS)\n\nLebanon continues to experience\n\n\noverlapping crises that significantly impact\n\n\nthe wellbeing of children and caregivers. The\n\n\nprotracted economic collapse, political\n\n\ninstability, and the aftermath of the Beirut port\n\n\nexplosion have created a high-stress\n\n\nenvironment, further compounded by\n\n\nwidespread poverty and limited access to\n\n\nservices ( _World_ _Bank,_ _2023_ ). The ongoing\n\n\nSyrian refugee crisis has also led to\n\n\novercrowded communities and stretched\n\n\nresources, increasing tensions and risks of\n\n\ndomestic violence and neglect ( _UNHCR,_\n\n\n_2024_ ).\n\n\nMoreover, the spillover effects of regional\n\n\nconflicts, particularly the Gaza war in 2023\u2013\n\n\n2024, have heightened insecurity and fear\n\n\namong both Lebanese and refugee\n\n\npopulations ( _OCHA,_ _2024_ ). Children and\n\n\ncaregivers are increasingly exposed to\n\n\nemotional abuse, chronic stress, and\n\n\ndisrupted support systems, making focused\n\n\npsychosocial support interventions vital.\n\n\nCaregivers, who often bear the burden of\n\n\neconomic and emotional stress, are at risk of\n\n\nmental health deterioration, which directly\n\n\naffects their capacity to nurture and protect\n\n\ntheir children (UNICEF, 2024).\n\n#### 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Focused Psychosocial Support (FPSS)\n\n\nCBPSS offers a protective environment\n\n\n\nAddressing their wellbeing through structured\n\n\nand focused activities is essential for\n\n\nenhancing resilience and fostering recovery.\n\n\nFocused PSS interventions targeted children\n\n\nand caregivers experiencing high levels of\n\n\ndistress, often due to living in high-risk\n\n\nenvironments and exposure to trauma,\n\n\nemotional abuse, neglect, or chronic stress.\n\n\n**12,939** caregivers were engaged in\n\n\nwellbeing activities as their mental health\n\n\ndirectly influences children's recovery.\n\n##### Community-Based Psychosocial Support (CBPSS)\n\n\nIn times of war and protracted crisis,\n\n\nCommunity-Based Psychosocial Support\n\n\n(CBPSS) becomes essential for fostering a\n\n\nsense of safety, normalcy, and belonging\n\n\namong children. The ongoing instability in\n\n\nLebanon and the region exposes children to\n\n\ncontinuous stress, fear, and disrupted\n\n\nroutines, increasing their vulnerability\n\n\n(UNICEF, 2024).\n\n\n\nwhere children can build resilience through\n\n\npeer support and structured activities. It also\n\n\nhelps identify those in need of more\n\n\nspecialized care, serving as an entry point for\n\n\nfurther protection services. Amid escalating\n\n\ntensions and displacement, these\n\n\ncommunity-level interventions are critical for\n\n\nmaintaining children's emotional and social\n\n\nwell-being (OCHA, 2024). Community-Based\n\n\nPsychosocial Support (CBPSS) is a\n\n\ncornerstone of child protection in Lebanon\n\n\nwhere **97,323** children were reached through\n\n\nstructured group activities, life skills sessions,\n\n\nand recreational programming within their\n\n\ncommunities. **26,020** caregivers were\n\n\nsupported through positive parenting\n\n\nprogram.\n\n#### In times of war and protracted crisis, CBPSS becomes essential for fostering a sense of safety, normalcy, and belonging among children 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n\n##### Capacity Building\n\nCapacity building for NGOs is essential to\n\n\nensure that staff and volunteers are equipped\n\n\nwith the knowledge, skills, and tools needed\n\n\nto safeguard children effectively. It\n\n\nstrengthens their ability to identify and\n\n\nrespond to risks, manage cases ethically,\n\n\nand provide trauma-informed support.\n\n\nMoreover, it fosters compliance with national\n\n\nand international child protection standards,\n\n\nenhances coordination with other service\n\n\nproviders, and builds trust within\n\n\ncommunities. Ultimately, investing in capacity\n\n\nbuilding not only improves the quality of care\n\n\nand protection for children but also reinforces\n\n\nthe resilience and accountability of the\n\n\norganizations themselves. In 2024, **3,100**\n\n\ngovernment staff and humanitarian actors\n\n\nwere trained on Child Protection (CP) topics.\n\n#### In 2024, 3,100 government staff and humanitarian actors were trained on Child Protection (CP) topics.\n\n\n##### Impact and Urgency\n\nRegional data in 2024 highlights the urgency\n\n\nof the situation, with Mount Lebanon, Bekaa,\n\n\nand the South identified as key hotspots.\n\n\nThese areas are heavily impacted by\n\n\npoverty, high population density, and recent\n\n\nescalations in violence. Alarmingly, **over**\n\n\n**55%** of case management cases reported\n\n\nwere classified as high-risk, posing an\n\n\nimmediate threat to children's well-being.\n\n#### Alarmingly, over 55% of case management cases reported were classified as high-risk, posing an immediate threat to children's well- being 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Conclusion\n\n\n\nThese figures not only reflect a worsening\n\n\nchild protection situation but also an\n\n\noverwhelmed and under-resourced system.\n\n\nIn this context, the provision of case\n\n\nmanagement services is essential. It ensures\n\n\nthat vulnerable children receive tailored\n\n\nsupport, regular follow-up, and access to\n\n\nessential services. Investing in case\n\n\nmanagement is crucial to strengthening child\n\n\nprotection: intervening early, responding\n\n\neffectively, and preventing further harm. To\n\n\naddress the current challenges, scaling up\n\n\nFocused PSS is essential. This requires\n\n\ninvesting in trained facilitators, expanding\n\n\naccess in underserved areas like Akkar and\n\n\nNabatiyeh, and integrating psychosocial\n\n\nsupport into all levels of the humanitarian\n\n\nresponse.\n\n##### Recommendations and Call to Action\n\n\n- Scale up case management services\n\n\nacross all regions, with a focus on timely\n\n\nidentification, holistic support, and safe\n\n\nreferral mechanisms.\n\n\n- Prioritize investment in Focused and\n\n\nCommunity-Based Psychosocial Support,\n\n\nensuring qualified personnel, adequate\n\n\ncoverage, and sustained funding.\n\n\n\n\n- Strengthen accountability mechanisms,\n\n\nincluding referrals to the judicial system, to\n\n\nbreak the cycle of impunity.\n\n\n- Target underserved and high-risk areas such\n\n\nas Akkar, Nabatiyeh, and South Lebanon for\n\n\nurgent intervention.\n\n\n- Integrate child protection across all sectors of\n\n\nthe humanitarian and development response\n\n\nrecognizing it as lifesaving.\n\n\n- Scale up child labor prevention and response\n\n\nprograms by linking vulnerable families to\n\n\ncash assistance, education, and protection\n\n\nservices.\n\n\n- Strengthen enforcement of child labor laws\n\n\nthrough collaboration with municipalities and\n\n\nrelevant ministries. (MoJ, MoL, MEHE,\n\n\nMOSA)\n\n\n- Investing in parenting programs is essential to\n\n\nequip caregivers with the skills to provide\n\n\nsafe, nurturing, and non-violent environments\n\n\nfor their children.\n\n#### These figures not only reflect a worsening child protection situation but also an overwhelmed and under-resourced system. 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Lessons Learned During Emergency\n\n\n\n**1.** **Adaptability** **of** **Case** **Management** **in**\n\n\n**Crises** : Case management systems must\n\n\nbe flexible and responsive to operate during\n\n\nconflict and displacement. This includes the\n\n\ncapacity for remote service delivery when\n\n\ninstitutions are closed or staff are relocated,\n\n\nmaintaining updated referral pathways, and\n\n\nadapting tools and communication methods\n\n\nto the context. Partners are encouraged to\n\n\nconsult the CP Alliance\u2019s Guidance on\n\n\nCase Management During Programme\n\n\nClosures to inform adaptive practices.\n\n\n**2.** **Urgent** **Scale-Up** **of** **Protection** **Services**\n\n\n**in** **High-Risk** **Areas** : Regions such as\n\n\n**Akkar**, **Nabatiyeh**, and **South** Lebanon\n\n\nface heightened vulnerability and limited\n\n\naccess to services. A tailored scale-up of\n\n\nchild protection interventions in these areas\n\n\nis critical to meet the growing needs of\n\n\naffected children and families.\n\n\n**3.** **Integration** **of** **Focused** **PSS** **into** **Case**\n\n\n**Management** : With rising levels of\n\n\nemotional distress among children and\n\n\ncaregivers, the integration of PSS into case\n\n\nmanagement is essential.\n\n\n\nThis should be tailored to crisis-specific\n\n\nneeds, including child labour, emotional well\n\nbeing, and severe distress among\n\n\nadolescents, ensuring a holistic response\n\n\nthat supports mental health and protection\n\n\noutcomes\n\n\n**4.** **Inclusive** **Programming** **for** **Refugees**\n\n\n**and Host Communities:** Protection risks are\n\n\nincreasing not only for Syrian refugee\n\n\nchildren\u2014due to legal and mobility barriers\u2014\n\n\nbut also for vulnerable Lebanese children.\n\n\nProgramming must be inclusive, ensuring\n\n\nthat both refugee and host community\n\n\nchildren are equally reached through needs\n\nbased and equitable interventions.\n\n\n**5.** **Multisectoral** **Response** **to** **Child**\n\n\n**Labour:** Child labour continues to pose\n\n\nserious risks and requires a coordinated,\n\n\nmultisectoral approach that integrates\n\n\nprotection, education, and livelihoods\n\n\nsupport. Cross-sector collaboration is vital to\n\n\naddress both immediate and structural\n\n\ncauses of child labour.\n\n#### 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### Lessons Learned During Emergency\n\n\n\n**6.** **Family-Based** **Interventions** **to** **Address**\n\n\n**Abuse and Caregiver Stress**\n\n\nSocioeconomic stress exacerbates domestic\n\n\nand emotional abuse, underscoring the\n\n\nimportance of family-based interventions.\n\n\nParenting programs (MHPSS Level 2) and\n\n\nemotional support for caregivers (MHPSS Level\n\n\n3) are essential. The inclusion of the IASC\n\n\nMHPSS Pyramid in programming materials can\n\n\nguide actors in delivering tiered psychosocial\n\n\nsupport. IASC Guidelines on MHPSS in\n\n\nEmergency Settings\n\n\n**7.** **Community-Based** **PSS** **as** **a** **Key** **Entry**\n\n\n**Point** : Community-based psychosocial support\n\n\nplays a critical role in early identification of at\n\nrisk children and in providing safe spaces for\n\n\nhealing. It should be scaled up and sustained\n\n\nas a foundational element of the child\n\n\nprotection response.\n\n\n**8.** **Justice** **System** **Coordination** **for** **Timely**\n\n\n**Protection:** Effective child protection requires\n\n\nstrong coordination with justice actors. Delays\n\n\nin judicial processes compromise protection\n\n\noutcomes; therefore, joint efforts are needed to\n\n\nimprove responsiveness and accountability\n\n\nwithin the justice system\n\n\n\n**9.** **Enhanced** **Data** **Systems** **for** **Informed**\n\n\n**Decision-Making** : Reliable, disaggregated,\n\n\nand real-time data is essential for effective\n\n\nplanning and response. Strengthening data\n\n\ncollection tools, improving reporting quality,\n\n\nand enabling real-time analysis are critical to\n\n\nguiding timely and targeted interventions.\n\n\n**10.** **Harmonized** **Guidance** **and** **Sector-**\n\n\n**Wide** **Endorsement:** Consistent use of\n\n\nendorsed sector guidance among all child\n\n\nprotection actors ensures the quality and\n\n\ncoherence of service delivery. During the\n\n\nemergency, the strong leadership of the PSS\n\n\nCommittee highlighted the importance of\n\n\ncoordinated, evidence-based approaches to\n\n\nprotection programming.\n\n#### 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### List of Child Protection Partners Reporting Case Management in 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### List of Donors Funding the Child Protection Partners Reporting Case Management in 2024\n\n\n1. Australia\n\n\n2. ECHO\n\n\n3. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)\n\n\n4. Freedom fund Lebanon\n\n\n5. German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO)\n\n\n6. International Rescue Committee (IRC)\n\n\n7. Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS )\n\n\n8. Lebanon Humanitarian Fund (LHF)\n\n\n9. Netherlands\n\n\n10. Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)\n\n\n11. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA)\n\n\n12. PRIVATE DONORS\n\n\n13. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)\n\n\n14. Swiss Solidarity\n\n\n15. Switzerland\n\n\n16. UNHCR\n\n\n17. UNICEF\n\n\n18. US BPRM\n\n\n#### 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection in Lebanon: Escalating Risks Amidst Crisis and Systemic Gaps\n\n##### References\n\n\n\n\n#### 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Document version Date Changes made\n\n\n01 28 May 2025 Launch\n\n### **Analysis Report 2024**\n\n\nChild Protection Sector | 2024\nCase Management Task Force | PSS Committee\n\n\n**CP Working Group contacts**\n\n\n**Rana Bizri**\nUNICEF CP Sub-Sector Coordinator\nRbizri@unicef.org\n\n\n**Cynthia Feghali**\nMoSA MOSA Sector Lead\nCynthiafeghaly.mosa@gmail.com\n\n\n**Lucy Atim**\nSCI CP Sub-Sector Co-Coordinator\n\nLucy.Atim@savethechildren.org\n\n\n**Taghrid Abdallah**\nCase Management Task Force\nTaghrid.Abdallah@rescue.org\n\n\n**Ahmad Einein**\nPSS Committee\nAhmad.einein@rescue.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/126d9ace-6222-53bf-acf5-2f8522e6f05c/Child%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_299/raw/doc_299_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_299/raw/doc_299_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d4e7712d28dca8260ff6147a74b3ca6aa5975bb6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_299/raw/doc_299_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 264**\n\n# **Clarifying UNHCR Resettlement** **A few considerations from a legal perspective**\n\n\n**Haruno Nakashiba**\n\n\nEmail: nakashib@unhcr.org\n\n\nNovember 2013\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction***\n\n\nThe resettlement of a refugee to a third country from the country in which he or she first\nsought asylum is one of the three durable solutions (voluntary repatriation, local integration,\nand resettlement) that the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR) is mandated to seek, in addition to its core function of providing international\nprotection to its persons of concern.\n\n\nAcademic studies on refugee resettlement under the auspices of UNHCR are largely\nclassified into three disciplinary approaches. One is a historical approach that examines the\nevolution of UNHCR resettlement in the macro-political landscape [1] . The second approach is\nanthropological and reveals the micro-politics most specifically related to the identification of\nrefugees for resettlement [2] . The third approach is to examine resettlement from a legal\nviewpoint; only a few studies have been conducted from this perspective. [3]\n\n\nOne critique of UNHCR resettlement notes that it \u2018lacks a clear definition and it has been\nmanipulated as a major tool for States to apply discretionary policies.\u2019 [4] In particular, the\nresettlement of African refugees \u2018has been shaped by the continuing tension between political\nimperatives and humanitarian obligations.\u2019 [5] It is also noted that these three durable solutions\n\u2018find loose support from legal instruments and are mainly derived from the regular practice of\nstates and international organisations.\u2019 Consequently, \u2018they are embedded in a complex set of\npolitical, economic, and strategic interests that often go far beyond humanitarian concerns on\nrefugees\u2019 protection.\u2019 [6]\n\n\nThe UNHCR resettlement operates within a complex matrix of human rights, humanitarian\nand political considerations. It is therefore essential that we carefully analyse the two\npropositions that have been made: first, that there is no clear definition of resettlement, and\nsecond, that resettlement has only loose support from legal instruments. There has been no\nstudies conducted that analysed the resettlement mechanisms in relation to legal frameworks.\nClose examinations of the definition and the functions of resettlement would achieve more\nclarity on the UNHCR resettlement.\n\n\n- I wish to thank Johannes Van Der Klaauw and Yukiko Iriyama for their valuable comments on this paper. I\nalso express my gratitude to William Lipsit for his helpful advice on the first draft.\n1 Troeller 2002, 1991; Bessa 2009.\n2 See for example: Sandvik 2011; Jansen 2008; Horst 2006\n3 The legal approach is often subsumed in the analysis of policies, noting that they are imbedded in international\nand domestic landscapes. Stanvic (2011) has made one such attempt, focusing particularly on the resettlement of\nrefugees from Africa.\n4 Bessa 2009\n5\nSandvik 2010\n6 Bessa 2009\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This paper aims to clarify the UNHCR resettlement first by seeking legal justification to its\ndefinition and functions (section 2). Second, by identifying the area of legal disjuncture in the\nresettlement process and the importance of legal support for resettlement practices to function\nfully as a tool for international protection (section 3) in the European context. Third, this\npaper proposes future areas of research focusing on legal aspects of resettlement (section 4).\n\n\n**The definition and functions of resettlement**\n\nThe UNHCR Resettlement Handbook [7] presents the following definition of resettlement:\n\n\nResettlement involves the selection and transfer of refugees from a State in which they\nhave sought protection to a third State which has agreed to admit them \u2013 as refugees \u2013\nwith permanent residence status. The status provided ensures protection against\n_refoulement_ and provides a resettled refugee and his/her family or dependants with\naccess to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals. Resettlement also carries with it\nthe opportunity to eventually become a naturalized citizen of the resettlement country.\n\nFurthermore, resettlement serves three equally important functions [8] :\n\n\nFirst, it is a _tool to provide international protection_ and meet the special needs of\nindividual refugees whose life, liberty, health or other fundamental rights are at risk in\nthe country where they have sought refuge.\n\nSecond, it is a _durable solution_ for larger numbers or groups of refugees, alongside the\nother durable solutions of voluntary repatriation and local integration.\n\nThird, it can be a tangible _expression of international solidarity_ and a responsibilitysharing mechanism, allowing States to help share responsibility for refugee protection,\nand reduce problems impacting the country of asylum.\n\nThe aforementioned definition of resettlement is indeed a description of the process and\nconditions of resettlement. However, the definition is simultaneously closely tied to the three\nfunctions of resettlement that are defined thereafter. Correspondingly, one way to resolve the\npossible ambiguity of resettlement is to analyse the definition in light of these functions of\nresettlement.\n\nThe definition of resettlement starts with a sentence that \u2018[r]esettlement involves the selection\n\n[\u2026] of refugees\u2019. The \u2018selection\u2019 of refugees starts with the UNHCR identifying refugee\nresettlement applicants based on protection principles and therefore provides international\nprotection which falls under the first function of resettlement. Resettlement countries then\nconduct their own selections. The \u2018transfer of refugees from a State in which they have\nsought protection to a third State\u2019 is a physical relocation process. The resettlement countries\nmust have agreed to \u2018admit them as refugees\u2019, and this implies they must have a shared\ndefinition with the UNHCR of who is a refugee. The phrase \u2018with permanent resident status\u2019\nimplies that the refugees will have certain rights and protections such that \u2018[protect] against\n_refoulement_ and provides a resettled refugee and his/her family or dependants with access to\n\n\n7\nUNHCR 2001a; the handbook was then revised in 2004, and the most recent revision was made in July 2011.\n8\n_Ibid._ (emphasis added)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals.\u2019 The resettlement countries must provide\nresettled refugees with \u2018the opportunity to eventually become a naturalised citizen\u2019 which is\nprecisely why resettlement can be viewed as offering refugees durable solution which is the\nsecond function of resettlement. Finally (third function of resettlement), resettlement \u2018can be\na tangible expression of international solidarity\u2019 and can \u2018share responsibility for refugee\nprotection, and reduce problems impacting the country of asylum\u2019 through the relocation of\nrefugees. The following sections closely examine these functions of resettlement.\n\n_The selection of refugees and resettlement needs \u2013 an international protection tool_\n\nEach refugee resettlement application must normally include a Resettlement Registration\nForm (RRF). [9] The RRF is the primary document that the UNHCR submits to resettlement\ncountries and it contains information on resettlement needs and refugee status of individual\nrefugee applicants. The UNHCR Resettlement Handbook states that the information\npresented on the RRF must be of high quality for a resettlement application to be\nsuccessful. [10] The UNHCR RRF, as the main document required in resettlement cases, has a\ntwo-part structure. The first component presents the refugee applicant\u2019s refugee claim [11] and\nthe UNHCR\u2019s conclusion on the individual\u2019s refugee status in relation to the 1951 Refugee\nConvention. The second component describes the applicant\u2019s need for resettlement which\nforms the basis for the UNHCR to identify refugees for resettlement.\n\nSince the 1990s, the UNHCR has strengthened protection functions of resettlement which\nresulted in more streamlined identification of resettlement applicants. In particular, the\nUNHCR resettlement policy has developed significantly since the turn of the millennium,\nimpacting the resettlement programme both qualitatively and quantitatively. The UNHCR has\nmade rigorous efforts to streamline resettlement case identification as a vital protection tool\nand to improve its resettlement management and planning apparatus. As a result, resettlement\nhas become a protection tool that identifies categories of individuals who are in need of\nresettlement as a long-term solution.\n\nThe most frequently applied UNHCR resettlement category is the Legal and/or Physical\nProtection Needs. The Resettlement Handbook (2011a:248) defines that a refugee\u2019s situation\nmust meet one or more of the following conditions to qualify for this category.\n\n\n - immediate or long-term threat of _refoulement_ to the country of origin or expulsion\nto another country from where the refugee may be _refouled_ ;\n\n - threat of arbitrary arrest, detention or imprisonment;\n\n - threat to physical safety to fundamental human rights in the country of refuge,\nrendering asylum untenable.\n\nWhile it is the responsibility of any contracting State to provide international protection to\nrefugees, it is widely accepted that the UNHCR has a responsibility to monitor and intervene,\nif necessary, to ensure that such protection is provided. The \u2018immediate or long term threat of\n_refoulement_ to the country of origin or expulsion to another country from where refugee may\n\n\n9 The UNHCR Group Resettlement methodology is exceptional to this requirement of individual RRFs (ibid:\n233)\n10 UNHCR 2011a: 335\n11 Non-refugee stateless person could be considered for resettlement.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "be refouled\u2019, [12] _i.e.,_ a breach of Articles 33 and 32 of the 1951 Refugee Convention, is one of\nthe scenarios requiring legal and physical protection. This category is inclusive of other\nsituations in which basic human rights are at risk, contrary to, _inter alia_, Article 26 (freedom\nof movement), the restriction of which often results in arbitrary arrest, detention or\nimprisonment; Article 16 (access to courts); and threats to physical safety and basic human\nrights, also enshrined in the International Bill of Rights, thus rendering asylum an untenable\nresult.\n\nThe UNHCR also identifies Survivors of Violence and/or Torture as a resettlement category\nbased on the understanding that \u2018[r]efugees who have survived torture or violence may have\nspecific needs that warrant resettlement consideration because the trauma they have endured\nmay have a serious detrimental effect on their mental and physical well-being\u2019. [13]\n\nIf we seek to understand the detrimental effects of trauma that constitute the basis of this\ncategory, we can look to Article 1C (5) of the 1951 Refugee Convention. The 1951 Refugee\nConvention presents the conditions under which a refugee ceases to be a refugee. Article 1C\napplies to nationalities whose reasons for becoming a refugee have ceased to exist. However,\nArticle 1C (5) excludes individuals who \u2018may have been subjected to very serious\npersecution in the past and will not therefore cease to be a refugee, even if fundamental\nchanges have occurred in [their] country of origin\u2019, commenting that \u2018it is frequently\nrecognized that a person who \u2013 or whose family \u2013 has suffered under atrocious forms of\npersecution should not be expected to repatriate. Even though there may have been a change\nof regime in his country, this may not always produce a complete change in the attitude of the\npopulation, nor, in view of is past experiences, in the mind of the refugee\u2019 [14] . This\nresettlement category was established based on the understanding that repatriation is not\ngenerally an appropriate solution for survivors of severe violence and/or torture for the same\nreason.\n\nIn addition, the Resettlement Handbook explains that \u2018[t]he situation in the country of asylum\nmay not be conducive to effective support (due to, for example the inaccessibility of\nappropriate health care, counselling services or stability) and may compound the trauma.\u2019 [15]\nResettlement is therefore a viable solution for survivors of violence and/or torture because\nthey are not to be expected to repatriate to their countries of origin and because mental health\nand medical support mechanisms will be more available to them in resettlement countries\nthan in their countries of asylum.\n\nThe Women and Girls at Risk resettlement category has elements of the Physical and/or Legal\nProtection Needs and Survivors of Violence and/or Torture categories with an obvious\nemphasis on gender-specific needs. [16]\n\n\n - she faces precarious security or physical protection threats as a result of her gender;\n\n - she has specific needs arising from past persecution and/or traumatization;\n\n - she faces circumstances of severe hardship resulting in exposure to exploitation and\nabuse, rendering asylum untenable;\n\n - there has been a change in the social norms, customs, laws and values resulting in the\n\n\n12 UNHCR 2011a\n13 _Ibid._ 250\n14 UNHCR 2011b\n15 _Ibid._ : 250\n16 _Ibid._ : 265\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "suspension of or deviation from traditional protection and conflict resolution. This\nplaces the refugee woman or girls at such risk that it renders asylum untenable.\n\nThis category addresses the special needs of women and girls, particularly the \u2018victimization\nand stigmatization of women survivors of rape, abuse, or other forms of violence\u2019, which is\nnot uncommon, particularly in traditional societies, and can require the immediate removal of\nthe individual in question. This category also addresses domestic violence as a potential\nreason for resettlement because domestic violence may require a change in location for\nsecurity reasons. Past persecution and trauma are one of the reasons a woman may be\nsubmitted for resettlement under this category: \u2018Very often, refugee women who have already\nbeen severely traumatized in their country of origin are more vulnerable to being retraumatized. Latent psychological effects of past torture or trauma, coupled with adverse\ncircumstances in the country of refuge, are likely to exacerbate their state of mental health.\nSuch women may require mental psychological or social counselling or rehabilitation or\nqualified medical care for any meaningful recovery, and such opportunities may not be\nreadily available in the country of refuge.\u2019 [17]\n\nWhile resettlement categories are based on the present situation of the refugee, one of the\ncategories, the Lack of Foreseeable Alternative Durable Solutions, is \u2018future-oriented.\u2019 [18] ; \u2019It\nbalances the quality of asylum in a given country at a given moment against the prospects of\nenhancing asylum and prospects of local integration or voluntary repatriation within a\nforeseeable time frame.\u2019 [19] . Many indicators of whether refugees have meaningful prospects\nof local integration in the country of refuge are a _de facto_ manifestation of the values\nenshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention. According to the Resettlement Handbook, [20] the\nindications for prospects of local integration include legal, social and economic protection;\nissuance of work permits; the inclusion of refugees in local apprenticeship schemes; the\nsignificant number of marriages between refugees and members of the local population; and\nthe inclusion on the part of the authorities to grant citizenship to refugees of a specific\nnationality/category.\n\nAs the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook states, the length of stay and prospects for\nintegration are key elements for consideration as a resettlement submission category because\n`[p]rotracted stays in refugee camps (formally defined as five years or more) can increase the\nrisks to which refugees may be exposed, and have negative consequences. Refugee children\nand adolescents born in the country of refuge that have never known any other environment\n(refugee camp, urban area) nor seen their homeland are particularly affected. Given their\noverall situation, these children/adolescents are at risk of becoming a \u2018lost generation\u2019.\u201d [21]\n\n\nThe aforementioned four reasons for resettlement are most frequently applied to refugees\nwho are identified and submitted by the UNHCR for resettlement. In 2011, 95 per cent of\ntotal resettlement case submissions by the UNHCR were made under these categories (Legal\nand/or Physical Protection Needs, 46 per cent; Lack of Foreseeable Alternative Durable\nSolutions, 21 per cent; Survivor of Violence and/or Torture, 18 per cent; and Woman and\nGirls at Risk, 10 per cent; 2013 GRN). Other resettlement categories such as Medical Needs,\nFamily Reunification and Children and Adolescents at Risk address resettlement needs of\n\n\n17 _Ibid._ : 267\n18 _Ibid._ : 288\n19 _Ibid._\n20 _Ibid._ : 290-291\n21 _Ibid._ : 291.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "life-saving medical interventions, reunification of family members and special needs of\nminors in which resettlement may be the best solution.\n\n\nIn analysing resettlement in relation to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it is important to\nconclude that resettlement categories are intimately linked to the rights enshrined in the 1951\nRefugee Convention.\n\n_The transfer of refugees from a State in which they have sought protection to a third State_\n\nThe first form of resettlement was foreseen as early as the 1936 and 1938 Refugee\nConventions; at that time, refugee agencies assumed that \u2018there was little likelihood that\nrefugees would be accommodated in the first asylum country\u2019 and \u2018[u]nder these\narrangements, most persons recognized as refugees were instead expected to resettle in\noverseas states.\u2019 [22] The Statute of the Office of the UNHCR, under the Chapter II, 9, stipulates\nthe responsibility of the office that \u2018[t]he High Commissioner shall engage in such additional\nactivities, including repatriation and resettlement, as the General Assembly may determine,\nwithin the limits of the resources placed at his disposal.\u2019\n\nThe Statute of the UNHCR refers to resettlement in its Chapter II, 8 (e) \u2018Endeavour to obtain\npermission for refugees to transfer their assets, especially those necessary for their\nresettlement\u2019 as a part of the protection functions of the High Commissioner for Refugees.\nThe General Assembly Resolution 428 (v) of 14 December 1950 asks for Governments to cooperate with the High Commissioner of his function 2.(g) Permitting refugees to transfer their\nassets and especially those necessary for their resettlement.\n\nThe 1951 Refugee Convention upholds the value of resettlement and its legitimacy through\nArticle 30 (1), States\u2019 obligation to permit refugees to transfer assets to the country to which\nthey have been admitted for the purpose of resettlement and (2) States to give sympathetic\nconsideration to the preceding clause (1), and Article 31 (2) States\u2019 obligation to allow\nrefugees a reasonable period and all the necessary facilities to obtain admission into another\ncountry. Articles 30 and 31 assure that individual refugees are legally entitled to devise their\nown resettlement solutions. [23] Articles 30 and 31 of the 1951 Refugee Convention stipulate the\nhost Government\u2019s responsibility to assure refugees the rights to transfer assets and the time\nto make arrangements for the purpose of resettlement.\n\n_State agrees to admit them \u2013 as refugees \u2013 with permanent residence status\u2026 eventually_\n_become a naturalised citizen - A durable solution tool_\n\nThe 1951 Refugee Convention obligations on States do not emerge until a refugee is\nphysically in the territory. Accepting a refugee for resettlement who is still in a first country\nof asylum does not in theory trigger the obligations of the country of resettlement until the\nrefugee arrives in its territory. The definition of resettlement, however, stipulates that a\ncountry that has agreed to admit refugees shall accord them a permanent resident status [24] and\nthat status ensures protection against _refoulement_ and provides a resettled refugee and his or\nher family members or dependants with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by\n\n22 Hathaway 2005: 964\n23 _Ibid._ : 965\n24 UNHCR 2011a\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nationals [25] . Resettlement in this manner materializes a situation in which the refugee is\ntransferred to a country in which he or she becomes a permanent resident [26] and, moreover, is\neventually offered realistic legal provisions to become a naturalized citizen. [27] In other words,\nthe opportunity to eventually become a naturalized citizen of the resettlement country is\nintegral in the resettlement process.\n\nThe General Assembly Resolution 428 (V) (14 December 1950) that adopted the UNHCR\nStatute calls upon Governments to co-operate with the UNHCR in \u2018Promoting the\nassimilation of refugees, especially by facilitating their naturalization\u2019 (2. (e)).\n\n\nIn the European context, in particular, this States\u2019 obligation is formulated in Article 6(4)(g)\nof the European Convention on Nationality, according to which each State party \u2018shall\nfacilitate in its international law the acquisition of its nationality for [...] stateless persons and\nrecognized refugees lawfully and habitually resident on its territory.\u2019 [28]\n\nArticle 34 of the 1951 Refugee Convention sets out the obligation of States to endeavour to\noffer this durable solution to refugees.\n\n\nArticle 34. Naturalization\nThe Contracting States shall as far as possible facilitate the assimilation and\nnaturalization of refugees. They shall in particular make every effort to expedite\nnaturalization proceedings and to reduce as far as possible the changes and costs of\nsuch proceedings.\n\nNaturalization has an important consequence with respect to the 1951 Refugee Convention.\nThe international protection needs cease when its surrogate functions are no longer required\nand when the normal safeguards of national protection are secured and provided. One of the\nfive scenarios in which such a transformation of legal status occurs is when a refugee has\nacquired a new nationality (Article 1C(3)). This provision does not specify where the new\nnationality is acquired: that is, from his/her country of first asylum or a third country.\nResettlement assures a durable status to refugees; to this end, Article 34 is material. [29]\n\n\n25 In particular, \u2018[b]ecoming a citizen bespeaks a qualitatively distinct level of acceptance of the refugee by the\nhost state. Once a citizen, not only is the refugee guaranteed the right to remain and to enjoy basic rights as\nrequired by the Refugee Convention and general norma of international human rights law, but he or she is\nentitled also to take part as an equal in the political life of the country\u2019 (Hathaway 2005: 979).\n26 Some resettlement countries offer refugee status; other resettlement countries offer permanent residency to\nrefugees when they accept refugees for resettlement.\n27 At this point, the distinction between convention status and subsidiary protection status appear to become\nblurry to the fact that the former entails residency and a more permanent status. The UNHCR concludes by\nreaffirming that the post-resettlement integration of both convention and subsidiary protection refugees as a\ndurable solution is an important part of the States\u2019 commitment under the 1951 Convention (UNHCR 2007).\n28 UNHCR 2007\n29 It should be noted, however, that Article 34 does not include non-derogable right in the way that Articles 1, 3,\n4, 16(1) and 33 do. The article is not presented as a strong obligation in the sense that \u2018[I]t neither requires that\nstate parties ultimately grant their citizenship to refugees, nor that refugees accept any such offer made to them\u2019\n(Hathaway 2005, reference omitted).\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While Article 34 is not a non-derogable right in the way that Articles 1, 3, 4, 16(1) and 33 are.\nThe article is also not presented as a strong obligation in the sense that \u2018[I]t neither requires\nthat state parties ultimately grant their citizenship to refugees, nor that refugees accept any\nsuch offer made to them.\u2019 [30] However, in the definition of resettlement, the provision of\nArticle 34 is worded more strongly. It in fact is a precondition for a State to accept a refugee\nfor resettlement because it assures the durable solution function of resettlement.\n\n_International Responsibility Sharing_\n\nFrequently used resettlement needs categories such as Legal and/or Physical Protection\nNeeds, Survivor of Violence and/or Torture, Women and Girls at Risk emerged because there\nare unmet needs and unsecured rights in the first countries of asylum which would be better\nfulfilled in resettlement countries. The Lack of Foreseeable Alternative Durable Solutions\ncategory is applied when a first country of asylum does not envision the assimilation or\nnaturalization of refugees as a promising solution in the foreseeable future. This solution can\nbe provided by another country, _i.e._ by a resettlement country. The 1951 Refugee Convention\nArticle 34 \u2018is predicated on a recognition that a refugee required to remain outside his or her\nhome country should at some point benefit from a series of privileges, including political\nrights.\u2019 [31]\n\nOne of the functions of resettlement is international responsibility sharing in which countries\nhave agreed on the benefit of the use of resettlement to alleviate each other\u2019s burdens and to\nreduce the problems affecting the countries of first asylum. [32] Thus far, the responsibility\nsharing mechanism has concretely involved resources and spaces required to provide asylum.\nIn fact, the responsibility sharing function of resettlement should not be viewed as limited to\nphysically relocating refugees and providing asylum.\n\nIt is important to note that the rights afforded to refugees by resettlement countries are often\nmore generous than the rights offered by many of the first countries of asylum in which the\nmajority of world\u2019s refugees reside. The transfer of refugees under the resettlement\nprogramme fundamentally rests on the promise of better rights. Therefore, there are clear\nreasons to consider resettlement as realising the values enshrined in the 1951 Convention.\n\nThe justifications for the selection and transfer of refugees are rooted in the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and fall under the statutory responsibilities of the UNHCR, first, as an agency\nthat provides international protection and second, as one that provides assistance with the\ntransfer of assets and with permit applications. There is no controversy regarding these\nactivities.\n\n**Determination of refugee status**\n\nAn element of the definition of UNHCR resettlement that requires careful attention is the\nphrase \u2018State (which has) agreed to admit them \u2013 as refugees \u2013\u2019. Determining who is a\nrefugee is not as straightforward as determining the need for resettlement: while it is solely at\nthe UNHCR\u2019s discretion to conclude on the need for resettlement, resettlement countries\n\n30 Hathaway 2005 (reference omitted)\n31 _Ibid._ : 98l\n32 UNHCR 2003a\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conduct double-screening to determine the refugee status in order to make admission\ndecisions. This double screening practice concentrates on the eligibility determination of\nrefugee status and it also includes non-prejudicial requirements the resettlement country may\nhave. [33]\n\n_Various refugee categories in resettlement_\n\nRefugees recognized by the UNHCR pursuant to its mandate can be considered for\nresettlement. It is a precondition for a resettlement consideration that the applicant is\ndetermined to be a refugee by the UNHCR. [ 3435] The boundary of mandate refugee definition\nis broader than that of the 1951 Refugee Convention. The Resettlement Handbook notes that\n\u2018it is also important to be aware that many resettlement States restrict their resettlement\nprogrammes to refugees recognized under the 1951 Convention. Therefore, the prospects for\nresettlement are, in reality, often more limited for refugees recognized by UNHCR under one\nof the broader refugee definitions.\u2019 [ 36] As a result, UNHCR staff must \u2018seek to identify the\nbasis for eligibility under the 1951 Convention wherever possible.\u2019 [ 37]\n\nIndeed, the single most frequently considered eligibility criterion for the traditional European\nresettlement countries [38] to make a resettlement admission decision is the Convention refugee\nstatus. [39] Some countries make it a requirement that this status determination must be\nconducted at the same standard applied to adjudicate asylum application in those countries\n(Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom). There are also\nspecial provisions within their respective frameworks for lowering the admission threshold in\ncases of critical illness (Denmark), in situations in which resettlement yields strategic impacts\n(Norway), or when the UNHCR\u2019s assessment of refugee status is simply accepted (United\nKingdom).\n\n\n33 Family size, health status, educational or professional background and religion are the factors that some of the\nresettlement countries apply to screen resettlement application.\n34 Exceptions can be made for non-refugee stateless persons for whom resettlement is considered the most\nappropriate durable solution, and also for the resettlement of certain non-refugee dependent family members to\nretain family unity (UNHCR 2011a).\n35 UNHCR 2011a\n36 _Ibid._\n37 _Ibid._\n38\nTraditional European resettlement countries are Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands and\nSwitzerland. Other traditional resettlement countries are the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In more\nrecent years, new countries such as the UK, Ireland and Brazil have initiated regular resettlement programmes.\n39 According to the Country Chapters annexed to the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook (2004a and 2011a) and\naccording to the information that has been made available by the respective resettlement countries\u2019 adjudicating\nministries on their websites (Danish Immigration Service: [http://www.udlst.dk; Swedish Migrationsverket:](http://www.udlst.dk/)\n[http://www.migrationsverket.se;](http://www.migrationsverket.se/) Finnish Directorate of Immigration: [http://www.uvi.fi;](http://www.uvi.fi/) Norwegian\nUtlendingsdirektoratet: [http://www.udi.no; Icelandic Directorate of Immigration:](http://www.udi.no/) [http://www.utl.is (last visited](http://www.utl.is/)\n16 Jan. 2012).\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A progressive development occurred in the European asylum system during the early 2000s [40] :\nthe newly emerged subsidiary protection scheme which the UNHCR was deeply involved in [41]\nresulted in the expansion of the legally permissible range of refugee admission, including\nthrough resettlement. This broadened interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention was no\ndoubt a breakthrough for both on-shore asylum and resettlement because it expanded the\nlegal basis for admitting refugees who otherwise may have been considered ineligible under\nthe 1951 Refugee Convention definition, including _prima facie_ refugees or refugees in\nprotracted situations. [42]\n\nAt the same time, the act of granting separate subsidiary protection declares that the person is\nnot a refugee in the sense of the word that is advanced by the 1951 Refugee Convention. [43] In\nattempting to justify more egalitarian treatment for those granted subsidiary protection\ncategory, scholars have attempted to advocate broadening the definition of refugees that is\npresented in the 1951 Refugee Convention. These developments reveal that the application of\nthe Convention is subject to interpretation and that there is no single right answer, as is the\ncase with laws in general.\n\nMcAdam advocates that \u2018under international law, beneficiaries of protection, whether as\nConvention refugees or otherwise, are entitled to an identical status\u2019 [44] . In her argument, she\ntraces the origin of granting the same status to those fleeing situations of armed conflict and\ncommunal violence in Article 1A (1) [45] of the Refugee Convention. [46] It is significant in her\nview that the 1951 Refugee Convention does recognize all previous refugee definitions as\ngiving rise to Convention status:\n\n\nAlthough eligibility under Article 1A(1) is retrospective, the fact that the Convention\nrecognizes all previous refugee definitions as giving rise to Convention status is\nsignificant, since they typically protected victims of armed conflict or communal\nviolence. The incorporation of these definitions necessarily broadens the Convention\u2019s\nconceptual basis of protection \u2026 [and] makes it more difficult to justify differential\ntreatment for persons seeking complementary protection on similar grounds. [47]\n\nIn contrast to McAdam\u2019s reliance on the preceding Conventions to read the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and recognize a broader category of refugees, the UNHCR Director of\n\n\n40 The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam provided a detailed legal basis for the harmonization of common asylum and\nimmigration policies among the EU member states. One of the four legal instruments that serves as a foundation\nfor the common European asylum system, the Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004, also known as\nthe Qualification Directive, sets out minimum standards for the qualification and status of third-country\nnationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection. This\nDirective is significant because it established the criteria and distinctive rights for Convention refugees and\nthose who qualify for subsidiary protection status.\n41 The UNHCR was deeply involved in the discussions on the creation of the European Union (EU) common\nresettlement programme: _See_ UNHCR 2009b\n42 European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) 2005\n43 The set of rights granted to refugee category and subsidiary protection category are different. It has\nimplications to resettled refugees but this topic is beyond the scope of the current paper.\n44 McAdam 2006\n45 Article 1A (1) extends the benefits of the 1951 Convention to any person who \u2018[h]as been considered a\nrefugee under the Arrangements of 12 May 1926 and 30 June 1928 or under the Conventions of 28 October\n1933 and 10 February 1938, the Protocol of 14 September 1939 or the Constitution of the International Refugee\nOrganization (1951 Refugee Convention)\u2019.\n46 Melander 2006 in McAdam 2006\n47 McAdam 2005\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "International Protection, T\u00fcrk interprets the 1951 Refugee Convention to be visionary and to\nhave an inherent potential for inclusivity:\n\n\nThe drafters of the 1951 Convention were visionary. For them the refugee notion based\non a well-founded fear of persecution was adequate to cover all those in need of\ninternational protection owing to a rupture with their country of origin. The definition\nwas meant to distinguish persons who could not safely return to or obtain the protection\nof their country because of the political situation there \u2013 refugees \u2013 from others who\ndid not require international protection. _There is no identification of any intention to_\n_single out a special class of refugees as more deserving of protection than others. The_\n_\u201cbroad definition\u201d adopted was understood to cover \u201call refugee\u201d._ For UNHCR, it\nhas always been understood that the refugee definition was meant to have an inclusive\nmeaning, rather than a restrictive one, in accordance with the fundamental objective of\nproviding international protection to all who need it. This background is important\nwhen discussing persons in need of international protection, including beneficiaries of\nsubsidiary protection. And it is against this background that we in UNHCR view our\nglobal responsibilities, including our supervisory role, which incidentally is not reduced\nto the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, but instead covers all conventions for the\nprotection of refugees, including, arguably, the EU asylum instruments. [48]\n\nMany of the resettlement countries' asylum adjudication must remain consistent with national\nand regional legislation derived from the 1951 Refugee Convention and refugee claims are\nsubjected to a double screening procedure by the UNHCR and country of resettlement during\nthe resettlement process. Under the current processing mechanisms, UNHCR recognized\nrefugees may be granted different status by the different authorities involved in the\nresettlement process. Refugee applicant identified for resettlement may not be found eligible\nfor the Convention refugee status in the eyes of resettlement countries, even though the\nUNHCR have confirmed the eligibility under the 1951 Refugee Convention. Similarly,\nrefugees accorded the 1951 Refugee Convention status by their countries of asylum may not\nbe granted the same status by their countries of resettlement. Refugees who fled generalized\nviolence may be determined to simultaneously meet the 1951 Convention grounds by the\nUNHCR, but they may not be accorded the same status when resettled; they may be granted\nsubsidiary protection instead.\n\n_Controlling resettlement admission_\n\nMost of the European resettlement countries exercise their discretionary power to place\nselection criteria in addition to the refugee applicants\u2019 refugee status. These additional\nselection criteria are guided by the countries\u2019 domestic interests and desire to manage\nresettlement. On the one hand, resettlement countries apply humanitarian considerations in\ncertain cases (such as family ties, vulnerable women), just as they do in domestic asylum\nsituations. In some instances, resettlement countries express preferences in accepting women\nand girls at risk, refugees with acute protection needs and medical needs.\n\nOn the other hand, nationality, family size, educational background, work experiences, and\nhealth status of refugees are often applied as preconditions. Countries such as Denmark and\nthe Netherlands expressively make reference to integration prospects (language skills,\n\n\n48 UNHCR 2009a\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "education background, work experience, family situation, network, age, and motivation) as an\nimportant element of admission considerations. Many other countries also consider these\nelements when assessing resettlement cases.\n\nResettlement countries are thus able to manage the profiles of in-coming refugees through\nresettlement. Non prejudicial requirements are reflective of the countries\u2019 migration policies.\nLogistical limitations such as available housing in resettlement countries also necessitate\nspecific requirements. This is an area in resettlement where the humanitarian and protection\nfunctions are obscured in the absence of a governing legal framework.\n\nIt in fact is a challenge associated with resettlement that the protection and other special\nneeds, which are the basis of the identification of resettlement applicants to be prioritized by\nthe UNHCR over millions of others, are not the legal basis for the resettlement countries to\naccept applicants for resettlement. An applicant who is identified by the UNHCR to have\ncompelling resettlement needs may be declined for resettlement when he or she fails to meet\nthe refugee admission criteria of the resettlement country. [49] The most appalling scenario is\nthat the refugee applicant is denied resettlement admission owing to non-prejudicial reasons.\nIf the resettlement process operates without shared legal standards, the opportunity for the\nUNHCR refugees whom the UNHCR has confirmed their needs to achieve this durable\nsolution could be jeopardised.\n\nThe rejection of a resettlement application based on refugee status, which the UNHCR has\nendorsed to meet the 1951 Refugee Convention standards, implies that the country does not\nshare the same interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention as the UNHCR. In other cases,\nrefugees may be found inadmissible for non-prejudicial reasons such as lacking integration\nprospects. [50] The former issue challenges the UNHCR\u2019s \u2018supervisory role\u2019 [51] and the latter\nquestions whether the humanitarian features of resettlement admission are respected above\ndomestic migration-led interests. This disjuncture may sometimes be overlooked, partially\nbecause resettlement does provide a durable solution to tens of thousands of refugees.\n\n**Areas for future research**\n\nIt has been validated in this paper that the UNHCR resettlement is a tool for achieving the\nvalues enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention. The definition and functions of the\nUNHCR resettlement have roots in legal instruments and the UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate.\nHowever, the very refugee eligibility criteria or the boundaries of international protection are\nsubject to interpretation and continuous debate. The definition of a refugee and the\nresettlement countries\u2019 obligations to accept \u2018all refugees\u2019 are rooted in the broader debate on\nthe scope of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Resettlement countries select from among the\nrefugee applicants chosen by the UNHCR for resettlement and some of their selection criteria\nappear arbitrary in view of the international protection doctrine.\n\nIn order for the UNHCR resettlement to achieve full functionality as a protection tool, a\npertinent topic of research for the UNHCR will be the legal aspects of resettlement, which\nhas seemingly been insufficient or absent. Based on the foregoing arguments in this paper,\ntwo areas are identified to merit further investigation:\n\n49 It also includes national security concerns.\n50 Resettlement countries also reject resettlement applications for national security reasons.\n51 T\u00fcrk 2001, 2002\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The UNHCR and the States jointly adopted the Agenda for Protection, which Goal 1\nObjective 6 and 7 testify to the UNHCR\u2019s attempts to harmonise the interpretation of the\n1951 Convention with the relevant developments in refugee law. Efforts must continue to\nachieve conceptual and practical equality for all refugees and whose resettlement the\nUNHCR supports. In the context of in land asylum, T\u00fcrk has recommended the \u2018UNHCR\u2019s\nactive and meaningful involvement in regional harmonisation efforts\u2019 as \u2018an important way to\nresolve differences of interpretation on disputed concepts\u2019. [52] The UNHCR resettlement is a\nglobal enterprise which refugees are resettled far beyond regional boundaries. In the context\nof resettlement, harmonization efforts will include bridging the scopes of regional legal\ninstruments. [53] A closer evaluation of resettlement cases with a focus on refugee status in the\ncountry of asylum and in the country of resettlement would provide valuable insights into the\ndiverse application of international protection doctrine.\n\nAnother area for future research is domestic legislation on resettlement. [54] A comparative\nanalysis on resettlement practices between the resettlement countries who have domestic\nlegislation on resettlement and those countries who do not will provide insights in to the\ncorrelation between the domestic legislation and the protection value of resettlement. [55] A\nclose examination of domestic legislations governing resettlement would reveal its\nrelationships with the respective country\u2019s migration policies.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nIt has been pointed out that resettlement has no clear definition and it lacks clear legal support\nand it has often been \u2018manipulated\u2019 in the best interests of the States. This paper proves that\nresettlement does have legal foundations but the application of the very legal instrument is\nsubject to various interpretations.\n\nThis paper proved that each step in the resettlement process has foundations in a legal\nframework. The identification of refugees for resettlement is guided by the protection\nmandate of the UNHCR and the 1951 Refugee Convention. A close examination of the\nUNHCR resettlement categories have revealed that resettlement is a tool for the better\nrealization of the rights enshrined in the Convention, some of which are fundamental (e.g.,\nArticle 33). Providing assistance to facilitate the transfer of refugees for resettlement is a\nstatutory responsibility of the UNHCR and an obligation of the contracting States. Finally,\nproviding a durable solution for refugees is an obligation that is expressed in Article 34 of the\n1951 Refugee Convention which has even more significance for protracted refugees who\nhave endured refugee status for a long period. The role that resettlement countries play by\noffering a durable resident permit with an associated favourable set of rights to resettled\nrefugees is a significant step forward toward fulfilling this article, and this is where the\nsignificance of international responsibility sharing function of resettlement lies. Resettlement,\ntherefore, is a tool for achieving the values enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention.\n\n\n52 T\u00fcrk 2001\n53 A tangible example is a comparison of OAU convention and European convention\n54 Some countries such as Denmark and Ireland have specific laws that provide legal basis for their resettlement\nprogrammes but some others do not.\n55 See for example, Perrin and Mcnamara 2012\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It has long been the case that when States have agreed to admit refugees through resettlement,\nthere is \u2018no evidence that whatever openness they have shown \u2013 often partial, and usually\nhighly conditional \u2013 has been influenced by a sense of legal obligation (rather than, for\nexample, by political or economical calculus, social or cultural affiliation, or a sense of moral\nresponsibility).\u2019 [56]\n\nThis paper identified first that achieving a shared definition of who is a refugee among the\nUNHCR, country of first asylum and resettlement countries is identified as a challenge in\nsome cases compromising the protection function of resettlement, although it is an integral\ncomponent of the UNHCR resettlement. The resettlement process occasionally reveals\ndiverse application of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Refugees accorded 1951 Convention\nstatus by their countries of first asylum or 1951 Convention status which the UNHCR has\nendorsed may be denied the status [57] or they may be granted subsidiary protection instead.\n\nThis is a matter of concern, as it implies diverse interpretations of the 1951 Convention and it\nresults in different sets of rights being accorded to refugees in a hierarchical protection\nstructure. In this scenario, what hinders resettlement to achieve full protection function is the\nlack of legal basis for countries to consider the UNHCR\u2019s supervisory role within the context\nof the States\u2019 obligation to the 1951 Refugee Convention. [58] The resettlement countries also\nemploy immigration-oriented discriminatory criteria to manage the profiles of in-coming\nrefugees through resettlement. It is a practice rooted in their domestic interests which could\nalso compromise the protection function or resettlement.\n\n\n56 [Hathaway 2010: 503- 536](http://ulrls.summon.serialssolutions.com/search?s.dym=false&s.q=Author%3A%22Hathaway%2C+James+C%22)\n57 In this case, the refugee\u2019s resettlement application is rejected by the country of resettlement and the UNHCR\nwill need to find another country to re-submit the case.\n58 T\u00fcrk (2002:6) points out within the context of UNHCR protection mandate in general that \u2018[t]he dichotomy\nbetween the UNHCR responsibilities on the one hand and limited obligations formally accepted by certain states\non the other remains a major challenge\u2026.UNHCR\u2019s supervisory role and corresponding state obligations could\nbe activated as a legal basis to address precisely the protection needs of those categories of persons who are in\nneed of international protection, but, at present, not within the application of the international legal framework\nof refugee protection\u2019. The paper points out that the above specified dichotomy exists between the UNHCR and\ncountries of resettlement in the resettlement context.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06a3717c-0b82-3c20-8ae7-0d604a51aa75/Clarifying%20UNHCR%20Resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_3/raw/doc_3_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_3/raw/doc_3_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f43e35d1fd5010e7d9c161e9326327bef564af73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_3/raw/doc_3_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\n\n#### **\u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb** **2021**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u0417\u041c\u0406\u0421\u0422\n\n##### \u0417\u041c\u0406\u0421\u0422 ........................................................................................................................ 2 \u0412\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f ........................................................................................................................ 3 I. \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u0420\u0415\u0417\u0423\u041b\u042c\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u041e\u0421\u041b\u0406\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f ........................................................ 4 A. 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u0412\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f\n\n\n##### \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430\n\n\n##### \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 (\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438) 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\u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043d\u0456-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0456 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (UNHCR) \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0456 2020 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0423\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0457\u0445\n\n\n##### \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0456.\n\n\n##### \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\n\n##### \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456. \u041c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 (\u0412\u041f\u041e), \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442, \u0442\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0456, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u2019\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0437 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0456\n\n\n##### \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456.\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### I. \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u0420\u0415\u0417\u0423\u041b\u042c\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u041e\u0421\u041b\u0406\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\n#### A. \u0425\u0410\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410 \u0416\u0418\u0422\u041b\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0407 \u0421\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0407\n\n\n\n\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e 826 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 325\n\n\n\n\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 501 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0439\n\n\n\n\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0456\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445.\n\n\n##### \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\n\n\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0417\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 100 200 300 400\n\n\u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\n\n\n\n\u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\n\n\n\n\u0443\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0443 12% (38) \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\n\n\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 5% (23) \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0438.\n\n\u0429\u043e\u0434\u043e 16% (134) \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e\n\n\n\n\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\n\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e: 145 \u2013 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, 46 - \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e. 29 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436\n\n\n\n\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u2013 10.\n\n\n##### \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e...\n\n\n\n700\n\n600\n\n500\n\n400\n\n300\n\n200\n\n100\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n1 \u0440\u0430\u0437 2 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 3 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 - 4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432\n\n\n\n\u0411\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0432 2014 \u2013 2015\n\n\n\n\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0417 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0433 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a\n\n\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u2019\u044e \u0432 2020 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e. \u042f\u043a\n\n\n\n\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e.\n\n\n##### \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\n\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\n\n\n\n0 100 200 300 400\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0422\u0456 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f 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\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\n\n\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443.\n##### \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u041d\u041f, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\n\n\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0457\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### B. \u041d\u0410\u041c\u0406\u0420\u0418 \u0423\u0427\u0410\u0421\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0406\u0412 \u0422\u0410 \u0419\u041c\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0420\u041d\u0406 \u041e\u0411\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0423\u0427\u0410\u0421\u0422\u0406\n\n\n\n\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0443 546 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 (66.1%) \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\n\n\n\n\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0432 243 (29.4%) \u2013 \u043d\u0456, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0432 37 (4.5%) \u2013 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\n\n\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\n\n\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0417 325 \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\n\n\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e 76.3% \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u2013\n\n\u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e 18.5%. \u0423 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 59.5% \u0442\u0430\n\n\n\n36.5%.\n\n\n\n\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\n\n\n\n\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e (161 \u0447\u0438 66%). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u043e\u044e \u0443\n\n\u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0456 \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432: 64.5% \u0442\u0430 71.7%. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\n\n\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u044e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0446\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\n\u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 (15% \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 5%). \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430\n\n\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 (18% \u0442\u0430\n\n\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 17% \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 9% \u0442\u0430 6%). \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435\n\n\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 (16 \u0447\u0438 8.7% \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 1 \u0447\u0438 1.7%). \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 11% \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\n\u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\n\n\n\u0417\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443\n\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\n\n\n\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\n\n\n0 20 40 60 80 100 120\n\n\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\n\u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\n\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u044f\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u042f\u043a \u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### II. \u0412\u0418\u042f\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0406 \u0412\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0418 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u041d\u0418\n\n\n\n\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c 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\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\n\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430\n\n\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0438. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0443\n\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a5702a7-e73d-34d3-b0ac-7c9a40e35123/01_2021_r2p_report_on_resolution_767_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_30/raw/doc_30_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_30/raw/doc_30_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b316931fa191373b9c61af82a653f16c391da694..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_30/raw/doc_30_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Thematic Report: A review of the civilian impact of recent hostilities in Ma\u2019rib\n\nApril 2021\n\n\nIn early February, having seen months of stalemated hostilities, the offensive in Ma\u2019rib resumed, with frontlines shifting eastbound\nalong the two main asphalted roads connecting Ma\u2019rib city with Sana\u2019a. The frontlines have progressed towards Ma\u2019rib city, with\nan increasingly significant impact on the civilian population. Amid the intensive fighting, civilian casualties and displacements\nhave been mounting, with several reports of artillery fire landing on and near IDP sites, while rockets and missiles continue to hit\nneighbourhoods in Ma'rib city and heavy airstrikes persist across the governorate. This report summarises recent Ma'rib conflict\ndevelopments and uses CIMP data to examine the direct impact this renewed fighting has had on civilians in Ma'rib.\n\n\nSince the start of 2021, CIMP has recorded 79 incidents of armed violence that have directly impacted civilians in Ma\u2019rib\ngovernorate, resulting in 74 civilian casualties, including 18 fatalities. Of these casualties, 40 were reported in March; the highest\ncivilian casualty count CIMP has recorded in one month in Ma'rib since the project commenced, at the start of 2018. Moreover,\nthe first quarter of 2021 has seen over half the civilian casualty count recorded throughout 2020.\n\n\nAs the lines of control closed in around the Ma\u2019rib dam reservoir, on the more southerly of the two roads connecting Ma'rib city\nwith Sana'a, hostilities became concentrated around Al-Talat Al-Hamra and Jabal Balaq, to the north of the dam. Limited\nhostilities were also reported on the south western shores of the reservoir. On the more northerly route, leading from Jawf\njunction to Ma\u2019rib city, hostilities have been focused around Al-Kasarah and Mashjah areas, and the overlooking high ground,\nparticularly in the vicinity of Jabal Haylan, just south of the route. To the north of the route, fighting has also reportedly reached\nWadi Nakhla and the surrounding heights. The frontlines continue to see daily hostilities, with intermittent advances and\ncounterattacks, as key territory continues to switch between the two sides, accompanied by a heavy rate of airstrikes. Intermittent\nhostilities have also persisted in the south of the governorate, although at a lesser intensity than on the frontlines to the west of\nMa\u2019rib city. Nonetheless, the hostilities remain concentrated around the main supply route leading northbound to Ma\u2019rib city,\nincluding around Al-Abdiyah and Rahabah districts, and on the borders of Jabal Murad district, likely resulting in ongoing\nimplications for access along the route.\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc436de0-3c3f-39d5-841b-deb4e53f991a/20210420_CIMP%20Thematic%2006_Marib.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Numerous IDP sites are situated around Ma\u2019rib city, and the city itself has a high IDP presence. Reports have suggested that\nviolence has spread into and around IDP sites, with the risk to IDPs compounded by unconfirmed reports of authorities restricting\nthe movement of IDPs away from these areas, as well as reports of military forces establishing positions within IDP sites. CIMP\nhas recorded nine incidents of IDP sites being directly impacted by armed violence in Ma\u2019rib so far this year, affecting at least\nseven different sites, some more than once. All IDP sites impacted are in Sirwah, and all have been affected since 15 February,\ncorresponding with the escalation of the fighting in the governorate. A map of the sites impacted is shown on Page 1. Six IDP\nsites have been impacted by shelling, and two by airstrikes, cumulatively displacing as many as 1,980 households. This is a\nsignificant increase from 2020, when one IDP site had been impacted by shellfire in the governorate, in As Safra area in\nMedghal, in November, injuring a child.\n\n\nWhen IDP sites in Sirwah were first impacted by frontline hostilities in late February and early March, no civilian casualties were\nreported, but there were reports of livestock being killed in some incidents, likely disrupting a critical source of sustenance and\nlivelihood for local families. It is highly likely that many of the families inhabiting the IDP sites had previously fled in the face of\nfast-approaching hostilities, which may explain the absence of civilian casualties. IDP sites in the Dhanah area (As Sawabin and\nWadi Hayyal) were impacted several times by both shelling and airstrikes, and Al-Mil camp has also now been impacted at least\ntwice, resulting in damage to tents, shelter materials and water tanks. Suwaydah camp has also been impacted by shellfire, on 3\nApril, although no casualties were reported. However, in March, civilian casualties on IDP sites increased: 13 civilian casualties\nhave now been reported this year on account of shelling in Sirwah, 12 of whom were women, including one fatality, a pregnant\nwoman. Women and children constitute a large proportion of the IDP population in Yemen (around 80 percent), and are\nparticularly vulnerable when IDP camps are impacted, more-so because a large proportion of IDP households are headed by\nwomen and children.\n\n\n\n\n\n**In** **cident details:**\n\n\n**15 February:** An IDP camp was impacted by missiles in\nAz Zur.\n**16 February:** An IDP camp in Wadi Dhanah was\nimpacted by artillery shells.\n**2 March:** As Sawabin and Wadi Al-Hayyal IDP camps\nwere impacted by airstrikes in Wadi Dhanah, resulting in the\ndeath of livestock.\n**9 March:** As Sawabin IDP camp was impacted by artillery\nshells in Wadi Dhanah, killing livestock.\n**22 March:** Five women were injured when three IDP\nsites, Al-Mil, Al-Khair and Tawasul, were impacted by\nartillery fire, reportedly also damaging 27 tents and 18 water\ntanks.\n**28 March:** Six women and one man were injured when\nshelling impacted Al-Mil camp in Sirwah. One of the women,\nwho was reportedly pregnant, later died of her injuries.\n**30 March:** One woman was injured when missiles\nimpacted As Suwaydah IDP camp.\n**3 April:** As Sawabin IDP camp was impacted by artillery\nshells.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nForward Look\n\n\nDue to the high IDP population and multitude of IDP camps around Ma\u2019rib as hostilities continue, the risk to IDP sites is also\nlikely to persist, particularly those situated along main roads in the vicinity of the city. Should fighting progress towards Ma\u2019rib city,\nfears have been expressed about the increasing risk to civilians, as frontlines will move closer to more densely populated areas,\nespecially those to the west and northwest of the city.\n\n\nAs a result, many IDPs have relocated to other sites within Sirwah, contributing to the severe overcrowding in those IDP sites. If\nthese sites are forced to absorb more people, further pressure will be put on already scarce resources and facilities, increasing\nthe likelihood of the population adopting negative coping mechanisms. Additional concerns include the risk of fires and the\nspread of communicable diseases, especially during the rainy season. Similarly, IDP influx into Ma'rib city is likely to put\nincreasing strain on host communities with social and economic repercussions. Many IDPs in Yemen have already been\ndisplaced once if not on several occasions and remain particularly vulnerable, given they have limited resources and support\nmechanisms.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CIMP", - "confidence": 0.6096227169036865, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sirwah", - "confidence": 0.5080807209014893, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5233149528503418, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9010067582130432, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc436de0-3c3f-39d5-841b-deb4e53f991a/20210420_CIMP%20Thematic%2006_Marib.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Of the 74 civilian casualties reported in Ma\u2019rib governorate so far this year, 43 have been reported in Ma\u2019rib city, where the\nmajority of incidents impacting civilians have been on account of shellfire, including missiles and rocketry. Shelling incidents\nimpacting Ma'rib city this year have resulted in 39 civilian casualties. Moreover, as many as 32 houses in the city have been\nimpacted, putting women and children at particular risk, while also threatening further displacement. Throughout 2020, 22 missile\nand rocketry incidents were reported to have impacted civilians in Ma\u2019rib city, resulting in 40 civilian casualties. As of 14 April\n2021, this number has almost been matched, at 39.\n\n\n**Incident details**\n**7 February:** Three civilians were killed and three others were injured when missiles impacted the city.\n**1 March:** One civilian was killed and nine were injured when houses were impacted by shelling in Ar Rawdhah neighbourhood.\n**16 March:** A market in the city was impacted by shellfire, killing three civilians injuring another eight.\n**30 March:** One civilian was killed and five others were injured, including a 13-year-old child, when missiles impacted the city.\n**3 April:** One child was killed and another five children were injured when missiles impacted Ar Rawdah neighbourhood.\n\n\nShelling incidents impacting civilians in Ma'rib city Ma'rib city map\n\n**28**\n\n\n**2020** **2021**\n\n\nForward look\n\n\nMissile and rocket attacks on Ma\u2019rib city show no signs of abating, especially as frontlines reportedly remain within firing range of\nthe city. Although attacks are reported to be targeting military and security sites across the city, many of these are in close\nproximity to residential areas, putting civilians, notably, children and women, and the urban IDP population at continued risk. If\nshellfire on the city persists, a range of civilian services and infrastructure may also be impacted, especially on the outskirts of\nthe city, including health and education facilities, as well as critical water and electricity infrastructure, along with local\nbusinesses, threatening civilians' livelihoods and their access to essential services.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc436de0-3c3f-39d5-841b-deb4e53f991a/20210420_CIMP%20Thematic%2006_Marib.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IED incidents and remnant explosive ordnance\n\n\nOn 19 March, an IED incident was reported in southern Ma\u2019rib, where the historic Al-Ghazaziyah fort was demolished in\nRahabah district with improvised explosives. The incident was not reported to have resulted in any civilian casualties, but\nimpacted a significant historical and cultural monument, said to date back five hundred years. It appears this may be the first\ncultural heritage site destroyed on account of armed violence in Ma'rib since CIMP initiated its monitoring at the start of 2018.\n\n\nIED demolitions are often used as an intimidatory tactic by parties to the conflict, although houses are more commonly the target\nfor such incidents, often in punitive cases. The destruction of cultural and historic heritage sites is likely to hold a complex\npsychological impact for civilians. In 2020, there were two instances of houses being detonated by IEDs, and a school in Majzar\nwas also demolished in similar circumstances. There have yet to be any reports of houses being demolished with IEDs in Ma'rib\nthis year, but the risk is believed to remain, particularly should grievances arise between forces and the local population.\n\n\nAn IED explosion was reported in Ma'rib city on 31 January, when a number of civilians were allegedly killed and injured when\nan explosive device detonated at the Bin Abbud qat market in the city. Although no further details around the incident were\nreported, it is reflective of the heightened levels of insecurity that have permeated civilian residential and commercial areas\naround Ma\u2019rib city, posing an ever-present threat to the city\u2019s inhabitants.\n\n\nAlthough a lesser threat when compared to shelling and airstrikes, landmines also remain a threat to civilians in Ma\u2019rib; three\nlandmine incidents have reportedly impacted civilians in the governorate since the start of the year, resulting in five civilian\ncasualties. In January, one civilian was killed and another injured in Ma\u2019rib district; the following month, a 50-year-old woman\nwas killed in a landmine explosion in Majzar, and two children were injured when a landmine detonated in Rahabah.\n\n\nForward Look\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe recent uptick in hostilities has resulted in increasing civilian casualties, and a rise in displacement as houses and IDP sites\nare repeatedly impacted, with a notable peak in March. Clashes on the ground and airstrikes are highly likely to continue,\npresenting a sustained threat to civilian settlements, including IDP sites. Should hostilities encroach upon Ma'rib city, the risk of\nimpact to the civilian population will rise, including to critical civilian infrastructure and services.\n\n\nAccess around the governorate will also remain heavily dependent on conflict dynamics. Movement along the main supply\nroutes to the west, south and northwest of the city is highly likely to remain restricted amid the ongoing hostilities, which are\nlargely concentrated around these routes. These restrictions may impinge on civilians' ability to access essential goods and\nservices, while possibly also hindering the safe passage of those attempting to flee from conflict areas. Conflict-related access\nrestrictions may also impact the capacity of humanitarian partners to reach those in need. Access on the routes to the north of\nthe city is also likely limited, although these are minor routes, passing predominantly through desert areas.\n\n\nAccess restrictions in the governorate are likely to be further compounded by the presence of landmines and other remnant\nexplosive ordnance, in both active and dormant frontline areas. In what is reportedly a highly contaminated governorate, the\nrainy season brings the heightened possibility of landmine drift, and further hostilities risk displacing people into areas where the\nlandmine threat is unknown, increasing the risk of injury from remnant explosive ordnance, to which IDPs are most vulnerable.\n\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project is a service under the Protection Cluster for the\n\ncollection, analysis and dissemination of open source data on the civilian impact from\n\narmed violence in Yemen, to inform and complement protection programming.\n\nFor more information, please visit\nwww.civilianimpactmonitoring.org\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc436de0-3c3f-39d5-841b-deb4e53f991a/20210420_CIMP%20Thematic%2006_Marib.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_300/raw/doc_300_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_300/raw/doc_300_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index afc5cddfd5d8fd76be32a068a934a335b62c73cd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_300/raw/doc_300_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "###### OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023\n\n**wwww.sheltercluster.org/venezuela.sheltercluster.org/venezuela**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "~~**LISTA DE ACR\u00d3NIMOS**~~ ~~**\u00cdNDICE**~~\n\n\n\n**AAP** Rendici\u00f3n de cuentas a las\npoblaciones afectadas\n\n\n**AGD** Edad, g\u00e9nero y diversidad\n\n\n**CCCM** _Camp Coordination and Camp_\n_Management_\n\n\n**CCPM** Monitoreo del rendimiento de la\ncoordinaci\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster\n\n\n**COPREDIG** Comision Presidencial de Refugios\ndignos\n\n\n**EAT** Espacio de alojamiento temporal\n\n\n**GBV** Violencia basada en G\u00e9nero\n\n\n**GSC** _Global Shelter Cluster_\n\n\n**HCT** Equipo Humanitario de Pa\u00eds\n\n\n**HNO** Panorama de necesidades\n\n\n**HRP** Plan de Respuesta\n\n\n**IASC** _Inter-Agency Standing Committee_\n\n\n\n**ICCG** _Inter-Cluster Coordination Group_\n\n\n**OCHA** Oficina de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos\nHumanitarios\n\n\n**PASI** Punto de Atenci\u00f3n Social Integral\n\n\n**RHU** Unidad modular de alojamiento\n\n\n**SAG** Grupo Consultivo Estrat\u00e9gico\n\n\n**UNHCR** Alto Comisionado de las Naciones\nUnidas para los Refugiados\n\n\n\nMensaje de la Agencia l\u00edder del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres...........................5\n\nCoordinando la Respuesta Humanitaria de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres...........................7\n\nEvaluaci\u00f3n del desempe\u00f1o de la coordinaci\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster, CCPM.....................................10\n\nPlan de Respuesta Humanitaria 2022-2023.......................................................................13\n\nEstrategia del Cl\u00faster y \u00e1reas de respuesta.......................................................................14\n\nMonitoreo del Plan de Respuesta........................................................................................16\n\nRespuestas exitosas 2023.................................................................................................19\n\nTECHO Venezuela...............................................................................................20\n\nFundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular ..................................................................................22\n\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, ACNUR.......................24\n\nFundacion Voces libres........................................................................................ 26\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) ..............................................28\n\nAsociaci\u00f3n Civil Construyendo Futuros..............................................................................30\n\nFinanciamiento.................................................................................................................32\n\nRetos y desaf\u00edos para el 2024...........................................................................................34\n\nAgradecimientos.........................................................................................................36\n\nCr\u00e9ditos fotogr\u00e1ficos...................................................................................................................38\n\n\n\nDocumento actualizado el 1 de febrero de 2024\n\n**2** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Mensaje desde la Agencia L\u00edder del** **Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y** **Enseres**\n\n\n\n**Es** **un** **honor** **dirigirme** **a** **ustedes** **como**\n**representante de la Agencia l\u00edder del Cl\u00faster de**\n**Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres, para compartir**\n**los logros y desaf\u00edos que hemos enfrentado**\n**durante el a\u00f1o 2023. En un periodo marcado por**\n**retos signifcativos y recursos limitados, nuestro**\n**compromiso con la mejora de las condiciones**\n**de vida de las comunidades m\u00e1s vulnerables en**\n**Venezuela ha sido inquebrantable.**\n\n\n**Hemos trabajado incansablemente para fortalecer**\n**la coordinaci\u00f3n con nuestros socios y colaborar**\n**estrechamente con el Gobierno de Venezuela,**\n**especialmente con el Ministerio del Poder Popular**\n**para la Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y el Viceministerio de**\n**Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgos y Protecci\u00f3n Civil. En este**\n**contexto, la actualizaci\u00f3n del Plan de Respuesta**\n**Humanitario 2023 ha sido esencial para establecer**\n**un marco s\u00f3lido que gu\u00eda las intervenciones de**\n**nuestras 42 organizaciones socias a lo largo de**\n**26 proyectos.**\n\n\n**Destaco con orgullo la organizaci\u00f3n de la**\n**\u201cSemana de la Energ\u00eda 2023\u201d y la creaci\u00f3n de**\n**kits de enseres b\u00e1sicos estandarizados, acciones**\n**que han contribuido signifcativamente a la mejora**\n**de las condiciones de vida de las comunidades**\n**afectadas. Asimismo, la activaci\u00f3n de cl\u00fasteres**\n**subnacionales en Amazonas, Apure y Barinas**\n**demuestra nuestro compromiso con la efcacia y**\n**la prevenci\u00f3n de duplicidad de esfuerzos.**\n**Nuestros** **proyectos** **espec\u00edfcos,** **como** **la**\n**instalaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda solar en comunidades**\n**ind\u00edgenas y la refacci\u00f3n de escuelas en el estado**\n**Miranda, as\u00ed como los proyectos presentados en**\n**este reporte son testimonios tangibles de nuestra**\n**misi\u00f3n de marcar una diferencia positiva en la vida**\n**de quienes m\u00e1s lo necesitan.**\n\n\n**Si bien celebramos los logros alcanzados en**\n**2023, somos conscientes de los desaf\u00edos que a\u00fan**\n**enfrentamos. Mirando hacia el futuro, en 2024 nos**\n**enfocaremos en fortalecer nuestras acciones en**\n**energ\u00eda, mejorar la capacitaci\u00f3n para responder**\n**a emergencias y abordar las necesidades**\n**espec\u00edfcas de retorno y reintegraci\u00f3n. La**\n**colaboraci\u00f3n intersectorial y la sostenibilidad**\n**ser\u00e1n clave para enfrentar estos desaf\u00edos.**\n\n\n\n**Agradezco sinceramente el arduo trabajo y la**\n**dedicaci\u00f3n de todos ustedes, nuestros valiosos**\n**socios** **y** **colaboradores.** **Juntos,** **seguimos**\n**comprometidos con la misi\u00f3n humanitaria de**\n**brindar apoyo y esperanza a aquellos que**\n**enfrentan situaciones dif\u00edciles en Venezuela.**\n**Sigamos trabajando unidos para construir un**\n**futuro m\u00e1s digno y resiliente.**\n\n\n**Con gratitud,**\n\n\n**Enrique Vall\u00e9s-Ramos**\n\n\n**Representante**\n**Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para**\n**los Refugiados, (ACNUR), L\u00edder del Cl\u00faster de**\n**Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres.**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Coordinando la respuesta Humanitaria** **de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres**\n\n\n\nEn 2023, el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda\ny Enseres focaliz\u00f3 sus actividades en el\nfortalecimiento de las capacidades de sus socios y\nen estrechar lazos con el Gobierno de Venezuela,\nespecialmente con el Ministerio del Poder Popular\npara la Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y el Viceministerio de\nGesti\u00f3n de Riesgos y Protecci\u00f3n Civil.\n\n\nDurante marzo, la actualizaci\u00f3n del Plan de\nRespuesta Humanitaria 2023 fue publicada\nestableciendo el marco de planificaci\u00f3n para las\nintervenciones del sector de 31 organizaciones\nsocias a trav\u00e9s de 38 proyectos para mejorar el\nacceso a alojamiento seguro y digno, fuentes de\nenerg\u00eda y a enseres b\u00e1sicos.\n\n\nComo parte del proceso de la \u201cEvaluaci\u00f3n del\ndesempe\u00f1o de la coordinaci\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster\u201d\n(CCPM, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), se determinaron\nacciones concretas en conjunto con los socios\ny los cl\u00fasteres subnacionales para fortalecer\nprincipalmente las funciones relacionadas con\ndesarrollar y reforzar la capacidad nacional en\nmedidas de preparaci\u00f3n y planes de contingencia,\ny con contribuir a un plan de incidencia s\u00f3lido.\n\n\nDentro de las actividades destaca la organizaci\u00f3n\nde la \u201cSemana de la Energ\u00eda 2023\u201d, donde se\nrealizaron talleres sobre energ\u00eda solar fotovoltaica\ny bombeo solar, y a manera de clausura se\nrealiz\u00f3 la primera edici\u00f3n del \u201cForo Semana de\nla Energ\u00eda\u201d. Durante este evento, participantes\nde organizaciones humanitarias, sector privado\ne instituciones del sector p\u00fablico compartieron\nproyectos, experiencias y buenas pr\u00e1cticas que\nhan generado soluciones en materia de energ\u00eda\nen Venezuela.\n\n\nSe conform\u00f3 un _Task Force_ para la revisi\u00f3n\ny optimizaci\u00f3n de los kits de enseres b\u00e1sicos\ncomo consecuencia de cambios en el contexto\nhumanitario y dada la experiencia de las\norganizaciones socias en la distribuci\u00f3n de\nenseres b\u00e1sicos desde 2019. Como resultado,\nse desarroll\u00f3 una nueva edici\u00f3n del cat\u00e1logo con\ndos kits b\u00e1sicos estandarizados: kit de h\u00e1bitat o\ndom\u00e9stico y kit de movilidad. Este producto se\ndesarroll\u00f3 en coordinaci\u00f3n con los Cl\u00fasteres de\nAgua, Saneamiento e Higiene y el AdR de Violencia\nBasada en G\u00e9nero del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nDado que la escasez de recursos se identific\u00f3\ncomo una de las principales dificultades entre\nlos socios se llev\u00f3 a cabo el primer conversatorio\n\nsobre fnanciamiento humanitario.\n\n\nEste evento proporcion\u00f3 un espacio para que las\norganizaciones compartieran sus experiencias con\ndiversas opciones y fuentes de financiamiento. Un\npanel compuesto por tres ONG nacionales, una\nAgencia de la ONU, una ONG internacional y un\ndonante compartieron valiosos aprendizajes y\nrecomendaciones con los dem\u00e1s colaboradores.\n\n\nBajo un enfoque intersectorial las capacidades\nt\u00e9cnicas de los socios se vieron fortalecidas a\ntrav\u00e9s de talleres relacionados con la Protecci\u00f3n\nde Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes (NNA) y la\ncentralidad de la protecci\u00f3n en la respuesta\nhumanitaria. Estas capacitaciones fueron clave\npara integrar acciones de protecci\u00f3n en las\nintervenciones del sector.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, la Gu\u00eda para espacios de\nalojamiento temporal para v\u00edctimas de trata\nen Venezuela fue publicada como parte de un\nesfuerzo conjunto entre el Cl\u00faster y el Grupo de\nTrabajo para la prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta a la Trata\nde Personas (GTTdP) del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n.\nEste documento proporciona lineamientos\nque permiten establecer y fortalecer espacios\ndonde las v\u00edctimas de trata se sientan seguras\ny protegidas de acuerdo con est\u00e1ndares y\nnormativas nacionales e internacionales.\n\n\nAcceso para el documento : Gu\u00eda para\nespacios de alojamiento temporal para\n\nv\u00edctimas de trata en Venezuela\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El Grupo Consultivo Estrat\u00e9gico (SAG, por sus\nsiglas en ingl\u00e9s) ampli\u00f3 su composici\u00f3n para\ngenerar mayor representaci\u00f3n de las ONG que\nparticipan en el Cl\u00faster. De esta manera, tanto\nONG nacionales, internacionales y Agencias ONU\nposeen dos membres\u00edas dentro de \u00f3rgano decisor.\nOficialmente, se activaron los cl\u00fasteres\nsubnacionales en los estados Amazonas, Apure\ny Barinas. El objetivo principal de estos espacios\nde coordinaci\u00f3n es atender las necesidades de la\npoblaci\u00f3n vulnerable mediante el fortalecimiento\nde las capacidades de los socios, la promoci\u00f3n\nde sinergias y evitar duplicidad de esfuerzos y\nacciones.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster trabaj\u00f3 junto a CRAterre en la segunda\nfase del Task Force sobre pr\u00e1cticas constructivas\nlocales en Venezuela. Durante esta etapa se gener\u00f3\nuna metodolog\u00eda piloto para la difusi\u00f3n y promoci\u00f3n\nde las pr\u00e1cticas con comunidades. Adem\u00e1s, se\norganiz\u00f3 el foro \u201cT\u00e9cnicas constructivas para un\nh\u00e1bitat sostenible y resiliente\u201d donde participaron\nm\u00e1s de 130 personas de organizaciones\nhumanitarias, academia e instituciones de\nrespuesta a emergencias para promover alianzas y\ntrabajo conjunto en torno al h\u00e1bitat.\n\n\n\nEn coordinaci\u00f3n con el Viceministerio de Gesti\u00f3n\nde Riesgos y Protecci\u00f3n Civil y el ACNUR como\nAgencia L\u00edder del Cl\u00faster, se capacit\u00f3 a 124\nfuncionarios de Protecci\u00f3n Civil y Bomberos a nivel\nnacional sobre est\u00e1ndares m\u00ednimos de alojamiento\ndel Manual Esfera, Evaluaci\u00f3n de Da\u00f1os y\nAn\u00e1lisis de Necesidades (EDAN) y protecci\u00f3n en\nemergencias y en alojamientos temporales. El\nfortalecimiento de estas instituciones increment\u00f3\nla capacidad de preparaci\u00f3n para situaciones de\nemergencia y respuesta ante desastres.\n\n\nAcceso para el documento : Pr\u00e1cticas constructivas\n\nlocales en Venezuela.\n\n\n\n1 Los t\u00e9rminos de referencia del Grupo Estrat\u00e9gico Coonsultivo se encuentran disponibles en el sitio web del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres en Venezuela.\nPueden accederse a trav\u00e9s de este enlace: https://www.sheltercluster.org/venezuela/documents/terminos-de-referencia-grupo-consultivo-estrategico-sag\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **La Evaluaci\u00f3n del** **Desempe\u00f1o de la** **Coordinaci\u00f3n del** **Cl\u00faster, CCPM**\n\nLa Evaluaci\u00f3n del Desempe\u00f1o de la Coordinaci\u00f3n\ndel Cl\u00faster (CCPM, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), es\nun ejercicio anual de autoevaluaci\u00f3n del sector\nbasado en las seis funciones b\u00e1sicas del Cl\u00faster\ny la rendici\u00f3n de cuentas ante las poblaciones\nafectadas.\n\n\nSiguiendo los lineamientos del Cl\u00faster Global,\neste ejercicio se plantea como la oportunidad\npara deliberar de manera colectiva sobre\nel funcionamiento del cl\u00faster, no como una\nevaluaci\u00f3n del equipo de coordinaci\u00f3n, ni de las\norganizaciones socias, donantes, autoridades y\notros actores clave.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster AEE en Venezuela, ha realizado\nesta evaluaci\u00f3n desde el a\u00f1o 2020 generando\ndiscusiones dentro del sector que han derivado en\nla identificaci\u00f3n de \u00e1reas de funcionamiento que\nnecesitan ser reforzadas y posteriormente en la\ncreaci\u00f3n de un plan de acci\u00f3n anual con acciones\nconcretas.\n\n\n\nDurante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, el plan de acci\u00f3n se\nha caracterizado no s\u00f3lo por involucrar al equipo\nde coordinaci\u00f3n nacional y subnacional, sino por\nincorporar a los socios que forman parte del Grupo\nConsultivo Estrat\u00e9gico (SAG, por sus siglas en\ningl\u00e9s) promoviendo el sentido de apropiaci\u00f3n de\norganizaciones locales e internacionales con el\nsector y su funcionamiento.\n\n\nPara la evaluaci\u00f3n de 2023, se registr\u00f3 un\naumento del 22% en la participaci\u00f3n con respecto\nal a\u00f1o anterior, lo que demuestra un compromiso\npor parte de los socios y actores clave con la\nmejora continua del foro de coordinaci\u00f3n. De estos\nresultados, el 70% corresponde a respuestas de\nlos socios y 30% al equipo de coordinaci\u00f3n. El\n43% de los datos proviene de organizaciones\nque participan a nivel subnacional, siendo la cifra\nporcentual m\u00e1s alta de participaci\u00f3n en terreno\ndesde 2020.\n\n\nSin duda, el CCPM ha generado una oportunidad\npara demostrar transparencia ante los socios y\npromover de manera grupal la mejora del espacio\nde coordinaci\u00f3n. A continuaci\u00f3n, podr\u00e1n detallar\nlos resultados espec\u00edficos para 2023 y una gr\u00e1fica\ncon la evoluci\u00f3n del desempe\u00f1o de cada funci\u00f3n\nespec\u00edfica del Cl\u00faster desde 2020.\n\n\n\n**10** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria** **2022 - 2023**\n\n\n\nPosterior a la visita al pa\u00eds de Martin Griffith,\nSecretario General Adjunto de Asuntos\nHumanitarios y Coordinador del Socorro de\nEmergencia, el Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria\n2022-2023 (HRP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) fue\npublicado en agosto con la premisa de establecer\nun marco de planificaci\u00f3n bianual.\n\n\nEspec\u00edficamente, para el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres, 26 organizaciones socias\nplanificaron alcanzar a m\u00e1s de 346.000 personas\nde manera directa y a m\u00e1s de 1.500.000 personas\nindirectamente (a trav\u00e9s de intervenciones en\nespacios comunitarios e instituciones que prestan\nservicios esenciales a la poblaci\u00f3n). Para llevar a\ncabo estas acciones los socios requirieron de US$\n53.9 millones.\n\n\nSe planificaron actividades para ser desarrolladas\nen **17 estados del pa\u00eds,** principalmente en\nAmazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Delta Amacuro, Falc\u00f3n,\nMiranda, Sucre y Zulia.\n\n\nLa mayor parte de las acciones del sector de\nAlojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres se enfocaron en\ncontribuir al objetivo estrat\u00e9gico 2 del Plan de\nRespuesta: disminuir la vulnerabilidad y fortalecer\nlas capacidades de recuperaci\u00f3n y la resiliencia\nde las personas priorizadas por grupo de edad,\ng\u00e9nero y diversidad.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos generales, la respuesta descrita del\nSector de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres estuvo\norientada a contribuir a tres objetivos:\n\n\n\n**El objetivo 1.1. del HRP** enfocado en reducir la\nvulnerabilidad de las personas afectadas frente a\nriesgos de mortalidad y morbilidad, mejorando el\nacceso a bienes y servicios esenciales de salud.\n\n\n**El objetivo 2.2 del HRP,** que constribuye a brindar\nun acceso equitativo y continuo a los bienes y\nservicios esenciales, donde se incluye los temas\nde electricidad, fuentes alternativas de energ\u00eda\ny espacios de alojamiento temporal, salud y\neducaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**El objetivo 2.3 del HRP,** orientado a fortalecer las\ncapacidades institucionales y comunitarias para\nprevenir, mitigar y responder a eventos adversos\nde origen natural o antr\u00f3pico.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**14** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Monitoreo del Plan de Respuesta**\n\n\n\nEn 2023, las acciones del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres beneficiaron **840.576 personas**\nde las cuales 31.699 recibieron ayuda de manera\ndirecta. De estos \u00faltimos, 51% correspondieron\na mujeres, 17% a poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgenas, y 2% a\npersonas con discapacidad. La respuesta abarc\u00f3\nel Distrito Capital y 15 estados, de los cuales\nT\u00e1chira, Apure, Miranda y M\u00e9rida fueron los m\u00e1s\natentidos.\n\n\nCon respecto al **\u00e1rea** **de** **Alojamiento,**\nse realizaron **112** obras. Ellas incluyeron\nconstrucciones y rehabilitaciones en **33** espacios\ny centros comunitarios, **17** centros educativos,\n**9** espacios seguros para mujeres, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, **3** espacios de autoridades para\nla coordinaci\u00f3n de respuesta, **6** casas de paso y\n**44** centros de salud. Adem\u00e1s, se instalaron **135**\nunidades de alojamiento de emergencias para\nfortalecer la respuesta de las autoridades ante\ndesastres. **14561** personas ocuparon espacios\nde alojamiento temporal en los estados T\u00e1chira,\nApure, Miranda, Sucre, Zulia y Falc\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn el **\u00e1rea de Energ\u00eda,** con el fin de mitigar riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n en comunidades, se instalaron **589**\nl\u00e1mparas solares de calle y **169** sistemas para\ngenerar electricidad en centros comunitarios,\nde salud, casas de paso, as\u00ed como en espacios\np\u00fablicos, educativos, y de apoyo a las autoridades\nde coordinaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn una articulaci\u00f3n in\u00e9dita con el Ministerio\ndel Poder Popular para la Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y\norganizaciones socias, se realizaron actividades\nde recuperaci\u00f3n de sistemas fotovoltaicos y\ndel tendido el\u00e9ctrico en poblaciones aisladas\ny vulnerables en Zulia (municipios Guajira y\nAlmirante Padilla), logrando beneficiar a **507**\npersonas (276 mujeres y 231 hombres). El\nacceso a energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica contribuy\u00f3 a mejorar\nlas condiciones de vida y promover el acceso a\nderecho de los habitantes, permitiendo realizar\nactividades vitales como conservar alimentos\n\n\n\n\n- protegerse contra vectores que transmiten\nenfermedades, y fortalecer sus oportunidades\neducativas, laborales y de desarrollo personal\n\n\nM\u00e1s de 15 mil personas afectadas por desastres,\ninundaciones y deslizamientos recibieron **enseres**\n**b\u00e1sicos** . Se entregaron **2.988** kits estandarizados\ny **3.923** l\u00e1mparas solares port\u00e1tiles para cubrir\nsus necesidades b\u00e1sicas.\n\n\n\n2 Acceso al dashboard de monitoreo de la respuesta disponible desde: https://bit.ly/ClusterAlojamiento_Venezuela_5W_diciembre2020\n\n\n**16** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Respuestas exitosas 2023\n\n\n\nDesde la creaci\u00f3n formal del Cl\u00faster en 2019, las\nrespuestas, capacidades y enfoques de programas\nde las organizaciones se han fortalecido en el\ncontexto de 2023. A lo largo de este per\u00edodo, marcado\npor diversos desaf\u00edos de acceso, financieros y\nlog\u00edsticos, los socios han implementado programas\nexitosos, llegando a comunidades vulnerables en\n\u00e1reas remotas y aisladas.\n\n\nAl concluir el a\u00f1o 2023, 44 organizaciones\nforman parte del foro de coordinaci\u00f3n, con una\ncomposici\u00f3n que incluye 28 organizaciones\nlocales, 9 internacionales, 4 Agencias del Sistema\nde Naciones Unidas, 2 instituciones acad\u00e9micas\ny el Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja como\nmiembro observador.\n\n\n\nA continuaci\u00f3n, destacamos el trabajo de\nnuestros socios, quienes son fundamentales en\nla prestaci\u00f3n de asistencia a las personas m\u00e1s\nvulnerables. Se presentan algunos proyectos\nexitosos que ejemplifican el impacto y la diversidad\nde la respuesta.\n\n\n\n**O.E.** **APOYAR LA IMPLEMENTACI\u00d3N DE ACTIVIDADES DE LOS SOCIOS**\n\n\n\n**Coordinaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n**Incidencia**\n\n\n\n**Respuesta basada**\n\n**en la evidencia**\n\n\n\n**Capacidades**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **TECHO Venezuela**\n\n##### _CREA: Promoci\u00f3n de_ _los medios de vida en 5_ _Escuelas T\u00e9cnicas de artes_ _y oficios del estado Zulia._\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR como organizaci\u00f3n l\u00edder\n\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\n\n- Municipio Mara, parroquia Felix Loreto,\nSector Paila negra. Escuela T\u00e9cnica\nAgropecuaria Pesquera Indigena Kanuye\nA\u00f1u (ETAPI).\n\n- Municipio Maracaibo, Parroquia Antonio\nBorjas Romero, Complejo deportivo Patria\nJ\u00f3ven y Parroquia San Isidro, comunidad La\nRetirada 1.\n\n\n- Capacitaciones en construcci\u00f3n segura.\n\n- Capacitaciones y conformaci\u00f3n de un\ncomit\u00e9 para la gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de\ndesastres.\n\n- Capacitaciones en medios de vida,\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n y adecuamiento de\nespacios.\n\n- Dotaci\u00f3n de un motocultor\n\n\n**PREVENCI\u00d3N DE RIESGOS**\n**COMUNITARIOS**\n\n\nEl proyecto \u201cCREA\u201d es un programa que consiste\nen fortalecer las capacidades de las personas a\n\n\n\ntrav\u00e9s de los medios de vida en comunidades,\ncentros educativos y deportivos, entre los cuales\nse encuentran la comunidad de San Isidro, la\nEscuela t\u00e9cnica agropecuaria pesquera indigena\nKanuye A\u00f1u (ETAPI) y el complejo deportivo\nPatria Joven, a trav\u00e9s de sesiones formativas\nen construcci\u00f3n segura, capacitaciones y\nconformaci\u00f3n de un comit\u00e9 de gesti\u00f3n de riesgos\nde desastres, sesiones formativas en medios\nde vida y las rehabilitaciones de espacios de\ninter\u00e9s para el fortalecimiento estructural y\nentrega de insumos para potenciar algunas de\nsus actividades econ\u00f3micas agr\u00edcolas. de este\nproyecto se beneficiaron directamente a m\u00e1s de\n1000 personas de las comunidades priorizadas.\n\n\n\n\n- Conformaci\u00f3n de un (1) comit\u00e9 de riesgo\ncompuesto por cinco (5) beneficiarios.\n\n- Dotaci\u00f3n de 40 kits de construcci\u00f3n para\nla rehabilitaci\u00f3n de los techos.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cGracias a ustedes y gracias a**_\n\n\n\n_**Dios mi casa ya no se moja en**_\n_**ninguna parte y ahora si puedo**_\n_**estar m\u00e1s tranquila porque elimin\u00e9**_\n\n\n\n_**el bote de agua en el muro de**_\n_**contenci\u00f3n y la filtraci\u00f3n de las**_\n\n\n\n_**paredes de enfrente\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**Betsy Castillo.**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cGracias al apoyo de TECHO junto**_\n\n\n\n_**ACNUR, por la gran labor que se**_\n_**est\u00e1 realizando en la rehabilitaci\u00f3n**_\n\n\n\n_**del m\u00f3dulo de residencia, ya que**_\n_**desde hace 8 a\u00f1os no estaban en**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cGente linda de TECHO, ante**_\n_**todo agradecer primeramente a**_\n_**Dios por esta gran bendici\u00f3n y a**_\n_**ustedes que hicieron posible ver**_\n_**realizado este regalo de los techos**_\n\n\n\n_**funcionamiento\u201d**_\n\n\n##### _Comunidades Resilientes_\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nPreemptive Love Coalition\n\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nBarrio \u201cLos Eucaliptos\u201d, parroquia San Juan,\nmunicipio Libertador Distrito Capital, Caracas.\n\n\n- Capacitaci\u00f3n comunitaria en construcci\u00f3n\nsegura, adecuamiento de espacios,\nresiliencia y prevenci\u00f3n de desastres.\n\n- Dotaci\u00f3n de 40 kits de construcci\u00f3n\npara la recuperaci\u00f3n y reparaci\u00f3n de los\ntechos de las viviendas.\n\n\n**\u201cCOMUNIDADES RESILIENTES\u201d**\n\n\nEl proyecto \u201cComunidades Resilientes\u201d es un\nprograma que pretende fortalecer las capacidades\nde las personas en la comunidad de \u201cLos\nEucaliptos\u201d a trav\u00e9s la capacitaci\u00f3n comunitaria en\nconstrucci\u00f3n segura, adecuamiento de espacios,\nprevenci\u00f3n de desastres, la dotaci\u00f3n de kits de\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n y asesoramiento t\u00e9cnico para la\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n de techos (20, 40 y 60 mts2) de 40\nviviendas. La fase ejecutada impact\u00f3 a 40 familias\nubicadas en los sectores Buena Vista, La Acequia,\nPuerta Negra, Santa Elena y 1ero de Mayo de la\ncomunidad \u201cLos Eucaliptos\u201d de la parroquia San\nJuan, municipio Libertador.\n\n\nPara lograr estas intervenciones se cont\u00f3 con el\napoyo y el compromiso de los habitantes, las l\u00edderes\ncomunitarias y las organizaciones involucradas\npara desarrollar las siguientes actividades:\n\n- Siete (7) jornadas de capacitaci\u00f3n\ncomunitarias en construcci\u00f3n segura,\nadecuamiento de espacios, resiliencia, gesti\u00f3n de\nresiduos y prevenci\u00f3n de desastres.\n\n\n\n_**para las familias favorecidas.**_\n_**Gracias a todos y cada uno de**_\n\n\n\n\n_**- Profesor Yordano Castillo, director**_\n\n_**encargado de la ETAPI.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**ustedes por su desempe\u00f1o y**_\n_**con el amor con que hacen este**_\n_**maravilloso gesto. El techo pas\u00f3**_\n_**la prueba, justamente en la noche**_\n\n\n\n_**llovi\u00f3 y ni una gota de agua cay\u00f3**_\n\n\n\n_**dentro de la casa\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**Reina Isabel Valdirio.**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cMi casa se ve diferente, se ve**_\n\n\n\n_**mucho m\u00e1s grande de lo era.**_\n_**Despu\u00e9s de este beneficio, estoy**_\n\n_**motivada a continuar arreglando**_\n\n\n\n_**mi hogar\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**Maria Antonieta Vaiana.**_\n\n\n\n**20** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **FUNDACI\u00d3N** **VIVIENDA** **POPULAR**\n\n**REFACCI\u00d3N Y AMPLIACI\u00d3N DE**\n**ESCUELA NER028 ELEAZAR**\n**RIVERO, EL INGENIO, MUNICIPIO**\n**ZAMORA DEL ESTADO MIRANDA**\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nEl Ingenio, Municipio Zamora del estado\nMiranda\n\n\nLa refacci\u00f3n y ampliaci\u00f3n de esta Escuela\npermitir\u00e1 que los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, que reciben\nclases en esta Escuela puedan hacerlo en un Aula\npor cada grado impartido, ya que anteriormente\nrecib\u00edan dos grados por cada aula. Se trabaj\u00f3\ncon un dise\u00f1o novedoso que permit\u00eda bajar la\ntemperatura del sector en al menos dos grados\ndentro de los espacios dise\u00f1ados, adem\u00e1s en\nel dise\u00f1o se incorpor\u00f3 Parque Infantil, Huerto,\nAreas Verdes, Postes Solares, Tanque de\nAgua (que se alimenta del canal del agua del\nr\u00edo cercano) y Rampas, para lograr un espacio\narm\u00f3nico con el entorno que fortalezca la vida\nsana, la convivencia y la inclusi\u00f3n de personas\nen condici\u00f3n de discapacidad, impulsando la\ntransformaci\u00f3n social y la paz de la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa Escuela atiende una poblaci\u00f3n de 130 ni\u00f1os\ny comunidad educativa, pero sus espacios\npueden servir para actividades de la comunidad.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cLa calidad obtenida del espacio,**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cQue bueno que ACNUR se est\u00e9**_\n_**ocupando de este tipo de espacios**_\n\n_**y entregue obras de gran calidad\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**es un est\u00edmulo para los ni\u00f1os y**_\n_**ni\u00f1as que asisten a esta Escuela,**_\n_**pues pueden ir a clases en un lugar**_\n\n\n\n_**bonito\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cLa Escuela qued\u00f3 muy bonita,**_\n_**es una forma de hacernos ver que**_\n\n\n\n_**todos merecemos espacios de**_\n\n\n\n_**calidad\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**REHABILITACI\u00d3N DE CAMPO**\n**DEPORTIVO EL PARQUECITO,**\n**BARRIO BOL\u00cdVAR, PETARE, ESTADO**\n**MIRANDA.**\n\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nBarrio Bol\u00edvar, Petare, estado Miranda\n\n\n- Alojamiento: Refacci\u00f3n de todo el campo\n\ndeportivo y sus distintas especialidades.\n\n- Energ\u00eda: Instalaci\u00f3n de 5 reflectores solares\n\n- Enseres: Dotaci\u00f3n de Implementos Deportivos\n\npara b\u00e1squet, voleibol, futbolito, ping pong y\n\nboxeo.\n\n\nLa intervenci\u00f3n de este escenario deportivo\ncomunitario de 730 mts2 ayuda a incentivar en\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y j\u00f3venes de los sectores\naleda\u00f1os el desarrollo de pr\u00e1cticas deportivas\norganizadas y sostenibles que fortalezcan la vida\nsana, la convivencia y la inclusi\u00f3n de personas\nen condici\u00f3n de discapacidad, impulsando la\ntransformaci\u00f3n social y la paz de la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nAsimismo, ayuda a eliminar las barreras culturales\ny sociales, incentiva la construcci\u00f3n de acuerdos\npara el uso de espacios colectivos y ayuda en la\ninteriorizaci\u00f3n y manifestaci\u00f3n de valores como el\nrespeto, la solidaridad, la honestidad, la tolerancia\ny la equidad mejorando el entorno social de las\ncomunidades apuntando al bienestar com\u00fan.\nEs un espacio de protecci\u00f3n, donde convergen\ndiversas disciplinas: futbolito, voleibol, basquetbol,\nping pong, boxeo y calistenia, que beneficia\na una poblaci\u00f3n estimada de 3.692 personas.\n\n\n\nPara la ejecuci\u00f3n de esta obra se acometieron los\nsiguientes trabajos:\n\n\n**\u2022** Refacci\u00f3n general del espacio de ejercicios:\nReparaci\u00f3n de paral principal en tuber\u00eda de\n100x100, reparaci\u00f3n del cercado perimetral,\ncambio de techo, refacci\u00f3n de piso, colocaci\u00f3n\nde grama artificial pintura general.\n\n**\u2022** Instalaci\u00f3n de mini jaula de ejercicio con pesas\nincorporadas y grama artificial en piso.\n\n**\u2022** Refacci\u00f3n general de las instalaciones\nel\u00e9ctricas.\n\n**\u2022** Refacci\u00f3n y pintura general del piso de la\ncancha.\n\n**\u2022** Reparaci\u00f3n de cerca y paredes perimetrales\nde la cancha y aplicaci\u00f3n de pintura.\n\n**\u2022** Fabricaci\u00f3n de puerta de acceso a la cancha\nmet\u00e1lica.\n\n**\u2022** Instalaci\u00f3n de 5 reflectores solares.\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n de implementos deportivos: pelotas\nde futbolito, voleibol, basquetbol, set de ping\npong y set de boxeo.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cTodo qued\u00f3 muy bonito, nuestros**_\n\n\n\n_**ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y j\u00f3venes tendr\u00e1n**_\n_**espacios bellos y cuidados donde**_\n\n\n\n_**hacer deporte\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**22** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Alto Comisionado** **de las Naciones** **Unidas para** **los Refugiados** **(ACNUR)**\n\n##### _Electrificaci\u00f3n de la_ _comunidad de Punta_ _Manglar (recuperaci\u00f3n_ _de Sistema Fotovoltaico y_ _Tendido El\u00e9ctrico)_\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nPunta Manglar, municipio Almirante Padilla,\nedo. Zulia\n\n\nSOCIO: ACNUR, MPPEE (FUNDELEC y\nCORPOELEC) y la Alcald\u00eda del municipio Almirante\nPadilla\n\n\n**\u2022** Alojamiento: recuperaci\u00f3n de infraestructura\n(edificaci\u00f3n donde almacenar equipos\nfotovoltaicos). Construcci\u00f3n de cimentaci\u00f3n\npara soportar paneles fotovoltaicos.\n\n**\u2022** Energ\u00eda: recuperaci\u00f3n de sistema fotovoltaico\ny tendido el\u00e9ctrico. Incluye dotaci\u00f3n de\nbanco de bater\u00edas, recuperaci\u00f3n de planta\n\n\n\nelectr\u00f3gena, instalaci\u00f3n de paneles solares y\nrevisi\u00f3n de inversores.\n\n**\u2022** Enseres: Bombillos para viviendas.\n\n\nEl ACNUR, junto con MPPEE (FUNDELEC y\nCORPOELEC) y la Alcald\u00eda del municipio Almirante\nPadilla, reestableci\u00f3 el servicio el\u00e9ctrico en la\ncomunidad de Punta Manglar, en el estado Zulia\nmediante la recuperaci\u00f3n de sistema fotovoltaico\ny tendido el\u00e9ctrico, proporcionando energ\u00eda limpia,\nsostenible y segura. La comunidad carec\u00eda de\nenerg\u00eda desde hac\u00eda aproximadamente 10 a\u00f1os,\nlo que hab\u00eda generado importantes repercusiones\npara sus habitantes, entre ellas: limitaci\u00f3n de las\noportunidades educativas, de emprendimiento y\ndesarrollo de negocios, acceso a la informaci\u00f3n\ny seguridad f\u00edsica. Exposici\u00f3n a situaciones de\ninseguridad, reducci\u00f3n de las oportunidades de vida\ny de medios de vida, y mitigaci\u00f3n de la coexistencia\npac\u00edfica.\n\n\nACNUR apoy\u00f3 con la orientaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica para\ndise\u00f1ar el proyecto, as\u00ed como con dotaci\u00f3n de\ntodos los insumos necesarios para recuperar el\nsistema fotovoltaico y tendido el\u00e9ctrico, mientras\nque FUNDELEC apoy\u00f3 con la mano de obra\nnecesaria para ejecutar el proyecto. Un valor\na\u00f1adido del proyecto es que la propia comunidad\nparticipo activamente en las tareas de recuperaci\u00f3n\ndel sistema fotovoltaico, lo cual no solo aumenta el\nsentido de pertenencia sino tambi\u00e9n garantiza la\nsostenibilidad de la intervenci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEl objetivo del proyecto es garantizar el acceso a la\nelectricidad como medio para asegurar la protecci\u00f3n,\nseguridad f\u00edsica, seguridad alimentaria, acceso\na agua potable, salud, educaci\u00f3n y coexistencia\npac\u00edfica de los habitantes de Punta Manglar.\nAdem\u00e1s, aprovechar la intervenci\u00f3n para sensibilizar\na la comunidad sobre acceso a derechos y vincular a\nsus habitantes con la institucionalidad.\n\n\n##### _Intervenci\u00f3n Interagencial_ _e intersectorial en (2)_ _Escuelas T\u00e9cnicas de_ _estado Zulia._\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR - Fondos propios\nFondos Japoneses (Sistema fotovoltaico)\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\n\n**\u2022** Escuela T\u00e9cnica Agropecuaria Santa\nBarbara, municipio Col\u00f3n, estado Zulia.\n\n**\u2022** Escuela T\u00e9cnica Agro-pesquera Ind\u00edgena\nKan\u00fcye A\u00f1\u00fa, municipio Mara, estado\nZulia\nZonas de alta movilidad transfronteriza.\n\n\n**ESCUELA T\u00c9CNICA PESQUERA IND\u00cdGENA**\n**KANUYE A\u00d1U**\n\n\nLa Escuela T\u00e9cnica Pesquera Ind\u00edgena Kanuye\nA\u00f1u brinda educaci\u00f3n a estudiantes ind\u00edgenas.\nLa intervenci\u00f3n tuvo dos objetivos: aumentar la\nmatr\u00edcula estudiantil y garantizar la permanencia\nde los estudiantes en el sistema educativo.\n\n\nLa **primera etapa,** se enfoc\u00f3 en fortalecer la\nalimentaci\u00f3n escolar. Para ello, se instal\u00f3 un\nsistema fotovoltaico, se dot\u00f3 de equipos de cocina\ny menaje, y se rehabilit\u00f3 el m\u00f3dulo de cocina y\ncomedor estudiantil.\nEn la **segunda etapa,** se rehabilit\u00f3 la residencia\nestudiantil para que los estudiantes de\ncomunidades alejadas puedan pernoctar y\ngarantizar su asistencia. Adem\u00e1s, se dot\u00f3 de\ninsumos agr\u00edcolas para reactivar la capacidad\nproductiva de la escuela t\u00e9cnica.\n\n\n\nComo resultado de las intervenciones, se\nhan mejorado las condiciones de vida de los\nestudiantes y se ha garantizado su derecho a la\neducaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**ESCUELA T\u00c9CNICA SANTA B\u00c1RBARA**\n\n\nLa ETA Santa B\u00e1rbara brinda educaci\u00f3n a\nestudiantes venezolanos, colombianos e\nind\u00edgenas. La intervenci\u00f3n de ACNUR y la FAO en\n2022 mejor\u00f3 las condiciones f\u00edsicas y pedag\u00f3gicas\nde la instituci\u00f3n, lo que permiti\u00f3 aumentar la\nmatr\u00edcula de 115 a 328 estudiantes.\n\n\nLa intervenci\u00f3n incluy\u00f3 la recuperaci\u00f3n del m\u00f3dulo\nde cocina/comedor, la instalaci\u00f3n de un sistema\nfotovoltaico, la dotaci\u00f3n de equipos de cocina y\nmenaje, y la reactivaci\u00f3n de la capacidad de la\ninstituci\u00f3n para producir alimentos.\n\n\nEn la segunda etapa, se acondicionaron 12\nsalones escolares, mejorando las condiciones\nde habitabilidad, salubridad y seguridad de los\nespacios, y permitiendo aumentar la capacidad de\nla escuela para inscribir nuevos alumnos. Gracias\na la intervenci\u00f3n se recuperaron 4 salones que\nestaban completamente inoperativos, permitiendo\nacoger a 100 NNA.\n\n\n\nJesus Gonzales\nEstudiante de segundo a\u00f1o de bachillerato\n\n\n\n_**\u00a8Desde que comenzaron a hacer**_\n\n\n\n_**trabajos en la escuela nos**_\n_**sentimos mas c\u00f3modos dentro**_\n_**del comedor a la hora de hacer**_\n_**nuestras comidas, tambi\u00e9n ahora**_\n\n\n\n_**podemos aprender mucho mejor**_\n\n\n\n_**como es la cr\u00eda de pescados**_\n_**porque se arreglaron las lagunas\u00a8**_\n\n\n\n**24** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **25**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Fundaci\u00f3n** **Voces Libres**\n\n##### _Energ\u00eda verde para iluminar_ _vidas ind\u00edgenas Warao_ _en el Delta del Orinoco_ _venezolano._\n\n**Objetivo:** Instalar energ\u00eda solar fotovoltaica en\nel centro comunitario Eco-escuela con Prop\u00f3sito\nDelta del Orinoco, para mejorar la respuesta\nhumanitaria a familias ind\u00edgenas Warao que viven\nen pobreza extrema en comunidades fluviales del\nbajo Delta.\n\n\n**Beneficiarios:** En nuestra sede se atienden\nfamilias de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas fluviales:\nDijarukabanoko, Jokore, Ajoanaburu\nBebeina, Boca de Juanakasi I y II, Atoibo y\nJubasujuro, 418 personas aproximadamente,\nentre ellas 280 madres y padres que han recibido\ncapacitaciones y NNA.\n\n\n**Lugar:** Comunidades fluviales del bajo Delta.\nParroquia Manuel Renault del Municipio Antonio\nDiaz del estado Delta Amacuro (estado priorizado\ndel Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria de Venezuela).\n\n\nEn el a\u00f1o 2023 la Fundaci\u00f3n Voces Libres a trav\u00e9s\n\n\n\nde sus actividades de autogesti\u00f3n y en convenio\ncon la Escuela de arquitectura de la Universidad\nCentral de Venezuela (UCV) desarroll\u00f3 acciones\nde acondicionamiento y mantenimiento de\neste centro comunitario de ahora 398 mts2 de\nconstrucci\u00f3n, donde casi 140 hombres se han\ninvolucrado para las continuas mejoras que se\nhan realizado. Los Warao con sus habilidades\nconstructivas, fuerza f\u00edsica, conocimiento del\nentorno natural, los materiales y sus propiedades,\nsuelen trabajar sobre terreno fangosos en tareas\ncomplejas en tiempos cortos, siempre y cuando\ntengan la motivaci\u00f3n y la gu\u00eda de l\u00edderes para un\ntrabajo en equipo entre ind\u00edgenas y no ind\u00edgenas.\nEntre los avances, aunque parezcan muy simples,\nel mayor reto no ha sido la construcci\u00f3n pers\u00e9\nsino la transformaci\u00f3n a la \u201cmentalidad de equipo\ny bienestar com\u00fan a trav\u00e9s del trabajo\u201d, el hecho\nde comprender que la responsabilidad de cuidar,\nmantener y valorar estos espacios construidos por\nellos mismos, reposa principalmente en ellos. Y\nes gracias a este centro comunitario que se han\npodido reunir m\u00e1s de 400 personas en un mismo\nmomento, para recibir formaci\u00f3n y/o atenci\u00f3n, y\nahora m\u00e1s a\u00fan con la reciente instalaci\u00f3n de luz\ny agua potable que ha fortalecido el bienestar con\niluminaci\u00f3n, integraci\u00f3n comunitaria, conciliaci\u00f3n\nde valores, salud, higiene y productividad.\n\n\nComo sub- implementadores de la AVEC con\nfinanciamiento del Fondo Humanitario de\nVenezuela y como proveedor la cooperativa El\nArca de No\u00e9, se apuntan los siguientes logros:\n\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de una estructura s\u00f3lida y\nsegura para ocho (8) paneles solares, con\nsoporte de 4 horcones de 8 metros, correas\nde 2 metros y 2 durmientes de 5 metros que\nsoportan un peso total de 150 kilogramos.\nLuego de fijar los paneles a un soporte\n\n\n\nmet\u00e1lico, se conectaron los cables al inversor,\nal regulador, a la bater\u00eda y al tablero el\u00e9ctrico,\ndistribuy\u00e9ndose los cables por el centro\ncomunitario ADONAI donde se colocaron los\ninterruptores, tomacorrientes y las bombillas.\n\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de la estructura para una bomba\ncerca de la orilla del r\u00edo (\u00e1rea m\u00e1s limpia y\nprofunda), con una base de madera sobre\npilotes, donde se encuentra una bomba\nsumergible conectada a una tuber\u00eda que va\nhasta el tanque y provee agua potable a la\ncomunidad. Dicha bomba fue ubicada de tal\nmanera que no se deteriore por el tr\u00e1nsito de\nlas curiaras o por la bora que arrastra el r\u00edo\ny que pueda subir y bajar con el nivel de la\nmarea.\n\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de la estructura del tanque para\nalmacenar el agua proveniente de la bomba.\nEsta estructura se realiz\u00f3 con pilotes de una\nlongitud de 2 metros y horcones de 4 metros,\nenterrados en el suelo fangoso. Se realiz\u00f3 un\nsistema de distribuci\u00f3n de cargas con varas\nen diagonal para soportar el peso de 700\nlitros de agua, tambi\u00e9n se tiene provisto la\ninstalaci\u00f3n de un segundo tanque de agua\npara realizar un proceso de purificaci\u00f3n. El\ntanque principal ya instalado tiene una v\u00e1lvula\nde salida y un grifo.\n\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de un cuarto para el inversor\ndel panel solar, se trata de una peque\u00f1a\ncaseta de madera, con un inversor, un\nregulador, una bater\u00eda y un tablero el\u00e9ctrico,\nque permite transformar la energ\u00eda solar en\nenerg\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica para la comunidad. Se ubic\u00f3\nel cuarto junto a la estructura de los paneles\nsolares, para facilitar la conexi\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022** Se establecieron acuerdos y compromisos\ncon la comunidad, sobre el cuidado y\nmantenimiento de todas las instalaciones\nrealizadas en conjunto.\n\n\n**\u2022** Distribuci\u00f3n de kits socio-productivos a 120\nmujeres y 120 hombres.\n\n\n**\u2022** Distribuci\u00f3n de 7 kits comunitarios a las\ncomunidades ind\u00edgenas: Dijarukabanoko,\nJokore, Juanakasi I y II, Atoibo, Ajuanaburu y\nJubasujuru.\n\n\nLos habitantes de la comunidad expresaron\nsu agradecimiento y satisfacci\u00f3n por las obras\nrealizadas y manifestaron su inter\u00e9s por seguir\ntrabajando en equipo con la Fundaci\u00f3n Voces\nLibres en lo sucesivo. Se contin\u00faan las gestiones\npara realizar un acompa\u00f1amiento con visitas\nen campo bimensuales, para optimizar la\nsostenibilidad del programa y responder a posibles\nmejoras y necesidades de la comunidad.\n\n\n\n**26** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **27**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **OIM**\n\n**ATENCI\u00d3N EN CENTROS DE**\n**ALOJAMIENTO TEMPORAL,**\n**PUNTOS M\u00d3VILES E**\n**INTERVENCI\u00d3N EN**\n**COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES**\n**EN DISTRITO CAPITAL Y MIRANDA**\n\n\n**\u2022** Entrega de enseres en Espacios de\nAlojamiento Temporal en Car\u00fapano y G\u00fciria\n\n**\u2022** Ocupaci\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal ofreciendo pernocta a personas en\nmovilidad\n\n**\u2022** Atenci\u00f3n integral a las personas en movilidad\n(alimentaci\u00f3n, kits de higiene, atenci\u00f3n\npsicosocial, sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre prevenci\u00f3n\ne identificaci\u00f3n de trata de personas)\n\n\nEste proyecto brinda asistencia con alimentaci\u00f3n\nen los puntos m\u00f3viles y Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal, en comunidades aleda\u00f1as a sitios\nestrat\u00e9gicos y de frontera, alcanzando a 4.882\npersonas. En estos espacios se realizan entrega\nde enseres, se brinda hospedaje, se ofrece apoyo\npsicosocial e informaci\u00f3n sobre prevenci\u00f3n de la\nTrata de Personas y otros riesgos en general.\n\n\n\n**RESPUESTA HUMANITARIA PARA**\n**SOBREVIVIENTES DE VIOLENCIA**\n**BASADA EN G\u00c9NERO EN EL**\n**ESTADO T\u00c1CHIRA**\n\n\n**\u2022** Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de Espacio de Alojamiento\nTemporal\n\n**\u2022** Ocupaci\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal\n\n\nEl Espacio de Alojamiento Temporal es uno de\nlos primeros establecidos en el pa\u00eds. Fue creado\nen 2018 para brindar estad\u00eda a los migrantes y\nretornados venezolanos que transitan las fronteras\nen b\u00fasqueda de atenci\u00f3n y servicios. Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1\ndestinado a mujeres sobrevivientes de VbG, NNA\nno acompa\u00f1ados o separados, v\u00edctimas de trata\nde personas y tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes. En este\nlugar se trabaja en estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n con los\n\u00f3rganos de justicia y seguridad ciudadana para el\nrestablecimiento de sus derechos fundamentales.\nDurante la intervenci\u00f3n, la tercera que se realiza\nen el espacio de alojamiento desde su apertura,\n\n\n\n_**\u201cEl retorno desde Trinidad y**_\n_**Tobago fue un viaje terrible, (...)**_\n\n\n\nse remodel\u00f3 el \u00e1rea de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial, un\n\u00e1rea de 52 m2, incluyendo la remodelaci\u00f3n de\npiso, techos, paredes, sistema de electricidad e\niluminaci\u00f3n, instalaci\u00f3n de puertas y ventanas,\nmejoramiento de fachada. Con estas mejoras se\nlograr atender a 750 en promedio al mes.\n\n\n\n_**Me vine a todo riesgo, s\u00f3lo me**_\n_**importaba llegar a casa y estar con**_\n\n\n\n_**mi familia**_\n_**(...) agradezco la presencia de**_\n_**las organizaciones OIM y ACNUR**_\n\n\n\n_**por haberme brindado recursos**_\n\n\n\n_**para obtener alimentaci\u00f3n (...)**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cMe llamo Maria, regreso a**_\n_**Venezuela, luego de una situaci\u00f3n**_\n\n\n\n_**muy dif\u00edcil con mi pareja, quien**_\n\n\n\nambulatorio Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, que se encuentra al\nlado de este hospital, ambos ofrecen servicio a\ntoda la poblaci\u00f3n de Amazonas, con una afluencia\nimportante de personas.\n\nEn el mes de agosto se iniciaron las adecuaciones\nciviles y el\u00e9ctricas, bajo el c\u00f3digo el\u00e9ctrico\nnacional y las normas Covenin-Fondonorma para\nconstrucci\u00f3n. Se construy\u00f3 un espacio amplio para\ngarantizar la seguridad de los equipos donados y\nse procedi\u00f3 a elevar los transformadores que se\nencontraban sobre el piso, con el fin de disminuir\nlos riesgos a la integridad f\u00edsica del personal.\n\nEl hospital no contaba con una planta el\u00e9ctrica\npropia, lo que preocupaba a las autoridades del\nhospital Dr. Jos\u00e9 Gregorio Hern\u00e1ndez por los\nriesgos que conlleva para los pacientes y no\npoder prestarles la atenci\u00f3n inmediata. Con esta\ninstalaci\u00f3n se sirve a los 7 municipios del estado\nAmazonas ya que es el \u00fanico hospital funcional\ncon el que se dispone.\n\n\n\n_**Considero que el trabajo que**_\n_**realizan es muy valioso, ayudando**_\n\n\n\n_**a much\u00edsimos venezolanos que lo**_\n\n\n\n_**me agred\u00eda constantemente**_\n_**(...) me atendieron muy bien,**_\n_**nos brindaron alimentaci\u00f3n y**_\n_**art\u00edculos de higiene personal, tuve**_\n\n_**la oportunidad de descansar y**_\n_**sentirme segura, tuve el tiempo de**_\n\n\n\n_**necesitan.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**ASISTENCIA DE EMERGENCIA**\n**PARA POBLACIONES**\n**VULNERABLES EN EL ESTADO**\n**AMAZONAS**\n\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n e Instalaci\u00f3n de generadores\nel\u00e9ctricos para servicios cr\u00edticos de salud\n\n\nLa Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las\nMigraciones OIM entreg\u00f3 al Hospital Dr. Jos\u00e9\nGregorio Hern\u00e1ndez un generador el\u00e9ctrico a\nDiesel de 350 kVA, para mantener la operaci\u00f3n\ncontinua, en las \u00e1reas de emergencia, trauma\nshock, sala Covid-19, parte administrativa y el\n\n\n\n_**conversar con la psic\u00f3loga sobre**_\n\n\n\n_**mi estado emocional, tengo un**_\n_**prop\u00f3sito en mi vida y es por mi**_\n\n\n\n_**hija\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201c\u00bf\u2026que, c\u00f3mo me siento?**_\n_**pues, muy feliz, pues ya se**_\n\n\n\n_**nos quitar\u00e1 la zozobra de**_\n_**saber si tendr\u00edan electricidad**_\n\n\n\n_**los pacientes del hospital.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**28** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **29**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Asociaci\u00f3n Civil** **Construyendo** **Futuros**\n\n**\u201cMANOS QUE CONSTRUYEN\u201d:**\n**EMPODERANDO A TRAV\u00c9S**\n**DE LAS PR\u00c1CTICAS DE**\n**MEDIOS DE VIDA A LAS NI\u00d1AS,**\n**NI\u00d1OS, ADOLESCENTES Y**\n**MUJERES PARA PREVENIR**\n**DESIGUALDADES DE G\u00c9NERO**\n**EN LOS MUNICIPIOS ATURES**\n**(AMAZONAS), SAN FERNANDO**\n**DE APURE Y R\u00d3MULO**\n**GALLEGOS (APURE).**\n\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nFondo Humanitario Venezuela (FHV) - segunda\nestrategia de asignaci\u00f3n\n\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\n\n**\u2022** Estado Amazonas, Municipio Aut\u00f3nomo\nAtures, parroquia Luis Alberto G\u00f3mez (2\nespacios)\n\n**\u2022** Estado Amazonas, Municipio Aut\u00f3nomo\nAtures, parroquia Platanillal\n\n**\u2022** Estado Apure, Municipio San Fernando,\nparroquia Urbana San Fernando\n\n**\u2022** Estado Apure, Municipio R\u00f3mulo Gallegos,\nparroquia Urbana Elorza\n\n\n\nManos que Construyen es una iniciativa que busca\ncontribuir en la consolidaci\u00f3n de espacios seguros\npara el desarrollo de habilidades y fortalecimiento\nde capacidades, que permitan cambios positivos\nen la vida de las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes y las\nmujeres.\nLa implementaci\u00f3n emplea acciones de medios\nde vida como una estrategia para abordar y\natender temas asociados a atenci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n\ny mitigaci\u00f3n de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero en\nlos municipios mencionados.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de Manos Que Construyen se asisti\u00f3 en\nla rehabilitaci\u00f3n y mejora de 5 Espacios Seguros\npara Mujeres y NNA (3 en Amazonas, 2 en Apure).\nEsto implic\u00f3 el fortalecimiento de las capacidades\nde las comunidades dado que en todos los\ncasos estos espacios fueron ubicados en\ninstalaciones que actualmente sirven a las propias\ncomunidades, asegurando la sostenibilidad de la\nimplementaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn cada uno de los espacios, este fortalecimiento\nincluy\u00f3 la entrega de enseres requeridos para la\nformaci\u00f3n en medios de vida dedicada a Mujeres\ny NNA, la adecuaci\u00f3n y entrega de enseres que\npermitieron la atenci\u00f3n integral a las mujeres\ny NNA participantes, la entrega de canasta de\nalimentaci\u00f3n, la entrega de kits de higiene, la\n\n\n\n_**\u201cCuando entramos y vimos todo**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cEl monte lo tapaba, pero cuando**_\n_**alguien con amor llega y le da vida**_\n\n\n\n_**el cambio, nos encant\u00f3. Nos**_\n_**pareci\u00f3 espectacular, los colores**_\n\n\n\n_**hermosos, los escritos estaban**_\n\n\n\n**Yuri Bonilla.**\n**Participante del curso de corte y costura, Elorza,**\n\n\n\n_**todo toma sentido\u201d.**_\n\n\n\n_**muy lindos\u201d**_\n**Marleny Villa de Acosta.**\n**(1era corte del curso de chocolater\u00eda, Nakua De\u2019a,**\n\n\n\n**Apure**\n\n\n\n**Amazonas)**\n\n\n\natenci\u00f3n psicosocial, gestor\u00eda de casos, las\nsesiones de sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre prevenci\u00f3n de\nVBG y la adecuaci\u00f3n de piezas sanitarias y de\nlavado de manos.\n\n\nEn el caso espec\u00edfico de la sede de la Casa de\nla Mujer, municipio Atures del estado Amazonas,\neste espacio ya ven\u00eda de ser acondicionado por\nACNUR, con lo cual en este caso en particular\nla intervenci\u00f3n de CF se centr\u00f3 en reforzar los\nservicios especializados de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial\ny gestor\u00eda, as\u00ed como la ambientaci\u00f3n del espacio.\n\n\nEn el caso de la sede de R\u00f3mulo Gallegos, al\nfinalizar el proyecto, \u00e9sta fue asumida en su\ntotalidad por la Escuela de Emprendimiento\nTeresa Heredia, convirti\u00e9ndose en la extensi\u00f3n de\nla Escuela de Emprendimiento en el municipio.\n\n\nEn el caso espec\u00edfico del Centro de formaci\u00f3n en\nalfarer\u00eda \u2013 regido por la organizaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena\nKuway-Boo- ubicado en la parroquia Platanillal,\nse instal\u00f3 un horno comunitario que servir\u00e1 a la\nproducci\u00f3n de productos. Esto, fue aprobado y\nconsensuado con la comunidad ind\u00edgena a trav\u00e9s\nde una Asamblea de Consentimiento Libre, Previo\ne Informado suscrito por los miembros de la\ncomunidad.\n\n\nEn todos los casos, la ambientaci\u00f3n del espacio\nresponde de manera transversal a los contenidos\ntem\u00e1ticos de la formaci\u00f3n en habilidades\ntransferibles que se incluyen en el dise\u00f1o\ninstruccional de Manos Que Construyen y que\nse imparten a las participantes de los cursos en\noficios inmersos en la formaci\u00f3n de medios de\nvida.\n\n\n\n**30** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **31**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Financiamiento**\n\nEn 2023, la tendencia de financiamiento del sector\nse mantuvo estable en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022\npresentando un leve aumento porcentual del 0,7%\nalcanzando un total de US$ 14,3 M movilizados\na trav\u00e9s del Cl\u00faster, representando un 26,4%\nde la meta de fondos establecida en el Plan de\nRespuesta Humanitaria.\n\n\nAunque la recaudaci\u00f3n de fondos se identifica\ncomo el principal desaf\u00edo reportado por los\nsocios, especialmente las ONG locales, desde\n2019, se ha observado un aumento del 164% en\nla financiaci\u00f3n del sector, alcanzando su punto\nm\u00e1ximo en 2023.\n\n\nLas Agencias ONU recibieron la mayor parte del\nfinanciamiento con un 87,1% del total, donde hay\nque destacar que parte de estos fondos se redirigen\nhacia socios sub-implementadores (en muchos\ncasos ONG locales). Esto indica que las Agencias\nreciben una cantidad significativa de fondos para\nsus operaciones y proyectos humanitarios, hecho\nque coincide con el financiamiento del HRP.\n\n\nAunque en menor medida que las agencias de\nla ONU, las ONG internacionales recibieron un\n8% del financiamiento. Las ONG nacionales\nrecibieron un 4.9% de los fondos \u00fanicamente\na trav\u00e9s del Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela\nque tiene lineamientos claros de promover la\nlocalizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLas fuentes de financiamiento incluyen pa\u00edses\ncomo Suiza, Luxemburgo, Suecia, Espa\u00f1a,\nFrancia, Noruega y Estados Unidos, as\u00ed como\norganizaciones y mecanismos como CAF, CERF,\nVHF y ECHO.\n\n\n### **FHV**\n\nA trav\u00e9s del Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela\n(VHF, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) se movilizaron\nm\u00e1s de US$ 938K para el sector beneficiando\nalrededor de 15,000 personas. De la asignaci\u00f3n\ntotal para Venezuela durante 2023 (US$ 12.2 M),\nel cl\u00faster moviliz\u00f3 7,7% hacia siete de sus socios\npriorizando a ONG locales.\n\n\nLas prioridades del Fondo se concentraron en:\n\n\n**\u2022** Apoyar la mejora de los servicios esenciales\npara contribuir con entornos seguros y\nprotectores para personas retornadas y\ncomunidades de acogida.\n\n**\u2022** Propiciar condiciones y oportunidades para\ngenerar habilidades para la vida y medios de\nvida de adolescentes y j\u00f3venes a trav\u00e9s de la\neducaci\u00f3n socio-productiva.\n\n**\u2022** Brindar asistencia en salud de la mujer y\nsalud materno-infantil.\n\n**\u2022** Mejora de los servicios esenciales de salud\n(SMAPS y Salud de las mujeres, NNA y SSR).\n\n**\u2022** Fortalecer la resiliencia comunitaria mediante\nel apoyo a los medios de subsistencia\ny acceso a alimentaci\u00f3n adecuada, el\nempoderamiento de las mujeres, la igualdad\nde g\u00e9nero y la prestaci\u00f3n de asistencia y\nservicios de protecci\u00f3n, incluyendo VBG,\nNNA y trata de personas.\n\n**\u2022** Apoyar las actividades de educaci\u00f3n en\nemergencia con enfoque socio-productivo.\n\n\n\n**32** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **33**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Retos y desafios para 2024**\n\n\n\nLa gesti\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y\nEnseres en una situaci\u00f3n como la de Venezuela,\ncon extensas y complejas necesidades\nhumanitarias que afectan a una parte significativa\nde la poblaci\u00f3n, presenta diversos desaf\u00edos que\npodr\u00edan resumirse en la preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta\nante emergencias, la disponibilidad y adecuaci\u00f3n\nde espacios temporales de alojamiento, el\nfortalecimiento de la respuesta energ\u00e9tica en\n\u00e1reas remotas, intervenciones con un enfoque\nsostenible que vincule lo humanitario con el\ndesarrollo, y programas de reintegraci\u00f3n para\npersonas que regresan a Venezuela.\n\n\nA pesar de los avances realizados en 2023 en\nla respuesta humanitaria ante emergencias por\ndesastres, como la coordinaci\u00f3n intersectorial, la\nelaboraci\u00f3n de planes de contingencia regionales\ny locales, y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades\nde las autoridades locales, persiste la necesidad\nde reforzar la preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta de las\norganizaciones humanitarias en colaboraci\u00f3n con\nlas autoridades nacionales y regionales.\n\n\nSe han identificado condiciones extremas de falta\nde acceso a fuentes seguras de energ\u00eda en zonas\nrurales y remotas, con impactos intersectoriales y\nconsecuencias medioambientales.\n\n\n\nEstas condiciones afectan la prestaci\u00f3n de\nservicios de salud, generan problemas respiratorios\ny ambientales debido al uso masivo de le\u00f1a para\ncocinar, aumentan los riesgos de violencia por falta\nde iluminaci\u00f3n, amenazan la vida por conexiones\nel\u00e9ctricas improvisadas y afectan la cadena de\nfr\u00edo de los alimentos, as\u00ed como las actividades\neducativas y de bombeo de agua.\n\n\nEn respuesta a la escasez de espacios temporales\nde alojamiento, se planificaran formaciones y\ntalleres conjuntos con organizaciones asociadas\npara fortalecer las capacidades de las autoridades\ncompetentes, siendo esta \u00e1rea de trabajo\nprioritaria para 2024.\n\n\nPara abordar estos desaf\u00edos en 2024, se planea\nfortalecer las acciones en materia de energ\u00eda\nmediante acuerdos con instancias estatales,\nla realizaci\u00f3n de foros y entrenamientos\nt\u00e9cnicos, evaluaciones espec\u00edficas de energ\u00eda y\nasesoramiento t\u00e9cnico especializado a trav\u00e9s de\nconsultor\u00edas.\n\n\nEn un contexto de recursos limitados para 2024,\nla priorizaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, las intervenciones\nintersectoriales y la localizaci\u00f3n de las acciones son\ndesaf\u00edos importantes. Adem\u00e1s, las intervenciones\n\n\n\ndel sector deben estar vinculadas al fortalecimiento\ninstitucional y al acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos con un\nclaro enlace con el desarrollo, seg\u00fan lo previsto\nen el triple nexo. Se priorizar\u00e1n los programas que\npromuevan el impacto y la sostenibilidad en las\ncondiciones de vida de las personas.\n\n\nAnte las tendencias de movilidad humana de\nretorno a Venezuela, as\u00ed como la necesidad de\ncrear condiciones que fomenten la reintegraci\u00f3n y\neviten el desplazamiento, el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres y sus organizaciones\nasociadas enfrentan el reto de identificar zonas\nprioritarias para intervenciones e involucrar a\nactores humanitarios, instancias estatales y del\nsector privado para impactar en los patrones de\nmovilidad humana.\n\n\n\n**34** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **35**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Agradecimientos**\n\nQueremos expresar nuestros m\u00e1s sinceros\nagradecimientos a todas las organizaciones\nsocias por su inquebrantable compromiso y\ndedicaci\u00f3n durante el a\u00f1o 2023. Sin su valiosa\nparticipaci\u00f3n, este foro de coordinaci\u00f3n no ser\u00eda\nposible.\n\n\nExtendemos nuestro agradecimiento especial\na las organizaciones que integran el Grupo\nEstrat\u00e9gico Consultivo y a nuestros generosos\ndonantes, cuyo apoyo financiero es fundamental\npara hacer realidad nuestros proyectos.\n\n\nReconocemos y agradecemos profundamente\na ACNUR por su liderazgo como Agencia del\nCl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres, as\u00ed\ncomo a los distintos cl\u00fasteres de la arquitectura\nhumanitaria en Venezuela que complementan\nnuestras acciones.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n queremos expresar nuestra gratitud al\nMinisterio del Poder Popular para la Energ\u00eda y al\nViceministerio del Poder Popular para la Gesti\u00f3n\ndel Riesgo y Protecci\u00f3n Civil por su apertura\ny confianza en nuestro trabajo. Asimismo,\nagradecemos al Gobierno de Distrito Capital por\nsu colaboraci\u00f3n constante.\n\n\nPor \u00faltimo, pero no menos importante, queremos\nagradecer a las personas en las comunidades,\nquienes son el coraz\u00f3n de todas nuestras\niniciativas. Su confianza y participaci\u00f3n activa son\nfundamentales para el \u00e9xito de nuestros esfuerzos\nhumanitarios. Gracias a todos por su invaluable\ncontribuci\u00f3n y compromiso con el bienestar de las\ncomunidades afectadas.\n\n\n**\u00a1Gracias!**\n\n\n\n**Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **37**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Cr\u00e9ditos fotogr\u00e1ficos**\n\nPortada Sistema Fotovoltaico (52 paneles solares) ejecutado por ACNUR / FUNDELEC\nDiciembre 2023. ACNUR.\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 2 y 3 Exterior e interior de la rehabilitaci\u00f3n de una Escuela T\u00e9cnica Agropecuaria, estado Zulia.\n\u00a9 ACNUR.\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 4 Construcci\u00f3n de ADONAI Eco- escuela con Prop\u00f3sito Delta del Orinoco, estado Delta\nAmacuro \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Voces Libres / @adonaiecoescuelas/ Nina Hurtado y Samir Aponte\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 6 Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del sistema de riego de la ETA Maurak (durante) \u00a9 TECHO Venezuela2023\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 8 y 9 Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades y equipamiento de espacios de\nalojamiento temporal \u00a9 ACNUR\nEntrega de kits de rehabilitaci\u00f3n de techo en la comunidad de Los Eucaliptos, parroquia\nSan Juan. \u00a9 TECHO Venezuela / Gabriela P\u00e9rez\n\nP\u00e1g. 10 Escuela T\u00e9cnica Agropecuaria, instalacion de paneles solares \u00a9 ACNUR\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 12 Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de los m\u00f3dulos habitacionales de la Escuela t\u00e9cnica agropecuaria\npesquera ind\u00edgena Kanuye A\u00f1u (ETAPI) junto a voluntarios \u00a9 TECHO junio 2023/ TECHO\nVenezuela\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 14 - 15 Taller en Gesti\u00f3n de Alojamiento Temporal junto con IOM. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Adriana Dur\u00e1n\nRHU \u2013 ACNUR\nEntrega de enseres Mujeres ind\u00edgenas \u00a9 Emigdio Filardi\nVivienda Tradicional \u00a9 Emigdio Filardi\nTaller prevenci\u00f3n de riesgos y gesti\u00f3n de desastres protecci\u00f3n civil Zulia \u00a9 Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 16 Protecion civil, Taller prevenci\u00f3n de riesgos y gesti\u00f3n de desastres protecci\u00f3n civil \u00a9\nEmigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 18 Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del sistema de riego de la ETA Maurak (durante), Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del sistema\nde riego de la ETA Maurak, entrega e instalaci\u00f3n de los tanques de 5.500 litros. \u00a9 TECHO\nVenezuela\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 19 Instalaci\u00f3n de paneles solares y sistema de riego \u00a9 TECHO Venezuela\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 20 Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del sistema de riego de la ETA Maurak (durante). \u00a9 TECHO Venezuela\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 21 Instalaci\u00f3n de paneles solares \u00a9 TECHO Venezuela\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 22 y 23 Escuela el Ingenio \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular 2023\nRehabilitaci\u00f3n de cancha deportiva, estado Miranda. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular 2023.\nInstalaci\u00f3n de l\u00e1mparas solares de calle. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular\n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 24 y 25 Comunidad de Punta Manglar participando de tareas de construcci\u00f3n\nDiciembre 2023. \u00a9 ACNUR.\nEdificaci\u00f3n donde se almacenan los equipos fotovoltaicos (bater\u00edas, inversores, planta\nel\u00e9ctrica) la cual fue recuperada por ACNUR / Alcald\u00eda Almirante Padilla. Diciembre 2023.\n\u00a9 ACNUR.\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 26 y 27 Construcci\u00f3n de ADONAI Ecoescuela con Prop\u00f3sito Delta del Orinoco, Instalaci\u00f3n de\ntanque de agua y paneles solares para ADONAI. estado Delta Amacuro. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n\nVoces Libres / @adonaiecoescuelas/ Nina Hurtado.\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 28 y 29 Atenci\u00f3n punto m\u00f3vil, Asistencia en el Punto m\u00f3vil ubicado en la ruta del migrante.\nSeptiembre 2023 \u00a9 Belkis Moreno /OIM\nEntrega de enseres @IOM\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 30 y 31 Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, acondicionamiento y mejora de Espacio Seguro para Mujeres y J\u00f3venes.\nCentro de Formaci\u00f3n Francisco Javier del Vicariato de Puerto Ayacucho - Asociaci\u00f3n\nCivil Nakua De\u2019a. Municipio Atures, Estado Amazonas \u00a9 Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Construyendo\nFuturos / Leonardo Villarino.\nRehabilitaci\u00f3n, acondicionamiento y mejora de Espacio Seguro para Mujeres y J\u00f3venes.\nCentro de Formaci\u00f3n en emprendimiento Teresa Heredia - Sede Elorza. Municipio R\u00f3mulo\nGallegos, Estado Apure \u00a9 Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Construyendo Futuros / Leonardo Villarino.\n\nP\u00e1g. 32 Antes y despu\u00e9s mejoras de Centro de Alojamiento Temporal de Ure\u00f1a y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de\nespacio para atenci\u00f3n psicosocial, estado T\u00e1chira. \u00a9 OIM / Mar\u00eda Barrera\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 34 y 35 Instalaci\u00f3n de l\u00e1mparas solares de calle. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular\nVivienda rural en el Ingenio estado de Miranda \u00a9 Cl\u00faster AEE\nFog\u00f3n de le\u00f1a al interior de una vivienda en el Ingenio Miranda \u00a9 Cl\u00faster AEE\nAsistencia a personas con movilidad reducida, Cat de Ure\u00f1a \u00a9 OIM Belkis Moreno /OIM\nCapacitaci\u00f3n en Fundacion Vivienda Popular. \u00a9 OIM / Mar\u00eda Barrera\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 37 Formaci\u00f3n en gesti\u00f3n de riesgos T\u00e1chira Protecci\u00f3n Civil \u00a9\nVivienda rural en el Ingenio estado de Miranda \u00a9 Cl\u00faster AEE\nConstrucci\u00f3n de ADONAI Ecoescuela con Prop\u00f3sito Delta del Orinoco, estado Delta\nAmacuro. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Voces Libres / @adonaiecoescuelas/ Nina Hurtado\nComunidad ind\u00edgena Dijarukabanoko en el estado Delta Amacuro. \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Voces\nLibres / Nina Hurtado\n\n\nContraportada Rehabilitaci\u00f3n y/o mejora de espacios en la Escuela T\u00e9cnica Agropecuaria \u201cMaurak\u201d. \u00a9\nTECHO Venezuela\n\n\n\n**38** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **Reporte anual 2023 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023 **39**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**40** **Reporte anual 2023-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a478077d-c9af-47d0-970b-77602624d5c7/Cluster%20AEE_Reporte%20Anual%202023_VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_301/raw/doc_301_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_301/raw/doc_301_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0db05c30e010f269493966176bf05b0335e0cfb5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_301/raw/doc_301_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n## APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\n_**De nouvelles \u00e9tapes pour la paix en RDC**_\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, quelques actions entre la R\u00e9publique\nd\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le Rwanda et l\u2019Angola ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprises en\nvue d\u2019un processus de paix dans l\u2019Est du pays :\n\nLe 5 novembre 2024 \u00e0 Goma, sous la m\u00e9diation de l'Angola, les ministres\ndes Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la RDC et du Rwanda ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au lancement\nofficiel du \u00ab M\u00e9canisme de v\u00e9rification Adhoc renforc\u00e9 \u00bb (MVA-R) pour\nsurveiller la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans l\u2019est de la RDC. A noter que le MVA-R\nest mis en place dans le cadre des n\u00e9gociations entre Congolais et Rwandais\ndites du \u00ab Processus de Luanda \u00bb, pour garantir le respect du cessez-le-feu\net d\u00e9tecter les violations entre le Rwanda et la RDC.\n\nLe 23 novembre 2024, la Repr\u00e9sentante sp\u00e9ciale du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des\nNations Unies en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et Cheffe de la\nMission de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation en RDC\n(MONUSCO) a sign\u00e9 avec le ministre angolais des Affaires ext\u00e9rieures un\nprotocole d\u2019accord de soutien de la MONUSCO au M\u00e9canisme de v\u00e9rification\nad hoc renforc\u00e9 (MVA-R). Accord qui pr\u00e9voit, dans le cadre du cessez-le-feu\nen vigueur depuis le 4 ao\u00fbt 2024, le partage d\u2019informations et des rapports\nde terrain.\n\nLes ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la RDC, du Rwanda et de l\u2019Angola\nse sont r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Luanda (Angola) le 25 novembre 2024 dans la cadre du\nprocessus de paix dans l\u2019Est de la RDC et ont adopt\u00e9 un \u00ab concept\nd\u2019op\u00e9rations \u00bb (CONOPs) qui devrait fixer les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019un \u00e9ventuel\nd\u00e9sengagement des troupes rwandaises pr\u00e9sentes dans le territoire\ncongolais et \u00e0 terme ramener la paix entre les deux pays voisins.\n\n_**Poursuite des violations et abus des droits humains dans les provinces de l\u2019Est et**_\n_**dans l\u2019Ouest de la RDC**_\n\n- En marge de tous ces efforts pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment cit\u00e9s, au courant du mois\nde novembre 2024, les syst\u00e8mes de monitoring de protection ont\nrapport\u00e9 environ **7 739** violations/abus des droits humains qui concernent\npr\u00e8s de **21 332** victimes, respectivement et principalement dans les\nprovinces du Sud Kivu, de l\u2019Ituri, du Nord Kivu, du Kasa\u00ef, de Tanganyika.\n\n\n\n\n- Dans la **province d\u2019Ituri**, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 une accalmie qui se mat\u00e9rialise\npar une r\u00e9duction du nombre d\u2019incursions, attaques et embuscades des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO et du Za\u00efre dans les territoires de\nDjugu et Mahagi contrairement aux mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. Mais dans\ncertaines zones de sant\u00e9 du territoire d\u2019Irumu et dans les zones de sant\u00e9\nen territoire de Mambasa, les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la protection des civils ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n- En d\u00e9pit du cessez-le feu, la province du **Nord Kivu** connait des reprises\nd\u2019attaques et embuscades attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF,\nnotamment dans la zone d\u2019Oicha, et la poursuite des affrontements entre\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) et d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s\net les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC), notamment dans les territoires de Masisi, Rutshuru ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nLubero, territoire vers lequel une avanc\u00e9e significative du M23 se\nressent.\n\n- La province du **Sud Kivu** continue de subir l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s\nqui augmente l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines localit\u00e9s et entraine de\nnombreux d\u00e9placements et violations et abus des droits humains \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple de coups et blessures, extorsions de biens des civils, travaux\nforc\u00e9s\u2026\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, les situations s\u00e9curitaires et de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es d\u2019une part par la poursuite des conflits\nintercommunautaires Twa/Bantu dans le territoire de Nyunzu, d\u2019autre\npart l'activisme des miliciens Twa et Bantu, pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs d\u2019abus des\ndroits humains \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la population civile.\n\n- Une importante criminalit\u00e9 persiste dans les provinces du **Kasa\u00ef et Kasa\u00ef**\noriental ainsi que des tensions sociales alors que dans la province du\n**Kasa\u00ef Central** des conflits intercommunautaires perdurent dans les\nterritoires de Dimbelenge, Luiza et Dibaya.\n\n- Les miliciens Mobondos sont toujours actifs dans les provinces de **Ma\u00ef-**\n**Ndomb\u00e9, Kwango, Kwilu** et **Kinshasa** o\u00f9 des extorsions des biens,\ntaxes ill\u00e9gales, arrestations arbitraires, d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales et pillage sont\ncommis par ceux-ci ou par les militaires d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es sur les lieux.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024** **Aper\u00e7u des violations et abus des droits pour novembre 2024**\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Province de l'ITURI**\n\n\n**Province de Haut-Uele**\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _en_ _Ituri_ _et_ _Haut_ _Uele._\n\n\n\nEntre octobre et novembre 2024, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 une diminution des cas de\nviolations et abus des droits humains d\u2019environ 12%. Cette baisse pourrait\nse justifier, d\u2019une part par les multiples sensibilisations des leaders\ncommunautaires sur les messages de paix, de cohabitation pacifique et de\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale entres les communaut\u00e9s et, d\u2019autre part par la pr\u00e9sence de\nmilitaires des Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC), dans certaines zones de sant\u00e9, qui aurait r\u00e9duit sensiblement les\nincursions des combattants des groupes arm\u00e9s CODECO et Za\u00efre.\n\n**ARU**\n\n- Une rencontre diplomatique entre les autorit\u00e9s Congolaises et\nOugandaises a eu lieu du 07 au 08 novembre 2024 en Ouganda sur\n\n\n1 Rapports du monitoring de protection, UNHCR & INTERSOS et diverses alertes, notes et\nFlash info re\u00e7us en novembre 2024\n\n\n\nplusieurs pr\u00e9occupations s\u00e9curitaires transfrontali\u00e8res, au terme de\nlaquelle des r\u00e9solutions finales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises, dont : privil\u00e9gier les\nr\u00e9solutions locales aux probl\u00e8mes locaux dans la gestion des probl\u00e8mes\net pr\u00e9occupations s\u00e9curitaires transfrontali\u00e8res ; renforcer la\ncollaboration et la coordination entre les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et entre les\nautorit\u00e9s dans la s\u00e9curisation des fronti\u00e8res et entit\u00e9s.\n\n- Une \u00e9valuation effectu\u00e9e au cours de la 3 [e ] semaine de la p\u00e9riode par un\nacteur humanitaire a ressorti que de nombreux villages frontaliers avec\nle Sud Soudan seraient touch\u00e9s par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 des acteurs arm\u00e9s\n\u00e9trangers. [2]\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- 49% des violations ou abus des droits humains de la province sont\nsignal\u00e9s \u00e0 Djugu qui a tout de m\u00eame connu une p\u00e9riode relativement\ncalme.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC et Za\u00efre auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nauteurs d\u2019abus de droits humains lors des incursions/embuscades, dans\nles zones de sant\u00e9 de Rethy, Bambu, Nizi, Fataki, Mangala, et Linga :\narrestations arbitraires, coups et blessures, extorsions, pillages,\nhomicides, extorsions\u2026\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 22 novembre 2024, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient fait une incursion dans la localit\u00e9 Tchele,\ngroupement Tchele, chefferie de Ndoo-Kebo, en zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMangala au cours de laquelle ils auraient tu\u00e9 par balles 02 hommes\nretourn\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s, bless\u00e9 par balles 05 hommes retourn\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s,\nincendi\u00e9 08 maisons et pill\u00e9 05 m\u00e9nages.\n\n- Dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Tchomia, des sources locales renseignent\nsur des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC qui seraient auteur\nde violation grave contre les enfants \u00e0 travers l\u2019occupation d\u2019une des\n\u00e9coles primaires o\u00f9 ils auraient l\u2019intention d\u2019installer leur campement.\n\n\n[2 https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-](http://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-)\nhumanitaire-dans-la-province-de-lituri-rapport-de-situation-no12-le-13-decembre-2024\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Avec plus de 20% des violations et abus des droits humaines enregistr\u00e9s\ndans la province, l\u2019un des faits majeurs de la p\u00e9riode est l\u2019incursion\nd\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF dans la localit\u00e9 de Mukatu, zone de sant\u00e9 de Gety, en\nd\u00e9but de mois. Au cours de cette incursion, deux personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9es, plusieurs biens pill\u00e9s, une somme d\u2019argent emport\u00e9e, 104\nmaisons et une \u00e9glise ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es, 158 personnes enlev\u00e9es.\nToutes les victimes seraient des personnes retourn\u00e9es spontan\u00e9es dans\nla zone depuis juillet 2023.\n\nCette situation aurait contraint environ 971 m\u00e9nages de la population de\nMukatu \u00e0 faire le d\u00e9placement dans des localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es dans le\ngroupement Bamiuko et dans le groupement de Bukiringi, zone de sant\u00e9\nde Gety.\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Un calme relatif a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la\npr\u00e9sence des militaires des FARDC qui assurent une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et une\nprotection dans le territoire.\n\nToutefois, le territoire est le 3 [e ] avec pr\u00e8s de 20% des violations/abus des\ndroits humains rapport\u00e9s dans la province, dans les zones de sant\u00e9 \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple de celles de Kambala, Logo et Angumu o\u00f9 des cas de travaux\nforc\u00e9s, d\u2019arrestations, extorsions, cambriolages \u00e9maill\u00e9s de coups et\nblessures, pillages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et imput\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC.\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 02 novembre 2024, 18 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de leurs biens (marchandises, t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et sommes\nd\u2019argents) par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC lors\nd\u2019une embuscade tendue sur la route du march\u00e9 au bord du lac plus\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au niveau de la localit\u00e9 de Thezii, dans le groupement\nRuvinga, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Logo.\n\nEn outre, le 19 novembre, plus de 100 retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints\n\u00e0 des travaux champ\u00eatres pour le compte d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s dans l\u2019aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Katanga (zone de sant\u00e9 de Kambala).\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits humains en novembre 2024|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires **
|
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
Violations
graves
contre les
enfants
All\u00e9gations
VBG
**Total **|**% **|\n|
**Beni **|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|\n|**Goma **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|\n|**Lubero **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|\n|**Masisi **|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|\n|**Nyiragongo **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|\n|**Rutshuru **|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|\n|**Walikale **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|\n|**Total **|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Nord-Kivu._\n\n- Comparativement au mois d\u2019octobre, une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse des\nviolations/abus des droits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e en novembre 2024.\n\n- Les territoires de Masisi, Beni, Rutshuru, Lubero sont respectivement les\nplus atteints par les violations et/ou abus des droits humains avec\nmajoritairement des violations/abus du droits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (extorsions\nde biens, pillages), du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et\nblessures, homicides), le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (enl\u00e8vements, travaux forc\u00e9s)\net les all\u00e9gations de VBG (viols, agressions sexuelles) suivi d\u2019all\u00e9gations\nde violations graves contre les enfants (violences sexuelles faites aux\nenfants, recrutement et utilisation d'enfants).\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Apr\u00e8s une relative accalmie de deux mois, des attaques et embuscades\nattribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF ont repris notamment dans la\nzone d\u2019Oicha.\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Dans les environs de la commune rurale de Mangina, un groupe\nd'hommes arm\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant des chasseurs s'attaque aux\nagriculteurs, pillant notamment leurs r\u00e9coltes de cacao. Ces attaques\nconstituent une menace suppl\u00e9mentaire pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des populations\nlocales et leurs moyens de subsistance.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 10 homicides et 06\nenl\u00e8vements lors d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es du 24 au 26\nnovembre sur la route Mbau-Kamango et sur la route la route EringetiKainama. Cet incident aurait pouss\u00e9 18 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement vers\nEringeti.\n\n- Les engins explosifs de guerre exposent les civils \u00e0 un risque permanent\nd'explosion dans certaines zones de combats. Le 8 novembre, un engin\nexplosif de guerre aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert par des agriculteurs dans un\nchamp du village de Kinyambaore (groupement de Malambo). \u00c0 la m\u00eame\ndate, un autre engin explosif aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du village de\nMwenda (groupement de Bolema).\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 le cessez-le-feu, des affrontements ont eu lieu au sud de Lubero\nentre un groupe arm\u00e9, d'autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC,\nnotamment sur l'axe Kirumba-Kikuvo. Ces violences ont entra\u00een\u00e9 de\nnouveaux d\u00e9placements de populations, aggravant les besoins\nhumanitaires.\n\n- Des violations des droits de l\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans des zones en\nconflits de Lub\u00e9ro, o\u00f9, \u00e0 partir du 21 novembre, des salles de classes ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9es au village de Mathiha, entrainant ainsi l\u2019interruption des\nactivit\u00e9s scolaires et exposant les enfants \u00e0 des violences, des\nrecrutements ou utilisations par les forces arm\u00e9es. En d\u00e9pit du plaidoyer\nfait, certaines classes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es mais sont toujours occup\u00e9es en\nsoir\u00e9e.\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Les affrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 et la coalition\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s se poursuivent dans plusieurs zones du territoire,\nentrainant des violations et abus graves des droits humains, notamment\n\u00e0 l'encontre des civils et de leurs biens.\n\n\n\n\n- En outre, de graves repr\u00e9sailles envers la population civile sont\nrapport\u00e9es, les bellig\u00e9rants justifiant ces actes par des accusations de\ncollusion avec des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux.\n\n- Des combats se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s au cours de la 3 [e ] semaine du mois sur les\ncollines surplombant la cit\u00e9 de Sake avec utilisation d'armes lourdes ;\ndes obus tomb\u00e9s dans des zones habit\u00e9es ont caus\u00e9 des pertes et des\ntraumatismes parmi les populations civiles.\n\n- Par ailleurs, un groupe arm\u00e9 interdit aux personnes pr\u00e9sentes dans ses\nzones de contr\u00f4le de retourner dans leurs zones d\u2019origine, entravant\nainsi leur libert\u00e9 de mouvement avec comme risque l\u2019aggravation des\nabus et souffrances dans la r\u00e9gion. A titre d\u2019exemple, entre le 23 au 27\nnovembre, 43 chefs de m\u00e9nage \u00e0 la recherche de vivres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nbloqu\u00e9s dans les zones de Bitonga, Ngendje et Bikumba par ce groupe\narm\u00e9.\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- En chefferie de Bwito, les affrontements se poursuivent entre deux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Ces affrontements continuent d'avoir un impact n\u00e9gatif\nsur la protection des civils et provoquent des d\u00e9placements de\npopulations, exacerbant la situation humanitaire dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n- Des recrutements d\u2019enfants retourn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans des\nlocalit\u00e9s a l\u2019exemple de Bambo ; ces enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour\npercevoir des taxes ill\u00e9gales aux barri\u00e8res install\u00e9es dans la zone.\n\n- L\u2019usage d\u2019engin explosif de guerre continue de faire des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts parmi les\ncivils. A titre illustratif, le 10 novembre, 02 cas de mort dues \u00e0 l\u2019explosion\nd\u2019engins explosif ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans le village de Mugwata.\n\n- Dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les affrontements, les civils continuent de\nsubir des repr\u00e9sailles, souvent accus\u00e9s \u00e0 tort de collaborer avec des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s rivaux.\n\nDes civils accus\u00e9s de soutenir des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux oppos\u00e9s ont vu\nleurs maisons d\u00e9truites par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. De m\u00eame,\npour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDIs), le fait de rester longtemps\nen d\u00e9placement serait per\u00e7u comme un soutien aux groupes armes\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nrivaux ; plus de 161 maisons abandonn\u00e9es par les PDIs et retourn\u00e9s ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites, pill\u00e9es, des \u00e9levages emport\u00e9s.\n\n- Les \u00e9coles sont \u00e9galement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des occupations ou destructions\npar des groupes arm\u00e9s.\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 23 novembre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\nauraient occup\u00e9 une \u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion. Ils auraient d\u00e9truit 18 pupitres,\nutilis\u00e9s ensuite comme bois de chauffage. Cette situation pourrait\nentrainer la d\u00e9scolarisation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et l\u2019exposition de ces derniers \u00e0\ndiverses formes d\u2019exploitations.\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- Au nord de Nyiragongo, des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre un\ngroupe arm\u00e9, divers groupes arm\u00e9s, et les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) apr\u00e8s environ deux mois\nd'accalmie relative.\n\nParall\u00e8lement, la criminalit\u00e9 urbaine persiste \u00e0 Goma et Nyiragongo,\navec des cons\u00e9quences graves pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection des civils.\nDes meurtres de civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et des coups et blessures, des\nextorsions, ainsi que des pillages de biens, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\ndans les sites de PDIs autour de Goma.\n\n- Des violations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9es. A titre d\u2019illustration, une PDI a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par deux hommes\narm\u00e9s lors d\u2019une incursion du site de Mudja le 13 novembre.\n\n- Il demeure que les positions militaires autour des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0\nNyiragongo et \u00e0 Goma constituent toujours un risque permanent pour la\nprotection des populations qui sont victimes de blessures par balles,\nhomicides, taxes ill\u00e9gales aux barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es dans la zone.\n\n- Des acteurs humanitaires ont d\u00fb restreindre les activit\u00e9s dans des sites\nen raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans des axes, dont l\u2019axe Kanyaruchinya \u2013 Kibati\nou des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre les FARDC et un groupe\narm\u00e9 les 21 et 22 novembre 2024.\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits humains en novembre 2024|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires **
|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
Violations
graves
contre es
enfants
All\u00e9gations
VBG|**Total **|**% **|\n|**Fizi **|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|\n|**Kalehe **|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|\n|**Uvira **|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|\n|**Shabunda **|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|\n|**Mwenga **|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|\n|**Walungu **|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|\n|**Total **|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Sud-Kivu._\n\nUne baisse des cas de violations/abus des droits humains de plus 8% a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9e par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre 2024. Cette augmentation pourrait\n\u00eatre due \u00e0 l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s qui seraient auteurs d\u2019abus de\nviolations de droits humains.\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Dans la premi\u00e8re partie de la p\u00e9riode, des cas de viols all\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u00e0 des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans le territoire. L\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre\nillustratif, 01 cas de viol survenu le 8 novembre au village Nyawaronga\nainsi que 02 autres cas le 11 novembre, au village Chambombo.\n\n- Des embuscades et enl\u00e8vements, homicides, arrestations arbitraires,\nextorsions de biens des civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9s. Par exemple,\nles sources locales ont rapport\u00e9 3 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une des factions d\u2019un certain groupe arm\u00e9 le 8 novembre\ndans le village Chikoma situ\u00e9 dans le groupement Kalonge. Les victimes\nseraient toutes des PDIs.\n\n- Tout comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, le nombre le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de la province\npour des all\u00e9gations de violations graves contre des enfants en situation\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nde conflit arm\u00e9 se trouve dans le territoire de Kalehe avec 28 cas sur 92\nrapport\u00e9s.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, 05 cas de violations graves contre des enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s le 11 novembre dans le village Kalomba situ\u00e9 dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Minova. En effet, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 05 enfants parmi lesquels 03 filles et 02\ngar\u00e7ons. Les filles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es et les gar\u00e7ons tortur\u00e9s avant d\u2019\u00eatre\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9s le lendemain. Les survivantes de viol auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 orient\u00e9es vers\nun centre de sant\u00e9 au village Kisongati faute de structure sanitaire \u00e0\nKalomba.\n\n- Plusieurs violations des droits humains sont all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux FARDC et\naux Wazalendo au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue. 01 homicide all\u00e9gu\u00e9\naux Wazalendo a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 le 18 novembre au village\nMweha/Kitalimwa et d\u2019autres cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civils et d\u2019extorsions\nde biens.\n\nConcernant les militaires FARDC, 04 cas de coups et blessures leurs ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s le 18 novembre au village Rutchunda.\n\nLes FARDC auraient aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de 02 cas d\u2019arrestations\narbitraires le 09 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Minova centre. Les victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9es le lendemain moyennant paiement de 100.000 FC.\n\n- La situation de protection a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e dans le territoire par\nl\u2019activisme d\u2019autres acteurs arm\u00e9s responsables de plusieurs cas\nd\u2019extorsion, tueries, arrestations arbitraires et divers actes d\u2019extorsion\ndes biens endeuillant et d\u00e9solants les populations civiles. Au village\nBunyesi, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de Tchigoma, le 8 novembre, un homme r\u00e9sident\nqui revenait du village Karasi, serait tomb\u00e9 dans une embuscade tendue\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une faction d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 et aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tortur\u00e9 et\nd\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9 de ses biens avant d\u2019\u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les premi\u00e8res heures\nde la journ\u00e9e du 9 novembre.\n\n- Il sied de noter qu\u2019en dehors des conflits, les pluies diluviennes\naccompagn\u00e9es d\u2019inondations, \u00e9rosions ont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 les\npopulations au mois de novembre. Dans le groupement Mbinga-nord,\nune pluie occasionnant des \u00e9rosions aurait caus\u00e9 au moins 10 d\u00e9c\u00e8s, la\n\n\n\ndestruction d\u2019une trentaine d\u2019habitations ainsi que des champs et des\nr\u00e9coltes du 22 au 23 novembre dans la localit\u00e9 de Nkubi.\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n- Les affrontements entre des groupes arm\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 d\u2019entrainer des\nmouvements de populations.\n\n940 m\u00e9nages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en trois semaines \u00e0 la suite\nd\u2019affrontements.\n\nEnvirons 415 m\u00e9nages de 2.075 personnes en provenance des villages\nBilungulu, Banga, Katida, Kashindaba auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints d\u2019effectuer\nun d\u00e9placement en raison des affrontements entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s\nle 9 et le 12 novembre. Ces m\u00e9nages auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans les\nvillages Bandakila, Ibakyelo, Mwirama et Buhamba au nord-est de\nMwenga.\n\nDu 17 au 19 novembre, environ 534 m\u00e9nages de 2.670 personnes se\nseraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s des villages Ngingu, Ishungwe, au nord-est de\nMwenga et Tabunde, au sud de Mwenga vers un certain nombre de\nvillages dans les groupements de Mukangala, de Ntondo, Malingi et\nBasimunyaka.\n\n- Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient attaqu\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire de\nKitiva le 11 novembre et auraient enlev\u00e9 03 enseignants dont le sort reste\nm\u00e9connu.\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par un activisme accru de groupes arm\u00e9s, qui\nsont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement accus\u00e9s, entre autres, de commission d\u2019actes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019homicides, d\u2019extorsion des biens des civils et de viols\nsur des femmes et des filles.\n\n\nDans les groupements de Basimunyaka-sud, Balala-nord et Basilocha\ndes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Gumino-Twigwaneho auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables\nde 03 cas de viols, 08 cas de travaux forc\u00e9s et de 05 extorsions le 10 et\nle 11 novembre.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nDes affrontements entre deux factions du groupe arm\u00e9 Mai-Mai le 11\nd\u00e9cembre dans le village Lwiko (groupement Bahutchwe) auraient caus\u00e9\ndes abus des droits humains, dont 01 homicide et 07 enl\u00e8vements.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Tanganyika._\n\n\n\nUne augmentation de pr\u00e8s de 16% des cas de violations et abus des droits\nhumains a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e entre les mois d\u2019octobre et novembre 2024. Cette\naugmentation pourrait \u00eatre due \u00e0 la poursuite des conflits\nintercommunautaires Twa/Bantu dans le territoire de Nyunzu ; situation qui\nse ressent par une augmentation de 91% des cas entre les deux p\u00e9riodes\ndans ce territoire.\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- Les situations s\u00e9curitaires et de protection dans le territoire de Kalemie\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement affect\u00e9es par l'activisme des miliciens Twa et\nBantu, pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs d\u2019abus des droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux de\nla population civile.\n\nPlusieurs abus des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re\nr\u00e9p\u00e9titive \u00e0 l'encontre de la population civile par les milices mixtes sur\ndiff\u00e9rents axes, tels que l'axe de Nyunzu, l'axe Lukombe, axe Kongolo et\ncelui de Kabimba.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, sur l\u2019axe Nyunzu, au cours de la soir\u00e9e du 19\nnovembre, sur la route Kalemie-Nyunzu, un braquage a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis sur\n13 motards et plusieurs commer\u00e7ants en route vers le site de distribution\nde cash organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Benze par un acteur humanitaire. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9\ndes coups et blessures graves ainsi que des vols de biens de valeur tels\n\n\n\nque 100 t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables neufs destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la vente, 3.000.000 FC et\n310$. 4 motards ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints au transport des butins issus de\npillages avant qu\u2019ils soient rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s plus tard.\n\nEn outre, 3 femmes en provenance de Nyemba pour y percevoir\nl'assistance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement par des bandits inconnus\nentre les villages Ngandu et Miala, situ\u00e9s dans le groupement Kalumbi,\nchefferie Tumbwe, aire de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba.\n\n- L\u2019attaque d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 contre les FARDC le 16 novembre au village\nKantenta, dans le groupement Kamena a entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement des\nhabitants de ce village vers la brousse et ceux-ci sollicitaient l'implication\ndes autorit\u00e9s et le service de d\u00e9fenses. Il y a eu aussi un mouvement de\n200 m\u00e9nages des villages Kabunga et Kizube vers Kawama o\u00f9 ils\npassaient la nuit \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile et les autres dans les familles d'accueil\net les \u00e9glises.\n\n- Sur l\u2019axe Bandera des actes de banditisme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple du village Manyanga o\u00f9 les habitants de ces villages\nsollicitaient l'implication des autorit\u00e9s et des services concern\u00e9s pour\nd\u00e9courager ces habitudes.\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n- L\u2019on note la poursuite de conflits intercommunautaires entre les Twa et\nBantu en d\u00e9pit de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la situation de protection \u00e0 la suite\ndes op\u00e9rations de traques de groupes arm\u00e9s et des efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par\nles autorit\u00e9s avec l\u2019appui des acteurs humanitaire pour renforcer la\ncohabitation pacifique entre les communaut\u00e9s Twa et Bantu.\n\n- En outre, depuis la mort d\u2019un leader Twa en octobre 2024, une psychose\nr\u00e8gne sur l\u2019axe Nord avec un mouvement pr\u00e9ventif de la population du\nvillage Kilwa 1, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un champ de bataille des miliciens,\nvers le site de Kalombo.\n\nCette situation continue d\u2019impacter n\u00e9gativement une partie de l\u2019axe\nnord. A Mukundi par exemple, dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Mukundi, zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Nyunzu, un pillage d\u2019un camion de commer\u00e7ants a \u00e9t\u00e9\norchestr\u00e9 pr\u00e8s du village Mubimbe le 17 novembre causant ainsi la mort\nde deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC et entrainant aussi un mouvement pr\u00e9ventif\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nde la population vers le village Musebe o\u00f9 se trouve les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nFARDC.\n\n- D\u2019autre part, dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, dans une carri\u00e8re autour\ndu village Mukondo, un mouvement de population vers Kisengo et les\nvillages environnants \u00e9tait signal\u00e9 le 18 novembre 2024 \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une\nincursion d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments miliciens Twa. Cette situation a touch\u00e9 non\nseulement l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, mais aussi les autres aires de\nsant\u00e9 de la zone notamment Kankwala, Kalima, Kilunga, Kampulu et\nMukundi. De ce fait, plusieurs cas d\u2019extorsions de biens et de pillages\nsont signal\u00e9s sur cet axe.\n\n\n### PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASA\u00cf ORIENTAL, KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n**Province du KASA\u00cf**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _les_ _provinces_ _du_\n_Kasa\u00ef._\n\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n - En novembre, une augmentation des cas de violations/abus des droits\nhumains a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre au cours duquel\n848 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, soit une hausse de 14.2% repr\u00e9sentant 141\ncas.\n\n - Au titre de violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, la majorit\u00e9 des\ncas de coups et blessures sont \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 l\u2019actif de la population civile et\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\ndes bandits, tandis que les FARDC et la PNC sont incrimin\u00e9s dans 5 cas\nde torture et traitements inhumains.\n\nEn outre, le recouvrement forc\u00e9 de la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de recettes du\nKasa\u00ef aurait connu de d\u00e9bordements. Les assujettis d\u00e9crient la m\u00e9thode\nutilis\u00e9e par les agents de ce service, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019on compterait d\u00e9j\u00e0\nplusieurs accidents et m\u00eame des d\u00e9c\u00e8s caus\u00e9s par le fil \u00e0 corde qu\u2019ils\nutilisent pour stopper les motards. A titre d\u2019exemple, environ 6 accidents\net un d\u00e9c\u00e8s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s le 19 novembre\n\n- Les all\u00e9gations de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre repr\u00e9sentent 28.2% des\ncas, soit 279 cas.\n\nIl importe de noter que le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre de pouvoir et de genre est \u00e0 la\nbase des cas de VBG enregistr\u00e9s, notamment les viols dont les victimes\nsont majoritairement des mineures, les agressions sexuelles, les\nmariages forc\u00e9s, etc.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, 19 cas de mariage d\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s et sont\nloin de refl\u00e9ter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que ces pratiques sont peu\nd\u00e9nonc\u00e9es. Il est important que la notion relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de la\nmajorit\u00e9 soit bien connue et bien comprise au sein des communaut\u00e9s, y\ncompris les lois qui s\u2019y rapportent en relation avec les violences\nsexuelles. Cela pourrait contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le taux de viol sur les\nmineurs, mais aussi celui des mariages forc\u00e9s qui sont \u00e9galement\nr\u00e9currents surtout en milieu rural.\n\n- Quant aux violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 220 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s\navec une forte pr\u00e9dominance des cas de taxes ill\u00e9gales (108 cas) et\nd\u2019extorsions des biens (98 cas). Ces violations des droits humains sont\nmajoritairement perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es au niveau des diff\u00e9rents postes de contr\u00f4le\ninstall\u00e9s sur diff\u00e9rents axes dans la province du Kasa\u00ef, mais aussi lors\ndes diff\u00e9rents braquages et cambriolages et, dans une certaine mesure,\ndans le contexte des expulsions de Congolais de l\u2019Angola. Les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales, la PNC et les FARDC ainsi que les auteurs non identifi\u00e9s sont\nrespectivement les principaux auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de ces violations/abus.\n\n- Le nombre de violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 important (145\ncas, soit 14.6%), notamment des cas d\u2019arrestation arbitraire/d\u00e9tention\nill\u00e9gale perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s essentiellement par la PNC (106 cas/132). 12 cas\n\n\n\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements ou disparitions forc\u00e9es ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\nCes enl\u00e8vements ont essentiellement affect\u00e9 les enfants (5 filles et 6\ngar\u00e7ons). Des personnes non autrement identifi\u00e9es constituent les\nauteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de ces enl\u00e8vements.\n\n- Dans la ville de **Tshikapa**, deux enfants de 9 et 10 ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ngri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9s par l\u2019explosion d\u2019une grenade qu\u2019ils avaient\nramass\u00e9e \u00e0 Dibumba. Cet incident est venu rappeler que la province du\nKasa\u00ef et la ville de Tshikapa ne sont pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9s de la probl\u00e9matique\ndes restes explosifs de guerre (REG). D\u2019autres incidents de ce genre ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment dans cette province.\n\n**Kamako**\n\n- La cit\u00e9 de **Kamako** semble faire face \u00e9galement \u00e0 une recrudescence de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les commer\u00e7ants transfrontaliers et les agents des services\nde l\u2019Etat \u0153uvrant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re semblent constituer la principale cible des\nmalfrats. A titre d\u2019illustration, le 02 novembre, alors qu\u2019il revenait de la\nfronti\u00e8re, le receveur ad int\u00e9rim de la DGDA/Kamako a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par\ndes hommes non autrement identifi\u00e9s, munis des machettes et autres\narmes blanches. La victime a re\u00e7u un coup de machette au bras droit,\nmais a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper. Depuis cet incident, tous les agents de l\u2019Etat\ntravaillant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de s\u2019y rendre d\u00e9sormais en convoi.\n\n- Des cas d\u2019expulsion de Congolais de l\u2019Angola ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au\nposte frontalier de Kamako. Au total, 464 expuls\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s\npar la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Migrations (DGM) (374 hommes, 63\nfemmes et 27 enfants dont 19 gar\u00e7ons et 8 filles).\n\n**KASAI Oriental**\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire au Kasa\u00ef-Oriental, notamment dans le territoire\nde Kabeya Kamuanga et la ville de Mbujimayi, s\u2019est d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e,\nexacerbant les tensions sociales et les violations des droits humains.\n\n- En mati\u00e8re de protection, 494 violations des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9es durant ce mois, r\u00e9parties entre Kabeya Kamuanga (202\ncas), Tshilenge (168 cas) et Mbujimayi (124 cas).\n\n- \u00c0 **Kabeya Kamuanga**, les violations intentionnelles et quasi\ninstitutionnalis\u00e9es des droits humains, ainsi que le harc\u00e8lement des\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nd\u00e9fenseurs des droits, sont monnaie courante, particuli\u00e8rement dans la\ncommune rurale de Lac Munkamba. Les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\nsubissent des pressions croissantes des autorit\u00e9s administratives et\nmilitaro-polici\u00e8res locales.\n\nParall\u00e8lement, des conflits li\u00e9s au pouvoir coutumier opposent\nviolemment des clans dans les groupements de Bakua Kashila 3 et\nBakua Lonji. Ces luttes ont caus\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de populations\net des pertes humaines, notamment trois d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 Bakua Lonji.\n\n\n- \u00c0 **Mbujimayi,** une recrudescence du banditisme juv\u00e9nile dans les\ncommunes de Diulu et Bipemba a conduit \u00e0 des affrontements, causant\ndes blessures graves et un meurtre.\nDans la commune de la Muya, le meurtre d\u2019un homme par un \u00ab homme\nfort \u00bb local, sous pr\u00e9texte d\u2019une moquerie, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 des violences\ndans le quartier Kajiba, entra\u00eenant des destructions de maisons et des\naffrontements inter-familiaux.\n\u00c0 Bipemba, une seconde vague de d\u00e9molitions autour de l\u2019a\u00e9roport a\ncaus\u00e9 la panique, tandis que les victimes de la premi\u00e8re vague vivent\ntoujours dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires.\n\n**KASAI Central**\n\n- La province du Kasa\u00ef Central a \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de tensions g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es,\navec des pr\u00e9occupations majeures dans les territoires de Dimbelenge,\nLuiza et Dibaya, o\u00f9 des conflits intercommunautaires et des violations\ndes droits humains se multiplient.\n\nDans le territoire de Dimbelenge, au secteur de Lubi, un conflit persistant\nentre les communaut\u00e9s Bakua Mayi et Bakua Tshiya a contraint le\ngouvernement provincial \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC pour\nr\u00e9tablir l\u2019ordre public. Cependant, ces militaires proc\u00e8dent aux\npr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s sur les biens des populations locales, accompagn\u00e9s\nde repr\u00e9sailles s\u00e9v\u00e8res en cas de r\u00e9sistance.\n\nDans le territoire de Luiza, un conflit foncier opposant les villages\nNtumina et Ngonya s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9, engendrant des violences qui se sont\npropag\u00e9es aux villages voisins, causant plusieurs pertes humaines.\n\n\n\n\n\nDans le territoire de Dibaya, le d\u00e9clin de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a favoris\u00e9 une\naugmentation des cas de justices populaires. La r\u00e9sidence d\u2019un infirmier\ndans le secteur Kasangidi a \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9e par des membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9, l\u2019accusant de d\u00e9tournement de fonds destin\u00e9s au centre\nde sant\u00e9 local.\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 ce contexte difficile, des efforts significatifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en\nmati\u00e8re de protection. Sur 389 violations des droits humains\ndocument\u00e9es \u00e0 travers les territoires de Demba, Dibaya, Kazumba,\nLuiza, Kananga et Dimbelenge, 307 cas (78,9 %), ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un suivi\npour att\u00e9nuer leurs effets ou emp\u00eacher leur r\u00e9currence. Bien que ces\ninterventions montrent un engagement notable, la situation reste\nalarmante et appelle \u00e0 une mobilisation accrue pour garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net les droits des populations vuln\u00e9rables .\n\n### PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9
Kenge 3|Col2|Violation Violation du
du droit \u00e0 droit \u00e0 la vie
la et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physique
Province du KWANGO
44 13|Col4|Allegations
VBG
20|Total
80|%
58|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Popokabaka **|0|28|15|14|
**57**|
**42**|\n|**Total Kwango **
**Bagata **|**3 **
8|**72**
Province du
83|**28**
KWILU
3|**34**
1|
**137**
**95**|
**42**
|\n|**Bandundu **|36|94|0|0|
**130**|**58**|\n|**Total Kwilu **
**Kwamouth **|**44**
**177**
PROVINCE DU M
0
36|**44**
**177**
PROVINCE DU M
0
36|**3 **
AI-NDOMBE
27|**1 **
4|
**225**
**67**|**100**|\n|**Total Mai-Ndombe **
**Maluku 2 **|**0 **
7|**36**
**27**
KINSHASA
30
29|**36**
**27**
KINSHASA
30
29|**4 **
20|
**67**
**86**|
**100**|\n|**Total Kinshasa **|**7 **|**30**|**29**|**20**|
**86**||\n|**Grand total **|
**54**|
**315**|
**87**|
**59**|
**515**||\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la situation de protection dans les zones\ncouvertes par les activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de\nBandundu est fortement marqu\u00e9e par les exactions commises par les\nmiliciens Mobondo, ainsi que les tracasseries et autres violations\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les militaires dont les unit\u00e9s y sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pour contrer\nles activit\u00e9s des miliciens et r\u00e9tablir l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat. Fort\nmalheureusement, ces militaires proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des extorsions des biens,\ntaxes ill\u00e9gales, arrestations arbitraires, d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales et pillage.\n\n- Dans les zones non contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les FARDC, ce sont les miliciens\nMobondos qui se livrent aux m\u00eames exactions sur la population. Dans\nles secteurs de Bukanga Lonzo (territoire de Kenge) et Lufuna et\nPopokabaka (territoires de Popokabaka), la population civile est prise en\n\u00e9tau entre les exactions des miliciens et celle des hommes en uniformes.\n\n- C\u2019est dans ce contexte que 515 violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es contre\n532 en octobre, soit une l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9duction de 17 cas (3.1%). Cela est d\u00fb\n\u00e0 une relative baisse des attaques observ\u00e9e dans le territoire de\nKwamouth et la commune rurale de Maluku en comparaison avec le mois\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.\n\n- Plusieurs mouvements de populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s aussi bien\ndans les territoires de Popokabaka que ceux de Kenge, Kwamouth et\nBagata a la suite d\u2019attaques/incursions de miliciens Mobondo.\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- Les territoires de Popokabaka et Kenge ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9s par les\nattaques et incursions des miliciens Mobondo qui semblent bien\norganis\u00e9s dans le territoire de Popokabaka. Ils auraient une\nadministration, poss\u00e8deraient des armes de guerre et des uniformes\nmilitaires et tenteraient de conqu\u00e9rir le chef-lieu du territoire de\nPopokabaka, apr\u00e8s avoir assi\u00e9g\u00e9 une grande partie du secteur de\nPopokabaka, de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la rivi\u00e8re Kwango et celui de Lufuna. Leur\nprogression vers la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka a provoqu\u00e9 la fuite des habitants\nde plusieurs villages vers la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka et le territoire de\n\n\n\nKasongo Lunda. A leur passage dans les villages, ces miliciens se livrent\nsyst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 des pillages, homicides, viols, enl\u00e8vements et\nincendies de maisons.\n\nA titre d\u2019illustrations, l\u2019activisme des miliciens Mobondo est aussi tr\u00e8s\nimportant dans le territoire de **Kenge** o\u00f9 des villages sont occup\u00e9s, pill\u00e9s\net des exactions de toutes sortes, commises. Des miliciens Mobondo ont\nfait une fois de plus une incursion dans le village Kikubukubu, situ\u00e9 dans\nle secteur de Bukangalonzo le 18 novembre et y ont pill\u00e9 des biens des\nhabitants.\n\nDe plus, dans le groupement Babama, village Ibabulu situ\u00e9 \u00e0 plus ou\nmoins 80 km de la cit\u00e9 de **Popokabaka**, la population aurait subi des\nrepr\u00e9sailles des miliciens Mobondo le 22 novembre, apr\u00e8s une attaque\nrat\u00e9e des FARDC 6 jours auparavant. Plusieurs exactions ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncommises sur les civils (incendie de maisons, meurtres, viols, etc.).\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- La situation dans le territoire de Kwamouth est rest\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e par\nl\u2019activisme des miliciens Mobondo et les tracasseries des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nFARDC sur la population civile. Les barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur la RN 17\nresteraient les principaux lieux de commission des exactions par les\nFARDC.\n\n- Des affrontements entre les miliciens et les FARDC continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre\nsignal\u00e9s dans ce territoire, comme ce fut le cas dans la nuit du 23 au 24\nnovembre ou les miliciens auraient attaqu\u00e9 un groupe d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nFARDC en patrouille. Hormis des bless\u00e9s dans les deux camps, un\nmilicien aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 et plusieurs armes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es.\n\n**Bandundu & Bagata (province Kwilu)**\n\n- Les habitants de plusieurs villages et fermes du territoire de Bagata (dans\nsa partie limitrophe avec le Kwango) [3], continuent \u00e0 subir les exactions\ndes miliciens Mobondo. Ces derniers font payer les taxes \u00e0 la population\net extorquent leurs biens au niveau des barri\u00e8res qu\u2019ils ont \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur\nles diff\u00e9rents axes. Certains habitants, notamment ceux des\n\n\n\n3 Villages Fangulu, Matoko, Matele, Mobenga et Kipata 2, ainsi que ceux des fermes Kinzambi, Tembo,\nBembo, Saluzolo dans le secteur de wamba.\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\nvillages Kipata 2, ainsi que ceux des fermes Kinzambi, Tembo, Bembo\net Saluzolo se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Bukanga Lonzo en vue de se pr\u00e9server\ndes exactions des miliciens Mobondo dans la zone.\n\n- Dans la ville de **Bandundu**, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au \u00ab quartier 3 rivi\u00e8res \u00bb\nqui abrite plusieurs d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ayant fui le village Dima Lumbu, il a \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante occasionn\u00e9e par les hommes en\nuniformes non autrement identifi\u00e9s qui terrorisent la population la nuit\navec de r\u00e9guliers cambriolages de maisons.\n\n**Maluku (province KINSHASA)**\n\n- Dans la commune rurale de Maluku (Zone de Sant\u00e9 Maluku 2), plusieurs\nexactions commises par les miliciens Mobondo et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC\nsont rapport\u00e9es.\nA titre d\u2019exemples, le 3 novembre au village Kinzono, des miliciens\nMobondo auraient d\u00e9capit\u00e9 un membre de la communaut\u00e9 dans son\nchamp.\nLe 20 novembre, 4 militaires de FARDC auraient cambriol\u00e9 la maison\nd\u2019un r\u00e9sident, emportant tous ses biens de valeur et une somme de\n200,000 FC apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir fortement molest\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s investigation, deux de\nces quatre militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s.\n### **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4143920-edfc-405c-a724-a2d4ba43d270/Cluster%20Protection%20RDC%20-%20Points%20saillants%20de%20la%20situation%20de%20protection%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20en%20novembre%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_302/raw/doc_302_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_302/raw/doc_302_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5b2e0bda14d2fb0d981eeaa2c51de3a5aa32f897..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_302/raw/doc_302_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **DOCUMENT OF**\n\n## Community participation in the humanitarian action programming and implementation process.\n\n#### Community Participation Thematic Group\n###### Flagship Initiative - Colombia\n\nSeptember 2024\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "action.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **INDEX**\n##### ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4 PROSPECTS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN COLOMBIA .......................... 5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY . 6 1. Discovering the best ................................................................................ 7 2. Generate future priorities ......................................................................... 8 3. Transitioning from priorities to action - transform by doing ................... 9 4. Accountability to communities ............................................................... 10 5. Search for other stakeholders ............................................................... 11 6. Strengthening capacity sharing ............................................................. 12 7. Building trusting relationships ........................................................... 13 8. Centralizing protection ..................................................................... 14 9. Valuing volunteer service ....................................................................... 16 10. Seeking a common space to influence the State ................................. 16 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 18 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES ........................................................................... 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP COLOMBIA INITIATIVE:** recommendations document 4\n\n### **INTRODUCTION**\n\nIn December 2022, Colombia was selected as one of the four\ncountries to (4) pilot countries to implement the Flagship Initiative.\nIn this context and with the leadership of the Protection Cluster,\nthe Community Engagement Thematic Group (GTPC in Spanish)\nwas formed. During 2023, the GTPC facilitated the National Forum _on_\n_Community Participation in Humanitarian Action: recommendations,_\n_good practices and lessons learned from the voices of the_\n_communities._ As a result, the _Manifesto for Transformation:_\n_towards guaranteeing community participation_, which sets out\nprinciples and recommendations from leaders and communitybased organizations (CBOs) on community participation in\nColombia, was produced.\n\n\n\nContinuing with this process of reflection, feedback and rethinking\nof community participation in humanitarian actions in Colombia,\nthis document facilitated by the GTPC on approaches and\nmethodologies for working with communities and community-based\norganizations, implemented by humanitarian organizations in the\ncountry, is presented. Without exception, each uses an approach\nfocused on community participation, although they differ in the\ndegree of participation of communities in the process of\nprogramming and implementation of humanitarian action.\n\nDuring 2024, interviews were conducted with 17 humanitarian\nprofessionals, consultation processes with 3 community leaders\nand 2 humanitarian experts with experience in field work in\nColombia [1] . In addition, 10 working sessions were held with the\norganizations that make up the GTPC in which these\nrecommendations, their scope, possibilities and needs in the\ntransformation of humanitarian actions in Colombia were\nconceptualized. At the same time, 12 technical documents were\nreviewed, recognizing the contributions and theoretical and\nconceptual advances on this topic. This methodological process\nfacilitated the projection of the recommendations on community\nparticipation contained in this document. The objective is to\ncontribute to the improvement of humanitarian work in Colombia\nby strengthening community participation in the humanitarian\naction process.\n\n\n1 For the protection of the data and identity of the interviewed participants, their names will\nnot be shown in the referenced quotations, nor the organization to which they belong,\nonly the date of the interview.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.657299816608429, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GTPC", - "confidence": 0.6948155760765076, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9891001582145691, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9903469681739807, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian\nprofessionals", - "confidence": 0.7594457864761353, - "start": 228, - "end": 230 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP COLOMBIA INITIATIVE:** recommendations document 5\n\n### **PROSPECTS FOR COMMUNITY** **PARTICIPATION IN COLOMBIA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Humanitarian Country Team in Colombia has reaffirmed the guarantee of community\nparticipation as a common strategic issue related to humanitarian action in the country. The signing\nand adoption of the Manifesto for Transformation, towards the guarantee of participation is an example\nof this. [Link here](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/manifiesto-por-la-transformacion-hacia-la-garantia-de-la-participacion-comunitaria)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 6\n\n### **RECOMMENDATIONS TO** **STRENGTHEN** **COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION**\n\n\n\n\n\nIt is recognized that in order to guarantee the\nparticipation of people and communities in\ndecision-making on actions carried out in their\nterritories, it is important to rethink humanitarian\nactions and the humanitarian programming\nsystem. To this end, the GTPC recommends that\nthe relationship of humanitarian workers, projects,\norganizations and inter-agency processes with\nthe communities, their trajectories and their\ncommunity-based organizations should be a\ncentral focus.\n\nThis relationship is based on horizontal and\narticulated dialogue, joint construction of activities\nand projects, recognition of community\nprocesses, their capacities and needs,\naccountability, and considerations of change,\nimpact and sustainability. A relationship that\ngives rise to the construction of relationships of\ntrust, of continuous and articulated work, of\nintegration of contexts and understanding of\nrealities; that allows the recognition of community\nstructures, their dynamics and internal conflicts,\nthe power relationships that are woven in them,\ntogether with the differential approach\nnecessary for the accompaniment of women,\nchildren, adolescents, LGTBIQ+ people,\nindigenous people, NARP, peasants, migrant\npopulation and the various conditions of\nvulnerability that may arise. It is considered that\nbeyond the tools used in community work, the\nguarantee of community participation is based\non building ethical relationship processes with\ncommunities that recognize community\nautonomy and implement humanitarian principles.\n\nIn a cross-cutting manner, it is essential to\nintegrate differential approaches in all\nrecommendations. The following contribution\ninvites reflection on the gender approach and the\nprevention of GBV, which also leads to transpolate\nthe analysis to multiple differential approaches:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 7\n\n\n\n\n\nThe importance of strengthening the knowledge and skills humanitarian\nprofessionals, especially in integrating differential approaches into multiple\nhumanitarian methodologies and projects, is highlighted.\n\nThe following 10 recommendations are intended to guide and inspire humanitarian\npractitioners to reposition the guarantee of participation of people and communities in the\nprocess of programming and implementation of humanitarian action.\n\nThese recommendations have been developed in close collaboration with humanitarian\nand development partner organizations of the Community Participation Thematic\nGroup (GTPC), which recognize the importance of community participation in\naddressing current and future crises. This document attempts to account for the\nvirtuosity of the different community participation methodologies implemented by\nthese organizations and also attempts to capture the rich individual experience of the\nhumanitarian practitioners participating in the GTPC. For more information and\ndetails of each methodology, it is possible to review the materials available on the\nCommunity Focus website of the Flagship Initiative in Colombia\n[(https://response.reliefweb. int/en/colombia/enfoque-comunitario).](https://response.reliefweb.int/es/colombia/enfoque-comunitario)\n\nThe call to enhance community participation is not new and precedes the various\nexisting initiatives for the transformation of the humanitarian system [2] . Therefore, the\nfollowing recommendations are aimed at complementing the methodologies and/or\ntechniques already implemented by organizations that place affected communities at the\ncenter of the humanitarian response in a practical way. In general terms, these\nmethodologies and/or techniques are focused on enhancing a better relationship with the\ncommunities, building alliances, cooperating, consolidating work networks,\nmanaging knowledge, among other actions, which can be replicated and/or even\nexpanded at a global level.\n\n\n2 Sustainable Development Goals, Good Donorship Initiative, Transformative Agenda, World Humanitarian Submit,\nThe New Way of Working, Grand Bargain/ Gran Pacto, Flagship Initiative, among others.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 8\n\n##### 1. Discover the best there is\n\n\n\n\n\nIt is recommended to discover, elucidate, articulate and make visible\nthose factors that give life to a humanitarian response based on what\ncommunities have done best in a previous crisis context or in other\ndifficult circumstances [3] . It is important that communities can share\nwhat they have done best and the organizations of the humanitarian\nsystem in Colombia should actively listen.\n\nThis recommendation provides a starting point for enhancing\ncommunity participation. Several organizations and individuals\nconsulted mentioned that _\"discovering the best there is\"_ is a crucial\nstep for humanitarian professionals to engage in an initial\nconversation and identify the positive characteristics of a community,\nits potential. The focus should be on examining the moments of\ngreatest efficiency and understanding those factors that gave life to a\ntype of response - spontaneous - led by the community. It is a matter\nof formulating open questions that make it possible to know and\nrecognize the best there is, emphasizing those factors that are\nstrongest in the community.\n\nAbout this, Josep Zapater in his blog Notes and musings on\nhumanitarian work, describes that the humanitarian sector has been\ndistancing itself from the communities it aims to serve because _\"..._\n_it has become omnipresent in the documents that summarize_\n_the_ _situation of the affected populations, delimiting the priority_\n_groups and establishing the priorities for intervention\"_ (Zapater,\nJosep Zapater. Notes and musings on humanitarian work, 2023).\n\nFrom a contemporary humanitarian perspective, communities are\nasked \"what they think\" or \"what ideas for change\" they have, or\n\"what would like to do next\" but they are not asked about \"how to do\nit\" [4] . Therefore, what stands out from this recommendation is to value,\ndiscover, elucidate, articulate and make visible what communities\nhave done best in the face of the risk/threat/vulnerability they face.\nThe virtuosity of this starting point lies in the fact that it seeks to\narticulate those strengths of the communities with the humanitarian\nresponse system from the beginning.\n\n_The_ _consideration_ _of_ _affected_ _populations_ _as_\n_clients/beneficiaries and not as rights holders, their atomization_\n_into_ _individuals,_ _the_ _lack_ _of_ _curiosity_ _regarding_ _their_\n_organizational capacities and other inherent strengths, and the_\n_increasing use of technological tools and artificial intelligence,_\n_contribute to isolate the high-level decision-making process_\n_from the voice of organized communities._ (Zapater, Josep\nZapater, Notes and musings on humanitarian work, 2023).\n\n\n3 The MIRE+ Consortium refers to this as \"Identifying Everyday Practices\".\n\n4 It is an invitation to adopt an ethical vision of how humanitarian professionals can think about\nneeds and priorities without ignoring the capacities of communities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 9\n\n##### 2. Generate future priorities\n\n\n\nThis recommendation is aimed at recognizing\nthose actions, projects, processes and initiatives\nprioritized by the communities to build a better\nfuture. What are the community's priorities? What\nare their struggles, dreams and visions for the\nfuture? What are the sustainable issues related to\nthe communities' priorities for the future? What\nis the community's life plan? As addressed in the\n_Manifesto for Transformation._\n\nWhat is expected with this recommendation is to\nrecognize the imaginaries of what, despite the\ncrisis, the community could become. By\nmotivating these priorities for the future, the\ncommunity becomes more interested in\nparticipating and influencing relevant actors in\nits environment in the following ways perspective\n\n\n\nof seeking durable solutions. In other\nwords, this recommendation recognizes that\nthere is a continuum between humanitarian\naction and development; thus, _\"it attempts to_\n_overcome the rigidity, oversimplification, focus on_\n_short-term results and lack of participation of the_\n_current project-based model of humanitarian_\n_action\"_ [(5).]\n\nSome of the methodologies in community\nparticipation implemented by organizations\nmove in that direction; which in a broad sense is\nmanifested in exploring the \"well-being\" and/or\n\"good-living\" of communities as a strategic\nobjective beyond the emergency humanitarian\nresponse (Lough, Phillips, Spencer, & Daigie,\n2023).\n\n\n\n**\"The Nexus is a good concept, but I think you have to think about logics of well-**\n**being of communities ... We are aware that the concept of well-being may be**\n**different. What does it mean for communities to be well, to live well?\"**\n\n\n(Excerpt from interview, conducted on May 2, 2024)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 10\n\n\n##### 3. Transitioning from priorities to action - transform by doing:\n\nThis recommendation is aimed at supporting communities to move\non to concrete actions to achieve the priority/s of the future. It is\nabout motivating community participation to move from the\nmoment of capturing the \"future priorities\" to an instance of\nmaterialization. In other words, the same group of people, or a\nnew group from the community, selects a particular future priority\nthat they want to see happen and the humanitarian organization\ntransfers know-how for the community to self-manage that\naspiration [6] .\n\nTo this end, the humanitarian organization must establish a\nrelationship of trust and prior agreements with the community; and\npromote the exchange of knowledge to strengthen the capacity of\nthe communities in the use of simple tools or techniques that allow\nthem to advance in the materialization of the selected priority for\nthe future (prototyping, brainstorming, context analysis, problem\ntree, strategic planning, project management, co-design,\ncommunity mapping, among others).\n\n\n**\"The engagement with the community has been from start to**\n**finish. The methodology has five moments that make the**\n**community fall in love with the process. Each moment has results**\n**of what was promised from the beginning. We establish**\n**agreements that, if**\n**fall down, the whole process falls down. A relationship of trust**\n**is built up because we share the results we reach\".**\n\n\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on July 29, 2024).\n\n\nThe value of this recommendation lies in the fact that community\nparticipation is achieved through the identification of concrete\nactions, times, deadlines, necessary resources, strategies, among\nothers, to materialize their priority for the future. Humanitarian\norganizations and professionals can play an important role in\nsupporting communities technically.\n\n\n6 This is what is being done under the Localization Pillar of the Flagship Initiative in\n\nColombia: _\"_ To _promote significant initiatives for the participation and empowerment of_\n_local actors as part of transitions and responsible transformations of communities through_\n_a more localized action\"._\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 11\n\n##### 4. Accountability to communities\n\n\n\nIn recent years, the concept and practice of\naccountability to affected population (AAP) has\nevolved significantly. Humanitarian organizations\nand practitioners have designed sophisticated\nsystems to respond to complaints, claims and\nsuggestions about the goods and services\ndelivered, generally to family groups, heads of\nhouseholds and/or individuals considered\n\"clients\", \"beneficiaries\" or \"recipients\" of\nassistance [7] . Undoubtedly, these designs should\nbe highlighted, but they do not transcend into an\naccountability mechanism (AAP) that takes into\naccount future priorities and therefore\ncommunity participation.\n\nIn this context, it is appropriate to promote the\ncreation of inter-agency accountability\nmechanisms (AAP), which have the potential to\nlink the Nexus approach and recognize _\"the best_\n_there is\"_ together with the _\"future priorities\"_ of the\ncommunities. These mechanisms should be\nensured from the first moment of community\nparticipation, enabling the joint construction of\nhumanitarian community activities and processes,\nfacilitating community feedback.\n\nA solid argument in this sense, again, is mentioned\nby Josep Zapater, in a recent entry in his blog\n\"Notes and musings on humanitarian work\",\nwhere he says:\n\n\n\n_We argue here that accountability cannot_\n_be_ _understood_ _without_ _the_ _effective_\n_participation_ _of_ _affected_ _populations,_\n_including_ _them_ _in_ _key_ _humanitarian_\n_meetings_ _and_ _forums_ _where_ _decisions_\n_affecting them are made. We also argue_\n_that accountability requires participation, that_\n_participation requires representativeness, and_\n_that_ _representativeness_ _may_ _require_ _both_\n_social mapping and community mobilization_\n_work_ _by_ _humanitarian_ _practitioners,_ _taking_\n_into_ _account_ _other_ _parties_ _with_ _different_\n_backgrounds and interests. (Zapater, Josep_\n_Zapater. Notes and musings_\n_on humanitarian work, 2022)_\n\n\nAmong the recommendations on accountability,\nthe alternative emerged of facilitating an interagency accountability mechanism that focuses\non finding a \"shared common space\" between\nhumanitarian organizations and communities or\ntheir representatives. Three aspects are\nproposed to maintain a sustained relationship\nover time: a) shared values, b) methodologies\nand/or professional standards, and c) operational\nprocedures.\n\n\n\n7 During one of the interviews the following was mentioned: \"...we are running a complaints and grievance mechanism and the person\nwho is going to respond is from another organization....\"\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 12\n\n##### 5. Search for other interested parties\n\nThe purpose of this recommendation is for both organizations and communities to explore different\nways to mobilize support from relevant actors in the territories, creating an enabling environment for\nhumanitarian action and future priorities (Nexus). Humanitarian organizations have reproduced a\nlimited participation model for community leaders and representatives.\n\n\n\n**The humanitarian organization** _**\"has had to**_\n_**negotiate with the communities, especially**_\n_**with the presidents of the JACs, to broaden**_\n_**community participation in project**_\n_**planning\"**_ (Fragment of interview conducted on\nApril 23, 2024).\n\n\n\n**\"How do we do not reproduce what doesn't**\n**work? For example, leaders**\n**community in whom the community does not**\n**feel represented.\"**\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on April 26, 2024)\n\n\n\nIn this, each humanitarian organization and practitioner must recognize that stakeholders in the\nimplementation of humanitarian action are also influenced by the local environment, as well as by\ntheir reasoning regarding the issues raised by humanitarian action. Therefore, it is important\nfor humanitarian organizations and communities to integrate an analysis of the role and\nperspectives of other stakeholders as a significant source of influence - positive or negative - on\nthe humanitarian response in emergencies and the community's defined priorities for the\nfuture.\n\n\n_Humanitarian organizations must cautiously but decisively come to terms with the enormous_\n_complexity of the social environment in which affected communities evolve. Most of the above-_\n_mentioned doctrine seems to consider affected communities as - strangely - isolated from_\n_history, economics, politics, public policies, social movements or broader social structures (self-_\n_governing structures, for example) and from conflict and politics. They relate to communities as_\n_having only one dimension of complexity: their internal diversity, most often along predetermined_\n_lines (age, sex, gender)_ (Zapater, Josep Zapater, Notes and musings on humanitarian work, 2023).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 13\n\n\n\nFor this purpose, humanitarian organizations\nuse different versions of the so-called \"mapping\nexercise\". During the interviews, the cost-benefit\nratio of this type of exercise for the programming\nand implementation of humanitarian action was\nrecognized.\n\n\n**\"Community mapping is of particular importance because**\n**it allows us to recognize the value of participation to**\n**monitor, strengthen and communicate\"** (Fragment of\ninterview conducted on July 29, 2024).\n\n\nIn this order of ideas, there are two important\nconsiderations in this recommendation: first,\nmaximize local knowledge. That is, the\nknowledge that local leaders or government\nstructures within each community have, as well\nas that of national/local NGOs, government\nofficials, researchers and local universities, etc.\nThe point is to recognize that, most likely,\nsomeone has already done this \"mapping\nexercise\" and perhaps the most important thing\nis to update this information from a\nmultidimensional perspective that considers the\ncommunity environment in a broader and more\nstrategic way.\n\nThe second consideration is that this \"mapping\nexercise\" cannot be separated from the need for\nthe communities to consolidate a safe and\ntrustworthy space to be able to discuss and\npromote their future priorities with these \"other\"\nstakeholders, such as: local government, local\ninstitutions, other NGOs, international\ncommunity, etc. The aim is to help communities\nto establish a space for information exchange on\nthe evolution of projects, interventions and\nactivities carried out within the framework of the\nimplementation of humanitarian action and in\nthe perspective of linking with the Nexus.\n\n\n##### 6. Strengthening the exchange of capabilities\n\nStrengthening capacity sharing for the\nimplementation of humanitarian action is crucial\nin a \"new operational context\" marked by\nsimultaneous threats (epidemics, pandemics,\nconflict transformation, migration, floods,\ndroughts, climate change, etc.). For\nhumanitarian organizations and practitioners, this\nmeans understanding how to work collaboratively,\nwithout presumptions that international\norganizations have the answer(s) and\ncommunities need to develop their capacities.\nQuite the contrary, this recommendation aims to\nfacilitate spaces for exchange to make the most\nof the capacities that all stakeholders have and\nbring them to the table. \"Today's emergencies\ndemand more than retraining: a fundamental\nreassessment of the essential identity of the\nhumanitarian professional\" (Melanie, 2021).\n\nFrom the consultation exercises, interviews and\nfield visits, it was possible to identify some\nrelevant capacities for today\u2019s emergencies:\ncontext analysis; conflict analysis, management\nand resolution; information and communication\nwith communities; humanitarian response in\nurban contexts; risk analysis; negotiation;\nrelationship between humanitarian response,\ndevelopment and peace; care and welfare;\ncollaborative work; human rights and international\nhumanitarian law; gender and cultural diversity;\nuse of technology in humanitarian settings;\ncentrality of protection; centrality of the\nenvironmental agenda; protection routes., as\nmentioned above, this recommendation is about\nworking collaboratively, respecting the\nknowledge, skills and abilities that exist in the\nlocal context.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consultation exercises", - "confidence": 0.7880140542984009, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6842665076255798, - "start": 449, - "end": 450 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 14\n\n\n##### 7. Building trusting relationships\n\nThe full participation of communities in the process of implementing\nhumanitarian action depends largely on the skills of individual\nhumanitarian professionals and their sensitivity to building trust in\ncomplex and difficult environments. Humanitarian practitioners in the\nfield must take responsibility for building such a relationship and\nsustaining it over time. This relationship must be adapted to the social\ninterpretations of the community, which in turn are subject to the\npolitical, cultural, economic and social environment of their territory.\nAbout this, the director of EAFIT Social and Head of the Master in\nManagement of Social Enterprises for Social Innovation and Local\nDevelopment, Adolfo Eslava G\u00f3mez, expressed the following in a\ntribute to Father Federico Carrasquilla: _\"Gratitude to the genuine_\n_social leader who suggested proscribing the words give and help to_\n_conjugate the verbs share and accompany, the first create_\n_unnecessary separations between those who have and those who_\n_do not, while the two proposed verbs create fraternity, humanity\"_ _[8]_ .\n\nThe change in attitude of humanitarian professionals, from \"giving\"\nand \"helping\" to one generating relationships of trust with communities\n\"fraternity\" and \"humanity\", represents a significant and profoundly\nethical recommendation. This was mentioned in several interviews:\n\n\n**\"I, I say it depends a lot on each needs assessment. Because many times the**\n**assessments are short, we go in and out. The time we have to build trust with**\n**the communities is short. What is different are the Area Based Assessments for**\n**which there is a longer cycle of relationship with the communities.\"**\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on April 26, 2024).\n\n\n**\"So, building trust is based on that, managing expectations, not telling lies and**\n**most importantly, giving relevant information back to the communities with the**\n**data we collect.\"**\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on April 26, 2024).\n\n\n**\"One recognition I give to the organization is its constancy and stability in the**\n**territory. Because this generates trust with the communities.\"**\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on May 3, 2024).\n\n\n**\"Undoubtedly, the greatest transformations are achieved when one fully**\n**involves people and communities during most of the process; because they**\n**take ownership, a sense of belonging is created; because people feel useful in**\n**managing change in their reality; because new skills are developed.\"**\n(Excerpt from interview conducted on April 23, 2024).\n\n\n8 Eslava G\u00f3mez, Adolfo, [@adolfo_eslava] (8:36 AM. July 29, 2024). Father Federico Carrasquilla\npassed away at 89 years of age and dedicated his entire life to the commitment to the\npoorest of Medell\u00edn.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.5421168804168701, - "start": 261, - "end": 263 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.666280210018158, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area Based Assessments", - "confidence": 0.9120342135429382, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 15\n\n##### 8. Centralize protection:\n\nThis recommendation seeks to operationalize the centrality of protection in the\nprocess of programming and implementing humanitarian action and linking it to\ndevelopment and peacebuilding actions. _\"Protection must be at the heart of our_\n_preparedness efforts, as part of immediate and life-saving activities, and_\n_throughout and beyond the humanitarian response.\"_ (Global Protection Cluster,\n2016)\n\nThe centrality of protection refers to the fact that behind a humanitarian need there is\na human right that has been violated [9] . In contexts of prolonged humanitarian crises,\nassociated with armed conflict or when a natural disaster is unleashed,\ncommunities become more vulnerable due to threats (real or potential) coming\nfrom external actors, who with the purpose of pursuing their own interests (either\nintentionally or unintentionally) negatively affect a person or the community in\ngeneral.\n\nGenerally, under this scenario, communities' own knowledge and protection\nstrategies are vital to their safety and survival [10] . \" _Experience on the ground_\n_makes it clear that self-protection must be at the core of any protection strategy,_\n_and that communities in need of protection should not only be considered victims_\n_but also active subjects responsible for their own protection\"_ (ECHO, 2017, p.\n29). Still, communities should count on the protection of the State, as protection\nshould not be the concern of humanitarian organizations and professionals alone;\nneither should they replace the responsibility and obligation of the State.\n\nAll humanitarian organizations and professionals - impartial, international,\nnational or local - can contribute to the protection of affected communities [11] .\nThus, the first step is to ensure an optimal link between the knowledge and\nprotection strategies that communities possess (their own thinking, autonomy,\nvisions of development, capacities, relationships with other actors, existing\nresources, mechanisms, etc.) when programming and implementing\nhumanitarian action.\n\nAnother implementation has to do with the implications that the programming\nand implementation of humanitarian action can potentially have on affected\ncommunities. The way in which each organization and humanitarian professional\ndoes it can potentially worsen or improve the vulnerability in which they find\nthemselves.\n\n\n9 Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), \"all activities aimed at achieving full respect for the rights of\ncommunities in accordance with the letter and spirit of relevant law [International Human Rights Law (IHRL),\nInternational Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Refugee Law (IRL)]\".\n\n10 \"Self-protection is understood as the measures or mechanisms taken individually or collectively by individuals\nor organizations to reduce risks or threats, to the extent that the actions taken by the State are insufficient or\nillegitimate for the communities. Due to the reality of the internal armed conflict and the situation of constant\nviolence and attacks, indigenous, Afro-descendant and peasant communities in Colombia have developed\ntheir own self-protection and prevention strategies, both individual and collective.\" Available at: Documento\ngu\u00eda taller de Protecci\u00f3n a Civiles.\n\n11 Key to this is that they recognize the guiding principles of protective actions: 1) to enhance people's safety,\ndignity and rights, and avoid exposing them to harm; 2) to ensure that people have access to assistance\naccording to their needs and without discrimination; 3) to help people recover from the physical and\npsychological effects of violence, coercion and deliberate deprivation; and 4) to help people claim their rights.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 16\n\n\n\n\n\ncommunities affected by the various\nhumanitarian crises. In view of this, the\nrecommendation is to develop a programming and\nimplementation of humanitarian action aimed at mitigating\nthe risks to which the community is exposed due threats\n(real or potential) coming from external actors.\n\nIn this logic, the responsibility of humanitarian\norganizations and professionals is to mitigate these\nrisks through a correct identification of the threats faced\ncommunities, as well as inherent vulnerabilities and their\nown capacities to mitigate the threats and risks face. In\nthis sense, the effectiveness of the programming\nand implementation of humanitarian action that puts into\npractice the centrality of protection should be measured\nmainly by observing how vulnerabilities are reduced\nand the capacities of communities to mitigate actual or\npotential threats and risks are strengthened.\n\n\n_Protection_ _encompasses_ _efforts_ _by_\n_humanitarian actors in all sectors to_\n_ensure that the rights of affected people_\n_and the obligations of duty bearers under_\n_international_ _law_ _are_ _understood,_\n_respected, protected and fulfilled without_\n_discrimination_ _..._ _In_ _practice,_ _for_ _a_\n_humanitarian response to be protection-_\n_oriented, it is critical to understand and_\n_seek to prevent, mitigate or end existing_\n_and potential risks, including violations of_\n_international humanitarian and human_\n_rights law, that result in the harm suffered_\n_by affected persons during a conflict or_\n_disaster._ (Diaz, 2024, p. 1)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 17\n\n\n##### 9. Valuing volunteer service\n\nFrom the interviews also emerged the\nrecommendation to broaden the participation of\ncommunities in the process of humanitarian\naction, through a greater understanding of the\nvoluntary service that emerges in specific\ncontexts and situations. The norm is that\ninternational humanitarian action is echoed, but\nthe voices of national, local and/or community\nvolunteers who - spontaneously - emerge in\nspecific contexts and situations to help those\nwho need it most are ignored.\n\nThis recommendation aims to move away\nfrom that norm and value volunteer service\nduring the chaos that occurs in complex\nemergencies. In other words, it is about\nvaluing the weight that the voluntary\ninteraction of people and communities has in\nemergency situations that are not mediated by\nthe current model of project-based humanitarian\naction. Although it is ignored, not often\nmentioned or only reported in the\nmanagement reports of humanitarian\norganizations and professionals, during the\noperationalization of humanitarian action in the\nfield, a spirit of collaboration - spontaneous frequently emerges on the part of individuals\nand/or communities that should be recognized\nfor the impact it has on the success of\nhumanitarian action.\n\nIn other words, this recommendation is all about\nhighlighting the creative energy that is released in\n\n\n\ncontexts and specific emergency situations by\nindividuals and/or volunteer communities, which\nenable humanitarian organizations and\nprofessionals to implement humanitarian action\nand create an opportune space for collaboration.\n##### 10. Search for a common space to influence the State.\n\nThis recommendation addresses the importance\nof re-imagining participation within existing\nstructures that facilitate the fulfillment of the\nState's constitutional and legal obligations.\nOne way to achieve this is the search for a\ncommon space based on values that will allow\nthe community and State institutions to reach\nan acceptable level of cooperation in order to\nguarantee the implementation of measures to\nreduce the organizational, economic, social,\ncultural and environmental vulnerabilities that\nincrease the levels of risk for the communities\naffected by the different crises.\n\n_A firm stance, in the sense of not negotiating_\n_rights or accepting less than necessary, but_\n_at the same time respectful and combined_\n_with_ _non-adversarial_ _logic,_ _was_\n_fundamental_ _to_ _finding_ _creative_ _and_\n_appropriate_ _solutions._ _This_ _made_ _it_\n_possible_ _to_ _take_ _advantage_ _of_ _the_\n_knowledge of government public servants._\n_Discussions and dialogues did not revolve_\n_around who achieves more or who prevails_\n_but focused on the search for joint solutions to_\n_the_ _identified_ _problem:_ _preventing_ _the_\n_physical and cultural extinction of the_\n_communities of the General Community_\n_Council of San Juan - ACADESAN_ _[12]_ _._\n(Parra Bayona, 2024, p. 56).\n\n\n12 It portrays an emblematic case of ACADESAN's search for a\ncommon space to influence the Colombian national government,\nwhich has served as a reference to re-imagine participation\nwithin the contemporary conception and practice of the nationstate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "management reports of humanitarian\norganizations and professionals", - "confidence": 0.785427451133728, - "start": 169, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 18\n\n### **CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nBy way of conclusion, it is important to maintain the general reflection of these\nrecommendations on the strengthening of the relationship with communities and\ncommunity-based organizations as a fundamental element for guaranteeing community\nparticipation. Beyond the tools, techniques or instruments used for humanitarian work,\nthe relationship with people in an ethical manner and implementing humanitarian principles\nconstitutes the cross-cutting axis to guide humanitarian actions with a community approach.\n\nThe GTPC is making an effort to move from theory to practice in the context of the Flagship Initiative. For\nthis reason, we value the diversity of expertise and methodologies in community participation that\norganizations are already implementing. Our call is for the collective work to be greater\nthan the sum of its parts. For this reason, we continually invite organizations that have incorporated\nthe guarantee of community participation in humanitarian action to share their experiences in the\nGTPC. also invite you to rethink humanitarian actions, methodologies, projects and strategies,\nincorporating the recommendations set out in this document.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE COLOMBIA:** recommendations document 19\n\n### **BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES**\n\n\nD\u00edaz, J. S. (2024). Protection - Community Self-protection: the central role protection humanitarian action. Bogot\u00e1.\n\n\nECHO, D. (2017). Humanitarian protection. Improving protection outcomes to reduce risks faced by people in humanitarian\ncrises. European Commission: Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection.\n\n\nGlobal Protection Cluster (2016). Centraly of Protection. Retrieved July 2024, from https://globalprotectioncluster.org/\nthemes/centralityprotection.\n\n\nIFRC (1994). The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental\nOrganizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief. Geneva: IFRC.\n\n\nLough, O., Phillips, S., Spencer, A., & Daigie, M. (June 26, 2023). Beyond survival: exploring wellbeing in humanitarian action.\n\nRetrieved from ODI: https://odi.org/en/publications/beyond-survival-exploring-wellbeing-in-humanitarian-action/\n\n\nMelanie, B. (March 2021). Centre For Humanitarian Leadership. Retrieved from Skills for the future humanitarian practitioner.\n[A conversation with Dr. Hugo Slim: https://www.centreforhumanitarianleadership.org/research/publications/skills-for-the-](http://www.centreforhumanitarianleadership.org/research/publications/skills-for-the-fu-)\nfu- ture-humanitarian-practitioner/\n\n\nOffice of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2018). United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination. Geneva:\n\nUnited Nations.\n\n\nParra Bayona, M. (2024). Weaving links between self-protection and collective protection: the experience of ACADESAN in\nColombia. Bogot\u00e1: Accountability Working Paper.\n\n\nSlim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: a guide to morality of aid in war and disaster. London: Oxford University.\n\n\nZapater, J. (April 2022). Josep Zapater. Notes and musings on humanitarian work. Retrieved June 2024, from\nAccountability to affected populations: the revolution will not be televised: https://josepzapater.net/index.php/2022/04/10/\naccountability-to-affected-populations-the-revolution-will-not-be-televised/\n\n\nZapater, J. (April 2023). Josep Zapater. Notes and musings on humanitarian work. Retrieved July 2024, from How the\nhumanitarian industry is distancing from those we serve - and three things we can do about it: https://josepzapater.net/\nindex.php/2022/04/10/accountability-to-affected-populations-the-revolution-will-not-be-televised/\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/515eb50a-361e-44ec-95aa-dd6bbb9fbba5/Co_20250107_flagship_recomendations.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_303/raw/doc_303_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_303/raw/doc_303_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 89eace7a7ea5b44386bec07c10b9eccea74c3095..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_303/raw/doc_303_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# compared with Colombia\n\n_In September 2021, the Global Protection Cluster (GPC) conducted a mission_\n_to support the National Protection Cluster (NPC) in Colombia and to raise_\n_awareness of the ongoing protection crisis. The mission met with people_\n_affected by the crisis, authorities, NGO fora, local organisations, INGOs, UN_\n_Agencies, Protection Cluster and Areas of Responsibility (AoR) and their Lead_\n_Agencies, OCHA, Intercluster groups, humanitarian-development-peace_\n_nexus group, local ombudsman bodies (Personeria, Defensoria) and the_\n_Resident Coordinator._\n\n\n_Boris Aristin, the Head of the GPC Analysis and Information Management_\n_Pillar, was the team leader of this mission. Together with colleagues from the_\n_national and sub-national Protection Cluster in Colombia, he travelled to some_\n_of the most isolated areas of the country, which are experiencing huge_\n_tensions, protracted displacement and increased violence._\n\n\n\nNovember 2021 Publication\n\n\nAuthors : Boris Aristin and MarieEmilie Dozin, **Global Protection**\n**Cluster**\n\nSebasti\u00e1n D\u00edaz, Andrea Verdeja and\nDavid Garc\u00eda, **National Protection**\n**Cluster Colombia**\n\n\n\n_In this interview, he talks about the ongoing protection crisis in Colombia and_\n_describes the challenges that one million people in need of protection face on a daily basis. He reflects on his_\n_observations during his mission as well as the discussions he had with individuals and communities affected by_\n_the conflict \u2013 sharing five concrete actions that we can collectively take to avoid the situation quickly escalating._\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18918cd9-7c86-33ee-b928-12bf72a47c53/Colombia-Can-Only-be-Compared-with-Colombia_GPC_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**What is happening in Colombia?**\n\n\n**Boris Aristin** : Colombia faces several threats\nsimultaneously, which only contributes to the\ncomplexity of the context. The most important one\nis that the **internal** **armed conflict still exists** .\nDespite the hopes put on the Peace Agreement \u2013\nsigned between the Government of Colombia\n(GoC) and the FARC-EP in 2016 \u2013 seeking an end to\nmore than 50 years of conflict \u2013 we are not seeing\npeace reach Colombia. The lack of an effective\nintroduction of GoC Civil Authorities, combined\nwith the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, has\nfostered the reorganization and the development\nof a multiplicity of armed groups, which are trying\nto either consolidate or expand their areas of\ncontrol, following different or no ideology \u2013 like\nguerrillas or paramilitary groups \u2013 and including\nsome groups associated with narcotraffic. This is\nhappening in the Cauca and in the border areas,\nsuch as the Pacific coast and the border with\nVenezuela.\n\n\nWe also see an ongoing protection crisis in\nColombia, with an estimated 4.6 million people at\nrisk of violations of their human rights as a direct\nconsequence of the internal conflict. From those,\nat **least 1 million Colombians are facing high**\n**protection risks as per international law** in the\ncoming period, as they live in the 22 municipalities\nmost affected by the conflict. This includes\nfarmers, afro-Colombians and indigenous\ncommunities who are often surrounded by one of\nthe armed groups and cannot access land to\ncultivate their crops nor access basic social services\nlike education and health.\n\n\nColombia is also facing an increase of **massive**\n**displacement** with entire communities forced to\nmove from one location to another. To give you an\nexample, in the Valley of Cauca, a massive\ndisplacement is reported every two weeks. As a\nreminder, Colombia has faced one of the world\u2019s\nmost acute internal displacement situations from\nconflict and violence over five decades. Despite\nthe peace agreement, 4.9 million [1] Colombians are\n\n\n1 [IDMC - Colombia](https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/colombia#:~:text=According%20to%20OCHA%2C%2029%2C252%20people,63%20events%20recorded%20this%20year.)\n\n2 [GIFMM - Colombia](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Venezuelans%2520in%2520Colombia_2021%2520%2528EN%2529_17062021.pdf)\n\n\n\ninternally displaced \u2013 not including the additional\n1.7 million [2] Venezuelan refugees in the country,\nranking Colombia the second highest host country\nin the world.\n\n\nProtection Severity Map, October 2021\n\n\n**Why is it important?**\n\n\n**Boris Aristin:** What is happening in Colombia\nshould be on top of our agenda.\n\n\n**Firstly, because the call to action is immediate.**\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster has identified 22 from the\n1,200 municipalities [3] across Colombia as\nmunicipalities under a high risk of facing systematic\nviolations of human rights. Some of the most\ncommon violations identified during my\ndeployment are internal displacement,\nconfinement, and limitation of freedom of\nmovement (individual and communities), enforced\ndisappearance, extrajudicial executions,\nrecruitment, sexual assaults, presence of mines\nand other explosive ordnance, torture, and killings.\n\n\n3 National Protection Cluster, Colombia Protection Analysis, October 2021\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18918cd9-7c86-33ee-b928-12bf72a47c53/Colombia-Can-Only-be-Compared-with-Colombia_GPC_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The intensity of the conflict has only increased in\nthe most affected areas from 2017 until today, and\nwe can be almost certain that it will worsen in the\ncoming months and ahead of the 2022 national\nelections.\n\n\n**Secondly, because the international humanitarian**\n**response has focused on the other crisis that**\n**Colombia is facing - the influx of Venezuelans.**\n\n\nColombia has demonstrated extraordinary\ngenerosity and commitment to ensure protection\nfor displaced Venezuelans. The decision of the\nGovernment of Colombia to provide ten-year\ntemporary protection status to Venezuelans in the\ncountry serves as a model of solidarity. Yet, we are\nstarting to notice that Venezuelans are also\naffected by the active internal armed conflict, with\narmed groups and the army operating across the\nborder with Venezuela, which is escalating\nhostilities and tensions between the two countries.\nThe NPC should pay special attention to ensuring\nthat the Venezuelan population affected by\ndisplacement as direct aftermath of the internal\nconflict are included as victims of the conflict by\nboth the cluster responses and GoC National\nProtection systems.\n\n\n**Thirdly, because Colombia can only be compared**\n**with Colombia.**\n\n\nThe international community has had the tendency\nto minimize the Colombian context and impact of\nthe crisis, arguing that it cannot be compared with\nother major crises, such as Syria, Yemen or\nAfghanistan, etc. We should support the narrative\nthat the dimension of the crisis cannot be\ncompared by intensity. The crisis in Colombia has a\nunique profile and changes from one Department\nto another, therefore a) cluster support functions,\nb) protection partners engagement and c) donor\nsupport should focus on addressing the protection\nneeds and reducing the risks of the at least 1\nmillion Colombians identified as the population\nliving in the areas most affected by the conflict.\n\n\n4 [Global Protection Cluster, Protection Analytical Framework](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2021/08/11/protection-analytical-framework/)\n\n\n\n**What can we do about it?**\n\n**Boris Aristin** : Here are five things that we believe\ncan be done to respond to conflict dynamics and\nhumanitarian needs in Colombia and ensure\nproper attention is given to the protection crisis.\n\n\n**1-** **Recognize national leadership**\n\n\nWe need to acknowledge and preserve national\nleadership of the Protection Cluster, as well as\nrecognize the role played by the affected\ncommunities. The levels of trust and acceptance by\naffected communities is only possible thanks to the\ncommitment and compromise of protection\npartners\u2019 national staff, some of them with over 15\nyears of humanitarian work in conflict affected\nareas. They understand the context, they know the\nactors, they know how to operate and grant access\nfor protection partners even in areas controlled by\narmed groups. The model of national leadership in\nColombia has been a success and should continue\nand be reinforced. To ensure this leadership\nmodality in the long run, it might be necessary to\nincrease the percentage of time dedicated to\ncluster functions by some of the staff members on\na case-by-case basis, as well as count on the GPC\u2019s\nteam support on specific areas, either remote or\nthrough deployments.\n\n\n**2-** **Share vital information and analysis**\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster needs to scale the capacity\nand the regularity of the analysis of the crisis as\npart of the cluster\u2019s core functions. This is key for\nthe visibility and understanding of the situation;\nand ultimately to drive the narrative in terms of\nprotection \u2013 serving both the operational and\nadvocacy efforts of the cluster as a leading actor.\nThe process initiated during the current\ndeployment of producing regular Department level\nProtection Analysis Updates following the PAF\nmethodology [4] should be consolidated and\ncontinue after the first round of products.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18918cd9-7c86-33ee-b928-12bf72a47c53/Colombia-Can-Only-be-Compared-with-Colombia_GPC_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3-** **Put the protection crisis back on the**\n\n**humanitarian agenda**\n\n\nPeople in Colombia are facing systematic violations\nof their most fundamental rights. We need to put\nthe protection crisis in Colombia back on the\nhumanitarian agenda through a well-defined\nmedium-term (i.e., 4-6 months) advocacy strategy\nand stand firm on our upholding of human rights\nfor a protection environment. Taking the\nProtection Analysis products as a baseline, the GPC\nAdvocacy Task Team can support the national\nProtection Cluster in this task.\n\n\n**4-** **Step up the protection response to address**\n\n**protection needs of farmers, indigenous and**\n**afro-Colombians communities**\n\n\nWe must fulfil our mission to stand by those\naffected by the conflict and take the responsibility\nof leading the protection response. Protection\npartners should resume regular presence and\noperational response, prioritising the identified\nmunicipalities that are most affected. In some\nDepartments, such as Nari\u00f1o or Choc\u00f3, resuming\noperations would require strengthening Cluster\nmembers\u2019 logistics (i.e., long boats for accessing\ncommunities by river). We must urgently address\nthose areas most in need; as well as reinforce the\nresponse for the protection of farmers, indigenous\nand afro-Colombians communities, while\nconcentrating our efforts in building closer\ncollaboration with non-protection partners to\nrestore basic services, such as health, education,\nand livelihoods. We must also strengthen the\nmental health and psychosocial support response\nto fill the gap in MHPSS services.\n\n\n**5-** **Restart the practice of protection by presence**\n\n**and finding solutions side by side with**\n**communities**\n\n\nIt is critical to go back to the field, to go back to\ncommunities. We need to restart the practice of\nProtection by Presence. This should be prioritized\nin communities under confinement or under the\ncontrol of armed groups and should come hand-inhand with community-based programs and quick\nimpact projects to identify long-lasting solutions to\nviolence and internal displacement. We have great\n\n\n\nexamples in several Departments of Colombia of\nsuccessful experience of low investment in terms\nof resources but great impact in terms of\ncommunity self-protection mechanisms. The\nneighbourhood of La Victoria, in the City of Quibd\u00f3,\nis the only neighbourhood not controlled by gangs\nbut managed by the local authorities thanks to the\nsupport of a community services centre, which\nempowered the leadership of communities living\nin that neighbourhood. Community-driven\ninitiatives have a greater potential of being\nsustainable and solution-oriented. These types of\ninitiatives should be analysed, show cased and\nexpanded.\n\n\nSupporting local partners, authorities and\ncommunities in Colombia is key to deliver, to\naccess and to sustain humanitarian impact and\nprotection response, and to find durable solutions\nto address the root causes of displacement. This\napproach should be central to humanitarian work\nin Colombia.\n\n\nGPC mission team during a field visit, September 2021\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18918cd9-7c86-33ee-b928-12bf72a47c53/Colombia-Can-Only-be-Compared-with-Colombia_GPC_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_304/raw/doc_304_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_304/raw/doc_304_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a566ea36bad1d7972320b8842a4ad535218b26c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_304/raw/doc_304_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,715 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**A Vulnerability Analysis Framework for Syrian Refugees in Jordan**\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\nThis document details a proposed approach to vulnerability analysis for the Syrian refugee crisis in\nJordan. The document is a result of work undertaken by ACAPS in collaboration with UNHCR to\nreview UNHCR and partner vulnerability analysis approaches in Health programming Zaatari camp\nand Cash Assistance in urban settings.\n\nThe proposed approach incorporates key aspects of vulnerability including the fact that vulnerability\nis:\n\n - Multi-dimensional\n\n - Scale dependent\n\n - Dynamic\nA score card approach is proposed to analyse vulnerability. This approach is the most transparent\nand accountable method that can be used given the context. Some partners of UNHCR currently use\na score card methodology, however changes are proposed to the current score card approach. The\ntwo most important proposed changes to the current score card method are to:\n\n\n - Remove the weighting currently applied (which is mandate driven)\n\n - Distinguish vulnerability dimensions from specific needs categories\n\nFurther consultation, with partners, to agree the key indicators to be collected for the score card\nneed to be held for both Zaatari and Urban settings. Once agreement is reached testing the approach\ncan commence.\n\nFollowing successful testing of the household/individual vulnerability score cards it is proposed a\ncommunity/household level vulnerability analysis score card can be developed and implemented.\n\nThe proposed approach to vulnerability analysis relies on the implementation of the approach by all\npartners. It is therefore important that in addition to agreement across partners there is a common\nplatform for partners to share and access information. RAIS appears to be the most suitable platform\navailable in the region.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household/individual vulnerability score cards", - "confidence": 0.887207567691803, - "start": 220, - "end": 226 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.0 Introduction**\nDue to the sheer magnitude of the crisis and a population of over 2 million refugees from Syria\nthroughout the region, the humanitarian community is compelled to target protection services and\nassistance based on emergency life-saving needs of the most vulnerable refugees.\n\n\nThe main objective of this initiative is to improve aid effectiveness, by ensuring a needs-based and\nprincipled approach to a humanitarian response and appropriate targeting of beneficiaries to ensure\nequitable access based on prioritized need, especially for the most vulnerable.\n\n\nBased on this the current work has focussed on:\n\n\n - Defining common vulnerability criteria for the Health Sector and cash assistance\nprogrammes, this includes the potential to identify vulnerabilities beyond the immediate\ncategorization of risks, such as disability, Serious medical condition etc..\n\n - Defining/adapting a common tool that enables agreed vulnerability data to be collected.\n\n\nDuring the Aid Effectiveness project it became evident that building vulnerability criteria for Health\nand Cash Assistance could not be done without considering a wider perspective of vulnerability\nanalysis. This is important because:\n\n\n - both the Health and Cash Assistance programming consider risk factors that relate to\nprotection and other sectors such as WASH\n\n - the need to ensure that vulnerability criteria and analysis in health and cash assistance is\nplaced within a wider vulnerability analysis system of UNHCR\n\n\nThis document describes a potential conceptual framework to vulnerability analysis and places both\nthe Health and Cash vulnerability criteria within this wider framework.\n\n\nThe paper addresses the need for spatial understanding of vulnerability as well as addressing the\nneed for clearer vulnerability criteria at individual and household level.\n\n\nThere are differences between the refugee population in Zaatari camp and that settled in urban\nareas, however the conceptual framework is applicable to both the camp and urban refugee\npopulations.\n\n\n**2.0 Objective**\nThe overall objective of the document is to describe a conceptual framework for vulnerability\nanalysis among the Syrian Refugees in Jordan.\n\n\n**3.0 Conceptual Framework for Vulnerability Analysis**\nIt is understood that vulnerability is:\n\n\n - multi-dimensional and differential (varies across physical space and among and within social\ngroups)\n\n - scale dependent (with regard to time, space and units of analysis such as individual,\nhousehold, region, system)\n\n - dynamic (the characteristics and driving forces of vulnerability change over time).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These characteristics of vulnerability need to be factored into the conceptual framework for\nvulnerability. It is proposed to consider three layers of vulnerability analysis that address the above\nmentioned characteristics. When combined these layers provide a comprehensive vulnerability\nanalysis. These three layers are:\n\n\n - Geographical location and proximity to services\n\n - Community/Household level factors such as access to services, community cohesion, safety\nand security\n\n - Individual/Household vulnerability based on UNHCR specific needs codes and resilience\n\n\nThe three layers capture key aspects of vulnerability that enable:\n\n\n - a better understanding of the overall context\n\n - improved targeting of assistance either geographically or to households/individuals\n\n\nDiagram 1 represents the overall framework. It is important to note that this system attempts to use\nexisting secondary data when available but may also entail the collection of data when necessary.\nThe system should be applicable in both a camp setting (where camps are organized in specific\ngeographical units [1] ) and to refugee settlements in urban areas.\n\n\n**Diagram 1 Conceptual Framework for Vulnerability Analysis, Syrian Refugees, Jordan**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnnex 1 contains a diagram that describes the data process proposed to build community and\nhousehold/individual level vulnerability analysis.\n\n\n1 Zaatari camp has recently been split into 12 Districts.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.1 Geographical location and proximity to services**\nData has only recently become available in urban areas allowing the mapping of facilities (health,\neducation, water etc.) against the refugee settlements. This will allow a proximity variable, _distance_\n_to a service_, to be used in order to determine vulnerability. More specifically, distance to a service, is\none parameter used to determine access [2] to services. A score card can be developed to provide a\nmulti-dimensional vulnerability analysis in order to be able to compare geographical locations. This\napproach would allow a score to be attributed to each refugee location/settlement and therefore\nprovide an analysis of vulnerability based on one parameter ( _distance to a service)_ of access to\nservices. The following table provides an example of a potential score card to be used.\n\n\n**Table 1. Example of Multi-dimensional score card for access to services (single parameter)**\n\n|Service|Vulnerability Score|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Score|Data Source|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Service**|**1 (Low)**|**2 **|**3 **|**4 **|**5 (High)**|**5 (High)**|**5 (High)**|\n|Water|<0.5 km|< 1 km|<1.5 km|<2km|>2 km||Secondary data|\n|Health|<0.5 km|< 1 km|<1.5 km|<2km|>2 km||Secondary data|\n|Education|<0.5 km|< 1 km|<1.5 km|<2km|>2 km||Secondary data|\n|**Total**||||||||\n\n\n\nN.B. Actual vulnerability scores to be determined based on real distances/access standards in\nSPHERE standards.\nThe Information Management team is currently working with the Data Analysis Group to determine\nthe distance parameter. This should be available within the next two weeks [3] .\n\n\nIt is however important to recognize that the single parameter of distance to a service is not\nsufficient to determine access. For example a Syrian refugee family may be living close to a school\nbut their children may be unable to attend it because it is oversubscribed. This measure therefore\nneeds to be supplemented by other indicators. This measure should therefore be viewed as a short\nterm solution while a better community/household level vulnerability index is developed and applied\nto the different Geographical areas.\n\n\n**3.2 Community/Household level Vulnerability**\nIn order to be able to determine community level vulnerability it is important to collect key variables\nin order to provide a comprehensive picture of vulnerability. The variables to collect should include\nphysical, economic, social, and political components of vulnerability.\n\n\nAnnex 2 contains a proposed specific multi-dimensional Community level Vulnerability score card for\nZaatari camp. Annex 3 contains a proposed multi-dimensional Community level Vulnerability score\ncard for urban areas. This information can be collected through secondary data [4] when available and\nthrough community level focus group discussions. The frequency of data collection depends on the\nrapidity of change experienced. Initially, a quarterly data collection mechanism could operate in the\ncamp whereas a 6 month data collection cycle could be used in the urban setting. However, where\nspecific events occur e.g. large influxes or reductions in service provisiion this tool can be applied in\norder to determine changes.\n\n\n2 Distance is only one parameter used to determine access. For example a household may live close to a school\nbut have no access because class numbers are already oversubscribed.\n3 This needs to be confirmed by the IM team in Amman\n4 The individual/household level data can be used to inform the community level vulnerability score card\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "score card", - "confidence": 0.5358841419219971, - "start": 84, - "end": 86 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban areas", - "confidence": 0.8403142094612122, - "start": 20, - "end": 22 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.8788465857505798, - "start": 38, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Actual vulnerability scores", - "confidence": 0.5332518815994263, - "start": 399, - "end": 402 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Data Analysis Group", - "confidence": 0.6477730870246887, - "start": 425, - "end": 428 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee family", - "confidence": 0.8812171220779419, - "start": 472, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community/household level vulnerability index", - "confidence": 0.9778110980987549, - "start": 521, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5925026535987854, - "start": 607, - "end": 609 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee family", - "confidence": 0.8420252203941345, - "start": 472, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multi-dimensional Community level Vulnerability score card", - "confidence": 0.5527414083480835, - "start": 600, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.690132200717926, - "start": 607, - "end": 609 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household", - "confidence": 0.6698397397994995, - "start": 728, - "end": 729 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "individual/household level data", - "confidence": 0.753831148147583, - "start": 760, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IM team", - "confidence": 0.574576735496521, - "start": 754, - "end": 756 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amman", - "confidence": 0.7149251103401184, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household", - "confidence": 0.7229823470115662, - "start": 728, - "end": 729 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These score cards will require further development once the individual/household level score cards\nhave been agreed and tested by partners.\n\n\n**3.3 Individual and Household Vulnerability**\n**3.3.1 Vulnerability and Cash Assistance**\n\n\nUNHCR currently uses an income variable (50JD/pers/month) as the primary criteria for inclusion into\ncash assistance. Once this criteria is achieved UNHCR uses the Specific Needs Codes combined with\nexclusion criteria [5] to determine vulnerability for the cash assistance. This can be referred to as the\n\u201cgroup approach\u201d.\n\n\nThe group approach is one method for identifying the most vulnerable however it has a number of\npotential weaknesses including:\n\n\n - Generalizations about vulnerable groups tend to exclude those that are generally not\nthought of as vulnerable, e.g. at a recent workshop in Zaatari camp the issue of men being\nvulnerable particularly to violence, but also their potential to commit violent acts due to\nunemployment was raised. Unemployed men are not included in the specific needs codes of\nUNHCR. In addition in the context in Jordan adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable (e.g.\nto being sold as child brides). Adolescent girls are not included in the Specific Needs codes.\n\n - Generalizations about vulnerable groups also fail to recognize that not everyone in a\nvulnerable group is equally vulnerable (HCR addresses this through exclusion criteria- in the\ncash programme).\n\n - A group based approach is one dimensional and cannot capture the fact that a household or\nindividual can be in more than one disadvantaged group at a time, i.e. potentially having\ngreater vulnerability.\n\n - A group approach also does not explain why someone is disadvantaged; an elderly person is\nnot vulnerable because they are old, but perhaps because they are isolated.\n\n - The approach also avoids the temporal and spatial aspects of vulnerability, people can move\nin and out of vulnerability, e.g. a Syrian refugee who gains employment becomes less\nvulnerable, or refugees with proximity to services may be less vulnerable than those further\naway.\n\n\nPartners in cash assistance vary in vulnerability analysis approach with some adopting a score card\nmethod to determine household vulnerability [6] through a threshold approach while others follow the\nUNHCR group approach method.\n\n\nThe score card approach provides a more transparent approach to determining vulnerability. The\nscore card approach also enables a multi-dimensional approach to determining vulnerability that\nincorporates both vulnerable groups and potential coping strategies/vulnerabilities.\n\n\nHowever, the scoring of cards is the area of greatest potential divergence among partners. There is\nno standard scoring mechanism among partners [7] . This is likely to reflect the difficulty in agreeing\n\n\n5 UNHCR Standard Operating Procedures for Cash Assistance\n6 This approach still uses the group approach but allows for a combination of groups as well as coping\nmechanisms e.g. familial support, to be combined for a composite index of vulnerability to be determined.\n7 More specifically the weighting of score cards will be difficult to agree.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "scoring but also the likelihood that scoring is influenced by organizational mandates [8] . It is also\nimportant to recognize that different organizations have different objectives for their cash assistance\nprogrammes with some adopting a one off emergency assistance approach and others (e.g. UNHCR)\nadopting a 3 month (renewable) cycle approach. Some cash assistance is conditional while some is\nunconditional.\n\n\nThe transparency and accountability of the score card method suggests that it is of greater utility in\nthis context. This is particularly true since the group method is one dimensional and the way it is\ncurrently applied does not even allow a distinction to be made between families that have more than\none member with a specific need (e.g. disability) and a family with a member with one specific need.\n\n\nIt is proposed that a scoring system with thresholds be adopted in order to support a transparent and\naccountable vulnerability analysis mechanism. This requires agreement on the dimensions of\nvulnerability and the criteria (indicators that define each vulnerability dimension) for vulnerability\namong partners. The proposed scoring mechanism does not weight any vulnerability. It does\nhowever factor in if a family has multiple members with specific needs and scores each family based\non multiple vulnerability categories on a sliding scale. Annex 4 describes a proposed three step\nfiltering mechanism. The three steps in the filtering process would allow:\n\n\n - Identification and referral of specific needs, but also higher scoring for families with multiple\nindividuals in vulnerable groups\n\n - The application of a poverty indicator (income) to determine vulnerability and the\napplication of an exclusion factor e.g. exclude households that are already receiving\nassistance from another partner\n\n - The determination of a families vulnerability using a multi-dimensional vulnerability score\n\n\nOnce again much of the data to implement such a system is available form secondary sources, e.g. is\navailable in the HH visit form of UNHCR/IRD (with minor adjustment), as well as partner data\ncollection either through home visit forms or registration forms.\n\n\nAnnex 5 contains a proposed score card to be used to determine family vulnerability. This score card\nneeds further development through consultation with Cash Working Group members prior to testing.\nThe focus of development should be on ensuring that there is agreement on the categories of\nvulnerability and the indicators that make up the scoring scale. Preliminary discussions within the\nCash Working group have been positive and there is an interest to develop this approach and to test\nit.\n\n\nAn annotated version of the score card that describes some of the feedback that was received on the\nproposed score card from partners is available on the Dropbox. This can be used for future\ndiscussions with the Cash Assistance partners. [9]\n\n\n8 Organizations weight vulnerabilities based on the objectives or specific persons of concern that they wish to\ntarget.\n9 Please refer to the Implementation Plan for the next steps in developing and testing the vulnerability analysis\ntools\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HH visit form of UNHCR/IRD", - "confidence": 0.5492150187492371, - "start": 344, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "determination of a families vulnerability", - "confidence": 0.5903034806251526, - "start": 309, - "end": 314 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "score card", - "confidence": 0.9369996190071106, - "start": 460, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Cash Assistance partners", - "confidence": 0.5683817267417908, - "start": 493, - "end": 496 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.3.2 Vulnerability and Health in Zaatari Camp**\n\n\nIn Zaatari camp the health partners and UNHCR have used the Specific Needs Codes (group approach\nto determining vulnerability). There are two factors to consider in terms of vulnerability analysis and\nHealth in the camp:\n\n\n - The need to identify individuals with specific needs\n\n - The multi-dimensional nature of vulnerability associated with health (e.g. the interaction\nwith other sectors such as WASH and protection)\n\n\nCurrently targeting of assistance is predominantly based on the ability of individuals/families being\nable to access services. This suggests that in fact UNHCR and partners don\u2019t know if they are reaching\nthe most vulnerable individuals/families in the camp.\n\n\nGroup vulnerability, is one dimensional and does not say why a person is vulnerable, e.g. one\ndisabled person is not necessarily as vulnerable as another vulnerable person who doesn\u2019t have\nfamily support.\n\n\nThere is also no recognition currently that a family may have more than one member with specific\nneeds making that family more vulnerable than another family who only has one member with\nspecific needs.\n\n\nMedical forms in use by partners [10] do not collect any socio-economic data that can enable\nvulnerability analysis. In addition service locations are not necessarily the best location to collect\nsuch data since it is safe to assume that those accessing services are less vulnerable than others that\nare unable to access services. This suggests that a household level data collection process is required\nin order to understand vulnerability in the camp.\n\n\nThere are two potential approaches to collecting household/individual level vuInerability data. It may\nbe possible to collect data during the planned re-verification exercise for the camp. This data could\nthen be recorded directly into RAIS. This would form a god baseline. Monitoring could then be held\non a quarterly basis by the IRD Community Health Volunteers. Should it not be possible to use the reverification exercise to collect the data the community Health volunteers could be deployed to form\na baseline and to monitoring the situation every three months.\n\n\nThe same eligibility system as suggested above (Section 3.3.1) can be applied in the camp\nenvironment. This would provide a multi-dimensional understanding of vulnerability and enable the\nprioritization of assistance to the most vulnerable. In the longer term should the camp (as currently\npredicted) remain in operation and the same level of service provision cannot be maintained a\nsystem will be in place to determine vulnerability and hence refine targeting.\n\n\n**4.0 Recording Vulnerability Data**\n\n\nThere are currently two data bases being used in Jordan. ProGres is the standard registration system\nbeing used globally by UNHCR and RAIS a system developed and used in the region. ProGres was not\n\n\n10 Note IOM does assess vulnerability at the reception centre. This is done in order to prioritize referral of\nindividuals to services.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Specific Needs Codes", - "confidence": 0.983208954334259, - "start": 26, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "group approach\nto determining vulnerability", - "confidence": 0.8043994903564453, - "start": 30, - "end": 35 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5244271159172058, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari Camp", - "confidence": 0.9892600774765015, - "start": 11, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RAIS", - "confidence": 0.8025630116462708, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7966383099555969, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ProGres", - "confidence": 0.7983202338218689, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "registration system", - "confidence": 0.5101901888847351, - "start": 489, - "end": 491 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7049049139022827, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9735446572303772, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.7908928394317627, - "start": 530, - "end": 531 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "initially applied for the registration of beneficiaries in Zaatari camp but this will be corrected in the\nre-verification exercise.\n\n\nRAIS on the other hand was formed as a tool to support coordination of assistance. However it has\nbecome predominantly used in the Jordan context as a UNHCR programme tool [11] . RAIS\u2019s main\nstrength in the context of vulnerability analysis is that it is a platform that can be used by partners\nwhereas proGres is not accessible to partners. It is therefore proposed that RAIS be used as the main\ntool for recording data on vulnerability analysis. This will require adjustments to be made to the\ncurrent tool in order that all partners can access RAIS and input their data. In addition, partners who\nhave used RAIS expressed a lack of confidence in RAIS which needs to be overcome if the tool is to be\nused. This lack of faith is probably associated with the lack of proper management of the system as a\ncoordination tool.\n\n\nFurther discussions within UNHCR will be required in order to address issues of confidentiality and\nhow these can be overcome.\n\n\n**5.0 Recommendations** **[12]**\n\n\n - Agree within the Project Steering committee in Jordan whether the proposed approach\naddresses the needs of the operation.\n\n - Select a focal point to lead on the implementation of the approach. The Inter-sector\nCoordinator seems to be the best placed to lead the process.\n\n - Finalize the score cards- prioritizing the household/individual level score cards by consulting\nwith the health working group in Zaatari camp and the Cash Assistance working group in\nAmman.\n\n - Engage with the relevant sectors (protection, Shelter, WASH etc.) to discuss and agree the\nproposed indicators in the score card for measuring access to services.\n\n - Finalize and test the household/individual score cards with partners.\n\n - Adjust UNHCR and partner data collection forms to incorporate the score cards.\n\n - Adjust RAIS to incorporate the household/individual score card\n\n - Train partners and UNHCR staff on the use of the score card and begin wide application of\nthe approach.\n\n - Train partner staff on recording data in RAIS.\n\n - Ensure a feedback loop that enables partners to use the information generated from RAIS to\ninform their programming.\n\n - Review the approach to determine whether it is has proved effective in determining\nvulnerability and prioritizing assistance.\n\n - Implement a similar process in order to develop, finalize and implement a\ncommunity/household level score card.\n\n\n11 For example the UNHCR Home Visit form data is recorded in RAIS.\n12 For further details please see the proposed Implementation Plan\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household/individual level score cards", - "confidence": 0.6719334125518799, - "start": 270, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "measuring access to services", - "confidence": 0.5631533861160278, - "start": 322, - "end": 326 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5197731852531433, - "start": 284, - "end": 286 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household/individual score cards", - "confidence": 0.691856324672699, - "start": 332, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RAIS", - "confidence": 0.5652596354484558, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Home Visit form data", - "confidence": 0.962023913860321, - "start": 460, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7275488972663879, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Targeting:\n-Most Vulnerable\n-Vulnerable\n-Less Vulnerable\n\n\nGeographical Area Scored for\nVulnerability:\n-Most Vulnerable\n-Vulnerable\n\n\n\nFamily Data\n\n\n\n**Annex 1 Diagram representing the data process**\n\n\nScored for Vulnerability\n\n\nScored Family Data collated\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerable\n\n\n\nFamily Data", - "confidence": 0.8096303939819336, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 2. Score Card for District Level Vulnerability Analysis**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Dimension/Question|Vulnerability Score
Low High|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Score|Data Source|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Access to safe water:**Does the district always
have access to enough safe water?|**1 **
Always
>15 litres/per/day
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
And water point < 500
from households
|**2 **
Very often
>15 litres/per/day
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
And water point < 500
from households
|**3 **
Often
>15 litres/per/day
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
And water point < 500
from households
|**4 **
Seldom
>15 litres/per/day
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
And water point < 500
from households
|**5 **
Never
>15 litres/per/day
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
And water point < 500
from households
||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to Sanitation:**Does the district always
have enough sanitary facilities?|**1 **
Always
No more than 20
people/toilet
No further than 50 m
from households|**2 **
Very often
No more than 20
people/toilet
No further than 50 m
from households|**3 **
Often
No more than 20
people/toilet
No further than 50 m
from households|**4 **
Seldom
No more than 20
people/toilet
No further than 50 m
from households|**5 **
Never
No more than 20
people/toilet
No further than 50 m
from households||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to Health Services:**Does the district
population always have access to adequate
health services?|**1 **
Always
2-4 outpatient
consultations/pers/year
13|**2 **
Very often
2-4 outpatient
consultations/pers/year|**3 **
Often
2-4 outpatient
consultations/pers/year|**4 **
Seldom
2-4 outpatient
consultations/pers/year|**5 **
Never
2-4 outpatient
consultations/pers/year||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to Education Services:**Does the
district population have access to education
services?|**1 **
Always
Have safe and secure
access to educational
facilities, Houses < 0.5
km from school|**2 **
Very Often
Have safe and secure
access to educational
facilities, Houses < 1 km
from school|**3 **
Often
Have safe and secure
access to educational
facilities,
Houses < 2 km from
school|**4 **
Seldom
Have safe and secure
access to educational
facilities,
Houses < 3 km from
school|**5 **
Never
Have safe and secure
access to educational
facilities,
Houses > 4 km
||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to Electricity:**Does the district always
have enough electricity supply?|**1 **
Always|**2 **
Very often (bi-weekly
cuts that last less than
4 hours)|**3 **
Often (weekly cut that
lasts more than 4
hours)|**4 **
Seldom (daily cuts that
last more than 4 hours)|**5 **
Never||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to durable shelter:**What proportion
of the households in the district live in
caravans?|**1 **
Very Many
(>40 %)|**2 **
Many
(>30%)|**3 **
Some
(>20%)|**4 **
Few
(>10%)|**5 **
Very Few
(<10%)||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Access to an Income:**What proportion of the
households in the district have an income?|**1 **
Very Many|**2 **
Many|**3 **
Some|**4 **
Few|**5 **
Very Few|||\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n13 See Annex 2 for formula for calculation\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|(>30 %)|(>20 %)|(>10 %)|(>5 %)|(<5 %)|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Communication between Governance and**
**population:** What is the level of
communication between the governance
structure and the district population?|**1 **
Active participation,
population informs
Governance of needs|**2 **
Collaboration,
working jointly|**3 **
Engagement,
Working jointly on an
adhoc basis|**4 **
Consultation,
but not working jointly|**5 **
Passive, Governance
making decisions||Focus Group|\n|**Connectedness across community groups:**
What is the degree of connectedness across
community groups? (e.g. religious, age
groups, new arrivals etc.)|**1 **
Always
Regular community
organized care/events
for sub groups|**2 **
Very often
Examples of community
organized care/events
for sub groups|**3 **
Often
Attention is paid to
sub-group needs|**4 **
Seldom is attention
paid to sub-groups
needs|**5 **
No attention to
subgroups||Focus Group|\n|**Security/Law and order:** Does the population
always feel safe in the district?|**1 **
Always
(0 incidents per week)|**2 **
Very Often
(>1incidents/week)|**3 **
Often
(>2incidents/week)|**4 **
Seldom
(>3incidents/week)|**5 **
Never
(>4incidents/week)||Secondary Data or
Focus Group|\n|**Total**||||||||\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 3.Vulnerabiity Score Card for Urban Settlements**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Dimension/Question|Vulnerability Score
Low High|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Score|Data Source|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Access to safe water:**What proportion of the Syrian
refugees living in the area always have access to
enough safe water?|**1 **
Always >80%
Less than 30 minutes waiting
time at water point or piped
and at least 2 storage
containers 10-20 lt|**2 **
Very often >70%
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point or piped and at least
2 storage containers 10-20
lt|**3 **
Often > 50%
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point or piped and at least
2 storage containers 10-20
lt|**4 **
Seldom >30%
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point or piped and at
least 2 storage
containers 10-20 lt|**5 **
Never >10%
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point or piped and at
least 2 storage
containers 10-20 lt||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to Sanitation:**Do the Syrian refugees living in
the area always have enough sanitary facilities?|**1 **
Always >80%
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and children|**2 **
Very often >70%
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**3 **
Often >50%
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**4 **
Seldom >30%
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**5 **
Never >10%
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to Health Services:**What proportion of Syrian
refugees always have access to adequate health
services?|**1 **
Always >80%
Have free access to health
services|**2 **
Very often >70%
Always have free access to
health services|**3 **
Often >50%
Always have free access to
health services|**4 **
Seldom >30%
Always have free access
to health services|**5 **
Never >10%
Have free access to
health services||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to Education Services:**Do the Syrian refugee
children always have access to education services?|**1 **
Always >80%
Children able to attend
school in a safe and secure
manner|**2 **
Very Often >70%
Children able to attend
school in a safe and secure
manner|**3 **
Often >50%
Children able to attend
school in a safe and secure
manner school|**4 **
Seldom >30%
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|**5 **
Never >10%
Children able to
attend school in a safe
and secure manner||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to Electricity:**Do the Syrian refugees always
have enough electricity supply?|**1 **
Always >80%|**2 **
Very often ( twice weekly
cuts that last less than 4
hours) >70%|**3 **
Often (weekly cut that
lasts more than 4 hours)
>50%|**4 **
Seldom (daily cuts that
last more than 4 hours)
>30%|**5 **
Never >10%||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to durable shelter:**What proportion of the
Syrian families in the district live in shelter suitable for
summer and winter?|**1 **
Very Many
(>40 %)|**2 **
Many
(>30%)|**3 **
Some
(>20%)|**4 **
Few
(>10%)|**5 **
Very Few
(<10%)||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Access to an Income:**What proportion of the Syrian
refugee families living in the area have an income?|**1 **
Very Many
(>30 %)|**2 **
Many
(>20 %)|**3 **
Some
(>10 %)|**4 **
Few
(>5 %)|**5 **
Very Few
(<5 %)|||\n|**Indebtedness:**What proportion of the Syrian refugee
families living in the area have debts?|**1 **
Very Many
(>30 %)|**2 **
Many
(>20 %)|**3 **
Some
(>10 %)|**4 **
Few
(>5 %)|**5 **
Very Few
(<5 %)|||\n|**Legal:**What proportion of the Syrian refugees in the
area are registered or not?|**1 **
Registered >80%|**2 **
Newly Registered and
receiving assistance >70%|**3 **
Newly registered without
assistance >30%|**4 **
On the waiting list for
registration >20%|**5 **
Not registered >10%||Focus Group|\n|**Security/Law and order:** Does the population always
feel safe in the district?|**1 **
Always
(0 incidents per week) > 80%|**2 **
Very Often
(>1incidents/week) >70%|**3 **
Often
(>2incidents/week) >50%|**4 **
Seldom
(>3incidents/week)
>30%|**5 **
Never
(>4incidents/week)
>10%||Secondary Data or Focus
Group|\n|**Total**||||||||\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Filter 1**\n\n\n**Filter 2**\n\n\n**Filter 3**\n\n\n\n**Annex 4 Proposed Eligibility System using Vulnerability Criteria**\n\n\nVulnerable Group:\nWomen at risk\nChild at risk etc.\nN.B. Vulnerable groups have the\nsame score of 1\n\n\n\nFamily scored based on number\nof members in a vulnerable\ngroup\n\n\n\nThreshold applied to\nPoverty: household income for poverty\nIncome of <50 JD/person/month determination\n\n\n\nMulti-Dimensional Vulnerability\nAnalysis:\nFamily Scored based on multidimensional vulnerability criteria:\n\n-family support\n-legal status\n-access to services etc.\n\n\n\nFilter 1 score added to Filter 3\nscore and total applied to a\nVulnerability Index to\ndetermine eligibility\nVulnerability Index identifying:\nMost Vulnerable\nVulnerable\nLess Vulnerable\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n**Action**\n\n\nRefer to Appropriate Service\n(CS, Protection etc.)\nApply Filter 2\n\n\nMaintain Appropriate\nService provision Apply\nFilter 3\n\n\nIf eligible provide cash\nassistance. If not ensure\nassistance through\nservices\nFor health use system to\nprioritize assistance\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eligibility System", - "confidence": 0.61754310131073, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Vulnerable groups", - "confidence": 0.6927794218063354, - "start": 45, - "end": 47 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 5 Household/individual level Urban Vulnerability Score card**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Dimension/Question|Vulnerability Score
Low High|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Score|Data Source|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Access to safe water:**Does the family have
access to enough safe water?|**1 **
Always
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (piped water
or at least 2 containers
of 10-20 lt)|**2 **
Very often
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (piped water
or at least 2 containers
of 10-20 lt)|**3 **
Often
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (piped water
or at least 2 containers
of 10-20 lt)|**4 **
Seldom
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (piped water
or at least 2 containers
of 10-20 lt)|**5 **
Never
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (piped water
or at least 2 containers
of 10-20 lt)|||\n|**Access to Sanitation:**Does the family have
access to enough sanitary facilities?|**1 **
Always
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**2 **
Very often
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**3 **
Often
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**4 **
Seldom
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**5 **
Never
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|||\n|**Access to Health Services:**Does the family
always have access to adequate health
services?|**1 **
Always
Have free access to
health services|**2 **
Very often
Have free access to
health services|**3 **
Often
Have free access to
health services|**4 **
Seldom
Have free access to
health services|**5 **
Never
Have free access to
health services|||\n|**Access to Education Services:**Does the family
have access to education services?|**1 **
Always
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|**2 **
Very Often
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|**3 **
Often
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner
|**4 **
Seldom
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner
|**5 **
Never
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|||\n|**Access to Electricity:**Does the family always
have enough electricity supply?|**1 **
Always|**2 **
Very often (bi-weekly
cuts that last less than
4 hours)|**3 **
Often (weekly cut that
lasts more than 4
hours)|**4 **
Seldom (daily cuts that
last more than 4 hours)|**5 **
Never|||\n|**Access to durable shelter:**Does the family
live in a shelter that is suitable for both
summer and winter conditions?|**1 **
Suitable for both winter
and summer
Ventilation,
furnishing/blankets
Heating|**2 **
Suitable for summer
Ventilated, light
furnishing, no heating|**3 **
Suitable for winter
Limited ventilation,
heavy furnishing,
heating|**4 **
Not suitable for
summer or winter
Unable to control
ventilation, No
furnishing, no heating|**5 **
No shelter|||\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Threat of eviction: Does the family face the
threat of eviction?|1
No threat of eviction|2
Unlikely threat of
eviction|3
Potential threat of
eviction|4
Threat of eviction|5
Evicted|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Legal status:** What is the legal status of the
family?|**1 **
Registered|**2 **
Newly registered
receiving assistance|**3 **
Newly Registered
without assistance|**4 **
On the waiting list for
registration (either to
be newly registered or
re-registration)|**5 **
Not registered|||\n|**Family Support:** How many family members
are there?|**1 **
>than 5|**2 **
>4|**3 **
>2|**4 **
>1|**5 **
Living alone|||\n|**Income potential adults 18-59 years old:**
How many adults between the ages of 18-59
are there in the family?|**1 **
4 or more|**2 **
3|**3 **
2|**4 **
1|**5 **
0|||\n|**Access to an Income:**How many family
members aged 18-59 earn a regular income?|**1 **
Always (Daily)
1 or more|**2 **
Very often (every 2
days)
1 or more|**3 **
Often (weekly)
1 or more|**4 **
Seldom (less than
weekly)
1 or more|**5 **
Never
1 or more|||\n|**Children under 5 years of age:**How many
children are below the age of 5 years in the
family?|**1 **
0 children aged <5|**2 **
1 child aged <5|**3 **
2 children aged <5|**4 **
3 children aged<5|**5 **
4 or more children aged
<5|||\n|**Indebtedness:**Does the family have
documented debt?|**1 **
None|**2 **
>100 JD|**3 **
>200 JD|**4 **
>300 JD|**5 **
>500 JD|||\n|**Total**||||||||\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 6 Household/individual Vulnerability Score Card Zaatari Camp**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Dimension/Question|Vulnerability Score
Low High|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Score|Data Source|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Access to safe water:**Does the family have
access to enough safe water?|**1 **
Always
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (at least 2
containers of 10-20 lt)|**2 **
Very often
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (at least 2
containers of 10-20 lt)|**3 **
Often
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (at least 2
containers of 10-20 lt)|**4 **
Seldom
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (at least 2
containers of 10-20 lt)|**5 **
Never
Less than 30 minutes
waiting time at water
point
and
Adequate storage at
household (at least 2
containers of 10-20 lt)|||\n|**Access to Sanitation:**Does the family have
access to enough sanitary facilities?|**1 **
Always
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**2 **
Very often
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**3 **
Often
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**4 **
Seldom
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|**5 **
Never
No more than 20
people/toilet
Safe for women and
children|||\n|**Access to Health Services:**Does the family
always have access to adequate health
services?|**1 **
Always
Have free access to
health services when
needed|**2 **
Very often
Have free access to
health services when
needed|**3 **
Often
Have free access to
health services when
needed|**4 **
Seldom
Have free access to
health services when
needed|**5 **
Never
Have free access to
health services when
needed|||\n|**Access to Education Services:**Does the family
have access to education services?|**1 **
Always
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|**2 **
Very Often
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|**3 **
Often
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner
|**4 **
Seldom
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner
|**5 **
Never
Children able to attend
school in a safe and
secure manner|||\n|**Access to Electricity:**Does the family always
have enough electricity supply?|**1 **
Always|**2 **
Very often (cuts every 2
two weeks that last
less than 4 hours)|**3 **
Often (weekly cut that
lasts more than 4
hours)|**4 **
Seldom (daily cuts that
last more than 4 hours)|**5 **
Never|||\n|**Access to Shelter:** Does the family always
have enough electricity supply?|**1 **
3 or more Caravans|**2 **
2 caravans|**3 **
1 caravan|**4 **
2 or more tents|**5 **
1 tent|||\n|**Family Support:** How many family members
are there?|**1 **
>than 5|**2 **
>4|**3 **
>2|**4 **
>1|**5 **
Living alone|||\n|**Income potential adults 18-59 years old:**
How many adults between the ages of 18-59|**1 **
4 or more|**2 **
3|**3 **
2|**4 **
1|**5 **
0|||\n\n\n16\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household/individual Vulnerability Score Card", - "confidence": 0.9481361508369446, - "start": 4, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari Camp", - "confidence": 0.9500653743743896, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family Support", - "confidence": 0.8898508548736572, - "start": 1123, - "end": 1125 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "family members", - "confidence": 0.7595336437225342, - "start": 1130, - "end": 1132 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Income potential adults", - "confidence": 0.588107705116272, - "start": 1200, - "end": 1203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|are there in the family?|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Access to an Income:**How many family
members aged 18-59 earn a regular income?|**1 **
Always (Daily)
1 or more|**2 **
Very often (every 2
days)
1 or more|**3 **
Often (weekly)
1 or more|**4 **
Seldom (less than
weekly)
1 or more|**5 **
Never
1 or more|||\n|**Children under 5 years of age:**How many
children are below the age of 5 years in the
family?|**1 **
0 children aged <5|**2 **
1 child aged <5|**3 **
2 children aged <5|**4 **
3 children aged<5|**5 **
4 or more children aged
<5|||\n|**Indebtedness:**Does the family have
documented debt?|**1 **
None|**2 **
>100 JD|**3 **
>200 JD|**4 **
>300 JD|**5 **
>500 JD|||\n|**Total**||||||||\n\n\n17\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f36939c9-7234-371f-87cb-744133ba1925/ConceptualFrameworkforVulnerbailityAnalysisSyrianRefugeesJordanFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_305/raw/doc_305_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_305/raw/doc_305_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ce73e2263ff76771bf2bd3741e2e2de980b4742..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_305/raw/doc_305_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,955 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CONNECTING** **REFUGEES**\n## How Internet and Mobile Connectivity can Improve Refugee Well-Being and Transform Humanitarian Action.\n\nConnecting Refugees 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **CONNECTING** **REFUGEES**\n## How Internet and Mobile Connectivity can Improve Refugee Well-Being and Transform Humanitarian Action.\n\nGeneva, September 2016\n\n\n\nFront cover: Uganda/ A young South Sudanese man tries to get signal on\nhis mobile phone in Nyumanzi refugee settlement, Adjumani, northern\nUganda. From this hill overlooking the refugee settlements, refugees\ncan sometimes pick up the South Sudanese phone network and make\ncheaper calls home. \u00a9 UNHCR/Cosmos/Frederic Noy\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 1: Kenya/\nInstant Network\nSchools open up a\nnew world for Somali\nrefugees. Secondary\nSchool Nasib is one\nof 13 schools and\nvocational training\ncentres in Dadaab\nthat have been\nconnected to the\nInternet under an\neducation programme\nlaunched in 2014\nby the UN Refugee\nAgency and Vodafone\nFoundation.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/ Silja\nOstermann\n\n\n##### **From the High Commissioner**\n\nOver the last 25 years, the internet and mobile communications have transformed life in the\nindustrialised and the developing world. Now that information is so freely available, we worry more\nabout overload than scarcity. Mobile communications and social media provide an ever-expanding\nvariety of ways to stay in touch with friends, family and colleagues. Cloud computing, remote working\nand networked global teams are re-shaping the way that we interact and connect.\n\nNot so for the world\u2019s refugees. Today, more than 65 million people \u2013 the largest number in decades\n\n- are living as refugees or are internally displaced, uprooted from their homes in search of safety, and\noften struggling to access the basic means of survival. But displaced people are also living without\nthe connectivity they need to obtain vital information, communicate with loved ones, access basic\nservices and to link to the local, national and global communities around them. The locations in which\nthey live frequently lack digital networks and infrastructure, or the connectivity that is available there\nis too expensive. The digital revolution transforming the world is leaving refugees behind.\n\nA connected refugee population can also play a critical role in enabling organizations such as UNHCR\nto innovate effectively and to improve the quality of services that we provide. Connectivity has the\npotential to transform how we communicate, the way in which we respond to the protection needs\nof displaced people, and our delivery of humanitarian services. Most significantly, better connectivity\ncan promote self-reliance by broadening the opportunities for refugees to improve their own lives.\nAccess to the internet and mobile telephone services has the potential to create a powerful multiplier\neffect, boosting the well-being of refugees and of the communities that host them.\n\nOur research shows clearly, however, that many refugees need additional support to access reliable\ninternet and mobile communications.\n\nThe findings also confirm that we need the engagement of the private sector \u2013 in particular, large\ntechnology companies and mobile network operators \u2013 if we are to achieve this vision.\n\nI am delighted that UNHCR\u2019s Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications (DIST), in\ncollaboration with Accenture Development Partnerships (ADP), has undertaken this research and\nis launching a new UNHCR Global Connectivity Strategy for Refugees. I very much hope that it will\ngarner the support it deserves.\n\n\n**\u2013 Filippo Grandi, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n\n\n4 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 2: Rwanda/ A\ngirl talks to her family\nin Burundi for the first\ntime since fleeing\npolitical violence, on\na phone provided by\nhumanitarian workers\nin Mahama Refugee\nCamp, Rwanda.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Kate Holt\n\n\n##### **Contents**\n\n**Executive Summary** **8**\nThe Challenge: Refugees are Behind in Connectivity 8\nThe Strategy: Partnering to Address Challenge 8\nUNHCR Budget for 2016 9\n\n\n**Part One: Research & Implications** **12**\nResearch Findings 12\nImplications of Research Findings 20\n\n\n**Part Two: The Strategy & Way Forward** **22**\nStrategy Objectives 22\nStrategic Interventions 23\nImplementation Approach 27\nPartners 27\n\n\n**Conclusion** **31**\nSustainability 31\nLooking Forward: Connected Refugees Enhance Humanitarian Services 31\n\n\n**Appendix: Facts and Figures** **35**\nConnectivity user profiles - 35\nGlobal Refugees - Availability of Connectivity 36\nRegional Breakdown and Country - Availability of Connectivity 37\nAnalysis of Mobile Coverage and Global Refugee Locations 40\n\n\nThis document, and the research it contains, was compiled by UNHCR\u2019s Division of Information\nSystems and Telecommunications (DIST) in collaboration with Accenture Development Partnerships\n(ADP). It provides an overview of the first ever Global Assessment of Refugee Connectivity, as well\nas a summary of UNHCR\u2019s Global Connectivity Strategy for Refugees. The research findings and\nthe strategy presented here are informed by comprehensive field assessments, surveys and desk\nresearch into the connectivity situation of refugees globally, in addition to collaborative feedback\nfrom divisions and bureaux within UNHCR.\n\n\n\n6 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Connectivity user profiles", - "confidence": 0.7611086964607239, - "start": 170, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7935009598731995, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Global Refugees", - "confidence": 0.744423508644104, - "start": 175, - "end": 177 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Executive Summary**\n\n**The Challenge: Refugees are Behind in Connectivity**\n\n\n_The digital revolution is transforming the world but refugees are being left behind. Today, almost_\n_65 million forcibly displaced refugees and internally displaced persons are living without reliable_\n_internet and mobile connectivity._\n\n\nHaving to live offline means that contact and communication with loved ones is difficult and often\nimpossible. Without access to up-to-date information on events back in their home countries as well\nas in their countries of asylum, refugees cannot access basic services such as health and education\nor make informed decisions on how to start improving their lives. A lack of connectivity constrains\nthe capacity of refugee communities to organize and empower themselves, cutting off the path to\nself-reliance. But it also constrains the kind of transformative innovation in humanitarian assistance\nat a time when such a transformation has never been more necessary.\n\n\nUNHCR believes we can do better. Through creative partnerships and smart investments, UNHCR\naims to ensure that all refugees, and the communities that host them, are connected to mobile\nnetworks and the internet so that they can leverage these technologies to improve their lives.\nUNHCR recognizes it cannot create a connected refugee population on its own. Partnerships are key\n\n- between refugees and host communities, and between governments, civil society and the private\nsector. In particular, UNHCR is seeking to build strong, multi-faceted partnerships with the technology\nand telecommunications sectors to ensure that refugees can benefit from the digital revolution.\n\n\nOur recently completed global assessment of this issue indicates that while seven per cent of refugee\ncommunities lack the requisite digital infrastructure for internet access and mobile communications,\nmost refugees in urban areas live in places that have 2G or 3G mobile coverage. For those in rural\nareas, however, the situation is far worse, with 20 per cent living in areas with no connectivity. Our\nassessment has also found that refugees often spend up to a third of their disposable income on\nstaying connected \u2013 highlighting the main obstacle to refugee connectivity: cost. Globally, refugees\nare 50 per cent less likely than the general population to have an internet-enabled phone, and 29\nper cent of refugee households have no phone at all.\n\n\nAll this is a major barrier to innovation and transformative change in humanitarian action. A connected\nrefugee population would unleash innovation in areas such as communicating with displaced\npersons, responding to their security needs, and getting humanitarian services to them. It would\nimprove their lives and transform humanitarian operations.\n\n\nThe digital revolution is more than 25 years old. It is shocking we didn\u2019t do this before. Now is the\ntime to start.\n\n\n**The Vision of Connectivity for Refugees**\n\n\nUNHCR aims, through creative partnerships and smart investments, to ensure that all refugees,\nand the communities that host them, have access to **available, affordable and usable mobile and**\n**internet connectivity** in order to leverage these technologies for protection, communications,\neducation, health, self-reliance, community empowerment, and durable solutions.\n\n\n**The Strategy: Finding Partners to Tackle Problems**\n\n\n_The strategy seeks to address the following key challenges:_ _**How can reliable connectivity be**_\n_**made available for refugees? How can it be made affordable? How can refugees make the best**_\n_**use of it?**_\n\n\nWorking with governments, NGOs and the tech and telecoms sectors, UNHCR will build strong, multifaceted partnerships that ensure refugees can benefit from the digital revolution.\nThe 10 options below identify opportunities to: 1) expand the availability of mobile/internet networks,\n\n\n\nparticularly in rural areas with poor or non-existent infrastructure, 2) reduce barriers to affordability\nfor all refugees, and 3) increase the usability and relevance of the internet for displaced populations.\n\n\n\nFigure 3: Intervention\noptions to enhance\navailability,\naffordability and\nusability\n\n\nFigure 4: Yemeni\nrefugee shows his\nson\u2019s picture on a\nmobile phone.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Oualid\nKhelifi\n\n\n\n**Availability**\n**Interventions**\n\n\n_Network infrastructure_\n_and reliable electricity_\n\n\n**Affordability**\n**Interventions**\n\n\n_Accessible or_\n_subsidised pricing_\n\n\n**Usability**\n\n**Interventions**\n\n\n_Digital literacy, training_\n_and access to relevant_\n_services_\n\n\n\n**1.** Advocate for MNO Infrastructure\n\n\n**2.** Advocate to Governments for Infrastructure and Access\n\n\n**3.** Advocate to ISPs/Alternative Technology Companies for Infrastructure\n\n\n**4** . Make Targeted Investments in Infrastructure\n\n\n**5** . Negotiate Refugee Specific Plans and Discounts\n\n\n**6.** Subsidise Devices and Mobile/Internet Plans\n\n\n**7** . Deploy and Expand Community Internet Access Centres\n\n\n**8** . Develop and Implement Training Programs\n\n\n**9** . Enable an Ecosystem for Digital Service Delivery\n\n\n**10** . Facilitate Development of Refugee Relevant Content\n\n\n\n**Country-Specific Strategies & Implementation**\n\n\nThe Global Strategy for Connectivity for Refugees sets out the vision and establishes a framework\nfor addressing the challenges for refugees around the world. UNHCR aims to work with its partners\nto tailor this global approach to local contexts in order to implement country specific strategies. Pilot\nprogrammes will begin in 2016 to test and refine these interventions before the strategy can be\nadopted on an international level. In emergency situations, those interventions that focus on more\nimmediate needs will be prioritized.\n\n\n**UNHCR Budget for 2016**\n\n\nFor the launch and pilot-stage implementation of UNHCR\u2019s Global Programme for Connectivity for\nRefugees in 10 countries, UNHCR is actively seeking funding of **USD 6 million** .\n\n\n\n8 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 5: Italy/ Sub\nSaharan refugees\nand migrants taking\na rest at Le Zagare\nreception in the\nprovince of Siracusa\nwhile watching their\nmobiles. \u00a9 UNHCR/\nFabio Bucciarelli\n\n\n\nFigure 6: Cameroon/ Gbiti, 140 km east from\nBertoua, located on the border with Central\nAfrican Republic. Gbiti is one of the 3 gates\nwhere Mbororo refugees enter Cameroon, with\nGarou-Boula and Ngaoui. Children are sitting\naround the school, playing with cellular phones\nthat they drew. The closest phone connection\nis located 18km away, without any insurance\nthat the network is working. \u00a9 UNHCR/Frederic\nNoy/October 2009\n\n\nFigure 7: Nepal/ A Nepalese girl is seen talking\non the phone at her house destroyed by the\nearthquake in Sindhipalchok. On April 25, a\ndevastating earthquake killed more than 7,500\npeople and flattened towns and villages across\ncentral Nepal. \u00a9 UNHCR/Diego Ibarra S\u00e1nchez/\nMay 2015\n\n\n\n10 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 9: Maher\nshows the last selfie\nhe took with his\nfamily before they\nleft for Ethiopia.\n\u201cThe phone rung at\n6am, IOM called to\ninstruct us to go to\nthe airport, fighting\nwas so fierce then\nthat I even thought\nabout how risky it\nwould be to go, then\nI came back to my\nsenses to realise we\nhad no other choice.\nTwo hours later, I was\ntold they, my wife\nand my two children,\ncould go to Ethiopia,\nbut I couldn\u2019t. That\nwas the selfie I took\nafter complaining and\neventually accepting\nthat separation was\nreal and about to\nhappen for god\nknows how long\u201d.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Oualid\nKhelifi\n\n\nFigure 10: Refugee\nversus global\nhousehold phone\nownership\n\n\n\nThree-quarters of the total refugee population lives in Sub-Saharan Africa (29 per cent), the Middle\nEast and North Africa (29 per cent) and South Asia (18 per cent), areas that already have lower-thanaverage 3G coverage [3] .\n\n\n2. Affordability constraints \u2013 the most significant hurdle to overcome in connecting refugees \u2013 cause\naverage phone ownership and internet access for refugee households to be much lower than for\nglobal households.\n\n\n\nFigure 8: Refugee\nvs Global Population\nCoverage\n\n\n##### **Part One: Research & Implications**\n\n**Research Findings**\n\n\n_UNHCR, with the support of Accenture Development Partnerships (ADP), carried out a global_\n_assessment of refugees\u2019 access to, and use of, the internet and mobile phones where available_ _[1]_ _, to_\n_help inform the development of a new UNHCR Global Strategy for Connectivity for Refugees. The_\n_research made 11 key findings._\n\n\n1. Refugees have similar access to mobile networks as the global population. However, when we look\nat the urban and rural split, rural refugees have less access to connectivity and are often overlooked\nin connectivity initiatives.\n\n\nGiven that developing countries today host more than 80 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees, the\nperception has arisen that a large part of the world\u2019s refugee population must live in areas not well\ncovered by mobile networks. UNHCR\u2019s research has determined that this is not the case. Using the\nmost recent data, UNHCR has found that 93 [2] per cent of all refugees live in places that are covered\nby at least a 2G network, and that 62 per cent live in locations covered by 3G networks.\n\n\nHowever, there are large differences in the availability of mobile networks when the urban and rural\ndata are examined separately. Unsurprisingly, urban areas tend to have better coverage. Ninety per\ncent of refugees living in urban areas are covered by 3G networks, similar to the proportion of global\nurban population living in 3G areas (89 per cent).\n\n**Refugees vs. Global Population:**\n**Mobile Network Coverage**\n\n100%\n\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nRefugees* Global Refugees* Global Refugees* Global\nPop** Pop** Pop**\n\nRural Urban Total\n\n3G 2G No Coverage\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Refugee Household**\n\n\n\n**Global Household**\n**Phone Ownership**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **VS.**\n\n\n\n\n\nIn rural areas, while coverage and quality is progressively improving thanks to increasing mobile\nnetwork penetration, refugees risk being overlooked in these expansion plans. For instance, only\n17 per cent of rural refugees live in areas with 3G coverage, compared to 29 per cent of the global\nrural population, while 20 per cent of rural refugees have no mobile coverage at all, which is double\nthe proportion of global rural population without coverage. Rural refugee locations are densely\npopulated, however, so if they are excluded from plans to expand networks, this amounts to a huge\nmissed opportunity.\n\n\n1 The analysis was informed by (i) direct feedback from 238 refugees through 20 focus groups in 10 countries;\n(ii) survey responses from 95 UNHCR staff members representing 44 countries and over 3 million refugees; (iii) in-person\ninterviews with over 30 UNHCR staff from 5 countries; (iv) analysis of proprietary mobile network coverage data; and (v)\nsupplementary data from UNHCR and the public domain\n2 Refugee Connectivity: GSMA/Collins Bartholomew 2014 Coverage Explorer product; MNO websites; Opensignal;\nGSMA Intelligence Country Data Reports; Survey Results (Top 50 Refugee Camps Connectivity Assessment,\nGlobal UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey); Connectivity Missions (Tanzania, Kenya, Greece, Jordan); GSMA Intelligence\ncountry data.\n**Global Population connectivity: ITU Facts and Figures 2015; UN Statistics; Refugee rural/urban distribution: 2013 UNHCR\nStatistical Yearbook \u2013 Table 16\n\n\n\nHouseholds with an internet Capable Phone\n\n\nHouseholds with a Basic Phone Households without a Phone\n\n\nCompared to the world as a whole, refugee households are approximately 50 [4] per cent less likely\nto have an internet-enabled phone and approximately two and a half times more likely to be living\nwithout a phone. This is driven by refugees\u2019 extreme difficulties in affording a device or data plan, a\nproblem caused by factors such as the very fact of their displacement or by government restrictions\non their right to work or move freely from place to place. Owing to a lack of income, refugee\nhouseholds often share phones within the family unit, as well as between families (especially in rural\ncamps). Thus the per capita phone ownership gap between refugees and the rest of the population\nis likely to be large.\n\n\n3 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook \u2013 Table 16. Only refugee locations with coverage and geographic information\nwere included in analysis & Facebook \u2013 2015 State of Connectivity Report\n4 Basic phone and internet enabled phone ownership: Focus groups and Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey.\nOther sources: Overall household phone ownership estimates based on ITU 2015 World Telecommunications Indicators\nReport. Split between smart phone, feature phone, and basic phone penetration based on research reports from Mobiforge\n& eMarketer.\n\n\n\n12 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "urban and rural\ndata", - "confidence": 0.8935267925262451, - "start": 470, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.987811267375946, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9750266671180725, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proprietary mobile network coverage data", - "confidence": 0.7002089619636536, - "start": 771, - "end": 776 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6717509031295776, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook", - "confidence": 0.6874147057533264, - "start": 1028, - "end": 1032 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Basic phone and internet enabled phone ownership", - "confidence": 0.7531026601791382, - "start": 1057, - "end": 1064 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7404625415802002, - "start": 1029, - "end": 1030 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.918097972869873, - "start": 1028, - "end": 1029 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6506881713867188, - "start": 1028, - "end": 1029 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6489049196243286, - "start": 935, - "end": 936 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. As with the global population, refugees experience differences in network coverage and device\nownership in urban and rural areas.\n\n\n\nFigure 14: Fixedline vs mobile\npenetration based on\nconnections, 2012\n\n\nFigure 15: Relative\nprice of fixed\nbroadband to mobile\nbroadband plan,\n2013-14\n\n\n\nIn some cases, refugees lack literacy in any language, which makes it virtually impossible for them\nto use the internet. And even where they have linguistic literacy, a lack of digital knowledge and\nfamiliarity can be an issue.\n\n\nRefugees from countries with poor internet penetration, or who have spent their entire lives in camps,\noften have difficulty understanding how to use the internet. Furthermore, mobile data price plans can\nbe complicated to understand, causing many refugees to avoid buying them.\n\n\n5. Mobile broadband is the cheapest and most scalable way to access the internet, but fixed-line\nbroadband can provide targeted services in places like classrooms and community centres and thus\nbridge gaps in coverage.\n\n\n\nMiddle East Sub-Saharan\n\nAfrica\n\n\n165.7%\n\n\n\nFigure 11: Urban\nversus rural network\ncoverage\n\n\nFigure 12: Urban\nversus rural refugee\nhousehold phone\nownership\n\n\nFigure 13: Largest\nbarriers to\nconnectivity at\nrefugee sites\n\n\n\n4. Language and digital literacy levels among refugees create yet another barrier to connectivity.\n\n\nUNHCR staff members indicate that next to cost, low levels of literacy comprise the second-biggest\nbarrier to connectivity for refugees [7] . Since much of the internet and many mobile applications are in\nEnglish, large numbers of refugees with limited or no English skills are prevented from using them.\nThere are also variations across age groups and backgrounds, with younger people tending to be\nmore computer literate while refugees who hail from towns and cities have, as a rule, higher levels of\ndigital literacy than those originally from the countryside.\n\n\n**Largest Barriers to Internet Use**\n\nDevice Affordability\n\nPoor literacy\n\nPlan Affordability (Voice/Data)\n\nNetwork Signal Strength\n\nUnderstanding Phone Plan Options\n\nNo content in local language\n\nDifficulty chargingmobile phones\n\nLack of need or interest\n\n\n\n**Network Coverage**\n\n**Urban refugee population** **Rural refugee population**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n132%\n\n\n\n\n\n**Coverage Type** 3G 2G No Coverage\n\n\n**Phone ownership**\n\n**Urban refugee population** **Rural refugee population**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nForty per cent of all refugees live in\nrural locations. In these places, only\n17 per cent have access to mobile\nnetworks [5] with 3G speeds or better.\nMoreover, rural locations typically\nhave significant problems getting\naccess to electricity. Such challenges\nare not limited to refugees, however\n\n- their host communities and other\nrural populations all over the world\nexperience similar issues.\nIn terms of phone ownership [6], 68 per\ncent of refugee households in urban\nlocations have an internet-capable\nmobile phone, versus just 22 per cent\nin rural locations. This is partly because\nrural communities are often poorer and\nhave worse mobile coverage, but also\nbecause refugees in towns and cities\nhave a greater need of such devices\nfor navigation and information; they\nprioritize phone ownership as critical\nto their security.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAsia Pacific Latin\nAmerica\n\n\n\nEurope\n\n(EU27)\n\n\n\nFixed Broadband Cost % of GNI\n\n\n\nNorth\nAmerica\n\n\n\n**Households with\u2026** \u2026an internet Capable Phone \u2026a Basic Phone\n\u2026no Phone\n\n\n\nMobile broadband (e.g. internet\naccessed via 3G+ mobile data\nnetworks) is both cheaper and\nmore widely available than fixed or\nsatellite broadband. Across the world,\nthe number of mobile broadband\nconnections is higher than that\nfor fixed broadband [8] . The gap is\nparticularly large in Sub-Saharan\nAfrica, where mobile connections are\nalmost 50 times greater than fixed-line\nconnections. Mobile broadband is also\nsignificantly cheaper than fixed.\n\n\nFixed broadband is over four times\nmore expensive than mobile in SubSaharan Africa and East Asia and the\nPacific [9] . However, in some locations\n(e.g. remote areas or education\ncentres), fixed broadband solutions\nsuch as Wi-Fi could be a valuable\nmeans of connecting key access points\nsuch as classrooms and community\ncentres. For example, UNHCR\u2019s\nCommunity Technology Access\nprogramme is underpinned by Wi-Fi,\nproviding services to refugees who\nwant to learn how to use computers\nand the internet.\n\n\n\nFurthermore, there has been a rise in innovative new solutions, aimed at delivering connectivity to\nthe unconnected, such as TV White Space, drones, balloons, and so on. The future of connectivity,\nespecially in poorly covered areas, may look very different if these solutions reach scale.\n\n\n6. Despite affordability constraints, refugees place significant value on being connected.\n\n\nRefugees deem connectivity to be a critical survival tool in their daily lives and are willing to make\nlarge sacrifices to get and stay connected. For instance, in Jordan, refugee families spend 10-20\nper cent [10] of their cash distributions on connectivity (after paying for housing) \u2013 prioritizing it over\nmany other important needs such as clothing and health care. In Tanzania, refugees were observed\nto be selling as much as a third of their monthly food ration in order to purchase airtime and data for\ntheir mobile phones. Survey data shows that connectivity has often been prioritized over items such\nas education, clothing and health care. [11]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMiddle East &\n\nNorth Africa\n\n\n\nSub-Saharan\n\nAfrica\n\n\n\nEast Asia &\n\nPacific\n\n\n\nSouth Asia Latin America &\n\nCaribbean\n\n\n\nEurope &\nCentral Asia\n\n\n\nInability to operate a mobile phone\n\nLack of awareness on how to accessmobile \u2026\n\nRegulatory restrictions\n\nRestrictions fromfamily on using phones\n\nSecurity/Privacy concerns\n\n\n\nLegend:\n\n\n\nAffordability\n\n\n\nUsability\nAvailability\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35\n\n_# of Responses out of 95 UNHCR refugee sites_\n_surveyed_\n\n\n\n8 Adapted from: GSMA Intelligence Report: Gauging the relationship between fixed and mobile penetration,\nFebruary 2014\n9 ITU Broadband Cost Database 2013-2014\n10 Based on interviews conducted with four separate refugee families living in Amman and a focus group of over 20\nrefugees in Amman.\n11 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n\n\n\n5 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n6 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n7 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n\n\n\n14 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "phone ownership", - "confidence": 0.538211464881897, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban\nlocations", - "confidence": 0.556606650352478, - "start": 507, - "end": 509 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9260708093643188, - "start": 504, - "end": 506 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey data", - "confidence": 0.9866878390312195, - "start": 946, - "end": 948 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8227409720420837, - "start": 946, - "end": 947 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tanzania", - "confidence": 0.9323912262916565, - "start": 916, - "end": 917 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9083330035209656, - "start": 918, - "end": 919 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ITU Broadband Cost Database", - "confidence": 0.8403141498565674, - "start": 1059, - "end": 1063 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Gauging the relationship between fixed and mobile penetration", - "confidence": 0.6795870661735535, - "start": 1047, - "end": 1055 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GSMA Intelligence", - "confidence": 0.6585420966148376, - "start": 1043, - "end": 1045 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amman", - "confidence": 0.7361303567886353, - "start": 1076, - "end": 1077 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013-2014", - "confidence": 0.9792568683624268, - "start": 1063, - "end": 1064 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5038490891456604, - "start": 918, - "end": 919 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey", - "confidence": 0.6716005802154541, - "start": 1089, - "end": 1094 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8789781332015991, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1094 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9994797110557556, - "start": 1094, - "end": 1095 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9869743585586548, - "start": 1094, - "end": 1095 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 16: Instances\nwhere connectivity\nhas been prioritised\nover other items\n\n\nFigure 17: Most\npopular uses of the\ninternet for refugees\n\n\n\n**Survey Question:** How often have you observed situations in\nwhich refugees prioritisedpaying for connectivity over the\nfollowing wants and needs? (n=67)\n\n\n30\n\n25\n\n20\n\n15\n\n10\n\n5\n\n0\n\n\n7. Connectivity is critical for refugees in communicating with friends and family, in both their home\nand host country.\n\n\nIn all discussions between refugees and UNHCR staff, communication with friends and family was\nidentified as the most important need from connectivity. Arguably, this need is greater for refugees\nthan for the general population because displacement often separates refugees from their loved\nones and can leave them isolated. Knowing where friends and family are and knowing that they are\nsafe is of paramount importance to refugees.\n\n\nApart from that, connectivity has proven to be vital in empowering refugees to educate and entertain\nthemselves, and for earning a livelihood in refugee sites. [12]\n\n\n**Survey Question:** To the best of your knowledge,\ndo refugees use the internet for the following\npurposes?\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n8. There are cultural and societal challenges associated with \u201cinclusively\u201d connecting women, but\nthese challenges are not unique to refugees.\n\n\nIn refugee populations, women, the elderly and the less educated are less likely to have access to\nmobile phones and the internet. Cultural and social norms often dictate who does or does not have\naccess to technology. This finding reflects the situation outside refugee populations, however. For\nexample, in low and middle-income countries, a woman is 21 per cent less likely to own a mobile\n\n\n12 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n\n\n\nphone than a man [13] . This imbalance can exacerbate situations for the most vulnerable refugees.\nInsights from focus groups below show some specific issues that refugee women face with regard\nto connectivity:\n\n\n - A single woman with several children and no income has a strong need to communicate with her\nchildren. In order to access the means to do so (e.g. procure a phone), she may be more willing\nto endure exploitation because she has no other way of affording it.\n\n - Some women in Rwanda would not be allowed access to the internet or to a mobile phone\nbecause their husbands would be more likely to suspect them of infidelity.\n\n - In Jordan, families have \u201cconnectivity managers\u201d who purchase phone plans for the household.\nWhile instances\n\n - of connectivity managers being women were observed, men generally control who has access\nin the household and how much access they have.\n\n\nFor older people less familiar with technology and for people with lower levels of education, access\nto the internet and mobile communications is clearly not enough by itself if they are to benefit from all\nthe opportunities these technologies can offer, and more must be done to help them in this regard.\n\n\nFigure 18: Refugee Facebook / Facebook Messenger\nsocial media use\n\nWhatsApp\n\nSkype\n\nViber\n\nGoogle Gmail + Hangouts\n\nInstagram\n\nWeChat\n\nLine\n\nBBM (Blackberry Messenger)\n\nSnapchat\n\nKik\n\nQQ\n\nKakao Talk\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%\n\n**Percentage of staff respondents who say refugees use an**\n**application at least once a week in their site**\n\n\n9. There is an enormous opportunity for UNHCR and its implementing partners to better leverage\nconnectivity.\n\n\nThe survey showed that Facebook, Skype, Viber and WhatsApp are the most popular social\nnetworking apps among refugees, and yet UNHCR in particular makes very little use of social media\nto communicate with them. [14]\n\nWhile some humanitarian groups are beginning to develop services that make use of mobile and\ninternet technologies, such initiatives are few and far between. In areas where there is existing\nconnectivity, NGOs and UNHCR are not fully taking advantage through mobile apps or SMS platforms.\nTransmission of important information to refugees is often done via individual home visits conducted\nby staff or refugee representatives. This \u2018analogue\u2019 communication process is often time-consuming\nand inefficient. Connecting refugees will have a transformative impact on the humanitarian sector.\n\n\n13 GSMA and Cherie Blair Foundation for Women, Women & Mobile: A Global Opportunity: A study on the mobile\nphone gender gap in low and middle-income countries\n14 Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey 2015\n\n\n\n16 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey Question", - "confidence": 0.6877719163894653, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8876616954803467, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8839390277862549, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9342426657676697, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8804921507835388, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5417117476463318, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5079833269119263, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9938807487487793, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global UNHCR Staff Connectivity Survey", - "confidence": 0.5589533448219299, - "start": 803, - "end": 808 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.583098292350769, - "start": 807, - "end": 808 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "low and middle-income countries", - "confidence": 0.8317402601242065, - "start": 798, - "end": 802 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9719606041908264, - "start": 808, - "end": 809 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6305391192436218, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, there are also security risks arising from refugees revealing their identities online, particularly\nfor those who are politically at risk. Data security is therefore extremely important, alongside the\nnecessary safeguards to protect organizations holding sensitive information against the threat of\ncyber attacks.\n\n\n11. The private sector is keen to support refugee connectivity and has already started investing in\ntransformative connectivity initiatives \u2013 but there is a need to scale up and expand these partnerships.\n\n\nThere are a few initiatives underway to bring connectivity to refugees \u2013 for example, the new mobile\nphone mast that Vodacom has put up in the Nyarugusu camp in Tanzania, providing 3G access.\nThis and similar initiatives show a willingness on the part of the private sector to support network\nexpansion and improve conditions for refugees. However, these should be scaled up from small,\nsite-specific projects to globally coordinated programmes by developing more comprehensive\npartnerships with the organizations and companies leading these projects. There is both the need\nand the opportunity to expand connectivity for protection, self-reliance and the delivery of services.\nWhat\u2019s more, any such initiatives must also take into account that access to electricity is essential if\nrefugees and host communities are to remain connected.\n\n\n\nFigure 19: Hungary/\nA photograph on\nrefugee Dara\u2019s phone\nshows his destroyed\nhome in Kobane,\npictured in Szeged,\nHungary. \u00a9 UNHCR/\nAndrew McConnell\n\n\n\nThe insights below from discussions with UNHCR staff and partners demonstrate these current gaps\nin the use of connectivity:\n\n\n- NGOs in Tanzania said there were huge safeguarding opportunities through enhanced\nconnectivity (e.g. help lines or mass messaging to inform refugees about major issues, such as\na cholera outbreak). [15]\n\n- There are, however, some new solutions being developed to reach refugees, such as UNHCR\u2019s\nAscend [16], which has been piloted in Costa Rica. This uses Frontline Cloud (an online SMS\nmanagement platform) and allows organizations to send out mass messages or surveys to\nrefugees while keeping a digital record of responses. But to get the best out of this sort of\ntechnology, such initiatives would have to be expanded and coordinated via a comprehensive\nprogramme.\n\n\nIn the annex, we take a deeper look into two specific profiles: Julian, a Burundian refugee from\nNyarugusu, Tanzania, and Tali, a UNHCR field officer in Amman, Jordan. Both profiles highlight the\nhuge benefit connectivity could bring to refugees but also how it could revolutionize the way UNHCR\noperates and communicates with persons of concern. _Note: the names and details presented in the_\n_profile have been altered to protect their identities._\n\n\n10. Refugees, UNHCR staff and NGO partners see connectivity as critical to the protection of refugees.\n\n\nDiscussions with refugees, UNHCR staff and partner organizations revealed a consensus that\nconnectivity can significantly improve refugee safety and security. For example, refugees in a\nNairobi focus group expressed a desire to be able to quickly alert their communities via mobile\nif they encountered any danger [17] . There is great demand to use phones to access information on\nissues such as food distribution, water and sanitation for health (WASH) assistance and other health\nservices. UNHCR staff and partners agreed that there were endless possibilities for digital protection\nservices.\n\n\nThe insights below from refugees highlight how useful connectivity would be to them for protection\nreasons:\n\n\n- \u201cThe problem is that in my community, getting timely access to first aid is hard, so it\u2019ll really help\nif an app can teach basic first aid, or warn of disease outbreak\u201d Urban refugee in Kenya.\n\n- \u201cDue to the precarious protection situation, a mobile phone is considered a protection tool, for\nexample to call friends if arrested, to alert friends of raids, or to use applications like Waze to\nnavigate safely\u201d Urban Refugee in Malaysia\n\n- \u201cA safety app would be very useful to warn us about which part of community/city we should\navoid dangerous areas\u201d Urban Refugee in Kenya.\n\n\n15 UNHCR Refugee Connectivity Mission to Tanzania 2015\n16 http://innovation.unhcr.org/labs_post/ascend/\n17 UNHCR Refugee Connectivity Mission to Kenya 2015\n\n\n\nFigure 20: Greece/\nRefugees arrive on\nthe Island of Lesbos\nafter crossing the\nAegean from Turkey.\nSyrian refugees who\njust landed on the\nNorthern shores\nof Lesbos Island\nfrom Turkey try to\nget mobile phone\nreceptions so that\nthey can check their\nlocation and notify\nrelatives that they\narrived safely.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Ivor\nPrickett\n\n\n\n18 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Frontline Cloud", - "confidence": 0.6549867987632751, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8922308087348938, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Costa Rica", - "confidence": 0.9072999954223633, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9773414731025696, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Implications of Research Findings**\n\n\n_The research proves that there is enormous opportunity and potential to enhance refugees\u2019 lives_\n_by increasing their access to connectivity and their ability to use it to help themselves and others._\n_Furthermore, host communities as well as refugees feel the benefits._\n\n\nThe following conclusions from the research provide an insight into how best to enhance connectivity\nfor refugees; they form the basis of the Global Strategy for Connectivity for Refugees.\n\n\n**Improvements to mobile networks will have a positive impact on refugees as well as their host**\n**communities.** Urban refugees have similar internet and mobile network coverage as the rest of the\nworld. Refugees living in rural locations are more likely to have less coverage and less access to\npower infrastructure than the communities around them. Indeed, 20 per cent of rural refugees (0.9\nmillion people in total) have no coverage at all, and 63 per cent have only 2G access (2.8 million\npeople in total). But refugee sites are typically densely populated. Increasing coverage in those\nareas will not only benefit the refugee population but also the host community. This makes the value\nproposition for expanding network coverage to rural refugee locations more attractive to mobile\nnetwork operators, host communities and host governments.\n\n\n**Making connectivity affordable is critical.** Where networks do exist, refugees struggle to afford\nconnectivity but still buy data with the scarce means they have, though strictly limiting its usage.\nSmartphone ownership, in particular, presents the greatest challenge, with refugees almost half as\nlikely as the general population to own an internet-enabled phone. The inability of refugees to afford\nmobile and internet is of particular concern in countries where the right to work and freedom of\nmovement are not granted. One way of overcoming this would be to provide refugees with access\nto reduced prices and/or increasing their purchasing power in order to sustainably improve their\nconnectivity while pursuing livelihood out of camp strategies.\n\n\n**Mobile broadband is a feasible way of improving refugee connectivity at scale. Providing free**\n**and** **low-cost Wi-Fi for refugees in community centres, schools and similar places can also boost**\n**access, particularly when costs would otherwise be prohibitive.** Mobile broadband is the most\nwidely used form of internet access where it is available, as it is also the cheapest. Providing free or\ncheap Wi-Fi in community centres, schools and other places where refugees gather can also improve\naccess, particularly when costs would otherwise be prohibitive. This approach is also effective in\ntowns and cities, particularly when Wi-Fi hot spots are combined with computer learning centres.\nFurthermore, in future we may see that the rise of innovative connectivity solutions, such as TV White\nSpace (unused broadcasting frequencies), drones, balloons, etc will complement mobile and fixed\nbroadband in reaching previously under-resourced areas.\n\n\n**UNHCR and its partners can maximize impact by using connectivity better to deliver services.**\nGiven vast digital disruption occurring across the world, there is a huge opportunity for partners to\nleverage connectivity for refugee protection. But being online poses certain risks associated with data\nsecurity. As such, training programmes should include both digital literacy alongside approaches for\nusing the web securely. Furthermore, connectivity should also be made available to refugees in their\nown and in local languages \u2013 indeed, refugees themselves could translate content, which would\nprovide them with some income. However, without affordable connectivity, refugees will not be able\nto access digital services. Unless mobile and internet access are available and affordable, innovative\ndigital apps and services will not have a truly transformative impact.\n\n\n\nFigure 21: Jordan/\nA billboard above a\nshop along Za'atari's\nmarket area, which\nreferences various\nsocial media\nplatforms and\nmessaging apps that\nare popular among\nSyrians. Photo credit:\nAl Jazeera/Michael\nPizzi.\n\n\nFigure 22: Uganda/ A\nyoung refugee calls\nrelatives who stayed\nbehind in Congo.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Frederic\nNoy/ November 2012\n\n\n\n20 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Strategic Interventions**\n\n\n_UNHCR will deploy a mix of ten strategic interventions that_\n_address issues of availability, affordability and usability,_\n_refugees face. During the pilot phase, our analysis will_\n_identify which interventions require adapting to country-_\n_specific contexts._\n\n\n**Availability Interventions: Improving Access to Networks**\n**and Reducing Regulatory Barriers.**\n\n\nRoughly 40 per cent of all refugees and 40 per cent of\nthe global population do not have access to a 3G+ mobile\nnetwork, most of them in rural areas. **Increasing the**\n**availability of mobile and internet networks for the 38**\n**per cent of refugees that do not have mobile broadband**\n**access will benefit both refugees and host communities** .\nMoreover, providing and maintaining accessible electricity\ninfrastructure is essential for ensuring that people can stay\nconnected.\n\n\nUNHCR aims to improve availability where networks are poor through partnerships and advocacy\nwith the private sector and governments. Where advocacy is unable or unlikely to yield positive\noutcomes, UNHCR may itself invest in connectivity infrastructure (such as microwave links, satellites,\nand electricity supply), but only as a last resort. The four availability interventions are discussed\nbelow.\n\n\nImproving access to mobile networks allows for the most scalable and affordable access to\nconnectivity. **UNHCR will advocate to mobile network operators to establish or expand networks**\n**in locations with limited 3G capability (or none).** Specific appeals would include construction of\nnew cellular masts, installation of temporary masts, or enhancement of existing infrastructure. Based\non country specific analysis, UNHCR will collaborate with network operators to devise a marketbased approach to network expansion to refugee locations.\n\n\n**UNHCR will advocate to telecommunications regulators and other agencies** to create incentives\nfor mobile network operators, internet services providers (ISPs) and other technology companies to\nexpand their infrastructure. UNHCR will also advocate to governments to include refugee locations\nin rural electrification plans and to reduce regulatory barriers preventing refugees from accessing\nconnectivity (e.g. looser identification requirements to obtain SIM cards). Working to reduce regulatory\nbarriers is applicable to both rural and urban refugees.\n\n\n**UNHCR will advocate to ISPs and other tech companies to establish or improve Wi-Fi infrastructure**\n**in refugee locations** by using microwave links, satellite dishes, unused TV spectrum and connectivityenabling drones and balloons, among other innovations. UNHCR will also advocate for alternative\npower solutions when electricity from the grid is not available. UNHCR would perform similar analysis\nand collaboration as in Intervention 1 in order to partner with ISPs and other companies.\n\n\nWhere advocacy with the private sector and/or the government is not feasible or is unsuccessful,\n**UNHCR will consider investing in Wi-Fi network infrastructure via ISPs and other alternative**\n**technology companies** . Investment might also be made in electricity infrastructure (e.g. solar\ncharging stations) to support mobile charging, especially in rural areas and camp-like situations. This\nintervention is a lower-priority option, however, owing to high resource requirements and a lack of\nsustainability.\n\n\n##### **Part Two: The Strategy & Way Forward**\n\n**Strategy Objectives**\n\n\n_To address the issues identified in the Assessment, refugees must have access to_ _**available,**_\n_**affordable and usable mobile**_ _and internet connectivity. As such, UNHCR created the Connectivity_\n_for Refugees programme to collaborate with external partners and implement strategic interventions_\n_tailored to country and region specific contexts._\n\n\n**UNHCR aims to ensure refugees have** access to **available, affordable and viable mobile and**\n**internet connectivity** in order to use it for protection, communication, education, health care, selfreliance, community empowerment and other durable solutions.\n\n\n\nFigure 24: Tanzania/\nA new 3G tower\nbuilt by Vodacom\nin the middle of the\nNyarugusu camp,\nTanzania\n\n\n\nFigure 23: Enhanced\nAvailability,\nAffordability and\nUsability Enables 5\nKey Benefits\n\n\n\n**USABILITY**\nDigital literacy and access\nto relevant\ncontent/services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**AVAILABILITY** **AFFORDABILITY**\n\n\n\n\n\nMobile/WiFi\ninfrastructure and\nreliable electricity\n\n\n\nAccessible or\nsubsidised pricing\n\n\n\nGovernments and the private sector, in particular mobile network operators, can ensure refugees\nhave access to networks and can afford connectivity. In certain cases, UNHCR will support subsidies\nfor vulnerable populations to enable them to purchase connectivity, as well as support communitybased free/low-cost Wi-Fi services. In addition, digital training for refugees must be provided in order\nto facilitate the delivery of refugee-specific content, alongside ensuring they can navigate the web\nsafely. These interventions will enhance access to mobile and internet connectivity. Available mobile/\ninternet infrastructure and affordable access are the foundations of connectivity. Usable services and\napplications will ensure that transformative change can occur at scale for refugees all over the world.\n\n\nIt is important to note, however, that refugees benefit from all levels of connectivity. For instance,\neven with a 2G cellular network and access to a basic phone, they can carry out money transactions,\naccess SMS and interactive voice response (IVR) based training, and communicate with their families.\nAlthough the ultimate goal is to target broadband speeds and make internet-enabled devices\navailable in order to truly empower refugees, UNHCR will design its interventions so that people can\nbenefit from the full range of available connectivity.\n\n\n\n**Levels of Connectivity**\n\n\n\n**Benefits to Refugees**\n\n\n\n**3G**\n**+**\n\n\n\n**Full**\n**Featured**\n**Devices**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Basic**\n**2G**\n**Phone**\n\n\n\n\n\n22 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Usability Interventions: Enable Richer Use of the internet through Training Programmes and**\n**Relevant Digital** **Content and Services**\n\n\nThe global connectivity assessment revealed that six of the top ten challenges with refugee\nconnectivity were related to usability issues such as poor literacy, lack of digital skills, and lack\nof relevant content in the local language. To address this, **UNHCR will work with implementing**\n**partners and the private sector to deliver training and encourage the creation of refugee-relevant**\n**content and services.**\n\n\nIn areas where only 2G cellular coverage is available, UNHCR will encourage implementing partners\nto take advantage of SMS or voice-based services, such as appointment booking or mass SMS\nannouncements, to improve communication or content delivery to refugees. In parallel, UNHCR will\nbe advocating for development of digital service delivery once mobile broadband is available to\nrefugees.\n\nThere are three interventions that address usability barriers to connectivity:\n\n\n**UNHCR will coordinate the development and delivery of digital literacy training programmes**\n**to increase refugees\u2019 ability to fully use the internet.** Such training will also include information\naround data security so that refugees are aware of how to use their data online responsibly. The\ndevelopment and delivery of these programmes will be in co-operation with implementing and\nprivate sector partners. UNHCR will look to integrate and work with existing UNHCR and partner\ninitiatives, such as the Community Technology Access (CTA) programme.\n\n\n**UNHCR will work with implementing partners and the private sector to develop and utilize**\n**applications to support digital service delivery for refugees** (e.g., mobile health alerts, e-registration).\nWhere appropriate, UNHCR will fund and develop applications to support protection and other\nmandates. UNHCR will also work to make it easier for partners to deliver services digitally by\nreleasing non-personal refugee data in open formats, recommending application standards and\nenabling Application Program Interfaces (APIs) to standard web services.\n\n\n**UNHCR will facilitate the development of refugee-relevant content and applications for enhancing**\n**service delivery.** Through training and communications, UNHCR will encourage partners and\nrefugees to develop and publish relevant content online and to make use of social media. This will\nfacilitate collaboration within refugee communities, leading to increased well-being and self-reliance.\nUNHCR will also support the efforts of refugees to publish their own content online in a safe and\nresponsible manner. The connectivity programme will also take into consideration the various native\nlanguages of refugees and offer solutions, such as having multilingual refugees serve as translators.\n\n\n\nFigure 25: Uganda/\n25 year old Athong\nMayen works at\nhis day job in his\nphone charging\nshop in Nyumanzi\nrefugee settlement in\nnorthern Uganda.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Cosmos/\nFrederic Noy/\nDecember 2014\n\n\n\n**Affordability Interventions: Reduce Price of Connectivity and Expand Community Access**\n\n\n**UNHCR will prioritize affordability interventions where possible** as all refugees have difficulty\naffording devices, mobile data plans and internet access. From our assessment, refugee households\nare half as likely as the general population to own an internet-enabled phone [18] . UNHCR estimates\nthat those living in rural areas are more likely to find connectivity unaffordable because of the greater\nlack of livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nThere are three potential interventions available to address refugees\u2019 affordability challenges:\n\n\n**UNHCR aims to reduce the cost of device ownership by advocating to mobile network operators,**\n**ISPs and alternative technology firms** to create refugee-specific internet plans, provide discounts for\ndevices or allow greater access to low-cost devices in refugee sites. Refugee-specific internet plans\ncould comprise low/no-cost products such as operator-sponsored free data packages (e.g., free 100\nMB daily), zero-rated applications (e.g. Facebook\u2019s Free Basics), and low-priced bundles tailored for\nrefugees (e.g., more international SMS and less local voice services in Sub-Saharan Africa). Where\nrelevant, UNHCR will also collaborate with the private sector on custom pricing for implementing\npartners and other humanitarian agencies to reduce the cost of providing digital services to refugees\n(e.g., discounts on mass-SMS platforms or mobile money transfer rates to support mobile cash\ndistribution).\n\n\n**For particularly vulnerable populations who may not be able to access reduced pricing from**\n**Intervention 5, UNHCR may electronically or physically distribute cash/voucher subsidies** . This\ncould take shape in one of two ways: (1) altering methodologies of existing UNHCR/partner cash\ndistribution programmes (e.g., UNHCR\u2019s programme in Jordan and the World Food Programme in\nKenya) to include connectivity need; or (2) implementing new e-voucher initiatives focused exclusively\non connectivity. As part of this intervention, UNHCR would also identify and advocate to private\nsector partners who are open to donating products or devices to refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR will establish and operate community internet access centres in collaboration with\nimplementing and private sector partners. **Community internet access centres further reduce the**\n**cost barriers for refugees who cannot afford individual devices or plans.** Moreover, equipped\nwith computers and tablets, these centres could provide refugees with access to a more complete\ninternet service to enable enriched learning and livelihood opportunities. Where possible, community\ninternet access centres will also be accessible to host communities to strengthen ties between them\nand refugees.\n\n\n18 2015 UNHCR Connectivity for Refugees Survey & Refugee Focus Group Discussions. Refuge Household internet\naccess based on smartphone ownership rates\n\n\n\nFigure 26: Kenya/\nMany children in\nDadaab refugee\ncamps were born as\nrefugees and have\nnever left the camps.\nA total of 13 Instant\nNetwork Classrooms\nwere established\nin schools and\nvocational training\ncenters across all\nfive Dadaab camps\nin September 2014.\nVodafone Foundation\nprovides funding,\ntechnical support,\nsome of the tablets\nand training. Huawei\ndonated the majority\nof computer tablets\nand Safaricom is\nproviding internet\nconnectivity.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Silja\nOstermann\n\n\n\n24 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "non-personal refugee data", - "confidence": 0.8340862989425659, - "start": 355, - "end": 358 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9635896682739258, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9671754837036133, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 27: Turkey/\nAfter days of fleeing\nfrom Syria, Wazam, a\nSyrian refugee, reach\nSuruc camp in Turkey.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Ivor\nPrickett\n\n\nFigure 28: Italy/\nAfrican refugees and\nmigrants wait at Le\nZagare reception\ncentre in Italy.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Fabio\nBucciarelli\n\n\n\n**DONORS**\n_Governmental donors,_\n_Foundations_\n\n\n\nFigure 29: UNHCR\nPartnership\nFramework with\nPotential Partners\n\n\n\n**Implementation Approach**\n\n\n_UNHCR will collaborate with relevant partners to provide sustainable connectivity for refugees and_\n_identify the required resources to lead the planning, execution, and monitoring of implementation._\n_The approach will be customized for each target country._\n\n\n**Partners**\n\n\nUNHCR cannot connect the refugee population by itself. Rather, **it will proactively build multi-faceted**\n**partnerships with a broad range of stakeholders** across five key categories **:** (1) refugees and host\ncommunities, (2) host governments; (3) the private sector; (4) non-governmental organizations and\n(5) donors.\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n**NON-GOVERNMENTAL**\n**ORGANISATIONS**\n_Humanitarian NGOs,_\n_Policy Orgs_\n\n\n\nRefugees and the communities that host them are at the centre of this programme.\n\n\nWhile all interventions are designed with their needs in mind, refugees and host communities are\nalso partners. They can provide critical feedback and data to inform advocacy efforts and facilitate\nmonitoring and evaluation. Refugees can also be directly involved in content creation (e.g., by\ndeveloping websites/apps, translating content) and outreach to their communities to increase the\nacceptance and adoption of technology. Moreover, with affordable connectivity, beneficiaries of\nconnectivity interventions become contributing members to a marketplace. In turn, private companies\nwill be more likely to tailor solutions to them that are sustainable and market-based.\n\n\nHost governments are key partners in incentivizing the private sector to enable connectivity and\nestablish policy frameworks around refugee rights and privileges.\n\n\nApproval from host governments is often required before connectivity interventions can be\nimplemented. UNHCR, with support from partners, aims to collaborate with governments to:\n\n\n1. Incentivize the expansion of connectivity and electricity networks to regions where refugees\nreside.\n2. Encourage pricing segmentation practices such that low-income people can access connectivity.\n3. Remove identification barriers for refugees to obtain devices/plans.\n\n\n26 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Governments may have concerns that a connected refugee population will bring additional\nchallenges \u2013 for instance, many governments fear that access to connectivity may increase security\nproblems. However, it is UNHCR\u2019s experience that well-informed refugees with regular links to their\nhome communities experience improved well-being and are less likely to be negatively influenced by\nindividuals or groups seeking to exploit their vulnerability. Below is a non- exhaustive list of benefits\nto governments of enabling enhanced refugee connectivity:\n\n\n- Improved connectivity among host communities, especially where availability is at present a\nchallenge.\n\n- Increased compliance with government requirements around registration and monitoring, as\nanything that requires attendance in person is often not carried out in a timely manner.\n\n- Cost savings from moving certain refugee activities from in-person to online.\n\n- Two-way communication opportunities with refugees to better understand the security and\nhealth risks among their populations.\n\n- Improved refugee access to government information, further reducing risk of non-compliance.\n\n- Opportunities for innovation in the area of digital service delivery.\n\n- Better access to information about the situation in their home countries, meaning that refugees\ncan make better informed decisions about when it is safe to return home.\n\n\nPrivate sector partnership is essential to scale the strategy to a global level.\n\n\nThe private sector brings global reach, innovative business models, experience in the telecoms sector,\nrobust relationships with government regulators, and a deep pool of financial and staff resources. By\npartnering with UNHCR on this initiative, private sector partners can realize benefits beyond those\nnormally associated with corporate social responsibility. These include:\n\n\n- Incremental revenue opportunities from new paying subscribers (i.e. refugees, host communities,\nUNHCR and partner agency staff).\n\n- Increased employee engagement through staff volunteer programmes; validation of new\ntechnology for rural connectivity.\n\n- Ability to pilot new business models in a controlled, low-resource setting (e.g. refugee camps).\n\n\n\nFigure 31: First Year\nCost for UNHCR\nGlobal Programme\nfor Connectivity for\nRefugees\n\n\n\n**Resource Requirements**\n\n\nIn addition to committed partners, **UNHCR** requires funding to increase the availability of the internet\nand to provide subsidies for internet-enabled phones and data for the most vulnerable refugees.\nUNHCR **also requires a dedicated internal team, including field connectivity coordinators,** to lead\nthe planning, execution, coordination and monitoring of country-specific strategies.\n\n\nA total of **USD 6 million** in external fundraising is required to support this strategy for the first 12\nmonths of implementation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 30: Types of\nsupport the private\nsector could offer\n\n\n\n**Operational Support**\n\n_Keep the Programme Running_\n\n\n**Cash and In-kind**\n**Donations**\n\n\n**Staff Time**\n**Contribution**\n\n\n**Advocacy Support**\n\n\n|Summary Budget
We will:|Amount in
US$|\n|---|---|\n|Reduce the cost of internet and mobile connectivity for vulnerable populations
through subsidies for devices and data.|1.6m|\n|Provide seed funding for connectivity-enhanced services including relevant content
on the internet for refugees, digital literacy, Apps, mass SMS, online education,
protection moni-toring and reporting, eMedicine and more.|1.2m|\n|Increase the availability and quality of internet access within refugees and host
communities.|1.0m|\n|Carry out detailed feld-level assessments, develop country implementation plans,
monitor implementation, negotiate price reductions and extension of services to
refugee and host communities, coordinate eforts of multiple stakeholders and
provide programme manage-ment support in ten countries as well as manage the
global programme.|1.8m|\n|Standard UNHCR Cost Recovery on Donations.|0.4m|\n|**Total**|**6.0m**|\n\n\n\n_Leverage Your Capabilities_\n\n**Network Infrastructure**\n**Improvements**\n\n\n**Product and Service**\n**Rollout**\n\n\n**Device Donations**\n\n\n\n**Product and Service**\n\n**Support**\n\n\n\n**Programming Support**\n\n_Help Us Deliver Our Programming_\n\n\n**Product/Service**\n**Discounts**\n\n\n**Humanitarian Programming**\n**Delivery**\n\n\n**Usage Data Sharing**\n\n\n\n**Local Context**\n\n\nUNHCR will work with partner organizations to select from and customize the ten strategic\ninterventions to make them country specific. **A key driver for determining which combination of**\n**interventions to pursue is whether the target country has urban refugees, rural refugees, or both,**\n**and if the country is experiencing a humanitarian emergency that would affect the connectivity**\n**strategy.**\n\n\nIn urban locations, affordability and usability interventions are most applicable. Availability\ninterventions are generally not required owing to good 3G+ mobile broadband coverage. Insufficient\nbroadband access in urban areas is mainly caused by broader systemic issues that are beyond the\nscope of this programme (e.g. government restrictions on connectivity for all citizens, or for targeted\ngroups such as refugees). As good mobile broadband coverage exists in urban areas, the situation is\nripe for the programme to focus on affordability and usability to promote access to refugee-relevant\ncontent and introduce digital services.\n\n\nIn rural locations, availability, affordability and usability interventions are all required. In many\ncases, availability interventions are needed first because of a widespread lack of 3G mobile\nbroadband coverage. If 3G+ coverage is not available, UNHCR and partners can still focus on\nusability interventions that use existing 2G connectivity, such as delivering services via SMS/voice\nuntil network improvements are made and internet-enabled devices are more commonly used. As\nsome rural areas become more urbanized and are supplied with broadband coverage, the UNHCR\nprogramme may reduce availability interventions and refocus on usability to exploit newly available\nnetworks to deliver digital services.\n\n\n\nNGO partners can boost UNHCR\u2019s capability in the field by establishing connectivity related\nprogramming and by offering digital services to refugees once connectivity is available.\n\n\nThey can also extend their influence to support connectivity advocacy efforts with government\nagencies and encourage the adoption of mobile technology among refugees and host communities\nthrough outreach efforts.\n\n\nInstitutional donors will provide the necessary funding for the operational and programmatic costs.\n\n\nFunding for the overall programme will come primarily from traditional governmental donors,\nparticularly to fund implementation in regions where donors have an existing interest in connectivity\nexpansion. Foundations and development finance institutions may also play a central role in providing\nfunding.\n\n\n\n28 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 29\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 32: Sample\nRefugee Connectivity\nKPIs by Category\n\n\n\nIn addition to urban and rural factors, other variables will be considered when customizing or\nselecting interventions to apply to each country. UNHCR country teams will be provided with a\ndetailed implementation toolkit that equips them to collaborate with partners and deploy the relevant\ninterventions in their refugee sites.\n\n\n**Monitoring and Evaluation**\n\n\nTo measure the effectiveness of interventions and the impact of enhanced connectivity, sample Key\nPerformance Indicators (KPIs) for each intervention category will be measured by the UNHCR team.\nThe list of KPIs below is indicative and subject to change.\n\n\nThese KPIs [19] and other livelihood and social indicators will be baselined and tracked throughout\nthe intervention implementation. In scenarios where such data is not available, new livelihood and\nsocial indicators will also be created by the UNHCR team in collaboration with other programmes\nand country teams.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 33: Jordan/\nSyrian refugees look\nat a mobile phone\ncontaining old family\nphotos, in Azraq\nRefugee Camp in\nJordan.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Warrick\nPage\n\n\n##### **Conclusion**\n\n**Sustainability**\n\n\n_UNHCR strives for sustainability through affordable pricing models where refugees, host communities,_\n_and partner organizations are seen as paying customers, rather than just beneficiaries of aid._\n\n\nDespite severe affordability constraints, many refugee households buy devices and plans at market\nrates, particularly in urban areas. However, this means they often spend a significant proportion of\nmonthly disposable income on connectivity. Our goal is to collaborate with the private sector to\nprovide refugees with pricing models that reduce the cost yet offer some benefit to the companies\nconcerned. Moreover, improving refugees\u2019 access to connectivity means reducing the need to rely\nso heavily on humanitarian funding.\n\n\nWhile the priority is to identify market-based solutions, **UNHCR recognizes that there are groups of**\n**extremely vulnerable refugees who could not afford connectivity no matter how low the market**\n**price** . To support these groups, UNHCR would explore targeted subsidies, as discussed in the\nStrategic Interventions section. Despite the need for some level of subsidy, UNHCR believes that\nsustainability can be achieved through:\n\n\n1. A market-based approach in most interventions, which will incentivize long-term private sector\ninterest.\n2. An increase in refugee and host purchasing power from additional livelihood opportunities\ncreated through connectivity.\n3. Downward trends in the cost of devices and services, thus increasing refugees\u2019 ability to afford\nconnectivity over time.\n\n\n**Looking Forward: Connected Refugees Enhance Humanitarian Services**\n\n\nWithout a reliably connected refugee population, UNHCR and its partners are unable to take\nadvantage of the innovations the digital revolution has made possible and the developed world takes\nfor granted. Today, thanks to the internet and communications technology, access to information and\nthe ability to stay in touch is easier than ever.\n\n\nFor most refugees, however, this is not\nthe case. As a result, they do not have\nthe access to information they need\nto improve their lives, nor the means\nto communicate with each other, their\nfamilies and humanitarian services\nproviders.\n\nIf and when refugees are reliably\nconnected to the internet and are\nable to purchase mobile connectivity,\nnot only will they be better equipped\nto support themselves and their\ncommunities, but also they will find\nevery area of humanitarian support\nboosted by the increased sharing of\ninformation and better communication.\n\n\nThe following are a few of the ways in\nwhich existing humanitarian services\ncould be immediately improved:\n\n\n|Category|Sample Refugee Connectivity KPIs|\n|---|---|\n|Availability|\u2022\t
# of refugees who live in area without consistent 3G network
\u2022\t
# of monthly reported cases of refugees unable to purchase connectivity
due to regulatory barriers
\u2022\t
# of monthly refugee users on MNO, ISP, or alternative technology company\u2019s
network
\u2022\t
Revenue of MNO, ISP, or alternative technology from refugee users
\u2022\t
% of refugees who report network quality as \u201csatisfactory\u201d (following
qualitative survey)|\n|Afordability|\u2022\t
# of refugees who use an internet-enabled device more than once in a week
\u2022\t
# of refugees who own a basic, feature, and smartphone
\u2022\t
# of refugees who require subsidies to aford a device and basic plan
\u2022\t
# of refugees enrolled in refugee-specifc plans, products, or discounts
\u2022\t
% of refugee disposable income spent on connectivity
\u2022\t
Average monthly spending on connectivity
\u2022\t
Average rate plan purchased by refugees (segmented across Voice, SMS
and Internet usage)|\n|Usability|\u2022\t
# of refugees who use the internet (besides social media) at least once a
week
\u2022\t
# of refugees who use a connectivity-based service (e.g. mobile money,
humanitarian agency\u2019s service) at least once a week
\u2022\t
# of digital services targeted to refugees by UNHCR, humanitarian and
government agencies
\u2022\t
Refugee engagement on digital channels operated by UNHCR, humanitarian/
government agencies
\u2022\t
Average usage patterns, frequency and duration (if applicable) of calls, text
and Internet|\n\n\n\n19 Note that the unit of KPI measurement can vary between individual and household levels\n\n30 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 31\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "livelihood and social indicators", - "confidence": 0.770057737827301, - "start": 119, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR team", - "confidence": 0.8605586886405945, - "start": 97, - "end": 99 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sample Refugee Connectivity KPIs", - "confidence": 0.7747184634208679, - "start": 656, - "end": 660 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.989173412322998, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative survey", - "confidence": 0.9924718141555786, - "start": 782, - "end": 784 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6535840630531311, - "start": 783, - "end": 784 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee users", - "confidence": 0.5585843324661255, - "start": 757, - "end": 759 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rate plan purchased by refugees", - "confidence": 0.5936688780784607, - "start": 900, - "end": 905 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.973170816898346, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regarding **protection**, a connected refugee population would mean that partners could provide\nsecurity-enhancing services so that:\n\n\n- Security-relevant information can be shared on UNHCR country websites and other refugeespecific sites.\n\n- The asylum process, which is typically lengthy and process-heavy, can be streamlined. In Greece,\nfor instance, appointments for the registration of asylum applications are granted over Skype to\nminimize queues. [20]\n\n- Text messaging and social media can be utilized.\n\n- Protection incident reporting and tracking can reduce dangers.\n\n- Hotline services can support refugees in need.\n\n- Women are increasingly empowered.\n\n\nIn terms of enhancing **community-based protection**, a connected refugee community can become\nmore self- reliant and would:\n\n\n- Organize itself, share information among its members, and form meaningful and mutually\nbeneficial associations.\n\n- Have greater access to information and be in a better position to identify its needs and lobby\neffectively for help and support.\n\n- Engage more meaningfully and substantially in all aspects of the programmes that affect them,\nthus strengthening the community\u2019s leading role as a driving force for positive change.\n\n\nIn the area of **education**, the potential benefits are dramatic. Connectivity would:\n\n\n- Provide opportunities to take part in online training courses.\n\n- Allow refugees to access education remotely. At a time when thousands of refugee children are\nabsent from school \u2013 for example, the 60 per cent of Syrian children in Lebanon [21] - this could\nhave a major impact on creating future leaders among this generation.\n\n- Allow refugee students at secondary and university levels to continue their disrupted education.\n\n\nIn the area of **health**, the potential advantages of a connected population are also significant:\n\n\n- Refugees will benefit from better access to health information.\n\n- Monitoring and reporting of the health of refugees can be improved through online systems, a\nbenefit that would be of enormous impact in situations where medical services are not readily\navailable.\n\n\nFor **livelihoods and self-reliance**, the potential benefits are also immense. Being connected will:\n\n\n- Make creating and sustaining their own businesses much easier.\n\n- Allow for the possibility of working remotely \u2013 particularly important in situations where there are\nconstraints on the right to work or limited opportunities in the local economy.\n\n\nIndeed, all areas of humanitarian response \u2013 from food and nutrition to water, sanitation and hygiene,\nto camp management and coordination \u2013 will benefit from a connected refugee population as\nservices and communication with populations of concern will be easier and more reliable. Largescale innovation in service delivery will become possible. The challenge and opportunity is to get\nrefugees connected so that this transformation can begin.\n\n\nMobile and internet connectivity has brought the world tremendous economic and social benefits.\nThe time has come for us to work together to extend these benefits to refugees, and other persons\nof concern.\n\n\n20 Greek Council for Refugees, Asylum in Europe: http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/greece/asylumprocedure/procedures/registration-asylum-application\n21 UNHCR, April 2014: http://www.unhcr.org.uk/news-and-views/news-list/news-detail/article/10-shocking-facts-onthe-syrian-refugee-crisis-in-lebanon.html\n\n\n\nFigure 34: Greece/ Refugees arrive on the Island of Lesbos after crossing the Aegean from Turkey. 7-year-old Syrian refugee Hawler from Qamishle\nspeaks to her mother back in Syria immediately after landing on the Greek island of Lesbos after crossing the Aegean sea from Turkey. She was\ntravelling with her uncle Abdullah. Her parents could only afford to send one of their 5 children and because Hawler was old enough to make the\njourney but still young enough for it to be half the price she was chosen to go. They hope to be able to follow their daughter soon but for now Hawler\nand her uncle are alone and headed to Germany. \u00a9 UNHCR/Ivor Prickett\n\n\n\n32 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 33\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 35: Nyawon,\n28, and a foster\nmother, borrows a\nphone to search for\nher children which\nshe lost touch when\nescaping the conflict\nin Malakal, South\nSudan. \u201cI miss my\nphone. I had one in\nSouth Sudan but I\nsold everything I had\nto get here. If I had\na phone, I could call\nand see if my children\nwere alive\u201d.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Catianne\nTijerina\n\n\nFigure 36: Italy/\nAfrican and Syrian\nguys recharging their\nphones after the\nlong sea journey at\nthe reception center\nat Sicilian port of\nAugusta. \u00a9 UNHCR/\nFabio Bucciarelli\n\n\n\n\n##### **Appendix: Facts and Figures**\n\n**Connectivity user profiles \u2013**\n\n\n\nFigure 37: Example\nrefugee user profile\nfrom Tanzania &\nUNHCR field worker\nprofile from Jordan.\nN.B. these profiles\nare fictitious and\ninformation provided\nis for illustrative\npurposes only.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n34 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 35\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Global Refugees \u2013 Availability of Connectivity**\n\n\nThe analysis presented in this document used the most recent available data on the global refugee situation, which was\nfrom 2014. The number of refugees has increased from roughly 13 million in 2014 to almost 21 million in 2016. With respect\nto the analysis presented herein, the relative magnitude of refugee access to connectivity remains the same.\n\n\nNotes about this Table:\n\n\n- Source for refugee geolocation and population information is Table 16 from the 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook\n(Major locations and demographic composition of refugees and people in refugee-like situations end-2014).\n\n- Refugees without general location information are not included in Table 16 of the 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook\n(and hence are not included in this table).\n\n\n_Table 1. Number of and Percentage of refugees living in areas with different types of mobile cellular coverage by global regions_\n\n\n\n**Regional Breakdown and Countries - Availability of Connectivity**\n\n\nNotes about this Table:\n\n\n- Source for refugee geolocation and population information is Table 16 (Major locations and demographic composition\nof refugees and people in refugee-like situations end-2014) from the 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook.\n\n- Refugees without general location information are not included in Table 16 of the 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook\n(and hence not included in this table).\n\n\n_Table 2. Number of and Percentage of refugees living in areas with different types of mobile cellular coverage by global regions and countries_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Number of Refugees Living in Areas With\u2026|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Regions|No Coverage
[A]|2G only
[B]|3G+
[C]|No Geo-
Location Data
[D]|Region Total
[A, B, C, D]|Region Total(Excluding Refugees
with No Geo-Location Data)
[A, B, C]|\n|East Asia & Pacific|24,975|28,354|483,890|9,510|546,729|537,219|\n|Europe & Central Asia|-|
-|2,375,635|654|2,376,289|2,375,635|\n|Latin America & Caribbean|-|
13,467|136,542|197,668|347,677|150,009|\n|Middle East & North Africa|1,709|917,267|2,693,969|268,169|3,881,114|3,612,945|\n|North America|-|
-|9,869|-|9,869|9,869|\n|South Asia|37,439|1,094,320|1,124,620|16,402|2,272,781|2,256,379|\n|Sub-Saharan Africa|815,730|1,840,980|921,771|130,923|3,709,404|3,578,481|\n|World|**879,853**|**3,894,388**|**7,746,296**|**623,326**|**13,143,863**|**12,520,537**|\n||||||||\n||**Percentage of Refugees Living in Areas With\u2026**
(Excluding Refugees with No Geo-Location Data)|**Percentage of Refugees Living in Areas With\u2026**
(Excluding Refugees with No Geo-Location Data)|**Percentage of Refugees Living in Areas With\u2026**
(Excluding Refugees with No Geo-Location Data)||||\n|**Regions**|**No Coverage**
**[A/(A+B+C)]**|**2G only**
**[B/(A+B+C)]**|**3G+**
**[C/(A+B+C)]**|||**Region Total**(Excluding Refugees
without Geo-Location Data)|\n|East Asia & Pacific|4.6%|5.3%|90.1%|||100.0%|\n|Europe & Central Asia|0.0%|0.0%|100.0%|||100.0%|\n|Latin America & Caribbean|0.0%|9.0%|91.0%|||100.0%|\n|Middle East & North Africa|0.0%|25.4%|74.6%|||100.0%|\n|North America|0.0%|0.0%|100.0%|||100.0%|\n|South Asia|1.7%|48.5%|49.8%|||100.0%|\n|Sub-Saharan Africa|22.8%|51.4%|25.8%|||100.0%|\n|World|**7.0%**|**31.1%**|**61.9%**|||**100.0%**|\n\n\n\n36 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 37\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 16 from the 2014 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook", - "confidence": 0.5652980208396912, - "start": 86, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7282771468162537, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9820588231086731, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.586178719997406, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8110124468803406, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 16", - "confidence": 0.9065009355545044, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.565253734588623, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9993475079536438, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2014", - "confidence": 0.8982133269309998, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9721426367759705, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Location Data", - "confidence": 0.9281123280525208, - "start": 350, - "end": 352 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Asia & Pacific", - "confidence": 0.747743546962738, - "start": 399, - "end": 403 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8162627220153809, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Geo-Location Data", - "confidence": 0.9625511169433594, - "start": 713, - "end": 715 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9857697486877441, - "start": 697, - "end": 698 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Connecting Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6723811030387878, - "start": 1102, - "end": 1104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "World", - "confidence": 0.5355720520019531, - "start": 1061, - "end": 1062 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "38 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 39\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 38: Lebanon/ My name is Khalil. I am 14 years old and from Dara\u2019a in Syria. I like sports. My favourite one is soccer. I want to be a teacher. Khalil\ntook a picture of this bottle for its funny smile while listening to music on the phone. That\u2019s her favourite part of life: to listen to music and enjoy.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Khalil\n\n\n40 Connecting Refugees Connecting Refugees 41\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONNECTING REFUGEES**\nHow Internet and Mobile Connectivity can Improve Refugee Well-Being\nand Transform Humanitarian Action.\n\n\n**Authors:**\nAlan Vernon, Connectivity Project Lead, vernon@unhcr.org\nKamel Deriche, Connectivity Project Deputy Lead, deriche@unhcr.org\nSamantha Eisenhauer, Connectivity Project Manager, eisenhau@unhcr.org\n\n\n44 Connecting Refugees\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07f933e0-e232-337f-83f7-320c99d1852a/Connecting%20Refugees.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_306/raw/doc_306_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_306/raw/doc_306_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0a56d901693ab3819a49b4d6a710a83dcbfcb0ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_306/raw/doc_306_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,410 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Acknowledgements**\n\nAuthor: Dr. Monira Ahsan, Independent Consultant\n\n\nWith thanks to Priscilla Tamale, Associate Protection Officer, UNHCR\nBangladesh and Ruth Nzisa Mutua, Gender and Protection Programme\nCoordinator, CARE Bangladesh for their technical support.\n\n\nSpecial thanks to focal points from UNHCR\u2019s Protection and\nCommunity Based Protection teams for reviewing the research, as\nwell as peer reviewers from CARE Global Team - Megan Patterson,\nShefa Sikder, Courtney Phelps, Isadora Quay, Cristina Haneef for\ntheir critical and insightful feedback on the draft reports; Abdul Alim,\nHead Humanitarian Response, ActionAid Bangladesh for coordinating\nthe research; Kamrul Hasan and Raihanul Fardaus Shahreen, CARE\nBangladesh for quantitative data support; and Selina Shireen\nSikder, Farheen Masfiqua Malek, and Salah Uddin Tuhin of ActionAid\nBangladesh for organising field research. The agencies are grateful\nto the refugees and host community members for their generous\nparticipation in this research.\n\n\nThanks to Global Affairs Canada (GAC) and Office of Foreign\nDisaster Assistance (OFDA) for funding this research.\n\n\n**Suggested citation:**\n\n\nUNHCR, CARE and ActionAid (2020). _An Intersectional Analysis of_\n_Gender amongst Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities in Cox\u2019s_\n_Bazar, Bangladesh._ An Inter-Agency Research Report, September 2020.\n\n\nCover photo: Asafuzzaman Captain/CARE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n_**1.**_ _**Background....................................................................................................................................................................4**_\n\n\n_**2.**_ _**Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................................5**_\n\n\n_**3.**_ _**Key Findings...................................................................................................................................................................8**_\n\n\n3.1 Gender Roles and Relations within Household and Community **.** ..................................................................9\n\n\n3.2 Participation and Decision-making at Household and Community levels and Female Leadership....9\n\n\n3.3 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), including Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) **.** ...............9\n\n\n3.4 Emergency Food Security, Vulnerable livelihoods (EFSVL), and Nutrition.................................................10\n\n\n3.5 Access to Health **.** ........................................................................................................................................................10\n\n\n3.6 Access to Education **.** ..................................................................................................................................................10\n\n\n3.7 Protection, GBV and Child Protection................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n3.8 Accountability: Complaints and Feedback **.** ......................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n3.9 Vulnerability, Capacity, Coping Mechanisms, and Priority Needs................................................................ 11\n\n\n3.10 Relationships between Rohingya Community and Host Community........................................................12\n\n\n_**4.**_ _**Conclusions..................................................................................................................................................................13**_\n\n\n_**5**_ _**Recommendations......................................................................................................................................................15**_\n\n\n5.1 Overarching Recommendation...............................................................................................................................15\n\n\n5.2 Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming Recommendations.....................................................................16\n\n\n5.3 Age, Gender and Diversity Targeted Recommendations.................................................................................16\n\n\n5.4 Age, Gender and Diversity Specific Programming Recommendations........................................................ 17\n\n\n_**List of References..................................................................................................................................................................20**_\n\n\n_**End Notes................................................................................................................................................................................21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. Background**\n\nThe Rohingya ethnic minority population in Myanmar have been persecuted over\ngenerations and are denied of their fundamental human rights. Violence, discrimination\nand persecution in Myanmar have eventually led the stateless Rohingya people to flee\nto Bangladesh from Rakhine State in successive waves over the last four decades. Since\nAugust 2017, an estimated 745,000 Rohingya refugees arrived in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh,\nreaching the total number of 914,998 people and constituting the largest refugee camp\nin the world. The rapid and sizable influx of Rohingya refugees now outnumbers locals\nnearly three to one in the two sub-districts, _Ukhiya_ and _Teknaf,_ where refugees and the\nsubsequent humanitarian response have had an impact on the host community.\n\n\nThis inter-agency research is commissioned by ActionAid in collaboration with UNHCR\nand CARE Bangladesh to investigate how age, gender and diversity issues are addressed\nin the humanitarian response amongst Rohingya refugees and the host communities. The\nquantitative and qualitative data were collected from 03 December 2019 to 07 January\n2020. This transdisciplinary [1], [2] research aims to fill a significant gap by providing a critical\nanalysis of the present status of gender relations addressed in humanitarian response,\ntaking into consideration the intersectionality among specific needs based on age, gender\nand other diversity factors contributing to a person or group\u2019s vulnerability.\n\n\n**This study was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the**\n**change in context, it has now become even more imperative to adapt**\n**existing mechanisms within the ongoing response, especially the need**\n**for increased Age, Gender and Diversity (AGD) analysis and monitoring**\n**of vulnerabilities. While COVID-19 was not a factor in this report, the**\n**recommendations of this report need to be addressed and implemented**\n**with the changing context in mind.**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency research", - "confidence": 0.8806871175765991, - "start": 143, - "end": 145 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ActionAid", - "confidence": 0.7188896536827087, - "start": 148, - "end": 149 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9637407660484314, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quantitative and qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.5279344320297241, - "start": 180, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6313385367393494, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.868561327457428, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.7959290146827698, - "start": 172, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The empowerment of women, men, girls, boys and\npeople who share diverse identities is key to a gendertransformative humanitarian response in emergencies.\nIt is critical to understand how gender roles and power\nrelations intersect with other identity factors, such as\nage, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, language,\nsocio-economic class, and political status, which play\nout in an emergency context and reproduces inequality.\nAn understanding of gender and intersectionality in\nemergencies is necessary to address the diverse needs of\ndifferent groups in humanitarian response.\n\n\nMoving beyond the crisis, the 2017 emergency phase\nhas taken a protracted nature that necessitates\ncomprehensive and periodic information on the needs\nand vulnerabilities of the affected refugee and host\ncommunities. This necessity is further reinforced by the\npolicy environment that restricts Rohingya refugees\u2019\naccess to livelihoods, income generation, freedom\nof movement, continued and accredited education,\nSexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), and\nlimiting the programming of humanitarian actors have\ncontributed to harmful coping strategies and high levels\nof vulnerability.\n\n\n\nTo avoid making particular groups more vulnerable,\nhumanitarian and development interventions should\ncontinue to underpin a sound understanding of\ndifferential impacts of emergencies based on different\nvulnerabilities and capacities of women, men, girls,\nboys, and people with diverse identities in the affected\npopulation. It is, therefore, crucial to continue analysing\nthe factors that determine a community\u2019s potential\nto survive a crisis by looking at the capacities and\nvulnerabilities in the area of material and physical assets,\nsocial and organisational capacities, and attitudinal or\npsycho-social strength.\n\nThis transdisciplinary research, therefore, aims to fill\na significant gap by providing a critical analysis of\nthe present status of gender relations addressed in\nhumanitarian response, taking into consideration the\nintersectionality among specific needs based on age,\ngender and other diversity factors contributing to a\nperson or group\u2019s vulnerability.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The significance of this intersectional analysis of gender\nlies in its potential to explore differing vulnerabilities\nof women, men, girls, boys as well as people living\nwith disabilities and gender diverse populations to\ncrises along with their differentiated capabilities,\nmulti-dimensional deprivations and coping strategies\nto underlie the most effective response programs.\nIlluminating unequal power relations underlying social\ninstitutions, an intersectional analysis of gender exposes\nhow various personal, social, and environmental factors\ninfluence the achievement of broader well-being, [3] and\nensures that humanitarian responses do not marginalise\nparticular groups.\n\n\nThis study identifies the key issues contributing to gender\ninequalities in the context of Rohingya refugees and\nthe host communities in Cox\u2019s Bazar in Bangladesh. It\nexamines the process through which gendered power\nrelations give rise to discrimination, subordination\nand social exclusion, which is further marginalised due\nto various socio-economic and political conditions.\nThrough examining different roles of women and men\nfrom interpersonal, households and community levels,\nthis study shows the nature of gender-related rights\nthat are violated in such humanitarian emergencies. The\nanalysis also demonstrates that the way humanitarian\nresponse chooses to act to promote gender equality\naffects the relative status of Rohingya women and men by\ncontributing to equity in some areas while exacerbating\nothers.\n\n\nThere are challenges in understanding the nuance\nbetween changing social norms, women\u2019s aspirations\nand the idea of empowerment in the Rohingya refugee\ncontext. There is also a lack of gender analysis in\nterms of understanding social norms, power dynamics\nbetween men and women, the roles of women in the\n\n\n\nRohingya society, and the aspirations of women and\ngirls as well as men and boys. Although there is a certain\nlevel of understanding about the conservativeness,\ntraditional social and gender norms, there is an absence\nof assessment, analysis and understanding of how the\nsocial norms and values have changed over time in the\nrefugee context, and its impact on gender relations.\n\n\nA lack of knowledge of gender analytical frameworks and\ntools results in gaps in analysing gender in a structured\nway by different humanitarian actors. The existing\ntools and methodology for gender analysis are not\nstandardised. Different actors use different tools and\nthere is no initiative by the humanitarian response to\nreview, adapt and standardise the gender analytical tools\nand methodology. Moreover, there is limited competency\nof humanitarian actors to conceptually comprehend\nand practically analyse gender power dynamics and\nthe intersection of gender with other factors. As a\nresult, there is limited use of Sex, Age and Diversity\nDisaggregated Data (SADDD) in Sectoral planning,\nprogramming and reporting affecting the effectiveness\nof humanitarian interventions. For instance, despite the\nrequirement set by the Joint Response Plan (JRP), the\nSectoral reports lack sex and age disaggregated data.\nSimilarly, disability inclusion, as well as the inclusion\nof gender diverse populations, is still very limited, and\nthe analysis of the intersection between gender and\ndisability is largely absent in humanitarian response.\n\n\nThe 2020 JRP prioritises \u201cPromoting an integrated and\nmulti-sector Protection, Age, Gender and Diversity\napproach\u201d\u2014as one of the six priority objectives of the\nProtection Sector, Inter-Sector Coordination Group\n(ISCG). [4] An analysis of gender and intersectionality\nunderpinned by a protection lens of Age, Gender and\nDiversity (AGD) approach aims to add value to inform\nthe design and implementation of policies, planning\nand programs of Government, donors, humanitarian\nand development actors, and Civil Society Organisations\nto strengthen protection of Rohingya refugees and\nthe host communities through effective Inter-Sectoral\nprogramming.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9632018804550171, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sex, Age and Diversity\nDisaggregated Data", - "confidence": 0.9976109266281128, - "start": 450, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SADDD", - "confidence": 0.9933058619499207, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5421867966651917, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.1 Gender Roles and**\n**Relations within Household**\n**and Community**\n\n\nUnlike in Myanmar, men in the refugee camps in\nBangladesh are largely unemployed and exclusively\ndepend on humanitarian aid for livelihood. Women,\non the other hand, while continuing their increased\nreproductive burdens, have been engaged in productive\nroles, such as cash-for-work, NGO volunteers for\nmanaging community-based project activities, and\nrepresentatives for community meetings and committees.\nHowever, empowerment and economic development\nprogramme primarily targeted towards women and\ngirls to the exclusion of men resulted in backlash and\ncreated tensions and violence within the households and\ncommunity, especially in a context where men have been\nunable to fulfil their traditional role as the breadwinner.\nIn the context of refugee, the changing gender roles\nresulted in feelings of powerlessness and frustration,\nwhich is manifested in men\u2019s more violent behaviour than\nthey were pre-crisis.\n\n\nTherefore, the Rohingya experience demonstrates that\nsocial patterns and changes may contribute to women\u2019s\nvulnerability to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence\n(SGBV). The Rohingya refugee crisis has changed gender\nideology and identities, which are reflected in producing\nmore conservative attitudes to Rohingya women\u2019s\nbehaviour. On the one hand, the refugee situation has\noffered limited opportunities for women and girls to\nassume new roles and opportunities for self-reliance and\nleadership. On the other, the Rohingya women are upheld\nas the symbolic bearers of religious and ethnic identity\nin this humanitarian situation, which constrains their\nmobility and challenges their rights.\n\n\n**3.2 Participation and**\n**Decision-making at Household**\n**and Community levels and**\n**Female Leadership**\n\n\nMen in both refugee and host communities remain\nthe ultimate decision-maker at the household and\ncommunity level. There are initiatives to promote\nrefugee women\u2019s participation in the various community\nprocesses, such as WASH committee, School Management\nCommittee (SMC), Safe Spaces for Women and Girls\n(SSWG), and community and women leaders\u2019 meetings.\nHowever, women\u2019s community participation and\nleadership initiatives are piecemeal and not standardised\nacross all camps as part of the overall humanitarian\n\n\n\nresponse. Moreover, there is strong community resistance\nagainst female leadership in the camps, which suggests\ninvolving male household heads and community leaders,\nsuch as influential community members and religious\nleaders, _Imams,_ for community-based programmes\nto change social and gender norms. There is a lack\nof structures, mechanisms and thereby hardly any\nopportunity for refugees in general and women, girls, and\npeople with diverse identities in particular, to participate\nand influence major policy decisions affecting their lives.\n\n\n**3.3 Water, Sanitation,**\n**and Hygiene (WASH),**\n**including Menstrual Hygiene**\n**Management (MHM)**\n\n\nThere is an insufficiency of WASH infrastructure including\nthe distance and location of the water collection points\nand latrines, limited gender-segregated and disabilityfriendly latrines and bathing spaces, inadequate lighting\non the road and around WASH facilities, and fear of SGBV\nprevent refugee women and girls from accessing WASH\nfacilities. Women and girls, particularly who are living\nwith disabilities and elderly, experience challenges in\naccessing safe water either because of the water points\nare not working, set up either on the top or bottom of\nthe hill, far away, do not have light at night, are not in\na safe place, tube well gets overflooded with drain and\nsewerage water that causes diarrhoea, skin diseases, and\nmosquito breeding.\n\n\nGirls and women\u2019s MHM needs are not adequately\nmet due to the irregular supply of reusable sanitary\ntowels. Lack of community participation in planning and\ndesigning of WASH facilities, right from the beginning,\nmakes WASH facilities less accessible to women and\ngirls in the camps. While accessing latrines and bathing\nfacilities is a problem for both men and women living\nwith disabilities, lack of privacy in bathing spaces and\nlatrines, lack of sufficient lighting, and fear of sexual\nharassment and abuse prevent, particularly women living\nwith disabilities from accessing WASH facilities.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.4 Emergency Food Security,**\n**Vulnerable livelihoods (EFSVL),**\n**and Nutrition**\n\n\nThere is a lack of sufficient food to meet differential\nneeds of family members as food allocation and relief\ndistribution are based on household numbers instead\nof household or gender needs. The current policy\nrestriction on freedom of movement, livelihood and\nincome generation opportunities have made the refugee\ncommunity exclusively relying on humanitarian aid\nand vulnerable to negative coping strategies. Lack of\nadequate food and food diversity caused malnutrition,\nespecially among pregnant and lactating mothers, and\nchildren. Poor targeting has caused leaving behind gender\ndiverse populations, such as _Hijras_ and some people\nliving with disabilities. There is a gap in understanding\nthe Rohingya patriarchal cultural context among\nhumanitarian actors. Thus, prioritising economic and\npolitical empowerment of women over men eventually\nmet a considerable backlash in the community.\n\n\n**3.5 Access to Health**\n\n\nThere has been significant achievement in delivering\nhealth services though the health sector is challenged\nby large caseload at health facilities and high staff\nturnover. There is a high prevalence of healthrelated complications among refugees, particularly\namong women and older people and people living\nwith disabilities. Inadequate SADDD results in poor\nunderstanding of SRHR needs and challenges of women\nand girls and particularly adolescents and youth. Limited\nSexual and Reproductive Health services, inadequate\nfemale health professionals and a lack of knowledge and\nsocio-cultural acceptance of SRHR and family planning\nfurther prevent refugees, particularly women, youth,\nadolescent boys and girls from accessing SRHR services\nand family planning. Referral pathways that connect\nrefugees with essential medical care, legal support, law\nenforcement, economic, and psychosocial resources for\nSRHR within camps are consistently weak, resulting in\nwomen\u2019s and girls\u2019 limited access to healthcare.\n\n\n\nMoreover, physical and attitudinal barriers prevent\nwomen and girls living with physical disabilities in\naccessing reproductive health services. Policy restriction\non the mobile phone networks in the camps poses\na challenge to the critical health needs of pregnant\nwomen in emergencies that requires communication to\nget an ambulance. Due to restrictive policies, despite\nthe existence of referral structures, refugee women and\ngirls, who are at risk of sexually transmitted infections\n(STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired\nImmunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), lack access to HIV/\nAIDS testing and treatment, and limited SRHR services\nin the camps. Despite increased health complications,\nthere are few provisions for health services for the host\ncommunity in the Rohingya humanitarian response.\n\n\n**3.6 Access to Education**\n\n\nGender norms, coupled with insecurity and the lack of\ngender-inclusive teaching-learning facilities, are the\nkey reasons for lesser educational outcomes for girls\nwith only 1% compared to 9% of boys aged 6 to14 years\nattending Temporary Learning Centers. [5] Only 4% of\nadolescent girls compared to 14% of adolescent boys\naged 15 to 18 years attending education and learning\nprograms, literacy, numeracy, life-skills and vocational\nskills training. [6] A vast majority of 74,000 adolescent\ngirls and boys aged 15 to 18 years remain out of any\neducational and adolescent-focused programmes. [7]\nOther than policy restriction, socio-cultural barriers\nthat prevent association between opposite sex and\nconstrained movement of girls in public as soon as they\napproach puberty, early marriage, the need to provide\nfamily support are some of the challenges for Rohingya\nadolescent girls to access and continue education. There\nare issues of limited availability of learning centres,\ndistance, and a lack of gender inclusiveness in learning\ncentres. There are gender differentials among teaching\ncapacity with fewer female teachers. For children living\nwith disabilities, the educational and learning facilities\nlack ramps and inclusive teaching-learning materials and\ndisability-friendly WASH facilities.\n\n\nHost community parents, in some cases, restrict their\ndaughters from going to schools due to security concerns\nfollowing the refugee influx. [8] Reasons for both refugee\nand host communities\u2019 choice of sending boys over girls\nfor education after the crisis points to the less value\nattached to girls\u2019 education [9] as well as protection concern\nthat restricts the mobility of adolescent girls in public in\nboth refugees and host communities. [10]\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.7 Protection, GBV and Child**\n**Protection**\n\n\nCrisis reinforces traditional gender norms of masculinity\nand femininity, which is reflected in the rise of SGBV in its\nvarious forms, including sexual harassment and abuse,\nIntimate Partner Violence (IPV), polygamy, psychological\nand social control by men, especially in the refugee\ncommunity. On the one hand, there is inadequate\nsecurity, sense of impunity among perpetrators of SGBV\nand on the other, inaccessibility or lack of justice for\nsurvivors of SGBV, especially in the camps. Women, girls,\nand people living with disabilities and gender diverse\npopulations, such as _Hijras_ are especially vulnerable to\nprotection risks, including various forms of SGBV.\n\n\nDue to refugees\u2019 heavily reliance on aid, sexual abuse\nand exploitation by humanitarian workers are pervasive\nin the camps. [11] Challenges of addressing SGBV include\ninadequate access to information, insufficient service\nprovision for SGBV prevention and response particularly\na lack of SGBV outreach activities. There is a persistent\ngap in understanding the concepts of protection as\nwell as gender among some key actors, including lack\nof sensitisation on human rights and refugee rights\nissues. The limited understanding of the Rohingya\nculture and local context of the humanitarian actors\nconstrains undertaking culturally sensitive humanitarian\ninterventions contributing to SGBV.\n\n\n**3.8 Accountability: Complaints**\n**and Feedback**\n\n\nInaccessibility of the formal, as well as informal justice\nsystems and exclusive reliance on camp governance\nmechanisms dominated by powerful _Majhis_ at the\ncommunity level, makes particularly women and\ngirls vulnerable to SGBV, including sexual abuse and\nexploitation, victim blaming, as well as under-reporting\nof SGBV incidences. [12] Women and girls particularly lack\naccess to information about legal rights, provisions and\nservices, complaints and feedback mechanisms, which\nmakes them less confident to complain and seek justice.\nThe deep-rooted power imbalance between the refugees\nand the aid workers prevent refugees, particularly women\nand girls from acknowledging and reporting sexual\nharassment, abuse and exploitation by humanitarian\nworkers. [13]\n\n\n\nThe Host community mostly rely on informal justice\nmechanisms, the village courts, where women\u2019s voices are\nrarely heard in decision-making processes. The low level\nof practice among women in the host community to make\nany complaints or feedback also points to the social and\nstructural barriers that prevent women from seeking\njustice and a lack of accountability by the duty bearers.\n\n\n**3.9 Vulnerability, Capacity,**\n**Coping Mechanisms, and**\n**Priority Needs**\n\n\nThe current policy restrictions on continued education\nfor adolescents and youth, freedom of movement\nand income generation and livelihood opportunities\nfor Rohingya refugees have made the community\nexclusively relying on humanitarian aid resulting in\nrefugees resorting to various negative coping strategies.\nAdolescents and youth of all genders do not have any\nopportunities for education and skills development\nor self-reliant activities. Negative coping strategies for\nparticularly refugee women and adolescents include less\nconsumption of household items, the prevalence of child\nmarriage, survival sex, and trafficking. Negative coping\nmechanisms for refugee men, adolescents and youth\ninvolve child labour, drug trading, drug abuse, gambling,\ntrafficking, petty crimes, sexual harassment and abuse,\nIPV, and practices of polygamy.\n\n\nHowever, there are also practices of positive coping\nmechanisms among refugees, which are reflected in their\nresilience. For example, an informal education forum for\nwomen and girls, and _Taleem,_ women-only groups for\nreligious focused informal association and discussion for\nsupporting each other and addressing life issues.\n\n\nThere is a commonality between male and female in both\nRohingya and host communities over the topmost priority\nneed, which is food; many other priority needs reveal\nage-specific and gendered nature. For instance, women\u2019s\npriority needs included food, protection, access to better\nhealth care, sanitation, and livelihood for themselves\nas well as for their male family members; opportunities\nto express their opinion in decisions that affect their\nlives; psychosocial support; legal support; freedom of\nmovement; dignity kits; better living condition; and nonfood items such as winter clothing, mosquito nets, and\nutensils for cooking.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Like women, girls also identified increased security\nmeasures in the block as one of their top priorities.\nOther priority needs for girls included an opportunity\nfor education; increased amount and diversified types of\nrelief food items; adequate and regular supply of dignity\nkits; legal awareness and legal support; employment\nopportunity for their fathers and male guardians;\nlivelihood opportunity to become self-reliant; skills\ntraining on handicrafts and sewing machine; better health\nservices; winter clothing; shoes; makeup items; mosquito\nnets; better living conditions with spacious housing and\nprivacy at home. Notably, women and girls in FGDs and\nIndividual Stories repeatedly identified clothes as one of\ntheir priority needs in the camps to safely move in public,\nincluding accessing markets, attending aid distributions,\ntraining, and meetings, and visiting hospitals and clinics.\n\n\nFood, shelter and household items, livelihood, sanitation\nand water are top priorities for men for improved living.\nOther priority needs for men included access to mobile\nphone networks for maintaining communication; freedom\nof movement, an opportunity to work outside of the\ncamp; employment, income generation and livelihood\nopportunities; old age allowance; psychosocial support;\nbetter health care; better housing; winter clothes; and\nsafe repatriation to Myanmar.\n\n\nPriority needs for boys of all age groups included an\neducational opportunity for refugee adolescents and\nyouth; English language training; legal awareness and\nlegal support; employment opportunities, including\nthe opportunity for day labor for themselves as well as\nfor their family members; increased amount of relief\ngoods as per family size; life skills and livelihood skills\ntraining; clothing; access to better health services;\nplayground, sports and recreational facilities; and access\nto mobile phone networks in the camps for maintaining\ncommunications and networks.\n\n\n\nFourteen percent of the Rohingya households reported\nthe presence of at least one member with a disability. [14]\nWomen and girls living with disabilities are more at risk\nof SGBV. However, the exact number of men, women, boys\nand girls living with disabilities, types of disabilities and\ntheir distinct needs are largely unknown. Women with\ndisabilities face more challenges than men in accessing\nhumanitarian services. For instance, there is a stigma\nattached to men carrying women with disabilities to\naccess services, such as health clinics. Information about\ndiverse gender populations, _Hijras,_ is mostly unknown.\nOnly one organisation is currently providing minimal\nservices, such as SRHR.\n\n\n**3.10 Relationships between**\n**Rohingya Community and Host**\n**Community**\n\n\nThe practice of Rohingya men deserting their wives and\nchildren marrying host community women, whereas\nhost community men with wife and children marrying\nRohingya women generates resentment and anger, and\nalso reportedly leads to IPV. There is a reported increase\nin violence among polygamous families in both refugee\nand the host communities. [15] There has been an increase\nin SGBV in the host community followed by the Rohingya\ninflux, [16] and host community women and girls feel more\ninsecure in public due to overcrowded places. [17] The host\ncommunity is allegedly involved with some Rohingya\nmen and women in organised trafficking, drug trade\nand survival sex. [18] Considering that SGBV is pervasive in\nthe camps, both Rohingya and host community women\nand girls are at risk of STIs and HIV/AIDS, which also is\na source of tension between the communities. Rohingya\nchildren and youth are physically and verbally abused by\nthe host community and are denied access to space to\nplay.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4. CONCLUSIONS**\n\n_**There is almost no gender analysis**_\n_**in the 11 Sectors. The key reason is a lack**_\n_**of capacity in the humanitarian response**_\n_**of conducting gender analysis, and how to**_\n# _\u201c_\n_**use the gender analysis to translate into**_\n_**programmes (Key Informant, UN Agency).**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite relative successes, there remain challenges\nin addressing the diverse needs of Rohingya refugees\nand the host communities in Cox\u2019s Bazar. The refugees\nare primarily dependent on humanitarian assistance\nfor meeting their basic needs, which are insufficient to\nmaintain a healthy living.\n\n\nThe humanitarian emergency has contributed to various\nrights violations for the Rohingya refugees. This situation\nhas been further exacerbated by the country\u2019s policy\nenvironment that restricts Rohingya refugee\u2019s access\nto livelihood, income generation, skills development,\nfreedom of movement, SRHR, as well as formal\neducational opportunities for adolescents and youth.\nThis policy choice means that Rohingya women, men,\ngirls, boys and people with diverse identities are further\npushed to the margins.\n\n\nAn undervaluation of the skills and capacities of refugees,\ncoupled with various policy restrictions, have resulted in\nrefugees resorting to various negative coping strategies.\nThese include selling humanitarian aid to diversify food,\nhigh incidences of SGBV, including sexual harassment,\nabuse and IPV, polygamy, divorce and abandoning wife\nand children, drug abuse, drug trade, gambling, child\nlabor, child marriage, trafficking, and survival sex. Sexual\nand Gender-based Violence remains a constant threat,\nespecially for refugee women and girls. Although SGBV\naffects men and boys, girls and women are particularly\nvulnerable and are at high risk of multi-dimensional\nSGBV. The displacement has also exacerbated SGBV at\nthe household and community level. The crisis impacts\ndifferent members of the community differently and\nresulted in adopting negative coping mechanisms due to\ndifferent vulnerabilities and influencing factors.\n\n\nThe crisis has negatively impacted the lives of men and\nwomen living with disabilities. However, women and\ngirls with disabilities are particularly impacted due\nto socio-cultural and gender norms and perceived as\nwell as their actual vulnerabilities to SGBV. The gender\ndiverse populations, such as _Hijras_ in both communities,\ncontinue to experience social exclusion, physical,\npsychological and sexual violence, and are denied access\nto basic rights, such as health care and employment.\n\n\nThe Rohingya influx has also had an impact on the host\ncommunity: economically, environmentally, and socially.\nThere are reports of increased SGBV, including IPV in the\nhost community as well as concerns over security in the\narea. This has negatively impacted on social cohesion\nbetween Rohingya refugees and host communities.\n\nThe traditional community protection mechanism has\nbroken down due to displacement making different\ngroups vulnerable and more at risk to protection\n\n\n\nviolations. Despite the existing structure, the camp\ngovernance, as well as the governance of the host\ncommunity, appear to offer very little space for\nparticularly women and girls to seek and get redress\nagainst injustice.\n\nPromoting community-based protection mechanisms\nalong with strengthening accountability towards affected\npopulations especially women, girls, and people with\ndiverse identities, demands more considerable attention.\nOne way is to ensure community participation in\ndecision-making processes and supporting women\u2019s selfled groups to foster the empowerment of women and\ngirls and people with diverse identities.\n\nA medium to long-term approach to the refugee crisis\ncan address some of the protection concerns. This\ntransformative approach must include a two-pronged\nstrategy of gender and diversity mainstreaming and\ntargeted and specific programs and services. Apart from\nempowering women and girls, empowering men and\nboys with positive masculinities, continued education\nfor children, adolescent and youth, skills development\nand livelihood and income generation opportunities for\nrefugees are crucial for creating an enabling environment\ntowards gender equality.\n\n\nPartnerships should be established with religious leaders\nto approach the community through a culturally sensitive\nway to address harmful social and gender norms.\nAlongside continued education, skills development and\neconomic opportunities, the empowerment agenda\nfor women and girls should be built on women and\ngirls\u2019 existing capacities and opportunities for informal\nleadership, informal self-help spaces, and existing\nleadership opportunities.\n\nThis analysis suggests that effective humanitarian and\ndevelopment response needs to consider the diverse\nneeds and perspectives of the affected people as well as\nthe contextual realities at household, community, state\nand international levels. It requires the recognition of the\nvulnerabilities of different groups to shocks to support\ntheir capacity and resilience to achieve multidimensional\ncapability outcomes. A framework needs to be in place to\nassess periodically who are the most vulnerable, what are\ntheir vulnerabilities, what are the differing needs, what\nare the challenges, and when and how assistance should\nbe made available. This intersectional analysis of gender\nis the first step towards achieving that equity.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **5. Recommendations**\n\n\n\n**5.1 Overarching Recommendation**\n\n\n# _\u201c_\n\n\n\n_**We are part of the problem in terms of power, which is highlighted by the inadequate**_\n_**active engagement of refugees in response programming. The real challenge of the response is**_\n_**in how it can better connect to the agency of the Rohingya themselves in terms of understanding**_\n_**what their changed aspirations are and how they propose moving forward. There are thousands**_\n_**of FGDs taking place across the camps every week. But, by and large, the agendas are set by aid**_\n_**agencies and based on what agencies feel that the Rohingya need to know. We are setting the**_\n_**agenda. Already, there is quite a big power imbalance between the humanitarian community**_\n_**and refugees. We need to start with a blank sheet of paper and allow different social groups of**_\n_**Rohingya to be involved in setting the agenda of what is important to them, and the real issues**_\n_**that they have strong feelings and emotions about (Key Informant, Donor Agency).**_\n\n\n\nThis Gender and Intersectionality report should be\nupdated and revised periodically as the crisis continues\nto unfold and shift from a humanitarian emergency to a\nprotracted nature. Sex, Age and Diversity Disaggregated\nData should form the basis for ongoing monitoring,\nevaluation and strengthening of humanitarian and\ndevelopment interventions.\n\nThe Gender and Intersectionality analysis, assessment\nand research should be Institutionalised, systematised\nand integrated into policies and program cycles of all\nSectors and ISCG. An up-to-date analysis of the changing\ndynamics of gender and intersectionality of the affected\ncommunities will help contextualising humanitarian and\ndevelopment interventions to plan, implement, monitor\nand evaluate considering the different vulnerabilities,\nchallenges, needs, capacities and aspirations of women,\nmen, girls, boys, people living with disabilities and within\nthe gender diverse populations.\n\n\nA well-informed policy that places women and girls at the\nheart of the program can facilitate gender equality while\nalso considering the power dynamics that are at play in the\nfamily and community. As such, the Government should\nstrengthen its coordination mechanism through at least\nquarterly colloquiums at the local level involving concerned\nline ministries, Office of Refugee, Relief and Repatriation\nCommission (RRRC), local Government in Cox\u2019s Bazar, the\nhumanitarian and development actors, donor community,\nCivil Society Organisations (CSOs), and ensure that donor\nand Government policies and programmes towards gender\nequality are well informed of the local context.\n\nIt is recommended that donors along with humanitarian\nand development actors and Civil Society members\n\n\n\nintensify their advocacy with the Government to\nformulate a legal framework for refugees and a medium\nto a long-term programme based on a holistic gender\nand inclusive approach. Moreover, donors should ensure\nadequate funding for gender assessment, continuing\ngender and intersectionality analysis and social norms\nresearch to underpin long-term and transformational\nprograms to address the needs and rights of women and\ngirls. Rohingya refugees and the host communities need\nto be supported with social cohesion training to maintain\npeace and harmony between the communities as well\nas to prevent Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV)\nand avoid further victimisation of women and girls.\nFurthermore, humanitarian actors should engage with\nmedia on ethical reporting of refugee issues and the role\nof female humanitarian responders in the crisis.\n\nTo that end, Sector Coordinators ought to ensure that\nSectoral programs underlie the principles of the right\nof women and girls to have information, meaningful\nparticipation, leadership opportunities and the right to\nbe heard by taking into account their views, experiences,\nperspectives and aspirations in the decision-making\nprocesses that affect their lives. The ISCG should ensure\nthat Sectors and Agencies earmark resources to co-ordinate\nand undertake periodic joint research on the intersectional\nanalysis of Gender, including Gender and Power dynamics,\nGender and Diversity, Gender and Disability, analysis of\nthe Child Protection Systems, as well as social norms,\nvalues and practices of the Rohingya community. The\ndissemination of research findings must be integrated\nas a core strategy into Sectoral policies and programs to\nprotect the diverse needs and rights of women, girls, men,\n\ncapability outcomes and broader well-being.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.2 Age, Gender and**\n**Diversity Mainstreaming**\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n\n_**Gender is often understood as**_\n_**women\u2019s issues but not as relations**_\n## _\u201c_\n_**between women and men (Key Informant,**_\n_**UN Agency).**_\n\n\n\n\n- Taking an intersectional feminist approach by using\nAge, Gender and Diversity (AGD) lens, all Sectors ensure\n**periodic power analysis** of how gender and other\ninequalities affect daily lives of women, girls, men, boys\nand people with diverse identities and their relative\nstatus and position in the community to feed policy,\nprogramme and practice. The periodic **gender and**\n**intersectionality assessment and analysis,** therefore,\naim to help identify **gaps in the humanitarian response**\nof the perspectives, challenges, needs, and aspirations\nof specific groups of the population. It will also identify\n**different vulnerabilities, coping mechanisms, needs**\n**and differential access to services** by diverse groups to\nhelp customise programme and services.\n\n- Using SADDD lens to streamline **disaggregation of**\n**data** **collection across Sectors** and using **adapted**\n**standardised gender and intersectionality tools**\nfor analysis and identifying trends to inform policy,\nprogramme and practice.\n\n- All Sectors ensure **participation of representative**\n**groups** of women, girls, men, boys, people living with\ndisabilities and gender diverse populations, _Hijras_, in\nthe **planning, designing, monitoring and evaluation**\nof all aspects of humanitarian and development\nprogrammes, including **committees of the camp**\n**governance structures** . Each Sector should establish\na clear roadmap of how the participation of different\ngroups will be ensured by **undertaking specific**\n**measures** to address potential barriers for equal\nparticipation.\n\n- **Participation is integrated into the organisational**\n**policy** of Humanitarian and Development Actors. Before\nproject approval, **the Camp in Charge (CiC) holds all**\n**Sector Coordinators accountable** whether women, men,\ngirls, boys, people living with disabilities and _Hijras_ are\nconsulted and their views and desires are taken into\naccount in designing the project.\n\n\n\n\n- All Sectors and Humanitarian Actors ensure a\ndesignated **Gender Adviser position exclusively**\n**responsible for gender and intersectionality**\n**mainstreaming** across the organisation and\nhumanitarian and development responses.\n\n\n- Donors, all Sectors and Humanitarian Actors ensure\n**greater investment, earmark budget, and long-**\n**term programme** for addressing the root causes of\nmultifarious forms of SGBV and trafficking, promoting\ngender equality, and empowerment of women, girls and\npeople with diverse identities.\n\n\n**5.3 Age, Gender and Diversity**\n**Targeted Recommendations**\n\n\n\n_**We need different tools, creative**_\n_**ways to solicit perspectives from**_\n## _\u201c_\n_**Rohingya women and girls, men and**_\n_**boys (Key Informant, UN Agency).**_\n\n\n\n\n- All Sectors adopt a **rights-based approach,** so that\n**specific needs and priorities** of women, men, girls,\nboys, people living with disabilities and _Hijras_ are taken\ninto account in **planning processes and allocation of**\n**resources** and, thereby acknowledge diversity.\n\n\n- All Sectors ensure adopting **monitoring and evaluation**\n**indicators** that incorporate gendered, age, disability,\nlanguage, and sexual identity-based considerations.\n\n\n- Donors in partnerships with the Humanitarian and\nDevelopment Actors and Civil Society members,\nincluding National and International NGOs, academia,\nmedia should advocate with the government to\n**change the policies regarding restrictions over**\n**education, mobility, income-generation and livelihood**\n**opportunities,** and **SRHR implementation** for refugees.\n\n\n- Concerned Sectors, including Food Security, Site\nManagement, Shelter, WASH, Nutrition, diversify\n**economic empowerment initiatives** for women, men,\nand youth, including people living with disabilities,\nelderly and gender diverse populations through paid\nvolunteering, cash for work, cash-for-care work and\nother viable livelihood means.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Humanitarian and Development Actors responsible\nfor Women Friendly Spaces and Adolescent and ChildFriendly Spaces **diversify portable skills development**\n**schemes** in line with interests of the diverse refugee\ngroups as well as link them with the mainstream\nmarketing.\n\n\n- All Sectors and Humanitarian and Development\nActors **promote female leadership through life**\n**skills, leadership training and equal and meaningful**\n**participation** of women, girls and people living with\ndisabilities and gender diverse populations in existing\nleadership structures and mechanisms.\n\n\n- Health Sector and Humanitarian Partners ensure\n**recruitment of female and male refugees for gender-**\n**segregated health assistance,** for particularly SRHR\nand technical support for disabilities.\n\n\n- Humanitarian and Development Actors ensure\nrecruitment of **qualified female teachers, increased**\n**female staff as well as development of staff capacity**\nto work with people living with disabilities.\n\n\n- Sector Coordinators and Gender in Humanitarian Action\nWorking Group (GiHA WG) ensure **building capacity** of\nHumanitarian and Development Partners on gender\nequality and intersectionality.\n\n\n- All Sectors **strengthen partnerships with local and**\n**grassroots Organisations,** particularly those with\nexposure to work on gender equality and people with\ndiverse identities.\n\n\n- All Sectors and Humanitarian Actors target both\nhumanitarian staff as well as refugees to address the\nprevention of sexual abuse and exploitation (PESA).\n\n\n- All Sectors ensure **participatory methodology,**\n**including innovative and creative tools** to engage\nwith women, men, girls, boys and people with diverse\nidentities and with different literacy and language skills\nto share knowledge, information, develop capacity,\nand seek their perspectives in the need assessment,\nmonitoring and evaluation.\n\n\n\n**5.4 Age, Gender and Diversity**\n**Specific Programming**\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n\nDrawing on findings from this research, applicable\nexisting reports and 2020 JRP, [19] the following\nrecommendations are put forward for rights-based, age,\ngender and diversity responsive and evidence-influenced\nprogramming for refugees and as appropriate for host\ncommunities.\n\n\n- Strengthen measures, such as outreach SGBV services,\nincrease documentation and safe and ethical reporting\nof SGBV cases. Provide training to the most vulnerable\n50% of the camp population and host community on\nhow to report SGBV safely.\n\n- Using SADDD to increase outreach services for people\nliving with disabilities.\n\n- Design customised program for men and boys to\ndevelop positive masculinity.\n\n- Concerned Sectors, such as Food Security and\nProtection, should ensure that Intimate Partner\nViolence (IPV) survivors continue receiving food and\nnon-food item support through referrals even after\nthey have left the households.\n\n- Economic empowerment and livelihood programme\nare considered based on different skills, capacities,\ninterests of different groups, marketing options as well\nas necessary support for women such as childcare.\n\n\n\n_**A deliberate affirmative attempt**_\n_**could be to empower women financially**_\n## _\u201c through very viable livelihoods as well as_\n\n_**to work towards changing the mindset**_\n_**of men. You see a positive change in the**_\n_**gender dynamics when you engage men**_\n_**in the community-based programme**_\n_**to create balance in a very equitable**_\n_**manner (Key Informant, International**_\n_**Non-Government Organisation).**_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Fostering informal female self-help groups and create\ndistinct spaces and opportunities for women and girls\nand people living with disabilities and _Hijras_ to voice\ntheir concerns, needs, and opinions.\n\n- Form community-based volunteers across the\ncamps with men, women, girls, boys and people with\ndisabilities and _Hijras_ and develop their skills and\ncapacity.\n\n- Train women, men, girls, boys and people with diverse\nidentities on gender equality, human rights, legal\nawareness and life skills.\n\n- Increased access of women, girls and people with\ndiverse identities to justice through legal assistance.\n\n- Recruit and train male, female adult and youth refugees\nas frontline workers to utilise their skills, capacities\nand help them self-reliant.\n\n- Capacity building initiatives compulsorily integrate\ntrainings concerning SGBV and protection, gender and\nintersectionality awareness, sensitisation, and analysis\nas well as human rights of refugees for humanitarian\nand development actors, including local NGOs,\nPolice, Armed Forces, camp governance committees,\ncommunity and religious leaders and refugee\nvolunteers.\n\n- Increase access to culturally appropriate information\non MHM, regular distribution of sanitation and hygiene\nmaterials, and appropriate space for practising MHM,\nincluding washing, drying and disposal facilities.\n\n- Age-specific, gender-responsive and culturally\nappropriate information and awareness of SRHR and\nservices to men, women, adolescent, youth and people\nliving with disabilities and _Hijras_ .\n\n- Improve the safety of WASH facilities by solid doors,\nlocks, lighting and screening, gender-segregation and\ndisability-friendly and functional toilets and bathing\nunits.\n\n- Apart from outreach activities, all Sectors and\nHumanitarian and Development Service Providers\nimprove physical facilities for people living with\ndisabilities to access services.\n\n- Register gender diverse populations, _Hijras_, on the list\nof humanitarian assistance.\n\n- Initiate approaches responsive to gender and gender\ndiverse populations to distribution management sites,\nand portable skills and other capacity-building skills to\ncontinue supporting most marginalised groups, such as\nfemale and child or youth headed households, people\nwith disabilities and elderly. Increased access to food\nto at-risk families to help address resorting to negative\ncoping mechanisms, such as child marriage, child labor,\ntrafficking and survival sex.\n\n\n\n\n- Increase awareness-raising through community-based\nprogrammes to strengthen inclusive complaints and\nfeedback mechanisms responsive to age, gender and\ndiversity.\n\n- Shelter and Non-Food Items Sector should promote\nsecure, dignified and gender-responsive and disabilitysensitive shelter to ensure enough privacy and security\nfor women and girls.\n\n- Using the AGD lens, conduct Knowledge, Attitudes and\nPractices (KAP) survey to inform inclusive Sectoral\nprogramming. Along with male-headed households\nand construction volunteers, training initiatives should\ninclude women, girls and boys and people living with\ndisabilities and _Hijras_ .\n\n- In coordination with Site Management and Site\nDevelopment, Health Sector should address physical\naccess barriers to health services. With Protection and\nother Sectors to improve dignified and safe access to\nmulti-sector services, including outreach services for\nhard-to-reach groups, such as people with disabilities\nand _Hijras,_ and age-friendly health services and\nrehabilitation programmes.\n\n- Health Sector should ensure specific programmes\nengaging men in their decision-making role in the\nhousehold and community to address gendered\naccess barriers to a number of health services,\nincluding family planning and facility-based services.\nHealth committees comprised of women, men, girls,\nboys, people living with disabilities and _Hijras_ are\nformed and functional across the camps to provide a\nmechanism for two-way feedback to address specific\nneeds of different groups.\n\n- Education Sector in coordination with other concerned\nSectors should ensures equipment and facilities\nare protective, child friendly and age, gender and\ndiversity responsive, and educational learning\nmaterials are participatory, cultural and conflictsensitive. Using the AGD lens, Education Sector\nshould ensure that all targeted children have access\nto safe, protective, gender-responsive and accessible\nlearning environment, including the pilot on Myanmar\nCurriculum. Education providers train facilitators on\ngender and inclusion sensitive teaching and learning,\nand design and develop gender responsive content\nand material for teaching-learning such as integrating\nmenstrual health and hygiene sessions for adolescents\nand youth.\n\nEducation providers also provide alternative learning\nfacilities for adolescents and youth in sex-segregated\nor with same-sex facilities as appropriate and provide\ngender and diversity sensitive WASH facilities. Promote\ncommunity-focused programs with caregivers to\nraise awareness of the significance of education for\nall, positive parenting, negative consequences of\nchild marriage, child labour, and Community Watch\nprogram to protect the most vulnerable children and\nadolescents especially, from SGBV and child trafficking.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The Nutrition Sector in coordination with Protection\nSector and SGBV Sub-Sectors and others should train\nthe nutrition front-line service providers on Child\nProtection principles, confidentiality, identification\nof signs of abuse and referral pathways, and provide\ndisaggregated data on suspected cases of neglect,\nabuse and domestic violence as well as support\nreferral for follow up specialised home visits.\nFurthermore, to ensure that women, girls, people\nliving with disabilities and _Hijras_ receive appropriate\ninformation and message for improved access to\nnutrition services. In coordination with the Protection\nSector and using the Washington Group Short Set of\nQuestions and other applicable tools, the Nutrition\nSector should also train the frontline service providers\nto identify children with disabilities and establish\nlinkage with the Protection Sector referral pathway.\nNutrition partners should ensure that pregnant and\nlactating women, adolescent girls and children avail\nnutrition facilities and identify those among them, who\nmay in need of protection, SGBV or Child Protection\nServices.\n\n- In coordination with Prevention of Sexual abuse and\nExploitation (PESA) network, GBV Sub-Sector, GIHA\nWorking Group, Gender Hub and gender focal points,\nthe Communication with Community (CwC) partners\nconsult with specific groups, such as women and\nchildren and people with diverse identities, and\norganisations to identify issues concerning gender\nand diversity to undertake more targeted campaigns\nfor specific audiences, strengthen referral pathways\nand follow up, and train information hub, CwC staff\nand Volunteers responsible for reporting and referral\nsensitive cases.\n\n- In coordination with CiC, Gender Officers and camp\nlevel Protection and SGBV Actors should ensure that\nwomen, girls and people living with disabilities and\n_Hijras_ are included in the community representative\nsystem for gender and diversity responsive site\ndevelopment and management.\n\n\n\n\n- Protection Sector in coordination with other concerned\nSectors and Community-Based Child Protection\nMechanisms promote and strengthen quality\nChild Protection System, SGBV and protection case\nmanagement, including psychosocial support, effective\nreferral systems, and a multi-functional approach to\ndelivering inclusive protection services.\n\n- The GBV Sub-Sector in coordination with concerned\nMinistries and other Sectors continues expanding\ncomprehensive SGBV prevention and response\nprogram through case management and multi-sector\nreferral systems for SGBV survivors. The three-fold\nstrategies to achieve SGBV prevention and response\nprogramme include: improving the quality and\naccessibility of life-saving SGBV response services\nspecific to needs of different vulnerable groups,\nincluding outreach services; continued advocacy\nmeasures to enhance survivors\u2019 safe and dignified\naccess to justice and security services; and reinforcing\ncommunity-mobilisation strategies through proven\nSGBV prevention models promoting the positive\ntransformation of harmful social and gender norms.\nThis necessitates undertaking gender transformative\nprogrammes using context-specific and culturally\nsensitive messages and partnerships not only with\nwomen and girls and people with diverse identities\nbut also and importantly with influential community\nmembers, religious leaders, men and boys to identify\nand transform harmful social norms, particularly\ngender norms, attitudes, values and practices.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "AHSAN, M. 2015. _Power and Relational dynamics in Participation: Children and Young People\u2019s Opportunities and Choices_\n_in Decision-making in Bangladesh, Unpublished PhD thesis, The Australian National University,_ _https://openresearch-_\n_repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/155260, accessed 15.11.2019._\n\n\nCOX\u2019S BAZAR EDUCATION SECTORS 2018. Joint Education Needs Assessment: Rohingya Refugee in Cox\u2019s Bazar June\n2018, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/cxb_jena_assessment_report-180607.pdf, accessed\n30.04.2020.\n\n\nGUGLIELMI, S., JONES, N., MUZ, J., BAIRD, S., MITU, K. & UDDIN, M. A. 2020. Age- and gender-based violence risks facing\nRohingya and Bangladeshi adolescents in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Policy Brief. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence,\nhttps://www.gage.odi.org/publication/age-gender-based-violence-risks-rohingya-bangladeshi-adolescents/, accessed\n30.04.2020.\n\n\nHUMANITY & INCLUSION 2019. Inclusive Services for persons with disabilities in Jadimura Camp, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Briefing Paper,\n\nhttps://hi.org/sn_uploads/document/BP_inclusion_bengladesh-V3.pdf, accessed 17.03.2020.\n\n\nINTER SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2019. Gender Reflections: Two Years of the Rohingya Refugee Response,\nSeptember 2019: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/document/gender-refectionstwo-years-rohingya-refugee-response-september-2019, accessed 06.12.2019.\n\n\nINTER-SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2020. Joint Response Plan, Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis, https://reliefweb.\nint/report/bangladesh/2020-joint-response-plan-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-january-december-2020, accessed\n03.03.2020.\n\n\nINTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC) 2019. Access to Justice for Rohingya and Host Community in Cox\u2019s Bazar, February\n2019, https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/fles/document/3929/accessingjusticeassessmentexternalfnalsmall.pdf\naccessed 15.01.2020.\n\n\nMITCHELL, R. C. & MOORE, S. A. 2018. Transdisciplinary Child and Youth Studies: Critical Praxis, Global Perspectives, World\nFutures, 74 (7-8), pp. 450-470, https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2018.1485435, accessed 23.01.2020.\n\n\nMONTUORI, A. 2013. \u201cThe Complexity of Transdisciplinary Literature Reviews,\u201d Complicity: An International Journal of\nComplexity and Education Volume 10 (2013), Number 1/2 \u2022 pp. 45-55, https://fles.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074499.pdf,\naccessed 10.02.2020.\n\n\nOXFAM INTERNATIONAL 2020. VOICES RISING: Rohingya women\u2019s priorities and leadership\nin Myanmar and Bangladesh, https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=rm&ogbl#inbox/\nFMfcgxwHNDCsLwFWZRjgGnvWBkVwmgKh?projector=1&messagePartId=0.0, accessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\nSEN, A. 2005. Human Rights and Capabilities, Journal of Human Development, Routledge, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 151-166,\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491, accessed 10.02.2020.\n\n\nTOULEMONDE, M. 2020. COVID-19 Outbreak: Cox\u2019s Bazar Rapid Gender Analysis, May 2020, developed by the ISCG Gender\nHub in collaboration with UN Women, CARE and OXFAM, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/\ncovid-19_outbreak_rapid_gender_analysis_-_coxs_bazar_-_may_2020.pdf, accessed 12.06.2020.\n\n\nUNDP BANGLADESH COUNTRY OFFICE 2018. Impacts of the Rohingya Refugee Influx on Host Communities, November 2018,\n\nhttps://www.undp.org/content/dam/bangladesh/docs/Publications/Pub-2019/Impacts%20of%20the%20Rohingya%20\nRefgee%20Infux%20on%20Host%20Communities.pdf, accessed 10.11.2019.\n\n\nbangladesh/en/stories/expanding-education-rohingya-refugee-children-bangladesh, accessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 MONTUORI, A. 2013. \u201cThe Complexity of Transdisciplinary Literature Reviews,\u201d Complicity: An International Journal\nof Complexity and Education Volume 10 (2013), Number 1/2 \u2022 pp. 45-55, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074499.pdf,\naccessed 10.02.2020.\n\n\n2 MITCHELL, R. C. & MOORE, S. A. 2018. Transdisciplinary Child and Youth Studies: Critical Praxis, Global Perspectives,\nWorld Futures, 74 (7-8), pp. 450-470, https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2018.1485435, accessed 23.01.2020.\n\n\n3 SEN, A. 2005. Human Rights and Capabilities, Journal of Human Development, Routledge, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp.\n151-166, https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491, accessed 10.02.2020.\n\n\n4 INTER-SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2020. Joint Response Plan, Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis, https://\nreliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/2020-joint-response-plan-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-january-december-2020,\naccessed 03.03.2020.\n\n\n5 OXFAM INTERNATIONAL 2020. VOICES RISING: Rohingya women\u2019s priorities and\nleadership in Myanmar and Bangladesh, https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=rm&ogbl#inbox/\nFMfcgxwHNDCsLwFWZRjgGnvWBkVwmgKh?projector=1&messagePartId=0.0, accessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n6 COX\u2019S BAZAR EDUCATION SECTORS 2018. Joint Education Needs Assessment: Rohingya Refugee in Cox\u2019s Bazar\nJune 2018, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/cxb_jena_assessment_report-180607.pdf, accessed\n30.04.2020.\n\n\n7 UNICEF 2020. Expanding education for Rohingya refugee children in Bangladesh, UNICEF 2020, https://www.unicef.\norg/bangladesh/en/stories/expanding-education-rohingya-refugee-children-bangladesh, accessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n8 UNDP BANGLADESH COUNTRY OFFICE 2018. Impacts of the Rohingya Refugee Influx on Host Communities,\nNovember 2018, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/bangladesh/docs/Publications/Pub-2019/Impacts%20of%20the%20\nRohingya%20Refigee%20Influx%20on%20Host%20Communities.pdf, accessed 10.11.2019.\n\n\n9 AHSAN, M. 2015. _Power and Relational dynamics in Participation: Children and Young People\u2019s Opportunities_\n_and Choices in Decision-making in Bangladesh, Unpublished PhD thesis, The Australian National University, https://_\n_openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/155260, accessed 15.11.2019._\n\n\n10 GUGLIELMI, S., JONES, N., MUZ, J., BAIRD, S., MITU, K. & UDDIN, M. A. 2020. Age- and gender-based violence risks\nfacing Rohingya and Bangladeshi adolescents in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Policy Brief. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global\nEvidence, https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/age-gender-based-violence-risks-rohingya-bangladeshi-adolescents/,\naccessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n11 INTER SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2019. Gender Reflections: Two Years of the Rohingya Refugee\nResponse, September 2019: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/document/genderreflections-two-years-rohingya-refugee-response-september-2019, accessed 06.12.2019.\n\n\n12 GUGLIELMI, S., JONES, N., MUZ, J., BAIRD, S., MITU, K. & UDDIN, M. A. 2020. Age- and gender-based violence risks\nfacing Rohingya and Bangladeshi adolescents in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Policy Brief. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global\nEvidence, https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/age-gender-based-violence-risks-rohingya-bangladeshi-adolescents/,\naccessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Education Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7103589773178101, - "start": 220, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7518680095672607, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "COX\u2019S BAZAR EDUCATION SECTORS", - "confidence": 0.7035430073738098, - "start": 212, - "end": 218 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COX\u2019S BAZAR", - "confidence": 0.8136502504348755, - "start": 212, - "end": 216 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.531107485294342, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5181718468666077, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya Refugee", - "confidence": 0.8573106527328491, - "start": 225, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13 INTER SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2019. Gender Reflections: Two Years of the Rohingya Refugee\nResponse, September 2019: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/document/genderreflections-two-years-rohingya-refugee-response-september-2019, accessed 06.12.2019.\n\n\n14 HUMANITY & INCLUSION 2019. Inclusive Services for persons with disabilities in Jadimura Camp, Cox\u2019s Bazar,\nBriefing Paper, https://hi.org/sn_uploads/document/BP_inclusion_bengladesh-V3.pdf, accessed 17.03.2020.\n\n\n15 INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC) 2019. Access to Justice for Rohingya and Host Community in Cox\u2019s Bazar,\nFebruary 2019, https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/3929/accessingjusticeassessmentexternalfinalsmall.\npdf accessed 15.01.2020.\n\n\n16 GUGLIELMI, S., JONES, N., MUZ, J., BAIRD, S., MITU, K. & UDDIN, M. A. 2020. Age- and gender-based violence risks\nfacing Rohingya and Bangladeshi adolescents in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Policy Brief. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global\nEvidence, https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/age-gender-based-violence-risks-rohingya-bangladeshi-adolescents/,\naccessed 30.04.2020.\n\n\n17 UNDP BANGLADESH COUNTRY OFFICE 2018. Impacts of the Rohingya Refugee Influx on Host Communities,\nNovember 2018, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/bangladesh/docs/Publications/Pub-2019/Impacts%20of%20the%20\nRohingya%20Refigee%20Influx%20on%20Host%20Communities.pdf, accessed 10.11.2019.\n\n\n18 INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC) 2019. Access to Justice for Rohingya and Host Community in Cox\u2019s Bazar,\nFebruary 2019, https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/3929/accessingjusticeassessmentexternalfinalsmall.\npdf accessed 15.01.2020.\n\n\n19 INTER-SECTOR COORDINATION GROUP (ISCG) 2020. Joint Response Plan, Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis, https://\nreliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/2020-joint-response-plan-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-january-december-2020,\naccessed 03.03.2020.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ab51437d-4144-34dd-a0c6-280adcdff73d/Coxs-Bazar-Abridged-vesrion_Gender-and-Intersectionality-Report-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_307/raw/doc_307_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_307/raw/doc_307_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d10d30cba521d7b8c761201ba6da96046adac4a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_307/raw/doc_307_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights** **Brief Review of the Situation in Crimea**\n## **(January 2015)**\n\nAnalytical Review\n\n\n**TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 1\n\n\n\u0406. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\nII. Problems of the residents of Crimea ......................................................................................................................... 3\n\n2.1. Civil and political rights ............................................................................................................................................ 3\n\n\nRight to Life ................................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nRight to Freedom and Personal Immunity ................................................................................................................ 3\n\n\nDisappearance .......................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\nArrests ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4\n\n\nFreedom of Speech and Expression .......................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\nFreedom of Peaceful Assembly .................................................................................................................................. 7\n\n\nFreedom of Association ............................................................................................................................................... 8\n\nFreedom of Conscience and Religion ........................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\nFreedom of Movement................................................................................................................................................. 9\n\n\nRight to a Fair Trial and Efficient Means of Legal Protection ............................................................................... 10\n\n\nKolchenko's lawsuit on the recognition of the right to citizenship of Ukraine ............................................... 11\n\nOther citizens of Ukraine detained in Lefortovo ................................................................................................ 11\n\n\nCourt proceedings ...................................................................................................................................................... 12\n\n\nIssues Related to Citizenship .................................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n2.2. Social and Economic Rights ................................................................................................................................... 14\n\nProperty Rights ........................................................................................................................................................... 14\n\n\nAccess to healthcare .................................................................................................................................................. 15\n\n\nIII. Problems of the Residents of Crimea who Had to Excape from the Peninsula and Move to Continental\nUkraine (Internally Displaced Persons) ........................................................................................................................ 15\n\n\nGeneral situation ........................................................................................................................................................ 15\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0406. INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nThe present Monitoring Review has been prepared by the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights and is\nbased on the materials collected by the Mission during its work in Crimea, as well as in Russia and Ukraine in\nJanuary 2014.\n\n\nThe Crimean Field Mission (\u201cthe CFM\u201d) commenced its work on 5 March 2014.\n\n\nThe aims of the Mission are as follows:\n\n - provision of information about the developments in Crimea;\n\n\n - mitigation of threats of all parties to the conflict;\n\n\n - maintenance of proper legal guaranties in the region, strengthening and promotion of human rights\n\nstandards and effective protection mechanisms through the monitoring of the situation and\nverification of incoming messages about different clashes;\n\n\n - provision of comprehensive assistance to the initiatives aimed at the protection of human rights of all\n\nparticipants of the conflict.\n\n\nEmphasizing that human rights remain to be a direct and legitimate concern of the international civil society\nwhile implementing the abovementioned aims, the Mission shall:\n\n\n - perform monitoring of the general situation concerning compliance with the provisions of\n\ninternational humanitarian law and fundamental human rights in Crimea, issues of protection\nof human rights defenders, journalists, lawyers, as well as public figures and ensuring their\nprofessional activities;\n\n\n - pay special attention to the monitoring of inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations;\n\n\n - conduct monitoring of the activities of law enforcement agencies and state authorities;\n\n\n - call on all parties of the confrontation to abide by the rules of international humanitarian law and\n\nobligations in the field of the protection of human rights, as well as call on international organizations\nand their members and participants to control the observance of such obligations.\n\n\nThe Mission unconditionally refuses to resort to violence or discrimination in its activities and is guided by the\nprinciples of political neutrality and adherence to law.\n\nThe conclusions of the paper have been made on the basis of the first-hand information (observation of the\nsituation and developments in Crimea, interviewing the representatives of key target groups), mass media\nmonitoring, analysis of the developments and legal basis, as well as on the basis of official statistic data.\n\nThe review is prepared monthly and includes the chapters on the situation with civil and political,\nsocio-economic rights in Crimea, as well as deals with the issues of the status of vulnerable\ngroups and manifestations of xenophobia on the peninsula.\n\n\nIn addition, the Review features the issues of the residents of Crimea who had to escape from the peninsula\nand move to Ukraine\u201fs mainland (internally displaced persons).\n\nThe CFM is grateful to everyone who assisted with the preparation of the present Review.\n\n\nThe monitoring review was prepared with support from the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of\nSwitzerland and the \u201cDemocratization and Human Rights in Ukraine\u201d project implemented by the United\nNations Development Programme in Ukraine and financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.\n\n\nThe opinions, positions, and assessment contained in this Review do not necessarily represent the position of\nthe United Nations Development Programme, other UN agencies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark\nand the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II. PROBLEMS OF THE RESIDENTS OF CRIMEA**\n\n\n**2.1. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS**\n\n\nRIGHT TO LIFE\n\n\nThe Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights has got new information on the investigation into the abduction\nand murder of Reshat Ametov, Mark Ivanyuk and Stanislav Karachevsky in Crimea.\n\n\n**Reshat Ametov** was arrested by unidentified men in camouflage uniforms on March 3, 2014 at the central\nsquare of Simferopol in front of the Council of Ministers of Crimea. On March 15, his body, with multiple\nmarkings of foul play, was found in Zemlyanichnoe village of Belogorsky area. The cause of death was the\ntwo stab wounds in the frontal area and brow ridge.\n\n\nAs it became known to the CFM, the investigation into the murder of Reshat Ametov was suspended under\npar. 1 of Part 1 of Article 208 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The Main Investigative\nDepartment of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation in Crimea reported that the lawyer\u201fs\nrequest for approval as a representative of the victim (victim\u201fs brother) in this regard could not be considered\non its merits.\n\n\n**Mark Ivanyuk** was killed on April 20, 2014 near the Olenevka village, where he lived. With regard to the\nkilling, the local law enforcement authorities opened a criminal case on the grounds of an offense under Part\n3 of Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, namely, the violation of traffic rules and\noperation of vehicles that entailed death. At the same time, in December 2014, it was discovered that the\ninvestigation into this case was suspended back in August 2014, which has not been reported to the relatives\nin a timely manner. It should also be noted that in the media it was reported that the in death of a young\nman the local police may be involved. Currently, the family of the deceased has a lawyer representing their\ninterests.\n\n\n**Stanislav Karachevsky**, the Major of the Ukrainian Navy, was killed on April 6, 2014 by the military of the\nRussian Federation. The murder took place in Crimea in the urban settlement Novofedorovka, in a dormitory\nwhere the Ukrainian military personnel of Saki base resided before leaving for the mainland Ukraine. The\ncase on this murder was heard in the garrison military court of Sevastopol. According to the lawyer, the court\nhearing was postponed for an indefinite period in connection with the dissolution of the old panel of judges.\nThe case will be considered by a new panel of judges of the Crimean garrison military court in Simferopol.\n\nThe charge with murder under Article 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was brought\nagainst a Russian sergeant Evgeny Zaytsev. The witnesses of these events told the media that a group of\nRussian soldiers arranged a hunt for the Ukrainian unarmed officers, broke into their dormitory, showered\nthe corridors with stun grenades: \u201cSergeant Evgeny Zaytsev shot Stanislav Karachevsky from a Kalashnikov:\none bullet in the lung, the second in the head\u201d.\n\n\nRIGHT TO FREEDOM AND PERSONAL IMMUNITY\n\n\nDISAPPEARANCE\nThe Crimean Field Mission has no new information on the disappearances and abductions of the following\nnine individuals: **Ivan Bondarets, Vladislav Vashchuk, Vasily Chernysh, Timur Shaimardanov,**\n**Seyran Zinedinov, Islyam Dzheparov, Dzhevdet Islyamov, Eskender Apselyamov, Potapov O.M.**\n\n\nWith regard to the case of Timur Shaimardanov the lawyer reported that back in November he appealed\nagainst the investigator\u201fs refusal of access to the case files, but as of the end of January he had not received\na response to the appeal.\n\n\nThe Contact Group established at the Council of Ministers did not hold the meetings in January devoted to\nthe search for the missing Crimean Tatars. In addition, a round table scheduled for January 23 by the\nCommissioner for Human Rights in Crimea Ludmila Lubina, where the Investigative Committee was to report\non the progress of the investigation has been postponed for an indefinite period of time.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ARRESTS\n\n\nOn January 19, the fifth person involved in the \u201eMay 3 [rd] \u201f case **Edem Osmanov** was arrested on a charge\nunder Part 1 of Article 318 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation \u201cViolence against a public official\u201d.\nAccording to the information available to the CFM, in the course of Osmanov\u201fs transportation from\nChernomorsk to Simferopol the police behaved inappropriately and used physical force against him. On\nJanuary 21, the Central District Court of Simferopol approved his detention for a period of two months until\nMarch 21. According to the lawyer Emil Kurbedinov, the court ignored the fact that the constitutional rights\nof the detained by police Osmanov were violated - the period of detention should not exceed 48 hours, which\nexpired before the trial for the election of a preventive measure; Osmanov was convoyed to court by the law\nenforcement agencies, and during the hearing was behind the bars in handcuffs. In addition, according to\nthe lawyer, there are no valid grounds for a preventive measure in the form of detention.\n\nThe Osmanov\u201fs family is under scrutiny of the law enforcement bodies of the Crimean authorities and was\nsubject to political persecution because of their support for protest events in Ukraine. This conclusion is\nbased on the fact that on September 6 the law enforcement officers searched the home of Mustafa\nOsmanov, the father of Edem, known for his support of the protesters in Kiev in December 2013. Back then,\nMustafa Osmanov in his car came to Maidan Nezavisimosti, brought food and a pot to cook the pilaw for the\nprotesters in Kiev.\n\n\nEarlier, under the \u201eMay 3rd\u201f case 4 Crimean Tatars: **Musa Apkerimov, Rustam Abdurakhmanov, Tahir**\n**Smedlyaev, Edem Ebulisov** were arrested detained for one to two months. Currently they are at home in\ntheir own custody or on bail. There is a pre-trial investigation in relation to them.\n\n\nIt is to be recalled that on May 3 in Crimea there were mass public gatherings. On that day, the leader of the\nCrimean Tatar people Mustafa Dzhemilev was not allowed to enter Crimea. Several thousand Crimean Tatars\ncame to meet him. In connection with these events, a large number of Crimean Tatars were subjected to\nadministrative proceedings: administrative cases for the violation of the procedure of holding public events\nwere opened and they were subsequently fined under the court decisions; in respect of a number of people\ncriminal cases were opened.\n\nOn January 22, the Head of the Central Election Commission of Kurultay of the Crimean Tatar people **Zair**\n**Smedlyaev** received a summons requiring to come to the Investigative Division of the FSS to provide\nexplanations with regard to a criminal case on the events that took place near Armyansk on May 3, 2014\n(Annex 1).\n\n\nOn January 22, at the meeting of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Countering Extremist Activities it\nbecame known that the Prosecutor of Crimea sent to the investigative authorities the materials for the\ncriminal prosecution of the three focal points of the Committee on Protection of the Rights of the Crimean\nTatar People. They were charged with public calls for action aimed at violating the territorial integrity of the\nRussian Federation - Part 2, Article 280.1 of the Criminal Code of Russia. It is currently unknown whether the\nInvestigative Committee has opened a criminal case.\n\nOn January 23, at about four o\u201fclock in the morning, at the border crossing point of the Russian Federation in\nArmyansk the three focal points of the Committee on Protection of the Rights of the Crimean Tatar People **Eskender Bariev, Sinever Kadyrov** and **Akmedzhit Suleimanov** were arrested. After that Kadyrov was\nreferred to the Armyansk City Court, which on the same day adopted a decision on the deportation of\nSinever Kadyrov from Crimea for violating the migration law of the Russian Federation (for more detail see\nFreedom of Movement).\n\n\nOn January 23, three Crimean Tatars Ruslan Zeytullaev (29 years of age), Nuri Primov (38 years of age) and\nRustem Vaitov (28 years of age) were arrested under Article 205.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian\nFederation \u201cOrganization of the activity of terrorist organizations and participation in the activities of such\norganizations\u201d. All of them were charged with participation in the activities of the organization \u201eHizb utTahrir\u201f. On the same day there was a court hearing and the arrested were detained for 2 months. According\nto the lawyer, one of the suspects has previously come to the attention of the Security Service of Ukraine\nwithin the framework of the criminal case on the violation of territorial integrity, but the criminal case was\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "subsequently closed and the trial under the administrative proceeding on the participation in an unregistered\npublic association established his innocence. However, now, according to the Russian law, one of the\ndetainees may face from 15 to 20 years of imprisonment or life imprisonment for organizing the activities,\nthe other two, from 5 to 10 years for participation. Russia is the only country where Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami\nis recognized as a terrorist organization. On January 26, the arrested were taken to the detention facility in\nSimferopol (for details see Freedom of Conscience and Religion).\n\n\nOn January 28, the law enforcement officers arrested a member of the Board of NGO Sebat, participant of\nthe land \u201eprotest glades\u201f [1] **Seydamet Gemedzhi** . The grounds for his arrest was the opening of a criminal\ncase based on the statements of other participants of the \u201eprotest glades\u201f, claiming that Gemedzhi took\nmoney from them for the resolution of land issues within a protest glade in Dubki village of Simferopol\ndistrict. Seydamet Gemedzhi has been detained for two months.\n\n\nIt is important to note that a month before the representatives of the organization Sebat harshly criticized\nthe new regulations governing land relations in Crimea, declared their intentions to hold protests at the walls\nof the Crimean Parliament and claimed that at the territories of the \u201eprotest glades\u201f the law enforcement\nofficers raided in the evenings, establishing the identity of persons living on the taken-over lands.\n\nAt the same time, the applicants denied any pressure on them and claimed that fraud had taken place.\n\n\nOn January 29, in the premise of the Investigative Department of the FSS, a Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis\n**Akhtem Chiygoz** who came for questioning in a criminal case on the events near the Supreme Council of\nthe Autonomous Republic of Crimea on February 26, 2014 was arrested. Akhtem Chiygoz is suspected of\ncommitting a crime under Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation \u201cMass riots\u201d. On January\n30, the Kiev District Court of Simferopol approved his detention until February 19.\n\n\nAccording to investigators, on 26 February, 2014, near the building of the Verkhovna Rada of the\nAutonomous Republic of Crimea (State Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea) during a\ndemonstration of representatives of the NGO Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people, unidentified persons, in\nflagrant violation of the public order and the rules for holding the mass events, ignoring the legitimate\ndemands of the officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine on the termination of illegal actions,\nbegan to call the present Crimean Tatars to disobey the lawful demands of the authorities, use violence, as\nwell as encouraged the participants to follow them in committing the above actions, which led to the mass\ndisorder, accompanied by the use of violence against the members of the movement Russian Unity and selfdefense of the Republic of Crimea, the damage and destruction of property.\n\n\nOn January 30, in Bakhchisarai, the law enforcers searched the house of the Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis\nAkhtem Chiygoz within the investigative actions in the criminal case on the organization of and participation\nin the mass riots. According to the wife of the arrested, during a search the law enforcement officers were\naggressive, insulted religious and national feelings, caused material damage to property and denied a request\nto invite the neighbors as independent witnesses.\n\n\nAkhtem Chiygoz is a citizen of Ukraine, the peaceful assembly took place in the territory of Ukraine, the\nparticipants of the peaceful assembly did not violate the Ukrainian legislation. Russia has no grounds to apply\nthe Russian jurisdiction to the events of February 26, 2014. These actions can be considered in terms of\noffenses only by Ukraine.\n\nShortly before the arrest of Akhmed Chiygoz, on January 26, within a criminal case opened in relation to the\ndeath of two people on the square in front of the Supreme Council of Crimea on February 26, 2014, a search\nin the premise of the **Crimean Tatar channel ATR** was conducted. According to the decision of the\ninvestigator (Annex 2), the grounds for the search was the operational information that the channel had the\nmaterials relevant to this case.\n\n\n1 \u2018Protest glade\u201f - unauthorized seizure of land by the Crimean Tatars in response to the unresolved issue of rehabilitation of land of the\n\nCrimean Tatars that returned after the deportation.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Given the available documents and information available on the website of the Main Investigative\nDepartment it is impossible to argue that this is the same case. The case No. 2014467091 on the death of\ntwo people was opened on June 27, 2014 and is pursued by the major case investigator of the first\ninvestigative division of the major cases investigative department of the Main Investigative Department of\nthe Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Crimea, Captain of Justice Azizov\nB.R.\n\n\nAt the same time, the events that are being investigated occurred when the Crimean peninsula was both de\nfacto and de jure under the jurisdiction of Ukraine. The application of the Criminal Code of the Russian\nFederation in relation to the events that occurred prior to its actual use in this area is contrary to the\nprinciple of legal certainty, makes the criminal law retroactive.\n\nThus, the Russian investigative authorities are investigating the incident, which occurred not in their\njurisdiction. They also cannot refer to a succession of cases, which they got from the investigating authorities\nof Ukraine in Crimea.\n\nThe initiation of any of these investigations is contrary to the Criminal Code of Russia, its Article 9 on the\nforce of the criminal law in time, which clearly stipulates that the action is defined as crime and is punishable\nby the criminal law in force at the time such action was committed, and the events under investigation\noccurred during the time when the criminal law of Ukraine was in force.\n\n\nFREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION\n\n\nIn Crimea there is a continued pressure on the media in the form of refusal of registration, searches, seizure\nand damage of property, refusal of extension of the lease of premises, arrest of journalists and threats\nagainst them.\n\nOn January 22, it became known that the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information\nTechnology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) refused to register the **news agency QHA** . The notice of\nrefusal of registration (Annex 3) does not clarify on what basis the decision was made - Roscomnadzor refers\nonly to Article 13 of the Law On the Media, which only states that the competent authorities have the right to\nrefuse the registration under certain conditions.\n\nOn January 26, at the **ATR channel** there was a search with the involvement of a large number of armed\nriot police, which led to a short-term suspension of analogue broadcasting and paralyzed for a day the work\nof the news service of ATR. The grounds for the search was the operational data that the TV channel has\nmaterials that are relevant to the investigation into the criminal case No.2014467091 on the death of two\npeople during the events of February 26, 2014 in front of the Supreme Council of the ARC, while the\nadministration of the channel at the request of investigators reported that all the materials were destroyed\n(Annex 2).\n\n\nAt the same time, there were no reasonable grounds for the involvement in the investigative actions\nperformed by the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and the Center for Combating\nExtremism with the armed riot police. In carrying out the investigations there were facts of hindering\njournalistic activities of channel employees.\n\n\nThe OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media Dunja Mijatovic condemned the raid of the security\nforces of Crimea to the television company ATR in Simferopol, considering it an interference in the work of\nthe free and independent media.\n\n\nOn January 28, prior to the court hearing related to the citizenship of Alexander Kolchenko, the cameraman\nof the **Chernomorskaya TV channel** was not allowed in the building of the Kiev District Court of\nSimferopol. The security motivated its refusal of access by the lack of the judge\u201fs decision permitting the\nvideo recording, and the arguments about shooting the cover shots within the court and not the court\nhearing were not taken into account.\n\n\nJanuary 29 was the deadline for submission of documents for participation in the tender \u201cfor the right to\ncarry out the ground broadcasting using specific radio frequencies in the new territories of the Russian\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Federation \u2013 the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, the city of federal significance\u201d, which was scheduled at\nthe meeting of the Federal Tender Commission on Broadcasting for February 25, 2015. In order to\nparticipate in the tender it was necessary to submit a certificate of registration of the mass media (radio\nchannel), as well as a universal license for broadcasting, indicating the type of work \u2013 radio broadcasting.\nThe equal participation of Crimean broadcasters in the tender, as well as submission of the requested tender\ndocuments is currently unavailable - not all the broadcasters have been registered as mass media. Moreover,\nnone of the Crimean broadcasters has the universal license for radio broadcasting.\n\n\nThe administration of the **Chernomorskaya Broadcasting Company** completed the analysis of the\ntechnical condition of the equipment that was returned after withdrawal in the framework of securing a\ncommercial dispute of the TV channel with a radio and television transmitting center. It was impossible to\ndetermine the exact amount of damage caused by the withdrawal of the equipment, however, it was found\nthat some of the computers were returned incomplete (one computer does not have a 3 TB hard drive, the\nother - a sound card which costs about 600 USD), also, all filmmaking equipment was returned incomplete all the cameras were returned without batteries, some did not have memory cards, microphones and other\nparts.\n\nIn addition, it was found that during the storage of the withdrawn equipment, the hard drives of personal\ncomputers were removed, most probably for copying the information stored on them.\n\n\nFREEDOM OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY\n\n\nOn January 17, **Committee on Protection of the Rights of the Crimean Tatar people** organized the\nsecond All-Crimean Conference on the protection of the rights of the Crimean Tatar people in Simferopol,\nwhich was attended by over 60 people. However, from the beginning of the conference attempts were made\nto hinder its work. The building where the conference was held was entered by a group of unknown people\nin the sports uniform (about 30 people), who tried to disrupt the event, provoked the participants by insults,\nincited hatred and hostility, attempted to attack the coordinators of the Committee - Sinaver Kadyrov and\nEskender Bariev. The Conference organizers were forced to stop its work until the liberation of the premises\nfrom the unknown persons. According to witnesses, the police for a long time did not respond to the illegal\nactions of the unknown people that attempted to disrupt the event, and did not take measures for protection\nof the public order. The conference participants did not respond to provocations, all their actions\ndemonstrated that they would not involve in the conflict and use violence. As a result, two unknown persons\nwere taken to the police department.\n\n\nOn January 26, **Larisa Sablina** announced her intention to hold a one-man protest at the building of the\nCouncil of Ministers in Simferopol with a demand to solve the issues related to the remuneration of\nemployees of the budget institutions. She said that she notified the Simferopol city administration about that,\nbut in response to the notification she received a refusal of holding a one-man protest. The CFM is working\nto establish the reasons for such a refusal.\n\n\nIn January, the cases of persecution of participants of a peaceful assembly, which took place on February 26,\n2014 in Simferopol, were of particular concern. In January 2015, the Investigative Committee of the Russian\nFederation instituted the criminal proceedings for organizing and participating in the mass riots. On January\n29, 2015, in the framework of this case, the Deputy Chairman of the **Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people**\n**Akhtem Chiygoz** was arrested and is now detained. Akhtem Chiygoz is a citizen of Ukraine, the events took\nplace in the territory of Ukraine, the participants of the peaceful assembly did not violate the Ukrainian\nlegislation. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Commissioner confirmed that the actions committed on February\n26, 2014 at the indicated place represented the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly and did not violate\nthe laws of Ukraine. Russia has no grounds to apply the Russian jurisdiction to the events of February 26,\n2014. These actions can be considered in terms of offenses only by Ukraine.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION\n\n\nThe local authorities organized criminal prosecution for political reasons of the creators and coordinators of\nthe **Committee on the Protection of the Rights of the Crimean Tatar people** .\n\nOn January 29, at the meeting of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Countering Extremist Activities at\nthe Prosecutor\u201fs Office in Crimea, the Prosecutor Natalia Poklonskaya reported that six materials were\nsubmitted to the investigative authorities for the organization of criminal prosecution [2], including with regard\nto certain individuals on the grounds of crimes under Part 2 of Article 280.1 (public calls for action aimed at\nviolating the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation), Part 2 of Article 239 (establishment of a nonprofit organization, encroaching on the identity and the rights of citizens), Part 2 of Article 282 (incitement of\nhatred or enmity), Article 282.3 (funding of extremist activities), Part 1 of Article 212 (organization of mass\nriots) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor said that among these materials there\nare materials relating to the fact of committing of unlawful activities by the three coordinators of one of the\n\u201cunofficial\u201d organizations. This organization is the Committee on Protection of the Rights of the Crimean\nTatar people, which was not registered under the Russian law, on the basis of which the local authorities\nconsider the organization \u201cunofficial\u201d.\n\nIn this regard, it should be noted that the right to free association should be freely exercised regardless of\nthe legal status of the association. The coordinators of the Committee did not commit actions reported by the\nprosecutor. And because the prosecution was organized after the Committee held the second All-Crimean\nConference on the Protection of the rights of the Crimean Tatar people, where the organizers expressed their\ndisagreement with the actions of local authorities, it indicates the political persecution of the coordinators of\nthe public association with the use of legal mechanisms, namely, the forging of criminal cases.\n\n\nFREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION\n\n\nIn early January, the Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea of the **Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Kiev**\n**Patriarchate** (UOC-KP) Clement confirmed that in Crimea there are only 9 parishes of the UOC-KP, and at\nthe beginning of 2014 there were 15 parishes. The UOC-KP has currently lost five temples (in Perevalnoye\nvillage of Simferopol district, in Krasnoperekopsk, Kerch, Sevastopol and Saki). The reduction of parishes has\nincreased the number of parishioners in the main temple in Simferopol (in honor of Prince Vladimir and\nPrincess Olga).\n\n\nSerious concern is raised by the situation with the adherents of **Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami** (Islamic Party of\nLiberation). The literature of this religious and political group is available in the mosques in many Muslim\nfamilies. According to the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2003,\nHizb ut-Tahrir was recognized as a terrorist organization, its activities in the territory of the Russian\nFederation are prohibited. The participation in the movement, according to Russian law enforcement\nagencies, constitutes a criminal offense. However, according to the Ukrainian legislation, Hizb ut-Tahrir was a\nlegal organization in Crimea and had certain adherents who stayed in Crimea. Since in Russia the Hizb utTahrir is recognized as a terrorist organization, it leads to the risk that all members of the organization who\nhad previously acted legally in Crimea, shall now be prosecuted.\n\n\nOn January 23, near Sevastopol, the FSS officers arrested three people: **Ruslan Zeytullaev** (29 years of\nage), **Nuri Primov** (38 years of age) and **Rustem Vaitov** (28 years of age), who were detained for 2\nmonths under the court decision. The detainees are suspected of organizing in the peninsula and\nparticipation in the activities of Hizb ut-Tahrir. One of the detainees may face from 15 to 20 years of\nimprisonment or a life imprisonment for organizing the activities, the other two - from 5 to 10 years for\nparticipation under Article 205.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation \u201cOrganization of activity of\nthe terrorist organization or participation in a terrorist organization prohibited in the Russian Federation\u201d. The\nrelatives and acquaintances confirmed that the detainees were not involved in the terrorist activities and\nwere adherents of Islam. There is no conclusive evidence of detainees\u201f involvement in Hizb ut-Tahrir. Some\nof those, whose homes had been searched, previously came to the attention of the Security Service of\n\n\n2 http://rkproc.ru/news/n-poklonskaya-lyubaya-destruktivnaya-deyatelnost-budet-zhestko-presekatsya\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukraine, but even then their involvement in the extremist Islamic groups had not been proved. The Contact\nGroup on Human Rights, which conducted a survey of relatives and neighbors, also emphasizes that the\nversion of the investigation finds no confirmation and, in their opinion, the actions of the law enforcers are\naimed at intimidation.\n\n\nAnother problem for the various religious communities is the migration status of religious leaders. Thus, in\nthe chapel of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Simferopol ( **Roman Catholic Church** ) the abbot\nfor 4 months has not been able to enter the territory of Crimea, as he is a citizen of Poland. He is substituted\nby father Valentin, a citizen of Ukraine, who under the applicable Russian legislation is considered a foreigner\nin Crimea and is forced to leave Crimea every 90 days. The three sisters of the Catholic monastery in\nSimferopol, citizens of Poland and Ukraine, were denied an extension of the residence permit, despite the\nfact that they have worked in this monastery for 18 years.\n\n\nThe problems with the migration status led to the fact that many spiritual servants cannot stay in the\nterritory of Crimea, or cannot stay there permanently, which significantly limits the religious and ceremonial\nworships and leads to a violation of the freedom of religion.\n\n\nThe local authorities apply restrictive measures to the exercise of the freedom of assembly. Thus, on January\n19, in Simferopol, at the entrance to an Orthodox church the police installed the metal detecting fence. The\nentry to the temple was allowed only after passing such a fence (Annex 4).\n\nThe head of the Committee for International Relations and Deported Citizens Zaur Smirnov said that in\nCrimea a Center of information and social technology and the development of inter-ethnic communication\nshall be established. The objective of this center will be to monitor the status of inter-ethnic and interfaith\nrelations in Crimea, leading to an additional supervision and control of religious communities and exercise of\nthe freedom of conscience and religion.\n\n\nFREEDOM OF MOVEMENT\n\n\nThe Russian border guards are continuing to violate the freedom of movement, namely, restrict or prohibit\nthe entry into or exit from Crimea.\n\n\nIn the evening of January 19, at the entrance to Crimea, at the Armyansk checkpoint, a member of the Mejlis\nof the Crimean Tatar People, the delegate of Kurultai **Emina Avamileva** was not allowed by the Russian\nborder guards to enter the territory of Crimea for two hours. Without legal grounds or justification Avamileva\nwas arrested by the Border Service of Russia, underwent personal search, her passport, phone and flash\ndrive were temporarily seized, she was interviewed and her car was inspected twice. After that, without any\nexplanation, her belongings were returned and the entry allowed.\n\nOn January 23, at about four o\u201fclock in the morning, at the border crossing point Armyansk, the Russian\nborder guards arrested three focal points of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of the Crimean\nTatar people - **Eskender Bariev**, **Sinaver Kadyrov** and **Akmedzhit Suleimanov** . The activists reported\nthat the keys were taken away from them and they were kept in a closed car until the FSS officer arrived.\nThe border guards refused to explain the reasons for the arrest and show the documents validating the\narrest.\n\n\n7 hours later, Bariev and Suleimanov were released, and Kadyrov was sent to the Armyansk city court. The\nArmyansk city court adopted a decision on the indefinite deportation of Sinaver Kadyrov in connection with\nthe violation of migration law in terms of stay of foreign citizens (Annex 5). Kadyrov claims that he had\npreviously crossed the border in November and did not exceed the 90-day period of stay according to\nRussian legislation, which means the impossibility of applying expulsion to him. The court decision is contrary\nto the Law of the Russian Federation On admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and\ncreation of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation \u2013 the Republic of Crimea and federal city\nSevastopol, according to which the residents of Crimea are automatically recognized as Russian citizens. The\ncourt decision on Kadyrov indicates a selective application of the provisions of the Russian legislation. The\napplication of perpetual deportation to the resident of Crimea Kadyrov violates the freedom of movement\n(deprivation of opportunity to enter the own country, place of permanent residence) and free choice of\nresidence, as he is unable to enter Crimea, where he permanently resided before.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Ukrainian authorities\u201f decision to terminate the train and bus transportation to and from Crimea and\nSevastopol remains in effect. This decision led to a sharp increase in private and unlawful transportation of\npassengers, which creates additional risk to the life and health of passengers, and significantly increases the\ncost of transportation.\n\n\nSome Ukrainian citizens travelling in their own vehicles from Crimea to the mainland Ukraine were denied the\nentry. The Ukrainian border guards do not provide the written refusals with motivated substantiation of such\ndecisions. The citizens are provided with verbal explanation that vehicles (with more than 8 seats) cannot\nenter/exit Crimea. The information on the title, date of issue or the number of the document establishing\nsuch a ban is not provided.\n\n\nAt the same time, on December 26, 2014, the media reported that under the decision of the National\nSecurity and Defense Council of Ukraine the transportation of passengers and cargo between the mainland\nUkraine and the Crimean peninsula shall be terminated. The regulation establishing such a ban is not publicly\navailable at the moment. Also, there is no document on the ban on the entry and exit from the territory of\nCrimea of vehicles with a certain number of seats. The failure of Ukrainian border guards to provide a written\ndecision to ban the entry and exit from the territory of the Crimean peninsula prevents the citizens of Ukraine\nfrom the exercise of the right to appeal against the actions of public authorities taking such decisions.\n\n\nThe State Administration of Railway Transport of Ukraine refused to explain the reasons for the termination\nof railway communication with Crimea. The management believes that the order to terminate the railway\ncommunication with Crimea is an internal document and contains \u201cclassified\u201d information. The State\nAdministration of Railway Transport of Ukraine states that it was acting within its powers and given the\nstabilization of the situation, the restrictions on transportation shall be lifted (Annex 6).\n\n\nRIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL AND EFFICIENT MEANS OF LEGAL PROTECTION\n\n\nThe Advisor to the Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people, social activist, a well-known\nrepresentative of the Crimean Tatar diaspora **Ismet Yuksel** filed a petition to the Russian court on the\nrecourse against the decision of a public authority to ban the entry into the territory of the Russian\nFederation.\n\nIt is to be recalled that on August 10, 2014, at about 6:30 am, at the entrance to the territory of the Crimean\npeninsula through the border checkpoint Armyansk, the official of the Border Service of the Russian\nFederation told Ismet Yuksel in Russian that the FSS of Russia forbade him to enter the territory of the\nRussian Federation for the period of 5 years, until June 30, 2019.\n\n\nAt the end of December 2014, I. Yuksel through his representative lawyer, on the basis of the power of\nattorney appealed to the Kiev District Court of Simferopol with an application for invalidation and reverse of\nthe decision of the Federal Security Service of Russia of July 17, 2014 on the prohibition of entry into the\nterritory of the Russian Federation.\n\nOn January 12, the judge of the Kiev District Court of Simferopol Didenko D.A. adopted a decision to return\nthe application to the applicant pursuant to Article 135 Code of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian\nFederation. The judge reasoned the decision by the fact that the court had no information on the delegation\nto the lawyer acting on behalf of I. Yuksel of authority to represent his interests in the courts of the Russian\nFederation (Annex 7). However, according to the text of the power of attorney the lawyer was authorized to\nhandle the matters and represent the interests of I. Yuksel \u201cin the courts of any level\u201d ... \u201cwith all the\nnecessary powers for this purpose, which are given by law to the complainant\u201d. The power of attorney was\nissued in the territory of Ukraine in the manner and form prescribed by law. I. Yuksel has no opportunity to\nget the power of attorney in Crimea in connection with the prohibition of entry to the peninsula.\n\nOn January 26, the Meshchansky District Court of Moscow, composed of the presiding judge Afanasieva I.I.,\nin the presence of the secretary Morozova V.S., considered in the open court the civil case #2-1713/2015 on\nthe application of I. Yuksel for the appeal against the decision of the Russian FSS prohibition of entry into the\nterritory of the Russian Federation, took into account the petition of the representative of the FSS of Russia\nPotapov S.E. to refer the case for consideration to the Moscow City Court, since during the hearing of the\ngiven case, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation shall provide the documents containing\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "state secrets, including those related to the prohibition of entry of a foreign citizen to the Russian Federation,\nand decided to refer a civil case #2-1713/2015 on the application of I.Yuksel to the competent jurisdiction of\nthe Moscow City Court. Thus, currently, both complaints of Yuksel have not been considered.\n\nIsmet Yuksel is now forced to live outside of Crimea, in isolation from his family, public relations, permanent\nresidence and permanent job.\n\n\nKOLCHENKO'S LAWSUIT ON THE RECOGNITION OF THE RIGHT TO CITIZENSHIP OF UKRAINE\nIt is to be recalled, that activist **Alexander Kolchenko** was arrested in Simferopol on May 16, 2014 and\nconvoyed to Moscow to Lefortovo jail. The FSS investigators accused him and three other residents of Crimea\nin organizing and participating in the terrorist association, preparation of a terrorist attack and arms\ntrafficking. In October, the term of Kolchenko\u201fs detention was extended until January 16, 2015. Despite the\nfact that Kolchenko considers himself a citizen of Ukraine, the investigation continues to insist on his Russian\ncitizenship.\n\nOn January 28, the court hearing was held in Simferopol on the case of Alexander Kolchenko\u201fs retention of\nthe Ukrainian citizenship. The Federal Migration Service (FMS) insists that all the residents of Crimea that did\nnot apply for the retention of the Ukrainian citizenship have lost it. The court decided to reject the Alexander\nKolchenko\u201fs retention of the Ukrainian citizenship. Kolchenko\u201fs lawyer Svetlana Sidorkina intends to submit an\nappeal.\n\nSvetlana Sidorkina explained her point of view to the CFM.\n\n\nIn May 2014, A.Kolchenko was detained in connection with a criminal case opened against him and other\nindividuals. The only document certifying his identity at the time and now is a passport of the citizen of\nUkraine, thus Kolchenko continues to consider himself a citizen of Ukraine. According to the provisions of Part\n1 of Article 3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Part 1 of Article 17, Article 18 of the Russian\nConstitution, Article 27 of the Vienna Convention On the Law of Treaties, Kolchenko, as a citizen of Ukraine,\nin addition to any other rights, also has a right to see in detention any authorized representative of the\nUkrainian Embassy in Russia, thus he submitted an appropriate application for meeting with any authorized\nrepresentative of the Ukrainian Embassy in Russia. With reference to the request submitted by the law\nenforcement agencies regarding the Kolchenko\u201fs citizenship to the FMS of Russia in the Republic of Crimea,\nhe was denied a meeting with the representatives of the Embassy of Ukraine. The reasoning of the Federal\nMigration Service of Russia in the Republic of Crimea stated that Kolchenko, in violation of Article 5 of the\nTreaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on the admission to the Russian\nFederation of the Republic of Crimea and creation of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation of\n18.03.2014, did not express his will during one month on retaining the citizenship of Ukraine. This fact was\nthe reason for the appeal to the court.\n\n\nKolchenko did not actually apply for retaining the citizenship of Ukraine, because, like many of his peers, he\ndid not understand the need to apply for the retention of the citizenship of Ukraine, because he believed that\nhis Ukrainian passport constitutes sufficient grounds for the recognition of his citizenship. Also, there were\nonly three offices for application in order to retain the citizenship of Ukraine - in Simferopol, Bakhchisaray\nand Belogorsk. The deadline for submission of documents was very short, only one month. The Prime\nMinister of Crimea Sergei Aksenov promised to extend this deadline, but did not fulfill his promise. According\nto Kolchenko, he did not submit an application for obtaining the Russian citizenship.\n\n\nIn court, the Federal Migration Service of Russia in the Republic of Crimea did not admit the claim relying on\nArticle 5 of the Treaty of 18.03.2014, and the fact that the Kolchenko allegedly applied for the citizenship of\nthe Russian Federation, but did not receive the passport of the Russian Federation, as he was in detention.\nAfter a conversation with the lawyer Kolchenko said that he did not acknowledge the fact of their\napplication.\n\n\nOTHER CITIZENS OF UKRAINE DETAINED IN LEFORTOVO\nThe CFM previously reported the forced disappearance of **Valentin Vygivsky** on September 18, 2014 at the\nrailway station in Simferopol with the participation of the \u201eCrimean self-defense\u201f, who was later found by his\nrelatives in the Russian FSS detention facility Lefortovo in Moscow. Another citizen of Ukraine **Yuriy**\n**Soloschenko** is also detained there.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The FSS detention facility Lefortovo was visited by the members of the Russian Public Oversight Commission\nfor observation of human rights in places of detention. One of them, a human rights activist and journalist\nZoya Svetova, told about the cases against the citizens of Ukraine and the conditions of their detention in\nLefortovo. Svetova reported that Yuri Soloshenko (72 years of age) has a severe mental condition, coronary\nheart disease, blood pressure problems and it is very difficult for him to be in prison. The lawyer visits him\nrarely, because most likely he was provide by the Investigative Department of the FSS, which pursues the\ncase of the former director general of the defense plant Znamya from Poltava. Yuri told the representatives\nof the Commission that he was not guilty, and he was accused of spying. He submitted a clemency\napplication to the President of Russia, although he had not yet been convicted and his guilt has not been\nproven.\n\nThe second detainee Valentin Vygivsky (30-32 years of age) is highly intimidated. It is known that he was\naccused under Article 183 of the Criminal Code of Russia - illegal banking activities or economic crime.\nHowever, the relatives reported that his case will be allegedly re-classified for espionage. He was arrested in\nCrimea.\n\n\nIn both cases, neither Soloshenko nor Vygivsky are allowed to meet with a Ukrainian consul, who has\nrepeatedly appealed to the FSS to be allowed to meet with the detained. In addition, the lawyers who are\nworking with them, according to Svetova, are likely to support the interests of the investigation, because\nthey predispose them to cooperate with the investigation, admit their guilt.\n\n\nIn this regard, the attention should be drawn to the fact that even the recognition of the Ukrainian\ncitizenship of Kolchenko and Sentsov does not guarantee them the opportunity to communicate with the\nconsul of Ukraine. In cases of Vygivsky and Soloshenko the investigating authorities do not dispute their\ncitizenship and recognize them as citizens of Ukraine, but, nevertheless, they are deprived of the opportunity\nto communicate with the Consul of Ukraine, which significantly limits the right of the accused to a fair trial\nand effective means of legal protection.\n\n\nCOURT PROCEEDINGS\n\n\nIn accordance with Article 9 N 6-FCL of March 21, 2014 the administration of justice in the Crimean peninsula\nin the transition period shall be performed by the judges appointed earlier in accordance with the laws of\nUkraine that worked in the Ukrainian courts at the time of the adoption of the law. Their status was defined\nby the law as \u201ccitizens holding the positions of judges\u201d. The condition of admission to the administration of\njustice was the reception of the citizenship of the Russian Federation, the transfer of the original passport,\ncertifying the citizenship of Ukraine to the Russian authorities and submission to the Russian authorities of\nthe application for renunciation of the citizenship of Ukraine.\n\n\nThe term of administration of justice by the \u201ccitizens holding the positions of judges\u201d was defined prior to the\nestablishment of the courts of the Russian Federation in the relevant areas. The period, during which the\njustice was in the territory of Crimea was administered by the \u201cjudges\u201d in the above status, lasted from April\n1, 2014 to December 26, 2014. In fact, taking into account the reporting periods in courts, the established\nfederal courts and a number of designated federal judges began to work since the New Year.\n\n\nOn December 19, the President of the Russian Federation signed a Decree #786 On the appointment of\nfederal judges, which for a period of 6 years appointed the Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Court of the\nRepublic of Crimea and Sevastopol city court, the chairmen of 4 district courts, the deputy heads of 18\ndistrict courts and 2 garrison military courts, several hundred Crimean judges.\n\nAlthough the law guaranteed a preferential right to \u201ccitizens holding the positions of judges\u201d to be appointed\nas judges of the courts of the Russian Federation established in these areas, the process of formation of the\nfederal courts did not envisage any guarantees. Based on the analysis of the composition of courts as of\nMarch 18 and after the adoption of the Decree #786, not all the judges holding the positions before March\n18, 2014 and having completed the competitive selection, were appointed as judges in Crimea.\n\nAccording to the interview with N. Timoshin, chairman of SCC of the Russian Federation, in Crimea and\nSevastopol it is planned to appoint 462 judges. Based on the results of the first stage of selection of judges\nthe vacancies are filled by 70%, the \u201cholding the positions of judges\u201d during the transition period constitute\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "slightly more than a half (~56%). In the interview, N. Timoshin also said that \u201ca lot of attention was paid to\nthe analysis of professional relationships and constant, primarily kindred relationships with other people in\norder to identify the potential conflict of interests\u2026\u201d.\n\nThese actions of the Russian authorities lead to a complete undermining of judicial independence in the\npeninsula. In particular, the authority of the judges appointed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, was\nsuddenly terminated, and their status became undefined. The expectations of the possible appointment as\njudges and the non-transparent procedures pushed the applicants to demonstrate the maximum loyalty to\nthe Russian authorities. Furthermore, the actual administration of justice, based on mixed jurisdictions,\ndeprive the court the constituent elements of a \u201ccourt established by law\u201d.\n\n\nOn January 26, 2015, for the review of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea a draft Resolution On the\nlegislative initiative of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea on submission to the State Duma of the\nFederal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the draft federal law On Amendments to Article 1 of the\nFederal Law On the total number of magistrates and the number of judicial districts in the entities of the\nRussian Federation was submitted. According to the draft Federal Law, in the Republic of Crimea it is\nplanned to establish 126 judicial districts and magistrates. It can be assumed that the criteria for the\nselection of judges mentioned earlier by the chairman of SCC of the Russian Federation, will also apply to\npersons willing be appointed as magistrates.\n\n\nISSUES RELATED TO CITIZENSHIP\n\n\nAfter the end of the so-called transition period the position of the following population groups, considered\nvulnerable according to the CFM, remains difficult:\n\n\n1) Ukrainian citizens who permanently resided in Crimea, did not apply for retention of the citizenship of\nUkraine and did not apply for the citizenship of the Russian Federation. The FMS in some cases considers\nthem the \u201cautomatic citizens\u201d of the Russian Federation, and in other cases \u2013 the foreigners to which the\nrelevant norms of the Russian legislation apply;\n\n2) citizens of other countries who have lived in Crimea as of March 2014, which did not have a simplified\nprocedure for obtaining a residence permit or a temporary residence permit in the territory of Crimea;\n\n3) people who had lived in Crimea for a long time but do not have the registration, which failed to prove\ntheir residence in the territory of Crimea in court.\n\n\nThe Federal Migration Service in Crimea and the judiciary selectively apply, in respect of these groups of\npeople, the provisions of the Russian legislation concerning the violations of the stay of foreign citizens in the\nterritory of Crimea. The violation of stay may entail an administrative punishment of a fine amounting up to\n5000 rubles (which is a substantial sum of money for the majority of the inhabitants of the peninsula) or the\nexpulsion from the territory of Crimea.\n\n\nThe families where some family members have a Russian passport and the other, due to various reasons, do\nnot have it and have not been able to register with FMS, find themselves in a difficult situation. They also\nface the threat of being expelled from the territory of Crimea.\n\nThe certain problems are faced by the citizens of Ukraine, which in April managed to submit an application\nrenouncing the Russian citizenship. Because of the huge flow of people addressing the FMS on migration\nregistration, not all of these people were able to get the migration registration and obtain a residence permit\nor a temporary permit for stay in Crimea. In January 2015, the Federal Migration Service began to transfer\nthe lists of \u201cthose that renounced\u201d to the police departments, which in turn use them as a basis for\nsummoning the people to the law enforcement agencies.\n\n\nA special emphasis should be put on the \u201cKolchenko\u201fs case\u201d in terms of citizenship, as it indicates the\ncompulsory nature of the \u201cautomatic citizenship\u201d of the Russian Federation, which does not depend on the\nwill of the person. The court rejected to retain Kolchenko\u201fs Ukrainian citizenship, despite the fact that\nKolchenko, while in detention in Moscow, could not apply for Russian citizenship and get a Russian passport.\nKolchenko confirmed that he took no action to obtain the Russian citizenship. The only document that\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "certified his identity at the time of arrest and to date is the passport of the citizen of Ukraine; Kolchenko\nconsiders himself a citizen of Ukraine and Ukraine recognizes the Kolchenko\u201fs Ukrainian citizenship.\n\n\nThe court decided to reject the retention of Alexander Kolchenko\u201fs Ukrainian citizenship. The court decision\non the rejection to retain the Ukrainian citizenship is contrary to the international instruments, the legislation\nof the Russian Federation and the legislation of Ukraine. Thus, Kolchenko is deprived of the right to\ncitizenship despite the fact that no one can be arbitrarily deprived of citizenship. In addition, the court\ndecision violates Article 16 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that establishes that\nevery person, wherever he may be, has the right to recognition of legal personality. Thus, Kolchenko\u201fs legal\npersonality is based on his citizenship of Ukraine and his legal relationship as a citizen of Ukraine is retained\noutside Ukraine. In this case, the court, deciding in the name of the Russian Federation, has unreasonably\nrefused to recognize the legal personality of Alexander Kolchenko.\n\nThe Russian Federation has exceeded its powers in the sphere of deprivation or termination of the\ncitizenship of a foreign state. Thus, amendments have been introduced to the federal law #6-FCL [3] On\nadmission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and creation of new constituent entities of the\nRussian Federation \u2013 the Republic of Crimea and federal city Sevastopol allowing the Russian Federation to\nrecognize foreign nationals as those who do not have foreign citizenship.\n\nAccording to the amendments, the residents of Crimea that were recognized as citizens of the Russian\nFederation and received a document certifying the identity of the citizen of the Russian Federation shall\nbe recognized in the territory of the Russian Federation as citizens without a foreign citizenship in the\ncase of their application on the unwillingness to be the citizens of a foreign state. The application on the\nunwillingness to have a foreign citizenship should be submitted to the FMS of Russia.\n\nHowever, the decision on the termination of citizenship of a particular state shall be considered only by\nthe competent authorities of the foreign state, which granted citizenship to a particular individual. For\nexample, the decision on the termination of the citizenship of Ukraine shall be made by the appropriate\nauthorities of Ukraine. Thus, Russia\u201fs recognition of the absence of Crimean residents\u201f foreign\ncitizenship does not imply such recognition by other states.\n\nSince A.Kolchenko is conferred with a citizenship of the Russian Federation against his will, it is also a\nviolation of the right to privacy.\n\nIn addition, the Kolchenko\u201fs case and expulsion of Kadyrov indicate a different interpretation and\napplication of the provisions of the Russian legislation on citizenship. Both Kadyrov and Kolchenko, at\nthe time of entry into force of the law #6 On admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian\nFederation and creation of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation \u2013 the Republic of Crimea and\nfederal city Sevastopol resided in Crimea, were registered in Crimea and did not take action to obtain\nRussian citizenship. However, in respect of Kolchenko the provisions of law are applied as compulsory\ncitizenship and in respect of Kadyrov \u2013 as his recognition as a foreigner followed by the expulsion. Both\ncases are political in nature, and the unequal application of the Russian legislation evidences the use of\nlegal mechanisms to put pressure on the activists.\n\n\n**2.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS**\n\n\nPROPERTY RIGHTS\n\n\nThe local authorities continue to nationalize not only the state property of Ukraine, but also the\ncommercial collective and private property.\n\nThus, on January 21, the State Council of Crimea adopted a decision to nationalize the public joint stock\ncompany **DTEK Krymenergo**, which is a supplier of electricity. A significant amount of shares of this\ncompany belongs to a major Ukrainian businessman Rinat Akhmetov.\n\n\n3 http://www.pravo.gov.ru/laws/acts/1/495745106010501047.html\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "On January 21, the Council of Ministers of Crimea adopted a Resolution #14 [4] On the reacquisition of the\nproperty of the private joint-stock company **Yugrybholod** in Kerch. The Resolution establishes the\nappointment of an interim administration to manage this association, and control of the implementation\nis the responsibility of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Crimea Yanaki N.L.\n\nIn Sevastopol, the employees of the **Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas** and the **Marine**\n**Hydrophysical Institute** reported that these institutions are being forced to become the branches of\nthe Sochi Institute of Natural and Technical Systems. The employees are forced to write letters of\nresignation. The employees are confident that the institute established in Sochi is a fictitious structure,\nits purpose is to capture the facilities and equipment of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas\nand the Marine Hydrophysical Institute.\n\nThe actions of the local and Russian authorities lead to violations of rights to the inviolability of home.\nThus, the CFM found out that in November 2014, the representatives of Crimean authorities and the\nMinistry of Defense of the Russian Federation illegally seized two service apartments in Simferopol and\ntwo apartments in Sevastopol, owned by the **Ukrainian Navy officers**, who were forced to leave the\nterritory of Crimea in March 2014. The locks in the apartments were broken, the doors were opened\nand sealed. After that the Russian officers were accommodated in the apartments. The representatives\nof the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, through the neighbors, told the Ukrainian officers\nto take all their belongings from the apartments before December 1, 2014. They substantiated their\nactions and decisions by the fact that the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to\naccommodate the Russian military in the apartments owned by the Ukrainian officers. In addition to\nthese cases, the requirements of eviction from the owned apartments were announced to several other\nsoldiers of the Ukrainian army. Such actions of the Russian authorities are incompatible with the\nprohibition of unreasonable and arbitrary encroachment on the inviolability of home, which obliges the\nauthorities not only to prevent the violation of the inviolability of home, but also to take active steps to\nprotect these rights.\n\n\nACCESS TO HEALTHCARE\n\n\nAfter the end of the so-called transition period, the CPM has repeatedly received complaints from the\nresidents of Crimea, who were denied the free basic health services due to their lack of Russian\npassport and insurance policy of the Russian Federation.\n\nThe residents of Eastern Ukraine, which due to the armed conflict have left their homes and came to\nCrimea, face problems related to the inpatient care in the health facilities in Crimea. Thus, in Kerch, a\nchild was denied admission of tests and specific services in the clinic due to the lack of insurance. The\nchild\u201fs mother - a resident of Kramatorsk (Eastern Ukraine) is a citizen of Ukraine and is unable to get\nsuch insurance.\n\nIn Kerch, for a few months the insulin was not provided to parents of children with diabetes. The\nparents reported that in Kerch they last received insulin in October 2014. The hospital staff explained\nthat insulin should only be provided in the state pharmacies Krym-Pharmacy and there are no such\npharmacies in Kerch. This situation leads to a serious threat to the life and health of children suffering\nfrom diabetes.\n\n\n**III. PROBLEMS OF THE RESIDENTS OF CRIMEA WHO HAD TO EXCAPE FROM THE**\n**PENINSULA AND MOVE TO CONTINENTAL UKRAINE (INTERNALLY DISPLACED**\n**PERSONS)**\n\n\nGENERAL SITUATION\n\n\n4 http://rk.gov.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_238483.pdf\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The previously identified systemic problems faced by the internally displaced persons from Crimea in\nUkraine have not been resolved.\n\n1. The discriminatory practices of application of the status of \u201enon-resident\u201f to all persons who have a\nregistered place of residence in Crimea. The basis of such discrimination in obtaining the banking\nservices is formed by the two Resolutions of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), which were upheld by\nthe court.\n\n2. After the cessation of transport communication with Crimea, namely, the transportation of\npassengers, the possibility of travel to Crimea significantly complicated. Until now, the Ukrainian\nauthorities have not arranged a system of public transportation to the main crossing points at the\nadministrative border with Crimea - Armyansk and Chongar. The transportation of passengers is carried\nout by nonscheduled carriers whose activity is no longer regulated by the Ukrainian legislation. Thus,\nthe transportation is illegal, there is no guarantee of safety of the passengers, and the prices are\nunreasonably high.\n\nThe lack of transportation has significantly disrupted the social, economic and cultural relations with\nCrimea, especially with regard to the right to private and family life, as for many residents of Crimea the\nregular visits of relatives and friends have become impossible due to the cost and complexity of the\ntravel (several interchanges, nonscheduled transport, crossing the border on foot).\n\n3. There is a problem with certain types of documents of Crimeans, which are to be used in the\nmainland Ukraine. The acts of civil status (certificates of birth, death, marriage), issued in Crimea, are\nnot recognized by the Ukrainian authorities and do not constitute the grounds for issuance of the similar\nUkrainian documents.\n\nAnother set of problems is related to the pension matters of Crimeans relocating to mainland Ukraine.\nSuch citizens are required to provide pension files from Crimea and certificates stating that they do not\nreceive pensions in the Russian Federation. However, usually the Crimean authorities refuse to issue\nsuch documents.\n\nThe resolution of these problems requires the introduction of changes to the current legislation of\nUkraine; currently the working groups of civil society experts have been established and are involved in\nthe preparation of such changes seeking cooperation with the MPs of Ukraine in addressing these\nproblems.\n\nThe review was prepared by:\n\n**Olga Skrypnik,** Deputy Head of the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights;\n\n**Vissarion Aseev**, analyst of the Center of Civic Education Almenda;\n\n**Victoria Gromova**, representative of the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights in Moscow;\n\n**Alexandra Krylenkova**, field coordinator of the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights;\n\n**Dmitry Makarov,** Deputy Head of the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights, Youth Human Rights\nMovement;\n\n**Dariia Sviridova,** lawyer, Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union;\n\n**Tetiana Pechonchyk,** Chairman of the Board of the Human Rights Information Centre.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f**\n\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 1\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0424\u0421\u0411\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 ATR\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 3\n\n\n\u041c\u0418\u041d\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0421\u0412\u042f\u0417\u0418\n\n\n\u0418 \u041c\u0410\u0421\u0421\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0425 \u041a\u041e\u041c\u041c\u0423\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0419\n\n\n\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 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\u0412\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u00abQHA\u00bb\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 4\n\n\n\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0421. \u041a\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 6\n\n\n\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043c\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 7\n\n\n\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0433. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0418. \u042e\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c5ee58f9-2fcc-3e9d-b2fd-447ff06f6553/Crimea_Field_Mission_Report_January_2015_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_308/raw/doc_308_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_308/raw/doc_308_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 581c798af44c09f903967d3879078a7b4c271416..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_308/raw/doc_308_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0406\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0406\u042f**\n\n## **\u041f\u0420\u041e \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0406 \u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0406\u0412 \u0417 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0418 \u0412 \u0420\u0410\u041c\u041a\u0410\u0425** **\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u0418 \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u041a\u0418 \u0421\u0406\u041c'\u0407** **(\u0427\u0415\u0420\u0412\u0415\u041d\u042c 2024)**\n\n\u0412 \u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0429\u0418\u041d\u0406 \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u0410 \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u041a\u0418 \u0421\u0406\u041c'\u0407 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0404 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[1]\n\n\n\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0406 \u0417 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0421\u042c\u041a\u0418\u041c \u0413\u0420\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0414\u042f\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u041c \u0422\u0410 \u0417 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0412\u0406\u0419\u041d\u0418\u041c\n\n\u0413\u0420\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0414\u042f\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u041c, \u042f\u041a\u0406 \u0429\u0415 \u041d\u0415 \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041c\u0406\u0421\u0426\u042f \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412\n\n\u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0429\u0418\u041d\u0406, \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e \u041b\u0418\u0428\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 \u0423 \u0417\u0412\u2019\u042f\u0417\u041a\u0423 \u0417 \u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042e \u0422\u0410\n\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0410\u041c\u0418.\n\n\n\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0415\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u042f\u0412\u0423 \u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0407 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0423 \u0412\n\n\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f\u041d\u0418\u0425 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0414\u0406\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\u0425:\n\n\n- \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0414\u0406\u041b \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u041a\u0418 \u0421\u0406\u041c'\u0407 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0423\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041b\u0406\u041d\u041d\u042f, \u0410\u0411\u041e\n\n- \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0414\u0406\u041b \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u041a\u0418 \u0421\u0406\u041c'\u0407 \u0422\u0410 \u041c\u0415\u0414\u0418\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0425\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e\n\n\u041a\u0410\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0429\u0418\u041d\u0418\n\n\n1\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0438,\n\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0456\u0439\n\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0456 [\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d.](https://help.unhcr.org/hungary/hu/asylum/support-and-services/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00243d41-cc4f-5f8c-992f-bf628deb48af/Csaladtamogatas_UKR_final-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u0423 \u0417\u0412\u2019\u042f\u0417\u041a\u0423 \u0417 \u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042e \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0410\u041c\u0418**\n\n\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 [\u041f\u041e](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/gyermekvallalas-tamogatasa/anyasagi-tamogatas) \u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0423\u0422\u042c \u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0406, \u042f\u041a\u0406 \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c\n\n\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0412\u0406\u0419\u041d\u0415 \u0410\u0411\u041e \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0421\u042c\u041a\u0415 \u0413\u0420\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0414\u042f\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e. \u0423\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041e\u042e \u0404 \u0422\u0415, \u0429\u041e \u0416\u0406\u041d\u041a\u0410 \u041f\u0406\u0414 \u0427\u0410\u0421\n\n\u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406 \u041c\u0406\u041d\u0406\u041c\u0423\u041c 4 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0428\u041b\u0410 \u041c\u0415\u0414\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414, \u041f\u0420\u041e \u0429\u041e \u041c\u0415\u0414\u0421\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\n\n\u0410\u0411\u041e \u041b\u0406\u041a\u0410\u0420-\u0410\u041a\u0423\u0428\u0415\u0420 \u0412\u0418\u0414\u0410\u041b\u0418 \u0407\u0419 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041d\u0423 \u0414\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041a\u0423. \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0415 \u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\n\n\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418, \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041e\u041f\u0406\u041a\u0423\u041d \u0422\u0410 \u0420\u0406\u0414\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u041e. \u0429\u0415 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u0406\u0404\u042e \u0423\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041e\u042e \u0414\u041b\u042f \u041e\u0421\u0406\u0411 \u0417\n\n\u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0421\u042c\u041a\u041e\u042e \u0420\u0415\u0404\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0419\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0410\u0414\u0420\u0415\u0421\u041d\u041e\u042e \u041a\u0410\u0420\u0422\u041a\u041e\u042e \u0404 \u0422\u0415, \u0429\u041e \u0417\u0410\u042f\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a \u041e\u0424\u0406\u0426\u0406\u0419\u041d\u041e\n\n\u041c\u0410\u0404 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0412 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0414\u041e\u041c\u0406 \u0417 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e, \u0422\u041e\u0411\u0422\u041e \u0410\u0414\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0410 \u0412 \u0420\u0415\u0404\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0419\u041d\u0418\u0425\n\n\u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u0425 \u0417\u0410\u042f\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410 \u0422\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u041c\u0410\u0404 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u0412\u041f\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0418. \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406\n\n\u041f\u0420\u0418\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0410\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f \u0423 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0406 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0417\u0410\u042f\u0412\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0422\u042f\u0413\u041e\u041c 6 \u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0426\u0406\u0412 \u041f\u0406\u0421\u041b\u042f \u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\n\n\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418, \u0429\u041e \u0404 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0420\u0410\u0417\u041e\u0412\u041e\u042e \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u041e\u042e \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u041e\u042e, \u0420\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0406\u0420 \u042f\u041a\u041e\u0407\n\n\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u042c 225% \u0412\u0406\u0414 \u0421\u041e\u0426\u0406\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0407 \u0411\u0410\u0417\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0407 \u0421\u0423\u041c\u0418, \u0414\u0406\u042e\u0427\u041e\u0407 \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\n\n\u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 (\u0423 2023 \u0420\u041e\u0426\u0406 \u0426\u0415 64 125 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u0406\u041d\u0422\u0406\u0412).\n\n## **\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e - \u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410** **\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e**\n\n\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0423 - \u0426\u0415 \u0429\u041e\u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410, \u042f\u041a\u0410\n\n\u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0427\u0423\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f \u041d\u0410 \u0406\u041d\u0414\u0418\u0412\u0406\u0414\u0423\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0406\u0419 \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0406 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0421\u042f\u0413\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e\n\n3-\u0420\u0406\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0412\u0406\u041a\u0423. \u0423\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041e\u042e \u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u0404 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0412\u0406\u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041c\u0410\u0422\u0406\u0420\u2019\u042e\n\n\u0416\u0406\u041d\u041e\u0427\u041e\u0407 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0421\u0423\u041b\u042c\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0407 \u0429\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0419\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0428\u0415 4 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0418 \u041f\u0406\u0414 \u0427\u0410\u0421 \u0412\u0410\u0413\u0406\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406. \u041d\u0410 [\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/gyermekgondozast-segito-ellatas)\n\n[\u0422\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0416](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/gyermekgondozast-segito-ellatas) \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0423\u0422\u042c \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0422\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418, \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041e\u041f\u0406\u041a\u0423\u041d \u0406 \u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u041e \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418, \u0417\u0410\n\n\u0423\u041c\u041e\u0412\u0418, \u0429\u041e \u0412\u041e\u041d\u0418 \u041e\u0424\u0406\u0426\u0406\u0419\u041d\u041e \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0412\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u0412 \u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0414\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u041e\u0421\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0420\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0406.\n\n\u0417\u0410\u042f\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a \u041d\u0415 \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0415 \u0417\u0410\u0419\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0421\u042f \u041e\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0427\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0414\u0406\u042f\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042e \u0410\u0411\u041e \u0412\u041b\u0410\u0428\u0422\u041e\u0412\u0423\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0418\n\n\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0423 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u0418\u0422\u042f\u0427\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414\u0423 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0421\u042f\u0413\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0428\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0427\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e\n\n\u0412\u0406\u041a\u0423. \u041e\u041f\u0406\u041a\u0423\u041d \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u041d\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0412\u041d\u041e\u041b\u0406\u0422\u041d\u042c\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417 \u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u0410/\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0415 \u0417\u0410\u0419\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0421\u042f\n\n\u041e\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0427\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0414\u0406\u042f\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042e \u0411\u0415\u0417 \u041e\u0411\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0427\u0410\u0421\u0406 \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0422\u041e\u041a \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418.\n\n\u0420\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0406\u0420 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u042c 28 500 \u0411\u0420\u0423\u0422\u0422\u041e-\u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0425 \u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0418\u0426\u042c \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0426\u042c\n\n\u041d\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0423, \u0429\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0420\u0406\u0412\u041d\u042e\u0404 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0406\u0420\u0423 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0422\u041a\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041c\u0406\u041d\u0406\u041c\u0423\u041c\u0423 \u0414\u041b\u042f\n\n\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u041d\u0418\u0425 \u041e\u0421\u0406\u0411 (\u0423 2024 \u0420.).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00243d41-cc4f-5f8c-992f-bf628deb48af/Csaladtamogatas_UKR_final-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e (GYET)**\n\n\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 \u041f\u041e [\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/gyermeknevelesi-tamogatas) \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u0418 \u0422\u0410 \u041e\u041f\u0406\u041a\u0423\u041d\u0418 \u0417\n\n\u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0421\u042c\u041a\u0418\u041c \u0413\u0420\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0414\u042f\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u041c \u0422\u0410 \u041c\u0406\u0421\u0426\u0415\u041c \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0429\u0418\u041d\u0406, \u042f\u041a\u0406\n\n\u0412\u0418\u0425\u041e\u0412\u0423\u042e\u0422\u042c \u0422\u0420\u042c\u041e\u0425 \u0406 \u0411\u0406\u041b\u042c\u0428\u0415 \u041d\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0412\u041d\u041e\u041b\u0406\u0422\u041d\u0406\u0425 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\u0417\u0410\u0419\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0421\u042f\n\n\u041e\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0427\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0414\u0406\u042f\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042e \u041d\u0415 \u0411\u0406\u041b\u042c\u0428\u0415 30 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d \u041d\u0410 \u0422\u0418\u0416\u0414\u0415\u041d\u042c. \u0420\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0406\u0420\n\n\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e \u0423 2023 \u0420\u041e\u0426\u0406 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u042c 28 500 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0406\u0412\n\n\u0411\u0420\u0423\u0422\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0426\u042c.\n\n## **\u0421\u0406\u041c\u0415\u0419\u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 - \u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0421\u0412\u0406\u0422\u0423, \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410** **\u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0422\u0410 \u0412\u0418\u0425\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0406\u0422\u0415\u0419 \u0423 \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0418\u0425 \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0425.**\n\n\n\u0421\u0406\u041c\u0415\u0419\u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 - \u0426\u0415 \u0429\u041e\u041c\u0406\u0421\u042f\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0413\u0420\u041e\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410, \u042f\u041a\u0410 \u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0427\u0423\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f\n\n\u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0415\u0413\u0423\u041b\u042f\u0420\u041d\u0406\u0419 \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0406 \u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u0410\u041c, \u041e\u041f\u0406\u041a\u0423\u041d\u0410\u041c \u0410\u0411\u041e 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\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0415\u0421\u0406\u0419\u041d\u041e-\u0422\u0415\u0425\u041d\u0406\u0427\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414.\n\n\u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041f\u0418\u041d\u042f\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f, \u042f\u041a\u0429\u041e \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0410, \u042f\u041a\u0410 \u0417\u041e\u0411\u041e\u0412\u2019\u042f\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0410\n\n\u0412\u0406\u0414\u0412\u0406\u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u042f\u0427\u0418\u0419 \u0421\u0410\u0414\u041e\u041a, \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0423\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041b\u0410 20 \u0414\u041d\u0406\u0412 \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0423 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423\n\n\u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0420\u041e\u0426\u0406 \u0410\u0411\u041e \u042f\u041a\u0429\u041e \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0410, \u042f\u041a\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u0421\u042f\u0413\u041b\u0410 \u041e\u0411\u041e\u0412\u2019\u042f\u0417\u041a\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0413\u041e\n\n\u0428\u041a\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0412\u0406\u041a\u0423, \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0423\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041b\u0410 10 \u0414\u041d\u0406\u0412 \u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0423 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423\n\n\u041d\u0410\u0412\u0427\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0420\u041e\u0426\u0406 \u0411\u0415\u0417 \u0414\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041a\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0421\u0423\u0422\u041d\u0406\u0421\u0422\u042c \u0423 \u0412\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u041f\u041e\u0420\u042f\u0414\u041a\u0423.\n\n\u0420\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0406\u0420 \u0421\u0406\u041c\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0407 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u041b\u0415\u0416\u0418\u0422\u042c \u0412\u0406\u0414 \u041a\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041a\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406 \u0414\u0406\u0422\u0415\u0419, \u0421\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0421\u0423 \u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e\u041a\u0418\u0425\n\n\u0411\u0410\u0422\u042c\u041a\u0406\u0412 \u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u042f\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406 \u0423 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u0414\u041e\u0412\u0413\u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0407 \u0425\u0412\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0411\u0418 \u0410\u0411\u041e \u0406\u041d\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0406.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00243d41-cc4f-5f8c-992f-bf628deb48af/Csaladtamogatas_UKR_final-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u041d\u0415\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041b\u042f\u041c (CSED) \u0406 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e** **\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e (GYED)**\n\n\u0417\u0413\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e \u0417 \u0423\u0420\u042f\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418\u041c \u0420\u041e\u0417\u041f\u041e\u0420\u042f\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\u041c [636/2023.](https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2023-636-20-22) (XII. 23.), \u0413\u0420\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0414\u042f\u041d\u0418 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0418,\n\u042f\u041a\u0406 \u041d\u0415 \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u041c\u0406\u0421\u0426\u042f \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0416\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0429\u0418\u041d\u0406, \u041c\u0410\u042e\u0422\u042c \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 \u041f\u041e\n\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u041d\u0415\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041b\u042f\u041c \u0422\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e, \u042f\u041a\u0429\u041e \u0407\u0425\u041d\u042f\n\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041b\u0410\u0421\u042f \u041f\u0406\u0421\u041b\u042f 31 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u0414\u041d\u042f 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423.\n\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e [\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423](https://csalad.hu/tamogatasok/csecsemogondozasi-dij-csed) \u0417\u0410 \u041d\u0415\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041b\u042f\u041c \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0406\u041e\u0414 \u0414\u0415\u041a\u0420\u0415\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0407\n\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u0423\u0421\u0422\u041a\u0418 (\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0422\u042f\u0413\u041e\u041c 168 \u0414\u041d\u0406\u0412). \u0426\u042f \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0410\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f \u0416\u0406\u041d\u041a\u0410\u041c, \u042f\u041a\u0406\n\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0422\u042f\u0413\u041e\u041c \u0414\u0412\u041e\u0425 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0406\u0412 \u0414\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u0411\u0423\u041b\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0425\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u041c\u0418\n\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0422\u042f\u0413\u041e\u041c \u0429\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0419\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0428\u0415 365 \u0414\u041d\u0406\u0412.\n\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e [\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423](https://csalad.hu/tamogatasok/gyermekgondozasi-dij-ismertebb-neven-gyed) \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e (GYED) \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0404\u0422\u042c\u0421\u042f \u041f\u0406\u0421\u041b\u042f \u0417\u0410\u041a\u0406\u041d\u0427\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\n\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0406\u041e\u0414\u0423 \u0412\u0418\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0418 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414\u0423 \u0417\u0410 \u041d\u0415\u041c\u041e\u0412\u041b\u042f\u041c (\u0414\u0415\u041a\u0420\u0415\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0407 \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u0423\u0421\u0422\u041a\u0418)\n\u0410\u0411\u041e \u041f\u0406\u0421\u041b\u042f \u0412\u0406\u0414\u041f\u041e\u0412\u0406\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0406\u041e\u0414\u0423 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041e\u0421\u042f\u0413\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041d\u041e\u042e 2 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0406\u0412, \u0410 \u0423\n\u0412\u0418\u041f\u0410\u0414\u041a\u0423 \u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0414\u0412\u0406\u0419\u041d\u0406 \u2014 \u0414\u041e 3 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0406\u0412.\n\n## **\u041a\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0421\u041d\u0406 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0418\u041b\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f:**\n\n\n1. [\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 - Magyar \u00c1llamkincst\u00e1r (gov.hu)](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/gyermekvallalas-tamogatasa/anyasagi-tamogatas)\n2. [\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e - GYES - Magyar \u00c1llamkincst\u00e1r (gov.hu)](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/gyermekgondozast-segito-ellatas)\n3. [\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 - GYET - Magyar \u00c1llamkincst\u00e1r (gov.hu)](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/gyermeknevelesi-tamogatas)\n4. [\u0421\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430](https://www.allamkincstar.gov.hu/csaladok-tamogatasa/Csalad_gyermek/csaladi-potlek)\n5. [\u0406\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0456\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0456\u043c'\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439](https://szocialisportal.hu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Menekult-Tajekoztato_osszedolgozott_vegleges_0525.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00243d41-cc4f-5f8c-992f-bf628deb48af/Csaladtamogatas_UKR_final-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_309/raw/doc_309_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_309/raw/doc_309_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1cb017f0215673c81a520f41da6601f0cd2e775d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_309/raw/doc_309_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1327 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **2008 Global Trends:**\n\n## **Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees,** **Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons**\n\n_Somali refugees wait to receive food rations at the Hagadera refugee camp in Dadaab, Kenya._\n_UNHCR/ E. Hockstein_\n\n\n**16 June 2009**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n### **2008 IN REVIEW \u2013 STATISTICS AT A GLANCE**\n\n\n- There were some 42 million forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2008.\nThis includes 15.2 million refugees, 827,000 asylum-seekers (pending cases) and 26\nmillion internally displaced persons (IDPs).\n\n- Nearly 25 million people \u2013 10.5 million refugees and 14.4 million IDPs \u2013 were\nreceiving protection or assistance from UNHCR at the end of 2008. These numbers\nare similar to 2007.\n\n- In 2008, UNHCR identified some 6.6 million stateless persons in 58 countries. The\nOffice estimated that the overall number of stateless persons worldwide was far\nhigher, about 12 million people.\n\n- Some 604,000 refugees repatriated voluntarily during 2008. Repatriation figures have\ncontinued to decrease since 2004. The 2008 figure is the second-lowest in 15 years.\n\n- More than 839,000 people submitted an individual application for asylum or refugee\nstatus in 2008. UNHCR offices registered nine per cent of those claims. More than\n16,300 asylum applications were lodged by unaccompanied and separated children in\n68 countries. With one quarter of applications globally, South Africa is the largest\nrecipient of individual applications in the world.\n\n- UNHCR presented 121,000 refugees for resettlement consideration by States. More\nthan 67,000 refugees were resettled with UNHCR\u2019s assistance during 2008.\nAccording to Government statistics, 16 countries reported the admission of 88,800\nresettled refugees during 2008 (with or without UNHCR assistance). The United\nStates of America accepted the highest number (60,200 during its Fiscal Year).\n\n- Women and girls represent on average 49 per cent of persons of concern to UNHCR.\nThey constitute 47 per cent of refugees and asylum-seekers, and half of all IDPs and\nreturnees (refugees). Forty-four per cent of refugees and asylum-seekers are children\nbelow 18 years of age.\n\n- Developing countries are host to four fifths of the world\u2019s refugees. Based on the data\navailable for 8.8 million refugees, UNHCR estimates that half of the world\u2019s refugees\nreside in urban areas and one third in camps. However, seven out of ten refugees in\nsub-Saharan Africa reside in camps.\n\n- Pakistan is host to the largest number of refugees worldwide (1.8 million), followed\nby the Syrian Arab Republic (1.1 million) and the Islamic Republic of Iran (980,000).\n\n- Afghan and Iraqi refugees account for almost half of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility worldwide. One out of four refugees in the world is from Afghanistan\n(2.8 million) and Afghans are located in 69 different asylum countries. Iraqis are the\nsecond largest refugee group, with 1.9 million having sought refuge mainly in\nneighbouring countries.\n\n- Pakistan hosted the largest number of refugees in relation to its economic capacity.\nThe country hosted 733 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita. It was followed by\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo (496 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per\ncapita) and the United Republic of Tanzania (262). The first developed country is\nGermany at 26 [th] place with 16 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita.\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n### I. Introduction [1]\n\nForced population displacement has grown in size and complexity in recent years, and the _2008_\n_Global Trends_ report reflects many of the major humanitarian developments between January\nand December 2008. The report analyses the statistical trends and changes in the global\npopulations for whom UNHCR has been entrusted with a responsibility by the United Nations\nGeneral Assembly. These include refugees, returnees, stateless persons and certain groups of\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs), collectively referred to in this report as \u201cpersons of\nconcern\u201d.\n\nThe outbreak, renewal and prolongation of armed conflict had a negative impact on peace,\nstability and security in many regions of the world during 2008, often resulting in the movement\nof people within and outside their home countries. While millions were newly displaced during\nthe past year, millions of others were able to return home or found another durable solution.\n\nAvailable information suggests\n\n|Category of displaced population|2007 (in mln)|Col3|2008 (in mln)|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Category of displaced population**|**Total**|**Protected/**
**assisted by**
**UNHCR**|
**Total**|**Protected/**
**assisted by**
**UNHCR**|\n|Refugees under UNHCR mandate
Refugees under UNRWA mandate|11.4
4.6|11.4
-
|10.5
4.7|10.5
-
|\n|**Total number of refugees**|**16.0**|**11.4**|**15.2**|**10.5**|\n|Asylum-seekers (pending cases)
Conflict-generated IDPs|0.7
26.0|0.1
13.7|0.8
26.0|0.2
14.4|\n|**Total number of refugees, asylum-**
**seekers and IDPs**|**42.7**|**25.2**|**42.0**|**25.1**|\n\nthere were 42 million forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2008. [2] This figure\nincludes 15.2 million refugees, of whom 10.5 million fall under UNHCR\u2019s mandate and some\n4.7 million Palestinian refugees under the responsibility of the United Nations Relief and Works\nAgency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The total number of people\ndisplaced within their country as a result of armed conflict is estimated at 26 million [3], of whom\njust over half are protected or assisted by UNHCR. The number of people whose asylum\napplications had not yet been adjudicated by the end of the reporting period was estimated at\n827,000.\n\nThroughout the year, the Office extended the full range of its protection and assistance activities\nto refugees. At the same time, UNHCR, as a committed partner in the framework of shared\nresponsibility established under the inter-agency cluster approach [4], continued to expand the\nprotection and assistance provided to internally displaced persons.\n\nThe 2008 statistics suggest that the large-scale repatriation movements observed in the past have\ndecelerated. Return figures have continuously dropped since 2004 and current levels are among\nthe lowest in decades. However, UNHCR\u2019s efforts for securing alternative solutions such as\nresettlement are gaining new ground.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 This report has been prepared by the Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS), Division of Operational\nServices at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva. Any questions concerning the report should be addressed to FICSS at\nstats@unhcr.org. Visit also UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.\n2 The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimates that there are an additional 25\nmillion people who have been displaced due to natural disasters. See _Forced_ _Migration_ _Review_ _#20_,\nhttp://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR20/FMR2021.pdf.\n3 Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).\n4 In December 2005, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee endorsed the _Cluster Approach_ for situations of internal\ndisplacement. Under this arrangement, UNHCR assumes leadership responsibility and accountability for three of the nine\n\u201cclusters\u201d, namely: protection; emergency shelter; and camp coordination and camp management.\n\n\n_**3**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available information", - "confidence": 0.8466839790344238, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5957748889923096, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8461138606071472, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Conflict-generated IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6801488995552063, - "start": 399, - "end": 401 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5124881863594055, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2008 statistics", - "confidence": 0.9346557259559631, - "start": 687, - "end": 689 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5051100254058838, - "start": 769, - "end": 770 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7230578660964966, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9731562733650208, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.967136025428772, - "start": 682, - "end": 685 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical Online Population Database", - "confidence": 0.9003502130508423, - "start": 783, - "end": 787 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5981600284576416, - "start": 769, - "end": 770 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6049613356590271, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\nThe absence of a solution for millions of refugees in protracted situations [5] continues to pose a\nmajor challenge to UNHCR and its partners, to host countries, the refugees themselves and the\ninternational community at large. UNHCR estimates that there are currently more than 5.7\nmillion refugees trapped in protracted situations and for whom there is limited hope of finding a\nsolution in the near future.\n\nThe analysis of the refugee data reveals a few major patterns. First, four out of five refugees\nreside in developing countries. Second, more than three quarters of the world\u2019s refugees seek\nasylum in neighbouring countries or the immediate region. Third, available information indicates\nthat one out of two refugees is living in an urban area. [6]\n\nSome 6.6 million stateless persons were identified by UNHCR in 2008. This figure is more than\ndouble the figure of 2007. For the most part, this is not due to new situations of statelessness but,\nrather, the result of improved data availability. It also does not capture the full magnitude of the\nphenomenon of statelessness - a significant number of stateless people have not been identified\nand statistical data on statelessness is not yet available in many cases.\n\n**Who are included in the statistics?**\n\nOver the past two years UNHCR undertook an internal review of statistical classifications and\ndefinitions in an effort to render its statistics more consistent across countries and categories.\nOne of the main goals of this review was to evaluate its main statistical instruments and\nreporting processes. This process has been successfully completed in the course of 2008. As a\nconsequence, the 2008 statistics analysed in this report are comparable with figures reported in\n2007. [7]\n\nThis report is limited to populations for whom\nUNHCR has a mandate and does not provide a\ncomprehensive picture of global forced displacement.\nThe 4.7 million Palestinian refugees who fall under\nthe mandate of UNRWA are not included in the\nsubsequent analysis. Likewise, the report only covers\nIDPs who benefited directly or indirectly from\nUNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities.\n\n_Newly arrived Somali refugees in Ifo camp, Dadaab, Kenya._\n\nEven though global migration poses a challenge for _UNHCR/ E. Hockstein_\nasylum and refugee management, this report does not address mixed migration flows. The main\nreason is the lack of reliable statistical data that would be required for an evidence-based\nanalysis of this phenomenon. [8] Unless otherwise specified, the report covers the period 1 January\n2008 \u2013 31 December 2008 and does not refer to events occurring after 31 December 2008.\n\nThe statistics in this report have for the most part been reported by UNHCR country offices,\nbased on Government sources, non-governmental organizations and UNHCR\u2019s registration\nsystems. The numbers have been rounded off to the closest hundredth or thousandth. As some\nminor adjustments may need to be made for the publication of the _2008 Statistical Yearbook_, to\n\n\n5 See page 7 for definition of protracted refugee situation.\n6 Information on the location is available for 8.8 million out of the 10.5 million refugees at the end of 2008.\n7 For more details on the statistical changes introduced, see _2007 Statistical Yearbook_, pp. 11-22, UNHCR, Geneva.\n8 As part of UNHCR\u2019s strategy to address the phenomenon of mixed migration flows, UNHCR has developed the \u201c10-Point-Plan\nof Action\u201d which aims at ensuring that protection space continues to be available for people in need of international protection.\nSee http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/4742a30b4.pdf for further information.\n\n\n_**4**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee data", - "confidence": 0.9903205037117004, - "start": 85, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8564841747283936, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6002064943313599, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5602471232414246, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8818733096122742, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical data on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.7946737408638, - "start": 223, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9545318484306335, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.8764752745628357, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9142277240753174, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9050782322883606, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2008 statistics", - "confidence": 0.7718212604522705, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7368975877761841, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6021227240562439, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5281116962432861, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7443454265594482, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.777991533279419, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7284471392631531, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.713965892791748, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.592158317565918, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\nbe published later this year, they should be considered as provisional and may be subject to\nchange.\n\nUNHCR identifies seven population categories, collectively referred to as \u201cpersons of concern to\nUNHCR\u201d. This includes: (a) refugees; (b) asylum-seekers; (c) IDPs; (d) refugees who have\nreturned home (returnees); (e) IDPs who have returned home; (f) stateless persons; and (g) other\npeople who do not fall under any of the above categories but to whom the Office extends its\nprotection and/or assistance activities. In 2007, two additional sub-categories were introduced:\n(1) people in refugee-like situations (included under refugees); and (2) people in IDP-like\nsituations (included under IDPs).\n\n**Refugees** include individuals recognized under the _1951 Convention relating to the Status of_\n_Refugees;_ its 1967 Protocol; the _1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of_\n_Refugee Problems in Africa_ ; those recognized in accordance with the UNHCR Statute;\nindividuals granted complementary forms of protection [9] ; or, those enjoying \u201ctemporary\nprotection\u201d [10] . The refugee population includes people in a refugee-like situation. [11]\n\n**Asylum-seekers** are individuals who have sought international protection and whose claims for\nrefugee status have not yet been determined. Those covered in this report refer to claimants\nwhose individual applications were pending at the end of 2008, irrespective of when they may\nhave been lodged.\n\n**Internally displaced persons** are people or groups of individuals who have been forced to leave\ntheir homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of, or in order to avoid the\neffects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or\nnatural- or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an international border. [12] For\npurposes of UNHCR\u2019s statistics, this population only includes conflict-generated IDPs to whom\nthe Office extends protection and/or assistance. The IDP population includes people in an IDPlike situation. [13]\n\n**Returned refugees (returnees)** refer to refugees who have returned voluntarily to their country\nof origin or habitual residence. For purposes of this report, only refugees who returned between\nJanuary and December 2008 are included. However, in practice, operations may assist returnees\nfor longer periods.\n\n**Returned IDPs** refer to those IDPs who were beneficiaries of UNHCR\u2019s protection and\nassistance activities and who returned to their areas of origin or habitual residence between\nJanuary and December 2008. However, in practice, operations may assist IDP returnees for\nlonger periods.\n\n\n9 Complementary protection refers to protection provided under national or regional law in countries which do not grant 1951\nConvention refugee status to people who are in need of international protection against serious, but indiscriminate risks.\n10 Temporary protection refers to arrangements developed by States to offer protection of a temporary nature to people arriving\nfrom situations of conflict or generalized violence without the necessity for formal or individual status determination. This\nusually applies to situations of large-scale influx.\n11 This sub-category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are outside their country or territory of origin and\nwho face protection risks similar to refugees, but for whom refugee status has, for practical or other reasons, not been\nascertained.\n12 See: Addendum _Guiding principles on Internal Displacement_ to the _Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General,_\n_Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission (on Human Rights) Resolution 1997/39_, United Nations, 1998,\nE/CN.4/1998/53/Add2.\n13 This sub-category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are inside their country of nationality or habitual\nresidence and who face protection risks similar to IDPs but who, for practical or other reasons, could not be reported as such.\n\n\n_**5**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n**Stateless persons** are individuals not considered as nationals by any State under national laws or\nwho formally possess a nationality but where it is ineffective. The statistics in this report on\nstatelessness also include people with undetermined nationality. UNHCR has been called upon\nby the General Assembly to contribute to the prevention and reduction of statelessness and the\nprotection of stateless persons. UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee has requested the Office to\nreport regularly on the magnitude of the phenomenon. The Office also has specific functions\nunder Article 11 of the _1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness_ to receive claims\nfrom persons who may benefit from the safeguards contained in that Convention and to assist\nthem and the States concerned to resolve those claims.\n\n**Other groups or people of concern** refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly\ninto any of the groups above but to whom UNHCR has extended its protection and/or assistance\nservices, based on humanitarian or other special grounds.\n\n### **II. Overview of global trends**\n\nBy the end of 2008, the total population under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility stood at 34.4 million.\nThis figure reflects new displacement, durable solutions found, improved availability of data,\nrevised estimates, as well as legal and demographic changes. The analysis in this report is\nlimited to the individual population groups.\n\n**Map 1: Total population by category, end-2008**\n\n\nBy the end of 2008, there were an estimated 10.5 million refugees under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility, including some 1.4 million people in refugee-like situations. [14] The number of\n\n14 Ninety-five per cent of the 1.4 million people in a refugee-like situation are located in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,\nEcuador and Pakistan.\n\n\n_**6**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected and/or assisted by UNHCR was the **Fig 1: Refugees and IDPs**\nhighest on record. A total of 14.4 million IDPs, **protected/ assisted by UNHCR,**\nincluding 51,000 people in IDP-like situations, were (M ln.) **1999-2008 (end-year)**\n\n16\n\nreceiving humanitarian assistance under arrangements\n\n14\n\nin which UNHCR was either a lead agency or a key 12\npartner. 10\n\n8\n\nMore than 1.3 million IDPs were able to return home 6\n\nsince 2001. The asylum-seeker population, that is \n'99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\n\npeople whose asylum applications had not yet been\nadjudicated by the end of the reporting period, increased to 827,000. During 2008, UNHCR\nidentified some 6.6 million stateless persons in 58 countries but estimated the total number of\nstateless persons worldwide at almost double that number, 12 million people. [15]\n\n### **III. Refugee population**\n\nIn 2008, the refugee population under UNHCR\u2019s mandate\n\n**Most refugees remain within**\n\ndropped for the first time since 2006. The decrease arose\n\n**\u201ctheir\u201d region of origin**\n\nfrom two main sources. First, a number of refugees found a\ndurable solution during the year, in particular through The available statistical evidence\nvoluntary repatriation. Second, estimates for the Colombian demonstrates that most refugees\n\nremain in their region of origin and\n\nand Iraqi refugee populations in Ecuador and the Syrian Arab\n\nflee to neighbouring countries.\n\nRepublic respectively were revised downwards (-32%). This Indeed, the major refugeeconstitutes a decrease of almost one million refugees generating regions hosted on\ncompared to the year earlier (11.4 million). average between 75 and 91 per cent\n\nof refugees within the region.\nUNHCR estimates that some 1.7\n\nBy the end of 2008, developing countries hosted 8.4 million\n\nmillion refugees (16% out of the\n\nrefugees, 80 per cent of the global refugee population, of total of 10.5 million) live outside\nwhich the 49 Least Developed Countries provided asylum to their region of origin.\n18 per cent.\n\nTable 1 (below) shows that one third of all refugees were residing in countries covered by\nUNHCR\u2019s Asia and Pacific region, with three quarters of them being Afghans. The Middle East\nand North Africa region was host to about one fifth (22%) of all refugees (primarily from Iraq)\nwhile Africa (excluding North Africa) and Europe hosted\n\n**Protracted refugee situations**\n\nrespectively 20 and 15 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees. The\n\nUNHCR defines a protracted Americas region had the smallest share of refugees (8%),\nrefugee situation as one in which with Colombians constituting the largest number.\n25,000 or more refugees of the same\nnationality have been in exile for\n\nThe decrease in the number of refugees was observed in\n\nfive years or more in a given asylum\ncountry. Based on this definition, it almost all major regions, but mostly felt in the Americas\nis estimated that some 5.7 million (-19%) and the Middle East and North Africa (-14%). Both\nwere in a protracted situation. These decreases, however, were primarily the result of revised\nrefugees were living in 22 different\n\nestimates rather than population movements. In the\n\ncountries accounting for 29\n\nAmericas, the number of Colombians in Ecuador assessed to\n\nprotracted situations in total.\n\nbe in a refugee-like situation was adjusted from 250,000 to\n82,300 following a comprehensive survey carried out by the Government and UNHCR. This\nsurvey was undertaken to determine the magnitude and the profile of the Colombian population\n\n15 Refugees and asylum-seekers who are at the same time also stateless persons are not included in this figure. They are reflected\nin the figures relating to the refugee and asylum-seeker groups concerned.\n\n\n\n(M ln.)\n\n\n\n**Fig 1: Refugees and IDPs**\n**protected/ assisted by UNHCR,**\n**1999-2008 (end-year)**\n\n\n\n16\n\n14\n12\n\n10\n\n\n\n8\n6\n\n4\n2\n\n \n\n\n\n\n'99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\n\n\n\n**Most refugees remain within**\n**\u201ctheir\u201d region of origin**\n\nThe available statistical evidence\ndemonstrates that most refugees\nremain in their region of origin and\nflee to neighbouring countries.\nIndeed, the major refugeegenerating regions hosted on\naverage between 75 and 91 per cent\nof refugees within the region.\nUNHCR estimates that some 1.7\nmillion refugees (16% out of the\ntotal of 10.5 million) live outside\ntheir region of origin.\n\n\n\n**Protracted refugee situations**\n\n\n\nUNHCR defines a protracted\nrefugee situation as one in which\n25,000 or more refugees of the same\nnationality have been in exile for\nfive years or more in a given asylum\ncountry. Based on this definition, it\nis estimated that some 5.7 million\nwere in a protracted situation. These\nrefugees were living in 22 different\ncountries accounting for 29\nprotracted situations in total.\n\n\n\n_**7**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available statistical evidence", - "confidence": 0.591093897819519, - "start": 272, - "end": 275 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8264111876487732, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9062060713768005, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6632739901542664, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\nand assess the main protection gaps. [16] In the Middle East and North Africa region, the\nGovernment of the Syrian Arab Republic revised its estimate of Iraqi refugees from 1.5 to 1.1\nmillion based on the presumption that a number of Iraqis have left the country either to return to\nIraq or move onward to other countries.\n\n\n**Table 1. Refugee population by UNHCR regions, 2008**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Start-2008|Col3|Col4|End-2008|Col6|Col7|Change (total)|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|UNHCR regions|Refugees|People in
refugee-like
situations|Total
refugees|Refugees|People in
refugee-like
situations|Total
refugees|Absolute|%|\n|- Central Africa and Great Lakes
- East and Horn of Africa
- Southern Africa
- West Africa
Total Africa*
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East and North Africa|1,086,200

815,200

181,000

174,700

2,257,100

499,400

2,674,200

1,580,700

2,654,000
|15,000

-

-

-

15,000

487,600

1,151,000

5,500

67,600
|1,101,200

815,200

181,000

174,700

2,272,100

987,000

3,825,200

1,586,200

2,721,600
|978,200

763,900

161,100

175,300

2,078,500

500,000

2,577,800

1,616,000

2,278,200
|27,800

-

-

-

27,800

303,500

1,018,300

5,700

72,800
|1,006,000

763,900

161,100

175,300

2,106,300

803,500

3,596,100

1,621,700

2,351,000
|-95,200

-51,300

-19,900

600

-165,800

-183,500

-229,100

35,500

-370,600
|-8.6%
-6.3%
-11.0%
0.3%
-7.3%
-18.6%
-6.0%
2.2%
-13.6%|\n|**Total**|**9,665,400**
|**1,726,700**
|**11,392,100**
|**9,050,500**
|**1,428,100**
|**10,478,600**
|**-913,500**
|**-8.0%**|\n|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|* Excluding North Africa.|\n\n\n\nIn Africa (excluding North Africa), the number of refugees continued to decline for the eighth\nconsecutive year. By the end of 2008, there were 2.1 million refugees compared to more than 3.4\nmillion in 2000. The refugee population decreased by 7 per cent between the start and end of\n2008, primarily due to successful voluntary repatriation operations to Burundi (95,400), South\nSudan (90,100), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (54,000) and Angola (13,100).\nUnfortunately, renewed armed conflict and human rights violations in the Central African\nRepublic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia and Sudan also led to refugee\noutflows of almost 210,000 people, primarily to Kenya (65,000 new arrivals), Uganda (49,500),\nCameroon (25,700), and Chad (17,900).\n\n**Fig 2: Major refugee hosting countries,**\n**end-2008**\n\nIn the Asia and Pacific region, the total\n\nPakistan * 1,780,900\n\nnumber of refugees and people in a refugee\nSyrian Arab Rep. ** 1,105,700\n\nlike situation was estimated at 3.4 million at\nthe end of 2008. This is a decrease of 6 per Islamic Rep. of Iran 980,100\ncent during the year mainly due to the Germany 582,700\nvoluntary repatriation of more than 274,000 Jordan ** 500,400\nAfghans from Pakistan. In contrast to the Chad 330,500\nother regions, in Europe the refugee United Rep. of Tanzania 321,900\npopulation increased slightly (+2%). This Kenya 320,600\nraise can partly be attributed to the figures China 301,000\nfrom Montenegro in which 16,000 people United Kingdom *** 292,100\nfrom Kosovo (Serbia), previously reported _* Includes Afghans in a refugee-like situation._\nas IDPs, were reclassified as refugees. _** Government estimate._\n\n_*** UNHCR estimate._\n\nThe five major refugee hosting countries in 2008 were the same as those in 2007. Together, these\ncountries accounted for almost half (47%) of all refugees under the UNHCR mandate. Pakistan\nwas again the country with the largest number of refugees (1.8 million), virtually all from\nAfghanistan. [17] This is a decrease of quarter of a million people over 2007 as a result of the\n\n\n\n**Fig 2: Major refugee hosting countries,**\n**end-2008**\n\n\n\nPakistan *\n\n\n\n1,780,900\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Rep. **\n\n\nIslamic Rep. of Iran\n\n\n\n1,105,700\n\n\n\n980,100\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nJordan **\n\n\n\n582,700\n\n\n\n500,400\n\n\n\nChad\n\n\n\nUnited Rep. of Tanzania\n\n\n\nKenya\n\n\n\nChina\n\n\n\n330,500\n\n\n321,900\n\n\n320,600\n\n\n301,000\n\n\n292,100\n\n\n\nUnited Kingdom ***\n\n\n\n_* Includes Afghans in a refugee-like situation._\n_** Government estimate._\n_*** UNHCR estimate._\n\n\n\n16 See 2007 Statistical Yearbook, _Best practice in data collection: the case of Ecuador_, p.20, UNHCR, Geneva.\n17 Refugee figures for Pakistan include recognized Afghan refugees (2,000), registered Afghans in refugee villages who are\nassisted by UNHCR (764,900), and registered Afghans outside refugee villages who are living in a \u201crefugee-like\u201d situation\n(1,015,200). Individuals in all categories have been issued a Proof of Registration Card by the Government of Pakistan.\nFollowing the completion of the registration exercise in 2007, those living outside refugee villages are now in the \u201crefugee-like\u201d\ncategory. They do not receive direct UNHCR material assistance but they benefit from advocacy and upon return reintegration\nsupport.\n\n\n_**8**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Government estimate", - "confidence": 0.8787978291511536, - "start": 1448, - "end": 1450 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6405938267707825, - "start": 1493, - "end": 1494 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7674366235733032, - "start": 1467, - "end": 1468 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6067783832550049, - "start": 1443, - "end": 1444 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Government estimate", - "confidence": 0.686648964881897, - "start": 1633, - "end": 1635 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6239370703697205, - "start": 1641, - "end": 1642 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8071962594985962, - "start": 1533, - "end": 1534 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6488807201385498, - "start": 1647, - "end": 1648 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "recognized Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.617047131061554, - "start": 1676, - "end": 1679 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\ncontinuing repatriation of Afghans. According to the revised Government estimates, the Syrian\nArab Republic was host to 1.1 million Iraqi refugees, making it the second largest refugee\nhosting country at year end. The Islamic Republic of Iran hosted 980,000 refugees, almost all\nAfghans, while Germany and Jordan [18] reported some 583,000 and 500,000 refugees,\nrespectively. In all three countries, estimates remained fairly stable with changes not exceeding\nthe two per cent from the previous year. Chad was the sixth\nlargest hosting country at the end of 2008 with more than\n330,000 refugees. The figure increased by 35,000 during the year\n(+12%), mainly as a result of new arrivals from the Central\nAfrican Republic and Sudan. In the United Republic of Tanzania,\nthe refugee population dropped to 322,000 (-26%) due to the\nvoluntary repatriation of 95,000 Burundian and 15,600\nCongolese refugees. Figures in the United Republic of Tanzania\nhave more than halved since 2002 when the country was host to\nclose to 700,000 refugees. On the other hand, Kenya witnessed a\nsubstantial increase during 2008 with the arrival of 65,000\nSomali refugees. The country\u2019s refugee population stood at more\nthan 320,000 by the end of the year (+21%).\n\nAfghanistan has been the leading country of origin of refugees\nfor the past three decades with up to 6.4 million of its citizens\nhaving sought international protection during peak years. As of _Influx of Congolese refugees from the DRC_\n\n_into Uganda. UNHCR/ J. Akena_\n\nthe end of 2008, there were still more than 2.8 million Afghan\nrefugees. In other words, one out of four refugees in the world is from Afghanistan. Even though\nAfghan refugees were to be found in 69 asylum countries worldwide, 96 per cent of them were\nlocated in Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran alone. Iraqis were the second largest group,\nwith 1.9 million having sought refuge mainly in neighbouring countries. Afghan and Iraqi\nrefugees account for almost half (45%) of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility\nworldwide.\n\n\n18 Number of Iraqis in Jordan estimated by the Government.\n\n\n_**9**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nSomali and Sudanese refugees constitute the third and fourth largest refugee group under\nUNHCR\u2019s responsibility with 561,000 and 419,000 respectively. The trends, however, are\nmoving into two opposite directions for these two groups. While the number of Somali refugees\nhas gone up by 23 per cent due to the deteriorating political situation in the country, the number\nof Sudanese refugees has dropped by 20 per cent because of successful repatriation operations to\nSouthern Sudan. Other main source countries of refugees were Colombia (374,000) [19] and the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (368,000) (see Map 2 above).\n\n**Capacities and contributions of host countries**\n\nIt is generally understood that countries with strong economies are more likely to be capable of\nabsorbing refugees. By comparing the refugee population with the Gross Domestic Product\n(GDP) (PPP) [20] per capita [21] of a country, a measure\n\n**Fig 3: Number of refugees per 1 USD**\n\ncan be obtained of the relative impact of hosting\n\n**GDP (PPP) per capita, 2008**\n\nrefugees. If the number of refugees per 1 USD GDP\n(PPP) per capita is high, the relative contribution and Pakistan 733\neffort made by countries compared to the national Dem. Rep. of Congo 496\neconomy can be considered as high. Among the 25 Tanzania (Un. Rep. of) 262\ncountries with the highest number of refugees per 1\n\nSyrian Arab Rep. 257\n\nUSD GDP per capita, all are developing countries,\nincluding 15 Least Developed Countries. Chad 230\n\nKenya 211\n\nAt the end of 2008, Pakistan was hosting the highest Uganda 144\nnumber of refugees compared to its national\n\nNepal 116\n\neconomy. As such, it hosted 733 refugees per 1 USD\n\nJordan 102\n\nGDP (PPP) per capita. The Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo was second with 496 refugees per 1 USD Ethiopia 98\nGDP (PPP) per capita, followed by the United\nRepublic of Tanzania (262), the Syrian Arab Republic (257), and Chad (230). The first\ndeveloped country is Germany at 26 [th] place with 16 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita.\n\n### **IV. Durable solutions**\n\nMillions of refugees around the world continue to live with little hope of finding a solution to\ntheir plight. Finding durable solutions is part of UNHCR\u2019s core mandate. Solutions can take\nthree different forms: (i) voluntary repatriation to the home country; (ii) resettlement in another\ncountry; or (iii) finding appropriate permanent integration mechanisms in the country of asylum.\nVoluntary repatriation is the durable solution which has historically benefited the largest number\nof refugees. Resettlement is a key protection tool and a significant burden- and responsibilitysharing mechanism. Local integration is a complex and gradual process and comprises distinct\nbut inter-related legal, economic and socio-cultural dimensions. It is, however, difficult to\nquantify in numerical terms given the large variety of forms it can take. The analysis of data on\nlocal integration is therefore limited to integration through naturalization of refugees by the host\ncountry.\n\n\n\n**Fig 3: Number of refugees per 1 USD**\n**GDP (PPP) per capita, 2008**\n\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\n\n733\n\n\n\nDem. Rep. of Congo\n\n\n\n496\n\n\n\nTanzania (Un. Rep. of)\n\n\n\n262\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Rep.\n\n\n\n257\n\n\n\nChad\n\n\n\n230\n\n\n211\n\n\n\nKenya\n\n\n\nUganda\n\n\n\n144\n\n\n\nNepal\n\n\n\n116\n\n\n\nJordan\n\n\n\n102\n\n\n\nEthiopia\n\n\n\n98\n\n\n\n19 This figure includes refugees as well people in a refugee-like situation in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Ecuador and\nother countries in the region.\n20 Source for Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity): International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook\nDatabase, April 2009 (accessed 30 April 2009).\n21 Source for national population: United Nations, Population Division, \"World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision\", New\nYork, 2009.\n\n\n_**10**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation\n\nBased on consolidated reports from countries of **Fig 4: Refugee returns, 1999-2008**\n\n(Mln.)\n\n\nestimated that close to 604,000 refugees\nrepatriated voluntarily during 2008, 17 per cent\nless than in 2007 (731,000). Repatriation 1.5\nfigures have continuously decreased since 2004 1.0\nwith 2008 figures being the second-lowest out\nof the past 15 years. Only in 2001 was the 0.5\nnumber of returns lower (462,000). This is an 0.0\nindication that the large-scale repatriation '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\nmovements observed in the past have\ndecelerated. Globally, an estimated 11 million refugees have returned home over the past 10\nyears; 7.5 million, or 68 per cent, of them with UNHCR assistance.\n\nThe main countries of return in 2008 included Afghanistan (278,500), Burundi (95,400), Sudan\n(90,100), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (54,000), Iraq (25,600), and Angola (13,100).\nThe largest number of refugee departures was reported by Pakistan (274,200), the United\nRepublic of Tanzania (110,800), and Uganda (66,800).\n\nAfghanistan continued to be the main country of return with 278,500 registered returns during\nthe year. More than 5 million Afghan refugees \u2013 or one fifth of Afghanistan\u2019s population \u2013 have\nreturned home since 2002. The large majority has gone back to their areas of origin, but recent\nreturnees face more difficulties as the country\u2019s\nabsorption capacity reaches its limit. Thousands of\nreturnees have been unable to return to their\nvillages due to insecurity and a lack of land,\nshelter, basic services or job opportunities. These\nchallenges have been compounded by a food crisis\nand severe drought.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s repatriation operation for Burundian\nrefugees living in the United Republic of Tanzania,\n\n2008. As a consequence, the refugee population in _attending classes in Qalinbafan. UNHCR/ E. Hockstein_\nthe camps in north-western Tanzania in March fell below the 200,000 mark for the first time in\n15 years. In total, more than 477,000 Burundian refugees, including spontaneous returnees, were\nable to return home between 2002 and 2008, 96 per cent of them from the United Republic of\nTanzania only.\n\nResettlement\n\nResettlement is a vital protection tool and an international responsibility-sharing mechanism, but\nalso can be a key element in comprehensive solution strategies. It aims to provide protection to\nrefugees whose life, liberty, safety, health or other fundamental human rights are at risk in their\ncountry of asylum.\n\nComparatively, resettlement benefits a small number of refugees; in 2008, less than 1 per cent of\nthe world\u2019s refugees directly benefited from resettlement. During the past 10 years, some\n807,000 refugees were resettled, compared to 11 million refugees who were able to repatriate.\nThus, for every refugee who has been resettled since 1999, about 14 have repatriated. However,\n\n\n\n(Mln.)\n\n\n\n**Fig 4: Refugee returns, 1999-2008**\n\n\n\n2.5\n\n\n\nnon-assisted\n\n\n\n2.0\n\n\n\nUNHCR-assisted\n\n\n\n1.5\n\n\n\n1.0\n\n\n\n0.5\n\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\n'99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\n\n\n\n_Afghan boys and girls who have returned from Pakistan are_\n_attending classes in Qalinbafan. UNHCR/ E. Hockstein_\n\n\n\n_**11**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consolidated reports from countries", - "confidence": 0.578748345375061, - "start": 11, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1999-2008", - "confidence": 0.9691779017448425, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9783517718315125, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee returns", - "confidence": 0.9938710927963257, - "start": 606, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.8293744325637817, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1999-2008", - "confidence": 0.9997460246086121, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nin recent years resettlement has been vital in resolving some protracted refugees situations\naround the world, including creating protection space and opening up solutions that may have\nremained closed otherwise.\n\nDuring 2008, a total of 88,800 refugees were admitted by 16 resettlement countries, including\nthe United States of America (60,200) [22], Australia (11,000), Canada (10,800), Sweden (2,200),\nand Finland (750). Overall, this was 18 per cent above the total for 2007 (75,300) and the highest\nvalue since 2001 (92,100). Over the last few years, States in Latin America have emerged as new\nresettlement countries, albeit at a lower scale, offering a durable solution for refugees primarily\nfrom Colombia.\n\nIn 2008, UNHCR submitted more than 121,000 individual refugees for resettlement\nconsideration by States, the highest number of the past 15 years and 22 per cent above the 2007\nlevel (99,000). The figures were boosted by a major resettlement operation for Iraqis, especially\nin Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Turkey, and for refugees from Bhutan in\nNepal. The significant increase in the number of submissions over previous years reflects the\nimproving ability of UNHCR to identify refugees in need of this solution, and a more conscious\nand strategic use of resettlement for durable solutions and protection purposes.\n\n\n**Fig 5: UNHCR-assisted resettlement**\n\nDuring the year, more than 67,000 individuals departed\n\n**departures of refugees, 1993-2008**\n\nwith UNHCR assistance, 17,000 more than the year\nbefore. This is the highest number since the early 70,000\n\n60,000\n\n1990s. By nationality, the main beneficiaries of the 50,000\nUNHCR-facilitated resettlement programmes in 2008 40,000\nwere refugees from Myanmar (23,200), Iraq (17,800), 30,000\nBhutan (8,100), Somalia (3,500), Burundi (3,100), and 20,000\n\n10,000\n\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo (1,800). 0\n\n'92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08\n\nSome 85 UNHCR country offices were engaged in\nfacilitating resettlement during 2008. The largest number of refugees who were resettled with\nUNHCR assistance departed from Thailand (16,800), Nepal (8,200), the Syrian Arab Republic\n(7,300), Jordan (6,700), and Malaysia (5,900). These five UNHCR offices together accounted for\n7 out of every 10 resettlement departure assisted by the organization in 2008.\n\nLocal integration\n\nThe degree and nature of local integration are difficult to measure in quantitative terms, though\nthis is the final and crucial step towards obtaining the full protection of the asylum country. In\nthose cases where refugees acquire the citizenship through naturalization, statistical data is often\nvery limited, as the countries concerned generally do not distinguish between refugees and others\nwho have been naturalized. Moreover, national laws in many countries do not permit refugees to\nbe naturalized. Therefore, the naturalization of refugees is both restricted and under-reported.\n\nThe limited data on naturalization of refugees available to UNHCR show that during the past\ndecade more than 1.1 million refugees were granted citizenship by their asylum country. The\nUnited States of America alone accounted for two thirds of them, even though their 2008\nnumbers are not yet available. Azerbaijan and Armenia also granted citizenship to a significant\nnumber of refugees during the same period (188,400 and 65,800 respectively). For 2008,\nUNHCR was informed of refugees being granted citizenship in Belgium (4,200), Ireland (1,000),\nArmenia (730), and the United Republic of Tanzania (490).\n\n22 Data for the United States of America refers to US Fiscal Year (1 October \u2013 30 September) and may include people resettled\nfor the purpose of family reunification.\n\n\n\n**Fig 5: UNHCR-assisted resettlement**\n**departures of refugees, 1993-2008**\n\n\n\n70,000\n60,000\n50,000\n40,000\n30,000\n20,000\n10,000\n0\n\n\n\n'92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08\n\n\n\n_**12**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n### **V. Age and sex characteristics**\n\nAmong UNHCR\u2019s priorities are the development and application of policies to protect refugee\nchildren and ensure gender equality. Wars, conflict and related crisis situations have different\nimpacts on women, girls, boys and men who face different risks and have different needs.\nUNHCR and its partners work towards ensuring that every person of concern, especially those\nmost at risk, are properly identified and provided with appropriate assistance and protection. In\norder to monitor protection gaps and needs of\nthose groups, UNHCR offices are encouraged to **Fig 6: Demographic data coverage by region**\n\n**and population category, end-2008**\n\ncollect and provide sex and age-disaggregated\ninformation on persons of concern. **Africa** **Asia** 99%\n\n\n82%\n\nAlthough the available demographic information\non persons of concern to UNHCR is still partial\nand tends to be variable across countries and\npopulation categories, the recent years have\nwitnessed improved demographic data coverage.\n\ndisaggregated data for persons of concern to the\nOffice has almost doubled since 2005, increasing Refugees/ IDPs Returned Returned IDPs\nfrom 11 million to 21 million at the end of 2008. Asylum- refugees\n\nseekers\n\nDuring the same period, the number of countries\nfor which full or partial demographic data is available has gone up from 124 to 138. Much of this\nimprovement is due to improvements in registration procedures and the ongoing roll-out of\nUNHCR\u2019s registration software _proGres_ . [23]\n\nData on the sex breakdown is now available for 62 per cent of all persons of concern while\ninformation on age for 42 per cent. These averages, however, hide the fact that for certain\npopulation groups and certain regions the availability of demographic data is considerably higher\nthan for others. For instance, for refugees/asylum-seekers, IDPs and returned refugees it is\navailable for at least three quarters. In contrast, the data coverage for returned IDPs is less than\none quarter. These values tend to be much higher in developing countries, especially where\nUNHCR is operationally active. This is particularly true for most major population groups in\nAfrica and Asia which can be considered as quite comprehensively covered.\n\n\n**Fig 7: Percentage of women by region and**\n\nThe available data suggest that women and\n\n**selected population category, end-2008**\n\ngirls represent some 49 per cent of persons 54% Africa Asia Latin America/Caribbean\nof concern (excluding stateless persons).\nThey constitute 47 per cent of refugees 52%\nand asylum-seekers, 50 per cent of IDPs 50%\nand returned refugees as well as 51 per\n\n48%\n\ncent [24] of those IDPs who have returned\nhome during 2008. By region, women and 46%\ngirls represent in general half or more of\n\n44%\n\npersons of concern in Africa. In contrast,\nin Asia and Latin America and the 42%\nCaribbean they represent half or less of Refugees/ IDPs Returned Returned IDPs\npersons of concern in most of the Asylum- refugees\n\nseekers\n\npopulation categories.\n\n\n\n**Fig 6: Demographic data coverage by region**\n**and population category, end-2008**\n\n\n\n**Africa** **Asia**\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n\n82%\n\n\n\n99%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugees/\nAsylumseekers\n\n\n\nIDPs Returned Returned IDPs\nrefugees\n\n\n\n**Fig 7: Percentage of women by region and**\n**selected population category, end-2008**\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\nAfrica Asia Latin America/Caribbean\n\n\n\n52%\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\n46%\n\n\n\n44%\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\n\nRefugees/\nAsylumseekers\n\n\n\nIDPs Returned Returned IDPs\nrefugees\n\n\n\n23 The software has been rolled out to 72 countries by the end of 2008.\n24 Based on only 23 per cent data coverage for this category.\n\n\n_**13**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic data", - "confidence": 0.5535207390785217, - "start": 120, - "end": 122 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "sex and age-disaggregated\ninformation on persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.5934338569641113, - "start": 139, - "end": 147 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8957005143165588, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.7707219123840332, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7507568001747131, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2008", - "confidence": 0.9556425213813782, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.8290966153144836, - "start": 144, - "end": 147 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available demographic information\non persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.5004845857620239, - "start": 164, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8612815141677856, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.5249962210655212, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2008", - "confidence": 0.8000316023826599, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.7867801189422607, - "start": 144, - "end": 147 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic data", - "confidence": 0.8504730463027954, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6411173939704895, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2008", - "confidence": 0.6755592226982117, - "start": 443, - "end": 444 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.8224220871925354, - "start": 431, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Percentage of women by region", - "confidence": 0.6233614683151245, - "start": 422, - "end": 427 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2008", - "confidence": 0.946053147315979, - "start": 443, - "end": 444 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic data", - "confidence": 0.9124366044998169, - "start": 580, - "end": 582 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.8793614506721497, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5000647306442261, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5885244011878967, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees/\nAsylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.6414476633071899, - "start": 612, - "end": 615 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nAt the end of 2008, information by age was available for 14.3 million or 42 per cent of all\npersons of concern to UNHCR. The limited information shows that children below the age of 18\nrepresent 44 per cent of refugees and asylum-seekers and 43 per cent of IDPs. For returned\nrefugees and IDPs, the proportion is higher with 58 and 56 per cent, respectively. Children below\nthe age of five constitute on average one out of ten of refugees, asylum-seekers and IDPs.\nSchool-aged children (5-17 years) represent on average one third of refugees and asylumseekers, IDPs and returned\n\n**Table 2: Sex and age breakdown of selected population groups, end-2008**\n\nIDPs as well as 40 per\n\n|Col1|Female|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Male|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Category*|0-4|5-11|12-17|18-59|60+|0-4|5-11|12-17|18-59|60+|\n|Refugees/ asylum-
seekers
IDPs
Returned
refugees
Returned IDPs|
5%
5%
9%
11%|9%
9%
12%
13%|7%
7%
7%
6%|24%
26%
19%
25%|2%
3%
2%
1%|5%
5%
9%
10%|10%
10%
13%
10%|8%
7%
8%
6%|27%
26%
19%
17%|2%
3%
2%
1%|\n\n\n\n_* Excludes stateless persons and Others of concern due to lack of data._\n\ntwo and six per cent\ndepending of the population category. Adults between 18 and 59 years constitute the majority of\nrefugees and asylum-seekers (51%) and IDPs (52%) but only 38 per cent of returned refugees.\nThe available data suggest that refugees and IDPs tend to be older than returnees. The fact that\nalmost six out of 10 returnees are children below the age of 18 has strong implications with\nrespect to the planning for sustainable returns, especially in relation to the necessary investments\nrequired in education, nutrition and health.\n\n### **VI. Asylum-seekers**\n\nAn asylum-seeker is an individual who has sought international protection and whose claim for\nrefugee status has not yet been determined. It is important to note, however, that a person is a\nrefugee from the moment he/she fulfils the criteria set out the _1951 Convention Relating to the_\n_Status of Refugees_ . The formal recognition of someone, for instance through individual refugee\nstatus determination (RSD), does not establish refugee status, but confirms it.\n\nAs part of its obligation to protect refugees on its territory, the country of asylum is normally\nresponsible for determining whether an asylum-seeker is a refugee or not. The responsibility is\noften incorporated into the national legislation of the country and is in most cases derived from\nthe 1951 Convention.\n\nThe following sections present some of the main **Table 3: New and appeal applications received**\ntrends related to asylum applications which have **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008***\nbeen lodged on an individual basis. They do not State** 586,500 499,000 548,000 729,400\ninclude mass refugee inflows nor do they make UNHCR 89,300 91,500 79,800 73,400\nreference to people who have been accorded Jointly*** 7,900 23,800 26,000 36,100\n\nTotal 683,700 614,300 653,800 838,900\n\nrefugee status on a group or _prima facie_ basis. [25]\n\n% UNHCR only 13% 15% 12% 9%\n\n\n - Incomplete data.\n\nDuring 2008, at least 839,000 [26] individual\n\n** Includes revised estimates.\n\napplications for asylum or refugee status were *** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between\nsubmitted to Governments or UNHCR offices in UNHCR and the Government.\n\n25 The decision not to record in asylum statistics people who were granted refugee status under UNHCR\u2019s mandate on a _prima_\n_facie_ basis has been made to allow a direct comparison between State and UNHCR-conducted refugee status determination\nprocedures. However, it should be noted that RSD procedures that provide for refugee status recognition on a _prima facie_ basis\ngenerally go beyond the mere registration of applicants and usually involve in-depth screening and interviewing to establish the\nnationality of the applicants, the absence of exclusion triggers and identification of specific protection needs.\n26 Owing to the fact that some European countries have not yet released all their national asylum data at the time of writing, this\nfigure is likely to be revised upwards later this year.\n\n\n\n**Table 2: Sex and age breakdown of selected population groups, end-2008**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* Excludes stateless persons and Others of concern due to lack of data._\n\n\n\n**Table 3: New and appeal applications received**\n\n\n\n**2005** **2006** **2007** **2008***\n\n\n\nState** 586,500 499,000 548,000 729,400\n\nUNHCR 89,300 91,500 79,800 73,400\n\nJointly*** 7,900 23,800 26,000 36,100\n\nTotal 683,700 614,300 653,800 838,900\n\n% UNHCR only 13% 15% 12% 9%\n\n\n\n\n- Incomplete data.\n\n\n\n** Includes revised estimates.\n\n\n\n*** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between\nUNHCR and the Government.\n\n\n\n_**14**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2008 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.8803434371948242, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6392710208892822, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7100458741188049, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9169096946716309, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6752640604972839, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9394590258598328, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9382591247558594, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.9931582808494568, - "start": 506, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6011843681335449, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.9600620269775391, - "start": 923, - "end": 925 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7660347819328308, - "start": 908, - "end": 909 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9545608162879944, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national asylum data", - "confidence": 0.7586654424667358, - "start": 1028, - "end": 1031 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European countries", - "confidence": 0.6668421626091003, - "start": 1020, - "end": 1022 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2008", - "confidence": 0.663745641708374, - "start": 1063, - "end": 1064 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sex and age breakdown of selected population groups", - "confidence": 0.9139148592948914, - "start": 1054, - "end": 1062 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5579962134361267, - "start": 1130, - "end": 1131 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n154 countries. This constitutes a 28 per cent increase compared to the previous year (653,800\nclaims) and the second consecutive annual raise. Two main reasons explain this trend. The first\nis the dramatic number of asylum applications in South Africa (more than 207,000); and second,\nthe significantly higher number of certain populations seeking international protection during the\nyear, in particular Afghans, Eritreans, Somalis, and Zimbabweans. When excluding South Africa\nfrom the analysis, the global increase in 2008 would have been only four per cent. Out of the\nprovisional total of 839,000 asylum claims, an estimated 768,600 were initial applications [27]\nlodged in first instance procedures whereas the remaining 70,300 claims were submitted on\nappeal or with courts. [28]\n\nUNHCR offices registered some 73,400 applications, or almost one out of ten out of the total of\n839,000 claims in 2008. This number has decreased compared to 2007 (79,800 claims [29] ). The\nOffice\u2019s share in the global number of\napplications registered stood at 9 per cent in 2008\ncompared to 15 per cent in 2006 and 12 per cent\nin 2007. This drop is primarily due to the increase\nin applications received by States which are\ntaking responsibility for refugee status\ndetermination.\n\nWith a total of 333,000 asylum claims registered\nduring the year, Europe remained the primary\n\nfollowed closely by Africa (320,200). [30] The _Zimbabwe-South Africa border near Belt Bridge._\n\n_UNHCR/ J. Oatway_\n\nAmericas and Asia recorded 109,300 and 68,700\nrespectively while Oceania received 7,700 asylum-seekers. [31] These figures include applicants\nwho have been unsuccessful at first instance and subsequently filed an appeal.\n\n**New individual asylum applications received**\n\nWith more than 207,000 asylum claims registered in 2008, or roughly one quarter of individual\napplications globally, South Africa was the main destination for new asylum-seekers\nworldwide. [32] The figure has more than quadrupled compared to 2007 when 45,600 individuals\nhad sought international protection. Zimbabweans accounted for more than half of all claims\nsubmitted in 2008 (112,000 applications). With a cumulative total of more than 458,000\nindividual asylum applications since 2002, South Africa has rapidly evolved into one of the\nlargest recipients of asylum-seekers in the world. In contrast, the number of new asylum claims\nlodged in the United States of America has remained fairly stable in recent years. The United\nStates of America received only one quarter of the number of claims as South Africa, but was\nnevertheless in second position with 49,600 applications. [33] France was the third largest recipient\nduring 2008 (35,400 claims), recording a 20 per cent increase compared to 2007 (29,400 claims)\n\n27 Despite the fact that statistical reporting on new asylum-seekers has improved in recent years, in particular in Europe, it should\nbe borne in mind that the data include a significant number of repeat claims, i.e. the applicant has submitted at least one previous\napplication in the same or another country.\n28 Statistical information on outcomes of asylum appeals and court proceedings is under-reported in UNHCR statistics,\nparticularly in developed countries, because this type of data is often either not collected by States or not published separately.\n29 This figure included 14,200 Somali asylum-seekers who were granted refugee status on a _prima facie_ basis.\n30 The geographical regions used are those of the UN Statistics Division (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm).\n31 For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in industrialized countries, see _Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries,_\n_2008,_ UNHCR Geneva, March 2009, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.\n32 This figure includes Zimbabweans arriving at South Africa\u2019s southern border and people who applied for asylum in the wake\nof the May 2008 xenophobic violence.\n33 Estimated number of individuals based on the number of new cases (25,500) and multiplied by 1.4 to reflect the average\nnumber of individuals per case (Source: Department of Homeland Security); and number of new \u201cdefensive\u201d asylum requests\nlodged with the Executive Office of Immigration Review (13,900, reported by individuals).\n\n\n_**15**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2008 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.6208914518356323, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Africa", - "confidence": 0.7019151449203491, - "start": 52, - "end": 54 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9508850574493408, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Oatway_\n\nAmericas and Asia", - "confidence": 0.8922051191329956, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5706915855407715, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9374685287475586, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical reporting on new asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8889316320419312, - "start": 548, - "end": 553 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.543021023273468, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8478182554244995, - "start": 562, - "end": 563 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7924748659133911, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.988827109336853, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7819712162017822, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "developed countries", - "confidence": 0.8702965378761292, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8468617796897888, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\n**Fig 8: Main destination countries of new** and the first rise in four years. France\n**asylum-seekers, 2007-2008** was the main destination for asylum\n(x1,000)\n\n\n100\n\n\n9%\n\n\nRSA* USA FRA SUD CAN UK ITA SWE ETH* GER* asylum-seekers in 2008 with more\n\n - RSA=South Africa; ETH=Ethiopia; GER=Germany than 35,000 registered asylum claims,\n\nmostly from Eritrea (32,800). Other important destination countries for asylum-seekers were\nCanada (34,800) [34], the United Kingdom (30,500), and Italy (30,300).\n\nIn 2008, UNHCR offices received 69,600 new applications for refugee status and 3,800 on\nappeal or for review. These figures reflect the total number of applications received, including\npeople who later may not have shown for their RSD interview or whose RSD interview was\nrescheduled. The office in Malaysia received the largest number of new requests (17,000).\nTurkey was the second largest operation in 2008 (13,000 new claims), **Table 4: New asylum**\nfollowed by Kenya (8,100), the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (4,900), and **claims lodged in 2008 in**\nCameroon (4,100). UNHCR offices in Malaysia, Turkey, the Libyan **top 15 UNHCR offices***\nArab Jamahiriya and Cameroon were confronted with an increase in Malaysia 17,000\napplications while operations in Somalia, the Syrian Arab Republic and Turkey 13,000\nHong Kong, SAR of China experienced a decrease. The top-5 receiving Kenya 8,100\n\nLibyan Arab Jamah. 4,900\n\nUNHCR offices together registered more than two thirds of all new\n\nCameroon 4,100\n\napplications in 2008. Moreover, 90 per cent of UNHCR\u2019s refugee India 3,300\nstatus determination work (in terms of applications received) was Egypt 2,300\nconcentrated in 14 countries. Yemen 2,200\n\nSomalia 2,200\nKuwait** 2,100\n\nBy nationality, the highest number of new asylum claims was filed by Pakistan 1,400\nindividuals originating from Zimbabwe (118,500), Eritrea (62,700), Islamic Rep. of Iran 900\nSomalia (51,900), Iraq (43,900), and the Democratic Republic of the Syrian Arab Rep. 900\n\nMorocco 800\n\nCongo (32,700) (see Map 3 below). These figures, however, hide Thailand 800\npatterns of certain nationalities tending to cluster in a limited number of - Excludes appeal/review claims.\ncountries. For instance, 9 out of 10 Zimbabwean asylum claims were ** This figure includes 1,770\nlodged in South Africa alone. Similarly, two thirds of all new Eritrean Afghans who will undergo a preliminary screening/profiling to\nasylum claims were lodged in Sudan (32,800) and Ethiopia (8,700) determine whether the members of\nwhile almost half of all Somali requests were submitted in Ethiopia this group will undergo individual refugee status determination.\n(14,700) and South Africa (8,500). In the case of Iraqi asylum-seekers,\nTurkey (6,900 claims; UNHCR asylum procedure), Germany (6,800), Sweden (6,100) and the\nNetherlands (5,000) were prime destination countries together accounting for more than half\n(56%) of all new Iraqi claims. Even though asylum-seekers from the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo sought protection in more than 80 countries, 8 out of 10 requested refugee status on the\nAfrican continent, notably in South Africa (10,000) and Uganda (6,300).\n\n\n\n(x1,000)\n\n\n\n**Fig 8: Main destination countries of new**\n**asylum-seekers, 2007-2008**\n\n\n\n220\n200\n180\n160\n140\n120\n100\n80\n60\n40\n20\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n30%\n27%\n24%\n21%\n18%\n15%\n12%\n9%\n6%\n3%\n0%\n\n\n\nRSA* USA FRA SUD CAN UK ITA SWE ETH* GER*\n\n\n\n\n- RSA=South Africa; ETH=Ethiopia; GER=Germany\n\n\n\n**Table 4: New asylum**\n**claims lodged in 2008 in**\n**top 15 UNHCR offices***\n\n\n\nMalaysia 17,000\nTurkey 13,000\nKenya 8,100\nLibyan Arab Jamah. 4,900\nCameroon 4,100\nIndia 3,300\nEgypt 2,300\nYemen 2,200\nSomalia 2,200\nKuwait** 2,100\nPakistan 1,400\nIslamic Rep. of Iran 900\nSyrian Arab Rep. 900\nMorocco 800\nThailand 800\n\n\n\n\n- Excludes appeal/review claims.\n\n\n\n** This figure includes 1,770\nAfghans who will undergo a\npreliminary screening/profiling to\ndetermine whether the members of\nthis group will undergo individual\nrefugee status determination.\n\n\n\n34 Source: Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) Canada.\n\n\n\n_**16**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n_Note: The country of origin is shown if the total number of asylum applications lodged by its citizens exceeded 10,000 during 2008._\n\n\n\nProvisional figures indicate that some 515,800 decisions on individual asylum applications were\nrendered during 2008, a 10 per cent increase as\ncompared to 2007. UNHCR staff adjudicated **Table 5: Substantive decisions taken**\nclose to 47,000, or 9 per cent of the total \u2013 a **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008***\nslightly lower relative share compared to previous State 501,900 426,500 399,000 437,700\nyears. In nine countries, including Ethiopia and UNHCR 60,100 56,400 51,200 46,800\n\nJointly** 5,200 16,800 20,600 31,200\n\nIsrael, more than 31,000 substantive decisions\n\nTotal 567,200 499,700 470,800 515,700\n\nwere taken jointly by UNHCR and the State % UNHCR only 11% 11% 11% 9%\nconcerned. These figures exclude cases which - Incomplete data.\nwere closed for administrative reasons [35] without ** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between\ntaking a decision on the substance. In 2008, close UNHCR and the Government.\nto 148,000 cases were closed without a substantive decision issued to the applicant.\n\nIt is important to note that the 2008 data is still incomplete owing to the fact that a few States\nhave not yet released all their official statistics. As a consequence, the 2008 decision data quoted\nin this report are not fully comparable with previous years.\n\nSome 211,000 asylum-seekers were recognized as refugees (148,200) or given a complementary\nform of protection (62,700) in the course of 2008. This number includes an estimated 5,700 [36]\nindividuals who initially received a negative decision, which was subsequently overturned at the\nappeal or review stage. Instances where the percentage of decisions overturned at the appeal\nstage is particularly high may be an indication of deficiencies in the asylum procedure in some\ncountries.\n\nThe number of positive decisions issued to asylum-seekers has gone up in 2008 across all major\nregions with the exception of Europe. Here, the introduction of stricter asylum policies in a\nnumber of countries may have caused recognition rates to be lower than in previous years\n\n\n\n**Table 5: Substantive decisions taken**\n\n\n\n**2005** **2006** **2007** **2008***\n\n\n\nState 501,900 426,500 399,000 437,700\n\nUNHCR 60,100 56,400 51,200 46,800\n\nJointly** 5,200 16,800 20,600 31,200\n\nTotal 567,200 499,700 470,800 515,700\n% UNHCR only 11% 11% 11% 9%\n\n\n\n\n- Incomplete data.\n\n\n\n** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between\nUNHCR and the Government.\n\n\n\n35 Also labeled as \u201cnon-substantive\u201d decisions which might result from, among others, the death of the applicant, no-show for\ninterview, withdrawal of the application, abandonment of the claim, or the determination that another country is responsible for\nthe claim (\u2018Dublin II\u2019 procedure).\n36 This figure is likely to be substantially higher but a significant number of decisions rendered by States at the appeal or review\nstage of the asylum procedure has not yet been released.\n\n\n_**17**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\ndespite high application numbers. Nevertheless, European countries recognized the highest\nnumber of individual asylum-seekers during the year, followed by African and Asian countries.\n\n\n**Table 6: Positive decisions rendered by region**\n\n\nMyanmar. In Latin America and the\nCaribbean, 9 out of 10 recognitions were\n\n|Col1|No. of positive
decisions|Col3|Change|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Region|2007|2008*|Total|%|\n|Africa
Asia
Europe**
Latin America/ Caribbean
Northern America
Oceania|51,100
34,800
94,000
4,200
23,900
1,800|60,200
38,700
79,900
5,800
24,300
2,000|9,100
3,900
-14,100
1,600
400
200|18%
11%
-15%
38%
2%
11%|\n|Grand Total|209,800|210,900|1,100|1%|\n\n\n\npositive outcomes benefited asylum- ** Despite the fact that some European data are lacking for 2008,\nseekers from China. historical data suggests that the trend is likely to be true.\n\nSome 305,000 claims were rejected on substantive grounds, 43,800 more than the year before.\nThis number includes negative decisions at the first instance which might be appealed. Asylumseekers who appealed a negative decision at first\n\n**Unaccompanied and separated** instance may have been counted twice in this figure.\n**children (UASC) seeking asylum ***\n\nIn 2008, more than 16,300 asylum At the global level, the Refugee Recognition Rate\napplications were lodged by UASC in 68 (RRR) amounted to an estimated 29 per cent of all\ncountries. This constitutes about 4 per cent of decisions taken during 2008 while the Total\nthe total number of asylum claims lodged in Recognition Rate (TRR) was 41 per cent. [37] Both\nthose countries and is the highest value since\n\nvalues are below the corresponding rates in 2007 (32\n\n2006, the first year when UNHCR started\ncollecting global data on UASC seeking per cent for RRR and 45 per cent for TRR). However,\nasylum. In 2007 (11,300 UASC claims in 58 global recognition rates are purely indicative as some\ncountries) and 2006 (9,900 UASC claims in States have not yet reported the relevant data. Also, in\n64 countries) the values were significantly reality the proportion of positive decisions is higher,\nlower. Europe received more than 13,100 or\n\nbecause decisions for those rejected on appeal are\n\n80 per cent of the 16,300 UASC claims. The\nUnited Kingdom registered the highest often counted twice; both as an initial rejection and as\nnumber in Europe with close to 4,000 UASC an appeal rejection.\nclaims, followed by Sweden (1,500), Norway\n(1,400), and Austria (770). Kenya and By the end of the year, more than 827,000 individuals\nMalaysia were important destination\n\nwere still awaiting a decision on their asylum claim\n\ncountries for UASC outside Europe with 990\nand 630 asylum claims respectively. globally. This figure is 12 per cent higher than 2007.\n\nIt includes people at any level of the asylum\n\nThe available information indicates that\n6,000 UASC were recognized as refugees or procedure and the real magnitude of undecided\ngranted a complementary form of protection asylum cases is unknown as many countries were not\nin 2008. This figure is consistent with the able to report this information.\none observed the year earlier. Europe\naccounted for 65 per cent of all positive\n\nAt the end of 2008, the largest number of undecided\n\ndecisions rendered.\n\ncases at the first instance and on appeal was reported\n\n - For additional information, see _2007 Statistical_\n_Yearbook_, pp. 52-53, UNHCR, Geneva. by South Africa (227,000). This figure includes\n\n138,000 undecided cases at the first instance and\n\n\n\n**Table 6: Positive decisions rendered by region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Incomplete data.\n** Despite the fact that some European data are lacking for 2008,\nhistorical data suggests that the trend is likely to be true.\n\n\n\n**Unaccompanied and separated**\n**children (UASC) seeking asylum ***\n\n\n\nIn 2008, more than 16,300 asylum\napplications were lodged by UASC in 68\ncountries. This constitutes about 4 per cent of\nthe total number of asylum claims lodged in\nthose countries and is the highest value since\n2006, the first year when UNHCR started\ncollecting global data on UASC seeking\nasylum. In 2007 (11,300 UASC claims in 58\ncountries) and 2006 (9,900 UASC claims in\n64 countries) the values were significantly\nlower. Europe received more than 13,100 or\n80 per cent of the 16,300 UASC claims. The\nUnited Kingdom registered the highest\nnumber in Europe with close to 4,000 UASC\nclaims, followed by Sweden (1,500), Norway\n(1,400), and Austria (770). Kenya and\nMalaysia were important destination\ncountries for UASC outside Europe with 990\nand 630 asylum claims respectively.\nThe available information indicates that\n6,000 UASC were recognized as refugees or\ngranted a complementary form of protection\nin 2008. This figure is consistent with the\none observed the year earlier. Europe\naccounted for 65 per cent of all positive\ndecisions rendered.\n\n- For additional information, see _2007 Statistical_\n_Yearbook_, pp. 52-53, UNHCR, Geneva.\n\n\n\n37 In the absence of an internationally agreed methodology for calculating recognition rates, UNHCR uses two rates to compute\nthe proportion of refugee claims accepted during the year. The **Refugee Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers\ngranted Convention refugee status by the total number of accepted (Convention and, where relevant, complementary protection)\nand rejected cases. The **Total Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status and\ncomplementary form of protection by the total number of accepted (Convention and, where relevant, complementary protection)\nand rejected cases. Non-substantive decisions are, to the extent possible, excluded from both calculations. For the purpose of\ninternational comparability, UNHCR only uses these two recognition rates and does not report nationally calculated rates.\n\n\n_**18**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n\n89,000 cases which were pending decision at the end of 2007. In the United States of America,\nthe number of pending cases at the end of (its fiscal) year totalled 69,200. Other countries with\nhigh numbers of pending cases included Canada (54,200), Greece (38,100) and Austria (36,700).\n\n### **VII. Internally Displaced Persons**\n\nUNHCR does not have a mandate to protect or assist all conflict-generated IDPs, estimated at\nsome 26 million at the end of 2008. [38] In recent years UNHCR has become increasingly involved\nwith IDPs globally in keeping with the Office\u2019s commitment to the cluster approach introduced\nin January 2006. The number of internally\ndisplaced persons, including people in IDP-like **Fig 9: Conflict-induced internal**\nsituations [39] who benefited from UNHCR\u2019s (Mln.) **displacement, 2001-2008 (end-year)**\n\n28\n\nprotection and assistance activities stood at 14.4\n\n24\n\nmillion at the end of 2008, the highest figure on\n\n20\n\nrecord. This constitutes an increase of more than\n600,000 compared to the previous year (13.7 16\nmillion) and more than double the figure before the 12\nactivation of the cluster approach (6.6 million in 8\n2005). UNHCR offices reported more than 1.1 4\nmillion newly displaced people in 2008, while at least 1.4 million IDPs were able to return home '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\nduring the same period. [40] In all, UNHCR statistics Global number of IDPs (Source: IDMC)\n\nShare of UNHCR in global IDPs\n\ninclude IDP populations in 23 countries.\n\nWith an estimated three million internally displaced persons, Colombia continues to have one of\nthe largest IDP populations in the world. In Iraq, the number of IDPs rose from 2.4 million in\n2007 to more than 2.6 million at the end of 2008. It is estimated that more than 1.4 million Iraqis\nbecame displaced within their country in the past three years alone. Renewed armed conflict in\nthe eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Somalia displaced hundreds of thousands of\npeople. As a consequence, the number of IDPs in both countries increased to 1.5 and 1.3 million\nrespectively, at the end of the year. Kenya also witnessed extensive new internal displacement in\nearly 2008 following the outbreak of post-election violence \u2013 although 346,000 IDPs were able\nto return home in the course of 2008, an estimated 404,000 remained displaced within the\ncountry by the end of the year. Similarly, armed conflict in Georgia forced some 135,000 people\nto flee their homes in 2008; by the end of the year, an estimated 293,000 were considered\ninternally displaced persons in Georgia, including 49,200 people in an IDP-like situation.\n\nSome 603,000 IDPs in Uganda were able to return to their villages in the course of the year,\nreducing the IDP population remaining in camps and transit sites to 853,000. Both IDPs and IDP\nreturnees continue to benefit from UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities under the\ncluster approach. In Sudan, the number of IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR was around 1.2\nmillion by the end of the year. Afghanistan, Pakistan [41], Sri Lanka, and Yemen were among those\ncountries reporting either new situations of internal displacement or significant increases in the\nIDP population during 2008.\n\n\n\n(Mln.)\n\n\n\n**Fig 9: Conflict-induced internal**\n**displacement, 2001-2008 (end-year)**\n\n\n\n28\n\n\n24\n\n\n20\n\n\n16\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n4\n\n\n \n\n\n'01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08\n\n\n\nGlobal number of IDPs (Source: IDMC)\nShare of UNHCR in global IDPs\n\n\n\n38 For detailed statistics on global internal displacement, see the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) website of the\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC) at www.internal-displacement.org.\n39 The IDP-like situations refer to Georgia (49,200) and the Russian Federation (2,000).\n40 In the absence of reliable estimates on newly displaced and returned IDPs during 2008, this figure excludes movements in the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo.\n41 At the time of writing, the number of IDPs in Pakistan had approached the 2 million mark as compared to 156,000 by the end\nof 2008.\n\n\n_**19**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.8386253118515015, - "start": 316, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.529668927192688, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5868468284606934, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2001-2008", - "confidence": 0.8857103586196899, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5989313125610352, - "start": 283, - "end": 284 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\n### **VIII. Stateless persons**\n\nIdentifying stateless persons is key to addressing their problems and is fundamental to the\ndischarge of the responsibility entrusted to UNHCR in regard to stateless persons. This\nresponsibility is not limited to the prevention and reduction of statelessness and the protection of\nstateless persons, but also involves informing the international community of the magnitude of\nthis problem. Measuring statelessness is complicated by the very nature of the phenomenon.\nStateless people often live in a precarious situation on the margins of society, frequently lack\nidentity documentation and are subject to discrimination. Only a few countries have procedures\nin place for the identification and documentation of stateless people which facilitates gathering\nprecise data.\n\nThe statistics in this report only include data on countries for which reliable official statistics or\nestimates of stateless populations are available. Annex table 7 also includes some countries\n(marked with an asterisk) that have significant stateless **Fig 10: Number of countries**\npopulations but for which no reliable figures could be **reporting statistics on**\nprovided, including Cambodia, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, India and **stateless persons**\nIndonesia.\n\nThe data on statelessness in 2008 show a continuation of the\ntrend already observed in previous years of a gradual 58\n\n54\n\nexpansion in coverage and knowledge on stateless persons. 48 49\nBy the end of 2008, statistics on statelessness were available 30\nfor 58 countries, four more than in 2007. This compares to 30\ncountries in 2004, the first year UNHCR started collecting\nstatistics on stateless populations in a more systematic way, 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008\nand reflects the efforts of UNHCR offices to gather better\ndata on statelessness. These efforts were bolstered by an increasing awareness of statelessness in\na number of countries around the world.\n\nFor 2008, the number of identified stateless populations more than doubled to almost 6.6 million.\nThis is not necessarily due to new situations of statelessness but, rather, the result of improved\n\n\n\n**Fig 10: Number of countries**\n**reporting statistics on**\n**stateless persons**\n\n\n\n58\n54\n48 49\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n2004 2005 2006 2007 2008\n\n\n\n_**20**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.5273112058639526, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "identification and documentation of stateless people", - "confidence": 0.6732028126716614, - "start": 124, - "end": 130 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.557152271270752, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6153727769851685, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries", - "confidence": 0.7120376229286194, - "start": 117, - "end": 118 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5768719911575317, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.8622775077819824, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.6175963878631592, - "start": 223, - "end": 226 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7761451601982117, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5049081444740295, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7674668431282043, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.9397103190422058, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting statistics", - "confidence": 0.6851838231086731, - "start": 388, - "end": 390 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.608970046043396, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9563034772872925, - "start": 395, - "end": 397 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2008 Global Trends**\n\n\ndata availability. The majority of this increase was in Thailand which reported significant\nstateless populations for the first time. [42]\n\nUNHCR is not yet in a position to provide comprehensive statistics on the number of stateless\npersons in all countries around the world. As a result, there is a discrepancy between reliable\ncountry-level data reported by UNHCR and the total estimated number of stateless worldwide,\nsome 12 million people. The increase in data coverage means that there will also be a gradual\nnarrowing of this gap.\n\n### **IX. Other groups or people of concern**\n\nUNHCR also extends its protection or assistance activities to individuals whom it considers \u201cof\nconcern\u201d, but who do not fall into any of the above population categories. These activities are\nbased on humanitarian or other special grounds and might, for instance, include asylum-seekers\nwho have been rejected by States, but who are deemed by UNHCR to be in need of international\nprotection. The number of people in these groups more than doubled from 68,600 at the start of\n2008 to almost 167,000 by the end of the year. The increase arose primarily from the inclusion\nof close to 80,000 people in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. These are mostly former\nrefugees or internally displaced persons who have returned home prior to 2008 but are still not\nfully integrated and therefore continue to receive UNHCR assistance.\n\n\n42 There are an estimated 3.5 million stateless persons in Thailand including primarily members of hill tribes and immigrants, and\ntheir descendants, from neighbouring countries. The New Civil Registration Act and the Nationality Act became effective on 24\nAugust 2008. They allow, for the first time, birth registration and certification of all children born in Thailand regardless of the\nstatus of the parents. This will not only help prevent statelessness in the broadest sense but will also benefit children of refugees\nor asylum-seekers born in Thailand.\n\n\n_**21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73888fea-5868-3760-9f0f-c4b9b6988ba9/D55D38D885CE853BC12575D70048C172-UNHCR_Jun2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_31/raw/doc_31_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_31/raw/doc_31_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 348df4bba75b052a4e08ba545c67626e38b983b4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_31/raw/doc_31_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Mapping of Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) in T\u00fcrkiye in 2022-2023**\n\n\n_Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG) published this document to share a summary of the_\n_findings of Mapping of CBIs in T\u00fcrkiye covering relevant cash assistance programmes in 2022 and projects planned_\n_to continue into 2023. It should be noted that the mapping exercise was completed before 6 February 2023_\n_earthquakes in the southeast T\u00fcrkiye affecting the whole country. For this reason, the mapping exercise could not_\n_cover the repercussions of the earthquake relevant to CBIs in T\u00fcrkiye. Considering that the earthquakes have deeply_\n_affected the humanitarian aid context in T\u00fcrkiye in all its aspects including those related to cash assistance_\n_provision, the summary note below is not aimed to be an exhaustive analysis of the current context. Further findings_\n_of the mapping and detailed programme information can be found on the online interactive dashboard, available_\n_[in English.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiODA0ZDMzYzMtY2YzYy00M2JkLWI0NWMtMzQzZDlmZGI3ZTlhIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)_\n\n\n**Purpose:** The objective of this mapping exercise was to better discern the current coverage of CBI\nprogrammes in T\u00fcrkiye for the period of 2022-23 and to identify gaps and areas for further harmonisation\nand improvement by providing the opportunity to conduct sectoral and geographic analyses. Also, its aim is\nto serve as a reference tool based on its being a comprehensive glossary of CBI projects in Turkey and to\nfurther promote CBI mainstreaming in the country through this role.\n\n\n**Methodology:** Based on the evolving conditions and needs, the mapping survey is revised on a yearly basis.\nPartners\u2019 focal points are provided with the relevant trainings on completing the updated surveys who then\nenter their CBI project data on ActivityInfo platform based on which the mapping analyses are constructed.\n\n\n**Overview:** The exercise of _Mapping of CBIs in Turkey in 2022-23_ captured information on **61 programmes by**\n**21 organisations** . There were **12** **nationwide** **programmes** implemented by ASAM, IFRC, IOM, Ministry of\nFamily and Social Services, UNFPA, UNHCR and UNICEF.\n\n\nThrough the remaining programmes with more specific spatial coverage, **30** **provinces** were **directly**\n**targeted** . In general, **coverage in T\u00fcrkiye** mainly concentrates on SET, Ankara and the metropolitan cities of\nMarmara and Aegean provinces.\n\n\nThe number of **cash recipients** for the period of 2022-23 was around **3.5 million** in total. It should be noted\nthat these numbers do not capture unique beneficiary figures as it is possible for one beneficiary to receive\nmore than one cash support in this period.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccording to the **age and gender breakdown** in the\nround of 2022-23, the proportion of women CBI\nbeneficiaries have increased compared to the\nprevious rounds. Programmes targeting adults have\nincreased as well, possibly due to the greater focus\non increasing resilience of vulnerable communities\nthrough targeted economic empowerment\ninterventions in the recent years.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn relation to the **nationality breakdown,** the highest number of beneficiaries are Syrians followed by Iraqis,\nAfghans, host community members and other nationalities as in the previous round. The number of CBI\nbeneficiaries from the host community has increased by around 41% compared to the previous round,\nindicating that the CBI programmes of partners are much more inclusive and conducive for social cohesion in\nline with the principle of leaving no one behind.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online interactive dashboard", - "confidence": 0.5785077810287476, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5734784603118896, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.7719128131866455, - "start": 254, - "end": 255 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022-23", - "confidence": 0.843937873840332, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CBI project data", - "confidence": 0.8416767120361328, - "start": 311, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.8843465447425842, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022-23", - "confidence": 0.8430666923522949, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age and gender breakdown", - "confidence": 0.9333314895629883, - "start": 518, - "end": 522 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Marmara and Aegean provinces", - "confidence": 0.5003764629364014, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022-23", - "confidence": 0.9658671021461487, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6b0e82e-6f29-4afa-9049-58421e23fd95/2022-23_CBI-Mapping-T%C3%BCrkiye_Summary_Note.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Brief Description of CBIs in T\u00fcrkiye:** Based on the **sectoral breakdown** of CBIs in 2022-23, the sector with the\nhighest number of CBI programmes was Protection, followed by Basic Needs and Economic Empowerment.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Financial Overview:** Regarding **types of CBI support, one-off** cash assistance projects accounted for around\n**60%** of all CBI programmes captured in this round of mapping, similar to the previous years. On the other\nhand, **regular** cash assistance schemes also maintained their significance considering that many basic needs\nCBI projects distribute regular cash assistance with ad-hoc top-up payments.\n\n\nWith regards to **duration** of CBI programmes, the majority are year-long projects (approximately **77%** of the\nprojects captured) as in the previous rounds, with some seasonal programmes relating to winterisation\nsupport.\n\n\nThe proportion of **unconditional cash** assistance projects ( **53%** ) has increased compared to the previous\nround when the proportions of unconditional and conditional projects were equal, indicating that there\nseems to be positive trend with regards to greater flexibility through relying more on the agency and\ndiscretion of beneficiaries. Most programmes ( **60%** ) adopted an **unrestricted cash modality** whereas the\nmodality of **12%** and **28%** were partially and totally **restricted**, respectively.\n\n\n**Transfer values** of most projects were identified based on programme-specific calculations ( **62%** ). In addition,\nMinimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) calculations ( **17%** ), market research ( **11%** ) and alignment with the\nassistance provided by the relevant line ministry ( **10%** ) were the other fundamental factors based on which\ntransfer values were determined.\n\n\n**Accountability:** All CBI programmes mapped in the round of 2022-23 have **complaint mechanisms** in place.\n**Complaint channels** include rather common ones like _call lines_ etc. and some less traditional methods such\nas deploying _community focal points_ (28%, 17) who are trusted community members provided with relevant\ntrainings helping organisations get community feedback during the entirety of their CBI projects. In addition,\nit was reported that a significant number of projects incorporate **PSEA mechanisms/safeguards** .\n\n\nCBI programmes mapped ( **70%** ) conduct **post-distribution monitoring (PDM)** ; however, **60%** of these PDMs\nare kept strictly internal. Thus, most of the findings and lessons learnt from these PDMs cannot be shared\nthrough inter-agency and public platforms. Even though most programmes have a functioning **M&E system**\n( **85%** ), considering the importance of this aspect, there is still a rather significant proportion of programmes\n( **15%** ) without such a system in place.\n\n\n**Targeting:** **Decreased/lack of financial capacity to meet basic needs** is the leading vulnerability category\ntargeted by CBI programmes, followed by protection vulnerabilities, vulnerabilities related to dependents\nand employment related vulnerabilities among others. This indicates a significant shift in the pattern of\nvulnerability targeting in the context of CBIs because protection related vulnerabilities were the most\ntargeted in the previous rounds. The ongoing economic challenges in T\u00fcrkiye may have been responsible for\nthis by making basic needs and livelihoods challenges even more visible.\n\n\n**Way-forward:** CBI mapping exercises are planned to continue in the coming implementation period as well.\nA primary objective will be to take stock of 2023 programmes to gauge further details of CBIs in the changing\ncontext in the aftermath of the earthquakes. Additionally, mapping efforts can focus on 2024 plans for CBI\nprogrammes in the context of transition from immediate earthquake response to more mid- to long-term\nresponse with a resilience and sustainability focus.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6b0e82e-6f29-4afa-9049-58421e23fd95/2022-23_CBI-Mapping-T%C3%BCrkiye_Summary_Note.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_310/raw/doc_310_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_310/raw/doc_310_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index df7f87568cb006e2d354ae441d351b08079e1b14..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_310/raw/doc_310_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UNHCR**\n\n## **Preliminary Repatriation and Reintegration Plan for Iraq**\n\n### **United Nations** **High Commissioner for Refugees** **April 2003**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Table of Contents**\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\n**I.** **Overview of Situation and Basic Planning Data**\n\n\n1. The social, economic and political context in Iraq\n\n\n2. Iraqis abroad\n\n\n3. Profile of the Iraqi refugee populations\n\n\n**II.** **Broad Outline of the Return and Reintegration Plan**\n\n\n1. The context for returns\n\n\n2. Planning figures\n\n\n3. Basic assumptions\n\n\n4. Potential complicating factors and vulnerabilities\n\n\n5. Protection benchmarks and activities\n\n\n**III.** **Operational Strategies and Planned Activities**\n\n\nA. Operational strategies and parameters\n\n\nB. Strategic partnerships\n\n\nC. Enhanced presence and staffing\n\n\nD. Planned sectoral activities\n\n\n**IV.** **Annexes**\n\n\n1. Ethno-graphic map\n\n\n2. The UN\u2019s Post Conflict Role for IDPs: some UNHCR reflections\n\n\n3. Sectoral activities and costs\n\n\n4. Budgetary requirements\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nDuring the period leading up to the recent military intervention in Iraq, UNHCR undertook a review of the various\nhumanitarian scenarios which could result from such intervention. Contingency plans and preparedness measures\nfocused on providing protection and relief to a potential refugee outflow. UNHCR also began planning for the\npossibility of a new state of affairs in Iraq that would be conducive to the voluntary repatriation of Iraqi refugees\nalready residing abroad.\n\n\nThe purpose of this Repatriation and Reintegration Plan is to set out the basic planning parameters for a large-scale\nreturn of Iraqi refugees from neighbouring countries and from countries outside the immediate region. It assumes a\nrelatively rapid stabilisation of the security situation in Iraq thereby enabling refugees to return to their homes in\nconditions of safety and dignity. If the prevailing instability in Iraq continues for an extended period of time, the\nimplementation of the present Repatriation and Reintegration Plan may be limited to locations where conditions are\nbelieved to be conducive to sustainable return, and where the operating environment is considered to be safe under\nUN standards. Under such circumstances, the present Plan will be revised accordingly.\n\n\nTo date, there has been no large-scale outflow of refugees as a result of the recent military intervention in Iraq. The\npresent Plan therefore focuses on the pre-war caseload of Iraqi refugees, asylum-seekers and persons in refugee-like\nsituations. However, it does not exclude the possibility that the prevailing instability or new developments might cause\nnew displacements, which will require a further review of the plan.\n\n\nThe Plan does not address the needs of IDPs, as decisions on institutional arrangements for this group in the return\ncontext are still being finalized. UNHCR has emphasized, however, that since many refugees and IDPs originate from\nthe same areas, were forced out of their homes for similar reasons, and are likely to face similar problems upon\nreturn, it may be difficult \u2013if not impossible- to separate the protection and assistance needs of returning refugees\nfrom those of returning IDPs. UNHCR has informed the Secretary General, the Emergency Relief Coordinator and the\nHumanitarian Coordinator for Iraq that it stands ready to take the lead with respect to protection for both returning\nrefugees and returning IDPs, if called upon to do so. This Plan will be further adapted as and when new policy\ndecisions are taken with regard to UNHCR\u2019s involvement with IDPs in the context of return.\n\n### **I. Overview of situation and basic data on populations of concern**\n\n\n**1.** **The Social, Economic and Political Context in Iraq**\n\n\nIraq has a population of 24.5 million persons (UNFPA, February 2003), 50% of whom are under 15 years of age. The\nKurdish population in the north is predominantly rural; the Arabs inhabiting central and southern Iraq are largely\nurban. Iraq used to have a large and educated middle class, and in-spite of three wars and prolonged sanctions, it still\nhas a well-developed infrastructure. Economically, Iraq has vast oil wealth and abundant water resources.\n\n\nIraqi society has continued, however, to suffer serious hardship under the cumulative effects of over 12 years of\ninternational sanctions. In 1990, the per capita income was estimated at US$ 3,500. Recently, it ranged between US$\n583 and US$ 1,100. The Iraqi middle-class, previously dynamic and prosperous, has been reduced to poverty. Iraq is\nbelieved to have the second largest oil reserves in the world (estimated at 112 billion barrels, with 220 billion deemed\nprobable). Before the recent military intervention, oil production was estimated at 2.5 million barrels per day.\nUnemployment is high. The economy is not diversified. Iraq\u2019s position in the UN human development index has fallen\nfrom 76 in 1990 to 127 in 2001.\n\n\nAccording to the World Development Indicators, illiteracy affects 54 per cent of females over 15, and 34 % of males.\nThe health care system is worn down, even more so as a result of the recent war. In 1989 the health budget was of\nUS$ 450 million. In 2002 it was US$ 20 million. The mortality rate of children under 5 is 2.5 times greater than in\n1990, 70% of them dying of intestinal and respiratory diseases. Water and sanitation systems are badly in need of\nrepair, with only 60% of Iraqis enjoying access to potable water. In recent years, about 16 million Iraqis were 100 %\ndependent on government-distributed food rations. Until to the outbreak of war on 20 March 2003, distribution of food\nwas a major logistical operation, but running smoothly through monthly distribution of 60,000 metric tons in the North\nand 350,000 metric tons in the Centre and South. Iraq\u2019s agricultural standing is fragile. In 2000, Iraq imported 3.3\nmillion metric tons of wheat, and produced only 300,000 tons.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Iraqi population is quite diverse in ethnic, religious and linguistic terms. The ethnic composition of the country is\n75-80% Arab, 15-20% Kurdish, and 5% of Turkomen, Assyrian and Armenian origin. With regard to the religious\nbreakdown, the majority are Muslim (60-65% Shia and 32-37% Sunni) and the remaining 3% are Christian, Sabean\nand Yazidi. Of the three largest ethno-sectarian groups, the Arab Shias constitute almost 60%, Arab Sunnis 18% and\nthe Kurds (mostly Sunni and a significant number of Faili Shia) about 20%.\n\n\n_**Arab Sunnis**_\n\n\nArab Sunnis, who inhabit the central and northwestern areas of Iraq, have dominated the Iraqi political apparatus.\nIndeed, the traditional base of government support has been the predominantly Arab Sunni regions of Baghdad, Tikrit,\nMosul and Ramadi. A large number of security services and elite military units were created to shield the leadership\nagainst military coups and to suppress popular uprisings. Today, the Sunni community in Iraq fears to be\neconomically and politically marginalised as a result of the profound changes that are currently taking place in the\ncountry.\n\n\n_**Arab Shias**_\n\n\nThe Arab Shias represent the majority of the Iraqi population and live mainly in the southern governorates and\nBaghdad itself. Dominated by an overwhelmingly Sunni political oligarchy up to the recent overthrow of the Baath\nregime, historically, the Shia community has been excluded from the circles of power, received very little dividends\nfrom the country\u2019s oil wealth and has been the target of several brutal interventions by the regime\u2019s security\napparatus. Contrary to popular belief, the majority of Arab Shias do not desire the creation of a separate Shia state in\nsouthern Iraq nor do they support the emergence of a government in Baghdad that is subservient to Iran. Throughout\nmodern Iraqi history, the Arab Shias composed the backbone of volunteers and conscripts who fought to defend their\nhomeland, even in the eight-year-long conflict against Shiaa Iran (1980-1988). In the final analysis, most Arab Shias\nlong for the establishment of a new political order in Iraq which would be representative of Iraq\u2019s ethno-sectarian\ncomposition and would give them a strong voice in shaping the country\u2019s future.\n\n\n_**Kurdish Iraqis**_\n\n\nThe relationship between the Iraqi government seated in Baghdad and the non-Arab Kurdish minority in the north has\ngenerally been tense and marked by recurrent disputes and uprisings against the central regime, as well as intraKurdish feuding, punctuated by brief periods of peace and reconciliation. Since the Iraqi Ba\u2019ath Party\u2019s seizure of\npower in 1968, the Kurdish population has experienced a great deal of suffering and destruction. Following the 1991\nGulf war, the creation of the \u201csafe haven\u201d by Coalition Forces in northern Iraq and the subsequent withdrawal of the\nIraqi government\u2019s presence from the region, the three Kurdish governorates were transformed into a _de facto_\nautonomous zone. Over the past twelve years, the Iraqi Kurds have been able to achieve a noticeable degree of selfrule and assert their identity. Furthermore, the Kurdish region benefited from 13% of the oil revenues generated by\nthe UN-sponsored Oil-For-Food programme. When a new political order emerges in Iraq, the Kurds are unlikely to\nrelinquish the gains of autonomy they have made to date or accept a smaller portion of the country\u2019s wealth. Any\ndevelopments which detract from such \u201cacquis\" would create tensions and potentially deteriorate into a civil conflict.\n\n\n(See **Annex 1** illustrating the ethnic distribution of the Iraqi population.\n\n\n**2. Iraqis Abroad**\n\n\nFor more than two decades now, Iraqis have constituted one of the largest refugee groups in the world. They have\nalso composed one of the largest groups of asylum seekers in Europe. Historically, there have been two major waves\nof refugees from Iraq over the past quarter century. The first wave took place in the early 1980s prior to and following\nthe outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war and the second as a result of the violent reaction of the Iraqi regime to the popular\nuprisings subsequent to the Second Gulf conflict in 1991. A third category consists of persons fleeing over the past\nfew years out of fear of persecution and human rights abuses. Many of these different categories were granted\nasylum, while others, unable to return or otherwise facing compelling humanitarian circumstances, were allowed to\nremain in their respective asylum countries under various protection or humanitarian arrangements, or are still under\nrefugee status determination processes. Moreover, a large number of Iraqis, while not necessarily in need of\ninternational protection under the terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, were forced to leave their country as a\nresult of the acute economic crisis and prolonged hardship prevailing in Iraq and found themselves abroad,\nundocumented, without a legal status, and in vulnerable conditions.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The exact extent of the Iraqi exodus remains unknown to this day. The official figures of the number of Iraqi refugees\navailable to UNHCR and other organisations are believed to be lower than the real figures, as many Iraqi refugees\nhave not contacted the authorities in some countries for fear of being deported back to Iraq. It has been estimated\nthat up to 4 million Iraqis are scattered throughout the world. This figure, however, does not refer to refugees or\nasylum-seekers per se. It comprises all Iraqis who left their country for various reasons as well as those directly\naffected by the situation in the country over the last two and half decades. It includes persons who were forced to flee\nthe two Gulf conflicts of 1980 and 1991, those expelled from Iraq, those who disappeared or were taken as POWs,\nthose who became refugees and asylum-seekers, as well as Iraqis forced out of their homeland as a result of the\nmarked deterioration of the socio-economic conditions in the country. This document will, therefore, be based on the\nrefugee figures available to UNHCR and/or provided by governments of asylum countries, and which include the\nabove-mentioned categories.\n\n\n**i.** **Refugees**\n\n\nThe total number of Iraqi refugees in the world is estimated at some 400,000 persons spread over more than 40\ncountries. Nearly 50% of these refugees are in the Islamic Republic of Iran (204,000 persons). Germany (50,900), the\nNetherlands (26,078), Sweden (25,889) and the USA (19,077) have also provided refuge to large numbers of Iraqis.\nThese figures include Iraqis who were granted Convention refugee status, both individually and on _prima facie_ basis,\nand those who were allowed to remain for humanitarian reasons, as well as those who were resettled through\nUNHCR\u2019s channels.\n\n\n**ii. Asylum-Seekers**\n\n\nAccording to the most recent statistics available to UNHCR, pending asylum applications submitted by Iraqis in\nindustrialised countries as well as in the countries of the immediate region comprise 84,000 persons, including over\n10,000 in Germany, 14,945 cases in the UK and 5,447 persons in Sweden. In countries neighbouring Iraq, such as\nJordan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen and Lebanon, UNHCR is dealing with a limited number of Iraqi asylum-seekers, most\nof whom would probably be willing to return once the situation in Iraq improves politically.\n\n\n**iii. Iraqis in Refugee-Like Situations** :\n\n\nAs stated above, there are Iraqis who are without any status, including rejected asylum applicants, living mostly in\nneighbouring countries, particularly in Jordan and Syria, but also in the KSA, Yemen, Kuwait, the UAE, Libya, and\nLebanon, who were unable to return to Iraq for various reasons. Their total number is estimated at 450,000 persons.\n\n\n**3. Profile of the Iraqi Refugee Populations**\n\n\n**Iraqis in Iran**\n\n\nIraqis are the second largest refugee community in Iran after the Afghans. They fled to Iran in different waves during\nthe past quarter century. They consist of three categories:\n\n\ni. Iraqi Kurds, largely Sunnis, from the northern Iraqi provinces who fled to Iran following the Anfal campaign\n(i.e. the chemical bombardment on Halabja) in 1988 and as a result of the internal disturbances following the\nSecond Gulf war.\n\n\nii. Iraqi Shiaa, including Kurds (Faili) who were stripped of their Iraqi citizenship (due to their Iranian roots,\nalthough they had been in Iraq for generations) before being expelled to Iran in the 1970s and later in the\n1980s for alleged collaboration with the Iranian government during the Iraq-Iran conflict.\n\n\niii. Arabs, mostly Shias, from the central and southern provinces of Iraq who entered Iran in waves during the\nIran-Iraq war and following the violent reaction of the regime to the uprisings subsequent to the liberation of\nKuwait in early 1991.\n\n\nA total of around 204,000 Iraqi refugees were registered early 2001 by the government of Iran. More than 90% of\nthem are living in the 10 Western provinces. According to recent official figures, just under 46,000 Iraqis are\nliving in 22 government administered refugee camps, the majority of which are located in the border provinces of\nWest Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Khuzestan and the adjacent provinces of Fars and Lorestan. Many\nFaili Kurds remain stateless and their situation will need to be addressed in the event of return to Iraq.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Iraqis in Jordan**\n\n\nIn addition to some 5,000 individuals who are currently registered with UNHCR or are being considered for refugee\nstatus as mandate refugees, Jordan has been the main gateway for Iraqis leaving their country for fear of persecution\nand/or due to the deterioration of socio-economic conditions over the past 12 years. This concerns some 300,000\npersons presently residing in Jordan, working as unskilled labourers and, although largely tolerated by the authorities\nof Jordan, the majority of them remain in illegal situations. Given the often mixed reasons for their departure from Iraq,\ntheir vulnerable condition, as well as the significant burden they represent to the host country, they are included in the\nrepatriation plan. Over 80% of Iraqis in Jordan are Arab Shia originating from the southern provinces of Iraq, while\nmost of the others come from Baghdad.\n\n\n**Iraqis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)**\n\n\nSaudi Arabia hosts about 17,000 Arab Shia Iraqis who fled their country during the first Gulf war (1980\u20131988) and are\nscattered in urban centres in the eastern provinces of the Kingdom, enjoying _de facto_ refugee status. Additionally, a\nresidual caseload of 5,200 refugees in the Rafha camp remain from an original figure of 33,000 Iraqis who fled in the\naftermath of the second Gulf conflict and the uprising inside Iraq. The overwhelming majority of this group is of Arab\nShia background from the southern governorates of Iraq. The Iraqis living in Rafha have been enduring difficult\nconditions in this isolated camp since 1991 and feel abandoned by the international community. They might well be\namong the first groups to avail themselves of the repatriation solution in the event of positive political change in Iraq.\n\n\n**Iraqis in Syria**\n\n\nThe Iraqi refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic are mostly of Arab ethnicity, 70% are Shias originating from the\nsouthern part of Iraq, around 15% are Sunnis and the remainder are Kurds, Assyrians from Baghdad and Basrah,\nTurkomen from the Khanaquin region and Yazidis from the Sinjar area. Some 2,400 Iraqis have been granted or are\nbeing considered for refugee status by UNHCR. Furthermore, there are around 60,000-70,000 Iraqis who have never\napproached UNHCR or have been denied refugee status through the UNHCR refugee status determination process\nand continue to reside illegally in the country, tolerated by the Syrian authorities. Most Iraqis in Syria are\nconcentrated in the Saida Zeineb quarter in Damascus located near prominent Shia shrines.\n\n\n**Iraqis in other Arab countries**\n\n\nMany other Arab countries, such as Kuwait, Yemen, UAE and Lebanon, host large numbers of Iraqis who are in\nrefugee-like situations and who so far were unable to return in view of the insecurity and poor conditions in their\ncountry.\n\n\n**Iraqis in Industrialised countries**\n\n\nApproximately 225,000 Iraqi refugees and asylum seekers are being provided protection in European countries. Over\n50,000 asylum applications were lodged during the year 2002 alone. Germany currently hosts the highest number of\nIraqis with 50,900 refugees (as of end-2001) and 10,000 asylum seekers. The Netherlands hosts the second largest\nIraqi refugee and asylum seeker population with 38,532 persons. The third largest number of Iraqi refugees is staying\nin the United Kingdom, where 11,955 refugees and 14,945 asylum cases still being reviewed. Sweden, Denmark and\nNorway also host considerable groups of Iraqis.\n\n\nEuropean governments do not collate and publish detailed demographic data of refugee and asylum seeking\npopulations in their countries, very little general information is available concerning their profiles. Specific information,\nhowever, exists about Iraqi populations in Germany and the Netherlands, indicating a fairly equal proportion of Kurds\noriginating from the northern region and Arabs originating from the central and southern regions. All faiths are\nrepresented and education levels are varied.\n\n\nWhereas the percentage of asylum applications among Kurds in northern Iraq amounted to approximately 70% in the\nearly 1990s in Germany, this number has been steadily decreasing since then. The majority of Iraqi asylum seekers\nnow claim to originate from government-controlled areas, i.e. central and southern Iraq and are of Arab origin. Most\nnew asylum applicants in 2002 were Sunnis and the main regions of origin were Suleimaniyah, Mosul, Ninive, AtTamin and Baghdad.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The table below provides overall indications on the existing Iraqi refugee caseload and their geographic distribution in\nthe Middle East and beyond. It also indicates the need for UNHCR to further collect information on the profile of the\nfuture returnees as well as their intended areas of return so as to better direct its reintegration activities in Iraq:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PROFILE OF CURRENT CASELOAD (around 930,000 persons)|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Country of Asylum**|**Current locations**|**Data Source**|** Areas of origin**|\n|
**IRAN**

**(204,000)**|22 camps situated along Iran/Iraq
border|2001 Government census|Two main sub-groups:

Kurds mainly from Erbil and
Sulymania (20 %)

Arabs from the Central and
Southern Region (80 %)|\n|
**IRAN**

**(204,000)**|Spontaneously settled refugees
mainly in Urban areas notably in
Teheran and Qom.|2001 Government census|2001 Government census|\n|||||\n|**JORDAN**

**(300,000)**
|Spontaneously settled refugees and
asylum seekers mainly in urban areas|UNHCR Country Operation Plan
2001-2003|Some 80% of the Iraqi refugees,
asylum seekers and others
spontaneously settled in Jordan
originate from the Central or
Southern regions of Iraq. The
areas of origin of the remaining
20% are widespread throughout
Iraq.|\n|**JORDAN**

**(300,000)**
|Spontaneously settled persons RSD-
rejected or not registered with
UNHCR in urban areas|||\n|||||\n|**OTHER COUN-**
**TRIES IN THE**
**REGION (Kuwait,**
**Lebanon, Libya,**
**Saudi Arabia, Syria,**
**UAE, Yemen, etc.)**

**(165,000)**|Spontaneously settled refugees
mainly in urban areas
(Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, etc.)


Other unregistered refugees mainly in
urban areas

Residual caseload in Saudi Arabia
(Rafha camp \u2013 5,000)|UNHCR Country Operation Plans
2001-2003|Most of these refugees (65%)
originate from the central and
southern regions and the
remainder (35%) from the
northern provinces of Iraq.
|\n|||||\n|**OTHER COUN-**
**TRIES**
**(261,000)**
|183,000 refugees and 78,000 asylum
seekers in industrialised countries||The area of origin of these
refugees and asylum seekers is not
known precisely.|\n\n### **II. Broad Outline of the Return Plan**\n\n**1. The context for returns**\n\n\n\nThe repatriation and reintegration of Iraqi refugee populations will represent one of the major challenges facing the\npost-conflict governing structures in Iraq, as well as facing the international community. If the Iraqi people\ndemonstrate a commitment to heal the ethno-political problems behind the current displacements, returns will\ncontribute to the momentum necessary for the country\u2019s future reconciliation and stability.\n\n\nThis Plan does not attempt to speculate about the possible nature of post-conflict governing structures in Iraq. It\nsimply addresses the issues that will need to be considered in the event that political changes in Iraq create an\nenvironment which is conducive to the voluntary return of refugees in a safe and dignified manner.\n\n\nIt is recognised, however, that the sustainability of returns, will depend on several factors, including the ability of the\nleadership in Iraq to muster broad internal and external support, to maintain the territorial integrity of Iraq, to establish\na more representative political system and to defuse potential conflicts between religious and ethnic groups. It will\nalso depend on the scope of the institutional reforms undertaken, the integration of existing institutions - particularly\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the army - in the reform process, the demobilisation of paramilitary groups, the resumption of law and order, and\nredress mechanisms for past human rights violations. Security and reconciliation, therefore, will require substantive\njudicial and legal reforms that restore the confidence of the population in government.\n\n\nIt is also recognized that repatriation and reintegration cannot be treated in isolation from the overall socio-economic\nconditions. Economic recovery will be a key factor in the initiation, implementation and sustainability of return and\nreintegration.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s first priority in the post-conflict phase will be to determine whether the conditions have become conducive\nto the safe and dignified return of refugees. To this end, UNHCR will also establish dialogue with the refugee\npopulations on return and strengthen the exchange of information between its offices in the country of origin and in\nthe country of asylum regarding both the conditions in the areas of return, as well as the situation of individual\nreturnees with special needs. The Office could also arrange cross-border visits involving local authorities, returnee\nrepresentatives and UNHCR staff to provide the concerned populations with first hand information on the situation in\nIraq.\n\n\nFurther information on the socio-economic profile of the future returnees and their intended areas of returns is still\nneeded for a better direction of the repatriation and reintegration activities. UNHCR will contemplate all avenues to\naddress these information gaps and carry out a better profiling of the intending returnees, including through the\nplanned registration exercise.\n\n\nFurthermore, UNHCR will need to seek formal arrangements with the authorities in Iraq for the voluntary return of\nIraqi refugees to their destination of choice. These arrangements should provide UNHCR with assurances regarding\nthe freedom to operate within the country, unhindered access of all returnees to UNHCR, and exemption from\ncustoms duties on returnees\u2019 personal properties.\n\n\nThe Plan targets the pre-war Iraqi refugees whose repatriation will be implemented under UNHCR\u2019s mandate /\nresponsibility. As stated previously, however, many refugees and IDPs originate from the same areas, and even\nwhere they do not, they are likely to face similar problems. It should be recalled that, unlike the internal displacement\ncreated by the recent military intervention, the old caseload of IDPs in Iraq is a complex one as it related to\nfundamental political, ethnical and human rights issues resulting from the policies practiced during the Saddam\nHussein era. Its resolution goes beyond the mere return of the IDPs to their homes and will require redress of major\ninjustices suffered by the affected population, including loss of property and violation of other basic rights. Recent\nreports on the eviction of Arabs from the homes they occupy in the Kirkuk and Mosul areas are illustrative of the\nunderlying complexities of the above problems.\n\n\nRemedial action for the pre-war caseload of IDPs will require the determination and openness of the authorities in Iraq\nas well as a solid collaborative UN approach. Under the overall coordination of the Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq,\nsuch an approach would enable a consistent and holistic approach to IDP and refugee return issues and ensure\nbetter sharing of tasks, in particular in the areas of protection monitoring, inter-community confidence building, legal\nadvice and facilitating solutions, in respect of returning IDPs and repatriating refugees. [See UNHCR\u2019s proposed\nmodel on this issue in **Annex 2 \u201cThe UN\u2019s Post-Conflict Role for IDPs in Iraq: Some UNHCR Reflections\u201d.]**\n\n\n**2. Planning figures:**\n\n\nFollowing years of war and deprivation, Iraqis at all levels of society are desperate for a return to normality. Many\namong the forcibly displaced Iraqis, those living in the immediate region in particular, are expected to return over a\nrelatively short period of time, including in a spontaneous manner. Those living further afield might need more time,\nand perhaps more incentives, before they decide to repatriate.\n\n\nOf the **212,000** Iraqi refugees living in the immediate region, it is estimated that **75-80%** will return (i.e. an\napproximate total **of 165,000 persons).**\n\n\nOf the **183,000** Iraqi refugees living in industrialised countries, the majority are well integrated in the host society and\nmay be reluctant to repatriate to Iraq. For the purpose of this planning exercise, it will be assumed that only around\n**20%** of them will require some form of support from UNHCR to repatriate to Iraq (i.e **. 35,000** persons)\n\n\nOf the **84,000** Iraqi asylum-seekers, it will be assumed that, following political change in Iraq, around **75%** of them will\nbe willing or otherwise compelled by their respective host countries to repatriate **(i.e. around 60,000 persons).**\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Of the approximately **450,000** Iraqis in refugee-like situations (most of whom are in Jordan and Syria), it is estimated\nthat about **50 to 60%** would voluntarily return **(i.e. some 240,000 persons** ).\n\n\n_**Summary of Planning figures for the pre-war caseload of refugees**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Present Location|Existing Caseload|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Present Location**|**Refugees**|**Asylum-Seekers**|**In refugee-like**
**situations**|\n|**Countries Neighbouring Iraq**
**and in the region**|212,989|5,439|450,000
|\n|**Europe**
|147,937|77,155|_|\n|**Other Industrialised Countries**

|35,918|1,515|_
|\n|**Total**|396,844|84,109|450,000
|\n|**Estimated Number of**
**Returnees**|200,000|60,000|240,000|\n|**Global Figure**|**500,000**|**500,000**|**500,000**|\n\n\n**3. Basic Assumptions**\n\n\nFor the purpose of this Plan, the return and reintegration operations will be based on the following assumptions:\n\n\n - Some persons may wish to return before a minimum of security conditions are fulfilled;\n\n\n - A minimum threshold of security and stability will be needed before UNHCR can facilitate returns through\norganized movements;\n\n\n - When the situation in Iraq is fully conducive to return and all protection benchmarks listed below are fully\nmet, UNHCR may promote organized returns;\n\n\n - Arrangements will be made to ensure that the assistance needs of those Iraqis who have until now been\ndependent on the Oil-for-Food Programme are met;\n\n\n - Efforts will be underway to rapidly revive the Iraqi economy, paving the way for rehabilitation and\nreconstruction;\n\n\n - There is no solid NGO tradition in Iraq. UNHCR\u2019s activities, therefore, will need to include capacity building of\nlocal institutions concerned with meeting the specific needs of returning refugees;\n\n - With the exception of Kurdish Iraqi refugees mostly of rural background, the majority of Iraqi Arab refugees\nare of urban background. The return/reintegration package should, therefore, be tailored to the actual needs\nof the returnees and their socio-economic background.\n\n - Approximately 1/3 of the caseload in question will return to rural areas and 2/3 to urban areas;\n\n - While some spontaneous returns can be expected, the repatriation of most refugees is likely to be\nprotracted. A significant number of Iraqis have lived in exile for some 10-20 years and their return will need\nto be accompanied by important measures of legal redress and confidence-building, and will require\ncontinuous UNHCR protection monitoring;\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - It is likely that considerable pressure will be exerted on UNHCR by countries of asylum, to move quickly\ntowards promoting the repatriation of Iraqi refugees, including those benefiting from complementary forms of\nprotection, temporary protection, asylum seekers and rejected asylum seekers;\n\n - In order to carry out its protection mandate, UNHCR will increase its presence in the country and establish\nsub-offices/field offices as well as mobile monitoring teams in the north, center and south of the country.\n\n\n**4. Potential Complicating Factors and Vulnerabilities**\n\nFollowing years of wars, repression and economic sanctions in Iraq, the creation of conditions conducive for\nreconciliation and recovery will be a long and difficult process and is expected to face a number of complicating\nfactors. UNHCR\u2019s return plan for Iraqi refugees should also be seen in the context of uncertainty in regard to the\nextent of damage caused by the current war, future governing structures and inter-ethnic relations. Potential\ncomplicating factors include the following:\n\n - Return movements may be delayed due to the existence of mines and the need for their clearance,\nparticularly in border areas. It is estimated that approx. 8 million mines are strewn through northern Iraq;\n\n\n - Large-scale destruction of basic infrastructure, including water and electricity works during and after the\nmilitary intervention;\n\n\n - Inadequate provision of medical assistance due to looting and non-availability of medical supplies;\n\n\n - Breakdown of Oil-for-Food Programme distribution system;\n\n\n - Lack of central governing authority including police forces and judiciary resulting in a breakdown of law and\norder;\n\n\n - Destruction of documents and records of citizenship, residence registration, births, deaths, etc.;\n\n\n - Substantial number of persons expelled from Iraq during previous three decades in a stateless-like situation;\n\n\n - Fragile ethnic and religious balance. A less then well-balanced power-sharing arrangement or discriminatory\ndecision-making may lead to the creation of pockets of instability, thereby negatively affecting security\nconditions and consequently the return process.\n\n\n - Former regime followers/sympathizers, losing their privileges, may seek to perpetuate tension and instability.\n\n\n**5. Protection Benchmarks and Activities for Voluntary return**\n\n\nIt should be noted that creating conditions conducive to return remains a fundamentally political process, stretching\nwell beyond UNHCR\u2019s exclusive capacity and that the governing structures in Iraq will be responsible for creating a\nsecure environment for the repatriation of refugees. The commencement and scope of refugee return is thus\nprimarily dependent on the presence of effective national protection in Iraq.\n\n\nUNHCR will support return when the following basic principles are met:\n\n\n- Return is voluntary;\n\n\n- Return can be effected in safety and dignity;\n\n\n- The special protection needs of vulnerable persons are met;\n\n\n- UNHCR enjoys unhindered access to returnees at all stages of the return process.\n\n\n**Physical safety** of returnees must be assured by the authorities in Iraq and includes the end of violence and\ninsecurity and the establishment of operational law enforcement institutions;\n\n**Material safety** includes access to means of survival and basic services in the early phases of return, such as\npotable water, food and basic health services. This should be followed by measures to underpin sustainable\nreintegration.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Legal Safety** relates to redress for human rights violations, non-discrimination and unhindered access to justice.\n\n\nThese benchmarks will be used to determine when UNHCR will promote an organised return of refugees to Iraq.\n\n\nHowever, some Iraqis may expressly wish to return prior to these conditions being fully met and approach UNHCR for\nassistance. When minimum security conditions are met and UNHCR is present in Iraq, the Office will facilitate the\nrepatriation and provide refugees with basic assistance and reintegration package. UNHCR should also provide\navailable information on the conditions in Iraq and confirm the voluntary and informed character of the decision to\nreturn.\n\n\n**UNHCR protection initiatives for the organization of return in countries of asylum**\n\n\n- Ensure voluntariness of return. Iraqis wishing to return should be interviewed, preferably both men and women,\nto assess that their decision to return is reached free of coercion and taking into consideration other protection\nalternatives;\n\n\n- Ensure decision to return is well-informed, particularly as to conditions of security, shelter, health care and food,\nas well as the extent of international assistance available;\n\n\n- Collate information from potential returnees concerning their places of origin for planning purposes through\ncontacts with refugee groups, community leaders, women\u2019s representatives etc.;\n\n\n- Facilitate travel documents, including transit visas, for Iraqis not in possession of requisite documents ;\n\n\n- Register intending returnees using voluntary repatriation forms. These forms can additionally be used as\ntemporary identification documents for Iraqis in country of origin and should be provided to each adult refugee;\n\n\n- Identify individuals with special protection needs that will require appropriate follow-up on arrival in Iraq; take into\naccount special needs of refugee women and children;\n\n\n- Consult with governments of countries of asylum in due course to pursue legal arrangements, i.e. tripartite\nagreements, for the return of Iraqis. UNHCR will also issue guidelines on the continuing and/or new protection\nneeds of Iraqi populations abroad;\n\n\n- In the context of the European Union, UNHCR will pursue an EU-wide agreement for organised return to ensure\nconsistency of implementation. With regard to return frameworks with non-EU countries, arrangements may be\nnegotiated with individual governments;\n\n\n- Encourage industrialized countries of asylum to develop incentive and support programmes for needy returning\nIraqis;\n\n\n- Prevent forced return of Iraqis abroad who may still be in need of international protection. For this purpose,\nrefugee status determination should be conducted as required.\n\n\n**UNHCR protection activities in Iraq**\n\n\n - Establish an effective border monitoring system to assess conditions in areas of return. UNHCR staff should\nbe present in Iraq and have unhindered access to returnees and gather information that can be used to\nintervene with the authorities in individual cases and to regularly evaluate the situation upon return;\n\n\n - Set up adequate reception arrangements; although UNHCR will encourage return to places of origin or\nhabitual residence, this might not be possible in all situations where properties might have been destroyed or\nare occupied, This might be particularly the case for populations which were forcibly displaced in past\ndecades;\n\n\n - Identify the most vulnerable amongst the returnees such as unaccompanied minors, single female heads of\nhousehold, the elderly, the disabled, as well as separated families, and address their needs with special\nmeasures. Identification should be done preferably at the phase of registration for repatriation in country of\nasylum and be followed-up on after return;\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Promote and support reintegration schemes such as income generating packages, shelter assistance and\nother interventions, as required, targeting the most vulnerable among the returnees;\n\n\n - Register returnees, and where feasible, provide each UNHCR assisted returnee with an identification\ndocument in close coordination with the local authorities; UNHCR certified Vol-Rep forms may initially be\nused as identification documents;\n\n\n - Negotiate with local authorities to clarify any gaps in existing legal framework for the issuance of any official\ndocuments including identification documents, residence registration, marriage, divorce, birth, adoption and\ndeath certificates. Some persons will have difficulties demonstrating a clear legal status due to forced\nchanges in names, lack of registration of births and marriages, loss of documentation, and possible\ndestruction of registries including as a result of war. Recognition should be accorded to academic and\nvocational skills, diplomas and certificates obtained by refugees while in exile.\n\n\n - Pursue amnesties to exempt Iraqi returnees from discrimination or punishment on the basis of having fled to\navoid conscription, of having deserted, or having engaged in opposition activities against the previous\ngovernment. As a minimum UNHCR should receive assurances from the authorities in Iraq that refugees can\nreturn without fear of reprisals;\n\n\n - Provide support to those authorities involved in resolution of claims relating to the restitution of private\nproperty. UNHCR will also seek to ensure that such efforts include the provision of adequate alternative\nhousing for secondary occupants, who may themselves become displaced upon the lawful owners\u2019 reoccupancy of their propoerty;\n\n\n - Facilitate the process of capacity building of local partners and institutions. Co-operate with the local\nauthorities and institutions to ensure the full implementation of legislation pertaining to refugees\u2019 rights and\ndevelop relevant legislation where necessary to address returnees \u2018 immediate needs and promote reintegration. Assistance can include training programmes for local judges and lawyers and modest material\nsupport for building administrative and judicial structures. UNHCR support and expertise may also be\nprovided through legal advice centers to ensure that Iraqi returnees have access to effective recourse in\ncase of problems upon their return;\n\n\n - Engage in joint planning of relief, recovery and reconstruction programs/funds/agencies to create conditions\nconducive to national reconciliation and development and to ensure that assistance to returnees and longer\nterm reintegration needs are included in relevant programs;\n\n\n - Ensure sustainability of returns by identifying conditions that may cause displacement or refugee flows, and\naddress issues of sustainability with other concerned actors. Research issues such as the situation of loss of\ncitizenship, lack of documentation, loss of property, inter-ethnic tension, presence of mines.\n\n\n - Address the issue of statelessness. Questions concerning nationality are likely to underlie key legal\ndevelopments in post-war Iraq. Certain groups, such as the Faili Kurds and some Shia Arabs, were\n\u201cdenaturalized\u201d, with large numbers of persons deported by the Iraqi regime during the 1970s and 1980s.\nMuch of the Bidoun population in Iraq is either stateless or in a situation of disputed nationality status. It will\nbe imperative that all efforts are made to ensure there is no exclusion from legal identity leading to or\nperpetuating statelessness in a newly constituted Iraq.\n\n\n - Follow-up and intervene on reports of human rights violations affecting returnees and advocate against and\npublicly condemn acts of retribution and other forms of abuse.\n\n\n - Continue providing protection and care to the third country refugees in Iraq, mainly Iranians, Turks and\nPalestinians, with particular focus on those living in camps.\n\n### **III. OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES**\n\n\nThe complex and challenging tasks outlined above will involve integrated and sustained action by the international\ncommunity. Re-establishing law and order, taking immediate and effective steps towards national reconciliation and\nbridging the gap between emergency relief and longer-term development will be key priorities. The post-war\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "authorities in Iraq will be confronted by a series of competing needs and strategic choices, which, despite the\ncountry\u2019s wealth, will need to be prioritised and implemented so as to favour co-existence.\n\n\nMoreover, the post-conflict situation in Iraq is expected to involve scores of humanitarian, political and military actors\nand a network of bilateral and multilateral level agreements.\n\n\nIn this context, and within its 4Rs programming concept (Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation and\nReconstruction), it is essential for UNHCR to:\n\n\ni) integrate its return and initial reinsertion plans with those of other actors;\n\n\nii) ensure that the needs of returnees are incorporated in the transition, recovery and development plans;\n\n\niii) develop partnerships with relevant local institutions, UN agencies, NGOs and other bilateral and\nmultilateral bodies; and, most importantly\n\n\niv) encourage the local authorities to take ownership of the return, reintegration, rehabilitation and\nreconstruction plans and activities.\n\n\n**A. Operational Strategies and Parameters**\n\n\nReturns and reintegration will be facilitated when **functioning governing structures are in place and when an**\n**acceptable level of security is assured.** The immediate security needs in a post conflict situation cannot be\nunderestimated and would be a major preoccupation of the administration in place.\n\nFurthermore, monitoring mobile teams, Refugee Registration Centres and Transit Centres will be constituted to\nensure the monitoring of the border and areas of return as well as the reception/registration of returning refugees.\n\n\nIn view of the long stay abroad of the refugees as well as the destruction of civil registries, **the registration of**\n**returning refugees and the provision of identification documents** to the returnees will be a key protection tool. In\nthe same context, before registering refugees for return, UNHCR should make a reasonable presumption and have\nenough assurances that the applicant for return is an Iraqi national to avoid future complications with the Iraqi\nauthorities.\n\n\nFurthermore, contacts will be established with the refugee representatives/communities to **provide the future**\n**returnees with information on the conditions in Iraq**, including on possible zones of complexity, and to\ndisseminate UNHCR\u2019s repatriation plans and the way they will be conducted. Following these general information\nsessions with refugees and their representatives, UNHCR will put in place the necessary mechanisms for the\nregistration of the intending returnees, the practical arrangements for the implementation of the repatriation\nmovement, including agreements with partners for transportation and distribution of assistance and monitoring of the\nreturn movements.\n\n\n**The scope of UNHCR involvement will be providing overall protection and monitoring, and minimal basic**\n**assistance where necessary** . The protection/monitoring component as well as activities aiming at building the\ncapacity of the local authorities will be predominant elements and key added value in UNHCR's intervention. Material\nassistance will be provided to returnees according to available means and when it may provide additional momentum\nto the peace and reconciliation process.\n\n\nPrior to the implementation of return movements, **UNHCR should negotiate arrangements** with the governing\nstructures in Iraq with regard to admission at border points, identification documents, safe passage and security of the\nreturnees.\n\n\n**UNHCR will avoid creating parallel relief/assistance mechanisms or standards**, and will work within the relief,\nrecovery and reconstruction framework along with the local authorities, focusing on a potentially rapid re-functioning\ncivil administration and reinforcing indigenous capacity.\n\n\nIt is also expected that **the return and reintegration of the old caseload of refugees is likely to be a protracted**\n**process.** The present Return and Reintegration Plan covers a period of 8 months (1 May \u2013 31 December 2003) for\nbudgetary purposes. However, the plan will be updated regularly as the situation develops. In view of the rapidly\nchanging situation, and in order to secure the financial requirements of the Return Plan at a time when UNHCR is\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collecting funding for a still potential emergency, **a dual purpose funding approach** **will be adopted** . It would\nconsist in informing donor countries that contributions and, to a certain extent, procurements (NFIs as well as\nequipment) and other preparedness arrangements made for a potential outflow of refugees could, in case no longer\nneeded for dealing with an outflow of refugees, be used to cover the needs of the Return Plan.\n\n\nField offices in countries in the region will establish their respective repatriation-reintegration plans taking into\nconsideration the specificities of each caseload and the working environment in each country. These **country**\n**specific plans** should, however, be in full conformity with the present Plan which represents the global framework of\nthe UNHCR repatriation operation. This is particularly important as regards the protection/security benchmarks, the\nassistance package and staffing requirements.\n\n\n**The repatriation-reintegration package** will include registration and provision of IDs, transportation (or cash for\ntransportation not exceeding US $30 per person), repatriation grant of US $30 per person, income generating\nassistance for vulnerable families, non-food items (including agricultural tools for rural refugees), community based\nprojects aiming at improving water/sanitation, health and education conditions in the areas of return, shelter\nassistance for vulnerable families, as well as the provision of 3-month food rations, through WFP, allowing time for\nregistration within the mainstream food distribution system. In addition, shelter assistance will target vulnerable\nfamilies as well as families dispossessed from their properties prior to /during their flight and be oriented towards\npromoting peace and reconciliation. All assistance should be delivered inside Iraq.\n\n\n**B. Strategic Partnership**\n\n\nThe overall leadership for humanitarian activities inside Iraq rests with the **UN Humanitarian Coordinator (HCI)** in\nliaison with the agencies\u2019 representatives. UNHCR will maintain close coordination and interaction with the HCI\u2019s\noffice.\n\n\nProtection and solutions will require the determination and cooperation of local administrative and judicial structures.\nUNHCR will strive to build mutual confidence with the structures in place, including local NGOs, the Iraqi Red\nCrescent Society in particular, and opt for a **\u201cNational Implementation Mode\u201d** for the execution of its programmes.\n\nThe scale of the material needs for vulnerable Iraqis in general and the complexity of resolving and preventing\ndisplacement in particular will require a strong inter-agency partnership model that reflects the priority needs in Iraq,\nand taps into the expertise, resources and operational activities of each partner. UNHCR should therefore be\nprepared to collaborate effectively, with sufficient human resources dedicated to partnership and co-ordination.\n\nUNHCR will also coordinate its operations with sectoral lead agencies, such as WFP for food assistance, UNICEF for\nwater and sanitation, HABITAT and/or UNDP/UN-OPS for shelter and work with them towards agreed objectives.\nPartnership with UNDP in capacity building activities, in e.g. the judicial field, will also be important. UNHCR will also\nseek ways to direct its partnership with IFRC towards the specific needs of the Return Plan.\n\n\nIn the area of protection, UNHCR will work closely with the ICRC, OHCHR, UNICEF, the HCI\u2019s IDP Advisor and\nhuman rights NGOs. Monitoring human rights conditions will be a key activity in post-conflict Iraq. UNHCR has\nworked with the OHCHR on IDP issues, most recently in Afghanistan, and hopes that the OHCHR will be able to win\nsupport for a meaningful deployment of human rights monitors in Iraq.\n\n\nUNHCR will also work closely with IOM, both inside and outside Iraq, because of its important expertise in return\nmanagement, including the repatriation of rejected asylum-seekers, transit reception and return-of-talent programmes.\n\n\nUNHCR will embark upon implementation arrangements with its NGO partners in providing essential support to its\noperations on the ground in the form of technical expertise, and to its advocacy initiatives. UNHCR currently has\ndefined partnerships with 22 NGOs in the 6 countries neighbouring Iraq, and an additional 20 are under consideration.\n\n\nUNHCR will also work in close cooperation with countries neighbouring Iraq, including their respective national Red\nCrescent Societies, and other refugee-hosting countries.\n\n\n**C. Enhanced Presence and Staffing**\n\n\nAn enhanced UNHCR presence in Iraq will be essential for a successful repatriation-reintegration operation, including\nan accurate assessment of the protection conditions, direct monitoring of the returnees\u2019 situation, smooth delivery of\nreintegration assistance as well as sensitising and empowering the local authorities to address the specific needs of\nreturnees. UNHCR will increase its protection and operational capacity in Baghdad and throughout the rest of the\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "country by concentrating staff presence in potential areas of return. The deployment of Arabic speaking staff will be\nkey to a positive impact of UNHCR\u2019s operation. The opening of new offices in Iraq as well as their location and the\nfilling of new posts will be implemented in phases in light of needs, including expected number of returnees, as they\ndevelop. Furthermore UNHCR will enhance its presence in the neighbouring countries, particularly in Iran, Jordan\nand Syria. The staffing levels indicated below cover one-year (fast track) posts as well as functions that could be\nachieved through short term missions. Furthermore, the existing staff in countries neighbouring Iraq, whose RSD\nworkload will be reduced with the expected decrease in the number of Iraqi asylum applicants, should be re-directed\ntowards the repatriation activities.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s presence will be phased as follows:\n\n\n - The first team will join UN staff returning to Iraq for overall monitoring of the protection situation\n\n\n - The second phase is to establish offices, further develop the repatriation plan and establish links with\nthe local authorities in collaboration with the UN agencies.\n\n\n - The third phase is to start implementation of the Repatriation / Reintegration plan.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Planned Staffing Breakdown***_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|TYPE OF OFFICE AND LOCATION|INTERNATIONAL|NATIONAL|\n|---|---|---|\n|Office of the Representative \u2013 Baghdad and Liaison
Office|21 + 3|25 + 6|\n|4 Sub-Offices|4 Sub-Offices|4 Sub-Offices|\n|Erbil|7|14|\n|Suleimaniyah|6|14|\n|Basra|9|16|\n|Al Kut|7|14|\n|6 Field Offices|6 Field Offices|6 Field Offices|\n|Mosul|4|9|\n|Kirkuk|4|9|\n|Al Amarah|4|9|\n|Duhok|4|9|\n|Ramadi|4|9|\n|Najaf|4|9|\n|6 Mobile Teams|6 Mobile Teams|6 Mobile Teams|\n|2 in North (Mosul, Dohouk and Kirkuk)|3 (1 in each)|9 (3 in each)|\n|1 in Centre (Al Ramadi)|1|3|\n|2 in South (Al Kut and Najaf)|2 (1 in each)|6 (3 in each)|\n|Neighbouring Countries|19|12|\n|**TOTAL STAFF**|**102**|**155**|\n\n\n\n - _**Some of the above posts/functions could be covered by staff on mission for a limited period of time**_\n\n\n**D. Planned sectoral activities and initial budgetary requirements**\n\n\nThe Return and Reintegration Plan currently spans over 8 months for a total target return figure of 500,000 persons.\n\nIt is also worth recalling that two-thirds of the returns will be to urban areas. Out of the possible total target beneficiary\nfigure, 35% are expected to return to the three northern provinces of Iraq, and 65% to the Central and Southern\n\nregions.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019s interventions in the post-conflict Iraq will cover a variety of sectors targeting returning refugees and their\nareas of return. UNHCR\u2019s activities, carried out directly and/or in coordination with partners, will focus, among others,\non:\n\n - Protection, including early assessment, registration, border monitoring, legal advice technical expertise,\ninterventions on behalf of groups and individuals of concern, capacity building, provision of timely information\nto returnees as well as monitoring\n\n - Provision of transport assistance to most vulnerable returnees\n\n - Promotion of de-mining activities\n\n - Ensuring that food is provided to vulnerable returnees during the reinsertion period\n\n - Provision of domestic items compatible with the needs of the returnees\n\n - Ensuring that water and acceptable sanitation conditions and health services are available in the areas of\nreturn\n\n - Provision of shelter assistance to the most needy among the returnees\n\n - Promotion of household level economic recovery of returnees, including through income generating\nactivities.\n\n - UNHCR will also continue to provide protection and assistance to the existing refugee caseload in Iraq,\nincluding Turkish Kurds, Iranians and Palestinians.\n\n**Annex 3** outlines the planned activities and related costs in accordance with UNHCR's budgetary structure\n(operational sectors - staff and related administrative costs).\n\n\n**Annex 4** provides an initial budget and staffing requirements for the first 8 months of operations.\n\n\n**UNHCR Geneva**\n\n**25/04/03 15:38**\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex II**\n\n\n**The UN\u2019s Post-Conflict Role for IDPs in Iraq: some UNHCR reflections**\n\n1. Following inter-agency discussions held at Larnaca in March, UNOPS and\nIOM were requested to assume responsibility for certain assistance tasks\nregarding IDPs in Iraq. In addition, WFP is already organizing food\nconsignments, whereas UNICEF has provided water and health kits in the\nSouth. This Note examines other priorities, especially in relation to\nprotection and the resolution of displacement, which were not the focus of\nthe Larnaca meeting and, as was noted there, require further reflection.\nThe purpose of this Note therefore is to contribute to this reflection. What\nfollows is primarily based on one scenario, i.e. a profound change in the\npolitical situation in the entire country.\n\n2. IDPs from previous periods whose situation will need to be resolved, are\nestimated to number around one million. To this figure should be added\nthe internal displacement that might still result from the current hostilities,\nespecially in Northern Iraq, as well as from developments in the immediate\nor transitional post-conflict phase. An important related factor is the\nplanning figure of 500,000 for repatriating refugees and asylum-seekers\namong the existing refugee caseload alone, in neighboring and nonneighboring States.\n\n3. The responsibility for protecting the rights of IDPs, lwill, as for the\npopulation more generally, remain, first and foremost, with those who\nadminister Iraq and are vested with legislative and executive authority,\neven if based only on an interim basis. The interim and longer term\npolitical model that will eventually be chosen is likely to affect the\norganization of the UN\u2019s presence and role. Whatever the model, it seems\nto be beyond dispute that the UN and its agencies will have to assume\nimportant humanitarian tasks, as already demonstrated by the extended\nauthority given to the SG in SCR 1472 in relation to the OFP.\n\n4. A responsive international contribution to protection needs in Iraq would\nneed to reflect the following priorities:\n\n\n - The prevention of violence leading to displacement, following the\nending of hostilities or even earlier. In a number of areas there is a\nserious risk of reprisals, of violent disturbances and of the forceful\nre-occupation of homes in the context of spontaneous or\norchestrated ethnic re-engineering. Physical protection of minority\nand other vulnerable populations by occupying powers, pressure on\npolitical community leaders as well early human rights monitoring\nwill be key. The risk of outbreaks of violence may well argue in\nfavour of an extended role of military forces in Iraq, also in\naccordance with the responsibility of occupying powers under the\n4 [th] Geneva Convention to maintain public order. As demonstrated in\nother situations, such as Kosovo, new displacement in the\nimmediate aftermath of hostilities would also undermine long term\nstability and reconciliation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n - The protection of persons in a vulnerable situation, especially IDPs\nin collective facilities who cannot yet return as well as, in future,\nvulnerable categories of repatriating refugees. A priority would be to\nestablish a protection monitoring, reporting and intervention system\nthat would provide remedies against situations of insecurity (in\nparticular for members of minority communities, and women and\nchildren in camps), discriminatory access to assistance, family and\nchild separation, undue pressure to return and other protection\nconcerns. As for returnees, an important protection focus will be the\nimplementation by central and local authorities of specific\nassurances which are instrumental for the successful voluntary\nrepatriation of refugees.\n\n - The orderly and humane return or voluntary relocation of those\nwhose homes were occupied or destroyed. This will be a major\nprotection challenge, which concerns especially ethnic Kurds,\nTurkmen, Assyrians and Shia Arabs in various parts of the country.\nIt affects foremost IDPs but also refugees, including those expelled\nto Iran who upon their return are currently still displaced. Related\nissues are the compulsory change of ethnic status (e.g. of Sunni\nKurds becoming Arab), and even the deprivation of Iraqi citizenship\n(mostly of Shias of Ottoman and Iranian descent, many of whom\nare _de iure_ or _de facto_ stateless refugees). Besides inclusive\ngovernance structures and satisfactory political arrangements, the\nresolution of these problems will require protection monitoring and\ninterventions, efficient property restitution mechanisms, reconciliation initiatives as well as legal advice and capacity building. It\nmay also require land (re)distribution measures and the construction of new homes to enable relocation of those IDPs and\nrefugees who are unable or unwilling to return to their homes.\n\n5. UNHCR agrees that the overall humanitarian lead agency concept, which\nhas proven its worth in other situations, is not suitable for Iraq. The scale\nof material and other needs for vulnerable Iraqis in general does not\nmilitate in favour of the application of this concept. The UN is moreover not\nto operate in a vacuum but in a country with a largely functioning civil\nservice and a strong nationalist tradition. Even in a scenario where\npositions of command would be held temporarily by outsiders, the\ncooperation of local political, administrative and judicial authorities will be\nnecessary, especially for the humane and orderly resolution of the\ncountry\u2019s displacement problems. To be effective, the right balance\nbetween foreign support and domestic ownership will need to be struck.\n\n6. The situation therefore requires an intensive collaborative approach, both\namongst international agencies and externally. At the same time, the\nenormity of the tasks and the complexity of the issues indicated earlier\nnecessitate, in UNHCR\u2019s view, an inter-agency partnership model that a) is\nstructurally oriented towards the expertise and resources of each partner,\nb) is lean at the top and decentralized, and c) results in predictability and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\naccountability. There should be intensive collaboration but no diluted\nresponsibility as a result of unnecessary layers, participation without\nexpertise, and steering roles without operational engagement.\n\n7. Further to the Larnaca meeting and within the framework of the\ncoordination mechanism as set out in OCHA\u2019s Terms of Reference for the\nHumanitarian Coordinator for Iraq, UNHCR would therefore propose the\nfollowing framework for managing humanitarian operations regarding\nIDPs:\n\n\n - Overall coordination, as for humanitarian activities inside Iraq more\ngenerally, rests with the Humanitarian Coordinator (who might be\nDSRSG in a future UN Mission), in close liaison with the agency\nrepresentatives. He would be assisted by a small knowledgeable\nteam. Important and appreciated functions of the HC\u2019s office will be\nto ensure coordination between the various sectors of humanitarian\nassistance, to provide a forum for inter-agency policy discussion, to\nengage in advocacy and to ensure external and internal information\nsharing.\n\n - Sectoral lead agencies or \u201ccluster chairs\u201d, at least for Food\nAssistance (WFP), Protection and Return (see below), Water and\nSanitation (UNICEF) and the management of collective centers\n(IOM in the Center/South and UNOPS in the North), would be\nresponsible for working towards and ensuring collaborative\nimplementation of agreed objectives. These lead agencies would\nchair, in Bagdad and at the field level, inter-agency teams\nconsisting of partners with expertise and resources for the tasks at\nhand. Depending also on where the responsibility for reconstruction\n(and de-mining) will be located, i.e. in or outside the UN, there may\nalso be a need for a UN lead-agency for Shelter (UN-Habitat and/or\nUNDP/UNOPS).\n\n - In the area of protection and return the team would consist of the\nICRC, OHCHR, UNICEF, UNHCR, the HC\u2019s IDP advisor and\nreputable human rights\u2019 NGOs with staff in the field. The ICRC\u2019s\nparticipation will be essential (even if it might prefer to be an\nobserver). UNDP would be an important team partner in case it\nbecomes engaged in capacity building, e.g. in the judicial field. The\nparticipation of other agencies working with IDPs in any camp\nsettings, such as IOM, might be useful, especially for the collection\nand sharing of relevant information.\n\n - It is hoped that OHCHR will be able to win support for a meaningful\ndeployment of human rights monitors. If its activities were to include\ninvestigative human rights\u2019 work for the purpose of administering\njustice, they would need to be kept separate from the work of the\nProtection and Return team.\n\n - The sectoral lead-agency for Protection and Return should be the\none that combines a good geographical network of offices and staff,\nwith intimate experience with the resolution of displacement and its\nprotection dimension.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n8. UNHCR will in any case need to implement its mandated responsibility for\nrefugees and their return and re-integration in conditions of safety and\ndignity. As in other situations, an intrinsic part of its activities in this\ndomain, will be to promote the necessary protection conditions in both the\ncountry of origin and countries of asylum. This includes the identification of\nobstacles to return, the design of strategies for their removal, the provision\nof up-to-date country of origin information, the negotiation of protection\nassurances and Repatriation Agreements, as well as the follow-up of such\nassurances through field monitoring and interventions. Many refugees and\nIDPs originate from the same areas and are likely to face the same or\nsimilar protection problems. UNHCR is therefore prepared to assume the\nchair responsibility of the Protection and Return team.\n\n\n9. Under the overall coordination of the Humanitarian Coordinator, the\nproposed model would thus enable a consistent and holistic approach to\nIDP and refugee return issues, ensure a clear locus for operational\nleadership and responsibility, and foster intensive partner collaboration at\nthe same time. Clearly, tasks will need to be shared, particularly in the\narea of protection monitoring, inter-community confidence building, legal\nadvice and facilitating solutions, in respect of IDPs and repatriating\nrefugees alike.\n\n10. Although the focus would be on protection and solutions, UNHCR is also\nconsidering contributing to activities, depending on resources, which would\nmake solutions practically feasible. This concerns especially the provision\nof shelter materials which is already envisaged for repatriating refugees,\npreferably in coordination with other actors in this area, such as UNHabitat.\n\n11. Furthermore, a close working relationship is foreseen with IOM, both\noutside and inside Iraq, because of its expertise in operational return\nmanagement, such as logistics, transit reception and return-of-talent\nprogrammes.\n\n12. UN humanitarian operations, conducted with international staff, are likely\nto recommence in Iraq before a complete end of hostilities, insofar as\nsecurity conditions allow this. It might well be that a mixed scenario\nemerges of relatively stable conditions in a large part of the country and\ncontinued combat or a combination of disturbances and lawlessness in\nother parts. Also in anticipation of refugee repatriation, UNHCR would be\nwilling to participate in protection work concerning IDPs, provided staff\nsafety is ensured. The ICRC might then be freed to continue focusing on\nits important protection role for civilians generally in the more troubled\nareas.\n\nUNHCR Geneva\n10 April 2003\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/306f4a72-9073-3b6b-842f-e591c6c86ccf/D62A336EDA42595F85256D330068FB11-unhcr-irq-30apr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_311/raw/doc_311_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_311/raw/doc_311_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6b6e4e1a966a2e687c450df05cb58a9de6a23e9c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_311/raw/doc_311_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 133**\n\n# **The Balkans at a crossroads:** **Progress and challenges in finding** **durable solutions for refugees and displaced persons** **from the wars in the former Yugoslavia**\n\nGuido Ambroso\n\nSenior Desk Officer for South-Eastern Europe\nRegional Bureau for Europe\nUNHCR\n\nE-mail : ambroso@unhcr.org\n\nNovember 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nOver ten years after the signature of the Dayton Peace Agreement which ended the\nwars in Bosnia and Croatia, steady progress has been made in finding durable\nsolutions for the hundreds of thousands of persons displaced by the wars in the former\nYugoslavia. By September 2004, returns to and within Bosnia and Herzegovina\nreached the one million landmark figure. The number of persons in need of durable\nsolutions (refugees and internally displaced) in the former Yugoslavia, which peaked\nat over two million during the Bosnian crisis in 1992-95 and the Kosovo crisis in\n1999, decreased to less than one million by the end of 2003 and to approximately\n560,000 by mid-2006.\n\n\nYet, behind these encouraging trends, the picture is more nuanced. Most of the\nrefugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) who found durable solutions were\nthose displaced by the wars in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia in the first half of\nthe 1990s. But the majority of the IDPs and refugees who fled the Kosovo province\nof Serbia and Montenegro after the ousting of the Yugoslav army and the return of the\nethnic Albanian majority in mid 1999 are still in their places of displacement and the\nsituation of the minorities remaining in Kosovo is still precarious, as the analysis\nbelow shows. From an institutional point of view, there is still some \u201cunfinished\nbusiness\u201d [1] in the Western Balkans: in June 2006 Montenegro declared independence\nand was admitted to the UN, spelling the end of the State Union of Serbia and\nMontenegro, a loose confederation that replaced the remnants of the Federal Republic\nof Yugoslavia. The final status of the Kosovo province of Serbia is also being\ndiscussed, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1244.\n\n\nAs result of this situation, UNHCR\u2019s operations in the Western Balkans are centred\non two themes: \u201cPost-Dayton\u201d refugees and IDPs (from the wars in Croatia and\nBosnia) and refugees and IDPs from Kosovo. A third theme, beyond the scope of this\npaper, is the development of asylum legislation and procedures in accordance with\ninternational standards, in line with UNHCR\u2019s traditional mandate.\n\n\n**The \u201cpost-Dayton\u201d situation**\n\n\nThe dissolution of the former Yugoslavia triggered a chain of events that brought\nabout war, destruction and \u201cethnic cleansing\u201d, epitomized by the Srbrenica genocide\nin Bosnia Herzegovina (BiH) in July 1995. These events caused a massive population\ndisplacement: by the time the war ended in December 1995 with the signing of the\nDayton Peace Agreement, there were an estimated 1.3 million Bosnian IDPs and\n\n- This paper was originally written for the Refugee Survey Quarterly (Oxford University Press) where\nit will be published shortly.\n** When the paper was drafted, Montenegro was recognised as an independent state (June 2006).\nHence references to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro or its predecessor, the Federal Republic\nof Yugoslavia, pertain to the two republics (Serbia and Montenegro) prior to Montenegro\u2019s\nindependence. When reference is made to either of the two republics, this relates to the specific\nsituation of either Serbia or Montenegro within the State Union or, more recently, to the two\nindependent states.\n1 See for example, \u201cUnfinished Business in the Balkans\u201d, by James Dobbins, Rand Corporation,\nTestimony Presented to the US Committee on Foreign Relations, 14 July 2004.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "500,000 refugees displaced in the sub-region plus some 700,000 refugees in Western\nEurope [2] . In August 1995, the Croatian armed forces launched a military offensive\ncalled \u201cOperation Storm\u201d which managed to retake all the areas under Serbian control\nof the Krajina region of southern Croatia. As a result, over 200,000 ethnic Serbs fled\ntheir homes towards the rest of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which in 2003\nbecame \u201cthe State Union of Serbia and Montenegro\u201d (SCG) [3] . By 1996, according to\nUNHCR\u2019s data, SCG was hosting some 560,000 refugees, mainly from Croatia\n(297,000) and from BiH (250,000), the highest number of refugees in Europe. The\nmost vulnerable of these refugees and IDPs ended up in public buildings, otherwise\nknown as collective centres, such as disused schools and factory dormitories, not\nmeant for permanent accommodation. Ten years later, the situation has significantly\nimproved, at least in terms of numbers. According to updated UNHCR and\ngovernment statistics, by mid-2006 the number of IDPs in BiH had fallen to 182,000\nand the number of refugees in SCG to approximately 114,000 (80,000 from Croatia\nand 34,000 from BiH). What made this possible?\n\n\n_Serbia and Montenegro_\n\n\nFor UNHCR, the preferred durable solution is voluntary repatriation and, according to\nUNHCR and government sources, some 138,000 refugees repatriated from Serbia and\nMontenegro to Croatia (68,000) and BiH (70,000), including both spontaneous and\nassisted returns. But, for UNHCR, there are two other durable solutions, namely local\nintegration and resettlement. In particular, local integration was a solution vigorously\npursued in Serbia further to the adoption of the National Strategy for Resolving the\nProblems of Refugees in May 2002, drafted with UNHCR\u2019s assistance. The local\nintegration \"prong\" of the National Strategy (which also pursued a repatriation prong)\nhad four dimensions, namely: 1) the provision of durable accommodation; 2) the\nclosure of collective centres; 3) employment programmes; and 4) facilitated access to\ncitizenship.\n\n\nRegarding housing for collective centre residents, in the period 1997-2005, UNHCR\nin cooperation with the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) carried out the\nconstruction of more than 2,500 housing units for almost 10,000 refugees and\nsupplied building material for a further 3,000. Other collective centre residents were\nassisted to move on with a package consisting of cash and in-kind incentives.\nFurthermore, UNHCR, through its implementing partners, has provided 20,000 micro\ncredits to refugee, ex-refugee and IDP entrepreneurs, and vocational training to over\n1,500 refugees and IDPs to create better employment opportunities on the local job\nmarket. Many refugee families are now managing to earn an income sufficient to\ncover at least their immediate needs while others are developing small businesses.\nUNHCR\u2019s micro-credit programme was handed over to local NGOs at the beginning\nof 2005 and has continued very successfully. The revolving fund has currently a total\nnet value of nearly US$ 4.8 million. These activities facilitated the closure of 347\ncollective centres which decreased from 446 to 99 between 2000 and the end of 2005,\nwith a reduction of their population from 32,000 to 9,000. In parallel with the\nintegration process, it is estimated that at least 200,000 refugees were naturalized and\n\n\n2 UNHCR, The State of the World\u2019s Refugees, Fifty Year of Humanitarian Action, Oxford University\nPress, 2000, p. 219.\n3 SCG stands for \u201cSerbia i Crna Gora\u201d (lit. \u201cblack mountain\u201d, or \u201cMontenegro\u201d).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "obtained Serbian citizenship. However, even if there is legal integration, the long term\nsustainability of economic integration will be difficult in an economy characterized by\nhigh unemployment and inflation (respectively 21% and 17% in 2005) [4] .\n\n\nApart from local integration, other features of the UNHCR programme in Serbia and\nMontenegro include legal advice (particularly on property and personal\ndocumentation), psychosocial support and humanitarian assistance for the refugees\nand IDPs remaining in collective centres. In Montenegro, the Office of the\nMontenegrin Commissioner for Displaced Persons adopted a National Strategy for\nRefugees and IDPs in April 2005 which foresees both local integration and voluntary\nrepatriation. On 3 June 2006, following the outcome of a referendum, the\nMontenegrin parliament declared independence and was admitted to the UN on 28\nJune. The end of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, the loose confederation\nthat succeeded the remnants of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, fortunately did\nnot cause additional population movements as the separation from Serbia was\nconsensual.\n\n\n_Bosnia and Herzegovina_\n\n\nIn BiH, where UNHCR was given the mandate to coordinate the humanitarian relief\neffort and the return of refugees and IDPs in the Dayton Peace Agreement [5], a key\nfactor facilitating large-scale returns was the Property Law Implementation Plan\n(PLIP). The PLIP was a collaborative project launched at the end of 1999 by the\nOffice of the High Representative for BiH (OHR), UNHCR and the OSCE, together\nwith other partners. It had the objective of solving all outstanding claims by refugees\nand IDPs regarding property repossession, one of the main legacies of the war not\nonly in BiH, but also throughout the region. The PLIP had two key features: strict\nenforcement of decisions to return property to the rightful owners, and no distinction\nbetween private property and long term leases for social housing. By mid 2006,\n197,700 out of 211,800 property claims were solved through the PLIP mechanism,\nwhich is a 93.3% implementation rate.\n\n\nThe PLIP\u2019s success was key to facilitating overall returns (refugees from abroad and\nIDPs internally), which totaled 1,014,340 at 30 June 2006, but in particular, _minority_\n_returns_, that is returns (both refugees and IDPs) of persons to a situation in which they\nconstitute an ethnic minority. Since the start of the programme in 1996, UNHCR\nrecorded 456,307 minority returns, or 45% of the overall total returns. In this\nconnection, it should be noted that while minority returns averaged 31,000 per year in\nthe period from 1996 to 1999, they rose to an average of 76,000 between 2000 and\n2003, following the introduction of the PLIP. These return figures indicate that to\nsome extent the effects of ethnic cleansing have been reversed in line with the Dayton\nPeace Agreement that underlined the \u201cright to return\u201d to places of origin. However,\nreturn figures have dropped since 2003 and a definitive assessment of the long-term\ndemographic composition of the population in BiH will be possible only once a new\ncensus has taken place. At this stage, while some analysts suggest that restitution does\nnot always mean permanent return, as many minority returnees sell their repossessed\n\n\n4 Source: National Bank of Serbia and European Commission, DG Enlargement.\n5 As per Annex VII of the General Framework Agreement for Peace, otherwise known as the Dayton\nPeace Agreement.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "houses to join members of their own ethnic group [6], the results of a recently published\nsurvey show that only 5% of returnees have actually sold their houses and 10% are\nconsidering doing so in the future, confirming the overall success of the PLIP. [7]\nHowever there is still a need for economic assistance to make returns truly durable.\n\n\nUNHCR in BiH was also actively involved in the closure of collective centres and in\nproviding alternative accommodation for their residents. From 1999 to the end of\n2005, UNHCR and its partners managed to close 93 collective centres (a decrease\nfrom 108 to 15) reducing their population to 1,200, and constructed or repaired houses\n(also in cooperation with SDC) for a total of 1,880 beneficiaries, most of whom were\nfrom the collective centres. [8] However, contrary to the situation in SCG, integration\nassistance was provided in the original places of residence as local integration in the\nplace of displacement, including housing assistance, could have been perceived as\n\u2018condoning ethnic cleansing\u2019 and opposing the right to return. Other key features of\nthe UNHCR programme in BiH include legal assistance provided through a network\nof legal NGOs (initially focusing on return issues, then also expanding to asylum and\nmerged into a single NGO in 2003) [9], community services and flexible quick support\nprojects for returnees. As in Serbia, one of the main challenges for people who found\ndurable solutions with initial assistance from UNHCR is the long-term economic\nsustainability in an economy with an estimated 40% unemployment (although, if we\ntake into account the informal economy, the rate might be 20%) [10] .\n\n\n_Croatia_\n\n\nIn Croatia, UNHCR\u2019s programme was mainly oriented towards assisting the\nrepatriation and reintegration of returnees from Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia\nand Herzegovina through legal advice and material assistance, including transport and\nincome-generation projects. To date, a total of 137,185 refugee returns have been\nrecorded by the authorities (27,097 of whom with direct assistance from UNHCR\nunder the Protocol on Organized Returns and Croatia\u2019s Programme on the Return of\nRefugees), of whom an estimated 124,000 were of Serb ethnic minorities. As in BiH,\nhousing and property issues were one of the main obstacles to returns and required\nsustained legal assistance and advocacy from UNHCR and its partners. Housing\nissues in Croatia can be broken down into three categories: 1) private property; 2)\n\n\n6 See C. Philipott, \u201cThough the Dog is Dead, the Pig Must be Killed: Finishing with Property\nRestitution to Bosnia-Herzegovina\u2019s IDPs and Refugees\u201d, _Journal of Refugees Studies_, Vol. 18, No. 1,\nMarch 2005, Oxford University Press. Even if Philipott argues that \u201crestitution does not always mean\npermanent return as the owner \u2026 rents or sells his apartment\u201d, he concedes however that \u201cthe\nrestitution process has advanced the exercise of property rights as well as the right to return to a stage\nwhere it cannot be dictated by the barrel of the gun\u201d. Another paper that questioned the durability of\nreturns was recently published by the Institute of War and Peace Reporting/Balkans Insight (\u201cBosnian\nReturnees Quietly Quit Regained Homes\u201d, Sarajevo, 31 August 2006).\n7 _Durable Returns to a Durable State? An Opinion Poll on the Situation of Returnees in Bosnia and_\n_Herzegovina_, commissioned by the Swiss Development Cooperation to the Nadel Institute, Sarajevo,\nJuly 2006. It should be noted that in some cases the decision to sell property and migrate may however\nbe induced not only by \u201cethnic\u201d reasons, but also by \u201cnormal\u201d rural-urban migration.\n8 In terms of overall housing units targeting various types of beneficiaries of concern to UNHCR, over\n28,000 were constructed with UNHCR\u2019s assistance from the beginning of the programme in the mid\n1990s.\n9 Called _Vasa Prava_ (\u201cYour Rights\u201d).\n10 Source: \u201cWorld Bank Country Brief 2006\u201d.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9003663659095764, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8175597190856934, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BiH", - "confidence": 0.5945304036140442, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.7728874087333679, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.9665189981460571, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee returns", - "confidence": 0.6004990339279175, - "start": 367, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8592484593391418, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Croatia", - "confidence": 0.692636251449585, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Opinion Poll", - "confidence": 0.9403223395347595, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Opinion Poll", - "confidence": 0.6163697242736816, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Swiss Development Cooperation", - "confidence": 0.8004475831985474, - "start": 642, - "end": 645 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Bosnian\nReturnees", - "confidence": 0.9429495930671692, - "start": 603, - "end": 605 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "reconstruction of damaged property; and 3) occupancy/tenancy rights (long-term\nleases for social housing).\n\n\nWith respect to private property, according to government data, the repossession\nprogramme has been substantially completed with 19,260 housing units\nadministratively repossessed and only 18 pending (though it is not clear how many\nunits were physically repossessed). Progress was also made on housing reconstruction\nbut, regarding socially-owned property, Croatia has abolished this system in 1996\nand, as a result, many refugees who were the original tenancy rights holders were not\nable to repossess their apartments which were in the meantime privatized or rented\nout. The government has instead launched in 2003 a programme to provide alternative\nhousing care for former tenancy rights holders who do not own an apartment or a\nhouse, but the programme does not provide a full legal remedy (i.e. restoration or\nadequate compensation) for lost tenancy rights, but only a housing solution for those\nwishing to return to Croatia. Furthermore, the programme has been slow to start, with\nfew decisions benefiting refugees and no guarantees that the new apartments will be\nof the same quality and in the same location as the original ones. Nonetheless 11,874\nrequests for alternative housing were received by the government from former\ntenancy rights holders. It is estimated that there are still 30,000 refugee households in\nSCG and BiH who lost their socially-owned property in Croatia.\n\n\nThis situation is in sharp contrast with BiH where tenancy rights were equated to\nprivate property, a policy which enabled some 87,000 ex-tenancy rights holders to\nfreely dispose of their property, i.e. either to return to their homes, sell their property,\nor benefit from the rent and opt for local integration. In any of these cases, this group\nis considered to have found a durable solution. This bottleneck may be partially\ncorrelated with a significant drop in refugee returns to Croatia in the last few years:\n9,280 in 2003, 7,463 in 2004 and 5,261 in 2005, though other factors may also be at\nplay, such as integration in the place of displacement and socio-economic problems in\nthe areas of return. [11] To date there are still some 87,000 Croatian refugees displaced\nin the sub-region, compared with 337,000 in 1996 and 314,800 in 2000, while\nBosnians currently number 36,000, compared with 409,400 in 1996 and 210,800 in\n2000.\n\n\n_A \u201ccatalytic role\u201d_\n\n\nThe General Assembly Resolution on UNHCR of November 2003 [12] welcomed \u201cthe\nefforts under way \u2026 to promote a framework for durable solutions\u201d and called upon\nUNHCR \u201cto continue to play its catalytic role in mobilizing assistance from the\ninternational community to address the root causes as well as the economic,\nenvironmental and social impact of large-scale refugee populations in developing\ncountries \u2026 and in countries with economies in transition\u201d. UNHCR\u2019s challenge in\n\n\n11 A Human Rights Watch report on Croatia, issued while finalizing this paper (\u201cCroatia: a Decade of\nDisappointment; Continuing Obstacles to the Reintegration of Serb Returnees\u201d, New York, September\n2006), concludes _inter alia_ that: \u201cHuman Rights Watch is particularly concerned about the following\nobstacles to full respect of Serbs who have returned to Croatia: the lack of progress in resolving the\nissue of tenancy rights stripped from Croatian Serbs during the war; increase in the number of\nethnically motivated violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs; \u2026 Other concerns include \u2026\nslow progress in repair and reconstruction of Serb houses damaged or destroyed during the war\u2026\u201d.\n12 A/C.3/58/L.39 of 13 November 2003.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the Balkans, at least for the \u201cpost-Dayton\u201d situation, was precisely this catalytic role\nto attract development actors that could fund programmes focusing on the\nsustainability of returns or local integration, without UNHCR itself becoming a\ndevelopment agency. One of these actors was the Council of Europe Development\nBank (CEB) that provided its first grant to UNHCR in 2004 for its durable-solutions\nactivities (closure of collective centres, housing and self-reliance) in BiH and SCG.\nBy the end of 2004, the CEB also provided the BiH government with a soft loan of\neight million Euro, matched by a four million Euro contribution by the government,\nfor the reconstruction of 1,100 housing units for refugees and IDPs living in\ntemporary accommodation such as collective centres. The loan is also an indication\nthat the government of BiH started assuming a leading role in the process of return\nand reintegration. The European Commission, under its CARDS (Community\nAssistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilization) programme, also\nfinanced reconstruction activities in BiH and housing for refugees integrating in SCG.\nFurthermore, UNHCR consistently and successfully advocated for the inclusion of\nrefugees and IDPs in the World Bank-led Poverty Reduction Strategy Process in\nseveral countries, but most prominently in SCG and BiH.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s \u201ccatalytic role\u201d was not limited to attracting development funds, but\nincluded initiatives that might be termed \u201chumanitarian diplomacy\u201d. Recognizing that\nthere were still a high number of refugees and IDPs for whom there was a possibility\nto find durable solutions if backed by sufficient political will (and financial support),\nUNHCR, together with the EC and the OSCE launched the Sarajevo Process in late\n2004, in cooperation with the three concerned governments, namely Croatia, BiH and\nSCG, which came to be known as \u201cthe 3x3 Initiative\u201d. The \u201c3x3 Initiative\u201d led to a\nMinisterial Declaration issued in Sarajevo in January 2005 in which the three\ngovernments committed themselves to cooperate in identifying and removing the\nobstacles to durable solutions for refugees and IDPs in the region by the end of 2006,\nalthough _de facto_ it did not include IDPs and refugees from Kosovo (see below). The\nidentified obstacles and proposed solutions were plotted in three national \u201croad maps\u201d\n(now four, with Montenegro\u2019s independence), that were eventually going to be\nmerged in a joint implementation matrix. While the road maps have been prepared\nand a lot of progress has been achieved on many issues (for example, the deregistration of refugees who obtained citizenship in Serbia and the repossession of\nprivate property in Croatia), one outstanding issue is that of the ex-tenancy rights\nholders of social housing in Croatia. In this respect UNHCR is advocating a\ncomprehensive and just solution for the holders of terminated tenancy rights in the\ncontext of the Sarajevo process.\n\n\n**The Kosovo situation**\n\n\nAs the war in BiH ended, another crisis was looming in the Balkans. Since 1989,\nwhen Kosovo lost its status as an autonomous province of the Republic of Serbia\nwithin the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) [13], discrimination and\n\n\n13 Serbia in turn was one of the six republics constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\n(SFRY), which included also Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia.\nWith the declaration of independence and secession of the constituent republics, with the exception of\nSerbia and Montenegro, in 1992 SFRY changed its name to \u201cFederal Republic of Yugoslavia\u201d (FRY)\nand then again to \u201cState Union of Serbia and Montenegro\u201d (SCG) in 2003.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "human rights abuses against the ethnic Albanian majority population increased. In\nFebruary 1998 Serbian security forces intensified operations against the Kosovo\nLiberation Army (KLA). As security deteriorated, civilians started fleeing. A\ntemporary ceasefire was established in September, but after the failure of the\nRambouillet negotiations in February 1999 and renewed operations by security forces,\nNATO started an air campaign against the then Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\n(FRY). The fighting between the KLA and the Yugoslav Army escalated while\n\u2018ethnic cleansing\u2019 against civilians also intensified. This situation led to the exodus of\nsome 445,000 refugees to Albania and 245,000 to The former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia, assistance to whom proved to be a challenge to UNHCR and other\nhumanitarian agencies and NGOs involved in the crisis, as contingency plans had\nbeen made for only 100,000 persons [14] .\n\n\nOn 9 June 1999, the FRY government accepted a peace plan that envisaged the\nwithdrawal of Serb armed forces, the free and unimpeded return of refugees and IDPs,\nthe establishment of a United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in charge of\ncivilian administration and the deployment of a NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR),\nauthorized by UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1244. Shortly thereafter,\nhundreds of thousands of refugees who had fled to the neighbouring countries, started\nflooding back, some spontaneously, others with UNHCR\u2019s assistance. The initial\nrehabilitation of the war-torn province proved to be another huge logistical challenge\ngiven the level of destruction and the need to provide at least dry accommodation for\nthe returnees before the onset of winter, but the challenge was successfully met by\nUNHCR, the EC and USAID in a spirit of inter-agency cooperation. However, as\nreturnees of the ethnic Albanian majority re-established themselves in the province,\nthey meted out revenge not only on the Serbs, but also on the Roma and other\nminorities who were considered collaborators of the Milosevic regime. The ensuing\nburning, looting and violence, which amounted to another round of \u2018ethnic cleansing\u2019,\ncaused a new exodus, but this time of Serbs and other minorities, towards Serbia and\nMontenegro: by the end of 1999 over 200,000 IDPs from Kosovo had joined the\n500,000 refugees from Croatia and Bosnia, the most vulnerable of whom ended up in\nthe same squalid collective centres inhabited by refugees.\n\n\n_Minority returns_\n\n\nAs a result of these developments, UNHCR\u2019s mandate in Kosovo as per USCR 1244\n( _i.e._ to contribute to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and IDPs,\nmonitor the situation of returnees and IDPs, support their reintegration, and exercise a\nsupervisory and advisory role in the process of returns), changed its focus from the\nmajority to the minority communities of Kosovo. Activities on the ground included\ncommunity development projects that foster inter-ethnic dialogue and the organization\nof \u201cgo-and-see-visits\u201d or \u201cfact-finding\u201d missions by IDPs back to their homes in\nKosovo to make an informed choice on whether to return or not and, more recently,\ncapacity-building of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG).\nHowever, in view of the fragile situation, UNHCR\u2019s position was (and continues to\nbe) that returns can be facilitated only on a strictly voluntary basis, but not promoted,\nlet alone forced. In the first few years, the trend of minority returns was moderately\nencouraging: the number of returnees increased from 1,906 in 2000 to a peak of 3,801\n\n14 This and the following paragraph are mainly drawn from UNHCR 2000, _op. cit._, pp. 233-242.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in 2003. However, the violent riots of March 2004 contributed to a marked decrease\nin returns.\n\n\nThese riots, which targeted mainly Serb and Roma minorities, were sparked by\nunsubstantiated allegations that two ethnic Albanian boys, who drowned in the Ibar\nriver flowing through the divided city of Mitrovica, died there because they were\nchased by Serb youths with dogs. While the riots did not have a huge quantitative\nimpact as \u201conly\u201d 4,200 minorities were newly displaced, they had a significant\nqualitative and psychological impact because dozens of churches and hundreds of\nhomes were set ablaze before the eyes of KFOR, the NATO stabilization force in\nKosovo, and the UNMIK police. These events therefore undermined the confidence of\nthe minorities not only in the readiness of the ethnic Albanian majority population to\naccept them as an integral part of Kosovo\u2019s society, but also in the capacity of the\ninternational community\u2019s security forces to contain violence. KFOR and the UNMIK\npolice were perceived as \u201cpaper tigers\u201d: although they managed by and large to\nprotect people, they were unable to prevent the destruction of property. Minority\ncommunities, whether directly affected or not by the violence, have been left with a\nheightened sense of insecurity and isolation. Kosovo Albanians, meanwhile, have\nadopted a wait and see attitude, measuring and assessing the international\ncommunity\u2019s response.\n\n\nThese events naturally had a major negative impact on the rate of minority returns as\nwell as on UNHCR\u2019s and the international community\u2019s investment in the creation of\nconditions conducive to return: after the 2003 peak of 3,801, returns dropped to 2,463\nin 2004 and to 2,126 in 2005. In total, 15,280 minority returns took place from 2000\nto June 2006, or just over 6% out of a population displaced within Kosovo and\nelsewhere in the sub-region currently estimated at around 250,000 persons (207,100\nIDPs in Serbia, 16,500 in Montenegro, 21,000 within Kosovo, 2,000 refugees in The\nformer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and 3,000 in BiH). This continuing decline\nin minority returns is also a sign of the continuation of low-intensity harassment,\ncoupled by sporadic violent crimes against minorities. Unresolved property issues\n(residential, commercial and agricultural) as well as lack of freedom of movement\naffecting their access to basic services are other major impediments to the sustainable\nreturn of minorities even though the majority of the 4,200 persons displaced by the\nMarch 2004 events returned after a reconstruction programme implemented by the\nPISG.\n\n\nAs a result of this situation, a recently issued UNHCR position paper [15] concludes that\nwhile the overall security situation of minorities has improved and some progress was\nmade in freedom of movement and property rights, \u201cmembers of ethnic minorities\ncontinue to suffer from \u2018low-scale\u2019 ethnically motivated security incidents such as\nphysical and verbal assaults/threats, arson, stoning, intimidation, harassment, looting,\nand \u2018high-scale\u2019 incidents such as shootings and murders\u201d. UNHCR is therefore still\nadvocating that Serbs, Roma and Albanians in a minority situation (i.e. from northern\nMitrovica) [16] should continue to benefit from international protection, or at least\n\n\n15 \u201cUNHCR\u2019s Position on the Continued International Protection Needs of Individuals from Kosovo\u201d,\nGeneva, June 2006.\n16 The city of Mitrovica in northern Kosovo is divided in two by the Ibar river: in the south ethnic\nAlbanians are the majority as in the rest of Kosovo, in the north, including the districts of Zvecan and\nLeposavic, Serbs are the majority while some 4,600 ethnic Albanians live in a minority situation.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "minority returns", - "confidence": 0.9277603030204773, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "complementary forms of protection. They should not be forced back to Kosovo\nagainst their will where they could still face persecution or insecurity, nor should they\nbe sent back to Serbia and Montenegro other than Kosovo on the basis of the so-called\n\u201cinternal flight alternative\u201d where they would end up in secondary displacement in\ncollective centres (see below).\n\n\nThis stance is also supported by the current lack of opportunities for full local\nintegration in Serbia and Montenegro. Besides the difficulties in obtaining\ndocumentation (see below), IDPs in Serbia do not have access to the same integration\nschemes including permanent housing as those envisaged by the National Strategy for\nrefugees, as this is against the official policy of returns to Kosovo, in a current\npolitically charged context. In Montenegro, IDPs are not considered as citizens and\nare not granted permanent residence, a pre-requisite for access to rights such as\nemployment and medical coverage.\n\n\n_Recent developments_\n\n\nPursuant to SCR 1244 which stipulated that Kosovo is a province of Serbia and\nMontenegro under international administration pending a final settlement, and to\nUNMIK\u2019s policy of \u201cstandards before status\u201d, Ambassador Eide, the UN Secretary\nGeneral\u2019s Special Envoy, issued a report on standards implementation (such as rule of\nlaw, democratic institutions, freedom of movement, minority returns and protection)\nin Kosovo in October 2005. The report concluded that although progress was uneven,\ntime had come to start the process to determine the province\u2019s future status.\nNegotiations on the province\u2019s future status commenced with the appointment in\nNovember 2005 of Martti Ahtisaari as the UNSG\u2019s Special Envoy for the future status\nprocess for Kosovo and the establishment of the UN Office of the Special Envoy for\nKosovo (UNOSEK) in Vienna, marking the beginning of a period of uncertainty and\npolitical posturing in the region. While there is no clear deadline or timeframe for the\nconclusion of these talks, it is expected that by the end of the current year a decision\non Kosovo\u2019s status will be made one way or the other.\n\n\nWhatever the outcome of the status talks (or lack thereof, which will increase the\nfrustration of the ethnic Albanian majority), there is a possibility that tensions\nassociated with this process could trigger the displacement of at least some of the\nremaining minorities, currently estimated at 160,000. [17] As a consequence, UNHCR is\nstrengthening its emergency preparedness while at the same time remaining\ncommitted to facilitating minority returns on a voluntary basis.\n\n\nIn line with this two-pronged strategy, UNHCR agreed to become the Chair of the\nBelgrade-Pristina Direct Dialogue Working Group on Returns in April 2005 upon the\nrecommendation of the then Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\nfor Kosovo, Mr. S\u00f8ren Jessen-Petersen. The Chair facilitated a series of meetings\nbetween the Belgrade and Pristina delegations which resulted in the signing by the\nparties of a Protocol on Return to Kosovo. The Protocol, which emphasizes the\nvoluntary nature of returns, was a positive sign that dialogue is possible, but it is\n\n\n17 Without considering some 57,000 Serbs who live in northern Mitrovica, where they constitute the\nmajority.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "unlikely to have a significant impact on the rate of returns until the underlying\npolitical deadlock is solved.\n\n\n_The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia_\n\n\nAs mentioned above, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (hereinafter The\nfYR of Macedonia) [18] admitted some 245,000 refugees from Kosovo at the peak of the\n1999 crisis. Given that they were almost all ethnic Albanians and The fYR of\nMacedonia itself has a substantial ethnic Albanian minority and was afraid that this\ninflux would have tilted the ethnic balance, UNHCR encountered serious difficulties\nin securing access to the refugees in the country. Access was finally granted only after\nguarantees that some of the refugees would be transported to third countries under the\nso-called \u201cHumanitarian Evacuation Programme\u201d to relieve the burden on the\ncountry. Eventually some 96,000 refugees were airlifted to 28 countries. [19]\n\n\nThe fragile nature of the ethnic balance of the country was dramatically illustrated by\nthe sudden explosion of a conflict in The fYR of Macedonia in February 2001\nbetween separatist ethnic Albanian armed groups and government forces, which led to\nthe displacement of some 165,000 persons (75,000 within The fYR of Macedonia and\n90,000 to Kosovo). But fortunately, following the Ohrid Framework Agreement of\nAugust 2001 (brokered under the auspices of the EU), which envisaged a more\nequitable power-sharing among the components of Macedonian society, and\nconfidence-building and reconstruction programmes implemented by UNHCR [20] and\nother humanitarian organizations, over 95% returned to their homes by the end of\n2002. As well, the composition of the refugee population that sought asylum in The\nfYR of Macedonia changed after the repatriation of the hundreds of thousands of\nethnic Albanian refugees from Kosovo who were replaced by a few thousand refugees\nfrom Kosovo\u2019s minorities. Their numbers averaged just over 2,000 in the last three\nyears with few prospects for repatriation to Kosovo, particularly after the violent riots\nof March 2004.\n\n\nUnfortunately, the prospects for local integration remain dim: following the\nintroduction of the asylum law in 2003, only very few (28) of the refugees who had\nreceived a Temporary Humanitarian Assisted Person (THAP) status (renewed every\nsix months) since 1999 were granted refugee status, while 277 were rejected, 1,220\nreceived humanitarian protected status and 720 were classified as asylum-seekers by\nend June 2006. Most of the negative decisions were based on the misguided\napplication of the so-called \u201cinternal flight alternative\u201d where asylum officials argue\nthat the asylum-seekers could have found refuge in other parts of Serbia and\nMontenegro of which Kosovo is still part [21], a policy also adopted by some Western\n\n18 Macedonia was admitted to the UN with the following proviso:\"By resolution A/RES/47/225 of 8\nApril 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being\nprovisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as \u2018The former Yugoslav Republic\nof Macedonia\u2019, pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name.\u201d Greece had\nobjected to the name \u2018Macedonia\u2019 as it contains a province with the same name. Macedonia is currently\nlisted under the letter \u2018T\u2019, hence the capital \u2018T\u2019 of the determinative article \u2018The\u2019 of the full name.\n19 UNHCR 2000, _op.cit._, p. 239.\n20 UNHCR was explicitly mentioned in Annex C of the Ohrid Framework Agreement as the lead\nagency to implement returns and confidence-building measures.\n21 Since Montenegro\u2019s independence of Serbia only, given that Serbia is the successor state to the\ndissolved State Union of Serbia & Montenegro.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "European governments. As mentioned above, UNHCR on the contrary argues that\nsuch a policy is not reasonable because these rejected asylum seekers will most likely\nend up in secondary displacement in unrecognised collective centres given that the\nSerbian or Montenegrin authorities do not grant IDP status to rejected asylum seekers\nfrom Kosovo who are deported to their territories. As a result, many of the nonrecognized asylum seekers or persons with humanitarian status are under threat of\ndeportation to Kosovo by the Macedonian authorities, although so far nobody has\nbeen deported, also thanks to sustained d\u00e9marches by UNHCR with the authorities.\nMeanwhile UNHCR is continuing to provide basic humanitarian assistance to this\nvulnerable group.\n\n\n_The Roma question_\n\n\nThe lack of recognition of this group of persons of concern to UNHCR is not only due\nto \u201cdoctrinal\u201d (mis)-interpretations, but also to the fact that it is almost totally\ncomposed of Roma, Ashkaelia or \u201cEgyptians\u201d (also known by their collective\nacronym \u201cRAE\u201d), the latter two also being stigmatized and marginalised groups, who,\ncontrary to the Roma (who speak Romani and Serbo-Croatian and are mainly\nOrthodox), speak Albanian and are mainly Muslim. As mentioned above, the Roma in\nKosovo and, to a lesser extent, the Ashkaelia and \u201cEgyptians\u201d [22] were considered as\ncollaborators of the Milosevic regime and hence were targeted by the ethnic Albanian\nmajority after their return in 1999. They therefore featured prominently among the\nIDPs who fled from Kosovo towards the rest of the then State Union of Serbia &\nMontenegro, where Roma constitute 11.4% of the 223,570 IDP population or 12.4%,\nincluding the Ashkaelia and Egyptians (23,200 in Serbia and 4,500 in Montenegro). [23]\nThough the situation of Ashkaelia and Egyptians in Kosovo has improved to some\nextent in terms of access to rights such as freedom of movement, probably because of\ntheir greater cultural affinity with the ethnic Albanian majority population, the abovementioned UNHCR position paper [24] concludes that Roma, together with Serbs,\nshould continue to benefit from international protection.\n\n\nBut Roma are not only vulnerable as displaced persons: as a recently issued UNDP\nreport argues, [25] unlike other IDPs, they were already vulnerable _before_ displacement\nowing to their marginalized and discriminated status, particularly in the fields of\neducation and employment. In addition to socio-economic vulnerability, Roma in\ngeneral, and IDPs in particular, are also legally vulnerable as they suffer from what\nmay be described as a chronic lack of documentation. To be sure, lack of\ndocumentation is a problem affecting all IDPs to a certain extent, but it is particularly\nacute for the RAE. This is probably due in part to discrimination and illiteracy, but\nalso to a deep-seated cultural attitude that makes them wary about declaring\nthemselves to the authorities for fear of being targeted. Whatever the reason, lack of\ndocumentation is a serious handicap to accessing rights, as persons who cannot prove\n\n\n22 The \u201cEgyptians\u201d of Kosovo are not citizens of Egypt, but an ethnic group related to the Roma who\nclaim to have migrated to the Balkans from Egypt some time in the 4 [th] century AD.\n23 The detailed breakdown at 30 June 2006 is as follows: in Serbia, out of 207,103 IDPs there are\n22,379 Roma (10.8%), 745 Egyptians (0.36%) and 78 Ashkaelia (0.04%); in Montenegro, out of\n16,545 IDPs, there are 3,015 Roma (18.2%), 1,392 Egyptians (8.4%) and 65 Ashkaelia (0.2%); Source:\nUNHCR Representation in Belgrade.\n24 See note 15, above.\n25 _At Risk: Roma and the Displaced in Southeast Europe_, UNDP, Bratislava, 2006, p. 69.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "their original residence cannot have access to IDP status. One of the consequences is\nthat many live in \u201cillegal\u201d settlements, mostly in even worse conditions than \u201cofficial\u201d\ncollective centres. Hence RAE IDPs are probably more numerous (possibly twice as\nmany) than current statistics reveal.\n\n\nBut even for those who are recognized as IDPs, lack of documentation means difficult\nor no access to education, citizenship, employment and pension. [26] And the problems\ndo not end with displacement, but persist upon return: for example it is difficult to\nestablish the right to repossess a house without title deeds. Redressing this problem\nrequires very often painstaking individual legal advice from UNHCR and its legal\npartners to establish rights and entitlements, as in the case of the return of the Roma to\nthe _Mahala_ (\u201csettlement\u201d, comprising 750 housing units) in southern Mitrovica,\nKosovo, that was completely destroyed in June 1999 by the returning ethnic Albanian\nmajority for reasons explained above. This is a prerequisite for the implementation of\nthe physical reconstruction project, started with the support of UNMIK, the PISG,\ndonors and development-oriented NGOs. This return/reconstruction project in Kosovo\nis one of the few that targets the RAE as most projects were focused on Serb returns.\nUNHCR has been advocating in Kosovo to shift the balance of attention also to Roma\nreturn projects other than the Mitrovica _Mahala_ .\n\n\nRegarding the prevention of statelessness, a mandate entrusted to UNHCR by\nsuccessive General Assembly Resolutions, UNHCR has been lobbying states in the\nregion, and particularly newly-independent or successor states, to introduce\nsafeguards against the exclusion of particular groups, such as the RAE or IDPs in\ngeneral, from citizenship for example, because residence as IDPs does not count\ntowards the acquisition of citizenship, or because birth or original residence\ncertificates were lost or never obtained. In this case UNHCR advocates that laws and\nprocedures allow the use of additional evidence such as testimonies, rather than just\nformal identity documents, to prove a genuine link with the State in order to prevent\nstatelessness, in accordance with relevant international conventions. Dual citizenship,\nwherever feasible, is also encouraged.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nSubstantial progress has been achieved in the Balkans in finding durable solutions for\nthe hundreds of thousands displaced by the wars in the 1990s, with the help of\nUNHCR and other humanitarian actors, but mostly through the resilience of its\npeople. The prospect of European integration was also a powerful incentive to set\naside differences and cooperate to solve the plight of the refugees and the displaced,\neven though recently the EU\u2019s readiness for further enlargement appears to have\ncooled down. Furthermore, humanitarian action has been most effective where it was\nunderpinned by a political agreement, such as the Dayton Peace Agreement, and\nsupported by sustained development interventions. In this case it is possible not only\nto find durable solutions, but even to progress from coexistence and tolerance to\neventual reconciliation, although the latter is a long-term endeavour. However,\nhumanitarian action cannot replace political will, otherwise it is in danger of\n\n\n26 See, IDP Interagency Working Group: \u201cAnalysis of the Situation of Internally Displaced Persons in\nSerbia and Montenegro: Law and Practice\u201d; 2004, Belgrade.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "becoming a \u201cfig leaf\u201d, [27] papering over the cracks. Humanitarian action without\npolitical will and consensus can only provide short term comfort through basic relief\nassistance (provided that funds continue to be available even in the absence of the\nmedia spotlight), but cannot be considered a genuine durable solution.\n\n\n27 See UNHCR, 2000, _op. cit._, pp. 219-221.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e791645-8f35-3d47-8465-394095e8599f/D7954809E5BF842EC12572340035D781-unhcr-gen-28nov.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_312/raw/doc_312_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_312/raw/doc_312_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4bd7b43357a2ff10436edcd24c726a8634d94957..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_312/raw/doc_312_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": 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\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \"\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\n\n.\" \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\n\n\n**:\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a**\n\n\n[+41 79 549 5998 : \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641spindler@unhcr.org :\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631](mailto:spindler@unhcr.org)\n\n\n:\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 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\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\n)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u06392021-2010( \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647\n\n.2021 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u064590 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u064843 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\n\n\n.\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627\n.\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u064d\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627\n\n\n:\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n\n[+41 79 747 8719 :\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641byun@unhcr.org :\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646](mailto:byun@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631", - "confidence": 0.6245124340057373, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0632", - "confidence": 0.5888804793357849, - "start": 241, - "end": 243 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/909e9619-5880-4314-a514-26de96f8c509/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%20%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%20%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%94%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%20%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%95%D9%84%D9%89%2038%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89%20%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8D%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%20_%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_314/raw/doc_314_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_314/raw/doc_314_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3d3f3dc7081d46e11817c7997875ddcbea499a35..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_314/raw/doc_314_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR staff deliver a COVID-19 orientation session to Somali refugee healthcare workers and_\n_Community Outreach Workers at Kobe camp, Ethiopia_\n\n# **COMMUNITIES GETTING INVOLVED**\n#### Supporting Community Leadership in the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges for forcibly displaced persons and the humanitarian\norganizations working to support them. With restrictions on movement and limited access to refugees,\nasylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and stateless persons across the globe, UNHCR\nis supporting displaced communities to take the lead in the prevention of, and the response to, the\nexisting and emerging protection needs of women, men, girls and boys of diverse backgrounds.\n\nThis brief provides an overview of UNHCRs approach to engaging communities in the prevention and\nresponse to COVID-19, and draws on examples from the field, where displaced communities are\npartnering with humanitarian actors to protect those at heightened risk.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "measures without considering existing ones, the community may lose its capacity to self-protect,\nresulting in it being worse off when external support is reduced. It is, therefore, necessary that we\nunderstand and support the strategies that communities already use, building on them and leveraging\ntheir skills and resources.\n\nUNHCR has a history of working hand-in-hand with communities in the identification of protection\nneeds, and jointly developing responses that build on their knowledge, capacities and resources.\n\nUNHCR believes that meaningful participation1:\n\n\n - is a right, and essential for informed decision-making;\n\n - leads to better protection outcomes and reduces feelings of powerlessness;\n\n - enables UNHCR to draw on the insights, knowledge, capacities, skills and resources of\npersons of concern;\n\n - empowers women, men, girls and boys of different backgrounds to rebuild self-esteem and\nself-confidence; and\n\n - helps people of concern cope with the trauma of forced displacement.\n\nThrough the regular, systematic and meaningful participation of women, men, girls and boys of diverse\nbackgrounds, UNHCR gains a real-time understanding of how COVID-19 is impacting individuals\ndifferently, and is able to work with them to develop programmes that address these differing needs\neffectively.\n\nUNHCR applies a community-based approach in its work with forcibly displaced people through which\nit identifies and supports community structures and establishes partnerships with community-based\norganizations, who play a critical role in reaching out to at-risk and marginalized groups and\nresponding to the impacts of COVID-19. This becomes particularly important in contexts where\nUNHCR and partners face difficulties in accessing refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs and stateless\npersons.\n\n\n1 UNHCR manual: A Community-based Approach in UNHCR operations (2008):\n[https://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/47ed0e212/community-based-approach-unhcr-operations.html](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/47ed0e212/community-based-approach-unhcr-operations.html)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "critical in ensuring information and service provision is known in the community, particularly among\nthose, who are isolated or marginalized. Engaging communities in communication activities allows for\nbetter outreach, and ensures that message content, format and distribution channels match the needs\nand preferences of diverse audiences. Communities in different regions have invested their time,\nknowledge and resources in a variety of ways to reach out to those most at-risk, providing timely and\nrelevant information.\n\n\n\n**Mobilizing as Community Volunteers**\nCollaborating with community outreach\nvolunteers is an essential part of UNHCR\u2019s\ncommunity-based protection work, ensuring\nthat information on services is available within\nthe community and that feedback from persons\nof concern reaches UNHCR and service\nproviders. In the context of COVID-19, UNHCR\nmobilized those structures, albeit in new and\ncreative ways.\n\nIn **Ethiopia**, refugee community structures\nhave been actively engaged in outreach\nactivities and messaging on COVID-19, while\nalso ensuring that basic prevention measures\nare observed in communities. As such, they\nplay a crucial role as first responders. Refugee\nrepresentatives and outreach volunteers have\nbeen involved in demonstrating handwashing\ntechniques, distributing posters, soap and\nother essential items, and organizing food\ndistribution in smaller groups that respects\nphysical distancing measures. Where possible,\ntheir support is extended to the nearby host\ncommunity. Refugees are also helping tackle\nmisinformation and misconceptions about\nCOVID-19, and sharing information in line with\nthe World Health Organization (WHO) and the\nGovernment of Ethiopia guidelines.\n\n\nSimilarly, in **South Sudan**, forty secondary\nschool students on UNHCR scholarships in the\nGorom refugee settlement were trained and\nmobilized to conduct household visits with a\ncommunity health worker or hygiene promoter,\nsharing information and demonstrating basic\nhygiene practices. As such, all 800 households\nin Gorom were provided with basic information,\nincluding referral pathways in the event of a\nsuspected COVID-19 case.\n\n\n\nIn **Bangladesh**, 1,593 community health\nworkers and 804 volunteers from various\nsectors are involved in ensuring adequate\ninformation flows on COVID-19 to different\nsegments of the refugee community, including\nthrough home visits. Community outreach\nvolunteers are disseminating key messages,\nincluding preventative practices, physical\ndistancing, hand washing and early referral of\npersons with symptoms to health facilities.\n\n\n_Wearing protective masks, Idriss, 21, and_\n_Leila, 25, both refugees from the Central_\n_African Republic, travel through N'Djamena,_\n_Chad distributing materials to raise awareness_\n_about COVID-19._\n\nUNHCR in **Lebanon** provided targeted training\nfor a total of 4,599 refugees, including outreach\nvolunteers and site community groups on\nCOVID-19, for them to pass on to other\ncommunity members. Site community groups\nare comprised of 3-5 volunteers, who play a\nparticularly active role on-site, conducting\nhygiene promotion, including through physical\ndistancing and decisions taken by the\nauthorities.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "community is essential to ensuring access to\ntimely and relevant information. Among those,\ncommunity radio is a tried and tested tool that\na number of operations have adapted to the\ncurrent COVID-19 situation. Radio is also used\nto sensitize communities around protection\nrisks exacerbated by COVID-19, such as\ndomestic violence and other forms of genderbased violence (GBV), and to disseminate\ninformation on relevant services.\n\nIn the **Central African Republic**, a radio\ncommunication strategy was developed with\nreturnee community leaders to conduct\ncommunity sensitization on prevention and\nresponse to COVID-19. A community radio slot\nhas been organized in **Brazil** to reach hard hit\nindigenous groups residing in temporary sites\nin Manaus.\n\nIn Dadaab camp in **Kenya**, community\nworkers, youth, religious leaders and members\nof community structures are participating in\nradio shows to prevent GBV. The show is\ndivided into three parts: (1) information\ndissemination, (2) a Q&A session where\nlisteners can call in and obtain answers to\nquestions and (3) playing pre-recorded\nmessages on the topic of the specific session\n(e.g. intimate partner violence, denial of\nresources, psychological abuse, female genital\nmutilation, forced marriage, etc.). Refugee\nwomen and girls have reported gaining the\nknowledge and confidence to approach GBV\nservice providers, and empirical data shows an\nincrease in the number of reported GBV\nincidents during the period of radio awareness\nraising. Similarly, in **Rwanda** and **Malawi**,\ncommunity radio has been used to inform the\ncommunity on accessible GBV prevention and\nresponse services, despite the current\nlockdown.\n\n**Outreach through Digital Media**\nPhysical distancing is key to preventing\nCOVID-19, however this has been a challenge\nto many of the traditional forms of in-person\noutreach conducted in the field. UNHCR\n\n\n\nimportant information in a timely manner.\n\n\nWhatsApp Communication Trees are a tool\nthat has proven useful to a number of\noperations, allowing for two-way\ncommunication between UNHCR and\ncommunity volunteers, and community\nvolunteers and the broader community.\n\nIn **Ethiopia**, UNHCR has established several\nWhatsApp and Telegram groups for refugee\nleaders and outreach volunteers, providing\nthem with extra phone credit to help\ndisseminate information on COVID-19 among\nrefugee communities. Also, UNHCR has\nmapped existing refugee WhatsApp groups in\nEthiopia with the goal of possible future\ncollaboration post-COVID-19.\n\nIn **Turkey**, WhatsApp trees have facilitated\ninformation-sharing to more than 10,000\ncommunity members in the period March 27 to\nApril 21, while information-sharing through 860\nWhatsApp groups has allowed UNHCR **Syria**\nto reach 120,000 persons.\n\nSelf-organized Viber groups and Telegram\nchannels have been set up by IDPs in **Ukraine**\nto support communities in conflict-affected\nareas. A Telegram channel is also used to\nshare daily government updates on the\nCOVID-19 situation with refugee communities,\ntranslated into six languages.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "empirical data", - "confidence": 0.9587500095367432, - "start": 251, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee\nwomen and girls", - "confidence": 0.9698691964149475, - "start": 233, - "end": 237 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WhatsApp Communication Trees", - "confidence": 0.6558495759963989, - "start": 352, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9629557728767395, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9636650681495667, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "organized with refugee and host community\nyouth in **Ecuador** . The first script was jointly\ndrafted by all participants, and, going forward,\nthey have agreed to produce at least one video\nper month with key messages for their peers.\n\nIn **Lebanon**, 26 WhatsApp trees on COVID-19\nwere put in place, and 9,000 refugee and host\ncommunity WhatsApp focal points have\nreached out to some 180,000 families.\nMessages have also been posted on Facebook\nto reach a wider audience \u2013 the operation\nsupports 4 Facebook pages run by persons of\nconcern that flag rumors and scams to\nUNHCR, as well as raising awareness on fake\nnews in Arabic and English.\n\nIn **West Africa** [the COVID 19 Regional Risk](https://coronawestafrica.info/)\n[communication and community engagement](https://coronawestafrica.info/)\n[digital platform](https://coronawestafrica.info/) hosts dozens of graphic, audio\nand video tools, including some designed by\ndisplaced persons, such as children-to-children\nawareness videos. The platform is used\nby community mobilisers disseminating\nprevention messages and national platforms\nexploring innovative two-way communication\nvenues to engage IDP, stateless and refugee\ncommunities in **Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso,**\n**Senegal,** and the **Ivory Coast.**\n\n**Collaborating through Community**\n**Groups**\nCommunity groups can play a central role in\ndeveloping contextualized resources and\nreaching specific segments of the displaced\npopulation. UNHCR regularly maps existing\ncommunity structures and works with them to\nensure they are inclusive and represent the\ndiversity of the community. Working with\nrepresentative groups in the community, such\nas women, youth and persons with disabilities\nassociations, allows UNHCR to better identify\nand take action on their specific needs.\nCollaborating with community groups includes\nbuilding their capacity and equipping them with\nresources that facilitate their work.\n\n\n\nwas set up to jointly manage communication\nand mobilization. The training of 226\ncommunity facilitators has enabled door-todoor awareness campaign and mobile\nmessaging in the various languages spoken by\nrefugees, as well as engagement of host\ncommunities.\n\nUNHCR **Ecuador** initiated a partnership with\nthe Latin American Network of Organizations of\nPersons with Disabilities (RIADIS), resulting in\nbetter outreach to, and specialized COVID-19\nawareness raising materials for, persons with\ndisabilities.\n\nIn **India**, child protection risk reduction\ncommunication continues in a child-friendly\nmanner, involving outreach to members of\nyouth clubs, adolescent boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 groups,\nchild protection committees, and children\u2019s\ngroups, who also disseminate the messages\nfurther into the community.\n\nIn **Bangladesh**, imams are a trusted\ncommunity leadership structure and play a key\nrole in sensitizing their communities on various\nissues. To respond to COVID-19, imams have\nbeen mobilized across camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar,\nto disseminate accurate information on\nCOVID-19 prevention.\n\n\n_A Sudanese refugee community outreach_\n_volunteer sprinkles chalk to mark appropriate_\n_physical distancing spots during a food_\n_distribution at Pamir camp in Jamjang, north-_\n_east South Sudan._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "identification of protection needs and providing\nfeedback on services is critical to ensuring that\nprogramming is effective and adapted to\ncommunity priorities. As COVID-19 related\nchallenges have limited UNHCR\u2019s and\npartners\u2019 presence on the ground, UNHCR has\ninvested in alternative means to ensure the\ncontinued participation of displaced persons.\nCommunity members and groups are also\nimportant in terms of channeling community\nfeedback on the activities and support that\nUNHCR and partners are providing in the field.\n\nIn Cox\u2019s Bazaar, **Bangladesh**, community\nconsultations targeted community mobilizers\nand volunteers, child protection and GBV\nprevention volunteers, men, women, youth,\nimams, older persons and persons with\ndisabilities groups. The sessions are held\noutdoors or in big community centers to\nrespect physical distancing. The assessments\nfocused on community members\u2019 thoughts,\nfeelings, challenges and beliefs in relation to\nCOVID-19. The information obtained is shared\nwith the whole protection team on a weekly\nbasis to ensure that it is factored into decisionmaking and programme design.\n\n\nIn several operations, social media is a popular\ntool for staying connected with community\nmembers despite physical distancing\nmeasures. In **Honduras**, the protection\nsituation in high-risk urban and rural areas is\nmonitored through WhatsApp, using a\ncommunication tree.\n\n\nThe network of Community Support\nCommittees in **Jordan** has been pivotal in\nreaching refugee communities through remote\n\n\n\nUNHCR has dispatched 58 mobile phones with\nSIM cards and 36 pairs of walkie-talkies to\nrefugees, health centers and focal points in\nareas hosting South Sudanese refugees, to\nensure that communities are able to report in\ncase of a total lockdown due to COVID-19.\n\n\nIn the **Americas**, the Regional LGBTI+\nNetwork, with the support of UNHCR,\nconducted virtual focus group discussions with\nLGBTI+ refugees and migrants in six countries\nin the region ( **Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,**\n**Brazil, Chile** and **Argentina** ) to better\nunderstand the impact of COVID-19 on their\nlives, needs and priorities. In **several other**\n**operations** around the world, LGBTI focal\npoints maintain regular contact with LGBTI\npersons of concern, providing daily updates on\nthe impact of COVID-19.\n\n\nIn **Spain**, refugee focal point volunteers are\nreaching out to specific population groups, who\nare potentially less connected with civil society\nand social networks, or who might face\ncommunication challenges such as limited\naccess to connectivity, language barriers, or\nvulnerabilities. The feedback that is collected\ninforms UNHCR and partner interventions, as\npart of an ongoing survey.\n\n\nIn **South Sudan**, UNHCR maintains daily\ncontact with the community leaders in Juba to\nremotely monitor the protection concerns of the\ncommunity and share key information on\nservices. Information transmitted by\ncommunity leaders feeds into an incident\ntracking system that enables timely\nidentification of key concerns and informs the\nresponse.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessments", - "confidence": 0.9368557333946228, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Community members", - "confidence": 0.9188149571418762, - "start": 55, - "end": 57 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "virtual focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.5458176136016846, - "start": 322, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.517615795135498, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTI+ refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8484929203987122, - "start": 327, - "end": 332 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ongoing survey", - "confidence": 0.7273668646812439, - "start": 480, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8343149423599243, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7267897129058838, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9765911102294922, - "start": 486, - "end": 488 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "community leaders", - "confidence": 0.5950449109077454, - "start": 497, - "end": 499 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support, whereas, on the contrary, they are often themselves on the frontlines, providing support\nboth to their own and other communities. In the context of limited access due to COVID-19\nrestrictions, communities play a particularly important role \u2013 they ensure continued identification\nand referral of at-risk individuals, support the distribution of essential items and mobilize\nresources. Ensuring that women, men, girls and boys of diverse backgrounds are able to\nmeaningfully engage and be involved, promotes ownerships and is key to developing robust and\ncontextually suited interventions.\n\n\n\n**Facilitating** **safe** **referrals** **of**\n**individuals at risk**\nCOVID-19 is impacting people differently.\nOlder persons, persons with disabilities and\npersons with compromised immune systems\nare among those at high risk of COVID-19\nrelated illness; due to isolation and stigma,\nLGBTI persons may not be able to access the\ninformation needed to protect themselves;\nwomen represent the majority of frontline\nworkers and often have the responsibility of\ncaring for sick relatives. The pandemic\nexacerbates already existing protection risks,\nincluding GBV and Child Protection (CP).\nCommunities are agents of protection for those\nmost at-risk, and their role in facilitating\nidentification, safe disclosure and referral has\nbeen invaluable during COVID-19.\n\nIn **Nepal**, the number of female community\nworkers was increased to facilitate case\nreferral and to provide confidential 24/7 access\nto the protection hotline for GBV survivors. The\ngoal was to ensure a safe and trusted channel\nfor case referral from the refugee community.\nUNHCR **Malaysia** has likewise been working\nclosely with partners and refugee-women-led\ngroups to expand the availability of hotline and\nremote case management services, as well as\nmental health and psychosocial support.\n\nAn existing network of 110 community focal\npoints are supporting social workers, who\nprovide remote GBV case management in\n**Cameroon** . A Protection/GBV toll free hotline\nis the main communication tool linking the\ncommunity focal points with the social workers,\nto ensure safe disclosure and referral of the\nsurvivor. This line is also used to provide\ninformation on COVID-19. Moreover, a\n\n\n\nWhatsApp group has been established to\nensure 24/7 access to information, which all\ncommunity focal points, whether refugee or\nhost community members, use to disseminate\nkey messages to communities.\n\n\n_Venezuelan Warao refugee leader, Adriana_\n_Liras, broadcasts information through her_\n_community radio show at the Carlos Gomes_\n_shelter in Manaus, northern Brazil._\n\nA committee of five women in Rafsanjan\nsettlement in **Iran**, who have been trained by\nthe health post physician, are supervising and\nscreening traffic at the settlement entrance to\nensure adherence to COVID-19 protection\nmeasures, as well as providing referral to local\nmedical facilities. The steering committee of\nthe community-based Youth Initiative project in\nShiraz has referred 28 vulnerable families to\nUNHCR for assessment and support.\n\nIn **Mauritania**, community volunteers have\nbeen instrumental in helping UNHCR to reach\nout to refugees with specific needs and those\nin remote areas to ensure they can access\ntailored Cash for Social Protection. Similarly, in\n**Israel**, a group of Eritrean refugee women\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support.\n\nIn addition to COVID-19 information, in the\n**Democratic Republic of Congo**, community\nvolunteers have been provided with materials\nto carry out sensitization sessions in small\ngroups in three provinces, in sites and camps,\nas well as among the host community. The\nfocus is on intimate partner violence prevention\nand GBV services, and UNHCR has provided\nthem with training on GBV guiding principles,\nas well as phone credit to reinforce their ability\nto safely refer survivors.\n\n**Delivering Key Protection Support**\nBeyond identification and referral, refugees are\nalso delivering key protection support to their\ncommunities in certain contexts, with the\nsupport of UNHCR, partners and the national\nservice providers. Support includes technical\ntraining, as well as providing resources such as\nphone credit or SIM cards.\n\nIn a number of refugee locations in **Ethiopia**,\nsocial workers undertake home visits and\nconduct awareness raising activities. They\nhave identified a range of CP and GBV risks,\nincluding an increase in child labor and\nmarriage; violence against children; education\nchallenges; reduced reporting on GBV; and\nreduced activities in the women-friendly\nspaces leading to psychosocial distress and\nlimited engagement of women.\n\nGBV Committees in **Thailand** have been\ntrained on a number of topics, including\nphysical distancing, handwashing, and how to\nmake cloth masks. In turn, they are providing\ntraining to health staff on how to respond when\nGBV incidents are disclosed in their line of\nduty, including referral mechanisms. The GBV\nCommittees have been provided with\nadditional material support to facilitate referrals\nto service providers and stay connected with\nUNHCR.\n\nIn **Bangladesh**, volunteers continue to be\nengaged in the management of medium and\n\n\n\nup, most of which involve neglect, physical\nabuse, child marriage, and child labor. Some\n393 trusted refugee volunteers are supporting\nUNHCR in referrals, and they have\nsuccessfully assisted an increasing the number\nof reunifications between children and their\nfamilies in circumstances where children had\nbeen temporarily separated. Refugee\nvolunteers also continue to provide psychosocial support to children, adolescents and\nparents/caregivers through door-to-door visits\nand in small groups.\n\nIDP communities in Central and Western\n**Ukraine** are actively involved in the COVID-19\nresponse, including by taking part in\ncoordinating committees led by local\nauthorities to distribute groceries to older\npeople, running counselling hotlines and\nconducting psychological support and art\ntherapy classes for adolescents.\n\n**Contributing to the Health Response**\nAcross the globe, refugees have played an\nactive role in providing health support to\ncombat COVID-19, in a variety of roles from\ndoctors, nurses, hygiene workers to other\npositions. Women and youth have made\nparticularly important contributions to the\nhealth response.\n\nIn **Lebanon**, more than 450 refugees with a\nmedical background have been mobilized as\ncommunity health volunteers, focusing on\nCOVID-19 awareness, hygiene promotion,\nsurveillance and initial advice. They play an\nimportant role in sensitizing refugees about the\nsample COVID-19 testing being rolled out, to\nmitigate any community concerns and reduce\nrisks of stigmatization.\n\nRecognizing the mental health impact of the\ncurrent crisis, in Duhok, **Iraq**, key community\nmembers were provided knowledge about\npsychological first aid and positive coping\nmechanisms, delivered by remote\npsychosocial intervention experts.\nFurthermore, outreach volunteers supported\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "WhatsApp networks and social media\nplatforms.\n\nIn White Nile State in **Sudan**, refugee and host\ncommunity leaders have been trained on\nCOVID-19 referral pathways and phone credit\n(airtime) to enable them to respond to cases in\na timely and efficient manner. In Khartoum,\nUNHCR is supporting a local Health\nCommittee of displaced persons in working\nwith the Ministry of Health, to monitor\ncommunity members for COVID-19 related\nsymptoms.\n\nCommunity volunteers in Kitchanga in the\n**Democratic Republic of Congo** have raised\ntheir own funds to install handwashing facilities\nin five IDP sites and are now sensitizing\ncommunity members on the importance of\nhandwashing.\n\n**Providing Education Support**\nCOVID-19 has had a major impact on access\nto education, as schools across the world have\nshut down. Though efforts are being made to\ncontinue providing distance learning\nopportunities, they may not always be easily\naccessible for children in displaced\ncommunities. Various community members\nand groups have been providing support in\ncreative ways to ensure that no refugee child is\nleft behind.\n\n\n_Somali refugee teacher, Amina Hassan, gives_\n_an English lesson to grade five pupils over the_\n_radio system at Dadaab camp in Kenya_\n\n\n\nschools. These e-readers have been made\navailable to students during school closure,\nwith small groups of children meeting in ICT\ncenters and practicing their reading with the\nsupport of 20 volunteer teachers and four DAFI\nstudents. The volunteers also teach the\nchildren to thoroughly wash their hands prior to\nattending sessions and practice physical\ndistancing seating arrangements.\n\nDuring 2019, UNHCR worked closely with the\nSecondary Science and Mathematics\nTeachers Training Programme (SESAMAT) in\n**Uganda**, to train refugee teachers on the use\nof online learning tools. UNHCR, UNICEF and\nLearning Equality are exploring opportunities\nto support these teachers in sharing their\nknowledge on how to make use of the online\nKolibri platform during the closure of schools in\nthe wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nRefugee university students in **Kyrgyzstan**\nconduct extra-curricular lessons through\nWhatsApp to support the learning of refugee\nchildren, who cannot fully benefit from school\nlessons during the COVID-19 pandemic due\nto language barriers.\n\nIn the refugee camps of eastern **Chad**, Parent\nTeacher Associations (PTAs) have been\nproviding students with homework exercises\nthat are corrected each week. In the south,\nprovincial committees have set up distance\nlearning programs such as radio lesson\nbroadcasting. In urban areas, WhatsApp is\nbeing used to reach young learners, and there\nare ongoing efforts to set up home tutoring to\nprepare refugee students for the upcoming\nnational examination.\n\nIn **Malawi**, a collaboration with Yetu\nCommunity Radio is seeking to prepare 8th\ngraders for their postponed exams. Meanwhile,\ndaily education lessons are being shared\nthrough camp-based radio stations in Dadaab,\n**Kenya**, where more than 100,000 students are\ncurrently out of school. A [local teacher is](https://twitter.com/Fathiaabdalla/status/1243444492218351618?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1243444492218351618&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html)\n[providing English lessons](https://twitter.com/Fathiaabdalla/status/1243444492218351618?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1243444492218351618&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html) for refugee and host\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Innovating Livelihood Opportunities**\nRefugee community members and groups\nhave come up with many creative ways to\nmaintain livelihood opportunities despite\nCOVID-19, as well as provide essential items\nto their local communities.\n\nIn Sulaymaniyah, **Iraq**, displaced persons are\n[producing Personal Protective Equipment](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRinIraq/posts/2519036718314665)\n[(PPE)](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRinIraq/posts/2519036718314665) at a sewing factory supported by a\nUNHCR Quick Impact Project. They are\ncurrently producing up to 2,000 pieces per day,\nmanufactured according to the standards of the\nDepartment of Health. They are being\ndistributed to the communities, health facilities\nand medical teams in Iraq that are most in\nneed.\n\nIn **Tanzania**, community groups involved in\nself-reliance activities have been supported\nwith additional sewing machines and\ncontracted to produce face masks for\ndistribution to 277,954 individuals in all three\ncamps: Mtendeli, Nduta and Nyarugusu.\n\nRefugee-women-run enterprises in **India** have\nstarted producing cloth masks to address both\nthe mask shortage and the need for income for\nvulnerable families. In Bani Najjar settlement in\n**Iran**, an Afghan woman mobilized her tailoring\nworkshop to produce 800 masks and 300\nprotective gowns daily. The workshop,\nemploying 16 women heads of households,\nwas supported by UNHCR to obtain a hygiene\nlicense from the Ministry of Health and Medical\nUniversity.\n\nIn **Ukraine**, [conflict-affected communities](https://twitter.com/MateuPablo/status/1242816095049920512?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1242816095049920512&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html) have\nalready produced more than 10,200 medical\nmasks that have been handed over to homebased health care providers, first aid medical\npoints, ambulance centers and pharmacies.\n\nSoap production is another activity that\ndisplaced populations are contributing to. A\nrefugee [entrepreneur](https://twitter.com/kahin_ismail/status/1245400929723199489?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1245400929723199489&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html) in **Kenya** has\naccelerated his aloe vera soap production\nbusiness to meet the demands for\n\n\n\nscholarship programme) is both producing\nsoap and sewing masks for distribution in\ncamps. In camps in Jordan, Syrian [refugee](https://twitter.com/Refugees/status/1244270839563825154?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1244270839563825154&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html)\n[women](https://twitter.com/Refugees/status/1244270839563825154?ref_src=twsrc%5etfw|twcamp%5etweetembed|twterm%5e1244270839563825154&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2020%2F4%2F5e79e2410%2Flive-blog-refugees-covid-19-crisis.html) who have been trained by UNHCR, are\nalso making and distributing soap to their local\ncommunity.\n\n\n_Tuareg refugee women from Mali make soap_\n_to sell in their neighbourhood in Niamey. After_\n_mixing vegetable oils, water, sea salt and_\n_bicarbonate soda, they pour the mixture into_\n_moulds and leave it to dry for a week_\n\n**Supporting Targeted Distribution**\nCommunities have been mobilizing resources\nto support those most in need, playing a key\nrole in distributions related to COVID-19, and\nensuring that the families and individuals most\nat-risk access the assistance they need.\n\nIn **Kenya**, 300 kg of soap was distributed to six\ncommunity-based organizations in Nairobi,\nwho then distributed the items to refugees and\nsome host community members at heightened\nrisk, including older persons, orphans/children,\nsick persons and large families.\n\nMeanwhile in **Pakistan**, with the support of\nrefugee volunteers, UNHCR and partners\ndistributed hygiene kits to nearly 4,800\nvulnerable Afghan refugee families in 10\nvillages in Baluchistan, comprising of one soap\nand three sanitary cloths per kit.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "purchase items for the at-risk households. The\nitems were purchased, packed and distributed\nby the community volunteers.\n\n\n\nthrough social media to support families at\nheightened risk in Kampala, delivering food to\nthem through door-to-door visits.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cac1f49a-fda9-36ad-ab0c-b07356f7a70f/DIP%20CBP%20brief_C-19-Communities%20Getting%20Involved%20June%2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_315/raw/doc_315_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_315/raw/doc_315_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 237c1c67b9008a4855a8fac39fb74e762c570cae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_315/raw/doc_315_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,308 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of the Summary as at 30 June 2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nDespite the absence of national, fiscal and budgetary policies and mechanisms designed to allocate\nadditional financial resources from the central government to regions economically impacted by the\n[presence of refugees in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the 2011 Public Finance Law and the National](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Public/compta/Loi.11.011.13.07.2011.htm#:~:text=La%20loi%20r%C3%A9affirme%20la%20distinction,%2C%20taxes%2C%20droits%20et%20redevances.)\nSocial Protection Policy adopted in 2017 still encompass expenditures related to unexpected situations,\nincluding supporting the reception of refugees.\n\n\nAdditionally, the country has not implemented a national system of social protection. It has not yet identified\nand registered vulnerable persons, including refugees, who could be targeted by future national protection\ninterventions.\n\n\nExisting social safety net programs remain mainly financed through international organizations, in particular\nthe World Bank programs, with only two per cent of the national population covered which remains largely\ninferior to the average of five per cent in the Central Africa region. Challenges remain to setting up these\nsocial safety nets because of limited access to certain areas due to insecurity, ongoing conflicts and limited\ntechnology.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nSpecific national legislation or policies addressing the identification, prevention and mitigation of potential\nsocial tensions and risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas, both within and between refugee and host\ncommunities, continue to be lacking in the DRC.\n\n\n[The 2019-2023 National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) is set to be succeeded by a new plan being](https://www.undp.org/fr/drcongo/publications/plan-national-strat%C3%A9gique-de-d%C3%A9veloppement)\ndeveloped for 2023-2027, which will explicitly incorporate refugees into the existing national social and\neconomic response mechanism. The Ministry of Interior has been developing a National Refugee Policy\nfollowing the drafting of this chapter in the new NSDP. Additionally, refugees are to be included in the\nDRC\u2019s national statistical systems, although national statistical reporting remains limited, with no population\ncensus conducted since 1984.\n\n\nUnlike in neighbouring countries, many refugees in the Democratic Republic of Congo are integrated into\nlocal Congolese communities instead of being settled in planned settlements/camps. Financial inclusion for\nrefugees is increasing for the first time, mainly through informal community savings mechanisms facilitated\nby Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs).\n\n\nHowever, ongoing instability in the DRC has led to significant internal population displacement, creating\na barrier to sustained social cohesion between refugee populations and local communities. The Special\nRepresentative of the Secretary-General in the Democratic Republic of Congo, speaking in March 2023,\nnoted a troubling rise in xenophobic and racist political discourse that poses a threat to national cohesion,\npeace and security.\n\n\nThe continued violence and unrest in the country presents further challenges to social cohesion. Displaced\nindividuals may include those who have been displaced for several years, coexisting with those who have\nbeen newly or recently displaced, often more than once. This situation poses a challenge as the former\ngroup requires long-term solutions related to shelter and livelihood building, while the latter requires\nemergency assistance.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nThe Ministry of Gender, Family and Children has recently supported a mapping exercise to better understand\nthe role of women\u2019s organizations in the country. This exercise identified the number of women\u2019s organizations\nand their areas of work, revealing that female refugees are among the least supported groups.\n\n\nRefugees generally maintain positive interactions with host communities, and relations are friendly. However,\nthe resurgence of hostilities between the M23 and the FARDC (Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique du Congo,\nDRC armed forces) in December 2022 fostered distrust toward populations of Rwandan origin. Ethnic\ndivisions have exacerbated social tensions among refugees, host communities and even with MONUSCO\n(Mission de l\u2019Organisation des Nations-Unies pour la Stabilisation de la RDC) in North Kivu. Isolated cases of\nviolence and harassment against refugees, particularly Rwandan refugees in Kinshasa, the eastern regions\nand Kasa\u00ef, have occurred due to the serious violence in the DRC attributed to Rwandan national armed\nforces, which are accused of supporting the rebel group M23.\n\n\nFurthermore, various dispute resolution mechanisms have developed in communities, including Alternative\nDispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, Customary Conflict Resolution Advisory Committees (CCRACRC),\nLocal Peace and Development Committees (LPDC), Local Peace Committees (LPC), Permanent Dialogue\nGroups (PDG), Inclusive Working Groups (IWG) and more. These diverse mechanisms contribute to conflict\nmanagement, involving all parties in conflict, including refugees, internally displaced persons, and host\ncommunities.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nAs in 2020, there are no specific national policies to mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts\nof hosting refugees. Nonetheless, the Democratic Republic of Congo published a [National Adaptation](https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/DRC-NAP_EN.pdf)\n[Plan to Climate Change for 2022-2026, in November 2021. This Plan, published by the Deputy Prime](https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/DRC-NAP_EN.pdf)\nMinister\u2019s Office and the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, aims to consider the\ndifferentiated impacts of climate change on potentially vulnerable groups and as such will have direct\nrelevance to refugee populations. The Plan sets out priority adaptation plans for the Government to guide\nthe country in reduction of long-term climate risks, highlighting the following priority areas: (i) Conservation\nof forest ecosystems and biodiversity; (ii) Integration of agriculture, fisheries, livestock farming and rural\ndevelopment; and (iii) Water and sanitation. The Plan is yet to be implemented.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe country has not yet established a dedicated national preparedness and response mechanisms\nto respond to increased or new refugee inflows and other emergency in ways that minimise short- and\nmedium-term socioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. However, the [2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) continues to\nprovide a basic framework allowing refugees to access the territory, the asylum process, as well as the\nsocial, economic and cultural rights.\n\n\nThe National Commission for Refugees (Commission Nationale pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, CNR) continues to be\nthe national body dedicated to managing situations involving inflows of asylum seekers, but its approach\nis not systematized. Preparedness largely relies on international organizations, notably UNHCR, which\ndevelops contingency plans to anticipate and respond to refugee emergencies. These plans are funded by\nhumanitarian aid and implemented by a combination of UN agencies, international humanitarian partners\nand local NGOs as well as government partners. In the absence of a comprehensive national preparedness\nstrategy, the country continues to heavily depend on external support to manage refugee inflows effectively.\nFor example, the response to the significant refugee inflow of some 92,000 individuals, who fled the\nCentral African Republic to the Democratic Republic of Congo following the outbreak of violence during the\nCAR December 2020 elections, were addressed on an ad-hoc basis by the CNR with the assistance of UN\nagencies, international and local NGOs.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nSince 2020, UNOCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) and UNHCR have led\na coordinated response to the worsening security situation in the country in collaboration with UN agencies,\ninternational and local NGOs and government partners.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe national refugee legal framework remains unchanged. It consists of the [Law No 021/2002 on the status](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n[of refugees (hereafter referred to as the Refugee Law) and the Decree No. 03/014 of 5 August 2003 on](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n[the organization and functioning of the National Commission for Refugees and the Appeals Commission](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\n[(hereinafter referred to as the 2003 Decree). This legislation remains consistent with international refugee](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nstandards from the 1951 and 1969 Refugee Conventions, and the 1969 OAU Convention governing the\nstatus of refugees to which the country remains a state party.\n\n\nThe CNR continues to oversee the protection of refugees and asylum-seekers in the country, though the\noperation of the Commission is still hampered by infrastructural limitations.\n\n\nThe refugee status determination (RSD) framework continued to be governed by the [Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) and the\n[2003 Decree. The primary responsibility for implementing this framework falls upon the National Commission](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nfor Refugees and the Appeals Commission. While the procedures, including those for the appeal process,\nare theoretically aligned with international standards, their practical implementation continues to face\nshortcomings.\n\n\nOver the past three years, asylum case processing has predominantly relied on a simplified RSD for asylumseekers from Burundi, the Central African Republic and South Sudan. Key to note that South Sudanese\nrefugees are no longer recognized through a prima facie approach, but rather through this simplified RSD\napproach. In practice, after a screening process, the CNR\u2019s Secretariat has streamlined the registration and\nrefugee status determination processes into a single interview for asylum-seekers. Following this interview,\nrecommendations regarding whether to grant refugee status to individuals from the same country of origin\nare gathered in a list with applicants from the same country. These recommendations are then endorsed\nby the CNR during their regular sessions. This simplified RSD approach has effectively reduced the timeline\nfor asylum processing. However, for asylum-seekers coming from other countries of origin, the standard\nindividualized procedures remain in place with significant waiting time for the asylum cases to be processed\nin an efficient manner. These delays continue to leave asylum-seekers wait for a decision for long periods\nin precarious socio-economic situations.\n\n\nThe Secretariat of the CNR, which is under the Ministry of Interior and operates in provinces through its\nbranches, remains responsible for conducting RSD interviews and assessments. The Permanent Secretariat\nof CNR provides recommendations on whether the applicant should be granted refugee status, and these\nrecommendations are then endorsed during the monthly sessions held by the Commission which is the\nasylum adjudication body. In line with [Article 6 of the 2003 Decree, the CNR is composed of representatives](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nfrom various ministries, department and agencies and is chaired by the Ministry of Interior. In line with [Article](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\n[7 of the 2023 Decree, UNHCR continues to participate as an observer in CNR sessions. According to the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\n[2003 Decree, the national asylum procedure should be completed within six months after the registration](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nof an asylum application. However, in practice, there are persistent challenges for the CNR to process\nindividualized RSD cases within the stipulated timeframe. Waiting times for a first-instance asylum decision\ncan extend to several years, leading to significant delays for applicants having their asylum, applications\nadjudicated. This also results in their exclusion from certain support services due to the absence of refugee\nidentity cards and hampers their de jure socio-economic integration. Furthermore, the reasons for rejecting\napplications for refugee status are inconsistently notified on the decision made by CNR to the rejected\nasylum-seekers, rendering the appeal process ineffective.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nOver the reporting period, the Appeals Commission also remained inactive for various reasons. This includes\nthe lack of prompt nominations of ministerial members to the CNR, and the Appeals Commission caused\nby the recurrent instability of the Congolese Government. Additionally, the slow process of adjudication of\nfirst-instance asylum decisions by the CNR has been impeded by recurrent changes in its membership and\nthe need for technical RSD capacity development to restart afresh. Also, there has not been a quorum of\npresence for the few nominated members of the Appeals Commission to convene. Furthermore, asylumseekers remain inadequately informed about the appeal process. Additionally, attending mandatory\nproceedings in Kinshasa can be particularly challenging for those residing in the provinces. In a bid to\naddress some of the gaps, UNHCR conducted in 2002 training courses aimed at enhancing the capacity\nof the staff of CNR. These capacity development sessions focused on procedural guarantees and efficient\nasylum procedures.\n\n\n[Regarding efforts for sustainability of the Government refugee institution, the newly enacted Finance Law](https://www.budget.gouv.cd/wp-content/uploads/budget2023/vote/lf_2023_depenses.pdf)\n[No. 22/071 of 28 December 2022 relating to the year 2023 included a budget for the National Commission](https://www.budget.gouv.cd/wp-content/uploads/budget2023/vote/lf_2023_depenses.pdf)\nfor Refugees (Chapter 25211), covering aid, relief, compensation and legal assistance. The same Law has\nalso allocated resources for the assistance and support of the reintegration of returning refugees (Chapter\n70205). However, there is no transparency in the budget execution process, making it impossible to trace or\nconfirm the receipt of this budget by CNR. Up to mid-2023, the entire budget of CNR, including operational\nexpenses related to RSD, has continued to be funded by UNHCR.\n\n\nThe [2002 Refugee Law has still not been broadly and effectively disseminated in the appropriate languages](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nspoken by DRC nationals or refugee populations.\n\n\nIn February 2022, DRC also acceded to the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of\nInternally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention, though the standards of this regional treaty\nare yet to be incorporated into domestic law.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nProtection against refoulement remains enshrined in Article 30 of the [Refugee Law.](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n\n\nRefugees continue to benefit from predictable stay arrangement without policy limitations. The right to\nstay in the country is confirmed by the presentation of their refugee identity cards or, by default, a refugee\nattestation. However, challenges in the timely renewal and replacement of these identification documents\nby the CNR persist. The law provides for a two-year validity period for refugee identity cards, but due to\nthe country\u2019s size, many refugees face expiration issues, exposing them to potential police harassment.\nAdvocacy efforts have been made for amending the Refugee Law, extending the validity of refugee identity\ncards from two to five years. Similar challenges persist for asylum-seekers, particularly regarding the shorter\nvalidity period of their attestation, adding to the complexity of the situation. Over the three years, the CNR\nbenefited from UNHCR technical and operational support to ensure that refugees receive their renewed\nindividual documentation.\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, there have been no reported cases of unlawful termination of refugee status or\ncases of refoulement within country.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[The institutional framework under the Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) [and the 2003 Decree 03/014 remains unchanged and](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nprovides CNR with the institutional responsibility for refugee affairs under the overall authority of the Ministry\nof Interior, Security, Decentralization and Customary Affairs. The structures of the CNR are composed of the\nNational Commission, the Permanent Secretariat, and the provincial branches. The Permanent Secretariat\nof CNR and the provincial branches remain responsible for the day-to-day handling of refugees, including\nregistration of asylum applications, legal and administrative protection in addition to reception and reintegration\nof returning refugees in the Democratic Republic of Congo.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nAlthough the CNR sessions continue to involve representatives from various ministries and the State\ndepartments in endorsing refugee first instance status determination decisions, the national and sub-national\ninstitutional framework for the other activities of refugee management remain primarily overseen by the\nPermanent Secretariat of CNR, with limited engagement from sector ministries. While there have been more\nefforts from CNR to mobilize donors, including development actors, for refugee inclusion into national services,\nmore efforts to streamline the national and sub-national coordination of refugee management are required.\n\n\nRefugees remain, in theory, included in national data collection system and initiatives including at provincial\nlevel, though since 1984 there has not been a national population and household census. Following successful\ninitiatives in 2019 for those living in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi, the National Statistical Institution has continued\nto conduct socio-economic survey for refugees, including for Burundian refugees living in South and North Kivu\nin 2021. Additionally, some national institutions have started to include refugees in their national data collection\nsystems. The National Population Identification Office (Office National d\u2019Identification de la Population, ONIP)\nhas integrated indicators on refugees and stateless persons into the population identification questionnaire.\nAdditionally, technical sessions were held with the National Statistics Institute to integrate refugee data into the\n2022 statistical yearbook, which is expected to be published shortly.\n\n\nConsultation mechanisms for refugee inputs and feedback on decision taken at national and sub national\nlevels, continue to rely on refugee representatives from elected committees in the camps. These committees\ncontinue to be effective in camp setting and meet on a regular basis to discuss issues pertaining to support\nservices for refugees with CNR, UNHCR and partners, and relevant international organizations. Additionally,\ncomplaint mechanisms are in place in most of the refugee hosting areas, including in all camps and remain\na good source of information for all stakeholders.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[The Refugee law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) continues to provide for registered asylum-seekers to be issued with an asylum- seeker\nattestation, and that all recognized refugees should be issued with a refugee identity card certifying their\nidentity and a travel document for the purpose of travel abroad. The Ministry of Interior through the Secretariat\nof CNR is responsible for issuing the refugee identity cards. Asylum-seekers have remained to stay in the\ncountry based on the asylum-seeker attestation which is valid for the duration of the RSD procedure. Once\nrefugee status has been granted by the CNR, whether through prima facie or individual RSD procedures,\nrefugees can stay in the country with a refugee identity card that is valid for two-years, renewable free of\ncharge. It has the same status as the residence and establishment permit provided to foreigners.\n\n\nWhile refugee identity cards are available to refugees, access remain uneven, largely due to limited\nhumanitarian access to the refugees, and infrastructural and resources limitations at the CNR for the issuance\nof identification document. A significant proportion of the refugee population in the DRC remains without\nlegally recognized identity documents or credentials issued by the national authorities. In 2022, 74.37 per\ncent of refugees and asylum-seekers were registered on an individual basis. Whereas 100 per cent of\nregistered asylum-seekers have received a UNHCR proof of registration, only 16 per cent of the refugees\nhave received a refugee identity card issued by the CNR under the Ministry of Interior. The low number in the\nprovision or renewal of refugee identity cards has persisted from the previous period affecting, particularly\nthe Rwandans and other refugees living in areas that are difficult to access.\n\n\nIn 2021, the plan to hand over more responsibility to the Ministry of Interior for the registration of refugees and\nto take the lead in initial registration, including collection of biometric data and update did not materialize.\nDuring the reporting period, UNHCR and CNR have been working on preliminary steps of this plan to develop\nthe technical capacity of CNR staff but also on the reinforcement of the technical infrastructure, including\nequipment, network and connectivity. UNHCR has continued to maintain the refugee management database\nand has supported the issuance of individual documents, particularly through the issuance of the proof of\nregistration at household level with photograph and biographical data of each member. Furthermore, initial\ndiscussions were held between CNR and the ONIP, which oversees the national population and household\ncensus. In the long run, ONIP will provide all Congolese citizens with national identity cards. Ensuring that\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national data collection system", - "confidence": 0.9152659177780151, - "start": 106, - "end": 110 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1984", - "confidence": 0.8824357390403748, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9372913837432861, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic survey", - "confidence": 0.9401000738143921, - "start": 152, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9221836924552917, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South and North Kivu", - "confidence": 0.8726685643196106, - "start": 163, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9894936084747314, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5337331295013428, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population identification questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.7579867243766785, - "start": 214, - "end": 217 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "indicators on refugees and stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.5590648651123047, - "start": 206, - "end": 212 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7244195938110352, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5772496461868286, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proof of registration", - "confidence": 0.8341497778892517, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7387465834617615, - "start": 707, - "end": 708 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee management database", - "confidence": 0.9476488828659058, - "start": 750, - "end": 753 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.875562846660614, - "start": 707, - "end": 708 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7902070879936218, - "start": 663, - "end": 664 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.793920636177063, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nrefugees are included in both initiatives with a view that refugee identity cards be also issued by ONIP has\nbeen advocated for.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers have the right to register vital events such as birth, death and marriage with\nthe competent civil registry authority and obtain relevant civil status documents under the same conditions\nas nationals. However, the implementation has remained limited for both refugees and nationals during the\nreporting period due to several challenges in terms of accessibility, awareness, and availability of national\ncivil registry services.\n\n\nGiven the significant backlog in birth registrations, which have not been completed within the mandated\n90-day timeframe, a leniency measure was introduced in Goma and South Kivu. This measure permits\nover 2,500 refugee children to register their births by 30 June 2023, bypassing the usual lengthy judicial\nprocedures associated with late birth registration. Likewise, in Aru, a parallel process is in progress for 2,750\nSouth Sudanese refugee children. In 2022, approximately 64.77 per cent of children under the age of five,\nborn to refugees and asylum-seekers, were successfully registered with civil authorities.\n\n\nWhile DRC had committed during the 2019 GRF to printing and issuing 1,000 biometric refugee convention\ntravel documents by 2021 to support the mobility of refugees and their admission to third countries, no\navailable data indicates that this commitment has been fulfilled so far.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nThe situation in the DRC remains one of the most complex humanitarian situations in the world. The security\nsituation has worsened significantly since June 2020, particularly in the Eastern DRC, where there are\nongoing armed conflicts involving over 130 armed groups and civilians are often subject to violence. There\nwere also violent clashes in western provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo in October 2022. This\ninevitably had a significant adverse impact on the ability of the Government to protect citizens, refugees and\nIDPs, and has also restricted humanitarian access to several areas.\n\nIn 2022, the DRC joined the East African Community, seeking to address insecurity in its eastern provinces,\nparticularly Ituri and North Kivu. However, fighting in eastern part of the country has rather intensified\nthan decreased. The role of the MONUSCO has been increasingly questioned and the Mission has already\nwithdrawn in some provinces, including Tanganyika, Uvira in the South Kivu and Butembo in North Kivu\nwith an expectation that it will be fully terminated by end of 2023.\n\n\nIn Ituri Province, the size of one remote IDP camp located in Rhoe quadrupled over a few weeks in December\n2021, with up to 50,000 people arriving after attacks by armed groups on nearby camps and sexual violence\nbeing a particular concern.\n\n\nMore than 10,000 people accessed gender-based violence services in North Kivu in the first quarter of\n2023, representing a 37 per cent increase compared to the same period. Concerningly, 66 per cent of these\ncases involved instances of rape. As access to key resources diminish, women and girls are being forced\nto take greater risks and refugees and IDPs may be at significant risk of GBV while seeking water or food.\n\n\n[In response to this increase in cases of gender-based violence, Law No. 22/065 was promulgated on 26](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Public/DH/Loi.022.65.26.12.2022.html)\nDecember 2022, establishing the fundamental principles relating to protection and reparation for victims\nof conflict-related sexual violence, victims of crimes against peace and victims of crimes against humanity,\nwhich represents a significant policy step in the country. This law offers legal aid, protective measures\nand a compensation mechanism for victims. Key provisions of the law are: (i) Creation of a Compensation\nAssistance Fund for conflict-related sexual violence victims (Articles 21 and 22); (ii) Removal of bail, court\nand proportional fees (Article 13); (iii) Free legal procedures and lawyer fees paid by the Fund; and (iv)\nStrict protection for victims and witnesses using electronic means, with no provisional release for the\n[perpetrator. Furthermore, Ordinance-Law No. 23/024, dated 11 September 2023, has amended the 1959](https://usercontent.one/wp/www.sofepadirdc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ORDONNANCE-LOI-PORTANT-CODE-DE-PENAL-CONGOLAIS.pdf?media=1692206460)\n[Code of Criminal Procedure, extending these measures to victims of gender-based violence beyond conflict](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Judiciaire/D.06.08.1959.ccp.htm)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nsituations. Notable changes include: (a) Free legal assistance for gender-based violence victims throughout\nthe legal process (Article 7 ter); (b) Treasury covering proportional fees and procedure costs for genderbased violence cases (Article 122 bis); and (c) Mandatory social investigation and psychosocial support for\nvictims by the court (Article 14 quater).\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThe legal framework governing remains unchanged. Article 32 of the [Refugee Law continues to allow](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nrecognized refugees to move freely within the country on the same basis as nationals, subject to the\nadministrative restrictions applicable to foreigners residing in the country. However, the same legal\nprovision excludes asylum-seekers from enjoying freedom of movement in the DRC, raising concerns about\n[its alignment with Article 26 of the 1951 Refugee Convention, which extends freedom of movement to both](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\nrecognized refugees and registered asylum-seekers.\n\n\n[Specifically, Article 5 of the Ordinance-Law No. 1983-033](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit administratif/Immigration/OL.12.09.83. N83.033.htm#:~:text=%2D%20Les%20ordonnances%20d%27expulsion%20sont,de%20la%20maison%20d%27arr%C3%AAt.) concerning the foreigners (hereinafter, the 1983\nForeigners Law) still in force grants all foreigners the right to freedom of movement and choice of residence\nbut mandates them to produce documents when requested by law enforcement officials. Article 5 (2) of\n[the 1983 Foreigners Law stipulates that, if a foreigner - claiming refugee status but not officially recognized](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Judiciaire/D.06.08.1959.ccp.htm)\nas one - enters the DRC without adhering to the required rules, his/her application for a residence permit\nwill be suspended until a decision is made on the refugee status and during the time of asylum processing\napplication time, the individual is required to reside in designated areas.\n\n\nIn practice, recognized refugees and registered asylum-seekers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\ncontinue to be able to move freely within the national territory, whether hosted in camps, host communities\nor urban areas. However, those living in camps need to obtain an authorization from CNR, which remains of\nadministrative nature, to travel beyond a certain distance from the camp for an extended period. Similarly,\nrefugees wishing to change their place of residence in urban areas must first obtain a CNR authorization.\nWhile this control measure is primarily administrative rather than security-oriented, in some regions,\nparticularly in the East (South Kivu and North Kivu), it carries security implications.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[Article 32 of the Refugee Law continues to accord recognized refugees the same treatment as nationals](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nconcerning the exercise of a professional activity, social protection, access to healthcare, education and\nfreedom of movement in the country.\n\n\nNonetheless, Article 32 of the [Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) must be read in conjunction with the [Law No 015/2002 relating](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\n[to the Labour Code, especially Articles of 208 from211 which regulate the foreigner\u2019s right to work in the](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo. These legal provisions require prospective foreign workers to obtain\na work permit from the National Commission for Foreigners\u2019 Employment, which involves specific fees\nand procedural requirements outlined in relevant orders. Additional details about this fee and the permit\napplication process continue to be regulated by the Inter-ministerial Order 032 of 10 March 1994 and Budget\nand Instruction 056/93 of 10 November 1993. Furthermore, Ministerial Order No 121/CAB.MIN/TPS/112/2005\nof 2005 remains in force with maximum per centages for the employment for foreign workers in enterprises,\nwhich adds an extra layer of restriction on foreigner employment.\n\n\nThere is legal ambiguity regarding the interpretation of the above laws. The Permanent Secretariat of CNR\ncontinues to argue that, based on Article 32 of the [Refugee Law, refugees should be exempt from the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nwork permit requirement, in accordance with the administrative principle of special rules overriding general\nrules. However, in practice, employers often treat refugees like regular foreign workers, subjecting them to\nstandard administrative restrictions, in compliance with the relevant provisions from the 2002 [Labour Code.](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nTo enhance legal clarity and predictability, it is recommended that a specific amendment to the [Labour](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\n[Code](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf) is made to ensure that refugees are not subject to Article 208-2011. Alternatively, at a minimum, an\ninterpretative circular from the Ministry of Employment should be issued to explain that recognized refugees\nare exempted from these formalities. This would help ensure refugees have a well-defined right to work in\nthe country and will offer more security to prospective employers and private sector\u2019s investors.\n\n\nOverall, given high unemployment rate in the Democratic Republic of Congo, UNHCR maintains than less\nthan 1 per cent of the refugee population in the country has secured in formal employment despite not\nhaving proper data on the number of refugees who are employed in formally in the country.\n\n\nFurthermore, all rights at work provided by the [Labour Code continue to apply to all workers, including](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\nrecognized refugees and the national or foreign employer. As the applicable provisions to foreigners do not\ninclude any derogatory measure for the refugees, they are generally interpreted as including the latter, in\nthe public and private sectors as well as to small and medium-sized enterprises and in the informal sector.\n\n\nAdditionally, recognized refugees can register businesses in their own name and engage in self-employment\nfor refugees holding diplomas recognized by relevant authorities. The one-stop shop to facilitate the\nprocedure for legally registering and opening a business, and hiring other persons continue to be used as\nper the same legislation enacted in 2012-2013.\n\n\nIn law and practice, asylum-seekers still do not have the right to work and are prevented from engaging in\nbusiness and other self-employment activities.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\n[The country\u2019s Constitution](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo) continues to provide that all land is owned by the state, and permanent land\nconcessions can only be granted for nationals. Foreigners can obtain renewable 25-year concessions\nas per the Constitution and [Law 73-021 73-021 of 20 July 1973, as amended by Law No 80-008 of 18](https://www.leganet.cd/Doctrine.textes/DroitCiv/Droitdesbiens/Droit foncier rdc.pdf)\n[July 1980, hereafter referred to as the land and property law. The 2002 Refugee Law does not explicitly](https://www.leganet.cd/Doctrine.textes/DroitCiv/Droitdesbiens/Droit foncier rdc.pdf)\ngrant refugees the right to land, leaving their eligibility for permanent land concessions unclear. But as\nforeigners, refugees remain entitled to ordinary land concession of 25 years renewable.\n\n\nRefugees in the camps (approximatively 25 per cent of the total population) continue access agricultural\nland through CNR and local authorities. In certain regions hosting refugees from South Sudan, Central\nAfrican Republic and some areas where Burundian refugees live, land is allocated for collective refugeehost farming efforts. In areas with limited land like Lusenda, Burundian refugees continue to collaborate\nwith locals to improve farming in 2022. Partnerships with local authorities have provided nearly 4,000\nhectares of arable land to refugees, IDPs and returnees by 2022.\n\n\n[While there is no specific provision in the Refugee Law on the right to purchase, lease or use housing](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nand immovable property, it is still being argued that the relevant provision of the 1951 refugee status\nConvention applying, and refugees shall be treated regarding this right in accordance with the most\n[favourable treatment granted to foreigners. An amendment of the Refugee Law could clarify further this](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nright to ensure legal predictability.\n\n\nAdditionally, public social housing programmes are still inexistent in the Democratic Republic of Congo.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe 2018 Administrative Regulation issued by the Central Bank continues to allow refugees to open bank\naccounts and access traditional financial services under the presentation their refugee identity cards issued\nby the Ministry of Interior. There are still no reported issues with commercial banks accepting these cards,\nbut many refugees in rural areas have limited access to financial services. Asylum-seekers in absence of an\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nidentity card issued by the relevant national authorities remain unable to open bank account.\n\n\nRefugee identity cards are also used as legal proof of identity for registering SIM cards and opening\nmobile money accounts, similar to national identity cards, national passports and voter cards from refugee\ncountries of origin. Refugees have reported no challenges in this regard. For asylum-seekers, it may be\nmore complicated to register a SIM card because the temporary asylum-seeker attestation issued by CNR is\nnot recognized as a valid identification document. Nonetheless, to overcome this challenge, they may use\nan identification document from their country of origin if they possess one.\n\n\nRefugees continue to obtain administrative documents and certifications for foreign academic and vocational\nqualifications, driving licenses, vocational skills and professional training by providing the required\ndocuments, including their refugee identity cards. However, there may be additional requirements, such\nas fees, which can be a challenge for refugees and nationals. Consequently, few refugees and nationals\nroutinely exercise these rights. In absence of identity cards issued by the national authorities, asylumseekers continue to face challenges to obtain the above administrative documents and certifications.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe legal framework remains unchanged. Article 32 of the [Refugee Law, in conjunction with the Constitution](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n[and the 2014 Education Law, grants recognized refugees the right to enroll in national primary, secondary](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Public/enseignement/Loi14.004.11.02.2004.htm#:~:text=%2D%20est%20obligatoire%20au%20cycle%20primaire,du%20secteur%20public%20que%20priv%C3%A9.)\nand tertiary schools on the same terms as nationals. On the face of it, this legal provision excludes asylumseekers from accessing the national education system and this may be at variance with Article 22 (1)\nof the [1951 Refugee Convention](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) providing for equal treatment of all refugee children to public primary\neducation irrespective of their legal status (e.g. asylum-seeker, recognized refugees). However, in practice,\nasylum-seekers continue having access to national education system and are generally treated as ordinary\nforeigners subject to the conditions applicable in the national foreigners\u2019 laws.\n\n\nUnder the Constitution and the 2014 Education Law, primary education remains free for children in the\ncountry. The [Law No 14/004 of 11 February 2014](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Public/enseignement/Loi14.004.11.02.2004.htm#:~:text=%2D%20est%20obligatoire%20au%20cycle%20primaire,du%20secteur%20public%20que%20priv%C3%A9.) on national education still provides for specialized education\nservices. However, the lack of financial resources has continued to hamper the operationalization of the\n[National Education Strategy 2016-2025 that was developed to operationalize the enabling legal framework.](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/congo_dr_strategie-sectorielle-education-formation-2016-2025.pdf)\n\n\nIn practice, refugee children continue to have access to national primary schools like nationals. Despite free\nprimary education provided by the State, all children attending these schools face unofficial costs imposed\non parents at local level to ensure the proper functioning of the school although there is no legal basis,\nincluding for teacher salaries, courses, books, school inspections by the provincial ministry, exams and\ninfrastructure.\n\n\nIn the school year 2021-22, there was a marked increase in the gross enrolment rate for refugees across\nprimary, secondary, and tertiary education, reaching over 42 per cent, compared with the previous year\nwhich were around 24 per cent. However, this rate continues to be lower than the national average. It is\nimportant to note that obtaining accurate figures on refugee children\u2019s enrollment remains a challenge, as\n75 per cent of refugees live in rural areas, including inaccessible locations such as those hosting Rwandan\nrefugees.\n\n\nSince implementation of the free education policy, the first academic year being 2019-2020, school\nenrolment continued to increase despite the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it is not the case for secondary\neducation, which is not free in the Democratic Republic of Congo, even for Congolese nationals.\n\n\nIn 2022, the breakdown of refugee enrolment in the national education system was 50.99 per cent in primary\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\neducation, 30.55 per cent in secondary education, and 0.15 per cent in tertiary and higher education, with an\noverall enrolment of refugees at 42.58 per cent.\n\n\nThe above data pertains exclusively to schools where humanitarian actors are directly involved, as there is\nstill no centralized, statewide education management information system in existence to offer national-level\ndata, disaggregated by legal status.\n\n\nSince early 2023, the intensification of conflict in the Eastern DRC led to waves of displacement, with many\nIDPs using schools and/or collective centers as shelters, thus disrupting access to education for girls, boys\nand adolescents. By mid-June 2023, 1,036 schools were still closed, including 356 schools used as shelters\nby IDPs, due to a lack of capacity in IDP sites and host communities, affecting more than 115,000 children,\nincluding 56,000 girls and 17,000 children with disabilities. Of the three Scale-Up provinces (Ituri, North Kivu\nand South Kivu), North Kivu is the worst affected, with 337 schools used as shelters as of July 2023.\n\n\nSince 2021, the Ministry of Education, at both provincial and national levels, has been mobilized to enhance\nrefugee inclusion and improve the quality of education for both national and refugee children. This initiative\nprimarily focuses on two provinces hosting Central African refugees. This effort is the result of collaborative\nactivities funded by Education Cannot Wait and the Global Partnership for Education, involving both\nhumanitarian and development donors in 2022. UNHCR worked closely with UNESCO (UN Educational,\nScientific and Cultural Organization), UNICEF (UN Children\u2019s Fund) and provincial education authorities,\nusing a development nexus approach. This approach, based on a pilot experience, is intended to be\nadaptable to other refugee-hosting areas in the future.\n\n\nIn 2022, the Ministry of Education conducted the first Provincial Education Sector Review in North Ubangi,\none of the largest refugee hosting provinces. This initiative aimed to empower provincial authorities to\nactively participate in education planning and reviews for both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nFollowing the provincial review, a delegation from North Ubangi attended the National Sector Review in\nKinshasa in October 2022. The governor of North Ubangi endorsed the final recommendations, which\nincluded: (i) issuing approval orders for schools built and equipped by UNHCR in the camps by the National\nMinister in charge of Primary, Secondary and Technical Education; (ii) transitioning volunteer teachers to\ngovernment payroll; (iii) allocating substantial operating costs to all education subsectors to improve access\nand quality of education, and (iv) advocating for more targeted geographical investment with long term\ndevelopment partners in refugee hosting provinces.\n\n\nWhile there has been progress in including refugees in North Oubangui Province, the overall fragility of the\neducation system poses challenges. Despite a positive legal framework, vulnerable populations, including\nIDPs, outnumber refugees in different provinces, resulting in high needs across the country. To achieve\nsustainable refugee inclusion, a two-pronged approach is essential: comprehensive education system\nsupport from large-scale multilateral and bilateral donors, alongside targeted investments specifically in\nrefugee hosting areas.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nArticle 32 of the [Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) continues to grant recognized refugees the same treatment as nationals\nas regards healthcare services. While the provision excludes asylum-seekers, in practice, refugees and\nasylum-seekers enjoy equal access to publicly financed healthcare system similarly to nationals.\n\n\nAdditionally, the [2008 Health Law continues to provide nationals, and thus refugees, with access to](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit Public/SANTE/L.08.011.14.07.2008.htm#:~:text=L%27Etat%20assure%20gratuitement%20l,de%20soins%20de%20sant%C3%A9%20primaires.)\nreproductive and thus refugees, with access to reproductive and sexual health services and financial\nprotection to ensure access to health care. In practice, refugees and asylum-seekers continue to access the\npublicly financed health care system under the same conditions as the country\u2019s nationals.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nThere have been positive trends in access to healthcare for refugee populations. Almost 64 per cent of\nrefugee children aged between nine months to 5 years old had received the measles vaccination in 2022,\ncompared with only 51 per cent in 2021.\n\n\nAdditionally, there is still no national public health insurance system or similar financial protection mechanism\nestablished, though these are part of the Government\u2019s priorities in the country, but without secured funding\nso far. Over the past three years, humanitarian partners have continued to procure medicines and medical\ninputs; to support national health centers and hospitals; and to provide other health services in main refugeehosting areas. However, this support remains insufficient to cover all the refugee and host communities\u2019\nneeds which makes it unsustainable.\n\n\nThe health infrastructure in the DRC remains limited and Government expenditure on social services and\nphysical infrastructures remains very low compared to the huge scale of needs and the size of the country.\n\n\nThe National Emergency and Humanitarian Action Program remains managed by the Ministry of Health,\nwhich assists with human resources during major health emergencies/outbreaks.\n\n\nThe epidemiological profile of the Democratic Republic of Congo continues to be characterised by infectious\ndisease, including malaria, diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, outbreaks of Ebola virus, cholera, measles\nand, since the last update, Covid-19 pandemic and monkeypox. The lack of equipment and qualified\npractitioners depleted medical supplies, inadequate financing and ongoing instability and situation of\npopulations in remote geographical locations means that the country\u2019s healthcare system does not have\ncapacity to meet the needs of large numbers of refugees, IDPs and local host communities.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[Article 32 of the Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) continues to grant recognized refugees the same social assistance rights as\nnationals. On the face of this law, the same provision excluded asylum-seekers from the social assistance\nprovided by the publicly financed social protection interventions. The 2017 National Social Protection Policy\nand Strategy provides social protection to vulnerable nationals but continue face funding and implementation\nchallenges.\n\n\nIn practice, due to limited publicly available funds to support social protection interventions, refugees and\nasylum-seekers do not benefit from social protection interventions provided by government and/or external\naid. However, vulnerable refugees continued to have better access to social assistance than nationals due\nto support from UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations. More efforts should be made to sustain\na national and sub national framework for dialogue between the government and international partners, to\nmove towards a gradual alignment of aid and social protection, and of support to vulnerable refugees and\nvulnerable host community members, in terms of coverage, targeting and levels of benefits. It was reported\nin February 2023 that the [Project for the Stabilization of the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo](https://fondsocial.cd/fr/admin/vue/galerry/upload/pdf/PGP_aou%CC%82t_2019_Rapport_finale.pdf)\n[for Peace (referred to as STEP)](https://fondsocial.cd/fr/admin/vue/galerry/upload/pdf/PGP_aou%CC%82t_2019_Rapport_finale.pdf) has benefitted over 5.8 million people, including 3 million women. The\nprogramme built over 2,100 basic infrastructures in over 1,100 vulnerable communities and provided safety\nnets such as cash transfers, cash-for-work, investment grants, and entrepreneurship and life skills trainings\nto 530,000 individuals. The programme is due to conclude in February 2024. The vision of the STEP is to\ntransition from a single donor-funded project to a multi-donor and government-funded national safety net\nprogramme for DRC. In May 2023, the Government dissolved the Social Fund of the Democratic Republic\nof Congo, the legal entity responsible the implementation of three World Bank financed projects, including\nSTEP to create a new Social Fund, but which is not yet operational in absence of implementing legislation\nenacted. As of May 2023, these projects are being transitioned to the new entity adopting this function, and\ndisbursements have been paused following the conclusion of this transition process.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe [2009 Law on the protection of children](https://fondsocial.cd/fr/admin/vue/galerry/upload/pdf/PGP_aou%CC%82t_2019_Rapport_finale.pdf) continues to offer a legal framework for refugee children,\nensuring their rights to protection, care and humanitarian assistance. However, practical implementation\nremains hindered by resource and capacity limitations, as well as the limited presence of relevant institutions.\nNational policies are also in place to protect all children, including those who are unaccompanied or\nseparated and survivors of gender-based violence.\n\n\nThe DRC continues to lack a national framework for addressing human trafficking. Despite the Government\nhaving supported the 2019 Universal Periodic Review recommendations to expedite the finalization of the\nAction Plan to Combat Trafficking, there has not been progress over the three past years.\n\n\nSeparated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking in persons, survivors of gender-based violence\nand other vulnerable groups continue have the same access to Government provided care and protection\nsystems (e.g. referral pathways, case management, specialized services, social workers and so on) as do\nCongolese nationals in the same situation.\n\n\nAdditionally, the increasingly volatile situation in the country means that access to support provided by\n[the 2009 Law on the protection of children](https://fondsocial.cd/fr/admin/vue/galerry/upload/pdf/PGP_aou%CC%82t_2019_Rapport_finale.pdf) for refugee and host populations alike, has remained limited\nin practice. In 2022, the proportion of unaccompanied and separated children who were in an appropriate\nalternative care arrangement was only 17 per cent, and less than five per cent of refugee children were\nparticipating in community-based child protection programmes.\n\n\nIn May 2022, the Government of the DRC adopted [Law No. 22/003, which fills the legislative lacuna in](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2096523/2023_08_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Q30_DRC_Persons+with+disabilities_Access+to+services.pdf)\nrecognising the rights of persons with disabilities in the DRC. This law confirms that people living with\ndisabilities in the DRC have the same rights and opportunities to gain an education, to work, to be fairly\nremunerated, the right to accessibility and the right to representation, as any other person. This new law does\nnot mention refugees but, in practice, it generally applies also to the recognized refugees with disabilities\nresiding in DRC. The law also prohibits discrimination within the workplace or at school. While the new\nlaw sets out the implementation framework for the new law, serious instability in the DRC means that the\ncountry does not currently have the requisite capacity to implement the law. An ongoing programme run by\nthe UNPRPD Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD) established in January 2022\nand running until March 2024 aims to facilitate adoption of the law through capacity building and improved\nparticipation by people with disabilities.\n\n\nWomen and girls, including refugees remain at significant risk of gender-based violence (GBV), particularly\nin eastern provinces. Between January and June 2023, 35,000 survivors of GBV received care, but the\nactual number of survivors is expected to be much higher as only a fraction of survivors are reporting the\nincidents or seeking support. Despite high levels of GBV in the country, programmes related to it were only\n18 per cent funded (reported by UNOCHA in September 2023), limiting access to services and support for\nsurvivors. Furthermore, a relatively low proportion of refugees and asylum-seekers were found to know\nwhere to access available GBV services in 2022, at a little over 11 per cent. As stated in Section 2.5, a new\nlaw to prevent and respond to GBV has also been enacted by the Democratic Republic of Congo.\n\n\nFurthermore, the Government has made significant additional efforts to combat trafficking in persons,\nincluding the promulgation of a new anti-trafficking law in 2022 [(Law No. 22/067), which criminalises](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/DH/Loi.022.65.26.12.2022.html)\nall forms of labour and sex trafficking and prescribes a punishment of 10-20 years imprisonment along\nwith hefty fines. This new law has been accompanied by an increase in trafficking investigations and\nprosecutions, but further efforts are required to implement the new law, as well as potential amendments\nto ensure that vulnerable groups are protected \u2013 for example, amending the definition of trafficking so that\na demonstration of force, fraud or coercion is not required for sex trafficking offenses involving child victims.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender-related policies and their implementation have notable differences and limitations in various areas,\nimpacting refugee and host community development. The most consequential policy sub-dimensions\nimpacted by these restrictions and limitations are:\n\n\n**a.** **Land and property rights:** Women and girls continue to face greater challenges in accessing land rights\n\ndue to traditional practices.\n**b.** **Social cohesion:** Lack of women\u2019s participation and empowerment in community governance continues\n\nto affect cohesion.\n**c.** **Right to work:** [Discriminatory provisions hinder women\u2019s employment rights enshrined in the 2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\n\n[Labour Code.](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/726/RDC - Code du travail 2002.pdf)\n**d.** **Justice and security:** Weak access to justice for women and girls including nationals and refugees who\n\ncontinued to be severely impacted by Gender Based Violence and impunity for GBV perpetrators are\nsignificant concerns. Though it is expected that the new law enacted in 2022, if properly implemented\nwith the necessary budget, will contribute to address these gaps, and decrease impunity for GBV\npreparators and restoring the security and needs for justice for affected women and girls,\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nOver the three-period, the most consequential policy sub-dimensions for social inclusion considerations in\nterms of socioeconomic development for refugees and host communities are:\n\n\n**a.** **Social cohesion and peaceful cohabitation,** because of existing biases held against nationals of\n\nRwanda.\n**b.** **Security of legal status,** because of suspicions related to memberships of armed groups.\n**c.** **Justice and security,** because of high levels of GBV affecting all women, girls and boys.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D R C**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b0eaa9-084f-4afd-8b8c-65c4184b050c/DRC-RPRF_11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_316/raw/doc_316_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_316/raw/doc_316_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d23a222b616b2a741646cbdaba828c4b3077f8bc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_316/raw/doc_316_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n|||||**1**|\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe policy and institutional framework of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is inclusive towards\nrefugees, reflecting a tradition of hospitality based on which the country had been treating refugees and\n[nationals equally long before the country ratified the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dsearch%26docid%3D3be01b964%26skip%3D0%26query%3Drefugee%2520convention%25201951&data=04%7C01%7Cholmberg%40unhcr.org%7Ce725b2c6aa7d4cd7c2bc08d8fe4b3c28%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637538946371335475%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=h%2FOMtvDp33lN9Frmpi%2BFwJptZFWYshB3t6aIxYM8haI%3D&reserved=0)\n(hereafter referred to as the 1951 Convention). Nonetheless, the forced displacement context in the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo is complex and includes policy priorities relating to internally displaced\npersons, stateless populations and returnee (former refugee) nationals, many of whom currently reside in\nthe same areas as refugees and experience the same economic, social, civil and security challenges.\nMany refugees have also been displaced multiple times inside and outside the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo, sometimes causing them to commute involuntarily between host communities and their country of\norigin depending on fluctuations in the security situation.\n\n\nRefugee policy developments should be understood against this policy context. They should also be\nunderstood in an overall national context in which substantial governmental changes took place following\nelections in December 2018, in a country that is generally affected by immense challenges related to fragility,\nconflict and violence. As set out in more detail in the respective policy dimensions sections below, key\nrefugee policy developments at the national level in the period from July 2017 to 30 June 2020 include:\n## \u2022 [The administrative instruction issued by the Central Bank of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in ]\n\n1 February 2018, which confirmed recognition of the refugee ID to access financial services and allowed\nrefugees to open bank accounts. UNHCR observed relative improvements in access to banking\nservices for refugees notably in Kinshasa since the issuance of this administrative instruction. Some\nbanks are however still reluctant to recognize and accept refugee ID cards. CNR continues advocating\nfor the recognition of the refugee ID cards by all banks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.\n## \u2022 [The partnership between the Office of National Employment (ONEM) and UNHCR signed in September ]\n\n2019, which enabled registration of job-seeking refugees in ONEM\u2019s employment-matching services\ndatabase in the same manner as nationals.\n\n\nThe Government has also made significant policy pledges and commitments at the international level\nbetween July 2017 and 30 June 2020 which are yet to be implemented. During the UN Human Rights\nCouncil Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in May 2019, the Government committed to expedite finalization\nof the Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, to ratify and implement the 2014 Protocol to the 1930\nILO (International Labour Organization) Forced Labour Convention (which would reinforce the policy base\nfor the protection of rights at work including for refugees), and to guarantee effective measures allowing\naccess to free primary education for all children, including refugees.\n\n\nThe Government also committed at both the UPR in May 2019 and the [High Level Segment on Statelessness](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/results-of-the-high-level-segment-on-statelessness/)\nin October 2019 to ratify the two conventions on statelessness and strengthen the civil registration system\nand issuance of national identity documents to all populations living in the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo, including refugees.\n\n\n[Finally, the Government committed at the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 to: i) offer the 200,000](https://www.unhcr.org/programme-and-practical-information.html)\nRwandan refugees who have opted to remain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo after the termination\nof their status a residence permit valid for 10 years; ii) print 1,000 biometric travel documents by 2021 to\ncontribute to the mobility of refugees and their admission to third countries; iii) focus on the development\nof refugee return areas and the reactivation of tripartite commissions with Congo, Rwanda, Burundi,\nTanzania, Zambia and Uganda for the dignified and safe return of refugees wishing to repatriate; and iv)\nratify the Kampala Convention on IDPs in 2020.\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo became eligible for the IDA 18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW) in\nNovember 2018.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThe 2011 Public Finance Law provides that provisional credits can be allocated to cover spending linked to\nunforeseen circumstances, including the reception of foreign persons, within the envelope allocated in the\nyearly budget or, if this is insufficient, through a request to the parliament as per Article 129 of the\nConstitution. The 2019 Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability report (PEFA) on the evaluation of\nefficiency in public finance management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlights that 10 of the\n15 billion CFA (27.6 million USD) voted through in 2018 was disbursed for humanitarian and social actions.\nIn addition, although Articles 218 to 222 of the 2011 Public Finance Law define the modalities for allocating\nnational revenues to the provinces, little of the funds thus transferred in fact reached the provincial\nbudgets. Furthermore, potential refugee inflows are not explicitly included in the national and subnational\ndevelopment plans and as such are not necessarily budgeted for.\n\n\nIn 2017, the Government adopted a comprehensive National Social Protection Policy to provide social\nprotection to vulnerable nationals which includes qualified members from the host communities. An\nensuing strategy and action plan were elaborated based on findings from analytical work, including (i) a\nsocial safety nets assessment; (ii) an institutional diagnostic of the Ministry of Social Affairs (MINAS); (iii) a\nreview of targeting mechanisms; (iv) a feasibility study for delivery systems; and (v) a public expenditure\nreview. However, in practice social protection is limited, including for host communities. The Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo does not have yet a national social protection system to identify and register\nvulnerable people. In the absence of a national registry, safety net programmes remain fragmented. They\ncover just 2 per cent of the country\u2019s population, below the five percent average for Central Africa (World\nBank 2018). The unit cost for delivering social safety nets is high due to limited physical and technological\ninfrastructure, while access to vulnerable populations is constrained by insecurity and a lack of national\ndelivery mechanisms. Total spending on social safety nets is low even by regional standards: only about\n0.7 percent of GDP is invested in social safety nets, virtually all of which are funded by international\norganizations through emergency programmes (World Bank 2019).\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nVarious national laws and policies exist that can be applied to identify, prevent and mitigate potential\n[social tension and risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas. Law No 021/2002 on the status of refugees](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n(hereafter referred to as the 2002 Refugee Law) sets out refugee rights but also obligations for refugees\n[to be bound by the rule of law and public order. Other relevant laws and policies include the Constitution](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo)\n[and the Penal Code,](http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Tables/droit_penal.htm) which set out responsibilities for citizens to promote the rule of law, tolerance and\n[mutual respect. Similarly, the 2018\u20132022 National Strategic Development Plan (PNSD), which is yet to be](https://www.cabri-sbo.org/en/documents/national-strategic-development-plan)\nimplemented, sets out an inclusive approach to development and proposes a large number of social\ndevelopment, good governance and peacebuilding interventions that are relevant in terms of reducing\nsocial tensions and risks of violence. Although these policies do not directly refer to refugees and host\n[communities, in conjunction with the Refugee Law and the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees, they also](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\napply to these groups and can be implemented in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit both populations.\n\n\nNevertheless, implementation of policies relating to social cohesion is generally limited as relevant\nsubnational institutions tend to receive little financing and have limited capacities. In practice, refugees are\ngenerally welcomed by the communities with which they interact and relations are amicable. However,\nsuspicion of the unknown, caution over security risks, competition over resources and ethnic divisions do\nexist within both refugee and host communities and have an impact upon attitudes. Social tensions and\nthe risk of violence in refugee-hosting areas are also intrinsically intertwined with the ongoing armed\nconflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and violence between the various local communities\n(see also section 2.5 on Justice and Security). In this context, isolated cases of violence and harassment\nagainst refugees do occur, particularly against Rwandan refugees in the East and in Kasai, due to the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n\nserious violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo attributed to the Rwandese national armed\nforces.\n\n\nAs part of the local governance systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, informal and formal\nlocal mechanisms are in place that promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen\nengagement. There are no policies specifying that the membership of such mechanisms should include\nboth refugee and host community representatives, but this happens in practice in some refugee-hosting\nareas. In some instances, such mechanisms are supported by development and peacebuilding partners\nand the inclusion of refugees is promoted as part of this support. For instance, Decree No 13/041 of 16\nSeptember 2013 establishes local neighbourhood security committees (comit\u00e9s locaux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de\nproximit\u00e9 \u2013 CLSPs). These are supported by international development and peacebuilding partners in\nvarious locations. In 2020, collaboration was established between the authorities, supporting partners\nand UNHCR to include refugee representatives in the CLSPs of the refugee-hosting localities of Bahunde,\nBwisha and Bwito.\n\n\nSimilarly, refugee leadership committees and sector-specific committees are established in the camps\nbased on the refugee camp regulations issued by the National Commission for Refugees (Commission\nNationale pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, or CNR) and UNHCR in 2013. Among the sector-specific committees, there is\none committee that deals with peaceful conflict resolution. This committee includes refugees and host\ncommunity members as a matter of practice and is chaired by the local authority. In refugee-hosting areas\noutside the camps, there are loose refugee community-based governance structures that are not as well\nestablished and not policy-based. UNHCR and its implementing partners also support peaceful coexistence\nprogrammes that bring together refugees and host communities, but these programmes are generally not\nformally embedded into national policies and institutional frameworks.\n\n\nNational policies formally protect refugees from discrimination. The [Constitution promotes non-](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo)\ndiscrimination between the four national languages, prohibits discrimination against women and stipulates\nthat everyone on national territory has access to education without discrimination. The [2002 Refugee](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n[Law\u2014in conjunction with the 1951 Convention, the 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nand other international and regional instruments signed up to by the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2014\nprotects refugees from discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular\nsocial group or political opinions, sex, age, disability, sexuality or other prohibited grounds of discrimination.\nIn practice, discrimination may occur in some situations for both refugees and nationals, for instance in\nrelation to ethnicity and/or nationality of origin.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nAlthough there are no specific national policies to mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts\nof hosting refugees, relevant policies do exist that apply nationwide and can be implemented in refugeehosting areas to the benefit of both host communities and refugees.\n\n\nLaw No 11/009 of 9 July 2011 on the environment aims to promote the sustainable management of natural\nresources and protect the environment. The law sets out the responsibilities of the State, the provinces\nand the decentralized territorial entities as regards waste management and the conservation and\nmanagement of forest ecosystems. Law No 11/2002 of 29 August 2002 on forestry details the obligations\nincumbent upon any party causing deforestation to compensate for their actions through reforestation.\nNeither law has yet been implemented in refugee-hosting areas. The refugee inflow and associated\npopulation growth are causing particular environmental concerns in areas that are hosting South Sudanese\nrefugees, including environmental damage in Garamba National Park.\n\n\nLaw No 15/026 of 31 December 2015 on water gives the government competence to define the nation\u2019s\npolicy for the rational and sustainable management of water resources. In rural areas, the National Rural\nWater Service (SNHR) initiates projects for access to drinking water. In urban areas, multiple actors are\nmanaging access to water, including management committees, the Drinking Water Users Association,\nreligious associations and companies. Despite these efforts, access to water is a serious problem in the\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo for refugees and host communities alike. Among the refugee-hosting\nareas, the situation is most dire in Nord Ubangi and Sud Ubangi where refugees from the Central African\nRepublic are hosted where water points are lacking.\n\n\nNo relevant laws or policies were identified that could provide for access to sanitation in refugee-hosting\nareas.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo does not have dedicated national preparedness policies in place\nto respond to increased or new refugee inflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term\nsocioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. That said, by granting refugees the right to access the territory,\nasylum and social, economic and cultural rights, the [2002 Refugee Law provides crucial elements for such](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\na framework. In terms of institutional mechanisms, the [2002 Refugee Law and](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) [Decree No 03/014 of 2003](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\n[on the organization and functioning of the CNR and the Appeals Commission (hereafter referred to as](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f4def882&skip=0&query=03/014%20&coi=COD)\nDecree 03/014 on the CNR) charge CNR with responsibility for managing all inflows of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and CNR draw up short-term contingency plans on an ad hoc basis when new refugee\ninflows are expected based on the situation in surrounding countries. These contingency plans are not\nembedded in national systems. They are commonly fully financed by humanitarian aid and implemented\nlargely by UNHCR, international humanitarian partners and local NGOs. At subnational level, coordination\nmeetings are held by humanitarian organizations to address specific refugee situations. In Kinshasa this\nhappens on an ad hoc basis.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo has been a State Party to the [1951 Convention Relating to the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\nStatus of Refugees since 1965. No reservations have been made. It is also a State party to the [1967](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html) [1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc Aspects of](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nRefugee Problems in Africa [and other relevant international and regional instruments, and endorsed the](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true)\nGlobal Compact on Refugees. Refugee-related commitments in these instruments are implemented\n[through the 2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) [in conjunction with the Constitution,](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo) which explicitly reconfirms the right\nto asylum, and national laws and policies. The 2002 Refugee Law stipulates in an overarching article that\nthe law complies with the 1951 and 1969 Refugee Conventions and is indeed in line with international and\nregional norms and standards. Nonetheless, some national laws and policies are not fully in line and would\nrequire harmonization, and there are significant shortcomings in the implementation of the refugee policy\nand institutional framework (see respective Policy Dimensions).\n\n\n[The 2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) has not been broadly and effectively disseminated in the appropriate languages\nspoken by nationals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the refugee populations. UNHCR\nobservations, self-assessments and surveys conducted among border authorities and law enforcement\npersonnel reveal that there are gaps in their awareness of asylum procedures, non-refoulement principles\nand how to refer a person to the appropriate services. UNHCR also observes gaps in awareness among\nother State institutions, private sector entities, civil society and refugees themselves regarding applicable\nrefugee policies.\n\n\nThe [2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) and Decree 03/014 on CNR establish the framework for refugee status determination\n(RSD). The overall responsibility for RSD implementation is given to CNR and the Appeals Commission.\nThe procedures as outlined, including those of the appeal process, are in line with international and\nregional standards, but there are shortcomings in their implementation.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nRefugees who arrived from the Central African Republic between 2013 and 2017 received refugee status\nfrom CNR through a prima facie approach. All Central African Republic refugees arriving since then have\nhad to go through a simplified interview procedures process conducted by CNR and the Appeals\nCommission. South Sudanese refugees are granted prima facie refugee status or group recognition. If\nthere are any considerations that might exclude them from obtaining refugee status, they are referred to\nindividual RSD procedures. All other nationalities go through individual RSD procedures.\n\n\nUnder Article 12 of the [2002 Refugee Law and Decree 03/014 on CNR, RSD should occur no later than six](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nmonths after the date of the asylum application. In practice, although a simplified measure was put in\nplace for prima facie cases, there is no equivalent for individual RSD cases. This further constrains the\nGovernment\u2019s capacity to process individual RSD procedures within the six-month time frame. Waiting\ntimes can amount to several years, resulting in a significant delay in providing asylum-seekers with the\nnecessary documents. Reasons are not always provided for decisions to reject applications for refugee\nstatus, and the Appeals Commission has not met in years, which creates protracted asylum-seeker\nsituations. Moreover, refugees are not always well informed about the appeal process, and mandatory\nattendance at this Kinshasa-based process is difficult for refugees living in the provinces.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe [2002 Refugee Law provides asylum-seekers with the right to stay in the country based on an asylum-](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nseeker attestation that is provided by the Government upon application for asylum. The asylum-seeker\nattestation has the validity of a temporary residence permit and is valid for the duration of the RSD\nprocedure. Once refugee status has been granted by CNR, whether through prima facie or individual RSD\nprocedures, the law stipulates that refugees can stay in the country based on a refugee ID card that is\nvalid for two years, renewable free of charge and has the same status as the residence permit provided to\nforeigners. In practice and depending on the hosting location, some refugees have a refugee ID card and\nothers a refugee attestation. The renewal process for refugee ID cards and attestations is facilitated by\nUNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior as part of the refugee registration and verification exercises. Once\nregularized and implemented, the Government\u2019s pledge at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum to offer\n200,000 Rwandan refugees a residence permit with a validity of 10 years following cessation of their\nrefugee status, as well as to facilitate access to civil status documents for Rwandan children born in the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo and former Angolan refugees who have not returned home, is expected\nto improve legal security for these populations.\n\n\n[The Constitution and the 2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo) also grant refugees the right to seek asylum and clearly set\nout the principle of non-refoulement in line with international standards. The 2002 Refugee Law also sets\nout that in the event of a deportation order against a refugee, the refugee should be referred to the CNR\nand that if the order is maintained, UNHCR should be engaged. Additional protection is provided by Order\nNo 1983-033 of 1983 on policing foreigners (hereafter referred to as [the Foreigners Law), which stipulates](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,,COD,456d621e2,3ae6b4e010,0.html)\nthat a deportation order shall not be made against a foreigner who holds a residence card or who is a\nrefugee unless the National Immigration Commission has given its opinion. In practice, refoulement has\ngenerally not been a significant threat to any refugee population in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nand UNHCR observes that law enforcement authorities generally refer asylum-seekers or refugees with\nexpired or no asylum application receipts or refugee IDs to CNR and do not expel or deport them. However,\nin December 2019, the National Army expelled 2,000 individuals to Rwanda without due process, alleging\nthat they were active fighters or their dependents. Among this group were at least 550 women and\nchildren recognized by the CNR as refugees. This incident of expulsion occurred in the context of a military\noperation in North and South Kivu that was designed to put an end to the operations of various militia.\nThere is no indication that similar imminent risks exist for refugees from the Central African Republic,\nBurundi or South Sudan.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[The Refugee Law and Decree 03/014 on CNR provide the National Commission for refugees (CNR) with](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nthe institutional responsibility for refugee affairs under the overall authority of the Ministry of Interior (MoI).\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThese policies stipulate that CNR consists of one representative of each of the Ministries of Interior,\nForeign Affairs, Defence, Justice, Human Rights, Social Affairs, Health, Labour and Social Security, as well\nas one representative of the Intelligence Agency, the National Police and the Directorate of Migration, one\nCNR Permanent Secretary and an observer seat for UNHCR, which may be consulted. CNR membership\ndoes not include representatives from the refugee, host or donor communities, nor are there any formalized\nconnections with other coordination structures such as those linked to development planning.\n\n\nThe aforementioned legislation also stipulates that CNR is: chaired by the Ministry of Interior, which also\nprovides its Secretariat; convenes at least once a month; has one or more subnational level structures; and\nthat its operating costs should be included in the subsidiary State budget complemented where needed\nwith international aid, donations and gifts. CNR responsibilities explicitly include collaboration and\ncoordination with concerned Ministries in their respective areas of responsibility, including food, health,\nhousing and education. There are no specific provisions or other policies that articulate how this\ncollaboration and coordination should be operationalized among the various government entities. In\npractice, national and subnational CNR coordination meetings are ad hoc, and coordination processes are\nnot well established. When CNR convenes, its focus is mostly on the adjudication of RSD decisions and\nless on the other refugee management responsibilities assigned to CNR. The full CNR budget, including\noperating costs relating to RSD, is financed by UNCHR.\n\n\nRefugee leadership committees established in line with camp regulations serve, inter alia, to obtain\nrefugee input and feedback on decisions taken by the Government (see also section 1.2 on social cohesion).\nThe committees are functional in camp settings and meet with CNR, UNHCR and other national and\ninternational humanitarian organizations on a regular basis. The camp regulations set out that refugees\nare elected for one year and that the election takes place in line with international standards and with\nrespect to gender and diversity considerations. This is also happening in practice.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census in the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo, which is also not regularly implemented (the most recent census dates back to 1984). First\nsteps have been taken by some national entities to include refugees in administrative data collection\nsystems at sectoral level. The Office National de l\u2019Emploi (ONEM) for instance registers job-seeking\nrefugees in its database in the same manner as nationals, based on a memorandum of understanding\nsigned between ONEM and UNHCR in 2019. Similarly, initial steps have been taken to include refugees in\nnational survey data. The Institut National de la Statistique (INS) has been conducting a socioeconomic\nhousehold survey among refugees living in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi in 2019 and plans to conduct a\nsimilar survey among Burundians in South and Nord Kivu in 2021. This is a first step of sensitizing the INS\nto refugee statistics and integrating them into methodologies used for national statistics.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[The 2002 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) provides that all registered asylum-seekers should be issued with an asylumseeker attestation, and that all recognized refugees should be issued with a refugee ID card attesting to\ntheir identity and a travel document for the purpose of travel abroad. The law also stipulates that the\nMinistry of Interior is responsible for issuing the refugee ID cards.\n\n\nIn practice, although CNR leads the registration process on behalf of Ministry of Interior and signs off on\nasylum-seeker attestations and refugee ID cards, UNHCR provides significant support. CNR has taken on\nmore responsibility for registration and is expected to take the lead in initial registration in 2021. Currently,\n100 per cent of registered asylum-seekers are in possession of attestation documents and 16 per cent of\nall recognized refugees are in possession of refugee ID cards.\n\n\nHowever, national and subnational authorities, law enforcement entities, and the private sector do not\nalways effectively recognize asylum-seeker attestation or refugee ID cards.\n\n\n[The 2002 Refugee Law grants recognized refugees and their family members the right to obtain a birth,](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\n[death, marriage or other civil status document under the same conditions as nationals. The Family Code](https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Code%20de%20la%20famille/Loi.15.07.2016.html)\nas amended in 2016 details the relevant procedures and administrative requirements. Under this policy\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9849509000778198, - "start": 397, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "census", - "confidence": 0.5379636883735657, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo", - "confidence": 0.9961482286453247, - "start": 402, - "end": 407 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1984", - "confidence": 0.9933146834373474, - "start": 422, - "end": 423 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8534337878227234, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national survey data", - "confidence": 0.5047385096549988, - "start": 496, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7573437094688416, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kinshasa and Lubumbashi", - "confidence": 0.729256272315979, - "start": 520, - "end": 523 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5455576777458191, - "start": 583, - "end": 584 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9659210443496704, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "job-seeking\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.9027299284934998, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum-seeker attestations", - "confidence": 0.9445172548294067, - "start": 667, - "end": 669 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5255869030952454, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8932384848594666, - "start": 698, - "end": 699 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8728654384613037, - "start": 706, - "end": 708 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nframework, registration of vital events should take place within 30 days and is free of charge. Oral\ntranslations and copies of acts can be supplied free of charge if they are needed for administrative\npurposes. In practice, implementation of the policy and institutional framework for vital events registration\nis limited and as a result, both refugees and nationals lack access to civil documentation. In rural areas,\nthere are no civil registrars or documentation services. As such, to a certain extent, refugees and host\ncommunities living in and around refugee camps in rural areas might have better access than nationals\nliving in other rural parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, since UNHCR and humanitarian\npartners tend to facilitate such services in the camps for both population groups.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThere are no reliable datasets that compare levels of security, justice or gender-based violence (GBV)\nbetween refugees and nationals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, based on UNHCR\nobservations, the level of security, justice and GBV experienced by refugees is comparable to that enjoyed\nby nationals living in the same areas, albeit with some differences as set out below.\n\n\nThere are various applicable laws, policies and action plans in relation to refugee access to justice and\n[security and the prevention and deterrence of GBV. The 2002 Refugee Law grants refugees the same](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nrights to access to courts and tribunals as nationals, and grants asylum-seekers the right to free legal\ncounsel and, at the asylum-seekers own expense, an interpreter to support them during the asylum\nprocess. The [Constitution and the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo) [Penal Code](http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Tables/droit_penal.htm) grant all persons in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\naccess to civil and criminal justice, regardless of their asylum-seeker or refugee status. This includes the\nright to free legal aid in criminal matters. They place a strong obligation on the State to protect physical\nsecurity and eliminate and criminalize any violence, including sexual violence, committed against any\nperson in the Democratic Republic of the Congo regardless of refugee status. Relevant policies and plans\ninclude the National Justice Reform Policy [2017\u20132026 (hereafter referred to as the Justice Reform Policy),](https://bice.org/app/uploads/2020/05/RDC_PNRJ_2017-2026.pdf)\nthe Five-year Police Reform Action Plan 2020\u20132024 (hereafter referred to as the Police Reform Plan), the\n[2009 National Strategy to Combat Gender-based Violence in the Democratic Republic of](https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/-/media/files/un%20women/vaw/full%20text/africa/drc2009_snvbg.pdf?vs=5206) the Congo\n(hereafter referred to as the GBV Strategy), and sector-specific GBV action plans such as the Three-year\nPolice Action Plan to Combat Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018\u20132022.\nAlthough these policies and plans do not explicitly refer to refugees and host communities, they do also\n[apply to them in conjunction with the 2002 Refugee Law, the Constitution and the Penal Code, and can](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nbe implemented in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both population groups.\n\n\nImplementation of the policies and action plans relating to justice, security and GBV is, however, severely\nconstrained, mostly because they are barely resourced. Implementation is also challenged by insecurity\nand the limited capacities and country coverage of the police, justice, health and psychosocial sectors.\nThis is also recognized in the policies themselves; for instance, the [Justice Reform Policy](https://bice.org/app/uploads/2020/05/RDC_PNRJ_2017-2026.pdf) states that\nalthough the right of access to a court of law is recognized by positive law, its exercise cannot be guaranteed\nfor the most deprived; it also states that legal aid is currently not granted systematically and without\ndiscrimination to litigants because it is mainly financed by the international partners in specific regions and\nfor certain categories of vulnerable people. Traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are more easily\naccessible and can be accessed by refugees and host communities alike, especially in the refugee-hosting\nareas outside the camps.\n\n\nIn practice, with over 120 armed groups on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, insecurity,\nlack of access to justice and GBV are significant concerns for all people living in the country. In the eastern\nregion, where most of the South Sudanese and Burundian refugees reside, there are protracted ongoing\narmed conflicts, including severe cases of GBV committed by both armed groups and national armed\nforces. Transitional justice is rarely applied and impunity is widespread, in particular by members of the\nsecurity forces and armed groups (see also [2015 Peacebuilding and Reconstruction Polls: Eastern](https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/peacebuilding-and-reconstruction-polls-eastern-democratic-3)\n[Democratic Republic of the Congo, Harvard, MONUSCO, UNDP). In North and South Kivu, where Rwandan](https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/peacebuilding-and-reconstruction-polls-eastern-democratic-3)\nrefugees and Congolese Rwandophones have lived for decades, there has been significant insecurity and\nfighting over the past year. Refugees from the Central African Republic and host communities who live in\nthe relatively peaceful north of the country are better protected from insecurity. However, GBV and\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nobservations", - "confidence": 0.8631677627563477, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9304920434951782, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.9827066659927368, - "start": 184, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5994617938995361, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9323563575744629, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2015 Peacebuilding and Reconstruction Polls", - "confidence": 0.6667995452880859, - "start": 821, - "end": 826 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "eastern\nregion", - "confidence": 0.726118803024292, - "start": 760, - "end": 762 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9991760849952698, - "start": 821, - "end": 822 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\ndomestic violence in particular, as well as livelihood-related injustices, are still high among refugee and\nhost communities alike.\n\n\nThere are some differences between refugee and host communities in terms of the security, justice and\nprotection from GBV that they enjoy. In refugee camps, for example, refugees might enjoy more access to\nlaw enforcement and higher levels of security than nationals because police officers are assigned to\nsecure the camps, while they are absent in most of the surrounding host communities. At the same time,\nrefugees might be more vulnerable to suspicion related to membership of armed groups as well as\nabduction and other threats coming from their countries of origin as many camps are too close to borders\nto be safe. This is of particular concern at some South Sudanese and Burundian camps.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[The Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo) allows refugees to move freely within the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the\nsame basis as nationals, subject to administrative restrictions applicable to foreigners residing in the\n[country. The Foreigners Law](https://www.refworld.org/country,,NATLEGBOD,,COD,456d621e2,3ae6b4e010,0.html) grants foreigners the right to reside and move freely but obliges them to\nproduce documents and papers authorizing their stay on the request of any law enforcement officials. The\nForeigners Law also stipulates that asylum-seekers must live in areas designated by the territorial\nadministrative authority until refugee status has been granted. Additional policy restrictions exist for\nrefugees in the form of the 2013 refugee camp regulations, which stipulate that refugees living in camps\nmust obtain an exit permit when they move outside the camp. They also stipulate that this permit shall be\nissued free of charge by the camp administrator and that the refugee is in an irregular situation if their exit\npermit has expired.\n\n\nIn practice, these restrictions are not strictly adhered to. In some locations, refugees move freely in and\nout of camps without a permit, while in others permits are required. For instance, Burundian refugees\nliving in Lusenda refugee camp can travel up to 20 km without a permit, and further afield with permission\nfrom CNR. Regardless of the possession of a permit or refugee ID card, Burundian refugees are also\ngenerally at a higher risk of GBV, harassment and extortion by law enforcement personnel when they\nmove beyond the areas where they are best known.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe 2002 Refugee Law grants recognized refugees the same treatment as nationals as regards their right\nto exercise a professional activity. This includes the right to open a business and register it in one\u2019s own\nname, worker protections and the right to practice a liberal profession in the case of refugees who hold\ndiplomas recognized by the competent authorities. Employers usually consider refugees as they would do\nwith normal foreigners and apply the normal administrative restrictions applicable to all other foreigners.\nHowever, in practice, refugees face serious difficulties in being recruited for paid employment.\n\n\nLaw No 015/2002 of 16 October 2002 implementing the Labour Code (hereafter referred to as the Labour\nCode) sets out the legal framework for the right to work and rights at work in the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo. The Code applies to all workers and employers in the public and private sector, as well as to\nsmall and medium-sized enterprises and small and medium-sized industries in the informal sector and to\nsocial, cultural, community and philanthropic organizations using paid workers. As per the Labour Code,\nforeigners can only exercise their right to work if they are in possession of a work permit provided by the\nCommission Nationale de l\u2019Emploi des Etrangers for a fee. This fee and the procedural and administrative\n[requirements for obtaining the work permit are further detailed in Interministerial Order 032 of 10 March](http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/DroitSocial/AIM.032.10.03.1994.htm)\n[1994 establishing the work permit fee for foreigners and the Budget and Instruction 056/93 of 10 November](http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/DroitSocial/AIM.032.10.03.1994.htm)\n1993 on the processing of foreigner work permit application files. Ministerial Order No 121/CAB.MIN/\nTPS/112/2005 of 2005 sets maximum permitted percentages for foreign workers in enterprises, which is\nan additional restriction on foreigners\u2019 access to work.\n\n\nHowever, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has established a strong legal practice whereby it does\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nnot apply the foreigner requirements to refugees and truly treats them as per the laws applicable to\nnationals. That said, the Labour Code does not give national women the ability to work in the same kind\nof jobs as men. The Code stipulates that a doctor should verify that work for which women are responsible\ndoes not exceed their strength and that if a job is found to be beyond a woman\u2019s strength, then she should\nbe given a different assignment (the same applies in the case of children and persons with disabilities). If\nreallocation is not possible, the contract must be terminated. These restrictions also apply to refugee\nwomen.\n\n\nIn practice, high levels of unemployment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo make access to formal\nand informal employment difficult for refugees and host communities alike. The situation is particularly\ndire for refugees living in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. In rural areas, most refugees are farmers and either\nwork for members of the host community or, less frequently, have access to arable lands generously made\navailable by local authorities. While verifiable data is not available, UNHCR estimates that less than 1 per\ncent of the refugee population is formally employed. Some employers are hesitant to hire refugees formally\nbecause of work inspectors who do not recognize refugees\u2019 right to work. However, once refugees are\nregistered in the ONEM database for employment matching services, they receive the official job-seekers\ncard (carte de demandeur d\u2019emploi) issued by ONEM, in the same way as nationals. This might help to\nassuage employers\u2019 fears.\n\n\nIn 2012, the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created a one-stop shop (Guichet\nUnique) to facilitate the procedure for legally registering and opening a business for nationals and other\nentitled persons. This procedure takes three days, and no additional administrative restrictions or barriers\nfor refugees are identified in the relevant regulations (Decree No 12/045 of 1 November 2012 on the\ncreation, organization and operation of the one-stop shop for business creation; 035/CAB/MIN/J&DH/2013\nof 4 March 2013 on the manual of procedures for the one-stop shop for business creation). In practice,\nalthough reliable statistics are not available, UNHCR is not aware of any refugees having used the onestop shop to register businesses.\n\n\nIn November 2017, UNHCR organized a workshop on refugee employment in Kinshasa in partnership with\nthe Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Welfare. The objective of this workshop was to inform the\nparticipants about refugees\u2019 right to work and to provide a framework for reflection, debate and analysis\nregarding the problems of access to employment for refugees, in order to identify clear actions in terms of\nalternative ways of promoting refugees\u2019 access to decent jobs and work-related documents. At the end of\nthis workshop, it was noted that procedures needed to be adopted for application of the Labour Code and\n[the 2002 Refugee Law, in order to improve the inclusion of refugees in the labour market, which has not](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3f5363f22&skip=0&query=Law%20No.%20021/2002%20congo)\nbeen the case during the period under review.\n\n\nThe Labour Code prohibits child labour and stipulates that under equal conditions of work, professional\nqualifications and performance, wages must be equal for all workers, regardless of their origin, sex and\nage. In practice, most refugees accept work for less money than would be paid for a national and child\nlabour does exist, particularly in relation to mining work and the mineral supply chain.\n\n\nTo date, no data has been made available regarding any restrictions, in policy or practice, on the right of\nrefugees holding diplomas recognized by the competent authorities to practise a liberal profession.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nAs per the [Constitution, the state owns all land in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The government](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=46caa1292&skip=0&query=Constitution%20de%20la%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo)\nhas the authority to grant concessions on land and other resources. Permanent concessions can only be\ngranted to nationals. Foreigners can obtain ordinary concessions, which are granted for a renewable\n[period of 25 years (Constitution and Law 73-021 73-021 of 20 July 1973, as amended by Law No 80-008](https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/cd/cd003fr.pdf)\n[of 18 July 1980, hereafter referred to as the land and property law). The 2002 Refugee Law does not](https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/cd/cd003fr.pdf)\nexplicitly grant refugees the right to land, nor does the 1951 Convention regulate their right to land. While\nthe 2002 Refugee Law contains a general clause that does grant refugees the same social, cultural and\neconomic rights as nationals, it does not explicitly mention the right to land and consequently does not\nclarify whether or not refugees can obtain permanent land concessions.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nIn practice, access to agricultural land for the 25 per cent of refugees who live in the camps is negotiated\nby CNR with local authorities. In the areas hosting refugees from South Sudan and the Central African\nRepublic, as well as in some areas hosting Burundian refugees, land is available for refugee-host farming\ncollectives. Even around Lusenda, where land is scarcer and refugees more numerous, Burundian refugees\nhave partnered with their neighbours to improve farming yields. There is insufficient land to support\nindependent livelihoods, but kitchen gardens supplement rations.\n\n\nThe 2002 Refugee Law, in conjunction with the 1951 Convention, grants refugees the right to purchase,\nlease or use housing and immovable property in accordance with the most favourable treatment granted\nto foreigners. There are no public/social housing programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees can open bank accounts and access traditional financial services based on an administrative\nregulation issued by the Central Bank in 2018 that allows refugees to access these services on the basis\nof their refugee ID cards. Refugees have not reported any challenges relating to recognition of the refugee\nID card by commercial banks. However, refugees living in rural areas are isolated from financial services\nand in practice only a few refugees access them. The majority of the population of the Democratic Republic\nof the Congo is also financially excluded, as only 2.3 million adults (12 per cent of the adult population)\nhave a bank account (Making Access Possible: Report on the Diagnosis of Financial Inclusion, 2016).\n\n\nAlthough there is no policy basis on the subject, in practice, refugee ID cards are also recognized as legal\nproof of identity for registering SIM cards and opening mobile money accounts, as are national ID cards,\npassports and voter cards from refugees\u2019 home countries. Refugees have not reported any challenges\nrelating to recognition of the refugee ID card by mobile phone providers and do exercise these rights in\n[practice (UNHCR, Displaced and Disconnected).](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Country-Reports-WEB.pdf)\n\n\nBy presenting the required documents including their refugee ID cards, refugees can obtain key\nadministrative documents or certification recognizing foreign academic and vocational qualifications and\ndriving licences as well as vocational skills and other professional training. However, there are some\nadditional requirements, such as fees, that can be difficult to meet for refugees and nationals alike. As\nsuch, in practice, few refugees and nationals routinely avail themselves of these rights.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe 2002 Refugee Law, in conjunction with the 1951 Convention, the Constitution and the 2014 Education\nLaw, accords recognized refugees the right to enrol in primary, secondary and tertiary schools under the\nsame conditions as nationals. Under the Constitution and the 2014 Education Law, primary education is\nfree for all children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The national legal and policy framework\nprovides for specialized education services as per Framework Law No 14/004 of 11 February 2014 on\n[national education. The 2016\u20132025 National Education Development Plan](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/congo_dr_strategie-sectorielle-education-formation-2016-2025.pdf) exists to operationalize these\nrights but lacks financing and its implementation is limited.\n\n\nIn practice, most national and refugee children do not have access to quality education. Almost all schools,\nincluding primary, within the national system require one or several co-payments, although there is no\nlegal basis, including for teacher salaries, courses, books, school inspections by the provincial ministry,\nexams and infrastructure. School infrastructure and supervision are poor. During the reporting period,\nUNHCR built and financed some schools in hosting areas through collaboration with specialist NGOs and\nthe provincial ministries and in accordance with the National Development Plan. However, the refugee\npopulations are so spread out that many fall into other areas where no additional schools have been built.\nWhile refugee children are welcomed despite poor conditions and overcrowding, the presence of\nadditional pupils does not of course improve the quality of education received in already overcrowded\nclassrooms. As a result, the dropout rate is high, such that most school-aged children be they nationals or\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nrefugees do not attend any school. During the UN Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic Review, the\nGovernment supported a recommendation made to guarantee effective measures allowing access to free\nprimary education for all children, including children with disabilities, those living in rural areas and migrant\nchildren.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nThe 2002 Refugee Law grants recognized refugees the same treatment as nationals as regards the right\nto health, and the [2008 health law provides nationals, and thus refugees, with access to reproductive and](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/109917/136538/F-759347609/COD-109917.pdf)\n[sexual health services and financial protection to ensure access to health care. The 2019\u20132020 National](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/congo_dr_strategie-sectorielle-education-formation-2016-2025.pdf)\n[Health Development Plan](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/congo_dr_strategie-sectorielle-education-formation-2016-2025.pdf) exists to operationalize these rights but lacks financing and its implementation\nis limited. In practice, most national and refugee children do not have access to quality health care provided\nby the publicly financed health-care system, which is of poor quality and almost non-existent in rural\nareas. No national public health insurance system or similar financial protection mechanism has yet been\nestablished. UNHCR and its partners procure medicines and medical inputs to support local health centres\nand hospitals and provide other health services in refugee-hosting areas. However, this support is not\nsufficient to cover all the needs of refugee and host communities and is unsustainable.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe 2002 Refugee Law grants recognized refugees the same treatment as nationals as regards the right\nto social assistance. The 2017 National Social Protection Policy and Strategy exist to operationalize these\nrights and provide social protection to vulnerable nationals but lack financing and their implementation is\nlimited (see also section 1.1). In practice, vulnerable refugees might actually have greater access to social\nprotection than nationals because they receive more support from humanitarian organizations.\n\n\nA Social Protection Donor Group, co-led by the World Bank and UNICEF, is part of the international\ndevelopment aid architecture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This group could provide a\nplatform for dialogue between the government and international partners with a view to gradually aligning\naid, social protection systems and support for refugees and host community members with specific needs.\nHowever, the group is currently dormant.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe [2009 Law on the protection of children](http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/JO/2009/L.09.001.10.01.09.htm) includes a specific provision on refugee children, which\nstipulates that refugee children and children seeking refugee status, whether or not accompanied by their\nparents, close relatives or any other person, have the right to protection, care and humanitarian assistance\nand that the State will ensure exercise of their rights. Implementation is limited in practice, due to a lack of\nresources and capacities and the limited presence of relevant institutions. Policies are also in place for the\nprotection of national children, including unaccompanied and separated children and survivors of genderbased violence. The 2002 Refugee Law, in conjunction with the 1951 Convention, the Constitution and\nrelevant international instruments, applies these protections to refugees in the same situation. See section\n2.5 for GBV-related policies and implementation challenges.\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo currently has no national framework on trafficking in persons.\nHowever, at the 2019 UN Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic Review, the Government supported\nrecommendations to expedite finalization of the Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons and provide\nfor its immediate implementation.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to gender in\nthe majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment for refugees and host communities are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Land, housing and property rights**, because of more difficult access to land rights for women and girls,\nmainly due to traditional and customary practices;\n\n\nii. **Social cohesion**, because of the lack of women\u2019s participation and empowerment in both host and\nrefugee communities and community based governance structures;\n\n\niii. **Right to work**, related to discriminatory provisions regarding women\u2019s right to work;\n\n\niv. **Access to civil documentation and registration**, because of the implementation of legal reforms\ninitiated in the Family Code;\n\n\nv. **Justice and security**, because of weak access to justice for women and girls and impunity for\nperpetrators of GBV.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe most consequential differences or restrictions applying to refugees with particular characteristics in\nterms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Social cohesion**, because of existing biases held against nationals from Rwanda.\n\n\nii. **Civil registration and documentation**, because of delays and administrative hurdles in issuing\ndocumentation and legal identity that create risks of statelessness for refugees and other populations;\n\n\niii. **Security of legal status**, because of suspicions related to memberships of armed groups;\n\n\niv. **Justice and security**, because of high levels of GBV affecting women, girls and boys.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(][Ratification date: 19 Jul 1965)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (the ILO Social Security Convention), 1952][1] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2006] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Part I (general provisions); Part IV (unemployment benefits); Part XI (standards to be complied with by periodical payments);\nPart XII (equality of treatment of non-national residents); Part XIII (common provisions); Part XIV (miscellaneous provisions); Part\nXV (final provisions).\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **T H E D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f06ade8-ec54-3983-ab70-d39dffdc9d62/DRC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_317/raw/doc_317_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_317/raw/doc_317_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9dbfabb01e5e9e4a8d87283dcdc5c83e1c5edb91..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_317/raw/doc_317_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,396 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **SITUATION OVERVIEW**\n\n\n## 758,320 refugees\n\nfrom the DRC hosted in\nRRRP countries by the\nend of 2020\n\n## 76 partners\n\nparticipating in the\n2020 DRC RRRP\n\n## **US$ 638.7M**\n\ninter-agency funding\nneeds following 2020\nmid-year review\n\n## 22% of inter\nagency funding needs\nmet in 2020\n\n\n\nThe 2020-2021 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Regional Refugee\nResponse Plan (RRRP) brings together 76 partner organizations across seven\ncountries. As of 31 December 2020, 758,320 refugees and asylum-seekers from\nthe DRC were hosted in the seven countries that are part of the DRC RRRP:\nAngola, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, United Republic of\nTanzania, and Zambia. Thousands more are hosted further afield in Southern\nAfrica and elsewhere on the continent. By the end of 2020, the number of\nrefugees and asylum-seekers from the DRC hosted in the seven RRRP countries\nincreased by 32,276, as compared to the previous year.\n\n\nAt the end of 2020, the overall security situation in the DRC remained complex,\nwith continued inter-ethnic conflicts and armed attacks, particularly in the\neastern provinces of the country. Increased violence resulted in the continued\ninternal displacement of more than 5.2 million people, according to the 2021\nDRC Humanitarian Response Plan. This is the largest IDP situation in Africa and\none of the most acute and longstanding humanitarian crises in the world.\nAlthough the rate of outflows from the DRC was lower in 2020 than in previous\nyears, tens of thousands of people still fled across borders and joined refugees\nfrom previous waves of violence and insecurity. In 2020, refugees fled mostly\nfrom eastern areas of North and South Kivu and Ituri Provinces to Uganda, as\nwell as from Haut Katanga and Tanganyika Provinces to Zambia and other\ncountries in Southern Africa. At the same time, some countries reported a net\nreduction in the Congolese refugee population attributed to spontaneous returns\nto the DRC, suggesting a general stability in some areas of origin.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **FUNDING THE RESPONSE**\n\nFollowing a mid-year review, the 2020 RRRP required US$ 638.7M, and stood **22 per cent funded** by the\n[end of 2020, according to data recorded in the Refugee Funding Tracker. RRRP partners worked to deliver](http://refugee-funding-tracker.org/)\nprotection and basic assistance within the available resources, and many positive outcomes were achieved.\nHowever, underfunding also resulted in certain standards not being met, and scale-down or discontinuation\nof programmes. It also resulted in a lack of investment in long-term and sustainable interventions, particularly\nin the livelihoods sector. In Angola, for example, lack of funds prevented implementation of the Joint\nLivelihood Strategy, setting back progress towards refugees\u2019 self-reliance. In Zambia, only 10 per cent of\nrefugees could be supported with vocational and technical skills training, with many youths falling through\nthe cracks. Funding shortfalls for food assistance resulted in ration reductions and cuts to cash assistance,\nfor example in Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Tanzania. Other sectors were also impacted by\nunderfunding, for example in Republic of the Congo, schools still lacked appropriate furniture, including\nchairs, which negatively impacted quality of education. In Rwanda, limited budget affected referral services\nto secondary and tertiary hospitals and limited access to vaccination. In Tanzania, limited funding meant\nhost communities could not be included in shelter and non-food item (NFI) programming. In Uganda,\nunderfunding compromised capacity to provide mental health and psychosocial support, and hindered work\nin child protection and gender-based violence (GBV) response.\n\n### **COVID-19: ADAPTING AND RESPONDING**\n\n\nIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, RRRP partners reprioritized and reprogrammed, adapting to reduce\nthe risk of spreading the virus, and to address key needs and impacts. Additional funds were also received\nthrough specific COVID-19 appeals. Mitigation measures were put in place, including screening, social\ndistancing, wearing masks and handwashing, with protocols at registration and distribution points. Partners\nadvocated to ensure refugees and asylum-seekers were included in national COVID-19 response plans, as\nwell as social safety nets to offset the impacts of the pandemic. RRRP partners committed to \u2018stay and deliver\u2019\nduring the pandemic, rolling out risk communication and awareness-raising campaigns, and utilizing hotlines\nand community protection structures to respond to protection issues, including GBV. Health systems\nstrengthening was a priority, equipping health centres and training health workers, and establishing isolation\nand quarantine centres. Handwashing facilities were installed in households and public spaces, and soap was\nprovided to promote good hygiene. Partners provided cash assistance and NFIs to those most vulnerable, and\nemergency livelihoods support was provided where resources allowed. Children and youth were supported\nwith home-based learning, and schools were provided with assistance to safely re-open. The below highlights\nreflect achievements reached using RRRP funds, as well as new funds specifically for COVID-19:\n\n\n**Regional: 452,722** refugees, asylum-seekers and people from host communities reached across the seven\nRRRP countries with COVID-19 risk communication, awareness-raising, and information-sharing.\n\n\n**Angola:** **1,709** households received additional NFIs; **1,686** additional handwashing facilities established;\nand **682** students provided with remote learning support.\n\n\n**Burundi: 300** households received cash assistance; **60** health staff trained; and **5** isolation and **6** quarantine\ncentres established / supported.\n\n\n**Republic of the Congo: 75** health staff provided with training; **45** isolation centres and **12** health centres\nestablished / supported.\n\n\n**Rwanda:** **15,318** households received additional NFIs; **11,560** students provided with remote learning\nsupport; and **403** health staff trained.\n\n\n**Tanzania:** **26,300** students provided with remote learning support; **21,774** additional handwashing facilities\nestablished; and **217** households received cash assistance.\n\n\n**Uganda:** **20,843** additional handwashing facilities established; **278** health staff trained; and **15** health\ncentres, **4** isolation centres and **3** quarantine centres established / supported.\n\n\n**Zambia:** **23,440** households received cash assistance; **5,900** students provided with remote learning\nsupport; and **485** health staff trained.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Funding Tracker", - "confidence": 0.9915158748626709, - "start": 48, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "protection and basic assistance", - "confidence": 0.6402555704116821, - "start": 60, - "end": 64 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8987173438072205, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8769209980964661, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **ANGOLA**\n\nAs of December 2020, Angola hosted 23,420 Congolese refugees, who\naccount for 89 per cent of all refugees in the country and of whom 41 per\ncent arrived from DRC\u2019s Kasai Province in 2017. Congolese refugees mainly\nlive in Lunda Norte Province, with 69 per cent residing in L\u00f3vua refugee\nsettlement, and the rest residing in urban areas. Organized voluntary\nrepatriation took place between October 2019 and February 2020, with\n2,912 persons returning to the DRC, however subsequent intentions\nsurveys indicate only 10 per cent of the current refugee population would\nbe willing to return home. While the COVID-19 pandemic prevented some\nactivities from being implemented, RRRP partners worked together to\nadapt and maintain critical services.\n\n\n**Protection:** RRRP partners continued providing legal assistance for\nrefugees, with a lawyer providing services a minimum of twice a week in\nL\u00f3vua settlement, and 12 awareness sessions on national and international\nrefugee legal instruments conducted reaching 682 persons. Border\nmonitoring also continued, with seven missions carried out, along with 19\nmeetings with heads of the police and migration services and 10 visits to\nhost communities. Ongoing detention monitoring exercises also benefitted\n124 refugees. In L\u00f3vua settlement, 3,426 families were issued with\ndocumentation (Proof of Registration).\n\n\nCommunication with communities was a key feature of protection work in\n2020, with 68 mobilization and awareness-raising campaigns reaching\n1,070 people about public and personal health, collection and proper\ndisposal of waste, and COVID-19 prevention measures. RRRP partners\nconducted four awareness sessions on gender-based violence (GBV)\nreaching 500 refugees, and six awareness sessions on peaceful\ncoexistence reached 121 participants. Preventive messaging on child\nprotection directly and indirectly benefitted 4,601 children. Partners also\nlaunched a community radio initiative, regularly broadcasting servicerelated and general interest information for all residents of L\u00f3vua\nsettlement. Four helplines were also open and remained operational for\nrefugees to receive information and remote counselling.\n\n\n\n**3,426** families\nissued with\ndocumentation\n\n\n**4,601** children and\nadolescents\nreached with child\nprotection\nmessages\n\n\n**2** classrooms\nimproved\n\n\n**6,698** people\nreceived food\nassistance\n\n\n**273** people\nreferred to\nsecondary and\ntertiary medical\ncare\n\n\n**71** new admissions\nto community\nmanagement of\nacute malnutrition\nprogrammes\n\n\n**70%** of refugees\nhave access to land\nfor farming\n\n\n**6,555** people\nreceived shelter\nsupport\n\n\n**927** household\nsanitary facilities /\nlatrines constructed\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.983893632888794, - "start": 100, - "end": 102 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Congolese refugees", - "confidence": 0.5228357315063477, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education:** To adapt to COVID-19 restrictions, weekly remote classes were conducted for students in 3rd\nto 7th grade in groups of five to ten students. During this time, improved interest and learning was observed\namong pupils, with a nearly 100 per cent attendance rate. Face-to-face classes resumed for 6th and 7th\ngrade in October, with face masks and COVID-19 prevention training provided for students and staff. Under\nthe literacy training programme, more than 350 adolescents and adults were targeted from L\u00f3vua settlement\nand 100 from the host community, with classes divided into groups of up to 10 participants receiving three\nlessons per week. 369 out of 446 students who sat the examinations passed.\n\n\n**Food:** Food distributions were adjusted to double rations once every two months to minimize COVID-19\nrisks, and many refugees continued to rely on food assistance to meet their basic food and nutrition\nrequirements. Post-distribution monitoring in October 2020 indicated 56 per cent of households reported an\nadequate food consumption score, a reduction from 65 per cent in 2019, which can be attributed to\ninadequate access to markets during COVID-19 lockdown, alongside economic impacts of the pandemic.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** RRRP partners continued to improve access to health and psychosocial care by\noperating a clinic and small laboratory in L\u00f3vua settlement, with programmes in nutrition; sexual and\nreproductive health; and mental health and psychosocial support. The programmes applied a strong\ncommunity-based approach and were quickly adapted to ensure compliance with COVID-19 prevention. More\nthan 37,150 consultations were conducted in 2020, including maternity services and reproductive health\nservices such as family planning, and HIV/STI testing and treatment. All children under five years old were\nregularly screened for malnutrition, with severe cases being referred for treatment. The clinic\u2019s pharmacy\nremained stocked with a wide range of essential medicines and medical supplies, and a rotational health staff\nexchange system was introduced to increase clinical capacity and cover any gaps. Unfortunately, about half\nof planned training initiatives were postponed or cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** Refugees have access to land for farming and are provided with\nagricultural inputs to produce maize, cassava, rice, cowpeas, pineapple, sweet potato, sugarcane, tomatoes,\nground nuts and other assorted vegetables. However, poor soil and seed quality along with a lack of modern\nfarming techniques and irrigation systems present additional challenges. COVID-19 compounded these\nchallenges as the growth of markets for agricultural produce stalled. L\u00f3vua market in Lunda Norte Province\nwas inaugurated in September 2020, and is expected to significantly enhance trade, job opportunities, selfreliance and peaceful coexistence between refugees and host communities, benefiting more than 6,000\npeople. Additionally, L\u00f3vua settlement faces environmental challenges due to dependence on firewood and\ncharcoal for cooking. To minimize environmental impact, 2,475 trees were planted in 2020, and a campaign\non environmental protection and five environmental protection education sessions were held.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** In 2020, 156 transitional shelters were constructed for vulnerable\nhouseholds using sun-dried bricks and zinc roofing sheets, and a further 105 constructed by non-vulnerable\nhouseholds benefitting 400 individuals. Refugee Housing Units were installed for 202 households, and 40\nunits were used in public spaces. Finally, 138 family tents were set up to serve as emergency shelter. The\nclinic in L\u00f3vua settlement received new structures to prepare it for a possible outbreak of COVID-19, including\na triage building to screen patients, fencing around the clinic, isolation and quarantine centres, and a Refugee\nHousing Unit to host the medical teams conducting screening at the entrance to the settlement.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** RRRP partners continued mobilizing refugees to construct their own\nhousehold latrines and sanitary facilities, with 924 household latrines, 656 bathing shelters and 543 garbage\npits constructed in 2020. An additional 41 communal latrines were constructed in public spaces areas such\nas women\u2019s centres, pre-schools, distribution and registration sites, and the market. The host community\nwas also provided with 92 pit latrines. Additionally, 340 cleaning campaigns were conducted the settlement,\norganized by 20 hygiene and sanitation mobilizers, all pit latrines were treated with insecticides, and hygiene\nkits were distributed \u2013 all leading to a considerable improvement in the sanitary conditions of the settlement\nand a reduction in hygiene-related diseases recorded at the clinics. Notably, sanitation and hygiene standards\nin the settlement were constantly maintained in view of COVID-19 prevention.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **BURUNDI**\n\nAs of December 2020, Burundi hosted 79,491 Congolese refugees and\nasyoum-seekers \u2013 with approximately 30,400 residing in urban areas and\nthe rest in Nyankanda, Bwagiriza, Kavumu, Kinama and Musasa camps.\nBurundi\u2019s international borders were closed in March 2020 as a COVID-19\nprecaution and no asylum-seekers could officially enter the country.\nAlthough Burundi integrates refugees into its public services, Congolese\nrefugees face challenges to locally integrate, particularly those living in\ncamps as they lack freedom of movement and access to paid employment.\nCamp-based refugees are therefore provided with a full assistance\npackage by RRRP partners, while vulnerable urban refugees receive\ntargeted assistance.\n\n\n**Protection:** RRRP partners adapted programming to continue flexible\ndelivery of protection services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following\na biometric verification exercise completed in February 2020, registration\ncontinued throughout the year to reduce the backlog of approximately\n5,000 refugee status determination cases. Legal assistance continued to\nbe provided, benefitting 691 refugees in 2020. Training sessions on\nrefugee law and protection concepts were also rolled out, including three\nsessions for authorities in the provinces of Cibitoke, Rumonge and Ruyigi\nreaching 93 individuals; 10 sessions reaching 325 refugee representatives;\nand 10 sessions reaching 862 refugees and asylum-seekers. Partners also\nworked closely with the Government and the World Bank to support\nimplementation of projects promoting peaceful coexistence with host\ncommunities.\n\n\n**Education:** Access to education was strengthened through enrolment\ncampaigns, attendance monitoring, and provision of school supplies\nincluding for children with special needs. RRRP partners conducted\nawareness campaigns and distributed hygiene kits helped to promote girls\u2019\nattendance in school. Across the five camps, 25,618 refugee students were\nenrolled in school, including 4,710 in preschool (49 percent girls); 15,023\nin primary school (50 percent girls), and 5,885 in secondary school (45 per\ncent girls). All students received school supplies. Catch-up classes in\nKirundi were organized in urban areas to help refugee children integrate\ninto the national curriculum. School infrastructure was improved by\nconstructing one block of six classrooms and one block of six latrines, and\n\n\n\n**691** refugees\nreceived legal\nassistance\n\n\n**1,280** people\nreached with\nprotection training\n\n\n**25,618** children\nenrolled in school\nand received school\nsupplies\n\n\n**49,488** individuals\nreceived monthly\nfood assistance\n\n\n**158,331**\nconsultations\ncarried out in camp\nhealth facilities\n\n\n**25,535** children\nscreened for\nmalnutrition\n\n\n**5,920** people\nreceived shelter\nassistance\n\n\n**1,481** persons with\nspecific needs\nreceived NFI kits\n\n\n**117** additional\nlatrines and latrine\nblocks constructed\n\n\n**407** handwashing\nfacilities installed\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rehabilitating 44 classrooms. Desks, chairs, and shelves were provided for classrooms, and support was\nprovided for students writing national exams. In the five camps, 1,690 students (50 per cent girls) wrote the\nnational exam for the Congolese curriculum, with a pass rate of 89 per cent, while 284 students (25 per cent\ngirls) wrote the secondary school exams in Bujumbura, with a success rate of 56 per cent.\n\n\n**Food:** Distribution protocols were put in place to include COVID-19 preventive measures. Refugees relied on\nfood assistance to meet their daily nutrition needs, and remote post-distribution monitoring in June 2020\nshowed a marginal increase in the proportion of households consuming adequate food. Reintroduction in\nJuly 2020 of cash-based transfers (CBT) to purchase fresh food further improved food consumption as\nevidenced by a December 2020 survey indicating that the consumption of key macro and micronutrient rich\nfood had improved, particularly for female-headed households. Reintroduction of CBT was a key achievement\nin 2020, meeting the strong recommendation from the 2018 Joint Assessment Mission and 2019 Fill the\nNutrient Gap analysis. However, the transferred amount was lower than planned.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** In camp health facilities, 158,331 consultations were carried out, including 50,117\nchildren under five, 3,276 mental health consultations, 4,659 antenatal consultations. In the five camps,\n2,044 deliveries were attended to for a coverage of 85 per cent. Additionally, 11,518 urban refugees received\nmedical assistance, of which 8,223 had special needs. With support from partners, 20,227 children aged\nbetween 9 months and 14 years were vaccinated in the five refugee camps and the surrounding villages\nreaching 92 per cent coverage. RRRP partners conducted screening for malnutrition, reaching 25,535 children\naged 6-59 months in the community and in health centres, and severe acute malnutrition cases were referred\nand treated. With the COVID-19 pandemic and measles outbreak, preventive measures were put in place in\nall refugee sites in the country, including isolation centres, personal protective equipment, thermometers,\nhand-washing points and training for medical staff. An additional 90 medical staff were recruited under the\nCOVID-19 response.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** RRRP partners supported refugees to use free space between shelters in\nthe camp for kitchen gardens, designed to provide households with access to a variety of foods throughout\nthe year. At the same time, refugees wanting to grow and sell produce often do not have access to inputs\nsuch as seeds and gardening tools, and partners therefore provided refugee associations with start-up inputs,\nand supported the associations to identify household tools and local materials around the camp that could\nbe used for kitchen gardens. A total of 10 associations were equipped with start-up tools and capital, as well\nas skills training. Additionally, 20 persons with disabilities were trained in sewing skills, and provided each\nwith a sewing machines and others supplies to start their businesses.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items** : Shelter assistance was provided to 5,920 people, including 1,184\nconstruction and rehabilitation kits and 768 new shelters. 20 community kitchens were rehabilitated in\nKinama refugee camp and 192 shelters were rehabilitated in Bwagiriza refugee camp. Partners provided NFIs\nto 1,481 persons with specific needs, 15 percent of whom were persons living with disabilities. Other\nrecipients included orphans and vulnerable children from the camps and surrounding communities, who\nreceived kits comprising blankets, backpacks, soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, mat, notebook, rubber boots,\nand clothing.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** RRRP partners carried out activities to increase the quality and quantity\nof drinking water in refugee camps and nearby host communities. Overall, 47,831 refugees were served by\nwater systems, with all camps meeting the standard of 20 litres per person, per day (l/p/d) except Kinama\nGasorwe camp at 18 l/p/d. A solar pumping system was installed in Musasa camp which increased water\nsupply from 9.3 l/p/d to 21.5 l/p/d, benefitting 9,564 people, 15 per cent of whom were from the host\ncommunity. An additional 11 water tanks with a capacity of 5,000 litres each were also installed in camps\nand transit centres. Construction and rehabilitation of sanitary infrastructure improved the sanitary conditions\nand the promotion of hygiene in camps. This included 117 additional latrines and latrine blocks in the camps,\nhowever many more are needed. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, partners increased hygiene\npromotions in camps and host communities, installed 407 and repaired 162 handwashing facilities, and\nincreased regular soap distribution from 250 to 500g.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO**\n\nAs of December 2020, the Republic of the Congo hosted 20,830 refugees\nand asylum-seekers from the DRC, mainly in Makotimpoko District. The\nsettlement in Makotimpoko is prone to flooding and faces logistical access\nconstraints, and a voluntary relocation is therefore underway to an\nidentified site in Bou\u00e9mba District. By the end of 2020, 2,632 people had\nrelocated to the developed settlement in Bou\u00e9mba, in a process that began\nin April 2019. RRRP partners ensure that Congolese refugees and asylumseekers have access to protection and basic services, as well as livelihoods\nsupport, which is a priority. While the situation in places of origin remains\nvolatile, approximately 5,000 individuals have expressed their interest to\nreturn to the DRC.\n\n\n**Protection:** RRRP partners carried out protection monitoring in areas\nhosting refugees and asylum-seekers from the DRC, totalling 52 out of a\nplanned 60 missions in 2020. As a result, 30 protection incidents were\nrecorded. Also, 40 detention monitoring visits were conducted to assess\nthe condition of asylum-seekers and ensure respect for their rights. Mats,\nblankets and buckets were provided to the Bou\u00e9mba police station to\nimprove conditions of detention, and advocacy was undertaken to\nstrengthen authorities\u2019 understanding of refugee rights. With regards to\ndocumentation, 50 children received birth certificates in 2020, however\nthere remains a significant gap of 300 new births lacking certificates. To\nfacilitate the process and help prevent statelessness, 2,000 birth certificate\nforms were provided to local authorities. Notably, 8,827 asylum-seekers in\nthe Republic of the Congo lack identity documents. Best Interest\nAssessments were conducted for 21 children at risk, and two panels were\ncarried out to identify solutions for the children.\n\n\n**Education:** Authorities have supported the process of educational\ninclusion of refugees, reinforced by RRRP partners constructing the\nBou\u00e9mba primary school to promote inclusion and social cohesion between\nthe refugee and host communities. Enrolment campaigns reaching 90 per\ncent of parents contributed to 509 school-aged refugee children enrolling\nat Bou\u00e9mba primary school, improving the enrolment rate from 50 percent\nin 2019 to 87 per cent in 2020. Partners also constructed new\n\n\n\n**2,000** birth\ncertificate forms\nprovided to local\nauthorities\n\n\n**87%** primary\nschool enrolment\nrate, up from 50%\nthe previous year\n\n\n**80%** access to\nprimary healthcare\nand 70% access to\nsecondary and\ntertiary healthcare\n\n\n**2,588** children\nunder-5 screened\nfor malnutrition\n\n\n**300** refugees and\nnationals benefitted\nfrom livelihood\nsupport\n\n\n**333** refugee\nhousing units\ninstalled\n\n\n**90%** of individuals\nin settlements have\naccess to adequate\ndwellings\n\n\n**200** latrines\ncleaned and\nmaintained\n\n\n**22.8** litres of water\nper person per day\nprovided in\nBouemba\nsettlement\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "infrastructure and supported the recruitment of six new teachers, improving the pupil-teacher ratio. However,\nthe expectation persists in the refugee community that children support their families through farming and\nfishing, which impacts school performance and student attendance. The annual primary school success rate\nwas 60 per cent. In addition, 557 preschool children were provided with uniforms, canteens and school\nsupplies, however the annual success rate remained low at 42 percent, below to the national average of 60\nper cent.\n\n\n**Food:** General food distribution was hampered by COVID-19 movement restrictions, which delayed in-kind\nfood supplies. This, combined with budget shortfalls, meant that only two food distributions took place\nbetween July and December 2020, reaching 2,468 households in Bou\u00e9mba settlement. The reduction in food\nrations had a major impact on those living in Bou\u00e9mba, where nearly 800 households were threatened by\nfood insecurity, and consequently increased the risk of resorting to negative coping mechanisms such as theft\nand survival sex.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** Curative consultations were conducted for 18,930 refugee patients (10,821 male\nand 8,109 female), among them 85 who were referred to secondary and tertiary care. Crude mortality rates\nwere 0.14 deaths per 1,000 per month and under-5 mortality rate was 0.27 deaths per 1,000 per month. A\ntotal of 2,588 children under 5 years were screened for malnutrition and 107 were found with SAM and 256\nfound with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), with a total proportion of SAM at 4.1 per cent and general\nacute malnutrition (GAM) at 14.3 per cent.\n\n\nFor the Expanded Programme on Immunization, the coverage of Pentavalent vaccine was 70.16 per cent and\nmeasles vaccine was 59.78 per cent among refugee children. The coverage of Tetanus Toxoid vaccine was\n67.63 per cent among pregnant women. Regarding reproductive health services, 469 pregnant women\nattended antennal care (ANC) services, among them 300 completed four ANC visits. A total of 716 out of 746\n(95.79 per cent) total deliveries were conducted in health facilities by a skilled birth attendant, with no\nmaternal deaths recorded. Concerning HIV services, 2,756 refugees received voluntary counselling and HIV\ntesting, with positive cases enrolled in an antiretroviral care and treatment program. To prevent the spread\nof HIV and sexually transmitted infections, 60,669 condoms were distributed.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** RRRP partners continued livelihoods support for 300 individuals in the\nsectors of breeding, fishing, market gardening and food crops, with participants strengthening their household\nincomes. At the Bou\u00e9mba settlement, 60 refugees were trained in cultivation techniques, and 50 received\nfishing equipment including nets, hooks, and canoes to increase fishing yields. Assistance was also provided\nto host community in the fishing, breeding and food crop sectors, which contributed toward peaceful\ncoexistence and a spirit of solidarity. However, refugees and asylum-seekers continue to experience\ndifficulties accessing arable land and fishery resources, weakening the impacts of livelihood support initiatives.\nOther challenges persist in the livelihoods sector, namely the government social safety net program, Lisungi,\ndoes not include asylum-seekers from Bou\u00e9mba and Makotimpoko sites, while the locality offers neither job\nprospects nor professional training opportunities.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** RHU were provided for 333 families relocated from Makotimpoko to\nBou\u00e9mba settlement. By the end of 2020, the settlement housed 763 families (2,428 people). Overall, 91\npercent of refugees and asylums-seekers living in both settlements have access to adequate dwellings.\nHousehold items were distributed to 176 households, however, there remains a gap of 600 households due\nto stock shortages. Fifteen streetlamps were installed and maintained in Bou\u00e9mba settlement to provide\nadequate lighting and prevent theft and GBV risks during the night.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** Coverage of drinking water in Bou\u00e9mba settlement increased from 17\nl/p/d to 22.8 l/p/d. RRRP partners carried out infrastructure maintenance using a participatory approach,\ncontributing to the promotion of peaceful coexistence between refugees and asylum-seekers and the host\npopulations. Given the vulnerability of the water table to contamination, extensive monitoring and follow-up\nsuch as bacterial analysis and water treatment is required to ensure the quality of water. Additionally, more\nthan 200 latrines in Bou\u00e9mba settlement and surroundings were cleaned by trained hygiene promoters, who\nalso raised awareness in the community about managing household waste.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **RWANDA**\n\nAs of December 2020, Rwanda hosted 77,432 Congolese refugees and\nasylum-seekers, who accounted for 53.5 per cent of all refugees and\nasylum-seekers in the country. Ninety-nine per cent of Congolese lived in\ncamps, including 19,782 in Kigeme, 17,136 in Kiziba, 14,408 in Nyabiheke,\n12,292 in Gihembe, 10,907 in Mugombwa, and 1,991 in Mahama. Rwanda\nprovides a favourable protection environment with the right to work, open\nborders, and a high-level commitment to durable solutions as well as an\ninnovative environment supporting the integration of refugees into\nnational systems and structures.\n\n\n**Protection:** Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, RRRP partners continued\nto ensure Congolese refugees have access to core protection services,\nsuch as individual registration, birth registration, legal assistance,\ncommunity-based protection, child protection, and GBV prevention and\nresponse services. The 2020 Participatory Assessment showed that GBV,\nsurvival sex, begging, child defilement, child neglect, and teenage\npregnancy were the main concerns of refugee women and youth. There\nwere 301 GBV cases reported, and survivors were provided with individual\ncase management services. Awareness-raising on GBV was conducted by\n879 community-based volunteers and activists, with outreach including\ngroup meetings, door-to-door visits, parents\u2019 evening meetings, and youth\nclub events. Additionally, 167 new child protection cases were reported\nand referred to appropriate services, while 196 BIAs and 15 Best Interest\nDetermination (BID) were conducted for new and ongoing cases. The\ntraining was provided for 414 volunteers who supported child protection\nawareness-raising activities.\n\n\nRRRP partners supported 4,516 persons with specific needs with assistive\ndevices, community-based rehabilitation services, specialized medical care\nservices, supplementary food assistance, and psychosocial support.\nCommunity volunteers organized awareness-raising campaigns about the\nrights of persons with disabilities and mental health issues. Legal services\nwere provided to 1,159 refugees in camps and urban areas. Due to COVID\n\n\n**4,516** persons with\nspecific needs\nassisted\n\n\n**2,058** children\nreceived birth\ncertificates\n\n\n**24** new classrooms\nconstructed\n\n\n**3** health facilities\nrehabilitated\n\n\n**99%** of birth\ndeliveries attended\nby skilled health\nworkers\n\n\n**300** families\naccessed farmland\nfor agriculture\n\n\n**6,493** refugees\ntrained on\nentrepreneurship\nand business skills\n\n\n**100%** of refugee\nfamilies live in\nsemi-permanent\nshelters\n\n\n**283** new family\nshelters\nconstructed\n\n\n**844** handwashing\nfacilities installed\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "19 some court procedures were delayed, while in other cases representation of refugees before the judiciary\nwas conducted remotely. Refugees had access to valid documentation allowing them to travel and access\nservices provided to refugees and the host community. Introduction of birth registration at health centres\nimproved access to birth certificates and 2,058 children in the camps received birth certificates issued by\nauthorities.\n\n\n**Education:** 28,900 Congolese refugee children were enrolled in school, including Early Childhood Education\n(17 percent), primary (51 percent), and secondary (32 percent), following the national curriculum. Half of\nthe students were female. However, schools were closed for nine months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\nWhile the Government offered remote learning options, only about 40 percent of students pursued remote\nlearning due to limited access to radio and television. Additionally, 306 refugee youths attended universities\nacross the country through scholarship programmes such as DAFI, Maison Shalom, and Kepler. Twenty-four\nclassrooms were constructed in integration schools. For school reopening, RRRP partners supported by\ninstalling handwashing facilities with water and soap as a preventive measure against COVID-19, and\nfacemasks were distributed to students. Challenges persist in the form of overcrowded classes and lack of\nbasic facilities, such as science laboratories, libraries, ICT rooms, and adequate latrines.\n\n\n**Food:** All Congolese refugees in the camps received food assistance through CBT, and individuals with special\nnutritional needs received supplementary food with fortified blended food. Refugee students, along with\nnationals attending the same schools, received food through school feeding programmes. While the food\nsector experienced funding shortfalls in 2020, a joint appeal mobilized sufficient funds to avert ration cuts.\nMeasures were put in place to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including physical distancing at food\ndistribution sites and nutrition centres, and reducing bi-weekly distributions to monthly. School feeding was\nsuspended during school closure from mid-March until November, and alternative take-home rations were\navailable to all refugee families as a safety net to cope with the COVID-19 lockdown.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** In urban areas, 1,543 Congolese refugees were enrolled in the national CommunityBased Health Insurance and accessed services in national health facilities. Refugees in camps accessed health\nservices free of charge from camp-based health centres (one per camp, also serving the host community).\nServices include preventive and treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases, curative care\nfor common diseases, inpatient care, minor surgery, mental health, and psychosocial support. In total,\n154,690 consultations for primary health care were conducted across all camps, while 3,753 refugees were\nreferred to secondary and 1,336 to tertiary care. The health centre in Kiziba camp was developed into a onestory building, and the maternity wards in Nyabiheke and Mugombwa camps were rehabilitated. Reproductive\nhealth and HIV services were offered, and 1,935 babies were delivered, 99 percent of which were attended\nby skilled health workers. RRRP partners strengthened health service capacity by training health staff and\nCommunity Health Workers, reinforced the supply of medicines and equipment, and conducted communitylevel screening for diseases.\n\n\nHealth partners identified 619 moderately malnourished and 69 severely malnourished cases among children\nthrough community-based nutrition activities, and they were referred to therapeutic and supplementary\nfeeding. The average GAM was 1.28 percent in Nyabiheke, Gihembe, Kigeme, and Mugombwa camps, while\nthe figure was higher in Kiziba camp at 5.3% percent. In Kiziba, SAM rate was one percent, while this rate is\nalmost zero in other camps. Meanwhile, 2,038 children under 12 months were vaccinated against measles,\n96 percent of the targeted children.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** RRRP partners provided entrepreneurship and business skills training for\n6,443 refugees in camps and 50 in urban areas, focused mainly on bookkeeping, cash flow, inventory\nmanagement, and business advisory services. A total of 2,119 refugee entrepreneurs and businesses received\ncash grants of varying amounts for different purposes, along with 1,773 host community entrepreneurs and\nbusinesses. Furthermore, 1,225 refugees were supported to access land and agricultural tools for crop\nproduction. The farmers were also trained on modern farming practices and cooperative management, and\nmarket linkages were established with the private sector. The success of one of the projects, the Misizi\nMarshland project, in improving income, food security, and peaceful coexistence was an incentive for other\nrefugee-hosting districts to avail 93 hectares of marshlands to replicate the project model.\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In environmental protection, refugees planted 56,590 trees, including fruit trees, near their shelters.\nEnvironment cooperatives monitored environmental degradation issues, raised awareness on deforestation,\nand mobilized communities to plant trees.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** The main shelter and infrastructure challenge in camps is congestion, with\nno space for access roads or fire breaks and no available land for an extension to build new shelters. Due to\nenvironmental degradation, some families living in high-risk zone areas had to be relocated within the camps\nor to other camps. New shelters were constructed for 283 families relocated from high-risk areas, especially\nin Nyabiheke, Gihembe, and Kiziba camps. More than 557 family shelters were transformed from old plastic\nsheeting to durable corrugated iron sheets in three camps (Kiziba, Nyabiheke, and Gihembe). Three camps,\nespecially Gihembe and Nyabiheke, still have more than 1,000 shelters made of old plastic sheet roofing. All\nrefugee families in the camps received domestic items such as kitchen sets, and all girls and women of\nreproductive age received cash and in-kind assistance to meet their sanitary and hygiene needs. CBI was\nprovided to refugees, as a modality to address the basic and domestic needs.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** Latrine coverage stood at 26 persons per latrine drop hole, with a total\nof 2,912 operational drop holes. In addition, RRRP partners constructed 222 new latrines and 200 showers\nin Kiziba and Kigeme camps, and 616 new bathing stances in Nyabiheke, Gihembe, Mugombwa, and Kigeme\ncamps. Despite camp access restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no interruption in\nbasic WASH services, including desludging, solid waste removal, and hygiene promotion. Existing\nhandwashing stands were maintained, and 844 additional handwashing facilities were installed and distributed\nas a COVID-19 prevention measure. At the same time, aging sanitation infrastructure poses a public health\nrisk and is further compounded by limited space for new latrines. Water consumption stands at 18.8 l/p/d in\nthe camps, with consistent water quality testing, analysis, and monitoring to ensure the provision of potable\nwater.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **TANZANIA**\n\nAs of December 2020, the United Republic of Tanzania hosted 78,090\nCongolese refugees and asylum-seekers across three camps, mostly living\nin Nyarugusu camp. Among the total camp based Congolese population\n57 per cent were children while 23 per cent were women above the age\nof 18. Approximately 17,000 asylum-seekers are pending RSD review. The\nGovernment has maintained its strict encampment policy and restrictions\non livelihoods continue to result in heavy dependence on humanitarian\nassistance and negative coping mechanisms. Amidst the COVID-19\npandemic, RRRP partners worked to ensure preventive measures were put\nin place. Porous borders, inadequate health services in the camps, and\ngaps in sanitation and hygiene services put the refugee camps in a\nvulnerable position for COVID-19 transmission.\n\n\n**Protection:** Technical support was provided for the Civil Registration and\nIdentification Department to conduct biometric enrolment of Congolese\nnationals aged 6 years and above into National Identification Authority\ndatabase to facilitate the issuance of Refugee ID cards. Continuous\nregistration was ongoing in Nyarugusu camp, and 3,843 birth notifications\nwere issued for new-borns. GBV response interventions were implemented\nthrough survivor-centred case management, with 344 cases (272 adults\nand 72 children) reported among Congolese women and girls. All survivors\nof reported GBV incidents received appropriate case management and\nreferral services, including psychosocial support. Legal counselling was\nprovided to 299 GBV survivors, with five convictions. Best Interest\nprocedures continued, and 287 unaccompanied and separated children\n(UASC) received case management services. BID panels were conducted\nfor 68 cases. Through community-based structures, 42 vulnerable children\nwere identified in the three camps and supported with NFIs.\n\n\n**Education:** Ninety-four percent of the 34,010 Congolese school-age\nchildren (3-17 years) were enrolled in Early Childhood Development,\nprimary and secondary schools. Enhanced coordination and collaboration\nwith education partners resulted in a harmonized education programming\napproach, while advocacy continued for refugee children's inclusion into\nthe national system. To promote a safe learning environment, 540\neducation personnel and teachers were trained in the prevention of sexual\nexploitation and abuse and the teacher code of conduct. RRRP partners\nmade considerable efforts in 2020 to improve the education management\ninformation system to measure progress towards desired outcomes.\nAlthough this area remains a challenge, standard harmonized tools have\nbeen implemented pending the rollout of the Global Refugee Management\nSystem.\n\n\n**Food:** Due to funding constraints, general food rations were reduced from\n96 per cent at the beginning of the year to 68 per cent by end of 2020.\nHowever, rations for identified vulnerable persons was maintained at 100\nper cent. Refugees were also assisted monthly with supplementary\nfeeding where needed, including for prevention of stunting, prevention of\nmicro-nutrient deficiencies, and treatment of MAM. The food distribution\nmethodology was tailored to COVID-19 prevention guidelines, including\ninstallation of hand washing facilities at distribution points, social\ndistancing in que management, pre-packing food commodities for speedy\n\n\n\n**100%** of reported\nGBV survivors\nreceived case\nmanagement and\npsychosocial\nsupport\n\n\n**98%** of the 13,229\nschool-aged\nchildren were\nenrolled in school\n\n\n**96%** of birth\ndeliveries were\nconducted in health\nfacilities by skilled\nhealth workers\n\n\n**76%** of\nhouseholds have\nfuel-efficient stoves\n\n\n**61,000** reusable\nface masks\nproduced and\ndistributed\n\n\n**18,608** households\nreceived non-food\nitems\n\n\n**1,810** household\nlatrines constructed\n\n\n**26.1** litres per\nperson per day\naverage water\nprovision\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Identification Authority\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9558742642402649, - "start": 172, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Civil Registration and\nIdentification Department", - "confidence": 0.5670177340507507, - "start": 154, - "end": 159 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nyarugusu camp", - "confidence": 0.911015510559082, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Congolese\nnationals aged 6 years and above", - "confidence": 0.9117703437805176, - "start": 164, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported\nGBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.7064523696899414, - "start": 556, - "end": 559 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.5341463685035706, - "start": 557, - "end": 559 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "delivery and collection, and increasing the days of distribution from 5 to 10. These measures reduced the\nnumber of hours beneficiaries spent at the distribution centres. Scale-up of the beneficiary management\nplatform, SCOPE, also increased efficiency.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** Comprehensive primary health care and medical referral care services were freely\navailable to all refugees and asylum-seekers. The crude and under-five mortality rate remained above SPHERE\nminimal standards. Lower respiratory tract infections were the leading cause of mortality followed by neonatal\ndeaths and malaria. Reproductive health services, and basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric and\nneonatal care services, were provided through two health facilities. Coverage of complete antenatal care in\n2020 was at 91 per cent, with a 5 per cent increase compared to 2019. There were 3,552 new births recorded\nwith a hospital delivery rate of 96 per cent via skilled birth attendants. RRRP partners conducted blanket\nsupplementary feeding and targeted supplementary feeding for children under two years, pregnant and\nlactating women, and HIV patients to improve nutrition status and prevent micronutrient deficiencies.\nSupplementary feeding for management of MAM was provided for 777 Congolese children.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** RRRP partners provided ICT and e-learning courses for refugee youth,\nwhich benefitted 146 individuals to improve chances of gainful employment upon repatriation or resettlement,\nwhile 405 refugees received production kits or inputs for vegetable gardening to improve household dietary\ndiversity and nutrition. Vocational skills graduates used technical skills to be self-employed and support their\nhousehold\u2019s food and income. Additionally, 109 tailors (60 female and 49 male) produced over 61,000 COVID19 reusable face masks, and initiative in the camps that was hailed by Government authorities and partners\nas a successful lifesaving and livelihood activity. Firewood is still the main source of cooking fuel for 97 per\ncent of both refugee and host community households, however, as it is not available in the camps refugees\nsearch for firewood in the nearby host community forests. Lack of sufficient cooking fuels for refugee families\ncontinues to pose major protection concerns, as women and girls are often responsible with searching for\nfirewood, which exposes them to GBV risks. 31,000 tree seedlings were planted in the camp and 41,000 in\nthe host community, however this fell short of the 250,000 target due to funding constraints.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** Shelter kits and materials for upgrading roofs were provided to 599\nhouseholds, 30 per cent of whom were vulnerable people whose shelters were fully constructed for them.\nRoofing upgrades were done through a community-based shelter approach, with materials, tools, and\ntechnical guidance provided. This approach allowed RRRP partners to focus more on directly assisting the\nmost vulnerable refugees. Additionally, 140 RHU were installed for vulnerable people, increasing the overall\npercentage of those living in adequate dwellings to 65 per cent. Furthermore, 50 per cent of female\nrepresentation in the shelter committee and as incentive workers for construction was attained. NFIs were\nprovided to refugees in Nyarugusu, identified by multifunctional teams, refugee community, and the help\ndesk. Categories prioritized in 2020 included intercamp referral, persons with specific needs, protection\nreferral, GBV survivors, victims of natural disasters and individual referral. A total of 18,608 households\nreceived non-food items, and 3,647 women between 10-25 years years of age received sanitary materials.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** Fifty-four percent of households have a household latrine instead of\nsharing sanitary facilities. In 2020, 1,810 household latrines were constructed, partly through a community\nparticipatory approach and partly through construction efforts by RRRP partners. Other sanitary facilities such\nas communal washing slabs, improved drainage at tap stands and institutional sanitation facilities were\nconstructed and rehabilitated. RRRP partners ensured that all schools were provided with handwashing\nfacilities, reaching or exceeding the standard of 100 pupils per handwashing station. Twelve additional drop\nholes were constructed for schools; however, the latrine ratios remain below standard in many schools. The\nratio of persons per hygiene promoter declined from 638 to 888 persons per hygiene promoter, and\nsimultaneously the percentage of refugees with knowledge of basic hygiene practices decreased from 96 per\ncent to 91 per cent. RRRP partners provided soap at a quantity of 500 grams per person per month, enabling\nrefugees to practice adequate hygiene measures. Average water provision remained at 26.1 l/p/d for\nCongolese refugees. Solarization of boreholes and improvements in water storage facilities helped to eliminate\ncollection from surface water sources (Kaga River) and the camp now relies only on groundwater. This has\nincreased reliability, sustainability and stability of quantity and quality.\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **UGANDA**\n\nBy the end of 2020, Uganda hosted 421,563 refugees from the DRC, 90\nper cent of whom live in settlements in western and southwestern Uganda,\nnamely Kyangwali, Kyaka II, Rwamwanja, Nakivale and Oruchinga, with\nsmaller numbers in the capital Kampala and Uganda\u2019s northern settlements\nof Lobule and Rhino Camp. The majority of Congolese refugees are\nchildren (56.6 per cent). Uganda continued to implement progressive\npolicies for refugees and asylum-seekers, including freedom of movement,\nright to work and establish a business, and access Government services\nsuch as education and healthcare, in addition to land for housing and\ncultivation for refugees who live in the settlements.\n\n\nWhile Ugandan borders have been closed for asylum since March 2020 as\na measure to reduce the spread of COVID-19, the Government has applied\nexceptions and allowed people in need of protection and life-saving\nassistance to enter the country. More than 3,000 asylum-seekers from the\nDRC arrived in Uganda in early July 2020 during a temporary opening of\ntwo border crossing points in north-western Uganda.\n\n\n**Protection:** Government relaxed the COVID-19 lockdown and resumed\nprotection activities in mid-2020, notably registration, issuance of refugee\nand asylum documents, RSD processing and border monitoring. Measures\nto prevent the spread of COVID-19, food cuts, and limited livelihood\nopportunities exacerbated inequalities and heightened protection risks. In\n2020, the number of attempted and completed suicides increased to 346,\nfrom 151 in 2019. The number of GBV cases across Uganda\u2019s settlements\nalso increased by an average of 55 per cent, along with increases in\nteenage pregnancies, child labour, family separation, and severe forms of\nchild neglect. The pandemic has also exacerbated tensions among and\nbetween communities and several violent incidents erupted in 2020.\n\n\nAgainst this background, RRRP partners increased efforts to strengthen\ncommunity-based protection through empowerment of refugees, provision\nof material support, training and awareness-raising. Complaints and\nfeedback mechanisms, child protection and GBV prevention and response\nwere also strengthened through community-based approaches and remote\n\n\n\n**51,490** refugees\nwith specific needs\nprovided with\ntargeted support\n\n\n**76%** of children\nenrolled in primary\neducation and 7%\nin secondary\neducation\n\n\n**244,000**\nCongolese and\nrefugee children of\nother nationalities\nbenefited from\nremote learning\n\n\n**407,082** refugees\nreceived monthly\nfood assistance\nthrough cash\ntransfers\n\n\n**76%** of health\nfacilities in refugeehosting districts\naccredited by MoH\n\n\n**5,804** families\nreceived\nemergency\nlivelihood support\n\n\n**13,052** new\narrivals received\nNFIs and a plot of\nland\n\n\n**259** institutional\nsanitation facilities\nconstructed in\nsettlements\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "case management. Partners identified and registered 5,659 Congolese refugee children for case management\nservices out of 10,273 children identified at risk, unaccompanied or separated. Additionally, 28,422 children\nparticipated in community-based activities focusing on strengthening resilience and capacities to overcome\nprotection concerns. RRRP partners provided psychosocial or psychological services to 8,677 Congolese\nrefugees in 2020, and established a multi-partner hotline for tele-psychological services through which\ncounselling was provided to 1,300 individuals. Complaints mechanisms received and addressed feedback\nfrom 31,086 Congolese refugees. Access to justice was also strengthened through support to legal aid clinics,\nmobile court sessions and capacity building of law enforcement and judiciary. A total of 7,775 Congolese\nrefugees received legal assistance, and 18,661 were instructed about Ugandan and Refugee law.\n\n\n**Education:** Prior to school closures in March 2020, education partners supported learning in 314 Early Child\nDevelopment centres, primary and secondary schools for 323,386 learners in and around refugee\nsettlements. The pupil to classroom ratio remained high at 144:1 in primary school, and 96:1 in secondary,\nabove the national standard of 53:1. The COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent school closure rendered all\nchildren out of school. In response RRRP partners deployed resources to support the Government\u2019s COVID19 Response Plan, which is inclusive of refugees, to ensure continuity of learning through home learning\nmaterials, radio lessons and digital options, including tablets. Partners provided radios and scholastic\nmaterials, and trained nearly 900 teachers were trained in home-based education. Partners involved in mental\nhealth and psychosocial support (MHPSS) provided psycho-social support to learners while continuing\nindividual home visits.\n\n\n**Food:** In 2020, 416,914 Congolese refugees received food assistance in the settlements and Kampala either\nin-kind or through cash transfers. Due to resource constraints, general food assistance was reduced by 30\nper cent in all settlements from April 2020. The ration reductions were introduced almost simultaneously with\nCOVID-19 movement restrictions, limiting the possibility to offset the ration reduction with additional\nlivelihood opportunities. Fifty-nine per cent of settlement-based refugee households used medium or high\nfood-based coping strategies, 39 per cent higher than in 2019, and 60.4 percent had poor or borderline food\nconsumption score. There is a need to standardize general food assistance across the refugee response in\nUganda and roll out cash-based transfers for both general food assistance, livelihood, and food-for-assets\ninterventions.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** Efforts continued to improve integration of humanitarian health services into the\ngovernment health care system. Over 76 per cent of health facilities in refugee-hosting districts have been\naccredited by the Ministry of Health. RRRP partners continued to support the national health care system as\nwell as health facilities and referral services in and around refugee settlements. As a result, equitable access\nand quality of health services improved despite resource constraints and competing priorities. The health\nfacility utilization rate for Congolese refugees remained stable at 1.6, while the number of consultations per\nclinician per day remained high at 59 in 2020. Under-five mortality rates improved to 0.22 death per 1,000\nchildren per month compared to 0.36 at the end of 2019. Some 87 per cent of severely malnourished\nCongolese children recovered. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, partners established institutional\nquarantine and treatment centres across refugee-hosting districts and supported district health facilities to\nimprove health service delivery for refugees and host community members.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** The COVID-19 pandemic and Government measures to contain its spread\nnegatively affected refugees\u2019 livelihoods. Reduced food assistance added to this burden. In response, RRRP\npartners stepped up quick-impact and labour-intensive income-generating activities including joint host and\nrefugee agricultural projects and local production initiatives (masks, underwear, etc). More than 5,800\nhouseholds benefitted from emergency livelihoods support throughout 2020. At the same time, a gap\nremained in more sustainable options, with low numbers of families benefitting from income-generating\nactivities or long-term employment. At the same time, green livelihoods activities such as beekeeping and\nagroforestry continued to be supported, in addition to community mobilization and awareness-raising,\nenvironmental restoration and protection, and raising tree seedlings and tree growing to reduce\nenvironmental impact in refugee-hosting districts. In 2020, 640 Congolese refugees were engaged in green\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "livelihoods and 2,225 hectares of woodlots were established and maintained. Partners also supported 9,252\nhouseholds to have access to energy-saving equipment.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** With COVID-19 border closures for asylum-seekers in March 2020, all transit\ncentres along the Ugandan border with DRC were also closed. All 13,052 new arrivals from the DRC who\narrived prior to the border closures and during the temporary opening of borders in July received emergency\nshelter kits and were allocated both residential and livelihood plots. Several transit and reception centres\nwere turned into institutional quarantine facilities for the district. In 2020, 2,094 Congolese refugees were\ntrained/employed in sustainable construction to increase access to improved and sustainable shelter. Gaps\nand challenges in provision of shelters for persons with specific needs remain, however partners were able\nto assist 665 households with semi-permanent shelters. In order to meet COVID-19 guidelines, reception\ncentres were constructed and renovated, and a temporary transit centre was constructed in June 2020 to\nreceive Congolese refugees during a temporary opening of two border crossing points in early July 2020.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** Transition of water services management in the settlements to the\nGovernment continued with 8 per cent of total daily water supply shifting from NGO partners to the National\nWater and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) and Umbrella Authorities. In addition, 99.5 per cent of the daily\nwater demand is supplied through permanent water schemes, whilst only pockets of settlements which have\nrecently received new arrivals rely on water trucking. By the end of 2020, six water schemes in settlements\nhosting Congolese refugees were managed by Government utilities. Access to sanitation and hygiene services\nfor refugees and host communities remained low with 64 per cent of Congolese refugees having access to\nhousehold latrines by the end of 2020, while water provision dropped to 12.8 l/p/d in 2020 from 17.2 l/p/d\nin 2019 due to new arrivals and the aging of water systems leading to frequent breakdowns. In response to\nCOVID-19, pumping hours were increased in settlements and water attendants were placed at water\ncollection points to enforce social distancing and share information about COVID-19. Soap distribution was\ndoubled from 250g per person per month to 500g.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **ZAMBIA**\n\nBy the end of 2020, Zambia hosted 57,494 persons of concern to UNHCR\nfrom the DRC, living in three settlements \u2013 Maheba, Mayukwayukwa, and\nMantapala \u2013 with others dispersed in major urban areas. The population\nof Mantapala settlement is from the DRC, while the other two settlements\nhost refugees of various nationalities including Congolese. New arrivals\nfrom the DRC in 2020 originated from South Kivu, Haut-Katanga, and\nTanganyika provinces. The influx strained camp infrastructure including\nshelter, food provision and social services, especially in the context of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated the already precarious living\nconditions of refugees and asylum-seekers and eroded progress towards\nself-reliance and resilience.\n\n\n**Protection:** New arrivals from the DRC entered through Kaputa,\nMpulungu, Nsumbu, Kasumbalesa borders, where Government reception\nfacilities are in place. All new arrivals had access to Government\nregistration procedures following a COVID-19 quarantine period. Access\nto RSD was 100 per cent, while the acceptance rate was 95 per cent.\nAsylum and refugee certificates were issued to all eligible persons,\nhowever the pandemic hindered issuance of civil documentation including\nbirth certificates.\n\n\nIn Mantapala, 1,386 persons with specific needs were identified and\nsupported with cash assistance. To cushion the economic impact of\nCOVID-19, one-off cash assistance was also provided to 23,440 vulnerable\npeople across the operation, majority of whom were Congolese nationals.\nThe Zero Tolerance Village Alliance approach was introduced to reinforce\nGBV prevention, and RRRP partners scaled up efforts to strengthen the\nprevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA). A total of 9,008\nindividuals in Mantapala settlement and surrounding host communities\nwere reached through poster distribution and radio shows with\ninformation on GBV & PSEA alerting them to available reporting structures.\n\n\n**Education:** There are two primary schools in Mantapala, which mainly\nhosts refugees from the DRC. Total enrolment of 5,375, representing 70\nper cent of the school-age population, indicates a significant number of\n\n\n\n**1,386** persons with\nspecific needs\nprovided with\ntargeted assistance\n\n\n**226** frontline\nworkers trained in\nGBV-PSEA\nmanagement\n\n\n**70%** of schoolaged children\nenrolled in primary\nschool\n\n\n**16,148** refugees\nreceived food aid,\nout of which 32%\nreceived cash\nassistance\n\n\n**6** quarantine\ncentres and **3**\nisolation facilities\nconstructed\n\n\n**37,731** reusable\nface masks\ndistributed\n\n\n**2,595** households\nreceived direct\nlivelihoods support\n\n\n**100%** of new\narrivals received\nemergency shelter\n\n\n**164** handwashing\nfacilities established\nin schools, health\nfacilities and\nworkplaces\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children out of school, and 50 per cent enrolment rate among girls. About eight per cent of children attending\nthe schools are from the host community. Infrastructure at the two schools was significantly improved in\n2020 with construction of five teacher houses at each school and six classroom blocks to address\novercrowding, making a total of 35 classrooms were available and improving the classroom-learner ratio from\n1:185 to 1:154. RRRP partners also built additional WASH facilities in the schools. Furthermore, schools in\nMantapala received Grade 9 Examination Centre Status, meaning refugees learners can take official exams in\nthe settlement. In addition to eliminating the need to travel for taking exams, this is expected to improve\naccess to secondary education and increase the number of refugees transitioning from primary to secondary\neducation. The Government also approved the first secondary school in Mantapala settlement.\n\n\n**Food:** RRRP partners continued to facilitate improved food security through cash assistance, agricultural\nproduction, and market access support. A gradual shift took place from food assistance towards monthly cash\ntransfers, with the number of individuals receiving cash transfers increasing from 1,524 to 5,195 out of the\ntotal 16,148 registered refugees at the end of 2020. Other refugees received in-kind food assistance.\n\n\n**Health and Nutrition:** Government provides healthcare services in all settlements and deploys health staff\nunder the Ministry of Health. All refugees and asylum-seekers have access to primary healthcare free of\ncharge. Health facilities operate at primary health care level and refer patients in need of specialized services\nto higher institutions. Common morbidities were malaria, respiratory tract Infections and watery diarrhoea.\nThere was limited mental healthcare support due to lack medication and strengthened community support\nsystem. Essential medicines and supplies were often in short supply, and RRRP partners stepped in to cover\nthe shortfall. Although nutrition and HIV/AIDS activities were underfunded, 502 individuals received\nantiretroviral treatment and 8,320 condoms were distributed. The supplementary feeding programme\nbenefited 542 children with SAM and MAM, as well as chronically ill clients.\n\n\nRRRP partners also supported the Government\u2019s COVID-19 response by conducing capacity building,\nawareness-raising, providing personal protective equipment, and conducting screening. About 485 community\nhealth workers, community and religious leaders, community protection workers and health workers were\ntrained in COVID-19 prevention measures. Handwashing facilities, cloth facemasks, soap and sanitizers were\ndistributed, including 37,731 reusable face masks.\n\n\n**Livelihoods and Environment:** RRRP partners convened under the Poverty Alleviation Coalition to foster\njoint multi-year programming in support of refugee livelihoods. In 2020, 2,595 households received direct\nlivelihood support, reaching approximately 10 per cent of people aged 18 to 59 years. Business capital grants\nwere also provided to 742 individuals via mobile money, and 150 other skilled workers were linked with\nincome-generating activities to offset the economic impacts of COVID-19. To promote skills acquisition and\ndevelopment, 75 youths received scholarships to complete vocational skills courses at District training centres.\nPrivate sector engagement was also scaled up to strengthen the value chain and market linkages. In Meheba\nsettlement, a market aggregation and mini value addition centre were established, and rice producers were\nlinked to offtake market.\n\n\n**Shelter and Non-Food Items:** All new arrivals to the settlements received emergency shelter and were\nallocated a plot. RRRP partners continue to encourage refugees and asylum-seekers to construct permanent\nshelters using affordable local materials. To this end, a vocational skills centre was established to provide a\nlearning platform on construction techniques.\n\n\n**Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:** Drilling and rehabilitation of boreholes increased access to basic water\nsupply for more than 105,000 people, including over 27,700 refugees, and more than 78,000 people in the\nhost community, along with 39 schools and 27 health facilities. Furthermore, 84,000 people, including over\n20,000 refugees and 64,000 people in the host community, gained access to basic sanitation. However, about\nhalf of the institutions and public buildings in Mantapala still need to be equipped with sanitation facilities.\n\n\nFurthermore, over 213,000 people, including 50,000 refugees and 163,000 people in host communities, were\nreached by hygiene and sanitation promotion campaigns, together with infection prevention and control\nawareness-raising with a focus on COVID-19. Critical WASH supplies including soap, menstrual hygiene\nmanagement kits, liquid chlorine and jerrycans were also provided to over 44,000 refugees.\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **COMPREHENSIVE REFUGEE RESPONSE FRAMEWORK AND** **THE GLOBAL REFUGEE FORUM PLEDGES**\n\nIn countries implementing the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) approach, strategic\npartnerships are established to include development actors such as the World Bank, the African Development\nBank, bilateral donors and UN development agencies, civil society and the private sector in the refugee\nresponse. Pledges made at the first Global Refugee Forum (GRF) in December 2019 support the successful\nimplementation of the CRRF approach, including in areas of employment, places in schools for refugees,\nresettlement, clean energy, infrastructure, and better support for host communities. 2020 highlights include:\n\n\n**Rwanda:** The Government of Rwanda contributed to the progressive implementation of the Global Compact\non Refugees (GCR), and made nine pledges at the GRF focusing on education, livelihoods, protection,\nenvironment, energy, and health. Good progress was made in supporting the implementation of the pledges,\nincluding developing thematic action plans per pledge, and putting in place a joint road map for the\nimplementation of GRF pledges. All operational responses are in line with this inclusive protection and solutions\napproach.\n\n\n**Uganda:** In line with GCR/CRRF objectives, efforts continued to support Government policies and protect the\nasylum space; support refugee inclusion, resilience and self-reliance of refugees and host communities; and\nexpand solutions, including third country options. Refugees have been integrated in Uganda\u2019s National\nDevelopment Plan. At sectoral level, costed comprehensive sector response plans have been developed and\nare implemented under the leadership of Government Ministries for education, health, water and environment\nand jobs and livelihoods.\n\n\n**Zambia:** Against its GRF pledge, the Government of Zambia included over 900 refugees in the National\nAgriculture Information System, paving way for their inclusion in the Farmer Input Supply Programme (FISP).\nRefugee farmers were allocated 700 farm plots in Mantapala, in addition to the 1,300 already allocated in\nMayukwayukwa and Maheba. Government also provided inputs to over 1,000 refugee farmers, 200 under\nFISP and 800 with funding from the African Union. Additionally, the Government increased its push for refugee\ninclusion in the national education system, with emphasis on accessing secondary education. This included\napproving examination centre status for Grade 9, approving establishment of a senior secondary school, and\ndeploying additional secondary school teachers.\n\n#### **COORDINATION**\n\n\nGovernments have a lead role in line with the Refugee Coordination Model. For its part, UNHCR coordinates\nthe Congolese refugee response amongst RRRP partners, in close consultation with Government counterparts\nand in collaboration with UN Country Teams and Humanitarian Country Teams. UN agencies, national and\ninternational NGOs, and other partners including development actors and civil society play key roles in the\nCongolese refugee response in the region.\n\n\nThe Director of UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Southern Africa, based in Pretoria, assumes the functions of\nRegional Refugee Coordinator and ensures an overarching vision and coherent engagement for Congolese\nrefugees in the seven countries involved in the RRRP. UNHCR also maintains regular linkages with\nhumanitarian and development partners in the DRC and in neighbouring countries to ensure regular\nmonitoring and sharing of analysis. There is also a strengthened focus on constructive linkages with regional\nbodies, including the African Union, Southern African Development Community, Common Market for Eastern\nand Southern Africa, and other regional bodies.\n\n\n**For more information:**\n[DRC Situation Operational Portal - https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/drc](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/drc)\nRefugee Funding Tracker - [http://refugee-funding-tracker.org/](http://refugee-funding-tracker.org/)\n\n\n\n**Contacts: UNHCR Regional Bureau for Southern Africa**\nJoan Allison, Head of External Engagement, [allison@unhcr.org](mailto:allison@unhcr.org)\nLisa Fergusson-Nicol, Senior Inter-Agency Coordination Officer, [fergusso@unhcr.org](mailto:fergusso@unhcr.org)\nMiranda Gaanderse, Reporting Officer, gaanders@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National\nAgriculture Information System", - "confidence": 0.99591463804245, - "start": 335, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.6187017560005188, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zambia", - "confidence": 0.9873061180114746, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8767247796058655, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DRC Situation Operational Portal", - "confidence": 0.9963957667350769, - "start": 648, - "end": 652 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5818212628364563, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **DRC REGIONAL REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN: 2020 PARTNERS**\n\n\n\n\n- Action Africa Help International (AAH)\n\n\n- Action Against Hunger (ACF)\n\n\n- Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA)\n\n\n- African Initiative for Relief and Development\n(AIRD)\n\n\n- African Women and Youth Action for Development\n(AWYAD)\n\n\n- Agency for Technical Cooperation and\nDevelopment (ACTED)\n\n\n- Ajuda de Desenvolvimento de Povo para Povo\n(ADPP)\n\n\n- Alight\n\n\n- Association for Aid and Relief Japan (AAR)\n\n\n- Association of Volunteers in International Service\n(AVSI)\n\n\n- Building Resources Across Communities (BRAC)\n\n\n- Care and Assistance for Forced Migrants (CAFOMI)\n\n\n- CARE International\n\n\n- CARITAS\n\n\n- Catholic Organization for Relief and Development\nAid (CORDAID)\n\n\n- Catholic Relief Services (CRS)\n\n\n- Church World Service (CWS)\n\n\n- Community Environmental Management and\nDevelopment Organization (CEMDO)\n\n\n- Danish Refugee Council (DRC)\n\n\n- Dignity Kwanza (DK)\n\n\n- Finn Church Aid (FCA)\n\n\n- Finnish Refugee Council (FRC)\n\n\n- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)\n\n\n- Global Initiatives (GI)\n\n\n- Good Neighbours Tanzania (GNT)\n\n\n- Gruppo di Volontariato Civile (GVC)\n\n\n- Handicap International (HI)\n\n\n- HelpAge International (HELPAGE)\n\n\n- Humane Africa Mission (HAM)\n\n\n- Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT)\n\n\n- Humanity and Inclusion (H&I)\n\n\n- IMPACT\n\n\n- International Aid Service (IAS)\n\n\n- International Organization for Migration (IOM)\n\n\n- International Rescue Committee (IRC)\n\n\n- Internews\n\n\n\n\n- Jesuit Refugee Services (JRS)\n\n\n- Johanniter International Assistance (JIA)\n\n\n- Kabarole Research and Resource Center (KRC)\n\n\n- Legal Aid Forum (LAF)\n\n\n- Lutheran World Federation (LWF)\n\n\n- Lutheran World Relief (LWR)\n\n\n- M\u00e9decins du Monde (MDM)\n\n\n- Medical Teams International (MTI)\n\n\n- Msamizi Training Institution Social Development\n(MTISD)\n\n\n- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)\n\n\n- Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)\n\n\n- OXFAM\n\n\n- Peace Winds Japan (PWJ)\n\n- People in Need (PIN)\n\n- Plan International (PI)\n\n- Practical Action (PA)\n\n- Prime Skills Foundation (PSF)\n\n- Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM)\n\n- Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SA)\n\n- Save the Children International (SCI)\n\n- Self Help Africa (SHA)\n\n- Tutapona\n\n- Uganda Down's Syndrome Association\n(UDSA)\n\n- Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS)\n\n- Uganda Women for Water and Sanitation\n(UWWS)\n\n- United Nations Capital Development Fund\n(UNCDF)\n\n- United Nations Development Programme\n(UNDP)\n\n- United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR)\n\n- United Nations International Children's\nEmergency Fund (UNICEF)\n\n- United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)\n\n- UNWOMEN\n\n- War Child Canada (WCC)\n\n- War Child Holland (WCH)\n\n- Water Mission\n\n- Windle International Uganda (WIU)\n\n- Women's Legal Aid Centre (WLAC)\n\n- World Food Programme (WFP)\n\n- World Health Organization (WHO)\n\n- World Vision International (WVI)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d1f55-aaac-38e9-b4d2-55d83abeb502/DRC%20RRRP%202020%20Report%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_318/raw/doc_318_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_318/raw/doc_318_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 56f8aa04735446aacd5a42849179d3850b3c055f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_318/raw/doc_318_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Democratic Republic of the Congo**\n\n_The humanitarian response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is severely underfunded. UNHCR is unable to_\n\n_adequately respond to the rising needs of refugees and internally displaced people. \u00a9 UNHCR/Sanne Biesmans_\n\n## **Overview of the situation**\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo remains one of the most complex humanitarian crises\nin the world. As of 31 July, the country hosted 520,00 refugees and asylum-seekers, the\nmajority of whom (74 per cent) live outside of refugee camps or settlements. Around 5.6\nmillion people are internally displaced, accounting for the largest internally displaced persons\n(IDP) crisis in Africa and among the largest in the world.\n\nIn addition, more than one million refugees and asylum-seekers from the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo are sheltered across the African continent [1] . Wracked by decades of\nconflict, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is also among the world\u2019s five poorest\ncountries. Around 76 per cent of the population live in poverty and 27 million people are food\ninsecure.\n\n\n1 Regionally, UNHCR leads the Regional Refugee Response Plan, which brings together partners across seven countries\n(Angola, Burundi, the Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia) to provide\ncoordinated protection and assistance, while working towards solutions and sustainability.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84d94a83-4b9e-4dee-8ad7-eb03473e865b/DRC_Consequences%20of%20Underfunding_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "groups forced more than 200,000 people to flee their homes.\n\nFor such a dire and long-running crisis, the humanitarian response is severely underfunded.\nAs of 30 August, only 33 per cent of UNHCR\u2019s requested budget of $225 million for the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo in 2022 had been funded, despite the massive needs.\n\n## **-------------------------------------------------------** **REFUGEE RESPONSE**\n\n\nAs part of a coordinated approach to providing protection and assistance to those forced to\nflee in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, UNHCR leads the Refugee Coordination\nModel, predominately serving refugees and asylum-seekers from the Burundi, the Central\nAfrican Republic, Rwanda and South Sudan. The operational areas at critical risk due to\nunderfunding in the refugee response are education, self-reliance and voluntary repatriation.\n\n## **Impact on Education**\n\n**FINANCIAL NEEDS:**\n\n - **$3.9 million** needed to enable refugee students continue their studies for the 2022-2023\nschool year\n\nTo promote access to education for refugees and their inclusion in the national system,\nUNHCR provides assistance through the provision of school kits, payment of elementary\nschool teachers' salaries and uniforms. In the provinces of Ituri and Haut-Uele, 22,882 (83.5\nper cent) refugee children are at risk of dropping out of school for the 2022-2023 school year.\nIn addition, the lack of funding prevents UNHCR from supporting state services for the proper\ninclusion of refugee children in the national school system. Improvement of the capacity of\npublic schools, particularly through construction and rehabilitation of school infrastructure,\nincreasing the number of classrooms and school supplies, and providing in-service training\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84d94a83-4b9e-4dee-8ad7-eb03473e865b/DRC_Consequences%20of%20Underfunding_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Impact on Self-Reliance and Economic Inclusion**\n\n**FINANCIAL NEEDS:**\n\n - **$8.6 million** needed to support the livelihoods of Burundian, Central African and South\nSudanese refugees\n\nAlthough the operation\u2019s strategy has a significant focus on promoting the self-reliance of\npeople of concern, UNHCR lacks funds to implement the self-reliance and peaceful\ncoexistence action plan for the three-quarters of the refugee population who live in host\ncommunities. In South Kivu, 500 hectares of arable land has been made available by the local\ncommunity to improve integration between Burundian refugees and host communities but\nfunding is needed for tools and inputs to work this land.\n\nIn the context of Central African refugees, livelihoods assistance provided by UNHCR and its\npartners currently covers less than 1 per cent of the total Central African refugee population\nand less than 5 per cent of the refugees in the camps. In Ituri and Haut Uele provinces, only\n6 per cent of the South Sudanese refugee population has attained at least sufficient economic\ncapacity to cover their basic needs. The lack of seeds and agricultural, fishing and livestock\ninputs in particular hinder the capacity of the targeted populations and to start incomegenerating activities.\n\n## **Impact on Voluntary Repatriation**\n\n**FINANCIAL NEEDS:**\n\n - **$12.8 million** needed to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of 35,700 Central African\nrefugees and 15,700 Burundian refugees in 2022\n\n - **$16.6 million** needed for return and reintegration of 12,110 Congolese refugees from\nAngola, South Africa, and Zambia in 2022\n\n\nUNHCR, with the support of its government partner the National Commission for Refugees\n(CNR), continues to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of Burundian and Central African\nrefugees even when logistics and accessibility conditions are difficult, by organizing convoys\nby road, boat, or air. UNHCR estimates that 35,700 Central African refugees and 15,700\nBurundian refugees would like to be voluntarily repatriated to their countries of origin in 2022.\nHowever, financial resources are insufficient to cover transport and essential household\nitems, as well as the human resources and equipment needed to support the repatriation\noperations.\n\nAt the same time, prospects for voluntary repatriation have improved for Congolese refugees\nfrom the Kasai region living in Angola, for those from Haut-Katanga and Tanganyika\nProvinces living in Zambia, and also from South Africa. UNHCR is facilitating safe and\ndignified returns for those who wish to repatriate to these areas and is planning to support\nreturn and reintergartion activities for an estimated 12,110 Congolese refugees from Angola,\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84d94a83-4b9e-4dee-8ad7-eb03473e865b/DRC_Consequences%20of%20Underfunding_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Firmin and his family prepare to board a repatriation flight bound for the Central African Republic._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Alexis Huguet_\n\n## **RESPONSE FOR IDPs**\n\n\nAs part of a coordinated approach to the needs of 5.6 million IDPs in the Democratic Republic\nof the Congo, the UNHCR plays a leadership role in the Protection, Camp Coordination and\nCamp Management, and Emergency Shelter Clusters. The operational areas at critical risk\ndue to underfunding are Protection (including women\u2019s empowerment) and Shelter\n(sustainable housing and settlements).\n\n## **Impact on Protection and Women\u2019s Engagement**\n\n**FINANCIAL NEEDS:**\n\n - **$18 million** needed to fund protection activities including the engagement of women in\ngender-based violence prevention, mitigation and response\n\nThe funding gap in protection and women\u2019s engagement for the prevention and mitigation of\ngender-based violence increases the risks of human rights violations for vulnerable\npopulations. In the absence of protection monitoring and funding for relevant protection\nintervention packages, survivors of violations will not be identified, referred, or cared for in a\ntimely manner, including unaccompanied children, children associated with armed forces and\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84d94a83-4b9e-4dee-8ad7-eb03473e865b/DRC_Consequences%20of%20Underfunding_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR monitors gender-based violence incidents and acts to support local organizations,\nprioritizing cash assistance, as well as comprehensive responses in coordination with\nhumanitarian partners as part of Gender-Based Violence Sub-Clusters as well as\nGovernment service providers. In the first quarter of 2022 with the limited funding available,\nonly 50 per cent of survivors received psychosocial care; 27 per cent received medical\nassistance in cases of rape within 72 hours; 7 per cent received security and safety\nassistance; 4.5 per cent received legal assistance; and 0.3 per cent received much needed\neconomic assistance.\n\n## **Impact on Sustainable Housing and Settlements**\n\n**FINANCIAL NEEDS:**\n\n - **$8.2 million** needed to fund the shelter response\n\nThe shelter sector in Democratic Republic of the Congo remains one of the least funded\nsectors, despite the ever-increasing needs due to recurrent population movements, an\nincreasing number of which have been triggered by violent attacks. At the present rate, four\nout of five IDPs will not receive adequate shelter support and will continue to live in inadequate\nand unsafe conditions. As a result, displaced people will be forced to sleep in churches,\nschools and stadiums, out in the open, or may resort to returning to their homes despite the\nhigh risk of being targeted by armed groups.\n\nThe funding gap creates particular risks for women and girls. Shelter programmes are based\non the most fundamental principles of protection and freedom from physical harm and\nviolence. Settlements on the whole, as well as individual shelters must be safe for women\nand girls, people living with disabilities, and for children and elderly. Adequate shelters are a\nkey factor in mitigating the risk of exposure to gender-based violence. Shelter and settlement\ninvestments are also crucial in preventing disease. In Ituri, for example, the low level of\nfunding for the shelter sector has led the spread of contagious diseases in collective reception\ncentres such as schools or overcrowded places of worship.\n\n\n**Rachel Criswell,** [Senior External Relations Officer, criswell@unhcr.org](mailto:criswell@unhcr.org)\n\n**Capucine Anna Jorda,** [Associate External Relations Officer, jorda@unhcr.org](mailto:jorda@unhcr.org)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84d94a83-4b9e-4dee-8ad7-eb03473e865b/DRC_Consequences%20of%20Underfunding_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_319/raw/doc_319_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_319/raw/doc_319_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9c6f355840af1c908af3f375add4271fad4f91f9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_319/raw/doc_319_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2638 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**30 June 2022 | Version 1**\n# **MAPPING THEMATIC** **AREA-WISE DATA FOR** **RWANDA**\n###### Summary of Key Sectors / Thematic Areas and Associated Key Datasets in Rwanda\n\n\nRakesh Gupta Nichanametla Ramasubbaiah, Economist, [nichanam@unhcr.org](mailto:nichanam@unhcr.org)\n\nUNHCR Rwanda\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AREA-WISE DATA", - "confidence": 0.7397599220275879, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Rakesh Gupta Nichanametla Ramasubbaiah", - "confidence": 0.6917832493782043, - "start": 48, - "end": 52 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9993218183517456, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n##### Contents\n\nSituational Overview .................................................................................................................. 5\n\n\n\nMulti-Sectoral Assessments and Cross-cutting Profiling Studies ...................................... 6\n\n\n1.1 Joint Post Distribution Monitoring (JPDM) ................................................................. 6\n\n\n1.2 Socio-economic assessment of refugees in Rwanda\u2019s Gihembe, Kigeme and Kiziba\n\ncamps 2016 ............................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\n1.3 Jya Mbere project baseline data ................................................................................ 8\n\n\nProtection Concerns ......................................................................................................... 10\n\n\n2.1 Demographics .......................................................................................................... 10\n\n\n2.1.1 proGres v4 fields that are mandatory include: ..................................................... 11\n\n\n2.1.2 proGres v4 fields that are optional (and thus have lower coverage) include: ..... 12\n\n\n2.2 Education ................................................................................................................. 12\n\n\n2.2.1 Education Sector Indicators and Inventory Assessments ................................... 12\n\n\nNFI & Shelter .................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n3.1 Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) - UNHCR ......................................................... 13\n\n\nWater, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) .......................................................................... 14\n\n\n4.1 WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Assessment ............................. 14\n\n\nEnergy & Environment ..................................................................................................... 15\n\n\n5.1 Energy Monitoring Framework Survey, 2017 and 2020 .......................................... 15\n\n\n5.2 Renewable Energy for Refugees (RE4R) Project ................................................... 16\n\n\n5.3 The Global Multi-Tier Measurement of Access to Energy Survey .......................... 17\n\n\nLivelihoods........................................................................................................................ 18\n\n\n6.1 Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Beneficiary Survey, 2019 ................................ 18\n\n\nHealth and Nutrition .......................................................................................................... 19\n\n\n7.1 Standardised Expanded Nutrition Surveys (SENS) ................................................ 19\n\n\nData Gaps and Recommendations .................................................................................. 20\n\n\nAnnexure ................................................................................................................................. 22\n\n\nAnnex I: List of Acronyms .................................................................................................... 22\n\n\nAnnex II: Administrative Geographical Classifications in Rwanda ...................................... 23\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KEY DATA SETS", - "confidence": 0.8403558135032654, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9744215607643127, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9876511096954346, - "start": 184, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "JPDM", - "confidence": 0.9923849105834961, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-economic assessment of refugees", - "confidence": 0.9428261518478394, - "start": 260, - "end": 264 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.6259043216705322, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.796217143535614, - "start": 274, - "end": 275 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8764268159866333, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "project baseline data", - "confidence": 0.9492679834365845, - "start": 405, - "end": 408 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Jya Mbere", - "confidence": 0.862676739692688, - "start": 403, - "end": 405 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.5022379159927368, - "start": 713, - "end": 715 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Sector Indicators and Inventory Assessments", - "confidence": 0.720130205154419, - "start": 924, - "end": 930 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9664938449859619, - "start": 1089, - "end": 1092 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.8251491189002991, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1094 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9694851636886597, - "start": 1096, - "end": 1097 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices", - "confidence": 0.5982964634895325, - "start": 1241, - "end": 1247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5596317052841187, - "start": 1250, - "end": 1251 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KAP", - "confidence": 0.7127911448478699, - "start": 1248, - "end": 1249 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6185211539268494, - "start": 1394, - "end": 1395 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Energy Monitoring Framework Survey", - "confidence": 0.9503043293952942, - "start": 1389, - "end": 1393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7410038113594055, - "start": 1392, - "end": 1393 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5447069406509399, - "start": 1394, - "end": 1395 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9123199582099915, - "start": 1394, - "end": 1395 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Multi-Tier Measurement of Access to Energy Survey", - "confidence": 0.5736700296401978, - "start": 1507, - "end": 1515 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5902460813522339, - "start": 1392, - "end": 1393 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6761727929115295, - "start": 1507, - "end": 1508 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Beneficiary Survey", - "confidence": 0.9922276139259338, - "start": 1667, - "end": 1672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9080758094787598, - "start": 1671, - "end": 1672 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9140857458114624, - "start": 1673, - "end": 1674 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5563262701034546, - "start": 1673, - "end": 1674 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Standardised Expanded Nutrition Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9888961315155029, - "start": 1820, - "end": 1824 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6251742243766785, - "start": 1671, - "end": 1672 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9838321208953857, - "start": 1825, - "end": 1826 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n### Situational Overview\n\n\nRwanda hosts about 127,340 refugees and other persons of concern living in camps and urban\n\nareas, as of June 30, 2022. The vast majority of the population are refugees originating from\n\nthe Democratic Republic of Congo (60.3%) and Burundi (39.2%). The refugees are mostly\n\nbased in five (5) refugee camps, after the closure of the former Gihembe camp in October\n\n2021: i) Mahama with 57,933, ii) Kiziba with 16,513, iii) Kigeme with 14,491, iv) Nyabiheke with\n\n13,781, and v) Mugombwa with 11,304. These camps and the Emergency Transit Mechanism\n\n(ETM) Centre are, respectively located in Gatsibo, Karongi, Nyamagabe, Gisagara, Kirehe and\n\nBugesera districts. [1]\n\n\nThe Congolese refugee influx in Rwanda is a result of the political and ethnic conflict which\n\nemerged in the Great Lakes Region during the 1990s and has caused an exodus of refugees\n\nfrom the DRC into Rwanda. An influx of refugees from Burundi arrived in Rwanda in April 2015\n\nin the wake of political instability and violence, which escalated following presidential elections.\n\nIn August 2020, UNHCR and the Government of Rwanda started the voluntary repatriation of\n\nBurundian refugees living in Mahama camp. As of June 30, 2021, a total of 30,001 Burundian\n\nrefugees from Mahama camps and urban settings have been repatriated. [2]\n\n\nThis data mapping document for the UNHCR Rwanda Operation provides an overview of the\n\nassessment registries, web portal listings and a comprehensive data collection effort to date\n\n(June 2022) of POCs in Rwanda. This document is intended to serve as a reference, to provide\n\nstatistics and evidence to inform policy and programming as needed, to a wider audience\n\nconsisting of government actors, humanitarian, and development partners, working for the\n\nPOCs in Rwanda.\n\n\nTable 1: Assessment and Dataset entries from different sources\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Listing|Number of Entries|Source|\n|---|---|---|\n|UNHCR Assessment Registry
(as of March 2020)
|64 assessments
|IM, UNHCR Rwanda Kigali
(Internal distribution)
|\n|Humanitarian Data Exchange /
OCHA (as of June 2022)3
|171 datasets
|HDX Web Portal - Rwanda
|\n|UNHCR Microdata Library
(MDL)
|14 datasets
|UNHCR MDL
|\n|UNHCR Raw Microdata Library|17 datasets|Internal distribution|\n\n\n1 [UNHCR Operational Data Portal \u2013 Rwanda, as of 30 June 2022.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/rwa)\n2 [UNHCR, UNHCR Rwanda Population Statistics - December 2021.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/90368)\n3 This portal includes all related to Rwanda, and not exclusively on refugee populations. In addition, all\ndata sources relating to POCs listed on this portal are already found on UNHCR MDL or RIDL.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment registries", - "confidence": 0.9834070801734924, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Rwanda Operation", - "confidence": 0.8771796226501465, - "start": 293, - "end": 296 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.8710747361183167, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7469644546508789, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Burundian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8932479023933411, - "start": 252, - "end": 254 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "web portal listings", - "confidence": 0.9456615447998047, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Rwanda Operation", - "confidence": 0.8490987420082092, - "start": 293, - "end": 296 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.8962340354919434, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6178551316261292, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Burundian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7295786142349243, - "start": 252, - "end": 254 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nMost of the above assessments are carried out for internal or organization-specific purposes.\n\nThe lack of harmonization across datasets often leads to difficulties in cross-imputation across\n\nthe available data. This data mapping exercise will identify key internal and external datasets\n\nand assessments being carried out in Rwanda refugee contexts to enable future data mining\n\nfrom this collection of data efforts across sectors.\n### Multi-Sectoral Assessments and Cross-cutting Profiling Studies\n#### Joint Post Distribution Monitoring (JPDM)\n\n\n. The WFP-UNHCR Joint Post Distribution Monitoring (JPDM) assessment is conducted jointly\n\nby the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), and the United Nations High\n\nCommission for Refugees (UNHCR) Rwanda country offices, with the support of the\n\nUNHCR/WFP Joint Programme Excellence & Targeting Hub. The JPDM is a needs\n\nassessment exercise conducted twice annually to understand the evolving needs of refugees.\n\nThe assessment was part of the Hub support to the Rwanda country teams to transition towards\n\nneeds-based targeted assistance. [4]\n\n\nThematic areas of focus are placed on key corporate indicators, including food consumption,\n\ncoping strategies, food and non-food expenditure levels, as well as refugees\u2019 perception of the\n\ntargeting approach and its eligibility criteria, among others. [5]\n\n\nFigure 1: Key strategic decision-making milestones, and rounds of assessments\n\n\n4 The section on Vulnerability Classification of the first JPDM report outlines how the households were\n[classified into different vulnerability groups (Link).](https://wfp-unhcr-hub.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/UNHCR-WFP-Joint-Post-Distribution-Monitoring-and-Needs-Assessment-Report-%E2%80%93-Rwanda-March-2021.pdf)\n5 [Rwanda: UNHCR - WFP Joint Targeting Strategy for refugees in camps](https://wfp-unhcr-hub.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/RWD_targeting-2-pager.pdf)\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7316073179244995, - "start": 92, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "needs\n\nassessment exercise", - "confidence": 0.8633387684822083, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "JPDM", - "confidence": 0.8432950377464294, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9022598266601562, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8484039902687073, - "start": 131, - "end": 132 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JPDM", - "confidence": 0.767461359500885, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9489482641220093, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.661510705947876, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8309534192085266, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets for all rounds are catalogued and available upon request\n\nfrom UNHCR MDL.\n\n\nTable 2: List of JPDM Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data
Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Joint Post Distribution
Monitoring and Needs
Assessment \u2013
December 2020
|UNHCR, WFP andUNHCR-
WFP Joint Programme
Excellence and Targeting
Hub (the Joint Hub)
|4 \u2013 15
Dec 2020
|Brief
Technical Note
Report
Dataset
|\n|Joint UNHCR/WFP Post
Distribution Monitoring \u2013
September 2021|UNHCR, WFP, and the Joint
Hub|7 \u2013 20
Sep 2021|Report
Dataset|\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7937428951263428, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7591038346290588, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7527373433113098, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8268869519233704, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n#### Socio-economic assessment of refugees in Rwanda\u2019s Gihembe, Kigeme and Kiziba camps in 2016\n\n\nThere is a growing interest in the consequences of hosting refugees for local populations. Such\n\nconsequences need not to be unfavorable and in many instances the presence of refugees\n\nresults in direct and indirect benefits for host communities. This survey was conducted to\n\nexamine the influence of Congolese refugees on host communities in Rwanda, with a focus on\n\nlabor market activity and economic welfare. The survey covered three refugee camps as well\n\nas their surrounding host communities. Data was collected in May 2016 and covers 427 refugee\n\nhouseholds and 953 host community households.\n\n\nUNHCR, led by the Division of Resilience and Solutions (DRS), conducts socio-economic\n\nassessments of persons of concern (i.e., refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs, etc.) in a variety of\n\ncountries in order to inform and improve its programming with the goal of promoting self\nreliance. While these assessments are not fully standardized and are tailored to their specific\n\ncountry context, the quantitative surveys share strong similarities in their design and objectives,\n\nand therefore are considered a survey series for the purpose of microdata\n\ndocumentation/archiving.\n\n\nThe scope of the quantitative data of this socio-economic assessment included: household\n\nidentification, characteristics of household members (demographics, education/literacy,\n\nemployment), migration and remittances, consumption expenditure, asset ownership, sources\n\nof income, subjective wellbeing, coping strategies, assistance, access to services, formal and\n\nsocial networks, and social perceptions.\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized dataset is catalogued and available upon request from UNHCR MDL.\n\n\nTable 3: List of Socioeconomic Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Socio-economic assessment of
refugees in Rwanda's Gihembe,
Kigeme and Kiziba camps 2016|UNHCR|5 \u2013 25 May
2016|Research paper 1
Research paper 2
Research paper 3
Dataset|\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n#### Jya Mbere project baseline data\n\n[The Jya Mbere project (MINEMA,](https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/jya-mbere-project-launches-construction-of-classrooms) [World Bank, UNHCR) seeks to consolidate the ongoing shift](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/06/23/world-bank-supports-improved-basic-services-and-economic-opportunities-for-refugees-and-host-communities-in-rwanda)\n\nin the way refugees are managed in Rwanda, from a humanitarian to a long-term, government\nled developmental response that includes host communities. In line with the Comprehensive\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-economic assessment of refugees", - "confidence": 0.8149861693382263, - "start": 17, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9551252126693726, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.615608811378479, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9927589893341064, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Congolese refugees", - "confidence": 0.5106373429298401, - "start": 82, - "end": 84 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quantitative surveys", - "confidence": 0.842698335647583, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7879709601402283, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR MDL", - "confidence": 0.6178902983665466, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic assessment", - "confidence": 0.6536304354667664, - "start": 241, - "end": 243 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR MDL", - "confidence": 0.6901881694793701, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socioeconomic Assessments and Resources", - "confidence": 0.6413056254386902, - "start": 316, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7204354405403137, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.5178684592247009, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.676913857460022, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5503489971160889, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8942793011665344, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF) and the Strategic Plan for Refugee Inclusion (SPRI),\n\nthe project development objective is to \u201cimprove access to basic services and economic\n\nopportunities for refugees and host communities, and support environmental management, in\n\nthe target areas in Rwanda\u201d. The project aims to mitigate the negative impacts of increased\n\npopulations on the environment and in terms of access to and quality of services, while\n\nmaximizing livelihood and employment opportunities for refugees and host communities to grow\n\nthe local economy and build self-reliance. The project also looks to address gender concerns\n\nand strengthen social relations between refugees and host communities.\n\n\nThe project adopts an area-based approach that supports refugees and host communities.\n\nBeneficiaries are supported through; socio-economic infrastructure (e.g., schools, health\n\ncenters, water systems, connectivity roads and marketplaces); access to finance to promote\n\nprivate sector investment, opportunities for entrepreneurship and wage employment and skills\n\ndevelopment; and addressing the degradation of the environment by shifting towards clean\n\nenergy. Investments are possible in and outside the camps; however, consistent with the long\nterm development approach, there is a preference to support economic activity and government\n\nservices outside the camps.\n\n\nThe project includes four components: (i) Access to Basic Services and Socio-economic\n\nInvestments; (ii) Economic Opportunity; (iii) Environmental Management; and (iv) Project\n\nManagement/M&E.\n\n\nThe baseline survey approach to data collection and analysis was both quantitative and\n\nqualitative. For the quantitative survey, a structured household questionnaire was elaborated.\n\nThe data used for analysis was collected from two groups of the population, namely refugees\n\nliving in the camps, as well as host community members living in the districts where the camp\n\nis located. For triangulation, qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussions\n\n(FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). At the time of data collection, no actual work of the\n\nJya Mbere project had commenced on the ground, meaning the baseline results should be\n\nlargely unaffected by project activities so far.\n\n\nThe data collected will help the project to report on the following indicators, which form an\n\nintegral part of the results framework: socio-demographic characteristics, post-migration\n\nstressors, household income and expenditure, saving and investment, social cohesion, water,\n\nsanitation, education, health services, roads and travel, environment, markets, consumers, and\n\ntraders.\n\n\nThe raw dataset from the baseline survey can be requested from MINEMA.\n\n\nTable 4: List of Jya Mbere Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n**Assessment** **Author(s)** **Data Collection** **Resources**\n\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline survey", - "confidence": 0.8498498797416687, - "start": 274, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7596178650856018, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\n\nliving in the camps", - "confidence": 0.6758109927177429, - "start": 315, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.7599865794181824, - "start": 345, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7148460745811462, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host community members", - "confidence": 0.516373336315155, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline survey", - "confidence": 0.9644920825958252, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7503461241722107, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Author(s)", - "confidence": 0.6080484390258789, - "start": 492, - "end": 496 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6801549196243286, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jya Mbere Assessments and Resources", - "confidence": 0.7523258328437805, - "start": 476, - "end": 481 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Author(s)", - "confidence": 0.828140377998352, - "start": 492, - "end": 496 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5049660801887512, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "June 2022", - "confidence": 0.8921779990196228, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n### Protection Concerns\n\nUNHCR provides protection and solutions for refugees, stateless persons and the internally\n\ndisplaced worldwide. For this reason, overall protection concerns are built into major datasets\n\nalready outlined in the multi-sector section.\n\n\nRwanda Operation has fully rolled out proGres v4 since 2018 for population data management.\n\nThe database is systematically updated. Rwanda has also adopted some of the associated\n\nmodules, namely the Voluntary Repatriation Module, which has been actively used since 2020,\n\nthe Antifraud Module, and the Reception Module (for asylum-seekers). The Cash Assist module\n\nand the rollout of Gender-Based Violence and Child Protection modules, are underway with a\n\ntraining being organized for July 2022. In addition, the participatory assessments are\n\nsystematically and frequently conducted, and are usually a qualitative assessment through\n\nFGDs. However, recently, a KoBo based mini survey was added on thematic assessments, for\n\nexample, gender-based violence (GBV), child protection (CP), etc.\n\n#### Demographics\n\n\nThe Government of Rwanda (GoR) jointly with UNHCR conducts refugee registration and\n\ndocumentation activities in urban and camp-based population. The Continuous Registration\n\nPanel (CRP) members include MINEMA, DGIE and UNHCR, and are responsible for day-to\nday registration and documentation activities using proGres v4, which is a database for refugee\n\ninformation and case management that the government have access to and maintain a server\n\nlinked to UNHCR.\n\n\nAs part of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the Comprehensive Refugee Response\n\nFramework (CRRF) commitments and pledges made by the GoR, the National Identification\n\nAgency (NIDA) is enabling access to national civil registration systems through the provision\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.845082700252533, - "start": 60, - "end": 62 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9758603572845459, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9114907383918762, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.956937313079834, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KoBo based mini survey", - "confidence": 0.630829393863678, - "start": 164, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8374971151351929, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6231459975242615, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.7832891941070557, - "start": 244, - "end": 246 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "database for refugee\n\ninformation and case management", - "confidence": 0.5598862171173096, - "start": 250, - "end": 257 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.6798226833343506, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6942978501319885, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n[of refugee identity documents and birth certificates (MINEMA).](https://www.minema.gov.rw/refugees-management) [678] The population and\n\ndemographic data are updated monthly by the UNHCR Rwanda Registration Unit, and\n\npublished with an accompanying refugee population density map. These include demographic\n\ndata of age and gender, population count by family and individuals, separated by block level\n\nwithin the camps, including breakdown of population figures by period of arrival, and by special\n\nneeds. Latest updates on the population statistics are available on the [UNHCR Operational](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/rwa)\n\nData Portal.\n\n\n\n\n\nproGres v4 fields that are mandatory include:\n\n\nFamily/Case Data Fields (5): Registration Group (Household Number) **|** Family Size **|**\n\nCountry of Origin **|** Country of Asylum **|** Registration Date.\n\nIndividual Data Fields (27): Family name **|** Sex **|** Date of birth **|** Estimated date of birth **|**\n\nRelationship to Focal Point (FP) in Registration Group **|** Country of Origin **|** Registration\n\nReason **|** Registration Date **|** Arrival Date **|** Est. Arrival Date **|** Legal Status **|** Status Date **|**\n\nCountry of Asylum **|** Registration Country **|** Country of Nationality **|** Address Type **|** Country\n\nof the address **|** Location Level 1 of the address **|** Specific Need (SPN) Category **|** SPN\n\nStatus **|** Assessment Type **|** Consent Counselling Date **|** POC informed that basic biodata\n\n\n6 UNHCR support and information on the registration process is found [here.](https://help.unhcr.org/rwanda/services/registration/)\n7 MINEMA applies for a national ID (all refugees aged 16 years and above are eligible), on behalf of the\nrefugee, and NIDA notifies when to go for biometric capturing. Usually, in two weeks processing time, the\n[refugee is issued the national ID (Link).](https://help.unhcr.org/rwanda/services/documentation/)\n8 The process to apply and get a correction/replacement of national ID is provided through the IREMBO\ncentralized national service systems: [Link](https://support.irembo.gov.rw/en/support/solutions/articles/47001191857-how-to-apply-for-a-national-id-replacement)\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population and\n\ndemographic data", - "confidence": 0.6822982430458069, - "start": 32, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Rwanda Registration Unit", - "confidence": 0.7450699806213379, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9737758636474609, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registration Date", - "confidence": 0.9376850128173828, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Country of Asylum", - "confidence": 0.83026522397995, - "start": 157, - "end": 160 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n\nSUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\nmay be shared **|** Agree to share biodata **|** Agree to share assessed vulnerabilities **|** Process\n\nstatus date **|** Individual unique identifying number.\n\nproGres v4 fields that are optional (and thus have lower coverage) include:\n\n\nFamily/Case Data Fields (1): Ration Card Number\n\nIndividual Data Fields (78): Full name **|** Second family name (if any) **|** Given name **|** Middle\n\nname **|** Original alphabet name **|** Commonly Used Name **|** Maiden Name **|** Age **|** Place of\n\nbirth \u2013 city **|** Place of Birth \u2013 Country **|** Ethnicity **|** Religion **|** Marital status **|** Marital Status\n\nDate **|** Marriage Type **|** Father\u2019s Name **|** Mother\u2019s Name **|** Family line **|** Nationality **|** Education\n\nLevel **|** Work experience **|** Primary phone number **|** Reasons for Flight **|** Why did you leave\n\nyour home country **|** What may happen if you return to home country? **|** Biometrics **|** Is\n\nBiometrically Enrolled **|** Biometric Status **|** Identified as Same Person (not open/pending\n\nadjudication cases) **|** Fled Date **|** Est. Fled Date **|** Previous Registration **|** Able to Sign **|**\n\nLegacy ID **|** Offline ID **|** Individual Govt. Ref. # **|** Individual Partner Ref. # **|** Category (change\n\ndepending on Legal Status) **|** Category Date **|** Basis (of an Individual\u2019s legal status) **|** Basis\n\nDate **|** Registration Location Name **|** Country of origin (CoO) Exit Point **|** Country of Asylum\n\n(CoA) Entry Point **|** Type of Acquisition (How nationality was acquired) **|** Basis\n\n(Claimed/Assessed) **|** Status (Previous/Current) **|** Date Acquired (nationality) **|** Date\n\nWithdrawn (nationality) **|** Type of Withdrawal (nationality) **|** Comments **|** Location Type\n\n(housing arrangement) **|** Location Level 2 **|** Location Level 3 **|** Location Level 4 **|** Location\n\nLevel 5 **|** Location Level 6 **|** Address Start Date **|** Address End Date **|** Residence Status\n\nHeld **|** Residence Status Start **|** Residence Status End Date **|** Street address 1 **|** Street\n\naddress 2 **|** Postal code **|** Postal city **|** P-code **|** Geo-coordinate longitude **|** Geo-coordinate\n\nlatitude **|** SPN Sub-Category **|** Assessment Type **|** Start date **|** End date **|** Assessed By **|**\n\nReviewed By **|** Comments **|** Details on restrictions (consent) **|** Person not capable of\n\nproviding consent.\n\n#### Education\n\n\nSome of the protection areas also undertake respective sub-sectoral assessments. Education\n\nis one such protection area.\n\n\nEducation Sector Indicators and Inventory Assessments\n\n\nUNHCR Rwanda\u2019s Education Sector (together with the Government of Rwanda) undertakes\n\nmultiple sectoral inventory assessments. These stocktaking exercises include capacity\n\nassessments, gap analysis, and secondary data review (SDR). In Rwanda, since provision of\n\neducation services to refugees and the national population is handled by the Ministry of\n\n[Education (MINEDUC), all the activities are embedded within the national-level programming,](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/)\n\nassessments and data collection.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biodata", - "confidence": 0.7364175319671631, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9529111981391907, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Marital Status\n\nDate", - "confidence": 0.7433722615242004, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometric Status", - "confidence": 0.915148913860321, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Address Start Date", - "confidence": 0.5111291408538818, - "start": 596, - "end": 599 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Sector Indicators and Inventory Assessments", - "confidence": 0.928027331829071, - "start": 776, - "end": 782 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9173551201820374, - "start": 782, - "end": 783 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9509884119033813, - "start": 783, - "end": 784 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8301186561584473, - "start": 867, - "end": 868 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n**Education Indicators:** The World Bank compiles data on education inputs, participation,\n\nefficiency, and outcomes. Data on education are compiled by the United Nations\n\nEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Institute for Statistics from\n\nofficial responses to surveys and from reports provided by education authorities in each\n\n[country (Link 1](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/world-bank-education-indicators-for-rwanda) [and Link 2).](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/world-bank-public-sector-indicators-for-rwanda)\n\n**Refugee Education Statistics (at global level)** : UNESCO and UNHCR also conduct\n\nsimilar exercises leveraging on national educational systems, to collect data on education\n\n[sectors for the different countries that UNHCR operates in (Link).](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/brochures/61e18c7b4/refugee-education-statistics-issues-recommendations.html)\n\n**Refugee Education Statistics (at national level)** : MINEDUC conducts a school census\n\nannually through various questionnaires and prepares an education statistical yearbook\n\nwhere the gender and grade level disaggregated refugee students data is captured in the\n\nreport, however, the data captured does not provide detailed information and analysis of\n\n[the underlying trends and patterns (MINEDUC). MINEDUC oversees education data](https://mineduc.prod.risa.rw/publications?tx_filelist_filelist%5Baction%5D=list&tx_filelist_filelist%5Bcontroller%5D=File&tx_filelist_filelist%5Bpath%5D=%2Fuser_upload%2FMineduc%2FPublications%2FEDUCATION_STATISTICS%2FEMIS_questionnaires%2F&cHash=65a255a530f1ab6e442bec92efbd4cdd)\n\nmanagement at all levels, including refugee hosting schools.\n\n**Refugee Education Data (at school level)** : UNHCR collects, analyzes, and reports on\n\nrefugee education data and individual student information at the school level by using a\n\nsimple excel sheet contextualized for this purpose. The data is collected at all levels (ECD,\n\nPrimary, Secondary, TVET and tertiary), and further disaggregated by grade, age, gender,\n\nnationality, camp, alongside other key available data on number of teachers and their\n\nqualifications and school facilities, among others. This data also captures attendance at\n\nschool and performance at national exams which are not yet captured in the MINEDUC\u2019s\n\n[education statistical yearbook. The report captured by UNHCR Rwanda feeds into](https://mineduc.prod.risa.rw/publications?tx_filelist_filelist%5Baction%5D=list&tx_filelist_filelist%5Bcontroller%5D=File&tx_filelist_filelist%5Bpath%5D=%2Fuser_upload%2FMineduc%2FPublications%2FEDUCATION_STATISTICS%2FEducation_statistical_yearbook%2F&cHash=f4907f021d7175fc28e6cdebcc8bf83a)\n\nUNHCR\u2019s regional and global refugee education data reports, as well as for reporting and\n\n[monitoring of earmarked education projects, such as reports for Educate A Child (EAC),](https://educateachild.org/)\n\n[Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative (DAFI) scholarship and other regional](https://www.unhcr.org/dafi-scholarships.html)\n\nrefugee response plan.\n### NFI & Shelter\n#### Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) - UNHCR\n\n\nThe purpose of PDM assessments is to collect feedback from refugees on the quality,\n\nsufficiency, utilization, and effectiveness of assistance received as it relates to shelter. The\n\nPDM is conducted periodically after relief items are distributed. These have been discontinued\n\nby the UNHCR Rwanda Operation since the operation is relying on the JPDM for these data\n\ncollection efforts.\n\n\nThe previous data collection of UNHCR PDMs are solely qualitative with a combination of FGDs\n\nand KIIs. However, they have not been systematically collected and documented. No resources\n\nare publicly available.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Indicators", - "confidence": 0.8833141326904297, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9516915678977966, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.6741353273391724, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Education Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6958675980567932, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.7692713737487793, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education statistical yearbook", - "confidence": 0.8167885541915894, - "start": 163, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "gender and grade level disaggregated refugee students data", - "confidence": 0.5292940735816956, - "start": 168, - "end": 176 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MINEDUC", - "confidence": 0.8654828667640686, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.7293419241905212, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.9699904322624207, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Education Data", - "confidence": 0.6382408738136292, - "start": 224, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MINEDUC", - "confidence": 0.5591707229614258, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.7739954590797424, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.6863572597503662, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n### Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)\n#### WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Assessment\n\n\nThe objective of the UNHCR KAP assessment on WASH is to monitor and evaluate the impacts\n\nof UNHCR WASH interventions in camps, identify weaknesses and gaps, provide guidance for\n\nfuture implementation, and compare existing practices to Global KAP standards.\n\n\nAs of June 2022, UNHCR WASH focal points along with World Vision, a UNHCR WASH partner\n\nINGO in Rwanda, has conducted 7 survey rounds. This survey in Rwanda is especially intended\n\nto generate an understanding of the communities' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices\n\ngained through WASH interventions in the camps and project performance indicators\n\nmeasurements. The scope of survey in the questionnaire includes: household characteristics,\n\nwater collection and storage, drinking water, hygiene, latrine, WASH related diseases, and\n\nmenstrual hygiene management. The mobile data collection and GIS capacity was supported\n\nby CartONG for WASH KAP surveys and SENS surveys. [9]\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets for all rounds are catalogued and available upon request\n\nfrom UNHCR MDL.\n\n\nTable 5: List of WASH KAP Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in Gihembe
Refugee Camp \u2013 2021
|UNHCR and
World Vision
|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021
|Report
Dataset
|\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in Kigeme
Refugee Camp \u2013 2021
|UNHCR and
World Vision
|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021
|Report
Dataset
|\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in Kiziba
Refugee Camp \u2013 2021|UNHCR and
World Vision|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021|Report
Dataset|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n9 CartONG is a French non-governmental organization committed to furthering the use of geographic and\nnon-geographic information tools and methodologies to improve data gathering and analysis for\nemergency relief and development programmes around the world.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WASH KAP surveys", - "confidence": 0.6293384432792664, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7054113149642944, - "start": 273, - "end": 274 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR MDL", - "confidence": 0.6500546336174011, - "start": 213, - "end": 215 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS surveys", - "confidence": 0.5758791565895081, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7529333829879761, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CartONG", - "confidence": 0.598195493221283, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.7143526673316956, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.6558778882026672, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in Mahama
Refugee Camp \u2013 2021|UNHCR and
World Vision|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021|Report
Dataset|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in
Mugombwa Refugee Camp \u2013 2021
|UNHCR and
World Vision
|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021
|Report
Dataset
|\n|WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices (KAP) Survey in Nyabiheke
Refugee Camp \u2013 2021|UNHCR and
World Vision|1 May 2021 \u2013
30 June 2021|Report
Dataset|\n\n\n### Energy & Environment\n#### Energy Monitoring Framework Survey, 2017 and 2020\n\nThe UNHCR Energy Information System oversees UNHCR and partner monitoring for UNHCR\n\nfunded energy programs. The Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to\n\nmonitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR resources spent on\n\nprogramming (either via partners or through direct implementation). The process for developing\n\nthe indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches and consultations\n\nwith Government, Private Sector, field-based staff, and NGO partners to devise a set of\n\ncommon, standardized measures rooted in global good practices. More information is available\n\n[on the official website: Energy Information System. In Rwanda, there are 2 years of surveys in](https://eis.unhcr.org/)\n\n2017 and 2020, broadly covering topics on household characteristics, cookware and kitchen\n\nperformance, fuel, and lighting, with a baseline and endline feature. The beneficiary survey,\n\nwhich typically aims to measure impact indicators, is conducted at least twice, at the baseline\n\nand endline of the project, with the same group of sample beneficiaries. The baseline survey is\n\nconducted before the project intervention with planned beneficiaries of the project, while the\n\nendline is administered a few months later (or a period considered adequate by each project)\n\nto the same beneficiaries.\n\n\nThe survey collects information on: partner information, general information on beneficiary,\n\ndistribution of cookstoves, kitchen performance test (kpt) day 1, kitchen performance test (kpt)\n\nday 2, cash for cooking fuel, lighting, cash for lighting, distribution of lights, and access to\n\ncommunity lighting.\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets for all rounds are catalogued and available upon request\n\nfrom UNHCR MDL.\n\n\nTable 6: List of Energy Monitoring Framework Survey Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Energy Monitoring Framework Survey", - "confidence": 0.7198972702026367, - "start": 199, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8465386629104614, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5726482272148132, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Energy Information System", - "confidence": 0.5113186240196228, - "start": 209, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6248473525047302, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7678207159042358, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.7799871563911438, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Energy Information System", - "confidence": 0.8697733879089355, - "start": 315, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8181129097938538, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9711100459098816, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5198500156402588, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sample beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5549986958503723, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "beneficiary survey", - "confidence": 0.6706997156143188, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7982057929039001, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sample beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.6140281558036804, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "kitchen performance test", - "confidence": 0.5117217302322388, - "start": 453, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6240572333335876, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR MDL", - "confidence": 0.8661882877349854, - "start": 506, - "end": 508 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8649611473083496, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Energy Monitoring
Framework Survey,
2017
|UNHCR
|1 January \u2013 31
December 2017
|Key indicators
Country Analysis Note
Dataset
|\n|Energy Monitoring
Framework Survey,
2020|UNHCR|1 January \u2013 31
December 2020|Key indicators
Country Analysis Note - Mahama
Country Analysis Note - Kigeme
Country Analysis Note - Kiziba
Country Analysis Note - Gatsibo
Country Analysis Note - Gicumbi
Dataset|\n\n\n#### Renewable Energy for Refugees (RE4R) Project\n\nThis RE4R project is led by Practical Action and UNHCR, and it delivers renewable energy\n\ninvestments through an innovative approach in humanitarian settings, working directly with\n\nrefugees and host communities in Kigeme, Nyabiheke and Gihembe refugee camps in Rwanda\n\nand with urban refugees in Irbid in Jordan.\n\n\nThe project provides access to affordable and sustainable sources of clean and renewable\n\nenergy, and improves the health, wellbeing, and security of target populations. Household\n\nsurveys for Gihembe, Kigeme and Nyabiheke refugee camps in Rwanda. The surveys contain\n\ninformation on household demographics, energy use for lighting and cooking, access to\n\nelectricity technologies, respondent needs and priorities, and other energy-related issues.\n\n\nThe survey collects information on: Household demographics, energy use for lighting and\n\ncooking, access to electricity technologies, respondent needs and priorities, and other energy\nrelated issues.\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets is catalogued and available upon request from UNHCR\n\nMDL or OCHA ODX.\n\n\nTable 7: List of RE4R Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data
Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Renewable Energy for Refugees
(RE4R) Project Assessment Phase
Survey (Households), 2018|Practical
Action
and
UNHCR|1 \u2013 30 April
2018|Report
Dataset
(Households)
Dataset
(Enterprises)|\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Energy Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8680328726768494, - "start": 44, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6854624152183533, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9424031972885132, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9914205074310303, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9883778691291809, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household\n\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9361599087715149, - "start": 258, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Dataset", - "confidence": 0.732742965221405, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gihembe, Kigeme and Nyabiheke refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.5474938750267029, - "start": 261, - "end": 268 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host communities", - "confidence": 0.6325289607048035, - "start": 207, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5956385135650635, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8927906155586243, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR\n\nMDL", - "confidence": 0.5228927731513977, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Households", - "confidence": 0.5733585953712463, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Enterprises", - "confidence": 0.7857524752616882, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5770339369773865, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7606762647628784, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n#### The Global Multi-Tier Measurement of Access to Energy Survey\n\n\nThe Multi-tier energy access Tracking Framework (MTF) survey is a global baseline survey on\n\nhousehold access to electricity and clean cooking, which goes beyond the binary approach to\n\nlook at access as a spectrum of service levels experienced by households. Resources included\n\nare raw data, codebook, questionnaires, sampling strategy document, and country diagnostic\n\nreport.\n\n\nThe MTF, launched in June 2015 by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program\n\n(ESMAP), defines the access to electricity and modern energy cooking services as the ability\n\nto obtain energy that is adequate, available when needed, reliable, of good quality, affordable,\n\nformal, convenient, healthy, and safe for all required energy applications across households,\n\nenterprises, and community institutions. Based on this definition, the MTF measures energy\n\naccess provided by any technology or fuel, based on a set of attributes that capture key\n\ncharacteristics of the energy supply that affect the user experience. Based on those attributes,\n\nit then defines six tiers of access, ranging from Tier 0 (no access) to Tier 5 (full access).\n\n\nThe MTF data collected through survey instrument allows governments to identify and\n\nunderstand energy access gaps and develop potential solutions to improve energy services.\n\nThe MTF identifies and analyzes the main reasons why households are not using electricity, or\n\nwhy their usage is limited, and then recommends a set of measures to remove such constraints.\n\nMTF, therefore, not only allows for a nuanced tracking of SDG 7 targets, but also helps\n\ngovernments fine-tune their policies and approaches for reaching them.\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets are catalogued and available from World Bank Energy Data\n\nInfo.\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Rwanda - Multi-Tier Framework
(MTF) Survey, 2018
|World Bank
and UNHCR
|1 \u2013 19 April
2018
|Brief
Country
diagnostic report
Dataset|\n|Rwanda - Multi-Tier Framework
(MTF) Survey, 2022|In progress|In progress||\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Multi-Tier Measurement of Access to Energy Survey", - "confidence": 0.8311349749565125, - "start": 18, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9572485089302063, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MTF", - "confidence": 0.9981784820556641, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Energy Sector Management Assistance Program\n\n(ESMAP)", - "confidence": 0.7804803252220154, - "start": 98, - "end": 106 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.718395471572876, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9197205305099487, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9608860015869141, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MTF", - "confidence": 0.7568017840385437, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6066734790802002, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.970262348651886, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rwanda - Multi-Tier Framework", - "confidence": 0.5124675631523132, - "start": 361, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8300673365592957, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MTF", - "confidence": 0.870032787322998, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6298044323921204, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9435810446739197, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5382071733474731, - "start": 396, - "end": 397 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n### Livelihoods\n#### Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Beneficiary Survey, 2019\n\n\nThe UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework surveys are designed to promote a\n\nstandardized approach to tracking program performance and impact through revised impact\n\nand performance indicators with concrete definitions, which have made them more focused,\n\nprecise and relevant to the key intervention areas. The data and the key analysis are available\n\nfor UNHCR - and externally - financed programs across three primary focus areas - agriculture,\n\nself-employment and wage-employment - in terms of assets, employment, market access and\n\nmore.\n\n\nThe UNHCR Livelihoods Information System oversees UNHCR and partner monitoring for\n\nUNHCR funded livelihoods programs. The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a\n\nprogram-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of\n\nUNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).\n\n\nThe process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and\n\napproaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff\n\nand civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global\n\ngood practices.\n\n\nThe scope of the survey includes: partner information including location of household and type\n\nof survey round (baseline/endline) **|** general information on beneficiary **|** access to agriculture\n\nproduction enabled and enhanced (social assets, financial access, agricultural employment,\n\ncrop production, animal production, fishery production, market access, change income/saving)\n\n**|** access to self-employment/business facilitated (social assets, financial access, self\nemployment, market access, changing in income/saving) **|** and access to wage employment\n\nfacilitated (social assets, financial access, wage employment, change in income/ saving).\n\n\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets is catalogued and available upon request from UNHCR\n\nMDL.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Beneficiary Survey", - "confidence": 0.9923444390296936, - "start": 21, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8944684863090515, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5682852268218994, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9794737696647644, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9779459238052368, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "16\n\n\n\nCleaned and anonymized datasets", - "confidence": 0.6903141736984253, - "start": 345, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8778566122055054, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9086838960647583, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\nTable 8: List of Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Livelihoods Programme Monitoring
Beneficiary Survey, 2019|UNHCR|1 January \u2013 31
December 2019|Country
Analysis Note
Dataset|\n\n\n### Health and Nutrition\n#### Standardised Expanded Nutrition Surveys (SENS)\n\nThe UNHCR Standardised Expanded Nutrition Surveys (SENS) regularly provide nutrition data\n\nthat plays a key role in delivering effective and timely interventions to ensure good nutritional\n\noutcomes in the refugee populations.\n\n\nA SENS report includes information on the following data collected: levels of malnutrition and\n\nkey health indicators in children, levels of anaemia in children and women, feeding practices of\n\ninfants and young children, access to food at the household level, access to safe drinking water,\n\ntoilets and hygiene practices at the household level, and access to and use of mosquito nets at\n\nthe household level.\n\n\nThe datasets are not publicly available. However, the SENS website regularly updates and\n\ncompares the results from across locations where data has been collected: [Standardised](https://sens.unhcr.org/)\n\nExpanded Nutrition Survey. [10]\n\n\nTable 9: List of SENS Assessments and Resources as of June 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Assessment|Author(s)|Data Collection|Resources|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Rwanda: Standardised Expanded
Nutrition Survey (Gihembe,
Nyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme,
Mugombwa and Mahama) \u2013 2019
|UNHCR
|1 \u2013 30 May
2019
|Report
|\n|Rwanda: Standardised Expanded
Nutrition Survey (Gihembe,
Nyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme,
Mugombwa and Mahama) \u2013 2018|UNHCR|1 \u2013 30 May
2018|Report|\n\n\n\n[10 An overview of the SENS guidelines is available here.](https://sens.unhcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2-pager-UNHCR-SENS-Guidelines.pdf)\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Livelihoods Programme Monitoring Assessments and Resources", - "confidence": 0.6735024452209473, - "start": 18, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8144668936729431, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8339705467224121, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.8496731519699097, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9259961247444153, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.7969073057174683, - "start": 141, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Standardised Expanded Nutrition Surveys", - "confidence": 0.8214346170425415, - "start": 103, - "end": 107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.944415807723999, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8734986782073975, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5167184472084045, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.9469637274742126, - "start": 141, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.9956026077270508, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.615975558757782, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.898849368095398, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9991992115974426, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5806293487548828, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7776333689689636, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Rwanda: Standardised Expanded
Nutrition Survey (Gihembe,
Nyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme,
Mugombwa and Mahama) \u2013 2017|UNHCR|1 \u2013 30 May
2017|Report
(Internal use)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Rwanda: Standardised Expanded
Nutrition Survey (Gihembe,
Nyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme,
Mugombwa and Mahama) \u2013 2016
|UNHCR
|1 May \u2013 30 June
2016
|Report
(Internal use)
|\n|Rwanda: Standardised Expanded
Nutrition Survey (Kiziba, Nyabiheke
and Gihembe) \u2013 2012|UNHCR|1 \u2013 30 May
2012|Report|\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n### Data Gaps and Recommendations\n\nTo date, there exists no survey that informs on the welfare and well-being of the refugees in\n\nRwanda in a comprehensive way. Notably, there are also no statistics that report on\n\nemployment, education attainments, income/consumption, economic activity, and agricultural\n\nand non-agricultural activities. This means that, there is currently no measure on poverty\n\nheadcount or poverty intensity rates, employment rates, or educational attainments, and skills\n\nof refugees, among others. However, the SENS survey provides health related data in a\n\nstandardized manner, albeit the sampling tends to focus on a specific subgroup of the refugee\n\npopulation (households with children under 5 years old, and households with members with\n\nadolescent girls, pregnant and lactating mothers); with the exception of two rounds of SENS\n\nsurvey that is representative of the entire refugee population. In addition to the SENS survey,\n\nthe recent JPDM is another survey, that informs us regularly on the state of food security of\n\nrefugees that relies on a relatively robust Food Consumption Score (FCS) measure.\n\n\nFigure 2: Overview of data mapping on POCs in Rwanda, by sector/theme\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.985561192035675, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5987340211868286, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9480002522468567, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9994766116142273, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9116565585136414, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.9868196249008179, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7993456125259399, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9568721055984497, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.8871002197265625, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6867793798446655, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS survey", - "confidence": 0.7567002773284912, - "start": 278, - "end": 280 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7493072152137756, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.6362624764442444, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5407649874687195, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS\n\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.9968568086624146, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.926565945148468, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.504622757434845, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6185295581817627, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\n\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.932438850402832, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JPDM", - "confidence": 0.821158766746521, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8602399230003357, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\n\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.5121459364891052, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data mapping on POCs", - "confidence": 0.7179374098777771, - "start": 389, - "end": 393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6609876751899719, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7031855583190918, - "start": 400, - "end": 401 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.855364978313446, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6268168091773987, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRecommendations to improve data on refugees in Rwanda include a concerted effort to invest\n\nin standalone data production activities, and to leverage on existing avenues. Some of the\n\nexamples includes:\n\n\n - Inclusion of refugees in the next Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV)\n\nnational household survey.\n\n - A standalone skills\u2019 survey of refugees.\n\n - Population and Housing Census: While ensuring that the POCs are included in the\n\nAugust 2022 Census, UNHCR Rwanda to take steps by reinforcing contacts with NISR,\n\nand collaborating with MINEMA and NISR to obtain the POCs data and/or study the\n\nresults of the Census data on POCs.\n\n - An ongoing self-reliance study, with a planned two rounds of panel survey, will produce\n\ndimensions and indicators on self-reliance of refugees.\n\n - UNHCR Flagship Survey: UNHCR Rwanda has been offered the opportunity to explore\n\na UNHCR financed comprehensive modules of surveys on a representative sample of\n\nrefugees. The UNHCR Rwanda Operation to proactively take steps to bring this activity\n\nonboard.\n\n - Statelessness: The ongoing activity of stateless population verification exercise in\n\nRwanda could be leveraged to undertake a study on the stateless population.\n\n - Potential linkages between proGres and other data systems could yield fruit.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey", - "confidence": 0.9795429706573486, - "start": 53, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5005289316177368, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "EICV", - "confidence": 0.9925969839096069, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9841916561126709, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7983881831169128, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9250738024711609, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population and Housing Census", - "confidence": 0.6911458969116211, - "start": 75, - "end": 79 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5519744753837585, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.8927000761032104, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8736526370048523, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Flagship Survey", - "confidence": 0.9856652021408081, - "start": 154, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8898811340332031, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9582175016403198, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.7875450253486633, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9267213940620422, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8045762181282043, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n### Annexure\n#### Annex I: List of Acronyms\n\n\n**COA** Country of Asylum\n\n**CBI** Cash Based Interventions\n\n**CBT** Cash Based Transfers\n\n**COO** Country of Origin\n\n**CP** Child Protection\n\n**CPIMS** Child Protection Information Management\n\n**CRRF** Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework\n\n**CRP** Continuous registration panel\n\n**DAFI** Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative\n\n**EAC** Educate A Child\n\n**ECD** Early Childhood Development\n\n**EICV** Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey\n\n**ESMAP** Energy Sector Management Assistance Program\n\n**ETM** Emergency Transit Mechanism\n\n**FCN** Family Counting Number\n\n**FCS** Food Consumption Score\n\n**FS** Food Security\n\n**GBV** Gender-based Violence\n\n**GBVIMS** Gender-Based Violence Information Management\n\n**GCR** Global Compact on Refugees\n\n**GIS** Geographic Information System\n\n**GoR** Government of Rwanda\n\n**IMAWG** Information Management and Assessment Working Group\n\n**IM** Information Management\n\n**IOM** International Organization for Migration\n\n**IP** Implementation Partner\n\n**JPDM** Joint Post Distribution Monitoring & Needs Assessment\n\n**JRP** Joint Response Plan\n\n**KAP** Knowledge, Attitude and Practices\n\n**KI** Key Informant\n\n**MEB** Minimum Expenditure Basket\n\n**MDL** Microdata Library\n\n**MINEDUC** Ministry of Education\n\n**MINEMA** Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management\n\n**MPG** Multipurpose Cash Grant\n\n**MSNA** Multi Sector Needs Assessment\n\n**MTF** Multi-tier energy access Tracking Framework\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family Counting Number", - "confidence": 0.6175420880317688, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.7820317149162292, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7211991548538208, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9923009872436523, - "start": 329, - "end": 333 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8319510221481323, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SUMMARY OF KEY SECTORS / THEMATIC AREAS ASSOCIATED KEY DATA SETS IN RWANDA\n\n\n**NFI** Non-Food Item\n\n**NGO** Non-Government Organization\n\n**NIDA** National ID Agency\n\n**NISR** National Institute of Statistics Rwanda\n\n**NSO** National Statistical Office\n\n**PDM** Post Distribution Monitoring\n\n**POC** Persons of Concern\n\n**SDR** Secondary Data Review\n\n**SGBV** Sexual and Gender-based Violence\n\n**TVET** Technical and Vocational Training\n\n**TWG** Technical Working Group\n\n**UNDP** United Nations Development Programme\n\n**UNHCR** United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\n**UNICEF** United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund\n\n**VAM** Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping\n\n**WASH** Water Sanitation and Hygiene\n\n**WFP** World Food Programme\n\n#### Annex II: Administrative Geographical Classifications in Rwanda\n\n|Provinces and Kigali City|Second tier of administration, preceded by Central Government|\n|---|---|\n|
**Districts**|Third tier of administration, forming sub-unit of Provinces/Kigali City|\n|
**Sectors**|Fourth tier of administration, forming sub-unit of Districts|\n|
**Cells**|Fifth tier of administration, forming (rural) sub-unit of Cells|\n|
**Villages**|Sixth tier of administration, forming (suburb) sub-unit of Villages|\n\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2022 / Version 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8776008486747742, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RWANDA", - "confidence": 0.9508070349693298, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b4b394b1-1638-45da-b010-8dbc02d2b7a2/Data%20Mapping%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_32/raw/doc_32_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_32/raw/doc_32_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 46bdca880e1462cedd6562dcc5dc3040618bc947..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_32/raw/doc_32_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,369 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **CARIACO NEIGHBOURHOOD,** **PEMBA - CABO DELGADO** **MOZAMBIQUE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n###### Key Message\n\n\nLack of access to safe and inclusive livelihood options for women and girls is increasing\n\nmultiple risks of GBV including sexual exploitation, child marriage, denial of resources, and\n\nintimate partner violence. Displaced women and girls are compelled to resort to the sale\n\nand exchange of sex to meet their basic needs. Livelihoods programmes that engage\n\ndisplaced women and girls at risk in safe, dignified, and sustainable livelihoods options\n\nlinked to GBV response are urgently needed in settings across Cabo Delgado.\n\n\n_The report presents the main findings of the GBV Safety Audit conducted in the_\n\n_neighbourhood of Cariaco, City of Pemba, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, in June 2022._\n\n\n_The report promotes the UNHCR Policy on The Prevention Of, Risk Mitigation, And_\n\n_Response to Gender-Based Violence of 2020._\n\n\n**Pemba Field Office**\n**Mozambique**\n\n\n**[COVER PHOTOGRAPH:]**\n_Girls discussing their perception of safety and security, Cariaco neighborhood, Pemba, Cabo Delgado. June 2022_\n\n\n2 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n## Introduction and Methodology\n\nThe aim of the GBV Safety Audits, as a participatory assessment tool with the community, is\n\nto understand the specific GBV risks, community response and prevention mechanisms, and\n\nrelevant gaps regarding access to quality services for GBV survivors, and women and girls\n\nat displacement sites. The Safety Audits are also a rapid GBV assessment and community\n\nengagement tool that informs UNHCR and partner specialized GBV services, as well as all\n\nhumanitarian sector programmes GBV risk reduction and mainstreaming actions.\n\nBetween January and February 2022, the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) presence in\n\n\nPemba city Cabo Delgado was estimated at around 151,987 individuals. [1] Recent violent\n\n\nattacks by non-state armed groups (NSAG) in Ancuabe district between May and June 2022\n\n\nresulted in a large influx of IDPs, including into Pemba. [2] This acuate displacement situation\n\n\nstrained already fragile services and support mechanisms for IDPs in the capital city of Cabo\n\n\nDelgado. It also exacerbated precarious living conditions of both host families and displaced\n\n\npopulations, particularly of women and girls.\n\n\nThe GBV Safety Audit applied a qualitative and participatory approach. Three main tools\n\nwere implemented to collect data on GBV risks and response mechanisms. These tools were:\n\n\n**Safety Walks** aim to observe, together with women focal points from the community, the\n\nconditions of the neighbourhood, capture the main aspects related to the urban community\n\ninfrastructure and different humanitarian sectors' services and their impact on GBV risks, and\n\nidentify potential restraints in the access to services.\n\n\n**Focus Groups Discussions (FGD)** facilitate gaining greater insight and\n\nunderstanding, among the IDP community, regarding their perceptions of GBV. With a\n\nmaximum of 10 participants to engage the group in a deeper discussion, the FGDs are tools\n\napplied to identify risk factors, as well as strategies to be adopted to increase safety and\n\nminimize the risks of GBV in communities, including community response mechanisms and\n\nservice provision.\n\n\n**Community Mapping** is a visual exercise conducted through the FGD which asks\n\nparticipants to draw or mark the areas that they or a particular group feel are safe/unsafe in\n\nthe IDP site or surroundings. It is equally a visual tool to identify critical service-gaps,\n\nincluding any access challenges.\n\n\n1 IOM Mozambique (February 2022): IDP Baseline Assessment Round 15\n\n2 UNHCR (14 June 2022): Flash Protection Update Ancuabe Forced Displacement. Issue #1-10 June 2022\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9851381778717041, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "participatory assessment tool with the community", - "confidence": 0.7473472356796265, - "start": 26, - "end": 32 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8549180626869202, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.772088885307312, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8999757170677185, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6243822574615479, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.5838719010353088, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Safety Audit", - "confidence": 0.9902633428573608, - "start": 209, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "qualitative and participatory approach", - "confidence": 0.5722213387489319, - "start": 214, - "end": 218 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8331699371337891, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Safety Walks", - "confidence": 0.5847963094711304, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5149301886558533, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community Mapping", - "confidence": 0.6310621500015259, - "start": 378, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "IDP site", - "confidence": 0.5616251826286316, - "start": 412, - "end": 414 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8031963109970093, - "start": 438, - "end": 439 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP community", - "confidence": 0.6188058853149414, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n## Findings\n\n\nCariaco is a neighbourhood of the city of Pemba. According to available data, the\n\n\nneighbourhood has a population of 24,701 IDPs [3] which may have changed recently due to\n\n\nthe movement of IDPs into Pemba following attacks in Ancuabe district. Key findings from\n\n\nthe Safety Audit indicated that women and girls are at increased risk of sexual harassment,\n\n\nrape, and physical assault, particularly by unknown men and boys, and security actors. Boys\n\n\nare also exposed to physical violence and abuse by security actors. Displaced women and\n\n\nadolescent girls have been identified as a group at heightened risk of GBV; poverty and\n\n\nlimited access to basic resources are contributing factors to women and girls\u2019 engagement in\n\n\nselling or exchanging sex which highly expose them to GBV, particularly sexual, physical,\n\n\nand economic violence. Physical and sexual violence by security actors have also been\n\n\nidentified as a major concern, particularly for displaced girls, boys and persons involved in\n\n\nthe sale of sex. High levels of insecurity in the neighbourhood and the presence of security\n\n\nactors are contributing to GBV risks, particularly of sexual harassment and sexual violence\n\n\nat night. Security actors have also been identified as a key perpetrator of GBV, particularly\n\n\nphysical and sexual violence.\n\n\nDespite the availability of GBV services in the city, information about GBV services available\n\n\nis often lacking. In particular, information about the health consequences of GBV and\n\n\nimmediate health care for survivors of sexual violence is very limited, particularly among\n\n\nadolescent girls.\n\n\nBuilding on the findings of the Safety Audit, UNHCR and partners aim to design interventions\n\n\nwith the objective of mitigating GBV risks and improving response for survivors through\n\n\nactively engaging all humanitarian sectors and the community, and by raising awareness,\n\n\nand addressing the urgent need for holistic GBV case management services in the\n\n\nneighbourhood of Cariaco in Pemba.\n\n\nThe tables below summarize the main perceptions of GBV risks and awareness of available\n\n\nservices of the community related to GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response in the\n\n\nsetting, as well as the findings of the observational Safety Walk.\n\n\n_3_ Northern Mozambique Crisis \u2014 DTM Baseline Assessment Abridged Report Round 16 (June 2022 _)_\n\n\n4 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.979373574256897, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8396853804588318, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE", - "confidence": 0.6574336886405945, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5985319018363953, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6905875205993652, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5900595784187317, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "observational Safety Walk", - "confidence": 0.8769518136978149, - "start": 390, - "end": 393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5497497916221619, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|District|Pemba|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Site/Location**|Cariaco Neighbourhood, Pemba city|Cariaco Neighbourhood, Pemba city|Cariaco Neighbourhood, Pemba city|Cariaco Neighbourhood, Pemba city|\n|**Date**|25th and 28th of May 2022; 3rd and 11th of June 2022|25th and 28th of May 2022; 3rd and 11th of June 2022|25th and 28th of May 2022; 3rd and 11th of June 2022|25th and 28th of May 2022; 3rd and 11th of June 2022|\n|**Agencies/organizations conducting**
**the Safety Audit**|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|\n|**Focus Group Discussion (FGD) # of**
**participants**|**Women**|**Men**|**Adolescent**
**Boys**|**Adolescent**
**Girls**|\n|**Focus Group Discussion (FGD) # of**
**participants**|**32**|**17**|**8 **|**7 **|\n|**Age Breakdown**|(31) 19 - 59
(1) 60+

*_Includes a FGD_
_conducted with_
_women involved_
_in the sale of sex_|(17) 19 \u2013 59|
(8) 10 -18
|(7) 10-18|\n|**Districts of Origin**|Pemba, Mocimboa da Praia, Nangade, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Quissanga, Meluco, Palma|Pemba, Mocimboa da Praia, Nangade, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Quissanga, Meluco, Palma|Pemba, Mocimboa da Praia, Nangade, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Quissanga, Meluco, Palma|Pemba, Mocimboa da Praia, Nangade, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Quissanga, Meluco, Palma|\n\n##### Safety-Walk Findings\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sector|Findings|\n|---|---|\n|**General Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household level) **|**Lighting**
Participants shared their concerns about the limited public lighting at night which they
felt increased GBV risks in the neighbourhood, particularly for women and girls. Limited
availability of night lighting prevents people from seeking medical help at night, such as
in the case of sexual violence.
Most houses have access to lighting at night.|\n|**General Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household level) **|**Shelter information**
In most shelters people sleep in the same room due to lack of space; therefore, privacy
is limited. Most houses have wooded doors and locks; however, displaced women often
use \u2018capulanas/patterned cloth\u2019 material as doors which increases risks of people
accessing the shelter.|\n|**WASH (water**
**points, latrines,**
**showers) **|
**Water access**
Water pumps exist in the neighbourhood. The health centre has running water.|\n|**WASH (water**
**points, latrines,**
**showers) **|
**Public latrine information**
Most household have their own private latrines which are used exclusively by household
members, in general they do not have doors that can be locked.
The neighborhood health centre has latrines but need rehabilitation.|\n|**Facilities (schools,**
**learning spaces,**
**health, markets) and**
**Access to Land **|**Schools (primary and secondary)**
Primary schools are available within the neighbourhood. Some school staff of a local
primary school reported that the number of students increased due to conflict and
displacement. They host some students in temporary classrooms made of bamboo.
Classrooms are overcrowded. Availability of latrines is limited and not always gender
separate with locking doors. Participants reported that school materials are often not
available and many students, particularly displaced students, abandon school for lack
of resources needed to buy school materials.
Students who attend secondary school need to travel to other neighborhoods in the city
centre. They usually reach schools by walking or by public transport. FGD reported that
teachers might be asking for money in exchange of the school kits.|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Distribution points
Distributions of vouchers usually happen at the neighborhood committee and at the
Instituto de Comunica\u00e7ao Social (ICS).|\n|---|---|\n||
**Health services**
A health centre is available within the neighborhood. It is easily accessible since it is
situated in the centre of the neighborhood. Participants reported that in case of GBV,
survivors might not seek health care due to limited night lighting on the way to the health
centre. Girls reported that transport costs might be a barrier in case they need to reach
the central hospital.
Displaced people reported that they might face challenges in accessing health care for
their children who often do not have a health card. They also mentioned that they might
be charged extra fees to access services.
The GBV focal point at the local health centre reported that they can provide care for
GBV survivors without requiring a police report; if a survivor wants to report the incident
to the police, a medical certificate is usually provided. The local health centre has post-
rape kits with post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (PEP), although pregnancy test,
Hepatitis B medication and some STI treatment are lacking. Safe abortion services are
provided within the health centre.|\n||**Markets**
Markets are available within the neighborhood. Some markets have been described as
places at high risk of GBV; a market has been indicated being a location for persons
involved in the sale of sex and a place where women and girls are highly exposed to
sexual harassment, physical and sexual violence by residents and police officers.|\n||**Livelihoods**
Most women and girls, particular displaced women and girls, conduct small businesses
(such as selling cakes, vegetables, etc. on the street). Some other displaced women go
from house to house asking to contribute to household chores (e.g., washing clothes,
babysitting) in exchange for little money. Some other women might have access to some
land to cultivate outside Pemba (e.g., Miezi, Metuge), which can be up to an hour to
travel to by public transport.|\n|**Movements Inside**
**and Outside the**
**Neighborhood **|**Risks on pathways and access points, curfews**
Participants do not feel safe in the neighborhood, particularly at night when police
patrolling is limited. They described that the neighborhood structure \u2013 the neighborhood
is mainly composed by narrow, dark alleys \u2013 exposes them to GBV and other risks (such
as robbery). Girls often walk in groups, especially those who attend evening courses at
school. Girls reported that there are many gangs of young people who sexually harass
and assault girls. Men community members mentioned that they tend to forbid women
and girls to pass next to a house where people using drugs gather.|\n|**Presence of**
**Security and Other**
**Armed Actors**
**Barriers or**
**Checkpoints **|**Presence of security, police or armed forces **
Participants complained that the presence of trusted security forces, including
community police, is limited in the neighborhood, especially at night. Therefore, they do
not feel safe. At the same time, they also feel threatened by police and military,
particularly displaced boys and girls; they might be asked for their ID without any specific
reason and if they do not show it, they might be beaten or sexually harassed.|\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n##### Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Findings\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Area|Findings|\n|---|---|\n|**GBV and**
**Safety Risks**|









**GBV risks**
Women and men reported that the sale of sex is common among women and girls in the
neighbourhood. Women and girl IDPs originating from conflict affected districts in the province,
as well as Pemba and other provinces (e.g., Nampula) may be involved in the sale or exchange
sex in the neighbourhood. They indicated the area close to the market is a main location for
persons involved in the sale of sex in the neighbourhood. The sale of sex might happen also
in bottle stores (\u2018barracas\u2019) and other locations (\u2018Casa Azul\u2019- sex work premises). Women and
men consider that displaced women and girls are involved in the sale of sex mainly for
economic reasons due to limited access to resources. Displaced women depend mainly on
humanitarian aid and the support they receive from host families and small jobs. Therefore,
they have limited sources of income. Boys reported that girls involved in the sale of sex [sexual
exploitation] often tell them that they are not doing anything wrong since they are not killing or
harming anyone; they do it because it is the only means they must access resources.

Women mentioned that families may also encourage their daughters to engage in selling sex
[sexual exploitation] to access basic items, such as food, soap, coal, or any other item they
might need. Women stated that police may frequent sale of sex \u2018_hotspots\u2019_; they might engage
with persons involved in the sale of sex or force them to have sex [rape]. Persons involved in
the sale of sex are considered at highest risk of GBV; clients who refuse to pay usually beat
persons involved in the sale of sex when they request payment.

A focus group discussion conducted with women who sell sex felt that the sale of sex is
common in Pemba. They noticed more and more displaced women and particularly girls
involved in sex work, who often engage in the sale of to meet their needs.**People who sell**
**sex often suffer from physical, economic, emotional, and sexual violence.** Clients are the
main perpetrators: they often beat people who sell sex if they claim for their payment or clients
might steal their phones or money. Clients often force them to have unprotected sex without
their consent. Adolescent girls (aged 14-16 years old), particularly displaced girls, are the group
at highest risk of unprotected sex, since they are less able to negotiate with clients. People
who sell sex are often exposed to GBV by military personnel, in particular physical, sexual and
economic violence. They might be asked for money or forced to perform sexual intercourse if
they do not show their identity document by military; foreign persons involved in the sale of sex,
particularly from Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Malawi might be asked to pay up to 1,000 MZT if
they do not show their visa or are forced to have sex. People who sell sex reported that they
are also exposed to GBV by the community and being called offensive names; they might also
be exposed to GBV by their partners; they often suffer from psychological violence as well as
sexual intimate partner violence.

Women community actors consider**women and girls with disability**, particularly those with
intellectual and developmental disabilities, are the groups at highest risk of GBV. According to
women,**girls are at high risk** of sexual harassment by men and boys in the streets, mainly on
their way to school. They might be approached by adult men and asked for sexual favours in
exchange of food (e.g., \u2018uma bolacha\u2019/biscuits, \u2018um lanche\u2019/snack) and other items, such as
clothes and mobile phones.
|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n8 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|home\u2019. Men mentioned that there is a lack of \u2018sisterhood\u2019 between host and displaced women.
It is vital to consider the gender dynamics of discrimination towards IDPs and how it
impacts especially women\u2019s and girls|\n|---|---|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Legal**
Adult women mentioned that GBV survivors who seek support of community tribunals need to
pay a fee, thus discouraging many women. Moreover, adult women mention that community
tribunals, whose main function was reported at mediation between survivors and perpetrators,
are not very reliable, and their decisions might not necessarily be gender sensitive. A woman
who was physically assaulted by her husband reported her situation to a community tribunal;
women heard that a few days after her husband went to pay a value to the tribunal and the
report against him was immediately withdrawn.

Another barrier to accessing more formal legal and justice services is the limited access to
identity documentation, especially among displaced women and girls, which is considered as
necessary to start legal proceedings. Most cannot request an identity document without a birth
certificate. Therefore, they might be asked for an extra price at the Civil Registry to pay in order
to speed the procedure.|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Health**
Community actors usually refer GBV survivors to the health centre, especially in case of sexual
violence; they think that survivors might need a police report to be attended at the health centre.
Women and girls would not feel safe to walk at night if they need to reach the health centre.

Access to sexual and reproductive health services, particularly for young people, is limited.
Many young girls, particularly displaced girls, do not know which health services are available.
Consequently, adult women reported that many young pregnant girls are not accessing pre-
natal health care neither at health centres nor with traditional birth attendants (\u2018_matronas_\u2019). Girls
reported that girls who are sexually assaulted may not go to the hospital because they do not
know about the importance to seek immediate medical help; they are also afraid of community
stigma if health staff break confidentiality, and the community would know about their situation.
Transport costs have also been described by girls as a challenge to access the hospital.

Moreover, both host community and displaced people might also be charged with extra fees at
health centre by health workers to access different health services. People who sell sex
mentioned that they receive support and information by NGOs, who are providing them with
condoms, lubricants, HIV oral tests, and legal support. It is not clear if displaced people who
sell sex have the same access to services and information since they seem to be less
connected with host community people who sell sex.|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Food Security**

Women community actors heard of IDPs being physically assaulted by host families when they
do not bring at home food from distributions; IDPs might also be asked to share food from
distributions with host families.

Displaced girls mentioned that they might suffer from denial of resources within the frame of
distributions. Community leaders might include their names in the distribution list but when it
comes the time to hand over the items, their name might not be called; when they leave, other
people receive the items instead of them. Boys confirmed this information: host community
might have access to \u2018cheques de valores\u2019 (vouchers) in the place of displaced people. They
say that community leaders abuse of their power to include people in the distribution lists in|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|exchange of a fee or the sharing of the food items purchased. If someone does not pick up his
food kit due to illness, community leaders may also take the items with them away.|\n|---|---|\n|**Community**
**Structures and**
**Cultural**
**Perceptions**|**Community Structures and Response**

Women community actors mentioned that they can lend money to local and displaced women
survivors if they need help. There are some other actors who can support women in the
community, such as local women\u2019s NGOs - which conduct community sensitization -, traditional
birth attendants, health committees, child protection committees. Men mentioned that
traditional birth attendants can give support to survivors, especially in case of intimate partner
violence and sexual violence, to temporarily accommodate survivors and accompany them to
the closest health centre, if needed.**Traditional birth attendants are described as the ones**
**who** **\u2018share their****_capulanas_/ printed cloths\u2019 with the survivors**.

Women community actors reported that GBV survivors usually seek help with the 10 houses
of the community leader (\u2018chefe de 10 casas\u2019) and the blocks of the community leader (\u2018chefe
de quarteiroes\u2019). If needed, they will therefore refer GBV survivors to other superior levels of
the community leadership structure. In case of sexual violence, survivors are referred to health
centres.

Women reported that in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) block leaders or other local
authorities (e.g., the \u2018regulos)\u2019 tend to act as medicators between the couple. They tend to
attempt to convince survivors not to report the case to justice mechanisms, to avoid that their
partners are arrested; they consider this as \u2018protecting\u2019 survivors, block leaders might ask
perpetrators to sign a declaration stating that they will never commit violence against their
wives/partners again. If the survivor is not satisfied with the agreement and wants to proceed
with the case, she might be referred to community tribunals.

In the case of child survivors, they may be referred to the community child protection
committees. In a case of sexual violence, women community leaders firstly accompany the
survivor to police and only after, once obtained the police report, go with GBV survivors to the
health centre.

Girls mentioned that in case of GBV they would seek support from neighbourhood leaders and
police, older family members. In the case of sexual violence specifically, they would only speak
to older women family members, because they would feel ashamed to speak to any other
people. Men reported that cases of sexual violence against girls are rarely brought to the
neighbourhood committees or leaders. Most cases are \u2018solved\u2019 within the family: they ask the
oldest \u2018uncle\u2019 within the family to support to take the most appropriate decision.

**Cultural Perceptions**

Women community actors reported that many women still do not want to report GBV,
particularly Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) for fear of social stigma and isolation, and due to
financial dependence on their partners. Moreover, men mentioned that community leadership
try to collaborate with police; however, the police response is not always immediate, and this
discourages survivors to report. Adult men gave the example of a girl who was sexually
assaulted; neighbours accompanied her to the hospital; the perpetrator was brought to the
neighbourhood committee. However, some weeks after they saw the perpetrator walking freely
in the neighbourhood. This outraged the community. They said that this lack of access to justice|\n\n\n\n10 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|inevitably contributes to discourages reporting. Boys mentioned that if the perpetrator is
unknown, survivors/their families do not see any need to report the case to police.
Women mentioned that some women, particularly displaced women, might not know there are
GBV services in the city.
Adult women reported that adolescent girls rarely seek help if they experience GBV. Sex is still
a taboo and parents tend not to speak about sexuality with their daughters and do not inform
them about associated risks; cases of mothers who discover their daughters in an already
advanced stage of pregnancy are quite common. Moreover, displaced girls do not know where
to seek help in the neighbourhood.|\n|---|---|\n|**Accountability**
**with Affected**
**Population**
**(AAP)**|**Complaints and feedback mechanisms**

Men community actors mentioned that they can contact the hotline Linha Fala Crian\u00e7a if they
need to report a case of GBV regarding a child. In general, participants do not know any other
hotlines or channels for complaints.|\n\n\n## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nThe recommendations listed below are linked to the findings of the Safety Audit. This list is not exhaustive and will\n\nbe presented to the relevant Clusters, services providers, and the community with the aim that they can work\n\ntogether to develop an integrated GBV risk reduction and response plan for the setting.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Area|Recommendations|Action Plan|\n|---|---|---|\n|**GBV/Protection/Child**
**Protection**
**and SEA**|Engage
with
the
community
to
improve
awareness and safe access to the UNHCR-
CUAMM GBV case management and MHPSS
services provided for GBV survivors, access to
UNHCR-CUAMM safe spaces as well as other
GBV services, such as health centres and
_Gabinete de atendimento a mulheres e crian\u00e7as_
_vitimas de violencia_. Engage with community
actors who have been identified as the main entry
points for GBV cases such as community woman
leaders, traditional midwives (_\u2018matronas\u2019_) as well
as any other humanitarian actors involved in the
GBV response already present to build their
capacity on GBV and to make survivor centred
referrals.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|**GBV/Protection/Child**
**Protection**
**and SEA**|
GBV engagement sessions with women and girls
on GBV including child marriage, intimate
partner, sexual violence and sexual exploitation
and abuse. This should include sessions to
discuss sensitive issues such as sexual and
reproductive health, including safe sex, family
planning, early pregnancies, safe abortion.
|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|GBV engagement sessions with associations of
people who sell sex and any other NGOs working
with people selling or exchanging sex, including
sessions on GBV, safe sex, sexual and
reproductive health, and psychosocial support.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|---|---|---|\n||Facilitate safe spaces for women and girls in the
neighborhood and promote safe access to quality
GBV case management, PSS support, legal
information, and as a safe entry point to access
other services through mapping neighborhood
and city level GBV services.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n||Involve community leaders in discussions to
enhance community cohesion and reduce
discrimination against displaced populations,
with the inclusion of women, and girls. Conduct
training for community leaders on core Protection
topics including GBV and survivor centred
access to GBV services/referral pathways|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n||Engage security actors such as police and
community police to assess their role in GBV
prevention, risk mitigation and response, and
develop a training and engagement plan which
should include GBV modules.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n||Address the capacity building of boys and men
on GBV issues and conflict management through
learning
sessions
tailored
for
them
and
enhancing the positive role model approach.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n||Ensure access to identity document services are
available, particularly for displaced women and
girls and other vulnerable groups.|Protection Cluster partners present|\n||Work with the community, and youth groups, to
address substance abuse and other potential
MHPSS concerns impacting vulnerable young
people|Protection Cluster partners present|\n||Link with already existing community female
leadership
and
women\u2019s\u2019
groups
in
the
neighborhood and establish/promote accessible
complaints and feedback mechanisms for
women and girls.|Protection Cluster partners present|\n||Conduct a more in-depth assessment of child
protection concerns. Rapidly scale up child
protection programs in the urban context to
address child labor, child abuse (including child
sexual abuse), and access to education.|Child Protection AoR|\n|**Health**|Ensure health and volunteer staff working at the
different GBV entry points within health centres
(maternity,
_SAAJ-Servi\u00e7os_
_Amigos_
_dos_
_Adolescentes e Jovens_, _UATs \u2013Unidades de_
_Aconselhamento e Testagem_) are trained to be
able to provide survivor-centred care and
referrals.

Ensure that complete post-rape kits are available
at health centre level, including pregnancy tests,
emergency contraception, PEP, STD treatment,
Hepatitis B vaccine and that safe abortion
services are available and providers trained in|Health Cluster, GBV AoR|\n\n\n\n12 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|clinical management of rape. Make different
family planning methods are available at health
centre level, including condoms. Ensure that all
services are provided for free and complaints
mechanisms are in place.
Ensure GBV screening is always conducted in
safe and confidential manners, and a safe and
confidential space to attend GBV survivors is
available at health centre level.
Ensure data on GBV cases are collected in
confidential manner and safely stored and
MISAU case intake forms are available.|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Shelter**|Increase public lighting on public streets,
particularly those pathways girls and women use
to reach health centres, schools and police.|Shelter/NFI Cluster partners present|\n|**Food Security**|Ensure food and voucher distributions effectively
reach displaced populations, particularly new
arrivals and most vulnerable groups, such as girls
and
female-headed
households,
displaced
households with no family network/host families,
as well as vulnerable displaced households who
have been in Pemba for any duration of time.|Food Security and Livelihoods
Cluster partners present|\n|**Education**|Ensure displaced and vulnerable girls can access
school kits and any school material needed (e.g.,
photocopies, school uniforms, menstrual hygiene
materials) to be able to attend school.|Education Cluster partners present|\n|**Education**|Include rechargeable lamps in school kits to
increase the safety of students, particularly girls,
who attend school courses at night|Include rechargeable lamps in school kits to
increase the safety of students, particularly girls,
who attend school courses at night|\n|**Livelihoods**|Identify and provide safe livelihoods options for
women and girls and share information on
existing/new programmes with GBV actors to
include survivors and groups at risk of GBV.|Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster
partners present|\n|**All Clusters**|Ensure PSEA awareness raising sessions are
held during distributions as well as during
sensitization in the community to inform the
population about PSEA risks and available
support services. Promote accessible complaints
and feedback mechanisms, especially for women
and children.|All humanitarian actors|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3d9561ea-fb25-4cfe-b246-7a8963bcb739/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Cariaco%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_320/raw/doc_320_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_320/raw/doc_320_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d7c6cf9cc6fde9fd2e42e83c05c59d14f4a875da..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_320/raw/doc_320_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,476 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Strengthening Neonatal Mortality and** **Stillbirths Audits in Zaatari and Azraq Refugee** **Camps in Jordan**\n\n## **1 January 2023 \u2013 31 December, 2023**\n\n# **Final Report**\n\n## _GHD and EMPHNET: Working together for better health_\n\nGlobal Health Development (GHD) is a regional initiative created to support countries in the\nEastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and to strengthen their health systems to respond to public\nhealth challenges and threats. GHD was initiated to advance the work of the Eastern\nMediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) by building coordinating mechanisms with\nMinistries of Health, International Organizations and other institutions to improve population\nhealth outcomes. As an implementing arm to EMPHNET, GHD aligns its strategies with national\npolicies and directions. Serving as a collaborative platform, GHD/EMPHNET is dedicated to\nserve the region by supporting national efforts to promote public health policies, strategic\nplanning, sustainable financing, resource mobilization, public health programs, and other related\nservices.\n\n\nEMPHNET - 42 Abdallah Ben Abbas Street, Shmeisani, Amman, Jordan\n\n - Tel: +962-6-5519962 - Fax: +962-6-5519963\n[www.globalhealthdev.org](http://www.globalhealthdev.org/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n**Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3**\n\n**Neonatal mortality ................................................................................................................... 3**\n**Stillbirths .................................................................................................................................. 4**\n**Neonatal death and stillbirth audits ....................................................................................... 5**\n**Neonatal death and stillbirth audits in Syrian refugee camps ............................................. 5**\n**Neonatal death and stillbirth in 2022 ..................................................................................... 6**\n\n\n**Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 7**\n\n\n**Results ....................................................................................................................................... 8**\n\n**Number, time, and place of deaths ......................................................................................... 8**\n**Newborns\u2019 clinical characteristics .......................................................................................... 9**\n**Mothers\u2019 characteristics ........................................................................................................ 10**\n**Antenatal care ........................................................................................................................ 11**\n**Delivery characteristics ......................................................................................................... 12**\n**Mothers' and babies\u2019 transportation to the health facility ................................................ 13**\n**Prophylaxis and interventions administered to newborns ................................................. 14**\n**Reasons for admission ........................................................................................................... 15**\n**Causes of death ....................................................................................................................... 15**\n**Delays contributed to neonatal deaths and stillbirths ........................................................ 16**\n\n\n**Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 18**\n\n**A. Delay in the decision to seek care .................................................................................... 18**\n**B. Delay in reaching care....................................................................................................... 20**\n**C. Delay in receiving adequate health care ......................................................................... 20**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\n_**Neonatal mortality**_\n\n\nNeonatal death is defined as any death that occurs in the first 28 days of life. Neonatal deaths\naccount for approximately 44% of all deaths of children under five years in low-middle-income\ncountries [1] . Neonatal mortality is a public health problem worldwide primarily in low- and\nmiddle-income countries. Although extensive progress has been achieved in reducing neonatal\nmortality over the last three decades, increased efforts to improve progress are still needed to\nachieve the 2030 SDG target (3.2) aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12\ndeaths per 1,000 live births. [2] The neonatal death rate is calculated as the number of infant\ndeaths that occur between 0-27 days of life divided by the number of live births, multiplied by\n1000.\n\n\nIn low- and middle-income countries, the majority of neonatal deaths occur without a clear\ncause of death (i.e., pre-maturity). [3] Data on causes of neonatal deaths and the timing around\nneonatal deaths are often sparse and less reliable than all-cause mortality data, and using these\ndata can result in uncertain estimates, which poses substantial challenges to the generation of\nevidence-based interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. Improved data on where and when\nneonatal deaths occur and what causes delays in seeking care is a key factor for developing\ncontext-specific strategies for vulnerable communities and for the provision of health care.\n\n\nAccording to the Jordan Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality study in 2016, [4 ] the neonatal mortality\nrate in Jordan was 14.9 per 1,000 live births. The overall neonatal mortality rate in 2020 was\n14.1 per 1,000 live births. Of neonatal deaths, 76% were early neonatal deaths and 24% were\nlate neonatal deaths. [5] The main causes of neonatal deaths in Jordan occurring pre-discharge\ninclude respiratory and cardiovascular disorders (43%) and low birth weight and pre-term\n(33%). The main maternal conditions attributing to these deaths include complications of the\nplacenta and cord, complications of pregnancy, and medical and surgical conditions. [6] The main\n\n\n[1 UNHCR. Improving newborn and neonatal care- http://www.unhcr.org/57beb81e4.pdf](http://www.unhcr.org/57beb81e4.pdf)\n2 Hug L, Alexander M, You D, Alkema L. National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality\nbetween 1990 and 2017, with scenariobased projections to 2030: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health.\n(2019) 7:e710\u201320.\n3 Goldenberg RL, Muhe L, Saleem S, Dhaded S, Goudar SS, Patterson J, et al. Criteria for assigning cause of\ndeath for stillbirths and neonatal deaths in research studies in low-middle income countries. J Matern Fetal\nNeonatal Med. (2019) 32:1915\u201323.\n4 Batieha A, Khader Y, Berdzuli N, Chua-Oon C, Badran E, Al-Sheyab N, et al. Level, causes and risk factors\nof neonatal mortality, in jordan: results of a national prospective study. Matern Child Health J. (2016) 20:1061\u2013\n71.\n5 [Al-Sheyab NA, Khader YS, Shattnawi KK, Alyahya MS, Batieha A. Rate, Risk Factors, and Causes of](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33194998/)\n[Neonatal Deaths in Jordan: Analysis of Data From Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Surveillance System](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33194998/)\n\n[(JSANDS). Front Public Health. 2020 Oct 30;8:595379.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33194998/)\n\n\n6 Al-Sheyab NA, Khader YS, Shattnawi KK, Alyahya MS, Batieha A. Rate, Risk Factors,\nand Causes of Neonatal Deaths in Jordan: Analysis of Data From Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Surveillance\nSystem (JSANDS). Front Public Health. 2020 Oct 30;8:595379.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on causes of neonatal deaths", - "confidence": 0.8624827265739441, - "start": 202, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5039346218109131, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "neonatal deaths", - "confidence": 0.6526294350624084, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jordan Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality study", - "confidence": 0.8849682807922363, - "start": 288, - "end": 294 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7806932330131531, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9294778108596802, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "live births", - "confidence": 0.5934687256813049, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Surveillance System", - "confidence": 0.9998385906219482, - "start": 631, - "end": 637 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Rate, Risk Factors,\nand Causes of", - "confidence": 0.5024554133415222, - "start": 676, - "end": 684 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "JSANDS", - "confidence": 0.7891179323196411, - "start": 642, - "end": 643 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9998444318771362, - "start": 625, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9558424353599548, - "start": 649, - "end": 650 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Neonatal Deaths", - "confidence": 0.9023928642272949, - "start": 622, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\ncauses of neonatal deaths occurring post-discharge were low birth weight and pre-term\ndeliveries (42%).\n\n\n_**Stillbirths**_\n\n\nThe estimated average global stillbirth rate decreased from 24.7 per 1000 births in 2000 to\n18.4 per 1000 births in 2015. [7] Although the last 15 years witnessed a 25.5% reduction in the\nglobal stillbirth rate, the progress in reducing the stillbirth burden remains slow and\ninsufficient. An estimated 2.6 million stillbirths occur annually, of which 98% occur in lowincome and middle-income countries. The stillbirth rate is the number of stillbirths (any fetal\ndeath after 22 weeks and/or \u2265500 g) divided by the number of total births. Half of all stillbirths\noccur during labor and birth resulting from preventable causes such as maternal infections and\nobstetric complications. Antepartum stillbirths are those that occur before labor, while\nintrapartum stillbirths are those which occur after the onset of labor. Although congenital\nanomalies are one of the leading causes of stillbirths, some of these are also preventable. [8] Many\nfactors play a role in stillbirths including complications during pregnancy and childbirth and\nwomen's characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and chronic\ndiseases. Infant risk factors include gestational age, weight at birth, multiple births, sex, birth\npresentation, and congenital abnormalities. [9] Stillbirth rates appear to be linked to the economic\nstatus of the countries. [10] There is a wide gap in stillbirths between low- and high-income\ncountries, which might be linked to the quality of antenatal, and delivery care and maternal\nservices in these countries. The majority of stillbirths occurring annually are a result of poor\nmaternal care or inadequate management of pregnancy-related care. [11]\nThe stillbirth rate is a sensitive marker of the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth, and\nthe strength of the health system. There is a paucity of quality information on the causes of\nstillbirth globally. Despite growing up research projects on maternal-child health, still, there is\nlittle effort has been made in developing countries to explore the causes of stillbirths. At the\ncountry level, accurate data on stillbirths are urgently needed to enable tracking of the quality\nof antenatal and intrapartum care and understand the causes of these deaths and thus identify\nareas for prevention. [12] Many countries in the region including Jordan do not include stillbirth\nin their vital statistics reporting system.\n\n\nThe rate of stillbirth in Jordan is 9.9 per 1000 total births. The main contributing fetal\nconditions of antepartum stillbirths were antepartum death of unspecified cause (33.7%), acute\nantepartum event (hypoxia) (33.7%), congenital malformations and chromosomal\n\n\n7 Blencowe H, Cousens S, Jassir FB, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in\n2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e98\u2013ee108.\n8 Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Pattinson R, et al. Stillbirths: where? When? Why? How to make the data count?\nLancet. 2011;377:1448\u20131463\n9 Liu LC, Wang YC, Yu MH, et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in different trimesters of pregnancy \u2013 a\nsystematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;53: 141\u2013145.\n10 Aminu M, Unkels R, Mdegela M, et al. Causes of and factors associated with stillbirth in low- and middle\nincome countries: a systematic literature review. BJOG. 2014; 121(Suppl 4):141\u2013153.\n11 Reinebrant HE, Leisher SH, Coory M, et al. Making stillbirths visible: a systematic review of globally\nreported causes of stillbirth. BJOG. 2018;125:212\u2013224.\n12 Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Waiswa P, et al. Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030. Lancet.\n2016;387:587\u2013603.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nabnormalities (13.3%), and disorders related to the length of gestation and fetal growth\n(10.8%). [13] The main contributing maternal conditions of antepartum stillbirths included\ncomplications of the placental cord and membranes (48.7%), maternal complications of\npregnancy (23.1%), and maternal medical and surgical conditions (23.1%).\n\n\n_**Neonatal death and stillbirth audits**_\n\n\nNeonatal death and stillbirth audits are the processes of systematically capturing information\non the number and causes of all neonatal deaths and stillbirths and the potentially avoidable\nfactors linked to deaths, to provide data for decision-making and responding effectively to\nmake changes. [14] These are conducted in a no-blame, interdisciplinary setting to improve the\ncare provided to all mothers and babies. Neonatal deaths and stillbirth reviews provide\nopportunities to examine the circumstances surrounding, as well as the immediate and\ncontributing factors leading to neonatal deaths and stillbirths and inform the delivery of health\nservices and quality of health care for women and babies during pregnancy and delivery, and\nultimately to prevent future morbidity and mortality. [15] Auditing neonatal deaths and stillbirths\ncan encourage stakeholders to enhance the quality of care during the antenatal period and labor,\nthus improving birth outcomes. One way to accomplish this is through the recognition of\nmodifiable risk factors and the development of initiatives to improve care. In specific, auditing\nprovides a better understanding of root causes that allows the prevention of similar deaths in\nthe future.\n\n\nNeonatal mortality and stillbirth audits are particularly important as care often falls short\nbetween different providers and even between different departments or units. However, audits\nalone cannot improve the quality of care and outcomes; unless the recommendations contained\nwithin the audit process are effectively implemented, maternal and neonatal outcomes will not\nimprove. [16,17]\n\n\n_**Neonatal death and stillbirth audits in Syrian refugee camps**_\n\n\nCollectively, Zaatari and Azraq camps host approximately 113,752 refugees; 76878 live in\nZaatari camp and 36874 live in Azraq camp. Pregnant women receive regular checkups in the\ncamps' clinics throughout their pregnancy. They usually deliver their babies in camp hospitals.\nHowever, complicated cases are referred to other health facilities based on defined criteria\ndepending primarily on the facilities capacities. In line with The United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\u2019s global strategy, UNHCR Jordan has established a\n\n\n13 Shattnawi KK, Khader YS, Alyahya MS, Al-Sheyab N, Batieha A. Rate, determinants, and causes of\nstillbirth in Jordan: Findings from the Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance (JSANDS) system.\nBMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Sep 29;20(1):571\n14 Kerber et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2015, 15(Suppl. 2): S9 Counting every stillbirth and neonatal\ndeath through mortality audit to improve quality of care for every pregnant woman and her baby.\nhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/15/S2/S9\n15 http://www.who.int/pmnch/knowledge/publications/summaries/ks27/en/\n[16 Pattinson R1, Kerber K, et. al. Perinatal mortality audit: counting, accountability, and overcoming challenges](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pattinson%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19815206)\n[in scaling up in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Gynecology Obstet.2009 Oct;107 Suppl 1: S113-21,](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815206)\nS121-2.\n17 EJ Buchmann. Towards greater effectiveness of perinatal death audit in low- and middle-income countries.\n[BJOG. Volume 121, Issue Supplement s4, pages 134\u2013136, September 2014](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjo.2014.121.issue-s4/issuetoc)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nneonatal death audit system in camps in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and\nPrevention (CDC). EMPHNET started to conduct audits in the Zaatari camp in June 2016 and\nin the Azraq camp in April 2016. Stillbirth audits started in July 2018. The audit form was pilot\ntested and reviewed by EMPHNET, UNHCR, and The United Nations Population Fund\n(UNFPA). They agreed upon a new audit form for stillbirth to be used starting from 1 January\n2019. Revision of the audit forms took place in late 2019 to capture more significant data;\nquestions were added to highlight the challenges in transportation for the mother in addition to\nthe baby. More questions were added to specify treatment protocols used for anemia during\npregnancy.\n\n\nThe main purpose of death auditing is to decrease neonatal mortalities and stillbirths, among\nSyrian refugees by conducting the following activities:\n\n\n - Conduct periodic review meetings with stakeholders about the findings and\nrecommendations in a manner that is acceptable to all.\n\n\n - Investigate possible causes of death/ and factors affecting the coverage and quality of\nbabies\u2019 care.\n\n - Improve neonatal care in refugee camps and prioritize action to save the lives of babies.\n\n\n_**Neonatal death and stillbirth in 2022**_\n\n\nFigure 1 shows the neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births in Zaatari and Azraq Camps by\nyear from 2017 to 2013.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 1. Neonatal Mortality Rate Per 1000 live births in Zaatari and Azraq Camps,**\n**2017-2023**\n\n\nIn 2022, a total of 45 neonatal deaths (25 in Zaatari camp and 20 in Azraq camp) and 6\nstillbirths (all in Azraq camp) born to Syrian parents were reviewed. Of all neonatal deaths, 27\n(60.0%) were early neonatal deaths (12 in Azraq camp and 15 in Zaatari camp) and 18 (40.0%)\nwere late neonatal deaths (8 in Azraq camp and 10 in Zaatari camp). All stillbirths were\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "neonatal death audit system", - "confidence": 0.8462173342704773, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.6848114728927612, - "start": 41, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7837881445884705, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9289331436157227, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "death auditing", - "confidence": 0.7492180466651917, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq Camps", - "confidence": 0.9605726599693298, - "start": 255, - "end": 259 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-2023", - "confidence": 0.6942331790924072, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8862295150756836, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nantepartum stillbirths. The total number of perinatal deaths was 33 deaths (18 in Azraq and 15\nin Zaatari).\n\n\nIn 2022, delay in problem recognition and deciding to seek care outside the home (Delay 1)\nwas the greatest contributor to neonatal deaths. The most frequent factors that affected\nwomen\u2019s problem recognition/ decision to seek care outside the home were low socioeconomic status and lack of knowledge. Almost half (60.0%) of women had low\nsocioeconomic status and 100% had inadequate knowledge and poor understanding of\ncomplications and risks associated with pregnancy and when to seek medical help. Other\nfrequent delays were not using family planning methods by at-high-risk women or by young\nwomen to delay their first pregnancy (42.2%), not recognizing the risk associated with early\nmarriage/ teenage pregnancy (35.6%), and women\u2019s poor compliance (not following medical\nadvice or non-compliance to routine ANC visits or non-compliance to medications/\nsupplements) (35.6%). Other delays (for neonatal deaths) related to the recognition of danger\nsigns and the decision to seek care. Most delays were more frequent among women living in\nAzraq camp compared to those living in the Zaatari camp.\n\n\nThe second major contributor to neonatal deaths was delays in receiving adequate and quality\ncare at the health facility (Delay 3). The main problems identified were not receiving optimal\nhealth care during the ANC period (68.9%), inadequate investigations for women with past\nhistory of frequent miscarries (60.0%), poor investigation of past obstetric history (66.7%), and\npoor management of high-risk pregnancies, inadequate follow up, and not referring high-risk\npregnancies in the right time (66.7%). Other less frequent problems included poor staff attitude/\nnegligence/ not respecting patients\u2019 rights (44.4%), inadequate assessment of the condition of\nthe neonate and delay in the diagnosis of neonates\u2019 medical problems (35.6%), and clinician\nnon-adherence to standards of care (31.1%). These factors contributed more to deaths in Azraq\ncamp compared to those in Zaatari camp.\n\n\nFor delays related to reaching an appropriate source of care, almost one third (34.1%) of women\nwho were transferred by ambulance had faced problems with transportation, mainly a\ncomplaint of not allowing relatives to accompany them. For 4.2% of women, it took them more\nthan 2 hours to get to the nearest health facility/hospital.\n\n\nThe most frequent delays associated with the six stillbirths in 2022 were patient/family lack of\nknowledge, not recognizing the risk associated with early marriage/ teenage pregnancy, and\npoor investigation of past obstetric history.\n\n\n**Methods**\n\nAll stillbirths (fetal deaths after 22 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight >500g) and neonatal\ndeaths (any infant death within the first 28 completed days of life) in Zaatari and Azraq camps\noccurring during the reporting period between January 1 and December 2022 were investigated\nby EMPHNET group. Neonatal mortality and stillbirth cases were reported to EMPHNET from\nthe International Medical Corps (IMC) in Zaatari and Azraq camps. Whenever EMPHNET was\nalerted about a new case of neonatal mortality or stillbirth, the EMPHNET team conducted the\ndeath audit within 72 hours of the reported death.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\nDeath audits were conducted by physicians and midwives. During the visit, the team filled out\nthe death audit form. The audit form was designed to collect data quantitatively and\nqualitatively by interviewing caregivers/mothers, reviewing the medical files of the newborn\nand mother, reviewing the mother's ANC card, and meeting with the attending\nphysician/midwife.\n\n\nOnce the forms were completed, they were sent to a consultant who reviews the full information\non the cases, verifies the accuracy of the data, identifies information on the modifiable risk\nfactor and delays, and suggests relevant recommendations. After that, the completed forms\nwere submitted electronically to UNHCR who provided their feedback and comments. All\nUNHCR comments were addressed and the forms were revised before they are entered into the\nExcel sheet. All the information in the audit form is kept confidential. Any reported neonatal\ndeath or stillbirth that is found under primary investigation to be living outside the camps but\nreported to the camp for covering delivery services was excluded.\n\n\nFor data analysis, the data in an Excel sheet were exported to IBM SPSS version 24. Data were\nmainly analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data were stratified by the camp.\n\n\n**Results**\n\n\n_**Number, time, and place of deaths**_\n\n\nA total of 37 neonatal deaths (22 in Zaatari camp and 15 in Azraq camp) and 5 stillbirths (all\nin Azraq camp) born to Syrian parents in 2023 were reviewed. Of all neonatal deaths, 20\n(54.1%) were early neonatal deaths (9 in Azraq camp and 11 in Zaatari camp) and 17 (45.9%)\nwere late neonatal deaths (6 in Azraq camp and 11 in Zaatari camp). Four stillbirths were\nantepartum stillbirths.\n\n\nFor neonatal deaths, 35 (94.6%) deaths occurred in the referral facility and 2 deaths (5.4%)\noccurred in the camp health facility. Of the five stillbirths, 3 (60.0%) occurred in the referral\nfacility and 2 (40%) occurred in camp health facility. Almost 18.9% of neonatal deaths\noccurred on the first day of life and 54.1% occurred in the first week of life. Figure 2 shows\nthe distribution of neonatal deaths according to age at death in days.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "death audit form", - "confidence": 0.9160221815109253, - "start": 32, - "end": 35 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Excel sheet", - "confidence": 0.8089198470115662, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reported neonatal\ndeath or stillbirth", - "confidence": 0.528515100479126, - "start": 172, - "end": 177 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5329738855361938, - "start": 262, - "end": 264 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8121587038040161, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "neonatal deaths", - "confidence": 0.8449476957321167, - "start": 257, - "end": 259 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 2.** The distribution of 37 neonatal deaths occurred in 2023 according to age at death\n(day).\n\n\n_**Newborns\u2019 clinical characteristics**_\n\n\nAlmost three quarters (72.9%) of babies who died in the neonatal period and 4 (80%) stillbirths\nwere delivered preterm (<37 weeks). Birth weight was missing for one neonatal death and one\nstillbirth. For neonatal deaths whose birthweights were registered, their birthweight ranged\nfrom 700 to 3200 g (mean = 1713.4 g) and 80.5% weighed less than 2500 grams.\n\n\nFor the 4 stillbirths whose birthweights were registered, 2 (50%) weighed less than 2500. Four\nstillbirths (75%) were fresh stillbirths at the time of delivery. Table 1 shows the demographic\nand clinical characteristics of neonatal deaths in each camp. Figure 3 shows the birthweight\nand gestational age of neonatal deaths in Azraq and Zaatari camps.\n\n\n**Table 1.** The demographic and clinical characteristics of neonatal deaths in each camp\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|**(n = 15)**|**(n = 15)**|**(n = 22)**|**(n = 22)**|**(N = 37)**|**(N = 37)**|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**Sex**|||||||\n|Female|6|40.0|9|40.9|15|40.5|\n|Male|9|60.0|13|59.1|22|59.5|\n|**Time of neonatal death**|||||||\n|Early neonatal death|9|60.0|11|50.0|20|54.1|\n|Late neonatal death|6|40.0|11|50.0|17|45.9|\n|**Birth weight (gram)***|||||||\n|<1500|6|42.9|11|50.0|17|47.2|\n|1500-<2500|4|28.6|8|36.4|12|33.3|\n|\u22652500|4|28.6|3|13.6|7|19.4|\n|**Gestational age (week)**|||||||\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n|<32|7|46.7|9|40.9|16|43.2|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|32-<37|3|20.0|8|36.4|11|29.7|\n|\u226537|5|33.3|5|22.7|10|27.0|\n|**Neonatal resuscitation required**|14|93.3|20|90.9|34|91.9|\n|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|*Birth weight was missing for 1 baby|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 3.** The birthweight and gestational age of neonatal deaths in Azraq and Zaatari camps.\n\n\n_**Mothers\u2019 characteristics**_\n\n\nThe 37 neonatal deaths were born for 35 women. Women aged between 16 and 40 years (Mean\n(SD) = 25.7 (6.8) years). Eight women (22.9%) aged <20 years and 4 women (11.4%) aged\n>35 years. A total of 17 (50.0%) women had 4 or more pregnancies and 12 (34.3%) women\ngave birth to 4 babies or more. Almost 82.9% of pregnancies were singletons. Table 2 shows\nthe characteristics of the 35 mothers whose newborns died during the neonatal period.\n\n\nThe mothers who delivered stillbirths aged between 23 and 36 years (Mean = 21 years). None\nof women aged <20 years and 1 woman aged >35 years. Four women (80%) had primary\neducation or less. All women had 4 or more pregnancies and all gave birth to 4 babies or more.\n\n\n**Table 2.** The characteristics of 35 mothers whose newborns died during the neonatal period.\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|(N =15)|(N =15)|(N = 20)|(N = 20)|(N = 35)|(N = 35)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**Age of mother (year)**|||||||\n|<20|3|20.0|5|25.0|8|22.9|\n|20-35|10|66.7|13|65.0|23|65.7|\n|>35|2|13.3|2|10.0|4|11.4|\n|**Gravida (number of pregnancies)**|||||||\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n|<4|5|33.3|12|63.2|17|50.0|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|4-6|7|46.7|3|15.8|10|29.4|\n|>6|3|20.0|4|21.1|7|20.6|\n|**Parity (number of births)**|||||||\n|<4|8|53.3|15|75.0|23|65.7|\n|4-6|6|40.0|4|20.0|10|28.6|\n|>6|1|6.7|1|5.0|2|5.7|\n|**Type of pregnancy**|||||||\n|Singleton|14|93.3|15|75.0|29|82.9|\n|Twin|1|6.7|5|25.0|6|17.2|\n\n\n\n_**Antenatal care**_\n\n\nAll mothers of neonatal deaths received antenatal care (ANC) before delivery. Table 3 shows\nthe ANC utilization, pregnancy danger signs identified during the antenatal period, and\ninterventions applied after danger signs were identified. The number of ANC visits varied\naccording to the gestational age and women\u2019s conditions. Almost half of women (45.7%)\nvisited the health facility 7 times or less.\n\n\nCompared to 2022, the percentage of women who received tetanus toxoid has decreased and\nthe percentages of those who received iron supplement and folic acid have increased in 2023.\nIn 2023, about 65.7% (75.0% in 2022) of women received tetanus toxoid, 100.0% received\niron supplements (95.5% in 2022), and 100.0% received folic acid (90.9% in 2022).\n\n\nThe vast majority of women had at least one pregnancy danger sign. The most common\npregnancy danger sign was abdominal pain (71.4 %%). The most common intervention\nreceived was referral (82.9%). During the antenatal period, all women received the following\nservices: blood pressure measurement, blood sugar measurement, checking fetal heart, and\nblood group and RH factor.\n\n\nAll women who delivered stillbirths received antenatal care before delivery. All women\nreceived folic acid and iron supplement. All women had their blood pressure and blood sugar\nmeasured. One woman had prolonged premature rupture membranes and oligohydramnios and\nanother woman had vaginal spotting, cough and sever attacks of shortness of breath. All women\nwere referred. Antibiotics were given to two women. One woman was diagnosed with\nhypertension, one diagnosed with diabetes, two women diagnosed with anemia. Two women\ndid not use family planning methods and three women used family planning methods when\nthey became pregnant.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 3.** Antenatal care utilization, pregnancy danger signs identified during the antenatal\nperiod and interventions applied after danger signs identified for mothers of neonatal deaths\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|(N =15)|(N =15)|(N =20)|(N =20)|(N = 35)|(N = 35)|\n||n||n||N||\n|**Received ANC**|15|100|20|100|35|100|\n|**Number of ANC visits \u22647**|4|26.7|12|60.0|16|45.7|\n|**Medications received during the antenatal**
**period**|||||||\n|Tetanus toxoid|6|40.0|17|85.0|23|65.7|\n|Iron supplement|15|100|20|100|35|100|\n|Folic Acid|15|100|20|100|35|100|\n|**Pregnancy danger signs identified during**
**the antenatal period**|||||||\n|Fever|0|0.0|1|5.0|1|2.9|\n|Abdominal pain|9|60.0|16|80.0|25|71.4|\n|Blurred vision|0|0.0|2|10.0|2|5.7|\n|Vaginal bleeding|3|20.0|6|30.0|9|25.7|\n|Elevated blood pressure|0|0.0|2|10.0|2|5.7|\n|**Interventions applied after danger signs**
**identified**|||||||\n|Referral|11|73.3|18|90.0|29|82.9|\n\n\n\n_**Delivery characteristics**_\n\n\nAlmost three quarters of women (74.3%, n = 26) delivered via cesarean section, and 9 (25.7%)\nvia vaginal delivery (skilled birth attendant). Table 4 shows the delivery and other relevant\ncharacteristics for mothers who had their babies died during the neonatal period. The majority\nof women (82.9%, n = 29) were delivered at the referral hospitals, 5 (14.3%) in the camp\nhospital, and 1 (2.9%) in the clinic/health center. The majority (97.0%) of deliveries were\nattended by a gynecologist and one delivery was attended by a midwife. All delivered women\nwere alive at the time of home visits.\n\n\nFor women with stillbirths, one woman delivered via cesarean section and 4 women were\ndelivered via vaginal delivery (skilled birth attendant). Three women were delivered at the\nreferral hospitals and two women delivered in the camp hospital. Three deliveries were\nattended by a gynecologist and two were attended by a midwife.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 4** . Delivery characteristics for mothers of neonatal deaths\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|(N =15)|(N =15)|(N =20)|(N =20)|(N = 35)|(N = 35)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**Mode of delivery**|||||||\n|Caesarean section|10|66.7|16|80.0|26|74.3|\n|Vaginal delivery (skilled birth attendant)|5|33.3|4|20.0|9|25.7|\n|**Delivery location**|||||||\n|Camp hospital (clinic)|4|26.7|1|5.0|5|14.3|\n|Clinic/health center|0|0.0|1|5.0|1|2.9|\n|Referral hospital|11|73.3|18|90.0|29|82.9|\n|**Birth attendant**|||||||\n|Gynecologist|14|93.3|18|90.0|32|97.0|\n|Midwife|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|3.0|\n\n\n\n_**Mothers' and babies\u2019 transportation to the health facility**_\n\n\nFor mothers of neonatal deaths, 6 (17.1%) women were delivered in the camp, 25 (71.4%)\nwomen were transferred by ambulance and 4 (11.4%) women were transferred by private car\n(6.8% transferred by private care in 2022). Almost 42.9% of women who were transferred by\nambulance had faced problems with transportation (34.1% in 2022), mainly a complaint of not\nallowing relatives to accompany them. For one woman, it took them more than 2 hours to get\nto the nearest health facility/hospital. Four (11.4%) women encountered challenges in the\nhealth facility (15.9% in 2022). Table 5 shows the transportation to the health facility for\nmothers of neonatal deaths.\nFor mothers of stillbirths, 2 women were transferred by ambulance and one woman was\ntransferred by private car. Two women stated that they have faced problems with transportation\nto the health facility, mainly complaining of having no companion, and none of women\nencountered challenges in the health facility.\n\n**Table 5.** The transportation to the health facility for mothers of neonatal deaths\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|(N =15)|(N =15)|(N =20)|(N =20)|(N = 35)|(N = 35)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**Mothers\u2019 transportation to the health facility**|||||||\n|Ambulance|10|66.7|15|75.0|25|71.4|\n|NA (delivered in the camp)|4|26.7|2|10.0|6|17.1|\n|Private taxi|1|6.7|3|15.0|4|11.4|\n|**Experienced problems with transportation to the**
**health facility**|5|33.3|10|50.0|15|42.9|\n|Not allowing any family member to go with the patient to
the referred hospital|3|20.0|10|50.0|13|37.1|\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|The ambulance made an additional stop at another health
facility to drop off patients at another location, prolonging
the trip and increasing exhaustion.|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|2.9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|The ambulance was very crowded|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|2.9|\n|**Took more than 2 hours to get to the nearest health**
**facility/hospital**|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|2.9|\n|**Encountered challenges in the health facility**|1|6.7|3|15.0|4|11.4|\n|The patient believed that the medical staff forced her to
leave the hospital before Eid Al-Feter .|0|0.0|1|5.0|1|2.9|\n|The patient felt she needed more attention and
explanations about what happened to her baby and what
to do after a caesarean delivery|0|0.0|1|5.0|1|2.9|\n|The patient felt that the care was not appropriate for her|0|0.0|1|5.0|1|2.9|\n|Upon arrival, the patient was scheduled for an urgent
delivery (pregnancy termination). However, there was a
delay of 12 hours before the patient underwent an urgent
cesarean section (C/S) as the medical staff requested the
patient's husband's approval for the procedure.|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|2.9|\n\n\n_**Prophylaxis and interventions administered to newborns**_\n\n\nTable 6 shows the prophylaxis administered at birth and interventions provided to newborns.\nOf all newborns who died in the neonatal period, 89.2% (n = 33) received Vitamin K and\nantibiotic eye ointment/drops as prophylaxis at birth. In 2022, the majority of newborns\nreceived Vitamin K (97.8%) and antibiotic eye ointment/drops (93.3%) as prophylaxis at birth.\nAlmost 27.0% of babies needed oxygen, reflecting their critical conditions. The most common\ninterventions provided to newborns included IV fluids (89.2%) and parenteral antibiotics\n(8.3.8%).\n\n\n**Table 6.** The prophylaxis administered at birth and interventions provided to newborn\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Variable**|(n = 15)|(n = 15)|(n = 22)|(n = 22)|(N = 37)|(N = 37)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**Prophylaxis administered at birth**|||||||\n|Vitamin K|12|80.0|21|95.5|33|89.2|\n|Antibiotic eye ointment/drops|12|80.0|21|95.5|33|89.2|\n|**Interventions provided to newborn**|||||||\n|Oxygen|5|33.3|5|22.7|10|27.0|\n|Parenteral antibiotics|13|86.7|18|81.8|31|83.8|\n|IV fluids|14|93.3|19|86.4|33|89.2|\n|Parenteral anticonvulsants|1|6.7|0|0.0|1|2.7|\n|Phototherapy|1|6.7|6|27.3|7|18.9|\n|Blood transfusion|3|20.0|5|22.7|8|21.6|\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n_**Reasons for admission**_\n\n\nTable 7 shows the reasons for the admission of newborns who died in the neonatal period. All\nbabies were critically ill on admission. The main reasons for admission were prematurity\n(67.6%), low birth weight (62.2%), and dyspnea (91.9%).\n\n\n**Table 7** . Reasons for admission of newborns who died in the neonatal period\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|** Reason for admission**|(n = 15)|(n = 15)|(n = 22)|(n = 22)|(N = 37)|(N = 37)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|Prematurity|11|73.3|14|63.6|25|67.6|\n|Fever|||||||\n|Refusal to suck|0|0.0|2|9.1|2|5.4|\n|Neonatal sepsis|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|Low birth weight|9|60.0|14|63.6|23|62.2|\n|Congenital anomaly|3|20.0|1|4.5|4|10.8|\n|Jaundice|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|Dyspnea|14|93.3|20|90.9|34|91.9|\n\n\n\n_**Causes of death**_\n\n\nThe immediate causes of neonatal death, as documented by the attending physician, were\ncardiopulmonary arrest for all deaths (Table 8). The main underlying causes of death were RDS\n(62.2%), pulmonary hemorrhage (21.6%) and congenital anomalies (13.5%). For stillbirths,\nthe cause of death was unknown or determined as IUFD by the attending physician.\n\n\n**Table 8** . The immediate and underlying causes of neonatal deaths\n\n|Col1|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Cause of Death**|(n = 15)|(n = 15)|(n = 22)|(n = 22)|(N = 37)|(N = 37)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|**The immediate cause of death**|||||||\n|Cardiopulmonary arrest|15|100|22|100|37|100|\n|**Underlying cause of death**|||||||\n|RDS|12|80.0|11|50.0|23|62.2|\n|Pulmonary Hemorrhage|0|0.0|8|36.4|8|21.6|\n|Congenital anomaly|4|26.7|1|4.5|5|13.5|\n|Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the
newborn and neonatal|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|pneumonia|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|Sepsis|0|0.0|3|13.6|3|8.1|\n|Suffocation|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n||||||||\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n|Unknown|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n\n\n\n_**Delays contributed to neonatal deaths and stillbirths**_\n\n\nDelay in problem recognition and deciding to seek care outside the home (Delay 1) was the\ngreatest contributor to neonatal deaths. The most frequent factors that affected women\u2019s\nproblem recognition/ decision to seek care outside the home was lack of knowledge. All women\nhad inadequate knowledge and poor understanding of complications and risks associated with\npregnancy and when to seek medical help. Other frequent delays were not using family\nplanning methods by at-high-risk women or by young women to delay their first pregnancy\n(51.4%), not recognizing the risk associated with early marriage/ teenage pregnancy (54.1%),\nand women\u2019s poor compliance (not following medical advice or non-compliance to routine\nANC visits or non-compliance to medications/ supplements) (37.8%), and receiving ANC from\ndifferent facilities (no continuity of ANC) (37.8%). Other delays (for neonatal deaths) related\nto the recognition of danger signs and the decision to seek care are shown in Table 9.\n\n\n**Table 9.** Delays related to recognition of danger signs and decision to seek care (Delay 1)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Delays|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Delays**|(n = 15)|(n = 15)|(n = 22)|(n = 22)|(N = 37)|(N = 37)|\n||n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|Delay in seeking ANC services|3|20.0|7|31.8|10|27.0|\n|Low socioeconomic status|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n|Patient/family lack of knowledge|15|100|22|100|37|100|\n|Not recognizing the risk associated with early
marriage/ teenage pregnancy|6|40.0|14|63.6|20|54.1|\n|Not using family planning methods by high risk
women or to delay first pregnancy|8|53.3|11|50.0|19|51.4|\n|Not following medical advice, not compliant
with routine ANC visits, not compliant with
medications/supplements|7|46.7|7|31.8|14|37.8|\n|Delay recognizing the need for care|4|26.7|6|27.3|10|27.0|\n|Poor feeding practices|1|6.7|2|9.1|3|8.1|\n|Receiving ANC from different facilities (no
continuity of ANC)|8|53.3|6|27.3|14|37.8|\n\n\nThe second major contributor to neonatal deaths was delays in receiving adequate and quality\ncare at the health facility (Delay 3). Table 10 shows the various delays related to receiving\nadequate and quality care at the health facility. The main problems identified were inadequate\ncounseling during ANC (86.5%), not receiving optimal health care during the ANC period\n(75.7%), poor management of high-risk pregnancies, inadequate follow up, and not referring\nhigh-risk pregnancies in the right time (62.2%), clinician non-adherence to standards of care\n(54.1%), inadequate investigations for women with past history of frequent miscarries (40.7%),\nand poor investigation of past obstetric history (40.7%). Other less frequent problems included\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\npoor staff attitude/ negligence/ not respecting patients\u2019 rights (29.7%) and inadequate\nassessment of the condition of the neonate and delay in the diagnosis of neonates\u2019 medical\nproblems (27.0%).\n\n\n**Table 10.** Delays related to receiving adequate and quality care at the health facility\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Delays|Azraq|Col3|Zaatari|Col5|Total|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Delays**
|(n = 15)|(n = 15)|(n = 22)|(n = 22)|(N = 37)|(N = 37)|\n|
**Delays**
|n|%|n|%|N|%|\n|Inadequate counseling during ANC|14|93.3|18|81.8|32|86.5|\n|Not receiving optimal health care during the ANC
period|10|66.7|18|81.8|28|75.7|\n|Poor
management
of
high-risk
pregnancies,
inadequate follow-up, and not referring high-risk
pregnancies at the right time|9|60.0|14|63.6|23|62.2|\n|Clinician non-adherence to standards of care|7|46.7|13|59.1|20|54.1|\n|Inadequate investigations for women with the past
history of frequent miscarries|7|46.7|8|36.4|15|40.5|\n|Poor investigation of past obstetric history|7|46.7|8|36.4|15|40.5|\n|Poor staff attitude/ negligence/ not respecting
patients\u2019 rights|2|13.3|9|40.9|11|29.7|\n|Inadequate assessment of the condition of the
neonate and delay in the diagnosis of neonates\u2019
medical problems|3|20.0|7|31.8|10|27.0|\n|Delay
in
referral/
poor
coordination
and
arrangement between the referral sites|5|33.3|4|18.2|9|24.3|\n|Delay in receiving adequate care in the hospital
when a facility is reached|3|20.0|3|13.6|6|16.2|\n|Inadequate management of uncontrolled gestational
diabetes|2|13.3|1|4.5|3|8.1|\n|Not provide women with folic acid|1|6.7|1|4.5|2|5.4|\n|Poor management of UTI/ Vaginitis|0|0.0|1|4.5|1|2.7|\n\n\nFor delays related to reaching an appropriate source of care by mothers of neonatal deaths, 6\n(17.1%) women were delivered in the camp, 25 (71.4%) women were transferred by ambulance\nand 4 (11.4%) women were transferred by private car (6.8% transferred by private care in\n2022). Almost 42.9% of women who were transferred by ambulance had faced problems with\ntransportation (34.1% in 2022), mainly a complaint of not allowing relatives to accompany\nthem (n=13). One woman complained of that the ambulance made an additional stop at another\nhealth facility to drop off patients at another location, prolonging the trip and increasing\nexhaustion. Another woman complained of that the ambulance was very crowded. For one\nwoman, it took them more than 2 hours to get to the nearest health facility/hospital.\n\nTable 11 shows the delays associated with the five stillbirths. The most frequent delays were\npatient/family lack of knowledge and not receiving optimal health care during the ANC period.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n**Table 11.** Delays associated with the five stillbirths\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Delay|n|%|\n|---|---|---|\n|Delay in seeking ANC services|4|80|\n|Patient/family lack of knowledge|5|100|\n|Not recognizing the risk associated with early marriage/ teenage
pregnancy|2|40|\n|Not following medical advice, not compliant to routine ANC visits,
not compliant to medications/supplements|3|60|\n|Delay recognizing the need for care|3|60|\n|Receiving ANC from different facilities (no continuity of ANC)|1|20|\n|Not receiving optimal health care during the ANC period|5|100|\n|Poor management of high-risk pregnancies, inadequate follow-up,
and not referring high-risk pregnancies at the right time|3|60|\n|Inadequate management of uncontrolled gestational diabetes|1|20|\n|Inadequate investigations for women with a history of frequent
miscarries|4|80|\n|Poor investigation of past obstetric history|3|60|\n|Poor staff attitude/ negligence/ not respecting patients\u2019 rights|2|40|\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\nBased on the study findings, several recommendations can be made to address the identified\nfactors contributing to neonatal deaths and delays in seeking care. These recommendations are\naimed at improving women's knowledge, promoting family planning, raising awareness about\nthe risks associated with early marriage and teenage pregnancy, and enhancing women's\ncompliance with medical advice and antenatal care (ANC). Effective community engagement\nand mobilization is key to the success of any health program. The purpose of community-based\nintervention is to generate and sustain the community\u2019s interest in the services offered by the\nhealthcare delivery system and to improve their health-seeking behaviors. Healthcare delivery\nsystems in parallel should meet the essential health services delivery standards to ensure the\ndelivery of health services of optimal quality.\nThe below recommendations are based on the findings of death auditing in Zaatari and Azraq\ncamps in 2023 and guided by the three delay model:\n\n\n**A. Delay in the decision to seek care**\n\n\n_**A1. Community-level**_\n\n\n - Increase the awareness of the refugee population about pregnancy, childbirth, and\nnewborn healthcare to improve their health-seeking behavior for accessing the available\nservices on time\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n - Increase the awareness of the refugee population about the risks of early marriage and\nteenage pregnancies and the importance and benefits of family planning\n\n - Address the barriers to modern family planning methods use in the refugee population\nand strengthen these services\n\n - Involve male members of the family in the awareness interventions related to\npregnancy, childbirth and newborn healthcare, early marriage, teenage pregnancies,\nand family planning\n\n - Examine beliefs and traditional practices related to postnatal care and feeding practices\nof the infants thoroughly and increase awareness of the identified issues in a targeted\nmanner\n\n - Raise awareness on the availability of the services offered at the PHC facilities and the\ncamp secondary level health facility (hospital) to ensure that the communities are well\ninformed and oriented about the availability of services offered at these facilities\nincluding services offered to adolescents\n\n - Inform communities about the availability of TT vaccination at the health facilities in\nthe camps to improve the utilization of these services\n\n - Community health volunteers can have a strong role through the systematic\nimplementation of the maternal newborn community health toolkit on timely referral\nfor cases for ANC, awareness raising on the risks of danger signs during pregnancy,\nand timely referral. The role of community health volunteers should be further\nstrengthened to perform these functions by providing them with the appropriate\ntraining.\n\n\n_**A2. Individual-level**_\n\n\n - Empower women to actively participate in decision-making regarding their health and\npregnancies.\n\n - Establish support groups for pregnant women to share experiences, knowledge, and\nadvice, fostering a sense of community and mutual support.\n\n - Provide non-financial incentives for women to encourage them to seek care\n\n - Improve the communication and linkages with a source of care to encourage women to\nseek services. In some cases, disrespect of women, violation of human rights (such as\nnot using a phone), and not allowing relatives to accompany women during transfer via\nambulance were reported. These aspects might deter women from seeking care in the\nfuture.\n\n - Utilize technology, such as mobile applications or SMS reminders, to disseminate\ncrucial information about pregnancy, ANC appointments, and medication schedules.\n\n\n_**A3. Health System level**_\n\n\n - Strengthening the counseling services during antenatal and postnatal care to:\n\n`o` raise knowledge and awareness of women about danger signs during\n\npregnancy,\n\n`o` available venues to access services,\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobile applications", - "confidence": 0.5827879905700684, - "start": 381, - "end": 383 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n`o` feeding practices for newborns and infants, compliance with the treatment\n\noffered,\n\n`o` adherence to the supplements and medications prescribed during the early\n\nstages of the pregnancy,\n\n`o` importance of family planning, and\n\n`o` early marriages\n\n - Invest in capacity building programs for health care providers in refugee camps.\nTraining should focus on improving skills in neonatal and maternal care and effective\ncommunication.\n\n - Strengthen partnership and collaboration between healthcare providers, NGOs, and\ncommunity representatives.\n\n\n**B. Delay in reaching care**\n\n\n - Improve ambulance services and make these services more timely and friendly.\nChallenges have been identified in the transportation of the cases accompanied by a\nhusband or an attendant while referring the cases to the appropriate level of health care\nfacilities to receive the required services. Remedial actions shall be taken led by the\nUNHCR public health focal point for the camp with the involvement of relevant\nagencies to address the transportation issues.\n\n - Implement protocols to minimize delays, such as avoiding unnecessary stops and\nmaintaining an efficient and timely route to health facilities.\n\n - Address issues related to overcrowded ambulances by ensuring that they have adequate\nspace to accommodate patients comfortably.\n\n - Develop guidelines and policies to ensure that relatives are allowed to accompany\npatients in ambulances, addressing concerns raised by mothers in the study.\n\n - Conduct training for ambulance staff to emphasize the importance of patient comfort\nand support during transportation.\n\n - Establish a feedback mechanism for patients and their families to report issues with\ntransportation services.\n\n - Establish a monitoring and evaluation system to assess the performance of\ntransportation services regularly.\n\n\n**C. Delay in receiving adequate health care**\n\n\n - Improve staff capacity and attitudes through training and supervision. Training the\nhealthcare workers is needed on standards care related to:\n\n - Referral of high-risk pregnancies\n\n - Management of high-risk pregnancies in the hospitals\n\n - Policies and guidelines for postdate pregnancies\n\n - Proper documentation of information and findings\n\n - Providing high-quality antenatal care services especially the early detection of\nmedical problems and danger signs.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (GHD/EMPHNET)\n\n\n - Ensure adherence of health professionals to evidence-based practices such as folic acid\nsupplements provision and regular monitoring of adherence to the essential standards\n\n - Establish mechanisms for monitoring and addressing clinician non-adherence to\nstandards of care. This may include regular audits, performance assessments, and\nfeedback systems.\n\n - Develop protocols for conducting thorough investigations for women with a history of\nfrequent miscarriages or other high-risk factors.\n\n - Implement training programs to enhance healthcare providers' interpersonal skills and\nfoster a respectful and compassionate environment within health facilities\n\n - Ensure facilities are suitably equipped with all the essential equipment and supplies to\nprovide services of optimal quality and as per the acceptable standards on par with the\nnational and international standards\n\n - Further strengthening the referral systems between PHC facilities and hospitals\nespecially for high-risk pregnancies\n\n - Evaluate the quality of ANC services and improve adherence to the essential standards\non par with national and international standards. Quality of the ANC services should\nbe regularly monitored to ensure adherence to the acceptable standards\n\n - Emphasize patient-centered care by addressing issues such as poor staff attitude,\nnegligence, and the violation of patients' rights.\n\n - Strengthen family planning services, especially for adolescents. Training of the\ncommunity health workers to provide family planning by using the newly developed\nfamily planning App (developed for Jordanians) in camps should be considered\n\n - Women with a history of miscarriages should be investigated for the possibility of\nidentifying the etiology (up to 50% of cases of recurrent losses are expected to have a\nclearly defined etiology)\n\n - Monitoring and accountability systems for RH services, in general, should be further\nstrengthened by the agencies involved in the delivery of RH services in the camp. Any\nissues related to the RH service delivery should be included in the agenda of RH\ncoordination and general health coordination forms and tangible actions should be\nagreed upon by all the relevant agencies to address the identified issues.\n\n - Establish a robust quality assurance system within health facilities to continuously\nmonitor and improve the quality of maternal and neonatal care.\n\n - Encourage the involvement of stakeholders, including patients and community\nrepresentatives, in the evaluation of healthcare service quality.\n\n - Ensure facilities are suitably equipped to provide safe deliveries\n\n - Ensure discharge notes are properly filled in with details with clear guidance on the\nfollow-ups needed.\n\n - Re-enforce the implementation of the policy on vital signs measurements by the\nmidwives and pediatric nurses to be able to identify critically ill patients to ensure a\ntimely referral.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5807b139-5968-4dd1-aec5-e8a38ee2ca49/Death%20Auditing%20Year%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_321/raw/doc_321_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_321/raw/doc_321_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8595ad9acc6e9ab1d19b6b0aaa347330063ca09f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_321/raw/doc_321_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Executive summary**\n\nThis policy brief addresses the issue of access to\ndecent work for urban refugees in Nairobi and Kampala\nand provides recommendations to overcome the\nchallenges they face. Urban refugees, unlike those in\ncamps, are expected to achieve economic self-reliance,\nbut face challenges limiting access to employment\nopportunities, aggravated by barriers associated with\ntheir refugee status. The policy brief highlights current\npolicy regulations and initiatives while identifying key\nbarriers and proposing solutions. Existing policies at the\nglobal, regional, and national levels guarantee refugees\u2019\nright to work and promote self-reliance. However,\nimplementation has been slow and fragmented, resulting\nin a lack of awareness among both the private sector and\nrefugees themselves. Lengthy bureaucratic processes\nfor obtaining work permits and refugee identification\ndocuments create delays and push refugees into\nthe informal sector or illegal work, exposing them to\nexploitation and abuse.\n\n\n**Key issues limiting access to decent work for refugees**\ninclude discriminatory attitudes and perceptions\namong potential employers, refugees\u2019 overreliance on\nhumanitarian support, limited awareness of employment\nopportunities, challenges in skills recognition, lack of\nrepresentation and networking opportunities, language\nand cultural barriers, and limited access to education\nand skills training.\n\n\n**To address these challenges, several recommendations**\n**are** **proposed.** Governments should streamline\nthe process of providing work permits and refugee\nidentification documents, grant refugees equal rights\nand protections in the workplace, and operationalize\nand streamline processes for recognizing refugees\u2019\nskills and qualifications. Governments should incentivize\nthe development of tailored training programs and\nencourage refugee business development initiatives.\n\n\n[1https://rebuild.rescue.org/](https://rebuild.rescue.org/)\n[2https://unhabitat.org/topic/urban-migration](https://unhabitat.org/topic/urban-migration)\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nRefugee serving organizations should conduct awareness\ncampaigns on refugee rights around decent employment\nincluding safe working conditions, provide training to\nrefugees, facilitate networking platforms and mentorship\nprograms, and support the formation of refugee-led\nassociations and inclusion of refugees into trade unions\nto enhance their voice. The private sector should offer\nequitable, safe and dignified work opportunities for\nrefugees.\n\n\nBy implementing these recommendations, stakeholders\ncan ensure urban refugees contribute to their host\ncommunities and achieve self-reliance, leading to more\ndurable solutions and inclusive development.\n#### **1.0 Introduction**\n\n\nUrban refugees, unlike their camp-based counterparts,\nare expected to achieve economic self-reliance.\nIt is therefore crucial to promote opportunities for\nmeaningful and dignified employment to empower\nrefugees, lift them out of poverty, and prevent them from\nbecoming a burden on economies that are recovering\nfrom the impacts of COVID-19 and the impact of the\ncurrent global economic crisis. This policy brief was\ndeveloped using experiences gained in the Re:BUiLD\nprogram. [1] It highlights current policy regulations and\ninitiatives designed to facilitate access to decent work\nfor urban refugees in Nairobi, Kenya, and Kampala,\nUganda. Additionally, it will reveal the barriers they\nface in accessing such employment and provide\nrecommendations to overcome these challenges.\n\n\nUN Habitat estimates that **80 percent of refugees**\n**and internally displaced persons (IDPs)** are drawn to\ncities worldwide, rather than living in camps. [2] Cities\nare therefore at the forefront of the global response to\nprotracted displacement. To survive in cities, refugees\noften take up jobs in the informal sector due to legal\nbarriers to accessing formal work, as well as limited\nopportunities.\n\n\nRe:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With 1.5 million [3] refugees, Uganda is the third-largest\nrefugee-hosting nation in the world and the largest in\nAfrica. The country has progressive policies towards\ndisplaced persons, yet just 29 percent of refugees in\nUganda are actively working, compared with 64 percent\namong host communities. [4]\n\n\nIn Kenya, about 16 percent of the over half a million\nrefugees lives in urban areas \u2013 mainly in Nairobi. [5] They\nare expected to have more opportunities to develop\nand become self-sustainable instead of dependent on\nhumanitarian aid, [6] but limited access to decent work\nopportunities leads them to more vulnerability and seek\nhumanitarian support or return to the camps.\n\n#### **2.0 \u2018Decent work\u2019 definition**\n\n\nThe International Labor Organization (ILO) defines\ndecent work as **\u201cwork that is productive and delivers**\n**a fair income, security in the workplace and social**\n**protection for families, better prospects for personal**\n**development and social integration, freedom for**\n**people to express their concerns, organize and**\n**participate in the decisions that affect their lives and**\n**equality of opportunity and treatment for all women**\n**and men.\u201d** **[7]**\n\n\nIt further characterizes decent work in four pillars:\n**1. Employment creation and enterprise development.**\nPromotion of \u2018employment-rich\u2019 growth and growth\nthat is targeted at helping the poor.\n**2. Social protection.** Promotion of social justice,\ncohesion, and protection.\n**3. Standards and rights at work.** Promotion of\ncompliance with the fundamental principles and\nrights at work which all member states of the ILO are\nbound to respect, whether they have ratified them\nor not, and to those other Conventions ratified by\nindividual states.\n**4. Governance and social dialogue.** Social dialogue\nbetween governments, employers, and workers,\nas a means of achieving wider understanding and\nacceptance of social and economic policies as well\nas greater democratization.\n\n\n#### **3.0 Progressive policies with** **limited implementation**\n\nPolicies and regulations supporting refugees\u2019 access\nto decent work exist from the global to the city level in\nNairobi and Kampala.\nHowever, implementation has been slow, resulting in a\nlack of awareness among both the private sector and\naffected refugees themselves. Many private sector\nactors are unaware that they can employ refugees who\npossess the necessary documentation. Many refugees\nresiding in Nairobi and Kampala continue to face\ndifficulties in obtaining work permits and the required\nrefugee identification documents to secure employment\n. [8] These challenges stem from lengthy bureaucratic\nprocesses, which often result in a backlog of applications\nand average waiting times ranging from 9 months to\n2 years for both work permit and refugee IDs [9] . Due to\nthis delay, refugees find themselves with limited options\nand are often compelled to work illegally or solely within\nthe informal sector, where proper documentation is not\nalways required. This exposes them to exploitation,\nconflicts with the law, and various forms of abuse. During\nan interview, one refugee mentioned that the prolonged\nwait for refugee identification documents forces them to\nwork at night as a coping strategy to minimize encounters\nwith law enforcement officers.\n\n\n**Global policies**\n\n\nUnder the terms of the **1951 Refugee Convention** [10 ]\n\nto which Kenya and Uganda are signatories, the right\nto seek employment or to engage in other incomegenerating activities is guaranteed. Furthermore, the\n**2018 Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)** promotes\nself-reliance for refugees and access to decent work.\n\n\n\n[3https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/uganda#:~:text=Uganda%20is%20Africa\u2019%20s%20largest,Identity%20Management%20](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/uganda#:~:text=Uganda%20is%20Africa\u2019%20s%20largest,Identity%20Management%20System%20)\nSystem%20\n[4https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/unhcr-uganda-knowledge-brief-improving-employment-outcomes-refugees-july-2021#:~:text=Just%2029%20](https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/unhcr-uganda-knowledge-brief-improving-employment-outcomes-refugees-july-2021#:~:text=Just%2029%20percent%20of%20refugees,Ugandan%20nationals%20to%20be%20employed.)\npercent%20of%20refugees,Ugandan%20nationals%20to%20be%20employed.\n[5https://www.unhcr.org/ke/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/05/Kenya-Infographics-30-April-2022.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/ke/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/05/Kenya-Infographics-30-April-2022.pdf)\n[6https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutions](https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutions)\n[7https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm](https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm)\n[8https://wusc.ca/refugee-access-to-work-permits-and-business-licenses-in-kenya/?utm_campaign=coschedule&utm_source=twitter&utm_](https://wusc.ca/refugee-access-to-work-permits-and-business-licenses-in-kenya/?utm_campaign=coschedule&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=WorldUniService&utm_content=Refugee%20Access%20to%20Work%20Permits%20and%20Business%20Licenses%20in%20Kenya)\n[medium=WorldUniService&utm_content=Refugee%20Access%20to%20Work%20Permits%20and%20Business%20Licenses%20in%20Kenya](https://wusc.ca/refugee-access-to-work-permits-and-business-licenses-in-kenya/?utm_campaign=coschedule&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=WorldUniService&utm_content=Refugee%20Access%20to%20Work%20Permits%20and%20Business%20Licenses%20in%20Kenya)\n[9https://www.rescue.org/report/analysis-and-evaluation-refugee-related-policies-and-legislation-kenya-and-uganda](https://www.rescue.org/report/analysis-and-evaluation-refugee-related-policies-and-legislation-kenya-and-uganda)\n[10https://www.unhcr.org/us/about-unhcr/who-we-are/1951-refugee-convention](https://www.unhcr.org/us/about-unhcr/who-we-are/1951-refugee-convention)\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\nRe:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Self-reliance is defined by UNHCR as the social\nand economic ability of an individual, a household\nor a community to meet essential needs (including\nprotection, food, water, shelter, personal safety, health,\nand education) in a sustainable manner and with\ndignity. [11] Creating an enabling environment for refugees\nto become self-reliant is crucial to achieve durable\nsolutions such as local integration or voluntary return. [12]\nIt enables refugees to participate in the social and\neconomic development of their host communities and\ncontribute to rebuilding their countries should they be\nable to return.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s indicator report, [13] illustrating progress on the\nGCR, shows that while 75 percent of refugees legally\nhave full or partial access to decent work, in practice\nthis is much lower. Similarly, the 2022 Global Refugee\nWork Rights Report finds that while at least 62 percent\nof refugees live in countries where the legal framework\nfor their right to work is adequate, at least 55 percent\nof refugees live in countries that significantly restrictive\nwork rights in practice. Both these documents find\nthat the laws in Nairobi and Kampala are not widely\nimplemented in practice.\n\n\n**East African policies**\n\n\n**Under the Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods,**\n**and Self-Reliance** adopted on 28 March 2019, [14]\n\n\n\nKenya and Uganda as member states of the\nIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)\ncommitted to advance livelihood opportunities and\neconomic inclusion of refugees. It includes a commitment\nto _\u201c...develop, review, and amend national policies_\n_and legislation to expand access to labor markets by_\n_simplifying procedures for accessing employment_\n_including work permits, self-employment and business_\n_opportunities.\u201d_ [15] At a recent IGAD meeting [16] (October\n2022), recommendations were adopted by the Member\nStates to develop a mechanism that includes urban\nrefugees in social protection programs. It was also agreed\nthat member states should put emphasis on refugees\u2019\nsafe employment as captured in the 2022 IGAD action\nplan [17] . The discussion involved private sector actors\nwho are potential employers of refugees and key for the\nimplementation of the plan.\n\n**The East African Community (EAC) Member States**\nhave reviewed various laws related to work permits to\nensure free movement of labor. In accordance with\nRegulation 6(7) of the EAC Common Market (Free\nMovement of Workers), [18] the Competent Authorities\nin Partner States issue work permits to East Africans\nwishing to work there within thirty days from the date\nof application. The work permits may be issued for an\ninitial period of up to two years and may be renewed\nupon application. Refugees from EAC Member States\n(Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda)\ncan benefit from this regulation in theory. Specific\nbenefits for refugees under the common market protocol\ndepend on the policies of the individual member state\nwhich vary.\n\n\n**Kampala and Ugandan policies**\n\n\nKenya and Uganda have progressive legislations that\nideally should provide for a decent work environment.\nThese legal provisions include regulations on work and\nwages, compensation, employment security, and on work\nenvironment among others. Institutional structures are in\nplace such as the departments of labor, industrial courts,\nand labor movements to protect the rights of workers.\nThese structures are supportive in enforcing decent work\nas per ILO definition. However, refugees rarely benefit\nfrom such legal provisions and associated structures\nbecause of lack of awareness and, in some cases,\ndiscrimination based on their status. If these policies are\neffectively implemented, refugees will be granted equal\nrights and protections in the workplace, including access\nto rights at work, occupational health, safety regulations,\nand workers\u2019 compensation. These are provisions that\nare provided for by the above-mentioned labor laws in\nboth countries.\n\n\n\n[11https://www.unhcr.org/media/handbook-self-reliance-complete-publication](https://www.unhcr.org/media/handbook-self-reliance-complete-publication)\n[12https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutions#:~:text=Durable%20solutions%20for%20refugees%20are,Voluntary%20Repatriation](https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutions#:~:text=Durable%20solutions%20for%20refugees%20are,Voluntary%20Repatriation )\n[13https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report/](https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report/)\n[14https://igad.int/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-and-self-reliance/](https://igad.int/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-and-self-reliance/ )\n[15https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutionss](https://www.unhcr.org/ke/durable-solutionss)\n[16https://igad.int/igad-opened-regional-forum-on-the-kampala-declaration/](https://igad.int/igad-opened-regional-forum-on-the-kampala-declaration/)\n[17Annex-to-the-Kampala-Declaration-action-plan.pdf (igad.int)](http://Annex-to-the-Kampala-Declaration-action-plan.pdf (igad.int))\n[18https://www.eac.int/immigration/migration-and-development#:~:text=In%20accordance%20with%20Regulation%206,from%20the%20date%20](https://www.eac.int/immigration/migration-and-development#:~:text=In%20accordance%20with%20Regulation%206,from%20the%20date%20of%20application.)\nof%20application.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nRe:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Uganda, the Refugees Act of 2006 [19] provides that\n_\u201cA recognized refugee shall, subject to this Act, the OAU_\n_Convention and the Geneva Convention, receive at_\n_least the same treatment accorded to aliens generally in_\n_similar circumstances relating to the right to have access_\n_to employment opportunities and engage in gainful_\n_employment.\u201d_ (Section 29(1)(e)(vi)).\n\n\nUganda has acknowledged the importance and\nprotection of refugees through the inclusion of refugees\nin its National Development Plan III [20] as a specific\ntarget group. Uganda\u2019s 2020 Voluntary National Review\nto report on SDG progress mentions refugees need\nto be included in the development process to achieve\nthe SDGs and reports on refugee data\u2013 which is a step\nforward from their previous 2016 VNR which did not\nmention refugees as a key group to receive support. [21]\nThe Jobs and Livelihoods Integrated Response Plan\n(JLIRP) for Refugees and Host Communities 2020/212024/25 lays out a path for secure, self-reliant, and\nresilient refugee and host communities in refugeehosting districts with a goal of ensuring refugees and host\ncommunities are socially, economically, and financially\nincluded in a sustainable manner in local development.\nRefugees interviewed in Uganda stressed the need of\nimplementations of these provisions, especially in the\nurban set up.\n\n\n**In Kenya,** the new Refugee Act (2021) [22] introduces\nseveral rights to refugees and asylum seekers. These\ninclude participation in economic and social development\nonce they have received proper documentation and\npermits from the county and national government;\nthe right to engage in employment or start businesses\nor practice or trade in sectors where they hold a\nqualification that is recognized by competent authorities:\nand finally, the right to access identification and civil\nregistration documents for the purposes of accessing\nrights and services under this Act. It is encouraging that\nthere has been representation of refugee agencies in the\ndevelopment of regulations to implement this Act. Kenya\nrecently announced a new Marshall Plan [23] (renamed\nShirika Plan) that aims to transform refugee camps\n\n\n\ninto settlements integrated with the host community,\nopening more opportunities for refugees to engage in\neconomic opportunities. The expected development\nreinforces the need for more interventions on refugees\u2019\naccess to decent work opportunities as they will be\nexpected to engage in livelihoods activities as opposed\nto dependency on humanitarian aid.\n\n\n**City policies**\n\n\n**In Uganda,** Kampala authorities are mandated by\nKampala City Authority Act (2010) [24] and in Kenya,\nNairobi falls under the County Government Act (2012). [25 ]\n\nThese laws mandate the respective cities to provide safe\nworking and trading environments for residents. They are\ncharged with the responsibility of providing, regulating,\nand maintaining market spaces and artisans working\nareas. To provide these services, the authorities charge\nsome levy or local tax of varying amount depending on\nthe nature of business or the size of the stall allocated.\nUrban refugees have demonstrated their willingness to\ncontribute to the city revenue through payments of such\ncharges, hence increasing revenues.\n\n\nThe city planning policies in Kampala and Nairobi\nprovide for public participation in budgetary and\ndevelopmental decision-making processes. Refugees\nneed to participate in such discussions through\ncommunity social groupings, such as neighborhood\nassociations, welfare associations or market committees\nwho are involved in determining the allocations of\nmarket spaces in the city. These associations are a form\nof trade unions that allow its members to organize and\nengage in social dialogue - one of the pillars of the ILO\u2019s\ndecent work definition. If refugees become members of\nthese types of associations, it could help them negotiate\nand access decent work opportunities. The aspect of\norganizing in trade unions or associations is moderated\nby the City Authorities labor offices, hence their critical\nrole in this process. It\u2019s worth noting that civil society\norganizations such as Pamoja Trust in Nairobi and PLAVU\nin Kampala are piloting efforts to bring refugees into\nthese associations.\n\n\n\n[19https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b7baba52.pdf](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b7baba52.pdf)\n[20http://www.npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/NDPIII-Finale_Compressed.pdf](http://www.npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/NDPIII-Finale_Compressed.pdf)\n[21https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/4121/missingpersonreport100319.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/4121/missingpersonreport100319.pdf)\n[22http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2](http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2)\n[23https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2023/05/govt-sets-up-team-to-develop-kenyas-marshall-plan-for-refugees/](https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2023/05/govt-sets-up-team-to-develop-kenyas-marshall-plan-for-refugees/)\n[24https://www.kcca.go.ug/uploads/KCCA_ACT_2010.pdf](https://www.kcca.go.ug/uploads/KCCA_ACT_2010.pdf)\n[25http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2017-05/CountyGovernmentsAct_No17of2012_1.pdf](http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2017-05/CountyGovernmentsAct_No17of2012_1.pdf)\n\n\n5\n\n\n\nRe:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4.0 Key issues limiting access** **to decent work for refugees in** **practice**\n\nThe Re:BUiLD program has been supporting refugees\nin accessing decent work opportunities for the past two\nyears. However, based on our program experience, it has\nbecome evident that urban refugees continue to face\nsignificant challenges. To gain a deeper understanding\nof these challenges, extensive consultations were\nconducted with relevant stakeholders in Nairobi and\nKampala. Key contacts such as the ILO, UNHCR,\nMinistries of Labor, private sector associations, trade\nunions, and employers of refugees were engaged to\nshare their experiences.\n\n\n**Attitudes and perceptions** play a significant role in\nhindering the employment and career growth prospects\nof refugees. Some potential employers and host\ncommunities discriminate against refugees in the job\nmarket. For instance, during interviews, it was revealed\nthat certain private sector employers perceive refugees as\nbeneficiaries of international support who are financially\nwell off. In contrast, refugees themselves requested\nsupport in changing this perception. Furthermore, some\nprivate sector employers consider refugees as a source\nof cheap labor, which undermines their chances of\naccessing fair income as a component of decent work.\nIt is important to note, however, that not all potential\nemployers interviewed hold such attitudes. There have\nbeen cases of successful refugee employment and\npositive feedback on their productivity.\n\n\n**Limited awareness about refugees\u2019 employment**\n**opportunities** contributes to their vulnerability and\nunfair treatment by employers. **Both refugees and the**\n**private sector lack sufficient information regarding the**\n**opportunities,** the **forms of social protection available**\nsuch as health insurance, and the **processes to be**\n**followed in their employment.** This lack of awareness\nmakes refugees susceptible to exploitation, abuse,\nand unfair treatment. Additionally, without adequate\nknowledge of their rights, refugees may struggle to\nadvocate and access better working conditions or seek\nrecourse when faced with labor violations as provided for\nin the decent work definition.\n\n\n**Refugees face challenges in getting their certificates**\n**and skills recognized by host country authorities.**\nThe process is often lengthy and costly in both Kenya\nand Uganda as explained in Re:BUiLD\u2019s recent Skills\n\n\n\nCertification report. [26] In Kampala, the process requires\nconsultations with the host country\u2019s diplomatic missions,\nwhich may be difficult for political refugees who wish to\navoid contact with authorities from their country of origin.\nMoreover, the cost of certificate accreditations and\nskills certification in both Uganda and Kenya is beyond\nthe reach of ordinary refugees (between $80 and $480\non average). These challenges force refugees to seek\ninformal opportunities that do not require certifications\nand in many cases are not properly protected by ILOs\ndefinition of decent work. There were however a few\ncases of refugees with adequate documentation enjoying\ndecent work opportunities in formal sector in both cities.\n\n\n**Limited representation and networking opportunities**\n**for refugees pose additional barriers.** The majority\nof refugees are unable to become members of trade\nunions or business associations due to the requirement\nof national identity documents, rather than refugee IDs,\nfor membership enrollment. The Re:BUiLD program is\ncurrently engaging with trade unions in Kampala and\nNairobi through its local partners to support the inclusion\nof refugees as members using their refugee IDs. Efforts\nshould be made to recognize refugee IDs as valid\nmeans for membership. If opportunities are provided for\nrefugee membership in these unions and associations,\nthe burden to advocate on their behalf will have moved\nto the trade unions. They will also benefit from collective\nbargaining as opposed to being separated from the\nmainstream labor discussions.\n\n\n**Refugees often lack social networks and connections**\n**that could assist them in finding employment.** They\nhave limited access to job search resources, such as online\nplatforms, professional networks, or vocational training\nprograms. Due to limited online access and awareness\nof such opportunities, they face difficulties in securing\ndecent work. The absence of reliable information and\nsupport systems further hampers their efforts.\n\n\n**Language and cultural barriers also present challenges**\n**for urban refugees in accessing decent work**\n**opportunities.** Limited language skills restrict their ability\nto communicate effectively, hindering their chances\nof finding suitable employment. Additionally, cultural\ndifferences may affect their understanding of local work\npractices and norms. Labor officers in Kampala have\nnoted that refugees face difficulties in presenting their\nissues and seeking support due to language barriers.\nThis issue was evident among Congolese, Eritrean, and\nSomali refugees who were unable to communicate in\nEnglish.\n\n\n\n[26https://rebuild.rescue.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/ReBUiLD%20Skills%20Certification%20Brief%20v2.pdf](https://rebuild.rescue.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/ReBUiLD%20Skills%20Certification%20Brief%20v2.pdf)\n\n\n6 Re:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While some refugee agencies provide language classes\nas part of their interventions, these efforts have yet to\nreach many urban refugees in Kampala and Nairobi.\n\n\nSome urban refugees **lack the necessary skills and**\n**training required for certain jobs in the host country.**\nLimited access to education and vocational training\nopportunities before and during displacement leaves\nthem without the skills and qualifications needed to\ncompete in the job market. Refugee agencies that offer\nskilling opportunities are unable to meet the demand\nfrom urban refugees. This has been demonstrated by\nthe experiences of the Re:BUiLD program, where not\nall refugees requiring skilling can be enrolled. Without\nadequate skills required in the labor market, urban\nrefugees will continue to face difficulties in accessing\ndecent work opportunities as ILO labor requirements\nare mostly implemented in the formal sector where\nconsiderable skills are required.\n\nFinally, refugees themselves may lack the motivation\nto seek decent work due to their **overreliance on**\n**humanitarian support** which may not be forthcoming.\nTheir **aspirations for resettlement** in a third country was\nalso found to be part of the issues contributing to their\nlack of self-drive in pursuing local opportunities. From\nour observation, criteria for resettlement, which include\nvulnerability [27], negatively impacts self-reliance, as some\nrefugees ignore self-reliance initiatives to qualify based\non their vulnerability score. Refugee leaders interviewed\nsuggested that there is a need to enhance attitudinal\nchange and provide sufficient information to refugees\nbefore providing them with skills or linking them with\nself-reliance activities.\n#### **5.0 Recommendations**\n\nGainful and decent employment should be seen as a\nleverage for building resilience of refugees, conveying\nthem out of poverty, and ensuring that they do not\nbecome a social and economic strain on an economy\nthat is recovering from the impact of COVID-19 and\nthe current global economic crisis. Instead, evidence\nshows that refugees can contribute to economic\nproductivity in host economies and drive innovation,\nenterprise, trade and investment. The IRC found that\nclosing pay and employment gaps for refugee men\nand women in six high refugee hosting countries could\nboost GDP by $53 billion. [28] Encouraging decent\nwork for refugeesThis is a collective responsibility that\ncalls on the actors below to implement the following\nrecommendations.\n\n\n\n**4.1 Uganda and Kenya Government and city**\n**authorities**\n\n\nBoth Kenya and Uganda continue to put efforts\nin enhancing refugee policies but there is need to\nstrengthen the operationalization of the existing\nstructures and policies.\n\n\n1. Streamline and speed up processes and systems\nto provide work permits and refugee IDs to reduce\nbureaucratic barriers and backlogs in government\noffices, including dedicated feedback channels\nfor communicating application status.\n2. Implement and strengthen policies that grant\nrefugees equal rights and protections in the\nworkplace, including access to minimum wage\nlaws, occupational health and safety regulations,\nand workers\u2019 compensation.\n3. Streamline processes and reduce costs for\nthe recognition and accreditation of refugees\u2019\nskills, prior learning, and foreign qualifications,\nensuring they are recognized and accepted in\nthe host country\u2019s job market.\n4. Strengthen partnerships between refugee\nserving agencies, NGOs, educational institutions,\nand private sector companies to develop tailored\ntraining programs that address industry needs\nand provide practical skills.\n5. Support refugee businesses by ensuring that\nmarket stall spaces allocations are inclusive\nand business support services offered by city\nauthorities to their residents include refugees.\n\n\n**4.2 UNHCR, NGOs and other refugee serving**\n**agencies**\n\n\n1. Conduct comprehensive awareness campaigns\nto educate employers, employees, and the\npublic on the rights, contributions, and potential\npositive contributions that refugees can make in\nthe workforce.\n2. Provide information and training to refugees\nthemselves, that enhances their understanding on\ntheir rights, available employment opportunities,\nand the importance of self-reliance.\n3. Facilitate the establishment of networking\nplatforms and mentorship programs that connect\nrefugees with employers, industry professionals,\nand potential business partners.\n4. Encourage the formation of refugee-led\nassociations and support their engagement\nwith trade unions and business organizations,\nenabling collective representation and advocacy\nfor refugees\u2019 employment rights.\n\n\n\n[27https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4ac0d7e52.pdf](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4ac0d7e52.pdf)\n[28https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/3987/reportrescueworksunlockingrefugeewomenspotential.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/3987/reportrescueworksunlockingrefugeewomenspotential.pdf)\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n\nRe:Build \u2013 Boosting Livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.3 Private sector**\n\n\n1. Offer equitable, safe and decent work\nopportunities for refugees alongside host\ncommunity members.\n2. Support refugees\u2019 work permit application\nprocesses and be flexible with refugee applicants\nso they do not miss out on opportunities.\n3. Strengthen sharing of information and best\npractices on refugee employment with peers,\nand ensuring coordination with agencies serving\nrefugee interests.\n4. Offer on job training and apprenticeship\nopportunities to refugees and vulnerable host\ncommunity members while supporting them to\njoin associations and trade unions.\n\n\n**In partnership with:**\n\n\n**the IKEA Foundation**\n\n\n\n**4.4 Bilateral and multilateral donors**\n\n\n1. Provide technical support to refugee hosting\ngovernments and cities with large urban refugee\npopulations, recognizing the distinct challenges\nfaced by urban refugees, to improve national\nlaws and policies as well as their implementation.\n2. Incentivize law and policy shifts to enhance\ndecent work for urban refugees through targeted\nfunding and advocacy.\n\n\n**[www.rebuild.rescue.org](http://www.rebuild.rescue.org)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bf7dccf8-82ee-5798-bca6-f82012f549ba/Decent%20Work%20Policy%20Brief_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_322/raw/doc_322_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_322/raw/doc_322_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6911acb1dde664ea754765e594e822c8e60442e4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_322/raw/doc_322_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ebe37b-09b5-41b7-90d8-e69f2e213dd2/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ebe37b-09b5-41b7-90d8-e69f2e213dd2/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ebe37b-09b5-41b7-90d8-e69f2e213dd2/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ebe37b-09b5-41b7-90d8-e69f2e213dd2/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ebe37b-09b5-41b7-90d8-e69f2e213dd2/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_323/raw/doc_323_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_323/raw/doc_323_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6ad454d0a6d1f0ad45e4924c6a14b143d9fbe20d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_323/raw/doc_323_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **MOLDOVA** **DIZABILITATE** **NOT\u0102 INFORMATIV\u0102**\n##### Grupul operativ pentru Dizabilitate \u0219i V\u00e2rst\u0103 Forumul de coordonare a refugia\u021bilor \u00een Moldova\n## **CONTEXT**\n\n\n### **MARTIE 2025**\n\n\n\nAu trecut trei ani de la invazia la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a Ucrainei de c\u0103tre Rusia \u00een februarie 2022, for\u021b\u00e2nd\nmilioane de ucraineni s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 casele. Moldova, o \u021bar\u0103 cu o popula\u021bie de 2,4 milioane\nde persoane, a g\u0103zduit cel mai mare num\u0103r de refugia\u021bi pe cap de locuitor. **\u00cen martie 2025**,\naproximativ **127,000 de refugia\u021bi** din Ucraina **se aflau \u00een Moldova**, dintre care aproximativ 76\n000 au primit azil, protec\u021bie temporar\u0103 sau statut de rezident.\n\nConform sondajului **Socio-Economic Insights Survey** (SEIS) realizat de ini\u021biativa IMPACT \u00een\n2024, **10 % sunt refugia\u021bi cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi** ; \u00een plus, Oficiul \u00cenaltului Comisar pentru Drepturile\nOmului ( **OHCHR** ) a realizat interviuri **de monitorizare a protec\u021biei** cu 1,367 de refugia\u021bi ucraineni\n\u00een Moldova, dintre care **12 % erau persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi** identificate prin intermediul Grupului\nde \u00eentreb\u0103ri de la Washington. Acest subgrup de refugia\u021bi se confrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103ri majore \u00een\nceea ce prive\u0219te accesul la servicii, angajarea \u00een c\u00e2mpul muncii \u0219i men\u021binerea bun\u0103st\u0103rii lor.\nMajoritatea refugia\u021bilor intervieva\u021bi de OHCHR (79%) au fost femei, iar o parte semnificativ\u0103 au\nfost adul\u021bi \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, cu o proportie de 30% a persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 60-69 de ani \u0219i 24% \u00een\nv\u00e2rst\u0103 de 70-79 de ani. Cele mai multe dificult\u0103\u021bi raportate au fost legate de vedere (46%) \u0219i\nmobilitate (43%), \u00een timp ce 20% au prezentat deficien\u021be cognitive. Problemele de s\u0103n\u0103tate\nmintal\u0103 au fost predominante, peste 60 % dintre ace\u0219tia raport\u00e2nd anxietate \u0219i depresie, iar\nmai mult de jum\u0103tate se confrunt\u0103 cu afec\u021biuni medicale grave netratate din cauza barierelor\nde acces la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103.\n\n\u00cen plus, **monitorizarea re\u021belelor sociale** de c\u0103tre Unitatea de informa\u021bii din cadrul **AO Laolalt\u0103**\nau elucidat preocup\u0103rile refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, reflect\u00e2nd lupta cu incluziunea,\naccesibilitatea \u0219i securitatea financiar\u0103. Un refugiat a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it: \"Am ajuns singur \u00een Moldova,\ndeoarece familia mea a r\u0103mas \u00een Ucraina. Personalul de la asocia\u021bia \u201cMotiva\u021bie\u201d (un membru\nDATF) m-a sprijinit emo\u021bional \u0219i m-a ajutat s\u0103 urmez cursuri online pentru a-mi g\u0103si un loc de\nmunc\u0103\". Un alt refugiat \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 a eviden\u021biat preocup\u0103rile legate de accesibilitate: \"Este dificil\ns\u0103 te deplasezi; str\u0103zile \u0219i transportul public nu sunt concepute pentru oameni ca mine\". Aceste\nrelat\u0103ri subliniaz\u0103 necesitatea unor interven\u021bii specifice pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea accesului la\nservicii, informa\u021bii \u0219i participare social\u0103 pentru persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi.\n\nAceast\u0103 not\u0103 informativ\u0103 prezint\u0103 situa\u021bia refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi din Moldova, subliniind\nlacunele existente, recomand\u0103rile de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire \u0219i rezultatele-cheie ob\u021binute de Grupul de\nlucru pentru Dizabilitate \u0219i V\u00e2rsta \u00een 2024. Deplasarea for\u021bat\u0103 poate crea sau exacerba\ndizabilit\u0103\u021bile, plas\u00e2nd persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi printre grupurile cele mai expuse la risc \u0219i\nafectate \u00een mod dispropor\u021bionat \u00een aceste contexte.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.9624422192573547, - "start": 156, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8148531913757324, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7734571099281311, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MOLDOVA", - "confidence": 0.772533655166626, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6796408295631409, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9037963151931763, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugia\u021bi", - "confidence": 0.7929862141609192, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Grupului\nde \u00eentreb\u0103ri de la Washington", - "confidence": 0.7406966686248779, - "start": 234, - "end": 240 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Moldova", - "confidence": 0.7726609110832214, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugia\u021bi ucraineni", - "confidence": 0.8038275241851807, - "start": 214, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8add26e-0392-4400-ae02-b40481dd6a77/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRO%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **REZULTATE CHEIE 2024**\n#### **INTEGRAREA**\n\nPentru a asigura incluziunea efectiv\u0103 a refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een r\u0103spunsul umanitar, Grupul\noperativ pentru dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i v\u00e2rst\u0103 a pus \u00een aplicare o serie **de activit\u0103\u021bi de integrare** menite\ns\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 accesul la serviciile esen\u021biale, protec\u021bia \u0219i participarea social\u0103:\n\n**Consolidarea capacit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i dezagregarea datelor:** s-au desf\u0103\u0219urat cursuri de formare \u0219i\ns-a colaborat cu partenerii din domeniul gestion\u0103rii informa\u021biilor pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi\ncolectarea datelor privind v\u00e2rsta, sexul \u0219i dizabilitatea.\n\n**Comunicare accesibil\u0103:** a contribuit la revizuirea materialelor privind protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva\nexploat\u0103rii \u0219i abuzului sexual (PSEA) \u0219i la dezvoltarea unor instrumente de comunicare\naccesibile pentru refugia\u021bi.\n\n**Planificarea incluziv\u0103 a ad\u0103posturilor:** a sprijinit Grupul de lucru pentru nevoi de baz\u0103\npentru a se asigura c\u0103 accesibilitatea a fost luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te\n\u00eenchiderea centrelor de cazare a refugia\u021bilor (RAC) \u0219i relocarea reziden\u021bilor \u00een alte centre.\n**Formare \u0219i sensibilizare:** instruirea a 350 de actori umanitari cu privire la ac\u021biunile\numanitare \u0219i colectarea de date care include dizabilitatea.\n\n**Asisten\u021b\u0103 financiar\u0103:** Asigurarea accesului la asisten\u021b\u0103 financiar\u0103 pentru aprox. 4700 de\nrefugia\u021bi cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, dintre care 722 erau copii \u0219i 1116 erau persoane \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.\n\n#### **INTERVEN\u021aIE SPECIFIC\u0102**\n\n\u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de eforturile de integrare, au fost puse \u00een aplicare **interven\u021bii specifice** pentru a\nr\u0103spunde nevoilor critice ale refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, care au ajuns la peste 4,000 de\npersoane:\n\n**Asisten\u021b\u0103 individualizat\u0103 \u0219i gestionare de caz:** furnizate dispozitive medicale \u0219i de\nasisten\u021b\u0103, medicamente, transport adaptat, consiliere juridic\u0103 \u0219i psihologic\u0103 \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi\nrecreative pentru copii la aproximativ 3 000 de refugia\u021bi, dintre care 500 refugia\u021bi pe malul\nst\u00e2ng al r\u00e2ului Nistru.\n\n**Servicii mobile de asisten\u021b\u0103:** Vizite la domiciliu, medicamente, \u00eenregistrarea ajutoarelor\nfinanciare, sprijin psihologic \u0219i pedagogic, reabilitare, ajutoare pentru mobilitate, asisten\u021b\u0103\npentru vedere \u0219i auz \u0219i produse de igien\u0103.\n\n**Informa\u021bii accesibile \u0219i servicii linie fierbinte:** 400 de refugia\u021bi au primit informa\u021bii \u0219i\nreferire prin intermediul serviciului de asisten\u021b\u0103 telefonic\u0103 gratuit\u0103 pentru persoane cu\ndizabilit\u0103\u021bi gestionat de Keystone Moldova.\n\n**Reabilitare pentru copii:** s-au asigurat servicii de reabilitare pentru copiii cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi\nintelectuale \u0219i s-au organizat ateliere legate de autism pentru p\u0103rin\u021bi.\n\n**Servicii oftalmologice \u0219i de reabilitare:** Peste 500 de refugia\u021bi au beneficiat de examin\u0103ri\noftalmologice, ochelari, reabilitare, terapie ocupa\u021bional\u0103, tehnologii adaptive, instruirea\n\u00eengrijitorilor \u0219i monitorizarea cazurilor pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8add26e-0392-4400-ae02-b40481dd6a77/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRO%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Accesul la informa\u021bii:** Multe persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi se confrunt\u0103 cu accesul la\ninforma\u021bii esen\u021biale despre servicii \u0219i drepturi din cauza lipsei unor metode de\ncomunicare adaptate persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, cum ar fi braille, interpretarea\nlimbajului semnelor \u0219i versiuni u\u0219or de citit.\n\n\n**Bariere \u00een domeniul asisten\u021bei medicale:** Refugia\u021bii cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi se confrunt\u0103 cu\ncosturi ridicate (\u00een special pentru serviciile medicale care nu sunt incluse \u00een pachetul de\nasisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 pus la dispozi\u021bia beneficiarilor de protec\u021bie temporar\u0103 \u0219i cu\nincapacitatea acestora de a achizi\u021biona o asigurare obligatorie de asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103\n(AOAM), cu probleme de accesibilitate \u0219i cu refuzul \u00eengrijirii de c\u0103tre furnizorii de servicii\ncare nu \u00ee\u0219i cunosc drepturile legate de statutul lor legal.\n\n\n**Lipsa dispozitivelor asistive \u0219i reabilitare:** Un deficit de programe de reabilitare \u0219i a\nsprijinului de terapie ocupa\u021bional\u0103, inclusiv accesul la dispozitive asistive, afecteaz\u0103\nrecuperarea \u0219i independen\u021ba pe termen lung a refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi.\n\n\n**Provoc\u0103ri legate de locuin\u021be:** \u00cenchiderea centrelor de cazare pentru refugia\u021bi (RAC) a\navut un impact dispropor\u021bionat asupra refugia\u021bilor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi care au nevoie de\nlocuin\u021be accesibile \u0219i de proximitatea serviciilor esen\u021biale. Mul\u021bi dintre ace\u0219tia nu sunt\neligibili pentru asisten\u021b\u0103 la \u00eenchiriere din cauza incapacit\u0103\u021bii lor de a munci.\n\n\n**Dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare \u0219i de angajare:** Mul\u021bi refugia\u021bi cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi se bazeaz\u0103 pe ajutor\nextern, deoarece oportunit\u0103\u021bile de angajare sunt rare din cauza limit\u0103rilor fizice,\ndiscrimin\u0103rii \u0219i barierelor lingvistice. Prin urmare, diminuarea fondurilor umanitare\nafecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod deosebit acest grup de refugia\u021bi.\n\n\n**Excluziune social\u0103 \u0219i accesibilitate limitat\u0103:** Spa\u021biile publice, transportul \u0219i participarea\ncomunitar\u0103 inadecvate sporesc izolarea.\n\n\n**Lacune \u00een colectarea datelor:** Lipsa datelor dezagregate are un impact negativ asupra\ncapacit\u0103\u021bii de a sprijini \u0219i de a dezvolta politici adaptate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8add26e-0392-4400-ae02-b40481dd6a77/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRO%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Violen\u021ba \u00een baz\u0103 de gen (VBG):** Femeile cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi sunt expuse unui risc crescut de\nVBG din cauza dependen\u021bei fizice de poten\u021bialii agresori, a izol\u0103rii \u0219i a barierelor \u00een calea\nraport\u0103rii abuzurilor, cu acces limitat la servicii specializate de protec\u021bie.\n\n\n**Educa\u021bie:** Copiii cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi se confrunt\u0103 cu excluderea din educa\u021bie din cauza\ninfrastructurii inaccesibile, a lipsei de personal calificat \u0219i a sprijinului individualizat\ninsuficient.\n\n\n**Izolarea social\u0103:** Refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi se confrunt\u0103 cu izolarea social\u0103 \u0219i\naccesul limitat la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103, sprijin pentru mobilitate \u0219i servicii adaptate\npersoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, ceea ce le \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 ob\u021binerea de asisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i are un\nimpact negativ asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii lor mintale.\n\n## **RECOMAND\u0102RI**\n###### **PENTRU GUVERNUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA**\n\n\n\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea instrumentelor de **comunicare accesibile** pentru a se asigura c\u0103 refugia\u021bii\ncu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i \u00een\u021beleg drepturile \u0219i serviciile disponibile.\n\nElaborarea de **programe de ocupare a for\u021bei de munc\u0103 adaptate**, care s\u0103 abordeze\nprovoc\u0103rile specifice cu care se confrunt\u0103 refugia\u021bii cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, inclusiv formarea\nprofesional\u0103 \u0219i adaptarea locului de munc\u0103.\n\nExtinderea accesului persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi la **servicii de s\u0103n\u0103tate**, **asigur\u0103ri de**\n**s\u0103n\u0103tate** \u0219i programe **guvernamentale de asisten\u021b\u0103 social\u0103**, cu sprijin interna\u021bional, dup\u0103\ncaz.\n\nConsolidarea colect\u0103rii \u0219i **analizei datelor oficiale pentru a asigura includerea persoanelor**\n**cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi** \u00een programele guvernamentale \u0219i umanitare, \u00een special \u00een strategiile\nna\u021bionale de incluziune extern\u0103.\n\nS\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een aplicare solu\u021bii pentru sprijinirea \u0219i adaptarea refugia\u021bilor ucraineni cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi,\ninclusiv **asisten\u021bi personali** \u0219i acces la **servicii dedicate persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi** .\n\n###### **PENTRU COMUNITATEA UMANITAR\u0102**\n\n\nConsolidarea **colect\u0103rii \u0219i analizei datelor** pentru a sprijini mai bine persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i\npersoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi.\n\nExtinderea accesului la **serviciile de s\u0103n\u0103tate mintal\u0103**, cu un accent deosebit pe\npersoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi mintale grave, care sunt afectate \u00een mod dispropor\u021bionat de\nabsen\u021ba unor astfel de servicii.\n\nLuarea \u00een considerare **necesit\u0103\u021bii supliment\u0103rii ajutorului** \u00een numerar pentru a acoperi\ncosturile legate de dizabilitate pentru refugia\u021bi.\n\n**Sprijinirea organiza\u021biilor locale \u0219i interna\u021bionale** pentru a asigura continuarea furniz\u0103rii de\nservicii \u0219i a ac\u021biunilor de advocacy.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8add26e-0392-4400-ae02-b40481dd6a77/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRO%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **POVE\u0218TI DE LA REFUGIA\u021aI**\n\n_\u201cNu ezita\u021bi s\u0103 cere\u021bi ajutor. Accepta\u021bi sprijinul \u0219i dezvolta\u021bi realiz\u0103rile copiilor\u201d_\n_Mama lui Yevhen_\n\n\nDatorit\u0103 sprijinului oferit de Keystone Moldova, Miriam \u0219i Yevhen, ambii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 7 ani, au\n\nrealizat progrese semnificative \u00een dep\u0103\u0219irea provoc\u0103rilor asociate cu autismul sever.\n\n\nInterven\u021biile terapeutice \u0219i suportul acordat au avut un impact\n\nsemnificativ.\n\n\nYevhen, este un b\u0103iat ucrainean care a ajuns \u00een Moldova \u00een\n\n2022. Familia sa s-a confruntat cu dificult\u0103\u021bi considerabile \u00een\n\naccesarea serviciilor medicale \u0219i a terapiilor necesare, \u00eens\u0103 din\n\n2023, Keystone Moldova le-a oferit suport continuu sub forma\n\nde medicamente, iar \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu februarie 2025, Yevhen\n\nbeneficiaz\u0103 de un curs de reabilitare cu durata de o luna sub\n\nforma de \u0219edin\u021be de terapie senzorial\u0103. Aceste eforturi l-au\n\najutat pe Yevhen s\u0103 manifeste o reactivitate mai bun\u0103 la\n\nmediu \u0219i s\u0103 faciliteze interac\u021biunea social\u0103. De asemenea, el a\n\n\u00eenv\u0103\u021bat noi modalit\u0103\u021bi de exprimare a emo\u021biilor \u0219i a nevoilor\n\nsale utiliz\u00e2nd gesturi.\n\n\nMiriam, originar\u0103 din Moldova, de la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103 a fost\n\ncrescut\u0103 doar de bunica sa. Cu suportul Keystone Moldova,\n\nMiriam a putut urma timp de o luna cursul de terapie senzorial\u0103,\n\ncare este foarte costisitor. Ini\u021bial incapabil\u0103 s\u0103 comunice, Miriam\n\na progresat p\u00e2n\u0103 la utilizarea cuvintelor \u0219i frazelor scurte pentru\n\na se exprima. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea abilit\u0103\u021bilor emo\u021bionale a facilitat\n\ngestionarea interac\u021biunilor zilnice. De\u0219i socializarea r\u0103m\u00e2ne o\n\nprovocare pentru Miriam, terapia continu\u0103 a ajutat-o s\u0103\n\ninterac\u021bioneze mai u\u0219or cu cei din jur, sporindu-i \u00eencrederea \u00een\n\npreg\u0103tirea pentru \u0219coal\u0103. Sesiunile de terapie de grup au avut un\n\nrol crucial \u00een adaptarea sa la noile medii sociale, instruind-o \u00een\n\ndeprinderile necesare interac\u021biunii cu colegii \u0219i adul\u021bii.\n\n\n**CONTACTE**\n\n**Co-lideri ai grupului operativ**\n\n**Ludmila Malcoci,** [director executiv, Keystone Moldova, lmalcoci@khs.org](mailto:lmalcoci@khs.org)\n\n**Alberto Tonon,** [specialist \u00een incluziunea persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, UNHCR, Tonon@unhcr.org](mailto:Tonon@unhcr.org)\n\n**Daniele Pedretti,** [specialist \u00een incluziunea v\u00e2rstei, HelpAge, Daniele.Pedretti@helpage.org](mailto:Daniele.Pedretti@helpage.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c8add26e-0392-4400-ae02-b40481dd6a77/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRO%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_324/raw/doc_324_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_324/raw/doc_324_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e69142a8b8c175df082ce361b96ac32ac9b493e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_324/raw/doc_324_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d85690a-a023-420b-b3b6-949b948eb6f7/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRU%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d85690a-a023-420b-b3b6-949b948eb6f7/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRU%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d85690a-a023-420b-b3b6-949b948eb6f7/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRU%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d85690a-a023-420b-b3b6-949b948eb6f7/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRU%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d85690a-a023-420b-b3b6-949b948eb6f7/Disability%20and%20Age%20Task%20Force%20-%20Refugee%20Coordination%20Forum%20Moldova%20-%20Disability%20Briefing%20Note%20%28March%202025%29%20%5BRU%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_325/raw/doc_325_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_325/raw/doc_325_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 46606958d4daa39277d571c030d11f97fbfb1693..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_325/raw/doc_325_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2020)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||**12**
**13**
**3\u00a02**
**30**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, the [2018\u20132022 National Social Protection Policy continues to provide for social](https://sociales.gouv.dj/uploads/Categorie/9b486a2fb64f519b7cbf155e82bf1c67.pdf)\nsafety nets for all Djiboutian nationals implemented by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS).\nThe social registry continues to be governed by 2017-311/PR/SEAS for the establishment, organisation and\nfunctioning of the social registry, which provides access to a poverty-targeted social assistance programme:\nthe [National Family Solidarity Program (PSNF).](https://socialprotection.org/discover/programmes/programme-national-de-solidarit%C3%A9-famille-pnsf%E2%80%94national-programme-family)\n\n\nOther key national social assistance programmes that are implemented include the Social and Solidarity\nEconomy programmes (economic inclusion and social cohesion), education support for children with\ndisabilities (including income generating assistance support for mothers), and subsidised access to the\nnational health insurance scheme for the poorest people (Social Health Assistance Programme and the\nsocial assistance programme for poor older persons).\n\n\nSupporting stability and resilience in Djibouti\u2019s refugee-hosting areas is vital. Collaborative efforts a mong\ngovernment stakeholders and partners over the past three years encompassed providing basic services,\neducation, healthcare and livelihoods to refugees and locals. Funded by the World Bank under IDA17,\n18, and 19, the ARULOS Project has improved Holl Holl and Ali Addeh villages, home to 79.3 per cent of\nrefugees with provision of clean water, electrification, roads, livelihoods and housing.\n\n\nOther projects in refugee-hosting communities, led by ADDS (Agence Djiboutienne de D\u00e9veloppement\nSocial), IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development), NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council) and DRC\n(Danish Refugee Council) partners, focus on entrepreneurship, community development and community\nmarkets. They aim to enhance living conditions and access to social services for refugees and\nhost communities. Additionally, the [Djibouti ICI development plan (ICI - Inclusion-Connectivity-](https://economie.gouv.dj/wp-content/uploads/National-Development-Plan-English-version.pdf)\nInstitutions) launched in February 2022, seeks to expedite development in inland regions, including\nrefugee-hosting areas with a focus on microfinance and unconventional financing.\n\n\nDuring the IX Legislature of March 2023, the Prime Minister announced plans to boost development in\ninland regions. This includes tapping into underground resources in the Ali Sabieh Region, partnering with\nHong Kong Aerospace Technology for a space base and promoting hotels in the Obock region.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\n[During the period under review, Article 1 of the Constitution and Article 14 (1) of the Refugee Law continue](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en)\nto provide the legal basis for non-discrimination and equality before the law without distinction based on\nlanguage, origin, race, sex or religion, and non-discrimination against refugees. In practice, refugees and\nthe host population maintain positive interactions regardless of their different countries of origin. The two\ncommunities thus continue to share sociocultural and linguistic ties that connect them in one way or another.\nBoth communities have continued to live under the same administrative local authorities (Prefet and sousPrefet), which allows a peaceful resolution of conflicts.\n\n\n[ONARS (Office National d\u2019Assistance aux R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et Sinistr\u00e9s) with the support of UNHCR has continued to](https://www.onarsdjibouti.org/)\nfoster social cohesion programmes in refugee hosting areas. Ways of reinforcing peaceful coexistence have\ncontinued to include specific quotas for nationals and refugees in subsidized / funded vocational training\nopportunities, regional business fairs or joint sports tournaments. Similar efforts have been made to ensure\nthat each refugee nationality group has its own subcommittee with age, gender, and diversity perspectives.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nEnvironmental management in refugee-hosting areas continues to be governed by national laws. This\nincludes: the [Law No. 51/AN/09/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vertic.org%2Fmedia%2FNational%2520Legislation%2FDjibouti%2FDJ_Code_Environnement.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cmorelh%40unhcr.org%7C284177714ed1414180ce08dc01819c33%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386905599844527%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=YtohijWbOr0cGhr2JcyL7NoDyVWkU99fwilDLSvQ%2BNg%3D&reserved=0) ~~6~~ [\u00e8me] L, promulgated on 1 July 2009, which establishes the objectives of\nthe national policy for environmental protection and management against all forms of degradation or\ndeterioration of environmental resources with a view to ensuring sustainable development, the [Law No. 45/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fleap.unep.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fdj%2Fnational-legislation%2Floi-n-45an045-me-l-portant-cr-ation-des-aires-prot-g-es&data=05%7C02%7Cmorelh%40unhcr.org%7C284177714ed1414180ce08dc01819c33%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386905599844527%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=DLFtR%2FxDPFMJAFVfSlAEXC%2BKlhcLn0CbqWVxJWFsKUU%3D&reserved=0)\n[AN/04/](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fleap.unep.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fdj%2Fnational-legislation%2Floi-n-45an045-me-l-portant-cr-ation-des-aires-prot-g-es&data=05%7C02%7Cmorelh%40unhcr.org%7C284177714ed1414180ce08dc01819c33%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386905599844527%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=DLFtR%2FxDPFMJAFVfSlAEXC%2BKlhcLn0CbqWVxJWFsKUU%3D&reserved=0) ~~5~~ [th] [L relating to Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas, and the Decree No. 2011-029/PR/MHUEAT](https://leap.unep.org/en/countries/dj/national-legislation/d-cret-n-2011-029prmhueat-portant-r-vision-de-la-proc-dure-d-tude)\nproviding for environmental impact studies for any project likely to harm the environment.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Agriculture through its Direction of Rural Hydraulics continues to ensure the management of\nhygiene, water and sanitation in the refugee sites and host areas. The Ministry of Environment continues to\nprovide on a regular basis prosopis as firewood for domestic cooking energy in the two refugee sites in the\nAli Sabieh region.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2017, the Asylum Procedure Decree 2017, the Fundamental Rights of Refugees Decree](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[2017](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_2017_410_PR_MI.pdf) and the [CRRF Action Plan 2017-2022](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/Djibouti Plan d%E2%80%99Action National CRRF %282017%29.pdf) continue to provide elements for a national preparedness\nframework, including an institutional coordination mechanism. Together they could also be used to respond\nto eventual increases and/or new influxes of refugees, aiming to minimize socio-economic impacts in the\nshort and medium term.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nDuring the reviewed period, Djibouti\u2019s national legal framework for refugee and asylum-seeker protection\n[remained anchored in the 2017 Refugee Law, the 2017 Decree on Asylum Procedure and the 2017 Decree](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[on Refugee Fundamental Rights. The 2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan, serving as the national refugee policy](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_2017_410_PR_MI.pdf)\nframework, remains in place, but authorities are planning to develop a new CRFF action plan due to its lapse.\nNotably, the Refugee Law and the two related Decrees have yet to be translated into relevant local languages\nor languages spoken by refugees. However, border and immigration authorities have demonstrated an\nenhanced understanding of non-refoulement principles and ONARS\u2019s role, partially due to sensitization\nefforts by ONARS, in collaboration with Immigration Services.\n\n\nOver the past three years, UNHCR and ONARS conducted 42 sensitization sessions on refugee rights,\ninvolving refugees, host communities, local administrative authorities, and security agents in two regions\nhosting refugees. These capacity-building efforts aimed to raise awareness and enhance understanding of\nrefugee and asylum-seekers\u2019 rights within the national system.\n\n\nDjibouti\u2019s asylum system, as governed by the [2017 Refugee Law and the](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) [2017 Decree on Asylum Procedure,](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_2017_409_PR_MI.pdf)\nmandates individual refugee status determination (RSD) procedures for asylum-seekers unless they belong\nto groups or countries approved for prima facie refugee recognition. ONARS plays a pivotal role as the\nSecretariat, overseeing asylum-seeker registration, eligibility interviews and RSD assessments. The National\nEligibility Commission (NEC) makes decisions on refugee status based on RSD files prepared by ONARS.\nHowever, information about these procedures remains inaccessible in languages understood by all asylumseekers, leading to awareness gaps. While legal counsel is allowed by law, no asylum-seekers have utilized\nthis right thus far. The appeal procedure, initiated in 2022, is not yet fully operational.\n\n\nDuring the review period, people arriving from South Central Somalia and Yemen continued to be granted\nrefugee status through a prima facie approach, despite the absence of a formal declaration by the\ngovernment. Asylum applicants from other countries of origin went through individualized RSD procedures\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nconducted by ONARS and finally adjudicated by the NEC. In 2022, UNHCR facilitated a governmentled assessment of asylum procedures, resulting in the development of a workplan for asylum capacity\ndevelopment interventions known as the \u2018Djibouti national asylum strategy\u2019 to address identified gaps.\n\n\nBetween 2022 and 2023, there was an increase in the number of adjudication sessions held by the National\nEligibility Committee, which contributed to a slight reduction in the backlog of asylum applications (11,197 to\n9,201). However, this reduction was primarily due to the assumption of asylum applicants\u2019 withdrawals made\nby ONARS, based on the non-appearance of applicants during the verification exercise from October to\nDecember 2022, a process often referred to as \u2018deactivation\u2019. Therefore, additional efforts remain needed\nto reduce processing delays, enhance fairness and consistency in decision-making, and ensure equal\naccessibility to the national asylum procedure for all asylum-seekers.\n\n\nDelays in UNHCR recruitment procedures have hindered the organization\u2019s ability to provide on-the-job\ncoaching and training to the ONARS eligibility team. As a result, gaps have persisted, including deficiencies\nin the quality of RSD interviews, limited utilization of up-to-date country of origin information for RSD analysis,\nand flawed credibility assessments. Collecting necessary data during the registration phase would facilitate\nthe effective use of various case processing modalities.\n\n\nOver the past three years, UNHCR has continued to fund registration and RSD-related activities,\nincluding most eligibility officer positions at ONARS. However, these positions are not integrated into the\ngovernment\u2019s planning, budgeting, and human resource systems, posing risks to their sustainability.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe policy framework in Djibouti remained unchanged and there were no observed trends in terminating\nrefugee status unlawfully.\n\n\nThe [2017 Refugee Law continues to align with international non-refoulement standards, but isolated](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\nincidents of refoulement occurred in the past three years, notably in May 2021, when three recognized\nEthiopian refugees were deported without proper legal procedures, prompting a UNHCR response.\n\n\nIn a roundup that occurred on 30 April 2023 targeting irregular migrants, some refugees and asylum-seekers\nwere detained but released upon ONARS confirmation of their status with support of UNHCR, although\nmany held expired identification documents. ONARS, in collaboration with UNHCR, has been overseeing\nthis process.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers continue to possess identification documents, including refugee ID cards and\nattestations with one-year validity. These documents grant them the right to stay in Djibouti.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe institutional framework for refugee management in Djibouti remains governed by the [2017 Refugee](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[Law, the 2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers, as well as the](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan, along with its](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/Djibouti Plan d%E2%80%99Action National CRRF %282017%29.pdf) [coordination mechanism. The draft 2020\u20132023 ONARS Strategy,](https://teams.microsoft.com/dl/launcher/launcher.html?url=%2F_%23%2Fl%2Ffile%2F4BB495D1-6BAC-4BAF-A1A8-28546D1E30AB%3FtenantId%3De5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be%26fileType%3Dpdf%26objectUrl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%252Fteams%252Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%252FShared%2520Documents%252FRefugee%2520Protection%2520Assessment%2520(Private)%252FData%2520collection%2520templates%2520-%2520RPRF%252FDjibouti%252FDocuments%252FM%25C3%25A9canismes%2520de%2520facilitation%2520CRRF%2520%25C3%25A0%2520Djibouti%2520FR.pdf%26baseUrl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%252Fteams%252Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%26serviceName%3Dteams%26threadId%3D19%3Ac4c08892c23a468b8829b4d19c16502d%40thread.skype%26groupId%3D1e3dd932-ee2d-442b-b2d5-d97d9711413a&type=file&deeplinkId=19906d86-9ec6-47c9-9b0d-95c983b7380a&directDl=true&msLaunch=true&enableMobilePage=true&suppressPrompt=true)\ncurrently in preparation, will complement this framework. The 2017 Refugee Law continues to mandate\nthe Ministry of Interior (MoI) to oversee refugee affairs, with daily execution and coordination handled by\nONARS. Additionally, the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights outlines access to rights within the\nresponsibilities of each Ministry.\n\n\nThe 2017-2022 CRRF Action Plan continues to guide roles and responsibilities for refugee coordination,\noverseen by a Steering Committee co-chaired by UNHCR and MoI. This committee includes representatives\nfrom refugee and host communities, national NGOs, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and international\nNGOs. Although the Steering Committee has not met since February 2020, the CRRF national coordination\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RSD interviews", - "confidence": 0.6069046258926392, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8969362378120422, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\ncommittee and its working groups convene regularly. The committee facilitates engagement with stakeholders,\nfostering exchanges and consultations on refugee affairs.\n\n\nRefugee input and feedback on actions and decisions are gathered through community-based governance\nstructures, including Refugee Central Committees (RCC), women\u2019s committees, dispute resolution committees,\nchildren and GBV committees. New RCC member elections are scheduled for August 2023, with a 50 per cent\nfemale representation goal.\n\n\nSince the 2016-2017 academic year, refugee education data continue to be integrated into the national\nEducation Management Information System.\n\n\nOn 24 February 2022, the National Development Plan 2020-2024, known as [Djibouti ICI](https://economie.gouv.dj/wp-content/uploads/National-Development-Plan-English-version.pdf) (Inclusion Connectivity\nand Institutions) was developed through a participatory approach including all ministries, regional authorities,\nthe private sector, civil society organizations and development partners. With a view to leaving no one behind,\nthe National Plan aims through the Inclusion axis to improve the quality of life and well-being of all Djiboutians,\nincluding refugees and asylum-seekers, by ensuring a better distribution of the fruits of growth, increasing\nsocial inclusion, and promoting private initiatives to diversify the economy.\n\n\nDjibouti being part of the IGAD, refugee management and coordination is not only limited to country level.\n[Regular regional meetings on refugees are held on education in line with the Djibouti Declaration (2017) on](https://igad.int/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-and-self-reliance/)\n[Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-Reliance](https://igad.int/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-and-self-reliance/) aligned with the [Kampala Declaration](https://igad.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Kampala-Declaration_IGAD-flyer.pdf) (March 2019) and recently on health\nonline with the [Mombasa Declaration](https://igad.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/SKM_C287-Sa22032517160-1.pdf) (March 2022).\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe [2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search\r) governing the\nfundamental rights of refugees and asylum-seekers continues to provide for asylum-seekers to be issued\nwith a six-month attestation delivered by ONARS and renewable, and refugees are issued with a\nnational identity card delivered by the Ministry of Interior. The national identification documents also serve\nas authorization to stay and work in Djibouti. ONARS remained responsible for registering asylum-seekers\nand refugees with robust support from UNHCR. Furthermore, UNHCR has continued to prepare the asylumseekers\u2019 attestations and refugee ID cards to be distributed by ONARS to refugees and asylumseekers. It\u2019s worth noting that refugee ID cards do not contain any national identification number, as is\ntypically found on national identity cards issued by the Ministry of the Interior to nationals.\n\n\nOver the past three years, refugees and asylum-seekers have encountered challenges regarding the\nrecognition and respect of their documents by authorities, at times leading to arrests and detentions by law\nenforcement officials. Some of these incidents stem from issues with the validity of their documentation,\nwhich had expired. There is also a notable lack of recognition for these identification documents by both\nnational and sub-national authorities, as well as within the private sector. To address these issues in line\nwith relevant national legislation, it is imperative that refugees are provided with national identity cards\ncontaining the national identification number issued by the competent authority within the Ministry of the\nInterior.\n\n\nIn January 2019, [Law No. 39/AN/19/8\u00e8me L](https://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/djibouti-loi-n-39-an-19-8eme-l-portant-identification-des-personnes-physiques/\r) on the identification of individuals, creation of the national\nidentification number, and establishment of a national register was enacted in Djibouti. Article 5 of this 2019\nLaw also provides for access to the national identification number for any foreigner residing regularly on\nDjiboutian territory. This includes refugees and asylum-seekers. Article 12 of the same law stipulates that\nthe national register constitutes the unique reference for the identification of individuals and the production\nof all secure titles and national documents such as civil status certificates, national identity cards, travel\ndocuments, voter cards, driver\u2019s licenses, vehicle registration documents, work permits for foreigners, and\ncriminal records. However, this new legislation has not been fully implemented as the government is still\ntaking the necessary steps to ensure the interoperability of different national databases. Additionally, it is\nanticipated that a national population census scheduled for 2024 will also help prepare for the implementation\nof this law. Refugees and asylum-seekers are expected to be included in this upcoming national census.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[Seekers continue to uphold the right of refugees to obtain civil documentation. Specifically, the](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search\r) [2018](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec7e6244.html)\n[Civil Code maintains the requirement for regular birth registration within three days of birth. In practice,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec7e6244.html)\nauthorities demonstrated flexibility in extending this period for refugees. Challenges have emerged in\nHoll Holl villages, particularly due to difficulties in obtaining birth certificates for new-borns when medical\npersonnel are unavailable to issue the mother\u2019s exit sheet (serving as a birth notification). This delay affects\nthe overall birth registration process in refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nSince birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers only began in 2013, some refugees who were born\nin Djibouti still lack a birth certificate. Late birth registration requires supplementary judgments serving as\nbirth certificates, but the associated costs and accessibility challenges to the judiciary mechanism have\nmade this process nearly impossible. Simplified procedures, such as mobile Court Hearings with a onestop-shop registration approach with the support of ONARS and DGPF, could help clear the civil registry\nbacklog. Addressing this issue is crucial in preventing statelessness because birth registration is essential for\nestablishing a nationality entitlement for refugees born outside their country of origin. Data on the number\nof asylum-seekers and refugees born in Djibouti requiring birth certificates is unavailable. Furthermore,\nUNHCR continues to provide materials for the civil registry offices in refugee hosting areas. Refugees can\nalso register their marriages through the services of the paralegal NGO \u2018Union Nationale des Femmes\nDjiboutiennes\u2019 (UNFD), facilitating the registration of religious marriages, benefiting refugees from Holl Holl\nand Ali Addeh.\n\n\nThere is a coordination mechanism among ONARS, UNHCR and the Immigration Department for issuance\nof Convention Travel Documents (CTDs) to recognized refugees. However, the documents are not machinereadable and do not meet International Civil Aviation Organization standards (ICAO).\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nDuring the period under review, refugees and asylum-seekers continue to have access to justice, law\n[enforcement and legal assistance on par with nationals, as outlined in the 2017 Refugee Law](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) [and the 2017](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search\r)\n[Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers. This includes access to legal](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search\r)\ncounselling, the \u2018Ma\u2019adoun al Charia\u2019 accredited by the Ministry of Justice for personal status decisions and\nvarious national laws addressing gender-based violence (GBV).\n\n\nWhile national laws cover protection from GBV, access to justice has remained limited for both refugees and\nhost communities caused by inadequate judicial infrastructure, affordability and limited legal representation.\nRefugee and host communities continue to rely more on traditional dispute resolution mechanisms. Efforts\nto improve access to justice in refugee areas are limited, but UNHCR partnered with a national NGO to\nenhance access to the \u2018Maadoun al Charia,\u2019 mobile courts and legal assistance for GBV cases.\n\n\nRefugees continue to benefit from security services like the police and gendarmerie, similar to nationals.\nHowever, implementation challenges persist, with limited access to services for both refugee and host\ncommunity GBV survivors. Refugees often distrust GBV service providers due to confidentiality and data\nprotection concerns, leading to a continued reliance on traditional dispute resolution mechanisms.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[Seekers continue to accord refugees the right to move freely within Djibouti and choose their place of](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\nresidence on the same basis as nationals.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIn practice, refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy freedom of movement by presenting their refugee or\nasylum-seekers identification documents. During the period under review, more and more law enforcement\nofficers have become familiar with refugee and asylum-seekers identification documents. Only refugees\nthat are registered in the refugee sites (referred to as villages) and camps can benefit from humanitarian\nassistance. Over half of the refugees continue to be registered in one of three refugee villages where they\nreside and move daily. Some members of the refugee household might also move elsewhere for income\ngenerating purposes.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers in Djibouti continue to enjoy the right to work and engage in self-employment,\nas guaranteed by the [2017 Refugee Law and the](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) [2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights. Article](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_2017_410_PR_MI.pdf)\n2 of the 2017 Decree, read in combination with Article 3 of the same, stipulates that for any professional\nactivity, including liberal profession, refugees in Djibouti shall obtain a national refugee ID card issued by\nthe Ministry of Interior. Both provisions indicate tha the national refugee ID card serves as authorization\nto stay and work in the Republic of Djibouti. Similarly, the combined legal provisions of the same Decree\nalso state that asylum-seekers can engage in professional activities and shall be issued an \u201cattestation\u201d\nby ONARS with a validity period of six months, which is renewable. This \u201cattestation\u201d serves as\nauthorization to stay and work on Djiboutian territory. Additionally, Article 4 of the 2017 Decree provides\nasylum-seekers and refugees with the same treatment as nationals concerning Djibouti\u2019s national\nlegislation on the right at work and the right to social security. Furthermore, Article 2 of the 2017 Decree\nstipulates that for the exercise of any commercial activity refugees and asylum-seekers are subject to\nthe same conditions and formalities than nationals.\n\n\nDespite these legal provisions, challenges remain, such as high national unemployment rates and limited\nlegal awareness among potential employers about asylum-seekers and refugees\u2019 right to work without\na work permit. Furthermore, the identity documents issued to refugees are not yet issued by the Ministry\nof Interior and also do not contain the single national identifier number as per the 2019 Law governing the\nidentification of physical persons, creation of national identification number and national register. Therefore,\nthese documents issued to refugees may not be recognized as official identity documents equating to\nauthorization to stay and work in Djibouti. Additionally, some refugees lack the necessary skills. Asylumseeker attestations may also not be recognized by employers, partly due to a lack of awareness.\n\n\nThe government has implemented strategies to promote employment, especially among vulnerable groups,\nincluding refugees, and emphasizes skills development. Refugees can register their businesses\nefficiently through the [\"Guichet Unique\" (One-Stop Shop) process. On a less positive note, refugees](http://www.guichet-unique.dj/)\nand asylum-seekers are still unable to obtain Djiboutian driving licenses, which remains a marketable\nskill. Ongoing discussions with the relevant Djiboutian authorities aim to address this issue and ensure\nthey can enjoy access to driving licenses.\n\n\nIn 2021, in collaboration with UNHCR, the Ministry of Labor and affiliated institutions (Employment National\nAgency, Labor Inspection, National Institution for Public Administration) organized sensitization sessions\nin three refugee villages to inform refugees about their right to work and the right for potential refugee\nand asylum-seeker workforces to be registered in the National Agency for Employment, and Professional\nTrainings database. This aims to link refugees to potential employers. Refugees have also been informed\nabout their right to contact and file complaints to the Labor Inspection for any abuses from their employers.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nUnder the [2017 Refugee Law](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) and the [2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\n[Asylum-Seekers refugees continue to enjoy the right to hold a property in line with the provisions of the](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search) [1951](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\n[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee or\nasylum-seekers identification documents", - "confidence": 0.5624831914901733, - "start": 17, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee sites", - "confidence": 0.5673617720603943, - "start": 52, - "end": 54 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6829511523246765, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9457321166992188, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Professional\nTrainings database", - "confidence": 0.7789561748504639, - "start": 642, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "link refugees to potential employers", - "confidence": 0.6680249571800232, - "start": 649, - "end": 654 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.687018096446991, - "start": 700, - "end": 701 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6302074790000916, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nThere is still no data available on how many refugees have exercised their rights or have faced practical\nbarriers in accessing land, housing, and property in Djibouti.\n\n\nIn the refugee villages, UNHCR has provided support for the construction of emergency shelters, semipermanent and permanent structures. So far, 10 per cent of households in Ali Addeh and 12 per cent in Holl\nHoll live in permanent structures. In Djibouti city, refugees look for their own accommodation, except some\nof the most vulnerable.\n\n\nBy the end of 2022, the survey to restructure the two villages was concluded and submitted to the World\nBank for approval. The next step will involve the implementation of the \u2018Agence de Rehabilitation Urbaine\net du Logement Social\u2019 (ARULOS) project, which is designed to enhance refugee access to improved social\ninfrastructure. This project will positively impact the living conditions of refugees and host communities,\nincluding housing, access to potable water, livelihoods, electricity, and road construction.\n\n\nIn Markazi camp refugees continue to live in prefab houses equipped with running water and connected to\nelectricity. Those permanent structures were given by the King Souleiman Foundation.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\n[In accordance with the National Law for Refugees and its implementing decree, refugees and asylum-](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\nseekers in Djibouti continue to enjoy the right to open a bank account, to have access to banking\ntransactions and to public administrative services on the same basis as nationals. While the Central Bank\nof Djibouti issued an administrative regulation in 2018 to allow refugees to open bank accounts, using\nasylum-seeker attestations and refugee ID cards, certain obstacles remain in practice for opening bank\naccounts. In 2022, UNHCR met with eight commercial banks to assess potential barriers for refugees in\naccessing their services. Some banks expressed their concerns of the lack of a policy for the inclusion of\nsuch category of clients in the banking system, but they remain favorable to include refugees in digital\nbanking services. Furthermore, refugees and asylum-seekers continue to have access to SIM card\nregistration based on their refugee ID and/or asylum-seeker attestations.\n\n\nOver the past three years, asylum-seekers have continued to face limitations in exercising their rights\nto access financial services. As a result, in April 2022, a workshop in Djibouti City aimed to raise\nawareness among 15 private sector representatives about refugee rights and financial inclusion. Notable\nparticipants included the Central Bank, BCIMR, BOA, BOCD, International Business Bank, Bank of\nChina, SALAAM Bank, SABA African Bank, Silkroad International Bank, International Investment\nBank and CAC Bank. These banks have now committed to providing banking services to refugees\nand asylum-seekers upon presentation of their refugee ID cards or household-level attestations (proof\nof registration) for asylum-seekers. Additionally, Djibouti Telecom has agreed to offer SIM cards\nbased on refugee ID cards and asylum-seeker attestations.\n\n\nTo the credit of the government, the national strategy for financial inclusion was issued in 2022\nand marks the political will of Djibouti to develop a comprehensive framework to ensure that all\nsegments of the population, including refugees and asylum-seekers, have access to financial\nservices, such as banking, credit, insurance, and investments. This strategy aims to promote\neconomic growth, reduce poverty, and enhance the overall financial well-being of the citizens and\nother residents in Djibouti by providing them with the means to participate in the formal financial\nsystem. It often involves regulatory measures, infrastructure development, technology adoption and\neducational initiatives to bridge the gap between underserved populations and financial services. UNDP\nprovided technical support in the design and drafting of the National strategy which includes refugees.\n\n\nSince July 2020, UNHCR and its partner \"Agence Djiboutienne de D\u00e9veloppement\n[Social\" (ADDS) launched an entrepreneurship project for both refugees and host communities. So far,](https://www.adds.dj/)\n628 people have been trained and benefitted from startup kits, 128 of whom opened accounts at the\nnational microfinance\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n[agency CPEC (\" Caisse Populaire d\u2019Epargne et de Cr\u00e9di \") with the possibility of getting loans.](http://www.reseau3d.org/actualites-generales/caisse-populaire-depargne-et-de-credit-cpec/)\n\n\nAccess to driving licenses has remained challenging for refugees, but the authorities are seeking to\novercome the challenges.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf)\n[Seekers continue to grant refugees and asylum-seekers the right to enrol in primary and secondary public](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\nschools, and access to vocational training under the same conditions as nationals.\n\n\nThe government has upheld its commitment to integrate refugees into the national education system. This\n[commitment was realized through the Strategy for the refugees\u2019 inclusion in the national education system](https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/Djibouti_Declaration_Refugee_Education_2017_FR.pdf)\n[and its Implementation Plan 2019-2025, co-signed by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training](https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/Djibouti_Declaration_Refugee_Education_2017_FR.pdf)\n(MENFOP), UNICEF and UNHCR. Notable achievements under this plan include the translation of the French\ncurriculum into English, enabling refugee learners to follow the national curriculum. The authorities have\nstrengthened school buildings in refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nPreviously, refugee schools in Djibouti used the Kenyan curriculum without Kenyan authority involvement,\ncausing accreditation challenges. A decision was made to translate the Djiboutian curriculum from French to\nEnglish. This translation has now been completed up to grade 10, with a full transition to the French education\ncurriculum in English anticipated by 2025. During this transition, the Kenyan curriculum is still used in upper\nsecondary education, officially recognized in Djibouti following Decree 2020-234 by MENFOP.\n\n\nRefugees in Markazi, primarily from Yemen, continue to use their home country\u2019s curriculum taught in Arabic,\nrecognized by Djiboutian authorities. The Djiboutian curriculum will be translated into Arabic and a trilingual\nsystem is planned where the national curriculum can be taught in French, English or Arabic.\n\n\nCurrently, 10,858 children attend pre-primary, primary and secondary schools in refugee sites. In 2022,\nthe gross enrolment rate for primary education was 65 per cent and 41 per cent for secondary education.\nAs of June 2023, 56 refugee students from three cohorts attended the University of Djibouti. Two refugee\nstudents were awarded government scholarships to study abroad for their outstanding performance.\nRefugee inclusion in the national education system, led by MENOFP, has been positive. However, refugee\nteachers are not yet on the national payroll due to financial constraints. Despite substantial funding from the\nIDA Sub-window for host communities and refugees, UNHCR continued to primarily cover school-related\ncosts for refugees.\n\n\nSince the 2022 Djibouti Declaration on education for refugees, returnees, and host communities, the IGAD\nSecretariat, UNHCR and MENFOP have developed a costed plan for refugee inclusion in the national\neducation system. This plan awaits approval and focuses on three key areas: integrating refugee teachers\ninto the national payroll, implementing a digital plan to enhance teaching and learning quality in refugee\nvillages, and providing vocational training to prepare young refugees for the job market.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nDjibouti continued to provide refugees and asylum-seekers access to the national healthcare system on\n[equal terms with its nationals, in accordance with the 2017 Refugee Law](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) [and the 2017 Decree Governing](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\n[the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers. The National Health Development Plan for](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\n2020\u20132024 aimed to strengthen the primary care system, enhance disease prevention, and extend\n[health insurance coverage, benefiting refugees as well. Additionally, the ongoing UNDAF (2018-2022)](https://djibouti.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/UNDAF Final - 27 Aug_0.pdf) has\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nbeen instrumental in supporting access to health and nutrition care, including social health protection for\nvulnerable refugee and national populations.\n\n\nDjibouti also continued to receive global funds for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and malaria, ensuring that\nrefugees have access to treatments. UNICEF has also continued to play a key role in supplying routine\nvaccines to the Ministry of Health. IGAD also continued to support tuberculosis screening and contact\ntracing in refugee camps extended through 2025. These activities are funded through UNHCR and\nincluded in the project partnership with the Ministry of Health. The country continued to grapple with a\nshortage of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and lab technicians.\n\n\nSince 2018, the Ministry of Health has assumed responsibility for delivering healthcare services to refugees\nand host communities, with support from UNHCR and the World Bank. The existing Memorandum of\nUnderstanding (MoU) signed in 2018 is set to expire, necessitating its amendment and the development\nof a multi-year strategic plan involving other UN agencies and development partners, as the inclusion of\nrefugees into the national health system remains reliant on UNHCR\u2019s financial assistance.\n\n\nIn the Holl Holl and Ali-Addeh sites, primary health posts continued to be funded by UNHCR through a project\npartnership agreement with the Ministry of Health. However, in Markazi camp, primary healthcare is provided\nby an NGO funded by the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Foundation and the Ministry of Health,\nraising concerns among Yemeni refugees about potential conflicts of interest due to Saudi Arabia\u2019s financial\nsupport. Secondary healthcare services are delivered by the Regional Hospitals of Ali Sabieh and Obock\nwithout charge.\n\n\nFinancing from the World Bank, under IDA17 and IDA18, has made it possible to improve some of the medical\ninfrastructure and equipment of the health posts in Holl Holl, Ali Adeh, and the regional hospitals in Ali\nSabieh and Obock, but much remains to be completed to ensure full inclusion.\n\n\nReferral patients from camps to Djibouti City for Level 3 care (tertiary level) has encountered challenges\nsince 2022. While initially considered a government commitment, the costs of such referrals have not been\ncovered, preventing refugee and asylum-seeker patients from accessing tertiary healthcare. Negotiations\nwith the World Bank are underway to secure support for the Ministry of Health in addressing this issue.\n\n\nAdditionally, an inclusion strategy aimed at providing universal medical insurance to 12,500 refugees,\nfinanced by the European Union (EU) delegation through the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity, has\nfaced challenges in reaching an agreement. The individual insurance cost was deemed low, but sustainability\nremains a concern. Plans are now being considered for the pilot inclusion of vulnerable refugees if donor\nsupport can be obtained. Refugees residing in Djibouti City have enrolled in the national health insurance,\nwhile those with specific needs continue to access public health facilities in the city free of charge upon\npresentation of their identification documentation.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[The National Social Protection Strategy 2018-2022](https://sociales.gouv.dj/uploads/Categorie/9b486a2fb64f519b7cbf155e82bf1c67.pdf) of the Republic of Djibouti was officially promulgated\nthrough the Law No. 043/AN/19/8\u00e8me L of 23 June 2019. The responsibility for implementation of the\nstrategy lies with the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS). The strategy aims to provide support\nto Djiboutian households living in extreme poverty by granting them access to social assistance as part of\nthe National Family Solidarity Program (PNSF). Under this program, eligible households receive FDJ 30,000,\nequivalent to USD 170, each quarter. Eligibility criteria require that households are registered in the national\nsocial registry, with a focus on those experiencing poverty and vulnerability. This includes households with\nmembers who have a disability or are elderly, children under five years old, orphans, and vulnerable children.\n\n\nOn 8 July 2020, a new Decree No. 2020-137/PR/MASS [was enacted, amending the previous Decree No.](https://wwwex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/105364/DJI-105364.pdf)\n[2017-311/PR/SEAS. This amendment aimed at including refugees and asylum-seekers in the national social](https://wwwex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/105364/DJI-105364.pdf)\nregistry, thereby granting them access to the national social protection system.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n[The inclusion of refugees in the national social protection system, a government priority under the Djibouti](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/Djibouti Plan d%E2%80%99Action National CRRF %282017%29.pdf)\n[2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan, has faced challenges in securing long-term financing for the PNSF. This](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/Djibouti Plan d%E2%80%99Action National CRRF %282017%29.pdf)\nhas affected coverage for eligible households and extended coverage to refugees. Nevertheless, MASS,\nwith assistance from WFP and in collaboration with UNHCR and ONARS, has made progress in supporting\nrefugees.\n\n\nAs of August 2022, sensitization efforts and analysis of eligibility criteria were conducted in Ali Addeh,\nHoll-Holl villages and urban areas to include refugees in the PNSF. Enrolments focused on urban areas,\nwhere 800 refugee households were included in the national social registry, gaining access to the PNSF\nin October 2022, benefitting approximately 4,000 individuals. This corresponds to approximately 4,000\nbeneficiaries, constituting 55 per cent of the urban refugee population and approximately 13 per cent of the\nentire refugee population.\n\n\nIn 2022, Djibouti faced drought that has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities of the population and affected\nfood security. As a result, the MASS and partners often had to adjust their priorities, which impacted inclusion\nefforts. Concerns have arisen regarding the short duration of the PNSF, which is set for one year, and the\npredictability of funding beyond this period. This is an ongoing challenge for the social protection.\n\n\nIn the first half of 2023, the Ministry of Social Affairs initiated the development of a new National Social\nProtection Strategy (NSPS). It is expected to focus on extending social assistance to various internal regions,\nespecially those hosting refugees.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nDjibouti continues to have policies, standards, and services for safeguarding the well-being of its children,\nincluding unaccompanied and separated children, victims of trafficking in persons, survivors of genderbased violence and children with special needs. In alignment with the [2017 Refugee Law](https://migrationpolicy.unescwa.org/sites/default/files/policies/2017_Djibouti_Law_No_159.pdf) and the [2017](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\n[Decree Governing the Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers, refugee children also benefit](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/fr/119543?prevDestination=search)\nfrom these policies and services for the protection of Djiboutian children. However, access to these vital\nservices remains limited for both nationals and refugees due to policy and resource deficiencies, as well\nas challenges in implementation. While there are child protection laws in place, a comprehensive referral\nmechanism for all children at risk is lacking. Refugee children in particular follow separate referral pathways\nled by an international NGO in partnership with UNHCR.\n\n\nIn January 2023, Djibouti introduced a national child policy through the Ministry of Women and the Family\nto establish a coordination mechanism ensuring the well-being, development, protection, and participation\nof children, including refugee children. Despite the above, UNHCR continued to collaborate with an\ninternational NGO to ensure the protection of refugee children at risk.\n\n\n[In response to the 2016 Law No. 133 on preventing and responding to human trafcking, a decree enacted](http://2016 Law No. 133 on preventing and responding to human trafficking)\n[on 4 February 2023 established a national committee to combat human trafficking and related practices.](https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=114524&cs=1U9szlu8WXwIZX9h2YKXmze3Lu2NU5lMSEOjPtDRSgSL1K69hieXz5e1hESEaCrr9UPeEYhVsVIaiH-mUVnCmJQ)\nThis inter-ministerial coordinating structure, overseen by the Minister of Justice, aimed at enhancing the\ngovernment\u2019s efforts to address human trafficking. Djibouti has taken significant steps to establish a shelter\nfor adult trafficking victims, including partnering with an international organization. However, there have\nbeen limited efforts in terms of reporting and prosecuting trafficking cases.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nNational laws and decrees continue to promote gender equality and related principles. Progress has\nbeen made in girls\u2019 education, women\u2019s representation in decision-making bodies and the fight against\nfemale genital mutilation (FGM), with fewer reported cases. Women\u2019s empowerment is apparent through\ncooperatives and mutual insurance entities (mutuelles) in various regions. Nonetheless, gender disparities\npersist in policies and their implementation, primarily in the following areas:\n\n\n**a.** **Support for refugee-hosting communities:** While UNHCR strives for gender parity in leadership,\n\nrefugee women often yield to men due to cultural constraints and illiteracy.\n**b.** **Institutional framework for refugee management:** There are still a lack of gender perspective in\n\nprogramming, new regulations stipulate that 50 per cent of elected committee members should be\nfemale refugees.\n**c.** **Protection for vulnerable groups:** There are still gaps in preventing and responding to GBV, especially\n\nfor individuals with specific needs.The UNFD (\u2018Union des Femmes Djiboutiennes\u2019) actively monitors\nsites and addresses identified GBV cases with complaint mechanisms in place.\n\n\nDespite progress, gender-related challenges persist in these dimensions, affecting socio-economic\ndevelopment.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nDifferences and restrictions in policies and their implementation concerning refugees and asylum-seekers\nare evident, with the most significant impact on socio-economic development seen in the key areas below:\n\n\n**a.** **Rights to work and rights at work:** Asylum-seekers face disadvantages compared to recognized\n\nrefugees due to limited recognition of asylum-seeker attestations by employers.\n**b.** **Access to civil registration and documentation:** Facilitated access to late birth registration and\n\ncertification is needed for refugees and asylum-seekers born in Djibouti before 2013 who continue to\nlack birth certificates. Access to birth registration for refugees born in exile is key to prevent risks of\nstatelessness and establish their entitlement to a nationality.\n**c.** **Education:** Insufficient targeted support exists for refugee children with special needs, including\n\ndisabilities and age-related requirements.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e953b71d-9991-4700-8c03-778f10de7aa5/Djibouti-RPRF-11032024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_326/raw/doc_326_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_326/raw/doc_326_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 41530db056d7fbcb23517d98800939ed62db67b9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_326/raw/doc_326_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|31|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n|||||\n|||||\n||||**13**
**11**|\n||||**5,**|\n|||||\n|||||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nDjibouti has traditionally pursued refugee policies through which it provided asylum-seekers and refugees\nwith access to its territory, asylum and safety, and humanitarian assistance. From July 2017 to June 2020,\nthe Government of Djibouti has significantly developed its approach to managing refugee situations. The\nmost significant policy developments at the national level are as follows:\n\n[[Refugee Law No 159/AN/16/7\u00e8me]](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [(the 2017 Refugee Law), that ]\n## \u2022 [In January 2017, promulgation of a new]\nprovide a large access to rights, including socioeconomic rights for refugees and asylum-seekers. The\nLaw reconfirms the Ministry of Interior (MoI) as the Ministry responsible for refugee affairs, with its\nNational Office for Assistance to Refugees and Disaster Victims ( _Office National d\u2019Assistance aux_\n_R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et Sinistr\u00e9s \u2013 ONARS_ ) responsible for day-to-day management.\n\n[[2017\u20132022 Action Plan]](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalcompactrefugees.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-12%2FDjibouti%2520Plan%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Action%2520National%2520CRRF%2520(2017).pdf&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=r5i1nRUTUipuGPtb7EjPrJKfeaZyIMCID5J%2BsXsjkns%3D&reserved=0) [of the Comprehensive ]\n## \u2022 [In December 2017, adoption by the Ministry of Interior of the]\n[Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) and two decrees: i) Implementing Decree No 2017-409 on the](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D2017-409%26ID2%3D2017-12-07%26ID3%3DD%25E9cret%26ID4%3D23%26ID5%3D2017-12-14%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=a5QqTCQ9QZ0MxRaEFPoqoNEqqhl4zTJC53KbVMHye0w%3D&reserved=0)\n[Asylum Procedure, National Eligibility Commission and Appeal Board (2017 Decree on the Asylum](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D2017-409%26ID2%3D2017-12-07%26ID3%3DD%25E9cret%26ID4%3D23%26ID5%3D2017-12-14%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=a5QqTCQ9QZ0MxRaEFPoqoNEqqhl4zTJC53KbVMHye0w%3D&reserved=0)\n[Procedure)](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D2017-409%26ID2%3D2017-12-07%26ID3%3DD%25E9cret%26ID4%3D23%26ID5%3D2017-12-14%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=a5QqTCQ9QZ0MxRaEFPoqoNEqqhl4zTJC53KbVMHye0w%3D&reserved=0) and ii) [Implementing Decree No 2017-410 on Fundamental Rights of Refugees and Asylum-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D2017-410%26ID2%3D2017-12-07%26ID3%3DD%25E9cret%26ID4%3D23%26ID5%3D2017-12-14%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Im51VrHeAjvYGQLj9Azo%2FUiQv41%2F1eK7Fh0O5Hz8DzI%3D&reserved=0)\n[Seekers](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D2017-410%26ID2%3D2017-12-07%26ID3%3DD%25E9cret%26ID4%3D23%26ID5%3D2017-12-14%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C834bf84d43e0405d619e08d8f50bb4df%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637528777914648537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Im51VrHeAjvYGQLj9Azo%2FUiQv41%2F1eK7Fh0O5Hz8DzI%3D&reserved=0) (2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights).\n## \u2022 [ Drafting of two new decrees that are expected to be adopted in the second half of 2020: ][Decree No ]\n\n[2020-137/PR/MASS amending Decree No 2017-311/PR/SEAS of 28 September 2017 for the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-137&ID2=2020-07-08&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=13&ID5=2020-07-13&ID6=n)\n[establishment, organisation and functioning of the Social Registry and](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-137&ID2=2020-07-08&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=13&ID5=2020-07-13&ID6=n) [Decree No 2020-234/PR/](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-234&ID2=2020-09-14&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=17&ID5=2020-09-15&ID6=n)\n[MENFOP creating and defning the access conditions and issuance of the end of secondary education](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-234&ID2=2020-09-14&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=17&ID5=2020-09-15&ID6=n)\n[titled \u201cCertifcate of High-School Graduation\u201d](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-234&ID2=2020-09-14&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=17&ID5=2020-09-15&ID6=n)\n\n\nIn September 2017, Djibouti became eligible for the IDA 18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW), which it had\nrequested to seek financing and technical assistance for the implementation of sustainable policies for the\nsocioeconomic integration of refugees, in line with the CRRF Action Plan and the legislative reform\npertaining to refugees\n\n\nDjibouti was also active regarding refugee issues in the international sphere from 2017 to 2020. At the\nLeaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees in September 2016, Djibouti signed up to CRRF, as proposed by the 2016\nNew York Declaration, and committed to three policy pledges: i) adopt a new refugee law, ii) give refugee\nchildren access to accredited education, and iii) give refugees access to the national health system.. In\nDecember 2019 at the Global Refugee Forum (GRF), the Government of Djibouti furthered its socioeconomic\nintegration pledges through five policy commitments: i) include refugees in the National Development\nPlan; ii) integrate refugee teachers into the national system and budget through a training/certification\nprogramme; iii) provide refugees with technical and vocational training for better socioeconomic inclusion:\niv) increase investments in the health system, in particular technical platforms in order to strengthen the\nnational structures in areas hosting refugees; gradually include 12,500 refugees in the universal health\ninsurance programme by 2021.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nNo information was available on the existence of national policies providing for additional financial transfers\nfrom the national level to the areas that are economically affected by the presence of refugees.\n\n\nThe [2018\u20132022 National Social Protection Policy](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=043&ID2=2019-06-23&ID3=Loi&ID4=12&ID5=2019-06-30&ID6=n) provides for social safety nets for all Djiboutian nationals,\nincluding host communities. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS) is responsible for social\nprotection and manages the social registry in which vulnerable households are enrolled, based on the\nnational poverty line defined by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and assessed through a proxymean test. Data is not available on the number of enrolled national households that are living in areas\neconomically affected by a refugee presence.\n\n\nThe social registry, governed by [Decree No 2017-311/PR/SEAS for the establishment, organisation and](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-311&ID2=2017-09-28&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=18&ID5=2017-09-28&ID6=n)\n[functioning of the social registry, provides access to a poverty-targeted social assistance programme: the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-311&ID2=2017-09-28&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=18&ID5=2017-09-28&ID6=n)\n[National Family Solidarity Program,](https://socialprotection.org/discover/programmes/programme-national-de-solidarit%C3%A9-famille-pnsf%E2%80%94national-programme-family) (PSNF) while providing subsidised access to health care and nutrition\nsupport. Other key social assistance programmes include the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE)\nprogrammes (economic inclusion and social cohesion activities), education support for children with\ndisabilities (including income generating assistance support for mothers), subsidised access to the national\nhealth insurance scheme for the poorest people (Social Health Assistance Programme and the social\nassistance programme for poor older persons (basic needs for the elderly)). The PSNF is governed by\n[Decree No 2017-096/PR/SEAS PR/SEAS amending Decree No 2015-279/PR/SESN on the creation,](https://sociales.gouv.dj/uploads/Categorie/146f0bd3773f38ec5590987a402c0a0b.pdf)\n[organization and operation of the National Family Solidarity Program (PNSF).](https://sociales.gouv.dj/uploads/Categorie/146f0bd3773f38ec5590987a402c0a0b.pdf)\n\n\nNational policies can be applied to identify, prevent, and mitigate potential social tension and risks of\n[violence in refugee-hosting areas. Djibouti\u2019s National Vision 2035, for instance, makes national solidarity](https://www.ccd.dj/w2017/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Vision-Nationale.pdf)\nand social cohesion central to its pillar on Peace and National Unity and proposes measures to prevent\nand address conflict and promote dialogue. Although the National Vision and associated policies do not\n[directly refer to refugees and host communities, in conjunction with Djibouti\u2019s 2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) and the\n[2018 Global Compact on Refugees, these documents do also apply to refugees and host communities and](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf)\ncan be implemented in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both population groups.\n\n\nIn practice, there is a high degree of interaction between refugees and host communities in all refugeehosting locations. Many refugees share sociocultural and linguistic ties with the host community and\nrelationships are largely amicable.\n\n\nAs part of Djibouti\u2019s local governance systems, informal and formal local mechanisms exist that promote\npeaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities, and citizen engagement. While these do not formally\ninclude representatives of the refugee community, refugees are generally received when they seek\nparticipation or services. Refugees have been participating, for instance, in local mechanisms for mediation\nand compensation led by host community leaders. In Djibouti City, refugee participation and inclusion in\nlocal mechanisms happens regularly while in the refugee villages it occurs on a more ad hoc basis.\n\n\nONARS has established refugee community-based governance structures in all refugee villages and in\nDjibouti City (see also section 2.3). Similarly, these do not tend to include host community members from\nthe outset, but they facilitate connections with similar structures in the host community. ONARS, local\nauthorities and local NGOs with international support also implement a range of interventions that promote\nsocial cohesion (e.g. joint sports tournaments, regional business fairs, fishery association, etc.). Such\ninterventions generally include quotas for host community members and refugees to ensure that both\nparticipate and benefit equally.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social registry", - "confidence": 0.9754102230072021, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "areas\neconomically affected by a refugee presence", - "confidence": 0.5820430517196655, - "start": 167, - "end": 174 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "national households", - "confidence": 0.9133266806602478, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n\n[National policies do formally protect refugees from discrimination. The 1992 Constitution of Djibouti as](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/dji128666.pdf)\n[amended in 2010, provides for legal equality without distinction based on language, origin, race, sex, or](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/dji128666.pdf)\nreligion. Furthermore, the 2017 Refugee Law provides for fundamental rights as set out in the [1951](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\n[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) and includes an explicit reference to the right to nondiscrimination. There is no verifiable data available on discrimination in practice. No complaints on grounds\nof discrimination have been brought forward to justice by a refugee.\n\n\nEducation : Over 4,000 refugee children attended the national education system in the 2019/2020 school\nyear. The National Education Action Plan (PAE 2017\u20132020) has been revised to include refugees in national\neducation systems and facilitate access to quality education for refugees and host communities.\n\n\nHealth: refugees and asylum-seekers have access to the national health system at all levels: primary,\nsecondary and tertiary. A socioeconomic profiling exercise of refugees started in 2019 with the aim of\nintegrating them into the national health insurance system. The results will allow the inclusion of 12,500\nvulnerable refugees in the social health assistance programme.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThere is a generally positive relationship in Djibouti between refugees and host communities and within\nthe refugee communities themselves, despite being a diverse population in terms of nationality, culture,\nsocio-economic background, and language. Although the national legal framework in Djibouti does not\nspecifically entail provisions on social cohesion or the identification, prevention and mitigation of potential\n[social tensions and risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas, Law 162/AN/16/7eme L and the Refugee](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidence.dj%2Ftexte.php%3FID%3D162%26ID2%3D2017-01-05%26ID3%3DLoi%26ID4%3D1%26ID5%3D2017-01-15%26ID6%3Dn&data=04%7C01%7Ccisse%40unhcr.org%7Ceea77dcf3c3a4b1a12ad08d924ac7a69%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637581145474240554%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=D9wVDv14pLs%2BDexPXdSU1q8dtrCOlCALKBvyikZHiZ8%3D&reserved=0)\n[Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) address poverty and social exclusion targeting all poor and vulnerable persons living in Djibouti\nincluding refugees. They are favorable to refugees\u2019 socio-economic inclusion and legal integration,\ngranting them access to the same rights as nationals except the right to vote.\n\n\nONARS and UNHCR have social cohesion programmes in refugee hosting areas. In practice, local\nauthorities, Government institutions and NGOs organize activities aimed at reinforcing peaceful\ncoexistence. These include specific quotas for nationals and refugees in subsidized / funded vocational\ntraining opportunities, regional business fairs or joint sports tournaments.\n\n\nIn terms of representation, each refugee nationality group has its own subcommittee. Refugees have\nleadership committees in each site, separate from those of the host community, with refugee leaders\nelected every three years. The leadership committees are gender sensitive and consist of a president, a\nvice-president, a representative of each nationality group, and a representative per sectoral activity.\nInteractions between refugees\u2019 leadership committees and host community leaders are neither formalized\nnor regular. However, refugees are free to directly seek mediation services or request for compensation\nfrom host community leaders.\n\n\nNational policies do formally protect refugees from discrimination. Article 1 of the [Constitution provides for](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/dji128666.pdf)\nequality before the law without distinction based on language, origin, race, sex or religion. Moreover,\n[Article 14(1) of the Refugee Law explicitly provides for non-discrimination against refugees.](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe government is investing with donor resources, principally through World Bank operation, in activities\nthat are looking to address environmental impacts of the presence of refugees in host communities. These\nactivities comprises environmental management, including technical advisory services for implementation\nof environmental management activities through a labour-intensive public works mode, but also finding\nalternative energy sources to reduce unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, including risk\nmitigation and other challenges faced by crisis-affected host communities.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic profiling exercise", - "confidence": 0.5944072604179382, - "start": 196, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.5514281988143921, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9941911101341248, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8965721726417542, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe [2017 Refugee Law, the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [2017 Decree on the Asylum Procedure, the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-409&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) [2017 Decree on Refugee](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\n[Fundamental Rights and the 2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan provide elements for a national preparedness](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nframework, including an institutional coordination mechanism that could be used to respond to increased\nor new refugee inflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts.\n\n\nIn practice, preparedness measures are taken on an ad hoc basis when new refugee inflows are expected\nbased on the situation in surrounding countries. An inter-agency contingency plan is developed, according\nto the Refugee Coordination Model (RCM), co-led by UNHCR and ONARS. These plans have a six-month\ntime frame and are updated after that period as necessary; they are fully financed by humanitarian aid and\nimplemented by humanitarian organisations and line ministries.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\n[Djibouti has been a State Party to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) [and the 1967](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees since 1977. No reservations were made. Djibouti is also a State](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[party to the 1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and other](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nrelevant [international and regional instruments. However, Djibouti has not yet acceded to the](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true) [1954](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3840.html)\n[Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless persons and the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3840.html) [1961 Convention on the Reduction of](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/1961-Convention-on-the-reduction-of-Statelessness_ENG.pdf)\n[Statelessness. Djibouti endorsed the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). Refugee-related commitments](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/1961-Convention-on-the-reduction-of-Statelessness_ENG.pdf)\n[in these instruments are implemented through the 2017 Refugee Law, the 2017 Decree on the Asylum](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\n[Procedure, the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights and the 2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan, in](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-409&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nconjunction with the national policy framework.\n\n\nThe 2017 Refugee Law and related decrees address non-refoulement, the definition of \u2018refugee\u2019, refugee\nstatus determination procedure and fundamental rights accorded to refugees. They are in line with\ninternational and regional norms and standards, except for Article 1D of the 1951 Convention, which has\nnot been incorporated in the law. Implementation of the legal framework has shortcomings (see respective\nPolicy Dimensions). No refugee or asylum-seeker has so far attempted to seek judicial remedies for lack\nof access to the rights enshrined in the national Refugee Law or decrees.\n\n\nThe Refugee Law and related decrees have not yet been disseminated in relevant local languages or\nother languages spoken by refugees. UNHCR observes that border authorities are aware of asylum\nprocedures, non-refoulement principles and how to refer a person to the appropriate services. Ministries\nor other public agencies that have a direct and formal partnership with UNHCR are generally aware of\nrefugees\u2019 rights (i.e. Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Social Affairs\nand Solidarity, Ministry of Women and Family, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and the\nNational Development Agency). UNHCR observes gaps in awareness of applicable refugee policies\namong other institutions, private sector entities, foreign embassies, and refugees themselves.\n\n\nThe 2017 Refugee Law and the [2017 Decree on the Asylum Procedure](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-409&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) include the framework for refugee\nstatus determination (RSD). The RSD framework gives the National Eligibility Commission (NEC) the\nresponsibility to grant refugee status, working off the basis of RSD files including individual assessment\nprepared by ONARS Eligibility Officers. The procedures, as outlined in the law, including those of the\nappeal process, are in line with international and regional standards.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers from South Central Somalia and Yemen are granted refugee status through a prima facie\napproach by practice (not embedded in a legal instrument or political declaration). All other asylumseekers from other countries of origin go through individual RSD procedures. NEC adjudication sessions\ntend to be irregular and there is a backlog of 11,197 asylum-seekers pending RSD. There are shortcomings\nin the efficiency and the quality of the RSD decision process. This is mainly caused by technical gaps and\nsome financial challenges affecting the NEC and the eligibility team of ONARS. Gaps in the RSD process\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\ninclude limited application of asylum procedural standards, poor interviews, credibility assessments, and\nlegal analysis conducted, as well as lack of data management approach. The average individual RSD case\nprocessing including final adjudication by the NEC can be very slow which can take up to eight to ten years\nfor the refugee status to be either granted or rejected at first instance for certain asylum-seekers. This\nposes serious concerns regarding the efficiency and fairness of the national RSD procedure.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers have limited enjoyment of their rights. Asylum-seekers are issued with a household level\nattestation only which is routinely not accepted for particular services, such as opening a bank account,\npurchasing a SIM card, among others. Information on the RSD procedures is not widely available and there\nare gaps in awareness among asylum-seekers. While the law provides for the possibility of a legal counsel\n(at the expense of the applicant), no asylum-seekers have availed themselves of this right to date. The\nappeal procedure has not yet been implemented because of capacity and resource constraints. While this\nleaves first instance rejected asylum-seekers without effective legal remedy, they are, in practice, not\nexpelled or deported from the country. Most RSD-related work, including the positions of most eligibility\nofficers, is fully funded by UNHCR, and not regularized in the Government\u2019s planning, budgeting, and\nhuman resource systems. This poses risks to sustainability.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\n[The 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) provides asylum-seekers with the right to stay in the\ncountry with an asylum-seeker attestation, which is valid for six months (renewable) and has the status of\na temporary residence permit (pending adjudication of the case). Once refugee status is granted, whether\nthrough prima facie or individual RSD approaches, the decree stipulates that refugees have the right to\nstay in the country with a valid refugee ID card. In practice, the refugee ID card is provided to refugees of\n15 years and older while all refugees receive refugee attestations recording household composition which\nalso give them the right to stay. Refugee household attestations are valid for one year; individual refugee\nID cards are valid for five years (renewable) and have the status of a residence permit. The refugee ID\ncards and household attestations are issued by ONARS with support from UNHCR. The process for\nrenewing asylum-seeker and refugee attestations and refugee ID cards is facilitated by UNHCR and\nONARS and is without delays or other challenges. Furthermore, in cases where law enforcement authorities\ncome across asylum-seekers or refugees with expired attestations or IDs, they are referred to ONARS for\nrenewal and not expelled or deported.\n\n\nThe 2017 Refugee Law provides for the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement in line\nwith international standards. From June 2019 - 30 June 2020 there have been no known cases of unlawful\ntermination of refugee status by way of cancellation, revocation or cessation; no cases of recognized\nrefugees being expelled on national security or public order grounds; and no reported cases of refoulement.\nHowever, following a terrorist attack in May 2014, the Somali-Djiboutian border point (Loyada) has been\nofficially closed, hence asylum-seekers are obliged to enter the country through unofficial border points.\nSince 2008, the Eritrean-Djiboutian border has also been closed and Eritrean asylum-seekers are obliged\nto enter the country via military checkpoints. From March to June 2020, all land, sea and air borders were\nclosed for persons as part of Government measures to curb the spread of COVID-19.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[The institutional framework for refugee management is provided for by the 2017 Refugee Law, the 2017](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\n[Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights,](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) the [2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan](about:blank) and its [coordination mechanism.](https://teams.microsoft.com/l/file/4BB495D1-6BAC-4BAF-A1A8-28546D1E30AB?tenantId=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&fileType=pdf&objectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%2FShared%20Documents%2FRefugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)%2FData%20collection%20templates%20-%20RPRF%2FDjibouti%2FDocuments%2FM%C3%A9canismes%20de%20facilitation%20CRRF%20%C3%A0%20Djibouti%20FR.pdf&baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate&serviceName=teams&threadId=19:c4c08892c23a468b8829b4d19c16502d@thread.skype&groupId=1e3dd932-ee2d-442b-b2d5-d97d9711413a)\nThe draft 2020\u20132023 ONARS Strategy would further complement the policy base. The [2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\nprovides the Ministry of Interior (MoI) with the overall mandate for refugee affairs and tasks ONARS to\n[execute and coordinate this on a daily basis. The 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights,](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) details\naccess to the rights within the respective areas of responsibility of each Ministry.\n\n\nThere are no provisions in the [2017 Refugee Law and related decrees on how these roles and responsibilities](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\nare to be coordinated and operationalized among Government entities and with various partners. However,\nthe [2017\u20132022 CRRF Action Plan](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/Djibouti%20Plan%20d%E2%80%99Action%20National%20CRRF%20%282017%29.pdf) sets out an intergovernmental, multi-partner coordination mechanism to\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nfacilitate its implementation. It includes a Steering Committee co-chaired by UNHCR and MoI and including\nrepresentatives from refugee and host communities, national NGOs, donors, the United Nations, the\nWorld Bank and international NGOs. The Steering Committee is complemented at the technical level with\na working group and sector-specific groups on protection, health, education, social protection and water\nand sanitation. The Secretariat is provided by ONARS with support from UNHCR. The Steering Committee\nhas not met since February 2020, but its working groups and some sector specific groups meet regularly.\nA sub-national level structure is not set out on paper but exists in practice in the form of information\nsharing meetings (operational decisions are not taken at this level).\n\n\nThe CRRF Steering Committee and working groups officially include refugee representatives who could\nprovide input and feedback from refugees on actions and decisions that concern them. This has not\nhappened in practice as the Steering Committee has not met since 2019 and refugee representatives\nhave not been attending the working groups.\n\n\nInputs and feedback from refugees on actions and decisions from ONARS, other government entities,\nUNHCR and other national and international partners are received through the refugee community-based\ngovernance structures. In the refugee villages, these structures consist of a Refugee Central Committee\n(RCC), a women\u2019s committee, a dispute resolution committee, children and GBV committees. In Djibouti\nCity, this consists of a RCC. These committees are functional and meet with ONARS, UNHCR and other\nnational and international partners on a regular basis. Members of the RCCs include a president, a vicepresident, a representative of each nationality group, and a sectoral representative, all elected by refugees\nthemselves. The president of the leadership group in the Holl Holl refugee village as at 30 June 2020 was\nfemale. In most other groups the vice presidents are female. On yearly basis, UNHCR leads an interagency age, gender, diversity participatory assessment among refugees to gather views on gaps, needs\nand solutions. The assessments feed into UNHCR programming for the following year and are shared with\nthe government and national and international partners to inform their programming.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census in Djibouti. First steps have\nbeen taken to include refugees in administrative data collection systems. Since the 2016/2017 academic\nyear, refugee education data has been integrated into the national Education Management Information\nSystem (EMIS) (See also: Education Statistical Annual Abstracts (ESAA)). There is one example of an initial\nstep towards the inclusion of refugees in national survey data (in this case, with the prospect of including\nrefugees in the national social registry). In September 2019, the Ministry of Social Affairs, and the National\nInstitute of Statistics, with support from UNHCR and WFP, launched a socioeconomic profiling exercise of\nall refugees and asylum-seekers to calculate the minimum expenditure basket. The same survey\nmethodology was applied as that used by the Ministry of Social Affairs for Djiboutians, with the primary\ngoal of assessing how many refugees would be eligible to enter the social security system, notably the\nPASS and the PNSF social safety nets. The survey was initially expected to be completed by August 2020.\nThe Government is currently drafting a new National Development Plan and has made a policy commitment\nat the 2019 Global Refugee Forum (GRF) to include refugees. At sectoral level, the 2020\u20132024 National\nHealth Plan, finalized in 2020, makes specific reference to refugees\u2019 access to health services and to\nspecific health programmes (TB, HIV, RSH, nutrition and malaria, etc.) and the National Education Plan also\nincludes refugees.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[Based on the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights and practice, registered asylum-seekers are](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nprovided with an asylum-seeker attestation, refugees of 15 years and older with a refugee ID card, and all\n[refugees with a refugee household attestations (see also section 2.2). The 2017 Decree on the Asylum](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-409&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\n[Procedure provides that the ONARS eligibility desk is responsible for the registration of asylum-seekers](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-409&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nand the issuance of official personal documentation to registered asylum-seekers and refugees. In\npractice, this is done jointly by ONARS and UNHCR. All registered asylum-seekers and refugees are in\npossession of personal attestation documents and 100 per cent of all recognized refugees over 15 years\nold are in possession of refugee ID cards. Law enforcement authorities generally recognize asylum-seeker\nattestations, refugee household attestations and refugee ID cards. Other relevant national and sub\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Statistical Annual Abstracts", - "confidence": 0.5856693387031555, - "start": 458, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ESAA", - "confidence": 0.5654553174972534, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7793450951576233, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national survey data", - "confidence": 0.77916020154953, - "start": 481, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7061771154403687, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9069983959197998, - "start": 533, - "end": 536 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nnational authorities and the private sector entities increasingly recognize attestations and refugee ID\ncards, although challenges still persist (see section 3.4).\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights provide refugees with the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nright to civil documentation as set out in the 1951 Convention. The 1951 Convention stipulates that this right\nshall be governed by the laws of the asylum country and that previously acquired rights shall be respected.\n[The 2018 Civil Code stipulates that regular birth registration must be done within three days of the birth,](about:blank)\nwhile late birth registration goes through a jugement suppl\u00e9tif. In practice, civil status authorities have\nbeen flexible to extend the registration to beyond three days. The Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Population is\nresponsible for all civil status matters. In 2013, birth registration started for refugees born in Djibouti but\nthose born in Djibouti before 2013 do not have access to the jugement suppl\u00e9tif procedure in practice.\nThis is mainly due to accessibility challenges, including financial obstacles, for this judiciary procedure\nsets for late birth registration of persons born in Djibouti. ONARS is responsible for the purchase of stamps\non behalf of refugees and asylum-seekers registered in the villages to facilitate issuance of birth certificates\nby civil status departments at regional level.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nParticipatory assessments conducted by UNHCR in 2020 found comparable levels of safety between\nrefugees and host communities.\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights accord refugees the same](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\nright as nationals as regards access to law enforcement and justice. This includes access to legal\ncounselling and assistance, and access to the \u201cMa\u2019adoun al Charia\u201d which is accredited under the Ministry\nof Justice to render decisions pertaining to personal status (see also [Law No 136/AN/11/6\u00e8me concerning](https://justice.gouv.dj/pages/DetailPages/45)\n[legal and judiciary aid,](https://justice.gouv.dj/pages/DetailPages/45) [2002 Family Code and](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/drs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate/Shared%20Documents/Refugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)/FINAL%20RPRFs/Baseline%20as%20of%2030%20June%202020/Djibouti/CodeFamille.pdf) [Law No 169/AN/02/4\u00e8me on organization and competence](https://www.presidence.dj/PresidenceOld/LES%20TEXTES/loi169an02.htm)\nof Al-Ma\u2019adoun Al chari).\n\n\nIn practice access to justice is limited for both refugees and host communities, mainly due to poor judicial\ninfrastructure, affordability, limited legal representation and a lack of basic knowledge of procedures on\nthe part of refugees (see e.g. [2020 Justice Support Programme). UNHCR participatory assessments](https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/DJI/PRODOC%20EU%20JUSTICE.pdf)\nindicate that refugees tend to prefer traditional dispute resolution mechanisms that are easier to access.\n[Vision Djibouti 2035 sets out strategic directions to improve access to justice across the country but, apart](https://www.ccd.dj/w2017/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Vision-Nationale.pdf)\nfrom a few mobile court sessions, implementation of the strategic directions in refugee hosting areas is\nlimited. UNHCR has partnerships with a national NGO to improve refugee access to the Maadoun al\nCharia, mobile courts hearing, and legal assistance for GBV cases in line with the national vision.\n\n\n[Various relevant laws to prevent and address gender-based violence (GBV) are in place, including: the](https://www.presidence.dj/PresidenceOld/LES%20TEXTES/decr0038pr95.htm)\n[Criminal Code,](https://www.presidence.dj/PresidenceOld/LES%20TEXTES/decr0038pr95.htm) [the Family Code](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/drs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate/Shared%20Documents/Refugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)/FINAL%20RPRFs/Baseline%20as%20of%2030%20June%202020/Djibouti/CodeFamille.pdf) [and the Child Protection Code. These policies are applicable to refugee](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/99276/118428/F-772599564/DJI-99276.pdf)\nhosting areas and do not exclude refugees. The criminal code provides for protection from torture and\nabuse, as well as from sexual violence, but does not explicitly criminalize domestic violence.\n\n\nIn practice, policy implementation has shortcomings and access to relevant services is limited for both\nrefugee and host community GBV survivors. Furthermore, while the law does criminalize GBV, refugee\nand host communities often settle GBV cases through traditional justice practices, such as payment of a\nsymbolic amount to the victim\u2019s family without consulting or compensating the victim. It is generally\nacknowledged that exploitation, abuse and violence against women and girls, including refugees, is of\nconcern in Djibouti with particular risk for female domestic workers. In 2018, the Government agreed with\na recommendation from the 2018 United Nations Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic Review to\ntake steps to increase the protection afforded to women and girl refugees against violence, including by\nincreasing the number of law enforcement officials in refugee villages, and providing effective care for\nwomen and girls who are victims of violence. The Government has not yet started implementation of this\nrecommendation. However, UNHCR supports national NGOs with the implementation of GBV prevention\nand response programmes in refugee villages that are aligned with the national GBV strategy.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "birth registration", - "confidence": 0.9526842832565308, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.762939453125, - "start": 270, - "end": 271 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.9757559299468994, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.984788179397583, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8386164903640747, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Participatory assessments", - "confidence": 0.7727326154708862, - "start": 266, - "end": 268 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7264553308486938, - "start": 270, - "end": 271 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5205745697021484, - "start": 286, - "end": 287 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.959565281867981, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5270503759384155, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR participatory assessments", - "confidence": 0.9746519327163696, - "start": 462, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9425696730613708, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9786672592163086, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) accords refugees the right\nto move freely within Djibouti and choose their place of residence on the same basis as nationals. These\nrights are well respected by authorities. Only refugees that are registered in the refugee villages can\nbenefit from humanitarian assistance. As such, 81 per cent of the refugees are registered in one of three\nrefugee villages, in and around which they also have their place of residence and daily movements. One\nor more members of the refugee household might also move elsewhere for income generating\npurposes.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe [2017 Refugee Law and the](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights accords refugees the same](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n)\nrights and obligations as set out for nationals in national labour legislation. This includes any national\nlegislation relating to workers protections and the right to open a business and register it in one\u2019s own\nname. The 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights also stipulate that the\nasylum-seeker attestation and refugee ID card are, to all legal intents and purposes, equivalent to a work\npermit. As explained under section 2.3, all registered asylum-seekers and refugees are in the possession\nof attestations and/or refugee ID cards.\n\n\nHowever, with an estimated national unemployment rate of 40 percent, full enjoyment of the right to work\nis challenging even for nationals. Refugees face additional challenges such as lack of awareness among\npotential employers of asylum-seekers and refugees\u2019 right to work, including the work permit status of the\nasylum-seeker attestations and refugee ID cards and lack of (relevant) skills for some of them. In particular,\nasylum-seeker attestations are often not recognized or accepted among employers. This is also caused\nby a lack of awareness among potential employers, including from private sector, on the right for asylumseekers and refugees to work in wage-earning employment in Djibouti.\n\n\n[Since 2001, the Government of Djibouti has created a \u201cGuichet Unique\u201d or \u201cOne-stop Shop\u201d that facilitates](http://www.guichet-unique.dj/)\nthe procedures required to open a business. The procedure takes three days to open and register a\nbusiness legally. While reliable statistics are not available, UNHCR is anecdotally aware that many Yemeni\nrefugees have used the Guichet Unique to register businesses and benefited from cancellation of the\nlicence fees. In 2017, the Government adopted legislation cancelling the payment of licences for all new\nbusinesses.\n\n\nWorkers protections are set out in the Labour Code (Code du Travail) adopted in 1992. Refugees are not\nexplicitly mentioned but the Labour Code also applies to them as set out above. The International Labour\nOrganization (ILO) and the International Trade Union Confederation (IFTUC) have expressed concerns\nabout the implementation of workers\u2019 rights in general and migrant workers in particular. The Government\nis working towards improvements.\n\n\nThe [2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) and the [2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) also give refugees the same\nrights as any nationals as regards practising a profession and skills development opportunities. To exercise\na liberal profession, refugees and asylum-seekers must apply for authorization from the public authorities.\n\n\nRefugees\u2019 professional certificates/diplomas are recognized on the same level as those of other foreigners.\nTo this day, no data is available either from the government, from private entities or from refugees, on the\nextent to which refugees have accessed these rights in practice compared to foreigners.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) provides refugees with the\nright to property in line with the provisions of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.\n\n\nNo data is available on how many refugees might have exercised their right to access land in Djibouti,\nwhether they faced practical barriers in doing so and how these compare to nationals of a foreign country\nin the same circumstances.\n\n\nIn the refugee villages, refugees live in emergency shelters, semi-permanent and permanent structures\nprovided by UNHCR through implementing partners. Only 10 per cent and 12 per cent of households in Ali\nAddeh and Holl Holl refugee villages, respectively, live in permanent structures. All refugees in Markazi\nlive in permanent structures that are equipped with running water and connected to electricity through\ngenerators.\n\n\nRefugees living in Djibouti City are responsible for arranging their own accommodation. They are generally\nrenting houses. A few cases are known to be squatting or have no permanent place to stay. UNHCR\nsupports a few particularly vulnerable refugees. No further data is available on how many refugees might\nhave exercised their right to purchase, lease or use housing and immovable property in Djibouti, whether\nthey faced practical barriers in doing so and, if so, how these barriers compare with those facing other\nforeign nationals under the same circumstances.\n\n\nPublic/social housing programmes exist in Djibouti and are managed by the _Agence de R\u00e9habilitation_\n_Urbaine et du Logement Social (ARULOS)_ . So far, UNHCR is not aware of any refugees accessing these\nprogrammes. However, a Government programme on slum upgrading has been approved for financing by\nthe WBG in 2018. This programme specifically seeks to facilitate refugee access to improved social\ninfrastructure once implementation starts.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) provide refugees with the\nright to open bank accounts, to access financial services and to access mobile money/mobile phone\nbanking in the same way as the country\u2019s nationals.\n\n\nIn July 2018, the Central Bank of Djibouti issued an administrative regulation to allow refugees to open\nbank accounts based on their asylum-seeker attestations and refugee ID cards. In practice, refugee ID\ncards are recognized by commercial banks to open a bank account and access financial services.\n\n\nSimilarly, in 2018 an internal circular was sent by the headquarter of Djibouti Telecom to their branches to\nfacilitate refugee/ asylum-seeker access to register a SIM card based on their asylum-seeker attestations\nand refugee ID cards. Access to registering SIM cards is generally provided for refugees based on their\nrefugee ID cards, whereas asylum-seekers tend to be denied this access based on their asylum-seeker\nattestation. That said, informal workarounds are commonly practised, and both asylum-seekers and\nrefugees generally find ways of accessing mobile connectivity. Mobile money and mobile banking are a\nrecent innovation in Djibouti. There is presently no data to confirm whether refugees have de jure or de\nfacto access to these services.\n\n\nThere is no policy that provides refugees with the right to obtain key administrative documents or\ncertifications that might enhance their access employment and other socioeconomic opportunities. In\npractice, ONARS and UNHCR have generally, but not systematically, been able to successfully advocate\nfor refugee access to key administrative documents such as driving licences or certificates from private\nsector training.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[The 2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) [and the 2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) provides refugees with the\nright to enrol in primary, secondary and tertiary schools as well as vocational training under the same\nconditions as the country\u2019s nationals.\n\n\nIn August 2017, UNHCR concluded a partnership agreement with the Ministry of Education to facilitate\nenrolment in national schools for refugees that are living in the refugee villages. In Djibouti city, UNHCR\ndoes not facilitate access to national education system. UNHCR does observe that refugees have been\nable to enrol themselves in schools based on the refugee ID card. However, there is no reliable data on\nthe actual number of refugees that do this, whether they faced practical barriers in doing so and how\nthese compare to nationals.\n\n\n[In December 2017, Djibouti, along with the other IGAD member states, adopted the Djibouti Declaration](https://igad.int/attachments/article/1725/Djibouti%20Declaration%20on%20Refugee%20Education.pdf)\n[on education for refugees, returnees and host communities, a non-binding legal instrument on the](https://igad.int/attachments/article/1725/Djibouti%20Declaration%20on%20Refugee%20Education.pdf)\ncommitments to deliver quality education and include these groups in their national legal framework and\neducational systems. During the United Nations Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic Review of\n2018, the Government supported a recommendation made to Djibouti to continue to work with international\npartners to improve access to basic services in the refugee villages.\n\n\nEducation policies do not provide for specialized services (such as accessible learning services, accelerated\neducation, language training, remedial learning programmes, catching-up programmes, psychosocial\nsupport) for host community and refugee children as may be necessary. Data on access to specialized\nservices for nationals is not known to UNHCR. As for refugees, specialized services are being provided by\nUNHCR and implementing partners in the refugee villages. Programmes include the Ministry of Education\nand Professional Training (MENFOP) in Ali Addeh, the ALP (Accelerated learning programme) for new\narrivals and the SNE (Special needs education) for children with disabilities.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nThe [2017 Refugee Law](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n) and the [2017 Decree on Refugee Fundamental Rights](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) provides refugees with\naccess to the publicly financed health-care system under the same conditions as the country\u2019s nationals.\nThe 2020\u20132024 National Health Development Plan confirms refugees\u2019 access to health, but often blurs\nthe line between refugees, migrants and nomads, which, in some instances, undermines refugees\u2019 legal\nrights to health on the same basis as nationals.\n\n\nSince 2018, UNHCR has been transitioning from NGO-provided primary health care to a partnership with\nthe Ministry of Health (MoH) to include refugees in the national health system. UNHCR and MoH have a\npartnership agreement through which funds are allocated to the Ministry to take charge of all primaryhealth-related services accessible to refugees and asylum-seekers, as well as to host communities. Such\na move is also supported in Ali Addeh through the Improving Health Sector Performance Project Second\nAdditional Financing supported by the World Bank.\n\n\nEach refugee village is equipped with one health centre at which primary health care is provided. MoH\nfinances secondary and tertiary level health-care services for refugees registered in the refugee villages\nfrom the national health budget. Referrals are made by the health centre doctor to secondary and tertiary\nlevel facilities in Djibouti City, following which refugees can access services free of charge based on\npresentation of their attestation. Refugees with specific needs that are living in Djibouti City can also\naccess public health facilities in Djibouti city free of charge upon presentation of their attestation. This\nmeans that, in practice, refugees registered and living in refugee villages, as well as refugees with specific\nneeds registered in Djibouti City have better access than nationals or refugees without specific needs\nregistered in Djibouti City, who have to present proof of insurance or pay in cash.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on access to specialized\nservices for nationals", - "confidence": 0.5350903868675232, - "start": 321, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.763085126876831, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Djibouti", - "confidence": 0.6052782535552979, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8434821367263794, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nFollowing concerns expressed in 2019 in relation to refugee access to health care following the transition\nto MoH in terms of staffing, essential medicines, data collection, reporting and referrals, MoH, with support\nof UNHCR and the World Health Organization (WHO), took a number of measures. This included the\nprocurement of essential medicines by UNHCR on behalf of MoH to ensure a regular medicine supply to\nhealth facilities in the refugee villages. While refugees continue to raise issues concerning their access to\nquality health care services, the situation has improved.\n\n\nMOH provides sexual and reproductive health services to both nationals and refugees. Services are\nprovided at primary as well as referral level. Health centres in the refugee settlements are equipped to\nperform maternal health follow-up, except in Obock where the district hospital performs said follow-up for\npregnant and lactating women from Markazi refugee village. Gaps do however exist such as in rural health\ncentres, where the availability of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits is limited, and rape survivors have\nto be referred to higher-level facilities to access the service.\n\n\nRefugee enrolment in the national public health insurance system has not yet started but is provided for\nin law. Refugees\u2019 health care costs in the publicly financed health system are currently covered by UNHCR\nand MoH. The Government is drafting a decree that will make it possible for asylum-seekers and refugees\n[to enrol in the Social Health Assistance Programme which aims to ensure access to the national public](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/95524/112495/F544281799/DJI-95524.pdf)\n[health insurance](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/95524/112495/F544281799/DJI-95524.pdf) for the poorest categories of populations in Djibouti (those without income).\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nRefugees access national social services on the same basis as nationals under [Decree No 137/2020/PR/MASS.](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2020-137&ID2=2020-07-08&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=13&ID5=2020-07-13&ID6=n)\nThis provides for the inclusion of refugees in public social protection programmes, including registration in the\nsocial registry so that they can access social safety nets that include specific support for key vulnerable groups\nand public health insurance. While institutions are not reluctant to include refugees in their social protection\nprogrammes, they often lack the funding and capacity to do so. External aid and UNHCR projects help make\nup this gap in coverage. For example, a public health programme set up by the Ministry of Health provides\nvulnerable and chronically ill urban refugees with free access to health care at public health centres and followup support. Other programmes managed by NGOs and WFP provide nutrition support to the elderly and\nwheelchairs for persons with disabilities. A NGO project has also constructed disability friendly access to\nschools in villages. For the future, access to the social registry and associated support is ongoing via the\nMinistry of Social Affairs and Solidarity. There are also ongoing discussions with the National Agency for\nPersons with Disabilities that build on the Refugee Law and the Social Protection Decree to give refugees with\ndisabilities new access to national activities, including a registry managed by ANPH.\n\n\nONARS, MASS, WFP and UNHCR are holding discussions on how to align aid and humanitarian assistance with\nsocial protection systems. The aim of the socioeconomic profiling exercise described in section 2.3 is precisely\nto facilitate refugee inclusion in the social registry. However, these discussions are progressing slowly including\nbecause of coordination challenges among public institutions and, as well as capacity and resource gaps as\nregards comprehensive analysis and policymaking. Delays have been exacerbated by COVID-19 impacts.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nA range of policies, standards and services exists for the protection of Djiboutian children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children, victims of trafficking in persons, survivors of gender-based violence\n[and other children with special needs. In conjunction with the 2017 Refugee Law and the 2017 Decree on](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=159&ID2=2017-01-05&ID3=Loi&ID4=1&ID5=2017-01-15&ID6=n)\n[Refugee Fundamental Rights,](https://www.presidence.dj/texte.php?ID=2017-410&ID2=2017-12-07&ID3=D%E9cret&ID4=23&ID5=2017-12-14&ID6=n) these policies apply equally to refugee groups in the same situation.\n\n\nHowever, access to relevant services is limited for both nationals and refugees because of shortcomings\nin policies and resources as well as in implementation. There are child protection laws in place but there\nis not a unique referral mechanism for all children at risk. Referral pathways for refugee children at risk are\nrefugee specific under the lead of an international NGO, through a UNHCR partnership. In general, there\nis a lack of capacity and resources, especially in rural areas, with which to develop and implement a\nstreamlined referral pathway for all children at risk (nationals, refugees, and migrants). Similarly, there are\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\nlaws and policies to protect victims of trafficking, but implementation is weak. During the 2018 United\nNations Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Period Review, the Government did support a recommendation\nto enhance its efforts to fight against trafficking of persons.\n\n\nAs mentioned in sub-dimension 2.5 above, access to relevant services is limited for GBV survivors.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nIn Djibouti, international conventions and national laws and decrees promote gender equality and gender\nrelated principles. Significant progress has been made so far: young girls are more and more educated,\nwomen are represented in decision-making bodies, the fight against female genital mutilation (FGM) has\ngiven rise to results with the reduction of cases, and the empowerment of women is perceptible through\ncooperatives and mutual insurance entities (mutuelles) in the regions. Nevertheless, there are gender\nrelated differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation in the majority of policy\nsub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**, including social cohesion, the meaningful\nparticipation of women in community-based leadership, beyond their formal inclusion by quotas.\n\n\nii. **Institutional framework for refugee management**, the absence of a gender lens in programming.\n\n\niii. **Protection for vulnerable groups**, the gaps in the prevention and response to sexual and genderbased violence, including for persons with acute specific and particularly high needs.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to gender in\nthe majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Rights to work and rights at work**, specific disadvantages for asylum-seekers vis-\u00e0-vis recognized\nrefugees as regards the recognition of asylum-seeker attestations by employers.\n\n\nii. **Access to civil registration and documentation**, facilitated access to late birth registration and\ncertification for refugees and asylum-seekers born in Djibouti before 2013 who lack birth certificates.\n\n\niii. **Education**, lack of targeted support for refugee children with special needs such as disability and agerelated needs.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(Ratification date: 9 Aug 1977)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Djibouti Declaration on Refugee Education, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-reliance, 2019 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Nairobi Declaration on Somali Refugees, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003]\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **D J I B O U T I**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c455a688-fbb6-36aa-b5ab-70f490010c31/Djibouti%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_327/raw/doc_327_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_327/raw/doc_327_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ccbe756a2f51250e60c311189b3506b707d595b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_327/raw/doc_327_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,361 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **TABLE OF** **CONTENT**\n\n01 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY **4**\n\n\n02 | INTRODUCTION **5**\n\n\n03 | METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS **6**\n\n\n04 | BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS AND DISPLACEMENT PATTERN **9**\n\n\n05 | ANALYSIS OF FACT FINDINGS ON THE PROSPECTS OF DURABLE SOLUTIONS **10**\n\n\n06 | CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS **19**\n\n\n07 | REFERENCES **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**EXECUTIVE**\n**SUMMARY**\n\n\nThis paper assesses the prospects for durable solutions\nfor internally displaced persons (IDPs) across the\nNigerian states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY\nstates). Analysis is based on research conducted by the\nInformation Management and Analysis Cell (IMAC) and\ncovers four locations in Borno State (Jere/MMC, Banki,\nBama, and Gwoza), three locations in Adamawa State\n(Yola-North, Girei, and Hong), and three locations in Yobe\nState (Damaturu, Gulani, and Geidam).\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 successful return and integration in BAY states\nhinges on recognizing diverse preferences among IDP\ncommunities and fostering an environment that can\nprovide security, access to essential services, social\ncohesion, and economic opportunities. A coordinated\nand collaborative approach among all stakeholders is\nessential to meeting these goals. By prioritizing these\nfactors, policymakers and practitioners can help IDP\ncommunities rebuild their lives and contribute to longterm development. Among the key findings of this report\nare that most IDPs expressed a desire to return to locations\nfrom which they were originally displaced; IDPs struggle\nto access basic needs and livelihood opportunities,\ndespite having professional skills compatible with local\nlabor needs; many IDPs are concerned about security\nand adequate housing and favor government-led\ninterventions to address the lack of adequate housing;\nIDPs often struggle to obtain adequate state-issued\ndocumentation; and that IDPs encounter barriers when\nattempting to participate in electoral processes.\n\n\nPhoto: OCHA/Manal Massalha\n\n\n_**IDPs\u2019 successful return and integration in the**_\n\n_**BAY states hinges on effectively managing the**_\n\n_**aforementioned challenges and recognising varying**_\n\n_**preferences among IDP communities**_\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "preferences among IDP communities", - "confidence": 0.6722179651260376, - "start": 317, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY STATES", - "confidence": 0.8370683789253235, - "start": 329, - "end": 331 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP communities", - "confidence": 0.6357232928276062, - "start": 319, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**INTRODUCTION**\n**01**\n\n\n\nResidents in the Nigerian states of Borno, Adamawa,\n\nand Yobe (BAY states) face significant challenges due\n\nto the ongoing conflict with Boko Haram and other\n\ninsurgent groups. This has resulted in many internally\n\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) seeking refuge across northeast\n\nNigeria. [1] The Displacement Tracking Matrix [2] estimates\n\nthere are about 2.2 million IDPs in BAY states, with 82%\n\nresiding in Borno State and the remaining 18% spread\n\nacross Adamawa State and Yobe State. Moreover, 8% of\n\ndisplacements (about 189,000 IDPs) occurred in 2021,\n\nand 5% of the IDP population (about 120,000 IDPs) have\n\nbeen displaced since the beginning of 2022. [3] These\n\nfigures paint an unsettling portrait of an unrelenting\n\nconflict, which etches its indelible mark upon the lives of\n\nthe affected population.\n\n\nThis paper assesses the viability and prospects for\n\nIDP return and reintegration in BAY states. A return is\n\nconsidered viable when it provides a \u201cdurable solution\u201d [4 ]\n\nto displacement, specifically reintegration in an IDP\u2019s\n\nhome community, integration in host communities, or\n\nintegration in another location. A durable solution entails\n\nIDPs not facing major hurdles to ending their status\n\nof being displaced and can be assessed using criteria\n\noutlined in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)\n\nFramework. [5]\n\n\nThe challenge of implementing durable solutions for IDPs\n\nis complicated by the ongoing conflict with insurgent\n\ngroups and the complex security situation within the\n\nstudy area. Consequently, the focus of humanitarian\n\ninterventions is predominantly emergency oriented.\n\nAlthough the IASC Framework outlines core principles and\n\nroutes to durable solutions, the volatile context in BAY\n\nstates presents significant obstacles to addressing IDPs\u2019\n\nspecific assistance and protection needs. Sustainable\n\nreintegration, local integration, or integration in another\n\npart of Nigeria entails engaging in a highly complex\n\nprocess. As such, the humanitarian community must\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\nadapt and respond to the immediate needs of IDPs in\n\nBAY states while striving to lay the groundwork for more\n\ndurable solutions as the situation evolves.\n\n\nDespite these challenges, the Borno State Government\n\nis planning to shut down IDP camps and facilitate the\n\nreturn or relocation of IDPs to their communities of\n\norigin or other secure areas. The government plan\n\nentails improving security, rebuilding infrastructure, and\n\nsupporting IDP reintegration into society. The governing\n\nauthorities\u2019 approach has raised concerns among\n\nhumanitarian organizations and IDPs, who are concerned\n\nabout the security situation in IDPs\u2019 original communities\n\nand the availability of basic services such as healthcare,\n\neducation, and livelihood opportunities, primarily farming.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**METHODOLOGY**\n**02**\n**AND LIMITATIONS**\n\n\n**2.1 FACT FINDINGS**\n**METHODOLOGY**\n\n\n\nThis report employs a qualitative research approach and\n\nliterature review of primary and secondary sources to\n\nassess the prospects for IDP returns and integration in\n\nBAY states.\n\n\nLITERATURE REVIEW:\n\nThe Information Management and Analysis Cell (IMAC) [6]\n\nconducted a comprehensive review of available\n\nliterature, including academic articles, reports, policy\n\nbriefs, and news articles that cover historical context,\n\nkey challenges, and potential opportunities for IDPs in\n\nBAY states.\n\n\nDATA ANALYSIS:\n\nQualitative data collection through Focus Group\n\nDiscussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KII)\n\nwas carried out over six months, from September\n\n2022 to February 2023. Data was collected in selected\n\ncommunities in BAY States, and respondents cut across\n\nIDPs (in and out of camps), returnees (displaced and\n\nreturned to their initial communities) and host community\n\nmembers (not displaced). All respondents were 18 years\n\nand older and comprised camp leaders, community/\n\ntraditional leaders, female-headed households, religious\n\nleaders, humanitarian actors, IDPs/non-IDPs, and\n\ngovernment officials (where present).\n\n\nFGD participants were stratified by sex (Male/Female)\n\nand age groups (18-35 younger adults: 36+ older adults).\n\nThe questionnaire used in FGDs was formulated to\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\ngauge the progress of eight durable solutions criteria:\n\na) long-term safety and security, b) adequate standard\n\nof living, c) access to livelihoods and employment,\n\nd) effective and accessible mechanisms to restore\n\nhousing, land, and property, e) access to personal and\n\nother documentation, f) voluntary family reunification\n\nwith family members separated during displacement, g)\n\nparticipation in public affairs, and h) access to effective\n\nremedies and justice. [7]\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.8670724034309387, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "gauge the progress of eight durable solutions criteria", - "confidence": 0.728904128074646, - "start": 264, - "end": 272 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY States", - "confidence": 0.5068438649177551, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n\n**DISTRIBUTION OF**\n\nSURVEY FORMS\n\n\nKey informants\n\n\nGroup discussions\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBorno\n\n\nAdamawa\n\n\nYobe\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2.2 LIMITATIONS**\n\n\nThis report acknowledges several limitations:\n\n\nAccess to reliable data is limited in BAY states due to\n\nongoing conflict. Obtaining reliable and up-to-date\n\ndata takes time and effort, which could result in\n\nanalysis gaps or an incomplete understanding of the\n\ncurrent situation.\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 status in BAY states is constantly evolving, largely\n\ndue to changes in security dynamics, politics, and\n\nhumanitarian conditions. As a result, the findings\n\nand recommendations of this report may need to be\n\nupdated in the future.\n\n\nThe opinions included in this report are inherently\n\nsubjective and may be influenced by individual biases\n\nor perspectives. While efforts have been made to\n\ninclude a diverse range of opinions, the analysis may\n\nstill be influenced by some level of bias.\n\n\nIt is essential to recognize that IDP situations can\n\nvary significantly between different communities and\n\nlocalities and that context-specific solutions may be\n\nnecessary.\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS AND**\n**03**\n**DISPLACEMENT PATTERN**\n\n\n\nOver 3.9 million people have been displaced in BAY states\n\nsince 2014. Nine years later, 44% of former IDPs (1.7 million\n\npeople) have returned to their area of origin or resettled\n\nelsewhere, while 56% remain internally displaced (2.2\n\nmillion people). Among these are an estimated 1.3 million\n\nchildren and 500,000 women, the majority of whom face\n\nthe prospect of protracted displacement and reside in\n\nout-of-camp settings.\n\n\nAccording to the DTM, an overwhelming majority\n\n(95%) of IDPs identified conflict as the principal source\n\nof their displacement, which aligns with results from\n\nearlier research. Communal disputes accounted for\n\nthe displacement of 5% of IDPs. Cases involving natural\n\ndisasters (such as floods), banditry, and skirmishes\n\nbetween farmers and herders, contributed to less than\n\n1% of total displacement.\n\n\n\nIDPs in BAY states face an array of challenges. Rural\n\ncommunities, which are primarily reliant on agriculture\n\nfor their livelihoods, constitute the majority of IDPs.\n\nMost of these communities lack the necessary resources\n\nand infrastructure to counter violence which either led\n\nto their displacement or violence incurred during their\n\ndisplacement. Women and children \u2013 who comprise\n\na sizeable portion of the displaced population \u2013 are, in\n\nparticular, faced with adversity during displacement,\n\nincluding a heightened risk of gender-based violence\n\n(GBV), diminished access to education, and increased\n\nvulnerability to exploitation and trafficking. Elderly and\n\ndisabled individuals, often struggling to access essential\n\nservices, are particularly susceptible to hardships\n\nassociated with displacement as their unique needs\n\ntypically require specialized care and attention.\n\n\n\n**3.1 DYNAMICS OF DISPLACEMENT**\n**ACROSS STATES:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**04**\n\n\n\nDURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**ANALYSIS OF FACT FINDING ON**\n**THE PROSPECTS OF DURABLE**\n**SOLUTIONS**\n\n\n\n**4.1 PREFERRED LOCATION OF**\n**RESIDENCE**\n\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 settlement options in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe\n\nare influenced by their preferences, available resources,\n\nand security concerns. In Banki, a community in Bama\n\nLocal Government Area (LGA) in Borno State, all IDP\n\nrespondents in the FGD survey expressed a desire to\n\nreturn to their locations of origin. However, the Borno\n\nState Government\u2019s plan to close IDP camps and\n\nrelocate residents has raised concerns over security\n\nand vulnerability among IDPs (Center for Civilians in\n\nConflict, 2021). Similarly, IDPs in the returned community\n\nof Kasugula and those in the GSSSS IDP camp in Bama\n\nLGA, both in Borno State, stated they want to move to\n\nother parts of Bama LGA. Displaced persons living in the\n\ncommunities of Madinatu, Mairi, and Fori in Jere LGA\n\nalso expressed a desire to return to their communities\n\nof origin. In Adamawa State, respondents across all\n\ncategories preferred relocating to other areas, while in\n\nYobe State, most respondents wanted to return to their\n\nlocations of origin, with a few preferring relocations within\n\nthe same LGA.\n\n\nAll respondents in the Banki community indicated that\n\nIDPs have plans to relocate within six to twelve months.\n\nOpinions among respondents in the Kasugula ward and\n\nGSSSS IDP camp in Bama were divided. Some believed\n\nthat IDPs had plans to relocate, while others disagreed.\n\nMost respondents wanted to return to their communities\n\nof origin, hoping that security conditions would improve.\n\nOne IDP in Banki explained, \u201cWe plan to relocate in case\n\nour expectations of this place are not met; we will return\n\nafter some time. Hopefully, the security situation of our\n\ncommunity of origin has improved.\u201d\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\nDespite their preferences, most surveyed IDPs in all\n\nthree states lack the resources to move to their desired\n\nlocations. Only 9% of respondents believed they had\n\nthe resources to facilitate moving to their preferred\n\nrelocation. Security concerns, uncertainty about their\n\npreferred location, and commitments to construct better\n\ninfrastructure in IDPs\u2019 home or preferred relocation\n\ndestinations affect IDPs\u2019 decision-making processes.\n\nMost surveyed IDPs across all three states think that IDPs\n\nneed more money to move to their preferred location.\n\nVery few IDPs have enough money to move. Many such\n\nIDPs have waited to relocate because they do not know\n\nhow safe their preferred location is and/or they have\n\nbeen promised better infrastructure will be constructed\n\nin their preferred destination.\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.2 ADEQUATE STANDARD OF**\n**LIVING**\n\n\n\nAcross BAY states, IDPs and returnees struggle to\n\naccess basic needs and essential services. Challenges\n\ninclude shortages of food and water, and inadequate\n\naccess to healthcare and education facilities, which\n\nare exacerbated by factors such as the reduction of\n\nhumanitarian aid, a worsening security situation, and\n\nlack of electricity.\n\n\nFOOD AND WATER SHORTAGES:\n\nIn many communities, respondents reported that the\n\ngovernment and humanitarian organizations are not\n\ndoing enough to provide essential needs. A returnee\n\nin Banki, Bama LGA, stated, \u201creduction of humanitarian\n\naid and illiteracy among the people is a major obstacle\n\npreventing people from upgrading their standard of\n\nliving.\u201d Withdrawal of or reduced humanitarian actor\nprovided aid and overcrowded communities have\n\nexacerbated the challenge of accessing food and water.\n\nIn some instances, IDPs resorted to extreme coping\n\nstrategies, such as street begging, child hawking, and\n\nskipping meals to conserve food resources. Lack of\n\npower provision in certain communities, like Bindigari\n\nin Yobe State, further compounds water scarcity, as\n\npower is needed for pumping and distributing water. A\n\nhost community member in Damaturu explained, \u201cLack\n\nof water is a serious problem facing us, and frequent\n\npower outages compound it \u2026 whenever there is a\n\npower outage, we are in big problem.\u201d\n\n\nHEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION ACCESS:\n\nAccess to healthcare and education remains a challenge\n\nfor IDPs and returnees, in large part due to cost. An IDP\n\nin Madinatu, a small settlement in Jere, said, \u201cThere is\n\nno easy access to education for IDPs in this community\n\nbecause it is expensive, and we cannot afford it.\u201d Lack\n\nof effective healthcare is particularly impactful amid the\n\ncurrent conflict, as it heightens IDPs\u2019 vulnerability. As\n\nnoted in a 2019 African Journal of Political Science and\n\nInternational Relations article, \u201cthe absence of quality\n\nhealth service for those affected by conflicts have\n\nfurther amplified the potential for conflicts and human\n\ninsecurity.\u201c [8]\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\nSHELTER AND OVERCROWDING:\n\nMany IDPs live in fragile shelters that are inadequate\n\nand unsafe. Overcrowding is a common issue\n\nparticularly during the rainy season, making life even\n\nmore unbearable for displaced populations. A female\n\nIDP in the community of Fori in Borno State said, \u201cWater\n\nsupply, health services, and shelter are the scarcest\n\nresources in this community. We suffer a lot because life\n\nbecomes unbearable with cold weather and scarcity of\n\nfood, water; and we live in a dilapidated shelter.\u201d\n\n\nCOPING MECHANISMS AND\nCOORDINATION:\n\nIDPs and host communities have adopted various\n\ncoping mechanisms and coordination strategies to\n\nmanage scarce resources and limited access to essential\n\nservices. These include roll calls to maintain order at\n\nwater collection points and during food distribution;\n\nutilizing aid provided through NGOs and wealthy\n\ncommunity members; and menial vocational skills such\n\nas cap making, tailoring, and shoemaking. However,\n\nthese coping mechanisms often fall short of addressing\n\nthe pressing needs of affected communities.\n\n\nTo improve access to basic needs and essential services\n\nin BAY states, the following measures, suggested by\n\nrespondents, should be prioritized:\n\n\nIncrease funding and resources for food and\n\nwater distribution, targeting the most vulnerable\n\npopulations.\n\n\nExpand and improve healthcare and education\n\nfacilities, making them more affordable for IDPs and\n\nreturnees.\n\n\nDevelop and implement community-based initiatives\n\nto build safe and sustainable shelters for IDPs and\n\nreturnees.\n\n\nStrengthen partnerships between the government,\n\nhumanitarian organizations, and local communities\n\nto ensure a coordinated response and efficient\n\ndistribution of resources and services.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n\nSupport livelihood programs and vocational training\n\nfor IDPs and returnees to enhance their self-reliance\n\nand reduce dependence on humanitarian aid.\n\n\nEncourage community-based conflict resolution and\n\npeacebuilding initiatives to foster social cohesion\n\nand harmony between IDPs, returnees, and host\n\ncommunities.\n\n\nAddress the root causes of insecurity and conflict to\n\nfoster a conducive environment for the return and\n\nreintegration of displaced persons.\n\n\n\nSuch measures have the potential to enhance the\n\nstandard of living in affected BAY state communities.\n\nUltimately, addressing the pressing needs of these\n\ncommunities requires a comprehensive and coordinated\n\napproach that considers not only immediate challenges\n\nbut also underlying issues driving displacement and\n\nsuffering.\n\n\n\n**4.3 ACCESS TO LIVELIHOODS AND**\n**EMPLOYMENT**\n\n\n\nThe impact of displacement on livelihood activities in\n\nBAY states is significant. The combination of reduced\n\nincome and high market prices \u2013 due in large part to\n\nthe destruction of financial service providers in remote\n\nlocations and poor infrastructure such as unsafe road\n\nnetworks \u2013 take a particular toll on IDPs\u2019 opportunity to\n\nengage in income generating activities or accrue wealth.\n\nMany IDPs possess skills in areas such as agriculture,\n\ncap-making, tailoring, carpentry, and mat-making but face\n\nobstacles in securing employment or associated livelihood\n\nopportunities. These obstacles include limited access to\n\nfarmland due to insecurity, a lack of vocational training\n\ncenters, and insufficient capital to start businesses.\n\n\nIn response to these challenges, IDPs have adopted\n\ncoping strategies such as firewood fetching which\n\ncomes with its own challenges including attacks\n\nresulting in GBV, abduction and murder as well as\n\nenvironmental degradation and farm work in exchange\n\nfor wages. However, these strategies do not fully address\n\nobstacles to accessing sustainable livelihoods, including\n\npreferential hiring practices, often in favor of host\n\ncommunity members. As one female IDP in Jambutu\n\ncommunity, Adamawa State said, \u201csome NGOs recruit\n\nsanitation workers only from the host community, we feel\n\ndiscriminated against because we also want to work but\n\nwe are left out.\u201d\n\n\nTo improve access to livelihoods and employment,\n\nrespondents in BAY states suggested measures such as\n\nsecuring farmland for farming activities, providing start\nup capital and business kits, [9] and offering skill acquisition\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\nand entrepreneurship training. Some IDPs emphasized\n\nthe potential for sustainable livelihood options, with one\n\nstating that \u201cmany of the displaced have relevant skills in\n\nagriculture, cattle raising, and trading, which, if matched\n\nwith financing, could translate into sustainable livelihood\n\noptions, supporting the activation of local economic\n\nhubs.\u201d\n\n\nSuccessful examples of intervention programs include\n\nthe International Organization for Migration (IOM)\n\ndistributing business start-up kits, tailoring and soap\nmaking skills training by the Borno Women Development\n\nInitiative and FHI360, and the UN Food and Agriculture\n\nOrganization (FAO) and UN Development Programme\n\n(UNDP) providing seedlings and capital for farming. .\n\nUNHCR in partnership with AUN and CARITAS Nigeria\n\nprovided IDPs and returnees with seedlings for farming,\n\ncash grants for business start-ups, production kits/inputs\n\nfor agriculture (livestock, poultry) across Borno, Adamawa\n\nand Yobe States. One respondent from Bama LGA\n\ncited the success of beneficiaries as an example of how\n\nintervention can improve the lives of IDPs.\n\n\nAccess to markets is also essential for promoting\n\nsustainable livelihoods. While some IDPs have access to\n\nlocal markets, others face challenges due to distance and\n\naccess to transportation. Notably, displaced populations\n\ncan capitalize on economic opportunities in impoverished\n\nareas, as noted by IDP who said, \u201clocal markets have\n\nemerged in isolated areas to serve the needs of IDPs.\n\nAdditional opportunities could emerge if access to small\n\nfinancing were available.\u201d\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.4 FAMILY REUNIFICATION**\n\n\nThe conflict in BAY states has led to the disintegration of\n\nmany families, making reunification a challenging process.\n\nAs a female IDP in Banki, Borno State explained, \u201cDue to\n\nthe ongoing conflict, some of our family members cannot\n\nleave where they are stranded.\u201d Another IDP youth said,\n\n\u201cSecurity incidents on the road to this community are\n\na hindrance. Many families are patiently waiting for the\n\ngovernment to secure the road for them to pass and\n\nreunite with their families in safety.\u201d\n\n\nSeparation has caused family trauma and can lead to\n\npsychological disorders, with unaccompanied children\n\noften subjected to child labor, abuse, or association with\n\nhigh-risk groups. Respondents from Yobe and Adamawa\n\nspecifically mentioned the risks of street begging and\n\nhawking, which expose children to GBV.\n\n\nCurrent measures facilitating family reunification have\n\nhad limited success. In Bama LGA, a reception center\n\nenables families to search for separated relatives among\n\nnew arrivals. However, in Adamawa State, one respondent\n\nsaid that the existing measures are unreliable, \u201cThere is a\n\nmeasure (for family reunification), but it is not reliable as\n\nthere has not been much positive outcome of referred\n\ncases of family tracing.\u201d In Yobe State, separated families\n\nprovide phone numbers to tracing centers to facilitate\n\nreunification.\n\n\nTo improve family tracing and reunification, respondents\n\nsuggested several mechanisms. In returned communities,\n\nsome IDPs recommended establishing a government\n\nor NGO-led committee that collects photographs of\n\nseparated family members and actively searches for\n\nthem on a weekly basis. Respondents in Maiduguri\n\nand Yola North called for specialized NGO programs\n\nfocused on family tracing and reunification. In Yobe State,\n\nrespondents suggested that radio stations broadcast\n\nthe names of missing persons who have not yet been\n\nreunited with their families, given that IDPs are keen\n\nlisteners of radio broadcasts.\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\nPhoto: OCHA/Manal Massalha\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referred\n\ncases of family tracing", - "confidence": 0.6692424416542053, - "start": 224, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "returned communities", - "confidence": 0.5094084143638611, - "start": 260, - "end": 262 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.5 ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE**\n**REMEDIES AND JUSTICE** **[10]**\n\n\n\nAcross BAY states, traditional authorities were recognized\n\nas effective in upholding the law and addressing crime.\n\nIn Borno State, this system comprises the Bulama at the\n\nward level, the Lawan at the village level, and the Ajiya at\n\nthe district level. IDPs in camps also acknowledged the\n\nrole of camp elders in fulfilling similar duties. IDPs said that\n\nthey are aware that law enforcement agents are active\n\nin host communities and IDPs camps, but many IDPs\n\nreported that they had never encountered one or were\n\nafraid to seek redress through law enforcement agencies.\n\nInstead, they often turned to alternative mechanisms for\n\njustice, such as \u201cprotection teams\u201d or security vigilante\n\ngroups. Access to effective justice systems is hampered\n\nby ineffective judicial systems especially in locations\n\nwhere courts have been destroyed and where there is\n\nlimited presence of judicial staff due to insecurity and\n\nlack of infrastructure such as staff quarters, furniture and\n\nstationery.\n\n\nIDPs in Borno and Adamawa identified several key\n\nelements for achieving effective remedies and justice.\n\nThese include providing an enabling environment for\n\nrelocation or integration into host communities, offering\n\npsychosocial support, and establishing referral platforms\n\nfor addressing IDPs\u2019 socio-economic needs. A female\n\nIDP in Madinatu shared her perspective on this matter,\n\nsaying. \u201cAs far as I\u2019m concerned, justice [could only be\n\nfulfilled] when my community is rebuilt, and I can relocate\n\nback and restart life afresh.\u201d\n\n\nIn Maiduguri, respondents emphasized the importance of\n\neconomic empowerment for self-sustainability as fulfilling\n\nthe requirements for remedies and justice. In Mairi,\n\nrespondents highlighted rebuilding IDP communities\n\nand providing start-up packages to help displaced\n\nindividuals rebuild their lives. In Yobe State, respondents\n\nemphasized the need to rebuild the educational system,\n\nimprove the quality of education, and provide capital for\n\nparents to start businesses. Protection from Non-State\n\nArmed Groups (NSAGs) was also essential for delivering\n\neffective remedies and justice.\n\n\nOrganizations supporting victims of GBV were\n\nacknowledged by IDPs in various communities. One IDP\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\nmother in Banki said, \u201cThere are GBV actors here who\n\nsupport our daughters in cases of abuse and support\n\nrelatives that were forcefully married at childhood with\n\ndignity kits, skill acquisition, and other services.\u201d In Bama,\n\nagencies like BOWDI, FHI360, UNFPA, CARITAS, and\n\nNHRC were identified as critical players in providing GBV\n\ninterventions. In Adamawa State, participants recognized\n\nGBV actors\u2019 work in supporting victims. In Yobe State, the\n\npolice and the National Human Right Commission played\n\na pivotal role in ensuring justice in cases of sexual gender\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.6 ACCESS TO DOCUMENTATION**\n\n\n\nIn Nigeria, displaced persons face significant challenges\n\nin obtaining essential documents such as birth\n\ncertificates, indigene certificates and national IDs.\n\nLack of documentation limits access to public services,\n\neducation, and other legal rights. Barriers to accessing\n\ndocumentation include distance to registrar offices,\n\ninsecurity, lack of information, and overcrowded\n\nstate offices where documentation is issued (issuing\n\npoint). There are noticeable disparities regarding who\n\npossesses these documents, specifically between male\nand female-headed households and returnees and host\n\ncommunities. To address these challenges, stakeholders\n\nmust understand the importance of identity documents\n\nand the processes for obtaining them.\n\n\nThe availability and accessibility of identity documents\n\nvary among IDPs in different states and communities.\n\nIn Banki, Bama LGA, all respondents reported having\n\nno documentation apart from Emergency Tracking Tool\n\n(ETT) registration upon arrival at the camp. However, in\n\nthe Kasugula and GSSSS IDP camps, most IDPs reported\n\nhaving national ID cards and indigene certificates.\n\nIn Adamawa State, some respondents had identity\n\ndocuments, while others, primarily IDPs, did not. In Yobe\n\nState, most respondents possessed national ID cards and\n\nvoter cards.\n\n\nReasons for not possessing ID cards varied among\n\nrespondents. Many IDPs and returnees lost their\n\nbelongings \u2013 including IDs \u2013 when fleeing their\n\ncommunities. Others could not obtain new ID cards due to\n\ninsufficient supporting documentation or overcrowding at\n\nissuing points. In the Shuwari community in Borno State,\n\nclosure of the issuing point prevented some respondents\n\nfrom accessing IDs.\n\n\nOnly 10% of respondents said that IDPs were denied\n\naccess to basic services due to the lack of identity\n\ndocuments. In Borno and Adamawa, the Nigerian Bar\n\nAssociation (NBA) supported displaced persons in\n\nobtaining both indigene certificates and birth certificates.\n\nHowever, challenges such as financial constraints, the\n\nbehavior of staff responsible for issuing IDs, and limited\n\noperating hours hindered access to identity documents\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\nfor many people. An IDP in Banki explained, \u201cThe main\n\nchallenge is the limited time they work issuing the ID,\n\nand people are interested in accessing documentation;\n\nthat is why whenever NBA visits the camp with indigene\n\ncertificates, everybody queues up.\u201d\n\n\nIn Yobe State, financial constraints and distance were\n\ncited as significant challenges in accessing identity\n\ndocuments. Respondents stated that civil registration\n\nservices in Adamawa and Borno were either insufficient\n\nor not efficient. A respondent in the Fori community said,\n\n\u201cIt is available, accessible, but not efficient. They [issuing\n\nofficials] come and go within a restricted time.\u201d\n\n\nTo ensure that IDPs have access to documentation, it is\n\ncrucial to address challenges faced in acquiring identity\n\ndocuments and improve the efficiency and accessibility of\n\ncivil registration services in affected communities.\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.7 RESTORATION OF HOUSING,**\n**LAND AND PROPERTY**\n\n\nIDPs and returnees must have access to effective\nmechanisms for timely restitution of housing, land, and\nproperty, regardless of their choice to return, integrate\nlocally, or settle elsewhere. This entails residential,\nagricultural, and commercial property, as well as leases\nand tenancy agreements and should extend to all\ndisplaced persons, including those with formal or informal\ntitles and inherited property. Indigenous peoples with\nunique attachments to their land also require special\nattention. The restitution process can be complex and\ntime-consuming, but it is crucial that IDPs have access\nto effective mechanisms and can reside safely during\nthe interim. Restitution is the preferred remedy, but\ncompensation may sometimes be more equitable.\n\nAlternative solutions must be considered for temporary\noccupants facing eviction during property restitution\n\n\nThe experiences of displaced persons in terms of\nhousing, land, and property restoration varied across\nBAY states. In all three states, some displaced persons\nwere accommodated by relatives in the community,\noften without requiring payment of tenancy fees. A host\ncommunity member in Mairi stated, \u201cSome IDPs were\ngiven free accommodation within the community, where\nthey pay no rent \u2026\u2026. they are allowed for as long as they\ncan stay.\u201d However, agreements regarding the duration of\nthe stay might be made between a host and IDPs.\n\n\nIn Yobe State, one respondent recounted an instance in\nwhich they asked an IDP that they were hosting to find\naccommodation elsewhere after an extended stay, as\nthe IDP showed no intention of leaving soon. According\nto respondents from Adamawa State and returned\ncommunities in Borno State, IDPs living in camps were\nnot at risk of eviction. Yet, in Maiduguri and Jere, displaced\npersons faced eviction risks. A respondent in Yobe State\nsaid, \u201cA lot of people have been evicted from houses over\ntheir inability to pay rent.\u201d\n\n\nAccess to land, specifically for farming, was limited for\nmost displaced persons in Borno State. They often\nworked as laborers on farms owned by host community\nmembers. However, many IDPs in Bama LGA remained\nhopeful that the government would allocate farmland to\nthem.\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n\nPhoto: OCHA/Manal Massalha\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.8 PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC**\n**AFFAIRS**\n\n\n\nProgress toward durable solutions for IDPs is significantly\n\ninfluenced by their ability to participate in public\n\naffairs, such as elections and other civic processes. In\n\ncommunities like Banki in Borno State, 32 IDPs reported\n\nnever participating in an election due to the absence of\n\npolling units in their original communities. Consequently,\n\nonly eight IDP respondents in Banki and Adamawa State\n\nwere aware of local electoral processes and whether they\n\nhave the right to vote or stand for office. One female IDP\n\nin Adamawa State said, \u201cWe don\u2019t know anything about\n\nthe election or whatever.\u201d\n\n\nSimilarly, in the community of Madinatu in Borno State,\n\nparticipants expressed concerns over the lack of voter\n\nregistration centers. Furthermore, fear of violence\n\nduring campaigning and voting was identified as a major\n\nhindrance to elections participation. By contrast, most\n\nrespondents in Yobe State reported no barriers to\n\nparticipating in electoral processes.\n\n\nMost respondents were unaware of existing laws\n\nregarding legal provisions about IDP participation\n\nin electoral processes, but many believed that laws\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\ngoverning elections \u2013 which do apply to them \u2013 must\n\nbe in place, even if they did not know the specifics.\n\nRespondents\u2019 knowledge varied over whether IDPs can\n\nbe registered on an electoral list at their location of\n\ndisplacement, return, or relocation and vote or stand\n\nfor office without discrimination. IDPs in Banki and Yola\n\nNorth, who were new to the electoral system, were still\n\ndetermining their electoral eligibility. Other respondents\n\nbelieved IDPs should have the right to vote like any other\n\ncitizen. [11] Many also believed that political parties do\n\nnot discriminate against displaced persons regarding\n\nmembership or voting for electoral office.\n\n\nRegarding social or ethnic dynamics affecting the inclusion\n\nof displaced persons in decision-making processes or\n\nparticipation in associations, few respondents reported\n\ndiscrimination against IDPs at social gatherings. Despite\n\nrelatively few reports of discrimination, there is a need\n\nto continually address barriers and misconceptions\n\nrelated to IDP participation in public affairs, to ensure\n\ntheir successful integration in host communities and\n\ncommunities to which they relocate.\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "electoral list", - "confidence": 0.953090488910675, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yobe State", - "confidence": 0.5291338562965393, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9584681391716003, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**4.9 SAFETY AND SECURITY**\n\n\n\nSafety and security play a crucial role in assessing the\n\nprogress of durable solutions for IDPs. In Bama LGA,\n\nmost respondents considered the community safe\n\nand conducive to fostering livelihood opportunities. In\n\nMaiduguri and Jere, only four and three respondents\n\nconsidered their communities unsafe, particularly during\n\nnighttime hours. In Adamawa State, 29 respondents\n\nreported feeling safe in their community.\n\n\nWhen asked about the safety of travel routes, all\n\nrespondents agreed that security issues were prevalent.\n\nFor example, in Bama LGA, a respondent stated that\n\ntravelers could be abducted or raped if they travel along\n\ncertain routes. In Yola, respondents cited armed robbery\n\nand Shila youth gangsterism as concerns. In Yobe State,\n\nalmost all respondents considered their locality safe\n\nand secure, with only one dissenting respondent who\n\nremarked, \u201csome places are safe while some are not.\u201d\n\n\nRespondents suggested several measures to address\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n\nthe security situation, including increasing the number of\n\nmilitary personnel stationed in garrison settlements like\n\nBama and Banki, establishing community-based vigilante\n\ngroups, and involving community leaders in key decision\nmaking processes. They believed that the government\n\nshould be primarily responsible for ensuring the safety\n\nand security of people in their respective communities,\n\nwith some respondents also mentioning the role of\n\ntraditional community leaders and \u201cother stakeholders.\u201d\n\n\nRespondents identified community leaders and\n\nannouncements in places of worship as key sources\n\nof reliable information. In Maiduguri, radio news and\n\nmembers of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) were also\n\nmentioned as sources. Overall, respondents expressed\n\noptimism about the security situation improving, citing\n\nongoing improvements and increased deployment of\n\nmilitary personnel as reasons for their confidence.\n\n\nPhoto: OCHA/Christina Powell\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**CONCLUSION AND**\n**05**\n**RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nThe prospects for the return and integration of IDPs in Nigeria\u2019s BAY states depend on addressing a range of challenges,\n\nincluding security, infrastructure, and livelihood opportunities. A coordinated approach involving government,\n\ninternational organizations, and local stakeholders is crucial to ensuring that these challenges are addressed and that\n\nIDP communities receive the support they need to rebuild their lives.\n\n\n- Most IDPs in BAY states expressed a desire to return to locations from where they were originally displaced or\n\nrelocate to other areas. However, relocation decisions are complicated by security concerns, a lack of resources,\n\nand uncertainty about conditions at IDPs\u2019 preferred relocation destinations.\n\n\n- IDPs and returnees struggle to **access basic needs** such as food, water, healthcare, and education due to\n\nreduced humanitarian aid, a worsening security situation, and lack of electricity provision. Proposed solutions\n\ninclude increasing funding and resources for essential services, expanding healthcare and education facilities,\n\nand supporting livelihood programs.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Access to livelihoods and employment** is limited among IDPs, who often possess professional skills \u2013 such as\n\nexperience working in agriculture or a tradecraft \u2013 but are unable to fully leverage or build on those skills due to a\n\nlack of training or certification, or access to capital. Proposed solutions include securing more farmland, providing\n\nstart-up capital, and offering skill acquisition and entrepreneurship trainings.\n\n\n**\u2022** **The restoration of housing, land, and property** is essential to achieving durable solutions. Respondents noted\n\nnegative experiences with housing and land access, highlighting the need for continued support in this area.\n\n**Restitution of housing, land, and property** is crucial to achieving durable solutions. Although some IDPs live\n\nwith relatives or in camps (rent-free), others face eviction risks or have limited access to land for farming.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Safety and security** are crucial to achieving durable solutions. Respondents suggested increasing the number of\n\ndeployed military personnel, establishing community-based vigilante groups, and involving community leaders in\n\ndecision-making to improve security.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Family reunification** is a significant challenge due to ongoing conflict and security concerns. Respondents\n\nsuggested various mechanisms to improve family tracing and reunification, such as government or NGO-led\n\ncommittees, specialized NGO programs, and utilizing radio stations for public service announcements.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Access to effective remedies and justice** for IDPs entails providing an enabling environment for relocation,\n\npsychosocial support, and addressing socio-economic needs. Traditional authorities play a crucial role in the\n\nprovision of justice, while organizations supporting victims of gender-based violence provide critical interventions.\n\nRehabilitation of judicial infrastructure and return of civil authorities in deep field locations would also play a\n\ncritical role in improving effective access to remedies and justice.\n\n\n- IDPs face challenges in obtaining **essential documents** such as birth certificates and national identity cards.\n\nWithout documentation, IDPs\u2019 access to public services and other legal rights is limited. To address these\n\nchallenges, stakeholders must improve the efficiency and accessibility of civil registration services in affected\n\ncommunities.\n\n\n- IDP **participation in public affairs**, such as elections, is hampered by factors such as lack of awareness, absence\n\nof polling units, and fear of violence. To facilitate IDP integration in and contributions to society, these barriers\n\nmust be addressed.\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\nBased on this report\u2019s findings, IMAC recommend the following key strategies for effectively addressing the return and\n\nintegration of IDPs in Nigeria\u2019s BAY states:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**PROGRAMS**\n\n\nDevelop targeted programs to support IDP livelihoods, focusing on creating\n\nsustainable income-generating opportunities and skills development\n\nand providing the necessary resources for IDPs to pursue their preferred\n\nmovements.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\n**DURABLE SOLUTIONS**\n\n**IN THE BAY STATES**\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n\n~~**22**~~\n\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DURABLE SOLUTIONS\n\n\n**REFERENCES**\n**08**\n\n\n\n1. IDMC, 2023. Available here at: https://www.internal\ndisplacement.org/countries/nigeria\n\n\n2. Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 43,\n\nNigeria Northeast\n\n\n3. Ibid\n\n\n4. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework\n\ndetermined that, \u201ca durable solution is achieved\n\nwhen IDPs no longer have specific assistance\n\nand protection needs that are linked to their\n\ndisplacement and such persons can enjoy their\n\nhuman rights without discrimination resulting from\n\ntheir displacement.\u201d\n\n\n5. IASC, 2010. \u201cISAC Framework on Durable Solutions\n\nFor Internally Displaced Persons.\u201d Available at:\n\nhttps://inform-durablesolutions-idp.org/wp\ncontent/uploads/2018/03/IASC-Framework\nDurable-Solutions-IDPs-EN.pdf\n\n\n6. The IMAC comprises multiple organizations which\n\nwork collaboratively on outputs, such as this report,\n\nwhich focus on humanitarian issues in Nigeria. These\n\norganizations include Mercy Corps, UN OCHA, IOM,\n\nUNHCR, and IMMP.\n\n\n7. Ibid\n\n\n8. African Journal of Political Science and International\n\nRelations, 2019: available here: https://www.\n\nresearchgate.net/publication/333517695_Conficts_\n\nand_insurgency_Barriers_to_global_quality_health_\n\nservice_for_internally_displaced_persons_in_the_\n\nNorth_Eastern_Part_of_Nigeria, P 50.\n\n\n9. Business kits comprise of 100,000 Naira for male\n\nheaded household and 50,000 Naira for the woman\n\nin the house\n\n\n10. IASC, 2010. \u201cISAC Framework on Durable Solutions\n\nFor Internally Displaced Persons.\u201d Available at:\n\nhttps://inform-durablesolutions-idp.org/wp\ncontent/uploads/2018/03/IASC-Framework\nDurable-Solutions-IDPs-EN.pdf\n\n\n11. While IDPs have the right to register in their location of\n\n\nBAY STATES\n\n\n\ndisplacement, civil servants responsible for enrolling\n\nvoters intermittently service IDP communities.\n\n\n**23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **DURABLE**\n### **SOLUTIONS**\n\n2022 / 23\n\n\nAssessing the prospects for durable\nsolutions in the BAY states\n\n\n**Summary** **DATE**\n\n\n\n**Information Management and Analysis Cell (IMAC)**\n\n\n**nigeriaanalysisteam@mcnigeria.com**\n\n**ochangaimu@un.org**\n\n\n\n**This research report analyses the**\n\n**prospects of durable solutions for**\n\n**IDPs in the BAY states, Nigeria.**\n\n\n\n**10 April 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c33cd3a6-a2f0-44e5-bdf8-1f1cf0a5871e/Durable%20Solution_IMAC_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_328/raw/doc_328_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_328/raw/doc_328_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 10fb66f0ee6c916f7c88d6caeb88aacb1963e294..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_328/raw/doc_328_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 185**\n\n# **Refugees, internally displaced persons** **and the \u2018responsibility to protect\u2019**\n\n\n**Dr Susan Harris Rimmer**\n\n\nThe Australian National University\n\n\nE-mail: Susan.Harris-Rimmer@anu.edu.au\n\n\nMarch 2010\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online\nunder \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper explores the implementation of the prevention pillar of the Responsibility to\nProtect (R2P) doctrine, and assesses its relevance to protection of refugees and internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs). I argue that a political analysis of the recent R2P debates show\nthat the doctrine is at a juncture, and there are costs and benefits to the overall goal of\nrefugee and IDP protection by aligning with the R2P campaign. This paper challenges the\nproposition that stronger international acceptance of the R2P doctrine leads inevitably to\nstronger refugee and IDP protection.\n\n\nThe R2P doctrine as set out in General Assembly resolution 60/1 (2005) [1] subscribes to\nthe conception of \u2018sovereignty as responsibility\u2019 (Deng et al 1996), and therefore\nadvocates an enhanced role for the international community in relation to states who are\nunwilling or unable to protect their citizens from the most egregious crimes under\ninternational law, specifically; genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, as\nwell as ethnic cleansing (Evans 2008: 31-55). [2]\n\n\nI provide a brief outline of the R2P doctrine, but focus on developments in 2009. Since\nJanuary 2009, the Secretary-General and the General Assembly (GA) have sought to\n\u2018operationalize\u2019 the doctrine but have also debated the concept in order to allay concerns\nand misconceptions (Secretary-General 2009: 1). R2P can be best understood in this new\nimplementation phase as \u2018three pillars and four crimes\u2019 (Munoz 2009), to be\nimplemented in a way that is \u2018narrow but deep\u2019 (Secretary General 2009: 2).\n\n\nThe first pillar represents the primacy of state responsibility, the second pillar refers to\nthe duty of the international community to provide assistance, and the third pillar is that\nthe international community will react to violations of genocide and mass atrocity in a\ntimely and decisive manner (Secretary-General 2009: 2). The emphasis of the R2P\ndoctrine in its implementation phase will be on the _prevention_ of genocide and mass\natrocities.\n\n\nThere has been an expectation among refugee and IDP advocates that R2P will be\nbeneficial, or even revolutionary, in advancing debates on protection of people who are\nforcibly displaced (cf Edwards 2009: 790). I enumerate the logical and conceptual\nconnections between the goals of R2P and refugee and IDP protection, and they are\nsubstantial. The very fact of the political organs of the UN engaging meaningfully and\nmore often with protection debates should be beneficial.\n\n\nHowever, there are certain signs that these latest 2009 developments bode ill for refugee\nand IDP protection, and not because of the more usual charge of political selectivity of\nR2P, but because of more subtle flaws. This is partly because of the narrow focus of the\nprevention pillar has combined with the pernicious influence of UN architecture, as I\nshall describe, and partly because there may be something more fundamentally wrong\n\n\n1 Known as the \u20182005 World Summit Outcomes\u2019.\n2 For an explanation of the elements of these crimes under international criminal law, see A. Cassese 2007.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with the concept itself. As Jose Alvarez puts it, there may be black marks \u2018built into the\nvery soul\u2019 of R2P (2007: 6), which the implementation debate brings to light.\n\n\nIn the most comprehensive analysis so far of the benefits of R2P doctrine and refugee and\nIDP protection, Brian Barbour and Brian Gorlick profess surprise that the grant of asylum\nas a preventative tool of protection is not mentioned once in the core documents of R2P\n(2008: 24). I will demonstrate that this was predictable. Refugee and IDP advocates tend\nto contemplate the R2P doctrine with the overlay of a humanitarian or human rights lens.\n\n\nRefugees are often perceived by the Security Council as a threat to international peace\nand security, destabilising influences, especially since 2001, and at best as the \u2018passive\nrecipients\u2019 of protection (Edwards 2009: 805). [3] Nevertheless, the reference to refugees as\nthe subject of protection does now appear in the Secretary-General\u2019s 2009 report, partly\ndue to UNHCR advocacy. If R2P is to become an ally of refugee and IDP advocacy,\nthere is serious conceptual work to be done to ensure the human rights foundations of the\ndoctrine shine though, and to encourage voices from the Global South.\n\n\n**About R2P**\n\n\nR2P as a doctrine is still marginal to international law, but is increasing its influence in\nsoft law at a rapid rate. R2P had important antecedents, developed over a fairly short\ntime-frame (by UN standards), beginning with the Report of the International\nCommission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), convened by the Canadian\nGovernment in December 2001. This was a reaction to the Kosovo and Rwanda conflicts\n(Weiss 2007), both of which featured the forced displacement of significant population\nnumbers. Subsequent reports showed ongoing UN interest and slightly different iterations\nof the concept of the R2P, including:\n\n\nDecember 2004: _A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility,_\nReport of the United Nations Secretary-General's High Level Panel on\nThreats, Challenges and Change;\n\n\nMarch 2005: _In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and_\n_Human Rights for all_, Report of the Secretary-General of the United\nNations; and (subsequent to the World Summit); and\n\n\n2006: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674 (April) and\nresolution 1706 on Darfur (August). [4]\n\n\nThe R2P doctrine as it now stands is derived from three paragraphs of the 2005 World\nSummit Outcome:\n\n\n138. Each individual State has the responsibility to protect its populations\nfrom genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.\n\n\n3\nMy wider research project relates to reconceptualising refugees and IDPs as transitional justice actors\n(Harris Rimmer 2009a).\n4 For a genealogy of the changes to the doctrine at each stage see Bellamy 2006.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This responsibility entails the prevention of such crimes, including their\nincitement, through appropriate and necessary means. We accept that\nresponsibility and will act in accordance with it. The international community\nshould, as appropriate, encourage and help States to exercise this\nresponsibility and support the United Nations in establishing an early warning\ncapability.\n\n\n139. The international community, through the United Nations, also has the\nresponsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful\nmeans, in accordance with Chapters VI and VIII of the Charter, to help to\nprotect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes\nagainst humanity. In this context, we are prepared to take collective action, in\na timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance\nwith the Charter, including Chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in\ncooperation with relevant regional organizations as appropriate, should\npeaceful means be inadequate and national authorities are manifestly failing\nto protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and\ncrimes against humanity. We stress the need for the General Assembly to\ncontinue consideration of the responsibility to protect populations from\ngenocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and its\nimplications, bearing in mind the principles of the Charter and international\nlaw. We also intend to commit ourselves, as necessary and appropriate, to\nhelping States build capacity to protect their populations from genocide, war\ncrimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and to assisting those\nwhich are under stress before crises and conflicts break out.\n\n\n140. We fully support the mission of the Special Adviser of the SecretaryGeneral on the Prevention of Genocide.\n\n\nThe World Summit outcomes also included agreements to establish a Human Rights\nCouncil, a Peacebuilding Commission to help countries transition to peace, and a\ncommitment to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It was also the\nforum in which UN members affirmed the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement [5]\n(at para 132). The International Criminal Court has also commenced prosecutions, which\nhas jurisdiction over the four crimes mentioned as the basis of the R2P doctrine, but only\nafter the fact in relation to individual prosecutions.\n\n\nThis paper focuses only on very recent developments, starting in January 2009, with the\nrelease by the Secretary-General on _Implementing the Responsibility to Protect,_ followed\nby the consideration of the report by the GA from 21-23 July 2009. These comments\ntherefore represent \u2018first thoughts\u2019.\n\n\nAn Informal Interactive Dialogue was held featuring panellists Noam Chomsky (US),\nJean Bricmont (Belgium), Gareth Evans (Australia) and Ngigi wa Thiong\u2019o (Kenya) on\n23 July, which was followed by a GA plenary meeting where the World Summit\noutcomes were reaffirmed but considerable criticisms were voiced (GCR2P 2009). On\nthe whole, in my view, this was a healthy airing of concerns, especially from the Global\n\n5 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, 11 February 1998\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South, suspicious of intervention on generalized grounds. There seem to be some issues\nwith the R2P \u2018brand\u2019 rather than the 2005 Outcomes themselves. On 14 September 2009,\nthe General Assembly adopted by consensus its first resolution on the R2P, agreeing to\nhold further discussions on the international understanding to intervene to stop atrocities\nfrom taking place. The resolution notes \u2018with appreciation\u2019 Secretary-General Ban Kimoon\u2019s July report calling for speedy action \u2018to turn the promise of the responsibility to\nprotect into practice\u2019.\n\n\n**Prophets and blasphemers**\n\n\nWith apologies to Homer, these three paragraphs from the World Summit outcomes have\nlaunched one thousand interpretations, with the academy split between prophets [6] and\nblasphemers [7], operationalists and comparators. [8] The doctrine has also generated a\nplethora of toolkits, protection \u2018pyramids\u2019, and military doctrines, many of which refer to\ndisplacement in generalised terms.\n\n\nThe most challenging proposition [9] for humanitarian actors is whether R2P can be of\nworth when only weaker states will ever be the recipients of intervention due to the\noperation of the Security Council. This was the sticking point in the July GA debate,\nwhich was framed by an extremely hostile \u2018concept note\u2019 sent to states by the President\nof the GA, Mr Miguel d\u2019Escoto Brockman, to accompany the agenda (Office of the\nPresident of the GA 2009).\n\n\nIt stated, inter alia, that \u2018[c]olonialism and interventionism used responsibility to protect\narguments\u2019 (2009: 1) and that R2P should not become a \u2018jemmy in the door of national\nsovereignty\u2019 (2009: 2). There have often been allegations that R2P has a post-colonial or\nimperialist tang about it (Busser 2008). The \u2018narrow but deep\u2019 strategy seeks to soften\nthese criticisms.\n\n\nIn contrast, by and large, civil society organisations and humanitarian agencies have been\npositive about R2P, and less interested in the political fine print. In some ways, this is\nself-interested. As the Secretary-General says: \u2018[t]here is a common element in these\ndiverse efforts to help states help themselves: they largely depend on civilian, not\nmilitary, expertise and presence\u2019 (2009: 18).\n\n\n6 See generally the writings of A. Bellamy and G. Evans.\n7 See generally J. Alvarez and A. Orford. In the latest volume of the _Michigan Journal of International Law_\nAnne Orford compares the R2P doctrine to the Holy Roman Empire in Europe for its insistence on\njurisdiction without territory.\n8 See J. Smith 2006.\n9 As an example of the more conceptual questions raised by the doctrine for humanitarian practice,\ncommentators ask, is R2P really new? Is it repackaging? Does it underscore the obligations states already\nhold? If so, what value does it add? Is the R2P doctrine as accepted by the UN Summit in 2005 politically\npalatable in a way that humanitarian intervention was not, and if so why? Does it provide a coherent\nintellectual framework? (Gareth Evans\u2019 thesis) Are there cases when we need to aim for the \u2018least worst\u2019\noutcome for civilians? Can an international alliance command consent of the affected population? Is R2P\nmore about principled use of power rather than the political use of power? These were questions raised at a\npublic symposium at ANU on 30 October 2008 on \u2018Enhancing Protection of Civilians in Protracted\nConflicts\u2019 by humanitarian actors, and can serve as a proxy for sectoral concerns.\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Engaging Civil Society project has undertaken global consultations with civil society\nwith the aim of facilitating advocacy and implementation of R2P around the world\n(R2PCS, 2009). Even where humanitarian experts like Roberta Cohen have had weighty\ncriticisms of the doctrine, they have come down in support (Cohen 2009). For example,\nCohen acknowledges the problem of inconsistency of application and asks four apposite\nquestions of R2P from a humanitarian perspective.\n\n\nhow far does the application extend? (explored further below in relation\nto recent conflict in Kenya)\n\n\nwhen does R2P apply, and when does it not, in humanitarian\nemergencies?\n\n\nwill R2P politicize humanitarian operations?\u2026To what extent will R2P\nencourage humanitarian organizations to engage more actively in\nprotecting the physical safety and human rights of civilians caught up in\nhumanitarian emergencies? To what extent will it encourage UN human\nrights offices to play a protection role in the field, which they have not\ndone so far? [10]\n\n\nwill misconceptions about R2P undermine humanitarian approaches?\n\n\nBut Cohen concludes that R2P is a tool the humanitarian community should support. I\nsuspect this support is grounded in two main reasons, firstly for the simple reason that the\naims of the R2P doctrine are noble, and this inspires passion. Who can argue with the\nproposition that \u2018massive and systemic violations of human rights\u2026 should not be\nallowed to stand\u2019? (Annan 1999) Erika Feller from UNHCR expressed the hope in 2006\nthat the international adoption of R2P will enable states to move beyond issues of\nsovereignty and security in order to respond in a more pure sense to human suffering:\n\n\nThe significance of the concept of a responsibility to protect is that it does not\nrest on mandates, or indeed on international conventions. Rather, it comes\ninto play in response to needs\u2026 The protection situation may be equally\nacute for an earthquake victim in Pakistan, for an IDP in the Sudan, or for a\nvictim of trafficking in Eastern Europe (Feller 2006).\n\n\nThe second reason is because many civil society groups and agencies feel that the root of\nmany of their problems in attempting to protect civilians lie in being unable to engage\npolitical will from key states in a timely manner, and then convert this will into practical\nassistance. The R2P doctrine holds such promise, over time, although possibly not yet if\nthe recent GA debates are any guide.\n\n\n10 \u2018Some NGOs are wary of the use of force for humanitarian purposes under any circumstances and argue\nthat the integration of humanitarian aid into broader political and security frameworks will identify aid\nworkers with one side in a conflict and expose them to attacks. In the DRC, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res has\ntried to work on both sides of the conflict whereas UN peacekeepers have acted to support the\ngovernment.\u2019 (Cohen 2009).\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay says; \u2018[w]e should all undertake an\nhonest assessment of our ability to save lives in extraordinary situations\u2019 (2009). Much\ndepends therefore, on how the R2P doctrine is implemented. In my view, the 2009\ndevelopments are flawed in that even the prevention pillar is too reactive and\nunnecessarily shallow.\n\n\n**Implementing R2P**\n\n\nIn January 2009, the Secretary-General released a report on _Implementing the_\n_Responsibility to Protect,_ consisting, as noted above, of a three-pillar strategy which\nreplaced the earlier ICISS typology of prevent, react and rebuild.\n\n\nPillar one: the protection responsibilities of the state;\n\n\nPillar two: international assistance and capacity-building;\n\n\nPillar three: timely and decisive response;\n\n\nThe strategy \u2018stresses the value of prevention and, when it fails, of early and flexible\nresponse tailored to the specific circumstances of each case\u2019 (2009: 2). The SecretaryGeneral canvases a wide array of activity relating to R2P, but notes that R2P requires a\n'narrow but deep' response (8).\n\n\nWhen a state is bent on committing crimes against its citizens, the Secretary-General\nrecommends moving straight to a \u2018timely and tailored response\u2019 (9). In other words, R2P\nmust keep its focus on the prevention of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and\ncrimes against humanity:\n\n\nTo try to extend it to cover other calamities, such as HIV/AIDS, climate\nchange or the response to natural disasters, would undermine the 2005\nconsensus and stretch the concept beyond recognition or operational utility.\n(8)\n\n\nHowever, he adds:\n\n\n[t]he Summit\u2019s enunciation of the responsibility to protect was not intended\nto detract in any way from the much broader range of obligations existing\nunder international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee\nlaw and international criminal law (5).\n\n\nIn fact, under Pillar One, signing treaties, including the 1951 Convention is encouraged:\n\n\nStates should become parties to the relevant international instruments on\nhuman rights, international humanitarian law and refugee law, as well as to\nthe Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. But this is just a first\nstep towards full implementation in practice. (11)\n\n\nUnder Pillar Two, UNHCR as well as other UN actors, is encouraged to use its \u2018good\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "offices and public diplomacy efforts\u2019 (15) to assist states. UNHCR is also mentioned as\nan example of an agency with on-site missions that can provide opportunities for\ndelivering \u2018candid messages\u2019, \u2018directly to key decision makers on behalf of the larger\ninternational community, for example, by trying to dissuade them from destructive\ncourses of action that could make them subject to prosecution by the International\nCriminal Court or ad hoc tribunals\u2019 (23). The Secretary-General does acknowledge that\nhuman rights activities of the UN can protect lives, and adds:\n\n\nLess recognized in this context, the work of the Office of the United Nations\nHigh Commissioner for Refugees in obtaining grants of asylum and\nprotecting refugees has served numerous potential victims of crimes and\nviolations relating to the responsibility to protect (17).\n\n\nFinally the Secretary-General talks about R2P as a focal point for current efforts of field\nagencies:\n\n\nThe United Nations and its range of agencies, funds and programmes have in\nplace critical resources, activities and field operations that are already making\nimportant contributions to the elimination of these man-made scourges. They\ncould do that much more effectively if goals relating to the responsibility to\nprotect, including _the protection of refugees and the internally displaced_,\nwere mainstreamed among their priorities, whether in the areas of human\nrights, humanitarian affairs, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, political affairs or\ndevelopment. Each of these areas of United Nations activity have much to\nbring to the common effort. The emphasis of the present report is therefore on\nforging a common strategy rather than on proposing costly new programmes\nor radically new approaches. (29, emphasis added)\n\n\nIt is clear that refugee and IDP protection are not a clear focus of the implementation\nphase of the R2P. Humanitarian agencies and civil society groups have walk-on parts, not\nleading roles, which are saved for high level diplomats, peace-keepers and technocrats\n(Orford 2009:1014-5). Nevertheless, the relative benefits and disadvantages of the\nprevention pillar of R2P for refugee and IDP protection are analysed below.\n\n\n**Refugees, IDPs and R2P**\n\n\nThere is an obvious connection of intellectual heritage between R2P and the protection of\nIDPs. The concept of \u2018sovereignty as responsibility\u2019 was developed by Francis Deng and\nRoberta Cohen and others (Deng et al 1996) as the rationale for the Guiding Principles on\nIDPs (Weiss 2007: 89-98).\n\n\nThere are two other primary connections between the movement of people and the\nprevention of genocide and mass atrocities. The forced movement of people is often the\nfirst indicator to the international community that an armed conflict is developing from a\nseries of incidents or emergencies (OECD 2009), but can also be epiphenomenal.\n\n\nRefugee stories of persecution are a good way of identifying whether the conflict may\nevolve into genocide or crimes against humanity, given the definition of a refugee that is\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the subject of an individual status determination focuses on several grounds of\npersecution including race, religion, political opinion and membership of a social group\n(1951 Refugee Convention, Article 1). Refugees and IDPs then perform the function of\n\u2018barometer\u2019 (Edwards 2009: 800 citing UNHCR) or the proverbial \u2018canary down the\nmine\u2019. Similarly, refugees and IDPs are often the best judges of when it is safe to return\nto their country of origin.\n\n\nThe second link is that the international norm of granting asylum to refugees or assistance\nto IDPs is an important form of protection of civilians during conflict (Barbour and\nGorlick 2008). Since the ICISS report in 2001, the aspect of the R2P doctrine that has had\nmost impact on refugee law and related practice of UNHCR is that of access to\nhumanitarian assistance for IDPs (Loescher et al 2008: 67; Mooney 2008).\n\n\nYet the protection of IDPs does not feature at all in the Secretary-General\u2019s 2009 report,\nwith only a token reference to the importance of asylum as a protection measure. Cohen\ndecries this fact, and draws attention to the lack of evidence of R2P on the ground in the\nrecent case of IDPs in Kenya:\n\n\nIn the case of Kenya, the first and only country to which R2P was applied,\nsome 1,500 people died and some 600,000 were uprooted prior to\ninternational involvement. So R2P was not a preventive measure, but it did\nsucceed in halting the violence and preventing further displacement. But\nshould the story end there or should it extend to ensuring that displaced\npeople are effectively protected in the aftermath of violence? Reports show a\nlack of security for ethnic groups in areas of return, an absence of planning\nfor those who do not wish to return, inadequate compensation for destroyed\nhomes and property. Moreover, thousands still live in camps and temporary\nsettlements. Yet we don't hear any more about R2P in Kenya. Nor do we hear\nabout the promotion of compliance with the Guiding Principles on Internal\nDisplacement with regard to rebuilding. (Cohen 2009)\n\n\nThe ICISS report itself shows that these obvious connections with refugee and IDP\nprotection were not part of the foundation documents and that the conception of refugees\nin particular is very problematic. The ICISS report in 2001 focuses on refugees not IDPs,\nand only in two contexts: first, arguing that a major reason for engaging with the\nprevention of conflict is the avoidance of refugee \u2018outflows\u2019 or other \u2018spillovers\u2019 (ICISS\n2001: 5, 70). The second focus of the ICISS report is on the difficulties of facilitating\nsmooth returns to the country of origin in the post-conflict phase (Evans 2008: 168-9).\n\n\nIn these conceptions, refugees and IDPs do not meet the threshold of an R2P prevention\nfocus or intervention in their own right; instead, they are characterised as a burden\n(Chimni 2000: 252). The language of international refugee protection has long been that\nof \u2018burden-sharing\u2019 (Loescher et al 2008). Even if this was ever a useful description, the\n\u2018burden\u2019 has changed dramatically in the past twenty years. This is for two reasons: the\nchallenges to refugee and IDP protection have changed dramatically since 2001, and wars\nthemselves have changed in character. The challenges of protection are therefore more\ncomplex.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With regards to challenges for refugee and IDP protection, a recent article in _The_\n_Economist_ titled \u2018Lost in Limbo\u2019 outlined trends in the situation of refugees globally, in\nthe wake of sophisticated policies and techniques employed by Western countries to deny\nentry to asylum-seekers at the frontier (2009). This is especially since 2001 (Edwards\n2009: 775-777). [11] The article further reveals that those fleeing persecution are now less\nlikely to cross borders in general, and even those who do struggle to find durable\nsolutions to their plight. While refugee numbers have dropped over the past fifteen years,\nthe number of IDPs is on the rise.\n\n\nnearly two-thirds of refugees are now in protracted refugee situations,\nmeaning that 25,000 or more refugees from the same country have been\nforced to remain in a host country for at least five years;\n\n\nabout one-third of the over ten million refugees in the world today live in\nrefugee camps; in Africa, it is two-thirds;.\n\n\neighty percent of all refugees live in poor rather than in wealthy\ncountries. (The Economist 2009).\n\n\nAs poor host countries are less likely to have the resources to care for refugees, these\n[refugees become more and more dependent on the UNHCR. A recent paper by Amy](http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home)\nSlaughter and Jeff Crisp underscores that UNHCR was not designed to provide long-term\ngovernance to large refugee populations (2009). Others have raised institutional concerns\nwith UNHCR\u2019s role in protracted displacement, including serious deficits of democratic\nparticipation and procedural due process (Kagan 2006).\n\n\nArmed conflict has also changed into \u2018new wars\u2019 (Kaldor 2006), or as the Asia-Pacific\nCentre for R2P rather demurely terms them, \u2018uncivil wars\u2019 (2009a). Mary Kaldor\u2019s\nconception of \u2018new wars\u2019 is based on the idea that all people from the \u2018other\u2019 side are the\nenemy, and therefore legitimate targets (2006: 107). She puts forward the disturbing idea\nthat in modern warfare civilian losses are even desirable to the modern military if the aim\nis to guard against losses of soldiers as much as possible and to heighten psychological\nharm to the opposing side (2006: 61).\n\n\nUnder these new wars, the lines between mass atrocities and serious human rights\nviolations; emergencies, civil strife and all-out war; between forced displacement and\ngenocidal intent will be blurred, fluctuating lines (von Hom 2005). This may not be a\nnew phenomenon in historic terms but the foundation of international humanitarian law is\nbuilt on the existence of formal military structures.\n\n\nWe have seen this complexity play out in 2009 in Gaza, Sri Lanka, the DRC, Darfur,\nGeorgia and other places around the globe. We have seen the various parts of the UN\n\n\n11 Alice Edwards provides an excellent, if depressing overview of the contemporary protection problems.\n\u2018The nation-state system in this latter context has witnessed the overall diminution of asylum space due to\nthe erection of toughened border controls and other deterrence measures such as carrier sanctions,\nadministrative detention and reductions in economic and social rights, extraterritorial processing and \u2018safe\nthird country\u201d arrangements, restrictive definition of the term \u2018refugee,\u201d and the establishment of lesser\nprotection statuses in replacement of asylum'. (Edwards 2009: 776, 795-6)\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "machinery struggle to respond to these conflicts, and rarely in a unified manner. In some\ncases, such as the Human Rights Council special session on Sri Lanka, the attempts have\nended in travesty; [12] in others, such as Gaza, UN measures led to recriminations and\ndeadlock in the political forums (Harris Rimmer 2009b). The debate of the Goldstone\nreport in the Human Rights Council in this sitting has already been fraught. [13] As UNGA\n64 began, it was clear that no new country resolutions would be able to find their way to\na vote, no matter how bleak a situation was in terms of human suffering.\n\n\nWhat was particularly difficult in 2009 was to ensure the protection of civilians in\nminority groups (Tamils) or weak groups (Palestinians), even when there was evidence\nthat crimes against humanity or war crimes were occurring. Conversely, there is often\nrhetoric that military interventions are aimed at the protection of the rights of women and\nchildren in places such as Iraq and Afghanistan will little evidence of any improvement in\ntheir situation for many years afterwards (Harris Rimmer 2009c).\n\n\nIt is because of such complex and interrelated changes to the humanitarian and political\nlandscape that ideas such as human security have gained traction (Edwards 2009). What\nis needed, therefore, is for the prevention pillar of the R2P to be complex, nuanced and\nsubstantial in response to these challenges. The \u2018narrow but deep\u2019 approach articulated by\nthe Secretary-General in January is not reassuring in this regard.\n\n\n**Reactions to the prevention pillar**\n\n\nThe prevention pillar is the least analysed in the literature (McClean 2008: 17; Nasi 2009:\n2; Bellamy 2009: 118) and has the least institutional resources behind it (Nasi calls it the\n\u2018weakest link\u2019 2009: 5), yet it is the heart of R2P. [14] Based on the _Human Security Report_\n_2005_, Andrew Mack argued in 2008 that the Security Council should focus more on\npeace-making and post-conflict peace building, by promoting norms in resolutions,\nshaping the mandates of peace-keeping operations (PKO), and the referring of cases to\nthe International Criminal Court (ICC). In other words, there should be incremental but\npractical changes made to implement the responsibility to react.\n\n\nI argue that the UN must also improve its conflict prevention mechanisms, under which a\ntruly \u2018deep\u2019 prevention approach means granting a higher political value to the human\nrights and gender work of the UN and building better networks with communities\n(Edwards 2009: 805 citing Guterres). The narrow focus on prevention of conflict has no\nspecific UN machinery or structure behind it if the human rights and development work\nof the UN is excluded. Thus at present, the R2P prevention pillar lacks adequate\ninstitutional and conceptual foundations.\n\n\n12 11th special session of the Human Rights Council: \"The human rights situation in Sri Lanka\" - 26 and 27\nMay 2009; Adopted resolution S/11/1 \u2018Assistance to Sri Lanka in the promotion and protection of human\nrights\u2019.\n13 Final report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, 15 September 2009, due\nfor debate on 29 September 2009, available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/\nspecialsession/9/docs/UNFFMGC_Report.pdf.\n14 As the Secretary-General recently warned, \u2018[t]he world is over-armed and peace is under-funded\u2019.\nSecretary-General's opening address to the 62nd Annual DPI/NGO Conference \u2013 \u2018For Peace and\nDevelopment: Disarm Now!\u2019 Mexico City, 9 September 2009.\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on a close reading of the Secretary-General\u2019s speech, and structured around the\nanalysis of this issue raised by Alex Bellamy in a recent article in _International Studies_\n_Perspectives_ (Bellamy 2009), my argument is that the \u2018narrow but deep\u2019 strategy for\nprevention activities is politically understandable but logically misconceived, and will\nmilitate against the doctrine holding value for the protection activities of UNHCR and\nother actors.\n\n\nI address Bellamy's six arguments against broadening the scope of protection activities\nfrom a human rights and human security perspective. One particular point of difference is\nthe attitude taken to economic injustice and forced displacement. The mismatch between\ncivilian\u2019s fear of displacement in armed conflict, captured by a recent ICRC survey, and\nthe way R2P deals with refugees and IDPs provides an excellent example of how R2P\ncould benefit from voices from below.\n\n\nThe 2009 developments show a clear shift away from the idea of prevention of root\ncauses in the ICISS report (2001: 23). Bellamy argues that the ICISS report put forward\nan \u2018unclear conception of prevention\u2019 (2009: 119). He notes that diplomatic ideas of\nprevention are associated with early warning, preventative diplomacy, and crisis\nmanagement (119), as opposed to structural prevention focused on the root causes of\nconflict such as economic inequality and underdevelopment.\n\n\nComponents of conflict prevention under this conception \u2018point to good governance,\nhuman and minority rights, environmental protection, security sector reform and legal\nreform\u2019 as crucial elements (120), in other words, a classic human security approach.\nBellamy has six problems with this approach from an \u2018R2P advocate\u2019 perspective. He\nclaims:\n\n\n1. It is difficult to discern measures directed specifically at conflict\nprevention and those only indirectly related to violence. Structural\nprevention makes it \u2018almost impossible\u2019 to \u2018define a clear range of\nmeasures\u2019.\n\n\n2. There is no direct causal link between economic equality and the\ncommission of genocide and mass atrocities (citing Nazi Germany and\nFormer Yugoslavia as examples).\n\n\n3. There are myriad political problems with attaching structural prevention\nto R2P, because states would claim interference with domestic affairs.\n\n\n4. A focus on structural prevention would create \u2018turf\u2019 issues between\ndiplomats and development actors.\n\n\n5. There is a branding issue \u2013 advocates need \u2018to protect R2P\u2019s conceptual\nidentity against those who would weaken it by applying it to scenarios\nsuch as generalized human rights abuse or environmental degradation\u2019.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6. There is no support in the Global South for such a widening of R2P to\ninclude structural prevention. (120)\n\n\nBellamy notes that this \u2018is _not_ an argument for narrowing the scope of conflict prevention\nper se\u2019 (120), and then goes on to focus efforts under R2P on the protection of civilians\nby peacekeepers (as does Nasi 2009) and early warning diplomatic efforts (120-124).\nOne might put forward arguments about the factual claims in contentions 2 and 6.\n\n\nOne might also comment that the six objections display a certain defensiveness, which\nmay be a reaction to the politics involved. There is also an absence of interest in the aims\nof UN beyond the maintenance of international peace and security in very traditional\nterms, where refugees remain burdens. For a doctrine built on human rights norms, there\nis a strange relationship between the two, and the same could be said for human rights in\nthe Security Council generally (McClean 2008: 15).\n\n\n**A critical analysis**\n\n\nR2P is cloaked in human security language, but the World Summit Outcome emphasised\na very traditional sense of security and sovereignty as exercised by high diplomacy\nbacked by the threat of military intervention (McClean 2008: 12, 13). R2P therefore\nspeaks of the importance of the prevention of mass atrocities but Bellamy is right that this\ndoes not mean the type of \u2018structural prevention\u2019 or human rights violations leading to\nforcible displacement that refugee and IDP advocates might strive for.\n\n\nThe problem with Bellamy\u2019s argument is, of course, that it is not preventative at all. The\ndeployment of peacekeepers, the crisis management activities of diplomats, these all flow\nfrom an armed conflict already in full flight, from the international community acting, as\nit usually does, within a \u2018discipline of crisis\u2019 (Charlesworth 2002).\n\n\nThe causal links between structural inequality and mass atrocity crimes which Bellamy\nneeds as proof of worth will vary with context and will not come sign-posted as leading\nto genocide, and might happen at a blisteringly rapid pace. It is more likely that the link\nto genocide and mass atrocity will not be found in relation to minority groups or weak\nstates. Is the link between military intervention and protection of civilians backed by any\nfirm evidence? Rwanda is the situation the world wants to avoid, but even in Rwanda\nevents may unfold differently in the future.\n\n\nA preventative approach to the risk of mass atrocity means that such interventions may\nsometimes be proved wrong, because judgments are made genuinely before the fact.\nGetting that judgment as correct as possible will be crucial. Fears that the intervention\npillar has the capacity to undermine the neutrality of humanitarian assistance are wellfounded, and this will affect the credibility of the prevention and reaction pillars.\n\n\nIn my view, the best basis of protection of civilians in a time of conflict is trust in the\ninternational community during peacetime, and the best chance of an early warning is to\nhold a legitimate place of trust in the affected community beforehand, as a neutral\nsupporter and provider of human rights protections and development assistance. This is a\ncontention which requires research data to test it.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The most effective organisation in providing protection in Gaza this year, in my view,\nwas the ICRC and the Red Cross family, but because of the confidentiality requirements\nof their mandate, their role in protection does not allow for the broader task of alerting\nthe international community to an impending crisis. Notably UNRWA is developing a\nstronger protection focus.\n\n\nThe best providers of protection assistance might often be non-governmental, but an\novert protection mandate will require adjustment for many agencies. [15] The future success\nof the prevention pillar in part relies on taking civil society organisations seriously and\nthe voice of civilians more seriously to ask their consent in building the foundations of\ntrust. The Global South may better respond to this approach, and the R2P \u2018brand\u2019 may\nalso benefit in the process.\n\n\nA key feature of human rights and human security is that \u2018people matter\u2019 (McClean 2008:\n21; Edwards 2009: 787, 802). R2P rhetoric espouses this, but the implementation phase\nlacks any sense of the importance of the empowerment of affected civilians (Orford\n2009:1011), and does not acknowledge the participation rights built into the humanitarian\nagencies of the UN, or even the \u2018soft power\u2019 approaches of the UNGA Third Committee.\n\n\nOften it seems that R2P is the forum for a conversation or power struggle between the\nUNGA and the Security Council, rather than outreach from the UN to civilians in need of\nprotection, who are mainly in the Global South (Orford 2009: 995). While some scholars\nhave pointed out that the development and promotion of R2P have overlooked important\nperspectives, such as those of women (McPhedran, Sherret and Bon 2005), dissonant\nvoices \u2018from below\u2019 have not yet been adequately acknowledged by the R2P mainstream.\n\n\nThe voices of civilians from the Global South have insights to offer. Forced displacement\nis a primary fear of civilians experiencing armed conflict, and I assert that prevention of\ndisplacement will go a long way to preventing genocide and mass atrocities. How far is\nan inexact science, but in my view that such prevention would be a sounder investment\nby the international community than a pure focus on peacekeeping and diplomacy.\n\n\nA recent ICRC survey _Our world. Views from the field_ gave voice to the impact of\nhostilities on civilians. It asked civilians about their personal experiences, needs, worries,\nexpectations and frustrations of conflict-affected populations in eight countries:\nAfghanistan, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Georgia, Haiti,\nLebanon, Liberia and the Philippines.\n\n\nOf the more than 4,000 people surveyed, 44% overall said they had personally\nexperienced armed conflict. The highest figures were in Liberia (96%), Lebanon (75%)\nand Afghanistan (60%). Around 66% of all respondents said they had felt the\nconsequences of hostilities, even if they did not consider themselves personally or\ndirectly affected. This includes almost everyone in Lebanon (96%), Liberia (96%), Haiti\n\n15 Many humanitarian aid workers have difficulty with the concept of protection and argue that going\nbeyond delivering food, medicine and shelter could lead to denial of access and to their own expulsion. It is\npolitical, they say, to advocate for the physical safety and human rights of IDPs, and will interfere with\ntheir relationships with governments on humanitarian and development issues. Other aid workers, however,\nconsider protection essential to their work, and argue that when genocide and atrocity crimes are being\ncommitted, neutrality is not an option\u2019 (Cohen 2009).\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(98%) and Afghanistan (96%).\n\n\nThe survey reveals that displacement, separation from family members and a lack of\naccess to basic necessities are among people's most common experiences and biggest\nfears (2009: 3). It also gives a rare insight into what people on the ground fear most from\nconflict and what they want from the international community. It is my contention that\nthe R2P doctrine and UN machinery should be more attuned to these express desires and\nfears.\n\n\nThere may therefore, be better ways than those envisaged by the R2P doctrine of\nmaintaining and enhancing a civilian humanitarian 'space' in a conflict or emergency\nzone, and of course Bellamy states that the narrow approach of R2P does not detract from\nother conflict prevention activities. But in political terms, it does just that - all the\n'oxygen' has so far been taken by military intervention aspect of the doctrine. The game\nso far is a zero-sum game.\n\n\nIn the 1990s there was a nascent debate about a right to humanitarian assistance and the\nneed for a 'humanitarian space' for NGOs (building from the Red Cross protections in the\nGeneva Conventions) that seems to have been completely derailed in this decade in UN\nforums by discussions about the military intervention aspects of the R2P doctrine. There\nwere some positive signs that this debate was coming back into vogue in the SecretaryGeneral\u2019s recent report on the protection of civilians in May and the High Commissioner\nfor Human Rights report on the prevention of genocide for the 10 [th] session of the Human\nRights Council. [16]\n\n\nFinally, the narrow focus of prevention excluding serious human rights violations is\nmisguided because the international criminal offences in question were not designed as a\nbasis for preventative activity, but for justice and punishment (Orford 2009: 1006). The\n2007 _Bosnian Genocide_ case in the ICJ does give useful guidance on the components of a\nstate\u2019s responsibility to prevent genocide (McClean 2008: 23).\n\n\nBut these crimes, especially genocide, sit at the apex of human rights law, as part of a\ncontinuum of violations which deny common humanity and integrity of an individual.\nGeneralised human rights violations or environmental disasters may need to engage R2P\nin a particular context, depending where they sit on the continuum, as they may be the\nbest indicator of crimes against humanity unfolding. If the aim is truly prevention of mass\natrocities, we need to keep an open mind. Cohen explains:\n\n\nWhile atrocity crimes can be expected to produce emergency situations and\ndisplacement, they are not the only cause. There will be many humanitarian\nsituations where R2P will not apply. Natural disasters and climate change, for\nexample, can be expected to uproot tens of millions and create severe\nassistance and protection problems. R2P advocates have ruled out applying\nthe concept to natural disasters, but this decision may be questionable in cases\nwhere crimes against humanity are committed in response to disasters and the\nvictims are in need of international protection. The debate over Cyclone\nNargis in Burma brought that problem to the fore (2009).\n\n16 S/2009/277, 29 May 2009, and A/HRC/10/25 (advanced unedited version).\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The arguments to keep a narrow prevention focus are more logical when considering the\npolitics of the triggers for interventions, or timely and decisive action. Those triggers\nshould have a firm and objective basis in international law. Prevention activities should\nbuild on those exceptions to sovereignty that are already accepted by most states, longterm, culturally appropriate human rights and development work, and as bottom-up as\npossible.\n\n\nSo the prevention pillar of R2P at present faces the real prospect of being \u2018narrow but\nshallow\u2019, forcing a rebranding of the work of the human rights and humanitarian agencies\nof the UN, but not making any real attempt to make this relevant architecture of the UN\nfocus on proactive attempts to prevent serious human rights violations or prevent forced\ndisplacement as a protection activity.\n\n\nAnne Orford would not be surprised by this finding. She states that the R2P doctrine\n\u2018stands in a complicated relationship to a long tradition of absolutist or authoritarian state\ntheorising in which the relation between state and subject was figured in terms of\nprotection and obedience\u2019 (Orford 2008).\n\n\nShe argues that the overall effect of this is \u2018radically to politicize the international law\nrelating to human rights and development, use of force and post-conflict administration\u2019\n(2008). The juncture faced by refugee and IDP advocates may be to eschew R2P, unless\ntheir support can be earned by a genuine focus on the prevention of forced displacement\namongst its goals.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nMarc Anthony\u2019s famous eulogy in Shakespeare\u2019s Julius Caesar offers a series of\ninversions, denouncing Casaer\u2019s murderers while seeming to praise them. Unlike him I\nhave come to praise R2P, not bury it, noting that R2P advocates are \u2018all honourable men\u2019.\nBut the doctrine needs more work to become something conceptually sound and useful\nfor refugee and IDP protection. Based on an analysis of the 2009 debates, refugee and\nIDP protection is peripheral to the R2P doctrine, and may be excluded from activities\nunder the prevention pillar.\n\n\nI have argued that more analytical complexity around the idea of prevention is welcome,\nand more nuance and critique is required in implementing the prevention pillar of the\nR2P, not less. It would benefit from the insights of many intellectual fields of study \u2013\ncriminology, human security \u2013 not just international relations or law. This broadening and\ndeepening may improve R2P\u2019s political reputation with the Global South as well. In\nparticular, R2P currently displays a very top-down approach, antithetical to the human\nrights basis of the doctrine. I have argued that:\n\n\nThe need to maintain a high threshold/hierarchy of crimes such as genocide as a trigger\nfor intervention is logical but flawed when applied to the prevention pillar. This is most\nobvious when it comes to the treatment of refugees and IDPs by the R2P doctrine. A\n'narrow' focus that does not consider structural gender inequality, economic injustice or\nminority rights is unlikely to prevent genocide and mass atrocity.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Prevention strategies rely on \u2018soft power\u2019 but are narrowly defined again to mean UN\u2019s\npolitical arm, diplomacy and SC actions other than military. Civil society actors need to\nbecome more central to the realisation of R2P aims.\n\n\nThe combination of these two flaws plus lack of ongoing UN engagement in developing\ncountries which emphasise the protection of the human rights of civilians in times of\npeace, mean that there is a weakened basis for humanitarian assistance to minority groups\nwithin a state, or weak groups/states during conflict.\n\n\nThe R2P doctrine could be more important if it moved beyond the concept of passive\nprotection needs to a focus on the rights of those affected by conflict to design solutions\nfor its resolution. This may be the real test of R2P.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e2537dbd-a79e-305a-9a90-75e03a893f25/E02F5556457A246E852576E200700470-unhcr-responsibility-to-protect-mar2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_329/raw/doc_329_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_329/raw/doc_329_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d18204fa741d3b36fc16df9c45bf4cf5f3774a0c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_329/raw/doc_329_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 \ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \ufe9f\u062f\ufbfe\u062f \ufbfe\ufedb\ufeb7\u0641 \ufecb\u0646 \u0627\ufee7\ufe97\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \ufea7\u0637\ufbfe\u0631\u0629 \ufe91\ufea3\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8b\ufbfe\u0646 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufbad\ufe8e\ufe9f\u0631\ufbfe\u0646 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0631\ufea3\ufefc\ufe97\ufbad\u0645 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufea3\u0644 \u0627\ufef9\ufed3\u0631\ufbfe\ufed8\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee3\ufe97\u0648\ufeb3\u0637- \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufed4\u0648\ufebf\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n\n**[\ufe97\ufe92\ufeae\ufecb\ufeee\u0627 \u0627\ufef5\u0646](https://giving.unhcr.org/general/)** **[\ufe91\ufea4\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629\u061f](https://help.unhcr.org/ar/)**\n\n# **\ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufbfe\ufeae \ufe9f\ufeaa\ufbfe\ufeaa \ufbfe\ufedc\ufeb8\ufed2 \ufecb\ufee6 \u0627\ufee7\ufe98\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \ufea7\ufec4\ufbff\ufeae\u0629 \ufe91\ufea4\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\ufbff\ufee6 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufbad\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufeae\ufbfe\ufee6 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644** **\u0631\ufea3\ufefc\ufe97\ufbad\ufee2 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufea3\ufede \u0627\ufef9\ufed3\ufeae\ufbfe\ufed8\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufe98\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2**\n\n.\ufee3\ufecc\ufec8\ufee2 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufbfe\ufee6 \ufbfe\ufeb4\ufee0\ufedc\ufeee\u0646 \u06be\ufeac\u0647 \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufeae\u0642 \ufbfe\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \ufbfe\ufeb8\ufbad\ufeaa\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\ufebf\ufe8e\ufecb\ufe8e \ufed7\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufbff\ufe94 \u0648\ufefb \u0625\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufbff\ufe94 \ufefb \ufe97\ufeee\ufebb\ufed2\n\n\n[English | Espa\u00f1ol | Fran\u00e7ais | 2020 \ufbfe\ufeee\ufedf\ufbff\ufeee/ \ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\u063229](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/7/5f1ee9314/thousands-refugees-migrants-suffer-extreme-rights-abuses-journeys-africas.html)\n\n\n\ufe97\ufee2 \u0627\ufecb\ufe98\ufed8\ufe8e\u0644 \u0637\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufee0\ufea0\ufeee\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u062f\u0627\ufee7\ufef2 \ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeae \ufe91\ufeb8\ufedc\ufede \ufecf\ufbff\ufeae \ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\ufee7\ufef2 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \u0625\ufea3\ufeaa\u0649 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufbff\ufee0\ufbff\ufeb8\ufbff\ufe8e\u062a \ufed3\ufef2 \ufedf\ufbff\ufe92\ufbff\ufe8e. \ufe91\ufecc\ufeaa \u0625\ufe9f\ufefc\ufe8b\ufbab \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeae \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufe8e\u0646 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufbff\ufea0\ufeae\u060c \ufbfe\ufe98\ufed4\ufea4\ufeba \u06be\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed4\ufbab \ufed3\ufef2 \ufee3\ufea8\ufbff\ufee2 \u0622\ufedf\ufbff\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe92\ufeee\u0631\n\nUNHCR / John Wendle \u00a9 .2019 \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe8e\u0631\u0626 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u062c \ufee7\ufbff\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef2\u060c \ufed3\ufef2 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufbfe\ufeee\n\n\n\u0627\ufef5\ufefb\u0641 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\ufbff\ufee6 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufbad\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufeae\ufbfe\ufee6 \ufbfe\ufee4\ufeee\ufe97\ufeee\u0646\u060c \ufe91\ufbff\ufee8\ufee4\ufe8e \ufbfe\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufedc\ufe9c\ufbff\ufeae \ufee3\ufee8\ufbad\ufee2 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufee7\ufe98\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \ufe9f\ufeb4\ufbff\ufee4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufea4\ufed8\ufeee\u0642 \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0631\ufea3\ufefc\u062a \ufecf\ufbff\ufeae\n\n.\ufee7\ufec8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufbff\ufe94 \ufe91\ufbff\ufee6 \ufecf\ufeae\u0628 \u0648\ufeb7\ufeae\u0642 \u0625\ufed3\ufeae\ufbfe\ufed8\ufbff\ufe8e \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufea3\ufede \u0627\ufef9\ufed3\ufeae\ufbfe\ufed8\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufe92\ufea4\ufeae \u0627\ufef7\ufe91\ufbff\ufebe \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press/2020/7/5f21517d4.html 1/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7695dce8-0010-3385-9cb8-8e24f5ed4d0b/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", 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\u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufe98\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe92\ufee0\ufece \ufecb\ufee8\ufbad\ufe8e\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press/2020/7/5f21517d4.html 2/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7695dce8-0010-3385-9cb8-8e24f5ed4d0b/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 \ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \ufe9f\u062f\ufbfe\u062f \ufbfe\ufedb\ufeb7\u0641 \ufecb\u0646 \u0627\ufee7\ufe97\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \ufea7\u0637\ufbfe\u0631\u0629 \ufe91\ufea3\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8b\ufbfe\u0646 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufbad\ufe8e\ufe9f\u0631\ufbfe\u0646 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0631\ufea3\ufefc\ufe97\ufbad\u0645 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\u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufeee\u0631 \u0648\ufeb7\ufbad\ufe8e\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufbff\ufeaa\ufbfe\ufeee \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee0\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufe98\ufe8e\u062d \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u06be\ufeac\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\u0627\ufe91\ufec2**\n\n**[https://www.unhcr.org/5f1ab91a7](https://www.unhcr.org/5f1ab91a7)**\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press/2020/7/5f21517d4.html 3/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7695dce8-0010-3385-9cb8-8e24f5ed4d0b/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 \ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \ufe9f\u062f\ufbfe\u062f \ufbfe\ufedb\ufeb7\u0641 \ufecb\u0646 \u0627\ufee7\ufe97\ufbad\ufe8e\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a 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\ufe97\ufeb8\ufe8e\u0631\ufedf\ufef2 \ufbfe\ufe8e\ufedb\ufeb4\ufee0\ufef2](mailto:yaxley@unhcr.org)\n\n[+216 299 255 06 gluck@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufe97\ufeee\ufee7\ufeb2\u060c \ufedb\ufe8e\u0631\u0648\ufedf\ufbff\ufee6 \ufecf\ufee0\ufeee\u0643](mailto:gluck@unhcr.org)\n\n[+254 733 440536 hughes@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufee7\ufbff\ufeae\u0648\ufe91\ufef2\u060c \u062f\u0627\ufee7\ufe8e \u06be\ufbff\ufeee\u0632](mailto:hughes@unhcr.org)\n[+221 786 396 385 desclous@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \u062f\u0627\ufedb\ufe8e\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\u0646 \u062f\ufbfe\ufeb4\ufedc\ufee0\ufeee](mailto:desclous@unhcr.org)\n\n[+962 790 04 58 49 aminr@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufecb\ufee4\u0651\ufe8e\u0646\u060c \u0631\ufedf\ufef0 \u0623\ufee3\ufbff\ufee6](mailto:aminr@unhcr.org)\n[+1 347 443 7646 mahoney@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufee7\ufbff\ufeee\ufbfe\ufeee\u0631\u0643\u060c \ufedb\ufe8e\ufe9b\ufeae\ufbfe\ufee6 \ufee3\ufe8e\u06be\ufeee\ufee7\ufef2](mailto:mahoney@unhcr.org)\n\n[+44 777 5566 127 padoan@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee8\ufeaa\u0646\u060c \ufedf\ufeee\u0631\u0627 \ufe91\ufe8e\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646](mailto:padoan@unhcr.org%3C)\n[+33 6 23 16 11 78 schmittc@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0631\ufbfe\ufeb2\u060c \ufeb3\ufbff\ufee0\ufbff\ufee6 \ufeb7\ufee4\ufbff\ufe96](mailto:schmittc@unhcr.org)\n\n[+39 349 084 3461 fossi@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \u0631\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\u060c \ufed3\ufbff\ufeaa\ufbfe\ufeae\ufbfe\ufedc\ufeee \ufed3\ufeee\ufeb3\ufef2](mailto:fossi@unhcr.org)\n[+39 33 85 46 29 32 molinarb@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \u0631\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\u060c \ufe91\ufe8e\u0631\ufe91\ufeae\u0627 \ufee3\ufeee\ufedf\ufbff\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631\u0648](mailto:molinarb@unhcr.org)\n\n[+34 670 661 263 vegam@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufee3\ufeaa\u0631\ufbfe\ufeaa\u060c \ufee3\ufe8e\u0631\ufbfe\ufe8e \ufea7\ufbff\ufeb4\ufeee\u0633 \ufed3\ufbff\ufed0\ufe8e](mailto:vegam@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\ufbfe\ufeee\ufedf\ufbff\ufeee. \u0648\ufeb3\ufbff\ufeb8\ufee4\ufede29 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\u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufe98\ufeae\ufee7\ufe96 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufeb0\u0627\ufe8b\ufeae\n\ufecb\ufe9c\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufe91\ufee0\ufe92\ufbff\ufeb2\u060c \ufedb\ufe92\ufbff\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeb8\ufe8e\u0631\ufbfe\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufed7\ufee0\ufbff\ufee4\ufbff\ufbff\ufee6 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\ufedf\ufbff\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\ufbad\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \ufedf\ufeaa\u0649 \ufee3\ufedc\ufe98\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeaa\ufbfe\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\u0645 \ufedf\ufee0\ufeb8\ufeae\u0642 \u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufeb3\ufec2 \u0648\ufeb7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644\n\n\u0625\ufed3\ufeae\ufbfe\ufed8\ufbff\ufe8e\n\n\n\ufbfe\ufee4\ufedc\ufee6 \ufedf\ufee0\ufebc\ufea4\ufed4\ufbff\ufbff\ufee6 \ufe97\ufee0\ufed8\ufef2 \u062f\ufecb\ufeee\u0629 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufeb8\ufe8e\u0631\ufedb\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \ufee3\ufee8\ufebc\ufe94 \u0632\u0648\u0645 \ufecb\ufee6 \u0637\ufeae\ufbfe\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\u0627\ufebb\ufede \ufee3\ufeca \ufe97\ufeb8\ufe8e\u0631\ufedf\ufef2 \ufbfe\ufe8e\ufedb\ufeb4\ufee0\ufef2 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0\n\n[/http://webtv.un.org . \ufeb3\ufbff\ufe98\ufee2 \ufe91\ufe9a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeaa\u062b \ufee3\ufe92\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeae\u0629 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0yaxley@unhcr.org](mailto:yaxley@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufefb\ufe97\ufea0\ufe8e\u0631 \ufedf\ufee4\ufedc\ufe8e\ufed3\ufea4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee4\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \ufef3\ufeee\u0645 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufbff\ufeee _30_ \ufef3\ufeee\u0645 \ufef3\ufebc\ufe8e\u062f\u0641\n\n## \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb0\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0623\ufea7\ufe92\ufe8e\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \ufebb\ufee0\ufe94\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7695dce8-0010-3385-9cb8-8e24f5ed4d0b/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press/2020/7/5f21517d4.html 5/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7695dce8-0010-3385-9cb8-8e24f5ed4d0b/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_33/raw/doc_33_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_33/raw/doc_33_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 74e36644edc089eeec29f840be0d99915a894ee6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_33/raw/doc_33_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,345 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **JOSINA MACHEL,** **PEMBA, CABO** **DELGADO,** **MOZAMBIQUE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n#### Key Message\n\n\nGBV is a grave concern in urban displacement settings of Cabo Delgado such as\nthe vulnerable neighbourhoods of Pemba. In spite of the significant GBV risks in\nurban displacement settings there is a grave lack of access to basic services for\nsurvivors. In particular healthcare, compressive case management, safety support\n(including safe shelter and women and girls' safe spaces), and access to justice.\nIncreased resourcing is urgently needed for quality GBV services in urban\ndisplacement locations in Cabo Delgado.\n\n\n_The report presents the main findings of the GBV Safety Audit conducted in the_\n\n_neighbourhood of Josina Machel, City of Pemba, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, in June_\n\n_2022._\n\n\n_The report promotes the UNHCR Policy on The Prevention Of, Risk Mitigation, And_\n\n_Response to Gender-Based Violence of 2020._\n\n\n2 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.993122398853302, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9063843488693237, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8725973963737488, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n## Introduction and Methodology\n\n\nThe aim of the GBV Safety Audits, as a participatory assessment tool with the community, is\n\nto understand the specific GBV risks, community response and prevention mechanisms, and\n\nrelevant gaps regarding access to quality services for GBV survivors, and women and girls\n\nat displacement sites. The Safety Audits are also a rapid GBV assessment and community\n\nengagement tool that informs UNHCR and partner specialized GBV services, as well as all\n\nhumanitarian sector programmes GBV risk reduction and mainstreaming actions.\n\n\nJosina Machel is a neighbourhood situated in the city of Pemba. According to official available\n\ndata, the neighbourhood is hosting a population of 44,089 inhabitants, which includes 23,672\n\ninternally displaced inhabitants. Thus, the IDP population is larger than the host community,\n\nand women and children represent the majority of IDPs.\n\n\nThe GBV Safety Audit applied a qualitative and participatory approach. Three main tools\n\nwere implemented to collect data on GBV risks and response mechanisms. These tools were:\n\n\n**Safety Walks** aim to observe, together with women focal points from the community, the\n\nconditions of the site, capture the main aspects risks related to the urban community\n\ninfrastructure and different humanitarian sectors' services and their impact on GBV risks, and\n\nidentify potential restraints in the access to services.\n\n\n**Focus Groups Discussions (FGD)** facilitate gaining greater insight and\n\nunderstanding, among the IDP community, regarding their perceptions of GBV. With a\n\nmaximum of 10 participants to engage the group in a deeper discussion, the FGDs are tools\n\napplied to identify risk factors, as well as strategies to be adopted to increase safety and\n\nminimize the risks of GBV in communities, including community response mechanisms and\n\nservice provision.\n\n\n**Community Mapping** is a visual exercise conducted through the FGD which asks\n\nparticipants to draw or mark the areas that they or a particular group feel are safe/unsafe in\n\nthe IDP site or surroundings. It is equally a visual tool to identify critical service-gaps,\n\nincluding any access challenges.\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9825406670570374, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "participatory assessment tool with the community", - "confidence": 0.8260577321052551, - "start": 26, - "end": 32 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8279948830604553, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6729922294616699, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.6376294493675232, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official available\n\ndata", - "confidence": 0.8086317777633667, - "start": 117, - "end": 120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Josina Machel", - "confidence": 0.6742824912071228, - "start": 103, - "end": 105 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5366202592849731, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Safety Audit", - "confidence": 0.9549016952514648, - "start": 165, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7983561158180237, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community Mapping", - "confidence": 0.9964724779129028, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "IDP site", - "confidence": 0.8694555759429932, - "start": 369, - "end": 371 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9137083292007446, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n## Findings\n\n\nKey findings from the Safety Audit in Josina Machel indicate that displaced women and girls\n\nare at highest risk of GBV in the neighbourhood. They are highly exposed to sexual violence,\n\nsexual harassment, and abuse - including by security forces and staff in schools - and\n\nintimate partner violence (IPV). Displaced women and girls in Pemba might also have\n\nexperienced abduction and sexual exploitation by NSAGs before displacement and whilst\n\nfleeing attacks. Early marriage is also GBV risk; also, some girls, particularly displaced girls,\n\nare involved in the sale of sex, which is a major sexual exploitation concern and can expose\n\nthem to risks of other forms for GBV also. People selling sex have been identified as a group\n\nat highest risk of GBV, particularly physical and economic violence by clients. Women and\n\ngirls with disabilities are also a group at risk of GBV.\n\n\nGBV services are still limited in the neighbourhood and GBV survivors face various barriers\n\nin accessing them. Limited presence of health services may prevent GBV survivors from\n\nseeking medical care, especially if GBV incidents occur at night. Limited knowledge of\n\nservices availability, particularly among displaced women and girls, lack of confidence in the\n\ncapacity of police to achieve survivor-centred outcomes in cases, legal fees and fear of\n\nstigma and discrimination may also deter GBV survivors from accessing justice. Community\n\nstigma and discrimination is a deterrent to seek support, particularly in case of sexual\n\nviolence against girls. Survivors are often not able to access GBV services directly but must\n\ngo through community leadership structures, they face lack of confidentiality of their situation\n\nas information is often shared within the community.\n\n\nBuilding on the findings of the Safety Audit, UNHCR and partners aim to design interventions\n\n\nwith the objective of mitigating GBV risks and improving response for survivors through\n\n\nactively engaging all humanitarian sectors and the community, and by raising awareness,\n\n\nand addressing the urgent need for holistic GBV case management services in the\n\n\nneighbourhood of Josina Machel in Pemba.\n\n\nThe tables below summarize the main perceptions of GBV risks and awareness of available\n\n\nservices of the community related to GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response in the\n\n\nsetting, as well as the findings of the observational Safety Walk.\n\n\n4 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|District|Pemba|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Site/Location**|Josina Machel Neighbourhood|Josina Machel Neighbourhood|Josina Machel Neighbourhood|Josina Machel Neighbourhood|\n|**Date**|14,17 and 21 of June 2022|14,17 and 21 of June 2022|14,17 and 21 of June 2022|14,17 and 21 of June 2022|\n|**Agencies/organizations conducting**
**the Safety Audit**|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|UNHCR/CUAMM|\n|**Focus Group Discussion # of**
**participants**|**Women**|**Men**|**Adolescent**
**Boys**|**Adolescent**
**Girls**|\n|**Focus Group Discussion # of**
**participants**|**19**|**25**|**7 **|**7 **|\n|**Age Breakdown**|(14) 19 - 59|(17) 19 \u2013 59
(2) 60+|(7) 14 \u2013 18
|(7) 14 \u2013 18
|\n|**Districts of Origin**|Pemba (host community), Mocimboa da Praia, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Meluco, Ancuabe, Nantule, Quissanga (IDPs)|Pemba (host community), Mocimboa da Praia, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Meluco, Ancuabe, Nantule, Quissanga (IDPs)|Pemba (host community), Mocimboa da Praia, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Meluco, Ancuabe, Nantule, Quissanga (IDPs)|Pemba (host community), Mocimboa da Praia, Macomia, Muidumbe,
Meluco, Ancuabe, Nantule, Quissanga (IDPs)|\n\n### Safety-Walk Findings\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sector|Findings|\n|---|---|\n|**General Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household level) **|**Lighting information**
All participants mentioned that limited public lighting is a great concern in the
neighbourhood, particularly at night. Households generally have access to lighting at
home.|\n|**General Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household level) **|**Shelter information**
Women community actors mentioned that many IDPs are living within hosting families.
Households were already overcrowded before the arrival of newly displaced people from
Ancuabe, which has put pressure on already difficult living conditions. IDPs, including
women, often have to sleep outside in the courtyard, which is considered as unsafe.
They also reported that some women may not know anyone in the city, so they have to
rent houses; house rentals might be very high (up to 5,000 MZT/78 USD per month). In
some situations, women reported giving a portion of their humanitarian food assistance
to pay for rent/stay with host families.|\n|**WASH (water**
**points, latrines,**
**showers) **|
**Water access**
Women community leaders mentioned that safe access to clean drinking water is a
challenge in the neighbourhood; water pumps exist in some blocks, but they often run
out of water. Some other families might have access to water only through buying it.
Some families in the neighbourhood have water wells; the owners may sell water, e.g.,
10 l of water might cost around 5 MZT; not all displaced women have financial means
to buy it.|\n|**WASH (water**
**points, latrines,**
**showers) **|
**Public latrine information**
No public latrines are available in the neighbourhood. Most houses have their own
latrines and IDPs use them. However, there is often only one latrine for each house and
therefore no privacy is ensured (e.g., lack solid doors/locks).|\n|**Facilities (schools,**
**learning spaces,**
**health, markets) and**
**Access to Land **|**Schools (primary and secondary)**
Children might attend the following primary and secondary schools: Arco Iris, Marcelino
dos Santos, SOS Aldeia das Crian\u00e7as, Colegio Liceal. Local schools require displaced
students to hand over the previous school certificate or any other documents to register.
If they are not able to hand it over, local school officers reportedly may ask for a bribe
to ensure displaced students\u2019 access to schools. Moreover, many displaced boys and
girls mentioned that they do not have means to pay for school materials, photocopies,
etc. Consequently, many displaced girls and boys still do not have access to education.

Men community leaders mentioned that displaced girls often abandon school due to lack
of resources and engage in small businesses (e.g., selling of street food). Boys|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9698789119720459, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7813641428947449, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR/CUAMM", - "confidence": 0.5746031999588013, - "start": 131, - "end": 134 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE", - "confidence": 0.5077386498451233, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7124188542366028, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussion", - "confidence": 0.5288856625556946, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.7851808071136475, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|mentioned that they often work as \u2018estivas/informal workers\u2019 instead of going to school:
they help traders to carry goods in exchange of 20-50 MTZ/30-80 cents USD, others
might be asked by their family members to help with small jobs; boys mentioned that
they are happy to gain some financial autonomy, but they also reported that they are
deprived of their right to education. Moreover, they might be exposed to harsh physical
conditions of child labour or other risks, such as entering criminal gangs, selling drugs,
etc.|\n|---|---|\n||**Distribution points info**
Most distributions happen within the neighbourhood committee, which includes few
women, next to the Mobilia Iuran, the SOS Aldeia and behind Shoprite. Committee
leaders and police might be present during distributions; NGOs staff might also be
present.|\n||
**Health Services**
No health centre is available in the neighbourhood. The closest health centres are the
E. Mondlane health centre and the Arco Iris health centre (between 30 minutes and one
hour walking); no traditional birth attendants are available in the neighbourhood.|\n||**Markets**
There is access to small local markets within the neighbourhood, so that women and
girls do not necessarily need to walk long distances to have access to basic items, they
may have to walk further to larger markets if they need specific items.|\n||**Livelihoods**
Very few women have access to \u2018_machambas_/small vegetable fields\u2019. Host community
women might have access to their own crops in Miezi, Nancaramo, Mpiri, Metuge which
is roughly 45 minutes by public transport. Very few IDP women have_machambas_ as
one of the main livelihoods activities they practiced pre-displacement.|\n|**Movements Inside**
**and Outside the**
**Neighbourhood **|**Risks on pathways and access points, curfews**
Informal curfews are in place in the neighbourhood; boys mentioned that they prefer not
to walk around after 6pm because of limited public lighting and the related risks such as
physical assault, sexual assault or rape. Men mentioned that displaced women and girls
often prefer to stay at home in order not to meet police who might sexually harass them,
especially if they do not have their identity card.|\n|**Presence of**
**Security and Other**
**Armed Actors**
**Barriers or**
**Checkpoints **|**Presence of security, police or armed forces **
Women community leaders mentioned that police presence is very limited in the
neighbourhood. Men also mentioned that community police are not present in the
neighbourhood anymore and that the police often patrol the neighbourhood only
between 4 \u2013 7pm.|\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n### Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Findings\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Area|Findings|\n|---|---|\n|**GBV and**
**Safety Risks**|













**GBV risks**

Women community leaders reported that**sexual violence** is a high GBV risk in the
neighbourhood. The community shared that risks of rape of girls with multiple perpetrators had
also been reported. Men also reported that women and girls are at highest risk of GBV,
particularly physical and sexual assault, when they go to fetch water early in the morning and
at night when they come home from school; it was reported that girls have been sexually
assaulted on their way home from school.

Girls reported that they feel most at risk of GBV at night, mainly due to the limited public lighting;
those who study at night might ask their family members to come and pick them up.

The limited presence of police, particularly at night-time, and the lack of community police is
perceived as a GBV risk factor by male community actors. However, security forces might also
be perceived as a GBV risk themselves: girls mentioned that they do not feel comfortable when
they meet security forces in the street; they often ask girls information about their movements;
they might even ask for their phone numbers and girls feel uncomfortable not to answer for fear
of retaliation. Men reported that police may request displaced women and girls to show their
ID; if they reply that they lost it during flight, the police might ask for money or for sex in
exchange for letting them go.

Girls and boys also mentioned that girls might be exposed to**sexual harassment and abuse**
at** school** by teachers.

Girls and boys mentioned also that**many girls in the neighbourhood** are involved in the sale
of** sex and are sexually exploited**in order to access to certain goods (e.g., smartphones,
better clothes, etc.). Boys reported that girls might de sexually exploited by older men; other
girls, particularly displaced girls, may be involved in the sale of sex mainly as a means of
obtaining essential goods due to their highly vulnerable living conditions. Both men and boys
reported that women and girls involved in the sale of sex might be exposed to different forms
of GBV; men mentioned that women and girls involved in the sale of sex who are beaten by
clients may seek help from a neighbourhood representative.

Women community members reported that some displaced women and girls arrived in Pemba
may have suffered**abductions and sexual violence by NSAGs** before displacement and
whilst fleeing attacks. The survivors usually did not seek or receive any services on the route
or when they arrived in Pemba. In some cases, women and girls who experience sexual
violence perpetrated by NSAG then face further risks of sexual exploitation when displaced;
the community reported that girls who were abducted and sexually abused by NSAGs and then
manage to escape and come to Pemba are forced to engage in sex work and experience
sexual exploitation to be able to survive as basic needs are not being met. Also, there are risks
of GBV perpetrated by security actors, often against girls, including situations of physical
violence towards girls by security guards and sexual harassment of girls by armed actors in the
community in Pemba. The actors may include police and military actors.

**Intimate partner violence (IPV)**is also a GBV risk in the neighbourhood, particularly reported
by host community women. Most women are economically dependent on their husbands, which
can increase IPV risks significantly. Marital rape, a form of IPV, is also occurring according to
the reports of men who told of men beating and insulting their wives if they tried to resist having
sex._(\u2018It is me who brings food at home, you do not bring anything at home, you depend on_
_me\u201d-_men focus group discussion participants shared examples of psychological IPV towards
women_)_. The men in the FGD identified this situation as marital rape but they felt that many|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|men in the community still consider it a man\u2019s \u2018right\u2019 to have sex with his wife. Thus it is
important to also ensure awareness of women and girls as well as men and boys.
Women and girls with disability are also highly exposed to GBV. Men reported that
adolescent girls with learning disabilities are at risk of sexual assault by adult men at their
homes during the day, while their family members/caregivers are out. Such cases are referred
to the community leaders and the police; however, they often do not receive police response
and the families/caregivers do not accompany survivors to the hospital.
Child marriage may also be a GBV risk but needs more in-depth assessment. Boys mentioned
situations where girls of 15 years old are forced by their parents to marry an older man.|\n|---|---|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Legal**

Women reported that GBV survivors might go to community tribunals to seek justice; however,
a 250 MZT/4 USD fee might be requested and not all women can afford it - although men
community actors highlighted displaced women are exempted from paying it. In general, GBV
cases, particularly sexual violence, are rarely reported to community tribunals; most reported
cases are of extra-marital relations, insults and defamation. An officer working at the
community tribunal mentioned that it has been a long time since they received any cases of
girl GBV survivors; he said that this is not due to the fact that cases are not happening, but
because girls are reluctant to seek help with the community tribunals. Girls confirmed that they
would never seek support from community tribunals in case of GBV; women and girls might
prefer not to report to community tribunals because of fear of shame and stigma.

Some cases might be reported to the police when they cannot be \u2018solved\u2019 within the families or
by community leaders; however, the lack of an immediate response discourages community
members and survivors in seeking help with police. Women mentioned that GBV survivors
often do not report incidents to police because they do not trust them. Moreover, GBV survivors
often do not know the name of their perpetrator and police often tell them that they cannot
report the incident without providing the full name of the perpetrator. Girls lack access to police
support and in some instances were turned away when they reported sexual harassment
cases.
|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Health**

No health centre is available within the neighbourhood. The closest health centres are the E.
Mondlane health centre and the Arco Iris health centre (between 30 minutes and one hour
walking); girls reported that not all girls have financial means to pay for transport to get to the
health centres, so they have to walk to the health centre and it is a long distance; moreover, it
might be risky to walk to the health centre especially at night. No traditional birth attendants are
available in the neighbourhood. Men confirmed that limited access to health services is a barrier
for survivors accessing support; moreover, pregnant women, including displaced women, might
be asked for a \u2018_refresco/_bribe\u2019 at the health centres to access appropriate treatment.|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal and**
**Access to**
**Justice, Health**
**and Mental**
**Health, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|**Food Security**

Men community leaders reported that not all displaced women are able to get access to
distributions, particularly those who do not hold any documentation (identity document, voter
card, or a temporary ID (\u2018_espera bilhete\u2019_); IDPs who do not own any ID might receive some
leftovers. They complained that the limited access to legal documentation services for
displaced people in the city is consequently limiting also IDPs access to humanitarian
distributions. Some displaced women were included in the distribution lists; however, they
might be asked about how long they have been displaced and if they reply for more than one
year, they might be removed from the list by the community leaders.
IDPs who have access to food distributions are often forced to hand over the donations to
hosting families. As a consequence, displaced women often sell their food donations in order
to access an income to be able to open a small business and be less dependent on food
donations and hosting families.|\n\n\n\n8 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nThe recommendations listed below are linked to the findings of the Safety Audit. This list is not exhaustive and will\n\nbe presented to the services providers and the community with the aim that they can work together to develop an\n\nintegrated GBV risk reduction and response plan for the setting.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Area|Recommendations|Action Plan|\n|---|---|---|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|Engage with the community to improve awareness
and safe access to the UNHCR-CUAMM GBV case
management and MHPSS services provided for
GBV survivors, access to UNHCR-CUAMM safe
spaces as well as other GBV services, such as
health centres and_Gabinete de atendimento a_
_mulheres e crian\u00e7as vitimas de violencia_. Engage
with community actors who have been identified as
the main entry points for GBV cases such as
community woman leaders, traditional midwives
(_\u2018matronas\u2019_) as well as any other humanitarian actors
involved in the GBV response already present to
build their capacity on GBV and to make survivor-
centred referrals.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|GBV engagement sessions with women and girls on
GBV including child marriage, intimate partner,
sexual violence and sexual exploitation and abuse.
This should include sessions to discuss sensitive
issues such as sexual and reproductive health,
including
safe
sex,
family
planning,
early
pregnancies, safe abortion.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|GBV engagement sessions with associations of
people who sell sex and any other NGOs working
with people selling or exchanging sex, including
sessions on GBV, safe sex, sexual and reproductive
health, and psychosocial support.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|Facilitate safe spaces for women and girls in the
neighbourhood and promote safe access to quality
GBV case management, PSS support, legal
information, and as a safe entry point to access other
services through mapping neighbourhood and city
level GBV services.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|Involve community leaders in discussions to
enhance
community
cohesion
and
reduce
discrimination against displaced populations, with
the inclusion of women, and girls. Conduct training
for community leaders on core Protection topics
including GBV and survivor centred access to GBV
services/referral pathways|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n\n\n\n10 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE G\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Engage security actors such as police and
community police to assess their role in GBV
prevention, risk mitigation and response, and
develop a training and engagement plan which
should include GBV modules.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n|---|---|---|\n||Address the capacity building of boys and men on
GBV issues and conflict management through
learning sessions tailored for them and enhancing
the positive role model approach.|UNHCR-CUAMM, GBV AoR partners
present|\n||Ensure access to identity document services are
available, particularly for displaced women and girls
and other vulnerable groups.|Protection Cluster partners present|\n||Link with already existing women community
leadership
and
women\u2019s\u2019
groups
in
the
neighbourhood and establish/promote accessible
complaints and feedback mechanisms for women
and girls.|Protection Cluster partners present|\n||Conduct a more in-depth assessment of child
protection
concerns.
Rapidly
scale
up
child
protection programmes in the urban context to
address child labour, child abuse (including child
sexual abuse), and access to education.|Child Protection AoR|\n|**Health**|Ensure health and volunteer staff working at the
different GBV entry points within health centres
(maternity,
_SAAJ-Servi\u00e7os_
_Amigos_
_dos_
_Adolescentes e Jovens_, _UATs \u2013Unidades de_
_Aconselhamento e Testagem_) are trained to be able
to provide survivor-centred care and safe referrals.

Ensure that complete post-rape kits are available at
health centre level, including pregnancy tests,
emergency contraception, PEP, STD treatment,
Hepatitis B vaccine and that safe abortion services
are available and providers trained in clinical
management of rape. Make different family planning
methods are available at health centre level,
including condoms. Ensure that all services are
provided for free and complaints mechanisms are in
place.

Ensure GBV screening is always conducted in safe
and confidential manners, and a safe and
confidential space to attend GBV survivors is
available at health centre level.

Ensure data on GBV cases are collected in
confidential manner and safely stored and MISAU
case intake forms are available.|Health Cluster, GBV AoR|\n|**WASH**|Seek ways of increasing safe access to water at
household
and
neighbourhood
level,
monitor
protection risks for women and girls in the sale of
water.|WASH Cluster actors|\n|**Shelter**|Increase public lighting on public streets, particularly
those pathways girls and women use to reach health
centres, schools and police.|Shelter/NFI Cluster partners present|\n|**Food Security**|Ensure food and voucher distributions effectively
reach displaced populations, particularly new arrivals|Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster
partners present|\n\n\n\nUNHCR \u2013 CUAMM / June 2022 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT \u2013 CARIACO, PEMBA, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|and most vulnerable groups, such as girls and
female-headed households, displaced households
with no family network/host families, as well as
vulnerable displaced households who have been in
Pemba for any duration of time.
Assess issue of requiring identification documents to
register for food assistance as the most vulnerable
households often do not have documentation.|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Education**|Ensure displaced and vulnerable girls can access
school kits and any school material needed (e.g.,
photocopies, school uniforms, menstrual hygiene
materials) to be able to attend school.

Promote awareness raising activities and reporting
mechanisms
in
schools
to
prevent
sexual
exploitation and abuse and corruption by educators
and school staff.

Include rechargeable lamps in school kits to increase
the safety of students, particularly girls, who attend
school courses at night|Education Cluster partners present|\n|**Livelihoods**|Identify and provide safe livelihoods options for
women and girls and share information on
existing/new programmes with GBV actors to include
survivors and groups at risk of GBV.|Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster
partners present Cluster, Humanitarian
actors supporting livelihood|\n|**All Clusters**|Ensure PSEA awareness raising sessions are held
during distributions as well as during sensitization in
the community to inform the population about PSEA
risks and available support services. Promote
accessible complaints and feedback mechanisms,
especially for women and children|All humanitarian actors|\n\n\n\n12 UNHCR - CUAMM / June 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6c73bdf4-8b6b-4029-8d18-6349010ec040/20220908_UNHCR%20CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Josina%20Machel%20Pemba%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_330/raw/doc_330_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_330/raw/doc_330_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 72e74d2a00d23acfc2bc1d4cf7e06c9cbcbe3799..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_330/raw/doc_330_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 Tausende auf Fluchtrouten in Afrika von Tod und Menschenrechtsverletzungen bedroht \u2013 UNHCR Deutschland\n\n# **Tausende auf Fluchtrouten in Afrika von Tod und** **Menschenrechtsverletzungen bedroht**\n## UNHCR und MMC ver\u00f6ffentlichen einen Bericht zu den schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen auf den Routen Richtung afrikanische Mittelmeerk\u00fcste und von West- nach Ostafrika.\n\n\n29 Juli 2020\n\n\nEin sudanesischer Asylsuchender, der vor Verfolgung in seinem Land floh, erholt sich in einem UNHCR-Camp\nausserhalb Niameys. Nach seiner Flucht aus Darfur wurde er von einer Miliz in Tripolis illegal festgehalten und in\nZentren untergebracht, in denen er geschlagen und gedem\u00fctigt wurde. \u00a9 UNHCR/John Wendle\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/50295-tausende-auf-fluchtrouten-in-afrika-von-tod-und-menschenrechtsverletzungen-bedroht.html 1/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84f9fdb0-7ecd-3445-a383-4eac8fa95f00/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BDE%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 Tausende auf Fluchtrouten in Afrika von Tod und Menschenrechtsverletzungen bedroht \u2013 UNHCR Deutschland\n\n\nTausende Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten sterben und erleiden schwere Menschenrechtsverletzungen auf ihrer Reise\nRichtung afrikanischer Mittelmeerk\u00fcste und von West- nach Ostafrika. Das geht aus einem Bericht hervor, den\nUNHCR, das UN-Fl\u00fcchtlingshochkommissariat, und das Mixed Migration Center (MMC) des Danish Refugee\nCouncils am Mittwoch ver\u00f6ffentlicht haben. Der Bericht mit dem Titel \u201cOn this journey, no one cares if you live or\ndie\u201d (auf deutsch \u201eAuf dieser Reise k\u00fcmmert es niemanden, ob man lebt oder stirbt\u201c) erkl\u00e4rt detailliert, wie\nMenschen auf dem Weg unaussprechliche Brutalit\u00e4t und Unmenschlichkeit erfahren \u2013 durch Schmuggler,\nMenschenh\u00e4ndler, Milizen und in einigen F\u00e4llen sogar durch staatliche Vertreter.\n\n\n\u201eZu lange sind die grauenhaften Misshandlungen, die Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten auf der Landroute erfahren\nhaben, weitgehend unsichtbar geblieben\u201c, sagte Filippo Grandi, UN-Fl\u00fcchtlingskommissar. \u201eDieser Bericht\ndokumentiert T\u00f6tungen und umfassende Gewalt der brutalsten Art gegen verzweifelte Menschen, die vor Krieg,\nGewalt und Verfolgung geflohen sind. Es bedarf starken Leaderships und eines konzertierten Vorgehens der\nStaaten in der Region mit Unterst\u00fctzung der internationalen Gemeinschaft, um diesen Grausamkeiten ein Ende\nzu setzen, die Opfer zu sch\u00fctzen und die verantwortlichen Verbrecher zu verfolgen.\u201c\n\n\nEs ist \u00e4u\u00dferst kompliziert, Daten und Fakten \u00fcber Tote auf diesen Routen zu sammeln, weil sie von Schmugglern\nund Menschenh\u00e4ndlern kontrolliert werden und sich die Taten im Verborgenen abspielen, unter dem Radar der\nBeh\u00f6rden und der offiziellen Statistik. Aber der Bericht kommt, vor allem dank der Daten des 4Mi-Programmes\ndes MMC, zu der Erkenntnis, dass in den vergangenen beiden Jahren mindestens 1.750 Menschen auf dieser\nRoute ums Leben gekommen sind. Mit mindestens 72 Toten pro Monat w\u00e4re diese Strecke eine der t\u00f6dlichsten\nRouten der Welt f\u00fcr Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten. Diese Todesf\u00e4lle kommen zu den Tausenden hinzu, die in den\nletzten Jahren bei verzweifelten Versuchen, \u00fcber das Mittelmeer nach Europa zu gelangen, ums Leben kamen\noder vermisst sind.\n\n\nEtwa 28 Prozent der Todesf\u00e4lle aus den Jahren 2018 und 2019 sind auf die Durchquerung der Sahara\nzur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Weitere Brennpunkte f\u00fcr Todesopfer waren Sabha, Kufra und al-Qatrun im S\u00fcden Libyens, das\nSchmugglerzentrum Bani Walid s\u00fcd\u00f6stlich von Tripolis und mehrere Orte entlang des westafrikanischen\nAbschnitts der Route, darunter Bamako und Agadez.\n\n\nF\u00fcr dieses Jahr ist bekannt, dass bereits mindestens 70 Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten ihr Leben verloren, darunter\nmindestens 30 Menschen, die Ende Mai in Mizda von Menschenh\u00e4ndlern get\u00f6tet wurden.\n\n\nDie M\u00e4nner, Frauen und Kinder, die \u00fcberleben, sind aufgrund der Traumata oft mit dauerhaften und schweren\npsychischen Problemen konfrontiert. F\u00fcr viele ist ihre Ankunft in Libyen der letzte Zwischenstopp auf einer Reise,\ndie durch schreckliche Misshandlungen wie willk\u00fcrliche T\u00f6tungen, Folter, Zwangsarbeit und Schl\u00e4ge\ngekennzeichnet ist. Andere berichten, dass sie brutaler Gewalt ausgesetzt waren, darunter Verbrennung mit\nhei\u00dfem \u00d6l, geschmolzenem Plastik oder erhitzten Metallgegenst\u00e4nden, und auch Stromschl\u00e4gen und\nFesselungen in qu\u00e4lenden Positionen.\n\n\nFrauen und M\u00e4dchen, aber auch M\u00e4nner und Jungen, sind einem hohen Risiko von Vergewaltigung und\nsexueller und geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt ausgesetzt, insbesondere an Kontrollpunkten und in\nGrenzgebieten sowie beim Durchqueren der W\u00fcste. Etwa 31 Prozent der von der MMC befragten Personen, die\n2018 oder 2019 Zeuge oder Opfer sexueller Gewalt waren, berichten von Taten an mehreren Orten. Schmuggler\nwaren die Hauptverantwortlichen f\u00fcr sexuelle Gewalt in Nord- und Ostafrika, auf die 60 Prozent beziehungsweise\n90 Prozent der Berichte von den jeweiligen Routen entfielen. In Westafrika waren die Hauptt\u00e4ter jedoch\nSicherheitskr\u00e4fte, Soldaten oder Polizisten, auf die ein Viertel der gemeldeten \u00dcbergriffe entfiel.\n\n\nViele Menschen berichteten, dass sie zur Prostitution oder zu anderen Formen der sexuellen Ausbeutung durch\nMenschenh\u00e4ndler gezwungen wurden. Zwischen Januar 2017 und Dezember 2019 verzeichnete UNHCR mehr\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/50295-tausende-auf-fluchtrouten-in-afrika-von-tod-und-menschenrechtsverletzungen-bedroht.html 2/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84f9fdb0-7ecd-3445-a383-4eac8fa95f00/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BDE%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 Tausende auf Fluchtrouten in Afrika von Tod und Menschenrechtsverletzungen bedroht \u2013 UNHCR Deutschland\n\n\nals 630 Fl\u00fcchtlinge, die von Menschenhandel betroffen waren, im Ostsudan, wobei fast 200 Frauen und\nM\u00e4dchen als Opfer sexueller und geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt gemeldet wurden.\n\n\nEinmal in Libyen angekommen, k\u00f6nnen Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten erneut Opfer von \u00dcbergriffen werden, da der\nanhaltende Konflikt und die schwache Rechtsstaatlichkeit dazu f\u00fchren, dass Schmuggler, Menschenh\u00e4ndler und\nMilizen oft ungestraft handeln k\u00f6nnen. UNHCR begr\u00fc\u00dft die j\u00fcngsten Schritte, die die libyschen Beh\u00f6rden gegen\nbewaffnete Gruppen und Menschenh\u00e4ndler unternommen haben, darunter die Razzia gegen einen\nSchmugglerring und das Einfrieren der Verm\u00f6genswerte verschiedener Menschenh\u00e4ndler. Die Organisation ruft\ndie internationale Gemeinschaft dazu auf, die Beh\u00f6rden in ihrem Kampf gegen die Netzwerke der\nMenschenh\u00e4ndler st\u00e4rker zu unterst\u00fctzen.\n\n\nViele, die versuchen, auf dem Seeweg nach Europa zu gelangen, werden von der libyschen K\u00fcstenwache\naufgegriffen und zur\u00fcckgeschickt. Bislang sind im Jahr 2020 mehr als 6.200 Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten nach\nLibyen zur\u00fcckgebracht worden, was vermuten l\u00e4sst, dass die endg\u00fcltige Zahl f\u00fcr dieses Jahr die 9.035\nAufgegriffenen des Vorjahres \u00fcbertreffen wird. Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migranten werden oft willk\u00fcrlich in offizielle\nHaftanstalten verschleppt und festgehalten, wo sie t\u00e4glich mit Misshandlungen und entsetzlichen Bedingungen\nkonfrontiert sind. Andere landen in \u201einoffiziellen Zentren\u201c oder in Lagerh\u00e4usern, die von Schmugglern und\nMenschenh\u00e4ndlern kontrolliert werden, die sie physischen Misshandlungen aussetzen, um L\u00f6segeld zu\nerpressen.\n\n\n\u201eDer achtlose Umgang mit Fl\u00fcchtlingen und Migranten, den wir auf diesen Routen erleben, ist inakzeptabel\u201c,\nsagte Bram Frouws, Leiter des Mixed Migration Centre. \u201eDie Daten, die wir zur Verf\u00fcgung stellen, zeigen erneut,\ndass Libyen kein sicherer Ort ist, an den Menschen zur\u00fcckkehren k\u00f6nnen. Traurigerweise ist dies vielleicht nicht\nder letzte Bericht, der diese Verst\u00f6\u00dfe dokumentiert, aber er tr\u00e4gt zu der zunehmenden Beweislage bei, die nicht\nl\u00e4nger ignoriert werden kann.\u201d\n\n\nIn den letzten Jahren wurden beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt, wobei einige der f\u00fcr die Missbr\u00e4uche und\nTodesf\u00e4lle verantwortlichen Kriminellen unter Sanktionen gestellt oder verhaftet wurden. Auch die Zahl der\nPersonen, die in offiziellen Haftanstalten in Libyen festgehalten werden, hat sich verringert. UNHCR hat sich\nwiederholt f\u00fcr ein Ende der willk\u00fcrlichen Inhaftierung von Fl\u00fcchtlingen und Asylsuchenden eingesetzt und ist\nbereit, die libyschen Beh\u00f6rden bei der Ermittlung und der Umsetzung von Alternativen zur Inhaftierung zu\nunterst\u00fctzen.\n\n\nEs sind aber gr\u00f6\u00dfere Anstrengungen n\u00f6tig, um den Schutz der Menschen, die auf diesen Routen unterwegs sind,\nzu verst\u00e4rken und glaubw\u00fcrdige, legale Alternativen zu diesen gef\u00e4hrlichen und verzweifelten Reisen\nanzubieten. Es bedarf einer st\u00e4rkeren Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Staaten, um die T\u00e4ter dieser schrecklichen\nMissbr\u00e4uche an verschiedenen Punkten der Routen zu identifizieren und zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen,\nSchl\u00fcsselinformationen mit den zust\u00e4ndigen Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden auszutauschen, Schmuggel- und\nMenschenhandelsnetze zu zerschlagen und ihre finanziellen Verm\u00f6genswerte einzufrieren. Die nationalen\nBeh\u00f6rden sollten auch gr\u00f6\u00dfere Schritte unternehmen, um Berichten \u00fcber Missbr\u00e4uche durch Staatsbeamte\nnachzugehen.\n\n\nDiese Ma\u00dfnahmen m\u00fcssen Hand in Hand gehen mit Bem\u00fchungen, die Ursachen zu bek\u00e4mpfen, die diese Reisen\nantreiben, und mit einem unmissverst\u00e4ndlichen Engagement daf\u00fcr zu sorgen, dass niemand, der auf See gerettet\nwird, in Libyen wieder in Gefahr ger\u00e4t.\n\n\n**Mixed Migration Centre**\n\n\n[in Genf: Bram Frouws, Bram.Frouws@MixedMigration.org, +31 6 434 95 097](mailto:Bram.Frouws@MixedMigration.org)\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/50295-tausende-auf-fluchtrouten-in-afrika-von-tod-und-menschenrechtsverletzungen-bedroht.html 3/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84f9fdb0-7ecd-3445-a383-4eac8fa95f00/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BDE%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12/17/2020 Tausende auf Fluchtrouten in Afrika von Tod und Menschenrechtsverletzungen bedroht \u2013 UNHCR Deutschland\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n\n[in Genf: Charlie Yaxley, yaxley@UNHCR.org, +41 795 808 702](mailto:yaxley@UNHCR.org)\n\n\n[in Tunis: Caroline Gluck, gluck@UNHCR.org, +216 299 255 560](mailto:gluck@UNHCR.org)\n\n\n[in Dakar: Romain Desclous, desclous@UNHCR.org, +221 786 386 395](mailto:desclous@UNHCR.org)\n\n\n[in Berlin: Chris Melzer, melzer@unhcr.org, +49 0151 7066 6013, und Martin Rentsch, Rentsch@UNHCR.org, +49 151](mailto:melzer@unhcr.org)\n7066 6015\n\n\n[in Wien: Ruth Schoeffl, Schoeffl@UNHCR.org, +43 1 26060 5307](mailto:Schoeffl@UNHCR.org)\n\n\n[in Bern: Charlotte Walser, Walser@UNHCR.org, +41 31 309 60 93](mailto:Walser@UNHCR.org)\n\n\nZur Publikation des Berichts findet am 29. Juli um 13:45 mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Zeit eine Podiumsdiskussion in\nenglischer Sprache f\u00fcr Journalist*innen statt. Am Podium sind:\n\n\nVincent Cochetel, UNHCR Special Envoy for the Central Mediterranean\n\n\nAyala Erin Bonfiglio, Regional Coordinator for Mixed Migration Centre North Africa (online)\nProf. Maya Sahli-Fadel, African Union Commissioner and Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum-Seekers,\nInternally Displaced Persons and Migrants in Africa (Dialing in online from Algeria) (online)\nOthman Belbeis, IOM Senior Regional Advisor to the Director General on Middle East and North Africa\n\n\n[ZOOM-Einladung anfordern unter: yaxley@unhcr.org, Livestream auf http://webtv.un.org/](mailto:yaxley@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**[\u00dcBER UNS](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/ueber-uns)** **[WAS WIR TUN](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/was-wir-tun)** **[AKTUELLES](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/aktuelles)** **[SERVICES](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/services)** **[AKTIV WERDEN](https://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/aktiv-werden)**\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR 2001-2020\n\n\nPrivacy Policy Terms and conditions\n\n\nKontakt Karriere & Jobs\n\n\nPressekontakt\n\n\nFolgen\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/dach/de/50295-tausende-auf-fluchtrouten-in-afrika-von-tod-und-menschenrechtsverletzungen-bedroht.html 4/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84f9fdb0-7ecd-3445-a383-4eac8fa95f00/%E2%80%98On%20this%20Journey%2C%20No%20One%20Cares%20If%20you%20Live%20or%20Die%E2%80%99%20-%20Abuse%2C%20protection%2C%20and%20justice%20along%20routes%20between%20East%20and%20West%20Africa%20and%20Africa%E2%80%99s%20Mediterranean%20coast%20%5BDE%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_331/raw/doc_331_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_331/raw/doc_331_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 05dbdc3cf6846001ab5a4cd2fa2a78fead16a8a7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_331/raw/doc_331_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Las personas desplazadas** son el\nmayor grupo de v\u00edctimas del conflicto. Hasta junio de 2009, la Agencia\nPresidencial para la Acci\u00f3n Social \u2013\norganismo del gobierno que coordina\nla pol\u00edtica frente al desplazamientohab\u00eda registrado a m\u00e1s de tres millones de personas que hab\u00edan sido\nforzadas a abandonar sus lugares de\nresidencia. De ellas, cerca del 70 por\nciento ten\u00edan v\u00ednculos con la tierra \u2013\ncomo propietarios, poseedores, tenedores u ocupantes.\n\nSi bien no hay una cifra precisa sobre\nla cantidad de tierras abandonadas, y\ndependiendo de la metodolog\u00eda utilizada, se calcula que entre 4 y 6 millones de hect\u00e1reas han sido abandonadas, una superficie muy similar a\nla del departamento de Antioquia, en\nColombia, o a la de Suiza.\n\nLa Comisi\u00f3n de Seguimiento de la\nSociedad Civil a la Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica\nsobre desplazamiento Interno estim\u00f3,\nen su d\u00e9cimo primer informe de seguimiento, que el valor de las tierras\nabandonadas era de 7.4 billones de\npesos (USD 3,700 millones aproximadamente a principios de 2009). El\nlucro cesante se calcul\u00f3 en casi 50\n\n\n\nbillones de pesos (USD 25,000 millones).\n\n**\u00bfC\u00f3mo despojaron de sus tierras a**\n**las personas desplazadas?**\n\nEl Programa Consultas Jur\u00eddicas sobre\nTierras \u2013CONRET-, desarrollado por el\nMinisterio de Agricultura y Desarrollo\nRural, identific\u00f3 en 2008 estas como\nlas formas m\u00e1s frecuentes:\n\n- Desplazamiento forzado de propietarios o de poseedores u ocupantes\n(causado por violaciones graves a los\nderechos humanos, por presiones o\namenazas de actores armados, etc.).\n\n- Transferencia forzada de dominio\n(en la que los campesinos fueron\nobligados a vender, por presiones,\nmuchas veces a bajo precio, o viciando el consentimiento de los propietarios). En estos casos, los negocios\ntienen apariencia de legalidad.\n\n- Ventas falsas (referidas a los casos en que los documentos que soportan las ventas \u2013 escrituras, matr\u00edculas inmobiliarias, contratos, etc.son falsos y se hacen sin la voluntad\ndel propietario o poseedor original).\n\n\n\n**Agosto de 2009**\n\n\n- Caducidad administrativa (casos\nen los que los desplazados abandonan tierras adjudicadas por el INCORA\n\n- el INCODER, pero que en la declaratoria de caducidad no se tiene en\ncuenta el desplazamiento forzado o\nla presencia de actores armados).\n\n**\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las zonas m\u00e1s afecta-**\n**das?**\n\nVarias instituciones ha identificado\nalgunas de las principales zonas\nafectadas: los departamentos de\nChoc\u00f3, Magdalena, Bol\u00edvar, C\u00f3rdoba,\nNorte de Santander, Antioquia, Cundinamarca y Valle del Cauca.\n\n\n**\u201cMi tierra estaba junto a la carretera.**\n\n**Se daba cualquier cultivo de tierra**\n\n**templada.**\n**Ahora estoy otra vez en el campo,**\n**pero la tierra es \u00e1rida. Doy gracias**\n**porque estoy vivo. Lo importante es**\n\n**que en tres o cuatro a\u00f1os,**\n**cuando estemos produciendo bien, no**\n\n**nos vuelvan a**\n\n**sacar\u201d.**\n\n\nTestimonio de persona desplazada del Urab\u00e1,\n\nreubicada en el suroriente de Antioquia.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9549dcb2-4175-3a9b-9e25-0192c065f8b7/E5687B9F38ED3CD0852576DD007ACAC3-Informe_completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamentos m\u00e1s afectados por el despojo de**\n\n**tierras (seg\u00fan diferentes fuentes)**\n\n\n**\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las soluciones?** Varias instituciones del\nEstado colombiano trabajan actualmente desarrollando\nmecanismos que permitan a las personas desplazadas\nvolver a poseer tierras.\n\nEl Ministerio de Agricultura, a trav\u00e9s del INCODER, facilita el acceso de personas desplazadas a convocatorias\npara adjudicaci\u00f3n de tierras. Estas convocatorias han\nfacilitado procesos de reubicaci\u00f3n de personas desplazadas.\n\nEl Proyecto de Protecci\u00f3n de Tierras y Patrimonio de la\nPoblaci\u00f3n Desplazada de Acci\u00f3n Social, y del cual participa ACNUR, ha promovido la aplicaci\u00f3n de medidas de\nprotecci\u00f3n sobre los predios abandonados o en riesgo de\nestarlo, a trav\u00e9s de los Comit\u00e9s Municipales de Atenci\u00f3n\na la Poblaci\u00f3n Desplazada (ruta colectiva), o de solicitudes hechas directamente por las personas al Ministerio\nP\u00fablico, el INCODER y la Superintendencia de Notariado y\nRegistro (ruta individual). Por ambas v\u00edas, el proyecto ha\nfacilitado la protecci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 3.2 millones de hect\u00e1reas. Actualmente se est\u00e1 debatiendo una pol\u00edtica de\nrestituci\u00f3n de tierras por parte de un Comit\u00e9 T\u00e9cnico\nEspecializado, presidido por la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Reparaci\u00f3n y Reconciliaci\u00f3n.\n\nLa restituci\u00f3n a las personas desplazadas de las mismas\ntierras y bienes que abandonaron tiene grandes ventajas. Por un lado, permite a las personas desplazadas\nrecuperar los capitales peque\u00f1os \u2013y no tan peque\u00f1osque dejaron atr\u00e1s, y utilizarlos para recuperar una vida\ndigna. Por otra parte, al restituirles lo suyo, facilita que\nla sociedad colombiana vea a las personas desplazadas\ncomo lo que son: v\u00edctimas que deben ser resarcidas, y\n\n\n\nno como personas pobres que reciben ayuda del Estado.\nSin embargo, la restituci\u00f3n debe realizarse con condiciones de seguridad estables: varias personas desplazadas\nque reclamaban sus tierras han sido asesinadas en los\n\u00faltimos a\u00f1os, seg\u00fan denuncias p\u00fablicas conocidas por\nACNUR.\n\n# **\u00bfQu\u00e9 hace ACNUR por las tierras de las personas** **desplazadas?**\n\nACNUR est\u00e1 en Colombia para fortalecer la respuesta del\nEstado y la sociedad civil colombiana en prevenir el desplazamiento forzado y restituir los derechos de las personas desplazadas, incluyendo sus derechos sobre sus\ntierras y bienes.\n\nACNUR apoya los esfuerzos del Estado colombiano para\navanzar hacia la restituci\u00f3n, buscando que todas las instituciones que tienen un rol esta materia cuenten con los\nmejores elementos para tomar y poner en pr\u00e1ctica decisiones que protejan los derechos de las personas desplazadas.\n\nAdem\u00e1s de participar en el Proyecto de Protecci\u00f3n de\nTierras y Patrimonio de Acci\u00f3n Social, ACNUR trabaja con\nel Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, el INCODER, el Comit\u00e9 T\u00e9cnico Especializado de la Comisi\u00f3n\nNacional de Reparaci\u00f3n y Reconciliaci\u00f3n, entre otros,\npara facilitar el acceso de las personas desplazadas a\ntierras en condiciones provechosas para ellas, para\nevaluar y proponer elementos en la pol\u00edtica de restituci\u00f3n, para acompa\u00f1ar procesos de reubicaci\u00f3n de personas desplazadas garantizando soluciones sostenibles\npara ellas, y recientemente ha comenzado a acompa\u00f1ar\nprocesos para que los campesinos en zonas de riesgo\ntengan t\u00edtulos de propiedad de sus tierras.\n\n\nNi\u00f1o en El Castillo, Meta. La comunidad se desplaz\u00f3 en 2002 y comenzaba a\nretornar en 2007, Agosto de 2007. _\u00a9 ACNUR/ M.HVERNEY_\n\n\n\n**El ACNUR es la Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados y tiene el mandato internacional de prote-**\n**ger a m\u00e1s de 34 millones de refugiados y desplazados en el mundo. A mediados de 1997 el Gobierno colom-**\n**biano solicit\u00f3 al ACNUR respaldar sus esfuerzos de asistencia y protecci\u00f3n a la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada. El AC-**\n**NUR cuenta con 12 oficinas en Colombia, incluyendo una en Bogot\u00e1 y 11 oficinas de terreno. Para mayor in-**\n**formaci\u00f3n visite la p\u00e1gina: www.acnur.org o llame a ACNUR Bogot\u00e1 al +57 6580600.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9549dcb2-4175-3a9b-9e25-0192c065f8b7/E5687B9F38ED3CD0852576DD007ACAC3-Informe_completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_332/raw/doc_332_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_332/raw/doc_332_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8726d16f3d64205d18713e7d0b8e97cf8e143e42..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_332/raw/doc_332_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,572 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **CASH ASSISTANCE IN**\n# ECUADOR\n\n###### POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING\n\n\n##### March 2025\n\n\n\nThrough Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM), UNHCR\u2019s Operation in Ecuador obtained key information on the\nimplementation of the cash transfer programme to cover the needs of refugees and other displaced people in the\ncountry. The information presented here helps measure the impact of cash assistance and the scope of its results, in\naddition to allowing the identification of opportunities for improvement and good practices in the delivery and use of\ncash by people forced to flee, their preferred delivery mechanisms and its impact in their lives.\n\n#### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nIn 2024, UNHCR Ecuador continued its Cash-Based Intervention (CBI) programme, primarily providing Multipurpose\nCash Grants (MPG) to support the most vulnerable forcibly displaced households. This intervention focused on\ndelivering essential support to cover basic needs over three consecutive months, with a total disbursement of a\nminimum USD 300 and maximum of USD 480 per household depending on the family composition. The MPG was\ndelivered through prepaid bank cards issued by Banco Pichincha, offering a flexible payment method through ATMs\nand Points of Sale (POS), including the \"Mi Vecino\" network for rural areas with limited banking infrastructure. The\nlatter service was improved in 2024, with a reduction in issues faced by recipients compared to 2023, largely driven\nby quality information provided to recipients through well-trained staff.\n\n\nThe Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey, conducted between August and October 2024, included 3,024\nhouseholds that had received the full three-month cash assistance. The results show that most households (82.3%)\ndid not experience difficulties using the prepaid cards. However, common issues remain, including forgetting PIN\nnumbers, and limited experience in using bank cards. Also, recipients have the preference of making withdrawals\ninstead of using the cards for transactions in shops, which coincides with the need to pay rent as confirmed in the\nsection of expenditure items prioritized by households. Security risks during the cash-out process decreased\nsignificantly, with only 5% of households feeling unsafe in 2024 compared to 18% in 2023. The use of the \"Mi Vecino\"\nnetwork still presents minor issues, with a small percentage of recipients mentioning dissatisfaction with its service\nquality or difficulties in fully accessing their entitlements.\n\n\nHouseholds primarily used the cash for rent, food, and healthcare. The primary expense was rent, which aligns with\nfindings of the 2024 Joint Needs Assessment (JNA) [1] indicating a high reliance on rental housing. However, despite of\nthe positive impact of the MPG on living conditions, 98% of households still resorted to negative coping strategies,\nincluding food reduction, and skipping rent payments, highlighting the insufficient purchase power to fully meet\nhousehold needs amid deteriorating socioeconomic conditions in the country. On the other hand, some families are\nincreasingly victims of extortion by criminal groups, forcing them to sell their means of livelihood, thereby diminishing\ntheir ability to generate income. This situation not only increases protection risks for the population but also forces\nfamilies back into dependence on humanitarian aid. Additionally, schools and other academic institutions may create\nfurther barriers in access to education services by requiring uniforms, supplies, and fees that parents cannot afford,\nthereby preventing children from enrolling or continuing to attend school classes.\n\n\nDuring the period under review, UNHCR\u2019s accountability to affected persons improved in 2024, with 62% of\nrespondents now aware of how to report issues regarding the assistance. Also, the preference for cash over in-kind\nsupport remained strong, with 81% of households preferring cash, due to its flexibility in meeting a variety of needs.\nThe 2024 CBI monitoring reinforces the critical role of cash assistance in partly addressing basic needs of forcibly\ndisplaced people in Ecuador, but also highlights how increasingly insufficient the assistance is over time, for example,\nonly 42% of recipients surveyed are able to meet half or more of their basic needs.\n\n\n_1 Assessment conducted by the Working Group on Refugees and Migrants (GTRM for its acronym in Spanish) in 2024, which can be consulted in_\n_[https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)_\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.999163031578064, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9875571727752686, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8734751343727112, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ECUADOR", - "confidence": 0.9922742247581482, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6117687225341797, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6277253031730652, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and other displaced people", - "confidence": 0.7687893509864807, - "start": 55, - "end": 60 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey", - "confidence": 0.6120570302009583, - "start": 270, - "end": 276 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9477892518043518, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9817126393318176, - "start": 273, - "end": 274 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5570866465568542, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8993925452232361, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9404953122138977, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 Joint Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9496071338653564, - "start": 462, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "JNA", - "confidence": 0.9985504746437073, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.786055326461792, - "start": 530, - "end": 531 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9999176263809204, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8639160990715027, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9336754679679871, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CBI monitoring", - "confidence": 0.962455689907074, - "start": 693, - "end": 695 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.9965413212776184, - "start": 712, - "end": 713 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5159651041030884, - "start": 642, - "end": 643 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9814573526382446, - "start": 642, - "end": 643 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### PDM METHODOLOGY\n\nTo conduct the Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM), UNHCR Ecuador used a survey with a representative sample for\nall beneficiary households at national level, defined with a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Surveys were\nconducted between August and October 2024 by an external service provider through telephone calls using the\ncorporate CBI PDM questionnaire adjusted to the specific Ecuadorian context. Prior to the exercise, the provider was\ntrained on basic protection and CBI concepts.\n\nTo identify the cases and extract the randomized sample, UNHCR Ecuador used the proGres database, selecting all\ncases that had received all three cash disbursements within a month prior to the data collection. Each case interviewed\nhad between 4 and 6 weeks since the last cash disbursement.\n\n**Table 1:** Survey Breakdown\n\n|2024|Sample|Total Valid Surveys Conducted|Succesful Call Rate|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**2024**|

**95% confidence leve, 5% margin of error**|

**95% confidence leve, 5% margin of error**|

**95% confidence leve, 5% margin of error**|\n|**August**|196|126|64%|\n|**September**|170|105|62%|\n|**October**|328|236|72%|\n|**Total**|**694**|**467**|**67%**|\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres database", - "confidence": 0.666447103023529, - "start": 105, - "end": 107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.52647864818573, - "start": 101, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.8025318384170532, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6274587512016296, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total Valid Surveys Conducted", - "confidence": 0.8354336619377136, - "start": 156, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9006345272064209, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Household Demographic Details**\n\n\n**Nationality**\nPercentage of people assisted by gender\n\n\n\n**Venezuelan**\n\n\n**Colombian**\n\n\n\n**Gender of the**\n\n**household**\n**focal point**\n\n\nFEMALE MALE\n\n\n**94%** **6%**\n\n\n\nAverage of family size among recipients **4**\n\n\n\n**62%**\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n##### **RECEIVING AND SPENDING CASH ASSISTANCE**\n\n**Collecting Cash Assistance**\n\nRecipients of cash assistance were surveyed\nabout their use of prepaid bank cards, which have\nbeen the payment method used by UNHCR since\n2023. As illustrated in chart 1, households tend\nto withdraw assistance from ATMs, mainly from\nthe same Financial Service Provider (FSP). The\nuse of the \u201cMi Vecino\u201d network and direct\npayments through Points of Sale (POS) remain\nuncommon among recipients, even though, the\nuse of non-bank correspondents (\u201cMi Vecino\u201d)\nhas grown by 5 percentage points since last year\n(2023: 4%), as they are often located closer to\ntheir home or have a better rapport with the shop\nowners.\n\nBased on the available data, ATMs are more\nfamiliar, easier to use, and provide individuals with the opportunity to easily receive assistance from bank staff in case\nof issues (94%). On the other hand, prepaid cards are rarely used for direct purchases or payments at commercial\nestablishments through POS, as this option is not always available, and even when it is, the card is not always accepted\ndue to its limited recognition as a financial product and card owners may be required to present identification\ndocumentation [2] .\n\n\n_2 The bank cards used by UNHCR are non-personalized, hence no name is displayed on the means of payment. The use of non-personalized/anonymous cards was_\n_recently introduced in the Ecuador reason why these cards are not well known compared to the more common personalized debit/credit cards._\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Demographic Details", - "confidence": 0.9571390748023987, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5647291541099548, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6008922457695007, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7089065909385681, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.5062038898468018, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6443158984184265, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATMs", - "confidence": 0.5004681348800659, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Although prepaid cards were introduced recently (2023), their usage has not posed significant challenges over time.\nAs seen in chart 2, most recipients (82.3%) did not require assistance while using the card or spending the cash. For\nthose who needed help (17,4%), the main issue was related to the first time use or understanding the cash withdrawal\ninstructions.\n\n\nThe column chart regards specifically for the 17.4% that had problems to use the prepaid cards.\n\n###### Risks and Problems\n\nThe area of both risks and technical issues showed improvement from 2023 to 2024.\n\n\nOverall, around 5% of households felt at risk or unsafe and\n3% experienced some sort of problem when collecting,\nspending, or saving the cash assistance, compared to 18%\nand 27% registered in 2023 respectively. The reduction in\nthe percentages of people who felt at risk or faced problems\nin 2024 compared to 2023 can be attributed to several\nfactors related to the learning curve and improvements\nmade throughout the year. Here are some possible reasons\nfor this decrease:\n\n**1. Learning curve of staff:** 2023 was the first year that\nUNHCR Ecuador took on delivering cash assistance directly.\nThis was a new process for field office staff, who needed\ntime to familiarize themselves with the direct\nimplementation procedure, problem-solving, and system management. With strengthened experience and\nknowledge in 2024, staff were able to better manage situations that previously led to risks or issues for\nbeneficiaries. **Also,** in 2023, the training for both beneficiaries and staff was probably in its initial stages. By\n2024, based on the lessons learned from the previous year, training likely improved, enabling both\nbeneficiaries and point-of-withdrawal operators to better handle technical problems (such as forgetting the\nPIN or difficulties using ATMs), and increasing confidence in the system.\n\n**2. Adjustments in delivery channels and support:** In 2023, UNHCR first took on the direct implementation\nof the prepaid card mechanism, which may have caused logistical challenges in delivery and support. By 2024,\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. Empowered Communities:** Following one year of implementation, the beneficiary populations have\nbecome more comfortable and empowered in using the mechanism. This is reflected in the reported\nsignificant reduction in associated risks and problems. Recipients often disseminate information within their\ncommunities, sharing their experiences with access to assistance\u2014particularly from those who initially\nreceived it to those who will be first time recipients. This includes recommendations and steps to change the\nPIN number, withdrawing funds, and safety tips, thereby fostering mutual support and a sense of community.\n\nIn conclusion, the reduction in reported risks and problems in 2024 can be attributed to a combination of factors such\nas greater familiarity with the system, improved training and support, optimization of logistical and technical\nprocesses, the learning curve for UNHCR staff, and empowered communities with the mechanism.\n\nAmong the 4% who mentioned other risks in chart 3, most pointed out robberies or assaults in public spaces and\nphysical violence, including harassment or threats, as their primary concerns. On the other hand, the issues faced by\nrecipients were mostly related to the process of withdrawing their assistance, with the most common problem being\nforgotten passwords, as shown in chart 4. It is worth noting that throughout the year, no household reported any\naccidents or incidents that jeopardized their physical safety, nor were there any alerts of illegal fees required to pay\nin order to use their assistance.\n\nThe monitoring results revealed some specific difficulties with the \"Mi Vecino\" network service, particularly in remote\nareas, where recipients occasionally faced issues due to the network problems or issues with the bank itself,\npreventing them from being able to use this service. While these challenges were not significant overall, they\nimpacted the usability of the service in certain locations . UNHCR depends on this service to lower transportation\ncosts for recipients, especially those in isolated locations, and to address protection risks. However, in the second\nyear of implementation, this cash-out option still did not deliver entirely the expected outcome, but UNHCR is\nfollowing up with FSP to ensure appropriate functioning of this cash-out option.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "According to the data collected, the economic environment was favorable in terms of market access, as almost\n\nall households were able to find the items or\nservices they needed (90,1%) and with the\nright quality (90%).\n\nHowever, in addition to the availability of\ngoods and services and even though the\nofficial inflation rate in 2024 is considered to\nbe low (0,53%) similarly to what was\nobserved in previous years and considering\nthe national macroeconomic situation and\nthe electricity crisis, 40% of households\nreported an increase in prices, especially\nfood. Although the overall situation appears\nmore challenging in 2024, the percentage of\nhouseholds reporting price increases has\ndecreased compared to 2023, when it was\n60%, but the overall cost of living remains a\nconcern. It is important to acknowledge that price fluctuation of goods is normal in Ecuador, a country that relies\non seasonal harvesting and imports. Items for which refugees also experienced price increase included hygiene\nitems and rent.\n\n###### Expenditures\n\nThe data shows that most households (88%) had used most or all the assistance within this period (chart 7):4 to 6\nweeks since receiving cash assistance.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "frequently used in articles for babies,\neducation, household items, and livelihood\nactivities. However, it is worth noting that\neducation expenses vary throughout the\nyear and their prioritization over other\nexpenses may change, especially in May and\nSeptember when the school year starts in\ndifferent country regions.\n\nThese trends coincide with the 2024 JNA\nfindings determined that 87.6% of the\npopulation with a long-term residence in the\n\nPDM respondents, which is around USD 148.00). However, this amount as per the JNA 2024 tends to be higher for\nhouseholds living in provinces like Azuay or Guayas, where rents can reach up to USD 152.00 and USD 161.00 per\nmonth. These last findings could explain why rent is the main expense reported by respondents (chart 8), followed by\nfood as the second priority among household expenditure items, which aligns with spending trends, with food and\nrent being the top two items.\nIt is important to note that although the prepaid card offers various options for withdrawing or spending cash\nassistance, recipients preferred withdrawing the full amount at once via a regular ATM. This aligns with the most\ncommon use of the cash: paying rent. The average rent is USD 148.00, according to UNHCR monitoring, which could\nexplain why recipients typically withdraw the entire sum at once rather than using the card for smaller transactions.\n\nOn the other hand, healthcare expenditure remains in third place during 2024 and 2023. This aligns with the\npercentage of households with a long-term residence in the country requiring access to healthcare, according to the\n2024 JNA. Approximately 27% of the surveyed households have had some health-related need in the three months\nprior to the study [4] . Although access to healthcare in Ecuador is a constitutional right regardless of nationality and\naccess should be granted and free for all individuals, the current reality is that households face administrativeorganizational barriers related to how healthcare providers organize their services, including a lack of appointments\nor the availability of free medication. Hence, forcibly displaced people in a socioeconomic vulnerable situation cannot\nafford direct, indirect, or intangible costs of healthcare.\n\n##### **IMPACT OF CASH ASSISTANCE**\n\n**Overall impact over living conditions**\nMultipurpose cash assistance [5] is essential to support households that have been forcibly displaced, particularly those\njust arriving who require additional aid to stabilize their immediate situation. Considering MPG is meant to help people\nforced to flee access basic services, data gathered suggests that 91% of households reported improvements in their\n\n\n_3_ R4V (October 2024). Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela: Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades. Page 71. Available in _:_\n_[https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)_\n\n_4_ R4V (October 2024). Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela: Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades. Pages 96-97. Available in _:_\n_[https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)_\n\n_5 The PDM survey only evaluates the ability of people forced to flee to cover basic needs using UNHCR cash assistance and does not reflect the additional support_\n_provided by WFP through food vouchers or other assistance from partners or NGOs, which increases biases in the shared information. Additional biases include_\n_situations involving medium to high-risk needs with significant socioeconomic vulnerabilities and the expectation of receiving another cash transfer._\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.6134074330329895, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.6623119711875916, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6660299897193909, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8963332176208496, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.6876593828201294, - "start": 546, - "end": 548 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.61528480052948, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5146778225898743, - "start": 562, - "end": 563 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Venezuela", - "confidence": 0.9782356023788452, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9595081210136414, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6226581931114197, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "suggesting that increasing costs, particularly for essential goods and services, may be putting more pressure on\nhousehold budgets, making it harder for families to meet all their needs despite the assistance they receive.\n\n\nAccording to the Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) for Refugees and Migrants calculated in 2022, a family of four\nmembers required USD 853.00\nper month, compared to the\nofficial national rate in 2024 of\nUSD 804.79 [7] (regular MEB) and\nUSD 562.08 (vital MEB).\nConsidering that the 2022\ncalculation is outdated, but the\n2022 basket data remains\nrelevant considering the inflation\nindex in Ecuador, it is worth\nnoting that the MEB for refugees\nand migrants is higher than the\nnational average, as they face\nadditional costs when settling in\na new country and lack\nestablished support networks.\nOver the years, the various MEBs\nhave consistently increased,\nwithout a corresponding increase\nin the amounts provided by\nhumanitarian actors. UNHCR\u2019s\n\n\n_6 Improve living conditions: refers to making changes or taking actions that enhance people's quality of life, meaning it improves their physical, mental, social, and_\n_economic well-being. This can include things like having better housing, improving health, education, employment, safety, and personal and social development_\n_opportunities._\n\n_7_ INEC. (November 2024). Canasta Familiar B\u00e1sica y Canasta Familiar Vital de la Econom\u00eda Dolarizada. Pages 2. Available in _:_\n_[https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Inflacion/canastas/2024/Noviembre/1.Informe_Ejecutivo_Canastas_Analiticas_nov_2024.pdf](https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Inflacion/canastas/2024/Noviembre/1.Informe_Ejecutivo_Canastas_Analiticas_nov_2024.pdf)_\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "From a protection perspective, understanding the extent to which individuals can meet their basic needs is crucial for\nassessing the potential risks of adopting strategies to cope with the lack of or limited access to resources. In 2024,\n98% of households had to resort to one or more coping mechanisms [8] . This percentage has fluctuated over the years\nwhen PDM has been conducted, starting at 97% in 2020, decreasing to 88.4% in 2021, rising again to 95% in 2022,\nthen 97% in 2023, and increasing once more to 98% in 2024.\n\nAccording to the monitoring, 26% of households reported (more or less) engaging in coping mechanisms like child\nlabour, hazardous work, begging, sex work or survival sex, child marriage, and exposure to risky movements.\nMoreover, in line with 2024 JNA estimates that 35% of refugee and migrant households in Ecuador resort to\nconsuming less preferred, cheaper, and lower-quality foods, and reduce the number of meals and portion sizes [9], the\nPDM showed that 58% of assisted households had to turn to less preferred, lower-quality foods in the 7 days prior\nto the survey, prioritize food portions for children over adults, or even borrow food. Additionally, according to the\nJNA, 51% of households chose to use their savings to cope with financial stress [10] . Furthermore, overcrowding is a\ncommon coping strategy, with multiple families sharing limited living spaces\u2014either with acquaintances or strangers\u2014\nto reduce housing expenses. In 2024, as in previous years, households were forced to cut back on overall expenses\nto meet food needs, use up essential savings, or skip rent payments [11] .\n\n\n_8 Coping mechanisms are generally actions individuals may take to fulfill their urgent and/or essential needs, which, depending on the action, may expose them to_\n_greater protection risks. These actions may include extreme or negative mechanisms like resorting to sex work, survival sex, and child labour, hazardous work, or_\n_risky movements. These actions may also include consuming less preferred, cheaper, and lower-quality foods, and reduce the number of meals and portion sizes,_\n_prioritize food portions for children over adults, borrow food, use savings, begging, living in overcrowded conditions, selling businesses, skip rent payments, among_\n_other._\n\n_9_ R4V (October 2024). Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela: Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades. Page 47. Available in _:_\n_[https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)_\n\n_10_ R4V (October 2024). Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela: Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades. Page 48. Available in _:_\n_[https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)_\n_11 According to the 2024 JNA report, the most common stress strategies include spending savings, purchasing food or other essentials on credit or borrowing them,_\n_selling personal belongings (such as jewelry, shoes, phones, TVs, refrigerators, etc.), and sending household members to eat with relatives/friends or to community_\n_kitchens. Crisis strategies involve withdrawing children from school to have them contribute financially to the household, selling productive assets or means of_\n_transportation (such as sewing machines, wheelbarrows, or bicycles), and cutting back on health, education, and clothing expenses. Emergency strategies include_\n_requesting money or donations and engaging in activities never previously considered. Among the households surveyed, 24.8% did not need to adopt any of these_\n_strategies. However, 69.2% resorted to stress strategies in the past month or had attempted to implement them in the past year but were unable to continue doing so._\n_Meanwhile, 36.3% applied crisis strategies, and 29.3% employed emergency strategies._\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "percentage of households resorting to negative coping strategies, some improvements have been noted, such as\nreducing expenditure on food (-2 percentage points (pp) compared to 2023), skipping rent or debt payments (-1 pp\ncompared to 2023), and sending children to work (-1 pp compared to 2023). However, increases were observed in\nother areas, such as asking for money from strangers (+13 pp compared to 2023), selling livelihoods equipment to\npurchase food or basic goods (+10 pp compared to 2023), and preventing children from attending school (+10 pp\ncompared to 2023). It is important to note that, while categories such as 'asking for money from strangers' have\nincreased during 2024, the percentage of households where both adults and children engage in this practice has\ndecreased by 27 percentage points. In 2024, 86% of those who engage in this practice are only adults.\n\n##### **ACCOUNTABILITY TO AFFECTED POPULATIONS**\n\n\nIn terms of accountability, communication, and satisfaction with the service, it is noteworthy that nearly 39% of\nhouseholds were informed about the cash assistance for basic needs through UNHCR staff, while 34% heard about\nit from their close networks, including family, friends, and neighbors. This aligns with the findings of the participatory\nassessment conducted by UNHCR in 2023, which highlights the crucial role that close networks play in the initial\nmonths after arrival in the country, helping to foster a safer environment, especially in a context of increasing violence\nand insecurity.\n\nCompared to previous years, people are now more informed about how to provide suggestions, comments, or\nfeedback regarding UNHCR\u2019s cash assistance. 62% of respondents know how to report such issues (58% as compared\nto 2023), whereas 38% are still unaware of the process (53% compared to 2023). While the proportion of those\nunaware of how to report remains high, it is important to note that only 2% of cases had reported or planned to\nsubmit a complaint or suggestion regarding cash assistance. When complaints were made or feedback was provided,\nthe most common method was through UNHCR staff and the CBI hotline, which is one of the available options for\nrecipients to contact UNHCR for various purposes, including complaints.\n\nOverall, the quality of communication and attention between recipients and UNHCR staff during the cash assistance\nprocess was satisfactory in 99% of the cases. The information provided included cash assistance transfer dates, the\nduration of cash assistance and how to use the card to withdraw the money. (chart 12) .\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.9959284663200378, - "start": 253, - "end": 255 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9694320559501648, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.8983958959579468, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.961931586265564, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8952608108520508, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In terms of the modality of cash assistance\nprovided by UNHCR, the monitoring\nexercise concluded that most recipients\n(81%) prefer cash, or even a combination\nof cash and in-kind or material assistance\n(18%) (chart 13). According to the data,\nthere is a general preference for cash\nbecause of the versatility in its use and the\nfreedom to prioritize their expenses\naccording to their needs.\n\nIn 2023 and 2022, the preference for the\ncombination of cash and in-kind\nassistance was higher, mainly due to a bias\nin the data collection process, as beneficiaries tended to believe that a combination of cash and in-kind meant they\nwill receive the full amount in cash in addition to the in-kind aid. However, in reality, in-kind assistance substitutes\npart of the cash provided. This year, the preference for cash has increased again, returning to the levels seen in 2021,\nparticularly due to adjustments in the way the question was asked.\n\n### CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n - **Positive Impact of Multipurpose Cash Assistance (MPG):** The provision of MPG continues to be a\n\ncornerstone of UNHCR's protection response for the most vulnerable displaced populations. In fact, results\n\nfrom the 2024 Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) show that households report improvements in their living\n\nconditions and stress levels thanks to the cash assistance. These findings reaffirm the central role that cash\n\nassistance plays in enhancing the wellbeing of those affected by forced displacement and their integration in\n\nthe host country.\n\n\n - **Success of the Prepaid Card Mechanism with Areas for Improvement:** The use of the prepaid card delivery\n\nmechanism has been successful, with most recipients able to freely and effectively use the cash to cover part\n\nof their basic needs. Efforts should continue to reduce and mitigate errors in using \"Mi Vecino\" network, in\n\norder to monitor and minimize issues reported by users of this service and maximize the benefits of having\n\nnon-bank correspondents close to recipients.\n\n\n - **Impact of National Economic Context on Assistance Effectiveness:** The economic challenges in Ecuador are\n\naffecting the purchasing power of recipients. While inflationary pressures have remained stable, particularly\n\nin key sectors such as food and housing, the limitations of cash assistance are becoming more apparent. This\n\nsituation further underscores the need for UNHCR to review the adequacy of the current cash assistance\n\namounts while keeping them within a comparable range to government assistance schemes in the country,\n\nwhich leaves little room for increase.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cash-based intervention (CBI) protection risk matrix is necessary to ensure that the most vulnerable\n\npopulations are effectively prioritized and supported.\n\n\n - **The Role of Coordination with Other Humanitarian Actors** : Considering the growing needs, UNHCR should\n\ncontinue to strengthen coordination with other agencies and stakeholders providing cash assistance. By\n\nensuring complementarity between different cash assistance programmes, particularly within the framework\n\nof the United Nations Cash Coordination System (UNCCS), UNHCR can maximize the impact of its\n\ninterventions and reduce the risk of gaps in support.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83e17226-f6f9-5cb5-a90d-4d81f9a19d08/ECU%20CBI%20PDM%20Report%202024%20-%20May%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_333/raw/doc_333_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_333/raw/doc_333_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 827c020da53066bd8d727ab60a7db5dbf7e2da7c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_333/raw/doc_333_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n\n**Working Paper No. 12**\n\n\n**\"Who has counted the refugees?\"**\n**UNHCR and the politics of numbers**\n\n\n**Jeff Crisp**\n\n\nPolicy Research Unit, UNHCR\n\nCP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\ne-mail: [crisp@unhcr.ch](mailto:crisp@unhcr.ch)\n\n\n**June 1999**\n\n\nThese working papers are published by the Centre for Documentation and Research. They\nprovide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates to publish the\npreliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the\nofficial views of UNHCR.\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\nCopyright \u00a9 1999 UNHCR All rights reserved\n\n\n**Table of Contents**\n\n\nIntroduction\nThe utility and uses of refugee numbers\nConstraints on accuracy and consistency\nDefinitional problems\nOperational problems\nThe politics of refugee numbers\nCountries of origin: the Horn of Africa and Uganda\nWar-torn states: the case of Bosnia\nCountries of asylum: an African perspective\nDonor states: western Europe, eastern Zaire and post-Dayton Bosnia\nUNHCR and the professionalization of refugee statistics\nPractical steps and improvements\nConclusion\n\n\u201cIt is no wonder that the salvos of cruise missiles into Yugoslavia have been accompanied by\nsalvos of sanctimonious justifications by Clinton, Blair and co. But how feeble their justifications\nsound. Tony Blair and Defence Secretary George Robertson rabbit on about a \u2018humanitarian\ncatastrophe\u2019. Figures are airily brandished of 250,000 Kosovan refugees, with 20,000 leaving\ntheir homes in the past few days. Where is the hard evidence for this? Who has counted the\nrefugees?\u201d\n\n\nCorelli Barnett, _The Daily Mail_ (London), 26 March 1999\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nIt is almost impossible to think or write about refugee-related issues without some reference to\nstatistics. [1] When studying complex emergencies, for example, the analyst is immediately\nprompted to ask: how many people have been displaced; what proportion of that number have\nremained within the borders of their own country; how many have sought asylum elsewhere;\nand to which destinations have they gone?\n\n\nIn more stable refugee situations, numbers play an equally important part in any analytical\nendeavour. The scholar, like the practitioner, will want to know: how many refugees live in\ncamps and how many have settled elsewhere; what is the ratio between refugees and local\nresidents; how many of the refugees have become self-sufficient; how many continue to\nreceive assistance from the UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies; and what is the\ndemographic structure of the refugee population?\n\n\nWhen it comes to examining the resolution of refugee problems, statistical issues continue to\nfeature prominently. How many refugees have repatriated to their country of origin? At what\nrate are they returning? How many have been accepted for resettlement in third countries? And\nhow many have become integrated in their country of asylum?\n\n\nFinally, in the context of the industrialized states, statistics constitute a necessary foundation for\nthe examination of many key refugee issues. How many asylum applications have been\nsubmitted in a given state or region? How have those numbers varied on a year-by-year basis?\nFrom which countries do the asylum seekers originate? And what proportion have been\nsuccessful in their requests for refugee status? Without addressing questions such as these,\nand without having access to the figures needed to answer them, it is impossible to do any\nmeaningful analysis of refugee policies in North America and Western Europe.\n\n\nDespite the centrality of statistics to the field of refugee studies, scholars working in this area\nhave been remarkably inattentive to the issue of quantitative data. While all of the standard\nworks on refugees are replete with numbers, few even begin to question the source or\naccuracy of those statistics. Scholars have generally been content to rely on figures offered by\nthe two leading producers of refugee statistics - UNHCR and the US Committee for Refugees\n(USCR) - despite the fact that the figures presented by the two organizations very often differ!\nThe existing literature on refugee statistics is itself extremely meagre, much of it focusing on\nthe technical and methodological dimensions of the issue. [2] To the best of the author\u2019s\nknowledge, no substantive article has ever been published on the politics of refugee numbers.\n\n\n**The utility and uses of refugee numbers**\n\n\nThere is a school of thought which questions the whole notion of refugee enumeration,\nespecially when it is linked to the distribution of material assistance. As one scholar has written,\n\u201csince the time international humanitarian agencies became involved in assisting refugees in\n\n\n1 This paper is written in a personal capacity and does not represent the views of UNHCR. An\nearlier version of the paper was presented at a workshop on \u2018Building a better understanding\nof the social dimensions of forced migration: seeking relationships among practitioner needs,\npolicy sensitivities and social science expertise\u2019, at the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for\nInternational Studies, Brown University, Providence RI, April 1999. The paper will also appear\nin a forthcoming occasional paper to be published by the Watson Institute.\n\n\n2 Some limited discussion of the politics of refugee numbers can be found in the following\nworks: G. Kibreab, The State of the Art Literature Review on Refugee Studies in Africa,\nUppsala University, Uppsala, 1991, pp. 8-15; R. Gorman, Mitigating Misery: an Enquiry Into\nthe Political and Humanitarian Aspects of US and Global Refugee Policy, University Press of\nAmerica, Lanham MD, 1993, pp. 143-5; The State of the World\u2019s Refugees: In Search of\nSolutions, UNHCR and Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 244-6; H. Reed, J. Haaga\nand C. Keely (eds), The Demography of Forced Migration: Summary of a Workshop, National\nAcademy Press, Washington DC, 1998, pp. 9-12.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "developing countries, this seemingly entirely reasonable requirement - the need to count the\nrefugees - has, to a significant extent, dominated policy, planning, implementation and\nevaluation.\u201d Setting out to expose the \u201cunderlying ideological assumptions\u201d of enumeration, the\nauthor argues that \u201cthe requirement to count refugees leads to highly undesirable, oppressive\nconsequences for refugees. It forms a central component in an ideology of control which is part\nand parcel of most assistance programmes.\u201d [3]\n\n\nWhile it would be wrong to dismiss every element of this argument (because assistance\nprogrammes _are_ informed by an ideology of control, however benign the motivations of the\nindividuals responsible for implementing them) it is difficult to envisage a situation in which the\ntask of collecting refugee numbers could simply be ignored by the actors which constitute the\ninternational refugee regime. UNHCR, for example, needs \u2018caseload statistics\u2019 to fulfill its\nmandatory task of refugee protection, to plan its programmes, to draw up its budgets, to\nallocate its resources, to procure essential assistance items, to establish logistical systems, to\nraise money from donor states and to account for the organization\u2019s expenditure. Registration\nis also in the interests of refugees themselves. As M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res has observed,\n\u201cwithout registration, refugees have no rights and families cannot be reunified. Without\nregistered names, the numbers of refugees are easy to manipulate and assistance is difficult to\nmonitor.\u201d [4]\n\n\nWithin the donor states, those ministries responsible for funding relief and development\nactivities need refugee statistics to justify the resources that they receive from the treasury and\ntaxpayer. Host governments need statistics for security purposes, to anticipate the social and\neconomic impact of a refugee influx and to ensure that the refugees\u2019 presence is taken into\naccount in the formulation of local, regional and national development plans. And the media\n(which, if not a part of the international refugee regime, is used by and exerts a considerable\ninfluence upon it) need statistics to provide their audience with information about the refugee\nmovements, mass displacements and asylum flows taking place throughout the world. The\nprecise nature of the statistics required by these different actors evidently varies. Journalists\nand advocacy groups, for example, are most likely to be concerned with easily-digested\n\u2018headline\u2019 figures: the size of a refugee influx; the total number of refugees to be found on the\nterritory of a given state; or the relative number of asylum applications received and recognized\nby different governments in the same region.\n\n\nFor UNHCR and its operational partners, however, the level of statistical detail required is\nnormally much greater. To provide a refugee population with effective protection and\nassistance, it will normally be necessary to know something about the composition of that\ncommunity in terms of gender, age, ethnic origin and household structure. And in situations\nwhere an exiled population wishes to return to its homeland, statistical data on the refugees\u2019\nplace of origin, educational background, skills and occupational status is an obvious\nprerequisite for effective repatriation and reintegration planning.\n\n\nDuring the past 10 to 15 years, the requirement for such statistical data has been strengthened\nby the recognition that refugee populations are not simply an undifferentiated mass of people\nwith identical needs and capacities. Rather, such populations consist of many different (and\noverlapping) social groups: males and females; elderly people, adults, adolescents and\nchildren; the able-bodied and the disabled; female-headed households and unaccompanied\nchildren. The collection of accurate data on these different social groups not only provides an\nimportant basis for effective programming, but also contributes to the all-important task of\nmobilizing financial resources. As UNHCR's registration guidelines point out. \u201cit is easier to\n\n\n3 B. Harrell-Bond, E. Voutira and M. Leopold, \u2018Counting the refugees: gifts, givers, patrons and\nclients\u2019, Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 5, no. 3/4, 1992. Similar arguments can be found in\nJ. Telford, Counting and Identification of Beneficiary Populations in Emergency Operations:\nRegistration and its Alternatives, Relief and Rehabilitation Network, Overseas Development\nInstitute, London, 1997.\n\n\n4 \u2018UNHCR must take full responsibility for all of the Kosovo refugees\u2019, MSF press release, 9\nApril 1999.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "raise funds for the needs of particular groups within a population when there is detailed\ninformation available on the beneficiaries.\u201d [5]\n\n\n**Constraints on accuracy and consistency**\n\n\nWhile statistics are central to the functions of the international refugee regime, it has long been\nrecognized that the collection of accurate data on displaced populations is confronted with\nsome formidable obstacles. Writing in 1985, for example, Gaim Kibreab pointed out that \u201cthere\nis a cloud of uncertainty and unreliability surrounding African refugee statistics.\u201d [6] Six years later,\na report issued by the US State Department\u2019s Bureau for Refugee Programs noted that\n\u201ccounting refugees is at best an approximate science.\u201d [7] And a recently-published International\nLabour Office volume on the collection of international migration statistics observes that \u201cmuch\nof the information available on refugees and persons in need of protection is tentative at best.\u201d [8]\n\n\nUNHCR has also acknowledged its own limitations in this area. In the words of the agency\u2019s\nflagship publication, _The State of the World\u2019s Refugees:_\n\n\n\u201cthe press and the media, NGOs and research bodies make constant demands on UNHCR for\nfacts and figures, especially when major refugee movements or repatriation operations are\ntaking place. All too often, however, UNHCR finds if difficult to answer such queries with any\nreal degree of accuracy. Moreover, the figures collected by UNHCR frequently diverge from\nthose reported by journalists, voluntary agencies, host governments and donor states.\u201d [9]\n\n\nWhy exactly is it so difficult for UNHCR and other elements of the international refugee regime\nto produce accurate and consistent figures in relation to displaced populations? This section\nbegins to answer that question by focusing on the definitional and operational obstacles to\neffective enumeration, while the following section looks at the way in which political\nconsiderations impinge upon refugee statistics.\n\n\n_**Definitional problems**_\n\n\nAny form of enumeration exercise must be based upon a clearly defined unit of measurement if\nit is to produce reliable, usable and comparable data. In the case of refugee statistics, however,\nsuch clarity does not always exist. The word \u2018refugee\u2019 is itself subject to quite different\ndefinitions and interpretations. Under the terms of the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, the\nrefugee concept is used to describe those people who are outside of their own country and\nunable to return to it because they have a \u201cwell-founded fear of persecution\u201d there. That\ncontinues to be the definition used by the industrialized states. In less-developed regions such\nas Africa, Central and South America, however, the concept has been formally broadened\n(through the Organization of African Unity Refugee Convention and the Cartagena Declaration)\nto include people who have sought refuge in other countries as a result of aggression,\noccupation, generalized violence and events seriously disturbing public order. As a result of\nthese different approaches, an individual who would be counted as a refugee in one part of the\nworld might not qualify for that status in another.\n\n\nThe USCR, which publishes an influential annual survey of refugee affairs, employs yet another\napproach, counting those refugees and asylum seekers who are deemed to be \u201cin need of\nprotection and/or assistance.\u201d The distinguishing characteristic of such refugees, the USCR\nhas explained, is \u201ctheir inability to repatriate due to continued fear of persecution in their\n\n\n5 UNHCR, Registration Guidelines, on Refworld CD-Rom, UNHCR, Geneva, 1998, pp. 2-3.\n\n\n6 G. Kibreab, African Refugees: Reflections on the African Refugee Problem, Africa World\nPress, Trenton NJ, 1985, p. 10.\n\n\n7 US Department of State, World Refugee Report, Washington DC, 1991, p. 85.\n\n\n8 R. Bilsborrow et al, International Migration Statistics: Guidelines for Improving Data Collection\nSystems, ILO, Geneva, 1997, p. 227.\n\n\n9 The State of the World\u2019s Refugees, op cit, p. 244.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "homelands and the absence of permanent settlement opportunities in their countries of asylum\nor elsewhere.\u201d [10] The result of this approach (which has been subject to some criticism by\nUNHCR\u2019s senior statistician) is to exclude some sizeable groups of refugees who have settled\nin regions such as Western Europe, North America and Australasia. [11]\n\n\nConversely, while the USCR includes in its global refugee statistics the three million\nPalestinians who are registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine\nRefugees in the Near East (UNRWA), UNHCR does not include this group of refugees as they\nfall outside of the agency\u2019s mandate. Scholars and journalists who make use of the USCR and\nUNHCR figures almost invariably fail to recognize these important definitional differences.\n\n\nThe general level of confusion surrounding the issue of refugee statistics is compounded by the\nfact that many commentators on international affairs (especially those in the popular press) use\nthe refugee concept to denote anyone who has been forced to leave their usual place of\nresidence, whether or not they have crossed an international border. Media reports about\nAfghanistan, Angola, Somalia and Sudan, for example, frequently refer to the large number of\n\u2018refugees\u2019 living in those countries, when they are actually referring to internally displaced\npeople (IDPs).\n\n\nThe enumeration of internally displaced populations is characterized by its own set of\ndefinitional and methodological difficulties. Unlike the refugee concept, the notion of an\n\u2018internally displaced person\u2019 has never been defined in international law. Many humanitarian\norganizations and advocacy groups make reference to IDP statistics in their publications. But a\nnumber of important questions usually go unanswered. In the absence of a clear criterion such\nas the crossing of an international border, how far does a person have to move to be\nconsidered \u2018internally displaced\u2019? When do internally people cease to warrant that status: when\nthey return to their original place of residence, or when they have achieved a certain degree of\nphysical and socio-economic security in the place to which they have fled? Given that a large\nproportion of the world\u2019s IDPs are thought to live in towns and cities, how can they be\ndifferentiated from other rural-to-urban migrants? How does one distinguish a refugee from an\nIDP in situations such as former Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union, where international\nboundaries have changed? And in countries which are engulfed by armed conflict, does it make\nany sense to distinguish IDPs from \u2018war-affected populations\u2019 who are besieged in their own\nhomes?\n\n\nThe difficulties associated with the IDP concept are symptomatic of a broader problem\nconfronting the international refugee regime: the extent to which established categories and\ndefinitions are being undermined by operational realities. In a number of countries around the\nworld, UNHCR has become involved in emergencies of such complexity that it is very difficult to\nmake a meaningful distinction between \u2018refugees\u2019, \u2018returnees\u2019, \u2018internally displaced people\u2019 and\n\u2018local residents\u2019. And even if such distinctions can be made in strictly legal terms, they are\nirrelevant in terms of human needs and humanitarian assistance. This point is brought out\nneatly in a review of UNHCR\u2019s operations in Ethiopia, which states that \u201ccategorizing people as\nrefugee or returnees did not in this situation have a strong social validity. Most of the refugees\nand repatriants were nomads or semi-pastoralists who traditionally crossed borders. Discrete\ncategories of beneficiaries could not be confidently established in many situations. \u2018Refugees\u2019\n\n\n10 United States Committee for Refugees, World Refugee Survey, Washington DC, 1995, p.\n41.\n\n\n11 B. Hovy, \u2018The demography of refugees: discussant notes\u2019, comments presented at the\nPopulation Association of America Annual Meeting, Washington DC, March 1997; \u2018The state\nof the world\u2019s refugee statistics\u2019, paper presented at the Thomas J. Watson Institute for\nInternational Studies, Brown University, November 1997. My thanks to Bela Hovy for making\nthese papers available to me.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and \u2018returnees\u2019 were often living amongst local residents, and, on the basis of clan and family\nties, were indistinguishable from them.\u201d [12]\n\n\nThe former Soviet Union provides another interesting example of the way in which established\ncategories of displaced person (and thus established units of data collection) have been\nreconsidered in recent years. In 1996, an international plan of action was established to\naddress the problem of displacement in the former Soviet Union. Rather than confining itself to\nthe traditional vocabulary of the international refugee regime, the plan identified no fewer than\neight categories of person whose situation had to be addressed: \u2018refugees\u2019, \u2018persons in\nrefugee-like situations\u2019, \u2018internally displaced people\u2019, \u2018involuntarily relocating persons\u2019,\n\u2018repatriants\u2019, \u2018formerly deported peoples\u2019, \u2018illegal migrants\u2019 and \u2018ecological migrants\u2019. According\nto UNHCR\u2019s latest statistical report, the number of \u2018involuntarily relocating persons\u2019 in the\nRussian Federation stands at 957,000 \u2013 a significant proportion of the 22.3 million people of\nconcern to the organization throughout the world.\n\n\nIt would be wrong, however, to suggest that problems of definition and categorization occur\nonly in situations where refugees are mixed up with other groups of displaced person or\nmigrant. For even in conventional refugee situations, different figures may well be given with\nregard to the size of the same refugee population, depending on the source of those statistics\nand their means of calculation. The government may produce one figure while UNHCR reports\nanother. One statistic may refer to the number of people who are supposed to be receiving\nassistance from the international community, while another statistic may refer to the number of\npeople who are actually receiving such assistance.\n\n\n_**Operational problems**_\n\n\nAccording to a recent paper presented to UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee, the world\u2019s most\naffluent states, with all of their resources and technological sophistication, \u201chave great difficulty\nin answering or are not able to provide an answer to the simple question, \u2018how many refugees\nare living in the country\u2019.\u201d \u201cSimilarly,\u201d the paper continues, \u201cinformation is generally lacking on\nessential characteristics of the refugee population, for example, country of origin and sex.\u201d [13]\n\n\nIf it has proved so difficult for the industrialized states to provide a comprehensive statistical\npicture of the refugees on their territory, then it should come as no surprise to discover that\nrefugee statistics in developing regions of the world are also lacking in detail and reliability. The\nonly real exception to this rule is to be found in South-East Asia, where the majority of\nVietnamese boat people were kept in closed camps and carefully counted from the day of their\narrival to the day of their resettlement or repatriation. Many of the world\u2019s largest refugee and\nreturnee populations are now to be found in poor and unstable states such as Guinea, Liberia,\nSierra Leone and Zaire. In such societies, the authorities simply do not have the capacity to\ncollect high-quality refugee statistics. And while UNHCR has sought to fill this gap, the\norganization is poorly equipped and inadequately resourced for this task, especially in\nemergency situations.\n\n\nIn several recent refugee crises, very limited numbers of UNHCR field staff have been\nconfronted with movements of half a million refugees or more, across large geographical areas\nand in some of the most remote, weakly administered and environmentally hostile territories on\nearth. In such circumstances, the obstacles to effective enumeration are legion. Refugees may\nenter a country of asylum at numerous different points along a border. They may arrive in such\nlarge numbers that they can scarcely be counted. The influx may take place in an area where\nUNHCR has no access, due to insecurity or governmental obstruction. Some refugees may\nprefer not to be identified or counted. And UNHCR and its partners may well consider that their\n\n\n12 C. Sokoloff, \u2018Review of the cross-mandate approach in Ethiopia\u2019, UNHCR, Geneva, 1995,\np.1.\n\n\n13 \u2018Refugee registration and statistics\u2019, UNHCR Executive Committee paper,\nEC/48/SC/CRP.35, August 1998.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "limited resources are best spent on the provision of life-saving assistance, rather than on\ncounting the potential beneficiaries.\n\n\nAs a refugee influx levels off and relief operations become more organized, the potential for the\ncollection of accurate statistical data evidently improves. Once refugees are concentrated in\nspecific locations and assistance programmes have been established to provide them with\nfood, water, shelter and medical services, then reliable demographic data begins to come onstream. At the same time, however, the establishment of such programmes provides local\nresidents with greater incentives to register as refugees, thereby distorting the accuracy of any\nstatistics collected. The operational constraints on effective enumeration do not end there. In\norder to survive and to prepare for their eventual repatriation, refugees have to be mobile. To\nan extent that is often neglected, refugees come and go across international borders and move\naround within their countries of asylum. They may go in and out of a camp to take advantage of\nseasonal agricultural opportunities or move to a town to trade or look for work. In many\nsituations, some family members will remain in the country of asylum and continue to receive\nassistance, while others visit their country of origin in order to tend their farm or to assess the\nprospects for a longer-term return.\n\n\nRefugees may also be mobile - and consequently less countable - because they continue to be\nsubjected to persecution and violence in their ostensible country of asylum. As UNHCR has\nreported:\n\n\n\u201cForced population movements are becoming more complex. Movements of refugees and\ninternally displaced people now often criss-cross each other, collecting and discarding people\non the way. At the same time, there would appear to be a growing number of situations in which\npeople are repeatedly uprooted, expelled or relocated within and across state borders, forcing\nthem to live a desperately insecure and nomadic existence.\u201d [14]\n\n\nAn additional operational constraint to effective enumeration derives from the fact that refugee\npopulations, like any other population, are dynamic social entities. Refugees die, get married\nand give birth. Refugee households may split up or regroup. However accurate they may have\nbeen at the time of their collection, statistical data about the size and composition of a refugee\npopulation can quickly become outdated. Updating this information is not a straightforward\nexercise either, especially when the refugee population or host country concerned records\nbirths, deaths, ages and family relationships in ways that do not correspond with standard\ndemographic practice.\n\n\nThe most obvious way of dealing with some of the difficulties identified above - namely for\nUNHCR to conduct periodic registrations or revalidations of refugee populations - is easier said\nthan done. Such exercises are expensive - around a dollar per head in Africa, a sum that\nexcludes indirect costs such as staff time and travel costs. [15] Registrations and revalidations are\nlogistically complex and can only be undertaken if the necessary skills and experience are\navailable. Such exercises can lead to discomfort and even danger for the refugees concerned,\nespecially when they require large numbers of people to gather in a single location or to queue\nup for long periods in exposed areas. [16] Finally, experience has demonstrated that registration\nexercises may be actively resisted by the host government, by the refugees themselves, and\neven by UNHCR\u2019s operational partners. As one report on this issues has observed:\n\n\n\u201cIn some situations, staff and officials may not merely neglect registration, but oppose it. In one\nrecent emergency, for example, voluntary agency officials are cited as having repeatedly\nrefused to \u2018get involved with registration\u2019 as being against their humanitarian principles. In yet\nanother, officials of a major donor organization are reported to have criticized efforts towards\n\n\n14 The State of the World\u2019s Refugees: A Humanitarian Agenda, UNHCR and Oxford University\nPress,Oxford, 1997, p. 33.\n\n\n15 J. Telford, op cit, p. 57.\n\n\n16 For a first-hand account, see B. Whitaker, \u2018Faces in the crowd: counting heads and\ndeciding fatesin a camp for Rwandan refugees\u2019, Princeton Alumni Weekly, October 23, 1996.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "accurate enumeration, and urged that generous overestimates would suffice. In still another\ncase, UNHCR field staff attempting a sample survey have been criticized by voluntary agency\nstaff for their \u2018intrusive bureaucracy\u2019.\u201d [17]\n\n\n**The politics of refugee numbers**\n\n\nHow does politics impinge upon the collection of comprehensive, reliable and up-to-date\nstatistical data on refugees and other groups of displaced people? The simple answer to this\nquestion is: in many different ways and at many different levels of the international refugee\nregime. Before going on the substantiate that assertion, it should be made clear that this paper\nuses the notion of \u2018politics\u2019 in its broadest sense, to denote the efforts of individuals and\ninstitutions to pursue their own interests and to influence the behaviour of others. In the context\nof refugee situations, those actors fall into a number of conventional categories: countries of\norigin; countries of asylum; donor states; refugee populations and humanitarian organizations.\nThis section uses such categories as a convenient (if somewhat simplistic) framework to\nexamine the politics of refugee numbers and to introduce some illustrative case studies, drawn\nmainly from the author\u2019s personal experience over the past 15 years.\n\n\n_**Countries of origin: the Horn of Africa and Uganda**_\n\n\nRefugee movements are in many senses a symbol of political failure. Few states like to\nacknowledge that their citizens have been obliged \u2018vote with their own feet\u2019 by leaving their\ncountry of origin, even if that state has deliberately engineered their departure. In some\nsituations, governments address this issue by claiming that the \u2018refugees\u2019 who have left the\ncountry are not refugees at all, or that they are not even citizens of that state. The Bhutanese\ngovernment\u2019s explanation of the ethnic Nepali exodus in 1991-92 and the Burmese\ngovernment\u2019s interpretation of the Rohingya refugee movement of the same period both\nconform to this general model, as does (to a lesser extent) the Vietnamese explanation of the\nboat people\u2019s departure in the 1970s and 1980s.\n\n\nIt is also common practice for countries of origin to suggest that their citizens have departed at\nthe behest of opposition movements and with the specific intention of conducting military\nactivities against them. In a considerable number of cases, moreover - the movement of\nNamibian refugees into Angola and Zambia, the Afghan exodus into Pakistan, and the more\nrecent \u2018evacuation\u2019 of Rwanda\u2019s Hutu population to Zaire and Tanzania - such suggestions\nhave some validity.\n\n\nAnother common tactic pursued by countries of origin (and one that is more directly germane to\nthe subject of this paper) is to challenge the refugee statistics reported from the country of\nasylum, and to suggest that those figures have been deliberately inflated by the government of\nthat state. Such was the case in the Horn of Africa throughout the 1980s, when Ethiopia and\nSomalia were involved in a constant wrangle concerning the respective number of Somali and\nEthiopian refugees they had admitted. In situations such as this, where refugees cross an\ninternational border in both directions, it can be very difficult for UNHCR to place any statistics\nin the public domain without offending at least one of the states involved.\n\n\nCountries of origin encounter some evident credibility problems when it comes to making\npronouncements about the number of their citizens who have fled to another state. Without\nactually being present on the other side of the border, how can they pretend to be in\npossession of more accurate data than UNHCR or the country of asylum? When it comes to\nrepatriation movements, however, the boot is very much on the other foot.\n\n\nUnlike refugees, returnees are a symbol of political success. When people decide to go back to\ntheir country of origin, the leaders of that state can claim that its citizens are expressing some\nkind of confidence in its government. At the same time, large-scale repatriation movements\nenable countries of origin to seek large-scale international assistance, both in the form of short\n\n17 P. Romanovsky and R. Stephenson, \u2018A review of refugee enumeration: proposals for the\ndevelopment of a unified system\u2019, UNHCR, Geneva, September 1995, p. 3.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "term relief and for longer-term reintegration and rehabilitation activities. In these circumstances,\nit is not surprising to find that refugee-producing countries are inclined to exaggerate returnee\nnumbers.\n\n\nA particularly blatant act of this kind took place in 1984, when the government of Milton Obote\nclaimed that between 300,000 and 400,000 Ugandan refugees had repatriated from Sudan and\nZaire, while UNHCR\u2019s statistics indicated that the Ugandan refugee population in those\ncountries was actually increasing. Despite this evidence, UNHCR and UNDP endorsed the\ngovernment\u2019s claim, included the figure of 300,000 returnees in a report submitted to the\nSecond International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa (ICARA 2), and invited\ndonor states to contribute $17.1 million dollars towards the social and economic reintegration of\nthe non-existent returnee population. [18] The Sudanese and Zairean submissions to ICARA 2\nrequested donor funding to assist exactly the same group of people in their countries of\nasylum!\n\n\n_**War-torn states: the case of Bosnia**_\n\n\nOne of the most important trends in the work of UNHCR over the past decade can be seen in\nthe shift from a \u2018refugee-centric\u2019 approach, which concerned itself only with displaced people\nwho had crossed an international border, to a \u2018holistic\u2019 approach which provides protection and\nassistance to other groups of vulnerable people. According to the organization\u2019s most recent\nstatistical review, little more than half of the 22.3 million people of concern to the organization\nare now refugees in the conventional sense of the word.\n\n\nOne manifestation of this trend can be seen in the extent to which UNHCR has become\ninvolved in war zones, working on behalf of internally displaced people and conflict-affected\npopulations. As Mark Cutts demonstrates in a recent paper on the issue of \u2018negotiated\nhumanitarian access\u2019, the organization\u2019s new role in situations of armed conflict has drawn it\ninto a new (and particularly problematic) form of the \u2018numbers game\u2019: that of determining the\nrelative amounts of assistance to be provided to the different parties involved in a vicious\ncommunal conflict. [19]\n\n\nAccording to Cutts, about 30 per cent of all food aid provided by UNHCR during the war was\ndelivered to Bosnian Serb areas - a figure which reflected the questionable claim that 30 per\ncent of Bosnia\u2019s pre-war population consisted of Serbs. But this allocation ignored the fact that\nthat the _needs_ of the Muslim population were much greater, given that many members of that\ncommunity were to be found in the besieged enclaves of Sarajevo, Srebrenica, Zepa and\nGorazde, where they were largely dependent on humanitarian assistance for their survival.\n\n\nIn Bosnian government areas, Cutts also recounts, the allocation of food for Muslims and\nCroats again reflected pre-war population figures rather than relative needs of the two\ncommunities. \u201cIndeed,\u201d he writes, \u201cbecause of pressure from the Croat authorities of Herzeg\nBosna, who controlled the main route into central Bosnia - large quantities of UNHCR food\nwere distributed to Croat areas in the far south of the country which had hardly been affected\nby the war at all, and where there was no real need for humanitarian assistance.\u201d [20] Thus by\nexploiting UNHCR\u2019s efforts to pursue an ostensibly \u2018impartial\u2019 approach to the question of\npopulation figures, the Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat authorities were able to able to further\ntheir political and military objectives.\n\n\n18 J. Crisp, \u2018Ugandan refugees in Sudan and Zaire: the problem of repatriation\u2019, African Affairs,\nvol. 86, no. 339, 1986; J. Crisp, \u2018Finding the funding and then the returnees\u2019, African\nBusiness, November 1984.\n\n\n19 M. Cutts, \u2018The humanitarian operation in Bosnia, 1992-95: dilemmas of negotiating\nhumanitarian access\u2019, New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper No. 8, UNHCR,\nGeneva, 1999.\n\n\n20 ibid, p. 15.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Countries of asylum: an African perspective**_\n\n\nWithin the humanitarian community, discussions of the \u2018politics of numbers\u2019 almost invariably\nturn to the way in which countries of asylum in developing regions make exaggerated claims\nabout the number of refugees present on their territory. According to the conventional wisdom,\nthey do this for a number of reprehensible reasons: to embarrass the government of the\ncountry of asylum and to besmirch its human rights record; to attract large amounts of\nhumanitarian assistance into the country, which can then be siphoned off to members of the\npolitical, military and business elite; to provide employment to large numbers of bureaucrats\nand refugee camp workers, many of whom would otherwise be without work or an income; to\nensure a generous supply of food and other relief items to exiled groups which are engaged in\npolitical and military campaigns against their country of origin; to maximize the amount of\nforeign exchange brought into the country by humanitarian agencies, which can subsequently\nbe converted at rates favourable to the government; and to cast the most favourable light\npossible on the country\u2019s commitment to humanitarian norms, thereby bolstering its\ninternational reputation and external support.\n\n\nWhile the truth of such allegations may be beyond dispute in certain cases, the notion that \u2018host\ncountries always cheat with the figures\u2019 is a crude and, given its prevalence in expatriate\ncircles, perhaps even a racist one. Rather than simply repeating the well-worn stories of\nexaggeration, corruption and statistical sleight of hand (the most lurid of which almost invariably\nrelate to Somalia and other countries in North-East Africa) this section of the paper considers\nthe role of the asylum country in a different, and to some extent more positive perspective.\n\n\nWhile much attention has been given to those countries in which refugee statistics appear to\nhave been inflated, far less attention has been devoted to those situations in which the \u2018politics\nof numbers\u2019 leads host country governments to report artificially low refugee statistics. As Yash\nTandon pointed out in an article 15 years ago, according to official statistics, there were some\n2,000 Ugandan refugees living in Kenya in October 1983. But, he continues, \u201cany Ugandan in\nKenya would argue that there are at least five times that number.\u201d Reflecting upon this glaring\ndiscrepancy, Tandon observes that \u201cin a situation where two countries are reasonably friendly,\nor wish to avoid antagonizing each other, it is in the interests of both to play down the\nnumbers\u2026 This is the case with Uganda and Kenya. Official figures have to take into account\nthese niceties of diplomacy.\u201d [21]\n\n\nSimilar arrangements were reported in the 1980s with respect to Somali refugees in Djibouti\nand refugees in Gabon from several states in Central Africa. During the same period, a number\nof the front-line states are known to have under-reported the number of South African exiles on\ntheir territory, for the eminently reasonable reason of discouraging military reprisals from the\ncountry of origin. [22]\n\n\nEven if African officials and governments have reported refugee statistics which appear to be\ninflated, their reasons for doing so might in some situations not be so reprehensible as they\nappear to the external observer. First, as noted in an earlier section of the paper, the\nconstraints to effective registration are such that considerable numbers of legitimate\nbeneficiaries may actually be excluded from the statistics collected by UNHCR and other\nhumanitarian organizations. Such was the case in the Ethiopian camp of Hartisheik in 1990,\nwhen a hard-hitting television documentary revealed that refugees from Somalia had been\ndenied the assistance to which they were entitled because of a long delay in the\nimplementation of a UNHCR re-registration exercise. [23]\n\n\nSecond, the criticisms made of African governments are often based on the false assumption\nthat the international community provides a full and timely supply of food for the total number of\n\n\n21 Y. Tandon, Ugandan refugees in Kenya: a community of enforced self-reliance\u2019, Disasters,\nvol. 8, no. 4, 1984.\n\n\n22 G. Kibreab, The State of the Art Review, op cit, p. 14.\n\n\n23 J. Telford, op cit, p. 26.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees reported by UNHCR. In fact, this is rarely the case. In Somalia, for example, much\nhas been made of the fact that in the mid-1980s, after lengthy negotiations, UNHCR agreed to\na \u2018planning figure\u2019 of 700,000 Ethiopian refugees - even though the agency and the World Food\nProgramme (WFP) believed the real figure to be in the region of 450,000. But as Waldron and\nHasci have revealed, the amount of food delivered after the planning figure had been agreed\n\u201cwas only 59 per cent of that required to feed 700,000 persons.\u201d [24]\n\n\nA UNHCR report on refugee enumeration confirms that the tendency of governments to report\ninflated refugee statistics is linked to the unreliability of the food aid pipeline. The relevant\npassage of the report deserves to be quoted in full, explaining as it does the humanitarian\nrationale for a certain degree of numerical manipulation:\n\n\n\u201cAs the initial burden of administration falls on local government officials, they may\nsuddenly be called upon to cope with an impossible situation. Officials in three\ncountries, who had experienced a mass refugee influx, have described in almost the\nsame words the uncoordinated flow of information from police, army and other\nsources, hopeless understaffing and pressing requirement for food and water for\nrefugees. In such a situation, estimates of total daily arrivals are quoted as, for\nexample, 2000 to 3000, on the basis of a visual examination of a crowd gathered at\none place. And officials unanimous in declaring that they would \u2018not dare\u2019 to base\nemergency relief requests on the lower guess, because it might result in a fatal\ninsufficiency of relief.\u201d\n\n\n\u201cThe belief of _all_ staff and officials involved, that emergency relief shipments, at least of bulk\ncommodities such as wheat, are likely to take weeks rather than days, leads officials to further\ngenerous overestimates of numbers. For example, one official declared that he usually doubled\nthe figures that he had estimated, in the knowledge that by the time deliveries were made,\nthere might well be a shortfall in quantities delivered and a significant increase in the grand total\nseeking relief as inaccurately assessed numbers of daily arrivals continued to accumulate. In a\nsense, this may be described as contingency planning\u2026\u201d [25]\n\n\nA final explanation - and to some extent a justification - for the inflation of refugee statistics in\ndeveloping countries is to be found in the functioning of the international refugee regime. It is\nwell known that in many emergency situations, the initial assistance provided to the refugees\ncomes not from UNHCR or WFP, but from the local population and authorities. It has also been\nestablished (although more research remains to be done on this matter) that the local\npopulation, particularly its poorer members, may be adversely affected by the sudden arrival\nand continued presence of a large-scale refugee population. And yet the needs of local\nresidents are frequently neglected or accorded a relatively low priority in the design and\nimplementation of refugee assistance programmes. In such circumstances, it is not really\nsurprising that some citizens of the asylum country should register as refugees, or that\ngovernment officials should seek to gain some kind of compensation for the areas they\nadminister by exaggerating the figures on which internationally-funded refugee assistance\nprogrammes are (theoretically) based.\n\n\n_**Donor states: western Europe, eastern Zaire and post-Dayton Bosnia**_\n\n\nAs suggested in the preceding section, asylum countries in the developing world have\ntraditionally come off worst in discussions of the politics of refugee numbers. It is therefore of\nsome importance to identify some of the ways in which the donor states bring their own\ninterests to bear on the production and use of refugee statistics.\n\n\nFirst, when it comes to their own refugee and asylum statistics, governments and politicians in\nthe industrialized states have a tendency to be very selective in their presentation of statistical\n\n\n24 S. Waldron and N. Hasci, Somali Refugees in the Horn of Africa: State of the Art Literature\nReview, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, 1995, p. 26.\n\n\n25 P. Romanovsky and R. Stephenson, op cit, pp. 3-4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "data. An administration which is seeking to justify the introduction of a more restrictive asylum\npolicy, for example, may refer to statistics which demonstrate a sharp increase in the number of\npeople submitting requests for refugee status. But it may neglect to point out what proportion of\nthe total have been recognized as refugees or offered some other form of protection. Indeed,\nthe governments of Western Europe appear far happier to talk about the number of asylum\napplicants who fail to qualify for refugee status, a tactic which helps to reinforce the public\nperception that there is no essential difference between an asylum seeker, an economic\nmigrant and an illegal immigrant. Similarly, one would have to look long and hard for any official\nstatement that acknowledged or explained the fact that refugee recognition rates in Western\nEurope (around 24 per cent) are less than half the rate recorded in North America (around 63\nper cent). [26]\n\n\nSecond, the industrialized states have a self-evident political interest in playing down the\nnumber of refugees who have fled from countries which are considered to be useful friends and\nallies, and in playing up the number who have escaped from hostile states. This was\nparticularly the case during the Cold War years, when the exodus of refugees and asylum\nseekers from communist countries such as Afghanistan, Cuba, Ethiopia, Viet Nam and the\nSoviet Union itself provided the western bloc with a valuable form of propaganda. At the same\ntime, by establishing generously-funded assistance programmes for such refugee populations,\nthe main donor states could also provide active support to exiled opposition movements which\nwere struggling to oust or destabilize Soviet-backed regimes. Thus the very high figures which\nPakistan claimed for its Afghan population (more than three million in total) did not come under\nvery serious scrutiny from the donor states until the Soviets had withdrawn and the strategic\nimportance of the Afghan exiles had diminished.\n\n\nAs the final section of this paper will suggest, the end of the Cold War has in certain respects\nfacilitated the collection and dissemination of accurate refugee statistics, relieving UNHCR of\nsome of the political pressures to which it was subjected during that period. Even so, events in\neastern Zaire in 1996 seemed to demonstrate that the geopolitical interests of the USA and its\nallies can still impinge very directly upon the question of refugee numbers.\n\n\nIn November 1996, after more than two years in exile, around half a million Rwandans trekked\nout of eastern Zaire and returned to their country of origin. Within a matter of days, the mass\nrepatriation was over, encouraging some commentators (including representatives of the US\ngovernment and the Rwandan authorities) to declare that the refugee crisis in the Great Lakes\nregion of Africa had effectively been resolved.\n\n\nIt soon became clear, however, that the story of the repatriation was less straightforward - and\na great deal more tragic - than it first appeared. Contrary to the claim that all of the Rwandans\nhad gone home, there was evidence to suggest that between 500,000 and 700,000 remained in\neastern Zaire, where they were being hunted down and killed by the rebel forces linked to the\ngovernment in Kigali.\n\n\nAt a press conference in Kigali on 23 November 1996, the US military dismissed such\nsuggestions, claiming that their satellite photos had located only one significant cluster of\nRwandans in eastern Zaire. That group, moreover, consisted not of _bona fide_ refugees, but of\nsoldiers and militia members who had been responsible for the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The\npolitical advisor to the Rwandan president adopted a similar position, stating, \u201cwe challenge the\nUNHCR to give us proof of where those refugees are. Nowhere do the American satellite\nphotographs show up any significant refugee concentrations.\u201d [27]\n\n\n26 Refugees and Others of Concern to UNHCR: 1997 Statistical Overview, UNHCR, Geneva,\n1998, pp. 72-74.\n\n\n27 J. Pottier, \u2018The \u2018self\u2019 in self-repatriation: closing down Mugunga camp, eastern Zaire\u2019, in R.\nBlack and K. Khoser, The End of the Refugee Cycle: Refugee Repatriation and\nReconstruction, Berghahn Books, Oxford, 1999, p. 148. See also S. Massey, \u2018Operation\nAssurance: the greatest intervention that never was\u2019, Journal of Humanitarian Assistance,\n, posted 15 February 1998.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These statements were in turn refuted by a senior official from Oxfam UK, who stated that on\n20 November 1996 - three days _before_ the press conference took place - his staff had been\nshown the US military\u2019s satellite and aerial photos, which \u201cconfirmed, in considerable detail, the\nexistence of over 500,000 people, distributed in three major and numerous minor\nagglomerations.\u201d \u201cOn the basis of the quality and authority of the information received by\nOxfam on 20 November,\u201d he concluded, \u201cwe feel bound to conclude that as many as 400,000\nrefugees and unknown numbers of Zairean displaced persons have, in effect, been air-brushed\nfrom history.\u201d A UNHCR statement which was consistent with the Oxfam position was angrily\nrejected by the Rwandan authorities. According to one commentator, \u201cKigali officials retorted\nthat UNHCR had a habit of exaggerating its figures, so why would anyone want to believe them\nthis time round.\u201d [28]\n\n\nThird, the interest of donor states in refugee statistics can be strongly conditioned by the desire\nto limit their expenditure on refugee assistance programmes and to bring an early halt to\nlongstanding humanitarian operations which have outlived their political usefulness. That was\nclearly the situation in Bosnia in 1996, shortly after the conclusion of the war. As a\nWFP/UNHCR report on the Bosnian food distribution programme concluded:\n\n\n\u201cIntensifying efforts to target more precisely became an issue almost immediately after\nthe signing of the Dayton Peace Accord. The overriding factor was donor pressure,\nwhich was inspired by a strong desire to reduce rations. The simple logic was that\npeace should bring stability and economic recovery, and that people would return to\ntheir places of origin, and hence large reductions in food aid would be both possible\nand necessary. Further justifications for reductions of humanitarian assistance were\noffered, including the usual arguments about avoiding the creation of food aid\ndependency and disincentives to agricultural production. In any case, what seemed\nclear was that a policy decision was made, calling for a reduction in the quantities of\nfood aid to be delivered, and hence the need for a reduction in the number of\nbeneficiaries to be assisted. [29]\n\n\nInterestingly, the report concluded that the steps taken as a result of such pressure from the\nmajor donors had not been in the interests of people trying to recover from the war. \u201cThere are\ndifficulties in the process of scaling down the programme. The reduction exercise is now being\nundertaken quite rapidly, allowing the authorities little time to either make a reliable census and\nto establish structures to assist people who will no longer appear on the beneficiary lists\u2026 [The]\nscaling down exercise is being carried out more rapidly than the government can set up viable\nand sustainable safety nets.\u201d [30]\n\n\nFinally, as indicated by the quotation at the very beginning of this paper, refugee statistics may\nfulfill the political function of legitimizing action (military action in the case of Yugoslavia) against\na country of origin which is responsible for the displacement or expulsion of its citizens. In this\nrespect, the situation which emerged in Kosovo in the first half of 1999 was not entirely unique.\nIndeed, some significant similarities can be found with the Kurdish refugee crisis of 1991, in\nthat that both situations involved gross violations of human rights and mass population\ndisplacements, deliberately provoked by authoritarian regimes which had challenged the US\nand its allies. What seems to have been different in the case of Kosovo is that military action\nwas not mandated by the United Nations (and was opposed by two permanent members of the\nSecurity Council), that public support for the airstrikes appeared to be somewhat shaky, and\nthat the country of origin concerned had a relatively effective military capacity.\n\n\n28 J. Pottier, op cit, p. 149. At the end of 1997, UNHCR reported that \u201csome 173,000\nRwandans remain unaccounted for.\u201d Refugees and Others of Concern to UNHCR, op cit, p.\n13.\n\n\n29 \u2018WFP/UNHCR joint evaluation mission: emergency food assistance to returnees, refugees,\ndisplaced persons and other war-affected populations in Bosnia-Herzegovina\u2019, WFP/UNHCR,\nRome, 1997, p. 23.\n\n\n30 ibid, pp. 25-6.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At the time when this paper was drafted (the end of March 1999) refugee statistics and\nprojected refugee movements had become the central component of the political and public\nrelations strategy which NATO was using to maintain support for its action. According to media\nstatements made by the alliance\u2019s representatives, Europe was confronted with \u201cthe greatest\nhumanitarian disaster since the end of world war two.\u201d [31] Some 250,000 Kosovo Albanians were\nsaid to be on the move, heading towards friendly but fragile political entities such as Macedonia\nand Montenegro. And at least a million more were threatened with displacement. While such\nstatements and statistics may well have been reasonably accurate, there is little doubt that they\nwere very consciously used as a means of relaunching and legitimizing the doctrine of\n\u2018humanitarian intervention\u2019.\n\n\n**UNHCR and the professionalization of refugee statistics**\n\n\nThe preceding section attempted to provide some concrete examples of the way in which\npolitical interests impinge upon the issue of refugee statistics. But a great deal more work\nremains to be done in this area. First, it should be possible to identify a much broader range of\ncase studies, particularly from regions which have been neglected in this paper: the Caucasus,\nCentral America and West Africa, for example.\n\n\nSecond, the kind of analysis which the paper has applied to countries of origin, countries of\nasylum and the donor states must evidently be extended to other relevant actors, most notably\nhumanitarian organizations and refugee populations themselves.\n\n\nWith regard to the former, it would be instructive to examine the extent to which aid agencies\nexaggerate refugee and returnee statistics in the hope of boosting their fundraising efforts and\ntheir international reputation. [32] It would also be interesting to analyse the way in which different\nlobby groups within the humanitarian world - those who act as advocates for women and\nchildren, for example - manipulate refugee statistics in order to gain greater attention and\nresources for their particular \u2018client\u2019 group. With regard to latter, a systematic analysis of the\nway in which refugees and their leaders attempt to manipulate, obstruct, influence or facilitate\nthe processes of registration and enumeration would be of considerable value.\n\n\nAdditional thinking is also required with regard to the role which policymakers, practitioners and\nsocial scientists can play in improving the accuracy of refugee statistics. In this respect, a\ntentative hypothesis can be presented.\n\n\nOn one hand, the end of the cold war seems to have contributed to the task of depoliticization.\nAt the international level, refugee statistics have generally become a less sensitive issue and\nare less frequently used as a weapon of propaganda. At the same time, countries of asylum in\nthe developing world (especially Africa) which previously enjoyed the support of the\nsuperpowers have become economically and politically weaker. Donor states are now less\nwilling to turn a blind eye to inflated refugee numbers, a situation which has in turn enabled\nUNHCR to collect and disseminate more realistic figures.\n\n\nOn the other hand, there is some evidence to suggest that the struggle over refugee numbers\nhas intensified at the local level. As witnessed in a number of recent wars - Bosnia, Kosovo,\n\n\n31 NATO spokesperson Jamie Shea, on CNN, 29 March 1999.\n\n\n32 UNHCR has often asserted, for example, that 1.7 million Mozambican refugees returned to\ntheir homeland between 1992 and 1995 \u2018in the context of a UNHCR repatriation programme\u2019.\nThis formula tends to obscure the fact that only 375,000 of the returnees were provided with\ntransport and reception facilities by UNHCR. See J. Crisp, \u2018From social disarticulation to\nsocial reconstruction: a critical review of the UNHCR reintegration programme for returning\nrefugees and displaced people in Mozambique\u2019, paper presented to the conference\n\u2018Reconstructing livelihoods: towards new approaches to resettlement\u2019, Oxford, September\n1996. For an example of the way in which statistics can become a source of dispute between\ndifferent humanitarian agencies, see L. Payne, Rebuilding Communities in a Refugee\nSettlement: A Casebook from Uganda, Oxfam, Oxford, 1998.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone - population displacements and humanitarian assistance have\nboth become key variables in the political and military strategies of the warring parties. As well\nas being a product of armed conflict, refugee camps and emergency relief programmes have\nbecome an arena of conflict themselves. As John Telford rightly points out, such circumstances\nhave inevitable consequences for the registration and enumeration of refugees:\n\n\n\u201cGood communication with and among all those involved in an assistance programme\nis a _sine qua non_ for the reliable collection, analysis and processing of information on\nindividuals, groups or populations. In turn, trust, based on an absence of real of\nperceived threats to interests, is essential for good communication\u2026 Increasingly in\nhumanitarian operations, a mutually trusting environment does not seem to exist. This\nmay reflect as much the politics into which humanitarian assistance delivery is\nbecoming drawn, as the poor management of some of its programmes.\u201d [33]\n\n\n_**Practical steps and improvements**_\n\n\nTo return to the principal theme of this final section, some useful lessons might be learned from\nthe practical measures which UNHCR has taken in recent years to improve its performance in\nthe area of refugee statistics. As a staff member of the agency, the author is poorly placed to\noffer an impartial evaluation of such initiatives. The following paragraphs will thus be primarily\ndescriptive in nature.\n\n\nPrior to the 1990s, UNHCR\u2019s capacity and commitment in the area of refugee statistics was by\nany standard weak. Statistics were collected at the country level, but this function was\nundertaken in an unsystematic manner and with little supervision from headquarters. While\nstatistics had to be presented to the organization\u2019s Executive Committee on an annual basis,\nthe figures were prepared on a desk-by-desk basis, and did not conform to a standard format.\nThe Public Information Service published an annual refugee map and statistical table, but this\nsimply contained a single figure for each host country in the world, without any explanatory\nnotes or any indication as to the national origins of those refugees.\n\n\nWhen UNHCR\u2019s evaluation unit undertook a detailed review of the statistical function in 1985,\nthe severity of the situation was revealed. Because the data at its disposal was so poor, the\nreview concluded, UNHCR was losing control of its programmes and losing credibility in the\neyes of donors. \u201cAs confidence in the statistics provided starts to decline,\u201d the review stated,\n\u201cnumerous ad hoc and costly re-enumerations have been embarked upon, but with little\nconsideration of lessons learned in other countries and with little understanding of the\nlimitations of the techniques.\u201d\n\n\nLooking further into the function, the review identified a range of other problems. First, the\norganization was in some situations \u201ctotally dependent on host governments for the numbers\non which assistance programmes are based.\u201d Second, its efforts lacked consistency and\ncontinuity. At headquarters, several different UNHCR units were producing their own statistics,\nbut without making any real attempt to coordinate their activities. In the field, enumeration\nsystems were being \u201creinvented again and again by different staff of different levels of\ncompetence.\u201d \u201cIn a few countries,\u201d the report observed, \u201cthere is no way whatever to be certain\nabout _any_ figure.\u201d Third, the report concluded, there was a general lack of seriousness in the\nway that statistics were handled. \u201cRefugee enumeration is generally recognized as the\nfoundation of effective relief and assistance programmes, but it is almost inevitably given the\nlowest ranking in an emergency\u2026 In some situations, staff and officials may not merely neglect\nregistration, but oppose it.\u201d [34]\n\n\nSeven years later, in 1993, a member of the earlier evaluation team conducted a follow-up\nreview of UNHCR\u2019s policies and practices with regard to refugee enumeration and statistics. He\nwas not able to report a great deal of progress:\n\n\n33 J. Telford, op cit, p. 17.\n\n\n34 All the preceding quotations are from P. Romanovsky and R. Stephenson, op cit.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201cOver the past decade, UNHCR has devoted considerable time and resources to the collection\nof statistical data on large refugee populations. The results of such efforts, however, have often\nproved to be inaccurate and inconsistent. In many countries, host government figures differ\nwidely from UNHCR\u2019s own statistics and estimates. There is confusion both within and outside\nof UNHCR about the various categories of people who can be considered and counted as\nrefugees\u2026 Some UNHCR staff\u2026 see no value in risking a confrontation with the host\ngovernment authorities and prefer to restate unvalidated official data in their own reports.\u201d [35]\n\n\nSince those words were written, several initiatives have been taken to professionalize (perhaps\na more useful word than depoliticize) the statistical function within UNHCR. First, 1993\nwitnessed the recruitment of the agency\u2019s first professional statistician, an expert in population\nand migration statistics with previous UN experience. The post has since been upgraded to the\ntitle of Senior Statistician and has been given \u2018specialist\u2019 status, allowing the staff member\nconcerned to remain in post in Geneva - an arrangement which, according to the incumbent,\nprovides the function with a valuable degree of authority and independence.\n\n\nSecond, since 1994, UNHCR has published an annual statistical overview of \u2018refugees and\nothers of concern to UNHCR\u2019. As well as an introductory essay which discusses concepts,\ndefinitions, sources and major trends, the review provides an increasingly broad and detailed\nset of statistical tables, including a number on the demographic structure of refugee\npopulations. Thus in 1994, the review consisted of 32 pages and included 15 tables. By 1998,\nthe publication had grown to 104 pages and included 32 tables. As well as being widely\ndistributed in hard copy, these tables are available on the UNHCR website and the _Refworld_\nCD-Rom. The annual statistical review also forms the basis of all the figures which appear in\nUNHCR publications such as _Refugees_ magazine, _The State of the World\u2019s Refugees_ and the\nannual _Global Appeal._ Recognizing the fluidity of many refugee situations and the constant\nneed for up-to-date figures, efforts are now being made to collect refugee statistics on a\nquarterly, rather than an annual basis.\n\n\nThird, a variety of different steps have been taken over the past five years to enhance\nUNHCR\u2019s capacity in the area of refugee registration. In 1994, the organization\u2019s _Registration_\n_Guidelines_ were published. As well as pooling much of the experience gained by UNHCR, the\nguidelines (which are periodically updated and refined) provide field staff and operational\npartners with a variety of different registration tools and approaches which can be adapted to\nthe situation at hand.\n\n\nThese measures have been taken in parallel with a number of other measures: the\nestablishment of an expanded registration training programme for UNHCR, WFP, NGO and\ngovernment staff; the stockpiling of registration kits, including items such as registration cards\nand forms, wristbands, tokens, computer software and the registration guidelines themselves;\nthe appointment of two regional registration officers in Africa, responsible for providing UNHCR\noffices with technical expertise and coordination; and the establishment of a roster of UNHCR\nstaff who have proven skills and experience in the area of registration. In accordance with its\nStatute, UNHCR continues to undertake the function of \u201cobtaining from governments\ninformation concerning the number and conditions of refugees in their territories.\u201d And in\nsupport of that function, the organization also undertakes periodic registration exercises in all\nfield operations where refugees are provided with material assistance.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nAs this paper has attempted to demonstrate, the collection of accurate and consistent refugee\nstatistics is an extremely difficult task. A wide range of practical obstacles stand in the way of\neffective registration and enumeration. At the same time, because of the way they impinge\nupon the interests of host countries, countries of origin, humanitarian agencies and other\nactors, refugee statistics will always be a source of controversy and dispute. Recognizing these\n\n\n35 R. Stephenson, \u2018Refugee enumeration and statistics: a review of UNHCR policies and\npractices\u2019, UNHCR, Geneva, 1993, pp. 1-2.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "realities, UNHCR has not sought to depoliticize the issue of refugee statistics, but it has\nattempted to professionalize its approach to this important function.\n\n\n**NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n**Previous papers**\n\n\n1. Globalization and the dynamics of international migration: implications for the\nrefugee regime Sarah Collinson, May 1999\n\n2. From resettlement to involuntary repatriation: towards a critical history of\ndurable solutions B. S. Chimni, May 1999\n\n3. The evolution of US immigration and refugee policy: public opinion, domestic\npolitics and UNHCR Michael J. McBride, May 1999\n\n4. Rejected asylum seekers: the problem of return Gregor Noll, May 1999\n\n5. The end of asylum? The changing nature of refugee policies in Africa\nBonaventure Rutinwa, May 1999\n\n6. Europe\u2019s response to the arrival of asylum seekers: refugee protection and\nimmigration control Jens Vedsted-Hansen, May 1999\n\n7. Policy challenges of the new diasporas: migrant networks and their impact on\nasylum flows and regimes Jeff Crisp, May 1999\n\n8. The humanitarian operation in Bosnia, 1992-95: the dilemmas of negotiating\nhumanitarian access Mark Cutts, May 1999\n\n9. Angry young men in camps: gender, age and class relations amongst\nBurundian refugees in Tanzania Simon Turner, June 1999\n\n10. Deflecting international protection by treaty: bilateral and multilateral accords\non extradition, readmission and the inadmissibility of asylum requests Karin\nLandgren, June 1999\n\n11. Changing opportunities: refugees and host communities in western Tanzania\nBeth Elise Whitaker, June 1999\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/524235ad-ad20-3b57-8f5d-fb4ced1d78d8/ED9302CE174AB751C1256DAD0037FB44-hcr-count-jun99.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_334/raw/doc_334_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_334/raw/doc_334_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d8fab11646403aa9ab73642d7126b958f036f379..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_334/raw/doc_334_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 185**\n\n# **Homeward bound?** **Towards a new and political** **understanding of refugee repatriation**\n\n\n**Katy Long**\n\n\nRefugee Studies Centre,\n\nUniversity of Oxford\n\n\nand\n\n\nConsultant,\nPolicy Development and Evaluation Service,\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nE-mail: katylong@gmail.com\n\n\nFebruary 2010\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as external\nresearchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do\nnot represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under \u201epublications\u201f at\n.\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction: the meanings of repatriation**\n\n\nIn the past century, refugee repatriation has been imagined as both a return \u201chome\u201d\nand a restoration of citizenship rights (see Black and Koser [1999], Long and Oxfeld\n\n[2004]). This paper explores why two distinct \u2013 and at times contradictory \u2013 meanings\nhave been attached to the practice of refugee repatriation. I demonstrate that\nunderstandings of repatriation have been influenced by two parallel \u2013 but separate and\nsometimes antagonistic \u2013 historical processes: the development of a universal human\nrights framework and the establishment of nation-states as the unit of sovereign\npolitical organization.\n\n\nRefugees\u201f restoration to citizenship through repatriation is concerned with their regaining of universal freedoms and rights by ensuring their access to the protection of\ntheir state of origin. Yet the idea of refugees\u201f return \u201chome\u201d \u2013 which is what\ndistinguishes repatriation from other durable solutions that also offer a return to\ncitizenship \u2013 is concerned not with universal rights, but with reasserting the \u201cnatural\u201d\nconcord between place and people, and through this reinforcing the legitimacy of the\nsovereign nation-state as the modern expression of _patria_ . Nation-states\u201f interest in\ntheir own security (and continued survival) mean that preference has been given to the\nnotion of repatriation as a form of physical return and re-anchoring of populations\nover and above an emphasis on meaningful citizenship.\n\n\nIn this paper I argue that while repatriation _can_ involve both a return to citizenship\nand a physical return \u201chome\u201d, these two ideas are _distinct_ concepts, and the fulfilment\nof one condition does not necessarily ensure the fulfilment of the other. I demonstrate\nthat repatriation practices can ultimately only be considered compatible with the\ninternational community\u201fs liberal political principles if attention is focused on the\nsecuring of human rights through citizenship, rather than the cessation of human\nmovement through return.\n\n\nThe paper makes clear that by understandings repatriation as a process involving the\nremaking of political community \u2013 which in the contemporary terms of liberal\ninternational political organization equates to the creation or restoration of meaningful\ncitizenship bonds within the nation-state \u2013 repatriation must be understood as much\nmore than a mere \u201creturn home\u201d. This straightforward claim has two significant\nconsequences.\n\n\nFirstly, it provides a reason why repatriation _must_ be voluntary, because voluntariness\nis not only a desirable or admirable principle in itself but \u2013 in a political theory of\nrepatriation \u2013 it becomes a necessary pre-requisite for refugees\u201f political consent to\nre-entering citizenship.\n\n\nSecondly, by stressing that a meaningful model of repatriation is much more than\nmerely synonymous with \u201creturn\u201d, this political interpretation of repatriation raises\nthe possibility that citizenship and residency should be treated as distinct when\nconsidering \u201cdurable solutions\u201d to refugee flight. In fact, I argue that political\nrepatriation may occur without physical return. This in turn opens up the possibility of\nconnecting understandings of repatriation to refugees\u201f continued mobility, and\nremoving what has been termed the \u201csedentary bias\u201d from the international\ncommunity\u201fs approach to durable solutions (Bakewell [2008]). I suggest that\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "continued movement \u2013 for example through labour migration \u2013 may actually be\ncompatible with a political approach to repatriation that embraces the reality of\ntransnational and multi-layered political communities.\n\n\nThe paper addresses three issues. First, I sketch out the contours of a liberal theory of\nrepatriation against those of a \u201cnation-state\u201d understanding of _patria_ and show why\nvoluntary repatriation is distinct from return. Second, I argue that repatriation should\nbe understood as a form of social contract (re)making.\n\n\nFinally, I outline some of the political interests which explain why current practices of\nrepatriation do not match up to these principles, look at why citizenship-repatriation\nneed not in fact involve physical return. I conclude by considering some of the\nimplications that this observation has for contemporary policies and practices of\nrefugee repatriation.\n\n\n**A liberal theory of refugee repatriation**\n\n\nRepatriation is not an intrinsically liberal idea. Far from affirming universal liberal\nhuman rights, repatriation instead reaffirms the boundaries and security of the nationstate system of international political order, resting as it does on the notion of every\nrefugee belonging to a _patria_, and returning \u201chome\u201d.\n\n\nAs discussed in the following section, Warner and Malkki among others have played\nan important role in exposing the political assumptions that lie behind such portrayals\n(Warner [1994], Malkki [1995], Warner [1999]). Yet once the political interests\nunderlying the projection of repatriation as a return \u201chome\u201d are exposed, it only\nbecomes more evident that repatriation is an instrument for the restoration of\n\u201cnatural\u201d order between place and people first, and only incidentally a restorer of the\nrights of citizens.\n\n\nThe question must therefore be asked: is it desirable, or even feasible, to try to\nincorporate a theory of repatriation within a liberal protection regime? If so, could a\ntheory of repatriation be imagined in such a way that it actively contributed to and\nprotected the meaning and values of political liberalism, or it is merely a case of\nsoldering liberal ideals to the theory of repatriation in order to restrain its worst\nnationalist excesses? To these questions must be added a third: why ground\nrepatriation in liberal thought at all?\n\n\nThis final question is, arguably, the simplest to answer. Clearly, repatriation is not an\nintrinsically liberal idea: in fact, it is more obviously related to ideas of collective or\ncommunitarian identities and loyalties. Historical evidence from the 1940s and 1950s\ndemonstrates that during the discussions from which the contemporary international\nrefugee regime emerged, socialist states were able to present a theory of active\nrepatriation.\n\n\nThis was arguably far less problematic in terms of its internal political consistency\nwith socialist principles than were liberal attempts to marry the language of rights\nwith that of national belonging. Nevertheless the agreed understanding of repatriation\nthat emerged through the course of the twentieth century in terms of an international\nprotection regime under United Nations auspices was firmly grounded in the _liberal_\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "principles of major Western states, most obviously by the attachment of the norm of\n\u201cvoluntariness\u201d to practices of repatriation by February 1946. [1]\n\n\nPost-Cold War practices of refugee repatriation \u2013 among them repatriation operations\nin Burma, the Great Lakes, Afghanistan and the Balkans \u2013 have been equally subject\nto frequent and fierce criticism for their violation of repatriates\u201f human rights (e.g.\nAmnesty International [2003, 2008], Human Rights Watch [2004]). Yet the language\nused by states (and at times the UNHCR) to defend themselves against these charges\nis particularly important in demonstrating the extent to which understandings of\nrepatriation are firmly rooted in liberal political principle. States\u201f bilateral repatriation\nagreements affirm the importance of \u201cvoluntariness\u201d and \u201csafety\u201d and respect for\nhuman rights. [2]\n\n\nQuestionable practices that follow are defended by claiming that these terms of\nreference have indeed been fulfilled, rather than by denying their appropriateness (e.g.\nthat is \u201csafe\u201d to return Darfuris to Sudan \u2013 (House of Lords [2007]). The UNHCR\nitself is firmly embedded within a United Nations system directly concerned with\nprotecting human rights. Thus, even if contemporary practices of repatriation do not\nalways meet these liberal ideals, it is upon these liberal principles that repatriation is\njudged by those states and institutions responsible for facilitating refugee return.\n\n\nGiven that refugee repatriation is therefore claimed by liberal states and the\ninternational community to be compatible with the political principles of liberalism, it\nis important to ask whether this is a justifiable claim, and if so, _how_ the act of\nrepatriation must be framed in order to make it so.\n\n\n**Repatriation and the two meanings of** _**patria**_\n\n\nRepatriation has been continually associated with the idea of return \u201chome\u201d\nthroughout the twentieth century (Long [2009a,b]). In political terms, states and\ninternational organizations consistently present refugee repatriations as triumphal\nreturns home, even after considerable periods in exile (UNHCR [2009a]).\n\n\nIn colloquial or popular terms, refugee groups also use the language of \u201chome\u201d to\ndescribe their interest (or disinterest) in return \u2013 often invoking a nostalgic and\nidealized \u201cimagined community\u201d (Anderson [1991 (2nd Edn]), but also frequently a\npractical claim on resources and rights (Fieldwork Guatemala 2007; Fieldwork\nRwanda 2008).\n\n\nYet the association of repatriation with these personal, practical notions of the return\n\u201chome\u201d has been the subject of fierce criticism from scholars such as Malkki and\nWarner, who have argued that the concept of rootedness that \u201chome\u201d implies and\neven the idea of return itself are fundamental misrepresentations designed to allow the\n_political_ reinforcement of the boundaries of imposed national-state order (Warner\n\n[1994], Malkki [1995], Warner [1999]). As Warner argues: There is a fundamental\n\n\n1 It is important to note that practices lagged behind the establishment of a norm of voluntary\nrepatriation. The UK and US continued to forcibly repatriate Soviet citizenship through 1947 as part of\nOperation Keelhaul and Operation Eastwind, although these operations were now conducted in secret\n(Epstein [1973], Tolstoy [1977], Bethell [1987]).\n2 Interview with Mathijs Le Rutte, UNHCR Senior Legal Officer. Geneva, 6 March 2008.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nostalgia about return itself, about preserving something that was there in the past or\nimagined in the past, and _that cannot possibly_ be re-created. Even if the pre-exile\nsituation that caused the refugee to leave can be stabilized, there is no going back to\nthe situation as it was before the crisis that caused exile (Warner [1994]: 171 \u2013 my\nitalics).\n\n\nStates\u201f promotion of the non-political return \u201chome\u201d, then, is in fact a political\nillusion that focuses attention on the physical movement of the displaced and the \u201creanchoring\u201d of exiled populations. The inherent problems with this approach to return\nhave recently been recognised by UNHCR, who in their 2008 policy on Return and\nReintegration Activities argued that:\n\n\nReintegration does not consist of \u201canchoring\u201d or \u201crerooting\u201d returnees in either their places of origin or their\nprevious social and economic roles...Such forms of mobility\nshould only be regarded as a failure of the reintegration\nprocess if returnees... feel that they have no choice but to\nsettle in alternative locations (UNHCR [2008]).\n\n\nMoreover, many repatriating refugees have never seen the \u201chome\u201d to which they\n\u201creturn\u201d. In 2004, sixty-one percent of refugees worldwide were living in Protracted\nRefugee Situations (PRS) (UNHCR [2006]: 109). [3] Some 77 percent of the over two\nmillion Afghan refugees who still remain in Pakistan \u2013the site of UNHCR\u201fs largest\nrecent repatriation programme \u2013 have lived there for over thirty years (Tennant\n\n[2008]).\n\n\nWe should thus dismiss the concept of repatriation as a simple \u201creturn home\u201d. Yet the\nfact remains that repatriation does imply a return \u2013 \u201cre\u201d \u2013 to some form of _patria,_ a\nterm often loosely translated as \u201cfatherland\u201d or \u201chomeland\u201d. Yet if _patria_ can not be\nsimply correlated with \u201chome\u201d, what does _patria_ mean? And can a return to _patria_ fit\ninto a liberal framework for refugee repatriation?\n\n\nTwo ideas are implicit in the notion of _patria_, or \u201chomeland\u201d, both relevant to our\ninvestigation of the political meaning of repatriation. On the one hand, patria can be\nseen as a physical location. On the other hand, _patria_ implies a notion of collective\nidentity: \u201cbelonging\u201d.\n\n\nThese two notions of _patria_, that of territory and that of community, find their fullest\ncontemporary expression in the idea of the nation-state: that is, a self-governing\npolitical community within a bounded territory. Repatriation can be considered as a\nreturn to the nation-state, a process which involves a double return: not simply a\nreturn to a bounded territory, but also a restoration to _patria-as-community_, or\n\u201cnation\u201d.\n\n\nCertainly, the historical development of repatriation has been inextricably connected\nto the parallel rise of the bounded politics of the nation-state and the early twentieth\ncentury \u201cunmixing of peoples\u201d. The majority of twentieth-century mass political\nexoduses can be connected to questions of political-national membership: consider\nNazi Germany, Palestine, Algeria, Zimbabwe, the Balkans, Burma or Rwanda.\n\n\n3 A PRS is defined by the UNHCR as a refugee population of 25,000 persons or more which has been\nin exile for five or more years in a developing country (UNHCR [2006]: 106).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee flows from these territories had a recognizably collective political dimension\nand were provoked by the exclusivity of one nation\u201fs claims upon the exercise of state\nsovereignty. These refugee groups can thus be identified not simply as atomized\nindividuals, but as distinct political communities, often with highly developed\nstructures of governance and a clear political agenda. The \u201crefugee warrior\u201d is \u2013\ncrucially \u2013 also a member of the refugee nation (Zolberg, A., Suhrke, A. and Aguayo,\nS. [1989]: 258-277).\n\n\nThese ideas regarding the complexity of _patria_ also help in developing a more\nnuanced and political understanding of \u201chome\u201d. A liberal understanding of\nrepatriation cannot be reduced to a mere return to residence, but \u201chome\u201d should not be\ndismissed or projected as a simple assertion of concrete \u201crootedness\u201d. It can in fact be\nconsidered a far more abstract political and cultural idea.\n\n\nWhilst for many refugees, a return to \u201chome\u201d does undoubtedly involves the\nidealization of peaceable domestic life, it was evident from many of the interviews I\nconducted with many Guatemalan and Rwandan returnees that \u201chome\u201d also involved\nthe securing of political space. Three-quarters of Guatemalan refugees who repatriated\nto Guatemala, for example, did not \u201creturn\u201d to their previous communities, instead\nbuying new lands as refugee-communities and building new local political structures\n(Worby [1999]:21).\n\n\nThese observations support Gaim Kibreab\u201fs critique of Warner and Malkki\u201fs rejection\nof the value of \u201chome\u201d. Kibreab argues that in order for rights to have some\nmeaningful, concrete content, they must be made into claims. These claims require\naccess to citizenship: but in meeting these claims, the state cannot be entirely\nabstracted from its physical presence. As Kibreab argues:\n\n\nPlace still remains a major repository of rights and\nmembership... the identity people gain from their association\nwith a particular place is an indispensable instrument to a\nsocially and economically fulfilling life...despite the process\nof globalization, repatriation still represents one of the most\nimportant solutions to the problem of involuntary\ndisplacement (Kibreab [1999]: 385).\n\n\nIn particular, rights such as freedom of movement are inextricably linked to territorial\nplace: in agricultural societies, socio-economic independence also depends in an\nimmediate sense on physical access to territory (Kibreab [1999]: 387). It is also worth\nnoting that it is through the securing of territory that cultural identities and national\nautonomy are recognised by other international actors. Political and social power is\nintricately connected to physical space, returning us to the double notion of _patria_ .\n\n\nThis is further emphasised if we consider some of the implications of Arendt\u201fs\ncharacterization of citizenship as \u201ethe right to have rights\u201f (Arendt [1967 (2nd Edn.]:\n267). Arendt\u201fs recognition of the nation-state\u201fs monopolisation of citizenshipdistribution and its accompanying control of access to rights was accompanied by\ndeep disquiet over the implications of such a process for those who were now\nstateless.\n\n\nHer assertion that \u201ewe are not born equal; we become equal as members of a group on\nthe strength of our decision to guarantee ourselves mutually equal rights\u201f (Arendt\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[1967 (2nd Edn.]: 307) places nationality at the heart of political existence. Arendt\u201fs\nview that \u201emere human nature gave them [refugees] no claims: only the artificial\nhuman world could do that\u201f (Canovan [1974]: 49) helps to further strengthen the\nassertion that \u201chome\u201d \u2013 at least in terms of devising a liberal framework for\nrepatriation \u2013 should be understood as the physical manifestation of a political space\nin which rights may be realised.\n\n\nAt the centre of the meaning and purpose of \u201crepatriation\u201d is therefore the need to\nresolve competing and exclusionary claims of contesting groups to control both\nterritorial _patria_ and the powers of sovereignty invested in notions of community\n_patria_ . This dual idea of _patria_ as both territory and community also raises new\nquestions regarding the nature of expulsion from (and thus readmission to) the _patria_ .\n\n\nRefugeehood has historically been understood to require the crossing of state borders\nin order to enter into international political space and thus renew protection through\nthe international institution of asylum. Physical movement out of the state of origin is\nthus understood as a cipher for the definitive rupture of relations between state and\ncitizen, creating the state of refugeehood through political alienation and physical\nseparation.\n\n\nHowever, given this theorizing of both exodus and repatriation as primarily political\nacts which are then symbolized through physical migration, the question arises as to\nwhether it is necessary for a refugee \u2013 in the sense of political philosophy rather than\ninternational law \u2013 to cross an international border.\n\n\nGroups who have been internally displaced through political action may remain\nnominally within a state\u201fs territory, but their forced flight from normal residence\nnonetheless represents a symbolic failure of state protection and a rupture of any preexisting relationship between the displaced and the state. Again, the key to\nunderstanding this connection between IDP and refugee is not to focus on the exact\nlocation of \u201chome\u201d or territorial _patria_, but instead to recognize flight, or physical\nalienation from the state, as the concrete sign of a failure of political _patria_ or\ncommunity, consequently resulting in a breakdown of access to citizenship rights.\n\n\nThe crossing of international boundaries is of importance because, as Shacknove\nnotes, it provides the international community with one means of reconciling the\nprovision of access to liberal rights (through asylum) with respect for noninterventionist state sovereignty norms (Shacknove [1985]: 277). Yet this is a\nrecognition of constraints on _remedy_ rather than a statement regarding the _cause_ of\nrefugees. For this reason, we should consider IDPs as \u201crefugees\u201d, at least in political\nterms, because both groups suffer displacement as a consequence of having been\nexpelled from the _patria_, and thus for both groups the remedy of repatriation requires\na _political_ rapprochement with the state and its nation and a re-entry into meaningful\ncitizenship.\n\n\nThe process of repatriation is thus best understood as the means by which political\ninstitution and political community are rejoined within the structures of nation-state\norganization. The endorsement of a system of national-territorial \u201cbelonging\u201d in the\nearly twentieth century that marked out _patria_ as both territory _and_ community\ncreated not only the conditions for mass exclusion from citizenship from newly\n\u201cnational\u201d states, but also the basis upon which the idea of \u201crepatriation\u201d could offer\nthe remaking of the bond between citizen and state and readmittance to the nation.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This remains one of the norms underlying contemporary refugee repatriation. While\nthe major part of the international community\u201fs repatriation efforts have been focused\nupon the physical act of return to \u201chome\u201d or _patria-as-territory_, it is return to _patria-_\n_as-community_ that presents the greater political challenge, because it is this form of\n\u201crepatriation\u201d which \u2013 in a global political community of national-states \u2013 requires\nreadmission to the political nation.\n\n\n**Repatriation as the restoration of citizenship**\n\n\nTo understand the political foundations of refugee repatriation and why it should be\nimagined as a return to citizenship, we can begin by considering the political\nfoundations of refugeehood itself. According to the terms of the 1951 Convention on\nthe Status of Refugees, a refugee is an individual who:\n\n\nOwing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons\nof race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular\nsocial group or political opinion, is outside the country of his\nnationality and is unable, or owing to such fear, is unwilling\nto avail himself of the protection of that country [4]\n\n\nRecent interpretations of the definition have tended to focus on debates surrounding\nthe notion of \u201cpersecution\u201d as the requisite standard for determining refugee status\n(UNHCR [1992 (2nd edition]: paragraph 39; Colville [1995]). Yet arguably the more\nimportant concept, at least in terms of political philosophy, is that of \u201cprotection\u201d.\nThis formula places at the centre of refugeehood the relationship between individual\nand state, implying that the relationship between a refugee and the country of his\nnationality is, under normal circumstances, governed by the obligations of\n\u201cprotection\u201d, under the broad terms of some form of social contract or political trust.\n\n\nThis observation follows Shacknove\u201fs work in suggesting that it is a lack of\nprotection, rather than the existence of persecution, that is the primary determining\ncharacteristic of the refugee: \u201epersecution is but one manifestation of a broader\nphenomenon: the absence of state protection of the citizen\u201fs basic needs\u201f (Shacknove\n\n[1985]: 277-278). But the liberal political protection of what? Most immediately,\nstates must protect the most basic and fundamental of human rights, the right to life.\n\n\nYet an authoritarian regime may perfectly adequately protect its subjects\u201f lives\nwithout necessarily providing any form of liberal freedom or autonomy. A liberal\nunderstanding of refugeehood \u2013 and by extension repatriation \u2013 requires a \u201cthicker\u201d\nunderstanding of protection. Given that the Convention definition encompasses\npolitical, cultural and social identities as potential causes of persecution, the meaning\nof \u201cprotection\u201d can in fact be taken as more broadly liberal in foundation.\n\n\nThis helps us to connect the loss of citizenship with refugeehood. Liberal citizenship,\nunderstood as an active political membership, articulates the concept of responsible\npopular sovereignty and such it ensures protection against the arbitrary deprivation of\npolitical rights. Citizenship and protection should not be seen simply as\ninterchangeable terms: but liberal citizenship is a _specific_ model of state-based\n\n\n4 _Draft Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees,_ UN G.A. Res. 429(V), 5th Session, UN Doc.\nA/Res/429(v) (1950): 1(A)ii.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection.\n\n\nUnderstanding refugeehood as the deprivation of political rights through exclusion\nfrom membership has important implications for theorizing repatriation. By\nconcentrating attention on the question of access to full and participatory membership\nof the political community, this approach makes clear that refugeehood is inherently a\npolitical crisis, involving refugees\u201f exclusion from the core of state-sovereignty\nthrough group-based monopolisation of membership rights.\n\nThis in turn means that repatriation must be concerned with the readmission of\nrefugees to participatory politics and their inclusion within a state\u201fs political\ncommunity. Citizenship, rather than \u201chome\u201d, must therefore be the primary focus of\nrepatriation efforts. The refugee, or refugee-group, can be understood as the person or\npeoples outside the protection of the nation-states system of rights protection which\nevolved in the early twentieth century. Therefore the \u201csolution\u201d to the political crisis\nof the refugee must involve the successful restoration of protection, or citizenship: in\neffect, the remaking of a ruptured political community.\n\n\n**Repatriation and the social contract**\n\n\nOne means of analysing this political process of citizenship-remaking and connecting\nit to the physical processes of displacement and return is to use the social contract\ntradition. The social contract has long been an important theoretical tool for liberal\npolitical theorists seeking to explain and justify the origin and nature of the\nrelationship between the individual, society and government, centred upon the notion\nof consent.\n\n\nIt posits that the powers of states are justified if thought of as the product of an\nagreement \u2013 the contract \u2013 between the individuals within a territory to create one\nbody politic. This resulting pooling of personal sovereignty secures protection from\nthe brutalities of the state of nature through the creation of a sovereign state, given\nauthority to rule over its individual citizens in the pursuit of previously agreed\ncommon interests. [5]\n\n\nThe reasoning behind the social contract connects liberal understandings of the\nfundamental and universal dignity of mankind to the institutions and distribution of\npower within political societies: \u201ebecause each person is naturally free, equal and\nindependent, no one can become politically subjected to another without his consent\u201f\n(Boucher and Kelly [1994]: 5). It also offers a means of explaining, historically or\nhypothetically, the fragmentation of this universal mankind into nations or societies\n\n\n5 Social contract theory has a long history within Western political thought. Its development can be\ntraced through nearly all of the major works influencing the development of modern liberal political\nphilosophy, from Hobbes\u201f _Leviathan,_ through Locke\u201fs _Two Treatises of Government_ and Rousseau\u201fs\n_The Social Contract_ towards more modern accounts such as Rawls\u201f _A Theory of Justice_ (Hobbes\n\n[1996], Locke [1988], Rousseau [2002]; Rawls [1999 (2nd Edn.]. A useful summary of this historical\nevolution is contained in Kymlicka\u201fs \u201eThe Social Contract Tradition\u201f (Kymlicka [1993]). It must also\nbe recognized that there have been an equal number who have criticised social contract theory and who\nhave stressed the limits of its usefulness in political philosophy (including Hume, Bentham and more\nrecently Sandel (Hume [1985], Bentham [1988], Sandel [1998 (2nd Edition]). However, in considering\nrefugee repatriation it remains a useful device through which to understand a process of return as one\ninvolving consensual re-entry into citizenship and which is therefore compatible with liberal norms.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "whose members\u201f primary moral duties are to fellow citizens over and above the\nclaims of humanity in general. It is these citizens with whom members have made an\nexplicit and consensual contract. The social contract, then, provides a legitimating\nframework upon which the normative content of a liberal society may rest. It remains\nan extraordinarily seductive and persuasive tale through which to claim liberal\npolitical legitimacy. [6]\n\n\nThis remaking of citizenship has already been identified as the purpose of refugee\nrepatriation: using the social contract device not only suggests _how_ this can be\nimagined, but also _why_ this is particularly valuable if our aim is to secure a liberal\nreading of repatriation. This is because studying the social contract returns us to the\nidea of refugee repatriation as the making of a contract between refugees and state, in\nwhich refugees\u201f consent is marked through the act of return.\n\n\nMuch of the criticism directed towards social contract theory has centred on the\nproblematic notion of consent and how this can be genuinely claimed to be observed\nin the case of non-hypothetical state-building (see Boucher and Kelly [1994]).\nLocke\u201fs answer to this objection was to attempt to demonstrate the continual renewal\nof the social contract through the notion of \u201ctacit\u201d content (Locke [1988]: II.119.922).\n\n\nConsent of an individual or community to the content of the social contract within the\nstate is presumed through the continual absence of any action explicitly rejecting this\npolitical arrangement, while consent is perpetually renewed through continued\nparticipation within and enjoyment of such a socio-political covenant. In theorizing\nrepatriation, this question of perpetual consent is not of immediate concern to us: in\nconceptual terms at least, refugee return is a single, decisive action.\n\n\nYet Locke\u201fs exploration of tacit consent is helpful in connecting questions of physical\nmovement to the political ties of the social contract. This is because in attempting to\nestablish continued residence in a territory as grounds for presuming consent, Locke\nexplicitly appealed to the supposed right of emigration as a means of withdrawing\nconsent. An individual could withdraw from the obligations of the social contract by\nwithdrawing from state territory:\n\n\nThe obligation\u2026begins and ends with the Enjoyment; so\nthat whenever the Owner, who has given nothing but such a\ntacit Consent to the Government, will, by Donation, sale or\notherwise quit the said possession, he is at liberty to go and\nincorporate himself into any other Commonwealth (Locke\n\n[1988]: II. 121.4-9).\n\n\nMany scholars have rightly criticized this explanation as dependent on too extreme an\naction to reasonably form a basis upon which the tacit consent of an individual to a\nsocial contract may be judged (Kymlicka [1993]). However, the refugee, by\ndefinition, has already taken this extreme measure, in order to escape the\nconsequences of the state\u201fs failure to protect through either its incapacity or its active\n\n\n6 .e.g. Healey, J. and Lewis, I., \u201eOnly a new social contract will get Labour back on track\u201f. _The_\n_Independent_, 26 March 2009: http://tinyurl.com/lbhob (last checked 16 June 2009); Pear, R., \u201eJustices\u201f\nRuling in Discrimination Case May Draw Quick Action by Obama\u201f. _The New York Times_, 5 January\n2009: http://tinyurl.com/nust93 (last checked 16 June 2009).\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "hostility. The flight in itself may not be voluntary or consensual: in some extreme\ncases, refugee groups may be forcibly transported over the state\u201fs border by the state\nitself. Yet what both flight and deportation signal is the end of all pre-existing\npolitical arrangements which are no longer capable of offering viable protection to\nrefugee-citizens.\n\n\nThus it _is_ possible to recognize a historical moment at which either the refugeecommunity\u201fs or the state\u201fs (or both group\u201fs) presumed consent to the existing\nstructures of political society was explicitly withdrawn and the social contract broken.\nExtending this logic to repatriation, it would seem that repatriation can be seen as the\nuse of the physical act of return to _signify_ explicit consent to a new contract of rights\nand duties preserving the liberal freedoms and duties of state, nation and refugeecitizens.\n\n\nHowever, given that in the case of refugee repatriation, both society and state are\nobviously in existence prior to the moment of contract remaking, it could be argued\nthat the social contract can not justifiably be used to model refugees\u201f political\nrepatriation. This critique, however, fails to recognize that in the Lockean model of\nthe social contract there are two stages.\n\n\nThe Lockean model of a social contract sees a first agreement being reached between\nindividuals to form a society, and a second agreement then concluded through the use\nof majority-decision making through which the content of government and the form\nof the state is determined. It is the content of this second stage upon which Rawls\u201f\nown _Theory of Justice_ was focused (Rawls [1999 (2nd Edn.]). In theorising\nrepatriation we are also concerned with the second contract between state and society,\nfocusing upon the relationship between political community and the state as the set of\ninstitutions holding political power in trust for \u201cthe People\u201d.\n\n\nCrucially, Locke\u201fs interest was in forming an account of political relations within the\nstate that allowed for the right of disobedience should the institutions of state break\nthe agreed contract. In this trust, power is not contracted away to the state, but merely\nexercised by it in the interest of achieving defined ends: \u201ethere remains still in the\nPeople a Supream Power to remove or alter the Legislative\u2026the Community\nperpetually retains a Supream Power of saving themselves from the attempts and\ndesigns of any Body\u201f (Locke [1988]:II.150.7-14).\n\n\nIn this account, it is clear that community and state are to be considered as separate\nentities, with the political society of citizen-members holding the authority of popular\nsovereignty over the exercise by the state of these delegated powers. Should the state\nabdicate from the terms of this trust, committing grossly negligent acts against its\npolitical community, society may \u201eappeal to heaven\u201f and hold the state to account, in\nthe final case through violent rebellion (Harrison [2003]: 212).\n\n\nThe basic premise of these assertions is relevant when considering the cases of\ncontemporary refugee flows. As noted, refugee creation is in itself evidence of gross\nstate failure to protect: a basic breach of the trust between state and society. In such a\ncase, sovereignty reverts to \u201cthe People\u201d, who hold the right to reform the state and\nremake a social contract (in the case of refugees through repatriation).\n\n\nThis again returns us to the importance of community and collective identity in\nunderstanding the politics of repatriation. Refugee exoduses are often not necessarily\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "reflective of social fragmentation so much as of rupture between state and societies.\nRefugee populations often form cohesive political communities. [7] This suggests that\nsuch refugee communities, in fleeing from the consequences of a ruptured social\ncontract with a hostile state, have both a right and a political capacity to require state\nreform before repatriating.\n\n\nTheorising repatriation as a process of social-contract remaking has several\nimplications. It demonstrates that physical return to _patria-as-territory_ is only\nsymbolic of a more important political restoration to _patria-as-community._ It makes\nclear the distinction between the idea of nation and the idea of state and thus\nredistributes the locus of sovereign power away from state towards society.\n\n\nIn doing so, it places a renewed emphasis on the collective political identities of the\ndisplaced, because both the rights and power to shape political structures lie in the\ngroup-based identities of community rather than the individual rights of atomised\ncitizenship. By reinforcing the collective independence of the refugee-citizenry from\nthe state, the potential for repatriation to act as a genuinely reformative political\nprocess becomes clear, as the content of citizenship itself can be remade.\n\n\nThis in turn provides a political \u2013 as well as a humanitarian \u2013 foundation for insisting\non voluntariness as an essential quality in refugee repatriation. Voluntariness is\nclearly required if repatriation is to be understood as a political choice and a\nrestoration of liberal freedoms. It is the _voluntariness_ of repatriation which renders the\nprocess compatible with liberal political norms: because the refugees\u201f re-entry into the\n_patria-as-community_ is achieved only through the refugees\u201f free and autonomous\nconsent, national citizenship may offer the protection of _liberal_ freedoms.\n\n\nFurthermore, a liberal conception of citizenship may envisage not only state\nprotection of freedoms but also require active participation from the citizen as a\nmeans of both exercising and reinforcing reciprocal rights and duties within a political\ncommunity in order that the freedoms secured become and remain meaningful (i.e.\nthrough voting, payment of taxes etc.\n\n\nThe need for the entry into such a relationship to be voluntary on the part of a citizen\nis self-evident. A returned refugee forced into a relationship with state institutions\nwhose power he has previously actively resisted through flight cannot be understood\nto have fully restored citizen-state or nation-state bonds, even if in legal-political\nterms citizenship has indeed been returned by the state.\n\n\nThis observation places a renewed emphasis on why repatriation must be voluntary if\nit is to be durable: repatriation as the restoration of citizenship requires the remaking\nof the state-nation political trust, and this cannot occur if the apparent consent given to\nthe remaking of the social contract is in fact coerced rather than given freely by an\nautonomous individual. [8]\n\n\n7 Post-cold war examples include among others Kurdish, Guatemalan, Rwandan, Burundian, Kosovan\nand Southern Sudanese refugee flows. It is important to note however, that the cohesion of refugees\u201f\npolitical communities may often not necessarily correspond to the contours of \u201cofficial\u201d political\ncommunities within the state. I have explored these questions regarding the group dynamics of\nrepatriation in more detail elsewhere (Long [2009b, 2010, forthcoming ].\n8 For further discussion of the meaning of voluntariness, safety and dignity in return see Long [2009b].\nSee also Olsaretti\u201fs recent work (Olsaretti [2004, 2008]) and Bradley (Bradley [June 2007]).\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Liberal ethics and political interests**\n\n\nA liberal repatriation involves a return to membership of _patria-as-community,_ and\nthrough this the restoration of the rights of citizenship. To describe repatriation in\nthese political terms is not incompatible with the practice of mass physical return.\nHowever it does demand the fulfilment of two criteria.\n\n\nFirstly, as discussed above, the act of repatriation must be voluntary, signalling free\nconsent to political reconciliation with the state. Secondly, in order for the possibility\nof meaningful citizenship for refugees to exist in their nation-state of origin, where\nany previously existing social contract was by definition ruptured by flight, there must\nbe a \u201efundamental change of circumstances\u201f to create the political space in which such\na rapprochement can occur (UNHCR [1999]: para.25).\n\n\nHistorically, repatriation has been successful only when the political space has opened\nup in which the legitimacy of existing structures of state sovereignty and power can\nbe questioned, making possible the fulfilment of these two criteria. The \u201cliberation\u201d\nrepatriations that occurred during African decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, for\nexample (from Algerian return in 1962 through to Zimbabwean return in 1979-80)\nprovided some opportunity to demonstrate the political power of collective national\nreclamation through repatriation.\n\n\nHowever, these successful repatriations were only possible because as a result of the\ncolonial system\u201fs loss of legitimacy, there was space within the international system\nfor such states to be refounded on the basis of popular sovereignty, expressed through\nmass return. Geo-political shifts at the end of the Cold War also explain the relative\nsuccess of the CIREFCA Central American refugee returns of the late 1980s and\n1990s (including the Salvadorean and Guatemalan refugee returns): these occurred as\nthe international community ended its proxy wars in the area, ending its tolerance of\nthe region\u201fs internally-repressive regimes. In both these cases, the international\ncommunity\u201fs acceptance of refugees\u201f rights to contest the existing forms of state\nsovereignty in these regions opened up the possibility for meaningful transformative\nrepatriations to occur.\n\n\nHowever in the post-Cold War period it has proved considerably more problematic\nfor Western states to reconcile the pursuit of repatriation as an active policy with\npublicly-avowed liberal principles. Much has been written about the late twentieth\ncentury \u201crenationalization\u201d of Western liberal states (e.g. Kraus [2003]; Gibney\n\n[2004]), which has resulted in a significant shrinkage of asylum and resettlement\nspace, both in the West and increasingly in the global South too.\n\n\nThis has created a new urgency that has undercut the meaning of \u201cvoluntariness\u201d: by\ninternational consensus, repatriation now _has_ to provide _the_ durable solution to mass\nrefugee exodus, with other practices being designed to provide protection \u201epending\nvoluntary repatriation\u201f (Crisp [2002]: 26). The resulting forms of return have\nfrequently offered neither durable residency nor meaningful rights because they have\nnot been motivated by the promise of the transformation of the political spaces of\nrefugees\u201f origin, but instead by the need to securitize the spaces of refugees\u201f exile\n(e.g. Barnett [2000] on Rohingyan return to Burma; International Refugee Rights\nInitative [2009] on Burundian return from Tanzania).\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In recent decades the international community\u201fs understanding of state sovereignty\nhas also changed. This good is now understood, at least in liberal political terms, as\none conditional upon the provision of adequate protection of the citizen and\nresponsible exercise of power. [9] This has opened up political space for the practice of\n\u201chumanitarian\u201d intervention, as well as Western led state-building practices focusing\non capacity-building and post-conflict reconstruction. These operations have\nfrequently involved major repatriation and reintegration programmes for refugees,\nperhaps most notably in Afghanistan.\n\n\nYet despite practices of international state-building endorsing the logic of state\ntransformation, the connection of repatriation to post-conflict reconstruction is\nproblematic for two reasons. Firstly, the international character of such programmes\nundercuts local and popular sovereignty (e.g. Bickerton [2007], Chandler [2006]).\nWhile the \u201cvoluntariness\u201d of repatriation in this case may not be directly threatened,\nthe _autonomy_ that voluntariness is intended to protect is compromised, undermining\nthe potential for repatriation to offer the genuine possibility of a re-made social\ncontract.\n\n\nSecondly, incorporating repatriation into peace-building processes throws open new\nquestions about the capacity of a state emerging from conflict to support a full and\nmeaningful repatriation, even if the interest of the state in doing so is not in doubt\n(Milner [2009]: 26). Most recent mass repatriation operations \u2013 to Afghanistan, to\nSouth Sudan, to Liberia and Sierra Leone, to Burundi \u2013 have involved return to fragile\npost-conflict states and communities emerging from serious intra-state conflict with\nweak public institutions and civil society and damaged socio-economic capacities.\n\n\nRecent conclusions from UNHCR\u201fs ExCom \u2013 including one passed at an\nextraordinary meeting held in December 2009 on Protracted Refugee Situations \u2013\nexplicitly state that \u201evoluntary repatriation should not necessarily be conditioned on\nthe accomplishment of political solutions in the country of origin\u201f _._ [10]\n\n\nYet a liberal understanding of voluntary repatriation as outlined in this paper _must_\ninvolve a political solution allowing refugees\u201f re-entry into meaningful citizenship.\nAlthough this political solution need not necessarily be associated exactly with the\nmoment of return \u2013 it is now generally recognized that physical return must be\naccompanied by longer processes of reintegration and reconciliation to ensure the\nsustainability of repatriation \u2013 a political solution is nonetheless essential.\n\n\nThe difficulties caused by connecting repatriation to reconstruction without securing\nsufficient political space for reconstruction is perhaps most evident in the case of\nAfghan repatriation. As early as December 2002, it was being reported that \u201emany of\nthose who had returned [to Afghanistan] were finding it difficult or impossible to\nsurvive in their home areas\u201f, a direct consequence of the scale and speed on initial\n\n\n9 _An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping._ Report of the\nSecretary-General pursuant to the statement adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on\n31 January 1992. 17 June 1992, UN Doc. A/47/277; see also ([International Commission on\nIntervention and State Sovereignty, 2001]).\n10 _Report of the Extraordinary Meeting of 8 December 2009 of the sixty-first session of the Executive_\n_Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees_, UN Doc.\nA/AC.96/1080 (2009). Conclusion on Protracted Refugee Situations: Para. E.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Afghan return to \u201ea country still devastated by war and drought and with virtually no\nfunctioning state apparatus\u201f (Turton and Marsden [2002]).\n\n\nContemporary practices of refugee return therefore present a number of serious\nchallenges to liberal understandings of repatriation. \u201cVoluntariness\u201d has been\nfrequently undermined, as too has \u201cautonomy\u201d within processes of social-contract\nremaking. The political interests of powerful states continue to insist on the use of\nrepatriation as a solution to refugee _flight_ rather than a remedy with which to reverse\nrefugees\u201f exclusion from fragile and violent nation-state compacts.\n\n\nIn practical terms, this means that physical refugee returns to emerging post-conflict\nsocieties are frequently unsustainable, because even if there is willingness to remake a\nnew social contract (a new _patria-as-community_ ) there is little capacity to provide\naccess to the physical resources and rights associated with meaningful citizenship,\nsuch as physical security or access to sustainable livelihoods. This can be understood,\nconceptually, as a lack of viable _patria-as-territory_ . Afghanistan, Iraq, Sierra Leone,\nLiberia, Southern Sudan and Burundi can all be conceptualized (to varying degrees) in\nthese terms.\n\n\nThe practice of repatriation as a liberal remedy to political rupture made visible\nthrough displacement is therefore under severe stress. Yet if we turn back to our\nanalysis of the liberal meaning of repatriation, at least some of these challenges \u2013 the\nneed to protect autonomy, the condition of \u201cvoluntariness\u201d, the difficulties of\nsustainable physical return to fragile state territories \u2013 may be met not by rejecting the\npremise of repatriation, but instead by moving from a theory of repatriation- _in_ -return\nto one in which repatriation occurs _without_ physical return.\n\n\n**Repatriation without return**\n\n\nIn the first two parts of this paper, it was shown that repatriation is as a political act,\ninvolving the remaking of citizenship and consequent re-accessing of rights through\nreavailment of national protection in the country of action. This understanding reflects\nthe reality of contemporary refugeehood as a political condition resulting from\nrefugees\u201f exclusion from a rights-distributing nation-state and expressed through\nphysical displacement.\n\n\nThe remedy to such displacement and political rupture may therefore often involve a\nsimilarly symbolic physical return. Yet especially in fragile post-conflict states with\ninadequate capacity to meet their citizens\u201f basic social and economic needs, physical\nreturn may actually harm reconstruction efforts by exacerbating state fragility, even as\nrefugees\u201f political repatriation is a necessary condition for post-conflict recovery and\nsuccessful state-strengthening. One solution in some such cases may be to recognize\nthat the political content of repatriation can be secured without requiring refugees\u201f\nphysical return.\n\n\nThis approach to repatriation requires a conceptual distinction to be made between\nthose rights attached to citizenship \u2013 membership or \u201cbelonging\u201d to a national\ncommunity \u2013 and those rights attached to residency, which could be described as the\nbuilding of \u201chome\u201d on a particular territory. Clearly, citizenship is an essential good\nin contemporary international organization, providing for an individual\u201fs access to\nessential human rights that can only be protected and distributed by \u201ctheir\u201d state.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Yet securing political citizenship, particularly in fragile states emerging from conflict,\ndoes not necessarily secure access to a viable economic livelihood within the state\u201fs\nterritory. In such circumstances, forms of political \u201crepatriation\u201d could be combined\nwith socio-economic migration or continued permanent alien residency. This may in\nfact provide refugees with greater access to liberal freedoms than full, physical\n\u201crepatriation\u201d, not least by respecting more fully refugees\u201f autonomy as expressed\nthrough their own mobility.\n\n\nThese reflections are also in part a response to an increasing awareness among\nresearchers and policy-makers that, given the prevalence of long-term exile and PRS,\nthe ideal of a return \u201chome\u201d to a _status quo ante_ is impossible to achieve in practice,\nand in many cases ignores refugees\u201f socio-economic and cultural achievements whilst\nin exile. In recognition of these complexities, UNHCR has recently begun to promote\nthe idea that continued migration may form part of refugees\u201f durable solution\nframework:\n\n\nUNHCR has traditionally operated on the assumption that\nthere are three solutions to refugee situations... all of which\nare based on the notion that refugees should become fullyfledged citizens of the country in which they reside. UNHCR\nnow recognises the advantages to be gained from enabling\nrefugees to acquire the status of legal migrants in their\ncountry of asylum, thereby enabling them to remain there and\nto retain a place in the labour market, even if the causes of\nflight have disappeared in their homeland (Crisp [2008]: 6;\nsee also Long [2009c]).\n\n\nThere have been expressions of concern that a renewed focus on migratory or mobile\nsolutions is likely to occur at the expense of \u2013 rather than enhancing \u2013 refugee\nprotection (UNHCR sources; see also Lindley [2007]; Van Hear [2003]). However, if\nthe distinction between the process of voluntary repatriation and physical return is\nunderstood, it can be seen that in offering refugees\u201f greater access to regularized\nchannels of mobility, the liberal value of repatriation is in fact _enhanced_, because\nsplitting socio-economic causes of movement from political causes of flight provided\nrefugees with greater autonomy in determining their _own_ comprehensive durable\nsolutions.\n\n\nMany refugees have considerable interest in retaining ties with their countries of\norigin, but no imminent intention of converting citizenship repatriation into physical\nreturn (e.g. Adepoju, A. Boulton, A., and Levin, M. [2007]; Lindley [2009]). Social\nand economic networks, particularly after long-term exile, may be primarily rooted in\ntheir host country, reflecting how refugees\u201f ambitions, interests and motivations may\nshift over time, creating patterns not only of mixed motivations for movement, but\nalso patterns of _changing_ motivations from continued residency (as opposed to exile)\noutside the state of origin (Van Hear [2003]).\n\n\nIn such cases, ongoing labour migration may offer an important space for refugees\nwithin which to decide which durable solution to pursue. When this is combined with\nretention or regaining of formal citizenship in the state of origin, transnational\ndiasporic citizenship becomes a potentially durable solution in its own right. This\napproach to repatriation also better reflects the common reality of refugees\u201f own _de_\n_facto_ solutions, that are likely to embrace mobility and transnational movement as\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "important strategies of resilience, as Bakewell\u201fs work on the Zambian/Angolan\nborders has shown (Bakewell [2000]).\n\n\nRe-conceptualizing repatriation as one political dimension of solution rather than\ndemanding that it represent \u201ctotal\u201d solution to all facets of refugee flight. It is also\nimportant because it reflects the multi-layered complexity of the relations between\nhuman identity, residence, culture, community and citizenship that cannot possibly be\ncontained within a single image of a static \u201cnation-state\u201d. Separating \u201crepatriation\u201d\nfrom \u201creturn\u201d may therefore offer a better means of preserving refugees\u201f liberal\nfreedoms through durable solutions than classic interpretations that merge these two\ndistinct ideas.\n\n\n**From theory to policy and practice**\n\n\nAlongside the development of this theoretical framework, current practices may also\nbe beginning to reflect an understanding of repatriation more closely aligned to the\nregaining of citizenship rather than physical return. In particular, UNHCR operations\nin Afghanistan and the ECOWAS region have recently sought to combine elements of\n\u201crepatriation\u201d with continued refugee mobility as migrants.\n\n\nAfter the American-led invasion of Afghanistan resulted in the removal of the Taliban\nfrom power and the establishment of a transitional government, there was cautious\noptimism among the international community that the end of the conflict would allow\nthe mass repatriation of those displaced since 1977. Since then, around five million\nrefugees have returned, over four million under UNHCR negotiated tripartite\nagreements with Iran and Pakistan. However, there remain around three million\nAfghan registered refugees, 2.14 million residing in Pakistan and 910 000 in Iran\n(Tennant [2008]: 3). These figures partly reflect the growing insecurity within\nAfghanistan after 2005.\n\n\nIt is clear that if political \u201crepatriation\u201d is to occur within Afghanistan, it will need to\nalso involve international support for transnational socio-economic strategies. As\nMonsutti has made clear, historical patterns of labour migration to Iran and Pakistan\npoint to the existence of economic networks and migratory livelihood strategies that\nspan across the region and pre-date the past three decades of conflict (Monsutti [2006\n, 2008]).\n\n\nRecognizing these challenges, in 2003 UNHCR moved to adopt a Comprehensive\nSolutions Framework that recognized the effects of long-term exile on the decisionmaking processes followed by Afghan refugees. This urged that the post-2005\nsituation be addressed as a \u201emigration and development challenge\u201f, attempting to\npersuade both Afghan and Pakistani governments to incorporate regularized labour\nmigration channels for Afghan refugees into their plans for the population\u201fs eventual\nreturn to Afghanistan (UNHCR [2003]: 3).\n\n\nThis sought to reflect the reality that families\u201f physical repatriations were likely to be\nfollowed by seasonal out-migration of at least some family members, as well as the\nrealization that many long-term refugees were unlikely to move physically to\nAfghanistan even as they contributed financially to the state\u201fs reconstruction through\ncontinued remittances.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A recent assessment of the Framework\u201fs impact is gloomy (Tennant [2008]), but it\nlargely attributes the failure of an integrated approach to the resonance of\nsecuritization discourses in the region and continued and growing state fragility in\nAfghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, rather than to any fundamental misconception of the\nneed for mobility to be incorporated into understandings of return.\n\n\nThe ECOWAS approach to repatriation-as-citizenship offers a more optimistic\nassessment. In both Nigeria and the Gambia, residual populations of Liberian and\nSierra Leonean refugees who do not intend to repatriate physically, but who also do\nnot wish to naturalize in their countries of residence have been able to take advantage\nof Freedom of Movement protocols within ECOWAS to gain permanent residency\nalongside consular protection from their state of origin (Adepoju, A. Boulton, A., and\nLevin, M. [2007]).\n\n\nIn the past two years, the UNHCR has put considerable effort into exploiting the\npossible benefits of an ECOWAS-based solution to these residual case-loads. In\nparticular, in June 2007, a quadripartite agreement was signed for the integration of\nLiberian and Sierra Leonean refugees in Nigeria. [11]\n\n\nUnder the terms of this agreement, the Liberian and Sierra Leonean governments\nissue passports to those refugees still residing in Nigeria, who are then issued with a\nthree-year renewable ECOWAS residence permit by the Nigerian state. The UNHCR\nmeets the costs. In taking up this offer, participating refugees must explicitly agree\nthat they are voluntarily reavailing themselves of the protection of their country of\norigin, and thus ceasing to hold refugee status (Multipartite Agreement [2007]).\n\n\nThis form of durable solution again works by deliberately splitting citizenship \u2013\nformal political membership and its associated protection rights \u2013 from residency,\nwhich is understood as economic and social integration and the associated protection\nthese activities provide. Although there has been relatively little research completed\non the effectiveness of such an innovative approach, the initial signs are that despite\nsome logistical issues, the scheme has excellent potential to offer an effective and\ndurable solution for these refugee populations.\n\n\nIn April 2009, the first batch of 349 passports was issued to Liberians who had chosen\nto integrate in Nigeria and in June the first batch of passports were issued to Sierra\nLeoneans (Awareness Times [2009]; Liberian Refugee Commission [2009]).\nUNHCR\u201fs 2010 Regional Operations profile for the Gambia reports that in\ncollaboration with UNHCR, the Government of Sierra Leone has now offered some\n5,600 passports to former refugees wishing to integrate locally in their host countries\n(UNHCR [2009b]).\n\n\n**Mobility, repatriation and state obstruction**\n\n\nRepatriation must be understood as a political process. It is not a mere return \u201chome\u201d.\nGiven the dominant liberal political paradigm of today\u201fs international community, this\nmeans that repatriation needs to be represented as a return to citizenship, as a means\nof accessing the rights distributed by nation-states. This requires the re-making of the\n\n\n11 Statistics show a cumulative total of around 120,000 Liberians and Sierra Leoneans who are still\npersons of concern to UNHCR (http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/dataQuery/reportData.asp?rptType=1).\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "social contract between society and state.\n\n\nRefugees\u201f physical return is but one possible signifier of their free consent to this\npolitical reconciliation. The _voluntariness_ of repatriation is therefore essential,\nbecause the validity of this new political compact between citizen, nation and state\nturns upon the giving of autonomous consent by all parties, in order to secure a reentry into an agreed form of liberal citizenship.\n\n\nThis framework for repatriation does bring up new theoretical complexities: how do\ngroup and individual rights relate to each other within the processes of repatriation\nand reconciliation? How is the repatriated refugee-community to relate not only to the\nstate, but to other communities (including previously hostile ones) still equally located\nwithin the state? How should the international community approach repatriation to\nnon-liberal communities and states? I have discussed these problems more fully\nelsewhere (Long [2010, forthcoming]).\n\n\nHowever, instead of focusing on these theoretical complexities, this article focuses on\none of the possibilities presented by developing a liberal theory in which refugee\nrepatriation is recognised to be more than just return. Grounding repatriation in\ncitizenship may provide a means by which practices of repatriation can be connected\nto greater understandings and respect of refugees\u201f right to continued mobility. This\nmobility may play an important role in providing sustainable solutions not only to\npolitical exile, but also to forced migrants\u201f socio-economic and cultural needs.\n\n\nThe greatest obstacle to the development of such a theory is most likely to be\ncontinued state insistence that \u201csolving\u201d refugee problems is a question of\ndemographic management rather than a requirement for the slow fostering of liberal\nprinciples and the strengthening of states\u201f capacities to provide meaningful access to\nrights.\n\n\nIn practice, state policies on repatriation continue to illustrate the extent of the gap\nbetween the rhetoric of liberalism and the practices of nationalism that surround\nreturn. State pronouncements repeatedly make clear \u2013 in Europe, Africa and Asia \u2013\nthat there is little political interest in moving beyond policies that claim to \u201csolve\u201d\nrefugee crises by physically returning refugees \u201chome\u201d (see Long [2009b,\nForthcoming 2010]).\n\n\nYet it is equally clear that without a significant shift in not only understandings but\npractices of repatriation, refugee crises will not be resolved and fragile states will\nremain weakened centres of potential future conflict. Incorporating mobility into a\ndurable solutions framework allows repatriation operations to focus on political\nreconnection rather that return. It also means that refugees can continue to be able to\naccess the fullest possible range of sustainable socio-economic livelihood strategies.\n\n\nThis will be crucial if the international community is to respond effectively to twentyfirst century post-conflict displacements that are increasingly often recognized to be a\nconsequence of endemic state fragility (Crisp [2001]; International Crisis Group\n\n[2009]). The progress this paper makes in recognizing the difference between\nvoluntary repatriation and return \u2013 and providing a proper theoretical basis for such a\ndistinction to be made \u2013 thus represents an important first step in building a new\ndurable solutions framework with which to respond to these considerable political\nchallenges.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df0d5ade-eb7c-31cf-b687-88994a39e084/EEC71646DCE36015852576BE007ACFA3-unhcr_dec2009.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_335/raw/doc_335_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_335/raw/doc_335_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ee723a37dea77ea68098260cfad28b10001d61c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_335/raw/doc_335_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,342 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **EAST, HORN OF AFRICA AND GREAT LAKES (EHAGL) REGION** **GENDER EQUALITY, 2024 ANNUAL UPDATE**\n\n**1.0 BACKGROUND**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s efforts to promote Gender Equality are guided by its policy on Age, Gender and Diversity\n(AGD) 2018.For UNHCR, gender equality refers to the equal enjoyment of rights, responsibilities\nand opportunities of all affected people and that the interests, needs and priorities of all are\nrespected, regardless of their gender. UNHCR acknowledges that gender inequalities, which are\ncompounded in contexts of displacement, disproportionately disadvantage women and girls, but\nthat men and boys are also impacted by entrenched gender-based discrimination. This recognition\nforms the basis for UNHCR\u2019s adoption of the five (5) core actions on gender equality within the\nAGD policy, which affirm the entitlement of women and girls to:\n\n\n - **Participate equally and meaningfully** in all decision-making, community management and\nleadership structures, as well as community-based committees.\n\n - Be provided with **individual registration and documentation**, directly or through support\nprovided by UNHCR.\n\n - Have **equal access to and control** over provision and management of food, core-relief\nitems and cash-based interventions.\n\n - Have equal access to **economic opportunities**, decent work and good quality education\nand health services.\n\n - Have access to comprehensive **Gender based Violence (GBV)** prevention and response\nservices.\n\n\nThe AGD policy core action one (1) equally commits that, all data collected by UNHCR will be\ndisaggregated by age and sex and by other diversity considerations, as contextually appropriate\nand possible, for purposes of analysis and programming. The UNHCR 2024 regional dashboard\nindicates that women and girls make up **more than 47 per cent of displaced persons** in the region,\nand in some contexts, such as the armed conflict in Sudan, women and children have represented\nup to a staggering **90 per cent of those displaced** . [1] Forcibly displaced and stateless women and\ngirls face multiple barriers, gender inequalities and intersecting forms of discrimination that are\naggravated in displacement. Women and girls, when empowered, have the potential to be powerful\nagents of change who can transform communities, countries and the entire world. Despite progress\nmade over the past decade in health, education and representation in parliaments, many women\nand girls continue to be held back from realizing their full potential by gender and socio-economic\nbarriers.\n\n\n_1_ _Building a Gender-Equal Africa - UN Women East and Southern Africa Strategic Plan 2022-2025_\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In 2024, the EHAGL Regional Director signed up as an Internatonal Gender Champion -Nairobi\nchapter. He committed to forge **dynamic partnerships with displaced women-led organizations**\nand to advance **girls and young women\u2019s access to education**, particularly at secondary and higher\neducation levels. At the same time, he committed to enhancing **gender parity in the recruitment**\n**and retention of national and professional officer positions** within the Regional Bureau **.**\nAdditionally, he pledged to uphold the organization\u2019s commitment towards zero tolerance to\ngender-based violence, gender bias and sexism.\n\n\nThe Year 2024 also recorded some high investments in capacity building efforts for staff, RLOs\n(Refugee Led Organizations) and other partners in Gender Equality within the EHAGL region. Forty\ngender equality focal points across the region were trained in gender markers and mainstreaming\nGender equality in programming. An additional twenty-four (24) staff under the Prospects 2.0\nprogram were sensitized on gender integration in program specific pillars of intervention in\ncollaboration with regional partners including UNICEF and ILO. In Collaboration with UN Women,\nthe region trained 30 staff and partners under Prospects program in Ethiopia, on gender integration\nin humanitarian action. Six Women led organizations in the region participated in the digital gender\ninclusion bootcamp aimed at addressing access, affordability, safety, and digital skills barriers for\nrefugee women and girls.\n\n\n**2.0 GENDER PARITY ACROSS KEY SERVICES**\n\n\n**2.1 Access to Education**\n\n\nDespite enabling legislation and policy across the EHAGL region, significant challenges in accessing\neducation for refugees persist. While 68 per cent of refugees are enrolled in primary education,\n**only 21 per cent transition to secondary school and a meagre 2 per cent enroll into tertiary**\n**education** [2] .\n\n\nThe Gross Enrollment Rates (GER) [3] between 2021 and 2023 in EHAGL region at primary education\nlevel stood at an average of 72 % for males and 64% for Females, while at secondary level, it was\nreported to be 25% for males and 16% for females. The GER at tertiary level reduced further to\n3% for males and 0.9% for Females. GER would essentially exceed 100% due to the inclusion of\nover-aged and under-aged students because of early or late entrants, and grade repetition as\nreflected in Rwanda and Tanzania in the table below.\n\n\n_2 Education Newsletter - UNHCR EHAGL Q3 & Q4 2024_\n\n_3 This indicator measures the number of students enrolled in specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a_\n_percentage of the official population age range corresponding to the respective same level of education._\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Newsletter", - "confidence": 0.9634996056556702, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR EHAGL", - "confidence": 0.8367387652397156, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda and Tanzania", - "confidence": 0.8265300393104553, - "start": 452, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "students", - "confidence": 0.8876302242279053, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Table 1: Gross Enrolment Rates across different education levels_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Primary level Gross
Enrolment Rate|Col3|Secondary level Gross
Enrolment Rate|Col5|Tertiary level Gross
Enrolment Rate|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Country/Level**|**Male**|**Female**|**Male**|**Female**|**Male**|**Female**|\n|Burundi|73%|73%|61%|56%|1.50%|0.80%|\n|Djibouti|64%|62%|51%|41%|3.30%|1.00%|\n|Ethiopia|58%|44%|21%|7%|3.60%|0.30%|\n|Kenya|95%|78%|70%|47%|9.90%|2.70%|\n|Rwanda|118%|120%|75%|66%|4.00%|3.10%|\n|Somalia|84%|83%|35%|29%|5%|2.30%|\n|South Sudan|60%|54%|22%|13%|1.10%|0.70%|\n|Sudan4|30%|28%|-|-|0.30%|0.30%|\n|Tanzania|141%|136%|46%|36%|0.80%|0.30%|\n|Uganda|100%|91%|13%|7%|0.80%|0.80%|\n|**Regional Average GER**|**72%**|**64%**|**25%**|**16%**|**2.6%**|**1%**|\n\n\nGender Parity Index (GPI) [5] across the different levels of education is <1 with less females enrolling\ncompared to males especially in the secondary and tertiary levels. The EHAGL regional GPI average\nis **0.89 at primary school** level, which reduces to **0.64 at secondary school** level and further\ndeclines to **0.38 at tertiary level** . Burundi and Rwanda operations have the highest GPI at\nsecondary education level while Uganda and Sudan have a GPI of 1.00 at tertiary level.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_4 There were no available statistics for Sudan at the secondary school level_\n_5 The GPI is calculated by dividing the female gross enrolment ratio by the male gross enrolment ratio for_\n_the different levels of education. A value of 1 indicates that the country has achieved gender parity in access to education. A closer_\n_value to 1 indicates that the country is closer to gender parity._\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gross Enrolment Rates", - "confidence": 0.7645207047462463, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Parity Index", - "confidence": 0.6703023910522461, - "start": 420, - "end": 423 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.2. Access to Livelihoods and economic inclusion**\n\n\nOn average,70% of targeted community members that accessed livelihood opportunities and\nother economic inclusion services in 2023 and 2024 were Females. All the reporting country\noperations attained gender parity index of 1 except Djibouti. Uganda operation had the highest\nproportion of females reached, at 71% as indicated in the table below.\n\n|Uganda|478,519|196,947|675,466|71%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Rwanda**|1,091|945|2,036|**54%**|\n|**Somalia**|1,622|1,326|2,948|**55%**|\n|**Djibouti**|275|296|571|**48%**|\n|**Sudan**|42,225|25,785|68,010|**62%**|\n|**Ethiopia**|2,923|1,766|4,689|**62%**|\n|**South Sudan**|8,572|4,775|13,347|**64%**|\n|**Total**|**535,227**|**231,840**|**767,067**|**70%**|\n\n\n\n_Table 2: Number of people reached with livelihoods services, 2023-2024 (Available data)_\n\n\nThe region achieved **Gender Parity Index (GPI) of 1.55**, indicating that more females received\nlivelihood and economic inclusion interventions compared to Males. Initiatives undertaken over\nthe two years include green entrepreneurship, self-employment in sustainable agriculture support,\nand wage employment facilitation.\n\n\n**Gender Parity Index-Access to livelihood and economic inclusion services**\n\n\n3.00\n\n\n\n2.50\n\n\n2.00\n\n\n1.50\n\n\n1.00\n\n\n0.50\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Uganda|Rwanda|Somalia|Djibouti|Sudan|Ethiopia|SoSuttahn dSuardda nG|PRI=e1g.i0o0nal GPI|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|GPI|2.43|1.15|1.22|0.93|1.64|1.66|1.80|1.55|\n\n\n6Achieving gender inclusion and encouraging active participation of women in highly conservative\ncommunities poses significant challenges. Societal norms often restrict joint meetings or training\nsessions for men and women. Additionally, some women may be hesitant to engage or fully\nparticipate, particularly when training is facilitated by male trainers. These cultural dynamics\nhighlight the need for strategic, culturally sensitive project planning and implementation to ensure\ninclusivity and meaningful participation\n\n\n6 2025 Mastercard foundation: Sudan response UNHCR grant report\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Number of people reached with livelihoods services", - "confidence": 0.6705100536346436, - "start": 302, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023-2024", - "confidence": 0.9779171943664551, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Parity Index", - "confidence": 0.6301100850105286, - "start": 321, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023-2024", - "confidence": 0.8748815059661865, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.3 Access to Resettlement opportunities**\n\n\nOf the total Resettlement (RST) submissions made in 2024 from the countries of asylum, 52% were\nfemales while 48% were male. Sudan and Somalia operations submitted the highest proportion of\nFemales (60%). Regarding departures on Resettlement,49.4% were females, with the highest\nproportion of females reported by Uganda and Tanzania at 54%.\n\n\nRegional Gender Parity Index on access to resettlement services is **1.08 for submissions and 0.98**\n**for departures** . This indicates that almost equal number of Males and Females access the\nopportunities. On the same note, the gender breakdown for submissions and departures to US and\nNon-US Countries are approximately the same, which could be an indication that the gender parity\nindex will likely not be affected by the discontinuation of the US Resettlement program for 2025.\n\n\n**2.3 Access to Complementary Pathways**\n\n\nThe graphs below reflect the breakdown of departures per country of asylum under\nComplementary Pathways (CPaths) for the year 2023 and 2024. Uganda had most complementary\npathways departures (4,676) of which 64% were females. South Sudan had the highest proportion\nof females, 79% accessing complementary pathways. **Gender Parity Index for Complementary**\n**pathways was 1.38**, indicating a higher number of females who accessed opportunities within the\ntwo years reported. Private sponsorship and family reunification pathways recorded the most\ndepartures, with a percentage of 51% and 60% being females respectively, while education and\nemployment opportunity pathways recorded less than 50% of females.\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Gender Parity Index", - "confidence": 0.5727149248123169, - "start": 80, - "end": 84 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries of asylum", - "confidence": 0.603540301322937, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.921235978603363, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender parity\nindex", - "confidence": 0.9437499046325684, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "P a g e", - "confidence": 0.5739548802375793, - "start": 315, - "end": 319 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7731078267097473, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education and\nemployment opportunity pathways", - "confidence": 0.9919664859771729, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "P a g e", - "confidence": 0.5374225378036499, - "start": 315, - "end": 319 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "females", - "confidence": 0.881156325340271, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.4 Access to Cash Based Interventions (CBI)**\n\n\nA total of 1,204,968 individuals were reached with Cash-Based Assistance in 2023 compared to\n272,433 at mid-year of 2024. Gender Parity Index in 2023 was 1.27 with 56% of those reached\nbeing female. This **increased to a GPI of 1.86** in mid-2024 with a females\u2019 proportion of 65%. **All**\n**country operations attained at least a GPI of 1** except Tanzania operation that had a Gender Parity\nIndex of 0.76.\n\n\nBased on data reported by countries of asylum in 2023 and by mid-year 2024, Kenya had most\nfemales accessing cash assistance (67.68%) followed by Djibouti (63.49) and South Sudan\n(61.95%). These were reported to be higher because of the cash assistance advanced for hygiene\nkits that targets only females.\n\n\n**2.5 Meaningful engagement of women**\n\n\nThe EHAGL region documented 167 self-mapped Women Led Organizations (WLOs) out of which,\n46% (77) are community based while 31% categorized themselves as National NGOs. EHAGL\nregion is collaborating with UN women and Women Led Organizations in establishing a regional\nlevel WLOs engagement platform, whose broad objectives include **amplifying the voices** of women\nand girls, **strengthening capacity** of women to respond to humanitarian crisis including climate\ncrisis and **enhancing collaboration** .\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data reported by countries of asylum", - "confidence": 0.955748975276947, - "start": 117, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.707665741443634, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9865625500679016, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Six WLOs from Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and South Sudan participated in the global digital gender\nequality bootcamp facilitated by Division of International Protection (DIP). The main learning from\nthe bootcamp was understanding the critical nature of identifying and addressing gaps in digital\ngender inclusion. The Bootcamp highlighted how these gaps significantly affect women\u2019s\nparticipation in digital use and how they perpetuate discrimination and exclusion. Understanding\nthese gaps is crucial because they directly impact women\u2019s ability to participate in the digital world,\naccess educational resources, seek employment opportunities, and engage in social networks. If\nleft unaddressed, these gaps can further widen the digital divide and exacerbate existing\n_inequalities._ The Bootcamp culminated in each participant organization pitching their forwardthinking ideas to bridge the digital gender divide.\n\n\n**3.0 REGIONAL STAFFING GENDER TRENDS**\n\n\nThe EHAGL region across all country operations and the RB has higher male staff (Average 65%)\ncompared to Females (Average 35%). There is a higher gap between males and females amongst\nlocal staff compared to international staff. The Gender Parity Index however **increased from 0.48**\n**in 2023 to 0.62 in January 2025**, indicating continued efforts in the region to ensure Gender parity.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.0 SELECTED GENDER EQUALITY PROMISING PRACTICES IN COUNTRY OPERATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Operatoi n|PROMISING PRACTICE|\n|---|---|\n|**South Sudan**|529 women were trained in**English language**, besides other
entrepreneurial skills. This has immensely enabled, especially Sudanese
refugees, to communicate in English and integrate in South Sudan
society. Women are equally increasingly interested in male dominant
trades like plumbing, electrical engineering and computer training
despite the gender norms and biases.
|\n|**Rwanda**
**-Mahama**
**Camp**|**Itetero Day care** -an initatve by Save the Children Internatonal (SCI)
to establish a Day care center for mothers engaged in business
actvites. Mothers**can leave their babies aged above 6months, which**
**enables them to work**without worry. They pay 25,000Rwf (for 25
children). The operaton is managed by refugees and almost entrely
self-sufcient
|\n|**Uganda-Rwamwanja**|Extended**Reproductve Health and Rights initatves** including Sexual
Reproductve Health (SRH) educaton, family planning and maternal
health services, Distributon of hygiene kits, including sanitary products
for women and girls. This has immensely improved access to essental
health services for women and girls.
|\n|**Uganda-Nakivale**|**Safe riders/boda boda riders forum**: Motorcycles are purchased by the
protecton partner and given to riders who pay instalments untl they
own the motorcycles. The initatve is to boost both self and household
livelihood opportunites, in additon to providing emergency transport
support to**female survivors** **of violence and pregnant women to**
**hospitals**to access tmely services. With the forum having only 10% of
female riders, sensitzaton of other females to partcipate is ongoing.
|\n|**Rwanda-Mugombwa**
**camp**|PFR (Prison Fellowship Rwanda), a UNHCR partner, has conducted
digital career counselling for women to improve**gender equality in**
**digital literacy**. In Mugombwa camp, 33 women aged 18-59received
training in digital literacy with a success rate of 88%. The operaton is
currently supportng this group to create an RLO whose mandate will
be to support groups in Mugombwa to**write their CVs, create a blog,**
**and apply for scholarships and online jobs**.
|\n\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5. EVENTS & OPPORTUNITIES TOWARDS ENHANCING GENDER PARITY ACROSS SERVICES**\n\n\n - In 2025, the global community will commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Fourth World\nConference on Women and the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action\n(1995), widely known as **Beijing +30.** This is an opportunity to engage with partners and\nour communities in rallying the commitments made and document the practices for scaling\nup or replication within the region and beyond.\n\n - The EHAGL Regional Director personal commitments and pledges towards Gender equality\nand gender parity as an International Gender champion-Nairobi Chapter will ensure\nprioritization of gender equality conversations, design of targeted projects and enhancing\nmainstreaming amongst partners and within UNHCR\u2019s sustainable programming.\n\n - Engagement with UN Women, partners and Women Led Organizations is an opportunity\nto establish a functional regional Women led organizations platform in which voices of\nwomen and girls could be enhanced and targeted actions formulated within the existing\nrefugee response plans.\n\n - EHAGL region thematic area teams will analyze the Gender Parity Index scores and engage\nwith partners towards improving the index progressively. This will improve quality of Age,\nGender and Diversity disaggregated data and will enable effective decision making and\ndesign of UNHCR programs.\n\n\n_**Contact: For more information about Gender Equality in EHAGL region please contact: Katie Ogwang -SCBPO at**_\n\n_**[Ogwangk@unhcr.org or Lydia Atiema-GE officer at](mailto:Ogwangk@unhcr.org)**_ _**[Atemao@unhcr.org](mailto:Atiemao@unhcr.org)**_\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4d35dd4f-2421-484f-8042-99a3f78064f3/EHAGL%20-%20Annual%20Gender%20Equality%20Update%202024%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_336/raw/doc_336_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_336/raw/doc_336_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ebd2ff652e09e5cb581d20664cf723be28c6920..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_336/raw/doc_336_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **The Impact of Forced Displacement on** **Host Communities**\n\n**A summary of recent research by the World Bank, UNHCR and the Joint Data Center on**\n**Forced Displacement**\n\nSince the onset of the Syrian refugee crisis in 2011 and the peak of the European Union migration crisis in\n2015, the debate over whether forced displacement benefits or harms host communities has intensified in\npolicy, political, and media circles. Recent research conducted by the World Bank, UNHCR and the Joint\nData Center on Forced Displacement provide much needed evidence to inform these discussions. In a review\n59 studies spanning 19 significant forced displacement situations from 1922-2018 \u2013 including Syria, Burundi,\nRwanda, Cuba refugees in Miami, IDPs in Colombia and others \u2013 Verme and Schuettler [(Journal of](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387820301814)\n[Development Economics, 2021) provide the most thorough evidence yet of the impacts of forced](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387820301814)\ndisplacement on host community _employment_ _levels_, _wages_, _prices_ and overall _well-being_ . Tumen [(Joint](https://www.jointdatacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Quarterly-Digest_September-2022_Final-4.pdf)\n[Data Center, 2022) complements this with a timely analysis of the impacts of forced displacement on housing](https://www.jointdatacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Quarterly-Digest_September-2022_Final-4.pdf)\nand urban settlements.\n\nKey findings:\n\n\u27a2 On average, host households are most likely to experience an **increase in well-being** - the most\n\nimportant measure of overall economic impact \u2013 following a forced displacement crisis.\n\n\u27a2 People who are most likely to experience **losses in employment or wages are informal, low-**\n\n**skilled, young and female workers** .\n\n\u27a2 Negative effects of a forced displacement crisis are most visible in the **short-term and tend to**\n\n**vanish in the long-term** .\n\n\u27a2 Negative effects on employment and wages **more common in high-income countries** . In most\n\ncases, however, they are non-significant (meaning very small, or difficult to detect).\n\n\u27a2 The forcibly displaced are often not able to find **jobs that correspond** to their education level and\n\nprevious work experience.\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb2aebbc-0a52-47b3-87f6-9e9831d244cd/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Impacts%20of%20forced%20displacement%20on%20host%20communities.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|\u27a2 Restrictions on the right to work frequently mean that refugees compete with low-
skilled workers in the informal sector, potentially increasing negative impacts on
this already vulnerable group.
\u27a2 Allowing refugees to work and start their own businesses helps to disperse the
impacts across different sectors and skill levels.
\u27a2 At the same time, the productivity of local populations can be increased by
providing incentives for them to upgrade their skills.
\u27a2 Increased investment can also contribute to more employment opportunities.|\n|---|---|\n|**Prices and**
**well-being**




|**Findings**
\u27a2 In 4 of 5 cases, forced displacement crises lead to changes in prices. However,
the direction of the price change depends on the type of goods, existing levels of
poverty and access to markets:
`o`
Food and rent prices tend to increase due to supply shortages.
`o`
Prices for most other goods tend to fall.
\u27a2 Most host community households experience an overall increase in well-being \u2013
as measured by income, consumption or output. Negative impacts are associated
with less accurate measures of well-being, such as housing.
\u27a2 Overall, the probability of observing a decline in well-being among host
households in the aftermath of a forced displacement crisis is lower than 1 in 5.
**Policy Implications**
\u27a2 In isolated areas, investments by governments, donors and humanitarian
organizations can help to mitigate increases in prices by connecting these areas
to markets. Improvements in road networks, for example, seem to have a positive
impact on household welfare, even after the return of displaced persons.
\u27a2 An improved business and investment climate can also speed the reaction of the
private sector to greater demand. Increasing the issuance of construction permits,
notably for housing, may help mitigate increases in housing costs.|\n|**Urban**
**housing**

|**Findings**
\u27a2 The sudden nature of refugee inflows, combined with the slow response of
housing supply in the short-term, has the potential to affect housing prices and
generate substantial changes in housing preferences, neighborhood
quality/amenities, mobility patterns of hosts, and attitudes toward refugees.
\u27a2 In urban areas, the main consensus in the academic literature \u2013 which focuses
mostly on middle and upper-income countries \u2013 is that refugee inflows
significantly increase demand for affordable housing in hosting areas, which
leads to an increase in housing rents.
\u27a2 If the increased demand causes a reduction in perceived neighborhood quality
causing residents to leave, then the increase in rents is more limited \u2013 and rental
prices can fall in some cases. Residential outflows may then lead to increases in
housing prices in the regions where hosts choose to move.
**Policy implications**
\u27a2 Policy responses should aim to prevent worsening inequality in the first place,
instead of trying to mitigate it after it emerges. Policy options each have pros and
cons.
\u27a2 Housing vouchers allowing disadvantaged individuals to move out of segregated
neighborhoods have been shown to work in some settings, but not all.
\u27a2 Increasing the supply of housing in refugee hosting areas through construction
may mitigate increases in price, but does not address segregation, inequality and
urban poverty.
\u27a2 Building more housing for refugees in locations chosen by the government, on
the other hand, must take into account market access, economic opportunities
and sustainable livelihoods.|\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb2aebbc-0a52-47b3-87f6-9e9831d244cd/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Impacts%20of%20forced%20displacement%20on%20host%20communities.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_337/raw/doc_337_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_337/raw/doc_337_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d6bca96f9d2988161920a742dd6066b495efca1d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_337/raw/doc_337_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# KENYA: SUMMARY OF LEARNING FROM WORLD BANK-UNHCR DATA AND EVIDENCE COLLABORATION (2016\u20132023)\n\nThe World Bank and UNHCR have collaborated since 2016 on research, socioeconomic surveys\nand publications to generate evidence and develop an understanding of the living conditions of\nrefugee, stateless and host community populations in Kenya. These activities also assess the\nimpact on local communities arising from hosting forcibly displaced persons and identify and plan\nappropriate solutions. Key learnings and recommendations from this body of work are summarized\nbelow.\n\n\n**Timeline of collaboration and publications (2016\u20132023)**\n\n## **Economic and social impacts**\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic surveys", - "confidence": 0.944686233997345, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.5861798524856567, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "KENYA", - "confidence": 0.9860705733299255, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7542597055435181, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9231850504875183, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Consumer and market demand**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **Pandemic emergency response (COVID-19)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Socioeconomic Surveys (SES)**\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_January 2023_\n\n\n**Key statistics across population groups with sectoral recommendations from Socioeconomic Survey (SES) series**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|POPULATION|Col2|CAMPS|Col4|Col5|URBAN|Col7|RECOMMENDATIONS|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**POPULATION **|**POPULATION **|**Kalobeyei**
**Refugees**
(SES 2018)
**Kakuma**
**Refugees**
(SES 2019)
Men (50%)
Women
(50%)
Men (54%)
Women
(46%)|**Kalobeyei**
**Refugees**
(SES 2018)
**Kakuma**
**Refugees**
(SES 2019)
Men (50%)
Women
(50%)
Men (54%)
Women
(46%)|**Turkana**
**Hosts**
(KIHBS 2015)
Men (52%)
Women (48%)|**Refugees**
(SES 2020)
Men (51%)
Women (49%)|**Hosts**
(KIHBS
2015)
Men (52%)
Women (48%)|**Hosts**
(KIHBS
2015)
Men (52%)
Women (48%)|\n||Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|\n||Age|Below 18:
71%
Above 64:
0.6%|Below 18:
61%
Above 64:
0.4%|Below 18: 60%
Above 64: 0.4%|Below 18:
45%
Above 64:
1.8%|Below 18: 32%
Above 64:
0.7%||\n||Dependency
ratio|1.9|1.2|1.4|0.6|0.4||\n||Women-
headed
households|66%|56%|47%|41%|32%|\u27a2 Women and girls\u2019 empowerment programmes in camps and urban
areas can help alleviate barriers to accessing socioeconomic
opportunities and build and maintain human capital.
\u27a2 Financial inclusion programmes coupled with entrepreneurship skills,
business training and cash grants targeting women, especially those
with young dependents, can be a starting point to unlock refugee
women\u2019s socioeconomic potential.|\n||Improved
housing|5%|3%|8%|82%|78%|\u27a2 Scaling up permanent shelters in Kalobeyei with an extension to
Kakuma through ongoing cash-based interventions as well as
subsidies and vouchers can be crucial to improve refugees\u2019 living
conditions.
\u27a2 Increasing funding for national housing programmes, such as the
informal settlements upgrade schemes, to address host\u2019s needs while
including refugees can also reduce overcrowding.|\n||Improved
drinking|100%|100%|71%|91%|92%||\n||Improved
sanitation|52%
Sharing: 66%|78%
Sharing: 37%|19%
Sharing: --|84%
Sharing: 68%|99%
Sharing: --||\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socioeconomic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9643023610115051, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Key statistics across population groups with sectoral recommendations", - "confidence": 0.7924695611000061, - "start": 4, - "end": 12 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7594201564788818, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5842459201812744, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7783482670783997, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SES", - "confidence": 0.7344145774841309, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7849751114845276, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6148334741592407, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9604967832565308, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIHBS", - "confidence": 0.691781759262085, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkana", - "confidence": 0.6624011397361755, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7589131593704224, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5033034682273865, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIHBS", - "confidence": 0.9776822924613953, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.99265456199646, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_January 2023_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|POPULATION|Col2|CAMPS|Col4|Col5|Col6|URBAN|Col8|RECOMMENDATIONS|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**POPULATION **|**POPULATION **|**Kalobeyei**
**Refugees**
(SES 2018)|**Kalobeyei**
**Refugees**
(SES 2018)|**Kakuma**
**Refugees**
(SES 2019)|**Turkana**
**Hosts**
(KIHBS 2015)|**Refugees**
(SES 2020)|**Hosts**
(KIHBS
2015)|**Hosts**
(KIHBS
2015)|\n||Biomass
fuels|--|100%|100%|98%|26%|10%|\u27a2 Increasing access to clean cooking fuels is vital to enhancing health
outcomes for women and children under age 5.
\u27a2 Expanding energy access, particularly moving host and refugee
households up the energy ladder to non-biomass fuels, is critical to
enhancing health outcomes, specifically for cooks (primarily women)
and their accompanying children.|\n||Primary Net
Enrolment
rate*|77%|82%|82%|59%|69%|90%|\u27a2 The transition to secondary school can be enhanced by investing in
scholarship programmes, conditional cash transfers, and
strengthening the Free Day Secondary Education programme and
recognition of prior learning can be critical to support the transition.
\u27a2 Constructing new facilities and classrooms in existing schools and the
inclusion of refugees into the National Education Management
Information System (NEMIS) can also increase the transition to
secondary school.|\n||Secondary
Net
Enrolment
rate*|5%|14%|14%|23%|28%|61%|61%|\n||Employment
Rate*|39%|20%|20%|42%|42%|66%|\u27a2 Expanding access to bank accounts and mobile money, especially
among urban refugees, is key to increasing access to formal loans and
credit and improving savings. This can help start and grow businesses
as well as smooth consumption shocks.
\u27a2 Collaborations with the private sector, simplifying requirements for SIM
card registration and embedding refugees in government-led social
protection safety nets can support these efforts.
\u27a2 Increasing employment opportunities through improving pathways for
refugees to access work legally can be further enhanced. Kiswahili
and English literacy programmes can help increase participation in the
paid labour market.|\n||LSCI Food
Insecurity|61%|58%|58%|--|61%|--|\u27a2 Synchronizing cash transfers between agencies is essential to
improve food assistance and support households\u2019 capacity to allocate
resources and prioritize cash utilization. Shifting from in-kind to cash
transfers will be crucial to improve food security among camp-based
refugees.
\u27a2 Cash transfers for refugees can be a more cost-efficient way forward
and can increase food consumption.|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54e5570f-4536-4b86-9b4f-aff433eef8ad/EHAGL%20Knowledge%20summary%20-%20Kenya%20WB-UNHCR%20data%20and%20evidence%20collaboration.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_338/raw/doc_338_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_338/raw/doc_338_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 38b766689bc58792634fcdb9c8754f0b5ba20980..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_338/raw/doc_338_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Across the Horn of Africa,\nat least **36.1 million**\npeople have now been\naffected by the drought\nwhich began in October\n2020\n\n## **Background**\n\n\n\n**Over a million** people are now\ndisplaced in search of safety and\nassistance, including food, water,\nand shelter with devastating\nconsequences for women, children,\nand the elderly\n\n\n\nSignificant gaps persist in providing\nlife-saving multi-sectoral Protection,\nChild Protection, Gender-Based\nViolence (GBV) and Mental Health\nand Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)\nservices\n\n\n\nOnly **30%** of the target\nhumanitarian appeal has\nbeen met\n\n\n\nAcross the Horn of Africa, at least 36.1 million people have\nnow been affected by the drought which began in October\n2020, including 24.1 million in **Ethiopia**, 7.8 million in **Somalia**\nand 4.2 million in **Kenya** . This represents a significant increase\nfrom July 2022 (when an estimated 19.4 million people were\naffected), reflecting the impact of the drought in additional\ngeographic areas of Ethiopia, as well as the rising needs in\nSomalia. [1]\n\n\nMany drought-affected communities are struggling to cope\nwith the cumulative consequences of other shocks, including\nconflicts and insecurity, climate change (flooding, drought,\nand food insecurity), COVID-19, ongoing impacts of desert\nlocusts on agropastoral communities, and economic factors\naffecting supply chain and inflation increasing the costs of\nbasic goods and services.\n\n\nThe impact of the **Ukraine** crisis continues to compound\n\n\n\nall these shocks with global wheat prices at a record high\nin June 2022 and the international community redirecting\nits financial and humanitarian support to the Ukraine\nemergency. Internally Displaced People (IDPs), refugees,\nasylum seekers, returnees, stateless persons and migrants\nare at a heightened risk of food insecurity as many have\nleft behind assets, lost their social capital, and livelihoods.\nA recent UNHCR Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey\n(SENS) reported \u201cCritical\u201d levels of child malnutrition (wasting,\nstunting and anemia) amongst refugee children, specifically\nin refugee sites in **Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan,** and\n\n**Uganda** . [2] This situation comes in the wake of humanitarian\n\nfunding shortfalls that have contributed to food ration cuts [3]\nand amplified the cross-sectional protection needs of the\nmost vulnerable.\n\n\n\n1 https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/horn-africa-drought-regional-humanitarian-overview-call-action-revised-24-august-2022\n2 https://www.icpac.net/documents/572/IGAD_RRFC_2022_ONLINE_4eYMbKh.pdf\n3 https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/06/1120792\n\n\nRegional Protection Working Group\n\n\n##### **01**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e7310d4-57cd-4527-ae27-c46a9ac7b967/EHAGL%20REGIONAL%20PROTECTION%20WORKING%20GROUP_DROUGHT%20ADVOCACY%20NOTE_SEPTEMBER%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Key Protection Issues**\n\nWhile the multi-sectoral response to drought is focused on\nsupporting critical nutrition, health, and WASH interventions,\nthe ensuing serious protection crisis cannot be overlooked.\nIncreased displacement, breakdowns in family and community\nsupport systems, child separation, and escalations in negative\ncoping strategies contribute to growing protection, child\nprotection and gender-based violence (GBV) risks. Protection\ndelivery is challenged in terms of availability and accessibility\nto quality protection services owing to insecurity and limited\nhumanitarian access. This is further complicated by utilizing\na sedentary approach to protection on a non-sedentary\npopulation whose pastoral livelihoods require movement for the\nsurvival of their livestock and hence their own personal survival.\n\n\nIn the face of multiple competing emergencies, limited\nhumanitarian funding and donor fatigue, protection delivery is\nunfortunately deprioritized and protection needs are unmet.\nHerein lies the protection crisis whereby traditional socioeconomic mechanisms for protection are compromised and aid\ndependency arises. Protection delivery is imperative in order\nto save lives, restore the socio-economic structures of family\nand community who provide protection and empower them to\nutilize their proven resilience to continue active participation in\nthe economy.\n\n\n**Conflict, Climate Change, COVID-19, and Cost of**\n**Living (4Cs)**\n\n\nHouseholds and individuals living in fragile and conflict-affected\ncontexts are at heightened risk of food insecurity. Community\ntensions are increasing due to competition over scarce\nresources. In **Kenya** and **Somalia,** pastoralists are trekking\nlong distances to find water and pasture for livestock, leading to\n\n\n\ninter-communal tensions and conflict. In the Ethiopian regions of\n\nOromia (East and West Hararge) and Somali, [4] severe water and\nfood shortages, as well as loss of livestock, are increasing social\ntension in addition to the conflict in Northern **Ethiopia** . Further,\nanecdotal reports indicate that livestock price shocks in affected\nareas are often the result of this vicious cycle of escalating intercommunal violence, cattle rustling, and food insecurity.\n\n\nThe breakdown of the protection regime and rule of law in\ncountries which are unable to provide adequate social services\nfor their citizens heightens protection risks and further exposes\nwomen and young children, persons with disabilities and older\npersons, who remain behind as their communities engage\nin transhumance livelihood activities with their livestock. In\n**Somalia**, people are migrating to nearby towns, joining existing\nand already overcrowded camps for IDPs, or traversing\ndangerous distances controlled by armed groups and covered\nwith unexploded ordnance (UXOs) in search of work or\nhumanitarian assistance.\n\n\nVulnerability to sexual exploitation and abuse (sea) is increasing\nas resources become scarce and food insecurity worsens.\nWithin extremely limited options for livelihoods and shortages\nof essential items, including menstrual hygiene products, other\nsanitary items, and clothing, some women and girls are forced to\ncope by exchanging sex for food, water, and other basic needs.\nAcross **Kenya,** a deeply concerning and unsustainable practice\nof incurring debt to access water and purchase essential goods\nhas emerged, with female-headed households particularly\naffected. Exposure to multiple protection risks makes child\nrights monitoring even more crucial to inform preparedness and\nrisk informed programming and advocacy.\n\n\n##### **02**\n\n\n\n4 Livestock is the main source of food and livelihood for communities across drought-affected areas.\n\n\nRegional Protection Working Group\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e7310d4-57cd-4527-ae27-c46a9ac7b967/EHAGL%20REGIONAL%20PROTECTION%20WORKING%20GROUP_DROUGHT%20ADVOCACY%20NOTE_SEPTEMBER%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Child Protection**\n\n\nChildren are at particular risk of abandonment, separation,\nviolence, neglect, exploitation, and abuse. During drought, loss\nof family livestock and food scarcity puts a strain on economic\nlivelihoods and leads many families to rely on children to secure\ntheir survival. As more children are either involved in child labor\nactivities and/or separated from their families, school dropout rates and cases of children living in the streets are likely\nto increase. The number of children at risk of dropping out of\nschool across **Ethiopia,** **Kenya,** and **Somalia**, due to the impact\nof the crisis, has tripled within three months \u2013 leaving vast\nnumbers of adolescent girls at increased risk of GBV including\nundergoing FGM and being forced into marriage. As a result\nof unregistered births or misplaced documents, children may\nbe unknown to, or unable to access, protection actors and the\nservices they provide.\n\n\nIn some communities in **Somalia,** for instance, families have\nstopped sending girls to school, prioritizing boys as they cannot\nafford the school fees for all children. In **Ethiopia**, protection\nactors report that boys from the ages 12-14 are leaving school as\nthey are expected to join the men in search of food and pasture\n\n\n\nfor livestock or are at increasing risks of exposure to grave\nviolations including, recruitment and use in the armed conflict.\n\n\n**Gender-based Violence**\n\n\nRisks of GBV, including sexual violence, exploitation, and abuse,\nas well as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) are becoming more\nacute as displaced women and girls, living without the support\nof their traditional family network or other social safety nets,\nare forced to walk longer distances in search of food, water,\nand pasture. In **Somalia**, 56% of the women surveyed had to\ntravel more than 30 minutes to safely access water increasing\ntheir vulnerability to violence. 34% of women reported that they\nhad no access to safe latrines, and 58% had unmet menstrual\n\nhygiene needs. [5] The same situation is witnessed in **Kenya**\n\nwhereby makeshift shelters, unlit pathways to water and\nfirewood collection points, and latrines provide limited to no\nsecurity, heightening risks for assault.\n\n\nAdolescent girls are particularly vulnerable with child marriage\nand female genital mutilation (FGM) on the rise as families adopt\nnegative coping mechanisms for survival. In situations of extreme\nstrain on household income, many families aim to reduce their\nfamily sizes by resorting to child marriages and alleviate the\neconomic pressures by obtaining alternative sources of income\nin the form of dowry. In **Ethiopia**, child marriage has increased\nby an average of 119% across regions worst hit by the drought \u2013\nSomali, Oromia and SNNP \u2013 between January to April 2021 and\n\nthe same period in 2022. [6]\n\n\nGBV response services including clinical management of\nrape (CMR), case management and PSS are severely lacking\nmeaning women and girls are unable to seek care and recover\nfrom violence and abuse.\n\n### **Call to Action**\n\n\nThe frequency and severity of drought in the region has eroded\nresources and families are taking desperate measures to survive.\nAll stakeholders must recognize the multi-faceted protection\nneeds of women and children, the elderly, persons with\nhealth difficulties, people with disabilities, and other minority/\nmarginalized groups to ensure inclusive assistance delivery. As\nthese vulnerable groups fall further behind, there is a tangible\nreversal of gains made towards the Sustainable Development\nGoals especially those focusing on women empowerment and\neducation. Key recommendations for targeted action plans for\nthe various stakeholders are:\n\n\n\n5 While this is the latest figure available at the time of writing, it is likely that these are already outdated as the crisis\nevolves. Care Somalia (2021) Rapid Gender Analysis Somalia.\n6 https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/child-marriage-rise-horn-africa-drought-crisis-intensifies\n\n\nRegional Protection Working Group\n\n\n##### **03**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e7310d4-57cd-4527-ae27-c46a9ac7b967/EHAGL%20REGIONAL%20PROTECTION%20WORKING%20GROUP_DROUGHT%20ADVOCACY%20NOTE_SEPTEMBER%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**National Governments**\n\n\n- Strengthen access to and delivery of quality essential services\nfor the most vulnerable, including food, nutrition, health,\nchild protection, recovery programs for victims of genderbased violence, social protection systems, improved water\nand sanitation, and establish accountability mechanisms to\nensure the most vulnerable children and families can access\nbasic services safely and equitably.\n\n- Create opportunities for national organizations or local\nactors including women-led and rights-based organizations,\ncivil society actors and community-based structures to be\nincluded in key decision-making bodies that contribute to\npeacebuilding and safety for all.\n\n- Ensure that all organizations and entities responding to\nthe drought emergency adequately incorporate GBV risk\nmitigation in their responses to better protect girls, boys,\nwomen, and men.\n\n- Engage conflict-affected communities in dialogues on\ndurable peaceful solutions and increase security surveillance\nin drought-affected areas..\n\n- Acknowledge heightened risks of child rights violations and\nother protection risks, including gender-based violence\nand sexual exploitation and abuse. Thereafter, engage with\ncommunities to better understand their most pressing needs\nand ensure corresponding interventions.\n\n- Spearhead funding appeals and advocacy for protection\nrisks facing drought displaced communities\n\n\n**Donor Community**\n\n\n- Increase funding for both life-saving protection (e.g., child\nprotection and GBV services) and protection mainstreaming\n(including protection monitoring and referral systems).\n\n- Provide multi-year funding is essential to enable affected\ncommunities to be prepared and develop specific and\npositive coping mechanisms as climatic shocks are certain\nto repeat themselves.\n\n- Mobilize additional humanitarian funding to address urgent\nand growing GBV and child protection needs. It is essential\nto ensure that funding is additional rather than diverted from\nother programmes or locations and supports specialized\nGBV and child protection services in drought-affected\nlocations.\n\n- Plan and budget for SGBV/SEA risk mitigation and inclusion\nof child protection and referral services in all sectoral\ninterventions.\n\n\n\n\n- Ensure funded programmes and interventions adopt Age,\nGender, and Diversity (AGD) and Accountability to Affected\nPeople (AAP) approaches that target the most vulnerable\nand most at risk but also strengthen the resilience of families\nand communities.\n\n\n**Humanitarian Sector**\n\n\n- Protection Clusters and Protection Working Groups in\ndrought-affected countries should facilitate information\nexchange channels amongst various Areas of Responsibility\n(AoRs) for effective advocacy on protection needs;\nensure capacity-building on protection principles, GBV,\nChild Protection, PSEA, and community engagement for\nstaff, partners including Government counterparts, and\ncommunity volunteers; conduct protection monitoring;\nhighlight deteriorating protection conditions and trends, and\nrecommend good practices to support affected communities.\n\n- UN agencies, INGOs, and NGOs should scale up specialized\nGBV and Child Protection services, including case\nmanagement and psychosocial support to women and\nchildren; community-based protection mechanisms and\nfamily tracing and reunification for unaccompanied and\nseparated children; and implement GBV risk mitigation\nmeasures to improve women and children\u2019s safety and\naccess to humanitarian assistance.\n\n- UN agencies, RCRC Movement, (I)NGOs, Community-based\nOrganizations (CBOs)/Refugee-led Organizations (RLOs)\nshould strengthen coordination and leverage existing\nexpertise to enhance service delivery and community\nprotection across drought-affected communities. This\nmay include one-stop GBV centers, Family Tracing and\nReunification services, and improved access to education\nand child-friendly services. Adapting existing protection\ndelivery methods to mobile protection delivery units may\ncontribute to improved accessibility and quality of services\nand address the unmet needs of pastoral populations on the\nmove.\n\n- Allocate resources to coordinate and strengthen and/\nor establish accountability mechanisms such as common\nfeedback mechanisms (CFMs) and community participation\nstructures. Strengthen community leadership for protection\nand facilitate access to basic social services.\n\n- Strengthen PSEA through setting up of community-based\ncomplaint mechanisms, access to survivor assistance, and\ncapacity building of staff and partners.\n\n\n\nInputs for this note were provided by members of the Regional Protection Working Group comprising of:\n\n\nRegional Protection Working Group\n##### **04**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e7310d4-57cd-4527-ae27-c46a9ac7b967/EHAGL%20REGIONAL%20PROTECTION%20WORKING%20GROUP_DROUGHT%20ADVOCACY%20NOTE_SEPTEMBER%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_339/raw/doc_339_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_339/raw/doc_339_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8f128576353277ef4a5e51e980b9c9a040a44ce7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_339/raw/doc_339_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Mars 2023**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/756c6f26-f459-4818-84ea-0e9757efab9b/EHF_2023_ESU_Note_Plaidoyer_FRE.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fermetures d\u2019\u00e9coles sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en Afrique de l'Ouest et Central : un avenir compromis pour des millions d'enfants\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nBFA CAF CMR DRC MLI NER NGA TCD\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023*\n\n\n_Sources: ACLED, Insecurity Insight, GCPEA._\n\n\n\n\n- Un total de 90 incidents contre l'\u00e9ducation entre janvier et mars 2023\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: ACLED, P\u00e9riode 1er janvier - 3 mars 2023._\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/756c6f26-f459-4818-84ea-0e9757efab9b/EHF_2023_ESU_Note_Plaidoyer_FRE.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fermetures d\u2019\u00e9coles sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en Afrique de l'Ouest et Central : un avenir compromis pour des millions d'enfants\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\n\u00c9coles ferm\u00e9es de 2019 \u00e0 2023\nSahel Central (BFA, MLI, NER) Sahel Central + CMR, NGA, CAR, DRC, TCD\n\n15000\n\n\n13500\n\n\n12000\n\n\n10500\n\n\n9000\n\n\n7500\n\n\n6000\n\n\n4500\n\n\n3000\n\n\n1500\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nJan-19 Mai-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Jul-20 Jul-21 D\u00e9c-21 Jan-22 Mar-22 Avr-22 Mai-22 Sep-22 D\u00e9c-22 F\u00e9v-23\n\n\n## **Recommandations**\n\nConform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 2601 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\nNations unies sur la protection des \u00e9coles dans les conflits\narm\u00e9s [1], nous appelons les gouvernements, toutes les parties\nau conflit et la communaut\u00e9 internationale \u00e0 :\n\n\n**1- Adopter des approches holistiques, int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et**\n**multisectorielles pour la mise en \u0153uvre des protocoles et**\n**cadres pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles**\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient veiller \u00e0 ce que des organes\nde d\u00e9cision et des m\u00e9canismes de coordination inclusifs\net transparents soient mis en place et fonctionnent afin\nd'op\u00e9rationnaliser et de mettre en \u0153uvre la D\u00e9claration sur la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles (Safe School Declaration, SSD) [2] .\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient assurer une coop\u00e9ration et une coordination plus\nfortes entre les acteurs de la protection et de l'\u00e9ducation pour\nl'\u00e9laboration de strat\u00e9gies op\u00e9rationnelles de pr\u00e9vention et\nd'att\u00e9nuation de l'impact des attaques sur l'\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient adopter une vision holistique\npour renforcer la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9coles face aux conflits, aux\ncatastrophes et au changement climatique, en cherchant \u00e0\noptimiser la convergence et les synergies institutionnelles,\n\n\n**1** Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies (2021). [R\u00e9solution 2601 sur la protection des](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2601.pdf)\n\n\u00e9coles dans les confits arm\u00e9es.\n**2** GCPEA (2015). [D\u00e9claration sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/document/declaration-sur-la-securite-dans-les-ecoles/)\n\n\n\ntechniques et de mise en \u0153uvre de la SSD avec d'autres\ncadres pertinents, tels que le Cadre global de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\n\u00e9coles (CSSF) [3], l'initiave Apprendre en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 [4], et les\nnormes minimales du R\u00e9seau inter-agences pour l'\u00e9ducation\ndans les situations d'urgence (INEE) [5] .\n\n\n**2- N\u00e9gocier imm\u00e9diatement la non-occupation des \u00e9coles**\n**par les parties au conflit et la r\u00e9ouverture des \u00e9coles**\n**ferm\u00e9es**\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient prendre des mesures\nconcr\u00e8tes - par exemple, par le biais de la l\u00e9gislation, d'ordres\npermanents et de la formation - pour mettre fin \u00e0 l'utilisation\nmilitaire des \u00e9coles et, au minimum, mettre en \u0153uvre les\nLignes directrices pour la protection des \u00e9coles et des\nuniversit\u00e9s contre l'utilisation militaire pendant les conflits\n\narm\u00e9s [6] .\n\n- La communaut\u00e9 internationale doit veiller \u00e0 ce que les\nm\u00e9canismes de coordination civilo-militaire documentent\n\n\n**3** GADRRRES (2022). [Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030.](https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Comprehensive-School-Safety-Framework-2022-2030-for-Child-Rights-and-Resilience-in-the-Education-Sector.pdf)\n**4** [Global Partnership and Fund to End Violence Against Children (2016). Safe to Learn](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n\n[initiative.](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n**5** INEE (2010). [Normes Minimales pour l\u2019Education : Pr\u00e9paration, Interventions et](https://inee.org/fr/les-normes-minimales)\n\n[Rel\u00e8vement.](https://inee.org/fr/les-normes-minimales)\n**6** GCPEA (2014). [Lignes directrices pour la protection des \u00e9coles et des universit\u00e9s](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n[contre l'utilisation militaire pendant les confits arm\u00e9s](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/756c6f26-f459-4818-84ea-0e9757efab9b/EHF_2023_ESU_Note_Plaidoyer_FRE.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fermetures d\u2019\u00e9coles sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en Afrique de l'Ouest et Central : un avenir compromis pour des millions d'enfants\n\n\n\nl'utilisation militaire des \u00e9coles et d\u00e9finissent rapidement des\nmesures concr\u00e8tes pour y mettre fin.\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient utiliser la SSD pour inciter les dirigeants des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00e0 respecter le droit humanitaire\ninternational, notamment en \u00e9mettant des ordres de\ncommandement, en adoptant des politiques internes, en\ncr\u00e9ant un code de conduite ou en signant et en mettant en\n\u0153uvre la D\u00e9claration d'engagement de l'Appel de Gen\u00e8ve\npour la protection des enfants contre les effets des conflits\narm\u00e9s [7] . Ces initiatives devraient comprendre, au minimum,\ndes engagements \u00e0 mettre fin au recrutement et \u00e0 l'utilisation\nd'enfants de moins de 18 ans, et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les violences\nsexuelles et sexistes commises par les combattants\n(notamment en mettant fin \u00e0 tous les mariages forc\u00e9s et\nmariages d'enfants).\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires doivent\nimm\u00e9diatement n\u00e9gocier la r\u00e9ouverture des \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es par\nle biais d'approches de m\u00e9diation et de n\u00e9gociation s\u2019appuyant\nsur la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\n**3- Elaborer et mettre en \u0153uvre des plans d'intervention**\n**fond\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es quantitatives et qualitatives, en**\n**accordant la priorit\u00e9 aux personnes les plus \u00e0 risque**\n\n- Les gouvernements, les organisations internationales\nhumanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile devraient\nmettre en \u0153uvre la Bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils de la Coalition mondiale pour\nla protection de l'\u00e9ducation contre les attaques pour la collecte\net l'analyse de donn\u00e9es sur les attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation [8] afin\nd'identifier les lacunes en mati\u00e8re de suivi et de communication\nde l'information.\n\n- Sur la base des lacunes identifi\u00e9es, les gouvernements\ndevraient mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes pour renforcer\nle suivi et le signalement des attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation (y\ncompris les incidents de violence sexuelle et les menaces\nsp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 l'encontre des \u00e9tudiantes et des enseignantes)\navec l'aide de la Commission europ\u00e9enne :\n\n- Donn\u00e9es ventil\u00e9es par type d'attaque contre l'\u00e9ducation,\nsexe, \u00e2ge, lieu, personne ou groupe responsable ; nombre de\njours de fermeture de l'\u00e9cole (\u00e0 la suite d'une attaque directe ou\nde menaces prof\u00e9r\u00e9es contre les enseignants et les \u00e9l\u00e8ves) ;\n\n- Type d'\u00e9cole pour am\u00e9liorer les efforts de pr\u00e9vention et\nde r\u00e9ponse aux attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient mettre en place des syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce\net des plans d'intervention d'urgence (en consultation avec\nles communaut\u00e9s scolaires), renforcer les capacit\u00e9s du\npersonnel \u00e9ducatif et former les enfants et les enseignants\n\u00e0 l'autoprotection, notamment par le biais de l\u2019Approche\n\n\n**7** [Geneva Call (2013). Deed of Commitment for the Protection of Children from the](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n\n[Effects of Armed Confict.](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n**8** GCPEA (2021). [Bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pour la collecte et l'analyse de donn\u00e9es sur les attaques](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n\n[contre l'\u00e9ducation](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\ncommune pour des \u00e9coles s\u00fbres [9] .\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient accorder une priorit\u00e9 accrue aux enfants vivant\ndans des zones difficiles d'acc\u00e8s, ainsi qu'aux autres enfants\nmarginalis\u00e9s, y compris les enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- Les pays c\u00f4tiers (B\u00e9nin, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guin\u00e9e et\nTogo) devraient renforcer d'urgence tous les plans de pr\u00e9vention\net d'intervention pour prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9coles et la continuit\u00e9\n\u00e9ducative en cas de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration rapide de la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire.\n\n\n**4- Renforcer les solutions d'apprentissage alternatives,**\n**innovantes, acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es et flexibles pour la continuit\u00e9 de**\n**l'\u00e9ducation**\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires devraient mettre en\nplace ou d\u00e9velopper des initiatives qui favorisent la poursuite\nde l'apprentissage pour les enfants qui ont d\u00fb abandonner\nl'\u00e9cole ou ceux qui ont connu de longues interruptions dans\nleur apprentissage d'autre part. Pour ce faire, les minist\u00e8res\ndoivent faire preuve de souplesse dans leurs approches et les\npartenaires doivent \u00eatre innovants et exp\u00e9rimenter diverses\noptions d'\u00e9ducation alternative, y compris l'apprentissage \u00e0\ndistance.\n\n- Les acteurs de l'\u00e9ducation doivent travailler avec les\nstructures d'\u00e9ducation coranique, en comprenant qu'elles\nsont souvent les seules \u00e0 rester ouvertes dans le contexte\nactuel o\u00f9 l'\u00e9ducation est attaqu\u00e9e, promouvoir l'inclusion de\nl'alphab\u00e9tisation et de la num\u00e9ratie fondamentales, et soutenir\nles parcours de formation continue pour leurs apprenants.\n\n\n**5- Etendre et am\u00e9liorer le soutien psychosocial aux enfants, \u00e0**\n**leurs enseignants et aux personnes qui s'occupent d'eux**\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires devraient apporter\nun soutien accru \u00e0 l'apprentissage psychosocial et socio\u00e9motionnel, en groupe et individuellement, aux enfants stress\u00e9s\net traumatis\u00e9s et \u00e0 leurs enseignants, en reconnaissant que\nles premiers ne peuvent pas apprendre et que les seconds ne\npeuvent pas enseigner.\n\n\n**6- Augmenter les financements pr\u00e9visibles, flexibles et \u00e0 long**\n**terme pour l'\u00e9ducation dans les situations d'urgence**\n\n- Les minist\u00e8res de l'Education devraient plaider aupr\u00e8s\ndes minist\u00e8res des Finances et du Budget en faveur d'une\naugmentation des allocations budg\u00e9taires permettant des\nd\u00e9caissements flexibles.\n\n- Les bailleurs de fonds devraient promouvoir les synergies\net les compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de financement afin d'en\nassurer une utilisation optimale, et financer des mesures\nsp\u00e9cifiques pour pr\u00e9venir, att\u00e9nuer et r\u00e9pondre aux attaques\ncontre l'\u00e9ducation dans le cadre du lien entre le d\u00e9veloppement\net l'aide humanitaire.\n\n**9** [Transforming Education Summit (2022). Approche commune pour des \u00e9coles s\u00fbres.](https://fr.transformingeducationsummit.sdg4education2030.org/SafeSchoolsCommonApproach)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/756c6f26-f459-4818-84ea-0e9757efab9b/EHF_2023_ESU_Note_Plaidoyer_FRE.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_34/raw/doc_34_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_34/raw/doc_34_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2a02291126f2b242a453e3f7db2597b730b532b5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_34/raw/doc_34_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,848 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE**\n\n**REGIONAL PROTECTION ANALYSIS # 1**\n\n\nBelarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of\nMoldova, Poland, Romania & Slovakia\n\nData as of 30 September 2022\n\n\n**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe** 26 OCTOBER 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Contents**\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations 3\n\nContext 8\n\nMethodology 9\n\nDemographic and displacement patterns 10\n\nProtection overview 13\n\nRefugees\u2019 intentions 13\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nData used in this report was collected as part of Protection Profiling and\nMonitoring exercises led by UNHCR in Belarus (in partnership with IFRC),\nBulgaria, Hungary, the Republic of Moldova (in partnership with Law Center for\nAdvocates, INTERSOS and REACH), Poland (in partnership with REACH),\nRomania (in partnership with Romanian National Council for Refugees and\nREACH) and Slovakia (in partnership with Human Rights League, Mareena,\nPeople in Need, REACH and Slovak Humanitarian Council).\n\n\nThe analysis of data was coordinated by the Data, Identity Management and\nAnalysis Unit (DIMA) and the drafting of the report was led by the Protection Unit\nin UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Europe (RBE).\n\n\nWe are grateful for the extensive involvement and support of UNHCR\u2019s partners,\nlocal authorities, civil society, international organizations and donors. Most\nimportantly, UNHCR would like to acknowledge the resilience and strength of\nrefugees from Ukraine, who continue to share with us their challenges, fears and\nhopes.\n\n\n~~CONTACT US~~\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nData, Identity Management and Analysis Unit (DIMA)\nProtection Unit\nEmail: rbeext@unhcr.org\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_Poland. Refugees from Ukraine wait to be registered at UNHCR\u2019s cash enrolment centre in_\n_Krakow Tauron Arena. May 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Maciej Moskwa_\n\n\n2 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS", - "confidence": 0.6122337579727173, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.546566903591156, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9556712508201599, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Key findings and recommendations\n\n\n\nThis regional analysis is based on **more than** discussions conducted in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia\n**34,000 interviews** with refugees from Ukraine and Moldova. The report presents an overview of\nconducted by UNHCR and partners **in Belarus,** refugees\u2019 demographic profiles and displacement\n**Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland,** patterns and main findings regarding protection\n**Romania and Slovakia between mid-May and end** risks, priority needs and intentions of refugees from\n**September**, complemented with focus group Ukraine.1\n\n\n**78%** **OF RESPONDENTS HAVE BEEN SEPARATED FROM IMMEDIATE FAMILY**\n**MEMBERS**\n## **1**\n\n\n\nThis regional analysis is based on **more than**\n**34,000 interviews** with refugees from Ukraine\nconducted by UNHCR and partners **in Belarus,**\n**Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland,**\n**Romania and Slovakia between mid-May and end**\n**September**, complemented with focus group\n\n\n\n**78%** **OF RESPONDENTS HAVE BEEN SEPARATED FROM IMMEDIATE FAMILY**\n**MEMBERS**\n\n\n\nThis refugee crisis is characterized by high levels of\nfamily separation. Some **78%** of respondents reported\nhaving to separate from immediate family members\ndue to their departure from Ukraine. The vast majority\nof refugees from Ukraine are women and children,\nwith dynamics around family separation resulting in\na large proportion of single female caregivers who\nare acting as primary breadwinners for their families.\nWhilst many respondents indicated that family\nseparations occurred as a result of restrictions on\nfreedom of movement for men due to martial law, a\nlarge percentage equally indicated that their family\nmembers remaining in Ukraine did not wish to leave\nat the time they departed, or were unable to depart,\nfor financial or other reasons.\n\n\n\nFamily separation in a refugee context can\nexacerbate several protection risks including genderbased violence, human trafficking, exploitation,\nisolation and trauma, particularly for persons\nwith specific needs, such as unaccompanied and\nseparated children, older persons and persons with\ndisabilities. Working to mitigate these risks, including\nthrough prioritizing the prevention of and response to\n\n\n1 An interactive online dashboard with key results can be found [here](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWU3NjkzYmEtNDYzMC00M2EyLTkwMjctMGIwZTA0MTQwMjU5IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSectionb9333061a0a2e93930ea)\n\n\n\ngender-based violence (GBV), protection of children,\nprevention of trafficking and supporting the mental\nhealth and psychosocial wellbeing of refugees in host\ncountries, needs to remain a key focus of the refugee\nresponse. In addition, the effective and early inclusion\nof refugees into national systems \u2013 including access\nto the employment market, social protection, health\nand education services - is key to helping support\ntheir self-sufficiency and mitigating these protection\nrisks.\n\n\nRights to family unity and family life are well\nestablished in international and regional law, whilst\nfamily unity provides an essential framework of\nprotection in displacement. Given the scale of family\nseparation amongst refugees from Ukraine, many\nfamilies may require access to swift, effective and\nflexible family reunification procedures as and when\nthey are able to reunite with relatives. This needs to\ninclude effective routes to family reunification for\nindividuals who may not fall within the scope of the\nTemporary Protection Directive, ensuring that families\nare able to swiftly reunify and stay together.\n\n\n\n3 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.524081289768219, - "start": 123, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5100113153457642, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5485061407089233, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Belarus", - "confidence": 0.5251947641372681, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5214029550552368, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interactive online dashboard", - "confidence": 0.8773402571678162, - "start": 445, - "end": 448 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8448244333267212, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n## **2**\n\n\n\n**24% OF HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE PERSON AT**\n**HEIGHTENED RISK**\n\n\n\nof respondents reported at least one\n**24%**\nhousehold member with a specific need, including\npersons with disabilities, serious medical needs, older\npersons and separated or unaccompanied children.\nPersons with specific needs may face specific barriers\nthat prevent them from fully enjoying their rights or\naccessing the services they need, and can face\nheightened risks of discrimination, abuse, violence\nand neglect during displacement and in their country\nof asylum.\n\n\n\nData from protection monitoring indicates that\nhouseholds with one or more persons with specific\nneeds may have fewer resources and more limited\naccess to support networks in their host countries\nthan other groups amongst the refugee population.\nMany may have limited access to information on\nexisting services (including health) and face limitations\n\n\n\nin accessing employment opportunities, including\nfamily members who are required to provide care at\nhome.\n\n\nIt is crucial that persons with specific needs are\nsystematically identified at an early stage and referred\nto services and support in a timely manner in order\nto mitigate protection risks. UNHCR recommends\nthat procedures to identify persons at heightened\nrisk are included as part of registration procedures\nfor temporary protection and other forms of legal\nstay, as well as procedures to renew residency and\nother associated documentation in order to enhance\nopportunities for the identification of these groups.\nIdentification of individuals at heightened risk has\nto be further matched with upscaling specialized\nservices with adequate capacity and resources, which\nare adapted to the needs and numbers of persons of\nconcern.\n\n\n## **3**\n\n\n\n**31% OF RESPONDENTS DO NOT HOLD INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC**\n**PASSPORTS**\n\n\n\nof respondents do not hold international\n**31%**\nbiometric passports, which permit a greater freedom\nof movement. Respondents travelling without any\ntype of national passport ( **6%** of respondents)\nindicated that they were carrying ID cards, birth\ncertificates or no documents at all. In addition, data\navailable prior to the start of the international armed\nconflict demonstrates that there are groups within\nthe Ukrainian population who are stateless, or who\nmay lack the civil documentation needed to acquire\nor confirm their Ukrainian citizenship and are at risk\nof statelessness.2 This has also been confirmed by\nongoing monitoring and legal support activities in\nhosting countries.\n\n\n\nWhilst states have implemented flexible approaches\nto documentation for individuals seeking to leave\nUkraine as a result of the international armed conflict,\nreliable access to civil documentation is likely to\nbecome a pressing concern for many refugees in\n\n\n\norder to ensure their continued access to rights and\nservices. A lack of civil documentation may also\npose a barrier to return, once conditions permit.\nThis is particularly the case for those who lack key\nforms of Ukrainian civil documentation, those whose\ndocuments have since expired, for children who may\nnot hold passports or have been born in displacement\nand for former residents of non-government\ncontrolled areas of Ukraine. Providing avenues\nfor issuance and replacement of Ukrainian civil\ndocumentation in host countries, including through\nUkrainian Embassies abroad, would be important in\nthis regard. Improving systems to identify stateless\npersons and those at risk of statelessness amongst\nthe refugee population from Ukraine, providing\navenues for documentation, status determination and\nemploying an expansive application of the Temporary\nProtection Directive to include these groups, is also\nkey in ensuring their protection.\n\n\n\n2 UNHCR 2022: Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2021 [https://www.unhcr.org/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021](https://www.unhcr.org/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021)\n\n\n4 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.6901347041130066, - "start": 392, - "end": 393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7037409543991089, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian population", - "confidence": 0.8578609824180603, - "start": 410, - "end": 412 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "systems to identify stateless\npersons", - "confidence": 0.5830639004707336, - "start": 597, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8078939318656921, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5689936280250549, - "start": 647, - "end": 648 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5101903080940247, - "start": 610, - "end": 614 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **4**\n\n\n\nDISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**ACCOMMODATION AND EMPLOYMENT ARE AMONGST REFUGEES\u2019**\n**PRIORITY NEEDS**\n\n\n\n**Accommodation** and **employment** were highlighted\nas two major and immediate needs reported by\nrefugees, followed by material assistance and\nhealthcare. Respondents additionally highlighted\npriority needs for information on how to access\n**job opportunities,** **medical care, legal status,**\n**accommodation** and **education.**\n\n\n\nHost countries should seek to enhance the economic\nand financial inclusion of refugees from Ukraine,\nincluding access to decent work. This is especially\nimportant given that the majority of respondents\nreported plans to stay in their current host country in\nthe near future. The overall high levels of education\nand the diverse professional skills identified amongst\nthe refugee population can help facilitate this\nprocess.\n\n\n\nagainst protection risks and potential negative coping\nmechanisms and contribute to their host communities.\n\n\nRefugees equally require access to reliable and\naccessible information on how they can access such\nopportunities, services and support in their host\ncountries. It is crucial that all actors work to ensure\nequal access to information on rights, obligations\nand available services as early as possible, through\nmultiple channels and in accessible formats while\nensuring coordination amongst the relevant actors.\n\n\nInformation needs to be provided in line with the\ncommunity\u2019s communication needs and preferences\nas well as in a language they understand. Whilst\nthe majority of respondents preferred to receive\ninformation through digital channels, it is important\nto ensure that a range of communication channels\nand formats are utilised in order to effectively\ncommunicate with all sections of the refugee\ncommunity, including those who may not have\naccess to or be familiar with digital platforms.\nSharing information and key messages via Ukrainian\ncommunity groups and refugee-led organisations will\nbe key in this regard. Information also needs to be\nadapted to persons with specific needs, in particular\npersons with disabilities, older persons and children.\n\n\n\nIt is recommended refugees are afforded additional\nopportunities for learning relevant languages and\nprovided with systems to obtain or recognize\nrelevant qualifications. Considering the high levels\nof family separation and significant proportion of\nsingle caretaker households, access to adequate\nand affordable childcare will be crucial in ensuring\naccess to employment opportunities. Addressing\nthe priority needs of refugees will help support their\nsocio-economic inclusion in host countries, mitigate\n\n\n## **5**\n\n\n\n**63% OF RESPONDENTS PLAN TO STAY IN THEIR CURRENT HOST**\n**COUNTRY IN THE NEAR FUTURE**\n\n\n\nThe current humanitarian crisis in Ukraine coupled\nwith multiple potential safety and security risks in\ncase of return means that host countries should\ncontinue to offer the refugee population access to\npredictable legal status, which enables access to\ndecent work, financial products and entrepreneurship,\nand mitigate potential push factors which risk\nindividuals resorting to negative coping mechanisms\nor premature returns to Ukraine, especially by\npersons at heightened risk, due to the inability to\ncover their basic needs. This is particularly important\ngiven that approximately **21%** of respondents who\nreported an intention to return to Ukraine in the near\nfuture indicated having to consider return to Ukraine\ndue to economic reasons or the need to access basic\nservices, despite reporting fears surrounding their\npotential return due to the ongoing international\narmed conflict.\n\n\n\nRefugees should be empowered to make free\nand informed choices about potential return to\nUkraine. This may include sharing information about\nconditions and available assistance in areas of origin,\ncounselling individuals on their ability to re-enter host\ncountries following a return journey and providing\nadequate support whilst refugees remain in countries\nof asylum.\n\n\nGiven the high levels of family separation as well\nas the importance of staying informed about the\ncurrent situation in Ukraine, including with a view to\npotential future returns, calls for a flexible approach\nto refugee visits to Ukraine to see family, check on\nproperty, arrange for necessary documents, prepare\nto return or for other reasons. Legal status and access\nto rights in host countries should not be prematurely\nwithdrawn as a result of decisions to travel to Ukraine.\n\n\n\n5 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Context\n\n\n\nSince the onset of the Russian Federation\u2019s invasion\nof Ukraine, nearly **one-third of Ukrainians** have\nbeen forced from their homes, which represents\none of the largest human displacement crises in the\n\n\n\nto basic services such as health, water, electricity\nand gas supplies. Within Ukraine, **nearly 7 million**\n**people remain displaced** by the war.\u00b3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n# Methodology\n\n\n\n**Protection monitoring** is a core UNHCR activity\nwhich is carried out to systematically collect\ninformation on the key risks, threats, barriers to\nenjoyment of rights and other challenges affecting\nrefugees, among other population groups. The\nresults of protection monitoring allow UNHCR\nand partners to base responses on the resulting\nevidence and additionally places the experiences\nand perspectives of refugees at the centre of needs\nassessments, programming and advocacy.\n\n\nTo strengthen and promote an evidence-based\nprotection response, UNHCR and its partners have\nimplemented a Protection Profiling and Monitoring\nexercise to regularly collect and analyze data about\nthe profiles, needs and intentions of refugees\nfrom Ukraine and monitor changes over time. This\n\n\n\nreport presents the main results based on **over**\n**34,000 interviews** conducted between **May and**\n**September 2022** in **Bulgaria, Belarus, Hungary,**\n**Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and**\n**Slovakia** .\n\n\nInterviews are conducted in different locations,\nincluding border and transit locations, reception\nand transit centres, collective sites, and information\nand assistance points in major cities. Trained\nenumerators from UNHCR and partners digitally\ncollected the data through Kobo Toolbox, which is\nsafely stored in a UNHCR server. Respondents are\nidentified in the selected locations and asked for\ntheir consent to be interviewed using a harmonized\nregional questionnaire.\n\n\n\n**RESPONDENTS BY COUNTRY** **PLACES OF DATA COLLECTION**\n\n\n\n(7%)\n\n\n\nPoland\n\nMoldova\n\nRomania\n\nSlovakia\n\nBelarus\n\nHungary\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n\n1,390\n\n540\n\n127\n\n\n\n18,626\n\n\n\nCollective sites\n\n\nBorder point\n(9%)\n\n\nTransport hubs\n(17%)\n\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\nPrivate\naccommodation\n(3%)\n\nAssistance point\n(33%)\n\n\nTransit centres\n(19%)\n\n\n\n5,038\n\n4,527\n\n3,909\n\n\n\nThe results presented in this report must be\ninterpreted according to the limitations of the\nmethodology and given the context of ongoing\nmovements, particularly:\n\n\n- While the random selection of respondents and\ndiversification in places of data collection are\nused to reduce potential bias and ensure the\nsample covers different segments and profiles of\nthe target population, results cannot necessarily\nbe extrapolated to the population of refugees\nfrom Ukraine as a whole, given the nonprobabilistic sampling method used.\n\n- Considering ongoing population movements,\nand given that the distribution of number of\n\n\n\ninterviews per country reflects in general the\ndistribution of total estimated number of\nrefugees from Ukraine recorded in the selected\ncountries (except for Bulgaria, where the\nexercise started later and is currently scaling up),\ncountry samples have not been weighted for this\nregional analysis.\n\n\n\n\n- The results reflect refugees\u2019 situation, needs and\nintentions at the time of data collection, which\nmay subsequently change depending on a wide\nrange of factors.\n\n\n\n\n- Most enumerators were Ukrainian and/or\nRussian speakers, which could have limited\ninterviews with refugees from other nationalities.\n\n\n\n9 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Profiling and Monitoring\nexercise", - "confidence": 0.7222514748573303, - "start": 107, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.5287618041038513, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9496464729309082, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6997293829917908, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5832954049110413, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.5994867086410522, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo Toolbox", - "confidence": 0.8272464275360107, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8124438524246216, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.680314302444458, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.8891129493713379, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "harmonized\nregional questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6245858669281006, - "start": 269, - "end": 272 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.616280734539032, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.8893271684646606, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5750845670700073, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5974566340446472, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nfrom Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5065313577651978, - "start": 418, - "end": 421 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "country samples", - "confidence": 0.7408842444419861, - "start": 484, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7654500603675842, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8056479692459106, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Demographic and displacement patterns\n\n#### **Demographics**\n\n\n\nAn absolute majority **(99%)** of respondents were\ncitizens of Ukraine, most of them women **(86%)** .\n\n\nRespondents usually travelled from Ukraine\naccompanied ( **74%** ), mainly by close family\nmembers ( **91%** ). Comparing those travelling alone\nversus those travelling accompanied, a higher\nproportion were males ( **20% vs 12%** ), a lower\n\n\n\nproportion were aged between 35 to 59 years old\n( **47% vs 56%** ) and a lower proportion were aged 60\nyears or more ( **25% vs 14%** ). Women and children\nrepresented **88%** of all family members that left\nUkraine together and **13%** of all family members\nwere older persons. Among those who travelled\naccompanied, around **5%** of respondents reported\ntravelling with unrelated children.\n\n\n\n**NATIONALITY AND GENDER** **IMMEDIATE FAMILY AGE GROUP AND GENDER***\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\n**99%**\nare Ukrainians\n\n\nof respondents\nwere females\n\n\n\n_*including the respondent_\n\n\n\n10 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS", - "confidence": 0.7363151907920837, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9954801797866821, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.6604844331741333, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of respondents had a tertiary level of\n###### **75%**\neducation (university level **46%** and vocational level\n**29%** ). **Almost three quarters of respondents** ( **73%** )\nwere employed before leaving Ukraine, while **13%**\nwere retired, **8%** engaged in family responsibilities\nand **5%** unemployed.\n\n\n\nFor respondents who were employed prior to\ndeparting Ukraine, they reported having diverse\nprofessional experience, particularly in the\neducation, services and trade sectors as well as in\nhealthcare.\n\n\n\n**EDUCATION LEVEL** **TOP OCCUPATIONAL SECTORS***\n\n\n\n11%\n\n11%\n\n\n\nUniversity\n\nVocational\n\nSecondary\n\nPost university\n\nNo education\n\nPrimary\n\n\n\n46%\n\n\n\nWholesale & retail\n\nEducation\n\nHealthcare\n\nConstruction\n\nBeauty salon\n\nHotel & restaurant\n\nSocial services\n\n\nPublic administration\n\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n1%\n\n1%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n3%\n\n3%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n4%\n\n4%\n\n\n\nData demonstrates some changes in the profile of\nrespondents depending on the date of departure\nfrom Ukraine. In particular, comparing those who\ndeparted more recently (July-to-September)\nagainst those who departed at the beginning of the\n\n\n\n\n_* Multiple responses possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\ninternational conflict (February-to-March), we find\nthat: a higher proportion are males ( **24% vs 8%** ); a\nlower proportion have university level education\n( **39% vs 53%** ); and a higher proportion travelled\nalone ( **32% vs 18%** ).\n\n\n\n11 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.7978630065917969, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.977910578250885, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9945005178451538, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Displacement patterns**\n\n\n\n**Around half** of respondents were forced to leave\ntheir place of origin between end-February and\nMarch 2022. The overall top three places of origin\nwere **Odeska** and **Kharkivska oblasts** and **Kyiv city** .\n\n\nA majority of refugees originating from **Kyiv City,**\n**Kyivska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Zhytomyrska,**\n\n\n\n**Zaporizka and Dnipropetrovska oblasts** left their\nhomes in the beginning of the crisis in February\nand March, whilst those originating from **Odeska,**\n**Mykolaivska, Khersonska, Donetska, Luhanska**\nwere more likely to have left between April and\nSeptember 2022.\n\n\n\n**DATE OF DEPARTURE** **TOP PLACES OF ORIGIN**\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n8%\n\n\n\n11% 11%\n7% 8%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\nOdeska\n\nKharkivska\n\nKyiv city\n\nDonetska\n\nDnipropetrovska\n\nMykolaivska\n\nZaporizka\n\nKhersonska\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nKyivska\n\nFeb Mar Apri May Jun Jul Aug Sep\n\nLvivska 3%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n4%\n\n\n\n**17%** of respondents were displaced in Ukraine before leaving the country. People originating from **Luhanska,**\n**Donetska, Kharkivska, Kyivska, Khersonska, Chernihivska oblasts** and **Kyiv City** were more often displaced in\nUkraine before deciding to leave the country.\n\n\n**15% of respondents** transited through at least one other country before arriving to their current host country;\nhowever, for those interviewed in Bulgaria and Belarus the large majority ( **94% and 82%** ) transited through\nanother country, in contrast to those interviewed in Moldova and Hungary ( **3% and 7%** ). The main observed\nroutes by country were as follows:\n\n\n\n\n- **Poland: 12%** of respondents transited through\nother countries, half of whom travelled through\nRussia and subsequently Belarus and/or Baltic\ncountries, while the rest arrived via other\nneighboring countries (Moldova, Romania,\nHungary and/or Slovakia). Most refuges who\ntravelled through Russia originated from\n**Donetska, Khersonska, Kharkivska, Luhanska**\nand **Zaporizka** oblasts.\n\n- **Romania: 25%** of respondents transited through\nother countries, and among them **83%** travelled\nthrough Moldova.\n\n\n\n\n- **Slovakia: 16%** of respondents transited through\nother countries, and among them **52%** travelled\nthrough Poland, while the rest arrived via other\nneighboring countries (Moldova, Romania,\nHungary)\n\n- **Belarus: 82%** of respondents transited through\nother countries, and among them **61%** travelled\nthrough Poland and **39%** through Russia.\n\n- **Bulgaria: 94%** of respondents transited through\nother countries, and among them **80%** travelled\nthrough Romania.\n\n\n\n**23% of respondents** had been back to Ukraine at least once since their initial departure.\n\n\n12 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DATE OF DEPARTURE", - "confidence": 0.5702160596847534, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5461104512214661, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8220197558403015, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Protection overview\n\n#### **Family separations and support networks**\n\n\n\nThe majority of respondents ( **78%** ) reported that\nthey had been separated from some of their\nimmediate family members as a result of their\ndeparture from Ukraine, the primary reason being\n\n\n\nlimitations on freedom of movement for men due\nto martial law. The second most cited reason for\nseparation was family members not wanting to\nleave their homes.\n\n\n\n**FAMILY SEPARATION** **FAMILY SEPARATION REASONS***\n\n\nMilitary conscription\n\n\n\n56%\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\nsepareted from other\n\nfamily members\n\n\n\nDid not want to leave\n\n\nUnable to move/travel\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n\n_* Multiple responses possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\n\nFamily separation in a refugee context can\nexacerbate several protection risks including\ngender-based violence, human trafficking,\nexploitation, isolation and trauma. This is particularly\nthe case for persons at heightened risk, including\nbut not limited to unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, persons with serious medical conditions,\nolder persons and persons with disabilities. In\naddition, only **12%** of respondents reported that\nthey had family members in their current host\n\n\n\ncountry, which may indicate limited formal support\nnetworks and a potential for increased vulnerability\nin the current context. More than half of\nrespondents who had family members in the host\ncountry mentioned that this was their main\nmotivation for choosing this country of destination.\nHouseholds travelling with dependents \u2013 infants,\nchildren and/or older persons \u2013 were more likely to\nreport plans to remain in their current location.\n\n\n\n13 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Persons with Specific Needs**\n\n\n\n**24% of respondents** reported having at least one\nfamily member with specific needs. Disability was\nthe most frequently reported specific need ( **12%** ),\nfollowed by family members with serious medical\nconditions ( **11%** ) and older persons with specific\nprotection risks ( **10%** ).\n\n\n**Slovakia and Romania** had the highest reported\nnumber of households with at least one person with\nspecific needs ( **30% and 26%** ), whilst **Belarus and**\n**Hungary** had the lowest ( **13%** ).\n\n\n**Healthcare** was highlighted as one of the top\npriority needs by respondents who had family\nmembers with specific needs, along with **cash**\nand **accommodation** . Such respondents were\nmore likely to reside in collective accommodation\nor transit/reception centres rather than rented or\nhosted accommodation, which may indicate lower\nlevels of financial means, lower levels of access to\nsupport networks in host countries and subsequent\nincreased vulnerability as compared to other\nsections of the refugee population.\n\n\nFocus group discussions have further revealed that\nsituation of families with specific needs has been\ngradually deteriorating with a lack of resources\n\n\n\nand limited access to job markets. Older persons\nand persons with disabilities who faced disruption\nor loss of family and income were in particular\nneed of in-person information on how to access\nsocial services and additional support.\u2074 Language\nassistance when accessing healthcare and relevant\nservices has also been highlighted as a need for\nthese groups.\n\n\nRefugees taking care of persons with specific needs\nand children highlighted difficulties in accessing\njob markets and available opportunities due to the\nneed to provide care at home. This would often\nexacerbate their vulnerability, especially if they\ndid not have additional support from their family\nmembers or networks.\n\n\n**RESPONDENTS WITH AT LEAST 1 FAMILY MEMBER AT**\n**HEIGHTENED RISKS**\n\n\n\nDisability\n\n\nMedical conditions\n\n\nOlder persons\n\n\n\n11%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n4. UNHCR 2022: Refugees from Ukraine in Poland \u2013 Profiling Update (June): https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94977\n\n\n14 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Persons with Specific Needs", - "confidence": 0.790257453918457, - "start": 6, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7949749827384949, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "priority needs by respondents", - "confidence": 0.5858930945396423, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host countries", - "confidence": 0.6078759431838989, - "start": 215, - "end": 217 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.7630547881126404, - "start": 228, - "end": 230 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Documentation**\n\n\n\n**94% of respondents** reported that they had\ntravelled from Ukraine with their national passports,\nwith **74%** of them carrying biometric international\npassports, **7%** non-biometric international passports\nand **19%** internal (non-international) passports. The\nUkrainian biometric international passport accords\ngreater freedom of movement to its holders,\n\n\n\nparticularly within the Schengen area where it is\npossible for holders to move between countries\nwithout first obtaining a visa. Those travelling\nwithout passports ( **6%** ) reported having ID cards\nand/or birth certificates with them, with **1%** of\nrespondents reporting that they did not have any of\nthese documents.\n\n\n\n**DOCUMENTS CARRYING DURING TRAVEL** **PASSPORT TYPE***\n\n\n\nNational passport\n\n\nId Card\n\n\nBirth certificate\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\n94%\n\n\n\nBiometric\n\n\nInternal\n\n\nNon-biometric\n\n\n\n74%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\nAt the end of 2021, UNHCR estimated as many as\n35,815 persons under its statelessness mandate\nin Ukraine.\u2075 Moreover, according to the Ukrainian\nGovernment\u2019s statistics, 6,047 stateless persons\nwere legally residing in Ukraine at the end of\n2021.\u2076\n\n\nIn addition, according to unofficial estimates\nof international and civil society organizations,\nthere are between 200,000 and 400,000 Roma\npeople living in Ukraine. Between 4 to 8% of the\nRoma community are believed to lack the civil\ndocumentation needed to acquire or confirm their\nUkrainian citizenship.\u2077 In addition, children born\nin non-government controlled areas (NGCA) face\nchallenges in accessing civil documentation issued\nby the Government of Ukraine, placing them at\nrisk of being unable to confirm their Ukrainian\ncitizenship as documents issued in the NGCA are\nnot legally recognized.\n\n\n\n\n_* Due to rounding some percent totals do not add up to 100%._\n\n\nChallenges for stateless persons and those at risk\nof statelessness include an increased risk of being\ndetained or forcibly returned due to lack of proof\nof identity, nationality or country of origin; greater\nrestrictions on freedom of movement; difficulties\nin accessing registration and legal status due to\nlack of documentation; challenges in returning to\nUkraine in case of lack of documentation; difficulties\nin accessing financial or humanitarian aid for which\ndocumentation may be required; fears among\nstateless individuals to approach authorities or\nlocal community for assistance due to longstanding\nmarginalization. Whilst some data on temporary\nprotection granted to stateless persons who\nfled Ukraine has been published, the systematic\nidentification of stateless persons remains a gap.\n\n\n\n5. UNHCR 2022: Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2021. [https://www.unhcr.org/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021](https://www.unhcr.org/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021)\n6. UNHCR, Stateless persons: [https://www.unhcr.org/ua/en/stateless-persons](https://www.unhcr.org/ua/en/stateless-persons)\n7. Ibid.\n\n\n15 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukrainian\nGovernment\u2019s statistics", - "confidence": 0.6869117617607117, - "start": 219, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5166462063789368, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9755761027336121, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7287007570266724, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9165919423103333, - "start": 228, - "end": 230 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on temporary\nprotection granted to stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.5375407934188843, - "start": 462, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9839158654212952, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.581140398979187, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.8868597745895386, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Situation in host countries and priority** **needs**\n\n\n\nRefugees reported **safety, family ties and**\n**employment opportunities** as their top three\nmotivations for arriving to the current host country.\n**Family ties** were more frequently reported as a\nreason by respondents in Belarus and Moldova,\nwhile **employment opportunities** were highlighted\nmore often by respondents in Hungary.\n\n\nWhilst **cash** was identified as the most common\nurgent need, it should be noted that cash is viewed\nas a modality in order to meet other basic needs.\nIn this respect, it is likely that the need for cash\nis strongly correlated to the other urgent needs:\nemployment and accommodation, amongst\nothers, including healthcare. **Accommodation**\nwas identified as the most urgent need in Slovakia\nwhilst **employment** was the top need in Hungary. In\naddition, **healthcare** was mentioned as one of the\nthree priority needs in Moldova and Romania.\n\n\nThe majority of respondents **(66%)** were staying in\nhosted or rented accommodation, while **30%** were\nstaying in collective or planned sites (including\ntemporary accommodation in reception / transit\ncenters). Refugees were more likely to stay in\ncollective or planned accommodation in **Hungary**\nand **Romania** . **One third of respondents** were living\nin rented accommodation, with lower proportions in\n**Moldova** and **Romania** .\n\n\n**Accommodation** is likely to become a pressing\nneed, as rental costs and energy prices continue\nto increase in refugee-hosting countries. Focus\ngroup discussions highlighted confusion amongst\nparticipants on whether current host state\nsubsidies for accommodation will continue in the\nlonger term, adding to a sense of insecurity and\nuncertainty around their shelter options. Whilst\n**53%** of respondents reported that they were living\nin rented or hosted accommodation, the fact that\naccommodation continues to be reported as a\nkey need even for this group indicates that these\narrangements may not be secure in the longer term.\n\n\nFocus group discussions highlighted **challenges**\n**with women accessing employment** due to a lack\n\n\n\nof daycare, kindergarten places and other childcare\narrangements, including for school-going children.\nGiven the high levels of family separation and single\nfemale caregivers, addressing this challenge will\nbe key to enhance economic inclusion amongst\nrefugees. In addition, challenges relating to **lack of**\n**knowledge of local languages** and **lack of support**\n**for persons with disabilities to integrate into the**\n**labor market** were highlighted as affecting access\nto decent work.\n\n\n\n**URGENT NEEDS***\n\n\n1st choice 2nd choice 3rd choice\n\n\n\nCash\n\n\nEmployment\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\nMaterial assistance\n\n\nHealthcare\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nFood\n\n\nFamily reunification\n\n\nLegal advice\n\n\nInformation avout services\n\n\nTransportation\n\n\nPsychosocial support\n\n\nA way to contact family\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* Multiple responses possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\n**CURRENT ACCOMMODATION**\n\n\nHosting accommodation\n\n\nRented accommodation\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n32%\n\n\n\nCollective site\n\n\nReception centre\n\n\nPlanned site\n\n\nTransit centre\n\n\nOther\n\n\nI do not have anywhere to stay\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n16 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS", - "confidence": 0.6966320872306824, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6715033650398254, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9830984473228455, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus\ngroup discussions", - "confidence": 0.9967908263206482, - "start": 335, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9192293882369995, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Information Needs**\n\n\n\nThe majority of respondents indicated their\nmain information needs related to **financial**\n**aid, job opportunities,** **medical care, legal**\n**status,** **accommodation** and **education** . Focus\ngroup discussion participants echoed these key\ninformation needs, including on the possibility to\naccess relevant social protection schemes and a\nlack of information on the right to healthcare and\nhow health services can be accessed.\n\n\n**55%** of respondents had high levels of digital\nawareness and preferred to receive information on\navailable services and opportunities related to their\npriority needs by **social media**, followed by **phone**\n\n\n\nand **in-person information** . **Facebook, Telegram**\n**and Viber** were the **top three** preferred digital\nways of communication. Focus group participants\nemphasised their need to receive detailed\ninformation on their rights in their host countries in\nwritten form, on posters and via Telegram.\n\n\n**Around a quarter** of respondents preferred\nreceiving in-person information or getting advice\nfrom their friends or family. People who are **over**\n**60 years of age** are more interested to receive\ninformation in person or from their friends and\nfamily, in comparison to other respondents.\n\n\n\n**INFORMATION NEEDS*** **PREFERRED INFORMATION CHANNEL***\n\n\n\nFinancial aid\n\nJob opportunities\n\nMedical care\n\nLegal status\n\nAccomodation\n\nEducation\n\nDocumentation\n\nPsychological support\n\nHow to claim asylum\n\nOther\n\nContact with relatives\n\n\n\n6%\n\n4%\n\n4%\n\n3%\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n\nSocial media\n\n\nBy phone\n\n\nIn person information\n\n\nOrganisation websites\n\n\nFrom friends/family\n\n\nGovernment websites\n\n\nWritten information\n\n\nRadio\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n39%\n\n34%\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n\n28%\n\n26%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n\n_* Multiple responses possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\n17 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Intentions**\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\nWhile most refugees surveyed hope to return to\nUkraine one day,\u2079 for **the time being the majority**\n( **63%** ) of respondents reported plans to **stay in**\n**their current host country**, with safety, family ties\nand employment as main reasons for choosing\nand staying in those countries. People **staying in**\n**collective accommodation (including reception /**\n**transit centres)** were less likely to stay in the host\ncountry long term and were considering either\nreturning back to Ukraine or moving onwards.\n**Families with children** were more likely to continue\nstaying in the host country.\n\n\n\n**NEAR FUTURE INTENTIONS**\n\n\nStay in host country\n\n\nDon't know\n\n\nReturn to Ukraine\n\n\nMove to another host country\n\n\n\n63%\n\n\n\n9. 81% of respondents express their continued hope to return to Ukraine one day - UNHCR 2022: Lives on Hold: Intentions and\nPerspectives of Refugees from Ukraine #2 (page 3): [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n\n\n18 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nOnly **13%** reported plans to **return to Ukraine** in the\nnear future, but **63%** of those were uncertain as to\nwhen exactly they would do it. A higher proportion\nreported plans to return among those originating\nfrom Kyiv city ( **19%** ). The main reasons behind\nintention to return was the perception that the\nsituation had improved in their place of origin ( **24%** ),\nfollowed by financial reasons ( **13%** ) and a desire\nto go back home and reunite with family members\n( **10%** ). Among those originating from Kyiv city, a\nhigher proportion than average ( **20%** ) reported that\nthe were planning to return as advised by family\n\n\n\nmembers, whilst among those originating from\neastern oblasts a higher proportion ( **31%** ) reported\nthe main reason was perceived improved situation.\n\n\nOut of those planning to return, **88%** were intending\nto go back to the **same oblast** they were residing in\nbefore 24 February 2022, although the proportion\nvaried from **80%** among those previously residing\nin eastern oblasts to **91** to **93%** among those\npreviously living in southern and western oblasts\nand Kyiv city. Those not wanting to return to Ukraine\ncited **safety** and **fear of war** as their primary\nconcern.\n\n\n\n**WHY: REASONS TO RETURN** **WHEN: PLANNING TO RETURN** **CONCERNS ABOUT RETURNING**\n\n\nNo\n\n\n\nImproved situation 24%\n\nUncertain 70%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\nUncertain\n\n\n\n70%\n\n\n\nFinancial reasons\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\nReunite with family\n\nOther\n\nFamily visit\n\nAdvised by family\n\nFamily evacuation\n\nEmployment\n\nEducation\n\n\n\n10%\n\n10%\n\n9%\n\n7%\n\n6%\n\n5%\n\n3%\n\n\n\nThis month\n\n\nAfter a month\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**WHY: MAIN REASONS TO MOVE** **WHEN: PLANNING TO MOVE** **WHERE TO: TOP 5 DESTINATION**\n\n\n\nFamily ties\n\n\nSafety\n\n\nEmployment\n\n\nCommunity ties\n\n\nAsylum procedure\n\n\nAdvised\n\n\nOther\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nLanguage\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\nThis month\n\n\nUncertain\n\n\nAfter a month\n\n\n\n70%\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nCanada\n\n\nNorway\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nFrance\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n**10%** of respondents reported plans to **move to**\n**another host country** and **14%** were uncertain\nabout their plans. Those planning to move to the\n\n\n\nthird countries cited the reasons of **family ties**,\n**safety** and **employment** as primary reasons. The\nmain country of destination was Germany ( **27%** ).10\n\n\n\n10. More detailed information on intentions of refugees from Ukraine can be found at UNHCR 2022: Lives on Hold: Profiles and\nIntentions of Refugees from Ukraine #1, [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176, and UNHCR 2022: Lives on Hold:](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176)\n[Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine #2, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n\n\n19 R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 6 O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS", - "confidence": 0.5572134852409363, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6433653235435486, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.711714506149292, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\nREGIONAL PROTECTION ANALYSIS # 1\n\n###### Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania & Slovakia 26 October 2022\n\n\n**UNHCR** Regional Bureau for Europe\nrbeext@unhcr.org\n[www.unhcr.org/europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe)\n\n\nFor further information visit the UNHCR Operational Data\n[Portal for Ukraine: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/303c55b5-2a90-45a1-bbb4-2af67f7e1e68/20221014%20Displacement%20Patterns%2C%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Needs%20of%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_340/raw/doc_340_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_340/raw/doc_340_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1d0122e7a7f8e70c02c398a3859c62b66d54b89e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_340/raw/doc_340_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **March 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9ea11d35-6814-44aa-92cb-d624b8168cd1/EHF_2023_EiE_Advocacy_Note_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Unprecedented school closures jeopardise the future of millions in West and Central Africa\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nBFA CAF CMR DRC MLI NER NGA TCD\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023*\n\n\n_Sources: ACLED, Insecurity Insight, GCPEA._\n\n\n\n\n- A total of 90 incidents against education between January and March 2023\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: ACLED, Period January 1st - March 3rd, 2023._\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9ea11d35-6814-44aa-92cb-d624b8168cd1/EHF_2023_EiE_Advocacy_Note_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Unprecedented school closures jeopardise the future of millions in West and Central Africa\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\nSchools closed from 2019 to 2023\n\nCentral Sahel (BFA, MLI, NER) Central Sahel + CMR, NGA, CAR, DRC, TCD\n\n15000\n\n\n13500\n\n\n12000\n\n\n10500\n\n\n9000\n\n\n7500\n\n\n6000\n\n\n4500\n\n\n3000\n\n\n1500\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nJan-19 May-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Jul-20 Jul-21 Dec-21 Jan-22 Mar-22 Apr-22 May-22 Sep-22 Dec-22 Feb-23\n\n\n### **Recommendations**\n\nIn line with the United Nations Security Council\u2019s Resolution\n2601 on the protection of schools in armed conflict [1], we call\non governments, all parties to conflict and the international\ncommunity to:\n\n\n**1- Adopt holistic, integrated and multisectoral approaches**\n**to the implementation of the Safe Schools protocols and**\n**frameworks**\n\n- Governments should ensure that decision making bodies,\nand inclusive and transparent coordination mechanisms are put\nin place and functioning to operationalize and implement the\nSafe School Declaration (SSD) [2] .\n\n- Governments and the international community should\nensure stronger cooperation and coordination between\nprotection and education stakeholders for the development of\noperational strategies for the prevention and mitigation of the\nimpact of attacks on education.\n\n- Governments should take a holistic view to build school\nresilience in the face of conflict, disasters, and climate\nchange, by seeking to optimize the institutional, technical and\n\n\n**1** [United Nations Security Council (2021). Resolution 2601 on the protection of schools](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2601.pdf)\n\n[in armed confict.](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2601.pdf)\n**2** GCPEA (2015). [Safe Schools Declaration.](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)\n\n\n\nimplementation convergence and synergies of the SSD with\nother relevant frameworks, such as the Comprehensive School\nSafety Framework (CSSF) [3], the Safe to Learn initiative [4], and\nthe Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE)\nMinimum Standards [5], as appropriate.\n\n\n**2- Immediately negotiate the non-occupation of schools by**\n**parties to conflict and re-opening of closed schools**\n\n- Governments should take concrete measures - for\nexample, through legislation, standing orders, and training - to\nend the military use of schools, and at a minimum, implement\nthe Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from\nMilitary Use During Armed Conflict [6] .\n\n- The international community should ensure that civil\nmilitary coordination mechanisms document the military use\nof schools and rapidly identify concrete measures to end it.\n\n\n**3** GADRRRES (2022). [Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030.](https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Comprehensive-School-Safety-Framework-2022-2030-for-Child-Rights-and-Resilience-in-the-Education-Sector.pdf)\n**4** [Global Partnership and Fund to End Violence Against Children (2016). Safe to Learn](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n\n[initiative.](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n**5** INEE (2010). [Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response, Recov-](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n\n[ery.](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n**6** GCPEA (2014). [Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n[during Armed Confict.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9ea11d35-6814-44aa-92cb-d624b8168cd1/EHF_2023_EiE_Advocacy_Note_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Unprecedented school closures jeopardise the future of millions in West and Central Africa\n\n\n- Governments and the international community should use\nthe SSD to push Non-State Armed Group leaders to respect\nInternational Humanitarian Law by issuing command orders,\nadopting internal policies, creating a code of conduct, or signing\nand implement Geneva Call\u2019s Deed of Commitment for the\nProtection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict [7] .\nThese initiatives should include, at a minimum, commitments to\nstop recruitment and use of children under 18 years of age, and\nto prevent sexual and gender-based violence by combatants\n(including by halting all forced and child marriages).\n\n- Governments and partners should immediately negotiate\nthe reopening of closed schools through community-based\nmediation and negotiation approaches.\n\n\n**3- Develop and implement response plans based on**\n**quantitative & qualitative data, prioritizing the most at risk**\n\n- Governments, international humanitarian and development\norganizations, and civil society should implement the Global\nCoalition to Protect Education from Attack's Toolkit for\nCollecting and Analyzing Data on Attacks on Education [8] to\nidentify monitoring and reporting gaps.\n\n- Based on the gaps identified, governments should establish\nmechanisms to reinforce monitoring and reporting of attacks\non education (including incidents of sexual violence and\nspecific threats to female students and teachers) with:\n\n - Disaggregated data by type of attack on\neducation, sex, age, location, person or group responsible;\nnumber of days the school was closed (as a result of a direct\nattack or of threats made against teachers and students);\n\n - Type of school to improve efforts to prevent and\nrespond to attacks on education.\n\n- Governments and the international community should\nestablish early warning systems and emergency response plans\n(in consultation with school communities), build the capacity\nof education personnel and train children and teachers in\nself-protection, including through the Safe Schools Common\nApproach [9] .\n\n- Governments and the international community should\nincreasingly prioritize children living in hard-to-reach areas,\nas well as other marginalized children, including internally\ndisplaced children and refugees.\n\n- Coastal countries (Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast and\nTogo) should urgently strengthen all prevention and response\nplans to protect schools and educational continuity in the event\nof a rapid deterioration of the security situation.\n\n\n**7** [Geneva Call (2013). Deed of Commitment for the Protection of Children from the](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n\n[Effects of Armed Confict.](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n**8** GCPEA (2021). [Toolkit for Collecting and Analyzing Data on Attacks on Education.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n**9** [Transforming Education Summit (2022). Safe Schools Common Approach.](https://transformingeducationsummit.sdg4education2030.org/SafeSchoolsCommonApproach)\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**4- Reinforce alternative, innovative, accelerated, and flexible**\n**learning solutions for educational continuity**\n\n- Governments and partners should introduce or expand\ninitiatives that promote continued learning for children who\nhave had to drop out of school or those that have had long\ninterruptions in their learning on the other. This requires\nministries to be flexible in their approaches and requires\npartners to be innovative and experiment with various alternative\neducation options including distance learning.\n\n- Education stakeholders need to work with Koranic education\nstructures, understanding that they are often the only ones\nthat remain open in the current context where education is\nunder attack, promote the inclusion of foundational literacy and\nnumeracy therein, and support pathways to continued education\nfor their learners.\n\n\n**5- Expand and improve psychosocial support to children, their**\n**teachers, and caregivers**\n\n- Governments and partners should provide increased group\nand individual psychosocial and socioemotional learning\nsupport to stressed and traumatized children and their teachers,\nrecognizing that the former cannot learn, and the latter cannot\nteach.\n\n**6- Increase predictable flexible and long-term financing for**\n**education in emergencies**\n\n- Ministries of education should advocate to ministries of\nfinance and budget for increased budget allocations that allow\nfor flexible disbursements.\n\n- Donors should promote synergies and complementarities\nof funding to ensure the best usage thereof, and fund specific\nmeasures to prevent, mitigate, and respond to attacks on\neducation across the development-humanitarian nexus.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9ea11d35-6814-44aa-92cb-d624b8168cd1/EHF_2023_EiE_Advocacy_Note_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_341/raw/doc_341_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_341/raw/doc_341_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index abf5893ab2ee8b088d1660df975857b63b4803f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_341/raw/doc_341_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR News**\n\n\nHQP100\nP.O. Box 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2\nTel +41 22 739 85 02\nFax +41 22 739 73 14\nwww.unhcr.org\n@RefugeesMedia\n\n\n# PRESS RELEASE\n\n**PLACE: Geneva** **DATE: 18 June 2015**\n\n\n**EMBARGOED \u2013 NOT FOR USE BEFORE 0500 GMT ON 18 JUNE 2015**\n**UNHCR GLOBAL TRENDS REPORT, PRESS RELEASE**\n**UNHCR warns of dangerous new era in worldwide displacement as report shows**\n**almost 60 million people forced to flee their homes**\n\n\nA UNHCR report, released today, shows that worldwide displacement from wars, conflict,\nand persecution is at the highest levels we have recorded, and accelerating fast.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s new annual Global Trends report shows a sharp escalation in the number of\npeople forced to flee their homes, with 59.5 million people forcibly displaced at the end\nof 2014 compared to 51.2 million a year earlier and 37.5 million a decade ago. The\nincrease since 2013 was the highest ever seen in a single year.\n\n\nThe main acceleration has been since early 2011 when war erupted in Syria, propelling\nit into becoming the world\u2019s single largest driver of displacement. In 2014, an average of\n42,500 people became refugees, asylum seekers, or internally displaced every day,\nrepresenting a four-fold increase in just four years. Worldwide, one in every 122 humans\nis now either a refugee, internally displaced, or seeking asylum. Were this the population\nof a country, it would be the world\u2019s 24th biggest.\n\n\n\u201cWe are witnessing a paradigm change, an unchecked slide into an era in which the\nscale of global forced displacement as well as the response required is now clearly\ndwarfing anything seen before,\u201d said UN High Commissioner for Refugees Ant\u00f3nio\nGuterres. \u201cIt is terrifying that on the one hand there is more and more impunity for those\nstarting conflicts, and on the other there is seeming utter inability of the international\ncommunity to work together to stop wars and build and preserve peace.\u201d\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s report shows that in region after region, the number of refugees and internally\ndisplaced people is on the rise. In the past five years, at least 15 conflicts have erupted\nor reignited: Eight in Africa (C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Central African Republic, Libya, Mali,\nnortheastern Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and this year in\nBurundi); three in the Middle East (Syria, Iraq, and Yemen); one in Europe (Ukraine) and\nthree in Asia (Kyrgyzstan, and in several areas of Myanmar and Pakistan). Few of these\ncrises have been resolved and most still generate new displacement. In 2014 just\n126,800 refugees were able to return to their home countries, the lowest number in 31\nyears.\n\n\nMeanwhile, decades-old instability and conflict in Afghanistan, Somalia and elsewhere\nmeans that millions of people from these places remain either on the move or \u2013 and\nincreasingly commonly \u2013 stranded for years on the peripheries of society and amid the\ncrippling uncertainty of being long-term internally displaced or refugees. Among recent\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85958138-1c4f-38cd-8deb-b74f4159437a/EMBARGOED-UNHCR-GLOBAL-TRENDS-PRESS-RELEASE-18-JUNE-2015-AT-0500-GMT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR News**\n\n\nHQP100\nP.O. Box 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2\nTel +41 22 739 85 02\nFax +41 22 739 73 14\nwww.unhcr.org\n@RefugeesMedia\n\n\n# PRESS RELEASE\n\nand highly visible consequences of the world\u2019s conflicts and the terrible suffering they\ncause has been dramatic growth in numbers of refugees seeking safety by undertaking\ndangerous sea journeys, including on the Mediterranean, in the Gulf of Aden and Red\nSea, and in Southeast Asia.\n\n\n**Half are Children**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Global Trends report shows that in 2014 alone 13.9 million became newly\ndisplaced \u2013 four times the number in 2010. Worldwide there were 19.5 million refugees\n(up from 16.7 million in 2013), 38.2 million were displaced inside their own countries (up\nfrom 33.3 million in 2013), and 1.8 million people were awaiting the outcome of claims\nfor asylum (against 1.2 million in 2013). Alarmingly, over half the world\u2019s refugees are\nchildren.\n\n\n\u201cWith huge shortages of funding and wide gaps in the global regime for protecting\nvictims of war, people in need of compassion, aid and refuge are being abandoned,\u201d\nsaid Guterres. \u201cFor an age of unprecedented mass displacement, we need an\nunprecedented humanitarian response and a renewed global commitment to tolerance\nand protection for people fleeing conflict and persecution.\u201d\n\n\nSyria is the world\u2019s biggest producer of both internally displaced people (7.6 million) and\nrefugees (3.88 million at the end of 2014). Afghanistan (2.59 million) and Somalia (1.1\nmillion) are the next biggest refugee source countries.\n\n\nEven amid such sharp growth in numbers, the global distribution of refugees remains\nheavily skewed away from wealthier nations and towards the less wealthy. Almost nine\nout of every 10 refugees (86 per cent) were in regions and countries considered\neconomically less developed. A full quarter of all refugees were in countries ranking\namong the UN\u2019s list of Least Developed nations.\n\n\n**Europe (up 51%)**\n\n\nConflict in Ukraine, a record 219,000 Mediterranean crossings, and the large number of\nSyrian refugees in Turkey \u2013 which in 2014 became the world\u2019s top refugee-hosting\nnation with 1.59 million Syrian refugees at year\u2019s end \u2013 brought increased public\nattention, both positive and negative, to questions to do with refugees. In the EU, the\nbiggest volume of asylum applications was in Germany and Sweden. Overall, forced\ndisplacement numbers in Europe totalled 6.7 million at the end of the year, compared to\n4.4 million at the end of 2013, and with the largest proportion of this being Syrians in\nTurkey and Ukrainians in the Russian Federation.\n\n\n**Middle East and North Africa (up 19%)**\n\n\nThe massive suffering from Syria\u2019s war, with 7.6 million people displaced internally, and\n3.88 million people displaced into the surrounding region and beyond as refugees, alone\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85958138-1c4f-38cd-8deb-b74f4159437a/EMBARGOED-UNHCR-GLOBAL-TRENDS-PRESS-RELEASE-18-JUNE-2015-AT-0500-GMT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR News**\n\n\nHQP100\nP.O. Box 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2\nTel +41 22 739 85 02\nFax +41 22 739 73 14\nwww.unhcr.org\n@RefugeesMedia\n\n\n# PRESS RELEASE\n\nmade the Middle East the world\u2019s largest producer and host of forced displacement.\nAdding to the alarmingly high totals from Syria was new displacement of least 2.6 million\npeople in Iraq, where as a result 3.6 million people were internally displaced as of the\nend of 2014, as well as 309,000 people newly displaced in Libya.\n\n\n**Sub-Saharan Africa (Up 17%)**\n\n\nOften-overlooked, Africa\u2019s numerous conflicts, including in Central African Republic,\nSouth Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere, together\nproduced immense forced displacement totals in 2014, on a scale only marginally lower\nthan in the Middle East. In all, sub-Saharan Africa had 3.7 million refugees and 11.4\nmillion internally displaced people, 4.5 million of whom were newly displaced in 2014.\nThe 17 per cent overall increase excludes Nigeria, as methodology for counting internal\ndisplacement changed during 2014 making it a statistical outlier . Ethiopia replaced\nKenya as the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and the fifth largest worldwide.\n\n\n**Asia (up 31%)**\n\n\nLong one of the world\u2019s major displacement producing regions, the number of refugees\nand internally displaced people in Asia grew by 31 per cent in 2014 to 9 million people.\nAfghanistan, previously the world\u2019s leading producer of refugees, ceded this sorry\nranking to Syria. Continuing displacement was seen in and from Myanmar in 2014,\nincluding of Rohingya from Rakhine state and in the Kachin and Northern Shan regions.\nIran and Pakistan remained two of the world\u2019s top four refugee hosting countries.\n\n\n**Americas (up 12%)**\n\n\nThe Americas also saw a rise in forced displacement. The number of Colombian\nrefugees dropped by 36,300 to 360,300 over the course of the year, although mainly\nbecause of a revision in numbers of refugees reported by Venezuela. Colombia\ncontinued, nonetheless to have one of the world\u2019s largest internally displaced\npopulations, reported at 6 million people and with 137,000 Colombians being newly\ndisplaced during the year. With more people fleeing gang violence or other forms of\npersecution in Central America, the United States saw 36,800 more asylum claims than\nin 2013, representing growth of 44 per cent.\n\n\nThe full Global Trends report with this information and more, and including data on\nindividual countries, demographics, numbers of people returning to their countries, and\navailable estimates of stateless population is available at\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/2014trends.\n\n\n****\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85958138-1c4f-38cd-8deb-b74f4159437a/EMBARGOED-UNHCR-GLOBAL-TRENDS-PRESS-RELEASE-18-JUNE-2015-AT-0500-GMT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# PRESS RELEASE\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n\n**UNHCR News**\n\n\nHQP100\nP.O. Box 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2\nTel +41 22 739 85 02\nFax +41 22 739 73 14\nwww.unhcr.org\n@RefugeesMedia\n\n\n\n**MEDIA CONTACTS**\n\n\nTo speak to a UNHCR spokesperson about this report:\n\n\n**Headquarters (Geneva)**\n\n\nMelissa Fleming +41 22 739 7965\n\n\nAdrian Edwards +41 79 557 9120\n\n\nBabar Baloch +41 79 557 9106\n\n\nKarin de Gruijl +41 79 255 9213\n\n\nWilliam Spindler +41 79 217 3011\n\n\nLeo Dobbs +41 79 883 6347\n\n\nAndy Needham +41 79 217 3140\n\n\n**Europe**\n\n\nLondon - Andrej Mahecic +44 78 8023 0985\n\n\nParis \u2013 Philippe Leclerc +33 1 44 43 48 50\n\n\nRome \u2013 Carlotta Sami +39 335 679 4746\n\n\nMadrid \u2013 Maria Jesus Vega +34 670 661 263\n\n\nBerlin \u2013 Stefan Teloeken +49 170 416 12 29\n\n\nBudapest \u2013 Kitty McKinsey +36 30 530 9633\n\n\nStockholm \u2013 Markku Aikomus +46 70 89 90 169\n\n\n**Asia-Pacific**\n\n\nBangkok \u2013 Vivian Tan +66 81 827 0280\n\n\nCanberra - Boipelo Besele +61 424 545 569\n\n\nJakarta - Mitra Suryono +62 811 136 1046\n\n\nKuala Lumpur - Yante Ismail +60 13 352 6286\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85958138-1c4f-38cd-8deb-b74f4159437a/EMBARGOED-UNHCR-GLOBAL-TRENDS-PRESS-RELEASE-18-JUNE-2015-AT-0500-GMT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR News**\n\n\nHQP100\nP.O. Box 2500\nCH-1211 Geneva 2\nTel +41 22 739 85 02\nFax +41 22 739 73 14\nwww.unhcr.org\n@RefugeesMedia\n\n\n# PRESS RELEASE\n\n**Middle East**\n\n\nBeirut - Dana Sleiman +961 3 827 323\n\n\nErbil - Bathoul Ahmed +964 7719 945 332\n\n\nUAE - Mohammed Abouasaker +971 50 621 3552\n\n\nAmman \u2013 Aoife McDonnell +962 79 545 0379\n\n\n**Americas**\n\n\nBogota \u2013 Francesca Fontanini +57 312 457 28 04\n\n\nWashington DC \u2013 Shelly Pitterman +1 (202) 243 7611\n\n\nWashington DC \u2013 Lilli Tnaib +1 571 259 1884\n\n\nWashington DC \u2013 Jana Mason +1 (202) 243-7620\n\n\nBrasilia \u2013 Luiz Fernando Godinho +5561 8187 0978\n\n\n**Africa**\n\n\nPretoria \u2013 Tina Ghelli +27 (0) 82 770 4189\n\n\nNairobi \u2013 Teresa Ongaro +254 735 337 608\n\n\n_Don\u2019t see a spokesperson listed near you? Complete UNHCR media contacts can be_\n_found at: http://www.unhcr.org/4a09806215.html._\n\n\n****\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85958138-1c4f-38cd-8deb-b74f4159437a/EMBARGOED-UNHCR-GLOBAL-TRENDS-PRESS-RELEASE-18-JUNE-2015-AT-0500-GMT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_342/raw/doc_342_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_342/raw/doc_342_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c29c1b0ae2c9cea71dbb81548aea333c4adc0c76..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_342/raw/doc_342_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "]\f\ufffd\u0014\f\u0016\u000f\ufffd\u0018!\u0018%\ufffd\u001e\r\f\u0016\ufffd\u0014\f\u0016\u000f\n\n\n)*+*,-./.+/012/1*3.401+567.8.9:/0;/56<8.46=/>?+.8.@?:-212A6\n\n# B\u0003\u0005\ufffd\u0001CDE\u0001\u0007\ufffd\u0001 \ufffd(\u0005F\u0005GC\u0005H\u0006FI\n\n\nJKFL\u0005\ufffdMNOPQ\ufffdR\u0006DKF\ufffdS\u0004\u0005\nKL\u0006\ufffd\u0003\u0006I\ufffdT\u0005L\u0001\u0004\u0005\ufffdID\u0006U\u0005\ufffdD\u0001\ufffd\u0001F\u0005\ufffd\u0001 \ufffdD\u0003\u0005\ufffdH\u0006\nU\u0005ID\n\n\nVKIWH\u0006L\u0005\u0004\u0005FD\ufffdL\nKI\u0005I\ufffdKF\ufffdD\u0003\u0005\ufffd\u0007\u0001\nHVX\ufffdY\f\r\u000f\ufffd\u0012\u0014\u0018\u0019\ufffd\u0012\u0014\r\u000f\u000f\ufffd%\u000f\u0018\r \ufffd\f\u0019\u001a\n\n\n\u001b\u000f\u0019\u000f\u001c\u001d\u000f\u0017\u0018\u0019 \ufffd\u0018\r\u000f\ufffd \u0012\u0015\u0017\u0017\ufffd\u0017\u000f\u0018$\u0015\u0019\u001f\ufffd\u0012\u0014\u000f\u0015\r\ufffd\u0014\f\u0016\u000f \ufffd\u0012\f\ufffd\u000f \u000e\u0018\"\u000f\ufffd$\u0015\f\u0017\u000f\u0019\u000e\u000f\ufffd\u0018\u0019\u0010\n\n\n\u0015\u0019 \u000f\u000e\u001d\r\u0015\u0012%\u001a\ufffd\u0018 \ufffd!\u000f\u0017\u0017\ufffd\u0018 \ufffd\u0012\u0014\u000f\ufffd\u0017\u0018\u000e#\ufffd\f\u001e\ufffd\u0016\u000f\u0010\u0015\u000e\u0015\u0019\u000f\u001a\ufffd\u001e\f\f\u0010\ufffd\u0018\u0019\u0010\ufffdZ\u0018 \u0015\u000e\ufffd \u000f\r$\u0015\u000e\u000f [\\\n\n\n", - 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\u000e \u0015\u00163 \u0006\u0014\ufffd\u001f\u0016\u000b\u0006 \u0011\u0015\u0007\ufffd \u000b\u0006\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c684c5c2-6475-36b3-bd3e-fc7f33ddd781/EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_343/raw/doc_343_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_343/raw/doc_343_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7bc7616b5c7e8381fea040fa70e37ab0b12677f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_343/raw/doc_343_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 3 - August\n\n##### **Guiding Principle 11:**\n###### Internally displaced persons, whether or not their liberty has been restricted, shall be protected in particular against: Rape, mutilation, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and other outrages upon personal dignity, such as acts of gender-specific violence, forced prostitution and any form of indecent assault.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nThe escalation of the conflict across Syria has led to the\nmassive displacement of people internally and across\nborders, family separation, increased vulnerability, lack\nof basic structural and social protection as well as limited\naccess to services. This has resulted in increased levels of\nGender-Based Violence (GBV) which is defined as \u201cActs\nof physical, mental or social abuse attempted or threatened with some type of force such as violence, threats,\ncoercion, manipulation, deception, cultural expectations,\nweapons or economic circumstances and is directed\nagainst a person because of his/her gender roles and expectations in a society or culture\u201d.\n\n\nGBV is a global phenomenon that cuts across cultures,\nage groups, and economic and social status. It exists in\npeace times and during and after conflicts, but it is especially problematic in the context of complex emergencies,\nwhere norms regulating social behavior are weakened,\ntraditional social systems are broken down and civilian\nwomen and children are often subject to abuse, exploitation, violence and other human rights violations, simply\nbecause of their gender, age, and status in society.\n###### **GBV involves many types of violence** **such as sexual violence including rape,** **sexual abuse, sexual harassment, sex-** **ual exploitation, early marriage or** **forced marriage, gender discrimina-** **tion and is based on unequal power re-** **lationships among men, women, boys** **and girls, which are governed by gen-** **der norms.**\n\n\nThe most common reported forms of GBV in Syria are\nearly marriage and domestic violence due to constraints to\nwomen\u2019s participation in the spheres of economic or political power and lack of access to quality education. While societal norms in Syria condemn certain forms of GBV, it continues to reinforce survivors\u2019 stigma and support impunity\nfor perpetrators which has in many cases, led to reluctance\nin reporting incidents. One of the main challenges in preventing and mitigating GBV is the low level of awareness on\nwomen\u2019s rights in some areas especially in the rural areas\nof Aleppo and the north-eastern Governorates.\n\n\n###### **The majority of gender based violence** **survivors are women, but it has been** **documented that men and boys have** **been subject to sexual violence as well** **\u2013 especially in the context of torture.**\n\nThe impact of gender-based violence, especially rape, can\nbe devastating and can have a ripple effect through the\nfamily, community, and the entire nation experiencing the\ncrisis. Physical consequences include injuries, unwanted\npregnancies, fistulae, sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and death. Psychosocial consequences can\ninclude anxiety and depression \u2013 not only as a result of\nthe rape but also as women may be traumatized by being\nrejected and ostracized from their husband and family.\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nThe Syrian government has ratified most international\nconventions related to GBV with minimum reservations.\nMoreover, some legal progress regarding this issue has\nbeen achieved in Syria. For instance in 2009, the Personal\nStatus Law was finally amended through a decree that\nrepealed Article 548 of the Syrian Legal Code related to\nhonor killing, replacing this with an article that enforces a\nminimum jail sentence of five years for honor killing perpetrators. This amendment was approved by the Syrian\nParliament and endorsed by the President.\n\n\n\n\n\nMoreover, before the crisis few developments relevant to\nGBV occurred in the country such as the establishment\nof the National Observatory on GBV and the first shelter\nfor battered women including the victims of violence and\ntrafficking as well as the adoption of the GBV protocol for\nmedical staff.\n\n\nHowever, a lot more work needs to be done in relation to\nGBV especially in terms of children\u2019s right to Syrian citizenship in case their mothers were married to foreigners.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 3** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\nGBV is a violation of universal human rights protected by\ninternational human rights conventions. One of the main\ninstruments in relation to GBV is the 1979 Convention\non the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against\nWomen (CEDAW).\n\n\nMany acts of GBV, including rape and any other form of\nsexual violence, such as sexual slavery, inforced prostitution and forced pregnancy are strictly prohibited by international humanitarian law*.\n\n\nThe global engagement of the international community to address GBV, led by civil society organizations has\nbeen manifested by the growing number of international\nconferences organized putting pressure on governments\nto take immediate action to combat GBV, including the\nrecent Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict\nwhich was held in London in 2014. Some of the main conventions and resolutions pertaining to GBV include:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- See, _inter alia,_ Rules 90, 93 and 94 of Customary International Humanitarian Law (ICRC, 2005), Art.147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Common Article 3.\n\n\n\nThe Syrian government has ratified most of these\ninternational conventions and their conclusions with\nminimum reservations.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 3** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector response**\n\nIn the current context of Syria, efforts of humanitarian actors to prevent GBV consist mainly of analyzing the situation,\nidentifying gaps, advocating for services, raising awareness among communities, building capacity of stakeholders including service providers and developing or adapting protocols for GBV.\n### **GBV prevention in Syria**\n\n**1** **Information and Data Management and Analysis:** Survivors are usually afraid of being stigmatized; thus,\nactual prevalence figures are hard to identify. Efforts are currently exerted to generate service provision data to better\nanalyze trends and patterns of GBV through needs assessments, feedback from health, psychosocial service providers\nand mobile teams as well as reports from community volunteers working with IDPs and affected communities.\n\n\n**2** **Raising Awareness:** Awareness raising sessions include advice on, amongst\nother things, trafficking, authentication of\nmarriages, divorce and domestic violence.\nSessions are taking place in 13 communal\nshelters in Tartous, two centers in Drekish and with IDPs hosted among the local community in Khrab and the southern\narea. Moreover, 22 communal shelters are\nbeing covered with awareness sessions in\nDamascus and Rural Damascus and ten\ncenters are being addressed in Homs,\neight centers in Hama and five centers in\nAleppo.\n\n\nness campaign to **1,530** staff in the Sahnaya warehouses with plans to expand it to cover Kisweh and Safita warehouses. Moreover, an awareness-raising\nproject has been launched aiming to sensitize warehouse workers in Rural Damascus and Safita.\n\n\n**3** **Capacity Building:** A set of trainings have been launched to build the capacity of local partners. The first set of\ntraining on Orientation on GBV for management staff of NGOs was finalized and it included two groups of **40** participants from 12 NGOs from eight governorates. The second round of trainings included five groups on \u201cBasic GBV\u201d\naddressing 94 participants from seven national NGOs working in in nine different governorates; Hama, Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Tartous,Idlib, Lattakia, Daraa and Sweida. Two sets of trainings addressing Outreach Volunteers have been\nlaunched as well. The first stage is a basic GBV training and the second level is an Awareness Training of Trainers.\n\n\nCapacity building efforts offered by different Protection stakeholders using constructive approaches based on actual\nneeds of services providers and survivors need to be followed by continuous monitoring and on the job training. An\nexample of this is the training provided to gynaecologists and mid-wives on case management review linked to the\ncentres who provide medical services. Since 2011, the sector has been providing basic and specialized GBV training\nthroughout Syria to more than **474** UN staff, community volunteers, lawyers and staff of the Ministry of Health.\n\n\n**4** **Vocational training, Targeted Material Assistance and Socioeconomic Activities:** These options are\nprovided to empower vulnerable individuals who might otherwise fall victim to GBV.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 3** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "service provision data", - "confidence": 0.9717755913734436, - "start": 116, - "end": 119 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8904343247413635, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Survivors", - "confidence": 0.8157858848571777, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports from community volunteers", - "confidence": 0.8161099553108215, - "start": 144, - "end": 148 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Comprehensive Response for GBV survivors**\n\n**1** **GBV Referral & Response:** A project which incorporates both PSS and medical services has been initiated\nthrough a referral system established between shelters,\ncommunity and health facilities. The referral is done by\nmobile teams and followed by case managers. Moreover, since the beginning of 2013, the supported health\nfacilities in Damascus and Rural Damascus provided GBV\nscreening for 12,196 GBV suspected cases which were\nreferred to receive specialized medical and counselling\nservices each.\n\n\n**2 Specialized Medical Services:** Medical response\n\nof Rape (CMR) and direct medical services to survivors of\nGBV especially from sexual violence. Since the beginning of 2013, about 26 medical staff have received specialized CMR\ntraining and 100 received Minimum Initial Service Package (MIS training Including a medical training component .\n\n\n**3** **Legal Assistance:** is also provided on loss of personal documentation, birth registration, authentication of marriage, divorce, custody, domestic violence, missing family members and property related issues. The assistance takes\nthe form of advice and assistance with intervention before the courts, police stations and civil registry department.\n\n\n**4** **Counselling and Psychosocial Support:** So far in 2014, clinics and mobile teams have provided group counselling to **3,729** women and girls. GBV counselling units in the community centers have been established where survivors\ncan be counselled and referred to services accordingly. So far, the counselling has started in Damascus, Rural Damascus, Homs, Hama, Sweida, Lattakia and Tartous. Services include Psycho-Social Support (PSS), vocational training and\nlegal assistance. The trained medical staff, mainly Gynecologists and mid-wives, are linked to these centers to provide\nmedical services.\n\n\n**5** **A Safe house:** has been established in Damascus for survivors. The services provided inside the house are comprehensive and include, PSS, legal counselling, empowerment, vocational training and other services.\n\n\n**6 Women Safe spaces:** A project that provides spaces for women and girls affected by the crisis to discuss freely\ntheir concerns and issues, which serves also as safe spaces for women and girls for GBV and reproductive health\nawareness raising, GBV screening and assessment, counselling, medical services, recreational activities and referral to\nexternal services including livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nCoordination among all the stakeholders is important to ensure effective provision of comprehensive GBV. Therefore,\nthe Protection Sector in Syria enhanced partnerships among local and international agencies and consequently many\ninitiatives have emerged such as a project aiming to ensure the provision of comprehensive GBV services to survivors\nthrough the establishment of a referral system between mobile teams and clinics in Damascus and Rural Damascus.\n\n\nSome of the challenges include, amongst others, limited expertise on the ground, difficulties accessing certain areas\nwhich has prevented proper reporting and the provision of services to GBV survivors and genuine fear of survivors\nand/or witnesses of GBV to report on what is going on.\n\n\nContact Person for GBV issue :\nJennifer Miquel, Regional GBV Specialist, UNFPA Regional Syria Response Hub, Amman, Jordan - Email: miquel@unfpa.org - Mobile: 00962795756755\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 3** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector Response to GBV**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 31.07.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 3** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0c8590a-5e3f-3d61-a791-2cf769ab3b1e/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_344/raw/doc_344_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_344/raw/doc_344_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6281df9f2fa88dd5a411a7151771efbd499b3ed1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_344/raw/doc_344_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n## **3 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u0622\u0628** **: 11 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a**\n###### \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0630\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.\n\n\n**3\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643", - "confidence": 0.8384019136428833, - "start": 488, - "end": 491 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.6790146827697754, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a", - "confidence": 0.5449426174163818, - "start": 609, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7162067890167236, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb7a5aff-3bbe-38f9-853d-2e6548165c61/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203_Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n### **\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a**\n\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627\n\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 1979 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647\n\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642 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\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n.2014 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\n\n\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647\n\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 94 \u064893 \u064890 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u06293 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629147 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06292005 \u060c\u0627\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\n\n**3 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb7a5aff-3bbe-38f9-853d-2e6548165c61/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203_Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb7a5aff-3bbe-38f9-853d-2e6548165c61/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203_Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a**\n\n**\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 1 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639**\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**3 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5046389698982239, - "start": 74, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.6135581135749817, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.790595293045044, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb7a5aff-3bbe-38f9-853d-2e6548165c61/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203_Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a**\n##### **2014.07.31 - 2014.01.01**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb7a5aff-3bbe-38f9-853d-2e6548165c61/Echoes%20From%20Syria%20Issue%203_Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_345/raw/doc_345_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_345/raw/doc_345_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d8a8727db17e7c39e7a711132f2343ba8302a5f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_345/raw/doc_345_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n## **2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632**\n\n\n## **:17 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a**\n##### \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647-1 .\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646-2\n\n\n##### \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\n\n\n##### .\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": 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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064f\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\n. \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0645\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n**2 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9932832-9ed4-3960-a0a3-2889e6985172/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%202.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n### **\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n##### **\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647** **2014.06.30 - 2014.01.01**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642**\n\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n**2 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9932832-9ed4-3960-a0a3-2889e6985172/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%202.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_346/raw/doc_346_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_346/raw/doc_346_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9a089b0631efe7384d3b3df6cfcbbb3dc97a3f2a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_346/raw/doc_346_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n### **4 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644** **: 10 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a**\n\n\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 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"document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/295541ba-3f49-3981-87a0-286e221762eb/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a**\n\n\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\n\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 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\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n**4 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/295541ba-3f49-3981-87a0-286e221762eb/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_347/raw/doc_347_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_347/raw/doc_347_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 07fb5f242633a550655f96cea5adaa047c124ee6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_347/raw/doc_347_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,166 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n### **5 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644** **: 19 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"geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7456833124160767, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\n\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7100540399551392, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48fbd3af-008b-3cc4-8b5b-2afbde70ef65/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a 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[7] \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\n\n\n**5 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6200920939445496, - "start": 329, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48fbd3af-008b-3cc4-8b5b-2afbde70ef65/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.300 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**5 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7790335416793823, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5737893581390381, - "start": 89, - "end": 90 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48fbd3af-008b-3cc4-8b5b-2afbde70ef65/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n###### **2014.09.30 - 2014.01.01**\n\n**\ufe8d\ufef9\ufea3\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe95 \ufe8d\ufedf\ufee3\ufe97\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94**\n**\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufea7\ufea9\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe95 \ufe8d\ufedf\ufea7\ufe8e\ufebb\ufe94**\n**2.90%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**0.04 %**\n\n\n**:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642**\n\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n**5 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48fbd3af-008b-3cc4-8b5b-2afbde70ef65/Echoes%20from%20syria_Ar%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_348/raw/doc_348_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_348/raw/doc_348_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4924a02b9ecf82068d25ff7cca6ba171837cc01c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_348/raw/doc_348_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n###### Issue 2 - July\n\n#### **Guiding Principle 17:**\n##### 1. Every human being has the right to respect of his/her family life. 2. To give effect to this right for internally displaced persons, family members who which to remain together shall be allowed to do so.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b32a9c7-760b-3474-9fe0-11ba412af3f7/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%202-3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Echoes From Syria\n\n## **Introduction**\n\nFamilies are frequently torn apart as a result of forced\ndisplacement pushing them to flee their homes on short\nnotice which affects the most vulnerable family members\nincluding children who could become separated or unaccompanied.\n\n\nThe family represents an important source of protection\nin itself as it unites individuals and provides physical, social, legal, material and emotional stability and support\nto its members, in particular for children. The unity of\nthe family can prevent exposure to various risks and help\nminimize the effects of displacement on individuals and\ncommunities.\n\n#### **A separated child is any child that** **has been separated from both par-** **ents or from other legal or custom-** **ary primary caregiver/s but not nec-** **essarily from other relatives.**\n\n\nThe conflict which erupted in Syria in March 2011 has\ncaused more than six million people to be displaced across\nthe country of which some 50% are children. This situation has triggered a worrisome human rights situation.\nAlthough there is no comprehensive needs assessment\nof the situation on the ground in Syria, it is estimated that\nthere is a significant number of separated and unaccompanied children resulting from mass displacement. While\nsome of the unaccompanied and separated children have\nleft to neighboring countries, others are living in institutions or on their own without proper care and follow up.\nThere is also a number of child-headed families without\nsupport by any adult relative or caretaker.\n\n#### **An unaccompanied child is any child** **who has been separated from both** **parents and other relatives and who** **is not being cared for by an adult** **who, by law or custom, is responsi-** **ble for doing so.**\n\n\n\nChildren without parental care in Syria prior to the crisis\ntended to be cared for on an informal basis, by grandparents or other members of the extended family, or by persons or families in the wider community, and this has continued during the crisis. This spontaneous fostering may\nmean that the incidence of separated children has been\nunder-reported. 74% of respondents to the Child Protection Remote Assessment conducted by the Global Child\nProtection Cluster reported that there were separated\nchildren as a result of the conflict, 40% of respondents\nreported there were unaccompanied children.\n\n\n**As a result of separation from their families**\n**due to forced displacement, children in Syria**\n**face a wide range of protection risks includ-**\n**ing neglect, abuse and exploitation, forced**\n**labor, trafficking, limited access to education,**\n**and forcible recruitment into armed forces or**\n**armed groups.**\n\n## **The Syrian context**\n\n\nAt this time, Syria does not have a comprehensive law\nthat addresses the issue of alternative care system with a\nfocus on separated/unaccompanied children. Provisions\nwere scattered in various other laws to address other related issues, whose policy and practice were largely influenced by religious ideologies with the focus on orphans\nand institutional care. Although currently, a law on alternative care in Syria has been drafted and submitted to the\nparliament.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n - Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 1949\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 2** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "comprehensive needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.6773228645324707, - "start": 213, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9840748310089111, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated and unaccompanied children", - "confidence": 0.7770921587944031, - "start": 235, - "end": 239 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Child Protection Remote Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9994564652442932, - "start": 429, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "incidence of separated children", - "confidence": 0.5284883975982666, - "start": 415, - "end": 419 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Global Child\nProtection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9254462122917175, - "start": 436, - "end": 440 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.876018226146698, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b32a9c7-760b-3474-9fe0-11ba412af3f7/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%202-3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Echoes From Syria\n\nand their education are facilitated in all circumstances. Their education shall, as far as possible, be entrusted to persons of a similar cultural\ntradition [**] . Moreover, the Convention indicates\nthat each Party to the conflict shall facilitate enquiries made by members of families dispersed\nowing to the war, with the object of renewing\ncontact with one another and of meeting, if possible [***] .\n\n\n\n\n## **The international legal** **framework**\n\nInternational human rights law guarantees the right to\nrespect for the family, including the freedom from any\nunlawful or arbitrary interference. As a fundamental unit\nof society, the family is also entitled to special protection\nand assistance. Children and their mothers, both before\nand after childbirth, should be provided with special protection and assistance.\n\n\nApart from Conventions already ratified by the Syrian\nGovernment, the International Humanitarian Law also\nrequires that the family rights of protected persons be\nrespected in times of armed conflict. In the case of evacuation or other transfers of people, all possible measures\nmust be taken to ensure that the members of the same\nfamily are not separated. In case separation occurs, family\nmembers should be able to receive news from each other and be provided with information about the fate and\nwhereabouts of missing relatives. All appropriate steps\nshould be taken to facilitate the reunion of dispersed families. Separated children should be identified, registered\nand provided with special protection and assistance at all\ntimes [******] .\n\n\n****** Rules 105, 117 and 131 of the Customary International Humanitarian Law and Articles 25, 26, 27 and 50 of the Fourth Geneva\nConvention\n\n\n\n** Article 24 of Geneva Convention (IV), 1949\n*** Article 26 of Geneva Convention (IV), 1949\n\n\n**** Article No.9 of Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989\n***** Article No.22 of Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 2** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b32a9c7-760b-3474-9fe0-11ba412af3f7/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%202-3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Echoes From Syria\n\n## **Protection Sector response to family separation**\n\nTo address the mentioned concerns, the Protection Sector in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs and various\nlocal implementing partners, has been working on:\n\n\n**1** The development/endorsement of Minimum Standards and Operating Procedures by the Protection Sector. These\nprocedures are a good tool to guide interventions on Unaccompanied and Separated Children through:\n\n - Prevention of family separation;\n\n - Identification of separated and unaccompanied children;\n\n - Registration and documentation of separated and unaccompanied children;\n\n - Interim care for separated and unaccompanied children;\n\n - Family Tracing\n\n - Follow up with reunified children and families.\n\n\n**2** The Launching of a Family Tracing and Reunification Pilot Project in Homs Governorate by the Ministry of Social\nAffairs on 1 July 2014.\n\n\n**3** Capacity building on Family Tracing and Reunification of 34 protection actors in Homs including social workers,\ninternational and national NGOs and community volunteers.\n\n\n**4** Outlining the types of interventions, roles and responsibilities at the national level and governorate levels in order\nto ensure ownership of the entire process by the Ministry of Social Affairs which is responsible for the overall coordination mechanism of the Family Tracing and Reunification activities in the country.\n\n\n**5** Practical assistance in the form of Legal Assistance on Documentation and birth registration which acts as a preventative measure to family separation. Recreational Activities in shelters also act as key to the identification of\nseparated children where some partners through their connections in the local community have developed informal tracing mechanisms. Individual counseling is also provided to victims of family separation, whilst cash and\nassistance and material assistance in the form of, amongst other things, clothes are provided to host families who\nare looking after unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 2** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b32a9c7-760b-3474-9fe0-11ba412af3f7/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%202-3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Echoes From Syria\n\n## **Protection sector Activities**\n##### **Preventing, responding and mitigating the effects of family separation** **01.01.2014 - 30.06.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAjmal Khybari\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 2** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b32a9c7-760b-3474-9fe0-11ba412af3f7/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%202-3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_349/raw/doc_349_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_349/raw/doc_349_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0f140621e03a95f0715db8ae5dcb0a25122b5b36..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_349/raw/doc_349_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 4 - September\n\n##### **Guiding Principle 10:**\n###### 2- Attacks or other acts of violence against internally displaced persons who do not or no longer participate in hostilities are prohibited in all circumstances. Internally displaced persons shall be protected, in particular against: (e) the use of anti-personnel landmines.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2932815f-e7b3-37b5-a814-1dd279ff129f/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nThe concept of Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) covers unexploded ordnance and abandoned explosive ordnance. Unexploded ordnance refers to any ammunition\nthat has been used but which has failed to detonate as\nintended while abandoned explosive ordnance refers to\nammunition stockpiles that have been left behind by a\nparty to an armed conflict.\n\n\nThe explosive remnants of war continue to have a detrimental effect on communities long after the wars have\nended causing injuries or deaths even at a distance from\nthe explosion as the danger area can vary from a few\nmeters to several hundred meters depending on the ordnance involved. Moreover, ERW are generally found on\nthe surface and are therefore visible, which can result in\nan interaction of people with them. They are unpredictable and can be detonated at any time by pressure, by hit\nor kick or by simple touch.\n\n\n**Children account**\n**for more than**\n**one third of all**\n**victims in many**\n**ERW affected**\n**countries. An**\n**estimated 85% of**\n**child victims die**\n**before reaching**\n**the hospital.**\n\n\nDue to a steep increase in the number of people injured\nas a result of the crisis, including due to injuries from explosive remnants particularly in the past six months, approximately 575,000 people in Syria, as of end of September 2013, were estimated to have been injured directly\nor indirectly and are in need of urgent healthcare [1] . Generally, the percentage of child casualties remains high as\nchildren tend, out of curiosity, to play with these items\nespecially as they are often colorful and can be seen by\nthem as potential toys.\n\n\n### **The international** **Context**\n\nThe Convention on the Rights of the Child protects the\nrights of children as States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational\nmeasures to protect the child from all forms of physical\nor mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent\ntreatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual\nabuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or\nany other person who has the care of the child [2] .\n\n\nThe Convention also protects the children in armed conflicts as States Parties shall take all feasible measures to\nensure protection and care of children who are affected\nby an armed conflict in accordance with their obligations\nunder international humanitarian law to protect the civilian population in armed conflicts [3] .\n\n\nMoreover, States Parties are urged to take all appropriate\nmeasures to promote physical and psychological recovery\nand social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of\nneglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form\nof cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;\nor armed conflicts. Such recovery and reintegration shall\ntake place in an environment which fosters the health,\nself-respect and dignity of the child [4] . This covers psychosocial recovery and social reintegration of child survivors\nof ERW incidents.\n\n\nFurthermore, the Convention on the Rights of Persons\nwith Disabilities urges States Parties to collect appropriate information, including statistical and research data,\nto enable them to formulate and implement policies to\ngive effect to the present Convention [5] . It enhances and\nsupports the development of a comprehensive system for\nthe collection of casualty data through standardized victim surveillance systems.\n\n\n1. SHARP 2014\n2. Article 19, The Conventions on the Rights of the Child\n3. Article 38, The Conventions on the Rights of the Child\n4. Article 39, The Conventions on the Rights of the Child\n5. Article 31, The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 4** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2932815f-e7b3-37b5-a814-1dd279ff129f/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nSince 2011, the situation in Syria has been escalating in\nintensity and complexity, with the conflict characterized\nby the wide-spread use of explosive weapons in populated areas, which results in both immediate and long-term\nrisks of indiscriminate killing and injury of civilians.\n\n\n**Risk Education on ERW can reduce**\n**the risk; however, efforts should be**\n**exerted to eliminate its source**\n\n\nAlthough there are no clear figures on the number of\nchildren killed or injured as a result of ERWs, anecdotal\nevidence suggests that the number is significantly high.\nIn a remote assessment of child protection trends and patterns inside Syria conducted by the Global Child Protection Working Group, 42% of respondents identified explosive remnants of war as the main violent threat in Syria to\nchildren\u2019s safety in the areas in which they were living [6] .\n\n\nMoreover, Syria has also ratified both the Conventions on\nthe Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights\nof Persons with Disabilities.\n\n\n**Support is needed in terms of receiv-**\n**ing international expertise and ad-**\n**equate funding to foster ERW Risk**\n**Education in Syria**\n\n\n6. Remote methodologies have been used for the assessment to interview newly arriving refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. The\ndata have been triangulated with a desk review and interviews\nwith humanitarian workers. To access the report of the assessment,\nplease visit htp://cpwg.net/resource-topics/assessment-3/\n\n\n### **Protection Sector response**\n\nWithin the broader framework of Mine Action, the sector\nis focusing primarily on ERW Risk Education which helps\nreduce the danger and protect people living in and traveling to areas contaminated by ERW.\nThe Protection Sector in Syria has been working on this\nissue since 2013 and has included ERW Risk Education\nand awareness in its activities which are being launched\nacross the country.\nIncorporating the risk education in the Education Extra\nCurriculum is a major step in institutionalizing risk education in the education system ensuring the sustainability\nof the activity. At the moment, the ERW risk education\ninvolves two major components; the training of school\nteachers on the Risk Education kit and how to conduct\nawareness raising sessions with pupils as well as school\nbased awareness raising sessions.\n\n\n**As Risk Education should reach every**\n**single person at risk, the Protection**\n**sector is working on it in different loca-**\n**tions in Syria**\n\n\nERW Risk Education\u2019s primary strategy is to instill safe behavior in people by raising awareness and educating both\nthose at risk and those around them who can influence\ntheir behavior. Recognizing that schools provide opportunities to discuss and share self-protection information\nwith a large number of children, the strategy has been\noperationalized in collaboration with Ministry of Education through:\n\n**\u2022** **The development of Risk Education curriculum:** In\npartnership with the Ministry of Education (MoE),\nChild Protection actors and the local private sector in\n2013, a set of Risk Education training materials were\ndeveloped, reviewed and officially adopted by ministerial decree as part of the School Extra Curriculum.\n\n**\u2022** **Capacity building efforts:** **45** Master Trainers from\nthe MoE were trained on Risk Education by an international expert. Subsequently, as of August 2014, **684**\nteachers in **367** schools in Daraa, Quneitra, Damascus\nand Rural Damascus have been trained and provided\nwith the needed material.\n\n**\u2022** **Risk Education sessions:** **207,666** children have been\nreached through structured Risk Education sessions.\nIn the high priority areas such as Old Homs, local nongovernmental organizations have been provided with\nRisk Education kits to reach the residents and children\nwho are returning or visiting the devastated areas.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 4** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.7957378625869751, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7154753804206848, - "start": 283, - "end": 284 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "newly arriving refugees", - "confidence": 0.9385488629341125, - "start": 255, - "end": 258 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2932815f-e7b3-37b5-a814-1dd279ff129f/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n\n### **Protection Sector Response**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 31.08.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\nAjmal Khybari\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 4** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2932815f-e7b3-37b5-a814-1dd279ff129f/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%204.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_35/raw/doc_35_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_35/raw/doc_35_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fc71bb3bfd1ebaea13da91a1c7eb58c953b2b018..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_35/raw/doc_35_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,380 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe** OCTOBER 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\nContents\n\n\nExecutive summary 4\n\nKey recommendations 6\n\nContext 8\n\nMethodology 8\n\nRegistration 10\n\nAppeal 12\n\nDocumentation 13\n\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nInformation used in this report was collected by UNHCR and complemented with\ninformation provided by International Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA)\nmembers including the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), World Vision International\n(WVI) and partners such as the European Network on Statelessness and Helsinki\nFoundation.\n\n\nThe report was drafted by the Protection Unit in UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for\nEurope (RBE) with analysis of data coordinated by the Data, Identity\nManagement and Analysis Unit (DIMA).\n\n\nWe are grateful for the extensive involvement and support of UNHCR\u2019s partners,\nlocal authorities, civil society, international organizations and donors. Most\nimportantly, UNHCR would like to acknowledge the resilience and strength of\nrefugees from Ukraine, who continue to share with us their challenges, fears and\nhopes.\n\n\n~~CONTACT US~~\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nEmail: rbeext@unhcr.org\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_Poland. Refugees from Ukraine at a Blue Dot Safe Space, Protection and Support Hub in UNHCR\u2019s cash enrolment_\n_centre in Krakow Tauron Arena, May 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Maciej Moskwa_\n\n\n\nFreedom of movement 15\n\nFamily reunification 17\n\nPersons with specific needs 18\n\nEducation 21\n\nLabour market 23\n\nSocial protection 25\n\nHealthcare 27\n\nAccommodation 29\n\nEmerging practices: addressing barriers to rights 30\n\n\n\n2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Executive summary\n\nBased on research conducted in 26 countries implementing the Temporary Protection Direction (TPD), this\nreport presents the main findings relating to the practical implementation of the Directive and refugees\u2019 ability\nto access and exercise rights protected under it.\n\nKey findings\n\n\n**THE RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER THE DIRECTIVE ARE INTERDEPENDENT:**\n**REFUGEES\u2019 INABILITY TO EXERCISE ONE RIGHT IMPEDED THE REALIZATION OF**\n**OTHER RIGHTS**\n# **1**\n\nThe inability of refugees to exercise one right often negatively impacted the enjoyment of other rights. For\nexample, delayed issuance of documentation to Temporary Protection (TP) beneficiaries impacts their ability to\naccess a wide range of rights; challenges relating to a lack of capacity in local schools significantly impedes\nadults\u2019 access to the labour market, whilst a lack of sustainable, longer-term housing has had a multifaceted\nimpact on refugees\u2019 ability to exercise their other rights including education, employment, and social protection.\n\n\n**REFUGEES ENCOUNTER A RANGE OF PRACTICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND**\n**LEGAL BARRIERS TO ENJOYMENT OF RIGHTS**\n# **2**\n\nLack of access to information and language barriers limit refugees\u2019 access to almost all rights provided under\nthe Directive, including registration processes, education, employment, family reunification and social\nprotection. Challenges relating to the lack of a permanent address, lack of childcare options and the inability to\nprovide documents required to access certain services were also commonly raised as barriers to the enjoyment\nof rights.\n\n\n**PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS FACE INCREASED OBSTACLES TO ACCESS**\n**RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER THE DIRECTIVE; THE LACK OF SYSTEMATIC**\n**IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES IS ONE OF THE ROOT CAUSES**\n# **3**\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection monitoring, 24% of respondents reported at least one household member with\na specific need, including persons with disabilities, serious medical needs, older persons and separated or\nunaccompanied children. [1] Yet, nine of the 26 countries monitored do not have standard procedures in place to\nidentify persons with specific needs. In the 17 countries where there are procedures in place, the process lacks\ncomprehensiveness, being largely confined to the identification of limited population groups such as\nunaccompanied and separated children or victims of human trafficking. The absence of systematic and\ncomprehensive identification procedures impedes the ability of persons with specific needs to access\nspecialized services and assistance, thereby increasing the risks they face in displacement.\n\n\n1. UNHCR protection monitoring for the Ukraine refugee situation results, May to September 2022. Protection monitoring was\nconducted in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.\n\n\n\n\n# **4**\n\n\n\n**SEVERAL OF THE IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES ARE EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO**\n**REFUGEES WHO HAVE BEEN GRANTED STATUS THROUGH NATIONAL ASYLUM**\n**SYSTEMS**\n\n\n\nSeveral identified challenges are equally experienced by refugees from Ukraine who have been granted\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6420170068740845, - "start": 486, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9577789306640625, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6995015144348145, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Context\n\n\n\nThe international armed conflict in Ukraine\nprecipitated one of the largest displacement crises\nin the world. As of 12 October 2022, over 7.6 million\nrefugees from Ukraine have fled to Europe, and\nalmost seven million people have been internally\ndisplaced. In response, the European Union (EU),\nthrough the Council's Implementing Decision\n2022/382 of 4 March 2022,3 triggered the\napplication of the Temporary Protection Directive\n(TPD) 2001/55/EC, the duration of which has\nrecently been extended until March 2024.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomed the decision to activate the TPD\nin European Union Member States as one way to\nprovide immediate protection from refoulement and\naccess to rights for refugees. UNHCR has a\nparticular interest in the application and\nimplementation of the TPD in view of the specific\nrole afforded to UNHCR under the Directive,4 and\n### Methodology\n\n\nThis report is based on research conducted by\nUNHCR between July and August 2022 in 26\ncountries applying the TPD,6 complemented with\ninformation provided by members of the\nInternational Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA)\nmembers including the Danish Refugee Council\n(DRC), World Vision International (WVI) and partners\nsuch as the European Network on Statelessness\n(ENS) and Helsinki Foundation for 4 of the 26\n\n\n\ndue to UNHCR\u2019s mandate to provide international\nprotection to refugees. In this respect, UNHCR has\n[previously compiled a number of promising](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\n[practices relating to EU Member States\u2019 application](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\nof the TPD,5 including enhanced registration,\npromoting access to information on procedures,\nexpedited issuance of documentation and\ndigitalization of systems.\n\n\nSix months on from the activation of the TPD,\nUNHCR conducted research into the practical\nimplementation of the Directive with a focus on\nrefugees\u2019 access to rights. This report presents the\nfindings from this research, including\nrecommendations on enhancing access to rights\nand protection for refugees from Ukraine.\n\n\n\ncountries covered.7 Research was conducted\nthrough consultations with national authorities, local\nmunicipalities, partner organizations and NGOs\nassisting refugees from Ukraine and through direct\nconsultations with refugee communities themselves\non their experiences accessing their rights under\nthe Directive.\n\n\n\n3. Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within\nthe meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection EUR-Lex - 32022D0382 - EN - EUR-Lex\n(europa.eu)\n4. Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) 2001/55/EC, Article 3(3)\n5. UNHCR, \u2018The EU Temporary Protection Directive in Practice 2022\u2019, May 2022, available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\n6. Research was conducted in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,\nHungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.\n7. Greece, Italy, Romania and Poland.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Registration\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 10**\n\n\nTo enable the effective application of the Council Decision referred to in Article 5, Member States shall register\nthe personal data referred to in Annex II, point (a), with respect to the persons enjoying temporary protection\non their territory.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Enhanced registration practices, including increased capacities and digitization, continue to**\n**demonstrate efficiencies. All Member States should be actively encouraged to apply similar**\n**practices to enhance access to protection and rights under the TPD.**\n\n - **TP beneficiaries highlight a need for accurate information on registration processes, rights**\n**attached to TP status and interpretation services at registration points. In some countries,**\n**local authorities require additional guidance on the rights of third country nationals and**\n**stateless persons to access TP registration.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO REGISTRATION**\n\n\n\nAt the beginning of the crisis, refugees in several\ncountries reported long queues and waiting times\nassociated with Temporary Protection (TP)\nregistration. This was partially attributed to the large\nnumber of people seeking TP and their uneven\nconcentration in some areas. Multiple countries\nhave since introduced measures to expedite the\nprocess, notably through digitizing the registration\nprocess. Apart from accelerating the process,\ndigitization has significantly expanded geographical\nreach. Nevertheless, some refugees have\nencountered difficulties accessing online\nregistration portals, including due to digital illiteracy\nand language barriers. As of August 2022, in 21 of\nthe 26 countries monitored the registration process\ntakes between 30 minutes to a few days. In the\nremaining five countries, however, the process\ncould last a few weeks to four months. In some\ncases, registration capacities which were scaled up\nat the beginning of the crisis were reduced,\nprolonging the registration process for new arrivals.\nDelays in the registration process impacts\nindividuals\u2019 abilities to access rights protected\nunder the Directive.\n\n\nRefugees reported experiencing several other\nchallenges including a lack of accurate and clear\ninformation about the registration process and the\nrights attached to their status, challenges echoed in\ninformation collected by ICVA network member\nWVI. In some countries, support centres which\nprovide information are located in large cities, which\nare challenging for TP beneficiaries located in rural\nareas to access. Refugees thus mostly relied on\ninformation provided by family members,\ncommunity-based organizations or on information\ngathered through social media outlets which may\nnot be accurate. ICVA network members also\nhighlighted the challenges which older persons face\nin accessing information on registration processes\nwhich is primarily provided through online platforms.\n\n\n\nA lack of interpretation services at registration\npoints was also routinely reported. In some cases,\nvolunteers were sporadically providing\ninterpretation services, but multiple countries\nreported a general lack of predictable interpretation\nservices for individuals seeking to apply for TP,\nwhich created a barrier to understanding and\naccessing registration services.\n\n\nIn addition, although non-Ukrainian nationals are\nincluded under the provisions of the TPD in certain\ncases, [8] a lack of clear guidance to registration staff\nin this regard has reportedly led to some nonUkrainian nationals being denied permission to\nregister or being required to provide additional\ndocumentary evidence relating to their inability to\nreturn to their countries of origin in safe and durable\nconditions. This has resulted in some third country\nnationals being redirected to the regular asylum\nprocedure, despite their prima facie entitlement to\nprotection under the TPD, risking adding an\nadditional burden to national asylum procedures.\nICVA members (Helsinki Foundation through DRC)\nadditionally reported challenges in some cases for\nundocumented individuals and stateless persons to\nestablish their identity and eligibility for TP, with\nresulting challenges in accessing TP registration\nprocedures.\n\n\nUNHCR additionally identified challenges facing\nsome individuals who change their place of\nresidence from one EU MS to another after having\napplied for TP in their first host country. Such\nindividuals, at times, face challenges in accessing\nTP registration in their new host country and are\nasked for evidence that they have \u2018de-registered\u2019\nthemselves in the first MS they were registered in,\ndespite guidance from the European Commission to\nthe contrary. [9]\n\n\n\ninformation\n\n\n\nlack of interpretation difficulty accessing refusal of access to difficulty accessing\n\nlong queues\n\n\n\nrefusal of access to\n\nregistration services\n\n\n\nlack of interpretation\n\n\n\ndifficulty accessing\n\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\nregistration point\n\n\n\ncountries **countries** countries countries countries\n\n\n\n8. As set out in Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from\n[Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, available at: https://eur-](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382)\n[lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382.](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382)\n9. European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions received on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and\nCouncil Implementing Decision 2022/382\u2019, available at: [https://home-afairs.ec.europa.eu/system/fles/2022-07/Frequently%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n[asked%20questions%20received%20on%20the%20interpretation%20of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n[and%20Council%20Implementing%20Decision%202022-382_en.pdf](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n\n\n10 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Appeal\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 29**\n\n\nPersons who have been excluded from the benefit of temporary protection or family reunification by a Member\nState shall be entitled to mount a legal challenge in the Member State concerned.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n**It is important that applicants for Temporary Protection have access to an effective remedy**\n**in the event of negative decisions and clarification should be issued on the extent of appeal**\n**rights contained in the TPD. States should institute effective appeal procedures for TP**\n**applicants and provide written reasons for negative decisions.**\n\n\n### Documentation\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 8 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall adopt the necessary measures to provide persons enjoying temporary protection with\nresidence permits for the entire duration of the protection. Documents or other equivalent evidence shall be\nissued for that purpose.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **In light of the recent extension of the TPD, Member States should be encouraged to**\n**immediately renew documentation issued to TP beneficiaries until at least March 2024 in**\n**order to reduce administrative burdens and enhance prospects for refugees\u2019 effective**\n**socio-economic inclusion in host states.**\n\n - **Member States are encouraged to replicate positive practices from other countries to**\n**facilitate swift issuance of documentation and facilitate refugees\u2019 access to rights.**\n\n\n**TYPES OF DOCUMENTS ISSUED**\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries\n\n\n\nIt is currently unclear whether the right of appeal\ncontained at Article 29 of the TPD applies to\nnegative decisions on applications for TP in general,\nor whether it is restricted to decisions taken under\nArticle 28 of the Directive to exclude an individual\nfrom TP due to serious reasons for considering that\nthey have committed a war crime or similarly\nserious acts. Nevertheless, it would be important for\napplicants for TP to have access to an effective\nremedy in the event that their applications are\nrefused.\n\n\n\nAt least six of the 26 countries monitored have not\nset up appeal mechanisms enabling refugees to\nchallenge decisions denying their access to TP. In\nsome countries where appeal mechanisms are in\nplace, refugees faced obstacles to exercising\nappeal rights, mainly due to the lack of written\nrejection letters and a short timeframe set to\ninstitute an appeal. In some countries, the appeal\nalso lacked suspensive effect.\n\n\n\nResidence permit\n\n\n\nTP certificate / card ID card Passport sticker\n\n\n\n**TIME TAKEN TO ISSUE THE DOCUMENT**\n\nHours Days Weeks Months\n\n\n\n\n###### 9\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 1\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 8\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 5\n\nIN\n\n\n\nNo information\n###### 3\n\nIN\n###### 26\n\n\n|Col1|Av|\n|---|---|\n|
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|\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n12 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Freedom of movement\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 21 (2)**\n\n\nFor such time as the temporary protection has not ended, the Member States shall, on the basis of the\ncircumstances prevailing in the country of origin, give favourable consideration to requests for return to\nthe host Member State from persons who have enjoyed temporary protection and exercised their right to a\nvoluntary return.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **UNHCR welcomes guidance from the European Commission to Member States that**\n**Ukrainians do not need to deregister from TP when they voluntarily return to Ukraine. Such**\n**an approach can help avoid administrative hurdles and facilitate access to rights under the**\n**TPD.**\n\n - **UNHCR advises that a TP beneficiary\u2019s status and rights should not be affected by a visit to**\n**Ukraine lasting less than three months. Guidance and coherence amongst EU Member**\n**States on this point is important.**\n\n\n\nThe Council's Implementing Decision 2022/382\ntriggered the application of the TPD for an initial\nperiod of one year, with the duration of the TPD\nrecently extended until March 2024.\n\n\n23 out of the 26 countries surveyed issued\ndocumentation to TP beneficiaries which is valid for\n12 months or until March 2023. One country permits\nthe legal stay of TP beneficiaries until 24 August\n2023, regardless of the date of entry, whilst another\nissues foreigner cards valid for two years to TP\nbeneficiaries. One country provides renewable\nresidency permits valid for 6 months at a time.\nIssuing documents with a longer validity period\ncreates advantages for TP beneficiaries and\nenhances their prospects for socio-economic\ninclusion in host countries. For example, refugees\nreported some private landlords are reluctant to\nrent properties to individuals whose residency\nexpires in March 2023, whilst others highlighted\nthat some employers prefer to hire individuals with\na longer-term residency document. Access to\nfinancial services, particularly (micro-)credit and\nloans, as well possibilities for self-employment are\nalso negatively affected (and associated rights to\nwork).\n\n\nDocuments issued to TP beneficiaries varied\nbetween countries; some 14 countries issued\nresidence permits while the remaining countries\nprovided refugees with other types of\ndocumentation including TP certificates and\npassport stickers.\n\n\n\nThe type of documentation issued to refugees often\nhas implications on the enjoyment of certain rights,\nincluding freedom of movement. ICVA members\nDRC and ENS highlighted instances of good\npractice, where residence permits issued to TP\nbeneficiaries carried, for example, tax and social\nsecurity numbers, thereby facilitating access to\nemployment, health and social protection. However,\nin certain countries the document issued to TP\nbeneficiaries does not confirm their residency status\nin the host state, which can affect a TP beneficiary\u2019s\nability to exercise freedom of movement and to\naccess certain rights enumerated under the\nDirective.\n\n\nDelays in issuing documentation was a commonly\nreported challenge. In some 13 countries, refugees\nwait for periods between several weeks to three\nmonths to receive documentation. Given that\naccess to services often hinges on the possession\nof documentation, such delays impede refugees\u2019\naccess to essential rights and services including\neducation, employment and social protection.\n\n\n\nA number of refugees are engaging in pendular\nmovements between Ukraine and host countries,\nengaging in visits to see family members, retrieve\ndocuments, check on property and the overall\nsituation.\n\n\nIn most of the countries monitored, TP beneficiaries\ncan travel to Ukraine or to a third country without\nlosing their status and the rights flowing from it.\nHowever, in some countries there is no clear\nguidance as to how long refugees are permitted to\nremain outside of the host state without losing their\nlegal status and/or benefits attached to it, whilst\nothers reported that varying periods spent outside\nof the country may lead to revocation of TP status\nand/or the cessation of certain benefits such as\naccess to accommodation and financial assistance.\n\n\n\nEven in countries where travel to Ukraine or a third\ncountry does not trigger the revocation of TP status\nand/or the cessation of certain benefits, refugees\nwithout biometric passports have faced difficulties\nentering other Member States (MS) and re-entering\ncountries where they enjoy TP. Similar challenges\nwere reported by ICVA member DRC who\ncontributed to the research.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the European Commission\u2019s\nrecent announcement that Ukrainians who intend to\nvoluntarily return do not need to deregister from TP\nwhen they travel to Ukraine. Persons wishing to\nreturn are requested to notify the national or local\nauthorities in their hosting country that they are\nreturning back to Ukraine, provided that such a\nnotification system is in place, with the effect that\ntheir TP registration is treated as \u2018inactive\u2019 and\n\n\n\n10 European Commission Press Release, \u2018Solidarity with Ukraine: EU takes new steps to provide certainty and access to\nemployment to beneficiaries of Temporary Protection\u2019, 10 October 2022, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions on going home to](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the Temporary Protection Directive\u2019, available at: https://home-afairs.ec.europa.](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[eu/system/fles/2022-10/Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20on%20going%20home%20to%20Ukraine%20on%20a%20](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[voluntary%20basis%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection_en_0.pdf.](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n\n\n14 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nbenefits flowing from it discontinued for as long as\nthey are outside of the host country.10 Such an\napproach can help avoid administrative hurdles and\nfacilitate access to rights under the TPD\nshouldindividuals need to return to the EU at a later\npoint. The same guidance reiterates that individuals\nwho returned to Ukraine should have no problem to\nre-enter the EU on the basis of their passports,\nresidency permits or on \u2018humanitarian grounds\u2019.\n\n\n\nThis announcement does not provide guidance on the\nduration of a \u2018short visit\u2019 to Ukraine, which should have\nno impact on an individual\u2019s TP status or rights, as\ncompared to a \u2018voluntary return\u2019 under which a\nperson\u2019s TP registration is inactivated and benefits\ndiscontinued. Therefore, there continues to be scope\nfor differing practices in this regard, with MS applying\nvarying benchmarks to determine whether travel to\nUkraine constitutes \u2018voluntary return\u2019 or not.11\n\n\n### Family reunification\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 15**\n\n\nIn cases where the separate family members enjoy temporary protection in different Member States, Member\nStates shall reunite family members where they are satisfied that the family members fall under the description\nof paragraph 1(a), taking into account the wish of the said family members. Member States may reunite family\nmembers where they are satisfied that the family members fall under the description of paragraph 1(b), taking\ninto account on a case by case basis the extreme hardship they would face if the reunification did not take\nplace.11\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Guidance is needed on how family reunification procedures foreseen by the TPD are**\n**expected to operate in practice, and the facilities and systems Member States are required**\n**to put into effect in this regard.**\n\n - **Given the scale of family separation, swift, effective and flexible family reunification**\n**procedures are required, including avenues for reunification with for individuals who may**\n**not fall within the scope of the Temporary Protection Directive.**\n\n\n\n11. European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the\nTemporary Protection Directive\u2019\n\n\n\nLarge scale family separation is one of the defining\nfeatures of the Ukraine crisis. According to results\nfrom UNHCR\u2019s ongoing protection monitoring\nexercise conducted in seven countries,12 78 percent\nof respondents have been separated from their\nimmediate family members. Family separation in a\nrefugee context often exacerbates several\nprotection risks including gender-based violence,\nhuman trafficking, exploitation, isolation and trauma,\nparticularly for persons with specific needs, such as\nunaccompanied and separated children, older\npersons and persons with disabilities. Rights to\nfamily unity and family life are well established in\ninternational and regional law, whilst family unity\nprovides an essential framework of protection in\ndisplacement.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the large-scale family separation,\nat least 12 of the 26 countries monitored lack a\nsystem to reunite families. In some of these\n\n\n\ncountries, TP beneficiaries are legally entitled to\nfamily reunification, however, there is a lack of an\nequivalent process giving effect to the right. Even in\ncountries which have a process in place enabling\nfamily reunification, refugees report facing various\nobstacles such as lack of information about the\nprocedures involved, inability to cover associated\ncosts and difficulty establishing family relations due\nto lack of documentation.\n\n\nWhilst TP beneficiaries have specific rights to family\nreunification under the Directive, it is currently\nunclear which procedures Member States are\nexpected to put into place to give effect to these\nrights. In addition, there are outstanding questions\nrelating to child TP beneficiaries who wish to reunite\nwith their parents or other relatives, as this does not\nappear to be currently provided for under the\nrelevant sections of the Directive.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Persons with specific needs\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (4)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall provide necessary medical or other assistance to persons enjoying temporary\nprotection who have special needs, such as unaccompanied minors or persons who have undergone torture,\nrape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **The systematic identification of persons with specific needs remains a key gap across many**\n**Member States.**\n\n - **UNHCR recommends that procedures to identify persons at heightened risk are included as**\n**part of registration procedures for temporary protection and other forms of legal stay, as**\n**well as procedures to renew residency and other associated documentation to enhance**\n**opportunities for the identification of these groups.**\n\n\n\n\n- **Identification of individuals at heightened risk must be further matched with upscaling**\n**specialized services with adequate capacity and resources, which are adapted to the needs**\n**and numbers of persons of concern.**\n\n\n\nFor example, some countries only implement\nidentification procedures for unaccompanied minors\nwhile excluding other population groups including\npeople with disabilities and older persons.\nMoreover, in certain countries, institutions tasked\nwith identifying persons with specific needs operate\non an ad hoc basis due to limited capacity or have\ndrastically reduced their presence at reception\nfacilities, limiting their effectiveness.\n\n\nIn several countries monitored, refugees with\nspecific needs reported limited access to dedicated\nservices including healthcare and suitable\naccommodation, which is partially attributed to the\nlack of or incomplete nature of identification\nprocedures.\n\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection monitoring, 24% of\nrespondents reported at least one household\nmember with a specific need, including persons\nwith disabilities, serious medical needs, older\npersons and separated or unaccompanied\nchildren.13 Persons with specific needs can face\nspecific barriers that prevent them from fully\nenjoying their rights or accessing the services they\nneed, and can be at heightened risk of\ndiscrimination, abuse, violence and neglect during\ndisplacement and in their country of asylum. It is\ntherefore crucial that they are systematically\nidentified at an early stage and referred to services\nand support in a timely manner to mitigate\nprotection risks they may face.\n\n\nOut of the 26 countries monitored, 17 have formal\nprocedures in place to identify persons with specific\n\n\n\nneeds, albeit with some gaps in implementation as\noutlined below. Nine countries were identified as\nlacking formal procedures to identify persons at\nheightened risk.\n\n\nIn countries without formal procedures to identify\npersons with specific needs, identification largely\ndepends on how \u201cvisible\u201d specific needs are or on\nwhere individuals are accommodated. For instance,\nTP beneficiaries with specific needs residing in\nsmaller shelters managed by non-governmental\norganizations (NGOs) are more likely to be identified\nas compared to those who live in collective centers\nor with host families. The lack of procedures to\nidentify persons with specific needs hinders their\nability to access dedicated services. To illustrate, in\nsome cases, people with physical disabilities have\nreported being referred to accommodation centers\n\n\n\nwhich are ill-equipped to meet their needs.\nFurthermore, the absence of identification\nprocedures prevents data collection on the\nprevalence of persons with specific needs as well\nas their needs, thereby limiting the development of\na tailored response.\n\n\nIn the 17 countries which have procedures in place\nto identify persons with specific needs, the process\ngreatly varies. Some countries have assigned social\nworkers to reception facilities; some have\nintroduced medical screening at reception facilities.\nSome countries also rely on the assistance of NGOs\nand the Red Cross to identify individuals with\nspecific needs. Even in these countries, however,\nthe process generally lacks comprehensiveness.\n\n\n\n13. UNHCR protection monitoring for the Ukraine refugee situation results, May to September 2022. Protection monitoring was\nconducted in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.\n\n\n18 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n**In Focus**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### Education\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 14 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall grant to persons under 18 years of age enjoying temporary protection access to the\neducation system under the same conditions as nationals of the host Member State. The Member States may\nstipulate that such access must be confined to the state education system.\nThe Member States may allow adults enjoying temporary protection access to the general education system.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Supporting schools in host states to increase capacity and provision of language courses**\n**will enhance effective access to education for refugee children from Ukraine as well as**\n**supporting their parents and caretakers to access the labour market.**\n\n - **Engaging with displaced families and communities on options for education including**\n**through integrating refugee community members into national schools as teaching support**\n**assistants, is key to building trust and promoting effective access to education**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO EDUCATION**\n\n\nlack of specific\n\n\n\nlack of space in\n\nlocal school\n\n\n\nlanguage barriers lack of permanent\n\naddress\n\n\n\nlack of information\n\n\n\ndocuments required to\n\nregister with local schools\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**22/26** **17/26** **12/26** **4/26** **4/26**\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n\n20 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Labour market\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 12**\n\n\nThe Member States shall authorise, for a period not exceeding that of temporary protection, persons enjoying\ntemporary protection to engage in employed or self-employed activities, subject to rules applicable to the\nprofession, as well as in activities such as educational opportunities for adults, vocational training and practical\nworkplace experience. For reasons of labour market policies, Member States may give priority to\nEU citizens and citizens of States bound by the Agreement on the European Economic Area and also to legally\nresident third country nationals who receive unemployment benefit. The general law in force in the Member\nStates applicable to remuneration, access to social security systems relating to employed or self-employed\nactivities and other conditions of employment shall apply.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Increased provision of childcare (including through increasing the capacity of local schools)**\n**and increased language learning for adults are key to expanding refugees\u2019 effective access**\n**to employment opportunities and supporting their inclusion in host states**\n\n - **Focus needs to be placed on removing administrative, legal or practical barriers to**\n**accessing decent work, including through skills recognition and upskilling, job-matching**\n**and information provision.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO ACCESS LABOUR MARKET**\n\n\n\nThe number of children arriving in EU Member\nStates from Ukraine has been unprecedented and\nhas created significant practical and logistical\nchallenges to rapidly absorb them into national\nschool systems. UNHCR\u2019s research has identified a\nrange of barriers which impede children\u2019s access to\neducation in host countries.\n\n\nIn 22 of the 26 countries monitored, refugees\nreported lack of space in schools as a major\nhindrance to access education at the pre-primary,\nprimary, and secondary levels. The lack of space in\nschools is particularly pronounced in areas hosting\nlarge number of refugees and where most\naccommodation centers are located, such as major\nurban centres. This barrier was confirmed by\nresearch conducted by ICVA members including\nDRC. In several countries, a shortage of teachers is\nalso pointed out as an additional barrier.\n\n\nIn 17 of the 26 countries monitored, language\nbarriers were identified as an obstacle hindering\naccess across all levels of education, with some\nrefugees reporting struggling to understand\npaperwork associated with school registration. This\nwas additionally confirmed by data collected by\nICVA members including WVI. It is positive to note\nthat, to facilitate access to education, many\ncountries have started offering language classes;\nhowever, these classes are currently not at the\nrequired scale to meet the size of the identified\nneeds. Hiring members of the refugee community\nas teaching assistants has been identified as an\nimportant way to both alleviate staffing capacity\nissues in schools as well as addressing language\nbarriers.\n\n\nA lack of stable accommodation also presented a\nchallenge to access to education. TP beneficiaries\nacross 12 countries reported limited access to\neducation due to uncertainties surrounding their\naccommodation arrangements. In particular,\nrefugees housed in emergency reception centers\nhesitated to register their children in school due to\nthe high probability of relocation and subsequent\nneed to enroll their children in an alternative school.\n\n\n\nOther challenges reported included bureaucratic\nrequirements relating to school registration; for\nexample, schools in some countries request medical\nreports, proof of vaccination and authenticated\ntranslation of academic records obtained in Ukraine\nas a precondition to enroll children, which refugees\noften struggle to provide due to various reasons\nincluding inability to cover associated costs. It is\npositive to note that some states have addressed\nthese challenges by implementing flexible\napproaches.\n\n\nTemporary Protection holders have in some cases\nfaced problems enrolling their children in national\neducation systems in host countries if they were not\nprovided with a residency permit or another\ndocument indicating an address linked to their\nplace of residence. The lack of registration of an\naddress, including for some who applied for TP, has\nalso complicated planning of capacity in schools in\nsome EU countries. This is because education\nauthorities are unable to accurately assess how\nmany children of compulsory school age are\npresent in any given school district or education\nadministration entity.\n\n\nWhile the TP Directive guarantees access to\neducation for Ukrainian refugees, it does not oblige\nEU Member States to ensure TP holders enroll\nchildren of compulsory school age in national\nschool systems no more than \u201cthree months from\nthe date on which the application for international\nprotection was lodged by or on behalf of the minor\u201d.\nThis three-month limit on enrolment only applies to\nasylum-seekers (see Article 14 of EU Directive\n2013/33). Member States also do not have the\nobligation to provide preparatory classes, when\nneeded, to TP beneficiaries entering the national\nschool system. Those preparatory classes are only\nmandated for asylum-seekers (ibidem).\n\n\nThis has led some EU countries to postpone\nenrolment of Ukrainian children beyond the threemonth period and to provide exemptions to the\nobligation to organize preparatory classes, creating\na discrepancy in the legal time limit for the\nenrolment of TP holders and asylum-seekers as well\nas the preparatory learning support they receive.\n\n\n\nlack of decent\n\nemployment\n\nopportunities\n\n\n\nlack of child care\n\narrangements\n\n\n\nlanguage barriers lack of information\n\n\n\nlengthy and\n\ncomplicated skills\n\nrecognition procedures\n\n\n###### **22/26 18/26 13/26 12/26 9/26**\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n\n22 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\nschool systems", - "confidence": 0.5267863273620605, - "start": 302, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6615365743637085, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host countries", - "confidence": 0.5632930397987366, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.977384090423584, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical\nreports", - "confidence": 0.7489684224128723, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9655337929725647, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6565541625022888, - "start": 650, - "end": 651 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nEffective access to decent employment\nopportunities is key to promoting refugees\u2019 selfsufficiency and to avoid exacerbating protection\nrisks if refugees are unable to meet their basic\nneeds, including risks of exploitation and abuse.\nUNHCR\u2019s research has identified a range of barriers\nwhich are impacting upon refugees\u2019 right to\nemployment under the Directive.\n\n\nIn 22 of the 26 countries monitored, TP\nbeneficiaries reported lack of childcare services as\na major hindrance to access the labour market.\nSimilar observations were made by ICVA members,\naccording to data collected by DRC and WVI. This is\npartly attributed to lack of spaces in day-care\nfacilities and primary schools. In a context where 87\nper cent of household members are women and\nchildren with a high proportion of single\ncaretakers,15 childcare provision is an urgent and\npressing need to promote socio-economic\ninclusion. In 18 of the 26 countries assessed,\nlanguage barriers are also identified as a challenge\nand are exacerbated by the limited availability of\nlanguage classes targeting adults.\n\n\nAcross 13 countries, refugees have also reported a\nlack of information as a barrier to access the labour\nmarket. Refugees generally lacked information on\ntheir rights under applicable employment law and\nrelated working conditions, and available job\nopportunities. In particular, the lack of information\non working conditions exposes refugees to\nexploitative labour and informal employment\nwithout access to social insurance. In some\ncountries, TP beneficiaries have reported working\n\n\n\nlong hours, earning low wages, and being denied\ncertain employment benefits including health\ninsurance which they were otherwise entitled to\nunder the national law. This is worsened by\nemployers' lack of awareness on the rights of TP\nholders to employment, an obstacle identified in\nseveral countries monitored.\n\n\nIn some 12 countries, refugees reported lengthy and\ncomplicated procedures associated with\nrecognition of qualifications, resulting in\nunderemployment and limited access to decent\nemployment opportunities. Other challenges\naffecting refugees\u2019 access to labour markets include\nscarce employment opportunities, including due to\nskills mismatch, and lack of stable accommodation.\nRefugees reported limited housing facilities near\nareas with greater employment opportunities.\nEmployers were also reported as less inclined to\nhire people without a permanent registered\naddress, which poses a challenge for individuals\nliving in temporary accommodation and other\ntransitional forms of shelter.\n\n\nIn most of the countries monitored, refugees can\naccess the labour market by simply registering for\nTP or once they obtain their TP certificates. In a\nlimited number of countries, however, TP\nbeneficiaries additionally require a residence permit\nand/or a work permit to access employment\nopportunities. In some cases, refugees have\nreported delays in obtaining these documents,\nwhich in turn limited their access to employment\nopportunities\n\n\n### Social protection\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (2)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall make provision for persons enjoying temporary protection to receive necessary\nassistance in terms of social welfare and means of subsistence, if they do not have sufficient resources, as well\nas for medical care. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, the assistance necessary for medical care shall include\nat least emergency care and essential treatment of illness\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Ensure unhindered and effective access to documentation and identity documents, in**\n**particular residence registration at the municipal level.**\n\n - **Review social protection laws and policies to ensure these are inclusive, non-discriminatory,**\n**consistent, clearly formulated and avoid ambiguity. Ensure the establishment of**\n**mechanisms to facilitate enjoyment of rights in practice.**\n\n - **Strengthen evidence on effective inclusion and systematically identify access barriers**\n**through regular monitoring.**\n\n - **Build capacity for inclusion through training of social service providers, expanding cultural**\n**mediation and multi-lingual services, combating xenophobia and discrimination and**\n**providing adequate resources.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO ACCESS SOCIAL PROTECTION**\n\n\n\ndifferent level of access lack of permanent\n\nexceeds social\n\nlack of information language barriers to social protection to address\nprotection support\n\n\n\nnationals\n\n\n\ncost of living\n\n\n\nexceeds social\n\n\n\ndifferent level of access\n\n\n\nto social protection to\n\n\n\naddress\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n15. UNHCR, \u2018Lives on Hold: Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine\u2019, September 2022, available at: [https://data.unhcr.org/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n[en/documents/details/95767](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n\n\n24 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nLack of information is reported as a major obstacle\nto accessing social protection, with similar\nobservations made by ICVA members who\ncontributed to the research (WVI, DRC, Helsinki\nFoundation). TP beneficiaries in 15 countries\nreported lacking access to information on their\nentitlements to social protection schemes and how,\nwhere and when to access them. In some countries,\nrelevant entities are also not aware of the rights of\nTP beneficiaries to social protection services,\nresulting in delays and denial of access. Refugees\nacross 12 countries have also reported language\nbarriers as impediments to access social protection\nservices. Service providers generally lacked\ninterpretation services, whilst in some cases the\nrelevant forms are only available in local languages.\n\n\nRefugees also reported that the cost of living\nsubstantially exceeds the social assistance\nprovided. In some countries, refugees only receive\na one-time cash grant, which is inadequate to cover\nliving costs in major cities and towns where many\nare concentrated. Several refugees reported that\nsome individuals have made premature decisions to\nreturn to Ukraine due to their inability to cover their\nbasic needs in host countries.\n\n\nRefugees reported a lack of stable housing as an\nobstacle hindering access to social protection\nservices. Some were unable to register for social\nbenefits due to lack of a permanent registered\naddress, disproportionately impacting those\nresiding in transitional shelters and other forms of\ntemporary accommodation. Some also reported\ndelays in receiving payments due to a change of\naddress.\n\n\n\nIn 15 of the 26 countries monitored, TP beneficiaries\nhave access to social protection on an equal\nstanding with nationals. In the remaining 11\ncountries, refugees do not enjoy similar access as\nnationals, partly due to a lack of permanent\nresidence which is a pre-condition to access certain\nforms of social protection schemes in some\ncountries. The rights of TP beneficiaries to social\nprotection also differs from those of recognized\nrefugees in a number of MS, enabling access to a\nlimited number of schemes only, which may\nparticularly impact those with specific needs, such\nas older persons, persons with disabilities and those\nwith chronic illnesses. In addition, some legal\nbarriers remain for both recognized refugees and\nTP beneficiaries alike, including minimum length-of\nresidence requirements to access certain schemes\n(e.g. social housing or basic income);\ninconsistencies between laws both at the national\nand the local level with differing conditions, with\naccess in some contexts requiring naturalization.\n\n\nThe documentary requirements to access social\nprotection schemes differ by country. In some\ncountries, simply registering for TP or obtaining the\nrelevant certificate is sufficient. In other countries,\nrefugees are required to have a residence permit\nand/or documents proving that they are in need of\nsocial protection.\n\n\nIn light of these findings, recommendations made in\nUNHCR\u2019s Social Protection Policy brief16 published\nin September 2021 still apply and may support a\nmulti-stakeholder approach for facilitating effective\naccess for both refugees from Ukraine and refugees\nfrom other areas of the world.\n\n\n### Healthcare\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (2)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall make provision for persons enjoying temporary protection to receive necessary\nassistance in terms of social welfare and means of subsistence, if they do not have sufficient resources, as well\nas for medical care. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, the assistance necessary for medical care shall include\nat least emergency care and essential treatment of illness\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Integration of healthcare professionals from refugee communities into national healthcare**\n**systems benefits both host and refugee communities, through enhancing health system**\n**capacities, addressing language barriers, facilitating information exchange and building**\n**trust.**\n\n - **Host states are encouraged to integrate health professionals from Ukraine into national**\n**health systems and work towards their accreditation.**\n\n\n**TOP 4 BARRIERS TO ACCESS HEALTHCARE**\n\n\n\nlack of capacity of the access limited to\n\nlanguage barriers lack of information\nhealthcare system emergency care only\n\n\n\nlack of capacity of the\n\n\n\nemergency care only\n\n\n#### **11/26 9/26 5/26 4/26**\n\ncountries countries countries countries\n\n\n16. [https://www.unhcr.org/partners/ngodirectory/61558a764/unhcr-social-protection-policy-brief.html](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/ngodirectory/61558a764/unhcr-social-protection-policy-brief.html)\n\n\n26 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier is one of the most reported\nimpediments for access to healthcare, with similar\nobservations made by ICVA members including\nDRC. In many countries, TP beneficiaries reported a\nlack of interpretation services at health facilities,\nwith patients often expected to bring their own\ninterpreters. It is positive to note that initiatives to\nprovide translation services for refugees seeking\nhealthcare have been introduced in some countries,\nalthough such initiatives require upscale and\nexpansion. Lack of information or knowledge on\nhow to access health services is also mentioned as\nan obstacle hindering access to healthcare. In this\nregard, TP beneficiaries particularly reported\nlacking information on how to access medical\nservices and where and how to submit\nreimbursement claims.\n\n\nThe limited capacity of health facilities is also\nfrequently reported, a challenge that predates the\nUkraine crisis in many of the countries monitored.\nFurthermore, in certain countries, TP beneficiaries\nare only entitled to emergency care, depriving them\nof access to preventive and tertiary healthcare\nservices. The limitation of access to emergency\ncare is particularly challenging for people with\npre-existing medical conditions, with some\nreportedly forced to return to Ukraine to access\naffordable care for their conditions.\n\n\n\nTP beneficiaries with pre-existing medical\nconditions faced increased challenges to access\nhealthcare services. The limited capacity of\nhealthcare systems in some countries often means\nthat there are long waiting times to access medical\ncare. Even in countries where there is greater\naccess to general healthcare, there is limited access\nto specialized medical services. Refugees also\nreported the lack of documentation proving\nprevious diagnosis as additional obstacle for\nindividuals with pre-existing medical conditions.\n\n\nUNHCR monitoring has identified that, amongst the\n63% of survey respondents who were engaged in\neconomic activity prior to leaving Ukraine, 7% were\nworking in health or social services.17 The presence\nof large numbers of qualified professionals amongst\nthe refugee community is an asset to host states.\nTheir engagement in the national health sector can\nbring several benefits to hosting communities,\nbeyond facilitating access to healthcare for\nrefugees, including enhancing health system\ncapacity, easing language barriers and facilitating\ninformation exchange with the refugee community\non access to health services as well as building trust\nbetween host and refugee communities. Healthcare\nworkers who are able to continue practicing their\nprofessional skills in displacement will additionally\nbe a larger asset to recovery efforts in Ukraine once\nconditions for return exist.\n\n\n### Accommodation\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall ensure that persons enjoying temporary protection have access to suitable\naccommodation or, if necessary, receive the means to obtain housing.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **A lack of sustainable, longer-term housing has had a multifaceted impact on refugees\u2019**\n**ability to exercise their other rights including education, employment, and social protection.**\n\n - **Persons with specific needs, including older persons, people with disabilities and people**\n**with pre-existing medical conditions, require accessible and adapted accommodation**\n**located in areas with access to essential services including health care.**\n\n\n\nAll the 26 countries monitored have a scheme in\nplace to provide TP beneficiaries with\naccommodation or subsidies to that end. The type\nof accommodation assistance provided significantly\ndiffers by country. Some countries provide state-run\naccommodation centres, whilst some also provide\nrental subsidies to refugees opting to live in private\nhousing. Several countries also offer grants to\nindividuals hosting TP beneficiaries.\n\n\nIt is worth noting, however, the accommodation\nassistance schemes which are in place are\npredominantly for the short-term. UNHCR\u2019s\nintentions surveys found that 27% of respondents\nwould need to find another form of accommodation\nwithin the next 6 months.8 Around a quarter of\nrefugees were also unsure of how long they would\nbe able to stay in their current accommodation.\nRespondents who could only stay for three months\nor less in their current accommodation most\nfrequently indicated that the free accommodation\n\n\n18. Ibid\n\n\n\nprogramme they were benefiting from would end\nsoon, that the rental / lease period is running out, or\nthat they have been requested to leave.\n\n\nMeanwhile, finding alternative accommodation\nremains a challenge, mostly due to a shortage of\naffordable accommodation, common in urban areas\nwhere many refugees reside. Refugees also face\ndifficulty accessing housing markets, including due\nto lack of documentation and the temporary nature\nof their stay as landlords often prefer long-term\ntenants. A lack of sustainable, longer-term housing\nis having a multifaceted impact on refugees\u2019 ability\nto exercise their other rights including education,\nemployment, and social protection. The need to\ntransition towards longer-term and more durable\naccommodation remains a critical need. In addition,\npersons with specific needs reported several\nchallenges in securing accessible and adapted\naccommodation located in areas with access to\nessential services including health care.\n\n\n\n17. UNHCR, \u2018Lives on Hold: Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine\u2019, July 2022, available at: [https://data.unhcr.org/en/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176)\n[documents/details/94176](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176)\n\n\n\n28 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 29\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7330085039138794, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7560380697250366, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8620138168334961, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9884672164916992, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions surveys", - "confidence": 0.9050114154815674, - "start": 677, - "end": 679 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9730110764503479, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9511832594871521, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Lives on Hold", - "confidence": 0.8801572322845459, - "start": 907, - "end": 910 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5171346664428711, - "start": 911, - "end": 918 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.953926146030426, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9841150045394897, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9832308292388916, - "start": 921, - "end": 922 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8731541633605957, - "start": 915, - "end": 916 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n### Emerging practices: addressing barriers to rights\n\n\n\nTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\n\n\nThis non-exhaustive compilation of emerging practices draws from examples of how\npractical, administrative and legal barriers to the enjoyment of rights contained under\nTemporary Protection Directive have been addressed in several countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRegistrion Documentation Freedom of movement Education Labour market Social Protection Healthcare\n\n\nDisclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n*Serbia and Kosovo (S/RES/1244 [1999])\n\n\n\n30 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n\nU N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 1 31\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE**\n**TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE:**\n**SIX MONTHS ON**\n\nOctober 2022\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/europe\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7a4d4de-023f-4c47-a71b-303371e62100/20221017%20Implementation%20of%20TPD%20six%20months%20on.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_350/raw/doc_350_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_350/raw/doc_350_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c70897871c8749ffc9dc3f0cc8c9f6bb26cb6531..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_350/raw/doc_350_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 5 - October\n\n##### **Guiding Principle 19:**\n###### 1-All wounded and sick internally displaced persons as well as those with disabilities shall receive to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay, the medical care and attention they require, without distinction on any grounds other than medical ones. When necessary, internally displaced persons shall have access to psychological and social services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nPsychosocial wellbeing is an important element when\ndefining a healthy individual. The term \u201cpsychosocial\u201d\nreflects the dynamic relationship between psychological\nand social processes. Psychosocial wellbeing of individuals faces major threats in emergencies and crises.\nMental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) is a\nterm used to describe a wide range of interventions aiming at promoting and protecting psychosocial wellbeing,\nas well as preventing and treating mental disorders that\nare either pre-existing or emergency-induced. MHPSS\nsupport includes integrating psychosocial considerations\nin basic services, promoting existing family and community supports, providing individuals, families and groups\nwith focused support, and providing specialized mental\nhealth services.\n\n\nMental health and psychosocial problems are common\nin all communities of the world; however, they are much\nmore frequent among people who have faced adversity\nsuch as exposure to a humanitarian crisis where the number of severe forms of mental disorders and mild to moderate forms is almost doubled.\n\n\nThe on-going conflict in Syria has resulted in massive population displacement and growing humanitarian needs\ninside Syria. The UN estimates that 6.45 million people\nare internally displaced, and a total of 10.8 million are in\nneed of humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n\nAs a result of witnessing or experiencing severely distressing events, many Syrians now suffer from various mental\nhealth and psychological problems. It is estimated that\nmore than 350,000 individuals suffer from severe form\nof mental disorders, over 2,000,000 suffer from mild to\nmoderate mental problems such as anxiety and depression disorders, and a large percentage have moderate to\nsevere psychological/social distress (WHO). Moreover,\n10-15% of pregnant women in Syria is estimated to be\nexposed to pre-post partum depression (UNFPA). This\nimpacts negatively on them completing daily tasks, maintaining good social and family relationships as well as taking care of their physical health.\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nThere are many ways to improve the lives of people with\nmental disorders. One of them is through developing policies, plans and programmes which contribute to the provision of better services.\n\n\nMental health legislation exists in Syria, but it refers to the\nyear 1953, and as such is quite outdated in contemporary\ntimes. However in 2010, new legislation in relation to mental health was drafted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organization but has yet to\nbe ratified.\n\n\nMoreover, a mental health strategy in Syria was revised in\n2007 and officially approved in 2011 [1] . The mental health\npolicy aims to integrate mental health into the primary\nhealth care and secondary health care systems, including\ninvolving mental health professionals in primary health\ncare centers, adding psychiatric units in public hospitals\nand organizing awareness-raising campaigns to reduce\nstigma. In 2001 the Psychiatric Directorate was also established within the Ministry of Health to improve and develop mental health services.\n\n\n1. WHO 2011 Mental Health Atlas\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 5** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n\n\n\n\nPsychiatrists, trained general practitioners, neurologists,\nand psychiatric residents may provide psychiatric services in Syria legally and the licensing of psychiatrists is for\nlife. Although there was an initiative for a yearly review\nof licenses in order to ensure higher standards of service\nprovision, at present there is no legal licensing system for\npsychologists, psychiatric nurses and social workers, nor\ngoverning legislation or monitoring structures for psychological services, social work, school counseling and psychiatric nursing. A resolution by the Syrian Ministry of Health\nfor the establishment of an MHPSS council was issued in\n2012 as a governing body with all stakeholders, but has yet\nto be implemented.\n\n\n\nA multidisciplinary model in MHPSS has been recently introduced in few governorates in the country. This model\nof practice has been developed by UN agencies in Syria to\nensure the provision of a comprehensive service provided\nby a team of MHPSS professionals addressing patients and\nfamilies.\n\n\n**Undergraduate and postgraduate**\n**studies preparing MHPSS profession-**\n**als are still in need of support. In-**\n**vestment in capacity building would**\n**make a tremendous difference in the**\n**service provided in the country.**\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\nThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), along\nwith the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\n(ICCPR, 1966) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966), together make\nup what is known as the \u201cInternational Bill of Rights\u201d. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, provides that all people\nare free and equal in rights and dignity. Thus people with\nmental disorders are also entitled to the enjoyment and\nprotection of their fundamental human rights [2] .\n\n\n2. WHO resource book on mental health, human rights and legislation, WHO, 2005.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 5** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\nA fundamental human rights obligation in all three instruments is the protection against discrimination.\n\n\nFurthermore, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights specifies that the right to health includes the\nright to access rehabilitation services [3] . This also implies\na right to access and benefit from services that enhance\nautonomy. The right to dignity is also protected under the\nICESCR as well as the ICCPR. Other important rights specifically protected in the International Bill of Rights include\nthe right to community integration, the right to reasonable accommodation [4], the right to liberty and security of\nperson [5] and the need for affirmative action to protect the\nrights of persons with disabilities which includes persons\nwith mental disorders.\n\n\nThe International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights establishes the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and\nmental health [6] .\nGeneral Comment 14 of the Committee on Economic,\nSocial and Cultural Rights aims to assist countries in the\nimplementation of the Article 12 and specifies that the\nright to health contains both freedoms and entitlements,\nwhich include the right to control one\u2019s health and body,\nincluding sexual and reproductive freedom, and the right\nto be free from interference, such as the right to be free\nfrom torture, non-consensual medical treatment and\nexperimentation. Entitlements also include the right to\na system of health protection that provides people with\nequality of opportunity to enjoy the highest attainable\nlevel of health. According to the Committee, the right\nto health includes the following interrelated elements:\nAvailability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality.\n\n\n\nMoreover, the legally binding UN Convention on the\nRights of the Child includes protection of children from all\nforms of physical and mental abuse, non-discrimination,\nthe right to life, survival and development, the best interests of the child and respect for the views of the child [7] .\n\n\nFurthermore, the UN Principles for the protection of\npersons with mental health GA resolution highlights the\nfundamental freedoms and basic rights of people [8] including the right to the best available mental health care, the\nright of all persons with a mental illness to be treated\nwith humanity and respect and be protected from economic, sexual and other forms of exploitation, physical\nor other abuse and degrading treatment, the right to be\ntreated without discrimination on the grounds of mental\nillness and finally the right to exercise all civil, political,\neconomic, social and cultural rights.\n\n\n3. General Comment 5 of the Committee on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\n4. General Comment 5 of the Committee on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\n5. Article 9, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\n6. Article 12, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\n7. Articles 23, 25, 27 and 32, UN Convention on the Rights of the\nChild\n8. 46/119 of 17 December 1991\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 5** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector response**\n\nThe Sector response is extended to\nfour levels of interventions, as per\nthe Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC) guidelines, the response\nincludes structured PSS activities for\nvulnerable groups in shelters, integration of MHPSS considerations in basic\nservices for more than 6,000 IDPs in\nshelters, capacity building activities\nfor volunteers and professionals as\nwell as specialized mental health psychosocial support services. Therefore\nsince the beginning of 2014:\n\n\n- 9,233 IDPs have been provided\nwith MHPSS services by multidisciplinary teams in clinics in\nDamascus and Rural Damascus.\n62% received case management\nservices by trained psychologists, 27% received specialized mental health treatment by psychiatrists and 11% received psychotherapy sessions.\n\n- 250 primary health care physicians in seven governorates received training on Mental Health Gap Action Program\n(MHGAP), as part of MHPSS services integration in primary health care.\n\n- 36 psychologists have been trained through a psychotherapy diploma program which is the first in its kind in the\ncountry. The program equips the trainees with skills for basic and advanced counseling, family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.\n\n- 1,103 professionals and community workers have been trained on skills, tools and at udes. 15 professionals have\nreceived training of trainers for frontline workers, 919 front line workers on supportive communication and psychological First Aid in the various governorates and 100 community workers and volunteers on Non-violent communication. In addition, 29 professionals have been prepared through a Master program on \u201cPsychosocial Support\nand Dialogue\u201d, 20 professionals were offered a follow up training on art based intervention, 37 volunteers on basic\npsycho-social support, psychological first aid, MHPSS consideration in gender based violence, non-specialized PSS\nactivities, special needs for children and adolescents and peer support.\n\n- 202 shelter managers from Damascus, Rural Damascus, Tartous, Aleppo and Homs have been trained on how to\nprotect and promote the psychosocial well-being of residents.\n\n- Continuous technical support has been provided to caregivers in an orphanage in Rural Damascus accommodating\n195 orphans.\n\n- More than 1,700 especially designed psychosocial activities have been conducted with groups of 1,800 IDP children, mothers, and adolescents in shelters by trained PSS volunteers and psychologists.\n\n- A child and family care center in Damascus has been initiated as a child friendly space where specialized and nonspecialized services have been provided to 909 affected children in addition to 125 children with special needs,\nwith the help of outreach volunteers. 205 parents/caregivers benefited so far. Support has been provided to three\ngeneral governmental and non-governmental hospitals in Damascus and Lattakia to establish a mental health unit\nin order to meet the needs of psychiatric patients.\n\n- 27 mobile teams and 28 static clinics have integrated PSS counseling and services in cooperation with local partners.\n\n- Capacity building on PSS has been provided to around 300 service providers from local and international NGOs and\nUN staff.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 5** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector Response**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 30.09.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\nAjmal Khybari\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 5** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83675271-627a-3ffa-82fa-3ada3b4b7da5/Echoes%20from%20syria_En%205.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_351/raw/doc_351_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_351/raw/doc_351_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 99b68d60da8bdb3b7633bdd4a9218ea8a7bdb7c5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_351/raw/doc_351_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n### **10 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631**\n\n###### **\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626** **\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a 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"text": "\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633", - "confidence": 0.5466486215591431, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e057729f-49d4-3012-b945-1a2b2507ed29/Echoes_Ar%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n:\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n\u0644\u062a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\n\u0627\u0622\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\n\n\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 1.1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06462014 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\n\n\n**10 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a", - "confidence": 0.6587017774581909, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.651664674282074, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5892539620399475, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e057729f-49d4-3012-b945-1a2b2507ed29/Echoes_Ar%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a**\n###### **2014.12.31 - 2014.01.01**\n\n**:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642**\n\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\n\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 zapata@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**10 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e057729f-49d4-3012-b945-1a2b2507ed29/Echoes_Ar%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_352/raw/doc_352_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_352/raw/doc_352_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 171cabf0bc717d7da146a9d28b084fce3bf97f43..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_352/raw/doc_352_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n### **11 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1e544cd-5169-3838-97ec-28055bbc64e8/Echoes_Ar%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\n\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 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[3] \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\n\n\n\n\n\n**11 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635", - "confidence": 0.7823730707168579, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7222145199775696, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5068182945251465, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1e544cd-5169-3838-97ec-28055bbc64e8/Echoes_Ar%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a**\n\n\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649\n\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. 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"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646535", - "confidence": 0.5488278865814209, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2003 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u064530", - "confidence": 0.7545958757400513, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1e544cd-5169-3838-97ec-28055bbc64e8/Echoes_Ar%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_353/raw/doc_353_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_353/raw/doc_353_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e8b923f21b3030e936d44baedebc7e4e2ca1697a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- 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\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629|**2000**|\n\n\n\n**6 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6657636761665344, - "start": 202, - "end": 204 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c285d7dc-1de1-31a0-879b-20a072b7b68b/Echoes_Ar%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n###### **2014.10.31 - 2014.01.01**\n\n\n##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n**6 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c285d7dc-1de1-31a0-879b-20a072b7b68b/Echoes_Ar%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_354/raw/doc_354_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_354/raw/doc_354_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 46e841a88b34e85eaa99579b9664aa58d610d5ec..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_354/raw/doc_354_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,165 +0,0 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"1998", - "confidence": 0.5921141505241394, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72b13837-ca40-3721-b375-ce7e6ff1e0b8/Echoes_Ar%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **[\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a]**\n\n\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 2012 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 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"vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7466860413551331, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0648\u0646", - "confidence": 0.5415269136428833, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72b13837-ca40-3721-b375-ce7e6ff1e0b8/Echoes_Ar%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n**\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644**\n\n\n\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 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"start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646", - "confidence": 0.6442531943321228, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72b13837-ca40-3721-b375-ce7e6ff1e0b8/Echoes_Ar%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n###### **2014.11.30 - 2014.01.01**\n\n\n##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n**7 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72b13837-ca40-3721-b375-ce7e6ff1e0b8/Echoes_Ar%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_355/raw/doc_355_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_355/raw/doc_355_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index efbe42ff5d54cdabd8ebcb0fdd62ac1f00bba8d3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_355/raw/doc_355_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,119 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **:28 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a**\n\n\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 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[], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e36ffe1-3997-30ac-9713-22f9fb68b1a3/Echoes_Ar%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\n\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\n\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 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{ - "text": "\u062e\u0637\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 2014", - "confidence": 0.9008142352104187, - "start": 307, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5892913341522217, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8761322498321533, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.9622276425361633, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e36ffe1-3997-30ac-9713-22f9fb68b1a3/Echoes_Ar%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a 105 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 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\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c\n\u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0649.\n\n\n**8 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\n\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7568183541297913, - "start": 184, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6153193712234497, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8788480162620544, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e36ffe1-3997-30ac-9713-22f9fb68b1a3/Echoes_Ar%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642**\n\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n###### **2014.12.31 - 2014.01.01**\n\n\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\n\n**8 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e36ffe1-3997-30ac-9713-22f9fb68b1a3/Echoes_Ar%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_356/raw/doc_356_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_356/raw/doc_356_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6557f074ac29319cca4470bc3178c06d791520be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_356/raw/doc_356_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n### **9 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f- \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637**\n\n#### **:27 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a**\n\n\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u06291.1\n\u0644\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0621\n\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c\n\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\n\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4beafa5d-9910-31e0-adb6-2774f6f37953/Echoes_Ar%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649** **\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646** **\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643** **\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646** **. [1] \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646**\n\n\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\n\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\n\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\n\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629\n\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064e\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n\n###### **\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a** **\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646** **\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644** **\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b** **\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646** **\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646** **. [2] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a**\n\n\n\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643 1 1\nGood Humanitarian Donorship : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u06312 .2\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n##### **\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629**\n\n#### **\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629**\n\n\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a 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[3] \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\n\n\n\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0629\n\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\n\u0644\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u062f\u0645\n\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 - \u0628\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\n\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\n\u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\n. [4] \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\n\n\n**9 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6402605772018433, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4beafa5d-9910-31e0-adb6-2774f6f37953/Echoes_Ar%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629**\n\n\u0648\u064e \u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646\n\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\n\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.\n\n\n**9 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4beafa5d-9910-31e0-adb6-2774f6f37953/Echoes_Ar%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_357/raw/doc_357_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_357/raw/doc_357_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 453d4ee9ecf5d9ada4e2dd31ab6318c0cf137a8b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_357/raw/doc_357_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 10 - March 2015\n\n##### **IASC guidelines for GBV in** **Humanitarian settings**\n\n\nAll humanitarian actors must take action, from\nthe earliest stages of an emergency, to prevent\nsexual violence and provide appropriate\nassistance to survivors/victims.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ed586d1-8732-329d-b35e-d7f19f744450/Echoes_En%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nInternational Women\u2019s Day is held annually on 8 March to\ncelebrate women\u2019s achievements, recognize challenges,\nand focus greater attention on women\u2019s rights and gender\nequality. It is also known as the United Nations (UN) Day\nfor Women\u2019s Rights and International Peace. This year the\nfocus for the day was \u201cEmpowering Women: Empowering\nHumanity\u201d.\n\n\nOne of the challenges women face worldwide is GenderBased Violence (GBV) which normally increases during crises as women are often abused out of frustration and desperation. In addition, due to the collapse of social norms\nand the breakdown of law and order, many women face\nviolence and abuse at the hands of armies or militias.\n\n\nIn the past many Syrian girls grew up in a cohesive community, went to school, learnt skills and had their own choices.\nHowever, as a result of the crisis in Syria which has now entered its fifth year, many young women are rapidly married\noff to outsiders who offer the desperate families some lifesaving money or a promise of security for the young girl.\n\n\n\n\n\nOn top of this, Syrian women and girls are finding it increasingly difficult to access services such as healthcare and education. As a result of the crisis, an estimated 1,480 women\ngive birth in dire conditions every day due to the erosion\nof the healthcare system which has also led to outbreaks\nof communicable and vaccine-preventable diseases including polio and measles. It is also estimated that 3.9 million\nwomen and children are now in need of preventative and\ncurative nutrition services with 12.2 million people requiring\nlivelihood supports.\n\n\nFurthermore, women and adolescent girls are disproportionately affected by sexual violence due to forced displacement, family separation, lack of basic structural and societal\n\n\n\nprotections and limited availability of and safe access to\nservices. Expansion of SGBV prevention and response services should include safety audits, creation of safe spaces for\nwomen, psychosocial support services, case management,\nestablishment and development of existing SGBV referral\npathways, Psychosocial Support (PSS) and Clinical Management of Rape (CMR) trainings for health workers, livelihood\nactivities for survivors, provision of material and cash-based\nassistance and empowerment of women.\n\n\nAlthough GBV statistics are not easy to collect as GBV is\nusually passed over in deep silence, the majority of GBV\ncomplaints from assisted women in Syria is about domestic\nviolence, while sexual violence within marriage accounts for\nabout 20% and rape for about 1%.\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\n\nOne of the main instruments in relation to GBV is the 1979\nConvention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). The global engagement of\nthe international community to address GBV, led by civil\nsociety organizations has been manifested by the growing\nnumber of international conferences organized to put pressure on governments to take immediate action to combat\nGBV, including the recent Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict which was held in London in 2014.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 10** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ed586d1-8732-329d-b35e-d7f19f744450/Echoes_En%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\nSome of the main conventions and resolutions pertaining to GBV include:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1979|UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against
Women (CEDAW), which established gender discriminatoi n as the root cause of violence against women.|\n|---|---|\n|**1993**|At the World conference on Human Rights, women's right were recognized as human rights, and VAW
was identfed as an abuse and violaton of those rights|\n|**1993**|The UN adopted the Declaraton on the Eliminaton of Violence against Women which asserts that all
states should condemn violence against women and not invoke any custom, traditon or religious con-
sideraton to justfy its contnued existence.|\n|**1994**|Internatonal Conference on Populaton and Development (ICPD) urges countries to eliminate all forms
of exploitaton, violence, abuse, and harassment of women, adolescents and children through preven-
tve actons and the rehabilitaton of victms and survivors.|\n|**1995**|During the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, violence against women was defned as a
violaton of women's human rights.|\n|**2000**
**- **
**2013**|UN security Council adopted Resoluton 1325 on women, peace and security, ensuring increased rep-
resentaton of women at all decision-making levels in insttutons and programs devoted to the preven-
ton, management and resoluton of confict. UNSCR 1820 (2008), 1888 and 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010)
and 2106 (2013) built upon 1325 and brought a sharper focus to eliminatng confict- related sexual
violence|\n|**2008**|Launch of the 2008-2015 campaign, UNiTE to End Violence Against Women|\n|**2013**|57th Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) recommited itself to the eliminaton and preventon
of all forms of violence against women and children following the precursor 1993 Declaraton on the
Eliminaton and Preventon of all forms of Violence Against Women|\n\n\n\nMoreover, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)\nwhich was established in 1992 in response to UN General\nAssembly Resolution 46/182 on the strengthening of humanitarian assistance has developed guidelines to enable\nhumanitarian actors and communities to plan, establish\nand coordinate a set of minimum multi-sectorial interventions to prevent and respond to gender-based violence\nwith concentration on sexual violence during the early\nphase of an emergency.\n\n\nWhile the IASC guidelines focus on the early phase of an\nemergency, they also aim to inform and sensitize the humanitarian community on the existence of GBV during\nemergencies, which is a serious and life threatening protection issue, as well as offer concrete strategies for including GBV interventions and considerations in emergency\npreparedness planning and during more stabilized phases\nof emergencies. The guidelines are applicable in any emergency setting, regardless of whether the \u201cknown\u201d prevalence of sexual violence is high or low.\n\n\n\n**All**\n**humanitarian**\n**personnel should as-**\n**sume and believe that GBV,**\n**and in particular sexual violence,**\n**is taking place and is a serious and**\n**life-threatening protection issue,**\n**regardless of the presence or**\n**absence of concrete and**\n**reliable evidence.**\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 10** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ed586d1-8732-329d-b35e-d7f19f744450/Echoes_En%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nThe Syrian government has ratified most international\nconventions related to GBV with minimum reservations.\nMoreover, some legal progress regarding this issue has\nbeen achieved in Syria. For instance in 2009, the Personal\nStatus Law was finally amended through a decree that\nrepealed Article 548 of the Syrian Legal Code related to\nhonor killing, replacing this with an article that enforces a\nminimum jail sentence of five years for honor killing perpetrators.\n\n\nBefore the crisis few developments relevant to GBV occurred in the country such as the establishment of the\nNational Observatory on GBV and the first shelter for battered women including the victims of violence and trafficking as well as the adoption of the GBV protocol for\nmedical staff. However, a lot more work still needs to be\ndone in relation to GBV.\n\n\n**Law 11 (2013) amended Article 489 of the**\n**Syrian Penal Code:**\n**1. Whomever coerces any person into**\n**participating in a sexual act using vio-**\n**lence or threat shall be sentenced to**\n**life imprisonment with hard labor.**\n**2. The offender should be sentenced to**\n**death if:**\n**a. The victim is under 15 years of age,**\n**b. the Sexual assault has been com-**\n**mitted at gunpoint.**\n\n### **The Protection** **Sector Response**\n\n\nThe Protection Sector promotes and coordinates strategies and activities to prevent and combat GBV in Syria, in\naccordance with the IASC guidelines. Training on clinical\nmanagement of rape, psychosocial counseling, women\u2019s\nand girls\u2019 empowerment, support to women\u2019s shelters,\nhealth centers and safe spaces can all mitigate the effects\nof the crisis on women and girls in Syria.\n\n\nIn 2014, the Protection Sector reached over 1.1 million\npeople. Key achievements include the provision of psychosocial support, awareness raising activities on protec\n\n\ntion principles including on child protection and Gender\nBased Violence (GBV), protection activities including\nlearning and recreational activities and socioeconomic\nactivities.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe sector achievements also include GBV assessments,\naccess to child-friendly spaces and mobile child protection units, establishment of community centers and community-based initiatives in support of dignity and self-reliance, mine risk education, advocacy and capacity building\nand training for partners.\n\n\n**With sufficient technical and human resource ca-**\n**pacity, the following gender responsive actions**\n**should be prioritized:**\n\n\n1. Analyze gender across the response to provide a better and distinct understanding of the different effect\nof the crisis on women, girls, boys and men and adapt\nthe humanitarian response accordingly.\n2. Dedicated gender advisors to support the integration\nof gender analysis into assessments and response coordination at the sector/cluster level, including gender sensibility training for sector/cluster members.\n3. Collect sex and age-disaggregated data, mainstreamed across all sectors.\n4. Women\u2019s empowerment, including equal opportunities in training, assistance and targeted actions.\n\n\nOne of the most important recent developments in relation to GBV was on 01 December 2014, when UNHCR\non behalf of the Protection Sector, and the Ministry of\nSocial Affairs (MoSA) signed a framework agreement on\nestablishing a Women and Children Protection unit. The\nUnit, in line with the 2014 Syria Humanitarian Assistance\nResponse Plan (SHARP) and the 2015 Strategic Response\nPlan (SRP) is concerned with developing and implementing strategies, plans and programmes related to protection concerns in accordance with the relevant rules of international law.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 10** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex and age-disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9518024325370789, - "start": 566, - "end": 570 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ed586d1-8732-329d-b35e-d7f19f744450/Echoes_En%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector Response GBV Activities**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 31.12.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPablo Zapata\nzapata@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nProduced by UNHCR-Syria Reporting Unit on behalf of the PCSS\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 10** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ed586d1-8732-329d-b35e-d7f19f744450/Echoes_En%2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_358/raw/doc_358_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_358/raw/doc_358_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 577659b88296f0f84f0484b6bc675b1dbeb75c39..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_358/raw/doc_358_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n###### Issue 11 - April 2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46f3b407-b40e-3f0e-b976-3323def4e9e2/Echoes_En%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nAs the conflict in Syria continues now after entering its\nfifth year, reports have been received from civil society\nactors about increased child abductions and human trafficking for organ removal. This phenomenon which affects the most vulnerable has thus attracted the attention of the Protection Sector and its partners.\n\n\nAlthough human trafficking, as defined in the \u201cProtocol\nto Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons\u201d,\nincludes exploitation for the removal of organs, there is\nlittle knowledge of what this phenomenon entails. [1] During crises and war times, trafficking in human organs increase [2] for several reasons such as, but not limited to,\nfinancial needs, absence of rule of law, lack of awareness\nin the culture of organs\u2019 donation and the need of a person to implant an organ.\n\n\nTransplanting organs could be performed either from a\ndead body to a living human which is morally and legally\naccepted under certain conditions in Syria such as ensuring\nthat the transplant is not affecting the dignity of the corps\nor distorting the body and that the death report is issued\nby a committee of three doctors different from the doctors\nworking on transplanting of the organ, as well as ensuring\nthe validity of a written testament from the dead person\nor a written approval of the first degree family members.\n\n\nTransplanting organs could be also performed from a living person to another which should be governed by the\nlaw in Syria under very specific conditions such as ensuring that the organ is not essential for life and that the written testament is valid. The committee of three doctors\nmust guarantee that this operation is necessary for the\nrecipient and that it will not affect the life of the donor\nwho must be an adult presenting a full consent. As for\nminor siblings, it is limited to twins with the written approval of parents. In addition, the transplant must be with\nfull consent of the recipient with no financial exchange [3] .\n\n\n\nTrafficking in human organs could be done separately\nfrom trafficking in persons when the crime of selling and\nbuying human organs is committed separately from the\ncrime of trafficking in persons. Yet after issuing the Decree N. 3 for the year 2010 in Syria, most cases of trafficking in organs have been convicted due to the fact that\ntrafficking in persons is considered as collective crimes\nwith several aspects, and the highest penalty is therefore\ncharged.\n\n\nAs criminal courts\u2019 judges have a margin for personal\ninterpretation of the law, they usually impose a higher\npenalty, which is mostly laid in the counter trafficking law\ndue to the fact that they issue their judgment based on\nseveral crimes within their jurisdiction. The punishment is\nusually based on the severest crime, therefore, it is up to\nthe criminal judge to decide on more than one crime and\nopt for the highest punishment by the law.\n\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\n\nTrafficking of human organs are internationally condemned as:\n\n\n- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states the\nright to life (A3).\n\n\n- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and\nCultural Rights states the right to health.\n\n\n- The United Nations Convention against Transnational\nOrganized Crime represents a major step forward\nin the fight against transnational organized crime.\nStates that ratify this instrument commit themselves\nto taking a series of measures against transnational\norganized crime, including the creation of domestic\ncriminal offences; the adoption of new and sweeping\nframeworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance\nand law enforcement cooperation; and the promotion of training and technical assistance for building\nor upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities [4] .\n\n\n1. Global Eye on Human Trafficking, A bulletin of news, information\nand analysis on trafficking in persons published by IOM.\n2. Information captured through several unofficial meetings with\njudges and forensic doctors during the workshops.\n3. Law 31, for the year 1972, Article 2 (B).\n4. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/treaties/CTOC/\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 11** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46f3b407-b40e-3f0e-b976-3323def4e9e2/Echoes_En%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nThe Syrian legislations punish acts leading to the\nabuse of the human body, including any abusive\nacts against human organs. A variation of laws\nand decrees punishes these acts and controls the\ncriminality of this matter:\n\n\n- The Criminal Code for the year 1949 in Article 543 punishes the abusive act that leads to\npermanent disability.\n\n- Article 535 convicts the murder as a prelude\nto a felony. For instance if the criminal kills\nthe victim for the purpose of organ trafficking, this article applies.\n\n- Law N. 30 for the year 2003 on implementing\nand transferring organs, in particular Article\n7-b that implies directly.\n\n- The Legislative Decree No.3 for the year 2010\naims to combat the crimes of Trafficking in\nPersons and protect their victims through using a human rights approach in the field of\ncombating trafficking.\n\n- Legislative Decree N. 20 for the year 2013\non abduction, in particular Article 2 punishes abduction when leading to abusive act\nagainst the victim.\n\n\nArticle 535 states the aggravating circumstances of murder crime, one of them when the crime is committed in preparation to another crime. Law 30 of 2003 states the criminal punishment in the case of organ trafficking. Therefore,\nif a person was killed for the purpose of organs removal/ trafficking, meaning that if the person was lured and killed\nin order to sell his/her organs, this crime will become a prelude to organ removal crime and then the death penalty\nshould be executed.\n\n### **The Protection Sector Response**\n\n\nIn 2014 and 2015, the Sector conducted 20 capacity building training on counter trafficking, including trafficking in persons for organs removal. The capacity building training addressed 1,261 professionals and aid workers, including law\nenforcement personnel, judges, NGOs, religious leaders, media journalists and forensic doctors.\n\n\nThe Protection Sector has conducted several workshops and training sessions for governmental agencies and NGOs\nas capacity building on the definition of trafficking in human organs crimes according to the legislative N. 30 of 2003\nand how to link these crimes with trafficking in persons according to Decree No. 3 of 2010, as well as when this crime\nis considered among the crimes of trafficking in persons. In addition, practical examples and case studies have been\nprovided on the reality of this crime, knowing that the degree No. 30 of 2003 has systematized the process of human\norgan donation.\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\nPablo Zapata\nzapata@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nThis issue has been produced by IOM with inputs from Protection Sector members, on behalf of the PCSS. Editing and layout:\nUNHCR Syria Reporting Unit\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 11** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/46f3b407-b40e-3f0e-b976-3323def4e9e2/Echoes_En%2011.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_359/raw/doc_359_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_359/raw/doc_359_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 03d43eca593f6abfd684cb675687bc8720066266..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_359/raw/doc_359_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 12\n\n\n**Article 13(2) Universal Declaration of Human Rights \u2013 1948**\n\u201cEVERYONE HAS THE RIGHT TO LEAVE ANY COUNTRY, INCLUDING HIS OWN, AND\nTO RETURN TO HIS COUNTRY\u201d.\n\n\n**Article 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights \u2013 1966**\n\u201cNO ONE SHALL BE ARBITRARILY DEPRIVED OF THE RIGHT TO ENTER TO HIS OWN\nCOUNTRY.\u201d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/059c95e7-fdfd-3333-a63a-62e15b419f06/Echoes_En%2012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Echoes From Syria\n\n##### **Introduction**\n\nThe Palestine refugee issue was born out of the 1948\nArab-Israeli war, which resulted in a large number of Palestinians becoming refugees to countries neighboring\nPalestine, including Syria. Until today, Syria has hosted\nseveral waves of Palestine refugees, which came at different periods in time in response to political and security\ndevelopments in the region, including the civil war in Lebanon, or the invasion of Iraq. Palestine refugees in Syria\nlive under a range of legal statuses, each of which comes\nwith specific rights and protection concerns.\n\nIn December 1949, the United Nations General Assembly (under Resolution 302 (IV) established the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in\nthe Near East (UNRWA) with the mandate to respond to\nthe needs of Palestine refugees until a durable and just\nsolution is found to the refugee issue. Its mission is to\n\u201chelp Palestine refugees achieve their full potential in human development in the difficult circumstances in which\nthey live\u201d. The Agency fulfils this mission by providing a\nvariety of essential services to Palestine refugees in the\nWest Bank, the Gaza Strip, Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR). Among United Nations agencies\nit is unique in delivering services directly to refugees, to\na population of 4.67m Palestine refugees under its mandate, and with around 29,000 staff.\n\n\nUNRWA Syrian Field Office works in close collaboration\nwith the Government General Administration for Palestine Refugees (GAPAR) and provides assistance to registered Palestine refugees in Syria.\n\n\nPrior to the outbreak of unrest in March 2011, Syria was\nhosting over 560,000 Palestine refugees, of whom 80 percent lived in Damascus and rural (Rif) Damascus governorates. The legal status of Palestine refugees in Syria is\nregulated by the Syrian law (Law No 260 of July 10, 1956)\nstipulating that Palestinians living in Syria have almost the\nsame civil rights as Syrian citizens other than nationality\nand political rights.\n\n\nThe ongoing conflict has dramatically increased the\nvulnerability of Palestine refugees as people living for\ndecades in a state of temporary refuge. It has also highlighted the fact that besides Syria, no other country in\nthe region welcomes Palestine refugees or allows them\nfreedom to seek safety. The devastating consequences of\nthe Syria conflict continue to expose Palestine refugees to\nrisks and hardships and to generate urgent humanitarian\nneeds which outstrip the resources available to UNRWA.\n\n\n##### **The international legal** **framework**\n\nPalestine refugees live under a specific legal framework.\nThe first major UN Resolution (194/III) on Palestine issue was adopted by the General Assembly in December\n1948. This resolution established a Conciliation Commission for Palestine and instructed it to \u201ctake steps to assist\nthe Governments and authorities concerned to achieve\na final settlement of all questions outstanding between\nthem. The UN Resolution 194 also called for the return of\nPalestine refugees to their place of origin.\n\n\nThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which\nthe General Assembly adopted in 1948 \u2013 one day prior to\nResolution 194 \u2013 is the foundation for the right of return\nin human rights law. Article 13(2) of the UDHR phrases\nthe right of return as follows: \u201cEveryone has the right to\nleave any country, including his own, and to return to his\ncountry.\u201d\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 12** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/059c95e7-fdfd-3333-a63a-62e15b419f06/Echoes_En%2012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Echoes From Syria\n\nIn 1949, the United Nations General Assembly resolution\n302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 set up a specific Agency mandated to carry out direct relief and works programmes\nfor Palestine refugees until a just and durable solution is\nfound to their plight. UNRWA focuses on addressing the\nhumanitarian and human development needs of Palestine refugees in the interim. In the absence of a solution\nto the Palestine refugee problem, the General Assembly\nhas repeatedly renewed UNRWA\u2019s mandate, most recently extending it until 30 June 2017.\n\n\nIn 1966, article 12(4) of the International Covenant on\nCivil and Political Rights (ICCPR) phrases the right of return similarly: \u201cNo one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the\nright to enter to his own country.\u201d\n\n\nUNRWA defines Palestine refugees as people whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period\n1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, who lost both home and\nmeans of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli\nwar, and their male descendants. Basically, those are eligible to receive the services of UNRWA as well as its protection.\n\n\nAdditional categories are also eligible to receive UNRWA\nservices and protection where feasible and appropriate,\non an emergency and temporary basis. These include\npeople displaced by hostilities in 1967 and subsequently.\nToday, one third of the registered Palestine refugees live\nin 58 recognized refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, the\nSyrian Arab Republic, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank,\nwith 12 of these camps in Syria.\n\n\nAlthough, UNRWA\u2019s mandate focuses on Palestine refugees, there are specific circumstances under which humanitarian imperatives will require the Agency to extend\nits services to local communities and families hosting displaced Palestine refugees.\n\n\n\nPalestine refugees who are living outside UNRWA operation fields fall under the 1951 Convention relating to the\nstatus of the Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, a primary\ninstrument governing rights of refugees and obligations\nof the states towards them. They, therefore, fall under\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate.\n\n##### **The Syrian context**\n\nAs the Syria crisis entered its fifth year, relentless violence\nand deteriorating economic conditions in Syria continue\nto gravely undermine the resilience of Palestine refugees\nin Syria. Prior to the crisis, Palestine refugees were already among the poorest communities in Syria, with 27\nper cent of the population estimated to be living below\nthe poverty line of USD 2 per day, and over 12 per cent\nunable to meet their basic food needs. The conflict has\nnow encroached on most Palestine refugees\u2019 places of\nresidence, causing not only extreme hardship and widespread displacement, but also unraveling social structure\nand support networks, and putting continuous strain on\nthe capacity of host families. Approximately 560,000 Palestine refugees are currently registered in Syria. Of these,\nover 80,000 have displaced to other countries, leaving an\nestimated 480,000 refugees remaining in Syria. Around\n280,000 of these have been internally displaced within\nSyria and struggle to survive under profoundly challenging conditions.\n\n\nOver 95 percent of Palestine refugees are dependent on\nhumanitarian assistance to meet their basic needs. The\nincreasing cost of staple foods and decreasing access to\nlocal markets, combined with increased rental costs, have\nforced many families to prioritize shelter costs ahead of\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 12** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/059c95e7-fdfd-3333-a63a-62e15b419f06/Echoes_En%2012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Echoes From Syria\n\nnutritional health. The savings and social safety net of Palestine refugee communities have been all but exhausted, as\nfamilies expend their resources to cope with rising cost of living and limited access to income resulting from the crisis.\nThis protracted emergency, considered one of the worst humanitarian disasters in decades, has pushed many to the\nbrink of survival.\n\n\nOne extreme illustration of the hardship endured by Palestine refugees in Syria is the ongoing tragedy, which is unfolding in Yarmouk, the largest concentration of Palestine refugees in Syria prior to conflict. The vast majority of its former\nresidents have been displaced for over two years, along with the residents of other locations (such as Dera\u2019a, Sbeineh\nand Husseinieh) who had sought shelter in Yarmouk. The remaining civilians have been trapped with little or no access\nto assistance for months. Early in 2014, UNRWA received credible reports of widespread malnutrition, which along\nwith lack of health care contributed to a rising morbidity and mortality. Since January 18, 2015, UNRWA has had limited\nand interrupted access to carry out food distribution for the civilians of Yarmouk, which remain woefully insufficient to\nmeet their most basic needs. On 1 April 2015, intensive clashes erupted as armed groups advanced into Yarmouk. As\na result of these sustained armed engagements, thousands of civilians have so far fled Yarmouk to surrounding neighborhoods, relying on the UN, SARC and host communities to meet their minimum survival needs. Those who remain\ntrapped between warring parties inside Yarmouk continue to live in the most wretched living conditions.\n\n\nIn addition to Palestine refugees registered in Syria, some 1,000 Palestinian refugees who arrived to Syria from Iraq\nremain in Syria today. They fall under the UNHCR\u2019s mandate, and reside mainly in Damascus. In the absence of the\nnational legal framework concerning refugees, the immigration law regulates the rights and duties of refugees as\nforeigners. Resident permits provide the highest level of protection to refugees and asylum-seekers, but they are in\nprinciple available only to those who entered Syria legally and possess valid national passports. In late 2013 UNHCR\nand the Immigration Department agreed that Palestinian refugees from Iraq, who fall under the mandate of UNHCR,\nwould be granted a six-month residency, despite the fact that the majority of them entered Syria irregularly and had\nno valid passport. This good practice continues and to date these Palestinian refugees get their residency extended.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 12** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/059c95e7-fdfd-3333-a63a-62e15b419f06/Echoes_En%2012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Echoes From Syria\n\n##### **The Protection Sector Response**\n\nProtection is an integral part of UNRWA\u2019s holistic approach to meet the needs of Palestine refugees in social services\nand relief assistance, and to achieving full respect for their rights under relevant international law. For over six decades\nUNRWA\u2019s services and assistance have provided protection to Palestine refugees and helped to reduce their vulnerabilities to exploitation and abuse through education and training, which also have contributed to enhance their employability and social integration.\n\n\nIn Syria, UNRWA has had to adapt to a fluid operational context to meet the various needs of Palestine refugees. Significant changes were introduced in the cash assistance programme, which enabled the Agency to reach over 470,000\nPalestine refugees, including over 47,500 in hard to reach areas. UNRWA has also sustained the provision of Education,\nHealth and Social Services throughout the crisis, despite mounting challenges.\nAs a result of the expansion of the humanitarian assistance, UNRWA was able to carry out a range of interventions for\nPalestine refugees in 2014:\n\n\n - 470,590 refugees received at least one round of cash assistance in 2014, at an average distribution rate\nof 10,456 refugees per day.\n\n\n - 447,800 refugees received at least one food parcel. More than 18,700 metric tons of food was procured\nand distributed.\n\n\n - 147,448 refugees received winterization assistance.\n\n\n - 955,190 consultations were provided and 17,084 hospitalizations were supported in 2014. 75 refugees,\n40 per cent of whom suffered war-related injuries, were provided with prosthetic fittings.\n\n\n - 45,802 Palestine refugee students enrolled in the 2014-2015 academic year. Access to education services\nwas strengthened through the development and dissemination of self-learning materials.\n\n\n - Family Support Office services were expanded resulting in detection of 451 cases of GBV, out of which\n146 received legal advice, counseling and referrals to other UNRWA services.\n\n\n - In 2015 UNRWA focuses on improving the resilience of Palestine refugees by adapting its vocational training\nand microfinance programmes to meet shifting market needs and shrinking business opportunities.\n\n\n - More than 12,600 displaced Palestine refugees and Syrian IDPs continue to be hosted in 37 UNRWA-managed\nfacilities;\n\n\n - Regular maintenance and repair of all UNRWA facilities, garbage collection and sanitation work continue\nin nine camps. 40,000 hygiene kits were distributed to besieged areas and collective shelters.\n\n\n - IOM supported 77 Palestine families in Dar\u2019a through providing them with 77 SOK (Sealing Of Kit) on\n17th May 2015 in Dar\u2019a- Mahata area (out of settlement), after coordination with Dar\u2019a governorate and\nUNRWA. The total number of Palestinian beneficiaries are 355 IDPs.\n\n\n - As with other refugees under its mandate in Syria, UNHCR provides Palestinian refugees from Iraq with\nlegal aid (counseling, interventions and awareness raising among refugees of their rights and duties) on\nvarious questions, such as residency, registration of new births, civil status issues, SGBV and detentions.\nIn the first half of 2015, more than 757 Palestinian refugees from Iraq were assisted by UNHCR in terms of\nlegal aid. 57 were provided with legal counselling, and 700 benefitted from UNHCR interventions aimed\nat regularizing their status.\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\nPablo Zapata\nzapata@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nThis issue has been produced by UNRWA with inputs from other\nProtection and Community Services Sector members.\nLayout: UNHCR Syria Reporting Unit\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 12** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/059c95e7-fdfd-3333-a63a-62e15b419f06/Echoes_En%2012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_36/raw/doc_36_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_36/raw/doc_36_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bfdb431844899e20e612729453cd98f46eeda74e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_36/raw/doc_36_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **VENEZUELA**\n#### **SHELTER, ENERGY AND NFI CLUSTER**\n##### Cluster Overview HRP 2022-2023\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org/venezuela\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cluster Coordinator:\n\nAdriana M. Dur\u00e1n\ndurangam@unhcr.org / coord.venezuela@sheltercluster.org\n\n\nAssistant Information Management Officer:\n\nAdriana Ramirez\nramiread@unhcr.org / im.venezuela@sheltercluster.org\n\n\nShelter Assistant:\n\nEmigdio Filardi\nfilardig@unhcr.org\n\n\nFront cover photo: Construction of a community center, Delta Amacuro, Asociaci\u00f3n NILO, Nina Hurtado\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org/venezuela\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Humanitarian Needs Overview - Shelter, Energy and NFIs Response in 2021 Response converage in 2021 Planned Results for HRP 2022 - 2023 HRP 2022 \u2013 2023 Shelter, Energy and NFI projects list\n\n\n###### 5 6 7 8 9\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Construction of a walkway for indigenous communities, Bolivar. Credits: Nina Hurtado, Asociaci\u00f3n Nilo.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Humanitarian Needs Overview\n\nShelter, Energy and NFIs\n\n\n\nFor several years, and in the context of a prolonged\neconomic crisis, Venezuela has been impacted by a\nhuman mobility crisis and a progressive\ndeterioration in the access to basic services.\n\n\nSince 2020, and in the context of COVID-19\npandemic and focalised violence situations, **human**\n**mobility** has become more dynamic, incorporating\nan influx of returnees, with incoming **needs** **for**\n**temporary shelters** . The common use of informal\ncross borders has led to protection risks, including\npeople involved on pendular movements to obtain\ntheir means for subsistence.\n\n\nAdditionally, impact of continued **natural disasters**,\nincluding heavy rains and floods, have generated\nsignificant needs of basic NFIs, temporary shelters\nand preparedness for risks mitigation and response.\n\n\n\n**Access** **to** **basic** **services** including access to energy,\nhas been compromised in several regions of\nVenezuela, leading to a significant impact on the life\nquality, including impacts in food preservation,\npossibility to provide education, livelihoods, among\nothers. This has provoked significant life-threatening\nrisks and environmental impacts associated to the\nmassive use of firewood as a source of energy for\ncooking, use of gasoline, kerosene and improvised\nconnections to the national electric network.\n\n\nIn the context of the pandemic and economic crises,\nthe infrastructure of institutions providing essential\nservices to population such as health institutions,\ncommunity spaces and schools lacked maintenance\nand **worsened** **their** **shelter** **conditions**, including\naccess to energy, disabling their possibilities to save\nlives of the most vulnerable population.\n\n\n\nNFI distribution after floods in Zulia. Credits: UNHCR. Beneficiaries from NFI distributions. Credits: Asociaci\u00f3n Nilo.\n###### Urgent humanitarian assistance is needed to provide a critical response:\n\n\n\nImprovements on\n**temporary shelters**\n**and access to NFIs** are\nrequired to support\n**people on the move.**\n\n\n\n**Basic NFIs, temporary**\n**shelters and**\n**construction capacities**\nare required for people\naffected by **natural and**\n**anthropic disasters**\n\n\n\n**Repairs,** **constructions**\n**and** **improvements** **for**\n**community** **spaces** **and**\n**institutions** providing\nbasic services is required.\n\n\n\n**Access** **to** **renewable**\n**sources** **of** **energy** is\nrequired to **fulfil** **the**\n**basic** **needs** **of** **the** **most**\n**vulnerable** **population**\nand represents an urgent\npriority for remote areas.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**102 K** people\nbenefited with\n**NFI**\n\n\n\n**227 K** people\n\n**Energy**\n\n\nbenefited with **Shelter**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**935 K** people reached\nby shelter, energy and\nNFI activities during\n2021.\n\n\n\n**94** **health centers** were benefited from repairs,\nenergy improvements and NFIs, providing an\nimportant support to the COVID-19 pandemic\nprevention, including the support for triage and\nvaccination areas. **35** **temporary**\n**collective** centers in border areas (including\nPASIs) were benefited by the response, focusing\non supporting vulnerable people on the\nmove. **78** **community** **centers** and **21**\n**schools** providing protection and essential\nservices to population have been benefited\nthrough shelter, energy and NFI response.\n\n\n\n**US$6.7** millions, funding\nreceived during 2021\naccording to Financial\nTracking Service (FTS).\n\n\n**1106 street solar lamps** were installed in public\nplaces, including the surroundings of\ninstitutions benefited by the response, to\nprovide illumination also preventing associated\nprotection risks. **42 electric systems**, including\nphotovoltaic systems for institutions,\norganizations, community centers and\ncollective shelters, were installed allowing\naccess to basic services for the most vulnerable\npopulation.\n\n\n\nBasic NFI distribution was critical in the\n\n**222** **refugee** **housing** **units** **(RHUs)** were assistance of vulnerable people specially those\ninstalled: 104 RHUs in health centres, 24 in affected by flooding and by armed\ncollective temporary shelters and PASIs, 21 in conflicts. NFIs delivered included **14,037**\nmilitary and civil coordination authority spaces, **portable** **solar** **lamps,** **2988** **habitat** **kits,** **1852**\nand 73 in community spaces, community **family** **kits** and **845** **individual** **kits**, comprising\ncenters, institutions, communities, authorities critical items like mosquito nets and insect\nand other locations. **87** **centers** **and** repellents to prevent extended diseases, pads,\n**institutions** including temporary shelters were sheets and cooking items, rechargeable fans,\n\n6 benefited by rehabilitations and extensions. among others.\n\n\n\n**222** **refugee** **housing** **units** **(RHUs)** were\ninstalled: 104 RHUs in health centres, 24 in\ncollective temporary shelters and PASIs, 21 in\nmilitary and civil coordination authority spaces,\nand 73 in community spaces, community\ncenters, institutions, communities, authorities\nand other locations. **87** **centers** **and**\n**institutions** including temporary shelters were\nbenefited by rehabilitations and extensions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Humanitarian assistance covered 18 states and Capital District:\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Humanitarian actions to guarantee better access to shelter, energy and NFI\n\n\n\nFor the **HRP** **2022** 27 partner organisations\nsubmitted 26 projects proposal, including 24\nintersectoral projects to guarantee safe and\ndignified shelter, access to energy and/or basic NFI\nto affected population.\n\n\nTo address humanitarian needs, including new\nchallenges related to COVID-19, and guarantee\nrelief to more than 1,9 M people in need, partner\norganisations require $54 M.\n\n\n**For HRP 2021:**\n\n\n**Submitted:**\n\n\n**To assist:**\n\n\n**In:**\n\n\n\nCluster partners will focus their actions on five\n**objectives for 2022** :\n\n\n###### **1** **2** **3** **4**\n\n\n\n\n\nAssist with construction, expansion,\nrehabilitation, access to energy and equipment\nfor critical health services\nAssist with construction, expansion, rehabilitation\nin spaces that provide essential services; and with\nsecure and dignified access to shelter\n\nAssist with better access to energy in\ncommunities, community centers and institutions\nAssist with better access to basic NFIs and\nproviding equipment for spaces and institutions\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### HRP 2022 -2023 Shelter, Energy and NFI projects list\n\n\n\nPrograma de empoderamiento para la resiliencia de\ncomunidades en riesgo de protecci\u00f3n en los estados\nMiranda y Dtto. Capital\n\nInd\u00edgenas Warao del Delta venezolano con atenci\u00f3n\nmultisectorial en educaci\u00f3n, alimentaci\u00f3n, energ\u00eda y\nagua.\n\n\n\nFAO, TECHO,\nUNDP\n\n\nTinta Violeta,\nCOOPI\n\n\nProyectos\nAcuario\n\n\nTECHO\n\n\nConstruyendo\nFuturos\n\n\nUCV\n\n\nDividendo\nVoluntario\npara la\nComunidad\n\n\nTinta Violeta\n\n\nTrazando\nEspacios\n\n\nFundaci\u00f3n\nVivienda\nPopular\n\n\nCISP\n\n\nFundairiarte\n\n\nCOOPI\n\n\n\nREDUCCI\u00d3N DE RIESGOS DE DESASTRES POR\nINUNDACIONES RECURRENTES CENTRADA EN\nCOMUNIDADES ALTAMENTE VULNERABLES DE ZULIA,\nM\u00c9RIDA Y MIRANDA.\n\n\nEspacios seguros y servicios de protecci\u00f3n y SSR en\ncomunidades de seis estados del pa\u00eds\n\n\nMejoramiento de la red el\u00e9ctrica para los habitantes\nde la Comunidad Nueva Jerusalen. Cuman\u00e1, estado\nSucre\n\nComunidades Resilientes: programa de reducci\u00f3n de\nriesgos, respuesta y fortalecimiento de capacidades\ncomunitarias frente a amenazas naturales, socionaturales y/o antr\u00f3picas.\n\n\nJ\u00f3venes Construyendo Futuros: Generaci\u00f3n de\nsoluciones transformadoras y resilientes que\ndinamizan las econom\u00edas locales y dan soluci\u00f3n a\nproblem\u00e1ticas comunitarias.\n\n\nMejorar las condiciones de vida de 2 comunidades\nind\u00edgenas, con una visi\u00f3n integral priorizando salud,\ncapacitaci\u00f3n y organizaci\u00f3n comunitaria.\n\n\nAlimentaci\u00f3n escolar para ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes\nubicadas de los estados Sucre, Zulia y Apure.\n\n\nProtecci\u00f3n integral a ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes,\nmujeres y personas con alto nivel de vulnerabilidad en\ncomunidades en riesgo para mitigar la\nsubalimentaci\u00f3n y la violencia, integrando un\ncomponente de formaci\u00f3n en medios de vida\n\n\nCentro Educativo Comunitario para el Desarrollo\nSostenible de Guaruchal\n\n\nProyecto H\u00e1bitat Sano. Mejorando el acceso al agua y\nlos espacios de protecci\u00f3n y alojamientos individuales,\nde grupos vulnerables\n\n\nFortalecimiento de capacidades de respuesta\ncomunitaria e institucional ante la ocurrencia de\ndesastres naturales y de origen antr\u00f3pico en los\nestados Trujillo y M\u00e9rida\n\n\nATENCION INTEGRAL A NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS, ADOLESCENTES,\nADULTOS, INDIGENAS NO INDIGENAS, DESPLAZADOS Y\nREFUGIADOS CON DIVERSOS TIPOS DE DISCAPACIDAD.\n\n\nMejora de los servicios WASH en centros educativos,\ngarantizando condiciones adecuadas para la\nformaci\u00f3n, y preparaci\u00f3n de alimentos limpios y\nseguros en el Estado Amazonas.\n\n\n\nCESVI\n\n\nNILO\n\n\n\nMEJORAMIENTO DEL ACCESO A ENERGIA TRAVES DE\nRET\nUNA ESTRATEGIA DE SOSTENIBILIDAD\n\n\n\nFundaci\u00f3n\nSenderos\n\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nRed de Casas\nDon Bosco\n\n\nIOM\n\n\nDegania\n\n\nCPDH SVIAA\nOVJNU\n\n\nCEPAI\nAmazonas\n\n\nHEKS\n\n\nHEKS\n\n\nALINCA\n\n\n\nBiochar y Energ\u00eda (BC&E) para el secuestro de CO2 en\nsuelos de las comunidades rurales del eje p\u00e1ramo del\nEstado M\u00e9rida.\n\n\nAcceso a los derechos y servicios b\u00e1sicos y asistencia\nhumanitaria para los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo,\nlas personas en movilidad y las comunidades de\nacogida en Venezuela.\n\n\nConstrucci\u00f3n de capacidades en los servicios de\nprotecci\u00f3n infantil y del ambiente protector para\ngrupos vulnerables, de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en\nocho estados de Venezuela.\n\n\nAsistencia multisectorial directa para venezolanos\nvulnerables y fortalecimiento de capacidades\ninstitucionales locales y comunitarias\n\n\nEvaluaci\u00f3n nutricional, asistencia alimentaria,\nprotecci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en\ncomedores comunitarios y escolares, estimulando la\nproducci\u00f3n de alimentos.\n\n\nCreaci\u00f3n de Brigadas para la Asistencia Alimentaria y\nPuntos de reparaci\u00f3n solidaria en Escuelas y\nComunidades Vulnerables en los Estados Amazonas,\nFalc\u00f3n, Zulia y T\u00e1chira\n\n\nAtenci\u00f3n Humanitaria a comunidades ind\u00edgenas\nHu\u00f6tt\u00f6ja, Maco, S\u00e1nema y comunidad periurbana en\nlos municipios Manapiare y Atures, estado Amazonas.\n\n\nMejoras del acceso a los servicios de salud y\nseguridad nutricional en instituciones publicas y\ncomunidades vulnerables en la regi\u00f3n central y centro\noccidental de Venezuela\n\n\nMejoras del acceso a los servicios de salud y\nseguridad nutricional en instituciones publicas y\ncomunidades vulnerables en la regi\u00f3n oriental de\nVenezuela\n\n\nAsistencia a comunidades vulnerables de Venezuela\nmediante acciones integradas en Seguridad\nAlimentaria, Protecci\u00f3n, Salud, WASH, Nutrici\u00f3n y\nAlojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres; con Formaciones y\nenfoques de resiliencia en medios de Vida.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND SUPPORT!**\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org/venezuela\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fa79027-2a31-3f0a-a235-2e4690804ed8/2022%20UNHCR_VEN_cluster%20overview%20to%20share.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_360/raw/doc_360_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_360/raw/doc_360_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 751761f21130f3468ff4c7ff4860ec43dd2d9305..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_360/raw/doc_360_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 6 - November\n\n## **Human trafficking, exploitation,**\n\n##### **Guiding principle 11:**\n\n1. Every human being has the right to dignity and physical, mental and moral integrity.\n2. Internally displaced persons, whether or not their liberty has been restricted, shall be\nprotected in particular against:\n(a) Rape, mutilation, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,\nand other outrages upon personal dignity, such as acts of gender-specific violence,\nforced prostitution and any form of indecent assault;\n(b) Slavery or any contemporary form of slavery, such as sale into marriage, sexual\nexploitation, or forced labour of children; and\n(c) Acts of violence intended to spread terror among internally displaced persons.\nThreats and incitement to commit any of the foregoing acts shall be prohibited.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3bdb52b0-457d-3472-b0c8-a78766964100/Echoes_En%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nManifestations of human trafficking, abuse and exploitation against migrants pose acute challenges to key stakeholders responding to this issue [1] . Cases of international,\nintra-regional or even internal human trafficking for the\npurposes of sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, slavery and slavery-like practices and reportedly organ trafficking are all witnessed worldwide and Syria is no exception.\n\n\nComplex and protracted humanitarian and migration crises, such as armed conflicts usually increase vulnerabilities and in some cases lead to an increase in human trafficking. In specific instances, the drivers of conflict may\neven lead to the emergence of specific forms of crisisrelated trafficking in persons.\n\n\nAlthough men are often caught up in crises, and their\nvulnerabilities are serious and often overlooked, women\nand children are still more vulnerable, with increased\nvulnerabilities amongst unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, young women, widows or female single-headed\nhouseholds left to for the family, the elderly, and those\nwith disabilities. Young women may be at particular risk\nto sexual exploitation, whether that is to fill a local demand, i.e. women being forced to provide sexual services\nto militia groups.\n\n\n\nGirls may be also at an increased risk of exploitation\nthrough slavery and slavery-like practices, such as an\nincreased prevalence in early and forced marriage as\nfamilies are compelled to respond to the crisis through\nalternative livelihood strategies and further their vulnerabilities may create a new demand, even resulting in (early) marriage tourism. Furthermore, young boys may be\nrecruited as child soldiers as well as men, the traditional\nbreadwinners, may be forced to take up abusive or exploitative labour including low or non-payment of wages,\nlong working hours and maltreatment as common conditions.\n#### **Means of control and associ-** **ated abuse against trafficked** **persons include rape, torture,** **debt bondage, unlawful con-** **finement, and threats against** **their family members or other** **persons close to them as well** **as other forms of physical, sex-** **ual and psychological violence.**\n\n\n1. Adapted from Keynote speech, Sarah Craggs, IOM (25 September\n2014): Trafficking risks and exploitation among mobile populations\nin times of conflict.\n2. Protocol To Prevent, Suppress And Punish Trafficking In Persons,\nEspecially Women And Children\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 6** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3bdb52b0-457d-3472-b0c8-a78766964100/Echoes_En%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nAt the onset of the crisis in Syria, there is a reduction in or\neradication of traditional support structures and rule of law\nwhich might all create favourable conditions for organized\ncriminal groups, new opportunities for human traffickers\nand possibly impunity from law, lack of organized response\nto prevention, protection and prosecution as well as the\nreduction in the capacity and/or availability of skilled and\nspecialized anti-trafficking key responders.\n\n\nMost internally displaced people in Syria are living in temporary shelters or with host communities and therefore\nmay be at higher risk of becoming victims of various human rights abuses, discriminatory practices, exploitation\nand human trafficking. Such risk factors may include precarious conditions coupled with specific age, sex, gender\nor allegiance to a specific religious or ethnic group.\n\nThe Syrian government issued the Legislative Decree No. 3\nin order to combat trafficking in persons which is compatible with the international definition of trafficking in persons. The criminal labelling of the previously mentioned\ncriminal acts does not change whether they are completed\nthrough the use of force, threat of force, violence, inducement, fraud, deception, taking advantage of the victim\u2019s ignorance or vulnerability, abuse of official positions, or the\ncomplicity or assistance of someone who has power over\nthe victim. The victim\u2019s consent is not relevant.\n\n\n#### **The demand for cheap labour,** **sexual services and** **certain criminal activities are** **among the root causes of** **trafficking, while the lack of** **opportunity, resources and** **social standing are** **other contributing factors.**\n\nThe Syrian government issued specific national instruments against human trafficking such as:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1961|Law No. 10 for Combatnti g Prostti utoi n|\n|---|---|\n|**1974**|Act of Juvenile Delinquents|\n|**2003**|Law No. 30 on organizing the transplantaton
of human organs transfer law|\n|**2005**|Legislatve Decree No. 33 establishing the
commission for combatng money laundry
and funding terrorism.|\n|**2010**|Legislatve Decree No. 3 to Combat Trafck-
ing in Persons|\n|**2010**|The Executve Code of the Legislatve Decree
No. 3|\n|**2013**|Legislatve Decree No. 65 and Decision No.
2644 organizing the work of Private Agencies
for the recruitment and employment of for-
eign domestc workers, conditons and rules
of their employment within the territory of
the Syrian Arab Republic.|\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 6** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3bdb52b0-457d-3472-b0c8-a78766964100/Echoes_En%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The international legal The Protection sector** **framework response**\n\n\n\nTrafficking is prohibited by international human rights\nnorms and principles and criminalized in the national legislation of a growing number of States. It is generally considered as a form of slavery and it constitutes a violation of a\nrange of human rights.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Syrian government has ratified most of the relevant\ninternational treaties and conventions combatting slavery\nand trafficking in persons. These include the international\ndeclaration of human rights, the international covenant on\ncivil and political rights, and the international covenant on\neconomic, social and cultural rights, in addition to other\nspecified conventions combatting slavery and exploitation\nof workers as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child\nprostitution and child pornography.\n\n\nThe Syrian government adopted as well the following international instruments against human trafficking:\n\n\n\nHumanitarian agencies in Syria supported the efforts of\nthe Syrian Government in issuing a Counter Trafficking Law\n(Legislative Decree No. 3) in 2005. The Protection Sector\nin Syria has assisted in building capacities of Judges, Law\nenforcement, professionals and NGOs in cooperation with\nSyrian Ministries through continuous workshops.\n\n\nMoreover, the Syrian government established the Directorate for Counter Trafficking in the Ministry of the Interior\nwhich is responsible for referring all suspected cases of human trafficking to the Courts and/or assistance services.\nCurrently, the directorate has 20 female police members.\nAs well as this, a National Committee was established\nfor Counter Trafficking which comprised of all concerned\nMinistries and NGOs responsible for the National Plan on\nCounter Trafficking.\n\n\nTwo safe houses for victims of trafficking in Aleppo and Damascus were rehabilitated, upgraded and equipped with\nfurniture and IT equipment in 2008 and 2009. Despite the\ncrisis, the safe house in Damascus is still running and currently hosts 11 female and 2 male victims, most of whom\nare children.\n\n\nFurthermore, vocational trainings as well as awareness\nraining, cash assistance, gender-based violence referrals,\nlegal assistance and psychological support have been all\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|2000|United Natoi ns Conventoi n against Trans-
natoi nal Organized Crime and the Protocols
Thereto|\n|---|---|\n|**2000**|Protocol To Prevent, Suppress And Punish
Trafcking In Persons, Especially Women And
Children, Supplementng The United Natons
Conventon Against Transnatonal Organized
Crime|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3bdb52b0-457d-3472-b0c8-a78766964100/Echoes_En%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector Response**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 31.10.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 6** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3bdb52b0-457d-3472-b0c8-a78766964100/Echoes_En%206.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_361/raw/doc_361_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_361/raw/doc_361_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d585560761aac62c5ade4fb4a14d3824506f829..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_361/raw/doc_361_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 7 - December\n\n##### **Guiding principle 27:**\n\n\n1. International humanitarian organizations\nand other appropriate actors when providing\nassistance should give due regard to the\nprotection needs and human rights of internally\ndisplaced persons and take appropriate\nmeasures in this regard. In so doing, these\norganizations and actors should respect relevant\ninternational standards and codes of conduct.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nDuring displacement, existing traditional support mechanisms within a community, such as families, friends,\nneighbors or other social networks often breakdown,\nleading to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) being exposed to greater protection risks during conflict. In many\nhumanitarian crises, with Syria being no exception, affected people are not aware of their rights and often do not\nreceive the necessary protection support for many reasons, including the inadequate capacity of stakeholders in\nfulfilling their protection duties. There are many reasons\nfor this such as lack of expertise, inadequate planning and\npreparedness, the flight of qualified people abroad during conflict (brain drain) as well as lack of training. Many\ninternational humanitarian agencies therefore invest in\nthe capacity building of responders in order to ensure\nthat appropriate assistance and protection is given to\nIDPs and ultimately that displaced communities will be\nempowered and become capable of identifying and finding solution for their own problems, exercising their rights\nas well as facing their current or future vulnerability.\n\n\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\nThe 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna\npaved the way to the linkage between human rights and\ndevelopment. Since then, the human rights-based approach has been promoted by many agencies and nongovernmental organizations around the world to empower\npeople to claim their rights and increase the ability and accountability of individuals and institutions that are responsible for respecting, protecting and fulfilling their rights.\nThis approach is about ensuring that both the standards\nand the principles of human rights are integrated into\npolicymaking as well as the day to day running of organizations. Most organizations adopting human rights-based\napproaches have highlighted the necessity of fostering empowerment of rights-holders and capacity building of dutybearers.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThere is often a misperception in relation to the necessity of capacity building in relief situations, unstable environments and emergencies. However, it has been proven\nthat capacity building is an investment in the present as\nit helps communities and responders to design local coping strategies to deal with crises, as well as in the future,\nbecause it adds great value and expertise after a situation has been stabilized and displaced populations have\nreturned home. When capacity building is not included\nin the response of humanitarian agencies, there will be\nalways a risk of implementing inadequate response plans\nduring the crisis and an inadequate exit strategy when\nimmediate relief needs have been met.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\nMoreover, The United Nations Millennium Declaration explicitly places both human rights commitments and development goals at the center of the international agenda for\nthe new millennium. While Member States renewed commitments to promote and protect human rights, they also\nagreed on eight quantified and time-bound development\ngoals\u2014the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which\nprovide a focus for efforts to reduce poverty and a common basis for measuring progress.\nThe Millennium Development Goals and human rights\nboth aim to monitor the progressive realization of certain\nhuman rights by year 2015. There are periodic reporting\nprocesses for each at both national and international levels. When breaking down plans for achieving the MDGs,\nmany governments and international organizations have\nhighlighted capacity building as an important tool to reach\nthese goals.\n\n\n#### **The role of international hu-** **manitarian actors is to build** **or rebuild and strengthen** **the community\u2019s capacity to** **respond to its own concerns** **and to take decisions as to** **how best to address these** **concerns given the temporary** **nature of their presence, their** **role as facilitators, and their** **limitations in capacities, re-** **sources and local knowledge.**\n\nFurthermore, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, created in 1998, restate and compile the international human rights and humanitarian law relevant to the\ninternal displacement and also attempt to clarify gaps in\nthe these instruments. These Guiding Principles note that\nonce persons have been displaced, they retain a broad\nrange of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights,\nincluding the right to basic humanitarian assistance, the\nright to be protected from physical violence, the right to\neducation, freedom of movement and residence, political\nrights and the right to participate in economic activities.\nThe primary responsibility for providing protection and\nassistance to IDPs according to the Guiding Principles on\nInternal Displacement lies with national authorities (guiding principle 3). However, in situations of armed conflict,\nIDPs may find themselves in territories over which State\nauthority is absent or difficult to enforce. Consequently\nthe prevention of displacement and the protection of IDPs\nare also the responsibility of non-State actors such as civil\nsociety organizations including NGOs and CBOs. In such situations, a critical protection role falls to the international\ncommunity which should support in the provision of appropriate capacity building to non-state actors so that they\nfill in the gaps.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria **When the government is a** **party to a conflict, building** **capacities of additional actors** **such as civil society** **organizations such as NGOs** **and CBOs is important to** **contribute to comprehensive** **national responses to** **internal displacement.**\n\nIn addition, the humanitarian community\u2019s understanding of the responsibility to ensure effective protection for\npeople at risk has evolved over the past three decades.\nWhile the primary responsibility of national and local authorities to protect remains fundamental, the imperative\nto identify and respond to protection risks is now widely\naccepted as being central to humanitarian action, including\nby mainstreaming protection throughout all humanitarian\ninterventions. The imperative for the United Nations and\nhumanitarian actors to protect people has now been emphasized and further defined in the UN \u201cRights Up Front\u201d\nPlan of Action and the Statement on the Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action is adopted by the InterAgency Standing Committee Principals (2013).\n\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nSince the year 2012, humanitarian actors, i.e. United Nations (UN) agencies and international non-governmental\norganizations (INGOs) registered in Syria have been working with the Government of Syria on preparing on a yearly\nbasis The Syrian Humanitarian Assistance Response Plan\n(SHARP) complementing the Syrian government led humanitarian response and other appeal frameworks in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182.\n\n\nThe SHARP recognizes the state\u2019s responsibility for enhancing the protection of all affected people, in accordance\nwith the UN Charter, relevant norms and principles of international law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law. Moreover, the fourth objective\nof the 2014 SHARP put emphasis on enhancing the operational capacity of national and international humanitarian\nresponders and supporting existing local and community\ncoping mechanisms. In addition the fifth objective focuses\non ensuring adequate levels of preparedness to respond to\nfurther emerging humanitarian needs.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Protection sector response**\n\nThe Protection Sector in Syria promotes a sustainable response that addresses risks faced by IDPs within the prolonged\nhumanitarian crisis. The capacity building provided by the Protection Sector helps IDPs become self-sufficient as its activities are geared towards strengthening service providers such as national authorities, humanitarian agencies, local and\ninternational NGOs working in the country, humanitarian workers and outreach volunteers to respond to the emerging\nneeds of IDPs and supporting existing local community mechanisms.\n\n\nSince the beginning of the year, the response of the Sector in the field of capacity building has been mainly through\nthe provision of training courses according to international human rights standards on issues that promotes Protection\nmainstreaming in Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (GBV), Legal Awareness, Child Protection, Community Mobilization,\nCounter Trafficking, Psychosocial Support (PSS), Code of Conduct as well as professional skills needed by humanitarian\nworkers. Some of these include:\n\n\n**Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (GBV)**\n\n\n- \u201cBasics of SGBV\u201d for 621 humanitarian workers and volunteers\nfrom 12 local and international NGOs and community leaders on\nSGBV.\n\n- \u201cClinical management of rape\u201d for 27 gynecologists and mid-wives.\n\n- Training of Trainers (ToT) on GBV for 20 humanitarian workers in\nSyria to enable them to utilize SGBV awareness materials and have\na standardized way of delivering awareness.\n\n- 407 awareness raising sessions on SGBV provided directly to 6,127\nIDPs in different governorates.\n\n- 75 legal awareness sessions on GBV related issues.\n\n- 80 sessions within three awareness raising campaigns on GBV implemented in coordination with governmental organizations.\n\n\n**Legal Awareness**\n\n\n- Awareness sessions for 7,048 individuals on\nlegal issues such as personal status documentation, the issuing of personal documents,and\nSyrian law\n\n- Two training sessions for NGOs and governmental departments on Protection, basic\nprinciples of humanitarian response and ethics\n\n- Training on Protection, Basic Principles of Humanitarian work and Guiding Interviewing\nPrinciples for lawyers, managers and social\nworkers and a \u2018Code of Conduct\u2019 training for\noutreach volunteers.\n\n- A Shelter management workshop for 30 participants from the Department of Social Affairs employees and Shelter managers\n\n- Workshop on \u201cHumanitarian needs assessment and shelter\u2019s management\u201d for 31 participants from the Social Affairs\nDirectorate shelters and some NGOs in Sweida.\n\n- Workshop on \u201cBasic Principles of International Protection\u201d for 32 Participants from UN staff and humanitarian workers.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n**Child Protecton**\n\n\n- Capacity building sessions on Basic Child Protection and PSS in\nemergencies for 411 beneficiaries from national NGOs.\n\n- Orientation workshop for 90 NGO management staff, focused\nnon-specialized PSS for children activities for 45 individuals,\nChild Protection PSS considerations in recreational and social activities addressing 93 individuals, the inclusion of children with\ndisabilities into community based services and programmes for\n82 individuals.\n\n- Five-month training on \u201cPortage programme\u201d for the rehabilitation of 50 children with developmental disabilities along with\nthe capacity building of their 50 caregivers supported and provided with empowerment tools.\n\n- Specialized capacity building activities for children with special\nneeds in different field locations to enhance their integration into society, schools and learning programmes.\n\n- Tools and materials for learning and interacting such as amplifiers, wheels chairs, crutches, medical shoes, etc. provided for 250 persons.\n\n- Sessions on livelihoods and self-empowerment for 800 children, adolescents and caregivers living in collective shelters or by a host community.\n\n\n**PsychoSocial Support (PSS)**\n\n\n- A series of psychosocial trainings focusing on capacity\nbuilding for NGOs including \u201cExecutive Professional Masters in Psychosocial Support and Dialogue\u201d for Crisis Affected, Displaced and Migrant Youth and Their Families\nin Syria and Neighboring Countries addressing 44 Syrian\nprofessionals.\n\n- 70 technical supervision sessions supporting 48 caregivers\nat the SOS children\u2019s home focusing on understanding and\nresponding to the crisis-driven emotional vulnerabilities of\nchildren and adolescents in the absence of their parents.\n\n- Training courses for 100 community leaders, volunteers\nand workers in NGOs on the subject of Non-Violent Communication and Community-Based Mediation, out of\nwhom 15 trainees were selected as trainers of volunteers\nand staff within their governorates.\n\n- Training on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n(MHPSS) Considerations for 216 Shelter Managers on how\nto protect and promote the psychosocial well-being of the residents of the shelters.\n\n- Four training rounds on art-based interventions (Puppetry for Social Dialogue, Social Theater and Complex Circle\nand Drama Therapy) conducted for 27 specialists from different NGOs in Syria.\n\n- Training of Trainers for 14 professionals working with sport and disabilities in emergencies and for 15 NGO frontline workers on how to deliver supportive communication, active listening and self-care workshops. In their turn,\ntrainers trained 919 NGO front-line workers on supportive communication and psychological first aid within their\ngovernorates.\n\n- Training courses on PSS, psychological first aid and counseling for 239 junior staff and volunteers.\n\n- Advanced PSS training for 85 medical and relief social service providers in Syria.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n**Others**\n\n\n- Two training courses on basic principles of international protection and its core concepts for 52 humanitarian workers\nincluding the Code of Conduct.\n\n- First round of \u201cProtection Induction Training\u201d addressing field staff and outreach volunteers including introduction\nto core protection subjects such as Child Protection, SGBV basic level for non-professionals, community mobilization\nprogrammes, MHPSS and code of conduct for 30 outreach volunteers.\n\n- Two training courses for 67 local authorities, UN agencies, INGOs and NGOs/CBOs on Protection mainstreaming\nwhich includes four key elements (prioritizing safety and dignity and doing no harm, promoting meaningful access,\nensuring accountability to affected populations and strengthening participation and empowerment).\n\n- Six-day training for 107 workers (staff and volunteers) on SGBV, child protection, children\u2019s interviewing techniques\nfor better identification of protection concerns and response on the ground.\n\n- 4 capacity building courses in the field of Reporting, Information Management, Photography/Graphic Design and\nPublic Information/ Communications for 43 humanitarian workers from national and international humanitarian\nNGOs to improve the standard of reporting and public information material coming from the field.\n\n\nThese capacity building training courses helped to design new activities added for children, plan according to the protection principles/standards and increase the number of beneficiaries reached by humanitarian actors. Monitoring of\ntrainees has demonstrated better quality protection services provided to beneficiaries, yet the need for more advanced\nlevel trainings.\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Protection Sector Response**\n###### **01.01.2014 - 30.11.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAjmal Khybari\nkhybari@unhcr.org\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 7** **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a31b2573-0e6e-3813-a737-38d943136eeb/Echoes_En%207.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_362/raw/doc_362_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_362/raw/doc_362_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 22827f02d662b7b695bb7785e9a349416156c311..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_362/raw/doc_362_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n\nIssue 8 - January\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02a890-0580-36fa-9a0c-79117cef2198/Echoes_En%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nThe impact of the conflict in Syria is complex and wide\nranging. It has caused forced displacement, sudden destitution, break-up of families and communities, as well as\nthe collapse of social structures.\nUnfortunately, too often, most responders to humanitarian crises do not consult communities or their representatives or they do but then develop and implement projects\nwithout further involvement by the community concerned. Providing truly community-based protection must\ninvolve affected groups in a community meaningfully and\nsubstantially in all aspects of programmes responding to\ntheir needs and strengthening their leading role as a driving force for change.\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the course of time, development and humanitarian organizations have increasingly realized that it is essential to\nunderstand communities in order to avoid harm and ensure that programmes do not inadvertently leave people\nand communities worse off. These organizations started\nto recognize the necessity of community participation\nand provide the community-based protection. This puts\nthe capacities, rights and dignity of affected individuals\nat the center of programming, generates more effective\nprotection outcomes, recognizes the Internally Displaced\nPersons\u2019 (IDPs) resilience, capacities, skills and resources\nas well as builds on these to deliver solutions supporting\nthe community\u2019s own goals.\n\n\nNormally, communities and individuals develop mechanisms\nto respond to the protection issues they face. It is, therefore,\nessential for humanitarian organizations to identify these\nmechanisms and build on them to ensure that they are inclusive and that they incorporate human rights.\n\n\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\nThe value of a community-based approach in enhancing\nthe effectiveness of protection activities with IDPs has\nincreased worldwide. Efforts in a number of countries to\nprotect its individuals would only be effective with people\nfrom the communities driving the initiatives.\nThe fact that IDPs remain within the borders of the countries in which they are displaced means that there is great\npotential for sustainability and a firmer solutions orientation to community-driven initiatives.\n\n\nThe Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, developed in 1998 with the encouragement of the Commission\nof Human Rights and the General Assembly Representative Deng, restate and compile the international human\nrights and humanitarian law relevant to the internal displacement and also attempt to clarify gaps in the these instruments. These Guiding Principles note that IDPs retain\na broad range of rights including their right to participate\nequally in community affairs (guiding principle 22) and the\nright of their full participation in the planning and management of their return, resettlement or reintegration (guiding principle 28).\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 8** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02a890-0580-36fa-9a0c-79117cef2198/Echoes_En%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nSince the year 2012, humanitarian actors, i.e. United Nations (UN) agencies and international non-governmental\norganizations (INGOs) registered in Syria have been working with the Government of Syria on preparing on a yearly\nbasis the Syrian Humanitarian Assistance Response Plan\n(SHARP), later referred to as Strategic Response Plan,\ncomplementing the Syrian government led humanitarian response and other appeal frameworks in accordance\nwith UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182.\n\n\nGiven the magnitude of needs and the challenges faced\nby assistance and service providers to safely and regularly\nreach all affected populations, the SHARP 2014 highlights\nthe necessity of encouraging and supporting community\nmobilization. This has proven to be an effective tool in\nstrengthening community resilience, promoting solidarity and empowering affected populations to collectively\nidentify and implement, in a participatory approach, solutions for their priority concerns. Examples mentioned\nin the SHARP include the support to community-based\ninitiatives and small local organizations working directly\nwith communities on protection and community services\nactivities.\n\n\nThe SHARP also underlined the active participation of municipalities and local actors in sustaining local service delivery to foster stabilization and recovery in target areas\nand prevent additional cycles of displacement.\n\n\n### **The Protection** **Sector Response**\n\nThe Protection Sector has worked on identifying, understanding and meeting the various needs of the displaced\npopulations. To do so, the Sector has launched four programmes following the community- based approach which\nare the Community Centers, Outreach Volunteers, Community-Based Initiatives and Empowerment of Local Organizations in order to better outreach, work closely with,\nand empower these populations.\n\n\nThe establishment of the community Centers promotes\nsocial mobilization as they offer a space for interaction\nand socialization among displaced and local communities\nin the process of integrity. They also ensure better access\nand outreach to vulnerable populations, while providing\nthem with social and protection services, supporting their\npsychosocial well-being, giving insight into their needs\nand protection concerns and linking them with service\nproviders and specialists.\n\n\nThe activities of the Community Centers are designed in\nline with the Age Gender Diversity Mainstreaming approach (AGDM), with special attention given to persons\nwith specific needs. Some services are provided within\nthe Community Centers are information, counseling, educational support, psycho-social support (PSS), awareness\nraising, livelihood, support to Persons with Specific Needs\nand assessment activities, while others are outside these\ncenters such as courses in the private sector, PSS clinical\ntherapy, outdoor social and PSS activities, community empowerment and participation and needs assessment.\n\n\nSo far, the Sector supported 17 community centers operating in seven governorates which provided services and\nconducted activities to more than 2,791,700 beneficiaries in 2014.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 8** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02a890-0580-36fa-9a0c-79117cef2198/Echoes_En%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n\n\nWith the ongoing displacement, new social dynamics\nhave developed and spontaneous community initiatives\nbased on the Syrian tradition of solidarity have emerged.\nThe Sector supports community- based initiatives and advocates for solutions coming from the IDP and affected\ncommunities where beneficiaries themselves are responsible for designing and implementing direct impact initiatives within an agreed timeframe.\n\n\nSince the beginning of the year, more than 200 community-based initiatives have been supported such as basic rehabilitation and improvements, manufacturing emergency lights for prevention of SGBV, emergency rehabilitation\nof water sanitation facilities, sewing mattresses sheets\nand pillows for IDPs, cleaning campaigns and improving\nrooms used as teaching classes for children. Moreover,\ninitiatives outside collective shelters have included selfmanaged kindergartens, sewing schools uniforms for\nIDP children, community garbage management systems,\nclean-up campaigns, collective food conservation initiatives, home schooling, recreational activities for children\nand many other initiatives.\n\n\n\nWith the prolongation of the crisis in Syria, around 105 areas in the country have become out of reach for international organizations not to mention the difficulty to access\nother areas for security reasons. Thus, a network of Outreach Volunteers was established by the sector composed\nof more than 300 male and female individuals of different\nage groups covering nine governorates in Syria.\n\n\nThe outreach volunteers exceeded their traditional role in\nreaching the IDP population, communicating with them\nand engaging the host community. They become an important tool for ensuring the participation of IDPs, identifying\ntheir vulnerabilities, advocating for their right to have access to humanitarian services, exploring the local capacities and providing them with the proper support including\ncare giving to persons with specific needs, information dissemination and awareness, as well as specialized services\nsuch as medical and Psycho-Social Support (PSS). They also\nrepresent an effective implementation tool in shelters and\nmany hot areas that are inaccessible by the Sector.\n\n\nThe Protection Sector works on empowering local organizations and strengthening the participation of local communities to respond to the humanitarian needs given the\ndifficulty in reaching some areas in Syria. The Sector provides grants to local NGOs for the implementation of Quick\nImpact Projects in the field of protection, assistance of persons with specific needs, psychosocial support, education\nand women empowerment.\n\n\nSince the start of the programme in 2013, a total of 19 capacity building grants for implementation of quick impact\nprojects have been granted in Tartous, Lattakia, Homs, Damascus and Aleppo.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 8** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02a890-0580-36fa-9a0c-79117cef2198/Echoes_En%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n\n###### **01.01.2014 - 31.12.2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\n\n\n\nProduced by UNHCR-Syria Reporting Unit on behalf of the Protection Sector\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02a890-0580-36fa-9a0c-79117cef2198/Echoes_En%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_363/raw/doc_363_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_363/raw/doc_363_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 19bb1fb59ec81ce4c834ab228329469db525a045..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_363/raw/doc_363_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Echoes From Syria\n###### Issue 9 - February\n\n##### **Guiding principle 27:**\n\n1. International humanitarian organizations and\nother appropriate actors when providing assistance\nshould give due regard to the protection needs and\nhuman rights of internally displaced persons and take\nappropriate measures in this regard. In so doing,\nthese organizations and actors should respect relevant\ninternational standards and codes of conduct.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7da88e7c-da15-34f5-a0fe-eda7e47e3b78/Echoes_En%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nThe effective link between Protection and Humanitarian\nAssistance is key to ensure that humanitarian intervention\naddresses the pressing needs of the affected population,\nwhile at the same time improves the overall access to human rights. Humanitarian assistance tackles the most basic\nhuman rights, notably the right to life, which is the base for\nthe enjoyment of other rights.\n\n\nMainstreaming Protection ensures that the protective impact of aid programming is maximized. Through the incorporation of protection principles into delivery of humanitarian\nassistance, humanitarian actors can ensure that their activities target the most vulnerable, enhance safety, dignity, and\npromote and protect the human rights of the beneficiaries without contributing to or perpetuating discrimination,\nabuse, violence, neglect and exploitation.\n\n\n**Protection Mainstreaming is the process**\n**of aligning Protection and Humanitar-**\n**ian Assistance, which is the process of**\n**incorporating protection principles and**\n**promoting meaningful access, safety and**\n**dignity in humanitarian aid**\n\n\nHumanitarian workers should take into account the following elements in all humanitarian activities to ensure the\nmainstreaming of protection:\n\n\n**\u2022** **Prioritization of safety and dignity, and avoidance of**\n**causing harm:** prevent and minimize as much as possible any unintended negative effects of the intervention which can increase people\u203as vulnerability to both\nphysical and psychosocial risks.\n\n**\u2022** **Meaningful Access:** arrange for people\u2019s access to assistance and services, in proportion to need without\nany barriers and pay special attention to individuals\nand groups who may be particularly vulnerable or\nhave difficulty accessing assistance and services.\n\n**\u2022** **Accountability:** set-up appropriate mechanisms through\nwhich affected populations can measure the adequacy\nof interventions, and address concerns and complaints.\n\n**\u2022** **Participation and empowerment:** support the development of self-protection, capacities and assist people to claim their rights, including the rights to shelter,\nfood, water and sanitation, health, and education.\n\n\n###### **Protection encompasses all activities** **aimed at ensuring respect for the rights** **of the individual in accordance with the** **letter and the spirit of relevant bodies** **of law, including international human** **rights, humanitarian, and refugee law [1]**\n\nHumanitarian Assistance has a wide protection capacity\naiming to address the urgent needs of the target populations, thereby improve their human rights situation. Yet, if\nthe planning and delivery of humanitarian assistance are\nnot guided by protection objectives and basic humanitarian\nprinciples, the safety and dignity of civilians can be put at serious risk and the humanitarian character of assistance can\nbe undermined. Consequently, planning and delivering humanitarian assistance through protection lens could greatly\nexpand its protection capacity.\n\n###### **Humanitarian Assistance is the aid and** **action designed to save lives, allevi-** **ate suffering and maintain and protect** **human dignity during and in the after-** **math of man-made crises and natural** **disasters. It prevents and strengthens** **preparedness for the occurrence of** **such situations [2] .**\n\n\n1. Source: Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)\n2. Source: Good Humanitarian Donorship\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 9** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7da88e7c-da15-34f5-a0fe-eda7e47e3b78/Echoes_En%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\nThe Inter-Agency\nStanding Committee (IASC) defines Protection Mainstreaming in practical terms through \u201cidentifying who is at\nrisk, how and why at the very outset of a crisis\nand thereafter, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities that contribute to these risks, including\nthose experienced by men, women, girls and boys,\nand groups such as internally displaced persons, older\npersons, persons with disabilities, and persons belonging to sexual and other minorities.\u201d\n\n\nHence, a protection-based delivery of humanitarian\nassistance requires knowing the specific protection\nneeds and vulnerabilities of the population. Knowing\nthe protection needs and vulnerabilities will inform, on\nthe one hand, a decision as to the kind of humanitarian\nassistance that is needed, and on the other hand, will\nensure that the delivery of such an assistance targets\nthe persons at higher risk and with greater needs. The\nmore concrete the assessment of protection needs and\nvulnerabilities, the more effective will be the delivery\nof assistance.\n### **The international legal** **framework**\n\n\nThe international law underscores the primary responsibility of states to guarantee protection as well as the\nresponsibility of non-state armed groups in situations of\narmed conflicts. It also protects human rights, facilitates\nhumanitarian assistance and promotes durable solutions\nincluding access to effective remedies for international\nhuman rights and humanitarian law violations. While\nthe international law aims at protecting the security and\nwell-being of all persons, it accords special protection to\ncertain affected categories, including women, children,\ncivilian population and internally displaced persons. The\nInter-Agency Standing Committee and humanitarian actors more broadly, have recognized the fundamental importance of protection in humanitarian action through\nensuring respect for international human rights and international humanitarian law [3] .\n\n\n\nThe international legal framework for humanitarian action comprises different branches of international law,\nthe most prominent being international humanitarian law\n(IHL), which governs during armed conflicts. The humanitarian principles of humanity and impartiality have a basis\nin IHL. In addition to regulating the means and methods\nof warfare, IHL outlines the rights and duties of parties\nto an armed conflict and the potential role of humanitarian agencies regarding assistance. Moreover, the International human rights law, international refugee law and\ninternational criminal law could operate at the same time\nas IHL to create a comprehensive and established legal\nframework for protection and assistance [4] .\n\n\n**When humanitarian organizations spe-**\n**cifically focus on assisting people facing**\n**discrimination/ persecution, they extend**\n**an important form of protection** **[5]** **.**\n\n\n3. The Protection of Human rights in Humanitarian Crises: A Joint\nBackground Paper by OHCHR and UNHCR\n4. International Legal Frameworks for Humanitarian Action, p. 6.\n5. Growing the Sheltering Tree protecting rights through humanitarian action, IASC 2002\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 9** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7da88e7c-da15-34f5-a0fe-eda7e47e3b78/Echoes_En%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Echoes From Syria\n\n### **The Syrian context**\n\nThe Government of Syria bears the primary responsibility for protecting its citizens in accordance with its international and national obligations. The 2012 Syrian Arab\nRepublic\u2019s Constitution contains several articles that set a\ngeneral binding framework for assistance delivery. Article\n14 indicates that public resources are publicly owned and\nthat the State shall manage them for the benefit of all\npeople. Moreover, Article 21.1 refers specifically to the\nState\u2019s support to every citizen and his family in cases,\ninter alia, of emergency. The principle of non-discrimination is enshrined in Article 33.3 indicating that citizens\nshall be equal in rights and duties without discrimination\non grounds of sex, origin, language, religion or creed.\nThe same article establishes the obligation of the State\nto guarantee the citizen\u2019s personal freedom and preserve\ntheir dignity and security.\n\n\nIn view of the above, Syria as Party to the relevant international conventions, acceded to support its citizens in\ncase of emergency without discrimination among them,\nensure their personal freedom and preserve their dignity\nand security and make use of public resources for the\nbenefit of all people.\n\n\nHumanitarian access, notably to population in hard- toreach areas, and the identification of protection risks and\nvulnerabilities of beneficiaries, are key challenges to a\nprotection-effective assistance delivery. The 2015 Syria\nResponse Plan (SRP) indicates that throughout 2014, safe\nand unimpeded humanitarian access in Syria, which is\nfundamental to assess the protection risks and vulnerabilities of beneficiaries and guide the delivery of assistance individually and collectively, remained a significant\nchallenge for humanitarian actors.\n\n\n\nProduced by UNHCR-Syria Reporting Unit on behalf of the Protection Sector\n\n\n### **The Protection** **Sector Response**\n\nThe 2015 Syria Strategic Response Plan (SRP) indicates\nthe commitment of the UN to work with the Syrian government on developing national institutional capacity in\nProtection to uphold humanitarian norms and principles.\nThe SRP identifies Protection Mainstreaming as one of\nthe cross-cutting issues that inform the humanitarian response. Consequently, Protection mainstreaming will be\npromoted across all sectors by incorporating protection\nprinciples in humanitarian assistance and promoting access, safety and dignity. All activities should aim at obtaining full respect for the rights of affected people with the\nletter and spirit of the relevant provisions of international\nlaw, International Humanitarian Law and International\nHuman Rights Law.\n\n\nThe Protection and Community Services Sector has provided advice on protection related issues to other Sectors and Agencies that deliver humanitarian assistance,\nas well as provided guidance on a protection-based assistance delivery as appropriate. The centrality of protection\nis ensured through incorporating protection in service\ndelivery by all sectors for partners to provide equitable\nand meaningful access to essential services. This should\nguarantee that humanitarian action across sectors does\nnot cause unintentional harm but rather maximizes protection outcomes.\n\n\nParticular attention will be given in 2015 by the Protection\nSector to the safe access of affected persons to protection services, with priority given to the most vulnerable\nchildren including recruited children, women and notably\nvictims of gender-based violence and trafficking. Flow of\ninformation to beneficiaries and relevant stakeholders on\navailable services, both by the Sector Members and duty\nbearers, is essential to ensure adequate and timely access. Protection services will help identify gaps and recurrent issues, to be addressed with duty bearers, along\nwith proposals for improvement. The mainstreaming of\nprotection should be done both at policy and operational\nlevels and should be reviewed/updated periodically. In\n2015, the Protection Sector will provide protection considerations and criteria for the delivery of humanitarian\nassistance and priority interventions to other Sectors,\nwhere requested. Also through the Inter-Sector Coordination, cross-cutting protection issues will be identified\nand addressed through policy developments and advocacy advice along with the other Sectors.\n\n\n\n**PCSS Coordinator** :\nAjmal Khybari / khybari@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector/ Issue 9** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7da88e7c-da15-34f5-a0fe-eda7e47e3b78/Echoes_En%209.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_364/raw/doc_364_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_364/raw/doc_364_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 13c4ae41db8ee924703a9410bf03295ee6c62a5e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_364/raw/doc_364_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### The Islamic Republic of Iran\n\n## Education Away from Home\n\n### Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the Islamic Republic of Iran Edu cation Brief 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n## Contents\n\n###### Overview .......................................................................... 3 The Afghanistan Crisis and its Impact on Iran ...................... 5 Education Needs Overview ................................................. 6 Challenges in Accessing Education ...................................... 7 Education for Refugees in Iran .......................................... 12 Call to Action .................................................................... 14\n\n\n**Contact us**\nUNHCR Iran, External Engagement Team\n[irnteer@unhcr.org](mailto:irnteer@unhcr.org)\n\n**Cover photo**\nRefugee students benefit from education in Iran.\n\u00a9 Hossein Eidizadeh/UNHCR\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-2025\nEducation Brief December 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n# Overview\n\n\n\nFor over 40 years, the Islamic Republic of Iran\nhas provided refuge to Afghans fleeing\nviolence, insecurity, repression, and deprivation\nin the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. In 2024,\nas of the latest UNHCR Global Trends Report,\n**Iran hosted 3.8 million forcibly displaced**\n**persons, making it the largest refugee-**\n**hosting country in the world** . [1] With\nAfghanistan experiencing an unprecedented\nconvergence of crises, [2] including climate\nchange and disasters, entrenched poverty and\nthe exclusion of women and girls from society,\nthe likelihood of sustained cross-border\nmovements into Iran remains significant,\nadding to existing pressures.\n\nThe Government of Iran\u2019s generous inclusive\neducation policies have given hundreds of\nthousands of children access to the national\neducation system on par with their Iranian\npeers. This approach is in line with Iran\u2019s legal\ncommitments to international standards,\nincluding the 1966 International Covenant on\nEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights and the\n1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child,\nwhich address the right to education.\n\nHowever, the increase in the Afghan population\nin Iran since 2021 has put an unprecedented\nstrain on Iran\u2019s generous hosting policies. As a\nresult, the national education system in the\ncountry has become overwhelmed, especially in\nrefugee-hosting areas and many children are\nunable to enrol in schools. While the\nGovernment of Iran continues enrolling foreign\nchildren in schools, the lack of school capacity\nand the costs imposed on the country have\n**resulted in limitations on education**\n**access** .\n\nAt the same time, many Afghan families in Iran\nface financial challenges in supporting their\nchildren to attend school, with affordability\nbeing a key obstacle for students.\nUndocumented children encounter even greater\nchallenges to register in schools.\n\nAfghan students often Afghan students often\nrequire extra support to overcome learning\ngaps, transition to formal education, improve\ntheir mental and physical well-being, and\npursue higher education opportunities.\nEnsuring access to a quality education that\nnurtures children in a protective and safe\nlearning environment is likely to become more\n\n\n\nchallenging as demand for education services\nincreases.\n\nNon- and sub-optimal participation in education\nhave far-reaching consequences. In the\nimmediate term, education provides an entry\npoint to address cross-sectoral needs that can\nshape a child\u2019s physical and mental well-being.\nOver the longer-term, education also has\nimplications on living standards and community\nresilience, with level of education being a key\ndeterminant of employment prospects and\nfuture earnings, as well as a key enabler in\nfacilitating voluntary returns. Further,\neducation for girls benefits the whole society,\nhelping to support communities, enhancing\nwell-being at the household level,\nstrengthening the economy, and reducing\nsystemic inequalities. Moreover, investment in\neducation can contribute to social cohesion and\nco-existence between communities, benefitting\nAfghans and Iranian host communities alike,\nand ultimately will make refugees more\nprepared to rebuild their lives in Afghanistan,\nonce the conditions allow for their safe,\nvoluntary, and durable returns.\n\n**There is a pressing need to significantly**\n**expand assistance to ensure all Afghan**\n**children and youth in Iran have access to**\n**education.** In addition, more measures are\nrequired to support students in achieving their\nlearning goals once they are enrolled.\n\nThis updated Education Brief provides a\ndetailed analysis of **education-related needs**\n**among refugees and their host**\n**communities in Iran.** In defining the gaps\nand challenges to education in Iran,\ninternational aid organizations call on increased\nresponsibility-sharing to ensure that Afghan\nchildren and youth do not become a lost\ngeneration. This highlights that, as the largest\nhost of Afghan refugees, Iran\u2019s education\npolicies ensure that hundreds of thousands of\nchildren, who might otherwise be out of school [3]\ncan access education. As such, **Iran provides**\n**an alternative in ensuring continued**\n**education for Afghan children and youth,**\n**especially for women and girls.**\n\nBuilding on the momentum of the second\nGlobal Refugee Forum (GRF) [4] in December\n2023 and the ReSolve multi-stakeholder\npledges [5], scaled-up support is required to (I)\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-2025\nEducation Brief December 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n\nrevive the previous comprehensive inclusive\napproach to education based on the inclusion\nof all children regardless of their\ndocumentation status in the national education\nsystem; (ii) assist the most marginalized who\nare at great risk of being left behind, through\nassistance that addresses all facets of their\nphysical and mental well-being; (iii) promote\npathways for life-long learning that spans early\nchildhood to adulthood, also recognizing that\neducation for Afghan\u2019s youth is the only means\nto achieve durable solutions and self-reliance.\n\n\n**To advance progress towards these**\n**objectives, seven international aid**\n**organizations actively engaged in**\n**supporting education responses to**\n**Afghan refugees and Iranian host**\n**communities are appealing for**\n**USD 119.3 M for education** under the\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for\nAfghanistan Situation (RRP) 2024-2025 [6] .\n\nThis coordinated and needs-based inter-agency\nstrategy supports education for Afghan\nrefugees and Iranian host communities alike,\nprioritizing efforts to:\n\n\nAfghan and Iranians girls attend school\n\n\n\n1. Improve access to equitable, safe, and\n\n\n\ninclusive education for Afghans youth and\ntheir Iranian host communities, with a\nparticular emphasis on reducing barriers to\neducation for girls.\n2. Enhance the quality of education\n\n\n\nopportunities available through the\ndevelopment of a safe and protective\nlearning environment that improves overall\nlearning outcomes and enhances resilience,\nwith an emphasis on life-long learning.\n\n\n\nThese organizations bring a wealth of\nexperience and expertise with their\ncomplementary yet diverse programmes that\nseek to mitigate the multiple dimensions and\ndrivers of education-related needs in close\npartnership with the Government of Iran.\nTogether, they adopt an integrated approach,\nwith partners' interventions in education also\ncontributing to a variety of multi-sectoral\noutcomes, particularly in relation to protection\n(child protection), WASH, health and nutrition;\nthat support the overall physical and mental\nwell-being of young persons.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-2025\nEducation Brief December 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n## The Afghanistan Crisis and its Impact on Iran\n\n\nAfghanistan faces a profound convergence of humanitarian, human rights, and\neducation crises. Public services have collapsed, poverty is widespread, and human\nrights violations, particularly against women and girls, are escalating. The de facto\nauthorities continue to impose severe restrictions, including barring women and girls\nfrom schools, universities, workplaces and public spaces.\n\n\n##### The Challenges in Afghanistan and Displacement to Iran\n\nRestrictive policies, coupled with mounting\neconomic instability, acute food insecurity,\nfrequent natural disasters and limited donor\nfunding, have intensified the plight of Afghans,\nparticularly women and girls, pushing millions\ninto displacement.\n\nThe ban on secondary and higher education for\ngirls has upended the lives of 1.4 million girls,\n\n##### Iran\u2019s Role and Need for Support\n\n\nIran has shown remarkable generosity by\nhosting millions of refugees, granting access\nto healthcare and education. Policies like the\n2022 Government-led headcount exercise that\nsaw 2.6 million new arrivals and previously\nundocumented Afghans receive headcount\nslips have allowed undocumented Afghans to\naccess essential services. These slips are\nintended to prevent refoulement and facilitate\naccess to essential services, such as primary\nhealthcare and education. As a result, the\nnumber of refugees and persons in a \u201crefugeelike\u201d situation [7] hosted in Iran increased to\napproximately 3.8 million, resulting in Iran\nbecoming the largest refugee hosting country\nglobally, according to the UNHCR Global\nTrends report released in June 2024. [8]\n\nWith limited resources, Iran\u2019s ability to provide\nadequate education and services to refugees is\n\n\n\nwith severe consequences for Afghanistan\u2019s\nfuture. Parents seeking to secure education for\ntheir daughters often feel compelled to leave\nthe country, while women, including former\nactivists, judges, and journalists, flee in search\nof safety.\n\nThis exodus has increased cross-border\nmovements into Iran, placing immense\npressure on host communities. In 2024, Iran\nprovided refuge to 3.8 million Afghans,\nbecoming the largest refugee-hosting nation\nglobally. However, accommodating such\nnumbers comes with significant challenges.\n\n\nstrained. Many Afghan children face barriers to\neducation, while newly arrived female\nuniversity students, many of whom are highly\nvulnerable, require targeted assistance.\n\n\nSupporting Iran\u2019s education initiatives for\nAfghan refugees is essential \u2013 not only to\naddress immediate needs but to also equip\nAfghans with the skills required to rebuild their\ncountry when conditions improve.\n\n\nGreater investments in education, health, and\nsocial services for refugees in Iran are\nrequired to promote stability and address the\nlong-term impacts of displacement. To support\nresponsibility sharing, enhanced collaboration\nand increased funding from the global\ncommunity is needed to support Iran's\nhumanitarian efforts and to empower millions\nof Afghan refugees.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-2025\nEducation Brief December 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\nTwelve-year-old Hazratollah, an Afghan refugee in Iran, is thriving in\nschool, where he eagerly learns and has made many friends. Iran, which\nhosts around 3.8 million refugees and refugee-like population, has offered\n\nrefuge to Afghans fleeing violence for over 40 years, implementing one of\n\nthe world _\u2019_ s most progressive education policies by allowing refugee\nchildren, regardless of documentation status, to access the national\neducation system. Hazratollah, who dreams of becoming an engineer,\nrecalls the challenges his family faced navigating the enrolment process\n\nafter fleeing Afghanistan in 2021. With help from Iranian friends and\nofficials, he secured the necessary paperwork. While RRP partners support\n\nIran _\u2019_ s education policy, more international aid is needed to sustain\n\neducational access for refugee children like Hazratollah.\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief December 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n## Education Needs Overview\n\n\nThanks to the inclusive education policies of Iran, hundreds of thousands of Afghan\nchildren have equal access to schools alongside their Iranian peers. Although this\nexceptional humanitarian effort has provided education to Afghans for decades, it has\nalso placed significant strain on Iran\u2019s national education system. The surge in the\nnumber of Afghan students since 2021 has exacerbated these challenges, leading to\nincreasingly restrictive policies on the education of undocumented children, leaving\nmany of them unable to enrol in schools. The lack of physical school spaces creates\nbarriers for enrolling new students. At the same time, many Afghan families in Iran\nstruggle financially to support their children's education while also facing institutional\nand administrative challenges and socio-cultural barriers that reduce access to\neducation.\n\n\n##### Shifts in Iran\u2019s Refugee- Education Policies\n\nIran is a signatory to the 1951 Convention\nRelating to the Status of Refugees and its\n1967 Protocol. Under Article 22, Iran is\nobligated to provide refugees with the same\naccess to elementary education as its nationals\nand to treat refugees as favourably as possible\nand offer other forms of education. The New\nYork Declaration for Refugees and Migrants [9]\nand Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)\nemphasize the importance of ensuring all\nrefugee children have access to quality primary\nand secondary education in safe learning\nenvironments within a few months of their\narrival in host countries. To sustain such\npolicies, the GCR also **underlines** **the need**\n**for continued investment and**\n**international community support to help**\n**shoulder the financial costs of inclusion** .\n\n\nIran has shown an exemplary approach to the\nright to education, enabling foreign children to\nlearn side by side with Iranian children in public\nschools. While the Government of Iran\ncontinues to enrol refugee children in schools\nin line with its inclusive policies, limited school\ncapacity and financial pressures have created\naccess barriers.\n\n\n\nOver the years, Iran\u2019s policies and decisions\nregarding foreign children\u2019s access to education\nhave seen many changes. Currently, only\nforeign students with a Yekta code [10] can\nregister in schools, and even then, enrolment\ndepends on the availability of spaces. This\nultimately restricts access to education for\nundocumented foreign children.\n\n\nIn 2015, the Supreme Leader issued a decree\nformalizing access to primary and secondary\neducation for all Afghan children, regardless of\ntheir documentation status. Since then, the\nGovernment of Iran has issued annual\nguidelines detailing the enrolment procedures\nfor foreign students in schools. However, these\nguidelines have increasingly imposed more\nrestrictions on undocumented children\u2019s access\nto education, likely due to limited financial and\nhuman resources.\n\n\n**The latest guideline issued in September**\n**2024 explicitly prohibits the enrolment of**\n**students who do not hold valid**\n**documents** and are irregularly present in the\ncountry. As a result, many children are now\nexpected to face significant challenges in\naccessing education. In parallel, Afghan\nstudents already enrolled in schools often\nrequire additional assistance to support their\nphysical and mental well-being, including\naddressing their trauma of displacement and\nmitigating the impacts of learning loss.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief December 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n## Challenges in Accessing Education\n\n\n##### Overburdened Infrastructure and Physical Capacity Barriers\n\nAccording to the latest data from the Ministry\nof Education [11], some 16.3 million students are\nenrolled in Iran's formal education system for\nthe 2023-2024 school year. Student enrolment\nhas been on the rise in recent years, with an\nincrease of around 3 million compared to the\nmid-2010s. This growth has placed significant\npressure on the education system.\n\n**Around 610,000 Afghan and Iraqi**\n**children are enrolled in primary and**\n**secondary schools** for the 2024-2025\nacademic year, according to the Ministry of\nEducation. The increasing number of Afghan\nchildren in need of education in Iran has also\ncontributed to school overcrowding, with\nreports of up to 50 students per classroom in\nsome densely population refugee-hosting\nareas, far exceeding the national standard of\n20 students per classroom. [12] Most schools in\nthese areas operate in two shifts to\naccommodate demand.\n\n##### Human Resource Constraints\n\n\nIn addition to the overwhelmed physical\neducation infrastructure, Iran\u2019s national\neducation system faces a shortage of teachers\nto support both host community and Afghan\nstudents. **The Government estimates that**\n**an additional 176,000 trained teaching**\n**personnel are required** for the 2024-2025\nschool year.\n\nTeacher shortages can increase the number of\nclassrooms without assigned teachers, leading\nto overcrowded classrooms, or teachers being\nassigned to subjects outside their expertise.\n\n\n\nOvercrowded classrooms have a negative\nimpact on students\u2019 academic performance, as\nteachers have less time to engage with each\nstudent individually. This situation can also lead\nto social friction, with **some Iranian parents**\n**perceiving a negative correlation**\n**between their children\u2019s declining school**\n**performance and the growing number of**\n**Afghan students** . Overcrowding can also\ndetrimentally impact learning outcomes and\nschool retention, particularly in highly\nvulnerable households where education is often\ndeprioritized in favour of other basic needs.\n\n**The Government of Iran has indicated**\n**that at least 2,000 new schools are**\n**needed** at both primary and secondary levels\nto accommodate all school-age children and\nreduce overcrowding in the most densely\nrefugee-populated areas. Moreover, many\npartially rehabilitated schools require\ncompletion or further expansion to reduce\novercrowding. However, the capacity of Iran to\nshoulder these costs alone is limited, as\nentrenched economic challenges linked to\nsanctions and inflation, continue to reduce\nGovernment revenues.\n\n\nThese challenges negatively impact teachers'\nmotivation, the quality of education and,\nultimately, learning outcomes. Increasing the\nnumbers of female teachers is vital to reducing\nthe overall deficit. For girls, especially in\nconservative Afghan communities, a lack of\nfemale teachers can spell the end of their\nsecondary education, as some parents may not\nallow their daughters to be taught by male\nteachers. **Female teachers also act as**\n**important role models, who can inspire**\n**and support girls to complete their**\n**studies** - and potentially pursue careers as\nteachers themselves.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief December 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n##### Financial Challenges\n\nAlthough education is free for all children in Iran,\nas emphasized in the Afghan Children\nRegistration Circular for 2024-2025, the cost of\neducation, including assistance to schools,\nstationery and supplies, uniforms and\ntransportation, has risen in line with inflation.\n**Afghan students face similar financial**\n**difficulties,** **compounded** **by** **their**\n**exclusion from the national protection**\n**system**, which often prevents them from\ncontinuing their education.\n\nAt the tertiary level, many university-aged\nAfghans, including female students who fled\nAfghanistan after being banned from pursuing\neducation, have had to prioritize meeting their\nimmediate needs, such as livelihood, shelter,\nand food, despite their interest in continuing\ntheir studies. This situation has been\nexacerbated by rising university tuition fees and\nliving expenses.\n\n\n\nAfter completing university, **these students**\n**often struggle to secure employment due**\n**to labour regulations and restrictions on**\n**work permits,** particularly for women. As a\nresult, many are confined a small number of\nlow-skilled jobs, forcing them to work\nirregularly and in fields unrelated to their\nqualifications, all of which heighten the risk of\nexploitation and abuse.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief December 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n##### Institutional and Administrative Challenges, including Documentation\n\nAfghan children\u2019 access to protection and\nessential services has been largely governed by\ntheir documentation status, regulated through\nseveral new Government-led schemes. In May\n2023, Iran announced plans to issue a new\nunified smart ID card to consolidate the various\nforms of documentation held by foreign\nnationals in the country. This initiative aimed to\nreplace Amayesh cards for long-stay Afghans,\nHoviat cards for Iraqi refugees, 2022\nheadcount slips, special residence permits and\nfamily passports, with gradual access to\nbanking, judicial and administrative services, as\nwell as SIM cards. **Although the issuance of**\n**smart cards began in early 2024, it was**\n**halted in July, and as of the end of**\n**December 2024, no clear timeline for**\n**resumption** had been provided.\n\nSeveral bureaucratic hurdles further limit\nopportunities for Afghan children to be enrolled\nin school. The Afghan Children Registration\nCircular is routinely issued annually before the\nstart of the school year. However, for the\n2024\u20132025 academic year, delays in issuing\nthe circular, restrictions on the registration of\n\n\n\nundocumented Afghan children unable to\nobtain Yekta codes, and the prioritization of\nheadcounted groups over children of Amayesh\ncardholders and passport holders have further\nlimited Afghan children's access to formal\neducation.\n\n\nReports to UNHCR from refugees approaching\nits offices indicate that some families have\nfaced difficulties enrolling children without\nproper documentation, with only those\npossessing Yekta codes being able to register\nin schools. Field reports also suggest that\n**quotas on the registration of Afghan**\n**students are applied in some provinces**,\ndriven by a lack of space and growing antiAfghan sentiment.\n\nAfghan university students similarly face\ncomplex and restrictive pathways regarding\ntheir legal status in Iran. For example, Afghan\nstudents with Amayesh cards must give up\ntheir Amayesh status, obtain an Afghan\npassport, and apply for a student visa either at\nan Iranian consulate in Afghanistan or on Kish\nIsland in the southern part of Iran to enrol in\nuniversities. The EUR 30 (some IRR\n15,000,000) visa fee, coupled with transport,\naccommodation and other related expenses,\nare significant financial barriers for Afghan\nstudents seeking to enrol in tertiary education.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief December 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n##### Socio-Cultural Issues Related to Girls Education\n\nThe combination of financial challenges,\nprevailing patriarchal attitudes, and a lack of\nawareness among some Afghan parents about\nthe importance of education, presents\nconsiderable barriers to school enrolment.\nThese obstacles are particularly pronounced for\ngirls and children with disabilities. As a result,\nboys\u2019 education is often prioritised, and in\nsome cases, girls are prevented from attending\nschool, particularly in low-income communities.\n\nSchool retention and enrolment rates are\nnotably lower in poorer provinces, such as\nSistan-and-Baluchistan and Kerman. In these\nareas, more conservative norms intersect with\nhigher levels of deprivation. Due to their\nmarginalization from education, girls are also\n\n\n\nlikely to face an increased risk of exploitation\nand abuse, including forced and child marriage,\ngender-based violence, and other forms of\nabuse and sexual exploitation. This creates a\nvicious cycle where a lack of education for girls\nperpetuates poverty, further entrenching\ninequalities.\n\nMoreover, the psychological impact on those at\nrisk of missing out on education or facing\nmarginalization is significant, often leading to\nheightened anxiety, depression, and a sense of\nhopelessness. This effect is particularly\nprofound for women and girls, who, having\nalready experienced limited access to education\nin Afghanistan and deeply entrenched\npatriarchal attitudes, are often the most\nexcluded in community and household\ndecisions regarding enrolment. This\nexacerbates the emotional and psychosocial\nwell-being of Afghan women and girls.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n## 360\u00b0 Approach to Education\n\n\nIn addition to barriers to access, Afghan children often have specific needs, which if\nnot addressed, can impact learning outcomes and potentially compromise school\nretention and continued learning. In the long-term, this can undermine household and\ncommunity resilience by limiting livelihood opportunities.\n\nSimply \u2018being in school\u2019 is not enough: refugee children and youth need to have access\nto quality early childhood development and education (ECDE) programmes, inclusive\nformal primary and secondary education, non-formal education to support the\ntransition to formal education, and increased opportunities for continuous learning,\nwhether through technical and vocational education and training (TVET) or higher\neducation.\n\n\n##### Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE)\n\nECDE programmes for Afghan refugee children\nand the most vulnerable host community\nchildren in Iran is largely unavailable. ECDE is\nfoundational to a child\u2019s development,\nadvancing key outcomes that help realize a\nchild\u2019s potential. It prioritizes support to\nchildren from birth to five years of age,\nproviding integrated and multi-sectoral support\nin these critical formative years.\n\nECDE is particularly important for young\nrefugee children, who often contend with the\ndevelopmental and psychological consequences\nof displacement and may face challenges\nadapting to new surroundings. Although preschool is not universal or mandatory in Iran, **it**\n**is generally recommended that children**\n**whose mother tongue is not Farsi are**\n\n##### Crucial Support to Teaching Personnel\n\n\nTeachers are instrumental in shaping a\nchildren\u2019s learning pathways. In Iran, many\nteachers lack the training needed to effectively\ninclude Afghan children in formal education\nsettings. **Refugee children often face**\n**learning barriers due to the absence of**\n**teachers trained to manage multi-cultural**\n**classrooms** or fluent in Pashto or Dari. This\nnot only undermines learning outcomes but\nalso risks reducing school enrolment and\n\n\n\n**enrolled in pre-school to facilitate their**\n**transition into formal primary education** .\n\nHowever, for Afghan families, the costs\nassociated with ECDE are sometimes\nprohibitive. As a result, Afghan children often\nenter primary schools without basic skills,\nplacing them at a disadvantage compared to\npeers who have gone through ECDE,\nparticularly where they do not speak Farsi as\ntheir mother tongue. These challenges increase\nthe risk of grade repetition and dropout, which\nimposes additional burdens on families and the\neducation system.\n\n\nTo address these gaps, **further efforts are**\n**needed to enhance access to pre-primary**\n**education for Afghan children and**\n**Iranians in dual language areas** . This\nincludes expanding early childhood\ndevelopment and education programmes many\nUN agencies and INGOs provide to promote\nmore inclusive and equitable access.\n\n\nretention rates, as families may question the\nvalue of education and whether the opportunity\ncost of schooling is justified.\n\nThese challenges highlight the critical need for\nwhole-of-society approaches to education,\ninvolving all key stakeholders in a child's\nschooling \u2013 teachers, parents, and primary\ncaregivers. This is particularly important in\naddressing gender-related barriers to\neducation, as decisions around schooling and\neducation are still shaped by discriminatory\ngender norms \u2013 especially at the secondary\nlevel.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n\nTailored approaches are also required to\nensure the **equitable participation of**\n**marginalized groups and persons with**\n**specific needs** in formal education, including\nstudents with disabilities, who are at particular\nrisk of non-enrolment or dropping out of\nschool. Additional investments are required to\n\n##### Non-Formal and Off-Site Education\n\n\nAfghan children often face significant\nchallenges in transitioning to formal education.\nEffective inclusion and retention in formal\neducation requires increased non-formal and\naccelerated learning opportunities. Non-formal\neducation, including the establishment of\nCommunity Learning Centres, can also help\nnurture transferrable life skills, which can be\napplied to support both formal learning and\naccess to livelihood opportunities.\n\nTo facilitate inclusion, the provision of Farsi\nlanguage classes is essential, particularly for\nPashtun children in public schools. Without\ndedicated language classes for non-Farsi\nspeakers, retention rates will remain low and\nlearning outcomes will continue to be\ncompromised. At the same time, elective\nlanguage classes are required to maintain first\nlanguage skills, as this loss could likely hinder\nfuture opportunities for voluntary repatriation\nwhen the situation in Afghanistan improves.\n\nTo address disproportionately low retention\nrates in formal education systems among\nrefugee children, shorter-duration catch-up\nclasses to enable formal school enrolment and\n\n##### Continuous learning \u2013 Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and Higher Education\n\n\nFor Afghan students, cost remains the primary\nbarrier to accessing tertiary education. Higher\neducation costs include tuition fees, stationery,\ntextbooks, and equipment, all of which must be\nself-funded. Students must also cover their\nliving expenses, such as accommodation, food\nexpenses, and transport. Furthermore,\n\n\n\naccommodate these specific learning\nrequirements, including recruiting specialized\nteaching staff, expanding teacher training\nprogrammes, enhancing classroom support,\nand providing targeted learning resources to\nensure full accessibility for students with\nmobility challenges.\n\n\nremedial literacy and numeracy classes or\ntutoring are also required. Such interventions\nare particularly critical for Afghan refugee\nchildren who arrived after 2021 and likely\nexperienced significant disruptions to their\neducation. Currently, many NGOs in Tehran\nand across the country are providing support\nfor out-of-school children, particularly recent\narrivals, by preparing them for integration into\nthe formal education system through\nplacement tests. Several UN agencies and\nINGOs are also collaborating with local NGOs to\nprovide support in non-formal settings.\n\n**The Government of Iran has expressed**\n**willingness to enhance virtual education**\n**in light of the growing number of school-**\n**aged** Afghan children. Ensuring access to\ndigital connectivity, resources, and developing\nuniversal digital literacy for teachers and\nstudents is essential in equipping young people\nwith the skills needed to thrive.\n\n\nIn line with this forward-looking approach,\nfostering environmental literacy and\nconsciousness is equally important, enabling\nyoung people to contribute to greener, more\nsustainable societies, particularly given the\nmultiple environmental and climate-related\nchallenges the Islamic Republics of Iran and\nAfghanistan face.\n\n\n**restrictions on obtaining work permits for**\n**Afghan university graduates, especially in**\n**Iran's saturated job market, hinder and**\n**discourage young Afghans** from pursuing\nhigher education. Despite this, tertiary\neducation opportunities play a vital role in\nfostering self-reliance and resilience among\nrefugee communities, while also laying the\ngroundwork for sustainable voluntary returns\nwhen conditions become viable.\n\nAt the same time, many refugee adolescents\nand youth lack the skills needed to facilitate the\ntransition from secondary to tertiary education.\nCurrently, there are no dedicated post\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n\nsecondary education learning opportunities to\nsupport this transition. While access to tertiary\neducation remains limited, post-secondary\nlearning opportunities \u2014 such as language\ntraining, IT and digital literacy courses, and\ncatch-up or bridging programmes \u2014 can serve\nas a foundation to broaden access to higher\neducation for Afghan youth in Iran, including\nthrough complementary pathways and thirdcountry solutions.\n\nGreater consideration is also required to\nexpand access to TVET programmes at the\nsecondary, post-secondary and tertiary levels.\nAfghan students face quotas limiting their\naccess to TVET programmes at upper\nsecondary schools, resulting in significantly low\nenrolment rates. Moreover, access to nonformal TVET programmes is also costly and out\nof reach for many youths. **Expanding formal**\n**and non-formal TVET programmes for**\n**Afghan adolescents and youth, with a**\n**focus on green and market-driven skills**\n**could increase Afghan youth\u2019s**\n**employability and competitiveness in the**\n**labour market** . TVET programmes not only\n\n##### Social Emotion Learning (SEL) and Loss of Potential\n\n\nThe absence of a protective learning\nenvironment increases the risk of child\nprotection-related issues, such as exploitation,\nabuse, and child labour. **A lack of education**\n**can also deeply impact children\u2019s\u2019 mental**\n**well-being, often leading to despair and**\n**disengagement**, and an increased likelihood\nof psychological problems, such as depression,\nself-harm, and suicide. The marginalization and\ndenial of fundamental rights (including the\nright to education) is likely to have a particular\nimpact on the mental health of Afghan women\nand girls.\n\nIn light of this, psychosocial and social and\nemotional learning (SEL) is critical to facilitating\neducation access and retention in both formal\nand non-formal education programmes. Efforts\n\n\n\noffer a pathway for lifelong learning but can\nalso contribute to more durable solutions.\n\nRefugees, particularly youth, however, continue\nto face significant barriers to TVET\nprogrammes. These include transportation\nchallenges, conflicting work schedules, lack of\ndiverse or advanced training courses, and\nobstacles accessing job opportunities after\ngraduation. Women face additional obstacles,\nsuch as cultural barriers, childcare duties, and\nelder care responsibilities.\n\nTo address these challenges, more efforts are\nneeded to enhance access to higher education\n(undergraduate level) and TVET programmes\nfor Afghan youth in Iran. This includes\nexpanding UNHCR\u2019s support through the DAFI [13]\n(Albert Einstein German Academic Initiative)\nscholarship programme, which provides\nfinancial assistance to help cover tuition fees\nand living costs. Moreover, many UN agencies\nand INGOs also provide different free TVET\nprogrammes designed to enhance job-specific\nand soft skills, supporting Afghan adolescents\nand youth to succeed in Iran\u2019s labour market\nand prepare for potential return to Afghanistan\nor second migration to other countries.\n\n\nto strengthen and scale-up teacher training on\nSEL, positive discipline, and trauma-informed\napproaches, are essential to these efforts.\nEmploying counsellors and psychologists can\nprovide early intervention and treatment for\nchildren showing signs of distress, while\nsupporting extracurricular activities fosters selfexpression and builds social connections.\n\nIn addition to helping refugee children cope\nwith the often-traumatic experiences that\nbrought them to Iran, SEL enhances\neducational success, employment prospects,\nand overall life satisfaction. These interventions\nare especially vital for at-risk children, including\nAfghan children living in street situations. More\ngenerally, improving alternative care options\nand family tracing and reunification for\nunaccompanied and separated children is\ncritical in enabling appropriate responses.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n# Call to Action\n\n\nIn view of the increased strain on the education system in Iran, greater and sustained\ninternational responsibility-sharing is urgently needed to support the Government of\nIran in maintaining inclusive education for Afghan children, while ensuring quality\neducation for both refugees and host communities. Without such support, Afghan\nrefugee children \u2014 particularly girls \u2014 risk being left behind, creating a lost\ngeneration.\n\n##### Sharing the Responsibility to Provide Quality Education\n\n\n\nBuilding on the situational and needs analysis\npresented in this Education Brief, the case for\nscaled-up and sustained support for education\nin Iran, consistent with the commitment to\nresponsibility-sharing, is undeniable:\n\n\n- Since 2021, there has been a substantial\nincrease in the number of Afghan students\nin Iran who require education and multisector assistance to ensure their well-being,\nmaintain living standards, and avoid a lost\ngeneration.\n\n\n- The ongoing instability in Afghanistan is\nexpected to significantly impact children\u2019s\naccess to safe and protective learning\nenvironments within their home country and\ndrive more displacement to Iran in the\nforeseeable future. This particularly impacts\nwomen and girls, whose right to education\nin Afghanistan has been denied, making\nIran their best opportunity to continue\nlearning. Newly arrived children join millions\nof Afghan students living in protracted\ndisplacement, for whom education is a\nlifeline that allows them to learn and\ndevelop, while offering the hope of a better\nfuture.\n\n\n- Against this backdrop, the overburdened\neducation system in Iran is put under\nfurther strain, compromising access to\neducation, and potentially eroding the scope\nof the Government\u2019s policies. Over time, as\nand when conditions in Afghanistan become\nconducive for return, gaps in education\n\n\n\nwill compromise the ability of Afghan youth\nto meaningfully contribute to the\ndevelopment and future of their country.\n\n\nTo support all stakeholders in pledging\nassistance for education in Iran, **seven**\n**international aid organizations are**\n**appealing for a combined USD**\n**113.2 million for education under the**\n**Regional RRP for the Afghanistan**\n**Situation 2024-2025** .\n\n\nThis coordinated and needs-based inter-agency\nstrategy supports education for Afghan\nrefugees and Iranian host communities alike,\nprioritizing efforts to:\n\n\n1. Improve access to equitable, safe, and\n\ninclusive education for Afghan refugees\nand their host communities, with a\nparticular emphasis on reducing barriers to\neducation for girls.\n\n\n2. Enhance the quality of education\n\nopportunities available through the\ndevelopment of a safe and protective\nlearning environment that improves overall\nlearning outcomes and enhances resilience,\nwith an emphasis on life-long learning.\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n##### USD 113.2 million for Refugee Education\n\n\n**In contributing to these objectives, RRP partners plan to undertake a range of activities:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Activities|Budget|\n|---|---|\n|Enhance schools and education facilities environment through construction,
rehabilitation, renovation, and provision of classroom equipment|$ 96,200,000|\n|Support access, reintegration, and retention in formal education to Afghan
children and adolescents, particularly girls|$ 4,380,000|\n|Students/prospective tertiary education students are provided with opportunities
for life-long learning through increased access to higher education, as well as
technical vocational education/ training programmes. This includes through the
Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative (DAFI) Scholarship
Programme|$ 4,200,000|\n|Targeted support to Afghan students and their families, specifically those from
the most economically disadvantaged backgrounds to enable them to access
education (awareness raising, cash and in-kind support)|$ 3,260,000|\n|Support the well-being of students, particularly students with disabilities|$ 3,100,000|\n|Parents and caregivers of Afghan children are equipped with the basic skills to
identify specialized needs and provide support|$ 801,000|\n|Support teachers in their professional development and equip them with the
skills required to provide tailored support to students|$ 796,000|\n|Support Afghan children, particularly girls, with specialized services that address
risks and negative coping mechanisms, including those resulting from
psychosocial distress|$ 500,000|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBudget Requirement\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n\n##### An Opportunity to Contribute to Afghanistan\u2019s Future\n\nThis 2024-2025 Education Brief under the RRP\nseeks to capitalize on the momentum of the\nGlobal Refugee Forum (GRF) to advance the\nobjectives of the Global Compact on Refugees\n(GCR) Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugee\n(SSAR).\n\n\nIn line with this, the \u201cMulti-Stakeholder Pledge\nfor Resilience and Solutions: ReSolve\u201d\nprovides.\n\n\n\nan opportunity for all stakeholders to\ncontribute to Afghanistan\u2019s future by pledging\nsupport for Iran, including through financing\nthe 2024-25 RRP. This also builds on the\npriorities of the Government of Iran, which\ncontinues to see access to education and\nretention in schooling for Afghan refugees as a\nprimary objective. It also recognizes the reality\nthat **Iran presents the best opportunity to**\n**invest in education for Afghans,**\n**particularly women and girls** .\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Away from Home | Supporting education for Afghan refugee children and youth in the\nIslamic Republic of Iran\n\n#### End notes\n\n\n\n1 [UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2024.](https://www.unhcr.org/mid-year-trends-report-2024)\n\n2 [Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-summary-endaripashto)\n\n- OCHA\n\n3 [Afghanistan: 1.4 million girls still banned](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/afghanistan-14-million-girls-still-banned-school-de-facto-authorities#:~:text=1.4%20million%20Afghan%20girls%20have%20been%20deliberately%20deprived%20of%20schooling.%20Access%20to%20primary%20education%20has%20also%20fallen%20sharply%2C%20with%201.1%20million%20fewer%20girls%20and%20boys%20attending%20school.)\n[from school by de facto authorities](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/afghanistan-14-million-girls-still-banned-school-de-facto-authorities#:~:text=1.4%20million%20Afghan%20girls%20have%20been%20deliberately%20deprived%20of%20schooling.%20Access%20to%20primary%20education%20has%20also%20fallen%20sharply%2C%20with%201.1%20million%20fewer%20girls%20and%20boys%20attending%20school.)\n(UNESCO, Sep. 24).\n\n4 [Summary of the key discussions and](https://www.unhcr.org/media/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2023)\n[outcomes from the Global Refugee Forum](https://www.unhcr.org/media/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2023)\n[2023.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2023)\n\n5 [Multi-stakeholder Pledge: ReSolve - for](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/multi-stakeholder-pledge-resolve-resilience-and-solutions-pledge-afghanistan-situation)\n[Resilience and Solutions](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/multi-stakeholder-pledge-resolve-resilience-and-solutions-pledge-afghanistan-situation)\n\n6 [Document - Regional Refugee Response Plan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107144)\n[2024-2025 - Afghanistan Situation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107144)\n\n[7 People in refugee-like situation refers to a](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/methodology/definition#:~:text=People%20in%20refugee%2Dlike%20situation,other%20reasons%2C%20not%20been%20ascertained)\ncategory of people who are outside their\ncountry or territory of origin and who face\n\n\n\nprotection risks similar to those of refugees,\nbut for who do not hold refugee status has.\n\n8 For more details on Afghan refugee\n[population in Iran, please see UNHCR Iran\u2019s](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/irn)\n[Operational Data Portal](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/irn)\n\n9 [New York Declaration for Refugees and](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/asylum-and-migration/new-york-declaration-refugees-and-migrants)\n[Migrants | UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/asylum-and-migration/new-york-declaration-refugees-and-migrants)\n\n10 Yekta code is a unique 10-digit code issued\nto foreign nationals with valid residence\nstatus, this code is used by the government\nand service providers to identify and provide\nservices to foreign nationals as well as keep a\nrecord of them in their database.\n\n11 [Iranian Ministry of Education Website](https://medu.ir/fa/news/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C-%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF)\n\n12 [Islamic Parliament Research Centre (IPRC)](https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/1801359#:~:text=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%20%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%20%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AD%D9%87%20%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%87%20%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B0%DB%B3%20%D8%AF%D8%B1%20%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%)\n\n13 [DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/build-better-futures/education/higher-education-and-skills/dafi-tertiary-scholarship-0)\n[Initiative)](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/build-better-futures/education/higher-education-and-skills/dafi-tertiary-scholarship-0)\n\n\n\nRegional Refugee Response Plan for Afghanistan Situation 2024-25\nEducation Brief 2024 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f446766b-dc51-5568-91c7-c0ee57f25767/Education-Brief-2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_365/raw/doc_365_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_365/raw/doc_365_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 33184571fa87e93d3fcd2ad82cde1ba151f80f19..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_365/raw/doc_365_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\nSince _[EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: A note by the Regional Education in](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-october)_\n_[Emergencies Working Group](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-october)_ was published in October 2021, on the occasion of the Fourth International\nConference on the Safe Schools Declaration in Nigeria, the situation in the region has further deteriorated,\n\nbringing the issue of protecting education to the forefront.\n\n\n\n**The West and Central Africa region has seen a sharp**\n**increase in the number of schools closed due to insecurity**\n**during the past year.**\n\nBy the end of the 2021-22 school year, over 12.400 schools\nwere closed in eight countries of the region [1], either because\nthey are a direct target of attacks by Non-State Armed Groups\n\n\n1 According to National Education Clusters in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central\nAfrican Republic (CAR), Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali, Niger,\nNigeria. DRC figures relate specifically to direct attacks on schools.\n\n\n\n(NSAGs) or because teachers have fled leaving no-one\nto teach, or because parents are too frightened to send\ntheir children to school or are themselves in a process of\nrepeated forced displacement to safer areas. The spread and\nintensification of conflict is having an ever more devastating\neffect on access to and continuity of learning, affecting the\nfuture of entire generations of children.\n\n\n\n\n\nAttacks on Education and Displacement Trends in West & Central Africa (as of September 2022)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Sources: UNHCR, IOM, ACLED, Insecurity Insight, GCPEA_\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\nNumber of events of violence against education\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\nAttacks on students, school personnel, and education\ninstitutions have a devastating impact on access to learning\nand on a society\u2019s overall development. In addition to the\ndeaths and injuries caused by the attacks, they also often\nresult in a decline in student attendance, issues with teacher\ndeployment and retention in insecure zones, a decline in\neducation quality, an increased exposure to serious forms\nof violence and other risks including child marriage, early\npregnancy, forced displacement, child labour and the risk of\nbeing recruited by parties to conflict.\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n_Sources: ACLED, Insecurity Insight, GCPEA, Education in Danger_\n\n\n\nBenin, Ghana, and more recently Togo, leading to further\n\nclosure, including schools. The fear is that this situation\n\nservices.\n\n\n2 A 143% increase in attacks in the southern areas of Burkina Faso was reported\nfrom January 2021 to May 2022. This resulted in the displacement of thousands of\nBurkinabe refugees to north-eastern C\u00f4te d'Ivoire and northern Benin: [htps://relief-](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n[web.int/report/cote-divoire/outl-de-veille-multrisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n[guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022.](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n\n\n\n**The degradation of the situation has occurred despite a**\n**number of encouraging developments.**\n\nAs of September 2022, most West and Central African\ncountries have endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration (SSD) [3 ]\n\nand have taken varied political and grassroots steps to\noperationalise it. For example, in 2020, CAR adopted a child\nprotection code, which criminalizes attacks on schools and\ntheir occupation. In October 2021, the Nigerian Ministry of\nDefense, with the Education in Emergencies Working Group,\nlaunched the SSD trainer's guide and participants' manual for\nNigerian security agencies and human rights institutions and\nreleased its national policy for safety, security and violencefree schools. Mali is working on a draft law on protecting\nschools and universities during armed conflicts. A State-led\nimplementation network is also available to support states\nthat have endorsed the SSD. It aims to promote cooperation,\nassistance, and provides states with support from global\nexperts. A similar dedicated SSD platform was established for\nthe Sahel countries to promote regional cooperation.\n\n\n3 The Safe Schools Declaration (SSD) is an inter-governmental political commitment to protect students, teachers, schools, and universities from the worst effects of\narmed conflict: [htps://ssd.protectngeducaton.org/.](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\n**The number of children in need of humanitarian assistance**\n**has multiplied, as has the share of unmet needs.**\n\n57 million children, adolescents and youth are not in school\ntoday in West and Central Africa, which represents almost\none in four out-of-school children (OOSC) in the world [4] . This\nfigure is all the more alarming when considering that it is twice\nthe region\u2019s share of the global population of children of the\ncorresponding age (6 to 18 years old \u2013 12.05 per cent) [5] .\n\nFor forcibly displaced children access to education is even\nmore difficult. In the 2021-22 school year, just over half of\nprimary school-age refugee children in the West and Central\nAfrica region were enrolled in school, while barely 20 per cent\nhad access to secondary education and less than 2 per cent to\nhigher education [6] .\n\nGrowing insecurity has a particularly negative impact on\naccess to school: based on data collected by the regional\nprotection monitoring mechanism, _Project 21_ [7], between\nJanuary and April 2022, on average 52 per cent of children did\nnot regularly go to school in the Central Sahel region with the\nmain reason being the closure or destruction of the school (27\nper cent) [8] .\n\n\n4 UNESCO GEMR and UIS (2022): htps://educaton-estmates.org/.\n\n\n5 UNPD/DESA (July 2022), Population Estimates 2022: htps://populaton.un.org/\nwpp/.\n\n\n6 UNHCR RBWCA (August 2022), Refugee Education Statistics.\n\n\n7 Project 21 online platform: [htps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/opera-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21)\n[tons/west-and-central-africa/project-21.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21)\n\n\n8 Project 21, [January-April 2022 Analysis.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/projet_21_mise_a_jour_1_janvier-avril_2022.pdf)\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe reduction in enrolment and attendance is also due to the\nfact that 53 per cent of children reveal that they do not feel\nsafe at school, with almost two-thirds (64 per cent) of children\nreporting having little to no hope for their future [9] .\n\nThe region therefore faces an unprecedented challenge, and\nan important part of its response will be its ability to provide\na better future for its youth. Despite this frightening situation\nand increased awareness of the problem, the education sector\nand more specifically the humanitarian response to education\nneeds are still severely underfunded: for example, in 2021, the\neducation sector in humanitarian responses was only 22 per\ncent funded, half of what it was in 2018 [10] .\n\n\n9 NRC, UNHCR, UNICEF (January 2022). [Central Sahel: Improve children's wellbeing](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/central-sahel-improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning)\n[and learning - Increasing psychosocial support in schools.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/central-sahel-improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning)\n\n\n10 Geneva Global Hub for Education in Emergencies (2022). [Educaton in Emer-](https://eiehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022_EiE-Financing-in-the-Wake-of-COVID-19_Time-to-Reinvest-to-Meet-Growing-Needs.pdf)\n[gencies Financing in the Wake of COVID-19: Time to Reinvest to Meet Growing Needs.](https://eiehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022_EiE-Financing-in-the-Wake-of-COVID-19_Time-to-Reinvest-to-Meet-Growing-Needs.pdf)\nThis figure does not include the Refugee Appeals.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Education Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5266939401626587, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR RBWCA", - "confidence": 0.6682125329971313, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7673667073249817, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7759820222854614, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Recommendations**\n\n**Nothing short of a dramatic increase in all**\n**education stakeholders\u2019 mobilization behind the**\n**implementation of the SSD in the region will suffice**\n**to protect children\u2019s fundamental right to learn in**\n**security.**\n\nWe call on governments, all parties to conflict and the\ninternational community to take concerted action to stop\nattacks and threats against schools, students, and school\npersonnel in West and Central Africa, and to step-up\naccountable, sustainable support for quality learning for every\nchild in the region.\n\n\n**Recommendation 1: Adopt holistic, integrated and**\n**multisectoral approaches to the implementation of the Safe**\n**Schools Declaration**\n\n- States must operationalize _Resolution 2601 (2021)_ [11],\nadopted by the United Nations Security Council on October 29,\n2021, aimed at ensuring the protection of children affected by\narmed conflict and facilitating the continuity and protection of\neducation in times of armed conflict.\n\n- Governments should take concrete measures - for example,\nthrough legislation, standing orders, and training - to end the\nmilitary use of schools, and at a minimum, implement the\n_Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military_\n_Use During Armed Conflict_ [12] .\n\n- The international community should support strong global\nand regional cooperation and the peer-to-peer exchange of\ngood practices and lessons learned through the State-led\nimplementation network or the Sahel platform on implementing\nthe _Safe Schools Declaration_ .\n\n\n**Recommendation 2: Systematize measures to prevent attacks**\n**on education**\n\n- Governments and partners should immediately negotiate the\nnon-occupation of schools by parties to conflict and prioritise\nthe rehabilitation and securing of damaged or destroyed schools\n(including through demining).\n\n- Governments and partners should establish early warning\nsystems and emergency response plans (in consultation with\nschool communities), build the capacity of education personnel\nand train children and teachers in self-protection, including\nthrough the Safe Schools approach.\n\n- Coastal countries should urgently strengthen all prevention\nand response plans to protect schools and educational\ncontinuity in the event of a rapid deterioration of the security\nsituation.\n\n\n11 Security Council resolution 2601 (2021) on children and armed conflict: [htps://](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946523?ln=fr)\n[digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946523?ln=fr.](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946523?ln=fr)\n\n\n12 GCPEA (2014). [Guidelines for Protectng Schools and Universites from Military](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n[Use during Armed Confict.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\n\n**Recommendation 3: Reinforce alternative, innovative,**\n**accelerated, and flexible learning solutions for educational**\n**continuity**\n\n- Governments and partners should immediately negotiate\nthe reopening of closed schools on the one hand and\nintroduce or expand initiatives that promote continued learning\nfor children who have had to drop out of school or those that\nhave had long interruptions in their learning on the other.\nThis requires ministries to be flexible in their approaches and\nrequires partners to be innovative and experiment with various\nalternative education options including distance learning.\n\n- Education stakeholders need to work with Koranic\neducation structures, understanding that they are often\nthe only ones that remain open in the current context\nwhere education is under attack, promote the inclusion of\nfoundational literacy and numeracy therein, and support\npathways to continued education for their learners.\n\n\n**Recommendation 4: Expand and improve psychosocial**\n**support to children, their teachers, and caregivers**\n\n- Governments and partners should provide increased group\nand individual psychosocial and socioemotional learning\nsupport to traumatized children and their teachers, recognizing\nthat the former cannot learn, and the latter cannot teach.\n\n\n**Recommendation 5: Increase predictable and flexible**\n**financing for education in emergencies**\n\n- Ministries of education need to advocate to ministries of\nfinance and budget for increased budget allocations that allow\nfor flexible disbursements.\n\n- Ministries of education need to be accountable to the\nhardest to reach and most marginalized children including\nrefugees and ensure equitable access to education services.\n\n- Donors should promote synergies and complementarities\nof funding to ensure the best usage thereof, and fund specific\nmeasures to prevent, mitigate, and respond to attacks on\neducation across the development-humanitarian nexus,\nincluding at Education Cannot Wait\u2019s upcoming pledging\nconference in February 2023.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Global**\nEducation\nCluster\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b7c4820-97b7-4ea7-818c-51fe331924eb/Education%20under%20attack%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20-%202022%20update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_366/raw/doc_366_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_366/raw/doc_366_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index aae5bbf689fea6507586c8f98a7dd69d205b78aa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_366/raw/doc_366_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,218 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n\n_A boy at a UNICEF-supported school in Za\u2019atari camp for Syrian refugees, Jordan._\n\n\n_\u201cI used to have a dream, but it\u2019s been blown away by the winds of this place. My_\n_dream was to go to university and study pharmacy. It was on my mind and in my_\n_heart, but it\u2019s been reduced to ash.\u201d_\n\n_**Heba, 17, Za\u2019atari refugee camp in Jordan**_\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n\n_Ghazele is 10 years old. She fled with her mother, father, sister and two brothers from the fighting in Syria. They crossed the border illegally in 2012_\n_bringing a few belongings._\n\n###### **Learning in free fall**\n\nThe conflict in Syria is entering its fourth year. Every day the crisis is prolonged, the pain endured by innocent\nfamilies grows \u2013 leaving deep scars that are likely to disfigure the Middle East and beyond for years to come.\n\n\nA region that has suffered more than its share of conflict and displacement is once again wracked by violence,\neconomic hardship and a vast weight of human suffering. Most affected of all are Syria\u2019s children: more than 5\nmillion young lives are at risk of becoming a \u201clost generation\u201d.\n\n\nThis paper focuses on the havoc being wreaked on these children\u2019s hopes of an education \u2013 and the likely\nconsequences for the region\u2019s future. It outlines the long-term impact of the collapse in school enrolment inside\nSyria, the transformation of schools from safe spaces to places of danger, and the heavy burden that more than a\nmillion young refugees is placing on school systems in neighbouring countries.\n\n\nWe argue that even among the many challenges facing Syria\u2019s children, ensuring their continued access to learning\nis an essential platform for protection, social stabilization and economic recovery, and one the world cannot ignore.\n\n\nWe present four key recommendations to be undertaken by regional governments and their international partners\nto safeguard Syrian children\u2019s fundamental right to quality education.\n\n\nIf the opportunity is missed, the likely outcome -- a sharp rise in the proportion of uneducated youth -- will\nperpetuate the costs of conflict for decades to come. Every Syrian child out of school is a lifetime\u2019s potential under\nthreat.\n\n\nOnly immediate and concerted action can stop that from happening.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n###### **A challenge that can only grow**\n\nThe task of providing an education to Syria\u2019s children is becoming ever more daunting as the numbers of children\nand families displaced by the conflict increase.\n\n\nJordan is expecting a 40 per cent rise in the number of Syrian schoolchildren by the end of 2014. Lebanon could see\nthe number of Syrian schoolchildren it is hosting more than double over the same period \u2013 up to 700,000.\n\n\nIn Iraq, the number of Syrian school-aged children is expected to grow by 93 per cent to 168,000 by the end of 2014.\nTurkey is projecting a rise that is almost as dramatic over the coming year \u2013 potentially increasing its Syrian schoolage population to more than 516,000, an increase of 85 per cent over today\u2019s figures.\n\n\nThese projections are based on UN planning figures for 2014. It is impossible to say how they will be shaped -- for\nbetter or worse -- by events over the coming year.\n\n\n_Two boys sell cooked corn near destroyed buildings in the city of Idlib, Syria._\n\n###### **Recommendations for global action**\n\n_\u201cThe crisis has caused a massive break in our children\u2019s education. This project is an opportunity for_\n_them to regain their self-esteem and hope for the future.\u201d_\n\n_Khleif al-Muglat, former education official in Hama governorate and now an assistant in a UNICEF-_\n_supported informal school project near Zahle, Lebanon._\n\n\nEducation has the power to make a real and lasting difference to young lives who have suffered through Syria\u2019s\nconflict. Each day in school stabilizes lives and communities, spurs growth, and provides hope and purpose in\nfundamental ways. Through education, a generation of children can access protective environments, acquire\nknowledge and skills for the future, and contribute to peacebuilding.\n\n\nWhen peace comes, children will be the ones to lead their communities towards a brighter future \u2013 a task they can\nonly shoulder if they have been able to continue their education.\n\n\nTo make this happen, urgent global action must be taken to safeguard the fundamental right of Syrian children to\nquality education. The same must apply to children in the equally vulnerable communities that are hosting them.\nRegional governments and their international partners can begin to address this situation by acting on **four key**\n**recommendations** :\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n\n**1. Long-term planning for the education of displaced Syrian children:** Regional governments and\ninternational partners must plan for a future which meets the education needs of Syrian refugee children over\nthe long term. Host governments must be supported in the development and implementation of innovative\neducation policies and models that reflect the presence of Syrian children as an enduring reality. This should\ninclude helping local and refugee children to learn comfortably together and exploring transferrable certification\nof schooling for refugee students.\n\n**2. Host countries must be supported and international investment doubled:** Long-term solutions of the\nscale needed cannot be implemented at current levels of funding. International appeals for the Syria crisis this year\nare only 62 per cent funded, leaving a US$ 2.6 billion gap. Only 67 per cent of UNICEF\u2019s 2013 appeal for education\nneeds inside Syria and the sub-region have been met. International partners must support host governments\u2019\nefforts to expand and improve learning spaces, recruit additional teachers and slash the costs of getting children\ninto the classroom \u2013 including transport, school materials and funds for extra teaching shifts. Investment is also\nneeded in education for children with disabilities, and vocational training for older children - all of which will help\nchildren from host communities as well as refugee children.\n\n**3. Scale-up success and innovation:** Some countries have adopted innovative ways to ensure more children\nresume their learning. Inside Syria, learning opportunities have helped children deal with the worst kinds of\ntrauma. Children who have been able to listen, play and talk in hundreds of safe spaces set up across the country\nare better able to process their experiences and are more optimistic about their prospects. These friendly learning\nspaces are essential to reach the poorest and most vulnerable of Syria\u2019s children. Meanwhile, a home-based selflearning programme is being developed.\n\n\nNon-formal learning centres in Lebanon have helped thousands of child labourers attend class after work. They\nare also helping those who have dropped out of school to get back into class.\n\n\nIn Turkey, schools are being built inside the camps and in host communities where Syrian children are taught in\nArabic, by Syrian volunteer teachers.\n\n\nIn Jordan\u2019s Zaatari camp, assembly points are organized where girls can meet a teacher and walk to school as a\ngroup to address parents\u2019 concerns for their safety.\n\n**4. End the devastation of Syria\u2019s education infrastructure:** The collapse of Syria\u2019s education system can only be\nhalted by political commitment from parties to the conflict. The devastation inflicted on Syria\u2019s schools must end;\nschools must not be used for military purposes, and should be declared \u2018zones of peace\u2019; parties to the conflict\nhave a responsibility to enable safe access for school children\u2013 and those who violate international humanitarian\nlaw should be held accountable. Donors should also provide funds to enable monitoring and reporting of attacks\non education.\n\n\n_A Syrian refugee girl holds up a pack of educational supplies on her first day of class in a UNICEF-supported school in the city of Sanliurfa, Turkey._\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n\n(Endnotes)\n\n\n1. State of the World\u2019s Children Report 2011: UNICEF.\n\n\n2. World Bank data; spending on public education as a % of GDP 2004-2008 & 2009 onwards; http://data.worldbank.\norg/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?page=1.\n\n\n3. UNICEF calculates enrollment outside Syria on a country-by-country basis, based on the number of refugees\nregistered with UNHCR and the number reported attending school by national Education Ministries. Regional\nenrollment rate of 38 per cent estimated here is the sum of the registered school-aged cohort in Lebanon,\nJordan, Turkey, Iraq and Egypt compared to the sum of reported school attendees.\n\n\n4. Safe No More - Students and Schools Under Attack in Syria: Human Rights Watch (June 2013).\n\n\n5. Lower attendance estimates are calculated based on official government figures of total refugee populations\n(registered and unregistered) compared to current national data on refugee school enrollments.\n\n\n6. Lebanon enrolment data for Syrian refugees high estimate provided by Lebanon Ministry of Education October\n2013.\n\n\n7. School-age population data from UNESCO, recorded by UNICEF at www.childinfo.org. The primary and secondary\nschool-age cohort in Lebanon is 924,000 and in Jordan 1,565,000 (2006 data).\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "State of the World\u2019s Children Report", - "confidence": 0.5450809001922607, - "start": 11, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.9670581817626953, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7243042588233948, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9951338171958923, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official government figures of total refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.7781757116317749, - "start": 161, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7537887096405029, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6217390298843384, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "School-age population data from UNESCO", - "confidence": 0.6413307785987854, - "start": 204, - "end": 209 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6656230092048645, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5867927074432373, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children of Syria Alert Education Interrupted\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Children of Syria Alert Education Interru|pted|\n|---|---|---|\n||\u00a9 UNICEF/Jordan-2013/Noorani||\n|12|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a07ec102-0067-3525-959c-8a418ddf24d7/Education_Interrupted_Dec_2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_367/raw/doc_367_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_367/raw/doc_367_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73d1c0e381410f82fc89c985bdd48155410823a5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_367/raw/doc_367_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **Septembre 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Attaques sur l'\u00c9ducation en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre - Mise \u00e0 Jour 2023\n\n\n**Analyse sommaire**\n\n\nLe nombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre en raison d'attaques de groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques (GANE), d'occupation par des forces arm\u00e9es, d'un climat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, de menaces directes\nsur la vie des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et du personnel scolaire, et de la peur pure et simple \u00e0 laquelle sont confront\u00e9s les\nenfants, les familles, les enseignants et les communaut\u00e9s, a augment\u00e9 sur la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re,\npour atteindre plus de 13 250, avec un impact estim\u00e9 \u00e0 2. 5 millions d'enfants sur le plan de l'apprentissage,\ndu bien-\u00eatre et de la protection. Bien que cela repr\u00e9sente une modeste augmentation annuelle de 7 %, cette\nmoyenne cache des \u00e9volutions tr\u00e8s contrast\u00e9es.\nLe cas du Burkina Faso est le plus remarquable. Le nombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es pour cause d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 a augment\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 33 % pour atteindre le nombre de 6 150 ; aujourd'hui, une \u00e9cole sur quatre est ferm\u00e9e dans\nle pays. La RDC a \u00e9galement connu une forte augmentation, dans la m\u00eame proportion mais \u00e0 une moindre\n\u00e9chelle, pour atteindre le nombre de 410, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du conflit dans les r\u00e9gions orientales du\nNord-Kivu, du Sud-Kivu et de l'Ituri. Au Tchad, le nombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9 par plus de dix, pour\nen atteindre 134. Heureusement, ces tendances sont contrast\u00e9es par celles du Nigeria et de la R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine, o\u00f9 plus de 70 % et 90 % des \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es en septembre 2022 ont depuis lors rouvert leurs\nportes aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves\n\n#### **Fermetures d'\u00e9coles, d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et gravit\u00e9 de l'impact des** **conflits sur l'\u00e9ducation en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\"Uniquement dans la ville de Pama, nous avons plus de mille \u00e9l\u00e8ves, mais il n'y a que six enseignants permanents et six\nvolontaires. Nous manquons de mat\u00e9riel, de livres de lecture, de tables et de bancs, et de beaucoup d'autres choses.\nCompte tenu du grand nombre d'\u00e9l\u00e8ves, nos latrines sont en mauvais \u00e9tat. Il n'y a plus de portes, ce qui g\u00eane les jeunes\nfilles lorsqu'elles ont leurs r\u00e8gles. Pour l'instant, le besoin le plus urgent est la cantine scolaire. Nous avons plus de mille\n\u00e9l\u00e8ves. Nous ne sommes donc pas s\u00fbrs que les enfants puissent avoir un repas par jour. Souvent, nous devons arr\u00eater les\ncours parce qu'il y a eu des fusillades ici et l\u00e0. Lorsque nous entendons des coups de feu, nous demandons aux enfants de\nse mettre \u00e0 terre pour ne pas \u00eatre touch\u00e9s par des balles ou d'autres objets. Nous demandons \u00e9galement aux enfants de\nne pas bouger et de ne pas se mettre \u00e0 courir n\u2019importe comment. C'est tr\u00e8s d\u00e9routant, parce que si vous dites aux enfants\nde se mettre d'abord \u00e0 l'abri, pendant au moins peut-\u00eatre une heure ou deux, alors que nous menons une activit\u00e9, cela\nsignifie que l'activit\u00e9 est bloqu\u00e9e, paralys\u00e9e, et peut m\u00eame durer toute la journ\u00e9e. On ne peut pas se ressaisir facilement\".\n\n**Kampaari, instituteur \u00e0 Pama, zone de blocus, o\u00f9 seules deux des huit \u00e9coles primaires de la ville sont rest\u00e9es ouvertes**\n**(Burkina Faso)**\n\n\n#### **Attaques sur l'\u00e9ducation par pays,** **2020-2022**\n\n\n#### **Incidents contre l'\u00e9ducation,**\n\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n|Col1|12|\n|---|---|\n||4
8|\n||0

COD BEN GIN GHA TGO|\n|||\n\n\n\nMLI BFA NER CMR NGA TCD All 5 DRC CAR SEN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSahel\nCentral\n\n\n_Source: GCPEA, 2020-2022_\n\n\n\nAutre Bassin\ndu Lac Tchad\n\n\n\nGolf de\nGuin\u00e9e\n\n\n\nAfrique\nCentrale\n\n\n\n_Note: Le GCPEA d\u00e9finit les attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation comme toute menace ou tout usage intentionnel_\n_de la force, pour des raisons politiques, militaires, id\u00e9ologiques, sectaires, ethniques ou religieuses. Les_\n_donn\u00e9es incluent les attaques contre les \u00e9coles, les \u00e9tudiants, le personnel et l'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur,_\n_ainsi que le recrutement d'enfants, les violences sexuelles, l'utilisation militaire des \u00e9coles et les attaques_\n_cibl\u00e9es contre les filles et les femmes._\n\n\n\n_Source: Donn\u00e9es sur les lieux et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements des_\n_conflits arm\u00e9s (ACLED)_\n_Note : ACLED recense tous les types de violence politique_\n_et d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements de protestation signal\u00e9s. Les donn\u00e9es_\n_pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ici couvrent les batailles, la violence contre_\n_les civils et les explosions/la violence \u00e0 distance qui font_\n_r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 \"l'\u00e9cole\", \"l'enseignant\", \"l'\u00e9l\u00e8ve\", \"l'\u00e9tudiant\", etc._\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Attaques sur l'\u00c9ducation en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre - Mise \u00e0 Jour 2023\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n#### **Tendance du nombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es pour cause d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, 2019-2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _Clusters \u00c9ducation Nationaux_\n\n\n\"Un soir, des hommes arm\u00e9s sont entr\u00e9s dans le village. Au d\u00e9but, les gens ont cru qu'il s'agissait de l'arm\u00e9e. Mais quelques\nminutes plus tard, les gens ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fuir. Nous avons fui avec ma m\u00e8re et mes petits fr\u00e8res. Nous n'avons pas eu le\ntemps de faire nos bagages. Pendant ce temps, papa est all\u00e9 acheter des piles pour sa radio. Il n'est pas rentr\u00e9 \u00e0 la maison.\nNous pensons qu'il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 et tu\u00e9. Son corps n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9. Beaucoup de choses ont chang\u00e9 dans ma vie. Je\nne sais pas dans quel \u00e9tat se trouve mon \u00e9cole. Elle doit \u00eatre abandonn\u00e9e depuis le temps. Elle \u00e9tait construite en torchis.\nJ'imagine qu'elle est d\u00e9truite aujourd'hui. J'avais des amis \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole avec lesquels nous jouions au \"feu\", notre jeu pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.\nJe chantais dans la chorale des enfants de notre \u00e9cole. Notre professeur \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s bon, il nous apprenait des chansons.\nTout cela me manque beaucoup. Je n'ai pas de nouvelles de mes amis. Je ne sais pas s'ils sont encore en vie. Et s'ils le\nsont, je ne pense pas qu'ils sachent encore lire ou \u00e9crire. Parce que l'\u00e9cole n'a pas rouvert \u00e0 Otomabere. Cela fait deux ans\nmaintenant.\u201d\n\n**Esther, 13 ans, d\u00e9plac\u00e9e d'Otomabere, province de l'Ituri, au camp de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Luvangira, Oicha, Nord-Kivu (RDC).**\n## **Recommandations**\n\n\n\nConform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 2601 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\nNations unies sur la protection des \u00e9coles dans les conflits\narm\u00e9s [1], nous appelons les gouvernements, toutes les parties\nau conflit et la communaut\u00e9 internationale \u00e0:\n\n\n**1- Adopter des approches holistiques, int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et**\n**multisectorielles pour la mise en \u0153uvre des protocoles et des**\n**cadres pour des \u00e9coles s\u00fbres:**\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient veiller \u00e0 ce que des organes\nde d\u00e9cision et des m\u00e9canismes de coordination inclusifs et\ntransparents soient mis en place et fonctionnent pour rendre\nop\u00e9rationnelle et mettre en \u0153uvre la D\u00e9claration pour des\n\u00e9coles s\u00fbres (SSD) [2] .\n\n\n**1** Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies (2021). [Resolution 2601 sur la protection des](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946429?ln=fr)\n\n[\u00e9coles des confits arm\u00e9s.](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946429?ln=fr)\n**2** GCPEA (2015). [D\u00e9claration sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles (SSD).](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient veiller \u00e0 renforcer la coop\u00e9ration et la coordination\nentre les acteurs de la protection et de l'\u00e9ducation pour\nle d\u00e9veloppement de strat\u00e9gies op\u00e9rationnelles pour la\npr\u00e9vention et l'att\u00e9nuation de l'impact des attaques sur\nl'\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient adopter une vision\nholistique pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9coles face aux\nconflits, aux catastrophes et au changement climatique,\nen cherchant \u00e0 optimiser la convergence et les synergies\ninstitutionnelles, techniques et de mise en \u0153uvre de la SSD\navec d'autres cadres pertinents, tels que le Cadre global de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles (CSSF) [3], L'initiative Apprendre en toute\n\n\n**3** GADRRRES (2022). [Cadre global de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire 2022-2030.](https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Comprehensive-School-Safety-Framework-2022-2030-for-Child-Rights-and-Resilience-in-the-Education-Sector.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\u00e9curit\u00e9 [4], et les Normes minimales du R\u00e9seau inter-agence\npour l'\u00e9ducation dans les situations d'urgence (INEE) [5], le cas\n\u00e9ch\u00e9ant.\n\n\n\nAttaques sur l'\u00c9ducation en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre - Mise \u00e0 Jour 2023\n\n\nCoalition mondiale pour la protection de l'\u00e9ducation contre les\nattaques [8] afin d'identifier les lacunes en mati\u00e8re de suivi et de\ncommunication des informations.\n\n\n\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires doivent multiplier les\nactions en faveur de la prise de conscience, de l'information,\nde la connaissance, de l'apprentissage et de la compr\u00e9hension\ndes cadres pour des \u00e9coles s\u00fbres et de leurs strat\u00e9gies de mise\nen \u0153uvre par les principaux acteurs de l'\u00e9ducation aux niveaux\nnational, r\u00e9gional et local.\n\n\n**2- N\u00e9gocier imm\u00e9diatement la non-occupation des \u00e9coles par**\n**les parties au conflit et la r\u00e9ouverture des \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es**\n\n- Les gouvernements devraient prendre des mesures\nconcr\u00e8tes - par exemple, par le biais de la l\u00e9gislation, d'ordres\npermanents et de la formation - pour mettre fin \u00e0 l'utilisation\nmilitaire des \u00e9coles et, au minimum, mettre en \u0153uvre les lignes\ndirectrices pour la protection des \u00e9coles et des universit\u00e9s\ncontre l'utilisation militaire pendant les conflits arm\u00e9s [6] .\n\n- La communaut\u00e9 internationale devrait veiller \u00e0 ce que\nles m\u00e9canismes de coordination militaire civile documentent\nl'utilisation militaire des \u00e9coles et identifient rapidement des\nmesures concr\u00e8tes pour y mettre fin.\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient utiliser la SSD pour inciter les dirigeants des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00e0 respecter le droit humanitaire\ninternational en \u00e9mettant des ordres de commandement,\nen adoptant des politiques internes, en cr\u00e9ant un code de\nconduite ou en signant et en mettant en \u0153uvre la D\u00e9claration\nd'engagement de l'Appel de Gen\u00e8ve pour la protection des\nenfants contre les effets des conflits arm\u00e9s [7] . Ces initiatives\ndevraient comprendre, au minimum, des engagements pour\nmettre fin au recrutement et \u00e0 l'utilisation d'enfants de moins\nde 18 ans, et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les violences sexuelles et sexistes\ncommises par les combattants (notamment en mettant fin \u00e0\ntous les mariages forc\u00e9s et mariages pr\u00e9coces.)\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires doivent\nimm\u00e9diatement n\u00e9gocier la r\u00e9ouverture des \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es\npar le biais d'approches de m\u00e9diation et de n\u00e9gociation bas\u00e9es\ndans la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\n**3- \u00c9laborer et mettre en \u0153uvre des plans d'intervention**\n**fond\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es quantitatives et qualitatives, en**\n**accordant la priorit\u00e9 aux personnes les plus expos\u00e9es**\n\n- Les gouvernements, les organisations internationales\nhumanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\ndevraient mettre en \u0153uvre la bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pour la collecte et\nl'analyse de donn\u00e9es sur les attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation de la\n\n\n**4** [Global Partnership and Fund to End Violence Against Children (2016). Safe to Learn](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n\n[initiative.](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n**5** INEE (2010). [Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response,](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n\n[Recovery.](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n**6** GCPEA (2014). [Lignes directrices pour prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9coles et les universit\u00e9s contre](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n[toute utilisation militaire pendant un confit arm\u00e9](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n**7** [Geneva Call (2013). Les actes d\u2019engagement pour la protection des enfants des](https://www.genevacall.org/fr/actes-engagements/)\n\n[effets du confit arm\u00e9.](https://www.genevacall.org/fr/actes-engagements/)\n\n\n\n\n- Sur la base des lacunes identifi\u00e9es, les gouvernements\ndevraient mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes pour renforcer le suivi\net le signalement des attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation (y compris\nles incidents de violence sexuelle et les menaces sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0\nl'encontre des \u00e9tudiantes et des enseignantes) avec:\n\n - Des donn\u00e9es ventil\u00e9es par type d'attaque contre\nl'\u00e9ducation, sexe, \u00e2ge, lieu, personne ou groupe responsable ;\nnombre de jours de fermeture de l'\u00e9cole (\u00e0 la suite d'une attaque\ndirecte ou de menaces contre les enseignants et les \u00e9l\u00e8ves) ;\n\n - Type d'\u00e9cole pour am\u00e9liorer les efforts de\npr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse aux attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation.\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale devraient\nmettre en place des syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce et des plans\nd'intervention d'urgence (en consultation avec les communaut\u00e9s\nscolaires), renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des autorit\u00e9s nationales et locales,\net mettre en place des programmes d'\u00e9ducation et de formation\npour les enseignants et former les enfants et le personnel \u00e9ducatif\n\u00e0 l'autoprotection, notamment par le biais de l'approche commune\npour des \u00e9coles s\u00fbres [9] .\n\n- Les gouvernements et la communaut\u00e9 internationale\ndevraient accorder une priorit\u00e9 accrue aux enfants vivant\ndans des zones difficiles d'acc\u00e8s, ainsi qu'aux autres enfants\nmarginalis\u00e9s, y compris les enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du pays\net les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n- Les pays c\u00f4tiers (B\u00e9nin, Ghana, Guin\u00e9e, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et\nTogo) devraient renforcer d'urgence tous les plans de pr\u00e9vention\net de r\u00e9ponse pour prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9coles et la continuit\u00e9 de\nl'enseignement en cas de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration rapide de la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire.\n\n\n**4- Renforcer les solutions d'apprentissage alternatives,**\n**innovantes, acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es et flexibles pour la continuit\u00e9 de**\n**l'\u00e9ducation.**\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires doivent mettre en\nplace ou d\u00e9velopper des initiatives qui favorisent la poursuite\nde l'apprentissage pour les enfants qui ont d\u00fb abandonner\nl'\u00e9cole ou pour ceux qui ont subi de longues interruptions de leur\napprentissage, d'une part, et pour les autres enfants, d'autre part.\nPour ce faire, les minist\u00e8res doivent faire preuve de souplesse\ndans leurs approches et les partenaires doivent \u00eatre innovants et\nexp\u00e9rimenter diverses options d'\u00e9ducation alternative, y compris\nl'apprentissage \u00e0 distance.\n\n- Les acteurs de l'\u00e9ducation doivent travailler avec les\nstructures d'\u00e9ducation coranique, sachant qu'elles sont\nsouvent les seules \u00e0 rester ouvertes dans le contexte actuel\no\u00f9 l'\u00e9ducation est attaqu\u00e9e, promouvoir l'inclusion de\nl'alphab\u00e9tisation et du calcul de base, et soutenir les parcours de\nformation continue pour leurs apprenants.\n\n\n**8** GCPEA (2021). [Boite \u00e0 outils pour collecter et analyser les donn\u00e9es sur les attaques](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n\n[sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n**9** [Transforming Education Summit (2022). Safe Schools Common Approach.](https://transformingeducationsummit.sdg4education2030.org/SafeSchoolsCommonApproach)\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Attaques sur l'\u00c9ducation en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre - Mise \u00e0 Jour 2023\n\n\n**5- D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le soutien psychosocial aux**\n**enfants, \u00e0 leurs enseignants et aux personnes qui s'occupent**\n**d'eux**\n\n- Les gouvernements et les partenaires devraient apporter\nun soutien accru \u00e0 l'apprentissage psychosocial et socio\u00e9motionnel, en groupe et individuellement, aux enfants stress\u00e9s\net traumatis\u00e9s et \u00e0 leurs enseignants, en reconnaissant que\nles premiers ne peuvent pas apprendre et que les seconds ne\npeuvent pas enseigner.\n\n- Cela devrait impliquer le d\u00e9veloppement pr\u00e9alable de\npossibilit\u00e9s d'apprentissage connexes par :\ni) la cr\u00e9ation de cours de formation pour les principales parties\nprenantes dans les domaines de la protection, du soutien\npsychosocial et de l'apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel (PSS SEL),\nqui pourraient s'appuyer sur la bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils du R\u00e9seau interagences pour l'\u00e9ducation dans les situations d'urgence (INEE) ;\nii) des campagnes de sensibilisation publiques et cibl\u00e9es sur\nl'importance de cette question ; ainsi que iii) l'allocation ou la\nmobilisation de fonds \u00e0 cette fin.\n\n\n\n**6- Augmenter les financements pr\u00e9visibles, flexibles et \u00e0**\n**long terme pour l'\u00e9ducation dans les situations d'urgence**\n\n\n- Les minist\u00e8res de l'\u00e9ducation devraient plaider aupr\u00e8s des\nminist\u00e8res des finances et du budget pour une augmentation\ndes allocations budg\u00e9taires permettant des d\u00e9caissements\nflexibles.\n\n- Les bailleurs de fonds devraient promouvoir les synergies\net les compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de financement afin\nd'en assurer une utilisation optimale, et financer des\nmesures sp\u00e9cifiques pour pr\u00e9venir, att\u00e9nuer et r\u00e9pondre aux\nattaques contre l'\u00e9ducation dans le cadre du lien entre le\nd\u00e9veloppement et l'aide humanitaire.\n\n\n\n**Ensemble pour une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 globale de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, pour l\u2019apprentissage, la protection et le bien-\u00eatre de nos enfants.**\n\n**Together for the overall safety of education, for the learning, protection and wellbeing of our children.**\n\n\n_Attaques sur l\u2019\u00c9ducation en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et du Centre, Mise \u00e0 jour 2023_\n\n_Pour plus d'informations, contact: brooke@unicef.org,_\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n_leandrosalazar@nrc.no (co-leads) or ssakande@unicef.org (IKM)._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58f5ee5c-7368-4a8e-8700-84c2d635dbe5/Education_Update_Note_InDesign_August_23_FR%20V2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_368/raw/doc_368_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_368/raw/doc_368_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e7ba5cab6c3e007e23c07a188cd3cc059fb4d77..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_368/raw/doc_368_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update\n\n\n**Summary Analysis**\n\n\nThe number of schools closed in West and Central Africa due to attacks by Non-State Armed\nGroups (NSAG), occupation by armed forces, a general climate of insecurity, direct threats to\nthe lives of pupils and school staff, and the outright fear faced by children, families, teachers\nand communities has increased over the past year to reach over 13,250, impacting an estimated\n2.5 million children\u2019s learning, well-being and protection. While this represents a modest 7 per\ncent annual rise, this average conceals some highly contrasted evolutions.\nBurkina Faso is most notable. The number of schools closed due to insecurity has increased by\nclose to 33 per cent, to reach 6,150; today 1 in every 4 schools is closed in the country. DRC has\nalso seen a stark increase, by the same proportion yet on a smaller scale, to reach 410, following the deterioration of the conflict in the Eastern regions of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri. In\nChad, the number of schools closed has increased over tenfold, to reach 134. Fortunately, these\ntrends are contrasted by those of Nigeria and the Central African Republic, where over 70 per\ncent and 90 per cent of those schools closed in September 2022 have since re-opened to pupils.\n\n#### **School Closures, Forced Displacement and the Severity of the** **Impact of Conflict on Education in West & Central Africa, 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\"In the town of Pama alone, we have over a thousand pupils but there are only six permanent teachers and six volunteers.\nThere is a shortage of materials, reading materials, tables and benches, and many other things. Given the large number\nof pupils, our latrines are in poor condition. There are no more doors - it embarrasses young girls when they have their\nperiods. For the moment, the most pressing need is the school canteen. We have over a thousand pupils. So, we're not\nsure that the children can have one meal a day. Often, we must stop lessons because there have been shootings here and\nthere. When we hear gunfire, we ask the children to get down on the ground so as not to be hit by bullets or other objects.\nWe also ask the children to stay put, not to start running at random. This is very confusing, because if you tell the children\nto take cover first, for at least perhaps an hour or two while we were carrying out an activity, it means that the activity is\nblocked, paralysed, and may even take all day. You can\u2019t pull yourself together easily.\"\n\n\n**Kampaari, primary school teacher in Pama, an area under blockade, where only two of the town's eight primary**\n**schools have remained open (Burkina Faso).**\n\n\n#### **Attacks on Education by Country,** **2020-2022**\n\n\n#### **Incidents against Education,**\n\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n|Col1|12|\n|---|---|\n||4
8|\n||0

COD BEN GIN GHA TGO|\n|||\n\n\n\nMLI BFA NER CMR NGA TCD All 5 DRC CAR SEN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCentral\n\nSahel\n\n\n_Source: GCPEA, 2020-2022_\n\n\n\nOther Lake\nChad Basin\n\n\n\nGulf of\nGuinea\n\n\n\nCentral\n\nAfrica\n\n\n\n_Note: GCPEA defines attacks on education as any intentional threat or use of force\u2014carried out for political,_\n_military, ideological, sectarian, ethnic, or religious reasons. Data here include attacks on schools, students, staff_\n_and higher education, as well as child recruitment, sexual violence, the military use of schools and targeted_\n_attacks on girls and women._\n\n\n\n_Source: Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)_\n\n_Note: ACLED tracks all types of reported political violence_\n_and protest events. The data presented here cover battles,_\n_violence against civilians and explosions/remote violence_\n_that refer to \u201cschool\u201d, \u201cteacher\u201d, \u201cpupil\u201d, \u201cstudent\u201d, etc._\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GCPEA", - "confidence": 0.9899354577064514, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lake\nChad Basin", - "confidence": 0.6723948121070862, - "start": 365, - "end": 368 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data", - "confidence": 0.9950538873672485, - "start": 446, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ACLED", - "confidence": 0.9920328259468079, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n#### **Trend in Number of Schools Closed due to Insecurity, 2019-2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source:_ _National Education Clusters_\n\n\n\"Some armed men entered the village one evening. At first, people thought it was the army. But a few minutes later, people\nstarted to flee. We fled with my mum and my little brothers. We didn't have time to pack our things. In the meantime, dad\nwent to the shop to buy batteries for his radio. He didn't come home. We think he's been kidnapped and killed. His body\nhas not been found. A lot of things have changed in my life. I don't know what state my school is in. It must have been\nabandoned by now. It was built of cob. I imagine it's destroyed now. I had friends at school with whom we used to play\n\"fire\", which was our favourite game. I was a singer in the children's choir at our school. Our teacher was very good, he\ntaught us songs. I miss all that so much. I haven't heard from my friends. I don't know if they're still alive. And if they are, I\ndon't think they can read or write any more. Because the school has not reopened in Otomabere. It's been two years now.\"\n\n\n**Esther, 13 years old, displaced from Otomabere, Ituri province to Luvangira IDP camp, Oicha, North-Kivu (DRC).**\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\n\n\nIn line with the United Nations Security Council\u2019s Resolution\n2601 on the protection of schools in armed conflict [1], we call\non governments, all parties to conflict and the international\ncommunity to:\n\n\n**1- Adopt holistic, integrated and multisectoral approaches**\n**to the implementation of the Safe Schools protocols and**\n**frameworks**\n\n- Governments should ensure that decision making bodies,\nand inclusive and transparent coordination mechanisms are\nput in place and functioning to operationalize and implement\nthe Safe School Declaration (SSD) [2] .\n\n- Governments and the international community should\nensure stronger cooperation and coordination between\n\n\n**1** [United Nations Security Council (2021). Resolution 2601 on the protection of schools](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2601.pdf)\n\n[in armed confict.](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2601.pdf)\n**2** GCPEA (2015). [Safe Schools Declaration.](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)\n\n**4**\n\n\n\nprotection and education stakeholders for the development of\noperational strategies for the prevention and mitigation of the\nimpact of attacks on education.\n\n- Governments should take a holistic view to build school\nresilience in the face of conflict, disasters, and climate\nchange, by seeking to optimize the institutional, technical and\nimplementation convergence and synergies of the SSD with\nother relevant frameworks, such as the Comprehensive School\nSafety Framework (CSSF) [3], the Safe to Learn initiative [4], and\nthe Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE)\nMinimum Standards [5], as appropriate.\n\n- Governments and partners should multiply actions in\n\n\n**3** GADRRRES (2022). [Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030.](https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Comprehensive-School-Safety-Framework-2022-2030-for-Child-Rights-and-Resilience-in-the-Education-Sector.pdf)\n**4** [Global Partnership and Fund to End Violence Against Children (2016). Safe to Learn](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n\n[initiative.](https://www.end-violence.org/safe-to-learn#:~:text=THE%202021%2D2024%20SAFE%20TO%20LEARN%20STRATEGY&text=Safe%20to%20Learn%20is%20a%20coalition%20of%2014%20powerful%20partners,access%20to%20safe%20learning%20environments.)\n**5** INEE (2010). [Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response,](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n\n[Recovery.](https://inee.org/minimum-standards)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update\n\n\n\nfavor of the awareness, information, knowledge, learning\nand understanding of safe school frameworks and their\nimplementation strategies by key education stakeholders at the\nnational, regional and local levels.\n\n\n**2- Immediately negotiate the non-occupation of schools by**\n**parties to conflict and re-opening of closed schools**\n\n- Governments should take concrete measures - for\nexample, through legislation, standing orders, and training - to\nend the military use of schools, and at a minimum, implement\nthe Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from\nMilitary Use During Armed Conflict [6] .\n\n- The international community should ensure that civil\nmilitary coordination mechanisms document the military use of\nschools and rapidly identify concrete measures to end it.\n\n- Governments and the international community should use\nthe SSD to push Non-State Armed Group leaders to respect\nInternational Humanitarian Law by issuing command orders,\nadopting internal policies, creating a code of conduct, or signing\nand implement Geneva Call\u2019s Deed of Commitment for the\nProtection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict [7] .\nThese initiatives should include, at a minimum, commitments to\nstop recruitment and use of children under 18 years of age, and\nto prevent sexual and gender-based violence by combatants\n(including by halting all forced and child marriages).\n\n- Governments and partners should immediately negotiate\nthe reopening of closed schools through community-based\nmediation and negotiation approaches.\n\n\n**3- Develop and implement response plans based on**\n**quantitative & qualitative data, prioritizing the most at risk**\n\n- Governments, international humanitarian and development\norganizations, and civil society should implement the Global\nCoalition to Protect Education from Attack's Toolkit for\nCollecting and Analyzing Data on Attacks on Education [8] to\nidentify monitoring and reporting gaps.\n\n- Based on the gaps identified, governments should establish\nmechanisms to reinforce monitoring and reporting of attacks\non education (including incidents of sexual violence and\nspecific threats to female students and teachers) with:\n\n - Disaggregated data by type of attack on\neducation, sex, age, location, person or group responsible;\nnumber of days the school was closed (as a result of a direct\nattack or of threats made against teachers and students);\n\n - Type of school to improve efforts to prevent and\nrespond to attacks on education.\n\n- Governments and the international community should\n\nestablish early warning systems and emergency response plans\n(in consultation with school communities), build the capacity of\n\n\n**6** GCPEA (2014). [Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n[during Armed Confict.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n**7** [Geneva Call (2013). Deed of Commitment for the Protection of Children from the](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n\n[Effects of Armed Confict.](https://genevacall.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/12/DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf)\n**8** GCPEA (2021). [Toolkit for Collecting and Analyzing Data on Attacks on Education.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/toolkit-for-collecting-and-analyzing-data-on-attacks-on-education/)\n\n\n\neducation personnel and train children and teachers in self-protection,\nincluding through the Safe Schools Common Approach [9] .\n\n- Governments and the international community should\nincreasingly prioritize children living in hard-to-reach areas, as\nwell as other marginalized children, including internally displaced\nchildren and refugees.\n\n- Coastal countries (Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast and\nTogo) should urgently strengthen all prevention and response\nplans to protect schools and educational continuity in the event\nof a rapid deterioration of the security situation.\n\n\n**4- Reinforce alternative, innovative, accelerated, and flexible**\n**learning solutions for educational continuity**\n\n- Governments and partners should introduce or expand\ninitiatives that promote continued learning for children who\nhave had to drop out of school or those that have had long\ninterruptions in their learning on the other. This requires\nministries to be flexible in their approaches and requires\npartners to be innovative and experiment with various alternative\neducation options including distance learning.\n\n- Education stakeholders need to work with Koranic education\nstructures, understanding that they are often the only ones\nthat remain open in the current context where education is\nunder attack, promote the inclusion of foundational literacy and\nnumeracy therein, and support pathways to continued education\nfor their learners.\n\n\n**5- Expand and improve psychosocial support to children, their**\n**teachers, and caregivers**\n\n- Governments and partners should provide increased group\nand individual psychosocial and socioemotional learning\nsupport to stressed and traumatized children and their teachers,\nrecognizing that the former cannot learn, and the latter cannot\nteach.\n\n- This should involve the prior development of related learning\nopportunities through; i) creating training courses for key\nstakeholders in the areas of protection and psychosocial support\nand socioemotional learning (PSS SEL), that could build on\nthe Interagency Network for Education in Emergencies\u2019 (INEE)\ntoolbox; ii) public and targeted awareness campaigns about\nthe importance of this issue; as well as iii) the allocation or\nmobilization of funding for this purpose.\n\n**6- Increase predictable flexible and long-term financing for**\n**education in emergencies**\n\n\n- Ministries of education should advocate to ministries of\nfinance and budget for increased budget allocations that allow\nfor flexible disbursements.\n\n- Donors should promote synergies and complementarities\nof funding to ensure the best usage thereof, and fund specific\nmeasures to prevent, mitigate, and respond to attacks on\neducation across the development-humanitarian nexus.\n\n\n**9** [Transforming Education Summit (2022). Safe Schools Common Approach.](https://transformingeducationsummit.sdg4education2030.org/SafeSchoolsCommonApproach)\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update\n\n\n**Ensemble pour une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 globale de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, pour l\u2019apprentissage, la protection et le bien-\u00eatre de nos enfants.**\n\n**Together for the overall safety of education, for the learning, protection and wellbeing of our children.**\n\n\n_Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update_\n\n_For further information, contact: brooke@unicef.org,_\n\n_leandrosalazar@nrc.no (co-leads) or ssakande@unicef.org (IKM)._\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8f96f4a-5a87-41d2-831d-3a6dec9ae101/Education_underattack_UpdateSept23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_369/raw/doc_369_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_369/raw/doc_369_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 15c9f487c3483710dd4a318a550a172b6eef3a05..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_369/raw/doc_369_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **A promising practice** **on age, gender and diversity** **in Italy**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This document is for general distribution. All rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.\n\n\n\u00a9 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, March 2022\n\n\n**Cover photo:** A participant looks at photographs at the PartecipAzione networking event in Naples,\norganised by INTERSOS and UNHCR in Naples, Campania, December 2019.\n\n\n**Photo credit:** \u00a9 UNHCR /Cristiano Minichiello\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Title:** PartecipAzione: empowering organizations led by refugees and asylum-seekers and communitybased organizations (CBOs) to foster protection and meaningful participation in the host country\n\n\n**Programme objective:** To empower refugee-led organizations (RLOs) [1] and ensure their meaningful\ncontribution within national civil society, while fostering the protection of persons of concern and\ntheir participation in the host country\u2019s economic, social and cultural life. The programme aims\nto enhance the organizational development and growth of RLOs and CBOs that support persons\nof concern. Specifically, the programme develops the capacities of RLOs and CBOs so that they\ncan better pursue their goals and increase their media activity, access to new sources of funding\nand involvement with institutions. This includes strengthening their skills, especially in designing\nand managing projects, researching calls and funding opportunities, developing strategies for\ncommunication with, and visibility in, the media, and protecting refugees.\n\n\n**Dates:** February 2018 \u2013 present (four rounds of annual selection and support to organizations)\n\n\n**Population groups:** Refugees and asylum-seekers\n\n\n**Partners:** Lead partner international non-governmental organization (NGO) INTERSOS; civil society\norganizations (CSOs); public authorities, especially municipalities; and private-sector businesses\n\n# **OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMME**\n\n\n\nPartecipAzione was created following an exchange\nbetween UNHCR Italy and a group of refugees in\n2018. During this exchange, refugees identified\nthe mechanisms that enable them to effectively\nexercise their right to participate and contribute\nto society in the host country. Among these, they\nidentified participation in civil society structures and\norganizations as a key mechanism to enable them to\ncontribute to Italy\u2019s governance and policymaking on\nprotection. They proposed that UNHCR strengthen\nits support to ensure refugee presence in the civil\nsociety architecture of the host country.\n\n\nFollowing this dialogue and in close cooperation\nwith the group of refugees, UNHCR Italy and lead\npartner INTERSOS, an international humanitarian\nNGO based in Italy, jointly designed PartecipAzione\nin the second half of 2018. PartecipAzione uses\ncapacity-building and networking to empower RLOs\nand local CBOs. In the context of PartecipAzione,\nempowerment of RLOs is defined and measured\naround three key indicators related to: 1) their\ncapacity to access decision-making processes; 2)\ntheir presence in, and access to, the media; and 3)\ntheir access to funding.\n\n\nThe mission and programmes implemented\nby the organizations selected to be part of\nPartecipAzione must aim to foster the protection\n\n\n\nof persons of concern, their integration, and their\nparticipation in the host country\u2019s economic,\nsocial and cultural life.\n\n\nSince 2018, a total of 40 organizations have\nbeen selected to be part of the PartecipAzione\nprogramme and have received dedicated\nsupport through the four interlinked pillars of the\nprogramme:\n\n\n\u0125 micro-grants funding for direct implementation\nof protection-related projects;\n\n\n\u0125 high-level intensive training, delivered both\nin person and through the dedicated online\nplatform PartecipAzione Innovation Lab [2]\n\n - which was created in 2020 in response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 focusing on project\nmanagement, fundraising, communication and\nrefugee protection;\n\n\n\u0125 individualized coaching and mentoring,\nincluding technical support and support in\napplying to funding opportunities; and\n\n\n\u0125 networking \u2013 the associations are involved in\nnational and local events, in person and virtually,\nto facilitate coordination and collaboration\nwith local stakeholders, donors, government\nentities and other civil society actors.\n\n\n\n1 In this document, \u201crefugee-led\u201d refers to both refugees and asylum-seekers.\n2 Available from [www.partecipazionelab.org.](http://www.partecipazionelab.org)\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **CONTEXT**\n\nBy December 2021, Italy had received over half of\nall refugees and migrants arriving in Europe by sea\nand an increasing number arriving by land. [3] Italy\nhas kept its borders open despite the COVID-19\npandemic. However, public opinion is polarized.\n\n\nIn recent years, there has been a surge in\nxenophobia and racism, which call for greater\nattention to the narrative and to fostering\npeaceful co-existence with local communities.\nThe media often negatively stereotype refugees\nas either persons in need of help and support\nwith limited capacity to contribute to the host\nsociety, or persons condemned to remain in the\nmargins of the host society. The media rarely\nshare stories of integration and resilience. They\nalso rarely analyse in depth the complexity of\nthe numerous integration challenges faced by\npersons of concern in Italy, including informality,\nrisk of exploitation and violence. Despite positive\ngovernment efforts, integration remains one of\nthe main protection challenges, as confirmed by\nthe latest Participatory Assessments conducted\nby UNHCR Italy in 2021. Meanwhile, the COVID-19\npandemic has worsened access to housing,\nlivelihoods, services and documentation for\npersons of concern.\n\n\nProduction of the audio touristic guide \"Invisible guides\"\nby the association Laboratorio 53 in Rome, Lazio,\nOctober 2018. \u00a9 @UNHCR/V. MUSCELLA\n\n\n3 For more up-to-date information, see [https://bit.ly/3h07ml1.](https://bit.ly/3h07ml1)\n\n\n\n**Number of organizations supported by the**\n**project since 2018, per region in Italy**\n\n\nWhile there has been some improvement over\nthe last few years, there is still a limited culture\nof participation and engagement of persons of\nconcern by protection stakeholders and decisionmaking actors. Refugees are rarely included in\ngovernance structures, including those led by\ngovernment institutions or by robust civil society\nnetworks. Protection systems and services run by\nthe state or civil society are not always adequate\nor sustainable. The problem is even more dire in\nthe informal sector, where the needs of persons\nvulnerable to violence, such as women and girls,\nremain unaddressed.\n\n\nYet, at the local level, CBOs and local organizations\n\n- especially RLOs \u2013 provide essential support and\nservices, and have unique knowledge and experience.\nSince the beginning of PartecipAzione, UNHCR and\nINTERSOS have mapped over 550 CBOs working on\nprotection and integration, including over 120 RLOs,\nwith enormous untapped capacity. They have often\nproposed collaborative community-based protection\n(CBP) strategies and services that promise to be\nmore effective, better targeted and give persons of\nconcern a sense of ownership.\n\n\n\n2 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **RESOURCES AND PARTNERSHIPS**\n\n\n\nThe programme **has flexibility to scale up and**\n**down depending on the annual budget** by\nadjusting the number of RLOs and CBO projects\nthat it supports. The 2021 budget was US$ 310,000.\n\n\nUNHCR chose INTERSOS as its lead partner\nfor the long-standing partnership working on\nCBP and integration with the NGO in Italy and\nother operations. In Italy, INTERSOS has played\na leading role in humanitarian response as well\nas integration, inclusion and social cohesion,\nthrough a multisectoral approach and its\n\n\n\npresence in different territories, with strong\nnetworks and in-depth understanding of urgent\nand long-term issues.\n\n\n**Staffing involves personnel at UNHCR Italy and**\n**INTERSOS.** At UNHCR, one staff member dedicates\n50\u201360 per cent of their time to the programme. A\n**multifunctional team** manages the partnership,\nwith a protection focal point collaborating with\ncolleagues from communication and programming.\nOther UNHCR colleagues are engaged to deliver\ntraining modules, and other activities as needed.\n\n\n\nVisibility materials provided during the informative sessions realised by the association Next Generation Italia within the\nproject \"Information point for refugee students\" in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, November 2019. \u00a9 INTERSOS/D. Zitarosa\n\n\n\nAt INTERSOS, **a full-time Project Manager** ensures\ncoordination internally and with UNHCR.\n\n\n**Two full-time Territorial Liaison Officers regularly**\n**assist** participating organizations, monitor their\nprogress and facilitate networking among them. One\nofficer focuses on the organizations selected in the\ncurrent year, while the other focuses on organizations\nfrom previous years, which jointly run projects.\n\n\nFurthermore, **a full-time Mentoring Liaison**\n**Officer** focuses on capacity-building. This person\nhas designed the training scheme together with\nUNHCR and oversees implementation. Guest\nexperts facilitate some specialist training sessions\n(such as on social media and public speaking).\n\n\nFinally, a **Communication Officer** manages the\ncommunication component of the programme.\n**Support staff** consist of a Logistics Officer, an\nAdministrative Officer and a Migration Unit\nCoordinator.\n\n\n\nINTERSOS manages a **database** of all mapped\nRLOs and CBOs. UNHCR staff who are working on\nthe programme can feed and access this database,\nsuch as to engage relevant organizations in a\nterritory about events or training.\n\n\nThe programme relies on **cooperation among**\n**a wide range of stakeholders.** It involves actors\nfrom civil society (especially CBOs, NGOs, religious\nentities, cooperatives and the media), public\ninstitutions (especially municipalities, prefectures,\nministries and universities), private companies\nand foundations. They play various roles in the\nprogramme, such as participating in the selection\ncommittee, delivering capacity-building modules,\ncollaborating with CBOs and RLOs locally, and\ndisseminating information.\n\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **PROCESS AND ACTIVITIES**\n\n#### **STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME**\n\n**UNHCR and lead partner INTERSOS designed the programme** through collaborative consultations over\ntime to adapt to changing circumstances, lessons learned and feedback. Their approach is rooted in CBP,\nhuman rights and the UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity Policy. [4] It **centres on refugees and asylum-**\n**seekers and their resources, skills, voices, leadership and initiatives.**\n\n\n\n**Mapping to build relationships and gain**\n**information**\n\n\n**Continuous mapping of associations that are**\n**led by refugees or asylum-seekers, or where**\n**these persons have a significant role,** has been\ncentral from the start. UNHCR and INTERSOS have\ndone this through field activities, presentations at\nevents, visits and meetings in territories across the\ncountry that have a substantial presence of RLOs\nand CBOs. Mapping serves four purposes:\n\n\n\u0125 to reflect the enormous development of\nrefugees\u2019 associations;\n\n\n\u0125 to inform refugee communities and associations\nabout the programme;\n\n\n\u0125 to create opportunities for meeting with local\nentities and institutional stakeholders;\n\n\n\u0125 to consolidate relations with local stakeholders.\n\n\nMapping has thus helped build relationships with\nhundreds of institutional and non-institutional\nstakeholders. This exercise has identified smaller\nrefugee associations with great potential and\nenabled some informal refugee networks to form\nan association and participate in the programme.\n\n\nBy the end of 2020, mapping had identified over\n550 associations working closely with refugees\nand asylum-seekers. Of those, 367 had strong\nparticipation from refugees, including 128 where\nrefugees had management responsibility. In 2020\nalone, UNHCR and INTERSOS mapped 136 new\nassociations after giving 12 regional presentations\nthat involved about 200 people in 11 regions.\n\n\n\n**Annual call and selection**\n\n\nOnce a year, UNHCR and INTERSOS announce a\n**call for proposals.**\n\n\nA **committee then selects** the organizations eligible\nto receive support. Between 2018 and 2020, the\ncommittee was made up of six members: two from\nUNHCR (one from the protection unit and one from\nthe programming unit), two from INTERSOS, and\ntwo external members from foundations and key\ndonors. Since 2021, the panel has also included\ntwo RLO leaders.\n\n\nA manual and matrix set out the **criteria for**\n**selection.** There are two main criteria: the\nproject must meet at least one of the programme\nobjectives, and the organization must be led by\nrefugees or asylum-seekers or have a strong\nparticipatory approach. The project must also\nuphold gender equality and non-discrimination;\nhave ongoing activities in the geographic area\nwhere the CBO is planning to intervene; be\nsustainable; have in place a solid structure\nand accountability, including sound financial\nmanagement; have good communication; and\ncontribute to the COVID-19 response.\n\n\n\n4 See [www.unhcr.org/protection/women/4e7757449/unhcr-age-gender-and-diversity-policy.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/4e7757449/unhcr-age-gender-and-diversity-policy.html)\n\n\n4 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mapping", - "confidence": 0.8759714961051941, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7689336538314819, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7733171582221985, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6366756558418274, - "start": 288, - "end": 291 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT THE SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS**\n\n**Capacity-building combines four mutually reinforcing activities** aiming towards autonomy.\n\n# **ACTIVITIES**\n\n### **1 INTENSIVE TRAINING**\n\n\n\nLead partner INTERSOS **provides intensive**\n**training at the beginning of each yearly project**\n**cycle,** open to all the organizations that have\never taken part in the programme. The training\nprogramme, which takes around 40 hours, revolves\naround supporting members and their skills to\n\n\n\ngrow in order to strengthen their management\nand sustainability. These 40 hours are spread over\nfive months \u2013 the duration of new organizations\u2019\nprojects (e.g. May to September in 2021).\n\n\nAt the beginning of each year, INTERSOS **consults**\n**organizations on their training needs.**\n\n\n\nBicycle workshop realised by the association ARCI Djiguiya within the project \"Benkadi II\" in Crotone, Calabria,\nNovember 2019. \u00a9 E. Megna\n\n\n\nThe most recent training covered four main areas,\nwith some customization:\n\n\n\u0125 **project cycle management,** including writing\nand managing a project proposal;\n\n\n\u0125 **fundraising,** including searching for funding\nand calls for proposals;\n\n\n\u0125 **communication** and public speaking, including\nstrategies and techniques;\n\n\n\n\u0125 **general framework and context of protection**\n**of refugees and asylum-seekers** in the host\ncountry, including laws, institutions, social and\npolitical context, and CBP.\n\n\nUNHCR has **approached** **local** **authorities,**\n**especially municipalities, for training space** so\nthat it can hold training sessions in public spaces\nand engage public entities.\n\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **2**\n\n\n#### **\u0007COACHING THROUGH TAILORED MENTORING AND TECHNICAL** **SUPPORT**\n\n\n\nLead partner INTERSOS **dedicates** **field**\n**support to providing coaching tailored to**\n**each organization, through both mentoring**\n**and step-by-step technical support** on project\nimplementation. This takes place over the\nduration of the organizations\u2019 projects. First,\nINTERSOS identifies priority areas, and then\nprovides two forms of support. It holds support\nsessions in groups with focal points from each\norganization. In addition, it supports key persons\nin each organization who are selected based on\nindividual availability. This is important because\nparticipating organizations are run by volunteers,\nmeaning that flexibility is necessary, especially\nregarding time.\n\n\nThis tailored support has two goals. The **short-**\n**term** goal is to ensure that organizations achieve\ntheir objectives within the implementation\ntimeline. In this respect, support helps\norganizations define project ideas and key\nactivities, prioritize resources, implement the\nproject, run communication and dissemination,\nreport on finances, monitor results and network.\n\n\nThe **longer-term** goal is for organizations to acquire\nand strengthen skills, consolidate their role in\ntheir communities, and develop solid foundations\nto achieve autonomy, growth and sustainability.\nIn this respect, support and networking include\nassistance in seeking funding opportunities,\nproject writing for national and European Union\n(EU) proposal calls, collaborations to give visibility\nto organizations\u2019 initiatives, and capacity to carry\nout joint media work.\n\n\n\nIn 2020, INTERSOS held over 750 individual\nmeetings to support the realization of the planned\nprojects, and 155 individual meetings to help\nconsolidate their growth and sustainability.\n\n\nThe lead partner holds **structured meetings**\n**between the individual organizations and the**\n**Mentoring Liaison Officer, supported by the**\n**Liaison Officers.** These meetings explore further\nissues in organizations\u2019 associative lives such as\nidentity, relations with other actors in the territory,\ntheir communication strategy, and opportunities\nto collaborate with other network members or\ninstitutional stakeholders.\n\n\nThere are also **a few group meetings between**\n**all the organizations selected in a given**\n**year and programme staff.** These meetings\nfacilitate networking and joint work among the\norganizations. For example, in 2020, 12 group\nmeetings took place consisting of information\nsessions about open calls for proposal and\nopportunities, sessions to design and write\njoint projects with other organizations in the\nnetwork, and round tables about topics such as\nuniversity education. In 2021, 420 individual and\ngroup sessions were organized, focusing on\nadministrative support, communication, insights\non training issues and more.\n\n\nLastly, the lead partner conducts **structured field**\n**missions,** to meet with not only the participating\norganizations, but also other members of the\nprogramme network, local institutions, and local\nstakeholders.\n\n\n### **3**\n\n\n#### **\u0007PROVISION OF MICRO-GRANTS FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION**\n\n\n\nUNHCR provided micro-grants (of between\nUS$ 6,000 and US$ 9,500) to the selected\norganizations, to implement their proposed\nprojects. These grants come with reporting\nrequirements. Reporting is an opportunity for\nthe organizations to learn by doing, reinforcing\ntheir capacity to apply to a call, manage funds,\nimplement a project and report on its results.\n\n\nUNHCR and the lead partner share the reporting\nprocedures with participating organizations when\nsigning the memorandums of understanding (MoUs).\n\n\n\nThen, before implementation starts, the lead partner\u2019s\nProject Manager trains each organization on the\nprocedures. Well-structured organizations have an\nadministrative focal point, so training is minimal.\nWith other organizations, the Liaison Officer remains\npresent throughout implementation to support\nand follow up when necessary \u2013 usually weekly,\nbut daily during reporting periods. Throughout the\nimplementation phase, organizations send financial\nand narrative reports to the lead partner and UNHCR,\nwhich jointly verify them before releasing the next\ntranche of the grant funds.\n\n\n\n6 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "financial\nand narrative reports", - "confidence": 0.8436593413352966, - "start": 746, - "end": 750 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.5896962881088257, - "start": 778, - "end": 781 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Bicycle workshop realised by the association ARCI Djiguiya within the project \"Benkadi II\" in Crotone, Calabria,\nNovember 2019. \u00a9 E. Megna\n\n### **4 FACILITATION OF NETWORKING**\n\n\n\nUNHCR and its partner INTERSOS facilitate\nnetworking for organizations by providing them\nwith opportunities to connect with **a range of**\n**actors, including municipalities, foundations,**\n**cooperatives and small- to medium-sized social**\n**enterprises.** They also link organizations with local\nand national **press and social media** (centering\nrefugee voices) to bring visibility to their activities,\nevents and advocacy.\n\n\nNetworks have taken several forms:\n\n\n\u0125 a **community of practice** on Facebook [5] where\nusers receive updates on the programme\n(events, funding opportunities and a forum to\ninteract);\n\n\n5 See [www.facebook.com/groups/709353276133781.](http://www.facebook.com/groups/709353276133781)\n\n\n\n\u0125 cross-cutting initiatives, such as **local and**\n**national events, in person and virtually**\n(via Facebook and Twitter, especially during\nlockdowns);\n\n\n\u0125 at the end of each year, a two-day **national**\n**networking event** with all direct and indirect\nparticipants (RLOs and CBOs, municipalities,\nfoundations, private companies, media, NGOs),\nwhich includes programme discussion groups,\nwith feedback and proposals on the integration\nand participation of persons of concern;\n\n\n\u0125 the two **Liaison Officers from the lead partner,**\nto consolidate past and current participants\u2019\nnetworks with each other and with other\nrelevant actors.\n\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### \u0125 ADAPTATION TO COVID-19 AND ASSOCIATED RESTRICTIONS\n\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated\nrestrictions have posed major challenges to the\nprogramme. In response, UNHCR and INTERSOS\n**created the online platform for training and**\n**coaching,** PartecipAzione Innovation Lab. [6] This\nenabled not only online lessons, thematic round\ntables and tool exchanges, but also synergies and\ncommunity-building among the organizations.\n\n\nParticipating organizations also adapted the design\nand implementation of their projects by supporting\nthe persons experiencing difficulties. UNHCR and\nINTERSOS **followed their lead by supporting and**\n**giving visibility to their work.**\n\n\nFirst, they **promoted publications in local and**\n**national media.** This helped raise awareness\nabout these organizations\u2019 valuable work,\n\n\n\nstrengthen their relations with institutions and local\nstakeholders, and enhance networking activities\nwith other organizations.\n\n\nSecond, UNHCR and INTERSOS launched an\ninitiative called \u201cAdaptation to COVID-19\u201d for the\norganizations in the PartecipAzione network, with\nthe aim of **helping them adapt while guaranteeing**\n**an active, sustainable and safe presence** in\ntheir territories. Proposals were received from 13\norganizations and approved for further funding\nand support. The initiatives ranged from setting up\nprotective measures against COVID-19 (adaptation\nof offices, personal protective equipment,\ntechnological adaptation) and producing information\nand audio-visual material, to setting up counters and\nactivities for personal assistance, to training.\n\n\n# **ACHIEVEMENTS, RESULTS AND IMPACT**\n\nMonitoring by the lead partner includes field visits (mission reports), daily and weekly remote follow-up, and\nmonthly reports. Participants also prepare reports (including interim and final reports), which the lead partner\ncollects, checks, revises and passes on to UNHCR for review. UNHCR and INTERSOS then measure the results\nthrough a qualitative and quantitative impact survey carried six months after the end of each programme year.\n\n#### **INTEREST, DIVERSITY, PARTICIPATION AND REACH**\n\n\n\nSince its launch in 2018, the programme has\nattracted **applications from a large number of**\n**diverse organizations in a variety of regions**\nin the country. In 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021,\nUNHCR received 62 proposals from 5 regions, 112\nfrom 11 regions, 92 from 16 regions and 49 from\n9 regions, respectively (despite the pandemic).\nMoreover, in 2021, organizations from past years\nset up three consortiums which co-designed and\nco-implemented projects. These projects were\nfunded and supported by the programme.\n\n\nThe **organizations supported since 2018 have**\n**been diverse.** They are active in a variety of sectors\nsuch as health, protection monitoring and civil rights.\nSome are well established, while others are young\n(and need more support). Some provide support to\nspecific disadvantaged groups. For example, two\norganizations were led by lesbian, gay, bisexual,\n\n\n6 Available from [www.partecipazionelab.org.](http://www.partecipazionelab.org)\n\n\n\ntransgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ+) persons;\nsix focused on women\u2019s empowerment; and one\naddressed disability inclusion through a local\nassociation that supports persons with disabilities.\n\n\n**Over the years, more than 40 RLOs and CBOs**\n**across most regions of the country have**\n**completed the programme** (2018\u20132021). In 2019\nalone, 145 refugees affiliated with 69 organizations\nattended the initial training. As at 2021, the\nprogramme supported a total of 22 organizations\n(past and current participants), and more through\nindividual tutoring and coaching.\n\n\n**Between 2018 and 2019, the projects supported**\n**by micro-grants reached around 8,000 persons**\n**(refugees and non-refugees)** in 14 regions of\nthe country, acting as multipliers of social and\neconomic inclusion and integration.\n\n\n\n8 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mission reports", - "confidence": 0.8518741726875305, - "start": 291, - "end": 293 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "lead partner", - "confidence": 0.6153988838195801, - "start": 285, - "end": 287 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly reports", - "confidence": 0.5678643584251404, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6680676937103271, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6016128659248352, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.5027569532394409, - "start": 407, - "end": 408 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Participants", - "confidence": 0.5573330521583557, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A participant of the project \"The world at home\" realised by Associazione Multietnica Antirazzista Donne (AMAD) in\nAncona, Marche, Italy, October 2020. \u00a9 AMAD\n\n#### **PARTICIPANT EMPOWERMENT**\n\n\n\nOverall, the programme has had the **greatest reported**\n**impact on** organizations\u2019 **project management;** their\n**partnerships and networking;** and their **visibility** and\n**credibility** with other stakeholders. The indicators of\nempowerment have been positive from the start, as\nthe following aggregate results from the 2018\u20132020\nsurveys show: [7]\n\n\n\u0125 84 per cent of organizations reported improved\nmedia visibility;\n\n\n\u0125 88 per cent reported strengthened networks,\nhaving developed new partnerships with other\norganizations;\n\n\n\u0125 76 per cent reported new funding, distinct from\nUNHCR-INTERSOS funding, and new projects\npresented for funding;\n\n\n\u0125 60 per cent reported access to decisionmaking meetings with public regional and\nnational institutions;\n\n\n\u0125 84 per cent reported scaling up their activities\nsince the end of the programme;\n\n\n\u0125 92 per cent reported mobilizing their resources\nto respond to the COVID-19 emergency.\n\n\n\nParticipating **RLOs have gone on to sustainably**\n**become key players in decision-making at the**\n**local, national and even international level, and**\n**have increased their influence.** At the local level,\nmany organizations have now become key contacts\nfor local stakeholders such as municipalities and\nhealth authorities.\n\n\nAt the national level, the permanent consultation\ngroup for the promotion and protection of LGBTIQ+\npeople, established by the Department of Equal\nOpportunities of the Presidency of the Council\nof Ministers, included the organization \u201cIl Grande\nColibr\u00ec\u201d among its members. Several organizations\nhave direct relations with regional and national\nmedia representatives or receive direct requests\nfrom foundations for project proposals.\n\n\nAt the regional level, the European Commission\nselected the Unione Nazionale Italiana per Rifugiati\ned Esuli [Italian National Union of Refugees and\nExiles \u2013 UNIRE] to join an expert group on migration,\nintegration and asylum in 2020. The European\nCouncil on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), an alliance\nof 103 NGOs across 39 European countries, elected\nthe President of Mosaico into its Board.\n\n\n\n7 UNHCR applied the impact survey again in 2021 for 2020 participants, but results were likely to be somewhat less\npositive because COVID-19 restrictions in the host country limited the participants\u2019 actions.\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "impact survey", - "confidence": 0.9957723021507263, - "start": 427, - "end": 429 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6738138794898987, - "start": 428, - "end": 429 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9419253468513489, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.8366172313690186, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6968514919281006, - "start": 431, - "end": 432 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6641772389411926, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **LESSONS**\n\n#### **ENABLING FACTORS**\n\n\u00de **Collaborative and creative partnership and**\n**thinking with refugees and the lead partner,**\nINTERSOS, have been crucial.\n\n\n\u00de **Multi-year, flexible funding:**\n\n\nh **Commitment** **by** **UNHCR\u2019s** **senior**\n**management to funding and supporting**\n**this programme for a period of several**\n**years** has been essential.\n\n\nh **Flexibility to scale up or down depending**\n**on available budget**, by adjusting the\nnumber of projects supported, has been\ninvaluable for sustainability.\n\n\n\u00de **Building on and adapting UNHCR\u2019s activities**\n**in the country and beyond,** such as projects\nfor quick impact or for community support, has\nbeen helpful.\n\n\n\n\u00de **Spending** **time** **with** **participating**\n**organizations** has been paramount for\neffectiveness and sustainability as it has helped\nbuild mutual trust and enabled exploration of\nsynergies:\n\n\nh **Field visits** have been essential for\nmonitoring all participants, and for\nchecking that CBOs ensure the inclusion\nand participation of refugees and asylumseekers.\n\n\nh **Having two full-time Liaison Officers,** one\nfor current participants and another for past\nparticipants, has significantly contributed\nto efficiency.\n\n\n#### **ADVERSE FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS**\n\n\n\n\u00de **COVID-19 and the associated restrictions**\n**created hurdles.** However, adapting to these\nhurdles enabled all stakeholders to keep\nbuilding trust and maintain activities.\n\n\n\u00de Between and within participating organizations,\n**there are different levels of mastery of**\n**languages, relevant IT, administration and**\n**finance.** This has required adaptation.\n\n\nh Some persons are fluent in the country\u2019s\nlanguage or in English, while others are not.\nIn response, UNHCR has started **translating**\nall its training materials into Arabic.\n\n\n\nh As part of **monitoring,** Liaison Officers\nneed to ensure that members have basic\nskills in tools such as Microsoft Office and\nGoogle, and to offer **training.**\n\n\n\u00de Members of RLOs and CBOs have **not always**\n**prioritized their work that strategically, often**\n**neglecting communication and visibility.** In\nturn, this has made it challenging for UNHCR\nand INTERSOS to give visibility to their projects,\ncollect their materials and ensure they have\ndeveloped materials that are up to standard.\n\n\n\n10 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **TIPS FOR REPLICATION AND SCALING UP**\n\n#### **GENERAL APPROACH AND FRAMEWORK**\n\n\n\nO **Embrace** **partnership,** **not** **donorship,**\nin relation to both the lead partner and\nparticipating organizations:\n\n\nh With the lead partner, ensure transparency,\ncoordination and open dialogue.\n\n\nh With RLOs, seek equal partnerships, and\ndo not undermine their role or credibility\nthrough tokenistic or \u201ctick-box\u201d activities.\nEngage them from the start and throughout,\nand not as last-minute participants or\npanellists.\n\n\nO **Work with refugees and RLOs, rather than for**\n**them, by involving them at every stage** of the\nprogramme, including decision-making:\n\n\nh **Include** **them** **in** **the** **selection** **of**\n**organizations** that will be supported.\n\n\nh **Always seek participants\u2019 feedback** on\ntraining and the programme and adjust\nas relevant. Have adequate feedback\nmechanisms in place.\n\n\nh **Require that selected CBOs that are not**\n**refugee-led** **demonstrate** **meaningful**\n**participation and decision-making from**\n**refugees and other persons of concern** in\nidentifying and implementing solutions on\nprotection.\n\n\nO **Understand the local context and the**\n**dynamics of the different territories, in all**\n**their complexity:**\n\n\nh Know the social, economic and cultural\naspects, as well as the political ones.\n\n\nh If possible, review secondary literature on\nall regions, as a complement to the lead\npartner\u2019s own assessments of context\n(for example to assess protection, health,\neducation, and water, sanitation and\nhygiene [WASH]).\n\n\nO **Have strategies for risk management and**\n**mitigation measures in place:**\n\n\nh **Discuss these with organizations** at\ninception and during proposal writing.\n\n\n\nh **Do no harm, by addressing potential**\n**protection risks** faced by participating\nrefugees and asylum-seekers, such as\nanti-refugee sentiments or xenophobia.\nConsult with the organizations and\nmitigate the risks prior to public\nengagement.\n\n\nO **Ensure gender parity and representative**\n**diversity among the RLOs engaged:**\n\n\nh Ensure that RLOs **reflect the diversity of**\n**their communities** in term of their age,\ngender and diversity characteristics.\n\n\nh Proactively **engage with women refugees**\n**and asylum-seekers.** Consider obstacles\nthat they often find most salient, such as\nlanguage and commitments to unpaid care\nwork for their families. Use their preferred\nmodalities of engagement (for example,\nthey may prefer informal structures).\n\n\nO **Bear in mind that the goal is integration in the**\n**host country, not the particular activities that**\n**the organizations carry out.**\n\n\nSewing workshop realised by the association \"Pro Loco\nPassarelli Rinaldo Sisto\" within the project \"Diramare Ama-la\" in Camini, Calabria, October 2020. \u00a9 INTERSOS\n\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PROGRAMMING**\n\nO **Plan** **and** **budget** **for** **continuity** **and**\n**sustainability in the medium to long term.**\nCommunity-based engagement is effective\nwith long-lasting results and a sustainable\nimpact, but while cost-effective, it is not free:\n\n\nh Budget appropriately for dedicated and\ncontinued resources, time, and staffing (at\nthe right levels and with the necessary skills).\n\n\nh Plan for the lead partner to dedicate\nconsiderable time to building trust and\ncollaboration by nurturing relationships\nwith the organizations.\n\n\nh Train the supported organizations in\nsustainability skills such as fundraising.\n\n\nO **Ensure that the relevant people are involved**\n**and work in the right conditions:**\n\n\nh **At UNHCR:**\n\n\n - Ask management to commit to multiyear programming.\n\n\n - Work through a **multifunctional**\n**team** involving CBP, protection,\nprogramming, communication and\nprivate sector partnerships (PSP).\n\n\n - Adjust activities and resources in the\nProject Partnership Agreement (PPA)\nas needed.\n\n\nh **At the lead partner:**\n\n\n - Support staff retention, especially by\nenacting multi-year budgeting.\n\n\nh **Outside UNHCR:**\n\n\n - Engage the right organizations and staff.\n\n\n\nO **Start with mapping** - who is doing what, where\nand how \u2013 creating a database.\n\n\nO **Require realistic communication strategies**\n**and plans in proposals, and make it a criterion.**\nPrioritize organizations with actual or potential\ncapacities in this area.\n\n\nO **Train participants in administrative and**\n**financial procedures for reporting:**\n\n\nh In particular, train them on reporting and\nstandard operating procedures (SOPs), IT\ntools (Excel and Word), and administrative\nand financial tools. The lead partner\ncan share a lighter version of its own\nadministrative tools with the organizations.\nThis training should **include basics in**\n**transparency and accountability.**\n\n\nh As part of coaching, ensure that they have\nfully read and understood the SOPs.\n\n\nO **Be as flexible as possible on deadlines and**\n**requirements when working with RLOs.** Most\nRLO members are volunteers and have other\nobligations.\n\n\nO **Set out a clear structure on how to engage**\n**with participating organizations.** For example,\nat the start of a collaboration cycle, there may\nbe specific tasks such as choosing the type of\nagreement (e.g. MoUs).\n\n\nO **Organize** **monitoring** **in** **diverse** **ways**\n**(field, liaison offices, missions).** Use the\ncorresponding adapted toolkits, developing\nthem if needed.\n\n\n\n12 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTNERSHIPS WITH OTHER STAKEHOLDERS**\n\n\u0125 **Ensure capacity to engage with not just**\n**participating organizations, but also all**\n**other relevant stakeholders,** such as local\nauthorities, academic institutions and other\nexperts, to assess and encourage their interest\nin working with RLOs. This can be achieved\nby having dedicated staff who are regularly\ndeployed in the field.\n\n\n\u0125 **Consider involving some stakeholders to**\n**bring visibility to the programme and to**\n**RLOs.** For example, UNHCR included privatesector donors on the selection panel.\n\n# **MORE INFORMATION**\n\n\n\u0125 Programme website: [www.partecipazionerifugiati.org](http://www.partecipazionerifugiati.org)\n\n\n\u0125 Overview of the programme (2019): [www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc1X_4WvquI](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc1X_4WvquI)\n\n\n\u0125 Video report of the eight projects supported in 2020: [www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JK2zmUv_ns](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JK2zmUv_ns)\n\n\n\u0125 [Factsheet (2021): www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Factsheet-2021_eng.pdf](http://www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Factsheet-2021_eng.pdf)\n\n\n\u0125 Annual reports in Italian: [www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/chi-siamo/la-nostra-storia](http://www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/chi-siamo/la-nostra-storia/)\n\n\n\u0125 Full 2020 report in English (summing up data and information from the previous three-year editions):\n[www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/partecipazione](http://www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/partecipazione)\n\n\n\u0125 Online courses: [www.partecipazionelab.org](http://www.partecipazionelab.org)\n\n\n\u0125 Community of practice on Facebook, alongside a wider public Facebook group for the programme:\n[www.facebook.com/groups/709353276133781](http://www.facebook.com/groups/709353276133781)\n\n\n\u0125 Reports in video form: [https://youtu.be/WvXys9L737U](https://youtu.be/WvXys9L737U)\n\n\n\u0125 [www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/partecipazione](http://www.partecipazionerifugiati.org/partecipazione)\n\n\n**On promising practices more generally:**\n\n\nTo learn about how and why to categorize an operational practice as a promising practice, emerging\npractice or case study, please refer to the two-page distinction table [8] extracted from the methodology and\nbackground document [9] on collecting practices and case studies.\n\n\nYou are welcome to submit new case studies and practices through this online form. [10]\n\n\n8 Internal resource. Available from [https://bit.ly/3ATt3MN.](https://bit.ly/3ATt3MN)\n9 Internal resource. Available from [https://bit.ly/34exy8O.](https://bit.ly/34exy8O)\n10 Internal resource. Available from [https://bit.ly/34eS1dt.](https://bit.ly/34eS1dt)\n\n\nPARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**For more information please contact:**\nDivision of International Protection\nCommunity-based Protection Unit\n[hqts00@unhcr.org](mailto:hqts00@unhcr.org)\n\n\nRegional Bureau for Europe\n\n\nUNHCR Italy\n[vegaa@unhcr.org](mailto:vegaa@unhcr.org)\n[mittendo@unhcr.org](mailto:mittendo@unhcr.org)\n\n\n14 PARTECIPAZIONE: EMPOWERING ORGANIZATIONS LED BY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS\u2026\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11d87043-f0b0-4e17-9a7b-d851c8b3f53c/Empowering%20organizations%20led%20by%20refugees%20and%20asylum-seekers%20and%20community-based%20organizations%20to%20foster%20protection%20and%20meaningful%20participation%20in%20the%20host%20country.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_37/raw/doc_37_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_37/raw/doc_37_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a7bc380ef26a3b61158bd91fd1658734929de35c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_37/raw/doc_37_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **6**\n\nINTER-AGENCY\nPARTNERS IN A\nCOORDINATED\nRESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nTO ASSIST UP TO\n## **30,000**\n\nINDIVIDUALS IN NEED\nOF HUMANITARIAN AID\n\n\nWITH A TOTAL\n## **$11.5 M Country Context**\n\nOF INTER-AGENCY\nREQUIREMENTS\n\n\n\nThe **inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP)** outlines the\ncomprehensive response and activities to support countries\u2019 efforts to protect\nand assist refugees, and other persons in need of humanitarian aid, coming from\nUkraine. It includes the financial requirements of partners in all countries under\nthe Regional RRP (including UN agencies, national and international nongovernmental organizations and civil society), covering the period from March to\nDecember 2022, and working closely with concerned host Governments.\n\n\nIn **Belarus,** RRP partners support Government-led efforts through a\nmultisectoral approach. The response focuses, among others, on provision of\nprotection services; cash assistance; distribution of basic household goods,\nincluding warm winter clothing for the most vulnerable groups and people with\nspecific needs; facilitating access to employment, education, and health\nservices; and information/data management as well as strengthening national\ncapacities. The response will identify and address refugees\u2019 needs, with due\nconsideration of age, gender and diversity.\nhis summary of the Regional RRP in **Belarus** reflects the **recalibration of the**\n**RRP** completed in September 2022. It presents needs\u2019 analysis and response\npriorities, as well as partners\u2019 financial requirements, which are reflected under\nthe \u201cOther Countries\u201d chapter of the Regional RRP.\n\n\nSince 24 February 2022 and as of 27 September 2022, a total of 55,998 border\ncrossings to Belarus from Ukraine have been recorded with 244 border crossings\nby third country nationals. The number of persons who have transited through\nthe EU countries before entering Belarus totals to 40,113 (32,565 through\nPoland, 6,427 through Lithuania, and 1,121 through Latvia), while 15,885 have\ncrossed directly from Ukraine. [1] Since the second half of April 2022, border\ncrossing points have remained closed on the Ukrainian side and direct border\ncrossings remain low.\n\n\n\nThe Government of Belarus allows all refugees from Ukraine to access Belarusian territory without visa\nrequirements. Those who wish to seek international protection have access to asylum procedures, irrespective\nof their nationality. Third country nationals fleeing the war in Ukraine and traveling to their countries of origin\n\n\n1 These statistics are provided by the State Border Committee of Belarus (SBC) and reflect all border crossings from Ukraine and EU countries.\nThese may include pendular cross-border and transit movements.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2173a2cd-7878-46f9-b8e7-5c00211282b6/2022_10_03%20-%20RRP%20Ukraine%20Situation%20Addendum_Annex%20I.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukraine Situation\nRegional Refugee Response Plan\nSummary and Inter-Agency Funding Requirements March \u2013 December 2022\n\nSeptember 2022 Recalibration\n\nBELARUS\n\n\nor permanent residence are allowed to enter, transit, and exit Belarus visa-free. All COVID-19 restrictions have\nbeen lifted at border crossing points with Ukraine and no PCR test is needed to enter Belarus for those seeking\nprotection.\n\n\nSince 24 February and as of 27 September 2022, 14,881 refugees from Ukraine have registered with the\nMinistry of Interior (MOI) for a legal status in Belarus. 8,559 Ukrainians have been recorded by the MOI\u2019s\nDepartment on Citizenship and Migration (DCM) as persons granted permits for temporary stay up to 90 days.\n1,788 Ukrainians have applied for asylum in Belarus. Out of those, 1,011 Ukrainians have been granted\ncomplementary protection. 3,053 have applied for 1-year temporary residence permits while 1,481 have\napplied for permanent residence permits.\n\n\nOn 14 September 2022, the President of Belarus signed an amendment to the Decree No. 420 of 30 August\n2014 (issued on 16.09.22) \u201cOn the stay of citizens of Ukraine in the Republic of Belarus\u201d. This amendment\nprovides the legislative basis for facilitated access of citizens from Ukraine to medical care, employment,\neducation, and pensions (the latter only for Ukrainians with permanent residence).\n\n\nSurveys have shown that most refugees arriving in Belarus come from the Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv\nregions. Groups of people at heightened risk include women; female-headed households; children, especially\nunaccompanied and separated children (UASC); elderly people; people with disabilities; and people in need\nof medical support. Most refugees from Ukraine are hosted by relatives or friends, while others found private\naccommodation, some linked to employment.\n\n\nThe Government leads the response to the Ukraine refugee situation in Belarus with the support of interagency partners. The Belarusian Red Cross Society (BRCS) is the Government-recognized entity for\ninternational aid delivery and distribution. The number of people fleeing from Ukraine to Belarus is relatively\nsmall compared to other neighbouring countries. However, the crisis in Ukraine unfolds in an unpredictable\nmanner and refugees from Ukraine continue to arrive through EU countries and through Russia.\n\n**Needs Analysis**\n**Protection needs** include identifying the most vulnerable refugees, including survivors of violence; victims of\ntrafficking; elderly people; single women; female-headed households; people with disabilities; and children,\nparticularly UASC. Protection services, referral pathways and follow-up systems will need to be strengthened\nin collaboration with relevant Government entities and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). This includes legal\ncounselling and assistance, rehabilitation support, **child services** including Best Interest Procedures (BIP),\nas well as capacity building on **Gender-Based-Violence (GBV)**, including risk prevention and response, and\ntemporary safe accommodation.\n\n\nComplementing the capacity on **psycho-social and mental health** services was identified as one of the\nprimary needs. Emergency **medical treatment** is generally provided free of charge in Belarus. According to\nthe recent amendments made to Decree No. 420, citizens of Ukraine who arrived in Belarus after 24 February\n2022 and have not yet applied for a residence permit will have access to medical care on an equal basis with\ncitizens of Belarus. Some groups of people, such as third country nationals, will need support with their medical\nneeds.\n\n\nThe most vulnerable groups, such as families and single parents with small children and elderly people, will\nneed to be supported with **one-time emergency cash assistance, basic household** items and warm clothing\nto settle in private accommodation in the host communities and to be prepared for the cold **winter months** .\n\n\nRecent amendments to Decree No. 420 grant all children from Ukraine access to all levels of **education** .\nHowever, (pre-)school-aged children from Ukraine will need assistance to start the new school year. School\nadministration, teachers and other education specialists require additional support to identify and respond\neffectively to children\u2019s heightened levels of distress.\n\n\nRecent amendments to the Decree No. 420 simplify the employment recruitment procedures for Ukrainian\nnationals and stateless persons from Ukraine and waive some fees for the employers. A good understanding\nof socio-economic profiles, market opportunities and key stakeholders is vital to assist and enable refugees\nto protect their assets, adapt to local market needs, and contribute to local economies. The needs of vulnerable\n**host communities** must also be addressed in the planning of all interventions to foster social cohesion and\na welcoming environment.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2173a2cd-7878-46f9-b8e7-5c00211282b6/2022_10_03%20-%20RRP%20Ukraine%20Situation%20Addendum_Annex%20I.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukraine Situation\nRegional Refugee Response Plan\nSummary and Inter-Agency Funding Requirements March \u2013 December 2022\n\nSeptember 2022 Recalibration\n\nBELARUS\n\n\n**Response strategy and sector priorities**\nPriority will be given to the collection of **age and gender disaggregated data** to strengthen and promote an\nevidence-based protection response to the Ukraine refugee situation. These efforts will provide a better\nunderstanding and regional comparability of the profiles, intentions, and needs of refugees coming from\nUkraine to Belarus. The capacity of local actors in data collection is being strengthened.\n\n\nWithin the **protection response** strategy, partners will continue to regularly monitor access to territory and\nasylum procedures, as well as reception conditions of new arrivals. Individual counselling is offered through\navailable hotlines including for legal counselling and referrals to adequate services. Social services will be\nprovided with particular attention to elderly people, people with disabilities and specific needs.\n\n\n**Child protection** response activities will focus on working with CSOs and local education and social protection\nadministrations to strengthen the child protection system. Attention will be paid to creating child-friendly spaces\nfor children and families. Child protection coordination will be strengthened to respond to immediate protection\nneeds of UASC and other children at heightened risks.\n\n\n**Protection from GBV** will be strengthened by using the existing social structures and capacities in Belarus\nincluding the national GBV protection network of social and healthcare service providers and CSOs that\nprovide psycho-social counselling, case management and referral to other specialized services, as well as\nsafe shelter. Safe spaces for counselling and referral, with particular attention to the specific needs of women,\ngirls, boys, elderly people, and people with disabilities, will be established in the regions.\n\n\nA key response priority is **psycho-social support** particularly for children and their caregivers, women, elderly\npeople, and people with disabilities, who might have suffered from or witnessed violence, including victims of\ntrafficking. A psycho-social mobile team has been established to provide individual counselling and capacity\nbuilding for frontline workers working with children. RRP Partners are also working towards provision of\npsycho-social support to survivors and those at-risk of GBV. RRP Partners will facilitate access to **mental**\n**health** **services** by providing specialized services where needed and strengthening the capacity of the local\nhealthcare system.\n\n\nDepending on the needs, RRP partners will support with referrals and payments for **healthcare services and**\n**medications** as per the needs identified. Special focus must be given to the needs of people with terminal\nand chronic diseases and disabilities. RRP partners will also strengthen the provision of sexual and\nreproductive health (SRH) services, as well as antenatal, obstetrics and post-natal care in accordance with\ninternational standards. Early childhood services will include counselling on nutrition and vaccinations and\nproviding multidisciplinary services to families with children affected by developmental delays or disabilities.\n\n\nIn cooperation with national authorities, RRP partners launched their emergency response during the first\nweeks of the crisis by providing and prepositioning of **basic** items for immediate assistance. The assistance\nwill be adapted to the needs for the **winter months** and mid- to long-term needs to support refugees to settle\nin host communities. **One-time emergency cash assistance** for vulnerable groups will continue to support\npayments for adequate accommodation and heating costs, while particularly vulnerable cases will be\nsupported with temporary accommodation. Several crisis centers have been renovated over the summer and\nRRP partners are planning to further provide winter assistance such as blankets and winter clothing to these\ncenters.\n\n\nRRP Partners will strengthen the outreach to (pre-)school-aged children to assist in accessing the national\n**education** system and will provide school supplies and uniforms to support the start into the new school year.\nRRP Partners will also work with local actors to strengthen and scale-up safe space programmes in schools\nin the regions with a high presence of refugees.\n\n\nPartners will develop a **livelihoods and resilience** strategy in collaboration with the Government to better\nplan mid- and long-term interventions. Joint assessments will be conducted together with local authorities.\nRefugees and host communities will benefit from skills mapping, job intermediation and placement, and\nawareness raising on employment, self-employment and other income-generating opportunities. Digital\nsolutions will contribute to these efforts.\n\n\nAs majority of refugees from Ukraine are women and children, specific attention to **gender issues** will be\ncross-cutting in the response planning. Recognizing the need for communities\u2019 voices to drive decision-making\nand ensuring safe space, efforts will be made to support partners in meaningful engagement and\n**communication with communities** . To address potential **sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA)** risks, all\nnational and international partners involved in the provision of support will be informed, coordinated, and\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age and gender disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9787858724594116, - "start": 38, - "end": 43 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8944782018661499, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7726308703422546, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2173a2cd-7878-46f9-b8e7-5c00211282b6/2022_10_03%20-%20RRP%20Ukraine%20Situation%20Addendum_Annex%20I.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukraine Situation\nRegional Refugee Response Plan\nSummary and Inter-Agency Funding Requirements March \u2013 December 2022\n\nSeptember 2022 Recalibration\n\nBELARUS\n\n\ntrained on protection from SEA. Effective and accessible feedback and response mechanisms will be\nestablished and will include confidential and safe channels.\n\n**Coordination**\nRRP partners support the Government\u2019s efforts to respond to the Ukraine refugee situation. UNHCR leads\nand coordinates the implementation of the RRP in line with the Refugee Coordination Model (RCM) in close\ncollaboration and consultation with relevant Government counterparts, and with the support of inter-agency\npartners and other stakeholders.\n\n\nWithin the framework of this RRP and building on existing country-level humanitarian coordination structures,\nan inter-agency Refugee Coordination Forum (RCF), composed of all partners involved in the response, has\nbeen established at country level. This has enabled RRP partners to work efficiently together to maximize the\nresponse, ensure complementarity and avoid duplications. It also aims at guiding joint advocacy initiatives and\nresource mobilization efforts.\n\n**Financial requirements March-December 2022 | USD**\nRRP partners are appealing for an estimated **$** **11.5 M** for the period from March to December 2022. The\nbelow table presents recalibrated financial requirements of the appealing inter-agency partners per sector in\n**Belarus as of September 2022,** with funding received thus far. **In 2022, Belarus** has been largely a country\nof transit for refugees from Ukraine and it currently hosts a relatively small number of refugees compared to\nthe number of border crossings. However, in addition to women and children a significant portion of the\nUkrainian refugee population in Belarus are vulnerable elderly people. Limited funding will negatively affect\nresponse implementation and create an extremely challenging operational environment, should the situation\nin the region worsen and number of refugees increase.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*Breakdown of Protection requirements\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|requirements $ 800,000|** This is a breakdown by sector of the requirements for cash assistance which are included in the above total sectoral budgets. Cash assistance is used as a cross-cutting modality across the various sectors, including|\n|---|---|\n|**Basic Needs**|
protection, and is budgeted for accordingly and in line with a basic needs approach. As the modality of choice of
persons of concern, cash assistance will be used as the primary means to meet immediate basic needs and
provide important protection outcomes.|\n|**$ 800,000**|**$ 800,000**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2173a2cd-7878-46f9-b8e7-5c00211282b6/2022_10_03%20-%20RRP%20Ukraine%20Situation%20Addendum_Annex%20I.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_370/raw/doc_370_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_370/raw/doc_370_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 566c8aa9b621f60eddf335cda959f6c0116ed666..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_370/raw/doc_370_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e008fdc8-a854-4614-b094-8c0d35bfc83e/Enfoque%20tem%C3%A1tico_%20Integraci%C3%B3n%20socioecon...%20en%20Am%C3%A9rica%20Latina%20y%20el%20Caribe%20_%20ACNUR.pdf", - 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{ - "input_text": "En el marco de\n\n\n_A los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes_\n\n_a quienes debemos nuestros_\n\n_mayores esfuerzos y protecci\u00f3n._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En el marco de\n\n\n_A las madres, padres y cuidadores. A la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados (ACNUR) y al Servicio Jesuita a_\n_Refugiados Colombia (JRS/COL), quienes colideraron la elaboraci\u00f3n del presente documento. Al Sector Local de_\n_Protecci\u00f3n de Santander, Grupo Interagencial de Flujos Migratorios Mixtos (GIFMM), Organizaciones de Base_\n_Comunitaria, Organizaciones de Cooperaci\u00f3n Internacional; por su participaci\u00f3n y aportes en la construcci\u00f3n de la_\n_Estrategia de Incidencia para la Garant\u00eda del Derecho a la Educaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes venezolanos_\n_(as) no escolarizados en el \u00e1rea metropolitana de Bucaramanga. A la institucionalidad, especialmente a las_\n_Secretar\u00edas de Educaci\u00f3n de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Gir\u00f3n y Piedecuesta; Instituciones Educativas y las_\n_Personer\u00edas de Floridablanca, Piedecuesta y Gir\u00f3n, que suman esfuerzos y voluntades en la implementaci\u00f3n de_\n_soluciones duraderas, buscando la garant\u00eda de derechos e integraci\u00f3n de ni\u00e1s, ni\u00f1os y adoslecentes venezolanos_\n_en contextos escolares._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Colombia es el mayor receptor de poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, migrante y retornada\nproveniente de Venezuela; miles de personas, **con necesidad de protecci\u00f3n**\n**internacional**, se han visto obligadas a salir de su pa\u00eds a causa de la crisis\necon\u00f3mica, social y pol\u00ed\ufffdca. Adem\u00e1s de la hiperinflaci\u00f3n y la contracci\u00f3n de la\neconom\u00eda, las pol\u00ed\ufffdcas econ\u00f3micas y sociales adoptadas durante la \u00fal\ufffdma d\u00e9cada\nhan debilitado los sistemas de producci\u00f3n y distribuci\u00f3n de alimentos, para\nasegurar su subsistencia, salud y vida.\n\n\n_\u201c(\u2026) Las familias salen de Venezuela para escapar de la violencia,_\n_inseguridad, amenazas y la falta de recursos b\u00e1sicos como alimentos y_\n_medicamentos. Personas de la tercera edad, mujeres y ni\u00f1os caminan_\n_durante d\u00edas en busca de comida y un techo donde pasar la noche. Muchas de_\n_estas personas llegan asustadas, cansadas y en extrema necesidad de_\n_asistencia._\n\n\n_M\u00e1s de 7 millones de personas han dejado Venezuela buscando protecci\u00f3n y_\n_una vida mejor. La mayor\u00eda \u2013m\u00e1s de 6 millones de personas\u2013 ha encontrado_\n_acogida en los pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. (\u2026)\u201d_ **1**\n\n\nSantander y el \u00c1rea Metropolitana de Bucaramanga (en adelante AMB), se han\nconsolidado como frontera extendida en el fen\u00f3meno migratorio venezolano. Su\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\nubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica la ha conver\ufffddo en un paso estrat\u00e9gico y obligatorio para\nmillones de personas que transitan hac\u00eda el interior de Colombia o con des\ufffdno a\nun tercer pa\u00eds, as\u00ed como para personas con vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia que buscan\nreconstruir sus vidas en el territorio, dada la cercan\u00eda con la frontera y las\noportunidades socio econ\u00f3micas de las ciudades. Con respecto a la\nimplementaci\u00f3n del Estatuto Temporal de Protecci\u00f3n para venezolanos/as (en\nadelante ETPV) en el Departamento, a corte del 10 de abril de 2023, se reportan\n112.470 pre-registros al Registro \u00danico para Migrantes Venezolanos (en adelante\nRUMV); de los cuales 34.818 corresponden a ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes. La\nmayor concentraci\u00f3n de personas venezolanas en Santander residen en\nBucaramanga y su \u00c1rea Metropolitana (Gir\u00f3n, Floridablanca y Piedecuesta),\nalcanzando casi un 70% del total de los refugiados y migrantes venezolanos, esto\nes 78.729 personas . **2**\n\n\nEsta \u00fal\ufffdma cifra supone un reto importante para el AMB, en t\u00e9rminos de derechos\ny del inter\u00e9s superior de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes (en adelante NNA)\nprovenientes de Venezuela, quienes se han movilizado junto a sus familias a\nColombia a causa de la crisis humanitaria en su pa\u00eds de origen. Esta nueva\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n y garan\ufffda de derechos a NNA, ha dejado en evidencia las\nlimitadas respuestas ins\ufffdtucionales para la garan\ufffda plena del derecho a la\neducaci\u00f3n, que, desde una postura integral y garan\ufffdsta, debe contemplar\nacciones concretas no s\u00f3lo en t\u00e9rminos de cobertura educa\ufffdva, sino adem\u00e1s de\npermanencia en el sistema educa\ufffdvo, que permitan impactar de manera\nsignifica\ufffdva las barreras y desa\ufffdos que enfrentan las comunidades educa\ufffdvas.\n\n\n\n**1** _Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, Situaci\u00f3n Venezuela. Recuperado el 12 de diciembre de 2022. (ACNUR). www.acnur.org/situacion-en-venezuela.html_\n\n**2** _Migraci\u00f3n Colombia. (2023). Estatuto Temporal de Protecci\u00f3n - Prerregistros, Grupo Estudios Migratorios y Estad\u00edstica._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CONTEXTO E INTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n## **1**\n\n\nCon base en lo anterior, es importante reconocer a la l\u00ednea de educaci\u00f3n en emergencia como la estrategia para la promoci\u00f3n de ambientes protectores a NNA y **3**\nj\u00f3venes refugiados, migrantes y retornados no escolarizados, debido a que la huida\ndel pa\u00eds de origen afect\u00f3 su proceso educa\ufffdvo, configurando un nuevo escenario\nde respuesta integral a esta poblaci\u00f3n. De all\u00ed, la importancia de discu\ufffdr y analizar\ndesde la visi\u00f3n de m\u00fal\ufffdples actores, cu\u00e1les han sido los vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n y\nbarreras para el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n en menci\u00f3n, con un especial\n\u00e9nfasis en la praxis en cuanto la solicitud de cupos escolares, permanencia,\nextra-edad, servicios complementarios (transporte y Plan de Alimentaci\u00f3n Escolar,\n(en adelante PAE), capacidad ins\ufffdtucional (planta \ufffdsica, docente y mobiliario).\n\n\nPor otro lado, la implementaci\u00f3n del ETPV, ha generado otras posibilidades de\nrespuestas frente al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n, sin embargo, persisten algunas barreras, retos y oportunidades que se espera reconocer desde una estrategia para la\nincidencia p\u00fablica y pol\u00ed\ufffdca en el AMB, a trav\u00e9s de di\u00e1logos mul\ufffd-actor con referentes de las secretarias de Educaci\u00f3n Territorial, Ins\ufffdtuciones Educa\ufffdvas (en adelante IE), Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (en adelante OSC), Organizaciones\nhumanitarias y, madres y padres de familia provenientes de Venezuela.\n\n\nSeg\u00fan el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional (en adelante MEN), actualmente en\nSantander se encuentran matriculados 444. 049 de los cuales 27.615 NNA son de\norigen venezolano, lo que equivale al 6,2 % del total matriculados en el departamento. En AMB, se encuentran matriculados 15.749 NNA provenientes de Venezuela, lo cual equivale al 57% del total de matr\u00edculas en Santander. Respecto a los\nre\ufffdros del sistema escolar, para el a\u00f1o 2022 en el AMB se presentaron 1.395 casos\n\n\n**3** _Abello et al. (2011), Herramientas Escolares de Educaci\u00f3n en Emergencias. Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Colombiano._\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\nde NNA venezolanos, lo que corresponde al 9% del total de matr\u00edculas del AMB;\ncifra que supera el total de re\ufffdros de NNA colombianos en el departamento con un\n2,1% . **4**\n\n\nEstas cifras, sumadas a la informaci\u00f3n de vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n y barreras de acceso\nal derecho fundamental a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA provenientes de Venezuela, suministrada por las dis\ufffdntas organizaciones humanitarias y de cooperaci\u00f3n que hacen\npresencia en el AMB, prende las alarmas sobre la situaci\u00f3n en el marco del derecho\nde NNA provenientes de Venezuela en el departamento el AMB, raz\u00f3n por la cual,\ndesde el Sector Local de Protecci\u00f3n (en adelante SLP) del Grupo Inter Agencial de\nFlujos Migratorios Mixtos (en adelante GIFMM), surgi\u00f3 la inicia\ufffdva de iden\ufffdficar,\nanalizar e incidir sobre estas realidades. Si bien, en el marco norma\ufffdvo desde el\nMEN se han impar\ufffddo lineamientos y rutas para la atenci\u00f3n de este grupo poblacional, se reconocen brechas en cuanto a permanencia, servicios complementarios\nen educaci\u00f3n, cobertura y modelos de educaci\u00f3n flexibles que respondan a las\ndemandas emergentes de NNA en extra-edad.\n\n\nAsimismo, atendiendo a la Alerta Temprana 028 de 2021 de la Defensor\u00eda del\nPueblo, en el AMB los-as NNA venezolanos est\u00e1n en riesgo de reclutamiento,\nabuso y peores formas de trabajo infan\ufffdl. Con el fin de prevenir o mi\ufffdgar sus efectos, debe entenderse que la sociedad, Ins\ufffdtucionalidad, la familia y las ins\ufffdtuciones educa\ufffdvas son corresponsables de proporcionar un clima seguro que garan\ufffdce\nlos aprendizajes propuestos y la mi\ufffdgaci\u00f3n de los riesgos sobre NNA en contextos\n\n**5**\n\nde vulnerabilidad .\n\n\n\n**4** _Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional. (2022). Visor Matricula, recuperado el 15 de diciembre de 2022 de:_\n\n_https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiY2VmN2I3ZDQtNmMwMy00MGNkLWEwNmQtMTFmOTk2ZTc5NGMxIiwidCI6IjMxZmNmYjNmLThhMGItNGFiNS1iNzkyLTc0YzkwNjJiOWM4ZSIsImMiOjR9_\n\n\n**5** _Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo. (2021). Alerta Temprana,028. https://alertasstg.blob.core.windows.net/alertas/028-21.pdf_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3**\n\n###### CONSTRUCCI\u00d3N DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE INICIDENCIAS\n# **2**\n\n\n**La construcci\u00f3n de la estrategia de incidencia para la garan\ufffda del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA venezolanos (as) no escolarizados**\n**en el AMB se llev\u00f3 a cabo entre tres momentos:**\n\n\n**A. Iden\ufffdficaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1ez refugiada, migrante y retornada no escolarizada**\n\n\nMediante la aplicaci\u00f3n de un instrumento de recolecci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n desde la herramienta Kobo, la cual, fue diligenciada entre los meses de agosto y octubre\nde 2022, por los socios del Sector Local de Protecci\u00f3n del GIFMM Santander y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. A trav\u00e9s de ella, se registraron un total de 143\n\n\n\n\n\n**80**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**73**\n**68**\n\n\n**2**\n\n\nIrregular PPT SC2\n\n_Solicitantes de_\n_la condici\u00f3n de_\n_refugiados_\n\n\n\n_Fuente: elaboraci\u00f3n propia, con base en la informaci\u00f3n recolectada en el KOBO_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**B. Di\u00e1logos mul\ufffdactor**\n\n\nEn los meses de julio y diciembre del 2022, se cont\u00f3 con la par\ufffdcipaci\u00f3n de\nactores claves en escenarios dial\u00f3gicos, que permi\ufffderon reconocer desde sus\ndis\ufffdntas experiencias y roles lo que ha significado y significa la acogida de la\npoblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela desde la garan\ufffda del derecho a la\neducaci\u00f3n, a trav\u00e9s de una lectura de pasado, presente y con oportunidades\nde pensar el futuro deseado. Este ejercicio dial\u00f3gico fue posible gracias a la\nar\ufffdculaci\u00f3n con las Secretar\u00edas de Educaci\u00f3n Municipal (en adelante SEM),\nquienes focalizaron en cada municipio del AMB tres ins\ufffdtuciones educa\ufffdvas\ncon mayor n\u00famero de deserci\u00f3n escolar o de matr\u00edculas de la poblaci\u00f3n de\ninter\u00e9s. En cada una se mo\ufffdv\u00f3 la par\ufffdcipaci\u00f3n de dos representantes en\ncalidad de docentes, rector\u00eda, coordinaci\u00f3n y orientaci\u00f3n escolar; as\u00ed mismo;\ncomo se mencion\u00f3 anteriormente, par\ufffdciparon 17 cuidadores-as de ni\u00f1as,\nni\u00f1os y adolescentes; organizaciones humanitarias y de Cooperaci\u00f3n como\nCIDEMOS, Programa Juntos aprendemos- USAID, SAMARITAN\u00b4S PURSE,\nALDEAS INFANTILES SOS Y GIFMM; enlaces territoriales del \u00e1rea de cobertura\ny calidad educa\ufffdva de cada una de las Secretar\u00edas de educaci\u00f3n del AMB,\nPersoner\u00eda de Floridablanca y Piedecuesta.\n\n\n\n**C. Sistema\ufffdzaci\u00f3n y devoluci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n**\n\n\nLos di\u00e1logos permi\ufffderon iden\ufffdficar barreras, vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n, retos y\noportunidades frente a la garan\ufffda del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n, que\nconsolidaron categor\u00edas importantes de comprensi\u00f3n en clave de\npermanencia, nivelaci\u00f3n, deserci\u00f3n, reconocimiento y aplicabilidad de la\nnorma\ufffdva, capacidades instaladas (\ufffdsicas y humanas), convivencia escolar y\nservicios complementarios de educaci\u00f3n. Los hallazgos fueron compar\ufffddos\na los y las par\ufffdcipantes, SLP y GIFMM, con el prop\u00f3sito de volver sobre los\nhallazgos y permi\ufffdr nuevas reinterpretaciones y lecturas que generaron\nprecisiones, afirmaciones, nuevas reflexiones y finalmente las\nrecomendaciones para garan\ufffdzar el derecho a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA\nvenezolanos no escolarizados en el AMB.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5**\n\n\n###### MARCOS JUR\u00cdDICOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONALES Y NACIONALES\n# **3**\n\n\n\nDECLARACI\u00d3N UNIVERSAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS DE **1948**\nEs un instrumento jur\u00eddico internacional, fue adoptado por la Asamblea General\nde las Naciones Unidas el 10 de diciembre de 1948 en Par\u00eds y recoge en sus 30\nar\ufffdculos los derechos humanos considerados b\u00e1sicos. En cuanto a la educaci\u00f3n\nestablece en el art. 25: derecho a las madres y los ni\u00f1os a \u201ccuidados y asistencia\nespeciales\u201d, as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n a \u201cprotecci\u00f3n social\u201d y en el art. 26: Derecho a la\neducaci\u00f3n: Toda persona \ufffdene derecho a la educaci\u00f3n. La educaci\u00f3n debe ser\ngratuita, al menos en lo concerniente a la instrucci\u00f3n elemental y fundamental.\nLa instrucci\u00f3n elemental ser\u00e1 obligatoria.\n\n\nDECLARACI\u00d3N AMERICANA DE LOS DERECHOS Y DEBERES DEL HOMBRE DE **1948**\nEs un instrumento jur\u00eddico regional, adoptado en la IX Conferencia Internacional\nAmericana, donde en el art. 12, se refiera al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n: Toda persona \ufffdene derecho a la educaci\u00f3n, la que debe estar inspirada en los principios de\nlibertad, moralidad y solidaridad humanas. Asimismo, \ufffdene el derecho de que,\nmediante esa educaci\u00f3n, se le capacite para lograr una digna subsistencia, en\nmejoramiento del nivel de vida y para ser \u00fa\ufffdl a la sociedad.\n\n\nDECLARACI\u00d3N UNIVERSAL DE LOS DERECHOS DEL NI\u00d1O DE **1959**\nEs un instrumento jur\u00eddico internacional, adoptado en 1959, durante la Asamblea\nGeneral de las Naciones Unidas. Este reconocimiento supuso el primer gran consenso internacional sobre los principios fundamentales de los derechos del ni\u00f1o y la\nni\u00f1a. Principio 7 sobre la educaci\u00f3n: El ni\u00f1o \ufffdene derecho a recibir educaci\u00f3n, que\nser\u00e1 gratuita y obligatoria por lo menos en las etapas elementales. Se le dar\u00e1 una\neducaci\u00f3n que favorezca su cultura general y le permita, en condiciones de igualdad\nde oportunidades, desarrollar sus ap\ufffdtudes y su juicio individual, su sen\ufffddo de\nresponsabilidad moral y social, y llegar a ser un miembro \u00fa\ufffdl de la sociedad.\n\n\n**6** _Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, Convenci\u00f3n Sobre los Derechos de los Ni\u00f1os. (UNICEF)._\n\n_https://www.unicef.es/causas/derechos-ninos/convencion-derechos-ninos._\n\n\n\nDECRETO 1067 DE **2015**\nEs un mecanismo de protecci\u00f3n Internacional que establece el procedimiento para\nsolicitar el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado (a) ante la Canciller\u00eda colombiana. Seg\u00fan los lineamientos de la convenci\u00f3n de 1951 \u2013 Estatuto sobre los refugiados y la Declaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena de 1984. \u201cLos NNA refugiados \ufffdenen garan\ufffdzado\nel acceso a la Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica. El proceso de matr\u00edcula es absolutamente gratuito.\nTodos \ufffdenen el mismo derecho. Pueden ser beneficiarios de transporte gratuito y\nPrograma de Alimentaci\u00f3n Escolar (PAE).\u201d **7**\n\n\n**7** _La Agencia de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, Derechos y Obligaciones de solicitantes de asilo. (ACNUR)._\n\n_https://help.unhcr.org/colombia/derechos-y-obligaciones/solicitantes-de-asilo/_\n\n\n\nCONVENCI\u00d3N DE LOS DERECHOS DEL NI\u00d1O DE **1989**\nLa Convenci\u00f3n sobre los Derechos del Ni\u00f1o es el instrumento de los derechos humanos m\u00e1s aceptado universalmente, ra\ufffdficado por todos los pa\u00edses del mundo excepto\nuno . La convenci\u00f3n incorpora todo el rango de derechos humanos -civiles, pol\u00ed\ufffdcos, **6**\nsociales y culturales- de los ni\u00f1os en un \u00fanico documento. La Convenci\u00f3n fue adoptada por la Asamblea General de la ONU el 20 de noviembre de 1989 y que entr\u00f3 en\nvigor en sep\ufffdembre de 1990, establece en el art. 18 lo siguiente: Los padres \ufffdenen\nla responsabilidad primordial de la educaci\u00f3n y desarrollo del ni\u00f1o y 28: el ni\u00f1o \ufffdene\nderecho a la educaci\u00f3n. El Estado debe hacer la educaci\u00f3n primaria obligatoria,\ndisponible y gratuita para todos y favorecer el desarrollo de diferentes formas de\neducaci\u00f3n secundaria, disponibles para todos los ni\u00f1os. La disciplina escolar debe ser\nadministrada de tal forma que sea acorde con la dignidad infan\ufffdl.\n\n\nCONSTITUCI\u00d3N POL\u00cdTICA DE COLOMBIA DE **1991**\nEn su contenido se encuentran los derechos humanos, los derechos fundamentales,\nlos derechos de los ni\u00f1os en los ar\ufffdculos 27,44, 100 y el bloque de cons\ufffdtucionalidad. La educaci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez como un derecho fundamental, los extranjeros gozan\nde los mismos derechos civiles que se conceden a las personas colombianas.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MARCOS JUR\u00cdDICOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONALES Y NACIONALES **6**\n## **3**\n\n\n\nCIRCULAR CONJUNTA 016 DEL 10 DE ABRIL DEL **2018**\nEstablece los lineamientos para la atenci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes procedentes de Venezuela en los establecimientos educa\ufffdvos colombianos, como el\nproceso para la asignaci\u00f3n del grado escolar, focalizaci\u00f3n y priorizaci\u00f3n del Programa de Alimentaci\u00f3n Escolar PAE. El estatus migratorio irregular no es requisito\npara el acceso efec\ufffdvo a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA, toda vez que se pueden matricular\n\n**8**\n\ncon c\u00f3digo NES en el Sistema de Matriculas Estudian\ufffdl (en adelante SIMAT).\n\n\nRESOLUCI\u00d3N 1147 DE **2020** - SECRETAR\u00cdA DE EDUCACI\u00d3N DE\n\nBUCARAMANGA / COBERTURA\nLa Resoluci\u00f3n \ufffdene por objeto establecer el proceso de ges\ufffd\u00f3n de la cobertura\neduca\ufffdva en el Municipio de Bucaramanga, ar\ufffdculando el recurso humano, de\ninfraestructura y la estrategia de permanencia del sistema educa\ufffdvo oficial, con\nel fin de garan\ufffdzar el goce efec\ufffdvo del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n, asegurando la\nprestaci\u00f3n del servicio educa\ufffdvo y su con\ufffdnuidad durante el calendario escolar.\n\n\nRESOLUCI\u00d3N 0298 DE **2020** - ICFES\nSe establecen reglas especiales de iden\ufffdficaci\u00f3n para el examen de validaci\u00f3n del\nbachillerato para los extranjeros venezolanos. Para la respuesta a la migraci\u00f3n\ndesde la Presidencia de la Rep\u00fablica, se discu\ufffd\u00f3 la posibilidad de tomar medidas\ndirigidas favorecer y facilitar la integraci\u00f3n social de los migrantes provenientes\nde Venezuela. En lo que se refiere al ICFES, se concluy\u00f3 que una de esas medidas\nes la presentaci\u00f3n del examen de validaci\u00f3n del bachillerato, aun cuando no se\ncuente con un documento expedido por una autoridad colombiana.\n\n\nDECRETO 216 DE **2021**\nSe establece el procedimiento de regularizaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de\nVenezuela, que deriva en la obtenci\u00f3n del Permiso de Protecci\u00f3n Temporal -PPT.\nEl Registro \u00danico de Migrantes Venezolanos, conocido como RUMV, que repre\n\n\nsenta la primera fase del Estatuto Temporal de Protecci\u00f3n (PPT) seguir\u00e1 ac\ufffdvo\nhasta mayo de 2031, para ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes migrantes que est\u00e9n matriculados en ins\ufffdtuciones educa\ufffdvas que est\u00e9n bajo medidas de protecci\u00f3n del\nICBF o en el Sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes.\n\n\nLEY 2136 DE **2021**\nLas mesas deben coordinar las estrategias municipales y departamentales de\natenci\u00f3n, estabilizaci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, migrante y retornada, as\u00ed como de las comunidades de acogida, desde una perspec\ufffdva de derechos con enfoque de g\u00e9nero, con \u00e9nfasis en la revisi\u00f3n de estrategias sectoriales\ny toma de decisiones para su ges\ufffd\u00f3n. Generando incidencia en las pol\u00ed\ufffdcas p\u00fablicas para la garan\ufffda de los derechos de NNA. Ley 2136 de 2021, CONPES 4100 y\nlos lineamientos de la Presidencia de la Republica para la Conformaci\u00f3n y Operaci\u00f3n de Mesas Migratorias . **9**\n\n\nDIRECTIVA PRESIDENCIAL 05 DEL 31 DE MAYO DE **2022**\nSe dictan los lineamientos sobre el Permiso de protecci\u00f3n Temporal para migrantes venezolanos, como documento v\u00e1lido para acceder a la educaci\u00f3n Inicial,\nb\u00e1sica y superior. Par\u00e1grafo 1 y 2.\n\n\nDECRETO 0078 DE **2023**\nPor medio del cual se crea y reglamenta la Mesa de Ges\ufffd\u00f3n Migratoriaen el Municipio de Floridablanca.\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n**9**\n\n\n\n_N\u00famero establecido por la Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n (NES)._\n\n_Presidencia de la Rep\u00fablica de Colombia. (2021), Lineamientos para la Conformaci\u00f3n y Operaci\u00f3n de Mesas_\n_Migratorias._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7**\n\n###### HALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO\n# **4**\n###### A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n\n\n**4.1.** **Principales vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n iden\ufffdficados en el \u00c1rea Metropolitana**\n\n\nPara el an\u00e1lisis y comprensi\u00f3n respecto a los vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n para las personas refugiadas y migrantes, en el marco de los hallazgos de la estrategia\nde incidencia para la garan\ufffda del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA venezolanos (as) no escolarizados en el AMB, se tendr\u00e1 en cuenta las precisiones\nrealizadas por el ACNUR en la primera edici\u00f3n de los de Vac\u00edos en la protecci\u00f3n Marco de an\u00e1lisis Mejorando la protecci\u00f3n de los refugiados:\n\n\n_(...) Los vac\u00edos en la protecci\u00f3n son el resultado de muchos factores, no solamente de la falta de voluntad de los Estados para asegurar el respeto a los derechos_\n_de los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo, sino tambi\u00e9n de la insuficiente capacidad de muchos Estados para brindar la protecci\u00f3n necesaria. El ACNUR y sus socios_\n_han contribuido a mejorar la protecci\u00f3n que los Estados no pueden o no est\u00e1n dispuestos a dar. Sin embargo, aunque este trabajo ayuda a mejorar la vida de_\n_muchas personas, no es y no puede llegar a ser un sustituto de la responsabilidad y la acci\u00f3n del Estado (...) ._ **10**\n\n\nA lo largo del periodo en el que se desarroll\u00f3 este ejercicio (desde julio hasta diciembre de 2022),\nse iden\ufffdficaron los siguientes vac\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n:\n\n\n\n**Los lineamientos del Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional.** En\ncuanto a est\u00e1ndares e indicadores de deserci\u00f3n educa\ufffdva, no se han\ncontemplado las complejidades en t\u00e9rminos de permanencia escolar de\nNNA provenientes de Venezuela, quienes presentan movilidad\npermanente y cambio de residencia debido a b\u00fasqueda de posibilidades\nde estabilizaci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n, hecho que afecta de manera significa\ufffdva\nla asignaci\u00f3n de recursos por parte del MEN a las SEM. Sumado a esto, se\npresenta la duplicidad de informaci\u00f3n en el SIMAT respecto a la\nasignaci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo NES por mo\ufffdvos de error de digitaci\u00f3n de los\nnombres o documentos de iden\ufffdficaci\u00f3n, situaci\u00f3n que complejiza las\ncifras de deserci\u00f3n educa\ufffdva.\n\n\n\n**Desinformaci\u00f3n, confusi\u00f3n y falta de inter\u00e9s por el**\n**reconocimiento de los nuevos instrumentos jur\u00eddicos.** Se iden\ufffdfic\u00f3 que\nhay desconocimiento por parte de la comunidad educa\ufffdva, funcionarios\ny la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela, frente a los marcos jur\u00eddicos de\nprotecci\u00f3n del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n para NNA venezolanos, lo que\nhace que muchos NNA venezolanos no accedan o no hayan podido\nacceder al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n**10** _La Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados. (2008).Vac\u00edos en la protecci\u00f3n Marco de an\u00e1lisis Mejorando la protecci\u00f3n de los refugiados, (ACNUR), recuperado el 23 de diciembre de:_\n\n_https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/Publicaciones/2009/7074.pdf?view=1_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8**\nHALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n## **4**\n\n\n\n**Asignaci\u00f3n de grado escolar.** Esta se hace de acuerdo con la\ndiscrecionalidad de la IE, lo que ha generado es\ufffdgma\ufffdzaci\u00f3n sobre los saberes y las competencias de NNA provenientes de Venezuela y el incremento de\nestudiantes en situaci\u00f3n de extra-edad. El examen de suficiencia y lo contemplado en la Circular Conjunta 16 del 2018, no se materializa debido a los\ncostos, demandas en t\u00e9rminos de \ufffdempo y la interpretaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n\nque se tenga desde las IE. El Convenio Andr\u00e9s Bello y la tabla de equivalencia\nde grado escolar es desconocido por parte de las Ins\ufffdtuciones educa\ufffdvas y **11**\nla poblaci\u00f3n Migrante, Refugiada y Retornada.\n\n\n**Asignaci\u00f3n de cupo escolar.** Los NNA provenientes de Venezuela\nob\ufffdenen cupos en IE ubicadas a largas distancias del lugar de su residencia,\nlo que genera que los padres opten por no matricularlos o quienes acceden a\nmatricula, deben re\ufffdrarse debido a los altos costos que implica el transporte\npara las familias.\n\n\n**La resoluci\u00f3n del MEN 00335 de 2021 en su Titulo I art. 4** establece\nlos criterios de priorizaci\u00f3n para el acceso al PAE. (Los NNA venezolanos no est\u00e1n\nincluidos en los criterios de priorizaci\u00f3n de la resoluci\u00f3n del MEN).\n\n\n**Asignaci\u00f3n de recursos.** El Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional y\nlos ententes territoriales no asignan recursos suficientes para dar respuesta\na las demandas de infraestructura, talento humano e implementaci\u00f3n de\nnuevos modelos de educaci\u00f3n flexibles en el AMB, que den respuesta, desde\neducaci\u00f3n en emergencia, a las demandas escolares de NNA venezolanos. En\nFloridablanca por ejemplo, debido al riesgo de varias infraestructuras de\ncolegios, estos han sido cerrados, y la \u00fanica soluci\u00f3n que se plante\u00f3 a los\nestudiantes, fue el transporte escolar para desplazarse a colegios m\u00e1s leja\n\n**11** _Convenio Andres Bello. (2020). Tabla Equivalencias. (CAB), recuperado el 15 de diciembre de 2022 en:_\n\n_https://convenioandresbello.org/tabla/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cartilla_Tabla_Equivalencias_2020.pdf_\n\n\n\nnos. La Personer\u00eda de Floridablanca analizar\u00e1 la posibilidad de una acci\u00f3n\npreven\ufffdva en 2023.\n\n\n**Ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia en extra - edad.** Varios NNA que se encuentran en extra - edad, no cuentan con una oferta suficiente de modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles en el AMB. La SEM Bucaramanga sos\ufffdene que los modelos\nest\u00e1n pensados para NNA colombianos y no se ha abordado el enfoque\nmigratorio en los modelos de aceleraci\u00f3n educa\ufffdva. Esta Secretar\u00eda pidi\u00f3 a\nlos rectores de la IE, flexibilizar los criterios de extra-edad sin que esto se\nvuelva una forma de discriminar a los NNA. Por su parte, las IE se\u00f1alaron que\nest\u00e1n desbordadas con NNA que requieren modelos flexibles.\n\n\n**Falta de creaci\u00f3n de las Mesas de ges\ufffd\u00f3n migratoria.** En el AMB\nlos \u00fanicos municipios que cuentan con una Mesa de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos Migratorios es Bucaramanga, que lo hizo mediante el Decreto 052 del\n2020 y Floridablanca con el Decreto 0078 de 2023. Lo que hace que en el\nresto de los municipios haya una limitada respuesta frente a los vac\u00edos de\nprotecci\u00f3n y barreras de acceso a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA provenientes de\nVenezuela. En 2023 estas administraciones deben procurar por su creaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**Ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, hijos de padres venezolanos que nacieron en**\n**pa\u00edses de Sur Am\u00e9rica, que no pueden acogerse al PPT.** Aun no existe claridad sobre la regularizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as (NN) hijos de padres venezolanos\nnacidos en otros pa\u00edses y que en algunos casos est\u00e1n en riesgo de Apatridia.\nEn este sen\ufffddo, en caso de presentarse casos de NNA con este riesgo, la\n\u00fanica alterna\ufffdva es que accedan al procedimiento de la solicitud de reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiados. Si bien estos casos aun no se han\nregistrado en escuelas, si pueden enfrentar retos a futuro.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**9**\nHALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n## **4**\n\n\n**4.1.2.** **Principales barreras para el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n**El estatus migratorio irregular.** Los adolescentes irregulares\npueden acceder a la matricula escolar con c\u00f3digo NES, sin embargo para\ngraduarse y con\ufffdnuar su proceso de formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica, tecnol\u00f3gica o Universitaria deben tener estatus migratorio regular.\n\n\n**El acceso al documento \ufffdsico PPT.** Varios inconvenientes y retrasos\nse presentan con la entrega de los PPT a NNA por m\u00fal\ufffdples razones, que a la\npostre ha generado vulneraci\u00f3n del derecho a la educaci\u00f3n, principalmente a\nadolescentes quienes una vez culminado su ciclo de bachillerato no han logrado\nacceder a su \ufffdtulo de bachiller, por lo que quedan limitados para retomar otros\nestudios o avanzar laboralmente.\n\n\n**Desinformaci\u00f3n del personal en general de las IE.** Pese a la existencia de la circular conjunta 016 del 10 de abril del 2018 del Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, a la difusi\u00f3n que se ha dado de ella, persiste la exigibilidad de documentaci\u00f3n apos\ufffdllada y de regularizaci\u00f3n, para la asignaci\u00f3n de cupo escolar a NNA\nproveniente de Venezuela, con estatus migratorio irregular.\n\n\n**Aseguramiento de NNA al sistema de salud.** Algunas IE exigen a\nlos alumnos, como requisito de matr\u00edcula, contar con una EPS, pues iden\ufffdfican\ncomo un riesgo el cubrimiento limitado del seguro estudian\ufffdl. Este se presenta\nporque las mismas aseguradoras descon\ufffdan de ciertos accidentes ocurridos en\nel colegio, y por lo tanto, requieren de la afiliaci\u00f3n a cualquier en\ufffddad prestadora de salud.\n\n\n\n**La falta de recursos familiares para suplir la alimentaci\u00f3n de NNA.**\nDebido a la situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica que afrontan varias familias venezolanas, no\nalcanzan a suplir la necesidad b\u00e1sica de alimentos, acceso al uniforme, transporte y \u00fa\ufffdles escolares, por estas razones, NNA no asisten a clases.\n\n\nRespecto a lo anterior, este ejercicio de an\u00e1lisis no tuvo como objeto reconocer\nlas afectaciones y las implicaciones en el rendimiento escolar frente a la seguridad alimentaria, pero s\u00ed reconoce la correlaci\u00f3n entre la alimentaci\u00f3n y la garan\ufffda plena del derecho. Adicionalmente hay desconocimiento por parte de algunos padres para acceder a la ruta del Programa de Alimentaci\u00f3n Escolar. En las\nIE los NNA de padres y madres venezolanos que reciben PAE son quienes est\u00e1n\nen grado pre- escolar y colegios de jornada \u00fanica. En el resto de los colegios no\nacceden a estos alimentos porque manifiestan que los NNA venezolanos no\nest\u00e1n dentro de los criterios de vulnerabilidad del MEN.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**10**\nHALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n## **4**\n\n\n**Los costos de los uniformes y \u00fa\ufffdles escolares.** Aunado a lo anterior, los\nescasos recursos familiares no permiten suplir esta necesidad. Las IE dan un \ufffdempo\nl\u00edmite para que el NNA llegue con lo necesario para asis\ufffdr a clases, sin embargo,\npara algunos padres no es suficiente. En el colegio Balbino de Piedecuesta, por\nejemplo, se\u00f1alan que el uniforme es un s\u00edmbolo de protecci\u00f3n para los NNA en\nciertos sectores de alto riesgo, mientras que dentro del colegio, les permite\nminimizar el rechazo de NNA por parte de estudiantes de la comunidad de acogida.\n\n\n**Escasa par\ufffdcipaci\u00f3n y corresponsabilidad de cuidadores.** Se\nobserva escasa par\ufffdcipaci\u00f3n de cuidadores, principalmente en las escuelas de\npadres-madres, entregas de bole\ufffdnes y situaciones m\u00e1s espec\u00edficas que\nrequieren de su acompa\u00f1amiento.\n\n\n**La precariedad econ\u00f3mica de las familias.** Esta situaci\u00f3n conlleva\na que algunos padres legi\ufffdmen el trabajo infan\ufffdl, como mecanismo de\nsubsanar las necesidades b\u00e1sicas insa\ufffdsfechas de la familia, situaci\u00f3n que\ngenera a su vez deserci\u00f3n o ausen\ufffdsmo escolar.\n\n\n**Movilidad permanente de algunas familias.** Ante la falta de\noportunidades para su integraci\u00f3n local o situaciones espec\u00edficas que afrontan,\nmuchas familias venezolanas se ven abocadas a cambiar de barrios, municipios\ne incluso a regresar de manera temporal a Venezuela, lo que implica que los\nNNA abandonen las aulas de clase.\n\n\n**Manuales de convivencia escolar.** Estos manuales que permiten\nreglamentar el comportamiento escolar no han sido actualizados y por tanto\nadolecen de un enfoque migratorio y una ruta para la prevenci\u00f3n y\nafrontamiento de pr\u00e1c\ufffdcas y expresiones de discriminaci\u00f3n a causa del pa\u00eds de\norigen.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**11**\nHALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n## **4**\n\n\n**4.1.3.** **Buenas pr\u00e1c\ufffdcas iden\ufffdficadas**\n\n\nDesde la SEM de Bucaramanga, se destaca la expedici\u00f3n de la Resoluci\u00f3n 1147 de 2020 con especificidad en la atenci\u00f3n y acogida a la\npoblaci\u00f3n migrante venezolana . **12**\n\n\nEl cumplimiento por parte de la SEM de Bucaramanga, de la Resoluci\u00f3n 7797 del 2015 del MEN, en lo referente al proceso de asignaci\u00f3n\nde cupo escolar.\n\n\nPor parte de la SEM de Gir\u00f3n, la apertura de nuevos cursos en el marco de los modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles que beneficia a NNA\nvenezolanos. Teniendo en cuenta las posibilidades de educaci\u00f3n formal en el marco de los modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles, se iden\ufffdfica con\noportunidad de cerrar los vac\u00edos y barreras frente al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA provenientes de Venezuela, los siguientes modelos de\neducaci\u00f3n flexible:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA **12**\n## **4**\n\n\nEn cuanto a la solicitud de cupos escolares, se reconoce que son las IE quienes de manera aut\u00f3noma realizan la asignaci\u00f3n de cupos.\nEn este sen\ufffddo, actualmente en el AMB, se implementan los modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles presentados en la tabla.\n\n\n**Tabla 2: Modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles: Aceleraci\u00f3n del aprendizaje y caminar en secundaria en el AMB.**\n\n\n\n**ACELERACI\u00d3N DEL**\n**APRENDIZAJE**\n**(PRIMARIA)**\n\n\n\n**ACELERACI\u00d3N DEL**\n**APRENDIZAJE**\n**(PRIMARIA)**\n\n\n\n**CAMINAR EN**\n**SECUNDARIA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**13**\nHALLAZGOS IDENTIFICADOS FRENTE A LA GARANT\u00cdA DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACI\u00d3N DE NNA VENEZOLANOS EN COLOMBIA\n\n\nLos convenios que ha realizado la SEM de Piedecuesta con IE privadas para ampliar los cupos escolares y favorecer la matr\u00edcula de NNA\nvenezolanos.\n\n\nEn algunas IE se ha promovido la integraci\u00f3n socio cultural de poblaci\u00f3n colombiana y venezolana desde escenarios educa\ufffdvos, en las\ndis\ufffdntas \u00e1reas del conocimiento y fes\ufffdvidades-conmemoraciones, lo\nque ha significado fortalecer pr\u00e1c\ufffdcas de arraigo a los territorios de\norigen y la sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre la complejidad de la migraci\u00f3n\nvenezolana.\n\n\nEl consultorio jur\u00eddico de la Universidad indistrial de Santander (UIS)\nha acompa\u00f1ado la reconstrucci\u00f3n del manual de convivencia en el\ncolegio Santander, desde las l\u00edneas de migraci\u00f3n, convivencia, disciplinario, genero, migraci\u00f3n, discapacidad e inclusi\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa ar\ufffdculaci\u00f3n entre las organizaciones humanitarias y de cooperaci\u00f3n internacional con los entes territoriales han favorecido escenarios de integraci\u00f3n desde la regulaci\u00f3n, capacitaci\u00f3n y sensibilizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa ar\ufffdculaci\u00f3n entre la SEM de Bucaramanga y USAID con la estrategia de b\u00fasqueda ac\ufffdva en la comuna 10 de Bucaramanga, favoreci\u00f3\nla iden\ufffdficaci\u00f3n de NNA no escolarizados y la asignaci\u00f3n de cupos\nescolares en las IE con la disponibilidad.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### RECOMENDACIONES\n# **5**\n\nInstarlas a SEM del AMB, para que posicionen y promuevan acciones en l\u00ednea de\nla educaci\u00f3n en emergencia en el AMB, teniendo en cuenta los vac\u00edos y barreras\nen t\u00e9rminos de acceso, calidad y permanencia educa\ufffdva para NNA provenientes\nde Venezuela. Las capacidades instaladas no son suficientes para la garan\ufffda\nplena del derecho, las complejidades del fen\u00f3meno migratorio han desbordado\nlas posibilidades de respuesta e integraci\u00f3n de las IE del AMB. As\u00ed mismo, existe\npreocupaci\u00f3n por los riesgos asociados al deterioro de la infraestructura de\nalgunas IE en el AMB, incluso cierre de algunas de ellas, como medida de\nprevenci\u00f3n de ges\ufffd\u00f3n del riesgo, hecho que ha generado graves afectaciones a\nla permanencia y calidad educa\ufffdva.\n\n\nMovilizar recursos y voluntades desde el MEN y las SEM en t\u00e9rminos de\ninfraestructura, talento humano, material pedag\u00f3gico para la apertura y\nsostenibilidad de modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles y servicios complementarios de\neducaci\u00f3n (transporte escolar y Programa de Alimentaci\u00f3n Escolar), que\ndisminuyan las brechas y barreras de inclusi\u00f3n y permanencia frente al derecho\na la educaci\u00f3n, tanto para NNA provenientes de Venezuela (en extra- edad para\ncursar el grado escolar correspondiente) y connacionales que con las\ncomplejidades del periodo de pandemia abandonaron el sistema educa\ufffdvo o no\nlograron apropiar las competencias y potenciar las capacidades\ncorrespondientes a su a\u00f1o escolar debido a las brechas tecnol\u00f3gicas y las crisis\nsocioecon\u00f3micas y familiares.\n\n\nInstar al MEN y las SEM a realizar la revisi\u00f3n y depuraci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n\nduplicada en el SIMAT, correspondiente a la asignaci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo NES a NNA\nproveniente de Venezuela, causada por errores en el diligenciamiento de los\ndatos personales.\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\nExhortar a Migraci\u00f3n Colombia y las IE del AMB el Fortalecimiento y la\nar\ufffdculaci\u00f3n entre los sistemas de informaci\u00f3n de Migraci\u00f3n Colombia (SIRE) y\nlas IE del AMB, que permita el intercambio de datos con fines de garan\ufffda de\nderechos.\n\n\nExpedici\u00f3n de circulares por parte de las SEM con fines de instar a las IE a\nactualizar la informaci\u00f3n correspondiente al c\u00f3digo NES asignado en el SIMAT a\nNNA con estatus migratorio irregular en su momento de matr\u00edcula en la IE.\n\n\nInstar a las SEM del AMB a escalar de manera conjunta la solicitud ante el MEN\nsobre la apremiante necesidad de flexibilizar los est\u00e1ndares e indicadores de\ndeserci\u00f3n educa\ufffdva en las IE, teniendo en cuenta las complejidades asociadas al\nfen\u00f3meno migratorio proveniente de Venezuela.\n\n\nInstar a las secretarias del Interior del AMB la consolidaci\u00f3n de las Mesas de\nCoordinaci\u00f3n Migratoria en cada municipio del AMB, adem\u00e1s de la inclusi\u00f3n en\nsus planes de trabajo del componente de educaci\u00f3n (acceso, cobertura,\nTransporte escolar y PAE), que permita dar respuesta coordinada y oportuna a\nlas emergencias y brechas en cada territorio.\n\nConstruir una ruta ar\ufffdculada para la iden\ufffdficaci\u00f3n e inclusi\u00f3n de NNA no\nescolarizados-as, que comprenda a las organizaciones humanitarias, de\ncooperaci\u00f3n y SEM, en aras a garan\ufffdzar el derecho desde un enfoque integral\ncon estrategias de recuperaci\u00f3n de matr\u00edcula, inclusi\u00f3n y permanencia.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**15**\nRECOMENDACIONES\n## **5**\n\n\n\nInstar a las SEM AMB, IE, OBC y SLP, la construcci\u00f3n de una estrategia\npedag\u00f3gica y de comunicaci\u00f3n con la comunidad educa\ufffdva y liderazgos\ncomunitarios. que permita en todos los niveles el reconocimiento y\nmaterializaci\u00f3n de la norma\ufffdvidad vigente de protecci\u00f3n y derechos de la\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante provenientes de Venezuela, y sensibilizaci\u00f3n\nsobre las afectaciones asociadas a los flujos migratorios mixtos, que permita\nadquirir herramientas para acompa\u00f1ar y responder en clave de derechos.\n\n\nInstar a las SEM AMB, IE, OB y SLP, la elaboraci\u00f3n de una estrategia de difusi\u00f3n\nde la informaci\u00f3n mediante medios de comunicaci\u00f3n comunitarias, voz a voz,\nperifoneo, afiches, folletos, as\u00ed como material audiovisual para difusi\u00f3n por\nmedios digitales, estrategia de comunicaci\u00f3n y difusi\u00f3n del derecho a la\neducaci\u00f3n de los NNA venezolanos.\n\n\nExhortar a las SEM del AMB, para que establezcan una ruta clara sobre la\nasignaci\u00f3n del grado escolar para ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en las IE seg\u00fan la\nTabla de Equivalencias, (CAB), teniendo en cuenta que desde la discrecionalidad\nde las ins\ufffdtuciones se han presentado situaciones de no conformidad con las\nasignaciones, las cuales han sido discreci\u00f3n de la IE.\n\n\nSolicitar al GIFMM Santander extender el llamado e invitaci\u00f3n a las\norganizaciones humanitarias y de cooperaci\u00f3n internacional que abordan la\nl\u00ednea de educaci\u00f3n, a hacer presencia y emprender estrategias de\ncomplementariedad en el AMB, atendiendo la oportunidad y urgencia del\nterritorio frente al fortalecimiento de los modelos educa\ufffdvos flexibles y\nservicios complementarios de educaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nPromover en las IE ac\ufffdvidades de car\u00e1cter complementario a la educaci\u00f3n\nformal, para NNA que permitan potenciar capacidades y hacer uso adecuado del\n\ufffdempo libre a trav\u00e9s de estrategias recrea\ufffdvas, depor\ufffdvas, culturales, ar\ufffds\ufffdcas\ne iden\ufffdtarias que fortalezcan el desarrollo integral de la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nImpulsar, desde las SEM del AMB e IE, la revisi\u00f3n de los manuales de convivencia\ny los proyectos educa\ufffdvos ins\ufffdtucionales, la oportunidad para incluir el enfoque\nmigratorio en clave de integraci\u00f3n a la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela, y\nrutas sobre sensibilizaci\u00f3n y respuesta frente a pr\u00e1c\ufffdcas de discriminaci\u00f3n a\ncausa de la xenofobia.\n\n\nInstar al MEN y SEM del AMB, a movilizar estrategias en t\u00e9rminos de recursos y\ntalento humano para garan\ufffdzar cobertura y sostenibilidad de los procesos de\neducaci\u00f3n inclusiva para ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia con discapacidad, proveniente de\nVenezuela.\n\n\nPromover con cuidadores (as) de NNA venezolanos no escolarizadas estrategias\npedag\u00f3gicas que permitan favorecer escenarios de corresponsabilidad,\nprotecci\u00f3n y garan\ufffda de los derechos de NNA.\n\n\nPromover el cumplimiento por parte de las SEM del AMB de la Resoluci\u00f3n 7797\ndel 2015 del MEN, respecto al proceso de asignaci\u00f3n de cupo escolar en las\nsecretarias de educaci\u00f3n del departamento de Santander.\n\n\nSolicitar al SLP la elaboraci\u00f3n del plan de acci\u00f3n, que busque promover el\ndesarrollo de las recomendaciones, seg\u00fan la responsabilidad de cada Ins\ufffdtuci\u00f3n\nu organizaci\u00f3n que le corresponda, asignando fechas para el cumplimiento de\nlos obje\ufffdvos determinados en la Estrategia de incidencia para la garan\ufffda del\nderecho a la educaci\u00f3n de NNA venezolanos (as) no escolarizados en el AMB.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En el marco de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7997225-650e-4d97-a0cc-b4e4f9d36945/Estrategia%20de%20incidencia%20para%20la%20garant%C3%ADa%20del%20derecho%20a%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ni%C3%B1os%2C%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20adolescentes%20venezolanos%20%28as%29%20no%20escolarizados%20en%20el%20%C3%A1rea%20metropolitana%20de%20Bucaramanga%20-%20Santander.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_372/raw/doc_372_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_372/raw/doc_372_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f935213e74d82665a620ee597078bf9420fb4d42..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_372/raw/doc_372_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,374 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n||||||**77**|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n||||||**3**|\n||||||**2**
**17**|\n||||||**4**|\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nEthiopia has traditionally pursued policies through which it provides asylum-seekers and refugees with\naccess to its territory, asylum, safety, and services provided by the Administration for Refugee and\nReturnee Affairs (ARRA), UNHCR and international humanitarian partners. Ethiopia has also pursued an\nencampment policy for most of the refugee populations with restrictions on movement, access to public\nservices and economic inclusion. Between 2017 and 2020, many of these restrictions were lifted with the\nadoption of a range of policies and administrative instruments, but some restrictions were subsequently\nreimposed by subsidiary legislation. A listing of relevant policy measures, the most significant of which is\n[the Refugees Proclamation No 1110/2019 of 27 February 2019 (the Refugees Proclamation), from 2017\u2013](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n2020 includes:\n## \u2022 [The release of a ] [Roadmap for Ethiopia\u2019s Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) in]\n\n[August 2017](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62655) setting out how the Government of Ethiopia would implement pledges for more progressive\nrefugee policies announced at the 2016 Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees.\n\n[[ne the Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs ]](https://www.eia.nl/documenten/00000443.pdf)\n## \u2022 [The adoption of ][Proclamation No 1097/2018 to Def]\n[of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia](https://www.eia.nl/documenten/00000443.pdf) (Proclamation No 1097/2018) in October 2018, which\nrestructures ARRA from an Administration within the National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS)\ninto an Agency under the newly created Ministry of Peace.\n\n[(Refugees Proclamation) by the Council of ]\n## \u2022 [The adoption of ] [Refugees Proclamation No 1110/2019]\nMinisters on 27 February 2019, thereby demonstrating the new Government\u2019s commitment to more\nprogressive refugee policies.\n## \u2022 [The adoption in September 2019 of ][Directive No 01/2019 to Determine the Conditions for Movement ]\n\n[and Residence of Refugees Outside of Camps (the Directive on Freedom of Movement) and Directive](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f1b924.html)\n[02/2019 to Determine the Procedures for Refugees Right to Work (the Directive on Refugees Right to](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a503084.html)\nWork).\n\n[nalization of the ] [[N][ational Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (][NCRRS) in September ]](about:blank)\n## \u2022 [The f]\n[2019, which has so far not been adopted by the Council of Ministers.](https://teams.microsoft.com/l/file/B9620E07-9FB9-4215-97F7-79DA99319934?tenantId=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&fileType=docx&objectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%2FShared%20Documents%2FRefugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)%2FData%20collection%20templates%20-%20RPRF%2FEthiopia%2FDocuments%2FNCRRS%20draft.docx&baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate&serviceName=teams&threadId=19:c4c08892c23a468b8829b4d19c16502d@thread.skype&groupId=1e3dd932-ee2d-442b-b2d5-d97d9711413a)\n## \u2022 [The adoption of ] [Directive No 03/2019 to Handle Grievances from Refugees and Returnees ] [(the ]\n\nDirective on Refugee Grievances) in December 2019.\n## \u2022 [The adoption of Proclamation No 1113/2019, ][the Organizations of Civil Societies Proclamation][.][ While ]\n\nnot directly linked to refugee management, this Proclamation lifted several policy limitations that had\nprevented local civil society organizations from working to promote conflict resolution, justice and law\nenforcement services that are crucial for refugee protection at the sub-national level.\n\n\nInternationally, the Government continued to play its role as a global leader in refugee affairs and cohosted the 2019 Global Refugee Forum in Geneva. There, the Government made additional policy pledges\nto (i) create up to 90,000 socioeconomic opportunities through agricultural and livestock value chains that\nbenefit both refugees and host communities; (ii) provide skills training to 20,000 hosts and refugees, (iii)\nprovide energy solutions for three million people and to strengthen the Government\u2019s asylum and social\nprotection capacity. These pledges build on and reinforce nine policy pledges that the Government made\nbefore at the Leaders\u2019 Summit in September 2016. All policy pledges are envisioned to be taken forward\n[within the overall framework and thematic focus areas of the 2017 CRRF Roadmap.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62655)\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nNational fiscal/budget policies and mechanisms can be applied to provide for timely additional financial\ntransfers at national level to areas that are economically affected by the presence of refugees. The\n[Government\u2019s Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) financed by the World](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/535531468203680831/pdf/SFG1888-SA-P152822-Box394869B-PUBLIC-Disclosed-3-7-2016.pdf)\nBank is one example of a programme that uses the national budget/expenditure and planning mechanism\nto provide additional financial support for policy priorities in such areas. The implementation of policies\nand devolved planning processes is limited due to a lack of technical assistance and financial resources\nfor sub-national government institutions.\n\n\n[The 2016 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) provides social safety nets for all Ethiopians, including](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action;jsessionid=HYeWPF93r_zfWIR1xU_j30jVmsiNYON98G6CmoMru1EmCrueGuKx!539423187?id=55759)\n[host communities. Two main social safety net programmes exist: The rural Productive Safety Net](https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P146883)\n[Programme (PSNP) and the Urban Productive Safety Net Project (UPSNP). The PSNP targets 8 million](https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P146883)\nEthiopians respectively, based on eligibility criteria relating to food insecurity and vulnerability. Two\nrefugee-hosting regions (Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella) do not meet the PSNP eligibility criteria,\nwhile some of the refugee-hosting regions in which the PSNP is implemented lack data to identify target\npopulations. The UPSNP targets 600,000 low-income Ethiopians living in designated cities. Members of\nrefugee-hosting communities do not effectively benefit from this program since the designated cities do\nnot host significant numbers of refugees.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nNational policies can be applied to identify, prevent, and mitigate potential social tension and risks of\n[violence in refugee-hosting areas (e.g. the 2004 Criminal Code, the 2016\u20132020 National Human Rights](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/70993/75092/F1429731028/ETH70993.pdf)\n[Action Plan, or the two 2016 training manuals on conflict resolution and peacebuilding for district officials](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60af61884.html)\nissued by the Ministry of Pastoral Affairs, now integrated into the Ministry of Peace). Although these laws\nand policies do not directly refer to refugees and host communities, in conjunction with the [Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n[Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) and the [2018 Global Compact on Refugees, they nevertheless apply also to these population](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf)\ngroups and can be implemented in refugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both.\n\n\nImplementation of policies relating to social cohesion is generally limited, as related institutions tend to\nreceive little financing and have limited capacities. In practice, there is a high level of interaction between\nrefugees and host communities in the Tigray, Afar and Somali regions and some interaction in Addis\nAbaba and the Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. Except for Gambella, refugees and hosts\nlargely enjoy amicable relations, even though they may sometimes perceive each other negatively and\ntensions do exist between them. Neither refugees nor hosts are a monolithic category. In many refugeehosting areas, tension between different groups of \u201chosts\u201d and \u201crefugees\u201d, divided by factors such as\nethnicity, clanship, class or perceived wealth, are at least as significant a concern as conflict between\n[refugees and hosts (see also: Impact of Refugees on Hosting Communities in Ethiopia: A Social Analysis,](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/5f30de794d055a0ce6f2e4c1/1597038283201/Impact-of-Refugees-on-Hosting-Communities-in-Ethiopia-A-Social-Analysis.pdf)\n[2020, hereafter referred to as Social Analysis 2020).](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/5f30de794d055a0ce6f2e4c1/1597038283201/Impact-of-Refugees-on-Hosting-Communities-in-Ethiopia-A-Social-Analysis.pdf)\n\n\nAs part of Ethiopia\u2019s local governance systems, informal and formal local mechanisms exist that promote\npeaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities or citizen engagement. A small number of these include\nrefugees, such as the district level peace committees in Melkadida, Gambella and Somali regions and a\nnumber of customary dispute resolution mechanisms.\n\n\nARRA has established community-based governance structures in all the refugee camps and in Addis\nAbaba (see also section 2.3). These do not tend to include host community members from the outset, but\nthey generally connect with similar structures in the host community to resolve issues and promote social\ncohesion. ARRA is drafting guidelines for the establishment of dedicated \u2018Neighbourhood Relations\nCommittees\u2019 (NRCs) for refugee and host communities as part of the [EOP.](https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P163829)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nNational policies formally protect refugees from discrimination. The [1995 Constitution](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5a84.html) affirms the equality\nof all persons before the law and their entitlement to the protection of the law without any discrimination.\nThe [Refugees Proclamation also states that it shall be applied without discrimination. In practice,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\ndiscrimination may occur in some situations, for instance in relation to gender, nationality, ethnicity and\n[diverse sexual orientation and gender identities (see also: 2020 Social Analysis and Justice Needs and](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/5f30de794d055a0ce6f2e4c1/1597038283201/Impact-of-Refugees-on-Hosting-Communities-in-Ethiopia-A-Social-Analysis.pdf)\n[Satisfaction Survey, February 2020, hereafter referred to as the 2020 JNS Survey).](https://www.hiil.org/projects/justice-needs-and-satisfaction-survey-in-ethiopia/)\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nNational policies exist that can be applied to mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees, for\ninstance, the E-Waste Management Policy (2019), the Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization\nProclamation (No 1065/2018), the [National Energy Policy (2013), the](https://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/laws/1195b.pdf) Solid Waste Management Proclamation\n(No 513/2007) and the [National Environmental Policy (1997). Although these policies and laws do not](http://archive.basel.int/legalmatters/natleg/documents/ethiopia01.pdf)\ndirectly refer to refugees and/or host communities, in conjunction with the [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) and the\n[2018 Global Compact on Refugees,](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4.pdf) they nevertheless also apply to them and can be implemented in\nrefugee-hosting areas to the benefit of both.\n\n\nIn practice, implementation challenges exist for all of the above-mentioned policies. For instance, while\nthere are waste segregation and disposal processes in place in refugee-hosting areas, they are not\neffectively implemented in practice. As for energy, 56 per cent of refugee households have access to\nlighting but only 17 per cent are provided with alternative domestic fuel. The use of wood fuel poses\nsignificant challenges to environmental protection objectives. Water and sanitation policies have, since\n2013, mostly been implemented through the Government\u2019s [ONE WASH National Programme. The](https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/pluginfile.php/172415/mod_resource/content/1/Ethiopias_One_WASH_National_Programme.pdf)\nProgramme covers the entire country, including refugee-hosting areas, but not the refugee camps,\nalthough in some cases refugees have access to the national water supply with international support.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation and Ethiopia\u2019s](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) [2017 CRRF Roadmap](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62655) provide elements for a national\npreparedness framework, including an institutional mechanism to respond to increased or new refugee\ninflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts. Further elements are\nprovided by the draft [NCRRS. Nonetheless, the current (draft) policies do not comprehensively provide for](https://teams.microsoft.com/l/file/B9620E07-9FB9-4215-97F7-79DA99319934?tenantId=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&fileType=docx&objectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%2FShared%20Documents%2FRefugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)%2FData%20collection%20templates%20-%20RPRF%2FEthiopia%2FDocuments%2FNCRRS%20draft.docx&baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate&serviceName=teams&threadId=19:c4c08892c23a468b8829b4d19c16502d@thread.skype&groupId=1e3dd932-ee2d-442b-b2d5-d97d9711413a)\nsuch a framework.\n\n\nIn practice, responses to increased or new refugee inflows are guided by annual Refugee Response Plans\n(RRPs) that are developed, coordinated, and implemented through a Refugee Coordination Group (RCG)\nco-chaired by UNHCR and ARRA and involving mostly international humanitarian partners. The RRPs are\nimplemented and the RCGs are functional; however, the latter have no national policy base and are not\nintegrated into national institutional structures, while the former, due to their one-year cycles, are hardly\nsuited for preparedness and response approaches that minimize the medium-term socioeconomic impact\non hosting regions.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\n[Ethiopia has been a State Party to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees since 1969. A](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\nfew reservations have been made, including on the right to work and education. Ethiopia is also a State\nParty to the [1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html) [1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nAspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and other relevant [international and regional instruments. Ethiopia](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true)\nendorsed the Global Compact on Refugees. Refugee-related commitments in these instruments are\nimplemented through the [Refugees Proclamation, the Directive on refugee freedom of movement, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n[Directive on refugees\u2019 right to work and the Directive on refugee grievances, as well as the 2017 CRRF](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a503084.html)\n[Roadmap in conjunction with the national policy framework. Although the Refugees Proclamation retains](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62655)\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe overarching article stating that refugees are entitled to all of the rights and obligations stipulated in the\n1951 and 1969 Refugee Conventions, certain of these are not yet fully in line with international and regional\nnorms and standards, notably the right to lease or use land, the right to work, the rights of children and the\nright to freedom of movement (See respective Policy Sub-Dimensions). However, the Refugees\nProclamation exceeds these standards in relation to the right to acquire and transfer property and is in line\nwith internationally recognized norms and standards for all other rights and obligations of refugees,\nincluding the right to education. It thus represents a retraction of the reservations Ethiopia expressed\nregarding the 1951 Refugee Convention. The right to work also goes beyond the country\u2019s initial\nreservations.\n\n\nFor most of the rights set out in the Refugees Proclamation, implementation has not started or has been\ndelayed due to the absence of further regulations. The latter are still required, in order to provide additional\nguidance on the meaning and scope of the rights granted, to harmonize relevant national and sub-national\nlaws and policies and to clarify the roles and responsibilities of government agencies in their implementation.\n\n\n[While the Refugees Proclamation has been published and disseminated in relevant languages, the three](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\nimplementing directives have not. UNHCR observes gaps in the awareness of refugees and authorities,\nincluding immigration, border management, law enforcement officials, the judiciary and labour and\ninvestment related institutions, regarding applicable refugee policies and procedures.\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) includes the framework for refugee status determination (RSD), and gives\nARRA responsibility for its implementation. The procedures as outlined, including those of the appeal\n[process, are in line with international and regional standards. At the 2019 Global Refugee Forum, ARRA](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\nmade a policy commitment to strengthen its national asylum system, including RSD. Implementation of\nthis pledge has not yet started.\n\n\nSome population groups are granted refugee status by ARRA through a prima facie approach. This covers\nSouth Sudanese, Sudanese from Blue Nile State and South Kordofan, Somalis from South Central Somalia,\nas well as Yemeni nationals arriving in Ethiopia after 1 January 2015. Eritrean nationals previously covered\nby a prima facie approach face new circumstances from January 2020 when the Government announced\na change to the previously applied asylum policy. The details of revised procedures for Eritreans have yet\nto be officially communicated to UNHCR but initial observation suggests that an unknown number of\nEritreans, including unaccompanied and separated children and female headed households, appear to\nhave been denied access to asylum procedures and documentation.\n\n\nAll other nationalities go through individual RSD procedures. In the absence of a functioning government\nsystem for individual RSD, these procedures are currently implemented by UNHCR on behalf of the\nGovernment of Ethiopia. Final decisions on UNHCR recommendations are endorsed by ARRA. Asylumseekers awaiting a decision on their claim largely enjoy the same rights as recognized refugees during the\nwaiting period. The Appeal Hearing Council is not functional. Since April 2020, registration and RSD have\nbeen suspended for new asylum-seekers as part of the Government\u2019s measures to curb the spread of\nCOVID-19.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides asylum-seekers with the right to stay in the country for the duration\nof the RSD procedure. There are no policy limitations such as time limits or renewal/extension requirements.\nSimilarly, once refugee status is granted by ARRA, whether through prima facie or individual RSD\nprocedures, no such policy limitations exist. There are also no reports on limitations in practice.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation also provides for the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement\nin line with international standards. From 2019 to 30 June 2020, there have been no known cases of\nunlawful termination of refugee status by way of cancellation, revocation or cessation; no cases whereby\nrecognized refugees have been expelled on grounds of national security or public order; and no reported\ncases of refoulement. However, border monitoring was reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nrelated measures to close borders and suspend registration, as well as the change in asylum procedure\nfor Eritrean asylum-seekers, could however have important consequences for access to asylum.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe institutional framework for refugee management is provided for by the [2017 CRRF Roadmap,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62655)\n[Proclamation No 1097/2018 and](https://www.eia.nl/documenten/00000443.pdf) [Refugees Proclamation No 1110/2019. At the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) [2019 Global Refugee Forum,](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\nthe Government of Ethiopia made policy commitments to further improve the institutional framework at\n[national and sub-national level. If adopted, the draft NCRRS](https://teams.microsoft.com/l/file/B9620E07-9FB9-4215-97F7-79DA99319934?tenantId=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&fileType=docx&objectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate%2FShared%20Documents%2FRefugee%20Protection%20Assessment%20(Private)%2FData%20collection%20templates%20-%20RPRF%2FEthiopia%2FDocuments%2FNCRRS%20draft.docx&baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdrs-dpcp-RefugeeProtectionAssessmentPrivate&serviceName=teams&threadId=19:c4c08892c23a468b8829b4d19c16502d@thread.skype&groupId=1e3dd932-ee2d-442b-b2d5-d97d9711413a) would further complement the policy base.\n\n\n[Proclamation No 1097/2018 tasks the Council of Ministers with issuing regulations determining the duties](https://www.eia.nl/documenten/00000443.pdf)\nand powers of ARRA. These regulations have so far not been adopted. The Refugees Proclamation\nmandates ARRA to issue detailed Directives to implement the Proclamation. Some provisions also provide\nARRA with specific powers and duties (e.g. RSD), while other provisions remain silent on ARRA\u2019s or other\ninstitutions\u2019 institutional responsibilities (e.g. right to education).\n\n\nThere are no provisions on broader coordination responsibilities for refugee management in Proclamation\n[No 1097/2018 or Refugees Proclamation No 1110/2019. However, the 2017 CRRF Roadmap for the](about:blank)\n[implementation of nine (9) \u2018pledges\u2019 made by the Government of Ethiopia in 2016, and the draft NCRRS,](about:blank)\nset out a national institutional framework that involves sectoral ministries and donors. The Roadmap\ndefined an intergovernmental, multi-partner Steering Committee (SC) under the leadership of the Office\nof the Prime Minister, co-chaired by ARRA, the Ministry of Finance and UNHCR. The SC was supported by\na National Coordination Office (NCO) providing secretariat and technical services, which by mid-2018\nincluded support from two United Nations agencies (UNDP and UNICEF) and with a development adviser\n[position under discussion for a donor contribution. The 2017 CRRF Roadmap is not specific on a structure](about:blank)\n[to coordinate between national and sub-national levels of Government, but the draft NCRRS, and related](about:blank)\nRegional Action Plans, will theoretically provide for this.\n\n\nThe SC and NCO were highly functional and supported by a broad range of partners and ministries from\nlate 2017 into 2018. However, with changes in the management of ARRA, and a series of competing\npriorities in Government overall, ARRA was unable to prioritize maintaining the defined broad governmental\ncoordination mechanisms of the SC and NCO \u2013 favouring some form of coordination that had more direct\noversight from ARRA and was hosted fully within ARRA. This has yet to be defined by ARRA, and many\nactors have voiced concerns over the demise of a functional broad-governmental system, which was fully\naligned with the spirit of the GCR/CRRF. The SC and NCO have now been dormant since 2019.\n\n\nRefugee community governance structures established by ARRA in all the refugee camps and in Addis\nAbaba serve, inter alia, to obtain refugee input and feedback on decisions taken by the Government. In\nthe camps, these include Refugee Central Committees (RCCs), community safety groups (Shurta), parent\nand teacher associations (PTAs), as well as associations for women, youth and persons with disabilities. In\nAddis Ababa, these include Refugee Community Representatives (RCRs) and a system of refugee incentive\nworkers called Refugee Outreach Volunteers (ROVs). Furthermore, [Directive No 03/2019 sets out](https://www.coursehero.com/file/77988168/Refugee-Draft-Directive-2pdf/)\ngrievance mechanisms relating to misconduct committed by ARRA. Sexual exploitation and abuse are not\ncovered by the Directive.\n\n\nThe RCCs and RCRs are functional and meet with ARRA, UNHCR and other national and international\npartners on a regular basis. They are elected by refugees themselves. Their membership takes age,\ngender and diversity considerations into account, although this is not always meaningfully applied. The\nlevel of functionality of the other structures may vary from group to group or area to area. Implementation\nof Directive No 03/2019 has not yet begun.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census in Ethiopia, although first steps\nhave been taken to include refugees in administrative data collection systems. ARRA has been providing\nrefugee vital events data to the Immigration Nationality and Vital Events Agency (INVEA) since November\n2017. Similarly, ARRA has been providing refugee data to the Ministry of Education (MoE) since the\n2016/2017 academic year. As of 2019, the MoE has begun to include this data in its Education Management\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9887886643409729, - "start": 800, - "end": 803 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9931332468986511, - "start": 804, - "end": 805 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8656629323959351, - "start": 842, - "end": 843 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.969254195690155, - "start": 791, - "end": 792 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ARRA", - "confidence": 0.5263286828994751, - "start": 821, - "end": 822 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6592773199081421, - "start": 791, - "end": 792 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee vital events data", - "confidence": 0.5400148630142212, - "start": 825, - "end": 829 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7994822263717651, - "start": 791, - "end": 792 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nInformation System (EMIS) (see also the [2019 Education Sector Annual Abstract (ESAA).](http://www.moe.gov.et/storage/Books/Education%20Statistics%20Annual%20Abstract%20March%202019%20-%20September%202020.pdf)\n\n\nThere is one example of an initial step towards the inclusion of refugees in national survey data. The JNS\nSurvey conducted in February 2020 in the Tigray and Somali regions by ARRA, UNHCR and the Hague\nInstitute for the Innovation of Law (HiiL) applied the same methodology as used by the Attorney General\u2019s\nOffice (AGO) for a national survey to inform justice sector strategy development.\n\n\nAt sectoral level, several steps have been taken to include refugees in education sector planning in\naddition to the inclusion of refugee data in EMIS (see section 4.1).\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides that all recognized refugees and asylum-seekers be issued with an\n\u201cidentity paper\u201d attesting to their identity and a travel document for the purpose of travel abroad. The\n[Government has initiated the development of a national identity programme and in 2020 published its](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/oakeshot_unhcr_org/EcrZvRiPXVhOptlSDT6WzAUB8hSh2Zk3M0AEzLqvdNRupQ?e=dt3ze1&wdLOR=c55F8D6B4-B85C-46AE-B946-2B2836CC8139)\n[national digital strategy 2025. While they do not explicitly refer to refugees, the latter two initiatives will](https://www.pmo.gov.et/media/other/b2329861-f9d7-4c4b-9f05-d5bc2c8b33b6.pdf)\nfurther strengthen the policy base to advance refugees\u2019 access to official identification and their digital\ninclusion.\n\n\nIn 2019, ARRA and UNHCR jointly completed a verification exercise at the level of individual comprehensive\nregistration. The verification exercise provided 74 per cent of all refugees and asylum-seekers aged 14\nyears and over with individual identity documents (refugee ID cards) and 100 per cent of the refugee\nhouseholds received household-level identity documents (proof of registration). This represented a\nsignificant rise in the level of coverage from 2 per cent of the refugee population prior to the verification\nexercise. Of the refugees surveyed as part of the 2020 JNS Survey, 97 per cent confirmed that they\nindeed had a refugee identity document.\n\n\nIn refugee hosting areas, law enforcement authorities recognize refugee ID cards. The immigration\nauthorities recognize, under certain conditions, refugee travel documents. Relevant private sector entities\nincreasingly recognize refugee ID cards, although challenges persist (see section 3.4).\n\n\nRefugees Proclamation No 1110/2019 and the [2012 Registration of Vital Events Proclamation as amended](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ec7f94d4.html)\nby Proclamation No 1049/2017 provide that refugees are required to register vital events that occur in the\nhost country and are entitled to receive appropriate certification. Both Proclamations mandate ARRA to\nprovide civil registration services to refugees on behalf of INVEA, including the registration of births,\ndeaths, divorces and marriages and issuance of the corresponding certificates. Despite the fact that the\nrelevant proclamations on Registration of Vital Events provides for either parent to register the birth of a\nchild (Art 26), national practice tends to require the presence of both parents. This can result in obstacles\n[to the birth registration of refugee children from single-parent households. At the 2019 United Nations](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G19/206/10/PDF/G1920610.pdf?OpenElement)\n[Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic Review, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs supported a](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G19/206/10/PDF/G1920610.pdf?OpenElement)\n[recommendation to address this. Also at the 2019 High Level Segment on Statelessness and the 2019](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\n[Global Refugee Forum, the Government made policy commitments to simplify and improve access to birth](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\nregistration and civil documentation.\n\n\nCivil registrations of refugees began in 2017 following amendment of the Vital Events Proclamation;\nhowever, infrastructure and resource limitations have limited the scope of coverage.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThe 2020 JNS Survey in the Tigray and Somali regions found comparable perceptions of safety between\nrefugees and host communities. Such surveys have not been conducted in other refugee-hosting areas,\nbut UNHCR similarly observes comparable levels of security between refugees and host communities,\nalbeit with some differences. In Gambella, for instance, refugees may enjoy lower levels of security due to\nthe absence of effective mechanisms to screen ex-combatants out of the camps and ongoing ethnic\ntension between refugee and host communities and among refugees themselves. The Government\nsupported a recommendation from the 2019 United Nations Human Rights Council\u2019s Universal Periodic\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nInformation System", - "confidence": 0.6186925172805786, - "start": 2, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7933749556541443, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.5190591216087341, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray and Somali regions", - "confidence": 0.9733209013938904, - "start": 55, - "end": 59 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8097082376480103, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8856169581413269, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JNS Survey", - "confidence": 0.9710447788238525, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8059459924697876, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee hosting areas", - "confidence": 0.7435744404792786, - "start": 360, - "end": 363 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9979591369628906, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9325959086418152, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JNS Survey", - "confidence": 0.9191946387290955, - "start": 663, - "end": 665 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "perceptions of safety between\nrefugees and host communities", - "confidence": 0.7356535792350769, - "start": 673, - "end": 681 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8472585678100586, - "start": 664, - "end": 665 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8365392088890076, - "start": 694, - "end": 695 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray and Somali regions", - "confidence": 0.9657614827156067, - "start": 667, - "end": 671 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9974632263183594, - "start": 662, - "end": 663 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9337171316146851, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nReview to increase security in camps for boys and girls.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation accords refugees the same rights as nationals in terms of access to justice,\nincluding access to legal counselling and assistance as per Ethiopian legislation.\n\n\nIn practice, access to justice is limited for both refugees and host communities because of capacity\nconstraints and physical distance to relevant institutions, although mobile courts are operational in some\nof the refugee camps. Traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are more easily accessible and,\nparticularly in the Somali region, refugees access them in the same way as host communities. Findings\nfrom the 2020 JNS Survey seem to indicate that, overall, refugees experience more legal problems than\nhost communities and nationals living elsewhere in the country, rate these problems as more serious, and\nare less likely to resolve their problems.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation mandates ARRA \u201cto ensure that recognized refugee and asylum-seeker\nwomen shall have equal enjoyment of rights and protections enshrined under relevant laws in particular,\nspecific measures are taken to protect them from gender-based violence\u201d. Various relevant policies to\n[prevent and address gender-based violence (GBV) are in place. These include the 1995 Constitution, the](about:blank)\n[2004 Criminal Code](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/70993/75092/F1429731028/ETH70993.pdf) and the [2000 revised Family Code.](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4c0ccc052.pdf) [Standard Operating Procedures for the Response](http://catalog.iifphc.org/Record/359)\n[and Prevention of Sexual Violence](http://catalog.iifphc.org/Record/359) issued by the Ministry of Health are also in place, and the Government\nis reportedly in the process of developing a sector wide national GBV strategy. These policies are\napplicable to refugee-hosting areas and do not exclude refugees.\n\n\nIn practice, policies are not yet fully implemented, mainly resulting from limited access to relevant services\ndue to capacity constraints. Nonetheless, UNHCR has observed a few cases in which refugee GBV\nsurvivors are referred to and have accessed services from women\u2019s shelters and nearby government-run\nOne-Stop-Centres. In addition, while the law criminalizes GBV and cannot, in principle, be adjudicated by\ntraditional dispute resolution mechanisms, some refugee and host communities still prefer to use such\nmechanisms. These challenges affect refugees and host communities alike, but refugee GBV survivors\nseem to be disproportionally affected (2020 Social Analysis, 2020 JNS Survey).\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation allows refugees to move freely within Ethiopia and choose their place of\nresidence as foreign nationals generally in the same circumstances would. The Directive No 01/2019 to\nDetermine Conditions for Movement and Residence of Refugees Outside of Camps provides, in\ncomplement to the Proclamation, for the implementation modalities of freedom of movement. It allows\nrefugees from all nationalities to live outside camps if they have an Out of Camp permit (OCP) issued by\nARRA for regular residency outside refugee camps. To qualify for one of these, refugees must prove that\nthey meet certain criteria indicating that they can support themselves, whether through self-reliance,\nsponsorship or holding a work permit allowing them to work legally. The Directive also sets out that this\nwould not be available to all refugees and asylum-seekers at the same time but gradually, taking into\naccount the capacity of the Government and other stakeholders to provide for the needs of refugees, the\nprotection space, the capacity of refugees to support themselves, and other appropriate considerations.\nThe Directive also provides that refugees may be given a permit to live in urban areas included in the\nUNHCR urban assistance programme in Addis Ababa, on security/protection, medical and/or humanitarian\ngrounds.\n\n\nIn early 2020, OCP permits were issued to an unknown but presumably large number of Eritrean refugees,\nmost of whom reportedly came to live in Addis Ababa. Since ARRA is yet to expand implementation of the\nDirective to nationalities other than Eritreans, other nationalities have not been able to obtain permits. In\npractice, refugees without an OCP permit generally move around freely in the areas close to the camps.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[The Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with the right to seek wage-earning employment in the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\nformal sector through two channels: either i) under the same conditions as Ethiopian nationals through\nparticipation in labour market joint projects designed by the Government and the international community\n(hereafter referred to as joint projects), for which refugees are issued with a five-year renewable residence\npermit; or ii) under the same conditions as the most favourably treated foreign nationals, who are allowed\nto work without a work permit in the private and public sectors except in national security and similar\n[political establishments (Proclamation No 270/2002). Notwithstanding the rights accorded in the Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5844de2.html)\n[Proclamation, Directive No 02/2019 to Determine the Procedures for Refugees\u2019 Right to Work, as an](about:blank)\nimplementing measure to the Refugees Proclamation, sets out detailed procedures and conditions for\nrefugee participation in joint projects, including the requirement for a three-year residence period in\nEthiopia after refugee status has been obtained. This excludes asylum-seekers from participation in the\njoint projects. The Directive also requires refugees to obtain a work permit similar to other foreign nationals\nfor any other wage-earning employment outside the joint project context, meaning that despite the\nprovisions of the Refugees Proclamation, refugees are actually subject to more restrictions than the most\nfavourably treated foreign nationals, who are not required to obtain work permits to engage in wageearning employment. There are no policy restrictions on wage-earning employment in the informal sector\nin Ethiopia\u2019s national legal framework. There are also discrepancies between the Refugees Proclamation\nand applicable national laws relating to the right to work, such as the labour law (Labour Proclamation No\n1156/2019), the investment law (Investment Proclamation No 1180/2020) and the civil servant law (Federal\nCivil Servants Proclamation No 1064/2017), which will need to be clarified with subsidiary legislation.\n\n\nWork permits are granted only for work that cannot be covered by Ethiopian nationals. They are limited to\na three-year period and are only issued to specific organizations and positions in respect of which the\npermit has been requested. In addition, a service fee is charged for the issuance and renewal of work\npermits (Labour Proclamation No 1156/2019, 2019 Directive for Issuance of Work Permits for Expatriate\nWorkforce, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA). The Refugees\u2019 Right to Work Directive sets out\nsome provisions that may facilitate lifting of restrictions related to documentation, including through a\nMemorandum of Understanding between ARRA and MoLSA that has not yet been signed.\n\n\nAt the 2016 Leadership Summit, the Government of Ethiopia committed to granting work permits to\nrefugees and to constructing industrial parks that could employ up to 100,000 individuals with 30 per cent\nof the jobs being reserved for refugees. By the end of June 2020, ARRA had reportedly issued more than\n2800 residence permits to selected refugees so that they can participate in the [EOP. Some of these](https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P163829)\nrefugees have limited understanding of the rights and obligations associated with residence permits.\n[Apart from these examples, refugees are generally not formally employed (Social Analysis 2020). There](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34267/Impact-of-Refugees-on-Hosting-Communities-in-Ethiopia-A-Social-Analysis.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y)\nare also no known cases of refugees working in the public sector.\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) also provides refugees with the right to open and register businesses in their\nown name on the same basis as the most favourably treated foreign nationals and in accordance with\n[relevant laws. The Refugees\u2019 Right to Work Directive sets out two procedures through which this can be](https://www.coursehero.com/file/77987689/Refugee-Draft-Directive-1pdf/)\ndone: i) Refugees holding a residence permit can open a business through joint projects on the same\nbasis as nationals; and ii) Refugees holding an investment permit can be self-employed in areas of work\nthat are permitted for foreign nationals. However, the procedural requirements restrict refugees more than\nthe most favourably treated foreign nationals. For instance, procedure one excludes asylum-seekers, who\ncannot obtain residence permits, while procedure two sets limitations on the sectors accessible to\nrefugees and requires an investment permit that is subject to capital requirements (Investment Proclamation\nNo 1180/2020). In practice, refugees have been able to open small businesses like shops in the refugee\ncamps without fulfilling these legal requirements.\n\n\n[The Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) [and the Refugees\u2019 Right to Work Directive provide refugees with the same](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a503084.html)\n[worker protections as nationals, in line with applicable national laws. The Civil Servant Proclamation, No](http://www.ecsu.edu.et/sites/www.ecsu.edu.et/files/HR%201064-2017.pdf)\n[1064/2017, provides for worker protections in the public sector, including non-discrimination, protection of](http://www.ecsu.edu.et/sites/www.ecsu.edu.et/files/HR%201064-2017.pdf)\nwomen workers, equal remuneration and the prohibition of child labour, which would on this basis equally\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\napply to refugees working in the public sector. Labour Proclamation No 115/2019 provides for similar\nprotections as regards employment outside the public sphere and is applicable to refugees who hold a\nwork permit.\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) grants refugees who have academic credentials authenticated by the\ncompetent authority the right to practice liberal professions on the same basis as the most favourably\ntreated foreigners. Liberal professions are regulated under different legislation, most of which does not\nrestrict foreigners from engaging in these practices except in a few cases, such as that regulating legal\npractice. In practice, there are no known cases of refugees engaging in liberal professions and there are\ndiscrepancies between the Refugees Proclamation and the various profession-specific regulations that\nstand in the way of smooth implementation of the right to exercise liberal professions. Legal harmonization\nand awareness-raising are needed in order to resolve these issues.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[The State owns all land in Ethiopia (1995 Constitution). No individual, whether Ethiopian, foreigner or](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5a84.html)\nrefugee, can purchase land. The Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with the right to lease or use\nland as per the most favorable treatment accorded to foreigners. The 1995 Constitution does not prohibit\nforeigners from leasing or holding other usage rights over land and other immoveable property. The\nrelevant provisions of the 1960 Civil Code are neutral in terms of who the parties to property-related\ntransactions can be. However, Proclamations No 721/2011 and No 456/2005 on urban and rural land\nimpose certain conditions on access to land by foreigners. At the same time, the Refugees Proclamation\nalso states that agricultural and irrigable land shall be available to refugees in agreement with regional\nstates using a land lease system, subject to payment of a lease price for a renewable seven-year period,\nand that this applies to refugees involved in projects designed by the Government with the support of the\ninternational community.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with the right to purchase, lease or use housing and\nimmoveable property as per the most favorable treatment accorded to foreigners. Foreigners of Ethiopian\norigin receive the most favorable treatment and are not subject to policy restrictions in respect of these\nrights (1995 Constitution, Proclamation No 270/2002, 1960 Civil Code, UNHCR\u2019s Housing Land and\nProperty (HLP) assessment Ethiopia). In practice, refugees with OCP status lease or use housing based on\nformal or informal arrangements.\n\n\nThere is no specific law or policy regulating refugees\u2019 access to social/public housing schemes. At least\ntwo such schemes exist in Ethiopia, namely \u2018Kebele housing\u2019 (managed by City Administrations or woreda\ncouncils) and public rental housing (managed by a regional housing authority whose exact title varies\naccording to the region). The legal basis for both is the Government Ownership of Land and Extra Houses\nProclamation No 47/1975. This Proclamation does not include any provision that would provide foreigners\n(or refugees) with access to social/public housing schemes, but nor does it specifically exclude them as\npossible target populations. However, regional legislation may be more restrictive. For instance,\nProclamation No 272/2008 Issued to Determine the Duties and Responsibilities of the Tigray National\nHousing Development and Administration Agency stipulates that housing schemes owned and funded by\nthe Government shall be designed to benefit citizens. Similarly, the Government Housing Administration\nRules and Regulation No 2/2003, which applies to Kebele housing in Addis Ababa, limits access to\nEthiopian nationals only.\n\n\nSo far, UNHCR is not aware of refugees accessing public/social housing schemes. At the same time, in the\ncontext of the UNHCR HLP assessment conducted in 2020, some regional authorities have proposed that\nUNHCR consider refugee inclusion in social/public housing schemes in return for support to increase their\ncapacity to effectively manage such programmes.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation grants refugees with the right to open bank accounts and access financial\nservices and mobile money in the same manner as the country\u2019s nationals. Based on the Refugees\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nProclamation, refugee ID cards constitute proof of official identity for Customer Due Diligence/Know Your\nCustomer requirements and may be used to open a bank account, register a SIM card or use mobile\nmoney services.\n\n\nUrban refugees open bank accounts in Addis Ababa, which has been relatively easy, because those\neligible collect their monthly allowances from UNHCR through the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE)\nusing bank accounts in their own names. While they can easily deposit, withdraw or transfer money, it is\nassumed that they would face difficulties to access loans. In more remote refugee-hosting areas, limited\nfinancial infrastructure and lack of awareness of refugee rights among financial service providers remains\nan obstacle. However, following the increase in identification documents issued by ARRA in 2019 (see\nsection 2.4) and legal awareness campaigns, UNHCR observes that refugees\u2019 access to banking services\nis on the rise, particularly to enable the delivery of cash-based interventions (CBI). Mobile Network\nOperators are not always aware that refugee ID cards constitute proof of official identity, which makes it\ndifficult for refugees to legally obtain SIM cards. In practice, however, informal workarounds are commonly\npractised, and refugees find ways of accessing mobile connectivity.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation recognizes driver\u2019s licences and provides the right to obtain a national driver\u2019s\nlicence subject to fulfilling the requirements stipulated in the provisions of applicable laws and based on\nthe refugee ID card. The applicable law in this regard is the Driver\u2019s Qualification Certification Licence\nProclamation No 1074/2018. Some of the requirements set out in this law pose challenges for refugees, for\ninstance the requirement to provide a passport, Kebele ID and certificate of education. In 2019, ARRA\nresolved this issue by requesting that the transport authority exempt refugees from such documentary\nrequirements and accept the refugee ID instead. This was actioned by the Ministry of Transport through\nthe transmission of Circulars to all regional transport bureaux. It is not known how many refugees routinely\navail themselves of these rights.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation recognizes refugees\u2019 foreign academic and vocational qualifications as per\nthe most favourable treatment accorded to foreign nationals. No distinction is made based on the sector\nof qualifications. One challenge is that the authentication of higher education credentials obtained outside\nEthiopia needs to be provided by the relevant Embassy of the country of origin, which exposes refugees\nto potential protection risks. It is not known how many refugees routinely avail themselves of these rights.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with access to national skills development opportunities\nwithin the available resources and subject to the education policy of Ethiopia. In practice, refugees mostly\naccess skills development initiatives provided by humanitarian NGOs that may not always be adequately\nlinked to viable economic sub-sectors within the refugee-hosting areas.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with the right to enrol in pre-primary and primary education\nunder the same conditions as the country\u2019s nationals; the right to enrol in secondary education and\nspecialized education services is subject to available resources and the education policy of Ethiopia,\nconditions that also apply to nationals; and the right to enrol in tertiary education as per the most favourable\ntreatment accorded to foreign nationals in recognition of foreign school certificates, diplomas and degrees\nand as regards remissions of fees and charges and the granting of scholarships.\n\n\nThe Djibouti Declaration, endorsed by the Government in 2017, and two circulars issued in 2013 and 2016\nrespectively, promote the inclusion of refugee children in national education planning and facilitate\nrefugee children\u2019s access to national education services, including through giving refugees access to the\nnational education curriculum (Circular No 11/1-3456/1098/35 and Circular No 13/1-11795/8297/35). In\nDecember 2019, the Government began preparation of a multi-year plan to cost education for refugees\nand host communities, which along with the inclusion of refugee data into EMIS (see section 2.3) constitutes\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\na significant step towards refugee inclusion in education sector planning. The MoE is finalizing a new\nEducation Sector Development Plan VI (ESDP VI, 2020\u20132024), which could further reinforce the policy\nand institutional framework for refugees\u2019 rights to education.\n\n\nData on the percentage of refugee children enrolled in the national education systems is unavailable.\nWhile refugee children living outside the camps in urban settings enrol in national schools, few refugee\nchildren in camp settings do so due to access challenges and the lack of absorption capacity of host\ncommunity schools. In the 2018/2019 academic year, the overall gross enrolment rate (GER) in camps was\n67 per cent for primary schools and 13 per cent for secondary schools. This represents a welcome\nimprovement from the 2016/17 GER of 62 and 9 percent respectively. However, there is great gender and\nregional disparity (e.g. [UNHCR, Tigray 2019 Pledge Report), and the figures also still trail significantly](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Tigray%20ETH%202019%20Pledge%20Progress%20Report.pdf)\n[behind the national GER for Ethiopian children (WBG \u2013 Ethiopia Refugee Education 2019). Due to the lack](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/988591562865883889/pdf/Education-for-Resilience-Exploring-the-experience-of-refugee-students-in-three-communities-in-Ethiopia.pdf)\nof available resources and implementation, host community and refugee children have little or no access\nto specialized education programmes and tertiary education, even though the Education Policy and the\n2018\u20132030 Education and Training Roadmap provide for them.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides refugees with access to available health services in Ethiopia under\nthe same conditions as nationals. This includes access to available national sexual and reproductive\nservices for refugee women and girls. There are no further regulations or guidance on how to facilitate this\naccess.\n\n\nData on the number of refugees accessing the national health-care system is not available. Generally,\nrefugees living out of camp access health care provided for by government institutions under the same\nconditions as nationals, but many need financial support for health care. The Government provides\nrefugees living in camp settings with HIV testing and treatment, TB, leprosy, and vaccination services,\nincluding both routine and campaign-based vaccination services, all free of charge. For other health\nservices, refugees in camp settings generally use the camp-based health system but in some contexts\nalso access the national health system in the host community. Correspondingly, on average, 10 per cent of\nthe users of the camp-based health system are host community members. In locations where the host\ncommunity\u2019s health-care facilities are particularly poor, this can reach 30 per cent.\n\n\nA community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme exists, but it is still in its pilot phase and non-existent\nin most refugee-hosting woredas. The extent to which refugees have the right to be enrolled is unclear.\nThere is no system in place for financing refugee health-care costs in the publicly financed health care\nsystem.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation stipulates that ARRA shall ensure that refugees and asylum-seekers with\nspecific needs are provided with special protection commensurately with their needs. There is no further\npolicy that provides guidance on how this is to be done. The [NSPP](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action;jsessionid=HYeWPF93r_zfWIR1xU_j30jVmsiNYON98G6CmoMru1EmCrueGuKx!539423187?id=55759) prioritizes basic levels of assistance to\npersons with specific needs, including disabilities and persons with mental health challenges and older\npersons without care and support. The [NSPP](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action;jsessionid=HYeWPF93r_zfWIR1xU_j30jVmsiNYON98G6CmoMru1EmCrueGuKx!539423187?id=55759) does not exclude refugees. However, as per the [1995](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5a84.html)\n[Constitution, social security should be provided by the State \u2018to the extent that resources permit\u2019. As such,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5a84.html)\nthe extent of access to basic levels of assistance is not clear either for nationals or for refugees.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and other international humanitarian partners provide basic levels of assistance to\nrefugees with specific needs, including persons with disabilities, unaccompanied and separated children,\nolder persons and survivors of gender-based violence and sexual exploitation and abuse among others.\nThe programming approach that is set out by the [NSPP](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action;jsessionid=HYeWPF93r_zfWIR1xU_j30jVmsiNYON98G6CmoMru1EmCrueGuKx!539423187?id=55759) for assistance to persons with specific needs\nfocuses on referrals and links from Bureaux of Labour and Social Affairs (BoLSAs) at sub-national level to\nprivate and civil society partners offering specialized services, to associations of persons with disabilities\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\nand social workers working closely with schools and clinics, and to Community Care Coalitions (CCC).\nUNHCR has observed that in a few instances, refugees are referred by BoLSAs to these private and civil\nsociety partners and that they are, in practice, included. Data of the exact numbers of refugees and/or\nnationals with specific needs that have received assistance is not known.\n\n\nThere is no overarching framework in place for dialogue between the government and international\npartners, with a view to gradually aligning aid, social protection systems and support for refugees and\nhost community members with specific needs, in terms of coverage, targeting and levels of benefits.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation provides children, including unaccompanied and separated refugee children,\nrefugee victims of trafficking, survivors of gender-based violence and other refugee groups with specific\nneeds, with access to Government-provided care and protection systems in a manner comparable to\nnationals in the same situation. Specifically, it stipulates that ARRA shall ensure that refugee women,\nchildren and other refugees with specific needs shall enjoy the rights and protections enshrined under\nrelevant laws commensurate with their needs. There are no further policies providing guidance on how\nthis is to be done. A range of national policies, standards and services exist for the protection of nationals\nin the same situation as the above-mentioned refugee groups. Implementation of these policies is\ngenerally weak or limited and has so far not effectively taken the specific protection needs of refugees\ninto account in practice.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to gender in\nthe majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Social cohesion**, the weak meaningful participation of women in community-based leadership\n\nstructures.\n\n\nii. **Justice and security**, challenges related to preventing and addressing gender-based violence against\n\nmen and boys, who have high needs but are often forgotten in the response.\n\n\niii. **Education**, the drastic drop in attendance by girls between years 1-4 and years 5-8 of primary schools.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n\niv. **Health care**, the limited level of access to sexual and reproductive health services.\n\n\nv. **The right to work**, the existence of discriminatory provisions.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to refugee\ncharacteristics in the majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of\nsocioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Security of legal status**, the nationality-based differences in the RSD procedure.\n\n\nii. **Access to registration and identification**, the requirement of the physical presence of two parents.\n\n\niii. **Education**, the lack of targeted support for refugee children with special needs.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html) [1]\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979][2] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[cation date: 10 Nov 1969)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951][3][ (Ratif] \u2022 [Convention respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning ]\n\n[the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4374cae64.html)\n## \u2022 [Djibouti Declaration on Refugee Education, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-reliance, 2019 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Nairobi Declaration on Somali Refugees, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003][4]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n\n1 Article 1(k) (meaning of \u201cInternally Displaced Persons\u201d); Article 5(6) and 5(7) (obligations of States Parties relating to protection\nand assistance); Article 12 (compensation for displacement); Article 22 (settlement of disputes).\n2 Article 29(1) (dispute resolution among States Parties).\n3 Articles 8, 9, 17 (2) and 22 (1) of the Convention are recognized only as recommendations and not as legally binding\nobligations.\n4 Article 4(2)(a) (rights to life, integrity and security); Article 6 (b), (c), (d), (f), and (j) (equal rights for women and men in marriage);\nArticle 7(a) and (d) (equal rights for women and men in case of separation, divorce or annulment of marriage); Article 10(3)\n(reduction in military spending); Article 13(j) (equal application of taxation laws); Article 14(b) (the right to decide whether to have\nchildren, the number of children and the spacing of children); Article 21(1) (a widow\u2019s right to equitable share in the inheritance\nof property); Article 27 (interpretation of the Protocol by the African Court on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **E T H I O P I A** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/111b3b4a-a284-3f1c-a35d-6fc00eb74ede/Ethiopia%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_373/raw/doc_373_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_373/raw/doc_373_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 188075c42a2a5d4ced78a21ca07e52dca10b03e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_373/raw/doc_373_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,405 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2020)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n( as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nSince the 2020 baseline, there has been no notable change to Ethiopia\u2019s national fiscal/budget policies and\nmechanisms to provide for timely additional financial transfers to areas that are economically affected by the\npresence of refugees. The Government\u2019s Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP)\nand its successor DRDIP II, which was unveiled in December 2022, have remained the main example of\nprogrammes that use the national budget/expenditure and planning mechanisms to provide additional\nfinancing support for policy priorities in such areas. Due to a lack of technical assistance and financial\nresources for sub-national government institutions, the level of implementation of policies and devolving\nprocess in refugee hosting regions have continued to be limited in the reporting period.\n\n\n[The National Social Protection Policy (2016)](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/Media.action;jsessionid=IkaBwuyyogw_KwDOD6Gb50A9gT6TciwYcdkagZ5RBY_trK_kFYTD!1945465934?id=17017) that provides the policy framework for the provision of social\nsafety nets for all Ethiopians, including host communities, has remained unchanged during this period. The\n[Urban Safety Net Project (USNP) was succeeded by the Urban Productive Safety Net and Jobs Creation](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/216981467304914217/ethiopia-urban-productive-safety-net-project)\n[Project (UPSNJP) in October 2022 which will run until the end of 2025. It includes a Refugee and Host](https://w05.international.gc.ca/projectbrowser-banqueprojets/project-projet/details/p010096001)\nIntegrated Safety Net (RHISN) sub-component that extends the safety net program to refugee hosting\ncommunities including those that were not previously covered under the USNP. It targets refugee and host\ncommunity households across Gambella, Benishangul-Gumuz, Afar, Somali, and Amhara Regional States.\n\n\n1 **.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe applicable national policies that help in identifying, preventing, and mitigating potential social tension\nand risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas have remained unchanged during the period. However, the\n[previous National Human Rights Action Plan, 2016-2020, expired and the revised version for the period of](https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/natauth/2016/en/123799)\n2021-2025 was submitted to the Parliament but is not yet approved.\n\n\nIn practice, the social cohesion between refugees and host communities has remained largely the same.\nThere has been a high level of interaction in Somali and Afar Regions and some interactions in Addis\nAbaba and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions. However, in Gambella Region, while there are amicable relations\namong refugees and host communities that belong to the same ethnic groups, quite often tension exists\nbetween the Anuak and Nuer ethnicities. Due to limited capacity and scarce financing, the implementation\nof policies relating to social cohesion has continued to be limited in the period. However, refugees and host\ncommunities largely share similar culture, language, ethnicity, religion and sometimes clanships, that has\nbeen further strengthened by trading, religious ceremonies, social occasions like marriage and funerals.\nOverall, attitudes of hosts towards refugees are generally positive; attitudes are notably better around\nSomali camps and worse around South Sudanese camps. In the Afar Region, refugees have engaged with\nthe host community to secure land for sharecropping.\n\n\nThe number of formal and informal local governance mechanisms that are inclusive of refugees and\npromote peaceful co-existence, dialogue, joint activities, or civic engagement has increased since 2020.\nIn addition to the existing Peace Committees and several customary dispute resolution mechanisms, new\nPeace Committees were established in Gambella, in January 2021, to manage existing tensions and conflicts\nbetween host communities as well as refugees and host communities.\n\n\nThe Refugees and Returnees Service (RRS) and the Somali Regional Bureaus \u2013 Bureau of Labour and\nSocial Affairs (BoLSA) and Bureau of Women and Children Affairs (BoWCA) \u2013 have piloted a project in\nJijiga covering the period of 2019-2023, which has brought together host and refugee community-based\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nstructures to enhance peaceful coexistence and facilitate the integration of protection, care and support\nactivities within both communities.\n\n\nDuring this period, the community-based structures that were established by Refugees and Returnees\nServices (RRS) in camps, settlements and urban settings have continued to serve as a medium to resolve\ndisputes arising between refugees and maintain peace and harmony. Also, they have continued to\nenhance community participation, ensuring that community members enjoy their rights on an equal footing\nand can participate fully in decisions that affect them. The guidelines for the establishment of dedicated\n\u2018Neighbourhood Relations Committees\u2019 (NRCs) for refugees and host communities is finalized and approved\nby RRS. However, it has not yet been implemented.\n\n\nThe policy frameworks to safeguard the equality of all persons before the law and their entitlement to\nthe protection of the law without any discrimination have remained unchanged in this period. In practice,\nUNHCR believes that discrimination may have continued to occur in relation to gender, nationality, ethnicity\nand diverse sexual orientation and gender identities.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nIn addition to the five national policies that were introduced in the previous periods, additional policy\nimprovements have been made in this period which mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees. In\n2022, Ethiopia validated a costed [Multi-Actor Cooking Energy Strategy for Refugees and Host Communities](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98109)\n[for the period of 2022-2023. The overall objective of this strategy is to improve sustainable access to clean,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/98109)\nreliable, and affordable cooking energy solutions for refugees and hosting communities. Also, the Ethiopian\nEnergy Authority (EEA) introduced a [Mini Grid Directive, No. 268/2020, in December 2020, which has](https://api.mekdesmezgebu.com/uploads/Mini_Grid_Directive_No_268_2020_261aacb014.pdf)\npermitted the private sector to generate electricity from solar energy for commercial and non-commercial\npurposes. Based on this Directive, a solar mini-grid project in the Somali region, benefitting refugees\nand host communities in and around Shedder refugee camp and hosting communities, was licensed for\ncommercial electricity generation and is expected to commence service at the end of 2023. Further, the\n[National Electrifcation Program 2.0 (NEP II), which was initiated in 2019, has included refugee settings for](https://www.powermag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethiopia-national-electrification-program.pdf)\non-grid and off-grid electrification. The Federal Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) has been developing\na National Energy Policy which is yet to be finalized and endorsed. The policy will apply to all stakeholders\nthat reside and operate in Ethiopia including refugees and displacement actors. The Prime Minister\u2019s [Green](https://greenlegacy.et/green-legacy/home)\n[Legacy Initiative has to date resulted in the planting of 25 billion seedlings by mobilizing more than 20](https://greenlegacy.et/green-legacy/home)\nmillion Ethiopian citizens throughout the nation, including in refugee hosting regions.\n\n\nIn practice, implementation of the policies has continued to be a challenge in the period. The lack of effective\nimplementation of the waste segregation and disposal process in refugee-hosting areas has remained as\none of the challenges. During this period, the dependency on the natural environment to meet the demand\nfor cooking energy and shelter construction continues to further aggravate the environmental degradation\nand deforestation in refugee camps and the surrounding hosting areas. Household lighting coverage is not\nmore than 30 per cent; compared to the coverage in the 2020 baseline (56 per cent), the gains receded\nmainly due to the conflict in northern Ethiopia and lack of stock of distributed solar lamps. Less than 18 per\ncent of refugees have access to transitional and alternative cooking fuels; a slight increase (+1 per cent)\nfrom the baseline period. Increased cost of technologies, internal conflict and poor infrastructure within the\ndisplacement settings are the main challenges within this sector during the period. Further, limited allocation\nof resources to energy and environment interventions remained a consistent challenge to scale-up clean\nenergy access and climate change adaptation.\n\n\nThe [One WASH National Programme Phase II, that replaced Phase I in 2018, continued to implement water](https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/reports/one-wash-national-programme)\nand sanitation policies during this period. However, refugee camps have remained excluded from the\nprogramme. Despite this exclusion, the Ethiopian National Guideline for Urban Water Utilities Tariff Setting,\nintroduced by MoWE in 2013, has created a platform for integrated service delivery where refugees and host\ncommunities benefit from the same water systems. For instance, the Itang Water Utility in Gambella Region\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nand the Regional WASH project in Somali Region seeks to include investments in water and sanitation\ninfrastructure for host communities, refugees, and internally displaced persons, as well as support for the\nestablishment of efficient local water supply utilities.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, there has not been a national policy that provides the basis for a national\npreparedness framework, including institutional mechanisms, to respond to increased or new refugee\ninflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. The 2017\nCRRF Roadmap and the subsequent draft National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (NCRRS),\nprovided elements for a national preparedness framework. However, the framework has not been functional\nas the two policy documents have become obsolete.\n\n\nIn practice, responses to increased or new refugee inflows have continued to be guided by annual Refugee\nResponse Plans (RRPs) that are developed, coordinated, and implemented through a Refugee Coordination\nGroup (RCG) co-chaired by UNHCR and RRS consisting of national and regional sectorial working groups,\ndonors, local partners, UN agencies, and refugee-led organizations. The RRPs continue to guide the\nresponse under the coordination leadership of the RCG; however, they have not been imbedded in the\nnational policy base nor integrated into national institutional coordination structures during the period.\nUNHCR has continued to update its own contingency plans for Ethiopia to respond to major events that\nwould significantly affect the continuation of regular response; the latest contingency plan was updated in\nMay 2023 for the period of May 2023-April 2024.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\n[During the prescribed period, the Refugees Proclamation, Proc. No.1110/2019, and its three Directives, on](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n[Refugees\u2019 Right to Work,](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123769?prevDestination=search) [Freedom of Movement and Grievances and Appeals Handling, have continued to](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123757?prevDestination=search)\nprovide the overall national legal framework for the protection of refugees in Ethiopia. However, the 2017\nCRRF Roadmap has been dormant during the period. The lack of subsidiary laws including comprehensive\nregulation and directives has continued to limit the full implementation of the Refugees Proclamation.\nDespite that, some progress has been made in operationalizing the legislative framework.\n\n\nAt the national level, [Directive No. 772/2021 issued by the Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC) to regulate](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2021/en/147070?prevDestination=search)\n[work permits for expatriates employed in investments](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2021/en/147070?prevDestination=search) has included recognized refugees within its scope.\nIn addition, asylum-seekers, and refugees, under the broad definition of resident, are also included in the\n[Ethiopia Digital Identifcation Proclamation No. 1284/2023. Further, a MoU was signed between RRS and](https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/federal_proclamation/Ethiopia-Digital-ID-proclamation-1284-2023.pdf)\nthe Ministry of Labor and Skills, in November 2022, to facilitate the provision of work permits to refugees. In\nSeptember 2021, a MoU was signed between the Jobs Creation Commission and the RRS on cooperation\nin areas of inclusion of returnees, refugees, and host communities in the national job creation plan and\ninitiatives.\n\n\nAt the sub-national level, a tripartite MoU was signed between RRS, the Somali Regional State and UNHCR,\nin May 2023, to pursue inclusion and local integration of the refugee population in Kebribeyah refugee\ncamp as well as facilitate the sustainable development and integration of the refugee camp into Kebribeyah\ntown and the surrounding woredas (districts) In addition, an MoU was signed between these three parties\nin May 2023 to follow a settlement approach (in opposition to setting up refugee camps) from an outset of\nan emergency for those refugees that fled to Ethiopia due to the recent conflict in Somalia. These policy\nframeworks are further elaborated in the subsequent policy and sub-policy dimensions.\n\n\nThe change in the Government\u2019s shift in focus due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conflict in northern\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nEthiopia, and other impeding issues have slowed down the implementation and the realization of the rights\nof refugee rights in the period. Weak coordination between RRS, line ministries, State Departments and\nservice providers, lack of harmonization with other laws, and limited capacity of national systems to integrate\nrefugees have continued to be major hurdles to the realization of the rights of refugees in Ethiopia.\nDuring this period, the three directives have been published and disseminated in relevant languages.\nHowever, the limited awareness of applicable refugee rights and entitlements among relevant stakeholders\nand refugees has continued to be a challenge. Notably, there is limited information on the policy environment\nat the Regional Government level across all refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nThere has been some progress made towards realizing the pledge made by the Government of Ethiopia at\nthe GRF in 2019 to strengthen the national asylum system and implement the Refugee Status Determination\n(RSD) section of the Refugees Proclamation. RRS established an RSD unit in June 2022 and an Appealing\nHearing Council (AHC) in March 2023. These institutional structures were set up in a bid to assume full\nresponsibility to adjudicate at first instance and in appeal asylum claims. Further, a draft RSD Directive and\nan internal guideline for the AHC have been developed and are awaiting approval by RRS. An assessment\nconducted by RRS, in January 2023, identified, among other issues, that the RSD procedures are not\nsufficiently harmonized, the standard operating procedures (SOPs) lack clarity, and there is a lack of sufficient\ndedicated RSD staff.\n\nThe prima facie approach for granting refugee status has continued to apply for Somalis from South and\nCentral Somalia (and recently for those that fled from Laascanood, Somaliland), South Sudanese, Sudanese\nfrom Blue Nile and South Kordofan, and Yemenis who arrived in Ethiopia after 1 January 2015. All other\nnationalities have continued to undergo individual RSD procedures in the period. Following the Government\ndecision, in January 2020, to change the previous asylum policy of prima facie refugee recognition for\nEritreans, asylum-seekers from Eritrea have been required to undergo individual RSD in the prescribed\nperiod. However, when the war erupted in November 2020, the access to registration, documentation and\nasylum procedures were suspended in Tigray Region where Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers were\nhosted. As a result, from that time until 30 June 2023, no Eritrean asylum seeker was registered with RRS. In\nthe other parts of the country, including Addis Ababa, access to asylum procedures, which had been partially\nrestricted as of April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was fully suspended in November 2021 after\na State of Emergency (hereinafter SoE) was declared because of the war in northern Ethiopia. Even after\nthe SoE was lifted in February 2022, registration, documentation, and access to asylum remained largely\nsuspended with notable exceptions for the new arrivals from Somalia and Sudan emergencies in 2023.\nAccordingly, RRS has conducted the registration and recognition on prima facie basis of refugee status for\nthousands of new arrivals from Laascanood, Somalia. Similarly, Ethiopia has been receiving and registering\nthousands of Sudanese and non-Sudanese refugees fleeing conflict-affected areas in Sudan. However,\nsince November 2021 asylum-seekers not covered by the prima facie approach have faced challenges with\nregistration and the processing of their application. Registered asylum-seekers awaiting a decision on their\nclaim enjoy similar rights as recognized refugees.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe policy framework regarding security of legal status of refugees in Ethiopia has remained unchanged\nduring this period. There have not been major trends of unlawful termination of refugee status through\ncancellation, revocation or cessation. However, the closure of all land borders announced by the Government\nin March 2020, as one of the measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, was prolonged during the SoE. In\npractice, asylum-seekers have continued to cross the border into the country gaining de facto access to\nthe territory. While RRS has gradually resumed limited registration and documentation activities, including\nissuance of Proof of Registration, newborn registration and issuance of pass permits, the issuance and\nrenewal of refugee ID cards remain suspended since November 2021. There have been a few instances\nwhere access to asylum was denied at the Bole international airport in Addis Ababa to some individuals as\nthey did not possess an \u201cImmigration Letter\u201d issued by the Immigration and Citizenship Service (ICS). This\nrequirement by RRS is not envisaged in the Refugee Proclamation.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nSince May 2023, mass detention of Eritrean refugees and unregistered Eritreans have reportedly increased\nin Addis Ababa, with a few hundred reportedly forcibly returned to Eritrea. Though RRS managed to secure\nthe release of most of the registered refugees, a few cases of refugee refoulement were encountered.\nUNHCR and RRS have been working closely with the security and immigration bodies, conducting training to\nsensitize the relevant authorities on the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers to prevent the occurrence of\nsimilar incidents. UNHCR has been supporting RRS to expeditiously resume registration and documentation\nservices to mitigate risks of detention and refoulement of refugees and asylum seekers.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe national institutional framework for refugee management called for by the 2017 CRRF Roadmap and the\ndraft National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (NCRRS) has remained dormant since 2019. As\nsuch, there is currently no policy basis for a national institutional framework for refugee management that\nwould involve sectoral line ministries, foster coordination between local levels of Government or provide\nleadership. In practice, the Refugee Coordination Group (RCG) has continued to provide the platform for\nrefugee coordination and management.\n\n\nMeanwhile, after the current Government was formed in October 2021, the Agency for Refugees and\nReturnees Affairs (ARRA), that was under the Ministry of Peace, was re-established as the Refugees and\nReturnees Services (RRS), accountable to the National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS). This was\nmade by virtue of the [Defnition of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs Proclamation No. 1263/2021.](https://lawethiopia.com/index.php/volume-3/6747-proclamation-no-1263-2021-definition-of-powers-and-duties-of-the-executive-organs-proclamation)\nWhile RRS has, in effect, maintained its traditional mandate, it does not yet have an established Regulation\ndetailing its powers, responsibilities and functions, including how it seeks to foster coordination. Having\na legally defined power, structure and accountability would assist RRS in clearly articulating and strengthening\nits protection mandate.\n\n\nThe refugee community governance structures have continued to function and provide refugee inputs\nand feedback to the Government in the prescribed period. However, the level of functionality of other\nassociations such as women\u2019s associations, youth associations and religious leaders\u2019 associations has\ncontinued to vary from area to area. These associations are registered by RRS but lack legal personality.\nThe [Grievances and Appeals Handling Directive No 03/2019, which sets out grievance mechanisms relating](https://www.coursehero.com/file/77988168/Refugee-Draft-Directive-2pdf/)\nto misconduct committed by RRS has not yet been functional.\n\n\nA national population census has not been conducted since 2007, although refugees have been included\nin administrative data collection. RRS has continued to provide refugee vital events data to the ICS and\nrefugee education data to the Ministry of Education (MoE). The steps taken at the sectoral level to include\nrefugees in education sector planning have been further strengthened. Refugee data have been included in\nthe Rapid Justice Sector Assessment that was conducted from July 2020-July 2021 at the national level by\nthe government Justice Sector Steering Committee commissioned by UN agencies (UN Women, UNODC,\nUNDP, UNICEF, and OHCHR).\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nIn line with the Refugees Proclamation, refugees have continued to be entitled to receive identification\ndocuments during this period. Policy improvements have been made that further enhance access to\nofficial identification and digital inclusion of refugees. Based on the national identity programme and the\nnational [digital strategy 2025, the](https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/Policy_documents/Digital-Ethiopia-2025-Strategy-english.pdf) [Ethiopia Digital Identifcation Proclamation No. 1284/2023, which was](https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/federal_proclamation/Ethiopia-Digital-ID-proclamation-1284-2023.pdf)\nenacted in March 2023, entitles refugees and asylum-seekers the right to register for and obtain digital\nidentification. However, the lack of readily available guidelines (subsidiary legislations) that are meant to set\nrequirements for issuance, period of validity, and benefits associated with identity papers has continued to\npose a challenge in the period.\n\n\nIn practice, the suspension of registration and documentation services including issuance and renewal\nof refugee identity documents following the COVID-19 restrictions and the SoE has led to the expiry of\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9630494713783264, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "RRS", - "confidence": 0.6889415383338928, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5205661058425903, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9504566788673401, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9683240652084351, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee vital events data", - "confidence": 0.5969104766845703, - "start": 488, - "end": 492 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "government Justice Sector Steering Committee", - "confidence": 0.5035456418991089, - "start": 551, - "end": 556 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9263578057289124, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nrefugee ID cards for the majority of refugees affecting the enjoyment of their rights including access\nto socio-economic services. This has led to increased rates of forgery as a coping mechanism and has\nexposed refugees to the risks of arbitrary arrest and refoulement. To date, almost 92 per cent of the refugee\npopulation eligible for an ID card (above the age 14), do not have a valid ID card and more than 11,000\nrefugee families do not have any proof of registration. However, Government (RRS) led registration and\ndocumentation activities have been gradually resuming in Addis Ababa and in field locations. Recently,\nRRS fully managed the Level-1 registration of more than 92,000 new arrivals from Laascanood, Somalia.\nIn addition, Refugee Convention Travel Documents (CTDs) have continued to be issued during this period.\nHowever, CTDs are non machine-readable and therefore not compliant with International Civil Aviation\nOrganization (ICAO) standards. The issuance and delivery process has remained very long as it involves\nRRS, Immigration Citizenship Services (ICS), and UNHCR, and its short validity period (one year only) has\nexposed refugees to various protection risks and challenges as re-entry to Ethiopia needs to happen within\nthis short period.\n\n\nThe identity documents have been increasingly recognized by both the public and private sectors, enabling\nrefugees to access legal rights and services provided by the Government, such as social services, healthcare,\nand the judicial system. In addition, they have continued to access services provided by private entities,\nsuch as financial services, telecommunications, mobile money, and employment opportunities using such\ndocuments. Nevertheless, there is a continuing lack of awareness from some service providers, particularly\nin the private sector, which hesitate to recognize refugee identity documents.\n\n\nPolicy improvements have been witnessed for vital events registration activities during this period. Refugees\nhave been included in the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems (CRVS) Improvement Strategy and\nthe Costed Action Plan of Ethiopia (2021-2026). Also, refugees have been included in the National Social\nand Behaviour Change Strategy to Increase Demand for Vital Events Registration, introduced in March 2021\nand aimed at raising awareness about vital events registration.\n\n\nIn practice, the Government has taken steps to simplify and improve access to birth registration and civil\ndocumentation in line with the pledges made at the 2019 High-Level Segment on Statelessness and the\n2019 Global Refugee Forum, which has removed procedural barriers that require the presence of both\nparents to register the birth of a child. Also, dedicated RRS staff (birth registrars) were recruited to address\nthe staffing shortage. The integration of refugees into the national civil registry services is so far limited to\nthe out-of-camps refugees.\n\n\nHowever, some policy and institutional gaps have remained during this period. Refugee children born out of\nhealth facilities have not been registered and remain at risk of statelessness as the policy framework does\nnot specifically address the issue of community births. Also, the parallel structure of ICS registering vital\nevents of nationals and RRS registering vital events of refugees has led to several challenges with respect\nto coordination, efficiency, accessibility, and capacity of the system. Furthermore, the parallel system does\nnot guarantee refugee children access to national birth registration services in a manner comparable to\nnationals in the same situation. Hence, integrating the refugee vital events registration into the national\nsystem requires amendment of Vital Events Registration laws.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, the suspension of birth registration due to COVID-19, SoE, and technical issues\nrelated to the digitalization process, have led to an increase in the birth registration backlog. A backlog\nclearance exercise targeting refugee children below the age of three years was conducted, however,\nconsidering the enormity of the task, additional resources are required to clear it.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, the overall security situation in Ethiopia has deteriorated due to political and\nethnic conflicts that have dire consequences for both nationals and refugees. UNHCR believes it is likely\nthat the levels of security enjoyed by refugees as compared to nationals were lower than at the time of the\n2020 baseline. In the Benishangul Region, due to the fighting between armed groups and federal forces,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nrefugees had to be evacuated from two camps (Tongo and Gure-Shombola) and relocated to another camp\n(Tsore Camp) in 2022. In Tigray, due to the war, four camps were closed (Hitsats, Shimelba, Mai Aini and Adi\nHarush) which resulted in the relocation of refugees mainly to Alemwach settlement in the Amhara Region\nand Addis Ababa. In the Afar Region, refugees were forced to abandon the camp (Berhale Camp) and seek\nrefuge in other parts of the Region due to the war; the refugee camp has since re-opened. Furthermore,\nthe refugee security services were disrupted during the SoE (November 2021- February 2022), and multiple\nconflicts in various regions resulted in the relocation of refugees to different camps and settlements. While\nthe overall security situation for refugees and host communities improved after the signing of a peace deal\nbetween the Government of Ethiopia and the Tigrayan People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF) in November 2022,\nseveral challenges remained. In Addis Ababa, urban refugees have faced detention and arrest without\ncourt appearance. Undocumented Eritrean asylum-seekers and refugees have been at high risk of arbitrary\ndetention and deportation.\n\n\nRefugees have remained entitled to access law enforcement and justice on par with nationals through the\nConstitution and the Refugees Proclamation during this period. Some policy and institutional improvements\nhave been made to operationalize this access. For instance, refugees were explicitly included as a priority\ncategory in the National Free Legal Aid Service Strategy, which was developed by the Ministry of Justice\nin 2022 and is pending approval by the Ministry. The Ministry of Justice also developed a green paper\ntitled \u201cTransitional Justice Policy Options in Ethiopia\u201d which was made public in January 2023. The policy\noptions serve as a basis for the nationwide consultations including refugees and IDPs to gather inputs\nconsultations that will inform and lay the foundations for the crafting of a nationally led and human rightcentred transitional justice policy for Ethiopia. Further, RRS has commenced work on a roadmap to better\nconnect and integrate camp-justice systems and refugee justice providers into local and national justice\nsystems. However, significant policy improvements are still required to integrate the specific justice needs\nand criminal acts faced by refugees in relevant national justice, law enforcement and crime prevention\npolicies and systems.\n\n\nDuring this period, in line with the Refugees Proclamation that entitles refugees equal enjoyment of rights\nwith nationals for protection against gender-based violence, the National Standard Operating Procedures\nfor Shelter Services to Women and Girls Survivors of Violence in Ethiopia (2020) has included refugees and\nasylum-seekers in the Women Shelters that provide services to GBV survivors. However, the development\nof a sector wide national GBV strategy is still not finalized.\n\n\nIn practice, access to law enforcement and justice has remained limited for refugees in Ethiopia mainly due to\ncapacity constraints. Refugees have continued to rely on informal/traditional justice resolution mechanisms\nincluding for GBV related issues in the period. UNHCR observes that the findings of the 2020 Social Analysis\nand the 2020 JNS Survey that were conducted in the baseline period, namely that both refugees and\nhost communities were affected by these challenges but refugee GBV survivors disproportionally so, have\nremained unchanged during this period.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nIn the prescribed period, the [Refugees Proclamation and the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) [Directive No 01/2019 to Determine Conditions](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123757?prevDestination=search)\n[for Movement and Residence of Refugees outside of camps, have continued to provide the legal framework](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123757?prevDestination=search)\nfor the right to freedom of movement and freedom to choose residence of refugees.\n\n\n[Despite the 2019 Refugees Proclamation acknowledging refugees\u2019 right to freedom of movement and the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n[2019 related Directive passed by RRS, refugees de facto continue to face an encampment policy. The above](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123757?prevDestination=search)\ndirective offers limited possibilities to obtain an out-of-camp permit based on the fulfilment of stringent\nconditions, to which many refugees are not eligible. In practice, less than 10 per cent of the total refugee\npopulation in the country still live outside of camps. Evidently, the figure of those that live outside of camps\nseems to represent meaningful progress to implement the Out-of-Camp (OCP) pledge made by Ethiopia in\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2020 Social Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9481016397476196, - "start": 550, - "end": 553 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9876734614372253, - "start": 543, - "end": 544 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9215280413627625, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6012191772460938, - "start": 636, - "end": 637 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9725040793418884, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5039560794830322, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2020 JNS Survey", - "confidence": 0.7262973189353943, - "start": 555, - "end": 558 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6633461713790894, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.626518964767456, - "start": 543, - "end": 544 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6823648810386658, - "start": 636, - "end": 637 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9428993463516235, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7169939875602722, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n2016, but a considerable proportion of Eritrean refugees were impacted by the mass self-relocation from\nthe refugee camps to Addis due to the war. The Government issued OCP permits for the majority of these\nrefugees considering their presence in Addis Ababa and the lack of other viable options. However, the\ndiversity of beneficiaries of the OCP permit has remained to be a challenge since most of the beneficiaries\nare still Eritrean refugees. In practice, refugees have continued to move around freely in the areas close to\nthe camps without an OCP permit during this time.\nDuring the period, refugees have continued to face procedural hurdles when they intend to move outside\nof their designated place of residence due to the pass permit requirement. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic\nrestrictions, followed by the SoE and the impact of the war, have severely restricted the freedom of\nmovement of refugees. Despite the lifting of the SoE in February 2022, the provision of several services\nincluding documentation, registration and access to asylum have remained suspended with a continued\nadverse impact on refugees\u2019 ability to move from place to place.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) and the Refugees Right to Work Directive, [Directive No.02/2019, have continued](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123769?prevDestination=search)\nto provide the legal framework for refugees right to work and rights at work in Ethiopia along with other\nrelevant national laws. However, the Right to Work Directive and other subsidiary laws have not clarified the\ncomparator group of foreign nationals that would have defined the scope of the \u201cmost favourable treatment\naccorded to foreign nationals\u201d standard of treatment for refugees\u2019 access to rights to work. Ethiopia\ndistinguishes the foreign nationals of Ethiopian origin (such as the members of the Rastafarian community\n[from Jamaica) and other foreigners. Furthermore, the discrepancies between the Refugees Proclamation,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\nthe [Right to Work Directive and applicable national laws relating to the right to work have remained and are](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123769?prevDestination=search)\nyet to be addressed through subsidiary laws.\n\n\nThere is no known case of refugees working in the formal sector while many refugees seek waged work or\nself-employment in the informal sector. There is, however, no available data on the percentage or number\nof refugees employed in the formal and informal sectors. Overall, refugee youth face high rates of inactivity\nand unemployment relative to hosts, especially in Addis and in Eritrean camps. According to the Ethiopia\n2019 GRF Pledge Report, published in June 2023, approximately 129,000 economic opportunities have\nbeen created for refugees and host communities in the agriculture and livestock sectors through 14 joint\nprojects with development and humanitarian partners. This surpasses Ethiopia\u2019s 2019 GRF pledge to create\n90,000 economic opportunities in the same sectors by 2024.\n\n\nDuring the reporting period and in line with the Right to Work Directive that sets out the provisions that\nmay facilitate the lifting of restrictions related to documentation, a MoU was signed between RRS and\nthe Ministry of Labor and Skills, in November 2022, to facilitate the provision of work permit for refugees.\nUnder this arrangement, RRS is delegated by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoLSA) to issue\nwork permits for refugees. Similarly, a MoU was signed between the Jobs Creation Commission and\nthe RRS in September 2021 to foster cooperation in areas of inclusion of returnees, refugees, and host\ncommunities on the national job creation plan and initiatives. In practice, RRS has issued around 14,800\nwork permits and residence permits to refugees including those issued in 2020: 7,200 residence permits\nissued to refugees participating in joint projects and 7,600 work permits issued for refugees engaged in\nwage earning employment or self-employment outside of the joint projects. The issuance of the residence\npermit is ongoing, and the exact figures remain to be verified by an Independent Verification Agent (IVA).\n\n\nA new addition to the existing framework is the Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC) Directive Regulating\nthe Issuance of Work Permit to Expats Employed in Investments and the Implementation of Knowledge and\n[Skill Transfer from Expats to Ethiopians, Directive No.772/2021, which provides that recognized refugees,](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2021/en/147070?prevDestination=search)\nholding a valid identity paper and engaged in wage-earning employment outside the context of joint\nprojects, could be issued with work permits to be employed in investments, whose administration fall within\nthe mandate of the EIC. The Directive exempts eligible refugees from the requirements of a passport, entry\nvisa, and service charges. In practice, there are no known cases of refugees who have accessed work\npermits under this Directive.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nIn addition, it has been a challenge for refugees to access business licenses as multiple agencies need to\ncoordinate for this purpose i.e., RRS, the Ministry of Trade and Urban city administrations. Further, refugees\ndo not possess a Tax Identification Number (TIN), which also complicates their ability to formally pay taxes\nor access financial services. Refugees have nevertheless continued to open small business-like shops in the\nrefugee camps without fulfilling the legal requirement.\n\n\nThe [Refugees Proclamation](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html) coupled with the [Labor Proclamation provide refugees with the same protection](https://chilot.blog/labour-proclamation-no-1156-2019/)\nas nationals including with regard to terms of working conditions, wages, safeguards against child\nemployment, the right to a safe and healthy working environment, the right to fair wages and benefits, and\nthe right to join trade unions. Further, organizations that employ refugees have continued to be required to\ncomply with Ethiopian labor laws and regulations, including those related to occupational health and safety,\nworking hours, and minimum wage.\n\n\n[The Refugees Proclamation has continued to grant refugees the right to acquire professional certificates/](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\ndiplomas recognized by the competent authorities of the host Government and allows them to practice\na profession on the same basis as the most favorably treated foreigners. However, the discrepancies\nbetween the [Refugees Proclamation and the various profession-specific regulations have continued to](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\npose a challenge to the implementation of those rights. In practice, there are no known cases of refugees\nengaging in liberal professions in the reporting period.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nThe national policy and legal framework governing the HLP rights of refugees has remained unchanged\nduring this period. The scope and limitations of refugees\u2019 rights to acquire, transfer, lease or use immovable\nproperty including land and buildings, as provided under Article 29 of the [Refugees Proclamation, have not](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\nbeen clearly specified in subsidiary legislations. As a result, the most favourable treatment that refugees are\nentitled to regarding the right to immovable property has not been elucidated. Furthermore, the framework\nand procedures for refugees to access agricultural and irrigable land for joint projects, as stipulated in Article\n26 of the [Refugees Proclamation, giving wider rights of use, have not been clearly defined in subsidiary laws](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\n[including in the Refugees Rights to Work Directive No.02/2019. In practice, in Melkadida, Somali Region,](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/123769?prevDestination=search)\nrefugees have continued to access irrigable lands outside of the lease arrangement through the framework\nof an MoU entered between UNHCR, RRS and the Somali National Regional State in 2016.\n\n\nDuring this period, RRS has started to gradually transition from camps to a settlement approach in the\nnew refugee settlements in Alemwach, the Amhara Region and Bokh in the Somali Region. Also, the MoU\nsigned between RRS, the Somali Region and UNHCR to upgrade the Kebribeyah Camp as a settlement and\nintegrate it with Kebribeyah town will enhance refugees HLP rights.\n\n\nRegarding access to social/public housing schemes, the legal framework has remained unchanged. In\npractice, there are no reports of refugees accessing public/social housing schemes during the period.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nIn the prescribed period, the Refugees Proclamation has continued to provide the legal and policy base for\nrefugees\u2019 access to financial services, including opening bank accounts, on par with nationals.\n\n\nIn practice, the number of refugees who are able to open bank accounts has continued to rise in most\nlocations during the period, particularly where cash-based interventions have been implemented by\nUNHCR. In locations where telecom infrastructures are in place, refugees have continued to get sim cards\nas well as access to mobile banking services. However, they still face difficulties accessing credit facilities\nmostly because of a lack of clear procedures, limited awareness of refugee rights among financial service\nproviders and a lack of collateral/savings to back the loan request. Further, refugees have continued to\nobtain driver\u2019s qualification licenses and telecommunication services by fulfilling the necessary requirements\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nusing the identification document provided by RRS. However, data on the figure of refugees who access\nthese services is not available. During this period, the main challenge for refugees to access financial and\nadministrative services has resulted from the suspension of registration and documentation services by RRS\nfollowing the declaration of the SoE.\n\n\nThe Refugees Proclamation has continued to recognize refugees\u2019 foreign academic and vocational\nqualifications as per the most favorable treatment accorded to foreign nationals. However, data is not\navailable on the figure of refugees who have authenticated their educational credentials in the prescribed\nperiod.\n\n\nThe national policy framework for refugees to access national skills development opportunities has remained\nunchanged in the period. In practice, refugees have continued to access skills development opportunities\nsupported by NGOs. A case in point is the Qualification and Employment Perspectives (QEP) program,\n2019-2023 \u2013 commissioned by the German Ministry for Economic Development (BMZ), co-financed by\nthe Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORD) and implemented by German Society for\nInternational Cooperation (GIZ) \u2013 a key initiative that provides quality and accredited skills training for\nrefugees and host communities with linkages to the labor market.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nDuring this period, policy improvements have been made that further enhanced the inclusion of refugees in\nthe national education system. Based on the provision of the Refugees Proclamation that entitles refugees\naccess to education, the Ministry of Education (MoE) has included refugee education in the sixth series of the\n[Education Sector Development Plan (ESDP VI), for the period of 2020-2025, which is an important milestone](https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/education-sector-development-plan-2020-2025-ethiopia)\nas it is a guiding policy document regarding education in Ethiopia. In line with the Djibouti Declaration, the\nGovernment has finalized and started the implementation of the multi-year action plan to cost education for\nrefugees and host communities that started in December 2019. The costed action plan has generated some\nsupport for teachers\u2019 capacity building in secondary schools. Further, as a result of the continued inclusion\nof refugee data in the Education Management Information systems (EMIS), refugee education data has\nbeen integrated in the Education Statistical Annual Abstract (ESAA), a national yearbook of the MoE that is\npublished every year.\n\n\nIn practice, refugee students completing secondary education who are eligible to join tertiary education\nhave been automatically placed in public universities regardless of their status. Further, the inclusion of\nrefugees in ESDP VI has generated additional support from the World Bank (WB) which has extended the\nGeneral Education Quality Improvement Program on Equity (GEQIP-E, 2017- 2022) until 2025. Subsequently,\ntwo secondary schools have been handed over to the Gambella and Somali Regional Education Bureaus\n(REB) which is part of a plan to include 13 secondary schools in the MoE/Regional Education Bureaus by the\nend of 2025.\n\n\nDuring this period, the education authorities have provided quality assurance services, including the\nsupervision, inspection, registration and accreditation of schools established in the refugee camps.\nMoreover, the training of teachers from schools in the refugee camps (both refugee and Ethiopian teachers)\nin the Teachers\u2019 Education Colleges has been a good inclusion practice. In addition, the MoU that was\nsigned between RRS, the Somali Regional Government and UNHCR in May 2023 to guide the inclusion\nof refugees in the national services provision, including in Kebribeyah and Doolo Zone, is a positive step\ntowards the inclusion of refugees in the national education system.\n\n\nThe available data shows a total of 4,280 pupils (1,375 females), close to 1 per cent of the school-age\npopulation, have enrolled in the national education system. This figure does not include refugees under the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "identification document", - "confidence": 0.8215709328651428, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "RRS", - "confidence": 0.7155394554138184, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9080550670623779, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Statistical Annual Abstract", - "confidence": 0.6542722582817078, - "start": 417, - "end": 421 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ESAA", - "confidence": 0.6755560040473938, - "start": 422, - "end": 423 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.8725764751434326, - "start": 440, - "end": 442 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national education system", - "confidence": 0.8148660063743591, - "start": 661, - "end": 664 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6418426632881165, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school-age\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.7796987891197205, - "start": 690, - "end": 692 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nOCP program as their data has been integrated with that of host communities. Also, the number of refugees\nin the national education system has remained very low due to the remoteness of the refugee camps and\nlimited presence of host community schools. The earlier gains made have receded due to the COVID-19\npandemic and the conflict in North Ethiopia. During the 2021/2022 academic year, participation of refugee\nchildren and youth in education, expressed as Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) for pre-primary, stood at 42.6 per\ncent while it was 44 per cent for Ethiopian nationals. For primary and secondary education, GER for refugees\nwas 50.8 per cent and 14 per cent respectively compared to 97.2 per cent and 45 per cent for Ethiopian\nnationals. Overall, the figures for refugee children have continued to trail significantly behind the national\nGER for Ethiopia children, and the gender and regional disparities have remained huge. In effect, both\nhosts and refugees have low educational attainment. However, primary and secondary net enrolment rates\nare higher for hosts compared to refugees, especially for secondary schooling. Furthermore, Out-of-camp\nrefugees and hosts have a relatively better education level than those in the camp settings.\n\n\nThe lack of awareness and buy-in of the inclusion agenda at various levels of the Federal Government and\nthe lack of capacity and resources of refugee hosting regions have continued to pose challenges during\nthis period. Further, refugees and host communities have continued to have little or no access to specialized\neducation programs and tertiary education due to the lack of available resources and implementation gaps.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nDuring this period, based on the Refugees Proclamation that entitles refugees to access the health services\nunder the same conditions as nationals, progressive steps have been taken to include refugees in the\nnational healthcare systems including in the available national sexual and reproductive service for refugee\nwomen and girls. The Ethiopia Health Sector Transformation Plan II (HSTP \u2013 II), 2020/2021 \u2013 2024/2025,\nunlike its predecessor, HSTP (2015/2016 \u2013 2019/2020), provides for a mitigation plan for the risk of population\nchanges due to refugee influxes. Also. unlike the previous policy framework, the 2017 National Malaria\nElimination Roadmap of Ethiopia, the Ethiopia Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan, 2021- 2025, has explicitly\nincluded refugees.\n\n\nWhile the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, 2013/2014- 2020, only\nmentioned refugees as a population to be included in advocacy, communication, and social mobilization,\nthe subsequent NSP for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, 2021- 2026 opens the door to refugee inclusion.\nThe HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plan, 2021 \u2013 2025, has included refugees and determined the services\nthat they would access. While refugees access Ministry of Health (MoH) vaccines both in camp-based and\ngovernment public health facilities, the Ethiopia National Expanded Programme on Immunization, 20212025, does not include tailored strategies to cover refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\nOne considerable progress is the MoU signed between UNHCR, RRS, and the Somali Regional Government,\nin May 2023, which anchors refugee access to all levels of government health facilities within the Somali\nregion of Ethiopia thus eliminating a parallel health system.\n\n\nDespite the positive development, the financial resource and capacity limitations coupled with the continuous\noccurrence of epidemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, malaria, and measles, as well as the damage to\nhealth facilities caused by the conflict have affected the provision of healthcare services in the period.\n\n\nData on the figure of refugees who have accessed all the levels of the national healthcare facilities during\nthis period is not available as the national health information system does not disaggregate data based\non nationals/refugee/asylum-seeker status. However, in 2022, over 5,800 refugees accessed government\nhealthcare facilities for secondary and tertiary (specialized medical care) healthcare. In practice, refugees\nin urban areas have continued to access public health facilities at similar conditions to nationals which\ninclude cost recovery for certain services. Tuberculosis, HIV and leprosy treatment, vaccines, and essential\nSRH services are received free of cost at public health facilities. However, refugees often need to pay from\ntheir pocket in public health facilities due to the limited availability of other general medicines and medical\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nsupplies. In camp settings, the Government has continued to provide refugees with all health services at\nno cost including HIV testing and treatment, tuberculosis and leprosy treatment, and routine vaccinations\nfrom the MoH free of charge. Refugees requiring secondary or tertiary healthcare outside of the camps have\ncontinued to access MoH facilities on the same conditions as nationals. On average, 14 per cent (+4 per cent\nfrom the 2020 baseline) of the users of the camp-based health system have been host communities.\nDuring this period, refugees have not been included in the national health insurance scheme (CBHI). The\nfirst part of the feasibility study done by UNHCR/ILO in 2022 to determine the possibility of enrolling urban\nrefugees in Addis Ababa is due by the end of 2023.\n\n\nDespite the positive developments, financial resource and capacity limitations, coupled with the continuous\noccurrence of epidemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, malaria, and measles, as well as the damage to\nhealth facilities caused by the conflict, have affected the provision of healthcare services in the period.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[The Refugees Proclamation, coupled with the National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) and National Social](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html)\nProtection Strategy (NSPS), provide the overarching policy directions for the provision of social protection to\nrefugees. No further policy framework was introduced during this period, however, which expounds on the\nextent to which refugees and nationals have access to basic levels of assistance.\n\n\nThe social protection system in Ethiopia has continued to face several gaps and challenges. The policy\nframework lacks a comprehensive and integrated framework, with weak budget allocation and limited\npartnership forums hindering a coordinated response at the national level. Program planning and\nimplementation suffer from a lack of comprehensive standards and equitable implementation, along with\nlimited public participation in program design. The institutional arrangement and capacity of the social\nprotection system also has weaknesses. The social welfare system lacks specialized social workers,\ninadequate oversight, and service delivery for vulnerable groups.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and other international humanitarian partners have continued to provide basic level of\nassistance to refugees, including to those with specific needs such as persons with disabilities and older\npersons.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, there has not been any attempt at creating an overarching framework for\na dialogue between the Government and international partners with a view to gradually aligning aid, social\nprotection systems and support for refugees and host community members with specific needs, in terms of\ncoverage, targeting and levels of benefits.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nProgressive steps have been taken to further implement the provision of the Refugees Proclamation that\nentitles refugee groups with specific needs to access government-provided care and protection systems\nin a manner comparable to nationals in the same situation during this period. Refugee children have been\nincluded in the National Strategy and Action Plan on Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC), 20212026. Moreover, the One Stop Centre (OSC) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), which were introduced\nin 2022, have included refugees and asylum-seekers as equal beneficiaries of services provided in the\nCentres. The OSCs provide holistic response service to GBV survivors, including health, psychosocial, legal\nand safety and security. In addition, MoWSA introduced the Child Protection National Case Management\nFramework in 2019 which also benefits refugees.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers have also been accessing shelter services provided by the Network of\nWomen Shelters across the country on an equal basis. The shelters provide longer term shelter services\nfor GBV survivors who need time apart from their prior residential area and possibly from their offenders in\ncases of cohabitation. Furthermore, based on available resources, shelters provide various services such\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nas accommodation, counselling, health support, business skills training, family reunification, vocational skills\ntraining etc. RRS is a stakeholder in the National Strategy on Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC)\nin Ethiopia, 2021 \u2013 2026, which is at the final stage of revision.\n\n\nIn practice, the absence of an integrated child-specific law, the lack of clarity in the application of domestic\nlaws and policies concerning refugee children, and the overlap of roles among the government child\nprotection agencies, Ministry of Women and Social Affairs (MoWSA) and RRS, creating a parallel system,\nhave been some of the barriers for refugee children to access national child protection services. In addition,\nan assessment conducted by UNICEF in five Regions, in July 2020, on barriers faced by women and\nchildren\u2019s survivors of violence in accessing response services in refugee and host communities, revealed\na dissatisfaction with service quality including the lack of capacity to respond to issues, provision of\ninadequate support, confidentiality gaps and inaccessibility.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nA change occurred in the top-five policy sub-dimensions where differences or restrictions in terms of\nthe policies and/or their implementation in relation to gender are most consequential for socioeconomic\ndevelopment. The current listing is as per below, replacing the right to work with documentation:\n\n\n**a.** **Social cohesion:** As evidenced in the different assessments conducted during this period with the\n\nrefugee communities, meaningful participation of women in decision making opportunities is still\nminimal.\n**b.** **Justice and security:** The lack of livelihood opportunities, frequent food cuts, delays in food distribution,\n\nand the overall instability and conflict in the country have exposed women and girls to GBV risks.\n**c.** **Education:** The drastic drop in attendance of schools by girls has remained a challenge. With 0.3 per\n\ncent gender parity in secondary schools during this period, girls drop out of school starting with upper\nprimary classes due to several reasons, including early marriage and responsibilities in unpaid care and\ndomestic work they have in their households.\n**d.** **Health care:** The limited levels of access to sexual and reproductive health services have continued to\n\nbe a challenge in the period.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**e.** **Documentation:** The suspension of registration and documentation and limited access to vital event\n\ndocumentation have created additional vulnerabilities for women and girls with critical consequences\nfor all other policy sub-dimensions.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe sub-dimensions where differences and/or restrictions in relation to refugee characteristics \u2013 age, gender,\nrace, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, statelessness, political opinions, indigenous status,\ndisability, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group or others \u2013 are most consequential\nin terms of socioeconomic development remained the same during the period. Freedom of movement has\nbeen added as a sub-dimension due to a lack of progress beyond one particular refugee nationality.\n\n\n**a.** **Security of legal status:** inconsistent access to the asylum system and registration and documentation\n\nservices with different case processing approaches have exposed several population groups to\nprotection risks and impacted negatively on their ability to access sustainable livelihoods and\nopportunities for certain solutions, such as family reunification.\n**b.** **Freedom of movement:** most of the refugees who benefited from the OCP Policy thus far have been\n\nEritreans.\n**c.** **Education:** The lack of targeted support for refugee children with special needs has continued to be\n\na challenge.\n**d.** **Access to civil registration and documentation:** The suspension of the registration process and\n\nrenewal of identification documents during the period have hindered the prospect for socioeconomic\ninclusions and development.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **E T H I O P I A** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce73bd4f-08c7-4b75-a9a9-ea45abaf3054/Ethiopia%20RPRF-11032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_374/raw/doc_374_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_374/raw/doc_374_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ccfec4bfab02804d0643be4dfd9fccf37c80de71..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_374/raw/doc_374_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "JUNE 2022\n\n## **Summary of UNHCR Recommendations to the European Union**\n# UNHCR RESETTLEMENT NEEDS, COMPLEMENTARY PATHWAYS, AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2023\n\n\nUNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is issuing the following recommendations ahead of the 1 July meeting hosted by\nthe European Commission. The meeting brings together Member States and key actors to discuss and launch the\n2023-2025 pledging exercise for resettlement and humanitarian admission. The recommendations set out UNHCR\u2019s\nkey asks to EU Members States and relevant European Union (EU) institutions as they consider their commitments to\nresettling and admitting refugees through complementary pathways in 2023.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s recommendations are in line with the _Three-Year Strategy (2019-2021) on Resettlement and Complementary Pathways_\n(the Strategy), the _Third Country Solutions for Refugees: Roadmap 2030_ (Roadmap 2030), [1] and the objective set out in the _Global_\n_Compact on Refugees_ (GCR) to increase the number of resettlement and complementary pathways admissions globally. The\nStrategy foresees the resettlement of one million refugees and admission of two million refugees through complementary\npathways by 2028.\n\n\n1 At the 2022 Annual Tripartite Consultations on Resettlement, UNHCR and its partners presented the new _Third Country_\n_Solutions for Refugees: Roadmap 2030,_ which provides an updated framework to achieve the long-term vision of the\nStrategy. Its publication is planned by the end of July 2022.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2023 1/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8cada8a-a79a-4605-9256-086a34bad9ce/Europe%20-%20Summary%20of%20UNHCR%20recommendations%20to%20the%20EU%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the last two years, EU Member States have shown their capacity to respond to a series of challenges by working together\nand demonstrating solidarity. Despite the important impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resettlement and complementary\npathway admissions of refugees, EU Member States have remained engaged with UNHCR and other partners to find ways to\nensure admissions. The EU stepped up following the events in Afghanistan in August 2021 and received tens of thousands\nof Afghan nationals evacuated from their country in addition to commitments for resettlement and other admission\nprogrammes to receive Afghan refugees from neighbouring countries.\n\n\nSince February 2022, the war in Ukraine has forced millions of people to flee, becoming the largest refugee emergency since\nthe end of World War II. From the onset of the emergency, EU Member States demonstrated remarkable solidarity with an\nunanimous decision to activate the Temporary Protection Directive providing protection, access to rights and assistance to\nmillions of people. The EU has demonstrated its capacity to work together, providing emergency assistance in a very short\nperiod of time, and with an unprecedented mobilization of receiving authorities and host communities.\n\n\nThe _Projected Global Resettlement Needs_ increased from 1,47 million in 2022 to more than 2 million for 2023. In this context,\nUNHCR urges Member States to maintain their commitments to refugees and provide solutions to those most at risk, and\ncalls on the EU to:\n\n\nMAINTAIN AMBITIOUS TARGETS FOR SUFFICIENT\nRESETTLEMENT ADMISSIONS OF REFUGEES IN NEED\n\n\n1. Maintain ambitious targets: while UNHCR acknowledges the great pressure in the past few months with the\nUkraine emergency, it is essential to pursue the solidarity efforts and commitments to refugees worldwide. UNHCR\nrecommends that the 27 EU Member States maintain ambitious resettlement targets, and resettle at least 40,000\nrefugees in 2023, in addition to a minimum of 8,500 places for Afghan refugees to keep pace with a five-year target\nof 42,500 resettlement departures.\n\n\n2. Ensure the incremental growth of resettlement as envisaged in the Strategy with EU targets increasing to a minimum\nof 44,000 in 2024 and 48,000 in 2025, in addition to an average of 8,500 places per year over the next five years in\norder to respond to the needs of Afghan refugees.\n\n\n3. Adopt flexible case processing modalities to increase the agility and resilience of resettlement and admissions under\nother legal pathways.\n\n\n4. Increase the number of EU Member States participating in resettlement: UNHCR is ready to support capacity\nbuilding initiatives and work together with partners such as the EU Agency for Asylum (EUAA), the International\nOrganization for Migration (IOM) and NGOs to meet this objective.\n\n\n5. Increase EU funding for capacity building initiatives, including through the CRISP [2] initiative to build solid and quality\nresettlement programmes and to advance complementary pathways.\n\n\nKEY PRIORITY SITUATIONS\n\n\n6. Use the 2023 _Projected Global Resettlement Needs_ and prioritize resettlement of refugees hosted in countries part of\nthe following five priority situations: the Syria Situation, the Central Mediterranean Situation, the Venezuelan, the\nAfghan and the Rohingya situations.\n\n\n7. Dedicate at least 10% of their resettlement programmes to urgent or emergency cases.\n\n\n2 The _[Sustainable Resettlement and Complementary Pathways Initiative](https://resettle.org/)_ (CRISP) is a multi-stakeholder and global mechanism\nwhich aims to support States and other stakeholders with capacity building activities to grow resettlement programmes\nand advance complementary pathways.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2023 2/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8cada8a-a79a-4605-9256-086a34bad9ce/Europe%20-%20Summary%20of%20UNHCR%20recommendations%20to%20the%20EU%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SOLIDIFY THE RESILIENCE OF RESETTLEMENT IN EUROPE - KEY POLICY CONSIDERATIONS\n\n\n8. Strengthen resettlement processing mechanisms and reception capacities: with the increased humanitarian needs\nin several regions across the globe, UNHCR recommends for processing mechanisms and reception structures to be\nenhanced in a sustainable manner to ensure that resettlement commitments are protected against quota drops in\nemergency responses.\n\n\n9. Preserve the protection nature of resettlement in the EU: UNHCR urges Member States not to use resettlement\nas a substitute to their obligations under international law to provide access to asylum. Resettlement should remain\na protection tool and not serve migration policy objectives. When planning for resettlement and selecting refugees,\nMember States should apply protection criteria rather than considering integration potential. All actors should ensure\nthat resettlement remains the primary means of admission for refugees in need of a third country solution and that\ncomplementary pathways remain additional to resettlement targets.\n\n\n10. Show increased solidarity by considering a larger proportion of refugees with high or medical needs within\nresettlement programmes.\n\n\n11. Maintain close collaboration between the EUAA, UNHCR, IOM and other involved stakeholders in order to avoid\nredundancies, and to ensure better planning and optimize resources management.\n\n\n12. Capitalize on the EUAA\u2019s work and efforts towards expanding programmes: The EUAA can play a key role in\nbuilding Member States capacity, re-engage previous resettlement states and work with emerging resettlement states\nwilling to build programmes in the EU.\n\n\nFAMILY REUNIFICATION\n\n\n13. Preserve the right to family unity and enhance refugees\u2019 access to established procedures. While the right to\nfamily unity is enshrined in international and regional instruments, many legal and administrative obstacles need\nto be overcome. UNHCR urges Member States to preserve family unity and to ensure refugees\u2019 access to existing\nprocedures by making them protection-centred and responsive to the refugee context.\n\n\n14. Consider dependency as the core criteria to establish family ties that are covered under the [Family Reunifcation](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32003L0086)\n[Directive](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32003L0086) and to apply this principle in Member States\u2019 domestic legislation.\n\n\n15. Ensure additionality: When offering programmes to unify extended non-dependant relatives falling outside of the\nscope of the Family Reunification Directive, ensure that these are complementary and additional to other procedures\nand pathways.\n\n\nCOMPLEMENTARY PATHWAYS\n\n\n16. Expand pathways by strengthening existing ones and making them more accessible, reliable and predictable for\nrefugees. Programmes need to be built with adequate protection safeguards for refugees.\n\n\n17. Adequate funding, guidance and building expertise will be crucial to expand programmes and ensure refugees have\naccess to them.\n\n\n**Complementary Education Pathways**\n\n\n18. Collaborate with all concerned actors, including the Global Task Force on Third Country Education Pathways in order\nto build and expand sustainable programmes for refugee students; work with partners towards the goal of creating\nrefugee specific scholarship places equal to that of 1% of international students who will be received in 2023, with a\nlonger-term objective of 2% and above. Establish clear timelines for these goals in consultation with UNHCR, Member\nStates, and stakeholders from the education sector.\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2023 3/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8cada8a-a79a-4605-9256-086a34bad9ce/Europe%20-%20Summary%20of%20UNHCR%20recommendations%20to%20the%20EU%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Complementary Labour Pathways**\n\n\n19. Develop programmes and follow the lead of those EU States already developing labour pathways for refugees; work\nwith the employer sectors, NGOs and partners expert in refugee labour mobility, to identify and address legal and\nadministrative obstacles, and to build scalable partnerships to match their labour market needs with the skills of\nrefugees in need of a durable solution.\n\n\n20. Ensure refugees have access to existing legal pathways and include refugees in the revision of legal migration\ninstruments and labour related initiatives. UNHCR encourages the EU and Member States to utilize the resources\nand expertise of, and actively support, the recently established Global Task Force on Refugee Labour Mobility. Bridges\nbetween education pathways, vocational training and labour mobility schemes could be considered as part of a more\nholistic approach to complementary pathways.\n\n\n**Humanitarian Pathways**\n\n\n21. Maintain additionality: UNHCR urges Member States that are implementing humanitarian pathways to remain\ncommitted to resettlement at the same time. UNHCR welcomes the opening of new humanitarian pathways, but\nwishes to reiterate that these do not equate to resettlement places which are dedicated to the refugees of all\nnationalities who are considered the most at risk in their country of asylum. Funding for resettlement should remain a\npriority and be separate from funding dedicated to humanitarian pathways.\n\n\nCOMMUNITY SPONSORSHIP PROGRAMMES\n\n\n22. Plan for a meaningful growth of community sponsorship programmes that will enhance reception capacity\nand allow for an increased number of admissions. Welcoming sponsorship initiatives and pilot projects, UNHCR\nrecommends to develop programmes with a clear plan for meaningful growth, with the view to shift from pilots to\nregular and established programmes. States should ensure to meaningfully involve refugees in the programme design,\nimplementation as well as monitoring and evaluation.\n\n\n23. Explore and build partnership benefiting States, host communities and refugees. Explore new approaches to\nenhance reception and integration of refugees and that can benefit all. UNHCR encourages States that have not yet\npiloted community sponsorship to use the current momentum in order to explore how community sponsorship can\ncomplement public reception systems for the expansion of third country solutions.\n\n\nUNHCR\nJune 2022\n\n\nUNHCR RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION RESETTLEMENT NEEDS AND KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2023 4/4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8cada8a-a79a-4605-9256-086a34bad9ce/Europe%20-%20Summary%20of%20UNHCR%20recommendations%20to%20the%20EU%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_375/raw/doc_375_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_375/raw/doc_375_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4b83095f8416f4be6ee85aac84c009cf4d5672ff..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_375/raw/doc_375_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Conditions minimales de protection relatives au projet de relocalisation des** **populations dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa** **Note \u00e0 l\u2019attention de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays du Niger**\n\n**El\u00e9ments de contexte :**\n\nLa situation humanitaire \u00e0 Diffa est complexe, elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la combinaison de\nd\u00e9fis tant structurels que conjoncturels. Si au niveau mondial, le Niger fait partie des pays\nqui ont enregistr\u00e9 les indicateurs de d\u00e9veloppement humain les plus faibles tout en \u00e9tant\nparmi les pays ayant enregistr\u00e9 les plus grands progr\u00e8s dans l\u2019IDH (Rapport IDH 2014), au\nniveau national, la r\u00e9gion de Diffa est l\u2019une des plus affect\u00e9es par les mouvements de\npopulations, dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la malnutrition et\nl\u2019insuffisance des services sociaux de base.\n\nEn effet, la crise s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u00e9vit dans le nord-est du Nig\u00e9ria a entra\u00een\u00e9 un afflux massif\nde populations dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa o\u00f9 d\u2019importants mouvements de populations restent\nvisibles. Depuis f\u00e9vrier 2015, la r\u00e9gion de Diffa fait face \u00e0 une situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sans\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, avec des attaques enregistr\u00e9es \u00e0 Bosso, \u00e0 Diffa et dans les \u00eeles du lac Tchad par\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 Boko Haram. A la suite de l\u2019attaque de l\u2019\u00eele de Karamga en\nf\u00e9vrier 2015, les autorit\u00e9s ont ordonn\u00e9 aux populations d\u2019\u00e9vacuer toutes les \u00eeles nig\u00e9riennes\ndu lac Tchad. Cette situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de vingt-cinq mille sept cent\n(25 700) personnes vers la terre ferme (Source : Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire 2016). Un\nbon nombre de ces personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9es \u00e0 Yob\u00e9 et Borno au Nigeria o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9tat\nd\u2019urgence est en vigueur depuis mai 2013. La majorit\u00e9 de ces personnes sont vuln\u00e9rables et\nvivent encore dans une situation de grande pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 l\u00e0 o\u00f9 elles sont temporairement\ninstall\u00e9es.\n\nUne r\u00e9ponse humanitaire multisectorielle principalement bas\u00e9e sur la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des\npopulations est en cours dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa.\n\nA ce jour, des op\u00e9rations militaires demeurent \u00e9galement en cours dans cette r\u00e9gion,\nessentiellement en r\u00e9ponse aux exactions du groupe Boko Haram.\n\nDans ce contexte, en vue de pr\u00e9venir une aggravation des souffrances humaines qui\npourrait \u00eatre occasionn\u00e9e par d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles op\u00e9rations de relocalisation par les autorit\u00e9s\ndu Niger, la pr\u00e9sente note technique est r\u00e9dig\u00e9e dans le but d\u2019aider l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire\nPays et l\u2019UNCT au Niger \u00e0 prendre les d\u00e9cisions n\u00e9cessaires, concernant la faisabilit\u00e9 et les\nmodalit\u00e9s d\u2019une \u00e9ventuelle intervention des acteurs humanitaires - \u00e0 la demande du\n\n\n1 | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8ce3b946-cad7-3118-9b7b-4ab0b8e538dc/EvacuationsHumanitairesetProtection-NoteduClusterProtection%C3%83%C2%A0l%27E%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "gouvernement - dans la relocalisation des populations dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. Les\nconsid\u00e9rations mises en avant ici sont tir\u00e9es des dispositions pertinentes du Droit\nInternational G\u00e9n\u00e9ral, du Droit International Humanitaire, du Droit des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et du Droit\napplicable aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays.\n\nAussi, une lecture des r\u00e9cents d\u00e9veloppements de la situation s\u00e9curitaire, humanitaire et de\nprotection de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e et civile dans la R\u00e9gion de Diffa, nous oblige \u00e0\nsouligner les principes suivants, qui sont \u00e0 prendre en consid\u00e9ration dans le contexte\nparticulier de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa :\n\n### **1. Sur la relocalisation de la population civile**\n\n\nLes textes internationaux mentionn\u00e9s plus haut pr\u00e9voient clairement la possibilit\u00e9 pour\nl\u2019Etat de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des \u00e9vacuations humanitaires de populations civiles, y compris de\npersonnes de nationalit\u00e9 \u00e9trang\u00e8re r\u00e9sidentes, si cela est requis pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des civils ou\npour des raisons militaires imp\u00e9ratives. L\u2019implication des humanitaires dans une \u00e9vacuation\ndevrait \u00eatre per\u00e7ue comme un dernier recours, compte tenu des implications s\u00e9curitaires,\n\u00e9thiques, politiques et logistiques pour les personnes concern\u00e9es et pour les organisations\nhumanitaires ; les acteurs humanitaires ne prenant partie ni aux \u00e9vacuations faites par les\nmilitaires, ni aux \u00e9vacuations faites pour des raisons militaires.\n\nLes le\u00e7ons apprises de l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des \u00eeles nig\u00e9riennes du lac Tchad sugg\u00e8rent que toute\n\u00e9vacuation fasse l\u2019objet d\u2019une analyse pr\u00e9alable des risques de protection associ\u00e9s, sur la\nbase d\u2019informations objectives. Nous comprenons que les informations pr\u00e9cises concernant\nd\u2019\u00e9ventuels projets de relocalisation de populations civiles \u00e0 Diffa restent attendues. Les\nmodalit\u00e9s d\u2019une \u00e9ventuelle intervention de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire seront bas\u00e9es sur\nde telles informations claires, analys\u00e9es en lien avec la situation concr\u00e8te dans les localit\u00e9s\nconcern\u00e9es \u00e0 Diffa. Au jour de l\u2019\u00e9laboration de la pr\u00e9sente note, des informations\nessentielles pour une telle analyse manquent. Il s\u2019agit entre autres de la date pr\u00e9vue pour\nles relocalisations, des lieux de d\u00e9parts, des populations vis\u00e9es, des sites de relocalisation,\ndes moyens logistiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre, des dispositions pr\u00e9paratoires sur les sites de\nrelocalisation, des modalit\u00e9s d\u2019implication des communaut\u00e9s cibl\u00e9es dans la planification et\ndans la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019op\u00e9ration.\n\n# \uf0b7 Il est important que l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif humanitaire de sauver des vies guide toute d\u00e9cision de\n\nrelocalisation, et que l\u2019op\u00e9ration envisag\u00e9e soit conduite dans le respect des principes\nd\u2019humanit\u00e9, d\u2019impartialit\u00e9 et de neutralit\u00e9. Les bonnes pratiques internationales\nsugg\u00e8rent des modalit\u00e9s susceptibles d\u2019enrichir l\u2019exp\u00e9rience au Niger \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Une\ncondition pr\u00e9liminaire et absolue est que les dispositions ad\u00e9quates soient prises au\npr\u00e9alable pour assurer que sur les lieux d\u2019\u00e9vacuation, les personnes vis\u00e9es pourront\navoir acc\u00e8s aux biens essentiels et aux services sociaux de base notamment l\u2019eau,\nl\u2019h\u00e9bergement, la nourriture et les soins de sant\u00e9. Au besoin, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de tels services\npourra \u00eatre graduellement revu en quantit\u00e9, pour l\u2019adapter au nombre de personnes\nconcern\u00e9es, au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le nombre de ces personnes augmentera sur le/les\nsites choisis pour la relocalisation ;\n\n\n2 | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8ce3b946-cad7-3118-9b7b-4ab0b8e538dc/EvacuationsHumanitairesetProtection-NoteduClusterProtection%C3%83%C2%A0l%27E%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 prendre en compte incluent les aspects suivants:\n\n\ni. Avant l\u2019\u00e9vacuation :\n# \uf0b7 Que les populations vis\u00e9es par la mesure d\u2019\u00e9vacuation soient confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une menace\n\nimm\u00e9diate sur la vie, de sorte que le but premier de la mesure d\u2019\u00e9vacuation soit de\nsauver des vies humaines, et que la relocalisation envisag\u00e9e s\u2019inscrive dans une strat\u00e9gie\nholistique de protection ;\n# \uf0b7 Que la mesure de relocalisation soit de port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et impersonnelle, sans\n\ndiscrimination bas\u00e9e sur le statut ou sur d\u2019autres crit\u00e8res similaires ;\n# \uf0b7 Qu\u2019un pr\u00e9avis raisonnable soit donn\u00e9 aux populations concern\u00e9es, avec des explications\n\nsur les raisons de l\u2019\u00e9vacuation humanitaire envisag\u00e9e et que les risques associ\u00e9s et les\noptions disponibles soient expliqu\u00e9s aux populations concern\u00e9es. Les ressortissants\nnig\u00e9riens qui souhaitent se relocaliser chez des membres de leur famille ou chez\nd\u2019autres relations \u00e0 Diffa ou ailleurs seront autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 le faire ;\n# \uf0b7 Que l\u2019\u00e9vacuation envisag\u00e9e ne soit pas permanente, mais plut\u00f4t limit\u00e9e dans le temps,\n\nde sorte que les populations vis\u00e9es conservent entre autres leurs droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9\nimmobili\u00e8re dans les localit\u00e9s \u00e9vacu\u00e9es ;\n# \uf0b7 Que les trajets emprunt\u00e9s par le/les convois de relocalisation soient s\u00e9curis\u00e9s ; \uf0b7 Qu\u2019un m\u00e9canisme fonctionnel existe pour identifier les cas de s\u00e9paration de familles\n\nsurvenant du fait de l\u2019\u00e9vacuation, et pour mener les d\u00e9marches en vue de la recherche\net de la r\u00e9unification des familles, avec une attention particuli\u00e8re aux enfants. Toutefois,\nles dispositions n\u00e9cessaires seront prises au pr\u00e9alable, pour pr\u00e9venir la s\u00e9paration des\nenfants de leurs parents, tuteur ou gardiens l\u00e9gaux, et pour pr\u00e9venir toutes les autres\nsituations de s\u00e9paration de famille ;\n# \uf0b7 Que l\u2019\u00e9vacuation reste volontaire et les acteurs humanitaires \u00e9ventuellement impliqu\u00e9s\n\naient les moyens de s\u2019en assurer en cas de besoin. Le CICR donnera conseil, y compris\nsur la question du caract\u00e8re volontaire des \u00e9vacuations ;\n# \uf0b7 Les autorit\u00e9s assureront un screening des personnes concern\u00e9es pour s\u2019assurer que\n\nseules les personnes non combattantes sont transport\u00e9es. Les personnes porteuses\nd\u2019armes ne seront ni embarqu\u00e9es ni h\u00e9berg\u00e9es avec les personnes civiles ou autrement\nnon-combattantes ;\n# \uf0b7 Que les futures communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes soient impliqu\u00e9es dans les discussions en vue de\n\npr\u00e9venir les conflits. Des repr\u00e9sentants des populations vis\u00e9es par la mesure\nd\u2019\u00e9vacuation pourront \u00eatre autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer une visite sur les sites propos\u00e9s pour la\nrelocalisation, sur le mod\u00e8le de visites _go and see_ .\n\nii. Pendant l\u2019\u00e9vacuation\n# \uf0b7 l\u2019organisation d\u2019un transport s\u00e9curis\u00e9 dans la dignit\u00e9 et les mesures d\u2019assistance\n\nhumanitaire durant tout le processus d\u2019\u00e9vacuation (au d\u00e9part, durant le transport et \u00e0\nl\u2019arriv\u00e9e) en faveur des personnes concern\u00e9es ;\n\n\n3 | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8ce3b946-cad7-3118-9b7b-4ab0b8e538dc/EvacuationsHumanitairesetProtection-NoteduClusterProtection%C3%83%C2%A0l%27E%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# \uf0b7 Les populations civiles ne seront pas priv\u00e9es des biens et objets indispensables \u00e0 leur\n\nsurvie ;\n# \uf0b7 Les malades, les femmes enceintes ou allaitantes, les enfants, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, les\n\npersonnes vivant avec handicap et toute autre personne ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques\nseront transport\u00e9s, trait\u00e9s et \u00e9ventuellement r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s avec le soin n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 par leur\ncondition particuli\u00e8re ;\n# \uf0b7 Le transport des populations \u00e9vacu\u00e9es sera effectu\u00e9 dans des conditions garantissant la\n\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dignit\u00e9, avec une attention particuli\u00e8re aux personnes ayant des besoins\nsp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n\niii. Apr\u00e8s les op\u00e9rations d\u2019\u00e9vacuation\n\n\n - La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sera assur\u00e9e aux populations civiles sur les sites de relocalisation et dans\n\ntous les cas, lesdits sites seront situ\u00e9s \u00e0 distance raisonnable des fronti\u00e8res. Les\nstandards humanitaires et la pratique internationale consacrent une distance d\u2019au\nmoins cinquante kilom\u00e8tres entre les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les fronti\u00e8res ;\n\n - La communaut\u00e9 humanitaire devra avoir un acc\u00e8s libre aux populations concern\u00e9es ;\n\n - Le droit des personnes, surtout pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes de revenir sur leur lieux\n\nd\u2019\u00e9tablissement initial sera promu et sa mise en \u0153uvre facilit\u00e9e, aussit\u00f4t que les\ncirconstances s\u00e9curitaires le permettront. Ceci inclut le droit pour les personnes\nrelocalis\u00e9es de recouvrer leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fonci\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res.\n\n### **2. Ressortissants Nig\u00e9rians ayant besoin de protection internationale**\n\n\nParmi les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, l\u2019on compte un grand nombre de\nressortissants du Nig\u00e9ria, remplissant les conditions n\u00e9cessaires pour le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9,\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la convention de Gen\u00e8ve de 1951 sur le statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00e0 la convention\nde l\u2019OUA de 1969 sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux lois et r\u00e8glements propres au Niger sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nnotamment la Loi de 1997 sur le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 de 2014 sur le statut des\nressortissants Nig\u00e9rians arrivant des \u00e9tats de l\u2019Adamawa, Yob\u00e9 et Borno dans la r\u00e9gion de\nDiffa.\n\nLa mesure de relocalisation devra \u00eatre de port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et impersonnelle, sans\ndiscrimination sur la base du statut ou d\u2019autres crit\u00e8res similaires. Concernant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nelle ne pourra pas aboutir \u00e0 un retour involontaire vers leur pays d\u2019origine, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que\nceci serait en contradiction avec les dispositions de l\u2019article 33 de la Convention de Gen\u00e8ve\nsur le statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et des lois et r\u00e8glements sur l\u2019asile au Niger, lesquels proscrivent le\nrefoulement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\nLes \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants seront pris en compte, concernant les ressortissants Nig\u00e9rians dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Diffa :\n# \uf0b7 La plupart des personnes vivant dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa ne portent pas de documents\n\nsusceptibles d\u2019\u00e9tablir leur nationalit\u00e9 avec certitude. Dans ces conditions, le risque est\nque des ressortissants Nig\u00e9riens soient trait\u00e9s comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et inversement. Un\n\n\n4 | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8ce3b946-cad7-3118-9b7b-4ab0b8e538dc/EvacuationsHumanitairesetProtection-NoteduClusterProtection%C3%83%C2%A0l%27E%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "m\u00e9canisme ad\u00e9quat devra donc \u00eatre mis en place pour \u00e9viter les confusions de\nnationalit\u00e9 ;\n# \uf0b7 Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des agences habilit\u00e9es \u00e0 ces personnes en vue d\u2019identifier et de\n\ndistinguer celles qui souhaiteront demander asile d\u2019une part, de celles qui manifesteront\nla volont\u00e9 de retourner au Nigeria d\u2019autre part, et de mettre \u00e0 leur disposition les\ninformations disponibles sur les lieux de retour, lesquelles leur permettront de prendre\nune telle d\u00e9cision en connaissance de cause ;\n# \uf0b7 Consid\u00e9rer la relocalisation de ces personnes dans un autre lieu plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9 en\n\nR\u00e9publique du Niger ;\n# \uf0b7 Sensibiliser les populations et les acteurs concern\u00e9s sur la non appartenance\n\nsyst\u00e9matique des ressortissants du Nig\u00e9ria, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et non r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00e0 la secte Boko\nHaram, et favoriser ainsi la coexistence pacifique entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\nLa disponibilit\u00e9 des pi\u00e8ces d'identit\u00e9 est un moyen important pour prot\u00e9ger la population y\ncompris contre la d\u00e9tention. Pour cette raison, les agences du syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies et\nles autres acteurs pertinents au Niger assisteront les autorit\u00e9s dans la mise en place d\u2019un\nsyst\u00e8me efficace d'enregistrement et de documentation des populations \u00e0 Diffa.\n\n## **3. Assistance et conseil sur les instruments juridiques nationaux et** **internationaux**\n\n\nDans le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire pr\u00e9valant actuellement dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa,\nle Syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies et les autres acteurs pertinents intensifieront leur appui aux\ndivers groupes th\u00e9matiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis en place par les autorit\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, en\nvue d\u2019une analyse continue de l\u2019impact humanitaire des actions que le gouvernement et les\nautres acteurs pertinents voudront bien prendre dans le respect de leurs obligations vis-\u00e0vis des principes humanitaires et de la protection internationale des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de\nprotection de la population civile .\n\nNiamey, le 6 Mai 2016\n\n\n5 | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8ce3b946-cad7-3118-9b7b-4ab0b8e538dc/EvacuationsHumanitairesetProtection-NoteduClusterProtection%C3%83%C2%A0l%27E%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_376/raw/doc_376_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_376/raw/doc_376_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 53728c829621b014a8201ee811ba19c31f1662ae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_376/raw/doc_376_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Executive summary**\n\n# **Justice for children in humanitarian action**\n\n**Scoping study to examine knowledge of CPMS 14 among child protection and juvenile justice practitioners**\n\n\n\n**Justice for children**\n**remains poorly**\n**understood and**\n**underfunded**\n\n\n**Boys and girls may**\n**come into contact with**\n**the law in various ways**\n**and contexts**\n\n\n**Fair and child-friendly**\n**procedures for all**\n**children in contact with**\n**the law, everywhere**\n\n\n\nChildren are always among the most vulnerable in an emergency. Emergencies\nboth exacerbate pre-existing protection concerns and create new ones. In\ntimes of crisis, girls and boys face increased risk of all forms of violence and\nexploitation.\n\n\nOne potentially life-saving area of child protection that remains poorly understood\nand underfunded in humanitarian contexts is justice for children. Child Protection\n\n\ncontexts: as victims, witnesses, (alleged) offenders or as part of the justice\nprocess. Often a child will come into contact with the law in a combination of\nthese roles. Justice for children is an important child protection issue to be\naddressed at all stages of an emergency (preparedness, assessment, response\nand reconstruction).\n\n\nDuring emergencies, child protection actors report that numbers of child victims,\nwitnesses and (alleged) offenders rise dramatically. Within conflict settings in\nparticular, when justice systems are weakened through under-investment and\nlack of regulation, normal rules of detention are often misapplied or unenforced.\nStandards to ensure the wellbeing of juveniles in the justice system may be unmet\nor disregarded. \u201cJustice for children\u201d aims to implement fair and child-friendly\nprocedures for all children in contact with the law.\n\n\nThe global Child Protection Working group commissioned a scoping study to\nexamine the current level of awareness and knowledge of Standard 14; to identify\nlessons learned on how justice is implemented in humanitarian contexts and\nchallenges to implementation at institutional, policy, operational and funding\nlevels. The research focused primarily on juvenile justice, with a lesser emphasis\non child victims and witnesses.\n\n\n\n1. Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, CPWG, 2012.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Literature review,**\n**survey and interviews**\n**with key informants**\n\n\n\nLiterature reviewed included documents used in development programming\nbecause of the acknowledged importance of building effective systems before\nthe emergency strikes, and because of the limited resources available in an\nexclusively humanitarian context. A survey asked about approaches to prevention,\nthe effective provision of justice for children in emergencies, coordinated\napproaches to the implementation of Standard 14, barriers and challenges and\nrecommendations. Key informant interviews were held with both child protection\npractitioners in humanitarian settings and juvenile justice experts.\n## **Findings**\n\n**Certain factors contribute significantly to a child coming into contact with**\n**the justice system in an emergency context:**\n\n\n- Loss or reduction of family income: 77%\n\n- Living on the streets: 63%\n\n- Loss of home, physical safety, displacement: 59% [2]\n\n\nThe Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action are based on\ninternational law, including human rights, humanitarian and refugee law.\n\n**Detention of children during crises**\n\n\nThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) considers deprivation of\nliberty in relation to non-international armed conflict as one area where existing\nInternational Humanitarian Law provisions need to be strengthened, including with\nregard to the most vulnerable groups such as children. [3]\n\n\nOf all the stages in a juvenile justice system, it is at first contact -- arrest and\nimmediately thereafter while in police custody -- that the accused is \u201cmost likely\nto be the victim of torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading\ntreatment.\u201d Girls may be especially vulnerable to sexual harassment and abuse.\nIt is at this stage that the juvenile is particularly likely to lack or be denied the\npresence of parents, social workers and legal representatives. Access may be\nmore difficult in an emergency context because detaining autorities obstruct\naccess to places of detention and interrogation, because the nature of the\nemergency makes access difficult or dangerous, or because there are too\nfew actors on the ground. Certain organisations such as the ICRC, UNICEF,\nor peacekeepers may have access to detained children at this stage during\nemergencies, but institutional working practices and the concern to maintain\nconfidentiality mean that little data or documentation can be shared. [4]\n\n**Refugee and internally displaced children face important protection risks**\n\n\nChildren crossing international borders may come in contact with the law when\nthey are registered as refugees and go through the asylum process.\n\n\n\n2. Percentage of respondents who rated the following factors as contributing \u201cmost significantly\u201d to children coming into contact with the law in emergency contexts.\n3. ICRC, Strengthening International Humanitarian Law, ongoing consultation: https://www.icrc.\norg/eng/what-we-do/other-activities/development-ihl/index.jsp [accessed 15 May 2015]\n4. Key informant interviews\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9602558612823486, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8523831963539124, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u201cIn the Ivory Coast, the**\n**socio-political crisis**\n**after 2002 and the**\n**post-election violence**\n**in 2010 caused massive**\n**displacement. Several**\n**displaced children**\n**ended up committing**\n**petty theft and other**\n**offences which led**\n**them into contact with**\n**the justice system.\u201d** **[6]**\n\n\n**\u201cIn Dadaab refugee**\n**camp, Kenya a four-**\n**year-old girl was**\n**held for murder, as**\n**she had allegedly**\n**kicked another child**\n**while playing and**\n**that child died as a**\n**consequence.\u201d** **[8]**\n\n\n**\u201cThe [military] police**\n**bother us at night. They**\n**ask for money, and if**\n**we have none, they**\n**threaten us with arrest**\n**and beat us.\u201d**\n\n**Street boy in Goma,**\n**DRC** **[12]**\n\n\n\nDuring an emergency, UNHCR and its partners aim to ensure that the national\nlegal system including law enforcement and courts of law cater to the needs of\nrefugees and other persons of concern. Despite these efforts, the problem of\nrefugee children in contact with the law is not fully addressed in practice. [5] The\nlegal and normative framework for internally displaced children, their families and\ncommunities is much weaker than for refugees, resulting in significant protection\ngaps, access to justice and other justice-related issues.\n\n\nIn several countries, children displaced by conflict face a high risk of arrest\nand detention for immigration or administrative offences, anti-social behaviour,\nbreaking curfew, or survival-related activities such as begging, stealing, living and\nworking in the streets. Like other groups of vulnerable children, refugee and IDP\nchildren are at risk of spending longer periods in detention because they have\nfew relatives or community members advocating for their release or paying a fine,\nespecially those that are unaccompanied or separated.\n\n**Unaccompanied and separated children are an especially vulnerable group**\n\n\nThe United Nations General Assembly requested that unaccompanied children\nbe given special assistance and care because they face particular risks, including\nneglect, violence, forced military recruitment, sexual assault, abuse, and infectious\ndiseases. [7] However, in large-scale displacement crises, local security forces and\njustice actors are typically overwhelmed with often only one police post in each\ncamp and mobile courts intervening at irregular intervals. The caseload involving\nchildren is huge and routinely hampered by language barriers between the\ndisplaced community and the national authorities.\n\n**Communities often prefer informal or traditional justice mechanisms**\n\n\nThe application of informal justice or traditional justice mechanisms is sometimes\npreferred by displaced communities and there may be a particular desire by such\ncommunities to avoid contact with the police or formal justice system, due to fear\nof arrest or refoulement. [9]\n\n\nAs in other settings, there are no formal, written rules in the Palestinian refugee\ncamps of Southern Lebanon, which are some of the oldest in the world. The\nLebanese laws apply to all girls and boys regardless of their nationality. [10]\nHowever, due to the de facto autonomy of the camps, Lebanese justice actors do\nnot enforce national law, which is why these communities have long resorted to an\ninformal justice system based on tradition. This means the process of determining\nwhat constitutes an offence or crime lies in the hands of the traditional authorities,\nwhose priority is to ensure harmony in the wider community and not necessarily\nthe best interests of the child. [11]\n\n\n\nInfluencing the application of traditional justice systems in a way that makes\nthem more child-friendly requires not only a good knowledge of the mechanisms\napplied but also the trust of the traditional actors.\n\n5. Many aspects of protection are not applied, especially in countries that have not signed the 1951 Refugee Convention such as Jordan or Lebanon.\n6. Respondent\n7. UNGA Resolution 68/179 on the Protection of Migrants (2013).\n8. Respondent\n9. A central tenet of refugee law, refoulement concerns the protection of refugees from being returned or expelled to places where their lives or wellbeing could be threatened.\n10. See Terre des hommes. An Informal Juvenile Justice System Assessment: Palestinian refugee camps and gatherings, Tyre Area, South Lebanon. Lausanne. (2011).\n11. As above.\n12. What Future? Street children in the DRC. Human Rights Watch, 2006.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**In Iraq, as of April**\n**2008, 1,500 children**\n**were held in detention.**\n**The youngest was**\n**only 10 years old.**\n**Since the start of**\n**the conflict in 2003,**\n**hundreds of children**\n**have been detained on**\n**security and terrorism**\n**charges.** **[13]**\n\n\n\n**Street and working children are at high risk of coming into contact**\n**with the justice system**\n\n\nChildren who live on the street and/or who engage in economic activities\nin emergency settings are vulnerable and face a high risk of coming into\ncontact with the law.\n\n\nIn humanitarian emergencies, girls and boys are often sent to work to\nsupplement the family income. In addition to the violence they may\nexperience from security forces while working or sleeping on the street, they\nmay also experience physical violence from passers-by, sexual exploitation\nand abuse, or robbery of their income. [14]\n\n**Children may become associated with armed forces or armed groups**\n**and children perceived as a security threat**\n\n\nIn post-conflict situations, courts and tribunals have repeatedly deliberated\nover the issue of prosecuting children for their involvement in armed conflict.\nWhen a State or an international court considers prosecuting a child, the two\nkey questions are whether the court has jurisdiction to try a case against the\nchild and whether the child has criminal responsibility. [15]\n\n\nIn recent years, children linked with jihadist or terrorist groups have become\na more prominent phenomenon. International law and a rights-based\napproach have led global child protection circle to assert that these girls and\nboys are above all victims. Nonetheless, in many communities worldwide\nthe belief remains that these children are criminals and should be treated\naccordingly.\n\n\nA recent and under-researched phenomenon affecting children associated\nwith armed forces and groups is their involvement in piracy activities. There\nis a demonstrable link with emergency situations as countries most affected\nby piracy are among the top 15 most fragile states. [16]\n\n**Incidences of sexual and gender-based violence rise during**\n**emergencies**\n\n\nEvidence suggests that rates of sexual and gender-based violence rise in\nall emergencies. This may be attributed to the destabilisation of social and\nfamily structures, as well as increased social and economic pressures. [17] In\npost-earthquake Haiti, many agencies documented increasing rates of rape,\nother types of gender-based violence and child marriage. The underlying\nproblem was impunity and absence of justice because girls and women\u2019s\naccess to justice and proper protection was limited. Judges, policemen and\nprosecutors were not well-trained. [18]\n\n\n\n13. Working Paper No. 12. Special Representative of the Secretary General, Children and Armed Confict, Children and Justice, United Nations, p.33.\n14. See CPMS Standard 12 on Child labour.\n15. For the ongoing debate on the age of criminal responsibility, as well as the practices at international and national courts and tribunals cf. Office Office of the Special Representative Of\nthe Secretary-General for Children in Armed Conflict. Children And Justice During And In The Aftermath Of Armed Conflict. United Nations. New York. (2011), p. 34-38.\n16. Whitman, S., Williamson, H., Sloan M., & Fanning, L. (2012). Dalhousie Marine Piracy Project: Children and Youth in Marine Piracy - Causes, Consequences and the Way Forward. (Marine Affairs Program Technical Report #5), p.2\n17. Plan: Because I am a Girl. The State of the World\u2019s Girl 2013: In Double Jeopardy: Adolescent Girls and Disasters, 2013, p. 72.\n18. As above.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**In humanitarian settings, justice for children activities are chronically underfunded**\n\n\n**The needs of children in contact with the law are overlooked**\n\n\n\nactivities\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nterm\nresponse\nactivities\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **How significant are the following non-financial barriers to effective emergency** **programming for justice for children?**\n\n\n\nLittle\nsupport for\nprogrammes\nfrom headquarters as\njustice is not\na priority for\nyour organisation\n\n\n\nLack of\nawareness\n\n\n\nLack of\ntools and\nguidance\n\n\nExtremely significant\n\n\nVery significant\n\n\n\nLack of\nmeaningful\nconsultation\nwith children\n\n\n\nJustice for\nchildren\nprogramming is too\ncomplex and\nlong-term to\ntackle in the\nmidst of an\nemergency\n\n\n\nAccess to\naffected\nchildren is\ndifficult\n\n\n\nLack of\ncapacity\nbuilding opportunities\nlead to lack\nof capable\nimplementing organisations\n\n\n\nQuality of\nassessment\ninformation is too\npoor for\nprogramme\ndesign\n\n\n\nJustice for\nchildren\nactivities are\nmainstreamed\ninto general\nresponse\nactivities,\ndiluting their\neffectiveness\n\n\n\nWeak\ninter-sector/\ninter-cluster\ncoordination\n\n\n\nModerately significant\n\n\nSlightly significant\n\n\nNot at all significant\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Advocacy with authorities and community engagement are important ways of protecting children in**\n**contact with the law**\n\n\nIn C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the establishment of a tracking system for children in detention facilities has been effective, as\nhas advocacy for the liberty of children in abusive detention. [14]\n\n\nIn Egypt, groups of social workers have been present during political protests \u2013 an unusual but effective\napproach to protect children from arrest. [15]\n\n\nIn Colombia, successful advocacy with officials has helped prevent the government reneging on promises/\nsteps to harmonise local law with the international child rights commitments and standards. [16]\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\nThere is an ongoing need for further research into programming and funding for justice for children, including\npreparedness and resilience as well as informal and traditional justice mechanisms. Meanwhile, respondents\nidentified four priorities to be addressed by the global CPWG and other actors:\n\n\n1. Develop tools and guidance around Standard 14 both as a stand-alone area of programming and one that is\nwoven into other child protection interventions. This should include a briefing and checklist for child protection\npractitioners responding in the first phase of an emergency.\n\n\n2. Increase capacity of child protection actors (including through distance learning), relating specifically to\njustice for children in emergency settings.\n\n\n3. Increase donor interest across sectors, in a way that the gap between development funding and\nhumanitarian programmes can be bridged.\n\n\n4. Advocate for the development and support of long term projects in emergency-prone countries that can be\nadapted in times of crisis.\n\n\n19. Respondent\n20. Respondent\n21. Respondent\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9b59cfc-9e31-3d3a-a361-0fd98b660826/Exec_summary_Justice_for_children_22062015_FINAL%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_377/raw/doc_377_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_377/raw/doc_377_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0bc1febf522065622c46f405bd3030582fc15151..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_377/raw/doc_377_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### SAVE OUR FUTURE\n# Averting an Education Catastrophe for the World\u2019s Children\n\n#### Executive Summary\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**[Save Our Future](http://www.saveourfuture.world/)** is a global coalition of diverse voices all uniting to deliver a simple, yet powerful\nmessage amidst the COVID-19 crisis: **Save Our Future.**\n\nThis campaign, supported by hundreds of organizations worldwide, is driving awareness and emphasizing the connection between education and advancing the other UN Sustainable Development\nGoals; showcasing education solutions and innovations backed by evidence-based research; bringing\ntogether youth, their communities, and a wide range of stakeholders to promote collaboration; and\nengaging people around the world on the scale of the education crisis and the urgent need to respond.\n\nAs part of the Save Our Future campaign, this white paper aims to develop a common narrative\naround the impact of COVID-19 on education and key actions needed to protect education.\n\nFor more information on Save Our Future, visit [www.saveourfuture.world](http://www.saveourfuture.world/)\n\n\nTHIS PAPER IS ISSUED BY:\n\n\nTHIS PAPER IS ENDORSED BY:\n(We welcome organizations to add their endorsement of this white paper and join this growing list.\nSupporting organizations can express their endorsement and the complete list will be available on\nthe [campaign website.)](https://saveourfuture.world)\n\n\n\n[Africa Matters Initiative](https://www.africamattersinitiative.com/)\n\n[African Centre for Education](http://www.cledaafrica.org/)\n[Development](http://www.cledaafrica.org/)\n\n[African Centre for Education](http://www.cledaafrica.org/)\n[Development (CLEDA Africa)](http://www.cledaafrica.org/)\n\n[African Institute for Development](https://www.afidep.org/)\n[Policy (AFIDEP)](https://www.afidep.org/)\n\n\n\n[ALL-AFRICA STUDENTS UNION (AASU)](https://www.aasuonline.org/)\n\n[Association Montessori Internationale](http://www.montessori-ami.org/)\n\n[Azerbaijan Union of Disabled People](http://www.udpo.az/)\n[Organisations (UDPO)](http://www.udpo.az/)\n\n[Black Women in Science](https://www.instagram.com/bwis_element/?hl=en)\n\n[Books of Joy](http://www.booksofjoy.org/)\n\n\n\n[BPW Spain](http://www.bpw-spain.org/)\n\n[Brain Builders Youth Development](https://thebrainbuilders.org/)\n[Initiative (BBYDI)](https://thebrainbuilders.org/)\n\n[Bridge](https://www.bridgeinternationalacademies.com/)\n\n[BudgIT](http://www.yourbudgit.com/)\n\n[Building Tomorrow](http://www.buildingtomorrow.org/)\n\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Bureau International Catholique de](http://bice.org/)\n[l\u2019Enfance (BICE)](http://bice.org/)\n\n[Cameroon Education For All Network](http://www.cefan-coalition.org/)\n[(CEFAN)](http://www.cefan-coalition.org/)\n\n[The Center for the Study of the](http://cseaafrica.org/)\n[Economies of Africa (CSEA)](http://cseaafrica.org/)\n\n[CENTRAL SQUARE FOUNDATION](http://www.centralsquarefoundation.org/)\n\n[ChildFund International](http://childfund.org/)\n\n[Coaches Across Continents](https://coachesacrosscontinents.org/)\n\n[COBURWAS International Youth](https://www.coburwas.org/impact)\n[Organization to Transform Africa](https://www.coburwas.org/impact)\n[(CIYOTA)](https://www.coburwas.org/impact)\n\n[Destiny Community Centre](https://destiny-school.jimdosite.com/)\n\n[Dignitas](https://dignitasproject.org/)\n\n[Disability Partnership Finland -](https://www.vammaiskumppanuus.fi/)\n[Vammaiskumppanuus](https://www.vammaiskumppanuus.fi/)\n\n[Dream a Dream](http://dreamadream.org/)\n\n[EdTech Hub](http://edtechhub.org/)\n\n[Educate Girls](https://www.educategirls.ngo/)\n\n[Educate!](http://www.experienceeducate.org/)\n\n[Eidos Global](https://www.eidosglobal.org/)\n\n[F\u00e9d\u00e9ration camerounaise des](http://www.fecase.csfef.org/)\n[syndicats de l\u2019\u00e9ducation (FECASE)](http://www.fecase.csfef.org/)\n\n[Fondation Zakoura Education](http://www.fondationzakoura.org/)\n\n[Foundation for Information](http://fit-ed.org/)\n[Technology Education and](http://fit-ed.org/)\n[Development (FIT-ED)](http://fit-ed.org/)\n\n[Generation Unlimited](https://www.generationunlimited.org/)\n\n[Ghana National Education Campaign](https://www.facebook.com/www.gneccgh.org/)\n[Coalition](https://www.facebook.com/www.gneccgh.org/)\n\n[Girls Not Brides: The Global](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/)\n[Partnership to End Child Marriage](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/)\n\n[Global Network of Deans of](https://www.education-deans.org)\n[Education](https://www.education-deans.org)\n\n\n\n[Humanity & Inclusion (HI)](https://hi.org/en/advocacy)\n\n[Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi](http://itacec.org/)\n\n[Impact Bridges Group](https://www.impactbridgesgroup.com/)\n\n[Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)](http://www.poverty-action.org/)\n\n[International Climate Change](http://www.iccdiafrica.org/)\n[Development Initiative - ICCDI Africa](http://www.iccdiafrica.org/)\n\n[International Council for Education](http://icevi.org/)\n[of People with Visual Impairment](http://icevi.org/)\n[(ICEVI)](http://icevi.org/)\n\nJESHURUN CHARITABLE TRUST\n\n[Jesuit Refugee Service/USA](http://www.jrs.net/)\n\nKadesh International\n\n[LADIES CONNECT](https://www.facebook.com/Ladies-Connect-466441143886133/)\n\n[LEGO Foundation](https://www.legofoundation.com/en/)\n\n[Lesotho National Federation of](http://www.lnfod.org.ls/)\n[Organizations of the Disabled](http://www.lnfod.org.ls/)\n[(LNFOD)](http://www.lnfod.org.ls/)\n\n[Liliane Fonds](https://www.lilianefonds.org/)\n\n[Luigi Giussani Institute of Higher](http://www.lgihe.org/)\n[Education (LGIHE)](http://www.lgihe.org/)\n\n[Magis Americas](http://magisamericas.org/)\n\n[Make Mothers Matter (MMM)](http://www.makemothersmatter.org/)\n\n[Malala Fund](https://malala.org/)\n\n[Maths for Girls](http://www.lifematics.com.ng/)\n\n[ONE](https://www.one.org/)\n\n[ONG El Ghad Essihi pour le](https://web.facebook.com/pages/category/Non-Governmental-Organization--NGO-/ONG-Egedpem-1122885444525922/?_rdc=1&_rdr)\n[D\u00e9veloppement et la Protection](https://web.facebook.com/pages/category/Non-Governmental-Organization--NGO-/ONG-Egedpem-1122885444525922/?_rdc=1&_rdr)\n[de l'Environnement en Mauritanie](https://web.facebook.com/pages/category/Non-Governmental-Organization--NGO-/ONG-Egedpem-1122885444525922/?_rdc=1&_rdr)\n[(EGEDPEM)](https://web.facebook.com/pages/category/Non-Governmental-Organization--NGO-/ONG-Egedpem-1122885444525922/?_rdc=1&_rdr)\n\n[Paper Boat](http://www.paperboatcharity.org.uk/)\n\n[PDRC International](http://www.pdrcus.org/)\n\n[ProFuturo Foundation](https://profuturo.education/)\n\n[Red LINC Am\u00e9rica Latina](http://www.conocerparaincidir.org/)\n\n\n\n[Rescue Life of Children](http://www.rlcss.org/)\n\n[Research for Equitable Access and](https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/real/)\n[Learning (REAL) Centre, Faculty of](https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/real/)\n[Education, University of Cambridge](https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/real/)\n\n[Rising Generation](http://www.risinggeneration.org/)\n\n[Rural Infrastructure and Human](http://www.rihrdolakki.org/)\n[Resource Development Organization](http://www.rihrdolakki.org/)\n[(Rihrdo)](http://www.rihrdolakki.org/)\n\n[Salzburg Global Seminar](http://www.salzburgglobal.org/)\n\n[Scholas Occurrentes Pontifcal](http://www.scholasoccurrentes.org/)\n[Foundation](http://www.scholasoccurrentes.org/)\n\n[Serve Ourselves](https://www.serveourselves.org/)\n\n[Sesame Workshop](https://www.sesameworkshop.org/)\n\n[The SMERU Research Institute](http://www.smeru.or.id/)\n\n[Spotlight for Transparency and](http://www.spotlightng.org/)\n[Accountability (ST&A)](http://www.spotlightng.org/)\n\n[Teach for All](https://teachforall.org/)\n\n[TEACH C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire](http://www.teachcotedivoire.com/)\n\n[Teach for the Philippines](http://www.teachforthephilippines.com/)\n\n[Teach For Uganda](https://teachforuganda.org/)\n\n[Teenage Education and](https://teenagenetwork.org/)\n[Empowerment Network (Teenage](https://teenagenetwork.org/)\n[Network)](https://teenagenetwork.org/)\n\n[Theirworld](https://theirworld.org/index.php)\n\n[Tony Blair Institute for Global Change](https://institute.global/)\n\n[UWC International](http://www.uwc.org/)\n\n[Uwezo Uganda](https://uwezouganda.org/)\n\n[VICKSLY FOUNDATION](http://www.vickslyfoundation.org/)\n\n[VVOB - education for development](https://www.vvob.org/)\n\n[Watch on Basic Rights Afghanistan](http://www.wbrao.org/)\n[Org (WBRAO)](http://www.wbrao.org/)\n\n[Young 1ove Organisation](http://www.young1ove.org/)\n\n[ZOA](http://www.zoa-international.com/)\n\n\n\n_Please note that issuing and endorsing organizations have expressed broad agreement on the priorities and_\n_evidence supporting the priorities set out in this paper. However, this text should not be considered as the for-_\n_mal policy position of any organization and some organizations may have differing views on the details within_\n_certain action areas._\n\n_The development of the White Paper was supported by funding_\n_from the Atlassian Foundation and the LEGO Foundation._\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Executive Summary\n\nThe coronavirus (COVID-19) has disrupted education systems across the world, forcing school closures that have affected 90 percent of the world\u2019s students. These closures have had devastating\nimpacts on children and their ability to exercise their human right to education. Education systems\nwere already in crisis even before the pandemic and are now facing the likelihood of drastic budget cuts. If governments and development partners do not act immediately, this crisis could turn\ninto a catastrophe from which millions of children may never recover. The vital news is\u2014there are\nsolutions and a way forward that turns this crisis into an opportunity, but only if we act together with\nurgency now.\n\n**\u2022** **Millions of children are missing out on education, going hungry, and becoming increasingly**\n**vulnerable to early marriage, child labor, and violence** . At the height of the crisis, the vast\nmajority of children globally had their education interrupted. At least a third of these\u2014in particularly the poorest children\u2014did not have access to any remote learning. About 370 million\nchildren missed out on free or subsidized school meals and the number of families struggling\nto put food on the table has doubled during the pandemic; for the most vulnerable children,\nschool meals may be their only regular source of nourishment. When not in school, girls face\nadditional risks of child marriage and child pregnancy, and 7.6 million girls from pre-primary to\nsecondary school are at risk of not returning to school as a result of COVID-19.\n\n**\u2022** **The pre-existing learning crisis is becoming a catastrophe.** A huge number of the world\u2019s children were learning very little even before the pandemic hit and have now been set back even\nfurther. Before COVID-19, more than 175 million children\u2014nearly half of all pre-primary-age\nchildren globally\u2014were not enrolled in pre-primary education and 258 million children were\nout of primary and secondary school. Perhaps even more shockingly, far greater numbers of\nchildren were in school but not learning. In low-income countries, a staggering 90 percent of\nchildren are in \"learning poverty\" meaning that they are not even learning to read a basic text\nby the age of 10. Most of these children are in school but learning very little. Across all low- and\nmiddle-income countries, 53 percent of children are in learning poverty already and this could\ngo up to 62 percent as a result of the pandemic (Figure 1).\n\n**\u2022** **Inequality is being exacerbated.** Globally the differences between the privileged and those\nmost left behind are being amplified. Within countries there is huge inequality with children\nfacing multiple forms of marginalization falling the furthest behind. For example, in at least\n20 countries where data is available, almost no poor and rural female students complete upper secondary school. However, the differences between countries are even more stark: the\nbest-performing students in low-income countries have learning outcomes far below the lowest-performing students in high-income countries. Online learning is providing a lifeline to education to those who can access it, but the evidence clearly shows that it is driving even greater\ninequality. Connection to the internet or even to lower-tech solutions such as television are not\na realistic prospect for hundreds of millions of children in the short term and, even if they were,\nconnectivity alone in the absence of good quality teaching is not effective in driving learning.\nAs budgets fall and as attention is focused on online learning, there is an increased risk that\npoor and marginalized children will be left even further behind.\n\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Countries facing this impending catastrophe have a seemingly impossible task** . While there are\nmany actions which could improve education, budget pressures will mean that governments will\nneed to make difficult choices and ruthlessly prioritize the most cost-effective interventions for\nthose children left furthest behind. Recent estimates suggest significant cuts in budgets in low- and\nmiddle-income countries, combined with increased financing needs due to remediation, re-enrollment, second-chance programs, and infrastructure costs. In the likeliest scenarios, this means that\nlow- and lower-middle-income countries could face an _annual_ financing gap of between USD $178\nand $193 billion over the next 10 years. This is many multiples more than the current annual ODA\nallocated to education, which stood at just $16 billion in 2018. [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n**Education is clearly a victim of the pandemic, but it can also be a key driver of the recovery** . Education creates the health workers, educators, entrepreneurs, engineers, activists, and politicians\nessential for creating more resilient systems for the future. Education is at the heart of the entire\nsustainable development agenda, benefiting global economies and individual incomes, and serving as a powerful driver for healthy populations and a peaceful planet. Protecting and upholding\nthe human right to education is the key to addressing the economic, health, environmental, and\nsocial crises we face\u2014and the opportunity to build back better.\n\n**We need to get foundational learning right for all children and young people.** Education is a\nsource of hope and many have inspiring visions to use the pandemic to reset education systems so\n\n\n1 All financing figures and estimates used in this paper are calculated and/or provided in US dollars.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "they can deliver better: harnessing connectivity and integrated technological solutions; delivering\npersonalized learning to all; and building the skills required for innovation and lifelong learning.\nThis paper is inspired by this hopeful vision. However, it also conveys a stark message\u2014the future\nreality for vast swathes of the world\u2019s children will continue to be illiteracy and wasted potential\nunless we take urgent and radical action. The starting point for this action needs to be inclusive,\nengaging, and adaptive education that builds foundational skills including literacy, numeracy, and\nsocio-emotional learning for all learners at all levels of education. Foundational skills can no longer\nbe viewed as one priority amongst many. We need to make the case that developing these skills\nacross the entire school system and at all ages must be the key priority in low- and middle-income\ncountries. This does not mean other skills or higher levels of education should be ignored. It does\nmean, however, that we urgently need to raise awareness of the scale of the crisis in foundational\nlearning and drive radical and sustained action to tackle it.\n\n**Education and health are society\u2019s most foundational investments** and the two must be in balance and harmony. They make up two of our fundamental human rights: the right to a standard of\nliving adequate for health and well-being (Article 25) and the right to education (Article 26). If we\nfail with these foundational investments, we fail the next generation and the future of our societies.\nOther Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), like climate action, will never be achieved without\neducation. Education is the only way to sustainably #SaveOurFuture.\n\n###### **We propose seven action areas to help guide the global** **community and local actors as they work to Save Our Future:**\n\n\n### **1**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 1**\n**Prioritize reopening schools, deliver vital services to**\n**children, and treat the workforce as frontline workers**\n\n\n\nSchool closures were necessary to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are great costs to children from being away from school. Governments will need to reopen schools as soon as it is safe\nto do so, make concerted efforts to get children back into school, and ensure that vital services\nincluding nutrition, physical and mental health services, WASH, and child protection services are\nput in place urgently to support children as well as the workforce in and outside of school.\n\n**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- All levels of government to take all possible measures to **reopen schools safely as soon as**\n**possible** based on balanced and contextualized analysis that considers international and national safety guidelines and dialogue with the education workforce and their representative\norganizations. Measures should be taken to ensure women\u2019s participation in dialogue and\ndecision-making. Taking all possible measures to reopen safely includes upgrading hygiene\nservices, implementing physical distancing measures, and ensuring the needs of children and\nmembers of the workforce with disabilities, refugee children, and girls are explicitly considered\nand that policies do not prohibit pregnant girls or mothers from returning to school.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Governments, donors, agencies, and civil society to **ensure that all children, particularly the**\n**most marginalized, are able to return to school** through the roll out of communications campaigns, scaling up school meals, and targeted cash transfers.\n\n- School leaders, teachers, and other members of the education workforce (through their representative organizations) to **actively participate** **in planning and preparing for school reopen-**\n**ings**, prioritizing their students\u2019 and their own health and well-being needs.\n\n- National governments to **treat the education workforce as frontline workers** and ensure their\nsafety; physical and mental well-being; labor rights, including decent work and regular and\ntimely pay, whether they are in the public or private sector; and capacity building so they can\nsupport safe school reopening. Measures should consider gendered dimensions of school\nclosures and reopening.\n\n- Country governments and international organizations \u2013 working with partners in the ACT Accelerator, including WHO, GAVI, and CEPI as conveners of the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility \u2013 to **advocate for teachers and the education workforce to be treated**\n**as essential workers,** initiating dialogue with multisectoral coalitions to ensure teachers are\nincluded in priority access to COVID-19 testing, treatment, and vaccines. National governments\nto monitor school reopenings, including tracking COVID-19 cases for students and the education workforce, and ensuring a decision model is in place for reclosing and reopening schools\nas needed where transmission rates increase in accordance with international human rights\n(e.g. right to privacy, right to education) and standards.\n\n- All levels of governments to **ensure vital services** such as school feeding, WASH, physical and\nmental health services, and child protection services are delivered as soon as schools are reopened, especially to the most marginalized.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- All levels of governments and development partners to **increase collaboration and coordi-**\n**nation** - in financing, data, and research across the health, social, and education sectors, in\n[accordance with data protection norms (UN, 2018), to maximize the safety and health of and](https://social.un.org/publications/UN-Flagship-Report-Disability-Final.pdf)\nprovide holistic support for all students and the education workforce.\n\n\n### **2**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 2**\n**Make education inclusive, engaging, and adaptive**\n\n\n\nWe propose adaptive education systems characterized by inclusive and engaging teaching which\nbuilds the skills children need to flourish. Many children are not learning because the teaching\nthey receive is not engaging and is not aligned to their level. We propose urgent action to measure learning as children return to school and \"meet them where they are\" by providing engaging,\ndifferentiated instruction matched to their learning levels. This will be vital in the short term, but if\naligning education systems with learning becomes the new normal, this could also have tremendous longer-term impacts.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- Government agencies responsible for education workforce and curricula to **commit to driving**\n**inclusive, interactive, and adaptive pedagogy** and, with support from development partners,\nto adapt the system to ensure this is delivered (see also Action Area 3).\n\n- All levels of governments, with support from development partners, to **support schools to exe-**\n**cute simple, rapid assessments of all students\u2019 learning levels** upon their return to school and\nas regular practice and to urgently implement differentiated instruction to ensure all children\nachieve foundational learning.\n\n- Governments globally to endorse and support the process led by UNESCO to **develop and**\n**adopt intermediate benchmarks for SDG indicators** as a key driver of the focus on learning.\n\n- CSOs and development partners to build broad cross-sectoral coalitions **to gather and pub-**\n**licize learning outcome data** ; to **amplify the urgent need to address the learning crisis** to\nthe broader public, and to step in to **provide interventions** (through formal and/or non-formal\neducation) to build critical skills and knowledge to contribute to the SDGs.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- All levels of governments, with support from development partners, and in consultation with\nemployers to **perform analyses on alignment (or misalignment) of systems/stakeholders\u2019**\n**incentives and related accountabilities;** [2] to **strengthen their data systems** and capacity to\nmeasure learning and access (disaggregated for marginalized groups); to **ensure that results**\n**are used** to improve the teaching and learning process; and to take advantage of upcoming\ncycles of reform to **reorient curricula and pedagogy** to build the knowledge and skills needed\nto drive sustainable development and meet the needs of the labor market.\n\n\n### **3**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 3**\n**Strengthen the education workforce**\n\n\n\nThe scale of the education crisis means that we need to harness the entire education workforce to\nsupport teaching and learning and ensure quality education for all children. By creating teacher-led\nlearning teams with children at the center, children will benefit from education professionals, parents, the community, and health and welfare sectors, all working together to maximize children\u2019s\nlearning, inclusion, and welfare. There is also an urgent need to provide leaders, teachers, and\nother members of the workforce with the data, support, and development they need to shift to\nmore inclusive, engaging, and adaptive teaching approaches and to prioritize support to those\nwho need it the most.\n\n\n2 For example, using the recent methodology developed jointly by FCDO, forthcoming\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- Local education authorities and schools in collaboration with teachers, communities, and other\nsectors to **take immediate steps to maximize support for student learning by creating stu-**\n**dent-centered learning teams** - for example, by supporting teachers with existing teaching\nand learning roles (such as teacher trainees); teaming the most experienced and strongest\nteachers with those with less experience; and recruiting and training community members and\nparents as \"community education workers\" to support differentiated instruction, continuity of\nlearning, and the welfare and inclusion of all children.\n\n- All levels of governments to work with teacher education institutions to **provide rapid evi-**\n**dence-based professional development for the highest-need teachers** (based on evidence\nsuch as learner assessments and other data). This could include content knowledge, strategies for differentiated instruction, effective pedagogy (particularly for building foundational\nskills), no- and low-tech ways of teaching and learning remotely, and working in learning teams.\nSchool-centered and collaborative approaches including coaching should be used where possible and technology harnessed where proven and available.\n\n- All levels of governments to **provide school leaders with resources, evidence for deci-**\n**sion-making, and clear and timely guidance to successfully navigate crisis responses and**\n**professional development** that enables safe school reopening, undertaking immediate learner\nassessments, remote and blended learning, and facilitating collaborative professional development.\n\n- All levels of governments to use data-driven approaches to **improve the quality and** **availabil-**\n**ity of teachers in the most marginalized areas**, for example through incentives to address\nworkforce needs and gender, inclusion, and specific subject gaps; improve attendance; re-allocation of qualified teachers at a local level; and sharing shortage expertise and specialist skills\nacross schools in person and remotely, supported by technology where appropriate.\n\n- National and local governments to create the policies and structures, including legislative measures, to **ensure fair, inclusive, and effective social and policy dialogue** with members of the\nworkforce in both public and private sectors and proactively engage the workforce in formal\ndecision-making, including in Local Education Groups or their equivalent. This dialogue should\nbe continuous so it can respond in a timely way to changing contexts.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- All levels of government, with support from development partners, to **commit to longer-term**\n**strengthening of the workforce** - including transforming initial teacher education; exploring\nalternative routes into teaching to address teacher shortages; providing evidence-based collaborative professional development for all members of the workforce; establishing the policies, funding, and structures to uphold the rights of the workforce, ensuring social and policy dialogue with them and their representative organizations; collecting key data on the workforce\nto aid decision-making and evaluating what does and does not work.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessments and other data", - "confidence": 0.5630298256874084, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school leaders", - "confidence": 0.6597985625267029, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **4**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 4**\n**Focus education technology (EdTech) where it is proven**\n**to be effective and most equitable**\n\n\n\nThere is increasing interest and support for using EdTech to transform education, but also a real\nrisk of exacerbating marginalization through increasing access for the most privileged and diverting\nresources from the fundamentals of an education system. Appropriate use of EdTech should be integrated in efforts to strengthen education systems, particularly by expanding data systems, enhancing\nteacher and workforce development, and promoting inclusion and equity of learning outcomes.\n\n**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- Development partners and all levels of governments with existing EdTech programs to carry out\nanalysis and appropriate action to **ensure they are not exacerbating marginalization**, to consider the opportunity costs of focusing on EdTech solutions, and to consider pivoting to user-centered approaches which are likely to generate maximum benefit for the most marginalized.\n\n- National governments to use open curricular content and to **ensure that there will be low- or**\n**no-cost ways for teachers, parents, and students to access** content digitally, offline, through\nradio, through television, or in print.\n\n- Multilateral and bilateral organizations, national governments, and the private sector to **co-cre-**\n**ate mechanisms to share openly licensed, printable, and editable content for the core cur-**\n**riculum**, including teacher guides, structured lesson plans, textbooks, workbooks, teacher professional development materials, and other resources in accessible, user-friendly formats and\nlocal languages, differentiated for learning level.\n\n- National governments, multilateral and bilateral organizations, and the private sector to **engage**\n**creatively in mechanisms and partnerships to increase funding for connectivity (without im-**\n**pacting education budgets),** including the use of licensing and renewals to internet service\nproviders on provisions of allocating connectivity to under-resourced schools and households.\n\n- National governments with support from development partners to **strengthen education man-**\n**agement information system (EMIS) data collection** to ensure enrollment, attendance, transition, and learning data is measured for all students (including those who are currently \"invisible\"); ensure data is collected on all roles within the education workforce; and ensure data is\ndisaggregated for marginalized groups and available in a timely manner to education stakeholders for data-driven, evidence-based decision-making while maintaining high standards of\nprivacy and data protection.\n\n- Researchers, development partners, and governments to **rapidly test technology-based ap-**\n**proaches to scale up effective workforce professional development and collaboration** (e.g.\nto facilitate peer collaboration, strengthen school-based communities of practice, and disseminate open educational resources [OER]) with a focus on effective teaching practices for improved learning outcomes.\n\n- Governments with support from development partners and researchers to **test and evaluate**\n**child-centered approaches to learning** **for the most marginalized** with emphasis on contextualization, needs identification, relevance, and cost-effectiveness.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Ministries of education, local governments, and development partners with support from national governments to **support, train, and capacitate households (parents)** to actively and\nappropriately engage with their children\u2019s distance learning experience.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- Governments with support from development partners to **strengthen and contextualize research**\n**and testing on tech-enabled solutions**, including generating a robust and relevant evidence base\nfor such interventions, testing solutions with a wide variety of local stakeholders and possible end\nusers, as well as ensuring inclusion at the core of the design and delivery of such solutions.\n\n\n### **5**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 5**\n**Protect education budgets and target public spending**\n**at those left furthest behind**\n\n\n\nGovernments across the world are facing enormous financial pressures and these are particularly\nmagnified for low- and middle-income countries. Reductions in public spending on education will be\nfurther exacerbated by declines in household spending, often an important component of education\nspending in low-income countries. We urge governments to grow public revenues where possible,\nprotect education spending as a critical component in the COVID-19 recovery efforts, and target\npublic resources to prioritize lower levels of education and support the most marginalized across\nthe system. Developing strategies to fully finance education will require improving financial data and\npublic financial management systems and more widely adopting equity financing formulas.\n\n**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- National governments to commit to **maintaining or increasing public spending on education**\nthrough prioritizing education as part of recovery discussions and planning. Development partners to engage across sectors to ensure prioritization of education in national country development plans and provide technical and other assistance to incentivize and make the case for\ncountries to maintain or increase expenditures per capita in their domestic budgets allocated\nto education in line with targets in the Education 2030 Framework for Action.\n\n- All levels of governments to **use cash transfer programs and other targeted efforts to reduce**\n**barriers to re-entry** and ensure the most vulnerable children, in particular adolescent girls, refugees, and students with disabilities, return to school and receive support to learn. This could\nalso include working with other sectors to declare remittance transfer services as essential and\neasing taxes and regulations on those transfers.\n\n- National governments, in consultation with a broad range of stakeholders, to **develop credible**\n**financing plans to** _**fully**_ **finance education following principles of progressive universalism**,\nincluding adopting equity financing formulas that reflect the needs of the most marginalized\nchildren. Development partners to prioritize funding for countries and programs which take a\nprogressive universalism approach and support efforts to develop better data on education\nfinancing, estimate costs, track resource availability from all sources, and provide tools to guide\nequitable spending.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Governments and civil society to work together to **ensure education is included as an es-**\n**sential sector for COVID-19 response** in national, global, and regional multisectoral development finance conversations and include a wide range of stakeholders in decision-making to\nimprove education policymaking and build the case for urgent support to education. Establish\na COVID-19 recovery financing taskforce to develop strategies and concrete proposals to ensure education is considered in negotiations of COVID-19 recovery packages.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- National and international education actors work more closely with other sectors to **prioritize**\n**action on growing domestic revenues** (e.g. through progressive taxation and efforts to stem\nillicit financial flows) and **strengthening of public financial management systems and data**\n**systems** to improve equity and efficiency in planning, budgeting, and expenditure, including in\nthe production of education-focused Public Expenditure Reviews.\n\n- All actors to work together to **harness innovative financing and alternative financing options**\n**where possible in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and post-second-**\n**ary education** to enable public funds to be more focused on foundational learning. Donors to\nsupport these efforts by establishing an innovative financing task force to help identify and test\nsuch financing options.\n\n\n### **6**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 6**\n**Mobilize international resources to fully finance education**\n\n\n\nIt is vital that governments in low- and middle-income countries do all they can to protect public\nspending for education, but even in the best case, there will still be a significant financing gap. We\ncall on a diverse coalition of global actors\u2014including donors, multilateral development banks, and\nphilanthropists\u2014to maximize aid for education, improve allocation, and harness innovative financing mechanisms to close the financing gap and support countries in fully financing education.\n\n**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- Education development partners to work with other sectors to **support calls for increased and**\n**more targeted international aid** including through the call to meet the 0.7 percent of gross\nnational income (GNI) aid commitment, with a focus on least developed countries (LDCs) by disbursing at least 0.15 to 0.20 percent of GNI on the most vulnerable countries; encouraging the\nIMF to utilize its Special Drawing Rights (its global reserve asset) to be channeled toward the\ncountries that need it most; and improving access to concessional finance to countries most in\nneed by revising access criteria.\n\n- Aid donors and international institutions to **mobilize additional resources for education in-**\n**cluding by collectively increasing the share of education in international aid.** Some agencies\ninvolved in this report advocate specific targets, including a 15 percent floor on education\u2019s\nshare, matching the recommended efforts by national governments as highlighted in Action\nArea 5. Given that sector allocable aid from international donors is currently at $150 billion per\nyear according to the OECD-DAC, this would mean $22.5 billion per year allocated to educa\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tion from those donors. Others question whether a single target applied to donors in different\npositions is the right approach. But all signatories to this report urge donors to increase the\noverall amount of finance provided to education during this critical period. This includes allocating an increased share of humanitarian funding to education interventions.\n\n- Based on current spending trends and funding targets, multilateral agencies engaged in this\nreport (MDBs and UN organizations) as well as the education funds (ECW, GPE, IFFED, EOF)\ncould\u2014with necessary support from official and private donors\u2014at a minimum **deliver an esti-**\n**mated $9 billion in aid for education annually in the immediate term** . This includes support\nfor education as well as related services (health and nutrition) channeled through these organizations. Additional support is needed to meet this minimum. This does not include much needed additional financing that could be mobilized through the MDBs' non-concessional windows.\n\n- Donors to establish and support mechanisms that can quickly leverage additional affordable\nfinancing for education by expanding the capacity of MDBs, including through the innovative\nuse of guarantees in combination with grants as proposed by IFFEd.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- Development partners to i **ncrease efforts to diversify funding for education** including by increasing non-DAC and nontraditional donors\u2019 commitment to education; by further exploring\ninnovative financing approaches; by ramping up calls for support among philanthropists and\ncorporations; and by working across sectors to leverage investments in other critical development sectors for education (e.g. by engaging in Voluntary National SDG Reviews and exploring\nopportunities for education and skills training in large-scale projects in complementary sectors).\n\n\n### **7**\n\n\n\n**ACTION AREA 7**\n**Use resources better by improving evidence generation,**\n**coordination, alignment, and effectiveness**\n\n\n\nMobilizing more funding for education is critical, but it is also more important than ever that every\nsingle dollar invested in education achieves its maximum impact. The international education architecture can play a vital role by improving its own coordination to deliver the best possible support\nto low- and middle-income countries and by promoting and supporting the most cost-effective\napproaches based on enhanced evidence generation and use.\n\n**IMMEDIATE ACTIONS**\n\n- National governments with support from development partners to **improve donor coordina-**\n**tion at a country level** with the aim of reducing administrative burden and transaction costs for\ncountries, enabling alignment with country priorities. This could include exploring the use of\npooled funding mechanisms at country level.\n\n- Development partners and humanitarian partners to commit to **improve coordination around ed-**\n**ucation in crisis at country level** through multisectoral coordination through UN structures and\nconventions, and close coordination of LEGs and Education Clusters from the outset of a response,\nand better harmonization and sequencing of efforts including around budgets, resources, etc.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- UNESCO to **convene a working group to lead a consultation on a global education coordi-**\n**nation mechanism.**\n\n- Development partners to **commit to more evidence-informed practice by including a full and**\n**transparent appraisal of evidence considered in planning documents for projects**, investing\nin evidence-based policies, practices, and interventions and limiting investment in projects\nwhich have generally not achieved their expected impact except where there is strong evidence that they will succeed where others have failed.\n\n**MID- TO LONGER-TERM ACTIONS**\n\n- National governments, with support from development partners to **develop capacity in effec-**\n**tive evidence generation, implementation, and evidence-informed policymaking** . Donors to\ninvest in global public goods that can support and leverage reforms at country level. Donors to\ncontinue to explore, pilot, and evaluate the most effective ways to maximize impact including\nthrough results-based approaches where financing is linked to outcomes.\n\n\nThe challenge for the education system globally is daunting. But while it may seem like an impossible task to respond to the magnitude of the challenge, we owe it to the next generation not to\ngive up. Only by supporting effective and inclusive education systems can we recover from the\ndevastation of this crisis and make real progress towards a sustainable and equitable future. We\nneed to unite within the education sector and across sectors to fill the financing gap and to ensure\nthat every dollar invested in education leads to maximum benefits for children. Only by doing this\ncan we ensure that all children can fulfill their potential to build a better and more resilient world.\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Youth Call to Action\n\nWe believe that education is the core foundation that provides opportunities for young people to\nthrive and maximize their potential. Every child should have the same quality of education, and the\nsame opportunity to thrive in their personal and professional lives in spite of their background. Education should equip young people with the necessary tools, both hard and soft, to be able to navigate the ever-changing world that we live in. Our education should reflect the diversity of thought,\nworld views, and perspectives that is displayed in the real world. It should aim not to solely teach\nchildren to memorize facts, but also to teach them critical thinking, understanding, compassion, and\nproblem-solving. It should help students find what they\u2019re good at and pursue it, creating a holistic\nprocess unique to every student. Our education should shift in purpose, from competency and\ncompetitiveness in the marketplace to co-existence and sustainable living. Sustainability should\nbe a transverse, universal concept embedded in all curriculum. Education should be the center of\nevery government\u2019s focus, including budgetary allocation, as without it, the futures of young people\naround the world are at stake. We also believe that education should foster democratic student\ngovernment in all education systems and at school, regional, national, continental, and global levels\nthat enables all students to have a voice in education decision-making, advocate for themselves,\nand have the capacity to collectively implement their visions to improve their school communities.\n\nWe believe this because for too long formal education spaces have contained and marginalized the\nvoice of young people, especially the voices of youth in poor and vulnerable communities. For too\nlong, education has not been given the attention it deserves by our governments. Our current education systems are outdated, and do not adequately prepare us for the different challenges in the\n21st century. Despite being end users, students have been largely pushed to the margins and have\nhad to conduct advocacy from the outside looking in instead of having a seat at the decision-making\ntable. In many cases, students have to resort to physical demonstrations like protests to make their\nvoices heard, often at risk of injury, persecution, and death. Meanwhile, without student perspectives, education policy is less informed and less capable of improving the student experience.\n\nWe believe that if we are successful in educational reform, we will see a difference in the accessibility of education, the quality of education, representation in decision-making on education, the\nopportunities available to young people, and the overall state of the world. Rethinking our education will ensure a better quality of life for all, delivering the future that we want. A future where\nthere is gender equality, concern for community and environment, racial and ethnic equality, equal\nopportunities, peace, and political stability.\n\nJust imagine with us what this future could be...\n\n\n_This statement was developed by the Save Our Future Youth Caucus_ - _a group of twenty-five youth activ-_\n_ists from across the globe representing a variety of sectors including social justice, health, gender equality,_\n_climate change, and sustainability. The statement also summarizes the main findings from a youth survey_\n_conducted online with responses from 200 youth around the world. This statement also formed the basis_\n_[for the youth-led creation of an innovative digital excursion\u2013the Save Our Future Escape Room.](http://bit.ly/SOFEscapeRoom)_ _Explore this_\n_interactive experience and see how inter-generational collaboration and young innovators can help #Save-_\n_OurFuture:_ _http://bit.ly/SOFEscapeRoom_\n\n\nSAVE OUR FUTURE | **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0686908e-f050-3e21-aed8-468a3ed11a3e/Executive-Summary-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_378/raw/doc_378_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_378/raw/doc_378_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5e835aca53dbf12a6dd8d249912ae7980b13b63e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_378/raw/doc_378_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n# **CLIMATE** **MOBILITY AND** **CHILDHOOD**\n## EXAMINING THE RISKS, CLOSING THE DATA AND EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CHILDREN ON THE MOVE\n\nData InSIGHT #2\nSeptember 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/590b8abf-89dd-499b-ace4-9e6d5545f09d/Executive-summary-Climatemobility-and-childhood.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**01** <<<< CLIMATE MOBILITY AND CHILDHOOD: Examining the risks, closing the data and evidence gaps for children on the move EXECUTIVE SUMMARY >>>> **02**\n\n#### **KEY TAKE-AWAYS**\n###### **>> FOUNDATIONS:** **Language and data concerns**\n# I\n\n\nto uphold the rights of all individuals within their\njurisdiction without discrimination, including children\nwhose mobility has been affected by the impacts of\nclimate change.\n\n\nThere are a number of existing legal instruments or\nprinciples that protect or might be used to protect\nchildren who cross borders for climate-related\nreasons, including the Convention on the Rights of\nthe Child, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk\nReduction 2015\u20132030, the Global Compact for Safe,\nOrderly and Regular Migration (GCM), the Global\nCompact on Refugees (GCR) and the United Nations\nSecretary-General\u2019s Action Agenda on Internal\nDisplacement. Regional refugee laws \u2013 such as the\nOrganisation of African Unity Refugee Convention\nand Latin America\u2019s Cartagena Declaration \u2013 may\nalso provide protection. However, migration laws in\nmost countries are not currently prepared to receive,\nprotect or realize the specific rights of environmental\nmigrants, including children.\n\n\n###### **Growing up on a planet under threat**\n\n\n\nEffective migration governance is closely tied to\nquality data that can be disaggregated, at minimum,\nby age, sex and migration or displacement status. To\ndate, however, such data on children on the move for\nclimate-related reasons remain limited. This is due to\nchallenges including:\n\n\n1. Mobility decisions related to the adverse impacts\nof climate change are often strongly linked with\nother drivers of movement (e.g., education, job\nopportunities or better access to services).\n2. Attributing migration and displacement to\nclimate change-related impacts alone is not a\nstraightforward process.\n3. Human mobility decisions related to climate\nchange are complex and often do not fit neatly\ninto the \u2018voluntary\u2019 or \u2018forced\u2019 migration\nclassifications.\n4. Collecting data on decision-making and\nimmobility in the context of climate change\ncan be challenging: \u2018Immobility\u2019 itself can be\ncategorized on a spectrum of voluntary and\nforced.\n5. There are already major data gaps when it\ncomes to the age-disaggregated data necessary\nto identify children among populations who are\non the move.\n\n\nWorking across sectors to close these data gaps is\nvital to an approach to climate mobility that is childcentred, rights-based and informed by evidence.\n\n\n\nAlthough children are the least responsible for\nclimate change, they are being profoundly\nshaped by the many ways it is changing life on our\nplanet. As disasters hit communities around the\nglobe \u2013 whether sudden, such as storms, floods or\nwildfires, or slow onset, like drought or sea level\nrise \u2013 children are increasingly learning to cope with\nthe realities of a degraded environment. Not all of\nthese mounting threats are climate-change related\n\n- but there is no doubt that human behaviour is\ninfluencing many of them.\n\n\nFor many children, the burden of these conditions\nwill become so pronounced that life as they know it\nwill become unsustainable. They may be forced or\nchoose to leave home \u2013 in some cases, temporarily,\nand in others, never to return. Some children may\nwish to move as communities deteriorate or become\nunsafe, but may lack the resources to do so.\n\n\nA new report by the International Data Alliance for\nChildren on the Move (IDAC), _Climate Mobility and_\n_Childhood: Examining the risks, closing the data and_\n_evidence gaps for children on the move_, considers\nhow the well-being of children may be affected when\nclimate change and human mobility intersect in their\nlives \u2013 or, what can be described as experiences of\n**climate mobility** **[1]** .\n\n\n[The report, which can be found here, considers what](https://data.unicef.org/resources/climate-mobility-and-childhood-report/)\n\n\n\nis known about children in this context today, asking\nquestions including:\n\n\n- What does the current evidence base tell us\nabout the estimated number and location of\nchildren on the move for climate-related reasons?\n\n- How far are children likely to go when they\nare on the move due to the impacts of climate\nchange?\n\n- How is climate mobility shaping children\u2019s\ndeprivations, risks and vulnerabilities?\n\n\nIt also highlights the urgent need to address the\nmany critical data gaps regarding children on the\nmove as the climate action agenda advances,\nsharing relevant good practices of innovative childrelated data work from IDAC's network to inspire\nstakeholders.\n\n\nConcluding with a series of action points to ensure\ndata and statistical systems are equipped to\naccommodate the needs of children who are on the\nmove and navigating the impacts of climate change,\nthe publication calls on decision-makers to commit to\nand invest in an evidence-based approach to climaterelated migration and displacement that prioritizes\nthe rights of children.\n\n\nThis Executive Summary provides the key messages\nand main findings of the report's four sections.\n\n\n\nClimate change can influence human mobility\nin ways that do not fit neatly into the terms,\nclassifications and legal frameworks most commonly\nused today to count populations on the move.\nWhat\u2019s more, it is not always straightforward to\ndirectly identify the impacts of climate change as\nthe primary reason for migration or displacement.\nThese issues raise the importance \u2013 and challenges\n\n- of establishing standardized terminology, fortifying\nlegal protections for children on the move for\nclimate-related reasons, and strengthening data and\nstatistical systems in this context.\n\n\nUsing accepted definitions \u2013 such as those put forth\nby official United Nations sources \u2013 is vital when it\ncomes to producing quality data for children who are\non the move under any circumstance. Policymakers\nand data producers and users must strive to use\na common language when employing terms like\n\u2018children on the move\u2019, \u2018disaster displacement\u2019 or\n\u2018immobility\u2019, for instance.\n\n\nAs children have been recognized as a particularly\nvulnerable group when it comes to climate change,\nit is important that the necessary legal protections\nare in place to protect and secure their rights.\nWhile most children on the move for climate-related\nreasons will stay within their respective country,\nsome may cross borders and trigger the need for\ninternational protection. States have an obligation\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/590b8abf-89dd-499b-ace4-9e6d5545f09d/Executive-summary-Climatemobility-and-childhood.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**03** <<<< CLIMATE MOBILITY AND CHILDHOOD: Examining the risks, closing the data and evidence gaps for children on the move EXECUTIVE SUMMARY >>>> **04**\n\n\n###### **>> THE ISSUE:** **11 questions, 11 insights**\n# II\n\nToday, the available data and evidence on the\nintersection of childhood and climate mobility are\nlimited. There is, however, much to learn from the\ncurrent data landscape on this population of children.\n\n\nThe analysis in _Climate Mobility and Childhood_\nidentifies 11 essential questions and insights that\ncan help decision-makers understand how climate\nmobility is likely to shape childhood in communities\naround the world, while also noting the areas\nwhere more data and research are needed. These\nthemes are explored in greater detail throughout the\npublication.\n\n\n##### #3.\n\n\n\nWhen it comes to specific\nclimate change-related hazards\nassociated with migration\nand displacement, how many\nchildren are at risk?\n\nChildren growing up today are\nmore exposed to a number\nof climate and environmental\nhazards than previous\ngenerations.\n\n\n##### #5.\n\n\n\nWhere and which children are\nmost likely to be on the move\nbecause of the impacts of\nclimate change?\n\nChildren in particular regions,\nfragile settings and the poorest\ncountries face disproportionate\nrisks to the impacts of climate\nchange, which may compel\nthem to move.\n\n\n\nChildren in sub-Saharan Africa are concerningly\nexposed to weather- and climate-related threats;\nfor instance, from 2016\u20132023, 9 in 10 children\ninternally displaced by droughts lived in the region.\nMeanwhile, children in East Asia and the Pacific\nbore the brunt of one in two (59 per cent) internal\nchild displacements by dangerous storms over that\ntime period. [10] By 2090, almost half of the 2.8 billion\npeople that could be affected by heatwaves are\nprojected to live in Southern Asia. [11] Nearly 90 per\ncent of countries defined as \"extremely high risk\"\nby the Children\u2019s Climate Risk Index are considered\nfragile contexts.\n\n##### #6. When children move because of\n\nclimate-related threats, how far\nwill they go?\n\nMost children on the move in a\nchanging climate will not cross\nborders.\n\n\nMost projections suggest that when they do leave\nhome to adapt to the threats of climate change,\nchildren will move within their own countries. This is\nsupported by multiple studies and meta-analyses, as\nwell as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel\non Climate Change. [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]\n\n\n##### #1.\n\n\n\nWhile we know climate change\ncan be directly and indirectly\nlinked to patterns of human\nmobility and displacement, do\nwe have the data to estimate to\nwhat extent child mobility has\nbeen or will be affected?\n\nClimate change is difficult to\nisolate as a driver of human\nmobility; this, coupled with a\nlack of child-specific data and\nresearch on the links between\nmigration, displacement and\nclimate change, means the\nnumber of children who are and\nwill be on the move as climate\nchange intensifies remains\nunclear.\n\n\n\npredicted regionally, particularly in sub-Saharan\nAfrica. [3]\n\n- The number of asylum applications to the\nEuropean Union has been forecast to increase as\nglobal temperatures rise; estimates range from\nan additional 98,000 applications to 660,000\napplications per year by 2100, varying by climate\nchange scenario. [4]\n\n\n\nNearly one in two children \u2013 approximately 1 billion\nchildren \u2013 are at \u201cextremely high risk\u201d to the impacts\nof climate change. [8] One in six are exposed to\nthreats brought on by cyclones, 1 in 7 are at risk of\nexperiencing riverine flooding, 1 in 10 live in areas\nhighly vulnerable to coastal flooding and storm\nsurges, and one in three are at risk of water scarcity. [9]\n\n##### #4. How might climate mobility\n\nintroduce or exacerbate\nvulnerabilities among children?\n\nAcute deprivations and\nheightened risks are likely to\nbe common among children\naffected by climate-related\nmigration and displacement.\n\n\nChildren on the move for any reason commonly\nface steep barriers to accessing their basic rights,\nregardless of why they have migrated or been\ndisplaced: They face high levels of poverty, poor\naccess to WASH facilities and health care, increased\nlevels of malnutrition and are at risk of being out\nof school. These deprivations are likely to be seen\namong children on the move for climate-related\nreasons as well.\n\n\n##### #2.\n\n\n\nHow does climate change\ninteract with other common\ndrivers of child migration and\ndisplacement?\n\nClimate change is exacerbating\nmany of the factors that trigger\nmigration and displacement\namong children, such as food\ninsecurity, poverty and conflict.\n\n\n\nThere is much ambiguity when it comes to\npredicting the number of children who will be on the\nmove due to climate-change induced threats and the\nspecific scale, timing and location of this movement\nis impossible to predict. Current estimates vary\nwidely:\n\n\n- Slow-onset climate impacts (e.g., water stress,\nfailing crops, sea level rise and storm surges)\ncould result in the (internal) displacement of 44\nto 113 million people by 2050; but in a starker\nscenario, this range could be as high as 125 to\n216 million. [2]\n\n- Some models suggest climate change will only\nmarginally affect international migration in the\n21 [st] century, yet higher numbers have been\n\n\n\nClimate change is considered a threat multiplier\nin children\u2019s lives, often intensifying threats and\nsources of instability tied to human mobility. For\ninstance, hazards can reduce or eliminate families\u2019\nsources of income and lead to disputes over\ncritical resources like land and water. Children in\nhumanitarian and fragile contexts are likely to be at\ngreater risk of climate-related displacement. [5, 6, 7 ]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/590b8abf-89dd-499b-ace4-9e6d5545f09d/Executive-summary-Climatemobility-and-childhood.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**05** <<<< CLIMATE MOBILITY AND CHILDHOOD: Examining the risks, closing the data and evidence gaps for children on the move EXECUTIVE SUMMARY >>>> **06**\n\n\n##### #7. How many children in high-risk\n\nclimate areas will not leave\nhome?\n\nThe majority of children who\nlive in places highly vulnerable\nto climate change are unlikely\nto move.\n\n\nOf the 1 billion children living in places at extremely\nhigh risk of climate threats, most will stay in place.\nSome may lack the resources to move, leaving\nthem immobile or trapped. [18, 19] This large group of\nchildren will come with a distinct set of needs and\nvulnerabilities that must be considered in the climate\nresponse.\n\n\n###### **>> IMPACTS:** **Deprivations, risks and vulnerabilities**\n# III\n\nLack of food and malnutrition are especially\ndevastating for young children and for adolescent\ngirls, many of whom already struggle to access\nnutritious diets, especially in fragile contexts.\n\n\n - WASH systems around the world are already\nbeing stressed by climate change. **As**\n**breakdowns in access to safe drinking water,**\n**proper sanitation and adequate hygiene**\n**become more frequent and longer-lasting**\n**due to the impacts of climate change, the**\n**consequences for children\u2019s health and**\n**well-being may be potentially devastating.**\nWeakened or failing WASH systems can both\ndrive children and families to be on the move or\nbecome the reality once they have migrated or\nbeen displaced.\n\n\n##### #10.\n\n\n\nHow does the number of new\ninternal displacements that are\nweather related compare to those\ncaused by conflict and violence?\n\n\nFrom 2016\u20132023, data show that\nin most years, the number of\nnew internal child displacements\nrelated to disasters was equal\nto or higher than those related\nto conflict and violence. In 2023,\nhowever, conflict and violence\ndrove more new internal\ndisplacements than disasters.\n\n\n\nOver this eight-year period, new internal\ndisplacements of children due to weather events\noutpaced those due to conflict and violence at a\nrate of nearly 5 to 4. However, it is important to\nremember that these proportions shift year to year,\ndepending on the world and weather events that\noccur. For instance, in 2023, as conflict escalated\nin places like Sudan and Palestine, conflict and\nviolence led to more internal child displacements\nthan disasters. [24] Whether a conflict or disaster, crisis\nis consistently tied to high numbers of children on\nthe move.\n\n\n##### #8.\n\n\n\nHow might the experiences,\naspirations and intentions of\nchildren and youth differ when it\ncomes to climate mobility?\n\nResearch in this area is\nlimited \u2013 but age and life stage\ncan play an important role in\npatterns of climate mobility.\n\n\n\n\n- The negative effects of climate change on human\nhealth are of great concern when it comes\nto children: In the midst of their growth and\ndevelopment, children are more vulnerable to\nthese health risks than adults. **Climate-related**\n**migration and displacement may complicate**\n**health outcomes for children, who often face**\n**barriers to accessing health services when**\n**they are on the move.**\n\n\n**\u2022** **Major disruptions to their education and**\n**learning may be common for children on the**\n**move for climate-related reasons.** This may\nbe the result of immediate interruptions caused\nby disasters or emergencies and longer-term\nbarriers introduced by climate mobility.\n\n\n- The root causes of many serious child protection\nissues may be heightened when the impacts of\nclimate change intersect with human mobility.\n**Children migrating or displaced for climate-**\n**related reasons may face higher risks of being**\n**exposed to violence, abuse and neglect, child**\n**marriage, child labour, and child trafficking**\n**and smuggling.**\n\n\nIt is important to note that these outcomes will be\nmitigated by many individual factors \u2013 including, for\ninstance, a child\u2019s age and life stage, gender, socioeconomic group, disability status, race and ethnicity,\nas well as whether or not a child\u2019s migration is well\nmanaged. This reiterates the need for quality data\nthat can be disaggregated by various characteristics\nto pinpoint the children exposed to the greatest\ndeprivations, risks and vulnerabilities.\n\n\n\nChildren, adolescents and youth will experience\nhuman mobility in the context of climate change\ndifferently. In households in high-risk areas, for\ninstance, younger children may stay behind while\nadolescents and youth may be more likely to leave\nhome. [20]\n\n##### #9. How does gender influence\n\nclimate mobility among\nchildren?\n\n\nWomen and girls may be more\nlikely to stay behind when\ndisasters hit \u2013 which can\nexpose them to serious harm.\n\n\nGender inequalities and gender norms can influence\nwomen and girls\u2019 freedom of movement and access\nto information, assets and safe shelters in disaster\nand post-disaster settings, which can introduce\nserious risks and harms into their lives and impact\ntheir chances of survival. [21, 22, 23]\n\n\n\nLike most children on the move, those who have\nmigrated or been displaced for climate-related\nreasons are expected to be exposed to a range of\nrights violations. _Climate Mobility and Childhood_\nfocuses on six sectors tied to a child\u2019s well-being \u2013\npoverty; food security and nutrition; water, sanitation\nand hygiene (WASH); health; education and child\nprotection \u2013 and examines how they may interact\nwith climate mobility. Urbanization and conflict also\nplay an important role in children\u2019s experiences when\nthey intersect with climate-related migration and\ndisplacement.\n\n\n- Children from the poorest families, communities\nand countries will be hit with disproportionate\nforce by the impacts of climate change. **Poverty**\n**undermines resilience to the impacts of**\n**climate change and reduces choices around**\n**mobility decisions.** This dynamic may lead\nto increased displacement and involuntary\nimmobility for the poorest children and\nhouseholds at the forefront of the crisis in\ndeveloping countries.\n\n\n**\u2022** **The impacts of climate change are expected**\n**to exacerbate the already alarming levels of**\n**food insecurity and poor nutrition around the**\n**globe, both of which can drive migration and**\n**displacement or become a consequence of it.**\n\n\n##### #11.\n\n\n\nHow serious are the data gaps\non climate mobility among\nchildren and how can we\naddress them?\n\nData gaps are widespread,\nthereby limiting our\npreparedness for a childcentred, rights-based approach\nto climate mobility.\n\n\n\nIn many countries at the forefront of the climate\ncrisis \u2013 such as those that are low-income \u2013 childspecific migration data and statistics are largely\nunavailable. And across economic settings,\ndisaggregated data on the socioeconomic\ncircumstances of migrant and displaced persons\nare not collected. Until these data are produced at\ncountry and regional levels, the expected scale and\nimpact of climate-related migration and displacement\namong children will remain unknown. These data\ngaps must be addressed in order to ensure the\nrights of children on the move in the context of\nclimate change are upheld.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/590b8abf-89dd-499b-ace4-9e6d5545f09d/Executive-summary-Climatemobility-and-childhood.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**07** <<<< CLIMATE MOBILITY AND CHILDHOOD: Examining the risks, closing the data and evidence gaps for children on the move EXECUTIVE SUMMARY >>>> **08**\n\n\n# IV >>\n\n\n###### **ACTIONS:** **Better data and evidence to protect children on** **the move in a changing climate**\n\n\n\nchange and taken action in data-related work. These\ngood practices, which are described in detail in\n_Climate Mobility and Childhood_, should serve as the\ninspiration needed to inspire better data for children\non the move and pave the way to a brighter future\nfor all children, no matter what the future holds.\n\n\n\nRegardless of why they are on the move, children\nwho have migrated or been displaced are among\nthe most vulnerable on the planet. They are in many\ncases denied their most basic rights in places of\norigin, transit and host communities. Therefore, as\nthe global community advances the climate action\nagenda, it must not only recognize the implications\nof the climate crisis on migration and displacement,\nbut also that children on the move in this context\nmust be prioritized.\n\n\nGovernments, United Nations bodies, donors,\ncivil society, the private sector and children and\nyouth themselves must work together to protect\nthe well-being of children whose lives are and\nwill be shaped by climate mobility. These actions\nmust include improvements to data and statistical\nsystems, whose outputs underpin the policies and\nprogrammes needed to ensure that society\u2019s most\nvulnerable and marginalized children \u2013 such as those\nwho are on the move \u2013 are not left behind.\n\n\n_**Data, evidence and climate action**_\n_**for children on the move: IDAC\u2019s key**_\n_**recommendations**_\n\n\n**Engage, educate and empower**\n**children and youth on the move due**\n**to the impacts of climate change**\n**to meaningfully participate in data**\n**collection efforts that capture their**\n**lived experiences**\n\n\n**Invest in data and statistical**\n**systems; improve data**\n**availability, quality and**\n**analysis; and close data gaps on**\n**climate-related migration and**\n**displacement**\n\n\n**Design and invest in strategic data**\n**collection efforts and research**\n**that examine climate mobility**\n**and child well-being, including in**\n**conflict, humanitarian and fragile**\n**settings, and bring stakeholders**\n\n\n\n**and partners to the table to discuss**\n**and act on these findings**\n\n\n**Enable sharing of data and**\n**methodologies, including**\n**innovative approaches, within and**\n**between countries, organizations**\n**and regions**\n\n\n**Improve collaboration between**\n**key stakeholders to minimize the**\n**risks children on the move are**\n**likely to face due to the impacts**\n**of climate change**\n\n\n**Advocate for child-responsive and**\n**mobility-sensitive climate finance**\n**that supports evidence-based**\n**interventions**\n\n\n\nAround the world, many stakeholders and IDAC\nmembers \u2013 including countries like Colombia, Nepal\nand Tonga; organizations including Save the Children,\nthe Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre and\nthe Mixed Migration Centre; and youth themselves\n\n- have recognized the urgent need to consider\nchildren on the move in the context of climate\n\n\n**About IDAC**\n\n\n\nThe International Data Alliance for Children on the Move (IDAC) is a cross-sectoral global coalition that\naims to improve data and statistics and support evidence-based policymaking for migrant and displaced\nchildren. Co-funded by the European Union and jointly led by Eurostat, the International Organization\nfor Migration (IOM), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United\nNations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF,\nSecretariat Chair), IDAC brings together governments (including experts from national statistical offices\nand migration- and displacement-related ministries), international and regional organizations, NGOs, think\ntanks, academics, civil society and youth. At the end of 2023, IDAC\u2019s membership had surpassed 50,\nincluding 25 Member States.\n\n\n[Write us at IDAC@unicef.org to support our work!](mailto:IDAC@unicef.org)\nFollow us on [Twitter and LinkedIn](https://x.com/IdacM)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/590b8abf-89dd-499b-ace4-9e6d5545f09d/Executive-summary-Climatemobility-and-childhood.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**09** <<<< CLIMATE MOBILITY AND CHILDHOOD: Examining the risks, closing the data and evidence gaps for children on the move EXECUTIVE SUMMARY >>>> **10**\n\n\nREFERENCES\n\n\n\n1 In this report, \u2018climate mobility\u2019 is used to describe all\nforms of human mobility directly or indirectly driven\nby climate change either within the same country or\ninternationally across borders. The term comprises the\nfull spectrum from voluntary to forced movements,\nwhich can be difficult to differentiate in the context of\nclimate change.\n2 Clement, Viviane, et al., _Groundswell Part 2: Acting on_\n_internal climate migration_, World Bank, Washington,\nD.C., 2021.\n3 Benveniste, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne, Michael Oppenheimer and Marc\nFleurbaey, \u2018Effect of Border Policy on Exposure and\nVulnerability to Climate Change\u2019, _Proceedings of the_\n_National Academy of Sciences of the United States of_\n_America_, vol. 117, no. 43, October 2020, 26692\u201326702.\n4 Missirian, Anouch, and Wolfram Schlenker, \u2018Asylum\nApplications Respond to Temperature Fluctuations\u2019,\n_Science_, vol. 358, no. 6370, December 2017, pp.\n1610\u20131614.\n5 Abrahams, Daniel, and Edward R. Carr, \u2018Understanding\nthe Connections between Climate Change and\nConflict: Contributions from geography and political\necology\u2019, _Current Climate Change Reports_, vol. 3, no.\n4, December 2017, pp. 233\u2013242.\n6 Helman, David, Benjamin F. Zaitchik and Chris Funk,\n\u2018Climate Has Contrasting Direct and Indirect Effects on\nArmed Conflicts\u2019, _Environmental Research Letters_, vol.\n15, no. 10, October 2020, art. 104017.\n7 Weerasinghe, Sanjula, _Bridging the Divide in_\n_Approaches to Conflict and Disaster Displacement:_\n_Norms, institutions and coordination in Afghanistan,_\n_Colombia, the Niger, the Philippines and Somalia_,\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and\nthe International Organization for Migration, Geneva,\n2021.\n8 United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, _The Climate Crisis is a_\n_Child Rights Crisis: Introducing the Children\u2019s Climate_\n_Risk Index_, UNICEF, New York, August 2021.\n9 _The Climate Crisis is a Child Rights Crisis: Introducing_\n_the Children\u2019s Climate Risk Index_ ; Thiery, Wim, et al.,\n\u2018Intergenerational Inequities in Exposure to Climate\nExtremes\u2019, _Science_, vol. 374, no. 6564, 26 September\n2021, pp. 158\u2013160; Watts, Nick, et al., \u2018The 2019\nReport of The Lancet Countdown on Health and\nClimate Change: Ensuring that the health of a child\nborn today is not defined by a changing climate\u2019,\n_Lancet_, vol. 394, no. 10211, 16 November 2019, pp.\n1836\u20131878.\n10 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, \u2018Global\n[Internal Displacement Database\u2019, , accessed 14 May 2024.](https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data/)\n11 Global Migration Data Portal, \u2018Climate Mobility Impacts\n[Dashboard\u2019, ,](http://www.migrationdataportal.org/climate-mobility-impacts#:~:text=IOM%27s%20Climate%20Mobility%20Impacts%20dashboard,support%20at%2Drisk%20communities%20worldwide.)\naccessed 6 December 2023.\n12 Abel, Guy J., et al., \u2018Climate, Conflict and Forced\nMigration\u2019, _Global Environmental Change_, vol. 54,\nJanuary 2019, pp. 239\u2013249.\n13 Beine, Michel, and Lionel Jeusette, \u2018A Meta-Analysis of\nthe Literature on Climate Change and Migration\u2019, IZA\nDiscussion Paper No. 12639, IZA \u2013 Institute of Labor\nEconomics, Bonn, September 2019.\n14 Beyer, Robert, and Andrea Milan, _Climate Change_\n_and Human Mobility: Quantitative evidence on global_\n_historical trends and future projections_, International\nOrganization for Migration, Geneva, 2023.\n15 Borderon, Marion, et al., \u2018Migration Influenced by\nEnvironmental Change in Africa: A systematic review\nof empirical evidence\u2019, _Demographic Research_, vol. 41,\nart. 18, 15 August 2019, pp. 491\u2013544.\n16 Gr\u00f6schl, Jasmin, and Thomas Steinwachs, \u2018Do Natural\nHazards Cause International Migration?\u2019, CESifo\nWorking Paper No. 6145, Center for Economic Studies\nand ifo Institute, Munich, October 2016.\n17 Hoffmann, Roman, Barbora \u0160edov\u00e1 and Kira Vinke,\n\u2018Improving the Evidence Base: A methodological\nreview of the quantitative climate migration literature\u2019,\n_Global Environmental Change_, vol. 71, art. 102367,\nNovember 2021.\n18 Zickgraf, Caroline, \u2018Where Are All the Climate\nMigrants? Explaining immobility amid environmental\nchange\u2019, _Migration Information Source_, 4 October\n2023.\n19 United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, \u2018One Billion Children\nat \u2018Extremely High Risk\u2019 of the Impacts of the Climate\nCrisis\u2019, Press release, UNICEF, New York, 20 August\n[2021, , accessed 28 November 2023.](https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/one-billion-children-extremely-high-risk-impacts-climate-crisis-unicef)\n20 Africa Climate Mobility Initiative, \u2018Voices from the\n[Frontlines\u2019, ACMI, ,](https://africa.climatemobility.org/)\naccessed 28 November 2023.\n21 Gioli, Giovanna, and Andrea Milan, \u2018Gender, Migration\nand (Global) Environmental Change\u2019, ch. 11 in\n_Routledge Handbook of Environmental Displacement_\n_and Migration_, edited by Robert McLeman and\nFran\u00e7ois Gemenne, Routledge, London, 2018.\n22 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,\n_Gender, Displacement and Climate Change_, UNHCR,\nGeneva, 2022.\n23 Global Gender and Climate Alliance, _Gender and_\n_Climate Change: A closer look at existing evidence_,\nGGCA, November 2016.\n24 \u2018Global Internal Displacement Database\u2019.\n\n\n\n\u00a9 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2024.\n\n\n**Photo credits:**\n\n\nCover: \u00a9 UNICEF/UNI431676/Sokhin\nPage 01: \u00a9 UNICEF/UNI431622/Sokhin\nPage 02: \u00a9 UNICEF/UN0621319/\nPage 03: \u00a9 UNICEF/UN0643865/Willocq\nPage 04: \u00a9 UNICEF/UNI419968/Preechapanich\n\u00a9 UNICEF/UN0701707/Zaidi\nPage 06: \u00a9 UNICEF/UNI425056/Sokhin\nPage 07: \u00a9 UNICEF/UN0765072/Ho Hoang Thien Trang\nPage 08: \u00a9 UNICEF/UN0658883/Mukut\nPage 10: \u00a9 UNICEF/UN0716898/Trazie\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Children\u2019s Climate_\n_Risk Index_", - "confidence": 0.5287519097328186, - "start": 391, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations Children\u2019s Fund", - 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\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e25 \u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e07 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e08 \u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e15\u0e34 (irregular migration) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e2a 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\u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0b\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08 (MOU) \u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e22\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07 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\u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a \u0e32\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01 \u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e47f4ad-32bc-36b8-9130-dc5d0ac9b9de/Executive%20Summary%20%28in%20Thai%29%20-%20Thailand%20Migration%20Report%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a \u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e22\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\n\n\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17 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\u0e32\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\n\n\n17. \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e13\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e19: \u0e21\u0e35\n\n\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08 \u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e13\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\n\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a \u0e32\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e22\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e38\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e47f4ad-32bc-36b8-9130-dc5d0ac9b9de/Executive%20Summary%20%28in%20Thai%29%20-%20Thailand%20Migration%20Report%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_38/raw/doc_38_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_38/raw/doc_38_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 211ca40de883313bc8f74c3fa477621179060d18..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_38/raw/doc_38_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1033 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ABOUT THIS REPORT\n\n\nThe 2023 UNHCR Refugee Education Report outlines\nthe challenges faced by the nearly 15 million refugee\nchildren of school age [1] under UNHCR\u2019s mandate,\nincluding school-aged Venezuelans displaced abroad.\nBut it also highlights the achievements and aspirations\nof refugee youth who, with the right support, have\nattained the highest of educational goals through\nperseverance, resilience, determination, and sheer\nhard work.\n\n\nData on refugee enrolments and population numbers\nis drawn from UNHCR country operations and refers\nto the 2021-2022 academic year. The report also\nreferences the latest available data on enrolment and\nout-of-school children and youth from the UNESCO\nInstitute for Statistics (UIS).\n\n\n1 Calculated for 2022, counting the number of children of preprimary, primary and secondary age in countries reporting\ndata and applying the ratio to the global population of\nrefugees displaced abroad \u2013 for more information on refugee\ndemographics, see UNHCR\u2019s annual report Global Trends in\nForced Displacement 2022.\n\n\n\nThe increasing complexity of humanitarian\nemergencies involving forced displacement presents\nseveral challenges when it comes to data collection.\nIn addition, essential progress in the incorporation\nof refugees in national education systems creates\nadditional challenges, such as a lack of data on student\nenrolment disaggregated by protection status \u2013 an\nissue that is likely to persist for the foreseeable future.\n\n\nWhere refugees are incorporated into national systems,\nit is often difficult to keep track of when and where\nthey are accessing education. In other contexts, where\nsome refugees attend camp schools and others public\nschools, data reported by country operations is only on\ncamp-based populations (and thus not representative\nof all school-aged refugees).\n\n\nDespite these limitations, over 70 countries have\nprovided data, allowing us to build the most complete\npicture yet of refugee education worldwide, and while\nprogress can be seen, it remains clear that we remain a\nlong way from allowing all refugee learners to exercise\ntheir fundamental right to education.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Refugee Education Report", - "confidence": 0.6607604026794434, - "start": 5, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5923617482185364, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9135167002677917, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR country operations", - "confidence": 0.6178864240646362, - "start": 85, - "end": 88 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.987458348274231, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021-2022", - "confidence": 0.9987786412239075, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Trends in\nForced Displacement 2022", - "confidence": 0.8415879607200623, - "start": 168, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "annual report", - "confidence": 0.5506986975669861, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9813709855079651, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6998014450073242, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.977452278137207, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6828337907791138, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on student\nenrolment", - "confidence": 0.7904072999954224, - "start": 217, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6104514598846436, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data reported by country operations", - "confidence": 0.7188321948051453, - "start": 277, - "end": 282 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school-aged refugees", - "confidence": 0.663059651851654, - "start": 294, - "end": 296 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **CONTENTS**\n\n**Foreword by Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees** ....................................................................................4\n\n\n**Data analysis: Over 50 per cent of refugee children not in school** ..................................................................................... 6\n\n\n**First person: Nilab Akhmad, from Afghanistan** **.** .......................................................................................................................14\n\n\n**First person: Monicah Malith, from South Sudan** **.** ...................................................................................................................16\n\n\n**First person: Manar Emad, from Iraq** **.** ..........................................................................................................................................18\n\n\n**Call to action: Steps towards education for all refugees** ......................................................................................................20\n\n\n**The Final Word: Leonardo Garnier, Special Advisor to the UN Secretary-General** ......................................................23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The very first High Commissioner for Refugees, a\nNorwegian diplomat called Fridtjof Nansen, set a\nformidable standard for his successors.\n\n\nAs the League of Nations grappled with the tumultuous\naftermath of the First World War, Nansen was handed\na trio of Herculean tasks: not just to help hundreds\nof thousands of people who had fled violence and\nrevolution, but also to organize the repatriation of\nprisoners of war and mobilize famine relief in Russia.\n\n\nAs he tackled this bulging in-tray, Nansen spent almost\na decade at the pinnacle of global diplomacy. Well\nbefore that, however, he had shot to global attention as\na pioneering polar explorer. And he could have gone\nin so many other directions. After leaving school, he\nconsidered engineering, military service, and forestry,\nbefore settling on zoology (hoping it wouldn\u2019t get in the\nway of his true passion, skiing).\n\n\n\nhe would never have ventured into academia. Academia\nled to field work, which led to exploration, which led to\nrenown, high politics and diplomacy, and eventually the\nNobel Peace Prize.\n\n\nI mention this great humanitarian not only because\nhe was one of my predecessors but also because\nhis multifaceted career highlights a crucial point\nabout opportunity. Nansen would have regarded the\neducation that unleashed his potential as an automatic\nright. Had he known of the struggles faced today by\nrefugees seeking access to education, he would have\nbeen dismayed.\n\n\nIn June, I was in Kenya, which hosts 624,000 refugees\nand asylum-seekers, including thousands displaced\nover the past few months alone. An island of stability\nin a fragile region, Kenya has little choice but to handle\nthe consequences of conflict and climate change. This\nincludes helping refugee children go to school. In this\nrespect, Kenya\u2019s commendable willingness to support\ndisplaced children must be matched by adequate\nresources.\n\n\n\n4 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kenya \u00a9 UNHCR/Samuel Otieno\n\n\nJust over 70 per cent of primary school-age refugees\nare enrolled in school. Yet, the higher up the\neducational ladder you go, the steeper the drop-off in\nnumbers, because opportunities to study at secondary\nand tertiary level are limited. The pattern is the same\nat the global level, as UNHCR\u2019s latest education report\nreveals: gross enrolment rates for refugees are 65 per\ncent for primary-age children, 41 per cent for secondary\nand 6 per cent at tertiary level; figures that are lower\nthan enrolment levels for non-refugee children, which\nare markedly higher in all but the lowest-income states.\n\n\nThis matters for several reasons.\n\n\nFirst, around 20 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees live\nin the world\u2019s 46 least developed states, which are\nsomehow expected to shoulder this responsibility even\nthough they collectively account for just 1.3 per cent of\nglobal GDP. The result? Of the nearly 15 million schoolage refugees, half are not in school. With the displaced\npopulation rising every year, there is a significant and\nincreasing proportion of the world\u2019s children who are\nmissing out on their education.\n\n\n\nWhere refugee-hosting countries have implemented such\npolicies, they need predictable, multi-year support from\nglobal and regional financial institutions, high-income\nstates, and the private sector \u2013 money, technology,\nexpertise, training \u2013 creating a broader base of support.\nWe cannot expect overstretched countries with scarce\nresources to take the task on by themselves.\n\n\nIn this year\u2019s report, we have asked three refugees to\ntell the story of their path through education, and of their\nhopes and aspirations for what comes next. They are\nstories of success, but also of struggles, setbacks, and\nobstacles that many young non-refugees do not have to\nthink about, let alone face. They are showing what can\nbe achieved, but they also make me think of the children\nwho have been, and are being, left behind.\n\n\nThis is not just about statistics and targets. It\u2019s about\ndevelopment, opportunity, unexpected connections,\nopening doors, setting off chain reactions. What would\nwe have lost if a young Nansen had not been able to go\nto school? And what are we losing, collectively, because\nhalf of today\u2019s refugee children are not in school? We\ncan let these potential explorers, diplomats, engineers,\nforesters, and zoologists languish, or we can ensure they\nfulfil their potential \u2013 to their benefit, and to ours.\n\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A clearer picture is emerging\nof refugee education\n\n\nAt the end of 2022, the number of forcibly displaced\npeople across the globe had reached 108 million,\nincluding 35.3 million refugees. [2] The school-aged\nrefugee population, which last year was around 10\nmillion, has jumped to 14.8 million. [3]\n\n\nOf those children, 51 per cent are estimated to be out\nof school: that\u2019s more than 7 million refugee children\nmissing out on education.\n\n\nMost accurate picture yet of refugee education\n\n\nFor this report covering the academic year 2021-22,\n**over 70 countries** hosting refugees are included in our\nassessment of access to education for refugees \u2013 more\nthan ever, giving us the most accurate picture yet.\n\n\n\nData from these countries indicate that average gross\nenrolment rates for refugees stands at **38 per cent** for\npre-primary, **65 per cent** for primary, **41 per cent** for\nsecondary, and **6 per cent** for tertiary. [4]\n\n\nThese figures do not include the situation for refugees\nfrom Ukraine (see section \u2018Hurdles to learning for\nUkraine\u2019s children\u2019 below).\n\n\nAt first glance, this year\u2019s figures seem to represent\na decrease in pre-primary and primary enrolment, an\nincrease in secondary enrolment, and no change to\ntertiary enrolment, when compared to the 2022 UNHCR\nrefugee education report. However, because last year\u2019s\nfigures are drawn from a smaller number of countries\n(just over 40 were included) it is impossible to draw\ndirect comparisons.\n\n\n\n2 UNHCR, \u201cGlobal Trends Report 2022\u201d (Copenhagen: UNHCR, 2022), https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022.\n\n3 UNHCR country operations. All figures specific to refugees are calculations of the author with data from UNHCR country operations.\n\n4 UNHCR country operations.\n\n\n6 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nrefugee education report", - "confidence": 0.6880947351455688, - "start": 263, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5299871563911438, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8103775978088379, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9589367508888245, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6955980658531189, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9428805112838745, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Trends Report 2022", - "confidence": 0.9715059399604797, - "start": 303, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5783160328865051, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.718257486820221, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.549781084060669, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9976669549942017, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9269243478775024, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee enrollment rates\n\nAverage reporting countries, 2021\u201322\n\n\nStriving for gender parity\n\n\nOn average, there is gender parity with similar malefemale access rates for refugee learners.\n\n\nOf the countries that provided gender disaggregated\ndata, the average primary enrolment rates for males\nstood at 63 per cent, while the rate for females was 61\nper cent. At secondary level, the corresponding figures\nwere 36 per cent and 35 per cent. [5]\n\n\nGender disparities in primary education access\n\nCountries with largest gaps, refugee enrollment rates\n\n\n\nRefugee gross enrollment rates\n\nAverage reporting countries, gender\n\n\nHowever, this does not mean that gender parity has\nbeen achieved in every refugee-hosting country. The\ngraphic below illustrates some of the disparities, with\nlonger lines indicating bigger gender gaps. Senegal\nand Gabon show the greatest disparities: in Senegal, for\nexample, enrolment rates are 53 per cent for females\nand 36 per cent for males; conversely, in Gabon the\nsituation is reversed, with 100 per cent enrolment for\nboys and 78 per cent for girls. [6]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: UNHCR operations\n\n\n\n\n\n103%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n64%\n\n57%\n\n\n\n\n\nSenegal: **+17pp** 36%\n\n\n\n53%\n\n\n\n20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n5 UNHCR country operations.\n\n6 UNHCR country operations.\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Access problems persist\n\n\nClear disparities are observed when comparing access\nrates for refugees versus national averages at the\nprimary and secondary levels. While the global average\nprimary gross enrolment rates for males and females\nwere 103 per cent and 101 per cent, [7] respectively, they\nwere only 63 per cent and 61 per cent for refugee males\nand females, respectively. [8] At the secondary level, these\ndifferences are also apparent with the enrolment rate\nfor refugee males and females, which are less than half\nthe global average.\n\n\nGross enrollment rates\n\nGlobal averages and refugee reporting countries, gender\n\n\nRefugees\n\nGlobal average Source: UNHCR operations and UNESCO-UIS\n\n\nA deeper dive into the situation in the top refugeehosting countries further highlights the gap in\neducational access for refugees. As illustrated below,\nthe countries with the largest discrepancies are Peru,\nColombia, and Bangladesh, where there is a difference\nof 80, 80, and 74 percentage points, respectively,\nbetween refugee enrolment and the national average. [9]\n\n\n7 UNESCO-UIS, \u201cUIS Statistics,\u201d 2023, [http://data.uis.unesco.org/;](http://data.uis.unesco.org/)\nEnrolment rates can exceed 100% because of over-age learners such\nas students repeating years, or those catching-up on missed years of\nschooling.\n\n8 UNHCR country operations.\n\n9 UNHCR country operations.\n\n10 UNESCO-UIS, \u201cUIS Statistics.\u201d\n\n\n\nThe data also shows that upper-middle-income\ncountries with large forcibly displaced populations, such\nas T\u00fcrkiye, Colombia and Peru, have national average\nsecondary enrolment rates that exceed 100 per cent, [10]\nwhile rates for refugees and Venezuelans displaced\nabroad are dramatically lower. In Colombia, for instance,\nsecondary enrolment rates for displaced Venezuelans\nare close to one fifth of the rates for the host population.\n\n\nIn other settings, such as Uganda and Ethiopia, while\naverage secondary enrolment rates are low in general,\nthey are still markedly lower for refugees.\n\n\nSecondary gross enrollment rates\n\nRefugees and national averages, top hosting countries\n\n\nRefugees\n\nNational average\n\n\n\n8 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global average", - "confidence": 0.54390549659729, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9304807782173157, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9278759360313416, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIS Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8838624954223633, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO-UIS", - "confidence": 0.91597580909729, - "start": 118, - "end": 119 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9259657263755798, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.888961136341095, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Secondary gross enrollment rates", - "confidence": 0.6608586311340332, - "start": 342, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9415544271469116, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A changing picture?\n\n\nThe customary, if depressing, picture is for secondary\nenrolment for refugee children to be markedly lower than\nfor primary \u2013 and for the gap at secondary level between\nrefugees and non-refugees to be significant. The latest\nfigure, of 41 per cent, shows a potentially encouraging\nimprovement on last year, when it was 37 per cent, albeit\nthe analysis is not based on the same countries. [11]\n\n\nBut the picture is very mixed. In T\u00fcrkiye, in just two years,\nrefugee enrolment rocketed from 27 per cent to over 60\nper cent. In Pakistan, by contrast, the figure dipped from\n5 per cent to 1 per cent and back up to 3 per cent over\nthe same period. [12] In Colombia, meanwhile, enrolment for\ndisplaced Venezuelans fell to 22 per cent, down from 30\nper cent the year before. [13]\n\n\nThe question of quality\n\n\nnational examinations, where they are able to do so, their\npass rates at all levels are high, at times exceeding the\nnational average. In our reporting countries, 78 per cent\nof refugee students who sit primary exams pass them.\nThe figures are 71 per cent and 61 per cent for lower and\nupper secondary, respectively. [14] At the primary level, pass\nrates are higher for males than for females, at 83 per cent\nand 78 per cent, respectively. [15]\n\n\nNational examination refugee pass rates\n\n\n11 UNHCR country operations.\n\n12 UNHCR country operations.\n\n13 UNHCR country operations.\n\n14 UNHCR country operations.\n\n15 UNHCR country operations.\n\n\n\nIn the Democratic Republic of the Congo, an astounding\n96 per cent of refugees who take primary national examinations pass, well above the national figure of 71 per cent. [16]\n\n\nPrimary national examination pass rates\n\nTop hosting countries, comparison refugees\nand national averages\n\n\nRefugees\n\nNational average\n\n\nSource: UNHCR operations\nand Rossiter & Konate\n\n\nMany factors affect learning, but one of the most obvious\nis the quality of teaching. We lack sufficient data to know\nthe proportion of teachers engaging with refugee learners\nwho have acquired a minimum level of qualifications, but\nother indicators can serve as useful proxies for quality\neducation, such as pupil-to-teacher ratios.\n\n\nThere is no consensus on the ideal ratio, which in any case\nvaries between age groups. However it is agreed that\nyounger children and learners from disadvantaged backgrounds benefit from a lower pupil-to-teacher ratio. [17] While\nfew countries are able to report reliable figures, some\nappear to have very high ratios \u2013 Uganda, for instance, has\nan average of 73 refugee pupils for each teacher. [18]\n\n\nThe differences with national averages are also marked\nin some cases. For example, while the national average\npupil-to-teacher ratio in Burundi is 43, [19] for refugees it is\n62. [20]\n\n\n16 UNHCR country operations.\n\n17 OECD, \u201cEducation GPS: Class Size & Student-Teacher Ratio\u201d\n(Paris: OECD, 2022), [https://bit.ly/3R0Sbvk.](https://bit.ly/3R0Sbvk)\n\n18 UNHCR country operations.\n\n19 World Bank, \u201cWorld Bank Open Data: Pupil-Teacher Ratio,\nPrimary,\u201d World Bank Open Data, 2018, [https://data.worldbank.org.](https://data.worldbank.org)\n\n20 UNHCR country operations.\n\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary\nenrolment for refugee children", - "confidence": 0.5529596209526062, - "start": 13, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.5066994428634644, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.6105095744132996, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National examination refugee pass rates", - "confidence": 0.9062972068786621, - "start": 266, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.9484382271766663, - "start": 207, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national averages", - "confidence": 0.5358262062072754, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.5943440198898315, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee learners", - "confidence": 0.8159428238868713, - "start": 385, - "end": 387 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education GPS", - "confidence": 0.6136279106140137, - "start": 537, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OECD", - "confidence": 0.787971556186676, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5446587800979614, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee pupils", - "confidence": 0.7108661532402039, - "start": 481, - "end": 483 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT:**\n##### **ACCESS IN THE** **AMERICAS**\n\nAt the end of 2022, there were more than 700,000\nrefugees and 5.3 million others in need of protection\nin the Americas. [21] Most were Venezuelans displaced\nabroad: Colombia (2.5 million), Peru (976,400)\nand Ecuador (555,400) host the largest displaced\npopulations in the region. [22]\n\n\nRefugee enrolment\n\n\nThe data indicates that refugee enrolment in the\nAmericas is low. For one thing, enrolment rates drop off\nin the transition from primary to secondary education\nin virtually every reporting country. There are also big\ndifferences between national averages and refugee\nenrolment. As the graph below shows, in Peru, for\n\n\n\nAssessments / learning\n\n\nThere have been interesting advances in the\nmeasurement of learning for forcibly displaced\npopulations in the Americas region.\n\n\nIn Colombia, the Saber 11 exam evaluates competencies\nat the 11th grade and is a requirement to access\nhigher education. Available disaggregated data for\nVenezuelans indicates that they are performing similarly\non the subjects tested in comparison to Colombian\nnationals. In results for 2020, Venezuelans scored an\naverage of 46 points in English on Saber 11, while the\ncorresponding score for Colombians was 47. In maths,\nthe average score for Venezuelans was 49, while the\nscore for Colombians was 51. [25]\n\n\nFurther progress in assessment of learning is\nanticipated. In 2025, the next edition of a 16-country\nregional survey that measures 3rd and 6th graders\u2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n22 UNHCR.\n\n23 UNHCR country operations.\n\n24 UNESCO-UIS, \u201cUIS Statistics.\u201d\n\n25 R4V, \u201cGIFMM Colombia: An\u00e1lisis de Resultados Del Examen de Estado de La Educaci\u00f3n Media, ICFES \u2013 Saber 11 (2022) En Poblaci\u00f3n\n[Escolar Refugiada y Migrante de Venezuela,\u201d 2022, https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gifmm-colombia-analisis-de-resultados-del-examen-](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gifmm-colombia-analisis-de-resultados-del-examen-de-estado-de-la-educacion-media-icfes-0)\n[de-estado-de-la-educacion-media-icfes-0.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gifmm-colombia-analisis-de-resultados-del-examen-de-estado-de-la-educacion-media-icfes-0)\n\n\n10 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee enrolment", - "confidence": 0.9070913791656494, - "start": 94, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.513641357421875, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Saber 11 exam", - "confidence": 0.7395517826080322, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.576704740524292, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "forcibly displaced\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.5264579653739929, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.5413417816162109, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "measurement of learning for forcibly displaced\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.6289875507354736, - "start": 162, - "end": 169 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.7054924964904785, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5149794816970825, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9874165058135986, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelans", - "confidence": 0.7957404255867004, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "16-country\nregional survey", - "confidence": 0.748321533203125, - "start": 283, - "end": 286 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6829979419708252, - "start": 285, - "end": 286 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO-UIS", - "confidence": 0.6284579038619995, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.8608209490776062, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5535043478012085, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9182801842689514, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "3rd and 6th graders", - "confidence": 0.7033637166023254, - "start": 288, - "end": 292 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIS Statistics", - "confidence": 0.9477142095565796, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO-UIS", - "confidence": 0.8281803131103516, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7100145816802979, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Primary education: pupil to teacher ratios\n\nNational and refugee averages\n\n\nHurdles to learning for Ukraine\u2019s children\n\n\nAs of June 2023, there were almost 6 million Ukrainian\nrefugees across Europe. [26] An estimated **40 per cent**,\nor nearly 2.5 million, are children. [27] Most have fled to\nneighbouring or nearby countries, including Poland,\nGermany, Moldova, Romania, and Czechia.\n\n\nThe European Union has taken decisive action\nto ensure that refugee children from Ukraine are\nwelcome in host countries through the activation of\nthe Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which grants\nresidency permits to eligible individuals, giving them\naccess to government services, including education.\n\n\nNumber of Ukrainian refugee school aged children\n\nEnrolled by hosting country\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nRepublic of Moldova\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\n\nRefugee\n\nNational\n\n\nFor a variety of reasons, however, around six in 10\nUkrainian refugee children are not in host country\nschools. The levels vary: for example, the estimated\ngross enrolment rate in primary and secondary\neducation across Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Moldova,\nPoland, Romania, and Slovakia (which collectively\nhosted just over 2.5 million Ukrainian refugees as of\n14 June, 2023) is [43 per cent, with a wide range in](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ukrainian-refugees-pathways-inclusion-education-insights-host-countries)\nindividual countries of between 4 and 59 per cent.\nData in other countries varies but is not encouraging.\n\n\n\n0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000\n\n\n26 UNHCR, \u201cUkraine Situation Flash Update #46,\u201d UNHCR Operational Data Portal (ODP), 2023, [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100493.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100493)\n\n27 UNHCR, \u201cRegional Refugee Response Plan for the Ukraine Situation,\u201d 2022, [https://bit.ly/3qXvSf5.](https://bit.ly/3qXvSf5)\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I Masha, 12, from Dnipro in Ukraine reads a book in her\nroom at a refugee shelter in Krak\u00f3w, Poland.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Anna Liminowicz\n\n\nLack of clarity\n\n\nThe lack of take-up of educational opportunities is\npartly down to different approaches between member\nstates to some rights under TPD, while refugees have\nalso encountered various obstacles such as a lack of\ninformation on availability of schools, language barriers,\nand a lack of relevant documentation such as previous\nschool records.\n\n\nCompounding the situation, Ukraine\u2019s education\nministry has encouraged the use of an e-learning\nprogramme devised in response to the COVID-19\npandemic, called the All-Ukraine Online School. [28] In the\nperiod between February and June 2022, host states\ntook different approaches, from immediate enrolment\nin local schools where refugees and non-refugees learn\nalongside each other, to a combination of host country\nand Ukrainian curricula, to full-time remote learning\nusing Ukraine\u2019s e-learning platform.\n\n\nData on how many refugees follow the online Ukrainian\ncurriculum is limited. However, in summer 2022, over\n\n\n\n50 per cent were doing so in Moldova, Slovakia and\nRomania, while less than 30 per cent were following it\nin Poland. There is a generalized understanding that\na non-segregated setting is a better approach since\nit allows children to interact with their classmates and\nreceive appropriate support. [29]\n\n\nMixed blessings\n\n\nOnline learning has proved a mixed blessing. Some\nevidence suggests that few children are using it, or that\nthey are following both online courses and the host\ncountry curriculum, doubling their workload. [30]\n\n\nHowever, in Moldova, online learning provided by\nthe Ukrainian education ministry is the most widely\naccessed education service by refugee primary and\nsecondary school-aged children: up to 61 per cent were\nstudying online [31] not including preschool learners. [32]\nAccording to one assessment, 82 per cent of parents\nsaid they preferred their children to study via Ukrainian\nonline platforms rather than go to primary schools. In\nGeorgia, an estimated 45 per cent study online while in\nRomania the figure is 71 per cent. [33]\n\n\nAdditional barriers\n\n\nDespite the right policies being in place, there are\nother barriers to accessing school for Ukrainian refugee\nchildren. With many parts of Ukraine are still affected by\nwar, it is difficult for refugee families to plan for a return\nhome, [34] which also affects decisions on whether to put\nchildren into host-country education systems or stick\nwith the Ukrainian curriculum.\n\n\nIn addition, capacity in host country national education\nsystems \u2013 including shortages of teachers and other\nstaff \u2013 is a challenge, particularly in towns and cities.\nCzechia, Poland and Hungary are facing severe teacher\nshortages, [35] while some countries are struggling to find\nenough professionals to provide mental health and\npsychosocial support. [36]\n\n\n\n28 Save the Children, \u201c\u2018This Is My Life, and I Don\u2019t Want to Waste a Year of It\u2019: The Experiences and Wellbeing of Children Fleeing Ukraine,\u201d\n[Save the Children\u2019s Resource Centre, 2022, https://bit.ly/3EiUvWQ.](https://bit.ly/3EiUvWQ)\n\n29 European Commission, \u201cSupporting the Inclusion of Displaced Children from Ukraine in Education: Considerations, Key Principles and\nPractices for the School Year 2022-2023,\u201d 2022.\n\n30 Save the Children, \u201c\u2018This Is My Life, and I Don\u2019t Want to Waste a Year of It.\u2019\u201d\n\n31 REACH and UNICEF, \u201cMoldova: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment,\u201d 2022, [https://bit.ly/45sSNOl.](https://bit.ly/45sSNOl)\n\n32 Inter-Agency Education Working Group, \u201cMoldova Rapid Education Needs Assessment\u201d (UNHCR, 2023).\n\n33 Inter-Agency Operational Update, \u201cCzech Republic: Inter-Agency Operational Update.,\u201d 2022, [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96855.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96855)\n\n34 Inter-Agency Education Working Group, \u201cMoldova Rapid Education Needs Assessment.\u201d\n\n35 Akila Quinio et al., \u201cWanted: Tens of Thousands of Teachers to Staff Europe\u2019s Schools,\u201d Financial Times, September 2, 2022.\n\n36 European Commission, \u201cSupporting the Inclusion of Displaced Children from Ukraine in Education: Considerations, Key Principles and\nPractices for the School Year 2022-2023.\u201d\n\n\n12 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - 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"start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Displaced Children", - "confidence": 0.706627368927002, - "start": 733, - "end": 735 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I \u0007Ukrainian refugees build a\nbreakdancing robot at a robotics\nclass run by NGO Next Step\nAssociation in Budapest, Hungary.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Erno Simon\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Undeterred, I secured admission to the dental faculty\nat a private university in Odesa and was fortunate that\nmy father was able to find a way to pay my fees. With\nthe unwavering support of my family and a lot of hard\nstudying, I completed the first two years of university\nand then applied for a DAFI scholarship. [37] Thankfully my\ndiligent studies and excellent exam scores meant I was\ngranted a DAFI scholarship, which enabled me to finish\nthe course. I will always remember the day and moment\nwhen I heard the happy news about the scholarship!\n\n\n_I haven\u2019t forgotten those_\n_who were left behind.\u201d_\n## \u201c\n\nThings were going so well, but then suddenly, my family\nand I were on the move again. The war in Ukraine\nmade life too risky and dangerous, and we were forced\nto leave Ukraine, as we had left Afghanistan all those\nyears before. At the time I was in the final semester\nof my master\u2019s degree and, once again, life was full\nof unbearable uncertainty, complications and doubts:\nwould Germany be as welcoming as Ukraine? Would\nI be able to learn another new language and adapt\nto another new culture? I wanted to start my PhD,\nbut at the same time I was struggling even to find an\napartment!\n\n\nAt that moment, I thought back to my idol: Malala\nYousufzai, the Pakistani student who suffered so much\nfor her right to receive an education, and who has done\nso much for female education. Every time I read about\nher courage, it gave me courage of my own to forge\nahead. She made me believe that one day I would stop\nfeeling helpless, would achieve my goals \u2013 and then\nhelp girls in my own country who need support at this\ndevastating time for Afghanistan.\n\n\nI haven\u2019t forgotten those who were left behind \u2013 like my\nfriend Sarah, who recently finished school and wanted\nto go to university, until the de facto authorities forbade\nwomen from doing so. Kabul fell one day before she\nand her classmates were due to take their final school\nexam, and Sarah\u2019s ambitions of becoming a politician\nhave been cut short along with her education.\n\n\nOr Lina, who has been a teacher for the past 12 years\nand says that she and her colleagues are continuing\ntheir jobs but are always facing financial and other\ndifficulties.\n\n\n\nI \u0007Nilab, who is studying for PhD in therapeutic\ndentistry, consults reference books at the library.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Gordon Welters\n\n\nI want to encourage them and other women and\ngirls to embrace their aspirations, to surmount the\nchallenges in their way, to nurture an unyielding spirit of\ndetermination.\n\n\nI know it is not easy: I have been ignored, people closed\ndoors on me even when I deserved opportunities, but I\nhave stood strong and today I am embarking on a PhD\nin therapeutic dentistry to achieve the highest level\nof education and become the best I can be. I know\nthat even though you might be strong and brave, that\ndoesn\u2019t mean you won\u2019t feel hurt by other people\u2019s\nnegative words and attitudes, but you have to ignore\nthem and push on. And I want to be a voice for those\nwho I can\u2019t help directly.\n\n\nI hope powerful and influential people read my story\nand my message and are inspired to help women and\ngirls across the world to achieve their potential as I\nhave done.\n\n\n\n37 The DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative) scholarship programme offers qualified refugee and returnee students the\npossibility to earn an undergraduate degree in their country of asylum or home country.\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "opportunities.\n\n\nI believe sharing my experiences can empower other\nrefugee girls who face challenges and setbacks like\nmine, and who can discover that education is the key\nto transforming your life, breaking free from societal\nconstraints, and charting your own path.\n\n\n\nmen waiting in line. Luckily for me, my aunt was going to\nKenya to seek safety from the conflict, and my father let\nme go with her to help with household chores. At that\ntime, education was not even a dream of mine.\n\n\nIt took three days on a lorry loaded with soda crates to\nreach Kakuma refugee camp and from there we went\nto Eldoret. I remember my arrival date vividly: it was a\nSunday morning, 10 a.m., on 13 July 2008.\n\n\n\n16 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "When I enrolled in primary school a year later, I was\nthe oldest in my class, could only speak my mother\ntongue, did not know how to write my name, and could\nnot even count to 10! But I was determined and worked\nhard and soon caught up. By the end of the year I was\ntop of my class.\n\n\nAs the crisis in South Sudan worsened, financial\nconstraints made it hard to continue paying school fees,\nwhile the social and cultural pressure to marry became\nunbearable as I grew through my teenage years\u2014I\nwould come home from school to find numerous men\nhaving visited my aunt seeking to marry me\u2014but I\nwished to continue my education.\n\n\n_The scholarship\u2026 freed me from the_\n_idea that someone would demand_\n## \u201c\n_something in return for my education.\u201d_\n\n\nOne man volunteered to pay my school fees, and I felt I\nhad found someone who really cared about my studies,\nbut then he told me I would have to marry him in return.\nI felt betrayed and cheated, and rejected his bargain,\nalthough sometimes I felt it would be easier just to be\nmarried and have someone provide for me. Through a\nchurch group, I was able to find a sponsor and worked\nhard through high school, but just before national exams\nmy father got sick, his health worsening with each\npassing day. Losing my father was a devastating blow.\nI had no one to hold me up. In the midst of my grief, I\nsummoned all of my strength to honour his memory and\nfinish my exams successfully.\n\n\n\nAs I looked to the future after school and the dream of\nuniversity, scholarships offered a glimmer of hope in\nproviding financial support and shielding young refugee\ngirls like me from forced marriages, but the COVID-19\npandemic hit and everything was delayed.\n\n\nI had always wanted to improve the justice system in\nmy country of South Sudan, so I applied to study law at\nthe University of Nairobi. Halfway through my first year,\nI heard about the DAFI scholarship on social media. I\nimmediately applied and was lucky to be selected. The\nscholarship has given me peace of mind, knowing my\nfees will be paid, and it has freed me from the idea that\nsomeone would demand something in return for my\neducation.\n\n\nLast year I was elected President of the University\nof Nairobi Students Association, becoming the firstever female refugee to hold the post. In that role, I am\nadvocating for increased financial support for refugee\nstudents and for greater kindness, because we refugees\nhave all suffered hostility and trauma in our lives.\n\n\nMy personal journey exemplifies the resilience and\ndetermination of refugee girls and shows that by\nempowering us through education we can break the\ncycle of hardship and provide a path towards a brighter\nfuture. If you seize every opportunity, no one and\nnothing can hinder you from achieving what you want.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "virtual tutoring sessions to help me stay on track. I also\nmade sure to take care of my mental and physical health\nby taking study breaks, staying active, and connecting\nwith friends and family.\n\n\nIn addition to the challenges of online learning, the\npandemic also hit clinical rotations, in which students\ngain valuable real-world experience working with\npatients and healthcare professionals. Hospitals and\nclinics had to limit the number of students allowed in\ntheir facilities, which meant that my classmates and I\nhad to compete for very few spots, making it harder\nto get the hands-on experience needed to become\na competent nurse. I was persistent and was able to\nsecure a place at a local hospital to complete my clinical\nrotations. I made sure to keep up to date with all the\nlatest safety protocols and precautions, so that I could\nshow the hospital that I was serious about keeping\nmyself and my patients safe.\n\n\n_My dream of becoming a_\n_nurse has come true.\u201d_\n## \u201c\n\nI learned a lot from working in the hospital, but the\nexperience brought challenges too. I was worried\nabout bringing the virus home to my family because,\nas a healthcare worker, I was at higher risk of exposure\nto the virus. I was particularly concerned about the\npotential impact on my loved ones. I took every\npossible precaution to minimize the risk of transmission,\n\n\nI COVID-19 vaccines in cold storage. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jose Cendon\n\n\n\nincluding wearing personal protective equipment in\nhospital, washing my hands frequently and practising\nsocial distancing.\n\n\nWhile getting sick or spreading the virus was a\nconstant worry, I also felt it was important to continue\nworking and doing my part to help patients during this\nchallenging time.\n\n\nI have to say that the pandemic also had some positive\neffects. I saw first-hand the impact that nurses can\nhave on patients\u2019 lives, which made me even more\ndetermined to pursue my dream and make a difference\nin the world. The pandemic also forced me to be more\nadaptable and flexible in my approach to learning and\nproblem-solving. I had to find new ways to connect\nwith my classmates and instructors, which has helped\nme develop new skills and strategies for working in a\nrapidly changing world. While the pandemic has been\ndifficult, it has also been helpful for me to grow and\ndevelop as a person and a future nurse.\n\n\nI graduated in 2022 and am now a fully qualified nurse,\nand at the same time, I have also enrolled to study law\nat university. My dream of becoming a nurse has come\ntrue. I love my job, and I want to be the best nurse I can\nbe.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**With the right support from donors, civil society, and other partners, refugee hosting countries can fully integrate**\n**refugee children and youth into national education systems, ensuring inclusivity and opportunity for all.**\n\n\n\nEducation is essential to thrive in life, leading to better\nemployment opportunities, higher wages, and improved\nlife outcomes. For girls specifically, higher education is\nassociated with a lower likelihood of early marriage and\npregnancy, allowing girls to take charge of their own\ndestinies.\n\n\nThe stories in this report are a testament to the strength\nof refugee children and youth \u2013 and especially of girls\nand young women \u2013 who in the face of adversity few\ncan imagine, have maintained their resolve to stay in\nschool and continue their education.\n\n\n\nHowever, the sober figures presented in this report\nhighlight how much work remains to be done so that\nachieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 on Quality\nEducation and its targets becomes a reality for all\nlearners everywhere, including refugees. In line with\nthe Global Initiative on Education in Situations of Crisis\nand the Call to Action on Financing Education, agreed\nat the 2022 Transforming Education Summit, and in\nanticipation of the 2023 Global Refugee Forum, the\npriority areas of action are laid out below.\n\n\nRecognizing the efforts that states have already made to\nincrease opportunities for refugees, we call on a variety\nof actors, including partners, civil society, donors, and\nothers to support states to:\n\n\n\n20 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** Improve access to education and\nlearning outcomes for children\nand youth affected by crises.\n\n\n**Civil society and partners can support host states by:**\n\n\n\u00bb Advocating for governments to include all young\npeople in their national education plans in ways that\nrespect the diversity of needs, abilities, and capacities, and are free from all forms of discrimination.\n\n\n\u00bb Supporting states to monitor and ensure that all\nstudents in school are acquiring the foundational literacy, numeracy, and socio-emotional skills essential\nfor learning success.\n\n\n\u00bb Supporting states to ensure education programmes\nequip young people with essential work and life\nskills, as well as demand-driven training specifically\nfor refugees.\n\n\n**States can:**\n\n\n\u00bb Remove existing social, economic, and political\nbarriers to primary and secondary education for all\nchildren and adolescents, including refugees.\n\n\n\u00bb Uphold existing commitments and international laws\nand treaties stipulating that refugees can access\neducation on a par with host country nationals.\n\n\n\n**2.** Build inclusive, crisis-resilient\neducation systems.\n\n\n**Donors and partners can support host states by:**\n\n\n\u00bb Ensuring schools are equipped with information and\ntools to safeguard health and well-being, provide\nadequate nutrition, water, and sanitation, and protect\nlearners from violence, sexual exploitation and\nabuse.\n\n\n\u00bb Advocating for the alignment of emergency education with both national programmes and the\nminimum standards for education set out by the\nInter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies\n(INEE).\n\n\n**3.** Scale up and mainstream high-impact\nand evidence-based interventions into\nnational policies and programming.\n\n\n**Donors and partners can support host states through**\n**action in these thematic areas:**\n\n\n\u00bb Teachers \u2013support refugee teachers\u2019 inclusion in\nnational teacher management systems, align their\nrecruitment and deployment with national standards,\nrecognize their prior qualifications, and ensure predictable multi-year financing for their recruitment and\nprofessional development.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I Ukrainian children and their teacher at a learning centre in Bucharest, Romania, set up by PepsiCo in the first weeks of the\nUkrainian refugee emergency. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n\n\u00bb Gender equality and inclusion \u2013ensure refugee boys\nand girls have equal access to national education\nsystems.\n\n\n\u00bb Early childhood education \u2013 ensure refugee children\nhave access to early childhood education where it is\navailable to host country children.\n\n\n\u00bb Socio-emotional skills and psychosocial support \u2013\nprovide refugee children with adequate support to\ndevelop the socio-emotional and foundational skills\nthat will strengthen their learning.\n\n\n\u00bb Protection from violence \u2013 ensure all children are\neducated in safe spaces and live in communities free\nof violence.\n\n\n\u00bb Education technology and innovation - support\nchildren and youth with evidence-based, connected\neducation programmes that use tech-enabled teaching and learning practices, contributing to improved\ndigital skills, life skills and learning outcomes.\n\n\n\n**4.** Maintain and increase external financing,\nensuring it reaches all learners equitably\nand aligns with national planning priorities.\n\n\n**Donors can support host states by:**\n\n\n\u00bb Ensuring reliable, multi-year funding to build education systems that are agile, responsive to the onset\nof crises, and inclusive of refugees.\n\n\n\u00bb Restating and meeting their commitments to allocate\n0.7 per cent of gross national income to overseas aid,\nand to devote at least 10 per cent of that to education.\n\n\n\u00bb Supporting UNHCR to innovate and find solutions\nto both new and longstanding problems \u2013 from\nclassroom equipment, infrastructure, connectivity,\nand online resources to teacher training, apprenticeships, and internships, and encouraging the private\nsector also to play a role.\n\n\n**States are encouraged to:**\n\n\nMeet commitments to increase overall spending for education, and targeting the increase equitably so that it benefits the most marginalized learners, including refugees.\n\n\n\n22 **UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **THE FINAL WORD**\n\nLeonardo Garnier,\nSpecial Adviser to the UN Secretary-General on\nTransforming Education\n\n\n**Let\u2019s welcome refugee children**\n**to their learning adventure**\n\n\nLearning is discovering, looking for answers to neverending questions, finding out, reading about something\nthat baffles you, sharing your search with others,\nlearning with and from others. Learning is not just about\nanswering questions, but about imagining and collectively\nconfronting new and more challenging questions, or\nlooking at them from a different perspective.\n\n\nEducation is the key to building a learning society, a society in which we learn to learn, we learn to do, we learn\nto live together, and we learn to live. Learning does not\nbegin at school. It starts much earlier, and it never ends.\nIt\u2019s truly a lifelong adventure. When we deny such an\nadventure to any person, for whatever reason, we are\ndenying them access to the most important path to a\nproductive, collaborative, meaningful and enjoyable life.\nThat is why we regard education as an essential and\nenabling human right: a right that opens the door to\nother rights.\n\n\nAnd yet, for many different reasons, millions of children\nand young people are still denied their right to education, their right to learn. Poverty, long distances to\nschool, lack of teachers and infrastructure, gender inequality, discrimination in rights and in practice, as well as\nthe lack of adequate facilities for persons with disabilities, are some of the reasons why the right to education\nis denied to millions.\n\n\nBut, as this report attests, all those barriers are compounded in a particularly perverse way by the challenge\nfaced by increasing numbers of forcibly displaced\nlearners \u2013 especially refugees. Suddenly and through\nno fault of their own, they find themselves not just out of\nschool, but out of their homes, their communities, their\ncountries, and their cultures. They are in unfamiliar territory, often lacking a sense of belonging. And they don\u2019t\nalways feel welcome. Learning, for them, can become\nan almost impossible mission.\n\n\nI still vividly recall my dismay when, years ago, a\nMinister of Education in my home country of Costa\nRica lamented that resources had to be allocated to\nforeign children who sought refuge in our schools after\n\n\n\nI Leonardo Garnier. \u00a9 UN Photo/Jaclyn Licht\n\n\nfleeing war in other Central American countries. Those\nchildren simply wanted to be welcomed, receive their\nschool meals, use the bus to get to school, and sit in a\nclassroom and learn, just like any other student. What\nthe minister failed to comprehend then was that every\nchild, irrespective of their origin, belongs in school.\nGiven the unique challenges forcibly displaced children\nface, they deserve not only a place in school, but also a\nwarm welcome and dedicated support.\n\n\n_It is imperative that we embrace the_\n_educational journey of displaced children\u201d_\n## \u201c\n\nIs there a cost in this effort for host countries? Yes, of\ncourse, and it is important that the international community steps up to help countries in their efforts to integrate displaced and refugee children in their schools.\nBut let\u2019s not focus only on the cost as a central concern,\nsince there are also huge long-term benefits for host\ncountries. Education is about learning to live together,\nand sharing the classroom with foreign, displaced classmates serves as a wonderful lesson in love and solidarity for our children \u2013 and for us: we become better\npeople.\n\n\nLet us also remember that many of those children\nwe host today in our schools will be our future fellow\ncontributing citizens. And let us not forget that many of\nus are descendants of yesterday\u2019s displaced children\n\n- and here, I think of my grandpa, once a teenaged\nmigrant himself.\n\n\nIt is imperative that we embrace the educational journey\nof displaced children. Education is their right and our\nresponsibility. By providing them with quality education\nand offering them the care and support they need,\nwe foster their resilience, nurture their potential, and\ncontribute to a more inclusive and compassionate society. Let us not deny them the transformative power of\neducation but rather open ourselves, our classrooms,\nand communities to their unique stories, knowledge,\nand aspirations. Together, we can create a world where\nno child is left out and where every learning adventure\ncan flourish.\n\n\n\n**UNLOCKING POTENTIAL** | The right to education and opportunity education 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS**\n\nReport compiled and produced by: Cirenia Chavez Villegas, Arash Bordbar, Tristan McConnell, Becky Telford, Charlie\nDunmore, Laura Bowles, Suzy Hopper and Barney Thompson.\n\n\nWith thanks to Artur Borkowski and Lily Calaycay from UNESCO\u2019s Section for Migration, Displacement, Emergencies and\nEducation (EME) for their contribution to the data and policy analyses on Ukrainian refugee children.\n\n\nGraphics: Jan Luka Frey\n\n\nTo contact the education team at UNHCR for more information on our education work or to discuss donations, funding,\nscholarships, data, partnerships and other forms of collaboration, please email Becky Telford at [telfordm@unhcr.org.](mailto:telfordm%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n\n\nUNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is a global organisation dedicated to saving lives, protecting rights, and building a better\nfuture for people forced to flee their homes because of conflict and persecution. We lead international action to protect\nrefugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people.\n\n\nWe deliver life-saving assistance, help safeguard fundamental human rights, and develop solutions that ensure people have\na safe place called home where they can build a better future. We also work to ensure that stateless people are granted a\nnationality.\n\n\nWe work in over 130 countries, using our expertise to protect and care for millions.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, September 2023\n\n\nCover photo: \u00a9 UNHCR/Charity Nzomo\n\n\nLayout and design: BakOS DESIGN\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fe5c1fa-5766-47df-997d-c4ee00f1fc28/2023-UNHCR-EDU_Report-screen%5B78%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_380/raw/doc_380_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_380/raw/doc_380_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9adf5a0974fcddba5cfd997fc0a60dc95daf5728..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_380/raw/doc_380_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_**Conference Outcome Executive Summary, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia**_\n\n### _EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_\n#### _OF THE OUTCOMES OF THE_\n### REGIONAL GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT\n\n##,\n# CONFERENCE\n\n_DELIVERING THE GLOBAL COMPACT ON REFUGEES:_\n_LOCAL APPROACHES TO INCLUSION_\n\n\n\u2018Delivering the Global Compact on Refugees: Local approaches to Inclusion\u2019, a regional government-to-government\nConference, was held from 31 October \u2013 1 November 2019 in Addis Ababa, hosted by the Government of Ethiopia.\nThe Conference brought together six governments of the East and Horn of Africa region - Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia,\nSouth Sudan, Sudan and Uganda, as well as Representatives from the AU, IGAD and ECA, and stakeholders from donor\ngovernments, UN agencies, and NGOs.\n\n\nThe conference was held with the objective to foster cross-national sharing of experiences and identify forward-looking\nopportunities for the implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and roll-out of the Comprehensive Refugee\nResponse Framework (CRRF) throughout countries in the Horn and East Africa. It served as an opportunity to take stock of\ngood practices, lessons and opportunities in advance of the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019.\n\n\nThe countries of the Horn and East Africa have, despite national challenges, shown impressive commitment and leadership in tackling the challenges of forced displacement. Since their initial commitment to the implementation of the CRRF,\npilot countries are now in different stages of roll-out, where some have presented a road-map for its implementation,\nestablished coordination mechanisms, and begun regional and local implementation. In all countries, development partners\nhave engaged positively to support various initiatives that are inclusive of refugees and host communities. Experiences\nare emerging that chart the transition to sustainable development-oriented support to refugees and to host communities,\nthrough strengthening refugee access to essential social services and phased transition away from exclusive and parallel\nhumanitarian assistance.\n\n\nWithin the context outlined above, participating governments deliberated on three specific themes:\n\n\n_**Theme 1:**_ Investing in national services to support host communities and the inclusion of refugees\n\n\n_**Theme 2:**_ Advancing the self-reliance agenda for refugees and their host communities\n\n\n_**Theme 3:**_ Expanding the whole-of-government approach, ensuring local ownership and adequate financing\nto the Global Compact on Refugees\n\n\nIn deliberating on the topics, governments identified several good practices. The creation of favourable legal frameworks\nand the introduction of several new initiatives have facilitated integration of refugees within the national education system\nof respective governments and access to civil documentation for refugees. Progressive policies, laws, directives and interventions such as making land available to refugees, ensuring freedom of mobility of refugees, putting inclusive programmes\nin place, investments in skills development and education, private sector participation, financial inclusion whereby refugees\naccess commercial financial services, and investments in infrastructure are helping advance the self-reliance and inclusion\nagenda for refugees and their host communities. Governments carrying out consultations for National Plans at district and\nnational levels, the use of data and evidence, and creating common projects between host and refugee communities and\nopening space for inclusion are among some of the good practices contributing to expanding the whole-of-government\napproach, ensuring local ownership and adequate financing to the Global Compact on Refugees.\n\n\n_**1.**_\n\n\n\n_**1**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b440de9f-0970-35e1-8576-c23612f0d6c8/Executive%20summary%20of%20the%20outcomes%20of%20the%20Regional%20Government-to-Government%20Conference%20-%20Delivering%20the%20Global%20Compact%20on%20Refugees%20-%20Local%20Approaches%20to%20Inclusion.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Conference Outcome Executive Summary, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia**_\n\n\nAmong the challenges hampering integration of refugees within the national education system were high dropout rates, the\nlanguage barrier, a lack of recognition of qualification and certification, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of multi-year,\npredictable and sustainable funding. Inadequate harmonization of national civil registration systems, a backlog of birth\nregistration for refugees and host communities, and limited awareness of refugee documentation by other stakeholders\nsuch as banks and the private sector need attention.\n\n\nChallenges affecting the advancement of the self-reliance agenda for refugees and their host communities include\nsecurity concerns, a shortage of funding despite increasing refugee influx, inconsistency of data and information between\norganizations, existing high unemployment rates amongst nationals, land tenure issues, and the private sector\u2019s common\nperception that refugees are a high-risk population to invest in. Limited coordination and alignment of humanitarian and\ndevelopment responses to national policies, and the failure of some organizations to work with existing local government\nstructures were also identified as obstacles. The \u2018whole-of-government approach\u2019 is also affected by inadequate alignment\nof development partners to national and local development plans. This indicates the need for ensuring local ownership\nthrough government led planning, the mapping of existing interventions, and joint assessments.\n\n\nIn identifying opportunities for the future, in relation to service inclusion, participants highlighted the development of costed\nplans with adequate funding, the more effective use of coordination structures (national-local-donor community), increased\ndevelopment funding, and reviewing regional systems, such as for the recognition of qualifications and certification in relation to integration of refugees within the national education system. Refugee access to civil documentation contributes to\nthe development of the national economy and strengthened access to social services. Working to ensure the acceptability\nof issued civil documents within IGAD countries, the use of existing systems and processes are some of the opportunities\nidentified to access to civil documentation.\n\n\nOpportunities related to advancing the self-reliance agenda for refugees and host communities in the region include\nprogressive refugee legal frameworks, initiatives that facilitate refugees\u2019 engagement in businesses and the participation\nof the private sector, and increased funding for country-based robust jobs and livelihoods response plans. Area-based\napproaches which holistically consider refugees, hosts, internally displaced persons (IDP) and returnees should be further\nexplored. The inclusion of refugees in national statistical collection, household surveys, and vulnerability mapping are\nconsidered opportunities in implementing the GCR and contributing to the whole-of-government approach.\n\n\nIn conclusion, it was noted that several overarching elements were necessary for the successful roll out of the GCR\nand the CCRF approach, notably enabling legislation and polices as well as political will to take commitments forward.\nJoint initiatives between host and refugee communities and the engagement of the private sector are encouraged.\nCoordination is key, not only within government (among line ministries and at national to local levels) but also between all\nrelevant stakeholders for the effective realization of the whole-of-government approach. The use data and evidence are key\nto the implementation of the GCR.\n\n\nFulfilling national commitments to further its duty of care to refugees, relative to existing national resource constraints of\ngovernments in the East and Horn of Africa, will be dependent on further equitable responsibility-sharing by the international\ncommunity. In this regard, new financing models of assistance, in addition to the engagement of new actors, should be\nprioritized. The upcoming Global Refugee Forum (GRF) is an opportunity to further strengthen responsibility-sharing in the\nspirit of the GCR, which was called for by all participating governments.\n\n\n_**2.**_\n\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b440de9f-0970-35e1-8576-c23612f0d6c8/Executive%20summary%20of%20the%20outcomes%20of%20the%20Regional%20Government-to-Government%20Conference%20-%20Delivering%20the%20Global%20Compact%20on%20Refugees%20-%20Local%20Approaches%20to%20Inclusion.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_381/raw/doc_381_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_381/raw/doc_381_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index db3dee4f80449ca1e991e4215a48c606e71cd531..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_381/raw/doc_381_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/90463f56-1e8e-3af1-9b05-9641c138b67c/External%20GBVIMS%20Dashboard%20%28Jan-Jun%292020%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/90463f56-1e8e-3af1-9b05-9641c138b67c/External%20GBVIMS%20Dashboard%20%28Jan-Jun%292020%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_382/raw/doc_382_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_382/raw/doc_382_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4a098a7b21f3e9c8e8e1cf03fbda8183e662519c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_382/raw/doc_382_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e440279a-70ca-373e-b2b3-3ba5b1043481/External%20GBVIMS%20Dashboard%20%28Jan-Jun%292021%2025%20Aug.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e440279a-70ca-373e-b2b3-3ba5b1043481/External%20GBVIMS%20Dashboard%20%28Jan-Jun%292021%2025%20Aug.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e440279a-70ca-373e-b2b3-3ba5b1043481/External%20GBVIMS%20Dashboard%20%28Jan-Jun%292021%2025%20Aug.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_383/raw/doc_383_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_383/raw/doc_383_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 95e15dab23138402b0476667b91f99cf37b1549b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_383/raw/doc_383_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**SECURING DURABLE SOLUTIONS FOR DISPLACED PERSONS IN GEORGIA:**\n**THE EXPERIENCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA**\n\nErin Mooney [\u2217]\n\n\nOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and\nUnited Nations Protection Capacity (ProCap)\n\nPaper presented to the conference\n\n\nCONFLICT AND MIGRATION: THE GEORGIAN-ABKHAZIAN CASE IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT\n\n\nIstanbul, 18-19 June 2008\n\n\nOn behalf of UNHCR, I would like to thank the Heinrich Boell Foundation, the Center for Citizen Peacebuilding of the University of California, Irvine, and Conciliation Resources for the invitation to\nparticipate in this conference, and to commend them for this initiative promoting the search for\nsolutions to the long-standing displacement situation resulting from the Georgia-Abkhazia conflict.\n\nSuch cases of \u201cfrozen conflict\u201d, where major hostilities have long ceased and, yet, peace nonetheless\nremains elusive, all too easily fade from international attention, even though the conflict and its\nenduring human consequences, including the plight of the people it displaced, is far from resolved.\n\nMore than half of the world\u2019s 11.4 million refugees and 26 million internally displaced persons (IDPs)\nuprooted as a result of armed conflict and violence are trapped in situations of protracted\ndisplacement. [1] For years, and sometimes decades, they face an uncertain future with no clear\nsolution in sight. They often also confront obstacles in accessing basic services, securing livelihoods,\nand enjoying their rights. Ensuring protection for displaced persons ultimately is about ensuring they\ncan attain a durable solution.\n\nSecuring solutions for displaced persons also is essential to peace-building and preventing further\nconflict. Unresolved problems of displacement upset national stability and can also undermine\nregional stability, threatening further conflict and displacement. At the same time, durable solutions, in\nparticular return, cannot be achieved for displaced persons without security and conflict resolution.\nThe United Nations Peace-building Commission recently has highlighted as a lesson learned that\nresolving displacement and achieving lasting peace are inextricably linked. [2]\n\nAs this conference considers how best to address this link in the Georgia-Abkhazia conflict, the\nexperience in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) may offer insights. Of course, every situation of\ndisplacement is unique and context-specific, such that direct comparisons are difficult. However,\ncertain universal principles do apply; most notably, the right of refugees and of internally displaced\npersons to voluntary return in safety and dignity to their area of origin or to find a solution elsewhere,\nwhich for IDPs would mean integrating elsewhere in their country. The case of BiH sheds important light\non what supporting realization of these rights and resolving displacement crises requires in practice.\n\n_Bosnia and Herzegovina_\n\nThe 1992-1995 conflict in BiH resulted in some 200,000 deaths and the displacement of 2.2 million\npersons -- almost half of the country\u2019s population -- 1.2 million of whom became refugees, while\napproximately one million were internally displaced.\n\nConflicts typically lead people to flee their homes and even country in an effort to escape the\nviolence. In the case of BiH, however, the displacement of whole communities was not simply a side\neffect of the conflict but a deliberate strategy aimed at altering the demographic character of\ndisputed territory; the odious expression \u201cethnic cleansing\u201d was coined in the BiH conflict to describe\nthis phenomenon.\n\n\n\u2217 Senior Protection Officer, United Nations Protection Capacity (ProCap) on deployment to UNHCR, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author\nexpresses appreciation to Peter Deck, Naveed Hussein and Scott Pohl for sharing insights helpful in the preparation of this paper.\n\n1 UNHCR, Statistics on Protracted Refugee Situations, as of February 2008; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, _Internal Displacement:_\n_Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2007_ (Norwegian Refugee Council, April 2008), p. 8.\n\n2 United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, Working Group on Lessons Learned, \u2018Comparative Lessons from Addressing Internal\nDisplacement in Peacebuilding,\u2019 13 March 2008, Chair\u2019s Summary, doc. WGLL/2008/9.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "When the war ended in December 1995, resolving the situation of refugees and displaced persons\nwas a high priority. The Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) devotes an entire Annex (VII) to this goal. At\nthe time, it was widely expected that many, if not most, refugees and IDPs, would return to their place\nof origin within a short period of time. Driving this aim was the moral and political imperative to reverse\n\u201cethnic cleansing\u201d. Annex VII accordingly placed particular emphasis on the right of all refugees and\ndisplaced persons \u2018freely to return to their homes of origin\u2019. Indeed, it stressed that \u2018[t]he _early_ return\nof refugees and displaced persons is an important objective of the settlement of the conflict\u2019. [3]\n\nIn the thirteen years since the signing of the DPA, more than a million people -- almost half of those\nuprooted -- have exercised their right to return. [4] The highest number of returns occurred in the two\nyears immediately following the conflict. Overwhelmingly, these were \u201cmajority returns\u201d, that is,\ndisplaced persons returning to an area where their ethnic group was in the local majority and\noccupied key positions of authority. For the first four years following the war, there were hardly any\n\u201cminority returns\u201d. Insecurity, including direct attacks on minority returnees, remained a significant\nproblem. A major practical obstacle to return and a further source of tension and conflict was the\nfact that the homes of many displaced persons were occupied, often by other displaced persons, in\nmany cases of a different ethnicity, and whose own homes were occupied or destroyed. Due to the\ndestruction wrought by the war and its aftermath, many other displaced persons simply no longer had\na home to return to. [5]\n\nHowever, from 2000-2002, the rate of returns, in particular minority returns, markedly increased.\nConcerted international and national efforts in four key areas account for this progress:\n\n_(i)_ _Freedom of movement:_\n\n\nTo begin with, there was a need to promote and protect exercise of the right to freedom of\nmovement, to practically enable the physical possibility of return. International efforts were\ninstrumental in this regard. Particularly key were the internationally-escorted buses across the InterEntity Boundary Line and the creation, at international insistence, of common license plates enabling\nindividuals to travel free of visible indication of their place of residence, on the basis of which they\nwere being targeted for attack.\n\n\n_(ii)_ _Security:_\n\n\nUnder the DPA, the parties to the conflict committed themselves to ensure that refugees and\ndisplaced persons could \u2018return in safety, without risk of harassment, intimidation, persecution or\ndiscrimination\u2019 and to \u2018take all necessary steps\u2026that would hinder or impede\u2026safe and voluntary\nreturn\u2019. The DPA specified a number of such measures including the prevention and suppression of\nany incitement of ethnic hostility and the prosecution, dismissal or transfer, as appropriate, of any\npersons in the military, paramilitary, police force and public service, responsible for serious violations of\nthe basic rights of persons belonging to ethnic or minority groups. [6]\n\n\nActual implementation of these commitments in the end required the robust direct engagement of\nthe international community. Most notably, in late 1997 the Office of the High Representative \u2013 an\ninternational body established to oversee implementation of the DPA \u2013 was vested with wide-ranging\nauthority, including to: dismiss public officials and bar them from holding office in the future; fine or\nban political parties; revoke legislation; and remove other obstacles to implementation of the DPA.\nThe OHR\u2019s increasing use of these so-called \u201cBonn Powers\u201d beginning in late 1999 was instrumental in\nremoving public officials, including members of the police force, who were blocking minority returns\nand inciting or condoning violence.\n\n\nIn addition, the arrest of a number of individuals suspected of having committed war crimes, the\npatrolling by international peacekeeping and police forces, insistence on increased minority\nrepresentation in the police forces, and sustained protection monitoring by international agencies\n\n\n3 Article 1 (1) of Annex VII of the General Framework Agreement for Peace, (Dayton Peace Agreement), 14 December 1995, [italics\nadded].\n\n4 According to Government statistics, 578,572 IDPs and 446,744 former refugees are reported to have returned during the period from 1996\nto end March 2008. Of these, 559,379 are majority returns, while 465,937 are minority returns.\n\n5 Some 445,000 housing units were partially or completely destroyed during the war; an additional 14,000 were destroyed in the violence\nthat followed the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. In total, this amounted to 37% of the pre-war housing assets of BiH. Source:\nUNHCR, 2007.\n\n6 Article I (2) and (3) of Annex VII, Dayton Peace Agreement.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and NGOs, further contributed to an improved security environment and greater freedom of\nmovement within the country.\n\n_(iii) Property Repossession:_\n\n\nArticle I(1) of Annex VII of the DPA affirmed that \u2018[a]ll refugees and displaced persons have the right\nfreely to return to their homes of origin. They shall have the right to have restored to them property of\nwhich they were deprived in the course of hostilities since 1991 and to be compensated for any\nproperty that cannot be restored to them.\u2019 The DPA created binding obligations on the domestic\nauthorities to ensure these rights as well as specific mechanisms to assist with the task, most notably a\nCommission for Real Property Claims of Refugees and Displaced Persons (CRPC).\n\n\nIn practice, however, political resistance coupled with an array of complicated legal and\nadministrative barriers stood in the way of implementation. Overcoming these obstacles and\nestablishing a legal and administrative claims process for the repossession of property was a complex,\nlabour-intensive and expensive process, requiring the concerted effort of a number of international,\nregional, state and local actors. [7] By the end of 1999, these efforts coalesced into a Property Law\nImplementation Plan (PLIP) to resolve all outstanding property repossession claims by refugees and\ndisplaced persons. In this domain as well, the OHR was instrumental in encouraging \u2013 and where\nnecessary, directly imposing \u2013 domestic implementation of the property laws allowing for restitution.\nReinforcing this, the International Police Task Force (IPTF) was an important tool for enforcing evictions,\nwhile UNHCR and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) played an essential\nrole in advocacy and monitoring implementation of the process. Of the more than 200,000 property\nclaims lodged, 93 percent were confirmed and implemented by mid-2005. [8] Indeed, BiH is considered\nthe first example of a successfully implemented large-scale process of property restitution in the\naftermath of conflict and a model, both positive and with lessons learned, for other conflicts in which\nproperty and land disputes feature prominently. [9]\n\n_(iv) Reconstruction:_\n\n\nAt the same time, extensive housing reconstruction got underway, with support from the international\ncommunity. To date, more than 260,000 houses have been reconstructed at a cost of some $2.6 billion\nEuros.\n\nThe combined effect of efforts in these four areas \u2013 freedom of movement, security, property\nrestitution, and reconstruction \u2013 was key to unblocking the deadlock in minority returns, with progress\nin particular in the period from 2000-2002.\n\nSo, what is the situation today? While official return figures record that many refugees and displaced\npersons have exercised their right to return to their pre-war place of residence, in line with the goals of\nAnnex VII, there is strong evidence suggesting that a significant percentage of persons have not\nremained in their place of return in the long-term. Many have sold, exchanged or rented their\nrepossessed property and opted to settle elsewhere, often in their place of displacement, in another\npart of the country or, for many refugees, abroad. For those remaining within the country, the general\ntendency in the post-war period has been that people continue to choose to live in areas where their\nethnic group is in the majority, both in the local population and in the political and civil authorities\n(e.g. police) of the community. A number of factors underpin this trend, most notably:\n\nDiscrimination of minority groups is a major factor hindering their return. Discriminatory policies and\npractices infuse all aspects of minority returnees\u2019 life, including employment, education, access to\nhealth care, as well as to pensions and even reconstruction assistance.\n\nThe lack of economic opportunities is a major obstacle to sustainable minority return. In addition to the\nwidespread unemployment affecting the whole population, minority returnees often face\ndiscrimination in accessing employment opportunities, including in the public service. Those who have\nreturned permanently tend to be older persons returning to rural areas, where they depend upon\n\n\n7 In particular: the Office of the High Representative (OHR), UNHCR, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the\nUnited Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the CRPC and the state, entity, cantonal and municipal authorities.\n\n8 UNHCR, OHR and OSCE, _Statistics: Implementation of the Property Laws in Bosnia and Herzegovina_ (September 2006) available at:\nhttp://www.unhcr.ba/protection/plip2005.htm\n\n9 See Charles B. Philpott, \u2018From the Right to Return to the Return of Rights: Completing Post-War Property Restitution in Bosnia Herzegovina,\u2019\n_International Journal of Refugee Law_ (2006), pp. 30-80.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "agriculture for their livelihood as well as remittances from relatives elsewhere in the country or abroad\nto supplement what are meagre pensions. Younger persons tend to prefer to remain in the urban\nareas of their displacement, where they have access to better economic opportunities.\n\nMany return areas also lack basic infrastructure, including roads and electrification. Rebuilding wardamaged infrastructure is a resource-intensive endeavour which, even in a country like BiH which\nbenefited from unprecedented levels of international reconstruction support, is a long-term\nendeavour. For example, only just this month, did a number of returnee communities literally come\nout of the darkness seven years after their return, with the flick of a switch finally restoring their access\nto electricity.\n\nAccess to public services, including health care and social security, is constrained by a lack of political\nwill to harmonize laws across the two Entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; and Republika\nSrpska) constituting Bosnia and Herzegovina) or to implement harmonized laws that do exist.\nCompounding this is a scarcity of health care facilities in rural areas. Moreover, throughout the\ncountry, effective social protection mechanisms do not exist to ensure that vulnerable persons are\ntaken care of.\n\nThe lack of access to unbiased education also is a major factor in families\u2019 decisions to return.\n\nWhile the security situation has improved markedly compared with the years immediately after the\nconflict, a strong perception of insecurity persists among minority returnees. The ongoing work of the\nInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the BiH Court War Crimes Unit in\naddressing impunity for war crimes and crimes against humanity is essential to making people feel\nsecure, especially in their areas of origin. Bringing to justice individuals identified as alleged war\ncriminals -- many of whom remain at large -- as opposed to applying collective guilt to entire\ncommunities for abuses carried out during the war also is critical for reconciliation and confidencebuilding between communities, where a lot of work still remains to be done.\n\nFinally, aside from the obstacles that actual and potential returnees continue to face in their area of\norigin, today, thirteen years after the war, there remain some 125,000 officially registered internally\ndisplaced persons, who lack a solution. Among these IDPs are many who are extremely vulnerable\nand unable to return (i.e. the physically or mentally challenged, those severely traumatized by the\nconflict, the chronically ill, elderly without any source of income or family support). Some 8,500 IDPs still\nlive in temporary collective accommodations, leading an insecure existence often in sub-standard\nconditions. These people have very much fallen through the cracks of the extensive international and\nnational efforts to support return and reconstruction; they urgently require support.\n\nLESSONS OBSERVED\n\n\nThe experience in BiH, and in other countries around the world, illuminates a number of critical factors\nfor securing durable solutions for displaced persons uprooted by conflict. The following conclusions\ncan be drawn:\n\n1. _**A political settlement to the conflict is a pre-requisite to making the right to safe and dignified return**_\n_**a durable reality.**_ Generally, a peace agreement needs to be in place prior to UNHCR supporting an\norganized return process. Even then, as the experience in BiH highlights, large-scale returns are not\nautomatic, but will take time as the security situation stabilizes [10] and practical obstacles, such as\nproperty disputes, are addressed. As noted earlier, it took about 4 years as well as concerted\ninternational and national efforts to achieve significant minority returns. At the same time, it must be\nrecognized that in some cases, although not BiH, displaced persons spontaneously may begin to\nreturn even in advance of a peace-agreement, especially when a cease-fire is in effect and\ngenerally has held for a considerable period of time. When spontaneous return occurs and these\nreturnees require support, their situation needs to be acknowledged and assessed, with accurate\ninformation on their numbers and conditions in order to ensure that their protection, assistance and\nreintegration needs are not neglected. Of course, any support provided to returnees would need to\nbe holistic, also addressing the needs of the broader community.\n\n\n10 In fact, in the period immediately following the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, new bursts of violence broke out in parts of the\ncountry, causing new displacement.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. _**Peace-building efforts need to integrate attention to the specific needs of displaced persons and**_\n_**returnees.**_ In BiH, the fact that the peace agreement included an Agreement on Refugees and\nDisplaced Persons (Annex VII), with specific obligations upon the parties and with UNHCR mandated\nto assist the implementation sent a strong signal that resolving the displacement crisis was a top\npriority. This also has been critical to mobilizing sustained national and international attention to the\nissue. Failure to tailor peace-building processes and peace agreements to target the specific needs\nof returnees and the communities receiving them risks reinforcing obstacles to sustainable return and\nreintegration. [11] Specific attention should be given to the differential protection and reintegration\nneeds of particular groups, including women and children. [12] And while resolving conflict-induced\ndisplacement is an important element of a peace agreement, solutions to displacement, in particular\nreturn, must not become a peace-enforcement factor or instrumentalized as a bargaining chip in the\npeace process. The right of displaced persons to a solution of their choosing -- whether return,\nintegration in the place of displacement, or resettlement in another part of the country \u2013 is key.\n\n3. _**Peace agreements are necessary but not sufficient to enable displaced persons to attain a durable**_\n_**solution; minimum conditions also need to be created on the ground.**_ Broadly speaking, three essential\nconditions must be in place: (i) security, including during and after return; (ii) property restitution or\ncompensation; and (iii) an environment that sustains return or resettlement, including returnees having\naccess without discrimination to basic public services, documentation and employment and incomegenerating opportunities. [13] Benchmarks for realizing these conditions have been identified to guide\nand support solutions-oriented efforts. [14] All three conditions are required and efforts to attain them are\nbest pursued in parallel. Experience shows that \u2018a phased approach focusing initially on security issues\nand with other activities relegated to a later phase risks creating a gap between the humanitarian\nphase and the reconstruction/development phase.\u2019 [15] Rather, a development perspective should be\nintegrated at the earliest possible stage of return and recovery. Security is paramount. In the GeorgiaAbkhazia conflict, a cautionary example came in May 1998 when armed hostilities re-ignited in the\nGali region and virtually all of the houses and communal facilities repaired or rebuilt with international\nassistance for spontaneous returnees were looted and burnt down, and some 40,000 residents were\nforced to flee again. Moreover, security and a roof over one\u2019s head is not enough. In BiH,\nimprovement in the overall security situation, the successful property restitution process and the largescale housing reconstruction efforts clearly have been significant enabling factors for return. Yet, these\nachievements still provide only a partial solution, which now needs to be complemented by a\nbroader range of economic, legal, and social protection measures to support the sustainability of\nreturn.\n\n4. _**Confidence-building at all levels is required to underpin solutions**_ **.** The process of conflict\ntransformation has many dimensions. What is clear is that the signing of a peace agreement alone is\nnot enough. [16] Confidence-building will be required on many levels, including not only between the\nparties, but also between returnees and the communities receiving them. In short, an entire network of\ntrust needs to be built. Confidence-building between communities is a particularly critical ingredient\nfor durable return; literally providing returnees the confidence for staying in the long-term.\nFundamentally important is a process for reconciliation and addressing injustices committed during\nthe conflict and for coming to terms with, and accounting for, any past injustices at the root of the\nconflict. In BiH, thirteen years after the signing of the peace agreement, there still is a long way to go\nbefore achieving reconciliation and real confidence between communities. In the aftermath of a\nbrutal conflict and \u201cethnic cleansing\u201d, the psychological wounds inevitably run deep and must be\nallowed time to heal. Expectations, as articulated in the Annex VII of the DPA, for the \u2018early\u2019 return\nwere therefore rather unrealistic. Timetables for return must be set, above all, by the will of the\n\n\n11 Walter Kaelin, \u2018Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons: An Essential Dimension of Peacebuilding,\u2019 Briefing Paper submitted by\nthe Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons to the Peacebuilding Commission,\nWorking Group on Lessons Learned, Meeting of 13 March 2008, p. 9. See also Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, _Addressing_\n_Internal Displacement in Peace Processes, Peace Agreements and Peace-Building_ (Washington, DC: Brookings-Bern Project on Internal\nDisplacement, September 2007).\n\n12 Erin Mooney, \u2018Protecting and Reintegrating Displaced Women and Children Post-Conflict,\u2019 in Muna Ndulo (ed.), _When the Wars End,_\n_(_ London: University College London Press, 2007).\n\n13 The authorities are, first and foremost, responsible for creating these conditions. See Principles 28-30 of the _Guiding Principles on Internal_\n_Displacement_, UN doc. E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2\n\n14 Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement \u2013 Georgetown University, _When Internal Displacement Ends \u2013 A Framework for Durable_\n_Solutions,_ Washington, DC: Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement (June 2007).\n\n15 Kaelin, p. 9.\n\n16 This, all the more so, in the case of BiH where the peace agreement created a situation, with the de facto partition of the country into\ntwo Entities, that gave confidence to each ethnic leader that they had their own place to control; as a consequence, there is little\nmotivation or sense of compelling need among the parties to reconcile.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "displaced themselves \u2013 in dialogue with the receiving community. Confidence-building between\ncommunities, however, can never begin too early; it may be possible even before a formal peace\nagreement is reached and indeed may help to propel, from the grassroots up, peace-making efforts.\nThe role of civil society and track 2 initiatives such as this meeting are critical.\n\n5. _**Securing durable solutions to displacement is, fundamentally, a humanitarian issue**_ _._ While resolving\ndisplacement is contingent upon a political settlement to the conflict, it is essential that displaced\npersons not be instrumentalized for political aims. This is especially a risk in situations where\ndisplacement was a deliberate war strategy and thus was politicized from the outset. The discussion of\nsolutions to displacement likewise risks being clouded, even driven, by political objectives, e.g. if an\noverwhelming emphasis on returns is linked to questions of political status of disputed territory. Durable\nsolutions for displaced persons must be framed and maintained as strictly a humanitarian issue.\n\n6. _**Supporting the right to return must not preclude alternative solutions for those who so require.**_ The\nRepresentative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of IDPs points out that unless\ndisplacement has lasted for a very long period, many IDPs in post-conflict situations often prefer the\nsolution of return. [17] Any return must take place voluntarily based on an informed decision by the\npersons concerned without coercion of any kind. Moreover, for return to be considered a viable\noption there is also a need for security, property restitution or reconstruction, and conditions\nconducive to sustainable return. At the same time, it must be recognized that even when there is\nlasting peace and conditions have been put in place for sustainable return, not all displaced persons\nwill be able or ready to return. IDPs, like all other citizens or habitual residents of their country, enjoy the\nrights to liberty of movement and to choice of residence, and thus are entitled to choose whether to\nreturn to the place of origin, to integrate locally where they were displaced, or to resettle in another\npart of the country.\n\nIn BiH today, thirteen years after the peace agreement was signed, there remain some 125,000\nregistered IDPs \u2013 or just over ten percent of the 1 million internally displaced by the conflict. Some of\nthese IDPs indicate that they still plan to return, provided that the conditions for sustainable return are\nput in place. Also among these IDPs, however, are many significant numbers of elderly persons\nwithout any family support, the chronically ill, and highly traumatized persons. For many of these\nextremely vulnerable persons, after upwards of 16 years of living as an IDP, a focus only on return is not\nrealistic. Moreover, addressing the needs of these most vulnerable IDPs requires efforts that go far\nbeyond displacement-specific strategies. Effective social protection policies, including social housing,\npsycho-social support, and geriatric care, are needed to address the needs of _all_ vulnerable persons\nin the country. Solutions for IDPs therefore also mean finding solutions for other groups of vulnerable\npersons, with often overlapping concerns.\n\n7. _**Securing durable solutions requires sustained national and international commitment.**_ In the thirteen\nyears since the conflict in BiH ended, the overwhelming majority of the 2.2 million people displaced\nhave found a solution, including some 1 million refugees and displaced persons who exercised their\nright to return. This has been possible only as a result of sustained and concerted national and\ninternational efforts. At this stage, BiH is therefore nearing the tail-end of the process of resolving\ndisplacement. The focus of efforts now needs to be on enhancing conditions for sustainable return\nand addressing the situation of the extremely vulnerable people who cannot or choose not to return\nand who require support. To adjust to these current realities, the Government, in partnership with\nUNHCR and the broader international community currently is revising the strategy for the\nimplementation of Annex VII of the Dayton Peace Agreement. [18] The experience in BiH underscores\nthat securing solutions for _all_ displaced persons is a complex and often lengthy process, requiring a\nrights-based approach that also is tailored to the differentiated preferences, capacities and\nvulnerabilities of displaced persons and displacement-affected communities. Sustained and\nconcerted national and international efforts, political will, and resource mobilization then are required\nto reinforce these efforts to secure durable solutions to displacement and, thus, lasting peace.\n\n\n17 Ibid., p. 2.\n\n18 To give an indication of the areas where there is still work to be done in the implementation of Annex VII of the DPA, in the process\nunderway of revising the Annex VII implementation strategy, working groups were established to address the following ten issues: 1)\nReconstruction, Closing of Collective Centres, and Social Housing, 2) Property Repossession, 3) Electrification, 4) Infrastructure, 5) Health, 6)\nSocial Protection, 7) Education, 8) Labour and Employment, 9) Security and De-mining and 10) Compensation.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d95c90da-d588-3d6f-9cdc-adea2e95371c/F366DC606FCCA55F852574B0005812CC-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_384/raw/doc_384_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_384/raw/doc_384_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 60cf3c7dadf06b0936cb3eee7edbd5852448028f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_384/raw/doc_384_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1853 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN** **INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES** **FIRST HALF 2008**\n\n**Statistical Overview of Asylum Applications Lodged**\n**in 38 European and 6 Non-European Countries**\n\n17 OCTOBER 2008\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n## I. Introduction [1]\n\n\nThis report summarizes the main levels and developments in the number of individual asylum\nclaims submitted in Europe and selected non-European countries during the first six months of\n2008. It covers the 38 European and 6 non-European States that currently provide monthly\nasylum statistics to UNHCR. The numbers in this report reflect applications made at the first\ninstance of asylum procedures. Applications at appeal instance are not included. This report does\nnot include information on the outcome of asylum claims or on the admission of refugees\nthrough resettlement programmes, which is available in other UNHCR reports. [2]\n\nThe group of countries included in this report is collectively referred to as the **\u201c44 industrialized**\n**countries** \u201d and has been defined for the purpose of this report only. The 44 countries are: 27\nMember States of the European Union and Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Iceland,\nLiechtenstein, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia and Turkey, as well as Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of\nKorea and the United States of America.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s data collection of monthly asylum statistics has expanded in the course of 2007 with\nAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia [3], the Republic of Korea, Turkey and The\nformer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia being included. In view of the introduction of\nimproved statistical reporting systems, Italy has been added in 2008, making it the 44 [th] country\nto participate in UNHCR\u2019s asylum data monitoring system. In order to ensure comparability over\ntime, UNHCR\u2019s database has been updated retroactively by incorporating monthly asylum\nstatistics for the first six new countries since at least 2005. Monthly data for Italy, however, is\navailable only from 2008. As a result of this expansion, previous UNHCR reports analysing\nmonthly asylum trends may differ from the current one in terms of scope and data availability,\nand are thus not necessarily comparable.\n\nTo the extent possible, the statistics presented in this document reflect the number of asylumseekers lodging an application for the first time. However, it appears that a significant number of\ncountries included in this report cannot distinguish new asylum applications from reopened or\nrepeat claims in their statistical systems. As a consequence, some of the numbers reported to\nUNHCR are likely to include repeat applications, and therefore do not necessarily reflect the\nactual number of new asylum-seekers. Moreover, although asylum-seekers are counted only\nonce in each country, the regional numbers are proportionately higher because some individuals\nseek asylum in more than one country.\n\nThe data in this report is based on information available as at 9 October 2008, unless otherwise\nindicated. **All figures based on monthly statistics should be considered as provisional and**\n**subject to change.** Due to retroactive changes and adjustments, some of the data included in this\npublication may differ slightly from those reported in previous UNHCR documents, or from the\nofficial annual figures published by States. This is the case, for instance, for Germany (see the\nnotes in Table 1 for more information).\n\nAll of the data in this document refer to the number of individuals, with the exception of the\nUnited States of America and Belgium. Only the number of cases (which can include several\n\n\n1 This report has been prepared by the Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS), Division of Operational\nServices at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva. Any questions concerning this document should be addressed to FICSS at\nstats@unhcr.org. For other UNHCR statistics, visit UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database at\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase.\n2 See UNHCR\u2019s _2007 Global Trends_ report (issued June 2008).\n3 The monthly asylum data for Serbia excludes Kosovo.\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly\nasylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.8239156007766724, - "start": 65, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7295989394187927, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9489924311637878, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5810781717300415, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.688900887966156, - "start": 238, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9883661866188049, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "first six new countries", - "confidence": 0.617115318775177, - "start": 338, - "end": 342 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.8554219603538513, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum data monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.6955309510231018, - "start": 310, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9187707901000977, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "first six new countries", - "confidence": 0.5446138978004456, - "start": 338, - "end": 342 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.7489179968833923, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.8530316352844238, - "start": 410, - "end": 411 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly statistics", - "confidence": 0.9378195405006409, - "start": 534, - "end": 536 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5729500651359558, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Germany", - "confidence": 0.561675488948822, - "start": 597, - "end": 598 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8284283876419067, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6658027768135071, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical Online Population Database", - "confidence": 0.5684509873390198, - "start": 696, - "end": 700 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5804193615913391, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6085525155067444, - "start": 689, - "end": 690 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nindividuals) is available for applications submitted to the Department of Homeland Security\n(DHS). UNHCR has therefore multiplied the total number of asylum cases by a factor of 1.4 to\nestimate the number of individuals, as historical data suggest that, on average, one case equals\n1.4 individuals. Applications submitted to the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR),\nhowever, are recorded as individuals. Owing to the large variation in family size by nationality,\nthe analysis by country of origin in the United States of America is based on a combination of\nthe number of cases (DHS) and the number of individuals (EOIR). In the case of Belgium,\naccompanying dependents are not included in the figures.\n\n## II. Overview of regional trends [4]\n\nMonthly asylum statistics for Italy are available only from January 2008. This poses difficulties\nwhen analysing trends in the 44 industrialized countries over time. As a consequence, all asylum\ntrends provided in this section exclude Italy. The latter is, however, included when data for 2008\nonly is referred to.\n\nThe number of asylum claims submitted in industrialized countries in 2007 rose by 9 per cent\ncompared to 2006. This upward trend has continued during the first half of 2008 with data\nshowing an increase of 3 per cent compared to the first half of 2007. Overall, an estimated\n165,100 asylum claims were submitted in the 44 industrialized countries during the first half of\n2008.\n\nAn analysis of semester trends of monthly asylum data available to UNHCR (1999-2008) shows\na relatively clear seasonal pattern. Every year, with the exception of 2004, the number of asylum\napplications submitted during the first semester was lower than during the second semester.\nAssuming that current patterns remain unchanged, it may be expected that the number of asylum\nclaims lodged in the 44 industrialized countries during the whole of 2008 could be between\n330,000 and 360,000. In other words, the number of asylum claims lodged during 2008 might go\nup by some 10 per cent, when compared to 2007.\n\nIn the 38 **European** countries **Asylum claims lodged in selected regions by semester**\nincluded in this report, close to\n\n|1st 2006* 2nd 2006* 1st 2007* 2nd 2007* 1st 2008*|1st 2008**|\n|---|---|\n|Europe
99,300

111,400

111,500

122,300

112,800

- EU-total
89,800

99,500

99,700

108,200

96,300

- EU-old
81,000

88,600

90,200

92,300

86,700

- EU-new
8,700

11,000

9,500

15,900

9,700

USA/Canada
36,300

38,500

38,400

39,500

42,200

Japan/ Rep. of
Korea
620

610

690

840

840

Australia/ New
Zealand
1,900

1,900

2,100

2,200

2,100
|120,000

103,500

93,900

9,700

42,200

840

2,100
|\n|Total
138,120

152,410

152,690

164,840

157,940
|165,140
|\n\n\n\nregistered 103,500 new asylum _* All figures exclude Italy. ** All figures include Italy._\n\nSee notes in Table 1 for list of countries included.\n\napplications during the first six\nmonths of 2008. Excluding Italy, where no pre-2008 monthly data is available, the EU-26\nrecorded more than 96,300 new claims during the first semester of 2008, 11 per cent less than\nduring the second half of 2007, and 3 per cent less compared to the first half of 2007.\n\nWith 6,600 asylum claims registered during the first half of 2008, countries in **Central Europe**\nwitnessed a 12 per cent increase compared to the corresponding period of 2007. The 2008 figure,\nhowever, was 43 per cent below the one registered during the second half of 2007.\n\n\n\n**Asylum claims lodged in selected regions by semester**\n\n\n\n\n_* All figures exclude Italy. ** All figures include Italy._\nSee notes in Table 1 for list of countries included.\n\n\n\n4 See notes in Table 1 for a list of countries included under each regional grouping.\n\n\n_**3**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\n**Southern Europe** experienced a significant decrease in asylum applications in the first six\nmonths of 2008 compared to the last half of 2007 (-10%), and in particular compared to the\ncorresponding period of 2007 (-20%). [5] This decrease, however, was not uniform across the\nregion. In Malta, for instance, the number of asylum claims lodged during the first six months of\nthe year in fact tripled compared to the first half of 2007 while in Turkey they went up by 50 per\ncent. It is important to note that the 2007 figures in Southern Europe were exceptionally high\nbecause of, among others, new arrivals, particularly from Iraq. Overall, Southern Europe\nreceived 27,800 asylum applications during the first semester of 2008.\n\nSimilar to Southern Europe, the **Nordic region** accounted for a decrease in new asylum claims,\nalbeit at a lower level. Here, a total of 19,700 persons applied for refugee status between January\nand June 2008, a striking 19 per cent decrease compared to the last half of 2007 and 9 per cent\nless compared to the first six months of 2007 ( _see Table 1_ ). This decrease has been caused\nprimarily by fewer individuals applying for asylum in Sweden. This is in stark contrast to the\nother Nordic countries which witnessed either increases or remained stable. Indeed, Norway\nrecorded 5,400 applications between January and June 2008, the highest level in one semester\nsince the second half of 2003 (10,000).\n\nThe number of asylum claims submitted in **North America** during the first six months of 2008\n(42,200) increased by 10 and 7 per cent respectively, compared to the first (38,400) and second\n(39,500) semesters of 2007, primarily as a result of more individuals requesting refugee status in\nthe United States of America. The number of asylum-seekers in **Australia** remained stable\nduring the first half of 2008 (2,000 claims), compared to both semesters of 2007. In **Japan**, 670\nindividuals requested refugee status during the first half of 2008: this was the highest level per\nsemester on record since Japan was included in UNHCR\u2019s asylum monitoring system, [6] up from\n370 applications in the corresponding period last year.\n\n## **III. Countries of asylum**\n\nThe **United States of America** has\nbeen the by far largest single recipient\nof new asylum claims during the first\n\napplication, some 2,900 more than\n\nbut 1,600 less than during the first\n\nAmerica received 15 per cent of all\n\nthis report. Its annual share in the\nnumber of new asylum claims\nreceived among the group of industrialized countries remained fairly stable in recent years,\nranging between 16 and 19 per cent.\n\n**Canada** ranked second among the 44 industrialized countries, with 16,800 new applications\nregistered during the first half of 2008. This means that on average every tenth application in the\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Figures exclude Italy.\n6 Monthly asylum data for Japan is available from 2002.\n\n\n\n_**4**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.644717276096344, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8950586915016174, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7685819268226624, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 1_", - "confidence": 0.5371053218841553, - "start": 239, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5714049339294434, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.625583291053772, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5455410480499268, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "6 Monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.9041673541069031, - "start": 601, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Japan", - "confidence": 0.999871015548706, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.9999079704284668, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\nindustrialized world was received by Canada. The figure has remained fairly stable compared to\nthe second semester of 2007 (17,000 claims), but was 48 per cent higher than during the first half\nof 2007 (11,400). Indeed, the last two semesters were the highest levels witnessed since the\nsecond half of 2003.\n\n**Trends in asylum claims lodged in 44 industrialized countries:**\n\n\n\n**France** has been the leading asylum-seeker receiving country among the group of industrialized\ncountries for much of 2003, 2004 and 2005. While figures have decreased sharply ever since, at\ntimes by even more than 50 per cent, the latest statistics indicate that the trend is reversing once\nagain. The 15,600 claims submitted between January and June 2008 constituted an increase of 6\nper cent compared to the corresponding period of 2007 (14,700), and an 8 per cent increase\ncompared to the second half of 2007 (14,500). Much of the recent development can be attributed\nto asylum-seekers from Mali who lodged more than 1,600 asylum claims between January and\nJune 2008, compared to a total of 610 during the whole of 2007. France was thus the third largest\nrecipient of asylum-seekers among the industrialized\n\nThe **United Kingdom** ranked forth among the 44\n\nhalf of 2007 (12,700). These figures are, however, far\nbelow those of the peak year of 2002 when some 103,000\nindividuals requested refugee status in the United\nKingdom.\n\nFollowing a significant decrease in the number of people, particularly Iraqis, requesting refugee\nstatus in the country, **Sweden** dropped from the second to the fifth largest recipient of new\nasylum-seekers during the first semester of 2008. A total of 12,300 people lodged an asylum\napplication during this period, a 34 per cent decrease compared to the 18,600 claims which had\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**5**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nbeen lodged during the second semester of 2007. Sweden was followed by **Germany** (10,700\nclaims during January-June 2008), **Greece** (10,200), **Italy** (7,200), and **Switzerland** (5,900).\n\n## **IV. Origin of asylum-seekers**\n\n**Iraq** remained the leading country of origin of asylum applicants during the first six months of\n2008. Despite fewer of its citizens lodging asylum claims in the 44 industrialized countries, the\nnumber of Iraqi claims was twice higher than of those submitted by asylum-seekers originating\nfrom the **Russian Federation**, the second most important source country **.** Other important\nsource countries of asylum-seekers are **China**, **Somalia**, **Pakistan**, **Afghanistan**, and **Serbia** .\n\n\n**Main countries of origin of asylum-** Iraq again became the main country of\n**seekers, January-June 2008** origin of asylum-seekers in industrialized\n19,500\n\ncountries in 2006, after having been the\nmain source country previously in 2000 and\n2002. This trend has continued into 2007\n\n\n6,300 6,300 6,200\n5,200 4,800 4,600 were lodged in the 44 industrialized\n\ncountries. During the first half of 2008,\nIraqis lodged 19,500 asylum claims or 12\n\nIRQ RUS CHI SOM PAK AFG SRB MEX NIG IRN per cent of all applications in the 44\n\nindustrialized countries. [7] This constitutes a\nsignificant decrease compared to 2007: 18 per cent compared to the last six months of 2007\n(23,500; excluding Italy) and almost 10 per cent compared to the first half of 2007 (21,400;\nexcluding Italy).\n\nThe decrease in Iraqi claims was particularly significant between April and June of 2008 when\n8,800 Iraqis applied for asylum in the 44 industrialized countries, the lowest quarterly level since\nthe fourth quarter of 2006. During the first six months of 2008, Iraqis lodged asylum applications\nin 36 out of the 44 industrialized countries covered by this report. One in five of the 19,500 Iraqi\napplications were submitted in **Sweden** (3,900), the latter having attracted the highest number of\nIraqi asylum-seekers for some time.\n**Germany** registered 3,400 Iraqi asylum\n\nnot one of \u201carmed conflict\u201d led to a\nsignificant fall in recognition rates and a\nshift in flows. [8] Arrivals in Sweden thus\ndropped but rose in Germany, the\nNetherlands and Norway.\n\n**Greece** recorded some 1,200 Iraqi claims between January and June 2008, as compared to 3,500\nduring the same period of 2007, while the **Netherlands** and **Turkey** [9] recorded 2,400 and 2,700\nIraqi applications respectively during the first semester of 2008.\n\n7 Some 285 Iraqi asylum claims were submitted in Italy during the first six months of 2008 compared to 190 in 2007. Given the\nrelatively low number of Iraqi claims in Italy, the trend remains unchanged.\n8 Swedish Migration Court of Appeal, caseno. UN23-06, 26 February 2007.\n9 Refers to asylum applications submitted to UNHCR.\n\n\n\n**Main countries of origin of asylum-**\n**seekers, January-June 2008**\n19,500\n\n\n\n9,400 8,700\n7,400\n6,300 6,300 6,200\n5,200 4,800 4,600\n\n\n\nIRQ RUS CHI SOM PAK AFG SRB MEX NIG IRN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**6**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nSimilar to the second semester of 2007, asylum-seekers originating from the **Russian**\n**Federation** were the second largest group, with 9,400 new claims recorded during the first six\nmonths of 2008, thus accounting for 6 per cent of all asylum claims in the 44 industrialized\ncountries. The first half of 2008, however, witnessed a 23 per cent drop in the number of Russian\nasylum claims compared to the second half of 2007(12,200 claims). [10] This significant decrease\ncan be attributed primarily to Poland, the main destination for Russian asylum-seekers in 2007\nand 2008. Indeed, the Polish authorities registered about half the number of Russian claims\nbetween January and June 2008 (2,800) as compared to the period from June to December 2007\n(5,400).\n\nThe number of new asylum applications submitted by citizens from **China** has remained fairly\nstable. Some 8,700 Chinese asylum-seekers were registered in the first half of 2008, virtually the\nsame number as in the preceding two semesters (8,600 each). Since 2002, however, the number\nof Chinese nationals requesting asylum in the 44 industrialized countries has declined by one\nthird, and in 2007 reached its lowest level in a decade.\n\nWhile the top three source countries of\n\nstable trend, the number of **Somali** asylum\n\nduring the first half of 2008, reflecting the\ndeteriorating situation in the country.\n\nseekers were registered in the 44\n\nand June 2008. This figure compares to the\n5,000 Somali claims in the first half, and\n6,600 in the second half of 2007. Both figures, however, exclude data for Italy where no monthly\nasylum statistics are available. [11] The 7,400 Somali asylum applications submitted in the first\nsemester of 2008 are the highest level on record since the second semester of 2003 (9,300\nasylum claims, excluding Italy), making it the fourth largest source country of asylum-seekers\namong the 44 industrialized countries.\n\nWith more than 6,300 asylum claims lodged by its citizens during the first semester of 2008,\n**Pakistan** became the fifth most important source country of asylum-seekers, after having been\nthird only one year ago. This drop comes mainly as a result of fewer Pakistani citizens applying\nfor asylum in Greece (-19%).\n\nAs for Somalis, the number of **Afghan** citizens requesting refugee status in the industrialized\nworld continues to increase. With close to 6,300 new applications recorded during the first six\nmonths of 2008, Afghanistan is now the sixth most important source country of asylum-seekers.\nExcluding the 700 Afghan asylum claims lodged in Italy between January and June 2008, the\nincrease amounted to 22 per cent compared to the corresponding period of 2007, and to 42 per\ncent since the corresponding period of 2006.\n\nOther important source countries of asylum-seekers in the 44 industrialized countries during the\nfirst half of 2008 were **Serbia** (6,200 claims), **Mexico** (5,200), **Nigeria** (4,800), the **Islamic**\n**Republic of Iran** and **Sri Lanka** (4,600 each).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 Italy registered 36 Russian asylum claims in 2007. Given the low number, the trend remains unchanged.\n11 Italy registered 760 Somali asylum claims during 2007.\n\n\n_**7**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\nExcluding Italy due to the unavailability of comparable data, applications by half of the 40 main\nasylum-seeker nationalities increased during the first six months of 2008 as compared to the last\nsix months of 2007. Among the major source countries of asylum-seekers, significant increases\nwere registered by asylum applicants from **Mali** (+174%), **Zimbabwe** (+29%), **Myanmar**\n(+23%), **Afghanistan** (+16%), **Sri Lanka** (+14%), **C\u00f4te d'Ivoire** (+14%), **Georgia** (+13%), and\nthe **Democratic Republic of the Congo** (+12%). Conversely, among countries of origin whose\nnationals lodged 1,000 or more asylum claims during the first semester of 2008, major decreases\nwere recorded among asylum applicants originating from **Colombia** (-32%), the **Russian**\n**Federation** (-23%), **Serbia** (-19%), **Iraq** (-18%), **Pakistan** and **Eritrea** (-12% each).\n\nThe distribution of asylum-seekers in industrialized countries as described above reflects general\ntrends. However, these figures hide the fact that certain nationalities tend to cluster in a limited\nnumber of countries. For instance, virtually all applications lodged by **Mexican** nationals during\nthe first half of 2008 were submitted in Canada (72%) or the United States of America (28%), a\nphenomenon which has been observed for some years now. More than half of all **Chinese**\nasylum applications (57%) lodged during the first semester of 2008 were submitted in the United\nStates of America alone, and more than half of the 6,300 asylum applications from individuals\noriginating from **Pakistan** were lodged in Greece (56%).\n\nOn average, 6 out of 10 **Iraqi** asylum claims were lodged in four countries: Sweden (20%),\nGermany (18%), Turkey (14%), and the Netherlands (12%). The same proportion can be\nobserved for the 6,500 asylum applicants from the **Russian Federation** who were registered\nmainly in Poland (30%), France (18%), and Austria (16%). **Somali** asylum requests, on the other\nhand, were concentrated in four countries, namely Sweden (23%), the Netherlands (19%), the\nUnited Kingdom (12%), and Italy (10%). More than half of the 6,300 **Afghan** asylum claims\nwere lodged in the United Kingdom (26%), Greece (16%), and Italy (11%).\n\n\n_**8**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.7769303321838379, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5116982460021973, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seeker nationalities", - "confidence": 0.6317974328994751, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Albania|5
|7
|4
|5
|12
|11
|3
|2
|5
|2
|92%|-70%|-42%|40%|\n|Australia|816
|912
|926
|854
|912
|1,039
|1,022
|998
|940
|1,024
|13%|1%|14%|-3%|\n|Austria|3,399
|2,937
|3,355
|3,658
|3,064
|2,645
|2,948
|3,264
|2,815
|2,533
|-10%|-6%|-16%|-14%|\n|Belgium|2,960
|2,558
|2,696
|3,373
|2,802
|2,728
|2,565
|3,020
|2,941
|2,777
|0%|3%|4%|2%|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|28
|9
|18
|13
|5
|454
|55
|58
|52
|16
|1141%|-85%|84%|-40%|\n|Bulgaria|171
|151
|85
|160
|231
|209
|232
|303
|236
|181
|37%|-5%|30%|-22%|\n|Canada|5,288
|4,794
|6,601
|6,224
|5,890
|5,490
|7,587
|9,375
|8,408
|8,411
|13%|48%|67%|-1%|\n|Croatia|37
|20
|18
|19
|31
|35
|51
|78
|38
|30
|16%|3%|19%|-47%|\n|Cyprus|1,182
|904
|960
|1,499
|1,651
|1,649
|1,381
|2,108
|1,117
|896
|58%|-39%|-3%|-42%|\n|Czech Rep.|760
|750
|911
|595
|464
|382
|471
|561
|582
|349
|-44%|10%|-38%|-10%|\n|Denmark|566
|388
|454
|512
|603
|376
|407
|486
|542
|454
|3%|2%|4%|12%|\n|Estonia|2
|1
|1
|9
|1
|5
|1
|2
|3
|3
|100%|0%|100%|100%|\n|Finland|568
|537
|652
|531
|308
|296
|451
|379
|386
|606
|-45%|64%|-10%|20%|\n|France|9,300
|7,147
|6,672
|7,566
|7,656
|7,037
|6,774
|7,691
|7,649
|7,981
|-11%|6%|-5%|8%|\n|Germany|5,888
|4,698
|4,920
|5,107
|4,430
|3,791
|5,172
|5,140
|5,760
|4,965
|-22%|30%|1%|4%|\n|Greece|1,536
|1,895
|1,982
|6,854
|7,446
|7,148
|5,456
|5,063
|4,916
|5,248
|325%|-30%|196%|-3%|\n|Hungary|434
|565
|612
|498
|509
|696
|770
|1,444
|709
|517
|21%|2%|23%|-45%|\n|Iceland|7
|9
|8
|14
|10
|7
|17
|8
|13
|19
|6%|88%|100%|28%|\n|Ireland|1,156
|972
|1,067
|1,119
|1,065
|911
|970
|1,039
|924
|929
|-7%|-6%|-13%|-8%|\n|Italy|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|3,037
|4,180
|..|..|..|..|\n|Japan|238
|285
|260
|171
|163
|206
|201
|246
|307
|364
|-29%|82%|28%|50%|\n|Latvia|4
|-
|1
|3
|4
|9
|19
|2
|4
|5
|225%|-31%|125%|-57%|\n|Liechtenstein|7
|24
|11
|5
|4
|10
|10
|8
|10
|6
|-55%|14%|-48%|-11%|\n|Lithuania|24
|26
|55
|56
|47
|21
|15
|33
|33
|33
|36%|-3%|32%|38%|\n|Luxembourg|98
|103
|171
|152
|101
|97
|124
|104
|99
|99
|-1%|0%|-1%|-13%|\n|Malta|291
|369
|302
|310
|257
|140
|405
|577
|478
|623
|-40%|177%|67%|12%|\n|Montenegro|-
|-
|5
|12
|2
|-
|-
|-
|3
|2
|..|150%|..|..|\n|Netherlands|5,171
|3,839
|2,962
|2,493
|1,660
|1,373
|1,845
|2,224
|2,656
|3,109
|-66%|90%|-36%|42%|\n|New Zealand|78
|69
|76
|53
|67
|48
|60
|73
|71
|63
|-22%|17%|-9%|1%|\n|Norway|1,310
|1,075
|1,516
|1,419
|1,215
|1,233
|1,927
|2,153
|2,479
|2,924
|3%|121%|127%|32%|\n|Poland|801
|871
|1,354
|1,197
|717
|659
|1,526
|4,214
|1,503
|1,507
|-18%|119%|80%|-48%|\n|Portugal|41
|15
|44
|28
|67
|76
|37
|41
|31
|62
|155%|-35%|66%|19%|\n|Rep. of Korea|42
|53
|79
|104
|167
|154
|122
|274
|102
|70
|238%|-46%|81%|-57%|\n|Romania|81
|95
|78
|124
|87
|115
|278
|179
|189
|169
|15%|77%|103%|-22%|\n|Serbia|3
|7
|22
|12
|6
|6
|22
|30
|25
|7
|20%|167%|220%|-38%|\n|Slovakia|379
|641
|898
|953
|670
|822
|769
|382
|172
|247
|46%|-72%|-59%|-64%|\n|Slovenia|97
|111
|198
|112
|62
|121
|140
|104
|42
|72
|-12%|-38%|-45%|-53%|\n|Spain|1,153
|1,351
|1,194
|1,609
|2,333
|1,849
|1,440
|1,841
|1,150
|1,211
|67%|-44%|-6%|-28%|\n|Sweden|5,013
|3,846
|6,620
|8,842
|9,228
|8,393
|9,423
|9,163
|7,047
|5,220
|99%|-30%|38%|-34%|\n|Switzerland|2,616
|2,497
|2,862
|3,198
|3,142
|2,450
|2,408
|2,844
|2,786
|3,159
|9%|6%|16%|13%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|7
|4
|7
|4
|4
|10
|7
|12
|7
|6
|27%|-7%|18%|-32%|\n|Turkey|796
|1,052
|1,427
|1,273
|1,202
|2,019
|2,476
|1,945
|2,210
|2,629
|74%|50%|162%|9%|\n|United Kingdom|7,530
|6,380
|7,105
|6,835
|6,750
|5,920
|7,090
|8,140
|7,705
|6,840
|-9%|15%|5%|-4%|\n|United States (EOIR)|4,367
|4,562
|3,990
|4,261
|4,142
|3,683
|2,731
|3,448
|3,338
|3,753
|-12%|-9%|-21%|15%|\n|United States (DHS)|8,532
|8,786
|8,637
|8,746
|9,344
|9,842
|8,021
|8,308
|9,002
|9,286
|11%|-5%|6%|12%|\n|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|\n|EU-old (14)|44,379
|36,666
|39,894
|48,679
|47,513
|42,640
|44,702
|47,595
|44,621
|42,034
|11%|-4%|7%|-6%|\n|EU-new (12)|4,226
|4,484
|5,455
|5,516
|4,700
|4,828
|6,007
|9,909
|5,068
|4,602
|9%|1%|11%|-39%|\n|EU-total (26)|48,605
|41,150
|45,349
|54,195
|52,213
|47,468
|50,709
|57,504
|49,689
|46,636
|11%|-3%|7%|-11%|\n|Nordic region (5)|7,464
|5,855
|9,250
|11,318
|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,467
|9,223
|63%|-9%|48%|-19%|\n|Western Europe (18)|48,319
|40,271
|44,291
|53,315
|51,884
|46,340
|49,064
|52,608
|49,909
|48,142
|11%|0%|11%|-4%|\n|Central Europe (11)|2,790
|3,231
|4,211
|3,726
|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,511
|3,113
|-2%|12%|10%|-43%|\n|Southern Europe (7)|5,004
|5,593
|5,913
|11,578
|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|9,907
|10,671
|144%|-20%|94%|-10%|\n|Europe (37)|53,421
|45,854
|51,247
|60,169
|57,846
|53,703
|57,685
|64,642
|57,317
|55,436
|12%|1%|14%|-8%|\n|Non-Europe (6)|19,361
|19,461
|20,569
|20,413
|20,685
|20,462
|19,744
|22,722
|22,168
|22,971
|6%|10%|16%|6%|\n|North America (2)|18,187
|18,142
|19,228
|19,231
|19,376
|19,015
|18,339
|21,131
|20,748
|21,450
|6%|10%|16%|7%|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|894
|981
|1,002
|907
|979
|1,087
|1,082
|1,071
|1,011
|1,087
|10%|2%|12%|-3%|\n|**Total (43)**|**72,782**
|**65,315**
|**71,816**
|**80,582**
|**78,531**
|**74,165**
|**77,429**
|**87,364**
|**79,485**
|**78,407**
|**11%**|**3%**|**14%**|**-4%**|\n|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|\n|EU-old (15)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|47,658
|46,214
|..|..|..|..|\n|EU-total (27)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|52,726
|50,816
|..|..|..|..|\n|Western Europe (19)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|52,946
|52,322
|..|..|..|..|\n|Southern Europe (8)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|12,944
|14,851
|..|..|..|..|\n|Europe (38)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|60,354
|59,616
|..|..|..|..|\n|**Total (44)**|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|**82,522**
|**82,587**
|..|..|..|..|\n|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|\n\n\n\n_**9**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n_**10**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,862
|3,900
|5,785
|8,389
|10,732
|10,695
|11,742
|11,743
|10,556
|8,627
|145%|-10%|119%|-18%|10,665

4,100

5,174

3,460

3,191

3,058

3,339

2,514

2,299

2,400

2,262

1,773

2,114

1,974

1,299

1,162

947

1,257

637

1,009

1,163

1,216

951

788

870

729

783

625

575

872

555

519

508

433

514

445

580

458

235

478

12,021
|8,803

4,565

4,196

3,961

3,143

3,207

2,893

2,679

2,292

2,209

2,554

1,875

1,930

1,596

1,304

1,298

1,229

1,216

1,213

1,195

1,167

1,392

1,025

928

863

748

683

623

604

847

634

551

545

460

456

450

406

387

382

381

12,021
|\n|China|4,588
|4,442
|4,789
|4,583
|4,430
|4,194
|4,091
|4,476
|4,089
|4,548
|-4%|0%|-4%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Russian Federation|3,524
|3,491
|4,433
|4,274
|3,323
|3,273
|4,228
|7,945
|5,174
|4,192
|-6%|42%|34%|-23%|-23%|-23%|\n|Somalia|1,882
|1,755
|2,257
|2,187
|2,577
|2,413
|3,247
|3,342
|3,337
|3,307
|37%|33%|83%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Pakistan|1,490
|1,480
|1,683
|2,968
|4,004
|3,366
|3,916
|2,984
|3,085
|3,013
|148%|-17%|105%|-12%|-12%|-12%|\n|Afghanistan|2,002
|1,921
|1,954
|2,795
|2,283
|2,265
|2,185
|2,597
|2,774
|2,791
|16%|22%|42%|16%|16%|16%|\n|Serbia*|4,550
|3,515
|3,735
|4,010
|3,936
|3,728
|3,774
|3,525
|3,198
|2,719
|-5%|-23%|-27%|-19%|-19%|-19%|\n|Mexico|1,281
|1,524
|1,980
|1,975
|2,112
|2,318
|2,565
|2,565
|2,514
|2,679
|58%|17%|85%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,395
|1,252
|1,337
|1,793
|1,875
|1,746
|1,941
|2,005
|2,239
|2,253
|37%|24%|70%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|2,513
|2,392
|2,783
|2,961
|1,996
|1,809
|2,273
|2,555
|2,375
|2,194
|-22%|20%|-7%|-5%|-5%|-5%|\n|Nigeria|1,798
|1,430
|1,445
|1,723
|1,634
|1,467
|1,688
|1,894
|1,881
|1,972
|-4%|24%|19%|8%|8%|8%|\n|Haiti|2,361
|1,944
|1,462
|1,274
|1,540
|1,418
|1,773
|1,910
|1,773
|1,875
|-31%|23%|-15%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Eritrea|1,449
|1,174
|1,637
|2,122
|1,660
|1,060
|1,758
|2,422
|1,841
|1,858
|4%|36%|41%|-12%|-12%|-12%|\n|Turkey|2,545
|2,051
|1,965
|2,154
|1,889
|1,642
|1,495
|1,804
|1,859
|1,534
|-23%|-4%|-26%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Colombia|1,174
|1,619
|1,382
|1,972
|1,177
|1,602
|1,430
|2,359
|1,295
|1,297
|-1%|-7%|-7%|-32%|-32%|-32%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|894
|854
|884
|1,119
|1,443
|1,429
|1,120
|1,528
|1,153
|1,290
|64%|-15%|40%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Georgia|937
|850
|969
|893
|830
|1,299
|954
|963
|943
|1,224
|19%|2%|21%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,784
|1,374
|1,245
|1,255
|1,293
|1,277
|1,053
|1,149
|1,254
|1,206
|-19%|-4%|-22%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Mali|148
|109
|122
|122
|168
|235
|267
|392
|618
|1,189
|57%|348%|603%|174%|174%|174%|\n|India|1,335
|1,400
|1,257
|1,392
|1,403
|1,284
|1,217
|1,061
|996
|1,188
|-2%|-19%|-20%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,344
|689
|566
|474
|590
|646
|786
|1,021
|1,161
|1,167
|-39%|88%|15%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Bangladesh|1,028
|978
|1,073
|3,364
|2,448
|1,263
|927
|1,101
|1,075
|1,072
|85%|-42%|7%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Armenia|1,443
|981
|878
|881
|949
|893
|967
|1,116
|950
|1,010
|-24%|6%|-19%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|El Salvador|634
|689
|809
|1,008
|1,025
|955
|747
|859
|787
|925
|50%|-14%|29%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Guinea|663
|642
|598
|636
|744
|695
|719
|741
|797
|803
|10%|11%|23%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Ethiopia|776
|746
|869
|825
|715
|651
|680
|706
|672
|734
|-10%|3%|-8%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Algeria|968
|665
|645
|740
|696
|589
|720
|814
|775
|663
|-21%|12%|-12%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Stateless|469
|501
|615
|604
|640
|595
|765
|715
|623
|622
|27%|1%|28%|-16%|-16%|-16%|\n|United States|173
|109
|192
|225
|268
|239
|590
|788
|574
|604
|80%|132%|318%|-15%|-15%|-15%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|707
|559
|561
|616
|618
|493
|522
|492
|568
|590
|-12%|4%|-9%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Cameroon|704
|606
|588
|604
|545
|475
|526
|523
|521
|578
|-22%|8%|-16%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Guatemala|415
|439
|476
|622
|733
|739
|430
|558
|516
|551
|72%|-28%|25%|8%|8%|8%|\n|Sudan|771
|827
|700
|728
|572
|479
|462
|500
|412
|511
|-34%|-12%|-42%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Myanmar|308
|427
|359
|313
|323
|338
|335
|389
|431
|458
|-10%|34%|21%|23%|23%|23%|\n|Viet Nam|548
|540
|505
|472
|497
|636
|555
|920
|514
|455
|4%|-14%|-11%|-34%|-34%|-34%|\n|Albania|609
|459
|432
|418
|416
|355
|404
|525
|440
|443
|-28%|15%|-17%|-5%|-5%|-5%|\n|Lebanon|394
|281
|1,261
|811
|706
|490
|538
|474
|552
|394
|77%|-21%|40%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Azerbaijan|908
|665
|538
|434
|326
|330
|403
|436
|457
|387
|-58%|29%|-46%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Moldova|432
|592
|795
|759
|544
|395
|524
|306
|230
|378
|-8%|-35%|-41%|-27%|-27%|-27%|\n|Mongolia|669
|415
|415
|461
|445
|443
|419
|390
|478
|376
|-18%|-4%|-21%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Other|13,871
|12,517
|13,367
|13,127
|11,758
|11,133
|10,403
|12,397
|11,428
|12,078
|-13%|3%|-11%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Total|70,346
|62,804
|69,346
|78,083
|75,863
|71,352
|75,139
|84,990
|76,915
|75,755
|11%|4%|15%|-5%|79,952
|79,935
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**11**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.5826956033706665, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8469740748405457, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.635118842124939, - "start": 214, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5483882427215576, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6438130140304565, - "start": 238, - "end": 240 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.5730709433555603, - "start": 323, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6040298342704773, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6356363296508789, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin", - "confidence": 0.5542082786560059, - "start": 650, - "end": 658 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.7467013001441956, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.8164221048355103, - "start": 605, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7543933391571045, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.699220597743988, - "start": 674, - "end": 676 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.6252275705337524, - "start": 759, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6758939623832703, - "start": 783, - "end": 785 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.7309415936470032, - "start": 1086, - "end": 1092 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.8739603757858276, - "start": 1097, - "end": 1098 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.5704962611198425, - "start": 1110, - "end": 1112 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,647
|3,716
|5,544
|8,071
|10,414
|10,394
|11,393
|11,429
|10,224
|8,280
|149%|-11%|121%|-19%|10,333

4,952

3,282

2,917

2,955

3,218

2,176

1,812

2,004

1,973

1,833

1,004

1,125

926

572

1,096

958

1,111

876

630

731

753

580

800

446

469

446

368

368

431

240

346

301

483

222

183

182

223

269

317

6,445
|8,456

3,874

3,785

2,882

3,087

2,790

2,050

1,848

2,353

1,792

1,489

1,322

1,268

1,193

1,170

1,095

986

1,271

952

753

753

666

575

779

483

409

369

421

361

338

323

321

315

320

291

275

264

277

267

439

6,955
|\n|Russian Federation|3,300
|3,178
|4,174
|4,054
|3,096
|2,928
|4,024
|7,705
|4,952
|3,870
|-7%|46%|36%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|Somalia|1,761
|1,659
|2,146
|2,096
|2,452
|2,323
|3,142
|3,205
|3,159
|3,131
|40%|32%|84%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Pakistan|1,162
|1,139
|1,379
|2,727
|3,766
|3,141
|3,704
|2,705
|2,811
|2,752
|200%|-19%|142%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Afghanistan|1,926
|1,861
|1,859
|2,699
|2,169
|2,168
|2,084
|2,501
|2,671
|2,671
|15%|23%|41%|17%|17%|17%|\n|Serbia*|4,447
|3,427
|3,650
|3,915
|3,832
|3,618
|3,686
|3,390
|3,077
|2,616
|-5%|-24%|-28%|-20%|-20%|-20%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|2,317
|2,226
|2,580
|2,763
|1,841
|1,666
|2,099
|2,368
|2,151
|2,035
|-23%|19%|-8%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,065
|919
|970
|1,358
|1,473
|1,364
|1,555
|1,586
|1,752
|1,809
|43%|26%|79%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Nigeria|1,592
|1,239
|1,228
|1,459
|1,391
|1,249
|1,405
|1,576
|1,623
|1,771
|-7%|29%|20%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Eritrea|1,340
|1,062
|1,543
|2,017
|1,550
|953
|1,627
|2,293
|1,700
|1,720
|4%|37%|42%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Turkey|2,429
|1,924
|1,801
|2,051
|1,813
|1,574
|1,409
|1,699
|1,718
|1,427
|-22%|-7%|-28%|1%|1%|1%|\n|China|1,495
|1,372
|1,695
|1,456
|1,461
|1,416
|1,606
|1,448
|993
|1,305
|0%|-20%|-20%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|852
|834
|855
|1,073
|1,407
|1,403
|1,092
|1,483
|1,116
|1,260
|67%|-15%|41%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Georgia|906
|796
|927
|868
|806
|1,269
|931
|939
|922
|1,188
|22%|2%|24%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Mali|79
|61
|56
|52
|86
|140
|169
|321
|553
|1,146
|61%|652%|1114%|247%|247%|247%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,648
|1,272
|1,084
|1,135
|1,189
|1,178
|939
|1,009
|1,093
|1,085
|-19%|-8%|-25%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,020
|534
|416
|339
|481
|530
|643
|865
|956
|986
|-35%|92%|25%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Bangladesh|910
|878
|984
|3,273
|2,355
|1,176
|843
|1,011
|970
|951
|97%|-46%|7%|4%|4%|4%|\n|Armenia|1,322
|876
|747
|785
|849
|800
|901
|1,051
|875
|937
|-25%|10%|-18%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|India|903
|918
|808
|1,005
|1,006
|795
|878
|657
|617
|746
|-1%|-24%|-25%|-11%|-11%|-11%|\n|Guinea|545
|496
|441
|485
|575
|531
|550
|572
|658
|693
|6%|22%|30%|20%|20%|20%|\n|Algeria|952
|639
|611
|716
|667
|568
|699
|774
|745
|646
|-22%|13%|-13%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Stateless|445
|474
|586
|551
|598
|553
|727
|663
|578
|574
|25%|0%|25%|-17%|-17%|-17%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|624
|490
|453
|518
|513
|399
|407
|400
|496
|522
|-18%|12%|-9%|26%|26%|26%|\n|Sudan|721
|779
|644
|667
|523
|419
|409
|441
|350
|449
|-37%|-15%|-47%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Viet Nam|496
|503
|455
|431
|462
|606
|513
|883
|469
|408
|7%|-18%|-12%|-37%|-37%|-37%|\n|Azerbaijan|892
|647
|513
|409
|313
|315
|389
|421
|445
|369
|-59%|30%|-47%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Cameroon|535
|400
|389
|414
|357
|309
|355
|340
|334
|365
|-29%|5%|-25%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Ethiopia|422
|362
|448
|489
|356
|323
|341
|340
|311
|347
|-13%|-3%|-16%|-3%|-3%|-3%|\n|Mongolia|629
|376
|378
|416
|389
|409
|373
|343
|431
|333
|-21%|-4%|-24%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Albania|328
|266
|269
|266
|295
|246
|266
|326
|235
|316
|-9%|2%|-7%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Colombia|445
|823
|594
|1,092
|382
|876
|489
|1,011
|342
|314
|-1%|-48%|-48%|-56%|-56%|-56%|\n|Angola|473
|417
|368
|360
|328
|295
|248
|250
|299
|314
|-30%|-2%|-31%|23%|23%|23%|\n|Lebanon|337
|233
|963
|643
|576
|394
|421
|371
|455
|308
|70%|-21%|34%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Uzbekistan|190
|160
|264
|236
|115
|248
|225
|156
|222
|291
|4%|41%|47%|35%|35%|35%|\n|Moldova|404
|570
|767
|741
|518
|361
|486
|255
|178
|271
|-10%|-49%|-54%|-39%|-39%|-39%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|165
|142
|144
|214
|233
|144
|129
|148
|182
|264
|23%|18%|45%|61%|61%|61%|\n|Senegal|38
|37
|58
|106
|117
|75
|135
|140
|207
|260
|156%|143%|523%|70%|70%|70%|\n|Congo|397
|281
|271
|282
|306
|295
|246
|315
|255
|245
|-11%|-17%|-26%|-11%|-11%|-11%|\n|Ghana|280
|247
|216
|243
|201
|151
|181
|228
|204
|244
|-33%|27%|-15%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Other|8,984
|7,620
|7,967
|7,694
|6,587
|6,100
|5,968
|7,024
|5,990
|6,218
|-24%|-4%|-26%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Total|53,423
|45,853
|51,245
|60,169
|57,848
|53,702
|57,687
|64,642
|57,319
|55,437
|12%|1%|14%|-8%|60,356
|59,617
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**12**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.7023978233337402, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8494473695755005, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5445225834846497, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.6688400506973267, - "start": 185, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9364777207374573, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5428586006164551, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "European asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6407053470611572, - "start": 207, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.6338958144187927, - "start": 505, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8245658874511719, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "European asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.5819739699363708, - "start": 527, - "end": 530 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,123
|3,234
|4,871
|7,147
|9,364
|8,836
|9,628
|10,100
|8,119
|5,964
|147%|-23%|91%|-29%|8,228

4,633

2,904

2,762

2,615

2,618

1,778

1,508

1,575

1,681

935

566

843

1,020

981

955

1,101

861

1,271

619

681

688

763

458

409

400

438

335

319

214

399

460

259

176

212

263

207

294

166

262

5,870
|6,140

3,615

2,850

3,165

2,563

2,302

2,067

1,473

1,289

1,328

1,237

1,165

1,121

1,111

998

962

1,259

939

942

728

676

612

734

394

383

385

345

393

311

304

294

294

276

266

268

265

234

423

226

233

6,250
|\n|Russian Federation|3,079
|2,940
|3,884
|3,818
|2,886
|2,715
|3,721
|7,380
|4,633
|3,611
|-7%|47%|37%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Pakistan|1,124
|1,110
|1,346
|2,704
|3,757
|3,084
|3,681
|2,671
|2,798
|2,720
|206%|-19%|147%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Somalia|1,324
|1,262
|1,652
|1,758
|2,110
|2,000
|2,599
|2,636
|2,639
|2,511
|59%|25%|99%|-2%|-2%|-2%|\n|Afghanistan|1,773
|1,707
|1,675
|2,457
|1,993
|1,924
|1,636
|2,105
|2,331
|2,147
|13%|14%|29%|20%|20%|20%|\n|Serbia*|3,964
|3,014
|3,195
|3,455
|3,379
|2,824
|3,144
|2,888
|2,484
|2,128
|-11%|-26%|-34%|-24%|-24%|-24%|\n|Nigeria|1,470
|1,172
|1,144
|1,367
|1,313
|1,156
|1,278
|1,426
|1,397
|1,485
|-7%|17%|9%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Sri Lanka|970
|824
|844
|1,156
|1,293
|1,125
|1,317
|1,311
|1,448
|1,434
|35%|19%|61%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,804
|1,435
|1,634
|2,192
|1,483
|1,202
|1,432
|1,697
|1,550
|1,274
|-17%|5%|-13%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Turkey|2,243
|1,723
|1,622
|1,839
|1,600
|1,418
|1,253
|1,555
|1,566
|1,266
|-24%|-6%|-29%|1%|1%|1%|\n|China|1,390
|1,266
|1,458
|1,336
|1,323
|1,360
|1,545
|1,393
|924
|1,220
|1%|-20%|-19%|-27%|-27%|-27%|\n|Mali|69
|57
|51
|50
|86
|138
|168
|315
|547
|1,141
|78%|654%|1240%|249%|249%|249%|\n|Georgia|807
|717
|835
|805
|749
|1,209
|866
|881
|839
|1,116
|28%|0%|28%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|786
|789
|798
|1,017
|1,325
|1,350
|1,021
|1,312
|1,010
|1,102
|70%|-21%|34%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|
1,551
|1,201
|978
|1,034
|1,102
|1,110
|862
|888
|978
|988
|-20%|-11%|-29%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,011
|525
|407
|337
|477
|520
|638
|859
|953
|962
|-35%|92%|25%|28%|28%|28%|\n|Bangladesh|892
|854
|968
|3,253
|2,345
|1,168
|835
|991
|960
|939
|101%|-46%|9%|4%|4%|4%|\n|Armenia|1,268
|839
|706
|765
|840
|787
|887
|1,033
|860
|924
|-23%|10%|-15%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Eritrea|1,221
|927
|1,177
|1,057
|771
|655
|1,120
|1,382
|998
|870
|-34%|31%|-13%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|India|891
|904
|782
|980
|978
|783
|845
|613
|606
|721
|-2%|-25%|-26%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Guinea|512
|474
|401
|470
|538
|493
|522
|531
|608
|616
|5%|19%|24%|16%|16%|16%|\n|Algeria|890
|588
|557
|669
|630
|538
|655
|726
|680
|592
|-21%|9%|-14%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|580
|454
|398
|483
|481
|344
|372
|354
|459
|477
|-20%|13%|-9%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Viet Nam|486
|486
|447
|419
|453
|588
|502
|869
|458
|393
|7%|-18%|-12%|-38%|-38%|-38%|\n|Stateless|400
|438
|506
|472
|482
|444
|578
|520
|407
|382
|11%|-15%|-6%|-28%|-28%|-28%|\n|Sudan|677
|733
|594
|586
|470
|379
|376
|401
|304
|351
|-40%|-23%|-54%|-16%|-16%|-16%|\n|Azerbaijan|869
|627
|496
|400
|306
|293
|375
|413
|437
|345
|-60%|31%|-48%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Cameroon|475
|345
|357
|367
|315
|278
|305
|301
|301
|337
|-28%|8%|-22%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Colombia|438
|809
|583
|1,079
|363
|864
|484
|998
|315
|304
|-2%|-50%|-50%|-58%|-58%|-58%|\n|Albania|303
|245
|254
|252
|275
|236
|236
|306
|209
|297
|-7%|-1%|-8%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Mongolia|563
|306
|312
|369
|354
|379
|340
|307
|399
|289
|-16%|-6%|-21%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Lebanon|323
|219
|896
|609
|536
|371
|399
|338
|432
|282
|67%|-21%|32%|-3%|-3%|-3%|\n|Angola|434
|375
|316
|320
|291
|257
|215
|210
|257
|275
|-32%|-3%|-34%|25%|25%|25%|\n|Moldova|386
|556
|753
|722
|504
|349
|470
|251
|171
|262
|-9%|-49%|-54%|-40%|-40%|-40%|\n|Senegal|35
|35
|49
|98
|109
|69
|126
|134
|196
|251
|154%|151%|539%|72%|72%|72%|\n|Congo|395
|274
|259
|267
|299
|293
|243
|304
|249
|243
|-12%|-17%|-26%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Uzbekistan|174
|143
|237
|201
|107
|220
|178
|143
|207
|234
|3%|35%|39%|37%|37%|37%|\n|Ghana|274
|239
|212
|236
|197
|145
|172
|215
|181
|228
|-33%|20%|-20%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|141
|130
|130
|204
|215
|130
|106
|126
|166
|226
|27%|14%|45%|69%|69%|69%|\n|Ethiopia|350
|277
|297
|302
|192
|180
|220
|193
|205
|219
|-41%|14%|-32%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Other|8,142
|6,896
|7,266
|7,143
|5,924
|5,253
|5,361
|6,428
|5,410
|5,511
|-26%|-2%|-27%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Total|48,607
|41,149
|45,347
|54,195
|52,215
|47,467
|50,711
|57,504
|49,691
|46,637
|11%|-3%|7%|-11%|52,727
|50,820
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**13**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6246027946472168, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.8411892056465149, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6106863021850586, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9562596678733826, - "start": 201, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9073100686073303, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6691524386405945, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.6483633518218994, - "start": 393, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9610939621925354, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5610604882240295, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9450744986534119, - "start": 489, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9083704948425293, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8126910328865051, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.8204681873321533, - "start": 681, - "end": 688 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.916078507900238, - "start": 686, - "end": 688 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8803796172142029, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.6539860963821411, - "start": 640, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9337945580482483, - "start": 777, - "end": 784 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.8960500359535217, - "start": 782, - "end": 784 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7618533968925476, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.6802950501441956, - "start": 969, - "end": 976 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.7863291501998901, - "start": 974, - "end": 976 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7175681591033936, - "start": 986, - "end": 987 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5242527723312378, - "start": 928, - "end": 932 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "separate statistics", - "confidence": 0.6367493271827698, - "start": 5703, - "end": 5705 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.9797486662864685, - "start": 5707, - "end": 5710 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Iraq|1,589
|1,572
|2,926
|4,601
|5,438
|4,934
|5,268
|5,154
|3,433
|2,213
|228%|-46%|79%|-46%|\n|Somalia|435
|420
|554
|437
|828
|790
|1,002
|1,032
|1,032
|1,210
|89%|39%|162%|10%|\n|Eritrea|196
|157
|280
|298
|312
|258
|470
|634
|559
|591
|61%|102%|226%|4%|\n|Serbia**|878
|480
|734
|808
|764
|610
|1,012
|934
|792
|530
|1%|-4%|-3%|-32%|\n|Russian Federation|392
|284
|457
|405
|422
|382
|556
|583
|613
|528
|19%|42%|69%|0%|\n|Stateless|193
|192
|342
|350
|384
|397
|560
|497
|442
|402
|103%|8%|119%|-20%|\n|Afghanistan|238
|213
|237
|350
|265
|218
|258
|317
|370
|354
|7%|50%|61%|26%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|224
|165
|255
|246
|180
|173
|253
|289
|326
|287
|-9%|74%|58%|13%|\n|Uzbekistan|108
|92
|177
|141
|76
|163
|134
|91
|160
|212
|20%|56%|86%|65%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|82
|58
|85
|134
|185
|112
|96
|94
|128
|211
|112%|14%|142%|78%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|155
|118
|116
|169
|117
|103
|182
|174
|159
|155
|-19%|43%|15%|-12%|\n|Mongolia|205
|60
|105
|115
|118
|142
|155
|126
|221
|145
|-2%|41%|38%|30%|\n|Nigeria|96
|80
|49
|54
|84
|65
|79
|80
|102
|130
|-15%|56%|32%|46%|\n|Sri Lanka|30
|37
|58
|62
|60
|78
|79
|110
|100
|115
|106%|56%|221%|14%|\n|Belarus|153
|126
|153
|133
|91
|105
|121
|117
|104
|104
|-30%|6%|-25%|-13%|\n|Ethiopia|42
|58
|67
|88
|67
|86
|95
|127
|80
|100
|53%|18%|80%|-19%|\n|Turkey|156
|64
|117
|117
|119
|113
|90
|116
|108
|95
|5%|-13%|-8%|-1%|\n|Armenia|112
|57
|68
|66
|48
|46
|65
|74
|60
|94
|-44%|64%|-9%|11%|\n|Azerbaijan|103
|74
|87
|54
|54
|49
|76
|95
|109
|90
|-42%|93%|12%|16%|\n|Lebanon|54
|48
|403
|268
|217
|113
|168
|106
|122
|83
|224%|-38%|101%|-25%|\n|Algeria|59
|41
|51
|72
|42
|46
|71
|63
|69
|73
|-12%|61%|42%|6%|\n|Yemen|9
|19
|14
|11
|14
|20
|21
|7
|49
|68
|21%|244%|318%|318%|\n|India|49
|59
|88
|96
|55
|48
|75
|62
|32
|66
|-5%|-5%|-9%|-28%|\n|Bulgaria|211
|275
|389
|223
|37
|7
|10
|6
|8
|61
|-91%|57%|-86%|331%|\n|Kazakhstan|20
|16
|13
|29
|22
|24
|29
|38
|35
|60
|28%|107%|164%|42%|\n|Georgia|76
|35
|43
|39
|90
|49
|47
|32
|37
|57
|25%|-32%|-15%|19%|\n|Burundi|80
|79
|124
|87
|64
|50
|81
|60
|59
|57
|-28%|2%|-27%|-18%|\n|Nepal|45
|11
|16
|12
|13
|19
|15
|31
|36
|48
|-43%|163%|50%|83%|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|132
|60
|76
|66
|70
|55
|97
|74
|58
|44
|-35%|-18%|-47%|-40%|\n|Albania|46
|43
|35
|57
|40
|27
|59
|48
|47
|43
|-25%|34%|1%|-16%|\n|China|55
|35
|46
|35
|30
|64
|42
|76
|30
|38
|4%|-28%|-24%|-42%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|57
|43
|43
|45
|38
|35
|36
|49
|66
|37
|-27%|41%|3%|21%|\n|Viet Nam|23
|24
|25
|11
|15
|16
|21
|25
|41
|34
|-34%|142%|60%|63%|\n|Ghana|13
|12
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|20
|28
|32
|-12%|173%|140%|71%|\n|Sudan|19
|14
|28
|20
|30
|19
|33
|38
|16
|30
|48%|-6%|39%|-35%|\n|Bangladesh|37
|41
|39
|15
|13
|36
|33
|36
|28
|28
|-37%|14%|-28%|-19%|\n|Egypt|18
|16
|18
|46
|32
|25
|45
|24
|16
|28
|68%|-23%|29%|-36%|\n|Morocco|20
|17
|28
|24
|30
|24
|22
|26
|29
|27
|46%|4%|51%|17%|\n|Cameroon|24
|20
|22
|16
|19
|13
|36
|17
|19
|26
|-27%|41%|2%|-15%|\n|Tunisia|22
|8
|15
|19
|29
|15
|25
|28
|34
|26
|47%|36%|100%|13%|\n|Other|1,008
|632
|862
|1,491
|842
|764
|693
|679
|710
|691
|-2%|-13%|-15%|2%|\n|Total|7,464
|5,855
|9,250
|11,318
|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,467
|9,223
|63%|-9%|48%|-19%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**14**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.8172667622566223, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries", - "confidence": 0.526903510093689, - "start": 48, - "end": 52 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9165235161781311, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6823855638504028, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9018204808235168, - "start": 166, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9847010374069214, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5588379502296448, - "start": 343, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged", - "confidence": 0.603693425655365, - "start": 492, - "end": 500 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9682157635688782, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9203885197639465, - "start": 461, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9870308041572571, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5013688802719116, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5467789769172668, - "start": 638, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9756278395652771, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9268677234649658, - "start": 756, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9853169322013855, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dem. Rep. of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.5017687082290649, - "start": 3188, - "end": 3195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Russian Federation|830
|978
|1,497
|1,322
|697
|721
|1,496
|4,162
|1,480
|1,481
|-22%|109%|64%|-48%|\n|Serbia**|122
|183
|234
|157
|159
|281
|581
|266
|243
|228
|44%|7%|54%|-44%|\n|Iraq|65
|117
|125
|227
|220
|208
|295
|411
|247
|161
|135%|-5%|124%|-42%|\n|Georgia|125
|106
|128
|120
|68
|104
|94
|87
|57
|110
|-26%|-3%|-28%|-8%|\n|Ukraine|236
|172
|147
|137
|95
|88
|103
|101
|98
|101
|-55%|9%|-51%|-2%|\n|Pakistan|77
|46
|79
|118
|152
|284
|253
|65
|232
|99
|254%|-24%|169%|4%|\n|Turkey|67
|54
|61
|69
|47
|68
|54
|215
|276
|94
|-5%|222%|206%|38%|\n|Somalia|16
|23
|30
|52
|23
|39
|13
|78
|50
|69
|59%|92%|205%|31%|\n|Mongolia|46
|25
|24
|55
|79
|57
|51
|70
|58
|68
|92%|-7%|77%|4%|\n|India|138
|212
|152
|315
|233
|238
|184
|54
|80
|63
|35%|-70%|-59%|-40%|\n|Viet Nam|167
|174
|148
|131
|165
|234
|156
|518
|68
|58
|17%|-68%|-63%|-81%|\n|Afghanistan|103
|110
|50
|87
|48
|46
|65
|65
|47
|57
|-56%|11%|-51%|-20%|\n|Moldova|45
|104
|217
|123
|69
|78
|101
|66
|21
|57
|-1%|-47%|-48%|-53%|\n|China|108
|130
|232
|143
|125
|104
|114
|266
|55
|54
|-4%|-52%|-54%|-71%|\n|Nigeria|63
|54
|71
|69
|55
|39
|57
|64
|42
|33
|-20%|-20%|-36%|-38%|\n|Armenia|45
|45
|42
|50
|29
|43
|53
|40
|45
|32
|-20%|7%|-14%|-17%|\n|Belarus|86
|54
|53
|66
|65
|37
|69
|55
|36
|29
|-27%|-36%|-54%|-48%|\n|Bangladesh|61
|41
|69
|71
|53
|50
|55
|34
|49
|25
|1%|-28%|-27%|-17%|\n|Cuba|13
|3
|10
|13
|24
|11
|52
|54
|17
|25
|119%|20%|163%|-60%|\n|Stateless|32
|48
|28
|25
|58
|36
|41
|34
|29
|24
|18%|-44%|-34%|-29%|\n|Sri Lanka|10
|9
|3
|11
|26
|27
|53
|34
|24
|23
|179%|-11%|147%|-46%|\n|Kazakhstan|25
|164
|50
|22
|8
|13
|12
|12
|26
|20
|-89%|119%|-76%|92%|\n|Kyrgyzstan|28
|11
|28
|28
|45
|8
|7
|10
|9
|18
|36%|-49%|-31%|59%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|23
|13
|16
|15
|17
|24
|15
|26
|14
|16
|14%|-27%|-17%|-27%|\n|Uzbekistan|5
|9
|13
|10
|2
|23
|8
|13
|11
|15
|79%|4%|86%|24%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|14
|22
|20
|28
|21
|31
|47
|47
|10
|15
|44%|-52%|-31%|-73%|\n|Algeria|46
|14
|21
|8
|11
|13
|32
|21
|16
|14
|-60%|25%|-50%|-43%|\n|Occupied Palest. Territ.|22
|41
|40
|50
|27
|14
|14
|44
|20
|13
|-35%|-20%|-48%|-43%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|10
|20
|16
|19
|25
|12
|23
|19
|13
|12
|23%|-32%|-17%|-40%|\n|Egypt|11
|64
|380
|2
|10
|4
|5
|33
|37
|9
|-81%|229%|-39%|21%|\n|Other|151
|185
|227
|183
|167
|139
|169
|338
|101
|90
|-9%|-38%|-43%|-62%|\n|Total|2,790
|3,231
|4,211
|3,726
|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,511
|3,113
|-2%|12%|10%|-43%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**15**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9266991019248962, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Ranking of countries based on applications", - "confidence": 0.6684855818748474, - "start": 194, - "end": 200 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9787792563438416, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7017325758934021, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.977475643157959, - "start": 164, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9994487166404724, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.5069226622581482, - "start": 335, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9872329235076904, - "start": 339, - "end": 341 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5140310525894165, - "start": 373, - "end": 377 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9036847949028015, - "start": 450, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9964836835861206, - "start": 453, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9664506316184998, - "start": 620, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9992222785949707, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5292736291885376, - "start": 715, - "end": 719 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.6199358701705933, - "start": 791, - "end": 797 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9904568791389465, - "start": 795, - "end": 797 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6520002484321594, - "start": 807, - "end": 808 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.652820348739624, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.8284029364585876, - "start": 905, - "end": 911 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.7235279083251953, - "start": 909, - "end": 911 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5813176035881042, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|397
|510
|508
|913
|2,896
|3,742
|2,289
|1,789
|2,058
|1,992
|18%|636%|767%|450%|2,167

1,928

967

622

474

510

819

613

532

286

277

507

134

187

114

144

429

102

86

62

21

124

134

40

33

24

60

99

69

15

47

50

22

61

40

39

72

29

28

19

958
|2,168

2,015

1,166

732

657

618

1,081

769

987

267

279

486

178

184

111

113

155

115

162

81

76

127

258

61

56

67

70

132

97

50

45

87

36

50

50

55

75

29

36

27

1,043
|\n|Pakistan|211
|295
|423
|1,744
|2,834
|2,134
|2,695
|1,856
|1,822
|1,885
|-42%|866%|459%|129%|129%|129%|\n|Afghanistan|223
|193
|226
|720
|508
|562
|569
|670
|683
|750
|33%|234%|344%|115%|115%|115%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|570
|827
|942
|812
|496
|594
|710
|743
|597
|717
|48%|17%|73%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Georgia|206
|184
|199
|197
|239
|757
|430
|498
|470
|652
|-81%|156%|-51%|152%|152%|152%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|269
|289
|352
|514
|874
|993
|545
|704
|501
|610
|108%|187%|498%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Nigeria|318
|226
|199
|363
|269
|255
|329
|442
|438
|499
|22%|131%|183%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Bangladesh|398
|464
|547
|2,792
|1,830
|656
|355
|427
|472
|449
|-15%|-4%|-19%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Somalia|185
|183
|350
|330
|313
|360
|665
|724
|409
|333
|-32%|37%|-8%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Colombia|330
|652
|463
|800
|324
|828
|427
|944
|282
|260
|-79%|560%|39%|1395%|1395%|1395%|\n|Sri Lanka|127
|86
|102
|261
|265
|207
|199
|212
|217
|240
|-65%|108%|-27%|45%|45%|45%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|65
|73
|91
|146
|126
|78
|133
|111
|203
|229
|-7%|95%|81%|90%|90%|90%|\n|India|112
|115
|88
|146
|285
|153
|163
|137
|121
|171
|-52%|162%|25%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Sudan|111
|197
|108
|155
|92
|102
|61
|92
|91
|150
|-2%|57%|54%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Ethiopia|75
|64
|103
|132
|81
|60
|73
|31
|57
|97
|288%|182%|994%|-22%|-22%|-22%|\n|Senegal|5
|*|21
|63
|64
|37
|77
|97
|128
|96
|156%|-43%|45%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Eritrea|160
|139
|98
|113
|80
|54
|100
|202
|156
|83
|-39%|129%|39%|36%|36%|36%|\n|Egypt|26
|22
|41
|41
|53
|57
|52
|89
|96
|82
|-54%|17%|-46%|53%|53%|53%|\n|Burkina Faso|*|8
|7
|20
|16
|7
|18
|24
|30
|82
|-74%|-35%|-83%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|56
|52
|27
|40
|85
|44
|39
|70
|59
|71
|-41%|197%|75%|-17%|-17%|-17%|\n|Albania|*|5
|13
|11
|12
|20
|10
|17
|16
|69
|-42%|-43%|-67%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Guinea|11
|9
|8
|30
|46
|30
|49
|48
|51
|67
|84%|-65%|-35%|-37%|-37%|-37%|\n|Ghana|18
|19
|39
|60
|25
|17
|26
|46
|21
|63
|-66%|9%|-63%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Russian Federation|80
|77
|51
|82
|51
|56
|51
|44
|40
|57
|-33%|-14%|-42%|102%|102%|102%|\n|Moldova|30
|34
|27
|35
|30
|43
|28
|20
|28
|52
|-58%|-40%|-74%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Armenia|35
|17
|31
|35
|29
|26
|58
|30
|23
|52
|55%|-21%|22%|-52%|-52%|-52%|\n|Algeria|117
|47
|62
|44
|58
|40
|80
|100
|52
|50
|0%|213%|213%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Togo|6
|17
|14
|18
|*|7
|10
|*|*|47
|-47%|1011%|488%|19%|19%|19%|\n|Cameroon|49
|37
|57
|41
|30
|31
|37
|45
|35
|41
|-69%|300%|24%|124%|124%|124%|\n|Niger|7
|34
|12
|25
|*|6
|16
|*|8
|40
|1000%|273%|4000%|720%|720%|720%|\n|Cuba|14
|19
|14
|15
|20
|25
|22
|20
|36
|37
|12%|35%|51%|41%|41%|41%|\n|Morocco|42
|26
|101
|148
|110
|77
|57
|44
|44
|35
|41%|-30%|-2%|-38%|-38%|-38%|\n|Philippines|11
|21
|19
|12
|29
|20
|19
|26
|22
|34
|-84%|-39%|-90%|-34%|-34%|-34%|\n|China|114
|92
|53
|58
|70
|46
|68
|90
|50
|33
|-83%|224%|-44%|49%|49%|49%|\n|Kenya|*|10
|*|*|5
|36
|12
|22
|37
|32
|-50%|6%|-47%|-21%|-21%|-21%|\n|Mali|7
|12
|9
|*|17
|11
|18
|12
|20
|31
|-15%|36%|15%|55%|55%|55%|\n|Gambia|10
|5
|11
|14
|20
|36
|25
|23
|23
|31
|-60%|300%|60%|33%|33%|33%|\n|Uzbekistan|15
|12
|8
|40
|14
|17
|51
|22
|29
|29
|11%|240%|278%|3300%|3300%|3300%|\n|Sierra Leone|31
|19
|16
|26
|35
|13
|24
|16
|17
|26
|13%|-17%|-6%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Ukraine|60
|38
|33
|57
|29
|30
|20
|17
|16
|25
|-32%|50%|2%|55%|55%|55%|\n|Other|496
|460
|438
|518
|601
|625
|588
|1,070
|446
|372
|-49%|-16%|-57%|-18%|-18%|-18%|\n|Total|5,004
|5,593
|5,913
|11,578
|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|9,907
|10,671
|-32%|158%|76%|53%|12,944
|14,851
|\n\n\n\n_**16**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.6778760552406311, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9143435955047607, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8522600531578064, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9354864358901978, - "start": 196, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9796154499053955, - "start": 200, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6634854078292847, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.5373528599739075, - "start": 378, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8613137602806091, - "start": 382, - "end": 384 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8597170114517212, - "start": 469, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9152317643165588, - "start": 473, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6416420936584473, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.917335569858551, - "start": 651, - "end": 657 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9503561854362488, - "start": 655, - "end": 657 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.715372622013092, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.6746131181716919, - "start": 924, - "end": 930 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8590331077575684, - "start": 928, - "end": 930 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.7607470750808716, - "start": 936, - "end": 937 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5359071493148804, - "start": 936, - "end": 937 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "First semester change", - "confidence": 0.512610912322998, - "start": 1088, - "end": 1091 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|China|2,838
|2,787
|2,785
|2,872
|2,688
|2,506
|2,151
|2,630
|2,814
|2,949
|-8%|11%|2%|21%|\n|Mexico|1,275
|1,521
|1,973
|1,974
|2,108
|2,316
|2,558
|2,562
|2,510
|2,675
|58%|17%|85%|1%|\n|Haiti|1,641
|1,487
|1,050
|1,010
|1,295
|1,265
|1,632
|1,762
|1,582
|1,680
|-18%|27%|4%|-4%|\n|Colombia|728
|787
|786
|871
|785
|717
|936
|1,345
|948
|976
|-1%|28%|27%|-16%|\n|El Salvador|627
|674
|780
|998
|1,001
|931
|729
|836
|771
|904
|49%|-13%|29%|7%|\n|United States*|161
|105
|187
|215
|256
|227
|568
|773
|563
|591
|82%|139%|334%|-14%|\n|Guatemala|406
|438
|470
|617
|721
|730
|426
|547
|511
|547
|72%|-27%|25%|9%|\n|India|350
|352
|368
|345
|329
|286
|294
|361
|340
|360
|-12%|14%|0%|7%|\n|Ethiopia|347
|371
|387
|329
|351
|317
|313
|344
|340
|355
|-7%|4%|-3%|6%|\n|Russian Federation|220
|306
|251
|220
|214
|340
|194
|238
|216
|318
|5%|-4%|2%|24%|\n|Honduras|270
|277
|337
|390
|337
|308
|237
|302
|331
|318
|18%|1%|19%|20%|\n|Sri Lanka|282
|251
|243
|286
|273
|229
|229
|278
|355
|315
|-6%|33%|26%|32%|\n|Iraq|174
|144
|186
|230
|257
|265
|252
|255
|285
|296
|64%|11%|83%|15%|\n|Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of)|275
|261
|246
|217
|213
|193
|226
|254
|227
|227
|-24%|12%|-15%|-5%|\n|Nepal|166
|172
|184
|189
|160
|146
|147
|193
|179
|217
|-9%|29%|17%|16%|\n|Cameroon|165
|194
|197
|186
|186
|159
|167
|177
|181
|198
|-4%|10%|6%|10%|\n|Pakistan|290
|302
|283
|221
|206
|179
|155
|230
|220
|197
|-35%|8%|-30%|8%|\n|Nigeria|194
|179
|203
|247
|223
|188
|244
|283
|248
|194
|10%|8%|18%|-16%|\n|Indonesia|224
|246
|381
|328
|285
|263
|232
|312
|233
|193
|17%|-22%|-9%|-22%|\n|Czech Rep.|*|5
|*|7
|8
|5
|*|112
|171
|191
|63%|2685%|4425%|215%|\n|Kenya|60
|64
|110
|86
|64
|78
|70
|109
|200
|177
|15%|165%|204%|111%|\n|Somalia|109
|93
|111
|89
|121
|88
|103
|133
|173
|170
|3%|64%|70%|45%|\n|Zimbabwe|305
|152
|139
|120
|88
|92
|115
|127
|148
|145
|-61%|63%|-36%|21%|\n|Eritrea|105
|112
|92
|105
|105
|105
|126
|120
|141
|137
|-3%|32%|28%|13%|\n|Cuba|153
|178
|165
|176
|160
|140
|126
|190
|160
|132
|-9%|-3%|-12%|-8%|\n|Egypt|114
|137
|108
|92
|98
|121
|107
|101
|108
|131
|-13%|9%|-5%|15%|\n|Saint Vincent & the Grenadi|n
128
|90
|76
|69
|97
|61
|81
|107
|112
|128
|-28%|52%|10%|28%|\n|Albania|277
|192
|160
|146
|119
|106
|136
|197
|200
|122
|-52%|43%|-31%|-3%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|158
|142
|172
|153
|127
|112
|133
|154
|175
|112
|-20%|20%|-4%|0%|\n|Guinea|117
|146
|157
|151
|166
|164
|169
|168
|137
|110
|25%|-25%|-6%|-27%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|130
|100
|153
|118
|99
|95
|110
|130
|154
|110
|-16%|36%|15%|10%|\n|Moldova|27
|22
|28
|18
|26
|34
|38
|51
|52
|107
|22%|165%|224%|79%|\n|Afghanistan|75
|56
|84
|87
|106
|83
|93
|90
|97
|106
|44%|7%|55%|11%|\n|Serbia**|100
|87
|84
|94
|100
|109
|86
|130
|120
|102
|12%|6%|19%|3%|\n|Jamaica|75
|77
|71
|74
|61
|55
|57
|74
|90
|102
|-24%|66%|26%|47%|\n|Philippines|74
|56
|61
|56
|73
|47
|46
|47
|60
|99
|-8%|33%|22%|71%|\n|Peru|79
|100
|91
|103
|72
|118
|62
|100
|68
|96
|6%|-14%|-8%|1%|\n|Ukraine|143
|126
|140
|134
|115
|122
|112
|113
|125
|94
|-12%|-8%|-19%|-3%|\n|Brazil|92
|81
|55
|80
|117
|183
|46
|75
|77
|92
|73%|-44%|-2%|40%|\n|Myanmar|76
|84
|66
|86
|88
|66
|61
|101
|92
|79
|-4%|11%|7%|6%|\n|Other|2,716
|2,678
|3,336
|2,943
|2,808
|2,654
|2,477
|2,646
|2,662
|2,745
|1%|-1%|0%|6%|\n|Total|15,749
|15,632
|16,760
|16,732
|16,706
|16,203
|16,047
|18,757
|18,176
|18,797
|5%|12%|18%|6%|\n|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**17**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6485038995742798, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries", - "confidence": 0.6151504516601562, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.8586967587471008, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8526715040206909, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figures for the United States", - "confidence": 0.5621357560157776, - "start": 1202, - "end": 1207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.79201740026474, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1209 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9229859709739685, - "start": 1205, - "end": 1207 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6905823349952698, - "start": 1265, - "end": 1266 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "States by origin", - "confidence": 0.6659674048423767, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.5106499791145325, - "start": 1493, - "end": 1494 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9383652210235596, - "start": 1395, - "end": 1397 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.517481803894043, - "start": 1470, - "end": 1474 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.6017377376556396, - "start": 4809, - "end": 4810 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.9326187372207642, - "start": 4812, - "end": 4815 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "citizens of Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.5910841822624207, - "start": 4801, - "end": 4804 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by
origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|China|255
|283
|309
|255
|281
|272
|334
|398
|282
|294
|3%|4%|7%|-21%|\n|Myanmar|156
|208
|178
|129
|120
|140
|136
|185
|218
|240
|-29%|76%|26%|43%|\n|Sri Lanka|48
|82
|124
|149
|129
|153
|157
|141
|132
|129
|117%|-7%|101%|-12%|\n|Malaysia|31
|30
|26
|21
|26
|30
|44
|44
|50
|85
|-8%|141%|121%|53%|\n|India|82
|130
|81
|42
|68
|203
|45
|43
|39
|82
|28%|-55%|-43%|38%|\n|Pakistan|38
|39
|21
|20
|32
|46
|57
|49
|54
|64
|1%|51%|53%|11%|\n|Bangladesh|30
|32
|21
|13
|25
|27
|43
|27
|32
|53
|-16%|63%|37%|21%|\n|Iraq|41
|40
|55
|88
|61
|36
|97
|59
|47
|51
|20%|1%|21%|-37%|\n|Indonesia|101
|79
|83
|34
|48
|42
|37
|56
|78
|48
|-50%|40%|-30%|35%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|38
|24
|31
|45
|28
|31
|41
|33
|49
|47
|-5%|63%|55%|30%|\n|Turkey|49
|47
|56
|23
|27
|25
|24
|41
|45
|46
|-46%|75%|-5%|40%|\n|Zimbabwe|19
|*|11
|15
|21
|24
|28
|29
|57
|36
|105%|107%|323%|63%|\n|Ethiopia|7
|13
|34
|7
|8
|11
|26
|22
|21
|32
|-5%|179%|165%|10%|\n|Rep. of Korea|27
|17
|20
|29
|11
|21
|26
|23
|17
|27
|-27%|38%|0%|-10%|\n|Lebanon|6
|6
|30
|23
|23
|10
|17
|25
|17
|23
|175%|21%|233%|-5%|\n|Egypt|16
|9
|13
|14
|17
|6
|11
|12
|16
|20
|-8%|57%|44%|57%|\n|Nepal|20
|43
|26
|41
|121
|107
|40
|60
|17
|15
|262%|-86%|-49%|-68%|\n|Cameroon|*|12
|*|*|*|7
|*|6
|6
|15
|-44%|133%|31%|110%|\n|Viet Nam|9
|*|7
|7
|6
|7
|17
|9
|10
|15
|8%|92%|108%|-4%|\n|Afghanistan|*|*|11
|9
|8
|14
|8
|6
|6
|14
|340%|-9%|300%|43%|\n|Other|196
|215
|202
|214
|247
|235
|213
|323
|227
|185
|17%|-15%|0%|-23%
|\n|Total|1,174
|1,319
|1,341
|1,182
|1,309
|1,447
|1,405
|1,591
|1,420
|1,521
|11%|7%|18%|-2%|\n\n\n\n_**18**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 10. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, first quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the first quarter. An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Iraq|-
|39
|104
|246
|-
|124
|84
|-
|55
|9
|148
|-
|92
|48
|1,961
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|5
|888
|478
|-
|*|81
|-
|12
|20
|58
|*|36
|1,138
|225
|\n|China|-
|265
|55
|36
|-
|*|433
|-
|30
|12
|8
|-
|-
|153
|53
|\n|Somalia|-
|*|120
|33
|-
|6
|99
|-
|*|*|19
|-
|34
|21
|37
|\n|Serbia***|5
|*|373
|213
|50
|*|52
|22
|-
|8
|21
|-
|32
|554
|479
|\n|Pakistan|-
|40
|13
|38
|-
|*|102
|-
|47
|*|5
|-
|*|82
|69
|\n|Afghanistan|-
|*|205
|190
|-
|12
|83
|-
|10
|*|62
|-
|23
|43
|119
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,757
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|29
|65
|130
|-
|6
|86
|-
|53
|*|33
|-
|21
|29
|179
|\n|Sri Lanka|-
|93
|*|31
|-
|*|259
|*|151
|*|12
|-
|*|552
|110
|\n|Nigeria|-
|*|130
|11
|-
|7
|199
|-
|33
|10
|6
|-
|13
|108
|104
|\n|Eritrea|-
|-
|6
|5
|-
|-
|49
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|14
|58
|\n|Turkey|-
|9
|102
|74
|-
|*|64
|9
|17
|212
|5
|-
|15
|513
|395
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|984
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|189
|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|757
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|13
|5
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|12
|160
|-
|*|134
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|9
|529
|38
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|22
|18
|14
|-
|*|22
|-
|59
|-
|*|-
|*|221
|8
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|52
|-
|*|-
|-
|82
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|6
|6
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|-
|27
|77
|-
|*|20
|-
|278
|*|19
|-
|*|13
|194
|\n|India|-
|38
|61
|20
|-
|-
|161
|-
|55
|*|6
|-
|*|17
|90
|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Monteneg
ro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Iraq|688
|50
|*|61
|109
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|1,006
|7
|496
|\n|Russian Federation|16
|6
|*|10
|-
|-
|*|*|23
|-
|-
|-
|21
|*|276
|\n|China|14
|7
|-
|34
|11
|5
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|119
|5
|*|\n|Somalia|39
|40
|-
|38
|123
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|161
|-
|753
|*|140
|\n|Serbia***|*|182
|*|22
|141
|-
|-
|-
|-
|46
|-
|*|10
|-
|247
|\n|Pakistan|1,763
|193
|-
|37
|106
|8
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|10
|*|*|\n|Afghanistan|534
|21
|*|22
|284
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|56
|-
|142
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|105
|*|-
|22
|25
|11
|-
|-
|-
|5
|-
|-
|43
|5
|83
|\n|Sri Lanka|31
|10
|-
|5
|60
|13
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|55
|10
|76
|\n|Nigeria|161
|20
|*|237
|381
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|54
|-
|32
|*|50
|\n|Eritrea|10
|-
|-
|21
|273
|-
|-
|-
|-
|5
|121
|-
|49
|-
|334
|\n|Turkey|8
|11
|*|*|115
|36
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|17
|-
|19
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|10
|-
|-
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|-
|-
|44
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|7
|*|36
|\n|Bangladesh|400
|30
|-
|*|141
|5
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|7
|*|*|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|-
|-
|26
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|5
|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|200
|*|-
|*|9
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|12
|-
|19
|\n|India|49
|-
|-
|*|13
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|15
|-
|6
|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iraq|*|*|*|49
|11
|13
|-
|18
|2,696
|301
|-
|1,296
|745
|201
|\n|Russian Federation|1,396
|-
|-
|*|-
|29
|*|12
|242
|41
|-
|-
|15
|135
|\n|China|*|*|7
|13
|-
|14
|-
|-
|18
|60
|-
|5
|345
|2,381
|\n|Somalia|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|11
|839
|186
|-
|194
|480
|74
|\n|Serbia***|-
|*|-
|11
|-
|6
|13
|*|488
|258
|6
|-
|20
|68
|\n|Pakistan|5
|0|5
|12
|-
|16
|*|10
|16
|9
|-
|*|475
|118
|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|-
|*|-
|7
|-
|8
|142
|65
|-
|131
|870
|14
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|753
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|-
|*|*|-
|*|*|9
|189
|88
|-
|430
|655
|89
|\n|Sri Lanka|*|*|16
|*|-
|*|-
|9
|11
|202
|-
|23
|450
|96
|\n|Nigeria|*|*|5
|-
|*|*|*|187
|32
|172
|*|-
|245
|49
|\n|Eritrea|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|223
|347
|-
|21
|480
|92
|\n|Turkey|10
|-
|-
|24
|-
|-
|7
|8
|68
|123
|-
|-
|75
|32
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|598
|\n|Colombia|-
|7
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|275
|*|27
|-
|-
|5
|191
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|*|-
|-
|*|*|38
|18
|61
|-
|18
|110
|20
|\n|Bangladesh|*|-
|*|*|-
|11
|-
|13
|22
|7
|-
|-
|145
|51
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|*|*|-
|-
|905
|66
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|*|-
|-
|*|5
|*|-
|20
|119
|80
|-
|*|35
|17
|\n|India|5
|*|-
|47
|-
|26
|-
|14
|18
|5
|-
|-
|175
|179
|\n\n\n\n_**19**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 11. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, second quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the second quarter. An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Iraq|-
|30
|111
|251
|-
|74
|64
|-
|13
|5
|167
|*|186
|47
|1,481
|\n|China|-
|282
|58
|37
|-
|*|354
|-
|13
|6
|*|-
|*|160
|67
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|*|608
|360
|-
|*|62
|-
|5
|22
|46
|-
|49
|580
|162
|\n|Somalia|-
|5
|86
|44
|-
|5
|85
|-
|-
|-
|12
|-
|84
|21
|41
|\n|Afghanistan|-
|11
|290
|166
|-
|15
|92
|*|11
|12
|40
|-
|17
|53
|98
|\n|Pakistan|-
|57
|16
|33
|*|-
|72
|*|97
|7
|*|-
|*|71
|62
|\n|Serbia***|-
|*|289
|228
|11
|-
|26
|15
|-
|*|15
|-
|26
|600
|383
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,974
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|\n|Nigeria|-
|*|122
|20
|-
|5
|159
|-
|21
|7
|*|*|15
|80
|129
|\n|Sri Lanka|*|93
|*|41
|-
|5
|216
|5
|123
|*|9
|-
|10
|553
|128
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|33
|41
|144
|-
|*|38
|-
|35
|*|28
|-
|20
|21
|162
|\n|Eritrea|-
|*|*|7
|-
|-
|31
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|24
|58
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|1,142
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|186
|*|\n|Turkey|-
|11
|92
|80
|-
|*|35
|-
|*|26
|11
|-
|8
|498
|338
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|24
|10
|20
|-
|*|23
|-
|51
|-
|5
|-
|*|254
|11
|\n|Colombia|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|727
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|26
|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|*|34
|72
|-
|9
|10
|-
|274
|*|15
|-
|*|5
|175
|\n|Georgia|-
|*|104
|38
|-
|*|15
|-
|22
|7
|*|-
|*|64
|38
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|16
|134
|-
|-
|92
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|*|578
|45
|\n|Mali|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,097
|*|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Montenegro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Iraq|542
|31
|*|48
|176
|*|-
|-
|*|*|*|-
|1,345
|19
|619
|\n|China|14
|15
|-
|34
|17
|5
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|350
|*|19
|\n|Russian Federation|34
|*|-
|6
|*|-
|-
|-
|17
|*|-
|-
|22
|-
|212
|\n|Somalia|25
|63
|-
|41
|654
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|158
|-
|636
|*|272
|\n|Afghanistan|452
|19
|*|24
|416
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|61
|*|189
|\n|Pakistan|1,768
|44
|*|55
|130
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|11
|*|6
|\n|Serbia***|-
|180
|5
|10
|174
|-
|-
|*|-
|50
|-
|-
|5
|-
|200
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Nigeria|244
|9
|*|248
|582
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|65
|-
|15
|-
|70
|\n|Sri Lanka|54
|*|*|5
|39
|18
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|41
|5
|89
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|70
|5
|*|11
|15
|7
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|58
|7
|94
|\n|Eritrea|17
|-
|-
|12
|72
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|17
|-
|40
|-
|426
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Turkey|15
|6
|-
|*|62
|35
|*|*|-
|*|-
|-
|18
|-
|23
|\n|Bangladesh|391
|*|-
|14
|320
|12
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|-
|-
|-
|7
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|6
|*|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|266
|*|-
|8
|8
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|15
|-
|22
|\n|Georgia|617
|51
|*|37
|5
|-
|*|-
|*|*|-
|-
|8
|-
|*|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|*|-
|-
|45
|10
|*|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|*|-
|15
|\n|Mali|-
|-
|-
|-
|24
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|30
|-
|*|-
|-
|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iraq|*|-
|-
|28
|-
|18
|-
|27
|1,240
|288
|-
|1,408
|340
|232
|\n|China|*|-
|*|9
|-
|16
|*|-
|16
|60
|-
|6
|415
|2,595
|\n|Russian Federation|1,382
|-
|-
|8
|-
|45
|*|18
|221
|47
|-
|-
|20
|256
|\n|Somalia|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|33
|842
|232
|-
|116
|415
|85
|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|9
|-
|15
|105
|59
|-
|272
|760
|14
|\n|Pakistan|*|0|*|23
|-
|20
|-
|16
|12
|18
|-
|*|480
|125
|\n|Serbia***|*|-
|-
|6
|-
|6
|18
|*|284
|252
|*|-
|25
|76
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|701
|\n|Nigeria|8
|*|*|-
|*|*|*|165
|40
|211
|-
|*|280
|35
|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|19
|13
|*|-
|-
|-
|32
|6
|268
|-
|10
|395
|99
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|*|16
|143
|69
|-
|596
|510
|74
|\n|Eritrea|-
|5
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|9
|162
|389
|-
|35
|515
|106
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|538
|\n|Turkey|*|-
|-
|18
|-
|*|33
|*|53
|136
|*|-
|50
|26
|\n|Bangladesh|*|-
|16
|*|-
|17
|-
|5
|22
|10
|-
|*|130
|45
|\n|Colombia|-
|7
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|253
|*|6
|-
|-
|10
|249
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|62
|115
|128
|-
|8
|45
|17
|\n|Georgia|12
|*|-
|14
|-
|21
|*|12
|48
|67
|-
|-
|10
|20
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|*|*|6
|-
|-
|-
|-
|30
|17
|49
|-
|33
|100
|18
|\n|Mali|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|5
|-
|-
|-
|39
|\n\n\n\n_**20**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2008
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Albania|Albania|Australia|Australia|Austria|Austria|Belgium|Belgium|Bosnia and H.|Bosnia and H.|\n|Sri Lanka|*|China|282
|Russian Fed.|608
|Russian Fed.|360
|Serbia|11
|\n|||Sri Lanka|93
|Afghanistan|290
|Iraq|251
|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
*|\n|||Malaysia|83
|Serbia|289
|Serbia|228
|Croatia|*|\n|||India|78
|Nigeria|122
|Afghanistan|166
|Pakistan|*|\n|||Pakistan|57
|Iraq|111
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|144
|TfYR Macedonia|*|\n|||Indonesia|48
|Georgia|104
|DR of Congo|134
|||\n|||Zimbabwe|34
|Armenia|93
|Armenia|125
|||\n|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|33
|Turkey|92
|Guinea|116
|||\n|||Iraq|30
|Somalia|86
|Cameroon|98
|||\n|||Rep. of Korea|27
|India|70
|Turkey|80
|||\n|||||||||||\n|Bulgaria|Bulgaria|Canada|Canada|Croatia|Croatia|Cyprus|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Czech Rep.|\n|Iraq|74
|Mexico|1,974
|Serbia|15
|Syrian Arab Rep.|274
|Ukraine|84
|\n|Armenia|18
|Haiti|1,142
|Sri Lanka|5
|Sri Lanka|123
|Mongolia|56
|\n|Stateless|16
|Colombia|727
|Pakistan|*|Pakistan|97
|Turkey|26
|\n|Afghanistan|15
|United States|591
|Belarus|*|India|75
|Russian Fed.|22
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|9
|China|354
|Afghanistan|*|Egypt|54
|Viet Nam|21
|\n|Somalia|5
|Sri Lanka|216
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Bangladesh|51
|Kyrgyzstan|17
|\n|Sri Lanka|5
|Czech Rep.|187
|Montenegro|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|35
|Kazakhstan|15
|\n|Nigeria|5
|India|165
|Unknown|*|Viet Nam|24
|Belarus|14
|\n|Russian Fed.|*|Nigeria|159
|||Georgia|22
|Afghanistan|12
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|El Salvador|141
|||Nigeria|21
|Pakistan|7
|\n|||||||||||\n|Denmark|Denmark|Estonia|Estonia|Finland|Finland|France|France|Germany|Germany|\n|Iraq ****|167
|Iraq|*|Iraq|186
|Mali|1,097
|Iraq|1,481
|\n|Russian Fed.|46
|Nigeria|*|Somalia|84
|Serbia|600
|Serbia|383
|\n|Afghanistan|40
|Senegal|*|Bulgaria|61
|Russian Fed.|580
|Turkey|338
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|28
|||Russian Fed.|49
|DR of Congo|578
|Viet Nam|243
|\n|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
21
|||Serbia **|26
|Sri Lanka|553
|Syrian Arab Rep.|175
|\n|Serbia **|15
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|20
|Turkey|498
|Russian Fed.|162
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|15
|||Afghanistan|17
|Armenia|424
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|162
|\n|Somalia|12
|||Nigeria|15
|Guinea|333
|Lebanon|143
|\n|Turkey|11
|||Romania|15
|Bangladesh|254
|Nigeria|129
|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|||Sri Lanka|10
|Comoros|213
|Sri Lanka|128
|\n|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|\n|Greece|Greece|Hungary|Hungary|Iceland|Iceland|Ireland|Ireland|Italy|Italy|\n|Pakistan|1,768
|Serbia|180
|Serbia|5
|Nigeria|248
|Somalia|654
|\n|Georgia|617
|Somalia|63
|Afghanistan|*|Pakistan|55
|Nigeria|582
|\n|Iraq|542
|Georgia|51
|Georgia|*|Iraq|48
|Afghanistan|416
|\n|Afghanistan|452
|Pakistan|44
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|DR of Congo|45
|Bangladesh|320
|\n|Bangladesh|391
|Iraq|31
|Nigeria|*|Moldova|41
|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|257
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|266
|Afghanistan|19
|Iraq|*|Somalia|41
|Ghana|195
|\n|Nigeria|244
|China|15
|Moldova|*|Georgia|37
|Iraq|176
|\n|India|84
|Nigeria|9
|Pakistan|*|China|34
|Serbia|174
|\n|Senegal|82
|Mongolia|8
|Sri Lanka|*|Sudan|28
|Pakistan|130
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|70
|Cuba|8
|Western Sahara|*|Zimbabwe|28
|Togo|85
|\n|||||||||||\n|Japan|Japan|Latvia|Latvia|Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein|Lithuania|Lithuania|Luxembourg|Luxembourg|\n|Myanmar|209
|Cuba|*|Serbia|*|Russian Fed.|17
|Serbia|50
|\n|Turkey|35
|Georgia|*|Armenia|*|Cuba|*|Belarus|5
|\n|Sri Lanka|18
|Senegal|*|Germany|*|DR of Congo|*|Cameroon|5
|\n|Ethiopia|18
|Turkey|*|TfYR Macedonia|*|Belarus|*|Montenegro|5
|\n|Bangladesh|12
|||Turkey|*|Uzbekistan|*|Bosnia and H.|*|\n|Cameroon|10
|||||Georgia|*|Nigeria|*|\n|Nepal|9
|||||Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Albania|*|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7
|||||Iraq|*|Turkey|*|\n|China|5
|||||Angola|*|Somalia|*
|\n|Liberia|*|||||Tajikistan|*|Gambia|*|\n\n\n\n_**21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2008 (continued)
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Malta|Malta|Montenegro|Montenegro|Netherlands|Netherlands|New Zealand|New Zealand|Norway|Norway|\n|Somalia|158
|Albania|*|Iraq|1,345
|Iraq|19
|Iraq|619
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|100
|Belarus|*|Somalia|636
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7
|Eritrea|426
|\n|Nigeria|65
|||China|350
|Sri Lanka|5
|Somalia|272
|\n|Ethiopia|58
|||Afghanistan|61
|China|*|Russian Fed.|212
|\n|Togo|42
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|58
|Afghanistan|*|Serbia|200
|\n|Niger|35
|||Sri Lanka|41
|Myanmar|*|Afghanistan|189
|\n|Ghana|32
|||Eritrea|40
|India|*|Stateless|168
|\n|Mali|30
|||Sierra Leone|39
|Nepal|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|94
|\n|Burkina Faso|18
|||Armenia|31
|Ethiopia|*|Sri Lanka|89
|\n|Eritrea|17
|||Guinea|29
|Zimbabwe|*|Nigeria|70
|\n|||||||||||\n|Poland|Poland|Portugal|Portugal|Rep. of Korea|Rep. of Korea|Romania|Romania|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|\n|Russian Fed.|1,382
|Sri Lanka|19
|Bangladesh|16
|India|35
|Ethiopia|*|\n|Viet Nam|19
|Colombia|7
|Sri Lanka|13
|Iraq|28
|Chad|*|\n|Georgia|12
|Eritrea|5
|Myanmar|11
|Pakistan|23
|Nigeria|*|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|Congo|5
|DR of Congo|6
|Turkey|18
|||\n|Nigeria|8
|DR of Congo|*|Uganda|5
|Georgia|14
|||\n|Armenia|8
|Nigeria|*|Pakistan|*|China|9
|||\n|Belarus|8
|Angola|*|Nigeria|*|Russian Fed.|8
|||\n|Ukraine|7
|Guinea-Bissau|*|Ethiopia|*|Serbia|6
|||\n|Uzbekistan|6
|Peru|*|China|*|Israel|*|||\n|Mongolia|*|Georgia|*|Ghana|*|Moldova|*|||\n|||||||||||\n|Slovakia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Slovenia|Spain|Spain|Sweden|Sweden|Switzerland|Switzerland|\n|Russian Fed.|45
|Turkey|33
|Colombia|253
|Iraq|1,240
|Eritrea|389
|\n|Moldova|40
|Serbia|18
|Nigeria|165
|Somalia|842
|Iraq|288
|\n|Georgia|21
|Cuba|*|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|121
|Serbia|284
|Sri Lanka|268
|\n|Pakistan|20
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Syrian Arab Rep.|62
|Stateless|229
|Serbia|252
|\n|India|19
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Sudan|49
|Russian Fed.|221
|Somalia|232
|\n|Iraq|18
|Albania|*|Algeria|41
|Libyan Arab Jamah.|
179
|Nigeria|211
|\n|Bangladesh|17
|Bosnia and H.|*|Cuba|36
|Uzbekistan|171
|Turkey|136
|\n|China|16
|China|*|Somalia|33
|Eritrea|162
|Syrian Arab Rep.|128
|\n|Viet Nam|11
|Georgia|*|Sri Lanka|32
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|143
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|69
|\n|Ukraine|9
|Russian Fed.|*|DR of Congo|30
|Mongolia|139
|Georgia|67
|\n|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|\n\n\n|TfYR Macedonia|Col2|Turkey|Col4|United Kingdom|Col6|United States***|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Serbia|*|Iraq|1,408
|Zimbabwe|900
|China|2,595
|\n|Albania|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|596
|Afghanistan|760
|El Salvador|763
|\n|Stateless|*|Afghanistan|272
|Eritrea|515
|Mexico|701
|\n|Turkey|*|Somalia|116
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|510
|Haiti|538
|\n|||Sudan|59
|Pakistan|480
|Guatemala|466
|\n|||Eritrea|35
|Somalia|415
|Ethiopia|306
|\n|||DR of Congo|33
|China|415
|Russian Fed.|256
|\n|||Occup. Palest. Terr.|
16
|Sri Lanka|395
|Colombia|249
|\n|||Uzbekistan|15
|Iraq|340
|Iraq|232
|\n|||Sri Lanka|10
|Nigeria|280
|Honduras|207
|\n\n\n\n_**22**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 13. Asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, January to June 2008
See footnotes at the bottom of Table 1.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Albania|-
|5
|-
|-
|2
|-
|7
|\n|Australia|302
|315
|323
|349
|343
|332
|1,964
|\n|Austria|1,115
|888
|812
|889
|834
|810
|5,348
|\n|Belgium|1,097
|918
|926
|907
|899
|971
|5,718
|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1
|17
|34
|10
|4
|2
|68
|\n|Bulgaria|86
|88
|62
|53
|77
|51
|417
|\n|Canada|2,983
|2,904
|2,521
|2,957
|2,722
|2,732
|16,819
|\n|Croatia|20
|13
|5
|9
|14
|7
|68
|\n|Cyprus|254
|440
|423
|310
|312
|274
|2,013
|\n|Czech Rep.|212
|188
|182
|137
|98
|114
|931
|\n|Denmark|238
|176
|128
|159
|153
|142
|996
|\n|Estonia|2
|1
|-
|1
|2
|-
|6
|\n|Finland|164
|104
|118
|137
|209
|260
|992
|\n|France|2,486
|2,714
|2,449
|2,883
|2,319
|2,779
|15,630
|\n|Germany|2,397
|1,818
|1,545
|1,694
|1,599
|1,672
|10,725
|\n|Greece|1,686
|1,724
|1,506
|1,714
|1,791
|1,743
|10,164
|\n|Hungary|241
|241
|227
|173
|196
|148
|1,226
|\n|Iceland|7
|4
|2
|3
|7
|9
|32
|\n|Ireland|329
|296
|299
|299
|301
|329
|1,853
|\n|Italy|1,007
|1,137
|893
|1,550
|1,390
|1,240
|7,217
|\n|Japan|89
|92
|126
|104
|132
|128
|671
|\n|Latvia|2
|1
|1
|-
|1
|4
|9
|\n|Liechtenstein|4
|4
|2
|1
|1
|4
|16
|\n|Lithuania|11
|7
|15
|15
|10
|8
|66
|\n|Luxembourg|44
|26
|29
|45
|21
|33
|198
|\n|Malta|218
|150
|110
|202
|189
|232
|1,101
|\n|Montenegro|-
|3
|-
|-
|1
|1
|5
|\n|Netherlands|908
|862
|886
|929
|1,011
|1,169
|5,765
|\n|New Zealand|22
|17
|32
|21
|22
|20
|134
|\n|Norway|864
|783
|832
|852
|999
|1,073
|5,403
|\n|Poland|359
|634
|510
|566
|462
|479
|3,010
|\n|Portugal|7
|13
|11
|16
|12
|34
|93
|\n|Rep. of Korea|59
|19
|24
|23
|22
|25
|172
|\n|Romania|42
|54
|93
|39
|46
|84
|358
|\n|Serbia|5
|9
|11
|4
|3
|-
|32
|\n|Slovakia|45
|61
|66
|75
|75
|97
|419
|\n|Slovenia|17
|14
|11
|15
|45
|12
|114
|\n|Spain|372
|442
|336
|444
|420
|347
|2,361
|\n|Sweden|3,194
|2,209
|1,644
|1,839
|1,752
|1,629
|12,267
|\n|Switzerland|1,048
|859
|879
|1,086
|902
|1,171
|5,945
|\n|TfYR Macedonia|2
|1
|4
|1
|2
|3
|13
|\n|Turkey|666
|919
|625
|812
|903
|914
|4,839
|\n|United Kingdom|2,705
|2,510
|2,490
|2,270
|2,185
|2,385
|14,545
|\n|United States (EOIR)|1,126
|1,056
|1,156
|1,381
|1,280
|1,092
|7,091
|\n|United States (DHS)|3,018
|3,079
|2,905
|2,948
|3,380
|2,958
|18,288
|\n|EU-old (15)|17,749
|15,837
|14,072
|15,775
|14,896
|15,543
|93,872
|\n|EU-new (12)|1,489
|1,879
|1,700
|1,586
|1,513
|1,503
|9,670
|\n|EU-total (27)|19,238
|17,716
|15,772
|17,361
|16,409
|17,046
|103,542
|\n|Nordic region (5)|4,467
|3,276
|2,724
|2,990
|3,120
|3,113
|19,690
|\n|Western Europe (19)|19,672
|17,487
|15,787
|17,717
|16,805
|17,800
|105,268
|\n|Central Europe (11)|1,037
|1,302
|1,172
|1,083
|1,026
|1,004
|6,624
|\n|Southern Europe (8)|4,210
|4,830
|3,904
|5,048
|5,019
|4,784
|27,795
|\n|Europe (38)|21,855
|20,333
|18,166
|20,139
|19,247
|20,230
|119,970
|\n|Non-Europe (6)|7,599
|7,482
|7,087
|7,783
|7,901
|7,287
|45,139
|\n|North America (2)|7,127
|7,039
|6,582
|7,286
|7,382
|6,782
|42,198
|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|324
|332
|355
|370
|365
|352
|2,098
|\n|**Total (44)**|**29,454**
|**27,815**
|**25,253**
|**27,922**
|**27,148**
|**27,517**
|**165,109**
|\n\n\n\n_**23**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 14. Monthly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries by origin, 2008
Top-40 ranking based on applications lodged during June 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Jan.|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Iraq|4,451
|3,500
|2,714
|2,826
|2,951
|3,026
|19,468
|\n|China|1,432
|1,258
|1,410
|1,589
|1,564
|1,412
|8,665
|\n|Somalia|1,417
|998
|1,045
|1,203
|1,362
|1,396
|7,421
|\n|Russian Federation|1,990
|1,812
|1,372
|1,433
|1,449
|1,314
|9,370
|\n|Afghanistan|1,136
|1,083
|839
|1,095
|1,009
|1,103
|6,265
|\n|Pakistan|1,039
|1,111
|1,041
|1,086
|1,034
|1,023
|6,334
|\n|Serbia*|1,267
|1,106
|966
|1,038
|897
|958
|6,232
|\n|Mexico|802
|943
|769
|830
|987
|862
|5,193
|\n|Nigeria|749
|765
|748
|947
|784
|823
|4,816
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|926
|751
|723
|746
|721
|742
|4,609
|\n|Eritrea|789
|764
|561
|599
|597
|734
|4,044
|\n|Sri Lanka|696
|810
|793
|851
|731
|710
|4,591
|\n|Haiti|592
|636
|545
|687
|644
|544
|3,648
|\n|Zimbabwe|339
|348
|476
|289
|354
|524
|2,330
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|392
|397
|373
|355
|432
|511
|2,460
|\n|Turkey|642
|672
|660
|595
|491
|510
|3,570
|\n|India|325
|315
|369
|390
|361
|444
|2,204
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|442
|425
|390
|442
|349
|425
|2,473
|\n|Georgia|285
|347
|315
|404
|413
|412
|2,176
|\n|Colombia|425
|458
|416
|520
|387
|397
|2,603
|\n|Mali|211
|171
|255
|447
|370
|396
|1,850
|\n|Armenia|341
|309
|301
|328
|314
|383
|1,976
|\n|Bangladesh|322
|448
|446
|479
|536
|377
|2,608
|\n|Guinea|294
|290
|286
|296
|254
|313
|1,733
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|300
|315
|257
|300
|241
|306
|1,719
|\n|El Salvador|266
|252
|270
|365
|287
|276
|1,716
|\n|Ethiopia|255
|244
|230
|254
|248
|246
|1,477
|\n|Algeria|276
|271
|236
|233
|216
|234
|1,466
|\n|Stateless|236
|235
|154
|190
|228
|205
|1,248
|\n|Cameroon|175
|187
|193
|230
|204
|200
|1,189
|\n|United States|188
|205
|182
|235
|185
|184
|1,179
|\n|Sudan|196
|171
|141
|193
|174
|178
|1,053
|\n|Ghana|138
|98
|132
|152
|158
|161
|839
|\n|Guatemala|153
|189
|177
|193
|202
|156
|1,070
|\n|Myanmar|144
|145
|144
|139
|170
|151
|893
|\n|Uzbekistan|91
|110
|93
|86
|122
|142
|644
|\n|Egypt|146
|110
|99
|110
|132
|141
|738
|\n|Viet Nam|186
|187
|141
|171
|147
|138
|970
|\n|Albania|148
|162
|135
|157
|156
|137
|895
|\n|Burundi|86
|68
|50
|71
|69
|132
|476
|\n|Other|4,306
|4,268
|3,977
|4,525
|4,253
|4,347
|25,676
|\n|Total|28,594
|26,934
|24,424
|27,079
|26,183
|26,673
|159,887
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**24**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6914052367210388, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9716846346855164, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9548293352127075, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n**Table 15. Top-40 countries of origin by main asylum region, second quarter 2008**\nSort order based on June data.\n\n|Industrialized countries (44 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,826|2,951|3,026|8,803|\n|China|1,589|1,564|1,412|4,565|\n|Somalia|1,203|1,362|1,396|3,961|\n|Russian Fed.|1,433|1,449|1,314|4,196|\n|Afghanistan|1,095|1,009|1,103|3,207|\n|Pakistan|1,086|1,034|1,023|3,143|\n|Serbia*|1,038|897|958|2,893|\n|Mexico|830|987|862|2,679|\n|Nigeria|947|784|823|2,554|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|746|721|742|2,209|\n|Eritrea|599|597|734|1,930|\n|Sri Lanka|851|731|710|2,292|\n|Haiti|687|644|544|1,875|\n|Zimbabwe|289|354|524|1,167|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|355|432|511|1,298|\n|Turkey|595|491|510|1,596|\n|India|390|361|444|1,195|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|442|349|425|1,216|\n|Georgia|404|413|412|1,229|\n|Colombia|520|387|397|1,304|\n|Mali|447|370|396|1,213|\n|Armenia|328|314|383|1,025|\n|Bangladesh|479|536|377|1,392|\n|Guinea|296|254|313|863|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|300|241|306|847|\n|El Salvador|365|287|276|928|\n|Ethiopia|254|248|246|748|\n|Algeria|233|216|234|683|\n|Stateless|190|228|205|623|\n|Cameroon|230|204|200|634|\n|United States|235|185|184|604|\n|Sudan|193|174|178|545|\n|Ghana|152|158|161|471|\n|Guatemala|193|202|156|551|\n|Myanmar|139|170|151|460|\n|Uzbekistan|86|122|142|350|\n|Egypt|110|132|141|383|\n|Viet Nam|171|147|138|456|\n|Albania|157|156|137|450|\n|Burundi|71|69|132|272|\n|Other|4,525|4,253|4,347|13,125|\n|Total|27,079|26,183|26,673|79,935|\n\n\n\n**Note**\n\n|Europe (38 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,708|2,829|2,919|8,456|\n|Somalia|1,156|1,292|1,337|3,785|\n|Russian Fed.|1,364|1,314|1,196|3,874|\n|Afghanistan|1,055|964|1,068|3,087|\n|Serbia*|996|857|937|2,790|\n|Pakistan|998|948|936|2,882|\n|Nigeria|866|725|762|2,353|\n|Eritrea|551|550|691|1,792|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|692|669|689|2,050|\n|Sri Lanka|676|595|577|1,848|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|348|419|501|1,268|\n|Turkey|551|466|472|1,489|\n|Zimbabwe|240|302|444|986|\n|Georgia|396|394|403|1,193|\n|Mali|428|350|392|1,170|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|402|313|380|1,095|\n|China|536|409|377|1,322|\n|Armenia|307|290|355|952|\n|Bangladesh|430|507|334|1,271|\n|India|232|221|300|753|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|275|219|285|779|\n|Guinea|258|216|279|753|\n|Algeria|226|214|226|666|\n|Stateless|175|206|194|575|\n|Sudan|171|153|159|483|\n|Ghana|138|148|153|439|\n|Ethiopia|99|125|137|361|\n|Cameroon|158|126|137|421|\n|Viet Nam|154|133|122|409|\n|Uzbekistan|67|105|119|291|\n|Azerbaijan|129|126|114|369|\n|Burundi|51|50|113|214|\n|Albania|110|101|112|323|\n|Congo|79|82|106|267|\n|Senegal|80|92|105|277|\n|Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya|68|94|102|264|\n|Angola|125|91|99|315|\n|Morocco|64|71|98|233|\n|Lebanon|111|116|93|320|\n|Egypt|67|75|90|232|\n|Other|2,601|2,291|2,318|7,210|\n|Total|20,138|19,248|20,231|59,617|\n\n\n- Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.\n\n\n_**25**_\n\n\n|European Union (27 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,055|2,014|2,071|6,140|\n|Russian Fed.|1,286|1,207|1,122|3,615|\n|Somalia|990|1,073|1,102|3,165|\n|Pakistan|990|935|925|2,850|\n|Afghanistan|865|819|879|2,563|\n|Serbia*|808|713|781|2,302|\n|Nigeria|774|642|651|2,067|\n|Sri Lanka|567|462|444|1,473|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|292|381|437|1,110|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|431|422|436|1,289|\n|Zimbabwe|232|298|432|962|\n|Turkey|486|423|419|1,328|\n|Mali|427|349|389|1,165|\n|Georgia|377|382|362|1,121|\n|Eritrea|283|299|360|942|\n|Armenia|302|289|348|939|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|378|281|339|998|\n|China|512|389|336|1,237|\n|Bangladesh|427|500|332|1,259|\n|India|220|213|295|728|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|256|211|267|734|\n|Guinea|221|205|250|676|\n|Algeria|210|197|205|612|\n|Ghana|130|144|149|423|\n|Cameroon|145|118|130|393|\n|Stateless|117|145|121|383|\n|Viet Nam|153|125|116|394|\n|Sudan|151|119|115|385|\n|Azerbaijan|120|116|109|345|\n|Burundi|46|44|106|196|\n|Albania|104|96|104|304|\n|Congo|79|82|104|265|\n|Senegal|76|90|102|268|\n|Angola|104|79|93|276|\n|Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya|60|76|90|226|\n|Morocco|57|65|90|212|\n|Uzbekistan|64|81|89|234|\n|Lebanon|98|107|89|294|\n|Ethiopia|69|76|88|233|\n|Egypt|65|71|83|219|\n|Other|2,333|2,072|2,087|6,492|\n|Total|17,360|16,410|17,047|50,817|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/23a5c42e-d6f6-3bd9-8726-f2a167ec4323/F3A878E16DC0A504852574E5005BAF3B-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_385/raw/doc_385_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_385/raw/doc_385_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ff4a508cc0a8e02055a7cbb4354a9941dbe30c99..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_385/raw/doc_385_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 187**\n\n# **Reconceiving refugees and** **internally displaced persons** **as transitional justice actors**\n\n\n**Dr Susan Harris Rimmer**\n\n\nThe Australian National University\n\n\nE-mail: Susan.Harris-Rimmer@anu.edu.au\n\n\nApril 2010\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online\nunder \u201epublications\u201f at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper constitutes a plea to the academic and practitioner community to conduct\nresearch in an emerging area. [1] Current discussions about transitional justice in a postconflict state tend to ignore the issue of who is included in and excluded from transitional\njustice decisions, including forcibly displaced persons. There is no existing study of\nrefugees or IDPs and their relation to transitional justice. I argue for research which could\nlead to both innovative programs in refugee and IDP camps but also improved\nsustainability of peace-building efforts in the country of origin. Moreover, such research\ncould foreground wider issues of coherence and effectiveness for the current UN system\nabout the prevention of forced displacement.\n\n\nThe 1951 Refugee Convention [2] deliberately excludes all mention of civil and political\nrights once a person has attained refugee status, although a person accorded refugee\nstatus thereby holds economic, social and cultural rights such as housing, education and\naccess to work. [3] Conversely though, the conferral of refugee status is confined to those\nindividuals who suffer breaches of civil and political rights. [4]\n\n\nOther motivations for forced migration, such as hunger, lack of education prospects or\ngeneralised oppression, are not recognised grounds for refugee status. In other words, the\ninternational community tends to only concern themselves with the civil and political life\nof an asylum-seeker when assessing refugee status, and has no regard for their civil and\npolitical life after such status has been acquired.\n\n\nThe link between forcible displacement and transitional justice at present is to focus only\non accountability for forced displacement where it is categorized as an international\nviolation. [5] The field of transitional justice has traditionally been heavily focused on\ninstitutions within national borders. Truth commissions in Sierra Leone, Guatemala, Peru,\nand Timor-Leste (as assessed below) have investigated displacement as a human rights\nviolation and its impact on the populations of those countries, but often in an ad hoc or\nconstricted manner, and without a conscious strategy.\n\n\n1\nA fuller exposition of these issues can be found in Susan Harris-Rimmer, Reconceiving Refugees and\nInternally Displaced Persons as Transitional Justice Actors CIJG Issues Paper No. 8, March 2009, available\nat . Thank you to the\nmembers of the Transitional Justice Network email list for many generous comments on the original\nproposal.\n2 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted on 28 July 1951, as amended by the 1967 Protocol.\nSee Articles 17 to 24.\n3 Guglielmo Verdirame and Barbara Harrell-Bond (with Zachary Lomo and Hannah Garry). _Rights in_\n_Exile: Janus-Faced Humanitarianism._ New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2005.\n4 Article 1 of the Convention as amended by the 1967 Protocol provides the definition of a refugee as: a\nperson who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is\nunable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not\nhaving a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such\nevents, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.\n5 See further Maria Stavropoulou, \u201cDisplacement and Human Rights: Reflections on UN Practice,\u201d _Human_\n_Rights Quarterly_ 20, no 3 (1998): 515-554.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "One notable recent exception is the Liberian truth commission, which specifically sought\nto integrate people in the Diaspora, collecting statements from victims in countries across\nWest Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone) and further afield (UK, US) and\nconducting public hearings in the US. [6]\n\n\nThere is evidence of emerging and innovative practice in this field. David Backer at the\nCollege of William & Mary has been directing a research project to examine victims'\nresponses to the transitional justice processes in Liberia as well as Ghana, Nigeria and\nSierra Leone. The surveys conducted by his team ask the respondents whether they have\nbeen internally displaced or relocated to other countries as refugees or exiles (grouping\nthese categories together, the shares range from 24 percent in Ghana to 84 percent in\nSierra Leone), so they have the ability to assess how those experiences may correlate\nwith other sets of attitudes and behaviours. In addition, to take account of the unique\ndimensions of the Liberian process, Backer\u201fs team has recruited small numbers of\nrespondents from refugee communities in both Ghana (23 individuals) and Sierra Leone\n(20). [7]\n\n\nCriminal prosecutions can target perpetrators of violations that lead to displacement, such\nas the deportation and forcible transfer of population cases at the International Criminal\nTribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). [8] Reparations programs may distribute\nbenefits to displaced persons for the violations that caused them to flee, for those they\nsuffered while displaced, or for the crime of displacement itself, as has happened in\nGuatemala. [9] Restitution programs may restore lost land, homes, and property, such as\noccurred in post-war Bosnia.\n\n\nMore generally, transitional justice mechanisms are limited in their outreach to displaced\npopulations who remain outside borders. Populations are often surveyed about their\nattitudes to transitional justice options, such as the recent major surveys of Afghans, [10]\nUgandans, [11] and Bosnians; [12] but not one survey has ever asked refugee or IDP\npopulations their views, even those in neighbouring countries. This gap highlights the\nidea that international definitions of democracy typically take a minimalist or \u201ethin\u201f form\nin post-conflict societies, simply associating democracy with regular elections. This\n\n6\nThe Advocates for Human Rights, \u201eA House With Two Rooms\u201f, _Final report of the Liberia TRC_\n_Diaspora Project_, 2009.\n7 See further David Backer,. \"Victims' Responses to Truth Commissions: Evidence from South Africa.\" In\nMuna Ndulo ed., _Security, Reconciliation and Reconstruction: When the Wars End_, London: University\nCollege of London Press, 2006: and David Backer, \u201eCross-National Comparative Analysis\u201f. in Audrey\nChapman, Hugo van der Merwe and Victoria Baxter eds., _Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice:_\n_Challenges for Empirical Research_, Washington, DC: USIP Press, 2006.\n8 _Prosecutor v. Mom\u010dilo Kraji\u0161nik_, Case No. IT-00-39-A, 17 March 2009.\n9 Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, \u201eGuatemala: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations\u201f, in _What_\n_Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations_, ed. Ruth Rubio-Mar\u00edn,\nNew York: Social Science Research Council, 2006.\n10 Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. _A call for Justice: Conclusion of National_\n_Consultation on Transitional Justice in Afghanistan._ Kabul: Afghanistan Independent Human Rights\nCommission, 2005\n11 International Center for Transitional Justice and the Human Rights Center, University of California,\nBerkeley, _Forgotten Voices: A Population-Based Survey On Attitudes About Peace And Justice In Northern_\n_Uganda_, July 2005.\n12 Stephan Parmentier, _Restorative Justice: exploring the missing link between transitional justice and_\n_peace-building,_ RegNet Seminar, ANU, Canberra, 23 September 2008.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6455549001693726, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "David Backer", - "confidence": 0.8469066619873047, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Liberia", - "confidence": 0.5171485543251038, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "forms an inadequate basis for building democracy in post-conflict societies or pursuing\ntransitional justice strategies. A principle of \u201edemocratic inclusion\u201f can usefully guide\nattempts to develop better processes. To test the boundaries of this idea of democratic\ninclusion, this paper has conducted an exploration of the difficult case of female refugees\nlocated outside transitional justice processes, and what can be done to better address their\nneeds.\n\n\nWhat is also missing from emerging practice is a focus on the linkages between forced\ndisplacement and transitional justice outside a violations context. For example, I ask the\nquestion - do refugees and IDPs have a right to be consulted about peace agreements in\ntheir country of origin? One aspect of the inquiry could be processes which prepare and\ninclude refugees and IDPs to participate in governance decisions in a broader postconflict development context. Refugees have a primary interest to be actively involved in\nprocesses that improve the conditions in their countries of origin.\n\n\nThe challenge for any such engagement, similar to refugees seeking to participate in\nelections in the home country, is that the refugee would need to forego their anonymity\nand expose the fact that they have sought refuge elsewhere. This makes refugees\nsometimes reluctant to engage as the lack of transitional justice is the very reasons they\ncontinue to fear return. For IDPs there is a clear link to human rights obligations to allow\nparticipation of citizens in political processes. New research could help overcome some\nof these challenges.\n\n\nThe significance of this quest lies in foregrounding the ethics of if, how, and when the\ninternational community could include refugees and IDPs in transitional justice decisions,\nincluding constitution drafting, new parliaments, trials, and truth commissions, but also\nbroader state-building and governance issues such as legislative agendas, security sector\nreform, justice sector reform, national development plans, budgets and so on. Most\nrefugees will return to their country of origin at some point, but there are still\nconsiderable democratic and practical issues to be examined if a general principle of\ndemocratic inclusion to this group while they are outside the border. This is particularly\nimportant when considering caseloads in protected situations, such as Sri Lanka, or the\nThai-Burma border.\n\n\nThe practical benefits of such research might be the better calibration of decisions about\nassisted voluntary returns, and better methods of monitoring the rights of returnees (at the\nmoment there is a heavy focus on personal security, employment and housing). The\nstrategic benefit of this kind of research is to 'widen the protection space', by which they\nmean to make sure displacement issues are part of the political discussions, not just relief.\n\n\nThe larger question is whether a deeper understanding of the dynamics of refugee and\nIDP participation in such processes might lead to greater stability, and identify the root\ncauses of conflict in the country of origin. The demographic profile of many refugee and\nIDP cohorts show a majority of women, children, elderly and people with disabilities.\nThese groups are traditionally excluded from public decision-making, which adds a\nfurther human rights dimension central to the value of this research. In this light, we need\nto explore some strategic questions emerging from a feminist consideration of the current\ndebates over the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine, SC 1325 and refugee law,\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "contextualized by the experience of women in the Asia-Pacific region facing forced\ndisplacement.\n\n\nThis paper seeks to test the value of the proposition that we should reconceive of\ndisplaced persons as transitional justice actors against a recent case study. I evaluate the\nparticipation of refugee and displaced women in the Commission for Reception, Truthseeking, and Reconciliation (Comiss\u00e3o de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconcilia\u00e7\u00e3o de\nTimor Leste or CAVR) in Timor Leste, and the representation of their testimony in the\nfinal _Chega!_ _Report_ . The CAVR is a unique truth commission process because of the\naddition of the \u201ereception\u201f function to encourage returns from West Timor, and so\nprovides a useful point of entry to this discussion.\n\n\n**The CAVR and displaced persons: a gendered perspective**\n\n\nThe _Chega! Report_ has been successful in acknowledging issues facing women in a\ntransitional justice context. The Report is an important historical document which fulfills\nthe truth-telling aim of transitional justice mechanisms. [13] Restorative justice is designed\nto be victim-focused, and the CAVR was more successful than any other mechanism in\nTimor in involving, recognising and telling the truth about women as victims and\nsurvivors, mostly because women were better represented in its processes, and women\nwith significant expertise in gender issues were in important leading roles. The CAVR\u201fs\nCommunity Reconciliation Process and Urgent Reparations program were both\ninnovative and important for the women it reached.\n\n\nHowever, as presented in this paper, the CAVR faced some serious challenges in meeting\nthe needs of displaced women, as well as from political factors outside its control; such as\nthe tardy acceptance of the final report by the Timorese Government, the failure of the\nconcurrent UN serious crimes process to claim jurisdiction over crimes in West Timor,\nand the refusal of the Jakarta trials to acknowledge gender persecution.\n\n\nI also conclude that the obligation to punish gender-based crimes was in part \u201etraded\u201f for\nthe political outcome of encouraging militia to return from West Timor. Proper exclusion\ninterviews were never conducted under the 1951 Refugee Convention by the UN refugee\nagency UNHCR, which if they had been conducted may have prevented those individuals\nwho had committed war crimes from being considered refugees deserving of protection\nin West Timor at all, and prevented their return to East Timor. This is only barely\nacknowledged in the _acolhimento_ section of the _Chega! Report_ (roughly translated as\n\u201ereception\u201f).\n\n\nThe _Chega! Report_ succeeds in showing some gender-dimensions of the violence, and\nwhat has happened to women in this situation in the independence era. Instead of heroes,\nthe report shows that women are often treated as collaborators with the Indonesians. But\nthe gendered nature of the refugee experience, such a prominent factor in the Timorese\nconflict in 1999, is left largely untold. Partly because refugee protection and transitional\njustice goals were not synchronised, and more often working at cross-purposes, the\n\n\n13 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). Chega! Final Report of the Commission\nfor Reception, Truth and Reconciliation. Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, 2005.\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "overall ability to meet the goals of either were compromised, to the detriment of the most\nvulnerable.\n\n\n**Background to the Commission**\n\n\nEast Timor's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) was\nestablished in 2001 as an independent authority with a mandate to investigate violations\nof international law from 1974 to 1999. The Final Report entitled _Chega!_ (\u201eEnough\u201f in\nPortuguese) was released in 2006. [14] The CAVR had three core programmes: truthseeking, community reconciliation, and reception and victim support.\n\n\nA novel aspect of the CAVR mandate compared to most truth commissions was to focus\non the reception of up to 85 thousand refugees from West Timor (part of Indonesia),\ndisplaced or forcibly deported during the 1999 violence, especially during the month of\nSeptember. The UN found that most of these refugees were forcibly evacuated by armed\nmilitia and Indonesian troops. The approximately 250,000 refugees who fled or were\nforcibly evacuated to West Timor were accommodated in several large refugee camps,\nsuch as Noelbaki, Tuapukan and Naibonat in Kupang, two camps in Kefamenanu as well\nas about 200 other smaller camps or shelters. They represented about one third of East\nTimor\u201fs population at the time. [15]\n\n\nProper exclusion interviews were never conducted under the 1951 Refugee Convention\nby the UN refugee agency UNHCR, [16] which may have prevented those individuals who\nhad committed war crimes from being considered refugees deserving of protection in\nWest Timor at all. This is only barely acknowledged in the _acolhimento_ section of the\n_Chega! Report_ (roughly translated as \u201ereception\u201f).\n\n\n**The reception function of the CAVR and exclusion concerns**\n\n\nThe UN refugee agency UNHCR had a presence in Kupang from May 1999 to try to\nprovide emergency relief and protection to the refugees, and coordinate returnees to East\nTimor. [17] UNHCR\u201fs efforts were hampered by Indonesian soldiers and East Timorese\nmilitia, who tightly controlled the refugees\u201f movement in and out of these camps, as well\nas their access to humanitarian aid. [18] Conditions in the camps were very difficult, both in\n\n\n14 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). _Chega!_ _Final Report of the Commission_\n_for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation._ Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, 2005.\n15 Chris Dolan, Judith Large and Naoko Obi, Evaluation _of UNHCR\u2019s repatriation and reintegration_\n_programme in East Timor,1999-2003_, EPAU/2004/02, February 2004, p. 1 and 88.\n16 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 189 U.N.T.S. 150, entered into force April 22, 1954,\nas amended by the 1967 Protocol 606 U.N.T.S. 267.\n\n17 United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, \u201eUNHCR News, Timor Emergency Update\u201f, 25\nNovember 1999. Of the 110,000 initial returns in late 1999, over 65,000 were reportedly spontaneous, the\nrest assisted by UNHCR. The mandate of UNHCR is contained in the Statute of the Office of the United\nNations High Commissioner for Refugees, Annex to UNGA Res. 428(V), 14 Dec. 1950.\n18 Extracted from Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). _Chega!_ _Final Report of_\n_the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation._ Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and\nReconciliation, 2005, Part 10, p. 6. See also \u201eIndonesia: UNHCR Asks Government to Control Militias\u201f,\n_Refugees Daily_, 10 November 1999.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "terms of living standards and human rights standards. [19] Refugees returned to East Timor\nin phases, with 60 000 still remaining when the CAVR began its mandate in 2002. Many\nhad been supporters of integration before the Popular Consultation and some had been\nactive members of the militia in their communities.\n\n\nAfter the referendum violence, then President Xanana Gusm\u00e3o felt that the first priority\nshould be securing East Timor\u201fs stability and literally rebuilding the new nation, which\nrequired the majority of the population in the West Timor camps (including the former\nmilitia leaders) to return. Gusm\u00e3o believed the former militias would pose less of a threat\nback in Timor. [20]\n\n\nWhile there were debates about this strategy, in the end militia were encouraged to return\nwith the understanding that those responsible for serious crimes would be prosecuted at a\nlater date once the judicial system was up and running. UNTAET\u201fs Chief of Staff, in\nclose co-operation with Xanana Gusm\u00e3o, and with the full endorsement of the Special\nRepresentative of the Secretary General, took the lead on pursuing this approach from\nOctober 2000 onwards. Some of Gusm\u00e3o\u201fs strategies, notably the \u201ewining and dining\u201f of\nmilitia leaders in expensive Dili restaurants, were controversial within various parts of\nthe UN mission. [21]\n\n\nThe problem was that some of these militia were almost certainly involved with violence\nand forced deportations during 1999 and ongoing violations of women and children in\nWest Timor camps. The head of the UNHCR office Bernard Kerblatt informed the world\nthat refugees were in \u201ea hostage-like situation, with women and children tightly\ncontrolled by extremist elements\u201f. [22]\n\n\nThe most well-known example of a person in this situation was Juliana dos Santos,\nkidnapped as a \u201ewar prize\u201f at age 16 by Igidio Mnanek, the deputy leader of the notorious\nLaksaur militia after a massacre in the Suai church. Under the 1951 Refugee Convention,\npersons who fulfil the definition of a refugee under Article 1A can be excluded from that\nstatus if there are serious reasons that person could be found \u201enot deserving of\ninternational protection\u201f under Article 1F. These reasons include having committed war\ncrimes or crimes against humanity, serious non-political crimes, or acts contrary to the\npurposes and principles of the UN. [23] Armed combatants are meant to be separated from\ncivilian asylum-seekers. [24]\n\n\n19 Human Rights Watch, _Indonesia/ East Timor: Forced Expulsions to West Timor and the Refugee Crisis_\nVol. 11, No. 7 (c), December 1999.\n20 Fabrizio Hochschild, 'It is better to leave, we can't protect you': Flight in the first months of the United\nNations Transitional Administrations in Kosovo and East Timor. (2004) _Journal of Refugee Studies_ 17\n(3):286-300.\n21\nChris Dolan, Judith Large and Naoko Obi, _Evaluation of UNHCR\u2019s repatriation and reintegration_\n_programme in East Timor,1999-2003_, EPAU/2004/02, February 2004, p. 1 and 88.\n22 Victoria Brittain, \u201eTraumatised Timorese Women\u201f, _The Guardian_, Dili, 30 July 2001.\n23\nUNHCR Guidelines on International Protection: Application of the Exclusion Clauses: Article 1F of the\n1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, HCR/GIP/03/05, 4 September 2003.\n24 According to international standards governing the protection and assistance for refugees, the strictly\ncivilian and humanitarian nature of refugee camps and settlements must be upheld in order to preserve the\npeaceful character of asylum. These principles are clearly stipulated in various UNHCR Executive\nCommittee (ExCom) Conclusions, including the Conclusion on Safeguarding Asylum, No. 82, (1997), para\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, one of the reasons the full extent of the treatment of women in the camps is not\nknown, not even by the CAVR process, is due to this political policy of encouraging\nreturns, even of excludable militia. Even where protection interviews were undertaken,\nUNHCR focused on a very gendered idea of \u201eprotection needs\u201f.\n\n\nAs the guidelines for the reception of returnees from West Timor indicated, \u201ePersons who\nmight face protection problems are: those suspected of past criminal militia activities,\nthose formerly affiliated to militia groups, persons who were active in the pro-autonomy\nmovement, former TNI, former POLRI, former civil servants, persons belong to an ethnic\nor religious minority group or persons married to such a person\u201f. [25] Most of these criteria\nwere assumed to apply principally to men, and there were relatively few female\ninterviewers. [26]\n\n\nThe UNHCR evaluation report states:\n\n\nThe structure of the assessment forms and the assumptions which framed\nthem, the gender of the interviewers and their lack of training all meant that a\nnumber of issues relating to women\u201fs and children\u201fs needs and vulnerabilities\n\n - which would have been much more relevant to the majority of returnees were not picked up in any systematic fashion. This was despite reports that\nsexual violence was a serious concern in the camps in West Timor. \u201eThe\nemphasis on identifying such militia involvement in the assessment process\nthus seems disproportionate\u201f. [27]\n\n\nDuring the independence anniversary celebrations in 2009, the government released\nIgidio Manek\u201fs close associate and fellow indictee Martenus Bere.\n\n\n**Impact of displacement on participation in transitional justice process**\n\n\nThis had a negative impact on the ability of women in particular to participate in the\nCAVR process. Chapter 7.7 of the report by the CAVR recorded 853 cases of sexual\nviolence but concluded:\n\n\n[t]he Commission notes the inevitable conclusion that many victims of sexual\nviolations did not come forward to report them to the Commission. Reasons\nfor under-reporting include death of victims and witnesses (especially for\nearlier periods of the conflict), victims who may be outside Timor-Leste\n(especially in West Timor), the painful and very personal nature of the\nexperiences, and the fear of social or family humiliation or rejection if their\nexperiences are known publicly. These strong reasons for under-reporting and\n\n\nd (vii), which reiterates \u201ethe responsibility of host States, working, where appropriate, with international\norganizations, to identify and separate any armed or military elements from refugee populations, and to\nsettle refugees in secure locations at a reasonable distance, to the extent possible, from the frontier of the\ncountry of origin, with a view to safeguarding the peaceful nature of asylum.\u201f\n25 Chris Dolan, Judith Large and Naoko Obi, _Evaluation of UNHCR\u2019s repatriation and reintegration_\n_programme in East Timor,1999-2003_, EPAU/2004/02, February 2004, at p. 32.\n26 Chris Dolan, Judith Large and Naoko Obi, ibid, at p. 1 and p. 88.\n27 Chris Dolan, Judith Large and Naoko Obi, ibid.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the fact that 853 cases of rape and sexual slavery, along with evidence from\nabout another 200 interviews were recorded lead the Commission to the\nfinding that the total number of sexual violations is likely to be several times\nhigher than the number of cases reported. The Commission estimates that the\nnumber of women who were subjected to serious sexual violations by\nmembers of the Indonesian security forces numbers in the thousands, rather\nthan hundreds. [28]\n\n\nIn the camps in West Timor where tens of thousands of women were forcibly deported, a\nfact-finding team in one study alone found 163 different cases of violence against 119\nwomen, and noted serious impacts of sexual violence on women\u201fs health. [29] The _Chega!_\n_Report_ is almost silent on this larger context, but adds that the attitudes of female\nrefugees to voluntary return and reconciliation issues were also not well known. At\nparagraphs 71-72 of Part 10, the _Chega! Report_ states:\n\n\nWomen were especially constrained in their freedom to engage with the NGO\nCoalition by the power structures that existed within the camps. The positions\nwomen took on reconciliation and repatriation were almost entirely\ndetermined by their husbands, fathers and uncles who had brought them to\nWest Timor. They were economically and physically dependent on these\nmale figures, who often both intimidated them and acted as their ultimate\nprotection from other men. [30]\n\n\nThe combination of the political imperative to receive refugees back from West Timor by\nthe Timorese leadership, with the gendered application of protection needs by UNHCR,\nmean that the violence perpetrated against women in West Timor is still little known.\nThis context is not acknowledged by the Final Report in its summary of the \u201ereception\u201f\nfunction of the CAVR, although some examples of women returning from West Timor\nare included in the reconciliation hearings. [31]\n\n\nHowever, even here, the experience of displacement is not considered in any threedimensional way, especially for women. Corey Levine describes the narrow focus of the\nwomen\u201fs hearing and in Chapter 7.7:\n\n\n[D]uring the Women and Conflict Public Hearing process not one woman\nwas asked to speak about all the other suffering that the women experienced\nbecause of their gender \u2013 their culturally assigned roles, responsibilities and\ntheir unequal access to economic survival, political participation and the basic\nnecessities of survival. The hearing never heard from women amputees who\nlost a limb to a landmine while scouring the neighbourhood for fuel and the\nfallout from that experience. No women shared their stories of the forced\ndisplacement they endured while being solely responsible for the survival of\n\n\n28 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR), ibid.\n29 Tim Kemanusiaan Timor Barat, \u201eViolence against IDP/refugee women \u2013 Report of TKTB (Tim\nKemanusiaan Timor Barat) findings in IDP/Refugee Camps in West Timor\u201f, August 2000.\n30 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). _Chega!_ _Final Report of the Commission_\n_for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation._ Dili: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, 2005,\nPart 10, p. 17.\n31 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR), ibid, Part 10, p. 23.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "their children, their sick relatives and their elderly parents. No woman spoke\nof the daily beatings she suffered at the hands of her husband because of the\nheightened tensions and violence that existed in their community and which\nwas then replicated in the home. No woman spoke of how she was denied\nsanitary products when she was detained in prison and how degrading this\nwas to her. No woman spoke of how she was not able to access medical care\ndue to checkpoints, harassment, lack of documentation, lack of money, lack\nof childcare and so lost the baby she was carrying [.32 ]\n\n\nIn this manner, the truth-telling goals of the CAVR project were compromised by the\nfailure of refugee protection and the limited script offered to returnees.\n\n\n**Limitations on the violations approach to displacement**\n\n\nThis failure of the truth-seeking component of transitional justice goals was compounded\nby the finding by the Special Panels in 2001 that the serious crimes process had no\njurisdiction over crimes committed in West Timor. The case of _The Prosecutor v_\n_Leonardus Kasa_ (the _Kasa case_ ) was decided by the Special Panel for Serious Crimes in\nMay 2001. [33] It shows a blatant disregard for the forcible displacement experienced by the\nvictim. It is also a good example of the manner in which the \u201eviolations\u201f approach taken\nto transitional justice issues by international criminal law can often ignore displacement\nissues and therefore be detrimental to wider political goals of peace-building and\naccountability, as well as in this case, gender equality.\n\n\nThe facts of the case are straightforward. Leonardus Kasa was an alleged member of\nLaksaur militia from Cova Lima district. He was arrested and detained by the Civilian\nPolice (CIVPOL), pursuant to the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The Public\nProsecutor, Raimund Sauter indicted him in December 2000 with one charge of rape of a\nwoman in Betun village, West Timor, in September 1999. At the preliminary hearing in\nFebruary 2001 the defence claimed the Special Panel lacked jurisdiction to hear the case\nas the alleged rape occurred outside the territory of East Timor, and that as the sex was\nconsensual, it should be classified as adultery, which is not a serious crime. [34]\n\n\nOn 9 May 2001 the Special Panel declared that it had no jurisdiction in the case. [35] The\ndefendant had already been released from detention in February 2001 but had been\nprevented from approaching the victim's home. Immediately after the judgment was\ngiven, the Special Panel announced that such restrictions on the defendant no longer\napplied. An appeal was filed by the Prosecution on 11 October 2001 and withdrawn on 5\nApril 2004.\n\n\nThe judges of the Special Panel were Luca l. Ferrero (Presiding Judge, Italy), Maria\nNatercia Gusmao Pereira (Judge Rapporteur, East Timor) and Sylver Ntukamazina\n\n\n32 Corey Levine, _Gender and Transitional Justice: A Case Study of East Timor_, Canadian Consortium on\nHuman Security, Vancouver, 2004 at pp. 29-30.\n33 _The General Prosecutor of the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor v Leonardus_\n_Kasa_ . Dili District Court Special Panel for Serious Crimes Case no. 11/CG/2000, 9 May 2001.\n34 Indictment.\n35 Judicial System Monitoring Programme, \u201eDili court increases pressure on Indonesia\u201f, 10 May 2001.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(Burundi). The judges stated that the same charges might be raised before courts in\nIndonesia, or in East Timorese courts if jurisdictional issues were clarified by way of\namendment to the regulations, which seemed to influence their judgment. The Special\nPanel also emphasised that it made no finding as to the defendant's innocence or guilt on\nthe charge of rape.\n\n\nDisturbingly, the Special Panel makes no reference to the background of forcible\ndisplacement in this case. The alleged victim in this case, Maria da Costa and her two\nchildren were displaced on 5 September 1999 from East Timor and brought to a refugee\ncamp located in the warehouse of Betun in West Timor. This was a week after the\npopular consultation, where militias, organised and supported by the Indonesian military,\nwere forcibly removing up to 250,000 Timorese into camps in West Timor and wreaking\nwidespread and systematic violence on those perceived to be pro-independence\nsupporters and their property in the process. [36]\n\n\nThe indictment does not refer to this context at all, and the context changes the nature of\nthe offence that should have been charged in the indictment. The mass deportation and\nrape of women in East Timor is an absent fact in the case. The defendant claimed not to\nbe aware of the chaos around him. The _New York Times_ reported in early 2001:\n\n\nIn an interview at the Dili courthouse, Mr. Casa put forward a defence that\u2026\nhe knew his victim. She belonged to him. The sex was consensual. Beyond\nthat, Mr. Casa said, he knew less than just about anybody else in East Timor\nabout the violence occurring around him. \u201eI never saw any massacre or any\ndestruction,\u201f he said. \u201eI never even left my house. [37]\n\n\nThe consequence of this lack of context is that the Prosecutor charged Kasa with the\ncrime of rape in violation of Section 9 of UNTAET Regulation 2000/15 and Article 285\nof the Penal Code of Indonesia. Section 9 \u201eSexual offences\u201f merely states that the\nprovision of the applicable Penal Code in East Timor shall, as appropriate, apply.\n\n\nAs noted above, the Special Panels exercise exclusive jurisdiction with respect to\ngenocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, murder, sexual offences and torture, but\nnot universal jurisdiction with regard to \u201eordinary\u201f murder or sexual offences between 1\nJanuary 1999\u201330 October 1999, which must be prosecuted under the Indonesian Penal\nCode. [38] The sexual offences in the Penal Code are contained in the section \u201eCrimes\nagainst Decency\u201f. Adultery is a criminal offence under Article 284(1), and the definition\nof rape is \u201eany person who\u2026forces a woman to have sexual intercourse with him out of\nmarriage\u201f (Article 285). [39] This dissonance between the context of the offence and what\nwas charged created jurisdictional problems for the Special Panel to resolve.\n\n\n36 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). _Chega! Final Report_ . Dili, East Timor,\n2005.\n37 Seth Mydans, \u201eSexual Violence as Tool of War: Pattern Emerging in East Timor\u201f, _New York Times_, 1\nMarch 2001.\n38 Establishment of panels with exclusive jurisdiction over serious criminal offences. UNTAET/REG/\n2000/15, 6 June 2000\n39 Note Suzannah Linton, \u201eExperiments in International Justice\u201f (2001) _Criminal Law Forum_ 12:.210-211.\nThe ICTR defined rape in the _Akayesu_ case as \u201ea physical invasion of a sexual nature committed on a\nperson under circumstances which are coercive\u201f at paras 6.4 and 7.7.\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As the charge brought was rape under domestic law rather than rape in the context of a\ncrime against humanity, the Special Panel found it had no jurisdiction. The Special Panel\ndeemed the applicable criminal law to be Section 9 of UNTAET Regulation 2000/15 and\nArticle 285 of the Indonesian Penal Code, and therefore held that only Indonesia has the\njurisdiction on the case. This meant that the East Timorese courts and the Special Panel\nof Dili District Court itself did not have jurisdiction over a crime of rape committed in\nWest Timor before 25 October 1999. \u201e[N]o East Timorese Court, according to the laws in\nforce at the present time, could try this case.\u201f [40]\n\n\nIn my view, the Special Panel erred in its failure to consider principle of active\npersonality (or nationality) of the perpetrator as a basis of jurisdiction. Universal\njurisdiction is generally only relied upon where the crime is a gross human rights\nviolation; and there is no link with the territory where the crime took place, the offender\nor the victim. [41]\n\n\nThere was no impediment to assessing the other grounds of jurisdiction under customary\ninternational law, especially the nationality principle, even if universal jurisdiction in this\ncase was found not to exist due to the judicial interpretation of Regulation 2000/11. The\nSpecial Panel is able to apply \u201erecognised principles and norms of international law\u201f [42]\nand it is unquestionable that the extra-territorial application of criminal jurisdiction in\ncertain circumstances, for example, on the ground of the nationality principle is one of\nthese norms.\n\n\nIt was also open to the court to ask the Prosecution to justify why this act of rape was an\n\u201eordinary\u201f crime, opportunistic only, or else reframe the charge. [43] Had the Prosecutor\ncharged the case as an international crime, the jurisdictional arguments could have been\nhandled quite differently. Both the Prosecutor and the Special Panel seemed to\ncompletely fail to entertain the idea that a single rape by a militia leader could have been\ncharacterized as a crime against humanity if part of a \u201ewidespread and systematic attack\u201f\nas envisioned by Section 5.1(g); a war crime under Section 6.1(b)(xxii) in an\ninternational armed conflict or Section 6.1(e)(vi) in a non-international armed conflict; or\nan act of torture under Section 7.1.\n\n\nThe Special Panel is directed to apply \u201eestablished principles of international law of\narmed conflict\u201f, [44] but fails to mention that the _Furundzija_ case in the International\nCriminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) decided that the rape of a single\nvictim is a crime serious enough to warrant prosecution by an international war crimes\ntribunal. The defendant in that case was charged and convicted with rape and torture as\n\n\n40 Kasa Judgment, 2001, at p. 6.\n41 See further International Law Association Committee on Human Rights Law and Practice, \u201eFinal report\non the exercise of universal jurisdiction in respect of gross human rights violations\u201f, _Report of the Sixty-_\n_Ninth Conference_, London 2000, at pp. 403-431.\n42 Section 5, UNTAET Regulation 2000/11.\n43 Judge Pillay asked the Prosecution to amend the indictment and undertake further investigation in the\n_Akayesu_ case before the ICTR, leading to the first judgment of rape as a crime against humanity: Bill\nBerkely, \u201eJudgment Day\u201f, _Washington Post Magazine_, 11 October 1998, at p. W10.\n44 Section 5, UNTAET Regulation 2000/11.\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "war crimes. [45] This oversight can only be explained by speculating that either the Panel or\nProsecutor or both lacked sufficient knowledge of recent precedent in international\ncriminal law. [46]\n\n\nThe _Kasa_ judgment could also be read as the participants having insufficient insight into\nthe crime of rape during armed conflict. There has been a long struggle by feminist\nlegalists to have rape considered as a weapon of war, not a private, unavoidable\ncircumstance unconnected to the conflict. The legal errors above could be illustrative of a\ntype of gender-blindness. [47] It is also a parable for the fact that two separate arms of the\nUnited Nations simultaneously undermined the protection and inclusion of women in the\ntransitional justice processes in a UN Transitional Administration. There is a clear need\nfor better coherence across the UN system in the pursuit of shared UN goals.\n\n\nIn summary then, the _Kasa_ case can be seen as combination of problems with the\nindictment, the verdict and jurisdictional confusion, which culminate in a judgment\nrepresenting a step backwards for the women of East Timor, and for international gender\njurisprudence. But it is also symptomatic of the lack of cohesion between international\ncriminal law and refugee law in a politically delicate context. Outside the region,\nrefugees fared no better. There were significant numbers of Timorese granted refuge in\nthird countries since 1975, who have never been consulted in any capacity as to their\nviews. [48]\n\n\nThe situation of refugees in West Timor represented almost a complete failure of\ninternational protection, but also had consequences for the integrity of the transitional\njustice process. The UN itself became a victim in West Timor when several UNHCR\nstaff were murdered in Atambua in September 2000, leading to the complete withdrawal\nof humanitarian actors. [49]\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nWhere there has been significant displacement of the population, in theory, states should\ntailor their transitional justice processes to reflect the needs of that population, but this\nhas rarely occurred and did not occur in Timor. [50] UNHCR does take an interest in rule of\nlaw and transitional justice issues but they are not part of its core mandate of refugee\nprotection. [51] UNHCR also attempts to focus on protecting female refugees from genderbased violence. [52] In concert with a UN Transitional Administration, one would expect\n\n\n45 _Prosecutor v. Anto Furundzija_, ICTY-95-17/1-T, Judgment 10 December 1998. See further Hilary\nCharlesworth and Christine Chinkin, _The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis_,\nManchester; Manchester UP, 2000 at pp. 322-3.\n46\nJudicial System Monitoring Programme has raised concerns over the training and experience of both\nlocal and international public defenders in the Los Palos case. _A JSMP Trial Report The General_\n_Prosecutor v John Marques and 9 Others (The Los Palos Case)_, Dili, 2002, at pp 23-4.\n47 Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin, _The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis_,\nManchester; Manchester UP, 2000 at p. 19.\n48 The Australian government blocked all efforts of volunteer lawyers from the International Commission\nof Jurists (Australia branch), including the author, to take evidence from Timorese refugees evacuated to\nAustralia under \u201eSafe Haven\u201f visas in 1999.\n49 ABC TV, \u201eUN aid workers killed in West Timor\u201f, _Lateline_, 6 September 2000.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "that this part of the UNHCR mandate would have been easier to fulfil. For a series of\ncomplex operational and political reasons, it was not possible.\n\n\nThe case study of the CAVR highlights that reconceiving refugees and IDPs as\ntransitional justice actors will be a complex and difficult research task. The serious\ncrimes process run by the UN within Timor Leste decided in an early case that it held no\njurisdiction over crimes committed in West Timor. There were some serious difficulties\nreconciling the desire to bring refugees from West Timor home, with the legal demands\nfor exclusion screening of militia from the camps. There was a heavily gendered impact\nin that exercise that went largely unnoticed.\n\n\nThere were also significant numbers of Timorese granted refuge in third countries since\n1975, who have never been consulted in any capacity as to their views. I argue that\ntransitional justice processes where there has been significant displacement of the\npopulation must tailor their operation to reflect the needs of that population. This seems\nstraight-forward but in fact has been extremely difficult in the Timorese context. It is\nclear that more research and thinking has to be done in this area.\n\n\n50 See in contrast the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. _A call for Justice: Conclusion_\n_of National Consultation on Transitional Justice in Afghanistan._ Kabul: Afghanistan Independent Human\nRights Commission, 2005\n51 Steven Wolfson, \u201eRefugees and Transitional Justice.\u201f (2005) _Refugee Survey Quarterly_ 24(4): 55-59.\nSenior UNHCR official Erika Feller stated in 2006 that UNHCR has shifted to a \u201eresponsibility to protect\u201f\nframework, replacing the idea of right of humanitarian intervention in the 1990s: \u201e[r]esponsibility should lie\non need, not mandates or artificial legal categorizations\u201f.\n52 See further Alice Edwards, 'Overview of International Standards and Policy on Gender Violence and\nRefugees: Progress, Gaps and Continuing Challenges for NGO Advocacy and Campaigning'. Paper\ndelivered at the Canadian Refugee Council International Refugee Rights Conference, Toronto, Canada, 1719 June 2006. Amnesty International, AI Index: POL/33/004/2006.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c914c718-b431-3721-b26d-31d9824dc125/F4E51233ACBC0150852576FD00563FF4-unhcr_Rimmer_apr2010.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_386/raw/doc_386_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_386/raw/doc_386_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8e544675fa8a8b02445d5a64706daaa3a3e4748a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_386/raw/doc_386_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Colombia has intensified its focus on reducing vulnerabilities and fostering long-term inclusion by investing\nin livelihoods and expanding the reach of public policies. These efforts are not only essential for the well-being of\nvictims of forced displacement, but also yield significant economic and social benefits for host communities. With\nsuch investments UNHCR is able to demonstrate that the integration of forcibly displaced populations is both a\nhumanitarian imperative and a strategic approach to national development. This is done through:\n\n\n\nSecuring the registration and actual issuance\nof temporary stay permits valid till 2031 for\nrefugees and migrants from Venezuela.\n\n\nExpanding employment and employability of\ninternally displaced persons and refugees.\n\n\nWidening the financial inclusion of internally\ndisplaced persons and refugees.\n\n### The Multiplier Effect: Economic\n\n\n\n_*In 2024_\n\n\n1\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s initiatives contribute to community\nresilience, reducing irregular onward movements,\nand promoting long-term stability to uprooted\npopulations, thereby ensuring a sustainable and\ncost-efficient response to displacement challenges.\n\n\n\n1,321 195 638\n\n\n\nfinancial\nproducts\n\n\n\nparticipants individuals completed\nsecured formal jobs vocational training\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f82a26aa-7de8-5122-8879-41d1251922b9/FACTSHEET%20Inclusion-desp%201ok%201%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Financial Inclusion: A Key Driver of Economic Integration\n\n\n\n_Access to financial services is a prerequisite for_\n_formal employment and business development, yet_\n_it remains a challenge for refugees and migrants in_\n_Colombia. Currently, only 28.8% of Venezuelan_\n_refugees in Colombia have a savings account, and_\n_just 4% have access to credit. Without financial_\n_inclusion, their ability to secure stable employment_\n_and start businesses is significantly hindered,_\n_perpetuating cycles of informality and vulnerability._\n\n\n\nRecognizing this gap, UNHCR has facilitated the\nopening of 1,321 financial products in 2024, enabling\nforcibly displaced individuals to integrate into the\nformal economy. Additionally, UNHCR engaged with\nbanks to increase their recognition of the Temporary\nProtection Permit document and thereby broaden\naccess to banking services for Venezuelan refugees.\nFinancial inclusion empowers forcibly displaced\npopulations and strengthens local economies by\nincreasing consumer spending and tax contributions.\n\n\n### Skills Certification and Training: Pathways to Employment and Entrepreneurship\n\n\n\n_Refugees and migrants often_\n_struggle_ _to_ _validate_ _their_\n_foreign degrees and work_\n_experience,_ _limiting_ _their_\n_access to jobs that match their_\n_skills. As a result, many are_\n_pushed into the informal sector,_\n_where they face low wages,_\n_precarious conditions, and a_\n_lack of social protection. This_\n_affects their economic security_\n_and limits their contributions to_\n_the formal economy._\n\n\n\nTo address this challenge, UNHCR has supported skills certification\nprograms that have improved employment prospects for 1,241 Venezuelans,\nwhile 638 individuals have completed vocational training. In 2024, 195\nparticipants of UNHCR economic inclusion programs secured formal jobs,\nenhancing their economic stability. These scalable initiatives enable\nforcibly displaced populations to achieve self-reliance and ultimately\ncontribute their full potential to economic growth.\n\n\nThe private sector also plays a crucial role in promoting economic inclusion.\nUNHCR works with companies to support forcibly displaced populations by\noffering formal employment, integrating them into supply chains, and\nfostering entrepreneurship through access to credit, microloans, and\nbusiness training. These efforts benefit forcibly displaced individuals and\ncontribute to Colombia\u2019s labour market needs and economic growth.\n\n\n### Conclusion: A Long-Term Vision for Inclusion and Stability\n\nAchieving the full benefits of socioeconomic inclusion and self-reliance requires sustained political commitment,\nmulti-year financial investments, and strategic partnerships. Integration is a critical process that enables forcibly\ndisplaced populations to actively contribute to their host countries.\n\n\nThe innovative Joint Initiative between UNHCR and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in Colombia and\nother countries exemplifies the shift from traditional humanitarian assistance to sustainable programming,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f82a26aa-7de8-5122-8879-41d1251922b9/FACTSHEET%20Inclusion-desp%201ok%201%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_387/raw/doc_387_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_387/raw/doc_387_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a9aa2ed93ee788f441c46aa03ea8369a34b94a26..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_387/raw/doc_387_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,318 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LES REFUGIES**\n**UNITE CHARGEE DE L\u2019EVALUATION ET DE L\u2019ANALYSE DE LA**\n**POLITIQUE GENERALE**\n\n# Modes de subsistance des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en milieu urbain _Etude en cas Angola_\n\n\nEric Levron, consultant\nCourriel: elevron@hotmail.com\n\n\n\nEPAU/2006/03-3\n\nf\u00e9vrier 2006\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Unit\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9valuation et de l'analyse de la politique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n\nL'Unit\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de l'\u00e9valuation et de l'analyse de la politique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du HCR est\ncharg\u00e9e de l'examen et de l'\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9matiques des politiques, programmes,\nprojets et pratiques du HCR. Cette unit\u00e9 encourage \u00e9galement une recherche\nrigoureuse sur les questions li\u00e9es aux activit\u00e9s du HCR ainsi qu'un \u00e9change de vues\net d'informations dynamique entre les personnels humanitaires, les d\u00e9cideurs\npolitiques et les chercheurs. Toutes ces activit\u00e9s sont conduites en vue de renforcer\nl'efficacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle du HCR en dotant l'organisation des capacit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires\npour s'acquitter de son mandat en faveur des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des autres personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Le travail de cette unit\u00e9 est guid\u00e9 par les principes de transparence,\nd'ind\u00e9pendance, de consultations, de pertinence et d'int\u00e9grit\u00e9.\n\nUnit\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de l'\u00e9valuation et de l'analyse de la politique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\nHaut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nCase postale 2500\n1211 Gen\u00e8ve 2\nSuisse\n\nT\u00e9l.: (41) 22 739 8249\nT\u00e9l\u00e9copie : (41) 22 739 7344\n\nCourriel : hqep00@unhcr.org\n\nInternet : www.unhcr.org/epau\n\nTous les rapports d'\u00e9valuation de l'unit\u00e9 sont du domaine public. Les versions \u00e9lectroniques\nsont plac\u00e9es sur le site du HCR et les copies papier peuvent \u00eatre obtenues sur demande. Ils\npeuvent \u00eatre cit\u00e9s et reproduits, \u00e0 condition d'en mentionner la source. Les vues exprim\u00e9es\ndans les publications de cette unit\u00e9 ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement celles du HCR. La\nterminologie et les cartes utilis\u00e9es n'impliquent en aucune fa\u00e7on une quelconque prise de\nposition ou reconnaissance du HCR quant au statut juridique d'un territoire ou de ses\nautorit\u00e9s.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Partie 1: Pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019\u00e9tude\n\n**M\u00e9thodologie**\n\n\n1. Les donn\u00e9es figurant dans ce document se rapportent \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une mission\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9e en Angola entre novembre 2003 et f\u00e9vrier 2004 et sur diverses enqu\u00eates et rapports\nqui traitent principalement des conditions de vie des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es depuis 1992 en\nAngola.\n\n\n2. L\u2019\u00e9tude traite en premier lieu des conditions de vie des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et leurs\nrelations avec les r\u00e9sidents des villes d\u2019accueil. La deuxi\u00e8me partie de l\u2019\u00e9tude traite des\nactions d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par les acteurs humanitaires en p\u00e9riode de crise. La derni\u00e8re partie\ntraitera des le\u00e7ons apprises du pass\u00e9.\n\n\n3. La pr\u00e9sentation des r\u00e9sultats est principalement centr\u00e9e sur la ville de Huambo entre\n1993 et 2003. Cette p\u00e9riode d\u00e9bute avec le si\u00e8ge de cinquante-cinq jours de la ville de\nHuambo jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but du processus de paix qui est actuellement en cours.\n\n\n**Contexte**\n\n\n4. L\u2019Angola a connu vingt ans de guerre civile qui ont ravag\u00e9 le pays. Les premiers\nmassacres datent de 1961, date \u00e0 laquelle les forces coloniales portugaises ont r\u00e9prim\u00e9 la\nr\u00e9volte des paysans angolais en les bombardant au napalm. On voit alors se cr\u00e9er diff\u00e9rents\nmouvements de lib\u00e9ration : le MPLA (Mouvement Populaire de Lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Angola) cr\u00e9\u00e9\nen 1956, de tendance marxiste et qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien de l\u2019URSS ; le FNLA (Front\nNational pour la Lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Angola) cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1962, \u00e0 tendance mao\u00efste et qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du\nsoutien de la Chine ; et l\u2019UNITA (Union Nationale pour l\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance Totale de l\u2019Angola)\ncr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1966. L\u2019UNITA b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait du soutien de la Chine jusqu\u2019en 1981, date \u00e0 laquelle le\nmouvement a choisi de promouvoir la d\u00e9mocratie selon le mod\u00e8le capitaliste et a alors re\u00e7u\nl\u2019appui de l\u2019administration Reagan.\n\n\n5. Malgr\u00e9 leur manque de coordination, ces mouvements ancr\u00e9s dans l\u2019ensemble du\nterritoire angolais ont caus\u00e9 la perte de nombreux soldats portugais. Cette situation a\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution des \u0152illets qui a mis fin au r\u00e9gime dictatorial portugais de Salazar\nle 25 avril 1974, date \u00e0 laquelle le processus de d\u00e9colonisation a d\u00e9marr\u00e9.\n\n\n6. Le 15 janvier 1975, les trois mouvements de lib\u00e9ration signent les Accords d\u2019Alvor qui\nmarquent l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Angola et un r\u00e9gime transitoire de 11 mois est conclu au terme\nduquel devraient se tenir des \u00e9lections libres. Cependant, le MPLA, soutenu par l\u2019arm\u00e9e\ncubaine expulse les deux autres mouvements de la capitale Luanda. Le 11 novembre 1975, le\nMPLA d\u00e9clare la naissance de la R\u00e9publique Populaire de l\u2019Angola.\n\n\n7. D\u00e8s lors, les diff\u00e9rences id\u00e9ologiques et les luttes de pouvoir vont faire plonger le pays\ndans la guerre civile. Le conflit oppose principalement l\u2019UNITA au gouvernement (MPLA).\n\n\n8. Apr\u00e8s la chute du bloc sovi\u00e9tique en 1991, les Accords de Bicesse sont sign\u00e9s afin de\npermettre la tenue d\u2019\u00e9lections libres et de permettre le d\u00e9ploiement des forces de maintien de\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "la paix des Nations Unies. Le gouvernement n\u2019est pas pr\u00eat \u00e0 c\u00e9der sa place et entreprend\nalors des travaux de d\u00e9veloppement afin d\u2019augmenter sa popularit\u00e9 au sein de la population,\net proc\u00e8de des arrestations et ex\u00e9cutions sommaires d\u2019opposants.\n\n\n9. En 1992, les Nations Unies valident la victoire \u00e9lectorale du MPLA qui devient\nl\u2019interlocuteur privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de la communaut\u00e9 internationale. En 1993, un conflit ouvert\ns\u2019engage entre le gouvernement et l\u2019UNITA et commence le si\u00e8ge de Huambo par l\u2019UNITA\nqui prend le contr\u00f4le de la ville. Commence alors ce que la presse internationale a appel\u00e9 :\n\u00ab War on Cities \u00bb. Cette p\u00e9riode est marqu\u00e9e par d\u2019intenses combats qui se traduisent par des\npillages et ex\u00e9cutions sommaires. La population civile, principale victime des combats,\ncommence \u00e0 mourir de faim et c\u2019est alors que l\u2019aide humanitaire arrive.\n\n\n10. Entre 1994 et 1997, les FAA (Forces Arm\u00e9es Angolaises) reprennent le contr\u00f4le de\nHuambo, et suite aux accords de Lusaka, sign\u00e9s en 1995, l\u2019ONU red\u00e9ploie ses forces de\ncontr\u00f4le. Ceci correspond \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode \u00ab Ni guerre, ni Paix \u00bb, p\u00e9riode de conflit de basse\nintensit\u00e9.\n\n\n11. Fin 1998, le conflit \u00e9clate \u00e0 nouveau faisant de nombreux morts et entra\u00eenant une\nsituation alimentaire alarmante. Le champ d\u2019action des ONG humanitaires se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit. Apr\u00e8s\nles d\u00e9faites de l\u2019UNITA, le gouvernement reprend le contr\u00f4le de ses fiefs en septembre 1999.\nL'UNITA et les forces arm\u00e9es angolaises ont utilis\u00e9 la population comme instrument direct\nde leurs strat\u00e9gies militaires. Ainsi, les FAA, lors de la derni\u00e8re phase du conflit dite de\n''guerre totale'', ont vid\u00e9 les territoires tenus par l'UNITA de sorte que celle-ci ne disposait\nplus de main d'\u0153uvre ni de source de revenus.\n\n\n12. La mort du leader de l\u2019UNITA en f\u00e9vrier 2002 a entra\u00een\u00e9 la signature du M\u00e9morandum\ndes Accords de Paix de Luena le 4 avril 2002. D\u00e9marre alors un processus de d\u00e9mobilisation\net la reconnaissance de l\u2019UNITA en tant que parti politique. Plus de 3,7 millions de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, de soldats d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s et de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s retournent chez eux.\n\n\n13. L\u2019Angola est aujourd\u2019hui politiquement stabilis\u00e9, mais les vingt ans de guerre ont\ncompl\u00e8tement d\u00e9truit les infrastructures du pays. Ce pays compte le nombre le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes au monde (un tiers de la population). Il s\u2019agit principalement de\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations mis en place par les deux parties au conflit.\n\n\n14. L\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays repose sur le p\u00e9trole (90% des exportations du pays), l\u2019extraction\nmini\u00e8re et l\u2019agriculture (banane, caf\u00e9, ma\u00efs et coton). Cependant, les revenus et l\u2019alimentation\nde plus de 90% de la population sont issus de l\u2019agriculture. Malgr\u00e9 la mise en place d\u2019une\npolitique volontariste de la part de l\u2019administration coloniale, l'industrie est tr\u00e8s peu\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9e du fait de la longue instabilit\u00e9 politique.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Partie 2: r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\n_Pr\u00e9sentation de la ville de Huambo_\n\n\n15. La puissance coloniale portugaise marqua sa pr\u00e9sence sur le sol angolais d\u00e8s la fin du\nXIX [\u00e8me] si\u00e8cle. Un rigoureux syst\u00e8me administratif fut mis en place et une politique\nd\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire instaur\u00e9e. Des chemins de fer furent construits et la cr\u00e9ation de\nplusieurs villes nouvelles, dont Huambo, impuls\u00e9e. Situ\u00e9e sur le Planalto, plateau central de\nl'Angola \u00e0 environ 1700 m\u00e8tres d'altitude, Huambo fut b\u00e2tie sur le mod\u00e8le d'une ville\neurop\u00e9enne et inaugur\u00e9e en 1912. Son site fut choisi en raison de sa position centrale dans le\npays, ses bonnes conditions climatiques et la richesse de ses terres (ressources mini\u00e8res\nnotamment). Cependant, jusqu'aux ann\u00e9es 1950, la ville n'\u00e9tait qu'une station\nd'approvisionnement commercial, avec un centre administratif et quelques usines. La ville\n\u00e9tait exclusivement peupl\u00e9e d'Occidentaux alors que les populations locales \u00e9taient\ncantonn\u00e9es en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie. Huambo se caract\u00e9risait par des divisions sociales et raciales\nbeaucoup plus marqu\u00e9es que dans les villes de Benguela ou Luanda. Les \" _sobas_ \", chefs de\nvillages traditionnels, \u00e9taient devenus des fonctionnaires charg\u00e9s de r\u00e9colter l'imp\u00f4t et de\nrecruter des travailleurs forc\u00e9s pour le compte de la puissance coloniale. Ceci contribua, par\nailleurs, \u00e0 renforcer les tendances centralisatrices et \u00e0 affaiblir les capacit\u00e9s de coop\u00e9ration et\nde participation au sein des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n16. Durant l\u2019apr\u00e8s deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale, la puissance coloniale optimise le potentiel\nagricole du pays. L\u2019Angola devient l\u2019un des principaux producteurs mondiaux de caf\u00e9 et de\nma\u00efs. Ce d\u00e9veloppement agricole eut un impact consid\u00e9rable sur la ville de Huambo. La ville\net la province furent m\u00eame proclam\u00e9es \u00ab grenier de l\u2019Angola \u00bb, notamment pour stimuler\nl\u2019attraction de la zone aupr\u00e8s des populations blanches qui d\u00e9siraient jusque l\u00e0 rester dans\nles villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de Luanda et Benguela. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les sols de Huambo sont tr\u00e8s peu fertiles,\nles importantes quantit\u00e9s produites \u00e9tant essentiellement dues au tr\u00e8s faible co\u00fbt de la main\nd\u2019\u0153uvre [1] ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019utilisation massive de fertilisants sur une tr\u00e8s vaste surface. Les\n_fazendas_, [2] exploitations agricoles et agropastorales, \u00e9taient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement situ\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9\ndes grands axes routiers. Cet int\u00e9r\u00eat des colons pour l'agriculture a conduit \u00e0 des\nexpropriations de terres dans la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de la ville.\n\n\n17. Pendant les ann\u00e9es 60, le tissu industriel s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et diversifi\u00e9. La ville disposait\nd\u2019une industrie agroalimentaire, de textile, de plastique et de mat\u00e9riel de construction. Sa\nprincipale activit\u00e9 industrielle r\u00e9sidait cependant dans les usines de la Ferrovia avec ses\nfonderies et ateliers de r\u00e9paration, assurant la fabrication de l\u2019ensemble des pi\u00e8ces\nn\u00e9cessaires au bon fonctionnement du Chemin de Fer de Benguela (CFB).\n\n\n18. Avec l\u2019essor \u00e9conomique de la zone, la population autochtone se fait plus nombreuse,\nr\u00e9pondant \u00e0 l'appel de main d'\u0153uvre n\u00e9cessaire au bon fonctionnement des usines. Des\n\n\n1 Les \u00ab contratos \u00bb \u00e9taient des recrutement forc\u00e9s de personnel destin\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler dans les exploitations agricoles\net notamment de caf\u00e9 et de coton.\n2 Terme portugais signifiant Latifundia.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "zones p\u00e9riurbaines commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9es : _musseques_ se sont ainsi d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es. Les\nfronti\u00e8res entre communaut\u00e9s restaient nettement visibles. Elles correspondaient \u00e0 un\nd\u00e9coupage social et ethnique. Ainsi, les populations d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es, tr\u00e8s majoritairement des\n_indigenos_ _[3]_, vivaient dans les _musseques_, [4] situ\u00e9s dans les quartiers p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. La ville\nformelle reste peupl\u00e9e tr\u00e8s majoritairement par les colons. A partir des ann\u00e9es 1960, la\ncroissance des zones urbaines entra\u00eene la destruction de certains _musseques_ . Par cons\u00e9quent,\nles populations pauvres sont repouss\u00e9es un peu plus en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie, proc\u00e9dant ainsi \u00e0 un\n\u00e9talement de la ville.\n\n\n19. Depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 60, les principaux centres urbains tels que Luanda,\nHuambo et Lubango ont vu leur population cro\u00eetre consid\u00e9rablement. Malgr\u00e9 une croissance\n\u00e9conomique forte en milieu urbain, le milieu rural n'a pas connu ce m\u00eame \u00e9lan et est rest\u00e9\nenferm\u00e9 dans une pauvret\u00e9 endog\u00e8ne, entra\u00eenant de fait des migrations vers les villes et les\nindustries de la c\u00f4te.\n\n\n20. A Huambo, les donn\u00e9es sur le nombre d\u2019habitants sont toujours impr\u00e9cises, toutefois\non peut \u00e9tablir une estimation dans une fourchette de 300 000 \u00e0 500 000 habitants. Les zones\np\u00e9riurbaines sont plus peupl\u00e9es que les zones urbaines, mais l\u00e0 encore les donn\u00e9es\nstatistiques font cruellement d\u00e9faut. Il est ainsi tout aussi difficile de dissocier les flux\nmigratoires li\u00e9es \u00e0 la violence, de ceux provoqu\u00e9s par des raisons \u00e9conomiques.\n\n\n21. A l\u2019heure actuelle, Huambo comme \u00e0 Luanda sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la saturation de leurs\nzones p\u00e9riurbaines. Chaque espace disponible est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction ou l\u2019extension\nde l\u2019habitat. Il n'existe aucune planification urbaine ni op\u00e9ration d\u2019am\u00e9nagement,\nl'occupation du sol se fait donc de fa\u00e7on anarchique. Face \u00e0 l\u2019importante pression sur le\nmarch\u00e9 foncier, les populations ne se regroupent pas entre communaut\u00e9s mais en fonction\ndes espaces disponibles.\n\n\n22. Durant ces vingt-cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la nature des mouvements migratoires qui ont\ntouch\u00e9s la ville de Huambo a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s complexe. Cette ville est l'un des lieux les plus affect\u00e9s\npar le conflit angolais. En 1994, \u00e0 la fin du premier conflit, la perspective d'une paix durable a\nvu le jour, permettant aux organisations humanitaires d'acc\u00e9der \u00e0 de nouvelles zones o\u00f9 les\nconditions de travail des ONG \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s difficiles. Cependant, certaines parties de la ville\ndemeuraient inaccessibles (zones sous contr\u00f4le UNITA, champs de mines, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 non\nassur\u00e9e). A l\u2019heure actuelle, l\u2019acc\u00e8s est assur\u00e9 dans l\u2019ensemble de la ville, bien que le mauvais\n\u00e9tat de la voirie et le chaos urbain s\u00e9vissant dans certains quartiers p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques constituent\ndes obstacles majeurs \u00e0 ma mise en \u0153uvre de projets.\n\n\n**Les strat\u00e9gies pour le renforcement des modes de subsistance**\n\n\n_Les mouvements migratoires et les logiques d\u2019installation_\n\n\n23. Les migrations ont constitu\u00e9 un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s de l\u2019adaptation et la survie des\npopulations du centre de l\u2019Angola. La r\u00e9gion du _Planalto_ a \u00e9t\u00e9 mue par deux types de flux\nmigratoires lors de la p\u00e9riode 1993 \u2013 2002.\n\n\n3 Terme utilis\u00e9 par le pouvoir colonial pour d\u00e9signer les populations locales. On trouve aussi le terme \"nativos \"\nqui signifie natifs.\n4 Terme angolais signifiant \"sols en terre\".\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Les ann\u00e9es 1993 \u00e0 1997 correspondent \u00e0 une phase de d\u00e9placements diffus. Les\npopulations quittent leur village, par crainte de l\u2019extension du conflit \u00e0 leur porte\nou la pr\u00e9sence des acteurs de la violence (notamment l'UNITA). La d\u00e9cision de\ns\u2019exiler est prise au niveau de la cellule familiale. Un tel choix offrait de meilleures\nchances de survie car il permet la multiplication des capacit\u00e9s de stock (nourriture,\nbiens non alimentaires) et une meilleure protection des personnes les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables. Lors de la migration, la hi\u00e9rarchie au sein de la communaut\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e\nidentique \u00e0 celle \u00e9tablie avant l\u2019exil. Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rents-cl\u00e9s demeurait les chefs de\nfamille et le _soba_ (chef de la communaut\u00e9). Cependant, s\u2019ils sont tr\u00e8s solidaires au\nd\u00e9part, les petits groupes de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s se d\u00e9sagr\u00e8gent face aux p\u00e9rip\u00e9ties li\u00e9es\nrencontr\u00e9es lors de l\u2019exil (champs de mines, d\u00e9c\u00e8s par malnutrition ou maladie).\nLes migrants issus de cette vague sont appel\u00e9s \u00ab les anciens d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00bb. Ils\nconstituent la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s originaires des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par l\u2019UNITA\ndans le _Planalto_ .\n\n\n - A partir de 1998, \u00ab les nouveaux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00bb sont parvenus en ville par des\nmouvements plus collectifs, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la communaut\u00e9, du village. Ces\nmigrations se sont op\u00e9r\u00e9s sous l\u2019impulsion et le contr\u00f4le des forces arm\u00e9es\ngouvernementales. La vie dans les zones rurales \u00e9tait plus difficile du fait\nd\u2019intensification du conflit et de l\u2019ancrage territorial croissant des milices arm\u00e9es\ndans les campagnes. Les paysans voyaient leurs terres confisqu\u00e9es et leurs maisons\nd\u00e9truites. La ville offre donc plus de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d\u2019anonymat et l\u2019espoir de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier\nd\u2019une assistance humanitaire. Les provinces o\u00f9 se concentrent le plus de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes sont celles de Bi\u00e9, Huila, Huambo et Kuanza Sul.\n\n\n24. Lors de la reprise du conflit en 1998, dans la province de Huambo, une grande partie\ndes populations en exil s\u2019est dirig\u00e9e spontan\u00e9ment vers la ville de Caala, situ\u00e9e au sud ouest\nde Huambo, o\u00f9 elles se sont install\u00e9es dans des b\u00e2timents et usines d\u00e9labr\u00e9s. La ville\npr\u00e9sentait l\u2019avantage d\u2019\u00eatre desservie par un axe routier en bon \u00e9tat par lequel l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire pourrait \u00eatre facilement achemin\u00e9e. Au bout d\u2019un an, deux camps ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0\nleur disposition : Cassoco et Cantao Paola situ\u00e9s \u00e0 5km de Caala. Les camps \u00e9taient divis\u00e9s\nen villages regroupant les populations selon leurs lieux d\u2019origine ce qui conf\u00e9rait\nl\u2019opportunit\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque camps de reproduire l\u2019organisation sociale de leur lieu d\u2019origine.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Luanda**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Cassoco**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**3**
**2**|**1**|**5**
**4**
**\u00e1la**|\n|**3**
**2**|**Ca**|**\u00e1la**|\n|**3**
**2**|**6**
|**6**
|\n\n\n\n|Col1|Nom du Centre|Origine des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s|\n|---|---|---|\n|**1**|**Lar Girasol**|**Catata**|\n|**2**|**CFB**|**Cuima**|\n|**3**|**Salsicharia**|**Elanda, Sacanombo, Rio Cunene**|\n|**4**|**Beanje**|**N\u2019Gove**|\n|**5**|**Centro recr\u00e9ativo**|**Catata, N\u2019Gove, Cuima**|\n|**6**|**Escola**|**N\u2019Gove**|\n\n\n**Camps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n**Rio**\n\n\n**Lubango**\n\n\n\n\n\n|1
2 1
Ca\u00e1la 5
3
6 4|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Cuima**|**Cant\u00e3oPa**|\n\n\n**Catata**\n**N\u2019Gove**\n\n\n\nA la fois espace de refuge et ville cible du conflit, la perception du danger dans la ville \u00e9tait\nli\u00e9e au niveau socio-\u00e9conomique des m\u00e9nages ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 leur milieu d\u2019origine (urbain/rural).\nAinsi, Huambo \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e en fonction des populations :\n\n - Les populations les plus ais\u00e9es de Huambo et des autres petits centres urbains\nconsid\u00e9raient Huambo comme une ville \u00ab cible \u00bb du conflit.\n\n\n - Parall\u00e8lement, Huambo \u00e9tait la destination privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e des populations issues du\nmilieu rural, qui voyait en cette ville une opportunit\u00e9 de se prot\u00e9ger des actes de\nr\u00e9pression perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s dans les campagnes.\n\n\n25. Il en r\u00e9sulte des mouvements migratoires multiples et donc difficiles \u00e0 analyser.\nHuambo se caract\u00e9rise par la grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des logiques d\u2019installation :\n\n\n - L\u2019installation temporaire \u00e0 Huambo : pour certains d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, notamment les\nm\u00e9nages urbains les plus ais\u00e9s, elle a constitu\u00e9 une \u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire avant\nd\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une plus grande ville \u00e9pargn\u00e9e par le conflit (Benguela, Luanda).\n\n\n - L\u2019installation provisoire chez proches avant de trouver un logement en ville : les\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s ayant de la famille ou des amis en ville, s\u2019installent chez eux pendant\nquelques semaines le temps de trouver un logement dans les zones p\u00e9riurbaines.\n\n\n - L\u2019installation dans les camps : ce fut le choix retenu par les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s n\u2019ayant pas de\nliens familiaux dans la ville d\u2019accueil. Ils ont trouv\u00e9 de l\u2019aide aupr\u00e8s du HCR, des\nONG et des Eglises.\n\n\n - L\u2019installation dans les b\u00e2timents publics d\u00e9labr\u00e9s ou abandonn\u00e9s.\n\n\n - Les d\u00e9placements it\u00e9ratifs : certains m\u00e9nages urbains ont trouv\u00e9 refuge en milieu\nrural ou dans des petites villes situ\u00e9es dans un rayon de 50 km autour de Huambo.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ceci leur permettant des retours r\u00e9guliers sur Huambo afin de v\u00e9rifier que leur\nlogement n'est pas occup\u00e9 ill\u00e9galement.\n\n\n26. A partir de 2002, lorsque la paix est revenue, un retour massif et spontan\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nvers leurs r\u00e9gions d'origine a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne a tr\u00e8s fortement surpris une grande\npartie des acteurs humanitaires car, de leur point de vue, les conditions de vie \u00e9taient bien\nmeilleures dans les camps que dans les foyers au village. Les hypoth\u00e8ses retenues par les\nobservateurs locaux quant \u00e0 ce processus massif de retour sont de plusieurs ordres :\n\n\n - L'attachement \u00e0 la terre d'origine (terre des anc\u00eatres).\n\n\n - La disponibilit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re qui, en zone p\u00e9riurbaine, est insuffisante.\n\n\n - La faiblesse du tissu social au sein de la communaut\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et la relative\nhostilit\u00e9 des populations locales \u00e0 leurs \u00e9gards.\n\n\n - Les faibles opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi dans la ville de Huambo\n\n\n_Les principales sources de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9_\n\n\n27. La violence arm\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019un des plus grands facteurs de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s pour les\npopulations urbaines :\n\n\n - Le si\u00e8ge de la ville a \u00e9t\u00e9 un facteur important de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire des\npopulations urbaines, entra\u00eenant notamment la famine.\n\n\n - Les p\u00e9riodes d\u2019 \u00ab entra e sai [5] \u00bb v\u00e9cues \u00e0 partir de 1998, qui se caract\u00e9risent par le\ncroisement d\u2019importants flux migratoires dans la ville ont \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi tr\u00e8s redout\u00e9es\npar les populations urbaines. En effet, elles correspondaient \u00e0 des p\u00e9riodes de\ngrande instabilit\u00e9 politique et \u00e9conomique, mais aussi \u00e0 la recrudescence des\npillages et une forte r\u00e9pression.\n\n\n28. En juillet 2003, plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s les Accords de Paix, OCHA estimait le nombre de\npersonnes \u00ab vuln\u00e9rables \u00bb \u00e0 2 657 000 (cf. Global IDP database, _Profile of Internal Displacement_\n\n_\u2013 Angola_, octobre 2004), vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 principalement li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Les\nprovinces de Bi\u00e9 et de Huambo sont celles o\u00f9 se concentrent les plus graves cas de p\u00e9nurie\n(cf. Annexe 3). Ce type de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 touche l\u2019ensemble de la population (r\u00e9sidents,\nfamilles rapatri\u00e9es et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes). N\u00e9anmoins, ce sont avant tout les personnes\nrapatri\u00e9es [6] et les populations locales qui peinent le plus \u00e0 trouver les moyens de leur survie\ndans leur nouvel environnement. Ceci s\u2019explique aussi par les confusions autour du\ntraitement des statistiques : de nombreux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ne sont plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme\ntels mais comme des r\u00e9sidents d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019ils choisissent de s\u2019installer en ville.\n\n\n29. Les effets du VIH en Angola sont encore m\u00e9connus. Cependant, la conjonction de\nplusieurs facteurs (d\u00e9placements, conflits, proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9gion tr\u00e8s touch\u00e9e par le VIH,\netc.) font craindre que ce probl\u00e8me se r\u00e9v\u00e8le prochainement avec une grande ampleur en\nAngola.\n\n\n5 Entr\u00e9e et sortie.\n\n6 Elles repr\u00e9sentent 53% des personnes dites \u00ab vuln\u00e9rables \u00bb contre 10% pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global IDP database", - "confidence": 0.9095293879508972, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Angola_", - "confidence": 0.6896545886993408, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.8677712082862854, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "populations urbaines", - "confidence": 0.5145325660705566, - "start": 261, - "end": 263 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistiques", - "confidence": 0.5733740329742432, - "start": 439, - "end": 440 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Angola_", - "confidence": 0.7635140419006348, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes", - "confidence": 0.814143717288971, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Moyens de subsistance en fonction des questions de genre, d\u2019\u00e2ge, de capacit\u00e9s physiques et de r\u00f4le dans_\n_la cellule familiale_\n\n\n30. De l\u2019analyse des m\u00e9canismes utilis\u00e9s par diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9nages, on ne peut pas dire qu\u2019il\nse d\u00e9gage une r\u00e9elle \u00ab strat\u00e9gie \u00bb d\u2019int\u00e9gration au tissu \u00e9conomique (celui-ci ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 par\nailleurs totalement d\u00e9structur\u00e9). Celle-ci est avant tout dict\u00e9e par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de d\u00e9gager des\nrevenus pour vivre au jour le jour. Jusqu\u2019en 2003 (date des op\u00e9rations de rapatriement), 73%\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Huambo n\u2019avaient qu\u2019une seule activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de revenus.\n\n\n31. La compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 des avantages des territoires (camps, ville et milieu rural) ainsi\nque la division du travail \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la cellule familiale ont constitu\u00e9 la cl\u00e9 de vo\u00fbte de\nl\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie.\n\n\n - La mobilit\u00e9 entre les camps et la ville : une grande partie des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s urbains\nr\u00e9sidant dans les _bairros_ de Huambo ou en ville avaient une maison dans le camp\nde Casseque III pour pouvoir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019aide humanitaire. Ils ne venaient dans\nles camps que les jours de distribution ou d\u2019enregistrement.\n\n\n - La mobilit\u00e9 entre les camps et le milieu rural : la majorit\u00e9 des familles, surtout celles\noriginaires de Cuima, retournaient travailler la terre alors que leurs enfants\ndemeuraient au sein du camp pour continuer \u00e0 aller \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des\nsoins m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0 proximit\u00e9.\n\n\n32. Majoritairement issues du milieu rural, les familles n\u2019ont gu\u00e8re vu \u00e9voluer les fonctions\nde chacun avec leur installation en ville. Cependant, le niveau de responsabilit\u00e9 des femmes\net des enfants s\u2019est accru afin de s\u2019adapter au contexte urbain.\n\n\n - Le chef de famille reste l\u2019homme, sa t\u00e2che est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9vou\u00e9e aux travaux\nagricoles. Lorsque les zones arables disponibles ( _lavras_ )\u00e9taient trop r\u00e9duites, ils\ncompl\u00e9taient leurs revenus par un emploi de journalier pour un propri\u00e9taire terrien\nou par la production de charbon de bois. D\u00e8s que les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 le\npermettaient, les hommes retournaient dans leur zone d\u2019origine si elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas\ntrop \u00e9loign\u00e9 afin d\u2019assurer une pr\u00e9sence et entretiens de ses terres.\n\n\n - La femme est garante de la coh\u00e9sion familiale, c\u2019est elle qui est charg\u00e9e de trouver\nde la nourriture, de l\u2019eau, un abri, des v\u00eatements et tous les \u00e9quipements qui vont\navec une maison. Par ailleurs, elle doit s\u2019assurer des bonnes conditions de sant\u00e9\ndes enfants et des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es. D\u00e8s que l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 se pr\u00e9sente, certaines\nvendent des produits agricoles sur les march\u00e9s afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer et diversifier les\nsources de revenus du m\u00e9nage. Pour cela, l'acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit [7] joue un r\u00f4le\nd\u00e9terminant. Les vendeurs cherchent \u00e0 engager un cercle vertueux et investissent\nune partie de leurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fices dans l'achat de produits d\u00e9gageant une meilleure\nmarge. Toutefois, ce processus est long et difficile car la totalit\u00e9 des revenus est bien\nsouvent utilis\u00e9e pour la survie (achat de nourriture notamment) et les d\u00e9penses\nimpr\u00e9vues (frais m\u00e9dicaux, etc.).\n\n\n - Les enfants sont plus largement mis \u00e0 contribution afin de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des revenus\n(vente, mendicit\u00e9, travaux agricoles). Pour ces raisons, ils n\u2019ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas\nacc\u00e8s aux institutions scolaires. Ils sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables vis \u00e0 vis des maladies,\n\n\n7 Celui\u2013ci est rarement encadr\u00e9, la famille et les Eglises sont les principaux pr\u00eateurs.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "notamment la malnutrition. Ils peuvent faire l\u2019objet de violences physiques et\nd\u2019abus sexuels, ainsi que le risque de se faire engager comme enfants soldats. [8]\n\n\n33. Depuis 2003, malgr\u00e9 un retour massif des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes vers leurs r\u00e9gions\nd\u2019origine, il appara\u00eet qu\u2019une partie des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s a choisi de s\u2019installer dans les quartiers\np\u00e9riurbains de la ville de Huambo. Ce choix concerne avant tout certaines cat\u00e9gories de la\npopulation d\u00e9plac\u00e9e :\n\n\n - Les femmes seules et les jeunes, qui ont trouv\u00e9 en ville les moyens de leur survie en\nse consacrant \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s commerciales. Les personnes qui avaient une aptitude\npour le commerce sont celles qui sont rest\u00e9s en ville et qui d\u2019ailleurs ne sont plus\nconsid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s [9]\n\n\n - Une partie des familles d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui r\u00e9sidaient dans les camps durant la crise\ntrouvent les conditions de leur survie dans la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 des modes de vie\nurbains et ruraux et des opportunit\u00e9s offerts par ces milieux. Cela permet\nnotamment de conserver un acc\u00e8s aux zones arables tout en continuant de\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des services et march\u00e9s urbains. La pr\u00e9sence en ville est aussi une\nopportunit\u00e9 pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des revenus (bien souvent par la mendicit\u00e9), de\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une aide d\u2019une ONG, voire de l\u2019Etat [10] . Les m\u00e9nages perp\u00e9tuent ainsi\ndes modes vie et des moyens de subsistance mis en \u0153uvre lors du conflit. Pour\ncela, les familles se scindent en deux (cf. \u00a732).\n\n\n - Les veuves, les mutil\u00e9s de guerre et les familles d\u2019anciens combattants de l\u2019UNITA\nqui craignent des repr\u00e9sailles dans leurs r\u00e9gions d\u2019origine. Ils trouvent dans\nl\u2019anonymat de la ville des conditions n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Par\nailleurs, la dislocation des liens de solidarit\u00e9 a touch\u00e9 l\u2019ensemble du territoire\nangolais. Dans ces conditions, la prise en charge des personnes les plus vuln\u00e9rables\nne peut plus \u00eatre garantie.\n\n\n_Coh\u00e9sion sociale et m\u00e9canismes d\u2019entraide_\n\n\n34. La coh\u00e9sion de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 angolaise a \u00e9t\u00e9 durement \u00e9prouv\u00e9e par la nature du conflit et\nsa dur\u00e9e. La mont\u00e9e de l\u2019individualisme et la mon\u00e9tarisation exacerb\u00e9e des \u00e9changes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9s. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9sulte de la conjonction de plusieurs facteurs :\n\n\n - La multiplication des d\u00e9placements lors de l\u2019exil : les familles, les groupes\nvillageois se sont disloqu\u00e9 au point que les strat\u00e9gies employ\u00e9es pour survivre\n\u00e9taient de plus en plus individuelles. Les difficult\u00e9s pour s\u2019installer en milieu\nurbain ne sont pas \u00e9trang\u00e8res \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne : les groupes de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui\ns\u2019\u00e9taient form\u00e9s au d\u00e9part ont d\u00fb se s\u00e9parer en vue de trouver un logement dans\nles zones p\u00e9riurbaines.\n\n\n8 UNICEF, Country Background \u2013 2001.\n\n9 En septembre 2004, alors que l\u2019ONU estimait le nombre de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes \u00e0 40 000-60 000, le gouvernement\nestimait leur nombre \u00e0 340 000. La diff\u00e9rence de chiffre est due au fait que certaines autorit\u00e9s locales comptent\ntoujours parmi les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s les personnes qui ont choisi de rester dans la ville d\u2019accueil.\n10 L\u2019administration angolaise a conc\u00e9d\u00e9 gratuitement des terrains aux mutil\u00e9s de guerre dans trois quartiers\np\u00e9riurbains ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s prioritaire \u00e0 un logement dans le quartier du Casseque III (quartier issu d\u2019une\nexp\u00e9rience de camp de d\u00e9plac\u00e9 \u00ab mod\u00e8le \u00bb dot\u00e9 d\u2019infrastructures compl\u00e8tes).\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - La perte de confiance envers les autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles ( _sobas_ ) : ces derni\u00e8res ont\nsouvent \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s politiquement dans le conflit et ne constituent plus un\nr\u00e9f\u00e8rent-cl\u00e9 dans le vie sociale des habitants. Ils n\u2019agissent plus comme des acteurs\ncapables de garantir la coh\u00e9sion sociale, encadrer et instaurer la confiance dans les\n\u00e9changes.\n\n\n - La situation d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 en milieu urbain qui a conduit au repli des\npopulations. Le seuil de pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 (63% des foyers dans les zones urbaines et\np\u00e9riurbaines vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvret\u00e9 et au moins 25% sont en\ndessous du seuil extr\u00eame de pauvret\u00e9 [11] ) et la recherche de moyens de survie au jour\nle jour annihile toute capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019impliquer dans des actions collectives et de\nsolidarit\u00e9 (comit\u00e9s de quartier par exemple).\n\n\n35. Dans les camps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ainsi que dans les villes, les formes de solidarit\u00e9\nd\u00e9pendent bien plus de l\u2019appartenance religieuse que de l'appartenance ethnique. Les Eglises\njouent un grand r\u00f4le dans les actions de solidarit\u00e9 en offrant g\u00eetes et alimentation aux\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Relations avec la communaut\u00e9/population d\u2019accueil**\n\n\n_Les interactions entre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et les populations locales_\n\n\n36. En ce qui concerne les \u00ab anciens d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00bb, des actes de solidarit\u00e9 se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s \u00e0 leur\narriv\u00e9e. En effet, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge par des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil\n(familles, amis ou personnes de la m\u00eame ethnie) qui leur offrait g\u00eete et couverts pendant les\npremi\u00e8res semaines, le temps qu\u2019ils trouvent un foyer. Une aide a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 fournie afin\nqu\u2019ils puissent trouver une activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de revenus.\n\n\n37. Cependant, avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e plus massive des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et l\u2019ouverture et la mise en place\nde la logistique humanitaire, les tensions entre r\u00e9sidents et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s se sont accentu\u00e9es. En\neffet, l\u2019aide humanitaire \u00e9tait r\u00e9serv\u00e9e aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. La distribution de l\u2019aide se faisait \u00e0\ntravers la fourniture de listes par les chefs de quartiers ( _sobas_ ) et la distribution de cartes \u00e0\nchaque famille b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Avec ces listes se posaient deux importants probl\u00e8mes :\n\n\n - Les listes fournies \u00e9taient amplifi\u00e9es par les _sobas,_ un recoupement d\u2019informations\net un contr\u00f4le de la part des acteurs humanitaires permettaient toutefois de r\u00e9duire\nla fraude.\n\n\n - Les r\u00e9sidents achetaient des noms sur les listes de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pour avoir droit \u00e0 l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire.\n\n\nFace \u00e0 ce constat, les ONG ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tendre l\u2019aide humanitaire \u00e0 toutes les\npopulations - r\u00e9sidents et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Des distributions alimentaires g\u00e9n\u00e9rales en ville\nont alors lieu.\n\n38. Outre les m\u00e9canismes de redistribution de l\u2019aide, les interactions entre les populations\nh\u00f4tes et les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 importantes. Dans les villes, d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et\npopulations urbaines usent de strat\u00e9gies de survie diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es mais interd\u00e9pendantes.\n\n\n11 Solidarit\u00e9s : Situation humanitaire, Bilan 2004.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Les populations locales ont us\u00e9 essentiellement de m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9mun\u00e9rateurs\nprocur\u00e9s par la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Celle-ci leur permet de revente, louer des\nterrains, voire d\u2019utiliser les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes comme main d\u2019\u0153uvre tr\u00e8s bon\nmarch\u00e9 dans les _lavras_ (zones arables non irrigu\u00e9es autour de la ville) ou pour des\nt\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res. Tr\u00e8s souvent, les r\u00e9sidents r\u00e9mun\u00e9raient les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en\naliments (patates douces, ma\u00efs). Cette exploitation se d\u00e9clinait \u00e9galement par des\nsalaires tr\u00e8s bas, n\u00e9anmoins ces r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations \u00e9taient partie int\u00e9grante de leur\nstrat\u00e9gie de survie. Avec le d\u00e9part de la grande majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin de la\ncrise, ceux qui sont rest\u00e9s et travaillent toujours pour les r\u00e9sidents sont aujourd'hui\nnormalement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s.\n\n\n - Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s quant aux eux, doivent faire face \u00e0 l\u2019animosit\u00e9 des populations\nurbaines. Celle-ci est tr\u00e8s vive dans les villes qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par le\nconflit et qui re\u00e7oivent un grand nombre de personnes exil\u00e9es.\n\n\n_Les effets des migrations sur les villes qui accueillent les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_\n\n\n39. Les diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9placements ont eu un impact sur l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019Angola. On note ainsi\nune redistribution de la population sur le territoire : 50% \u00e0 60% de la population angolaise se\nconcentre dans des zones urbaines. Cependant, la migration massive n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suivie des\ninvestissements n\u00e9cessaires en terme d\u2019infrastructures en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assainissement,\nd\u2019adduction en eau, de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n\n40. Simultan\u00e9ment, plusieurs dynamiques d\u2019urbanisation sont observables :\n\n\n - L\u2019extension de certains quartiers \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie des villes (autour des axes routiers\nqui entrent dans la ville)\n\n\n - La pression d\u00e9mographique sur les villes et leurs zones p\u00e9riurbaines a entra\u00een\u00e9 la\ndisparition progressive des _hortas_ (potagers g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement indispensables \u00e0 la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire des m\u00e9nages) et une densification dans les zones p\u00e9riurbaines.\n\n\n - L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du taux d\u2019occupation des logements, voire la sur occupation (qui\ns\u2019accompagne g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de la d\u00e9capitalisation).\n\n\n41. En ce qui concerne la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, on constate que celle-ci n\u2019est plus bas\u00e9e sur\nla production d\u2019aliments mais sur la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus. La terre\nen milieu urbain est d\u00e9sormais quasi-exclusivement consacr\u00e9e au logement.\n\n\n_Le r\u00f4le des autorit\u00e9s locales et nationales_\n\n\n42. L'essentiel du budget de l'Etat s\u2019est concentr\u00e9 principalement dans les d\u00e9penses\nmilitaires. C\u2019\u00e9tait le cas jusqu\u2019en 2003, date \u00e0 laquelle le gouvernement a allou\u00e9 des fonds \u00e0 la\nreconstruction des infrastructures du pays. Le soutien des ONG angolaises et des\norganisations de solidarit\u00e9 internationales s\u2019est corr\u00e9l\u00e9 avec un d\u00e9sengagement de l'Etat dans\nles secteurs de la sant\u00e9, de l'\u00e9ducation et d'autres services sociaux [12] .\n\n\n43. En Angola, tout l'espace urbain est la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Etat. Toutefois, l\u00e9galement, la\nresponsabilit\u00e9 de la gestion de cet espace, comme par exemple la supervision et\n\n\n12 En 2002, la part du budget national consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 est de 5,4%, celle de l\u2019\u00e9ducation est de 6,3%.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l'administration de toutes les activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es aux projets urbains, planification, implantation et\nsubdivision des terrains ainsi que le suivi de leur utilisation officielle [13], est du ressort des\nautorit\u00e9s provinciales. Chaque gouvernement de province est charg\u00e9 de mettre en place un\ncadre l\u00e9gal servant de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les aspects administratifs et fiscaux qui permettent la\nd\u00e9livrance de titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9gaux. Le bilan actuel reste n\u00e9gatif de ce point de vue-l\u00e0, \u00e0\nl'exception de la province de Luanda. Il appara\u00eet que de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale le processus de\nd\u00e9centralisation s'accentue et se caract\u00e9rise de fa\u00e7on concr\u00e8te sur le terrain, m\u00eame si la\ncentralisation demeure tr\u00e8s forte, l'\u00e9lite luandaise conservant une grande partie des fonds\ndisponibles.\n\n\n44. Les autorit\u00e9s locales sont exsangues et ne peuvent pas \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins de la reconstruction. L\u2019un des enjeux est le contr\u00f4le du domaine foncier et la\nplanification de la ville. Cependant, les autorit\u00e9s sont dans l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 d\u2019encadrer les\nd\u00e9marches. Les d\u00e9marches administratives afin d\u2019enregistrer la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la terre sont\ninadapt\u00e9es (trop complexe et on\u00e9reuses). Moins de 10% de la population est en mesure de\nprouver par un titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 son droit d\u2019occupation du sol. Ceci emp\u00eache \u00e0 terme toute\npossibilit\u00e9 de recouvrement de taxes et exclut donc toute possibilit\u00e9 pour l\u2019administration\nd\u2019avoir une certaine autonomie financi\u00e8re \u00e0 court et moyen termes.\n\n\n45. La seule initiative notable de la part du gouverneur de Huambo est le lancement d\u2019un\nprogramme de reconstruction ''Cement and Paints'' dont le montant s'\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 1,8 million de\ndollars. Il pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9habilitation de 41 sites dont des immeubles, des maisons et certaines\ninfrastructures.\n\n\n_Les relations entre les acteurs humanitaires et les autorit\u00e9s locales et nationales_\n\n\n46. L'ensemble des ONG angolaises et internationales est sous la tutelle l\u00e9gale de\nl'UTCAH [14] et du MINARS [15] . Cependant, il semblerait que cette coordination minist\u00e9rielle\nsoit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un moyen de contr\u00f4le de l'Etat sur les diff\u00e9rentes ONG pr\u00e9sentes sur le\nterritoire angolais, mais sans r\u00e9elle efficacit\u00e9. En effet, le gouvernement contr\u00f4lait l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de\nl\u2019aide humanitaire notamment au moyen de lourdes proc\u00e9dures administratives. Il existe\n\u00e9galement une structure regroupant les principales ONG locales, le Comit\u00e9 des ONG en\nAngola ou CONGA. Celui-ci aurait pour dessein de distribuer les responsabilit\u00e9s et le travail\nentre les diff\u00e9rentes organisations.\n\n\n47. Depuis 2003, les autorit\u00e9s nationales se font de plus en plus pr\u00e9gnantes et se montrent\npressantes envers les acteurs humanitaires. Ainsi, au pr\u00e9texte d\u2019une reconstruction\ncoordonn\u00e9e, nombre d\u2019organisations d\u2019assistance sont d\u00e9sormais cantonn\u00e9es \u00e0 des r\u00f4les de\nma\u00eetrise d\u2019\u0153uvre (reconstruction d\u2019infrastructures) \u00e0 la demande des autorit\u00e9s. Ceci pose des\nprobl\u00e8mes de coh\u00e9rence avec les champs de comp\u00e9tence des ONG. En effet, parmi elles, peu\ndisposent de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et de l\u2019expertise n\u00e9cessaires pour entreprendre ce type de projets.\n\n\n48. Le gouvernement angolais est totalement absent des op\u00e9rations de d\u00e9minage. Il estime\nqu\u2019il n'existe plus de zones \u00e0 d\u00e9miner prioritairement. Malgr\u00e9 tout le probl\u00e8me persiste : une\nestimation faite par Halo Trust affirme qu'il resterait environ 150 champs de mines \u00e0 nettoyer\ndans la province de Huambo, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de trois ann\u00e9es de travail. Par ailleurs, des\n\n\n13 D\u00e9cret 46/A-92, article 30.\n\n14 Unit\u00e9 Technique de la Coordination des Affaires Humanitaires.\n\n15 Minist\u00e8re des Affaires et de la R\u00e9int\u00e9gration Sociale.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "mines continuent d\u2019\u00eatre pos\u00e9es, notamment par des acteurs \u00e9conomiques (transporteurs,\netc.). Ceci leur permet de s\u2019assurer le monopole de certaines zones et axes commerciaux.\n\n\n**Le HCR et les autres acteurs**\n\n\n_L\u2019implication du HCR et des autres acteurs dans le renforcement des strat\u00e9gies de subsistance des_\n_r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbains_\n\n\n49. Les principales actions humanitaires ont eu lieu en d\u00e9cembre 1993, six mois apr\u00e8s le\nsi\u00e8ge de Huambo. L\u2019anarchie qui r\u00e8gne dans la ville (pillages, ex\u00e9cution sommaires) fait de la\npopulation civile la premi\u00e8re victime du conflit, qui commence \u00e0 mourir de faim. En\nd\u00e9cembre 1993, l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des premiers vols du Programme Alimentaire Mondial, CICR et de\nM\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res est v\u00e9cue comme une d\u00e9livrance pour les populations affam\u00e9es [16] .\n\n\n50. A partir 1994, le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau se pose avec plus grande acuit\u00e9. Les\nop\u00e9rations de r\u00e9habilitation de la station de traitement des eaux de Kulimahala et de la\ncentrale hydro\u00e9lectrique de Cuando sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es. Cependant, ces interventions ne\npermettent de fournir de l\u2019eau qu\u2019\u00e0 une petite partie de la population urbaines (dans le\ncentre de la ville). De plus, les besoins en eau des grandes organisations internationales\npr\u00e9sentes ponctionnaient une grande partie de production (plus de 60%).\n\n\n51. Le manque d\u2019eau dans les quartiers p\u00e9riurbains est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de projets de\nr\u00e9habilitation et construction de puits. La r\u00e9alisation de ces projets se heurte aux difficult\u00e9s\nlogistiques (mat\u00e9riaux affr\u00e9t\u00e9s par avion) mais se poursuit jusqu\u2019en 1997. A cette date, le\nCICR d\u00e9cide de se d\u00e9sengager et confie alors ce projet \u00e0 une ONG angolaise afin qu\u2019elle\nm\u00e8ne des actions de formation \u00e0 la gestion communautaire des points d\u2019eau.\n\n\n52. En novembre 1995 est relanc\u00e9 le processus de paix sous l\u2019\u00e9gide des Nations Unies, qui\nse traduit par le d\u00e9but de la d\u00e9mobilisation des combattants. Dans les faits, le climat de\nm\u00e9fiance, de \u00ab ni guerre ni paix \u00bb, emp\u00eache d\u2019initier tout processus de\nreconstruction/d\u00e9mobilisation. La ville de Huambo conserve cependant une forte pr\u00e9sence\nd\u2019acteurs humanitaires qui viennent renforcer l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de la force d\u2019intervention des Nations\nunies, l\u2019UNAVEM III, entre 1995 et 1997.\n\n\n53. A partir de 1998, la politique de la terre br\u00fbl\u00e9e et les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s men\u00e9s par les\nFAA r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement l \u2018 \u00ab espace humanitaire \u00bb. L\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide dans\nla ville de Huambo devient tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteux car il ne peut se faire que par la voie a\u00e9rienne.\n\n\n54. La situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 lors de cette p\u00e9riode a mis en \u00e9vidence plusieurs logiques\nd\u2019acteurs et plusieurs modes op\u00e9ratoires :\n\n\n - D\u2019un cot\u00e9 les ONG locales qui, affranchies de mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contraignantes,\nont assist\u00e9 les premiers retours vers les villages d\u2019origine. Ces ONG se rendaient\ndans ces villages, estimant que les dangers d\u2019attaque \u00e9taient limit\u00e9s, du fait de\nl'absence de richesses \u00e0 voler dans le village. Ces op\u00e9rateurs se sachant investis sur\nle long terme en Angola ont choisi d\u2019installer des structures \u00ab en dur \u00bb a proximit\u00e9\ndes villages.\n\n\n16 L\u2019aide humanitaire a assur\u00e9 la survie de milliers de personnes pendant des ann\u00e9es. Contrairement \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on\na pu constater dans d\u2019autres contextes d\u2019urgence, l\u2019aide alimentaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consomm\u00e9e\ndirectement par les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - D\u2019un autre cot\u00e9 les organisations de solidarit\u00e9 internationales d\u2019urgence qui ont\nconcentr\u00e9 une tr\u00e8s grande partie de leurs efforts dans l\u2019assistance aux camps de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Les ONG d\u2019urgence ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 installer des infrastructures provisoires\nsur des sites relativement \u00e9loign\u00e9s des camps. La distance est aper\u00e7ue comme un\nmoyen de demander une contrepartie \u00e0 la fourniture d\u2019un service gratuit aux\npopulations.\n\n\n55. A partir de 2002, l\u2019aide humanitaire va s\u2019int\u00e9grer dans le processus de paix, notamment\npar la distribution de kits pour les d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s. Les projets urbains sont relanc\u00e9s, notamment\npour lutter contre les maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019eau.\n\n\n56. De leur cot\u00e9, les principales ONG angolaises [17] ont rapidement retrouv\u00e9 leurs\npr\u00e9rogatives : les actions de d\u00e9veloppement. Elles travaillent sur la restructuration du tissu\nsocial, la re dynamisation du secteur associatif, la mise en \u0153uvre de plans de d\u00e9veloppement\nlocal et institutionnel, etc.\n\n\n57. Le syst\u00e8me onusien pr\u00e9voyait pour 2004 la mise en place d'un programme de\ndistribution de semences et d\u2019outils pour 650 000 familles soit trois millions de personnes\navec l'\u00e9tablissement d'un pipeline alimentaire coordonn\u00e9 par le Programme Alimentaire\nMondial (PAM) afin d'\u00e9viter que les populations, rarement en situation d\u2019autosuffisance\nalimentaire, n'utilisent leurs semences.\n\n\n_Les mutations urbaines li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des organisations internationales_\n\n\n58. Aujourd\u2019hui les impacts de l\u2019assistance internationale sur les march\u00e9s urbains (emplois\ndirects, march\u00e9 des biens de consommation) reste limit\u00e9. Le personnel des ONG\ninternationales est tr\u00e8s majoritairement angolais, le recrutement de personnel moyennement\nqualifi\u00e9 est difficile car tr\u00e8s rare. Il faut souligner ici l\u2019absorption importante d\u2019une grande\npartie des cadres locaux par les organisations internationales disposant de moyens\ncons\u00e9quents. L\u2019application de standards et de grilles salariales bas\u00e9es sur les indices des pays\ndu Nord a entra\u00een\u00e9 des bouleversements notables sur le march\u00e9 du travail. Ceci a rendu\ndifficile la t\u00e2che des petites ONG pour s\u2019aligner sur les salaires pratiqu\u00e9s, notamment ceux\ndes techniciens agronomes et hydrauliciens. Mais, de mani\u00e8re plus pr\u00e9occupante, cela pose\nle probl\u00e8me du recrutement par l\u2019Etat, car le personnel le plus comp\u00e9tent est\nsyst\u00e9matiquement embauch\u00e9 par les ONG.\n\n\n59. Les acteurs humanitaires sont des agents \u00e9conomiques puissants et leurs apports\nimportants en flux financiers peuvent avoir un impact non n\u00e9gligeable sur une ville. A\nHuambo, une s\u00e9rie d\u2019effets pervers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9s. Ils sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019absence de politiques\nd\u2019achat de biens (semences) coh\u00e9rentes avec les march\u00e9s locaux. En achetant bien au dessus\ndes cours, ils ont ainsi contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des prix. Ceci qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 de\nnouvelles vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s pour les petits producteurs agricoles. En effet, ils se sont retrouv\u00e9s\ndans l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de pouvoir acheter des semences.\n\n\n60. A Huambo, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des ONG est install\u00e9e dans un m\u00eame quartier. Cette\nconcentration s\u2019explique aussi par le fait que la zone soit rest\u00e9e, pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du\nconflit sous la protection des forces gouvernementales (et qu\u2019elle soit \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l\u2019axe\nmenant \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport). Il demeure cependant que ce quartier n\u2019est pas per\u00e7u par les Angolais\ncomme neutre, puisqu\u2019il est un fief du MPLA.\n\n\n17 ADRA et Development Workshop.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "61. Le site d\u2019installation des ONG est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important de la strat\u00e9gie de\ncommunication et peut conditionner l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des actions humanitaires. Par exemple,\nl\u2019installation de bureaux de regroupement familial dans un quartier discret et ais\u00e9 de Luanda\n\u00e0 conduit \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il soit d\u00e9sert\u00e9 des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Ce type de strat\u00e9gie implantation\ndans les villes constitue un obstacle important en terme d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de diffusion de\nl\u2019information. L\u2019absence de prise en compte de la forte s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation spatiale des villes coupe\nles organisations de solidarit\u00e9 d\u2019une grande partie de sa population cible.\n\n\n**Conclusions et recommandations**\n\n\n_Conclusions_\n\n\n62. Les strat\u00e9gies d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie pendant le conflit, notamment celle\nbas\u00e9es sur la mobilit\u00e9 des personnes, perdurent une fois le conflit achev\u00e9.\n\n\n63. Villes, d\u00e9placements et conflits constituent un puissant moteur de transformation des\nmodes de vie et de la coh\u00e9sion de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ceci tend \u00e0 l\u2019avenir \u00e0 intensifier les relations\nentre les campagnes et les villes et cr\u00e9er de nouveaux besoins en zones rurales.\n\n\n64. Les femmes et les jeunes sont acteurs principaux de cette mutation. En effet, ils\ns'adaptent relativement bien \u00e0 la vie urbaine. Les petites activit\u00e9s commerciales et la\nmobilit\u00e9 sont les piliers de leur adaptation. L\u2019attrait pour le mode de vie urbain, les\nopportunit\u00e9s et la libert\u00e9 qu\u2019il offre conduisent les populations les plus jeunes \u00e0 vouloir\nrester en ville apr\u00e8s le conflit. Ils y exercent l\u2019interm\u00e9diation commerciale entre les\ncampagnes (o\u00f9 est rest\u00e9e une partie de la famille) et les march\u00e9s urbains.\n\n\n65. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par les ONG afin de r\u00e9habiliter les \u00e9l\u00e9ments structurants\n(postes de sant\u00e9, \u00e9coles, administrations), la qualit\u00e9 des services dans les villes reste bien\nsup\u00e9rieure, notamment parce que le personnel form\u00e9 pour assurer le bon fonctionnement\ndes \u00e9quipements refuse de travailler en milieu rural.\n\n\n66. Malgr\u00e9 la reprise des \u00e9changes marchands, la demande urbaine reste faible. Le\nmontant du panier alimentaire et de produits non alimentaires de base ne s\u2019\u00e9levait en\nd\u00e9cembre 2003 qu\u2019\u00e0 0,20 US$/jour/personne. Malgr\u00e9 la confiance des Angolais \u00e0 l \u2018\u00e9gard du\nprocessus de paix, ceci traduit la grande difficult\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer les\npopulations les plus pauvres dans la croissance \u00e9conomique et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leur pouvoir\nd\u2019achat.\n\n\n67. Le savoir-faire des populations \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de la ville est un atout consid\u00e9rable \u00e0 condition\nde les accompagner. En l\u2019absence de planification des quartiers p\u00e9riurbains de la ville de\nHuambo posent aujourd\u2019hui plusieurs probl\u00e8mes :\n\n\n - L\u2019enclavement des quartiers, la difficult\u00e9 pour la puissance publique d\u2019exercer des\nactions, voire un contr\u00f4le sur des zones inaccessibles (notamment durant la p\u00e9riode\nde la saison des pluies). Ce manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s dans des zones o\u00f9 r\u00e9sident des\npopulations en situation de pauvret\u00e9 laisse potentiellement la possibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s d\u2019infiltrer et de prendre facilement le contr\u00f4le des quartiers.\n\n\n - La difficult\u00e9, voire l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper l\u2019\u00e9conomie dans les quartiers\np\u00e9riph\u00e9riques spontan\u00e9s, voire d\u2019y acheminer l\u2019aide humanitaire (notamment lors\ndes saisons des pluies).\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Recommandations_\n\n\n68. Lors du conflit, le chaos qui r\u00e9gnait n\u2019\u00e9pargnait pas les villes et a r\u00e9duit\nconsid\u00e9rablement l\u2019 \u00ab espace humanitaire \u00bb. Cependant, la prise en compte de l\u2019ensemble des\npopulations (r\u00e9sidents et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes \u00bb d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des op\u00e9rations humanitaires aurait\npermis de d\u00e9grader un peu moins le tissu social, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fortement mis \u00e0 mal par le conflit.\n\n\n69. L'Angola est entr\u00e9 dans une p\u00e9riode de sortie de crise o\u00f9 les villes jouent un r\u00f4le\nmajeur dans la reconstruction de la paix. Acc\u00e8s aux services de base, mon\u00e9tarisation des\n\u00e9changes, interactions grandissantes entre les milieux ruraux et urbains font partie du\nnouveau cadre de vie des Angolais. Pour cela, la stimulation des liens entre les villes et les\ncampagnes est n\u00e9cessaire. Cela passe essentiellement par l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019acc\u00e8s de\ncertaines zones \u00ab grises \u00bb, mais aussi par la restauration de la confiance et de la coh\u00e9sion\nsociale et l\u2019interm\u00e9diation entre les milieux urbains et ruraux.\n\n\n70. L\u2019action en milieu urbain passe par l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie dans les\nquartiers p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, notamment aupr\u00e8s des populations en situation d\u2019exclusion, avant\nqu\u2019ils ne constituent la cible des groupes arm\u00e9s qui commencent \u00e0 prendre le contr\u00f4le des\nterritoires urbains marginalis\u00e9s. Pour cela il est n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9senclaver les quartiers\np\u00e9riurbains et de polycentrer la ville. Cela demande \u00e9videmment l\u2019implication (et le\nrenforcement) des autorit\u00e9s locales.\n\n\n71. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire est pour des raisons structurelles (densification des quartiers\np\u00e9riurbains, changement des modes de vie) de moins en moins bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019 agriculture\ndomestique (\u00e9levage, potager). L\u2019appui aux activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus num\u00e9raires\nappara\u00eet aujourd\u2019hui beaucoup mieux adapt\u00e9 au milieu urbain angolais.\n\n\n72. Les organisations d\u2019aide doivent dor\u00e9navant faire moins preuve d\u2019inertie dans leurs\nmodes op\u00e9ratoires. La plupart des grandes ONG internationales sont pr\u00e9sentes en Angola.\nMalheureusement, elles focalisent encore trop souvent leurs actions dans le domaine de\nl'urgence, tr\u00e8s peu travaillent dans le d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n\n73. Une r\u00e9partition plus homog\u00e8ne des \u00e9quipements et services mis \u00e0 disposition par les\nacteurs de l\u2019aide sur l\u2019espace urbain permettrait d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les effets de la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation\nspatiale des villes. Cela contribuerait par ailleurs \u00e0 lutter contre un certain nombre de\npr\u00e9jug\u00e9s que peut avoir la population \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des organisations de solidarit\u00e9 internationale.\n\n\n74. La prise en charge de certaines personnes particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables doit\naujourd\u2019hui \u00eatre renforc\u00e9e. Ces personnes, victimes d\u2019ostracisme, de discrimination de part\nde la population et cumulant plusieurs handicaps (veuves, mutil\u00e9s de guerre, anciens\ncombattants de l\u2019UNITA, extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9) ont choisi, par d\u00e9faut, de s\u2019installer en ville sans\navoir les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019y survivre. Ce sont des populations captives en milieu urbain, dont les\ncapacit\u00e9s \u00e0 survivre par leurs propres moyens sont tr\u00e8s faibles.\n\n\n75. Face \u00e0 la menace de l\u2019explosion du nombre de personnes affect\u00e9es par le VIH, une\nveille sur ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019impose d\u2019autant qu\u2019il risque d\u2019influencer dramatiquement sur les\nfutures strat\u00e9gies de survie si une partie de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre agricole est d\u00e9cim\u00e9e par le\nvirus.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Annexe 1\n\n**D\u00e9placements et mouvements de population depuis la fin des hostilit\u00e9s** **[19]**\n\n|Province|Janvier 2002|Janvier 2003|Janvier 2004|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Bengo|170,024|0|0|\n|Benguela|419,239|347,594|13,151|\n|Bie|550,000|91,329|89,851|\n|Cabinda|10,875|13,320|23,628|\n|Cunene|69,510|71,908|0|\n|Huambo|435,138|113,000|21,490|\n|Huila|210,899|119,231|70,011|\n|K.Sul|316,645|21,983|0|\n|K.Kubango|203,386|597,227|84,914|\n|K.Norte|109,169|64,356|44,641|\n|L.Norte|438,112|391,519|0|\n|L.Sul|92,622|154,539|17,332|\n|Luanda|673,526|80,171|42,729|\n|Malange|270,969|156,749|0|\n|Moxico|194,203|216,981|25,855|\n|Namibe|22,275|25,352|24,909|\n|Uige|57,056|480|183|\n|Zaire|45,106|21,093|0|\n|**Total**|**4,288,754**|**2,486,832**|**458,694**|\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Annexe 3: Etat de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire - avril 2004\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Annexe 4: El\u00e9ments bibliographiques\n\nJean Paul De Passos, _Humabo, une capitale provinciale au c\u0153ur de la guerre civile_ in Villes en\nguerre et guerres en ville, 2003-2004\n\nALNAP, _Global Study on Participation by crisis-affected populations in humanitarian action_,\n2004\n\nFilomena Andrade, _Isto \u00e9 uma vida d\u2019improvisios_, 1997\n\nGlobal IDP database, _Profile of Internal Displacement \u2013 Angola_, octobre 2004\n\nDonn\u00e9es statistiques du HCR disponibles sur le site www.unhcr.org\n\nR\u00e9centes informations r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es sur le site www.reliefweb.com\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba098dfe-0438-3740-80cc-7bf07762ee9f/FE2D630C78F9BF93C12571DB004A1086-unhcr-ago-28feb.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_388/raw/doc_388_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_388/raw/doc_388_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d8027d3c452f6875a8a5c4d5e55af8a388eb2573..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_388/raw/doc_388_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,653 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "JAN-MAR 2024\n\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF** **POLAND**\n## Operational Context\n\n\nThis report presents an overview of the demographic profiles and displacement patterns as well as the\nmain findings regarding protection risks and priority needs of refugees from Ukraine in Poland.\n\nThis analysis is based on **1,339 interviews with refugees from Ukraine** conducted by UNHCR as part\nof its continuous protection monitoring exercise from **1 January 2024 to 28 March 2024** . Interviews\nwere conducted in seven regions (voivodships) in Poland namely, Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie, Lubelskie,\nMa\u0142opolskie, Mazowieckie, Podkarpackie, Pomorskie, and Wielkopolskie.\n\nSince the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022, Poland has\nshown exceptional hospitality to refugees from Ukraine, notably with the activation of the EU\u2019s\nTemporary Protection Directive. Since February 2022, 1,775,245 refugees from Ukraine have\nregistered for temporary protection (PESEL UKR registration) in Poland, with 953,086 persons with an\nactive PESEL UKR registration as of 7 May 2024. Among active PESEL holders, 38% are children and\n82% are women and children. [1] Top 5 destination regions in Poland are Mazowieckie, Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie,\n\u015al\u0105skie, Wielkopolskie and Ma\u0142opolskie, which account for over 60% of the registered population.\n\n## Key Figures\n\n\n1 Government opensource data from the Ministry of Digitisation (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji), _Registered applications for the UKR_\n\n_status due to the conflict in Ukraine_ [, March 2024, available at: https://bit.ly/3yDMD2B.](https://bit.ly/3yDMD2B)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews with refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8263410925865173, - "start": 63, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8144549131393433, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.99444180727005, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.8576865792274475, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9826601147651672, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5000035762786865, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7707453370094299, - "start": 47, - "end": 50 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PESEL UKR registration", - "confidence": 0.8218486309051514, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.6152060031890869, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8989683389663696, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.58387291431427, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Government opensource data", - "confidence": 0.6449111104011536, - "start": 255, - "end": 258 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5712319016456604, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7043669819831848, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Analysis of some of the main disparities\nbetween new arrivals and earlier arrivals [2] shows\nthat there are more men among new arrivals\n(19% compared to 12% among earlier arrivals)\nand a greater number of single households\n(34% compared to 20% among earlier arrivals).\nThis indicates a continuation of a trend\nhighlighted in the previous Protection Brief\npublished in October 2023. [3]\n\nIt can also be concluded that the number of\nnewly arrived refugees who lack any form of education is also higher among new arrivals (with 8%\nstating they have no education whatsoever, compared to less than 1% among earlier arrivals).\nAdditionally, higher levels of unemployment in Ukraine are reported among new arrivals (21%\ncompared to 6% among earlier arrivals). Over half of recently arriving respondents originate from\nKharkivska, Kyiv city, Lvivska, Dnipropetrovska, and Zaporizka oblasts. Among new arrivals it is further\nnotable that in recent months, the level of difficulties faced when exiting Ukraine is reported at a higher\nrate by new arrivals (6% compared to 3% among earlier arrivals), additionally, reported difficulties faced\nupon entering Poland are also higher among new arrivals (5% compared to 1% among earlier arrivals). [4]\n## Protection risks\n\nA strong sense of uncertainty faced by refugees in relation to their stay and future in Poland, and the\nimpact this has on their emotional well-being, have characterised this reporting period. On 21 February\n2024 the Government of Poland introduced amendments to _the Act on Assistance to Citizens of Ukraine_\n_in the Context of the Armed Conflict in Ukraine_ (hereafter referred to as \u201cthe Special Act\u201d) which, _inter_\n_alia_, extended temporary protection in Poland until 30 June 2024 only. As a result, in the period from\nFebruary 2024 (and the period immediately preceding the amendments) to mid-April 2024 when further\namendments to the Special Act proposed the extension of temporary protection until September 2025,\nanxiety and concern among the refugee community related to legal status was palpable.\n\nIn this report, UNHCR aims to present data and findings in relation to three areas of uncertainty affecting\nthe lives of refugees in Poland directly, and the protection risks which flow from these uncertainties\nnamely; **uncertainties surrounding legal status and documentation, uncertainties related to**\n**employment and uncertainties related to accommodation and housing.** The protection risks\nhighlighted in this report are interlaced and may compound other risks. Uncertainty surrounding legal\nstatus and accommodation for instance, may increase the pressure on refugees to maintain any source\nof income, despite facing inequity or mistreatment in the workplace. In turn, lack of security of tenure\n(especially in relation to closures of collective sites) may lead to increased applications for international\nprotection (among other factors) [5] as reception facilities for asylum-seekers and refugees may be seen\nas a more stable form of accommodation. Uncertainties and consequential risks in relation to legal\nstatus, accommodation and employment may heighten vulnerability and may spark return decisions\nwhich are not truly voluntary but induced by challenges in accessing rights and support in the host\ncountry.\n\n\n2 With the aim of gaining a more detailed understanding of the situation and needs of newly arrived refugees (refugees who arrived\n\nin Poland less than 31 days prior to the date of the interview), UNHCR introduced a new stratum to the protection monitoring tool\nin January 2024. Earlier arrivals are refugees who arrived in Poland more than 31 days prior to the date of the interview.\n3 Protection Sector, _Poland: Joint Protection Analysis,_ [October 2023, available at: https://bit.ly/4bEyn8k.](https://bit.ly/4bEyn8k)\n4 Difficulties reported upon exiting Ukraine include _inter alia_ difficulties due to exit restrictions related to martial law, lack of\n\ndocumentation and challenges related to nationality, lack thereof, race or ethnicity. Difficulties reported entering Poland include\n_inter alia_ issues related to lack of documentation, challenges related to nationality, lack thereof, race or ethnicity and questioning\nrelated to having stayed in the Schengen area previously for over 90 days in the last 180 days.\n5 Rzeczpospolita _, Ukrainiec ucieka przed poborem. Lawina wniosk\u00f3w o ochron\u0119 mi\u0119dzynarodow\u0105 (Ukrainians fleeing conscription:_\n\n_An avalanche of applications for international protection),_ April 2024, available at: [https://bit.ly/3R3Y7mr.](https://bit.ly/3R3Y7mr)\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As a result of uncertainty in relation to the extension of temporary protection, in recent months refugees\nhave searched for alternative pathways to legalizing their stay which would give them more certainty in\nthe mid-term perspective. While most refugees continue to benefit from temporary protection in Poland\n(93% of respondents arriving more than 30 days before an interview), there is a growing tendency to\ntransition to other forms of legal status. These findings are corroborated by anecdotal reports from\nUNHCR\u2019s legal partners who have reported an increase in queries related to applying for other forms\nof legal status such as international protection.\n\n**Legal status** **[6]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDevelopments regarding legislation on mobilisation in Ukraine reportedly impact the decisions made\nby refugees residing in Poland and may compound feelings of uncertainty, after a Bill on Mobilisation [7]\nwas introduced on 30 January 2024. UNHCR\u2019s legal partners have reported an increase in the number\nof queries related to return to Ukraine in order to perform military service [8], additionally the number\napplications for international protection by Ukrainians has increased significantly. According to statistics\nfrom the Office for Foreigners, from January to April 2024, 1,538 Ukrainian citizens applied for\ninternational protection in Poland, including 674 men aged 18-64 (of whom 129 applied in January; 201\nin February; 169 in March and 175 in April) while for the same period in 2023 487 Ukrainian citizens\nsubmitted applications, including 269 men. In 2023, in total, 1,770 Ukrainian citizens applied for\ninternational protection, including 635 men aged 18-64. [9]\n\nOf further note is a variance among men and women refugees holding electronic documentation (diia.pl)\nas it was highlighted in the results of the comprehensive needs assessment led by UNHCR in 2023 [10]\nthat 49% men have diia.pl as compared to 63% of women. Uncertainty surrounding the effects of the\nmobilisation law and false information circulating on social media may have contributed\nto this difference.\n\n\n6 This graph refers to respondents who arrived in Poland more than 31 days before the interview date, referred to as \u201cearlier\n\narrivals\u201d throughout this report. New arrivals, having arrived from Ukraine less than 31 days before the interview date were not\nposed a question on legal status and are therefore not included in this graph.\n[7 Available at: https://bit.ly/453U4Mr.](https://bit.ly/453U4Mr)\n8 Halina Niec Legal Aid Centre, _Czy obywatel Ukrainy mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 przekazany na Ukrain\u0119 w celu odbycia s\u0142u\u017cby wojskowej?,_\n\n[available at: https://bit.ly/3wLvpQm.](https://bit.ly/3wLvpQm)\n9 Data obtained by UNHCR from the Office for Foreigners in April 2024. Annual statistical data available at Eurostat:\n\n[https://bit.ly/3UWl4Ji.](https://bit.ly/3UWl4Ji)\n10 _Poland - Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Protection Challenges for Refugees from Ukraine,_ February 2024, available at:\n\n[https://bit.ly/3VkVaR1.](https://bit.ly/3VkVaR1)\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics\nfrom the Office for Foreigners", - "confidence": 0.9624375700950623, - "start": 208, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Office for Foreigners", - "confidence": 0.5634186863899231, - "start": 211, - "end": 214 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.9828774929046631, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9496280550956726, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian citizens", - "confidence": 0.9584836959838867, - "start": 224, - "end": 226 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "comprehensive needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9703285694122314, - "start": 328, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9717531800270081, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.79677814245224, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5150924921035767, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9690273404121399, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8153592348098755, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual statistical data", - "confidence": 0.9229549169540405, - "start": 487, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.872381329536438, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Office for Foreigners", - "confidence": 0.8826062083244324, - "start": 480, - "end": 483 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9484903216362, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April 2024", - "confidence": 0.5185977220535278, - "start": 484, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9341668486595154, - "start": 499, - "end": 502 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Protection Challenges for Refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7902142405509949, - "start": 503, - "end": 509 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9559189081192017, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9166657328605652, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6172026991844177, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in Poland until September 2025 and introduce a pathway\ntowards temporary residence permits for refugees as a\nconcrete way to mitigate the uncertainty and anxiety related\nto legal status. [11] UNHCR notes that identity will be confirmed\nthrough valid travel documents when applying PESEL UKR\nand temporary residence permits. While UNHCR\nappreciates the importance of confirming identity, 6% of\nrespondents report a household member not having any\nform of documentation, while 26% of respondents report at\nleast one household member missing one form of\ndocumentation with the majority of these respondents\nreporting missing biometric passports (17%) with 13%\nstating they are unable to renew or replace their\ndocumentation in Poland due to the costs, lack of information\nand long waiting times associated.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Presence in a household of at** reporting missing biometric passports (17%) with 13%\n**least one HH member who does** stating they are unable to renew or replace their\n**not** **have** **any** **identification** documentation in Poland due to the costs, lack of information\n**document** and long waiting times associated.\n\nUNHCR calls on flexibility on the application of this requirement given the challenges that this poses to\npersons at risk of statelessness or with undetermined nationality, especially in light of the fact that 6%\nof respondents report that one of more members of their household do not have any form of identity\ndocument. Since the adoption of the law on Mobilisation in Ukraine, beyond the reporting period on\nwhich the data in this report is based, the announced suspension of consular services has led to a\nsurge in applications for travel documents at Ukrainian Consulates in Warsaw, Lublin, Krakow, and\nGdansk, with UNHCR protection monitors noting further increased waiting times and long queues.\n\nIn view of the issues above, timely access to reliable legal assistance remains a top priority. Recent\nfindings from IRC highlight that 51% of respondents interviewed as part of IRC\u2019s protection monitoring\nexercise report having current legal needs. Of these, 26% specified challenges with navigating the legal\nsystem and accessing social benefits and 10% mentioned issues related to legal status. [12]\n\n\n\n11 UNHCR, _UNHCR Comments and Observations on the Draft Law amending the Act on Assistance to Citizens of Ukraine in the_\n\n_Context of Armed Conflict in Ukraine (\"the Special Act\"),_ [April 2024, available at: https://bit.ly/3Vm7aSh.](https://bit.ly/3Vm7aSh)\n12 International Rescue Committee (IRC), _Protection Monitoring Report September-December 2023_, March 2024, available at:\n\n[https://bit.ly/3WZWoSX.](https://bit.ly/3WZWoSX)\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring\nexercise report", - "confidence": 0.9138115048408508, - "start": 376, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6776702404022217, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IRC", - "confidence": 0.8071262836456299, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.53094881772995, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9558737874031067, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As per findings from a recent study conducted by Deloitte and UNHCR on the impact of refugees on\nthe Polish economy [13], between 225 and 350 thousand refugees from Ukraine are estimated to be\nworking in Poland (the employment rate of refugees from Ukraine in Poland is the highest among OECD\ncountries [14] ). In total, the general government revenue increased by 0.8-1.1% in 2022 and 1.05-1.45%\nin 2023, as a direct result of the inclusion and active participation of refugees from Ukraine in the Polish\nlabour market, including through paying taxes and opening businesses. In monetary terms, this\namounts to a 10.1-13.7 billion PLN contribution in 2022 and 14.7-19.9 billion PLN contribution in 2023. [15]\n\n\n**Main activity in Poland (respondents aged 18-59)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_20 March 2024, Rzeszow University Open Day and Job Fair \u00a9UNHCR_\n\n\n13 Deloitte and UNHCR, _Poland: Analysis of the impact of refugees from Ukraine on the economy of Poland_, March 2024, available\n\n[at: https://bit.ly/3Vl5tUQ.](https://bit.ly/3Vl5tUQ)\n14 OECD, _International Migration Outlook 2023, October 2023,_ [available at: https://bit.ly/4bBNWgX.](https://bit.ly/4bBNWgX)\n15 _Supra_ . Fn 12.\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - 19% report not having a formal contract with their employer;\n\n - 10% report not having regular access or only partial access to their earnings, while 2% report\nnot having access to their earnings at all;\n\n - 21% report working excessively long hours and 2% report their identity documents have been\ncollected and kept by their employer and\n\n - Over half of respondents report working below their level of skills and qualifications.\n\n**Formal contract with employer** **Working excessively long hours**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFocusing on working-age women (aged 18-59), it's notable that while 50% of refugees in this\ndemographic are employed, a significant 22% are not working due to family responsibilities. This\nhighlights the need for better access to childcare and care services for older persons and persons with\ndisabilities to facilitate their participation in the workforce.\n\nData from protection monitoring is bolstered by findings from participatory assessments conducted by\nUNHCR at the end of 2023. Between September and November 2023, UNHCR, with the support of\nlocal partners, conducted 77 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 12 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs).\nIn total UNHCR interviewed 654 individuals. [16] One of the main themes focused on during the\ndiscussions was Livelihoods and Economic Inclusion.\n\nFocus group discussions highlighted difficulties faced by refugees from Ukraine on the labour market.\nParticipants highlighted issues related to employment contracts. Some Polish employers delayed the\nsigning of the contract, did not sign the contract at all or gave contracts that did not reflect the actual\nnumber of working hours. Non-formal labour relationships jeopardize the well-being and social security\n\n\n16 Interviews were conducted in 6 voivodeships, in locations including collective shelters, community centres, NGOs premises,\n\npublic institutions, schools, and UNHCR offices. Discussions were moderated by UNHCR staff, Protection Monitors and\npartner organizations\u2019 staff, and had a semi-structured formula.\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8029265999794006, - "start": 163, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7975961565971375, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7678423523902893, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working-age women", - "confidence": 0.5604599714279175, - "start": 99, - "end": 101 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8725998997688293, - "start": 198, - "end": 201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8651914596557617, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.762851893901825, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6449543237686157, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6793193817138672, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.6246598958969116, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social security\n\n\n16 Interviews", - "confidence": 0.6805930733680725, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.682765007019043, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "6 voivodeships", - "confidence": 0.8525056838989258, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9753581881523132, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u201cMy friends saw a document at the factory describing how many parts_\n_employees need to produce. One Ukrainian person should produce 3000 parts_\n_and one Polish person 1500 parts monthly. When Ukrainian employees complained,_\n\n_the boss responded that it was in the contract, so they resigned without pay._\n\n_They only got 200z\u0142 for the ticket back to Ukraine.\u201d_\n\n - 39-year-old woman from Ukraine, living in Krakow\n\n\nRecent research by the Polish Economic Institute from February 2024 [18 ] additionally found that refugees\nfrom Ukraine may face challenges within the workplace as compared to their Polish colleagues in\nrelation to workload and treatment. Additionally, according to findings by the International Rescue\nCommittee (\u201cIRC\u201d), almost 53% of respondents indicated at least one form of labour exploitation and\ndiscrimination in the workplace. [19] Beyond just the workplace, a quarter of respondents as part of\nUNHCR protection monitoring reported to have been exposed to some form of mistreatment in Poland\nin the last three months.\n\nLinks between labour exploitation and human trafficking risks are unassailable as the Group of Experts\non Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (\u201cGRETA\u201d) reports that the number of persons trafficked\nto Poland for the purpose of forced labour has increased over the years. [20] While data shows that labour\nexploitation is most salient in the agriculture, construction and food industries, [21] an often overlooked\nand undocumented industry is the domestic work industry. Research conducted by CARE in October\n2023 [22] among domestic workers from Ukraine in Poland highlighted that 61% of the respondents\nexperienced unequal treatment, discrimination, harassment or abuse at work in the sector; 51% were\nforced to work while sick; and 46% reported being forced to work for too long or denied adequate rest\nand breaks.\n\n\n17 Findings in relation to the lack of formal employment contracts are also reported by the Danish Refugee Council (\u201cDRC\u201d) in\n\ntheir protection monitoring report from March 2024. The report underscores that a lack of formalised employment makes it\nextremely difficult to pursue legal recourse in case of violations. Crucially, it also deprives refugees of access to social insurance\n[in case of any work-related accidents. The report is available at: https://bit.ly/3ywgo5d.](https://bit.ly/3ywgo5d)\n18 Polish Economic Institute, _Refugees from Ukraine in the Polish labour market: opportunities and obstacles_, February 2024,\n\n[available at: https://bit.ly/4bBPAiD.](https://bit.ly/4bBPAiD)\n19 _Supra_ . fn 12.\n20 GRETA, _Evaluation Report Poland: Access to justice and effective remedies for victims of trafficking in human beings,_ June\n\n[2023, available at: https://bit.ly/4bXpbeO.](https://bit.ly/4bXpbeO)\n[21 European Commission Migration and Home Affairs website, accessed in April 2024, available at: https://bit.ly/4bArHI9.](https://bit.ly/4bArHI9)\n22 CARE, _In the Shadows: Domestic Workers in Poland_ [, October 2023, available at: https://bit.ly/4dXS78y.](https://bit.ly/4dXS78y)\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring report", - "confidence": 0.986918032169342, - "start": 364, - "end": 367 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.807546079158783, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.9839418530464172, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Danish Refugee Council", - "confidence": 0.6722564697265625, - "start": 354, - "end": 357 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Danish Refugee Council", - "confidence": 0.6449960470199585, - "start": 354, - "end": 357 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7418492436408997, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7492989897727966, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8851498961448669, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "According to data from UNHCR protection monitoring safe and affordable housing and accommodation\nremains one of the most urgent needs raised by refugees. As, out of the 87% of refugee households\nwho report having at least one urgent need, the most reported needs include: access to employment\n(39%), accommodation (27%) and healthcare (26%).\n\n\nWhile a significant proportion of refugees\nfrom Ukraine have found private\naccommodation, independently or hosted by\nfamily and friends, the rapid increase in\ndemand for housing solutions is occurring in\na context of significant pre-existing\nchallenges on the Polish housing market,\ncausing obstacles for many to accessing\nindependent accommodation outside of\ncollective sites or hosting arrangements. An\ninability to secure long-term housing has a\nmulti-faceted impact on refugees\u2019 ability to\nexercise their other rights including\neducation, employment and social\nprotection.\n\n\n_\u201cI am living here with my wife in a small flat. The only income we have is my Ukrainian pension, which_\n\n_covers only our basic needs. The language barrier and the lack of friends in Poland make us suffer._\n_We miss our house in Kherson, with a big garden with flowers and vegetables. We are planning to go_\n\n_back to Ukraine and maybe settle in the nearest village not occupied by the Russians\"_\n\n - 65 year old man from Kherson Oblast, living in Lublin\n\n\nMore than half of respondents are renting independently or renting jointly with a group of refugees on\nthe private Polish housing market. However, 12% continue to be hosted in collective sites, 12% are\nhosted in hotels/hostels by the government and 11% of respondents are hosted by relatives or Polish\nfamilies. The lack of security of tenure and temporariness of accommodation options and hosting\narrangements causes uncertainty among refugees. Among the respondents, 37% stated that they can\nstay in the current accommodation, until they will secure a long-term housing or have no specific time\nlimit. Still 38% can stay no longer than 12 months in current housing.\n\n**Types of accommodation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5450336337089539, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8568547368049622, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7185640931129456, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9508264064788818, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ossible length of stay in the current accommodation|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|36%
20%
19%
11%
5%
5%
2%
1%
No specific time limit
Don\u2019t know
Between 6 and 12 months
Between 3 and 6 months
Between 1 and 3 months
More than 12 months
Less than 1 month
Until I secure a long-term accommodation|36%
20%
19%
11%
5%
5%
2%
1%
No specific time limit
Don\u2019t know
Between 6 and 12 months
Between 3 and 6 months
Between 1 and 3 months
More than 12 months
Less than 1 month
Until I secure a long-term accommodation|36%
20%
19%
11%
5%
5%
2%
1%
No specific time limit
Don\u2019t know
Between 6 and 12 months
Between 3 and 6 months
Between 1 and 3 months
More than 12 months
Less than 1 month
Until I secure a long-term accommodation|\n||No
13%
Yes
86%|Out of refugees who are renting accommodation the
vast majority report having a rental contract with the
owner in place (86%), while 13% report not having any
form of agreement with the owner of the property.
However, as noted by the Danish Refugee Council in
their latest protection monitoring results from March
202423, a written contract may not sufficiently protect
against unfair actions imposed by a landlord such as|\n\n\nrent increases or termination without sufficient notice.\n**Rental contract with the landlord**\n\nAs of April 2024, approximately 40,000 refugees reside in collective sites contracted by the Voivodes\nor municipal authorities. [24] Refugees living in this type of accommodation are considered some of the\nmost vulnerable (predominantly persons with specific needs and disabilities, older persons and persons\nfrom minority groups, including refugees belonging to the Roma community). The lack of security of\ntenure related to closures and relocations of collective sites lead to additional pressure on refugees\nfrom Ukraine. Amendments to the Special Act in 2023 introduced financial contributions for long-term\nstays in collective shelters, aiming to prevent evictions leading to homelessness. However, further\namendments in 2024 which aim to cease benefits received by hosts (the so-called 40pln scheme) may\nincrease pressure on government-run sites.\n\nReduced support without safeguards, in particular for persons with specific needs, may heighten\nvulnerability and may spark return decisions which are not truly voluntary but induced by challenges in\naccessing rights and support in the host country. In March 2024 the unexpected and uncoordinated\nclosure of a collective site in Podkarpackie hosting mainly refugees from the Roma community led to\nlarge numbers of refugees returning to Ukraine, as they did not see any other options in Poland. [25] Key\ninformant interviews conducted by DRC confirm that return to Ukraine is seen as a main coping strategy\nin the face of eviction. [ 26] In addition, abrupt reduced support and uncoordinated closures and relocations\nfrom collectives sites may lead to heightened risks of homelessness. According to the Polish\nOmbudsman and experts from the Commission for the Prevention of Homelessness, refugees facing a\nhousing crisis without legal housing rights in Poland fulfil the definition of being in a homelessness\ncrisis, as defined in _the Act on Social Assistance_ dated March 12, 2004.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n23 Danish Refugee Council (DRC), _Protection Monitoring Analysis_ [, March 2024, available at: https://bit.ly/3ywgo5d.](https://bit.ly/3ywgo5d)\n24 Poland Shelter, Housing & Accommodation Sector, _Factsheet on Housing and Accommodation_, January 2024, available at:\n\n[https://bit.ly/4dXgh2W.](https://bit.ly/4dXgh2W)\n25 Tygodnik Powszechny, _Uchod\u017acy z o\u015brodka w Widnej G\u00f3rze na Podkarpaciu z dnia na dzie\u0144 musieli opu\u015bci\u0107 schronienie_\n\n_(Refugees from the center in Widna G\u00f3ra in Podkarpacie had to leave their shelter overnight)_, March 2024, available at:\n[https://bit.ly/4dYPPG2.](https://bit.ly/4dYPPG2)\n26 _Supra._ fn. 23.\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Access to stable forms of legal stay\n\n**UNHCR recommends the Government of the Republic of Poland to:**\n\n\n - Ensure flexibility in the application of the requirement in the amended _Special Act_ to present a\nvalid travel document to access/confirm temporary protection status and to be eligible for a\ntemporary residence permit. Particular consideration should be given to refugees from areas\nof Ukraine which are under occupation who may face additional barriers in renewing or\nreplacing documentation, as well as persons at risk of statelessness or persons with\nundetermined nationality. In addition, specific challenges may be faced by adult men between\nthe ages of 18-60 years following the recently announced suspension of access to consular\nservices.\n\n - Amend Art. 195.1.6a of _the Act on Foreigners_ to address differential treatment between\nbeneficiaries of temporary protection and persons with refugee status or subsidiary protection\nregarding eligibility for permanent residence.\n\n\n**UNHCR recommends civil society organisations and sectors to:**\n\n\n - Enhance legal counselling through group awareness activities or informational videos via\nofficial communication channels to dispel misinformation and alleviate some of the uncertainty.\n\n - Increase mobile outreach to ensure refugees across Poland, including refugees in remote\nareas, are able to access information on their legal status and their rights, with particular\nconsideration for those who are not digitally literate.\n\n### Access to safe and decent employment\n\n**UNHCR recommends the Government of the Republic of Poland to:**\n\n\n - Launch multilingual awareness campaigns and conduct free workshops with NGOs on labour\nrights.\n\n - Distribute simplified documentation in key locations such as job centres and refugee support\norganisations. Improve awareness reporting mechanisms for those facing exploitation on the\nlabour market.\n\n - Implement an anonymous reporting system, strengthen whistleblower protection laws, and\nexpand multilingual hotlines for reporting labour exploitation. Empower community leaders to\nhelp identify and report violations.\n\n - Develop subsidized childcare services for refugee parents, encourage employers to provide\non-site childcare facilities, and advocate for flexible work policies for refugee parents.\n\n\n - Expand language training programs for workplace proficiency, offer free translation and\ninterpretation services, and educate employers on accommodating language barriers.\n\n\n - Allocate more resources to the Labor Inspectorate, train inspectors on labour exploitation risks\nunique to refugees, and establish partnerships between the Labor Inspectorate and NGOs.\n\n - Recognize companies committed to fair employment, and encourage corporate social\nresponsibility policies focusing on refugee labour inclusion and safety in the workplace.\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "audits of agencies.\n\n - Develop specific initiatives for youth employment protection, with particular consideration for\nrefugee youth from minority groups. Strengthen legal frameworks and oversight to ensure that\nyouth are not exploited, particularly in informal labour sectors.\n\n### Access to dignified accommodation and long-term housing options\n\n**UNHCR recommends the Government of the Republic of Poland to:**\n\n\n - Promote access to social benefits and social housing schemes for refugees, secure continued\ncare for vulnerable refugees and provide transparent information to avoid risks of\nhomelessness and premature return decisions.\n\n - Observe a transition period ahead of the phase out of the 40pln scheme allowing for\nrelocations with clear safeguards in place in order to mitigate risks, in particular heightened\nrisks faced by persons with specific needs such as persons with disabilities and elderly\npersons.\n\n\n - Meaningfully engage with (private) hosts and refugees hosted, providing clear information on\ntheir rights and options.\n\n\n - Ensure specific regard is given to persons with specific needs in the implementation of the\nself-reliance programme proposed in _the Special Act_ amendments.\n\n\n - Invest further efforts to expand long-term low-income and affordable housing solutions aimed\nat persons in housing need, including refugees.\n\n\n - Ensure the responsibilities of voivodships in ensuring accommodation and housing for\nrefugees are clearly defined, and that clear and dignified referral pathways to safe and vetted\naccommodation options are in place.\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Poland Protection Monitoring Brief](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97143)\n\n[#1 (June to August 2022)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97143)\n\n\nPoland joint protection\nanalysis October 2023\n\n\n\n[Poland Protection Monitoring Brief](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n\n[#2 (August to November 2022)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n\n\n\n[Poland Protection Monitoring Brief](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102103)\n[#3 (23 November - 31 March 2023)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102103)\n\n\n\n\n\nWith thanks to the critical support of donors to UNHCR in Poland:\n\n### For more information:\n\n[Babiche Routledge, Protection Officer, routledg@unhcr.org](mailto:routledg@unhcr.org)\n[Vinoraj Ratnaraj, Senior Information Management Officer, ratnaraj@unhcr.org](mailto:ratnaraj@unhcr.org)\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2024 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/35e559e2-eecf-4df3-9b1a-07a92da5a3a6/FINAL%20Protection%20Brief%20Poland%20April%202024%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_389/raw/doc_389_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_389/raw/doc_389_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8339d3d61fee000d145b878fae7767e2baad2059..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_389/raw/doc_389_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Table \r of \r Contents**\n\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **3**\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS** **5**\n\n\n**BEYOND GREATER UPPER NILE: SPREAD OF INSTABILITY** **9**\n\n\n**BACKGROUND \r TO \r THE \r CONFLICT \r IN \r LAKES \r STATE** **9**\n**INTERNAL \r INSTABILITY \r AND \r CONFLICT \r IN \r LAKES \r STATE** **10**\n**IMPACT \r OF \r VIOLENCE \r ON \r THE \r POPULATION \r OF \r LAKES** **10**\n**THE \r WIDER \r CONFLICT \r IN \r SOUTH \r SUDAN** **11**\n\n\n**FREEDOM TO MOVE, FREEDOM TO MAKE CHOICES** **12**\n\n\n**UNMISS** **POC** **SITE \r IN \r BOR,** **JONGLEI \r STATE** **12**\n**ONWARD \r OPTIONS** **13**\n**VIOLENCE \r DURING \r MOVEMENT** **13**\n**COERCED \r MOVEMENT** **13**\n**MINES \r AND \r OTHER \r EXPLOSIVE \r REMNANTS \r OF \r WAR** **14**\n\n\n**RISKS TO CHILDREN IN THE CONFLICT** **14**\n\n\n**VIOLENCE \r AGAINST \r CHILDREN** **14**\n**RECRUITMENT \r OF \r CHILDREN** **14**\n**FORCED \r TO \r CROSS \r BORDERS** **15**\n\n\n**PROTECTING CIVILIANS** **15**\n\n\n**PROTECTION \r THREATS \r AROUND \r THE \r UNMISS** **POC \r SITES** **16**\n**PROTECTION \r THREATS \r INSIDE \r THE \r UNMISS** **POC \r SITES** **17**\n\n\n**SHRINKING SPACE FOR CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY** **19**\n\n\n**NGO** **BILL** **20**\n**CONTROLLING \r PUBLIC \r DEBATE** **21**\n**CLOSING \r OPERATING \r SPACES** **21**\n\n\n**CONCLUSION** **22**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Executive \r Summary**\n\nThe \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r which \r began \r on \r 15 \r December \r 2013 \r with \r the \r outbreak \r of\npolitically \r motivated \r violence, \r was \r based \r on \r presumed \r political \r loyalties \r along \r ethnic \r lines,\nand \r was \r precipitated \r by \r the \r internal \r conflict \r within \r the \r Government \r of \r the \r Republic \r of \r South\nSudan \r (GRSS), \r and \r the \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Movement \r (SPLM). \r It \r split \r into \r those \r loyal\nto \r the \r Government \r and \r those \r loyal \r to \r opposition \r forces, \r which \r have \r subsequently \r engaged\nin \r violence \r and \r violence \r through \r their \r armed \r forces \r of \r the \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation\nArmy \r (SPLA) \r and \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Army/In \r Opposition \r (SPLA/IO) \r and \r proxy\nmilitias, \r and \r community \r armed \r groups. [1]\n\nThe \r past \r ten \r months \r have \r seen \r significant \r violence \r against \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan, \r including \r direct \r violence, \r coercion \r and \r deliberate \r deprivation, \r perpetrated \r by \r all\nparties \r to \r the \r conflict \r with \r impunity. \r This \r conflict \r is \r fuelling \r food \r insecurity \r and \r forcing\npeople \r to \r take \r on \r increasingly \r negative \r coping \r strategies \r as \r markets \r continue \r to \r lie\ndestroyed \r and \r dormant, \r traders \r are \r unable \r to \r move \r goods \r safely \r around \r the \r country, \r and\nhumanitarian \r actors \r attempt \r to \r respond \r in \r a \r fragile \r security \r environment. \r The \r reporting\nperiod \r May-\u00ad\u2010September \r 2014 \r has \r witnessed \r an \r increase \r in \r negative \r coping \r strategies.\nPopulations \r now \r have \r to \r move \r across \r and \r in \r proximity \r to \r conflict \r frontlines \r to \r access\nfunctioning \r markets \r or \r goods, \r and \r risk \r sexual \r violence \r and \r other \r dangers \r to \r guarantee\nsecurity \r and \r safety \r of \r households. [2] With \r the \r dry \r season \r ahead \r the \r expectations \r are \r that\nviolence \r will \r increase \r and \r so \r will \r displacement, \r dispersion \r and \r migration \r as \r people \r seek \r to\nensure \r personal \r security \r and \r access \r to \r viable \r livelihoods \r options. \r This \r movement \r creates \r a\nsignificant \r challenge \r for \r the \r safety \r of \r populations \r and \r the \r provision \r of \r assistance.\n\nThis \r report \r aims \r to \r capture \r the \r main \r protection \r threats \r the \r population \r faced \r from \r May \r to\nSeptember \r 2014, \r as \r well \r as \r other \r key \r trends. \r It \r aims \r to \r inform \r the \r response \r of \r all\nhumanitarian \r actors \r to \r the \r protection \r threats \r faced \r by \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan. \r This \r report \r highlights \r five \r key \r issues \r in \r the \r context \r of \r the \r overall \r conflict \r and \r aims \r to\ninfluence \r dialogue \r around \r the \r viability \r of \r \u2018durable \r solutions\u2019 \r in \r 2015.\n\n###### **Beyond \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile**\n\n\nWhile \r the \r humanitarian \r response \r has \r largely \r focused \r on \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region \r and\nkey \r UNMISS \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r (PoC) \r sites \r across \r the \r country, \r instability \r and \r violence \r has\nspread \r into \r other \r states \r as \r the \r broader \r national \r conflict \r continues \r to \r exacerbate \r localised\ntensions \r and \r grievances. \r As \r a \r result, \r more \r of \r the \r population \r have \r been \r exposed \r to \r acute\nprotection \r threats \r and \r developed \r greater \r needs, \r which \r has \r exacerbated \r the \r conditions \r of\npopulations \r already \r displaced. \r The \r example \r of \r Lakes \r State \r presents \r an \r important \r case \r study.\nSharing \r a \r border \r with \r five \r states \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r including \r Unity, \r Jonglei \r and \r Central\nEquatoria, \r Lakes \r has \r seen \r an \r escalation \r in \r internal \r conflict \r caused \r by \r political \r unrest, \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\n\n\n1 \r For \r further \r analysis \r see _South \r Sudan: \r A \r Civil \r War \r By \r Any \r Other \r Name_, \r International \r Crisis\nGroup, \r Africa \r Report \r No. \r 217, \r 10 [th] April \r 2014.\n\n2 See _Initial \r Rapid \r Needs \r Assessments_ (IRNA), www.humanitarianresponse.info \r accessed \r 24\nOctober \r 2014.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9254763126373291, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8661719560623169, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South\nSudan", - "confidence": 0.9539027214050293, - "start": 374, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5903170108795166, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7115281820297241, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilian \r population", - "confidence": 0.8264144062995911, - "start": 371, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communal \r violence \r and \r violence \r against \r women \r since \r the \r start \r of \r the \r year.\n\n###### **Freedom \r to \r move, \r freedom \r to \r make \r choices**\n\n\nThere \r are \r over \r 1.8 \r million \r South \r Sudanese \r displaced \r in \r and \r outside \r of \r South \r Sudan [3] . \r This\nsituation \r is \r expected \r to \r increase \r as \r the \r June-\u00ad\u2010October \r rainy \r season \r ends \r and \r roads \r previously\nblocked \r allow \r people \r to \r move. \r However, \r since \r May \r 2014, \r a \r further \r 547,000 \r people \r have\nbecome \r internally \r displaced \r and \r 178,600 \r more \r have \r crossed \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees,\ndemonstrating \r the \r tenacity \r of \r those \r who \r have \r become \r displaced. [4] While \r some \r of \r the\npopulation \r will \r resettle, \r others \r face \r multiple \r rounds \r of \r displacement \r as \r they \r move \r away\nfrom \r conflict, \r into \r another, \r and \r move \r towards \r assistance. \r Choices \r are \r often \r limited \r and\nmany \r persons \r are \r unable \r to \r move \r free \r of \r harm. \r The \r added \r manipulation \r of \r movement \r by\narmed \r groups \r remains \r a \r concern.\n\n###### **A \r lost \r generation: \r Risks \r to \r children \r in \r conflict**\n\n\nChildren \r in \r South \r Sudan \r risk \r many \r forms \r of \r violence \r that \r make \r it \r difficult \r for \r them \r to\nreintegrate \r into \r society. \r They \r are \r deprived \r education \r due \r to \r displacement \r or \r if \r they \r live \r in\nopposition \r areas \r when \r the \r Government \r withholds \r salaries \r for \r teachers \r in \r those \r areas.\nChildren \r who \r become \r displaced \r and \r cross \r national \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees \r are \r then \r at\nrisk \r of \r recruitment \r into \r armed \r groups \r including \r the \r SPLA, \r SPLA/IO \r and \r community \r defence\nforces. \r The \r social \r fabric \r of \r whole \r communities \r is \r then \r affected \r as \r children \r are \r frequently\ndeployed \r to \r frontlines \r and \r engaged \r in \r military \r conflict \r and \r in \r some \r cases \r direct \r control \r and\ncommand.\n\n###### **Protecting \r Civilians**\n\n\nWith \r an \r estimated \r population \r of \r almost \r 100,000 \r people \r living \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites \r and\nhumanitarians \r expecting \r more \r arrivals \r as \r the \r rainy \r season \r ends \r around \r November, \r the\nissues \r of \r basic \r protection \r and \r rule \r of \r law \r continue \r to \r be \r a \r stumbling \r block \r to \r the \r human\nsecurity \r of \r people \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r As \r the \r population \r has \r expanded, \r frustrations \r related \r to\ndeteriorating \r conditions \r have \r grown \r amongst \r IDPs, \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS. \r as \r UNMISS\nis \r unable \r to \r meet \r the \r total \r protection \r needs \r of \r the \r population \r in \r the \r POC \r sites.\n\n\nWhile \r there \r have \r been \r attempts \r at \r sustained \r and \r increased \r patrolling \r by \r UNMISS\npeacekeepers, \r for \r example \r in \r Bentiu \r the \r initiative \r has \r not \r been \r rolled \r out \r systematically\nacross \r PoC \r sites \r and \r protection \r challenges \r remain, \r from \r the \r inappropriate \r handling \r of \r petty\ncrime \r in \r the \r bases, \r to \r mismanagement \r of \r community \r tensions, \r or \r the \r lack \r of\nimplementation \r of \r perimeter \r or \r key \r arterial \r route \r patrols \r to \r support \r moving \r populations.\nThis \r is \r a \r concern \r in \r the \r context \r of \r a \r shrinking \r Rule \r of \r Law \r section \r within \r UNMISS \r and \r limited\nhumanitarian \r resources \r to \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions \r and \r criminality. \r Inside \r PoC \r sites, \r tensions\nbetween \r different \r population \r groups \r have \r increased \r risks \r to \r IDPs, \r humanitarian \r personnel\nand \r others \r working \r inside.\n\n\n3 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n4 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Shrinking \r space \r for \r citizens \r and \r civil \r society**\n\nProtection \r actors \r are \r concerned \r with \r the \r pressure \r placed \r on \r national \r organisations\ncontributing \r to \r the \r humanitarian \r relief \r efforts. \r In \r addition, \r the \r curtailing \r of \r the \r work \r of\nhuman \r rights \r organizations, \r the \r media \r and \r other \r forums \r limits \r the \r potential \r for \r over-\u00ad\u2010sight \r of\nthe \r and \r its \r accountability \r to \r the \r needs \r of \r the \r population. \r This \r task \r cannot \r be \r fully \r out-\u00ad\u2010\nsourced \r to \r international \r actors. \r Ultimately \r it \r is \r the \r South \r Sudanese \r who \r must \r provide \r justice\nframeworks \r and \r a \r sustainable \r response \r to \r the \r crisis. \r Steps \r to \r end \r the \r harassment \r of\njournalists \r and \r media \r outlets \r by \r national \r security \r sector \r actors \r and \r stop \r any \r efforts \r to\ncurtail \r national \r NGOs \r through \r an \r unconstitutional \r NGO \r bill \r will \r result \r in \r significant \r steps\nbackwards \r of \r any \r attempt \r to \r bring \r a \r resolution \r to \r and \r recovery \r from \r this \r crisis \r in \r the \r longer\nterm.\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\n1. The \r international \r community \r engages \r with \r the \r parties \r of \r the \r conflict \r and\n\nencourages \r them \r to \r adhere \r to \r International \r Law \r to \r prevent \r the\nescalation \r and \r spread \r of \r conflict.\n2. Resolution \r 20155 \r (2014) \r is \r extended \r for \r 12 \r months, \r including \r Security\n\nCouncil \r guidance \r on \r increase \r of \r civilian \r protection \r components.\n3. UNMISS \r can \r improve \r efforts \r at \r patrolling; \r including \r dismounted\n\npatrolling, \r along \r key \r corridors \r of \r population \r movement.\n4. Recognising \r the \r risks, \r the \r International \r Community \r should \r refrain \r from\n\nsupporting \r forced \r disarmament \r initiatives.\n5. Displacement \r tracking \r and \r protection \r monitoring \r mechanisms \r are\n\nestablished \r country \r wide \r to \r enable \r early \r warning \r and \r improve \r response\n6. All \r efforts \r are \r made \r to \r support \r affected \r populations \r seeking \r safety \r and\n\nassistance \r during \r the \r dry \r season, \r adhering \r to \r \u2018do \r no \r harm\u2019 \r principles.\n7. Education \r needs \r are \r prioritized \r in \r humanitarian \r response \r to \r make \r youth\n\ntargeted \r programmes \r a \r focus \r in \r 2015.\n8. All \r actors \r become \r alert \r to \r the \r challenges \r of \r pending \r South \r Sudan\n\nlegislation. \r Human \r rights \r and \r civil \r society \r organisations \r should \r be\nsupported \r and \r common \r approaches \r developed \r to \r prevent \r the\nimplementation \r of \r legislation \r that \r compromises \r their \r safety \r and \r welfare.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Introduction**\n\nSince \r the \r outbreak \r of \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r the \r main \r political \r parties \r have \r entered\na \r stalemate. \r Neither \r side \r has \r honoured \r commitments \r to \r cease \r hostilities \r or \r to \r define \r a\ncommon \r framework \r for \r resolving \r the \r conflict. \r This \r is \r a \r situation \r that \r has \r uprooted \r 1.8\nmillion \r people, \r and \r precipitated \r one \r of \r the \r largest \r humanitarian \r emergencies \r in \r the \r region.\nA \r disconnect \r between \r the \r mediation \r process, \r political \r events, \r and \r the \r landscape \r of \r military\nengagement \r and \r armed \r conflict \r is \r clearly \r apparent. \r The \r Intergovernmental \r Authority \r for\nDevelopment \r (IGAD), \r a \r key \r sponsor \r of \r the \r mediation \r process \r and \r the \r international\ncommunity \r at \r large, \r has \r so \r far \r not \r succeeded \r in \r ensuring \r that _issues \r of \r accountability_ are\nappropriately \r addressed \r in \r the \r conflict. [5] A \r powerful \r reminder \r of \r the \r failure \r to \r address\naccountability \r for \r human \r rights \r violations \r in \r armed \r conflict \r is \r the \r now \r redundant \r 2005\nComprehensive \r Peace \r Agreement \r (CPA).\n\nThis \r is \r the \r third \r in \r a \r series \r of \r protection \r trends \r analysis \r papers \r (January \r and \r May \r 2014) \r from\nthe \r South \r Sudan \r Protection \r Cluster. \r It \r discusses \r the \r critical \r and \r emerging \r protection \r trends\nthat \r have \r characterized \r the \r period \r between \r May \r and \r September \r 2014. [6] These \r include \r the\n**rise \r of \r sexual \r violence**, **forced \r child \r recruitment**, **restrictions \r to \r freedom \r of \r movement** for\nconflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r populations. \r This \r is \r in \r addition \r to \r punitive \r government \r regulations \r imposed\non \r civil \r society \r in \r contravention \r of \r international \r human \r rights \r standards.\n\n\n**Physical \r insecurity \r caused \r by \r armed \r conflict \r remains \r the \r single \r largest \r protection \r threat \r in**\n**South \r Sudan.** Since \r the \r May \r 2014 \r Protection \r Trends \r Analysis, \r the \r humanitarian \r community\nhas \r witnessed \r an \r entrenchment \r of \r violence \r and \r its \r impacts. \r Trends \r observed \r in \r this \r report\nexplain \r a \r continuation \r or \r consequence \r of \r that \r ongoing \r instability \r and \r violence.\n\n\nThe \r anticipated \r lull \r in \r fighting \r during \r the \r rainy \r season \r (May-\u00ad\u2010October) \r has \r not \r transpired.\nMilitary \r activities \r continue \r in \r the \r states \r of \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r Jonglei, \r Unity \r and \r Upper\nNile. [7] Coupled \r with \r food \r insecurity, \r violence \r has \r continued \r to \r displace \r populations \r across\nSouth \r Sudan.\n\n\nBetween \r May \r and \r September \r 2014 \r a \r further \r 547,000 \r people \r have \r become \r internally\ndisplaced \r and \r 178,600 \r have \r crossed \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees. [8] Violence \r has \r spread\nthroughout \r the \r country, \r with pockets \r of \r military \r defections \r and \r desertions \r seen \r in \r the\nGreater \r Bahr \r El-\u00ad\u2010Ghazals \r and \r Greater \r Equatorias \r States. [9] There \r are \r also \r reports \r of \r pre-\u00ad\u2010\nemptive \r displacement \r from \r these \r regions \r as \r populations \r fear \r the \r result \r of \r reported \r or\nreconfigurations \r of \r political \r alliances, \r experience \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r conflict \r and \r fear \r an \r increase \r in\n\n\n5 Since \r January \r 2014, \r the \r Cessation \r of \r Hostilities \r (CoH) \r Agreement \r has \r been \r signed \r twice \r and\neach \r time \r abrogated.\n\n6 Protection \r Trends \r Papers \r can \r be \r found \r on \r http://southsudanprotectioncluster.org/.\n7 Hutton, \r L., _South \r Sudan: \r From \r Fragility \r at \r Independence \r to \r a \r Crisis \r of \r Sovereignty_,\nClingendael \r Institute, \r March \r 2014.\n\n8 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n9 _Macro \r Analysis \r of \r Conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan_, \r Protection \r Cluster, \r August \r 2014.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "military \r engagement \r during \r the \r dry \r season \r when \r unblocked \r roads \r make \r units \r more\nmobile. [10]\n\n\nStates \r previously \r deemed \r \u201cstable\u201d \r are \r becoming \r embroiled \r in \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence \r as\npopulations \r face \r pressure \r to \r align \r with \r a \r particular \r political \r authority \r and \r fall \r under \r its\ncontrol. \r Lakes \r State \r is \r an \r example. \r The \r Government \r has \r conducted \r disarmament \r campaigns\nof \r the \r Opposition \r while \r at \r the \r same \r time \r encouraged, \r localised \r violence \r as \r a \r form \r of\npolitical \r survivalism. \r Despite \r this, \r Lakes \r State \r in \r recent \r months \r has \r erupted \r in \r violence,\ndemonstrating \r the \r pressure \r on \r the \r population \r to \r take \r sides \r and \r also \r which \r has \r linked \r local\nand \r national \r tensions, \r and \r eroded \r citizen-\u00ad\u2010government \r relations \r across \r the \r country. \r .\n\nAs \r the \r resources \r for \r the \r conflict \r focus \r largely \r on \r the \r most \r affected \r States, \r a \r broader \r lens \r is\nrequired. \r The \r emphasis \r is \r on \r the \r humanitarian \r community \r to \r be \r flexible \r enough \r to \r respond\nto \r a \r shifting \r conflict \r but \r also \r active \r in \r reminding \r the \r political \r community \r it \r must \r intervene \r to\nprevent \r conflict \r from \r spreading.\n\n\n**Food \r insecurity \r and \r conflict \r is \r forcing \r people \r to \r move \r in \r search \r of \r safety \r and \r assistance.** A\ndilemma \r is \r created \r when \r the \r population \r seeks \r help \r but \r must \r put \r itself \r in \r harm\u2019s \r way \r to \r do\nso. \r Armed \r actors \r have \r continued \r to \r perpetrate \r an \r armed \r conflict \r through \r the \r deliberate\ntargeting \r of \r the \r civilian \r population \r and \r key \r social \r and \r economic \r networks \r for \r the \r purposes\nof \r social \r control, \r resource \r acquisition, \r collective \r punishment \r and \r ultimately \r the\nmaintenance \r of \r armed \r conflict. \r Civilians \r are \r regularly \r denied \r access \r to \r essential \r services \r and\naccess \r to \r livelihoods. \r Markets \r have \r been \r destroyed \r and/or \r looted \r and \r people \r are \r prone \r to\nphysical \r harassment \r or \r attack \r as \r a \r result \r of \r their \r political \r and/or \r ethnic \r identity. **[11]** Gender\nbased \r and \r sexual \r violence \r whilst \r not \r a \r new \r threat \r to \r people \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r where \r domestic\nviolence, \r abductions \r of \r girls \r and \r forced \r marriages \r existed \r in \r society \r before \r the \r crisis, \r but \r it \r is\nmore \r complex \r during \r armed \r conflict, \r with \r different \r risks, \r threats \r of \r exposure, \r and \r intentions\ninvolved. \r The \r UN \r Special \r Representative \r of \r the \r Secretary-\u00ad\u2010General \r on \r Sexual \r Violence \r in\nConflict \r Ms. \r Zainab \r Hawa \r Bangura \r noted \r violations \r including \r the \r widespread, \r targeted \r and\nbrutal \r rape \r of \r women, \r men \r and \r children \r within \r and \r outside \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r (PoC)\nsites, \r and \r in \r rural \r locations. \r Also \r reported \r were \r increases \r in \r domestic \r rape, \r abductions \r and\nappropriations \r of \r \u201cSPLA \r wives\u201d, \r as \r well \r as \r the \r castration \r of \r boys \r of \r perceived \r \u201cfighting \r age\u201d.\nRisks \r of \r sexual \r violence \r have \r been \r particularly \r evident \r during \r movement \r of \r populations \r in\nsearch \r of \r food, \r goods \r and \r services \r and \r other \r livelihoods \r assets.\n\n\nViolence, \r displacement \r and \r coercion \r in \r conflict \r have \r all \r contributed \r to **create \r a \r broad**\n**spectrum \r of \r vulnerability** and \r exacerbate \r the \r threats \r faced \r by \r key \r population \r groups\nincluding \r children, \r elderly \r persons, \r and \r persons \r with \r disabilities. \r For \r persons \r with \r disabilities\nand \r the \r elderly \r the \r risk \r of \r being \r excluded \r or \r invisible \r within \r emergency \r response \r or\ndeprioritised \r at \r the \r household \r level \r or \r within \r the \r community \r as \r resources \r become \r scarce \r is\nhigh.\n\n\n10 Consultations \r with \r South \r Sudan \r thematic \r and \r context \r experts, \r August \r 2014.\n11 _Massacres, \r Unlawful \r killings \r and \r Pillage,_ Human \r Rights \r Watch, \r August \r 2014.\nhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/08/south-sudan-massacres-unlawful-killings-pillage, \r accessed \r 24\nOctober, \r 2014.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Children \r continue \r to \r be \r vulnerable \r to \r broadened \r threats.** The \r impact \r of \r the \r conflict \r on\nchildren \r has \r been \r grave \r and \r become \r more \r pronounced \r during \r this \r reporting \r period.\nHumanitarian \r agencies \r have \r reported \r that \r thousands \r of \r children \r continue \r to \r be \r forcibly\nrecruited \r into \r the \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010in-\u00ad\u2010Opposition. [12] Others \r have \r been \r forced \r to \r join\ncommunity \r defence \r groups \r and \r been \r used \r routinely \r to \r man \r frontlines. \r Thousands \r have\nbeen \r killed, \r maimed, \r raped, \r and \r forced \r to \r take \r inordinate \r risks \r to \r support \r their \r families. \r Of\nthe \r 1.8 \r million \r people \r displaced \r by \r the \r conflict \r it \r is \r assumed \r that \r 60% \r of \r them \r are \r children\nand \r adolescents. [13]\n\n**Inside \r the \r UNMISS \r POC \r sites \r tensions \r have \r continued \r to \r grow.** Negative \r coping \r strategies\nhave \r become \r increasingly \r apparent \r during \r this \r reporting \r period. \r Individuals \r have \r engaged \r in\nsex \r for \r supplies, \r quick \r sales \r of \r productive \r assets \r and \r been \r forced \r to \r move \r across \r hostile\nfrontlines \r or \r through \r checkpoints \r to \r secure \r access \r to \r protection \r and \r livelihoods \r assets. \r The\nchallenges \r of \r improving \r conditions \r and \r providing \r services \r to \r basic \r standards \r and \r providing\nsecurity \r without \r and \r outside \r PoCs\u2019 \r sites \r remain \r a \r significant \r challenge. \r The \r upcoming \r dry\nseason \r is \r expected \r to \r bring \r new \r levels \r of \r violence \r and \r this \r could \r precipitate \r new \r arrivals \r to\nUNMISS \r PoC \r sites. [14]\n\n**Measures \r to \r promote \r accountability \r and \r national \r dialogue \r have \r taken \r a \r blow** this\nreporting \r period. \r In \r recent \r months \r unlawful \r restrictions \r have \r been \r placed \r on \r the \r media \r and\nincreasing \r moves \r to \r regulate \r civil \r society \r actors \r and \r citizens \r are \r apparent. \r A \r planned,\nrestrictive \r NGO \r Bill, \r could \r potentially \r place \r protection \r related \r activities \r and \r broader\ngovernance \r or \r accountability \r interventions \r in \r contravention \r of \r national \r sovereignty \r and\nthereby \r allow \r punitive \r actions \r to \r be \r taken. \r Worryingly, \r the \r passing \r of \r a \r National \r Security \r Bill\nin \r October \r 2014 \r has \r granted \r the \r security \r forces \r unrestricted \r and \r sweeping \r powers \r of\ndetention. \r It \r can \r now \r make \r arrests \r to \r protect \r state \r interests \r against \r a \r range \r of \r vague\nthreats \r to \r South \r Sudan \r sovereignty. \r This \r delivers \r a \r severe \r blow \r to \r the \r autonomy \r of \r national\norganisations \r who \r seek \r to \r assist \r the \r humanitarian \r response \r but \r also \r to \r engage \r in \r critical\nprotection, \r human \r rights \r and \r accountability \r activities.\n\n**Humanitarian \r actors \r alone \r cannot** address \r the \r significant \r and \r protection \r threats \r faced \r by\nSouth \r Sudan. \r Since \r the \r start \r of \r the \r conflict, \r high \r level \r delegations \r and \r visits \r from \r the \r UN\nSecretary \r General \r (April \r 2014), \r the \r UN \r High \r Commissioner \r for \r Human \r Rights \r (April \r 2014),\nthe \r Special \r Advisor \r on \r the \r Prevention \r of \r Genocide \r (April \r 2014), \r the \r SRSG \r for \r Children \r in\nArmed \r Conflict \r (July \r 2014), \r the \r United \r Nations \r Security \r Council \r (August \r 2014), \r the \r AU\nCommission \r of \r Inquiry \r (August \r 2014) \r are \r welcome \r signals \r of \r the \r commitment \r of \r the\n\n\n\n12 \r Over \r 9000 \r child \r soldiers \r were \r reported \r in \r April \r 2014. \r Despite \r commitments \r made \r to \r the\nSRSG \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r in \r July \r 2014, \r protection \r actors \r and \r other \r humanitarians \r continue\nto \r report \r visible \r mobilisation \r of \r youth. \r See \r http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58007.html,\naccessed \r 24 \r October, \r 2014\n\n13 \r See \r http://www.unicef.org/esaro/Children_in_Sudan_summary_sheet_final.pdf, \r accessed\n24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n14 \r See _OCHA \r Situation \r Reports_, \r January \r to \r October \r 2104, \r at\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/, \r accessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "international \r community \r to \r promote \r accountability \r and \r lasting \r political \r and \r national\nsolutions \r to \r the \r current \r crisis. \r Sustained \r engagement \r from \r both \r the \r donor \r and \r diplomatic\ncommunity \r will \r be \r an \r essential \r precondition \r to \r effective \r humanitarian \r response.\n\n#### **Beyond \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile**\n\nWhile \r much \r violence \r has \r been \r reported \r in \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region, \r the \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\nconnectedness \r of \r this \r conflict \r across \r the \r country \r cannot \r be \r under-\u00ad\u2010estimated. \r The \r ethnic\nframing \r of \r the \r conflict \r is \r having \r a \r significant \r impact \r on \r the \r civilian \r population. \r Groups \r have\nbeen \r galvanised \r in \r their \r loyalties. \r The \r \u2018Nuer\u2019 \r in \r particular \r have \r developed \r a \r pan-\u00ad\u2010identity \r that\nlinks \r back \r to \r historic \r grievances \r for \r the \r group \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r However \r this \r does \r not \r mean\nwe \r can \r assume \r that \r states \r not \r configured \r along \r ethnic \r lines, \r such \r as \r Upper \r Nile \r State, \r are\nimmune \r from \r the \r spread \r of \r conflict. \r Escalating \r violence \r in \r Lakes \r State \r is \r a \r good \r illustration\nof \r the \r point, \r and \r the \r next \r section \r aims \r to \r provide \r a \r more \r detailed \r understanding \r of \r the\nunique \r risks \r of \r the \r current \r conflict \r to \r the \r Greater \r Bahr \r el \r Ghazal \r region \r in \r particular.\n\n\nWhilst \r tempting \r to \r isolate \r events \r in \r Lakes \r State \r to \r a \r simplistic \r issue \r of \r seasonal \r resource\ncompetition \r or \r parochial \r clan \r violence, \r the \r causal \r attributes \r mirror \r those \r at \r a \r national \r level:\na \r crisis \r of \r governance, \r militarisation \r of \r political \r leadership, \r mobilisation \r of \r armed \r groups,\ninstability \r caused \r by \r violent \r cattle \r raiding, \r and \r increased \r sense \r of \r marginalisation \r amongst\nan \r increasingly \r disaffected \r youth \r population \r with \r easy \r access \r to \r arms.\n\n\n**Background \r to \r the \r conflict \r in \r Lakes \r State**\nLakes \r State \r is \r primarily \r comprised \r of \r members \r of \r the \r Dinka \r ethnic \r grouping, \r which \r is \r made\nup \r of \r different \r sections \r and \r clans, \r except \r Wulu \r County, \r which \r is \r predominated \r by \r Jur \r Bel\nand \r Bongo \r people. \r A \r significant \r proportion \r of \r the \r population \r is \r reliant \r on \r cattle \r rearing \r and\nherding \r as \r their \r main \r economic \r activity \r and \r so \r highly \r prone \r to \r cross-\u00ad\u2010state \r and \r internal \r cattle\nraiding. In \r Lakes \r State \r local \r youth \r and \r key \r political \r leaders \r seeking \r advantage \r continue \r to\ndirect \r attacks \r on \r various \r sections \r of \r the \r population \r and \r destabilize \r the \r state.\n\n\nSeasonal \r cattle \r raiding \r in \r Lakes \r State \r can \r relate \r to \r fights \r over \r land, \r access \r to \r water, \r dowry\ncompetition, \r the \r abduction \r of \r children, \r and \r in \r some \r cases, \r revenge \r for \r past \r grievances.\nSuch \r trends \r have \r plagued \r the \r area \r since \r 2005. \r Likewise, \r raids \r into \r and \r from \r Warrap \r State,\nUnity \r State, \r and \r parts \r of \r the \r Equatorias \r also \r take \r place \r over \r contests \r for \r key \r resources. \r Past\ngrievances \r and \r justice-\u00ad\u2010seeking \r behavior \r amongst \r communities \r is \r finding \r new \r expression \r in\nmore \r brutal \r forms \r of \r violence. \r Each \r new \r cycle \r of \r violence \r seems \r to \r aid \r and \r abet \r a \r more\nvicious \r retaliation. \r The \r lack \r of \r state \r accountability \r for \r past \r attacks \r feeds \r retaliatory \r cycles \r as\ncommunities \r take \r matters \r into \r their \r own \r hands \r and \r the \r gulf \r between \r citizens\u2019 \r expectations\nof \r the \r state \r and \r its \r actual \r performance \r widen. \r Despite \r efforts \r to \r improve \r local \r access \r to\njustice \r mechanisms, \r impunity \r for \r violence, \r especially \r homicide, \r rape, \r and \r destruction \r of\ncivilian \r property, \r have \r not \r been \r appropriately \r acknowledged \r or \r addressed \r by \r the \r state\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government \r or \r national \r actors. \r Disarming \r youth \r has \r hitherto \r failed \r and \r led \r to \r more\nviolence. [15]\n\n\nCommunities \r are \r heavily \r armed \r across \r the \r state. \r The \r proliferation \r of \r civilian \r militias \r is \r in\npart \r due \r to \r the \r deliberate \r arming \r of \r selected \r cattle \r camp \r youth \r (Gelweng/Titweng) \r by\ninfluential \r political \r leaders \r (former \r Governors, \r commissioners \r and \r others) \r for \r the \r purposes\nof \r building \r their \r own \r protection \r forces \r and \r creating \r an \r overall \r home \r guard. \r In \r the \r context \r of\npervasive \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence \r across \r the \r state, \r neighboring \r clans \r and \r sections \r have \r in\nturn \r mobilized \r and \r armed \r themselves. \r The \r 5 \r August \r 2014 \r assassination \r of \r Chief \r Apareer\nChut, \r an \r elder \r relative \r of \r the \r Governor, \r sparked \r a \r renewed \r cycle \r of \r violence \r against \r civilians\nfrom \r rival \r Dinka \r clans \r (Gony \r and \r Thyuiic), \r inciting \r sexual \r violence \r and \r attacks \r on \r women \r and\nchildren. \r This \r destabilized \r a \r population \r already \r living \r under \r untenable \r conditions \r of\ninsecurity \r and \r chronic \r humanitarian \r need.\n\n\nA \r bitter \r taste \r lingers \r from \r the \r Governor\u2019s \r January \r 2014 \r decision \r to \r order \r the \r arbitrary\narrests \r and \r illegal \r detention \r of \r over \r 130 \r civilians \r suspected \r of \r armed \r violence \r and \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r fighting. \r Families \r of \r those \r arrested \r were \r also \r detained, \r mistreated \r and \r in \r some\ncase \r there \r are \r reports \r of \r torture \r being \r used \r by \r state \r forces \r against \r women \r and \r the \r elderly. [16]\n\n###### **Internal \r instability \r and \r conflict \r in \r Lakes \r State**\n\nSharing \r a \r border \r with \r five \r other \r States, \r Lakes \r States \r has \r historically \r been \r prone \r to \r violent\ncattle \r raiding \r between \r Dinka \r sub-\u00ad\u2010clans, \r and \r political \r instability. \r During \r the \r Second \r Sudan\narmed \r conflict, \r between \r 1983 \r and \r 2005, \r Lakes \r State \r was \r a \r key \r strategic \r military \r base \r for \r the\nSPLM/A \r and \r became \r highly \r militarised. \r In \r recent \r months, \r inter-\u00ad\u2010 \r and \r intra-\u00ad\u2010 \r Dinka \r clan\nviolence \r has \r spiraled \r out \r of \r control \r in \r the \r form \r of \r revenge \r style \r killings, \r deliberate \r attacks\nagainst \r women \r and \r children \r (including \r widespread \r rape), \r and \r the \r destruction \r and \r looting \r of\ncritical \r community \r livelihoods \r assets. \r An \r open \r conflict \r between \r Governor \r Matur \r Chol \r Dhoul,\nthe \r state \r SPLM \r apparatus, \r and \r citizens, \r has \r also \r led \r to \r a \r spate \r of \r arbitrary \r arrests \r of \r local\nchiefs, \r violent \r repression \r of \r youth \r and \r reprisal \r communal \r attacks. \r Broad \r based \r opposition\nagainst \r the \r Governor \r has \r most \r clearly \r been \r demonstrated \r by \r the \r Lakes \r State \r Legislative\nAssembly \r (SLA) \r requesting \r Presidential \r action \r to \r remove \r the \r Governor.\n\n\n**Impact \r of \r violence \r on \r the \r population \r of \r Lakes**\nThere \r were \r reports \r of \r an \r alarming \r increase \r in \r the \r displacement \r of \r hundreds \r of \r women,\nchildren \r and \r elderly \r across \r Rumbek \r East \r and \r West, \r Yirol \r East \r and \r West, \r and \r some \r parts \r of\nCueibet \r and \r Awerial \r in \r August \r 2014. [17] These \r displaced \r households \r are \r exceptionally\nvulnerable \r as \r they \r have \r been \r dislocated \r from \r local \r protection \r mechanisms, \r essential\nmarkets \r and \r services, \r and \r make \r an \r easy \r target \r for \r armed \r actors \r seeking \r resources, \r as \r many\nhave \r fled \r with \r cattle \r and \r are \r only \r able \r to \r move \r at \r night. \r Women \r and \r children \r are \r at \r high \r risk\nof \r sexual \r violence, \r abduction, \r and \r indiscriminate \r violence, \r and \r have \r been \r forced \r away \r from\nimportant \r grazing \r and \r agricultural \r land, \r weakening \r their \r capacity \r to \r support \r the \r more\n\n\n15 \r See, \r Saferworld \r reports \r on \r civilian \r disarmament \r in \r Lakes \r State \r www.saferworld.org.\nAccessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n16 \r Information \r from \r civil \r society \r and \r other \r actors \r present \r in \r Lakes \r State. \r .\n17 \r Information \r from \r humanitarian \r organisations: \r Protection \r Cluster, \r UNDSS \r and \r UNMISS.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vulnerable \r amongst \r them. \r In \r a \r State \r already \r experiencing \r crisis \r levels \r of \r food \r insecurity \r and\nloss \r of \r cattle \r in \r raids, \r the \r current \r violence \r will \r devastate \r large \r numbers \r of \r people \r currently\noutside \r of \r humanitarian \r assistance.\n\n\nThe \r armed \r conflict \r is \r also \r taking \r its \r own \r toll \r on \r residents \r of \r Lakes \r State \r who \r are \r playing \r host\nto \r thousands \r of \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010displaced \r from \r Jonglei \r State. \r Deserting \r and \r defecting \r forces \r have\nused \r the \r state \r as \r a \r key \r transit \r route, \r raiding \r and \r stealing \r local \r food \r stocks \r on \r the \r way. \r There\nare \r also \r unconfirmed \r reports \r of \r households \r being \r forced \r to \r divest \r themselves \r of \r essential\nresources \r to \r support \r the \r armed \r conflict \r effort, \r including \r cattle \r and \r food. [18]\n\n\nPerceived \r or \r actual \r threats \r from \r the \r SPLM/A \r in \r Opposition \r or \r deserting \r forces \r are \r likely \r to\ncause \r pre-\u00ad\u2010emptive \r displacement \r of \r populations \r as \r was \r recently \r the \r case \r when \r Peter \r Gadet\nmoved \r south \r from \r Unity \r State. \r Such \r threats \r include \r reports \r of \r cattle \r looting \r and \r sexual\nviolence \r as \r deserting \r troops \r and \r the \r SPLA \r move \r through \r different \r parts \r of \r the \r state. \r Lakes\nwill \r remain \r a \r transit \r point \r for \r different \r armed \r groups \r in \r months \r to \r come \r and \r if \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r violence \r continues \r it \r will \r pose \r new \r risks \r to \r civilians \r caught \r in \r the \r middle.\n\n\n**The \r wider \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan**\nThe \r current \r Governor \r of \r Lakes \r State, \r Governor \r Dhuol, \r was \r appointed \r as \r a \r \u201ccaretaker\u201d \r by\nPresident \r Salva \r Kiir \r in \r January \r 2013, \r replacing \r Chol \r Tong \r Mayay \r who \r is \r from \r a \r rival \r clan \r to\nDhuol \r (and \r was \r later \r arrested \r in \r December \r 2013 \r and \r accused \r of \r instigating \r a \r coup \r with \r Riek\nMachar) \r and \r had \r previously \r failed \r to \r address \r Rumbek\u2019s \r vicious \r conflicts \r between \r Dinka \r Rup\nand \r Kuei \r clans \r that \r raged \r in \r 2012. \r Governor \r Dhuol \r was \r tasked \r with \r bringing \r stability \r but \r his\nleadership \r has \r been \r questioned \r and \r a \r State \r parliamentary \r motion \r sought \r his \r removal \r in\nAugust \r 2014. [19] This \r same \r breakdown \r in \r trust \r continues \r to \r permeate \r communities \r across\nconflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r areas \r of \r Lakes.\n\n\nThe \r Governor\u2019s \r improper \r dealings \r with \r the \r political \r opposition \r and \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence\nhas \r increased \r youth \r violence \r against \r the \r State \r and \r led \r to \r increasingly \r violent \r communal\nattacks. \r The \r Governor \r has \r recently \r attempted \r to \r forcibly \r disarm \r armed \r youth \r from \r certain\nclans \r and \r communities, \r igniting \r tensions \r between \r rival \r communities, \r and \r mobilizing \r youth\nto \r fiercely \r resist \r the \r SPLA \r and \r chiefs \r leading \r the \r process. \r This \r has \r occurred \r against \r a\nbackdrop \r whereby \r youth \r continue \r to \r be \r armed \r and \r mobilized \r by \r the \r Governor \r in \r the \r name\nof \r \u201ccommunity \r security\u201d. \r This \r oscillating \r process \r of \r arming \r and \r then \r disarming \r youth \r groups\nis \r a \r common \r theme \r for \r the \r SPLA, \r who \r flood \r locations \r with \r weapons \r and \r then \r retrieve \r them\nonce \r they \r perceive \r the \r situation \r has \r abated \r or \r spiraled \r out \r of \r control.\n\n\nDisarmament \r campaigns \r have \r a \r negative \r history \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r with \r the \r SPLA \r often \r being\nheavy \r handed, \r violent \r and \r lacking \r discipline \r in \r the \r process. \r In \r Jonglei \r in \r 2013 \r over \r 100,000\npeople \r were \r displaced \r and \r up \r to \r 90% \r of \r some \r villages \r were \r destroyed \r by \r the \r SPLA \r in \r one\nsuch \r exercise. \r The \r situation \r in \r Lakes \r provides \r an \r early \r warning \r of \r how \r political \r vacuums \r and\ntensions \r can \r be \r exploited \r to \r fuel \r tensions, \r and \r potentially \r create \r broader \r instability.\n\n\n18 Reported \r by \r individual \r community \r members \r to \r humanitarian \r partners \r July-\u00ad\u2010August \r 2014.\n19 \r See \r Manyuon, \r P., _Genesis \r of \r Lakes \r Crisis \r in \r South \r Sudan_ (Part \r 2), \r Sudan \r Tribune, \r at\nhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article52660, \r accessed \r October \r 24, \r 2014.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Freedom \r to \r move, \r freedom \r to \r make \r choices**\n\nDuring \r the \r reporting \r period, \r the \r exposure \r of \r the \r civilian \r populations \r to \r violence \r and\nprotection \r threats \r is \r related \r to \r movement, \r including \r the \r targeting \r of \r civilian \r populations _in_\n_situ_ . \r People \r moving \r in \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r and \r increasingly \r other \r locations \r such \r as \r from\nNorthern \r Bahr \r El \r Ghazal \r into \r Darfur, \r search \r for \r food, \r water, \r and \r essential \r services, \r as \r well \r as\nto \r reunite \r with \r families. \r Each \r movement \r carries \r potential \r risk. \r Only \r when \r populations \r are\nable \r to \r move \r safely \r will \r they \r be \r able \r to \r find \r security \r and \r provide \r for \r their \r needs.\n\n\nWhen \r discussing \r the \r limited _freedom_ of \r movement \r in \r South \r Sudan \r this \r does \r not \r mean \r that\nthere \r is \r no \r movement \r of \r affected \r populations. \r The \r current \r situation \r is \r one \r of \r extremes: \r no\nmovement \r by \r some \r populations \r and \r hyper-\u00ad\u2010movement \r of \r others. \r The \r common \r denominator\nis \r a \r lack \r of \r real \r choice \r and \r inability \r to \r move \r free \r of \r harm \r and \r intimidation. \r The \r most \r basic\nprotective \r mechanism \r that \r all \r populations \r require \r is \r freedom \r to \r seek \r safety. \r Displacement\nhas \r historically \r been \r a \r coping \r mechanism \r for \r civilians \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r to \r move \r away \r from \r violence \r or\ntowards \r groups \r that \r they \r believe \r will \r protect \r them. \r The \r recent \r reports \r (July \r and \r August\n2014) \r of \r Nuer \r populations \r arriving \r into \r POC \r areas \r in \r Juba \r from \r other \r locations \r in \r Central\nEquatoria \r State \r indicate \r that \r displacement \r and \r movement \r of \r populations \r away \r from\nperceived \r or \r actual \r conflict \r has \r not \r abated. \r Armed \r groups \r are \r also \r adept \r at \r taking\nadvantage \r of \r people\u2019s \r movement \r to \r poach \r resources \r to \r legitimize \r their \r authority. \r This \r was \r a\ncommon \r tactic \r throughout \r the \r period \r of \r the \r last \r major \r humanitarian \r intervention,\nOperation \r Lifeline \r Sudan \r (OLS).\n\n\nThe \r ability \r of \r populations \r to \r move \r safely \r and \r securely \r around \r the \r country \r is \r critical \r to\npersonal \r security. \r This \r is \r one \r of \r the \r first \r steps \r towards \r individuals \r and \r communities\nobtaining \r durable \r solutions, \r without \r which \r people \r will \r remain \r inside \r PoCs \r or \r continue \r to\nface \r multiple \r rounds \r of \r displacement. \r As \r the \r conflict \r protracts, \r populations \r will \r find \r it\nharder \r to \r seek \r their \r own \r non-\u00ad\u2010militarised \r protective \r mechanisms.\n\n###### **UNMISS \r PoC \r Site \r in \r Bor, \r Jonglei \r State**\n\nNuer \r populations \r inside \r Bor \r PoC \r sites \r have \r virtually \r suspended \r all \r movement \r outside \r of \r the\nPOC \r area, \r particularly \r since \r the \r attack \r on \r the \r Bor \r PoC \r site \r on \r 17 \r April \r 2014 \r by \r armed \r actors.\nPeople \r are \r leaving, \r if \r they \r do, \r for \r the \r purposes \r of \r onwards \r movement, \r which \r is \r creating\nsignificant \r challenges \r for \r the \r viability \r of \r populations \r left \r behind \r who \r are \r unable \r to\nindependently \r retrieve \r resources \r such \r as \r firewood, \r fuel, \r supplementary \r food \r etcetera, \r and\nor \r return \r to \r their \r point \r of \r displacement. \r Male \r IDP\u2019s \r are \r feeling \r increasingly \r trapped \r inside\nthe \r PoC, \r and \r ongoing \r reports \r persist \r that \r they \r require \r a \r \u2018permit\u2019 \r or \r permission \r by \r local\nauthorities \r to \r exit \r the \r PoC. \r Increasingly, \r local \r authorities \r are \r using \r language \r of \r IDP \r versus\nhost \r community \r to \r differentiate \r between \r those \r who \r live \r inside \r the \r PoC \r (IDPs) \r and \r those\noutside \r (host \r community). \r This \r is \r despite \r the \r majority \r of \r IDPs \r from \r within \r the \r POC \r being\nfrom \r the \r greater \r Bor \r town \r area. \r The \r inference \r is \r that \r the \r people \r inside \r the \r PoCs \r are\noutsiders \r and \r taking \r from \r the \r host \r community. \r Creating \r a \r binary \r between \r IDPs \r inside \r the\nPoC \r and \r communities \r outside \r maintains \r feelings \r of \r insecurity \r and \r stirs \r potential \r for\ncommunity \r violence \r against \r the \r POC \r or \r vice-\u00ad\u2010versa.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Onward \r options**\n\nSome \r people \r are \r not \r able \r to \r travel \r to \r their \r destination \r in \r one \r move. \r Juba \r has \r played \r both\nthe \r role \r of \r refuge \r point \r and \r transit \r site \r for \r populations \r attempting \r to \r move \r to \r Uganda \r and\nKenya. \r New \r arrivals \r in \r Juba, \r from \r across \r the \r country \r including \r from \r other \r PoC \r sites, \r are\nreported \r to \r have \r had \r to \r remain \r within \r PoC \r sites \r in \r Juba \r because \r they \r do \r not \r have \r the\nresources \r to \r continue \r onwards.\n\n\nThe \r number \r of \r refugees \r from \r the \r current \r armed \r conflict \r is \r approaching \r half \r a \r million\npeople. \r The \r likelihood \r is \r that \r there \r would \r be \r more \r refugees \r if \r people \r had \r the \r assets \r to\nmove \r onwards. \r Such \r people \r seek \r livelihood \r opportunities \r for \r IDPs \r in \r both \r the \r POC \r sites \r and\nrefugee \r camps \r in \r neighboring \r countries. \r Education \r has \r also \r proven \r a \r significant \r motivator\nfor \r moving \r across \r borders, \r particularly \r after \r educational \r opportunities \r were \r suspended \r in\nGreater \r Upper \r Nile \r due \r to \r conflict \r and \r displacement \r and \r also \r withholding \r of \r civil \r servant\nsalaries \r for \r teachers \r in \r Opposition-\u00ad\u2010held \r areas. \r The \r desire \r for \r education \r has \r left \r children \r at\nrisk \r of \r abuse \r and \r manipulation, \r child \r trafficking \r and \r mobilisation/recruitment \r from \r persons\npromising \r education \r elsewhere. \r Children \r are \r also \r left \r vulnerable \r when \r a \r lack \r of \r resources \r or\ninsecurity \r sees \r families \r separate \r and \r move \r in \r different \r directions.\n\n###### **Violence \r during \r movement**\n\nThe \r POC \r sites \r checkpoints \r outside \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites \r offer \r armed \r groups \r an \r opportunity \r to\nexert \r violence \r and \r harass \r civilian \r populations. \r In \r Unity \r State, \r populations \r moving \r around\nUnity \r State, \r both \r from \r Bentiu \r upwards \r towards \r Sudan \r and \r downwards \r towards \r Leer, \r have\nreportedly \r been \r subjected \r to \r sexual \r violence, \r including \r rape \r leading \r to \r death, \r the \r castration\nof \r young \r boys \r and \r other \r violent \r attacks. \r Armed \r groups \r have \r also \r reportedly \r killed\npopulations \r moving \r northwards \r towards \r Sudan \r during \r the \r reporting \r period.\n\n\nArmed \r groups \r control \r main \r arterial \r roads, \r which \r enables \r them \r to \r establish \r checkpoints\nwhere \r populations \r are \r put \r at \r risk, \r at \r best \r to \r face \r taxation \r of \r assets \r and \r at \r worst, \r violence \r or\ndeath. \r This \r includes \r \u2018contributions\u2019 \r of \r food \r assistance \r to \r armed \r groups. \r Humanitarians \r also\nexperience \r such \r \u2018informal\u2019 \r taxations \r while \r moving \r assistance \r around \r the \r country, \r which\nincreases \r the \r cost \r of \r bringing \r humanitarian \r relief \r to \r people \r around \r the \r country.\n\n\nIn \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r people \r attempting \r to \r move \r between \r hostile \r community \r defense\nforces \r are \r perceived \r as \r outsiders. \r With \r no \r coherent \r picture \r on \r where \r people \r are \r being\ndisplaced \r to \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r as \r populations \r are \r pushed \r deeper \r into \r the \r bush \r and \r further \r out \r of \r the \r country\n-\u00ad\u2010 \r a \r consistent \r and \r coherent \r picture \r of \r the \r violence \r they \r face \r in \r transit \r is \r being \r provided \r by\nmen \r and \r women \r across \r the \r country.\n\n###### **Coerced \r Movement**\n\nAs \r the \r conflict \r continues, \r humanitarians \r are \r becoming \r more \r concerned \r about \r the \r possibility\nof \r coerced \r movements \r of \r IDP \r populations. \r Distributing \r agencies \r are \r cautious \r about \r a \r repeat\nof \r past \r armed \r conflict \r where \r populations \r were \r drawn \r into \r locations \r by \r armed \r groups \r and/or\nsent \r to \r collect \r food. \r Reports \r of \r manipulation \r of \r population \r movements \r are \r of \r concern \r but\ndifficult \r to \r verify. \r The \r situation \r is \r complicated \r when \r community \r leadership \r deliberately\nmisinforms \r IDP \r populations \r and \r external \r sources.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Mines \r and \r Other \r Explosive \r Remnants \r of \r War**\n\nThe \r resumption \r of \r conflict \r has \r led \r to \r additional \r contamination \r from \r Explosive \r Remnants \r of\nWar \r (ERW), \r with \r Jonglei, \r Upper \r Nile \r and \r Unity \r States \r being \r the \r worst \r affected. \r In \r addition \r to\nERW \r contamination \r from \r artillery \r rounds, \r mortars, \r rockets, \r grenades, \r etcetera, \r UN \r Mine\nAction \r Service \r (UNMAS) \r also \r confirmed \r the \r use \r of \r cluster \r munitions \r along \r the \r Juba \r \u2013 \r Bor\nroad \r in \r early \r 2014, \r setting \r a \r deadly \r precedent \r in \r the \r conflict. \r The \r recent \r fighting \r has\ncompounded \r the \r legacy \r contamination \r problem \r from \r previous \r conflicts \r and \r increased \r the\nthreat \r from \r explosive \r hazards \r in \r urban \r areas, \r on \r roads, \r at \r airfields, \r and \r in/around \r United\nNations \r facilities \r such \r as \r UNMISS \r bases \r and \r other \r UN \r structures \r in \r State \r capitals. \r In \r this\nregard, \r repeated \r armed \r confrontations \r between \r the \r SPLA \r and \r Opposition \r to \r secure \r key\ninfrastructure \r such \r as \r the \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal \r airfields \r have \r resulted \r in \r the \r need \r for \r surveys\nand \r clearance \r of \r hazardous \r items \r to \r safely \r resume \r aid \r operations.\n\n\nFive \r anti-\u00ad\u2010tanks \r mine \r accidents \r on \r key \r transport \r routes \r in \r Unity \r State \r have \r occurred \r during\nthis \r reporting \r period. \r The \r is \r noteworthy \r as \r it \r has \r had \r a \r direct \r impact \r on \r aid \r operations,\nfreedom \r of \r movement \r for \r communities, \r and \r created \r the \r spectre \r that \r this \r tactic \r could\nbecome \r more \r frequent \r or \r emerge \r in \r other \r areas.\n\n#### **Ongoing \r Risks \r to \r children \r in \r the \r conflict**\n\nAs \r the \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan \r progresses, \r the \r alarm \r is \r raised \r that \r another \r potential\n\u2018lost\u2019 \r generation \r in \r South \r Sudan \r is \r being \r created. \r Deprived \r of \r opportunities \r for \r education,\nIDPs, \r refugees \r in \r neighbouring \r countries, \r recruited \r and \r mobilized \r youth, \r fearing \r risks \r to\npersonal \r safety, \r live \r challenging \r childhoods. \r Often \r separated \r from \r family, \r these \r are \r risks\nthat \r children \r are \r increasingly \r being \r forced \r to \r navigate \r alone. \r Reports \r of \r child \r soldier\nmobilization, \r including \r by \r community \r groups, \r has \r increased, \r with \r reports \r of \r children \r being\nsent \r to \r neighboring \r countries \r by \r powerful \r community \r figures \r to \r receive \r an \r education \r eerily\nechoing \r patterns \r of \r child \r recruitment \r during \r the \r second \r civil \r armed \r conflict, \r where \r armed\nactors \r engaged \r in \r \u2018long \r term \r investment\u2019 \r in \r children \r as \r soldiers.\n\n###### **Violence \r against \r children**\n\nLike \r violence \r against \r women, \r the \r level \r of \r violence \r directed \r towards \r children \r during \r this\nconflict \r warrants \r serious \r concern. \r Armed \r groups \r are \r treating \r children \r as \r legitimate \r targets\nin \r conflict \r but \r also \r legitimate \r military \r forces. \r The \r SRSG \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r Leila\nZerrougui\u2019s \r visit \r to \r South \r Sudan \r in \r July \r 2014 \r emphasized \r deep \r concern \r for \r children \r trapped\nin \r conflict.\n\n###### **Recruitment \r of \r children**\n\nRecruitment \r and \r deployment \r of \r children \r in \r armed \r groups \r and \r police \r services \r continues \r to\nbe \r observed \r throughout \r the \r rainy \r season \r in \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region \r where \r the \r highest\nconcentration \r of \r formal \r armed \r actors \r are \r present \r and \r also \r in \r other \r states \r such \r as \r Lakes. [20]\nThis \r mobilization \r and \r deployment \r continues \r to \r be \r flagrant \r and \r often \r indifferent \r to \r the\n\n\n20 \r See \r http://www.enoughproject.org/blogs/caught-crossfire-child-soldiers-south-sudanhave-few-alternatives,.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "presence \r of \r international \r actors. \r During \r the \r reporting \r period, \r significant \r mobilisation \r was\nreported \r in \r Unity \r and \r Upper \r Nile \r States.\n\n\nWhile \r there \r has \r been \r a \r focus \r on \r the \r mobilisation \r of \r boys \r into \r armed \r actors, \r an \r often \r over-\u00ad\u2010\nlooked \r issue \r is \r the \r mobilisation \r of \r girls. \r Girls \r are \r mobilised \r into \r armed \r groups \r in \r order \r to\nprovide \r sexual \r services, \r domestic \r labour \r and \r other \r functions \r for \r armed \r groups, \r including \r the\nSPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO.\n\n\nIn \r August \r 2014 \r a \r framework \r agreement \r was \r developed \r to \r reduce \r risk \r to \r children \r \u2013 \r a\ncommitment \r by \r the \r GRSS \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010IO \r to \r sign \r an \r action \r plan \r to \r eliminate \r the \r use \r of \r child\nsoldiers. [21] In \r May \r 2014, \r Riek \r Machar \r signed \r a \r commitment \r with \r the \r UN \r Special\nRepresentative \r of \r the \r Secretary-\u00ad\u2010General \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r to \r \u2018take \r all \r measures\nto \r prevent \r grave \r violations \r against \r children \r immediately,\u2019 \r i.e. \r the \r use \r of \r children \r by \r armed\nforces \r or \r armed \r groups \r in \r any \r capacity, \r including \r as \r combatants, \r cooks, \r porters,\nmessengers, \r spies \r and \r collaborators. \r He \r also \r acknowledged \r that \r boys \r and \r girls \r might \r be\nrecruited \r for \r sexual \r purposes. \r But \r all \r of \r the \r commitments \r continue \r to \r be \r breached.\n\n###### **Forced \r to \r cross \r borders**\n\nThe \r numbers \r of \r children \r crossing \r the \r border \r into \r neighboring \r countries \r continues, \r as\nchildren \r become \r refugees \r in \r search \r of \r protection \r and \r services. \r Education \r is \r a \r key \r motivator\nfor \r people \r who \r send \r their \r children \r across \r borders. \r Children \r then \r become \r separated \r from\ntheir \r families \r and \r become \r part \r of \r a \r child-\u00ad\u2010headed \r household. \r Reports \r of \r children \r traveling \r to\nEthiopia \r and \r other \r countries \r for \r education \r related \r to \r recruitment \r and \r mobilisation \r have\nbeen \r observed \r in \r the \r May-\u00ad\u2010September \r 2014 \r period.\n\n#### **Protecting \r Civilians**\n\nSince \r the \r May \r 2014 \r protection \r trends \r paper, \r the \r United \r Nations \r Security \r Council \r has\nadopted \r a \r new \r resolution \r on \r the \r mandate \r of \r UNMISS. \r On \r 27 \r May \r 2014, \r resolution \r 2155\nabolished \r UNMISS\u2019s \r capacity-\u00ad\u2010building \r mandate \r for \r government \r and \r security \r actors \r and \r re-\u00ad\u2010\nfocused \r its \r activities \r to \r four \r main \r areas, \r including \r the \r protection \r of \r civilians. \r While \r the\nmandate\u2019s \r language \r has \r changed, \r protection \r actors \r remain \r concerned \r those \r basic \r steps\ntowards \r the \r Protection \r of \r Civilians, \r which \r can \r be \r realised \r by \r UNMISS, \r have \r yet \r to \r be \r taken \r in\na \r consistent \r and \r coherent \r manner.\n\n\nIn \r order \r to \r conduct \r patrolling \r and \r have \r presence, \r UNMISS \r requires \r appropriate \r financial\nresources. \r A \r budget \r is \r required \r for \r troop \r provision \r and \r deployment \r of \r appropriate \r civilian\nresources \r (civil \r affairs \r and \r protection \r personnel \r with \r skills \r for \r civilian \r peace-\u00ad\u2010keeping) \r to\nallow \r tangible \r impacts \r such \r as \r improved \r long-\u00ad\u2010range \r and \r duration-\u00ad\u2010dismounted \r patrols,\nincluding \r foot \r patrols. \r As \r tensions \r rise \r within \r POC \r sites, \r the \r resources \r required \r to \r disperse\n\n\n21 \r See _The \r Paris \r Principles, \r Principles \r and \r Guidelines \r on \r Children \r Associated \r with \r Armed_\n_Forces \r or \r Armed \r Groups_, \r February \r 2007 \r at\nhttp://www.unicef.org/protection/files/Paris_Principles_EN.pdf, \r accessed \r on \r 24 \r October, \r 2014. \r See\nalso https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/press-release/parties-to-conflict-south-sudan-renewcommitment/,.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tensions, \r address \r protection \r risks \r and \r address \r rule \r of \r law \r gaps \r is \r stretching \r existing\nresources \r of \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS, \r and \r forcing \r a \r disproportionately \r large \r focus \r on\nPOC \r sites, \r where \r over \r 100,000 \r are \r displaced, \r at \r a \r cost \r of \r supporting \r the \r almost \r 1.3 \r million\npersons \r displaced \r outside \r of \r the \r POC.\n\n###### **Protection \r threats \r around \r the \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites**\n\nActors \r working \r with \r communities \r in \r the \r PoCs \r have \r consistently \r raised \r the \r movement \r of\npopulations \r in \r and \r out \r of \r POC \r areas \r as \r a \r concern. \r As \r noted \r in \r previous \r reports, \r women \r in\nparticular \r are \r more \r likely \r to \r move \r in \r and \r out \r of \r POCs \r to \r supplement \r their \r assets \r inside \r the\nPOCs. \r They \r leave \r to \r grind \r sorghum, \r fetch \r firewood \r and \r water, \r purchase \r tradable \r goods\netcetera. \r Almost \r 70% \r of \r all \r households \r in \r PoCs \r are \r female-\u00ad\u2010headed, \r because \r women \r are\nconsidered \r less \r of \r a \r safety \r risk \r when \r leaving \r the \r POCs \r compared \r to \r men \r this \r is \r a \r large\nnumber \r of \r women \r potentially \r exposed \r to \r violence \r as \r they \r seek \r goods \r outside \r of \r PoCs..\n\n\nThe \r militarization \r of \r towns \r such \r as \r Malakal, \r Bor \r and \r Bentiu \r have \r seen \r a \r significant \r SPLA\nencroachment \r near \r POC \r sites, \r including \r the \r establishment \r of \r checkpoints, \r and \r in \r the \r case \r of\nMalakal, \r a \r market \r outside \r the \r formal \r entrance \r to \r the \r PoC. \r These \r checkpoints \r and \r other\ninfringements \r have \r enabled \r the \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010IO \r to \r limit \r the \r movement \r of \r civilians \r and\nalso \r pose \r a \r risk \r to \r civilians \r who \r are \r moving \r directly \r in \r and \r out \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas. \r IDP \r women\nreport \r a \r taxation \r system \r has \r been \r imposed \r and \r that \r they \r must \r pay \r to \r bring \r commodities\nback \r into \r the \r POC \r areas \r such \r as \r sorghum, \r brewing \r kits \r to \r make \r alcohol \r to \r trade \r and \r other\nitems. \r Taxation \r systems \r place \r enormous \r strain \r on \r the \r market \r economy \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas \r and\nreduce \r asset \r security \r for \r the \r population. \r The \r emergence \r of \r informal \r control \r and \r localized\neconomies \r based \r on \r exploitation \r is \r a \r clear \r risk \r around \r PoC \r sites. \r As \r witnessed \r in \r other \r PoC\nareas \r and \r large \r population \r centres \r where \r people \r have \r been \r displaced, \r some \r girls \r and\nwomen \r have \r adopted \r survival \r sex \r and \r sex-\u00ad\u2010for-\u00ad\u2010money \r to \r increase \r or \r supplement \r household\nincome \r and \r livelihoods \r security.\n\n\nIDPs \r in \r Bentiu \r POC, \r Malakal \r PoC \r and \r UN \r House \r PoC \r also \r report \r being \r raped \r and \r sexually\nassaulted \r moving \r outside \r the \r PoC \r sites \r to \r collect \r firewood, \r go \r to \r the \r market, \r collect \r water,\netcetera. \r In \r Bentiu, \r women \r are \r reportedly \r walking \r up \r to \r two \r hours \r (approximately \r 10 \r km) \r in\nsearch \r of \r firewood \r to \r use \r or \r sell, \r due \r to \r the \r depletion \r of \r resources \r in \r the \r immediate \r area\nsurrounding \r the \r PoC. \r This \r is \r also \r reported \r in \r areas \r of \r high \r population \r concentration\nincluding \r Minkaman, \r Lakes \r State, \r where \r women \r have \r to \r move \r up \r to \r three \r kilometers \r to\nretrieve \r firewood.\n\n\nIn \r Juba, \r the \r challenges \r of \r service \r provision, \r including \r access \r to \r medical \r care \r inside \r PoC\nareas, \r have \r caused \r tensions. \r Questions \r have \r been \r raised \r as \r to \r whether \r IDPs \r should \r and \r can\nmove \r to \r Juba \r Teaching \r Hospital \r (JTH) \r for \r medical \r care. \r JTH \r is \r the \r main \r hospital \r in \r Juba. \r The\nnature \r of \r injuries \r and \r injured \r persons \r transported \r to \r Juba \r has \r meant \r that \r their \r cases \r are\nsensitive \r and \r the \r patient \r is \r at-\u00ad\u2010risk. \r This \r includes \r male \r Nuers \r who \r have \r not \r been \r able \r to\nreceive \r medical \r treatment \r in \r locations \r such \r as \r Bor \r due \r to \r risks \r for \r their \r safety. \r It \r has \r also\nincluded \r children \r who \r have \r gunshot \r wounds \r and \r other \r injuries. \r Family \r members \r who \r want\nto \r visit \r such \r patients \r in \r hospitals \r accompany \r the \r person \r to \r the \r hospital \r and \r also \r escort\nbodies \r for \r burial \r in \r fear \r of \r travel \r to \r and \r from \r JTH. \r This \r is \r in \r a \r large \r part \r because \r of \r reports \r of\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violence \r against \r Nuer \r and \r other \r groups \r inside \r JTH \r and \r also \r being \r an \r exposed \r Nuer \r in \r a\nheavily \r populated \r area \r of \r Juba. [22]\n\n\nHumanitarian \r efforts \r to \r reduce \r risk \r are \r encouraged \r but \r not \r simplistic \r solutions. \r Addressing \r a\nproblem \r such \r as \r firewood \r collection \r does \r not \r solve \r the \r problem \r of \r sexualized \r violence.\nWomen \r leaving \r the \r PoC \r areas \r provide \r a \r context \r or \r location \r for \r rape, \r but \r are \r not \r the \r cause.\nThe \r current \r crisis \r has \r created \r opportunities \r for \r rape \r and \r become \r characterised \r by \r escalated\nlevels \r of \r sexual \r violence \r and \r the \r deliberate \r targeting \r of \r women \r moving \r freely. \r Therefore,\nintegrated \r patrolling \r by \r UNMISS, \r as \r well \r as \r and \r civilian patrolling \r in \r the \r Bentiu \r area,\nincluding \r the \r monitoring \r of \r hospitals \r and \r other \r civilian \r sites \r by \r UNMISS \r and \r humanitarians,\nrepresent \r a \r welcome \r effort \r to \r mitigate \r against \r risks \r for \r civilians. \r Patrols \r at \r high-\u00ad\u2010risk \r times\nfor \r women, \r for \r example \r dusk, \r must \r be \r scaled \r up \r to \r include \r foot, \r static \r and \r night \r patrols,\nand \r also \r longer \r duration \r patrolling.\n\n###### **Protection \r threats \r inside \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites**\n\nThe \r influx \r of \r IDPs \r into \r the \r PoC \r areas \r has \r created \r significant \r challenges \r for \r UNMISS \r and\nhumanitarian \r actors \r providing \r safe \r and \r secure \r assistance. \r The \r populations \r inside \r the \r PoC\nareas \r have \r risen \r rather \r than \r decreased \r since \r the \r May \r 2014. \r While \r Bor \r PoC \r has \r decreased \r in\nsize, \r Bentiu \r and \r UN \r House \r continue \r to \r grow \r with \r new \r arrivals. \r Civilians \r living \r within \r PoC\nareas \r under \r basic \r SPHERE \r standards \r are \r under \r pressure. [23] They \r live \r in \r flooded \r PoC \r areas\nsuch \r as \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal, \r with \r stagnating \r market \r economies \r and \r repeated \r exposure \r to\nviolence, \r which \r has \r led \r to \r what \r is \r termed \r as \r \u2018maladaptive \r coping \r mechanisms.\u2019 \r Issues \r such\nas \r the \r lack \r of \r consistent \r lighting \r inside \r the \r PoCs \r and \r lack \r of \r space \r have \r combined \r to \r increase\ntensions \r between \r households \r and \r enable \r opportunistic \r attacks \r on \r people \r such \r as \r sexual\nviolence \r and \r theft. \r Such \r behavior \r has \r repercussions \r within \r the \r PoC \r and \r requires \r a \r complex\nresponse. \r Sexual \r violence \r and \r escalating \r tensions \r within \r youth \r groups \r and \r youth \r gangs \r in\nparticular \r threatening \r the \r larger \r IDP \r and \r humanitarian \r community \r in \r PoCs \r and \r are \r two\nmajor \r issues \r of \r concern.\n\n\nSexual \r violence \r inside \r the \r PoC \r areas \r is \r also \r an \r ongoing \r and \r escalating \r issue. \r There \r is \r no \r safe\nspace \r for \r women \r and \r girls \r who \r risk \r sexual \r violence \r outside \r the \r PoC \r areas _and_ inside \r them \r at\nthe \r hands \r of \r their \r own \r community. \r Reports \r of \r survival \r sex \r in \r the \r PoCs \r are \r steadily \r increasing\nand \r also \r people \r using \r sex \r to \r earn \r an \r income \r to \r supplement \r their \r assistance \r packages. \r In\nMalakal \r the \r toxic \r fusion \r of \r rape \r and \r sex \r for \r assets \r is \r leading \r to \r an \r increase \r in \r pregnancies\nand \r self-\u00ad\u2010induced \r abortions \r with \r fetuses \r disposed \r in \r public \r places \r already \r documented. [24] In\nearly \r September \r 2014, \r four \r women \r were \r admitted \r to \r hospital \r due \r to \r the \r infections/sepsis\ncontracted \r during \r self-\u00ad\u2010abortion. \r Women \r with \r already \r large \r families \r are \r also \r having\nabortions \r as \r are \r women \r facing \r socio-\u00ad\u2010cultural \r pressures \r (in \r traditional \r Nuer \r culture \r an\nunmarried \r girl/women \r is \r expected \r to \r marry \r her \r rapist).\n\n\n22 \r Reports \r from \r protection \r and \r health \r partners \r and \r South \r Sudan \r media \r during \r the \r reporting\nperiod.\n\n23 \r CCCM, _Bentiu \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r Site: \r Call \r for \r Urgent \r Measures_, \r 8 \r August \r 2014.\n24 \r IASC \r Global \r GenCap \r follow-\u00ad\u2010up \r on \r gender \r gaps \r in \r Malakal, \r South \r Sudan, \r 8-\u00ad\u201011 \r August. \r 2014.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r longer \r the \r conflict \r continues \r the \r higher \r the \r likelihood \r that \r women \r and \r girls \r will \r trade\nsex \r to \r raise \r an \r income. \r This \r however \r depends \r on \r the \r continued \r ability \r and \r willingness \r of\nmen \r to \r pay \r for \r sex. \r Household \r structures \r are \r changing \r due \r to \r the \r conflict \r leaving \r more\nwidows, \r elderly \r women \r increasingly \r heading \r families \r and \r women \r running \r the \r household\nwhile \r husbands \r are \r in \r the \r frontlines.\n\n\nWomen \r are \r increasingly \r taking \r on \r tasks \r that \r were \r previously \r handled \r by \r men \r and \r in \r the\nabsence \r of \r a \r stable \r means \r of \r livelihood \r take \r on \r these \r maladaptive \r coping \r mechanisms.\nWomen \r must \r also \r overcompensate \r where \r men \r are \r addicted \r to \r alcohol \r and \r drugs \r and \r they\nare \r left \r the \r sole \r breadwinner \r of \r the \r family.\n\n\nAlcohol \r brewing \r and \r selling \r has \r been \r reported \r amongst \r women \r seeking \r a \r livelihood\nalternative, \r though \r any \r real \r understanding \r of \r consumption \r levels \r and \r quality \r is \r unknown\nbecause \r alcohol \r formally \r contraband \r in \r all \r PoC \r sites \r though \r it \r remains \r unregulated. \r In \r some\nlocations \r it \r is \r thought \r that \r women \r can \r make \r up \r to \r 300 \r South \r Sudanese \r Pounds \r (SSP) \r from\nthe \r sale \r of \r home-\u00ad\u2010brewed \r alcohol \r in \r return \r for \r an \r investment \r of \r just \r five \r SSP. [25]\n\n\nAs \r long \r as \r people \r continue \r to \r be \r unable \r to \r resume \r their \r traditional \r livelihoods, \r alcohol\nbrewing \r and \r sales \r and \r sex-\u00ad\u2010for-\u00ad\u2010assets \r will \r continue \r to \r be \r seen \r by \r many \r as \r viable \r livelihood\nopportunities \r to \r supplement \r their \r minimum \r assistance \r packages \r and \r enable \r people \r to\ndevelop \r an \r onward \r movement \r strategy.\n\n\nYouth \r groups \r pose \r a \r protection \r threat \r to \r women \r living \r in \r the \r POCs \r but \r also \r face \r their \r own\nrisks. \r Young \r men, \r often \r suffocated \r by \r their \r environment \r and \r feeling \r trapped \r inside \r PoCs\nwhere \r they \r must \r stay \r because \r they \r risk \r being \r killed \r or \r recruited \r outside, \r are \r increasingly\ndestabilising \r the \r POC \r areas \r out \r of \r frustration. \r The \r result \r is \r a \r radicalised \r generation \r fixed \r in\ntheir \r anti-\u00ad\u2010Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r positions \r in \r Bentiu, \r Juba \r and \r Bor \r in \r particular.\n\n\nIn \r August \r and \r September \r 2014, \r the \r POC \r sites \r in \r Bentiu, \r Juba \r and \r Bor \r witnessed \r an \r increase\nof \r youth \r hostility \r towards \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS \r over \r the \r lack \r of \r labour \r opportunities.\nTheir \r frustrations \r saw \r them \r randomly \r demand \r the \r expulsion \r of \r all \r national \r staff \r not\nbelonging \r to \r the \r ethnic \r group \r of \r the \r majority \r IDPs, \r all \r in \r a \r bid \r to \r assert \r some \r form \r control\nover \r their \r captive \r situation. \r Youth \r speak \r a \r political \r narrative \r of \r oppression \r and \r accuse \r the\nhumanitarian \r community \r of \r being \r in \r alliance \r with \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r This \r has\nled \r to \r incidents \r of \r violence \r against \r humanitarians \r in \r UNMISS \r Tong \r Ping \r (in \r Juba) \r and \r led \r to\nan \r increasingly \r precarious \r relationship \r between \r humanitarians \r and \r the \r IDPs \r as \r the \r conflict\nbecomes \r protracted.\n\n\nAs \r the \r crisis \r continues, \r new \r arrivals \r into \r POC \r areas \r represent \r an \r increasingly \r difficult\nchallenge \r in \r a \r community \r with \r an \r already \r fragile \r community \r structure \r at \r best. \r The \r POC \r sites\noften \r mirror \r the \r wider \r conflict, \r with \r escalations \r and \r decreases \r in \r tensions \r in \r the \r POC\nreflecting \r the \r ebb \r and \r flow \r of \r the \r conflict \r outside.\n\n\nThree \r of \r the \r five \r largest \r POC \r sites \r currently \r host \r mixed \r ethnic \r populations \r and \r all \r host\ndifferent \r sub-\u00ad\u2010clans \r of \r ethnic \r groups. \r IDPs \r have \r been \r witnessed \r on \r occasion \r attacking \r new\n\n\n25 \r As \r of \r September \r 2014.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arrivals \r or \r turning \r on \r perceived \r \u2018enemies \r within\u2019. \r The \r outflow \r of \r Nuer \r from \r Malakal \r POC \r in\nAugust \r 2014 \r was \r attributed \r to \r the \r Nuer \r IDP\u2019s \r concerns \r that \r if \r Malakal \r town \r was \r attacked,\nDInka \r and \r Shilluk \r IDPs \r in \r turn \r would \r attack \r them.\n\n\nPractices \r and \r policies \r relating \r to \r rule \r of \r law \r and \r detention \r continue \r to \r create \r challenges \r for\nactors \r inside \r the \r PoC \r due \r to \r the \r limited \r rule \r of \r law \r capacity. \r Concerns \r for \r due \r process\nincrease \r as \r actors \r struggle \r to \r deal \r with \r escalating \r tensions \r but \r diligence \r is \r required \r for\nappropriate \r case \r management. \r This \r means \r not \r using \r detention \r as \r recourse \r when \r dealing\nwith \r \u2018trouble \r makers\u2019 \r including \r children \r in \r conflict \r with \r the \r law. \r There \r are \r significant\nconcerns \r about \r the \r viability \r of \r the \r Informal \r Dispute \r Resolution \r Mechanisms \r (IDRM)\nmembers \r and \r community \r leaders \r (inside \r the \r UNMISS \r PoCs) \r who \r are \r entrusted \r with \r handling\npetty \r civil \r cases. \r Issues \r have \r been \r raised \r over \r the \r use \r of \r punishments \r that \r are \r not \r legal\nunder \r South \r Sudanese \r law \r such \r as \r caning \r for \r rape \r survivors \r and \r communities \r attempting \r to\nexpel \r people \r from \r the \r POC. [26]\n\n\nIn \r addition \r to \r new \r IDP \r arrivals, \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO \r defectors \r have \r also \r presented \r at \r POC \r sites.\nThe \r assumption \r is \r that \r persons \r who \r present \r as \r civilians \r have \r left \r an \r armed \r group. \r This\ncreates \r tensions \r within \r POC \r sites \r but \r also \r poses \r a \r dilemma: \r should \r persons \r be \r seeking\ntemporary \r refuge \r and \r assistance \r inside \r POCs \r with \r the \r intention \r of \r rejoining \r armed \r groups\nwhen \r the \r opportunity \r arises? \r Bearing \r in \r mind \r that \r any \r actual \r or \r perceived \r militarization \r of\nthe \r POC \r areas \r puts \r at \r risk \r the \r safety \r and \r security \r of \r the \r PoC \r sites. [27] The \r Bentiu \r PoC \r site \r has\nalready \r been \r accused \r of \r hosting \r SPLA \r IO \r and \r the \r situation \r has \r grown \r further \r complicated\nwith \r politically \r motivated \r allegations \r of \r weapons \r being \r found/brought \r in \r the \r camps. \r This\nparallel \r narrative \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r of \r victims \r in \r PoC \r areas \r requiring \r liberation \r from \r within \r -\u00ad\u2010is \r a \r significant\ncause \r for \r concern.\n\n\nWith \r the \r likelihood \r of \r POC \r sites \r continuing \r to \r support \r tens \r of \r thousands \r of \r people \r into\n2015, \r the \r imminent \r dry \r season \r provides \r limited \r time \r to \r make \r the \r necessary \r preparations \r to\nimprove \r conditions \r inside \r the \r POC \r during \r the \r dry \r season. \r Programmes \r must \r be \r adjusted \r to\naddress \r emerging \r tensions \r and \r risks \r as \r well \r as \r contingency \r planning \r for \r potential \r influx \r of\npeople.\n\n#### **Shrinking \r space \r for \r citizens \r and \r civil \r society**\n\nWhile \r recognising \r the \r diversity \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r civil \r society \r and \r the \r myriad \r of \r challenges\nbeing \r faced, \r this \r section \r focuses \r on \r two \r components \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r civil \r society:\norganisations that contribute to accountability and organisations implementing\nhumanitarian \r programming. \r The \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r has \r attempted \r to \r use\nregulations \r to \r restrict \r the \r activities \r of \r both \r groups, \r in \r the \r form \r of \r legislation, \r but \r also \r uses\n\n\n26 \r Raised \r by \r partners \r during \r UNMISS \r Protection \r and \r Security \r meetings \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites.\n27 \r See: \r UN \r Envoy \r Speaks \r Out \r On \r Allegations \r Heaped \r On \r UNMISS, \r 3 \r April \r 2014 \r at\nhttps://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmiss.unmissions.org%2F\nPortals%2Funmiss%2FMMR%2FApril%2F4%2520April-2014%2520%2520Afternoon%2520Media%2520Monitoring%2520Report.docx, \r accessed \r October \r 24, \r 2014.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "harassment, \r intimidation \r and \r violence, \r which \r forces \r an \r increase \r in \r pressure \r from \r the\nOpposition. \r With \r the \r effective \r out-\u00ad\u2010sourcing \r of \r accountability \r to \r IGAD \r and \r the \r AU\nCommission \r of \r Enquiries \r the \r spotlight \r is \r on \r the \r treatment \r and \r involvement \r of \r South \r Sudan\ncivil \r society \r who \r must \r be \r given \r an \r opportunity \r to \r engage \r in \r the \r essential \r processes \r in \r South\nSudan \r with \r parity \r to \r the \r other \r more \r dominant \r stakeholders \r to \r the \r conflict, \r for \r example \r the\narmed \r actors.\n\n###### **NGO \r Bill**\n\nIn \r June \r 2014, \r the \r draft \r NGO \r Bill \r in \r South \r Sudan \r re-\u00ad\u2010emerged \r for \r a \r vote \r in \r the \r national\nassembly \r in \r Juba. \r South \r Sudan \r lacks \r a \r regulatory \r bill \r for \r operations \r of \r NGOs. \r While \r there\nhave \r been \r previous \r drafts \r since \r independence \r none \r of \r these \r have \r been \r passed. \r Though\nthere \r have \r been \r some \r positive \r re-\u00ad\u2010adjustments \r since \r previous \r incarnations, \r the \r nature \r of \r the\nNGO \r Bill \r creates \r concern \r on \r several \r fronts. \r National \r NGOs \r are \r likely \r to \r be \r the \r largest\ncasualty \r of \r any \r attempt \r to \r excessively \r regulate \r organisations.\n\n\nThe \r Bill \r itself \r has \r failed \r to \r be \r given \r appropriate \r parliamentary \r process. \r Questions \r on \r the\nlegitimacy \r and \r legality \r of \r the \r legislation \r must \r be \r sustained \r to \r ensure \r that \r local \r organisations\nare \r not \r compromised \r because \r of \r a \r desire \r to \r see \r the \r Government \r continue \r to \r \u2018function\u2019.\nWhile \r important \r to \r regulate \r the \r activities \r of \r NGOs \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r excessive \r restriction, \r or\nenabling \r loopholes, \r will \r cripple \r an \r aid \r effort \r depending \r upon \r local \r actors, \r and \r fundamentally\nhinder \r any \r accountability \r and \r recovery \r from \r this \r conflict.\n\n\nNotwithstanding \r questions \r about \r government \r capacity \r to \r implement \r the \r bill \r there \r are \r a\nnumber \r of \r key \r concerns. \r First, \r the \r bill \r sets \r out \r permissible \r activities \r for \r NGOs. \r The \r concern\ncentres \r around \r the \r explicit \r nature \r of \r the \r primacy \r of \r state \r sovereignty \r as \r defined \r by \r the\nGovernment \r itself. \r This \r risks \r linking \r activities \r relating \r to \r human \r rights \r and \r protection, \r which\nmay \r be \r critical \r of \r state \r and \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r actors \r as \r activities \r that \r \u201ccompromise\u201d \r South \r Sudan's\nsovereignty. \r A \r broad \r reading \r could \r potentially \r restrict \r all \r protection \r activities \r and \r poses\nquestions \r as \r to \r whether \r humanitarian \r actors \r can \r negotiate \r with \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r actors \r or\neven \r civilian \r authorities \r such \r as \r the \r Relief, \r Rehabilitation \r Agency \r in \r areas \r where \r they \r are \r in\neffective \r control. \r Or \r is \r this \r a \r challenge \r to \r national \r sovereignty?\n\n\nSecondly, \r the \r NGO \r bill \r proposes \r the \r establishment \r of \r an \r NGO \r Board \r with \r membership\ndrawn \r mostly \r from \r the \r government \r with \r seats \r for \r representatives \r from \r the \r Ministry \r of\nInterior \r and \r National \r Security \r Service. \r This \r body \r would \r be \r responsible \r for \r vetting \r and\napproving \r everything \r from \r NGO \r projects \r to \r work \r permits \r and \r would \r reserve \r the \r right \r of\nblocking \r NGO \r activities. \r This \r could \r include \r humanitarian \r work. \r The \r bill \r would \r also \r subject\nNGO \r activities \r and \r humanitarian \r assistance \r to \r oversight \r by \r both \r political \r and \r security \r actors.\nIn \r the \r case \r that \r the \r government \r declares \r a \r state \r of \r emergency \r security \r actors \r play \r too\nprominent \r a \r role \r at \r present \r in \r the \r political \r decision-\u00ad\u2010making \r process. \r Thirdly, \r the \r bill \r confers\nsignificant \r risk \r on \r individual \r aid \r workers. \r The \r application \r of \r extremely \r high \r punitive \r fines \r for\nbreaches \r to \r the \r bill \r whether \r committed \r by \r them \r or \r someone \r else \r in \r their \r organization \r is\nunjust.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r fact \r that \r NGO \r Bill \r has \r been \r under \r discussion \r since \r 2009 \r as \r is \r still \r unresolved \r is \r in \r itself \r a\npoint \r of \r concern \r and \r reflects \r the \r state \r of \r inertia \r that \r NGOs \r are \r facing, \r as \r well \r as \r failure \r to\nprovide \r a \r space \r in \r which \r they \r can \r work \r free \r from \r arbitrary \r harassment \r and \r regulation.\n\n###### **Controlling \r public \r debate**\n\nNGOs \r and \r other \r civil \r society \r actors \r such \r as \r the \r media \r are \r being \r drawn \r into \r the \r conflict \r in\nthe \r same \r manner \r as \r community \r groups \r and \r increasingly \r facing \r pressure \r from \r the \r GRSS \r and\nSouth \r Sudan \r National \r Security \r Services \r to \r fall \r in \r line \r with \r the \r Government \r objectives. \r A\nsignificant \r concern \r is \r that \r any \r regulation \r on \r civil \r society \r is \r another \r move \r by \r the \r Government\nof \r South \r Sudan \r to \r control \r the \r public \r debate \r on \r the \r current \r conflict. \r The \r Government \r forces\nhave \r already \r had \r a \r punitive \r reaction \r to \r public \r unrest \r related \r to \r the \r conflict \r and/or \r other\nforms \r of \r public \r protest, \r such \r as \r those \r in \r Lakes \r and \r Western \r Bahr \r El \r Ghazal. \r The \r use \r of\narmed \r and \r administrative \r response \r to \r perceived \r dissent \r and \r opposition \r is \r squeezing \r the\nspace \r for \r public \r discourse \r around \r the \r current \r conflict \r and \r placing \r pressure \r on \r non-\u00ad\u2010armed\nactors \r who \r have \r a \r stake \r in \r a \r peaceful \r resolution \r to \r the \r conflict.\n\n\nNational \r intelligence \r services \r are \r accused \r of \r being \r behind \r the \r ongoing \r exodus \r of \r human\nrights \r actors \r from \r South \r Sudan. \r Amnesty \r International \r and \r Human \r Rights \r Watch \r have\nidentified \r the \r same \r group \r as \r being \r responsible \r for \r the \r targeting \r of \r newspapers \r for \r closure. [28]\nAlmajhar \r Alsayasy, \r the \r Citizen \r and \r Juba \r Monitor \r have \r all \r had \r challenges. \r The \r former \r was\nordered \r to \r close \r in \r March \r 2014, \r with \r the \r Juba \r Monitor \r having \r issues \r confiscated \r more \r than\nonce \r each \r month \r since \r the \r conflict \r started, \r including \r on \r 2 \r July \r 2014. \r Bans \r on \r the \r discussion\nof \r issues \r such \r as \r federalism \r or \r the \r reporting \r of \r interviews \r with \r opposition \r leaders \r have \r been\nreported, \r including \r on \r 27 \r June \r 2014 \r when \r the \r Citizen \r was \r told \r it \r no \r longer \r could \r run \r articles\non \r federalism. [29] These \r are \r all \r illustrative \r of \r attempts \r to \r control \r the \r public \r debate \r on \r political\nand \r security \r issues.\n\n###### **Closing \r operating \r spaces**\n\nNational \r NGOs \r and \r staff \r members \r continue \r to \r report \r challenges \r in \r operating \r across \r lines.\nThey \r report \r harassment \r by \r the \r military \r and \r administrative \r functions \r of \r both \r the \r SPLA \r and\nSPLA/IO. \r Mirroring \r the \r challenges \r faced \r by \r national \r staff \r of \r INGO \r they \r cite \r the \r threat \r of\narrest \r and \r the \r confiscation \r of \r materials \r including \r phone \r technology, \r for \r example \r in \r Panyijar\nCounty \r in \r September \r 2014 \r by \r the \r Opposition. \r In \r July \r alone \r OCHA \r reported \r 64 \r access \r issues\nalone \r by \r all \r parties, \r and \r INGO\u2019s \r report \r increased \r intimidation \r and \r potential \r forced\nrecruitment \r of \r national \r staff \r by \r IO. [30]\n\n\n28 _The \r Price \r of \r Silence_, \r Amnesty \r International \r and \r Human \r Rights \r Watch, \r August \r 2014. \r See\nhttps://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/South%20Sudan%20Freedom%20of%20Ex\npression%20Briefing%20Document%2C%20Human%20Rights%20Watch%20-\u00ad\u2010\n%20Amnesty%20International%20August%202014.pdf\n29 \r Messich, \r A., _The \r Role \r of \r Media \r in \r the \r South \r Sudanese \r Context_, \r Sudan \r Tribune, \r at\nhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article50506, \r accessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n30 \r For \r Further \r information \r on \r access \r issues, \r please \r contact \r UN \r OCHA \r Access \r Unit \r and \r South\nSudan \r NGO \r Forum.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Conclusion**\n\nDespite \r framework \r commitments, \r such \r as \r the \r Cessation \r of \r Hostilities, \r and \r the \r provisions \r of\ninternational \r human \r rights \r and \r humanitarian \r law, \r violence \r continues \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r After\nAfter \r ten \r months \r there \r is \r little \r optimism \r that \r fighting \r will \r halt \r in \r the \r immediate \r future.\nWhile \r there \r is \r concern \r that \r the \r dry \r season \r will \r result \r in \r an \r escalation \r of \r conflict \r between\narmed \r groups \r seeking \r to \r gain \r military \r advantage \r as \r heavier \r machinery \r can \r move \r more\neasily, \r the \r movement \r of \r people \r who \r may \r have \r been \r trapped \r by \r the \r floods \r will \r hopefully\ngive \r profile \r to \r a \r conflict \r that \r remains \r largely \r invisible \r to \r the \r international \r eye. \r The \r violence\nwill \r ebb \r and \r flow \r in \r conflict \r areas \r as \r armed \r groups \r re-\u00ad\u2010negotiate \r space, \r but \r the \r dry \r season \r is\nexpected \r to \r be \r very \r violent, \r and \r that \r violence \r is \r likely \r to \r spread \r and \r escalate \r rather \r than \r be\ncontained \r within \r the \r one \r geographical \r area. \r Incidents \r of \r confrontations \r between \r different\narmed \r actors, \r proliferation \r of \r armed \r groups, \r and \r the \r emergence \r and \r escalation \r of\nperipheral \r conflicts \r are \r all \r evidence \r leading \r to \r this \r prediction.\n\n\nProtection \r actors \r in \r South \r Sudan \r are \r concerned \r that \r without \r a \r significant \r shift \r in \r the \r conflict\nparadigm, \r including \r a \r real \r and \r tangible \r commitment \r by \r all \r parties \r to \r the \r conflict \r to \r stop\ntargeting \r civilians \r and \r allow \r free \r and \r safe \r movement \r to \r seek \r safety, \r livelihoods \r and\nassistance, \r the \r end \r of \r 2014 \r and \r 2015 \r will \r see \r an \r extension \r current \r patterns \r of \r displacement\nand \r violence.\n\n\nThe \r situation \r in \r Lakes \r State \r and \r threats \r in \r Warrap \r and \r Northern \r Bahr \r El-\u00ad\u2010Ghazal \r indicate \r a\nconflict \r that \r is \r expanding. \r The \r temptation \r of \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r may \r be \r to\nengage \r in \r disarmament \r campaigns \r to \r reduce \r an \r escalation \r of \r violence. \r In \r a \r context \r of\ninsecurity, \r resource \r scarcity \r and \r competition, \r all \r in \r a \r broader \r conflict, \r disarmaments \r can\nexacerbate \r community \r vulnerabilities \r as \r evidenced \r by \r past \r experiences \r of \r such \r processes \r in\nLakes \r State \r and \r elsewhere \r in \r the \r country. [31] Increased \r engagement \r with \r non-\u00ad\u2010humanitarian\nactors \r in \r these \r States \r is \r a \r matter \r of \r urgency \r and \r our \r broader \r contextual \r understanding \r of\nthe \r situation \r in \r South \r Sudan \r must \r not \r be \r defined \r only \r by \r our \r current \r operational \r capacity \r to\nrespond. \r Armed \r measures \r by \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan, \r such \r as \r forced \r disarmament,\nare \r likely \r to \r significantly \r undermine \r community \r safety \r and \r security, \r therefore \r different\nstrategies \r for \r engaging \r with \r insecure \r communities \r should \r be \r broached.\n\n\nThe \r end \r of \r the \r rainy \r season \r is \r likely \r to \r bring \r about \r a \r much-\u00ad\u2010anticipated \r movement \r of\npopulations \r across \r national \r borders \r and \r out \r of \r and \r into \r PoC \r sites \r as \r well \r as \r across \r large\nareas \r in \r search \r of \r food \r and \r assistance. \r Protection \r and \r displacement \r monitoring \r systems \r as\nwell \r as \r shared \r early \r warning \r systems \r are \r essential \r to \r understanding \r the \r ebbs \r and \r flows \r of \r a\nconflict \r influenced \r increasingly \r by \r food \r insecurity \r and \r inter \r communal \r dynamics. \r This \r will\nensure \r that \r everyone \r is \r programming \r to \r support \r safe \r and \r secure \r decision \r making \r by\naffected \r populations.\n\n\nThe \r dry \r season \r also \r potentially \r allows \r for \r greater \r access \r for \r the \r humanitarian \r community.\nThe \r Humanitarian \r Programme \r Cycle \r 2015 \r offers \r a \r chance \r to \r place \r a \r heavier \r focus \r on\nactivities \r that \r strengthen \r livelihoods, \r including \r for \r those \r inside \r the \r POC. \r It \r will \r also \r place\n\n\n31 \r See, \r Saferworld \r reports \r on \r civilian \r disarmament \r in \r Lakes \r State \r www.saferworld.org\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "greater \r emphasis \r on \r at-\u00ad\u2010risk \r youth, \r women, \r girls \r and \r the \r elderly, \r strengthening \r their \r coping\noptions \r as \r they \r strive \r to \r living \r within \r conflict.\n\n\nWhile \r offering \r many \r opportunities, \r the \r dry \r season \r will \r bring \r challenges. \r For \r UNMISS,\ndeploying \r troops \r around \r the \r country \r to \r engage \r in \r long \r range \r dismounted \r patrolling \r for\nexample \r between \r Bentiu, \r Mayom \r and \r Guit \r will \r be \r key \r to \r the \r protection \r of \r many \r civilians\nand \r enable \r greater \r freedom \r of \r movement \r for \r affected \r populations. \r Contingency \r planning\nfor \r a \r greater \r influx \r is \r a \r critical \r step \r for \r all \r actors \r working \r in \r POCs \r and \r will \r ensure \r that \r people\ncan \r continue \r to \r come \r to \r UNMISS \r bases \r and \r find \r safety. \r Strengthening \r security \r in \r the \r direct\nvicinity \r of \r the \r POCs \r is \r a \r task \r that \r UNMISS \r continues \r to \r have \r to \r work \r on \r as \r people \r encounter\narmed \r groups \r immediately \r outside \r POC \r sites \r while \r they \r move \r in \r and \r out \r of \r the \r PoCs \r in\nsearch \r of \r food \r and \r other \r assistance.\n\n\nThe \r coming \r months \r will \r be \r an \r increasing \r challenge \r for \r national \r partners. \r The \r NGO \r Bill \r and\nNational \r Security \r Service \r Bill \r are \r serious \r signals \r of \r intent \r by \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan\nto \r regulate \r what \r it \r perceives \r to \r be \r political \r opposition. \r Linked \r to \r instability, \r civil \r society \r has\na \r strong \r role \r to \r play \r to \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions \r and \r reduce \r violence \r as \r well \r as \r provide\nassistance, \r but \r threats \r to \r national \r civil \r society \r through \r the \r NGO \r Bill \r and \r the \r implementation\nof \r the \r Media \r Bill \r represent \r significant \r blows \r to \r accountability \r and \r political \r dialogue \r in \r South\nSudan. \r As \r the \r Government \r becomes \r more \r isolated, \r dissent \r is \r increasingly \r likely \r to \r be \r met \r by\nviolence.\n\n\nBased \r on \r the \r previous \r 10-\u00ad\u2010month\u2019s \r reporting, \r the \r trend \r for \r violence \r appears \r protracted.\nHumanitarian \r actors \r will \r continue \r to \r try \r and \r mitigate \r against \r the \r worst \r consequences \r of \r this\nconflict, \r but \r ultimately \r only \r an \r end \r to \r violence \r and \r a \r comprehensive \r peace \r agreement \r will\nalleviate \r any \r suffering \r or \r offer \r a \r chance \r for \r durable \r solutions \r and \r peace \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe68a5ee-44fe-3b0f-a16d-8904591729be/FINAL%20Protection%20Trends%20Analysis%20October%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_39/raw/doc_39_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_39/raw/doc_39_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f76310cbdc8c57e10e6f204f81880bf13f827247..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_39/raw/doc_39_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,354 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **YEMEN**\n## Forced evictions analysis\n\n### **INTRODUCTION**\n\nThe current conflict in Yemen that started in 2014 has forced millions of Yemenis to flee\ntheir homes, leading to widespread internal displacement. According to UNHCR, 86% of\ndisplacement in 2023 in Yemen is because of war, armed conflict, and generalised violence\n(UNHCR unpublished).\n\n\nDisplaced people in Yemen increasingly face the risk of forced eviction, broadly defined by\nthe OHCHR as \u201cthe permanent or temporary removal against their will of individuals, families\nand/or communities from the homes and/or land which they occupy, without the provision of,\n[and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other protection\u201d (OHCHR accessed 31/08/2023). In](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/forced-evictions)\n2023, according to National Protection Cluster (NPC) responders, the overall number of forced\nevictions in Yemen has risen by an estimated 10% compared to 2022 (NPC unpublished).\n\n\nMany internally displaced Yemenis have sought refuge in makeshift displacement sites, on\npublicly and privately owned land, and in collective centres, such as schools. Increasingly,\nboth private and public land on which IDP sites are situated is being claimed back, resulting\nin the forced eviction of the IDPs who have settled there. The majority of these people do not\npay any rent, but some provide free labour in return for living on the site (Consultation session with\nNPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\nOther IDPs rent flats and houses. With the deteriorating economic situation in the country,\nincluding the loss of livelihoods and reduced income opportunities, more and more IDPs are\n[unable to afford rent and exposed to the risk of forced eviction (NRC et al. 02/10/2023; Consultation](https://www.nrc.no/contentassets/394fca24bf83477bac05282fcccfda67/joint-ngo-cso-statement---millions-still-struggling-to-survive-in-yemen---final---02.10.pdf)\nsession with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\nYemen lacks comprehensive and effective legal frameworks to protect tenants and property\nrights, putting some individuals at risk of arbitrary eviction. The national legal framework\nlegalises evictions upon the default of rent payment after three months, essentially affecting\nthe majority of IDP families [(Yemen NIC accessed 06/12/2023). A contributing factor is the lack](https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=18844)\nof legal awareness among IDPs and landlords on the limited substantive and procedural\nlegal safeguards available, necessitating the involvement of the judiciary if a tenant does not\nconsent to an eviction or if the eviction legality is disputed. Most IDPs lack access to legal aid\nor lawyers for advice and representation, mostly because of a lack of means to afford it.\n\n\n1 Any comments or questions? Please contact us at info@acaps.org\n\n\n\nThematic report\n28 December 2023\n\n\nA high level of tenure insecurity in Yemen compounds forced eviction threats. Inequalities\nin Yemeni society result in the heightened exposure of some population groups, such\nas Al Muhamasheen, to forced evictions. These groups lack access to tribal or other\ninformal patronage networks and support mechanisms and face discrimination from host\n[communities and other IDPs (MRG accessed 06/12/2023; UN-Habitat 07/08/2020). Evictions leading](https://minorityrights.org/minorities/muhamasheen/)\nto the premature return of IDPs to their place of origin, i.e. when they return home without the\nrequired security in place, may undermine the Principles of Voluntary Return in Safety and\n[Dignity (UN-Habitat 07/08/2020).](https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220217_State-of-Yemeni-Cities.pdf)\n\n\nAs the forced eviction rate increases, affected people may experience homelessness, new\ndisplacement, and exposure to exploitation and abuse in their new location. They may have to\nrelocate to new, cheaper, and less-serviced neighbourhoods or locations that lack access to\nlivelihoods and have reduced access to healthcare and education facilities. These will likely\nincrease humanitarian needs as well.\n\n\nAgainst this background, this analysis, jointly produced by the NPC and ACAPS, aims to\nprovide an overview of the causes, drivers, impacts, and response gaps surrounding forced\neviction in Yemen.\n\n\n**Acknowledgement**\n\n\nThis product was made possible by the generous support of the Directorate-General for\nEuropean Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. The analysis is a joint product\nbetween, ACAPS, The Yemen Protection Cluster, and the House Land and Property working\ngroup.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **FORCED EVICTION FIGURES**\n\nAccording to data from the Global Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)\nCluster and the NPC, more households residing in rented accommodation experience eviction\nthreats than those in managed IDP sites. In December 2023, 29% of households in privately\nrented accommodations received eviction threats, compared to only 7% in managed IDP\n[sites (UNHCR unpublished; UNHCR accessed 06/12/2023).](https://data2.unhcr.org/ar/dataviz/193)\n\n\nMap 1. Number of households evicted from IDP sites by district, January\u2013\nSeptember 2023\n\n\n[Source: UNHCR (accessed 06/12/2023)](https://data2.unhcr.org/ar/dataviz/193)\n\n\n\nFigure 1. Households in rental accommodation (left) compared to households\nin IDP sites (right) who received eviction threats from July\u2013December 2023\n\n\nSource: UNHCR (unpublished)\n\n\nAccording to the CCCM tracker, in 2023, the five districts with the highest number of IDP\nhouseholds evicted from hosting sites were Al Ma\u2019afer (Ta\u2019iz governorate), Dar Sa\u2019d (Aden),\nMa\u2019rib City, Qatabah (Ad Dali), and Tuban (Lahj).\n\nFigure 2. Districts with the highest number of households evicted from IDP\nsites, January\u2013September 2023\n\n\n[Source: UNHCR (accessed 06/12/2023)](https://data2.unhcr.org/ar/dataviz/193)\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FORCED EVICTION FIGURES", - "confidence": 0.8665972948074341, - "start": 5, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7338383793830872, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7534558773040771, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7653887867927551, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.80837482213974, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CCCM tracker", - "confidence": 0.7641923427581787, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8421071171760559, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5104357600212097, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7880846858024597, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7362161874771118, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Map 2. Number of households evicted outside IDP sites by district, January\u2013\nOctober 2023\n\n\nSource: UNHCR (unpublished)\n\n\nData from NPC responders showed that household eviction numbers outside IDP sites in\n2023 were highest in Amran, At Ta\u2019iziyah (Ta\u2019iz governorate), Dhamar City (Dhamar), Sa\u2019dah,\n(Sa\u2019dah) and Sanhan wa Bani Bahlul (Sana\u2019a).\n\nFigure 3. Districts with the highest number of households evicted outside IDP\nsites, January\u2013October 2023\n\n\nSource: NPC (unpublished)\n\n\n### **KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n- There is an increasing trend of private landowners requesting IDPs to vacate their land for\ntheir own use and purposes, often owing to property speculations.\n\n- Similarly, in light of the prospects of peace and economic recovery, the authorities are\nincreasingly claiming back land and reinstating services in public buildings, such as the\nschools and health centres that IDPs are using as collective centres.\n\n- Many IDPs not living in IDP sites but renting flats or houses are being evicted because of\ntheir inability to pay rent. This trend is worsening with increasing inflation, unemployment,\nand livelihood losses (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n- Forced evictions in Yemen overall have increased by an estimated 10% in 2023 compared\nto 2022. From January\u2013October 2023, the NPC and CCCM responders recorded\nthe eviction of or eviction threats to close to 61,400 individuals. The data showed the\nhighest numbers in Ma\u2019rib and Ta\u2019iz in the areas under the control of the Internationally\nRecognized Government of Yemen (IRG). In the areas controlled by the de-facto authority\n(DFA) in the north of Yemen (also known as the Houthis), the highest numbers were in\nAd Dali, Al Bayda, Al Hodeidah, Al Jawf, Amanat Al Asimah, Amran, Dhamar, Hajjah, Ibb,\nMa\u2019rib, Sa\u2019dah, Sana\u2019a, and Ta\u2019iz (NPC unpublished).\n\n- The main driver of forced evictions is insecure tenure, emphasised by the lack of legal\nrecourse to eviction threats.\n\n- IDPs at risk of forced eviction from their location of displacement are often unable to\nreturn to their place of origin because of insecurity, housing damage, and a lack of basic\nservices and livelihood opportunities.\n\n- Eviction threats are also likely increasingly affecting members of the host community in\nrented accommodations, as the cost-of-living crisis makes housing unaffordable [(MEE](https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libya-thousands-expelled-homes-arabic-press-review)\n[08/09/2023). These people include government employees who have not regularly received](https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libya-thousands-expelled-homes-arabic-press-review)\ntheir salary since the onset of conflict in 2014, especially in urban areas (Consultation\nsession with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n- There are many reasons for the lack of effective legal protection from evictions. These\ninclude the lack of safeguards for IDPs who fail to pay rent because of displacementrelated loss of livelihood, tenants\u2019 and landlords\u2019 lack of legal awareness of the judicial\nprocess that governs forced evictions, the lack of tenancy agreements, and poor\neconomic conditions that prevent tenants from being able to afford legal aid/lawyers for\nlegal advice/representation during eviction.\n\n- Among the IDPs, the elderly, Al Muhamasheen, and women- and child-headed households\nare the most at risk of forced evictions. Migrants and refugees experience high eviction\nrisk as well.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Forced evictions can pose a risk of new displacement and cause people to move from\ntheir jobs, resulting in protection concerns. Forced evictions can also reduce or remove\naccess to basic services, potentially exposing the evicted to health risks, exploitation,\n[and violence (ICRC 12/06/2020; Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).](https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4344-displaced-cities-experiencing-and-responding-urban-internal-displacement-outside)\n\n- Besides the continuous, dedicated response of the NPC, in coordination with the Housing,\nLand and Property Working Group (HLP WG), protection responders, and other clusters,\nNPC responders also need to work closely with other clusters and the Durable Solutions\nWorking Group to effectively respond to eviction cases, especially on a policy level. The\nfocus should lie on providing and expanding legal representation, mediation, counseling\nfor people facing eviction threats, and awareness-raising for authorities and host\ncommunities on eviction mechanisms (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\nRecommendations are outlined in a separate section at the end of this document.\n\n### **METHODOLOGY**\n\n\n- The report is based on primary data analysis of eviction data covering a large number of\nIDP-managed sites (from the CCCM Cluster), Shelter Cluster data on damaged housing\nand shelters, NPC data, and the HLP WG monitoring and eviction tracker covering\nevictions inside and outside managed sites.\n\n- It also used a secondary data analysis of publicly available sources on forced evictions\nand land tenure issues in Yemen.\n\n- Two consultation sessions with NPC responders and ACAPS supplemented these\nanalyses. The first consultation engaged key collaborators delivering HLP-related\nservices in the country, while the second involved the wider protection community of\nthe NPC in Yemen. The consultations were held in September and October 2023. An\nadditional consultation was held with the NPC Strategic Advisory Group in November.\n\n### **LIMITATIONS**\n\n\n- There is limited available information directly related to the impact on specific groups\nof people facing evictions who might be more exposed to certain risks and who have\nspecific needs.\n\n- Publicly available information on the impact of forced evictions is often qualitative,\nmaking it difficult to compare and aggregate data continuously and countrywide.\n\n- Data on evictions from managed IDP sites covered by CCCM and collective centres and\nfrom rented accommodation is collected through different mechanisms.\n\n- Quantitative data on forced evictions outside managed IDP-hosting sites is largely\nbased on sample datasets from monitoring and recently launched mechanisms to track\nevictions.\n\n\n\n**Response to forced evictions by the international humanitarian community and**\n**local responders:**\n\n\nThe NPC, in coordination with the HLP WG, protection responders, and other clusters,\nare working to address and coordinate the response to forced evictions. NPC\ninitiatives launched between 2022\u20132023 include the following.\n\n- In June 2023, the NPC, in coordination with other clusters, released the Framework\nfor Voluntary Relocations of IDPs Elsewhere in the Country to address requests\nfor IDP relocations in a principled manner. The framework facilitates relocations\nin line with humanitarian principles and reduces evictions that violate the rights of\n[the displaced (NPC 20/06/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/framework-voluntary-relocations-idps-elsewhere-country)\n\n- The NPC also provided legal assistance, including legal representation, mediation,\ncounselling, and conflict resolution, through 16 responders (as at November\n[2023), ten of whom supported HLP case management (NPC accessed 26/11/2023).](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZWI1ZmRkZGItYTRlYS00YWVjLTliNzMtN2VkOWM3OWQ1NmZmIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n- The NPC HLP monitoring tools include the Humanitarian Response Plan HLP\nindicators and eviction tracker (NPC unpublished).\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "eviction data", - "confidence": 0.9738948345184326, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6354885101318359, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6890985369682312, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "IDP-managed sites", - "confidence": 0.5746934413909912, - "start": 217, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6693439483642578, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP-managed sites", - "confidence": 0.8324798345565796, - "start": 217, - "end": 219 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Shelter Cluster data", - "confidence": 0.7436642646789551, - "start": 226, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NPC data", - "confidence": 0.8513763546943665, - "start": 235, - "end": 237 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HLP WG monitoring and eviction tracker", - "confidence": 0.8206823468208313, - "start": 240, - "end": 246 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.691312849521637, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on evictions from managed IDP sites", - "confidence": 0.5100381374359131, - "start": 407, - "end": 414 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Response Plan HLP\nindicators", - "confidence": 0.780161440372467, - "start": 645, - "end": 650 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NPC", - "confidence": 0.7108587622642517, - "start": 625, - "end": 626 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5054547190666199, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6111369729042053, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "responders", - "confidence": 0.7539634108543396, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **LEGAL FRAMEWORKS**\n\n**Forced evictions \u2013 definition in international law**\n\n\nThe OHCHR broadly defines forced evictions as \u201cthe permanent or temporary removal against\ntheir will of individuals, families and/or communities from the homes and/or land which they\noccupy, without the provision of, and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other protection\u201d.\nAs per resolution 1993/77 of the UNCHR, the \u201cpractice of forced eviction constitutes a gross\nviolation of human rights, in particular the right to adequate housing\u201d [(UHCHR 10/03/1993).](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f0c514.html)\nYemen has also signed several international legal instruments with specific provisions for\nsafeguarding the right to adequate housing and protection against forced eviction from home\nor land:\n\n- [Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/UDHRIndex.aspx)\n\n- [Article 11, Paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx)\n\n- [Articles 17, 23, and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights](https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights)\n\n- [Article 27, Paragraph 3, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx)\n\n- Article 14, Paragraph 2 (h), of the [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx)\n[against Women](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx)\n\n- [Article 5 (e) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx)\n\n- Guideline Number 6, Paragraph 38 (d), of the [Guidelines for the Implementation of the Right to](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G19/353/90/PDF/G1935390.pdf?OpenElement)\n[Adequate Housing](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G19/353/90/PDF/G1935390.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n\n- [The UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G98/104/93/PDF/G9810493.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n\nInternational law recognises that there are exceptional circumstances when evictions may be\ncarried out consistently with human rights principles, for example, when displacing people\nfrom hazard-prone land to protect lives [(OHCHR 01/05/2014). States, however, should adopt](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FS25.Rev.1.pdf)\nlegislation to prohibit forced evictions and ensure that, prior to carrying out any evictions, all\nfeasible alternatives are explored in consultation with the affected people. Several procedural\nprotection mechanisms should also be applied before eviction, including meaningful\nconsultation with those affected, the provision of sufficient notice for all affected people prior\nto a scheduled eviction, the provision of legal remedies, and the provision of legal aid so the\naffected people can pursue legal action. Individuals affected by eviction orders should have\nthe right to adequate compensation for any loss of property, and evictions should never result\n[in individuals becoming homeless or put them at risk of other human rights violations (OHCHR](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT/CESCR/GEC/6430&Lang=en)\n[1997).](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT/CESCR/GEC/6430&Lang=en)\n\n\n\n**Protection from forced evictions in the Yemeni national legal framework**\n\n\nArticle 91 of Rental Law No. 22 of 2006 titled \u2018Arranging the Relations between the Owner and\nthe Tenant\u2019 states that an owner is not authorised to force a tenant out unless the tenant is in\nrent arrears for three months in a row, there is a pressing reason for eviction as determined\nby a court, or there is property misuse, such as when a court issues a verdict on acts that\n[are criminal or not in line with the objective of the tenancy agreement (Republic of Yemen NIC](https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=18844)\n[accessed 06/12/2023). In Yemen Law No. 14 of 2022, Article 360 calls for the detention of those](https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=18844)\n[who default in the payment of rent debt (LCRD Yemen accessed 06/12/2023). A landlord can also](http://www.lcrdye.org/250/)\nend a contract when it has expired without special notice, and rental contracts cannot be more\n[than three years long (UN-Habitat 07/08/2020).](https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220217_State-of-Yemeni-Cities.pdf)\n\n\nThe DFA amended Tenancy Law No. 22 of 2006 in their areas of control for the duration of\nthe war through Law No. 4 of 2021, whereby additional interim safeguards were introduced\nfor tenants, such as the prohibition of increasing rent and the specific suspension of eviction\nbecause of rent default if sufficient warranties are substantiated. While these measures\nprovide a certain level of protection against eviction, they do not address the full spectrum of\nits causes. Only a small number of tenants are able to provide payment warranties to suspend\n[eviction (SabaNet 22/11/2021).](https://www.saba.ye/ar/news3164989.htm)\n\n\n**Causes of forced eviction**\n\n\n**Private landowners are claiming land back for investment and speculation purposes.**\nForced evictions have been especially increasing on private land sites, where groups of IDPs\nhave stayed for years without paying the landowner (Consultation session with NPC responders\n04/10/2023). Recently, however, landlords have begun investing in the land and have stopped\nsupporting longer-term tenancy or the construction of more permanent infrastructure as\nrequired by IDPs (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023). Increased interest in land\ninvestment is triggered by the increased demand for housing caused by the high numbers of\nIDPs, for example in Sana\u2019a [(Al-Monitor 17/03/2022). Many new houses are also being built in](https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/03/real-estate-yemens-sanaa-still-thrives-despite-war)\nother cities, such as Mokha, where service infrastructure such as the harbour and airport have\nbeen reconstructed, increasing the risk of forced eviction when landlords try to make bigger\nprofits from the sale of their land (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023).\n\n\n**Government bodies are reclaiming public land and collective centres for service rebuilding**\n**and, sometimes, to increase their political capital.** Local authorities are reclaiming public sites\non which groups of IDPs have settled to restart public services and provide new infrastructure.\nOther evictions from public land are related to concerns about potential disruptions to the\nhost community\u2019s social cohesion, especially when there is a lack of investment for them\n(Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023). Reported eviction cases from public land\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "point to political reasons and the precarious situation of IDPs from particular areas of origin\nwho are not welcomed by the authorities (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\nFor example, a Norwegian Refugee Council report described the situation in Abyan as a\n[political campaign against \u2018northern\u2019 IDPs (NRC 02/11/2023).](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/yearning-for-a-home-that-no-longer-exists/the-dilemma-facing-people-forced-to-flee-in-yemen.pdf)\n\n\n**Tenants are unable to pay rent for flats and houses because of increased living costs and**\n**insufficient livelihood opportunities.** Most individual evictions involve renters who are more\nthan three months delayed in paying rent (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\nAccording to the UNHCR, in 2023, almost half of all the surveyed tenants who paid rent were\nlate by three to four months, after which a landlord can evict a tenant (UNHCR unpublished). The\nlack of tenants\u2019 awareness of their rights and lack of access to legal redress to challenge\nevictions aggravate their situation.\n\nFigure 4. Average number of months that tenants cannot pay rent in 2023 by\npercentage of households\n\n\nSource: UNHCR (unpublished)\n\n\nThe number of tenants surveyed by UNHCR who were able to pay monthly rent fell from 17%\nin 2022 to 12% in 2023.\n\n\n\nFigure 5. Percentage of households in rented accommodation able to regularly\npay rent in 2022 and 2023\n\n\nSource: UNHCR (unpublished)\n\n\nA major reason behind delays or failure in paying rent is the lack or loss of sufficient\nlivelihood options that would provide some financial security. At the same time, rents are\nrising as a consequence of the cost-of-living crisis and the depreciation of the Yemeni rial in\nIRG-controlled areas, as well as a housing shortage in many urban areas, especially those\n[seeing an influx of displaced people (Sky News 11/01/2023; SCSS 01/06/2023; A24NA 27/08/2022).](https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1587993-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%95%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86)\nForced evictions because of rent non-payment are therefore likely to increase, not only for\nthe displaced but also for host communities whose purchasing power is decreasing with the\ncontinued economic crisis.\n\n\n**Insecure tenure is a compounding factor that increases the risk of forced evictions.** An\n[estimated 1.4 million IDPs overall are living with insecure tenure (ACAPS 29/12/2022). Most IDP](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/protection_analysis_update_january_to_september_2022.pdf)\nsites, whether managed or not, lack tenure agreement or sometimes only involve a verbal\nagreement. Figures from the CCCM displacement tracker show that about half of the IDP\nhouseholds in IDP sites had no tenure agreement from January\u2013September 2023.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 6. Households in IDP sites with tenure agreements in 2023\n\n\n[Source: UNHCR (accessed 06/12/2023)](https://data2.unhcr.org/ar/dataviz/193)\n\n\nLikewise, most IDPs living in privately rented accommodation lack a rental agreement,\nincreasing the risk of eviction or eviction threats. A 2020 survey among renters in Yemen\nby the Overseas Development Institute and the Global Land Alliance found that almost all\nrenters (98%) felt that the biggest eviction threat was the owner asking them to leave. The\nsecond most often named reason by more than 80% of respondents for insecure tenure\nwas the lack of money or other resources to pay rent [(Prindex 02/2021). The survey did not](https://www.prindex.net/documents/631/PX1305_Prindex_Report_www_v2.pdf)\ndifferentiate between displaced and non-displaced people, and results may point to the\ngeneral tenure insecurity any renter in Yemen faces because of the lack of implementation\nof legal protection from evictions.\n\n\n**Some land on which IDP sites are located is unsuitable for settlement** . While most evictions\nare landowner-driven, in some areas, the risk of flooding causes authorities to evict people\nfrom IDP sites without being able to provide suitable land for relocation, as was reported in\nIbb (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\n\n**Groups at heightened risk of forced eviction**\n\n\n**The absence of protection mechanisms for marginalised people from forced eviction,**\n**especially those displaced, increases the risk of repeated forced eviction.** The most-atrisk groups are those that have no social protection mechanisms and no tribal protection\nor protection from customary law (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023). These\ngroups include Al Muhamasheen, who are often excluded from efforts by host communities\nand local authorities when supporting IDPs. They regularly face eviction threats from the\nowners of the land where they take refuge [(UN-Habitat 07/08/2020; MRG accessed 06/12/2023).](https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220217_State-of-Yemeni-Cities.pdf)\nThere have been reported cases of Al Muhamasheen evicted or relocated from IDP sites\nbeing refused at other sites. Some IDPs also consider as competition and discriminate\nagainst migrants and refugees (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023).\n\n\n**Older people, people living with disabilities with no family support, and women- and child-**\n**headed households are especially at risk of forced evictions and have no legal protection.**\nAn estimated two-thirds of older people do not have an income, and a similar number have\n[had to borrow money since the conflict began and rely on others to meet their needs (Dorcas](https://dorcas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Dorcas-Report-Older-People-in-Conflicts.pdf)\n[28/06/2022). Women and children are also especially at risk of evictions when the male](https://dorcas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Dorcas-Report-Older-People-in-Conflicts.pdf)\nhousehold head has left to earn money or is imprisoned, leaving women and children behind\n[with no money to hand and no male authority figure in the household (ACAPS 14/04/2023). In Al](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230414_ACAPS_Yemen_challenges_to_housing_land_and_property_rights.pdf)\nHawtah, for example, UN-Habitat found that 55 child-headed households were particularly\n[tenure insecure, exposing them to a high risk of eviction (UN-Habitat 07/08/2020)](https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220217_State-of-Yemeni-Cities.pdf)\n\n\n**Protection risks stemming from forced evictions**\n\n\n**Insufficient access to legal protection for tenants with insecure tenure increases their**\n**risk of forced eviction.** Many landlords still do not know their rights and obligations, and\nneither do the tenants know the rights and legal protection they are entitled to. For tenants\nwho do and want to challenge eviction threats, access to legal safeguards is also often not\naffordable (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023). Legal practitioners, however,\nhave reported an increase in court cases in relation to forced evictions in recent few years,\nnoting that forced eviction cases have become among the highest litigated cases in DFA\nareas (UNHCR unpublished). This could reflect the increase in forced eviction cases but\nalso a higher level of awareness and/or accessibility of legal protection options through\nhumanitarian organisations. Corresponding information on the issue from IRG-controlled\nareas is not available.\n\n\n**During forced eviction, civil documentation, HLP documentation, and other belongings**\n**are confiscated** (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023). These confiscations often\nleave evicted people without basic belongings to start a home somewhere else. Regarding\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "document confiscation, IDPs rarely have the money to apply for replacement, or they do\n[not have access to the issuing authority (ACAPS 14/04/2023). As a result, evicted people may](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230414_ACAPS_Yemen_challenges_to_housing_land_and_property_rights.pdf)\nremain without the essential documents needed to claim their full range of rights [(ACAPS](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/protection_analysis_update_january_to_september_2022.pdf)\n[29/12/2022). Although such confiscations are criminal acts, given affected tenants\u2019 lack of](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/protection_analysis_update_january_to_september_2022.pdf)\naccess to effective legal support, landlords are not deterred from such practices (Consultation\nsession with NPC responders 04/10/2023).\n\n\n**Household heads with rent arrears risk detention.** Household heads have been imprisoned,\noften over months and without legal assistance, because of their inability to pay outstanding\nrent debt (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023). They remain detained until their\nfamily manages to gather whatever funds they can to pay off the fines and the accumulated\nrental arrears (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023). It is likely extremely\nchallenging to find enough money for this given that the family already had insufficient funds\nto meet their original debts. The rest of the household also needs to find a new place to stay\nwhile their head is imprisoned.\n\n\n**Female tenants with rent arrears face a heightened risk of sexual harassment and**\n**exploitation.** This threat includes landlords\u2019 proposals of sexual relationships when female\n[tenants do not have an income (ACAPS 14/04/2023).](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230414_ACAPS_Yemen_challenges_to_housing_land_and_property_rights.pdf)\n\n\n**The risk of poverty and redisplacement increases** when IDPs are evicted and settle in\ndangerous and cheaper, low-serviced neighbourhoods. Others put up tents in gardens or\non green strips by the roadside, living in substandard conditions (Consultation session with NPC\nresponders 29/08/2023). Access to humanitarian services and resources to provide services\nand infrastructure in a new location might be limited, and IDPs risk losing their livelihoods,\nleading to poverty. They may also be forcibly evicted again for occupying public land or\n[private property without permission (ICRC 12/06/2020).](https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4344-displaced-cities-experiencing-and-responding-urban-internal-displacement-outside)\n\n\n**Gaps in the forced eviction response**\n\n\n**Lack of process implementations for the safe relocation of IDPs in the case of mass**\n**evictions from sites**\n\n- The 2022 truce inspired the authorities to desire restarting public services in locations\nwhere IDPs have settled. The NPC\u2019s relocation framework has been supporting IDPs\u2019\nsafe relocation and providing them alternative land [(NPC 20/06/2023). In spite of the](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/framework-voluntary-relocations-idps-elsewhere-country)\nguidance available, however, eviction cases of IDPs hosted on private and government\nland still occur without an eviction notice in some cases, and the affected people are not\nconsulted nor safely relocated. NPC data collection on 2023 eviction threats from Ma\u2019rib\nshows that for 27 of 33 evictions from both private and public sites, such as museums\nand college buildings, no alternative land was provided for more than 7,500 households\n(NPC unpublished).\n\n\n\nFigure 7. Households in Ma\u2019rib IDP sites under eviction threat with no alternative\nland available\n\n\nSource: NPC (unpublished)\n\n- In some cases where alternative land for evicted IDPs was found, the necessary\ninvestment for building infrastructure or making services available and accessible to the\nrelocated IDPs has not been addressed (Consultation session with NPC responders 04/10/2023).\n\n\n**Landlords\u2019 and tenants\u2019 insufficient awareness of their rights**\n\n- With landlords and tenants not being aware of the possible legal redress and the required\nprocedural mechanisms for evictions, more awareness needs to be built around the\nproper tenure agreements for privately rented accommodation and IDP sites where there\nare often no tenure agreements or only verbal ones (Consultation session with NPC responders\n29/08/2023).\n\n- Legal assistance, mediation, and engagement in community-led and customary-led\nsolutions before, during, and following evictions are not yet provided to those affected by\nevictions and require scaling up (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\n**Underuse of legal assistance and traditional mechanisms dealing with evictions**\n\n- Local community leaders and sheikhs who are trusted by the community might be able to\ninfluence eviction decisions and support finding alternative sites. Traditional mechanisms\nto deal with evictions is not yet sufficiently understood and could help in the finding of\ndurable solutions (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Insufficient support for IDPs with return intentions and those who have returned to their**\n**place of origin**\n\n- Return intentions among IDPs vary widely across Yemen. Protection Cluster consultations\nhighlighted the high number of people intending to return, for example from Aden to\nAl Hodeidah (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023). These IDPs require\ninformation and assistance for voluntary and safe return in coordination with clusters,\nauthorities, and other key stakeholders. Transport, for example, is expensive and often\nunaffordable. Many also do not know about the state or occupancy of their homes or the\nlevel of landmine contamination in their areas of origin. Some return home without the\n[required security in place (UN-Habitat 07/08/2020).](https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/220217_State-of-Yemeni-Cities.pdf)\n\n- All returnees require support for the long-term security of livelihoods, protection, shelter\navailability, and access to basic services, including water, sanitation, and health facilities.\nSupport coordination across clusters for returnees and those with return intentions is\nrequired, reinforced by the NPC\u2019s HLP case management tool.\n\n- While the NPC captures return intentions in eviction cases that follow a process of\nnotification and consultation, access to IDPs and inquiring about their return intention\nbecomes more difficult where forced evictions happen, more specifically in DFAcontrolled areas.\n\n- There is anecdotal evidence that some IDPs who had settled on privately owned land\nwere given a limited period of one week to vacate the land. The expectation was that\nthe majority of these individuals would return to their areas of origin, and authorities in\nthese areas requested cash for protection assistance. This raises concerns about the\npotential to contribute to premature returns if assistance was provided without the\nproper assessment of return intents and the risk to areas of origin. Likewise, reports from\nAl Buja on the west coast, where people had fled to from Hays district, suggest that IDPs\nwere evicted on the basis that they had homes in their areas of origin, likely also without\nassessment of the return option (Consultation session with NPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n- Parties to the conflict have occupied land and driven people out of their homes. With\npeople returning to their homes, there may be disputes that require mediation support.\nSuch situations need to be included in humanitarian programming (Consultation session with\nNPC responders 29/08/2023).\n\n\n\n**Recommendations to the NPC, responders, the Durable Solutions Working Group,**\n**and other stakeholders for the response to forced evictions:**\n\n\n**To the NPC and the Durable Solutions Working Group**\n\n- Encourage authorities to establish and support local alternative dispute resolution\nprocesses that can help prevent evictions where none are available.\n\n- Engage in joint advocacy and awareness raising with the relevant authorities on\nevictions from sites in line with the Centrality of Protection strategy.\n\n- Provide training and capacity-building for local authorities on the importance of\nrespecting human rights and international standards when dealing with eviction\ncases.\n\n- Promote the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve conflicts\nrelated to land and housing to secure people\u2019s HLP rights.\n\n- Address the risk of forced evictions in assessments, analyses, and planning\nfor area-based initiatives of humanitarian, durable solutions and development\nresponders.\n\n- Develop, in coordination with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Mechanism, a\nhumanitarian policy position on addressing evictions, and mainstream it across\nall humanitarian responders.\n\n\n**To NPC responders**\n\n- Strengthen and increase funding for the provision of legal assistance that provides\naccess to legal representation, counselling, and mediation for individuals and\ngroups facing forced eviction threats and increases their awareness of their legal\nrights as tenants.\n\n- Mobilise more responders to provide legal assistance to improve legal\nrepresentation access, mediation, counselling, and awareness for individuals and\ncommunities with insecure tenure.\n\n- Explore and strengthen collaboration with traditional leaders and customary\nresolution mechanisms.\n\n- Facilitate dialogue between authorities, traditional leaders, and affected\ncommunities to foster understanding, cooperation, and conflict resolution.\n\n- Develop mediation mechanisms that incorporate both formal and customary\ndispute resolution processes to address eviction-related disputes and include\nthem in 2024 NPC priority activities.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Build the capacity of responders to negotiate with landlords and local authorities\non behalf of tenants. In line with good practice, also ensure the commencement of\nnegotiations with private landlords, with the support of the authorities, three months\nbefore the end of the land agreement. This is a proactive and advisable approach\nto mitigate potential negative impacts and seek mutually acceptable solutions. In\nthe past, responders, with the support of the local authority, successfully negotiated\nwith landlords for extension or identified alternative land in an early stage before the\n[eviction/end of land agreement in line with the NPC Framework for Voluntary Relocations of](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/framework-voluntary-relocations-idps-elsewhere-country)\n[IDPs Elsewhere in the Country.](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/framework-voluntary-relocations-idps-elsewhere-country)\n\n- For cases threatened with eviction, strengthen referral pathways to access\nhumanitarian assistance that may address/mitigate eviction, particularly cash-based\ninterventions.\n\n\n**Legal aid and support**\n\n- Strengthen and increase funding for legal assistance that provides access to legal\nrepresentation, counselling, and mediation for individuals and communities facing\nevictions and eviction threats.\n\n- Explore and strengthen collaboration with traditional leaders and customary\nresolution mechanisms.\n\n- Facilitate dialogue between authorities, traditional leaders, and affected communities\nto foster understanding, cooperation, and conflict resolution.\n\n- Develop mediation mechanisms that incorporate both formal and customary dispute\nresolution processes to address eviction-related disputes and include them in 2024\nNPC priority activities.\n\n- Build the capacity of responders in negotiations with landlords and local authorities.\nIn line with good practice, also ensure the commencement of negotiations with\nprivate landlords, with the support of the authorities, three months before the end of\nthe land agreement.\n\n\n**Community empowerment and mobilisation**\n\n- Strengthen the capacity of local communities to understand their housing and land\nrights, including how to access legal systems and advocate their rights.\n\n- Encourage community-led initiatives to document land tenure and property ownership\nthrough culturally sensitive methods.\n\n- Provide livelihood assistance and social cohesion activities, as well as financial\nsupport for emergency cases, to help IDPs cover rent or find alternative housing\nsolutions.\n\n\n\n\n- Enhance collaboration with the relevant public institutions for joint actions.\n\n\n**Data collection and documentation**\n\n- Strengthen existing systems to collect and report data on eviction cases and their\nimpacts to inform evidence-based advocacy and targeted interventions.\n\n- Improve data collection on eviction drivers from the landlords\u2019 perspective and overall\ncountry eviction trends that affect IDPs as a group of the population.\n\n\n**Awareness-raising campaigns**\n\n- Conduct awareness-raising campaigns targeting both authorities and communities\nto promote an understanding of the importance of IDP housing rights and the negative\nimpacts of forced evictions.\n\n\n**Coordination with Multipurpose Cash Assistance programmes**\n\n- Closely coordinate and use referrals for Multipurpose Cash Assistance to address\nlong-term socioeconomic needs and reduce coping mechanisms with potentially\nharmful consequences associated with evictions.\n\n\n**Advocacy**\n\n- Work with NNGOs, INGOs, and civil society organisations to advocate the rights of\nthose at risk of eviction and legal protection for tenants, including IDPs.\n\n- Collaborate with customary leaders in advocating housing rights for all without\ndiscrimination.\n\n- Advocate a displacement/protection-sensitive public policy for eviction.\n\n\n**Linkages with other strategic initiatives in the country**\n\n- Work with development and durable solutions responders to reduce the risk of\ndisplacement and evictions, in line with the Centrality of Protection strategy for\nYemen.\n\n- Support all efforts that bring an end to displacement and promote durable solutions\nfor displaced people, e.g. returning to places of origin once the conditions conducive\nto return are in place, local integration, or relocation.\n\n- To avoid premature returns, ensure coordination with the Durable Solutions Working\nGroup in areas where a high risk of evictions continue through the completion of\nintention surveys and communication of findings-analysis to inform principled\napproaches to address evictions and eviction threats.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20231228_ACAPS_Yemen_analysis_hub_forced_evictions_analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_390/raw/doc_390_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_390/raw/doc_390_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1d19a4efe60dd39a50713721bfe262b1ce0e9b4f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_390/raw/doc_390_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,412 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework \u2013 Kenya** **Country Summary as at 31 December 2021**\n\nKenya maintains an encampment policy. Roughly 84% of\nthe refugee population resides in the Dadaab Refugee\nComplex in Garissa County and the Kakuma camp and\nKalobeyei integrated settlement in Turkana County. An\nestimated 205,000 Kenyans live in refugee-hosting areas\nin the two counties and access humanitarian programmes\nand development projects, notably as part of the Kalobeyei\nIntegrated Socioeconomic Development Plan (KISEDP) in\nTurkana County. More than 53% of the refugee population is\nfrom Somalia, with the majority located in Dadaab. Refugees\nfrom South Sudan make up 25% of the population and are\nresiding mainly in Kakuma and Kalobeyei. About 16% of the\npopulation lives in urban areas, mainly Nairobi, Eldoret, and\nMombasa, though perhaps only half have been authorized\nby the Government to do so.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS**\n\n(AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nRefugee camps and settlements in Dadaab and Kakuma-Kalobeyei are located in areas that are economically\ndisadvantaged and among the poorest and most sparsely populated regions of the country. As national\nservices are limited in the two refugee-hosting counties, host communities are supported with basic services\nprovided in the camps by UNHCR and other humanitarian partners, particularly in the areas of education,\nhealth care and water. The Kalobeyei Integrated Socioeconomic Development Plan (KISEDP) in Kakuma is\na joint initiative with the Government, UN agencies, development partners and the private sector, that aims\nto enhance socio-economic development in support of both refugees and hosting communities. Between\nJanuary 2018 and June 2021, a total of USD 107.3 million was spent on the initiative, including USD 20\nmillion from Kenya\u2019s national budget. Similarly, the Garissa County Government has developed the Garissa\nIntegrated Socioeconomic Development Plan (GISEDP), which is pending finalization and endorsement by\nthe Government. Section 35 of the Refugees Act, 2021 confirms that national and county governments should\nensure that \u201crefugee matters are taken into consideration in the initiation and formulation of sustainable\ndevelopment and environmental plans,\u201d and the County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) will serve\nas an important framework for planning and resource mobilization in refugee-hosting areas in coordination\nwith the implementation of KISEDP and GISEDP.\n\n\nIn line with the implementation of KISEDP and the ongoing development of GISEDP, priorities for mediumand long-term financing in host communities include: (1) development of WASH infrastructure to mitigate\nthe effects of recurring drought and flooding; (2) improved public infrastructure, including roads, markets,\neconomic zones and waste management facilities; (3) expansion of renewable energy solutions; (4)\nenhanced access to financial services, including micro-finance programmes, to support self-reliance; (5)\nimproved health-care and nutrition programmes, including facilities and services; (6) support to agriculture\nand pastoralism; (7) improved and expanded education and vocational skills training; and (8) increased use\nof cash-based interventions to provide temporary assistance and contribute to economic development.\n\n\nThe Bill of Rights in the [Constitution of Kenya](http://kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=398) guarantees all individuals in Kenya their social, economic\nand cultural rights and binds the state to provide appropriate social security to persons unable to support\nthemselves and their dependants. This right is closely linked to other social protection rights, including the\nright to health, human dignity, reasonable working conditions and access to justice. The Vision 2030 as well\nas other poverty reduction policy documents also recognize and place great emphasis on social protection\nas a powerful tool for improving the quality of life for all Kenyans.\n\n\nThe National Safety Net Programme, known as Inua Jamii, includes cash transfers for orphans and vulnerable\nchildren, older persons, and persons with severe disabilities, while the Hunger Safety Net Programme\ncovers eight Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) counties, including the two refugee-hosting counties, Turkana\nand Garissa. On average, 25% of the population in Kenya is covered by various national social protection\nprogrammes, with 1.2 million persons benefitting from the Inua Jamii programme, including the Hunger\nSafety Net Programme and cash transfer programmes for orphaned and vulnerable children, older persons,\nand persons with severe disabilities.\n\n\nThe Inua Jamii programme has the ability to scale up payments based on shocks or other criteria, though\nsignificant gaps remain in refugee-hosting counties where poverty levels are high. The National Social Security\nFund primarily services the formal sector, and the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) is increasing its\ncoverage in line with a presidential focus on universal health-care coverage. However, social insurance\ncoverage of the agricultural and informal sectors, where most Kenyans access their livelihoods, is limited.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nThe proportion of spending financed by domestic sources is increasing, with the Government now financing\nall regular cash transfers and development partner resources increasingly focused on technical assistance\nincluding capacity-building, policy development, monitoring, complementary pilots, coordination, etc. World\nBank support to the sector comes through the Kenya Social and Economic Inclusion Programme, a resultsbased financing programme, while UNICEF, USAID, WFP, UKAid, FAD, HelpAge International and UNHCR\nare engaged in various financing and systems strengthening initiatives.\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe refugee settlements in Dadaab and Kakuma host refugees from more than 20 different countries of\norigin, the majority being from South Sudan and Somalia, with diverse ethnicities, cultures and languages\nthat often create tensions that can lead to conflict, including between refugees and members of host\ncommunities.\n\n\nNational policies can be applied to identify, prevent and mitigate potential social tension and risks of violence\nin refugee-hosting areas. In this regard, the Refugees Act, 2021 includes various provisions that relate to the\nrelationship between refugees and the communities hosting them, including:\n## \u2022 [Sub-section 34(1):] [ \u201cThe Commissioner shall, so far as is practicable, ensure that there is shared use of ]\n\npublic institutions, facilities and spaces between the refugees and the host communities.\u201d\n## \u2022 [Sub-section 34(2):] [ \u201cThe Commissioner shall sensitize the host communities about the presence of ]\n\nrefugees and any other matters relating to their co-existence with each other.\u201d\n## \u2022 [Sub-section 8(2)(t):] [ The Commissioner shall \u201cinitiate, in collaboration with the development partners, ]\n\nprojects that promote peaceful and harmonious co-existence between the host communities and refugees.\u201d\n\n\nAdditionally, the National Cohesion and Integration Act, 2008, while not specifically mentioning refugees,\nseeks to encourage national cohesion and integration by outlawing discrimination on ethnic grounds.\n\n\nUNHCR regularly engages community leadership structures to promote social cohesion, including dialogues\nwith elected community leaders, councils of elders, youth groups and members of ethnic groups, as\na measure to mitigate protracted conflicts. Initiatives to promote peace-building and social cohesion between\nrefugees and host communities are central components of the ongoing response. Peace Committees, with\nmembership from both the refugee and host communities, are involved in settling disputes and facilitating\nreconciliation at both individual and group level. Peace committees are also helpful in promoting dialogue\nbetween communities and identifying issues that impact peaceful co-existence.\n\nIn close partnership with the Department of Refugee Services (DRS), Community Peace and Protection\nTeams (CPPTs) are in place. They comprise police, DRS, and representatives of the refugee and host\ncommunities, with their core function being to report crimes, security incidents and other issues affecting\npeaceful co-existence. The CPPT structure, which has individuals in each block and neighbourhood, is\neffective in ensuring the quick resolution of conflicts including misunderstandings between refugees and\nmembers of the host community.\n\n\nIn urban areas, NGOs such as Pamoja Trust continue to support local peacebuilding and security mechanisms\nby promoting community dialogues between refugees, security actors and members of host communities,\nwhich provides the opportunity for all to air their concerns and find a mutually beneficial way forward.\n\n\nThe Constitution of Kenya provides for freedom from discrimination and places an obligation on the State\nto take affirmative action to design programmes and policies that redress any disadvantages suffered by\nany particular groups. The Constitution offers equal protection of political, economic, cultural and social\nopportunities for both men and women. However, the Constitution does not protect against discrimination\non grounds of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity, and the Penal Code criminalizes same-sex\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nconduct under Sections 162 and 165. Additionally, sub-section 19(2) of the Refugees Act, 2021 provides that\na refugee may be expelled from Kenya if the individual is engaging in conduct that is in breach of public\norder or contrary to public morality under the law, irrespective of whether the conduct is linked to his or her\nclaim for asylum; while this provision does not specifically refer to persons with an LGBTIQ+ profile it could\nbe applied in this context.\n\n\nUnder the Refugees Act, 2021, the Commissioner for Refugee Affairs is required to take specific measures\nto ensure the protection of the dignity and safety of women and children and those living with disabilities,\nincluding affirmative action measures.\n\n\nOther laws that offer protection from discrimination in the workspace and in recruitment processes include\nthe Employment Act, 2007, the Labour Relations Act, 2007 and the Persons with Disabilities Act, 2003.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe Constitution of Kenya provides for the right to a clean and healthy environment for all, with Chapter\nV dealing with the protection of the environment and enforcement of environmental rights. The Environmental\nManagement and Co-ordination Act (Cap 387) provides the framework of Kenya\u2019s environmental law and\naims to improve the legal and administrative coordination of diverse sectoral initiatives so as to enhance the\nnational capacity for effective environmental management. The Act harmonizes sector-specific legislation\ntouching on the environment in a manner designed to ensure greater protection of the environment in line\nwith the National Environment Policy, 2013. Section 58 of the Act requires proponents of a development\nlikely to have deleterious effects on the environment to prepare and submit an environmental impact\nassessment (EIA) to the National Environment Management Agency (NEMA). In addition, several regulations\nhave been enacted to operationalize the Act, including:\n## \u2022 [Environmental Management and Coordination (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003, which ]\n\nguide the preparation of EIAs and provide guidelines and standards.\n## \u2022 [Environmental Management and Coordination (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006, which address the ]\n\npollution of water resources, water conservation and the protection of water sources.\n## \u2022 [Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2006, which focus on ]\n\nthe management of solid waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, pesticides and toxic and radioactive\nsubstances, with the aim of addressing the impact of pollution.\n## \u2022 [Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulations, 2014, which are aimed at ]\n\ncontrolling, preventing and abating air pollution.\n## \u2022 [The Environmental Management and Co-Ordination (Conservation of Biological Diversity and Resources, ]\n\nAccess to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing) Regulations, 2006, which provide that no person shall\nengage in any activity that may have an adverse impact on any ecosystem, lead to the introduction of any\nexotic species, or lead to unsustainable use of natural resources.\n## \u2022 [The Water Act, 2016, which provides for the regulation, management and development of water resources, ]\n\nwater and sewerage services, and other connected purposes; every water resource, according to Section\n5 of the Act, is vested in and held by the national Government in trust for the people of Kenya.\n## \u2022 [The Public Health Act, 2012, which aims at prohibiting activities that may be injurious to the general ]\n\npublic. It outlines the responsibilities of county governments to maintain a safe and clean environment by\ncontrolling development activities during the establishment and operation of proposed projects.\n## \u2022 [The National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018 \u2013 2022, which is a five-year plan that helps ]\n\nKenya adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; the Act requires the Government\nto develop action plans to guide the mainstreaming of climate change into sector functions and sets out\npriority action areas with adaptation and mitigation measures.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nFurthermore, County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) identify key environmental areas of concern,\nincluding contributors to environmental degradation, the effects of climate change, and environmental\nmitigation measures and adaptation strategies. The influx of refugees is cited as one of the factors contributing\nto environmental degradation in the CIDPs for Garissa and Turkana Counties, where Dadaab and Kakuma\nare located. In this regard, a key component of the Government of Kenya\u2019s Development Response to\nDisplacement Impacts Project (KDRDIP) is to enhance environmental management for communities hosting\nrefugees through integrated natural resources management and access to energy.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021, the Refugee Regulations, 2009 (which are currently being updated), Kenya\u2019s 2020\n[Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) roadmap, and the Support for Host Community and](https://refugee.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Kenya-Comprehensive-Refugee-Response-Framework-CRRF.pdf)\n[Refugee Empowerment](https://refugee.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Kenya-Comprehensive-Refugee-Response-Framework-CRRF.pdf) (SHARE) initiative, form the basis for Kenya\u2019s national preparedness framework\nto respond to refugee inflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts on\nhosting regions.\n\n\nIn October 2020, the Government of Kenya approved the SHARE initiative, which focuses on ensuring\naccess to asylum, enhancing host community and refugee resilience through education, economic inclusion\nand livelihoods, including by strengthening registration and refugee status determination processes, timely\nissuance of documentation, supporting the immediate and ongoing needs of host communities, refugees\nand asylum-seekers, and promoting regional cooperation and international responsibility sharing in the\nrealization of durable solutions. The document calls for the establishment of a national steering committee\nand other coordination structures towards achieving these objectives, though as yet these structures have\nnot been put in place.\n\n\nIn practice, refugee protection and response, as well as emergency preparedness, are coordinated through\nnational interagency multi-year strategic plans drafted by the Government\u2019s Department of Refugee Services\nand UNHCR. Joint programming will continue to be implemented with other UN agencies as part of the UN\nSustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) over the next four years, with Turkana and\nGarissa Counties being selected, among others, as priority locations.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nKenya became party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees on 16 May 1966, and its\n1967 Protocol on 13 November 1981, both without reservations. The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the\nSpecific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa was ratified by Kenya on 23 June 1992. Under Article 3 of\nthe Constitution of Kenya, any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the laws of Kenya.\n\n\nThese international and regional refugee instruments are implemented through the Refugees Act, 2021,\nwhich replaces the Refugees Act, 2006. The Act requires that regulations be developed to operationalize\nthe provisions of the Act within six months of its commencement, though this process is expected to be\ncompleted by the end of 2022. In practice, the Refugee Regulations, 2009 are still used as an ad hoc\nimplementing framework.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 generally provides refugees and asylum-seekers rights in line with international and\nregional refugee protection standards and Kenya\u2019s commitments under the Global Compact on Refugees\n(GCR). It provides protection against refoulement and outlines asylum procedures, including registration,\ndocumentation and refugee status determination. The Act recognizes the rights of refugees to participate\nin economic and social development, specifically the right to engage in gainful employment and economic\nenterprise. It also supports refugee inclusion by urging national and county governments to include refugees\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nin development planning \u2013 which is one of Kenya\u2019s GRF pledges. While the Act grants recognized refugees\nthe right to engage in gainful employment and economic enterprise subject to applicable laws, it does not\nprovide for simplified access to labour markets through the issuance of work permits for refugees, which is\nregulated by the Citizenship and Immigration Act, 2011.\n\n\nWhile offering a range of benefits to refugee protection in Kenya, the Refugees Act, 2021 maintains the\nencampment policy and includes exclusion clauses and expulsion modalities that are not fully compliant\nwith the relevant provisions of the 1951 Convention.\n\n\nThe Government of Kenya made a total of 10 pledges at the October 2019 High-Level Segment on\nStatelessness and the December 2019 GRF. Among these, three are strategic GRF pledges that build on\nongoing GCR-related activities on protection, education and solutions, the UN Sustainable Development\nGoals, and other regional policy instruments including the Nairobi Process, the Djibouti Declaration on\nRefugee Education, and the Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods, and Self-Reliance for Refugees,\nReturnees and Host Communities. In October 2020, the Government of Kenya approved the CRRF and\ndeveloped its own action plan, SHARE. Its implementation was to be overseen by a national steering\ncommittee which is yet to be formed. Details regarding SHARE have been released but have not yet been\nwidely disseminated among relevant government counterparts and host communities.\n\n\nKey principles on refugee inclusion in national services reflected in these policies are also incorporated\nin the Refugees Act, 2021, which generally provides more opportunities for local solutions for refugees in\nKenya. The Act recognizes the rights of refugees to participate in economic and social development and\nprovides a legal framework for advancing refugee inclusion by highlighting the need to consider refugees in\nnational and county development plans, and emphasizing the shared use of public institutions, facilities and\nspaces between refugees and host communities. The inclusion of refugees in national programmes is also\na key commitment made by the Government of Kenya at the GRF in 2019. It is expected that the forthcoming\nRefugee Regulations will more clearly outline how greater inclusion will be achieved under the Act.\n\n\nMedium- to long-term development financing would be particularly beneficial to support the Government\nto expand the KISEDP initiative in Kakuma and Kalobeyei and to get the GISEDP in Garissa County,\nwhere the Dadaab camps are located, off the ground following delays in implementation due to security\nconcerns and (unrealized) expectations of large-scale returns of Somali refugees. Both initiatives provide\nan excellent opportunity for the application of the CRRF and the GCR. The second phase of KISEDP\n(2023-2027) will be implemented in line with the Refugee Act, 2021 and the Turkana County Integrated\nDevelopment Plan, and will be aligned with UNHCR\u2019s Multi-Year Strategy for 2023-2026. KISEDP II aims\nto further build resilience, expand opportunities for self-reliance and reduce poverty for both refugees\nand host communities through enhanced socioeconomic inclusion, integrated service provision and\nimproved economic opportunities by engaging the private sector through a whole-of-society approach.\nThe forthcoming Refugee Regulations will be instrumental in guiding the implementation of KISEDP and\nGISEDP and expanding access to self-reliance opportunities.\n\n\nThe development of regulations to guide the implement the Refugees Act, 2021 is ongoing. As a relatively\nnew piece of legislation, many stakeholders, including the refugee and host communities, are not yet\nconversant with its provisions. The Department of Refugee Services is tasked under the Act with creating\nawareness and liaising with relevant stakeholders on its implementation.\n\n\nSub-section 28(7) of the Refugees Act, 2021 indicates: \u201cWithout prejudice to the generality of the foregoing,\nand subject to the special circumstances of refugees, the Refugee Identity Card shall at a minimum have\na similar status to the Foreign National Registration Certificate issued under Section 56 (2) of the Kenya\nCitizenship and Immigration Act for the purposes of accessing the rights and fulfilling obligations under this\nlaw.\u201d However, as dissemination of the Act remains limited, government departments and service providers,\nincluding those offering financial services, are generally not aware that the refugee identity card can be\nused to access such services.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021, which came into effect in February 2022, and the Refugee Regulations, 2009, which\nare currently being updated in line with the new Act, provide the framework for registration, documentation\nand refugee status determination (RSD). Under the Act, RSD recommendations are made by the Refugee\nStatus Eligibility Panel (RSEP), comprising officials from the DRS and UNHCR. Similar to the Technical\nAdvisory Committee (TAC) under the Refugees Act, 2006, the RSEP makes recommendations based on\ninterviews and assessments completed by DRS eligibility officers. UNHCR can be co-opted to provide the\nRSEP with technical advice. The final decision at first instance is taken by the Commissioner for Refugee\nAffairs, who endorses or overturns the recommendations of the RSEP. Appeals of negative decisions are\nto be considered by the Refugee Status Appeals Committee, with a final appeal available to the High Court\nof Kenya. Asylum-seekers from South Sudan are recognized as refugees through a prima facie approach,\nwhile all other asylum-seekers undergo individual RSD.\n\n\nWhile this system envisaged in the legislation is in line with applicable norms and standards, in practice the\nprocess is heavily dependent on UNHCR funding. DRS staff positions are funded through UNHCR\u2019s annual\noperations budget and are not created as permanent positions in line with government procedures, and\nsignificant staff turnover impacts long-term RSD capacity development of DRS staff. Furthermore, more\nneeds to be done to improve efficiency through implementation of streamlined and diversified RSD caseprocessing methodologies, particularly for case profiles in which objective and reliable country of origin\ninformation indicate a high presumption of eligibility. This is necessary to address the recurring problem\nof RSD backlogs, which as of end-2021 stood at more than 59,000 individual asylum-seekers awaiting\na decision. Further delays have been seen over the past two years due to work-from-home modalities\nand restrictions on in-person interviews put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, although these\nrestrictions have now all been lifted. Additional concerns relate to inconsistent and discriminatory access\nto asylum procedures. Registration, documentation and RSD procedures have remained suspended\nfor Somali asylum-seekers in Dadaab since May 2016, while RSD decisions for asylum-seekers with an\nLGBTIQ+ profile have not proceeded since mid-2021.\n\n\nAt the 2019 GRF, Kenya pledged to support the strengthening of institutions and structures that manage\nasylum, deliver services and provide security in refugee-hosting areas. Based on the pledges made at the\nGRF, Kenya and Denmark were proposed as a match under the Asylum Capacity Support Group during the\nfollow-up of the GRF in 2021. Further to the matching process, Kenya and Denmark have developed a project\nwith the objectives of strengthening the Government of Kenya\u2019s asylum management system to deliver fair,\nefficient and adaptable national RSD procedures aligned to national and international legal frameworks, and\nto improve procedures for admission and reception of asylum-seekers and protection against refoulement.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 requires that any person entering Kenya to seek asylum shall make his or her\nintention known immediately upon entry, or at least within thirty days, by reporting to the nearest reception\ncentre or the nearest government administrative office. The Act grants asylum-seekers the right to stay in\nthe country for the duration of the refugee application. Asylum-seekers are provided with an asylum-seeker\npass that is valid for ninety days, which is renewable. The asylum-seeker pass grants them the right to stay\nuntil such time as their status has been determined, but the renewal of passes has not been consistent\nand has often been subject to significant delays. In 2017, a directive was issued by the then-Commissioner\nfor Refugee Affairs, requiring all new arrivals registered in urban areas to report to the designated areas\n(refugee camps) unless exempted by the Government, and consequently the automatic renewal of asylumseeker passes was suspended. Once refugee status has been granted, refugees are entitled to a refugee\nidentity card with a renewable validity of five years; as with asylum-seeker passes, the renewal of refugee\nidentity cards is often delayed. There are no limitations on the right to stay, in policy or in practice, unless\nthe individual\u2019s refugee status is cancelled, revoked, or ceased under the Act.\n\n\nGenerally, persons whose claims have been rejected and who have exhausted the appeal process remain in\nthe country, mostly as undocumented persons. Sub-section 14(3) of the Refugees Act, 2021 now mandates\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe Commissioner for Refugee Affairs to notify the Director of Immigration within 60 days of final rejections\nof asylum applications, and the Director of Immigration shall deal with the applicant in accordance with\nimmigration law.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021, provides the right of asylum-seekers to remain in the country until the asylum process\nis completed and to be protected against refoulement, including the safeguard that any expulsion shall only\nbe undertaken following due process of law. Exceptions to the principle of non-refoulement through wider\ngrounds for expulsion of asylum-seekers and refugees have been expanded to include persons \u201cengaging\nin a conduct that is in breach or is likely to result in breach of public order or contrary to public morality\u201d\nunder sub-section 19(2) of the Act. This issue is under discussion, including as part of the process of drafting\nRefugee Regulations to guide the implementation of the Act, to ensure that affected persons have access\nto applicable legal remedies and to ensure respect for the principles of non-discrimination, non-refoulement\nand non-penalization enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers with a claim based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity can lodge their asylum\nclaims on that basis. However, further processing of such claims to determine refugee status is proving\nchallenging and appears to have been suspended since mid-2021 (without formal notification). There are\nindications that the protection space for such claimants in Kenya may be becoming increasingly restrictive,\nas noted above with regard to sub-section 19(2) of the Refugees Act, 2021.\n\n\nSub-section 4(2)(b) of the Refugees Act, 2021 imposes restrictions on access to asylum for individuals who\nhave sought asylum or been granted refugee status in another country prior to entry to Kenya if he or she\ncan be readmitted to that country and benefit from effective protection. While the assessment on effective\nprotection is a welcome safeguard for people in need of international protection, it remains to be seen how\nthis will be implemented in practice.\n\n\nIn 2021, there were no known cases of refoulement or unlawful termination of refugee status. While one\nindividual\u2019s refugee status was withdrawn in accordance with the law by the Commissioner for Refugee\nAffairs, this decision was overturned by the Refugee Appeals Board in March 2021 and the individual\u2019s refugee\nstatus was reinstated.\n\n\nCOVID-19 containment measures and border closures affected access to the territory and the right to seek\nasylum; however, with the lifting of these measures and the reopening of borders mid-2021, access to\nthe territory remains largely unrestricted. Certain border points, nevertheless, remain closed officially, in\nparticular the border between Kenya and Somalia, so asylum-seekers continue to enter the country through\ninformal border crossing points.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe Department of Refugee Services (DRS), the Refugee Advisory Committee (RAC), the Refugee Status\nEligibility Committee (RSEC) and the Refugee Status Appeals Committee (RSAC) are the administrative\ninstitutions outlined in the Refugees Act, 2021. DRS, led by the Commissioner for Refugee Affairs, is the main\ngovernment interlocutor responsible for administrative matters, coordination of activities and programmes,\nand operational aspects of refugee protection, with the RAC providing advice and guidance on policy\nmatters. Although the Act does not define the competent line Ministry overseeing DRS, the Department is\ncurrently under the Ministry of Interior and National Administration. The Commissioner acts as an interlocutor\nbetween the various ministries, the national and county governments, and relevant stakeholders, including\nUNHCR and other UN agencies, NGOs, development partners, and the donor community.\n\n\nThe RAC is mandated to provide guidance to the Cabinet Secretary on refugee matters and includes\nrepresentatives from the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of national Government, the Ministry of Foreign\nAffairs, the Ministry of Devolution, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education,\nthe Office of the Attorney-General, the Office of the Inspector-General, the Department of Immigration\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nand the Council of Governors. The Act provides that the RAC should meet at least four times a year, and\nnotes that the RAC can co-opt other relevant stakeholders to attend meetings and provide advice on the\nperformance of its duties. It is expected that the forthcoming Refugee Regulations will provide guidance on\nthe operationalization of the RAC and on the engagement of other stakeholders in its meetings, which could\ninclude UNHCR and other relevant UN agencies, development partners and key donors.\n\n\nFollowing the March 2021 announcement by the Government to close the refugee camps in Kenya, the\nGovernment and UNHCR jointly developed a Roadmap for Solutions for the main refugee groups in Kenya.\nThe Roadmap involves various coordination structures including a National Technical Committee, comprised\nof several government ministries and the international community, as well as a number of sector-specific\nworking groups to guide the implementation of the Roadmap. The Roadmap provides a comprehensive\nstrategy for solutions for refugees in Kenya, including through expanding access to resettlement and\ncomplementary pathways, creating conditions in countries of origin to support sustainable return and\nreintegration, and facilitating temporary local solutions in Kenya as a complement to the SHARE initiative,\nwithout prejudicing the possibility for eventual opportunities for more permanent durable solutions within\nthe scope of the Refugees Act, 2021.\n\n\nMedium- to long-term development financing would be particularly beneficial to support the Government\nin the search for comprehensive durable solutions by assisting in the implementation of the Roadmap,\nSHARE and other solutions initiatives, including supporting refugees and members of host communities\nto become self-reliant and offering support to countries of origin to create conditions for sustainable\nreturn and reintegration.\n\n\nCommunity participation is ensured through elected refugee community governance structures. Refugee\nelections are overseen by DRS, with active participation and support from UNHCR and partners, with the\nelections establishing leadership structures overseeing particular geographic areas in both camps and\nurban settings. Due attention is paid to representation of women, youth and persons with specific needs,\nincluding persons living with disabilities. Meetings of elected community leaders take place monthly and are\nattended by representatives of UNHCR, DRS and other relevant partners.\n\n\nA number of additional committees, including on GBV, child protection, food, sanitation and shelter,\nprovide avenues for consultation on specific issues. In addition, the Community Peace and Protection\nTeams (CPPTs) have been established to support security and safety in the camps in close coordination\nwith the police and DRS.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 clearly expresses a commitment by the Government towards hearing the views\nof refugee communities, including through a provision directing national and county governments to\nensure the inclusion of refugee matters in the formulation and initiation of sustainable development and\nenvironmental plans.\n\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers and certain communities of stateless persons were included in the national\npopulation census, which was last conducted in August 2019, though reports produced did not provide\nstatistics or other information relating to these groups. Discussions are ongoing to ensure the inclusion\n[of these populations in the Huduma Bill, which involves the largest set of changes to the legal framework](http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2021-12/Huduma Bill%2C 2021.pdf)\ngoverning Kenya\u2019s identification system since before independence. If enacted, the Bill would become the\nsingle law anchoring birth and death registration, providing a unique identifier for each person, issuing\n[documentation including identity cards, and overseeing the governance of the National Integrated Identity](https://nims.co.ke/)\n[Management System (NIIMS).](https://nims.co.ke/)\n\n\nSection 35 of the Refugees Act, 2021 confirms that national and county governments should ensure that\n\u201crefugee matters are taken into consideration in the initiation and formulation of sustainable development\nand environmental plans,\u201d and in this regard the County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) serve as an\nimportant framework for planning and resource mobilization in refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\npopulation census", - "confidence": 0.9973816275596619, - "start": 512, - "end": 515 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8879014849662781, - "start": 577, - "end": 578 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7170138359069824, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "August 2019", - "confidence": 0.5337710976600647, - "start": 521, - "end": 523 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 provides the right to identity documents for refugees and asylum-seekers. Subsection 28(6) states that \u201ca refugee and an asylum-seeker shall have the right to identification and civil\nregistration documents and such documents shall be sufficient to identify a refugee or asylum seeker for the\npurposes of access to rights and services under this Act and any other applicable law.\u201d\n\n\nThe Government of Kenya issues machine-readable Convention Travel Documents (CTDs). The Commissioner\nfor Refugee Affairs, under Section 8 of the Refugees Act, 2021, is mandated to issue travel documents to\nrefugees in liaison with the Department of Immigration. CTDs are issued free of charge under the Kenya\nCitizenship and immigration Act, 2011.\n\n\nThe issuance of documentation to refugees and asylum-seekers has certain shortcomings, including:\n## \u2022 [The asylum-seeker pass is valid only for 90 days, though the refugee status determination (RSD) process ]\n\noften takes in excess of two (or more) years; this necessitates regular renewals, and the procedures lack\nefficiency. Additionally, the pass is often not recognized by service providers.\n## \u2022 [Recognition of refugee status is a pre-requisite for issuance of a refugee identity card, which is valid for ]\n\nfive years and provides access to a range of government services. The backlog in RSD leads to a lengthy\nperiod in which asylum-seekers do not have access to services that are offered to those with refugee\nidentity cards.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers are entitled to register vital events that occur in Kenya, including births,\nmarriages, divorces and deaths. Sub-section 8(1)(d) of the Refugees Act, 2021 mandates the Commissioner\nfor Refugee Affairs to issue refugee identification documents and to facilitate the issuance of civil\nregistration and other documentation by other government agencies. Notification and registration are\nmandatory for all births and deaths occurring in Kenya in line with the principle of universal birth and\ndeath registration, and are undertaken by the Department of Civil Registration according to the Births\nand Death Registration Act, 2012, which will be integrated in NIIMS. Refugees and asylum-seekers have\naccess to civil registration procedures, but there is no clear data on how many have been issued vital\nevents documents as issuance is not normally recorded in the refugee database by DRS. According to\nUNHCR statistics, however, the birth registration rate for refugees and asylum-seekers in the refugee\ncamps is at 95%, which is higher than for the host population. UNHCR and its partners facilitate the\nprocess of birth registration, but as many refugee children born in Kenya still have not had their births\ncertified by the competent authorities, they may be at risk of statelessness.\n\n\nMarriage is provided for under the Marriage Act, 2014, which recognizes civil, Christian, Muslim, Hindu and\ntraditional or customary marriages, and requires all marriage unions to be registered. A decree of divorce\nis available by way of petition through the courts or under Islamic law for those professing the Muslim faith.\nWhile the services are available to refugees and asylum-seekers, many face challenges in accessing these\nrights due to limited information on the process, lack of required documentation, administrative barriers and\nthe cost of applicable statutory fees.\n\n\nMedium-term priorities include: (1) supporting the Department of Civil Registration to improve access to\nbirth registration, including by establishing civil registrars in Kakuma and Dadaab and facilitating late birth\nregistration for all refugees born in Kenya whose birth has not yet been registered; (2) supporting the\ncompletion of the digitization process to enable linkages and interoperability between the civil registration\ndatabase and other user systems (including in the areas of education, health care, social protection and\nfinancial services); and (3) supporting the process of legal reforms to facilitate the implementation of NIIMS\nand ensure the inclusion of refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons and the issuance of a unique\nidentifier for access to national services.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee database", - "confidence": 0.9806498289108276, - "start": 441, - "end": 443 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DRS", - "confidence": 0.940077543258667, - "start": 444, - "end": 445 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9723117351531982, - "start": 408, - "end": 411 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nThe security situation in refugee-hosting areas is fluid and unpredictable, mainly due to the large number of\ndifferent countries of origin and ethnic groups among the refugee population, and the sometimes strained\nrelationship between the refugee and host communities. Crime remains a concern, especially in Turkana\nCounty where Kakuma and Kalobeyei are situated. This is largely due to the worsening economic situation\nin the area, which is exacerbated by the ongoing drought across the northern part of Kenya. In Dadaab in\nGarissa County, security remains a major concern for the Government following a series of terrorist attacks\nin Nairobi and Garissa committed by fundamentalist groups from Somalia, and as a result the management\nof the refugee operation in Dadaab is heavily influenced by security considerations.\n\n\nDuring participatory assessments conducted with refugees and asylum-seekers in the camps and in urban\nareas, insecurity, violence, theft and burglary, physical assault, arbitrary arrest and harassment were key\nsecurity concerns reported. Arbitrary arrest, harassment and extortion by police were largely attributed to\nthe lack of or expired documents, or police not acknowledging or recognizing the documents. Insecurity is\nalso attributed to engagement in casual labour and the perception among host communities that they are\ncompeting for scarce jobs with the refugee population, which has resulted in verbal and physical assault.\nIt was also reported that the socioeconomic hardship created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing\ndrought has aggravated security risks for both communities. This situation creates security challenges and\nmay compromise peaceful co-existence between the refugee population and the communities hosting them.\n\n\nConsidering the huge camp population against limited police personnel, community policing initiatives partly\nbridge this gap and enhance safety and security through community volunteers involved in Community\nPeace and Protection Teams (CPPTs) comprising police, DRS and representatives of the refugee and host\ncommunities. There are shortcomings in the funding of the incentives of Kenyan Police officers, under the\nSecurity Partnership Project, involved in the facilitation of humanitarian activities in the camps. The CPPTs\nare not sufficient in number and lack training on community policing and material support.\n\n\nThe Constitution of Kenya provides that all people are entitled to the enjoyment of their rights and fundamental\nfreedoms without discrimination. The Refugees Act, 2021 provides that every refugee and asylum-seeker\nshall be entitled to the rights and subject to the duties contained in the laws of Kenya, the 1951 Convention\nand its 1967 Protocol, and the OAU Convention.\n\n\nThe level of security enjoyed by refugees is comparable to that enjoyed by nationals in the same areas.\nThey have access to law enforcement officers directly or through UNHCR, partners and the Department\nof Refugee Services (DRS). Arbitrary arrest and extortion continue to be reported, particularly in cases of\nundocumented refugees or those residing outside designated areas.\n\n\nNationals and refugees face similar challenges in accessing justice, including high costs, limited legal\nrepresentation and, to an extent, the use of local mechanisms to resolve disputes, which can lead to\nviolations of rights. UNHCR and its partners provide legal representation in cases involving asylum-related\nmatters and, exceptionally, in criminal matters to ensure that due process is followed.\n\n\nThe Legal Aid Act, 2016, with its objective of ensuring the provision of affordable, accessible and sustainable\nlegal aid and promoting alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, has included refugees and asylumseekers among the indigent groups that should benefit from legal aid. Operationalization of the Act has,\nhowever, encountered some challenges in the inclusion of refugees, notably the lack of awareness that\nrefugees can benefit from national programmes and the fact that legal aid is normally provided in cases\ninvolving serious offences.\n\n\nTo ensure the full functioning of the court in Dadaab and Kakuma, investment is required in terms of\ninfrastructural and logistical support (vehicles, ICT connectivity, etc.), additional courtrooms (including\nfor handling cases involving children), and availability of accommodation for magistrates and other court\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory assessments", - "confidence": 0.9914324283599854, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9836776256561279, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nofficials. The implementation of programmes to ensure qualified legal assistance and representation for\nrefugees in conflict with the law is greatly needed.\n\n\nArticle 27 of Kenya\u2019s Constitution has a strong focus on equality and non-discrimination and includes special\nprovisions on the protection of rights for particular groups vulnerable to discrimination. It provides that every\nperson has the right to freedom and security of their person regardless of their nationality, the right not to\nbe subject to any form of violence from either public or private sources, or any form of torture, whether\nphysical or psychological, or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. The right to security in the Constitution\nsafeguards women\u2019s rights against gender-based violence (GBV). The Bill of Rights under Chapter\n4 provides guarantees for a wide range of rights and fundamental freedoms. Article 27 and Article 43\naddress reproductive health and place a duty on the Government to make, among others, family planning\nservices and information available to women.\n\n\nThe National Policy for Prevention and Response to Gender Based Violence, 2014, is informed by various\ngovernment policy documents and statutory frameworks, including the Constitution of Kenya, the Kenya\nPenal Code, the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2003, the Sexual Offences Act, 2006 and the Sexual\nOffences (Amendment) Act, 2011, the Sexual Offences Regulations, 2008, the Sexual Offences Dangerous\nOffenders DNA Data Bank Regulations, 2008, the Counter Trafficking in Persons Act, 2011, the Prohibition\nof Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Act, 2011, the Employment Act, 2008 and the National Reproductive\nHealth Policy, 2007.\n\n\nThe main aim of the National Policy is to accelerate efforts towards the elimination of all forms of GBV in\nKenya. The policy seeks to: ensure a coordinated approach in addressing GBV and effective programming;\nenhance enforcement of laws and policies towards GBV prevention and response; increase access to quality\nand comprehensive support services across sectors; and improve the sustainability of GBV prevention and\nresponse interventions. Through this policy, various structures at county level have been established with\nthe aim of preventing GBV and supporting survivors. Although refugees are not mentioned expressly in\nthe policy, structures serve both refugee and host communities without discrimination. The coordination\nstructures in the camps and in urban areas link with national and county mechanisms with a common objective\nof addressing and preventing GBV. There is no available data to assess the extent to which members of host\ncommunities benefit from GBV services, though GBV survivors within the refugee community are generally\nbelieved to have better access to comprehensive services, particularly medical and psychosocial support.\n\n\nPolicy shortcomings include the following:\n\nGBV remains prevalent across Kenya despite the policy and legal instruments and service delivery\n## \u2022\nmechanisms in place at national and county levels.\n## \u2022 [The concept of protecting survivors is still not well formulated and operationalized, partly due to weak ]\n\ninstitutional capacities, persistent cultural practices and social norms, and gender inequality. Additionally,\nissues of intersectionality, particularly in terms of gender identity and sexual orientation, traditional\nconcepts about masculinity, religious beliefs and traditional constructs on issues such as women\u2019s and\nchildren\u2019s rights, continue to perpetuate a system of gender inequality and oppression that can lead to GBV.\n## \u2022 [The GBV coordination mechanisms established under the National Policy for Prevention and Response ]\n\nto Gender Based Violence have not been fully implemented and lack operational efficiency, which\naffects implementation. Coordination mechanisms and service delivery guidelines and protocols need\nstrengthening.\n## \u2022 [GBV data collection, analysis and reporting is still fragmented by different stakeholders, resulting in ]\n\nduplication, incomprehensive collection and analysis and lack of data sharing mechanisms. Refugee\nrelated data cannot be analysed from the current data management system, though the development\nof a National GBV information management system that will include refugee data is under discussion.\n## \u2022 [Emerging issues such as cyber and online bullying are not covered in the current policy framework. ]\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nRefugees\u2019 right to freedom of movement is restricted due to the Government\u2019s long-established encampment\npolicy, and this is reaffirmed in the Refugees Act, 2021, which provides in sub-section 28 the possibility for\nthe Cabinet Secretary responsible for refugee matters to designate specific counties as areas of residence\nfor refugees, and to designate specific areas for refugees to be accommodated, with certain exemptions\npossible at the discretion of the Commissioner for Refugee Affairs. The Act further defines a designated area\nas any reception area, transit point or settlement area as may be declared by the Cabinet Secretary. This is\nmitigated by the issuance of movement passes by the Government to refugees who have valid reasons for\nleaving designated areas, including for education, medical treatment and to support economic enterprises.\nNevertheless, challenges remain as there is no clear and established criterion or standard format for the\nissuance of movement passes, which are issued at the discretion of DRS. The exemption process through\nwhich refugees are authorized to reside in urban areas remains largely suspended, and refugees found\noutside designated areas without authorization are subject to arrest, detention and prosecution. Freedom\nof movement remains a key barrier to efforts to promote refugee self-reliance. The Refugee Regulations\ncurrently being developed is anticipated to set out clear criteria for refugees to be issued movement passes\nand to be permitted to reside outside designated areas.\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s encampment policy remains in place under the Refugees Act, 2021, but refugees who\nare authorized by the Government to reside in urban areas are free to choose their place of residence. It\nshould be noted that the majority of urban refugees settled in the main urban centres prior to the effective\nenforcement of the encampment policy.\n\n\n**3.2** **Rights to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 provides refugees access to economic opportunities, with sub-section 28(5)\nof the Act indicating that a refugee has the right \u201cto engage in gainful employment or enterprise or to\npractice a profession or trade where he holds qualifications recognized by competent authorities in Kenya.\u201d\nFurther, sub-section 28(4) states that \u201crefugees shall be enabled to contribute to the economic and social\ndevelopment of Kenya by facilitating access to, and issuance of, the required documentation at both levels\nof Government.\u201d Despite these provisions, the Government\u2019s encampment policy remains in place under\nthe Act and limits refugees\u2019 access to national labour markets. Refugees also continue to face difficulty\naccessing work permits due to their lack of required identification documents (e.g. national passports) and\nadministrative hurdles imposed by immigration officials, notably the requirement that work permits can only\nbe issued to refugees if the authorities are satisfied that no Kenyan is able to take the job. These challenges\nforce most refugees to work informally both inside and outside the camps, thereby preventing them from\nattaining formal employment that would allow them to pay taxes, which is required under sub-section 41(1) of\nthe Act. Further, relevant provisions in the Act refer only to recognized refugees, leaving more than 59,000\nasylum-seekers without formal access to economic and other opportunities.\n\n\nUnder the Citizenship and Immigration Act, 2011, refugees in Kenya have the right to apply for Class M work\npermits for employment across a range of sectors, which are specific to refugees and free of charge, but\nthe application process is demanding and there is a lack of clarity on the approval process once work\npermit applications are submitted through government procedures. Acquiring a work permit through the\nDepartment of Immigration takes as long as 12 months, and while Class M work permits are free, in practice\nobtaining them may require the services of a legal representative, which can be prohibitively expensive\n(with legal fees as high as KES 250,000 per work permit, or roughly USD 2,100). In addition, the work permit\nis issued in connection with a specific employer which complicates the process of securing another job once\nthe contract with the employer is no longer valid. Other challenges include requirements to present valid\nnational passports (which most refugees do not have), competition with the national labour force, lack of\nhighly specialized skills, and lack of freedom of movement. While there is no data available on the number\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nof refugees that possess work permits, in view of these challenges UNHCR is aware of only a handful of\nrefugees who have been able to secure a work permit, primarily those with high level of skills and expertise.\nMost therefore work in the informal sector, exposing them to possible exploitation.\n\n\nAccording to Sub-section 28(5) of the Refugees Act, 2021, all refugees have the right \u201cto engage in gainful\nemployment or enterprise or to practice a profession or trade where he holds qualifications recognized\nby competent authorities in Kenya.\u201d County governments are responsible for issuing licences required to\nopen businesses and are generally willing to do so. While some refugees have been successful in opening\nand registering businesses under their own name, challenges include difficulties accessing mobile money\nservices and acquiring business capital from financial institutions. Refugees face additional barriers to access\nlabour. To acquire a licence, a permanent facility for business is required. The process to obtain a licence is\nnot well known to refugees and the requirements in terms of documentation are neither consistent across\nall business types nor clearly advertised. Most self-employed refugees, involved in street vending, homebased businesses and businesses run out of temporary stalls, are not eligible to obtain a licence. A permit\nis necessary to carry out such informal businesses. A refugee who runs a small restaurant needs to obtain\nadditional permissions from health or fire authorities, which are not easy to obtain. Some refugees use\nKenyans as a proxy due to a lack of awareness of these authorities on the refugees\u2019 right to work and\ndocumentation. Most refugees struggle to meet the costs associated with the prerequisite documentation\nand application process for licences and permits.\n\n\nOther barriers to legal employment and self-reliance include limited job opportunities in the counties hosting\nrefugee camps, restrictions on freedom of movement, low levels of education and skills among refugees, and\nlimited access to financial resources. Refugees are presently unable to acquire professional accreditation\nas teachers and other professionals, despite having sufficient qualifications, due to the lack of access\nto national accreditation mechanisms. Kenya is a party to the Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods\nand Self-Reliance adopted in March 2019, which commits IGAD member states to expanding livelihood\nopportunities and economic inclusion of refugees. Kenya has also endorsed the Djibouti Declaration on\nRefugee Education, which includes commitments to promoting the inclusion of refugee teachers in national\neducation systems, facilitation of teacher accreditation, and alignment of pay and conditions of service\nbetween host community and refugee teachers; the implementation of these commitments remains pending.\n\n\nArticle 41 of the Constitution of Kenya explicitly provides for the rights of workers, including the right to fair labour\npractices, fair remuneration, reasonable working conditions, to join a trade union and to go on strike. Additionally,\nthe Employment Act, 2007 contains provisions for workers\u2019 protection in the labour market, including prohibitions\nagainst forced labour, discrimination and sexual harassment; protocols for employer-employee relationships,\nincluding contracts for services; protection of wages; basic minimum conditions for employment, including work\nhours and rights to sick, vacation, and parental leave; protocols for termination and dismissal; and protocols\nfor the protection of children. While none of the Government\u2019s laws and policies relating to worker protection\nspecifically mention refugees, these provisions apply to workers in general and do not exclude refugees.\n\n\nKenya\u2019s 2020 [Policy on Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) acknowledges the assets and skills of refugees](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj_w73Mzor9AhUMU6QEHdRsBv0QFnoECDgQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knqa.go.ke%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F05%2FRPL-2020.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2OUyANp8LslXqb9fEZcmH2)\nand asylum-seekers in Kenya. But a comprehensive recognition of prior learning system for migrant\nworkers, refugees and returnees remains a gap. The equivalency process for qualified professionals and\nthe registration and accreditation process has opportunities for improvement.\n\n\nThe forthcoming Refugee Regulations should provide clarity on the issuance of Class M work permits and\nthe issuance of licenses for refugee-owned businesses, including through the establishment of services\nwithin the scope of the Huduma Bill, 2021, once enacted.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nArticle 40 of the Constitution of Kenya gives every person the right to own property of any description,\nincluding land, in any part of Kenya. However, non-citizens, including refugees, can only own land\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\non a leasehold title, for a maximum of 99 years. The Lands Act, 2012 provides for three different land\nclassifications: private land, public land and community land. Public land is vested in the government for\nthe benefit of the people of Kenya and community land is held and managed by communities. The Act\nrecognizes four land tenure systems: freehold; leasehold; other forms of partial interest as may be defined\nunder the Act or other laws, including easements; and customary land rights. Private land is land owned by\nan individual under freehold or leasehold tenure. A freehold title is the greatest interest a person can have\non land as it gives the holder absolute ownership of the land for life, and for his descendants for as long as\nthe family lineage exists. A freehold title generally has no restrictions as to use or occupation. A leasehold\ninterest in land is for a specific period and is subject to payment of a fee or rent to the respective county\ngovernment. Titles held under settlement schemes can only be transferred via succession.\n\n\nThough there is no policy denying refugees access to the purchase and ownership of land in Kenya, in\n2021 the Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning rolled out the digitization of land systems and transactions\nthrough the National Lands Information Management System (NLIMS) in line with the Lands Act and the\nLand Registration (Electronic Transactions) Regulations, 2020. This was intended to address the recurrent\nchallenges of record management, though users have reported challenges accessing NLIMS as it verifies\nthe identity of its users with the records maintained by the Registrar of Persons. Currently, the system locks\nout non-citizens who own property in Kenya, and thus refugees cannot access the platform to register their\ntitles and any transactions. The digitization of the lands records and transactions has not been completed.\nEnsuring that refugees have better access to registration procedures, including through inclusion in NIIMS and\nissuance of a unique identifier, could be addressed in the Refugee Regulations that are under development.\n\n\nAs noted above, under Article 40 of Kenya\u2019s Constitution, non-citizens can only own land on a leasehold title\nfor a maximum of 99 years. The same applies to companies that are not 100% owned by Kenyan citizens if\nthey buy land or property. The Lands Act, 2012 guarantees access, equal recognition, and enforcement of\nland rights arising, as well as non-discrimination in ownership, under all tenure systems. It does not distinguish\nbetween refugees and foreign nationals and categorizes persons transacting in land and property simply\nas citizens and non-citizens. In this regard, the Refugees Act, 2021 confirms that the refugee identity card\nhas the same status as a Foreign Nationals Registration Certificate, which should support equal treatment\nbetween refugees and other foreign nationals.\n\n\nKenya continues to impose an encampment policy and the majority of refugees reside in the camps in\nKakuma and Dadaab. Refugees residing in urban areas, however, are able to access rental housing on the\nsame terms as nationals.\n\n\nThe Affordable Housing Programme is an initiative of the Government of Kenya under the Big Four\nAgenda, targeting low- and medium-income households. To enhance affordability the Government has\ncreated a National Housing Development Fund for employees and created the Kenya Mortgage Refinance\nCooperation with the World Bank in coordination with local banks. Even though the majority of refugee\nhouseholds fall in the low- to medium-income category, they are at present left out of the initiative. To\nregister for allocation, one has to be a Kenyan citizen and hold a Kenyan national identity card. Further,\nto qualify for long-term mortgage facilities, the household must earn a monthly income of USD 500-1,500,\nwhich is well beyond the capacity of most refugee families.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nNeither the asylum-seeker pass nor the refugee identity card is listed among the documents identified for\nthe \u201cKnow Your Customer\u201d requirements imposed by the Central Bank of Kenya and the Communications\nAuthority of Kenya, thereby preventing refugees from accessing financial inclusion.\n\n\nWhile refugees are permitted to open bank accounts in Kenya, the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money\nLaundering Act, 2009 and the \u201cKnow Your Customer\u201d regulations in place result in most banks refusing to\nrecognize refugee identity cards as a sufficient form of identification for opening bank accounts, despite the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Lands Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9871361255645752, - "start": 240, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "digitization of land systems and transactions", - "confidence": 0.9488329887390137, - "start": 232, - "end": 238 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "NLIMS", - "confidence": 0.9932584762573242, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9837228655815125, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5870108604431152, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.958790123462677, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8232457041740417, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "lands records", - "confidence": 0.5707693696022034, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9812880754470825, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8981553316116333, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nfact that sub-section 28(7) of the Refugees Act, 2021 states that \u201cthe Refugee Identity Card shall at a minimum\nhave a similar status to the Foreign National Registration Certificate issued under section 56(2) of the Kenya\nCitizenship and Immigration Act for the purposes of accessing the rights and fulfilling obligations under\nthis law.\u201d These barriers limit refugees\u2019 access to both conventional and digital banking services, including\nmobile banking services (such as M-Pesa) and microfinance programmes that are critical for them to open\nbusinesses. Again, asylum-seekers\u2019 access to financial services is even further limited. Inclusion of refugees\nin programmes under the Huduma Bill, 2021, once enacted, would also support access to financial services.\n\n\nRefugees are currently unable to access mobile money or mobile phone banking services. The Kenya\nInformation and Communications Act, 2011 does not include refugee identity cards as an acceptable\ndocument for SIM card registration and therefore makes it difficult for refugees to register a SIM card in their\nown name. That said, many refugees are able to register SIM cards in their own name, though it is currently\nnot possible to create mobile money accounts (e.g. M-Pesa) linked to those SIM cards.\n\n\nWith respect to other national administrative services, Section 10 of the Kenya National Qualification\nAuthority Regulations, 2018, provides for the alignment and validation of qualifications into the Kenya\nNational Qualifications Framework awarded by foreign universities.\n\n\nThough not expressly provided for under the Traffic Act, 2012 or the Refugees Act, 2021, refugees can obtain\ndriving licences, though persistent inherent administrative challenges prevent most refugees from accessing\nlicences due to technical issues with the National Transport and Safety Authority e-portal, which requires\nreconfiguration to process applications by refugees considering their unique status and documentation.\n\n\nRefugees have access to vocational and technical training in Kenya, in both camps and urban settings,\ndelivered by both humanitarian agencies and national institutions, and certificates issued to refugees are\nrecognized by the Kenyan Government. A small number of refugees have been able to access national\ninstitutions on an ad hoc basis, though refugees are not currently included in national selection for technical\nand vocational education and training (TVET) and are not eligible for financial support accorded to some\nnationals. Barriers remain to ensuring that refugees are included in national selection processes and that\nthey receive the same support as Kenyan nationals once enrolled (capitation payments, apprenticeship\nplacements, etc.). TVET institutions, focused on refugee-hosting areas, require expansion and equipment in\norder to expand opportunities for enhanced livelihoods and self-reliance.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers in camp schools study the Kenyan national curriculum and sit for national\nexaminations administered by the Ministry of Education. While there is no policy that explicitly denies refugees\naccess to the national education system, there are numerous barriers to refugees\u2019 access to education under\nthe same conditions as the country\u2019s nationals. Currently, schools in the camps are managed and funded by\nthe UNHCR and the international community. Camp schools in Kakuma and Kalobeyei are registered with\nthe Ministry of Education at county level, but this is not recognized at national level. The Ministry does not\ndeploy qualified national teachers to refugee schools. Camp schools in Dadaab are not currently registered.\nFull registration as public learning institutions, recognized at all levels of Government, is a critical step for\ninclusion in the national system and for aligning the governance and management structures of refugee\nschools with national protocols. It is also a pre-requisite for teacher deployment, the disbursement of public\nfunds (including running costs, payment of capitation grants assessment and examination fees and school\nfeeding programmes) and the extension of other national initiatives.\n\n\nWhile scholarship opportunities are available for refugees in Kenya, and even if refugees often attain among the\nhighest grades in national examinations each year, those residing in camps are excluded from national selection\nprocesses for secondary and university education, which limits opportunities to study with their academic peers.\n\n\n16 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nRefugees residing in urban areas attend public and private schools in the areas in which they reside.\nRefugees with birth certificates living in urban areas may be registered in the National Education\nManagement Information System (NEMIS) and are accorded the same support as nationals. However, many\nface challenges when seeking admission to public schools if they do not have a birth certificate. As a result,\nthose without birth certificates and the majority of those residing in camps are not included in NEMIS,\nwhich excludes the majority of refugees from being included in national budgets and receiving government\nsupport. This prevents the school from including refugee learners for capitation payments and other core\ncosts and may result in refugees being asked to pay the equivalent of the capitation payment directly to the\nschool. Primary and secondary schools in Kakuma and Kalobeyei hold temporary registration certificates\n(issued by the County), but these are not recognized at national level and therefore do not benefit from\nnational processes. Primary and secondary schools in Dadaab are not registered.\n\n\nThe Basic Education Act, 2013 and the Sessional Paper on the Policy Framework for Reforming Education\nand Training for Sustainable Development of Education, 2019, along with other national education policies,\nprovide for specialized services in general but are not specific to refugees. The National Education Sector\nPlan references refugees, and Kenya\u2019s SHARE initiative includes strategies to support equitable access to\neducation. Currently, such specialized services are provided in camp schools by UNHCR and its partners\nand are, to the extent possible, aligned to national regulations and standards.\n\n\nLegal provisions allow refugees to attend national schools should they wish to enrol independently. The 2016\n\u201cGuidelines on Admission of Non-citizens to Institutions of Basic Education and Training in Kenya\u201d policy\nstates that all children residing in Kenya are entitled to enrolment in Kenyan schools regardless of citizenship\nstatus. This policy, in conjunction with the Refugees Act, 2021, establishes an important legal framework that\nallows schools to accept refugee and other non-citizen learners, though the Government\u2019s encampment\npolicy restricts refugees\u2019 movement and thereby limits access to such educational opportunities outside the\ncamps. Other specialized education-related services, including examination and assessment and provision\n[of curriculum materials, are governed by the Kenya National Examination Council Act, 2012](https://www.academia.edu/8602706/Kenya_National_Examinations_Council_Act_No29of2012) [and the Kenya](http://kenyalaw.org:8181/exist/kenyalex/actview.xql?actid=No. 4 of 2013)\n[Institute for Curriculum Development Act, 2013. Refugee schools are able to access national exams and](http://kenyalaw.org:8181/exist/kenyalex/actview.xql?actid=No. 4 of 2013)\nlearning materials but have to pay for them.\n\n\nThe Government of Kenya\u2019s 2019 pledge at the GRF to systematically implement a policy of inclusion of\nrefugees in the national education system includes their registration in NEMIS as a priority. Medium-term\nfinancing may include the adaptation of NEMIS to include the documentation issued to refugees and asylumseekers and options for disaggregation.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers residing in the Dadaab and Kakuma camps and Kalobeyei settlement, along\nwith members of host communities residing in refugee-hosting areas, have full access to free primary health\ncare in facilities funded primarily by UNHCR and its partners. Conditions that cannot be managed locally\nare referred to Garissa and Lodwar for specialist treatment, while patients with serious medical conditions\nwith good prognoses are referred to public health facilities in Nairobi or Eldoret for specialist care. Although\navailable, the referral facilities at country level generally lack capacity in human resources, infrastructure and\nequipment for the provision of quality health-care services.\n\n\nFacilities in camps and settlements are registered as public health facilities and receive support from\nthe Government. This support ranges from commodities for TB treatment, HIV care, vaccines, malaria\ncommodities, including mosquito nets, and supervision to ensure quality of care.\n\n\nIn line with government policy to promote universal health-care coverage, refugees and asylum-seekers\naccess national health insurance under the same conditions as nationals under an MoU between UNHCR\nand NHIF, and thus far UNHCR has financially supported more than 8,500 households in urban areas and\n13,920 households in the Kalobeyei settlement to enrol in the programme. In urban areas, refugees who are\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Education\nManagement Information System", - "confidence": 0.9892394542694092, - "start": 38, - "end": 43 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "NEMIS", - "confidence": 0.9876213669776917, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban areas", - "confidence": 0.5119150280952454, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5817121267318726, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nnot supported through NHIF access public health facilities under the same conditions as nationals. Through\nsensitization efforts, many refugees have enrolled themselves on NHIF and are paying the premium, and\nin the long run the plan is to support refugee self-reliance so that those with an income will transition out\nof UNHCR-funded NHIF support. However, some groups of vulnerable refugees and members of the host\ncommunities cannot afford these fees.\n\n\nThe use of the Kenya Health Information System and the Logistic Information Management System provide\nadditional benefits to the provision of effective health care, including for the procurement of nutrition\ncommodities, which are delivered by the Kenya Medical Supply Agency at no cost.\n\n\nRefugee women and girls can access sexual and reproductive health services in health-care facilities within\nthe camps, which are registered as public facilities though they are largely financed by UNHCR and the\ninternational community.\n\n\nIn urban areas, women and girls access reproductive health services through the national Linda Mama\nscheme, which aims to address the challenge of high maternal mortality and increase access to skilled\ndelivery services countrywide. The policy relating to the scheme is implicit on coverage of the refugee\npopulation, and in most urban areas refugee women and girls are able to access services covered under\nthe scheme. Ensuring the continuous inclusion of refugee and asylum-seeking women as beneficiaries of\nthis scheme is critical.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThrough progressive initiatives, such as the creation of the integrated host-refugee settlement in Kalobeyei,\nrefugees and host communities are living side by side and accessing the same services and jointly\ncontributing to the economic development of their communities. However, the path towards inclusion of\nrefugees is hampered by the Government\u2019s encampment policy and resulting lack of free movement, along\nwith resource concerns, delays in status determination, and limited options for engaging in the labour market\n(and therefore pay into contributory systems).\n\n\nPresently, refugees are not included in the Kenya National Safety Net Programme, and support to those\nin need continues to be delivered through parallel systems and aligned assistance programmes. For\ninstance, UNHCR is working with the State Department for Social Security and Protection on a small pilot\ncash transfer programme targeting 70+ refugees in urban areas, which is aligned to the Government\u2019s Inua\nJamii 70+ programme.\n\n\nForums for social protection and humanitarian activities still remain fairly separate. However, the Cash\nWorking Group is working to address this at national level. The group is chaired by the Kenya Red Cross\nand the National Drought Management Authority, and the State Department of Social Protection attends\nfrom time to time.\n\n\nAs part of the drought response, efforts have been made to encourage partners to utilize the data in the\nEnhanced Single Registry (ESR), which includes social registry data for several drought affected counties,\nthough the refugee population is not yet included in the system. The collaborative work with the State\nDepartment for Social Security and Protection and relevant line ministries is key to the inclusion of refugees\nin national social protection programmes. The Government has agreed to the inclusion of refugees in the\nESR, which is a gateway for eligible refugees to access a range of national social protection programmes.\nA roadmap for inclusion has been agreed between the Government and UNHCR, though significant\ninvestment will be required to support the process.\n\n\nThe Sector Group for Social Protection is a key coordination forum for development partners and\ngovernment counterparts that engage in policy- and programming-related discussions. The group includes\nthe Government of Kenya, the World Bank, the UK\u2019s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office,\n\n\n18 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nthe Government of Japan, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the US Agency\nfor International Development, UNICEF, ILO, WFP, FAO and UNHCR. Additionally, the Child and Social\nProtection Working Group brings together UN agencies and government counterparts working on child\nand social protection on a monthly basis and reports against a common workplan. Agreed targets focus on\nfurthering refugee access to social protection systems, including tracking the number of refugees included\nin national social protection programmes.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act, 2021 directs the Commissioner for Refugee Affairs, in cooperation with UNHCR, to ensure\nthat special assistance is provided to women, children, older persons, victims of trauma and persons with\ndisabilities. In addition to the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the Children Act, 2001 and the Refugees Act,\n2021, Kenya has a range of legislation, policies, and services for children at risk of exploitation, abuse or\nneglect, including refugee children, unaccompanied and separated children, survivors of GBV and trafficking\nvictims. Refugees and asylum-seekers have equal access to these services, although implementation may\nbe challenged by underdeveloped institutions and limited resources. Additional challenges include:\n## \u2022 [Limited staffing and capacity for child protection and GBV-related activities within government structures, ]\n\nwith the majority of personnel engaged in such activities being located away from the camps and\nsettlements. While communities do make efforts to step in to provide community-based care, this support\nis limited. To ensure GBV survivors are able to access all appropriate response services, collaboration\nbetween government agencies needs to be strengthened, for example by building the capacity of police\nofficers at gender desks that have been established to provide safe reporting mechanisms.\n## \u2022 [Continued implementation of the encampment policy hampers efforts by women and girls to increase ]\n\nopportunities for economic independence.\n## \u2022 [Capacity building of border officials, including information dissemination on referral pathways, is needed ]\n\nto ensure early detection of refugee women and children at risk.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA** 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nGender considerations can be improved in all sub-dimensions. In terms of priority for socioeconomic\ndevelopment, these could include access to education to address the gap between enrolment of boys and\ngirls; access to skills training and work opportunities; participation of women in community representative\nstructures in a meaningful manner, beyond just their formal inclusion; and improved access to health-care\nand reproductive health services. Some of these considerations apply equally to Kenyan nationals.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe most consequential challenges in terms of social inclusion and socioeconomic development are related\nto legal status. Refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons generally have limited access to social and\nfinancial services due to their legal status, lack of documentation and/or because of a lack of understanding\nof their rights under Kenyan law. Asylum-seekers from Somalia in Dadaab have not had access to registration,\ndocumentation or RSD since May 2016 following the suspension of these procedures based on security\nconcerns, while RSD for asylum-seekers with an LGBTIQ+ profile has not proceeded since mid-2021.\n\n\n20 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **K E N YA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4f984dd-a229-40aa-975e-7e6dcd263c31/FINAL%20RPRF%20Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_391/raw/doc_391_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_391/raw/doc_391_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 72d3ad3de3166eed648e49f6b3acfb1d894079f4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_391/raw/doc_391_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,516 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## United Nations Secretary-General High Level Panel on Internal Displacement\n\n# Consultations with IDPs and Host Community \u2013 South Sudan (September 2020)\n\nHigh Level Panel Consultations Leer TPA/ UNHCR\n\n## _\u201cWe want peace in South Sudan. That is our recommendation as South_ _Sudanese citizens.\u201d_\n\n\nFocus Group Discussion, Bentiu PoC, IOM August 2020\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Contents\n**United Nations Secretary-General High Level Panel on Internal Displacement** ...................................................... 1\n\n**Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3**\n\n**Background information ................................................................................................................................ 4**\n\n**Displacement Situation within South Sudan** .................................................................................................... 5\n\n**Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 7**\n\n**Data Collection** ................................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n**Challenges Faced** ............................................................................................................................................. 10\n\n**Key highlights: IDPs and host community consultations ............................................................................... 11**\n\n**Theme 1: Durable Solutions** ............................................................................................................................ 11\n\n**Theme 2: Prevention** ....................................................................................................................................... 12\n\n**Theme 3: Participation and accountability** ..................................................................................................... 13\n\n**Theme 4: Protection** ........................................................................................................................................ 14\n\n**Theme 5: Coordination** .................................................................................................................................... 15\n\n**Theme 6: Humanitarian-Development-Peacebuilding Nexus** ........................................................................ 15\n\n**Theme 7: Specific needs and capacities** .......................................................................................................... 16\n\n**Theme 8: COVID-19** .......................................................................................................................................... 17\n\n**Theme 9: Any other issues** .............................................................................................................................. 17\n\n**Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 18**\n\n**Recommendations to the IDP High Level Panel ............................................................................................ 18**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Acknowledgements\n\nThese consolations were conducted by the following agencies: UNHCR, IOM, DRC, NCA \u2013 Act Alliance, CARE,\nDanish Refugee Council and Plan International\n\n**UNCHR**\nUNHCR Management for over all guidance, Juba IDP Protection team for reporting and UNHCR Field teams in\nBentiu, Malakal and Bor for data collection, and UNHCR Partners HDC, HI, JRS and ADRA for data collection.\n\n**IOM**\nOverall coordination, supervision and report writing: Izora Mutya Maskun, Zerihun Zewdie, Amy Kalmbach,\nMuney Muchanyuka, Devanne O\u2019Brien, Strapola Jane, Deng Arop, Susan Atala, Kristina Uzelac.\nFieldwork and data collection: Asenzio Sony Valentino, Benen Rueh, Bonan Paulina Thai, Charles Onzima, Denis\nAmbayo, Gabriel Gatluak, Josephine Kisua, Kueth Nyak, Leju Francis, Luak Khor, Magen Chidong, Malish Joseph,\nMartha Maluak, Mulu James, Noel Wani, Nyenik Stephen, Thomas Augustino, Titus Evasio, Nixon Sapana (WFP),\nNyinkwany Aguer Bol, Bong Deng Bar, Valentino Akuei Angui, Ngor Mawew, Kerubino Garang Deng, Nyandeng\nLangar Dau, Ajom Chol Ajak, and CDC field team.\n\n**DRC**\nThe Unity State and Upper Nile protection teams, for conducting consultations, and who continue to strive every\nday to achieve durable solutions for the communities they work with.\n\n**NCA - Act Alliance**\nKari Oyen for the overall leadership, Ayen Aleu for team management, Michael Ouko for technical and advisory\nsupport, Nono Jackson for data management, analysis and reporting support, Alex Gupirii for the contrinbutions\nto the context/background information and NCA ACT Alliance coordination role with the consultation team\nmembers.\n\n**CARE**\nMercy Laker for the overall leadership, Suwaite Miriam coordination with field teams and report writing, Huria\nJames and Mawa Seme data management and analysis, Amin David, Dawa Agnes, and James\nGatnyang supported with community consultations.\n\n**Plan Interntional**\nIsaac Santino, Sabri Johnson, Akol Wol, Isabri Lokiko and Rahid Duku for FGD data collection and analysis, Yei\nteam for logistical and administrative support, Lomena Albino for coordination and technical support at Juba\nlevel and Richard Sandison for reporting support.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Background information**\n\nGlobally, internal displacements continue to rise rapidly on an annual basis. The 2019 annual report prepared by the\nInternal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) indicates that in 2019, conflict and disasters triggered a total of 33.4\nmillion new displacements across 145 countries and territories. Of these, 8.5 million new conflict displacements were\nrecorded in 50 countries and 24.9 million new disaster displacements in 140 countries. By December 2019, 50.8 million\nIDPs remained displaced globally due to conflict, violence and disasters.\n\n\nSouth Sudan is one of the countries with the highest sporadic internal displacement rates and refugee migrations [1] as\nthe country continues to experience worsening humanitarian crisis characterized by violent armed clashes between\ndifferent rebel groups, intercommunal violence (ICV), widespread insecurity, lack of services and disasters (e.g. floods);\nresulting in displacements of civilians, killing, looting, destruction of property and gross violation of human rights. The\nsituation is further exacerbated by various impediments that continue to hinder humanitarian access and disruption of\nplanned operations by humanitarian actors.\n\n\nThe cumulative effects of years of protracted conflict, natural disasters, persistent food insecurity situation, economic\ndecline including chronic vulnerabilities and lack of essential services have affected the whole population, leaving about\n7.5 million people (more than two-thirds of the population) in need of humanitarian assistance (South Sudan\nHumanitarian Needs Overview 2020).\n\n\nRelatedly, conflict, violence, insecurity and disasters are leading causes of ongoing humanitarian crisis and displacement\nin South Sudan. Recent estimates indicate 1.60 million South Sudanese are internally displaced (IDPs) (IOM DTM, March\n2020), 2.2 million are refugees in the neighbouring countries of Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Democratic Republic\nof Congo (UNHCR, January 2020). The country is also hosting 299,815 refugees from other countries hosted in South\nSudan. More than a half of country\u2019s population (6.48 million) are predicted to be facing food insecurity during the lean\nseason (May-July 2020, IPC Projections 2020) whilst more than a million might experience severely food insecure (IPC\n4, May-July 2020). Additionally, 292,300 children under five to be suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and\nmore than one million children under five suffering from Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM).\n\n\nIn September 2018, the Government and the key opposition leaders signed the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution\nof the Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS). The agreement has brought relative stability to the country severely\nimpoverished by the decades of war. However, the implementation of the peace process has been delayed, in particular,\nthe establishment of governance structures and the training of joint military forces; one of the main prerequisites for\nsustainable peace. Whilst the latter has not yet been achieved, the national cabinet for the Transitional Government of\nNational Unity was formed on 22 February 2020 (after two deadline extensions). Appointments for local governance\nstructures are still pending creating a power vacuum which proved to be a challenge for addressing sub-national and\ninter-communal violence across the country.\n\n\nDespite the peace agreement, armed conflict between State security forces and opposition armed groups (e.g. National\nSalvation Front \u2013 NAS) has been contained to a small number of areas in the Equatorial region where Government forces\ncontinue to clash with non-signatories to the agreement. Further on, many areas, in particular across Jonglei, Lakes and\nWarrap States are seeing intra- and inter-communal violence, enabled by the proliferation of small-arms, the weak rule\nof law and occasionally flared by unbalanced disarmament process. Population mobility is also driven by resource\nscarcity in areas that have experienced years of severe food insecurity and destroyed infrastructure.\n\n\n\n1 Source: ACT Alliance Appeal, SSD181.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Impact of COVID- 19**\n\n\nAs of 26 September 2020, the Ministry of Health reported 2,692 known cases of COVID-19 in the country. The\nnovel coronavirus has caused a death of 49 individuals so far, whilst 1,438 recovered. The data is coming from\na total of 28,023 tests run between April and September 2020. Lack of testing capacity has remained among\nthe key challenges since the onset of the pandemic. Field capacity is minimal and sample processing is\ncentralized in Juba. The Government established the High Level Task Force (HLTF) in mid-March to coordinate\nCOVID-19 preparedness and response activities. On 24 March, HLTF initiated closure of all airports and land\nborders, followed by internal movement restrictions, curfew, closure of schools, halt in activities in the service\nsector and limitation of public gatherings. The measures had a serious impact on the import dependant\neconomy and livelihoods of people predominantly relient on daily labour and small trade leading to a relaxation\nof measures at the end of April. Cross-border movement has been significantly affected by the border closure\nin March, however, over time, people started using alternative routes located along porous borders that are\ndifficult to control.\n\n\nDue to the nature of the virus spread, congested displacement sites have became high risk areas. Hence, the\nDiocesan Major Response Team on COVID-19 requested to close Wau collective centers hosting more than\n3,500 IDPs in total. Reduced footprint of UNMISS and UNPOL patrols within PoC sites has caused concerns\namong IDPs due an increase in security incidents, in particular within Bentiu PoC. Further on, service provision\nwithin sites has been affected by various factors (reduction in the footprint within the sites, bureaucratic\nimpediments related to COVID-19 travel clearances and interruption in supply chains).\n\n\nDisplacement Situation within South Sudan\n\n\nProtracted conflict, natural disasters, episodes of sub-national and intercommunal violence have left more than 1.60\nmillion South Sudanese nationals displaced across all 78 counties. Estimated 58 per cent of IDPs are residing in Upper\nNile (233,814), Warrap (246,697), Unity (225,963) and Central Equatoria (220,847). The three-quarters of IDPs are\nresiding with host communities, whilst the remaining (+407,000) stay in camps or camp-like settings. As of early\nSeptember 2020, some 167,856 IDPs were hosted within the UNMISS protected Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites in\nBentiu, Juba, Wau, Malakal and Bor (IOM DTM Biometric Registration, September 2020 [2] ). The sites are protected by\nUNMISS per its Security Council mandate and serviced by humanitarian organizations. As of early September 2020,\nUNMISS has advanced plans for re-designation of PoC sites into displacement sites governed by national authorities. By\nmid-September the withdrawal of UNMISS and UNPOL forces had already started in Wau PoC AA and Bor PoC, raising\nconcerns by IDPs and humanitarian partners over the handover and continuation of service provision within the sites.\nBor site was re-designated from protection of civilian site (POC) to an IDP site on 22 September 2020.\n\n\nAccording to protection profiling exercises conducted in 2018 (Bor POC, Juba POC 1 and Juba POC 3), 2019 (Malakal\nPOC, Malakal POC joint Report with IOM; Bentiu POC, Bentiu Urban Setting (Rubkona County) and in 2020 (Juba PoC 1,\nJuba POC 3, and Wau), an average of 63 per cent of the IDPs living inside PoC sites did not consider or even discuss\nleaving the sites and returning home. The vast majority cite security concerns as the main reason for not considering or\ndiscussing leaving the displacement sites, followed by scarcity of food (UNHCR/IOM Bentiu, Bor and Juba PoC site\n\n\n\n2 Breakdown per site available upon request at southsudandtm@iom.int .\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "populations, HNO 2020) and houses having been destroyed (particularly IDPs in Wau PoC site). The recent\ncomprehensive intention survey conducted in Wau PoC AA and five collective centres in December 2019 and January\n2020 (IOM DTM 2020) corroborated the importance of security in the return-decision making process. More than a third\nof the residents across assessed sites who expressed intention to leave, were uncertain about when this would happen,\nreflecting the widespread uncertainty about the peace process and the formation of the Transitional Government of\nNational Unity. On average, 42 per cent of respondents intended to pay for the trip themselves, and a third expected to\nrely on humanitarian support. Notably, women were seen to be the most prone to having issues, risks, or concerns at\ndestinations preventing return movements. Focus group discussions as part of the survey shown that respondents\nseemed to rely on their own impression of safety and security, at the local level instead of public, political\npronouncements with respect to the national-level peace process, to make the decision to leave. [3 ]\n\n\nLack of basic services in many areas of potential return offers limited options for accessing services outside the sites,\nboth rural and urban areas. It perpetuates a situation in which people\u2019s opportunities to improve livelihoods and living\nstandards remain diminished, posing obstacles to recovery from the crisis and pursuing durable solutions. Ongoing\nviolence in different parts of the country is exposing IDPs to renewed displacement and limits opportunities for those\nwho intend to return, while simultaneously adding pressure onto host communities in sharing scarce resources with\ndisplaced population and hindering attempts for comprehensive development, transition and recovery programs that\ncould bring long term improvements in infrastructure and service availability across the country.\n\n\nAvailable data on reasons for displacement indicates that 70 per cent of the 1.6 mil. IDPs got displaced to assessed\nlocations due to conflict, 21 per cent due to communal clashes and 4 per cent due to natural disasters. Nevertheless,\nthe dominant reason for displacement varies when looking at the time of displacement. The recent increase in subnational violence and inter-communal clashes led to that being the main reason for displacement for 65 per cent of\n127,840 IDPs who arrived at assessed locations in 2019, whereas for those who got displaced in previous years, conflict\nfactors as the main reason. This trend reflects how different displacement triggers impact the duration of displacement.\nCommunal clashes and natural disasters tend to produce shorter-term displacement, whilst conflict often leads to\nprotracted displacement as communities are not able to return to their habitual residence due to\ndestroyed/looted/damaged properties, houses or unsolved land and property issues.\n\n\nIn addition to the 1.6 mil internally displaced, recent episodes of violence and flooding have caused the displacement of\nanother 242,000 individuals between April and end of August 2020, mainly across Warrap, Jonglei and Lakes states (IOM\nDTM, Event Tracking, September 2020 [4] ). Jonglei is significantly affected, and months of violence followed by the rise in\nthe River Nile have also caused movement of population from Twic East and Duk Padiet towards Juba. By mid-September\n2020, some 32,000 IDPs were residing in 5 collective centres across Juba, as well as, 59,400 in Bor South; 42,886 in Twic\nEast; 56,354 in Duk; 57,000 in Ayod; 95,838 in Greater Pibor and 6,000 in Pochalla mainly women and children in need\nof immediate humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nDespite the progress on the political level in addressing the tensions between the Government and Opposition,\ncomprehensive and multi-layered interventions are needed to create a conducive environment for IDPs to enable safe\nand sustainable returns to their habitual residences and to prevent, respond, and achieve solutions to internal\ndisplacement. Humanitarian partners in South Sudan are committed to continue supporting displaced population and\nstrengthen collaboration with various stakeholders to work towards humanitarian-peace-development nexus. The\nseries of focus group discussions organized to contribute to the consultation process initiated by the UN SecretaryGeneral\u2019s High-Level Panel on IDPs is one of such attempts that brought agencies together to strengthen the evidencebased interventions for the benefit of South Sudan.\n\n\n3 The same approach remained and was evident across the focus group discussions conducted for the purpose of this report.\nSee state summary part.\n4 Data available upon request at southsudandtm@iom.int .\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intention survey", - "confidence": 0.984409511089325, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8594343662261963, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9647524952888489, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "residents", - "confidence": 0.6734583973884583, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available data on reasons for displacement", - "confidence": 0.9790772795677185, - "start": 320, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.6282195448875427, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9649946689605713, - "start": 413, - "end": 414 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9398573040962219, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.5918803811073303, - "start": 783, - "end": 786 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6555008292198181, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.988431453704834, - "start": 770, - "end": 772 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Focus group discussion with women representatives, Juba PoC 3, August 2020/IOM\n\n#### Methodology\n\n\n**Methodology on the consultations with Affected Communities** **in South Sudan**\n\n\nThe consultation process with affected communities in South Sudan for the UN Secretary-General\u2019s High-Level Panel on\nInternal Displacement (HLP on IDP) was based on the series of focus group discussions, as recommended by the UN\nSecretariat. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a method for collecting qualitative data that gathers community individuals\ntogether to discuss a specific topic. Questions were open-ended, intending to stimulate an informal discussion with\nparticipants to understand their views on the eight thematic areas that will help the Panel to identify concrete\nrecommendations on how to better prevent, respond and achieve solutions to internal displacement. The criterion of\ninclusivity guided selection of participants. This ensured information captured was indicative of the views of internally\ndisplaced population and host communities across South Sudan. In line with the Panel\u2019s recommendations, teams\nconsulted a variety of population sub-groups in order to obtain nuanced feedback acknowledging that experiences,\nneeds and challenges differ. These groupings included: women, men, elderly, youth, minority groups, disabled groups,\nyouth and the existing community leadership structures.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus group discussion", - "confidence": 0.9328135848045349, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.7764946818351746, - "start": 91, - "end": 93 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.8415826559066772, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UN\nSecretariat", - "confidence": 0.8046401143074036, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9945330619812012, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally\ndisplaced population", - "confidence": 0.7869018316268921, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Timelines**\n\n\nThe planning process for the consultations, finalization of planning documents by agencies, division of tasks and\ndevelopment of tools begun in early July. Community consultations were carried out in South Sudan by UNHCR, NCAACT Alliance, IOM, DRC and CARE from 27 August to 11 September 2020. Cconsolidation of notes, completion of outputs\nand submission to Panel by the focal points UNHCR and IOM were conducted from 14 to 30 September 2020. A\npresentation of the key findings is planned with key South Sudan working groups and clusters after a go ahead from the\nPanel.\n\n\n**Data Collection**\n\n\nAs guided by the panel themes and questionnaire, qualitative data was collected from the respondents across the\ndifferent states in South Sudan. Organizations participating in the collection of data included: UNHCR, IOM, CARE, DRC\nand NRC ACT Alliance. Staff members from above agencies collected primary data in collaboration with their specific\nimplementing partners such as Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC), Humanity &\nInclusion (HI), International Rescue Committee (IRC), Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (ADRA)\nand, Danish Refugee Council (DRC. Questionnaires were filled in through focus group discussions and key informant\ninterviews, whilst participants were selected based on their status, these being host communities ( also comprising\nreturnees), IDPs and further desegregated by age, gender and other diversity considerations to ensure raw data\nreflected the experiences and perspectives of various groupings and sub-groupings. This approach will also facilitate\nPanel\u2019s analysis of the perceptions and aspirations of the groups and recommendations on the way forward. The\ndiscussions also included topics related to the effective response to displacement in addition to: (i) NGOs and UN\nagencies feedback in supporting longer-term recovery and (ii) development and engagement of affected population in\ndecision-making processes. Communities across the right out of the ten currently recognized states in South Sudan were\nincluded in the process, along with the Abyei Administrative Area [5] .\n\n\n - Central Equatoria State (Juba County: Juba PoC 1 and PoC 3, Juba Collective Sites, Juba Urban Area, Yei \u2013 Yei\nTown)\n\n - Eastern Equatoria (Kapoeta East and Torit)\n\n - Jonglei (Bor South)\n\n - Upper Nile (Malakal POC, Aburoc Collective Site, Kodok, Tonga, Lul, Nyalwalg, Baliet, Maiwut \u2013 Pagak )\n\n - Unity (Rubkona \u2013 Bentiu PoC, Bentiu Town, Leer, Koch)\n\n - Warrap (Twic, Mayengumel IDP Camp)\n\n - Western Bahr el-Ghazal (Wau PoC AA, Roc Dong IDP camp, Jur River County and Masna Collective Center)\n\n - Western Equatoria (Yambio Town and Rimenze)\n\n - Abyei Administrative Area\n\n\nUsing the consultation guide from the Secretariat of the UN Secretary General\u2019s High-Level Panel on Internal\nDisplacement, UNHCR, IOM, CARE, DRC and NCA - ACT Alliance together with their partners conducted more than 200\nFocus Group Discussion (FDGs). To complement the information obtained through FGDs, some agencies and partners\nconducted additional key informant interviews (KII), in particular regarding any additional information community key\n\n\n\n5 Participating agencies initially planned to include in the consultation process the Greater Pibor Administrative Area.\nHowever, due to security situation stemming from recent sub-national violence, the fieldwork was not feasible.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.5716872215270996, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.5667255520820618, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9883463978767395, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9816348552703857, - "start": 130, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "raw data", - "confidence": 0.8188719153404236, - "start": 268, - "end": 270 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Panel", - "confidence": 0.7832481265068054, - "start": 286, - "end": 287 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host communities", - "confidence": 0.5353195071220398, - "start": 246, - "end": 248 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consultation guide", - "confidence": 0.532649040222168, - "start": 506, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussion", - "confidence": 0.621315062046051, - "start": 544, - "end": 547 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.6649706959724426, - "start": 565, - "end": 568 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greater Pibor Administrative Area", - "confidence": 0.5727227330207825, - "start": 592, - "end": 596 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "informants would like to convey to the Panel members. In total, a total of 56 KII were conducted within the data\ncollection period.\n\n\n**Overview of field activities**\n\n\nParticipating agencies and organizations have conducted in total **220 focus group discussions** **with 1,752** IDPs and host\ncommunity members and additional **45 key informant interviews** . Consultations were conducted at displacement sites\n(protection of civilian\u2019s sites and collective sites) and urban areas across more than 30 locations in eight states and Abyei\nAdministrative Area. Each FGD had between 6 to 12 people on average, depending on the availability of the space\nallocated for the exercise (smaller groups in closed premises and larger in open space) to ensure social distancing in\nadherence with COVID-19 preventive measures.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Agency|#Focus Group
Discussions|# Participants|# Key informant
interviews|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|UNHCR|110|629|15|\n|IOM|54|576|N/A|\n|CARE International|19|98|12|\n|Act Alliance|15|320|0|\n|Plan International*|22|129|18|\n|Total|220|1,752|45|\n\n\n**Mobilization and Selection of Participants from the Affected Communities**\n\n\nDuring the consultations, agencies utilized the existing community structures, which include: women, disabled and\nyouth committees and camp leadership structures for community mobilization to secure quorum for the consultative\nprocess. Additionally, fieldwork was coordinated with relevant Government representatives, in particular the Relief and\nRehabilitation Commission (RRC) and community leaders. The latter, who are also engaged in the locally established\nCOVID -19 task force were among those consulted as key informants, in particular regarding additional inputs that might\nnot have been directly captured through the questionnaire and for any relevant updates regarding the COVID-19\nsituation in the area.\n\nParticipants selection was guided by diversity considerations among the community. Information was collected from\nhost community (including responses from returnees as part of host communities) and displaced population and further\ndesegregated based on considerations such as age, gender and diversity. As a result, affected women, girls, men,\nchildren, older people, youth, including persons with specific needs, minority groups and existing community leadership\nstructures were all consulted.\n\n\nDue to the COVID \u2013 19 pandemic and in line with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures Focus Group\nDiscussions were limited to 6 -12 persons depending on the location of consultations (open space, communal areas\nwithin displacement sites, etc.). At the same time, some KII were conducted remotely, especially in Juba where COVID19 cases remain high in comparison to other parts of the country. During FGDs, participants and facilitators were\nprovided with masks and ensured availability of handwashing stations and hand sanitizers and maintained the\nrecommended social distancing even as FGDs were administered.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KII", - "confidence": 0.592315673828125, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.776188850402832, - "start": 68, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.961933434009552, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Challenges Faced**\n\n\n - The Covid-19 pandemic and travel restrictions impacted access to the respondents leading to remote KIIs in\nsome areas. Agencies adopted the Covid-19 precautionary measures such as the use of masks, social distancing,\nhand sanitizer, reducing the number of participants in consultation groups and relying on phone calls to conduct\nremote key informant interviews.\n\n - Some areas in South Sudan have limited humanitarian access in some counties in Upper Nile, Warrap, Central\nEquatoria and Unity State which are affected by insecurity and flooding, thus limiting the coverage of the\nconsultations.\n\n - Additionally, some of the respondents, although willing to participate in the consultative process, were not sure\nof their future plans given the ongoing insecurity in some parts of the country and limited survival options in\nareas of returns.\nDespite the community being informed not to expect any immediate services/assistance resulting from the\nconsultative process, the communities requested for shoes, clothes, food and other basic items such as NFIs\nand cash assistance.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Key highlights: IDPs and host community consultations**\n\n### **Theme 1: Durable Solutions**\n\nKIIs and FGDs conducted at the IDP Collective sites, protection of civilian (PoC) sites and urban areas indicate that\n**IDPs are very much concerned about the overall security situation in the country** and are not satisfied with the\nimplementation of the peace process. **According to them, the situation continues to remain unpredictable and**\n**they urged the Government to expedite the process of national reconciliation and disarmament to pave the way**\n**for durable solutions for IDPs** in the country. Reportedly, a considerable number of youth in South Sudan (SSD)\npossess guns, and communities believe it is the responsibility of, and crucial for, the Government to conduct\ndisarmament and ensure peace and security. Most of the communities have developed hostilities over the years\ndue to conflict, revenge killings, intercommunal violence and human right abuses and reported that reconciliation\nis required.\n\n**The majority of the IDPs interviewed showed interest to return to their area of origin/habitual residencies** and\nrebuild their lives provided sustainable peace had been achieved in the areas of return. They are hopeful that their\nquality of life would improve as a result of returning. They, however, requested more assistance from Government,\nUN and NGOs to support their return and reintegration process. The remainder of IDPs wished to be integrated\ninto the host communities. Most participants in the consultations hoped their lives would have improved in 5 years\nand that the peace agreement would have been implemented. However, the vast majority said that any\nimprovement was subject to the overall reduction in communal clashes and sub-national violence that is still\noccurring across the country.\n\nIDPs pointed out the **lack of basic services** including shelter, health, education, WASH and livelihood opportunities\nin their areas of origin are affecting the IDPs decision to return as those services are at least available at a certain\nlevel in the displacement sites. Some IDPs expressed that the services which they are receiving from the\nhumanitarian organizations in the collective sites are not available in their hometowns. Of all the needs, availability\nof food, shelter, security and better education opportunities for children were highlighted as key considerations\nfor IDPs remaining in their communities of displacement\n\nThe IDPs reported strained relationships with the host communities if their stay in the collective sites prolongs and\nemphasized the need for **supporting peaceful co-existence activities** to maintain positive relations with the host\ncommunities. They called for more resources and basic services to aid integration and avert tensions given that\nthe increased population resulting from IDP displacement and returnees places a strain on host community\nresources. Both IDPs and host community youths noted the need for facilitated interaction among them including\nin schools and during sports activities to support positive relations which will be beneficial in protracted IDP\nsituations across various locations. **IDPs suggested inclusion of the most vulnerable members of host**\n**communities in food and NFIs assistance to ease tensions over distribution of humanitarian assistance. In some**\n**locations, host communities reported they had not received any assistance from humanitarians.** They indicated\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "that they are more inclined to assist IDPs despite scarce resources as most of them were IDPs at some point.\n\nWhile responding to the question on **impacts of hosting IDPs**, the **host community spoke about the shortage of**\n**land for cultivation, poor sanitation due to lack of adequate WASH facilities for IDPs, limited water points and**\n**health care facilities as the two communities share the limited resources.** There was apprehension that if IDPs\ndid not return to their areas of origin, the future would be mired with many challenges. They urged the\nGovernment and Humanitarian actors to provide enough basic services that can be shared by both communities.\n\nIDPs coming from flood affected areas requested the Government to allocate land to IDPs who cannot return to\ntheir villages. **Land occupation and unsolved housing, land and property (HLP) issues** are huge impediments for\nreturns, and most of the respondents requested the Government, UN and NGOs to find solutions to support land\nand property restitution.\n\nOn the issue of **returns**, one youth leader highlighted slow action on the part of humanitarian actors to support\nrequests for returns. Some IDPs noted poor road conditions and transport challenges especially during the rainy\nseason as factors deterring provision of assistance to those willing to return. Host communities pointed out\nchallenges in accessing their land for cultivation, in particular around the areas that experienced violence recently.\n\n### **Theme 2: Prevention**\n\n**Peace and security were the recurring themes repeatedly highlighted under prevention** . IDPs noted that Rule of\nLaw and a stable political system would prevent future displacement as it would ensure security. **Concerns were**\n**raised that the Government had not taken adequate steps to avert and address security concerns.** Participants\nurged the **Government to expedite service delivery, embrace national solidarity and diversity.** IDPs also noted\nthat some of the groups are not adequately represented in the decision-making structures which limits their\nopportunities to articulate their concerns.\n\n**Host communities noted Government has the power to exacerbate or avert conflicts.** Lack of development and\nproliferation of arms were mentioned as factors responsible for ongoing violence including rampant cattle raids,\nrevenge killings and subsequent widespread displacement. Proposals were made, by both IDP and host\ncommunities, for the Government to:\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Conduct disarmament of the civilian population\n\u00a7 Respect human rights and conduct\ninvestigations\n\u00a7 Incarcerate perpetrators of human rights abuses\n\nand actions that result in displacement\n\u00a7 Provide food\n\u00a7 Create employment opportunities,\n\u00a7 Attract development assistance\n\u00a7 Ensure representation of different groups in the\n\ndecision-making process\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Ensure security and the instalment of law\n\nenforcement personnel e.g police in various\nlocations\n\u00a7 Ensure cantonment of armed forces to curtail their\n\nmovement.\n\u00a7 Improve the quality of training provided to the\n\npolice\n\u00a7 Improve the economic situation\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The IDPs and host communities called for provision of basic services** such as shelter, education, health, WASH\nservices, support in agriculture and other formal and informal sectors to sustain livelihood opportunities in the\nIDPs producing and hosting areas. This will ensure harmonious co-existence of various communities and avert\ndisplacement. Some **IDPs also suggested the construction of water reservoirs in the flood prone areas to store**\n**the flood water for agriculture farming and avoid flooding of properties and farms which is causing periodic**\n**displacements in certain parts of the country** . Both host communities and IDPs have acknowledged the need for\n**long term investments that could improve living standards and access to services across the country** as one of\nthe requirements for long term stability and mitigation measure against further displacement.\n\nTo prevent further displacement, youth and women expressed that the Government should address tribal conflicts,\ncorruption and general insecurity to protect the civilian population and their properties. The Government was\nurged to organize **peacebuilding conferences and forums** for people to resolve misunderstandings among the\ncommunities and improve law and order. The youth groups suggested that both IDP and host communities should\nbe provided training on conflict resolution.\n\n### **Theme 3: Participation and accountability**\n\nIDPs and host communities noted that **availability and accessibility of feedback mechanisms vary between**\n**different population categories.** Whilst IDPs living within the PoC and collective sites have access to mechanisms\nset up by operating agencies, those living within host communities and host communities themselves have limited\nopportunities for this as in many instances there is no permanent presence of humanitarian organizations on the\nground. Overall, all groups expressed they had **limited forums for expressing their voice and felt powerless,**\nparticularly with regards to the sharing their concerns with Government [6] . The main channel of conveying\ngrievances to the authorities is reportedly through humanitarian organizations. Participants noted that\n**Government accountability could only be attained through humanitarians, community-based groups and**\n**religious institutions.**\nThey were aware of both formal and informal mechanisms and structures through which they could express\nconcerns to government authorities and NGOs including regular communication with local chiefs and inclusive\nmeetings. Nevertheless, those living outside of displacement sites, reported very limited instances where the\nfeedback was provided, in particular communication from the Government regarding the implementation of the\npeace process was lacking. In general, IDPs also relied on the protection desks in POCs and collective sites. **Host**\n**and returnee communities urged the Government to give them the opportunity to express their views freely**\n**without intimidation and respond where necessary.**\n\n**IDPs reported they could not hold the government directly accountable as this would put them at risk.** For\ninstance, in Upper Nile IDPs noted that before the conflict communities raised their complaints with the local chief\nfor elevation to the county commissioner, but currently chiefs fear elevating complaints to commissioners as they\nwill be accused of opposing the government. There were no clear channels in place on how complaints to\n\n\n6 One of the host community members in Hai Vetnary said \u201c _we\u2019re feeling as if we are not citizens of our own country as no_\n_information is shared with us_ \u201d (Hai Vetnary, Juba, FGD with host community, September 2020, IOM).\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Government should be raised and in some instances IDPs and host community indicated were completely unable\nto hold Government to account. They further called for equal representation inclusive of all gender groups, people\nwith disabilities, age and ethnicity in all public institutions. IDPs and host community reported that women\u2019s issues\nshould be reflected in legal frameworks. **A large section of participants stated that only UN and NGOs hear their**\n**voices and provide assistance** making them the only accountable actors. Some participants expressed\ndissatisfaction with community structures, local chiefs and structures created to hold Governments or institutions\nto account or give feedback.\n\nThe elderly group of IDP informed that they are able to communicate their complaints through meetings with the\nRRC which acts as a liaison between the government and humanitarian organizations. It was noted that **cultural**\n**norms do not encourage the inclusion of women, youth and children in decision making** . **Calls were made for**\n**participation to be inclusive of minority communities and PLwDs.** Children and youth noted their voices were\nnot heard and requested for linkages to (inter) national youth groups. Humanitarian partners were requested to\norganize more regular workshops, conferences, and seminars for IDPs, host communities and RRC at the camp\nlevel. A suggestion was made for the establishment of a community radio stations to raise voices. Radios were\nmentioned on multiple occasions as good sources for information sharing, awareness-raising and expressing\nconcerns. However, some of the IDPs and host communities also noted that there is no real **freedom of expression**\nfor all groups. Respondents have also noted that they use letters and peaceful protests/rallies as ways to make\nauthorities and humanitarians hear their voices.\n\n### **Theme 4: Protection**\n\n**Participants reported that they were traumatized by cycles of intercommunal violence and this impacted**\n**negatively on their physical and emotional wellbeing.** Some felt safe in their current locations, while others noted\nthat recurring cycles of violence were still a concern. Participants in Leer County noted that **political lines and tribal**\n**affiliations are the contributing factors to the division between the IDPs and the host communities in some**\n**locations**, and were also impacting negatively on freedom of movement. IDPs opined the Government was not\nmaking effort to improve their safety. Some host community members reported feeling safe in their areas of\norigin/habitual residencies.\n\nConsulted IDPs and host communities predominantly responded that **they feel safe in areas where they stay**\n**during the daytime**, whereas insecurities rise in the evening, limiting their freedom of movement. IDPs residing\nwithin PoC sites raised concerns about porous perimeter fences which allow outsiders to come into the site,\ncausing security concerns among the residents.\n\nIDP **women felt unsafe due to congestion in the camps, given it leads to a lack of privacy which contributes to**\n**increased risk, and actual occurrence of, sexual violence.** They reported living in fear, being scared for both\nthemselves and their children **. UNMISS was recognized as a key actor providing protection** from insecurity to\ncommunities, at least for those within the protected IDPs sites and host communities residing in the proximity of\nUN patrols/bases. The presence of criminal gangs curtails movement at night as gangs often sexually harass and\nassault women and girls. **Gender Based Violence (GBV) risks were reported to affect women regardless of their**\n**displacement status** ; the youth specifically feared abductions and early marriage. In Eastern Equatoria **women**\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**and girls reported feeling depressed as a result of rape and sexual abuse; requiring counselling and psychosocial**\n**support which is not adequately available.** **Elderly and persons living with disability reportedly face challenges**\n**in accessing services outside IDPs site.** Other protection concerns raised included unsafe shelters without doors,\nsnake bites and general insecurity in the sites exacerbated by lack of patrolling by police, fear of cattle raids and\nrevenge attacks in areas such as Unity State.\n\n**Some IDPs in Upper Nile and Maiwut were satisfied with the level of freedom of movement accorded to them** .\nIn Maiwut \u2013 Upper Nile, movement of IDPs and host community was free within Maiwut but areas outside\nremained insecure. Restrictions were present on the border point with Ethiopia where they buy their food.\n\n### **Theme 5: Coordination**\n\n**Perceptions on coordination received mixed reactions** . IDP groups in Leer informed that communication and\ncoordination with the humanitarian organizations is done through information desks, camp leadership, partners\nmeetings, through women and girls\u2019 friendly space (WGFS_ and through community structures as well as\ncoordination between partners and RRC/Relief Organization for South Sudan (ROSS). Varying opinions were\nexpressed by the IDPs on the coordination and communication mechanisms with the humanitarian organizations.\nWhile the IDPS appreciated the communication and coordination approaches of the protection organizations, they\npointed out shortcomings in dealing with WASH and health services/actors.\n\nIDPs living within collective centers and PoC sites expressed **satisfaction with the coordination between them and**\n**humanitarian agencies operating on the sites** . **Community leaders and church leaders are** recognized as key\nactors for coordination with the community and for transmitting messages to the **RRC** representatives in the area.\nConsulted communities, however, suggested that **IDPs should be represented in all important forums** to ensure\ntheir needs are adequately articulated and to receive feedback. Women and girls expressed that meetings are\nnot organized on a regular basis with them to discuss their concerns and that they have not received adequate\ndignity kits, hand washing soaps and hand sanitizers.\n\n**Some participants were dissatisfied with how organizations coordinate their activities although they expressed**\n**satisfaction with the communication and the diversity of services offered.** In some locations in Yambio and Juba\nurban areas, some participants noted they have not received any assistance from NGOs.\n\n### **Theme 6: Humanitarian-Development-Peacebuilding Nexus**\n\n**Preference for development assistance over emergency assistance varies across the country** . Some IDPs and host\ncommunities **predominantly preferred emergency assistance** to meet their basic needs and advocated for shelter,\nNFI, health, food and water supply as their immediate needs. Prevalence of different types of insecurities across\nthe country and within assessed locations has made respondents cautious of long-term planning for the future.\nAlthough they acknowledged the need for moving towards reconciliation phase, they are still not convinced about\nthe sustainability of the current revitalized peace agreement and have raised concerns that much more has to be\ndone (including joint forces, disarmament, ending intercommunal clashes and sub-national violence) for them to\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "feel safe in their country. Some advocated for **elections** to give a chance to different groups (including minorities)\nto engage in the governance structures.\n\nDifferent groups emphasized the need for **more vocational training** (including sewing, bread making, tailoring,\ncarpentry) especially for displaced women and youth who are reportedly often idle and jobless. Most of the\nrespondents mentioned that the UN and the Government should scale up different peacebuilding initiatives to\n**promote reconciliation and conflict management** between the communities.\n\n**A faction of IDPs favored long term developmental assistance due to its positive impact on the quality of life,**\n**particularly in Upper Nile and Unity State. The current emergency and development assistance were considered**\n**to be insufficient.** In some areas host community noted they have never benefited from emergency assistance but\ndid benefit from development assistance. Requests were made for more resources and humanitarian assistance\nto be availed to the host community and IDPs to ensure that peace prevailed in their community and in long-term,\nto make population more independent and less reliant on humanitarian aid. In Leer, the host community noted\nthat in 2019 they received dignity kits in addition to the construction of a women\u2019s business center, support to\ntraditional courts, vegetable seeds and rehabilitation of roads. They highlighted a need for increased distribution\nof NFIs to the host community.\n\nIn Torit, Rubkona, Koch, Eastern Equatoria, Juba, Wau and other locations, **respondents noted that there was no**\n**balance between emergency assistance and long-term assistance as most humanitarian projects are short term,**\n**responding to emergencies** and therefore focused on distribution of soap, food, seed and cash for work.\nGovernment and other partners were urged to focus on developmental projects, including vocational training for\nyouth and women, livelihood skills and building more health facilities. Respondents highlighted a need to actively\ninvolve community leaders such as chiefs, the elderly and religious leaders in peacebuilding activities.\n\n### **Theme 7: Specific needs and capacities**\n\nParticipants noted displacement affected children, women, PLwD and elderly people both from IDP and host\ncommunities differently. Some calls were made for PLwDs to receive more assistance. The range of services\nprovided to people with specific needs was considered satisfactory although requests for more food was prevalent.\nParticipants noted that **although women and children were particularly affected by displacement there is no**\n**adequate support from humanitarians to respond to their needs.** Women have suffered extensively during the\nyears of conflict and displacement, with some losing their husbands and becoming single heads of households.\nThey are also exposed to different types of harassment, adding to their vulnerability and trauma. **Persons living**\n**with disabilities are often left behind or have lost caretakers when fleeing their homes.** Children have lost years\nof education and are also exposed to various maltreatments, including abductions and child labor. To address these\nvulnerabilities, participants proposed the following:\n\n\u00a7 Psychosocial counselling and support them with dealing with traumatic events in the past.\n\u00a7 Training for women to support them find employment and cope with impacts of displacement\n\u00a7 **Persons living with disabilities should be granted extra cash and assistance to meet their basic needs**\n\n**including mobility equipment.**\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a7 The Government and UN should increase access to education by opening adequate schools and support with\n\nschool fees and other educational needs. Agencies should facilitate foster care and family reunification for\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\u00a7 **Many respondents emphasized the need for vocational training and job opportunities**\n\u00a7 Humanitarians should address most pressing needs: shelter, food, NFI, health and education.\n\u00a7 Action to challenge harmful cultural practices that negatively affect society particularly women should be\n\ntaken.\n\n### **Theme 8: COVID-19**\n\nOverall, consulted communities are **aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. They received information through**\n**different channels** : radio talk shows, boda boda talks, awareness-raising campaigns and posters. Some mentioned\nthat most of the information is shared in English and Arabic and requested information to be shared in other local\nlanguages. Despite the awareness, communities are **not adequately adhering to preventive measures** **due to**\n**challenges in accessing WASH supplies (water, soap) and lack of protective equipment (face masks),** whereas\nsome believe Covid \u2013 19 does not pose serious threat to their health. Respondents asked for support from the\nGovernment and humanitarian agencies in providing necessary supplies. Though the needs between IDPs and host\ncommunities are similar, IDPs are reportedly further exposed due to congested sites, overcrowded shelters and\nlack of access to protective gear.\n\n**There was acknowledgment that the disease had affected social life and impacted on livelihood opportunities** .\n**Some IDPs also lost their jobs and livelihoods due to the COVID-19;** in particular due to: movement restrictions\nimposed by the Government, UNMISS reduced patrols within POC sites as part of Covid 19 IPC measures and the\nfootprint reduction policy and businesses were closed due to interruptions in supply chains particularly affecting\nborder areas.\n\nRespondents made the following suggestions.\n\n\u00a7 **Government and humanitarian partners to increase distribution of basic needs items.**\n\u00a7 The Government to ensure peace, stability and economic recovery through implementation of the peace\nagreement.\n\u00a7 Establish isolation facilities, improve health services and provide adequate shelter.\n\n### **Theme 9: Any other issues**\n\n\nIDPs and host communities also highlighted the below mentioned issues/concerns and expectations from\nGovernment\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Disarmament of the civilian to reduce the rate of\n\nkilling/between within the communities.\n\u00a7 Improved security and safety for women and girls.\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Progress towards the implementation of the Peace\n\nAgreement should be clearly communicated to\ncommunities\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a7 Strengthen education services including building\n\nadequate schools, pay teachers\u2019 salaries and\nincrease the number of teachers and scholarships.\n\u00a7 Construct adequate hospitals, boreholes and\n\npermanent shelter for the elderly.\n\u00a7 Establish and invest in adult schools.\n\u00a7 Ensure availability of adequate medicines in\n\nhospitals especially for ulcers and high blood\npressure.\n\u00a7 Reduce risks associated with exposure to COVID \u2013 19\n\nin border areas.\n\u00a7 Distribute PPE and masks for COVID-19 protection.\n\u00a7 Distribute clothes and sandals\n\u00a7 Provide psychosocial and trauma services\n\n### **Conclusion**\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Finalize the training of joint forces and start with\n\ndeployments.\n\u00a7 Ensure a peaceful and comprehensive disarmament\n\nprocess\n\u00a7 Invest in basic infrastructure (transportation and health\n\nservices in particular)\n\u00a7 Solve housing, land and property issues across the\n\ncountry, and allocate land for IDPs who cannot return\nto areas of origin/habitual residencies.\n\u00a7 Improve infrastructure, in particular, dykes around the\n\nWhite Nile to prevent flooding\n\u00a7 Scale-up disaster risk reduction and preparedness\n\nprograms across affected counties.\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Consultations of various population categories across South Sudan has revealed that the level of humanitarian\n\nand development assistance is not proportionate to the needs of IDPs, Host Communities and Returnees.\n\u00a7 Most IDPs would prefer to return to their area of origin/habitual residencies should security and availability\n\nof basic needs improve.\n\u00a7 Gaps in assistance were particularly noted in food, shelter, livelihood activities and basic infrastructure\n\n(health, education, WASH services and roads network) and response to COVID-19.\n\u00a7 These needs were articulated by various population categories irrespective of their age, gender and diversity.\n\n#### **Recommendations to the IDP High Level Panel**\n\n\nStrengthen joint advocacy and monitoring from the UN Secretary-General High Level Panel on IDPs, the\ninternational community and the Government to:\n\n\n\u00a7 Ensure accountability towards government commitments, including the implementation of the peace\n\nagreement, and towards IDPs rights including addressing atrocities. This should include establishing feedback\nchannels between displaced population, host communities and the Government.\n\n\n\u00a7 Strengthen action to facilitate peacebuilding including peace dialogues and peace education inclusive of\n\ndisplaced population\n\n\n\u00a7 High level advocacy for adoption of relevant policies and legislation, particularly the \u201cProtection and\n\nAssistance to Internally Displaced Persons Bill 2018\u201d (also referred to as the IDP Bill) for South Sudan. Specific\nlegislation for IDPs will help to domesticate international standards for IDPs and ensure that IDPs challenges,\nneeds and vulnerabilities captured through the consultation process are articulated and addressed; Rebuild\nIDPs and international community trust and confidence on government action and enhance humanitarian\nresponse; Provide a solid base for anchoring response planning, prioritization and appropriate allocation of\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resources. The Bill is pending at the Ministry of Justice for review as of February 2019. Encourage the Ministry\nof Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management (MHADM) to follow up with the Ministry of Justice to\nfinalize the review and send the Bill to the Parliament.\n\n\n\u00a7 High-level advocacy for the endorsement and passage of the 2019 Draft National Land Policy. This piece of\n\nlegislation provides nuanced and forward-thinking legal guidance for IDPs and other vulnerable people. In\nparticular, it addresses: the provision of housing and shelter for landless IDPs; the right to make legally\nlegitimated claims to land and property through alternative means of verification; the rights and\nresponsibilities of communities to manage and allocate their own land; and the specific rights of women and\nchildren in inheriting, owning, transferring and/ or utilizing land and property.\n\n\n\u00a7 Facilitate triple nexus between peace, humanitarian and development action through high level panel\n\nengagement with relevant actors for necessary action. This includes advocacy for long term investment\ndirected towards transition, recovery and development programs to allow systematic and comprehensive\ninterventions particularly in areas of return that would strengthen the resilience of communities.\n\n\n\u00a7 Advocate for mainstreamed implementation of the Comprehensive Migration Policy of the Republic of South\n\nSudan, in particular towards addressing challenges related to forced migration such as lack of protection for\nvulnerable population groups, economic opportunities for refugees and IDPs, solving land disputes and\nimproving social cohesion between host communities and forced migrants disturbed by protracted conflict\nover resources. The Comprehensive Migration Policy provides the Government of South Sudan and its\npartners with a guidance on how to address various migration challenges arising from insecurity, disasters,\npoverty and lack of basic services. In addition to addressing forced migrations, the Policy encompasses\nadditional three strategic areas: free movement of people and border management, ensuring regular\npathways to safe, human and orderly labour migration, and promotion of migration and development.\n\n\n\u00a7 Advocate for streamlined and strengthened data collection and data management capacity, in compliance to\n\nProtection Information Management principles, both for Government, humanitarians and other relevant\nstakeholders (including donors, development actors) to enhance evidence-based interventions and response,\nincluding scaling up the capacity of the National Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and\nDisaster Management and Refugee and Rehabilitation Commission as custodians displacement data.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81f83a87-76b4-38be-84af-04ca5199fb84/FINAL%20Report%20South%20Sudan%20IDP%20High%20Level%20Panel%20Joint%20Agency%20Report%20Sep%202020%5B3%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_392/raw/doc_392_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_392/raw/doc_392_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 09a3d1062ab82381347c3928f2832c31e899438e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_392/raw/doc_392_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "ASHRAF WAS BORN ON 15 MARCH 2011 \u2013 THE FIRST DAY OF THE CONFLICT IN SYRIA\n\n\n(PHOTO CREDIT: UNHCR/A.MC CONELL)\n\n# SYRIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON\n\n##### REFERRAL AT A GLANCE FINAL REPORT \u2013 JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2014\n\n\n*This updated version of the report includes 2014 finalized financial data.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5709224e-7891-3b7d-ba33-971794bcd8b2/FINALreferralcareLebanon2014imcfinancial.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - 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"pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5709224e-7891-3b7d-ba33-971794bcd8b2/FINALreferralcareLebanon2014imcfinancial.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5709224e-7891-3b7d-ba33-971794bcd8b2/FINALreferralcareLebanon2014imcfinancial.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_393/raw/doc_393_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_393/raw/doc_393_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c1468d70ede56feb5dbd834cb96f76a36cbd6e7b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_393/raw/doc_393_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,396 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 31 December 2021**\n\nConflict and fragility have taken a costly toll on the economy\nof the country and have extracted a huge human price. Seven\nout of 10 South Sudanese live in absolute poverty and nearly\n7 million people \u2013 more than 60 per cent of the population \u2013\nface a food crisis. In the Human Development index 2022,\nSouth Sudan ranks 186th of 189 countries. Displacement\nremains one of the country\u2019s biggest challenges with 2.02\nmillion internally displaced persons, 2.34 million South\nSudanese residing in neighbouring countries as refugees,\nand some 10,000 individuals estimated to be at risk of\nstatelessness.\n\n\nMost of the refugees are hosted in Upper Nile (53 per cent)\nand the Ruweng Special Administrative Area (38 per cent) in\nthe North of Unity. Other refugee-hosting areas are Central\nEquatoria (4 per cent), Western Equatoria (4 per cent),\nand Jonglei state (1 per cent). Ninety-eight per cent of the\nrefugee population lives in settlements and camps in mud\nshelters and semi-permanent structures made of timber\npoles, timber and iron sheets, whereas the remainder reside\nin urban areas ~~.~~ [[[2]]](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en-US&rs=en-US&actnavid=eyJjIjo2NjM2NjI1NjV9&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365-my.sharepoint.com%2Fpersonal%2Fkiani_unhcr_org%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2F205f72e9f93f49ba9051f8e309c8cc6f&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=1&wdodb=1&hid=8D8294A0-2039-6000-28BA-DD8B3CD38A11&wdorigin=Outlook-Body&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v1&newsession=1&corrid=629bf7f4-10c3-4d25-a79b-1f2a91283955&usid=629bf7f4-10c3-4d25-a79b-1f2a91283955&sftc=1&cac=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush&rct=Normal&ctp=LeastProtected#_ftn2)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 Support for host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS**\n\nAs at 31 December 2021\n\n### **1 Support for host communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting countries**\n\n\nThe National Disaster Management Strategic Plan, together with other laws and policy frameworks such as\nthe [National Comprehensive Migration Policy (2019), provide for the support and empowerment of refugees](https://mol.gov.ss/sites/default/files/2022-11/SOUTH%20SUDAN%20MIGRATION%20POLICY.pdf)\nand host communities as well as enhanced access to services.\n\n\nSouth Sudan continues to struggle in actualizing these policies on the ground and turning them into tangible\noutcomes to benefit refugees, returnees and host communities, among other populations. Challenges of\npersonnel and financial resources, capacities of the institutions, as well as the deteriorating socioeconomic and\npolitical landscape resulting in security and violence, impede the implementation of these policies. Additional\nsupport and resources are needed to ensure the full implementation of the Plan for the benefit of the South\nSudanese hosts and refugees, including developing more policies and regulations to enhance service delivery\nto the population and awareness-raising among policymakers to enable inclusive policy formulation.\n\n\nThe Revised National Development Strategy 2021\u20132024 and the South Sudan National Social Protection\nPolicy Framework provide the basis for the social protection and economic empowerment of South Sudanese,\nincluding the refugee-hosting communities through social safety programmes. Through the support of the\nWorld Bank and other partners, social safety net programmes have been implemented in different parts of\nthe country to support the vulnerable communities facing economic hardships and other challenges.\n\n\nMajor programmes implemented by non-government actors and the Government include the continuing\nGirls\u2019 Education South Sudan (GESS), co-funded by the EU (European Union), UKAID, USAID, and Global\nAffairs Canada, which provides school capitation grants, cash transfers to girls attending school coupled\nwith behaviour changes, research and improvement of schools. Building Resilience through Asset Creation\n(BRACE) is another key programme funded by FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office),\nwhile the World Bank has been funding the South Sudan Safety Net Project (SSSNP), offering both cash\ntransfers and conditional cash grants including labour-intensive support to infrastructural activities and\nincome generation, among others. Recently established cash-based transfers have been used to target the\nelderly, women at risk, children at risk, and persons with disabilities, among others, and the conditional cash\ngrant has been used for public work targeting vulnerable families. Moreover, the World Food Programme\n(WFP) has continued Food for Assets (FFA), Urban Safety Nets (USN) and the School Feeding Programme\n(SFP) which support vulnerable families and have contributed significantly to social protection and safety net\nprogramming. Most of these programmes are implemented in the cities, especially in Juba.\n\n\nIt is important to note that these programmes do not target refugees, who have been largely unable to\nbenefit directly, except in special circumstances such as refugee children enrolled in the schools supported\nby the GESS programme. The National Development Strategy and social protection policies remain limited\nin their application and further action is required to include and reach more refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThere are various national policies aimed at directly and indirectly identifying, preventing and mitigating\npotential social tensions and risks of conflicts in refugee-hosting areas. The Refugees Act 2012 and the 2017\nRegulations set out refugee rights and protective measures.\n\n\n[The Constitution of South Sudan 2011 (rev.2013)](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Sudan_2013?lang=en) grants protection from discrimination for all persons within\nthe territory of South Sudan including refugees. This is reinforced in the 2012 Refugees Act which states\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 Support for host communities\n\n\nthat \u201cA recognized refugee and every member of his or her family in South Sudan shall: be entitled to\nthe rights contained in the international conventions to which South Sudan is party and enjoy full legal\nprotection, which includes the rights set out in Bill of rights\u201d. Sections 64 & 65 of the Regulations require the\nCommissioner for Refugee Affairs (CRA) to ensure that a refugee is integrated in the communities where\nrefugee camps are established, or refugees are settled and further to raise awareness in host communities\non the presence of refugees and any other matters relating to their coexistence.\n\n\n[The Bill of Rights in the Transitional Constitution 2011, as amended, the Penal Code Act, 2008, and a large](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Sudan_2013?lang=en)\nbody of other national laws, applicable throughout the country, establish legal and policy frameworks\nsupporting the prevention of tensions and strengthening social cohesion between refugees, other displaced\n[persons and their hosts. The Global Compact on Refugees also provides a framework for social cohesion](https://www.unhcr.org/5c658aed4)\nand the rule of law among refugees and host communities.\n\n\nThere are, however, gaps in early warning systems, intended to identify conflict risks and provide subsequent\nmitigation measures. While refugee and host communities in South Sudan typically coexist peacefully,\ntensions still exist. These tensions can be attributed to various factors, including competition for natural\nresources, land disputes, destruction of crops by animals belonging to the host or refugee communities and/\nor perceived inequities in access to livelihoods, services and international aid. In some locations, refugees\nare viewed as encroachers, leading to a sense of rivalry that can translate into conflict. Such tensions also\nexist within refugee communities and among South Sudanese nationals.\n\n\nWithin the host and refugee communities, there are functional informal and formal mechanisms in place\nthat promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and civic engagement. The most important\nmechanisms within the host community are the local leaders/customary courts, which have social cohesion\nand dispute resolution responsibilities within their area of jurisdiction. The refugee community-based\nstructures are the equivalent structures in the refugee community. As a matter of practice, local governments,\nand the Commission for Refugee Affairs (CRA), with the support of the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR), facilitate interventions to promote peaceful coexistence and address any tensions\nbetween refugees and host communities using these structures. Established peace committees in refugeehosting areas promote dialogue between the refugees and host members on a wide range of issues. These\nhave a strong potential to address conflicts between the communities more comprehensively, including\naddressing environmental degradation, but policies at the Government level within the direction of sections\n64 & 65 of the Refugees Eligibility Regulations aimed at bringing together both refugee and host community\nrepresentatives, have not yet been established.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Peace Building charged with social cohesion, conflict resolution, and peacebuilding matters\nin the country has drafted a policy that will provide better guidance and direction on the matters. Pending\nthe finalization of this policy, the state ministries responsible for peacebuilding addresses local conflict\nmitigation and peacebuilding matters in accordance with the overall guidance by the Constitution. In practice,\nrefugees and asylum-seekers report to UNHCR protection desks and implementing partners incidents of\ndiscrimination, for instance in relation to gender, ethnicity, and disability.\n\n\nThere have been efforts by the authorities to include the refugees in peaceful co-existence activities with\na view to promote social cohesion and harmony between the locals and the refugees in refugee-hosting\nareas. The host community has in turn benefited from support for peaceful existence activities undertaken\nby UNHCR and CRA embedded in livelihood activities, health care, etc. Deliberate efforts in social cohesion\ncampaigns have been directed at the host community and refugee structures involved in the peaceful\nresolution of conflicts, anti-GBV (Gender-Based Violence) campaigns, sharing resources, and other services\nprovided to refugees.\n\n\nThe host community relations with the refugees have improved despite a few spontaneous cases of violent\nincidents, mostly successfully settled amicably. The extent of tension varies per location but has reduced\nin 2021 thanks to concerted efforts by the authorities. However, the overall situation is still described as\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 Support for host communities\n\n\nfragile and there are tensions around land for cultivation and the harvesting of firewood/charcoal. Given the\nreduced resources and lack of social services, an increased number of host populations are seeking access\nto basic services available in refugee camps. While UNHCR has extended its services to vulnerable host\npopulations, community-based interventions need to address the increasing medical, educational, social\nand infrastructure needs of host communities living in the same areas as refugees.\n\n\nUNMISS (United Nations Mission in South Sudan) and UN agencies\u2019 investments in wider peaceful\ncoexistence amongst South Sudanese have enhanced peacebuilding efforts in the country. However,\nsuch similar investments in refugee-host community peacebuilding are limited. In the limited development\nfunding available to the Government, international organizations and NGOs, the transition to self-reliance\nand development activities, particularly to strengthen national institutions, remains challenging. This is\ncritical in order to maintain a favourable protection environment, preserve the asylum space, and prevent\nthe deterioration of refugee-host relations. The use of land and forests, and assigned areas for the collection\nof firewood, had to be discussed and agreed between the local authorities and host communities to avoid\ntensions over natural resources in the refugee-populated areas.\n\n\nNational policy frameworks such as the Constitution and the Refugee Act guarantee the enjoyment of all\nrights for refugees without discrimination on any grounds. This is, however, not uniformly applied by some\nadministrative bodies, especially with sensitive cases contravening local cultures and norms. Same-sex acts\nare illegal in South Sudan in accordance with South Sudan\u2019s penal code.\n\n\nUNHCR and partners continue to focus on the Age, Gender, and Diversity (AGD) approach as a central part\nof their activities to inform interventions for refugees. Different refugee groups comprising women and\nmen with disabilities (including those with long-term physical, mental, intellectual and sensory impairment),\nelderly men and women, persons of diverse sexual orientation, national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic\nminorities and indigenous people, and other groups, have been set up and are consulted individually and\nin groups to identify their protection concerns and take decisions on the issues that affect them. Further\nsensitization and engagement are needed to enhance the understanding of diversity and participation\namong the refugee-hosting communities and the local authorities.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nWhile there is no legislation that specifically provides access to energy and restricts deforestation, improves\nwater and waste management and access to sanitation, the general laws and policies of South Sudan\ncan be applied to protect the environment in the refugee-hosting areas. These include the [Transitional](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Sudan_2013?lang=en)\n[Constitution of South Sudan 2011 (as](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Sudan_2013?lang=en) [amended in 2013 and](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/525e88ef4.pdf) [in 2015); the](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ssd182397.pdf) [2018 Revitalized Agreement on the](https://southsudan.igad.int/index.php/agreements/345-signed-revitalized-agreement-on-the-resolution-of-the-conflict-in-south-sudan)\n[Resolution of Confict in the Republic of South Sudan (RARCSS); the South Sudan National Environmental](https://southsudan.igad.int/index.php/agreements/345-signed-revitalized-agreement-on-the-resolution-of-the-conflict-in-south-sudan)\n[Policy 2015-2025; the](https://open.africa/dataset/national-environmental-policy/resource/04d131c0-4f29-4630-967e-4b410d39c9bb?view_id=1a2fdd8f-834d-482c-9a0f-5c8403600c2e) [Land Act 2009; the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a841e7a4.html) [Local Government Act 2009; the](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ssd3324.pdf) [Wildlife Conservation & National](https://www.informea.org/en/legislation/wild-life-conservation-and-national-parks-act-2003)\n[Parks Act 2003 (provisional order, Laws of New Sudan); and the](https://www.informea.org/en/legislation/wild-life-conservation-and-national-parks-act-2003) [Timber Utilization & Management Act 2003](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ssd78774.pdf)\n[(provisional order, Laws of New Sudan).](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ssd78774.pdf)\n\n\nArticle 41 of the Transitional Constitution grants the right of environmental protection to every person.\nThe term \u201cevery person\u201d should apply to a refugee person or a host community person. Furthermore,\nArticle 41 (4) requires that \u201call levels of government\u201d should \u201cdevelop energy policies that will ensure that\nthe basic needs of the people are met while protecting and preserving the environment.\u201d The Land Act\n2009 requires that land allocation that has a potential to cause environmental and social impacts should\nbe guided by the results of a credible environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA). This covers\nrefugee-hosting areas as allocating land for refugee settlement would require an ESIA and applications of\nrelevant environmental protection safeguards.\n\n\n[South Sudan has acceded to international environmental treaties and conventions such as the Convention](https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php)\n[on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 1973, Biodiversity Convention 1992, Convention to](https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php)\n[Combat Desertifcation, and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). On the](https://www.unccd.int/resource/convention-text)\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\nbasis of these, the country has developed several plans to actualize the implementation and protection of\nthe environment and ecosystem. Such plans include [National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA),](http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/24427)\n[Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC),](https://www.undp.org/south-sudan/publications/south-sudans-second-nationally-determined-contribution-climate-promise) [Initial National Communications to the UNFCCC,](https://unfccc.int/documents/199455) [National](https://www.undp.org/south-sudan/publications/first-national-adaptation-plan-climate-change-republic-south-sudan)\n[Adaptation Plan (NAP), Technology Needs Assessment (TNA)](https://www.undp.org/south-sudan/publications/first-national-adaptation-plan-climate-change-republic-south-sudan) under development, and [National Biodiversity](https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ss/ss-nbsap-01-en.pdf)\n[Strategic Action Plan (NBSAP).](https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ss/ss-nbsap-01-en.pdf)\n\n\nAs part of the 2019 Global Refugee Forum (GRF), South Sudan pledged to support access to sustainable and\ngreen energy solutions for refugees and host communities. The country is set to roll out the 100 million tree\nplanting project funded by the [Green Climate Fund (GCF)](https://www.greenclimate.fund/) which will largely target the refugee-hosting areas\nwith the expectation that refugees will participate and benefit. Portable lamps for lighting and fuel-efficient\nstoves have been provided to refugees as a way of mitigating the felling of trees for firewood and charcoal.\n\n\nDespite these formal policy frameworks and initiatives, significant environmental degradation is observed\nacross the country and in refugee-hosting areas due to weak institutions, inadequate technical capacity to\nprovide backstopping to enact and execute the policies, insufficient financial resources, and low political will\nto prioritize, set and commit to the environmental agenda. Relevant regulations, such as Ministerial Order No\n1/2017 banning the use and importation of plastic bags, remained largely unimplemented. The same applies\n[to the provisions of the South Sudan National Environmental Policy 2015-2025, which covers broad areas](https://open.africa/dataset/national-environmental-policy/resource/04d131c0-4f29-4630-967e-4b410d39c9bb?view_id=1a2fdd8f-834d-482c-9a0f-5c8403600c2e)\nincluding waste management, climate change and sustainable energy.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee Inflows**\n\n\nCRA takes the lead in preparedness and regulation of refugee reception mechanisms. CRA is, as per the\nRefugee Act, the Government refugee entity leading and responsible for the overall coordination and\nmanagement of refugee and asylum matters. It facilitates regular engagement between host and refugee\ncommunities. In discharging its responsibility, the Commission undertakes a range of activities which aim to\nuphold principles of protection such as ensuring access to territory and preventing refoulement.\n\n\nThe period of 2020-2021 recorded a rising number of inflows, although relatively low, to South Sudan, due\nto conflict in neighbouring countries. CRA and UNHCR developed a contingency plan in 2021, especially in\npreparedness for the possible refugee influx from Ethiopia given the unrest in the country. CRA continues\nto work to strengthen border management and conducts regular monitoring of the border areas to provide\nguidance to border and immigration officials on the reception of persons fleeing into South Sudan. A key\nfocus is placed on disseminating the principle of non-refoulement.\n\n### **2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe Republic of South Sudan acceded to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967\nProtocol in September 2018, and to the 1969 Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems\nin Africa in June 2016. The country is also a state party to other relevant core international and regional\nconventions and human rights instruments, as well as the 2009 African Union Convention on the Protection\nand Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons ratified in June 2019. Moreover, South Sudan endorsed the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees and made important pledges at the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019.\n\n\nThese instruments are implemented through the South Sudan Refugee Act of 2012 (No. 20). This Act is\ncomplemented by the Refugee Status Eligibility Regulations of 2017, as well as by the Standard Operating\nProcedures (SOPs) for Refugee Status Determination developed and updated in June 2021. In conjunction\nwith this policy framework, decrees and orders issued by the Minister of Interior (such as Ministerial Order\nNo. 03/2020 for the Establishment of the Refugee Appeals Board and Appointment of the Refugee Appeals\nBoard Members; Ministerial Order No. 30/2019 for the Exclusion of Refugees from Aliens Registration Process\nin South Sudan) play a direct role in forming the refugee response and management in South Sudan.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\nThe Refugee Act uses the definition of \u201crefugee\u201d as provided for under the 1951 and the 1969 Conventions.\nChapter II (10) states that the provisions of the Act shall be interpreted in accordance with relevant\ninternational and regional refugee treaties and human rights instruments to which South Sudan is a party.\nThe Refugee Act also provides for the institutional aspects of refugee management by outlining the\nroles and responsibilities of the Commission for Refugee Affairs (CRA), the Refugee Eligibility Committee\n(REC) and the Refugee Appeals Board (RAB). The Act also incorporates progressive provisions which\nrecognize the rights of refugees, including socioeconomic rights such as access to employment and\nbasic national services.\n\n\nSouth Sudan consists of 10 States and 3 administrative areas. Each state has its own government and\nconstitution but the linkages between the State and national institutions remain weak. Most of these\ninstitutions lack capacity to discharge their functions independently accountably. CRA faces serious\nchallenges in discharging its functions and in providing adequate refugee protection responses in many\naspects. It has limited country-wide operational capacity to manage the registration/documentation of\nasylum-seekers and refugees and to conduct the individual Refugee Status Determination (RSD) in different\nparts of the country. The Commission also faces challenges in maintaining the Humanitarian and Civilian\nCharacter of Asylum (CCA) due to the volatile and unstable situation of the country. The two key authorities\nin charge of asylum matters, REC and RAB, only operate in the capital, Juba. UNHCR plays an active role in\nproviding advice and technical support to CRA, REC and RAB.\n\n\nThe same institutional, organizational, and operational capacity limitations prevent refugee management\nentities from efficiently addressing the integration of refugee matters in development plans. Much more\nregular and closer interaction with the national, local and regional planning authorities is required to ensure\nthat refugee concerns and related matters are included in the initiation and formulation of sustainable\ndevelopment and environmental plans including in line ministry budget plans.\n\n\nCRA also lacks sufficient capacity to disseminate and support the application of refugee policies to the\nrelevant authorities in South Sudan. UNHCR observed a significant number of incidents where immigration\nauthorities and/or law enforcement officials fail to recognize asylum-seekers\u2019 and refugees\u2019 documentation,\nwhich on some occasions results in detention. Quite a number of service providers still do not recognize\nrefugees\u2019 documentation for access to specific, which requires the intervention of CRA or UNHCR.\n\n\nThe 2012 Refugee Act mandates CRA, REC, and RAB with different roles in the Refugee Status Determination\n(RSD) process. The process is led by the Government, with UNHCR\u2019s technical support. The Refugee\nEligibility Regulations of 2017 are complemented by CRA\u2019s own standard operating procedures on RSD.\nThis framework mandates CRA with RSD case work and recommendations and REC with first instance\nadjudication of the RSD applications and the CRA recommendations. RAB reviews the appeals of asylumseekers whose claim was rejected at first instance. The High Court also ultimately provides judicial review\nof further asylum appeals.\n\n\nThe South Sudanese Government uses both the prima facie and individual RSD approaches to process\nasylum claims. The prima facie approach, which is used for populations of certain countries of origin (Sudan,\nCongolese/DRC, Central African Republic and Ethiopian Anuaks), is decided by the Minister of Interior\nthrough a ministerial order.\n\n\nThe implementation of the RSD procedures faces a number of challenges. Generally, CRA, REC and RAB\nhave their main presence in Juba, although CRA is present in the main refugee locations across the country.\nThe RSD processes, conducted by CRA, are heavily centralized due to resource constraints, though\nindividual RSD is meant to be applied in other urban areas. RSD field missions are generally coordinated\nbetween UNHCR and CRA whenever the need arises. Positive progress with CRA technical capacity has\nbeen observed, but further development is still required to uphold the efficiency and fairness of the process.\nHowever, CRA\u2019s limited technical and processing capacity results in major processing delays and backlogs.\nCRA also faces challenges with data and physical file management and reporting.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\nGenerally, CRA, REC and RAB face further challenges pertaining to the interpretation of certain international\nprinciples vis-\u00e0-vis the South Sudan laws. For instance, South Sudan Penal Code criminalizes \u201ccarnal\nintercourse against the order of nature\u201d (Section 248 \u201cUnnatural Offences\u201d) and \u201cany male person who\ndresses or is attired in the fashion of a woman\u201d (Section 249 \u201cActs of Gross Indecency\u201d). The interpretations\nof such provisions are often used as a basis for the rejection of asylum applications for individuals with\ndiverse sexual orientations and/or gender identities. Such challenges hamper the fairness, efficiency,\nadaptability and integrity of the national asylum system in South Sudan.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Refugee Act stipulates a general prohibition on refusal of entry, expulsion, extradition or return to\nother countries where asylum-seekers and refugees might be subjected to persecution based on one or\nmore of the grounds of the refugee definition within the Act. The refugee protection policy framework\ndoes not impose any explicit limitations on the legal stay for asylum-seekers and refugees in the country.\nAsylum-seekers and refugees are not required to be issued with any special residency permits for\ntheir stay. The asylum-seeker certificate and refugee ID cards grant them leave to remain in the South\nSudanese territory. They are, however, required to approach CRA for registration upon their arrival in the\ncountry and periodic renewal of their documentation throughout their stay. UNHCR South Sudan provides\ntechnical and logistical support for document issuance and renewal to asylum-seekers and refugees.\nChallenges remain with the documentation processing capacity of CRA, which results in major delays and\nbacklog of document renewal.\n\n\nSouth Sudan has developed [a Comprehensive Migration Policy 2019, providing for border management](https://docs.southsudanngoforum.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/SOUTH SUDAN MIGRATION POLICY.PDF)\nand assistance to refugees and asylum-seekers at the borders of South Sudan, under the principles of nonrefoulment and freedom of movement. Despite observing situations of delayed admission to the territory at\nthe southern borders of South Sudan, UNHCR has not recorded cases of refoulement.\n\n\nUNHCR regularly provides training to CRA officials, immigration officers, and border police/guards on\ninternational refugee law, including the principle of non-refoulment. UNHCR partners undertake border\nmonitoring and UNHCR provides support to the Directorate of Border Police, border post guards, immigration\nofficers and staff of the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) which, through its presence at key\nborder crossing points, monitors spontaneous returns. The prevalence of diseases such as COVID-19 and\nEbola, among other pandemics, necessitates, according to the authorities, the total or partial restriction of\nborders to allow for better screening, especially in Yida, in the north of the country.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe Refugee Act outlines the institutional framework of refugee management by detailing the roles and\nresponsibilities of CRA, REC and RAB. The CRA is appointed by the President on the recommendation of\nthe Minister of Interior. The nine REC members are appointed from various Ministries and institutions while\nthe RAB is composed of 5 members appointed by the Minister of Interior. The Refugee Act empowers\nCRA with responsibility for implementing national and regional development plans concerning refugees\nin South Sudan; fulfilling the secretariat and advisory role on refugee protection to the Government\u2019s\nasylum-related institutions, mainly REC and RAB; coordinating refugee programmes; promoting South\nSudan\u2019s regional and international cooperation including with UNHCR; and ensuring the maintenance of\nlaw and order in refugee settlements.\n\n\nThe 2017 Refugee Status Eligibility Regulations, enacted into law by the Minister of Interior, further entrusted\nCRA with a key role in ensuring the implementation of the 2012 Refugee Act and Regulations. Furthermore,\nCRA liaises with the national, local and regional planning authorities for the purposes of ensuring that refugee\nconcerns and related matters are addressed in the initiation and formulation of sustainable development\nand environmental plans.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\nThe Refugee Act 2012 also mandated CRA to coordinate inter-ministerial and non-governmental activities\nand programmes relating to refugees. CRA\u2019s limited institutional and organizational capacity is an obstacle\nto it fully assuming its coordination roles and responsibilities at inter-ministerial national and subnational\nlevels. CRA\u2019s reporting expertise also requires further enhancement and support.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census, although refugees and asylumseekers have always been registered by the CRA. UNHCR manages and updates the refugee database on\na regular basis and uses such figures for planning and advocacy for inclusion in national planning. While\nUNHCR supports the provision of basic health services, the mandatory national services such as tuberculosis\ntreatment, HIV programming, vaccination antigens, are meant to include refugees in the national planning\nprocess for quantifying medicines and commodities. The inclusion of refugee data in the national statistics\nplans would improve the quality of the health service delivery at primary and referral levels available to\nthem. Similarly, refugee data inclusion would be impactful in influencing the national sector development\nplans and related budgets and in facilitating the implementation of Government pledges. Refugee education\nneeds and data have been captured in the national Education Plan (ESO) by the Ministry of Education but\nhave not been translated into budgetary provisions.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nChapter V of the Refugee Act provides that refugees are issued with an identity document and shall be\nentitled to a travel document. Chapter IV states that asylum-seekers, further to their asylum application, shall\nbe issued with a temporary document valid for not less than 90 days. In effect, the asylum-seeker certificate\nis valid for one year. The Eligibility Regulations 2017 stipulate that CRA shall issue to every person granted\nrefugee status, and every member of his or her family aged sixteen and above, an individual identification\ndocument in the form of a refugee identity card. This card is valid for 3 years. The Regulations (Chapter\nVI, 52) set out the travel documentation application process. Most asylum-seekers and refugees in South\nSudan routinely avail themselves of the right to documentation.\n\n\nHowever, in practice, refugees and asylum-seekers face delays in document renewal, which results in\nsituations where asylum-seekers and refugees are no longer holding valid documentation. This may lead to\nincidents or instances where individuals can be denied access to some services or benefits.\n\n\nThe identification and documentation process for refugees and asylum seekers takes place outside the\nnational registration and documentation systems managed by the Department of Civil Registry, Nationality,\nPassports, and Immigration (DCRNPI), the national agency responsible for registration, identification and\ndocumentation.\n\n\n[The South Sudanese Civil Registry Act 2018 allows the recording and registration of life events occurring](http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/South-Sudan-Civil-Registry-Act-2018.pdf)\nin South Sudan relating to South Sudanese and alien residents. Provision 34 on Aliens grants everyone in\nSouth Sudan access to the civil registry system, including refugees and asylum-seekers. However, access to\ncivil registry documentation for refugees and asylum-seekers, specifically birth registration, remains largely\nunavailable due to the lack of Civil Registry Regulations, which increases the risk of statelessness for refugee\nchildren born in South Sudan. The absence of regulations hampers the implementation of the Act and the\nroll-out of the civil registration of life events by the competent authority in South Sudan. In addition, key\nDCRNPI departments and officers and a large number of police forces are unaware of the Civil Registry Act.\n\n\nIn practice, UNHCR and partners support access to birth notifications for refugee children born in the health\nfacilities in the camps. Birth notification serves to document a birth until a full birth registration system is\nimplemented by DCRNPI. UNHCR and partners support the Government, particularly local authorities in\nrefugee areas, with technical training and familiarization with the birth notification system. UNHCR further\nengages with the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) and other UN organizations on this matter as\nmembers of a working group that aims to operationalize the roll-out of the national civil registry system.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9949157238006592, - "start": 72, - "end": 75 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.686187744140625, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.9772914052009583, - "start": 77, - "end": 80 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee database", - "confidence": 0.9278918504714966, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7100971937179565, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee data", - "confidence": 0.9500893950462341, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nRefugees in South Sudan enjoy relatively stable security and protection from the local authorities and\nhost communities, with some reported issues of unwarranted arrests and/or detention, especially during\nmovement in and out of the camps. There is no systematic discrimination faced by refugees in South Sudan.\nBoth refugees and host communities face insecurity and problems of access to justice in the country, with\npoor judicial infrastructure for both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nAs identified by a Joint Assessment conducted by UNHCR, WFP and CRA in 2021, key physical protection\nconcerns relate to movement beyond the camps in search of livelihoods as well as gender-based violence\n(GBV). Efforts have been made by UNHCR, with the support of CRA, to work closely with the police to\nensure free and unhindered movement in and out of camps and to respond effectively to violations of rights,\nincluding gender-based violence issues. However, the limited presence of law enforcement officials and the\nincreased activities of armed groups, particularly in the Maban area, have aggravated human rights abuses\nand increased risks for refugees. Furthermore, the risks sometimes come from the law enforcement officials\nthemselves in the form of unwarranted or arbitrary arrest of refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR provides support to facilitate the presence of formal justice structures in refugee-hosting areas, i.e.,\nmobility, equipment, court houses, training, etc. UNHCR and partners also extend legal assistance and aid\nto refugees, asylum-seekers, and host communities.\n\n\nFormal and statutory courts have exclusive jurisdiction over criminal matters such as acts of vandalism, theft,\nassault, GBV and murder. Access to the formal justice system is, however, considerably limited by institutional\nweakness and absence of judicial organs in many refugee-hosting areas of the country. There are also incidents\nin which refugees and asylum-seekers suspected of crimes are detained indefinitely without access to a fair trial\nor formal charges, thereby perpetuating a culture of impunity that begets further criminality, in particular for GBV\nperpetrators. Crime prevention and response capacity as well as limited access to justice are serious concerns\nfor both refugees and nationals alike. Law enforcement officials have been unable to adequately address several\nworrying incidents affecting the most vulnerable refugees or asylum-seekers, particularly women and children.\n\n\nCustomary courts are authorized under South Sudanese law to adjudicate certain non-criminal disputes.\nHowever, the lack of formal judicial institutions results in customary courts adjudicating cases that are not\nwithin their jurisdiction. Limited access to formal justice is also hampered by understaffing, lack of resources\nand a lack of trained judges to effectively carry out their functions. The justice system is further derailed by\nprolonged investigation, negative attitudes towards the formal legal and due process, and fear of reprisal\ndue to lack of witness protection.\n\n\nUNHCR promotes the use of community-based structures, e.g. conflict resolution committees and\ncustomary courts as alternative ways for refugees and asylum-seekers to seek and obtain redress in noncriminal matters. Customary courts can be effective in addressing issues amongst communities of the same\nethnic groups. For inter-communal conflicts, which are on the increase, UNHCR observes the limitations of\nthe customary courts. Additionally, these courts are mostly dominated by males who tend to perpetuate\ndiscriminatory practices against women, notably on land and GBV issues.\n\n\nGBV is the main risk to the safety and security of refugees and is similarly faced by many South Sudanese\nand host communities. The Bill of rights in the Constitution calling for the rights and protection of citizens\n[and specific laws such as the South Sudan Child Act 2016; the Local Government Act 2011; the Penal Code](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83470/92194/F822057232/SDN83470.pdf)\n[2008;](https://docs.southsudanngoforum.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/Penal-Code-Act-South-Sudan-2008.pdf) [the Labour Act 2017;](http://mol.gov.ss/node/5) [the National Plan of Action for Children (NPAC)](https://slmesaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/NATIONAL-PLAN-OF-ACTION-FOR-CHILDREN-2016-2020-.pdf) pave the way for accountability,\nand fulfilment of children\u2019s rights in South Sudan. Most of these Acts penalize and criminalize sexual and\ngender offences in the country for all inhabitants, hence also supporting refugees. Other policies such as\nthe Gender Policy 2021-2026, and the Ministry of Gender, Child Social Welfare Gender Policy 2022, and\nstrategic plans 2022-2027, aim to promote the implementation of the laws in the Constitution as well as\ncoordination actions among the relevant entities in employing preventive and redress mechanisms.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE\n\n\nThe Government of South Sudan has ratified the relevant international conventions relating to human rights,\nwomen and children. South Sudan has a National Action Plan to improve the lives of women in South Sudan\nin line with United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1325. However, impunity regarding GBV and\nother human rights violations, coupled with minimal livelihood options, negatively impact women and girls,\nas documented during [49th Human Rights Council session.](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/A_HRC_49_CRP_4.pdf)\n\n\nPerpetrators of conflict-related sexual violence include community-based militias, civil defence groups\nand other armed elements. Survivors of such forms of violence struggle to access adequate medical and\nmental health care. In December 2020, the Judiciary of South Sudan declared the operationalization of\nthe country\u2019s first Gender-Based Violence and Juvenile Court in a commitment to ending impunity for GBV\ncrimes. However, the court only exists in Juba and the mobile courts that used to cover other State locations\nhave been discontinued due to funding shortages. In January 2021, the senior leadership of the Joint\nDefence Board signed an action plan for the armed forces on addressing conflict-related sexual violence\nin the country. The document aims to standardize efforts to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual\nviolence over a three-year period until December 2023.\n\n\nAbout 81 per cent of the total refugee population is women and children, who generally face significantly\nheightened risks of GBV including underaged and forced marriages, and female genital mutilation (FGM).\nBoth the Penal Code Act 2008 and the Child Act 2008 criminalize FGM and remain in force as per the\nTransitional Constitution. UNHCR and its protection partners support mechanisms that facilitate safe\nreporting, referral and specialized services to GBV survivors.\n\n\nUNHCR seeks to strengthen the resilience and capacity of communities \u2013 such as the Refugee or Community\nOutreach Volunteers (ROVs), self-managed women and youth committees, peace committees, camp\nmanagement groups \u2013 by reinforcing programmes and initiatives, as well as strategically engaging men\nand boys to enhance GBV prevention measures. These community-based interventions are instrumental\nin passing on information about services and programmes, providing insights into protection priorities and\nidentifying community-based solutions when appropriate, or referrals to specialized service providers.\n\n\nThe proposed Independent Children\u2019s Commission has not yet been established, which results in rather\ninefficient accountability mechanisms for the monitoring of violations of children rights. The capacity of\nthe civil society organizations to intervene and hold the Central Government accountable is weak, making\nit difficult for the authorities to take charge in promoting and defending the rights of children and other\ncitizens. Many often face a lack of human and financial resources and weak capacity.\n\n\nEnsuring the physical safety of refugees through adequate security infrastructure and maintaining the\ncivilian and humanitarian character of asylum remain major protection challenges especially in refugee\ncamps in the Upper Nile, Central Equatoria and Unity States. The ongoing conflict in Sudan between\nthe Government and the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) continues to shape the\ncharacter of asylum in camps and explains the presence of combatants among refugees facilitated by\nthe proximity of a porous border. Section 32 of the Regulations contains provisions on the screening of\ncombatants and armed elements at designated entry points and their processing should some of them\nwish to seek asylum. UNHCR developed relevant Standard Operating Procedures that CRA adopted\nin September 2019. Senior officials of ministries, directorates and security entities in Juba have been\nmade aware of their specific roles and responsibilities in that respect. Notwithstanding these efforts, the\nimplementation of the SOPs remains a challenge influenced by geopolitical and security factors beyond\nhumanitarian actors including HCR.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES\n\n### **3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nWhereas the Constitution only provides for citizens to enjoy freedom of movement and the Refugee Act fails\nto mention it, refugees do enjoy freedom of movement in practice. Neither the Act or any other law imposes\nany requirement or authorization for refugee movement and choice of place of residence.\n\n\nThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions had limited the movement of refugees in\nthe same manner as other citizens but all the measures have now been lifted. In certain camps however,\nCRA provides travel passes for those who wish to move to another location. There is no uniform practice or\nprotocol in the issuance of travel passes for refugees. This is mostly in camps far away from Juba, where the\nadministrative structures are not well-established or are non-existent, and its aim is to prevent arrest, since\nmost law enforcement personnel in these locations do not know about refugees\u2019 freedom of movement\nand the authenticity of refugee IDs. There are some reported incidents of detention of asylum-seekers by\nSouth Sudan immigration officers and Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officers mainly linked to nonpossession of documentation. Most often CRA intervenes and facilitates their release. UNHCR and partners\ngenerally enjoy the right to visit detained asylum-seekers and refugees. The Government and its partners,\nincluding UNHCR, are implementing activities to strengthen the monitoring and response to detention and\nto the risks of refoulement, including by supporting the presence of CRA at the airport.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nSection 33 (f) of the Refugee Act of 2012 provides that refugees have the right to seek employment. Refugees\nshall benefit from the most favourable treatment accorded to foreign residents under the applicable\nPassports and Immigration law. [Refugee Status Eligibility Regulations (2017)](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1404837/1930_1501589439_596cd1a34.pdf) Article 67 provides that any\nperson granted refugee status, and in possession of valid identity card issued by the Commissioner, shall\nbe entitled to seek employment.\n\n\nProcedures and principles regulating the employment of refugees shall be governed by the Ministry of\n[Labour in consultation with the Minister of Interior. The South Sudan Labour Act 2017, Chapter 2, Section 6,](http://mol.gov.ss/node/5)\nSubsection 3, prohibits any work-related discrimination against any person in South Sudan on the basis of\nrace, national extraction, tribe or place of origin, religion or political opinion, among other distinctions. Article\n8 on Equal Remuneration for Work of Equal Value states that every employee shall be entitled to equal\nremuneration for work of equal value.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Labour noted in its five-year (2021-2025) [Policy and Strategic Plan that there were challenges](https://mol.gov.ss/circulars-and-other-documents/ministry-labour-policy-and-strategic-plan-2021-2025)\nrelated to undeveloped policies. The fact that the Employment Act and the Labour Act Regulation are still in\ndraft forms is a major setback to the regulation of work in South Sudan, which does impact refugees.\n\n\nThere is no specific legislation relating to work permits for refugees. The Labour Act (2017), Section 46,\nstipulates that any foreigner/alien shall not be employed unless they have been issued a valid work permit\nagainst payment of a fee by the Ministry of Labour. This provision is applicable by default to refugees. The\npossession of a valid passport is one of the administrative requirements for all aliens to legalize their work\nstatus. However, as per Section 67(1) and (2) of the Refugee Status Eligibility Regulations (2017), the refugee\nID card should suffice. A refugee in possession of a valid identity card is entitled to seek employment as\nprovided for in Section 33 (f) of the Refugee Act. The provisions of other applicable laws regarding jobs and\nprofessions prohibited to foreigners shall be applicable to refugees. There is, however, no data available on\nthe refugees acquiring this document.\n\n\nThe labour market in South Sudan is characterized largely by unpaid work in subsistence agriculture\nand substantial engagement in the informal sector, and a lack of marketable skills, due to low levels of\npost-secondary opportunities in technical and vocational areas. There is no accurate data on refugees\u2019\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee IDs", - "confidence": 0.9787675142288208, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.925258457660675, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8374008536338806, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES\n\n\nemployment in the formal sector, despite jobs assessments and surveys having been conducted (Jobs\nand Labour Market Assessment by Relief International in Maban in 2021 and by Danish Refugee Council\nin Jamjang in 2019 and the 2021 World Bank-funded Jobs, Recovery and Peacebuilding in Urban South\nSudan study). These assessments revealed that an overwhelming majority of refugee businesses take place\ninformally across all sectors, largely driven by the lack of a functional county system for registration, a series\nof barriers affecting the establishment of businesses, and a lack of access to start-up capital and technical\nvocational or business skills, attributed in part to the unstable political-socio-economic environment.\n\n\nThe business registration procedures require the business person to register with the Ministry of Justice in\norder to obtain an incorporation, followed by registration with the Chamber of Commerce, the Ministry of\nFinance (National Revenue Authority) and the Ministry of Investment for Operational Licence among other\noffices. The [Registration of Business Names Act, 2008](https://ictpolicyafrica.org/en/document/vgortwpq1yb?page=6) allows anyone to register a business in South Sudan\nwithout any specificity in terms of nationality or status. However, the Registrar is entitled, as per section\n5, subsection 2 of the Act, to obtain all the identity documents of the individuals intending to register a\nbusiness in their name.\n\n\nArticle 12 of the Labour Act on Minimum Working Age states that a child aged 12 years may be engaged to\nperform light work and that a child under the age of 14 years cannot perform any work defined as the worst\nforms of work, which include all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as sale and trafficking of\nchildren, debt bondage and serfdom, forced or compulsory labour, and forced or compulsory recruitment of\nchildren for use in armed conflict; the use, procurement or offer of a child for prostitution, for the production\nof pornography or for pornographic performances; the use, procurement or offer of a child for illicit activities,\nin particular for the production and trafficking of drugs; and work, which by its nature is likely to harm the\nhealth, safety or morals of the child.\n\n\nNotwithstanding these provisions, there are reports of child labour. Economic hardship, unemployment\nand high poverty levels, exacerbated by conflict and intercommunal violence, continue to expose children\nto significant risks of child labour. Save the Children, one of UNHCR\u2019s partners, undertook a child labour\nassessment in the Maban refugee camps and host community. The preliminary findings reveal that in one\ncamp, three out of six children are out of school, engaging in either domestic or commercial work while in\nthe host community, the figure is three out of five children are. Girls aged 7-11 years are regularly engaged\nin domestic chores, which include fetching water and caring for siblings, while boys of the same age are\ninvolved in planting crops, cutting grass, fishing, producing charcoal and quarrying stones which they sell\nin the market for income. Older girls sell tea, bread and work in local markets and restaurants as waitresses\nand cleaners for an average of seven hours to raise income in addition to domestic work. Boys from age 12\nyears rear animals and fish for the same average hours of work.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners promote interventions which aim to reduce school attrition and any form of child\nlabour that is not considered light and to prevent the risks of engaging in transactional sex. These include\nraising awareness, providing safe spaces and recreational facilities with indoor/outdoor games, supporting\nfree primary and secondary education and promoting school feeding in collaboration with WFP to ensure\nschool retention, managing and supporting identified child protection cases, and providing cash and in-kind\ntargeted assistance including hygiene kits\n\n\nCertificates and diplomas held by refugees are recognized by South Sudan. Refugees holding driving\nlicences from their country of origin can be employed as drivers of ambulances and heavy road equipment\nin field UNHCR operations. From the time of independence from Sudan in 2011, South Sudan has been\nusing both the Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia education curricula respectively. The Ministry of General\nEducation and Instruction (MOGEI) announced the phasing-out of the foreign education curriculums in\n[schools, to be replaced with the country\u2019s national education curriculum. The decision is in line with the](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/general_education_act_2012.pdf)\n[General Education Act, 2012 Chapter IV, Article 12, which states that the Ministry shall establish a unified](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/general_education_act_2012.pdf)\nsecular curriculum for public and private schools. The change is also part of a resolution taken by the South\nSudan examination council \u2013 a body that manages and regulates exams in the country.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jobs\nand Labour Market Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9650151133537292, - "start": 18, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7298288941383362, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Relief International", - "confidence": 0.9122948050498962, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.53256756067276, - "start": 191, - "end": 193 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9554395079612732, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee businesses", - "confidence": 0.936621904373169, - "start": 64, - "end": 66 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nLand in South Sudan is mainly communally owned. The community leadership allocates land to the national\nGovernment, state Government and individuals. Access to land is regulated by the Land Act, 2009, which\nprovides for different land tenure categories. Schedule (C) (27) of the Constitution gives the States exclusive\nexecutive and legislative powers on regulation of land tenure, usage, and exercise of rights in land. According\nto Section 14, foreigners are prohibited from acquiring or holding freehold land in South Sudan but can\nlease it from individuals and communities. For any land sale or transfer of ownership, the Payam (second\nlowest administrative division), County and State Land offices require a South Sudan Nationality Certificate\nor Passport to prove citizenship. In addition to the freehold regime, the Land Act provides for customary and\nleasehold tenure systems that are inclusive for refugees. Section 68 of the Refugee Regulations stipulates\nthat any refugee shall not acquire or hold freehold land in South Sudan.\n\nRenting land for business and agriculture is quite common for nationals and foreigners. Due to limited resources,\nthere are few refugees renting land for agriculture, businesses and or other livelihood purposes. Refugees\u2019\naccess to land to facilitate their self-reliance is promoted through agriculture. Tenancy and lease agreements\nin principle require identification documents such as nationality certificates or national passports, which is an\nissue for refugees. CRA has negotiated land for farming, mainly agriculture production and livestock grazing,\nby refugees from the local leaderships and communities of the refugee-hosting areas. The latter are in general\nwilling to allocate additional land when needed. This land negotiation and advocacy takes place every year\naccording to the needs of the different refugee-hosting locations. The land is not given under a tenancy or\nlease but in exchange for material support provided by UNHCR and partners to host communities.\n\nThe Transitional Constitution 2011 spells out, under Article 28 (1), the right for any person to acquire or own\nproperty. The Refugee Act 2012, Section 33 (c), states that \u201ca refugee shall enjoy full legal protection\u201d, which\nincludes the rights set out in the Bill of Rights including the right to acquire or own property. In addition, any\nrefugee residing outside a designated refugee camp, as a tenant, may legally acquire or dispose of his or\nher occupancy or leasehold interests in land, as generally provided for to aliens under applicable laws of\nSouth Sudan. No data is available on individual property owned by refugees\n\n\nThe Land Policy bill 2022 is awaiting final reviews and submission to the cabinet and subsequently to\nthe parliament for enactment. The Land regulation is awaiting endorsement by the Ministry of Justice and\nConstitutional Affairs. The land policy the housing policy bills could be applied to refugees and asylumseekers provided that they have the resources/finances to enable them to meet the expenses involved,\nespecially in the category of non-citizens, which enables them to lease.\n\n\nThere are significant gaps in the policies and regulations governing land, property and housing issues that\nthe Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs is struggling to address as a result of limited operational\ncapacity, aggravated by a high staff turnover due to remuneration issues. Consequently, the Ministry\nlacks capacity and expertise to work on policies and to guide the whole policy formulation. The lack of\nproper institutional linkages between the State ministries and the national ministry pose a challenge for\nthe coordination of the land and housing issues and for the State to implement the policies that should be\nformulated at central level.\n\n\nMost refugees who live in refugee camps and settlements rely on UNHCR and its partners for their shelter\nneeds. Refugees in urban areas use their own resources to cater for their accommodation and shelter needs.\nSocial housing started in Juba around 2012 but was ruined by the subsequent conflicts of 2013 and 2016.\nThe conflicts led to encroachment by the community, which took over the land and destroyed the 19 units\ncompleted initially in Juba, hence returning the Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban Development to square\none. The ministry has contracted another company to resume the construction in the same area in Juba\nwith the low-cost housing units, but this is yet to be realized as access to the land has been made difficult\nby the community. One of the notable achievements of the ministry is the completion of a housing project\nfunded by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHABITAT) in Wau for wounded veterans.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES\n\n\nThe ministry has a plan to construct 5,000 units of housing in the 10 states and 3 administrative areas mainly\ntargeting returnees and vulnerable persons among others. The Ministry believes that refugees could also\nhave access to these housing units, provided that they fulfil the requirements for access to the houses. The\nministry has made a presentation of this project to the National Technical Committee on durable solutions\nfor South Sudan entailing what is involved and encouraging partners to support the initiative.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nSouth Sudan\u2019s financial sector continues to suffer from the consequences of years of war and showed\nreverse trends in recovery, with negative real private sector credit growth, during the first three quarters\nof FY2020/21, reflecting acute market exchange rate depreciation and soaring inflation. There are no\nformal financial services available to refugees. Credit available to refugees is predominantly informal and\nobtained from village savings loan associations, friends, family and relatives. Due to the limited presence of\nfinancial services providers, refugees and host communities have poor access to formal financial services\nand predominantly rely on cash to conduct transactions. Only 13 per cent of the South Sudan population is\nreported to own a bank account according to the World Bank. National financial institutions and banks can\nrestrict access to their services when presented with refugee identification documents that that they are not\nfamiliar with or do not consider to be valid documents.\n\n\nMobile penetration is low at only 15 per cent across the country. Data from [Global System for Mobile](https://www.gsma.com/)\n[Communications (GSMA)](https://www.gsma.com/) Intelligence shows that there were 3.27 million cellular mobile connections in South\nSudan at the start of 2022. SIM swapping is common, as there is no enforced ID requirement for obtaining\n[a SIM. In 2019 South Sudan introduced two mobile money payment systems, M-Gurush and NilePay, which](https://mgurush.com/)\nallow refugees to access mobile money. Scaling up mobile money services is challenging because of the\npoor quality of the connectivity, limited access to mobile phone ownership, technology illiteracy and the\npreference of refugees for physical money.\n\n\nMobile network coverage is limited to the major towns in South Sudan, cutting out a large chunk of the population\nin far and hard-to-reach areas, thus leaving many refugees with limited connectivity coverage. Ongoing conflicts\nand limited access to parts of the country have made it extremely difficult to find accurate data on mobile\ncoverage and accessibility. Although there has seemingly been a growth in the popularity of Internet services,\npopulation displacements, destruction of telecommunications infrastructure, inflation and economic spending\ncuts have discouraged investment in the telecommunications infrastructure, thus hampering its expansion.\n\n### **4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe 2012 Refugee Act allows refugees to access basic services, including education, on the same terms\nas host communities. The Transitional Constitution (2011) includes the right to education for every citizen.\nArticle 29 (2) says: \u201cAll levels of government shall promote education at all levels and shall ensure free and\ncompulsory education at the primary level; they shall also provide free illiteracy eradication programmes.\u201d\n\n\n[The General Education Act 2012,](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/general_education_act_2012.pdf) [the National General Education Policy, 2017-2027](https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/general-education-strategic-plan-2017-2022-south-sudan) [and the South Sudan](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PHZQ0iyPjf8lWZqV-Q8pL4T9TTHv9lla/view)\n[Vision 2040 are the major enabling education policies. Despite the many obstacles likely to impede the](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PHZQ0iyPjf8lWZqV-Q8pL4T9TTHv9lla/view)\nimplementation of the plan \u2013 effective implementation of Competency Based Curriculum, improvement of\npublic examination, teacher management, digital learning and transformation, safe and healthy schools and\nfinancing education \u2013 the Ministry of General Education and Instruction (MoGEI) is committed to advancing\nthe vision of quality education for all, regardless of sex, ethnicity or socioeconomic status, whose objective\nis to provide learners with opportunities for self- development and to contribute to an economically strong,\n[peaceful South Sudan. This is in line with the goal set forward in South Sudan Vision 2040, \u201cto build an](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PHZQ0iyPjf8lWZqV-Q8pL4T9TTHv9lla/vi)\neducated and informed nation\u201d by providing quality education for all., which is accessible and equitable, of\ngood quality, efficient and relevant and in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 4.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES\n\n\nThe Government of the Republic of South Sudan has taken several steps to include refugees in the national\n[education system \u2013 key among them being South Sudan signing the Djibouti Declaration on Refugee and](https://igad.int/increasing-the-accessibility-of-the-djibouti-declaration-on-refugee-education-in-igad-member-states/)\n[Returnee Education in 2017. South Sudan committed to take collective responsibility to ensure that every](https://igad.int/increasing-the-accessibility-of-the-djibouti-declaration-on-refugee-education-in-igad-member-states/)\nrefugee, returnee and member of host communities has access to quality education; to integrate refugees\nin national education policies, strategies, programmes and plans of action and systems; to establish a\ncommittee of education to oversee the implementation of all agreed standards, policy instruments and\nframeworks for education for refugees and returnees; and to adopt and implement a multi-year costed\naction plan on education of refugees, returnees and members of host communities. In 2019, South Sudan\npledged to increase access to quality education for refugees and host communities and reduce the out-ofschool children rate by 2024, reaffirming its global commitment on education\n\n\nAs of December 2021, 147,911 refugees (73,256 Female and 74,655 male) were enrolled in pre-primary\nto university education in South Sudan. There has been an improvement in the enrolment and retention\nof refugee learners in all levels of education over the last few years. However the enrolment rate for\nrefugees remains below the national rates across the board (Early Childhood Development (ECD): 52 per\ncent for refuges versus 55 per cent for nationals; primary: 78 per cent versus 88 per cent; and secondary:\n57 per cent versus 60 per cent). Access to and quality of education for refugees were enhanced from\n2015 to 2021 through the construction of 41 schools (591 classrooms) and the employment of 877 teachers.\nHowever, the ratio of teachers to students remains well above international standards at 1:123. In some\nlocations, refugees are required to pay more than local students (up to three time more per term in some\nschools) which should not be the case.\n\n\nWhereas South Sudan has an enabling policy environment, the lack of resources and investment in refugee\nand host-community education means that the majority of refugees are served by a parallel system of\neducation. UNHCR and the Lutheran World Federation are responsible for school governance and\nmanagement, providing 100 per cent of the resources required for education services in the refugee camps.\nThe MoGEI provides policy guidance and technical oversight.\n\n\n[The 2014 National Inclusive Education Policy position paper](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/en/2014/national-inclusive-education-policy-2014-policy-position-paper-achieving-education-all-children) emphasizes the needs for schools to\naccommodate and provide specialized services to all children, regardless of their physical, intellectual,\nsocial, emotional, linguistic or other conditions. This includes disabled and gifted children, street and\nworking children, children from remote or nomadic populations, children from linguistic, ethnic or cultural\nminorities and children from other disadvantaged or marginalized areas or groups. Refugees are not explicitly\n[mentioned but may be considered under other disadvantaged or marginalized groups. The 2012 General](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/en/2012/laws-south-sudan-general-education-act-2012-act-no-30-6376)\n[Education Act recognizes that some learners have special education needs requiring specific provisions so](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/en/2012/laws-south-sudan-general-education-act-2012-act-no-30-6376)\nthat they can learn to the best of their abilities. However, in practice these learners have hardly any access\nto education due to lack of facilities and obstacles linked to poverty, language, gender or culture.\n\n\nIn accordance with the Higher Education Act 2012, the Ministry\u2019s mandate is to ensure that higher\neducation is accessible, affordable and equitable, in order to build an informed and educated nation. This\napplies to all, including refugees. They are eligible to attend higher education, especially those who have\ncompleted secondary education in South Sudan. Despite the lack of consistent statistics, MoGEI believes\nthat all refugee students who have completed their secondary studies in South Sudan are able to attend\nhigher institutions though some conditions apply, such as a small payment. CRA facilitates the enrolment\nof refugees in South Sudan Universities by issuing letters of non-objection and in order to avoid rejected\nadmission for those who possess education certificates issued in their country of origin. However, both\nrefugee and host communities have difficulty accessing tertiary education because of the limited number of\npublic universities in the country and because most of them are concentrated in Juba due to the prevailing\ninsecurity in other parts of country.\n\n\nDespite inclusion policies, children with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities or other impairments have\nvery limited access to educational opportunities, Barriers to education for these children include the\ndistance to the schools and their accessibility, negative attitudes of other learners and other persons they\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.8853378295898438, - "start": 673, - "end": 674 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MoGEI", - "confidence": 0.9923878908157349, - "start": 675, - "end": 676 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9902091026306152, - "start": 665, - "end": 667 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7048200964927673, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.980398952960968, - "start": 679, - "end": 681 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES\n\n\ninteract with, and lack of teacher experience. Efforts are made by the Government and other actors to foster\ninclusive education. The school attendance rate is 24 per cent for disabled refugee children and 21 per\ncent for host community and the majority are enrolled in the mainstream education system. MoGEI plans\nto designate one functional Government school in each Payam, as a model school for inclusive education.\n\n\nPriority actions in the education sector aim to increase access for refugees and returnees across the\neducation spectrum, to recruit more teachers and support their development, to finalize the development of\nthe Regional Qualification Framework, to improve the safety of the learning environments, and to establish\nfacilities and the training of teachers for the delivery of special education services. Strengthening the\ninstitutional capacity of education-governing entities is equally critical.\n\n\nThe education-governing ministries, the MoGEI and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and\nTechnology (MoHEST), have limited capacity to plan, coordinate and provide oversight for effective\nmanagement of the education system. This prevents these ministries from effectively addressing the\nsystemic challenges, including attracting, preparing, and managing qualified teachers. These limitations,\ncoupled with the high reliance of the education sector on non-governmental partners has led to fragmented\ninterventions and inefficient use of resources. As the Government assumes a more prominent role in service\ndelivery, investment in its capacity for planning and implementing education reform to ensure sustained\nimprovements in education outcomes of the country\u2019s children is critical. The National Costed Action Plan\nfor the Implementation of the Djibouti Declaration requires funding to support the progressive transition of\nthe governance and management of refugee schools to the public system, the remuneration of teachers\nand other school running costs, and the coverage of examination and assessment fees.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nThe Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan (2005) recognizes health services as a\nbasic human right to be respected (article 31). It emphasizes improved health-care delivery, an improved\nHealth Information System (HIS), good governance and an increased health budget aligned to priorities.\n[The policy on health service delivery (2016-2026) focuses on universal health services coverage for](https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/south_sudan/south_sudan_national_health_policy_2016_to_2025_2.pdf)\nall communities through effective, affordable and comprehensive delivery of health service packages.\nHowever, the national public health policy does not disaggregate beneficiaries, including refugees, and\nasylum-seekers. Paragraph 33 (g) of the Refugee Act provides that refugees shall be entitled to the same\nbasic health services as those received by nationals.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners are striving to provide comprehensive primary health-care services including\noutpatient consultation, emergency admission, referral, reproductive health, laboratory, mental and nutrition\nservices, among others. UNHCR has also strengthened coordination with development agencies to address\nthe funding gaps and expand primary health services including outreach preventive programmes, antimalaria interventions, supply of essential and other related medicines. Refugees and asylum-seekers are\nable to access public health facilities, where these are available, including services such as extended\nimmunization, TB/HIV programming and related initiatives. These services can be obtained by refugees and\nasylum seekers for free. However, there is a need for more advocacy to have Government policy revision\nand inclusion of refugees in the free services to which nationals are entitled\n\n\nThe Ministry of Health (MOH) policy outlines the strengthening of partnership and a collaborative approach\nfor the delivery of health services aligned with national health programme development priorities. Though\nnot specifically highlighted in the policy, refugee women and girls access sexual and reproductive health\nservices at public health facilities for a fee, which is fully covered by UNHCR. These services include prenatal\ncare, skilled delivery, postnatal care, vaccination for the mother and infants, family planning methods, and\nelective caesarean section support, among others.\n\n\nThe policy objective on health-care leadership, governance and financing requires adequate health-care\nfinancing to ensure universal coverage. However, the existing health-care policies do not specify enrolment\n\n\n16 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES\n\n\nin the packages of the national public health insurance system for nationals or refugees. The national\ninsurance scheme is not implemented in full even for nationals and the Government\u2019s spending on universal\nhealth care shows a decreasing trend over the years. As the funding support to MOH from [the Health](https://hpfsouthsudan.org/)\n[Pooled Fund](https://hpfsouthsudan.org/) (HPF) is decreasing, health services of the national facilities including at secondary and tertiary\nlevel are negatively impacted.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe development of the South Sudan National Social Protection Policy Framework (NSPPF) in 2016 by\nthe Government can be considered an important step in the country\u2019s social protection response. This\nFramework was developed by the Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare (MoGCSW) which is the\nlead Ministry mandated with social protection, with technical and financial support from the World Bank and\nUNICEF.\n\n\nThe NSPPF envisages a national social protection system with strong coordination and a range of social\nprotection programmes for the most vulnerable, putting the emphasis on reducing the risk for the \u201cpoor and\nvulnerable\u201d. However there is no clear definition on the level of poverty, no indication on how poverty is\ndefined and no distinction between the geographical locations (rural or urban). The policy focuses on noncontributory, unconditional social protection aiming for a lifecycle approach to social protection (children,\nelderly, people with disabilities, ex-combatants); in-kind benefits (school feeding); fee waivers (scholarships\nfor girls); subsidies (agricultural inputs); and conditional cash transfers (public works).\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s capacity to design, implement and coordinate an effective social protection programme\nin South Sudan remains limited. Following its launch in 2016, some technical work to assess the sector-wide\nprovision was carried out and assistance to operationalize the NSPPF was provided, mostly through the\nsupport of the social protection partners. Key social protection programmes include the Safety Net and Skill\nDevelopment Project, financed by the World Bank, and the South Sudan Safety Nets Project. The FCDOfinanced Building Resilience through Asset Creation Programme Phase II and the WFP food for assets,\nschool feeding and urban social safety net programmes.\n\n\nIn 2019 MoGCSW completed [the frst-ever national mapping of social protection initiatives which was](https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/media/3251/file/South%20Sudan%20National%20Social%20Protection%20Mapping.pdf)\nprepared in partnership with UNICEF. Seven programmes were selected for inclusion in the mapping, all\nnon-contributory social protection schemes. Among the seven selected programmes (Safety Net and Skills\nDevelopment Project, South Sudan Safety Nets Project, Building Resilience through Asset Creation Phase\nII, Food for Assets, Urban Safety Nets, Girls\u2019 Education South Sudan and the School Feeding Programme),\ndifferent eligibility criteria in determining the beneficiaries and target groups are observed. In all of the\nprogrammes, with the exception of the School Feeding Programme, while there is no clear emphasis on\ncitizenship and nationality for eligibility, and asylum-seekers and refugees are not explicitly mentioned as\ntarget groups. Nevertheless in the absence of a clear reference to South Sudanese nationality as an eligibility\ncriteria, it is considered that refugees and asylum-seeker are included in the national social protection\nresponse, when such interventions are provided.\n\n\n[In the Revised National Development Strategy 2021\u20132024, social protection and social safety nets have](https://nbs.gov.ss/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/South-Sudan-NDS_Print-14-June-2022.pdf)\ndefined some of the priority areas. The document identified limited coverage and access to quality social\nservices as issues to be addressed. The Strategy further listed the establishment of a hierarchy of social\nsafety nets, disaster response for the vulnerable, multidimensional poverty index, social security, pension\nand future generation funds as actions to be prioritized. It also states that some social protection and social\nsafety net programmes are to be delivered in partnership with South Sudan\u2019s development partners. In\naddition, it pledged to strengthen the Government-led National Social Protection Working Group (NSPWG).\nThe Working Group is the primary body for government and non-government stakeholders to discuss\ntechnical and policy aspects of social protection, build consensus on policy and programmatic issues, and\ncoordinate to avoid duplication of efforts. The revised Strategy acknowledged that, despite a policy and\nefforts in implementing social protection programmes, these programmes are still in their infancy. Therefore,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 ACCESS TO NATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICES\n\n\nthe Strategy tasked the Ministry of Labour to explore the feasibility of introducing contributory social\nprotection and social security programmes.\n\n\nAs such, the implementation of the Government-led NSPPF of 2016 remains at an embryonic stage, as social\n[protection activities are almost exclusively financed by donors](https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/sites/unicef.org.southsudan/files/2019-12/UNICEF-South-Sudan-Social-Protection-Briefing-Note-Dec-2019.pdf) and the operational context in South Sudan\nlimits the scope of [social policy initiatives. The National Development Strategy similarly recognizes the lag in](https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/sites/unicef.org.southsudan/files/2019-12/UNICEF-South-Sudan-Social-Protection-Briefing-Note-Dec-2019.pdf)\nimplementation of the policy and the fact that there is very little coordination among those providing social\nprotection and social safety net programmes.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nParagraph 36 of the Refugee Act provides that unaccompanied children must be assisted in applying for\nasylum and that legally appointed guardians would ensure that their best interests are met. The Act urges\nCRA the expedite asylum procedures in the same way for persons with disabilities, detainees, victims of\ntrauma and torture and all other vulnerable persons. The Act does not provide for any further specific\nprotection measures.\n\n\nRefugees falling under the vulnerable category and having special needs, in particular persons\nwith disabilities, older persons, refugees living with chronic illnesses, women and children who have\nexperienced abuse and traumas, are prioritized for support ranging from cash assistance, livelihood,\nshelter and others. Deliberate efforts by UNHCR and partners are directed to measures and safeguards\nfor the protection of women and children in refugee settlements and camps, to improve the response to\nGBV, and the institutional capacity of responsible institutions is being strengthened. However, survivors\nare often unable to access essential services such as health, psychosocial support and justice due to poor\ninfrastructure and lack of resources. Access to quality maternal health care is limited and compounded by\nthe scarcity of water and sanitation services.\n\n\nGBV is endemic in South Sudan and the country has some of the worst GBV records, with dire consequences\n[for women, girls, and children, according to the UN Commission on Human Rights. Rape of women and girls](https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114312)\nis widespread and perpetrated with quasi-systemic impunity. GBV is a human rights violation which affects\nall segments of society including persons with specific needs. Government initiatives to address sexual\nviolence in conflict, including establishing a special court and holding military justice proceedings, remains\ninadequate, as reported by [the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan.](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/A_HRC_49_CRP_4.pdf)\n\n\nHuman trafficking in South Sudan is also quite prevalent. Various forms of internal and transnational\ntrafficking in persons (TiP) are perpetrated, including forced recruitment by armed forces and armed\ngroups, forced marriage, domestic servitude, sexual and labour exploitation. Women are the key targets\nof traffickers, most often for sexually exploitation. Additionally, reports establish that unaccompanied or\norphaned children are exposed to a heightened risk of trafficking and other forms of sexual exploitation.\nFor example, unaccompanied children in refugee camps or internally displaced children are particularly in\ndanger of traffickers abducting them.\n\n\nChildren in South Sudan are exposed to serious protection risks including killing and maiming, child\nrecruitment, attacks against schools, rape and other forms of sexual violence, abduction and denial of\nhumanitarian access. Unaccompanied and separated children, child heads of households, children with\ndisabilities with limited assistive support, are among the most at risk. The situation is compounded by\nlimited access to education, lack of documentation, especially birth certificates, and food insecurity (food\nrations have been reduced by 50 per cent since the beginning of 2021), exposing children to severe\nmalnutrition. Refugee children in South Sudan are also engaged in child labour, despite the prohibition\nprescribed in the Labour Act.\n\n\nOn 7 February 2020, all parties to [the Revitalized Peace Agreement for the Resolution of the Confict](https://docs.pca-cpa.org/2016/02/South-Sudan-Peace-Agreement-September-2018.pdf)\n[in South Sudan (R-ARCSS) signed a Comprehensive Action Plan to end and prevent all grave violations](https://docs.pca-cpa.org/2016/02/South-Sudan-Peace-Agreement-September-2018.pdf)\n\n\n18 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5 CROSS SECTORS\n\n\nagainst children. A Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting (CTFMR) works jointly with UNMISS in\nSouth Sudan. It is mandated to manage, report and verify all Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM)\nincident reports and grave violations, and to build monitoring and reporting capacity on through its MRM\nSpecialist. The National Task Force supports advocacy, identifies and facilitates the release of children\nassociated with armed groups, and enhances the knowledge and capacity and of parties to the conflict\non international standards.\n\n### **5 CROSS SECTORS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThere are inadequacies in terms of gender-related policies and their implementation in many aspects.\nThe most significant, which affect South Sudanese women and girls, relate to the socioeconomic sphere\nand housing, land and property rights. Women and girls are entitled to inherit the acquired property of a\ndeceased relative, including that of parents, pursuant to Article 13(4) of the Land Act 2009.\n\n\nAlthough the land-related laws comply with the regional and international legal frameworks protecting\nwomen\u2019s rights, their implementation is weak. In addition, some customary laws applicable to specific\ncommunities often prevent women from actually accessing land. Despite legal provisions, women\u2019s rights to\nland remain largely conditional upon their marital or childbearing status. As the number of women-headed\nhouseholds has been increasing since December 2013, a growing number of women lack the security of\ntenure necessary to achieve sustainable livelihoods and durable solutions. There is inadequate access to\njustice for women due to inefficient land dispute resolution mechanisms.\n\n\nPractical barriers to refugee girls\u2019 enrolment and traditional gender norms result in families prioritizing the\neducation of boys over girls. In addition, women and girls have limited access to health services because of\nthe domestic responsibilities that are overwhelmingly assigned to them. They often do not have the material\ntime to walk long distances to health facilities or to wait in long queues. Access is even more problematic for\npregnant women or those with young children. Women and girls face similar obstacles in access to justice\nand seeking redress.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nUnder South Sudan\u2019s national legislative framework, refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy the right to access\nemployment and essential services, such as health and education, through national systems. However,\nin practice, refugees and the communities that host them remain dependent on humanitarian assistance\nto meet their basic needs and have limited access to education, health, water, sanitation and hygiene\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N** 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5 CROSS SECTORS\n\n\n(WASH), livelihood opportunities, and other services. Local governance structures in refugee-hosting\nareas face a lack of funding, delayed salary payments, prolonged staff absences, poor infrastructure and\ncapacity challenges, and remain largely reliant on UNHCR and other humanitarian partners for financial\nand technical inputs.\n\n\nAfter years of refugee presence and due to a very dire socioeconomic situation resulting from prolonged\nconflict in the country, the refugee and host communities are competing over scarce resources and\noverburdened social sector services (health, education, and WASH).\n\n\n20 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **S O U T H S U D A N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54b8aca2-8218-4e6a-a493-afcdbdd35766/FNAL%20RPRF%20South%20Sudan%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_394/raw/doc_394_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_394/raw/doc_394_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 07aab2117f0aa7ac0a3934636743119ba1692ad0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_394/raw/doc_394_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "^(\u001c\u0013\u0019\u000f\ufffd\u0012\u001d\ufffd\u000f\u0016\u001f\u000f\ufffd\n\n\n-./0101123456247869524:4;69701.4<4=>86?8014<4;1@8A/74<4B/>C595D1\n\n# EF\u0007\u0001\u000bG\u0007\ufffdG\u0007\u0005\ufffd,\u0004\n\u0004HI\u0004\u0003\u0002\u0007\n\u0005\n\n\nJ\u0007KI\u0002\u0005\ufffdLMNOP\ufffd\u0003FQR\u0004S\u0002TI\u0007\ufffd\u0003 \b\u0002\n\u0007\ufffd\u0007\u0005\b\ufffdG\u0007U\u0007\nI\u0007\ufffd\u0003 \ufffd\u0005VW\n\u0007\ufffdG\u0007\ufffd\u0003FI\n\u0007\ufffdG\u0007\u0005\n\n\nK\u0003I\u0005\ufffdXS\nG\u0007\u0005\ufffdVS\u0002\u0005\u0007\u0005\ufffdG\u0007\ufffdG\u0004K\u0003 V\u0007R\u0007\n\b\ufffd I\ufffdR\u000b\nG\u0007Y\ufffdZ\u0013\u0014\u000f\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd\u001d\u000e\r\u001c\u000f\ufffd\u0016\u001f\u000f\n\n\n\u0016\u0015\u000e[\u000f\u0018\ufffd\u0013\u0012\u000f\ufffd\\\u0019\u001f\u0019!\u0014\u0019\u0013\u001c\u0012\u001f\u000f\ufffd%\r\u001f\u001d\u001c\u001f\u0014\u0012\u001f\u001d\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd'\u0014\u001c\u001d\u001d\u0012\u000e\ufffd\u0013\u0012\u0014\u000e\ufffd\u001a\r\u0017\u0012\u000e\ufffd\u0015\r\u0014\u000e\n\n\n\u0019%$\u0016\u0015\u0015\u0012\u000e\ufffd&\ufffd\u0013\u0016\ufffd \u001c\r\u0013\u0012\u001f%\u0012\ufffd\u0012\u001d\ufffd&\ufffd\u0013#\u001c\u001f\u000f\u0019%\u0014\u000e\u001c\u001d\u0019\u0018\ufffd\u0016\u001c\u001f\u000f\u001c\ufffd'\u0014#\u0016\u0014\ufffd\u001e\u0016\u001f'\u0014\u0012\ufffd\u0011\u0012\n\n\n\u0019\u0011\u001c%\u0016\u001e\u0012\u001f\u001d\u000f\u0018\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd\u001f\r\u0014\u000e\u000e\u001c\u001d\u0014\u000e\u0012\ufffd\u0012\u001d\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd\u000f\u0012\u000e \u001c%\u0012\u000f\ufffd\u0012\u000f\u000f\u0012\u001f\u001d\u001c\u0012\u0013\u000f)]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8490fcff-2132-32e9-aa82-c9a3f4f4a3fd/FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufffd\ufffd\u0002\u0003\ufffd\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\u0007\n\ufffd\u0005\u0002\ufffd\u000b\ufffd\u0003\f\u0003\u0005\r\ufffd\u000e\u0002\u000f\u0010\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd\u0013\n\u0014\ufffd\u0004\u0005\u0002\u0002\u0005\u0015\u0016\u0010\ufffd\u0011\u0012\ufffd\u0017\u0018\u0019\u000f\u001a\u0005\u0018\u0010\ufffd\u0012\r\ufffd\u0011\u0012\n\n\n\u0004\u0005\u001a\u0017\u0003\u0016\r\u0010\ufffd\f\u0018\u0016\u0018\u001b\u000f\u0018\u0002\u0005\u0012\u0016\u0010\ufffd\u0011\u0003\u0016\u0010\ufffd\u0002\u0012\ufffd\u0004\u0015\u0016\u0011\u0012\u001c\ufffd\u001d\u001e\u001f !\"#!$%&'! 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deleted file mode 100644 index 6e8e25da3f7a0f5c8cb47a228b4db2518e2d0aa2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_395/raw/doc_395_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **It is time to act together:**\n##### Durable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is time to act together: 1\nDurable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia\n\n\n##### Introduction\n\nColombia faces one of the world's most complex humanitarian challenges with\nhope. With over 8.8 million people registered as internally displaced\u00b9, the\ncountry ranks fourth globally in terms of the highest number of affected\nindividuals, representing more than 10% of the global total\u00b2. Despite this,\nColombia has significant precedents, opportunities, and capacities to\ntransform this reality and build a more dignified future for those forced to flee.\n\n\nAlthough progress has been made, the majority of victims of forced\ndisplacement continue to live in conditions of vulnerability, marked by poverty\nand the persistence of armed conflict and violence in various regions of the\ncountry. Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in 2016, more than 1.5\nmillion people have been displaced, highlighting the urgent need to intensify\nefforts to ensure sustainable peace, acknowledge the multiple causes of this\nphenomenon, and address them with innovative approaches.\n\n\nInternal displacement remains a critical issue, particularly for indigenous and\nafrocolombian communities, who face greater risks within the conflict and\nincreased vulnerability to the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss.\nBetween 2022 and 2024, 80% of mass displacement cases occurred in\nindigenous and afrocolombian territories.\n\n\nInternal displacement disproportionately affects women, children, and\nadolescents. Women head 80.6% of displaced households, facing multiple\nchallenges in securing their livelihoods and supporting their families.\nAdditionally, displaced children face significant barriers to their development\nand access to fundamental rights due to the presence of non-state armed\nactors and the risks of recruitment, use, and exploitation in their communities.\n\n\nOvercoming this crisis requires durable solutions that restore the dignity of\naffected communities, reduce inequalities, and guarantee their rights.\nRebuilding territories and livelihoods is not only an institutional challenge but\nalso a collective commitment involving civil society, the private sector, the\nUnited Nations, and international cooperation in pursuit of equity, justice, and\nColombia\u2019s future.\n\n\n###### **Key figures**\n\n\n#### **8.8**\n###### **million** **people**\n\n\n\n\n\nregistered as internally displaced, of which 7\nmillion people are recipients of assistance.\n\n\n#### **1.5**\n###### **million** **people**\n\n\n\n\n\nInternally displaced persons since the\nPeace Agreement (2016).\n\n\n#### **80%**\n###### **of forced** **displacements**\n\n\n\n\n\noccurred in ethnic territories between\n2022 and 2024.\n\n#### **80.6%**\n\n\n###### **of displaced** **households**\n\n\n\n\n\nare led by women.\n\n\n\n\n - Victim\u2019s Unit\n** data.acnur.org\n*** IV National Verification Survey on the Rights of\nthe Displaced Population in Colombia, CODHES.\n1. Victim\u2019s Unit. Colombia, November 2024.\n2. Global Trends report, UNHCR, 2024.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is time to act together: 2\nDurable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia\n\n##### Durable solutions require joint efforts\n\n\nDurable solutions are achieved when displaced people no\nlonger require assistance or protection due to their\ndisplacement and can enjoy their human rights without\ndiscrimination, fully integrated into their host communities\u00b3.\nThis process aims to restore their dignity, autonomy, and\nability to actively participate in decision-making, thus\nensuring their inclusion and well-being.\n\n\nThe United Nations Secretary-General's agenda to promote\nglobal responses to internal displacement situations drives\nthe Internal Displacement Solutions Fund (IDSF), led by the\nSpecial Adviser on Forced Displacement, Robert Piper. The\nIDSF supports 15 countries in implementing sustainable\nsolutions that address the structural causes of\ndisplacement, highlighting the need for a comprehensive\napproach to prevent future crises and assist those already\ndisplaced.\n\n\n\nThe fund's central approach is to offer durable solutions that\nfocus on the rights, needs, and capacities of internally\ndisplaced persons, always under strong government\nleadership and with the active collaboration of new actors,\nsuch as the private sector and the media.\n\n##### One team\n\n\nThe IDSF is a joint program involving the National\nGovernment, territorial governments, and agencies of the\nUnited Nations system.\n\n\nLeading entities at the national level:\n\n\nUN Agencies:\n\n\n3. IASC Framework on Durable Solutions, 2010.\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/ Catalina Betancur.2022\n\n\nInitial implementation municipalities:\n\n\n\n\n\nQuibd\u00f3\n\nBogot\u00e1\n\n\n(Choc\u00f3)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCali\n\n\n\nTumaco\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFocalized microterritories: Cali, Medell\u00edn, Bogot\u00e1, Buenaventura,\nQuibd\u00f3, Tumaco, Florencia, Alto And\u00e1gueda, and Mapirip\u00e1n.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is time to act together: 3\nDurable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia\n\n##### IDSF in Colombia\n\n\n\nThe main focus of the IDSF is to support the National\nGovernment and territorial governments in\nstrengthening their pathways toward durable solutions\nthrough four key components:\n\n\n\nImplementation period:\nFebruary 2024 \u2013 June 2025 (17 months)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Urban settlement of internally displaced population: Granizal, municipality of Bello, Antioquia, Colombia, 2024.\n\n\n##### Progress of the IDSF in Colombia\n\nDuring its implementation between 2023 and 2024, the IDSF in\nColombia has achieved the following progress:\n\n\n1. Design and Implementation of the National Strategy\nfor Durable Solutions\n\n\nA draft of the CONPES public policy document has\nbeen developed, aiming to:\n\n\nContribute to transforming the life projects of people affected\nby forced displacement in Colombia, enabling them to achieve\ndurable solutions through the effective enjoyment of rights.\nThis includes promoting their social and economic inclusion\nand ensuring sustainable opportunities for their integration\ninto host or return communities. The implementation follows a\nterritorial approach that upholds the rights of the population by\nimproving the overall context in which they live and enhancing\nthe quality of life for displaced households.\n\n\n\nRecognizing that solutions must consider both displaced\npopulations and host communities, understanding their\ncontexts to generate more effective and sustainable responses.\nThis includes guaranteeing rights through catalytic solutions\nrelated to at least education, health, income generation, housing,\nand habitat.\n\n\nPromoting a Social and Participatory Approach\n\nFostering social cohesion, preventing discrimination,\nstrengthening capacities, and encouraging the participation of\ndisplaced populations. This approach generates collaborative\ngovernance processes to ensure the rights of both displaced\nand host communities.\n\nAdditionally, it incorporates differential approaches based on\nage, gender, ethnicity, and diversity. Its formulation will ensure\ncontinuous dialogue with institutional actors, academia, and\ncivil society through expert panels and other consultation\nspaces.\n\n\n2. Developing an Operational Model for Nation-Territory\nCoordination\n\n\nSupport for Territories\n\n\n\nAdditionally, the national durable solutions strategy focuses on:\nThe IDSF supports dialogue with territorial entities for the design\nand implementation of comprehensive interventions in nine\nmicro-territories initially prioritized by the National Government:\n\nEnhancing Coordination and Institutional Capacities Cali, Medell\u00edn, Bogot\u00e1, Buenaventura, Quibd\u00f3, Tumaco,\n\nFlorencia, the Embera people in Alto And\u00e1gueda, and the Sikuani\npeople in Mapirip\u00e1n.\n\n\n\nEnhancing Coordination and Institutional Capacities\n\n\n\nThe policy aims to strengthen the response to forced\ndisplacement through more efficient coordination of existing\nmechanisms, adjustments to institutional offerings, and the\ncreation of new strategies tailored to current needs.\n\n\n\nAdditionally, it assists in the planning of long-term territorial\nplans that foster durable solutions, following a subsidiarity\napproach and ensuring coordination between the multisectoral\nefforts of National and territorial Governments.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is time to act together:\nDurable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia\n\n\nMicro-targeting\n\n\nA methodology has been developed to enable the\nmicro-targeting of intervention territories and the\ncomprehensive planning of service provision, adopting an\narea-based approach.\n\n\nThis methodology takes into account territorial and\nenvironmental factors as well as population aspects of the\ncommunities, including displaced populations and host\ncommunities.\n\n\nCommunity planning\n\n\nA community-based planning methodology has been adapted to\nthe Colombian context and made available to national and\nterritorial entities for implementation in the formulation of\ncommunity solutions plans.\n\n\nThis methodology ensures that both displaced populations and\nhost communities play a central role in the definition,\nprioritization, and implementation of actions.\n\n\n3. Measurement and data\n\n\n- The measurement will include a component for analyzing\npopulation conditions and contextual conditions to ensure\nthe guarantee of rights.\n\n\n- A proposal is being developed in coordination with the\nGovernment to establish a regionalization and prioritization\nmodel for the municipalities to be intervened in Colombia\nunder the durable solutions policy.\n\n\n- A partnership was established with the REACH/IMPACT\norganization to carry out a characterization and analysis\nexercise of the population in the cities of Bogot\u00e1 and\nQuibd\u00f3.\n\n\n- A partnership was consolidated with the World Bank for\npotential funding to set up a working group for measuring\ndurable solutions within the National Statistical System, in\ncollaboration with DANE.\n\n\nThe measurement component is supported by JIPS (Joint\nInternal Displacement Profiling Service). In collaboration with this\norganization, the IDSF has developed a proposal for measuring\ndurable solutions, enabling the country to assess the progress of\ninternally displaced persons in this area.\n\n\n- The proposal is based on international standards and\nadvancements in national measurement instruments.\n\n\n- It has been discussed with public authorities at the national\nand territorial levels, experts in the field, and civil society.\n\n\n- With the approval of the National Government and the\nnecessary data management, the first calculation of this\nmeasurement is expected to take place in the first two\nmonths of 2025.\n\n\n\n4. Costing and financing\n\n\n- A preliminary methodological proposal for the\nnational and territorial costing of durable solutions.\n\n\n- In joint work with the DNP, the budget tracker was\nupdated for all national investment projects focused\non financing victim policies, including internally\ndisplaced persons, ensuring updated information on\ninvestments planned for the 2025-2031 period.\n\n\n- Based on the updated investment tracker for policies\ntargeting internally displaced persons, the costing of\nthe public policy for the CONPES on Durable Solutions\nwill be carried out.\n\n\n- Together with the DNP and the Commission for\nMonitoring Public Policy on Internal Displacement,\nefforts are underway to organize a forum to promote\nthe Financing Commission for victim policies, which\nwill foster the search for and structuring of new\nfunding sources.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Statistical System", - "confidence": 0.9613781571388245, - "start": 234, - "end": 237 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "working group for measuring\ndurable solutions", - "confidence": 0.5227255821228027, - "start": 226, - "end": 232 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.785201370716095, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.93588787317276, - "start": 283, - "end": 286 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "budget tracker", - "confidence": 0.9291865825653076, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DNP", - "confidence": 0.824386715888977, - "start": 388, - "end": 389 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8096017837524414, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025-2031", - "confidence": 0.977837324142456, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally\ndisplaced persons", - "confidence": 0.6431134343147278, - "start": 407, - "end": 410 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **It is time to act together:**\n##### Durable solutions for internally displaced persons in Colombia January 2025\n\nTechnical team\n\n\n\nJairo Matallana Adriana Buchelli\nManager of Justice and Crisis Response, Protection officer (UNHCR)\nPeace, Justice, and Reconciliation (UNDP) buchelli@unhcr.org\njairo.matallana@undp.org\nLina Valencia\nIDSF Coordinator Colombia (UNHCR)\nvalencli@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Contacto**\n\nJohnny Meneses\nReport- Senior Communications Assistant (UNHCR)\nmenesesp@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nAdriana Plata\nProgram Specialist (UN Habitat)\nadriana.platablanco@un.org\n\n\n\u00c1ngela Pr\u00edas\nDeputy Coordinator, Victims Program (IOM)\naprias@iom.int\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/54a72a0d-aa1a-4a4d-ae5d-229bb70c31cb/Factsheet%20IDSF_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_396/raw/doc_396_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_396/raw/doc_396_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 551daecf7307ee1d577a8a0af9646230b283ec2d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_396/raw/doc_396_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,343 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n\n2021\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a **\u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd\u0631\u062f\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\n\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 UNFPA \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646UNHCR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\n. UNICEF \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a", - "confidence": 0.5534030795097351, - "start": 3166, - "end": 3168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": 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\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0628\u062930,8 \u0648\n\u0647.2,3% \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643 **\u0640** \u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 **\u0640** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639 **\u0640** \u064a \u0645\u0627\ufffd **\u0640** \u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b **\u0640** \u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0645 **\u0640** \u0627\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648 **\u0640**\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/en/ :5 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u06292021 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452\n.92107/documents/details\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a", - "confidence": 0.6306097507476807, - "start": 1420, - "end": 1422 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0629 **\u0640** \u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c **\u0640** \u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641 **\u0640** \u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644 **\u0640** \u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646 **\u0640** \u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634 **\u0640** \u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 **\u0640**\n\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0627\u0642 **\u0640** \u0643\u060c \u0641 **\u0640** \u0649 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\u062a\u0641 **\u0640** \u0648\u0641 \u0645 **\u0640** \u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e **\u0640** \u0637 \u0639 **\u0640** \u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 **\u0640** \u0648\u0647\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06298\u0631\u062f\u0646", - "confidence": 0.7404235601425171, - "start": 2457, - "end": 2462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7260651588439941, - "start": 2507, - "end": 2508 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n\n2021\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a **\u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\ufffd\u0631\u062f\ufffd\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644**\n\n\n\n\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0640\u0640\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0644 \u201c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u201c \u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062f / \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0633\u201d 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0640\u0640\u064a:\n\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f **\u0640** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645 **\u0640** \u0627\u0646 \u0645 **\u0640** \u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 **\u0640** \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642 **\u0640** \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633 **\u0640** \u0644\u0639\u062a\ufffd\u064a \u060c **\u0640** \u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 **\u0640** \u0644\u0639\u062a\n\n/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0635 / \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629.\n\n\n**\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\ufffd\ufffd \u0639**\n\n\n\n\n\n**80**\n\n\n**60**\n\n\n**40**\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1.3% 1.8%
2.6%
10.8% 12.5% 5.3%
10.1%
8.3%
1.9%
25.9%
43.6%
66.7%
62.5%
58.2%
15.7%
0.7%
0.3%
10.8% 4.2%
25.2%
14.9% 16.7%|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1.8%**
**1.3%**
**5.3%**
**8.3%**
**43.6%**
**15.7%**
**25.2%**
**2.6%**
**10.1%**
**1.9%**
**25.9%**
**12.5%**
**10.8%**
**62.5%**
**10.8%**
**14.9%**
**0.7%**
**0.3%**
**66.7%**
**4.2%**
**16.7%**
**58.2%**
||\n|**1.8%**
**1.3%**
**5.3%**
**8.3%**
**43.6%**
**15.7%**
**25.2%**
**2.6%**
**10.1%**
**1.9%**
**25.9%**
**12.5%**
**10.8%**
**62.5%**
**10.8%**
**14.9%**
**0.7%**
**0.3%**
**66.7%**
**4.2%**
**16.7%**
**58.2%**
||\n|**1.8%**
**1.3%**
**5.3%**
**8.3%**
**43.6%**
**15.7%**
**25.2%**
**2.6%**
**10.1%**
**1.9%**
**25.9%**
**12.5%**
**10.8%**
**62.5%**
**10.8%**
**14.9%**
**0.7%**
**0.3%**
**66.7%**
**4.2%**
**16.7%**
**58.2%**
||\n|**1.8%**
**1.3%**
**5.3%**
**8.3%**
**43.6%**
**15.7%**
**25.2%**
**2.6%**
**10.1%**
**1.9%**
**25.9%**
**12.5%**
**10.8%**
**62.5%**
**10.8%**
**14.9%**
**0.7%**
**0.3%**
**66.7%**
**4.2%**
**16.7%**
**58.2%**
||\n|**1.8%**
**1.3%**
**5.3%**
**8.3%**
**43.6%**
**15.7%**
**25.2%**
**2.6%**
**10.1%**
**1.9%**
**25.9%**
**12.5%**
**10.8%**
**62.5%**
**10.8%**
**14.9%**
**0.7%**
**0.3%**
**66.7%**
**4.2%**
**16.7%**
**58.2%**
||\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\ufffd\u064a\n\u0627\ufffd\ufffd\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\n\u0627\ufffd\ufffd\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufffd\ufffd\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\n\n[\ufffd\u0627\ufffd\ufffd\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646]\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\ufffd \u064a **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646 **\u0640** \u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 **\u0640** \u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 **\u0640** \u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642 **\u0640** \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633 **\u0640** \u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633 **\u0640** \u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645 **\u0640**\n)\u060c 53,9%( \u0639\u064a\u0629 **\u0640** \u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 **\u0640** \ufffd\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633 **\u0640** \u0627 \u064a **\u0640** \u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645 **\u0640** \u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647 **\u0640** \u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0644\u0651 **\u0640** \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0639 **\u0640** \u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646 **\u0640**\n)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a 24,4%( \u0644\u0639\u062a\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a\n\u064a\u0643 9,4%(\u0641 \u0627\u0644\ufffd **\u0640** \u0632\u0644\u064a / \u0639\u0646\u0631 **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645 **\u0640** \u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646 **\u0640** \u064a \u0633\u0629 \ufffd **\u0640** \u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 **\u0640** \u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641 **\u0640** \u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0628 **\u0640** )\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0649 **\u0640** \u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639 **\u0640** \u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0629\u060c \ufffd **\u0640** \u064a\u0629 / \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a **\u0640** \u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 **\u0640** \u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633 **\u0640** \u0645. \u0648\u062a\u062d **\u0640**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0644\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6052841544151306, - "start": 2331, - "end": 2334 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8419596552848816, - "start": 2263, - "end": 2264 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5495750904083252, - "start": 2343, - "end": 2344 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n\n\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 **\u0640** \u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646 **\u0640** \u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 **\u0640** \u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626 **\u0640** \u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \ufffd **\u0640** \u0630\u0627 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\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a / \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 / \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064812\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/jordan-gbvims-tf-. :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\n. 2021-midyear-report-january-june\n. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064713\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u06412021", - "confidence": 0.5039147138595581, - "start": 5574, - "end": 5578 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": 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\u062a\u0639\u0647 **\u0640** \u0639 \u0639 **\u0640** \u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a **\u0640** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 **\u0640** \u0645\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0648\u0646). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0646 \ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645", - "confidence": 0.9262917041778564, - "start": 833, - "end": 835 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n\n\n\n\u064a \u0639\u0649 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\u0627\u0633 **\u0640** \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\n\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a / \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\n\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a. 9\u066a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0625 \u0627\u0644\u0645\ufffd [\u062a \u0632] \u0641\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0640\u0640\u0631 \u0644\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**:\u0623\u0639\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf37dda3-317e-40f3-88df-e4bb3bc6d56d/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_397/raw/doc_397_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_397/raw/doc_397_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 189d6edff8e4753be73365f18575f39bfdee0d3e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_397/raw/doc_397_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,536 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** Annual Report 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n##### **Executive Summary**\n\n\n\nThis report provides information on incidents of\nGender-Based Violence (GBV) reported by survivors in\nJordan during 2021. The information was gathered with\nthe consent of survivors who received psycho-social\nsupport (through the case management approach)\nvia seven organizations members of the Gender Based\nViolence Information Management System (GBV\nIMS) Taskforce. The GBV IMS Task Force [1] is the body\nresponsible for gathering, maintaining and analyzing\ndata related to GBV, along with ensuring the security\nand protection of sensitive data concerning GBV. The\nTask Force is also responsible for drafting reports and\nproviding strategic directions to GBV programmes\nbased on identified gaps and trends.\nIt is important to highlight that the data and trends noted\nin this report are not representative of the prevalence\nof GBV in Jordan (or among refugee populations) as\nthese trends are based solely on incidents reported by\nsurvivors to the Data Gathering Organizations (DGOs) [2]\nengaged in GBV response and using the GBV IMS in\n2021. It is accordingly not advisable to use these\nfindings as a proxy for the prevalence of GBV in any\nsettings or to use it in isolation to monitor the quality\nof programmatic interventions. Despite the above\nlimitations, the GBV IMS is considered the highest\nquality GBV incident data currently available to the\nhumanitarian actors, which can be used effectively\nfor trend analysis and improving coordination of GBV\nprevention and response.\nThe number of survivors assisted by members of the\nGBV IMS Task force in **2021 increased by (19.4%)**\n**after a decrease that was observed in 2020.** This\ncan be explained by the resumption of face to face\nservice provision in all sites during 2021, including in\nperson activities which areconsidered an important\nentry point for women and girls. Additionally, remote\nservice provision was maintained which continued to\noffer a feasible option for those who could not come\nto the centers. Because of the changes in government\nmeasures and easing of movement restrictions to\ncontain the COVID 19 pandemic, GBV incidents\nreported increased rapidly following the re-opening of\nservice delivery centers. Survivors had also options of\nhotlines and phone based case management.\n\n\n1 The Gender-based violence Information management system\n(GBVIMS) Task Force members have signed an Information Sharing\nProtocol that defines roles and responsibilities and data protection\nprocedures. The Taskforce is chaired by UNHCR and UNFPA with the\ntechnical support of UNICEF.\n2 INTERSOS, Jordanian Women Union (JWU), Noor Al Hussain\nFoundation (NHF), Jordan River Foundation (JRF), International Rescue\nCommittee (IRC), Arab Women Organization (AWO) and United\nNation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\n\n\n\nMoreover, the increase could also be linked to cash\nassistance offered by some of the DGOs which\ncontributed to increased access to services.\nIn terms of nationalities of survivors seeking help:\n66% are Syrians, 27.4% are Jordanian and 6.5% are\nsurvivors of other nationalities mainly Iraqis, Yemenis\nand Sudanese. It is important to mention that 2021\nhas marked a slight increase in the percentages of\nJordanian survivors assisted by members of the GBV\nIMS task force (3% increase compared to 2020), this\ncould be due to a higher number of awareness programs\non availability of services targeting Jordanians and\nstrengthened partnerships between the DGOs and\nlocal CBOs.\nFinally, it is also important to stress that in line with the\nlast five years the majority of survivors reached services\nmore than one month after the incident. In 2021 59.6%\nreached them more than one month after, compared to\n64.2% in 2020. Although the trend has been improving\nin the last year thanks to different efforts to ensure\ntimely access to help, the situation still points towards\nthe need of innovative methods to increase outreach\nand information sharing of available GBV services with\nrefugees and local communities and the importance of\nseeking timely assistance in particular for survivors of\nsexual violence.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Based\nViolence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.8043336272239685, - "start": 58, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6844257712364197, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Task Force", - "confidence": 0.8597718477249146, - "start": 71, - "end": 75 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9686579704284668, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9629860520362854, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5620086193084717, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS", - "confidence": 0.994297444820404, - "start": 188, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Task force", - "confidence": 0.7177713513374329, - "start": 276, - "end": 280 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8822371363639832, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.523615837097168, - "start": 283, - "end": 284 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9638853073120117, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.8377390503883362, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n##### **Context**\n\n\n\nTwelve years into the Syrian crisis, refugees remain in\nexile as their country continues to face a protracted\nconflict and an overwhelming humanitarian crisis. The\nJordanian Syrian border has remained closed for new\nrefugee entries into Jordan since June 2016. Borders\nwere temporarily closed for Syrian refugees\u203a departure\nduring COVID-19 but they were starting from 8th of\nAugust 2021. As of the 31st of December 2021, 6,254\nSyrian refugees returned to their country of origin\ndue to high living costs in the country of asylum and\nassistance reduction, lack of work opportunities or for\nfamily reunification - especially for unaccompanied and\nseparated children.\nAs of the 31st December 2021, the United Nations\nHigh Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recorded\n672,952 registered Syrian refugees in Jordan, a number\nthat has remained consistent over the past fouryears due to the increased entry restrictions into the\nKingdom. Among the Syrian refugee population 26%\nare women, 24.6 % are men, 24.3 % are girls and\n25.3% are boys. Women and girls represent more than\nhalf of the refugee population (50.3%).\nIn Jordan, close to 80.5% of registered refugees live\noutside the camps, primarily concentrated in urban\nand rural areas in the northern governorates of Jordan,\nwith lesser population in the southern governorates.\nThe remaining Syrian refugees live in camps, mainly in\nZaatari Camp ( \u00b1 80,708), Azraq Camp ( \u00b1 43,936) and\nthe Emirati Jordanian Camp ( \u00b1 6,667). Jordan also hosts\nrefugee populations from other countries. The total\nnumber of Yemenis registered with UNHCR is 12,777.\nThey are to be added to the multiple other refugee\npopulations that Jordan hosts, including 66,362 Iraqis,\nand more than 7,972 from Sudan, Somalia, and other\ncountries.\nThe continuously worsening economic situation in\nJordan due to COVID-19 was one of the motives to\nreturn to the country of origin. According to CARE2021\nAnnual Needs Assessment, refugees expressed\ntheir beliefs that reduction in assistance \u2013 caused by\nunderfunding humanitarian programs and the absence\nof one refugee approach implementation - is a strategy\nto persuade them to return to their countries of origin [3] .\nAccording to data of the Department of Statistics in\nJordan for the third quarter of 2021, unemployment rate\nhas reached 23.2% (21.2% for males and 30.8% for\nfemales), which represents a decrease in employment\nrates by 1.5% for males and 2.3% for females\n\n\n3 2021 Annual Needs Assessment \u2013 Care, Jordan, Page 5 https://data.\nunhcr.org/en/documents/details/92107\n\n\n\ncomparing to the second quarter of the same year. The\nstatistics reflect a constant impact of COVID-19 on the\neconomic situation of Jordan and labor market with a\nslight enhancement by 0.7% compared to the second\nquarter of 2020.\nRefugee occupations are generally limited to either\ninformal work in the field of agriculture, construction,\nmanufacturing, or incentive-based volunteering\nopportunities which are mainly available in refugee\ncamps. Confining opportunities to these sectors and\nthe expensive fees of issuing work permits are the main\nchallenges that limited refugees from participating in\nthe labor market and may expose them to significant\nrisks of detention and exploitation. Moreover, only\nSyrian refugees in Jordan are legally allowed to work.\nThose from other countries, including Iraq, Yemen,\nSudan and Somalia, are not able to apply for permits [4] .\nAs of September 2021, the number of work permits\nissued for Syrian refugees reached 258,786, only 5.6%\nof them were for women [5] .\nWhile for women, employment and income generating\nopportunities continue to be governed by the\nexpectation of the society to fulfill their gender roles.\nIncreasing women participation in labor force was also\nprohibited by restrictions on their movement and social\ninteraction under the pretext of protecting them from\nsexual abuse and harassment, domestic care burdens,\nand supporting children education due to schools\u2019\nclosure during the pandemic.\nSince the start of COVID-19, the need to meet basic\nneeds for families remained the first concern and\nincreased with the continuation of the pandemic. Many\nwomen were compelled to get loans or debts to cover\ndaily expenses. Among Syrian refugee, women got\nloans to pay rent, utilities and previous debts [6],while\nJordanian women got loans to pay for the acquisition\nof cars, housing renovations/acquisitions, wedding\nexpenses, previous debts, or to pay rent and utilities for\nthem and their family members [7] .\nAccording to SIGI, in 2020 there were 62,000\nJordanian women who were fined, and 23,000 were\nsentenced for having debts with finance and small\nproject companies, as well as banks [8] .\n\n\n4 https://www.unhcr.org /news/press/2022/1/61effaa54/\njordan-issues-record-number-work-permits-syrian-refugees.\nhtml#:~:text=With%20an%20unemployment%20rate%20\nof,able%20to%20apply%20for%20permits.\n5 Livelihoods Dashboard_September 2021https://data.unhcr.org/en/\ndocuments/details/89396\n6 Women\u2019s Financial Vulnerability: Challenges Women Face with Debt\nand Loans https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/87870\n7 Women\u2019s Financial Vulnerability: Challenges Women Face with Debt\nand Loans https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/87870\n8 https://www.sigi-jordan.org/?p=10886\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CARE2021\nAnnual Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9815643429756165, - "start": 381, - "end": 385 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8819209337234497, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8980890512466431, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.989473283290863, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data of the Department of Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8513556122779846, - "start": 428, - "end": 434 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Care", - "confidence": 0.6966361403465271, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9738929867744446, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8354779481887817, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6560736298561096, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2021 Annual Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.903346061706543, - "start": 489, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9239148497581482, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9994890689849854, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6525997519493103, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n##### **Main trends**\n\n\n\n**a) Sex and age of SGBV**\n**survivors**\n\n\nDuring 2021, 94.5% of survivors assisted by data\ngathering organizations were female -this is in line with\nglobal GBV trends highlighting that women and girls are\ndisproportionately affected by GBV. This trend has been\nconsistent across the last 5-year period. Home remains\nunsafe for women and girls, 86.2% of perpetrators are\nintimate partners (husbands in this context), caregivers\nor family members (fathers, brothers, extended family\nmembers or in laws), while 5.4% of incidents reported\nwere perpetrated by a known person to the survivor,\nsuch as family friend, neighbor, employer, service\nproviders or other community members. Only 7.9% of\nperpetrators were unknown or have no relation to the\nsurvivor such as taxi drivers, gas cylinders distributor,\nlandlords, community based organization staff, or\nstrangers committing sexual harassement through\nsocial media platforms/internet, or in the streets and\npublic places such as markets and parks.\n\n\n\nschools\u2019 closure during COVID-19 has impacted the\nattendance and dropout rates for children. According to\na study conducted by UNICEF in December 2020, outof-school rates are higher for children of non-Jordanian\nnationality. More than 50,600 \u201cSyrian refugee\nchildren, 39,800 Jordanians, and 21,500 children of\nother nationalities are estimated to be out of school.\nNationally, out-of-school rates are higher for boys than\nfor girls, apart from Jordanians in the 6\u201311 age group\nwhere girls have a higher out-of-school rate than boys.\nThe number of children at risk of dropping out in the\nschool year 2017/18 was 40,647\u201d [9] . Besides, attending\nschool personally had slightly granted girls freedom\nof movement to go to school or attend safe spaces\nactivities which indisputably facilitated disclosure in a\nsafe atmosphere.\nResearch has found that persons with disabilities\n(PWDs) are at least three times more likely to\nexperience physical violence, sexual violence, and\nemotional violence than persons without disabilities [10] .\nWomen with disabilities in particular are up to 10 times\nmore likely to experience sexual violence, and estimates\nsuggest that 40 percent to 68 percent of young women\nwith disabilities will experience sexual violence before\nthe age of 18 [11] .\nCollected data in 2021 indicates that only 2.7% of\nincidents reported were by survivors with disabilities.\nIn line with the previous years\u2019 trend, more people\nwith physical disability reported incidents compared to\npeople with mental disability.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReported GBV incidents by girls continue to decrease\ncompared to the previous years despite the ongoing\nefforts of GBV service providers to reach girls by\nproviding awareness raising sessions that target\nfamilies and tailored GBV programs for adolescent\ngirls. The challenge in reporting GBV incidents by\ngirls is related to the perpetrator-survivor relationship,\nsince they mostly occurred in the context of domestic\nviolence perpetrated by the caregiver or family\nmembers. This is usually associated with fear of family\nbreakups, stigma and isolation by the community or\nretaliation as well as feelings of guilt or self-blame for\nbeing abused or when reporting violence. Moreover,\n\n\n\n9 Jordan Country Report on Out-of-School Children https://www.unicef.\norg/jordan/reports/jordan-country-report-out-school-children\n10 Management Sciences for Health & UNFPA, We Decide Young Persons\nwith Disabilities: Equal Rights and a Life Free of Violence (2016),\nhttps://www.msh.org/blog/2016/08/12/we-decide-young-personswith-disabilities-call-for-equal-rights-and-alife-free-of.\n11 Id.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n\nCompared to 2020, the rate hasn\u2019t changed despite the\nfocused efforts to reach out to persons with disabilities.\nThis comes as a result of lacking equipped services\nin some areas of Jordan for PWDs in addition to the\nabsence of affordable and accessible transportation.\nSurvivors with disabilities may also need to be\naccompanied by a family member to reach service\nproviders, but since reported incidents are mainly\nperpetrated by family members, it becomes challenging\nto find supportive family members who would agree to\naccompany the survivor to help centers. Nevertheless,\nsocial norms impose other restrictions on PWDs and\ntheir families in terms of acceptance and respect of\ntheir rights which forced some families to hide their\nmembers with disability.\n\n\n**b) Types of Sexual and Gender**\n**Based Violence**\n\n\nThe GBV IMS categorizes GBV into six broad\ncategories: rape; sexual assault; physical assault; forced\nmarriage; denial of resources/opportunities/services;\nand psychological/emotional abuse.\n\n\n**Sex/age and GBV type**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**80**\n\n\n**60**\n\n\n**40**\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|1.8% 1.3%
2.6%
5.3% 12.5% 10.8%
10.1%
8.3%
1.9%
25.9%
43.6%
66.7%
62.5%
58.2%
15.7%
0.7%
0.3%
4.2% 10.8%
25.2%
16.7% 14.9%|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\n**Girls** **Women** **Boys** **Men**\n\n\n\n**Rape**\n\n\n**Sexual Assult**\n\n**Denial of resources,**\n**opportunities of services**\n\n\n\n**Forced Marriage**\n\n\n**physical Assault**\n\n**Psychological/Emotional**\n**Abuse**\n\n\n\nIn line with previous years, the main types of GBV\nreported were psychological abuse (53.9%), physical\nassault (24.4%) and denial of resources, opportunities\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** Annual Report 2021\n\n\nor services (9.4%), mainly in the context of domestic\nviolence/intimate partner violence.\nPsychological/emotional abuse most commonly occurs\nin the form of \u201chumiliation\u201d and \u201cconfinement\u201d by\nintimate partners (most typically husbands). In addition,\nthis category also includes incidents of \u201cverbal sexual\nharassment\u201d and online harassment with more time\nspent online and on social media. Physical violence\nwas also mostly perpetrated by intimate partners and\ntook the form of beatings, slapping, and kicking among\nother types of violence. It is important to underline that\nphysical assault has severe consequences on survivors\nand may result in the death of the survivors or cause\ndisability. \u201cDenial of resources\u201d is the third most\nreported type of GBV. Women and girls are increasingly\nreporting incidents of denial of resources, opportunity\nand services mainly perpetrated by their husbands\nand male relatives. Male perpetrators prevent women\nfrom having access to citizenship or documentation.\nWomen are also excluded from decision-making within\nthe family or around the use of cash assistance, while\nothers also report that their husbands would confiscate\ntheir salaries (employers are also reported for\nwithholding part of the salary). Some survivors shared\nthat their husbands/male relatives would prevent them\nfrom accessing reproductive health and mental health\nservices. In addition, women saw their inheritance rights\ncurtailed as well as their rights to alimony or custody.\nFinally, women reported being denied opportunities\nto work as well as access to women empowerment\nactivities or education.\n\n\nControlling behaviors reported by girls include denial\nof access to school and tertiary education, limitations\nof movement and social contacts as well as access\nto reproductive health services for unmarried girls.\nHusbands or male relatives also prevent girls from\nattending girls\u2019 empowerment activities and other\nservices. Denial of resources is therefore normalized\nwithin communities, women and girls are often unaware\nthese incidents constitute gender-based violence.\nChild marriages made up the largest number of forced\nmarriages, predominantly affecting girls of 15-17 years\nold. Forced marriage constitutes only 4.3% of all of the\nreported cases, suggesting that few girls seek help to\nprevent marriage from occurring, but it is not indicative\nof prevalence. More than 1 in 4 children are married\nbefore the age of 18, and nearly 1 in 10 are married\nbefore the age of 15-years. Recently released statistics\nfrom the Supreme Judge Department show a slight\ndecrease in 2021, from 11.8% of registered marriages\nin 2020 to 10.6% in 2021. This is reflecting the recent\nimprovement in legislation to raise the age of marriage\nas well as the implementation of the National action\nplan against child marriage and on the ground initiative\nto reach at risk adolescent girls and their families.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV", - "confidence": 0.5428825616836548, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics\nfrom the Supreme Judge Department", - "confidence": 0.9706299304962158, - "start": 926, - "end": 932 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Supreme Judge Department", - "confidence": 0.9828354716300964, - "start": 929, - "end": 932 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9734015464782715, - "start": 937, - "end": 938 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9782134890556335, - "start": 948, - "end": 949 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered marriages", - "confidence": 0.7358829379081726, - "start": 945, - "end": 947 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some of the most\nsevere forms of GBV with life-threatening consequences,\nyet they are the most under-reported forms of violence.\nDespite the constant efforts of GBV service providers\nto raise awareness about sexual abuse and confidential\nservices and building the capacity of community-based\norganizations, volunteers and non-GBV specialists on\nGBV safe referral and PSEA, reporting sexual assault\nremains low and has slightly decreased (6.1% compared\nto 7.6% in 2020) and rape incidents reported remain\nlow at 1.9%. The stigma associated with seeking help\nwhen subjected to sexual violence constitute a major\nbarrier for survivors\u2019 ability to come forward, coupled\nwith the risk of honor killing. Since the beginning of\n2021 until November, 16 females were murdered by\nmale family members and some of these crimes were\nmotived by what so called \u201chonor-related violence\u201d [12] .\nIn addition, mandatory reporting requirements in the\nJordanian law prevent survivors who do not wish to file\ncomplaints from seeking much needed assistance (in\nparticular medical assistance). Marital rape remained\nunder-reported by women and girls. Absence of\nlegislations which criminalize the act of rape within the\nwedlock, cultural background and gender norms that\nconsider sexual relationships a guaranteed right for\nhusbands, in addition to the fear of stigmatization and\ndefamation, are all factors that hamper survivors from\nreporting. Survivors tend to speak up about this type\nof violence only after individual or group counseling on\nwomen\u2019s rights and GBV types.\nBecause of the COVID 19 situation, there are increased\nrisks of technology facilitated GBV. Some instances of\nonline sexual harassment and blackmailing perpetrated\nby impersonators - some pretending to work for\nhumanitarian aid agencies- have been reported [13] .\nAccording to SIGI, 43% of reported cybercrime\nincidents in 2021 fell under the mentioned types [14] .\nTo deepen the analysis, it is important to take into\naccount age and gender. As indicated in the above\nchart, the main GBV type faced by girls who were\nassisted by the GBV IMS Task Force members was child\nmarriage (44%), followed by emotional abuse. Women,\non the other hand, have reported being most affected\nby emotional abuse (58%) and physical assault (26%),\noccurring mainly in the context of intimate partner\nviolence as analyzed above.\nCOVID-19 continues to have a deep impact on families\nacross different nationalities, putting on them additional\nburdens to maintain any source of income and meet\ntheir basic needs especially in the circumstances of high\nliving expenses and assistance cuts. Men are usually the\nbreadwinners for their families. During the pandemic,\nmany have lost their jobs and felt failure of fulfilling\ntheir gender role, which contributed to increasing the\ntensions in households. However, denial of resources,\n\n\n12 SIGI https://www.sigi-jordan.org/\n13 GBVIMS midyear report January-June 2021, Jordan https://reliefweb.\nint/report/jordan/jordan-gbvims-tf-midyear-report-january-june-2021\n14 Id.\n\n\n\nservices, opportunities is still underreported although\nit has slightly increased in 2021. It is often normalized\nwithin families and communities, building upon gender\nroles stereotypes and cultural norms, where male figure\nis the decision-maker within the household.\nBoys and men reported mainly incidents of sexual\nassault, often in the context of detention as well as\ndiscrimination and retaliation against gay/bisexual/\ntransgender refugees and sale and exchange of sex.\nContinuity of providing the services through hotlines\nand awareness campaigns about GBV and available\nservices for male survivors, as well as building the\ncapacity of GBV case management agencies on working\nwith male survivors, child survivors and LGBTIQA+,\nresulted in a notable increase of reporting sexual abuse\nby men and boys. Compared to 2020 there was a\n8% increase of reported incidents by men and a 21%\nincrease for sexual abuse incidents perpetrated against\nboys.\nNotwithstanding this, the chart demonstrates clearly\nthat women and girls are disproportionately affected\nby the different types of GBV. The number of girls\nreporting rape and sexual assault is low compared\nto other ages and sexes. Sexual violence is a risk for\nadolescent girls, but stigma, value of virginity, custody\nof male guardians and risk of so called \u201chonour killing\u201d\nare all factors contributing to the underreporting.\n\n\n**c) Service Provision**\n\n\nThis year, we saw an increased percentage of cases\nseeking help who were self-referred, meaning the\nsurvivor approached the case management agency\ndirectly . This could be explained by the increase in\ninitiatives that focus on outreach and dissemination of\ninformation on hotlines and other channels to seek help\neither in person or through virtual case management.\n\n\nReferrals from Police have increased this year, which\ncould be correlated with increased collaboration and\ncoordination efforts between the government and\nNGO service providers reflecting also increased level\nof trust in the quality of services provided by these\norganizations. Increased number of referrals from\n\u201cShelter\u201d, which have also tripled from last year, have\nbeen explained by enhanced follow up on cases that are\nbenefiting from shelter services ensuring that they have\naccess to a variety of multi sectoral services as needed.\nReferrals from schools and teachers remain zero\nsimilar to last year despite schools reopening and\ngoing back to normal, which reflect the need for better\ncoordination with the education sector. Some of the\nDGOs have also reflected on the challenge of absence\nof school counselors in schools, who would usually\nbe approached by students. Referrals from the health\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SIGI", - "confidence": 0.6053374409675598, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9943037033081055, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "chart", - "confidence": 0.6608004570007324, - "start": 705, - "end": 706 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9605125784873962, - "start": 676, - "end": 677 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Referrals from Police", - "confidence": 0.6143665313720703, - "start": 845, - "end": 848 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** Annual Report 2021\n\n\n\n(for health concerns related to GBV) .\n\n\nand higher demand on these services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nbe linked to the findings we presented on reported\nincidents of Denial of resources, where it contributes\nto decreasing access to work for women outside of\ntheir home. The finding on increased use of Cash\nbased interventions is also in line, as women were\nasking for Cash assistance instead of being enrolled\nin livelihood programs, to enable them to deal with\ndifferent forms of violence that they are subjected\nto. Members of the DGOs have expressed an increased\nneed for transformative approaches to be applied in\nwomen awareness programs to shift thinking towards\nempowerment of women and linking Cash interventions\nto livelihood opportunities.\n\n\n**Cash based interventions** remains the sector that\nhas changed the most compared to previous years,\nrecording an improvement in the assistance provided\nto survivors. In 2019 only 34 % of survivors either\nreceived or were referred to cash assistance, in 2020\nthe beneficiaries in need that received or were referred\nto these services increased to 53% and to 73% in\n2021. In line with this positive trend the unavailability\ndecreased from\ufffc 63% in 2019 to 41% in 2020\nand to 26% in 2021. In 2021 there was a focus on\nembedding tailored cash-based interventions into\nGBV case management programmes with a positive\neffect on referral and safety outcomes. In a recent\nstudy conducted by UNFPA on integrating cash based\nintervention in case management, women discussed\nthe importance of reducing financial dependence to\ndecrease conflict and violence in the relationship.\nWomen stated that the ability to manage and use the\nmoney to meet household needs strengthened their\nconfidence to say no to demands and threats by the\nhusband. Women also discussed the importance of\ncase managers in helping them to prioritize and making\ndecisions on use of cash, while also learning about and\nusing referrals to services to meet health, justice and\nsafety needs.\n\n\n**Psycho-social services** remain the most available\nservices for survivors throughout the country, and is\nthe most common service provided directly by the case\nmanagement agencies, indeed 96% mostly through\ncase management approach or specialized psychosocial\nsupport provided by the same agency. Data shared by\ndata gathering organisations is based on information\ncollected with survivors during psycho-social service\nprovision, thus data on psycho-social service provision\nshould be understood within this context. Moreover,\nreferral pathways are an essential part of the response\nto GBV, establishing connection between survivors in\nneed and the services they require. Although it is clear\nfrom the above information on referrals done by GBV\npartners that the mechanism is strong and moving in a\npositive direction, referrals from other providers to GBV\nproviders remain weak.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n##### **Thematic Focus**\n\n**a) Marital Status**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** Annual Report 2021\n\n\n\n**Divorced / separated survivors**\n\n\nThe majority of GBV survivors who reported GBV\nduring 2021 were married women, nevertheless, there\nis a slight increase in reported incidents by widows,\ndivorced, and separated survivors. Ever married women\nare the group who disclose violence more ( 90.7%)\ncompared to single women (only 9.4%).\nWidows, divorced and separated women reported\nmostly domestic violence perpetrated by family\nmembers -including former husbands- in the context of\nphysical, psychological abuse, denial of resources and\neven forced marriage. In this context the location of\nincidents is mainly home, divorced women often seek\nhelp long after the incident happens and even after the\ndivorce. Widows, divorce and separated women are\nneither safe at home nor in the streets and online. Few\nincidents were perpetrated by others such as unknown\npersons, housemates (other families sharing and living\nat the same house), supervisor/employer, service\nprovider, even neighbor and friend mainly in the form\nof sexual harassment and technology facilitated GBV.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccording to a study conducted by SIGI in Jordan half of widows and separated women reported exposure to one or\nmultiple types of violence. This analysis confirms the vulnerability of ever married women, in particular separated/\ndivorced and widows,noting that our services reach only 9% of single women therefore requiring more outreach\nefforts.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force** Annual Report 2021\n\n\n\n**b) Sexual abuse against men**\n**and boys**\n\n\nWhile women and girls are more at risk of violence\nat home by people they know, men and boys report\nmainly conflict related sexual violence and other risks\nof GBV because of their sexual orientation and gender\nindentity. 83% of male survivors were abused by\nstrangers who do not have any relation with them, 70%\nof the perpetrators were armed group\n71.4% of sexual abuse against male happened in Syria,\n26.9% in Jordan, 0.4% Iraq and 1.2% other countries.\nThe male sexual abuses in the country of origin (Syria)\nwere mostly (77.7%) reported in prisons, checkpoints,\ntransit centers and borders.\nHowever reported incidets of sexual abuse in the\ncountry of asylum (Jordan) were mainly located in the\nstreet, the survivors and perpetrators\u2019 home mostly in\nthe context of LGBTQIA+.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "17\n\n\n##### **Recommendations**\n\n\n\n\n\nMajority of survivors reached services more Study on obstacles to seek help and delays in seeking help.\nthan one month after the incident. Continue promoting innovative community-based approaches\nto disseminate information on availability of compassionate\nand confidential GBV case management services and clinical\nmanagement of rape services.\n\n\nReported GBV incidents by girls continue to Develop innovative approaches to reach adolescent girls and\ndecrease compared to the previous years. married young women and facilitate their access to GBV\nservices. Foster collaboration and promote joint initiatives with\nChild Protection actors to mitigate the risks of GBV against\nchildren including adolescent girls/boys and in particular\nagainst Child marriage and sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n\nOrganize interagency workshop in clarifying referral pathway\nfor GBV.\n\n\n\nOnly 2.7% of incidents reported were by\nsurvivors with disabilities. In line with previous\nyears\u2019 trend, more people with physical\ndisability reported incidents compared to\npeople with mental disability.\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some of the\nmost severe forms of GBV with life-threatening\nconsequences, yet they are the most underreported forms of violence.\n\n\nSecurity/Police remain amongst the highest\ndeclined across all services as survivors have\nexpressed fears of retaliation if seeking police\nassistance as well as fear of stigma due to lack\nof confidentiality and lack of survivor-centered\napproach within law enforcement actors\n(victim-blaming, perpetrators asked to sign\npledges instead of serving jail terms).\n\n\n\nWork with Disability inclusion organization to increase\noutreach and build capacity of GBV providers to deal with\nsurvivors with disabilities in particular mental disability.\n\n\nWork to counter stigma at different levels:\nAdvocacy to review definition of rape in law and review\nmandatory reporting\nWork with service providers on survivor centered approach\n\n- community level and improve access and build trust in\nservices.\n\n\nDisseminate paper on the impact of mandatory reporting\non help seeking behaviors and work with law enforcement\nagencies on application of survivor centered approach.\nReview training approach and work on attitudes and coaching\napproach.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n\n\n\nLivelihoods continue to reflect the largest gap\nin service availability, with more than 58% of\nsurvivors unable to access livelihood services\ndue to unavailability of such services.\n\n\nDecline of referrals to health services\noftentimes due to fearing a requirement for\nmandatory reporting to the police (which is\nparticularly strict for Jordanian medical staff\ncompared to other service providers).\n\n\n\nStrengthen livelihood opportunities targeting GBV survivors\nand linked to case management through MOUs or joint\nprogrammes.\n\n\nAdvocacy to restrict mandatory reporting requirements only\nto child survivors remains needed, as well as advocacy with\nhealth actors to ensure access to free health care to all GBV\nsurvivors (for health concerns related to GBV).\n\n\n\nNumber of Cash based interventions increased. To strengthen monitoring mechanisms on the protection\nimpact of cash in GBV case management and to elaborate a\nsectoral guidance note to harmonize the approach.\n\n\n\nReferrals from schools and teachers remain\nzero similar to last year despite schools\nreopening and going back to normal.\n\n\nConfirmed vulnerability of ever married\nwomen, in particular separated/divorced and\nwidows, with our services reaching only 9% of\nsingle women.\n\n\n\nWork with the education sector and Ministry of education to\nstrengthen GBV prevention and response.\n\n\nTailor programmes based on marital status, increase outreach\nefforts and monitor reach to leave no one behind.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**in Coordination & Cooperation with:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a196c23a-815d-4fd9-aed8-cf4bc93f7dbd/Final%20GBVIMS%202021%20Report_%20English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_398/raw/doc_398_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_398/raw/doc_398_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index acd755dded72a1e629905554602c8f29528a7d8a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_398/raw/doc_398_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,575 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF II** **SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n## Operational Context & Analysis\n\n\nDuring the period covered by this Protection Brief II (November 2022 \u2013 June 2023), 592,760 individuals\ncrossed the border from Ukraine to Slovakia, bringing the total to nearly 1.5 million since the start of the\narmed conflict in February 2022. By 30 June 2023, 111,822 refugees fleeing Ukraine held Temporary\nProtection status in Slovakia.\n\n\nThe Government of Slovakia has continued responding with generosity and solidarity to its largest-ever\nrefugee influx. The initial emergency situation in 2022 has evolved in 2023 toward a situation\nincreasingly characterized by the importance of inclusion of refugees in the national and local public\nservices and, more generally, their socioeconomic inclusion into the host society in Slovakia. This period,\ndetailed in this Protection Brief II, has witnessed both progress and challenges.\n\n\nUNHCR, through Protection Profiling and Monitoring, [1] Area-Based Assessment, [2] and focus group\ndiscussions with refugees, [3] has continually monitored their situation and needs. This Protection Brief II\nconsolidates and analyzes findings related to access to healthcare, employment, and education,\ncomplemented by other data sources. It also outlines UNHCR and its partners' response, supporting the\nGovernment of Slovakia in addressing the gaps and challenges. Finally, it offers recommendations to\nstrengthen refugees' access to rights and inclusion possibilities.\n## Key Trends & Figures [4]\n\n\n1 UNHCR, [Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; 3,859 Protection Profiling and](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\nMonitoring interviews (covering 7,941 household members) were conducted between November 2022 and June 2023. Due to methodological\nlimitations, the results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the whole population of refugees from Ukraine in Slovakia and are only indicative of\ntheir situation.\n[2 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n3 UNHCR (2023), [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: July 2023; UNHCR (2023), Analysis](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\nof Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n[4 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n## Protection Concerns\n\n#### Access to Healthcare\n\n\nStarting on 1 January 2023, the Government of Slovakia expanded the healthcare coverage for refugee\nchildren from \u201curgent and necessary\u201d to full care. [5 ] This included the alignment of reimbursement\namounts paid by the public health insurance company to doctors for attending refugee children with the\namounts received for attending Slovak children, addressing this previous disincentive for healthcare\nproviders. This expansion represented an important positive step on the longer road toward\nguaranteeing the right to health of refugees in Slovakia. Additionally, the Government also took\ncommendable steps to simplify the foreign diploma recognition procedure, notably for pediatricians,\nresulting in the employment of 30 pediatricians from Ukraine by the end of June 2023, [6] along with\nnurses. [7] These measures bolster healthcare system capacities in Slovakia, benefiting both the refugee\nand Slovak communities.\n\n\nAt the same time, for the general refugee population, healthcare access remained challenging. According\nto Protection Profiling and Monitoring, 22% of respondents in need of healthcare experienced\ndifficulties accessing the system in Slovakia, with multiple reasons including long waits (56%),\naffordability (44%), denial of access (29%), language barrier (28%), and unavailability of care (23%).\nHealthcare was listed as one of the most urgent needs by the respondents and 33% indicated they would\nneed more information on healthcare in Slovakia. [8] Additionally, 49% of respondents in the Area-Based\nAssessment lacked or were uncertain about having a general practitioner nearby and 54% were unaware\nof mental health and psychosocial support services in their area. [9] In focus group discussions, refugees\nhighlighted saturation of the healthcare system, lack of specialists, high costs, and long waiting times. [10]\nUNHCR noted with concern that some refugees were forced to make temporary visits to Ukraine to\naccess healthcare due to these challenges. According to the Intentions Survey, 19% of the refugees who\ntemporarily visited Ukraine did so due to healthcare needs. [11]\n\n\nA particular matter of attention was access to sexual and reproductive health services in Slovakia.\nAccording to specific research \u201cCare in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health\nand Rights of Refugees from Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia\u201d, [12] temporary visits to\nUkraine for these services were common, and refugee women often delayed seeking this time-sensitive\nmedical attention due to access difficulties. The study reports that entire hospitals, especially in Eastern\nSlovakia, sometimes refuse to provide legal abortion services, resulting in long travel distances and\ndelays. Also, concerns were raised about Roma refugee women from Ukraine facing intersectional\ndiscrimination, resulting in more frequent denial of free healthcare or discriminatory attitudes.\nAdditionally, the lack of specialized care for the LGBTIQ+ community, including trans men and women,\nled LGBTIQ+ refugees to seek care in other European Union (EU) countries. [13]\n\n\nIn response, UNHCR collaborated with partners, including at Blue Dots, to support refugees with access\nto healthcare through counseling, interpretation services, and further referrals to specialized support. In\nJune 2023, UNHCR engaged in a partnership with local NGOs with expertise in gender-based violence\n(GBV) to advance and facilitate access to GBV and health services for GBV survivors, along with a\nhelpline for safely obtaining information and referrals to specialized GBV services. Furthermore, in\n\n\n[5 Ministry of Health of Slovak Republic, Ur\u010denie rozsahu potrebnej zdravotnej starostlivosti; UNHCR welcomes that after the period covered by this](https://www.health.gov.sk/?urcenie-rozsahu-potrebnej-zdravotnej-starostlivosti)\nProtection Brief (November 2022 \u2013 June 2023), as of September 2023, the Government of Slovakia expanded the full healthcare coverage, with the\nexception of spa treatment, also to adult refugees with Temporary Protection status.\n[6 The News Agency of the Slovak Republic (2023), Na Slovensku bude p\u00f4sobi\u0165 30 pediatrov z Ukrajiny.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/uv-sr-na-slovensku-bude-posobit-30-p/724829-clanok.html)\n[7 The News Agency of the Slovak Republic (2023), MZ SR: Uzn\u00e1vanie vzdelania ukrajinsk\u00fdch sestier sa zjednodu\u0161uje.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/mz-uznavanie-vzdelania-ukrajinskych-s/721303-clanok.html)\n[8 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[9 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[10 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023; UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\nSlovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n[11 UNHCR, Regional Intentions Survey Results (3rd & 4th Round): Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/304?sv=54&geo=0)\n12 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ [. (2023), Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[from Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n13 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ . (2023), [Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees from](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9946647882461548, - "start": 198, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9938719272613525, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7042944431304932, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents in need of healthcare", - "confidence": 0.6494266986846924, - "start": 206, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area-Based\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.978840708732605, - "start": 298, - "end": 300 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.5150198340415955, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6136073470115662, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Intentions Survey", - "confidence": 0.9943661689758301, - "start": 383, - "end": 385 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8271812200546265, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.786302387714386, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9295458793640137, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9462202787399292, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.851239025592804, - "start": 783, - "end": 788 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.977362334728241, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6773480772972107, - "start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9807738661766052, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.948408842086792, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n\nsupport of the Slovak Government, UNHCR in collaboration with UNICEF launched the Cash Assistance\nProgramme to support vulnerable refugees, including persons with disabilities, persons with serious\nmedical conditions, or older persons who often faced heightened protection risks, as well as increased\nmedical needs and costs. From its launch on 24 April till the end of June 2023, 6,618 persons received\nthis financial support, and the Programme continued thereafter.\n\n#### Access to Employment\n\n\nEnsuring fair and equal access to dignified work is essential for the successful socioeconomic inclusion\nof refugees in the host society. It is commendable that refugees gain an immediate right to be employed\nas they obtain Temporary Protection status in Slovakia. [14] According to the Protection Profiling and\nMonitoring respondents in Slovakia, 42% reported being economically active, [15] while 30% were\nunemployed at the time of the interview. Key reasons for unemployment included language barrier\n(42%), lack of employment opportunities (22%), lack of childcare (5%), and challenges related to\neducation recognition (4%). [16] Language barrier was consistently identified as the main obstacle to finding\nemployment, with additional challenges including skills mismatch, health-related reasons, [17] or the\ntemporary nature of the Temporary Protection status _vis a vis_ the requirement for longer-term\ncommitment to certain jobs. The urgency of employment as a need was emphasized by 45% of\nrespondents, and 41% expressed a need for more information on job opportunities in Slovakia. [18] Focus\ngroup discussions highlighted refugees' strong desire for self-reliance and determination not to rely\nsolely on financial assistance. [19]\n\n\n_\u201cGiving cash is a basic type of support, but if you give the_\n_chance to someone to work, it will help the person to improve_\n\n_and be productive. All [refugees] here are educated and have_\n\n_experience.\u201d_\n\n_Refugee in Opatovsk\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves_ _[20]_\n\n\nSome employment sectors, especially healthcare and education, posed obstacles for refugee\nprofessionals due to non-acceptance of Ukrainian qualifications, requiring expensive and complex\ndiploma recognition processes. [21] Notably, earlier data suggested that many refugees have background\nprecisely in occupational sectors that are highly demanded in Slovakia, including education (17%) and\nhealthcare (10%), [22] which nevertheless require burdensome qualification recognition. Despite the high\nlevel of education (75% with higher education or university degrees) and previous economic activity\n(61% were employed or self-employed before leaving Ukraine) of the refugee population in Slovakia, [23]\nmany were employed in lower-skilled jobs with strenuous working conditions and decreased salaries\nsince they arrived in Slovakia, resulting in increased economic vulnerability. [24] During focus group\ndiscussions, many refugees expressed struggles in covering basic needs, including expenses for children,\nschool supplies, transportation, and medical costs. [25]\n\n\nBesides the accessibility of adequate employment, addressing different disadvantaging and\ndiscriminatory practices in employment \u2013 some of which may amount to labor exploitation \u2013 is\nimperative. Concerns include working without contracts, receiving lower pay than Slovak nationals for\nthe same work, not being paid the agreed wages, delays in payment, and long working hours. [26] Women,\nin particular, face challenges combating not only the wage gap between refugees and Slovak nationals\nbut also additional gender-based wage disparities.\n\n\n14 Refugees with Temporary Protection status in Slovakia currently cannot engage in self-employment.\n15 31% were employed in Slovakia, while 10% were employed remotely, and 1% self-employed.\n[16 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[17 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[18 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[19 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: July 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[20 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: July 2023, p. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n21 UNHCR, REACH (2023), [Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023; UNHCR (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160) [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[Social Protection and Cash Assistance: July 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[22 UNHCR Slovakia (2022), Slovakia Protection Profiling & Monitoring: Profiles, Needs & Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine \u2013 October 2022.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97115)\n[23 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[24 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[25 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: July 2023, p. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n26 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Profiling and\nMonitoring respondents", - "confidence": 0.8656503558158875, - "start": 152, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9915727376937866, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7433872222900391, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus\ngroup discussions", - "confidence": 0.8784835934638977, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8478050827980042, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9765100479125977, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "earlier data", - "confidence": 0.8043515682220459, - "start": 418, - "end": 420 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.7155272364616394, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7870746850967407, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group\ndiscussions", - "confidence": 0.9673336148262024, - "start": 530, - "end": 533 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.7225874066352844, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.7896743416786194, - "start": 493, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area Based Assessment Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8553975224494934, - "start": 814, - "end": 818 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8954132199287415, - "start": 776, - "end": 777 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9156268835067749, - "start": 817, - "end": 818 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7066061496734619, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6328550577163696, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.572242796421051, - "start": 760, - "end": 761 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area Based Assessment Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8215927481651306, - "start": 916, - "end": 920 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7466939091682434, - "start": 909, - "end": 910 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9806264042854309, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.996632993221283, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.943449854850769, - "start": 900, - "end": 901 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions with Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5523194074630737, - "start": 936, - "end": 941 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9439281225204468, - "start": 909, - "end": 910 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8920720219612122, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9374707341194153, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9670813679695129, - "start": 900, - "end": 901 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n\nIn response, UNHCR collaborated with partners, including at Blue Dots, to support refugees' access to\ndignified employment through information provision, job counseling, assistance with CV preparation,\nlanguage courses, vocational training, and legal aid. Additionally, in support of the Slovak Government,\nUNHCR in collaboration with UNICEF provided cash assistance to 40,946 vulnerable refugees between\nNovember 2022 and June 2023, minimizing protection risks and negative coping mechanisms, and\nsupporting them to meet their basic needs including those related to winter.\n\n#### Access to Education\n\n\nIn forced displacement contexts, education often provides children with a sense of stability and normalcy\nand protects them from major risks such as child labor and sexual exploitation. In Slovakia, refugee\nchildren, including those with Temporary Protection, have access to free education. At the same time,\nthe Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter \u201cMinistry of\nEducation\u201d) does not consider school attendance compulsory for refugee children with Temporary\nProtection, [27] which has been strongly impacting their enrollment. The main reasons reported through\nProtection Profiling and Monitoring included a preference for online education in Ukrainian schools\n(67%), a lack of space in Slovak schools (13%), and language barrier (10%). Additionally, 54% of\nrespondents with infants (0-4) could not access childcare services in Slovakia. The urgency of education\nas a need was emphasized by 21% of respondents, and 18% expressed a need for more information on\neducation in Slovakia. [28]\n\n\nFocus group discussions revealed varied educational approaches of refugee parents and students, with\nsome children attending only online Ukrainian education, some only Slovak in-person education, and\nsome attending both simultaneously. UNHCR noted with concern that children attending only Ukrainian\neducation often lacked necessary equipment to follow the online curriculum and lacked social\ninteractions, while following both education systems simultaneously proved to be very burdensome for\nthe children and their parents. [29]\n\n\nUNESCO analyzed different measures in Slovakia to improve access to the national education system\nfor refugee children in Slovakia. [30] While the School and Education Act mandates Slovak language classes\nfor non-national students to address the language barrier, a public survey indicated that only 54% and\n31% of schools organized these classes in the academic years 2021/22 and 2022/23, respectively. [31] The\nMinistry of Education also provides a one-off payment of 200 euros per student with Temporary\nProtection to cover school supplies and some other expenses. In general, 62% of institutions considered\nthe overall support they received to provide education to refugee students as sufficient. [32] Additionally,\nschools can increase classroom capacities by three students to accommodate refugee students from\nUkraine, provided safety conditions are maintained. Guidance from the Ministry obliges directors to\nplace refugee children with Temporary Protection in their schools, with exceptions made only when\nregional health authorities reject capacity increase. [33]\n\n\nDespite these measures, many schools faced capacity constraints, with 19% of surveyed schools unable\nto accept refugee applicants, rising to 52% in the Bratislava region. [34] Lack of capacities was far more\ncommon in urban areas, while in remote areas challenges were faced in terms of transportation to school,\nas children often had to commute longer distances. Notably, some refugees struggled to find appropriate\nor inclusive schools for children with disabilities. [35] Only 11% of surveyed schools arranged for teaching\nassistants and 26% would need special pedagogical support (for children with specific needs) in\nUkrainian language. [36] Finally, concerns were also raised about bullying of refugee children in Slovak\nschools. [37]\n\n\n[27 Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[Ukrajine z poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[28 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n29 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n[30 UNESCO, Slovakia's education responses to the influx of Ukrainian refugees.](https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war/education/slovakia-support?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005e73247d022a20af6ea06c6f49b85113fe2ba0a4fd415e459ae4956fc93aa64108d014d4aa143000f8c2b938380d716377c015fadc3d27c0db58d7fe0521689c1a9b6fa4ed45db7123e3f361ab3f550d252b364ab2c8b1d9#:~:text=The%20education%20system%20in%20Slovakia,Protection%20status%20is%20not%20compulsory.)\n[31 Public School Inspectorate (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n[32 Public School Inspectorate (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n[33 Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na Ukrajine z poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[34 Public School Inspectorate (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n35 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n[36 Public School Inspectorate (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n[37 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023; ; UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\nin Slovakia: June 2022 \u2013 June 2023 [Manuscript in preparation].\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6572768092155457, - "start": 753, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9981170892715454, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9870492815971375, - "start": 785, - "end": 786 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.99458247423172, - "start": 774, - "end": 775 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9373888969421387, - "start": 764, - "end": 765 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny", - "confidence": 0.5508699417114258, - "start": 909, - "end": 916 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Public School Inspectorate", - "confidence": 0.7920629978179932, - "start": 902, - "end": 905 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9927789568901062, - "start": 941, - "end": 942 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9924929738044739, - "start": 906, - "end": 907 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9242190718650818, - "start": 939, - "end": 940 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area Based Assessment Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.6747894287109375, - "start": 990, - "end": 994 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7664638161659241, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9897733330726624, - "start": 941, - "end": 942 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8953017592430115, - "start": 906, - "end": 907 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7799989581108093, - "start": 939, - "end": 940 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n\nIn response, UNHCR collaborated with partners, including at Blue Dots, to support refugees' access to\neducation through information provision, counseling, assistance with placing children in Slovak schools\nand childcare facilities, support for families with children with specific needs or those suffering from\nbullying. UNHCR also strengthened its relationship with the Slovak Ministry of Education in key areas\nsuch as information and data sharing and advocated for the implementation of measures aiming at\nincreasing national school capacities and providing targeted support to refugee students.\n\n\nRefugee students have the right to access higher education in Slovakia, but challenges related to\nknowledge of the Slovak language and socioeconomic inclusion may pose practical barriers, preventing\nstudents from enrolling in Slovak universities. UNHCR provided DAFI scholarships to 8 students enrolled\nin undergraduate study programmes in Slovak universities (Bratislava, Nitra and Ko\u0161ice) for the 2022/23\nacademic year, supporting them to cover basic expenses such as accommodation, food, local\ntransportation and study materials.\n\n## Calls to Action\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the ongoing generosity of the Slovak Government and society in responding to the\nneeds of refugees fleeing Ukraine, and the example this sets internationally and within the EU. Even\nwith this commitment and favorable protection environment, some challenges persist. The Slovak\nGovernment's openness to proactive engagement with UN agencies and civil society has made it\npossible to identify and address gaps in national systems, which also exist in other EU countries hosting\nrefugees from Ukraine. In this sense, UNHCR formulates recommendations to the Government of\nSlovakia, with a view to strengthen refugees \u2019 access to rights and inclusion in the areas covered in this\nProtection Brief II.\n\n#### Recommendations: Access to Healthcare\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Facilitate practical admission of refugees with Temporary Protection by healthcare practitioners\nregardless of the \u201ctolerated stay\u201d type of residence that comes with their legal status.\n\n - Strengthen information flow to healthcare practitioners and the public health insurance\ncompany and ensure that they are fully aware of refugees \u2019 healthcare entitlements.\n\n - Secure publicly provided interpreters when requested by healthcare practitioners.\n\n#### Recommendations: Access to Employment\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Allow for self-employment of refugees with Temporary Protection status, in line with the EU\nTemporary Protection Directive and practice in different EU countries.\n\n - Strengthen Slovak language courses through the Offices of Labor, Social Affairs, and Family,\nextending duration and bolstering specialized courses for professional areas like healthcare,\neducation, economics, law, social work, etc.\n\n - Further alleviate administrative, additional educational, and financial burdens related to foreign\nqualification recognition, in particular facilitating recognition of foreign diplomas for regulated\nprofessions, and actively incorporate refugee professionals into sectors with labor shortages in\nSlovakia.\n\n#### Recommendations: Access to Education\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Introduce necessary changes aiming at making school attendance explicitly compulsory for\nrefugee children with Temporary Protection status in Slovakia.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVAKIA**\n\n**November 2022 \u2013 June 2023**\n\n\n- Increase school and childcare capacities to enable them absorb refugee students, or alternatively\nsupport transportation for those unable to enroll in nearby institutions alleviating capacity\nconstraints in urban areas.\n\n- Ensure sufficient Slovak language support classes at schools with refugee students.\n\n- Implement national programmes that address the specific needs of refugee students, tackle\ndiscrimination in the school environment, help with adaptation to the new system, and support\ncatching up on missed learning (e.g. preparatory classes, bridging programmes, anti-bullying\nprogrammes, etc.).\n\n- Recruit additional teachers, teaching assistants, special-pedagogical assistants, and mental\nhealth professionals, including from the refugee communities, to enhance targeted support to\nrefugee learners in schools.\n\n- Organize accredited trainings for teachers and educational staff on issues related to the practical\ninclusion of refugee learners in the educational process and host community.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ffc455d-d4de-4ea9-b91d-c0db09b74e05/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_399/raw/doc_399_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_399/raw/doc_399_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a99aadfd61bf3ae6c057d6e65a13d37421ff97bd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_399/raw/doc_399_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF II** **SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n## Operat\u00edvny kontext a anal\u00fdza\n\n\nPo\u010das obdobia, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva tento Protection Brief II (november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023), prekro\u010dilo hranicu\nz Ukrajiny na Slovensko 592 760 os\u00f4b, \u010d\u00edm sa ich celkov\u00fd po\u010det od za\u010diatku ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu vo\nfebru\u00e1ri 2022 zv\u00fd\u0161il na takmer 1,5 mili\u00f3na. K 30. j\u00fanu 2023 malo na Slovensku \u0161tat\u00fat do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska\n111 822 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed museli od\u00eds\u0165 z Ukrajiny.\n\n\nSlovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na\u010falej ve\u013ekoryso a solid\u00e1rne reagovala na svoj doteraz najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edchod ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov. Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 kr\u00edzov\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia v roku 2022 sa v roku 2023 vyvinula smerom k situ\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 sa\n\u010doraz viac vyzna\u010duje d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165ou za\u010dlenenia ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov do \u0161t\u00e1tnych a miestnych verejn\u00fdch\nslu\u017eieb a v\u0161eobecnej\u0161ie ich soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9ho za\u010dlenenia do hostite\u013eskej spolo\u010dnosti na Slovensku.\nToto obdobie, podrobne prebran\u00e9 v tomto Protection Brief II, bolo svedkom pokroku aj v\u00fdziev.\n\n\n\u00darad Vysok\u00e9ho komis\u00e1ra OSN pre ute\u010dencov (UNHCR) prostredn\u00edctvom Protection Profiling a\nMonitoring, [1] Area-Based Assessment [2] a skupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed s ute\u010denkami a ute\u010dencami [3] neust\u00e1le\nmonitoruje ich situ\u00e1ciu a potreby. Tento Protection Brief II konsoliduje a analyzuje zistenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa\npr\u00edstupu k zdravotnej starostlivosti, zamestnaniu a vzdel\u00e1vaniu, doplnen\u00e9 o \u010fal\u0161ie zdroje \u00fadajov. Opisuje\ntie\u017e reakciu UNHCR a jeho partnerov, ktor\u00ed podporuj\u00fa vl\u00e1du Slovenskej republiky pri rie\u0161en\u00ed medzier a\nv\u00fdziev. Napokon pon\u00faka odpor\u00fa\u010dania na posilnenie pr\u00edstupu ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k ich pr\u00e1vam a\nmo\u017enostiam za\u010dlenenia.\n## K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 trendy a \u010d\u00edsla [4]\n\n\n1 UNHCR, [Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; V obdob\u00ed od novembra 2022 do j\u00fana](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n2023 sa uskuto\u010dnilo 3 859 Protection Profiling a Monitoring rozhovorov (pokr\u00fdvaj\u00facich 7 941 \u010dlenov dom\u00e1cnosti). Vzh\u013eadom na metodologick\u00e9\nobmedzenia nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nevyhnutne extrapolova\u0165 na cel\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny na Slovensku a s\u00fa len indikat\u00edvne\noh\u013eadom ich situ\u00e1cie.\n[2 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n3 UNHCR (2023), [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: j\u00fal 2023; UNHCR (2023), Analysis](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\nof Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[4 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n## V\u00fdzvy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa ochrany ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov\n\n#### Pr\u00edstup k zdravotnej starostlivosti\n\n\nOd 1. janu\u00e1ra 2023 vl\u00e1da Slovenskej republiky roz\u0161\u00edrila rozsah zdravotnej starostlivosti pre deti\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov z \"neodkladnej a potrebnej\" starostlivosti na pln\u00fd rozsah. [5 ] To obn\u00e1\u0161alo\nzos\u00faladenie v\u00fd\u0161ky \u00fahrad, ktor\u00e9 verejn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00e1 pois\u0165ov\u0148a vypl\u00e1ca lek\u00e1rom za starostlivos\u0165 o deti\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov so sumami vypl\u00e1can\u00fdmi za starostlivos\u0165 o slovensk\u00e9 deti, \u010d\u00edm sa adresovala t\u00e1to\nsitu\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 predt\u00fdm odr\u00e1dzala poskytovate\u013eov zdravotnej starostlivosti. Toto roz\u0161\u00edrenie\npredstavovalo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pozit\u00edvny krok na dlh\u0161ej ceste ku garantovaniu pr\u00e1va na zdravie ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov na Slovensku. Okrem toho vl\u00e1da podnikla aj chv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e9 kroky na zjednodu\u0161enie uzn\u00e1vania\nzahrani\u010dn\u00fdch diplomov, aj pre pediatrov, \u010do viedlo k zamestnaniu 30 pediatrov z Ukrajiny do konca j\u00fana\n2023, [6] ako aj zdravotn\u00fdch sestier. [7] Tieto opatrenia posil\u0148uj\u00fa kapacity zdravotn\u00edckeho syst\u00e9mu na\nSlovensku, z \u010doho benefituj\u00fa komunity ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov ako aj slovensk\u00e9 komunity.\n\n\nPre v\u0161eobecn\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov bol z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u00edstup k zdravotnej starostlivosti na\u010falej\nn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd. Pod\u013ea prieskumu Protection Profiling a Monitoring malo 22 % tak\u00fdch respondentov, ktor\u00ed\npotrebuj\u00fa zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, \u0165a\u017ekosti s pr\u00edstupom k zdravotn\u00edckemu syst\u00e9mu na Slovensku, a to z\nviacer\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov vr\u00e1tane dlh\u00e9ho \u010dakania (56 %), cenovej dostupnosti (44 %), odmietnutia pr\u00edstupu (29\n%), jazykovej bari\u00e9ry (28 %) a nedostupnosti starostlivosti (23 %). Respondenti ozna\u010dili zdravotn\u00fa\nstarostlivos\u0165 za jednu z najnaliehavej\u0161\u00edch potrieb a 33 % uviedlo, \u017ee by potrebovali viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\nzdravotnej starostlivosti na Slovensku. [8] Okrem toho 49 % respondentov Area-Based Assessment nemalo\nalebo si nebolo ist\u00fdch, \u010di maj\u00fa v bl\u00edzkosti v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra, a 54 % nevedelo o slu\u017eb\u00e1ch du\u0161evn\u00e9ho\nzdravia a psychosoci\u00e1lnej podpory vo svojej oblasti. [9] V skupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00e1ch ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci\npouk\u00e1zali na pre\u0165a\u017eenie syst\u00e9mu zdravotnej starostlivosti, nedostatok \u0161pecialistov, vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a dlh\u00e9\n\u010dakacie doby. [10] UNHCR si so znepokojen\u00edm v\u0161\u00edmal, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci boli kv\u00f4li t\u00fdmto\nprobl\u00e9mom n\u00faten\u00ed do\u010dasne nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 Ukrajinu, aby sa dostali k zdravotnej starostlivosti. Pod\u013ea prieskumu\nz\u00e1merov Intentions Survey 19% z t\u00fdch ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed do\u010dasne nav\u0161t\u00edvili Ukrajinu, tak\nurobilo kv\u00f4li potreb\u00e1m zdravotnej starostlivosti. [11]\n\n\nPredmetom osobitnej pozornosti bol pr\u00edstup k slu\u017eb\u00e1m sexu\u00e1lneho a reproduk\u010dn\u00e9ho zdravia na\nSlovensku. Pod\u013ea \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu \"Starostlivos\u0165 v kr\u00edze: zlyhania pri garantovan\u00ed sexu\u00e1lneho a\nreproduk\u010dn\u00e9ho zdravia a pr\u00e1v ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny v Ma\u010farsku, Po\u013esku, Rumunsku a na\nSlovensku\" [12] boli do\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161tevy Ukrajiny kv\u00f4li t\u00fdmto slu\u017eb\u00e1m be\u017en\u00e9 a ute\u010denky \u010dasto odkladali\nvyh\u013eadanie tejto \u010dasovo citlivej lek\u00e1rskej starostlivosti kv\u00f4li \u0165a\u017ekostiam s pr\u00edstupom. \u0160t\u00fadia uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee\ncel\u00e9 nemocnice, najm\u00e4 na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku, niekedy odmietaj\u00fa poskytova\u0165 interrupcie, \u010do vedie\nk dlh\u00e9mu cestovaniu a oneskoreniam. Taktie\u017e bolo vyjadren\u00e9 znepokojenie z toho, \u017ee r\u00f3mske ute\u010denky\nz Ukrajiny \u010delia viacn\u00e1sobnej diskrimin\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 vedie k \u010dastej\u0161iemu odopieraniu bezplatnej zdravotnej\nstarostlivosti alebo diskrimina\u010dn\u00fdm postojom. Okrem toho nedostatok \u0161pecializovanej starostlivosti pre\nLGBTIQ+ komunitu, vr\u00e1tane trans mu\u017eov a \u017eien, viedol LGBTIQ+ ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov k tomu, aby\nh\u013eadali starostlivos\u0165 v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da). [13]\n\n\n5 Ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva Slovenskej republiky, [Ur\u010denie rozsahu potrebnej zdravotnej starostlivosti; UNHCR v\u00edta, \u017ee po obdob\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva](https://www.health.gov.sk/?urcenie-rozsahu-potrebnej-zdravotnej-starostlivosti)\ntento Protection Brief (november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023), vl\u00e1da Slovenskej republiky od septembra 2023 plne roz\u0161\u00edrila rozsah zdravotnej starostlivosti, s\nv\u00fdnimkou k\u00fape\u013enej lie\u010dby, aj na dospel\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom.\n[6 Tla\u010dov\u00e1 agent\u00fara Slovenskej republiky (2023), Na Slovensku bude p\u00f4sobi\u0165 30 pediatrov z Ukrajiny.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/uv-sr-na-slovensku-bude-posobit-30-p/724829-clanok.html)\n[7 Tla\u010dov\u00e1 agent\u00fara Slovenskej republiky (2023), MZ SR: Uzn\u00e1vanie vzdelania ukrajinsk\u00fdch sestier sa zjednodu\u0161uje.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/mz-uznavanie-vzdelania-ukrajinskych-s/721303-clanok.html)\n[8 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[9 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[10 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023; UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\nSlovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[11 UNHCR, Regional Intentions Survey Results (3rd & 4th Round): Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/304?sv=54&geo=0)\n12 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ [. (2023), Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[from Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n13 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ . (2023), [Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees from](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n\nV reakcii na to UNHCR spolupracoval s partnermi, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centr\u00e1ch Blue Dot, na podpore\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov s ich pr\u00edstupom k zdravotnej starostlivosti prostredn\u00edctvom poradenstva,\ntlmo\u010dn\u00edckych slu\u017eieb a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch post\u00fapen\u00ed na \u0161pecializovan\u00fa podporu. V j\u00fani 2023 sa UNHCR zapojil do\npartnerstva s miestnymi mimovl\u00e1dnymi organiz\u00e1ciami s odborn\u00fdmi znalos\u0165ami v oblasti rodovo\npodmienen\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia (GBV) s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 a u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edstup k \u0161pecializovan\u00fdm GBV a zdravotn\u00edckym\nslu\u017eb\u00e1m pre obete rodovo podmienen\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia, vr\u00e1tane linky pomoci pre bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00edskavanie\ninform\u00e1ci\u00ed a post\u00fapenie na \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 GBV slu\u017eby. Okrem toho UNHCR v spolupr\u00e1ci s UNICEF,\nv r\u00e1mci podpory slovenskej vl\u00e1dy, spustil program finan\u010dnej pomoci pre zranite\u013en\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov,\nvr\u00e1tane os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, os\u00f4b s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami alebo star\u0161\u00edch\nos\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto \u010delia zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizik\u00e1m pre ich ochranu, ako aj zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm potreb\u00e1m a\nn\u00e1kladom. Od jeho spustenia 24. apr\u00edla do konca j\u00fana 2023 t\u00fato finan\u010dn\u00fa podporu z\u00edskalo 6 618 os\u00f4b a\nprogram pokra\u010doval \u010falej.\n\n#### Pr\u00edstup k zamestnaniu\n\n\nZabezpe\u010denie spravodliv\u00e9ho a rovnocenn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k d\u00f4stojnej pr\u00e1ci je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9\nsoci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9 za\u010dlenenie ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov do hostite\u013eskej spolo\u010dnosti. Je chv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e9, \u017ee\nute\u010denky a ute\u010denci z\u00edskaj\u00fa okam\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo zamestna\u0165 sa, ke\u010f z\u00edskaj\u00fa \u0161tat\u00fat do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska na\nSlovensku. [14] Pod\u013ea respondentov prieskumu Protection Profiling a Monitoring na Slovensku, 42 %\nuviedlo, \u017ee boli ekonomicky akt\u00edvni, [15] zatia\u013e \u010do 30 % bolo v \u010dase rozhovoru nezamestnan\u00fdch. Medzi\nhlavn\u00e9 d\u00f4vody nezamestnanosti patrila jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra (42 %), nedostatok pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed (22\n%), nedostatok slu\u017eieb starostlivosti o deti (\u0161k\u00f4lok) (5 %) a probl\u00e9my s\u00favisiace s uzn\u00e1van\u00edm vzdelania (4\n%). [16] Jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra sa konzistentne identifikovala ako hlavn\u00e1 prek\u00e1\u017eka pri h\u013eadan\u00ed zamestnania,\npri\u010dom \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdzvy zah\u0155\u0148ali nes\u00falad medzi pon\u00fakan\u00fdmi a po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi zru\u010dnos\u0165ami, zdravotn\u00e9\nd\u00f4vody [17] alebo do\u010dasn\u00fd charakter \u0161tat\u00fatu do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska oproti po\u017eiadavke dlhodobej\u0161ieho\nz\u00e1v\u00e4zku na vykon\u00e1vanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch pr\u00e1c. Naliehavos\u0165 zamestnanosti ako potreby zd\u00f4raznilo 45 %\nrespondentov a 41 % uviedlo potrebu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00edle\u017eitostiach na Slovensku. [18] V\nskupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00e1ch bola zd\u00f4raznen\u00e1 siln\u00e1 t\u00fa\u017eba ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov po sebesta\u010dnosti a\nodhodlanie nespolieha\u0165 sa len na finan\u010dn\u00fa pomoc. [19]\n\n\n_\"Finan\u010dn\u00e1 pomoc je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm typom podpory, ale ak d\u00e1te_\n\n_niekomu \u0161ancu pracova\u0165, pom\u00f4\u017ee mu to zlep\u0161i\u0165 sa a by\u0165_\n\n_produkt\u00edvny. V\u0161etci [ute\u010denci] s\u00fa tu vzdelan\u00ed a maj\u00fa_\n\n_sk\u00fasenosti.\"_\n\n_Ute\u010denec/ka v Opatovskej Novej Vsi_ _[20]_\n\n\nNiektor\u00e9 odvetvia, najm\u00e4 zdravotn\u00edctvo a \u0161kolstvo, predstavovali prek\u00e1\u017eky pre odborn\u00edkov z radov\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov z d\u00f4vodu neakceptovania ukrajinsk\u00e9ho vzdelania, \u010do si vy\u017eadovalo n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a\nzlo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy uzn\u00e1vania diplomov. [21] Je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, \u017ee skor\u0161ie \u00fadaje nazna\u010dili, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 ute\u010denky a\nute\u010denci maj\u00fa vzdelanie a sk\u00fasenosti pr\u00e1ve v profesijn\u00fdch odvetviach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na Slovensku ve\u013emi\n\u017eiadan\u00e9, vr\u00e1tane \u0161kolstva (17 %) a zdravotn\u00edctva (10 %). [22] Tieto odvetvia si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduj\u00fa zlo\u017eit\u00e9\nuzn\u00e1vanie kvalifik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Napriek vysokej \u00farovni vzdelania (75 % s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm alebo vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdm vzdelan\u00edm)\na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej ekonomickej \u010dinnosti (61 % bolo pred odchodom z Ukrajiny zamestnan\u00fdch alebo\nsamostatne z\u00e1robkovo \u010dinn\u00fdch) ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na Slovensku, [23] mnoh\u00ed boli od svojho pr\u00edchodu\ndo krajiny zamestnan\u00ed na menej kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miestach s \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi pracovn\u00fdmi\npodmienkami a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi platmi, \u010do malo za n\u00e1sledok ich zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa ekonomick\u00fa zranite\u013enos\u0165. [24] Po\u010das\n\n\n14 Ute\u010denci so do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na Slovensku v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nem\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 samostatn\u00fa z\u00e1robkov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.\n15 Na Slovensku bolo zamestnan\u00fdch 31 %, zatia\u013e \u010do 10 % bolo zamestnan\u00fdch na dia\u013eku a 1 % samostatne z\u00e1robkovo \u010dinn\u00fdch os\u00f4b.\n[16 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[17 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[18 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n19 UNHCR (2023), [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: j\u00fal 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n20 UNHCR (2023), [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: j\u00fal 2023, s. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[21 UNHCR, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023; UNHCR (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160) [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[Social Protection and Cash Assistance: j\u00fal 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[22 UNHCR Slovakia (2022), Slovakia Protection Profiling & Monitoring: Profiles, Needs & Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine \u2013 October 2022.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97115)\n[23 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[24 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n\nskupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci vyjadrili \u0165a\u017ekosti s pokryt\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch potrieb vr\u00e1tane\nv\u00fddavkov na deti, \u0161kolsk\u00fdch potrieb, dopravy a n\u00e1kladov na zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165. [25]\n\n\nOkrem dostupnosti adekv\u00e1tneho zamestnania je nevyhnutn\u00e9 rie\u0161i\u0165 aj r\u00f4zne znev\u00fdhod\u0148uj\u00face a\ndiskrimina\u010dn\u00e9 praktiky na pracovisku, z ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 pracovn\u00e9 vykoris\u0165ovanie.\nZnepokojuj\u00face s\u00fa napr\u00edklad pr\u00e1ca bez zmluvy, poberanie ni\u017e\u0161ej mzdy ako slovensk\u00ed ob\u010dania za rovnak\u00fa\npr\u00e1cu, nevypl\u00e1canie dohodnut\u00fdch miezd, me\u0161kanie platov \u010di dlh\u00fd pracovn\u00fd \u010das. [26] Najm\u00e4 \u017eeny sa musia\nvysporiada\u0165 nie len s platov\u00fdm rozdielom medzi ute\u010denkami a slovensk\u00fdmi ob\u010danmi, ale aj s rozdielom v\nodme\u0148ovan\u00ed \u017eien a mu\u017eov.\n\n\nV reakcii na to UNHCR spolupracoval s partnermi, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centr\u00e1ch Blue Dot, na podpore pr\u00edstupu\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k d\u00f4stojn\u00e9mu zamestnaniu prostredn\u00edctvom poskytovania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed,\npracovn\u00e9ho poradenstva, pomoci pri pr\u00edprave \u017eivotopisov, jazykov\u00fdch kurzov, odbornej pr\u00edpravy a\npr\u00e1vnej pomoci. Okrem toho UNHCR v spolupr\u00e1ci s UNICEF, v r\u00e1mci podpory slovenskej vl\u00e1dy, poskytol\nod novembra 2022 do j\u00fana 2023 finan\u010dn\u00fa pomoc 40 946 zranite\u013en\u00fdm ute\u010denk\u00e1m a ute\u010dencom, v z\u00e1ujme\nminimalizova\u0165 rizik\u00e1 pre ich ochranu a negat\u00edvne mechanizmy vyrovn\u00e1vania sa so \u017eivotnou situ\u00e1ciou, a\npodporil pokr\u00fdvanie ich z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch potrieb vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia so zimn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm.\n\n#### Pr\u00edstup k vzdel\u00e1vaniu\n\nV kontexte n\u00faten\u00e9ho vys\u00eddlenia vzdel\u00e1vanie \u010dasto poskytuje de\u0165om pocit stability a be\u017enosti a chr\u00e1ni ich\npred ve\u013ek\u00fdmi rizikami, ako je detsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca a sexu\u00e1lne vykoris\u0165ovanie. Na Slovensku maj\u00fa deti ute\u010deniek\na ute\u010dencov, vr\u00e1tane det\u00ed s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, pr\u00edstup k bezplatn\u00e9mu vzdel\u00e1vaniu. Ministerstvo\n\u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky (\u010falej len \"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva\") z\u00e1rove\u0148\nnepova\u017euje \u0161kolsk\u00fa doch\u00e1dzku det\u00ed ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom za povinn\u00fa, [27] \u010do\nv\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148uje mieru ich z\u00e1pisu do \u0161k\u00f4l. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 d\u00f4vody uv\u00e1dzan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom Protection\nProfiling a Monitoring patr\u00ed uprednost\u0148ovanie online vzdel\u00e1vania cez ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u0161koly (67 %), nedostatok\nmiest v slovensk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch (13 %) a jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra (10 %). Okrem toho 54 % respondentov s mal\u00fdmi\nde\u0165mi (0 \u2013 4 rokov) nemalo pr\u00edstup k slu\u017eb\u00e1m starostlivosti o deti (\u0161k\u00f4lky/jasle) na Slovensku. Naliehavos\u0165\nvzdel\u00e1vania ako potreby zd\u00f4raznilo 21 % respondentov a 18 % uviedlo potrebu viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\nvzdel\u00e1van\u00ed na Slovensku. [28]\n\n\nSkupinov\u00e9 diskusie odhalili r\u00f4zne pr\u00edstupy rodi\u010dov a \u0161tudentov-ute\u010dencov k vzdel\u00e1vaniu, pri\u010dom\nniektor\u00e9 deti nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa iba online ukrajinsk\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie, niektor\u00e9 len slovensk\u00e9 prezen\u010dn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie\na niektor\u00e9 nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa oboje s\u00fa\u010dasne. UNHCR si so znepokojen\u00edm v\u0161\u00edmal, \u017ee de\u0165om, ktor\u00e9 nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa len\nukrajinsk\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie, \u010dasto ch\u00fdba potrebn\u00e9 vybavenie na dodr\u017eiavanie online u\u010debn\u00fdch osnov a\nch\u00fdbaj\u00fa im soci\u00e1lne interakcie, pri\u010dom \u00fa\u010das\u0165 v oboch vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9moch s\u00fa\u010dasne sa uk\u00e1zala ako\nve\u013ek\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e pre deti a ich rodi\u010dov. [29]\n\n\nUNESCO zanalyzovalo r\u00f4zne opatrenia na zlep\u0161enie pr\u00edstupu det\u00ed ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k \u0161t\u00e1tnemu\n\u0161kolsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu na Slovensku. [30] Zatia\u013e \u010do z\u00e1kon o v\u00fdchove a vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed naria\u010fuje hodiny\nslovensk\u00e9ho jazyka pre \u0161tudentky a \u0161tudentov cudzincov kv\u00f4li rie\u0161eniu ich jazykovej bari\u00e9ry, verejn\u00fd\nprieskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee v \u0161kolsk\u00fdch rokoch 2021/22 a 2022/23 tieto hodiny organizovalo len 54 % a 31 %\n\u0161k\u00f4l. [31] Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva tie\u017e poskytuje jednorazov\u00fd pr\u00edspevok vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 200 eur na \u0161tudenta s\ndo\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na pokrytie \u0161kolsk\u00fdch potrieb a niektor\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fddavkov. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti 62\n% in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed pova\u017eovalo za dostato\u010dn\u00fa celkov\u00fa podporu, ktor\u00fa dostali pri poskytovan\u00ed vzdel\u00e1vania\n\u0161tudentk\u00e1m a \u0161tudentom z radov ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov. [32] Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu \u0161koly zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kapacitu tried\n\n- troch \u0161tudentov, aby mohli prija\u0165 \u0161tudentov-ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny za predpokladu, \u017ee sa zachovaj\u00fa\nbezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 podmienky. Usmernenie ministerstva uklad\u00e1 riadite\u013eom povinnos\u0165 zaradi\u0165 deti ute\u010deniek\n\n\n[25 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: j\u00fal 2023, s. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n26 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[27Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na Ukrajine z](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[28 UNHCR, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n29 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[30 UNESCO, Slovakia's education responses to the influx of Ukrainian refugees.](https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war/education/slovakia-support?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005e73247d022a20af6ea06c6f49b85113fe2ba0a4fd415e459ae4956fc93aa64108d014d4aa143000f8c2b938380d716377c015fadc3d27c0db58d7fe0521689c1a9b6fa4ed45db7123e3f361ab3f550d252b364ab2c8b1d9#:~:text=The%20education%20system%20in%20Slovakia,Protection%20status%20is%20not%20compulsory.)\n[31 \u0160t\u00e1tna \u0161kolsk\u00e1 in\u0161pekcia (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n32 \u0160t\u00e1tna \u0161kolsk\u00e1 in\u0161pekcia (2023), [Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n\na ute\u010dencov s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom do svojich \u0161k\u00f4l, s v\u00fdnimkami len v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee Region\u00e1lne \u00farady\nverejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva odmietnu zv\u00fd\u0161enie kapac\u00edt. [33]\n\n\nNapriek t\u00fdmto opatreniam mnoh\u00e9 \u0161koly \u010delili kapacitn\u00fdm nedostatkom, pri\u010dom 19 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l\nnebolo schopn\u00fdch prija\u0165 hl\u00e1siace sa ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov, k\u00fdm v Bratislavskom kraji to bolo a\u017e 52 %\n\u0161k\u00f4l. [34] Nedostatok miest bol ove\u013ea be\u017enej\u0161\u00ed v mest\u00e1ch, zatia\u013e \u010do v od\u013eahlej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach sa \u010delilo v\u00fdzvam\nv s\u00favislosti s dopravou do \u0161koly, preto\u017ee deti museli \u010dasto doch\u00e1dza\u0165 dlh\u0161ie vzdialenosti. Taktie\u017e je\nz\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci mali probl\u00e9m n\u00e1js\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 alebo inkluz\u00edvne \u0161koly pre deti so\nzdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm. [35] Len 11 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l si zabezpe\u010dilo pedagogick\u00fdch asistentov a 26\n% by potrebovalo \u0161peci\u00e1lno-pedagogick\u00fa podporu (pre deti so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami) v ukrajinskom\njazyku. [36] Okrem toho boli vyjadren\u00e9 aj obavy zo \u0161ikanovania det\u00ed ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov v slovensk\u00fdch\n\u0161kol\u00e1ch. [37]\n\n\nV reakcii na to UNHCR spolupracoval s partnermi, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centrach Blue Dot, na podpore pr\u00edstupu\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k vzdel\u00e1vaniu prostredn\u00edctvom poskytovania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, poradenstva, pomoci pri\numiest\u0148ovan\u00ed det\u00ed do slovensk\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l a \u0161k\u00f4lok, podpory rod\u00edn s de\u0165mi so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami alebo\nt\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 trpia \u0161ikanovan\u00edm. UNHCR tie\u017e posilnil svoju spolupr\u00e1cu s Ministerstvom \u0161kolstva Slovenskej\nrepubliky v k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach, ako je zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u00fadajov, a zasadzoval sa za implement\u00e1ciu\nopatren\u00ed zameran\u00fdch na zv\u00fd\u0161enie kapac\u00edt \u0161t\u00e1tnych \u0161k\u00f4l a poskytovanie cielenej podpory \u0161tudentk\u00e1m a\n\u0161tudentom z radov ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov.\n\n\nUte\u010denky a ute\u010denci maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo na pr\u00edstup k vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9mu vzdel\u00e1vaniu na Slovensku, ale v\u00fdzvy\ns\u00favisiace so znalos\u0165ou slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka a soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00fdm za\u010dlenen\u00edm m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165\npraktick\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 t\u00fdmto \u0161tudentk\u00e1m a \u0161tudentom br\u00e1nia zap\u00edsa\u0165 sa na slovensk\u00e9 univerzity.\nUNHCR poskytol \u0161tipendi\u00e1 DAFI 8 \u0161tudentk\u00e1m a \u0161tudentom zap\u00edsan\u00fdm na bakal\u00e1rske \u0161tudijn\u00e9 programy\nna slovensk\u00fdch univerzit\u00e1ch (Bratislava, Nitra a Ko\u0161ice) na akademick\u00fd rok 2022/23 a podporil ich pri\npokryt\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov ako ubytovanie, strava, miestna doprava a \u0161tudijn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.\n\n## Odpor\u00fa\u010dania\n\n\nUNHCR v\u00edta pokra\u010duj\u00facu ve\u013ekorysos\u0165 slovenskej vl\u00e1dy a spolo\u010dnosti pri reakcii na potreby ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov utekaj\u00facich z Ukrajiny a pr\u00edklad, ktor\u00fd tento pr\u00edstup d\u00e1va na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni aj v r\u00e1mci\nE\u00da. Aj napriek tomuto odhodlaniu a priazniv\u00e9mu prostrediu v s\u00favislosti s ochranou ute\u010dencov\npretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Otvorenos\u0165 slovenskej vl\u00e1dy k proakt\u00edvnej spolupr\u00e1ci s agent\u00farami OSN a\nob\u010dianskou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou umo\u017enila identifikova\u0165 a rie\u0161i\u0165 medzery vo verejn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa\naj v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da, ktor\u00e9 prij\u00edmaj\u00fa ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny. V tomto zmysle UNHCR\nformuluje odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre slovensk\u00fa vl\u00e1du s cie\u013eom posilni\u0165 za\u010dlenenie a pr\u00edstup ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov\nk ich pr\u00e1vam v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pokrut\u00e9 v tomto Protection Brief II.\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: pr\u00edstup k zdravotnej starostlivosti\n\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - V praxi u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 prij\u00edmanie ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov so \u0161tat\u00fatom do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska k lek\u00e1rom, bez\noh\u013eadu na ich \"tolerovan\u00fd pobyt\", ktor\u00fd je spojen\u00fd s ich pr\u00e1vnym postaven\u00edm.\n\n - Posilni\u0165 informovanos\u0165 zdravotn\u00edckych pracovn\u00edkov a verejnej zdravotnej pois\u0165ovne a\nzabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby boli plne informovan\u00ed o pr\u00e1vach ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na zdravotn\u00fa\nstarostlivos\u0165.\n\n - Zabezpe\u010di\u0165 verejne poskytovan\u00fdch tlmo\u010dn\u00edkov v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f s\u00fa vy\u017eadovan\u00ed zdravotn\u00edckymi\npracovn\u00edkmi.\n\n\n[33Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva SR (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na Ukrajine z poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[34 \u0160t\u00e1tna \u0161kolsk\u00e1 in\u0161pekcia (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n35 UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[36 \u0160t\u00e1tna \u0161kolsk\u00e1 in\u0161pekcia (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n[37 UNHCR, REACH ( 2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: febru\u00e1r 2023; ; UNHCR (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\nin Slovakia: j\u00fan 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023 [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF II SLOVENSKO**\n\n**november 2022 \u2013 j\u00fan 2023**\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: pr\u00edstup k zamestnaniu\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - Umo\u017eni\u0165 samostatn\u00fa z\u00e1robkov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom v s\u00falade\nso smernicou E\u00da o do\u010dasnej ochrane a praxou v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da.\n\n - Posilni\u0165 kurzy slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka prostredn\u00edctvom \u00faradov pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny,\npred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 ich trvanie a posilni\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 kurzy pre odborn\u00e9 oblasti ako\nzdravotn\u00edctvo, \u0161kolstvo, ekon\u00f3mia, pr\u00e1vo, soci\u00e1lna pr\u00e1ca at\u010f.\n\n - \u010ealej zmier\u0148ova\u0165 administrat\u00edvnu, dodato\u010dn\u00fa vzdel\u00e1vaciu a finan\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e s\u00favisiacu s uzn\u00e1van\u00edm\nzahrani\u010dn\u00fdch kvalifik\u00e1ci\u00ed, najm\u00e4 u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 uzn\u00e1vanie zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch diplomov pre regulovan\u00e9\npovolania a akt\u00edvne za\u010dle\u0148ova\u0165 odborn\u00edkov z radov ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov do sektorov s\nnedostatkom pracovnej sily na Slovensku.\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: pr\u00edstup k vzdel\u00e1vaniu\n\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - Zavies\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 zmeny smeruj\u00face k tomu, aby bola \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka v\u00fdslovne povinn\u00e1 pre\ndeti ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na Slovensku.\n\n - Zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kapacity \u0161k\u00f4l a \u0161k\u00f4lok, aby mohli prija\u0165 \u0161tudentky a \u0161tudentov-ute\u010dencov, alebo\nalternat\u00edvne podpori\u0165 dopravu pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa nem\u00f4\u017eu zap\u00edsa\u0165 do bl\u00edzkych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm sa\nod\u013eah\u010d\u00ed situ\u00e1cia pre \u0161koly s kapacitn\u00fdmi nedostatkami v mest\u00e1ch.\n\n - Zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det hod\u00edn slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka na \u0161kol\u00e1ch so \u0161tudentkami a \u0161tudentmi\nz radov ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov.\n\n - Implementova\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 programy, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ia \u0161pecifick\u00e9 potreby \u0161tudentov-ute\u010dencov, rie\u0161ia\ndiskrimin\u00e1ciu v \u0161kolskom prostred\u00ed, pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri adapt\u00e1cii na nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a podporuj\u00fa\ndobiehanie zame\u0161kan\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania (napr. pr\u00edpravn\u00e9 triedy, preklenovacie programy,\nprogramy proti \u0161ikanovaniu at\u010f.).\n\n - Prija\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie u\u010dite\u013eky a u\u010dite\u013eov, pedagogick\u00fdch asistentov, \u0161peci\u00e1lnych pedagogick\u00fdch asistentov\na odborn\u00edkov v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, a to aj spomedzi ute\u010dencov, s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 cielen\u00fa\npodporu \u0161tudentom-ute\u010dencom na \u0161kol\u00e1ch.\n\n - Organizova\u0165 akreditovan\u00e9 \u0161kolenia pre u\u010dite\u013eky, u\u010dite\u013eov a pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov o\not\u00e1zkach t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa praktick\u00e9ho za\u010dlenenia \u0161tudentov-ute\u010dencov do vzdel\u00e1vacieho procesu\na hostite\u013eskej spolo\u010dnosti.\n\n### Pre viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed:\n\nRichard Koy\u0161 | Senior Protection Associate | koys@unhcr.og\nCarmen Garc\u00eda | Associate Information Management Officer | garcicar@unhcr.org\n##### www.unhcr.org / Nav\u0161\u00edvte Operational Data Portal Slovensko\n\n### Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face publik\u00e1cie\n\n[Slovakia Protection Brief I](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97764)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/863a3485-a6f5-4e35-a2bd-4cf905d4cb91/Final_Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_4/raw/doc_4_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_4/raw/doc_4_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a912b3eb257b0ef4346c5a4b11fede1c159df734..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_4/raw/doc_4_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **GUATEMALA**\n## **An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n**\n#### An\u00e1lisis de las tendencias de los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados con discriminaci\u00f3n, violencia y desplazamiento.\n\n###### **NOVIEMBRE DE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n##### **_RESUMEN EJECUTIVO_**\n\n\nDespu\u00e9s de las elecciones en 2023 caracterizadas por altos niveles\nde incertidumbre y protestas sociales, una nueva administraci\u00f3n\nde gobierno con tendencia progresista se enfrenta a importantes\nretos, en un ambiente caracterizado por la polarizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica,\naltas expectativas de cambio, una oposici\u00f3n importante en el\nCongreso de la Rep\u00fablica.\n\n\nLas necesidades humanitarias en 2024 han incrementado de 300\nmil personas en necesidad (PiN por las siglas en ingl\u00e9s) con\nrespecto al 2023. En total, el Equipo Humanitario de Pa\u00eds (EHP),\ncalcul\u00f3 que 5,3 millones de personas (30% de la poblaci\u00f3n)\npresentaban necesidades humanitarias y de ellas, 2.9 millones\n(54.7% del PiN) presentaban necesidades de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn 2024 est\u00e1 caracterizado por choques relacionados con los\nimpactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y los desastres, altos \u00edndices de\nviolencia (incluida la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y contra las\nmujeres) [i], y un incremento del tr\u00e1nsito de personas refugiadas y\nmigrantes en movimientos mixtos, adem\u00e1s de personas\ndesplazadas internas y retornadas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEstos choques se exacerban y afectan de manera m\u00e1s espec\u00edfica a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, comunidades rurales, mujeres, ni\u00f1as,\nni\u00f1os, adolescentes, personas con discapacidad, personas en movimientos mixtos, como refugiadas y migrantes, y aquellas\nque se desplazan internamente en busca de protecci\u00f3n. Con base en lo anterior, el an\u00e1lisis del Sector de Protecci\u00f3n del EHP,\nidentific\u00f3 que los principales riesgos de protecci\u00f3n a los que se ve expuesta la poblaci\u00f3n y que requieren atenci\u00f3n prioritaria:\n\n\n**1.** **Discriminaci\u00f3n y estigmatizaci\u00f3n, denegaci\u00f3n del acceso a recursos, oportunidades, servicios y/o acceso humanitario.**\n**2.** **Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.**\n**3.** **Robo, extorsi\u00f3n, desalojo forzado o destrucci\u00f3n de bienes personales.**\n**4.** **Impedimento o restricci\u00f3n il\u00edcita a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n y desplazamiento forzado.**\n\n\n**MEDIDAS URGENTES NECESARIAS**\n\n\nMitigar los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n provocados por el incremento de la violencia, inseguridad, falta de acceso a la justicia, cambio\nclim\u00e1tico, desalojos forzados y la inseguridad alimentaria que se desarrollan en un contexto social y pol\u00edtico complejo,\ncaracterizado por profundas desigualdades, y una movilidad humana y un desplazamiento forzado interno que se incrementa\na\u00f1o a a\u00f1o. Por lo anterior, es necesario:\n\n\n- Incidir para que el Gobierno proporcione respuesta oportuna, suficiente y de calidad a las personas refugiadas y migrantes\nen movimientos mixtos, personas desplazadas internas y retornadas y aquellas en movilidad humana en general,\nincluyendo mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n complementaria y espec\u00edfica para prevenir riesgos.\n\n- Asegurar la incorporaci\u00f3n de la Centralidad de la Protecci\u00f3n en el Plan Nacional de Respuesta y Plan de Respuesta\nHumanitaria, a trav\u00e9s de indicadores espec\u00edficos que permitan medir los avances en materia de protecci\u00f3n, los cuales se\nmaterializar\u00e1n en la estrategia independiente de Protecci\u00f3n del EHP.\n\n- Fortalecer los mecanismos de atenci\u00f3n y respuesta, as\u00ed como los servicios p\u00fablicos de protecci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n integral para\nsobrevivientes de violencia y medidas de protecci\u00f3n para la ni\u00f1ez, mujeres y personas refugiadas y migrantes en\nmovimientos mixtos, personas desplazadas internas y retornadas y aquella en movilidad humana en general, poblaci\u00f3n\nind\u00edgena, personas LGTBIQ+ y otras poblaciones en situaciones de alto riesgo.Incidir por el reconocimiento oficial del\nfen\u00f3meno del desplazamiento forzado interno en Guatemala, con el fin de promover una respuesta que prevenga,\natienda, proteja y garantice soluciones duraderas con un enfoque intercultural y diferenciado. Adem\u00e1s de la creaci\u00f3n de\nun marco jur\u00eddico especializado en l\u00ednea con los Principios Rectores.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n##### **CONTEXTO**\n\n\n**Casos de violencia**\n\n\n\n**contra mujeres,**\n\n**ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y**\n\n**adolescentes**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA lo largo de 2023 e inicios de 2024, el pa\u00eds ha sido impactado por diferentes crisis que se superponen agudizando la situaci\u00f3n\nde protecci\u00f3n y acceso a respuesta efectiva para miles de personas:\n\n\n**UN CONTEXTO SOCIAL Y POL\u00cdTICO ENMARCADO EN LA VIOLENCIA E INSEGURIDAD**\n\n\nA pesar de ser la econom\u00eda m\u00e1s destacada de Centroam\u00e9rica y con un PIB en aumento (3.5 % en 2023 y una estimaci\u00f3n de 3%\npara 2024), [ii] las tasas de pobreza y desigualdad de Guatemala se encuentran entre las m\u00e1s altas de la regi\u00f3n de Am\u00e9rica Latina\ny el Caribe, debido a la existencia de una numerosa poblaci\u00f3n desatendida, en su mayor\u00eda rural e ind\u00edgena [iii] (el \u00edndice de\ndesarrollo humano es de 0.629 [iv] y el coeficiente de Gini es de 48.3) [v] . Se estima que en 2023 un 55.1% de la poblaci\u00f3n viv\u00eda en\npobreza y que el tama\u00f1o de la econom\u00eda informal de Guatemala represent\u00f3 un 49% del PIB (71.1% de la poblaci\u00f3n ocupada\nse encuentra empleada en el sector informal) [vi] . En Guatemala 61.6% de las personas viven en pobreza multidimensional, es\ndecir, 6 de cada 10 personas enfrentan privaciones en el 30% o m\u00e1s de los 17 indicadores relacionados a salud, seguridad\nalimentaria y nutricional; educaci\u00f3n; empleo digno; vivienda y acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos [vii] .\n\n\nEn el 2023, la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de los Hogares (ENCABIH), destac\u00f3 que, a nivel nacional, aproximadamente 49 de\ncada 100 mujeres han sufrido alg\u00fan incidente de violencia a lo largo de su vida en los espacios comunitarios, escolar, laboral,\nen su relaci\u00f3n de pareja o en su familia. El \u00e1mbito en el que las manifestaciones de violencia hacia las mujeres son m\u00e1s\nfrecuentes es el comunitario, con 28.7%; y la violencia con mayor incidencia es de tipo sexual, alcanzando un 34.48%, seguida\npor la violencia psicol\u00f3gica con un 31.67% (le siguen la violencia f\u00edsica con 18.14% y la econ\u00f3mica con 14.93%). No obstante,\nel subregistro, ocasionado principalmente por la falta de acceso a los servicios y desconfianza en el sistema de justicia y\nprotecci\u00f3n, no permite contar con toda la informaci\u00f3n, para tener una mirada completa de la problem\u00e1tica.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, la presencia de grupos de delincuencia organizada contin\u00faa planteando serios desaf\u00edos a la protecci\u00f3n de la\npoblaci\u00f3n en general, por su alcance, control y violencia ejercida. Las pandillas tienen gran influencia en el pa\u00eds, y est\u00e1n\nvinculadas a delitos violentos, extorsi\u00f3n, reclutamiento forzado y actividades relacionadas con el tr\u00e1fico de drogas il\u00edcitas. En\n2023, la tasa de incidencia delictiva total fue de 196 por 100 mil habitantes, un aumento del 10.5% respecto a 2022, el mayor\nincremento en los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os; adicionalmente, aunque la tasa de muertes violentas se redujo en un 2% (60 muertes\nmenos) en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022, se registr\u00f3 un aumento en el n\u00famero de homicidios en 118 municipios (34.7% del total\nnacional) en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022, concentr\u00e1ndose en el centro del pa\u00eds y en algunos municipios fronterizos con Honduras,\nEl Salvador y M\u00e9xico.\n\n\n1 De acuerdo con el Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos de ACNUR en Honduras, el Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n registr\u00f3 de manera oficial 545,043 entradas irregulares en 2023, lo que marc\u00f3 un incremento\npromedio de 80% con respecto a 2022. Para 2024, al mes de junio se hab\u00edan registrado 248,035 ingresos irregulares (37% de los ingresos corresponden a mujeres, 63% a hombres y 25% son menores de edad).\nEs importante identificar estas cifras como referencia para Guatemala, ya que estos n\u00fameros dan cuenta de poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante en movimientos mixtos, que van en tr\u00e1nsito para seguir su camino\npor Guatemala, con direcci\u00f3n a M\u00e9xico y Estados Unidos. Esto significa que este n\u00famero de personas, adem\u00e1s de las personas hondure\u00f1as que siguen saliendo del pa\u00eds en b\u00fasqueda de protecci\u00f3n, pasan por el\npa\u00eds sin que se cuente con un registro o un esquema de respuesta, lo que incrementa de manera desproporcionada los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\nDe la misma forma, los patrones de discriminaci\u00f3n y desigualdad generan tensiones sociales que suelen expresarse\np\u00fablicamente a manera de manifestaciones. Durante el 2023, El Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos\nHumanos (OACNUDH) observ\u00f3 un total de 243 manifestaciones en todo el pa\u00eds, en su mayor\u00eda pac\u00edficas, protagonizadas por\nuna diversidad de actores entre ellos pueblos ind\u00edgenas, estudiantes y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Esta cifra muestra\nun aumento del 77.37% en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022 [viii] . Las principales peticiones exigieron el respeto por el Estado de derecho;\nlos resultados de las elecciones; la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y rechazaron algunas iniciativas de ley [ix] . Los pueblos ind\u00edgenas\nrecurrieron a la protesta social solicitando espacios de participaci\u00f3n en la toma de decisiones que afectan sus derechos\ncolectivos. En octubre 2023, comenzaron una serie de manifestaciones denominadas \u201c paro nacional \u201d, iniciado por las\nautoridades ind\u00edgenas de los 48 Cantones de Totonicap\u00e1n y de la Municipalidad Ind\u00edgena de Solol\u00e1, las cuales fueron apoyadas\npor otras autoridades ind\u00edgenas, movimientos campesinos, sociales y actores del sector privado.\n\n\nEn el plano pol\u00edtico, el 20 de agosto 2023, el Tribunal Supremo Electoral (TSE) declar\u00f3 ganador en la segunda vuelta, al binomio\npresidencial del partido Semilla, con el 60.91% de los votos a favor [x], no obstante, preocuparon los persistentes intentos de\nsocavar el resultado del proceso electoral, considerados incompatibles con el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos\ny la legislaci\u00f3n guatemalteca [xi] . Despu\u00e9s de tomar posesi\u00f3n en el Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica, Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo como presidente\nde Guatemala, present\u00f3 su gabinete de Gobierno integrado por siete mujeres y siete hombres [xii] y el plan para los primeros\n100 d\u00edas de su gobierno se bas\u00f3 en la recuperaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds, el combate a la corrupci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como de la\ndelincuencia y fortalecimiento al Organismo Ejecutivo [xiii] . Con este precedente en la elecci\u00f3n de Gobernadores\nDepartamentales se evidenci\u00f3 mayor apertura a espacios de participaci\u00f3n ciudadana, por ejemplo, la postulaci\u00f3n de personas\nacad\u00e9micas y autoridades ind\u00edgenas, eligi\u00e9ndose 12 hombres y 10 mujeres.\n\n\n**VULNERABILIDAD AL CAMBIO CLIM\u00c1TICO**\n\n\nGuatemala es uno de los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s vulnerables al cambio clim\u00e1tico y debido a una combinaci\u00f3n de factores el pa\u00eds ocupa el\nnoveno lugar en el mundo por nivel de riesgo a sus efectos; se encuentra en el quinto lugar entre los pa\u00edses con mayor\nexposici\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica a tres o m\u00e1s amenazas y est\u00e1 dentro de los cinco pa\u00edses nivel a nivel global m\u00e1s afectados por\ninundaciones, huracanes y terremotos, con un 40.8% de la poblaci\u00f3n expuesta a cinco o m\u00e1s amenazas simult\u00e1neamente [xiv], lo\nque afecta tanto a la biodiversidad, la seguridad y los medios de vida de las comunidades.\n\n\nLa agricultura, de la cual depende gran parte de la poblaci\u00f3n guatemalteca, se ve gravemente afectada por el cambio clim\u00e1tico\ny los desastres. De acuerdo con la clasificaci\u00f3n mundial para catalogar la gravedad y la magnitud de la inseguridad alimentaria\naguda y cr\u00f3nica que se analiza en la CIF (Clasificaci\u00f3n Integrada de la Seguridad Alimentaria en Fases), publicada en agosto de\neste a\u00f1o [xv], para el periodo de junio a agosto 2024, aproximadamente 3 millones de personas est\u00e1n en Fase de Crisis (fase 3) o\nFase de Emergencia (fase 4) y, por lo tanto, requieren acciones urgentes para proteger sus medios de vida. Algunos factores\nque han podido incidir sobre las cifras de la CIF pueden estar asociados a las sequ\u00edas, como lo ocurrido este a\u00f1o con el\nfen\u00f3meno del Ni\u00f1o que se prolong\u00f3 hasta mayo, periodo en el cual hubo menos cantidad de lluvia, temperaturas elevadas y\nun incremento excesivo de incendios forestales (2,571 incendios [xvi] reportados a nivel nacional en 2024, que afectaron 40,700\nhect\u00e1reas [xvii] ).\n\n\nLas altas temperaturas y la falta de lluvias han impactado en el precio de los alimentos en el pa\u00eds y la capacidad de producci\u00f3n\nde las personas se ha visto mermada, incluso han aumentado las tasas de desnutrici\u00f3n sobre todo en mujeres, ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os\nque suelen llevarse la peor parte con relaci\u00f3n a los escases de alimentos.\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2024, se preve\u00eda una temporada m\u00e1s activa que el promedio climatol\u00f3gico (1991-2020) y a la fecha se han\nobservado 15 tormentas, 10 huracanes y 4 huracanes mayores, cifras que superan el promedio y que se alinean con lo\npronosticado [xviii] . Para mitigar estos riesgos, Guatemala necesita fortalecer sus pol\u00edticas ambientales, mejorar la infraestructura\nresiliente, promover pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas sostenibles con enfoque de g\u00e9nero y aumentar la educaci\u00f3n y la concienciaci\u00f3n sobre\nel cambio clim\u00e1tico en toda la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nPor otra parte, los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados al cambio clim\u00e1tico exacerban la exposici\u00f3n de grupos de poblaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s\nvulnerables debido a las desigualdades econ\u00f3micas y sociales, pr\u00e1cticas discriminatorias y marginaci\u00f3n; condiciones de\npobreza end\u00e9mica que afecta en mayor proporci\u00f3n a las mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, poblaci\u00f3n\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\nrural, personas afrodescendientes y personas en movilidad humana. Seg\u00fan el Grupo Consultivo sobre Investigaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola\nInternacional (CGIAR) hay una correlaci\u00f3n estrecha entre las zonas m\u00e1s impactadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico, por la pobreza y\npor temas de violencia y conflicto donde las interacciones entre cambio clim\u00e1tico, seguridad y desplazamiento est\u00e1n creando\nefectos agravantes y en cascada que aumentan la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones y suponen un reto para los gobiernos y las\norganizaciones humanitarias [xix] . A esto se debe sumar la desigualdad social y econ\u00f3mica que viven las comunidades rurales e\nind\u00edgenas y las personas en pobreza extrema que las hacen especialmente vulnerables, ya que a menudo tienen menos acceso\na recursos, informaci\u00f3n y servicios.\n\n\n**CAMBIOS EN LA POL\u00cdTICA Y GOBERNANZA MIGRATORIA REGIONAL: SITUACI\u00d3N DE MOVILIDAD HUMANA**\n\n\nDada su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, Guatemala se caracteriza por ser un pa\u00eds de origen, tr\u00e1nsito, destino y retorno de personas en\nmovilidad humana, incluyendo personas migrantes, refugiadas, solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado y personas\nguatemaltecas retornadas y desplazadas; y est\u00e1 sujeta a los cambios de pol\u00edticas migratorias regionales, especialmente por\nparte de Estados Unidos y M\u00e9xico. Luego de levantarse la aplicaci\u00f3n del T\u00edtulo 42 el 11 de mayo de 2023, volvi\u00f3 a entrar en\nvigencia el T\u00edtulo 8 para las solicitudes de personas buscando acceso a territorio estadounidense en la frontera con M\u00e9xico, a\ntrav\u00e9s de la aplicaci\u00f3n CBP-One para obtener una cita en un punto de entrada y la implementaci\u00f3n de un nuevo reglamento\nque autoriza a los agentes fronterizos a denegar el derecho a solicitar asilo a la mayor\u00eda de las personas cruzando la frontera\nde forma irregular.\n\n\nA partir del 5 de junio de 2024, los procedimientos de asilo y aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley de inmigraci\u00f3n de Estados Unidos son m\u00e1s\nestrictos, esta pol\u00edtica afecta la posibilidad de acceder a asilo para personas que no ingresen a su territorio por los puertos de\nentrada oficiales, y busca incentivar el uso de v\u00eda legales como el Programa CBPOne y reducir los cruces ilegales que ponen en\nriesgo la vida y seguridad de las personas [xx] . Desde junio 2023, el programa Movilidad Segura, establecido en acuerdo entre los\nGobiernos de Estados Unidos y Guatemala, y en cooperaci\u00f3n con ACNUR y OIM, ha sido una alternativa para que personas\nrefugiadas y migrantes guatemaltecas ingresen de manera segura y regular a Estados Unidos. A partir de julio 2024 este\nprograma est\u00e1 disponible tambi\u00e9n para personas salvadore\u00f1as, hondure\u00f1as y nicarag\u00fcenses que comprueben haber ingresado\nde manera regular a Guatemala antes del 16 de julio de 2024 [xxi] .\n\n\nEstas medidas implementadas por el gobierno estadounidense, para desincentivar los movimientos de personas hacia el norte,\nse han traducido en una reducci\u00f3n del tr\u00e1nsito por la regi\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan el monitoreo del IBC Human Mobility [xxii], al mes de\nseptiembre de 2024, cerca de 263 mil personas cruzaron el Dari\u00e9n (frontera entre Colombia y Panam\u00e1), lo que representa una\nreducci\u00f3n del 43% respecto al mismo periodo de 2023. De la misma forma, el Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n [xxiii] de la Rep\u00fablica\nMexicana reporta que entre enero y agosto de 2024 se identific\u00f3 a 726,597 personas que ingresaron irregularmente a M\u00e9xico,\nmientras que en el mismo periodo de 2023 se registraron 912,768. Esto supone un decremento del 22% en el n\u00famero de\npersonas identificadas. Si bien se aprecia una disminuci\u00f3n en el flujo de personas desplaz\u00e1ndose por la regi\u00f3n en 2024, el\nn\u00famero de personas sigue siendo muy elevado y los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n, como se se\u00f1alan a continuaci\u00f3n, siguen\naumentando.\n\n\nEn Guatemala, no existe un sistema de registro que permita establecer datos oficiales, por ello las organizaciones humanitarias\nllevan a cabo su asistencia sobre la base de estimados. Seg\u00fan \u00e9stos, para enero del a\u00f1o 2024 se observ\u00f3 un aumento del 29%\nde personas en movimientos mixtos en Guatemala [xxiv] y las solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado se han incrementado en un\n33% (1176 nuevas solicitudes a septiembre 2024) comparando 2023.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de los datos compilados por la OIM (Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para la Migraciones) en su Matriz de\nSeguimiento del Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en ingles), se ha constatado una mayor presencia de mujeres y ni\u00f1as en\nlos flujos mixtos, llegando a m\u00e1s del 35% de mujeres y 8% de ni\u00f1as en tr\u00e1nsito. Al mismo tiempo, se revela que un 11% de las\nmujeres migrantes en tr\u00e1nsito son gestantes o lactantes; y cerca del 43% de las mujeres consultadas por la OIM reportaron\nhaber sufrido alg\u00fan tipo de violencia durante la ruta [xxv] . A estas cifras se suma que el 97% de las personas que cruzan por\nGuatemala indicaron haber experimentado incidentes de protecci\u00f3n [xxvi] .\n\n\nPor otro lado, el informe de Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos de ACNUR (Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los\nRefugiados) del primer cuatrimestre de 2024, destaca que, de 2,385 personas encuestadas, el 50% manifestaron que el miedo\na sufrir violencia e inseguridad fue una de las razones de salida de sus pa\u00edses de origen y 12% manifestaron haber sido v\u00edctimas\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\nde violencia directa. Tambi\u00e9n se\u00f1alaron haber sufrido al menos un incidente de protecci\u00f3n en la ruta, siendo el robo (57%), la\nestafa (41%) y la extorsi\u00f3n (22%) los cr\u00edmenes m\u00e1s comunes.\n\n\nAnte el contexto de violencia e inseguridad descrito en Guatemala y los cambios en las pol\u00edticas migratorias regionales, las\npersonas en movimientos mixtos se exponen a mayores riesgos de protecci\u00f3n; por ello, identificar los perfiles, las necesidades\nhumanitarias, las vulnerabilidades y capacidades, es urgente para asegurar una asistencia integral que previene y reduce\nriesgos, adem\u00e1s de facilitar el acceso a derechos.\n\n\nLos movimientos mixtos se refieren a los flujos de personas que viajan juntas, por las mismas rutas y utilizando los mismos\nmedios de transporte, pero por motivos diferentes. Las personas que viajan como parte de los movimientos mixtos tienen\ndiferentes necesidades y pueden incluir a solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, refugiados, v\u00edctimas de la trata, ni\u00f1os\ny ni\u00f1as no acompa\u00f1ados o separados y migrantes en situaci\u00f3n irregular. Denominarlas de manera correcta facilitar\u00eda una\nidentificaci\u00f3n y respuesta adecuada, pues se garantizar\u00eda que las personas refugiadas tengan acceso a dicha condici\u00f3n y\nque las personas migrantes en vulnerabilidad reciban el apoyo que requieren (Informe Anual 2023 ACNUR. Monitoreo de\nMovimientos Mixtos)\n\n\nDe otro lado, las cifras de personas guatemaltecas retornadas no muestran reducciones considerables, siendo mayor el\nincremento de personas devueltas desde Estados Unidos. Los datos del IGM (Instituto Guatemalteco de Migraci\u00f3n) del primer\nsemestre 2023 [xxvii] con relaci\u00f3n al 2024, muestran lo siguiente:\n\n\na) v\u00eda \u00e1rea proveniente de Estados Unidos, hay un incremento de 51% (22,286 en 2023 y 33,553 en 2024) [xxviii] ;\nb) v\u00eda terrestre provenientes de M\u00e9xico hay una disminuci\u00f3n del 28% (10,520 en 2023 y 7,589 en 2024) [xxix] ;\nc) v\u00eda \u00e1rea proveniente de M\u00e9xico, hay una disminuci\u00f3n del 42% (4,205 en 2023 y 2,443 en 2024) [xxx]\n\n\nEl retorno de personas es importante abordarlo desde una perspectiva integral para comprender las necesidades, retos y\nvulnerabilidades, asistencia y atenci\u00f3n especializada a grupos familiares y ni\u00f1ez no acompa\u00f1ada, as\u00ed como el proceso de\nreintegraci\u00f3n. Desde el enfoque de protecci\u00f3n, es necesario identificar a las personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional, ya que su estad\u00eda en el pa\u00eds podr\u00eda incrementar sus riesgos, revictimizarles o dada su situaci\u00f3n podr\u00edan\nconvertirse en personas desplazadas internamente, pues para muchas regresar al pa\u00eds puede implicar no poder regresar a sus\nligares de origen ya que su vida e integridad se encuentran en peligro.\n\n\nPara atender estas m\u00faltiples situaciones, en diciembre 2023, se realiz\u00f3 el lanzamiento de la Pol\u00edtica Migratoria, esfuerzo\nliderado por el Instituto Guatemalteco de Migraci\u00f3n (IGM) que se estructura en torno a cuatro ejes tem\u00e1ticos: 1) Derechos\nhumanos y grupos vulnerables; 2) Integraci\u00f3n y reintegraci\u00f3n sostenible de los migrantes; 3) Servicios migratorios y gesti\u00f3n\nintegral de fronteras; 4) Migraci\u00f3n y desarrollo sostenible.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n##### **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nFrente a los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, de la violencia y de la escasa oferta laboral, el acceso limitado y cobertura de\nservicios esenciales y especializados, diferenciados y de calidad constituye _per se_ un riesgo de protecci\u00f3n por la ausencia de\nrespuesta inmediata que garantice una reducci\u00f3n de riesgos de protecci\u00f3n para las v\u00edctimas y personas m\u00e1s vulnerables.\n\n\nLas poblaciones rurales, ind\u00edgenas y en movilidad humana tienen menos acceso a servicios ya sea por falta de disponibilidad,\ncapacidades institucionales o deficiencias en la calidad de los servicios. A principios del a\u00f1o 2024 el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n\n(MINEDUC) realiz\u00f3 un censo de la infraestructura educativa que determin\u00f3 que a nivel nacional 5,386 centros educativos no\ncuentan con abastecimiento de agua y 10,484 requieren reparaci\u00f3n de las tuber\u00edas de agua y que la infraestructura educativa\nha sufrido en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas los impactos del de cambio clim\u00e1tico y desastres naturales [xxxi] .\n\n\nPor ejemplo, en educaci\u00f3n, las comunidades rurales, especialmente las ind\u00edgenas, enfrentan carencias significativas en\ninfraestructura y disponibilidad de servicios educativos. Se estima que en 2023 cerca de 2.7 millones de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes en Guatemala se encontraban fuera del sistema educativo (1.8 millones en educaci\u00f3n inicial - de 0 a 4 a\u00f1os; 350\nmil en b\u00e1sicos; y 677 mil en diversificado) [xxxii] . El acceso a la educaci\u00f3n se torna m\u00e1s complejo para las personas con necesidades\nde protecci\u00f3n internacional, como refugiados y solicitantes de esta condici\u00f3n, a quienes la falta de documentos de\nidentificaci\u00f3n y documentos de estudios previos se les convierte en una barrera de acceso al derecho, as\u00ed como la falta de\nreconocimiento del Documento Personal de Identidad Especial que expide desde 2019 el Registro Nacional de las Personas\n(RENAP), contradiciendo acuerdos y reglamentos existentes en el pa\u00eds, como el Acuerdo 1753-2019 Reglamento de\nEquiparaci\u00f3n y Equivalencias de los Estudios en los Niveles de Educaci\u00f3n Preprimaria [xxxiii] .\n\n\nAdicionalmente, la poblaci\u00f3n experimenta profundas deficiencias en el acceso a salud, incluida la salud sexual y reproductiva\n\n - la asistencia a mujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes v\u00edctimas de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, incluida la violencia sexual. De acuerdo\ncon la Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), el gasto p\u00fablico en salud s\u00f3lo representa el 2.48 % del\nPIB [xxxiv], situ\u00e1ndose por debajo de lo observado en Am\u00e9rica Latina (2.9 % del PIB) y de Centroam\u00e9rica (2.8 % del PIB). El acceso\na la salud es limitado y desigual, con un \u00edndice de cobertura universal de servicios de salud en 57 puntos sobre 100 en 2023, [xxxv]\nsituando al pa\u00eds entre los de menor cobertura en Centroam\u00e9rica, s\u00f3lo por encima de Nicaragua y Honduras. Muchas \u00e1reas\nrurales carecen de centros de salud, lo que obliga a las personas a recorrer largas distancias e invertir m\u00e1s recursos para recibir\natenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica b\u00e1sica.\n\n\nEn cuanto al servicio de agua y saneamiento, la situaci\u00f3n no es menos preocupante; la inversi\u00f3n en este sector es de s\u00f3lo 1%\ndel PIB y se considera que alrededor de tres millones de personas en el pa\u00eds no tienen acceso a servicio de agua potable [xxxvi] .\nEsta situaci\u00f3n contribuye, no s\u00f3lo al incremento de riesgos de salud, sino que tambi\u00e9n exacerba la problem\u00e1tica de\ndesnutrici\u00f3n aguda [xxxvii] . Por ejemplo, en la semana epidemiol\u00f3gica 21 [xxxviii], del 19 al 25 de mayo de 2024, se registraron 12,290\ncasos de desnutrici\u00f3n aguda a nivel nacional, 22% m\u00e1s de casos respecto al a\u00f1o pasado. De ellos, el 22% (2,683 casos) fueron\ncasos graves, que requirieron atenci\u00f3n y seguimiento inmediato para evitar la muerte por desnutrici\u00f3n aguda.\n\n\nUn reciente estudio revel\u00f3 que Guatemala ocupa el puesto 195 en t\u00e9rminos de coeficiente intelectual (CI) entre 198 pa\u00edses del\nplaneta. Seg\u00fan el informe, Guatemala tiene un puntaje de 47,72 [xxxix], superado por otros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n como Nicaragua,\nHonduras, El Salvador, y Panam\u00e1 y \u00fanicamente superando, a nivel global, a Sierra Leona, Liberia y Nepal [xl] . Para algunos\nanalistas, estos resultados pueden ser una evidencia de un mal m\u00e1s grave: los altos \u00edndices de desnutrici\u00f3n infantil, que\nrepresentan una de las principales causas de los bajos resultados a nivel cognitivo. De acuerdo con este estudio, la desnutrici\u00f3n\nest\u00e1 relacionada con una reducci\u00f3n de hasta 14 puntos en el coeficiente intelectual de las personas menores de edad [xli] .\n\n\nLas barreras en el acceso a servicios son mucho m\u00e1s complejas para pueblos ind\u00edgenas y afrodescendientes. Seg\u00fan el Informe\ndel OACNUDH 2023, la discriminaci\u00f3n racial y el racismo sist\u00e9mico contin\u00faan impactando en el goce y disfrute de los derechos\nhumanos. Un an\u00e1lisis de estad\u00edsticas oficiales evidenci\u00f3 que el porcentaje de hogares que padece privaciones\nmultidimensionales (carencia en 5 dimensiones: calidad de vida, servicios b\u00e1sicos, empleo, educaci\u00f3n y tecnolog\u00eda) es de 86.1%\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\npara el pueblo Xinka y el 82.3% para el pueblo Maya, mientras que para el pa\u00eds es de 63.2% [xlii] . En esa l\u00ednea, las mujeres,\nespecialmente las ind\u00edgenas, sufren altos niveles de discriminaci\u00f3n y violencia de g\u00e9nero, mientras que las personas LGTBIQ+\nenfrentan discriminaci\u00f3n y estigmatizaci\u00f3n, con poca protecci\u00f3n legal. Esta discriminaci\u00f3n limita sus oportunidades\necon\u00f3micas y contribuye a la persistencia de la pobreza y la desigualdad. Adem\u00e1s, muchas personas con discapacidad\nencuentran barreras significativas para acceder a servicios b\u00e1sicos [xliii] .\n\n\nEn un contexto de violencia, los desaf\u00edos para la atenci\u00f3n humanitaria y la protecci\u00f3n de las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables se\ntornan m\u00e1s complejos, por la magnitud, la d\u00e9bil presencia institucional y las dificultades de acceso a territorios bajo el control\nde grupos criminales.\n\n\nLas debilidades de los servicios (tanto por el acceso, como por la disponibilidad en los territorios) se manifiestan de manera\nmuy aguda para las personas refugiadas y migrantes, quienes generalmente cruzan el pa\u00eds por puestos no oficiales, creando\nmovimientos invisibles institucionalmente, que son dif\u00edciles de medir, lo que representa desaf\u00edos para la atenci\u00f3n humanitaria\ny la protecci\u00f3n. Incluso, nacionalidades de Centro Am\u00e9rica que pueden ingresar de forma regular al territorio bajo el Acuerdo\nCA-4, no conocen este acuerdo, lo que hace que en su tr\u00e1nsito por Guatemala se alejen de las rutas principales y asistencia\np\u00fablica (com\u00fanmente centralizada), dificult\u00e1ndoles el acceso a la respuesta humanitaria existente en la ruta de tr\u00e1nsito,\nexponi\u00e9ndoles a mayores riesgos. Se debe mencionar que, la fragilidad en el sistema de protecci\u00f3n es aprovechada por las\nredes de delincuencia local, ya que las personas en movimientos mixtos son com\u00fanmente enga\u00f1adas, pagan precios y tarifas\nelevadas por servicios b\u00e1sicos, se exponen a las redes de tr\u00e1fico (coyotaje local) y pueden ser v\u00edctimas de trata o violencia.\n\n###### RIESGO 2 Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero\n\n\nSeg\u00fan los datos oficiales disponibles con corte al 2023, la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de los Hogares (ENCABIH) destac\u00f3 que,\naproximadamente 49 de cada 100 mujeres hab\u00edan sufrido alg\u00fan incidente de violencia a lo largo de su vida en los espacios\ncomunitarios, en la escuela, en el trabajo, en su relaci\u00f3n de pareja o en su familia. El \u00e1mbito en el que las manifestaciones de\nviolencia hacia las mujeres fueron m\u00e1s frecuentes fue el comunitario, con 28.7% y el familiar represent\u00f3 la incidencia m\u00e1s baja\ncon 13.5%. La violencia con mayor incidencia en mujeres y adolescentes de 15 a\u00f1os y m\u00e1s fue la violencia, alcanzando un\n34.48%, seguida por la violencia psicol\u00f3gica (31.67%), la violencia f\u00edsica (18.14%) y la econ\u00f3mica (14.93%). No obstante, el\nsubregistro, ocasionado principalmente por la falta de acceso a los servicios y confianza en el sistema de justicia y protecci\u00f3n\nno permite contar con toda la informaci\u00f3n, para tener una mirada completa de la problem\u00e1tica.\n\n\nEn el 2023, el Ministerio P\u00fablico (MP) report\u00f3 que la violencia (f\u00edsica, sexual, psicol\u00f3gica) contra mujeres, ni\u00f1ez, y adolescencia\nrepresent\u00f3 el 14% (42,208 casos) del total de los delitos reportados. Seg\u00fan informaci\u00f3n del Grupo Guatemalteco de Mujeres\n(GGM), para el 2023 se registraron un total de 491 Muertes Violentas de Mujeres (MVM); de ellas se infiere que 297 fueron\nfemicidios. Del total de las MVM, el 52% fueron mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 31 a 45 a\u00f1os. El Departamento\nde Guatemala sigue siendo uno de los m\u00e1s violentos en el cual se cometi\u00f3 el 44% del total de las MVM, siendo las zonas m\u00e1s\nviolentas en el municipio de Guatemala la zona 18, zona 6, zona 1 y zona 5.\n\n\nA pesar de estas cifras, el acceso a justicia, prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n para las mujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes es muy restrictivo,\nya que el sistema judicial, con frecuencia, desestima, archiva o suspende las investigaciones. Muestra de ello es que, para\n2024, el 14% del total de los delitos (42,208 casos) fue el de violencia contra mujeres, ni\u00f1ez, y adolescencia, registr\u00f3 en sus\nmanifestaciones f\u00edsica, sexual, psicol\u00f3gica. Por otro lado, las fiscal\u00edas y agencias fiscales de la mujer utilizaron una serie de\nmedidas procesales como: desestimaciones, archivo, criterio de oportunidad, sobreseimiento, suspensi\u00f3n de la persecuci\u00f3n\npenal, solicitudes de conversi\u00f3n; adem\u00e1s se han utilizado procedimientos abreviados y aceptaci\u00f3n de cargos. En este a\u00f1o 2024\nel MP ha desestimado 204,473 denuncias reportadas en fiscal\u00edas locales. Lo anterior s\u00f3lo contribuye a incrementar la\ndesconfianza en el sistema, los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n y la implementaci\u00f3n de mecanismos negativos de afrontamiento para las\nv\u00edctimas, as\u00ed como el desplazamiento interno o la huida del pa\u00eds.\n\n\nLa ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia, tambi\u00e9n se ve fuertemente impactada por este riesgo. En el 2023 se registraron 26,767 delitos contra\nla ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia, un aproximado de 73 casos al d\u00eda; 41 casos de femicidio contra ni\u00f1as y adolescentes; 62,306 embarazos\nen ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de 10 a 19 a\u00f1os (2,289 en ni\u00f1as de 10 a 14 a\u00f1os). En el mismo a\u00f1o se registraron 6,261 ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes (NNA) v\u00edctimas de violencia sexual, es decir, 17 casos al d\u00eda; 12,996 NNA v\u00edctimas de maltrato infantil, 36 casos\nal d\u00eda. Los departamentos con mayor n\u00famero de v\u00edctimas de violencia sexual registradas son Guatemala (1,508), Alta Verapaz\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\n(494), Escuintla (412), Huehuetenango (411), Quetzaltenango (345), zonas que adem\u00e1s coinciden con el corredor de tr\u00e1nsito\nde personas en movimientos mixtos.\n\n\nDe otro lado, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos (OACNUDH), ha indicado que la\ntendencia a la estigmatizaci\u00f3n, acoso, discriminaci\u00f3n y violencia contra las personas de diversa orientaci\u00f3n sexual, identidad\ny expresi\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero y caracter\u00edsticas sexuales (SOGIESC), persisten en el pa\u00eds y se incrementan con ciertos grupos de\npoblacionales. El Observatorio Nacional de Derechos Humanos y Violencias por Orientaci\u00f3n Sexual e Identidad de G\u00e9nero de\nla Asociaci\u00f3n Lambda, registr\u00f3, de enero a diciembre 2023, 39 muertes violentas, presuntamente por motivos de identidad de\ng\u00e9nero y orientaci\u00f3n sexual (21 hombres gais, 10 mujeres transg\u00e9nero, 4 mujeres lesbianas, 4 hombres bisexuales) [xliv],\nsuper\u00e1ndose en un 17% la cifra registrada en 2022. El 2023 es el a\u00f1o con mayor n\u00famero de muertes violentas desde que el\nObservatorio comenz\u00f3 su registro en 2019.\n\n\nEl mapeo de servicios para la atenci\u00f3n a sobrevivientes de VBG realizado por el \u00e1rea de responsabilidad de VBG en el 2023,\nconfirm\u00f3 la falta de cobertura en el nivel departamental y municipal, en vista que los servicios est\u00e1n incompletos, no son\naccesibles a las personas sobrevivientes de violencia, los horarios escasamente disponibles en fin de semana y d\u00edas festivos.\nEsta situaci\u00f3n limita una atenci\u00f3n inmediata, mitigar los riesgos en la salud para los casos de violencia sexual, las infecciones\nde transmisi\u00f3n sexual (ITS) y embarazos no deseados.\n\n\nExiste p\u00e9rdida de la confianza en el sistema de seguridad y justicia, la credibilidad en las instituciones, en operadores de salud,\nprogramas de protecci\u00f3n social, situaci\u00f3n que naturaliza y perpet\u00faa la violencia, ocasionando riesgos para la repetici\u00f3n e\nincremento de femicidios, muertes violentas, mujeres desaparecidas, j\u00f3venes en riesgo de abuso y trata. Finalmente, hay que\ndestacar que los datos de VBG se basan \u00fanicamente en los casos reportados y en cifras oficiales, sin embargo, no reflejan la\nmagnitud de la problem\u00e1tica, dado el alto grado de subregistro que existe en el pa\u00eds de la VBG por temor, falta de informaci\u00f3n,\nbarreras de acceso, estigmatizaci\u00f3n y discriminaci\u00f3n, desconfianza, miedo a las represalias, normas y pr\u00e1ctica que perpet\u00faan\ny han naturalizado la VBG, entre otras.\n\n###### RIESGO 3 Robo, extorsi\u00f3n, desalojo forzado o destrucci\u00f3n de bienes personales\n\n\nLa situaci\u00f3n de violencia en Guatemala es compleja y multifac\u00e9tica, marcada por altos \u00edndices de criminalidad y diversos tipos\nde violencia que afectan a diferentes sectores de la sociedad. Es una combinaci\u00f3n de criminalidad organizada, violencia de\ng\u00e9nero, desplazamiento forzado interno y limitaciones institucionales. En 2023, la tasa de incidencia delictiva total fue de 196\npor 100 mil habitantes, un aumento del 10.5% respecto a 2022, el mayor incremento en los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os [xlv] .\n\n\nLos delitos contra el patrimonio (robos, hurtos y extorsiones) incrementaron en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022, superando los niveles\nprepandemia de 2019. Los dos delitos m\u00e1s frecuentes en 2023 fueron las extorsiones y los hurtos [xlvi] . La variaci\u00f3n interanual\n(2022-2023) del delito de extorsiones fue del 22.9%. De acuerdo con el \u00cdndice de Denuncias de Delitos, de enero 2024, las\nautoridades reportan que 9 de cada 10 extorsiones se realizan desde un centro carcelario [xlvii] . En 2023, 7 de cada 10 robos y\nhurtos ocurrieron en los departamentos de Guatemala y Escuintla, superando las cifras prepandemia de 2019, principalmente\n\u00e1reas altamente urbanas y comerciales. Hubo un descenso en Quetzaltenango, Retalhuleu y Suchitep\u00e9quez, mientras que\nGuatemala, Izabal y Santa Rosa registraron aumentos significativos [xlviii] .\n\n\nEn 2023 se registraron diariamente 77 delitos contra el patrimonio, con una tasa de v\u00edctimas de 158.2 por cada 100 mil\npersonas. Estos delitos aumentaron un 16.2% en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022, principalmente debido a las extorsiones y hurtos. Los\nrobos y hurtos a motocicletas, veh\u00edculos, armas de fuego y transporte aumentaron en 2023, con 5 de cada 10 robos y hurtos\nsiendo a motocicletas. En cuanto a robos y hurtos a veh\u00edculos y motocicletas aumentaron un 4.7% respecto a 2022 [xlix] .\n\n\nLas extorsiones constituyen un delito que atenta contra la propiedad y la vida de las personas. De acuerdo con el informe del\nObservatorio de Derechos de Propiedad, indica que las medidas adoptadas por las v\u00edctimas para protegerse han sido acciones\nde protecci\u00f3n, entre estos los cambios de ruta, venta de negocios, cambio de residencia o n\u00famero de tel\u00e9fono y contrataci\u00f3n\nde seguridad [l] . Ese cambio de residencia constituye una forma de desplazamiento forzado interno para proteger la vida e\nintegridad personal. Una medida del Estado para combatir el fen\u00f3meno de las extorsiones en las zonas capitalinas y en los\ndepartamentos m\u00e1s afectados fue la creaci\u00f3n del Grupo Especial Contra las Extorsiones (GECE), anunciada el 8 de febrero del\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\n2024 [li] . La problem\u00e1tica de robos y extorsiones para las personas en\nmovimientos mixtos es un riesgo permanente. El Informe de Monitoreo de\nMovimientos Mixtos de ACNUR, muestra en la gr\u00e1fica un aumento en el\nn\u00famero de personas que han sufrido incidentes de protecci\u00f3n en la ruta,\nen contraste con 2023, observando un incremento significativo de\nporcentaje de personas que reportaron sufrir alg\u00fan incidente en ruta. El\nrobo y la extorsi\u00f3n son los incidentes m\u00e1s recurrentes para las personas.\nEn el 2023 la Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos (PDH) recibi\u00f3 75\ndenuncias sobre vulneraci\u00f3n de derechos de las personas en movilidad\nhumana, mientras que en 2022 se recibieron 62.\n\n\nEsta poblaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n se ve expuesta a abusos por parte de algunos\nfuncionarios estatales. Con regularidad, las personas han expresado tener\nque haber pagado sobornos para acceder a servicios que son gratuitos, y\ntambi\u00e9n otros derechos se les niegan (como salud, higiene, alimentaci\u00f3n)\ncuando han permanecido detenidas por las autoridades migratorias en\npuntos fronterizos y en el Aeropuerto Internacional La Aurora, vulnerando adem\u00e1s su derecho a solicitar protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional [lii] . Esto tambi\u00e9n puede estar ligado a que el Ministerio de Gobernaci\u00f3n disolvi\u00f3 la Divisi\u00f3n de Puertos,\nAeropuertos y Puestos Fronterizos (DIPAFRONT) ante las denuncias de hechos de corrupci\u00f3n que vinculaban a elementos de\nesa unidad [liii] .\n\n\nOtro de los fen\u00f3menos que se observan dentro de este riesgo es el de desalojos forzados, que cada a\u00f1o son m\u00e1s frecuentes.\nEn el primer semestre del 2024, el Comit\u00e9 de Unidad Campesina (CUC) [liv] report\u00f3 15 desalojos y hay dos m\u00e1s programados,\nsiendo Pet\u00e9n, Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Escuintla e Izabal los departamentos m\u00e1s afectados. En 2023, el Ministerio P\u00fablico\npresent\u00f3 42 desalojos por los delitos de usurpaci\u00f3n y usurpaci\u00f3n agravada a los \u00f3rganos jurisdiccionales. El OACNUDH\ndocument\u00f3 cinco de estos casos que afectaron 503 familias ind\u00edgenas, aumentando un 101% el n\u00famero de familias afectadas\nen comparaci\u00f3n con 2022 y adicionalmente, registr\u00f3 cinco intentos de desalojo que generaron incertidumbre y temor a otras\n313 familias. Aunque la Polic\u00eda Nacional Civil [lv] tiene un protocolo de actuaci\u00f3n para desalojos, la norma a\u00fan no establece las\nacciones posteriores para salvaguardar la vida e integridad f\u00edsica y patrimonial de las personas. Por ello, deber\u00eda existir pol\u00edtica\ninterinstitucional m\u00e1s clara que permita el acompa\u00f1amiento de estos casos, as\u00ed como la generaci\u00f3n de cifras oficiales de las\npersonas afectadas.\n\n\nLas personas m\u00e1s vulnerables y afectadas por los desalojos son las mujeres, los ni\u00f1os, las ni\u00f1as, los j\u00f3venes, los adultos mayores\ny los pueblos ind\u00edgenas. Las mujeres son particularmente vulnerables a causa de la discriminaci\u00f3n jur\u00eddica y otras formas de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n que suelen darse en materia de derecho de propiedad o acceso a la misma (incluida la propiedad de una\nvivienda); adem\u00e1s de la preocupante exposici\u00f3n a sufrir actos de violencia y abuso sexual cuando se quedan sin hogar [lvi] .\n\n\nLas pandillas tienen gran influencia en el pa\u00eds, y se disputan el control de los territorios [lvii] . La mayor parte de sus actividades se\nconcentran en Ciudad de Guatemala, zonas suburbanas y algunas regiones como Escuintla y Quetzaltenango. Un estudio\ndesarrollado entre 2019 y 2020, destac\u00f3 que estos grupos controlan territorios mediante la extorsi\u00f3n, el narcotr\u00e1fico y la\nviolencia, y que cada _\u201cclica\u201d_ (c\u00e9lula basada en un barrio) opera con autonom\u00eda de las dem\u00e1s, lo que frecuentemente genera\nconflictos entre ellas por el control de los territorios. Esto limita gravemente la movilidad de los y las habitantes porque\nestablece \"fronteras invisibles\", como l\u00edneas imaginarias que dividen zonas o barrios. Los controles territoriales se presentan\nen zonas donde la presencia del Estado es escasa o d\u00e9bil, lo que le asegura a cada grupo operar con libertad y legitimar su\ncontrol sobre la poblaci\u00f3n [lviii] .\n\n\nLa manera de operar de las pandillas est\u00e1 asociada con altos niveles de extorsi\u00f3n y violencia, obligando a comerciantes,\ntransportistas y residentes a pagar _\"cuotas\"_ para operar sus negocios y contribuir a mantener la \u201c paz \u201d . En consecuencia, la\neconom\u00eda local se ha visto gravemente impactada, ya que las actividades comerciales se reducen por el miedo y la carga\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\nfinanciera de las extorsiones. Para 2023, el n\u00famero de denuncias por extorsi\u00f3n mostr\u00f3 un incremento de 22.9% (18,096\ndenuncias) en comparaci\u00f3n con 2022 y las mujeres denunciaron m\u00e1s casos en comparaci\u00f3n con los hombres.\n\n\nEl control territorial que ejercen las pandillas limita el acceso a derechos b\u00e1sicos como la educaci\u00f3n y la salud. Lo anterior\npuede estar contribuyendo por un lado a incrementar la deserci\u00f3n escolar (en un pa\u00eds donde, por diferentes variables, 2.7\nmillones de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes est\u00e1n por fuera del sistema educativo) y, de otro lado a limitar el acceso a atenci\u00f3n\nm\u00e9dica adecuada, adem\u00e1s de fragmentar el tejido social comunitario, creando un ambiente de desconfianza y miedo.\n\n\nDebido a la suma de todos estos factores y como mecanismo de afrontamiento o autoprotecci\u00f3n, el desplazamiento forzado\nse habr\u00eda estado incrementando en el pa\u00eds e incluso la salida a M\u00e9xico y Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, al no contar en el pa\u00eds\ncon un reconocimiento oficial de esta problem\u00e1tica y en consecuencia sin un registro, es muy complejo establecer cifras que\npermitan dimensionar en reales proporciones el problema y poder establecer mecanismos sistem\u00e1ticos de prevenci\u00f3n,\natenci\u00f3n y restablecimiento para las personas desplazadas. De acuerdo con la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida\n(ENCOVI) 2023 llevada a cabo por el INE (Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica) de Guatemala, entorno a 1.2 millones de personas\ntuvieron que abandonar sus hogares y desplazarse por causas relacionadas con la violencia, el cambio clim\u00e1tico o los desastres\nnaturales [lix] .\n\n\nPor otro lado, la PDH en su _\u201cD_ _iagn\u00f3stico sobre Desplazamiento Forzado_ _Interno\u201d,_ ratific\u00f3 que los hechos que causan este\nfen\u00f3meno son la violencia, secuestros, amenazas, agresi\u00f3n sexual, violaci\u00f3n, violencia intrafamiliar y desalojo, entre otros [lx],\ntambi\u00e9n puede incluirse la violencia contra la mujer. Resalt\u00f3 que los desplazamientos colectivos se presentan como\nconsecuencia de desalojos forzosos y que Guatemala no cuenta con espacios para dar respuesta a personas desplazadas\ninternas, ya sea de forma individual o colectiva [lxi] .\n\n\nEl desplazamiento forzado interno tiene un impacto diferenciado; por ejemplo, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos\n(CIDH) indic\u00f3 que el desplazamiento forzado de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas o sus integrantes, les puede colocar en una situaci\u00f3n\nde especial vulnerabilidad, ya que trae secuelas destructivas sobre el tejido \u00e9tnico y cultural, genera un claro riesgo de\nextinci\u00f3n, cultural o f\u00edsico, por lo cual es indispensable que los Estados adopten medidas espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n que\nconsideren sus particularidades, as\u00ed como su derecho consuetudinario, valores, usos y costumbres para prevenir y revertir los\nefectos de dicha situaci\u00f3n [lxii] . La CIDH, en su visita _in loco_ a Guatemala en julio 2024, tambi\u00e9n destac\u00f3 que los desalojos y\ndesplazamiento forzado interno niegan el derecho a la tierra, el territorio, los recursos naturales [lxiii] [lxiv], y otros derechos,\nimplicando para las personas una precarizaci\u00f3n de sus medios de vida y derechos, situaci\u00f3n que tiene un impacto mayor para\nlas ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, mujeres, personas mayores y personas con discapacidad [lxv] [lxvi] .\n\n\nLa Unidad de Protecci\u00f3n a Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos Guatemala (UDEFEGUA) evidenci\u00f3 en 2023 un\nincremento de agresi\u00f3n contra personas, organizaciones y comunidades defensoras de derechos humanos, con m\u00e1s de 5,922\nagresiones con relaci\u00f3n al 2022. Por su parte el OACNUDH registr\u00f3 100 casos de ataques contra personas defensoras de\nderechos humanos, que corresponden a 288 v\u00edctimas (180 hombres, 68 mujeres, 17 comunidades ind\u00edgenas y 23\norganizaciones). Esto significa un aumento del 264% en el n\u00famero de v\u00edctimas, con respecto a las registradas por el OACNUDH\nen 2022 [lxvii] .\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n##### **RESPUESTA**\n\n\n**AVANCES EN MATERIA DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nOcho Centros de Atenci\u00f3n para Personas Migrantes y Refugiados (CAPMiRs) en \u00e1reas fronterizas y de tr\u00e1nsito (Pet\u00e9n,\nIzabal, Chiquimula, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Tec\u00fan Um\u00e1n, Quetzaltenango, y San Marcos) y un kiosco en Esquipulas\nofrecen asistencia humanitaria, atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y psicosocial, adem\u00e1s de identificar y referir casos de protecci\u00f3n a\nentidades estatales y civiles, como las Casas del Migrante. Durante el primer semestre de 2024, 4,819 personas recibieron\natenci\u00f3n en salud primaria (37% NNA, 32% mujeres) y 36,252 personas fueron apoyadas con suministros esenciales de\nagua, saneamiento e higiene. Las unidades m\u00f3viles atendieron a m\u00e1s de 113,000 personas con servicios m\u00e9dicos,\npsicosociales y nutricionales, incluyendo evaluaciones nutricionales para 832 ni\u00f1os/as menores de 5 a\u00f1os. El sistema de\nprotecci\u00f3n para refugiados proces\u00f3 196 solicitudes en ocho misiones descentralizadas, mientras que proyectos como \"PDH\nM\u00f3vil\" y UNIVET operaron unidades m\u00f3viles en nueve departamentos para informaci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n de\nviolaciones de derechos, violencia, y trata de personas.\n\n\nA nivel nacional la Coordinadora Nacional para la Prevenci\u00f3n de la Violencia Intrafamiliar y en Contra de la Mujer\n(CONAPREVI) ha establecido las Redes de Derivaci\u00f3n, Mesa contra la Violencia, Explotaci\u00f3n y Trata de Personas, Mesa para\nla Prevenci\u00f3n de Embarazos en Adolescentes, y la presencia institucional de los mecanismos para el avance de las mujeres\nSecretar\u00eda Presidencial de la Mujer (SEPREM) y la Defensor\u00eda de la Mujer Ind\u00edgena (DEMI). Destacan las iniciativas de la\nSecretar\u00eda contra la Violencia Sexual, Explotaci\u00f3n y Trata de Personas (SVET), el Ministerio de Gobernaci\u00f3n y fiscal\u00edas\nespecializadas para prevenir violencia y apoyar a sobrevivientes, complementadas por organizaciones civiles y los Centros\nde Apoyo Integral a Mujeres sobrevivientes de Violencia (CAIMUS).\n\n\nA nivel municipal, los Centros de Atenci\u00f3n Permanente (CAP) y los Centros de Atenci\u00f3n Integral Materno Infantil (CAIMI),\nbrindan servicios permanentes, apoyados por redes comunitarias y espacios seguros. Estas acciones abordan riesgos de\nviolencia, salud y promueven la participaci\u00f3n juvenil para mitigar y prevenir su repetici\u00f3n. Aunque no hay reconocimiento\noficial del desplazamiento forzado interno en Guatemala, sociedad civil, academia y la PDH han trabajado para visibilizarlo.\nEn abril 2023 [lxviii], se realiz\u00f3 un taller para proponer una pol\u00edtica nacional que aborde este fen\u00f3meno m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de su\ndimensi\u00f3n jur\u00eddica, desafiando estigmas y promoviendo derechos como vivienda y tierras comunitarias. En septiembre\n2023, el Equipo T\u00e9cnico Nacional de El Marco Integral Regional de Protecci\u00f3n y Soluciones MIRPS, con ACNUR, organiz\u00f3 un\ntaller para analizar conceptos, marcos normativos y desaf\u00edos en la recopilaci\u00f3n de datos [lxix] . Legislativamente, en septiembre\n2023, se present\u00f3 la \"Ley de Prevenci\u00f3n, Protecci\u00f3n y Atenci\u00f3n Integral de Personas en Condici\u00f3n de Desplazamiento\nInterno\" [lxx], conocida en el Congreso en abril 2024, que busca: 1) reconocimiento oficial del desplazamiento interno, 2)\nformulaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas nacionales y territoriales para prevenirlo, y 3) creaci\u00f3n de un registro \u00fanico de personas\ndesplazadas.\n\n\n**DIFICULTADES Y MEDIDAS RELACIONADAS CON EL ACCESO**\n\n\nEn el contexto de Guatemala, el acceso a las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables e impactadas por los riesgos planteados sigue siendo\nun desaf\u00edo, tanto por cuestiones geogr\u00e1ficas, la adaptaci\u00f3n de los servicios al contexto \u00e9tnico-ling\u00fc\u00edstico, la capacidad de\ncobertura, calidad y especializaci\u00f3n; temas de seguridad por el control de grupos criminales en ciertas \u00e1reas, como por las\nbarreras culturales, la prevalencia de normas sociales y g\u00e9nero que siguen perpetuando la violencia contra las mujeres, y\njustifican una serie de pr\u00e1cticas nocivas que ponen en riesgo los derechos humanos de toda la poblaci\u00f3n, especialmente\naquellos en situaci\u00f3n de mayores riesgos de protecci\u00f3n, seguridad y violencia.\n\n\n**DEFICIENCIAS CR\u00cdTICAS DE FINANCIAMIENTO Y POBLACI\u00d3N ALCANZADA**\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\nLos requerimientos financieros anuales del sector fueron de 51.2 millones de d\u00f3lares, de los cuales (al mes de octubre de 2024)\nsolo se ha alcanzado a cubrir un 26.3% que equivale a 10.8 millones de d\u00f3lares [lxxi] . Es necesario crear medios apropiados de\nprotecci\u00f3n legal como medida de protecci\u00f3n al derecho a la vivienda y cuestiones de tierra, acceso a agua y saneamiento,\nsalud y seguridad de las personas, entre otras. En alguna medida, el seguimiento de las condiciones de las personas\ndesalojadas forzadamente lo brinda la PDH a trav\u00e9s de su Protocolo para la Atenci\u00f3n de Desalojos [lxxii] .\n\n##### **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\n\n~~\u2022~~ Continuar fortaleciendo las capacidades de los servicios de protecci\u00f3n especializados, diferenciados, de calidad,\ndescentralizados y m\u00f3viles, particularmente para personas en movimientos mixtos, personas refugiadas y solicitantes de\ndicha condici\u00f3n, desplazadas forzadamente, personas retornadas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n y personas\nsobrevivientes de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, personas ind\u00edgenas, con discapacidad y\nLGBTIQ+.\n\n- Fortalecer la descentralizaci\u00f3n de los servicios esenciales para sobrevivientes de violencia, programaci\u00f3n de prevenci\u00f3n,\nprotecci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos en contexto de emergencia, con enfoque de derechos y libres de discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n- Impulsar y apoyar los esfuerzos para cumplir con la Recomendaci\u00f3n General 33 del Comit\u00e9 CEDAW para garantizar el\nderecho de acceso efectivo de las mujeres a la justicia, la reparaci\u00f3n transformadora y el sistema de justicia que elijan,\ncon debida diligencia y la protecci\u00f3n de sus derechos contra todas las formas de discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n- Continuar implementando de manera efectiva la Pol\u00edtica Migratoria con los actores responsables y vinculados en cada\nuno de los ejes estrat\u00e9gicos.\n\n- Seguir cumpliendo con las observaciones finales del Comit\u00e9 de Derechos del Ni\u00f1o emitida en su 96 per\u00edodo de sesiones,\nreferente al s\u00e9ptimo informe peri\u00f3dico de Guatemala, especialmente a las \u201cmedidas especiales de protecci\u00f3n\u201d para ni\u00f1os\ny ni\u00f1as solicitantes de asilo, refugiados y migrantes.\n\n- Promover el establecimiento de sistemas de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez en los \u00e1mbitos familiar, comunitario y municipal,\nasegurando la desconcentraci\u00f3n de servicios de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial al nivel municipal, accesibles y con pertinencia\ncultural.\n\n- Seguir implementando proyectos de protecci\u00f3n especializados, diferenciados, de calidad, particularmente para personas\nen movilidad humana y sobrevivientes de violencia de g\u00e9nero.\n\n- Promover espacios seguros y redes de apoyo a nivel comunitario como medidas de protecci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de\nviolencia de g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres en situaciones de emergencia.\n\n\n**RIESGO 2** Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero\n\n~~\u2022~~ Fortalecer la cobertura de los servicios esenciales para personas sobrevivientes de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero,\nespecialmente para poblaci\u00f3n en situaci\u00f3n de riesgo como refugiadas, migrantes, personas con discapacidad, personas\nLGTBIQ+, atendiendo a la condici\u00f3n rural, \u00e9tnica y geogr\u00e1fica.\n\n- Reforzar los procesos institucionales (administrativos, log\u00edsticos y operacionales) para que estos sean r\u00e1pidos y adaptados\npara responder a contextos de emergencia, especialmente en torno a los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, violencia\ne inseguridad.\n\n~~\u2022~~ Fortalecer los Centros de Apoyo Integral para Mujeres Sobrevivientes de Violencia (CAIMUS) para la atenci\u00f3n integral,\nsegura, confidencial y gratuita a las mujeres v\u00edctimas y sobrevivientes de violencia en Guatemala.\n\n~~\u2022~~ Fomentar la implementaci\u00f3n del Plan Nacional para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Erradicaci\u00f3n de la Violencia Contra la Mujeres\n(PLANOVI) 2020-2029, mediante la programaci\u00f3n institucional para acciones de prevenci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y\nsanci\u00f3n de la violencia contra las mujeres, y otros marcos de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y marcos legales.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** noviembre de 2024\n\n\n- Asegurar la protecci\u00f3n de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes contra la violencia sexual y la participaci\u00f3n de las\nmujeres en la prevenci\u00f3n, manejo y transformaci\u00f3n de los conflictos y en la recuperaci\u00f3n postconflicto, en l\u00ednea con de la\nRecomendaci\u00f3n General No. 30 del Comit\u00e9 CEDAW.\n\n- Incorporar las acciones necesarias incluidas en la recomendaci\u00f3n General No.37 de la CEDAW sobre las dimensiones de\ng\u00e9nero de la reducci\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres en el contexto del cambio clim\u00e1tico.\n\n- Priorizar la transversalidad y centralidad de la protecci\u00f3n en las estrategias, planes de contingencia, respuestas y gesti\u00f3n\nde casos ante las violencias, desastres y cambio clim\u00e1tico, as\u00ed como asegurar la incorporaci\u00f3n de acciones de prevenci\u00f3n,\nmitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de VBG y protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez en los planes de preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta intersectorial y en la\nestrategia de protecci\u00f3n del EHP.\n\n- Continuar con acciones de incidencia para el incremento de fondos para servicios de respuesta tanto humanitarios como\nestatales, que aseguren la gesti\u00f3n de casos de personas sobrevivientes de VBG, el apoyo psicosocial, los espacios seguros\npara mujeres y ni\u00f1as, la atenci\u00f3n en salud, principalmente el manejo cl\u00ednico de la violencia sexual, las medidas de\nprotecci\u00f3n y la seguridad.\n\n- Fortalecer y promover el trabajo de las redes y organizaciones locales y comunitarias que brindan servicios y acompa\u00f1an\na las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os adolescentes, as\u00ed como personas LGTBIQ+. Esta es una acci\u00f3n que pude contribuir a los\nesfuerzos de localizaci\u00f3n del sistema humanitario.\n\n\n**RIESGO 3** Robo, extorsi\u00f3n, desalojo forzado o destrucci\u00f3n de bienes personales\n\n- Continuar reforzando la capacidad de las fuerzas de seguridad y del sistema judicial para procesar casos de manera r\u00e1pida\ny eficaz, reduciendo la impunidad e implementando sistemas accesibles y confidenciales para denunciar delitos y abusos,\nespecialmente para las v\u00edctimas de violencia de g\u00e9nero y extorsi\u00f3n.\n\n- Desarrollar un sistema de informaci\u00f3n, caracterizaci\u00f3n del fen\u00f3meno de desalojos forzosos para facilitar su abordaje y\nestrategia de respuesta integral y continuar mejorando las iniciativas para proteger a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas contra los\ndesalojos forzosos de sus territorios.\n\n- Apoyar los esfuerzos de desarrollo de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y rutas que prevengan, atiendan y reparen los derechos de las\npersonas v\u00edctimas de desalojos y de la violencia, en particular que aquellas que se desplazan internamente por estas\ncausas.\n\n- Trabajar de manera coordinada con las organizaciones de base comunitaria y organizaciones ind\u00edgenas para promover el\ndesarrollo de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en materia de vivienda, tierra y propiedad.\n\n- Caracterizar y visibilizar los efectos de la violencia sobre los grupos m\u00e1s vulnerables, ya as\u00ed generar evidencia para una\nagenda de incidencia.\n\n\n- Implementar una estrategia interinstitucional para la reducci\u00f3n de violencia y construcci\u00f3n de paz a nivel territorial.\n\n- Caracterizar las zonas m\u00e1s impactadas por el desplazamiento y las restricciones a la movilidad.\n\n- Abordar el fen\u00f3meno del desplazamiento forzado interno en Guatemala con miras a su reconocimiento oficial, a trav\u00e9s\nde la determinaci\u00f3n de las poblaciones afectadas, el desarrollo de sistemas de registro y la recopilaci\u00f3n de mecanismos\nde protecci\u00f3n y asistencia humanitaria, restablecimiento, as\u00ed como la promoci\u00f3n de un marco jur\u00eddico espec\u00edfico.\n\n- Dise\u00f1ar un sistema de atenci\u00f3n integral que proporcione servicios de salud, apoyo psicol\u00f3gico, asesoramiento legal,\nasistencia humanitaria y reasentamiento seguro a las personas desplazadas, procurando el acceso a vivienda, educaci\u00f3n\ny empleo.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notas**\n\n\n[i La clasificaci\u00f3n de riesgo de la plataforma INFORM, ubica a Guatemala como un pa\u00eds de riesgo alto y muy vulnerable. Aqu\u00ed.](https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Risk/Country-Risk-Profile)\n[ii Banco Mundial. Guatemala panorama general. Aqu\u00ed](https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/GTM)\n[iii Banco Mundial. Guatemala panorama general. Aqu\u00ed](https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/GTM)\n[iv Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano Global 2023/2024 \"Salir del estancamiento: reimaginar la cooperaci\u00f3n en un mundo polarizado\". Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/noticias/presentacion-local-del-informe-global-sobre-desarrollo-humano-2023/2024)\nv Banco Mundial. \u00cdndice de Gini - [Guatemala. Aqu\u00ed](https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GT)\n[vi Banco Mundial. Guatemala Panorama general. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/guatemala/overview)\n[vii Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). An\u00e1lisis de Pobreza Multidimensional y Protecci\u00f3n Social en Guatemala. 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/publicaciones/analisis-de-pobreza-multidimensional-y-proteccion-social-en-guatemala)\n[viii Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Situaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos en Guatemala durante 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://issuu.com/oacnudhgt/docs/informe_anual_2023)\n[ix Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Situaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos en Guatemala durante 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://issuu.com/oacnudhgt/docs/informe_anual_2023)\n[x Tribunal Supremo Electoral. Acuerdo 1659-2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.tse.org.gt/images/Acuerdos2023/1659-2023)\n[xi Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Guatemala: Persistentes intentos de socavar el proceso democr\u00e1tico extremadamente preocupantes. Aqu\u00ed](https://oacnudh.org.gt/2023/10/01/guatemala-persistentes-intentos-de-socavar-el-proceso-democratico-extremadamente-preocupantes-alto-comisionado-de-las-naciones-unidas-para-los-derechos-humanos/)\n[xii Rep\u00fablica. Ellas son las siete mujeres del gabinete de Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo y Karin Herrera. 11 de enero de 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://republica.gt/politica/ellas-son-las-siete-mujeres-del-gabinete-de-bernardo-arevalo-y-karin-herrera--20241814120)\n[xiii Diario La Hora. Ar\u00e9valo enfocar\u00e1 sus primeros 100 d\u00edas en econom\u00eda, combatir la corrupci\u00f3n y delincuencia, 9 de noviembre de 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://lahora.gt/nacionales/hquino/2023/11/09/arevalo-enfocara-sus-primeros-100-dias-en-economia-combatir-la-corrupcion-y-delincuencia/#:~:text=El%20plan%20del%20presidente%20electo%20Bernardo%20Ar%C3%A9valo%20para,de%20la%20delincuencia%20y%20fortalecimiento%20al%20Organismo%20Ejecutivo)\nxiv Banco Mundial. Panorama del cambio clim\u00e1tico, Resumen de Pa\u00eds - [Guatemala. Aqu\u00ed](https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/guatemala)\n[xv Clasificaci\u00f3n Integrada de la Seguridad Alimentaria en Fases Aqu\u00ed](https://portal.sesan.gob.gt/informacion/descargas/cif/)\nxvi Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducci\u00f3n de Desastres - [CONRED-. Bolet\u00edn Informativo No. 163-2024. Sistema CONRED Combate Incendios Activos en 8 Departamentos. Aqu\u00ed](https://conred.gob.gt/sistema-conred-combate-incendios-activos-en-8-departamentos/)\n[xvii Emisoras Unidas. M\u00e1s de 40 Mil Hect\u00e1reas de Bosque Perdidas por Incendios, 20 mayo, 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://emisorasunidas.com/2024/05/20/bosques-guatemala-incendios-forestales-mayo-2024/)\n[xviii Instituto Nacional de Sismolog\u00eda, Vulcanolog\u00eda, Meteorolog\u00eda e Hidrolog\u00eda. Perspectiva Clim\u00e1tica Mensual, noviembre 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://insivumeh.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/202411_perspectivaClimatica_insivumeh.pdf)\nxix CGIAR - [ACNUR. Soluciones Integradas para el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, la Seguridad y el Desplazamiento en Guatemala. 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://alliancebioversityciat.org/publications-data/soluciones-integradas-para-el-cambio-climatico-la-seguridad-y-el-desplazamiento)\n[xx Ayuda Guatemala ACNUR. Anuncio del gobierno de los Estados Unidos, junio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://help.unhcr.org/guatemala/2024/06/27/anuncio-del-gobierno-de-los-estados-unidos/)\n[xxi Movilidad Segura. Aqu\u00ed](https://movilidadsegura.org/guatemala/)\n[xxii IBC Human Mobility Dashboard. Aqui](https://www.rcplac.org/en/ibcs-and-working-groups/ibc-on-human-mobility/ibc-human-mobility-dashboard)\n[xxiii Boletines Estad\u00edsticos 2024. Aqui](https://portales.segob.gob.mx/es/PoliticaMigratoria/Boletines_Estadisticos)\n[xxiv Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM). Guatemala-Reporte sobre el Monitoreo de Flujos 11, abril 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/guatemala-reporte-sobre-el-monitoreo-de-flujos-11-1-30-abril-2024)\nxxv Monitoreo de flujos en puntos fronterizos en Guatemala. [Aqu\u00ed](https://infounitnca.iom.int/migracion-en-transito/)\nxxvi IBC on Human Mobility (IBC-HM) .\n[xxvii Informe Anual de Labores IGM 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://igm.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240117_Informe-anual-de-labores-IGM-2023.pdf)\n[xxviii Guatemaltecos Retornados V\u00eda \u00c1erea Procedentes de Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica. Enero al 21 de junio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://igm.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RESUMEN-RETORNADOS-AEREOS-Y-TERRESTRES-AL-22-DE-JUNIO-2024-2.pdf)\n[xxix Guatemaltecos Retornados V\u00eda Terrestre Procedentes de M\u00e9xico, enero al 22 de junio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://igm.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RESUMEN-RETORNADOS-AEREOS-Y-TERRESTRES-AL-22-DE-JUNIO-2024-4.pdf)\n[xxx Guatemaltecos Retornados V\u00eda \u00c1rea Procedentes de M\u00e9xico. Enero al 18 de junio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://igm.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RESUMEN-RETORNADOS-AEREOS-Y-TERRESTRES-AL-22-DE-JUNIO-2024-3.pdf)\nxxxi Direcci\u00f3n de Planificaci\u00f3n Educativa -DIPLAN. Sistema de Registros Educativos. 2024.\n[xxxii Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef). Aqu\u00ed Invertir en la infancia. 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.unicef.org/guatemala/media/5771/file/Invertir%20en%20la%20infancia%20-%20Informe%20completo.pdf)\nxxxiii Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n. Reglamento de Equiparaci\u00f3n y Equivalencias de los Estudios en los Niveles de Educaci\u00f3n Preprimaria - Primaria y Media, en los Subsistemas de Educaci\u00f3n Escolar y Extraescolar,\n[Acuerdo 1753-2019. Aqu\u00ed](https://digeex.mineduc.gob.gt/digeex/books/ag-1753-2019/)\nxxxiv Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud. Perfil de Pa\u00eds - [Guatemala. Aqu\u00ed](https://hia.paho.org/es/paises-2022/perfil-guatemala)\n[xxxv Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef). Invertir en la infancia. 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.unicef.org/guatemala/media/5771/file/Invertir%20en%20la%20infancia%20-%20Informe%20completo.pdf)\n[xxxvi Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos. Informe anual circunstanciado de actividades y de la situaci\u00f3n de los Derechos Humanos 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.pdh.org.gt/documentos/seccion-de-informes/informes-anuales/informe-anual-circunstanciado-pdh-2023.html)\nxxxvii Secretar\u00eda de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional - [Desnutrici\u00f3n Aguda. Aqu\u00ed](https://portal.siinsan.gob.gt/desnutricion-aguda/)\nxxxviii Secretar\u00eda de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional - [Desnutrici\u00f3n Aguda. Aqu\u00ed](https://portal.siinsan.gob.gt/desnutricion-aguda/)\n[xxxix World Population Review. Countries by IQ - Average IQ by Country 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country)\n[xl World Population Review. Countries by IQ - Average IQ by Country 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country)\n[xli BBC News. Guatemala: por qu\u00e9 la mayor econom\u00eda de Centroam\u00e9rica tiene uno de los peores coeficientes intelectuales del mundo. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/cd1x9yg9876o)\n[xlii Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Situaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos en Guatemala durante 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://issuu.com/oacnudhgt/docs/informe_anual_2023)\n[xliii El Fondo de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (UNPRPD). An\u00e1lisis de Situaci\u00f3n de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad en Guatemala. Aqu\u00ed](https://guatemala.un.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20Situaci%C3%B3n%20de%20los%20Derechos%20de%20las%20Personas%20con%20Discapacidad%20en%20Guatemala_2021%20-%20UNPRPD%20FINAL.pdf)\n[xliv Observatorio Nacional de Derechos Humanos y Violencias por Orientaci\u00f3n Sexual e Identidad de G\u00e9nero de la Asociaci\u00f3n Lambda. Registro de muertes violentas. Aqu\u00ed](https://observatorio.asociacion-lambda.org/public/estadisticas)\n[xlv Proyecto Regional PNUD-Infosegura. An\u00e1lisis de seguridad ciudadana en Guatemala 2023. Publicada en 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/publicaciones/analisis-de-seguridad-ciudadana-en-guatemala-2023)\n[xlvi Proyecto Regional PNUD-Infosegura. An\u00e1lisis de seguridad ciudadana en Guatemala 2023. Publicada en 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/publicaciones/analisis-de-seguridad-ciudadana-en-guatemala-2023)\n[xlvii Coalici\u00f3n por la Seguridad Ciudadana. \u00cdndice de Denuncias de Delitos, enero 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://cien.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Presentacion-IDD-y-tema-del-mes-enero-2024-vf.pdf)\n[xlviii Proyecto Regional PNUD-Infosegura. An\u00e1lisis de seguridad ciudadana en Guatemala 2023. Publicada en 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/publicaciones/analisis-de-seguridad-ciudadana-en-guatemala-2023)\n[xlix Proyecto Regional PNUD-Infosegura. An\u00e1lisis de seguridad ciudadana en Guatemala 2023. Publicada en 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.undp.org/es/guatemala/publicaciones/analisis-de-seguridad-ciudadana-en-guatemala-2023)\n[l Observatorio de Derechos de la Propiedad. Encuesta Virtual de Percepci\u00f3n Alta Incidencia de Extorsiones en Guatemala, Primer semestre 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.observatoriopropiedad.org/encuesta-virtual-de-percepcion/)\n[li Instituto de Ense\u00f1anza para el Desarrollo Sostenible - IEPADES. Bolet\u00edn Extorciones. febrero 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://iepades.org/2024/07/05/boletin-extorsiones/)\n[lii Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos. Informe anual circunstanciado de actividades y de la situaci\u00f3n de los Derechos Humanos 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.pdh.org.gt/documentos/seccion-de-informes/informes-anuales/informe-anual-circunstanciado-pdh-2023.html)\n[liii Diario La Hora. Gobernaci\u00f3n disuelve la Dipafront ante denuncias de corrupci\u00f3n.13 de febrero 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://lahora.gt/nacionales/hquino/2024/02/13/gobernacion-disuelve-la-dipafront-ante-denuncias-de-corrupcion/)\n[liv Diario de Centro Am\u00e9rica. Ejecutivo insta a entidades del Estado a posponer desalojos, 20 de junio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://dca.gob.gt/noticias-guatemala-diario-centro-america/ejecutivo-insta-a-entidades-del-estado-a-posponer-desalojos/)\n[lv Divisi\u00f3n de Fuerzas Especiales de la Polic\u00eda Nacional Civil, Ministerio de Gobernaci\u00f3n. Protocolo de Desalojo. Aqu\u00ed](https://mingob.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Protocolo-de-manifestaciones-y-desalojos.pdf)\n[lvi Desalojos en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/24967.pdf)\n[lvii InSight Crime. Perfil de Guatemala. 18 enero 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://insightcrime.org/es/noticias-crimen-organizado-guatemala/guatemala/)\n[lviii Su\u00e1rez G\u00f3mez, Ram\u00edrez C\u00e1rdenas, Nieto L\u00f3pez. Las fronteras invisibles en las comunas 16 y 70 de Medell\u00edn (2008-2013): poder, territorio y resistencia. Aqu\u00ed](https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/27255/1/SuarezJorge_2018_FronterasInvisiblesComunas.pdf)\n[lix Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.ine.gob.gt/publicaciones3.php?c=84)\n[lx Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos. Diagn\u00f3stico Sobre Desplazamiento Forzado Interno Desde el An\u00e1lisis de Expedientes de la Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos Periodo 2017-2018. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.pdh.org.gt/documentos/seccion-de-investigacion/notas-conceptuales/2020-11/6277-nota-conceptual-pdh-2020-desplazamiento-forzado-interno/file.html)\nlxi Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos. Contribuci\u00f3n del Procurador de los Derechos de Guatemala sobre \u201cel nexo entre los desplazamientos forzados y las formas contempor\u00e1neas de esclavitud\u201d en ocasi\u00f3n\n[del 48\u00ba per\u00edodo de sesiones del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas. Marzo 2021. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Slavery/SR/ReportHRC48/States/Guatemala-es_I.pdf)\n[lxii Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Cuadernillo de Jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. No. 3: Personas en Situaci\u00f3n de Desplazamiento. P\u00e1rrafo 176. Aqu\u00ed](https://biblioteca.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r33821-2020.pdf)\n[lxiii Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Mensaje Conferencia de prensa, Visita in loco a Guatemala. 26 de julio de 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/prensa/ConferenciaPrensa/2024/7_26_visita_in_loco_guatemala.pdf)\n[lxiv Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Conferencia de Prensa 30 de julio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=visita%20in%20loco%20guatemala&mid=BC0D4D65518202C1BBCABC0D4D65518202C1BBCA&ajaxhist=0)\n[lxv Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Mensaje Conferencia de prensa, Visita in loco a Guatemala. 26 de julio de 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/prensa/ConferenciaPrensa/2024/7_26_visita_in_loco_guatemala.pdf)\n[lxvi Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Conferencia de Prensa 30 de julio 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=visita%20in%20loco%20guatemala&mid=BC0D4D65518202C1BBCABC0D4D65518202C1BBCA&ajaxhist=0)\n[lxvii Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Situaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos en Guatemala durante 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://issuu.com/oacnudhgt/docs/informe_anual_2023)\n[lxviii JOTAY. Taller pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica para atender al desplazamiento forzado en Guatemala. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.jotayguatemala.org.gt/es/articulo/taller-politica-publica-para-atender-al-desplazamiento-forzado-en-guatemala)\n[lxix Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. MINEX concluy\u00f3 el taller \"Aproximaciones al Desplazamiento Interno\". Septiembre 2023. Aqu\u00ed](https://x.com/MinexGt/status/1697798440548221307)\n[lxx Cristosal. Iniciativa de Ley de prevenci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n integral de personas en condici\u00f3n de desplazamiento forzado interno de Guatemala, Iniciativa de Ley No. 6292. Aqu\u00ed](https://cristosal.org/ES/iniciativa-de-ley-de-prevencion-y-atencion-integral-de-personas-en-condicion-de-desplazamiento-forzado-interno-de-guatemala/)\n[lxxi Oficina de la ONU para la Coordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos Humanitarios (OCHA). Guatemala Plan de Respuesta Humanitario 2024. Aqu\u00ed](https://humanitarianaction.info/plan/1173/ge/7542)\n[lxxii Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos. Protocolo para la Atenci\u00f3n de Desalojos. Aqu\u00ed](https://www.pdh.org.gt/transparencia/acuerdos-pdh/2019/3378-2-acuerdo-nmero-sg-085-2019-protocolo-para-la-atencin-de-desalojos/file.html)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e9b5cee5-d9b7-4d8b-83dd-0e1d7c56b459/01._analisis_de_proteccion_pau_2024_final_29_noviembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_40/raw/doc_40_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_40/raw/doc_40_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c0171cdec2643a90378e41d4f388e9b018348a1f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_40/raw/doc_40_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,554 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS,** **PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF** **REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE**\n###### Regional Protection Analysis #3 Trends analysis: Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia\n\n**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe** November 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Contents**\n\n\nExecutive summary 3\n\nKey findings 3\n\nKey recommendations 4\n\nContext 5\n\n\nMethodology 6\n\nTrends analysis: access to rights in host countries 7\n\n\nAccess to temporary protection 7\n\nTemporary visits to Ukraine and impact on access to rights 8\n\nAccess to documentation 9\n\nAccess to accommodation 11\n\nAccess to work 13\n\nAccess to education 15\n\nAccess to healthcare 16\n\n\n**Acknowledgements**\n\nData used in this report was collected as part of Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercises led by\nUNHCR in: the **Republic of Moldova**, in partnership with Charity Center for Refugees, Law Center for\nAdvocates, INTERSOS and REACH; **Poland**, in partnership with REACH until December 2022; **Romania**, in\npartnership with Romanian National Council for Refugees and REACH; **Slovakia**, in partnership with\nHuman Rights League, Mareena, People in Need, REACH and Slovak Humanitarian Council.\n\n\nWe are grateful for the extensive involvement and support of UNHCR\u2019s partners, local authorities, civil\nsociety, international organizations, and donors. Most importantly, UNHCR would like to acknowledge the\nresilience and strength of refugees from Ukraine, who continue to share with us their challenges, fears,\nand hopes.\n\n\n**Contact us**\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nData, Identity Management and Analysis Unit (DIMA)\nProtection Unit\nEmail: rbeext@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Cover photograph:**\n\nPoland. Iryna, a refugee from Ukraine, arrived to Poland together with her three children. Iryna says the\nassistance she receives from various humanitarian organizations, including Mother\u2019s House, is invaluable.\nOctober 2023 \u00a9 UNHCR/ Anna Liminowicz\n\n\n**2** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Executive summary\n\n#### **Key findings**\n\n\n\n**A complex landscape of access to rights in host**\n**countries emerges.** Over time, refugees from\n## **1**\nUkraine have encountered a contrast between positive\ntrends impacting access to rights, including the\neffectiveness of temporary protection and swift access\nto employment markets, alongside notable hurdles\nincluding in accessing sustainable accommodation and\nhealthcare. The overall picture is influenced by the\nsituation in individual host countries and the sociodemographic characteristics of refugees.\n\n\n**Reduction in the percentage of refugees with**\n**missing identity documentation, yet with**\n## **3**\n**ongoing challenges.** The proportion of refugees\nreporting missing identity documents decreased in Q2\n2023 and Q3 2023 compared to previous periods.\nDespite this decline, **23% of respondents still reported**\n**missing documentation in Q3 2023**, mainly biometric\npassports, and an increasing number of refugees face\ndifficulties obtaining identity documents in their host\ncountries. Additionally, the necessity to collect\ndocumentation continues to drive back-and-forth\nmovements between host countries and Ukraine.\n\n\n\n**Growing difficulties for refugees returning from**\n**short visits to Ukraine.** The proportion of\n## **2**\nrespondents who experienced challenges upon their\nreturn to host countries following visits to Ukraine\ntripled, f **rom 6% in Q4 2022 to 18% in Q3 2023** . These\nchallenges include issues such as the revocation of\nlegal status, suspension of social protection benefits,\nand obstacles when re-entering host countries after\nvisiting Ukraine. Notably, a relatively high proportion of\nrefugees in Poland experienced these challenges.\n\n\n**Reduced access to key rights amongst**\n**refugees with specific needs.** Over time,\n## **4**\nhouseholds with individuals who have specific needs\n\n- such as older persons, persons with disabilities, and\nthose with serious medical conditions \u2013 report lower\nlevels of access to various rights, including identity\ndocumentation, long-term housing, healthcare, and\nemployment. This trend highlights a worsening\nvulnerability among these groups as displacement\npersists.\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugees\nreporting missing identity documents", - "confidence": 0.7983217239379883, - "start": 150, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5376712679862976, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9120452404022217, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9426435828208923, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Key recommendations**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR recommends against the reduction of**\n**support to host countries, host communities and**\n## **1**\n**the refugee community.** As safety and security\nconcerns prevent many refugees from currently\nreturning to Ukraine, the focus must remain on\nsupporting people where they are, providing full\naccess to legal status and rights and with a particular\nfocus on the most vulnerable. Refugees should be\nsupported to make free and informed decisions on\ntheir future..\n\n\n**UNHCR recommends continued efforts to**\n**address administrative or legal barriers which**\n## **3**\n**hinder refugees\u2019 access to documentation services.**\nRefugees, particularly those with specific needs,\nrequire additional support to replace and issue civil\nstatus and identity documentation in host countries, to\nensure their access to rights and reduce risks of\nstatelessness.\n\n\n\n**[UNHCR recommends](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/649a7c744.pdf)** **that refugees\u2019 legal**\n**status and associated rights in host countries**\n## **2**\n**are unaffected by a visit to Ukraine lasting less than**\n**three months.** In the event of longer-term travel to\nUkraine, UNHCR recommends that hosting countries\nopt for deactivation of legal status instead of\nrevocation or cancellation \u2013 to avoid administrative\nburdens and facilitate renewed access to protection\nand assistance if required. The ability of refugees to\ntravel home for short periods can help pave the way\nfor more durable returns in the future, once conditions\npermit.\n\n\n**UNHCR recommends further support for the**\n**most vulnerable to access their rights.** 27% of\n## **4**\nhouseholds include at least one individual with a\nspecific need. Challenges faced by vulnerable groups\nin host countries have the potential to influence return\ndecisions, even in suboptimal conditions in Ukraine. [1]\nStrategies to include refugees in national systems\nshould strive to address the unique challenges the\nmost vulnerable face in accessing decent work,\ndocumentation, social welfare and other rights.\n\n\n\n1. UNHCR, Lives on Hold: Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees and IDPs from Ukraine #4, July 2023 available at: https://data.unhcr.org/en/\ndocuments/details/101747\n\n\n**4** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Context\n\n\n\nThe full-scale war in Ukraine has triggered one of\nthe largest displacement crises in the world. As of\nOctober 29, 2023, over 6.2 million refugees from\nUkraine have been recorded \u2013 94% of whom are\ndispersed across Europe. [2]\n\n\nSince the beginning of the crisis, UNHCR has been\nclosely assessing the protection situation of\n\n\n\nof the regional protection monitoring exercise,\nUNHCR has so far released two regional reports\n[(frst report,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447) [second report).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100191)\n\n\nThis report, the third in the series, explores the\ntrends related to refugees\u2019 access to rights in _**four**_\n_**countries:**_ Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia.\nThe report is based on **18,501** interviews conducted\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. UNHCR, Ukraine Refugee Situation, Operational Data Portal available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "frst report", - "confidence": 0.7509427070617676, - "start": 94, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.679652988910675, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.938422679901123, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6598518490791321, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8417338132858276, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7262568473815918, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Methodology\n\n\n\nUNHCR conducts protection monitoring to\nsystematically gather information on the challenges\nfacing forcibly displaced and stateless persons.\nProtection monitoring allows UNHCR to conduct\nevidence-based programming and advocacy, which\nis informed by the experiences and perspectives of\nforcibly displaced and stateless persons.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners have been implementing a\nProtection Profiling and Monitoring exercise to\nregularly collect and analyze data about the\nprotection situation of refugees from Ukraine and\nmonitor changes over time. Interviews are\nconducted in various locations, including\ninformation and assistance points, community\ncenters, collective sites, transit locations and\nreception and registration centers. Trained\nenumerators digitally collect data through Kobo\nToolbox, which is safely stored in a UNHCR server.\n\n\nRespondents are identified in the selected locations\nand asked for their consent to be interviewed using\na harmonized regional questionnaire. The results\npresented in this report must be interpreted\naccording to the limitations of the methodology and\nthe context, particularly:\n\n\n- While the random selection of respondents and\ndiversification in places of data collection are\nused to reduce potential bias and ensure the\nsample covers different segments and profiles of\nthe target population, results cannot necessarily\nbe extrapolated to the population of refugees\nfrom Ukraine as a whole, given the nonprobabilistic sampling method used.\n\n\n\n\n- The comparison of results across time might be\naffected by the changes in distribution of\ninterviews by locations across time in the\ndifferent countries.\n\n\n- The results reflect refugees\u2019 situation and needs\nat the time of data collection, which may\nsubsequently change depending on a wide\nrange of factors.\n\n\nWith the goal of reducing sampling errors and\nensuring regional results are more representative of\nthe overall refugee population, for this regional\nanalysis, post-stratification weights have been\napplied. The weights were calculated to adjust the\nsample by two criteria: (i) using the estimated\nnumber of refugees recorded in each country to\nadjust the completed interviews in each country to\nthe true population distribution across countries,\nand (ii) using estimates of refugee arrivals across\nquarters to adjust the completed interviews in each\nquarter to the real distribution of arrivals within each\ncountry.\n\n\n**RESPONDENTS BY COUNTRY**\n\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nMoldova\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\nRomania\n\n\n\n11,852\n\n\n\n4,062\n\n\n\n1,751\n\n\n\n836\n\n\n\n**6** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo\nToolbox", - "confidence": 0.5802599191665649, - "start": 123, - "end": 125 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8165518045425415, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.5021234750747681, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.6212482452392578, - "start": 135, - "end": 136 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "harmonized regional questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.8215791583061218, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.851916491985321, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5649634599685669, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "completed interviews", - "confidence": 0.7396102547645569, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.8435155153274536, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Trends analysis: access to rights in host countries\n#### **Access to temporary protection3**\n\n\n\nIn response to the mass influx of refugees from\nUkraine, the European Union triggered the\napplication of the Temporary Protection Directive\n\n- for the first time [4] - enabling refugees\u2019 swift access\nto rights and protection.\n\n\nThe vast majority of refugees surveyed have both\nregistered for temporary protection and received a\npositive decision. This demonstrates the practical\n\n\n**ACCESS TO TEMPORARY PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nefficiency of temporary protection in this context, in\nmanaging a mass flow, providing recognition of\ninternational protection needs and guaranteeing\nswift access to safety, documentation and rights.\nOut of the small portion of refugees who have not\napplied for temporary protection, most cited not\nintending to stay in the current host country as their\nprimary reason for not doing so.\n\n\n\n**JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\nof respondents applied for\ntemporary protection\n\n\n**Top reasons for not applying***\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022**\n\n\nof respondents applied for\ntemporary protection\n\n\n**Top reasons for not applying***\n\n\n\n**JAN - MAR 2023**\n\n\nof respondents applied for\ntemporary protection\n\n\n**Top reasons for not applying***\n\n\n\n**APR - JUN 2023**\n\n\nof respondents applied for\ntemporary protection\n\n\n**Top reasons for not applying***\n\n\n\nNot staying here\n\n\nDo not need it\n\nApplied for\n\nresidency\n\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\nNot staying here\n\n\nDo not need it\n\nApplied for\n\nresidency\n\n\n\n87%\n\n\n\nNot staying here\n\n\nDo not need it\n\nApplied for\n\nresidency\n\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\nNot staying here\n\n\nDo not need it\n\nApplied for\n\nresidency\n\n\n\n81%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\nof respondents who applied for\ntemporary protection have\nreceived a positive decision\n\n\n\n**100%**\nof respondents who applied for\ntemporary protection have\nreceived a positive decision\n\n\n\nof respondents who applied for\ntemporary protection have\nreceived a positive decision\n\n\n\nof respondents who applied for\ntemporary protection have\nreceived a positive decision\n\n\n\n*Due to rounding some percent totals do not add up to 100%\n\n\n3. Findings related to temporary protection apply to all countries except Moldova.\n4. Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine\nwithin the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection available at [https://eur-lex.](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?toc=OJ%3AL%3A2022%3A071%3ATOC&uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.20)\n[europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?toc=OJ%3AL%3A2022%3A071%3ATOC&uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2022.071.01.0001.01.ENG](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?toc=OJ%3AL%3A2022%3A071%3ATOC&uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.20)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Temporary visits to Ukraine and impact on** **access to rights**\n\n\n\nSince their initial arrival to host countries, 37% of\nrefugees surveyed during Q3 2023 have visited\nUkraine at least once \u2013 a slight increase from the\nprevious three quarters. During all four quarters, the\ntop three reasons for temporarily returning to\nUkraine have remained unchanged: to visit family\nmembers who stayed behind, to obtain documents,\nand to check on property.\n\n\nUpon their return from short visits to Ukraine, some\nrefugees report experiencing difficulties in host\ncountries \u2013 from revocation of legal status to\nsuspension of social protection benefits. In fact,\nwhen comparing Q4 2022 and Q3 2023, the\n\n\n**TEMPORARY VISITS TO UKRAINE**\n\n\n\nproportion of refugees who reported facing\ndifficulties upon their return from Ukraine tripled,\njumping from 6% to 18%.\n\n\nComparatively, a higher proportion of refugees in\nPoland reported facing obstacles upon their return\nfrom Ukraine. In Q3 2023, out of refugees in Poland\nwho reported visiting Ukraine, 27% experienced\nchallenges upon their return, a significant increase\nfrom 7% recorded in Q4 2022. This increase\ncoincides with the adoption of a new law, which\nstipulates that stays outside of Poland for over 30\ndays will result in loss of temporary protection\nstatus. [5]\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022**\n\n\nof respondents visited Ukraine\nat least once\n\n\n**Reasons for temporarily returning**\n**to Ukraine***\n\n\n\nof respondents visited Ukraine\nat least once\n\n\n**Reasons for temporarily**\n**returning to Ukraine***\n\n\n\n**JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\nof respondents visited Ukraine\nat least once\n\n\n**Reasons for temporarily**\n**returning to Ukraine***\n\n\n\nof respondents visited Ukraine\nat least once\n\n\n**Reasons for temporarily**\n**returning to Ukraine***\n\n\n\nVisiting relatives\n\nObtain documents\n\nCheck on property\n\nAccess healthcare\n\nCheck on situation\n\n\n\n51%\n\n26%\n\n22%\n\n15%\n\n15%\n\n\n\nVisiting relatives\n\nObtain documents\n\nCheck on property\n\nAccess healthcare\n\nCheck on situation\n\n\n\n45%\n\n26%\n\n22%\n\n21%\n\n15%\n\n\n\nVisiting relatives\n\nObtain documents\n\nCheck on property\n\nAccess healthcare\n\nCheck on situation\n\n\n\n41%\n\n28%\n\n25%\n\n18%\n\n17%\n\n\n\nVisiting relatives\n\nObtain documents\n\nCheck on property\n\nAccess healthcare\n\nCheck on situation\n\n\n\n49%\n\n34%\n\n25%\n\n22%\n\n17%\n\n\n\nof respondents faced issues\nupon return to their current\nhost country.\n\n\n**Difficulties faced upon return to**\n**host country***\n\n\n\nof respondents faced issues\nupon return to their current\nhost country.\n\n\n**Difficulties faced upon return to**\n**host country***\n\n\n\nof respondents faced issues\nupon return to their current\nhost country.\n\n\n**Difficulties faced upon return to**\n**host country***\n\n\n\nof respondents faced issues\nupon return to their current\nhost country.\n\n\n**Difficulties faced upon return to**\n**host country***\n\n\n\nDifficulty crossing\n\nStatus revoked\n\nOther\n\n\n\n62%\n\n\n\nStatus revoked\n\nBenefits\nsuspended\nDifficulty crossing\n\n\n\n71%\n\n41%\n\n\n\nStatus revoked\n\nBenefits\nsuspended\nDifficulty crossing\n\n\n\n69%\n\n50%\n\n\n\nStatus revoked\n\n\n\nBenefits\nsuspended\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n74%\n\n55%\n\n\n\n27%\n\n19%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n*Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added.\n\n\n5. UNHCR Poland (2023), Protection Monitoring Brief #3 available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102103](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102103)\n\n\n**8** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Temporary visits to Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5242234468460083, - "start": 17, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9634088277816772, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9483703374862671, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3 2023", - "confidence": 0.5121464729309082, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9872085452079773, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "property\n\nAccess healthcare\n\nCheck on situation", - "confidence": 0.8715656995773315, - "start": 450, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.6173202395439148, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9579328894615173, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Access to documentation**\n\n\n\nAs compared to Q4 2022 and Q1 2023, during Q2\n2023 and Q3 2023 the percentage of respondents\nwith at least one household member missing\nidentity documentation declined. For instance, in Q3\n2023, 23% of refugees surveyed reported having at\nleast one family member missing identity\ndocumentation \u2013 a drop from 30% recorded in Q4\n2022. This decrease is likely linked to the adoption\nof [resolution 66 by the Cabinet of Ministers of](https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-zabezpechennia-zdiisnennia-zakordonnymy-dypl-a66?fbclid=IwAR2EUWq4njoouHe-Q-ng6uP74SiEvGI2BEKe5GIunEO6ZeJr_Aazc-6wnL4)\nUkraine, which expanded the ability of Ukrainian\ndiplomatic institutions to register vital events and\nissue civil status and identity documents abroad.\n\n\nDespite the overall decline, however, the proportion\nof refugees with at least one household member\nmissing identity documentation \u2013 mostly a biometric\npassport \u2013 remains considerable: 23% in Q3 2023.\nMoreover, an increasing number of refugees report\ninability to obtain identity documentation in host\ncountries. During Q3 2023, out of the 23% of\nrefugees reporting missing documentation, 33%\nreported that they could not obtain a replacement in\nhost countries, an increase from 27% recorded in\nQ4 2022. The largest share of refugees who are\nunable to obtain documentation is recorded in\n\n\n\nRomania, which may partly be due to long waiting\nperiods to access identity documentation services\nin the country, reportedly stretching up to six\nmonths.\n\n\nIn host countries, numerous factors hinder refugees\u2019\naccess to documentation, including requirements to\npresent supporting documents (which many may\nhave lost during displacement or left behind in\nUkraine), long waiting periods, and associated\nprocessing fees. Moreover, despite reporting a\nhigher number of household members missing\ndocumentation, some refugees who fled areas of\nUkraine under the temporary military control of the\nRussian Federation face additional challenges, such\nas being asked to travel back to Ukraine to retrieve\ndocuments that prove nationality. [6]\n\n\nUNHCR continues to provide legal services and\ncounselling to support access to documentation\namongst the refugee community. In Poland, UNHCR\nalso supports Ukrainian consular offices to enhance\ntheir operations.\n\n\n\n6. UNHCR Poland (2023), Protection Monitoring Brief #3 available at [https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/102103](https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/102103)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**ACCESS TO DOCUMENTATION**\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022** **JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\nof respondents with at least\none household member\nmissing one or more identity\ndocument\n\n\n**Top missing documents***\n\n\n\nof respondents with at least\none household member\nmissing one or more identity\ndocument\n\n\n**Top missing documents***\n\n\n\nof respondents with at least\none household member\nmissing one or more identity\ndocument\n\n\n**Top missing documents***\n\n\n\nof respondents with at least\none household member\nmissing one or more identity\ndocument\n\n\n**Top missing documents***\n\n\n\nBiometric passport\n\n\nNonbiometirc\npassport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n\nBiometric passport\n\n\nNonbiometirc\npassport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\nBiometric passport\n\n\nNonbiometirc\npassport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\nBiometric passport\n\n\nNonbiometirc\npassport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n**Ability to replace documents in**\n**the host country****\n\n\n\n**Ability to replace documents in**\n**the host country****\n\n\n\n**Ability to replace documents in**\n**the host country****\n\n\n\n**Ability to replace documents in**\n**the host country****\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n59%\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n*Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added\n** Due to rounding, some percent totals do not add up to 100%\n\n\n**In focus: Limited access to identity documentation for older persons**\nAs with other households, over time, the share of households comprised of older persons reporting\nmissing documentation has declined. Concerningly, however, the percentage of older persons who\nreported that they are unable to obtain documentation in host countries has continuously increased and\nremains comparatively high. For instance, in Q3 2023, among households comprised of older persons\nmissing documentation, 52% reported being unable to a replacement in host countries, a noticeable\nuptick from 32% recorded in Q4 2022.\n\n\n**COMPARISON BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS COMPRISED OF OLDER PERSONS AND OTHERS**\n\n\n\nRespondents inability to replace missing\ndocumentation (households comprised of older\npersons)\n\n\n40%\n\n\n32%\n\n\n\nRespondents inability to replace missing\ndocumentation (households not comprised of older\npersons\n\n52%\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n\n\n\nOct-Dec 2022 Jan-Mar 2023 Apr-Jun 2023 Jul-Sep 2023\n\n\n**10** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Internal passport", - "confidence": 0.948623538017273, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.5067474842071533, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.6117960214614868, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometric passport", - "confidence": 0.5856690406799316, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.7060760259628296, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Access to accommodation7**\n\n\n\nThe majority of refugees surveyed reported living in\nrented accommodation. That said, since the onset\nof the crisis, many refugees have grappled with\nlimited access to sustainable housing,\npredominantly due to the short-term nature of\naccommodation support schemes.\n\n\nIn all four quarters, refugees cited the ending of free\naccommodation programs as the main reason for\nhaving to leave their current housing within three\nmonths. Comparatively, during Q4 2022 and the\nfirst two quarters of 2023, a higher proportion of\nrefugees in Romania reported having to leave their\naccommodation within three months. Delays with or\na lack of reimbursement for hosting families from\nthe government\u2019s assistance programme have\npurportedly led to the eviction of some refugees in\nBucharest. [8] More recently, in Q3 2023, the inability\n\n\n**ACCESS TO ACCOMMODATION**\n\n\n\nof refugees to afford the cost of their\naccommodation has become a more commonlyreported reason for needing to leave their current\nhousing, which may indicate that financial resources\nare becoming increasingly strained amongst the\nrefugee community.\n\n\nAccess to private housing markets remains\nchallenging for many, including due to high rental\ncosts and the preference of some landlords for long\nterm tenants. As UNHCR previously noted, the lack\nof access to sustainable accommodation has a\nmultifaceted impact on refugees and can hinder the\nenjoyment of their other rights, including education.\nFor instance, some refugees have reported an\ninability to enroll their children in host country\nschools because of repeated relocations from\ndifferent accommodation. [9]\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022** **JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\n**Current accomodation***\n\n\nRented\n\n\n\n58%\n\n\n\n**Current accomodation***\n\n\nRented\n\n\n\n59%\n\n\n\n**Current accomodation***\n\n\nRented\n\n\n\n64%\n\n\n\n**Current accomodation***\n\n\nRented\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n\nCollective site\n\nHosted by relatives\n\nHosted by others\nHotel by\ngovernments\n\n\n\n13%\n\n12%\n\n9%\n\n8%\n\n\n\nCollective site\n\nHosted by relatives\n\nHosted by others\nHotel by\ngovernments\n\n\n\n12%\n\n10%\n\n10%\n\n8%\n\n\n\nCollective site\n\nHosted by relatives\n\nHosted by others\nHotel by\ngovernments\n\n\n\n11%\n\n10%\n\n8%\n\n7%\n\n\n\nCollective site\n\nHosted by relatives\n\nHosted by others\nHotel by\ngovernments\n\n\n\n15%\n\n10%\n\n9%\n\n7%\n\n\n\n**Length of stay in the current**\n**accommodation***\n\n\n\n**Length of stay in the current**\n**accommodation***\n\n\n\n**Length of stay in the current**\n**accommodatio ***\n\n\n\n**Length of stay in the current**\n**accommodation***\n\n\n\nNo limit\n\nDo not know\n\n3 - 12 months\n\n1 - 3 months\n\n< 1 month\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n28%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\nNo limit\n\nDo not know\n\n3 - 12 months\n\n1 - 3 months\n\n< 1 month\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n\nNo limit\n\nDo not know\n\n3 - 12 months\n\n1 - 3 months\n\n< 1 month\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\nNo limit\n\nDo not know\n\n3 - 12 months\n\n1 - 3 months\n\n< 1 month\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n**Main reasons for having to leave** **Main reasons for having to leave**\n**accommodation within 3 months**** **accommodation within 3 months****\n\n\n\n**Main reasons for having to leave**\n**accommodation within 3 months****\n\n\n\n**Main reasons for having to leave**\n**accommodation within 3 months****\n\n\n\nEnd of programme\n\nAsked to leave\n\nCannot afford\n\nMoving to another\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\nEnd of programme\n\nAsked to leave\n\nCannot afford\n\nMoving to another\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n\nEnd of programme\n\nAsked to leave\n\nCannot afford\n\nMoving to another\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n36%\n\n\n28%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\nEnd of programme\n\nAsked to leave\n\nCannot afford\n\nMoving to another\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n*Due to rounding, some percent totals do not add up to 100%\n** Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added.\n\n\n7. On access to accommodation, to ensure that the findings are not affected by place of interview, interviews conducted in collective shelters have\nbeen excluded from the analysis.\n8. European Council on Refugees and Exiles (March 2023), Information Sheet \u2013 measures in response to the arrival of displaced people fleeing\nUkraine (March 2023) available at [https://ecre.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ECRE-Update-November-2022-Implementation-of-the-TPD.pdf](https://ecre.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ECRE-Update-November-2022-Implementation-of-the-TPD.pdf)\n9. [UNHCR Poland (2023), Protection Monitoring Brief #2 available at Document - Poland Protection Monitoring Brief #2 (August to November 2022)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n[(unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**In focus: limited access to sustainable accommodation for households including older persons,**\n**persons with disabilities and person with serious medical conditions ***\n\nHouseholds comprised of older persons and households with at least one individual with a disability or a\nserious medical condition were more likely to report that they were living in collective shelters as\ncompared to other households. The percentage of households with at least one person with a disability\nreporting that they are living in collective sites has also increased from 13% Q4 2022 to 24% in Q3 2023.\nConversely, the percentage of other households reporting that they live in collective shelters has\nremained relatively stable over the same period.\n\nMoreover, a higher percentage of households with at least one person with a disability and households\nwith a serious medical condition reported having to leave their current accommodation within three\nmonths \u2013 mostly due to the ending of free accommodation programs and inability to afford their current\naccommodation. This highlights the precarity of their accommodation arrangements as well as the\ncompounded impact of the termination of free housing schemes on these vulnerable groups.\n\n\n - On access to accommodation, to ensure that findings are not affected by place of interview, interviews conducted in collective shelters have been excluded from the analysis.\n\n\n**COMPARISON BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS WITH AT LEAST ONE PERSON WITH A DISABILITY AND THOSE WITHOUT**\n\n\n\nHouseholds living in collective shelters (with at least\none household member with a disability)\n\n\n18%\n\n\n15%\n13%\n\n\n\nHouseholds living in collective shelters (without a\nperson with a disability)\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\nOct-Dec 2022 Jan-Mar 2023 Apr-Jun 2023 Jul-Sep 2023\n\n\n**12** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Access to work**\n\n\n\nSeveral host countries have introduced measures to\nensure refugees\u2019 swift inclusion in labour markets\n\n- from organizing free language courses to\ninformation provision on available job opportunities.\nIn this context, a sizable and a stable portion of\nrefugees aged 18-59 reported being employed in\nhost countries or remotely. It is worth noting,\nhowever, that a substantial number of refugees\n(28% in Q3 2023) are not able to seek employment\ndue to their caring responsibilities.\n\n\n**ACCESS TO WORK**\n\n\n\nDuring all reporting periods, language barriers and\nlack of opportunities suited to one\u2019s skills were the\nmost frequently cited impediments to employment.\nA lack of access to childcare services is an\nadditional limiting factor: in all reporting periods,\nnearly half of households with young children (0-4\nyears old) reported lacking access to childcare\nservices, a challenge that often disproportionately\naffects the ability of single parents to secure and\nkeep jobs. In addition, the enrolment rates in public\nschools are still relatively low, [10] and almost 30% of\nheads of household in Romania and Moldova are\nfull-time caregivers. [11]\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022** **JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\n**Main activity in the host country**\n**(respondents between age**\n**18-59)***\nEmployed in host\n\n\n\n**Main activity in the host country**\n**(respondents between age**\n**18-59)***\n\n\n\n**Main activity in the host country**\n**(respondents between age**\n**18-59)***\n\n\n\n**Main activity in the host country**\n**(respondents between age**\n**18-59)***\n\n\n\nEmployed in host\n\ncountry\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nFamily\nresponsibilities\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nStudent\n\n\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nFamily\nresponsibilities\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n28%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n40%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nEmployed in host\n\ncountry\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nFamily\nresponsibilities\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nStudent\n\n\n\n44%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\nEmployed in host\n\ncountry\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nFamily\nresponsibilities\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nStudent\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\ncountry\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\n\n**Main reasons of unemployment**\n**in host country (respondents**\n**between age 18-59)****\n\n\n\n**Main reasons of unemployment**\n**in host country (respondents**\n**between age 18-59)****\n\n\n\n**Main reasons of unemployment**\n**in host country (respondents**\n**between age 18-59)****\n\n\n\n**Main reasons of unemployment**\n**in host country (respondents**\n**between age 18-59)****\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo opportunities\n\n\nLack childcare\n\n\nEducation\nrecognition\n\nNot staying\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n29%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo opportunities\n\n\nLack childcare\n\n\nEducation\nrecognition\n\nNot staying\n\n\n\n36%\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo opportunities\n\n\nLack childcare\n\n\nEducation\nrecognition\n\nNot staying\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo opportunities\n\n\nLack childcare\n\n\nEducation\nrecognition\n\nNot staying\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n11%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n*Due to rounding, some percent totals do not add up to 100%\n** Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added.\n\n\n10. UNHCR, Education on hold: almost half of school-aged children from Ukraine missing out on formal education available at [https://www.unhcr.org/](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/education-hold-almost-half-school-aged-refugee-children-uk)\n[news/briefng-notes/education-hold-almost-half-school-aged-refugee-children-ukraine-missing-out](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/education-hold-almost-half-school-aged-refugee-children-uk)\n11. [UNHCR\u2019s fourth intentions survey Micro-data available at Survey of intentions and perspectives of refugees from Ukraine #4 - June 2023 (unhcr.](https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/934)\n[org)](https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/934)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**In focus: limited access to work for households including people with disabilities and persons with**\n**serious medical conditions.***\n\nIn comparison with others, a significantly smaller and reducing portion of refugees (aged 18-59) from\nhouseholds including individuals with a disability are employed . In Q3 2023, for example, only 18% of\nrespondents with at least one household member with a disability reported being employed,\nsubstantially lower than 54% reported by other respondents. Over time, there has also been a steep\ndrop in the share of respondents from households including individuals with a disability who reported\nbeing employed \u2013 down from 38% in Q4 2022 to 18% in Q3 2023.\n\n\nRefugees with disabled household member/s often experience heightened challenges finding work, as\nthey may need to stay home to care for their family member/s. This is partly because of the acute lack of\naccess to specialized services for persons with disabilities, including due to lack of early identification\nprocedures and delays with the recognition of disability status.* Furthermore, households with at least\none person with a disability routinely report the lack of special education for children, which further\nreduces their chances of employment.\n\n\nUNHCR has provided cash assistance to vulnerable sections of the refugee community in neighbouring\ncountries since the start of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, providing bridging support whilst their\ninclusion in employment and national systems is pursued. Since the beginning of the crisis (and as at the\nend of October 2023), UNHCR has provided cash assistance to over 530,000 refugees, including\npersons with specific needs.\n\n\n - UNHCR Poland (2022), Protection Monitoring Brief #1, avilable at https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97143; UNHCR (2022) the implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive: six months on available at Document - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE\n\n - SIX MONTHS ON (unhcr.org)\n\n\n**COMPARISON: LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT BETWEEN RESPONDENTS WITH AT LEAST ONE HOUSEHOLD MEMBER WITH A**\n\n**DISABILITY AND THOSE WITHOUT**\n\n\n\nRespondents employed in host country and remotely\n(with at least one family member with a disability)\n\n\n\nRespondents employed in host country and remotely\n(without a family member with a disability)\n\n\n\n\n\n53% 53% 54%\n50%\n\n\n\nOct-Dec 2022 Jan-Mar 2023 Apr-Jun 2023 Jul-Sep 2023\n\n\n**14** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Access to education**\n\n\n\nDuring the reporting periods, the share of\nhouseholds reporting at least one child of school\nage not enrolled in host country schools remained\nlargely unchanged, staying within the 29-37% range.\n\n\nAt the country level, however, Romania witnessed a\nsharp decline in the percentage of households who\nreported having children not enrolled in local\nschools. During Q3 2023, 39% of households in\nRomania reported having at least one child not\nregistered in local schools, a marked decline from\n70% recorded in Q4 2022. This drop may be\nassociated with the new government assistance\n\n\n**ACCESS TO EDUCATION**\n\n\n\nprogram, which made the enrollment of children in\nRomanian schools one of the eligibility criteria for\nreceiving assistance.\n\n\nIn all countries \u2013 and across all reporting periods\n\n- the primary reason cited for not registering\nchildren in host country schools is preference to\ncontinue online learning through the Ukrainian\ncurriculum. However, as focus group discussions\nrevealed, several factors contribute to refugees\u2019\npreference to enroll their children online, including\nnon-admission to host country schools, limited\nspace in schools, and language barriers. In\nRomania, for instance, language barriers remain an\nimportant obstacle to enrollment in local schools.\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022** **JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\nof Households reported having\nat least once child not\nregistered in host country\nschools\n\n\n**Reasons for not enrolling**\n**children in host country schools***\n\n\n\nof Households reported having\nat least once child not\nregistered in host country\nschools\n\n\n**Reasons for not enrolling**\n**children in host country schools***\n\n\n\nof Households reported having\nat least once child not\nregistered in host country\nschools\n\n\n**Reasons for not enrolling**\n**children in host country schools***\n\n\n\nof Households reported having\nat least once child not\nregistered in host country\nschools\n\n\n**Reasons for not enrolling**\n**children in host country schools***\n\n\n\nPrefer online\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo space\n\n\n\n82%\n\n\n\nPrefer online\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo space\n\n\n\n85%\n\n\n\nPrefer online\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo space\n\n\n\n81%\n\n\n\nPrefer online\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo space\n\n\n\n80%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n*Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added.\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukrainian\ncurriculum", - "confidence": 0.8748341798782349, - "start": 172, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Romania", - "confidence": 0.7542202472686768, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9200578331947327, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8135676383972168, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8837553858757019, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Access to healthcare**\n\n\n\nDuring all four quarters under review, the proportion\nof refugees who reported difficulties accessing\nhealthcare remained high. In Q3 2023, 35% of\nrefugees surveyed reported experiencing difficulties\naccessing healthcare, a slight increase from 30%\nrecorded in Q4 2022, 28% recorded in Q1 2023,\nand 32% recorded in Q2 2023.\n\n\nIn all reporting periods, long waiting times and\ninability to afford medical fees (and associated fees)\nwere the most commonly reported barriers to\nhealthcare. However, the prevalence of these and\nother barriers to healthcare varied between\n\n\n**ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE**\n\n\n\ncountries. In Poland and Slovakia, for example, long\nwaiting time was the most reported impediment\nhindering refugees\u2019 access to healthcare, while in\nMoldova, inability to afford high medical and related\ncosts was the most commonly reported.\n\n\nDenial of access to healthcare \u2013 which often stems\nfrom lack of awareness among medical\nprofessionals about the extent of refugees\u2019 rights to\nhealthcare \u2013 also continues to inhibit refugees\u2019\naccess to medical care, particularly in Moldova and\nSlovakia.\n\n\n\n**OCT - DEC 2022** **JAN - MAR 2023** **APR - JUN 2023** **JUL - SEP 2023**\n\n\n\nof respondents reported\ndifficulties accessing\nhealthcare\n\n\n**Difficulties accessing healthcare***\n\n\n\nof respondents reported\ndifficulties accessing\nhealthcare\n\n\n**Difficulties accessing healthcare***\n\n\n\nof respondents reported\ndifficulties accessing\nhealthcare\n\n\n**Difficulties accessing healthcare***\n\n\n\nof respondents reported\ndifficulties accessing\nhealthcare\n\n\n**Difficulties accessing healthcare***\n\n\n\nLong wait\n\nLanguage barrier\n\nCannot afford\n\nDenied access\n\nLack of information\n\nNot available\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n70%\n\n\n\nLong wait\n\nLanguage barrier\n\nCannot afford\n\nDenied access\n\nLack of information\n\nNot available\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n68%\n\n\n\nLong wait\n\nLanguage barrier\n\nCannot afford\n\nDenied access\n\nLack of information\n\nNot available\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n72%\n\n\n\nLong wait\n\nLanguage barrier\n\nCannot afford\n\nDenied access\n\nLack of information\n\nNot available\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n31%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n*Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added.\n\n\n**16** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**In focus: limited access to work for households including people with disabilities and persons with**\n**serious medical conditions.**\n\nDuring all reporting periods, a comparatively higher percentage of households with at least one person\nwith a disability or a serious medical condition reported experiencing difficulties accessing healthcare\nthan other households, mostly because of long waiting times as well as high medical and associated\nfees. For instance, in Q3 2023, 49% of households with at least one person with a disability struggled to\naccess healthcare \u2013 considerably higher than 32% recorded among other households in the same\nperiod.\n\n\n**ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH AT LEAST ONE PERSON WITH A SERIOUS MEDICAL CONDITIONS VS OTHER**\n\n**HOUSEHOLDS**\n\n\n\nRespondents who reported difficulties accessing\nhealthcare (with at least one person with a serious\nmedical condition)\n\n\n\nRespondents who reported difficulties accessing\nhealthcare (without a person with a serious medical\ncondition)\n\n\n\n47% 48%\n\n42%\n39%\n\n\nOct-Dec 2022 Jan-Mar 2023 Apr-Jun 2023 Jul-Sep 2023\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 3 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Respondents who reported difficulties accessing\nhealthcare", - "confidence": 0.9237028360366821, - "start": 151, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8608795404434204, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.621687114238739, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### Regional Protection Analysis #3 Trends analysis: Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia NOVEMBER 2023\n\n**UNHCR** Regional Bureau for Europe\n[rbeext@unhcr.org](mailto:rbeext%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n[www.unhcr.org/europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe)\n\n\nFor further information visit the UNHCR Operational Data Portal for Ukraine:\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/422e28e5-e6d2-49ba-b30d-4707170bc381/2023%2011%2013%20Ukraine%20regional%20protection%20Report%20No%203.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_400/raw/doc_400_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_400/raw/doc_400_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1e2801aa828fcfb489392b8315026cc51862393f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_400/raw/doc_400_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**From Aid to Self-Reliance: Revisiting & Reviving Discussions on**\n**Transition to Livelihoods | June 2024**\n\n\n**From Aid to Self-Reliance: Revisiting & Reviving Discussions on Transition to Livelihoods for 2024**\n\n\n_Although discussions on transition from basic needs assistance to livelihoods and referrals have been progressing in T\u00fcrkiye,_\n_significant increases in humanitarian assistance needs after the February 2023 earthquake have practically suspended_\n_targeted deliberations on sustainability and self-reliance via transition to livelihoods. Nevertheless, after immediate_\n_earthquake needs were addressed to a great degree, escalating resilience needs of both refugees and the affected host_\n_community have again come to the fore. By extension, transition to livelihoods have become as prominent as before in the_\n_agenda of the Basic Needs sector and stakeholders for 2024. In line with this refocusing, the objective of the following_\n_summary note is to re-open discussions on transition through briefly reminding previous discussions and suggesting possible_\n_areas of importance to focus on in 2024._\n\n\n**Context**\n\n\nIn addition to providing access to basic needs and fundamental services to persons in need including refugees, [i] the Republic\nof T\u00fcrkiye also provides refugees with the right to enter into the formal labour market. Ministry of Labour and Social\nSecurity (MoLSS) provides access to formal employment opportunities to refugees in T\u00fcrkiye through **work permits** [ii] on\nthe basis of the Regulation on Work Permits of Foreigners under Temporary Protection, and the Regulation on the Work of\nInternational Protection Applicants and International Protection Status Holders. Public institutions also provide further\nemployment support for both Turkish citizens and refugees through projects such as ISDEP (Employment Support Project\nfor Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens) by MoLSS and training and referral support by Turkish\nEmployment Agency (\u0130\u015eKUR).\n\n\nAccording to the **Inter-Agency Protection Needs Assessment (IAPNA) Round 7** targeting vulnerable refugees and host\ncommunity members affected by the earthquake, 28% of respondents are unemployed and **72%** are working ( **59%** and\n**13%** working informally and formally, respectively). [iii] Also, most respondents who are working are reported to be engaged\nin occasional, short-term and irregular employment ( **57%** ) and in seasonal jobs ( **12%** ). [iv] The high levels of **unemployment**\nand **informal work** along with **insecure** and **unstable** nature of work undertaken by the most vulnerable individuals bring\nalong a certain degree of **precariousness** hindering effective satisfaction of basic needs and curtailing resilience in addition\nto the possibility of exacerbating various **protection risks** .\n\n\n**Higher inflation rates in 2023** compared to same periods last year [v] and resulting **cost of living increase** coupled with the\nabovementioned employment challenges lead to inadequate meeting of basic needs and hindered access to sustainable\nlivelihoods opportunities. The majority of IAPNA respondents ( **83%** ) stated their financial standing have deteriorated in the\nlast year and **90%** of respondents reported that they are not able to fully cover their monthly expenses and basic needs. [vi]\nThus, addressing basic needs as the first step to transition to livelihoods has become more salient in the current context.\n\n\n**Previous Discussions and Progress**\n\n\nIn order to address the needs arising from the aforementioned context, there have been comprehensive and\nmultidimensional discussions on transition to livelihoods and referrals with various outputs including relevant tools\nin T\u00fcrkiye. Some key progress is briefly mentioned below:\n\n\n_**K\u0131z\u0131laykart Cash Based Assistance Programmes Livelihoods Survey Findings**_ _**[vii]**_ _**:**_ The objective of the study was to undertake\na livelihoods-related **profiling** of ESSN beneficiaries with regards to their income levels, employment status focusing on\ninformal work, and skills. According to the findings, the primary challenge when entering into the labour force was the\n**language barrier** and there is a positive correlation between **education level** and Turkish language proficiency, which may\nhelp with prioritisation of cases for transition. This study and its findings fed into the **Exit Strategy from the ESSN**\n**Programme of FRiT** mentioned below.\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nter-Agency Protection Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.995215654373169, - "start": 337, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "APNA)", - "confidence": 0.9844414591789246, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ulnerable refugees and host\ncommunity members", - "confidence": 0.7893171310424805, - "start": 349, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Livelihoods Survey", - "confidence": 0.557709276676178, - "start": 694, - "end": 696 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7728247046470642, - "start": 695, - "end": 696 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.7834410667419434, - "start": 676, - "end": 677 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ESSN beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9311074614524841, - "start": 732, - "end": 734 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9090964794158936, - "start": 802, - "end": 803 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfaaa0a0-9b04-4c9b-a469-5325e6498cf6/From%20Aid%20to%20Self-Reliance%20Revisiting%20%26%20Reviving%20Discussions%20on%20Transition%20to%20Livelihoods%20for%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**From Aid to Self-Reliance: Revisiting & Reviving Discussions on**\n**Transition to Livelihoods | June 2024**\n\n\n_**Exit Strategy from the ESSN**_ _**[viii]**_ _**Programme**_ _**of FRiT**_ **[ix]** **:** The focus was on meeting basic needs of refugees in the first phase\nof the FRiT. However, with the refugee crisis becoming more protracted, the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye has commendably been\nwilling to provide more sustainable and **development-oriented** support in addition to basic needs assistance. In line with\nthis objective, a **graduation strategy** was deemed essential to decrease aid dependency and facilitate transition to\nlivelihoods of refugees by providing them with necessary skills. The strategy highlighted the need to overcome funding gaps\nand strengthen collaboration between public institutions and international and local organisations to support vulnerable\nindividuals so that they can contribute to the developing economy of the country.\n\n\n_**ESSN Programme Technical Analysis Report on Transition from Basic Need Assistance to Livelihood Opportunities**_ _**[x]**_ _**:**_ The\naim of this analysis was to support processes for **referrals** of ESSN beneficiaries with relevant profiles to livelihoods\nopportunities. Challenges were identified as **lack of livelihood opportunities** and inadequate provision of livelihood\ntrainings and other support in some refugee-dense provinces such as those in **southeastern** T\u00fcrkiye. **Data collection**\n**restrictions** affect **livelihoods-related profiling** of beneficiaries as well.\n\n\n_**Livelihood Transition of the ESSN Capacity - Mapping and Understanding the Potential**_ _**[xi]**_ _**:**_ The objective of this mapping\nwas to provide an overview of livelihoods profiling of ESSN beneficiaries. The findings included that the majority of the\nsample households had at least one working member (including those working **informally** ) and there were significant\n**income irregularity** decreasing **sustainability** of employment.\n\n\n_**Output Paper**_ **of** _**the Task Team on Referral and Transition to Livelihoods Opportunities**_ **[xii]** **:** The objective of this 3RP Task\nTeam [xiii] was to develop common strategies and suggest possible pathways to facilitate transition to livelihoods. The Task\nTeam regularly convened in late 2020 and throughout 2021 to discuss key issues of transition processes. It was stressed\nthat finding **policy solutions** to facilitate transition through addressing **structural barriers** into the labour market and\nsupporting the **increase of employment opportunities** should be prioritised. The report also emphasised the need to\nprovide **incentives** **for** **formal work** to social assistance recipients. The suggestions concerned firstly concentrating on the\n**supply side** of the referral and transition processes by supporting the employability of refugees and the host community.\n\n\n_**Joint Protection & Livelihoods Workshop Report**_ _**[xiv]**_ _**:**_ In addition to transition from basic needs assistance to livelihoods\nopportunities, transition and referral of persons with **protection needs** was also cited as a significant need by stakeholders,\nbringing about the possibility of enhancing utilisation of the extant **inter-agency referral mechanisms** such as IARF widely\nused under the 3RP Protection sector to be functionalised for protection-livelihoods referrals as well. In line with this, the\n3RP Protection and Livelihoods [xv] sectors organised a joint workshop in 2022 following several consolidated discussions to\nidentify crucial needs, challenges and possible solutions related to issues including referrals and protection mainstreaming\nin livelihoods support among others. Resulting pathways focused on relevant areas of intersectionality between protection\nand livelihoods, envisaging ongoing cross-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder advocacy in this regard.\n\n\n_**Inter-Agency Referral Form (IARF) Package**_ _**[xvi]**_ _**:**_ IARF was developed in 2018 by the National Protection Working Group as\nthe **recommended tool** to be utilised by humanitarian actors in the refugee context of T\u00fcrkiye when facilitating and\ndocumenting **case referrals** at the inter-agency level in accordance with the **minimum standards** . IARF and its package\nincluding relevant guidance and the consent form are regularly revised depending on referral needs. Its objectives include\nbolstering referral pathways, promoting minimum standards and harmonisation and preventing confidentiality breaches\nwith regards to referrals between different organisations.\n\n\n_**Livelihoods Profiling Form**_ _**[xvii]**_ _**:**_ In line with the need for enhancing processes for referrals to livelihood opportunities and\ndeveloping a joint system for profiling of beneficiaries at the inter-agency level, a Livelihoods Sector Profiling Form was\nprepared in 2021. The form can be used by partners to profile beneficiaries in a harmonized way, facilitating a **profiling**\n**mapping** in practice, and may also be utilised as a **complementary tool** to the IARF.\n\n\n_**Services Advisor**_ _**[xviii]**_ _**:**_ This is a platform developed in 2016 for mapping available services. It is accessible to both refugees\nand service providers. Its objective is to support operational coordination in the context of the refugee response, **prevent**\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfaaa0a0-9b04-4c9b-a469-5325e6498cf6/From%20Aid%20to%20Self-Reliance%20Revisiting%20%26%20Reviving%20Discussions%20on%20Transition%20to%20Livelihoods%20for%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**From Aid to Self-Reliance: Revisiting & Reviving Discussions on**\n**Transition to Livelihoods | June 2024**\n\n\n**duplication** and highlight geographic and sector-specific areas with unmet demand for services. It can also be utilised as a\nplatform to facilitate inter-agency and cross-sectoral referrals. Service provider organisations can have access to the\nbackend of the platform to update information on services they offer, and beneficiaries can find information on services\navailable in all provinces and sectors.\n\n\n_**ESSN Livelihoods Pathways Study**_ _**[xix]**_ _**:**_ According to this study, many refugees prefer jobs in line with their previous\nexperiences and existing skill sets due to a **familiarity bias** which limits their awareness of other job opportunities. Many\nare also not aware of the **\u201custa\u201d (master) system** in T\u00fcrkiye through which they can have more sustainable earnings\ncompared to informal work. In addition, most refugees focus more on being employed and having an **income** rather than\nspecificities of trainings and jobs and many do not see trainings as a guaranteed channel to employment. Also, both\nrefugees and vocational chambers may lack correct and up-to-date information due to **misconceptions** with regards to\nformal employment conditions, insurance issues, working conditions and salaries etc.\n\n\n**Way-forward & Advocacy**\n\n\nThe protracted nature of the refugee response and the fact that T\u00fcrkiye is an upper-middle income developing country [xx]\nnecessitates transitioning from humanitarian support to development assistance to enhance sustainability and selfreliance. However, the demand for basic needs support is still salient and has been increasing due to successive crises such\nas COVID-19 pandemic, February 2023 earthquake and macroeconomic challenges such as high inflation and\nunemployment rates, making it more difficult to continue the progress achieved so far regarding transition to livelihoods.\nIn fact, decreasing funding trends negatively affect provision of both basic needs assistance and transition support. For\nexample, 3RP Basic Needs sector partners have not been able to report significant progress against their 2024 targets for\nproviding transition to livelihoods counselling to basic needs support beneficiaries due to the lack of funding. [xxi]\n\nIn this context, coordination, implementation and advocacy efforts to address basic needs and showcase the importance\ntransition support should be in the sectoral agenda with greater focus in 2024. Possible areas of focus for the Basic Needs\nSector in 2024 may include:\n\n\n\n\n- **Satisfaction of existing basic needs gaps** \uf0e0 The sector will coordinate and collaborate with all relevant\nstakeholders, including relevant coordination bodies, to **firstly** address basic needs of the most vulnerable\nhouseholds to the extent possible in the given response capacity. Meeting the immediate basic needs remains as\nthe first step before embarking upon transition to livelihoods.\n\n- **Effective stakeholder engagement** \uf0e0 The sector will undertake advocacy efforts thought effective engagement\nwith stakeholders such as donors to emphasise the current challenges in basic needs, and transition support due\nto the **lack of funding** in humanitarian and development interventions; and to show the importance of addressing\nthese needs to promote resilience and self-reliance.\n\n- **Effective information sharing with stakeholders** \uf0e0 The sector will work towards facilitating the provision of\n**correct and up-to-date information** on work related procedures, rights and responsibilities to all basic needs\nbeneficiaries, such as formal employment conditions, employers and vocational chambers to tackle current\n**information gaps** and **misconceptions** .\n\n- **Development of a Standard Transition and Self-Reliance Referral Package** \uf0e0 Since recent assessmentsxxii show\n\n\n\n**Development of a Standard Transition and Self-Reliance Referral Package** \uf0e0 Since recent assessmentsxxii show\n\nthat beneficiaries prefer employment support directing them to viable employment options compared to\nundertaking trainings. In collaboration with relevant stakeholders, the sector aims to prepare a **referral guidance**\n**for basic needs beneficiaries** focusing on self-reliance referralsxxiii to provide information on how beneficiaries can\nlearn about job opportunities without familiarity bias and legal rights and procedures and so on as soon as they\nreceive a basic needs support.\n\n\n\nxxiii\n\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination T\u00fcrkiye_\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfaaa0a0-9b04-4c9b-a469-5325e6498cf6/From%20Aid%20to%20Self-Reliance%20Revisiting%20%26%20Reviving%20Discussions%20on%20Transition%20to%20Livelihoods%20for%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**From Aid to Self-Reliance: Revisiting & Reviving Discussions on**\n**Transition to Livelihoods | June 2024**\n\n\n - **Provision of Timely Service Updates to Streamline Referral Processes** \uf0e0 The sector will continue to strive\ntowards **regular** **and timely** information updates on service and referral information platforms such as **[Services](https://turkey.servicesadvisor.org/)**\n**Advisor** .\n\n\ni For the purpose of this document, references to the term \u201crefugee\u201d should be read to include Syrians under temporary protection, international\nprotection applicants and status holders in accordance with T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s legal and policy framework, notably the Law on Foreigners and International\nProtection, as well as the Temporary Protection Regulation.\nii The number of work permits given to foreigners in 2021 was 168,103, with 91,500 being provided to Syrians. (This number includes all permits given to\nresidents and Syrians under temporary protection). ; Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MoLSS), Work Permits of Foreigners \u2013\n2021, [https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/90062/yabanciizin2021.pdf](https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/90062/yabanciizin2021.pdf)\niii Inter-Agency Protection Needs Assessment Round 7 Report (August 2023), (16/11/2023), [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104862](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104862)\niv Ibid.\nv Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), (03/06/2024), Consumer Price Index, May 2024, [https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Mayis-2024-53615)\n[Mayis-2024-53615](https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Mayis-2024-53615)\nvi Inter-Agency Protection Needs Assessment Round 7 Report (August 2023), (16/11/2023), [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104862](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104862)\nvii Turkish Red Crescent (TRC), (04/04/2019), K\u0131z\u0131laykart Cash Based Assistance Programmes Livelihoods Survey Findings,\n[https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/kizilaykart-cash-based-assistance-programmes-livelihoods-survey-findings](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/kizilaykart-cash-based-assistance-programmes-livelihoods-survey-findings)\nviii The name of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) programme was changed as Social Safety Net (SSN) in 2023. Also, the role for the coimplementation of the SSN III programme phase was transferred from IFRC to the Ministry of Family and Social Services (MoFSS) through an agreement\nsigned with the European Union. In line with this agreement, Complementary-SSN (C-SSN) II and SSN IV phases were combined and started to be\nimplemented by the MoFSS in cooperation with TRC.\nix Facility for Refugees in T\u00fcrkiye (FRiT) Office of the Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye & MoFSS, _(20/12/2018)_ Exit Strategy from the ESSN Program,\n[https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/3725/essn-exit-strategy-1.pdf](https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/3725/essn-exit-strategy-1.pdf)\nx TRC, (First Quarter of 2019), Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Programme Technical Analysis Report, Transition from Basic Need Assistance to\n[Livelihood Opportunities, https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN%20Programme%20Technical%20Analysis.pdf](https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN%20Programme%20Technical%20Analysis.pdf)\nxi TRC, (01/10/2020), Livelihood Transition of the ESSN Capacity Mapping and Understanding the Potential,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/79311](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/79311)\nxii Task Team on Referral and Transition to Livelihoods Opportunities - Output Paper, December 2021,\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109207](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109207)\nxiii Co-chaired by TRC and UNDP with technical support from IFRC.\nxiv Joint Protection & Livelihoods Workshop Report, (June 2022), [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105722](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105722)\nxv Since late 2022 and 2023, and in line with the 2023-25 multi-year plan of the 3RP T\u00fcrkiye, the Livelihoods sector and the Food Security and Agriculture\nsector have been merged into the Economic Empowerment Sector. ; 3RP T\u00fcrkiye Country Chapter - 2023/2025, (16/03/2023),\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99579](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99579)\nxvi Both the IARF Form Package (available in [English](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102957) and [Turkish) and IARF (English, Turkish, Arabic and](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102959) [Farsi) can be accessed through the links.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102954)\nxvii Joint Protection & Livelihoods Workshop Report, (June 2022), [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105722](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105722)\nxviii [https://turkiye.servicesadvisor.net/en](https://turkiye.servicesadvisor.net/en)\nxix TRC & IFRC, (April 2023), ESSN Livelihoods Pathways Study, [https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN_Livelihoods_Pathways_Study.pdf](https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN_Livelihoods_Pathways_Study.pdf)\nxx Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Development Assistance Committee (DAC) List of Official Development Assistance\n[(ODA) Recipients |Effective for reporting on 2024 and 25 flows, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-](https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/DAC-List-of-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2024-25-flows.pdf)\n[standards/DAC-List-of-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2024-25-flows.pdf](https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/DAC-List-of-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2024-25-flows.pdf)\nxxi Basic Needs Sector Response Capacity Overview for 2024\nxxii TRC & IFRC, (April 2023), ESSN Livelihoods Pathways Study, [https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN_Livelihoods_Pathways_Study.pdf](https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/Doc/rapor/ESSN_Livelihoods_Pathways_Study.pdf)\nxxiii As most of the current projects of the sector partners targeting livelihoods assistance are on hold due to the lack of funding self-referrals may provide\nan opportunity for more efficient use of decreasing resources.\n\n\n_Inter-agency Coordination 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\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 `)TMK(` \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 `.` \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `)NRG(` \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 )) `3RP(` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062a \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\n\n\n1\n_https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2021-07/%28EN%29%20Grand%20Bargain%202.0%20Framework.pdf_\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5039244890213013, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.718798041343689, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n`2.` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n\n\n**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646**\n\n\n`12` \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 `)30(` \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a `)63(` \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627 `52` \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 `93` \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\n\n\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648 `)CSOs(` \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a `31` \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 `3` \u062c\u0647\u0629 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\u0627\u0623\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0648\n\n\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 `)NRG(` \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 `.` \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639 \u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648 `)NRG(` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 `)LAG(` \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 `)TMK(` \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `2023` \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 `4` \u0641\u064a `2`\n\n`.)ToR(` \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a `.)ToR(` \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a `)NRG(` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5317790508270264, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627", - "confidence": 0.8621348142623901, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5494498610496521, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n#### **\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 : 1 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629**\n\n\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 `/` `IKGV` \u060c\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631 `.` \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\n\n\u061b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 `)TMK(` \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `/)KEDV(` \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 `-)OXFAM` \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0645 ) \u060c\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 `)LAG(`\n\n\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 `.)TMK(` \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `/)IGAM(` \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\n\n`:` \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 `.` \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n### [2.0] [\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642 \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649] \u2022\n```\n .2020\n\n```\n\n\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\n### [ .] [\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629] \u2022\n\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a `.` \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 `o`\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\n#### [:] [\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629] \u2022\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 `/` \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `o`\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5203583240509033, - "start": 165, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7843480706214905, - "start": 187, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.665053129196167, - "start": 221, - "end": 223 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n`.` \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646\n\n\n\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 `\u2013` \u0644\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\n\n\n\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 `.` \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.` \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\n\n\n\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a.\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n#### [\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623] \u2022\n\n\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.8347395062446594, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.9164227843284607, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a", - "confidence": 0.7625610828399658, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627", - "confidence": 0.929766058921814, - "start": 413, - "end": 414 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5366904735565186, - "start": 503, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 [\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627]\n#### [\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648 ] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `.` \u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 `.)NRG(` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 `/)RLO` \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 ) \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.)NRG(` \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 `2` \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 `( .` \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0623 `.` \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u0646\n\n`.)` \u0644\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\n\n#### **) NRG( \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 : 4 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629** **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644)\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a(**\n\n\n`2022` \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c \u0642\n\n\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 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\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\n\n\n**\u064a\u0629\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646**\n\n\n`,` \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a **`:`** **\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629**\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0648\u0623\u0646\n\n\n\u0644\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\n\n`:` \u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a `/` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a `/` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\n#### `\u2022` [:] [\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642] \u2022\n\n\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 `o`\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 `/` \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 `o`\n\n\n`)` \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a `(` \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 `)` \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a `(` \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n_`)`_ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0641\u064a _`(`_ \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u061f\n\n\n`:` \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u062a\u0645\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\n#### [/] [\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628] \u2022\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 `/` \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n#### [\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a] \u2022\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7897401452064514, - "start": 1, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0623", - "confidence": 0.5899972319602966, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.7602510452270508, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642", - "confidence": 0.763912558555603, - "start": 327, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \u0625\u0637\ufefc\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufee3\u0648\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\u0648\u0637\ufee7\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n\n\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e `/` \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n`:` \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\n#### [.] [\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642] \u2022\n\n\n\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\n#### [\u0648] \u2022\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 `/` \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 `.` \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0643 `)INGOs(` \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\n`:` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\n\n\n`:` \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 `.` \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 `o`\n\n\n\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \n\n\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 `/` \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \n\n\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \n`.` \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 `/` \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\n\n\n\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u066a `20` \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 `/` \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\n\n\n`.` \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e `o`\n\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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`o`\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a `/` \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 `o`\n\u0627 \u060c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0648\u0634\u062c\u0639 `.` \u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 `o`\n\n`.` \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623 \u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f `o`\n\n\n`.` \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 `o`\n\n\n\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a `.` \u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630 `o`\n\n\n`.` \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\n\n\n\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645 \u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639 `o`\n\n\n`.` \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n\n\n\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a `.` \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 `/` \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644 `o`\n\n\n`.` \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u064a\u060c\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\n\n\n\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 `o`\n\n\n\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0642 `.` \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642", - "confidence": 0.5135813355445862, - "start": 52, - "end": 54 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642", - "confidence": 0.7374813556671143, - "start": 181, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a", - "confidence": 0.5865369439125061, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\n\n\n`.` \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 `/` \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 `o`\n\n\n**:\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629**\n\n\n`:` \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 `)NRG(` \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u062f\u0645\u062a \u060c \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\n\n\n**:\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631**\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a `[ .]` [\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627]\n#### [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c ] \u2022\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 `)TMK(` \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `.` \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\n\n`.` \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 `)LAG(`\n\n\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 `.` \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n#### [.] [\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642] \u2022\n\n\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 `)STGM(` \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\n\n\n**\u0639\u0644 :\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f**\n\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 `.` \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`)TMK(` \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `)` \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 `)GIZ(` \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a `(`\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\n\n\n\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 `-` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 `)CSOs(` \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.)` )\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 ) `UN(` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\n\n\n\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a `.` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 `/` \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\n#### [\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u062a\n\n\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 `/` \u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\n\n`.` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 `)` \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a `(` \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `.).` \u0630\u0644\u0643\n\n\n**\u0629\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a**\n\n\n**:\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629**\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f `,` \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 `,` \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 `,` \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 `,` \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\n#### `\u2022` [\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u061f] \u2022\n\n\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627 `6` \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\n#### `\u2022` [\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061f] \u2022 [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u061f] \u2022\n\n\n`:` \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0629\n\n\n\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\n#### [\u0648\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a] \u2022\n\n`:` \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 `:` \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0644 `o`\n\n`.` \u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0631\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c `:` \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648 `o`\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6478941440582275, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\n\n`.` \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\n\n\n\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 **\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0629** \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 ) `NGOs` \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a `o`\n\n`.` \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\n\n\n\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n\n\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\n**:\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629**\n\n\n\n**:\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631**\n\n\n\n`6` \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644 `)NRG(` \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\n\n\n\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 `)NRG(` \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.` \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\n\n\n\n`.` \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 `)NRG(` \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n#### [.] [\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 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[.] [\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a `(` \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 `4` \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n**:\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f**\n\n\n#### .)NRG( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2022\n\n\n#### [.] [\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627] \u2022\n\n\n\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 `/` \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 `)NRG(` \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### [ .] [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629] \u2022\n\n\n\n`.` \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646", - "confidence": 0.6106194257736206, - "start": 615, - "end": 618 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.8022208213806152, - "start": 619, - "end": 622 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 `)NRG(` \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n`.` \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 `.` \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\n\n\n**:\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631**\n\n\n\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u066a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `25` \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u060c\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`)NRG(` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d\n#### [\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\n\n\n\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0630 \u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a `o`\n\n`.` \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\n\n\n\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 `)NRG` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \n`.` \u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a `.` \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7402388453483582, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5495569705963135, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627", - "confidence": 0.6790498495101929, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644", - "confidence": 0.5965892672538757, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627", - "confidence": 0.8512364029884338, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a `)NRG` \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \n\u060c `)NRG(` \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 `)LAG(` \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 `)TMK` \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 )\n\n`.` \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 `/` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u062f \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0643 `)INGOs(` \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\n#### `\u2022`\n\n`.` \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064b\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 `/` \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a `/` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n`.` \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\n\n\n\n`.` \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0639\u0644\n#### `\u2022`\n\n\n\n\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\n#### [\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u064b\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644] \u2022\n\n`.` \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\n\n\n\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\n#### [\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631 ] \u2022\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 `/` \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `.` \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621\n\n\n\n`.` \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\n#### [\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631 ] \u2022\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 `/` \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 `.` \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621\n\n`.` \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 `.` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\n\n\n**\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629**\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0629 **`:`** **\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629**\n\n\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5650783777236938, - "start": 461, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6292436718940735, - "start": 504, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.749518096446991, - "start": 669, - "end": 672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643", - "confidence": 0.9202258586883545, - "start": 771, - "end": 773 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \u0625\u0637\ufefc\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufee3\u0648\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\u0648\u0637\ufee7\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n\n\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u061f\n\n\n\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627 \u0631\u0629 `2022` \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 `)LAG(` \u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\n\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629] \u2022\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \u0625\u0637\ufefc\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufee3\u0648\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\u0648\u0637\ufee7\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n#### **\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 : 1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642** **)NRG( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629**\n\n[\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646] `\u2022`\n\n\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n)ARSA \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n)STGM \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n[\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629] `\u2022`\n\n[\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642] `\u2022`\n\n[\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646] `\u2022`\n\n[\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629] `\u2022`\n\n)DRC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n[\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629] `\u2022`\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\n\n\n)DDD\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 ) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\n\n[\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062b] `\u2022`\n\n[\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646] `\u2022`\n\n)KEDV \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n[\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a] `\u2022`\n\n)HIHFAD \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n[\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629] `\u2022`\n\n[\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646] `\u2022`\n\n[\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0644] `\u2022`\n\n)IKGV \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n[\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062b \u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629IHH] `\u2022`\n\n[\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0628] `\u2022`\n\n)I4D\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629)\n```\n \u2022\n```\n\n\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 `\u2022`\n\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u0644 `\u2022`\n\n\n)LAG \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646) `\u2022`\n\n\n\n)MOK\u0130D \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a) `\u2022`\n\n\n)\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062f) \u0645MUDEM `\u2022`\n\n\n)\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062aNEAR\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643) \u064a\u0646 `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c `\u2022`\n\n\n)OXFAM \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0645) `\u2022`\n\n\n)TMK \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627) `\u2022`\n\n\n)IGAM \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629) `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 `\u2022`\n\n\n\u2013SGDD \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646) `\u2022`\n\n) ASAM\n\n\n)STL\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 ) \u062f\u0639\u0645 `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 `\u2022`\n\n\n)TRC \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a) `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 `\u2022`\n\n\n)UN RCO \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645) `\u2022`\n\n\n)UN WOMEN\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 ) `\u2022`\n\n\n)UNDP \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a) `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646UNFPA `\u2022`\n\n\n)) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646UNHCR `\u2022`\n\n\n)UNICEF\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0641 ) `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 `\u2022`\n\n)PRM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629)\n\n\n\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c `\u2022`\n\n\n\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 `\u2022`\n\n\n)WHH \u0627\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) `\u2022`\n\n\n)KADAV \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) `\u2022`\n\n\n\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 `\u2022`\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n#### **)NRG( \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 : 2 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\n\n\n\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a `.` \u062b\u0642\u0629\u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\n\n\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 `.` \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\n\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 `.` \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\n\n`.` \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\n\n`:` \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0640 `)NRG(` \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n#### [\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627] \u2022 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 [\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u060c\u0648] \u2022 [\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646] \u2022 [\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643] \u2022\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.532333493232727, - "start": 14, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NRG", - "confidence": 0.5680459141731262, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644", - "confidence": 0.682013988494873, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \u0625\u0637\ufefc\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufee3\u0648\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\u0648\u0637\ufee7\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n\n**\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644**\n\n\n\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0643\n\n`.` 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\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c **09.45** **\u2013** **09.30**\n\n\n\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a **10.00** **\u2013** **09.45**\n\n\n\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\n\n\n)( \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646LAG)/ \u060c\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631( \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0130KGV\n\n\n)/ \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627( \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0623\u0631\u0632\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0631\u060c\n\n\n)( \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646ARSA\n\n\n)GIZ( \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062c\u064a\u0633\u0646\u060c\n\n\n\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646UNHCR\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c\n\n\n)( \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 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\ufed7\ufe8e\u0645 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufeb7\ufe8e\u0631\ufedb\u0648\u0646 \ufe91\ufe97\ufea3\u062f\ufbfe\u062f \u0627\ufef9\ufe9f\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufedf\u0648\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufef2 \ufbfe\ufe97\ufea7\u0630\u06be\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\u0631\ufbfe\ufed6 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \u0627\ufef7\u0631\ufe91\ufecc\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\ufe97\ufee3\u0648\ufbfe\u0644 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\u0631\u0627\ufedb\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufee7\ufeb3\ufbfe\ufed6\n\n\u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufee3\ufedb\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe8e\u062a.\n\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 **14.45** **\u2013 14.30**\n\n\n\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 **16.15** **\u2013** **14.45**\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\ufe9f\ufee3\ufe8e\ufecb\ufbfe\ufe94 **17.30 \u2013** 1 **7.15**\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\ufbfe\u0631 \u0625\u0637\ufefc\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufee3\u0648\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\u0648\u0637\ufee7\ufbfe\ufe94\n\n#### **\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 : 4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642**\n\n\n\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644\n\n) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a( \u0629NRG\n\n)( \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629NRG\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b9d6547-5876-4f33-a8a2-3c87443786e2/From%20Global%20to%20the%20National%20-%20National%20Reference%20Group%20Launch%20Report_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_402/raw/doc_402_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_402/raw/doc_402_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 380b6eafaa3e82d06df184733e5914b2a917d773..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_402/raw/doc_402_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **RESUME** **PROFILAGE DES PERSONNES DEPLACEES** **INTERNES (PDIs)**\n\n### **DANS LA PREFECTURE DE**\n## **BAMINGUI BANGORAN,** **REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ce rapport pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats globaux de l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les PDIs de mai 2011 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur deux\naxes (Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre/Dar\u2010el\u2010Kouti et Bamingui) de la Bamingui Bangoran. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u dans le but\nd\u2019am\u00e9liorer le niveau d\u2019information sur le nombre d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9 par sexe et \u00e2ge, et la r\u00e9partition des\nPDIs ainsi que leurs conditions de vie et leurs besoins de base pour un meilleur ciblage des\ninterventions en leur faveur.\n\n#### **Conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n\n\n**La conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du profilage est que la situation entre les PDIs et les Non PDIs est**\n**globalement similaire** . Les diff\u00e9rences sont nettement moins \u00e9lev\u00e9es que dans d\u2019autres\nsituations de crise. Cependant, les PDIs se trouvent dans de situations d\u00e9favorables en ce qui\nconcerne certains secteurs ou d\u2019aspects \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de secteurs, notamment l\u2019eau et\nassainissement.\n\n\nLa similarit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale peut s\u2019expliquer par plusieurs facteurs :\n\n\na) Les PDIs disposent d\u2019une r\u00e9silience et capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation consid\u00e9rables.\n\n\nb) Un tissu familial favorisant l\u2019absorption des PDIs dans les nouvelles localit\u00e9s est bien en place.\n23,7% de PDIs se consid\u00e8rent comme des r\u00e9sidents permanents tandis que 22,9% de PDIs sont\naccueillis dans un m\u00e9nage. En tenant compte de l\u2019assimilation et du fait que 99% des membres\nde m\u00e9nages proviennent de la m\u00eame famille et peuvent partager les ressources selon les\ncoutumes, ces 46,7% de PDIs ram\u00e8nent les autres PDIs statistiquement dans des conditions plus\ncomparables aux PDIs. L\u2019importance de la famille est aussi refl\u00e9t\u00e9e dans le fait que 69% de PDI\nont choisi leur localit\u00e9 en fonction d\u2019un regroupement familial. 29,5% de PDI ont re\u00e7u d\u2019autres\nPDIs de leur part.\n\n\nc) Les Non PDIs se retrouvent \u00e9galement affect\u00e9s par le conflit. Par exemple, le fait que 26% des\nNon PDIs n\u2019ont plus acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs champs affecte la productivit\u00e9 dans l\u2019agriculture, secteur\nd\u2019activit\u00e9 principal.\n\n#### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n#### **Conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n\n\n\n**La conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du profilage est que la situation entre les PDIs et les Non PDIs est**\n**globalement similaire** . Les diff\u00e9rences sont nettement moins \u00e9lev\u00e9es que dans d\u2019autres\nsituations de crise. Cependant, les PDIs se trouvent dans de situations d\u00e9favorables en ce qui\nconcerne certains secteurs ou d\u2019aspects \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de secteurs, notamment l\u2019eau et\nassainissement.\n\n\n\nLa similarit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale peut s\u2019expliquer par plusieurs facteurs :\n\n\n\na) Les PDIs disposent d\u2019une r\u00e9silience et capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation consid\u00e9rables.\n\n\n\nb) Un tissu familial favorisant l\u2019absorption des PDIs dans les nouvelles localit\u00e9s est bien en place.\n23,7% de PDIs se consid\u00e8rent comme des r\u00e9sidents permanents tandis que 22,9% de PDIs sont\naccueillis dans un m\u00e9nage. En tenant compte de l\u2019assimilation et du fait que 99% des membres\nde m\u00e9nages proviennent de la m\u00eame famille et peuvent partager les ressources selon les\ncoutumes, ces 46,7% de PDIs ram\u00e8nent les autres PDIs statistiquement dans des conditions plus\ncomparables aux PDIs. L\u2019importance de la famille est aussi refl\u00e9t\u00e9e dans le fait que 69% de PDI\nont choisi leur localit\u00e9 en fonction d\u2019un regroupement familial. 29,5% de PDI ont re\u00e7u d\u2019autres\nPDIs de leur part.\n\n\nc) Les Non PDIs se retrouvent \u00e9galement affect\u00e9s par le conflit. Par exemple, le fait que 26% des\nNon PDIs n\u2019ont plus acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs champs affecte la productivit\u00e9 dans l\u2019agriculture, secteur\nd\u2019activit\u00e9 principal.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTENAIRES**\n\nPour la r\u00e9alisation de cette \u00e9tude, les partenaires UNHCR, DRC, ECHELLE, Joint IDP Profiling Service\n(JIPS), Bureau Central de Recensement d\u2019ICASEES \u2010 avec appui d\u2019OCHA, UNFPA et Cluster protection \u2010\nse sont investis pour la r\u00e9ussite de l\u2019exercice de profilage \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9\u2010Centre (Dar\u2010el\u2010Kouti) et sur l\u2019axe\nBamingui.\n\n#### **PROC\u00c9DURE DE TRAVAIL**\n\nLa r\u00e9alisation de ce document avait commenc\u00e9e par la mise en place de plateforme de coordination\ndes diff\u00e9rents partenaires impliqu\u00e9s dans le domaine de protection. Ensuite, une phase d\u2019\u00e9laboration\net de validation des outils et m\u00e9thodologie a permis \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quipe de collecter les informations aupr\u00e8s\ndes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\nUne formation l\u2019\u00e9quipe de collecte des donn\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e pour l\u2019\u00e9quipe pour que celle\u2010ci puisse\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une meilleure appropriation des outils et m\u00e9thodologie. Afin de pallier aux imperfections\nli\u00e9es aux outils et m\u00e9thodologie, un profilage test a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9.\n\nS\u2019agissant de gestion des donn\u00e9es, les logiciels CSPro et SPSS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s.\n\nEnfin, la r\u00e9daction de rapport final a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite sur la base d\u2019une m\u00e9thode par laquelle les partenaires\nont pu apporter leurs contributions jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa finalisation.\n\n#### **OBJECTIFS**\n\nCette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue dans le but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le niveau d\u2019information sur le nombre d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9\npar sexe et \u00e2ge, et la r\u00e9partition des PDIs ainsi que leurs conditions de vie et leurs besoins de base\npour un meilleur ciblage des interventions en leur faveur. Cette \u00e9tude avait comme objectifs de :\n\n - Avoir une estimation du nombre des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, des\npersonnes non d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et leur\nr\u00e9partition dans la Bamingui\nBangoran.\n\n - D\u00e9terminer les caract\u00e9ristiques socio\u2010\nd\u00e9mographiques des PDIs et Non PDI.\n\n - D\u00e9terminer les localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine des\nPDIs et les causes de leur\nd\u00e9placement.\n\n - Appr\u00e9cier les conditions de vie\nant\u00e9rieures et actuelles des PDI, ainsi\nque leurs intentions de retourner\ndans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine.\n\n - Avoir les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sur les besoins prioritaires de protection et d\u2019assistance des\nPDIs et non PDIs.\n\n - Disposer au niveau national d\u2019un cadre m\u00e9thodologique appropri\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les\n\u00e9tudes de profilage.\n\n**Le but** de cette \u00e9tude est de voir les r\u00e9sultats servir aux acteurs humanitaires comme outil pour la\nplanification des activit\u00e9s en faveur des PDIs et des Non PDIs ainsi que les familles d\u2019accueil,\nnotamment pour leur protection et leur assistance. Ils pourront permettre de mieux ajuster l\u2019aide\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitaire \u00e0 cette population en mettant en \u0153uvre des strat\u00e9gies de protection des familles\nvictimes de ces troubles.\n\n#### **M\u00c9THODOLOGIE**\n\nPour atteindre les objectifs susmentionn\u00e9s,\nplusieurs outils de collecte d\u2019information ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9s: fiche de d\u00e9nombrement,\nquestionnaire m\u00e9nage, questionnaire de\ngroupes de discussion.\n\nL\u2019op\u00e9ration de profilage a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e \u00e0\ntravers un d\u00e9nombrement syst\u00e9matique de\nl\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9nages des aires de\nd\u00e9nombrement couverts de ces deux axes,\ncoupl\u00e9 d\u2019une enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s de 300\nm\u00e9nages et des groupes de discussions\nd\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9s par age. Les m\u00e9thodes\n\n_Une enqu\u00eate de m\u00e9nage_ d\u2019analyses sont quant \u00e0 elles descriptives.\n\n\nLa collecte des donn\u00e9es s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e du 5 au 27 mai 2011. La saisie, le traitement et l\u2019exploitation\ninformatique des donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quipe ECHELLE en collaboration avec le Bureau\nCentral de Recensement de l\u2019ICASEES. Les informations collect\u00e9es au cours de ce profilage mettent en\nvaleur un certain nombre de r\u00e9sultats.\n\n#### **RESULTATS**\n\n**1.** **D\u00e9nombrement :** Sur les deux axes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enqu\u00eat\u00e9s, il a \u00e9t\u00e9\n### d\u00e9nombr\u00e9 2111 m\u00e9nages (dont 1006 \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre et 1105 sur l\u2019axe 60% de la\n\nBamingui) dont plus d\u2019un quart de m\u00e9nages sont dirig\u00e9s par des femmes\n#### population sont\n(28 %) et 72 % par des hommes. La population totale d\u00e9nombr\u00e9e est de\n#### 10655 individus dont 5668 sur l\u2019axe Bamingui et 4987 \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre. En entre 0 a 19 ans\n\nsuivant une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019extrapolation, la population totale des deux\nzones couvertes est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 60\u2019778 habitants. Cette population est num\u00e9riquement importante \u00e0\nNd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre (38026 habitants ; 63 % du total) que de l\u2019axe Bamingui (22753). Elle se compose de\n18186 PDIs (26,9 % ; dont 10'009 \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre et 8'178 sur axe Bamingui) et de 42592 Non PDIs. En\ntenant compte d\u2019une marge d\u2019erreur, la population totale est estim\u00e9e de 57000 \u00e0 63000, avec 17000\u2010\n19000 PDIs et 40000 \u00e0 44000 Non PDIs. Ces chiffres calcul\u00e9s sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de ceux compil\u00e9s par\nOCHA sur toute la Bamingui Bangoran.\n\n**2. Caract\u00e9ristiques socio d\u00e9mographiques**\n\n**2.1 Structure par sexe et \u00e2ge** : Les groupes d\u2019\u00e2ge dominants dans la population sont ceux compris\nentre 0 et 4 ans (19,3%), 5 et 9 ans (17,4%), 10 et 14 ans (12,2%) et 15 et 19 ans (10,8%). Ces\nstatistiques sont presque similaires\naussi bien chez les PDIs et les Non\nPDIs. Au sein de ces \u00e2ges, les\neffectifs par sexe sont quasiment\nidentiques. L\u2019on remarque aussi\nque 60% des personnes ont moins\nde 20 ans. Par ailleurs, les femmes\n\n\n\n_Une enqu\u00eate de m\u00e9nage_\n\n\n### 60% de la\n#### population sont entre 0 a 19 ans\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "repr\u00e9sentent 53 % des individus enqu\u00eat\u00e9s contre 47 % d\u2019hommes.\n\n**2.2 Caract\u00e9ristiques de la population et des m\u00e9nages** : Les m\u00e9nages de plus de 1 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 9 membres\nsont majoritaires (54%). 0,9 % des membres des m\u00e9nages sont sans lien de parent\u00e9 avec le m\u00e9nage\nde type PDIs ou non. Cette situation met en relief le fait que les PDIs se sont prioritairement orient\u00e9es\nvers des membres de leur famille, c'est\u2010\u00e0\u2010dire les personnes de la m\u00eame lign\u00e9, et tr\u00e8s peu vers\nd\u2019autres personnes. L\u2019on retrouve en effet 17,6 % de collat\u00e9raux du chef ou de son conjoint dans\nl\u2019ensemble de la population. Cette pr\u00e9sence relativement importante d\u2019autres parents dans le\nm\u00e9nage d\u00e9note du fait que la famille \u00e9largie reste l\u2019une des caract\u00e9ristiques de cette population\nenqu\u00eat\u00e9e.\n\nContrairement a ce qu\u2019on peut penser de\nl\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, les groupes ethniques en\ntension Goula et Rounga ne composent\nqu\u2019une petite minorit\u00e9 des PDIs dans\nl\u2019ensemble des deux zones. En faite, la\nr\u00e9partition des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s selon l\u2019ethnie\nindique que 55% sont Banda, 11% des\nNdoka, 7% Rounga, 4% Sara, 2 % Lutos et\n1% Goula.\n\nM\u00eame si la religion Musulmane constitue la\nmajorit\u00e9 a Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre (42%), la structure\nde la population selon l\u2019appartenance\nreligieuse montre que la population dans l\u2019ensemble est constitu\u00e9e en majorit\u00e9 des chr\u00e9tiens\ncatholiques (46 %), des musulmans (23 %),\nsuivi respectivement des chr\u00e9tiens\nbaptistes (16 %) et des \u00e9vang\u00e9listes (11 %).\nLes PDIs sont aussi constitu\u00e9es en majorit\u00e9\nde ces diff\u00e9rentes religions.\n\nPour ce qui est de l\u2019\u00e9tat matrimonial, les\nr\u00e9sultats montrent que plus de la moiti\u00e9 de\nla population vit en union libre. La vie de\nveuvage repr\u00e9sente quant \u00e0 elle 4,8 % de la\npopulation, les s\u00e9par\u00e9s 1% et les divorc\u00e9s\n2,8%. L\u2019on note un taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de mariages\npr\u00e9coces (5.5% des gar\u00e7ons et filles de 12 a\n14 ans et 30,8% de filles de 15 a 17 ans).\n\nA propos de participation \u00e0 une structure communautaire, plus de la moiti\u00e9 des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s ne sont pas\nadh\u00e9rents \u00e0 une structure communautaire (62%). Le r\u00e9sultat de cette \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que 29,5 % de\ncette population se trouve dans les associations religieuses et 7,2 % dans le comit\u00e9 de\nd\u00e9veloppement villageois. De plus, seulement 25% des Chefs de M\u00e9nages PDIs et non PDIs ont\nindiqu\u00e9s s\u2019\u00eatre adh\u00e9r\u00e9s a des groupements agricoles.\n\n**3.** **Conditions de vie des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et de leur famille d\u2019accueil**\n\n**3.1 Habitation** : La situation de r\u00e9sidence de PDIs indique que 53,9% sont des r\u00e9sidents temporaires,\n23,7% des r\u00e9sidents permanents, et 22,4 % des accueillis.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Il en r\u00e9sulte que plus de la moiti\u00e9 des PDIs ont un titre d\u2019h\u00e9bergement actuel dont 57,3% maisons\nd\u2019accueil. Le mode principal d'approvisionnement en eau est le forage (46%) dont 70% sur l\u2019axe\nBamingui et 22% \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre, et le puits (21%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Titre d'occupation/d'h\u00e9bergement actuel|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||**Maison**
**de**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Maison**
**en**
**location**|**Maison**
**d'accueil**
**(gratuit)**|**Abris**
**construit**|**Autres**|**Total**|\n|**Axe**|**Bamingui**|16,0|11,0|57,0|16,0|0,0|**100,0**|\n|**Axe**|**Nd\u00e9l\u00e9\u00a0Centre**|18,2|18,2|57,6|5,1|1,0|**100,0**|\n|**Sexe**|**Homme**|15,4|14,7|58,0|11,2|0,7|**100,0**|\n|**Sexe**|**Femme**|21,4|14,3|55,4|8,9|0,0|**100,0**|\n|**Ensemble**|**Ensemble**|**17,1**|**14,6**|**57,3**|**10,6**|**0,5**|**100,0**|\n\n\nEn fait 38,7% de la population de Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre passe plus qu\u2019une heure \u00e0 marcher pour chercher\nd\u2019eau alors que 50.7% de la population de l\u2019axe Bamingui subit le m\u00eame sort.\n\nAu plan de l\u2019\u00e9clairage, les principaux\nmodes d\u2019\u00e9clairage sont les lampes \u00e0\nbatterie commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9es lampes\nchinoises (38,3 %), lampes temp\u00eates (26,3\n%), bois de chauffe (21 %).\n\nEn mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9quipement, les biens de\nsubsistance d\u2019une famille traditionnelle\ndans la Bamingui Bangoran sont les plus\nfr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9s (nattes, assiettes,\npagnes, moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es, les\nmarmites et les bidons de 20 L). On note\n\u00e9galement la raret\u00e9 des outils d\u2019informations tels que le poste radio transistor, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable\nfaute de r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique dans une grande partie de la zone, ce qui contribue \u00e0 l\u2019isolement de la\npopulation.\n\nEn mati\u00e8re d\u2019approvisionnement d\u2019eau, les principales difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es par les m\u00e9nages sont\nles suivantes : i) le manque de point d\u2019eau (plus de 25 % ; ii) le manque de mat\u00e9riel de transport d\u2019eau\n(un peu plus de 20 %) ; iii) le non fonctionnement de certains\n\nd\u2019eau et la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019eau qui pr\u00e9sentent des pourcentages\ntournant autour de 10 % \u00e0 15 % constitue d\u2019autres difficult\u00e9s\nli\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable.\n\nConcernant les conditions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, dans l\u2019ensemble, plus de\nla moiti\u00e9 de la population (52,3 %) se soulagent dans les\nlatrines situ\u00e9es dans leur cour, 19,7% dans les latrines des\nvoisins et 28% la brousse et les champs. Cette situation est\nplus accentu\u00e9e chez le PDIs (31%) que chez les Non PDIs\n(22%).\n\n|Categories|Tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge|Actifs en
AGR (%)|\n|---|---|---|\n|**PDIs**|**10 \u00e0 14**
**15 \u00e0 17**
**18 \u00e0 60**|6,4
18,6
72,1|\n|**Non PDIs**|**10 \u00e0 14**
**15 \u00e0 17**
**18 \u00e0 60**|8,1
34,4
77,9|\n|**Total**|**10 \u00e0 14**
**15 \u00e0 17**
**18 \u00e0 60**|7,0
23,5
74,1|\n\n\n\n**3.2 Emploi :** Dans l\u2019ensemble des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s, la population de 18 \u00e0 60 ans est plus active en ce qui\nconcerne le travail, car on compte 74,1 % de cette population qui est active. Par contre, parmi ceux\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de 10 \u00e0 14 ans, on ne compte que 7 % de ceux qui poursuivent un travail. La proportion des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s\nsur les AGR commence \u00e0 devenir importante \u00e0 partir de l\u2019\u00e2ge de 15 ans. Pour cette \u00e9tude, 23,5 % des\nenfants de 15 \u00e0 17 ans sont actifs.\n\nEn faisant l\u2019\u00e9tude selon la cat\u00e9gorie de la population, la tendance semble identique \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble mais\navec un peu plus de pr\u00e9sence des Non PDIs que des PDIs notamment pour le groupe d\u2019\u00e2ge des 15 \u00e0\n17 ans, ce qui montre que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de d\u00e9 placement n\u2019affecte pas \u00e9norm\u00e9ment le\ncomportement les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques de cette population.\n\n**4. Cause de d\u00e9placement, volont\u00e9 de retour des PDIs vers leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence d\u2019origine et les**\n**raisons de leur s\u00e9dentarisation dans leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence actuelle** :\n\nConcernant les causes de d\u00e9placement du lieu de r\u00e9sidence habituel, 62% \u00e9voquent les repr\u00e9sailles\nou les attaques des forces non gouvernementales comme causes primaires.\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats montrent que ce sont les \u00e9v\u00e8nements de 2010 et 2011 qui ont provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\nde plusieurs personnes enqu\u00eat\u00e9es (40% en 2010 et 40% en 2011 jusqu\u2019en mai). Seulement 1,6% des\nenqu\u00eat\u00e9s ont quitt\u00e9 leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence habituelle pour venir directement trouver l\u2019asile dans le\nlieu de r\u00e9sidence actuelle. Quant aux autres (98,4%) ont d\u2019abord transit\u00e9 dans une autre localit\u00e9\navant de s\u2019installer dans la localit\u00e9 actuelle.\n\nPar mesure de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont partis loin de leur localit\u00e9 d\u2019origine. Pr\u00e8s de 33%\npassent toute une journ\u00e9e de marche pour atteindre leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence habituelle et moins de 8 %\n\u00e0 faire 1 heure de marche. Chez les femmes, la marche est comprise entre 1 et 3 heures (35,1 %) alors\nque les hommes font plus d\u2019une journ\u00e9e de marche.\n\nL\u2019\u00e9loignement des zones de turbulence varie d\u2019un axe \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Respectivement 55,6 %, 29,3 % et\n10,1 % des PDIs de Bamingui font plus d\u2019une journ\u00e9e de marche, 6 heures \u00e0 une journ\u00e9e de marche,\net entre 3 et 6 heures de marche alors que ceux de Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre en font 39,4 % d\u2019une \u00e0 3 heures, et\n21,1 % de 3 \u00e0 6 heures de marche.\n\nUne proportion tr\u00e8s significative de 78,9 %\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s interrog\u00e9s (84,2% chez les\nfemmes et 76,8% chez les hommes) ne\nveulent pas retourner dans leur ancienne\nlocalit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sidence. 45,5% de ces personnes\nont un plan pour aller ailleurs. Les raisons\n\nconflit/ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. M\u00eame parmi la population\nqui veut retourner, pr\u00e8s de 90% ne sont pas\nen mesure de pr\u00e9ciser quand ils/elles veulent\nle faire.\n\n|Col1|Col2|Intention de retour|\n|---|---|---|\n|||**Oui**|\n|**Axe**|**Bamingui**|10,0
32,3
**21,1**|\n|**Axe**|**Nd\u00e9l\u00e9\u00a0Centre**|**Nd\u00e9l\u00e9\u00a0Centre**|\n|**Axe**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Sexe**|**Homme**
**Femme**|23,2
15,8|\n|**Ensemble**|**Ensemble**|**21,1**|\n\n\n\nD\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ne sont pas retourn\u00e9s dans leur zone de r\u00e9sidence d\u2019avant la\ncrise pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de celle\u2010ci. C\u2019est le cas de plus de trois personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sur quatre.\nAussi, 80,7% des femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui ont refus\u00e9 de faire un tel voyage ne disposent pas assez\nd\u2019informations sur leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine contre 73% des hommes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\nConcernant les causes de d\u00e9placement du lieu de r\u00e9sidence habituel, 62% \u00e9voquent les repr\u00e9sailles\nou les attaques des forces non gouvernementales comme causes primaires.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5. Sant\u00e9** : Le paludisme, la fi\u00e8vre, la diarrh\u00e9e, les probl\u00e8mes pulmonaires et les autres types de\nmaladies, sont les maladies les plus fr\u00e9quemment cit\u00e9es par les individus. En cas de maladie d\u2019un\nmembre du m\u00e9nage, 41,7 % des membres affirment avoir re\u00e7u l\u2019aide du m\u00e9nage o\u00f9 ils se trouvent\napr\u00e8s la vente d\u2019un bien familial pour payer les frais et ordonnances m\u00e9dicaux.\n\nEn ce qui concerne les accouchements, une grande majorit\u00e9 (entre 66% et 80%) pour les PDIs et non\nPDIs \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre et sur l\u2019axe Bamingui ont utilis\u00e9 une structure sanitaire.\n\n**6. Education** : Le taux de scolarisation est similaire pour les PDIs et Non\n### PDIs, avec de fortes variances concernant l\u2019inscription des filles. Le taux Moins que de scolarisation des PDIs de 5 \u00e0 15 ans est de 49,4% (43,6% de gar\u00e7ons 50% des enfants\n\net 58,2% pour les filles). Celui des Non PDIs s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 48,2% (64,1% de\n#### gar\u00e7ons et 34,1% de filles). entre 5 et 15 ans ne fr\u00e9quentent Les principales raisons \u00e9voqu\u00e9es par les enqu\u00eat\u00e9s qui ne fr\u00e9quentent pas l\u2019\u00e9cole.\n\nplus l\u2019\u00e9cole sont le manque de moyens financiers ou le co\u00fbt tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9\ndes redevances scolaires (34,7 %), le d\u00e9sint\u00e9ressement vis\u2010\u00e0\u2010vis de\nl\u2019\u00e9cole (27,8%) et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 (11,1%).\n\nL\u2019enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le une haute proportion de d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat parmi le groupe d\u2019age 5\u20109 ans (14% sur\nBamingui et 25% sur Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre).\n\n**7. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et vivre** : Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9 que les aliments les plus couramment consomm\u00e9s par\nles m\u00e9nages sont le manioc, les l\u00e9gumes, le haricot et du poisson. Les PDIs et les Non PDIs ont relev\u00e9\nla difficult\u00e9 d\u2019avoir des semences avant les semis. Cette situation est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la faible production par\nm\u00e9nage, ce qui ne permet pas de d\u00e9gager une proportion qui servira de semence. Mais parmi les\nproduits poss\u00e9d\u00e9s en stock, le ma\u00efs et l\u2019arachide sont les plus cit\u00e9s (21,6% chacun Il est \u00e0 noter que\nseulement moins d\u2019un quart des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s ont eu des rations alimentaires lors de la derni\u00e8re\ndistribution qui remonte \u00e0 plus de trois mois (64,3%). On rel\u00e8ve de cette \u00e9tude que plus de la moiti\u00e9\ndes PDIs ne sont plus repartis cultiver dans leur ancien champ.\nLes principaux outils aratoires utilis\u00e9s sont : houes et la machette. Cependant, on rel\u00e8ve un manque\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 des outils comme le sceau, l\u2019arrosoir, la cha\u00eene d\u2019attelage et le r\u00e2teau.\n\nL\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 en brousse, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur\nles axes, la baisse de production agricole\nconstituent respectivement les\nprincipales raisons \u00e9voqu\u00e9es par les\nchefs de m\u00e9nage interrog\u00e9s concernant\nles difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nourriture. Le\nmanioc et l\u2019arachide sont les cultures les\nplus pratiqu\u00e9es (dont les proportions\nsont les plus hausses et sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0\n25%). On note \u00e9galement la culture du\nma\u00efs et de mil.\n\nL\u2019organisation en groupe pour cultiver\nest peu appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e par cette population (environ 75% des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s qui ont r\u00e9pondu non \u00e0 la question\nconcernant la culture de champ en groupe). Cependant les quelques 25 % qui ont pu s\u2019associer pour\ncultiver ont dans la plupart de cas cultiv\u00e9 plus d\u2019un hectare de champ. L\u2019autre aspect touchant la\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire est l\u2019\u00e9levage pratiqu\u00e9 par plus de la moiti\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s (53%) chez les\nNon PDIs et par 33% des PDIs. Les types d\u2019\u00e9levage les plus pratiqu\u00e9s sont la volaille et des caprins.\n\n**8. Acc\u00e8s aux champs** : Lors des crises militaro\u2010politiques dans la\n### 26% des Non pr\u00e9fecture de la Bamingui Bangoran, certains ont perdu leur champ et\n\nsurtout ceux qui ont quitt\u00e9 leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence habituel. Ainsi l\u2019\u00e9tude\n### PDIs n\u2019ont pas\nmontre que 57,5 % des PDIs ne cultivent pas dans le champ de leurs lieux\n#### acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs de r\u00e9sidence habituelle. Cependant, 26 % des Non PDIs, bien que n\u2019ayant anciens champs pas quitt\u00e9s leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence habituelle, n\u2019ont plus acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs\n\nanciens champs \u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n**9. S\u00e9curit\u00e9, protection et la perte en vie humaine :** Parmi les m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s lors du profilage,\n20% d\u2019entre eux affirment avoir perdu leurs plus proches parents lors de 6 derniers mois qui\npr\u00e9c\u00e8dent l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Cette proportion est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e chez les PDIs que chez les Non PDIs. Sont\nd\u00e9nombr\u00e9s pr\u00e8s d\u2019un quart des m\u00e9nages PDIs qui ont perdu un de leurs proches parents alors que les\nNon PDIs ne sont qu\u2019\u00e0 15 %. Les personnes ayant perdu la vie lors de ces \u00e9v\u00e8nements sont \u00e2g\u00e9es\npour la plus part entre 2 et 4 ans (14,9%), entre 18 et 25 ans (13,5%), entre 26 et 43 ans (25,7%) et\nplus de 44 ans (28,4%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Cat\u00e9gorie|Col4|Ensemble|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||**PDIs**|**Non\u00a0PDIs**|**Non\u00a0PDIs**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Maladie**|27,3
49,1
3,6
0,0
1,8
0,0
3,6
1,8
1,8
9,1
1,8|31,3
31,3
0,0
12,5
0,0
12,5
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
12,5|**28,2**
**45,1**
**2,8**
**2,8**
**1,4**
**2,8**
**2,8**
**1,4**
**1,4**
**7,0**
**4,2**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0par\u00a0forces\u00a0ou\u00a0groupes\u00a0arm\u00e9s**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0par\u00a0forces\u00a0ou\u00a0groupes\u00a0arm\u00e9s**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0par\u00a0forces\u00a0ou\u00a0groupes\u00a0arm\u00e9s**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0par\u00a0forces\u00a0ou\u00a0groupes\u00a0arm\u00e9s**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0lie\u00a0au\u00a0conflit\u00a0interethnique**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0lie\u00a0au\u00a0conflit\u00a0interethnique**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0lie\u00a0au\u00a0conflit\u00a0interethnique**|**Abus\u00a0physique\u00a0lie\u00a0au\u00a0conflit\u00a0interethnique**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0violence\u00a0familiale**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0violence\u00a0familiale**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0violence\u00a0familiale**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0violence\u00a0familiale**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0la\u00a0transhumance**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0la\u00a0transhumance**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0la\u00a0transhumance**|**Abus\u00a0Physique\u00a0lie\u00a0a\u00a0la\u00a0transhumance**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Accusation\u00a0de\u00a0sorcellerie**|**Accusation\u00a0de\u00a0sorcellerie**|**Accusation\u00a0de\u00a0sorcellerie**|**Accusation\u00a0de\u00a0sorcellerie**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Accident\u00a0de\u00a0route**|**Accident\u00a0de\u00a0route**|**Accident\u00a0de\u00a0route**|**Accident\u00a0de\u00a0route**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Picture\u00a0de\u00a0serpent**|**Picture\u00a0de\u00a0serpent**|**Picture\u00a0de\u00a0serpent**|**Picture\u00a0de\u00a0serpent**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Manque\u00a0de\u00a0nourriture**|**Manque\u00a0de\u00a0nourriture**|**Manque\u00a0de\u00a0nourriture**|**Manque\u00a0de\u00a0nourriture**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**D\u00e9c\u00e8s\u00a0durant\u00a0l'accouchement**|**D\u00e9c\u00e8s\u00a0durant\u00a0l'accouchement**|**D\u00e9c\u00e8s\u00a0durant\u00a0l'accouchement**|**D\u00e9c\u00e8s\u00a0durant\u00a0l'accouchement**|\n|**Raisons**
**du\u00a0d\u00e9c\u00e8s**|**Mort\u00a0naturelle**|**Mort\u00a0naturelle**|**Mort\u00a0naturelle**|**Mort\u00a0naturelle**|\n|**Total**|**Total**|**100,0**|**100,0**|**100,0**|\n\n\nLes causes du d\u00e9c\u00e8s principales \u00e9nonc\u00e9es par ces m\u00e9nages sont les exactions des forces et groupes\narm\u00e9s (45,1%), la maladie (28,2 % dont 31,3 % chez les Non PDIs et 27,3 chez les PDIs). Ces\ndiff\u00e9rentes causes font cr\u00e9er un climat de m\u00e9fiance vis\u2010\u00e0\u2010vis de la situation s\u00e9curitaire. En effet,\n27,7% (la plus forte proportion) avouent qu\u2019ils ne se sentent pas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n#### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\nComme le profilage lui\u2010m\u00eame, les recommandations suivantes n\u2019adressent pas toute la Bamingui\nBangoran, mais focalisent exclusivement sur la zone de profilage \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Pr\u00e9fecture de\nBamingui Bangoran, \u00e0 savoir Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre (Dar\u2010el\u2010Kouti) et l\u2019axe Bamingui. Au\u2010del\u00e0, la pr\u00e9fecture\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dispose de cinq axes majeurs suppl\u00e9mentaires (Ngarba, Miamani, Kpata, Manovo et Birao).\nComme la zone couverte par le profilage \u00e9tait restreinte pour des raisons d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les\nbesoins des populations (PDI et Non PDI) vivant dans ces autres axes peuvent donc \u00eatre bien\ndiff\u00e9rents.\n\n#### **Recommandations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales**\n\n\n**1.** Compte tenu de la similarit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des conditions de vie de PDIs et Non PDIs\ndans la plupart de secteurs, il est important pour l\u2019assistance humanitaire \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre\net l\u2019axe Bamingui d\u2019impliquer toutes les deux populations dans les programmes de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, nutrition, rel\u00e8vement pr\u00e9coce, WASH, protection, \u00e9ducation et tout\nautre programme humanitaire, notamment pour ne pas provoquer une coupure du tissu\nfamilial ou une rupture d\u2019une coh\u00e9sion sociale d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragile et tenir compte l\u2019impact du\nconflit sur les Non PDIs.\n\n\n**2.** Cependant, comme ce profilage a relev\u00e9 des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de PDI dans les\ndomaines le domaine de WASH, il est recommand\u00e9 pour les sp\u00e9cialistes pr\u00e9sentes dans\nla zone d\u2019approfondir l\u2019\u00e9tude des donn\u00e9es de ce profilage et de d\u00e9velopper des\nprogrammes (cf. recommandations ci\u2010dessous concernant le secteur conditions de vie).\n\n#### **Recommandations sp\u00e9cifiques**\n\n\n**Caract\u00e9ristiques de la population et des m\u00e9nages**\n\n**1.** Comme des liens de parent\u00e9 constituent une caract\u00e9ristique des m\u00e9nages regroupant PDIs\net Non PDIs, toute assistance en faveur de solutions durables devrait tenir compte et renforcer\nces liens constituant des m\u00e9canismes importants de gestion de situations difficiles.\n\n**2.** Comme les groupes ethniques en tension Goula et Rounga ne constituent qu\u2019une petite\nminorit\u00e9 (8% de PDIs) dans la zone couverte, il sera important de rechercher une issue d\u00e9finitive\ndu conflit en engageant toute la panoplie de communaut\u00e9s dans des n\u00e9gociations au niveau\nmacro.\n\n**3.** Compte tenu du fait que l\u2019accueil de plus de 93,3% de PDIs est d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la\nstructure familiale et que 67,8% de Non PDIs ont une mauvaise image des PDIs, il sera important\nde promouvoir la coexistence pacifique entre PDIs et Non PDIs \u00e0 travers d\u2019activit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion\nsociale.\n\n**4.** Le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de mariages pr\u00e9coces (5.5% des gar\u00e7ons et filles de 12 a 14 ans et 30,8% de\nfilles de 15 a 17 ans) requiert des sensibilisations cibl\u00e9es pour les acteurs de protection aupr\u00e8s\ndes familles et les \u00e9coles.\n\n**Conditions de vie**\n\n**1.** De par le fait que l\u2019agriculture constitue l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique principale et qu\u2019uniquement\n25% de chefs de m\u00e9nage sont organis\u00e9s en groupement agricole, il existe un potentiel\nconsid\u00e9rable de d\u00e9velopper les groupements \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre et surtout sur l\u2019axe Bamingui, o\u00f9\nuniquement 16,0% des PDI et 21,0% de Non PDI font partie d\u2019une telle structure.\n\n\n#### **Recommandations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales**\n\n\n\n**1.** Compte tenu de la similarit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des conditions de vie de PDIs et Non PDIs\ndans la plupart de secteurs, il est important pour l\u2019assistance humanitaire \u00e0 Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre\net l\u2019axe Bamingui d\u2019impliquer toutes les deux populations dans les programmes de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, nutrition, rel\u00e8vement pr\u00e9coce, WASH, protection, \u00e9ducation et tout\nautre programme humanitaire, notamment pour ne pas provoquer une coupure du tissu\nfamilial ou une rupture d\u2019une coh\u00e9sion sociale d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragile et tenir compte l\u2019impact du\nconflit sur les Non PDIs.\n\n\n**2.** Cependant, comme ce profilage a relev\u00e9 des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de PDI dans les\ndomaines le domaine de WASH, il est recommand\u00e9 pour les sp\u00e9cialistes pr\u00e9sentes dans\nla zone d\u2019approfondir l\u2019\u00e9tude des donn\u00e9es de ce profilage et de d\u00e9velopper des\nprogrammes (cf. recommandations ci\u2010dessous concernant le secteur conditions de vie).\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** Le fait que 23,7% de PDIs se consid\u00e8rent comme des r\u00e9sidents permanents d\u00e9montre que\ncette partie a fait un choix de solution possible de rester dans la communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil.\n\n**3.** Comme la majorit\u00e9 de PDIs sont log\u00e9s dans des maisons d\u2019accueil, l\u2019assistance aux PDIs doit\naussi prendre en compte les besoins de tout le m\u00e9nage d\u2019accueil composant de PDIs et Non PDI.\n\n**4.** Etant donn\u00e9 que 38,7% et 50,7% des populations de Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 Centre et de l\u2019axe Bamingui sont\noblig\u00e9es de marcher plus d\u2019une heure pour rechercher de l\u2019eau, respectivement, il convient de\ntrouver une solution \u00e0 cette situation difficile.\n\n**5.** Le d\u00e9placement ayant un impact sur la situation hygi\u00e9nique des PDI, il s\u2019agit d\u2019identifier des\nprogrammes WASH pour r\u00e9duire le chiffre de 31% de d\u00e9f\u00e9cation en brousse parmi cette\npopulation.\n\n**6.** En faisant l\u2019\u00e9tude selon la cat\u00e9gorie de la population, la tendance semble identique\nconcernant l\u2019AGR. Il est vivement recommand\u00e9 d\u2019adresser le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de travail d\u2019enfants de\n7% pour les 10\u201014 ans et de 23,5% pour les 15 \u00e0 17 ans.\n\n**Causes de d\u00e9placement, volont\u00e9 de retour des PDIs vers leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence d\u2019origine et**\n**les raisons de leur s\u00e9dentarisation dans leur lieu de r\u00e9sidence actuelle**\n\n**1.** Comme 78,9% de PDIs ne veulent pas retourner, cette d\u00e9cision doit \u00eatre respect\u00e9e et aucun\nprogramme de retour ne devrait \u00eatre planifi\u00e9 pour le moment.\n\n**2.** En tenant compte de 23,7% de PDIs en r\u00e9sidence permanents, 78,9% sans volont\u00e9 de\nretourner et de ce dernier groupe 45% ayant un plan d\u2019aller ailleurs, toute identification de\nsolution durable doit prendre en consid\u00e9ration les options, int\u00e9gration locale, relocalisation et\nretour.\n\n**Education**\n\nCompte tenu du faible niveau de scolarisation des 5 \u00e0 15 ans (en moyenne de moins de 50%) et\nune forte proportion de parents d\u2019enfants non\u2010scolaris\u00e9s qui ne voient pas l\u2019utilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9cole, des\nactivit\u00e9s visant une augmentation du taux d\u2019inscription et de la qualit\u00e9 de scolarit\u00e9 sont\nrecommand\u00e9es.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e269b0c-21a9-3f32-971c-1b4895255136/Full_Docu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_403/raw/doc_403_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_403/raw/doc_403_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ed03a39294234e939264c5b17e9d894c10e94bfe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_403/raw/doc_403_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 227**\n\n# **Mobilizing for refugee protection:** **reflections on the 60 [th] anniversary of** **UNHCR and the 1951 Refugee Convention**\n\n**Luise Druke**\n\nVisiting Scholar\nHarvard Law School (IGLP)\n\ne-mail: luise.druke@post.harvard.edu\n\nDecember 2011\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as external\nresearchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do\nnot represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under \u2018publications\u2019 at\n.\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nAt the 60 [th] Anniversary of the UNHCR, many of us who have been involved in\nrefugee protection are taking stock. This paper is not meant to be an exhaustive\naccount on any particular geopolitical and functional refugee protection issue. Rather,\nit intends to briefly to look back at the last 60 years and recall some of UNHCR\u2019s\nchallenges and accomplishments and to identify current and future challenges, mainly\ndrawn from selected official speeches and documents as well from leading\nresearchers.\n\nRecords and experience shows that refugees have been (and since September 11, 2011\nare) increasingly framed as security issues. Therefore, policies and approaches that\nattempt to meet refugee protection needs while simultaneously addressing both\nhumanitarian and security interests give UNHCR a chance to lead, to persuade, and to\ndeliver protection. UNHCR\u2019s experience shows that challenges to the humanitarian\nspace and protection issues cannot be addressed merely by the assertion of principles\nor by working only with traditional actors and approaches. Instead, all political,\nintercultural, and security actors and communities have roles to play in preventing and\nsolving refugee crises.\n\n**UNHCR and the 1951 Convention at 60**\n\n\nOn the 14 December 2010, UNHCR turned 60. For an individual, it is not always easy\nto reconcile the wisdom of experience with the vitality of youth. For an organization,\nit can be exactly the same. \u201cAt 60, I hope we have achieved the wisdom expected of\nus. I can assure you we have lost none of our vitality.\u201d [1]\n\n\nThe 60 [th] commemorations are of particular importance because of the high\nexpectations attached to them. In December 1950, UNHCR was created with a\nmandate that at the time was perhaps not fully appreciated. \u201cIn this year when, at 60,\nit might be thought that the organization starts to face an existential crisis borne of old\nage, UNHCR staff continue on standby, ready with energy, ambition, and the\ncapability to bring about transformative change. On 28 July 2011, the 1951\nConvention turned 60. The Ministerial Conference in December 2011 \u201coffers a\nwelcome opportunity to make commitments in order to support UNHCR and its\nmandate to continue being the difference between life and death, danger and risk,\ndesperation and solutions for millions!\u201d [2]\n\n\nThe High Commissioner warned of growing gaps in the global protection framework\nfor the world's millions of forcibly displaced and stateless people, and appealed to the\ninternational community to respond. He said the certainties of the post-World War II\nand Cold War periods were no longer sufficient to ensure that everyone needing\ninternational protection in fact receives it. He emphasized that today's challenges are\n\n\n1 Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, _Opening Statement to the 61st_\n_Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme (ExCom),_ Geneva, 4\nOctober 2010.\n2 Erika Feller, Assistant High Commissioner \u2013 Protection, UNHCR, RULE OF LAW 60 YEARS ON,\nat the Sixty-first Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Program, 6 Oct.\n2010, Agenda item 5(a), 2010 http://www.unhcr.org/4cac7f2f9.html, accessed on 10 March 2011.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "interconnected and complex; population growth, urbanization, climate change, water\nscarcity, and food and energy insecurity exacerbate conflicts in many ways that oblige\npeople to flee their countries. All these conditions demand that particular attention in\nthe coming year and beyond is paid to:\n\n\n - addressing \u2018protection gaps\u2019 in the international system for protecting\ndisplaced people,\n\n\n - balancing disproportionate burden of responsibility for refugees that falls\nheavily on poor countries; and,\n\n\n - tackling statelessness, a condition that many states fail to address, despite\nit being a scourge depriving millions of people around the world of\nnationalities and other human rights.\n\n\nThe High Commissioner said that these protection gaps stem from inadequate\nimplementation of existing treaties, insufficient accessions to relevant instruments,\nand holes in the international protection framework. He also pointed to the need for\naction on an expanding list of displacement problems for which no agreed\ninternational solutions currently exist, including natural disasters, climate change,\neconomic and other man-made calamities, gang violence, and vulnerability arising\nfrom the uncertainty of post-conflict situations.\n\n\nBurden-sharing is needed; something of a \u2018new deal\u2019 should be geared towards\nensuring that frontline countries of asylum are not left alone in dealing with\ndisplacement from neighboring states. Currently, developing nations host around 80\npercent of the world's refugees. Models for improved burden-sharing already existed,\nsuch as regional efforts in Latin America and Asia, including South America's\n\u2018solidarity cities\u2019 initiative that promotes self-sufficiency among refugees, its \u2018borders\nof solidarity\u2019 initiative that is designed to ensure that mass influx situations are not\ndamaging to the interests of the host population, and, in Asia, the Bali process that\npromotes a broad-based approach to complex population and refugee movements.\n\n\n**Mobilizing fresh impetus for refugee protection**\n\n\nThe basics of the international protection regime should be reaffirmed, while\nsimultaneously evolving its principles and practice to better suit the new world order.\nThere is a high probability that patterns of displacement will be increasingly impacted\nby environmental factors with conflict, extreme deprivation and climate change\ntending to act more in combination. There is a legal vacuum when it comes to the\nplight of populations whose states are engulfed physically and disappear, the so-called\n\u2018sinking islands\u2019 phenomenon. The natural disaster victims who are displaced\nexternally will also confront an uncertain legal situation. Such issues need to find a\nplace on the 60th anniversary commemorations agenda. To sum up, these are the key\nelements highlighted on the eve of the 60 [th] anniversary preparations:\n\n - protection and solutions development: progress and setbacks thereof;\n\n\n - the continuing relevance of the protection framework: areas for further\ndevelopment;\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - state responsibility for protection: UNHCR\u2019s protection delivery/guidance and\nadvice;\n\n\n - the problem of mixed flows and secondary movements; and\n\n\n - new challenges ahead, including regionalization of protection and\nenvironmentally driven displacement.\n\n\nThe 1945 United Nations Charter stipulates that the principles of sovereignty,\nindependence, and non-interference within the reserved domain of domestic\njurisdiction are fundamental to the success of the Organization (Article 2 of the\nCharter of the United Nations). In December 1948, the General Assembly adopted the\nUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, article 14, paragraph 1, which recognizes\nthat, \u201cEveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from\npersecution.\u201d With this article, the individual as subject and beneficiary of human\nrights in international law started to be seen as the beneficiary. These factors are\nimportant to an understanding of both the manner in which the 1951 Convention is\ndrafted (that is, initially and primarily as an agreement between States as to how they\nwill treat refugees), and the essentially _reactive_ nature of the international regime of\nrefugee protection.\n\n\nThe Statute of UNHCR adopted by the UN General Assembly through Resolution 428\n(V) on 14 December 1950 reflects the self-interest of the more powerful states such as\nthe USA and the UK that UNHCR was to serve only specific functions with a clear\nbut narrowly defined mandate: \u201cto protect refugees and to find solutions to their\nproblems.\u201d This mandate was to be carried out with only minimal operational support\nfrom voluntary sources, which has hampered its work during these past 60 years.\n\n\nThe formulation and further developments of legal standards \u2013 and efforts to ensure\nthat they are effectively implemented \u2013 are defined in a series of international\ninstruments (e.g., conventions, resolutions, recommendations, etc.), adopted at the\nuniversal level under the United Nations, or within the framework of regional\norganizations such as the Council of Europe, the Organization of African Unity, and\nthe Organization of American States. In order to ensure their more effective\nimplementation, many of these standards have been incorporated into the national law\nof a growing number of countries.\n\n\nPaul Weis noted regarding the _Travaux pr\u00e9paratoires_ of the 1951 Refugee\nConvention, that the establishment of the principle that the refugee problem was a\nmatter of concern and solidarity of the whole international community. The\ninternational cooperation and burden-sharing has been one of the most important\nhumanitarian achievements of the 20th century. As is well known, before the birth of\nUNHCR and of the 1951 Convention, and as the raging WWII had displaced tens of\nmillions of people, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF)\nconsidered their presence a serious problem in Western Europe and proceeded with\nthe return to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union of refugees and displaced persons.\nSHAEF ignored the people when they resisted as a result of the fear of persecution by\nthe Communist authorities.\n\n\nLater in 1943, the Allied Powers set up the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation\nAgency (UNRRA), an intergovernmental body to take charge of this function and\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "play an active role in the large-scale (controversial) forcible repatriation. Seventy\npercent of the funds for this body came from the USA and American nationals\noccupied most of its senior posts. In light of dramatic suicides in camps of displaced\npersons, the mass repatriations were finally stopped by the end of 1946, and UNRRA\nwas replaced \u2013 despite strong opposition from the Soviet Union \u2013 by the International\nRefugee Organization (IRO) with the understanding that states recognized the right of\nthe refugees not to be repatriated against their will.\n\n\nFor the first time, states adopted a definition of a refugee based on individual\n\u201cpersecution or fear of persecution\u201d on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, or\npolitical opinion. Western states termed \u2018refugee\u2019 in accordance with the\ncircumstances of the individual rather than simply his/her membership in a particular\ngroup, thus accepting the individual\u2019s right to flee from persecution. This signified a\nfundamental shift in refugee protection and reflected the spirit of Article 14 of the\nUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy\nin other countries asylum from persecution). As a result of the Holocaust in Europe\nduring WWII and during the early Cold War, large numbers of refugees fled\nCommunist countries seeking protection in Western Europe.\n\n\nWhen the war ended in 1945, when despair was gradually being replaced by hope for\nthe future, the United Nations Charter was adopted in 24 October 1945, which created\nthe United Nations, an organization that was tasked with the objectives of maintaining\ninternational peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations based on\nthe principle of equal rights and self-determination, and enhancing international\ncooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.\n\n\nThe IRO set up by the United Nations with a limited period of time organized the\nresettlement of more than 1.5 million refugees in new host countries, often overseas,\nbut could not solve all the refugee problems of the post WWII period. Intended to\nresettle the \u2018left-over refugees\u2019 post WWII, the UN General Assembly set up the\nOffice of UNHCR on December 14, 1950 to help displaced East Europeans and to\nofficially replace the IRO.\n\n\nThe first High Commissioner Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (1951-1956) received a\nminimalist mandate as set out in the Statute annexed to resolution 428 (V), which was\nto provide \u201cinternational protection\u201d to refugees and, by assisting governments, to\nseek \u201cpermanent solutions for the problem of refugees.\u201d The General Assembly\nrequested \u201cthe Secretary-General to transmit that resolution, together with the annex\nattached thereto, also to States non-members of the United Nations, with a view to\nobtaining their co-operation in its implementation,\u201d providing a legal reference for\nrefugee protection even in states not members of the United Nations. UNHCR faced\nserious obstacles to fulfilling its mandate.\n\n\nStates were determined to limit UNHCR\u2019s functions by providing very little funding\nto UNHCR in the early days. The United States did not want the Office to carry out\nany relief, and thus did not provide any funding to UNHCR until 1955, limiting\nUNHCR to the sole function of international legal protection. Instead the United\nStates generously funded rival humanitarian agencies, such as its own refugee office,\nthe US Escapee Program, which was linked to American foreign policy interests.\nHowever, the High Commissioner had under his mandate then some 400 000\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "displaced persons in Europe, which led him to appeal to the UN General Assembly\nearly on in his term. He indicated that there was an urgent need to solve the serious\nsituation of these displaced persons who were unwanted and \u2018warehoused\u2019 in camps\nthroughout Europe still several years after the end of WWII.\n\n\nNot willing to \u2018administer misery\u2019 and despite the opposition of the USA, UNHCR\nsoon started to exercise its own (fundraising) autonomy \u2014 contrary to what states had\nintended it to do. High Commissioner Goedhart broadened the scope of the Office by\nobtaining the capacity to independently raise funds and by taking on material\nassistance responsibilities. In 1952, with a grant from the Ford Foundation, UNHCR\nbegan for the first time to provide assistance to NGOs in order to promote the\nintegration of refugees in the Western European region.\n\n\nThus, UNHCR was able to take the lead in the refugee crisis in West Berlin in 1953.\nwhich demonstrated UNHCR\u2019s usefulness to the major powers and raised its\ninternational profile \u2014 eventually leading to the US softening its position towards\nUNHCR. These difficult advances provided the foundation for the establishment of a\nUNHCR program for solutions and emergency assistance.\n\n\nThe first time UNHCR was called upon to help in a massive refugee emergency was\nin 1956. The invasion of Hungary by the Soviet Army produced a mass exodus of 200\n000 refugees into Austria and Yugoslavia, upon which Austria requested UNHCR to\nappeal to governments on its behalf for assistance. UNHCR, through its\nrepresentatives on the spot in these two countries, immediately mobilized for\nemergency protection and assistance through setting up and chairing local\nintergovernmental agency organizations and NGOs. This showed that UNHCR was\nthe only agency capable of coordinating both international refugee relief and the\ncollection of funds for emergency material support.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s early efforts led the UN General Assembly to designate UNHCR as the\n\u2018lead agency\u2019 for directing the international emergency operation for Hungarian\nrefugees in 1956. As a result of its success in handling the Hungarian refugee\nemergency, UNHCR eventually won the confidence of the USA, who eventually\nbecame its principal donor country.\n\n\n**Relevance for years to come**\n\n\nUNHCR, basically by its own initiatives, grew from a strictly non-operational agency\nwith no authority to seek funds for its operational work to an institution that raised\nand administrated three billion dollars at its 60 [th] anniversary. The world is far more\ncomplicated now than when the UNHCR was created 60 years ago. Wars between\nnations have largely given way to civil conflicts. This change is reflected in the\nnumbers. Sixty years ago, UNHCR had 30 staff members and a budget of $300,000\nfor mainly administrative running costs. Six decades later in 2011, UNHCR has a staff\nof 7,000 and a budget of more than $3 billion a year mainly from voluntary\ncontributions, operates in 120 countries, and assists over 30 million refugees.\n\n\nToday, humanitarian workers face many challenges and dangers. Deputy High\nCommissioner Alexander Aleinikoff says rebel groups often do not respect the\nneutrality and humanitarian nature of their work. He says UNHCR aid workers have\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "been kidnapped and even murdered in the line of duty. \"So, in that way, we are\nbecoming\u2026more focused on the safety of our workers. But, more importantly, or as\nimportant, is our ability to have access to the people we want to help, to people of\nconcern to UNHCR.\n\n\nAs humanitarian space shrinks, our ability to do our work shrinks with it,\" said\nAleinikoff. [3] The principles of protection and asylum are under increasing threat today.\nMore and more industrialized countries are putting up barriers to asylum, often\nturning away people in genuine need of international protection. The UNHCR says\nthis violates its essential creed. It was created to safeguard the rights of people fleeing\nfrom persecution and abuse. But that is becoming ever more difficult to do as new\nchallenges appear and people flee for different reasons\u2014and UNHCR\u2019s Mandate was\nfinally extended by the General Assembly \u201c\u2026until the refugee problem is solved\u201d\n(resolution 58/153 of 22 December 2003, paragraph 9).\n\n\nUNHCR was more and more called upon in the 1960s, during the decolonization of\nAfrica that produced the first of that continent's numerous refugee crises needing\nUNHCR intervention. Over the following decades, UNHCR responded to assist with\nforced displacement situations in Asia and Latin America, in the enlarging Europe\nwith wars in the Balkans, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. With the start of\nthe 21st century, further major refugee emergencies in Africa, such as the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo and Somalia, and Asia, especially the 30-year-old Afghan\nrefugee problem with an increasing need for assistance to persons internally displaced\nby conflict and stateless persons.\n\n\nIn 1962, the first of UNHCR\u2019s larger-scale repatriations occurred with the return of\nsome 250,000 Algerians, who had fled to Morocco and Tunisia during the strife in\ntheir country. In 1972, some 10 million refugees returned home to their newly\nindependent state, Bangladesh, after months in relief camps in India. In the same year,\n150,000 Sudanese refugees returned home from four adjoining countries. In 1973,\nUNHCR was instrumental in organizing a two-way movement of large numbers of\npeople between Bangladesh and Pakistan\u2014one of history's largest airlift population\nexchanges. In 1974, territories in Africa formerly under Portuguese administration\ngained independence, and in 1975, the General Assembly requested the High\nCommissioner to assist refugees to return to their homes in Guinea-Bissau,\nMozambique, and Angola.\n\n\nIn 1978, following an agreement between the two countries, UNHCR was asked to\nfacilitate the repatriation and initial rehabilitation in their country of origin of 200,000\npeople from Burma who had taken refuge in Bangladesh. The repatriation of 150,000\nZairian refugees living in Angola also commenced in 1978. In 1979, UNHCR started\nto assist in the return of some 50,000 Angolans in Zaire and of about 100,000 refugees\nfrom Nicaragua who had been living in Costa Rica and Honduras. In 1979 and 1980,\nrefugees returned to Equatorial Guinea, Kampuchea and Uganda and 650,000\nrefugees and internally displaced persons returned to their independent Zimbabwe.\n\n\n3 Alexander Aleinikoff, UN Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Celebrates 60th\nAnniversary, by Lisa Schlein, 13 December 2011, Geneva.\nhttp://www.voanews.com/english/news/UNHCR-Celebrates-60th-Anniversary-111789224.html.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Whenever refugees cannot return freely to their own countries or stay in the country\nof first asylum, UNHCR has a role to play in resettling them in third countries. This\naction is often difficult because it, in some respects, consolidates the refugees\u2019\nuprooting. In September 1973, as a result of the putsch in Chile, UNHCR was charged\nwith an urgent resettlement operation for more than 25 000 refugees. After the Fall of\nSaigon in April 1975, a new drama requiring speedy solutions unfolded in South East\nAsia, when again the international community rose to the occasion, resettling nearly\n1.5 million Indo-Chinese refugees\u2014including hundreds of thousand \u2018boat people\u2019 in\nthe years to come.\n\n\nUNHCR operations in the post-Cold War era, which Sadako Ogata reflects on in her\nexperience of a turbulent decade as High Commissioner for Refugee Refugees [4],\ninclude the Kurdish refugees crisis, protecting refugees and IDP in the Balkan Wars,\nthe crises in the Great lakes Region of Africa, and the Afghan refugees and\nhumanitarian action in war and peace.\n\n\nThe 1990s was also the \u2018decade of repatriation,\u2019 starting with the UN-brokered peace\nsettlement in Namibia, which enabled more than 42 000 Namibians to return and\nbuild their own state. Following years of famine and war, some one million refugees\nreturned to Ethiopia and Eritrea after the governmental change in Addis Ababa in\n1991. During 1992 and 1993, 340 000 Cambodians returned to their homes from\nrefugee camps in Thailand. Between 1992 and 1996, about 1.7 million Mozambican\nrefugees were able to return from six neighboring countries. Despite ongoing conflict\nin Afghanistan, more than 2.7 million Afghans returned home from Pakistan and Iran.\nThat makes an estimated total of more than 9 million refugees repatriated between\n1992 and 1996.\n\n\nThe pro-active policy on repatriation involved UNHCR\u2019s actions within the countries\nof origin, acting as it had been in the preceding decade while helping the return of\nChileans during the last years of the Pinochet regime In all these efforts, the question\nof \u2018safe\u2019 return had been eminent, as returnees could trust less and less that they\nwould be granted safety and dignity in their home countries. [5] Emergence of new\nconflicts within countries and across regions produced serious challenges to safe\nreturns.\n\n\nThe decade between 2000 and 2010 has seen myriad challenges, some of which\ninclude r _efoulement_ incidents of high visibility in a number of regions of the world.\nSexual violence and abuse is almost too commonplace. Estimates indicate that 12\nmillion people around the world are stateless, which means, in practice, a daily\nstruggle for legitimacy, for a legal residence, for work, and for access medical\nassistance and education for their children.\n\n\nIn some countries, asylum systems are allowed intentionally to decline. There have\nbeen appalling incidents of migrant kidnappings for the purpose of extortion,\naccompanied by serious human rights abuses, notably rape, torture, and murder.\nUrban refugees and asylum-seekers face a growing protection challenge as their\n\n\n4 Sadako Ogato, The Turbulent Decade, Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s, Norton &\nCompany, 2005.\n5 This section draws substantially from Guy Goodwin-Gill\u2019s Lecture in the UN Audio Visual Library\nof International Law, see: http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/prsr/prsr.html, accessed on 10 March 2011.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "numbers increase. Programs to secure protection, health, housing, and education are\ncostly and not always supported, and resettlement and repatriation remain realistic\nsolutions for very few. Many urban refugees are dependent on UNHCR for financial,\npsychosocial, and protection support, but the needs far outstrip the possibilities.\n\n\nMany asylum systems are not \u2018child-friendly;\u2019 they often take no account of the\nspecial circumstances of child applicants, and legitimate the automatic repatriation of\nchildren, without resort to established protection, such as best interests of the child\ndeterminations. Detention of asylum-seekers continues to create great individual\nhardship in many countries around the world. The duration of procedures can be\nunduly long, the conditions unjustifiably harsh, and the possibilities for legal\noversight or review very limited. It has reached the point in some countries where\nthere are actually more due process safeguards regulating detention of criminals than\nof asylum-seekers.\n\n\nPhysical insecurity, legal insecurity, socio-economic insecurity, and environmental\ninsecurity are all regrettably quite commonplace. This is the background for the 60th\nanniversary commemorations, with their focus on strengthening the existing\nprotection framework, promoting a new protection dynamic, mobilizing support for\nstateless people, and reducing statelessness, as well as building solidarity with\nforcibly displaced and stateless persons.\n\n\nHandling internally displaced persons (IDP) and CLUSTER arrangements continue to\npose major challenges. Violence tends to disproportionately impact the more\nvulnerable, with women, girls, and boys exposed to extreme forms of rape and\nkillings. UN Security Resolution 1325 is yet to be implemented more fully. UNHCR\nfor its part is making a determined effort to respond with sexual and gender based\nviolence (SGBV) standard operating procedures now in place in over 90 percent of\ncamps and multiplying when it comes to urban locations as well.\n\n\nThe interests and well-beings of refugee women and girls are important, and will have\na prominent place during the 60 [th] anniversary commemorations. These issues are a\nparticular priority for the IDP protection cluster, which UNHCR leads globally. The\ncluster arrangements have made it easier to identify where there are gaps, notably\nwhen it comes to the protection of women and children in the overall humanitarian\nresponse. Working in coordination has reduced the unnecessary duplication of efforts,\nhas encouraged more harmonized standards of protection and assistance delivery, and\nhas enabled stronger advocacy.\n\n\nDespite these improvements, the Audit report on IDPs recognized that there are still\nshortcomings with the cluster approach. Participatory approaches to programming are\nintegrating only slowly, and the heavy process orientation can be at the expense of\nconcrete outcomes. Overall, it remains perhaps too internationally focused, with local\nactors and national capacities insufficiently developed. This does not always\nencourage the necessary government buy-in and ownership.\n\n\nThe situation of refugees from Palestine is also a difficult one in addition to serious\nprotection and assistance gaps of millions of Internally Displaced Persons IDPs. The\nUnited Nations response to their plight in the late 1940s had a profound impact on the\ndrafting of the UNHCR Statute and the 1951 Convention relating to the status of\nrefugees. Provisions were included in these instruments to exclude Palestinian\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees from their scope as long as they were receiving protection and assistance.\nThese provisions have proved ambiguous and have been subject to varying\ninterpretations. For the most part, this has resulted in Palestinian refugees receiving\nweaker protection than other refugees.\n\n\nWhile UNHCR has a mandate for Palestinian refugees who are outside of United\nNations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East\n(UNRWA\u2019s) areas of operations, it has faced a number of challenges in extending this\nmandate. These include ensuring a proper interpretation by States of Article 1d of the\n1951 Convention, and bettering standards of treatment and protection for Palestinian\nrefugees in Arab states.\n\n\nUNHCR and UNRWA are closely cooperating to address the protection challenges\nfaced by Palestinian refugees under their mandates. In line with UNHCR\u2019s revised\nnote of October 2009 on the Applicability of Article 1d of the 1951 Convention to\nPalestinian Refugees under the care and support of UNRWA (namely, that they fall\noutside the Convention\u2019s frame and UNHCR\u2019s responsibilities), UNHCR continues to\nprovide protection to the Palestinian refugees residing _outside_ UNRWA areas of\noperation on a case-by-case basis. This applies, for example, to Palestinian refugees\npreviously residing in Iraq.\n\n\nSecondary movements and regional protection continue to be serious challenges for\nasylum systems of undocumented migrants in irregular secondary movements\nexacerbated by boat arrivals. After the case of the Vietnamese boat people in the\nSouth China Sea in the last decades of the past century, the Pacific, the\nMediterranean, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Aden have all become areas with \u2018boat\npeople\u2019 being interdicted, intercepted, turned around, ignored by passing ships, shot\nat, or denied landing. Even when rescued, disembarkation anywhere has no\nguarantees attached, as incidents off the Somalia/Djibouti coasts starkly remind us.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers and refugees from outside a region are often classified as abusers of\nnational systems, particularly where smugglers have facilitated their travel. While\narrivals by sea have dramatically decreased, land arrivals have basically doubled. In\naddition, while sea arrivals had channeled to one main reception point, land arrivals\nnow come through multiple crossing points and have been dispersed more effectively\nand rapidly through the community, below any radar screen. The evidence suggests\nthat tough sea policies have not solved, just changed and indeed complicated the\ndynamics, of irregular movements.\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR and looking at new challenges, the Convention\u2019s framework is\nof enduring relevance in providing a basic definition of who is a refugee and\nprescribing what cannot happen to refugees and what treatment they should or must\nreceive. It does, though, stop short of setting up, in unambiguous terms, a system\nwhich places affirmative obligations on States Parties to act to ensure that every\nrefugee has a right to asylum which is enforceable somewhere, or put another way,\nthat States cannot act in such a manner that renders this right meaningless.\n\n\nThe Convention regime rests on notions of international solidarity and burden and\nresponsibility sharing, but offers no agreed indicators for either. The Convention\nforeshadows various types of solutions, as refugee status is by definition temporary,\nbut does not contain special arrangements to ensure they are realizable in a timely and\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "durable manner. And it gives little guidance when it comes to settling whose\nresponsibility it is to protect persons forcibly displaced outside a more classic refugee\ncontext. In short, if the Convention is the irreplaceable starting point, the cornerstone\nof refugee protection, it nevertheless does not hold all the answers for modern\ndisplacement situations.\n\n\nIn short, UNHCR\u2019s main challenges continue to be:\n\n\n - widespread reports of the deteriorating quality of asylum worldwide;\n\n\n - hundreds of thousands of refugees without access to timely or safe\nsolutions;\n\n\n - a level of disillusionment about aspects of the 1951 Convention; and,\n\n\n - serious gaps and strains in the protection system generally.\n\n\nSolutions and opportunities have been possible despite these mounting challenges.\nRefugee problems can be solved. The case of northern Uganda illustrates this notion\nperfectly, with over 90 percent of the IDP camps of past years closed and close to 1.7\nmillion IDPs having returned home. Another example is Zambia, where UNHCR is\nwitnessing the closure of two long-standing refugee camps, Kala and Mwange. This is\nquite a milestone in a country that has generously hosted thousands of refugees from\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo for over 10 years.\n\n\nIf more examples are needed, they are there to point to, including the naturalization of\nthe some 162,000 Burundian refugees in Tanzania, or the return to Southern Sudan of\nmore than 330,000 refugees (i.e., around 75 percent of the UNHCR-registered\n428,000 refugees in the neighboring countries at the time the Comprehensive Peace\nAgreement was signed). Asylum in the industrialized world remains an important\ndurable solution. In Europe, North America, and Oceania last year, around 150,000\npersons received Convention status or subsidiary protection, with all the rights\nnecessary for full social inclusion. In terms of resettlement, UNHCR reported\nimportant success stories in 2011, with 24 countries offering resettlement places. Over\n84 000 persons were able to benefit from this solution in 2010. However, the reality is\nthat for every 100 refugees in need of resettlement, only 10 are resettled each year.\n\n\nAt UNHCR\u2019s 60th anniversary in 2011, the most comprehensive, universally and\nlegally binding international instrument defining standards for the treatment of\nrefugees remains the 1951 Convention. Even though many see the Convention as a\nrelic of the Cold War, inadequate in the face of \u2018new\u2019 challenges such refugees from\nethnic violence, gender-based persecution, terrorism, and organized crime, it still is\nrecognized as the principal standard for refugee protection. It does not deal with the\nquestion of admission, and it does not oblige a state of refuge to accord asylum as\nsuch, or provide for the sharing of responsibilities (e.g.,, by prescribing which state\nshould deal with a claim to refugee status).\n\n\nRegional focus was needed due to specific developments, such as in Africa and Latin\nAmerica, which resulted in the 1969 OAU/AU Convention on the Specific Aspects of\nRefugee Problems in Africa and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration, respectively. In\nEurope, the protection doctrine under the 1950 European Convention on Human\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Rights contributed to the new provisions complementary protection within the legal\nframework of the European Union.\n\n\nNevertheless, within the context of the international refugee regime, which brings\ntogether states, UNHCR, the UNHCR Executive Committee, and non-governmental\norganizations, among others, the Convention continues to play an important part in\nthe protection of refugees, in the promotion and provision of solutions for refugees, in\nensuring the security of States, in sharing responsibility, and in generally promoting\nhuman rights.\n\n\nThe 2001 Ministerial Meeting of States Parties on the 50 [th] anniversary of the 1951\nConvention expressly acknowledged \u201cthe continuing relevance and resilience of this\ninternational regime of rights and principles...\u201d In many states, judicial and\nadministrative procedures for the determination of refugee status have established the\nnecessary legal link between refugee status and protection, contributed to a broader\nand deeper understanding of key elements in the Convention definition of refugee,\nand helped to consolidate the fundamental principle of _non-refoulement_ .\n\n\nTen years after 9/11 and after increasing challenges to the humanitarian space and\nprotection, multiple efforts have been underway to address these challenges. These\napproaches did not merely include the assertion of principles or working only with\ntraditional actors and responses. Besides mobilizing refugee protection by working\nwith political actors at all levels, in an environment of declining multilateralism,\ntaking into consideration intercultural, and identity questions,\n\n\nUNHCR has also engaged with security communities, such as counterterrorism\norganizations. As the then UNHCR Director of International Protection stated at the\nfifth Special Meeting of the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee in 2007, in\nthe period since September 11th, the \u201cpurpose of the asylum and refugee protection\nregime, refugees themselves, or persons seeking to be protected under the system\nhave become severely misunderstood, misrepresented, or even stood upside-down,\nboth deliberately or fortuitously as measures which may be taken legitimately have in\nany case had adverse effects. \u2026 When specifically suspected of terrorist intent or\ninclination, many refugees and asylum-seekers have been denied admission, or, if\nalready on territory, detained, extradited, returned, or expelled with limited or no\nrecourse to legal procedural guarantees of judicial process, including through\nmeasures of rendition and diplomatic assurances.\u201d [6] Areas of concern include that States\npotentially are able to proceed with a counter-terrorism rational, unless care is taken in\nlight of relevant norms in the area of human rights, refugee and international\nhumanitarian law, include the following:\n\n\n - extradition with persecutory intent;\n\n\n - collective and individual expulsion of refugees;\n\n\n6 George Okoth-Obbo, Keynote speech and Background Paper, with Selected UNHCR Documents\nrelevant to Counter-Terrorism in its Annex, on\u201a Preserving the Institution of Asylum and Refugee\nProtection in the context of Counter-Terrorism: the Problem of Terrorist Mobility\u2018, 5 [th] Special Meeting\nof the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee with International, Regional and Sub Regional\nOrganizations, Kenya, 31 October 2007, p. 3.\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - lack of refugee protection in the context counter-terrorism;\n\n\n - exclusion on an individual basis or in mass influx situations; and,\n\n\n - denial of access, automatic detention and return to the country of origin.\n\n\nStates who represent the refugee\u2019s country of origin addressing an extradition request\nto another State, the requested State is precluded under Article 33 (1) of the 1951\nConvention or international customary law from extraditing the unwanted person,\nunless it has been established by the authorities of the requested State that the wanted\nperson falls within one of the exception in Article 33 (2) of the 1951 Convention,\nwhich stipulates:\n\n\nThe benefit of Article 33 (1) [ _non refoulement_ ] may not, however, be\nclaimed by a refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for\nregarding as a danger to security of the country in which he is, or\nwho, having been convicted by a final judgment of a particular\nserious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of the country.\n\nExtradition to a country of origin directly or indirectly, where \u201che or she would be at\nrisk of persecution or other irreparable harm is worrying\u201d. Therefore, \u201cextradition and\nasylum processes must be coordinated in such a way as to enable States to rely on\nextradition as an effective tool in preventing impunity and fighting transnational crime\nin a manner which is fully consistent with their international protection obligations.\u201d [7]\n\nShortly after September 11 [th], on 28 September 2001, the UN Security Council called\nupon states in its Res. 1373 in Paragraph 3g to \u201censure, in conformity with\ninternational law, that refugee status not be abused by perpetuators, organizers, or\nfacilitators of terrorist acts\u2026\u201d This triggered UNHCR\u2019s prompt warning that states\nmay be inclined to proceed with expulsion of groups or individuals based \u201con\nreligion, ethnic or national origin or political affiliation, on the mere assumption that\nthey may be involved in terrorism \u2026 and that wishes to emphasize that such\nexpulsion decision must be reached in accordance with due process of law which\nsubstantiates the security threat and allows the individual to provide any evidence\nwhich might counter the allegations.\u201d [8]\n\nRefugee protection in the context of counter-terrorism led to engaging with actors at\nthe international regional and national levels. UNHCR has called for a better balance\nbetween national security and international refugee protection principles, and has\nsuggested that asylum systems should be managed in such a way that allows states to\nidentify early who might present a security risk.\n\nIn her conclusion, Ms. Feller confirmed \u201cUNHCR\u2019s continued readiness to work with\nthe Counter-Terrorism Committee and all relevant partners in assisting MemberStates in the implementation of their obligations under Security Council resolutions\n\n\n7 Guidance Note on Extradition and International Refugee Protection, UNHCR, Geneva, April 2088,\npage 37.\n8 Addressing Security Concerns without Undermining Refugee Protection \u2013 UNHCR\u2019s perspective \u2013\nUNHCR, Geneva, November 2001.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1373 (2001) and 1624 (2005). In doing so we believe resolutely that effective counterterrorism measures and the protection of human rights are not conflicting, but\ncomplementary and mutually reinforcing goals, and that human rights and the rule of\nlaw are the fundamental basics of fighting against terrorism.\u201d [9]\n\nIn September 2005, the UN Security Council recalled that the 1951 Convention shall\nnot extend to any person considered responsible of acts contrary to the purposes and\nprinciples of the United Nations. In addition, the Security Council called upon states\nto enhance terrorist screening with a view to preventing those so responsible from\nentering their territory. This resolution prompted UNHCR to present its views on the\nmatter recognizing that the \u201c\u2026combination of these provisions and the terminology\nused therein may indeed give rise to a risk that the Resolution 1624 may be\ninterpreted as permitting the exclusion from international refugee protection, on the\nbasis of Article 1F(c) of the 1951 Convention\u2026\u201d\n\n\nAt the same time, UNHCR highlighted the explicit mention \u201cfor the first time, of the\nright to seek and enjoy asylum\u201d and that \u201cexclusion from international refugee\nprotection requires an individual assessment and a determination on the basis of\nreliable information, and that there are serious reasons for considering that the persons\nconcerned incurred individual responsibility for such acts.\u201d [10] Particular risks arise in\nthe application of the exclusion clause to mass influx situations, especially securityrelated issues. \u201cThese risks are likely to be reinforced where excludable persons who\nwere in positions of power in the country of origin have recreated the former power\nstructure in refugee camps.\u201d [11] In order to provide guidance, UNHCR issued its\n\u201cguidelines to clarify the procedural aspects of exclusion in the context of group\ndetermination on _a prima facie_ basis,\u201d [12] especially in situations of mass influx.\n\n\nDenial of access, automatic detention, and return to the country of origin have been\nworrying features in refugee protection even before September 11th, but have become\nincreasing concerns in recent years, and in light of counter-terrorism measures.\nConsidering refugee protection through the practice of the UN Security Council,\nscholar Christiane Ahlborn found that, \u201clinks made between terrorists and refugee\nstatus in the context of the counter-terrorism resolutions\u2026have been met with\nreaffirmations of the requirement to comply with international human rights,\ninternational humanitarian law, and refugee law, and in particular with the principle of\n_non-refoulement_ .\n\nDespite undeniable negative repercussions of its political actions, the Security\nCouncil\u2019s practice has thus predominantly had a positive influence on the normative\ndevelopment of international refugee protection. Considering the recent evolution of\n\n9 Address by Erika Feller, Assistant High Commissioner (Protection) UNHCR, Counter-Terrorism\nCommittee, New York, 19 May 2011\n10 UNHCR Note on the Impact of Security Council Resolution 1624 (2005) on the Application of\nExclusion Under Article 1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees\u2019,, UNHCR\nDepartment of International Protection, Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section, 9 December 2005.\n11 UNHCR Guidelines on the Application in Mass Influx Situations of the Exclusion Clauses of Article\n1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of refugees, UNHCR Protection Policy and Legal\nadvice Section, February 2006, p. 21\n12 UNHCR Guidelines on the Application in Mass Influx Situations of the Exclusion Clauses of Article\n1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Field Office Memorandum No.\n012/2006, p. 1. UNHCR Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section, Geneva, 7 February 2006.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "its scope of action towards the security of individuals, it is likely that the Security\nCouncil will continue to strengthen international refugee protection by adapting it to\nthe challenges of the complex security environment of the 21 [st] century.\u201d [13]\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nThis paper was not meant to be an exhaustive account on any particular geopolitical\nand functional refugee protection issue. We only briefly looked back to the last 60\nyears of selected UNHCR\u2019s challenges and accomplishments; with a summary of\nsome of the main contributions of the 10 High Commissioners since 1951, we\nillustrated that mobilizing refugee protection has become an increasingly serious\nchallenge, especially given the counter-terrorism\u2013focused era following September\n11th. Increasing risks from counter-terrorism measures have been diminishing the\nhumanitarian space and the ability to deliver and enjoy basic protection. Nowadays,\nrefugees are facing a twofold serious risk: they are unable to find safety either at home\nor in the countries to which they were forced to flee.\n\nHumanitarian efforts, coupled with political leadership, have been crucial in past\ndecades for mobilizing refugee protection. UNHCR effected policy and operational\nadjustments in its increasing engagement in counter-terrorism work within the United\nNations. Together with other international, regional, and national players, UNHCR\nworked to face post-September 11 challenges and thus exploited the economies of\nsynergy, collaboration, and solidarity. Mobilizing states to discharging their refugee\nobligations duly and properly in a context in which their security communities\nrespond also to counter-terrorism imperatives requires that it be done in a way\njustified and adequate and in line with UNHCR\u2019s mandate and objectives.\n\n\n13 Christiane Ahlborn, \u00ab 4. Conclusion: Balancing an Ambivalent Practice \u00bb, in _The Development of_\n_International Refugee Protection through the Practice of the UN Security Council_, The Graduate\nInstitute | Geneva (\u00ab eCahiers \u00bb, n [o] 6), 2010, [Online], Online since 29 avril 2011, connection on 15\njuillet 2011. URL : http://iheid.revues.org/172 ; DOI : 10.4000/iheid.172; Electronic reference.\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fba0e0d7-5e12-3542-8e2c-9606f06388bf/Full_Document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_404/raw/doc_404_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_404/raw/doc_404_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1b8a4d3297895febf980e90c1aa5246289baba4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_404/raw/doc_404_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,292 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## A/AC.96/74/3 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\n\nDistr.: General\n19 July 2023\n# **\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629**\nArabic\nOriginal: English and French\n\n\n#### 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"source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\n\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0623 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639\u0641\u0627 **\u062f\u062f** \u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062c\u0626 \u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634 **\u062f\u062f** \u0627\u0623 \u0634 **\u062f\u062f** \u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0623\u0627 \u0648\u0645. 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\u0646\n\n__________\n\n\n\n[.https://www.refworld.org/) \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0639: 2(](https://www.refworld.org/)\n\n[https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-) \u0644\u062b\u062a\u062f\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0627 \u064a\u0631: 3(](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n[.Platform-January-2023.pdf](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\n\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0627 \u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 **\u062f** \u0627\u0644\u0643. \u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639 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"text": "\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u062f", - "confidence": 0.5265608429908752, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6121916174888611, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0623\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0648 \u0648\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0623 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0627\u0644 \u0627 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**\u062f** \u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f **\u062f** \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\n\n\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627 **\u062f** \u0627\u0627\u062a **\u062f** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 **\u062f** \u0627 \u0643 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0645 **\u062f** \u0627 \u0648 \u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634 **\u062f** \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627 \u0645 **\u062f**\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0627\n\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MIRPS", - "confidence": 0.8712542057037354, - "start": 968, - "end": 969 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5863643884658813, - "start": 924, - "end": 925 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n#### **\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0621-**\n\n\n\n\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623 **\u062f** \u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0634 **\u062f** \u0627\u0627\u0630 \u0648 \u0623\u0648\u062a **\u062f** \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634 **\u062f** \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0623 \u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062a **\u062f** \u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634 **\u062f** \u0631\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0644 \u062a\u0645 **\u062f** \u0627\u0627\u062a **\u062f** \u0627\u0639\u062f 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\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0645 **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u062a **\u062f\u062f\u062f**\n\n__________\n\n\n\nUNHCR, \u201cGuidance: Identification of persons with disabilities at registration and other data collection ) 4(\n\n[.https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079](https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079) \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0639\u0628efforts\u201d,\n\n\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-\u0639:](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection) **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0627 **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0627\u0648 \u0639 **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u062a\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f** ) \u06455(\n\n[.disabilities/strengthening-protection](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": 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"document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\n\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0630 \u0627\u062a\u062f\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0623\u0627 **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062c \u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u062a\u0627\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0645\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f** -49\n\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f 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\u062a\u0627\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634 **\u062f**\n\n\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645 .\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062b\u062c\u0626 \u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0639\u0629 2023 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\n\n\n\n__________\n\n\u0639\u0628 **\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0627\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u062a\u062f **\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0645\u062f UNHCR, \u201cThird country solutions for refugees: Roadmap 2030\u201d, June 2022, ) 6(\n\n[\u0627https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030)\n\n\n**13** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644", - "confidence": 0.6487775444984436, - "start": 489, - "end": 491 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0627\u0627 \u062d \u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062a \u0629\u0631\u0627\u0645 **\u062f\u062f** \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0645\u062f **\u062f** \u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062f **\u062f** \u0627\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627 \u062a\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f **\u062f**\n\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0623 \u0644\u063a \u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0627 \u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\n\n\n\n**15** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645", - "confidence": 0.5597299337387085, - "start": 667, - "end": 669 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\n\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u062b\u0644 **\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f\u062f** \u0645\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0625\u0644\u062f\u062f\u0645\u062f\u0627 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**\u062f** \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644. **\u062f** \u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639 **\u062f** \u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a **\u062f**\n\n\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0629\u0627\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0623\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u063a \u0631\u0627\n\n\n\n**17** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7efd806-10af-4664-82e9-e3d4ebfcefaa/G2314711.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_405/raw/doc_405_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_405/raw/doc_405_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e4ee6cc837fb808e2e152506a8ba03c93b6abab8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_405/raw/doc_405_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# \u8054 \u5408 \u56fd A/AC.96/74/3 \u5927 \u4f1a Distr.: General\n\n19 July 2023\nChinese\nOriginal: English and French\n\n\n\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u65b9\u6848\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae\n\n2023 \u5e74 10 \u6708 9 \u65e5\u81f3 13 \u65e5\n\n\u4e34\u65f6\u8bae\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee 4(a)\n\n\u5ba1\u8bae\u5e38\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\n\n\n\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\n\n## \u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\n\n\n\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\n\n\n\u6982\u8981\n\n\n\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u5df2\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u6240\u8f7d\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u4eab\u53d7\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\n\n\n\u6743\u5229\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u79bb\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\n\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u672c\u8bf4\u660e\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e86 2022 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u81f3 2023 \u5e74 6 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2023 \u5e74\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u7403\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\n\n\u8981\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b8b\u75be\n\n\n\u4eba\u3001\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u66b4\u529b\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\n\n\n\u672c\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eab\u53d7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\n\n\n\u7f72\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u500d\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0e\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u8005\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\n\n\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u3002\n\n\nGE.23-13632 (C) 250723 210823\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n## \u4e00. \u5bfc\u8a00\n\n\n1. \u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\n\n\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a 1948 \u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bb6\n\n\u5ead\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u53ca\u5176\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u57fa\n\n\u7840(\u5e8f\u8a00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u6bb5)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u6587\u4e66\u4e2d\u8868\n\n\u8fbe\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u4eab\u6709\u5e87\u62a4\u4ee5\u514d\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u79bb\u5f00\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5229(\u7b2c\n\n\u5341\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761)\u3002\n\n\n2. 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\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e3a 1951 \u5e74\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u516c\u7ea6\u300b(1951 \u5e74\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b)\u4ee5\n\n\u53ca\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u96be\u6c11\u6cd5\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u4eab\u6709\u5e87\u62a4\n\n\n\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6709\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fdd\u969c\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6743\n\n\u5229\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u8bf4\u660e\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86 2022 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u81f3 2023 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u671f\u95f4\u5f71\u54cd\u96be\u6c11\u3001\u5883\u5185\n\n\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u4e0e\u4eab\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\n\n\n\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u7531\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u804c\u8d23\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\n\n\n\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\n\n\n4. \u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u673a\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5e73\n\n\u6c11\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u30022022 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\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u80fd\u591f\u5c06 2019 \u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5(COVID-19)\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u964d\u81f3\u53ef\u63a7\u6c34\u5e73\u5e76\u63d0\n\n\u4f9b\u9002\u5f53\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u7531\u9650\u5236\u5165\u5883\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e87\u62a4\u3002\u5c3d\n\n\n\u7ba1\u5177\u5907\u6709\u6548\u6218\u7565\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u62b5\u8fbe\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\n\n\n\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u51b5\u4ecd\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u5165\u5883\n\n\n**2** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - 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2022\n\n\u5e74\u5e95\u5546\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u52a8\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u8054\u5408\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u79fb\u5f99\u8005\u6df7\u5408\n\n\n\u6d41\u52a8\u3001\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u627f\u8bfa\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u5408\u5206\n\n\n\u6790\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c55\u8054\u5408\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u5c06\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\n\n\n\u7840\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\n\n\n13. 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GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n18. 2022 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u652f\u6301\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8bc4\u4f30 [1] 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\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5404\u56fd\u5c31\u5e87\u62a4\u7533\u8bf7\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\n\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5c31\u56de\u8fd4\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u4e39\u3001\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\u548c\u7d22\u9a6c\u91cc\n\n\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u8003\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6307\u5bfc\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7acb\u573a\u3002 [2] \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u8fd8\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u96be\n\n\n\u6c11\u6587\u732e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u5411\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u6538\u5173\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\n\n\n\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n\n\n20. \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u5728 50 \u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u5b9a\u96be\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\n\n\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u7387\u30022022 \u5e74\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 91,000 \u4efd\u4e2a\n\n\u4eba\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e0e\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e2a\n\n\n\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\n\n\n21. \u5728 2019 \u5e74\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u7403\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8bfa\u6539\u5584\u5176\u5e87\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5176\n\n\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u627f\u8bfa\u5c1a\u5f85\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u52a9\u76ee\u524d\u4f9b\u4e0d\u5e94\n\n\u6c42\u3002\u5728 2023 \u5e74\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u7403\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6566\u4fc3\u5404\u56fd\u91cd\u65b0\u627f\u8bfa\u9075\u5b88\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u62a4\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\n\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u652f\u6301\u843d\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5e87\u62a4\u6709\u5173\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\n\n\n\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u52a9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u3002\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u52a9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u95e8\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u826f\u597d\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53d1\n\n\n\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u5173\u4e8e\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u52a9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53ec\u96c6\n\n\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5e73\u53f0\u3002 [3]\n\n## \u4e09. \u4eab\u6709\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\n\n\n22. 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\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eab\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\n\n\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u4e0e\u5404\u65b9\u4f19\u4f34\n\n\n\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u5b89\n\n\n\u5168\u3001\u4e0d\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5207\u5b9e\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u5229\u3002\n\n\n1 \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\uff0c\u201c\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5e87\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u9605 [https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-](https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation)\n\n[asylum-capacity-development-evaluation.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation)\n\n\n2 \u53ef\u67e5\u9605 [https://www.refworld.org/.](https://www.refworld.org/)\n\n\n3 \u5bf9\u8bdd\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u89c1 [https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n[Platform-January-2023.pdf.](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n24. 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\u5e74\u6c14\u5019\u884c\u52a8\u6218\u7565\u6846\n\n\u67b6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u51c6\u5907\u5e76\u5efa\u8bbe\u590d\u539f\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u51cf\u5c11\u98ce\u9669\u3002\n\n\n26. \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f19\u4f34\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4e13\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\n\n\u5206\u6790\u548c\u878d\u8d44\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6536\u5bb9\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u6548\n\n\n\u7684\u673a\u6784\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7531\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u7f72\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u5e94\n\n\n\u5bf9\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e\u590d\u539f\u529b\u8ba1\u5212\u786e\u4fdd\u5c06\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5305\u5bb9\n\n\n\u6027\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u957f\u671f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u201c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4eba\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52a8\u201d\n\n\u542f\u52a8\u4e86 2023-2024 \u5e74\u5e94\u5bf9\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86 200 \u591a\u4e2a\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u4e3a\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u96be\n\n\u6c11\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u6536\u5bb9\u793e\u533a\u5f00\u5c55\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u54e5\u65af\u8fbe\u9ece\u52a0\uff0c\u7531\n\n\n\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4f18\u60e0\u878d\u8d44\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u63f4\u52a9\u53d1\u5c55\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u3001\u96be\n\n\n\u6c11\u548c\u6536\u5bb9\u793e\u533a\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\n\n\nA. \u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u884c\u52a8\n\n\n27. 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\u5e74\u300a\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5305\u5bb9\n\n\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ebd\u5e26\u4e0a\n\n\n\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u533a\u907f\u514d\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u523a\n\n\n\u6fc0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e1c\u9053\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u798f\u5229\u3002\n\n\n**6** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n29. 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70%\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u6240\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c31\u4e1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6cd5\n\n\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f00\u529e\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\n\n\n\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\n\n\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c 2023 \u5e74 5 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\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\uff0c\u201c\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u767b\u8bb0\u65f6\u8bc6\u522b\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u9605\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079)\n\n\n5 \u53ef\u67e5\u9605 [https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n[disabilities/strengthening-protection.](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n\n**8** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nC. \u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6559\u80b2\n\n\n40. 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48.5\n\n\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u7d27\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u80af\u5c3c\n\n\u4e9a\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u96be\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b(2021 \u5e74)\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u5e76\u51cf\u8f7b\u6536\u5bb9\u793e\u533a\n\n\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u300a\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u5168\u7403\n\n\n\u6559\u80b2\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u5730\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\n\n\n45. \u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5229\u7528\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\n\n\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u81ea 2012 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5df2\u6709 140 \u4e07\n\n\u513f\u7ae5\u5165\u5b66\u63a5\u53d7\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec 2022 \u5e74\u5728\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u8fd1 23,000 \u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u7531\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": 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\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\n\n\u5f00\u653e\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u96be\u6c11\u5b66\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u673a\n\n\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5230 2023 \u5e74\u8ba9 15%\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\n\n\nD. \u9632\u6b62\u6027\u522b\u66b4\u529b\n\n\n48. 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100 \u591a\u4e07\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u3002\n\n\n50. \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u4fb5\u5bb3\u5987\u5973\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u8bf7\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\n\n\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u5357\u82cf\u4e39\u3001\n\n\n\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u201c\u8ba9\u7537\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u3002\n\n\nE. \u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u548c\u8865\u5145\u9014\u5f84\n\n\n51. \u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u3001\u8865\u5145\u9014\u5f84\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6551\u751f\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u5e87\u62a4\n\n\u548c\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u62c5\u8d1f\u62c5\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5207\u5b9e\u8868\u73b0\u30022022 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\n\n\n**10** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u56fd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe [6] \u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u6269\u5927\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\uff1b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8865\u5145\u9014\u5f84\n\n\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\uff1b\u4e3a\u63a5\u7eb3\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5230 2030 \u5e74\u4e3a 300\n\n\u4e07\u96be\u6c11\u6269\u5927\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e(100 \u4e07\u4eba)\u548c\u8865\u5145\u9014\u5f84\n\n(200 \u4e07\u4eba)\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u6538\u5173\u65b9\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\n\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002\n\n\n52. 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\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u82cf\u4e39\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u56fd\n\n\u5bb6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u6b63\u5728\u52a8\u5458\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf 2023\n\n\u5e74\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u7403\u8bba\u575b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5168\u7403\u96be\u6c11\u5951\u7ea6\u300b\u589e\u52a0\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u7684\u6709\u529b\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\n\n\n54. \u786e\u4fdd\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u52bf\u5934\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3001\u5927\u97e9\u6c11\u56fd\n\n\u548c\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u53ca\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u8054\u5408\u738b\u56fd\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u9014\n\n\n\u5f84\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\u9014\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u7403\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5927\u578b\u5b9e\u8df5\u793e\u533a\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u5f00\n\n\n\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u52aa\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5b9a\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8865\u5145\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\n\n## \u56db. \u7ef4\u62a4\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6743\n\n\n55. 2022 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u666e\u904d\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\n\n\u5931\u6240\u8005\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u4e2d\u5360\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 5,730 \u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u514d\u906d\u4efb\u610f\u8fc1\u79fb\n\n\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u63f4\u52a9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bfb\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\n\n\n\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\n\n\n\u539f\u5219\u300b\u3002\n\n\n56. 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\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5728 33 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5883\u5185\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\n\n\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u52a0\u5267\u7cae\u98df\u4e0d\u5b89\n\n\n\u5168\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\n\n\n6 \u96be\u6c11\u7f72\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a2030 \u5e74\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c2022 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u9605\n\n[https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - 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GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u79bb\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u7c4d\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e8b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u591a\u969c\u788d\u3002\n\n\n\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9003\u79bb\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\n\n\n63. 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**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u6cd5\u30022022 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u6301\u7eed\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u51b2\u7a81\u5f97\u5230\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u6b3e\n\n\u5f00\u59cb\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u4eba\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u7ec8\n\n\n\u6b62\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\n\n\n69. 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\u4e07\u540d\u5e03\u9686\u8fea\u96be\u6c11\u81ea\u613f\u9063\u8fd4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\n\n\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5e03\u9686\u8fea\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u56de\u8fd4\n\n\n\u8005\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7eb3\u5165\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5021\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u533a\u6269\u5927\u83b7\u5f97\u670d\n\n\n\u52a1\u548c\u751f\u8ba1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\n\n## \u4e03. \u7ed3\u8bba\n\n\n70. 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GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e8cc9b1-7039-47e6-9b11-c8e687897b3e/G2314712.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_406/raw/doc_406_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_406/raw/doc_406_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5abd38c37bc2ff08ed660315193f696522e683bf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_406/raw/doc_406_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# United Nations A/AC.96/74/3\n\nDistr.: General\n# **General Assembly**\n19 July 2023\n\n\nOriginal: English and French\n\n\n**Executive Committee of the**\n**High Commissioner\u2019s Programme**\n**Seventy-fourth session**\n**9\u201313 October 2023**\nItem 4 (a) of the provisional agenda\n**Consideration of reports of the Standing Committee**\n**International protection**\n\n## **Note on international protection**\n\n### **Note by the High Commissioner**\n\n\n_Summary_\n\n\nThree-quarters of a century since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted,\nthe right to seek and enjoy asylum, enshrined in article 14 and one of the earliest human\nrights principles, remains elusive for many people who are forced to flee conflict and\npersecution. This note examines the progress made in securing the rights of refugees,\nasylum-seekers, returnees, internally displaced persons and stateless people, as well as the\nsignificant obstacles encountered, covering the period from July 2022 to June 2023. It\nanalyses the protection landscape, including in forgotten crises and protracted situations of\ndisplacement, while highlighting efforts to facilitate solutions for the displaced.\n\n\nThe note describes the complementary efforts of the Office of the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees and partners to strengthen responses to mixed movements of\nrefugees and migrants, in support of the implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees\nand the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. It calls on States and all\nstakeholders to prepare concrete and meaningful pledges towards the 2023 Global Refugee\nForum, unlocking opportunities for inclusion, development, education and other key areas\nthat require support and investment. It also outlines the needs of people at heightened risk,\nincluding those with disabilities, women and children, and survivors of gender-based\nviolence.\n\n\nThe note concludes that too many displaced and stateless people are unable to enjoy their\nrights and that UNHCR, governments and partners need to redouble efforts, working together\nwith displaced and stateless people, to realize them in practice.\n\n\nGE.23-13632(E)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n### **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. This year marks the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human\nRights, the foundation of the modern-day international legal framework for the protection of\nhuman rights. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, the Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights recognizes that the inherent dignity and the equal and\ninalienable rights of all members of the human family constitute the foundation of freedom,\njustice and peace in the world (preamble, para. 1). This landmark document expressed for the\nfirst time in a major multilateral instrument the right for people to seek and enjoy asylum\nfrom persecution and the right for them to leave and to return to their own country (articles\n13 and 14).\n\n\n2. The right to seek asylum requires that people have access, in law and practice, to the\nmeans to: claim international protection in safety; have their international protection needs\nassessed through fair and efficient asylum procedures; and be protected from removal to a\nterritory where they would face a real risk of persecution or serious harm. The right to enjoy\nasylum ensures that people in need of international protection can exercise their rights in\ndignity, free from discrimination on any grounds, and that they are included and can\nparticipate in society in their host countries, including in national economies and other\nsystems. The right to return recognizes the relationship between people and their country of\norigin. In the context of displacement, it ensures that those who fled can go back to their\ncountry of origin in safety and dignity, ending their refugee status.\n\n\n3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights provided a basis for the 1951 Convention\nrelating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) and the development of international\nrefugee and human rights law more broadly. Through these, the right to seek and enjoy\nasylum has been given substance and content, including guarantees of civil and political as\nwell as economic, social and cultural rights for refugees. Against this background, this note\nexamines the link between displacement and the enjoyment of key human rights, as reflected\nin global developments affecting refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless people\nduring the period from July 2022 to June 2023. It has been prepared by the Office of the High\nCommissioner pursuant to its mandated responsibilities and does not necessarily represent\nthe views of all member States of the Executive Committee.\n\n\n4. Conflict and violence are increasing in intensity and prevalence across the globe, with\nhumanitarian crises growing in scale and complexity. Civilians bear the brunt of the resulting\nharm and are being displaced in greater numbers year after year. In 2022, the Office of the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was faced with 35 emergencies\nin 25 countries that were marked by conflict, violence, rising inflation and food shortages,\noften exacerbating existing vulnerabilities linked to poverty, gender inequalities and\ndiscrimination on various grounds, and the effects of climate change and environmental\ndegradation. The conflict in Ukraine dominated the headlines in 2022, drawing attention to\nthe international protection needs of refugees fleeing the country and the plight of the\ninternally displaced. More recently, the crisis in Sudan has highlighted the need for the\ninternational community to devote greater attention and resources, in a timely manner, to\naddress unfolding emergencies as well as protracted situations in many parts of the world.\n\n\n5. States located closest to countries in crisis continue to shoulder the greatest burden\nand responsibility for supporting refugees. Despite their efforts, a number of factors may lead\nto onward movements. Sometimes individuals in need of international protection cross\nborders seeking safety, only to find themselves in the middle of an equally difficult situation.\nViolence, insecurity and intercommunal tension, combined with a lack of basic services and\nlivelihood opportunities, may compel refugees to move again. The consequences of\ninsufficient burden- and responsibility-sharing among States and lack of viable solutions can\nalso drive people to undertake perilous journeys at the hands of smugglers and traffickers,\noften to suffer human rights violations en route and be denied entry at borders.\n\n\n6. While many States were able to bring the rates of infection of the coronavirus disease\n(COVID-19) to manageable levels and provide adequate treatment, concerns over public\nhealth continued to be invoked in some countries to justify restrictions on entry and deny\naccess to asylum. This was notwithstanding the availability of effective strategies to manage\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arrivals, while protecting public health, which had been successfully implemented in many\nlocations. The past year has also seen much negative political discourse, policies and\npractices aimed at preventing irregular movements and arrivals, with insufficient safeguards\nto ensure access to asylum for those who need it.\n\n\n7. To address the current global displacement situation, greater political will and\neconomic investments are needed to end the cycle of violence, ensure stability,\nre-establish the rule of law and build strong frameworks for the protection of human rights\nin affected countries. Such measures, rather than restrictive border and migration\nmanagement policies, are needed to effectively prevent displacement and to put in place the\nconditions for safe and sustainable return. Greater opportunities for resettlement and\ncomplementary pathways, as well as local integration, are also needed to expand solutions\nand enhance burden- and responsibility-sharing.\n\n\n8. In line with the Global Compact on Refugees, strong partnerships \u2013 including with\nStates, United Nations partners, civil society, representatives of affected communities,\ndevelopment partners, international financial institutions and the private sector \u2013 must be\nreinforced. These partnerships should be oriented towards protection, the safeguarding of\nrights and solutions, in the spirit of solidarity and effective burden- and responsibilitysharing, and away from policies that undermine human rights including, the right to seek and\nenjoy asylum.\n\n\n9. The emphasis on the crucial nature of working in partnership was reflected in the\nSecretary-General\u2019s Action Agenda on Internal Displacement. This recognizes that achieving\nlasting change in the context of internal displacement requires not only a robust humanitarian\nresponse, but also greater collaboration among actors from across the United Nations system\nand beyond, particularly development, peace and climate actors.\n\n### **II. The right to seek asylum**\n\n\n**A. Mixed movements**\n\n\n10. People seeking international protection continue to move across borders alongside\nthose moving for different reasons, often following similar routes and facing similar risks.\nIncreasing population movements have prompted important initiatives that seek to better\nrespond to mixed flows of refugees and migrants. Addressing this phenomenon requires a\ncomprehensive and collaborative approach, with investments in capacity-building, the\ndevelopment of effective asylum and migration management systems, support for\nintegration, development initiatives, and innovative partnerships.\n\n\n11. Responses must be based on reinforced commitments to international legal\nobligations and cooperation built on solidarity and burden- and responsibility-sharing.\nMaintaining and expanding access to asylum across countries and regions is paramount and\nneeds to be coupled with targeted initiatives to strengthen asylum and solutions in regions of\norigin and along main routes. Together with partners, UNHCR intensified efforts to\nstrengthen protection and solutions in the context of mixed and onward movements and will\ncontinue in this direction.\n\n\n12. It must be recognized that it is not possible, nor warranted, to halt all population\nmovements. Based on the recognition that both migrants and refugees deserve safety and\nrespect for their rights, UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)\nagreed on a framework of engagement in late 2022. The framework focuses on strengthened\njoint responses to mixed movements of refugees and migrants, durable solutions for\ninternally displaced persons and data. Both organizations committed to undertaking joint\nanalysis and advocacy as well as, in relevant contexts, joint planning and responses. Targeted\nprogrammatic interventions will be undertaken, based on coordinated data and information\nmanagement.\n\n\n13. In Nigeria, the two organizations communicated jointly with communities on\nprotection risks en route, and in Cameroon and Gabon, they supported capacity-building for\nlocal border authorities. In order to address the risks and reinforce the rights of refugees and\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nmigrants, UNHCR has called for complementary implementation of the Global Compact on\nRefugees and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, including\nthrough pledges at the 2023 Global Refugee Forum.\n\n\n14. Tragic incidents en route involving the loss of life of refugees and migrants persisted,\nincluding in the central Mediterranean, the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal, and the Dari\u00e9n.\nConcerned about inadequate search-and-rescue capacity and the need for safe and timely\ndisembarkation of rescued refugees and migrants, UNHCR welcomed efforts by the\nEuropean Union to address mixed movements across the central Mediterranean, including\nthough an action plan and operational measures. It also welcomed efforts to address a 360\nper cent increase in onward movements of Rohingya refugee in the Andaman Sea and Bay\nof Bengal over the past year, including activation of the Second Consultation Mechanism of\nthe Bali Process in April 2023. In response to increased departures by sea, IOM, UNHCR\nand the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East\ncalled on coastal States to reinforce search-and-rescue capacities and to ensure predictability\nin identifying safe places for disembarkation. Further action is needed to address the root\ncauses of these movements, and States are urged to strengthen access to safe, lawful\npathways, as viable alternatives to dangerous journeys, in line with the principle of burdenand responsibility-sharing.\n\n\n**B.** **Asylum systems**\n\n\n15. The national asylum systems of some countries struggled to cope with increased\nnumbers of asylum claims. While some States worked on expanding their capacities to tackle\nbacklogs and to receive people seeking asylum, others responded with attempts to close their\nborders and deny access to asylum procedures, or to shift their responsibilities under\ninternational law by transferring asylum-seekers to third countries, despite unsafe conditions\nand inadequate protection frameworks. As a result, violations of the principle of nonrefoulement, including through arbitrary expulsions and violent pushbacks or redirections at\nfrontiers, occurred in all parts of the world. States are reminded of their obligation to respect\nthe principle of non-refoulement, which is key to the right to seek and enjoy asylum.\nArticulated in the 1951 Convention and other human rights instruments, and a norm of\ncustomary international law, non-refoulement must be upheld through resolute actions that\npreclude the removal of people to countries where they risk facing serious harm.\n\n\n16. Strong asylum systems and robust mechanisms for identifying international protection\nneeds remain central to the ability of States to provide protection to those seeking safety from\nconflict and persecution. They must ensure that all civilians fleeing violence and persecution\nhave non-discriminatory access to safe territory, receive international protection and are able\nto enjoy basic rights, irrespective of their nationality, race, ethnicity, religion, political\naffiliation, sexual orientation or gender identity, and any other grounds. The ending of\nCOVID-19 travel restrictions in many countries, combined with numerous refugeeproducing events \u2013 such as the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine and the situation in\nAfghanistan \u2013 led to the number of new asylum applications increasing dramatically in 2022.\nAs a result, many States strengthened their asylum procedures to maximize the protection\noffered to individuals seeking safety. Some were able to increase efficiency through groupbased prima facie approaches to refugee recognition, including in the Central African\nRepublic for arrivals from South Sudan and in Benin for arrivals from Burkina Faso. UNHCR\nworked with States on developing fair and efficient asylum systems and adopting national\nlaws and policies that are compliant with international legal standards. Benin and Senegal\nadopted new laws that are largely in line with international and regional legal standards. They\nprovide refugees with extensive rights, including the right to asylum and protection from\nrefoulement, and foster solutions by facilitating access to employment, education, property,\ndocumentation and, in some cases, naturalization.\n\n\n17. Practical measures were also employed in some States to complement the asylum\nregime. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, a headcount exercise enabled 2.6 million Afghans to\nobtain temporary documentation. In the Americas, Venezuelans in need of international\nprotection continued to enjoy access to asylum, temporary protection and regularization,\nincluding in Argentina, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay.\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nBrazil extended its humanitarian visa and temporary protection policy for Haitians, and Costa\nRica implemented a special temporary-stay arrangement on humanitarian grounds for certain\nindividuals from Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), whose asylum\nclaims were rejected but who could not return. Belize initiated an amnesty programme for\nundocumented foreigners, including asylum-seekers, providing a pathway for permanent\nresidence. Ukrainians continued to benefit from temporary protection under a European\nUnion directive and from national protection schemes across Europe and beyond. These\nmechanisms are essential for providing protection in the context of large-scale displacement\nand ongoing conflict.\n\n\n18. An independent evaluation of the work of UNHCR in support of asylum capacity\ndevelopmen ~~t~~ [1] released in 2022 made a number of key recommendations, including that the\norganization should revise and expand its strategy and guidance in this area and take a more\nstrategic, performance-driven approach. UNHCR is committed to more effectively\nsupporting States as part of the management response to the evaluation. This includes the\ndevelopment of a five-year strategy on asylum capacity development, in close consultation\nwith States, that will shape the organization\u2019s engagement in this area in the coming years.\n\n\n19. UNHCR issued guidance to support States in decision-making on asylum claims,\nparticularly through the provision of country guidance. It issued positions on returns to the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo and to the Sudan, international protection considerations\non Nicaragua and Somalia, and country guidance on Afghanistan [2] . UNHCR is also\nrevamping its Refworld website, which provides decision-makers and other stakeholders\nwith policy and law information, making it more user-friendly.\n\n\n20. In over 50 countries where it conducts refugee status determination under its mandate,\nUNHCR continued to improve the quality and efficiency of its procedures. While processing\nmore than 91,000 individual claims in 2022, UNHCR developed the capacity of its staff to\naddress particular types of claims and to work with individuals with specific needs, including\nchildren and those with mental health needs.\n\n\n21. At the 2019 Global Refugee Forum, many States made pledges to improve their\nasylum systems and support other countries to do so. However, many pledges in this area\nremain to be implemented. Demand for asylum capacity support by far exceeds supply. At\nthe 2023 Global Refugee Forum, States are urged to recommit to fundamental protection\nprinciples and make pledges in this area that are concrete and implementable. UNHCR\nsupported the implementation of pledges relating to asylum and, particularly, the initiatives\nof the Asylum Capacity Support Group. The online portal for the Asylum Capacity Support\nGroup contains good practices, which are helpful in the development of new pledges. In\nresponse to calls for the Asylum Capacity Support Group to assume a more active convener\nrole in the asylum capacity space, a Dialogue Platform [3] was launched earlier this year.\n\n### **III. The right to enjoy asylum**\n\n\n22. Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, the right to seek and\nenjoy asylum has been developed through the frameworks for international refugee law and\ninternational human rights law, and other relevant branches of law. The Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights and subsequent legal developments have conferred a catalogue\nof rights upon refugees, including socioeconomic and civil and political rights. To ensure\naccess to and the effective enjoyment of asylum, a human-centred approach is required,\nrecognizing the need for unconditional respect for rights and human dignity. While\nchallenges exist, including gender-based violence, xenophobia, stagnating economies,\nlimited socioeconomic opportunities and disasters, advances in inclusion and expanded\n\n\n1 UNHCR, \u201cUNHCR Asylum Capacity Development Evaluation\u201d available at\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation.\n2 Available from https://www.refworld.org/.\n\n3 For more information about the Dialogue Platform, see https://acsg-portal.org/wp\ncontent/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nopportunities for solutions in recent years have enabled many refugees to better enjoy asylum\nand the rights that come with it.\n\n\n23. Stigmatization, prejudice and marginalization can prevent displaced and stateless\npeople from enjoying the rights conferred on them by international law. Preventing and\naddressing discrimination, on any grounds is therefore essential. UNHCR works with\npartners to ensure that displaced and stateless people can participate in the economies and\nsocieties in which they reside and have meaningful access to their rights through systems that\nare safe, non-discriminatory and inclusive.\n\n\n24. Over the past year, uneven and slow economic growth limited the ability, and\nsometimes the willingness, of States to support refugees, internally displaced persons and\nstateless people in ways that are consistent with their rights. This pushed many into poverty,\n\nparticularly where access to work and other sources of subsistence were limited. While it is\nestablished that refugees can contribute positively to their host countries in the long-run, their\npresence can have a significant short-term impact on local economies, including rising food\nprices. As a result, rising anti-refugee rhetoric, violence and further displacement have been\nobserved in some host countries, particularly those already experiencing hardship.\n\n\n25. In 2022, disasters affected the ability of people in many countries to enjoy asylum and\ncaused further displacement. Between July and September, over 3.4 million refugees,\ninternally displaced persons and members of host communities were affected by floods in\nBurkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, the Niger and Nigeria. In South Sudan, more than 1\nmillion people needed assistance following severe floods that took place in November. In\nPakistan, floods impacted around 33 million individuals, destroying and damaging homes,\nfarmland and livestock, affecting both refugees and host communities. In early 2023,\nearthquakes in the Syrian Arab Republic and T\u00fcrkiye took the lives of tens of thousands of\npeople, including refugees, and impacted millions, leaving many injured and without shelter.\nDrought was a driver and result of displacement in the Horn of Africa, with the region\nentering its fifth consecutive wet season with no rain. UNHCR is actively engaged in the\nresponse to disasters in vulnerable countries and communities, where refugees, internally\ndisplaced persons, stateless people and host communities are impacted. It is also helping to\nreduce risks by strengthening preparedness and building resilience, in line with its 2021\nStrategic Framework on Climate Action.\n\n\n26. UNHCR, development actors, humanitarian partners and international financial\ninstitutions, can leverage their expertise, analysis and financing to support stability and\nprogress in host communities, while ensuring access to protection and solutions. Effective\ninter-agency coordination is crucial to this endeavour. The Regional Refugee and Resilience\nPlan in response to the Syrian refugee crisis,co-led by UNHCR and the United Nations\nDevelopment Programme, ensures linkages between the humanitarian response and longerterm national strategies for inclusive growth and sustainable development. In the Americas,\nthe inter-agency coordination platform for refugees and migrants from Venezuela (Bolivarian\nRepublic of) launched its response plan for 2023-2024. The plan brings together over 200\npartners, implementing humanitarian, protection and socioeconomic activities for\nVenezuelan refugees and migrants and host communities. In Costa Rica, the Global\nConcessional Financing Facility, managed by the World Bank, provides funding to aid\ndevelopment projects, benefiting asylum-seekers, refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**A.** **Inclusion in national systems and economies and development action**\n\n\n27. The total number of displaced people continues to rise, with the majority displaced\nfor at least five years and in some of the poorest countries in the world. According to the\nWorld Bank, the majority are hosted in low and lower-middle income countries, where\neconomies are fragile with weak national services and heavily reliant on international\nassistance, and where laws are sometimes restrictive and face challenges to implementation.\nMany countries welcoming large numbers of refugees have seen a decline in living conditions\nfor both refugees and host communities. Displacement and statelessness are not only\nhumanitarian concerns but have longer-term development implications. Protection and\ndevelopment are, therefore, mutually interdependent and reinforcing.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "28. Longer-term development initiatives can encourage governments to build strong legal\nframeworks and develop fully inclusive policies and programmes. In line with its mandate,\nUNHCR supports accession to international and regional legal instruments, including the\n1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the withdrawal of reservations, and the adoption and\nimplementation of inclusive laws and policies to strengthen national systems and the\nprovision of services. Collaboration across the peace, humanitarian and development nexus\ncan help affected countries and communities avert and respond to crises and advance\nprotection and solutions, while stimulating economic growth and increasing the welfare of\nhost societies.\n\n\n29. Yet many countries have laws, policies and practices that exclude displaced and\nstateless people from accessing their rights. For instance, 44 per cent of contracting States\nhave reservations in place restricting the rights provided to refugees in the 1951 Convention\nand its 1967 Protocol. Approximately 70 per cent of refugees live in countries with legal\nrestrictions on their formal employment, where they are not allowed to open and operate\nbusinesses, cannot access land for agriculture and have limited freedom of movement. Even\nin countries with favourable laws and policies, challenges persist because of discrimination\nand a lack of awareness of the rights of refugees. As highlighted in the World Bank\u2019s May\n2023 World Development Report, this not only severely impacts the self-reliance of refugees,\nbut leads to missed opportunities to address the needs of the labour market. Acknowledging\nthe distinct rights and protection needs of refugees, alongside migrants, the report examines\nthe challenges and the significant and substantial opportunities in this area. These include the\nchance for States to harness the economic potential of refugees and migrants to address labour\nmarket shortages, including through recognizing their right to work and more far-sighted,\nstrategic responses to human mobility.\n\n\n30. Many low and middle-income countries made far reaching commitments in the\ncontext of the first Global Refugee Forum in 2019 and universal periodic reviews to improve\naccess to rights and include refugees in national systems and economies. However, sufficient\nand predictable long-term capacity and financing are required to implement these\ncommitments. While progress on inclusion in national systems, prior to the achievement of\ndurable solutions, has been made in numerous countries, these efforts are dependent upon\ncontributions channelled through UNHCR and other humanitarian actors.\n\n\n31. These issues were discussed at the High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection\nChallenges in December 2022, which took stock of progress achieved and challenges\nremaining for strengthening development cooperation across the cycle of displacement,\nfocusing on early action, inclusion and solutions. The Dialogue highlighted the potential of\nregional coordination mechanisms and frameworks. In December 2022, the Regional\nComprehensive Protection and Solutions Framework (known by its Spanish acronym\n\u201cMIRPS\u201d) in the Americas marked its fifth anniversary with the adoption of the Tegucigalpa\nDeclaration. This sought to reinforce national and local institutions and foster dialogue and\nactions for shared responsibility and regional solidarity. Strategic recommendations were\nmade and actions proposed to improve humanitarian-development cooperation and jointly\nimprove access to rights in law, policy and practice.\n\n\n**B.** **Access to services**\n\n\n32. Inclusive policies and practices can help ensure access to rights for people in\nvulnerable situations and with specific needs. Taking into account age, gender and diversity\nconsiderations, as well as specific needs, UNHCR promotes access to services for refugees,\ninternally displaced persons and stateless people, recognizing the need for effective\nresponsibility-sharing and support to host countries and communities. In Jordan and\nMauritania, UNHCR and the World Food Programme (WFP) embarked on a joint profiling\nand harmonized approach to assessing the welfare of vulnerable households. Financial\ninclusion was secured in Argentina, Brazil and Costa Rica through measures to provide\naccess to bank accounts. In Ecuador and Mexico, private companies were encouraged to\nemploy refugees, and in Chile, support was provided for skills training, while products and\nservices offered by refugees were commercialized through private sector partnerships. In\nColombia, almost 1.5 million Venezuelans received temporary protection permits, with an\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nadditional 500,000 having been biometrically registered, facilitating access to rights and\nsocioeconomic inclusion. Uganda\u2019s integrated refugee response serves as a model for the\nsocioeconomic inclusion of refugees in host communities, with many refugee settlements in\nthe country becoming indistinguishable from host communities.\n\n\n33. In responding to increasing food insecurity in some regions, UNHCR and WFP\ndeveloped joint programming to facilitate greater self-reliance. In four countries in Africa,\nKenya, Malawi, South Sudan and Zimbabwe, UNHCR initiated insect farming for food, feed\nand fertilizers to expand innovative, low-cost, green approaches that improve food security,\nemployment and income-generating opportunities for refugees and host communities.\n\n\n34. UNHCR is working with States and partners to open opportunities for inclusion, as\noutlined in its Strategy on Engagement with Development Actors. In the Congo (Republic\nof), UNHCR is supporting implementation of a social safety net project in Likouala and its\nexpansion in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire, in line with the Government\u2019s positive stance\ntowards inclusion and with funding from the World Bank\u2019s International Development\nAssociation refugee sub-window. The project provides thousands of refugees and host\ncommunity members with cash assistance and grants for income-generating activities. In\nMauritania, through an initiative involving UNHCR and several partners, refugee households\nhave been enrolled in the national social registry, receive regular cash transfers and are\neligible for primary health subsidies. In Colombia, the social and economic integration of\nVenezuelans with temporary protection was supported by development funding. In the\nRepublic of Moldova, UNHCR and partners are working with the Government to strengthen\ninclusion through social assistance and services, while reinforcing work opportunities.\n\n\n35. Inclusion facilitates the integration of displaced and stateless populations in their host\ncommunities, benefiting host societies and economies by addressing labour and skills\nshortages and contributing to tax revenues. The relocation of displaced populations in Mexico\nand Brazil to areas where they can access jobs, housing and education are positive examples\nin this regard.\n\n\n36. UNHCR advocates for the rights of displaced and stateless people with disabilities.\nThrough a global partnership with the International Disability Alliance, UNHCR engaged\nover 200 participants in global consultations to identify priority areas on disability inclusion\nfor 2023 and beyond. Guidance [4] was developed to help ensure the timely identification of\npeople with disabilities and a meaningful response. In Honduras, UNHCR collaborated with\nSave the Children, the Honduran Deaf Association and the Honduras Union of the Blind to\ndevelop training material on forced displacement for people with visual and hearing\nimpairments. Training was provided to UNHCR protection staff and disability inclusion focal\npoints in the Middle East and North Africa region, and in the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo, where practical tools were shared and the organization\u2019s training package on\ndisability inclusion was rolled out. [5]\n\n\n37. UNHCR employed community-based approaches to protection to ensure the enhanced\nparticipation of displaced and stateless people through cooperation with grass-roots refugeeled organizations, recognizing that community structures are often the first to respond to a\nhumanitarian crisis. Displaced and stateless women were also supported in community\nleadership and management structures. In Darfur, the Sudan, UNHCR provided communitybased structures with equipment and other resources to provide first-line support. In Malta,\nUNHCR supported community mobilization efforts against female genital mutilation.\nMultiple UNHCR operations reinforced community volunteer programmes, which facilitate\noutreach and the identification of people with specific needs.\n\n\n38. Initiatives to enhance community engagement through digital connectivity were\ncarried out in Chad, Mali and the Niger. In Europe, UNHCR launched a Regional Contact\nCentre that provided critical information to refugees from Ukraine in neighbouring countries.\nGlobally, UNHCR operated 93 Help.UNHCR.org websites, providing access to information\n\n\n4 UNHCR, \u201cGuidance: Identification of persons with disabilities at registration and\n\nother data collection efforts\u201d, available from https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079.\n5 Available from https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons\ndisabilities/strengthening-protection.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in 32 languages and receiving 14 million visits in 2022. In Afghanistan, assistance for Afghan\nwomen and girls was strengthened through the provision of psychosocial support, emergency\nshelter, community centres, schools and small business development activities. It is crucial\nto continue this support, in view of efforts to exclude girls from secondary education, ban\nwomen from attending university and prevent women staff members from the United Nations\nand partners from working to meet fundamental needs.\n\n\n39. UNHCR reinforced its support for organizations led by displaced and stateless people,\nin line with its localization agenda. It helped build the capacity of volunteers from displaced\ncommunities and strengthened community structures. In 2022, a simplified partnership\nagreement for grass-root organizations was put in place to facilitate their access to smallscale resources. In 2022, UNHCR established an advisory board with 16 member\norganizations led by refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless people to facilitate\nmeaningful engagement.\n\n\n**C.** **Child protection and education**\n\n\n40. Children account for 41 per cent of the world\u2019s displaced population. Over the past\nyear, complex protection risks for children persisted in the context of new emergencies and\nprotracted displacement. National child protection systems struggled to effectively respond\nto diverse protection challenges, and solutions in the best interest of the child remained\nlimited. Child protection risks included abuse, violence, neglect, exploitation, child labour\nand child marriage, family separation and lack of access to services and care. Children were\nalso impacted by the lack of birth registration and limited access to child-friendly asylum\nprocedures. These risks are often foreseeable and can be avoided through robust legal\nframeworks and institutional interventions from the outset of displacement.\n\n\n41. UNHCR and partners implemented child protection prevention and response\nprogrammes in over 70 countries, in order to strengthen national capacity, including\nprotection services for children at risk. As the gap between the protection needs of children\nand the financial resources provided continued to grow, UNHCR and partners were unable\nto provide key services in several countries. In Cameroon, for example, life skills\nprogrammes for adolescent boys and girls were scaled back, and the number of children with\ndisabilities who received support declined.\n\n\n42. States have the responsibility to protect children and establish child protection systems\nand policies to ensure their safety. UNHCR provided practical guidance on how to adapt\nexisting national child protection systems and services to respond to challenges in 47\noperations. The UNHCR-UNICEF Inclusion Toolkit on Refugee Children in National Child\nProtection Systems was used to assess the extent to which refugee children were included in\nnational child protection systems and to strengthen their accessibility and responsiveness.\nChild protection services for Ukrainian refugees were provided by the authorities in Hungary,\nPoland, the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia, including by adapting policies and\nprocedures, and 36 \u201cblue dot\u201d protection and support hubs were established across seven\ncountries.\n\n\n43. Under the Blueprint for Joint Action for Refugee Children, UNHCR and UNICEF\nstrengthened the inclusion of refugee children in national child protection systems, scaled up\nbirth registration, mitigate risks, including child marriage, respond to gender-based violence,\nand strengthened community-based child protection services in 10 country operations. In line\nwith its technical guidance on child-friendly procedures, UNHCR advanced reception,\nregistration, status determination and durable solutions for displaced children. Together with\npartners, it supported programmes to strengthen the resilience and life skills of children,\nfamilies and communities in 39 operations. In Mali, 22 child-friendly centres were supported,\nproviding life skills and recreational activities to over 14,500 children and offering\ninformation on child protection issues and services to 45,000 people.\n\n\n44. Education is vital to enable refugees to enjoy asylum through full participation in\nsociety. It helps children find purpose and shape their futures. Though progress has been\nmade in increasing access to primary education for refugee children, access to secondary\neducation and the retention of girls in school remain grossly inadequate. There have,\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nnevertheless, been some positive developments, including policy shifts that expanded\nopportunities for learning. In Mauritania, for example, refugees now have access to the\nnational curriculum. The inclusion of refugees in national education systems is more\nchallenging where resources are lacking. Predictable multi-year financing, benefiting refugee\nand host communities, is essential, particularly in lower and lower-middle income host\ncountries. Accelerated efforts are needed to meet the World Bank estimate of $4.85 billion a\nyear required to include all refugees in national systems, although there are promising\nexamples. In Kenya, policy shifts, including the new Refugee Act (2021) and the Marshall\nPlan for refugees to facilitate self-reliance and ease pressure on host communities, have\nattracted development financing, including from the World Bank and the Global Partnership\nfor Education, with limited money made available to support\ncamp-based schools.\n\n\n45. At the primary school level, UNHCR provided access to education for refugee\nchildren, with funding from Educate a Child. Since 2012, 1.4 million children have been\nenrolled in primary education, thanks to support from Educate A Child. This includes nearly\n23,000 children enrolled in Uganda in 2022. With refugee children insufficiently addressed\nin national education plans, programmes and budgets, Educate A Child also contributed in\ncrucial ways to meeting core education costs, including the improvement of infrastructure,\nconstruction, teacher compensation, training and materials. To promote physical and\npsychosocial well-being, social inclusion and cohesion in schools, the Sport for Protection\nprogramme was implemented in Chad, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda.\n\n\n46. In 2022, the Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative programme marked\n30 years of providing higher education and opportunities to refugee youth in 55 countries,\ntogether with over 30 national partners. The programme delivered scholarships to over 9,000\nstudents and enrolled students in over 700 higher education institutions, with a rise in female\nenrolment from 41 per cent to 43 per cent.\n\n\n47. Country-level advocacy resulted in access to higher education in Burundi, where a\npolicy was adopted to admit refugee students under the same fee structure as national\nstudents. A number of graduates of the Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative\nhave been admitted to master\u2019s degree programmes in France, Germany and Italy. Across the\nworld, working with various partners including the United Nations Education, Scientific and\nCultural Organization, the German Academic Exchange Service, the Connected Learning in\nCrisis Consortium, DuoLingo, Times Higher Education, Open Society University Network\nand the Tertiary Refugee Student Network, UNHCR is expanding higher education\nopportunities for refugees and advancing towards the goal of enabling 15 per cent of refugees\nto access tertiary education by 2023.\n\n\n**D.** **Protection from gender-based violence**\n\n\n48. Refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless people are at heightened risk of\ngender-based violence. The risks are compounded by deep-rooted, intersecting forms of\ndiscrimination, food insecurity and the effects of climate change. The impact of gender\ninequality should inform policies and multisectoral programmes to better prevent, respond to\nand mitigate the risk of gender-based violence. UNHCR continues to prioritize gender action\nand implement its policy on prevention, risk mitigation and response to gender-based\nviolence, together with the accompanying provisional gender-based violence policy\nmonitoring framework. Women-led organizations helped ensure the meaningful participation\nof displaced women, including in coordination mechanisms for the prevention of and\nresponse to gender-based violence. The 2022 Refugee-led Innovation Fund recognized seven\nwomen-led organizations for their outstanding work with displaced and stateless people.\n\n\n49. Increasing access to quality services for survivors of gender-based violence, remains\na priority. Services for survivors are available in many countries, though many do not have\nsufficient resources. In Jijiga, Ethiopia, UNHCR worked with the national Bureau of Women,\nYouth and Children Affairs to strengthen the quality of services for women affected by\ngender-based violence. UNHCR received funding from the Safe from the Start initiative,\nfunded by the United States of America, to deploy specialists focused on the prevention of\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\ngender-based violence to emergencies. Specialists were deployed to the Central African\nRepublic, Chile, Djibouti, Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Niger, Pakistan, Poland,\nthe Republic of Moldova, Somalia and the Syrian Arab Republic, reaching over 1 million\ndisplaced people through their outreach.\n\n\n50. UNHCR took steps to prevent violence against women by engaging communities in\naddressing harmful social norms and practices, implementing the \u201cEngaging men in\naccountable practices\u201d initiative in Indonesia, Iraq, Malaysia, Nigeria, South Sudan, the\nSyrian Arab Republic and Thailand.\n\n\n**E.** **Resettlement and complementary pathways**\n\n\n51. Resettlement, complementary pathways and family reunification provide\nlife-saving routes for refugees to enjoy asylum and find solutions, representing a tangible\ndemonstration of solidarity and burden- and responsibility-sharing. In 2022, a third country\nsolutions roadmap [6] was launched, reaffirming three mutually reinforcing goals: to expand\nresettlement; to advance complementary pathways and family reunification; and to build the\nfoundations for welcoming and inclusive societies. The roadmap aims to expand\nopportunities for third-country solutions to 3 million refugees through resettlement (1\nmillion) and complementary pathways (2 million) by 2030. While there are positive signs of\ncommitment from States and other stakeholders, achieving these targets remains a significant\nchallenge.\n\n\n52. Resettlement is considered a critical protection tool for refugees at risk. In 2022,\nsubmissions were up by 84 per cent compared to 2021, with expanded submissions for\nAfghans and Rohingya. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and events in Afghanistan\nand Ukraine strained processing capacity and affected objectives to increase resettlement.\n\n\n53. The implementation of measures to reunify separated refugee families must be a\npriority, in line with the right to family unity. UNHCR advocated family reunions in response\nto the emergency in Ukraine and following the earthquakes in the Syrian Arab Republic and\nT\u00fcrkiye. Notwithstanding the right to enjoy family life, administrative and practical\nobstacles, including lack of access to consulates, present barriers. UNHCR urges procedural\nflexibility, including remote processing and flexible documentation requirements. It acts as\nthe Secretariat of the global Family Reunification Network, which serves as a global platform\nfor cooperation and information-sharing. In 2022, the Network provided country situation\nupdates for Ethiopia, Pakistan and Sudan to inform partner engagement, and is currently\nmobilizing members around impactful pledges for the 2023 Global Refugee Forum to\nincrease family reunification in line with the Global Compact on Refugees.\n\n\n54. The momentum behind efforts to secure labour and education pathways continued,\nwith programmes launched in Belgium, France, Ireland the Republic of Korea and the United\nKingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, while tertiary education pathways were\nexpanded in Italy and Japan. The work of global task forces on education and labour mobility\npathways helped expand access to complementary pathways through engagement with a\nlarge community of practice, capacity-building efforts and the development of guidelines and\ntools.\n\n### **IV. Upholding the rights of internally displaced persons**\n\n\n55. People displaced inside their own countries by armed conflict, generalized\nviolence and human rights violations constituted the majority of displaced people globally in\n2022, an increase of 57.3 million. Safeguarding the rights and guarantees relevant to\nprotection against arbitrary displacement, ensuring protection and assistance during\ndisplacement, and finding solutions, are core elements of the work of UNHCR in situations\nof internal displacement and are in line with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.\n\n\n6 UNHCR, \u201cThird country solutions for refugees: Roadmap 2030\u201d, June 2022, available from\n\nhttps://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n56. The right to be protected from displacement continues to be undermined, including\ndue to violence, with the majority of situations where UNHCR works being in active conflict\nareas and characterized by recurrent violations of international humanitarian law, particularly\nagainst civilian populations. UNHCR promoted new guidance for States on making arbitrary\ndisplacement a crime, deterring and ending impunity, and promoting access to justice and\nsolutions. Addressing internal displacement remained among the Secretary-General\u2019s\npriorities in the context of the protection of civilians. UNHCR undertook global advocacy to\nreinforce these efforts, together with the United Nations Mine Action Service and the United\nNations Institute for Disarmament Research, focusing on the impact of urban warfare on\ndisplacement.\n\n\n57. UNHCR is engaged in situations of internal displacement in 33 countries where\ninternal displacement resulted from factors such as armed conflict, violence and human rights\nviolations, often in conditions where food insecurity and other vulnerabilities were\nexacerbated by climate change.\n\n\n58. UNHCR leads the Global Protection Cluster in 28 out of 32 protection cluster and\ncluster-like mechanisms, where it advocates the rights of internally displaced persons and\nresponds to the needs of 140 million in need of protection. In 2022, more than 280 partners\nworked in coordinated efforts around the centrality of protection, human rights, disability\ninclusion, law and policy, anti-trafficking, mental health and psychosocial support, cash for\nprotection and advocacy. In 2022, more than 2,000 people participated in the annual Global\nProtection Forum, which convened field coordinators, partners and key stakeholders to\ndiscuss contemporary and emerging protection challenges. The Global Protection Cluster\u2019s\ncampaign on access that protects led to the adoption of an agenda for change, which seeks to\nensure sustained quality access to protection.\n\n\n59. Together with the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced\nPersons, UNHCR co-leads the Protection Expert Group on Internally Displaced Persons, with\nparticipation from key experts including former Special Rapporteurs, Resident Coordinators\nand Humanitarian Coordinators, and thought leaders and academics from different\ndisciplines to provide senior-level advisory support to States on protection. The Protection\nExpert Group contributed to along-awaited law on internally displaced persons adopted by\nthe Congress in Honduras.\n\n\n60. Recognizing that national authorities have the primary duty and responsibility to\nprovide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction,\nUNHCR supported States to develop and implement national laws and policies on internal\ndisplacement. It supported advances in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Honduras, Mexico, Nigeria,\nthe Philippines and South Sudan. UNHCR also released its first global report on law and\npolicy on internal displacement _,_ offering a comprehensive picture of three decades of legal\nand policy developments and outlining obstacles and opportunities to concretely advance\nprotection and solutions in various countries. The challenges, nevertheless, remain\nformidable, including in Afghanistan, where UNHCR and partners are struggling to provide\nsupport to internally displaced women and girls because of restrictions on the presence of\nfemale staff. This complicates efforts to support returns, which many internally displaced\nAfghans hope to pursue with improvements in the security situation in some parts of the\ncountry. In situations where humanitarian access is limited, such as in Myanmar, UNHCR\nand partners have expanded cooperation with community-based organizations and faith\ngroups in order to reach internally displaced persons and deliver emergency assistance, while\npiloting cash assistance in support of transitional solutions led by internally displaced\npersons.\n\n\n61. States bear the primary duty and responsibility to establish conditions which permit\nsolutions, including by facilitating and ensuring the full participation of internally displaced\npersons. This includes measures to ensure that internally displaced persons can participate in\nelections, as participation is often hindered by residency and documentation requirements\nthat these populations cannot meet. Participation in electoral processes allows internally\ndisplaced persons to ensure their interests are represented and that they play a meaningful\npart in the community, exerting influence on politicians to address their displacement.\nUNHCR is a core member of the Steering Group on Solutions to Internal Displacement,\nwhich was formed to support implementation of the Secretary-General's Action Agenda on\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Internal Displacement and to drive increased action and a one-United Nations approach to\nsolutions. To build on efforts to advance solutions, UNHCR enhanced its support to United\nNations Resident Coordinators and cooperated with the International Monetary Fund on joint\nmacroeconomic engagement in response to internal displacement.\n\n### **V. The right to a nationality**\n\n\n62. Currently, data on 97 countries indicates that there are 4.4 million stateless\npeople or people with undetermined nationality, an increase of 91,000 people compared to\n2021. Millions of stateless people continue to be deprived of access to basic rights and\nservices, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Discrimination in nationality\nlaws and policies continues to be one of the main causes of statelessness, with little evidence\nof the political will to change such laws and policies in many countries. The continuing rise\nof xenophobia and ethno-nationalism threatens to create new situations of statelessness in\nseveral parts of the world, and the significant increase in forced displacement has put many\nmore at risk of statelessness. The conflict in Ukraine has starkly highlighted the vulnerable\nsituation in which stateless people find themselves, with reports that stateless people fleeing\nthe conflict have faced additional barriers when seeking safety due to their lack of nationality\nor lack of civil documentation. Many stateless people from Ukraine have not received the\nsame level of protection that is extended to other people fleeing the conflict.\n\n\n63. Notwithstanding the challenges, several States have made significant progress in\naddressing statelessness over the past year. Several have reformed laws and policies to\nrecognize stateless populations as nationals and grant women and men equal rights in passing\non nationality to their children. Further achievements concern the adoption and\nimplementation of a statelessness determination procedure, in line with the 1954 Convention\nrelating to the Status of Stateless Persons. This provides the means to determine statelessness\nclearly and consistently, ensuring stateless people receive protection and the ability to access\ntheir rights. Temporary protection or temporary stay arrangements can also be an important\nlegal basis to protect stateless people. In Portugal, the Government has been interpreting the\nEuropean Union Temporary Protection Directive in a flexible manner, extending temporary\nprotection to some categories of stateless people from Ukraine.\n\n\n64. To implement the recommendation to end statelessness in the\nSecretary- General\u2019s \u201cOur Common Agenda\u201d report, UNHCR commenced a process with\nstakeholders, including people affected by statelessness, to establish a Global Alliance to End\nStatelessness. This multistakeholder global alliance, with a planned launch in 2024, will build\non the concrete gains and momentum generated by the #IBelong Campaign and serve as a\nplatform to increase collective advocacy efforts, catalyse political commitments to address\nthe problem, and accelerate the implementation of concrete solutions to statelessness.\n\n\n65. With less than two years left of the #IBelong Campaign, UNHCR will continue its\nglobal work to address statelessness, including through support for the implementation of\npledges made at the Global Refugee Forum. As one of the High Commissioner's strategic\nfocus areas, UNHCR developed a new strategic plan to guide its work to prevent and respond\nto statelessness until 2026. Additionally, 28 priority operations have been selected for\namplified advocacy efforts and operational support. UNHCR is working with States to\ndevelop and implement national action plans to end statelessness. UNHCR also contributes\nto creating and strengthening networks of national and regional civil society organizations to\nfoster engagement with stateless people and civil society. To improve statistics on\nstatelessness, the United Nations Statistical Commission endorsed UNHCR\u2019s\nrecommendations to facilitate the production of statelessness statistics at the national level\nand promote greater harmonization of the data regionally and globally.\n\n### **VI. The right to return**\n\n\n66. People have the right to return to their own country, in safety and in dignity, and be\ngranted the full set of rights and privileges to which they are entitled as nationals. Voluntary\nrepatriation undertaken in conditions of safety and dignity is the only traditional durable\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nsolution anchored in international human rights law. UNHCR maintains its legal\nresponsibility for the protection and assistance of refugees and mandated interest in the\nconsequences of their return, regardless of whether refugees are repatriating with its\nassistance or in a self-organized manner.\n\n\n67. In recent years, many returns take place in adverse circumstances and are largely selforganized, with relatively little predictable support. Return in such conditions occur when\nrefugees find themselves in a precarious situation in their host country, with limited\nalternative solutions. Return to a country of origin, where conflict remains unresolved and\nconditions are uncertain and unstable, is not considered a durable solution.\n\n\n68. Ongoing instability in many countries, including in Afghanistan and Myanmar, are\nhindering voluntary return. Nonetheless, UNHCR and partners have continued to make gains\nin the priority areas of return and reintegration in Afghanistan, providing access to health\ncare, education and livelihoods. Regarding Myanmar, a comprehensive regional approach\nseeks to expand solutions for Rohingya refugees and maintain support for host countries. It\nfocuses on safeguarding the right to return and creating the conditions for voluntary, safe\ndignified and sustainable repatriation, while expanding third country solutions and\nstrengthening the resilience of refugees through education, skills development and\nlivelihoods. UNHCR collaborates closely with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations\nand other regional actors, as well as with the Special Envoy of the\nSecretary-General on Myanmar to help find lasting solutions. In June 2022, the application\nof the cessation clauses for Ivorian refugees came into effect, following the peaceful\nresolution of two decades of civil conflict in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Ivorians with ongoing\ninternational protection needs have the opportunity to request an exemption from cessation.\n\n\n69. Following the formal end of conflict, re-establishment in the country of origin is often\nchallenging due to unaddressed root causes of the conflict, overstretched services and the\nlack of livelihood opportunities. The situation in Burundi highlights some of these challenges.\nWhile since 2017, UNHCR and partners have facilitated the voluntary repatriation of more\nthan 207,000 Burundian refugees, as the conditions in Burundi have improved, increased\nsupport is needed from development actors to expand access to services and livelihoods in\nthe communities where returnees need to be reintegrated into national and, as relevant, United\nNations development plans and initiatives.\n\n### **VII. Conclusion**\n\n\n70. As the international community marks the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Universal\nDeclaration on Human Rights, it is an important moment to recall the value of the\ninternational human rights framework. It is also time to reassert and reinforce its key\nprinciples, including the right to seek and enjoy asylum and the right to protection against\narbitrary displacement. Persecution, violence and human rights violations compel many\npeople to flee their homes, communities and countries, including in recently emerging\nconflicts that have seized the world\u2019s attention. These factors also prevent millions of others\nfrom being able to return home. This underscores the need for access to rights in host\ncountries and redoubled efforts to achieve solutions, supported by effective burden- and\nresponsibility-sharing among States. While mixed movements add to the scale and\ncomplexity of displacement challenges, they also bring to the fore the critical importance of\nresponses to global mobility that reflect human rights. As UNHCR, States and other\nstakeholders, including refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless people as equal\npartners, look ahead to the second Global Refugee Forum, the commitment to rights needs to\nbe reflected in more effective action, which brings about positive change to the lives of those\nin need of protection.\n\n\n_________________\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c1a87e54-bb2e-4d94-9163-9058c307faf3/G2314713.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_407/raw/doc_407_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_407/raw/doc_407_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dccb73e32ee2ed209316e99c2b120ffe5be1540e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_407/raw/doc_407_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Nations Unies A/AC.96/74/3\n\nDistr. g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\n# **Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n19 juillet 2023\n\n\nOriginal : anglais et fran\u00e7ais\n\n\n**Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif du Programme**\n**du Haut-Commissaire**\n**Soixante-quatorzi\u00e8me session**\n**9\u201313 octobre 2023**\nPoint 4 a) de l\u2019ordre du jour provisoire\n**Examen des rapports sur les travaux du Comit\u00e9 permanent**\n**Protection internationale**\n\n## **Note sur la protection internationale**\n\n### **Note du Haut-Commissaire**\n\n\n_R\u00e9sum\u00e9_\n\n\nDepuis trois quarts de si\u00e8cle que la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme a \u00e9t\u00e9\nadopt\u00e9e, le droit de demander l\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir, consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019article 14 et qui est l\u2019un des\npremiers principes de droits humains, demeure insaisissable pour beaucoup de personnes\nforc\u00e9es de fuir les conflits et les pers\u00e9cutions. La pr\u00e9sente note examine les progr\u00e8s accomplis\ndans la garantie des droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des demandeurs d\u2019asile, des rapatri\u00e9s, des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes et des apatrides, ainsi que les principaux obstacles rencontr\u00e9s pendant la p\u00e9riode\nallant de juillet 2022 \u00e0 juin 2023. Elle analyse le paysage de la protection, notamment dans\nles crises oubli\u00e9es et les situations prolong\u00e9es de d\u00e9placement, et met en lumi\u00e8re les efforts\nfournis pour faciliter les solutions en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n\nLa note d\u00e9crit les efforts compl\u00e9mentaires fournis par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations\nUnies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et ses partenaires pour renforcer la r\u00e9ponse aux mouvements mixtes\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de migrants, afin de contribuer \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre du Pacte mondial sur les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et du Pacte mondial pour des migrations s\u00fbres, ordonn\u00e9es et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Elle invite\nles \u00c9tats et les autres parties prenantes \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer des engagements concrets et significatifs\npour le Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2023, en cr\u00e9ant des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019inclusion, de\nd\u00e9veloppement, d\u2019\u00e9ducation et dans d\u2019autres principaux domaines n\u00e9cessitant de l\u2019appui et\ndes investissements. Elle \u00e9nonce les besoins des personnes expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques accrus,\nnotamment des personnes en situation de handicap, des femmes et des enfants, ainsi que des\npersonnes ayant surv\u00e9cu aux violences li\u00e9es au genre.\n\n\nLa note conclut que beaucoup trop de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides ne sont pas en mesure\nde jouir de leurs droits, et que le HCR, les gouvernements et les partenaires doivent redoubler\nd\u2019efforts, en travaillant avec les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides, pour garantir ces droits\ndans la pratique.\n\n\nGE.23-13632 (F)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n### **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. Cette ann\u00e9e marque le soixante-quinzi\u00e8me anniversaire de la D\u00e9claration universelle\ndes droits de l\u2019homme, qui est la base du cadre juridique international moderne de protection\ndes droits humains. Adopt\u00e9e en 1948 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies, cette\nD\u00e9claration consid\u00e8re que la dignit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente et les droits \u00e9gaux et inali\u00e9nables de tous les\nmembres de la famille humaine constituent le fondement de la libert\u00e9, de la justice et de la\npaix dans le monde (pr\u00e9ambule, paragraphe 1). Ce document historique a exprim\u00e9 pour la\npremi\u00e8re fois, dans un instrument multilat\u00e9ral important, le droit des personnes de demander\nl\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir, afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la pers\u00e9cution, ainsi que leurs droits de quitter leur\npropre pays et d\u2019y retourner (articles 13 et 14).\n\n\n2. Le droit de demander l\u2019asile exige que les gens puissent, en droit et dans la pratique,\navoir acc\u00e8s aux moyens de : solliciter la protection internationale en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; voir leurs\nbesoins de protection internationale \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9s dans le cadre de proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile justes et\nefficaces ; et d\u2019\u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s de l\u2019expulsion vers un territoire o\u00f9 ils seraient expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des\nrisques r\u00e9els de pers\u00e9cution ou de graves atteintes. Le droit de jouir de l\u2019asile permet aux\ngens ayant besoin de protection internationale d\u2019exercer leurs droits dans la dignit\u00e9, sans faire\nl\u2019objet d\u2019aucune forme de discrimination, qu\u2019ils soient inclus et qu\u2019ils puissent participer \u00e0\nla vie de leur soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019accueil, notamment \u00e0 la vie \u00e9conomique nationale et \u00e0 d\u2019autres\nsyst\u00e8mes. Le droit au rapatriement tient compte des relations entre les personnes et leur pays\nd'origine. Dans le contexte des d\u00e9placements, il permet de veiller \u00e0 ce que les personnes ayant\nfui puissent retourner dans leur pays d\u2019origine, en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dans la dignit\u00e9, mettant ainsi fin\n\u00e0 leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9.\n\n\n3. La D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme fournit la base \u00e0 la Convention de\n1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Convention de 1951) et au d\u00e9veloppement du droit\ninternational relatif aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux droits de l'homme, d'une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Par ces\ninstruments, le droit de demander l\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir a acquis de la substance et du contenu,\navec notamment la garantie pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des droits civils et politiques, ainsi que des\ndroits sociaux et culturels. Dans ce contexte, la note examine le lien entre le d\u00e9placement et\nla jouissance des principaux droits humains, dans le cadre des d\u00e9veloppements dans le monde\naffectant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les apatrides pendant la p\u00e9riode allant de juillet\n2022 \u00e0 juin 2023. Sans qu\u2019elle ne repr\u00e9sente n\u00e9cessairement les opinions de tous les \u00c9tats\nmembres du Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif, la note a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations\nUnies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le cadre des responsabilit\u00e9s qui lui incombent en vertu de son\nmandat.\n\n\n4. L\u2019intensit\u00e9 et la pr\u00e9valence des conflits et des violences dans le monde augmentent,\ntandis que les crises humanitaires gagnent en ampleur et en complexit\u00e9. Les civils en payent\nle plus lourd tribut et se d\u00e9placent en grand nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es en ann\u00e9e. En 2022, le HautCommissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) a fait face \u00e0 35 situations d\u2019urgence\ndans 25 pays marqu\u00e9s par des conflits, des violences, la mont\u00e9e de l\u2019inflation, des p\u00e9nuries\nalimentaires, souvent exacerb\u00e9s par les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s existantes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, aux\nin\u00e9galit\u00e9s entre les sexes et \u00e0 la discrimination pour divers motifs, ainsi qu\u2019aux effets du\nchangement climatique et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement. En 2022, le conflit en Ukraine\na domin\u00e9 l\u2019actualit\u00e9, attirant l\u2019attention sur les besoins de protection internationale des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fuyant le pays et sur la situation des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Plus r\u00e9cemment, la crise au\nSoudan a mis en lumi\u00e8re la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour la communaut\u00e9 internationale d\u2019accorder une plus\ngrande attention et des ressources en temps voulu aux crises en cours et aux situations\nprolong\u00e9es dans beaucoup de r\u00e9gions du monde.\n\n\n5. Les \u00c9tats proches des pays en crise continuent de supporter le plus lourd fardeau et\nd\u2019assumer les plus grandes responsabilit\u00e9s pour l\u2019aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En d\u00e9pit de leurs efforts,\nun certain nombre de facteurs peuvent conduire \u00e0 des mouvements secondaires. Quelquefois,\nles personnes ayant besoin de protection internationale traversent les fronti\u00e8res \u00e0 la recherche\nde la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, mais se retrouvent dans des situations tout autant difficiles. Les violences,\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les tensions intercommunautaires, associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019absence de services essentiels\net de possibilit\u00e9s de moyens d\u2019existence peuvent contraindre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 poursuivre leur\nd\u00e9placement. Les cons\u00e9quences d\u2019un partage insuffisant de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s\nentre les \u00c9tats et l\u2019absence de solution viable peuvent contraindre les gens \u00e0 entreprendre des\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "voyages p\u00e9rilleux, entre les mains de passeurs et de trafiquants, souvent pour subir des\nviolations de droits de l\u2019homme en route et se voir refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e aux fronti\u00e8res.\n\n\n6. Si beaucoup d\u2019\u00c9tats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de ramener les taux d\u2019infection au virus de la\nCOVID-19 \u00e0 des niveaux g\u00e9rables et de fournir un traitement ad\u00e9quat, des pr\u00e9occupations\nsur la sant\u00e9 publique ont continu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre soulev\u00e9es dans certains pays pour justifier les\nrestrictions d\u2019entr\u00e9e et refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019asile. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soulev\u00e9es en d\u00e9pit de la\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies efficaces de gestion des arriv\u00e9es et de protection de la sant\u00e9\npublique, mises en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s dans beaucoup d\u2019endroits. Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n\u00e9coul\u00e9e, il y a eu beaucoup de discours politiques n\u00e9fastes, de politiques et pratiques visant\n\u00e0 emp\u00eacher les arriv\u00e9es et les mouvements irr\u00e9guliers, sans qu\u2019il y ait de garanties suffisantes\npour assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019asile pour ceux qui en ont besoin.\n\n\n7. Pour faire face \u00e0 la situation actuelle de d\u00e9placement dans le monde, une plus grande\nvolont\u00e9 politique et des investissements \u00e9conomiques sont n\u00e9cessaires pour mettre fin au\ncycle de violence, assurer la stabilit\u00e9 et r\u00e9tablir la primaut\u00e9 du droit, et mettre en place des\ncadres solides de protection des droits humains dans les pays affect\u00e9s. De telles mesures, et\nnon les politiques restrictives de gestion des fronti\u00e8res et des migrations, sont n\u00e9cessaires\npour emp\u00eacher efficacement les d\u00e9placements et mettre en place les conditions d\u2019un retour\ns\u00fbr et durable. Il faut plus de possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation, de voies compl\u00e9mentaires, ainsi\nque d\u2019int\u00e9gration locale pour \u00e9largir les solutions et am\u00e9liorer le partage de la charge et des\nresponsabilit\u00e9s.\n\n\n8. Conform\u00e9ment au Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des partenariats solides doivent \u00eatre\nrenforc\u00e9s, notamment avec les \u00c9tats, les partenaires des Nations Unies, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, les\nrepr\u00e9sentants des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es, les partenaires du d\u00e9veloppement, les institutions\nfinanci\u00e8res internationales et le secteur priv\u00e9. Ces partenariats doivent \u00eatre orient\u00e9s vers la\nprotection, la garantie des droits et les solutions, dans un esprit de solidarit\u00e9 et de partage\neffectif de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des politiques remettant en cause les\ndroits humains, notamment le droit de demander l\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir.\n\n\n9. L\u2019accent mis sur le caract\u00e8re crucial du travail en partenariat transpara\u00eet dans le\nProgramme d\u2019action du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur les d\u00e9placements internes. Ce programme\nreconna\u00eet que, pour assurer un changement durable dans le contexte des d\u00e9placements\ninternes, il faut non seulement une r\u00e9ponse humanitaire solide, mais aussi une plus grande\ncollaboration entre les acteurs \u00e0 travers le syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies et au-del\u00e0, en particulier\nles acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement, de paix et du climat.\n\n### **II. Le droit de demander l\u2019asile** **A. Mouvements mixtes**\n\n\n10. Les personnes en qu\u00eate de protection internationale continuent de traverser les\nfronti\u00e8res aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019autres personnes qui se d\u00e9placent pour diverses raisons, souvent sur\ndes itin\u00e9raires similaires, expos\u00e9es aux m\u00eames risques. La multiplication des d\u00e9placements\nde population a suscit\u00e9 d\u2019importantes initiatives visant \u00e0 mieux r\u00e9pondre aux flux mixtes de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de migrants. La gestion de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n\u00e9cessite une approche globale et de\ncollaboration, ainsi que des investissements dans le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s, la mise en\nplace de syst\u00e8mes efficaces de gestion des migrations et de l\u2019asile, l\u2019appui \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration, des\ninitiatives de d\u00e9veloppement et des partenariats innovants.\n\n\n11. Les r\u00e9ponses doivent se baser sur un meilleur engagement en faveur des obligations\njuridiques internationales et de la coop\u00e9ration fond\u00e9e sur la solidarit\u00e9 et le partage de la\ncharge et des responsabilit\u00e9s. Le maintien et l\u2019\u00e9largissement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019asile, \u00e0 travers les\npays et les r\u00e9gions, sont primordiaux. Ils doivent \u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des initiatives cibl\u00e9es\npermettant de renforcer le syst\u00e8me d\u2019asile et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les solutions dans les r\u00e9gions\nd\u2019origine et le long des principales voies. En collaboration avec ses partenaires, le HCR a\nintensifi\u00e9 les efforts pour am\u00e9liorer la protection et les solutions dans le contexte des\nmouvements mixtes et secondaires. Il continuera de travailler dans cette direction.\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n12. Il n\u2019est ni possible ni justifi\u00e9 d\u2019arr\u00eater tous les mouvements de population.\nConsid\u00e9rant que les migrants et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de voir leurs droits\n\u00eatre respect\u00e9s, le HCR et l\u2019Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) ont conclu\nen fin 2022 un cadre d\u2019engagement qui met l'accent sur le renforcement des r\u00e9ponses\nconjointes aux mouvements mixtes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de migrants, les solutions durables pour les\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les donn\u00e9es. Les deux organisations se sont engag\u00e9es \u00e0 entreprendre en\ncommun des analyses et des plaidoyers, ainsi que des plans et r\u00e9ponses conjoints, lorsqu\u2019il\nle faut. Des interventions cibl\u00e9es de programme seront men\u00e9es, en fonction des donn\u00e9es\ncoordonn\u00e9es et de la gestion de l\u2019information.\n\n\n13. Au Nig\u00e9ria, les deux organisations ont communiqu\u00e9 en commun avec des\ncommunaut\u00e9s sur les risques de protection en route. Au Cameroun et au Gabon, elles ont\nsoutenu le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des autorit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res locales. Afin de faire face\naux risques et de renforcer les droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des migrants, le HCR a lanc\u00e9 un appel\npour la mise en \u0153uvre compl\u00e9mentaire du Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et du Pacte mondial\npour des migrations s\u00fbres, ordonn\u00e9es et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, notamment par des engagements au\nForum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2023.\n\n\n14. Les cas tragiques en route, avec des pertes en vies humaines chez les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\nmigrants, ont persist\u00e9 notamment en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale, dans la mer d\u2019Andaman, le golfe\nde Bengale et le Dari\u00e9n. Pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par l\u2019insuffisance de la capacit\u00e9 de recherche et de\nsauvetage et conscient de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un d\u00e9barquement s\u00fbr et en temps voulu des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net migrants secourus, le HCR a salu\u00e9 les efforts fournis par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne pour g\u00e9rer\nles mouvements mixtes \u00e0 travers la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e centrale, notamment par un plan d\u2019action\net des mesures op\u00e9rationnelles. Il a aussi salu\u00e9 les efforts fournis pendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e\npour faire face \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de 360 % des mouvements secondaires de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s Rohingya\ndans la mer d\u2019Andaman et le golfe de Bengale, notamment l\u2019activation en avril 2023 du\ndeuxi\u00e8me M\u00e9canisme de consultation du Processus de Bali. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des\nd\u00e9parts par mer, l\u2019OIM, le HCR et l'Office de secours et de travaux des Nations Unies pour\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Palestine dans le Proche-Orient ont exhort\u00e9 les \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers \u00e0 renforcer les\ncapacit\u00e9s de recherche et de sauvetage et \u00e0 garantir la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 dans l\u2019identification\nd\u2019endroits s\u00fbrs de d\u00e9barquement. D\u2019autres mesures sont n\u00e9cessaires pour traiter les causes\nprofondes de ces mouvements, et les \u00c9tats sont exhort\u00e9s \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux voies l\u00e9gales\ns\u00fbres ainsi qu\u2019aux alternatives viables aux voyages dangereux, conform\u00e9ment au principe du\npartage de la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**B.** **Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019asile**\n\n\n15. Les syst\u00e8mes nationaux d\u2019asile de certains pays peinent \u00e0 tenir face \u00e0 l\u2019accroissement\ndu nombre de demandes d\u2019asile. Si certains \u00c9tats ont \u0153uvr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9largissement de leur capacit\u00e9\nde traiter les cas en attente et de recevoir les personnes en qu\u00eate d\u2019asile, d\u2019autres ont r\u00e9agi en\nessayant de fermer leurs fronti\u00e8res et de refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile, ou de se\nd\u00e9rober \u00e0 leurs responsabilit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues par le droit international en transf\u00e9rant les demandeurs\nd\u2019asile \u00e0 des pays tiers, malgr\u00e9 les conditions d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019inad\u00e9quation des cadres de\nprotection. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019il y a eu dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du monde la violation du principe\nde non-refoulement, notamment par des expulsions arbitraires et des renvois violents ou des\nd\u00e9viations aux fronti\u00e8res. Il est rappel\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats leur obligation de respecter le principe de\nnon-refoulement qui est essentiel au droit de solliciter et d\u2019obtenir l\u2019asile. Articul\u00e9 dans la\nConvention de 1951 et d\u2019autres instruments relatifs aux droits de l\u2019homme, et constituant une\nnorme du droit international coutumier, le non-refoulement doit \u00eatre garanti par des mesures\nd\u00e9cisives emp\u00eachant l\u2019expulsion des gens vers des pays o\u00f9 ils risquent de subir de graves\natteintes.\n\n\n16. Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019asile forts et de solides m\u00e9canismes d\u2019identification des besoins de\nprotection internationale demeurent essentiels \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats d\u2019assurer la protection\ndes personnes en qu\u00eate de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en cas de conflit ou de pers\u00e9cution. Ces \u00c9tats doivent\nveiller \u00e0 ce que tous les civils fuyant les violences et les pers\u00e9cutions b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'un acc\u00e8s\nnon discriminatoire au territoire, re\u00e7oivent la protection internationale et soient en mesure de\njouir des droits essentiels, ind\u00e9pendamment de leur nationalit\u00e9, de leur race, de leur\nappartenance ethnique, religieuse ou politique, de leur orientation sexuelle ou identit\u00e9 de\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "genre, ou de tout autre motif. La fin des mesures de restriction de voyage li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID19 dans beaucoup de pays, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux \u00e9v\u00e9nements ayant produit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u2013\ncomme le conflit arm\u00e9 en cours en Ukraine et la situation en Afghanistan \u2013 a provoqu\u00e9 en\n2022 une augmentation vertigineuse du nombre de demandes d\u2019asile. Ainsi, beaucoup d\u2019\u00c9tats\nont renforc\u00e9 leur proc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile afin de maximiser la protection assur\u00e9e aux personnes en\nqu\u00eate de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Certains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure d\u2019accroitre leur efficacit\u00e9 par des approches de\ngroupe _prima facie_ de reconnaissance des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine\npour des arriv\u00e9es du Soudan du Sud et au B\u00e9nin pour des arriv\u00e9es du Burkina Faso. Le HCR\na aid\u00e9 des \u00c9tats \u00e0 mettre au point des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019asile justes et efficaces et \u00e0 adopter des lois\net politiques nationales conformes aux normes juridiques internationales. Le B\u00e9nin et le\nS\u00e9n\u00e9gal ont adopt\u00e9 de nouvelles lois conformes, dans une large mesure, aux normes\njuridiques r\u00e9gionales et internationales. Ils ont garanti aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s beaucoup de droits,\ncomme le droit \u00e0 l\u2019asile et \u00e0 la protection contre le refoulement, et ont favoris\u00e9 des solutions\nen facilitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019emploi, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, aux biens, \u00e0 la documentation et, dans certains\ncas, \u00e0 la naturalisation.\n\n\n17. Certains \u00c9tats ont par ailleurs eu recours \u00e0 des mesures pratiques pour compl\u00e9ter le\nr\u00e9gime d\u2019asile. En R\u00e9publique islamique d'Iran, une op\u00e9ration de d\u00e9nombrement a permis \u00e0\n2,6 millions d'Afghans d'obtenir des pi\u00e8ces temporaires. Dans les Am\u00e9riques, les\nV\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens ayant besoin de protection internationale continuent de jouir de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019asile,\nde la protection temporaire et de la r\u00e9gularisation, notamment en Argentine, en Colombie, en\nR\u00e9publique dominicaine, en \u00c9quateur, au P\u00e9rou et en Uruguay. Le Br\u00e9sil a prorog\u00e9 sa\npolitique de visa humanitaire et de protection temporaire pour les Ha\u00eftiens, et le Costa Rica\na appliqu\u00e9 l\u2019arrangement sp\u00e9cial de s\u00e9jour temporaire pour des raisons humanitaires en\nfaveur de certaines personnes originaires de Cuba, du Nicaragua et du Venezuela\n(R\u00e9publique bolivarienne du), dont la demande d\u2019asile avait \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e, sans qu\u2019elles soient\nen mesure de retourner chez elles. Belize a entrepris un programme d\u2019amnistie pour les\n\u00e9trangers sans pi\u00e8ces, comme les demandeurs d\u2019asile, leur ouvrant ainsi la voie \u00e0 la r\u00e9sidence\npermanente. Des Ukrainiens ont continu\u00e9 de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la protection temporaire dans le\ncadre de la directive de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, ainsi que des syst\u00e8mes nationaux de protection\n\u00e0 travers l\u2019Europe et au-del\u00e0. Ces m\u00e9canismes sont indispensables pour assurer la protection\ndans le cadre des d\u00e9placements \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et du conflit en cours.\n\n\n18. Une \u00e9valuation ind\u00e9pendante du travail du HCR \u00e0 l\u2019appui du d\u00e9veloppement de la\ncapacit\u00e9 d\u2019asile [1] ~~,~~ publi\u00e9e en 2022, fait un certain nombre de recommandations majeures,\nnotamment que l\u2019organisation r\u00e9vise et \u00e9largisse sa strat\u00e9gie et ses orientations dans ce\ndomaine et adopte une approche plus strat\u00e9gique orient\u00e9e vers les performances. Le HCR est\nengag\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir plus efficacement les \u00c9tats dans le cadre de la r\u00e9ponse de l\u2019administration\n\u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation. Cela suppose l\u2019\u00e9laboration en consultation \u00e9troite avec les \u00c9tats d\u2019une\nstrat\u00e9gie quinquennale de d\u00e9veloppement de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019asile devant d\u00e9terminer dans les\nann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir l\u2019engagement de l\u2019organisation dans ce domaine.\n\n\n19. Le HCR a publi\u00e9 des orientations pour aider les \u00c9tats \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions sur les\ndemandes d\u2019asile, en particulier par la fourniture d\u2019orientations de pays. Il a publi\u00e9 sa position\nsur les retours en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo et au Soudan, des consid\u00e9rations sur\nla protection internationale au Nicaragua et en Somalie et des orientations de pays sur\nl\u2019Afghanistan [2] [. Afin de le rendre plus facile \u00e0 utiliser, le HCR r\u00e9am\u00e9nage son site Internet](https://www.refworld.org/docid/61d851cd4.html)\n_Refworld_ qui met \u00e0 la disposition des d\u00e9cideurs et d\u2019autres parties prenantes des informations\nsur la politique et le droit.\n\n\n20. Dans plus de 50 pays o\u00f9 il proc\u00e8de \u00e0 la d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en vertu de\nson mandat, le HCR a continu\u00e9 d'am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et l'efficacit\u00e9 de ses proc\u00e9dures. En\ntraitant en 2022 plus de 91 000 demandes individuelles, il a renforc\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 de son\npersonnel \u00e0 traiter des types particuliers de demandes et \u00e0 travailler avec des personnes ayant\ndes besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, comme les enfants et les personnes ayant des besoins li\u00e9s \u00e0 leur sant\u00e9\nmentale.\n\n\n1 HCR, _UNHCR Asylum Capacity Development Evaluation_, disponible \u00e0\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation)\n[2 Disponible \u00e0 https://www.refworld.org/.](https://www.refworld.org/)\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n21. Au Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2019, beaucoup d\u2019\u00c9tats se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0\nam\u00e9liorer leur syst\u00e8me d\u2019asile et \u00e0 aider d\u2019autres pays \u00e0 le faire. Toutefois, beaucoup\nd\u2019engagements dans ce domaine attendent encore d\u2019\u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s. La demande d\u00e9passe de\nloin l\u2019offre en mati\u00e8re d\u2019appui \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019asile. Au Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de\n2023, les \u00c9tats sont exhort\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u2019engager de nouveau en faveur des principes fondamentaux\nde protection et \u00e0 prendre dans ce domaine des engagements concrets et ex\u00e9cutables. Le HCR\na soutenu la mise en \u0153uvre des engagements li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019asile et, en particulier, des initiatives du\nGroupe d\u2019appui \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019asile. Le portail en ligne de ce Groupe contient les bonnes\npratiques utiles pour l'\u00e9laboration de nouveaux engagements. En r\u00e9ponse aux appels lanc\u00e9s\npour que le Groupe d\u2019appui \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019asile joue un r\u00f4le plus actif d\u2019animateur en la\nmati\u00e8re, une plateforme de dialogue [3] a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n### **III. Le droit de jouir de l\u2019asile**\n\n\n22. Depuis que la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e, le droit de\ndemander l\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir a pris corps dans les cadres du droit international relatif aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et du droit international relatif aux droits de l\u2019homme, et d\u2019autres branches\npertinentes du droit. La D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme et d\u2019autres\nd\u00e9veloppements juridiques subs\u00e9quents ont fourni aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s un \u00e9ventail de droits,\nnotamment les droits socio-\u00e9conomiques ainsi que les droits civils et politiques. Pour garantir\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019asile et veiller \u00e0 sa jouissance effective, une approche centr\u00e9e sur l\u2019humain est\nn\u00e9cessaire, compte tenu de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un respect inconditionnel de la dignit\u00e9 et des droits\nhumains. Si les d\u00e9fis existent, notamment avec les violences li\u00e9es au genre, la x\u00e9nophobie,\nla r\u00e9cession \u00e9conomique, les possibilit\u00e9s limit\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re socio\u00e9conomique et les\ncatastrophes, les avanc\u00e9es enregistr\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re d\u2019inclusion et la multiplication des\npossibilit\u00e9s de solution au cours de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont permis \u00e0 beaucoup de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nde mieux jouir de l\u2019asile et des droits qui l\u2019accompagnent.\n\n\n23. La stigmatisation, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et la marginalisation peuvent emp\u00eacher les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides de jouir des droits qui leur sont reconnus par le droit international. Il\nest donc essentiel de pr\u00e9venir et de lutter contre toutes les formes de discrimination. Le HCR\ntravaille avec ses partenaires pour veiller \u00e0 ce que les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides\npuissent participer \u00e0 la vie \u00e9conomique et sociale o\u00f9 elles r\u00e9sident, et qu\u2019elles puissent avoir,\ncomme il se doit, acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des syst\u00e8mes s\u00fbrs, non discriminatoires et\ninclusifs.\n\n\n24. Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e, l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la lenteur de la croissance \u00e9conomique ont\nlimit\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9, et quelquefois la volont\u00e9 des \u00c9tats de soutenir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes et les apatrides de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 pr\u00e9server leurs droits. Bon nombre ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9s\ndans la pauvret\u00e9, surtout dans les lieux o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s au travail et \u00e0 d\u2019autres sources de\nsubsistance \u00e9tait limit\u00e9. S\u2019il est \u00e9tabli qu\u2019\u00e0 long terme les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent contribuer\npositivement au d\u00e9veloppement de leur pays d\u2019accueil, leur pr\u00e9sence peut avoir un impact\nsignificatif \u00e0 court terme sur les \u00e9conomies locales, avec notamment la mont\u00e9e des prix des\ndenr\u00e9es alimentaires. Ainsi, une augmentation de la rh\u00e9torique anti-r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des violences et\ndes d\u00e9placements a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans certains pays d\u2019accueil, surtout ceux faisant d\u00e9j\u00e0 face\n\u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s.\n\n\n25. Dans bon nombre de pays, des catastrophes ont affect\u00e9 en 2022 la capacit\u00e9 des\npersonnes \u00e0 jouir de l\u2019asile, provoquant de ce fait d\u2019autres d\u00e9placements. Entre juillet et\nseptembre 2022, plus de 3,4 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et de membres de\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9s par des inondations au Burkina Faso, au Cameroun,\nau Tchad, au Mali, au Niger et au Nig\u00e9ria. Au Soudan du Sud, plus d\u2019un million de personnes\nont eu besoin d\u2019assistance \u00e0 la suite de graves inondations ayant eu lieu en novembre. Au\nPakistan, les inondations ont touch\u00e9 environ 33 millions de personnes, d\u00e9truisant et\nendommageant des maisons, des champs et du b\u00e9tail, et affectant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. En d\u00e9but 2023, le tremblement de terre ayant frapp\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique\narabe syrienne et la T\u00fcrkiye a provoqu\u00e9 la mort de dizaines de milliers de personnes, dont\n\n\n3 Pour plus d\u2019informations sur la Plateforme de dialogue, aller \u00e0 https://acsg-portal.org/wp\n[content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf.](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et en a affect\u00e9 des millions, laissant bon nombre bless\u00e9s et sans-abri. La\ns\u00e9cheresse a \u00e9t\u00e9 une cause et une cons\u00e9quence des d\u00e9placements dans la Corne de l\u2019Afrique,\nla r\u00e9gion \u00e9tant entr\u00e9e dans sa cinqui\u00e8me saison cons\u00e9cutive sans pluie. Le HCR est\nactivement engag\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9ponse aux catastrophes dans les pays et communaut\u00e9s\nvuln\u00e9rables o\u00f9 les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, les apatrides et leurs communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil sont touch\u00e9s. Il contribue aussi \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques en renfor\u00e7ant la pr\u00e9paration et\nen cultivant la r\u00e9silience, conform\u00e9ment au Cadre strat\u00e9gique de 2021 sur l\u2019action climatique.\n\n\n26. Le HCR, les acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement, les partenaires humanitaires et les institutions\nfinanci\u00e8res internationales peuvent mobiliser leur expertise, leur analyse et leurs\nfinancements pour soutenir la stabilit\u00e9 et le progr\u00e8s dans les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, en\nassurant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la protection et aux solutions. Une coordination interinstitutions efficace\nest cruciale \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Le Plan r\u00e9gional r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et r\u00e9silience, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens, codirig\u00e9 par le HCR et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le\nd\u00e9veloppement, assure le lien entre la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire et les strat\u00e9gies nationales \u00e0 plus\nlong terme de croissance inclusive et de d\u00e9veloppement durable. Dans les Am\u00e9riques, la\nPlateforme de coordination interinstitutions pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et migrants venus du Venezuela\n(R\u00e9publique bolivarienne du) a lanc\u00e9 son plan de r\u00e9ponse pour 2023-2024. Ce plan r\u00e9unit\nplus de 200 partenaires pour des activit\u00e9s humanitaires, socio-\u00e9conomiques et de protection\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et migrants v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens et leurs communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Au Costa Rica,\nle m\u00e9canisme mondial de financement concessionnel, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la Banque mondiale, fournit\ndes financements pour les projets de d\u00e9veloppement profitant aux demandeurs d\u2019asile, aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et \u00e0 leurs communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**A.** **Inclusion dans les syst\u00e8mes, les \u00e9conomies et les mesures de**\n**d\u00e9veloppement au plan national**\n\n\n27. Le nombre total de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es continue d\u2019augmenter, la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9tant\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9e depuis au moins cinq ans, et dans certains des pays les plus pauvres du monde.\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s la Banque mondiale, la majorit\u00e9 de ces personnes vivent dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible\nou interm\u00e9diaire de la tranche inf\u00e9rieure, dont les \u00e9conomies sont fragiles et les services\nnationaux d\u00e9faillants, qui d\u00e9pendent beaucoup de l\u2019aide internationale. Dans ces pays, les\nlois sont quelquefois restrictives, avec des difficult\u00e9s dans leur application. Beaucoup de pays\nrecevant un grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s connaissent une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des conditions de vie\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et leurs communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et l\u2019apatridie ne sont\npas que des probl\u00e8mes humanitaires, ils ont des implications \u00e0 plus long terme sur le\nd\u00e9veloppement. La protection et le d\u00e9veloppement sont donc interd\u00e9pendants et se renforcent\nmutuellement.\n\n\n28. Les initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 plus long terme peuvent encourager les\ngouvernements \u00e0 mettre en place des cadres juridiques solides et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des programmes\net politiques pleinement inclusifs. En ex\u00e9cution de son mandat, le HCR soutient l\u2019adh\u00e9sion\naux instruments juridiques r\u00e9gionaux et internationaux, comme la Convention de 1951 et son\nProtocole de 1967, le retrait des r\u00e9serves, ainsi que l\u2019adoption et la mise en \u0153uvre de lois et\npolitiques inclusives pour renforcer les syst\u00e8mes nationaux et am\u00e9liorer la fourniture de\nservices. La collaboration dans le cadre des liens paix, action humanitaire et action pour le\nd\u00e9veloppement peut aider les pays et communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9viter les crises et \u00e0 y r\u00e9pondre,\net \u00e0 promouvoir la protection et les solutions en stimulant la croissance \u00e9conomique et en\nam\u00e9liorant le bien-\u00eatre dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n29. Toutefois, beaucoup de pays disposent de lois, politiques et pratiques privant les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits. Par exemple, 44 % d\u2019\u00c9tats\ncontractants ont \u00e9mis des r\u00e9serves restreignant les droits reconnus aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la\nConvention de 1951 et son Protocole de 1967. Environ 70 % des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivent dans des\npays o\u00f9 la loi impose des restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019emploi formel, o\u00f9 ils ne sont pas autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 ouvrir\net \u00e0 g\u00e9rer un commerce, n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s aux terres agricoles et ne jouissent que d\u2019une libert\u00e9\nlimit\u00e9e de d\u00e9placement. M\u00eame dans les pays ayant des lois et politiques favorables, des d\u00e9fis\npersistent \u00e0 cause de la discrimination et de l\u2019absence de sensibilisation aux droits des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Comme soulign\u00e9 dans le rapport que la Banque mondiale a publi\u00e9 en mai 2023 sur\nle d\u00e9veloppement dans le monde, cette situation a non seulement de graves effets sur\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nl\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, elle fait aussi perdre la possibilit\u00e9 de satisfaire les besoins du\nmarch\u00e9 du travail. Reconnaissant les droits distincts et les besoins de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\naux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des migrants, le rapport examine les d\u00e9fis et les opportunit\u00e9s significatives et\nsubstantielles dans ce domaine, notamment l\u2019occasion pour les \u00c9tats d\u2019exploiter le potentiel\n\u00e9conomique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des migrants pour faire face aux p\u00e9nuries du march\u00e9 du travail,\nnotamment par la reconnaissance de leur droit \u00e0 travailler et, de fa\u00e7on plus clairvoyante, par\ndes r\u00e9ponses strat\u00e9giques \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 humaine.\n\n\n30. Au Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2019 et dans le cadre des examens p\u00e9riodiques\nuniversels, beaucoup de pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire ont pris des engagements de\ngrande port\u00e9e pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits et l\u2019inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les\n\u00e9conomies et syst\u00e8mes nationaux. Des capacit\u00e9s et des financements suffisants et pr\u00e9visibles\n\u00e0 long terme sont n\u00e9cessaires pour ex\u00e9cuter ces engagements. Si des progr\u00e8s en mati\u00e8re\nd\u2019inclusion dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux, avant la r\u00e9alisation de solutions durables, ont \u00e9t\u00e9\naccomplis dans beaucoup de pays, les efforts ainsi fournis d\u00e9pendent des contributions faites\npar le biais du HCR et d\u2019autres acteurs humanitaires.\n\n\n31. Ces questions avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battues au Dialogue du Haut-Commissaire sur le d\u00e9fi de\nprotection de d\u00e9cembre 2022. \u00c0 cette occasion avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9s les progr\u00e8s accomplis et\nles d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever pour renforcer la coop\u00e9ration au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 travers le cycle des\nd\u00e9placements, avec un accent particulier sur les actions men\u00e9es t\u00f4t, l\u2019inclusion et les\nsolutions. Le Dialogue a mis en lumi\u00e8re le potentiel des m\u00e9canismes et cadres r\u00e9gionaux de\ncoordination. En d\u00e9cembre 2022, le Cadre r\u00e9gional global de protection et de solution (connu\nsous son acronyme espagnol \u00ab MIRPS \u00bb) dans les Am\u00e9riques entrait dans sa cinqui\u00e8me\nann\u00e9e, avec l\u2019adoption de la D\u00e9claration de Tegucigalpa. Le but vis\u00e9 est de renforcer les\ninstitutions locales et nationales et de favoriser le dialogue et des actions de responsabilit\u00e9\npartag\u00e9e et de solidarit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale. Des recommandations strat\u00e9giques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites et des\nactions propos\u00e9es en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la coop\u00e9ration pour l\u2019action humanitaire et l\u2019action\npour le d\u00e9veloppement, et de mieux assurer en commun l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits dans la loi, la\npolitique et la pratique.\n\n\n**B.** **Acc\u00e8s aux services**\n\n\n32. Les politiques et pratiques inclusives peuvent permettre d\u2019assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\ndroits pour les personnes en situation de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques.\nEu \u00e9gard aux dimensions \u00e2ge, genre et diversit\u00e9, ainsi qu\u2019aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, le\nHCR favorise l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les\napatrides, et reconna\u00eet la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un partage effectif des responsabilit\u00e9s et d\u2019un\nappui aux pays et communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. En Jordanie et en Mauritanie, il s\u2019est\nengag\u00e9 avec le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM) dans une approche commune\net harmonis\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tablissement de profils afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer le bien-\u00eatre des m\u00e9nages\nvuln\u00e9rables. Par des mesures visant \u00e0 garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux comptes bancaires,\nl\u2019inclusion financi\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e en Argentine, au Br\u00e9sil et au Costa Rica. En\n\u00c9quateur et au Mexique, des entreprises priv\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 encourag\u00e9es \u00e0 employer des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Au Chili, un appui a \u00e9t\u00e9 fourni pour la formation professionnelle, et les\nproduits et services fournis par des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commercialis\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce aux\npartenariats avec le secteur priv\u00e9. En Colombie, pr\u00e8s de 1,5 million de V\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens\nont re\u00e7u des titres de protection temporaire, tandis que 500 000 autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on biom\u00e9trique, ce qui facilite l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits et leur inclusion\nsocio-\u00e9conomique. La r\u00e9ponse int\u00e9gr\u00e9e pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Ouganda sert de mod\u00e8le\nd\u2019inclusion socio-\u00e9conomique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil,\nbeaucoup de zones d\u2019installation de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le pays ne pouvant plus \u00eatre\ndistingu\u00e9es des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n33. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans certaines r\u00e9gions,\nle HCR et le PAM ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 des programmes conjoints pour une meilleure\nautonomie. Dans quatre pays en Afrique, \u00e0 savoir le Kenya, le Malawi, le Soudan du\nSud et le Zimbabwe, le HCR a entrepris l\u2019\u00e9levage des insectes pour l'alimentation\nhumaine et animale, ainsi que pour des engrais, afin de r\u00e9pandre les approches\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "innovantes, \u00e9cologiques et \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, des\npossibilit\u00e9s d'emploi et d'activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et leurs\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n34. Le HCR travaille avec des \u00c9tats et des partenaires pour cr\u00e9er des possibilit\u00e9s\nd\u2019inclusion, comme \u00e9nonc\u00e9 dans sa Strat\u00e9gie de collaboration avec les acteurs du\nd\u00e9veloppement. Gr\u00e2ce au financement du sous-guichet pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de\nl\u2019Association internationale de d\u00e9veloppement de la Banque mondiale, il soutient au\nCongo (R\u00e9publique du) la mise en \u0153uvre du projet de filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale \u00e0\nLikouala et son extension \u00e0 Brazzaville et Pointe Noire, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la position\ndu Gouvernement favorable \u00e0 l\u2019inclusion. Le projet fournit \u00e0 des milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net membres de communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil de l\u2019assistance en esp\u00e8ces et des subventions\npour des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus. En Mauritanie, des m\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ninscrits dans le registre social national, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une initiative impliquant le HCR et\nplusieurs partenaires, afin de recevoir r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des transferts mon\u00e9taires et\nd\u2019\u00eatre admissibles aux prestations de soins de sant\u00e9 primaires. En Colombie,\nl\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale et \u00e9conomique des V\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de la protection\ntemporaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenue par les financements de d\u00e9veloppement. En R\u00e9publique\nde Moldova, le HCR et ses partenaires travaillent avec le Gouvernement pour\nam\u00e9liorer l\u2019inclusion par des services d\u2019assistance sociale, en renfor\u00e7ant les\npossibilit\u00e9s de travail.\n\n\n35. L\u2019inclusion facilite l\u2019int\u00e9gration des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides dans\nleurs communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil. Elle profite aux \u00e9conomies et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, en ce\nqu\u2019elle met fin aux p\u00e9nuries de comp\u00e9tences et de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et contribue de ce\nfait aux revenus fiscaux. En constitue un exemple positif \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, la relocalisation\ndes populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au Mexique et au Br\u00e9sil dans les zones o\u00f9 elles peuvent\navoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019emploi, au logement et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n\n36. Le HCR plaide en faveur des droits des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides en\nsituation de handicap. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un partenariat mondial avec _International Disability_\n_Alliance_, il a pris part avec plus de 200 participants aux consultations mondiales pour\nidentifier les domaines prioritaires d\u2019inclusion du handicap en 2023 et au-del\u00e0. Des\norientations [4] ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises au point pour veiller \u00e0 une identification en temps voulu\ndes personnes en situation de handicap et \u00e0 une r\u00e9ponse significative. Au Honduras,\nle HCR a collabor\u00e9 avec _Save the Children_, l\u2019Association des sourds du Honduras et\nl\u2019Union des aveugles du Honduras, afin de mettre au point des mat\u00e9riels de formation\nsur le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 pour les personnes ayant des d\u00e9ficiences visuelles ou\nauditives. Le personnel de protection du HCR et les points focaux pour l\u2019inclusion\ndu handicap dans la r\u00e9gion Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord et en R\u00e9publique\nd\u00e9mocratique du Congo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s. Des outils pratiques y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 partag\u00e9s et des\nmat\u00e9riels de formation de l\u2019organisation sur l\u2019inclusion du handicap y ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9ploy\u00e9s [5] .\n\n\n37. Compte tenu du fait que les structures communautaires sont souvent les\npremi\u00e8res \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux crises humanitaires, le HCR a us\u00e9 d\u2019approches\ncommunautaires de protection pour assurer une participation accrue des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration avec les organisations de base dirig\u00e9es\npar des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenues dans les\nstructures de gestion et de leadership communautaires. Au Darfour au Soudan, le\nHCR a fourni aux structures communautaires des \u00e9quipements et d\u2019autres ressources\npour apporter de l\u2019aide en premi\u00e8re ligne. \u00c0 Malte, il a soutenu les efforts de\n\n\n4 HCR, _Guidance: Identification of persons with disabilities at registration and_\n\n_other data collection efforts_ [, disponible \u00e0 https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079)\n[5 Disponible \u00e0 https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n[disabilities/strengthening-protection.](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nmobilisation communautaire contre la mutilation g\u00e9nitale f\u00e9minine. Plusieurs\nop\u00e9rations du HCR ont renforc\u00e9 les programmes communautaires de volontaires\nfacilitant la sensibilisation et l\u2019identification des personnes ayant des besoins\nsp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n\n38. Des initiatives visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019engagement communautaire par la\nconnectivit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en \u0153uvre au Tchad, au Mali et au Niger. En\nEurope, le HCR a lanc\u00e9 un Centre r\u00e9gional de contact qui fournit des informations\nessentielles aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Ukraine dans les pays voisins. \u00c0 travers le monde, le HCR\nfait fonctionner 93 sites Internet d\u2019assistance qui fournissent l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\ninformations en 32 langues, avec 14 millions de consultations en 2022. En\nAfghanistan, l\u2019aide aux femmes et filles afghanes a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e par la prise en\ncharge psychosociale, des abris d\u2019urgence, des centres communautaires, des \u00e9coles\net des activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement de la petite entreprise. Il est crucial de poursuivre\ncet appui, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les filles sont exclues des \u00e9tudes secondaires, les femmes\nemp\u00each\u00e9es de poursuivre leurs \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures et les membres f\u00e9minins du\npersonnel des Nations Unies et des partenaires non autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 travailler pour\nr\u00e9pondre aux besoins fondamentaux.\n\n\n39. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 son programme de localisation, le HCR a renforc\u00e9 son appui\naux organisations dirig\u00e9es par des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides. Il a aid\u00e9 \u00e0\nrenforcer les capacit\u00e9s des volontaires des communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les\nstructures communautaires. En 2022, un accord simplifi\u00e9 de partenariat pour les\norganisations de base a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu afin de faciliter leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des ressources \u00e0 petite\n\u00e9chelle. Pour une meilleure participation de leur part, le HCR a mis en place en 2022\nun Conseil consultatif, avec 16 organisations membres dirig\u00e9es par des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ou des apatrides.\n\n\n**C.** **Protection de l\u2019enfant et \u00e9ducation**\n\n\n40. Les enfants repr\u00e9sentent 41 % de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e dans le monde. Au cours de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e, les risques complexes de protection pour les enfants ont persist\u00e9 dans le\ncontexte de nouvelles crises et des d\u00e9placements prolong\u00e9s. Les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de\nprotection de l\u2019enfant peinent \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre efficacement aux divers d\u00e9fis de protection, et les\nsolutions trouv\u00e9es dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019enfant restent limit\u00e9es. Les risques de\nprotection auxquels sont expos\u00e9s les enfants comprennent les abus, les violences, la\nn\u00e9gligence, l\u2019exploitation, le travail et le mariage de l\u2019enfant, la s\u00e9paration de la famille et le\nnon-acc\u00e8s aux services et aux soins. Les enfants sont aussi touch\u00e9s par le non-enregistrement\ndes naissances et l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile tenant compte de leurs besoins. Ces\nrisques sont souvent pr\u00e9visibles et peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9s par des cadres juridiques solides et des\ninterventions institutionnelles d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des d\u00e9placements.\n\n\n41. Dans plus de 70 pays, le HCR et ses partenaires ont mis en \u0153uvre des programmes de\npr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse pour la protection de l\u2019enfant, afin de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s\nnationales, en particulier des services de protection des enfants expos\u00e9s aux risques. \u00c9tant\ndonn\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les besoins de protection des enfants et les ressources financi\u00e8res\ndisponibles continue d\u2019augmenter, le HCR et ses partenaires n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de\nfournir les services essentiels dans plusieurs pays. Au Cameroun, par exemple, les\nprogrammes d\u2019acquisition des comp\u00e9tences pratiques pour les adolescents et les adolescentes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 revus \u00e0 la baisse, et le nombre d\u2019enfants en situation de handicap ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de\nl\u2019appui a diminu\u00e9.\n\n\n42. Il incombe aux \u00c9tats de prot\u00e9ger les enfants et de mettre en place pour eux des\nsyst\u00e8mes et politiques de protection pour assurer leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Le HCR a fourni des\norientations pratiques sur la mani\u00e8re d\u2019adapter les syst\u00e8mes et services nationaux existants\nde protection de l\u2019enfant, afin de r\u00e9pondre aux d\u00e9fis dans 47 op\u00e9rations. Les outils d\u2019inclusion\ndes enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de protection de l\u2019enfant, mis au point par\nle HCR et l\u2019UNICEF, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour \u00e9tablir la mesure dans laquelle les enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\u00e9taient inclus dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de protection de l\u2019enfant et am\u00e9liorer\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 de ceux-ci. Des services de protection de l\u2019enfant pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ukrainiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fournis par les autorit\u00e9s en Hongrie, en Pologne, en R\u00e9publique\nde Moldova, en Roumanie et en Slovaquie, notamment par l\u2019adaptation des politiques et\nproc\u00e9dures. Trente-six centres d\u2019appui et de protection _blue dot_ ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place dans sept\npays.\n\n\n43. Conform\u00e9ment au Plan d\u2019action conjoint pour les enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le HCR et\nl\u2019UNICEF ont renforc\u00e9 l\u2019inclusion des enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de\nprotection de l\u2019enfant. Ils ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l\u2019enregistrement des naissances, r\u00e9duit les risques,\nnotamment de mariage de l\u2019enfant, lutt\u00e9 contre les violences li\u00e9es au genre et ont renforc\u00e9 les\nservices communautaires de protection de l\u2019enfant dans 10 op\u00e9rations-pays. Conform\u00e9ment\n\u00e0 ses orientations techniques sur les proc\u00e9dures favorables \u00e0 l\u2019enfant, le HCR \u0153uvre en faveur\nde l\u2019accueil, de l\u2019enregistrement, de la d\u00e9termination du statut et des solutions durables pour\nles enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En collaboration avec ses partenaires, il a soutenu les programmes de\nrenforcement de la r\u00e9silience et d\u2019acquisition de comp\u00e9tences pratiques pour les enfants, les\nfamilles et les communaut\u00e9s dans 39 op\u00e9rations. Au Mali, 22 centres pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsoutenus, pour qu\u2019ils puissent faire acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences pratiques et fournir des activit\u00e9s\nr\u00e9cr\u00e9atives \u00e0 plus de 14 500 enfants, et mettre \u00e0 la disposition de 45 000 personnes des\ninformations sur les questions et services de protection de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\n44. L\u2019\u00e9ducation est indispensable pour permettre aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de jouir de l\u2019asile, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nla pleine participation \u00e0 la vie de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Elle permet aux enfants de se fixer des objectifs\net de fa\u00e7onner leur avenir. M\u00eame si des progr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s au niveau de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des\nenfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux \u00e9tudes primaires, leur acc\u00e8s aux \u00e9tudes secondaires et la r\u00e9tention des\nfilles \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole laissent encore \u00e0 d\u00e9sirer. Une \u00e9volution positive a n\u00e9anmoins \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e,\navec notamment des changements de politique ayant accru les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage.\nEn Mauritanie, par exemple, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont d\u00e9sormais acc\u00e8s aux programmes scolaires\nnationaux. L\u2019inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9ducatifs nationaux est plus difficile\nen cas de manque de ressources. Un financement pluriannuel et pr\u00e9visible, pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, est essentiel, surtout dans les pays d\u2019accueil \u00e0 revenu faible ou\ninterm\u00e9diaire. Il faudra redoubler d\u2019efforts pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l\u2019objectif fix\u00e9 par la Banque\nmondiale qui estime que 4,85 milliards de dollars E.-U. par an sont n\u00e9cessaires pour inclure\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les syst\u00e8mes nationaux, m\u00eame s\u2019il existe des exemples prometteurs. Au\nKenya, des changements de politique, avec notamment la nouvelle loi de 2021 sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net le Plan Marshall pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, visant \u00e0 faciliter leur autonomie et \u00e0 all\u00e9ger la pression\nsur les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, ont permis d\u2019attirer des financements de d\u00e9veloppement, en\nparticulier de la Banque mondiale et du Partenariat mondial pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation, peu d\u2019argent\nayant \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu disponible pour soutenir les \u00e9coles des camps.\n\n\n45. Au niveau du primaire, le HCR a fourni l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\ngr\u00e2ce au financement de _Educate a Child_ ayant permis l\u2019inscription depuis 2012 de 1,4\nmillion d'enfants \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, dont pr\u00e8s de 23 000 enfants inscrits en Ouganda en 2022.\n\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les plans, programmes et budgets nationaux pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation ne tiennent pas\nsuffisamment compte des enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, _Educate A Child_ a aussi contribu\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on\nd\u00e9cisive \u00e0 couvrir les principaux co\u00fbts en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation, notamment pour\nl\u2019am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures, la construction, le paiement des salaires des enseignants,\nla formation et les mat\u00e9riels. Afin de promouvoir le bien-\u00eatre physique et psychosocial, ainsi\nque l\u2019inclusion et la coh\u00e9sion sociale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, le programme Sport pour la protection a \u00e9t\u00e9\nmis en \u0153uvre au Tchad, au Kenya, au Rwanda et en Ouganda.\n\n\n46. En 2022, le programme de l\u2019Initiative acad\u00e9mique allemande Albert Einstein pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est entr\u00e9 dans sa 30 [e] ann\u00e9e, offrant des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 de jeunes\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans 55 pays, et ce, en collaboration avec plus de 30 partenaires nationaux. Le\nprogramme a offert des bourses d\u2019\u00e9tudes \u00e0 plus de 9 000 \u00e9tudiants et a permis \u00e0 des \u00e9tudiants\nde s\u2019inscrire dans plus de 700 institutions d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures, avec une augmentation du\ntaux d\u2019inscription f\u00e9minine qui est pass\u00e9 de 41 % \u00e0 43 %.\n\n\n47. Des plaidoyers au plan national ont permis d\u2019assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures\nau Burundi, o\u00f9 une politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e pour admettre les \u00e9tudiants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au m\u00eame tarif\nque les \u00e9tudiants nationaux. Un certain nombre de dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s de l\u2019Initiative acad\u00e9mique\nallemande Albert Einstein pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 admis au programme de Master en France,\nen Allemagne et en Italie. \u00c0 travers le monde, la collaboration avec divers partenaires,\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\ncomme l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture, le Service\nallemand d\u2019\u00e9changes acad\u00e9miques, _Connected Learning in Crisis Consortium_, _DuoLingo_,\n_Times Higher Education_, _Open Society University Network_ et _Tertiary Refugee Student_\n_Network_, permet au HCR d\u2019\u00e9largir les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\nde progresser vers l\u2019objectif consistant \u00e0 permettre \u00e0 15 % des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux\n\u00e9tudes postsecondaires d\u2019ici 2023.\n\n\n**D.** **Protection contre les violences li\u00e9es au genre**\n\n\n48. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les apatrides sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des risques accrus\nde violences li\u00e9es au genre. Ces risques se compliquent par des formes profondes et\nimbriqu\u00e9es de discrimination, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les effets du changement climatique.\nL\u2019impact de l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les sexes doit \u00e9clairer les politiques et les programmes\nmultisectoriels, afin qu\u2019on puisse mieux pr\u00e9venir, combattre et att\u00e9nuer les risques de\nviolences li\u00e9es au genre. Le HCR continue d\u2019accorder la priorit\u00e9 aux mesures li\u00e9es au genre\net d\u2019appliquer sa politique de pr\u00e9vention, d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques et de lutte contre les\nviolences li\u00e9es au genre, avec le cadre provisoire de suivi politique des violences li\u00e9es au\ngenre qui l\u2019accompagne. Des organisations dirig\u00e9es par des femmes ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer une\nparticipation significative des femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, notamment dans les m\u00e9canismes de\ncoordination pour la pr\u00e9vention et la lutte contre les violences li\u00e9es au genre. Le Fonds de\nl'innovation dirig\u00e9 par des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2022 a r\u00e9compens\u00e9 sept organisations dirig\u00e9es par des\nfemmes pour leur travail remarquable en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou apatrides.\n\n\n49. L'accroissement de l'acc\u00e8s aux services de qualit\u00e9 pour les personnes ayant surv\u00e9cu\naux violences li\u00e9es au genre demeure une priorit\u00e9. Ces services sont disponibles dans\nbeaucoup de pays, m\u00eame si bon nombre ne disposent pas suffisamment de ressources. \u00c0\nJijiga en \u00c9thiopie, le HCR a travaill\u00e9 avec le Bureau national pour les affaires des femmes,\ndes jeunes et des enfants afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 des services aux femmes affect\u00e9es par\nles violences li\u00e9es au genre. Il a re\u00e7u des financements de l\u2019initiative _Safe from the Start_,\nfinanc\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, pour d\u00e9ployer dans des situations de crise des\nsp\u00e9cialistes de la pr\u00e9vention des violences li\u00e9es au genre. Des sp\u00e9cialistes ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, au Chili, \u00e0 Djibouti, en \u00c9thiopie, en R\u00e9publique\nislamique d\u2019Iran, au Niger, au Pakistan, en Pologne, en R\u00e9publique de Moldova, en Somalie\net en R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne pour plus d\u2019un million de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s couverts par le\nprogramme.\n\n\n50. Le HCR a pris des mesures pour pr\u00e9venir les violences \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des femmes, en\nengageant les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 lutter contre les normes et pratiques sociales n\u00e9fastes, et en\nmettant en \u0153uvre l\u2019initiative \u00ab Faire participer les hommes \u00e0 des pratiques responsables \u00bb en\nIndon\u00e9sie, en Iraq, en Malaisie, au Nig\u00e9ria, au Soudan du Sud, en R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne\net en Tha\u00eflande.\n\n\n**E.** **R\u00e9installation et voies compl\u00e9mentaires**\n\n\n51. La r\u00e9installation, les voies compl\u00e9mentaires et le regroupement familial offrent aux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s les moyens vitaux de jouir de l\u2019asile et de trouver des solutions, ce qui est une\nmanifestation tangible de la solidarit\u00e9 et du partage\nde la charge et des responsabilit\u00e9s. En 2022, une feuille de route pour les solutions dans des\npays tiers [6] a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e, r\u00e9affirmant trois objectifs se renfor\u00e7ant mutuellement, \u00e0 savoir :\n\u00e9largir les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9installation ; promouvoir les voies compl\u00e9mentaires et le\nregroupement familial ; et poser les bases d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 accueillante et inclusive. Cette feuille\nde route vise \u00e0 \u00e9largir les possibilit\u00e9s de solutions dans des pays tiers pour 3 millions de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par la r\u00e9installation (1 million) et des voies compl\u00e9mentaires (2 millions) d\u2019ici 2030.\nM\u00eame s\u2019il y a des signes positifs d\u2019engagement des \u00c9tats et d\u2019autres parties prenantes,\nl\u2019atteinte de ses objectifs demeure un grand d\u00e9fi.\n\n\n6 HCR, _Third country solutions for refugees: Roadmap 2030_, juin 2022, disponible \u00e0\n\n[https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030)\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "52. La r\u00e9installation est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un outil crucial de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nexpos\u00e9s aux risques. En 2022, le nombre de demandes a augment\u00e9 de 84 % par rapport \u00e0\n2021, surtout de la part d\u2019Afghans et de Rohingya. L\u2019impact de la pand\u00e9mie de la COVID19 et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus en Afghanistan et en Ukraine a mis \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les\ncapacit\u00e9s de traitement et affect\u00e9 les objectifs consistant \u00e0 augmenter les niveaux de\nr\u00e9installation.\n\n\n53. L\u2019ex\u00e9cution des mesures visant \u00e0 regrouper les familles de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9es doit \u00eatre\nune priorit\u00e9, conform\u00e9ment au droit \u00e0 l\u2019unit\u00e9 de la famille. Le HCR a plaid\u00e9 en faveur du\nregroupement des familles, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise ukrainienne et \u00e0 la suite du tremblement de\nterre ayant frapp\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne et la T\u00fcrkiye. En d\u00e9pit du droit de jouir d\u2019une\nvie familiale, des obstacles administratifs et d\u2019ordre pratique, comme le non-acc\u00e8s au\nconsulat, s\u2019y opposent. Le HCR plaide en faveur de la souplesse de la proc\u00e9dure, notamment\nle traitement \u00e0 distance et l\u2019indulgence pour les documents exig\u00e9s. Il joue le r\u00f4le de\nSecr\u00e9tariat pour le R\u00e9seau mondial de regroupement familial qui est une plateforme mondiale\nde coop\u00e9ration et d\u2019\u00e9change d\u2019informations. En 2022, ce R\u00e9seau a fait des mises \u00e0 jour sur\nles situations nationales en \u00c9thiopie, au Pakistan et au Soudan afin d\u2019\u00e9clairer l\u2019engagement\ndes partenaires. Actuellement, il mobilise ses membres pour des engagements d\u2019impact au\nForum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2023, afin d\u2019accro\u00eetre les possibilit\u00e9s de regroupement\nfamilial, conform\u00e9ment au Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n54. L\u2019\u00e9lan ayant port\u00e9 ces efforts, afin d\u2019assurer les voies de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et de\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation, s\u2019est poursuivi avec le lancement de programmes en Belgique, en France, en\nIrlande, en R\u00e9publique de Cor\u00e9e et au Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d\u2019Irlande du\nNord. Des voies de l\u2019enseignement postsecondaire se sont \u00e9largies en Italie et au Japon. Le\ntravail des \u00e9quipes sp\u00e9ciales mondiales sur les voies de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la mobilit\u00e9 de la\nmain-d\u2019\u0153uvre a permis d\u2019accro\u00eetre l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux voies compl\u00e9mentaires par l\u2019engagement\nd\u2019une vaste communaut\u00e9 de pratique, les efforts de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration des outils et des orientations.\n\n### **IV. Respect des droits des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes**\n\n\n55. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays par des conflits arm\u00e9s, des\nviolences g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es et des violations des droits de l\u2019homme ont constitu\u00e9 en 2022 la\nmajorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans le monde, avec une augmentation de 57,3 millions.\nLa pr\u00e9servation des droits et des garanties de protection contre le d\u00e9placement arbitraire, la\nprotection et l\u2019assistance lors des d\u00e9placements et les solutions sont les principales\ncomposantes du travail du HCR en situation de d\u00e9placements internes, conform\u00e9ment aux\nPrincipes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays.\n\n\n56. Le droit d\u2019\u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9 contre le d\u00e9placement continue d\u2019\u00eatre remis en cause,\nnotamment \u00e0 cause des violences. La majorit\u00e9 des situations o\u00f9 le HCR travaille sont celles\nde conflit actif, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la violation r\u00e9currente du droit international humanitaire \u00e0\nl\u2019encontre des populations civiles. Le HCR promeut de nouvelles orientations aux \u00c9tats,\ncriminalisant le d\u00e9placement arbitraire, d\u00e9courageant et mettant fin \u00e0 l\u2019impunit\u00e9, et favorisant\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice et aux solutions. La gestion des d\u00e9placements internes demeure parmi les\npriorit\u00e9s du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans le cadre de la protection des civils. Afin de soutenir les\nefforts fournis \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, le HCR a entrepris des plaidoyers au plan mondial, en\ncollaboration avec le Service de la lutte antimines de l'ONU et l\u2019Institut des Nations Unies\npour la recherche sur le d\u00e9sarmement, avec un accent particulier sur l\u2019impact de la guerre en\nmilieu urbain sur le d\u00e9placement.\n\n\n57. Le HCR est engag\u00e9 dans les situations de d\u00e9placement interne dans 33 pays o\u00f9 ce type\nde d\u00e9placement r\u00e9sulte des facteurs comme les conflits arm\u00e9s, les violences et la violation\ndes droits de l\u2019homme, souvent dans les conditions o\u00f9 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et d\u2019autres\ntypes de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sont exacerb\u00e9s par le changement climatique.\n\n\n58. Le HCR dirige le Groupe mondial de la protection dans 28 des 32 groupes sectoriels\nou m\u00e9canismes apparent\u00e9s, o\u00f9 il plaide pour les droits des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et r\u00e9pond aux\nbesoins de 140 millions de personnes pour la protection. En 2022, plus de 280 partenaires\nont travaill\u00e9 dans le cadre d'efforts coordonn\u00e9s sur la centralit\u00e9 de la protection, les droits\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nhumains, l\u2019inclusion du handicap, le droit et la politique, la lutte contre la traite d\u2019\u00eatres\nhumains, la sant\u00e9 mentale et la prise en charge psychosociale, l'assistance en esp\u00e8ces pour\nles besoins de protection et le plaidoyer. En 2022, plus de 2000 personnes ont pris part au\nForum mondial annuel de la protection ayant rassembl\u00e9 des coordonnateurs de terrain, des\npartenaires, des principales parties prenantes pour parler des d\u00e9fis \u00e9mergents et\ncontemporains en mati\u00e8re de protection. La campagne du Groupe mondial de la protection,\nsur l'acc\u00e8s qui prot\u00e8ge, a permis d'adopter un programme de changement afin d\u2019assurer un\nacc\u00e8s durable et de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection.\n\n\n59. En collaboration avec le Rapporteur sp\u00e9cial sur les droits humains des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes, le HCR codirige le Groupe d\u2019experts pour la protection des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, dont\nsont notamment membres d\u2019anciens rapporteurs sp\u00e9ciaux, coordonnateurs r\u00e9sidents et\ncoordonnateurs de l\u2019action humanitaire, des leaders d\u2019opinion et des universitaires de\ndiverses disciplines. Le but vis\u00e9 est de fournir aux \u00c9tats un appui consultatif de haut niveau\nsur la protection. Le Groupe d\u2019experts pour la protection a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019adoption, longtemps\nattendue, d\u2019une loi sur les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes par le Congr\u00e8s du Honduras.\n\n\n60. Consid\u00e9rant qu\u2019il appartient principalement aux autorit\u00e9s nationales d\u2019assurer la\nprotection et l\u2019assistance aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes de leur ressort, le HCR a aid\u00e9 les \u00c9tats \u00e0\n\u00e9laborer et appliquer des lois et politiques nationales sur le d\u00e9placement interne. Il a soutenu\nles avanc\u00e9es au Burkina Faso, en \u00c9thiopie, au Honduras, au Mexique, au Nig\u00e9ria, aux\nPhilippines et au Soudan du Sud. Il a aussi publi\u00e9 son premier rapport mondial sur le droit et\nla politique relatifs au d\u00e9placement interne _,_ dressant le tableau complet de trois d\u00e9cennies\nd\u2019\u00e9volution aux plans juridique et politique et indiquant les obstacles et les possibilit\u00e9s de\nr\u00e9aliser concr\u00e8tement des progr\u00e8s en mati\u00e8re de protection et de solutions dans divers pays.\nLes d\u00e9fis demeurent n\u00e9anmoins importants, notamment en Afghanistan o\u00f9 le HCR et ses\npartenaires peinent \u00e0 fournir de l\u2019appui aux femmes et filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes \u00e0 cause des\nrestrictions sur la pr\u00e9sence du personnel de sexe f\u00e9minin. Cette situation complique les efforts\nen faveur des retours, dans lesquels beaucoup de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes afghans souhaitent\ns\u2019engager en cas d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans certaines r\u00e9gions du pays.\nDans les situations o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s de l\u2019aide humanitaire est limit\u00e9, comme au Myanmar, le HCR\net ses partenaires ont \u00e9largi la coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 des organisations communautaires et des groupes\nconfessionnels, afin d\u2019atteindre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et de fournir l\u2019assistance d\u2019urgence, en\npilotant l\u2019assistance en esp\u00e8ces pour des solutions transitoires g\u00e9r\u00e9es par des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes.\n\n\n61. Il incombe surtout aux \u00c9tats de cr\u00e9er les conditions favorables aux solutions,\nnotamment en facilitant et en assurant la pleine participation des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Cela\nsuppose des mesures permettant de veiller \u00e0 ce que les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes puissent prendre part\naux \u00e9lections, car leur participation est souvent remise en cause par les exigences de r\u00e9sidence\net de documents qu\u2019ils ne peuvent remplir. La participation aux processus \u00e9lectoraux permet\naux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes de veiller \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats et de jouer un r\u00f4le\nsignificatif dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, en amenant les politiques \u00e0 trouver des solutions \u00e0 leurs probl\u00e8mes\nde d\u00e9placement. Le HCR est un membre important du Groupe directeur sur les solutions au\nd\u00e9placement interne, cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution du Programme d\u2019action du Secr\u00e9taire\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur les d\u00e9placements internes et pour stimuler l\u2019action et mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019approche\nunique des Nations Unies pour les solutions. Afin de poursuivre les efforts en faveur des\nsolutions, le HCR a renforc\u00e9 son appui aux coordonnateurs r\u00e9sidents des Nations Unies et a\ncollabor\u00e9 avec le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international sur l\u2019engagement conjoint au plan macro\u00e9conomique en r\u00e9ponse au d\u00e9placement interne.\n\n### **V. Le droit \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9**\n\n\n62. Les donn\u00e9es actuelles de 97 pays montrent qu\u2019il y a 4,4 millions d\u2019apatrides ou de\npersonnes dont la nationalit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une augmentation de 91\n000 personnes par rapport \u00e0 2021. Des millions d\u2019apatrides continuent d\u2019\u00eatre priv\u00e9s de l\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux droits fondamentaux et aux services essentiels, ce qui les rend vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation\net aux abus. La discrimination dans les lois et politiques relatives \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 continue\nd\u2019\u00eatre l\u2019une des principales causes d\u2019apatridie, avec dans beaucoup de pays peu d\u2019indices de\nla volont\u00e9 politique de modifier de telles lois et politiques. La mont\u00e9e constante de la\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "x\u00e9nophobie et de l\u2019ethno-nationalisme menace de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles situations d\u2019apatridie\ndans plusieurs r\u00e9gions du monde, et l\u2019augmentation significative des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s\nexpose beaucoup d\u2019autres personnes au risque d\u2019apatridie. Le conflit en Ukraine a clairement\nmis en \u00e9vidence la situation vuln\u00e9rable dans laquelle les apatrides se retrouvent. Il est signal\u00e9\nque les apatrides ayant fui les conflits rencontrent d\u2019autres obstacles pour se mettre en\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9, en raison du fait qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas de nationalit\u00e9 ou ne sont pas en possession de\ndocuments d\u2019\u00e9tat civil. Beaucoup d\u2019apatrides d\u2019Ukraine n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du m\u00eame niveau\nde protection que les autres personnes ayant fui le conflit.\n\n\n63. Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis, plusieurs \u00c9tats ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 pendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e des progr\u00e8s\nsignificatifs dans la lutte contre l\u2019apatridie. Certains ont r\u00e9form\u00e9 leurs lois et politiques afin\nd\u2019accorder leur nationalit\u00e9 aux populations apatrides et de reconna\u00eetre aux femmes et aux\nhommes les m\u00eames droits \u00e0 transmettre leur nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs enfants. D\u2019autres r\u00e9alisations\nconcernent l\u2019adoption et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9termination du statut d'apatride,\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Convention de 1954 relative au statut des apatrides. Ces proc\u00e9dures\noffrent les moyens de d\u00e9terminer de fa\u00e7on claire et coh\u00e9rente le statut d\u2019apatride, afin de\nveiller \u00e0 ce que les concern\u00e9s puissent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la protection et \u00eatre en mesure d\u2019avoir\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits. Les arrangements de protection temporaire ou de s\u00e9jour temporaire\npeuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre une importante base l\u00e9gale de protection des apatrides. Au Portugal,\nle Gouvernement interpr\u00e8te d\u2019une mani\u00e8re souple la directive de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne sur la\nprotection temporaire, \u00e9largissant cette protection \u00e0 certaines cat\u00e9gories d\u2019apatrides\nd\u2019Ukraine.\n\n\n64. Afin d\u2019ex\u00e9cuter la recommandation de mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie, contenue dans le\nrapport du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Notre programme commun \u00bb, le HCR a entam\u00e9 un\nprocessus avec des parties prenantes, notamment les personnes affect\u00e9es par l\u2019apatridie, en\nvue de mettre en place une alliance mondiale pour mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie. Cette alliance\nmultipartite, dont le lancement est pr\u00e9vu en 2024, s\u2019appuiera sur l\u2019\u00e9lan et les gains concrets\nproduits par la Campagne #J\u2019appartiens pour servir de plateforme permettant d\u2019accro\u00eetre les\nefforts collectifs de plaidoyer, de catalyser les engagements politiques pour le r\u00e8glement du\nprobl\u00e8me et d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en \u0153uvre des solutions concr\u00e8tes au probl\u00e8me d\u2019apatridie.\n\n\n65. \u00c0 moins de deux ans de la fin de sa Campagne #J\u2019appartiens, le HCR poursuivra le\ntravail qu\u2019il effectue au plan mondial pour lutter contre l\u2019apatridie, notamment par l\u2019appui \u00e0\nla mise en \u0153uvre des engagements pris au Forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Dans le cadre de\nl\u2019un des domaines d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat strat\u00e9gique du Haut-Commissaire, le HCR a mis au point un\nnouveau plan strat\u00e9gique en vue d\u2019orienter son travail de pr\u00e9vention et de lutte contre\nl\u2019apatridie jusqu\u2019en 2026. De plus, 28 op\u00e9rations prioritaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisies pour amplifier\nles efforts de plaidoyer et l\u2019appui op\u00e9rationnel. Le HCR travaille avec les \u00c9tats pour \u00e9laborer\net appliquer des plans d'action nationaux visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l'apatridie. Il contribue aussi \u00e0\ncr\u00e9er et \u00e0 renforcer des r\u00e9seaux d\u2019organisations nationales et r\u00e9gionales de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\npour promouvoir la collaboration avec les apatrides et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les\nstatistiques sur les apatrides, la Commission de statistique de l\u2019ONU a approuv\u00e9 les\nrecommandations du HCR visant \u00e0 faciliter la production de statistiques sur l\u2019apatridie au\nplan national et \u00e0 promouvoir une plus grande harmonisation des donn\u00e9es aux plans r\u00e9gional\net mondial.\n\n### **VI. Le droit au retour**\n\n\n66. Les gens ont le droit de retourner dans leur propre pays en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dans la dignit\u00e9,\net de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de tous les droits et privil\u00e8ges de citoyens qui leur sont reconnus. Le\nrapatriement volontaire dans les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de dignit\u00e9 est la seule solution\ndurable classique pr\u00e9vue par le droit international relatif aux droits de l\u2019homme. Le HCR\nmaintient sa responsabilit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale de prot\u00e9ger et d\u2019assister les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et continue de\ns\u2019int\u00e9resser en vertu de son mandat aux cons\u00e9quences de leur retour, que le rapatriement se\nfasse avec son assistance ou de mani\u00e8re spontan\u00e9e.\n\n\n67. Au cours de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, bon nombre de retours ont eu lieu dans des\ncirconstances d\u00e9favorables, rev\u00eatant dans une large mesure un caract\u00e8re spontan\u00e9, avec\nrelativement peu d\u2019appui pr\u00e9visible. Les retours ont lieu dans ces conditions, lorsque les\n\n\n\n**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se retrouvent dans des situations pr\u00e9caires dans leur pays d\u2019accueil, avec peu\nd\u2019alternatives. Le retour dans le pays d\u2019origine, lorsque le conflit n\u2019est toujours pas r\u00e9gl\u00e9 et\nque les conditions sont instables et incertaines, n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une solution\ndurable.\n\n\n68. La persistance de l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 dans beaucoup de pays, comme en Afghanistan et au\nMyanmar, emp\u00eache le retour volontaire. Le HCR et ses partenaires ont n\u00e9anmoins continu\u00e9\nde r\u00e9aliser des gains dans les zones prioritaires de retour et de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration en Afghanistan,\nassurant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et aux moyens d\u2019existence. Pour ce qui est\ndu Myanmar, une approche r\u00e9gionale globale vise \u00e0 \u00e9largir les solutions pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nRohingya et \u00e0 maintenir l\u2019appui aux pays d\u2019accueil. Elle met l\u2019accent sur la sauvegarde du\ndroit au retour et la cr\u00e9ation des conditions favorables au rapatriement volontaire, s\u00fbr, digne\net durable, en \u00e9largissant les solutions dans des pays tiers et en renfor\u00e7ant la r\u00e9silience des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la formation professionnelle et les moyens d\u2019existence. Pour\ncontribuer \u00e0 trouver des solutions durables, le HCR collabore \u00e9troitement avec l\u2019Association\ndes Nations d\u2019Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) et d\u2019autres acteurs r\u00e9gionaux ainsi qu'avec l'Envoy\u00e9\nsp\u00e9cial du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour le Myanmar. En juin 2022, l\u2019application de la clause de\ncessation pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ivoiriens est entr\u00e9e en vigueur \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9solution pacifique\nde la guerre civile ayant dur\u00e9 deux d\u00e9cennies. Les Ivoiriens qui continuent d\u2019avoir besoin de\nprotection internationale peuvent solliciter une exon\u00e9ration de la clause de cessation.\n\n\n69. Apr\u00e8s la fin officielle d\u2019un conflit, la r\u00e9insertion dans le pays d\u2019origine est souvent\ndifficile, avec les causes profondes du conflit qui ne sont toujours pas r\u00e9gl\u00e9es, les services\nqui sont d\u00e9bord\u00e9s et l\u2019inexistence des moyens d\u2019existence. La situation au Burundi met en\nlumi\u00e8re certains de ces d\u00e9fis. Si avec l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions depuis 2017, le HCR et\nses partenaires ont facilit\u00e9 le rapatriement volontaire de plus de 207 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s burundais,\nles acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement doivent renforcer leur appui afin d\u2019\u00e9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services\net aux moyens d\u2019existence dans les communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 les personnes retourn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans les plans et initiatives nationaux, et si n\u00e9cessaire des Nations Unies, pour le\nd\u00e9veloppement.\n\n### **VII. Conclusion**\n\n\n70. Au moment o\u00f9 la communaut\u00e9 internationale c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le soixante-dixi\u00e8me anniversaire\nde la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme, il est important de rappeler la valeur du\ncadre international des droits humains. Le moment est indiqu\u00e9 pour r\u00e9affirmer et renforcer\nses principes cardinaux comme le droit de demander l\u2019asile et d\u2019en jouir et le droit d\u2019\u00eatre\nprot\u00e9g\u00e9 contre le d\u00e9placement arbitraire. Les pers\u00e9cutions, les violences et les violations des\ndroits humains obligent beaucoup de personnes \u00e0 fuir leurs maisons, leurs communaut\u00e9s et\nleurs pays, comme lors des conflits ayant r\u00e9cemment captiv\u00e9 l\u2019attention de la communaut\u00e9\ninternationale. De tels facteurs emp\u00eachent aussi des millions d\u2019autres personnes d\u2019\u00eatre en\nmesure de retourner chez elles, d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits dans les pays\nd\u2019accueil et de redoubler d\u2019efforts pour trouver des solutions, par un partage effectif de la\ncharge et des responsabilit\u00e9s entre les \u00c9tats. Si les mouvements mixtes augmentent l\u2019ampleur\net la complexit\u00e9 des d\u00e9fis de d\u00e9placement, ils mettent aussi en \u00e9vidence le caract\u00e8re\nprimordial des r\u00e9ponses respectueuses des droits humains \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 dans le monde. Au\nmoment o\u00f9 le HCR, les \u00c9tats et d\u2019autre parties prenantes, y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\net les apatrides, en tant que partenaires \u00e9gaux, se pr\u00e9parent pour le deuxi\u00e8me Forum mondial\nsur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, l\u2019engagement en faveur des droits doit \u00eatre traduit en des mesures plus\nefficaces, apportant des changements positifs dans la vie des personnes ayant besoin de\nprotection.\n\n\n_____________________\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e6011b89-a248-4070-b444-382b10302abb/G2314714.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_408/raw/doc_408_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_408/raw/doc_408_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 844e8db690cd66bddb63610db048dfd3ab29fad9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- 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\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\n\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430 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\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445\n\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n18. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 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URL:\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation)\n[2 URL: https://www.refworld.org/.](https://www.refworld.org/)\n[3 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u00bb \u0441\u043c. URL: https://acsg-portal.org/wp-](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n[content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf.](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-January-2023.pdf)\n\n\n**6** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 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**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445\n\u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432.\n\n\n**A.** **\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n31. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0438\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u041e\u043d\u043e\n\n\n4 UNHCR, \u201cGuidance: Identification of persons with disabilities at registration and other data\n\n[collection efforts\u201d, URL: https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079)\n[5 URL: https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n[disabilities/strengthening-protection.](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n\n**10** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e 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\u0437\u0430\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\n\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\n\n\n6 UNHCR, \u201cThird country solutions for refugees: Roadmap 2030\u201d, June 2022,\n\n[URL:https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f 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\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f,\n\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.\n\n### **VII. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435**\n\n\n70. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e\n\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442,\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435\n\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430,\n\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\n\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\n\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\n\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435\n\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411, \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f\n\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\n\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430\n\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\n\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435.\n\n\n**18** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/39e2e117-1ff1-4672-a07c-655a25bcaca8/G2314715.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_409/raw/doc_409_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_409/raw/doc_409_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 65e4e69c7b0d7408569e3d6bd52a7abc2981d272..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_409/raw/doc_409_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Naciones Unidas A/AC.96/74/3 Asamblea General Distr. general\n\n19 de julio de 2023\nEspa\u00f1ol\nOriginal: franc\u00e9s e ingl\u00e9s\n\n\n**Comit\u00e9 Ejecutivo del Programa del Alto Comisionado**\n**74\u00ba per\u00edodo de sesiones**\n9 a 13 de octubre de 2023\nTema 4 a) del programa provisional\n**Examen de los informes sobre la labor del Comit\u00e9 Permanente:**\n**Protecci\u00f3n internacional**\n\n## **Nota sobre protecci\u00f3n internacional**\n\n\n**Nota del Alto Comisionado**\n\n\n_Resumen_\n\n\nTres cuartos de siglo despu\u00e9s de la aprobaci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de\nDerechos Humanos, el derecho a buscar asilo y disfrutar de \u00e9l, consagrado en el art\u00edculo 14\ny uno de los primeros principios de derechos humanos, sigue siendo dif\u00edcil de ejercer para\nmuchas personas que se ven obligadas a huir de los conflictos y la persecuci\u00f3n. En esta nota,\nque abarca el per\u00edodo comprendido entre julio de 2022 y junio de 2023, se examinan los\nprogresos realizados para garantizar los derechos de los refugiados, los solicitantes de asilo,\nlos retornados, los desplazados internos y los ap\u00e1tridas, as\u00ed como los importantes obst\u00e1culos\nencontrados. En ella se analiza el panorama de la protecci\u00f3n, entre otros contextos en las\ncrisis olvidadas y las situaciones prolongadas de desplazamiento, al tiempo que se destacan\nlas iniciativas destinadas a facilitar soluciones en favor de los desplazados.\n\n\nEn la nota se describe la labor complementaria que realizan la Oficina del Alto\nComisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados y sus asociados con el prop\u00f3sito\nde reforzar las respuestas a los movimientos mixtos de refugiados y migrantes, en apoyo de\nla aplicaci\u00f3n del Pacto Mundial sobre los Refugiados y el Pacto Mundial para la Migraci\u00f3n\nSegura, Ordenada y Regular. En ella se exhorta a los Estados y a todas las partes interesadas\na que preparen, con miras al Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados de 2023, promesas de\ncontribuci\u00f3n concretas y significativas que ofrezcan oportunidades para la inclusi\u00f3n, el\ndesarrollo, la educaci\u00f3n y otras esferas clave que requieren apoyo e inversi\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n se\nexponen brevemente las necesidades de las personas con mayor riesgo, como las personas\ncon discapacidad, las mujeres y los ni\u00f1os, y las personas supervivientes de la violencia de\ng\u00e9nero.\n\n\nEn la nota se llega a la conclusi\u00f3n de que hay demasiadas personas desplazadas y\nap\u00e1tridas que no pueden disfrutar de sus derechos y de que el ACNUR, los Gobiernos y los\nasociados deben redoblar los esfuerzos, colaborando con estas poblaciones, para hacerlos\nefectivos en la pr\u00e1ctica.\n\n\nGE.23-13632 (S) 240823 250823\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n## **I. Introducci\u00f3n**\n\n\n1. Este a\u00f1o se celebra el 75\u00ba aniversario de la Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de Derechos\nHumanos, fundamento del actual marco jur\u00eddico internacional de protecci\u00f3n de los derechos\nhumanos. La Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de Derechos Humanos, aprobada por la Asamblea\nGeneral de las Naciones Unidas en 1948, reconoce que la libertad, la justicia y la paz en el\nmundo tienen por base la dignidad intr\u00ednseca y los derechos iguales e inalienables de todos\nlos miembros de la familia humana (pre\u00e1mbulo, p\u00e1rr. 1). En este documento hist\u00f3rico se\nconsagraron por primera vez en un importante instrumento multilateral el derecho de las\npersonas a buscar asilo y a disfrutar de \u00e9l en caso de persecuci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como el derecho a salir\nde su pa\u00eds y a regresar a \u00e9l (arts. 13 y 14).\n\n\n2. El derecho a solicitar asilo exige que toda persona tenga acceso, en la legislaci\u00f3n y en\nla pr\u00e1ctica, a los medios para: pedir protecci\u00f3n internacional en condiciones de seguridad;\nsometer sus necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional a una evaluaci\u00f3n en el marco de\nprocedimientos de asilo justos y eficaces; y recibir protecci\u00f3n contra la expulsi\u00f3n a un\nterritorio en el que se enfrentar\u00eda a un riesgo real de sufrir persecuci\u00f3n o da\u00f1os graves. El\nderecho a disfrutar de asilo garantiza que toda persona necesitada de protecci\u00f3n internacional\npueda ejercer sus derechos con dignidad, libre de cualquier tipo de discriminaci\u00f3n, y que sea\nincluida y pueda participar en la sociedad de su pa\u00eds de acogida, lo que comprende la\neconom\u00eda nacional y otros sistemas. El derecho al retorno reconoce el v\u00ednculo que existe\nentre toda persona y su pa\u00eds de origen. En el contexto de los desplazamientos, este derecho\ngarantiza que quienes huyeron puedan regresar a su pa\u00eds de origen en condiciones de\nseguridad y dignidad, lo que pondr\u00e1 fin a su condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n\n\n3. La Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de Derechos Humanos sirvi\u00f3 de base para la Convenci\u00f3n\nsobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951 (Convenci\u00f3n de 1951) y el desarrollo del derecho\ninternacional de los refugiados y de los derechos humanos en general. Dichos instrumentos\nhan dotado de fundamento y contenido al derecho a buscar asilo y a disfrutar de \u00e9l, lo que\nincluye la garant\u00eda de los derechos civiles y pol\u00edticos, as\u00ed como econ\u00f3micos, sociales y\nculturales, de los refugiados. En este contexto, en la presente nota se examina el v\u00ednculo entre\nel desplazamiento y el disfrute de los derechos humanos fundamentales, que ha quedado\npatente en los acontecimientos mundiales que han afectado a los refugiados, los desplazados\ninternos y los ap\u00e1tridas durante el per\u00edodo comprendido entre julio de 2022 y junio de 2023.\nLa nota ha sido elaborada por la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para\nlos Refugiados (ACNUR) en cumplimiento de las responsabilidades previstas en su mandato\ny no refleja necesariamente las opiniones de todos los Estados miembros del Comit\u00e9\nEjecutivo.\n\n\n4. Los conflictos y la violencia aumentan en intensidad y prevalencia en todo el mundo,\nal tiempo que las crisis humanitarias cobran una magnitud y complejidad crecientes. La\npoblaci\u00f3n civil es la m\u00e1s afectada por los da\u00f1os resultantes y se ve desplazada en gran n\u00famero\na\u00f1o tras a\u00f1o. En 2022, el ACNUR tuvo que hacer frente a 35 emergencias en 25 pa\u00edses\nmarcados por los conflictos, la violencia, el aumento de la inflaci\u00f3n y la escasez de alimentos,\nque a menudo exacerban las vulnerabilidades existentes relacionadas con la pobreza, las\ndesigualdades de g\u00e9nero y la discriminaci\u00f3n por diversos motivos, as\u00ed como los efectos del\ncambio clim\u00e1tico y la degradaci\u00f3n ambiental. El conflicto en Ucrania acapar\u00f3 los titulares\nen 2022 y llam\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n sobre las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional de los\nrefugiados que hu\u00edan del pa\u00eds y la dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3n de los desplazados internos. M\u00e1s\nrecientemente, la crisis en el Sud\u00e1n ha puesto de relieve la necesidad de que la comunidad\ninternacional dedique m\u00e1s atenci\u00f3n y recursos, de manera oportuna, para hacer frente a las\nnuevas emergencias que se produzcan, as\u00ed como a las situaciones prolongadas en muchas\npartes del mundo.\n\n\n5. Los Estados cercanos a los pa\u00edses en crisis siguen asumiendo la mayor carga y\nresponsabilidad en la prestaci\u00f3n de apoyo a los refugiados. Pese a sus esfuerzos, hay una\nserie de factores que pueden provocar movimientos secundarios. A veces, las personas que\nnecesitan protecci\u00f3n internacional cruzan fronteras en busca de seguridad, solo para\nencontrarse en medio de una situaci\u00f3n igualmente dif\u00edcil. La violencia, la inseguridad y la\ntensi\u00f3n intercomunitaria, combinadas con la falta de servicios b\u00e1sicos y de oportunidades de\nsubsistencia, pueden obligar a los refugiados a desplazarse de nuevo. Las consecuencias del\n\n\n**2** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\ninsuficiente reparto de la carga y la responsabilidad entre los Estados y la falta de soluciones\nviables tambi\u00e9n pueden empujar a las personas a emprender peligrosas traves\u00edas a merced de\ntraficantes y tratantes, a menudo para sufrir violaciones de los derechos humanos durante el\nviaje y ver denegada su entrada en las fronteras.\n\n\n6. Aunque muchos Estados consiguieron reducir las tasas de contagio de enfermedad por\ncoronavirus (COVID-19) a niveles asumibles y proporcionar tratamientos adecuados, en\nalgunos pa\u00edses se sigui\u00f3 invocando la preocupaci\u00f3n por la salud p\u00fablica para justificar las\nrestricciones de entrada y denegar el acceso al asilo. Esta preocupaci\u00f3n se plante\u00f3 pese a la\ndisponibilidad de estrategias eficaces para gestionar las llegadas sin dejar de proteger la salud\np\u00fablica, que se hab\u00edan aplicado con \u00e9xito en muchos pa\u00edses. El a\u00f1o pasado tambi\u00e9n se\nobserv\u00f3 un discurso pol\u00edtico muy negativo y unas pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas dirigidas a impedir los\nmovimientos y las llegadas irregulares, sin garant\u00edas suficientes para asegurar el acceso al\nasilo a quienes lo necesitaban.\n\n\n7. Con objeto de hacer frente a la actual situaci\u00f3n mundial de desplazamiento, se\nnecesitan una mayor voluntad pol\u00edtica e inversiones econ\u00f3micas para poner fin al ciclo de\nviolencia, garantizar la estabilidad, restablecer el Estado de derecho y construir marcos\ns\u00f3lidos de protecci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos en los pa\u00edses afectados. Estas medidas, y no\npol\u00edticas restrictivas de gesti\u00f3n de las fronteras y la migraci\u00f3n, son necesarias con miras a\nprevenir eficazmente los desplazamientos y crear las condiciones propicias para un retorno\nseguro y sostenible. Tambi\u00e9n es preciso ofrecer m\u00e1s oportunidades de reasentamiento y v\u00edas\ncomplementarias, as\u00ed como programas de integraci\u00f3n local, para ampliar las soluciones y\nmejorar el reparto de la carga y la responsabilidad.\n\n\n8. En consonancia con el Pacto Mundial sobre los Refugiados, deben reforzarse las\nasociaciones s\u00f3lidas \u2014por ejemplo, con los Estados, los asociados de las Naciones Unidas,\nla sociedad civil, los representantes de las comunidades afectadas, los asociados para el\ndesarrollo, las instituciones financieras internacionales y el sector privado. Estas asociaciones\ndeber\u00edan orientarse hacia la protecci\u00f3n, la salvaguarda de los derechos y la b\u00fasqueda de\nsoluciones, con un esp\u00edritu solidario y un reparto eficaz de la carga y la responsabilidad, y\nalejarse de las pol\u00edticas que socavan los derechos humanos, incluido el derecho a solicitar\nasilo y a disfrutar de \u00e9l.\n\n\n9. El \u00e9nfasis en el car\u00e1cter crucial de la labor en el marco de asociaciones qued\u00f3\nplasmado en la Agenda de Acci\u00f3n del Secretario General sobre los Desplazamientos Internos.\nCon ello se reconoce que, para lograr un cambio duradero en el contexto de los\ndesplazamientos internos, se requiere no solo una respuesta humanitaria firme, sino tambi\u00e9n\nuna mayor colaboraci\u00f3n entre los actores tanto de todo el sistema de las Naciones Unidas\ncomo de fuera de \u00e9l, en particular los actores de los \u00e1mbitos del desarrollo, la paz y el clima.\n\n## **II. El derecho a solicitar asilo**\n\n\n**A. Movimientos mixtos**\n\n\n10. Las personas que buscan protecci\u00f3n internacional siguen cruzando fronteras junto a\nquienes se desplazan por razones diferentes, a menudo siguiendo rutas similares y\nenfrent\u00e1ndose a riesgos parecidos. El aumento de los movimientos de poblaci\u00f3n ha\nimpulsado importantes iniciativas que tratan de responder mejor a los flujos mixtos de\nrefugiados y migrantes. Abordar este fen\u00f3meno requiere la adopci\u00f3n de un enfoque integral\ny colaborativo, que vaya acompa\u00f1ada de la realizaci\u00f3n de inversiones en creaci\u00f3n de\ncapacidad, el desarrollo de sistemas eficaces de gesti\u00f3n del asilo y la migraci\u00f3n, el apoyo a\nla integraci\u00f3n y la puesta en marcha de iniciativas de desarrollo y asociaciones innovadoras.\n\n\n11. Las respuestas deben basarse en la firme adhesi\u00f3n a las obligaciones jur\u00eddicas\ninternacionales y en la cooperaci\u00f3n basada en la solidaridad y el reparto de la carga y\nresponsabilidad. Es primordial mantener y ampliar el acceso al asilo en todos los pa\u00edses y\nregiones. Esta labor debe ir asociada a iniciativas espec\u00edficas para reforzar el asilo y la\nb\u00fasqueda de soluciones en las regiones de origen y a lo largo de las principales rutas. En\ncolaboraci\u00f3n con sus asociados, el ACNUR intensific\u00f3 las medidas destinadas a reforzar la\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nprotecci\u00f3n y las soluciones en el contexto de los desplazamientos mixtos y secundarios. La\nOficina continuar\u00e1 en esta direcci\u00f3n.\n\n\n12. Hay que reconocer que no es posible, ni est\u00e1 justificado, detener todos los\nmovimientos de poblaci\u00f3n. Partiendo del reconocimiento de que tanto los migrantes como\nlos refugiados merecen seguridad y respeto a sus derechos, el ACNUR y la Organizaci\u00f3n\nInternacional para las Migraciones (OIM) acordaron un marco de colaboraci\u00f3n a finales\nde 2022. El marco se centra en el fortalecimiento de las respuestas conjuntas a los\nmovimientos mixtos de refugiados y migrantes, las soluciones duraderas para los desplazados\ninternos y los datos. Ambas organizaciones se comprometieron a llevar a cabo una labor\nconjunta de an\u00e1lisis y promoci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como una planificaci\u00f3n y respuesta conjunta en los\ncontextos que proceda. Se realizar\u00e1n intervenciones program\u00e1ticas espec\u00edficas, basadas en la\ngesti\u00f3n coordinada de datos e informaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n13. En Nigeria, las dos organizaciones informaron conjuntamente a las comunidades\nsobre los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n durante el viaje. En el Camer\u00fan y el Gab\u00f3n apoyaron la\ncreaci\u00f3n de la capacidad de las autoridades fronterizas locales. Con el fin de hacer frente a\nlos riesgos y reforzar los derechos de los refugiados y los migrantes, el ACNUR ha\npropugnado la aplicaci\u00f3n complementaria del Pacto Mundial sobre los Refugiados y el Pacto\nMundial para la Migraci\u00f3n Segura, Ordenada y Regular, en particular a trav\u00e9s de la\nformulaci\u00f3n de promesas de contribuci\u00f3n en el Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados de 2023.\n\n\n14. Siguieron produci\u00e9ndose tr\u00e1gicos incidentes durante la traves\u00eda en los que refugiados\ny migrantes perdieron la vida, como los ocurridos en el Mediterr\u00e1neo central, el mar de\nAndam\u00e1n, el golfo de Bengala y el Dari\u00e9n. Preocupado por la insuficiente capacidad de\nb\u00fasqueda y salvamento y consciente de la necesidad de desembarcar de forma segura y\noportuna a los refugiados y los migrantes rescatados, el ACNUR celebr\u00f3 las iniciativas de la\nUni\u00f3n Europea para gestionar los movimientos mixtos a trav\u00e9s del Mediterr\u00e1neo central,\nentre otras cosas mediante la adopci\u00f3n de un plan de acci\u00f3n y medidas operacionales.\nTambi\u00e9n se congratul\u00f3 por los esfuerzos para hacer frente a un aumento del 360 % en los\nmovimientos secundarios de refugiados rohiny\u00e1s en el mar de Andam\u00e1n y el golfo de Bengala\ndurante el pasado a\u00f1o, en particular la activaci\u00f3n del segundo Mecanismo de Consulta del\nProceso de Bali en abril de 2023. En respuesta al aumento de las salidas por mar, la OIM, el\nACNUR y el Organismo de Obras P\u00fablicas y Socorro de las Naciones Unidas para los\nRefugiados de Palestina en el Cercano Oriente exhortaron a los Estados ribere\u00f1os a que\nreforzaran las capacidades de b\u00fasqueda y salvamento y garantizaran la previsibilidad en la\nidentificaci\u00f3n de lugares seguros para el desembarco. Es necesario seguir actuando para\nabordar las causas profundas de estos movimientos, y se insta a los Estados a que mejoren el\nacceso a v\u00edas seguras y legales, como alternativas viables a las traves\u00edas peligrosas, en\nconsonancia con el principio de reparto de la carga y la responsabilidad.\n\n\n**B.** **Sistemas de asilo**\n\n\n15. Los sistemas nacionales de asilo de algunos pa\u00edses tuvieron dificultades para afrontar\nel creciente n\u00famero de solicitudes de asilo. Algunos Estados se esforzaron por ampliar sus\ncapacidades para reducir los retrasos en la tramitaci\u00f3n y recibir a las personas en busca de\nasilo, mientras que otros respondieron con intentos de cerrar sus fronteras y denegar el acceso\na los procedimientos de asilo, o de eludir las responsabilidades que les impon\u00eda el derecho\ninternacional trasladando a los solicitantes de asilo a terceros pa\u00edses, a pesar de las\ncondiciones inseguras y los marcos de protecci\u00f3n inadecuados existentes. Como\nconsecuencia de ello, en todas las partes del mundo se produjeron vulneraciones del principio\nde no devoluci\u00f3n, que se tradujeron, entre otras pr\u00e1cticas, en expulsiones arbitrarias y\ndevoluciones sumarias violentas o reconducciones en frontera. Se recuerda a los Estados su\nobligaci\u00f3n de respetar el principio de no devoluci\u00f3n, que es fundamental para el derecho a\nbuscar asilo y disfrutar de \u00e9l. Este principio, que queda articulado en la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951\ny otros instrumentos de derechos humanos y constituye una norma de derecho internacional\nconsuetudinario, debe respetarse mediante acciones decididas que impidan la expulsi\u00f3n de\npersonas a pa\u00edses donde corren el riesgo de sufrir da\u00f1os graves.\n\n\n**4** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n16. La existencia de sistemas de asilo s\u00f3lidos y mecanismos eficaces para identificar las\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional sigue siendo esencial para que los Estados puedan\nbrindar protecci\u00f3n a quienes buscan seguridad frente a los conflictos y la persecuci\u00f3n. Dichos\nsistemas y mecanismos deben garantizar que todos los civiles que huyen de la violencia y la\npersecuci\u00f3n tengan un acceso no discriminatorio a un territorio seguro, reciban protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional y puedan disfrutar de sus derechos fundamentales, con independencia de su\nnacionalidad, raza, origen \u00e9tnico, religi\u00f3n, afiliaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, orientaci\u00f3n sexual o identidad\nde g\u00e9nero o de cualquier otro motivo. El fin de las restricciones a los viajes relacionadas con\nla COVID-19 en muchos pa\u00edses, combinado con numerosos acontecimientos que han\nprovocado la presencia de refugiados \u2014como el actual conflicto armado en Ucrania y la\nsituaci\u00f3n en el Afganist\u00e1n\u2014, hizo que el n\u00famero de nuevas solicitudes de asilo aumentara\ndr\u00e1sticamente en 2022. Como consecuencia de ello, muchos Estados reforzaron sus\nprocedimientos de asilo con el fin de maximizar la protecci\u00f3n ofrecida a las personas en\nbusca de seguridad. Algunos lograron mejorar su eficacia mediante la aplicaci\u00f3n de enfoques\n_prima facie_ para el reconocimiento colectivo de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, por ejemplo, en\nla Rep\u00fablica Centroafricana con respecto a las llegadas procedentes de Sud\u00e1n del Sur y en\nBenin en relaci\u00f3n con las llegadas procedentes de Burkina Faso. El ACNUR colabor\u00f3 con\nlos Estados en el desarrollo de sistemas de asilo justos y eficaces y en la adopci\u00f3n de leyes y\npol\u00edticas nacionales conformes con las normas jur\u00eddicas internacionales. Benin y el Senegal\naprobaron nuevas leyes que se ajustaban en gran medida a las normas jur\u00eddicas\ninternacionales y regionales. Ambos pa\u00edses otorgan a los refugiados amplios derechos, como\nel derecho al asilo y a la protecci\u00f3n contra la devoluci\u00f3n, y fomentan soluciones facilitando\nel acceso al empleo, la educaci\u00f3n, la propiedad, la documentaci\u00f3n y, en algunos casos, la\nnaturalizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n17. En algunos Estados tambi\u00e9n se emplearon medidas pr\u00e1cticas para complementar el\nr\u00e9gimen de asilo. En la Rep\u00fablica Isl\u00e1mica del Ir\u00e1n, se realiz\u00f3 un recuento, gracias al cual\n2,6 millones de afganos pudieron obtener documentaci\u00f3n temporal. En las Am\u00e9ricas, los\nvenezolanos necesitados de protecci\u00f3n internacional siguieron disfrutando de acceso al asilo,\nla protecci\u00f3n temporal y la regularizaci\u00f3n en la Argentina, Colombia, el Ecuador, el Per\u00fa, la\nRep\u00fablica Dominicana y el Uruguay. El Brasil ampli\u00f3 su pol\u00edtica de concesi\u00f3n de visados\nhumanitarios y protecci\u00f3n temporal para los haitianos. Costa Rica confiri\u00f3 una categor\u00eda\nespecial temporal por motivos humanitarios a determinadas personas procedentes de Cuba,\nNicaragua y Venezuela (Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de), cuyas solicitudes de asilo hubieran sido\ndenegadas pero que no pod\u00edan regresar a su pa\u00eds de origen. Belice puso en marcha un\nprograma de amnist\u00eda para extranjeros indocumentados, incluidos solicitantes de asilo, que\nofrec\u00eda una v\u00eda para la residencia permanente. Los ucranianos siguieron benefici\u00e1ndose de\nprotecci\u00f3n temporal en virtud de una directiva de la Uni\u00f3n Europea y de reg\u00edmenes\nnacionales de protecci\u00f3n en toda Europa y en otras partes del mundo. Estos mecanismos son\nesenciales para proporcionar protecci\u00f3n en el contexto de los desplazamientos en gran escala\ny los conflictos en curso.\n\n\n18. En una evaluaci\u00f3n independiente de la labor del ACNUR en apoyo del desarrollo de\nla capacidad de asilo [1], publicada en 2022, se formularon varias recomendaciones\nfundamentales, entre otras, que la organizaci\u00f3n revisara y ampliara su estrategia y\norientaciones en ese \u00e1mbito y adoptara un enfoque m\u00e1s estrat\u00e9gico y basado en los resultados.\nEl ACNUR est\u00e1 resuelto a apoyar m\u00e1s eficazmente a los Estados en el marco de la respuesta\nde la administraci\u00f3n a la evaluaci\u00f3n. Ello incluye la elaboraci\u00f3n, en estrecha consulta con los\nEstados, de una estrategia quinquenal de desarrollo de la capacidad de asilo, que configurar\u00e1\nla actuaci\u00f3n de la Oficina en esta esfera en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os.\n\n\n19. El ACNUR public\u00f3 orientaciones para prestar apoyo a los Estados en la toma de\ndecisiones relativas a las solicitudes de asilo, en particular impartiendo orientaci\u00f3n a los\npa\u00edses. Public\u00f3 su posici\u00f3n sobre los retornos a la Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo y al\nSud\u00e1n, consideraciones de protecci\u00f3n internacional sobre Nicaragua y Somalia, y una nota\nde orientaci\u00f3n sobre el Afganist\u00e1n [2] . El ACNUR tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 modernizando su sitio web\n\n\n1 ACNUR, \u201cUNHCR Asylum Capacity Development Evaluation\u201d; puede consultarse en\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/es/2022/01-unhcr-asylum-capacity-development-evaluation)\n[2 Puede consultarse en https://www.refworld.org.es/.](https://www.refworld.org.es/)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nRefworld, que proporciona a las instancias decisorias y otras partes interesadas informaci\u00f3n\nacerca de pol\u00edticas y legislaci\u00f3n, para facilitar su uso.\n\n\n20. En m\u00e1s de 50 pa\u00edses en los que lleva a cabo la determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado en virtud de su mandato, el ACNUR sigui\u00f3 mejorando la calidad y la eficacia de\nsus procedimientos. Durante la tramitaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 91.000 solicitudes individuales\nen 2022, la Oficina desarroll\u00f3 la capacidad de su personal para examinar tipos concretos de\nsolicitudes y trabajar con personas con necesidades espec\u00edficas, como ni\u00f1os y personas con\nnecesidades de salud mental.\n\n\n21. En el Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados de 2019, muchos Estados formularon\npromesas de contribuci\u00f3n destinadas a mejorar sus sistemas de asilo y a prestar apoyo a otros\npa\u00edses para que lo hicieran. Sin embargo, a\u00fan quedan por cumplir muchas promesas de\ncontribuci\u00f3n en este \u00e1mbito. La demanda de apoyo a la capacidad de asilo supera con creces\nla oferta. En el Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados de 2023, se instar\u00e1 a los Estados a que\nvuelvan a comprometerse con los principios fundamentales de protecci\u00f3n y a formular\npromesas en esta esfera que sean concretas y aplicables. El ACNUR respald\u00f3 el\ncumplimiento de las promesas relativas al asilo y, en particular, las iniciativas del Grupo de\nApoyo a la Capacidad de Asilo. El portal en l\u00ednea del Grupo de Apoyo contiene buenas\npr\u00e1cticas, que resultan \u00fatiles para la formulaci\u00f3n de nuevas promesas. En respuesta a los\nllamamientos para que dicho Grupo asumiera un papel m\u00e1s activo como coordinador en el\nespacio dedicado a la capacidad de asilo, a principios de este a\u00f1o se puso en marcha la\nPlataforma de Di\u00e1logo [3] .\n\n## **III. El derecho a disfrutar de asilo**\n\n\n22. Desde que se aprob\u00f3 la Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de Derechos Humanos, el derecho a\nbuscar asilo y a disfrutar de \u00e9l se ha desarrollado mediante los marcos del derecho\ninternacional de los refugiados y del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, as\u00ed\ncomo de otras ramas pertinentes del derecho. La Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de Derechos\nHumanos y la evoluci\u00f3n jur\u00eddica posterior han conferido a los refugiados un cat\u00e1logo de\nderechos, incluidos los socioecon\u00f3micos y los civiles y pol\u00edticos. Para garantizar el acceso al\nasilo y su disfrute efectivo, es preciso adoptar un enfoque centrado en las personas, que\nreconozca la necesidad del respeto incondicional de los derechos y la dignidad humana.\nAunque existen retos, como la violencia de g\u00e9nero, la xenofobia, el estancamiento de las\neconom\u00edas, las escasas oportunidades socioecon\u00f3micas y los desastres, los avances en\nmateria de inclusi\u00f3n y la ampliaci\u00f3n de las oportunidades para encontrar soluciones en los\n\u00faltimos a\u00f1os han permitido a muchos refugiados disfrutar m\u00e1s plenamente del asilo y de los\nderechos que conlleva.\n\n\n23. La estigmatizaci\u00f3n, los prejuicios y la marginaci\u00f3n pueden impedir que las personas\ndesplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas disfruten de los derechos que les confiere el derecho internacional.\nPor tanto, es esencial prevenir y combatir la discriminaci\u00f3n, sea cual sea el motivo. El\nACNUR colabora con sus asociados para velar por que las personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas\npuedan participar en las econom\u00edas y sociedades en las que residen y tengan un acceso\nefectivo a sus derechos a trav\u00e9s de sistemas que sean seguros, no discriminatorios e\ninclusivos.\n\n\n24. Durante el pasado a\u00f1o, el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico desigual y lento merm\u00f3 la\ncapacidad, y a veces la voluntad, de los Estados de prestar apoyo a los refugiados, los\ndesplazados y los ap\u00e1tridas de forma compatible con sus derechos. Esto empuj\u00f3 a muchos a\nla pobreza, sobre todo en los pa\u00edses en que el acceso al trabajo y a otras fuentes de subsistencia\nera limitado. Aunque est\u00e1 claro que los refugiados pueden hacer aportaciones positivas a su\npa\u00eds de acogida a largo plazo, su presencia puede tener importantes repercusiones a corto\nplazo en las econom\u00edas locales, como la subida del precio de los alimentos. As\u00ed pues, se ha\nobservado un aumento de la ret\u00f3rica contra los refugiados, la violencia y los desplazamientos\nen algunos pa\u00edses de acogida, especialmente en los que ya afrontan dificultades.\n\n\n3 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la Plataforma de Di\u00e1logo, v\u00e9ase https://acsg-portal.org/wp\n[content/uploads/2023/03/Spanish-ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-March-2023.pdf.](https://acsg-portal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Spanish-ACSG-Dialogue-Platform-March-2023.pdf)\n\n\n**6** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\n25. En 2022, en muchos pa\u00edses los desastres menoscabaron la capacidad de las personas\npara disfrutar de asilo y provocaron nuevos desplazamientos. Entre julio y septiembre, m\u00e1s\nde 3,4 millones de refugiados, desplazados internos y miembros de las comunidades de\nacogida se vieron afectados por las inundaciones en Burkina Faso, el Camer\u00fan, el Chad, Mal\u00ed,\nel N\u00edger y Nigeria. En Sud\u00e1n del Sur, m\u00e1s de 1 mill\u00f3n de personas necesitaron asistencia tras\nlas graves inundaciones que tuvieron lugar en noviembre. En el Pakist\u00e1n, las inundaciones\nafectaron a unos 33 millones de personas, destruyendo y causando da\u00f1os a viviendas, tierras\nde labranza y ganado, y afectando tanto a los refugiados como a las comunidades de acogida.\nA principios de 2023, los terremotos que asolaron la Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria y T\u00fcrkiye se\ncobraron la vida de decenas de miles de personas, entre ellas refugiados, y afectaron a\nmillones, dejando a muchas heridas y sin cobijo. La sequ\u00eda fue una de las causas y el resultado\nde los desplazamientos en el Cuerno de \u00c1frica, regi\u00f3n que entraba en su quinta estaci\u00f3n\nh\u00fameda consecutiva sin lluvias. El ACNUR participa activamente en la respuesta a los\ndesastres en pa\u00edses y comunidades vulnerables, donde se ven afectados los refugiados, los\ndesplazados internos, los ap\u00e1tridas y las comunidades de acogida. Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1\ncontribuyendo a reducir los riesgos mediante la mejora de la labor de preparaci\u00f3n y el\nfortalecimiento de la resiliencia, en consonancia con su Marco Estrat\u00e9gico para la Acci\u00f3n\nClim\u00e1tica, publicado en 2021.\n\n\n26. El ACNUR, los agentes de desarrollo, los asociados humanitarios y las instituciones\nfinancieras internacionales pueden aprovechar su pericia, an\u00e1lisis y financiaci\u00f3n para\npromover la estabilidad y el progreso en las comunidades de acogida, al tiempo que se vela\npor el acceso a la protecci\u00f3n y a soluciones. Una coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional eficaz es\ncrucial para esta labor. El Plan Regional para los Refugiados y la Resiliencia en respuesta a\nla crisis de los refugiados sirios, codirigido por el ACNUR y el Programa de las Naciones\nUnidas para el Desarrollo, asegura los v\u00ednculos entre la respuesta humanitaria y las estrategias\nnacionales a m\u00e1s largo plazo en pro del crecimiento inclusivo y el desarrollo sostenible. En\nlas Am\u00e9ricas, la Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n Interagencial para Refugiados y Migrantes de\nVenezuela (Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de) puso en marcha su Plan de Respuesta 2023-2024. El\nplan re\u00fane a m\u00e1s de 200 asociados que llevan a cabo actividades humanitarias, de protecci\u00f3n\ny socioecon\u00f3micas en favor de los refugiados y migrantes venezolanos y las comunidades de\nacogida. En Costa Rica, el Mecanismo Mundial de Financiaci\u00f3n en Condiciones Favorables,\ngestionado por el Banco Mundial, proporciona fondos destinados a proyectos de ayuda para\nel desarrollo, que benefician a solicitantes de asilo, refugiados y comunidades de acogida.\n\n\n**A.** **Inclusi\u00f3n en los sistemas y econom\u00edas nacionales y en la acci\u00f3n**\n**para el desarrollo**\n\n\n27. El n\u00famero total de desplazados sigue aumentando; la mayor parte lleva en esa\nsituaci\u00f3n al menos cinco a\u00f1os y se encuentra en algunos de los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s pobres del mundo.\nSeg\u00fan el Banco Mundial, la mayor\u00eda de esas personas son acogidas en pa\u00edses de ingreso bajo\ny mediano-bajo, con econom\u00edas fr\u00e1giles y servicios nacionales deficientes, que dependen en\ngran medida de la asistencia internacional, y en los que las leyes son a veces restrictivas y se\nenfrentan a problemas de aplicaci\u00f3n. En muchos pa\u00edses que acogen a un gran n\u00famero de\nrefugiados se ha observado un empeoramiento de las condiciones de vida tanto de los\nrefugiados como de las comunidades de acogida. El desplazamiento y la apatridia no son solo\npreocupaciones humanitarias, sino que tienen implicaciones a m\u00e1s largo plazo para el\ndesarrollo. La protecci\u00f3n y el desarrollo son, por tanto, interdependientes y se refuerzan\nmutuamente.\n\n\n28. Las iniciativas de desarrollo a m\u00e1s largo plazo pueden alentar a los gobiernos a crear\nmarcos jur\u00eddicos s\u00f3lidos y a formular pol\u00edticas y programas plenamente inclusivos. De\nconformidad con su mandato, el ACNUR apoya la adhesi\u00f3n a los instrumentos jur\u00eddicos\ninternacionales y regionales, en particular la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 y su Protocolo de 1967, la\nretirada de las reservas y la aprobaci\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de leyes y pol\u00edticas inclusivas para\nreforzar los sistemas nacionales y la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios. La colaboraci\u00f3n entre la acci\u00f3n\nhumanitaria, la asistencia para el desarrollo y la consolidaci\u00f3n de la paz puede ayudar a los\npa\u00edses y comunidades afectados a evitar las crisis y responder a ellas, as\u00ed como a avanzar en\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nel \u00e1mbito de la protecci\u00f3n y la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones, al tiempo que estimula el crecimiento\necon\u00f3mico y aumenta el bienestar de las sociedades de acogida.\n\n\n29. Sin embargo, muchos pa\u00edses tienen leyes, pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas que excluyen a las\npersonas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas del acceso a sus derechos. Por ejemplo, el 44 % de los\nEstados contratantes han formulado reservas que limitan los derechos reconocidos a los\nrefugiados en la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 y su Protocolo de 1967. Aproximadamente el 70 % de\nlos refugiados viven en pa\u00edses con restricciones legales a su empleo formal, en los que no se\nles permite abrir y gestionar negocios, no pueden acceder a tierras destinadas a la agricultura\ny tienen limitada la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n. Incluso en pa\u00edses con leyes y pol\u00edticas favorables,\npersisten los problemas derivados de la discriminaci\u00f3n y la falta de concienciaci\u00f3n sobre los\nderechos de los refugiados. Como se destaca en el _Informe sobre el desarrollo mundial_,\npublicado por el Banco Mundial en mayo de 2023, esto no solo afecta gravemente a la\nautosuficiencia de los refugiados, sino que tambi\u00e9n genera la p\u00e9rdida de oportunidades de\natender las necesidades del mercado laboral. En el informe, en el que se reconocen los\ndistintos derechos y necesidades de protecci\u00f3n de los refugiados, junto con los migrantes, se\nexaminan los retos y las importantes y excepcionales oportunidades en este \u00e1mbito. Entre\nellas se encuentra la posibilidad de que los Estados aprovechen el potencial econ\u00f3mico de\nlos refugiados y los migrantes para hacer frente a la escasez de mano de obra en el mercado\nlaboral, entre otras cosas mediante el reconocimiento de su derecho al trabajo y la adopci\u00f3n\nde respuestas a la movilidad humana m\u00e1s estrat\u00e9gicas y con mayor visi\u00f3n de futuro.\n\n\n30. Muchos pa\u00edses de ingreso bajo y mediano asumieron compromisos de gran alcance en\nel contexto del primer Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados, celebrado en 2019, y de los\nex\u00e1menes peri\u00f3dicos universales para mejorar el acceso a los derechos e incluir a los\nrefugiados en los sistemas y econom\u00edas nacionales. Sin embargo, para cumplir estos\ncompromisos se necesita capacidad y financiaci\u00f3n suficiente y previsible a largo plazo.\nAunque en numerosos pa\u00edses se ha avanzado en la inclusi\u00f3n en los sistemas nacionales, como\nfase previa al logro de soluciones duraderas, estas iniciativas dependen de las contribuciones\ncanalizadas a trav\u00e9s del ACNUR y otros actores humanitarios.\n\n\n31. Estas cuestiones se examinaron en el Di\u00e1logo del Alto Comisionado sobre Problemas\nde Protecci\u00f3n, celebrado en diciembre de 2022, en el que se hizo balance de los progresos\nlogrados y de los retos pendientes en lo relativo a reforzar la cooperaci\u00f3n para el desarrollo\nen todo el ciclo de desplazamiento, centr\u00e1ndose en la acci\u00f3n temprana, la inclusi\u00f3n y las\nsoluciones. En el Di\u00e1logo se puso de relieve el potencial de los mecanismos y marcos\nregionales de coordinaci\u00f3n. En diciembre de 2022, se conmemor\u00f3 el quinto aniversario del\nMarco Integral Regional para la Protecci\u00f3n y Soluciones (MIRPS) en las Am\u00e9ricas con la\naprobaci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n de la Ciudad de Tegucigalpa. El prop\u00f3sito era fortalecer las\ninstituciones nacionales y locales y fomentar el di\u00e1logo y las acciones de responsabilidad\ncompartida y solidaridad regional. Se formularon recomendaciones estrat\u00e9gicas y se\npropusieron medidas con miras a consolidar la cooperaci\u00f3n acci\u00f3n humanitaria-desarrollo y\nmejorar conjuntamente el acceso a los derechos en la legislaci\u00f3n, las pol\u00edticas y la pr\u00e1ctica.\n\n\n**B.** **Acceso a los servicios**\n\n\n32. Las pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas inclusivas pueden contribuir a garantizar el acceso a los\nderechos de las personas en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y con necesidades espec\u00edficas.\nTeniendo en cuenta las consideraciones relativas a la edad, el sexo y la diversidad, as\u00ed como\nlas necesidades espec\u00edficas, la Oficina promueve el acceso de los refugiados, los desplazados\ninternos y los ap\u00e1tridas a los servicios, y reconoce la necesidad de lograr un reparto eficaz de\nla responsabilidad y prestar apoyo a los pa\u00edses y comunidades de acogida. En Jordania y\nMauritania, el ACNUR y el Programa Mundial de Alimentos (PMA) adoptaron un enfoque\nconjunto armonizado de caracterizaci\u00f3n para evaluar el bienestar de los hogares vulnerables.\nLa inclusi\u00f3n financiera se asegur\u00f3 en la Argentina, el Brasil y Costa Rica con medidas\ndestinadas a proporcionar el acceso a cuentas bancarias. En el Ecuador y M\u00e9xico se alent\u00f3 a\nlas empresas privadas a emplear a refugiados, y en Chile se respald\u00f3 la formaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica,\nal tiempo que se comercializaban productos y servicios ofrecidos por los refugiados a trav\u00e9s\nde asociaciones con el sector privado. En Colombia, casi 1,5 millones de venezolanos\nrecibieron permisos por protecci\u00f3n temporal, y otros 500.000 fueron registrados\n\n\n**8** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nbiom\u00e9tricamente, lo que facilit\u00f3 su acceso a los derechos y a la inclusi\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica.\nLa respuesta integrada de Uganda en favor de los refugiados sirve de modelo para la inclusi\u00f3n\nsocioecon\u00f3mica de este grupo de poblaci\u00f3n en las comunidades de acogida, ya que en el pa\u00eds\nllega a resultar dif\u00edcil distinguir entre muchos asentamientos de refugiados y las comunidades\nde acogida.\n\n\n33. En respuesta a la creciente inseguridad alimentaria en algunas regiones, el ACNUR y\nel PMA elaboraron una programaci\u00f3n conjunta con objeto de facilitar una mayor\nautosuficiencia. En cuatro pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica (Kenya, Malawi, Sud\u00e1n del Sur y Zimbabwe), el\nACNUR puso en marcha programas de cr\u00eda de insectos para la obtenci\u00f3n de alimentos,\npiensos y fertilizantes, con el fin de promover enfoques verdes innovadores y de bajo costo\nque mejoraran la seguridad alimentaria, el empleo y las oportunidades de generaci\u00f3n de\ningresos para los refugiados y las comunidades de acogida.\n\n\n34. El ACNUR est\u00e1 colaborando con diversos Estados y asociados para generar\noportunidades de inclusi\u00f3n, conforme a lo previsto en su Estrategia de Colaboraci\u00f3n con los\nActores para el Desarrollo. En la Rep\u00fablica del Congo, gracias a la financiaci\u00f3n del\nsubservicio para los refugiados de la Asociaci\u00f3n Internacional de Fomento del Banco\nMundial, la Oficina presta apoyo para la ejecuci\u00f3n de un proyecto de red de protecci\u00f3n social\nen Likouala y su expansi\u00f3n a Brazzaville y Pointe Noire, en consonancia con la postura del\nGobierno favorable a la inclusi\u00f3n. El proyecto proporciona a miles de refugiados y miembros\nde las comunidades de acogida asistencia en efectivo y subvenciones para actividades\ngeneradoras de ingresos. En Mauritania, gracias a una iniciativa en la que participan el\nACNUR y varios asociados, los hogares de refugiados se han inscrito en el registro social\nnacional, reciben transferencias peri\u00f3dicas en efectivo y pueden optar a subsidios para la\natenci\u00f3n primaria de la salud. En Colombia, la integraci\u00f3n social y econ\u00f3mica de los\nvenezolanos beneficiarios de protecci\u00f3n temporal se financi\u00f3 con fondos para el desarrollo.\nEn la Rep\u00fablica de Moldova, el ACNUR y sus asociados colaboran con el Gobierno para\nmejorar la inclusi\u00f3n mediante la asistencia y los servicios sociales, al tiempo que se refuerzan\nlas oportunidades laborales.\n\n\n35. La inclusi\u00f3n facilita la integraci\u00f3n de las poblaciones desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas en sus\ncomunidades de acogida, lo que beneficia a las sociedades y econom\u00edas de acogida al paliar\nla escasez de competencias y mano de obra y contribuir a los ingresos fiscales. La reubicaci\u00f3n\nde poblaciones desplazadas en M\u00e9xico y el Brasil en zonas donde pueden acceder a empleo,\nvivienda y educaci\u00f3n son ejemplos positivos en este sentido.\n\n\n36. El ACNUR defiende los derechos de las personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas con\ndiscapacidad. A trav\u00e9s de una asociaci\u00f3n mundial con la Alianza Internacional de la\nDiscapacidad, la Oficina celebr\u00f3 consultas mundiales con m\u00e1s de 200 participantes, con\nmiras a determinar esferas prioritarias sobre la inclusi\u00f3n de la discapacidad para 2023 y a\u00f1os\nposteriores. Se elaboraron orientaciones [4] con vistas a garantizar la identificaci\u00f3n oportuna de\nlas personas con discapacidad y una respuesta adecuada. En Honduras, el ACNUR colabor\u00f3\ncon Save the Children, la Asociaci\u00f3n de Sordos de Honduras y la Uni\u00f3n Nacional de Ciegos\nHondure\u00f1os en la elaboraci\u00f3n de material de capacitaci\u00f3n sobre el desplazamiento forzado,\ndestinado a personas con deficiencias visuales y auditivas. Se imparti\u00f3 formaci\u00f3n al personal\nde protecci\u00f3n del ACNUR y a los coordinadores de la inclusi\u00f3n de la discapacidad en la\nregi\u00f3n de Oriente Medio y Norte de \u00c1frica, y en la Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo, donde\nse dieron a conocer herramientas pr\u00e1cticas y el m\u00f3dulo de capacitaci\u00f3n de la Oficina sobre\nla inclusi\u00f3n de la discapacidad [5] .\n\n\n37. El ACNUR emple\u00f3 enfoques comunitarios de protecci\u00f3n para garantizar una mayor\nparticipaci\u00f3n de las personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas mediante la cooperaci\u00f3n con\norganizaciones de base dirigidas por refugiados, habida cuenta de que las estructuras\ncomunitarias suelen ser las primeras en responder ante una crisis humanitaria. Tambi\u00e9n se\napoy\u00f3 a las mujeres desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas en las estructuras comunitarias de liderazgo y\ngesti\u00f3n. En Darfur (Sud\u00e1n), la Oficina proporcion\u00f3 a las estructuras comunitarias equipos y\n\n\n4 ACNUR, \u201cGuidance: Identification of persons with disabilities at registration and other data\n\n[collection efforts\u201d; puede consultarse en https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/65079)\n[5 Puede consultarse en https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n[individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection.](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/how-we-work/safeguarding-individuals/persons-disabilities/strengthening-protection)\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\notros recursos para prestar apoyo de primera l\u00ednea. En Malta, el ACNUR respald\u00f3 las\niniciativas de movilizaci\u00f3n comunitaria contra la mutilaci\u00f3n genital femenina. Numerosas\noperaciones del ACNUR reforzaron los programas de voluntariado comunitario, que\nfacilitaban la labor de divulgaci\u00f3n y la identificaci\u00f3n de personas con necesidades\nespec\u00edficas.\n\n\n38. En el Chad, Mal\u00ed y el N\u00edger se emprendieron iniciativas para mejorar la implicaci\u00f3n\ncomunitaria a trav\u00e9s de la conectividad digital. En Europa, el ACNUR puso en marcha el\nCentro Regional de Contacto, que facilitaba informaci\u00f3n esencial a los refugiados\nprocedentes de Ucrania que se encontraban en los pa\u00edses vecinos. A nivel mundial, la Oficina\ncontaba con 93 sitios web de asistencia (Help.UNHCR.org), que proporcionaban acceso a\ninformaci\u00f3n en 32 idiomas y recibieron 14 millones de visitas en 2022. En el Afganist\u00e1n, se\nreforz\u00f3 la asistencia a las mujeres y ni\u00f1as afganas mediante la provisi\u00f3n de apoyo psicosocial,\nalojamiento de emergencia, centros comunitarios, escuelas y actividades de fomento de la\npeque\u00f1a empresa. Es crucial mantener este apoyo, en vista de los esfuerzos por excluir a las\nni\u00f1as de la educaci\u00f3n secundaria, prohibir a las mujeres ir a la universidad e impedir que el\npersonal femenino de las Naciones Unidas y sus asociados trabaje para satisfacer las\nnecesidades fundamentales.\n\n\n39. En consonancia con su agenda de localizaci\u00f3n, el ACNUR reforz\u00f3 su apoyo a las\norganizaciones dirigidas por personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas. Ayud\u00f3 a desarrollar la\ncapacidad de los voluntarios de las comunidades desplazadas y fortaleci\u00f3 las estructuras\ncomunitarias. En 2022, se estableci\u00f3 un acuerdo simplificado de asociaci\u00f3n para las\norganizaciones de base con el fin de facilitar su acceso a los recursos a peque\u00f1a escala. Con\nvistas a facilitar una colaboraci\u00f3n efectiva, en 2022, el ACNUR cre\u00f3 una junta consultiva\ncon 16 organizaciones miembros lideradas por refugiados, desplazados internos y ap\u00e1tridas.\n\n\n**C.** **Protecci\u00f3n de la infancia y educaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n40. Los ni\u00f1os representan el 41 % de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial desplazada. A lo largo del a\u00f1o\npasado, persistieron los complejos riesgos para la protecci\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os en el contexto de\nnuevas emergencias y desplazamientos prolongados. Los sistemas nacionales de protecci\u00f3n\nde la infancia tuvieron dificultades para responder eficazmente a los diversos problemas de\nprotecci\u00f3n, y las soluciones que redundaran en el inter\u00e9s superior del ni\u00f1o siguieron siendo\nescasas. Entre los riesgos para la protecci\u00f3n de la infancia figuraban el maltrato, la violencia,\nel descuido, la explotaci\u00f3n, el trabajo infantil y el matrimonio infantil, la separaci\u00f3n familiar\ny la falta de acceso a los servicios y la atenci\u00f3n. Los ni\u00f1os tambi\u00e9n se vieron afectados por\nla falta de registro de los nacimientos y el acceso limitado a procedimientos de asilo que\ntuvieran en cuenta sus necesidades. Estos riesgos suelen ser previsibles y pueden evitarse\nmediante marcos jur\u00eddicos s\u00f3lidos e intervenciones institucionales desde el inicio del\ndesplazamiento.\n\n\n41. El ACNUR y sus asociados pusieron en marcha programas de prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta\nen materia de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia en m\u00e1s de 70 pa\u00edses, con el fin de reforzar la capacidad\nnacional, en particular de los servicios de protecci\u00f3n para ni\u00f1os en situaci\u00f3n de riesgo. Dado\nque la brecha entre las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia y los recursos financieros\ndisponibles segu\u00eda aumentando, el ACNUR y sus asociados no pudieron prestar servicios\nb\u00e1sicos en varios pa\u00edses. En el Camer\u00fan, por ejemplo, se redujeron los programas de fomento\nde competencias para la vida destinados a adolescentes de ambos sexos, y disminuy\u00f3 el\nn\u00famero de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as con discapacidad que recibieron apoyo.\n\n\n42. Los Estados tienen la responsabilidad de proteger a los ni\u00f1os y establecer sistemas y\npol\u00edticas de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia para garantizar su seguridad. El ACNUR imparti\u00f3\norientaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica sobre la manera de adaptar los sistemas y servicios nacionales de\nprotecci\u00f3n de la infancia existentes, con vistas a responder a los retos planteados en\n47 operaciones. El conjunto de herramientas para la inclusi\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os refugiados en los\nsistemas nacionales de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia, elaborado por el ACNUR y el UNICEF, se\nutiliz\u00f3 con objeto de evaluar el grado de inclusi\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os refugiados en esos sistemas y\nmejorar su accesibilidad y capacidad de respuesta. En Eslovaquia, Hungr\u00eda, Polonia, la\nRep\u00fablica de Moldova y Rumania las autoridades prestaron servicios de protecci\u00f3n de la\n\n\n**10** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\ninfancia a los refugiados ucranianos, y, a tal efecto, adaptaron pol\u00edticas y procedimientos. Se\ncrearon 36 centros de protecci\u00f3n y apoyo (conocidos como \u201cpuntos azules\u201d) en 7 pa\u00edses.\n\n\n43. En el marco del Plan de Acci\u00f3n Conjunta en favor de los Ni\u00f1os Refugiados, el\nACNUR y el UNICEF reforzaron la inclusi\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os refugiados en los sistemas\nnacionales de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia, mejoraron el registro de los nacimientos, mitigaron\nlos riesgos, como el matrimonio infantil, respondieron a la violencia de g\u00e9nero y reforzaron\nlos servicios comunitarios de protecci\u00f3n de la infancia en diez operaciones en los pa\u00edses. De\nconformidad con su gu\u00eda t\u00e9cnica sobre procedimientos aptos para ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes,\nel ACNUR promovi\u00f3 la recepci\u00f3n, el registro, la determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\ny la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones duraderas para los ni\u00f1os desplazados. En colaboraci\u00f3n con sus\nasociados, la Oficina respald\u00f3 programas de fortalecimiento de la resiliencia y las\ncompetencias para la vida de ni\u00f1os, familias y comunidades en 39 operaciones. En Mal\u00ed, se\nbrind\u00f3 apoyo a 22 centros adaptados a las necesidades de los ni\u00f1os, a fin de que pudieran\nofrecer cursos de fomento de competencias para la vida y actividades recreativas a m\u00e1s de\n14.500 ni\u00f1os y proporcionar informaci\u00f3n sobre cuestiones y servicios de protecci\u00f3n de la\ninfancia a 45.000 personas.\n\n\n44. La educaci\u00f3n es decisiva para que los refugiados puedan disfrutar de asilo mediante\nsu plena participaci\u00f3n en la sociedad. Ayuda a los ni\u00f1os a encontrar un prop\u00f3sito y a forjar\nsu futuro. Si bien se ha avanzado en la mejora del acceso de los ni\u00f1os refugiados a la\neducaci\u00f3n primaria, el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n secundaria y la retenci\u00f3n escolar de las ni\u00f1as\nsiguen siendo manifiestamente insuficientes. No obstante, se han producido algunos avances\npositivos, como cambios en materia de pol\u00edticas que han ampliado las oportunidades de\naprendizaje. En Mauritania, por ejemplo, los refugiados tienen ahora acceso a los planes de\nestudio nacionales. La inclusi\u00f3n de los refugiados en los sistemas educativos nacionales\nresulta m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil en caso de falta de recursos. Es esencial disponer de una financiaci\u00f3n\nplurianual previsible, que beneficie a las comunidades de refugiados y de acogida, sobre todo\nen los pa\u00edses de acogida de ingreso bajo y mediano bajo. Hay que redoblar los esfuerzos para\nalcanzar los 4.850 millones de d\u00f3lares anuales necesarios para incluir a todos los refugiados\nen los sistemas nacionales, seg\u00fan la estimaci\u00f3n del Banco Mundial, aunque existen ejemplos\nprometedores. En Kenya, los cambios en las pol\u00edticas, en particular con la nueva Ley de\nRefugiados (2021) y el Plan Marshall para los Refugiados, cuyo objetivo es facilitar la\nautosuficiencia y aliviar la presi\u00f3n sobre las comunidades de acogida, han atra\u00eddo\nfinanciaci\u00f3n para el desarrollo, en especial del Banco Mundial y la Asociaci\u00f3n Mundial para\nla Educaci\u00f3n, si bien se han destinado escasos fondos a prestar apoyo a las escuelas ubicadas\nen los campamentos.\n\n\n45. En la ense\u00f1anza primaria, el ACNUR facilit\u00f3 el acceso de los ni\u00f1os refugiados a la\neducaci\u00f3n, gracias a la financiaci\u00f3n del programa Educa a un Ni\u00f1o, cuyo apoyo ha permitido\nla matriculaci\u00f3n desde 2012 de 1,4 millones de ni\u00f1os en la escuela primaria \u2014 de los cuales\ncerca de 23.000 ni\u00f1os matriculados en Uganda en 2022. Dado que los planes, programas y\npresupuestos nacionales de educaci\u00f3n no tienen suficientemente en cuenta a los ni\u00f1os\nrefugiados, Educa a un Ni\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n contribuy\u00f3 de forma crucial a sufragar los costos\nb\u00e1sicos en materia de educaci\u00f3n, en particular para la mejora de la infraestructura, la\nconstrucci\u00f3n de centros, el pago de los salarios del personal docente, la formaci\u00f3n y los\nmateriales. A fin de promover el bienestar f\u00edsico y psicosocial, la inclusi\u00f3n y la cohesi\u00f3n\nsociales en las escuelas, se puso en marcha el programa Deporte para la Protecci\u00f3n en el\nChad, Kenya, Rwanda y Uganda.\n\n\n46. En 2022, el programa de la Iniciativa Acad\u00e9mica Alemana para Refugiados\nAlbert Einstein cumpli\u00f3 30 a\u00f1os ofreciendo educaci\u00f3n superior y oportunidades a j\u00f3venes\nrefugiados en 55 pa\u00edses, en colaboraci\u00f3n con m\u00e1s de 30 asociados nacionales. El programa\nconcedi\u00f3 becas a m\u00e1s de 9.000 estudiantes y permiti\u00f3 a estudiantes matricularse en m\u00e1s de\n700 instituciones de ense\u00f1anza superior, con un aumento de la tasa de matriculaci\u00f3n\nfemenina, que pas\u00f3 del 41 % al 43 %.\n\n\n47. La labor de promoci\u00f3n a escala nacional se tradujo en el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n superior\nen Burundi, donde se aprob\u00f3 una pol\u00edtica de admisi\u00f3n de los estudiantes refugiados, en virtud\nde la cual se les aplicaba la misma estructura de tasas que a los estudiantes nacionales. Varios\ngraduados de la Iniciativa Acad\u00e9mica Alemana para Refugiados Albert Einstein han sido\nadmitidos en programas de maestr\u00eda en Alemania, Francia e Italia. En todo el mundo, en\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\ncolaboraci\u00f3n con varios asociados, entre ellos la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para\nla Educaci\u00f3n, la Ciencia y la Cultura, el Servicio Alem\u00e1n de Intercambio Acad\u00e9mico, el\nConnected Learning in Crisis Consortium, DuoLingo, Times Higher Education, la Open\nSociety University Network y la Red de Estudiantes Refugiados de Educaci\u00f3n Terciaria, el\nACNUR est\u00e1 ampliando las oportunidades de educaci\u00f3n superior para los refugiados y\navanzando hacia el objetivo de lograr que el 15 % de los refugiados tengan acceso a la\neducaci\u00f3n terciaria para 2023.\n\n\n**D.** **Protecci\u00f3n contra la violencia de g\u00e9nero**\n\n\n48. Los refugiados, los desplazados internos y los ap\u00e1tridas corren un mayor riesgo de\nsufrir violencia de g\u00e9nero. Los riesgos se ven agravados por formas interseccionales de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n profundamente arraigadas, la inseguridad alimentaria y los efectos del cambio\nclim\u00e1tico. El impacto de la desigualdad de g\u00e9nero debe orientar las pol\u00edticas y los programas\nmultisectoriales a fin de prevenir, combatir y mitigar mejor el riesgo de violencia de g\u00e9nero.\nEl ACNUR sigue dando prioridad a la actuaci\u00f3n en materia de g\u00e9nero y aplicando su Pol\u00edtica\npara la Prevenci\u00f3n, Mitigaci\u00f3n de Riesgos y Respuesta a la Violencia de G\u00e9nero, junto con\nel correspondiente marco provisional de seguimiento de pol\u00edticas. Las organizaciones\ndirigidas por mujeres ayudaron a asegurar la participaci\u00f3n significativa de las mujeres\ndesplazadas, en particular en los mecanismos de coordinaci\u00f3n para la prevenci\u00f3n y la\nrespuesta contra la violencia de g\u00e9nero. En 2022, el Fondo de Innovaci\u00f3n Liderado por\nPersonas Refugiadas otorg\u00f3 un premio a siete organizaciones dirigidas por mujeres por su\ndestacada labor en favor de las personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas.\n\n\n49. Sigue siendo prioritario aumentar el acceso a servicios de calidad para las personas\nsupervivientes de la violencia de g\u00e9nero. En muchos pa\u00edses existen servicios para estas\npersonas, aunque un gran n\u00famero de ellos no dispone de recursos suficientes. En Jijiga\n(Etiop\u00eda), el ACNUR colabor\u00f3 con la Oficina Nacional de Asuntos de la Mujer, la Juventud\ny la Infancia a fin de mejorar la calidad de los servicios destinados a las mujeres afectadas\npor la violencia de g\u00e9nero. El ACNUR recibi\u00f3 fondos de la iniciativa Safe from the Start\n(A salvo desde el comienzo), financiada por los Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica, para desplegar\nespecialistas dedicados a la prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia de g\u00e9nero en situaciones de\nemergencia. Se desplegaron especialistas en Chile, Djibouti, Etiop\u00eda, la Rep\u00fablica Isl\u00e1mica\ndel Ir\u00e1n, el N\u00edger, el Pakist\u00e1n, Polonia, la Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria, la Rep\u00fablica Centroafricana,\nla Rep\u00fablica de Moldova, y Somalia, y, gracias a su labor de divulgaci\u00f3n, se lleg\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de\n1 mill\u00f3n de desplazados.\n\n\n50. El ACNUR tom\u00f3 medidas para prevenir la violencia contra las mujeres recabando la\nparticipaci\u00f3n de las comunidades en la lucha contra las normas y pr\u00e1cticas sociales nocivas\ny poniendo en marcha la iniciativa \u201cImplicar a los hombres en pr\u00e1cticas responsables\u201d en\nIndonesia, el Iraq, Malasia, Nigeria, la Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria, Sud\u00e1n del Sur, y Tailandia.\n\n\n**E.** **Reasentamiento y v\u00edas complementarias**\n\n\n51. El reasentamiento, las v\u00edas complementarias y la reunificaci\u00f3n familiar ofrecen\nmedios vitales para que los refugiados disfruten de asilo y encuentren soluciones, lo que\nrepresenta una demostraci\u00f3n tangible de solidaridad y reparto de la carga y la\nresponsabilidad. En 2022, se estableci\u00f3 una hoja de ruta para las soluciones en terceros\npa\u00edses [6], en la que se reafirmaban tres objetivos que se reforzaban mutuamente, a saber:\nampliar las oportunidades de reasentamiento; promover las v\u00edas complementarias y la\nreunificaci\u00f3n familiar; y sentar las bases de sociedades acogedoras e inclusivas. El prop\u00f3sito\nde la hoja de ruta es ampliar las oportunidades de soluciones en terceros pa\u00edses para\n3 millones de refugiados mediante el reasentamiento (1 mill\u00f3n) y las v\u00edas complementarias\n(2 millones) de aqu\u00ed a 2030. Aunque se observan signos positivos de la actuaci\u00f3n de los\n\n\n6 ACNUR, \u201cThird country solutions for refugees: Roadmap 2030\u201d, junio de 2022; puede consultarse en\n\n[https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/media/third-country-solutions-refugees-roadmap-2030)\n\n\n**12** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nEstados y otras partes interesadas en este \u00e1mbito, la consecuci\u00f3n de estos objetivos sigue\nsiendo un reto importante.\n\n\n52. El reasentamiento se considera un instrumento fundamental de protecci\u00f3n para los\nrefugiados en situaci\u00f3n de riesgo. En 2022, las solicitudes aumentaron un 84 % frente a 2021\ny se registr\u00f3 un incremento de las solicitudes de afganos y rohiny\u00e1s. Las repercusiones de la\npandemia de COVID-19 y los acontecimientos ocurridos en el Afganist\u00e1n y Ucrania pusieron\na prueba la capacidad de tramitaci\u00f3n y afectaron a los objetivos de aumentar las cuotas de\nreasentamiento.\n\n\n53. La aplicaci\u00f3n de medidas para reunificar a las familias de refugiados separadas debe\nser una prioridad, en consonancia con el derecho a la unidad familiar. El ACNUR abog\u00f3 por\nla reagrupaci\u00f3n familiar en respuesta a la emergencia en Ucrania y tras los terremotos en la\nRep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria y T\u00fcrkiye. A pesar del derecho a disfrutar de la vida familiar, las trabas\nadministrativas y pr\u00e1cticas, como la falta de acceso a los consulados, suponen obst\u00e1culos\npara su ejercicio. La Oficina insta a que se flexibilicen los procedimientos, lo que incluye la\ntramitaci\u00f3n a distancia y un grado de tolerancia con respecto a la documentaci\u00f3n exigida. El\nACNUR act\u00faa como secretar\u00eda de la Red Mundial de Reunificaci\u00f3n Familiar, que sirve de\nplataforma mundial para la cooperaci\u00f3n y el intercambio de informaci\u00f3n. En 2022, la Red\nproporcion\u00f3 informaci\u00f3n actualizada sobre la situaci\u00f3n en Etiop\u00eda, el Pakist\u00e1n y el Sud\u00e1n a\nfin de orientar la colaboraci\u00f3n de los asociados. En la actualidad, con miras al Foro Mundial\nsobre los Refugiados de 2023, la Red est\u00e1 movilizando a sus miembros en pro de la\nformulaci\u00f3n de promesas de contribuci\u00f3n que tengan impacto, con objeto de aumentar las\nposibilidades de reunificaci\u00f3n familiar, en consonancia con el Pacto Mundial sobre los\nRefugiados.\n\n\n54. Prosigui\u00f3 el impulso que se hab\u00eda imprimido a las iniciativas destinadas a consolidar\nlas v\u00edas laborales y educativas con la puesta en marcha de programas en B\u00e9lgica, Francia,\nIrlanda, el Reino Unido de Gran Breta\u00f1a e Irlanda del Norte y la Rep\u00fablica de Corea, y la\nampliaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edas en la esfera de la educaci\u00f3n terciaria en Italia y el Jap\u00f3n. La labor de\nlos equipos de tareas mundiales sobre v\u00edas en el \u00e1mbito de la educaci\u00f3n y la movilidad laboral\ncontribuy\u00f3 a ampliar el acceso a las v\u00edas complementarias mediante la colaboraci\u00f3n con una\namplia comunidad de pr\u00e1ctica, la realizaci\u00f3n de actividades de creaci\u00f3n de capacidad y la\nelaboraci\u00f3n de directrices y herramientas.\n\n## **IV. Respeto de los derechos de los desplazados internos**\n\n\n55. Las personas desplazadas dentro de su propio pa\u00eds por conflictos armados, violencia\ngeneralizada y violaciones de los derechos humanos constituyeron la mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n\ndesplazada en todo el mundo en 2022, con un aumento de 57,3 millones. La salvaguardia de\nlos derechos y las garant\u00edas de protecci\u00f3n contra el desplazamiento arbitrario, la protecci\u00f3n\ny asistencia durante el desplazamiento y la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones son los elementos\ncentrales de la labor del ACNUR en situaciones de desplazamiento interno y est\u00e1n en\nconsonancia con los Principios Rectores de los Desplazamientos Internos.\n\n\n56. El derecho a ser protegido contra el desplazamiento sigue vi\u00e9ndose menoscabado, en\nparticular a causa de la violencia. La mayor\u00eda de las situaciones en las que trabaja el ACNUR\nest\u00e1n asociadas a zonas de conflicto activo y se caracterizan por vulneraciones recurrentes\ndel derecho internacional humanitario, especialmente contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil. La Oficina\npublic\u00f3 nuevas orientaciones para los Estados sobre la tipificaci\u00f3n del desplazamiento\narbitrario como delito, la disuasi\u00f3n de esta pr\u00e1ctica y el fin de la impunidad, y la promoci\u00f3n\ndel acceso a la justicia y a soluciones. Abordar la cuesti\u00f3n del desplazamiento interno segu\u00eda\nsiendo una de las prioridades del Secretario General en el contexto de la protecci\u00f3n de los\nciviles. El ACNUR emprendi\u00f3 una labor de promoci\u00f3n a escala mundial para reforzar estas\niniciativas, en colaboraci\u00f3n con el Servicio de las Naciones Unidas de Actividades relativas\na las Minas y el Instituto de las Naciones Unidas de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre el Desarme,\nprestando especial atenci\u00f3n a los efectos de la guerra urbana en el desplazamiento.\n\n\n57. La Oficina interviene en situaciones de desplazamiento interno en 33 pa\u00edses en los\nque este fen\u00f3meno es consecuencia de factores como los conflictos armados, la violencia y\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nlas violaciones de los derechos humanos, a menudo en condiciones en las que la inseguridad\nalimentaria y otras vulnerabilidades se ven exacerbadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico.\n\n\n58. El ACNUR, que lidera el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico Mundial sobre Protecci\u00f3n, dirigi\u00f3 28 de\nlos 32 grupos tem\u00e1ticos de protecci\u00f3n y mecanismos afines, en los que defiende los derechos\nde los desplazados internos y responde a las necesidades de 140 millones que necesitan\nprotecci\u00f3n. En 2022, m\u00e1s de 280 asociados trabajaron en iniciativas coordinadas en torno a\nla centralidad de la protecci\u00f3n, los derechos humanos, la inclusi\u00f3n de la discapacidad, la\nlegislaci\u00f3n y las pol\u00edticas, la lucha contra la trata, el apoyo psicosocial y para la salud mental,\nla asistencia en efectivo para fines de protecci\u00f3n y la labor de promoci\u00f3n. En 2022, m\u00e1s de\n2.000 personas participaron en el Foro Mundial sobre Protecci\u00f3n, de car\u00e1cter anual, que\nreuni\u00f3 a coordinadores sobre el terreno, asociados y principales interesados para examinar\nlos retos contempor\u00e1neos y emergentes en materia de protecci\u00f3n. A ra\u00edz de la campa\u00f1a del\nGrupo Tem\u00e1tico Mundial sobre Protecci\u00f3n dedicada al acceso que protege, se aprob\u00f3 una\nagenda para el cambio, cuyo objetivo es garantizar un acceso sostenido y de calidad a la\nprotecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n59. Junto con la Relatora Especial sobre los derechos humanos de los desplazados\ninternos, el ACNUR codirige el Grupo de Expertos en Protecci\u00f3n de los Desplazados\nInternos, en el que participan expertos clave, entre ellos antiguos relatores especiales,\ncoordinadores residentes y coordinadores de asuntos humanitarios, as\u00ed como l\u00edderes de\nopini\u00f3n y profesores universitarios de diferentes disciplinas, con miras a proporcionar a los\nEstados asesoramiento de alto nivel en materia de protecci\u00f3n. El Grupo de Expertos en\nProtecci\u00f3n hizo aportaciones a la tan esperada ley sobre los desplazados internos aprobada\npor el Congreso Nacional de Honduras.\n\n\n60. Habida cuenta de que las autoridades nacionales tienen el deber y la responsabilidad\nprimordiales de ofrecer protecci\u00f3n y asistencia a los desplazados internos dentro de su\njurisdicci\u00f3n, el ACNUR brind\u00f3 apoyo a los Estados para que elaboraran y aplicaran leyes y\npol\u00edticas nacionales en materia de desplazamiento interno. Respald\u00f3 los avances logrados en\nBurkina Faso, Etiop\u00eda, Filipinas, Honduras, M\u00e9xico, Nigeria y Sud\u00e1n del Sur. Adem\u00e1s, el\nACNUR ha publicado su primer informe global sobre legislaci\u00f3n y pol\u00edticas en materia de\ndesplazamiento interno, en el que se ofrece un panorama completo de la evoluci\u00f3n de la\nlegislaci\u00f3n y las pol\u00edticas a lo largo de tres d\u00e9cadas y se se\u00f1alan los obst\u00e1culos y las\noportunidades para lograr progresos concretos en el \u00e1mbito de la protecci\u00f3n y la b\u00fasqueda de\nsoluciones en diversos pa\u00edses. No obstante, los retos siguen siendo enormes, en especial en\nel Afganist\u00e1n, donde el ACNUR y sus asociados tienen dificultades para prestar apoyo a las\nmujeres y ni\u00f1as desplazadas internas debido a las restricciones impuestas a la presencia de\npersonal femenino. Esto complica la puesta en marcha de programas de apoyo al retorno, a\nlos que muchos desplazados internos afganos esperan acogerse en caso de mejora de las\ncondiciones de seguridad en algunas partes del pa\u00eds. En situaciones en las que el acceso\nhumanitario es limitado, como en Myanmar, el ACNUR y sus asociados han ampliado la\ncooperaci\u00f3n con organizaciones comunitarias y grupos de car\u00e1cter confesional para llegar a\nlos desplazados internos y prestarles ayuda de urgencia, al tiempo que han ofrecido, a t\u00edtulo\nexperimental, asistencia en efectivo en apoyo de soluciones transitorias impulsadas por\ndesplazados internos.\n\n\n61. Los Estados tienen el deber y la responsabilidad primordiales de establecer las\ncondiciones que permitan la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones, en otras cosas facilitando y asegurando\nla plena participaci\u00f3n de los desplazados internos. Esto entra\u00f1a la adopci\u00f3n de medidas para\nque los desplazados internos puedan participar en las elecciones, ya que su participaci\u00f3n se\nve a menudo obstaculizada por requisitos en materia de residencia y documentaci\u00f3n que estas\npoblaciones no pueden cumplir. La participaci\u00f3n en los procesos electorales permite a los\ndesplazados internos garantizar que sus intereses est\u00e9n representados y que desempe\u00f1en un\npapel significativo en la comunidad, y contribuye a que los pol\u00edticos aporten soluciones a su\nsituaci\u00f3n de desplazamiento. El ACNUR es uno de los principales miembros del Grupo\nDirectivo sobre Soluciones a los Desplazamientos Internos, creado con el prop\u00f3sito de apoyar\nla aplicaci\u00f3n de la Agenda de Acci\u00f3n del Secretario General sobre los Desplazamientos\nInternos e impulsar la labor en esta esfera y la iniciativa \u201cUnidos en la acci\u00f3n\u201d en aras de la\nb\u00fasqueda de soluciones. Con el fin de intensificar las iniciativas destinadas a promover\nsoluciones, el ACNUR reforz\u00f3 su apoyo a los coordinadores residentes de las\n\n\n**14** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nNaciones Unidas y colabor\u00f3 con el Fondo Monetario Internacional en el marco de una\nactuaci\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mica conjunta en respuesta al desplazamiento interno.\n\n## **V. El derecho a una nacionalidad**\n\n\n62. En la actualidad, los datos sobre 97 pa\u00edses indican que hay 4,4 millones de ap\u00e1tridas\n\n - personas de nacionalidad indeterminada, lo que supone un aumento de 91.000 personas\nrespecto a 2021. Millones de ap\u00e1tridas siguen privados de acceso a derechos y servicios\nb\u00e1sicos, lo que les hace vulnerables a la explotaci\u00f3n y los abusos. La discriminaci\u00f3n en las\nleyes y pol\u00edticas relativas a la nacionalidad sigue siendo una de las principales causas de\napatridia; en muchos pa\u00edses se observan escasos indicios que apunten a una voluntad pol\u00edtica\nde cambiar dichas leyes y pol\u00edticas. El continuo aumento de la xenofobia y el\netnonacionalismo amenaza con crear nuevas situaciones de apatridia en varias partes del\nmundo, y el incremento significativo de los desplazamientos forzosos ha expuesto a muchas\nm\u00e1s personas al riesgo de apatridia. El conflicto en Ucrania ha puesto de manifiesto\nclaramente la situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad en la que se encuentran los ap\u00e1tridas. Seg\u00fan se\ninforma, los ap\u00e1tridas que huyen del conflicto se han enfrentado a obst\u00e1culos adicionales al\ntratar de ponerse a salvo por no poseer una nacionalidad o carecer de documentaci\u00f3n civil.\nMuchos ap\u00e1tridas de Ucrania no se han beneficiado del mismo grado de protecci\u00f3n que se\notorga a otras personas que huyen del conflicto.\n\n\n63. A pesar de las dificultades, varios Estados han obtenido avances significativos en la\nlucha contra la apatridia durante el a\u00f1o pasado. Algunos han reformado sus leyes y pol\u00edticas\npara reconocer a las poblaciones ap\u00e1tridas como nacionales y conceder a mujeres y hombres\nlos mismos derechos a la hora de transmitir la nacionalidad a sus hijos. Otros logros tienen\nque ver con la aprobaci\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n del procedimiento para la determinaci\u00f3n de la\ncondici\u00f3n de ap\u00e1trida, de conformidad con la Convenci\u00f3n sobre el Estatuto de los Ap\u00e1tridas\nde 1954. Este procedimiento permite determinar la apatridia de forma clara y sistem\u00e1tica,\ngarantizando que los interesados reciban protecci\u00f3n y puedan acceder a sus derechos. Los\nacuerdos de protecci\u00f3n temporal o de estancia temporal tambi\u00e9n pueden constituir una base\njur\u00eddica importante para proteger a los ap\u00e1tridas. En Portugal, el Gobierno ha venido\ninterpretando la Directiva de Protecci\u00f3n Temporal de la Uni\u00f3n Europea de manera flexible,\nhaciendo extensiva esta protecci\u00f3n a algunas categor\u00edas de ap\u00e1tridas de Ucrania.\n\n\n64. Con el prop\u00f3sito de llevar a la pr\u00e1ctica la recomendaci\u00f3n de acabar con la apatridia\nque se formula en el informe del Secretario General \u201cNuestra Agenda Com\u00fan\u201d, el ACNUR\ninici\u00f3 un proceso con las partes interesadas, incluidas las personas afectadas por este\nfen\u00f3meno, con miras a establecer la Alianza Mundial para Poner Fin a la Apatridia. Esta\nalianza mundial de m\u00faltiples interesados, cuyo establecimiento est\u00e1 previsto para 2024, se\nbasar\u00e1 en los logros concretos alcanzados en el marco de la campa\u00f1a #YoPertenezco y el\nimpulso generado por esta y servir\u00e1 de plataforma para aumentar las actividades colectivas\nde promoci\u00f3n, catalizar los compromisos pol\u00edticos orientados a dar respuesta al problema y\nacelerar la aplicaci\u00f3n de soluciones concretas a la apatridia.\n\n\n65. A menos de dos a\u00f1os para la conclusi\u00f3n de la campa\u00f1a #YoPertenezco, el ACNUR\nproseguir\u00e1 el trabajo que lleva a cabo a escala mundial con objeto de combatir la apatridia,\nentre otras cosas mediante el apoyo al cumplimiento de las promesas de contribuci\u00f3n\nrealizadas en el Foro Mundial sobre los Refugiados. En el marco de una de las esferas de\ninter\u00e9s estrat\u00e9gico del Alto Comisionado, la Oficina elabor\u00f3 un nuevo plan estrat\u00e9gico para\norientar su labor de prevenci\u00f3n y lucha contra la apatridia hasta 2026. Adem\u00e1s, se han\nseleccionado 28 operaciones prioritarias para ampliar las actividades de promoci\u00f3n y el\napoyo operacional. El ACNUR colabora con los Estados en la elaboraci\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de\nplanes nacionales de acci\u00f3n destinados a poner fin a la apatridia. Tambi\u00e9n contribuye a crear\ny reforzar redes de organizaciones nacionales y regionales de la sociedad civil con miras a\nfomentar la colaboraci\u00f3n con los ap\u00e1tridas y la sociedad civil. Con el prop\u00f3sito de mejorar\nlas estad\u00edsticas sobre los ap\u00e1tridas, la Comisi\u00f3n de Estad\u00edstica de las Naciones Unidas hizo\nsuyas las recomendaciones del ACNUR para facilitar la realizaci\u00f3n de estad\u00edsticas acerca de\nla apatridia a nivel nacional y promover una mayor armonizaci\u00f3n de los datos en los planos\nregional y mundial.\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n## **VI. El derecho al retorno**\n\n\n66. Las personas tienen derecho a regresar a su propio pa\u00eds de manera segura y con\ndignidad, y a que se les concedan todos los derechos y privilegios que les corresponden como\nnacionales. La repatriaci\u00f3n voluntaria en condiciones de seguridad y dignidad es la \u00fanica\nsoluci\u00f3n duradera tradicional que se sustenta en el derecho internacional de los derechos\nhumanos. El ACNUR mantiene su responsabilidad jur\u00eddica de ofrecer protecci\u00f3n y asistencia\na los refugiados y, conforme a lo previsto en su mandato, sigue prestando atenci\u00f3n a las\nconsecuencias de su retorno, independientemente de si la repatriaci\u00f3n de los refugiados se\nlleva a cabo con su ayuda o tiene lugar de forma espont\u00e1nea.\n\n\n67. En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, muchos retornos se realizan en circunstancias adversas y son en\ngran medida espont\u00e1neos, con relativamente poco apoyo previsible. El retorno en estas\ncondiciones se produce cuando los refugiados se encuentran en una situaci\u00f3n precaria en su\npa\u00eds de acogida, con escasas soluciones alternativas. El retorno al pa\u00eds de origen, cuando el\nconflicto sigue sin resolverse y las condiciones son inciertas e inestables, no se considera una\nsoluci\u00f3n duradera.\n\n\n68. La persistente inestabilidad en muchos pa\u00edses, como el Afganist\u00e1n y Myanmar,\ndificulta el retorno voluntario. No obstante, el ACNUR y sus asociados han seguido logrando\navances en las zonas prioritarias de retorno y reintegraci\u00f3n en el Afganist\u00e1n, facilitando el\nacceso a la atenci\u00f3n sanitaria, la educaci\u00f3n y los medios de subsistencia. En cuanto a\nMyanmar, un enfoque regional integral pretende ampliar las soluciones para los refugiados\nrohiny\u00e1s y mantener el apoyo a los pa\u00edses de acogida. El enfoque se centra en garantizar el\nderecho al retorno y crear las condiciones propicias para una repatriaci\u00f3n voluntaria, segura,\ndigna y sostenible, al tiempo que ampl\u00eda las soluciones en terceros pa\u00edses y refuerza la\nresiliencia de los refugiados mediante la educaci\u00f3n, el desarrollo de aptitudes y el fomento\nde los medios de vida. El ACNUR colabora estrechamente con la Asociaci\u00f3n de Naciones de\nAsia Sudoriental y otros actores regionales, as\u00ed como con la Enviada Especial del Secretario\nGeneral sobre Myanmar, para ayudar a encontrar soluciones duraderas. En junio de 2022,\nentr\u00f3 en vigor la aplicaci\u00f3n de la cl\u00e1usula de cesaci\u00f3n a los refugiados de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, tras\nla resoluci\u00f3n pac\u00edfica de dos d\u00e9cadas de conflicto civil en el pa\u00eds. Los nacionales de\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire que siguen necesitando protecci\u00f3n internacional pueden solicitar una exenci\u00f3n\ndel cese.\n\n\n69. Tras el fin oficial de un conflicto, el restablecimiento en el pa\u00eds de origen suele ser\ndif\u00edcil debido a las causas profundas del conflicto que siguen sin resolverse, a la sobrecarga\nde los servicios y a la falta de oportunidades de subsistencia. La situaci\u00f3n en Burundi pone\nde relieve algunos de estos retos. Si bien desde 2017 el ACNUR y sus asociados han\nfacilitado la repatriaci\u00f3n voluntaria de m\u00e1s de 207.000 refugiados burundeses, a medida que\nlas condiciones en Burundi mejoran, se necesita un mayor apoyo de los actores del \u00e1mbito\ndel desarrollo, a fin de ampliar el acceso a los servicios y los medios de vida en las\ncomunidades donde los retornados deben reintegrarse en los planes e iniciativas de desarrollo\nnacionales y, seg\u00fan corresponda, de las Naciones Unidas.\n\n## **VII. Conclusi\u00f3n**\n\n\n70. Ahora que la comunidad internacional celebra el 75\u00ba aniversario de la Declaraci\u00f3n\nUniversal de Derechos Humanos es importante recordar el valor del marco internacional de\nderechos humanos. Tambi\u00e9n ha llegado el momento de reafirmar y reforzar sus principios\nfundamentales, como el derecho a buscar asilo y disfrutar de \u00e9l y el derecho a ser protegido\ncontra el desplazamiento arbitrario. La persecuci\u00f3n, la violencia y las violaciones de los\nderechos humanos obligan a muchas personas a huir de sus hogares, comunidades y pa\u00edses,\ncomo en el caso de los conflictos de reciente aparici\u00f3n que han acaparado la atenci\u00f3n\nmundial. Estos factores tambi\u00e9n impiden que millones de personas puedan regresar a sus\nhogares. Todo ello subraya la necesidad de acceder a los derechos en los pa\u00edses de acogida y\nde redoblar los esfuerzos para lograr soluciones, con arreglo a un reparto eficaz de la carga y\nla responsabilidad entre los Estados. Aunque los movimientos mixtos aumentan la magnitud\ny la complejidad de los retos que plantea el desplazamiento, tambi\u00e9n ponen de relieve la\nimportancia decisiva de dar respuestas a la movilidad mundial que tengan en cuenta los\n\n\n**16** GE.23-13632\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A/AC.96/74/3**\n\n\nderechos humanos. En un contexto en que el ACNUR, los Estados y otras partes interesadas,\nincluidos los refugiados, los desplazados internos y los ap\u00e1tridas como asociados en\ncondiciones de igualdad, tienen la mirada puesta en el segundo Foro Mundial sobre los\nRefugiados, la promoci\u00f3n de los derechos debe plasmarse en una actuaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s eficaz, que\naporte cambios positivos en la vida de quienes necesitan protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nGE.23-13632 **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/314f77fe-ae53-42b1-b2d0-38f7860fff71/G2314716.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_41/raw/doc_41_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_41/raw/doc_41_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ad051ac175c1a673bc105756b3a0668795d86385..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_41/raw/doc_41_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1880 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UNHCR Bangladesh 2023 Standardized** **Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS)**\n### Final Executive Summary [1]\n\n1 Version updated 4 January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Expanded Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.9795475602149963, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8838699460029602, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9853618144989014, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8685528039932251, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.9942880272865295, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9136406183242798, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5738784670829773, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### **SUMMARY OF THE 2023 SENS FINDINGS:**\n\n\n**Two Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS) were conducted from 2** **[nd]** **-20** **[th]**\n\n\n**November 2023 with the objective to assess the general nutrition and health situation**\n\n\n**of Rohingya refugees living in Cox\u2019s Bazar district. The first survey, representing**\n\n\n**Kutupalong Mega Camps (31 unregistered camps), assessed 486 children 6-59**\n\n\n**months and 640 women of reproductive age from 554 households while the second**\n\n\n**survey, representing Nayapara and Kutupalong Registered Camps, assessed 346**\n\n\n**children 6-59 months and 727 women of reproductive age from 515 households.**\n\n\n**The 2023 SENS results indicate a deteriorating acute malnutrition situation of very**\n\n\n**high public health concern in Mega Camps (15.4%) and an unchanged situation of**\n\n\n**medium public health concern in Registered Camps (9.6%). The differences in the**\n\n\n**surveys can be attributed to varying in coping mechanisms among the old refugees**\n\n\n**and the post-2017 influx, IYCF indicators, and the incidence of diarrhoea at the time**\n\n\n**of the survey which was higher in the Mega camps as described below.**\n\n\n**In both surveys, chronic malnutrition (stunting) remained critical and unchanged**\n\n\n**(41.2%) compared to 2022 while anemia improved among refugees compared to 2021**\n\n\n**although still near critical levels among children under five (38.2%) and medium levels**\n\n\n**among women of reproductive age (24.1%).**\n\n\n**Breastfeeding practices among children under two years old in both surveys were**\n\n\n**acceptable but children did not consume adequate diets in terms of diversity or**\n\n\n**frequency during the complementary feeding period. Early initiation of breastfeeding**\n\n\n**was 93.3% and exclusive breastfeeding was 69.9%. Only 16.3% of children 6-23**\n\n\n**months consumed a minimum acceptable diet.**\n\n\n**Measles vaccinations (98.5%), vitamin A supplementation (90.6%), deworming**\n\n\n**(97.4%), and program coverage for BSFP (93.5%) were above targets for children**\n\n\n**under five. Program coverage for women of reproductive age was 89.3% for ANC and**\n\n\n**86.0% for BSFP which was slightly below the 90% UNHCR target.**\n\n\n**Household access to improved water sources (99.9%) and soap (95.8%) were**\n\n\n**sufficient although open defecation was practiced by more than two-thirds (69.9%) of**\n\n\n**the children under five. Access and utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets**\n\n\n**(LLIN) were above or near targets across all camps and improved compared to**\n\n\n\n**previous survey rounds. 82.3% of households owned at least one LLIN while 70% of**\n\n\n**under-five children and 79.2% of pregnant women slept under a LLIN.**\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.977820873260498, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9232921004295349, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9985116124153137, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar district", - "confidence": 0.8916584849357605, - "start": 83, - "end": 88 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9995676875114441, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9254372119903564, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9688584208488464, - "start": 79, - "end": 81 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS results", - "confidence": 0.5042064785957336, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7736214399337769, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mega Camps", - "confidence": 0.8136909008026123, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9864751696586609, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IYCF indicators", - "confidence": 0.793457567691803, - "start": 246, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7303645014762878, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6938904523849487, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "old refugees", - "confidence": 0.5586333870887756, - "start": 235, - "end": 237 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.912788450717926, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Breastfeeding practices among children under two years old", - "confidence": 0.8372433185577393, - "start": 355, - "end": 363 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.598412036895752, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LLIN", - "confidence": 0.5640329122543335, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7747167944908142, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8655959367752075, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### Highlights of 2023 SENS in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Under-5 Wasting (by WHZ)
Very high public health significance
15.1%
Worsening Trend|Under-5 Stunting (by HAZ)
Very high public health significance
41.2%
No Change|\n|---|---|\n|**Under-5 Anemia**
**Medium public health significance**




**_Improving Trend_**
**38.2%**|**Women Anemia**
**Medium public health significance**




**_Trends N/A_**
**24.1%**|\n|**Exclusive Breastfeeding for infants <6**
**months**
**Under UNHCR Target >75%**




**_Improving Trend_ **
**69.9%**|**Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) for**
**children 6-23 months**
**No established target**




**_Worsening Trend_ **
**16.5%**|\n|**Under-5 Coverage of Blanket**
**Supplementary Feeding Programs**
**Above UNHCR Target >90%**




**_No Change_ **
**93.5%**|**% HH owning at least one treated**
**mosquito net (LLIN)**
**Above UNHCR Target >80%**




**_Improving Trend_ **
**82.3%**|\n|**Average amount of water collected/**
**person/ day in protected containers**
**Above UNHCR Target >20lppd**




**_No Change_**
**35.8 L**|**% Under-5 using a toilet/latrine**
**No established target**





**_Trends N/A_**
**30.1%**|\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.9615883231163025, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.837212085723877, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9994561076164246, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": { - "text": "WHZ", - "confidence": 0.8561680912971497, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.8861279487609863, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9998512268066406, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8489919900894165, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Average amount of water collected", - "confidence": 0.8225563168525696, - "start": 456, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### Background\n\nViolence in Rakhine State, Myanmar, which began on 25 August 2017, drove more than 700,000 Rohingyas\nacross the border to Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh [2] . Those fleeing the violence joined an estimated 200,000\npeople who had fled earlier waves of displacement. The pre-existing refugee camps (Kutupalong and\nNayapara Registered Camps and Kutupalong Mega Camps*) were expanded to host the new influx, which\nput an immense strain on the existing infrastructure and humanitarian services. UNHCR, on behalf of the\nNutrition Sector and partners, has been conducting annual nutrition surveys since the 2017 influx to monitor\nthe health and nutrition situation in the camps.\n\n\nThis report summarizes the 2023 SENS conducted from 2 [nd ] - 20 [th] November 2023 led by UNHCR in\ncollaboration with UNICEF and WFP; implemented by Concern Worldwide with support from Action Against\nHunger, Eco-Social Development Organization (ESDO), Gonoshasthaya Kendra (GK), Society for Health\nExtension and Development (SHED) and Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable\n(SARPV). Approvals were sought from the National Nutrition Services (NNS), the Refugee Relief and\nRepatriation Commissioner (RRRC), and the Civil Surgeons\u2019 office in Cox\u2019s Bazar. Technical support was\nprovided by the Nutrition Sector Assessment and Information Management Technical Working Group.\n\n#### Survey Objectives\n\nThe objectives of 2023 SENS were to determine the health and nutrition status of children aged 6-59 months\nand pregnant and lactating women 15-49 years. The main indicators collected included household\ndemography, anthropometry, health, and nutrition indicators of children and women of reproductive age 1549 years, morbidity, mosquito net coverage, and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). The findings of the\nsurvey will be used to inform nutrition programs through the designing of responsive interventions aimed at\nimproving the overall maternal, infant, and young child health and nutrition status for the refugees as well as\nadvocacy for humanitarian support to improve the food security situation that has shown to impact on the\nnutrition status among the Rohingya refugees.\n\n#### Methodology\n\nTwo cross-sectional nutrition surveys were conducted following the SMART methodology and UNHCR\nStandardized Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS) guidelines. In Kutupalong Mega camps two-stage cluster\nsampling was applied and in Nayapara and Kutupalong registered camps, simple random sampling was\napplied. The surveys were conducted with a representative sample of 1069 households including\nanthropometric measurements for 832 children aged 6 to 59 months and 1323 women of reproductive age\n(15-49 years). A qualitative assessment was planned for December 2023 to triangulate the quantitative\nfindings from the SENS through small-scale key informant interviews and focused group discussions.\n\nTraining occurred for 5 days including theoretical sessions, anthropometric standardization, and a pilot test.\nDemography, anthropometry, IYCF, and child and women questionnaires were administered in all randomly\nselected households across, while WASH and mosquito net data were collected in every other household.\nTeams comprised five members including a team leader, two anthropometric measurers, a hemoglobin\nmeasurer, and an interviewer. Supervisors from partner organizations continually supervised the teams and\nperformed data quality checks. Community nutrition volunteers and block leaders guided the survey teams\nto the selected households during data collection.\n\n\n2 [https://www.unhcr.org/rohingya-emergency.html](https://www.unhcr.org/rohingya-emergency.html)\n\n*Mega camps refer to 31 camps in Ukhiya and Teknaf hosting the unregistered refugees\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.6782119870185852, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8139458298683167, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9272385835647583, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8847458362579346, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9913240671157837, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5869125127792358, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingyas", - "confidence": 0.9432728886604309, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.5213505029678345, - "start": 118, - "end": 121 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8890769481658936, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6026892066001892, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5573800206184387, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingyas", - "confidence": 0.5961436629295349, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.5414563417434692, - "start": 271, - "end": 272 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.63897305727005, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9568567276000977, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9519132375717163, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "anthropometric measurements", - "confidence": 0.7332425117492676, - "start": 460, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8903636336326599, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6436426043510437, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8297624588012695, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey teams", - "confidence": 0.7792267203330994, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7814790606498718, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "selected households", - "confidence": 0.684350848197937, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Figure 1: Geographic Representation of 2023 SENS Surveys in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps\n\nThe first SENS represented the 31\nunregistered camps from post 2017 influx\nin Ukhiya and Teknaf \u2192 results referred to\nas **\u201cMega Camps\u201d** in this report.\n\n\nThe second SENS represents Kutupalong\nand Nayapara Registered Camps \u2192\nresults referred to as **\u201cRegistered**\n**Camps\u201d** in this report.\n\n#### Interpretation of the Severity of Malnutrition\n\n\n**WHO/UNICEF CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE FOR CHILDREN <5 YEARS OF AGE**\n\n|Indicators|Very High|High|Medium|Low|Very low|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Wasting|\u2265 15|10 - < 15|5 - < 10|2.5 - < 5|< 2.5|\n|Stunting|\u2265 30|20 - < 30|10 - < 20|2.5 - < 10|< 2.5|\n|Anaemia*||>40|20-39%|5-19%||\n\n\n\n- _WHO Classification of Public Health Significance for all population groups_\n\n#### Key Findings for Children 6-59 months\n###### Acute Malnutrition by WHZ: The 2023 SENS results indicated a deteriorating global acute malnutrition\n\n(GAM) situation of very high public health concern (15.1%) and the worst situation reported since the 2017\ninflux (Figure 1).\n\n - In Mega Camps, the GAM prevalence worsened to 15.4%, and in Registered Camps, the prevalence\nremained an unchanged situation of medium public health concern at 9.6% (Table 1).\n\n - Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) of 2.0% is at the threshold of the acceptable target for UNHCR\nrefugee settings. At 2.1% in Mega Camps, it surpassed the threshold while the prevalence was lower\nin Registered Camps (0.9%).\n\n - GAM was almost 1.5 times higher among children 6-23 months (19.0%) compared to children 24-59\nmonths (12.7%). There were no major differences in prevalence by sex (15.3% for females vs. 16.6%\nfor males).\n###### Acute Malnutrition by MUAC: MUAC based GAM prevalence (4.4%) was three times lower than GAM\n\nby WHZ. The majority of the low MUAC cases (90.1%; 30/33) were among children 6-23 months.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n###### Combined Acute Malnutrition (cGAM): The combined acute malnutrition prevalence (cGAM) by\n\nweight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) and/or low MUAC and/or edema is the most relevant indicator for caseload\nplanning for nutrition treatment programs [3] . Combined GAM showed an overall prevalence of 16.1%.\n###### Chronic Malnutrition (Stunting): The prevalence remained at 41.2%, which is considered critical and\n\nthere was no changed compared to the 2022 survey. Prevalence in mega camps was 41.3% and in\nRegistered Camps was 38.5%. Stunting increased with age, affecting 30.5% of children 6-23 months and\n47.6% of children 24-59 months.\n###### Anemia: The overall prevalence is 38.1%, improved among refugees in both survey contexts compared to\n\n2021 (50.3%) although still at or near the high threshold of 40%. Prevalence was 38.1% in Mega Camps and\n40.1% in Registered Camps. Children 6-23 months were more affected by anemia (56.2%) than children 2459 months (27.3%).\n###### Figure 2: Overall Weighted Wasting, Stunting, and Anemia Prevalence Trends (2017- 2023) among Children 6-59 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023) [4] Table 1: Prevalence of Acute Malnutrition by WHZ, MUAC, and Combined Criteria among Children 6-59 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicators|Col2|Mega Camps
(95% CI)|Registered Camps
(95% CI)|Overall
(Weighted)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by Weight for Height
Z-score (WHZ)
Very high if \u2265 15%
(WHO-UNICEF)|Combined GAM|**15.4%**
(11.9 - 19.5)|**9.6%**
(6.9 - 13.2)|**15.1%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by Weight for Height
Z-score (WHZ)
Very high if \u2265 15%
(WHO-UNICEF)|Combined MAM|**13.3%**
(10.2 - 17.1)|**8.7%**
(6.2 - 12.2)|**13.1%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by Weight for Height
Z-score (WHZ)
Very high if \u2265 15%
(WHO-UNICEF)|Combined SAM|**2.1%**
(1.1 - 3.9)|**0.9%**
(0.3 - 2.5)|**2.0%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|Combined GAM|**4.5%**
(2.8 -7.1)|**3.2%**
(1.8 -5.6)|**4.4%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|Combined MAM|**3.3%**
(1.9 -5.7)|**2.9%**
(1.3 - 5.1)|**3.3%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|Combined SAM|**1.2%**
(0.6 - 2.6)|**0.3%**
(0.1 - 1.6)|**1.2%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
combined criteria|Combined GAM|**16.3%**
(12.7 - 20.5)|**11.3%**
(8.4 - 15.0)|**16.1%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
combined criteria|Combined MAM5|**13.6%**|**10.1%**|**13.4%**|\n\n\n3 Outpatient therapeutic programs/ stabilization centers and targeted supplementary feeding programs.\n4 Weighting provides the overall nutrition situation across all the 33 camps.\n5 Based on manual calculation since ENA for SMART software only provides prevalence of combined GAM and combined SAM.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.8514745235443115, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6870793104171753, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9736618399620056, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.995755672454834, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6342030167579651, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5845542550086975, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2022 survey", - "confidence": 0.5223726630210876, - "start": 105, - "end": 107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5870567560195923, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8207101225852966, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.772068977355957, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6376050710678101, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.5689278841018677, - "start": 268, - "end": 274 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6870002150535583, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9028246402740479, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9245322942733765, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.5463334321975708, - "start": 300, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8212835192680359, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ENA", - "confidence": 0.5698580741882324, - "start": 987, - "end": 988 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|(WHZ and/or MUAC
and /or edema)|Combined SAM|2.7%
(1.5 - 4.6)|1.2 %
(0.5 - 2.9)|2.6%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Weight for Height Z-
score (WHZ) by Age
Group|6-23 months|**19.3%**
(13.3- 27.8)|**12.3%**
(4.8 \u2013 24.4)|**19.0%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Weight for Height Z-
score (WHZ) by Age
Group|24-59 months|**12.9%**
(8.3- 19.5)|**8.2%**
(5.6 - 11.9)|**12.7%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Weight for Height Z-
score (WHZ) by Sex|Male|**15.4%**
(11.9 - 19.5)|**12.4%**
(8.2 - 18.1)|**15.3%**|\n|Acute Malnutrition by
Weight for Height Z-
score (WHZ) by Sex|Female|**17.1%**
(12.1 - 23.6)|**6.9%**
(4.0 - 11.7)|**16.6%**|\n\n\n###### Table 2: Prevalence of Stunting (2023) among Children 6-59 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Rohingya Camps (2023)|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Indicators**|**Mega Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Registered Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Overall**
**(Weighted)**|\n|Stunting (HAZ),Very high if \u2265 30% (WHO-UNICEF)|Stunting (HAZ),Very high if \u2265 30% (WHO-UNICEF)|Stunting (HAZ),Very high if \u2265 30% (WHO-UNICEF)|Stunting (HAZ),Very high if \u2265 30% (WHO-UNICEF)|\n|6-59 months|**41.3%**
(37.0 - 45.8)|**38.5%**
(33.5 - 43.7)|**41.2%**|\n|6-23 months|**30.6%**
(27.0 - 34.4)|**29.2%**
(23.3 - 35.9)|**30.5%**|\n|24-59 months|**47.8%**
(41.3 - 54.5)|**42.9%**
(35.7 - 50.4)|**47.6%**|\n\n\n###### Concurrent forms of malnutrition: Two-thirds (66.7%) of children 6-59 months were affected by at least\n\none of the assessed forms of malnutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight, and anemia). A quarter of children\nwere affected by two or more forms of malnutrition with the most common burden being stunting and anemia\n(12%), primarily affecting children 6-23 months (Figure 3).\n###### Figure 3: Forms of Malnutrition among Children 6-59 months\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n###### Table 3: Prevalence of Anemia (2023) among Children 6-59 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Rohingya Camps (2023)|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Indicators**|**Mega Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Registered Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Overall**
**(Weighted)**|\n|Total Anemia (<11.0 g/dL),High if \u2265 40% (WHO)|Total Anemia (<11.0 g/dL),High if \u2265 40% (WHO)|Total Anemia (<11.0 g/dL),High if \u2265 40% (WHO)|Total Anemia (<11.0 g/dL),High if \u2265 40% (WHO)|\n|6-59 months|**38.1%**
(32.2 - 44.3)|**40.1%**
(32.4 - 48.4)|**38.2%**|\n|6-23 months|**56.0%**
(46.9 - 64.7)|**60.0%**
(51.0 - 68.4)|**56.2%**|\n|24-59 months|**27.2%**
(22.3 - 32.7)|**30.1%**
(21.6 - 40.3)|**27.3%**|\n\n\n###### Health and Nutrition Program Coverage and 2 Weeks Period Prevalence of Diarrhea\n\nThe overall prevalence of diarrhea among children 6-59 months in the past two weeks was 21.6% and 31.5%\namong younger children aged 6-23 months with a lower prevalence in Registered Camps than Mega Camps\nin both age groups. Of children with diarrhea, 81.8% received ORS while 52.6% received zinc, with a higher\nproportion of proper management of diarrhea in Registered Camps than in Mega Camps. Diarrhea was higher\namong wasted children (28%) than non-wasted children (18%). Coverage of measles vaccination, vitamin A\nsupplementation, and blanket supplementary feeding programs were above targets for children under five\n(Table 4).\n\n###### Table 4: Health and Nutrition Program Indicators among Children 6-59 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator|Mega Camps
(95% CI)|Registered Camps
(95% CI)|Overall
(Weighted)|Targets|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Prevalence of diarrhea** (two-week
recall) among children 6-59 months|**22.0%**
(18.1 - 26.4)|**14.9%**
(11.3 - 19.3)|**21.6%**||\n|**Use of ORS during diarrhea** episode
among children 6-59 months|**81.3%**
(69.5 - 89.2)|**92.3%**
(82.1 - 96.9)|**81.8%**||\n|**Use of zinc during diarrhea** episode
among children 6-59 months|**51.4%**
(32.8 - 67.2)|**78.8%**
(56.4 91.5)|**52.6%**||\n|**Measles vaccination** with card or
recall among children 9-59 months|**97.2%**
(94.7 - 98.6)|**98.5%**
(96.1 - 99.4)|**97.3%**|\u2265 95%|\n|**Vitamin A supplementation** within
past 6 months with card or recall
among children 6-59 months|**91.8%**
(86.0 - 95.3)|**90.6%**
(82.9 - 95.0)|**91.7%**|\u2265 90%|\n|**Deworming coverage** results among
children 24-59 months|**94.7%**
(90.0 - 97.3)|**97.4%**
(94.2 - 98.9)|**94.8%**|>75%|\n|**Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs (BSFP)**:|**Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs (BSFP)**:|**Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs (BSFP)**:|**Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs (BSFP)**:|**Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs (BSFP)**:|\n|6-59 months|
Not Applicable|**96.9%**
(93.0 - 98.7)|**93.5%**|>90%|\n|6-23 months|
**92.3%**
(80.7 - 97.1)|Not Applicable|Not Applicable|Not Applicable|\n|Nutrition-sensitive e-voucher
coverage (24-59 months)|**94.4%**
(91.5 - 96.4)|**94.4%**
(91.5 - 96.4)|**94.4%**
(91.5 - 96.4)|**94.4%**
(91.5 - 96.4)|\n\n\n#### Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Children 0-23 months\n###### Exclusive Breastfeeding: Exclusive breastfeeding was 69.9% among infants in the camps an\n\nimprovement compared to the 2022 IYCF assessment (62.3%) but below the UNHCR target of 75%. For the\n30% of infants who did not exclusively breastfeed, non-breastmilk liquids were introduced in the first two days\nincluding sweetened tea, cocoa, and water mixed with honey/sugar/glucose (Figure 5). The main reason for\nintroducing non breastmilk liquids was family, cultural, social, and religious beliefs. Continued breastfeeding\nfor the first two years occurred at acceptable levels, but complementary feeding practices were suboptimal.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.7988453507423401, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Prevalence of Anemia", - "confidence": 0.6068549156188965, - "start": 17, - "end": 20 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7968055605888367, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9975453019142151, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.9337679743766785, - "start": 28, - "end": 32 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9997655749320984, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9865907430648804, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.9315246939659119, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total Anemia", - "confidence": 0.6851538419723511, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health and Nutrition Program Indicators", - "confidence": 0.9491347074508667, - "start": 525, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.8529180884361267, - "start": 535, - "end": 541 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5510228872299194, - "start": 542, - "end": 543 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9540056586265564, - "start": 542, - "end": 543 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.9382299780845642, - "start": 531, - "end": 534 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Prevalence of diarrhea", - "confidence": 0.9871518611907959, - "start": 603, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.9859975576400757, - "start": 616, - "end": 619 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Deworming coverage", - "confidence": 0.6572775840759277, - "start": 972, - "end": 974 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.5573504567146301, - "start": 910, - "end": 913 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Coverage of blanket supplementary feeding programs", - "confidence": 0.7159398198127747, - "start": 1058, - "end": 1064 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IYCF assessment", - "confidence": 0.9226274490356445, - "start": 1334, - "end": 1336 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.844060480594635, - "start": 1345, - "end": 1346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps", - "confidence": 0.6385946869850159, - "start": 1327, - "end": 1328 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9922977089881897, - "start": 1333, - "end": 1334 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9603000283241272, - "start": 1333, - "end": 1334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "infants", - "confidence": 0.8566739559173584, - "start": 1324, - "end": 1325 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n###### Complementary Feeding: While 79.2% of young children were introduced to semisolid food at the\n\nappropriate time (6-8 months), the diversity and frequency of foods were insufficient and remained low\nthroughout the first two years. 26.9% of young children consumed a minimally diverse diet (at least 5 groups)\nand 47.3% of young children ate a minimum number of times for an overall minimum acceptable diet\nprevalence of 16.3%, which marks a reduction since the 2022 IYCF assessment. [6] Children consumed an\naverage of 3.7 food groups out of 8, primarily breastmilk and grains/roots/tubers, with some contribution from\nmeat/poultry/fish and vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (Figure 4). Compared to 2022, fewer children\nconsumed legumes, eggs, dairy products, and non-vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables. More than half of\nchildren (54.5%) consumed unhealthy food and almost a third (28.8%) consumed sugar sweetened\nbeverages although these were reductions since 2022. Stunting prevalence concurrently rose rapidly\nthroughout the young child\u2019s life from 18.8% at age 6-8 months to 44.0% by age 21-23 months due in part to\ninsufficient complementary feeding practices (Figure 6).\n\n###### Table 5: IYCF Indicators among Children 0-23 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator|Age
Range|Mega
Camps
(95% CI)|Registered
Camps
(95% CI)|Overall
(Weighted)|Targets|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Early initiation of breastfeeding
(within 1 hour of birth)|0-23m|**93.2%**
(87.3 - 96.2)|**94.4%**
(89.2 - 97.2)|**93.3%**|\u2265 85%|\n|Child fed colostrum|0-23m|**93.2%**
(87.3 - 96.2)|**96.9%**
(90.0 - 99.1)|**93.4%**||\n|Child given other liquids than breast
milk in the first 2 days after delivery|0-23m|**26.9%**
(15.5 - 42.5)|**11.7%**
(6.9 - 18.9)|**26.2%**||\n|Exclusive breastfeeding under 6
months|0-5m|**70.0%**
(52.9 - 82.9)|**68.1%**
(45.8 - 84.3)|**69.9%**|\u2265 75%|\n|Continued breastfeeding at 1 year|12-15m|**97.2%**
(81.4 - 99.6)|**94.7%**
(63.9 - 99.5)|**97.1%**|>90%|\n|Continued breastfeeding at 2 years|20-23m|**63.6%**
(45.6 - 78.5)|**62.1%**
(30.5 - 85.9)|**63.5%**|>60%|\n|Bottle feeding|0-23m|**4.7%**
(2.2 - 9.8)|**8.0%**
(2.8 - 20.4)|**4.8%**|<5%|\n|Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft
foods|6-8m|**78.9%**
(62.1 - 89.6)|**86.7%**
(64.8 - 95.8)|**79.2%**|>60%|\n|Consumption of iron-rich or iron-
fortified foods|6-23m|**89.1%**
(80.4 - 94.3)|**94.8%**
(87.4 - 98.4)|**89.4%**|>60%|\n|Consumption of eggs and/ or flesh
food|6-23m|**51.6%**
(34.2 - 68.7)|**56.0%**
(38.8 - 71.9)|**51.8%**||\n|Consumption of zero vegetables and
fruits|6-23m|**44.0%**
(34.2 - 54.4)|**40.5%**
(23.9 - 59.6)|**43.8%**||\n|Unhealthy food consumption|6-23m|**54.3%**
(43.0 - 65.3)|**59.5%**
(49.5 - 68.8)|**54.5%**||\n|Sugar sweetened beverage
consumption|6-23m|**29.3%**
(21.6 \u2013 38.4)|**17.2%**
(10.8 - 26.3)|**28.8%**||\n|Average daily number of food groups
consumed (out of 8)|6-23m|**3.7**|**4.0**|**3.7**|>5|\n|Minimum Diet Diversity (MDD)|6-23m|**26.6%**
(18.8 - 36.0)|**32.8%**
(19.1 - 50.1)|**26.9%**||\n|Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF)|6-23m|**47.3%**
(35.3 - 59.1)|**48.3%**
(30.5 - 66.5)|**47.3%**||\n|Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD)|6-23m|**16.3%**
(8.0 - 30.2)|**20.7%**
(10.7 - 36.2)|**16.5%**||\n\n\n\n6 ACF/UNICEF. Infant and Young Child Feeding Survey. Rohingya Camps, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. October 2022.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n###### Figure 4: Proportion of Children (0-23 months) that consumed the food group in the past 24 hours\n\n\n100.0%\n\n\n80.0%\n\n\n60.0%\n\n\n40.0%\n\n\n20.0%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Breastmilk|Grains,
roots and
tubers|Meat, fish,
poultry|Vit. A Rich
Fruits and
Vegetable
s|Other
Fruits and
Vegetable
s|Legumes,
nuts and
seeds|Eggs|Dairy
products|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Mega Camps|85.9%|78.8%|48.9%|47.3%|19.6%|22.3%|8.7%|3.8%|\n|Registered Camps|83.6%|90.5%|44.0%|47.4%|25.0%|17.2%|29.3%|3.4%|\n|Overall|85.8%|79.3%|48.7%|47.3%|19.8%|22.1%|9.6%|3.8%|\n\n\nMega Camps Registered Camps Overall\n\n\n###### Figure 5: Patterns of infant feeding practices by age group (0-5 months)\n\n\n###### Figure 6: Stunting prevalence by age group (6-23 months)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.9624589085578918, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7255247235298157, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.999828577041626, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9998950958251953, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8453323245048523, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.5689049959182739, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Patterns of infant feeding practices", - "confidence": 0.6954942345619202, - "start": 315, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Stunting prevalence", - "confidence": 0.5375332236289978, - "start": 336, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n###### Figure 7: IYCF Prevalence Trends among Children 0-23 months in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2019-2023) [7]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7 _Some IYCF indicators were not assessed in 2019(continued breastfeeding, MMF, MDD, MAD, etc)._\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.7930849194526672, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7724955081939697, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.996842622756958, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.8860450983047485, - "start": 25, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.999688982963562, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019-2023", - "confidence": 0.9455905556678772, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children 0-23 months", - "confidence": 0.9023420810699463, - "start": 21, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### Indicators for Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 years)\n\nAmong women of reproductive age, acute malnutrition was low (1.8%) and anemia was of medium public\nhealth significance (24.1%). Program coverage (antenatal care, iron folic acid supplementation and blanket\nsupplementary feeding) was high for pregnant and lactating women, a continuation of the trend for the past\nrounds of SENS although BSFP coverage was slightly below the 90% target in Mega Camps at 85.5% (Fig.8).\n\n###### Table 6: Health and Nutrition Indicators among Women of Reproductive Age in Cox\u2019s\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023)|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Indicator**|**Mega Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Registered Camps**
**(95% CI)**|**Overall**
**(Weighted)**|\n|Low MUAC (<210mm) among
women of reproductive age|**1.8%**
(0.9 - 3.3)|**1.3%**
(0.7 - 2.4)|**1.8%**|\n|Low MUAC (<210mm) among PLW
with child<6 months|**1.8%**
(0.4 - 7.0)8|**0.0%**
(0.0 - 0.0)|**1.8%**|\n|Mean women\u2019s MUAC (mm)
|**265.2**
(259.8 - 270.5)|**282.7**
(277.9 - 287.5)|**266.0**|\n|Total Anemia (<12.0 g/dL)|**24.1%**
(21.6 - 26.9)|**24.5%**
(18.2 - 32.1)|**24.1%**|\n|Antenatal care coverage (pregnant)|**89.1%**
(77.4 - 95.1)|**94.7%**
(78.6 - 98.9)|**89.3%**|\n|Iron folic acid supplementation
coverage (pregnant)|**93.8%**
(80.3 - 98.2)|**92.1%**
(80.3 - 97.1)|**93.7%**|\n|Blanket supplementary
feeding coverage (pregnant
and lactating)
_Target >90%_|**85.5%**
(76.9 - 91.2)|**96.2%**
(87.8 - 98.9)|**86.0%**|\n\n\n###### Figure 8: Prevalence Trends for Antenatal Care Coverage and Iron Folic Acid supplementation among Pregnant Women in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2019-2023)\n\n100.0%\n\n\n80.0%\n\n\n60.0%\n\n\n40.0%\n\n\n20.0%\n\n|Col1|ANC IFA supplementation
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Col3|ANC IFA supplementation
Registered Camps|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Sept/Oct-19|34.6%|43.3%|70.3%|71.0%|\n|Oct/Nov-21|75.0%|62.5%|82.1%|79.9%|\n|Nov/Dec-22|93.4%|85.5%|80.6%|78.7%|\n|Nov-23|89.1%|93.8%|94.7%|92.1%|\n\n\n\nSept/Oct-19 Oct/Nov-21 Nov/Dec-22 Nov-23\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.7679057121276855, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Indicators for Women of Reproductive Age", - "confidence": 0.8326777219772339, - "start": 12, - "end": 18 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7907801270484924, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.998120129108429, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9991158843040466, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8508965373039246, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Women of Reproductive Age", - "confidence": 0.7532035708427429, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Low MUAC", - "confidence": 0.5841214060783386, - "start": 226, - "end": 228 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women of reproductive age", - "confidence": 0.673185408115387, - "start": 236, - "end": 240 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mean women\u2019s MUAC", - "confidence": 0.8204215168952942, - "start": 363, - "end": 368 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total Anemia", - "confidence": 0.702052891254425, - "start": 424, - "end": 426 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Antenatal care coverage", - "confidence": 0.65913325548172, - "start": 488, - "end": 491 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "pregnant", - "confidence": 0.5493194460868835, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered Camps", - "confidence": 0.8049823641777039, - "start": 760, - "end": 762 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Sept/Oct-19", - "confidence": 0.9329203367233276, - "start": 787, - "end": 790 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### Household Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)\n###### Access to Protected Water: Rohingya refugee households had universal access to protected or treated\n\nwater sources (public taps, handpumps/ boreholes, and piped household connections). Most households\n(62.0%) collected their water from a piped connection (Figure 9). Refugees collected an average of 35.8 liters\nof water per person per day in protected containers which is above the UNHCR standard of 20 liters per\nperson per day. Refugees in registered camps accessed more water than those in Mega Camps (46.1 vs.\n35.4 liters per person).\n###### Access to Soap: More than 95% of households in both camps had access to soap. Access to Latrines: More than 99% of households in both camps used a toilet but the proportion of children\n\nunder 5 using a toilet was lower (30.1%). Two-thirds of children (67.6%) practiced open defecation which is\na vector for the spread of infectious disease and is an increase from the 58% reported in the 2022 WASH\nKAP survey (Figure 10). [9]\n\n###### Table 7: WASH Indicators among Households in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator|Mega Camps
(95% CI)|Registered
Camps
(95% CI)|Overall
(Weighted)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Proportion of households collecting drinking water
from protected/ treated sources
_Target: >95%_|**100.0%**
(100.0 - 100.0)|**98.8%**
(91.2 - 99.9)|**99.9%**|\n|Average water collected per person/day
(protected containers)_Target: \u2265 20 L/ person/ day_|**35.4 L**|**46.1 L**|**35.8 L**|\n|\u2265 20 L/ person/ day|**60.3%**
(41.8 - 73.1)|**67.4%**
(50.6 - 80.7)|**60.6%**|\n|15 - <20 L/ person/ day|**8.5%**
(6.3 - 11.2)|**8.8%**
(4.5 - 8.8)|**8.5%**|\n|<15 L/ person/ day|**31.2%**
(20.9 - 43.7)|**23.8%**
(14.8 - 35.8)|**30.9%**|\n|Proportion of households using a latrine/ toilet|**99.0%**
(95.7 - 99.8)|**100.0%**
(100.0 - 100.0)|**99.0%**|\n|Proportion of children under 5 using a latrine/
toilet|**29.9%**
(23.7 - 37.0)|**34.3%**
(25.4 - 44.4)|**30.1%**|\n|Proportion of households with access to soap|**95.9%**
(79.2 - 99.3)|**93.8%**
(82.1 - 98.1)|**95.8%**|\n\n\n###### Figure 9: Primary Household Water Source (%)\n\n\n###### Figure 10: Where do under-five children defecate? (%)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n9 _UNHCR/REACH. WASH and Shelter Third Party Monitoring. WASH Household KAP Survey. Rohingya Camps, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. 2022._\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.7945650219917297, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.713875949382782, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9904788732528687, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6660632491111755, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9994679093360901, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8601587414741516, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugee households", - "confidence": 0.8523882627487183, - "start": 32, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2022 WASH\nKAP survey", - "confidence": 0.7266694903373718, - "start": 228, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9052908420562744, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9998003840446472, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9848360419273376, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.909502387046814, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WASH Indicators among Households", - "confidence": 0.5324093103408813, - "start": 249, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps", - "confidence": 0.7376765012741089, - "start": 254, - "end": 260 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5465827584266663, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9144246578216553, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9489383101463318, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Average water collected per person/day", - "confidence": 0.6662206053733826, - "start": 393, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9394514560699463, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Proportion of households using a latrine/ toilet", - "confidence": 0.6400406956672668, - "start": 627, - "end": 635 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8331294655799866, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n#### Indicators for Mosquito Net Access and Utilization\n\nOwnership of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) was 82.3% across all camps which was above the\nUNHCR target of 80% for the first time (Figure 11). In Rohingya camps, 3.3 people shared a LLIN compared\nto the UNHCR goal of 2 persons per LLIN). About two-thirds of household members (67.6%) slept under an\nLLIN with higher utilization among at-risk populations of children under five (70.0%) and pregnant women\n(79.2%). Under-five children and pregnant women are protected from dengue transmission when all age\ngroups are covered by LLIN.\n\n###### Table 8: Mosquito Net Access and Utilization in Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya Camps (2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator|Mega Camps
(95% CI)|Registered
Camps
(95% CI)|Overall
(Weighted)|Targets|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Proportion of households owning at
least one mosquito net (any type)|**100.0%**
(100.0 - 100.0)|**99.6%**
(96.8 - 100.0)|**99.9%**
||\n|Proportion of households owning at
least one treated LLIN|**82.4%**
(64.9 - 92.2)|**79.6%**
(70.4 - 86.5)|**82.3%**
|Target of >
80%|\n|Average number of persons per
LLIN|**3.3**|**3.1**|**3.3**|2 persons/
LLIN|\n|Proportion of household members who slept under an LLIN:|Proportion of household members who slept under an LLIN:|Proportion of household members who slept under an LLIN:|Proportion of household members who slept under an LLIN:|Proportion of household members who slept under an LLIN:|\n|All ages|**67.6%**|**67.2%**|**67.6%**||\n|Children 0-59 months|**69.9%**|**71.2%**|**70.0%**||\n|Pregnant women|**80.6%**|**48.0%**|**79.2%**||\n\n###### Figure 11: Proportion of Households with at least one Mosquito Net, (2021-2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.701252281665802, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Indicators for Mosquito Net Access and Utilization", - "confidence": 0.8497281670570374, - "start": 12, - "end": 19 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7502763867378235, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.99700528383255, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.873908281326294, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rohingya camps", - "confidence": 0.5213412046432495, - "start": 55, - "end": 57 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9987803101539612, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8453288078308105, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.7812094688415527, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Indicator", - "confidence": 0.503995954990387, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8781788945198059, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9309313297271729, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n\n#### Discussion / Focus Areas\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Acute
Malnutrition
(Wasting)|\u2022 In Mega Camps, there was a deteriorating acute malnutrition situation of very high
public health concern (15.4%) and the highest prevalence since the 2017 Influx. In
Registered Camps, wasting was 9.6% and of medium public health concern.
\u2022 Focus on the identification and treatment of acute illnesses among malnourished
children enrolled in nutrition programs to improve recovery outcomes.
\u2022 Enhance the effectiveness of the GMP, ensuring regular follow-ups for children,
particularly those exhibiting static weight or weight loss. Strengthen the referral system
between BSFP, TSFP, and OTP including the use of accurate anthropometric
equipment, automatic look up charts, and trained staff. Most children who missed
enrolment in treatment programs were solely identified by low WHZ. Untreated cases
of wasting contribute to higher prevalences of acute malnutrition and stunting.
\u2022 Consider expansion of community based MUAC screening criteria to identify missed
children with low WHZ. Screening criteria of MUAC <140mm could identify up to 80%
of the low WHZ acute malnutrition cases with confirmatory anthropometric
measurements at nutrition centers or screening by WHZ could be done to avoid false
positives from expanded MUAC.
\u2022 Conduct a coverage survey to determine whether the proportion of unenrolled acutely
malnourished children reflects the accurate camp situation.
\u2022 Conduct a follow-up nutrition assessment in 6 months in Mega Camps to determine
whether acute malnutrition is still above the very high prevalence threshold and whether
program changes are having an impact on the reduction of malnutrition.
\u2022 Determine reasons for the difference in GAM between Mega vs Registered Camps
through data triangulation with the qualitative assessment and secondary data sources
(e.g., food security data, IYCF assessments, coverage assessments).|\n|---|---|\n|**Chronic**
**Malnutrition**
**(Stunting)**|\u2022
Stunting remained the most persistent and prevalent form of malnutrition affecting
refugee children in 2023 with little progress made on this indicator since 2017. Age
group trends in stunting suggest inadequate nutrient intake during the complementary
feeding period from 6-23 months.
\u2022
Assess and improve the intra-household utilization of supplementary food products
provided for children 6-23 months and E-voucher top up for children 24-59 months and
any differences in outcomes for wasting and stunting between younger and older
children since they are enrolled in different modalities.
\u2022
Review and analyze the drivers of stunting in the Rohingya context to develop clear
recommendations, actions, and targets for reduction.|\n|**IYCF**|\u2022
The average under two child breastfeeds and eats 2.5 times per day and consumes
food from the grains/roots and tubers group with occasional contribution from meat, fish,
and poultry group and vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables group. To achieve MAD,
children need to eat at least one more time per day and from two more food groups
(e.g., eggs, dairy, legumes, other fruits, and vegetables). 43.8% of children did not
consume fruits or vegetables while 54.5% consumed unhealthy food and 28.8%
consumed sugar sweetened beverages.
\u2022
Continue promoting early initiation and improving exclusive breastfeeding by
addressing the introduction of non-breastmilk liquids in the first few days after birth.
\u2022
Emphasize improved complementary feeding practices including increased diversity
and frequency. The focus of the complementary feeding initiation_(mukhe bhaat)_
ceremony could be shifted to more nutrient dense foods such as WSB+ with added
ingredients and other types of rice-based porridges that include multiple food groups.
\u2022
Partners could set joint targets for standard IYCF indicators like MDD, MMF, MAD,
consumption of egg/flesh foods, etc. as there are no currently established targets but
the prevalences are low.|\n|**Anaemia**|\u2022
Anemia, as a marker of access to micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), is of medium
public health significance among women and children (although at the high end of the
range in children).|\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.7316946983337402, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "identification and treatment of acute illnesses", - "confidence": 0.7522459030151367, - "start": 92, - "end": 98 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8451839685440063, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9939361214637756, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mega Camps", - "confidence": 0.5210976600646973, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9994322657585144, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "coverage survey", - "confidence": 0.5914343595504761, - "start": 290, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "follow-up nutrition assessment", - "confidence": 0.6357355117797852, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mega Camps", - "confidence": 0.7759875059127808, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.725422739982605, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "food security data", - "confidence": 0.7250136733055115, - "start": 398, - "end": 401 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.7996793389320374, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IYCF assessments", - "confidence": 0.7795951962471008, - "start": 402, - "end": 404 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5025398135185242, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.8723981380462646, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "indicator", - "confidence": 0.7725580930709839, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9439171552658081, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9024325013160706, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IYCF indicators", - "confidence": 0.9511843323707581, - "start": 853, - "end": 855 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|\u2022 Prevalence of anemia by child\u2019s age suggests poor iron stores were laid down among
pregnant women. With near universal enrolment in ANC/BSFP and reported
consumption of iron folic acid by pregnant women, high BSFP coverage among PLWs
and children 6-23 months, and high vitamin A supplementation deworming coverage
among children, other factors may be influencing anemia in the Rohingya camps such
as low consumption of heme iron and co-factors like the retinol form of vitamin A,
magnesium, and copper.
\u2022 Conduct an anemia causal study to determine the anemia etiology in the camp setting.
\u2022 Explore various avenues to improve micro-nutrient intake through the introduction of
other sources like kitchen gardens, increased access to animal source foods,
micronutrient powders (MNPs), and/or rice fortification.|\n|---|---|\n|**Food**
**Security**|\u2022
Ration cuts from USD12 to USD8 per person occurred in 2023. As of the November
2023 post distribution monitoring (PDM), 90% of the refugee population did not have
adequate food consumption, a 12% increase since May 2023. Analysis done both by
the nutrition sector as well as the PDMs have shown an associated worsening of both
the food security and nutrition situation.10
\u2022
Low diet diversity among 6-23 months old children indicates issues with food access
availability or utilization and is associated with overall poor household diet diversity and
low diet diversity among women (MDD-W). Women\u2019s nutrition status impacts child
anemia and stunting prevalence. By 6 months of age, a sizable proportion of children
are already stunted (18.8%) and anemic (72.7%).
\u2022
Assess women\u2019s diet diversity in the next SENS or food security monitoring. The limited
data that exist on the diets of women and adolescent girls in refugee contexts suggests
that their diets are poor and that this contributes to malnutrition in their children. The
high nutrient needs of adolescent girls and PLW constitute a significant portion of the
household cost of a nutritious diet. Increased focus should be placed on SBCC
campaigns targeted towards decision makers of household resources to allocate
appropriate resources for adolescent girls\u2019 nutrient requirements as a time of life that
may allow for catch up and as future mothers.|\n|**Health**|\u2022
Maintain the high coverage of measles vaccination, vitamin A supplementation, and
deworming campaigns.
\u2022
Work with health sector partners to address the increased prevalence of diarrhea and
treatment with ORS and zinc.
\u2022
Maintain high coverage and utilization of long-lasting insecticide treated nets through
regular distribution, and sensitization about utilization among priority groups (under-five
children and pregnant women).|\n|**WASH**|\u2022
Maintain water access above UNHCR standards(>20 lpppd) with a focus on minimizing
geographic disparities in camps.
\u2022
Prioritize awareness and behavior change around open defecation for under-five
children. Only 25% of households mentioned latrine use as a diarrhea prevention
measure in the 2022 UNHCR WASH KAP Survey.|\n|**Cross**
**Cutting**|\u2022
Develop and implement a multi-sectoral action plan across nutrition, health, food
security, WASH, education, and protection sectors for stronger collaboration,
advocacy, and investment including joint targets for multisectoral indicators (i.e.,
stunting, anemia, minimum acceptable diet).
\u2022
Scale up and increase investments in nutrition prevention approaches including social
behavior change programs.
\u2022
Conduct a technical review of the ongoing/ current treatment and prevention nutrition
programs to identify areas to strengthen for quality interventions and better outcomes.
\u2022
Consider the lifecycle approach for nutrition prevention and treatment services during
the most nutritionally vulnerable stages of life. Female adolescence is a missed
opportunity to focus on a high intake of micronutrient rich foods when biological needs
are especially high and the cost of a nutritious diet increases.|\n\n\n\n10 WFP. Post Distribution Monitoring, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. November 2023.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey (SENS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Standardized Expanded Nutrition\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.5922257900238037, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9552872180938721, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9980049729347229, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9871917963027954, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5932646989822388, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/20299a92-34a5-48b9-8247-c3caee793a44/2023_BAN_CXB%20SENS%20FINAL%20EXEC%20SUMMARY_4%20JAN%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_410/raw/doc_410_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_410/raw/doc_410_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8b84903cf9848de36cfbc50a7badbb11c9ca716f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_410/raw/doc_410_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_As of January 2024, more than 150,000 Sudanese refugees who fled the outbreak of conflict in Sudan in April 2023, are still living in makeshift_\n_shelters at the spontaneous refugee site in the border town of Adr\u00e9, Chad, without adequate access to basic se. They are in urgent need of_\n_relocation to safer areas with better access to aid. \u00a9 UNHCR/Ying Hu_\n\n\n[GBV Brief-Sudan Situation-March 2024_FinalDraft2](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cremerc_unhcr_org/Documents/Documents/EHAGL/Sudan%20Situation/Protection%20Briefs/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-March%202024_FinalDraft2.docx?web=1)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Operational Context & Analysis ................................................................................... 3**_\n_**Trends & Figures ........................................................................................................... 4**_\n_**Key Gender-based Violence Risks ............................................................................... 4**_\n_**Prevention of, Risk Mitigation and Response to Gender-based Violence ................ 7**_\n_**Gaps & Challenges ........................................................................................................ 8**_\n_**Key Messages ................................................................................................................ 9**_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It has been one year since the outbreak of conflict between the Sudanese Armed\nForces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on 15 April 2023, which led Sudan\nto become one of the world\u2019s worst humanitarian tragedies and one of the largest\ninternal displacement crises globally, forcing over **9.2 million people from their**\n**homes** and exacerbating an already dire humanitarian crisis, including more than\n**1.9 million people who have fled so far to neighbouring countries** . Two thirds of\nthe afore-mentioned affected population are women and children.\n\n\nThe security situation in Sudan remains highly volatile, characterised by ongoing\narmed conflict, criminal activities and communal tensions. Independent UN Human\nRights experts on 22 March expressed alarm over increase reports of sexual slavery\nand trafficking. This is being compounded by an increase in child and forced\nmarriage, and the recruitment of boys by armed forces, access to support survivors\nhas reportedly deteriorated since December. [1]\n\nIn addition, fourteen months of brutal fighting is driving a hunger crisis in Sudan with\nsome areas likely to experience catastrophic levels of food insecurity. The conflict\nhas had a devastating impact on agricultural production leading to acute food\ninsecurity, malnutrition rates a soaring and the obstacles to aid delivery are many.\nWFP warns that at least 25 million people are struggling with escalating rates of\nhunger and malnutrition . [2]\n\n\n\n1 UNHCR Sudan Situation External Update #57- 17 April 2024\n2 UNHCR Sudan Situation External Update #53- 20 March 2024\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As of June 2024, **7.1 million persons** have been displaced within Sudan due to the conflict, including 219,503\nrefugees and asylum seekers, representing various nationalities including South Sudanese, Ethiopians, Eritreans.\n\n\nA total of **1,9 million** refugees, asylum seekers, and returnees have fled to Egypt, Chad, Central African Republic\n(CAR), South Sudan, and Ethiopia. While around **78% of refugees are women and children** overall, in countries\nlike Chad and CAR the current percentage of women and children is estimated around **86% and 80 %** in South\nSudan.\n\n#### **Key Gender-based Violence Risks**\n\n\n**GBV risks in Sudan**\n\n\n_Continuous reports of conflict-related sexual violence:_\n\n\nIn Sudan, numerous incidents of conflict-related sexual violence perpetrated by parties to the conflict but also\nresulting from the escalation of inter-communal violence coupled with the collapse of law and order continue to\nbe reported by women and girls. Reports of sexual exploitation and abuse and trafficking in person have also\nincreased [4] But with limited access to services as well as fear of retaliation and stigma, under-reporting of GBV\nincidents remains high. The trend emerging from analysis shows that 56% of GBV incidents reported in Ethiopia\nand South Sudan occurred prior displacement or during flight.\n\n\nThe UN Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan [5] received credible reports of rampant sexual violence, including rape\nand gang rape, and that they are investigating reports of sexual slavery and sexualized torture in detention\nfacilities, including against men and boys.\u201d [6] \u201cWe are appalled by reports of women and girls being sold at slave\nmarkets in areas controlled by RSF forces and other armed groups, including in North Darfur,\u201d UN experts said. [7]\nThe experts also expressed concern about the increase in child, early and forced marriage, reportedly a result of\nfamily separation, and gender-based violence, including rape and unwanted pregnancies. [8]\n\n\n_3_ [Situation Sudan situation (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)\n\n_4_ _[Sudan: Disaster before us- GBV situational update as of 1 April 2024](Sudan:%20Disaster%20before%20us-%20GBV%20situational%20update%20as%20of%201%20April%202024)_\n\n_5 The_ Human _Rights Council on 11 October 2023, through resolution A/HRC/RES/54/2 decided to establish an independent international fact-finding mission for_\n\n_the Sudan,_ [Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ffm-sudan/index)\n_6_ https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ffm-sudan/indexInvestigators: Disregard for human rights, law drives crisis in Sudan\n\n_7_ [Sudan: Trafficking for sexual exploitation and recruitment of children on the rise, warn UN experts | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/03/sudan-trafficking-sexual-exploitation-and-recruitment-children-rise-warn-un)\n\n_8 Ibid_\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Forces, they have been abducted and held in \u201cinhumane and degrading slave-like conditions.\u201d [10]\n\n_Limited access to and attacks on GBV service providers and frontline workers, including Women-led_\n_organizations:_\n\nWomen and girls, often the first responders in crises, are not only victims of this violence but also pivotal to the\nsurvival and resilience of their communities. [11] Indeed, Women-led organizations (WLOs) and women\u2019s rights\norganizations (WROs) play a crucial role in Sudan\u2019s response, not only by providing direct assistance, but also\nby serving as a voice for Sudanese women and girls who bear the brunt of consequences of a conflict [12] that\nremains largely invisible to the world. However, the challenges are significantly greater for women-led\norganizations engaged in sensitive and risky work, including being subjected to threats, including deaths threats,\ninjured, harassed, and arrested with impunity. [13]\n\nIn addition, limited access in conflict-affected states, shortage of supplies and limited availability of specialized\nGBV services continue to be the most pressing challenges. Access to services in conflict-affected localities is\nseverely curtailed by ongoing fighting, destruction of property, and looting of medical supplies and facilities,\nincluding health centres and hospitals .\n\n_Increase in intimate partner violence and harmful coping strategies:_\n\nConflict, food insecurity coupled with diminished livelihood options have dramatic consequences on women and\ngirls, heightening the risks of intimate partner violence, sexual exploitation and resorting to harmful coping\nmechanisms. Women and girls reported scarcity of food as a contributing factor to increased levels of Intimate\npartner violence (IPV) in the camps settings.it amounts for 77% of disclosed GBV incidents in 2024.\n\n\n**GBV risks in asylum countries**\n\n\nWomen and girls have arrived in asylum countries in dire conditions, with\nlittle or no assets and resources. Having witnessed and encountered\nviolence at home as well as during their flight, they continue in asylum to\nface GBV risks whist in transit, in temporary shelters provided, and while\nawaiting visas at borders .\n\n_Presence of armed elements in refugee settings:_\n\nThe security situation in CAR, Chad and Ethiopia remains a major\nchallenge, due to the presence and activities of armed elements and the\nnumber of protection incidents, mainly GBV incidents, reported has\nincreased. In CAR, the volatile security situation is causing secondary\nrefugee movements within the Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture, putting\nwomen and girls at heightened risks of GBV. In Ethiopia, the main GBV risks that were raised by women and girls\nconcerned the insecurity in the Amhara region heightened by the presence of armed men from the host\ncommunity in and around Kumer site, including incidents of murder, abductions, thefts, and rape. The\nGovernment\u2019s Refugee and Returnee Service (RRS) has decided to close Awlala and Kumer refugee settlements\nin the Amhara region considering refugees\u2019 concerns on security and service provision. A new settlement was\nallocated and the detailed plan and timelines for the relocation of refugees from Awlala and Kumer are currently\nbeing developed. [14]\n\n\n_9_ [Briefing Security Council](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/cremerc_unhcr_org/Documents/Documents/EHAGL/Sudan%20Situation/Protection%20Briefs/Briefing%20Security%20Council)\n\n_10 Ibid_\n_11_ [UN Women: A year of suffering for Sudanese women and girls | United Nations in Sudan](https://sudan.un.org/en/265952-un-women-year-suffering-sudanese-women-and-girls)\n_12_ [GBV and Women-Led Responses in Sudan - InterAction](https://www.interaction.org/blog/gbv-and-women-led-responses-in-sudan/)\n13 War in Sudan is \u2018a crisis of epic proportions\u2019 as atrocities abound | UN News\n\n_14_ UNHCR Sudan Situation External Update #67- 12 June 2024\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and its GBV prevention and response programming is\ndisproportionally under-funded with **only 16% of needs covered** [15] .\n\nForcibly displaced populations have a reduced access to food, the\nscarcity of natural resources, the limited livelihood opportunities and\ninflation have particularly contributed to increase risks of GBV against\nwomen and girls. At an increasing rate, families are resorting to\n\nof meals, begging, resorting to the sale or exchange of sex, child and\nforced marriage, borrowing accrual of debt from traders, and withdrawing children from school to engage in child\nlabour to support income-generating activities for the family.\n\nIn refugee settings, incidents of denial of resources and being committed by intimate partner are on the rise. In\nCAR, Chad, and South Sudan, Intimate partner violence (IPV) amounts to respectively 79, 66 and 52 per cent of\ndisclosed GBV incidents. In Cairo, UNHCR and UNFPA hosted a donor advocacy roundtable on prevention and\nresponses to GBV in emergencies. The event brought together representatives from women refugee-led\norganisations, NGOs, embassies, and UN agencies to improve the effectiveness of funding and increase\nawareness on the specific complexities facing refugees in Egypt, Among the key challenges which were\nhighlighted for Sudanese women were financial dependence on perpetrators and the inability to work.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Firewood collection related incidents nd lack of basic services:_\n\n\nIn refugee settlements, women report facing significant risks while collecting firewood. They often walk long\ndistances (more than five hours per trip) to gather fuel for cooking, which puts them at risk of physical and sexual\nassault, abuse, and injury. GBV incidents related to the collection of firewood or water amounts to 38 per cent of\ndisclosed GBV incidents across affected countries.\nThis is further exacerbated by the lack of clean drinking water, lack of access to adequate shelter, insufficient\nWASH facilities, lack of street & public lighting increasing GBV risks at the border areas and in the settlements.\n\n_SOGIESC- related discrimination in Egypt:_\n\nIn Egypt, new arrivals report GBV risks occurring in Sudan and en-route, majority of the survivors have arrived in\nEgypt through irregular movements and were either subjected to GBV or forced to witness it happening to others.\nParticularly vulnerable, LGBTIQ+ survivors continue to report difficulties integrating in the country of asylum due\nto discrimination and abuse based on SOGIESC [16] . As a result, some have reported resorting to selling/\nexchanging sex to afford their basic needs.\n\n\n_The above information is based on GBV safety audits, other assessments as well as trends analysis with GBV_\n_service providers. GBV remains severely under-reported as women and girls have reported fearing stigma and_\n_retaliation as well as facing difficulties accessing services due to active hostilities and other constraints._\n\n\n_15_ _[https://refugee-funding-tracker.org as of 07 July 2024](https://refugee-funding-tracker.org/)_\n\n_16_ [SOGIESC stands for Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sex Characteristics](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=33e9c143e48439f9JmltdHM9MTcxODIzNjgwMCZpZ3VpZD0xN2NmMjRhZS0zOWUwLTZhMmUtMTE3MS0zMGQ3MzgxYzZiOTYmaW5zaWQ9NTY0Ng&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=3&fclid=17cf24ae-39e0-6a2e-1171-30d7381c6b96&psq=sogiesc+meaning&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY3liZXJkZWZpbml0aW9ucy5jb20vZGVmaW5pdGlvbnMvU09HSUVTQy5odG1s&ntb=1)\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Inter-Agency GBV coordination in refugee and mixed settings**\n\n\nUNHCR continues to ensure that coordination mechanisms and referral pathways are in place in refugee settings.\nJointly with its partners, UNHCR has strengthened the provision of lifesaving, survivor-centred GBV response\nservices addressing health- including Clinical Management of Rape (CMR), psychosocial support (PSS),\neconomic/material assistance, legal awareness to GBV survivors, as well as referral to appropriate services.\n\n\n**GBV response**\n\n\nPsychosocial support has been paramount to GBV survivors\nas well as women and girls at risk. Women and Girls Safe\nSpaces provide safe environments for empowerment, support\nnetwork building and trauma reduction. 34 Women and Girls\nSafe Spaces (WGSS) have been established/ operationalised\nat border points and refugee sites, based on consultations\nwith women and girls as well as community leaders, to offer\nwomen and girls psychosocial support, information on\navailable services and provide them with empowerment\nactivities.\n\n\nIn CAR, \u201cMa Mbi Si\u201d safe spaces continue to offer psychosocial support activities as well as life skills training and\nliteracy skills training to empower women and girls. \u201cMa Mbi Si\u201d means \u201cListen to me too\u201d in Sango and is the\nname that displaced women and host communities have chosen for this service: active listening, the first step in\nhelping GBV survivors to cope with their trauma, rebuild their lives and their resilience. The pilot vegetablegrowing initiative continues with the aim to enhance the women\u2019 self-sufficiency. The earnings generated from\nthese sales are pooled and managed collectively by the group, allowing them to jointly decide on how to utilize\nthese funds.\n\nTraining sessions bolstered the capacity of 1836 GBV staff and frontline workers. They focussed on how to\nprovide support and refer GBV survivors to specialized services using existing GBV referral pathways, as well as\ncase management and clinical management of rape, and prevention approaches aiming at transforming social\nnorms and behaviours that condone GBV.\n\nUNHCR and its partners have increased collaborations with community-based structures, including Women-led\norganisation (WLOs) as well as Women Refugee-led organisations (WRLOs) in Sudan, South Sudan, Chad,\nUganda and Egypt. They are critical partners for effective humanitarian responses. WLOs are uniquely positioned\nto understand the specific needs of displaced women and girls. They build trust, address cultural sensitivities,\nand provide holistic solutions that empower women to secure their safety, access education, healthcare,\neconomic opportunities, and justice. Addressing GBV in displacement settings demands a collective effort.\nUNHCR is committed to working hand-in-hand with WLOs, facilitating greater collaboration and knowledge\nsharing, amplify their expertise and ensure GBV survivors receive the comprehensive support they deserve, and\ndisplaced women and girls are safe and empowered.\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "a culture of silence and family pressure\nto resolve GBV incidents through out-ofcourt settlement and lack of information\nhave continued to prevent GBV\nsurvivors from seeking the support they\nneed.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners continue to\ninvest efforts in awareness campaigns\nand sessions at community level that\ncontributed to enhance knowledge on\nGBV risks and where to access services,\nhow to report SEA and where to find\nChild protection services. These\nsessions are regularly conducted at\ntransit centers and refugee sites.\n\n\n\nUsing various prevention methods such as mass sensitization, community small talks (causeries), men\nengagement activities, women led activities, community theatre, sport and arts, UNHCR and its partners were\nable to reach a large part of the communities with messages on GBV prevention and with information on existing\nservices. In Sudan, Girba field office implemented Narrative theater (NT) approaches with the community to\nprevent forced marriage and denial of resources. Through this NT approach, community actors reflect on causes,\nconsequences, and community-based solutions.\n\n\nOperations have also continued to engage men and boys, community leaders, as change agents. UNHCR in\nSouth Sudan, Ethiopia and Chad has been building upon existing primary prevention activities (SASA! Together/\nEMAP/ Girl shine) to effectively engage communities, promoting behavioural change and preventing violence.\n\n\n**Risk mitigation measures across sectors**\n\n\nGBV safety audits were carried out in Chad and South Sudan identifying specific risks and access gaps for\nsurvivors, as well as the strengths and opportunities provided by refugee and host communities. Upon results,\naction plans will be developed.\n\n\nEfforts to reduce GBV incidents include addressing the challenges faced by women during firewood collection.\nImplementing safer energy solutions, such as clean cookstoves or alternative fuels, can help reduce the need for\nextensive firewood collection and mitigate GBV risks. In both Chad and South Sudan, UNHCR and its partners\nhave distributed a total of 4522 improved cook stoves.\n\n\nTo mitigate GBV risks as well as promote safety and dignity for women and girls, UNHCR and its partners have\nprovided 975 women with income generating activities and have supported 6970 women and girls with material\nassistance, including though the distribution of 7035 dignity kits at border points, in transit centers and in\nsites.7172 solar lanterns have been distributed in both Chad and South Sudan, as well as 356 solar street lighting\ninstalled.\n\n#### **Gaps & Challenges**\n\n\nGBV continues to be severely underreported due to difficulty for survivors to access services (due to continued\nhostilities, volatile security or floodings), out of fear of stigma and retaliation or because of low awareness on GBV\nand reporting mechanisms. This could be compounded by risk of extreme flooding in Sudan and South Sudan.\nIn Chad, heavy rains could further complicate the situation by cutting off access to refugee camps.\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitarian needs in Sudan and advocate for finding solutions. The conference has brought much-needed\nvisibility to the neglected crisis in Sudan and mobilized \u20ac2 billion to assist those affected, including internally\ndisplaced persons and refugees in the country and the region. [17]\n\n\nHowever, under-funding is severely hampering comprehensive life-saving GBV prevention and response\nprogramming. The millions of women and girls in need of GBV prevention and response services will be not be\nreached without a timely scale up in additional funding. National social services are very weak and not present in\nall refugee emergency areas. Similarly local civil society such as women-led organizations are underfunded. Host\ncommunities are very poor. Although refugees display resilience, currently they lack even access to basic needs.\n\n\nThe GBV response entirely relies on few humanitarian actors who also are severely underfunded. A reduced\naccess to food, the scarcity of natural resources, the limited livelihood opportunities and inflation have particularly\ncontributed to increase risks of GBV for women and girls in both Sudan and asylum countries. Logistical\nchallenges in Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Chad and CAR due to continued hostilities, weather conditions, to\npoor infrastructure and insecurity have also hindered the capacities of services providers to access survivors.\nNatural resources are scarce, infrastructure, essential services, and livelihoods activities are limited.\n\n#### **Key Messages**\n\n\nUNHCR will continue its advocacy to enhance the protection of forcibly displaced women and girls in and outside\nSudan including in favour of improved access and quality of services:\n\n- Swiftly scale-up and enhance GBV response services (including but not limited to static and remote GBV case\n\nmanagement service provision, clinical management of rape services, psycho-social support interventions,\nincrease the number of women and girls\u2019 safe spaces as well as strengthen information management in Sudan\nas well as in neighbouring countries, where those fleeing violence have sought safety as refugees, to meet the\nsoaring needs.\n\n- Ensure GBV prevention and response is considered as life-saving and prioritized or at least not disproportionately\n\nreduced.\n\n- Strengthen awareness campaigns, and community-based initiatives aimed at safeguarding the rights and dignity\n\nof forcibly displaced women and girls, while continuing to engage men and boys, community and religious leaders\nto address the root causes of GBV.\n\n- Enhance engagement with Women Led Organisations (WLOs), Refugee Led Organisations (RLOs), community\n\ninfluencers and other community-based structures to strengthen outreach, awareness raising on GBV and to\nfoster safe disclosure. They have expertise and are the most effective respondents in many contexts.\n\n- Provide cash assistance to GBV survivors so they can access services, ensure regular distribution of dignity kits\n\nand foster the self-reliance of women and girls so they do not have to resort to harmful coping mechanisms and/or\nrisk being exposed to sexual exploitation.\n\n- Strengthen GBV risk mitigation (including SEA) in all humanitarian interventions and safe disclosure and referrals\n\nof survivors through training of frontline workers across all sectors.\n\n- Increase flexible contributions [18] to quickly scale up emergency response and adjust activities to meet the needs\n\nidentified by refugees and internally displaced women and girls.\n\n\n_17 UNHCR Sudan Situation external update #53- 20 March 2024_\n\n_18_ _Updated financial requirements and funding status are available at https://reporting.unhcr.org/_\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2f190f71-7a7b-43c9-958a-35e05c3cc289/GBV%20Brief-Sudan%20Situation-June2024_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_411/raw/doc_411_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_411/raw/doc_411_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 55cd5c8c0925e5482c53e0ec5e2f496b898a7635..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_411/raw/doc_411_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,346 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION** **AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE: PROMISING PRACTICES AND** **RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WAY FORWARD**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# Contents\n\n\nOverview\n\n3\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n4\n\nMalta\n\n5\n\nGreece\n\n6\n\nCyprus\n\n7\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina\n\n8\n\nSerbia\n\n8\n\n\nRecommendations and the way forward\n\n\n**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe**\n**P.O. Box 2500**\n**1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org/europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe.html)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# Overview\n\n### **The risks and experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) faced by** **asylum-seekers and refugees before, during and after their journeys to** **Europe have been widely acknowledged, reiterating the continued need** **to strengthen the capacity of States and other stakeholders to prevent,** **mitigate and respond to such risks.** **Based on a survey conducted by UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Europe in** **2021, challenges in addressing GBV against asylum-seekers and** **refugees in the European context include:** \u2022 the timely identification, support and referral of survivors of GBV; \u2022 linguistical, practical, legal and administrative barriers to access services; \u2022 deterrents to reporting GBV incidents, such as lack of confidence in reception authorities or service providers, fear of reprisals, or concerns about consequences for asylum processing; \u2022 a heightened risk of GBV in reception centers and collective accommodation; \u2022 lack of data on GBV incidents and trends affecting refugees and asylum-seekers. **Across the region, UNHCR partners with States, civil society, and** **national service providers in an effort to address these challenges. This** **paper seeks to showcase some of the promising practices related to GBV** **prevention, risk mitigation and response, and offer recommendations for** **the way forward.**\n\n\nU N H C R > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8819117546081543, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "risks and experiences of gender-based violence", - "confidence": 0.6144057512283325, - "start": 18, - "end": 24 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9757485389709473, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Europe", - "confidence": 0.5798733234405518, - "start": 95, - "end": 102 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EUROPE", - "confidence": 0.8820433616638184, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.983770489692688, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers and refugees", - "confidence": 0.7578870058059692, - "start": 33, - "end": 36 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on GBV incidents", - "confidence": 0.637567400932312, - "start": 202, - "end": 206 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6352318525314331, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.925336480140686, - "start": 209, - "end": 212 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# ITALY\n\n\n\nThe **inclusion of refugee survivors in**\n**national GBV response systems** in Italy is\ndone in partnership with the national\nanti-violence network D.i.Re (Donne in reta\ncontro la violenza). Protocols and\nstandards for intervention with refugee\nsurvivors have been developed, with\naccompanying training facilitated for 179\npersonnel in anti-violence centers,\nincluding 52 female cultural mediators\nworking with the centers. The network\nprovides and refers survivors to a range of\nspecialized services including safe shelter,\npsycho-social support, health and legal\nsupport and counselling.\n\n\nD.i.Re and UNHCR have also established **a**\n**system of disaggregated data collection**\nincluding residence status, age, and\nnationality which enabled the identification\nof GBV trends and permits analysis of the\nnumbers of persons of concern accessing\nGBV services and information at antiviolence centers. As a result, the office is\nable to undertake evidence-based\nadvocacy for timely access to services.\nThis is a uniquely positive practice given\nextremely limited data related to incidents\nof GBV against persons of concern in the\nregion.\n\n\nIn late 2020 UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\n[launched a pocket guide for social](https://www.unhcr.org/it/wp-content/uploads/sites/97/2020/11/GBV-Pocket-Guide.pdf)\n[workers on how to provide first line](https://www.unhcr.org/it/wp-content/uploads/sites/97/2020/11/GBV-Pocket-Guide.pdf)\n[support to survivors of GBV. The guide](https://www.unhcr.org/it/wp-content/uploads/sites/97/2020/11/GBV-Pocket-Guide.pdf)\nhighlights the importance of ensuring the\nsurvivor\u2019s safety, confidentiality and dignity\nwhile prioritizing psychological first aid\nand links with locally available services.\nThe guide was especially timely given the\nimpact of COVID-19 on women and girls.\n\n\nThe office in Italy also developed a set of\ninformation tools for GBV survivors on\n\n\n\nrights and entitlements to health care and\nlaunched an information campaign **\u201cIo ho**\n**diritto alla salute\u201d** (I have the right to\nHealth) for men, boy and LGBTIQ+ GBV\nsurvivors with the aim of increasing access\nto basic and specialized health services in\na gender-inclusive manner. The\ninformation package includes 3 videos (in\nfive languages) and 3 comic strips,\ndeveloped in collaboration with Il Grande\nColibri\u2019, a Bologna based LGBTIQ+\norganisations that provides support and\nhelp to the LGBTIQ+ community. Three\nrefugees feature in the videos to raise\nawareness on the under-reported and\nstigmatized issue of GBV against men,\nboys and LGBTIQ+ persons. The\ninformation package is available on the\n[UNHCR Italy website, Io ho diritto alla](https://www.unhcr.org/it/cosa-facciamo/protezione/esigenze-particolari/violenza-di-genere/violenza-di-genere-contro-uomini-e-ragazzi/)\n[salute \u2013 and on UNHCR and partner social](https://www.unhcr.org/it/cosa-facciamo/protezione/esigenze-particolari/violenza-di-genere/violenza-di-genere-contro-uomini-e-ragazzi/)\nmedia platforms.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national GBV response systems", - "confidence": 0.9303537607192993, - "start": 24, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5106267333030701, - "start": 131, - "end": 132 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "D.i.Re", - "confidence": 0.6035125851631165, - "start": 41, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ITALY", - "confidence": 0.5813218355178833, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee survivors", - "confidence": 0.9719498157501221, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "system of disaggregated data collection", - "confidence": 0.8842270374298096, - "start": 131, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "identification\nof GBV trends", - "confidence": 0.5179581642150879, - "start": 149, - "end": 153 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5575542449951172, - "start": 131, - "end": 132 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "anti-violence centers", - "confidence": 0.6237609386444092, - "start": 75, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.6721470952033997, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# MALTA\n\n\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR in Malta supported an\neconomic empowerment initiative through\nits partner the Jesuit Refugee Service\n(JRS) for women residing reception\ncenters to produce 2,600 in reusable\ncloth face masks, which were then\ndistributed in detention and open\nreception centres. Women who had been\nengaged felt empowered by being able to\noffer a service during the pandemic while\nalso earning a small income.\n\n\nIn a partnership with Teatru Salesjan\n(community theatre group) and JRS,\nUNHCR organized a series of **workshops**\nfor women in the reception centers\n**designed to strengthen their access to**\n**employment**, specifically through raising\ntheir awareness of the cultural and social\ncontext in Malta. Based on the women\u2019s\ndirect feedback, the training helped\nparticipants to develop a sense of\nbelonging; learn about culturally accepted\nways of communicating in everyday life;\n\nother.\n\n\n\nwith the Maltese reception authority, a\nwomen-led organization (Tama) and the\ngenitourinary clinic of Malta\u2019s main public\nhospital to conduct **awareness sessions**\n**on rights and services with a focus on**\n**FGM and sexual health, for men and**\n**women.** Multi-media educational material\nincluding information videos and leaflets\nwill be made available in different\nlanguages in reception centers as well as\nonline to target a wider audience.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# GREECE\n\n\n\nIn Greece, the GBVIMS (GBV information\nmanagement system) has been used by\nUNHCR and GBV partners including\nDIOTIMA, PRAKSIS, M\u00e9decins du Monde,\nARSIS and the Greek Refugee Council\nsince 2018 to record GBV cases identified\nand supported in the Reception\nIdentification Centers on the Aegean\nIslands and Evros, as well as urban Athens\nand Thessaloniki. The information on\nservice provision and response is\nrecorded, and further used for targeted\nadvocacy to address service gaps in\ncertain locations, as well as general\nadvocacy for the need for continued and\nenhanced GBV programming and\nresponse.\n\n\nAccess to state run safe shelters in\nGreece is not immediate; and on some\nAegean Islands, there are no safe shelters,\nrequiring transfer to the mainland, which is\nnot always permitted given the restrictions\non movement applied to asylum-seekers.\nTo mitigate potential continuing risks to\nsafety to GBV survivors, UNHCR has\nestablished **Temporary Emergency**\n**Accommodation** implemented through its\nGBV partner DIOTIMA. The temporary\nemergency accommodation allows for\nimmediate placement of the GBV survivor\nin a hotel in an undisclosed location, with\na lobby to ensure security. The\nemergency accommodation may be\nprovided from several days to several\nweeks, pending the transfer of the GBV\nsurvivor to longer-term safe\naccommodation.\n\n\n**Risk mitigation measures** have been\ntaken by the Reception Identification\nService following targeted UNHCR\nadvocacy and support with the installation\nof lighting, locks and provision of whistles\nin reception identification centers on the\nAegean Islands, particularly Lesvos, Chios,\nand Kos.\n\n\nUNHCR has established **SOPs for cash**\n\n\n\n**card separation with GBV risk mitigation**\n**safeguards**, which have been adopted by\nthe State to endorse cash and card\nseparation allowing the GBV survivor\n(usually female) to have her cash card\nseparate from the male head of\nhousehold. **Risk mitigation measures are**\n**further adopted in the provision of**\n**accommodation** through the ESTIA\naccommodation program and stringent\nplacement rules are in place to minimize\nthe risk of GBV, for example, single\nwomen and men are placed separately.\n\n\n[UNHCR partnered with Positive Voice \u2013 a](https://positivevoice.gr/)\n[Greek Association promoting the rights of](https://positivevoice.gr/)\n[people living with HIV and HIV-vulnerable](https://positivevoice.gr/)\n[populations - to translate existing](https://positivevoice.gr/)\n**communication material on sexual and**\n**reproductive health,** after adapting them\nin consultation with community members.\nDespite initial fears that the content may\nbe sensitive, the information was received\npositively. Community members had\naccess to this information in their\ncountries of origin, and had expressed a\nneed for it in Greece, in languages\naccessible to persons of concern, to raise\nawareness and share information about\navailable services. Positive Voice and the\nUNHCR team worked together to produce\nthe material in English, French, Arabic,\nFarsi, Urdu, Pashto and Bengali.\nIn 2020, UNHCR in Greece provided\nmaterials requested to support the\nWomen\u2019s Refugee Committee on the\nisland to facilitate GBV prevention,\nresponse and empowerment activities,\nincluding computers, books, board games,\nsewing and knitting material. Community\nmeetings took place to consult and\ndiscuss concerns with asylum-seeking\nwomen, for example on sexual and\nreproductive health. UNHCR and IRC in\nGreece also co-facilitated a 4-day training\nfor members of the Women\u2019s Committee\non GBV and Psychological First Aid, and\nthe safe identification and referral of\nsurvivors.\n\n\n\n6 U N H C R > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9514586925506592, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "information on\nservice provision and response", - "confidence": 0.9100050926208496, - "start": 76, - "end": 82 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.6137011051177979, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7824849486351013, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aegean\nIslands", - "confidence": 0.6957874894142151, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9729161858558655, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV cases", - "confidence": 0.8123990893363953, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n\n\nMale engagement takes place through\nUNHCR partner DIOTIMA in urban Athens\nand Lesvos Reception and Identification\nCenters. Sessions are held with men to\ninfluence behavioural change and discuss\nattitudes around GBV. Male peer to peer\nGBV advocacy has proven an effective\nway to address GBV and sexual\nharassment in the these centers\n# CYPRUS\n\nIn 2020, the office in **Cyprus** conducted a\nsurvey on the extent of GBV taking place\nagainst persons of concern. As a result of\ninformation collected through the survey,\n**authorities were supported to implement**\n**a system of identification and referral for**\n**persons with specific needs** at the point\nof reception and arrival through the\nsecondment of two staff (one male and\none female) from the welfare services.\nWomen at risk and GBV survivors are now\nprioritized within the registration process,\nfor relocation and to access safer\naccommodation and services. At the same\ntime, the survey also highlighted the\nsensitivity of the subject and challenges in\nobtaining information about GBV from\ncommunities.\n\n\nIn order to support survivors, the office has\nengaged the services of a **roving**\n**psychologist and interpreter** to conduct\noutreach as it was seen that women were\nreluctant to come forward to access\npsycho-social support services, even if\nidentified. The psychologist facilitates a\nwomen\u2019s empowerment group as well as\none-to-one sessions with survivors. This\nprovision of psycho-social support and\nreferral for services is supported by three\npsychologists and additional staff within\nUNHCR\u2019s partner in Cyprus.\n\n\n\nUNHCR in Greece has also introduced a\n**Community Liaison** position requiring\nrelevant language skills in order to directly\nengage with communities on GBV\nprevention and response, including\nescorting survivors to service providers at\nthe request of the authorities.\n\n\nIn addition, **awareness raising sessions**\n**related to female genital mutilation** are\nfacilitated, including by engaging 9\nvolunteers as ambassadors on the subject,\nparticularly within the Somali community.\nAmbassador activities include training with\nmen in reception centers, and training\n\n\n\nU N H C R > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9391180276870728, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7520283460617065, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CYPRUS", - "confidence": 0.9428301453590393, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9959409236907959, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.6090039610862732, - "start": 88, - "end": 91 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA\n\n\n\nIn Una-Sana canton in Bosnia and\nHerzegovina, GBV survivors are supported\nthrough a **Safe House project**\nimplemented by the project in partnership\nwith NGOs Vasa Prava and Zene sa Une.\nThe project provides a range of protection\nservices in the community, including\nalternative care for unaccompanied\nchildren, accommodation facilities for\nadults, food, hygiene items, psychological\nsupport, legal aid services, educational\nsupport and primary health care.\n# SERBIA\n\n\nA **peer educator project** has been\nintroduced with unaccompanied children\nfrom Afghanistan, equipping them with\nskills and knowledge to raise awareness\non GBV and related subjects, including\ngender norms, sexual orientation and\ngender identity and trafficking. Peer\neducators have organized events and\nactivities with other children to share this\ninformation, including through social\nmedia.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s partner Danish Refugee Council\ntrained asylum-seeking women from\nAfghanistan, Syria and Iran on human and\nwomen\u2019s rights, to support their role as\nentry points for identification, referral and\npeer support for women and girls\naccommodated in the Asylum Centre\nKrnjaca in Belgrade. **A safe space for**\n**women and girls** has also been\nestablished in the center to run thematic\nworkshops, legal and psychosocial\ncounseling, reproductive health education,\nand other related activities.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Vasa Prava and Zene sa Une\nhave developed **Standard Operating**\n**Procedures** with referral pathways to\nstandardize criteria and pathways for\nreferrals of identified cases to the Safe\nHouse. The project engages a number of\npartners in Una-Sana canton, including\nlocal authorities, hospitals, local and\ninternational organisations such as the\nRed Cross, IOM, UNFPA, M\u00e9decins du\nMonde, the Danish Refugee Council, and\nSave the Children, ensuring the full range\nof multi-sectoral services for survivors.\n\n\nThe Danish Refugee Council also provides\nfree legal aid and psychosocial support to\nGBV survivors. Free legal aid is provided\nby a DRC lawyer, and includes the\nprovision of information, writing\nsubmissions, representation before\nmandatory institutions as well as\nrepresentation in the court when\napplicable.\n\n\n\n8 U N H C R > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION, RISK MITIGATION AND RESPONSE IN EUROPE\n\n# RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WAY FORWARD\n\n\n\nTo further strengthen prevention, response\nand risk mitigation on gender-based\nviolence in Europe, UNHCR encourages\nStates, service providers and other\nstakeholders to:\n\n\n**1. Collect and analyze disaggregated**\n**data** relating to incidents of GBV against\nrefugees and asylum-seekers, including\ngender-related persecution within asylum\nsystems, to better inform programming,\nservices and safeguards within asylum\nsystems for GBV survivors.\n\n\n**2.** **Regularly assess and enhance the**\n**safety of reception facilities and other**\n**collective accommodation hosting**\n**asylum-seekers and refugees.** GBV safety\nassessments can help to understand and\nmitigate the risks of gender-based\nviolence in particular locations and to\ndesign mitigation measures.\n\n\n**3. Enable effective access to national**\n**systems of prevention and response** for\nasylum-seekers, refugees and stateless\npersons - including male and LGBTIQ+\nsurvivors - and address practical barriers\nto such access (such as the lack of\ninformation and interpreters, confidence in\nnational systems, fear of retaliation,\nknowledge, awareness and attitudes of\nreception staff and service providers, and\ntransportation costs).\n\n\n**4. Ensure information provision on rights**\n**and services available to survivors of**\n**GBV** through multiple channels - including\nonline platforms, social media channels,\nleaflets, posters, videos and outreach \u2013 in\nlanguages and formats which can be\nunderstood.\n\n\n\n**5. Consult asylum-seekers and refugees**\nregarding the risks the face in relation to\nGBV and how to effectively mitigate and\nrespond to these. Refugee-led\norganisations, including women-led\norganisations, and national LGBTIQ+\norganisations can contribute to and\nsupport such efforts.\n\n\n**6. Integrate procedural and evidentiary**\n**safeguards within asylum systems** for\nGBV survivors; with reference to Chapter\n[VII of the Istanbul Convention on](https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008482e)\n[preventing and combating violence](https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008482e)\n[against women and domestic violence,](https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008482e)\n[and the UNHCR Procedural Standards for](https://www.refworld.org/rsdproceduralstandards.html#:~:text=UNHCR%20has%20published%20a%20revised%20and%20updated%202020,UNHCR%20RSD%20procedures%2C%20including%20for%20reception%20and%20registration.)\n[Refugee Status Determination and](https://www.refworld.org/rsdproceduralstandards.html#:~:text=UNHCR%20has%20published%20a%20revised%20and%20updated%202020,UNHCR%20RSD%20procedures%2C%20including%20for%20reception%20and%20registration.)\n[Guidelines on Gender-Related](https://www.unhcr.org/3d58ddef4.pdf)\n[Persecution.](https://www.unhcr.org/3d58ddef4.pdf)\n\n\n**7. Integrate GBV considerations into**\n**broader systems of identification and**\n**referral for persons with specific needs** to\nfacilitate safe and identification and\nreferral to appropriate services.\n\n\n**8. Build the knowledge and capacity of**\n**frontline staff** working with asylumseekers and refugees, as well as refugeeled organisations and women-led\norganisations, to prevent and respond to\ngender-based violence through\n\n\n\nU N H C R > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 9\n\n**[Please see 2020 UNHCR Policy Prevention of Risk Mitigation and Response to Gender-based Violence.](https://www.unhcr.org/5fa018914.pdf)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70795cff-6581-385e-bf45-d33ea3fa8804/GBV%20prevention%20mitigation%20and%20response%20in%20Europe%20%28external%20report%29%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_412/raw/doc_412_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_412/raw/doc_412_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bae88096ba22e3f2b97a264a29faab8102ba36ba..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_412/raw/doc_412_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,497 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS)** **Annual Report 2015**\n\n## **Background**\n\nThis report provides information on incidents of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) reported by SGBV survivors in Jordan\nduring 2015. The information is provided by humanitarian agencies working to prevent and to respond to SGBV through\nawareness-raising and other prevention activities, and through the provision of case management services, and which together\nconstitute the GBVIMS Task Force. Members of the GBVIMS Task Force include the Institute for Family Health/Noor Hussein\nFoundation (IFH/NHF), International Rescue Committee (IRC), International Medical Corps (IMC), Jordan River Foundation (JRF),\nUnited Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR). GBVIMS data is currently being gathered in Amman Governorate, Zarqa Governorate (including Azraq\nCamp and Emirati Jordanian Camp), Mafraq Governorate (including Za\u2019atari Camp), Irbid Governorate (including Cyber City and\nKing Abdullah Park), Balqa Governorate, Jerash Governorate, Ajloun governorate, and in the South of Jordan (including Aqaba,\nTafilah, Karak, and Ma\u2019an).\n\nThe Task Force is responsible for gathering, maintaining and analyzing data related to SGBV, and for ensuring the security and\nprotection of sensitive data concerning SGBV. Using an inter-agency GBVIMS electronic tool, the Task Force maintains data\nconcerning the type of violence committed; the profile of survivors and perpetrators of SGBV; the context in which SGBV\nincidents were committed, and the responses and services provided to SGBV survivors. [1] The consolidated data presented in\nthis report relates exclusively to reported incidents, and cannot be considered representative of the total incidence or\nprevalence of SGBV in Jordan; due to the limitations inherent in the identification and reporting of SGBV information, this must\nbe noted in any use of the data authorized by the GBVIMS Task Force. The present report provides data and analysis concerning\nSGBV incidents and responses by GBVIMS Task Force members in Jordan between 1st January and 31st December 2015.\n\n## **2015 Operational Context**\n\n\nIn 2015, the Syria crisis entered its fifth year. In Jordan, due to continuing security threats on its borders with Syria and Iraq\nand exhaustion of national resources available to support refugees, protection space for refugees in Jordan contracted over\nthe course of the year. By the end of 2015, the total number of Syrian refugees in Jordan was 634,064 individuals, a figure\nequivalent to approximately one tenth of Jordan\u2019s population prior to the conflict. The Government repeatedly highlighted the\nimpact of hosting such a large number of refugees \u2013 the official estimate is 1.4 million Syrians in Jordan \u2013 on the infrastructure\nand economy on the country.\n\nWhile new arrivals in Jordan continued in 2015, stringent border controls contributed to relatively low numbers of refugees\nentering the country: during the year, some 16,000 new Syrian refugees were admitted to the country, where like other\nrefugees they face encampment and restrictions on movement, obstacles to legal employment, and challenges accessing\nessential humanitarian assistance including food and medical care. In addition, over 50,000 Iraqi refugees have sought asylum\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9969059824943542, - "start": 3, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "information on incidents of sexual and gender-based violence", - "confidence": 0.514779269695282, - "start": 30, - "end": 38 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7156946063041687, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9965413212776184, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS Task Force", - "confidence": 0.7791479825973511, - "start": 86, - "end": 89 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9047272801399231, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9956527948379517, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9702437520027161, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "SGBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.9793117046356201, - "start": 43, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.5808067917823792, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n\nin Jordan, along with significant numbers of Somalis and Sudanese. [2] The 2015 Vulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF)\nBaseline Survey found high levels of economic vulnerability, with 86% of Syrian refugee households identified as living under\nthe poverty line of USD 98 per person per month. Their financial resources depleted, many families now increasingly turn to\nnegative coping mechanisms such as exploitative labor, school dropout of children and child labor, and early marriage. While\nthese coping mechanisms may help meet a family\u2019s immediate subsistence needs, they often do so at the cost of increased\nexposure to exploitation or human rights violations, and limitation of future opportunities and prospects. At the close of 2015,\ndespite a reduction in violence in Syria brought by a partial cessation of hostilities, opportunities for voluntary repatriation\nremain only a future hope. While resettlement opportunities were significantly expanded (with 24,374 refugees submitted to\nresettlement countries during the year), the vast majority of refugees remains in Jordan without foreseeable prospects for a\ndurable solution.\n\n## **Types of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence**\n\nThe GBVIMS categorizes the various forms of SGBV into six major types: forced marriage; psychological/emotional abuse;\nphysical assault; denial of resources; sexual assault, and rape. The patterns of types of GBV as per the analyzed GBVIMS data\nremain more or less consistent in 2014 and 2015. During 2015 more than half of survivors (54.8 %) reporting SGBV incidents to\ndata gathering agencies experienced psychological/emotional abuse (28%) and physical assault (26.8%), while 32.7% reported\nforced marriage (including early marriage).\n\n\ni) **Sexual assault and rape** is the most severe form of SGBV and may lead to serious life-threatening consequences,\nincluding death. Sexual assault and rape are often the most difficult forms of violence to be reported. Comparing the\nGBVIMS of 2014 and 2015 there is an observed pattern of decrease in the reporting of rape and sexual assault. During\n2015, a total of 5.9% of survivors reported sexual assault (3.6%) and rape (2.3%) whereas, during 2014, a total of 8.4%\nof the survivors reported sexual assault (4.8%) and rape (3.6%). In Jordan, there remain many recognized barriers to\nreporting rape as a form of SGBV. Generally, health care is the primary entry and identification point for the survivors\nof sexual assault and rape. The reluctance of the SGBV survivor to seek services may be related to the mandatory\nreporting requirement that compel service providers to report these cases to the national authorities. On the other\nhand, the development of a national protocol for the clinical management of rape in Jordan, presently underway, will\nfacilitate the provision of services to the survivors of SGBV as per international standards.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2015 Vulnerability Assessment Framework", - "confidence": 0.8827093243598938, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Baseline Survey", - "confidence": 0.7404869794845581, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.9946863651275635, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8790169358253479, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.999896764755249, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7916343212127686, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9863888621330261, - "start": 38, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9674129486083984, - "start": 251, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6267121434211731, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6664606332778931, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.87026047706604, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9005541801452637, - "start": 269, - "end": 270 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9788159132003784, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of rape and sexual assault", - "confidence": 0.9773430824279785, - "start": 376, - "end": 382 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8061317205429077, - "start": 446, - "end": 447 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9565993547439575, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9952667951583862, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9488507509231567, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n\nii) **Domestic violence, including psychological or emotional abuse and physical assault** continues to be the main form of\nSGBV reported by survivors, in line with GBVIMS data of 2014. The negative effects of domestic violence include serious\nsocial, psychological and health problems that could ultimately lead to the death of survivors. The below graphic shows\nthe percentage of incidents of physical assault and emotional abuse perpetrated by family members at survivors\u2019 or\nperpetrators\u2019 home disaggregated by age and sex in 2015. It is evident that women (85%) and girls (8%) continue to be\nthe key victims of domestic violence, however, men and boys also reported domestic violence during the year: nearly\n7% of domestic violence incidents reported were against men and boys. The SGBV SWG will continue supporting national\ninstitutions and humanitarian actors to ensure that the service delivery contributes to prevention of SGBV including\nthose happening in the domestic environment where the majority of disclosed incidents are reported.\n\n\n_**iii)**_ **Early Marriage:** According to GBVIMS standard classification, incidents of early marriage are classified under the\ncategory \u201cforced marriage\u201d. _Early marriage_ may be considered an accepted practice in some Syrian communities and\ntherefore is either not considered as a form of violence by the affected population, or it does not always carry the same\nlevel of stigma as other types of SGBV. For these reasons, incidents are relatively easily disclosed by survivors through\nsafe spaces, registration, referral, outreach and protection monitoring. The GBVIMS data continues to suggest that\nsurvivors of early marriage may be at risk of other types of SGBV. The graph below shows the other types of SGBV\nreported by married children under the age of 18 in 2015, in addition to the forced marriage. During the reporting\nperiod, 4% reported physical assault (the most commonly experienced form of SGBV), while 2.5% reported\npsychosocial/emotional abuse and 1.3% reported denial of resources. The pattern remained more or less consistent in\n2014 and 2015. The prolonged nature of the Syrian crisis and increasing social and financial insecurity can exacerbate\npressures on families to adopt early marriage as a negative coping mechanism. The SGBV Sub-Working Group (SGBV\nSWG) conducted an assessment to identify capacity gaps for caseworkers who are in direct contact with survivors of\nearly marriage. According to the assessment results, one of the biggest challenges faced by the caseworkers seeking to\nreduce or to respond to early marriage is how to intervene effectively in a _private_ sphere issue that has broad cultural\nacceptance. In order to address this gap, the SGBV SWG aims to continuously strengthen the skills of SGBV service\nproviders, and in particular caseworkers, to respond to incidents of early marriage and to the associated risks and forms\nof SGBV.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9652772545814514, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9955748319625854, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5798656344413757, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS standard classification", - "confidence": 0.720255434513092, - "start": 203, - "end": 206 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "incidents of early marriage", - "confidence": 0.7082575559616089, - "start": 207, - "end": 211 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syrian communities", - "confidence": 0.5789918899536133, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9265081882476807, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "married children under the age of 18", - "confidence": 0.8571467399597168, - "start": 322, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.7687531113624573, - "start": 291, - "end": 293 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9380801320075989, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "married children under the age of 18", - "confidence": 0.9586303234100342, - "start": 322, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV", - "confidence": 0.8557685017585754, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "SGBV Sub-Working Group", - "confidence": 0.6467514634132385, - "start": 420, - "end": 423 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9041062593460083, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "married children under the age of 18", - "confidence": 0.8672330975532532, - "start": 322, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n## **Access to Services** **Health**\n\n\nSurvivors of SGBV suffer significant sexual and reproductive health consequences including forced and unwanted pregnancies;\nunsafe abortions and resulting death; higher risks of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV, and other\nconsequences. [3] Understanding the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to address SGBV, partner organizations supporting\ncomprehensive facilities to ensure that women not only have a safe space but can also access vital health services and\ninformation in its proximity. Following this approach, the agencies providing SGBV services expanded the provisions of health\nservices to Syrian refugees and host communities in Jordan. During the reporting period, a total of 7 clinics providing health\nservices (mobile as well as static) were added in camps and host communities. As an outcome of these interventions, an\nincrease in the number of survivors accessing health services prior to reporting incidents has been observed in the GBVIMS\ndata, from 9.6% in 2014 to 15.5% in 2015. Similarly, the percentage of clients who declined a referral to health services\ndecreased from 53.6% in 2014 to 28.5% in 2015, while the percentage of survivors referred increased from 16.7% in 2014 to\n32.9% in 2015.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9397916197776794, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8936737179756165, - "start": 118, - "end": 119 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8881127834320068, - "start": 190, - "end": 191 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9955520033836365, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Survivors", - "confidence": 0.652199387550354, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n## **Livelihoods Support**\n\n\nLivelihoods and SGBV share a complex relationship. The lack of livelihood opportunities in a humanitarian emergency can\ncompound the social disruption and frustration faced by refugees, including through increasing pressure in the family and\nheightening risks of domestic violence. Survivors of SGBV may be unwilling or afraid to report the violence they have faced\ndue to a fear of losing access to essential support for their basic needs, or they may enter, remain in or return to dangerous\nsituations in order to meet the basic needs of themselves and/or their children. Improvements in livelihoods opportunities\ncombined with empowering activities and risk-mitigation measures \u2013 including through cash-for-work projects, cash assistance,\nor training aimed to increase household income \u2013 can help to reduce SGBV incidents, and can provide a response to help\nsurvivors improve their situation and better recover from and avoid SGBV in the future. In 2015, an effort was made to direct\nan increased proportion of livelihood assistance to women and survivors of SGBV. This is seen to have had a substantial impact\non survivors\u2019 opportunities, as more survivors had access to improved livelihood opportunities as part of the response to SGBV.\nIn 2015, 55.1% of SGBV survivors were referred for livelihoods assistance or received livelihoods services from the organization\nproviding SGBV response, up 12% from 43.1% in 2014. The provision of livelihoods services to SGBV survivors was most notable\nin Za\u2019atari camp, where 86.8% of survivors were referred for livelihoods assistance during the year, with most receiving\nlivelihood assistance from the same organization that provided SGBV response, allowing an efficient and direct connection to\nbe made following identification of SGBV.\n\n## **Legal Services**\n\n\nUnder-reporting and access to justice continues to be a significant challenge in the effort to reduce SGBV and to eliminate\nimpunity for perpetrators of SGBV. Survivors are often afraid or unwilling to report SGBV due to lack of confidence in the justice\nmechanism, shame and fear of stigmatization within the community, or fear of retaliation. These obstacles, while typical for\nSGBV survivors in any context, are often much more substantial for refugees, whose precarious legal and social status can\nexacerbate their unwillingness to report SGBV, including to authorities. Despite efforts to increase access to legal support to\nsurvivors of SGBV in 2015, including through the provision of SGBV-specialist lawyers in the \u2018safe spaces\u2019 available to refugee\nwomen and children, the vast majority of survivors \u2013 73.5%\u2013 declined referrals to legal services that may have helped them to\npursue justice and remedies. Five percent of survivors received legal support from the same organization providing case\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n\nmanagement services, while an additional 17.8% accepted referrals to legal services. While this showed a degree of\nimprovement when comparing to 2014 referrals, reasons for failing to pursue legal action are complex and remain in place,\nincluding concerns about mandatory reporting of SGBV incidents. Concerted advocacy and strategy development are needed to\naddress this issue as an increase in the number and coverage areas of legal service providers alone is not a comprehensive and\nsufficient solution to questions of redress and ending impunity for perpetrators.\n\n## **Recommendations:**\n\n\n**i)** **Continue the development of national Clinical Management of Rape (CMR) protocols in Jordan:** The development\nof national unified protocols for the clinical management of rape in Jordan is at a fairly advanced stage. The\ndevelopment of the CMR protocols is based on best practices and examples from the region through collaboration\nwith humanitarian (UNICEF, UNHCR and UNFPA) and government actors. The SGBV-SWG and other actors providing\nSGBV services are set to work closely in the development, endorsement and roll-out of the national CMR protocols so\nthat access to multi-sectoral services for survivors of sexual assault and rape is timely, and provided in accordance\nwith internationally-agreed standards.\n\n**ii)** **SGBV-SWG to continue advocacy efforts for the abolishment of the Article 308.** As per the recent amendment of the\nArticle 308 in the Jordanian Penal Code, endorsed by the cabinet, there is no pardon for the perpetrator if he marries\nthe survivor. However, there are new provisions which allow for the pardon after marriage in case the relationship\nwas consensual, where the female is between 13-18 years of age. As there are still many gaps involving age of consent,\nand the understanding that survivors of violence should not be subject to continued trauma under the pretext of\nmarriage, there is a need for continued advocacy for the abolishing of Article 308 to address issues of impunity and\naccess to justice for survivors of sexual assault and rape.\n\n**iii)** **Increase availability of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and primary health care (PHC) services in**\n**association with women\u2019s centers/safe spaces,** either in the same physical space or through the same service\nprovider, to facilitate referral and increase reporting of SGBV. Such integration allows access for a larger number of\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SGBV SWG\n\n\nwomen, especially those who have limited physical mobility due to cultural norms and other associated challenges\nthat restrict movement. The comprehensive approach allows for more confidential and less stigmatizing service\ndelivery, as well as provision of immediate care needed to mitigate the health-related consequences of SGBV.\n\n**iv)** **Build capacity of service providers to better respond to early marriage** - At present an interagency project is being\nimplemented in Jordan to develop service providers\u2019 capacity to respond to SGBV, including early marriage, and\nimprove data management. As part of this project a capacity assessment [4] that was conducted in Jordan to identify the\nlearning needs of the service providers, SGBV service providers identified dealing with the survivors of early marriage\nas particularly challenging. In order to fill in this gap, a training module was designed focusing on two levels: the\nprevention of the early marriage and the provision of support to the married children. Such module is being integrated\nin the existing case management training. There is need to upscale this initiative based on the lessons learnt from this\nproject as well as continuous monitoring of the service providers to be better able to serve the survivors of early\nmarriage based on the new techniques learnt through this initiative.\n\n**v)** **Strengthen outreach activities and mobile service delivery** to ensure the most vulnerable and marginalized survivors\nhave access to SGBV response services, including survivors with limited mobility or access in both camps and urban\nsettings. Mobile health clinics, outreach activities with the involvement of refugee volunteers, awareness-raising\nthrough engagement of community leaders and innovative communication strategies such as interactive theatre and\nengaging men and boys as partners to prevent SGBV can contribute to reduce SGBV incidents, and improved responses\nto reported incidents.\n\n.\n\n\n1 _GBVIMS Task Force members have signed an Information Sharing Protocol to ensure confidentiality and to establish procedures for data_\n_sharing. To inform advocacy and programming decisions, data and reports are shared on a periodic basis, with pre-approved recipients only._\n_Sufficient explanation regarding the limitations of the data and the identified trends should be provided in all external communication_\n_documents, after permission is received from the contributing agencies All request for additional information/data to substantiate the trends_\n_[presented in this report must be directed to the GBVIMS coordinators: Douglas DiSalvo, UNHCR, disalvo@unhcr.org](mailto:disalvo@unhcr.org)_ _and Fatma Khan, UNFPA,_\n_[fkhan@unfpa.org.](mailto:fkhan@unfpa.org)_\n2 _As the refugees from nationalities other than Syria (Somalia, Sudan and Iraq) constitute a very small percentage (less than 3%) of the total_\n_reported incidents of SGBV in the GBVIMS, the report does not provide SGBV trends for these nationalities. However, these nationalities are_\n_included in the identified trends of the SGBV highlighted in the report._\n3 _UNFPA, 2015 Women and Girl\u2019s Safe Spaces: A guidance note based on the lessons learned from the Syrian crisis, available at_\n_[http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/woman%20space%20E.pdf](http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/woman%20space%20E.pdf)_ _._\n4 _The inter-agency team (UNFPA, UNHCR, and IRC) developed and endorsed a capacity development strategy (based on an assessment) that_\n_outlines the series of interventions to strengthen case workers capacity to provide quality survivor centered care especially to survivors of early_\n_marriage and those experiencing disabilities._\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "capacity assessment", - "confidence": 0.9726276397705078, - "start": 110, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9961052536964417, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "service providers", - "confidence": 0.5830742120742798, - "start": 63, - "end": 65 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ffbe0c3e-8114-31f0-84f7-93d36bf2c802/GBVIMS2015AnnualReport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_413/raw/doc_413_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_413/raw/doc_413_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7d567395597ff4bdc978b8d646791f2c2e27bcc3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_413/raw/doc_413_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "###### GBVIMS Taskforce in Jordan\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n\n##### **[Executive Summary]**\n### **1**\n\n\n\nThis report provides information on incidents of\nGender-Based Violence (GBV) reported by survivors in\nJordan during 2022. The information was gathered with\nthe consent of survivors who received psycho-social\nsupport (through the case management approach)\nvia seven organizations members of the Gender Based\nViolence Information Management System (GBV\nIMS) Taskforce. The GBV IMS Task Force [1] is the body\nresponsible for gathering, maintaining and analyzing\ndata related to GBV, along with ensuring the security\nand protection of sensitive data concerning GBV. The\nTask Force is also responsible for drafting reports and\nproviding strategic directions to GBV programmes\nbased on identified gaps and trends.\n\n\n\nIt is important to highlight that the data and trends noted\nin this report are not representative of the prevalence\nof GBV in Jordan (or among refugee populations) as\nthese trends are based solely on incidents reported by\nsurvivors to the Data Gathering Organizations (DGOs) [2]\nengaged in GBV response and using the GBV IMS in\n2022. It is accordingly not advisable to use these\nfindings as a proxy for the prevalence of GBV in any\nsettings or to use it in isolation to monitor the quality\nof programmatic interventions. Despite the above\nlimitations, the GBV IMS is considered the highest\nquality GBV incident data currently available to the\nhumanitarian actors, which can be used effectively\nfor trend analysis and improving coordination of GBV\nprevention and response.\n\n\n**After having an increase in the reported incidents**\n**in 2021, a decrease of 24.1% was reported in 2022.**\nThe lowered reported cases of GBV in general could\nbe attributed to multiple challenges and changes,\nsome internal to the agencies including prioritized\nprogramming and funding, and some externally that\ncould be related to the perception of the general\npopulation when it comes to reporting GBV. For example,\nmany organizations have faced cuts in their funding\nand staff within their agencies that led to lowered\ncapacity and load of cases per case manager and/or\n\n\n1 The Gender-Based Violence Information management system\n(GBVIMS) Task Force members have signed an Information Sharing\nProtocol that defines roles and responsibilities and data protection\nprocedures. The Taskforce is chaired by UNHCR and UNFPA with the\ntechnical support of UNICEF.\n2 INTERSOS, Jordanian Women Union (JWU), Noor Al Hussein\nFoundation (NHF), Jordan River Foundation (JRF), International Rescue\nCommittee (IRC), Arab Women Organization (AWO) and United\nNation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\n\n\n\nreduced prioritization of specialized programming or\nsupport such as cash assistance, livelihoods services\netc. On the other hand, a general trend is observed\nwhereby survivors are reporting directly to the Family\nProtection Department whose data is not included\nin this analysis; this is due to increased efforts of\nawareness year after year and for survivors\u2019 preference\nto seek specialized services directly rather than through\na case management agency. As members of the public\nwere repeatedly introduced to GBV services and\nreferring agencies, some became knowledgeable of the\nreferral pathway and thus preferred to refer themselves\ndirectly to the specialized agencies. Reasons for this\ncould be reduction in time from reporting to accessing\nspecialized service and/or reduced confidentiality\nconcerns. Other significant influencing factors\nobserved may be the increased activity and subsequent\nefficiency for local community based organizations to\nreach the general population in awareness raising and\nGBV case management. National agencies that are not\nincluded with the GBVIMS Task force are becoming\nmore interested and involved in implementing GBV\ncase management and are doing so without being\nincluded in this data, thus going unreported on an\ninteragency level.\n\n\n\nOn the other hand, as society adjusted to the recovery\nfrom the health, socioeconomic and psychological\nimpacts of COVID-19 closures, a shift in the types of\nreported GBV was observed with GBV service provision.\nDuring quarantine in the months following the outbreak\nof the COVID-19 virus, an increase in Intimate Partner\nViolence (IPV), domestic violence, denial of resources\nand technology-facilitated GBV was observed. As\npeople adjusted to life outside the home once again, the\naccessibility and use of social media and the internet\nwas reduced which could explain the lowered reported\ncases to have been perpetrated by strangers and taking\nplace in and through electronic mediums. Cases that are\ngrouped within the IPV classification increased by 2.8%\nin 2022 compared to the previous year. Many GBVIMS\ncollection agencies reported increased drug abuse\nthat may have facilitated GBV in the intimate partner\nviolence context. Higher socioeconomic pressures on\nfamily head of households was previously associated\nwith higher intimate partner and domestic violence in\nthe time following the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak\n\n- this continues to be observed post-quarantine; as\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022", - "confidence": 0.6733678579330444, - "start": 3, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8239737153053284, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force", - "confidence": 0.8499780297279358, - "start": 3, - "end": 8 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "JORDAN", - "confidence": 0.986935555934906, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9971631169319153, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9653723835945129, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.5426733493804932, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS", - "confidence": 0.9159806966781616, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9583259224891663, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9399687051773071, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IPV classification", - "confidence": 0.9325186014175415, - "start": 818, - "end": 820 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9097279906272888, - "start": 827, - "end": 828 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "family head of households", - "confidence": 0.5086686611175537, - "start": 858, - "end": 862 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 5\n\n\n\neconomic pressures and its connection to lowered\nmental health and stress can be a risk factor to increase\nexposure to violence [3] . Furthermore, cash assistance\nprogramming was reduced or restricted in 2022 for\nmany GBV service providers so it may have contributed\nto the overall reduced GBV case reporting as there is less\nof a motivation to report if little to no economic benefit\ncan be observed by women who perceive that cash\nassistance would be the solution for their protection\nconcerns. This also includes other barriers that may be\nlinked to this such as limited transportation allowances\nto reach the centers.\n\n\nAs a result of continuous programming in GBV\nprevention and response, the time between GBV\nincident and disclosure to case management agencies\nwas notably reduced as per the graph below, most\nsignificantly for the time from zero to three days and in\nthose reporting more than a month from incident date.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReducing the time between a gender-based violence\nincident and the reporting date brought about significant\npositive impacts. It increase the likelihood of holding\nperpetrators accountable and improve access to justice\nfor survivors. Prompt reporting enabled survivors\nto access vital support services swiftly, preserved\ncrucial evidence for investigations, and contributed to\npreventing future incidents. It also led to accurate data\ncollection, informing policy development and targeted\ninterventions. By encouraging survivors to come\nforward, it promoted empowerment and helped break\nthe silence surrounding gender-based violence. Overall,\nreducing the reporting time fostered a safer and more\nsupportive environment for survivors while reinforcing\nthe importance of addressing and preventing genderbased violence.\n\n\n3 The Borgen Project, \u2018Poverty and gender-based violence\u2019, https://\nborgenproject.org/poverty-and-gender-based-violence/ accessed 11th\nJuly 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n\n### **2**\n\n\n##### **Context**\n\n\n\nTwelve years into the Syrian crisis, refugees remain in\nexile as their country continues to face a protracted\nconflict and an overwhelming humanitarian crisis.\nThe suspension of registration for persons who\nentered Jordan on a specific visa modality, which was\nimplemented pursuant to the Cabinet decision on 23\nJanuary 2019, remains in force. Advocacy with the\nGovernment is ongoing to find the most appropriate\nregistration and verification processes for individuals\naffected by this decision. As of 31 Jan 2023, the total\nnumber of Syrian refugees who returned to their\ncountry of origin since 15 Oct 2018 is 48,118.\n\n\n\nAs of December 2022, the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recorded\n660,892 registered Syrian refugees in Jordan, a number\nthat has remained consistent over the past five years,\nmainly due to the increased entry restrictions into the\nKingdom. Among the Syrian refugee population 26.10%\nare women, 24.64% are men, 24.04 % are girls and\n25.22% are boys. Women and girls represent half of\nthe refugee population (50.14%). Around 79.6% Syrian\nregistered refugees live outside the camps, primarily\nconcentrated in urban and rural areas in the northern\ngovernorates of Jordan, with lesser populations in the\nsouthern governorates. The remaining Syrian refugees\nlive in camps, mainly in Zaatari Camp (82,735, Azraq\nCamp (44,805 and the Emirati Jordanian Camp\n(6,735). Jordan also hosts refugee populations from\nother countries: the total number of Yemenis registered\nwith UNHCR is 12,751, and they are to be added to the\nmultiple other refugee populations that Jordan hosts,\nincluding 62,132 Iraqis, as well as more than 7,206 from\nSudan, Somalia, and other countries.\n\n\nThe prolonged displacement is impacting severely\non women and girls in Jordan, increasing GBV risks\nand exposure for refugee and host community, with\nincreased demands on services. Since the beginning of\nthe Syria crisis, coordination of GBV service has been\nmultifaceted to meet identified needs of vulnerable\nwomen and girls, promoting common standards,\napproaches and mechanisms, and building national\ncapacity to respond.\n\n\nAccording to the data from the Department of Statistics\nin Jordan for the third quarter of 2022, unemployment\nrate has reached 20.5% for males compared to 33.1% for\nfemales, recording a decrease of 0.1 percentage points\n\n\n\ncompared to the same period of 2021, and recording\nan increase of 0.5 percentage points higher than the\n2nd quarter of 2022. While males\u2019 unemployment\nrate decreased by 0.7 percentage points, the females\u2019\nunemployment rate increased by 2.3 percentage points\ncompared to the 3rd quarter of 2021. Comparing the\nunemployment rate in the 3rd quarter of 2022 with the\nsecond quarter of 2022, it is noticed that the male\u2019s\nunemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage points\nwhile the females\u2019 unemployment rate increased by 3.7\npercentage points. The statistics reflect the impact of\npost COVID-19 on the economic situation of Jordan and\nthe labor market specifically regarding the resumption\nof schools, reduction of teleworking and economic\nchanges in Jordan.\n\n\nDespite the positive steps by the Government of Jordan\nto provide free work permits to Syrian refugees and the\nchange in the legal framework of Syrian-owned homebased businesses, the unemployment rate continues\nto increase disproportionately impacting women and\nyouth, and those working in the informal sector and/\nor in very poor conditions4. Challenges remain high for\nwomen to work in particular (only 5% of Syrian women\nhave work permits), namely due to social attitudes,\nlack of or limited access to childcare, type of jobs, etc.\nThe employment rate for the Vulnerability Assessment\nFramework (VAF) sample stands at 33% for Syrians and\n29% for non-Syrians. Gender was found to be a strong\npredictor of labor force participation and employment:\n12% of interviewed women participate in the labor\nforce, compared to 71% of men5. Although Jordan has\nbegun its recovery from the COVID-19 shock, higher\nglobal commodity prices led to an acceleration in\nheadline inflation and labor market conditions remain\nchallenging. Recent price increases are especially\naffecting the poorest households, and refugees remain\nmost affected, while for women employment and income\ngenerating opportunities continue to be governed by\nthe expectation of the society to fulfill their gender\nroles. Increasing women participation in labor force\nwas also prohibited by restrictions on their movement\nand social interaction under the pretext of protecting\nthem from sexual abuse and harassment, domestic\ncare burdens, and supporting children education due to\nschools\u2019 closure during the pandemic.\n\n\n4 https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/jordan-issues-recordnumber-work-permits-syrian-refugees\n5 Samuel Hall, UNHCR Jordan 2022. Vulnerability Assessment\nFramework: Population Survey for Refugees in Host Communities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.91251140832901, - "start": 590, - "end": 591 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9980441331863403, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5169042348861694, - "start": 539, - "end": 540 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6606963872909546, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment\nFramework", - "confidence": 0.9901618957519531, - "start": 725, - "end": 728 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.9757755994796753, - "start": 729, - "end": 730 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9405611157417297, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9203208088874817, - "start": 737, - "end": 738 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment\nFramework", - "confidence": 0.9716320633888245, - "start": 902, - "end": 905 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Population Survey for Refugees in Host Communities", - "confidence": 0.5190372467041016, - "start": 906, - "end": 913 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Population Survey", - "confidence": 0.7102097272872925, - "start": 906, - "end": 908 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Host Communities", - "confidence": 0.9186002612113953, - "start": 911, - "end": 913 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8963915705680847, - "start": 900, - "end": 901 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6050793528556824, - "start": 900, - "end": 901 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9940504431724548, - "start": 909, - "end": 910 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Main trends**\n### **3**\n\n**Women and girls continue to make up the bulk (94%)**\n**of all reported cases**\nWomen and girls remain the highest reporting\ndemographic for gender based violence at 94% of\nall reported cases for the year of 2022, due to many\nsocioeconomic, community and accessibility reasons.\nFirstly, there continues to exist a power imbalance\nbetween men and women which puts females in\na vulnerable position if they are to be subjected to\nvarious forms of violence such as rape, sexual abuse,\nharassment, and denial of resources. They are more\nlikely than males to find themselves helpless in the\nface of violence and not able to seek support or refuge\ndue to stigma and legitimate fear of being abandoned\nby friends and family alike if they choose to leave the\nabuser or fight for their rights. This leaves women more\nsusceptible to recurring abuse and thus feeling helpless\nto get out of the violent situation. Women may also be\nthreatened by perpetrators to be subject to cybercrime,\nphysical violence, retaliation from family members, and\neven honor killing if the perpetrator was to suspect that\nhe may be reported.\n\n\nFrom another perspective, even in cases where threat\nof harm is of lower likelihood, the ability for women\nand girls to sustain themselves financially in order to\nseparate in a dignified manner and provide for their\nchildren is difficult to obtain. Barriers include lack of\nskills or education to enter or reenter the workforce,\ninability of family members to claim responsibility for\nliving arrangement or expenses of a survivor and her\nchildren and unavailability and limited capacity and\nenrollment of survivors into adequate shelters to name\na few. Thus many women, especially mothers, assess\nthat they are better off staying with the perpetrator\nand utilizing the available resources whilst trying to\nmitigate conflict, reduce contact and other means of\nsafety measures to protect herself and her children. It is\nimportant to note that the ability to financially depend\non oneself is not the only factor that limits women\nin abusive relationships from leaving perpetrators,\nthere remains a strong stigma placed on women who\nreport violence in a family or domestic setting and\nthis is a strong deterrent for leaving. The proximity\nof the perpetrator and recurring abuse has therefore\nincreased the overall numbers for women who report\ngender based violence - this becomes especially\nrelevant knowing that most cases reported are within a\ndomestic violence context.\n\n\n\n**Men and boys are underreported compared to**\n**previous years with a decrease of cases of male**\n**survivors from 5.52% to 4.25%**\nGBV cases by men and boys are underreported\ncompared to previous years with a decrease of cases\nof male survivors from 5.52% to 4.25%. Women and\ngirls remain the overwhelming majority of survivors\nreporting to GBV service providers due to the fact that\nmost programs prioritized targeting women and girls\ngiven the decreased funding and the fact that they\nremain disproportionately affected. However, efforts to\nengage men and boys with some of the GBV providers\nare noted, for example GBV prevention and group male\nawareness sessions. Barriers such as fear of stigma,\nphysical or sexual violence and lack of awareness on\nGBV and services available remain persistent. Other\nreasons for lower reported cases from male survivors\nmay be the reduction in reported sexual violence cases\nthat took place in previous years in the country of origin,\nduring internal displacement or security detention (as\nit was the case for last years\u2019 men and boys reported\nincidents).\n\n\n**Decrease in Adolescent girls reporting GBV including**\n**reported child marriage incidents, especially for age**\n**groups 12 to 17 years**\nReported child marriage cases have decreased in\nthe year 2022, in comparison to previous years while\na significant reduction in overall cases of children\nreporting that are between ages twelve to seventeen;\nmore specifically, falling from 8.5% of overall reported\ncases to 6.4%. This apparent decrease in overall cases\nhas garnered a few possible explanations ranging from\nan increase in overall awareness of the harmful effects\nof child marriage as a result of heightened campaigns\n\n\n\n**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 7\n\n\n**Reported incidents by Age & Gender**\n\n\n\n**Men**\n\n\n\n**Boys**\n\n\n\n**Men**\n\n\n\n**Boys**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**89.8%**\n\n\n\n**88.6%**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n\nand targeted interventions for family engagement\nprograms, to reduced ability at the GBV service\nproviders level to reach adolescent girls due to their\ninvolvement in schools. To reference earlier GBVIMS\nreports, a very significant increase in child marriage\ncases was observed during COVID-19 closures that\nwas attributed to the higher socioeconomic demands\nexperienced by families during quarantine, job layoffs\nand the failure of some to adopt the online and televised\nmodality of education [6] . However, it is hypothesized that\nas these factors became no longer applicable to the\nlives of young girls, subsequently child marriage cases\nhave reduced.\nThis finding also appears to correlate with national\nreports of decreased child marriage cases [7] . Despite\nthe reduced numbers of adolescent girls reporting GBV,\nmembers of the Task Force continued programming\nthat included vocational training, group psychosocial\nsupport sessions, GBV awareness sessions for males\nand families, as well as group family interventions.\n\n\n**a. Types of Sexual and Gender**\n**Based Violence**\n\n\n**Sex/age and GBV type**\n\n\n\n**Rape**\n\n\n**Sexual Assult**\n\n\n**Denial of resources,**\n**opportunities of services**\n\n\n**Forced Marriage**\n\n\n**Physical Assault**\n\n\n**Psychological/Emotional**\n\n**Abuse**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDespite the constant efforts of GBV service providers\nto raise awareness about sexual abuse and confidential\nservices and building the capacity of community-based\norganizations, volunteers and non-GBV specialists on\nGBV safe referral and PSEA, reporting sexual assault\nremains low and has slightly decreased (6% compared\nto 8% in 2021) and reports of sexual violence cases\ndecreased overall by 40%. The stigma associated with\nseeking help and fear of mandatory reporting being\napplied, constitute a major barrier for survivors\u2019 ability\nto come forward, coupled with the risk of retaliation for\nreporting by known perpetrators, safety concerns and\nin severe cases, and even honor killing.\n\n\n**Reported Rape cases were significantly reduced by**\n**1% from year 2021 to 2022**\nFor reported cases of rape, a continued reduction in\ncases continues to be seen with a 1% overall decrease\nin cases in comparison to the previous year. To explain\nthis trend, in addition to the factors mentioned\nabove which inhibit and stigmatize reporting, service\nproviders noted the influence of barriers to disseminate\nawareness information on rape, lack of awareness,\nfears and enforcement of laws involving mandatory\nreporting of rape cases within GBV service provision\nand/or partners and/or other service sectors such as\nhealth and legal services. This could be amplified by\nfears of security or police actors acting on their behalf\nand possibly increasing the likelihood of retaliation\nand other safety concerns linked to the perpetrator\nand community. Rape within the intimate partner\nviolence context, which most of the time takes place in\nmarried unions (marital rape), continues to be severely\nunderreported as it is not acknowledged by law or\npractice in formal and informal settings by providers\nand general public alike as a valid form of abuse. As\nreported in some countires, approximately 8 out of 10\nrape cases occur by known perpetrators to the survivor [8] .\n\n\n**Intimate partner violence reported cases has**\n**increased** **by** **2.8%**\nSpeaking to the context of violence within intimate\npartners, this year\u2019s report showed an increase in IPV\ncases by 2.8%. The presence of perpetrators within\nthe home appears to have increased the opportunity\nfor violence to take place and this may be attributed\nto the high percentage of unemployment seen after\nCOVID as various market sectors struggle to replenish\nand recover economically from COVID 19 closures\nand implications. This, coupled with the psychological\nstress likely experienced by all members of the family\nas a result of economic needs leading to unmet basic\nneeds such as food, adequate shelter and utilities, may\nhave exacerbated the prevalence of violence. According\nto the World Bank, More than 1 in 4 women (26%) aged\n15 years and older have suffered violence at the hands\nof their partners at least once since the age of 15 [9] .\n\n\n8 https://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-violence\n9 https://genderdata.worldbank.org/data-stories/overview-of-gender\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**10** **20** **30** **40** **50** **60** **70** **80** **90** **100**\n\n\n**Men** **Boys** **Women** **Girls**\n\n\n**Reported Sexual violence cases decreased by 40%**\n**with reported cases going from 8% to 6% of all cases**\nOne of the most intriguing findings in the reported\nyear of 2022 pertains to the overall reported cases of\nsexual violence. While sexual assault constitutes some\nof the most severe forms of GBV with life-threatening\nconsequences, yet they are the most under-reported\nforms of violence.\n\n\n6 Child Marriage in the context of COVID 19 - Analysis of trends,\nprogramming and alternative approaches in the Middle East and\nNorth Africa, UNICEF-UNFPA, 2021 https://www.unicef.org/\nmena/media/11956/file/Child%20Marriage%20in%20the%20\ncontext%20of%20COVID-19-%20MENA%20Regional%20\nAnalysis_High%20Res%20(1).pdf.pdf\n7 https://www.jordannews.jo/Section-109/News/Jordan-witnesseddecline-in-registered-child-marriages-in-2022-27783\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022", - "confidence": 0.6457339525222778, - "start": 3, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.848249077796936, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "JORDAN", - "confidence": 0.9673713445663452, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9960379600524902, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5079309344291687, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescent girls", - "confidence": 0.6328122019767761, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS\nreports", - "confidence": 0.8184239864349365, - "start": 44, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescent girls", - "confidence": 0.6292880177497864, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports of sexual violence cases", - "confidence": 0.946994960308075, - "start": 314, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8271589875221252, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Intimate partner violence reported cases", - "confidence": 0.5690203905105591, - "start": 609, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5102916955947876, - "start": 649, - "end": 650 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "this year", - "confidence": 0.7946785688400269, - "start": 645, - "end": 647 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reported Sexual violence cases", - "confidence": 0.5608780980110168, - "start": 872, - "end": 876 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7812145352363586, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported cases of\nsexual violence", - "confidence": 0.7381837368011475, - "start": 915, - "end": 920 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Middle East and\nNorth Africa", - "confidence": 0.6157070398330688, - "start": 967, - "end": 972 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.546739399433136, - "start": 975, - "end": 976 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9680883884429932, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 9\n\n\n\nAlthough not measured quantitatively through the\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n\n**% of GBV survivors with disabilities**\n\n\n\n**Physical**\n\n\n\n**Mental**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Physical disability** **Mental disability** **No disability**\n\n\n**c. Service Provision**\n\n\nThis year, an increased number and percentage of cases\nwas noticed for cases seeking help who were selfreferred, meaning the survivor approached the case\nmanagement agency directly. This could be explained\nby the increase in initiatives that focus on outreach\nand dissemination of information on hotlines and other\nchannels to seek help either in person or through virtual\ncase management.\n\n\nReferrals from the **police and community** leaders have\nalso increased this year, which could be correlated\nwith increased collaboration and coordination efforts\nbetween the government and NGO service providers,\nreflecting also an increased level of trust in the quality\nof services provided by these organizations.\n\n\nThe strong decrease in numbers of referrals from the\n**shelter sector** may be explained due to restricted\nadmission criteria. Admission is done through the\ngovernment and causes reluctance by the survivor\nand rather prefer alternative options such as extended\nfamily members or cash for shelter for relocation\npurposes.\n\n\nReported iIncidents that have taken place in **schools**\nhave doubled in number from 2021 to 2022 due to\nimplementation of specific tailored programs and\nincreased awareness sessions regarding services\ntargeting governmental schools which, coupled with\nthe 2022 reinstatement of classes in full capacity\nrather than online, allowed for an increased number of\nreferrals.\n\n\nAnother observation is the decreased referrals from\nother **non-specialized actors** (legal, health, PSS)\ndespite continuous capacity building programmes on\nGBV Safe Referrals for such groups. On another note,\norganizations introduced a \u201cone stop shop\u201d approach\nfor many services such as psychosocial support\nand legal with the exception of cash (health, legal,\nlivelihood), meaning that these services are provided\nin the same organization and/or place. There is an\nincrease of these services being provided directly by\n\n\n\nthe GBV case management providers which resulted\nin the decrease of referrals from other non-specialized\nactors.\n\n\nRegarding **livelihood**, it continues to reflect the largest\ngap in services availability and services declined. It is\nnoted that criteria for entry into livelihood programs\nare difficult, such as restricted intake dates throughout\nthe year, length of waiting period and lack of coherent\nconditions applied for all. Some survivors declined\nbeing enrolled in any livelihood services for fear of\nreduction or cancellation of the cash assistance as\nof the entry. Over time, people and service providers\navoided referring to livelihood services due to mistrust\nin the ability to provide support to survivors and as\nthe quality of training was not regarded positively.\nAround 12% of survivors in need received the services\neither directly or referred to another agency and 35 %\ndeclined referral. The finding on increased use of cash\nbased interventions is also in line with the previous\nobservations, as women were asking for cash assistance\ninstead of being enrolled in livelihood programs to\nsecure long-term **cash assistance** from UNHCR or\nother agencies. Members of the DGOs have expressed\nan increased need for transformative approaches to be\napplied in women awareness programs to shift thinking\ntowards empowerment of women and to link cash\ninterventions to livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nCash-based interventions were found to be less readily\navailable in comparison to the year 2021, with a\ndecrease of 2% and referrals were reduced by 4%.\nThis could be explained by lowered funding as\nprevious COVID-19 restrictions and conditions invited\nmore donor support.Moreover, a shift is noted as\ncash assistance is being integrated less within the\ncase management agencies to avoid establishing a\npattern and many organizations are shifting towards\nmore sustainable economic empowerment initiatives\nto support the autonomy and long term assistance of\nfamilies in need.\n\n**Legal assistance** and **security services** remain some\nof the most sensitive areas of service provision, as the\nmajority of survivors decline referrals; similar to last\nyear they remain amongst the highest declined across\nall services where survivors have expressed fears of\nretaliation if seeking security services, as well as fear of\nstigma due to lack of confidentiality and lack of survivorcentered approach within law enforcement actors\n(victim-blaming, perpetrators asked to sign pledges\ninstead of serving jail terms). Yet women declined most\nof the legal services due to the mandatory reporting\nand fear of mediation with the perpetrators. Moreover,\nlegal procedures and services require lengthy periods\nas well as high costs which cannot not be affordable\nfor the survivors. Despite that, this year there was\nan increased percentage of received legal assistance\nand safety and security services \u2013 this was due to\nimproved coordination between some of the DGOs and\norganizations providing such services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 11\n\n\n\n**Service Provision**\n\n\n\n**Service received** **Referred**\n\n\n\n**Declined** **Unavailable**\n\n\n\n**2021** **2022**\n\n\n\n**Health / Medical Services**\n\n\n**Legal Assistance Services**\n\n\n**Safety Security Services**\n\n\n**Livehoods Services**\n\n\n**Psychosocial Services**\n\n\n**Cash Assistance Services**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n##### **Thematic Focus**\n### **4**\n\n\n\n**a. Time between incident and reporting date**\n**continues to decrease. Time between incident and**\n**interview date decreased 3% for reporting more than**\n**a month after the incident, with self-referral rates**\n**increasing** Building on the significant work of the GBV\nproviders in Jordan and partners, an observed trend\nof decreased time between GBV incident date and\nreporting was evident (3% less than 2021). This finding\npoints to a few possible positive trends that are a result\nof increased awareness, coordination with local actors\nand outreach efforts in the dissemination of knowledge\nabout access to GBV services. In addition, it indicates\nan increase of trust between survivors and providers\nwhich encourages people to disclose incidents of GBV\nearlier, as well as a reduction of barriers to access.\nMore people from the community are able to locate a\nGBV case management service provider and they are\nalso able to do so independently (without the need to\nundergo the case management process) through direct\nself-referral to specialized service providers such as\nhealth, cash assistance, legal, shelter etc. To supplement\nthis finding, an increased number of survivors claiming\nthat they were able to refer themselves independently\nand/or are self-referred was seen in the year 2022. It\ncan also be argued that the continued use of hotlines\nand phone and internet based services after COVID19\nhas also reduced previously existing barriers for access\nsuch as socioeconomic challenges in transportation\nand time and money involved in child care among\nother arrangements [12] . Moreover, establishing programs\nand services led by community based organizations\nhas had a positive impact on trust building with the\nlocal community and increased awareness of services\nwhich could have contributed to the decreased time for\nreaching a GBV service provider after an incident.\n\n\n12 Not Just Hotlines and Mobile Phones: Gender-based violence service\nprovision during COVID-19, UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/\ndocuments/gender-based-violence-service-provision-during-covid-19\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**b. Positive trends of referrals from police, other Non-**\n**governmental organizations and Community Based**\n**Organizations while referral to legal and livelihood**\n**remains least utilized**\nIn addition to the collaborative efforts by local\ncommunity based organizations that have aided the\naccess and disclosure for GBV survivors, this year a\nsignificant increase in the referrals from police actors\nwas noted. This could be the result of direct efforts by\nGBV service providers and police actors themselves\nto increase capacity and participate in coordination\nmeetings and training on GBV service provision and\nrelated common areas of practice. A number of safe\nreferral trainings were conducted by UNFPA and\nUNHCR with the participation of several police actors,\nfocusing in particular on trauma informed response\nto GBV disclosures and knowing how to safely and\neffectively respond and refer. Additionally, awareness\nsessions with police and Ministry of Defence personnel\nwere also conducted this year related to GBV and\nreferrals. There were also strategic coordination efforts\nto include survivors referred from police and security\nactors who are migrant workers and human trafficking\nvictims. Legal services were also noted as an area that\npromoted referral from security and police actors as\nGBV service providers offer those services for free.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022** 13\n\n##### **Recommendations**\n### **5**\n\n\n**Main Finding** **Recommendation**\n\n\n\n\u201cOne stop shop\u201d approach may be preferred\nby survivors; where an increased amount of\naccepted internal referrals continues to be seen\n\n\nMajority of survivors reached services more\nthan one month after the incident despite the\ndecreased time in seeking help\n\n\nReported GBV incidents by girls have decreased\ncompared to the previous years\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some of the\nmost severe forms of GBV with life-threatening\nconsequences, yet they are the most underreported forms of violence.\n\n\n\nStrategic planning with partners and local government actors\non how to apply \u201cone stop shop\u201d approach and how current\nSOPs could be adapted in response to this. A capacity gap\nassessment can also be conducted to verify gaps that need to\nbe addressed to reach this goal.\n\n\n- A study is needed on the obstacles to seek help and delay in\nseeking help.\n\n- Continue promoting innovative community-based approaches\nto disseminate information on availability of compassionate\nand confidential GBV case management services and clinical\nmanagement of rape services.\n\n- One stop shop with integrated services with GBV case\nmanagement might be considered as a more effective strategy\nto increase chances of successful referral and trends for self\nreferrals\n\n\nWork with Disability inclusion organization to increase\noutreach and build capacity of GBV providers to deal with\nsurvivors with disabilities in particular mental disability.\n\n\n- Developing innovative approaches to reach adolescent girls\nand married young women and facilitate their access to GBV\nservices.\n\n- Foster collaboration and promote joint initiatives and safe\nreferrals with education and Child Protection actors to mitigate\nthe risks of GBV against children including adolescent girls/\nboys and in particular against Child marriage and sexual abuse\nand exploitation. This can be established through partnerships\nwith integrating focal points from specialized GBV service\nproviders to increase accessibility to case management\nservices and therefore increase the reflected numbers in\nGBVIMS. Planning is in place to organize a workshop in 2023\nto clarify GBV pathways for non-GBV actors and CP actors.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14 **JORDAN GBV IMS Task Force Annual Report 2022**\n\n\n**Main Finding** **Recommendation**\n\n\n\nOnly 1.5% of incidents reported were by\nsurvivors with disabilities. In line with previous\nyears\u2019 trend, more people with physical\ndisability reported incidents compared to\npeople with mental disability.\n\n\nSexual assault and rape constitute some\nof the most severe forms of GBV with lifethreatening consequences, yet they are the\nmost under-reported forms of violence\n\n\nSecurity/Police remain amongst the highest\ndeclined across all services as survivors\nhave expressed fears of retaliation if seeking\npolice assistance as well as fear of stigma\ndue to lack of confidentiality and perceived\nlack of survivor-centered approach within\nlaw enforcement actors (victim-blaming,\nperpetrators asked to sign pledges instead of\nserving jail terms)\n\n\nLivelihoods continue to reflect the largest gap\nin service availability\n\n\nMore trust is perceived with community based\norganizations\n\n\n\n\n- Work with Disability inclusion organizations to increase\noutreach and build capacity of GBV providers to deal with\nsurvivors with disabilities in particular persons with mental\ndisability\n\n- Integrate GBV case management service provision through\nassigned focal points in agencies working and providing\nservices, skills and basic needs to persons with disabilities.\n\n- Reduce accessibility issues by dedicating resources for\nsign language interpretation and other means of awareness\nraising that are accepted by diverse persons of disabilities\nbased on focus group studies and proven models.\n\n- Include caregivers in interventions in areas such as\npsychosocial support, awareness campaigns and parenting\nprograms.\n\n\nTo counter stigma and promote survivor-centered\napproaches:\n\n\n- Advocate for a broader definition of rape in law.\n\n- Collaborate with health and case management service\nproviders for survivor-centered care.\n\n- Engage with communities to improve access and build trust\nin services for survivors of rape\n\n- Work with UNHCR and NCFA to advocate for survivorcentered approaches\n\n\n- Look further into the impact of mandatory reporting on help\nseeking behaviors and work with law enforcement agencies\non application of survivor centered approach.\n\n- Review training approach and work on attitudes and\ncoaching approach\n\n\n- Strengthen livelihood opportunities targeting GBV survivors\nand linked to case management through MOUs or joint\nprogrammes\n\n\n- Mapping of Civil society organizations providing case\nmanagement services in the community and assess reasons\nwhy beneficiaries seek assistance from these organizations.\n\n- Enhance Coordination and provide coaching and capacity\nbuilding to improve CBOs\u2019 case management skills.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mandatory reporting", - "confidence": 0.8815770745277405, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.5935219526290894, - "start": 368, - "end": 370 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**in coordination & cooperation with:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cae62b95-77e1-4ba7-b6d6-f126beaa869b/GBVIMS%202022%20Report%2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_414/raw/doc_414_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_414/raw/doc_414_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e4822faf6d08e358f43bb24fe13b018494bba882..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_414/raw/doc_414_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,642 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "7 Oct 2022\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System**\n\n## **Overview of Incidents of GBV and Women and Girls\u2019 access to justice services**\n\n# **Quarter 2-2022**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nThree years of economic crisis, compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Beirut Port\nexplosions and political instability have left families living in Lebanon struggling to survive, plunged them\ninto poverty and is affecting their health, welfare, and education. With the limited functionality of public\nservices, administrative offices and courts, this multi-layered crisis [1] had severe consequences on women,\ngirls, children, and marginalized groups like LGBTIQ+ survivors and people with disabilities.\n\n\nIt also worsened the overall protection situation for Syrian refugees and refugees of other nationalities\nand deepened the vulnerability of the Lebanese host community. In the second quarter of 2022, an uptick\nin restrictive measures was reported which impacted the protection space including protection partners\nreporting humanitarian access challenges, and additional information requests on the work of protection\npartner outreach volunteers.\n\n\nThis gender-based violence information management system (GBVIMS) report [2] aims to analyze the\nincidents of GBV in Lebanon, with a focus on the status of access to justice, where this compounded crisis\ncontinued to hamper legal actors' efforts to provide legal aid in a timely and responsive manner. The\nanalysis has been triangulated with other sources, protection monitoring reports, studies, surveys, and\nassessments conducted in Lebanon such as the Vulnerability assessment of Syrian refugees in Lebanon,\nand the Multi-sectoral needs assessment.\n\n**Profile of survivors seeking assistance**\n\nDuring times of emergency and in fragile settings affected by crises, women and girls are\ndisproportionately exposed to human rights abuses, violations, and violence due to their gender identity.\nAccording to the GBVIMS reports for the second quarter of 2022, female survivors continue to constitute\nthe majority of survivors seeking services. **94 percent** of survivors were female, but male survivors were\nalso affected with **6 percent of men and boys reporting GBV incidents**, with similar percentages as\nreported in the first quarter of 2021. Different organizations and service providers have intensive\nprevention and response activities and programs tailored to meet the needs of women and girls.\n\n\n1\n[ACT Alliance Alert: Lebanon Crisis. Accessed at: https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/act-alliance-alert-lebanon-crisis-16-march-2021](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/act-alliance-alert-lebanon-crisis-16-march-2021)\n2\nThe data quoted above are derived from only reported cases and do not represent the total incidences or prevalence of GBV in Lebanon.\nThese statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS for data collection in implementing GBV\nresponse activities across Lebanon, with the informed consent of survivors. Fourteen organizations contributed to the trends. These data\nshould not be used for direct follow-up with survivors or additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared\noutside your organization/agency. Should you like to use this data or access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the Inter-Agency\nGBVIMS Coordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender-based violence information management system", - "confidence": 0.9429478049278259, - "start": 198, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8880022168159485, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8994032144546509, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.581529974937439, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9902257323265076, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8160849809646606, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.6710187196731567, - "start": 262, - "end": 265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5738031268119812, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9392884969711304, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8546619415283203, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9148887991905212, - "start": 431, - "end": 432 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7898666262626648, - "start": 400, - "end": 401 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6903831362724304, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.7206249237060547, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.99639892578125, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Lamis Delbani", - "confidence": 0.6642908453941345, - "start": 555, - "end": 557 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9793606400489807, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9305964112281799, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2af78e2-04ab-4c6b-837a-cf51e86d19cb/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Final_Q2%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nevertheless, and despite the limited services designed to meet the needs of male survivors in the GBV\nprogramming, several organizations are reporting new projects that work on engaging men and boys in\nthe GBV programming.\n\nData from the second quarter of 2022 show that adults accounted for **89 percent** and children\naccounted for **11 percent of the GBV cases reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of children\nseeking services decreased by 7 percent compared to the first quarter of 2022. Despite this decrease in\nnumbers, partners reported an increase in available services targeting children in the region, in addition\nto the fact that the majority of Child Protection actors might not report to GBV IMS.\nAdditionally, and according to the gender findings of UNICEF recent report on multidimensional child\npoverty [3], girls and women due to their gender are facing different and specific repercussions of the\ncrisis. Girls, regardless of nationality, shared experiences of harassment in public spaces, restricting their\nmovement and mobility and confining them to their homes. Girls\u2019 right to play is further restricted due\nto harassment societal gender norms, as they are more likely to be confined to the home due to their\nparents\u2019 concerns about their safety.\n\nSyrian refugees remain the main group of population seeking GBV services, accounting for **75 percent** of\nall the individuals who sought out support in the second quarter of 2022. **23 percent** of the survivors\nseeking services were Lebanese. Lebanese nationals have also been affected by the escalating socioeconomic crisis, with the country's limited capacities to provide basic public services such electricity,\nwater, health and sanitation services, health care and protection services.\n\nAccording to the GBVIMS report covering the second quarter of 2022, **1 percent** of survivors receiving\nservices are persons with disability, with 1 percent decrease compared to the first quarter of the year.\nAccording to Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VaSyr 2021) [4], 6.9 percent of\nSyrian girls from head of households were at least one person with disability report safety concerns\naround sexual harassment, the rate amongst Syrian girls in head of households without a person with\ndisability is 3.6 percent.\nPeople with disabilities continue to face challenges in accessing and benefitting from the services due to\nseveral limitations, including limited capacities and skills of service providers to engage people with\ndisabilities in the activities, community stigmatization and marginalization and the issue of safe spaces\nthat may not be properly equipped to host people with disabilities. In this regard, several initiatives are\ntaking place on inter-sector levels to have better understanding about the barriers and access of people\nwith disabilities to services, including GBV.\n\n**Most commonly reported types of GBV incidents**\n\nWomen and girls continue to be exposed to several risks and GBV types in the community, which is further\nsupported by data reported through the GBVIMS. In the second quarter of 2022, physical assault and\n\n\n3\n[United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (2022). \u201cDeprived Childhood\u201d. Accessed at: https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/reports/deprived-childhoods](https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/reports/deprived-childhoods)\n4\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cVulnerability Assessment\n[of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon.\u201d Accessed at: https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2021-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2021-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon)\n[lebanon](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2021-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV\nprogramming", - "confidence": 0.7129126787185669, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5524913668632507, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6741035580635071, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS report", - "confidence": 0.9972767233848572, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9715177416801453, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5027996301651001, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7239924669265747, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9960289001464844, - "start": 361, - "end": 368 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6736878752708435, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "VaSyr", - "confidence": 0.9910706281661987, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9931623935699463, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9984577894210815, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8261734247207642, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9643009305000305, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations Children\u2019s Fund", - "confidence": 0.9306714534759521, - "start": 561, - "end": 567 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6718976497650146, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7451685070991516, - "start": 554, - "end": 555 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5797330737113953, - "start": 554, - "end": 555 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.6006869673728943, - "start": 450, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9101163744926453, - "start": 603, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9978463649749756, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9895510077476501, - "start": 607, - "end": 609 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2af78e2-04ab-4c6b-837a-cf51e86d19cb/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Final_Q2%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "psychological or emotional abuse were the most commonly reported types of GBV incidents, accounting\nfor **36 percent** and **34 percent** of incidents, respectively.\n\nSexual abuse remains a risk with devastating consequences on women and girls. However, it remains\nunderreported because of the stigma associated with it. Rape and sexual assault constitute a 17 percent\nof all reported incidents according to GBVIMS report for Q2 2022.\n\nHome remains not a safe space for survivors of GBV. According to the GBVIMS report covering the\nsecond quarter of 2022, 27 percent of the GBV incidents reported took place in the perpetrators home,\nwhile 56 percent of incidents took place in the client\u2019s home. These high percentages are linked to the\nhigh percentage of intimate partner violence incidents reported in the same quarter, with 57 percent of\nthe cases and marking a 2 percent increase compared to the first quarter of 2022.\n\n\n_**Intimate Partner Violence**_\n\n\nIntimate partner violence reporting continued to increase in 2022, with 2 percent increase compared to\nthe first quarter of 2022, accounting for **57 percent** in the second quarter of 2022, according to the\nGBVIMS. Data extracted from the GBVIMS indicate that both adults and children are subjected to intimate\npartner violence, with **7 percent** of female children reporting being subjected to intimate partner violence\nas well in the context of early marriage. According to KAFA internal reports [5] on urgent cases of women\nand girls\u2019 reporting different incidents of gender-based violence in Bekaa, Beirut and Mount Lebanon and\nthe South, the majority of cases requesting legal assistance are cases of intimate partner violence. Women\nand girls are requesting legal protection, prosecution of the perpetrator/ intimate partner, safe shelter\nand childcare and the procedures weren\u2019t put in action due to the continued gaps in the legal services.\n\n\n_**Access to services**_\n\n\nAccording to the data reported through the GBVIMS in the second quarter of 2022, Security protection\nservices and legal assistance services constitute the highest percentage of most declined referrals by\nGBV survivors, accounting to 42 percent and 41 percent respectively.\n\nThe current compounded crisis that Lebanon is experiencing worsened the legal services more, with\nmore judges being off duty because of the salaries and the limited functionality of courts due to several\nreasons including the fuel shortage.\n\nAfter several efforts to endorse the law 204 [6] which is the law amending Law 293 on the protection of\nwomen and other family members from domestic violence in Lebanon, the law was endorsed in\nDecember 2020 with several enhancements: Expansion of the family circle, the method of implementing\nthe protection order or restraining request, increasing the severity of the penalty for violating the\nprotection order, the possibility of submission of a protection request by a minor/ child, the\ncriminalization of moral/psychological and economic violence and allocation of a penalty to the\nperpetrator and other areas.\n\n\n5\n2022. KAFA Internal reports on urgent cases of GBV in need for legal assistance. Accessed at: https://kafa.org.lb/en.\n6\n2022. KAFA analysis of women and girls\u2019 survivors of GBV access to justice services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS report", - "confidence": 0.9973612427711487, - "start": 74, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Rape and sexual assault", - "confidence": 0.5575018525123596, - "start": 60, - "end": 64 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5318469405174255, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9099419116973877, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9952813982963562, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9604891538619995, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8223259449005127, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9310684204101562, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KAFA internal reports", - "confidence": 0.9256964921951294, - "start": 268, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "KAFA", - "confidence": 0.9424465298652649, - "start": 268, - "end": 269 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women\nand girls", - "confidence": 0.6398391723632812, - "start": 278, - "end": 281 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9215720891952515, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9659258127212524, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9837673902511597, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.9632430076599121, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KAFA Internal reports", - "confidence": 0.8207249045372009, - "start": 554, - "end": 557 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "KAFA", - "confidence": 0.7966439127922058, - "start": 554, - "end": 555 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7652508020401001, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9228217005729675, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.745963990688324, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2af78e2-04ab-4c6b-837a-cf51e86d19cb/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Final_Q2%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since the beginning of 2022, and due to the continuous and escalating multi-layered crisis, several\nservices and administrative offices and courts were reported functioning poorly with limited number of\nhuman resources attending to the offices. The services, including the legal, were interrupted by the\njudges being off-duty due to the fuel shortage, salary issues and the operability of duty stations.\nThe low functionality of service centers, and courts in specific, had a severe impact on the protection of\nwomen and girls. Consequently, it was manifested that no more protection orders are issued by the\njudges who aren\u2019t operating, no more implementation of rulings even those issued before such as\ncustody and family violence cases, and a state of total chaos in courts especially against women and the\nre-enhancement of the idea of impunity of the criminals/ perpetrators. Additionally, the repercussions\nof the courts\u2019 dysfunctionality included a decrease in the number of emergency cases reported to KAFA,\nrequesting legal assistance.\n\nAdditionally, and in reference again to KAFA\u2019s analysis of women and girls\u2019 survivors of GBV access to\njustice services, it revealed that women migrant domestic workers survivors of gender-based violence\nare severely affected by the limited functionality of courts and justice systems. Migrant domestic\nworkers have always faced significant obstacles to access to justice. Now, the law enforcement orders\nare not responding to reported case of abuse against them, with serious risks to their safety because\nthere are no alternative channels to immediately reach domestic workers in isolated and high risk\nenvironments, Additionally, Migrant domestic workers are continuously exposed to abuse perpetrated\nby employers or by recruitment agencies, and even if they manage to exit the abusive employer\u2019s house\nthey are exposed to high risks of exploitation and abuse.\nThese data are supported by the GBVIMS reports on the 1 percent increase in the percentage of\nsurvivors from nationalities other than Syrian, Lebanese, and Palestinian seeking GBV services and\nreporting on the GBVIMS, in the second quarter of 2022 ( **1 percent** in Q1 2022 compared to **2 percent** in\nQ2 2022).\n\nThe huge shortage in legal services urged women and girls to try to resolve the family disputes and GBV\nincidents through other ways that don\u2019t cost them reporting their cases to the court and consequently\nfiling a protection order. Data triangulated with a study by UN Women [7] and partner organizations on\n**Access to Justice for Sexual and Gender Based Violence case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon**, it was\ncommonly reported by both interviewed men and women that they tend to resolve the GBV reports/\nincidents internally in case the GBV is perpetrated within the household, before bringing the case to\ncourt. This is reflective of social pressures, fears associated with a lack of documentation, financial\nconstraints to engaging in the legal system, and the fact that informal justice processes take less time to\nreach an outcome, even if the outcome is not in the favor of women and/ or the survivor\u2019s needs.\n\n\n7\nUNWOMEN \u201cAnalytica Study of Access to Justice for sexual and gender-based violence cases of Syrian Refugee Women in Lebanon\u201d. Accessed\n[at: https://lebanon.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/03](https://lebanon.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/03)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.5723037719726562, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.666233241558075, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5295210480690002, - "start": 376, - "end": 377 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9588914513587952, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2af78e2-04ab-4c6b-837a-cf51e86d19cb/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Final_Q2%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommendations**\n\nThe GBVIMS Steering Committee and the Gender-Based Violence Task Force offer the following\nrecommendations for safeguarding at-risk populations and responding to survivors\u2019 needs based on the\ndata reported through the GBVIMS during the second quarter of 2022:\n\n\n - Strengthen the collaboration between GBV sector and Ministry of Social Affairs, the Lebanese\nNational Commission of Women to introduce the GBV services and improve Lebanese women and\ngirls\u2019 access to GBV services.\n\n - Strengthen the advocacy efforts with the ministry of justice to explore alternative actions and\narrangements to respond to the needs of women and girls\u2019 requesting justice services.\n\n - Adapt the complaints and feedback mechanisms to barriers women face, to be able to capture\nthe challenges faced by women and girls in accessing services.\n\n - Strengthen and increase the gender-sensitive discussions and provide systematic and ongoing\ntraining for legal professionals and other justice actors on women\u2019s rights, refugee rights, existing\nGBV laws, Lebanon\u2019s international obligations under human rights frameworks, referral\nmechanisms, gendered experiences of justice, and the needs of survivors.\n\n - Facilitate community dialogues and sessions on women\u2019s rights, access to justice in response to\nGBV, and legal protections. Emphasize women\u2019s right to seek legal services in response to both\nfamily and non-family violence.\n\n - Strengthen community-based approaches such as outreach and scale up the work with\ncommunity volunteers and committees to ensure improved access to services and information\nfor women and girls.\n\n - Scale- up programming that engages men and boys in women\u2019s protection and empowerment,\nincluding religious and community leaders, to prevent and respond to GBV and ultimately change\nharmful male behaviors and attitudes.\n\n - Enhance the quality of empowerment activities targeting women and girls and capacitate them\nto make informed decisions when seeking justice services in their communities.\n\n - Increase [8] women\u2019s participation and representation in community justice mechanisms due to the\nability of women customary leaders in playing an important role in advancing women\u2019s rights and\nconsequently improving the service delivery for women.\n\n - Build gender awareness and sensitivity through training and engage traditional, religious and\ncommunity leaders on gender justice and GBV.\n\n\n8 GBV AoR helpdesk. Strengthening Access to Justice for Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Emergencies\u201d. Accessed at:\nhttps://gbvaor.net/sites/default/files/2020-11/gbv-aor-helpdesk-strengthening-access-to-justice-24112020.pdf\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data reported through the GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6322844624519348, - "start": 32, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS Steering Committee", - "confidence": 0.7558062076568604, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9624832272529602, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7474677562713623, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "at-risk populations", - "confidence": 0.5347156524658203, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2af78e2-04ab-4c6b-837a-cf51e86d19cb/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Final_Q2%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_415/raw/doc_415_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_415/raw/doc_415_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 83efc97a54fe79b2bb717e7a6578f1415be14599..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_415/raw/doc_415_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,520 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**GBV IMS Steering Committee and GBV IMS Task Force Lebanon**\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Information Management System (IMS)** **Quarter 3-2022 Report** **Lebanon**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nOver the last two years, Lebanon has been facing political and economic crises that have significantly\nimpacted the country\u2019s political and socio-economic stability. The country is struggling with electricity\nblackouts, fuel and water shortages, and the near collapse of the banking sector and public services.\nLebanon is also experiencing a cholera outbreak due to deteriorated water and sanitation conditions\nwhich has now spread to at least 2,700 cases nationally [1] and which has negatively impacted the health\nand hygiene situation of the most vulnerable populations including those living in Informal Tented\nSettlements (ITSs). This multi-layered crisis [2] had significant consequences on the well-being of women,\nchildren, and marginalized groups such as LGBTIQ+ persons, migrants and people living with disabilities.\n\n\nThis Gender-based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS) report [3] provides analysis of GBV\nincidents recorded by GBVIMS users in Lebanon during the Q3 reporting period. The analysis has been\ntriangulated with other sources, such as protection monitoring reports, studies, surveys, and assessments\nconducted in Lebanon such as the Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian refugees in Lebanon (VASyR [4] ), and\nthe multi-sectoral needs assessment (MSNA). [5]\n\n**Profile of survivors of GBV seeking assistance**\n\nAccording to the GBVIMS data of Q3 2022, female survivors continue to constitute the majority of\nsurvivors seeking services given the disproportionate exposure of women and girls to GBV. Similar to\nprevious reporting periods, **94 percent** of all survivors were female, and **6 percent included men and boys**\n**reporting GBV incidents.** With no difference compared to the previous quarters, organizations and service\n\n\n[1 World health Organization report on Cholera outbreak in Lebanon. Accessed at: Cholera \u2013 Lebanon (who.int)](https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON416)\n[2 ACT Alliance Alert: Lebanon Crisis. Accessed at: https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/act-alliance-alert-lebanon-crisis-16-](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/act-alliance-alert-lebanon-crisis-16-march-2021)\n[march-2021](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/act-alliance-alert-lebanon-crisis-16-march-2021)\n3 The data included in this report are derived from reported cases by GBVIMS users in Lebanon and do not represent the total\nnumber of GBV incidence or prevalence of GBV in Lebanon. These statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service\nproviders who use the GBVIMS for data collection in implementing GBV response activities across Lebanon, with the informed\nconsent of survivors. Fourteen organizations contributed to the trends. These data should not be used for direct follow-up with\nsurvivors or additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared outside your\norganization/agency. Should you like to use this data or access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the InterAgency GBVIMS Coordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).\n4 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary\n[Results of the Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960)\n[5 MSNA 2021. Accessed at: Multi-sector needs assessment (MSNA) - Lebanon 2021 | HumanitarianResponse](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/lebanon/document/multi-sector-needs-assessment-msna-lebanon-2021)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.7752044796943665, - "start": 17, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.9375174641609192, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV IMS Steering Committee", - "confidence": 0.8605267405509949, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9986096620559692, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Quarter 3-2022", - "confidence": 0.7889450192451477, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+ persons", - "confidence": 0.5309481620788574, - "start": 176, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9571380019187927, - "start": 188, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8686148524284363, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9595373868942261, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9939327836036682, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8338597416877747, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3 reporting period", - "confidence": 0.5840380787849426, - "start": 213, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.5999426245689392, - "start": 228, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5494855046272278, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8534241318702698, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5040568113327026, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9409112930297852, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9734973311424255, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5167723298072815, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-sector needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.621174156665802, - "start": 584, - "end": 587 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8602250218391418, - "start": 578, - "end": 579 - }, - "author": { - "text": "HumanitarianResponse", - "confidence": 0.7393977642059326, - "start": 594, - "end": 595 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6990490555763245, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7476165294647217, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65fa9277-c1a0-4d8d-b31c-824e327501dd/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Q3%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GBV IMS Steering Committee and GBV IMS Task Force Lebanon**\n\n\nproviders have designed activities and programs tailored to meet the needs of women and girls, with\nincreased initiatives and programs that work on engaging men and boys in the GBV programming.\n\nQ3 data indicates that adults accounted for **85 percent** and children make **15 percent of the GBV incidents**\n**reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of children seeking services increased by 4 percent\ncompared to the second quarter of 2022. The increased number of children seeking services is likely linked\nto the increasing risks faced by children in the compounded crisis but also to the increase in services\navailable targeting children in the region as reported anecdotally by GBV service providers. Several\npartners working with children subjected to GBV reported that they are expanding their programs to new\nareas and they have increasing coverage compared to the past quarters.\n\nDisplaced Syrians continue to constitute the majority of the population seeking GBV services, accounting\nfor **77 percent** of all the individuals seeking support during the quarter, followed by Lebanese nationals\nand Palestinians from Lebanon and Syria, accounting for **19 percent** and **2 percent** respectively. Survivors\nfrom other nationalities have also been affected by the escalating socio-economic crisis, with the country's\nlimited capacities to provide basic services such electricity, water, health and sanitation services, health\ncare and protection services. Moreover, data from the GBVIMS reveals that **7 percent** of the incidents\nreported are perpetrated in Syria, compared to **93 percent** occurring in Lebanon after displacement and\nflight. Several reasons might justify this percentage, including the late disclosure of incidents that\nhappened before refuge, or the return of displaced Syrians to Lebanon. This percentage increased by 5\npercent compared to the last quarter. Consequently, there is a need to monitor this trend. Conflict related\nsexual violence is a critical concern and the worsening of the humanitarian situation in Syria may also\nresult in heightened levels of insecurity and exposure of women and girls to GBV.\n\nInQ3, a slight increase in reported incidents of survivors of GBV living with disabilities seeking support and\nservices is observed (3 percent in Q3 compared to 2 percent in Q2). However, the percentage of those\nreporting GBV incidents remains comparatively low and limited access to services and information\nremains a barrier for persons living with disabilities reporting their exposure to GBV. According to the\nfindings of 2021 VASyR, [6] **9 percent** of displaced Syrians have a disability, with 30 percent of Syrian\nhouseholds having at least one member living with a disability. The recorded prevalence of disability\nvaried from one Lebanese governorate to another. With 16 percent, El Nabatieh governorate ranked first\nwith the highest-level of documented persons living with disability, while Mount Lebanon had the lowest\nprevalence of persons living with disability (7.5 percent) [7] . This special difference is also reflected by the\ndata on survivors with disability recorded in the GBVIMS, with the highest reported percentage (6%) of\nsurvivors living with disability recorded in the South.\n\n**Most reported types of GBV incidents in Q3**\n\nWomen and girls continue to be disproportionately exposed to different types of GBV in the community.\nIn Q3, **physical assault and psychological/emotional abuse were the most reported types of GBV**,\naccounting for **35 percent** and **32 percent** of all reported incidents, respectively. Incidents of sexual\n\n\n6 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary\n[Results of the Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960)\n7 [MSNA 2021. Accessed at: Multi-sector needs assessment (MSNA) - Lebanon 2021 | HumanitarianResponse](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/lebanon/document/multi-sector-needs-assessment-msna-lebanon-2021)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Q3 data", - "confidence": 0.7830251455307007, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9368622899055481, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.751162588596344, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5691389441490173, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9505361318588257, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7388721704483032, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Displaced Syrians", - "confidence": 0.978158175945282, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6934558153152466, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9754058122634888, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8245136141777039, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Syrians", - "confidence": 0.5481754541397095, - "start": 480, - "end": 482 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8146053552627563, - "start": 697, - "end": 702 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5688212513923645, - "start": 670, - "end": 676 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6044524312019348, - "start": 688, - "end": 689 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7939795851707458, - "start": 700, - "end": 702 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-sector needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9201348423957825, - "start": 716, - "end": 719 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9177301526069641, - "start": 710, - "end": 711 - }, - "author": { - "text": "HumanitarianResponse", - "confidence": 0.8177312016487122, - "start": 726, - "end": 727 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9341728687286377, - "start": 723, - "end": 724 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9197937250137329, - "start": 688, - "end": 689 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65fa9277-c1a0-4d8d-b31c-824e327501dd/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Q3%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GBV IMS Steering Committee and GBV IMS Task Force Lebanon**\n\n\nviolence, including rape and sexual assault present the third most reported type of GBV incident with 17\npercent of all incidents reported.\n\n\n_**Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)**_\n\n\n**62 percent** of all GBV incidents were perpetrated by the intimate partner of the survivor which is an\nincrease of IPV by 5 percent compared to Q2 2022. Data extracted from the GBVIMS indicate that both\nadults and children are subjected to IPV, with **11 percent** of female children reporting being subjected to\nviolence by their partner, including married children/ adolescent girls exposed to IPV, marking a 4 percent\nincrease compared to the second quarter of 2022.\n\n\n_**Forced/ Early Marriage**_\n\n\nEarly marriage is the most prominent type of GBV perpetrated against children, constituting **84 percent**\nof the forced marriage incidents reported in this quarter. According to the gender findings of UNICEF 's\nrecent report [8] on multidimensional child poverty, adolescent girls, regardless of their nationality, shared\nexperiences of harassment in public spaces and restriction of their mobility preventing them from accessing\nservices. Additionally, 22 percent of Syrian girls aged 15-18 who do not attend school report marriage as the\nmain reason behind this. The same report reveals that girls\u2019 right to play is further restricted due to harassment\nand gender norms, as they are more likely to be confined to the home due to their parents\u2019 concerns about\ntheir safety.\n\n\n**The majority of incidents (43 percent)** were reported after one month or more of the incident occurring,\nwhile **22 percent** were reported in the first 3 days of the incident. Despite the increase in the percentage\nof incidents reported within the first three days of the incidents, the delayed reporting of incidents is often\nlinked to the delayed disclosures of GBV incidents by survivors due to a number of reported reasons,\nincluding fear of stigma, time needed to accept and process the abuse before reporting and seeking\nservices by specialized service providers. In addition, GBV is commonly underreported due to the risks\nassociated with reporting, particularly for IPV where survivors fear of retaliation or consequences\naffecting their families as well as fear of stigmatization within the family and community are some of the\nreasons why survivors hesitate to report.\n\n\n**Service Provision**\n\nAccording to Q3 data, psychosocial support (PSS) is the main service that survivors requested in Q3 and\nprevious quarters with **84 percent** of the services provided for new incidents. This is also due to the fact\nthat psychosocial support is often provided by the case worker/ social worker as an in-house service of\nGBV case management services when supporting and caring for survivors.\n\n\nApart from PSS, health and medical services are the most requested other specialized services that GBV\nsurvivors were successfully referred to, accounting for 23 percent. Security and law enforcement services\nas well as legal assistance services continue to constitute the highest percentage of most declined referrals\nby GBV survivors, accounting to 34 percent and 31 percent respectively. Fear of reporting modalities and\n\n\n8 United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (2022). \u201cDeprived Childhood\u201d. Accessed at:\n[https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/reports/deprived-childhoods](https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/reports/deprived-childhoods)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.987212598323822, - "start": 87, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9401505589485168, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8409591317176819, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8673968315124512, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female children", - "confidence": 0.6009038686752319, - "start": 107, - "end": 109 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Q3 data", - "confidence": 0.9955571293830872, - "start": 456, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PSS", - "confidence": 0.6496250033378601, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.6271684765815735, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV\nsurvivors", - "confidence": 0.9492735862731934, - "start": 543, - "end": 545 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Deprived Childhood", - "confidence": 0.904321551322937, - "start": 606, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Fund", - "confidence": 0.7731219530105591, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.714020311832428, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65fa9277-c1a0-4d8d-b31c-824e327501dd/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Q3%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GBV IMS Steering Committee and GBV IMS Task Force Lebanon**\n\n\nlimited trust in law enforcement, in addition to the judges strike that impacted the functionality of the\nlaw enforcement agencies that are expected to extend support in line with the wishes of the survivor\nmight be additional impediments for survivors to request report to the police.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\nThe GBVIMS Steering Committee supported by the co-leads of the Gender-Based Violence Working Group\nrecommend the below actions to address the challenges and gaps outlined:\n\n\n - Ensure that GBV is mainstreamed across sectors through collaborating and promoting joint\ninitiatives among GBV, child protection, MHPSS, and health actors and the Ministry of Social\nAffairs to mitigate the risk of GBV, especially sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n - Strengthen timely and safe referrals across sectors, and to the GBV sector, through capacity\nbuilding on GBV core concepts, including disclosures and safe and ethical referrals.\n\n - Strengthen the collaboration between GBV sector and Ministry of Social Affairs, the Lebanese\nNational Commission of Women to introduce the GBV services and improve Lebanese women and\ngirls\u2019 access to services.\n\n - Adapt the complaints and feedback mechanisms to take into consideration barriers women\nusually face to report or file a complaint, to be able to capture the challenges faced by women\nand girls in accessing services.\n\n - Strengthen programming for the inclusion of people with disabilities including building the\ncapacities of service providers, working on the accessibility of facilities and strategic partnerships\nwith organizations specialized in working with persons with disabilities.\n\n - Strengthen community-based approaches such as outreach and scale up the work with\ncommunity volunteers and committees to ensure improved access to services and information\nfor women and girls.\n\n - Scale- up programming that engages men and boys in women\u2019s protection and empowerment,\nincluding religious and community leaders, to prevent and respond to GBV and ultimately change\nharmful male behaviors and attitudes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65fa9277-c1a0-4d8d-b31c-824e327501dd/GBVIMS%20Thematic%20Report_Q3%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_416/raw/doc_416_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_416/raw/doc_416_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9ad56d3280ed487f7c648c237c0700eb3a3a044b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_416/raw/doc_416_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,455 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "14 June 2022\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System**\n\n## **Overview of Incidents of GBV and Women and Girls\u2019 access to services**\n\n# **Quarter 1-2022**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nLebanon\u2019s protracted economic crisis threatens to drive more people into poverty and food insecurity.\nPrices of food and other essential needs continued to increase, driven by renewed currency depreciation\n(from an average of LBP 23,000/USD in March to LBP 26,000/USD in April) and the impact of the Ukraine\ncrisis on international wheat and fuel prices [1] .\n\n\nThis current crisis has worsened the overall protection situation for Syrian refugees and refugees of other\nnationalities and deepened the vulnerability of the Lebanese host community. The deterioration in the\neconomic condition combined with the social instability urged vulnerable communities to increasingly rely\non humanitarian services, including cash and in-kind assistance to respond to their rising and emerging\nneeds.\n\n\nThis gender-based violence information management system (GBVIMS) report [2] aims to analyze the GBV\nreports in Lebanon as a result of the compounded crisis, with a focus on the linkage between GBV reports\nand food insecurity. The analysis has been triangulated with other sources, protection monitoring reports,\nstudies, surveys, and assessments conducted in Lebanon such as WFP Situational report, Global protection\ncluster study on GBV and food insecurity and UNFPA report on cash assistance within GBV case\nmanagement.\n\n**Profile of survivors seeking assistance**\n\nMost of the survivors who accessed GBV services in the first quarter of 2022 were female, but male\nsurvivors were also affected with **6 percent of men and boys reporting GBV incidents**, with similar\npercentages as reported in the fourth quarter of 2021. Data from the GBVIMS in 2022 indicates that **24**\n**percent of the children subjected to sexual abuse were males, a percentage that doubled compared to**\n**the fourth quarter of 2021** . Despite the limited services designed to meet the needs of male survivors in\nthe GBV programming, there is a 3 percent increase in the reporting of male children seeking services in\n\n\n1 [World Food Program: \u201cLebanon Situational Report\u201d. Accessed at: https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/wfp-lebanon-situation-report-april-](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/wfp-lebanon-situation-report-april-2022)\n[2022.](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/wfp-lebanon-situation-report-april-2022)\n2\nThe data quoted above are derived from only reported cases and do not represent the total incidences or prevalence of GBV in Lebanon.\nThese statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS for data collection in implementing GBV\nresponse activities across Lebanon, with the informed consent of survivors. Thirteen organizations contributed to the trends. These data should\nnot be used for direct follow-up with survivors or additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared outside\nyour organization/agency. Should you like to use this data or access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the Inter-Agency GBVIMS\nCoordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender-based violence information management system", - "confidence": 0.9604947566986084, - "start": 180, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8281803131103516, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9718738794326782, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9925411939620972, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5604912638664246, - "start": 291, - "end": 292 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5938754081726074, - "start": 291, - "end": 292 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable communities", - "confidence": 0.5098780989646912, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP Situational report", - "confidence": 0.6715745329856873, - "start": 245, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5854174494743347, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.969426691532135, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9690676331520081, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9464433789253235, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Lebanon Situational Report", - "confidence": 0.8472343683242798, - "start": 411, - "end": 414 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of male children seeking services", - "confidence": 0.6668273210525513, - "start": 397, - "end": 403 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Food Program", - "confidence": 0.8336353898048401, - "start": 406, - "end": 409 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9677148461341858, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9978310465812683, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Lamis Delbani", - "confidence": 0.7100498676300049, - "start": 543, - "end": 545 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9936763644218445, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9574167728424072, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ac8ab675-7eb4-4350-a90b-239a1319055d/GBVIMS_%20Q1%202022_thematic%20report_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "this quarter, compared to the fourth quarter of 2021 (from **4 percent** in Q4, 2021 to **7 percent** in Q1,\n2022).\n\nData from the first quarter of 2022 show that adults accounted for **82 percent** and children accounted for\n**18 percent of the GBV cases reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of children seeking services\nincreased by 5 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2021. Partners reported an increase in the\npercentage of child survivors especially in certain regions (South Lebanon recorded the highest proportion\nof children seeking services, at **35 percent** in the first quarter of 2022). The increased number of children\nseeking services is probably linked to the increasing risks faced by children in the current crisis but also to\nthe increase in available services targeting children in the region as reported by GBVIMS actors and case\nmanagement service providers.\n\nSyrian refugees continue to be the majority of the population seeking GBV services, accounting for **73**\n**percent** of all the individuals who sought out support in the first quarter of 2022, with 5 percent increase\ncompared to the fourth quarter of 2021. **25 percent** of the survivors seeking services were Lebanese.\nLebanese nationals have also been affected by the escalating socio-economic crisis, with the country's\nlimited capacities to provide basic public services such as electricity, water, health and sanitation services\nand health care.\n\nData from the GBVIMS in the first quarter of 2022 indicates that 2 percent of the survivors seeking GBV\nservices are people with disability, similar to the percentage reported in the fourth quarter of 2021. People\nwith disabilities continue to face challenges in accessing and benefitting from the services due to several\nlimitations, including limited capacities and skills of service providers to engage people with disabilities in\nthe activities, community stigmatization and marginalization and the issue of safe spaces that may not be\nproperly equipped and rehabilitated to host people with disabilities. In this regard, several initiatives are\ntaking place on inter-sector levels to have better understanding about the barriers and access of people\nwith disabilities to services, including GBV.\n\n**Most commonly reported types of GBV incidents**\n\nWomen and girls continue to be exposed to several risks and GBV types in the community including sexual\nviolence and forced marriage, which is further supported by data reported through the GBVIMS. In 2022,\nphysical assault, psychological or emotional abuse and forced marriage were the most commonly\nreported types of GBV incidents against children, accounting for **33 percent, 31 percent and 13 percent**\nof incidents, respectively.\n\n\n_**Intimate Partner Violence**_\n\n\nIn 2022, Intimate partner violence reporting increased with 4 percent compared to quarter 4, 2021,\naccounting for **55 percent** in the first quarter of 2022, according to the GBVIMS. Data extracted from the\nGBVIMS indicate that both adults and children are subjected to intimate partner violence, with an increase\nin the reporting of female children, accounting for 20 percent in this quarter.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9646683931350708, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8515541553497314, - "start": 105, - "end": 107 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7685142159461975, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "first quarter of 2022", - "confidence": 0.5202072858810425, - "start": 38, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8067675828933716, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8801010847091675, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6287375688552856, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "first quarter of 2022", - "confidence": 0.6766223311424255, - "start": 212, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9884130358695984, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7121444344520569, - "start": 523, - "end": 524 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9757104516029358, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ac8ab675-7eb4-4350-a90b-239a1319055d/GBVIMS_%20Q1%202022_thematic%20report_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Data triangulated with the Gender based violence AoR report [3] on food insecurity and GBV indicates that\nthere is a strong linkage between food insecurity and intimate partner violence against adult women and\nearly married girls. According to the report, household\u2019s food insecurity elevates household stressors,\nwhich in turn contributes to different forms of GBV, including intimate partner violence. Acute food\ninsecurity leads to conflict over food distribution and resources, in addition to the fact that poor\nhouseholds are more prone to stress and shocks, while having reduced capacity to deal with stressors.\nAdditionally, food insecurity impacts individuals on a physiological level, such as impeding the cognitive\nfunctioning and ability to control emotions.\n\n\nAs a response on the acute economic crisis, cash assistance within GBV case management is one of the\nservices offered to mitigate the GBV risks on women and girls, with a focus on the recurrent cash\nassistance (RCA) that aims at mitigating the risk and the consequences of intimate partner violence, sexual\nharassment, exploitation, or abuse in a longer term. According to UNFPA annual report on cash assistance\nwithin GBV case management [4], 95 percent of the RCA respondents from different nationalities and\nvulnerabilities including LGBTIQ+ survivors reported that the assistance significantly contributed to\nmitigating their exposure to sexual harassment, exploitation, or abuse. For 92 percent of survivors\nexperiencing intimate partner violence prior to the intervention, the recurrent cash assistance\nsignificantly contributed to decreasing or mitigating IPV. Additionally, 84 percent of beneficiaries\nconsidered that cash allowed them to be in a better position to make decisions regarding their recovery\nfrom the incident or risk of violence.\n\n\n_**Early marriage**_\n\n\nData reported through GBVIMS in the first quarter of 2022 indicates that reports of early marriage\nincreased with 5 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2021, accounting for **14 percent** . According\nto field reports and GBVIMS contributors, there is an increase in the reporting of early marriage incidents\ndue to the new projects that are targeting children\u2019s survivors of GBV, including cases of forced marriage.\n\n\nChild marriage is considered a negative coping strategy that families resort to in times of financial\nhardship, while having regional differences in Lebanon related to the impact of economic crisis.\n\n\nIn April 2021, the Sunni court raised the minimum age of marriage to 18, in the aim of decreasing the rates\nof child marriage. Despite of this fact, child marriage rates continue to increase in Lebanon, while having\nthe South of Lebanon reporting the highest percentage of early marriage in Lebanon in 2022.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\nThe GBVIMS Steering Committee and the Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence Task Force offers the\nfollowing recommendations for safeguarding at-risk populations and responding to survivors\u2019 needs\nbased on the data reported through the GBVIMS during the first quarter of 2022:\n\n\n - Strengthen timely and safe referrals across sectors, and to the GBV sector, through capacity\nbuilding on GBV core concepts, including disclosures and safe and ethical referrals.\n\n\n3\nGender based violence AoR, Global protection cluster study on Food Insecurity & Gender-Based Violence.\n4\nPreliminary findings of United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA Lebanon) Cash assistance within GBV Case Management report,\n2021.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender based violence AoR report", - "confidence": 0.9969178438186646, - "start": 4, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9266819953918457, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9743708372116089, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reports of early marriage", - "confidence": 0.7478376030921936, - "start": 323, - "end": 327 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8884222507476807, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8960833549499512, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6427692770957947, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8072192668914795, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS Steering Committee", - "confidence": 0.6539971828460693, - "start": 485, - "end": 488 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5545778870582581, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.703520655632019, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "at-risk populations", - "confidence": 0.8720714449882507, - "start": 503, - "end": 505 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Case Management report", - "confidence": 0.6138748526573181, - "start": 591, - "end": 595 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Global protection cluster", - "confidence": 0.6624306440353394, - "start": 563, - "end": 566 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6195322275161743, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ac8ab675-7eb4-4350-a90b-239a1319055d/GBVIMS_%20Q1%202022_thematic%20report_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Scale up emergency assistance that ensures direct access to food, both in-kind and through cashbased activities in addition to advocating for meaningful transfer values.\n\n- Strengthen the integration of cash assistance services within GBV case management, and assess\nthe feasibility of multiple payments that address different high priority needs, including\ntransportation to life saving services and forensic medicine.\n\n- Strengthen the linkages between the provision of cash and in-kind support with incomegenerating and livelihood opportunities to ensure longer-term outcomes for vulnerable\nindividuals and households.\n\n- Improve the availability of analysis on protection risks in relation to food and in-kind assistance,\nand collect feedback on meaningful access, safety and dignity, participation, and accountability of\npeople in relation to the provision of humanitarian services.\n\n- Collaborate and promote joint initiatives among GBV actors, child protection actors and the\nMinistry of Social Affairs in working groups and coordination platforms to mitigate the risk of GBV,\nespecially sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n- Optimize and expand integration between sectors and programs, while ensuring a gender\ntargeted approach that can prevent violence against children by addressing the different\ndeterminants of protection violation in a holistic manner.\n\n- Strengthen the collaboration between GBV sector and Ministry of Social Affairs, to introduce the\nGBV services and improve Lebanese women and girls\u2019 access to GBV services.\n\n- Strengthen the collaboration between GBV sector and Ministry of Public Health, to target the\nincreased number of women and adolescent girls accessing primary health care centers and\nhospitals and introduce the GBV services.\n\n- Raise awareness about GBV to service providers, especially those in direct contact with women\nand girls such as forensic doctors, nurses, clinical management of rape service providers, to\nstrengthen access to sexual and reproductive health services and sanitary needs for women and\nadolescent girls.\n\n- Strengthen community-based approaches such as outreach and scale up the work with community\nvolunteers and committees to ensure improved access to services and information for women and\ngirls.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ac8ab675-7eb4-4350-a90b-239a1319055d/GBVIMS_%20Q1%202022_thematic%20report_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_417/raw/doc_417_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_417/raw/doc_417_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a2e780f3108f0c4e558bd86baa5eda6b9ab7805d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_417/raw/doc_417_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,690 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "4 [th], March, 2021\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System** **Annual Overview of Incidents of GBV in Relation to Lebanon\u2019s Situation** **2020**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nThroughout the past year Lebanon faced a deterioration in its economic condition that resulted in the\ndevaluation of the Lebanese pound, with estimates revealing that more than 55% [1] of the country\u2019s\npopulation is now trapped into poverty and struggling to meet primarily necessities. This is also the case\nof 89% of the Syrian refugee population who are living under the extreme poverty line [2] . This situation\ncomes at a critical period as the country continues to report increasingly high numbers of COVID-19 cases\nleaving health systems and frontline workers overwhelmed. In addition, the Beirut port explosions, on\nAugust 4 [th], which caused large human and material losses, left thousands of people of all ages and\nnationalities, in particular vulnerable groups, affected with post-traumatic stress disorders and emotional\ntraumas. Vulnerable groups at risk from the host community, namely female refugees, migrant workers,\nwomen in prostitution and persons that identify as LGBTIQ+, in particular transwomen, face higher risks\nin 2020 in comparison with previous years.\n\n\nIn light of these adversities, the annual GBVIMS report aims to provide a situational analysis on the impact\nof the socio-economic situation, COVID-19 pandemic and Beirut port explosions on the Gender-Based\nViolence (GBV) situation in Lebanon. The data reflected in this report is provided by thirteen (13) data\ngathering organizations that coordinate the GBVIMS through a National Steering Committee in Lebanon [3] .\nThe analysis has been triangulated with other sources including protection monitoring reports, various\ntechnical sector\u2019s data, surveys and impact assessments conducted in the period of this analysis.\n\n\n**Increase in GBV Incidents Against Women and Girls**\n\n\n**Data reported through the GBVIMS indicates a 5% increase in female survivors in 2020 (98%) in**\n**comparison to 2019 (93%).** Data collected in Quarter 2 of 2020 indicates the most disproportionate\nimpact of COVID-19 on women and girls (99% female survivors) during this period. In addition, 9% increase\nin Lebanese survivors accessing Gender-Based Violence (GBV) case management services, amounting to\n\n\n1 https://www.unescwa.org/news/Lebanon-poverty-2020\n2 [https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2020/12/Postcards-VASYR-2020.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2020/12/Postcards-VASYR-2020.pdf)\n3 The data quoted above is only from reported cases and does not represent the total incidence or prevalence of Gender-Based\nviolence (GBV) in Lebanon. These statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBV\nInformation Management System (GBVIMS) for data collection in the implementation of GBV response activities across Lebanon\nand with the informed consent of survivors. Thirteen organizations contributed to the trends. This data should not be used for\ndirect follow-up with survivors or organizations for additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be\nshared outside your organization/agency. Should you like to use this data or access more information on the GBV IMS, please\n[contact the Inter-Agency GBVIMS Coordinator, Dana Dib (dib@unfpa.org).](mailto:dib@unfpa.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS report", - "confidence": 0.961198627948761, - "start": 245, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8798547983169556, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9991362690925598, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.816413164138794, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9180176854133606, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "National Steering Committee", - "confidence": 0.5453475713729858, - "start": 300, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9941456317901611, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.787872850894928, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Lebanese survivors", - "confidence": 0.6507731080055237, - "start": 424, - "end": 426 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV\nInformation Management System", - "confidence": 0.52481609582901, - "start": 484, - "end": 488 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6003572344779968, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Dana Dib", - "confidence": 0.5415397882461548, - "start": 575, - "end": 577 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5012053847312927, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.6658192873001099, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "35% in 2020 in comparison to 26% in 2019. This increase of female survivors is not surprising, since during\nthe early stages of the outbreak of COVID-19 many humanitarian organizations in Lebanon and various\ncountries reported an increase in GBV incidents linked with lockdown restrictions and family confinement\nin the households. Analysis suggests that since the outbreak of COVID-19 more organizations have\noutreached to Lebanese nationals due to the emerging risks of GBV, including domestic violence, in\ncomparison to the period prior to the outbreak in which most programme interventions targeted mostly\nSyrian refugees. From February to November 2020, the Internal Security Forces (ISF) reported to have a\n102% increase in calls to their domestic violence hotline number [4], mostly from Lebanese nationals. The\nCOVID-19 pandemic, political uprising and the devaluation of the Lebanese pound compounded one of\nLebanon\u2019s worst socio-economic crises since the civil war, high levels of unemployment and inflation is\nleaving individuals and families inability to meet their basic needs, including paying for rent. In addition,\nthe Beirut port explosions further exacerbated the situation in the areas of Beirut/Mount Lebanon.\n\n\nGender-Based Violence incidents that occurred online have significantly increased following the outbreak\nof COVID-19. Case managers working with survivors reported that since the beginning of the lockdown,\nmore women and girls, especially among Palestinians and Syrians refugees are being exposed to online\nsexual harassment and blackmail. **GBVIMS data indicates that 2% (2020) of survivors are Palestinian** . In\naddition, the Internal Security Forces (ISF) indicates that 143 incidents (threats and exploitation) were\nperpetrated online in the month of July and August 2020, with the majority being against women and\ngirls, 70% (July) and 75%(August) [5] .Lockdowns and movement restrictions have led to an even greater\nreliance on the internet, particularly the use of social media, and cell phones for communication [6], thus\namplifying the likelihood of women and girls being exposed to GBV incidents online.\n\n**Increase in GBV Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence**\n\nGBV case managers report an increase of survivors in need for case management services, especially\nthrough their hotlines, since face-to-face case management services were significantly limited (focusing\nonly on urgent and high-risk cases) due to the outbreak of COVID-19. **Data from the GBVIMS highlights**\n**this trend with a 3% increase in incidents perpetrated by an intimate partner or family member in 2020**\n**(69%) in comparison to 2019 (66%).** In addition with the continuous lockdown measures in place,\nincidents of intimate partner violence continue to be on the rise. **This is noted with a 5% increase in**\n**incidents of intimate partner violence between Q3 (67%) and Q4 (72%), when lockdown measures**\n**imposed by authorities were more strict.** Triangulated data from the United Nations Relief and Work\nAgency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) indicates that there has been a rise in incidents\nof domestic violence within Palestinian camps and children have reported to have witnessed these\nincidents within their households. Furthermore, according to data collected by a national nongovernmental organization, KAFA (Enough Violence and Exploitation), the number of calls from their\nhotline increased 3 folds, reaching an average of 950 calls on monthly basis during quarter 4 of 2020.\n\n\n[4 COVID-19 magnifies issues of gender-based violence in Lebanon https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2020/Dec-](https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2020/Dec-08/515137-covid-19-magnifies-issue-of-gender-based-violence-in-lebanon.ashx)\n[08/515137-covid-19-magnifies-issue-of-gender-based-violence-in-lebanon.ashx](https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2020/Dec-08/515137-covid-19-magnifies-issue-of-gender-based-violence-in-lebanon.ashx)\n5 https://www.facebook.com/FeMaleComms/photos/a.915045695226593/3621351181262684/?type=3&theater\n6 Violence against women and girls and COIVD-19 in the region https://www2.unwomen.org//media/field%20office%20arab%20states/attachments/publications/2020/12/covid_and_vawg_un_brief_final.pdf?la=en&vs=5\n344\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "According to a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on GBV programming in Lebanon conducted by the SGBV\nTask Force in December 2020 [7], all persons have been affected by the shift to remote modality of service\nprovision, however some of the most notable are, LGBTIQ+ (2%), persons with disability(10%), adolescent\ngirls (12%) and adult women (8%).\n\n\n**Most** **Prominent** **Type** **of** **GBV** **Incidents** **Reported:** **Physical** **Assault** **and**\n**Psychological/Emotional Abuse**\n\n\nDue to the prolonged confinement and ongoing lockdown measures the most reported type of incidents\nthrough the GBVIMS in 2020 were **physical assault 38% (2020) and psychological/emotional abuse 33%**\n**(2020)** . These two types of GBV incidents are linked to incidents of intimate partner violence and domestic\nviolence. **Data from the GBVIMS indicates a 3% increase in 2020 (80%) compared to 2019 (77%) of**\n**incidents taking place at the survivor\u2019s and perpetrator\u2019s home** . Since the breakout of COVID-19 in\nLebanon, 57% of women and girls have reported feeling less safe in their communities and 44% of women\nand girls reported feeling less safe in their homes [8] . Analysis indicates that the dire economic situation has\nresulted in high tensions within the household due to the inability of meeting basic needs, restriction of\nmovement, increased debits and family members obliged to share small housing spaces. The pandemic\nhas resulted in immediate exacerbation of gender inequalities. Data from the GBVIMS indicates a 9%\nincrease in incidents of physical assault occurring in the survivors house in Q2 (21%), coinciding\napproximately by the time of the start of the pandemic, compared to Q4 2020 (30%). This increase was\nalso notable among survivors of psychological/emotional abuse, accounting for a 4% increase, 18% (Q2\n2020), and 22% (Q4 2020).\n\n\n**Increase of Incidents of Child Sexual Abuse Against Boys and Sexual Assault Incidents in the**\n**Areas of Beirut/Mount Lebanon**\n\n\nSix months have passed since the tragic Beirut port explosions that claimed the lives of nearly 200 people,\ninjured over 6,000 and displaced more than 300,000 [9] . People affected by the Beirut port explosions\ncontinue to experience post-traumatic stress, exhaustion, anxiety and distress, especially among street\nconnected children. Data from the Protection Sector monitoring reports indicates that 96% of people have\nexperienced mental health distress due to the socio-economic situation and 60% due to the outbreak of\nCOVID-19. **GBVIMS data in Beirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that 21% (2020) of child sexual abuse**\n**survivors are boys under the age of 18** . Analysis suggests that the ongoing closure of schools has\nincreased the risk of children being exposed to violence, especially street connected children and tensions\nwithin the household have increased due to the dire economic situation and high levels of unemployment.\nFurthermore, according to data collected by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) Protection\nMonitoring reports in December 2020, a higher percentage of boys were reported to be out of school in\ncomparison to girls, this may be linked to the fact that more boys are being engaged in child labour, hence\n\n\n7 Impact of COVID-19 on GBV Programming, SGBV Task Force, Lebanon, January 2021\nhttps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/84989\n8 Impact of COVID-19 on the SGBV Situation in Lebanon: Inter-Agency SGBV Task Force Lebanon- May 2020\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/impact-covid-19-sgbv-situation-lebanon-inter-agency-sgbv-task-force-lebanon-may-2020\n9 https://lebanon.unfpa.org/en/publications/beirut-explosion-situation-report-no5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9890193343162537, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "reported type of incidents", - "confidence": 0.7153306603431702, - "start": 149, - "end": 153 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9987878203392029, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9843056201934814, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "survivors house", - "confidence": 0.8530009984970093, - "start": 356, - "end": 358 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5361735820770264, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5580394864082336, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Sector monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9775688052177429, - "start": 513, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8103987574577332, - "start": 548, - "end": 552 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6449954509735107, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.8896886110305786, - "start": 545, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.941917896270752, - "start": 548, - "end": 552 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7992307543754578, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection\nMonitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9131404757499695, - "start": 634, - "end": 637 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "International Rescue Committee", - "confidence": 0.8076072931289673, - "start": 628, - "end": 631 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5200212001800537, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5860793590545654, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "increasing the risks of being exposed to child sexual abuse. In addition, data collected through the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees (VASyR) for 2020 indicates that 4.4% of Syrian children were\nengaged in child labour in 2020 in comparison to 2.6% in 2019.\n\n\nThe Beirut explosions impact continues to ripple across of all populations, regardless of age, sex,\nnationality and especially among vulnerable groups, women and children at risk, LGBTIQ+ and persons\nwith disabilities. **Data from the GBVIMS in Beirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that 1% (2020) of survivors**\n**who have some form of disability** . In addition, triangulated data from UNRWA indicates that persons\nwith disabilities have struggled to access available services especially livelihoods and living space is not\nadapted due to design and over crowdedness of camps and they continuously face discrimination and\nisolation.\n\n\n**Data from the GBVIMS in Beirut/Mount Lebanon indicates a 3% increase of sexual assault incidents**\n**occurring in the street between Q2 2020 (4%) and Q4 2020 (7%).** Analysis indicates that this increase is\na result of empty and dark streets at night after the Beirut explosions, poor lighting conditions and\nabandoned buildings. The increase in incidents has also resulted in a higher number of referrals to GBV\nservices as a result of the explosions. This is highlighted by data collected through the Referral Information\nManagement System (RIMS), 265 (July \u2013 October 2020) in comparison to 152 (March- June 2020) [10] .\n\n\nFurthermore, data from the GBVIMS highlights a 3% increase in survivors reporting having no relation\nwith the perpetrator, 15% (Q2 2020) compared to 18% (Q4 2020).\n\n\n**Risks of Sexual Exploitation**\n\nIncidents of sexual exploitation often go unreported, especially among female refugees and migrant\nworkers due to the fear of retaliation, lack of information on reporting mechanisms and many are not able\nto report incidents to the authorities due to the absence of a legal residency. **This is further supported by**\n**data collected through the GBVIMS which indicates that 40% (2020) of survivors have declined**\n**accepting referrals to legal assistance services.** **According to data collected through the GBVIMS in 2020,**\n**1% of survivors reported incidents of exploitation and nearly 4% reported incidents perpetrated by**\n**landlords.** Protection sector data reported through Protection Monitoring reports indicates that due to\nthe unaffordable rent prices and increased tensions with landlords, 15% of head of households have\nchanged accommodation in the last year. In addition, data from the IRC Protection Monitoring reports for\nthe month of November 2020 indicates that, 66% of female headed households reported that their levels\nof debt had significantly increased, in comparison to 57% of male headed households. The increased levels\nof debt are more likely to expose women and adolescent girls to various forms of violence such as physical\nassault, child marriage, harassment and sexual exploitation.\n\nPreliminary findings from VASyR in 2020 indicates that 3% of refugee women and 2.5% of refugee men\nworry about family members being sexually exploited in relation to paying rent, 4% of refugee women\nand 3% of refugee men worry about exploitation in relation to accessing food. Protection sector data\nindicates that there has been an increase in eviction or threats of eviction due to the inability to pay rent.\nData from Protection Monitoring reports for the month of November 2020 indicate that 79% of people,\n\n\n10 Referral Information Management System (RIMS), Preparing for and responding to emergency crises with efficient and\naccountable referral pathways,November 2020\nhttps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RIMS%20Nov%20report_2020.pdf\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9973805546760559, - "start": 18, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9982650876045227, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5617473721504211, - "start": 99, - "end": 103 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9876604080200195, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian children", - "confidence": 0.5782681703567505, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6755780577659607, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9510745406150818, - "start": 99, - "end": 103 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8446735143661499, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "triangulated data from UNRWA", - "confidence": 0.8108748197555542, - "start": 128, - "end": 132 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7120906114578247, - "start": 99, - "end": 103 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7359405159950256, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons\nwith disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8713772892951965, - "start": 88, - "end": 91 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8689349889755249, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Beirut/Mount Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9607380032539368, - "start": 174, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7690498232841492, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.798675000667572, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Referral Information\nManagement System", - "confidence": 0.952037513256073, - "start": 270, - "end": 274 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIMS", - "confidence": 0.9797680974006653, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.605005145072937, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5106967687606812, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9673967957496643, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7947795987129211, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.8684052228927612, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.7032954692840576, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7811611294746399, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "head of households", - "confidence": 0.5883610844612122, - "start": 497, - "end": 500 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IRC Protection Monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9274521470069885, - "start": 514, - "end": 518 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6036451458930969, - "start": 523, - "end": 524 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female headed households", - "confidence": 0.7880762219429016, - "start": 530, - "end": 533 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.899721086025238, - "start": 588, - "end": 589 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9752687215805054, - "start": 523, - "end": 524 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee women", - "confidence": 0.8245925307273865, - "start": 596, - "end": 598 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection sector data", - "confidence": 0.9434303641319275, - "start": 639, - "end": 642 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.7125304341316223, - "start": 665, - "end": 668 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIMS", - "confidence": 0.6521658897399902, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5806951522827148, - "start": 705, - "end": 706 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people", - "confidence": 0.5883280038833618, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "majority of which are refugees, were not able to pay their rent and 55% had to reduce spending/not pay\ntheir rent.\n\nLandlords have increased pressure and threats to pay rent through verbal abuse and harassment. These\ncircumstances have pushed people towards harmful coping mechanisms as the vast majority of persons\nespecially among the most vulnerable groups are facing extreme difficulties in paying for food, rent and\nhealth services including testing for COVID-19 and treatments.\n\n**Challenges to Reporting GBV Incidents and Effect of Remote Modality of Service Delivery**\n\nIncidents of Gender-Based Violence have been on the rise this year in comparison to 2019, nevertheless,\nmany incidents continue to go under-reported. **GBVIMS data indicates that 43% (2020) of survivors**\n**reported incidents of GBV more than one month after it occurred.** The conditions and restrictions in\nplace due to COVID-19 have directly impacted survivors of GBV, especially among women and girls.\nAnalysis suggests that this is due to the following; 1) survivors sharing the house with the perpetrator, in\nthe majority of the time, being an intimate partner or family member, 2) restriction of movement and\ndifficulty in accessing communication means due to the sharing of phones among several family members,\n3) lack of privacy and 4) lack of resources to afford related communication costs.\n\nFurthermore, according to a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on GBV programming in Lebanon\nconducted by the SGBV Task Force in December 2020 [11], indicates that GBV services were affected by the\npandemic, 50% of the respondents stated that their organization was not able to reach the same number\nof people in need in 2019 (with the comparable level of resources and funding). Moreover, respondents\nalso mentioned that some illiterate people, women and girls are facing very hard socio-economic\nconditions and survivors of intimate partner violence obliged to live with their perpetrators during\nlockdown periods were also affected by the shift to the remote modality.\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n - Ensure that quality case management services continue to be available through remote modality,\nregardless of lockdown measures, with exceptions to urgent and high risks cases for in person\ncase management modality.\n\n - Strengthen community protection mechanisms to ensure that vulnerable populations, especially\npersons that identify as LGBTIQ+, persons with disabilities, women head of households and street\nconnected children have access to required services, such as health care, livelihood and case\nmanagement.\n\n - Strengthen coordination efforts to ensure availability of services to persons with disabilities and\nelderly including in informal settlements and Palestinian camps and gatherings.\n\n - Strengthen the collaboration with the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support sector for the\navailability of Mental health and Psychosocial services to all persons, including those most\naffected in the areas of Beirut/Mount Lebanon.\n\n - Foster collaboration and promote joint initiatives with Child Protection actors to mitigate the risks\nof GBV against children including adolescent girls/boys and in particular against sexual abuse and\nexploitation.\n\n\n11 Impact of COVID-19 on GBV Programming, SGBV Task Force, Lebanon, January 2021\nhttps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/84989\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Ensure wide dissemination jointly with the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) Sectors (i.e.\nHealth, WASH, Livelihood and Basic Assistance) of information on Protection (hotline, available\nservices and legal aid) from sexual exploitation and abuse and safety messages in particular to\nwomen, girls and groups at risk.\n\n- Evaluate the effectiveness of access to remote activities for women, girls and marginalized groups\nand develop a plan to improve inclusiveness of remote activities.\n\n- Increase efforts to raise awareness on online safety, harassment and blackmail especially among\nwomen and girls.\n\n- Increase of capacity building efforts to the Internal Security Forces (ISF) who are responding to\nthe domestic violence (1745) hotline by ensuring that protective measures are put in place for all\nsurvivors including the process of referrals.\n\n- Increase capacity building efforts to front line staff on the modality of remote Case Management\nServices and Psychosocial services in particular to women, girls and vulnerable groups at risk.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1523f8a-494b-3f8c-a24c-d99244332c6f/GBVIMS_Annual%20Overview%20of%20Incidents%20of%20GBV%20in%20Relation%20to%20Lebanons%20Situation_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_418/raw/doc_418_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_418/raw/doc_418_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0244169b6b24e1201dea603c9ded9239128d9dd2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_418/raw/doc_418_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,646 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "21 March 2022\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System**\n\n## **Annual Overview of Incidents of GBV in Relation to Lebanon\u2019s Situation**\n\n# **2021**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nThe multiple crises affecting Lebanon throughout 2021 have worsened the overall protection situation for\nSyrian refugees and refugees of other nationalities and deepened the vulnerability of the Lebanese host\ncommunity. The deterioration in the economic condition combined with the social instability and the\nincrease in COVID cases urged vulnerable communities to increasingly rely on the humanitarian services\nas a coping mechanism to respond to their rising and emerging needs.\n\n\nThis gender-based violence information management system (GBVIMS) report [1] aims to analyze the\nincrease in reports of GBV in Lebanon as a result of the compounded crisis. Increasing poverty levels,\ngrowing family tensions, barriers in access to services and flaw in law enforcement are all considered risk\nfactors and drivers to GBV in the community. The analysis has been triangulated with other sources,\nprotection monitoring reports, studies, surveys, and assessments conducted in Lebanon such as VaSyR\n2021 preliminary findings, Law 205 on sexual harassment and RIMS reports on women and girls\u2019 barriers\nto access humanitarian services.\n\n**Profile of survivors seeking assistance**\n\nData from 2021 show that adults accounted for **89 percent** and children accounted for **11 percent of the**\n**GBV cases reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of adults and children seeking services remains\nthe same, similar to 2020. However, partners reported an increase in the number of child survivors\nespecially in certain regions (South Lebanon recorded the highest proportion of children seeking services,\nat **25 percent** in 2021). The increased number of children seeking services is probably linked to the\nincreasing risks faced by children in the current crisis but also to the increase in services available targeting\nchildren in the region. In 2021, forced marriage, psychological or emotional abuse and sexual assault were\nthe most commonly reported types of GBV incidents against children, accounting for 36 percent, 31\npercent and 18 percent of incidents, respectively .\nAccording to the preliminary findings of the 2021 \u201cVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon\u201d (VASyR), [2] 20 percent of Syrian refugee girls and women ages 15\u201319 were married in 2021. The\nsame assessment revealed that 46 percent of girls ages 15\u201324 do not attend school because they are\nmarried. After marrying, and due to the traditional gender and social norms imposed by the community,\n\n\n1\nThe data quoted above are derived from only reported cases and do not represent the total incidences or prevalence of GBV in Lebanon.\nThese statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS for data collection in implementing GBV\nresponse activities across Lebanon, with the informed consent of survivors. Thirteen organizations contributed to the trends. These data should\nnot be used for direct follow-up with survivors or additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared outside\nyour organization/agency. Should you like to use this data or access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the Inter-Agency GBVIMS\nCoordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).\n2\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary Results of the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9944438338279724, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Annual Overview of Incidents of GBV", - "confidence": 0.8810411095619202, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7051712870597839, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9821124076843262, - "start": 121, - "end": 122 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.997627317905426, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6057630777359009, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9930946826934814, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.8469799757003784, - "start": 186, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.56877601146698, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9466729164123535, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.557966411113739, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon", - "confidence": 0.9662138819694519, - "start": 410, - "end": 417 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9931434392929077, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8536391854286194, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9996161460876465, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9807867407798767, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8460410833358765, - "start": 519, - "end": 520 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Lamis Delbani", - "confidence": 0.5182904601097107, - "start": 598, - "end": 600 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9813786745071411, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9618701338768005, - "start": 631, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5218707919120789, - "start": 605, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5613023638725281, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9318570494651794, - "start": 634, - "end": 636 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e820347-74a8-4a6f-8c54-f6b1b8339fee/GBVIMS_Annual%20thematic%20report_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "many girls are deprived of opportunities and services that are not directly linked to their spousal role,\nincluding education.\n\nSyrian refugees continue to constitute the majority of the population seeking GBV services, accounting\nfor **67 percent** of all the individuals who sought out support in the first half of 2021. According to the\npreliminary findings of the 2021 \u201cVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon'' (VASyR), the\neconomic crisis and COVID-19 pushed almost the entire Syrian refugee population in the country to below\nthe survival minimum expenditure basket (SMEB), with about nine out of every 10 households surveyed\nliving in extreme poverty. Thirty one percent of the survivors seeking services were Lebanese. Lebanese\nnationals have also been newly confronted with the effects of the rapidly escalating socio economic crises,\nnotably the government\u2019s decreasing capacity to provide basic public services such electricity; water,\nhealth and sanitation services; waste management; and health care. Data triangulated with the SGBV\nsector achievements for 2021 show that there is a **25 percent** increase in the total number of beneficiaries\nfrom different nationalities accessing GBV services at the safe spaces compared to 2020, showing the\nimpact of the multi \u2013 layered crisis on marginalized groups including Syrian and Lebanese population.\n\nMost of the survivors who accessed GBV services in 2021 were female, but male survivors were also\naffected with **4 percent of men and boys reporting GBV incidents**, (a 2 percent increase compared to\n2020). Data from the GBVIMS in 2021 indicates that **8 percent** of the children subjected to GBV were\nmales. Despite the limited services designed for male engagement in GBV programming, there is an\nincrease in the reporting of male children seeking services in 2021. In addition to children, GBV case\nmanagers reported an increase in male survivors needing case management services especially in the\nsecond half of 2021.\n\nData from the GBVIMS in 2021 indicates that 2 percent of the survivors seeking GBV services are people\nwith disability. Data triangulated with the SGBV taskforce indicator analysis for 2021 shows that the\npercentage of people with disabilities is even lower than what was reported on the GBVIMS, accounting\nfor **0.2 percent** **[3]** of all the individuals who sought out support from the GBV services through accessing\nsafe spaces. People with disabilities continue to face challenges in accessing services due to several\nlimitations, including limited capacities and skills of service providers to engage people with disabilities in\nthe activities, community stigmatization and marginalization and the issue of safe spaces that may not be\nproperly equipped and rehabilitated to host people with disabilities. As a step to engage marginalized\ngroups in the GBV programming, the SGBV sector is prioritizing the inclusion of people with disabilities in\nthe current and future programs, while ensuring the engagement of organizations specialized in working\nwith people with disabilities in coordination platforms.\n\n**Most commonly reported types of GBV incidents**\n\nWomen and girls continue to be exposed to many risks and GBV types in the community including sexual\nviolence, which is further supported by data reported through the GBVIMS. In 2021, physical assault and\npsychological or emotional abuse were the most commonly reported types of GBV incidents in 2021,\naccounting for 38 percent and 32 percent of incidents, respectively. However, incidents of sexual violence,\n\n\n3\nLebanon SGBV Taskforce, SGBV Sector Indicators Analysis (2021).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9843940138816833, - "start": 67, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9944460391998291, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9958427548408508, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9998424053192139, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.912328839302063, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7595497965812683, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV\nsector achievements", - "confidence": 0.9573326110839844, - "start": 182, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6094800233840942, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9941138625144958, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9162251353263855, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9897924661636353, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9857154488563538, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9953000545501709, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SGBV taskforce indicator analysis", - "confidence": 0.871322512626648, - "start": 382, - "end": 386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "SGBV taskforce", - "confidence": 0.9147167205810547, - "start": 382, - "end": 384 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9970017075538635, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6009295582771301, - "start": 393, - "end": 396 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9387761354446411, - "start": 584, - "end": 585 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6635147929191589, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6713935732841492, - "start": 587, - "end": 588 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9665778279304504, - "start": 587, - "end": 588 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Women and girls", - "confidence": 0.6865904927253723, - "start": 555, - "end": 558 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported types of GBV incidents", - "confidence": 0.5540171265602112, - "start": 600, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7918370962142944, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9162606596946716, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9370512366294861, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e820347-74a8-4a6f-8c54-f6b1b8339fee/GBVIMS_Annual%20thematic%20report_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "combining the incidents of rape and sexual assault accounted for 17 percent of the total cases reported,\nwhich is the third highest percentage after the physical assault and psychological or emotional abuse.\n\n\nOn 31 December 2020, and after continuous advocacy on different levels, the new law on sexual\nharassment was approved. In 2021, the percentage of GBV incidents happening in public spaces such as\nworkplace, street, transport, garden and open field constituted 16 percent of the incident locations, which\nis the second highest percentage after the client\u2019s home and marking a 4 percent increase compared to\n2020, after the approval of the law. Also, the percentage of rape and sexual assault incidents perpetrated\nin public spaces such as the street and workplace increased compared to 2020. Field reports justify this\nincrease with the impacts of the compounded socio-economic crisis, where women and girls are obliged\nto work and generate income, and they are often exposed to GBV risks, including sexual violence at the\nworkplace.\n\n\nCompared to 2020, field reports indicated that there is an increase in the percentage of sexual abuse\nincidents, reported in 2021. Anecdotal evidence from the field may link this increased reporting to the\nadvanced awareness raising and information dissemination initiatives after the approval of the law, and\nthe slight but increasing knowledge about the sexual harassment law that was announced widely in the\ncountry. Other reports show that the legal disciplinary measures taken after reporting the sexual\nharassment previous incidents, aren\u2019t as expected by the survivors and the community due to the cultural\npressure and the acceptance of this type of violence in certain communities.\n\n\n_Sexual exploitation_\n\n\nIncidents of sexual exploitation and abuse may often go unreported, especially among women and girls,\nincluding female refugees and migrant workers, due to the stigma they carry, lack of information on\nreporting mechanisms and limited legal support. For refugees, such incidents may also go unreported if\nthe survivor lacks legal residency and is afraid of being arrested or deported if she/he approaches the\npolice. Increased levels of debt and difficulties in paying rent or purchasing essential items may increase\nthe risk of sexual exploitation [4] and other forms of violence among the most vulnerable populations,\nespecially refugees and marginalized members of the host community.\n\n\nIn 2021, the percentage of possible sexual exploitation accounting to 1 percent is similar to the percentage\nreported in 2020. However, the percentage of children possibly involved in sexual exploitation increased\nin 2022. Anecdotal evidence from GBV partners shows that due to the economic crisis and the lira\u2019s\ndepreciation against the US dollar, families and employers are recruiting Syrian girls instead of migrants\nfor domestic work and paying them low salaries. As more Syrian children are engaging in domestic work,\ntheir risk of sexual exploitation or abuse increases, and this is in line with the field reports of increasing\nexploitative domestic servitude incidents against working girls.\n\n\n**Issues in access to services and referrals**\n\n\nAccording to the data reported through the GBVIMS in 2021, almost half of the GBV reported incidents\n( **43 percent** ) were reported after one month of the incident. The delayed reporting is often linked to the\n\n\n4\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary Results of the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "field reports", - "confidence": 0.949248194694519, - "start": 188, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8877723217010498, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6836203336715698, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5574002861976624, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9787513613700867, - "start": 554, - "end": 555 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5566701292991638, - "start": 618, - "end": 620 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9537915587425232, - "start": 615, - "end": 620 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "s Fund, World Food Programme", - "confidence": 0.7155475616455078, - "start": 600, - "end": 606 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5655871629714966, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8518168330192566, - "start": 618, - "end": 620 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e820347-74a8-4a6f-8c54-f6b1b8339fee/GBVIMS_Annual%20thematic%20report_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "delayed disclosures from GBV survivors who might need more time to accept and process the abuse\nthey were subjected to before reporting to specialized service providers. Other reports justify this\npercentage with the heavy caseload GBV service providers are currently facing.\n\n**Security protection services** and **legal assistance services** constitute the highest percentage of most\ndeclined referrals by GBV survivors, accounting to 44 percent and 38 percent respectively. Data\ntriangulated with Referrals Information Management System report (RIMS) on women and girls\u2019 barriers\nto access humanitarian services, [5] traditional **gender norms and cultural barriers** and **access to**\n**information and services** were identified as the two main barriers identified by female key informants.\nAccording to interviewed women, gendered cultural norms often prevent women and girls from\naccessing educational, professional, or psychosocial support services including access to legal and justice\nservices. Furthermore, many intersectional dimensions further hamper vulnerable women and girls in\nneed of humanitarian assistance from accessing assistance or services, notably due to their legal or\nimmigration status, their nationality or the absence of a nationality, and/or sexual orientation as well.\n\nAdding to this, data triangulated with a study by UN Women and partner organisations on **Access to**\n**Justice for Sexual and Gender Based Violence case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon** **[6]** **,** It was commonly\nreported by both interviewed men and women that they tend to resolve the GBV reports/ incidents\ninternally in case the GBV is perpetrated within the household, before bringing the case to court. This is\nreflective of social pressures, fears associated with a lack of documentation, financial constraints to\nengaging in the legal system, and the fact that informal justice processes take less time to reach an\noutcome, even if the outcome is not in the favor of women and/ or the survivor\u2019s needs. The same study\nreveals that LGBTIQ+ Syrian refugee women, despite of the significant GBV risks they are facing in the\ncommunity, confront significant barriers to accessing the formal justice system due to their gender\nidentity and/or sexual orientation, in addition to the fear of being criminilized because of their sexual\nand gender identity due to the existing laws and the Lebanese penal code.\n\n**Recommendations**\n\nThe Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence Task Force offers the following recommendations for\nsafeguarding at-risk populations and responding to survivors\u2019 needs based on the data reported through\nthe GBVIMS during the year of 2021:\n\n\n - Ensure proper implementation of the sexual harassment law through active coordination\nbetween GBV actors and legal actors throughout the case management process.\n\n - Strengthen the dissemination of information related to the sexual harassment law and ensure\nawareness raising sessions in PSS activities.\n\n - Strengthen and increase the gender-sensitive discussions and provide systematic and ongoing\ntraining for legal professionals and other justice actors on women\u2019s rights, refugee rights, existing\nGBV laws, Lebanon\u2019s international obligations under human rights frameworks, referral\nmechanisms, gendered experiences of justice, and the needs of survivors.\n\n\n5\nDanish Refugee Council. Referrals Information Management System. \u201cWOMEN\u2019S BARRIERS TO ACCESS HUMANITARIAN SERVICES.\u201d\n6\nUN Women, _\u201cJustice for me is living free and as a human being\"_ - An Analytical Study of Access to Justice for Sexual and Gender-Based\n[Violence case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. Accessed at: UN Women Lebanon and partners - SGBV A2J - 2022.pdf](https://arabstates.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/UN%20Women%20Lebanon%20and%20partners%20-%20SGBV%20A2J%20-%202022.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Referrals Information Management System report", - "confidence": 0.963727593421936, - "start": 82, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6771355867385864, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIMS", - "confidence": 0.7860821485519409, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.5049905180931091, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data reported through\nthe GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.5130713582038879, - "start": 468, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Force", - "confidence": 0.6435245871543884, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7476667761802673, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9981347322463989, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e820347-74a8-4a6f-8c54-f6b1b8339fee/GBVIMS_Annual%20thematic%20report_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Establish a monitoring mechanism throughout the case management process for organizations to\ndocument the procedures, outcomes, and experiences of women in informal justice systems, in\naddition to women\u2019s human rights violations.\n\n- Strengthen timely and safe referrals across sectors, and to the GBV sector, through capacity\nbuilding on GBV core concepts, including disclosures and safe and ethical referrals.\n\n- Raise awareness to service providers and across different sectors on the importance and criticality\nof immediate reporting to GBV case management services.\n\n- Scale up the mainstreaming of GBV and SEA awareness and risk mitigation in targeted sectors and\nprograms, including advanced awareness raising on the enforcement sexual harassment law to\ninstitutional actors and police officers.\n\n- Collaborate and promote joint initiatives among GBV actors, child protection actors and the\nMinistry of Social Affairs in working groups and coordination platforms to mitigate the risk of GBV,\nespecially sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n- Strengthen the collaboration between GBV sector and Ministry of Social Affairs, to introduce the\nGBV services and improve Lebanese women and girls\u2019 access to GBV services.\n\n- Adapt the complaints and feedback mechanisms to barriers women face, to be able to capture\nchallenges that women and girls face in accessing services, in a more systematic manner.\n\n- Raise awareness about GBV to service providers, especially those in direct contact with women\nand girls such as forensic doctors, nurses, CMR service providers, to strengthen access to sexual\nand reproductive health services and sanitary need for women and adolescent girls.\n\n- Increase the availability of CMR services across health centers, to cover the demanding and\nincreasing needs of survivors, especially in border areas and areas that suffer from deficiency in\nhumanitarian services.\n\n- Raise awareness on the needs and particular services that LGBTIQ people require, and ensure that\nfrontliners, those in direct contact with survivors and case workers have the necessary\ninformation to engage with LGBTIQ survivors in crisis, through training and capacity building.\n\n- Strengthen community based approaches such as outreach and scale up the work with community\nvolunteers and committees to ensure improved access to services and information for women and\ngirls.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8e820347-74a8-4a6f-8c54-f6b1b8339fee/GBVIMS_Annual%20thematic%20report_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_419/raw/doc_419_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_419/raw/doc_419_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b5d03508ac7a7a42a1efe0c8666ded992553617c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_419/raw/doc_419_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **GENDER**\n\n**IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION**\n\nAsia and the Pacific\n\n### Charting a Path for LGBTIQ+ Justice in\n# Humanitarian Response in Asia and the Pacific\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUBLICATION SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\nThis advocacy brief is a product of collaboration between members of the Gender in Humanitarian\nAction Working Group and Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Working Group. It is primarily\ninformed by the research and contributions of Edge Effect and Outright International, ILGA Asia,\nand Equal Asia Foundation.\n\n**Author:** Ceren Bulduk\n**COVER PHOTO** | Photo: Dia Yonzon\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### SUMMARY\n\nLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and\nqueer (LGBTIQ+) [1] individuals face challenges\nacross different crises, including armed conflicts,\ndisasters, and migration, and forced displacement.\nAs in other regions, LGBTIQ+ communities in Asia\nand the Pacific are vulnerable to various forms of\ndiscrimination and violence, which are both similar\nto and distinct from other individuals and groups\nin humanitarian emergencies. These vulnerabilities\nstem from pre-existing inequalities, discrimination,\nand violence that are frequently exacerbated during\ncrises, and are shaped by multiple intersecting\nfactors, such as gender identity and expression,\nsexual orientation, sex characteristics, race,\nethnicity, religion, disability, age, and displacement\nstatus, among others. Yet, humanitarian agencies\nstruggle to fully understand and effectively respond\nto the diverse needs of LGBTIQ+ individuals.\n\n\nThis advocacy brief is a product of collaboration\nbetween Gender in Humanitarian Action\nWorking Group and Gender-Based Violence in\nEmergencies Working Group in Asia and the Pacific\nregion. It is primarily informed by the research\nand contributions of Edge Effect and Outright\nInternational, ILGA Asia, and Equal Asia Foundation.\nIt underscores a number of significant challenges\nfaced by LGBTIQ+ communities in Asia and the\nPacific region, addresses some of the major barriers\nto achieving LGBTIQ+ inclusion in humanitarian\nresponse, and calls on humanitarian organizations\nto prioritize the protection and inclusion of LGBTIQ+\ncommunities in their response efforts.\n\n\n[1] The terms LGBTIQ+ or diverse SOGIESC (sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and\n\nsex characteristics) are used in global contexts. However, neither term is universally applicable nor\n\nreflects the full diversity of sexual and gender formations, practices, and identities that exist. These\n\nterms and their usage are constantly evolving, and SOGIESC applies to all people. In practice, various\n\nculturally, linguistically, and context-specific terms may be used where appropriate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4** [|] CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC\n\n\n### CHALLENGES FACED BY LGBTIQ+ COMMUNITIES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DURING CRISES\n\nAs in other regions, in Asia and the Pacific, LGBTIQ+\nindividuals encounter a range of challenges across\nvarious crises, including armed conflicts, postconflict contexts, disasters leading to migration\nand displacement, shaped by multiple intersecting\nfactors including gender, sexual orientation,\nsex characteristics, race, ethnicity, religion,\ndisability, age, and displacement status. [2] These\nvulnerabilities include, but are not limited to,\nincreased risks of gender-based violence (GBV),\ndisruption of community networks, and patterns of\ncriminalization, stigmatization and discrimination\nthat are reflected in response efforts. These issues\nexpose them to further marginalization in settings\nsuch as borders, camps, temporary shelters, and aid\ndistribution areas, where the traditional distinction\nbetween public and private spaces is dismantled. [3]\n\n\nIn the context of conflicts, LGBTIQ+ individuals\nbecome targets of various types of violence,\nincluding but not limited to, sexual violence, torture,\nbeatings, and exploitation. [4] Intersecting factors\ninfluence an individual\u2019s susceptibility to GBV, as well\nas the range of risks and vulnerabilities they face,\nincluding in conflicts and prison/detention contexts.\nLBQ women and transgender men encounter\n\n\n[2] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024, [\u2018They Know What We Don\u2019t\u2019: Meaningful Inclusion of](https://outrightinternational.org/our-work/human-rights-research/they-know-what-we-dont-meaningful-inclusion-lgbtiq-people)\n\n[LGBTIQ People in Humanitarian Action](https://outrightinternational.org/our-work/human-rights-research/they-know-what-we-dont-meaningful-inclusion-lgbtiq-people) ; ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023, [Afghanistan Briefng Paper:](https://www.ilgaasia.org/news/2023/10/4/briefing-paper-lgbtiq-rights-in-afghanistan)\n\n[Too Many to be Given Safe Passage, Too Few to be Part of Humanitarian Response](https://www.ilgaasia.org/news/2023/10/4/briefing-paper-lgbtiq-rights-in-afghanistan) ; Dwyer 2021,\n\n[The Only Way is Up: Monitoring and Encouraging Diverse SOGIESC Inclusion in the Humanitarian](https://www.edgeeffect.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TheOnlyWayIsUp_Web.pdf)\n\n[and DRR Sectors](https://www.edgeeffect.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TheOnlyWayIsUp_Web.pdf) ; Humanitarian Advisory Group 2018, [Taking Sexual and Gender Minorities Out](https://humanitarianadvisorygroup.org/insight/taking-sexual-and-gender-minorities-out-of-the-too-hard-basket/)\n\n[Of The Too-Hard Basket](https://humanitarianadvisorygroup.org/insight/taking-sexual-and-gender-minorities-out-of-the-too-hard-basket/) ; Peace and Justice Network Pakistan 2023, A Sensitization Booklet for\n\nHumanitarian Organizations for Transgender Community Inclusion in Floods and Disaster Response.\n\n\n[3] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024; ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023; Dwyer 2021;\n\nHumanitarian Advisory Group 2018; ICRC and NRC 2023, [\u201cThat Never Happens Here\u201d: Sexual](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/sexual-gender-violence-against-men-boys-lgbtiq)\n\n[and Gender-Based Violence Against Men, Boys and/Including LGBTIQ+ people in Humanitarian](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/sexual-gender-violence-against-men-boys-lgbtiq)\n\n[Settings](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/sexual-gender-violence-against-men-boys-lgbtiq) ; Peace and Justice Network Pakistan 2023; Rumbach and Knight 2014, Sexual and Gender\n\nMinorities in Humanitarian Emergencies.\n\n\n[4] Serrano Amaya 2018, Homophobic Violence in Armed Conflict and Political Transition; Daigle and\n\nMyrttinen 2018, Bringing Diverse Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) into Peacebuilding\n\nPolicy and Practice; HRW 2020, [\u201cThey Treated Us in Monstrous Ways\u201d: Sexual Violence Against](https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/07/29/they-treated-us-monstrous-ways/sexual-violence-against-men-boys-and-transgender)\n\n[Men, Boys, and Transgender Women in the Syrian Confict](https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/07/29/they-treated-us-monstrous-ways/sexual-violence-against-men-boys-and-transgender) ; Maydaa et al. 2020, [Impacts of the](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dc436cb2cf9b86e830bb03b/t/5fe3789a99adbc5413cd5f20/1608743079483/IMPACTS+OF+THE+SYRIAN+CIVIL+WAR+AND+DISPLACEMENT+ON+SOGIESC+POPULATIONS+_+MOSAIC+_+GCRF.pdf)\n\n[Syrian Civil War and Displacement on SOGIESC Populations](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dc436cb2cf9b86e830bb03b/t/5fe3789a99adbc5413cd5f20/1608743079483/IMPACTS+OF+THE+SYRIAN+CIVIL+WAR+AND+DISPLACEMENT+ON+SOGIESC+POPULATIONS+_+MOSAIC+_+GCRF.pdf), Bulduk 2023, The Violence of War:\n\nIntensifications of Bodies and Political Communities.\n\n\n[5] ICRC 2022.\n\n\n\nunique challenges, including the risk of so-called\n\u2018corrective rape\u2019, and unwanted pregnancies from\nrape, as well as forced heterosexual marriage. [5]\nFor example, in Myanmar, transgender women of\nRohingya background were subjected to various\nforms of sexual violence, including rape. [6] However,\nwhile women and girls are subjected to widespread\nGBV and make up the majority of survivors of\nsexual violence globally, research has shown that\nadolescent boys, especially those with diverse sexual\norientation, gender identity, gender expression,\nand sex characteristics (SOGIESC), also experience\nsexual violence, including sexual exploitation in\nhumanitarian settings. [7]\n\n\nIn prison or detention settings, LGBTIQ+\nindividuals face increased vulnerability not only\nto GBV perpetrated by security guards, but also\nto potential violence from other detainees. [8] This\nwas exemplified in Myanmar following the coup in\n2021. [9] Sex-based segregation within prison and\ndetention facilities exposes particularly transgender\nwomen and gay men in men\u2019s facilities to potential\nviolence and abuse from fellow detainees. [10] This\nvulnerability is compounded by barriers to access\nto services and reporting barriers, which may be\nexacerbated in detention settings due to the fear of\nfurther punishment and continued proximity to the\nperpetrator, as well as existing power imbalances\nand a pervasive culture of silence. [11]\n\n\nFaced with persecution and suppression, many\nLGBTIQ+ people are forced to flee their home\ncountries despite the lack of established safe\npassages. [12] Yet, they are likely to face serious\nviolations by border and state policing in transit\nstates, including but not limited to, torture,\ntrafficking, and exploitation. [13 ] Lesbian and bisexual\nwomen in contexts where gender norms heavily\nrestrict their mobility face unique challenges\n\n\n[6] UN Women 2022, [Inputs for the Report on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Peace](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/Brief-Inputs-for-the-report-on-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-and-peace-and-security-en.pdf)\n\n[and Security Submission from UN Women to the Independent Expert on Protection Against](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/Brief-Inputs-for-the-report-on-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-and-peace-and-security-en.pdf)\n\n[Violence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/Brief-Inputs-for-the-report-on-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-and-peace-and-security-en.pdf)\n\n\n[7] UN Women and WRC 2024, [Supporting Displaced Adolescent Boys and Male Youth in All Their](https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/research-resources/supporting-displaced-adolescent-boys-and-male-youth-in-all-their-diversity-who-are-survivors-or-at-risk-of-sexual-exploitation-a-toolkit-for-frontline-workers-in-humanitarian-contexts/)\n\n[Diversity Who Are Survivors Or At Risk of Sexual Exploitation.](https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/research-resources/supporting-displaced-adolescent-boys-and-male-youth-in-all-their-diversity-who-are-survivors-or-at-risk-of-sexual-exploitation-a-toolkit-for-frontline-workers-in-humanitarian-contexts/)\n\n\n[8] NRM 2022, Rainbow Resilience: LGBTQI+ Lives and Civil Society in Myanmar\u2019s Coup.\n\n\n[9] Ibid.\n\n\n[10] Ibid.\n\n\n[11] ICRC 2022\n\n\n[12] Afghan LGBT 2023, [In the Shadow of the Taliban: Untold Stories of LGBTIQ+ Persecution in](https://afghanlgbt.com/en/content/oXRV/)\n\n[Afghanistan](https://afghanlgbt.com/en/content/oXRV/) ; ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023; HRW and Outright International 2022, [\u201cEven If You Go](https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/01/26/even-if-you-go-skies-well-find-you/lgbt-people-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover)\n\n[to the Skies, We\u2019ll Find You\u201d LGBT People in Afghanistan After the Taliban Takeover](https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/01/26/even-if-you-go-skies-well-find-you/lgbt-people-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover) .\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC [|] **5**\n\n\n\nwhen fleeing persecution. This is exemplified in\nAfghanistan, where mobility restrictions, coupled\nwith rules mandating male accompaniment for\nwomen, compound the challenges faced by LBQ\nwomen. [14] Even in countries of refuge, they often\nface the harsh reality of continued criminalization\nof their identities and/or societal and legal\ndiscrimination. [15] Particularly in countries where\nsame-sex relations are criminalized and punishable\nby death, such as in Pakistan and Afghanistan, it\nis common for LGBTIQ+ people to conceal their\nidentities and activities out of fear for their safety,\ncompounding the difficulties for humanitarian\npartners to work. [16] This challenge is further\nexacerbated by the fact that only 37 UN Member\nStates formally grant asylum to persons who have\nexperienced discrimination based on SOGIESC. [17]\n\n\nIn the context of disasters and humanitarian crisis,\nchallenges range from barriers to accessing justice,\nhealth, education, employment, housing, and other\nservices to facing discrimination and violence at\ntemporary shelters, as well as isolation and further\nmarginalization. [18] In shelters, LGBTIQ+ individuals\noften confront increased risks of violence and\nharassment, including in communal facilities such\nas toilets. This was observed among Rohingya\nLGBTIQ+ refugees in Cox\u2019s Bazar camps, where fear\nof threats and attacks forced them to regulate their\nuse of these facilities, often resorting to late-night or\nearly-morning visits to mitigate the risk of violence. [19]\nLikewise, the gender binary segregated service\nprovision has posed many challenges for members\nof groups that traditionally embrace non-binary\nidentities, such as the _aravani_ of India, the _waria_ of\nIndonesia, and the _bakla_ of the Philippines. [20] Many\ntransgender individuals find it nearly impossible\nto access assistance, especially when emergency\naid requires official identification documents, as\nseen during the 2022 floods in Pakistan. Most\n\n\n[13] ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023; UN Women 2023, [Migration Experiences of People with Diverse](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/policy-paper_migration-experiences-people-diverse-sogiesc-updated.pdf)\n\n[SOGIESC.](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/policy-paper_migration-experiences-people-diverse-sogiesc-updated.pdf)\n\n\n[14] ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023.\n\n\n[15] ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023; UN Women 2023; Rumbach and Knight 2014.\n\n\n[16] World Bank 2020, [Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Contexts Afected by Fragility, Confict,](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/686331588739344860/pdf/Sexual-Orientation-and-Gender-Identity-in-Contexts-Affected-by-Fragility-Conflict-and-Violence-Discussion-Paper.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0sUtmuRHMna-vsiV5wv8Cz9k9Wvn80LVhEM18CMbdD5zNRRwpDWNKg1IA)\n\n[and Violence.](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/686331588739344860/pdf/Sexual-Orientation-and-Gender-Identity-in-Contexts-Affected-by-Fragility-Conflict-and-Violence-Discussion-Paper.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0sUtmuRHMna-vsiV5wv8Cz9k9Wvn80LVhEM18CMbdD5zNRRwpDWNKg1IA)\n\n\n[17] UN Women and DESA 2023, [Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The Gender Snapshot](https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2023/09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-the-gender-snapshot-2023)\n\n[2023.](https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2023/09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-the-gender-snapshot-2023)\n\n\n[18] Dwyer 2021; Atkin et al. 2024, Queer Vulnerability and Disaster Situations.\n\n\n[19] Dwyer 2021.\n\n\n[20] Rumbach and Knight 2014; Atkin et al. 2024.\n\n\n[21] A. Saeed, [\u201cPakistan\u2019s Trans Community Battles Climate Catastrophe and Exclusion\u201d](https://dialogue.earth/en/climate/pakistans-trans-community-battles-climate-catastrophe-and-exclusion/), The Third Pole, 5\n\nMay 2023.\n\n\n\ntransgender people in Pakistan lacked identity cards\ndue to family exclusion and the omission of their\nnames from official records to avoid \u2018disgrace\u2019 in\nsociety. [21] At times, LGBTIQ+ people face public moral\nscrutiny and scapegoating, including inaccurately\nattributing blame for causing disasters. This was the\ncase in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic,\nwhen the _hijra_ [22] community was blamed for\nspreading the virus. [23]\n\n\nCrises also often affect the capacity of LGBTIQ+\norganizations and destroy informal community\nnetworks and safe spaces that are often critical\nlifelines for LGBTIQ+ people, who may avoid\nassistance provided by governments, local relief\norganizations or religious organizations due to\nfears of violence and discrimination. [24] In the face\nof persistent marginalization, including limited\naccess to education and employment opportunities,\ndiscrimination from family and society, and disrupted\nsupport networks during crises, LGBTIQ+ individuals\nare left with even fewer resources to survive crises. [25 ]\n\n\n[22] The term \u201chijra\u201d refers to people who identify as third gender and are part of South Asia\u2019s gender\n\ndiversity.\n\n\n[23] Edge Effect 2021.\n\n\n[24] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n[25] Ibid.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6** [|] CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC\n\n\n### CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING LGBTIQ+ INCLUSION IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION\n\nIn the midst of these challenges, humanitarian\nagencies often fail to fully understand and\neffectively respond to the specific needs of\nLGBTIQ+ individuals. The limited inclusion of\nLGBTIQ+ concerns in humanitarian assessments\nand response plans, combined with humanitarian\ncapacity gaps, staff prejudices, and the exclusion of\nlocal and national LGBTIQ+ organizations, are some\nof the critical issues that contribute to the failure to\nmeet the needs of LGBTIQ+ communities.\n\n\n**i. Lack of Focus on (All) LGBTIQ+**\n\n**Communities in Humanitarian Needs**\n**Assessments and Response Plans**\n\n\nHumanitarian assessments across responses and\nwithin sectoral areas, as well as humanitarian\nplanning documents, regularly exclude or mention\nLGBTIQ+ people in passing, failing to offer\nsubstantial guidance for response planning. [26] A\nreview of humanitarian response plans, needs\nassessments, and other reports from humanitarian\nsettings in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and\nVanuatu, including critical thematic focus areas\nsuch as shelter, GBV, and livelihoods, exemplifies\nthe systemic omission of LGBTIQ+ communities\nand their pressing needs within these documents. [27]\nThe failure of humanitarian needs and disaster\nrisk assessments, as well as monitoring of\nhumanitarian responses, to disaggregate data by\nsexual orientation, gender identity and expression\n\n\n[26] Dwyer 2021; Edge Effect 2021, [\u201cWe Don\u2019t Do A Lot For Them. Specifcally\u201d: A Scoping Report](https://www.edgeeffect.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WDDALFTS_FullReport_Web.pdf)\n\n[on Gaps and Opportunities for Improving Diverse SOGIESC Inclusion in Cash Transfer and](https://www.edgeeffect.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WDDALFTS_FullReport_Web.pdf)\n\n[Social Protection Programs, During the COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond](https://www.edgeeffect.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WDDALFTS_FullReport_Web.pdf) ; IASC Regional Network\n\nWorking Group on Gender in Humanitarian Action in Asia-Pacific 2017, [Integrating Gender into](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2017/11/integrating-gender-into-humanitarian-action)\n\n[Humanitarian Action: Good Practices from Asia and the Pacifc](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2017/11/integrating-gender-into-humanitarian-action) .\n\n\n[27] Dwyer 2021.\n\n\n[28] ICRC 2022.\n\n\n[29] Ibid.\n\n\n[30] ICRC 2022; UN Women and WRC 2024.\n\n\n[31] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n[32] Ibid.\n\n\n\nleads to a lack of understanding of LGBTIQ+\nindividuals\u2019 needs and programs specifically\ndesigned to target their needs. Even in matters of\nprotection, humanitarian agencies fail to recognize\nLGBTIQ+ people as survivors of GBV in their\nneeds assessments and response programming,\nperpetuating their marginalization and denying\nthem access to critical services or tailoring services\nto their specific needs. [28] When programs exist,\nevidence suggests that services purportedly\ntargeting LGBTIQ+ communities in the humanitarian\nsector are in fact primarily tailored for gay men or\nmen who have sex with men. [29] The focus on gay\nmen overlooks the needs of other groups such as\nlesbians, transgender individuals, intersex people,\nand non-binary individuals, as well as issues such as\nthe sexual exploitation of LGBTIQ+ adolescent boys\nand male youth. [30] When LGBTIQ+ individuals are\noverlooked in assessments and plans, humanitarian\nresponses can even exacerbate pre-existing\ndiscrimination and exclusion against LGBTIQ+\nindividuals. For example, LGBTIQ+ people may face\ndanger and harassment in shelters, toilets, and\nsanitation facilities that are segregated based on\na binary logic of gender. Likewise, the allocation of\nassistance based on a heteronormative definition\nof a household or a family that ignores same-sex\ncouples or groups of LGBTIQ+ people who function\nas chosen families reinforces marginalization. [31]\nLesbian couples in Manila, for instance, were denied\nfood packages during the COVID-19 lockdown\nbecause there were no men or children in the\nhousehold, so they did not meet the definition of\n\u2018family\u2019. [32]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian assessments", - "confidence": 0.6474742889404297, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "limited inclusion of\nLGBTIQ+ concerns", - "confidence": 0.6254901885986328, - "start": 62, - "end": 68 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+ individuals", - "confidence": 0.8743349313735962, - "start": 57, - "end": 60 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian response plans", - "confidence": 0.5626031160354614, - "start": 187, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5245494246482849, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+ people", - "confidence": 0.8908886313438416, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC [|] **7**\n\n##### COUNTRY TO WATCH:\n## MYANMAR\n\n\nLGBTIQ+ people in Myanmar have long faced\nsocietal ostracism and discrimination, resulting in\ndisproportionately poor outcomes in employment,\neducation, health, and overall well-being even\nbefore the current crisis. [33] Despite the remarkable\nprogress made by the LGBTIQ+ community, the\ncountry\u2019s penal code still prohibits same-sex\nrelations and imposes harsh penalties. Since\nthe military takeover in February 2021, there\nhave been reports of escalating attacks, arrests,\nsexual violence, and torture against LGBTIQ+\nindividuals. [34] Even before the takeover, the mental\nhealth of the LGBTIQ+ community in Myanmar\nwas concerning, with alarming rates of suicidality,\nself-harm, depression, and anxiety, which has been\nexacerbated by the ongoing crisis. [35]\n\n\nPeople of Rohingya background face severe\nmarginalization in Myanmar, including denial of\ncitizenship and internal displacement. LGBTIQ+\nindividuals from Rohingya background are\nspecifically targeted, including with sexual and\ngender-based violence. [36] Meanwhile, the needs\nof LGBTIQ+ individuals who have been internally\ndisplaced or who are residing in camps across\nthe border are poorly met. Many humanitarian\nresponse frameworks prioritize \u2018traditional\u2019 families\nand female-headed households, rendering LGBTIQ+\nindividuals invisible in displacement camp settings. [37 ]\n\nOther concerns include challenges to accessing HIV\nantiretroviral therapies, HIV prevention medication,\nhormone therapies for transgender people, and\nsupportive spaces where they can openly identify\nas LGBTQI+. [38] The tools developed for organizations\nto improve gender equality in programming,\nparticularly in conflict-affected and fragile contexts,\ncan assist organizations in improving inclusive\nprogramming in Myanmar. [39]\n\n\n**BOX 1: COUNTRY TO WATCH: MYANMAR**\n\n\n[33] NRM 2022.\n\n\n[34] Ibid.\n\n\n[35] Ibid.\n\n\n[36] UN Women 2022.\n\n\n[37] NRM 2022.\n\n\n[38] Ibid.\n\n\n[39] UN Women 2024b, [Understanding and Applying Gender Concepts in Myanmar for More](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/04/understanding-and-applying-gender-concepts-in-myanmar)\n\n[Inclusive Programming.](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/04/understanding-and-applying-gender-concepts-in-myanmar)\n\n\n**Photo: UN Women/Stuart Mannion**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8** [|] CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC\n\n\n\nEssential Minimum Standards:\n\n\n- Identify and address the needs and experiences\nof LGBTIQ+ individuals in humanitarian needs\nassessments and response plans, in partnerships\nwith local and national LGBTIQ+ organizations and\nactivists.\n\n\n- Ensure that LGBTIQ+ individuals are included\nin all thematic and cluster areas, by involving\nthem in consultations and decision-making\nprocesses across all themes and clusters. This\nincludes, among others, providing separate\nand safe shelters and sanitation facilities,\naddressing specific health needs such as HIV/AIDS\nmedications and hormone therapy, developing\nsafe space programs, providing adequate\nlivelihood support, and providing survivor-centred\nand multi-sectoral responses to GBV. [40]\n\n\n- Integrate more targeted programming into\nresponse plans to effectively address the diverse\nneeds of all members of LGBTIQ+ communities.\n\n\n[40] See, for example, WRC 2021, [Addressing Sexual Violence Against Men, Boys, and LGBTIQ+](https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/research-resources/addressing-sexual-violence-against-men-boys-lgbtiq-persons-in-humanitarian-settings-guidance-note/)\n\n[Persons in Humanitarian Settings: A Field-Friendly Guidance Note by Sector](https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/research-resources/addressing-sexual-violence-against-men-boys-lgbtiq-persons-in-humanitarian-settings-guidance-note/) (on multisectoral\n\nresponses for SGBV) and UNHCR 2021, [Need to Know Guidance: Working with Lesbian, Gay,](https://www.refworld.org/policy/opguidance/unhcr/2021/en/123840)\n\n[Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer Persons in Forced Displacement](https://www.refworld.org/policy/opguidance/unhcr/2021/en/123840) (on addressing\n\nprotection needs for LGBTIQ+ displaced persons); and Dwyer 2021 (on shelter).\n\n\n[41] Dwyer 2021.\n\n\n[42] UN Women 2024a (forthcoming), Building the Evidence on Violence Against Persons Based on\n\nSOGIESC: Data Collection Challenges and Opportunities; ICRC 2022.\n\n\n[42] ICRC 2022; WRC 2021.\n\n\n[44] UN Women 2024a (forthcoming); Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n[45] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n[46] Ibid.\n\n\n\n**ii. Capacity Gaps and Staff Prejudices**\n\n\nAnother significant issue concerns humanitarian\ncapacity gaps and staff prejudices. [41] Humanitarian\norganizations have not fully developed the capacity\nto meet the needs of LGBTIQ+ people, nor have\nthey addressed staff prejudices. For example, GBV\ninflicts profound physical, mental, psychosocial, and\nsocioeconomic damage on survivors. [42] However,\nthere is a significant gap in both services and\nadequately trained staff available to support\nLGBTIQ+ individuals. [43] There is particularly a\ncapacity gap in understanding the diversity among\nLGBTIQ+ individuals and how forms of violence tend\nto hinge on the sexuality and/or gender identity\nor expression of the victim/survivor. [44] Moreover,\nnorms and prejudice can also inhibit staff from\nfulfilling duties and providing services, preventing\nresources from reaching LGBTIQ+ individuals. [45]\nTherefore, service provision continues to be\ninsufficient when staff lack appropriate training\nto respond proactively and intentionally to the\nneeds of LGBTIQ+ individuals, hold discriminatory\nprejudices against them, or fail to understand the\nunique risks and experiences they face, as well as\nthe scope and gravity of these issues.\n\n\nEssential Minimum Standards:\n\n\n- Build organizational and staff capacity to address\nthe needs and protect and promote the human\nrights of LGBTIQ+ people during humanitarian\nemergencies.\n\n\n- Collaborate with LGBTIQ+ organizations in\ndeveloping training programs to build staff\ncapacity. This engagement not only ensures\nthat trainings are informed by lived experiences,\nbut it also serves as a tool for strengthening\nrelationships and trust between humanitarian\norganizations and local LGBTIQ+ organizations. [46]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHARTING A PATH FOR LGBTIQ+ JUSTICE IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC [|] **9**\n\n\n\n**iii. Barriers to the Inclusion of Local and**\n\n**National LGBTIQ+ Organizations in**\n**Humanitarian Response**\n\n\nLGBTIQ+ organizations face significant obstacles\nto their full inclusion in humanitarian response.\nThese include, but are not limited to, exclusion\nfrom international coordination mechanisms,\ndifficulties in legal registration (which is essential\nfor accessing funding opportunities), capacity gaps,\nlack of funding, and a lack of existing relationships\nand trust with international humanitarian actors. [47]\nHowever, LGBTIQ+ organizations play important\nroles in the humanitarian landscape, providing\ncritical support to LGBTIQ+ communities during\nhumanitarian emergencies and crises. They have\ninvaluable knowledge of the diverse needs in these\ncommunities and have trusting relationships with\nthem. There are several examples from Asia and\nthe Pacific region where local and national LGBTIQ+\norganizations filled gaps in humanitarian response\nand played critical roles in assisting LGBTIQ+\ncommunities during crises and emergencies. For\ninstance, LGBTIQ+ organizations supported access\nto safe housing for members of the at-risk network,\nprovided emergency cash and food assistance,\nassisted detainees with legal matters, ensured\nthat anti-retroviral medication was available for\nHIV-positive detainees and other community\nmembers with access concerns after the 2021 coup\nin Myanmar. [48] During the COVID-19 pandemic,\nlocal LGBTIQ+ organizations provided much of the\nassistance reaching the LGBTIQ+ communities in\nBangladesh. [49] The active involvement of local and\nnational LGBTIQ+ organizations is especially crucial,\ngiven that LGBTIQ+ communities often prefer\nto receive services from organizations they trust\nand perceive as understanding their concerns. [50]\nNotably, several partnerships have been formed\nbetween national/local LGBTIQ+ organizations and\ninternational humanitarian actors, including in Nepal\nand Myanmar, to facilitate the inclusion of LGBTIQ+\norganizations in humanitarian response efforts. [51]\nIn fact, when LGBTIQ+ organizations have closer\nrelations with humanitarian systems, there are signs\nof progress in the LGBTIQ+ inclusion in services. [52]\n\n\n[47] Ibid.\n\n\n[48] NRM 2022.\n\n\n[49] Edge Effect 2021.\n\n\n[50] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024; Rumbach and Knight 2014.\n\n\n[51] Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n[52] Dwyer 2021.\n\n\n[53] See for best practices: Edge Effect and Outright International 2024.\n\n\n\nEssential Minimum Standards:\n\n\n- Support the participation of local and national\nLGBTIQ+ organizations in humanitarian and\ndisaster risk reduction programs by providing\nfunding and capacity-building assistance,\nestablishing strong partnerships, as well as\nwhen conducting analyses and forming cluster\nworking groups. These measures not only help to\nfoster trusting relationships, but also allow these\norganizations to effectively meet the needs of\nLGBTIQ+ communities during crises.\n\n\n- Invest in forming partnerships before crises occur,\nand develop flexible funding mechanisms. These\nare crucial in supporting LGBTIQ+ organizations,\nparticularly those that operate informally. [53]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### COUNTRY TO WATCH:\n## AFGHANISTAN\n\nSince the Taliban de facto authorities assumed\npower in Afghanistan in 2021, they have\nenforced a strict gender order that forbids\nsame-sex relations and transgender identities\nunder their interpretation of Sharia law. [54]\nThere have been alarming reports of grave\nhuman rights violations against LGBTIQ+\nindividuals in Afghanistan including death\nthreats, harassment, extortion, arrests and\nsexual violence. [55] They endure psychological\ntrauma and challenges in reporting and\nseeking justice, as well as societal and familial\nprejudice. [56] LBQ women face particularly\ndifficult challenges in Afghanistan due to\nthe laws restricting their mobility, requiring\nthem to be accompanied by a male (mahram)\ncompanion in public places unless necessary. [57]\nDespite the absence of established safe\npassages, a large number of LGBTIQ+ people\nare compelled to flee due to persecution and\nsuppression. However, they continue to face\nviolence and discrimination from border and\nstate policing in transit states as well as in\ncountries of refuge, where they also face the\nthreat of deportation. [58]\n\n\n**BOX 2: COUNTRY TO WATCH: AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n[54] Afghan LGBT 2023.\n\n\n[55] ILGA Asia, Afghanistan: [\u201cOne Year of the Taliban Rule and the Unknown Future of LGBTIQ Lives\u201d](https://www.ilgaasia.org/news/afghanistan-one-year-of-the-taliban-rule-2022?rq=afghanistan),\n\n19 August 2022.\n\n\n[56] Afghan LGBT 2023.\n\n\n[57] ILGA Asia and Stonewall 2023.\n\n\n[58] Ibid.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Photo: UN Women/Sayed Habib Bidell.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### CALL TO ACTION\n\nIn Asia and the Pacific, LGBTIQ+ individuals\nencounter a wide range of challenges in crisis\ncontexts, which persist along a continuum\nof violence and discrimination experienced\nbefore, during, and after crises. This includes\nincreased risks of GBV, economic insecurity,\nand exclusion from relief programming, among\nothers. Yet, despite emerging good practices\namong humanitarian organizations, challenges\nremain in achieving meaningful LGBTIQ+\ninclusion in humanitarian action in the region.\nThese challenges include, but are not limited\nto, the exclusion of LGBTIQ+ communities from\nhumanitarian needs and response planning,\ncapacity gaps, staff prejudices, and barriers\nto LGBTIQ+ organizations\u2019 participation in\nhumanitarian response, among others. However,\nto ensure an inclusive response, humanitarian\nagencies must prioritize LGBTIQ+ inclusion in\ntheir efforts and address the challenges faced by\nLGBTIQ+ individuals. By thoroughly incorporating\nLGBTIQ+ concerns into all stages of planning,\nassessment, and implementation processes,\nand by addressing capacity gaps within their\norganizations, humanitarian agencies can make\nsignificant progress toward bridging the inclusion\ngap. Furthermore, by promoting meaningful\nengagement with local and national LGBTIQ+\norganizations and assisting them in overcoming\nbarriers to their full inclusion, humanitarian\nactors can effectively address the unique needs\nof these communities while also promoting\ntheir full potential as important actors in the\nhumanitarian landscape.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### RESOURCES\n\n\n[1] [Asia Pacifc Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group, response](https://response.reliefweb.int/asia-and-pacific/gender-humanitarian-action-working-group)\n\n[2] [Edge Efect](http://www.edgeeffect.org/)\n\n[3] [Equal Asia Foundation](https://equalasiafoundation.org/)\n\n[4] [Gender-Based Violence Area of Responsibility](https://gbvaor.net/)\n\n[5] [ILGA Asia](https://www.ilgaasia.org/)\n\n[6] [ILGA Asia and Stonewall Safar Programme](https://www.ilgaasia.org/news/safarlaunch)\n\n[7] [Outright International](https://outrightinternational.org/)\n\n[8] [UN Women Asia-Pacifc | Advancement of human rights of LGBTIQ+ people](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/focus-areas/Advancement-of-human-rights-of-LGBTIQ-people)\n\n\n**Participants are seen at a Pride march in Timor-Leste on 29**\n\n**June, 2017. Photo: UN Women/Felix Maia**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef94e3a5-5ce9-4254-bfc0-445c61052278/GIHAWG_GBVAoR_Charting%20a%20Path%20for%20LGBTIQ%2B%20Justice%20in%20Humanitarian%20Response%20in%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_42/raw/doc_42_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_42/raw/doc_42_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4b73ad34a76534b6158d05b21055adf0c22ad5fc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_42/raw/doc_42_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,856 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Contents**\n\n\nAcknowledgements\b 2\nContext\b 3\nKey findings\b 3\nKey recommendations \b 5\nGeneral protection\b 6\nAccountability to affected people\b 10\nChild protection \b 14\nGender-based violence\b 17\nMethodology \b 21\nEndnotes\b 23\n\n# **Acknowledgements**\n\n\nThe analysis of general protection and AAP data was supported by Jad Ghosn (UNHCR). Principal authors:\nMeron Yared, Associate Reporting Officer and Mohammed Ghafour, Community-Based Protection Officer. The\nanalysis of the child protection data was developed by the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Regional Office in\ncollaboration with UNHCR. Principal author: Anja Teltschik (Protection Specialist - Monitoring, Evaluation and\nData) and Sergii Lavrukhin (Community-Based Protection Officer) with support from Marco Delogu (independent\nUNICEF consultant) and Meghan Ingram (UNICEF Child protection consultant). The GBV Analysis was\ndeveloped by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Eastern Europe and Central Asia Regional Office\n(EECARO). Principal author: Mariana Santoyo Baham\u00f3n (GBV in Emergencies Preparedness Specialist) with\nsupport from Hassan Eini-Zinab (Population and Development Programme Analyst), Ana Ara\u00fajo (Regional GBV\nin Emergencies Specialist) and Annie Waweru (GBV in Emergencies Specialist). The analysis of gender and\npeople with disabilities was developed by UN Women, Principal author: Arianna Pearlstein (Research\nConsultant). The work on the chapter was coordinated and reviewed by UNHCR, Olga Vorontsova-Mykhailova,\nSenior Community-Based Protection Officer, and Jad Ghosn, Senior Information Management Officer.\n\n\n**Cover photograph:**\n\nUkrainian refugee Maryna, once head of supplies at a building materials company, fled with her daughter and\nother families to escape the war\u2019s explosions. She organized a convoy of four cars, including her sister-in-law,\nbest friend, and their children. They are now living in Romania and received cash assistance from UNHCR when\nthey arrived.\n\u00a9 UK for UNHCR/Ioana Epure\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "general protection and AAP data", - "confidence": 0.949946939945221, - "start": 63, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Meron Yared", - "confidence": 0.6521359086036682, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Context", - "confidence": 0.71586674451828, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\b", - "confidence": 0.7339054346084595, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "child protection data", - "confidence": 0.8872081637382507, - "start": 98, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Anja Teltschik", - "confidence": 0.6983188390731812, - "start": 120, - "end": 122 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe and Central Asia", - "confidence": 0.5064675807952881, - "start": 106, - "end": 110 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9764518737792969, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mariana Santoyo Baham\u00f3n", - "confidence": 0.9808093309402466, - "start": 188, - "end": 191 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Europe and Central Asia", - "confidence": 0.6957549452781677, - "start": 174, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "analysis of gender and\npeople with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8029860258102417, - "start": 231, - "end": 238 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Arianna Pearlstein", - "confidence": 0.8568978905677795, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Romania", - "confidence": 0.5750147104263306, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Context**\n\n\n\nThe full-scale war in Ukraine has caused one\nof the largest displacement crises in the\nworld. Since its escalation in February 2022,\n[nearly six million refugees from Ukraine have](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\nfled to Europe alone.\n\n\nWith the objective of collecting\ncomprehensive data on the situation and\nneeds of refugees from Ukraine, UNHCR in\ncollaboration with the regional sector leads\nhas conducted a multi-sectoral needs\nassessment (MSNA) in **seven countries:**\n\n# **Key findings**\n\n\n**Accountability to Affected People**\n**(AAP):**\n\n- **82% of households were satisfied with the aid** [1]\nthey received in the three months prior to the\ninterview. However, nearly half of these\nhouseholds still fall below the poverty line,\nindicating that the aid, while appreciated, may\nnot be sufficient [2] .\n\n- Seven percent of households were dissatisfied\nwith the aid they received during the three\nmonths prior to the interview date. Of these,\n**70% were dissatisfied with financial aid \u2013** cash\nassistance (53%) and vouchers (17%)\nrespectively. Dissatisfaction with financial aid is\nparticularly prominent among households with at\nleast one household member with a disability.\n\n- **29% of refugee households faced challenges**\n**accessing information on rights, entitlements**\n**and services**, with not knowing where to look for\ninformation and not knowing which information\nsource to trust cited as the top barriers.\nHouseholds with at least one person with a\ndisability faced more barriers accessing\n\n\n\n**Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Moldova,**\n**Poland, Romania, and Slovakia.** The data\ncollection exercise focused on various\nsectors, including education, healthcare, and\nprotection.\n\nThis regional report presents **key findings**\n**related to protection**, including child\nprotection, gender-based violence, and\naccountability to affected populations.\n\n\n\ninformation, as compared to other households.\nIn general, women prefer **to access information**\n**online** rather than in person, as do most\nrefugees from Ukraine.\n\n- **While mobile messaging platforms and social**\n**media channels are the preferred means of**\n**communication** for the majority of respondents,\nvulnerable households, such as households with\nat least one person with a disability, households\ncomprised of older persons, and households\nwith limited financial means (those who are\nhosted in free accommodation provided by\ngovernment, NGOs or by a host family and\nhouseholds who have no employed family\nmember) **prefer to receive information via**\n**helpline, phone call or through face-to-face**\n**interaction** .\n\n- The top priority needs for refugees are\n**employment/livelihood, healthcare and**\n**accommodation** . However, for households who\nhave at least one member with a disability and\nfor those who have no employed family\nmembers, **food** and **healthcare** are the top two\npriority needs. Moreover, employment and\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multi-sectoral needs\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.99053555727005, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9904741644859314, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7382382154464722, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "seven countries", - "confidence": 0.777834951877594, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6456913948059082, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.5456057190895081, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data\ncollection exercise", - "confidence": 0.8844462037086487, - "start": 337, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5628356337547302, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nlivelihoods support were the highest priority\nneeds among female-led households with\nchildren and across household types.\n\n\n**Social cohesion:**\n\n- Regionally, almost **one third of respondents**\n**reported experiencing hostile behavior or**\n**attitudes** from the local population.\n\n\n**Child Protection:**\n\n\n\n\n- **Forty-eight percent of respondents reported**\n**protection concerns in their residence area** for\ngirls and boys under 18. The most reported risks\nwere neglect, psychological violence in the\ncommunity, physical violence in the community\nand worsened mental health and psychosocial\nwellbeing.\n\n\n\n\n- A **noticeable share of households (12%)** do not\nknow where to turn to when an incident of\nviolence against children occurs.\n\n\n\n\n- Children belonging to certain households face\n**greater child protection risks and have higher**\n**protection needs** than others. These\nhouseholds include households with children\nwho do not belong to a nuclear family, including\nthose who are in formal foster or family-based\ncare arrangements or those who have no\nformalized care arrangement in place;\nhouseholds with children where no household\nmember is employed; households headed by an\nolder person or by a person under the age of 25\nyears, and households with multiple risks (e.g.\nolder persons with a disability).\n\n\n\n**Gender-Based Violence (GBV):**\n\n- Women and girls cited **healthcare,**\n**accommodation, and employment** as their top\nthree priority needs. Ensuring access to these\nessential services can provide lifesaving support\nwhile reducing GBV risks. **Economic**\n**empowerment** is key in enabling women and\ngirls, including survivors of GBV, in accessing\nlifesaving healthcare and related GBV response\nservices.\n\n- The main reported barriers limiting women and\ngirls\u2019 access to services (including GBV services),\nare a **lack of awareness about available**\n**services, stigma and feelings of shame,**\n**language barriers, area of residence (urban vs.**\n**rural, with limited access to services reported**\n**in rural areas) and cultural barriers** .\n\n- Regionally, **mental health and psychosocial**\n**problems increased with age and differed by**\n**gender** . Across all age groups over 12, females\nconsistently reported higher levels of such\nproblems, highest among those aged 35 and\nolder. However, among children under age 11,\nthere were more boys with mental health\nproblems than girls.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Key recommendations**\n\n\n\n**On AAP and social cohesion:**\n\n- Ensure an inclusive approach in providing\ninformation when designing AAP and\ncommunication with communities strategies and\ntools - for example, in addition to the social\nmedia and digital communication, making sure\nthat **information is provided through helplines**\n**and in-person to the most vulnerable**\n**households.**\n\n- More work needs to be done to **maximize the**\n**follow up response to feedback and**\n**complaints.**\n\n- Design and mainstream **social cohesion**\n**programming** across sectors in the work with\nthe refugee and host communities using\nmulti-stakeholder approach.\n\n\n**On persons with disabilities**\n\n- **Additional support should be provided to**\n**households who have a member with a**\n**disability** to access essential needs while\nensuring continued access to health services.\nThese households face more challenges\nattaining essential needs such as health services\nand food, therefore these areas should\nparticularly be targeted.\n\n- Conduct further research into and take action to\n**address the information access challenges**\nfaced by households with at least one member\nwith a disability;\n\n- **Adapt information provision** in accordance with\nthe needs of the households with at least one\nmember with disability, e.g. via helpline, phone\ncall or through face-to-face interaction.\n\n\n**On child protection**\n\n- Child protection must remain a cornerstone of\nthe refugee response in host countries\nconsidering the high level of protection\nconcerns. **Host countries must increase their**\n**efforts to systematically identify and integrate**\n**refugee children** from Ukraine with protection\nneeds into their statutory child protection\n\n\n\n\n- Support and conduct an **in-depth Interagency**\n**GBV Risk Assessment to identify and reflect**\n**comprehensively on concerns of women and**\n**girls and possible mitigation strategies.** This\nassessment should also be conducted in\ndifferent accommodation settings to fully\nunderstand the living conditions and possible\nrisks of GBV for women and girls depending on\nthe type of accommodation.\n\n\n\nsystems and strengthen the systems\u2019 capacity to\nmeet their needs, improve coordination with\nother sectors and ensure preparedness.\n\n\n\n\n- National child protection authorities of refugee\nhosting countries must **ensure early**\n**identification, registration and assessment of**\n**unaccompanied and separated children**, and of\nchildren accompanied by an adult who is not\ntheir parent, in line with the best interests of the\nchild.\n\n\n\n\n- Governments should work together with key\nstakeholders to assess **the availability, quality,**\n**and comparability of data** on refugee children\nfrom Ukraine and implement actions necessary\nto create an integrated child protection data\nenvironment.\n\n\n\n**On gender-based violence**\n\n\n\n\n- Host countries need to address key needs\nhighlighted by women, such as **healthcare,**\n**accommodation and especially employment/**\n**livelihoods to effectively mitigate GBV risks** .\n\n\n\n\n- National authorities and organizations in refugee\nhosting countries need to **promote the**\n**engagement of women-led and refugee-led**\n**organizations** to consistently include GBV risk\nmitigation in national policies and strategies\nacross sectors and to ensure health, protection\nand economical empowerment needs are fully\nintegrated in the national response mechanisms.\n\n- Encourage government agencies and womenled organizations to develop and **effectively use**\n**age and culturally appropriate awareness**\n**raising programmes and technical guidance to**\n**mitigate digital GBV risks.** This can partly be\nachieved through information sharing using\npreferred channels of information and by setting\nup appropriate feedback mechanisms.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Risk Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9877926707267761, - "start": 362, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.556713879108429, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **General protection**\n\n\n\n**Demographic profiles**\n\nThe majority of respondents were women, with\npercentages ranging from 65% in the Czech\nRepublic to as high as 89% in Poland. Over half of\nrespondents fall within the 35-59 age group.\n\n\n**% RESPONDENTS BY GENDER**\n\n\nWomen Men\n\n\n\nTotal Bulgaria Czech\n\nRep.\n\n\n\n**AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE PER COUNTRY**\n\n\n2.4\n2.3 2.3\n2.2 2.2\n2.1\n\n\n\n2.8\n\n\n\n2.2\n\n\n\nHungary Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\nAcross all adult age categories, females consistently\nrepresent a higher percentage than males. Notably,\nfemales aged 35-59 constitute the largest\nproportion at 25%, followed by females aged 18-34\nat 15%. The gender-specific distribution can be\nattributed to various factors, notably the military\nconscription in Ukraine. This policy likely resulted in\na significant portion of males being unable to leave\nthe country, either due to compulsory military\nservice or their voluntary decision to stay and serve.\n\n\n**AGE GROUP AND GENDER PYRAMID**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\nRegional 82%\n\n\n67%\n\n\n65%\n\n\n67%\n\n\n81%\n\n\n89%\n\n\n88%\n\n\n85%\n\n\n**AGE OF RESPONDENTS**\n\n\n52%\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n35%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n18-34 35-59 60+\nyears old\n\n\nOverall, the total average household size is\nreported at 2.3 individuals. Romania stands out with\nthe highest average household size among the\nseven countries at 2.8 individuals per household.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n60+ years old\n\n\n35-59\n\n\n18-34\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n3-4\n\n\n0-2\n\n\n\n4.1%\n\n\n7.3%\n\n\n4.9%\n\n\n6.4%\n\n\n8.1%\n\n\n1.7%\n\n\n1.4%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AGE GROUP AND GENDER PYRAMID", - "confidence": 0.9859535098075867, - "start": 201, - "end": 206 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5129770040512085, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe survey results, weighted by the distribution of\nrefugees across host countries, reveal Kharkivska\n(12%), Dnipropetrovska (10%), Khersonska (9%), and\nOdeska (9%) as the most common areas of origin for\nrespondents. A significant portion also came from\nDonetska (8%), Zaporizka (7%), Kyiv (6%), and\nKyivska (5%) oblasts. The remaining respondents\noriginated from other oblasts throughout Ukraine.\n\n\nThe data however demonstrates variations in the\noblast of origin of Ukrainian refugees across\ndifferent host countries. Kharkivska is the only\noblast that consistently ranks among the top four in\nall 7 host countries. Refugees from Odeska oblast\nmake up a significant portion in Moldova (46%),\nRomania (40%) and Bulgaria (18%), likely due to\nthese countries\u2019 geographical proximity. Similarly,\nZakarpatska oblast, bordering Hungary, sees a high\nconcentration of refugees originating from there\n(39%) but not in the top 4 in any of the other\ncountries. Interestingly, Poland, despite bordering\nUkraine, shows a more balanced distribution across\noblasts, potentially reflecting its larger refugee\npopulation.\n\n\nThe main language spoken at home was Ukrainian,\nat 44%. 33% of respondents reported speaking\nmainly Russian, and 21% reported speaking\nUkrainian and Russian equally. However, the main\n\n\n\nlanguage spoken at home by Ukrainian refugees\nvaries depending on the host country. In Bulgaria\n(52%), Czech Republic (43%), Moldova (64%) and\nSlovakia (53%) the majority reported speaking both\nlanguages at home. In Romania the majority\nreported speaking Russian (41%), while in Poland\n(62%) the majority reported speaking Ukrainian.\nInterestingly, only a small fraction (3%) spoke\nanother language regionally, with most of this group\nwas hosted in Hungary, where 26% reported\nspeaking Hungarian.\n\n\n**MAIN LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME**\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMainly Ukrainian\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey results", - "confidence": 0.5289083123207092, - "start": 11, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9133575558662415, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6061326861381531, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.6885808110237122, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6859700083732605, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6464055776596069, - "start": 272, - "end": 274 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MAIN LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME", - "confidence": 0.6072883605957031, - "start": 374, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.536544919013977, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nThe consequences of the full-scale war Ukraine\nhave been highly gendered in nature. This inter alia\nis reflected in the composition of adults and children\nin the households. Households with only adult\nwomen and children make up 38.5% of households,\nwhile households with only adult males and children\nmake up 0.5%.\n\n\nWomen with children households are the largest\nhousehold category for nearly all countries,\nfollowed by women without children at 25.7 percent\nof households. Two exceptions are Bulgaria, where\nthe largest household category is of women without\nchildren (31.3% vs. 33.2% respectively), and\nRomania, where the second largest household\ncategory is those consisting of both females and\nmales with children. These findings already indicate\nthe importance of ensuring that the needs of\nwomen and children are integrated throughout\nrefugee response efforts across the region. It must\nbe noted that due to the very small portion of\nhouseholds consisting only of males with children,\nthe results of this group could not be comparatively\nanalyzed with the other household types.\n\n\n**REGIONAL HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION**\n\n\n39%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n16%\n13%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n**Access to temporary protection**\n\nOn 4 March 2022, the EU Council triggered the\napplication of the Temporary Protection Directive to\nrefugees from Ukraine, providing millions with swift\naccess to legal status and associated rights. Initially\nactivated for one year, the application of the\nDirective has since been extended for an additional\ntwo years \u2013 until March 2025.\n\n\nMost households surveyed (95%) have applied for\ntemporary protection, while 5% of households have\nnot applied for temporary protection. Comparatively,\nthe proportion of households who have not applied\nfor temporary protection is substantially higher in\nHungary (35%); this is largely because many\nrefugees in Hungary have obtained different legal\nstatuses in lieu of temporary protection, e.g.\nresidence permits.\n\n\n**TEMPORARY PROTECTION APPLICATION STATUS BY**\n**COUNTRY**\n\n\n98% 98% 97% 96% 96%\n91%\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\nSlovakia Romania Moldova Hungary\n\n\n\nFemale\nwithout\nchildren\n\n\n\nFemale\nwith\nchildren\n\n\n\nMale\nwithout\nchildren\n\n\n\nMale with Both\nChildren without\nchildren\n\n\n\nBoth with\n\nchildren\n\n\n\nPoland Bulgaria Czech\n\nRep.\n\n\n**Social cohesion**\n\n\n\nRegionally, almost one third of respondents\nreported experiencing hostile behavior or attitudes\nfrom the local population. The highest rate of hostile\nbehavior was reported in the Czech Republic\nfollowed by Poland, while the lowest was in\nMoldova and Hungary. Households with at least one\nmember employed reported a higher percentage of\nexperiencing hostile behavior at 33%, compared to\n23% for households with no employed members;\nthis could potentially be due to their increased\ninteraction with the local population.\n\n\n\nRegionally, roughly 11% of households surveyed had\na member with a Level 3 disability [3] . About 16% of\nhouseholds with one member with a disability\nreported having no member employed, relative to\n8.6% of households without a member with a\ndisability. The composition and employment status\nof households suggest that it is important to\nincrease access to employment and livelihood\nassistance tailored to the situation of these\nhouseholds, as is further indicated by the priority\nneeds discussed below.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING HOSTILE BEHAVIOR**\n\n\n\n**Household has no employed**\n\n**members**\n\n\n\n**Household has employed**\n\n**member(s)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVerbal aggression stands out as the most frequently\nreported type, with 73% of those who reported\nhostile behavior highlighting instances of verbal\naggression. Discriminatory behavior while searching\nfor a job or seeking accommodation was also high\nat 37%.\n\n\n**TYPE OF HOSTILE / UNWELCOMING BEHAVIOURS (OUT OF**\n**THOSE WHO REPORTED HOSTILE BEHAVIOUR)**\n\n\n\nVerbal aggression\n\n\nDiscriminatory behavior (e.g. while\nsearching for job, accommodation)\n\nHostile/aggressive comments in\nsocial media\n\nHostile/aggressive comments in news\nforums online\n\n\nPhysical attack\n\n\nOther\n\n\nSexual harassment\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n28%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n73%\n\n\n\nWhen asked about the presumed reasons for\nhousehold behavior, the top three reasons were\nrefugee status, ethnicity, and language \u2013 all three\noptions are interconnected and linked to identity of\nthe respondents.\n\n\nA notable association was found between\nperceived hostility and mental health challenges.\nThose who reported experiencing hostile behaviour\nor attitudes from members of the host population\nwere more likely to report mental health and\npsychosocial problems (39%) than those who did\nnot report experiencing hostile behaviour (27%).\nPerceived hostility may increase vulnerability to\ndistress, and at the same time, those with mental\nhealth problems may be targeted with greater\nhostility and/or perceive their environments as more\nhostile [4] .\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Accountability to affected people**\n\n\n\n**Satisfaction with aid received in the last**\n**three months** **[5]**\n\nThe majority of households \u2013 82% \u2013 reported being\nsatisfied with the aid (any type of humanitarian of\nState-provided aid) they received in the last three\nmonths. Comparatively, a higher satisfaction rate\nwas recorded in Moldova (98%), followed by\nSlovakia (90%), and Hungary (88%) - and a relatively\nlower satisfaction rate was reported in Romania\n(61%), Bulgaria (69%), and Poland (77%).\n\n\n**SATISFACTION WITH AID RECEIVED BY COUNTRY**\n\n\n\n**AID DISSATISFACTION PER TYPE OF AID**\n\n\nHumanitarian financial aid (cash)\n\n\nHumanitarian distributions (non-food\nitems, clothing, food, etc.)\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n\nGovernment social protection\n(government)\n\nGovernment housing\nprogrammes\n\n\nGovernment assistance programmes\n\n\nHumanitarian financial aid (vouchers)\n\n\nHumanitarian protection services\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n90%\n\n\n\n98%\n\n\n\n77%\n\n\n\n82%\n\n\n\n88%\n84%\n\n\n\n69%\n\n\nTotal Bulgaria Czech\n\nRep.\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\nHungary Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\n**Reasons for dissatisfaction with aid**\n\nAmong households dissatisfied with aid, the most\ncommon reason was that the assistance received\nwas insufficient or not frequent enough, as reported\nby 45% of respondents. Additionally, 40% cited not\nreceiving aid on time or experiencing delays in its\ndelivery. Fourteen percent found the assistance or\nservices to be of poor quality, while 11% indicated\nthat the aid provided did not meet their most urgent\nneeds.\n\n\n**REASONS FOR AID DISSATISFACTION**\n\n\n\n**Type of aid HHs were dissatisfied with**\n\nSeven percent of HHs were dissatisfied with the aid\nthey received, mostly in Romania (14%) and Bulgaria\n(9%). Out of the 7% of HHs who indicated\ndissatisfaction, 70% were unsatisfied with financial\naid, cash assistance (53%) and vouchers (17%)\nrespectively. Dissatisfaction with cash financial aid is\nparticularly prominent among households with at\nleast one household member with a disability, as\ncompared to households without a person with a\ndisability (62% vs 52%).\n\n\nThe same holds for humanitarian distributions,\nwhere 44.3% of households with a member with a\ndisability reported dissatisfaction with humanitarian\ndistributions, relative to 31.6% of households who\ndo not have any member with a disability.\n\n\nOn a positive note, only 3% of HHs reported being\ndissatisfied with the protection assistance they\nreceived.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\nAssistance received was insufficient / was not\nenough / Assistance is not frequent enough\n\nDid not receive the aid on time / delays in\ndelivery of aid\n\nAssistance/Services received were of poor\nquality\n\nThe assistance delivered was not what the\nhousehold needed the most (not useful)\n\n\nOther\n\nThe assistance was not easily accessible (e.g.\nthe distribution or the service points were too\nfar away)\n\nI was unsure of my entitlements\n\n\nI was not consulted on what I need\n\n\nPrefer not to' answer'\n\n\nDont know\n\n\nServices did not feel safe or were not\n\nprovided in a safe way\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Access to information**\n\nThe majority, 71% of households, surveyed have not\nfaced any challenges accessing information on\nrights, entitlements, and services. Among the 29%\nrefugee households who faced challenges\naccessing information, not knowing where to look\nfor information and not knowing which information\nsource to trust were reported as the top barriers.\nUnavailability of information in languages refugees\nunderstood and a lack of up-to-date information\nwere also cited as obstacles to accessing\ninformation.\n\n\nOverall, households with a person with disability\nfaced more barriers accessing information, when\ncompared to other households. To illustrate, while\n72% of refugee families without a person with a\ndisability reported not facing any obstacles\naccessing information, 60% of households with a\nperson with a disability reported not experiencing\nchallenges accessing information.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES IN ACCESSING INFORMATION**\n\n\n\nthan men (18%), and more men (34%) prefer face to\nface interactions than women (28%). Disseminating\ninformation and facilitating access and\ncommunication through technology has many\nadvantages and it is an overall preferred method by\nmost individuals, both male and female. However,\nthere are a number of GBV risks facilitated by digital\nand online spaces, including sextortion, imagebased abuse, cyberbullying, online gender and\nsexual harassment, cyberstalking, using technology\nto locate survivors and/or identification of potential\ntrafficking victims, etc), which need to be borne in\nmind and mitigated by all stakeholders.\n\n\nMeanwhile, the results showed that vulnerable\nhouseholds, including households with a person\nwith a disability and households comprised of older\npersons, prefer helpline over other means of\ncommunication. Households with very low income\nalso prefer to receive information via phone call or\nhelpline, which may be due to limited access to\ninternet or low technological skills.\n\n\n**PREFERRED MEANS OF RECEIVING INFORMATION**\n\n\n\nNo challenges\n\n\nI don\u2019t know where to look for\ninformation\n\nI don\u2019t know which information to\ntrust\n\nInformation is not available in the\nlanguage(s) I speak\n\nThe available information is not\nwhat I need\n\nInformation available not up to\ndate\n\nInformation is not available in\nformats that are accessible for me\n\n\nDon't know\n\nI have limited internet connectivity\nthat makes difficult accessing\nonline information\nI don\u2019t have a device to access\nonline information\n\n\nPrefer not to answer\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n71%\n\n\n\nPhone call / Helpline\n\n\nTelegram\n\n\nFace to face (helpdesk, outreach\nvolunteer, community centers)\n\n\nOfficial websites\n\n\nViber\n\n\nFacebook\n\n\nEmail\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nWhatsapp\n\n\nMessenger\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n32%\n\n\n28%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n**Preferred means of receiving**\n**information**\n\nThe majority of respondents preferred online means\nof communication, such as mobile messaging\nplatforms and social media channels. More women\n(27%) prefer using the communication app Viber\n\n\n\n**Preferred means of providing feedback**\n**to aid providers**\n\nTo provide feedback, HHs with at least one\nhousehold member with a disability prefer helpline\n(38% vs 31%) and face to face interaction (29% vs\n23%), compared to HHs who have no member with\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\na disability. Helpline preference is also higher\namong HHs who are hosted in free\naccommodations provided by government, NGOs or\nby a host family. Similarly, HHs comprised of older\npersons, HHs who do not have any employed\nmember, and those with limited income prefer to\nprovide feedback via helpline/phone call.\n\n\nWomen-centered feedback and complaints\nmechanisms are key to identify and respond to\nconcerns of women and girls at risk of and survivors\nof GBV, they also act as early warning systems for\nsexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) cases which\ntend to go highly under-reported in humanitarian\nsettings. Based on the data collected, the preferred\nmethod for providing feedback for both female and\nmale responders and heads of households is a\nphone call to a helpline.\n\n\n**PREFERRED MEANS OF PROVIDING FEEDBACK TO AID**\n**PROVIDERS**\n\n\n\nsensitivity of the subject matter, more awareness\nneeds to be done especially in the remote and\nmarginalized areas to ensure an inclusive and\nstronger awareness among the refugees about the\nsafe reporting channels.\n\n\n**ACCESS TO SAFE AND CONFIDENTIAL REPORTING AND**\n**INFORMATION**\n\n\nDon't know\n\n\n\n**% of HH who reported receiving an**\n**appropriate response after reporting**\n**through reporting channels**\n\nTo complement the FRM loop, this indicator aimed\nto also looked into the follow up response that\nrefugees receive through the available channels,\nsuch as hotlines, digital communication, information\ndesks at community centers and other available\ncommunity outreach channels. While 68.5% shows\na rather positive level of follow up, more work\nneeds to be done to maximize the follow up\nresponse to feedback and complaints which is at\nthe core of AAP.\n\n\n**%HH RECEIVING APPROPRIATE RESPONSE THROUGH**\n**VARIOUS CHANNELS**\n\n\n\nNo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPhone call / Helpline\n\n\nTelegram\n\n\nFace to face (helpdesk, outreach\nvolunteer, community centers)\n\n\nViber\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nEmail\n\n\nOfficial websites\n\n\nFacebook\n\n\nMessenger\n\n\nWhatsapp\n\n\nLeaflets\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n**Access to safe and confidential**\n**reporting channels**\n\nEnsuring access to safe and confidential channels\nas part of the Feedback and Response Mechanism\n(FRM) is one of the core actions under the AAP. It\naims to make sure that refugees know where to\nreport allegations of misconduct and/or other\ncomplaints about the humanitarian aid in a safe and\nconfidential manner. Given the importance and\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n\n\nNo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Top 10 priority needs of refugee**\n**households**\n\n\n\n\n- HHs who have at least one member with a\ndisability rank food (22.5% vs 17%) and\nhealthcare (70% vs 30%) as a higher priority\nneed than average.\n\n\n\n\n- Among HHs who do not have employed\nmember, the need for food (23.5% vs 14%) and\nhealthcare (48% vs 27%) is substantially higher.\n\n\n\nhouseholds reporting having one member with an\nL3 disability reported adopting coping strategies\nrelative to 54% of households who do not. The\ndegree of crisis [6] coping strategies in the 30 days\nprior to the interview was also almost twice as\nfrequently reported by households with at least one\nmember with a disability (23% vs. 13%). Concerning\nspecific coping actions, among households with at\nleast one member with a disability, 56% reported\nhaving spent savings compared to 41% of\nhouseholds who have no member with a disability.\nTwice as many households with at least one\nmember with a disability reported reducing\nessential health expenditures compared to\nhouseholds who do not.\n\n\nThe vulnerability of households who have at least\none member with a disability is also indicated in\npriority needs, as only 9.5% of these households\nreported having no priority needs. For these\nhouseholds, healthcare services, employment/\nlivelihoods support, accommodation, and food were\nthe top reported needs.\n\n\n**% HOUSEHOLDS ADOPTING COPING STRATEGIES**\n\n\n\n\n- HHs comprised of older persons reported a\nhigher need for winter clothes compared to\nother households.\n\n\n\n**TOP 10 PRIORITY NEEDS OF REFUGEE HOUSEHOLDS**\n\n\n\nEmployment / Livelihoods support\n\n\nHealthcare services\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\nLanguage courses\n\n\nFood\n\n\nEducation for children under 18\n\n\nTrainings/Education of adults\n\n\nMedicines\n\n\nWinter clothes\n\n\nSupport with registration/legal\nassistance/documentation\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\n**Adoption of coping strategies**\n**depending on the type of household**\n\nHouseholds with children seem to be vulnerable to\nadopting livelihood coping strategies, which\nrepresent ways households deal with economic\nchallenges. These strategies include spending\nsavings, selling assets, purchasing food on credit,\nreducing essential expenses, withdrawing children\nfrom school, selling property, migrating, involving\nchildren in income generation, and resorting to risky\njobs. Specifically, 53% of households with children\nreported adopting such coping strategies compared\nto 43% for households with no children.\n\n\nHouseholds with at least one member with a\ndisability appear more vulnerable to adopting\nlivelihood coping strategies. Specifically, 64% of\n\n\n\nSpend savings\n\n\nReduce essential health expenditures\n(including drugs)\n\n\nReduce essential education expenditures\n\n\nUse degrading sources of income, illegal\nwork, or high risk jobs\n\nSell household assets/goods\n(radio/furniture/TV...)\n\n\nMigrate/ become displaced\n\n\nPurchase food on credit or borrowed food\n\n\nSell productive assets or means of transport\n(sewing machine, bicycle, car, etc.)\n\n\nSell house or land (Including inside Ukraine)\n\n\nInvolve school-aged children in income\ngeneration\n\n\nWithdraw school-aged children from school\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Child protection**\n\n\n\nThe Ukraine conflict has uprooted millions [7, 8] of girls\nand boys from their homes, putting them at an\nincreased risk of violence, exploitation, abuse, and\nfamily separation [9] . **Family separation** is the defining\nfeature of the Ukraine refugee crisis, as many male\nfamily members had to remain in Ukraine, primarily\ndue to martial law. [10]\n\n\nThe refugee child population from Ukraine is highly\ndiverse and so are their needs and the risks they\nface. For instance, there are many girls and boys\nwho are separated from one or both parents or from\ntheir previous legal or customary caregiver, but may\nbe accompanied by other adults who may have\nbeen given some form of responsibility for them by\nparents or Ukrainian authorities [11] ; unaccompanied\nchildren [12] ; children with a disability or disabilities, a\nchronic illness or children living in households\nheaded by an older person or a young person;\nchildren whose family identifies with a minority\nethnic group; stateless children; and children who\nhave been evacuated from institutional care in\nUkraine.\n\n\nCare and custodial arrangements, including\nguardianship, are among the many issues that arise\nwhen unaccompanied or separated children from\nUkraine arrive or are identified in host countries in\nEurope. Different legal regimes may apply to them\nwithin countries depending on their status and\neligibility for temporary protection or national\nhumanitarian protection schemes. Children are\nparticularly vulnerable to legal challenges when\narriving stateless or undocumented [13] . Protection\nconcerns may further aggravate when\nunaccompanied children remain outside the scope\nof national child protection systems. Moreover, in\nmany host countries there remains a lack of data on\nthe prevalence of child protection risks and specific\nneeds among the different sub-groups of the child\npopulation from Ukraine.\n\n\nChild protection has been a cornerstone of the\nrefugee response [14] . At the same time, this refugee\nsituation has revealed and exacerbated underlying\ngaps in the child protection systems of host\ncountries, including a lack of preparedness and\ncapacity to plan and implement a coordinated\nhumanitarian child protection response, integrate\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\nrefugee children into the national child protection\nsystems and case management processes, and\nprovide adequate mental health and psychosocial\nsupport services.\n\n\nThe findings of this regional analysis aim to shed\nlight on protection risks facing refugee children with\na view of addressing their particular needs.\n\n\n**Birth registration is critical**\n\nBirth registration is a key first step towards\nprotecting children. Identity documents are\nessential for refugee children to access legal status,\nprotection and services in host countries. Without a\nbirth certificate, a child can be at risk of\nstatelessness, for instance. Documentation also\nplays a central role in facilitating the return of\nrefugee children to their country of origin in safety\nand dignity, when the time comes.\n\n\nAcross five countries (responses from Poland were\ndisregarded due to limitations), 98 % of children\nunder the age of five years had their birth registered\nin Ukraine, the host country or a third country\naccording to the respondents, or registration is in\nprocess.\n\n\n**Children\u2019s right to a family environment**\n\nIn line with the Convention on the Rights of the\nChild, all children have a right to a family\nenvironment. Children need safe and stable\nrelationships with caring adults to thrive, and such\nrelationships are far more likely to be created in a\nfamily environment. Children separated from their\nfamilies have an increased risk of becoming a victim\nof violence, exploitation, trafficking, discrimination,\nand other types of abuse.\n\n\nMost children in the MSNA sample belong to a\nnuclear family (92%), while 9% of children are in\nother care arrangements. [15] There were notable\ndifferences among countries with regards to the\nlatter. The highest percentage of children not\nbelonging to the nuclear family was reported by\nrespondents in Czech Republic (13%), and the\nlowest in Romania and Slovakia (4% each).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nOf the children not belonging to the nuclear family,\nmost children in the sample were in a formalized\ncare arrangement with their extended family\naccording to the respondents (504 children). Very\nfew children in the sample were reported to be in\nan informal arrangement with the extended family\n(12 children), in foster care (29 children), in a formal\n(17 children) or informal (13 children) family-type care\narrangement, or in no care arrangement (4 children).\n\n\n**Risks faced by refugee girls and boys**\n\n\n**RISKS REPORTED FOR GIRLS/BOYS UNDER THE AGE OF 18**\n**IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ACROSS SURVEYED COUNTRIES**\n\n\nGirls Boys\n\n\n\nHouseholds with at least one girl/boy under the age\nof 18 years were asked about a range of potential\nrisks that the girl(s)/boy(s) face in their residence\narea. Across all seven countries where this question\nwas asked, almost 52% of the respondents reported\n\u2018no concerns\u2019 for both girls and boys in their\nresidence area.\n\n\nFor those respondents who did report the concerns,\nthe most reported risks for boys in their residence\narea included: physical violence in the community (8\n%), psychological violence in the community (15 %),\nworsened mental health and psychosocial wellbeing\n(7 %), increased vulnerability to online violence (8\n%), neglect and abuse (14 and 9 % respectively)).\nThe most reported risks for girls in their residence\narea were similar, with slightly lower percentages\nfor all risks, except vulnerability to online violence In\naddition, the risk of sexual violence in the\ncommunity for girls was reported across six of the\nseven countries with 6 %.\n\n\n**Awareness of reporting channels for**\n**violence against children**\n\nBeing aware of available services is one of the\npre-conditions for service access and use. The\nawareness of services to report cases of violence\nagainst children in the community is high, with 88 %\nof households reporting service awareness.\n\n\nThis indicates that services supporting the reporting\nof violence against children are largely available\nand that most of the households surveyed would\nresort to law enforcement of refugee hosting\ncountries to report such incidences, or to other\npublic institutions. Fewer would call a helpline or\ncontact an NGO. The data also suggest that there is\nstill a small but noticeable share of members (12 %)\nin the surveyed households who do not know\nwhere to turn if such an incident happens.\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n\nNo concerns*\n\n\nPsychological violence in the\ncommunity**\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to neglect**\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to violence\nonline**\n\n\nPhysical violence in the community**\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to abuse**\n\n\nWorsened mental health and\npsycho-social wellbeing*\n\n\nSexual violence in community**\n\n\nIncreased risks of trafficking**\n\n\nPsychological violence within home**\n\n\nIncreased risks of separation from the\nfamily and/or placement into\nresidential facility*\n\n\nSexual violence in home**\n\n\nPhysical violence within home**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*Respondents from all seven countries._\n_**Respondents from six out of seven countries._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age\nof 18 years", - "confidence": 0.5371946096420288, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "residence\narea", - "confidence": 0.5762478113174438, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9020662307739258, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**% HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING BEING AWARE OF SERVICES TO REPORT CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN THE**\n**COMMUNITY**\n\n\n**Total** Bulgaria Czech Rep. Hungary Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n**SERVICES RESPONDENTS WILL USE TO REPORT CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN THE COMMUNITY**\n\n\n\nBulgaria Czech Rep. Hungary Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\n94%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n0.2%\n\n\n\nPolice\n\n\nGovernment\nServices\n\n\nHelpline\n\n\nNGO Services\n\n\nNo services\navailable\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n**Total**\n\n84%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n0.4%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n88%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n0.2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n0.4%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n97%\n\n\n38%\n\n\n41%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n0.1%\n\n\n\n79%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n0.2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n91%\n\n\n\n91%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n0.2%\n\n\n\n**Employment level of households with**\n**children**\n\nMost of the households with and without children\nbelow the age of 18 have at least one member\nemployed (65 % and 61 % respectively) but there is\nstill a considerable share (35 % and 39 %\nrespectively) that does not and may thus be\ndependent on social protection schemes.\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n\n**HHs with children with young/older**\n**head of household**\n\nChildren living in households headed by a young or\nan older person may have greater protection needs\nthan others. However, this is also influenced by a\nrange of factors, such as the health, disability, and\nsocioeconomic status of the head of household.\nThe percentage of households with children with an\nolder head of household across the countries\namounts to 6 % \u2013 ranging from 7 % in Bulgaria to 4\n% in Romania. The percentage of children with a\nhead of household under the age of 25 years\nacross the countries is 7 %, ranging from 15 % in\nHungary to 2 % in Moldova.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Gender-based violence**\n\n\n\n**Background**\n\nGender Based Violence (GBV) disproportionately\naffects women and girls and severely increases\nduring humanitarian emergencies. Due to conflict\nand displacement, women and girls are at increased\nrisk of experiencing various forms of GBV, including\nsexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), sex trafficking,\nsexual violence, exploitation, domestic and intimate\npartner violence (IPV), during transit and in host\ncountries where they seek refuge.\n\n\n**TOP REPORTED NEEDS BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE**\n\n\n\n**Key needs highlighted by women and**\n**girls**\n\nHouseholds led by women reported healthcare,\naccommodation, and employment as their top\npriority needs, while households with only men or\nmen and women reported healthcare and\naccommodation as their main needs. While at least\none priority need was reported across household\ntypes, this was the highest among female-led\nhouseholds with children, with 87% reporting at\nleast one priority need. Moreover, while livelihood\nand employment support were reported as a need\nacross household groups, only among female-led\nhouseholds with children was it reported as the\nmain priority need.\n\n\n\n**Female with no children**\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n**Female with children**\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n**Male with no children**\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\n**Male with children**\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n**Mixed with no children**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Mixed with children**\n\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\nLanguage\ncourses\n\n\nLivelihoods\nsupport\n\n\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\n**Note: \u201cmale with children\u201d makes up only 0.5% of the total sample, and therefore it was not possible to comparatively analyze the results they provided due**\n**to the small sample size**\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nA lack of access to essential services \u2013 including\naccommodation and employment \u2013 exposes\nwomen and girls to a number of GBV risks, such as\nsexual violence, sexual exploitation and abuse\n(SEA), and intimate partner violence (IPV). In most\ncases \u2013 IPV survivors who are lacking access to\nfinancial resources, service providers and\naccommodation \u2013 will be unable to leave abusive\nrelationships, rendering the provision of these\nservices extremely critical.\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING AT LEAST ONE**\n**NEED, BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE**\n\n\n\n79%\n\n\nFemale\nwith no\nchildren\n\n\n\n87%\n\n\nFemale\nwith\nchildren\n\n\n\n85%\n81%\n\n\n\n71% 70%\n\n\nMale with Male with Mixed with\nno children children* no children\n\n\n\nMixed with\n\nchildren\n\n\n\nneed. Among female household members who\nreportedly had a health problem and were unable to\naccess necessary healthcare, 40% cited the inability\nto schedule appointments as the primary barrier,\ncompared to 32% for male household members.\nAdditionally, 20% of female members cited financial\nconstraints and inability afford clinical fees as a\nbarrier, in contrast to 15% for male household\nmembers. This again underscores the need for a\ncomprehensive response which includes\ncoordinated interventions, such as economic\nempowerment and cash assistance aligned with\nsafe and sustainable accommodation. These can\nenable survivors of GBV to access healthcare and\nother GBV-related services. Regarding the\nunavailability of specific medications, 16% of male\nhousehold members reported this issue, while it\naffected 11% of female household members.\n\n\nBarriers in accessing mental health and\npsychosocial support services were also\nhighlighted, including not knowing where to go\n(42% female and 39% male), and language barriers\n(16% female and 19% male), amongst others.\n\n\n**TOP 5 HEALTH BARRIERS - BY GENDER**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\n**\u201cmale with children\u201d makes up only 0.5% of the total sample, and**\n**therefore it was not possible to comparatively analyze the results due to**\n**the small sample size**\n\n\n**One in ten women face barriers when**\n**accessing healthcare**\n\nHealth care is the first entry point \u2013 oftentimes the\nonly one \u2013 for survivors in high-risk environments\nseeking life-saving assistance related to GBV.\nOverall, 28% of all household members reported\nneeding to access health care in the 30 days prior\nto the survey. Of those who required health care,\n89% were able to access health services without\nproblems while 11% reported an unmet health care\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n\nAccess to Health Facilities:\nUnable to make an\nappointment\n\n\nLanguage barriers\n\n\nKnowledge and Information:\nLack of Knowledhe of how to\naccess health services\n\n\nFinancial Constraints: could\nnot afford fee at the clinic\n\n\nUnavailabnle services:\nSpecific medication, treatment\nor service needed unavailable\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8472115993499756, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5705267190933228, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.9423987865447998, - "start": 437, - "end": 439 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Safety and Security**\n\nWomen tend to feel slightly less safe than men\nwhile walking alone at night, although the majority\nstill reported feeling safe or fairly safe\u201489% of\nwomen compared to 91% of men.\n\n\n**HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE IN YOUR**\n**AREA/NEIGHBOURHOOD AFTER DARK BY GENDER OF**\n**RESPONDENT?**\n\n\n**Female** **Male**\n\n\n\nShared\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n**TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION**\n\n\n**Female**\n\n\nOther\nHotel / Hostel\n\n\n\n**Male**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVery safe or fairly safe\n\n\nBit unsafe or very unsafe\n\n\n\nVery safe or fairly safe\n\n\nBit unsafe or very unsafe\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOther\nHotel / Hostel\n\n\n\n\n\nCollective sites and shared spaces are home to 10%\nand 16% women and girls respectively. These\nspaces often lack privacy, posing risks for women\nand girls, particularly sexual and physical violence\nby other individuals in the shelter (known or\nunknown to women and girls). Sex trafficking and\nSEA are also specific risks for women and girls living\nin these spaces.\n\n\n27% of women and girls live in either free\naccommodation provided by government or NGO\n(19%) or partially subsidized (8%). The majority (64%)\nof the individuals surveyed live in private\naccommodation (out of which 63% are female and\n66% are male). While private accommodation might\nbe seen as the safest option, women and girls that\nare living alone might face the risks even living in\nthis type of accommodation due to intersecting\nvulnerabilities, such as lack of livelihoods.\n\n\n\nShared\nAccommodation\n\n\n\n**Accessing to GBV services is**\n**insufficient**\n\nGBV risks are heightened when there is a lack of\nawareness on where and how to access specialized\nservices.\n\n\nTo understand the level of awareness of GBV\nservices, respondents were asked an indirect\nquestion \u201cIf someone in your community is subject\nto gender-based violence and asks for your help,\nwould you be able to tell this person about the\nfollowing services in this area?\u201d\n\n\nThe results revealed significant gaps: 25% were\nunaware of health services and over half did not\nknow about psycho-social services, legal\nassistance, or specific helplines. The highest\nawareness was for safety and security services\n(such as contacting the police), but still, one-fifth\nanswered no or don\u2019t know.\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**% OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF GBV**\n**SERVICES IN THE AREA (ANSWERED NO OR DON\u2019T KNOW)**\n\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING PERCEIVED**\n**BARRIERS TO ACCESSING GBV SERVICES (BY TYPE OF**\n**BARRIER)?**\n\n\n\nSpecific helpline to call and\nrequest a service\n\n\nPsycho-social services\n\n\nLegal assistance\n\n\nHealth services\n\n\nSafety and security services\n\n(police, safe shelters)\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n49%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\nIn response to the question, \u201cWhat are the major\nbarriers to accessing GBV services?\u201d the responses\nincluded lack of awareness (14%), stigma and shame\n(14%), fear of retaliation (13%), and language barriers\n(12%). Six percent reported a lack of trust in host\ncountry services. Female headed households with\nchildren report highest concern of fear of retaliation,\nwhile female headed households without children\nreport highest concern is a lack of information.\nHouseholds with at least one member with a\ndisability reported higher rates for each barrier.\n\n\n\nStigma and shame\n\n\nLack of awareness\n\n\nFear of retaliation\n\n\nLanguage and cultural barriers\n\n\nDont know\n\n\nLack of trust in host country\nservices\n\n\nInadequate service availability\n\n\nDiscrimination and bias\n\n\nFinancial constraints\n\n\nLegal and institutional barriers\n\n\nPrefer not to answer\n\n\nLack of trained professionals\n\n\nGeographic barriers\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Methodology**\n\n\n\nEach country adopted a unique sampling approach,\ndependent on factors such as the availability of\nsampling frames and information regarding\npopulation distribution by geographic area and\naccommodation type. The objective was to ensure a\ndiverse sample representative of the population\u2019s\ncomposition. A combination of different sampling\nmethods was used, typically incorporating multiple\nstages and blending convenience sampling, cluster\nrandom sampling, and simple random sampling (the\nlatter being exclusive to Romania).\n\n\nFor the regional analysis, population weights were\napplied based on the most up-to-date figures\nregarding the number of individual refugees\n\n\n\nrecorded in each country. This ensured the analysis\nmore accurately represented the broader refugee\npopulation across the region.\n\n\nNo GBV specific information on incidents or\nexperiences of women and girls nor survivors were\nrecorded in this assessment, to safeguard them and\nfollow the GBV Guiding Principles of Safety,\nConfidentiality, Respect and Non-discrimination [16] .\n\n\nAppropriate measures were implemented to ensure\nthe protection of personal data and guarantee\nconfidentiality in all data collection and processing\nactivities. Consent was requested and recorded for\nall selected participants, providing clear information\non the purpose, and expected use of the data.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGlobal Metrics Random selection of settlements + convenience\nBulgaria 1,054 2,255 Jul-Aug\nLtd sampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\n\nCzech Sample distribution by geographical strata +\n1,218 2,648 June-Jul SocioFactor\nRepublic convenience sampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\n\n\nHungary 682 1,511 Jun-Aug\n\n\n\nT\u00e1rki Social\nResearch\nInstitute, IOM,\nUNHCR\n\n\n\nRandom selection of districts + convenience\nsampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\n\n\nREACH, Sample distribution by geographical strata +\nMoldova 890 2,130 Aug-Sep\nUNHCR convenience sampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\nSample distribution by geographical strata +\nPoland 5,645 13,420 Jul-Aug UNHCR, IOM random selection of districts + convenience\nsampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\n\n\nCSCM, IOM,\nRomania 1,222 3,485 Jul-Sep\nUNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR, IOM,\nSlovakia 819 1,853 Jul-Aug WHO, UNICEF,\nSHC\n\n**Total** **11,530** **27,302** **Jun-Sep**\n\n\n\nSample distribution by geographical strata +\nsimple random selection of households from cash\nenrolment lists.\n\nTwo strata (collective sites vs. private\naccommodation); random selection of districts +\nconvenience sampling for households\u2019 selection.\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sampling frames", - "confidence": 0.840631365776062, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7792954444885254, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Metrics", - "confidence": 0.8553621768951416, - "start": 225, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cash\nenrolment lists", - "confidence": 0.8791264891624451, - "start": 412, - "end": 415 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9643875956535339, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\nDue to sampling limitations and the nonprobabilistic selection of respondents, the MSNA\nresults present limitations regarding the\ngeneralization of findings. Due to sampling\nlocations, the results might be skewed towards a\nmore vulnerable population.\n\n\nMoreover, there was a notably high non-response\nrate concerning sensitive questions related to\nincome, expenditure, mental health, psychosocial\nwell-being, and protection.\n\n\nIt\u2019s important to highlight that there were slight\ndifferences in the questionnaire across countries, as\nnot all questions were consistently included in all\ncountry-level questionnaires, and some answer\noptions were adjusted. However, the regional\nanalysis only incorporated questions that could be\nconsolidated for consistency across all participating\ncountries.\n\n\nFurthermore, certain indicators have been excluded\nfrom the regional analysis either due to insufficient\nsample size or the unavailability of variables across\nall countries. This limitation also affected the\ndisaggregation of data by certain age groups.\n\n\nThe MSNA does not cover the entire population of\nchildren in need of protection like unaccompanied\nchildren placed in alternative residential care\nfacilities of the host country, or groups of evacuated\nchildren from institutions in Ukraine.\n\n\n**22**\n\n\n\nQuestions were answered by adult respondents.\nConsequently, the results do not capture the views\nof the children in the household and may not fully\ncapture the child protection risks that they may face,\nespecially those occurring in the home.\n\n\nMoreover, the modality of the survey generates a\nlack of in-depth responses, so experiences related\nto more sensitive issues such as wellbeing,\nprotection and particularly GBV, would not have\nbeen captured. Most of the risks outlined are\nassumptions based on trends around GBV in\nemergency contexts, but more in-depth information\nis needed.\n\n\nSampling and indicators selection, and differences\nin the questionnaires across countries, limited the\ncapacity to produce gender, age and disability\ndisaggregated data.\n\n\nLastly, the survey was conducted during the\nsummer months, coinciding with both host\ncountries\u2019 and Ukrainian school holidays. This\nperiod often sees many households temporarily\nvisiting Ukraine, which impacted the accessibility of\nhouseholds and posed challenges in meeting\ntargets, particularly in certain countries and\ngeographic locations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9190782308578491, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.5997545123100281, - "start": 93, - "end": 94 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.8700649738311768, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9135885834693909, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5746309161186218, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7082514762878418, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5977249145507812, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaires", - "confidence": 0.7973635196685791, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9596099853515625, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8896186947822571, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8267194032669067, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7039328217506409, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9128907918930054, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9247382879257202, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Endnotes**\n\n\n\n1 \u2018aid\u2019 encompasses various forms of assistance received\nby respondents, including but not limited to humanitarian\nfinancial aid (cash and vouchers), humanitarian\ndistributions (non-food items, clothing, food, etc.),\nhumanitarian protection services, government social\nprotection and assistance programs, government housing\nprograms and other types of aid.\n2 [Helping Hands - The Role of Housing Support and](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108068)\n[Employment Facilitation in Economic Vulnerability of](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108068)\n[Refugees from Ukraine, page 3](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108068)\n3 Level 3 disability refers to individuals experiencing\nsignificant limitations in functioning, as assessed through\na comprehensive set of questions covering mobility,\nvision, hearing, cognition, self-care, and communication.\n4 [Navigating health and well-being challenges for refugees](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108629)\n[from Ukraine, page 17](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108629)\n5 From the date of interview\n6 Crisis coping strategies include the following: Selling\nproductive assets (ex. car, sewing machine), withdrawing\nchildren from school, reducing essential health or\neducation expenditure due to lack of resources to cover\nbasic needs.\n7 Source: [https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\naccessed on 21 March 2024.\n8 UNICEF, Humanitarian Action for Children, Ukraine and\nRefugee Response, 2024.\n9 Source: [The Uprotected_Overview of the Impact of](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/The%20Uprotected_Overview%20of%20the%20Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Crises%20on%20Children%20in%202023_English%20%281%29.pdf)\n[Humanitarian Crises on Children in 2023_English (1).pdf](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/The%20Uprotected_Overview%20of%20the%20Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Crises%20on%20Children%20in%202023_English%20%281%29.pdf)\n[(alliancecpha.org).](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/The%20Uprotected_Overview%20of%20the%20Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Crises%20on%20Children%20in%202023_English%20%281%29.pdf)\n10 [DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447)\n[NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE - REGIONAL](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447)\n[PROTECTION ANALYSIS #1 (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447)\n\n\n\n11 Note that this is typically not the case in situations of\nchildren in migration in Europe\n12 Unaccompanied children: children who have been\nseparated from both parents and other relatives and are\nnot being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is\nresponsible for doing so. (UN Committee on the Rights of\nthe Child, General Comment No 6).\n13 For more on the legal issues, see, e.g.: United Nations\nChildren\u2019s Fund UNICEF (July 2023). Fulfilling the rights of\nchildren without parental care displaced from Ukraine. An\nanalysis of international and European law.\n14 Child Protection in Humanitarian Action: \u201cChild protection\nis the \u2018prevention of and response to abuse, neglect,\nexploitation and violence against children\u2019. The objectives\nof humanitarian action are to: \u2022 Save lives, alleviate\nsuffering and maintain human dignity during and after\ndisasters; and \u2022 Strengthen preparedness for any future\ncrises. Effective child protection builds on existing\ncapacities and strengthens preparedness before a crisis\noccurs. During humanitarian crises, timely interventions\nsupport the physical and emotional health, dignity\nand well-being of children, families and communities.\u201d\n[(cpms_2019_fnal_en.pdf (alliancecpha.org), p.19).](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/cpms_2019_final_en.pdf)\n15 Only fve out of six countries (excluding Moldova) asked\nrespondents whether the children in their household are\ndirectly related (meaning part of the nuclear or extended\nfamily).\n16 Interagency Minimum Standards for Gender Based\nViolence in Emergencies Programming, GBV Area of\nResponsibility, 2019. Available at: https://www.unfpa.org/\nsites/default/files/pub-pdf/19-200_Minimun_Standards_\nReport_ENGLISH-Nov.FINAL_.pdf\n\n\n**23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **STAYING SAFE:** **INTER-AGENCY** **INSIGHTS ON** **PROTECTION AND** **ACCOUNTABILITY FOR** **REFUGEES FROM** **UKRAINE**\n\n## June 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0ec89cb-4440-4199-8efe-c9777c3dcf3b/2024%2006%2028%20Inter-Agency%20Insights%20on%20Protection%20and%20Accountability%20for%20Refugees%20from%20Ukraine.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_420/raw/doc_420_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_420/raw/doc_420_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5f66e5bf618da7755a2c3de8bbf81171f1b40022..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_420/raw/doc_420_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE**\n#### **June 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Syria HCT-Coordinated Response designates humanitarian assistance delivered from areas controlled by the Government of Syria, including\ncrossline activities to north-east Syria.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n##### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\n\nSyria\u2019s civilian population bears the brunt of\na decade-long conflict, compounded by\nworsening humanitarian and economic\nconditions.\n\n\nMore than ten years of crisis have inflicted\nimmense suffering on the civilian\npopulation who have experienced massive\nand systematic violations of international\nhumanitarian and human rights law. While\nthe March 2020 Idleb ceasefire agreement\nled to an overall reduction in hostilities and\nlarge-scale displacement, conflict has\nintensified throughout 2021 along\nfrontlines that have not shifted significantly\nsince 2020 and is driving humanitarian\nneeds to a significant extent. Political\ndivision, exclusion and the lack of access to\njustice mechanisms have continued to\ndisenfranchise people and to limit their\nability to address their needs in a\nsustainable manner. The humanitarian\nresponse is systematically challenged by\nimpediments and restrictions.\n\n\nThis report is part of a series of Whole of Syria (WoS) Protection Analysis Updates and covers the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 May 2022. It\nfocuses on areas covered by the HCT-coordinated response (i.e. Government-controlled areas and areas of north-east Syria accessible through\ncrossline).The most severe protection risks identified in the period covered by this report are: (1) Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance,\narbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; (2) Impediments and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nrestrictions to access resources, opportunities, services, documentation and justice; (3) Forced displacements and restrictions on the freedom of\nmovement; (4) Gender-based violence; (5) Exposure to explosive ordnance.\n\n\nComplex and interconnected protection issues in this protracted crisis are worsening in an overall context of limited access to humanitarian\nservices, rights, justice, and accountability, as well as the deteriorating economy and widespread poverty, lack and loss of livelihoods, destruction\nand loss of housing and property, protracted and multiple cycles of displacement, substandard living conditions (even for people in areas of relative\nstability), shortage of natural resources and the continuing pandemic exacerbate protection needs and increase reliance on negative coping\nmechanisms such as child labour, child recruitment, different forms of exploitation and early/forced marriage. Both protection-specific and crosssector humanitarian response efforts should be maintained and scaled up to avoid further long-lasting impacts on the safety and dignity of the\ncivilian population.\n\n\n_**Methodology**_\n\n\nThis analysis developed by the Global Protection Cluster follows the global Protection Analytical Framework \u2013 PAF \u2013 endorsed by the Global\nProtection Cluster in April 2021. The analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative data, reports and expert knowledge. The analysis cover the\nperiod of 2021 and first half of 2022\n\n\n_**Limitations**_\n\n\nThe full scope and impact of protection risks are hard to identify, due to impediments in conducting regular protection assessments. Access\nrestrictions, insecurity, rapidly changing protection dynamics and challenges hinder the capacity of human rights and humanitarian actors to fully\nmonitor all risks and incidents. Thus, this report may not capture some of the most recent events and trends.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n##### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\nThe humanitarian impact of the Syria crisis continues to\nreverberate across the country and the wider region. Most\nimmediately, the crisis has left millions of people facing a\ndaily struggle to survive amidst pervasive threats to their\nlives, security, well-being, and dignity. Various forms of\nviolence permeate daily life, particularly affecting women\nand children. At the same time, prolonged conflict and\nwidespread displacement continue to tear apart the social\nand economic fabric of Syria, compounding immediate\nsuffering and compromising Syria\u2019s long-term future.\n\n\nSo far, no substantial progress has been made in finding a\ncredible political solution, and Syria has been torn by\nmultiple and overlapping Non-International Armed Conflicts\n(NIACs) [2] and International Armed Conflicts (IACs) [3] . The\ncombined violence and effects are plunging the civilian\npopulation into a catastrophic spiral of conflict and complete\nerosion of livelihoods, resources and opportunities.\n\n\nThe conflict in Syria remains multi-faceted and multi-fronted,\nbetween different State and non-State actors and involving\na multitude of different regional and international actors.\nDespite a general lessening in large-scale hostilities and a\n\u201cfreezing\u201d of frontlines since March 2020, the civilian\npopulation still lives in a highly fluctuating environment,\ncharacterized by insecurity, human rights abuses and violations, localized escalation of hostilities and general hindrance to any mean of minimum\nsubsistence.\n\n\n2 Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts (RULAC), Geneva Academy\n3 Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts (RULAC), Geneva Academy\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nOHCHR has recorded 2,059 civilian casualties in 2020, and 1,874 in 2021. In contested areas and around frontlines the security situation is direr,\nincluding in areas under the control of the Government of Syria.\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop the disruption of social and economic conditions to keep the population afloat is daunting. Widespread destruction of civilian\ninfrastructure, explosive ordnance contamination, large-scale internal displacement, the steep worsening of the macroeconomic landscape,\nclimatic shocks affecting natural resources, particularly water, compounded with the impediments to provide humanitarian assistance have\ncontributed to an erosion of people\u00b4s livelihoods and safe coping capacities. Without a change of pace in addressing the situation, the impact of\nprotection risks on the civilian population and the long-term consequences are inconceivable.\n\n\nIn May 2021, the Presidential election took place in the country, held outside the auspices of the United Nations-led political process. 2021 also\nsaw regional political developments, notably a rapprochement by several Arab States - in particular the UAE, Jordan and Lebanon - with the\nGovernment of Syria, a trend which is expected to continue.\n###### **IHL and IHRL violations continue despite the lessening of violence**\n\n\nIn NIACs all parties to the conflict are bound by Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. It prohibits murder, mutilation, torture, cruel,\ninhuman and degrading treatment, hostage taking and unfair trials, and, furthermore, all parties are bound by customary international\nhumanitarian law (IHL). International human rights law (IHRL) continues to apply regardless of the situation of armed conflict. Under IHRL, the\nSyrian Government has an obligation to prevent and investigate alleged violations.\n\n\nAccording to numerous reports, all parties to the conflict continue to commit war crimes, other serious violations of international humanitarian\nlaw and serious violations and abuses of human rights law, including acts amounting to crimes against humanity, with widespread impunity.\nViolations take place during ongoing hostilities and violent events, occasional larger-scale attacks, during arrest and detention and in camps hosting\nthousands of people. IHL principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution have often been disregarded by the parties to the conflict.\nReports show that parties to the conflict are often targeting the civilian population and do not take precautionary measures to avoid unnecessary\nharm.\n\n\nIn terms of larger-scale violent events, in July 2021, a 10-week siege of Daraacity\u2019s southern Daraa al-Balad neighbourhood began, accompanied\nby a pro-government forces military offensive that killed and injured civilians and resulted in the displacement of around 55,000 people [4] . In January\n2022, IS fighters assaulted al-Sina\u2019a prison in the Ghweran section of al-Hasakah city, leaving more than 500 people dead and around 45,000\ndisplaced. As reported by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, tens of thousands of Syrians are either\narbitrarily detained or disappeared with no clear information on their fate.\n\n\n4 Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, February 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nOn 30 March, a new Law No. 16 of 2022 was issued criminalizing torture. The law stipulates imprisonment for anyone that deliberately perpetrates\ntorture. While the law criminalizes torture and assigns a penalty of at least three years\u2019 imprisonment, it was widely criticized given how pervasive\nthe reported widespread and systematic use of torture is by parties of conflict as well as the failure to mention any measures that could be taken\nto prevent torture or offer redress to past victims of torture.\n\n\nRestrictions on freedom of speech and the press have been a major characteristic of all parties to the conflict Prior to the start of the conflict, a\n2010 Press Freedom Index ranked Syria 173 [rd] out of 178 nations. The issuing of a new Law No. 15 of 2022 amended a number of articles of the\nPenal Code that restricted freedom of speech and criminalized \u201cwhoever announces news that aims to prejudice the Syrian state by improving the\nimage of a hostile country\u201d, casting further doubts about positive changes.\n\n###### **Almost complete erosion of civilian population resources and opportunities**\n\n\nSyria\u2019s GDP plummeted from 252.52 billion in 2010 to 22.78 billion in 2019 [5], transitioning uncontrollably from a middle-income to a low-income\ncountry. In 2021, both macro-economic conditions, and the affordability of basic commodities to the population, have worsened and continue\ndeteriorate\n\n\nThe Syrian pound is steadily depreciating and lost close to 80 per cent of its value in 2021 alone. The reference food basket price was marked at\nthe highest level for six consecutive months (since 2013), reaching 231,004 SYP (around +200 per cent compared to 2021), mainly due to fuel\nshortage, increase in global food prices and inflation. Approximately 90 per cent of the population now lives below the poverty line [6] .\n\n\nThis situation is likely to worsen rapidly due to the economic and geopolitical spillover effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In late February\n2022, the Syrian cabinet imposed harsh austerity measures to cope with the domestic impact of the invasion.\n\n\nSeasonal shortage of water due to erratic rainfall and historic low levels in the Euphrates River, together with the limited availability of electricity\n(1/3 households receiving less than 2 hours of electricity a day [7] ) are causing a steady and continuous lack and loss of livelihoods, compounded by\na reduced access to basic services. Evidence points towards an alarming increase of these effects in areas relatively stable and less affected by\nhostilities and displacement.\n\n\n5 World Bank, 2022.\n6 WFP Syria Country Brief, January 2022; Independent International Commission of Inquiry, February 2022.\n7 Briefing to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Syria, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nConsequently, families are increasingly unable to cover basic expenses with their incomes, with a serious and cumulative impact on health, food\ninsecurity and malnutrition rates (one in four children in some areas is stunted [8] ) bringing to expected irreversible physical and cognitive harm,\namong other serious consequences.\n\n\nFamilies are increasingly resorting to harmful coping mechanisms such as child labour, incapacity to prevent child recruitment, selling of assets,\nvarious forms of exploitation and early/ forced marriage. Families\u2019 reduced livelihoods, compounded by the limited availability of water, exposes\nthem to serious health consequences as well, especially in north-east Syria.\n\n\nThese consequences are likely to worsen given the low quality of health services, accrued from hostilities and the frequent power cuts. As of June\n2021, 35per cent of the 211 available hospitals were either non or partially functioning (44 per cent of the 1,798 available public health centers) [9] .\n\n\nThe combination of these factors is increasingly affecting households\u00b4 movement decisions, including return to their places of origin. Some\nevidence suggests that people are considering pre-emptively moving to camps, sites and areas where they are more likely to receive humanitarian\nassistance, particularly in north-east Syria. [10] The civilian population is falling into an irreversible downward spiral of poverty, harmful behaviors\nand complete loss of livelihood resources and opportunities.\n\n\nThe unilateral sanctions imposed against Syria are particularly affecting the poorest and most vulnerable and fuel the negative impacts of this\nsituation. The complexity of the sanctions regulations, combined with penalties, enforcement and widespread overcompliance, specifically from\nbanks processing humanitarian transactions [11], is raising concerns on the effects they are ultimately having on the population.\n\n###### **Systematic challenges to the provision of assistance and solutions**\n\n\nUnhindered and predictable humanitarian access remains a challenge, specifically in north-east Syria, Rukban, IDP camps and areas controlled by\nTurkish Armed Forces and their allies in north-east Syria (NES). Cross-border and crossline passages are limited and unsafe, and a combination of\nlegal, political and physical impediments hinder the delivery of appropriate response to dire humanitarian needs and reduces the space to scale\nup actions to provide families with the means to exit the spiral of poverty, harmful coping behaviors and loss of livelihoods.\n\n\nWhile UNSC Resolution 2585 (2021) permitting the UN\u2019s use of the Bab al-Hawa crossing with Turkey for the delivery of humanitarian assistance\ninto Idleb region has been renewed for six months from 10 January 2022 by the Security Council, it still falls short from the original four crossings\nmandated by UNSC Resolution 2165 (2014). In addition, there are major concerns about the humanitarian impact of the potential non-renewal of\n\n\n8 Briefing to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Syria, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, March 2022\n9 Humanitarian Needs Overview, 2022\n10 Ibid.\n11 Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, February 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nthe resolution in July 2022. This single border crossing remains a vital life-line for civilian populations in north-east Syria, enabling the delivery of\nfood, medicine and other life-saving assistance. Without it, access to humanitarian assistance would be further compromised for the 4 million\npeople living in this area of the country, which remains outside of government control. To complement cross-border efforts from T\u00fcrkiye, an\noperational plan for humanitarian cross-line deliveries to north-west Syria was developed under OCHA\u2019s coordination in July 2021. Another\noperational plan for the period between May and December 2022 was developed in April 2022. This is in line with UN Security Council Resolution\n2585, which calls for both cross-line and cross-border humanitarian assistance. While approvals from the Government of Syria for cross-line\nmissions are generally obtained in a timely manner, it is usually a lengthy process to obtain agreements and security guarantees from the\nGovernment of T\u00fcrkiye and other parties to the conflict which control the areas concerned, including for security reasons.\nIn Government-controlled areas, the presence of explosive ordnance poses serious access constraints (specifically in Idleb, Quneitra, Rural\nDamascus, Deir-ez-Zor and Daraa). The impediments are further compounded by the highly regulated and selective procedures prolonging\nresponse time and restricting the ability of partners to select areas of operation.\n\n\nThe delay in receiving approvals from the Government of Syria (GoS) and the non-state actors in north-east Syria for activities and programmes\nhas continued to affect the response to critical protection risks. The newly imposed 35 per cent budget cap by the Ministry of Social Affairs and\nLabour (MoSAL) on awareness-raising activities has impacted a number of protection projects, particularly in relation to explosive ordnance risk\neducation interventions. Protection needs assessment and analysis are curbed by these constraints as well.\n\n\nBeyond access and constraints to provide appropriate response, aid workers operate in an increasingly unsafe environment. In 2020, there were\n35 verified attacks on humanitarian workers, facilities and transportation. So far, credible security guarantees by parties to the conflict have not\nbeen forthcoming, despite intense advocacy.In addition, the Syria Counter Terrorism Law of 2012 includes some vague provisions which could be\nused to prosecute humanitarian workers. The current NGO Law (Law No. 93 of 1958 and subsequent amendments) and its Executive Regulations\nmandate government officials to scrutinize organizations. As a result, cross-border service providers, which operate without government\nauthorization, and staff operating from GoS-controlled territories collaborating with them fear criminal prosecution.\n##### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n###### **RISK 1: Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention, torture or other** **cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment**\n\n\nArbitrary arrest and detention remain the second most prevalent safety concerns (after petty crimes which have increased due to the declining\neconomic situation) in GoS-controlled areas and NES, consistently reported as a main issue by more than 70 per cent of communities. The number\nof communities affected has almost doubled in 2021 compared to 2020 and is particularly high in As-Sweida, Dar\u2019a and Damascus Governorates.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nIn the absence of the rule of law, the State security apparatus has been reported by the Commission of Inquiry on Syria to arbitrarily detain tens\nof thousands due to their real or perceived opposition to the government, as well as to commonly use the (arbitrary) detention of individuals to\nextort bribes from families in exchange for information, visits or release (including release under amnesty decrees).\n\n\nThe ISIL attack on a detention centre in NES in January 2022 brought to the forefront the issue of thousands of Syrian and non-Syrian detainees,\nincluding 700 boys as young as 12 years old, held in detention by the so-called Autonomous Administration of north-east Syria (AANES) due to\ntheir real or perceived association with ISIL. Most detainees have been held without access to adequate judicial review or are tried in irregularly\nconstituted courts. Detention conditions are reported to be sub-standard. Furthermore, thousands of Syrian women and children with familial\nlinks to former IS fighters are indefinitely detained in deplorable and deteriorating conditions in camps due to their perceived affiliation with IS, in\nwhat observers have called a form of \u201ccollective punishment\u201d. [12] The SDF are also reported to arbitrarily arrest and detain individuals on account\nof their perceived affiliation with the IS, the SNA, or because they oppose, or are perceived to be opposing, the SDF, including journalists and\nmembers of opposition parties. Finally, the SDF engage in the abduction of men for the purpose of forced recruitment under the so-called \u201cDuty\nof Self-Defence\u201d law. The Shabiba al-Thawriya is reported to recruit boys and girls as young as 12 years old for combat and support roles. [13]\n\n\nThe deteriorating economic situation has led to an increase in crimes, with cases of kidnapping for ransom - targeting especially children multiplying. Politically-motivated kidnapping has also occurred, with e.g. mass kidnapping of civilians by IS in 2021 used as a bargaining chip to\nrelease IS-affiliated prisoners. Recent incidents also suggest that criminality aimed at generating income is becoming increasingly brutal. In March\n2022, in Rural Damascus, the bodies of four kidnapped children were found in the street stripped of their internal organs.\n\n\nA recent positive Legislative Decree no.7/2022 granted a general amnesty for terrorism-related crimes as per Counter-Terrorism Law 19/2012.\nFollowing the decree, several hundreds have been released from State prisons and it is expected that hundreds more could follow. The decree is\na positive step for the benefit of the Syrian citizen; however, the decree did not address concerns such as the confiscation of properties or the\nprovision of compensation for the harm done to victims. It is also unclear whether individuals held in security branches would benefit from the\ndecree.\n\n\n12 \u201c _International law allows imposing punishment for crimes only on people responsible for the crimes, after a fair trial to determine individual guilt. Imposing_\n_collective punishment on families by preventing them from leaving the camps violates the laws of war_ \u201d; HRW, _Syria: Dire Conditions for ISIS Suspects\u2019 Families_, 23\nJuly 2019, https://bit.ly/2ZvqWxC. ICRC's Director for the Near and Middle East region, Fabrizio Carboni, referred to the \u201c _wholesale stigmatization_ \u201d of women\nand children as \u201c _a form of collective punishment_ \u201d; VOA, _ICRC: Families of Foreign Fighters in Syria Should Be Repatriated_, 7 July 2019, https://bit.ly/3h2zBgZ. The\nIICISyria said that these women and children are held \u201c _without access to the necessary legal safeguards_ \u201d; UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent\nInternational Commission of Inquiry, 14 August 2020, www.ecoi.net/en/document/2037646.html, para. 71.\n13 UNHCR, _International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic, Update VI_, March 2021,\nwww.refworld.org/docid/606427d97.html, pp. 63, 134-137 (see sources referenced therein).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nUNGA Resolution 76/228 was adopted in December 2021 to commission a report to \u201cbolster efforts to clarify the fate and whereabouts of missing\npeople in the Syrian Arab Republic, identify human remains and provide support to families.\u201d\n\n###### **RISK 2: Impediments and restrictions to access resources, opportunities, services, documentation and justice**\n\nReflecting the protracted conflict (including displacement, insecurity, destruction of infrastructure and the impact of sanctions), combined with\nfactors leading to the degradation of the economy (i.e. water crisis, Covid-19, etc.) and corrupt institutions, GoS and the AANES have increasingly\nfailed to fulfil their obligations to meet the population\u2019s basic needs.\n\n\nThe continuous deterioration of the standard of living has led to a surge in poverty and harmful negative coping strategies. With the depletion of\nassets, households are increasingly faced with extremely limited options for securing the very basics of survival. Reflecting such desperation, there\nhas been an increase in child marriage from 47per cent of assessed communities in 2020 to 62 per cent in 2021. Child labour is now reported in\n76 per cent of communities (vs. 67 per cent in the previous year) and spread across governorates to varying degrees.\n\n\nAccess to civil documentation remains a challenge. GoS is the only entity issuing official civil documentation, with decreased capacities due to\ndestroyed infrastructure and overall lack of resources. People living in areas controlled by non-state actors face additional obstacles to accessing\nofficial documentation. Lack of officially recognized documentation has a significant impact on freedom of movement, housing, land and property\nrights (HLP) and access to basic services and humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nUnregistered children tend to face increasing challenges in accessing services, including health and education, and limitations on their freedom of\nmovement, and are at heightened risk of statelessness, exploitation and abuse. People (especially men) perceived as supporting the opposition\nand draft evaders are particularly reluctant to approach civil registry offices, for fear of arrest. Lack or loss of civil documentation has increased\nand is now reported in 80per cent of assessed communities, compared to 61 per cent in 2020.\n\n\nLaw no. 13/2021 has eased the process of obtaining legal documents by extending the deadline for registering vital events, allowing citizens to\nrequest documentation at any civil registry, enabling replacement of lost or damaged documents whenever needed and increasing the number of\nhousehold members allowed to request documentation. Fines imposed have however significantly increased.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nHousing, land and property (HLP) concerns relate mainly to damage/looting of land or property (17 per cent of HHs in GoS-controlled areas, 24\nper cent in NES), lack of documents (9 per cent and 30 per cent respectively) rental problems (11 per cent and 13 per cent) and disputed ownership\n\n(10 per cent and 21 per cent).\n\n\nIt is estimated that half of the private properties within\nSyria are either unregistered or lacking documents of\nownership.\n\n\nLack of HLP-related documentation was an issue also prior\nto the conflict (including e.g. ownership titles and rental\nagreements), without which claims prove challenging. In\naddition, civil documentation issues and high taxes on\ntransfers of ownership (between 15-25 per cent of a\nproperty\u2019s value) leads to HLP transactions often going\nundocumented, exposing owners and tenants to\nuncertainty in legal disputes as well as exploitation. An\ninsufficiently transparent, accountable and reliable justice\nsystem is causing additional obstacles for civilians to\naccess their rights. The freeze of assets and confiscation of\nproperty of those perceived to be opposing the\ngovernment, and in some cases their families and\nacquaintances, have also been reported.\n\n###### **RISK 3: Forced displacements and restrictions of movement**\n\n\nConflict in Syria has displaced 6.9 million people within the country. An overall reduction in fighting has led to a decrease in large-scale\ndisplacements over the past two years. Recent displacements have been concentrated around frontline areas and in areas of surge in conflict (e.g.\nDaraaa in 2021). 80 per cent of IDPs have been displaced for five years or more and the vast majority reside in urban settings. north-east Syria\nhosts 87,600 IDPs living in five formal camps, 42,000 IDPs in seven informal camps and 25,000 IDPs in 136 collective centres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nCamp administrations have in some cases withheld civilian documentation from residents, restricting their freedom of movement. Some camps,\nincluding Al Hol in Hassakeh Governorate, have been used as _de facto_ detention facilities by the AANES. The humanitarian and security situation\n\n\navailability and often poor quality of services. On numerous occasions, camp inhabitants have been attacked and killed by IS supporters in Al Hol\nCamp on account of their opposition to IS ideology or their affiliation with the Kurdish security forces. In 2021, 122 casualties (74 male and 48\nfemale) were reported, including 92 people killed and 30 injured. Humanitarian staff have been threatened and attacked. In January 2022 a medical\nworker operating in the camp was killed by an IS member.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nMore than half of the Al Hol camp residents are Iraqi nationals. From March 2021 to June 2022 over 2,500 Iraqis were repatriated. Registration is\nongoing and further return trips are planned over the coming months. Undocumented Iraqis and cases of mixed marriages (Iraqis with Syrian\nspouses) who were previously excluded from registration are now eligible for repatriation. Around 15 per cent of camp residents are non-Iraqi\nthird-country nationals whose countries of origin refuse to repatriate them.\n\n\nIDPs in urban areas in NES who have been displaced for several years have increasingly sought to move to camps such as Newroz and Areesha\ncamps in NES to have better access to basic services. The limited camp capacity has resulted in camp authorities evicting several IDPs families from\ncamps.\n\n\nDisplaced Syrians face a significant risk of their properties being confiscated under Law 10 (2018), as amended by law No. 42 of 2018. Law 10\nstipulates that the government can designate some areas for reconstruction and transfer ownership to the relevant authorities if proof of\nownership is not provided within one year of the decision. This is particularly challenging for people living outside the country and specifically for\nthose (perceived as being) affiliated with the opposition. The law has been criticised for its potential to create significant obstacles to return due\nto their complexity and ambiguity, paired with concerns about burdensome administrative processes.\n\n\nThe number of returnees remains very limited and has decreased over the years. UNHCR Regional Perception and Intention surveys have\nconsistently shown that safety and security are among the top reasons for refugees not intending to return [14] . According to an HNAP returnee\noverview report [15], in the first quarter of 2022, a total of 22,052 people returned to their places of origin (including 94 per cent from within Syria).\nNeed to protect assets and properties is the main reason cited by people who have returned to their place of origin. A major push factor for return\nis the deterioration of the economic situation in the place of displacement (a reason to return for 79 per cent of refugee returnees and 43 per cent\nof IDP returnees). Worsening of the security situation in the place of displacement is also a concern cited by 57 per cent of returnees coming from\noutside Syria (vs. 13 per cent of IDPs). Improvement of the security situation in the place of origin is a factor for 57 per cent of IDP returnees and\n41 per cent of refugee returnees. UNHCR continues to call on states not to forcibly return Syrian nationals and former habitual residents of Syria,\nincluding Palestinians previously residing in Syria, to any part of Syria, regardless of whether the area is under control of the Government or under\ncontrol of another state or non-state entity. [16]\n\n\n14 UNHCR has been carrying out Regional Perception and Intention Surveys (RPIS) of Syrian refugees since 2017 on their future intentions to ensure the\ncentrality of refugee voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform planning and programming\n\n\n15 Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme (HNAP) Syria. returnee overview report, in the first quarter of 2022\n\n\n16 UNHCR, _International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic, Update VI_, March 2021,\nwww.refworld.org/docid/606427d97.html, p. 213.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nAdvocacy continues by several actors including protection sector and the humanitarian coordinators against the policy of \u201cencampment\u201d on\nsecurity grounds by the AANES, for better living conditions in camps and for the repatriation of third-country nationals.\n\n###### **RISK 4: Gender-based violence**\n\n\nWomen and girls remain particularly at risk of multiple forms of discrimination and protection risks. The impact of the protracted conflict has been\nespecially detrimental for women and girls, who have been increasingly affected by various forms of GBV such as forced and child marriage,\n\ndomestic violence, sexual violence,\nharassment and exploitation,\n\u201chonor\u201d-related crimes, denial of\nresources and psychological and\nemotional abuse. Women and girls\nwithout male support provided by\ntheir (extended) family, including\nsingle, divorced and widowed women\nand girls, as well as women and girls\nwith disabilities face compounded\nvulnerabilities.\n\n\nWomen and girls with diverse sexual\norientations, gender identities and\nexpressions and sexual\ncharacteristics (SOGIESC) face GBV\nalongside other forms of\ndiscrimination and violence, while\nmen and boys also experience forms\nof sexual violence.\n\n\nGBV survivors often continue to face\nviolence following their aggression,\nas they are often rejected by their\nfamilies or targeted for \u201chonour\nkillings\u201d. According to the GBV\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\npartners, displaced women in camps and urban areas and girls face heightened risks of sexual violence.\n\n\nDisplaced women are facing particular barriers in accessing their HLP rights. Only a very small percentage of women have properties registered in\ntheir name, which significantly complicates attempts to restore formal ownership and access to properties, e.g. in the case of dead or missing\nhusbands.\n\n\nInstances of GBV continue to be severely underreported due to social stigma. Survivors tend to avoid seeking assistance, including due to a\nmandatory reporting law (article 390 of the Penal Code) which obliges medical workers to report incidents. In the context of a lack of accountability,\nthis can put survivors at risk of retaliation, including revenge/\u2019honour\u201d killing. The delivery of GBV assistance is hampered by government\nrestrictions, limited community acceptance and insufficient funding. In 2021, only 19 per cent of communities and neighborhoods were reached\nwith GBV services.\n\n\nThe impact of GBV on women and girls is tremendous and long-lasting, frequently aggravated by forms of victim blaming, social stigma, and\nisolation from the family and community. Despite seeking protection and health services, family and community support, women and girls are also\nincreasingly engaging in harmful and life-threatening coping mechanisms such as self-harm and suicide. The sense of being unable to escape GBV,\ncombined with the impact of eleven years of conflict and instability, is eroding women and girls\u2019 sense of hope and resilience.\n\n###### **Exposure to explosive ordnance**\n\n\nMines and explosive ordnance are reported to have killed 805 people and injured nearly 3,000 in Syria in 2021. Around half of the population in\nSyria is estimated to live in areas contaminated with explosive ordnance. Explosive ordnance contamination, in addition to endangering the lives\nof civilians, limits safe movements (including to deliver humanitarian aid), impacts economic opportunities (e.g. when agricultural land is\ncontaminated) and hampers broader early recovery efforts. Farmers and children are particularly vulnerable to the risk of explosive ordnance as\nmost casualties are associated with herding/farming activities, travelling from one place to another or children playing. Public and private spaces\nand infrastructure such as agricultural lands, roads and public pathways, schools, public buildings, and private property continue to remain\ninaccessible due to contamination with explosive ordnance. These limit return possibilities, rehabilitation of infrastructure and resumption of some\nservices. Although demining efforts have been undertaken by GoS, these remain marginal compared to the extent of the contamination.\nHumanitarian clearance interventions have been hampered by lengthy GoS approval processes, very limited in-country capacity and travel\nrestrictions for international humanitarian action workers.\n\n\nIn December 2021 the first humanitarian explosive ordnance intervention in GoS-controlled areas was launched in Rural Damascus as the first\nhumanitarian clearance intervention within the HCT-coordinated response, following years of long negotiations. A new mine action INGO was also\nregistered in Damascus, expanding the capacities for mine action survey and clearance. The mine action response however remains critically\nunderfunded\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n##### 4. PROTECTION SECTOR RESPONSE IN 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n##### 5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\n\nOngoing conflict, violence and severe human rights violations and abuses in government-controlled areas of Syria and areas controlled by nonstate actors in north-east Syria must be comprehensively addressed, with the Government of Syria as the primary duty-bearer in ensuring the\nprotection of all Syrians. The international community must continue to support communities across the country with urgently needed\nhumanitarian and protection assistance, particularly in light of the growing economic crisis coupled with continued rights violations, displacement\nand insecurity. Ensuring a scaled-up focus on protection and rights is foundational for a principled humanitarian response and early recovery\nefforts.\n\n\nRISK 1: Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention, torture or other cruel, inhuman or\ndegrading treatment or punishment\n\n\n - The Government of Syria and the parties to the conflict holding control of specific territories should ensure that detention is done in\naccordance with law and only for the necessary period to achieve the purpose of detention. Any person deprived of their liberty must be\ntreated humanely and with dignity, and afforded adequate conditions of detention, medical care, and the judicial or procedural guarantees\ncorresponding to their status. They should be protected from any form of torture or ill-treatment. Families must be kept informed of the\nwhereabouts of detainees and have the right to maintain a regular link with them.\n\n\n - The Government of Syria should hold accountable those responsible for torture and other forms of ill-treatment; release all those arbitrarily\ndetained in official and unofficial detention facilities merely for exercising their political and civil rights, as well as people with special needs,\nthe sick, and the elderly, and contribute to an international and independent effort to determine the fate of the thousands of people who\nhave disappeared.\n\n\n - UN Member States must continue to engage in consistent ways with the Government of Syria and parties to the conflict to promote respect\nfor IHL and international human rights law.\n\n\n - Children suspected of having been associated with armed groups should be accorded the special care and protection they are entitled\nunder IHL and should be treated accordingly with assurances of their safety and protection. Security screening of children should not result\nin detention. If so, this should be a measure of last resort, implemented for the shortest possible period of time and in accordance with\nrelevant and applicable provisions under IHL and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n - UN Member States must ensure foreign children are repatriated to their countries of origin urgently and in a manner consistent with their\nbest interests and basic rights, in line with the Key Principles for the Protection, Repatriation, Prosecution, Rehabilitation and Reintegration\nof Women and Children with links to United Nations Listed Terrorist Groups, April 2019.\n\n\n - Donors must support further specialized child protection services and interventions, recognizing the complexity of the situation of many\nchildren and urgency of their protection needs.\n\n\nRISK 2: Impediments and restrictions to access resources, opportunities, services, documentation and justice\n\n\n - The Government of Syria should protect the right of individuals to adequate housing, and stop any attempt to redesignate land and property\npertaining to displaced civilian population. This includes revising the application and implementation of Law No. 10 of 2018, to ensure the\nconditions for durable solutions for those displaced and a proper future settlement of the conflict.\n\n - The UN Security Council and member states should prioritize and engage the GoS, the Government of Turkey and parties to the conflict to\nprotect properties abandoned by IDPs/refugees from destruction, unlawful use and occupation, legal and/or physical appropriation, looting\nand trespassing.\n\n - The Government of Syria should extend legislation exempting people from fines due to delayed renewal or establishment of documentation.\n\n - The UN Security Council and member states should scale up dialogue with the GoS and all parties to respect the principle of humanity and ensure\nunimpeded, regular and sustained humanitarian access for humanitarian actors in all parts of Syria to be able to provide quality protection interventions\nusing all necessary modalities, including to women and children allegedly affiliated with designated armed groups and deprived of their liberty for purported\nsecurity reasons, and persons living in areas reporting explosive hazard contamination; respect independent protection needs assessments and protection\nmonitoring; commit to the protection of aid workers, local and international personnel alike, guaranteeing that they will not be penalized or targeted for\nhaving provided assistance, especially as lines of control change.\n\n - The international community and donors should advance and bolster social protection, inclusive livelihoods and cash-based support for\ncommunities, in an effort to address the sharp rise in negative coping mechanisms and related protection risks. The international community,\nin particular the US and the European Union should review unilateral sanctions, including provisions for humanitarian exemptions, with the\naim of lessening the sanctions\u2019 negative impact on the Syrian people, and foster Syrian people\u2019s rights to housing, health, and an adequate\nstandard of living and development. The Government of Syria and line ministries like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates, the\nMinistry of Social Affairs and Labour, as well as de-facto north-east authorities to (1) streamline and increase the transparency of registration\nprocedures for the humanitarian organizations; (2) enable the operations of new protection actors, including in terms of necessary staff, and\nequipment.\n\n - The Government of Syria should lift the provisions of the current NGO Law (Law No. 93 of 1958 and subsequent amendments) and its\nExecutive Regulations, and any other legal and enforcing mechanism criminalizing and/or preventing humanitarian organization and staff to\nprovide life-saving assistance.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n - The humanitarian Coordinators and UN leadership should prioritize and engage with the GoS and parties to the conflict to preserve the HLP\nrights of IDPs and refugees, including to protect properties abandoned by IDPs/refugees.\n\n\n - The Government of Syria should remove administrative impediments to humanitarian access, grant visas to international staff and facilitate\nthe delivery of supplies.\n\n\nRISK 3: Forced displacements and restrictions of movement\n\n\n - Camp authorities, the GoS and parties in the conflict should guarantee movements in and out of IDPs sites, consistent with respect for\nfreedom of movement, as grounded in international human rights law.\n\n - Camp authorities in north-east Syria should not confiscate official personal documentation. Efforts to restitute all personal documentation of\nIDPs in possession of the civil administration to the concerned IDP families should be accelerated.\n\n - Humanitarian actors should ensure ongoing monitoring and reporting on incidents linked to civil documentation, and The humanitarian\nCoordinators and UN leadership should raise related issues and trends with relevant authorities.\n\n - Kurdish Self Administration, Camp Administration, Displacement offices, SDF, Asayish, intelligence, must (1) allow adequate access to\nprotection actors to provide services in line with IHL and IHRL (2) ensure that any restriction of movement is based in law, proportionate to\nrisks, clearly communicated, transparently applied and weighed against people\u2019s needs.\n\n - The GoS, Kurdish Self administration in NES, SDF should ensure that (1) movement restrictions including through check-points are based in\nlaw, proportionate to risks, clearly communicated, transparently applied and weighed against people\u2019s needs, (2) information about any\narrests or detentions at check-points should be conveyed to family members, and (3) lack of civil documentation particularly should not limit\naccess of people to safety or areas with better services.\n\n\nRISK 4: Gender-based violence\n\n\n - The Government of Syria should lift the obligation for medical workers to report GBV incidents (article 390 of the Penal Code) in order to\navoid deterring survivors from accessing services.\n\n\n - All parties to the conflict, including the Government of the Syria, should: (1) immediately cease all forms of gender-based violence, including\nconflict related sexual violence, in compliance with relevant Security Council resolutions; (2) ensure that victims of sexual violence\ncommitted by terrorist groups designated as such by the United Nations are treated as victims of terrorism and entitled to support, including\nreparations and redress; (3) provide full cooperation in identifying missing, abducted and arbitrarily detained women and girls, and facilitate\ntheir safe return to their families and (4) adopt timebound commitments to prevent and address conflict-related sexual violence, and\nmonitor their compliance, including through the Informal Expert Group on Women and Peace and Security.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HCT-coordinated response: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n - The Humanitarian Coordination, donors and protection partners should scale up GBV specialized services to ensure stable, continuous and\nnational coverage that enables that proper identification of survivors and adequate access to tailored and responsive supports and\nassistance.\n\n - The humanitarian coordination and donors should ensure additional capacity with respect to gender-responsive action, including through\nthe deployment of women\u2019s protection advisors, gender advisors and GBV specialists.\n\n\nRISK 5: Exposure to explosive ordnance\n\n\n - Donors should acknowledge that mine action is a comprehensive approach that requires flexible and sustained funding across all pillars of\nintervention (survey, clearance victims assistance, explosive ordnance risk education, coordination). Donors must scale up support to mine\naction survey and clearance to reduce the impact of explosive ordnance, to remove contamination threats and to render areas safe for\nthe civilian population and in recognition of the particular impacts on children.\n\n - Donors and the Humanitarian Coordination should ensure that humanitarian mine action partners conducting surveys and clearance\nand/or explosive ordnance risk education comply with the recently endorsed International Mine Action Standard (IMAS) 13.10 on Victim\nAssistance in Mine Action.\n\n - Donors and humanitarian actors must recognise that humanitarian mine action is a key enabler to many aspects of the humanitarian\nresponse and a prerequisite to an immediate and long-term recovery in Syria. They must ensure that humanitarian mine action activities\nare more strongly integrated into other sectors of the humanitarian response through comprehensive programming.\n\n - Donors and humanitarian mine action actors should prioritise mainstreaming conflict sensitivity into activities to ensure that interventions\nhave no negative effects on local conflict dynamics, but that where possible this impact is transformative.\n\n - The Government of Syria must facilitate registration of humanitarian mine action actors in order to ensure presence of technical expertise\nand resources to scale up survey and clearance efforts. The Government of Syria must reduce hindrances to approval processes, including\nthe revision of challenging regulations and the lifting of travel restrictions for humanitarian workers to ensure systematic and continuous\nclearance interventions.\n\n - The Humanitarian Coordination, donors and stakeholders should advocate to allow humanitarian mine action organizations to operate\nacross hubs ensuring comprehensive geographic coverage, efficient sharing of expertise and resources, and continuity of the delivery of\nkey lifesaving humanitarian mine action services driven by priority needs of impacted communities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6272752b-76eb-4e67-b486-d8d00879f8d8/GOS-and-NES-PAU-June-2022-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_421/raw/doc_421_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_421/raw/doc_421_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 21479809df2c5c75ad38bc7d9483ff8a7d7bcc6f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_421/raw/doc_421_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "El Comit\u00e9 de Revisi\u00f3n de la Hambruna (FRC) de la CIF confirm\u00f3 Hambruna\n(Fase 5 de la CIF) **[1]** en **Sud\u00e1n** en julio de 2024, en el campamento de Zamzam,\nen Darfur del Norte, la primera vez desde 2020 a nivel mundial. La Hambruna\nse identific\u00f3 en otras cuatro \u00e1reas en octubre-noviembre y se proyect\u00f3\nen otras cinco entre diciembre de 2024 y mayo de 2025. El FRC tambi\u00e9n\nidentific\u00f3 riesgo de Hambruna en otras 17 \u00e1reas durante este per\u00edodo.\n\n\n\nLa cifra correspondiente a 2020 ha sido actualizada para reflejar las revisiones de Flowminder al an\u00e1lisis de\nla CIF en Afganist\u00e1n.\n\n_Fuentes: FSIN, usando datos de CIF, CH, FEWS NET, PMA, SADC y OCHA de 2016\u20132024._\n\n\nEn marzo de 2024, el FRC proyect\u00f3 una Hambruna inminente en\n**Palestina** (Franja de Gaza). Tras mayores suministros y asistencia\nhumanitaria, los datos de junio no confirmaron la Hambruna, aunque el\nriesgo se mantuvo el resto del a\u00f1o en Gaza.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1** El Gobierno de Sud\u00e1n no aval\u00f3 este an\u00e1lisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4504903-0649-4b72-8af5-3a11306b08c4/GRFC2025-brief-es.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**La gravedad de la inseguridad alimentaria aguda se intensific\u00f3 en 2024** **[2]**\n\n\n\nDe los 295,3 millones de personas enfrentando altos niveles de inseguridad\nalimentaria aguda en 2024, 227,1 millones estaban en 40 pa\u00edses o territorios\ncon an\u00e1lisis de las metodolog\u00edas CIF/CH o equivalentes, y por lo tanto\ncontaban con datos desagregados por fase.\n\n\nEl n\u00famero de personas en situaci\u00f3n de Cat\u00e1strofe (Fase 5 de la CIF/\nCH) m\u00e1s que se duplic\u00f3 entre 2023 y 2024, principalmente por\nconflictos. M\u00e1s del 95 por ciento estaban en **Palestina** (Franja de Gaza) y\n**Sud\u00e1n**, aunque tambi\u00e9n hubo poblaciones en **Sud\u00e1n del Sur**, **Hait\u00ed** y **Mal\u00ed** . En\n2023, esta cifra ya hab\u00eda alcanzado el m\u00e1ximo registrado por el GRFC, casi el\ndoble que en 2022. En esta fase, las personas enfrentan una falta extrema de\nalimentos y agotamiento de capacidades de afrontamiento, lo que conduce\na la inanici\u00f3n, desnutrici\u00f3n aguda y muerte.\n\n\nM\u00e1s de 35 millones de personas en 36 pa\u00edses o territorios estaban en\nEmergencia (Fase 4 de la CIF/CH), con nueve pa\u00edses registrando m\u00e1s\nde un mill\u00f3n de personas en esta fase en 2024. **Sud\u00e1n** tuvo la cifra m\u00e1s alta,\ncon m\u00e1s de 8 millones, es decir, 2 millones m\u00e1s que en 2023. En **Chad**, la\npoblaci\u00f3n en la Fase 4 de la CIF/CH m\u00e1s que se duplic\u00f3. **Kenia** mostr\u00f3 la\nmejora m\u00e1s significativa. Las poblaciones en esta fase requieren acciones\nurgentes y a gran escala para reducir las brechas en el consumo de\nalimentos y evitar el colapso de los medios de vida, la inanici\u00f3n y un\ndeterioro de la desnutrici\u00f3n aguda y la mortalidad.\n\n\nAlrededor de 190 millones de personas en 40 pa\u00edses o territorios\nestaban en Crisis (Fase 3 de la CIF/CH) en 2024, el 19 por ciento de la\npoblaci\u00f3n analizada. Esto representa una leve alza respecto al 18 por ciento\nen 2023. Las poblaciones en esta fase requieren acciones urgentes para\n\n\n\nfig. 2 **N\u00famero de personas en situaci\u00f3n de Cat\u00e1strofe**\n**(Fase 5 de la CIF/CH), 2016\u20132024**\n\n\n\n\n\nEn **5**\npa\u00edses\n\n**1,9M**\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n_Fuente: FSIN, utilizando datos de la CIF y CH._\n\n\nfig. 3 **Pa\u00edses o territorios con poblaciones proyectadas en situaci\u00f3n**\n**de Cat\u00e1strofe (Fase 5 de la CIF/CH), 2024**\n\n\n\nPALESTINA (FRANJA DE GAZA)\n\n\nSUD\u00c1N\n\n\nSUD\u00c1N DEL SUR\n\n\nHAIT\u00cd\n\n\nMAL\u00cd\n\n\n\n**1 106 900**\n\n\n**755 300**\n\n\n**79 000**\n\n\n**5 600**\n\n\n**2 600**\n\n\n\n_Fuentes: Grupos de Trabajo T\u00e9cnico de la CIF, 2023 y 2024; Iniciativa Global de la CIF, 2024; CH, 2024._\n\n\nproteger sus medios de vida y reducir brechas en el consumo de alimentos.\n\n\nCasi 345 millones de personas en 39 pa\u00edses estaban en Acentuada\n(Fase 2 de la CIF/CH) en 2024. Equivalen al 35 por ciento de la\npoblaci\u00f3n analizada, un alza frente al 32 por ciento en 2023. Las poblaciones\nen esta fase son vulnerables a perturbaciones y requieren apoyo para reducir\nriesgos vinculados a desastres y proteger sus medios de vida.\n\n\n\n**Los pa\u00edses o territorios con las mayores crisis alimentarias en 2024**\n\n\n\n**Nigeria**, **Sud\u00e1n**, **Rep\u00fablica** **Democr\u00e1tica** **del** **Congo** y **Bangladesh** tuvieron\nel mayor n\u00famero de personas con altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria\naguda en 2024, cada uno con al menos 23 millones. Estos cuatro pa\u00edses\nrepresentaron m\u00e1s de un tercio de las personas en situaci\u00f3n de Crisis o peor\n(Fase 3 o superior de la CIF/CH). Les siguieron **Etiop\u00eda**, **Yemen**, **Afganist\u00e1n**,\n**Myanmar**, **Pakist\u00e1n** y la **Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria**, cada uno con entre 9 y\n22 millones de personas afectadas.\n\n\n**Palestina** (Franja de Gaza) tuvo la mayor proporci\u00f3n de su poblaci\u00f3n\ncon altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda en 2024, estimada al\n100 por ciento, igual que en 2023. Alrededor de la mitad de la poblaci\u00f3n\nenfrent\u00f3 altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda en **Hait\u00ed**, **Sud\u00e1n**\n**del** **Sur**, **Sud\u00e1n** y **Yemen** . En **Afganist\u00e1n**, **Rep\u00fablica Centroafricana**,\n**Namibia**, **Rep\u00fablica** **\u00c1rabe** **Siria** y **Zambia**, la proporci\u00f3n fue de al menos\n33 por ciento.\n\n\nComo muestra la figura 4, **Afganist\u00e1n**, **Sud\u00e1n**, la **Rep\u00fablica** **\u00c1rabe** **Siria** y\n**Yemen** estaban entre los diez pa\u00edses con tanto el mayor n\u00famero como la\nmayor proporci\u00f3n de personas enfrentando altos niveles de inseguridad\nalimentaria aguda.\n\n\nAlgunas de los cambios anuales m\u00e1s significativas se registraron en\npa\u00edses con las mayores crisis alimentarias. **Nigeria** sum\u00f3 6,9 millones de\npersonas con altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda, alcanzando\n31,8 millones, debido al conflicto en aumento, la inflaci\u00f3n y una mayor\ncobertura del an\u00e1lisis. **Sud\u00e1n** tuvo 5,3 millones m\u00e1s, alcanzando\n25,6 millones, principalmente por los impactos del conflicto. En Myanmar,\nel n\u00famero aument\u00f3 en 3,7 millones, alcanzando 14,4 millones, debido al\n\n\n2 No fue posible desagregar por fases en las \u00e1reas sin an\u00e1lisis de la CIF/CH, donde 68,2 millones de personas\nenfrentaron altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda.\n\n\n\n_Fuentes: Grupos de Trabajo T\u00e9cnico de la CIF, 2024; Iniciativa Global de la CIF, 2024; CH, 2024; FEWS NET (Etiop\u00eda), 2024; Grupo de_\n_Trabajo T\u00e9cnico de la CIF, FSC (Yemen), 2024; PMA (metodolog\u00eda CARI), 2024. Prean\u00e1lisis de Myanmar realizado bajo el HNRP_\n\n\nconflicto intensificado, graves inundaciones y deslizamientos de tierra.\n**Etiop\u00eda** tuvo una crisis alimentaria agravada, sumando 2,3 millones de\npersonas adicionales con altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda\ndurante la temporada de escasez en las zonas agr\u00edcolas de Belg y Meher,\nimpulsada por sequ\u00edas, inundaciones, perturbaciones econ\u00f3micas as\u00ed como\nconflicto e inseguridad.\n\n\nAunque el n\u00famero baj\u00f3 en 4,1 millones en **Afganist\u00e1n**, por la provisi\u00f3n de\nasistencia humanitaria alimentaria y agr\u00edcola, buenas cosechas y menor\ninflaci\u00f3n, 15,8 millones de personas a\u00fan estaban afectadas.\n\n\nExcepto **Myanmar**, **Namibia**, **Pakist\u00e1n** y **Palestina**, todos los pa\u00edses o\nterritorios de la figura 4 presentan crisis alimentarias prolongadas, ya que\nse han incluido en las nueve ediciones del GRFC. Los 35 pa\u00edses del GRFC\ncon crisis alimentarias prolongadas tienen entre el 80 y el 94 por ciento de la\npoblaci\u00f3n afectada cada a\u00f1o.\n\n\n\nfig. 4 **Pa\u00edses o territorios con el mayor n\u00famero y la mayor proporci\u00f3n de**\n**personas enfrentando altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4504903-0649-4b72-8af5-3a11306b08c4/GRFC2025-brief-es.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**El mal estado de salud, las dietas inadecuadas y el acceso limitado a servicios de cuidado impulsaron las crisis nutricionales**\n\n\n\nEn 2024, hubo crisis nutricionales en 26 de los 53 pa\u00edses o territorios con\ndatos en el GRFC. Casi todos ten\u00edan zonas clasificadas en Cr\u00edtica (Fase\n4 de la CIF-DA), donde al menos el 15 por ciento de los ni\u00f1os de entre 6 y\n59 meses sufr\u00edan desnutrici\u00f3n aguda. **Sud\u00e1n**, **Yemen**, **Mal\u00ed** y **Palestina**\n(Franja de Gaza) tuvieron las crisis m\u00e1s graves. Se confirm\u00f3 Hambruna\n(Fase 5 de la CIF) en **Sud\u00e1n**, mientras que **Yemen** y **Mal\u00ed** tuvieron zonas\nen Extremadamente Cr\u00edtica (Fase 5 de la CIF-DA). **Palestina** (Franja de\nGaza) ten\u00eda un tercio de su territorio en Cr\u00edtica (Fase 4 de la CIF-DA) y\ntodo el territorio enfrentaba riesgo de Hambruna.\n\n\nSe estima que 37,7 millones de ni\u00f1os de entre 6 y 59 meses sufrieron\ndesnutrici\u00f3n aguda en estos 26 pa\u00edses o territorios, con m\u00e1s de\n10 millones padeciendo desnutrici\u00f3n aguda severa (SAM), la forma m\u00e1s\npeligrosa de desnutrici\u00f3n aguda. **Nigeria** (noreste y noroeste) tuvo la\ncifra m\u00e1s alta (m\u00e1s de 5,4 millones), seguida por **Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica**\n**del Congo**, **Sud\u00e1n**, **Afganist\u00e1n**, **Etiop\u00eda**, **Yemen** y **Pakist\u00e1n** . Estos siete\npa\u00edses tambi\u00e9n estuvieron entre los diez con mayor n\u00famero de personas\nenfrentando altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda.\n\n\nCuatro pa\u00edses fueron se\u00f1alados como preocupantes en materia\nnutricional \u2013 **L\u00edbano**, **Myanmar**, **Rep\u00fablica** **\u00c1rabe** **Siria** y **Argelia**\n(refugiados saharauis) \u2013 ya que, pese a la disponibilidad limitada\nde datos sobre resultados nutricionales, los factores contextuales\nindicaron alta vulnerabilidad nutricional y riesgo de deterioro.\n\n\nLos factores contribuyentes a la desnutrici\u00f3n son complejos, y abarcan\ndesde problemas estructurales de larga data hasta choques repentinos.\nEl conflicto y la inseguridad fueron factores principales en la mayor\u00eda de\nlas crisis nutricionales, limitando el acceso a servicios esenciales. Las\ninundaciones extendidas agravaron los riesgos sanitarios, en particular\nen campamentos de desplazados sobrepoblados en **Sud\u00e1n**, **Sud\u00e1n**\n**del Sur** y **Chad** . El c\u00f3lera y la diarrea fueron factores de riesgo clave\nen 19 pa\u00edses, y la escasez global de vacunas dificult\u00f3 los esfuerzos de\ncontrol. Se notificaron m\u00e1s de 800 000 casos de c\u00f3lera a nivel mundial,\n\n\n\nLas estimaciones de la carga de MAM y SAM estuvieron disponibles para todas las crisis nutricionales,\nexcepto en Bangladesh (Cox\u2019s Bazar), que solo tuvo estimaciones de SAM.\n\n_Fuentes: Grupos de Trabajo T\u00e9cnico de la CIF, OCHA-HNO 2024 (Etiop\u00eda y Yemen), An\u00e1lisis de puntos cr\u00edticos de seguridad_\n_alimentaria y nutrici\u00f3n del PMA-UNICEF 2024 (Mauritania y Senegal), UNICEF HAC (Cox\u2019s Bazar), Cl\u00faster de Nutrici\u00f3n de Sud\u00e1n._\n\n\n**10,9M** **de mujeres embarazadas y lactantes con**\n**desnutrici\u00f3n aguda en 21 pa\u00edses con crisis nutricionales**\n**y datos disponibles, 2024.**\n\n\nNo hubo datos sobre mujeres embarazadas y lactantes en cinco pa\u00edses ni entre las poblaciones desplazadas\nen Chad, lo que resalta la necesidad de fortalecer el monitoreo de la desnutrici\u00f3n materna en contextos\nfr\u00e1giles.\n\n_Fuentes: Grupos de Trabajo T\u00e9cnico de la CIF, HNO (Etiop\u00eda y Yemen)._\n\n\nprincipalmente en **Afganist\u00e1n**, **Pakist\u00e1n**, **Sud\u00e1n** y **Yemen** . Se reportaron\nbrotes de sarampi\u00f3n \u2013 enfermedad a la que los ni\u00f1os desnutridos,\nespecialmente aquellos con niveles bajos de vitamina A, son muy\nvulnerables \u2013 en 15 pa\u00edses debido a una baja cobertura de vacunaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn 19 pa\u00edses, una proporci\u00f3n baja de ni\u00f1os de entre 6 y 23 meses tuvo una\ndieta m\u00ednimamente aceptable, poni\u00e9ndolos en riesgo de desnutrici\u00f3n aguda.\nLos ni\u00f1os en pobreza alimentaria severa \u2013 que consumen como m\u00e1ximo dos\ngrupos de alimentos al d\u00eda \u2013 tienen un 50 por ciento m\u00e1s de riesgo de sufrir\ndesnutrici\u00f3n aguda que aquellos que consumen cinco o m\u00e1s grupos de\nalimentos al d\u00eda.\n\n\n\nfig. 5 **N\u00famero de ni\u00f1os de entre 6 y 59 meses con desnutrici\u00f3n aguda en**\n**26 pa\u00edses o territorios con crisis nutricionales, 2024**\n\n\n\n**10,2M**\n**ni\u00f1os con**\n**desnutrici\u00f3n**\n**aguda**\n**severa**\n\n\n\n**27,4M**\n**ni\u00f1os con**\n**desnutrici\u00f3n**\n**aguda**\n**moderada**\n\n\n\n\n\n**El desplazamiento sigui\u00f3 aumentando en 2024, impulsado por conflictos y fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos cada vez m\u00e1s intensos**\n\n\n\nEl n\u00famero de personas desplazadas forzosamente en los 53 pa\u00edses o\nterritorios alcanz\u00f3 95,8 millones en 2024, un alza del 4 por ciento respecto a\n2023, continuando la tendencia ascendente observada desde 2013.\n\n\nA nivel mundial, el 95 por ciento de las personas desplazadas internamente\n(PDI) y el 70 por ciento de los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo viven en\npa\u00edses o territorios con crisis alimentarias, impulsadas por conflictos,\nviolencia y fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos extremos cada vez m\u00e1s intensos. La\nmitad de todas las PDI en pa\u00edses con crisis alimentarias se encontraba en\n**Colombia**, **Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo**, **Sud\u00e1n** y **Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe**\n**Siria** . **Sud\u00e1n** tuvo el mayor alza desde 2023 (+27 por ciento), seguido de\n**Myanmar** y **Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria** .\n\n\nEl desplazamiento poblacional tiene efectos graves sobre la seguridad\nalimentaria, ya que impacta la disponibilidad, el acceso, el uso y la\nestabilidad de los alimentos. No obstante, en 2024 solo se dispon\u00eda de\ndatos sobre inseguridad alimentaria aguda de poblaciones desplazadas y\nresidentes en 15 de los 53 pa\u00edses o territorios incluidos en el GRFC.\n\n\nLos datos revelan una tendencia clara y consistente: la prevalencia de altos\nniveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda es mayor entre las poblaciones\ndesplazadas y los retornados que entre los residentes. Las poblaciones\ndesplazadas tambi\u00e9n estuvieron entre quienes enfrentaron una situaci\u00f3n\nde Cat\u00e1strofe (Fase 5 de la CIF/CH) en todos los pa\u00edses o territorios que\ntuvieron poblaciones en esta fase en 2024.\n\n\n\nfig. 6 **N\u00famero de personas desplazadas forzosamente en pa\u00edses o territorios**\n**con crisis alimentarias y datos que cumplen los requisitos t\u00e9cnicos del**\n**GRFC, 2024**\n\n\n\n**32 pa\u00edses o**\n**territorios**\n\n\n\n**24,0M**\n**de refugiados y**\n**solicitantes de**\n**asilo en 51 pa\u00edses**\n\n\n\n_Fuente: Gobierno de Colombia 2024, HNRP 2024, IDMC 2024, OIM 2024, OCHA 2024, estimaciones ahora proyectadas del ACNUR_\n_2024, UNRWA 2024._\n\n\nfig. 7 **N\u00famero de personas desplazadas en pa\u00edses o territorios con crisis**\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n|rias y datos que cumplen los requisitos t\u00e9cnicos del GRFC, 24|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n\n\n**2013 2014** **2015** **2016** **2017** **2018** **2019** **2020** **2021** **2022** **2023** **2024**\n\n\n_Fuentes: 2013\u20132023: ACNUR, IDMC, UNRWA; 2024: Estimaciones actuales de ACNUR (diciembre 2024), OIM, UNRWA._\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4504903-0649-4b72-8af5-3a11306b08c4/GRFC2025-brief-es.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Factores interrelacionados se superponen a las vulnerabilidades estructurales de los pa\u00edses**\n\n\n\n**El conflicto y la inseguridad** fueron el factor principal en 20 pa\u00edses o\nterritorios donde hubo casi 140 millones de personas afectadas en\n2024. **Hait\u00ed**, **L\u00edbano**, **Myanmar**, **Nigeria**, **Palestina** (Franja de Gaza) y **Sud\u00e1n**\nvieron un aumento de los conflictos y la inseguridad, lo que provoc\u00f3\ndesplazamientos de poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**Los fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos extremos** fueron el principal factor\nen 18 pa\u00edses donde hubo m\u00e1s de 96 millones de personas afectadas\nen 2024. Las temperaturas medias mundiales alcanzaron niveles hist\u00f3ricos,\n\n\n\nimpulsadas por un evento de El Ni\u00f1o que intensific\u00f3 las olas de calor y las\nsequ\u00edas, especialmente en \u00c1frica Meridional. Lluvias intensas, inundaciones\ny deslizamientos de tierra provocaron desplazamientos extendidos en\n**Afganist\u00e1n**, **Banglad\u00e9s**, el **Cuerno de \u00c1frica**, **Myanmar**, **Pakist\u00e1n**, el **Sahel**,\n**Nigeria** y **Sud\u00e1n** .\n\n\n**Las crisis econ\u00f3micas** fueron el principal factor en 15 pa\u00edses donde\nhubo m\u00e1s de 59 millones de personas afectadas en 2024, en\nparticular en **Yemen**, **Afganist\u00e1n**, la **Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria** y **Sud\u00e1n** **del** **Sur** .\nEsta cifra duplica el n\u00famero de pa\u00edses afectados en 2019.\n\n\n\n**Perturbaciones recurrentes y cada vez m\u00e1s intensas est\u00e1n impulsando la inseguridad alimentaria aguda en 2025**\n\n\n\n**\u00c1frica Central y Meridional**\n\n\nSe prev\u00e9 que un conflicto mayor en el este de la **Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica**\n**del Congo** podr\u00e1 causar un deterioro de la inseguridad alimentaria aguda,\nen un contexto de severas perturbaciones econ\u00f3micas y altos niveles\nde desplazamiento. Las proyecciones disponibles indican una situaci\u00f3n\ndeteriorada en **Zimbabue**, basadas en altos precios de los alimentos y\nescasos ingresos hasta la cosecha de abril. No obstante, en las principales\nzonas cerealeras de la regi\u00f3n se espera que las lluvias a inicios de 2025\nbeneficien la producci\u00f3n de cultivos y mejoren las oportunidades de empleo\nagr\u00edcola hasta abril de 2025, ayudando a la recuperaci\u00f3n tras la intensa\nsequ\u00eda de 2024.\n\n\n**\u00c1frica Oriental**\n\n\nEn **Sud\u00e1n**, persiste una grave emergencia humanitaria. Se prev\u00e9 para\nprincipios de 2025 una situation alimentaria severa, a pesar de los efectos\natenuantes de las cosechas. Diez \u00e1reas enfrentan Hambruna, y otras 17\nenfrentan riesgo de Hambruna, incluso antes de la temporada de escasez de\njunio a septiembre. Se prev\u00e9 tambi\u00e9n un empeoramiento de la inseguridad\nalimentaria aguda en **Kenia**, **Somalia** y **Sud\u00e1n** **del** **Sur** . En **Sud\u00e1n del Sur**,\nlos severos desaf\u00edos macroecon\u00f3micos limitan el acceso a los alimentos en\nmedio de enfrentamientos armados crecientes y la continua afluencia de\nrefugiados desde **Sud\u00e1n** . Mayores sequ\u00edas en zonas a\u00fan en recuperaci\u00f3n de\nla sequ\u00eda de 2020\u20132023, particularmente en partes de **Somalia** . En zonas de\n**Kenia** y **Etiop\u00eda** se observan baja producci\u00f3n de cereales, condiciones de\npastoreo degradadas y altos precios de los alimentos.\n\n\n**\u00c1frica Occidental y el Sahel**\n\n\nLas proyecciones disponibles para 11 pa\u00edses para el periodo junio\u2013agosto\nmuestran un deterioro de la situaci\u00f3n alimentaria en comparaci\u00f3n con el\npico de 2024 en cinco pa\u00edses, y mejoras en seis. Los efectos persistentes\nde las inundaciones de 2024 y el conflicto continuo, sobre todo en el\nSahel Central, plantean desaf\u00edos al acceso y disponibilidad de alimentos,\nparticularmente en **Chad**, **Mal\u00ed** y **Nigeria** . La alta inflaci\u00f3n persistente,\nespecialmente en **Nigeria** y **Sierra** **Leona**, mantendr\u00e1 elevados los precios\nde los alimentos. La favorable temporada agr\u00edcola 2024/25 mejorar\u00e1 la\ndisponibilidad alimentaria en 2025 en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses, excepto en\n**Senegal**, aliviando ligeramente las crisis alimentarias en algunos casos.\n\n\n**Asia**\n\n\nSe espera que los fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos extremos sean un factor clave\nde los altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda. Su impacto adverso\nen la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola agravar\u00e1 a\u00fan m\u00e1s la fr\u00e1gil situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de\nla regi\u00f3n. Las condiciones m\u00e1s secas y c\u00e1lidas de lo normal en la primavera\nde 2025 afectaron los cultivos de secano en **Afganist\u00e1n** y hay preocupaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\npor sequ\u00edas emergentes en zonas de Punyab, Baluchist\u00e1n y Sindh, en\n**Pakist\u00e1n** . En **Myanmar**, donde el conflicto contin\u00faa intensific\u00e1ndose, la\nproyecci\u00f3n de un empeoramiento de la inseguridad alimentaria aguda se\nhizo antes del terremoto de marzo de 2025, que destruy\u00f3 infraestructura y\ncort\u00f3 el acceso a servicios esenciales. La respuesta de emergencia se vio\nlimitada por la falta de financiamiento y acceso humanitario, en un contexto\nde creciente preocupaci\u00f3n por las poblaciones mas vulnerables.\n\n\n**Europa**\n\n\n**Ucrania** sigue sufriendo ataques en el oriente, nororiente y sur, lo que\nobstaculiza gravemente la entrega de asistencia. La destrucci\u00f3n de\ninfraestructura, incluidas redes el\u00e9ctricas, suministro de agua y sistemas\nde transporte, seguir\u00e1 limitando servicios b\u00e1sicos, especialmente para\nlas personas que viven en las regiones de conflicto activo y cerca de la\nFederaci\u00f3n Rusa. La devastaci\u00f3n de los centros agr\u00edcolas e industriales en el\neste ha interrumpido las econom\u00edas urbanas, profundizando la pobreza.\n\n\n**Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe**\n\n\nSe prev\u00e9 que la creciente inseguridad y el deterioro econ\u00f3mico en **Hait\u00ed**\ny el conflicto en **Colombia** sean factores clave en 2025. Condiciones m\u00e1s\nsecas y c\u00e1lidas amenazan a Am\u00e9rica Central y el noreste de Am\u00e9rica del Sur,\nplanteando riesgos extendidos para la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, la disponibilidad\nde alimentos y los medios de vida. En los tres pa\u00edses con proyecciones\npara 2025, **Hait\u00ed** enfrenta un mayor deterioro de la situaci\u00f3n alimentaria,\nincluyendo m\u00e1s personas en Cat\u00e1strofe (Fase 5 de la CIF). Una temporada\nagr\u00edcola superior al promedio deber\u00eda mejorar la situaci\u00f3n en **Guatemala**,\naunque persisten focos de altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria aguda.\nEn **El Salvador**, los niveles proyectados de inseguridad alimentaria aguda\nsubrayan la baja resiliencia de los hogares durante la temporada de escasez.\n\n\n**Oriente Medio y el Norte de \u00c1frica**\n\n\nEl cese al fuego de inicios de 2025 en **Palestina** (Franja de Gaza) condujo\na menos hostilidades y m\u00e1s asistencia humanitaria. No obstante, desde\nmarzo, los pasos hacia la Franja han estado cerrados, bloqueando la entrada\nde ayuda, alimentos, combustible y suministros m\u00e9dicos. Los combates,\nreanudados a mediados de marzo, provocaron nuevos desplazamientos\ny un mayor deterioro alimentario. La violencia creciente en **Palestina**\n(Cisjordania) probablemente seguir\u00e1 afectando los medios de vida. La\nsituaci\u00f3n en **L\u00edbano** sigue siendo inestable, sobre todo en el sur del pa\u00eds y en\nel sur de Beirut, lo que impide el retorno de desplazados y la recuperaci\u00f3n\nde medios de vida, debido a la fuerte destrucci\u00f3n de infraestructura. En\n**Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Siria**, la inseguridad sigue durante la transici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica.\nEn **Yemen**, la ayuda alimentaria limitada, el colapso econ\u00f3mico y el riesgo\nde escasez de comida y combustible agravan una crisis ya severa, mientras\nnuevos combates afectan zonas del norte.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4504903-0649-4b72-8af5-3a11306b08c4/GRFC2025-brief-es.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_422/raw/doc_422_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_422/raw/doc_422_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 40a90e8d983439fb702790f4f9b37d2c1fb2649a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_422/raw/doc_422_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions \u00e9conomiques et m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nl\u2019aide humanitaire.\n\n\nLe comit\u00e9 de revue de la famine de l\u2019IPC (FRC) a confirm\u00e9 une famine (phase\n5 de l\u2019IPC)\u00b9 dans le camp de Zamzam, dans le nord du Darfour au **Soudan**\nen juillet 2024, la premi\u00e8re depuis 2020 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Une famine a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e dans quatre autres zones du pays en octobre-novembre et\nprojet\u00e9e dans cinq autres en d\u00e9cembre 2024-mai 2025. Le FRC a \u00e9galement\nidentifi\u00e9 un risque de famine dans 17 autres zones au cours de cette p\u00e9riode.\n\n\n\nLes chiffres pour 2020 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 jour pour refl\u00e9ter les modifications des populations li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation\nde _Flowminder_ pour les analyse IPC en Afghanistan.\n\n\n_Source: FSIN, \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es IPC, CH, FEWS NET, WFP, SADC et OCHA, 2016\u20132024._\n\n\nEn mars 2024, le FRC a projet\u00e9 une famine imminente en **Palestine** (bande\nde Gaza). Suite \u00e0 un accroissement des approvisionnements et de l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire, les donn\u00e9es disponibles en juin n\u2019indiquaient pas sa survenue,\nmais le risque de famine a persist\u00e9 pendant le reste de l\u2019ann\u00e9e dans\nl\u2019enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 de la bande de Gaza.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00b9 Le gouvernement soudanais n\u2019a pas approuv\u00e9 cette analyse.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b453cbe-f34e-4441-a5dd-64c42c322c77/GRFC2025-brief-fr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**La s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb a augment\u00e9 en 2024** **[2]**\n\n\n\nSur les 295,3 millions de personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb en 2024, 227,1 millions se trouvaient dans les\n40 pays/territoires disposant de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par phase, issues\nd\u2019analyses IPC/CH ou \u00e9quivalentes.\n\n\nLe nombre de personnes en catastrophe (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC/CH) a plus\nque doubl\u00e9 entre 2023 et 2024, principalement en raison des conflits.\nPlus de 95 pour cent de ces personnes se trouvaient en **Palestine**, dans la\nbande de Gaza, et au **Soudan**, le reste \u00e9tant au **Soudan du Sud,** \u00e0 **Ha\u00efti** et au\n**Mali.** Le nombre de personnes dans cette phase avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 doubl\u00e9 entre 2022\net 2023. Dans cette phase d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb, les populations\nsont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 un manque extr\u00eame de nourriture et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9puisement de\nleurs capacit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation. Des niveaux d\u2019inanition, de d\u00e9c\u00e8s, de\nd\u00e9nuement et de malnutrition aigu\u00eb critiques sont \u00e9vidents.\n\n\nPlus de 35 millions de personnes dans 36 pays ou territoires \u00e9taient\nen urgence (phase 4 de l\u2019IPC/CH). Neuf pays comptaient plus d\u2019un\nmillion de personnes dans cette phase, le **Soudan** ayant le plus grand\nnombre, avec plus de 8 millions, 2 millions de plus qu\u2019en 2023. Au **Tchad**, la\npopulation en phase 4 du CH a plus que doubl\u00e9. Le **Kenya** a connu\nl\u2019am\u00e9lioration la plus significative. Les populations dans cette phase\nn\u00e9cessitent une action urgente pour r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9ficits de consommation\nalimentaire et pr\u00e9venir l\u2019effondrement des moyens de subsistance,\nl\u2019inanition, et l\u2019augmentation de la malnutrition aigu\u00eb et de la mortalit\u00e9.\n\n\nEnviron 190 millions de personnes dans 40 pays ou territoires \u00e9taient\nen crise (phase 3 de l\u2019IPC/CH) en 2024, soit 19 pour cent de la\npopulation analys\u00e9e, contre 18 pour cent en 2023. Les populations dans\n\n\n\nfig. 2 **Nombre de personnes en catastrophe (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC/CH), 2016-2024**\n\nDans **5**\npays\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,9M**\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n_Source: FSIN, \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es de l\u2019IPC et du CH._\n\n\nfig. 3 **Pays et territoires o\u00f9 des populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 projet\u00e9es en**\n**catastrophe (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC/CH), 2024**\n\n\nPALESTINE (BANDE DE GAZA) **1 106 900**\n\n\n\nSOUDAN\n\n\nSOUDAN DU SUD\n\n\nHA\u00cfTI\n\n\nMALI\n\n\n\n**755 300**\n\n\n**79 000**\n\n\n**5 600**\n\n\n**2 600**\n\n\n\n_IPC TWGs, 2023 and 2024; IPC Global Initiative, 2024; CH, 2024._\n\n\ncette phase n\u00e9cessitent une action urgente pour prot\u00e9ger leurs moyens de\nsubsistance et r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9ficits de consommation alimentaire.\n\n\nPr\u00e8s de 345 millions de personnes dans 39 pays \u00e9taient en phase de\nstress (phase 2 de l\u2019IPC/CH) en 2024, soit 35 pour cent de la\npopulation analys\u00e9e contre 32 en 2023. Les populations dans cette phase\nsont vuln\u00e9rables aux chocs et ont besoin d\u2019actions r\u00e9duisant les risques li\u00e9s\naux catastrophes et prot\u00e9geant leurs moyens de subsistance.\n\n\n\n**Les pays et territoires confront\u00e9s aux crises alimentaires les plus importantes en 2024**\n\n\n\nLe **Nig\u00e9ria**, le **Soudan**, la **R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo** et le\n**Bangladesh** ont compt\u00e9 chacun au moins 23 millions de personnes\nen situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb, soit les nombres les plus\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s en 2024. \u00c0 eux quatre, ces pays abritent plus d\u2019un tiers du nombre\ntotal de personnes en situation de crise ou pire (phase 3 de l\u2019IPC/CH ou\nsup\u00e9rieure). L\u2019 **\u00c9thiopie**, le **Y\u00e9men**, l\u2019 **Afghanistan**, le **Myanmar**, le **Pakistan**\net la **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** suivent et comptent chacun entre 9 et 22\nmillions de personnes.\n\n\nLa **Palestine** (bande de Gaza) affichait la proportion de la population la plus\n\u00e9lev\u00e9e en 2024, \u00e0 100 pour cent, comme en 2023. A **Ha\u00efti**, au **Soudan du Sud**,\nau **Soudan** et au **Y\u00e9men**, pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la population \u00e9tait confront\u00e9e\n\u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb. En **Afghanistan**, en\n**R\u00e9publique centrafricaine**, en **Namibie**, en **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** et\nen **Zambie**, cette proportion \u00e9tait sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 33 pour cent.\n\n\nL\u2019 **Afghanistan**, le **Soudan**, la **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** et le **Y\u00e9men**\nfiguraient parmi les dix pays affichant \u00e0 la fois le nombre et la proportion\nles plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire aigu\u00eb, comme l\u2019indique la Figure 4.\n\n\nLe **Nig\u00e9ria** a enregistr\u00e9 une augmentation de 6,9 millions du nombre\nde personnes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\naigu\u00eb, portant le total \u00e0 31,8 millions, en raison de l\u2019aggravation du conflit,\nde l\u2019inflation et de l\u2019\u00e9largissement de l\u2019analyse \u00e0 de nouvelles zones. Le\n**Soudan** a connu une augmentation de 5,3 millions, portant le total \u00e0 25,6\nmillions, principalement en raison des effets du conflit. Au **Myanmar**, ce\nnombre a augment\u00e9 de 3,7 millions, pour atteindre 14,4 millions, en raison de\nl\u2019intensification des conflits, des inondations et des glissements de terrain.\nL\u2019 **\u00c9thiopie** a compt\u00e9 2,3 millions de personnes suppl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 des\n\n\n\n_Sources: IPC TWGs, 2024; IPC Global Initiative, 2024; CH, 2024; FEWS NET (Ethiopie), 2024; IPC TWG, FSC (Y\u00e9men), 2024; WFP_\n_(m\u00e9thodologie CARI), 2024. Analyse pr\u00e9liminaire r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre du HNRP au Myanmar ._\n\n\nniveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb pendant la p\u00e9riode de soudure\nen 2024, en raison de p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse, des inondations, des chocs\n\u00e9conomiques, des conflits et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nEn **Afghanistan**, malgr\u00e9 une baisse de 4,1 millions gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire,\nau soutien \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture, aux bonnes r\u00e9coltes et \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de\nl\u2019inflation, 15,8 millions de personnes restent en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb.\nDouze pays et territoires repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sur la Figure 4 (tous sauf le Myanmar,\nla Namibie, le Pakistan et la Palestine) connaissent des crises alimentaires\npersistantes ou r\u00e9currentes, puisqu\u2019ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inclus dans les neuf \u00e9ditions\ndu GRFC. Les 35 pays confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des crises alimentaires persistantes ou\nr\u00e9currentes repr\u00e9sentent entre 80 et 94 pour cent de la population dans des\nniveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb chaque ann\u00e9e.\n\n\n\nfig. 4 **Pays et territoires avec les nombres et proportions les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de**\n**personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2** Dans les zones o\u00f9 des analyses IPC/CH n\u2019\u00e9taient pas disponibles, il n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 possible de d\u00e9terminer la r\u00e9partition par phase des 68,2 millions de personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b453cbe-f34e-4441-a5dd-64c42c322c77/GRFC2025-brief-fr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Les maladies, une alimentation insuffisante et le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins ont favoris\u00e9 les crises nutritionnelles**\n\n\n\nEn 2024, des crises nutritionnelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es dans 26 des 53 pays\net territoires inclus dans le GRFC pour lesquels des donn\u00e9es \u00e9taient\ndisponibles. Presque tous pr\u00e9sentaient des zones class\u00e9es critique\n(phase 4 de l\u2019IPC AMN), o\u00f9 au moins 15 pour cent des enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 6 \u00e0\n59 mois souffraient de malnutrition aigu\u00eb. Les crises les plus graves ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es au **Soudan**, au **Y\u00e9men**, au **Mali** et en **Palestine** (bande de\nGaza). Une famine (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC) a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e au **Soudan**, tandis\nque le **Y\u00e9men** et le **Mali** avaient des zones class\u00e9es extr\u00eamement critique\n(phase 5 de l\u2019IPC AMN). En **Palestine** (bande de Gaza), un tiers des zones se\ntrouvaient en phase 4 de l\u2019IPC AMN (critique), l\u2019ensemble du territoire \u00e9tant\nmenac\u00e9 d\u2019un risque de famine.\n\n\nOn estime \u00e0 37,7 millions le nombre d\u2019enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 6 \u00e0 59 mois souffrant\nde malnutrition aigu\u00eb dans ces 26 pays et territoires. Parmi eux, plus de 10\nmillions \u00e9taient atteints de malnutrition aigu\u00eb s\u00e9v\u00e8re (MAS), la forme la\nplus grave qui d\u00e9cuple le risque de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Le **Nig\u00e9ria** (nord-est et nordouest) enregistrait le nombre le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u2013 plus de 5,4 millions \u2013 suivi de\nla **R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo**, du **Soudan**, de l\u2019 **Afghanistan**,\nde l\u2019 **\u00c9thiopie**, du **Y\u00e9men** et du **Pakistan** . Ces sept pays figurent parmi les\ndix pays comptant le plus grand nombre de personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des\nniveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb.\n\n\nQuatre pays, le **Liban**, le **Myanmar**, la **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** et\nl\u2019 **Alg\u00e9rie** (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sahraouis) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme pr\u00e9occupants\nsur le plan nutritionnel. Bien que les donn\u00e9es sur la malnutrition aigu\u00eb y\nsoient limit\u00e9es, les facteurs contextuels indiquaient une forte vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\nnutritionnelle et un risque de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation.\n\n\nLa malnutrition r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une combinaison complexe de facteurs structuraux\net de chocs. Les conflits et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des facteurs majeurs dans la\nplupart des crises nutritionnelles, limitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels.\nLes inondations ont aggrav\u00e9 les risques sanitaires, en particulier dans les\ncamps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s surpeupl\u00e9s au **Soudan**, au **Soudan du Sud** et au **Tchad** .\nLe chol\u00e9ra et les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des facteurs de risque\nimportants dans 19 pays, et la p\u00e9nurie mondiale de vaccins a entrav\u00e9 les\n\n\n\nLes estimations du nombre d\u2019enfants (burden) souffrant de MAM (malnutrition aigu\u00eb mod\u00e9r\u00e9e) et de MAS\n(malnutrition aigu\u00eb s\u00e9v\u00e8re) \u00e9taient disponibles pour toutes les crises nutritionnelles, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du\nBangladesh (Cox\u2019s Bazar), pour lequel seules une estimation de la MAS \u00e9tait disponible\n\n_Sources: IPC TWG, HNO 2024 (Ethiopie et Yemen), WFP-UNICEF food security and nutrition hotspot analysis 2024 (Mauritanie and_\n_S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), UNICEF HAC (Cox\u2019s Bazar), Cluster nutrition du Soudan._\n\n\n**10,9M** **femmes enceintes et allaitantes souffrant de malnutrition**\n**aigu\u00eb dans 21 pays avec des crises nutritionnelles et pour lesquels**\n**des donn\u00e9es \u00e9taient disponibles, 2024.**\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es sur la situation nutritionnelle des femmes enceintes et allaitantes \u00e9taient indisponibles dans\ncinq pays, ainsi que parmi les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au Tchad, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer le suivi\nde la malnutrition maternelle dans les contextes fragiles.\n\n_Sources: IPC TWG, OCHA-HNO (\u00c9thiopie et Y\u00e9men)._\n\n\nefforts de lutte contre les maladies. Plus de 800 000 cas de chol\u00e9ra ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s dans le monde, principalement en **Afghanistan**, au **Pakistan**, au\n**Soudan** et au **Y\u00e9men** . Des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de rougeole, une maladie \u00e0 laquelle les\nenfants malnutris, en particulier ceux ayant de faibles niveaux de vitamine\nA, sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es dans 15 pays en raison d\u2019une faible\ncouverture vaccinale.\n\n\nDans 19 pays, une faible proportion d\u2019enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 6 \u00e0 23 mois\natteignaient un r\u00e9gime alimentaire minimal acceptable, ce qui les expose\n\u00e0 un risque de malnutrition aigu\u00eb. Les enfants en situation de pauvret\u00e9\nalimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ceux qui consomment un ou deux groupes\nd\u2019aliments par jour, ont 50 pour cent de plus de chance de souffrir de\nmalnutrition aigu\u00eb que ceux qui en consomment cinq ou plus.\n\n\n\nfig. 5 **Nombre d\u2019enfants de 6 \u00e0 59 mois souffrant de malnutrition aigu\u00eb dans**\n**26 pays et territoires avec des crises nutritionnelles, 2024**\n\n\n\n**10,2M**\n\n**enfants**\n**souffrant de**\n**malnutrition**\n**aigu\u00eb s\u00e9v\u00e8re**\n\n\n\n**27,4M**\n\n**enfants**\n**souffrant de**\n**malnutrition**\n**aigu\u00eb mod\u00e9r\u00e9e**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Les d\u00e9placements ont continu\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter en 2024, sous l\u2019effet des conflits et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames**\n\n\n\nEn 2024, le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les 53 pays et territoires\ncouverts a atteint 95,8 millions, soit une augmentation de 4 pour cent par\nrapport \u00e0 2023, confirmant une tendance \u00e0 la hausse observ\u00e9e depuis 2013.\n\n\n\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, 95 pour cent des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) et\n70 pour cent des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile se trouvent dans des pays\nou territoires confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des crises alimentaires.\n\n\nLa moiti\u00e9 des PDI vivant dans des pays avec des crises alimentaires\nse trouvaient en **Colombie**, en **R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo**,\nau **Soudan** et en **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** . Le **Soudan** a connu\nl\u2019augmentation la plus importante du nombre de PDI depuis 2023 (+27 pour\ncent), suivi du **Myanmar** et de la **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** .\n\n\nEn 2024, des donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb\ndes populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des r\u00e9sidents n\u2019\u00e9taient disponibles que pour 15\ndes 53 pays et territoires dont les donn\u00e9es satisfont les crit\u00e8res techniques\ndu GRFC.\n\n\nN\u00e9anmoins, les donn\u00e9es disponibles r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une tendance claire et\nconstante : la pr\u00e9valence des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb\nest plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e parmi les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et retourn\u00e9es que chez\nles r\u00e9sidents. De plus, dans tous les pays et territoires o\u00f9 des populations\n\u00e9taient en catastrophe (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC/CH) en 2024, des populations\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es se trouvaient dans cette phase.\n\n\n\nfig. 6 **Nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les pays et territoires avec des**\n**crises alimentaires et dont les donn\u00e9es satisfont les crit\u00e8res techniques du**\n**GRFC, 2024**\n\n\n\n**32 pays et**\n**territoires**\n\n\n\n**24,0M**\n**r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et**\n\n**dans 51 pays**\n\n\n\n_Source: Gouvernement de Colombie, 2024, OCHA-HNRP, 2024, IDMC, 2024, IOM, 2024, OCHA, 2024, UNHCR nowcasted estimates,_\n_2024, UNWRA, 2024._\n\n\nfig. 7 **Nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les pays et territoires avec des**\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n|mentaires et dont les donn\u00e9es satisfont les crit\u00e8res techni 13-2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n\n\n**2013 2014** **2015** **2016** **2017** **2018** **2019** **2020** **2021** **2022** **2023** **2024**\n\n\n_Sources: 2013\u20132023: UNHCR, IDMC, UNRWA; 2024: UNHCR nowcasted estimates, Decembre 2024, IOM, UNWRA._\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b453cbe-f34e-4441-a5dd-64c42c322c77/GRFC2025-brief-fr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Les facteurs contributifs se renforcent mutuellement et viennent aggraver les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s structurelles des pays**\n\n\n\n**Les conflits et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal facteur dans 20 pays\net territoires, o\u00f9 pr\u00e8s de 140 millions de personnes \u00e9taient\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb en 2024.\n**Ha\u00efti**, le **Liban**, le **Myanmar**, le **Nig\u00e9ria**, la **Palestine** (bande de Gaza) et le\n**Soudan** ont tous connu une escalade des conflits et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9,\nentra\u00eenant des d\u00e9placements de population.\n\n\n**Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal\nfacteur dans 18 pays, o\u00f9 plus de 96 millions de personnes \u00e9taient\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb. L\u2019\u00e9pisode\n\n\n\nEl Ni\u00f1o a aliment\u00e9 des vagues de chaleur et des \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse, en\nparticulier en Afrique australe. De fortes pr\u00e9cipitations, des inondations et\ndes glissements de terrain ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements de population\nimportants en **Afghanistan**, au **Bangladesh**, dans la **Corne de l\u2019Afrique**, au\n**Myanmar**, au **Pakistan**, au **Sahel**, au **Nig\u00e9ria** et au **Soudan** .\n\n\n**Les chocs \u00e9conomiques** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal facteur dans 15 pays, o\u00f9\nplus de 59 millions de personne \u2013 soit deux fois plus qu\u2019en 2019 \u2013\n\u00e9taient confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb, en\nparticulier au **Y\u00e9men**, en **Afghanistan**, en **R\u00e9publique arabe syrienne** et au\n**Soudan du Sud** .\n\n\n\n**La r\u00e9currence et l\u2019intensification des chocs alimentent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb en 2025**\n\n\n\n**Afrique centrale et australe**\n\n\nL\u2019escalade du conflit dans l\u2019est de la **R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo**\ndevrait entra\u00eener une nette d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb,\ndans un contexte d\u2019affrontement, de chocs \u00e9conomiques et de d\u00e9placement\nde populations. Les projections disponibles indiquent une aggravation de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb au **Zimbabwe**, sous l\u2019effet des prix alimentaires\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s et de de revenus inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la moyenne au moins jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la r\u00e9colte\nd\u2019avril. Toutefois, apr\u00e8s la grave s\u00e9cheresse de 2024, les pr\u00e9cipitations de\nd\u00e9but 2025 devraient favoriser la production agricole et les opportunit\u00e9s\nd\u2019emploi agricole saisonnier jusqu\u2019en avril 2025.\n\n\n**Afrique de l\u2019Est**\n\n\nAu **Soudan**, l\u2019urgence humanitaire persiste. Les projections font d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tat\nd\u2019une situation grave d\u00e9but 2025, malgr\u00e9 les effets positifs de l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des\nr\u00e9coltes. Dix zones sont en famine et 17 pr\u00e9sentent un risque de famine,\navant m\u00eame la p\u00e9riode de soudure de juin \u00e0 septembre. Les projections\nindiquent une aggravation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb au **Kenya**,\nen **Somalie** et au **Soudan du Sud** . Au **Soudan du Sud**, les difficult\u00e9s\nmacro\u00e9conomiques entravent l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nourriture dans un contexte\nd\u2019intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s et d\u2019afflux continu de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en\nprovenance du Soudan. Des conditions de s\u00e9cheresse dans certaines zones\nde **Somalie**, du **Kenya** et de l\u2019 **\u00c9thiopie**, d\u00e9j\u00e0 touch\u00e9es par la s\u00e9cheresse de\n2020\u20132023, risquent de r\u00e9duire la production de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et de p\u00e2turage et\nd\u2019augmenter les prix alimentaires.\n\n\n**Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et Sahel**\n\n\nLes projections disponibles pour 11 pays pour la p\u00e9riode de juin \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2025\nindiquent une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb par rapport\n\u00e0 2024 dans cinq pays et des am\u00e9liorations dans six. Les inondations de\n2024 et la persistance des conflits, principalement dans le Sahel central,\ncontinuent d\u2019entraver l\u2019acc\u00e8s et la disponibilit\u00e9 alimentaires, en particulier au\n**Tchad**, au **Mali** et au **Nig\u00e9ria** . Une inflation \u00e9lev\u00e9e persistante, en particulier\nau **Nig\u00e9ria** et en **Sierra Leone**, maintient des prix alimentaires \u00e9lev\u00e9s.\nLa saison agricole favorable de 2024/25 devrait am\u00e9liorer la disponibilit\u00e9\nalimentaire en 2025 dans la plupart des pays, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du **S\u00e9n\u00e9gal** .\n\n\n**Asie**\n\n\nLes ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames devraient rester un facteur\nmajeur, d\u00e9favorisant la production agricole et la situation \u00e9conomique\nde la r\u00e9gion. Des conditions plus s\u00e8ches et plus chaudes que la normale\nau printemps 2025 ont mis \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les cultures pluviales en\nAfghanistan, et des pr\u00e9occupations croissantes de s\u00e9cheresse affectent les\ncultures pluviales des provinces du Pendjab, du Baloutchistan et du Sind au\n\n\n\nPakistan. Au Myanmar, o\u00f9 le conflit continue de s\u2019aggraver, une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\nde l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 projet\u00e9e avant le tremblement\nde terre de mars 2025, qui a d\u00e9truit les infrastructures et coup\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nservices essentiels et, pour lequel la r\u00e9ponse d\u2019urgence a \u00e9t\u00e9 limit\u00e9e par le\nmanque de financement et d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n**Europe**\n\nLes attaques persistent dans l\u2019est, le sud et le nord-est de **l\u2019Ukraine**, ce\nqui entrave consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide. Les destructions\ncatastrophiques des infrastructures, notamment des r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques,\ndes syst\u00e8mes d\u2019approvisionnement en eau et des r\u00e9seaux de transport,\ncontinue de limiter les services de base, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions \u00e0\nproximit\u00e9 de la ligne de front et de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie. La destruction\ndes sites de production agricole, agro-alimentaire et industrielle \u00e0 l\u2019Est du\npays perturbe les \u00e9conomies urbaines et aggrave la pauvret\u00e9.\n\n\n**Am\u00e9rique latine et Cara\u00efbes**\n\n\nL\u2019aggravation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du d\u00e9clin \u00e9conomique en **Ha\u00efti**, ainsi que\nle conflit en **Colombie**, devraient rester des facteurs majeurs en 2025. Des\nd\u00e9ficits pluviom\u00e9triques et des conditions chaudes et s\u00e8ches menacent\nl\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale et le nord-est de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud, mena\u00e7ant\nla production agricole, la disponibilit\u00e9 alimentaire et les moyens de\nsubsistance dans l\u2019ensemble de la r\u00e9gion. Parmi les trois pays disposant\nde projections pour 2025, **Ha\u00efti** est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 une aggravation, avec un\nnombre accru de personnes en catastrophe (phase 5 de l\u2019IPC). Une bonne\nsaison agricole devrait am\u00e9liorer la situation au **Guatemala**, bien que des\npoches d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb persistent. Au **El Salvado** r, le niveau\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb persiste, soulignant la faible r\u00e9silience des\nm\u00e9nages pendant la soudure.\n\n\n**Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord**\n\n\nEn **Palestine** (bande de Gaza), le cessez-le-feu de d\u00e9but 2025 a r\u00e9duit les\nhostilit\u00e9s et accru l\u2019aide humanitaire. Mais d\u00e9but mars, tous les points de\npassages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s, bloquant l\u2019entr\u00e9e d\u2019aide, nourriture, carburant\net fournitures m\u00e9dicales. La reprise des op\u00e9rations militaires mi-mars a\nprovoqu\u00e9 de nouveaux d\u00e9placements aggravant l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.\nLa violence devrait persister en **Palestine** (Cisjordanie) compromettant les\nmoyens d\u2019existence. Au **Liban**, la situation reste pr\u00e9caire, surtout au sud de\nBeyrouth, emp\u00eachant le retour des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et la reprise \u00e9conomique dans\nun contexte de destruction massive des infrastructures. En **R\u00e9publique**\n**arabe syrienne**, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019incertitude persistent. Au **Y\u00e9men**, l\u2019aide\nalimentaire limit\u00e9e, l\u2019effondrement \u00e9conomique et le risque de p\u00e9nuries\nde carburant et de nourriture continuent d\u2019alimenter une grave crise\nalimentaire, tandis que de nouvelles hostilit\u00e9s touchent les r\u00e9gions nord du\npays.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b453cbe-f34e-4441-a5dd-64c42c322c77/GRFC2025-brief-fr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_423/raw/doc_423_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_423/raw/doc_423_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a7ceaba4c244c807fefebadd15e41efbec743a6a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_423/raw/doc_423_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,294 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Message from the Representative**\n\nWhile all efforts were being made to assist the\nhuge waves of people who were crossing over into\nEthiopia, we were confronted by challenging roads and\nadverse weather conditions. Two out of the four newly\nestablished camps \u2013 the Leitchuor and Nip Nip refugee\ncamps - became flooded as a result of an unprecedented\ndownpour and the Baro River bursting its banks creating\nan emergency within an emergency scenario.\n\nWe would like to commend the support of the\nGovernment of Ethiopia, the generous contribution of\ndonors, and the outstanding commitment of our staff and\npartners who worked tirelessly to provide assistance in\nvery difficult circumstances.\n\n\n\n\n\necember 2014 marked the first anniversary of the\nSouth Sudan conflict as efforts to restore peace\nand stability in Africa\u2019s newest State continue.\n\n\n\nOver the next twelve months, we would continue\nto provide international protection and assistance to\nrefugees while hoping that the people of South Sudan\nwill wage peace with the support of the International\ncommunity that will ultimately pave the way for\nvoluntary repatriation.\n\nAs we collectively continue to render humanitarian\nservices to refugees who are among the most vulnerable\npeople in the world, I would like to express our sincere\nappreciation to the Government and people of Ethiopia,\nand to the people of the Gambella Region for opening\nup their hearts to receive refugees in their homes and\ncommunities and sharing their meagre resources with\nthem.\n\nClearly, there is a need for more funding of the\nGambella operations, and by extension the refugee\noperations in Ethiopia. I would like to express our\ndeepest appreciation to donors for supporting the cause\nof UNHCR and to appeal for more support that will\nenable us provide better protection and humanitarian\nservices to refugees.\n\nI wish the Government and people of Ethiopia, the\nAdministration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs\n(ARRA), donors, our colleagues in the UN family,\npartners, staff, and all refugees a very peaceful New\nYear.\n\n\nValentin Tapsoba\nUNHCR Representative\nEthiopia\n\n\n\nOne year since thousands of South Sudanese mostly women\nand children fled to seek refuge in Ethiopia, and in particular in\nthe Gambella Region, the Government of Ethiopia, UNHCR\nand partners have been responding to the refugee emergency\namid challenges.\n\nAs we begin 2015, it is time to make an overall assessment\nof the refugee emergency over the past year and to highlight\nachievements, challenges and the strategic response of the\noperation in the New Year.\n\nBy December 2014, more than 191,000 South Sudanese had\ncrossed over into the Gambella Region with about 2,600 others\nalso crossing over into Asosa, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional\nState.\n\nWith the new influx of South Sudan refugees, as of midDecember, Ethiopia hosted more than 644,000 refugees whose\ncountries of origin mainly include: South Sudan, Sudan,\nSomalia and Eritrea. Ethiopia is currently Africa\u2019s largest\nrefugee-hosting country overtaking Kenya since July 2014.\nFollowing South Sudan\u2019s independence from Sudan in July\n2011, UNHCR facilitated the voluntary repatriation of South\nSudanese refugees most of whom had been living in refuge in\nEthiopia for about two decades. By December 2013, Ethiopia\nwas hosting some 50,000 remaining South Sudanese refugees.\nGambella 2014 in Review focuses on the refugee emergency\nin Gambella Regional State in view of the enormous challenges\nthat we contended with in our efforts to provide urgently\nneeded assistance to the large group of vulnerable people.\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **5**\n\n\n\n**Government Counterpart**\n\n\n\nThe Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs\n(ARRA) is UNHCR's main Government counterpart\nin Ethiopia for the protection of refugees and other\npersons of concern.\n\n**16 Operational Partners**\n\nWorld Food Programme (WFP), United Nations\nChildren's Fund (UNICEF), World Health\nOrganization (WHO), Concern Worldwide, Oxfam\u2013\nGB, Medicins Sans Frontieres - France (MSF-F);\nMedicins Sans Frontieres - Holland (MSF-H), Goal,\nInternational Committee of Red Cross/Crescent\n(ICRC), Opportunities Industrialization Center Ethiopia (OIC-E), Ethiopia Red Cross Society (ERCS),\nPlan International, Catholic Relief Services (CRS),\nRegional Health Bureau (RHB), Gambella Rural Road\nAuthority (GRRA), World Vision International.\n\n**18 Implementing Partners**\n\nARRA, Natural Resources Development\nEnvironmental Protection (NRDEP), Danish Refugee\nCouncil (DRC), Action Contre la Faim - France\n(ACF), HelpAge International,UK (HelpAge), Save\nthe Children International (SCI), Vluchtelingenzorg/\nRefugee Care (ZOA), Norwegian Refugee Council\n(NRC), Lutheran World Federation - Switzerland\n(LWF), International Rescue Committee (IRC),\nInternational Medical Corps - USA (IMC), Adventist\nDevelopment Relief Aid (ADRA), Development\nand Inter Church-Aid Commission (DICAC),\nRehabilitation and Development Organization\n(RADO), African Humanitarian Aid and Development\nAgency (AHADA), Mother and Child Multi-Sectoral\nDevelopment Organization (MACMDO), United\nNations Office for Project Services (UNOPS),\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM).\n\n**Inter-Agency**\n\nUNHCR is Co-chair of the Inter-agency Task Force\nmeeting which is held at the UNHCR Sub-Office in\nGambella . UNHCR is also Co-chair of Refugee Task\nForce meetings at camp level. ARRA is the other\nCo-Chair.\n\n\n\n**OFFICES**\n**Sub Office**\nGambella\nField offices\nNyine Nyang\nItang\nPugnido\n**Field Unit**\nDimma\n**Refugee Camps**\nLeitchuor\nNip Nip\nTierkidi\nKule\nOkugo\nPugnido\n\n\n\nFlooding at Akobo entry point\n\n\n**Way Station/Transit**\nMatar\nItang\nPamdong\n\n**Entry Points**\nRaad\nPagak\nAkobo\nBurbiey\n**Refugee Statistics as of 26 Dec 2014**\nGambella Region currently hosts 248, 839\nSouth Sudanese refugees\n**Breakdown**\nNew caseload: Post 15 Dec 2013\n191,686 South Sudanese refugees\nOld caseload: Pre 15 Dec 2013\n57,153 South Sudanese refugees\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n\n**OFFICES**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Statistics", - "confidence": 0.992597222328186, - "start": 424, - "end": 426 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Public Information Unit", - "confidence": 0.731400191783905, - "start": 477, - "end": 481 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gambella Region", - "confidence": 0.8619397282600403, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5444560050964355, - "start": 430, - "end": 431 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7317166924476624, - "start": 430, - "end": 431 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "South Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.9957633018493652, - "start": 440, - "end": 443 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n###### **Key Achievements in 2014**\n\n\n\n\uf075 The Government of Ethiopia granting prima facie\n\nrefugee status to South Sudanese\n\n\uf075 Relocating refugees from border entry points to camps\n\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n- The flooding\n\n- Funding\n\n\n\n\n- Search for suitable land for camp establishment\n\n\n\n\uf075 Providing assistance to refugees **Dates in History - 2014**\n\n\n\n**21 January** : Leitchuor\nRefugee Camp opens\n\n\n**15 July** : Her Royal\nHighness Princess Haya\nBint Al Hussien visits\nKule Refugee Camp\n\n\n**22-24 October** : A\n12-member annual donor\nmission organized by the\nDivision of Donor\nRelations and Resource\nMobilization (DRRM) in\nGeneva visits the\nGambella humanitarian\noperations\n\n\n\n**26 February** : Matar Way\nStation opens\n\n\n\n**17 May** : Kule\nRefugee Camp opens\n\n\n**30 September** :\nPrincess Anne visits\nTierkidi Refugee\nCamp\n\n\n\n**21- 23 August** : Director,\nAfrica Bureau, George\nOkoth-Obbo, and Deputy\nDirector Ann Encontre\nvisit Gambella\n\n\n\n**26 February** : Tierkidi\nRefugee Camp opens\n\n\n**28 August** : Leitchuor\nand Nip Nip camps\nbecome flooded\n\n\n\n**4 November** : President Michael\nD.Higgins of Ireland visits\nTierkidi Refugee Camp\n\n\n**17 November** : Representative\nTapsoba presents three vehicles to\nARRA for the relocation of South\nSudanese refugees from border areas\n\n\n\n**16 - 22 November** : UNHCR\nRepresentative Valentin Tapsoba\nwitnesses the launching of the\nrelocation exercise from Matar\nWay Station to Pugnido Refugee\nCamp through Itang transit centre\n\n\n\n**22 November** : The Assistant SecretaryGeneral for Humanitarian Affairs and\nDeputy Emergency Relief Coordinator,\nKhung-wha KANG, pays a day visit to\nGambella Region in order to get a firsthand impression and assessment of the\nGambella refugee emergency.\n\n\n\n**1 December** : Relocation to Pugnido Refugee camp commences\nof about 3,000 South Sudanese refugees who have been staying\nfor a few months at the Pagak entry point on the border with South\nSudan; the refugees in the area had rejected relocation to the Okugo\nRefugee Camp citing security concerns.\n\n\n\n**24 December:** The Administration for Refugee\nand Returnee Affairs (ARRA) writes to UNHCR\nabout finding Koben and Cholan, two new settlement\nsites, that could be developed into camps for the\nrelocation of refugees from Leitchuor and Nip Nip\ncamps. The letter states: \u201cARRA would like to advise\nyour good office to kick-off preparatory works ahead\nof establishing the aforementioned sites as refugee\ncamps\u201d.\n\nVehicles presented to ARRA for relocation of refugees\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **7**\n###### **The Emergency Begins**\n\n\n\nThe influx from\nSouth Sudan\nstarted in midDecember 2013\nafter President\nSalva Kiir and\nRiek Machar,\nhis former\nvice president,\nfell out. The\nfighting broke\nout on ethnic\nlines between\nthe Dinka\nethnic group\nof President\nSalva Kiir and\nthe Nuer ethnic\ngroup of his\nformer ally.\nAfter South\nSudan gained\nindependence\nfrom Sudan\nin July 2011,\nUNHCR facilitated the voluntary repatriation of South Sudanese\nrefugees some of whom had been living in refuge in Ethiopia for over\n20 years. By December 2013, Ethiopia was hosting about 50,000\nremaining South Sudanese refugees.\nOnly the Okugo and Pugnido refugee camps hosted South Sudanese\nrefugees when the new refugee emergency started.\n\n\n\nSouth Sudanese women fleeing into Ethiopia\n\n\nSouth Sudanese refugees being relocated from border areas\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\n\n**8** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\n##### **A**\n\n\n\ns thousands of\npeople fled from\nSouth Sudan to\nseek refuge in Ethiopia\nwith humanitarians\nworking around the\nclock to assist the needy,\na heavy downpour in\nAugust and the Baro\nRiver overflowing its\nbanks led to the flooding\nof the newly established\nLeitchuor and Nip Nip\nrefugee camps.\n\n\n\nRefugees who had\nstarted to settle down in\ntheir new environment\nwere confronted\nwith the challenge of\nsearching for drier\nground, including road\nsides, where makeshift\nshelters and tents were\nerected to escape the\nmerciless rains. Some host\ncommunities were also affected as locals abandoned their\ntraditional huts for higher ground. Locals say the flooding\nwas unprecedented.\nAs a result of the flooding, roads to the two refugee camps\nbecame impassable and some bridges were damaged.\nPrior to the floods, Leitchuor camp for instance had 7,250\nemergency shelters, 17 transit hangers, 2,900 transitional\nshelters and 2,080 tents . A lot of work was undertaken\nto speed up the transitional shelters construction with the\naim of ensuring better shelter for every refugee household.\nMost of these structures were damaged as a result of the\nfloods.\n\nDuring the floods, refugees in the camp were getting\nwater from the pipe network but those scattered on the\noutskirts of the camp were collecting water from host\ncommunity hand pumps and were sometimes required to\npay for the water, a cost they could hardly afford. Others\nhad to cross flooded areas to access water points and some\nhad to walk long distances; 22 out of the 33 water points\nbecome inaccessible as refugees were forced to move away\nfrom their proximity.\nAbout 75% of latrines in the camp collapsed raising the\nlatrine coverage from 50 persons per latrine to 170 persons\nper latrine. Construction of additional latrines as well\nas decommissioning became extremely challenging and\n\n\n\nThe flooding in Leitchuor camp\n\n\nAn aeriel view of flood-affected Leitchuor\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n\nFlooded tents in Leitchuor\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **9**\n\n\ndelivery of construction materials\nwas impossible by road. As a result,\nopen defecation was rampant.\nControl of vector was a challenge as\nthe flood water provided favourable\nground for insect breeding and solid\nwaste management became difficult.\n\nHygiene promotion activities\nincluding distribution of water,\nsanitation and hygiene relief\nitems became very difficult to\nimplement due to the unfavourable\nenvironmental conditions created by\nthe flood and the scattered nature of\nthe refugee population.\n\n\n\nThe wide dispersal of refugees,\nas well as the displacement of\nmost partners affected the delivery\nof services particularly in the areas of Sexual and\nGender Based Violence (SGBV), Child Protection and\nEducation. SGBV prevention and response activities\ncould no longer be effectively managed. With regard\nto education, a significant number of pupils dropped\nout of school, not only as a result of the dispersal and\ndisplacement of refugees and partners, but also due to\nthe inaccessible nature of the roads which hindered the\ndelivery of school supplies and other non-food items\n(NFIs). The vulnerability of children increased due to the\nreduction in the number of Child-Friendly Spaces from\n2 to 1, as well as the ineffective management of children\nidentified with extreme vulnerabilities. Children were\nalso exposed to sexual exploitation, drowning risk, water\nborne diseases, malaria and other forms of abuse.\nIn responding to the crisis, UNHCR and partners\ndelivered assistance to refugees by using boats while the\nUN refugee agency also hired a helicopter to transport\npersonnel, refugees and some logistics.\n\nA mass Cholera vaccination exercise was also\nundertaken in the flood-affected camps.\n\nIn December, the Gambella Regional Government\napproved ARRA\u2019s request for the CHOLAN Site, along\nthe Gambella-Demi Dollo road, to be developed as a\ncamp for the relocation of flood-affected refugees in\nLeitchuor and Nip Nip.\n\n**As a result of the flooding, roads to the**\n**two refugee camps became impassable**\n\n\n\nA flooded road in Leitchuor camp\n\n\nA flooded host community\n\n\n**Locals say the flooding was**\n**unprecedented**\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**10** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **11**\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**12** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\n\nRepresentative Valentin Tapsoba addressing refugees in Pugnido\n\n\nA child-friendly space at Tierkidi Refugee Camp\n\n\nA South Sudan refugee receives UNHCR relief items\n\n\n\nHer Royal Highness Princess Haya Bint Al Hussien interacting with\nrefugees in Kule camp\n\n\nDeputy Representative Bornwell Katande talking to\nthe media in Tierkidi camp about the refugee emergency\n\n\nVisiting UNHCR Information officials from Nairobi and Geneva listening to\nrefugees in Leitchuor camp\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **13**\n\n\n\nUNHCR officials with visiting President Michael D. Higgins of Ireland\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Stanley Miseleni discussing with ECHO officials in Kule\nRefugee Camp\n\n\nA Christmas Concert in Tierkidi Refugee Camp\n\n\n\nPresident Gatluak Tut Khot of Gambella (L), UNHCR\u2019s Oscar Mundia and US\nAssistant Secretary of State Anna Richard (R) visiting Pagak border during the\nrefugee emergency\n\n\nKule Refugee Camp\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**14** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\n\nRefugees being transported on a UNHCR hired helicopter\n\n\nThe launching ceremony of the 16 Days of Activism Against SGBV\nin Kule Refugee Camp\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s George Okoth-Obbo and Anne Encontre visiting Gambella refugees\nin Kule camp\n\n\nGambella President, US Assistant Secretary of State, ARRA Deputy Director and\nUNHCR Deputy Rep opening a health centre at Tierkidi Refugee Camp\n\n\n\nUNHCR hired helicopter transporting aid workers A Donor Mission at a debriefing session with UNHCR staff\nat Gambella Sub-Office\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **15**\n\n\n\n**Responding to the Emergency:**\n**Sectors in Brief**\n\n\n\n**Assistance to refugees include:**\n\n\n\n\n- Protection\n\n- Monthly food distribution\n\n- Nutrition\n\n- Health\n\n- Provision of relief items\n\n- Shelter\n\n- Education\n\n- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n\n\nSome Refugee women and children\n\n**Protection**\nThe Government of Ethiopia generally provides\nprotection to refugees. The Gambella Region mainly hosts\nSouth Sudanese refugees who are granted refugee status\non a prima facie basis.\n\nThe Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs\n(ARRA) is UNHCR's main Government counterpart in\nEthiopia for the protection of refugees and other persons\nof concern.\n\nAs of December 2014, Ethiopia hosted more than\n191,000 new South Sudanese refugee arrivals in the\n\n\n\nGambella Region most of whom\nare living in six refugee camps.\nIn November, the relocation **Most South**\nof refugees from the Matar way station, Pagak entry **Sudanese refugees**\npoint and Pamdong transit\n\n**are women and**\n\nsite commenced. The\nrefugees had been staying **children**\nat the sites mainly as a result\nof the flooding of Leitchuor\nand Nip Nip camps. By end of\nDecember, more than 8,000 individuals\nhad been relocated some of them by air.\nMost of the refugees are women and children. As of December,\n2,422 unaccompanied children and 5,683 Separated children\nhad been registered.\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**16** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\n\n**Food and**\n**Nutrition**\n\n\n\nFood is provided by the World Food Programme (WFP).\nNutrition interventions are implemented by ARRA, Goal,\nACF, Concern, MSF-France and MSF-Holland with\noverall coordination by UNHCR in collaboration with\nARRA.\nA nutrition survey conducted in June and July of 2014\nshowed critical levels of acute malnutrition in refugee\ncamps with global acute malnutrition (GAM) ranging from\n25 to 30%. Since their arrivals, refugees receive a monthly\nfood ration which meets the required 2,100 kilocalories\nper person per day.\nNutrition interventions mainly target children, pregnant\nwomen and lactating mothers. In December, children,\npregnant and lactating women being supported in each\nprogramme included: 1, 403 in Outpatient Therapeutic\nProgramme (OTP), 5,683 in Targeted Supplementary\nFeeding and 44,919 in Blanket Supplementary Feeding\nProgramme (BSFP).\n\n\n\n**Providing**\n**shelter**\nRefugee shelter is being implemented by two partners:\nthe International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC); with a third partner\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC) set to commence shelter\nconstruction early 2015. Shelter for refugees comes in two\nforms:\n1) Emergency shelter - also two types: tents and the 'Bajaj'\ntype (plastic sheets on wooden frame)\n2) Transitional shelters which is the traditional s Each\nregistered household receives an emergency shelter on\narrival in the camp, and these are gradually replaced by\nthe transitional shelter type, which is a more sustainable\noption. This process of constructing and replacing the\nemergency shelter type has been going on well in Kule and\nTierkidi refugee camps with about 20% and 10% of their\ntotal registered population having completed transitional\nshelters, respectively. The rest of the camp population is\nstill in their emergency shelter units. The implementing\npartner undertake the sourcing and construction of the\nsuperstructure, including roof construction, and the\nrefugees complement the process by mud daubing of the\nwalls of their individual _tukuls_ .\n\n\n\nFood for refugees\n\n\nFood destribution at Kule camp\n\n\n\nShelter materials in Kule camp\n\n\nFlooding in Leitchuor and Nip Nip refugee camps\nduring the rainy season from August \u2013 October created\na setback for shelter assistance to refugees; 2,900 s were\nin varying stages of construction, with 590 handed over to\nrefugees prior to the flooding, which led to displacement\nof refugees. Distribution of emergency shelters and tents\nto most vulnerable families and to those without shelter\nhad been done. Refugees had relocated to higher ground,\nsharing resources with host communities.\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition survey", - "confidence": 0.9902660250663757, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8340752124786377, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee\ncamps", - "confidence": 0.8943350911140442, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9805426597595215, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7948145866394043, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8916053175926208, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **17**\n\n**Water, Sanitation**\n**and Hygiene**\n\nWater, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are among main\nactivities undertaken in the Gambella Operations. Main source\nof water supply in Kule and Tierkidi camps is from a water\ntreatment plant from Baro River trucked on daily basis by 22\nwater tankers and in Leitchuor by a pipe line system with an\naverage crude water access of 11 litres /per person /day in Kule\nand Tierkidi, and 16 l /p /d in Leitchuor.\nCrude latrine access in Tierkidi, Kule and Lietchour stands at\n1:43, 1:30 and 1:75 respectively and below 1:60 at entry points\nin Pagak and Akobo.\n\n\n\n**Education**\n\nUNHCR coordinates and monitors education intervention\nin close collaboration with implementing partners and ARRA.\nWith the new caseload, the emphasis has been on setting up\nprimary education and 65% have now been enrolled, which is\n25% over the target set for December 2014.\n\nIn addition, approximately 25% are enrolled in early\nchildhood education; 269 primary teachers and 74 pre-primary\nfacilitators have been recruited and trained, and approximately\n100 temporary and semi-permanent classrooms have been\nconstructed; 63% of all refugee children are now enrolled in\nprimary education, including 65% of the new refugee population\ncaseload.\n\n\n\nRefugee children participating in a hand washing campaign\n\n\nSouth Sudanese refugee children in school\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**18** Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n**The Supply Chain @ Work**\n\nUNHCR organized 19 airlifts from Addis Ababa\nand the East Africa region and delivered 15,000 tents,\n25,000 Kitchen Sets, 4 prefabricated warehouses,\n20,000 buckets, 30,000 plastics sheets, 20,000\nmosquito nets, 500 tons of soap among others as part\nof the emergency response to the Gambella Region.\n\nUNHCR through donors funded rehabilitation of 41\nkm of paved roads and the construction of two major\nbridges linking refugee communities in Nyine Nyang\nand also in Kule Refugee Camp.\n\nThe construction of two bridges has been completed\nwhile 50% of paved roads rehabilitation is completed\nand the project is ongoing.\n\n\n\nFollowing recent floods which greatly affected the\nroad infrastructure in Gambella Region, UNHCR\ncontracted one helicopter (Mi-8MTV-1) to provide\nhumanitarian air services while ensuring that\nlifesaving services continue to reach refugees in a\ntimely fashion in flood-affected Nyine Nyang, Akobo\nTiergol, and Matar. The helicopter has also been\nutilized to provide services to Pugnido and Dimma,\nand in the relocation of vulnerable persons of concern\nfrom Matar to Pugnido.\n**Health**\n\nBack home, South Sudanese have some of the\nworst health indicators in the world with a maternal\nmortality of 730 per 100,000 live births and under 5\nmortality rate of 104 per 1,000 live births.\n\nForced from their homes, among other challenges,\nrefugees faced the risk of disease outbreaks.\n\nDuring the emergency in 2014, UNHCR, ARRA\nand implementing partners provided comprehensive\nhealth care in camps, transit centres and entry points,\nincluding responding and managing the control\nof Measles and Hepatitis E outbreaks, as well as\npreventing diseases such as Cholera by doing a\nmass oral Cholera vaccination campaign. Also, in\nan effort to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory\ninfections, a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination\n(OCV) campaign was undertaken. Furthermore,\nmedical assistance to refugees include providing care\nfor common diseases such as Malaria, TB, as well as\nHIV, in addition to comprehensive reproductive health\ncare with emphasis on improving health facility based\ndeliveries which had been a challenge due to cultural\nnorms and beliefs.\n\n\n\nRelief items being offloaded from a cargo plane\n\n\nIn 2015, UNHCR and partners will continue to increase\naccess to health care, strengthen preparedness and response to\nepidemics, and strengthen chronic care services.\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n\nVaccination against Cholera\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1 **19**\n\n**Interview: Head of Sub-Office Angele Djohossou**\n**\u201cOur strategic focus in 2015\u2026\u201d**\n\n\n**Q** : Has the Government identified land for this\nrelocation?\n\n\n\n**Q** : With more than 191,000 South Sudanese registered\nas refugees in 2014, what is the strategic focus of the\nGambella operations in 2015?\n**A** : Let me begin by saying UNHCR is very thankful for\nthe hospitality of the Government and people of\nEthiopia for hosting refugees. Our strategic focus in\n2015 is to transition from emergency to stabilization,\nand to relocate refugees from transit centres and\nflood-prone camps.\n**Q** : Is the emergency therefore over?\n**A** : Over the past few months the number of South\nSudanese crossing over to seek refuge in the Gambella\nregion had considerably reduced from thousands to\nabout 100 persons per day but the emergency we\ncontinue to face is to urgently relocate refugees from\nespecially Leitchuor and Nip Nip camps, which were\nflooded, before the next raining season.\n\n\n\n**A** : The Government of Ethiopia and the Gambella\nRegional State support the work of UNHCR and has\nidentified a piece land for relocation purposes. We\nare very thankful to the Administration for Refugees\nand Returnees Affairs (ARRA) for supporting this\neffort.\n**Q** : Do you have adequate funding for activities UNHCR\nwould be undertaking in 2015?\n**A** : UNHCR is very grateful for the generous\ncontributions of donors, but we still have a\nfunding gap of more than 40 percent of what we need,\nso we continue to appeal to donors for their kind support\nin providing needed resources that will enable us\nprovide assistance to refugees.\n**Q** : Are refugees willing to relocate?\n**A** : Relocation will be voluntary but so far most refugees\nhave indicated their willingness to be relocated.\n**Q** : What is your hope for the New Year?\n**A** : Our sincere hope is that peace and stability would\nbe soon restored in South Sudan so we can commence\nvoluntary repatriation of refugees.\n\n\n''Our sincere hope\nis that peace and\nstability would be soon\nrestored in South\nSudan''\n\n\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Jan-Dec 2014 Volume1, Issue 1\n\n\nA production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\nA Production of UNHCR Public Information Unit, Gambella, Ethiopia. Portal: http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902efdd9-221e-37a4-b4cf-4db19f5e39f0/Gambella2014inReview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_424/raw/doc_424_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_424/raw/doc_424_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d3ff4e71a57ae1c55c29f123f45526210046addd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_424/raw/doc_424_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,555 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "15, October 2021\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System** **Ongoing Impact of the compounded crisis (COVID-19, financial and** **economic crisis) on the GBV** **Mid-year \u2013 2021**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nFor over a year and a half, Lebanon has been facing a compounded crisis: the progressive collapse of the\neconomic and financial system, the COVID-19 and political and social instability. In the last six months the\ncrisis deepened with further deterioration of the poverty levels that have drastically increased. According\nto the latest Study on Multidimensional Poverty from ESCWA: considering dimensions other than income,\nsuch as access to health, education, public utilities, housing, assets and property and employment, 82%\nof the population in Lebanon is currently living in multidimensional poverty (this rate has nearly doubled\nfrom 42% in 2019 to 82% in 2021) [1] .\n\n\nIn May and June, in addition to the rapid deterioration of the economic situation all over the country and\nthe collapse of the local currency, Lebanon has been plunged into further turmoil caused by shortage of\nfuel, coupled with rising community tensions. The fuel crisis, if not resolved, is anticipated to further\nimpact on the electrical supply in Lebanon [2] .\n\n\nThe current situation compounded with the COVID-19 continuous crisis worsened the overall protection\nsituation of Syrian refugees, refugees from other nationalities as well as deepened the vulnerability of the\nLebanese host community, with serious impact on the most marginalized groups including women at risk,\nLGBTIQ+ persons and older persons, vulnerable children, in addition to persons with disability and persons\nwith mental health conditions.\n\nIn light of this situation, this GBVIMS report aimed at analyzing the impact of the current compounded\ncrisis on the GBV risks. The data included in this report provided by the thirteen (13) data gathering\norganizations that use the GBVIMS [3] system. The analysis has been triangulated with several sources\nincluding, protection monitoring reports, studies, surveys and assessments conducted in Lebanon.\n\n\n1 ESCWA: Multidimensional Poverty https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/multidimensional-poverty-lebanon-2019-2021-painful-reality-anduncertain-prospects.\n2 IRC protection monitoring report for May 2021.\n3 The data quoted above is only from reported cases and does not represent the total incidence or prevalence of Gender-Based violence (GBV)\nin Lebanon. These statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBV Information Management System\n(GBVIMS) for data collection in the implementation of GBV response activities across Lebanon and with the informed consent of survivors.\nThirteen organizations contributed to the trends. This data should not be used for direct follow-up with survivors or organizations for additional\ncase follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared outside your organization/agency. Should you like to use this data or\n[access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the Inter-Agency GBVIMS Coordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).](mailto:aldelbani@unfpa.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS report", - "confidence": 0.8817068338394165, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7086378931999207, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.882006824016571, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7774615287780762, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV response activities", - "confidence": 0.813981831073761, - "start": 456, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9621313810348511, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9197851419448853, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Profile of the survivors seeking assistance**\n\nIn the first two quarters of 2021, data reported by the GBVIMS shows that 97% of survivors seeking the\ncase management service are females and 3% are males. Compared to 2020 reports, there is a very slight\n1% increase in the percentage of female survivors seeking GBV services.\n\nWomen and girls continue to be disproportionately affected by all types of incidents of GBV and the\ncurrent economic crisis have further impacted gender inequality while exposing women and girls to\nadditional risks of GBV. Women\u2019s participation in the labor force and employment has fallen drastically in\nLebanon. The quality and types of employment women will have access to will deteriorate during the\ncrisis [4] . This affects a significant range of factors from their food security to their risks of violence. Women,\ngirls and marginalized groups are facing increasing challenges in accessing food and basic goods, paying\nfor their accommodation and accessing services, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and\nmental health and psychosocial support (MH-PSS) services.\n\nData reported in the first half of 2021 shows that 9% of the reported cases are children, with 2% decrease\nin comparison with the same period of 2020. Despite this decrease, anecdotal evidence form GBV partners\nshow that more girls face the risk of **being deprived of the opportunity to attend schools during the crisis** .\nThis is both due to loss of incomes within families and discriminatory coping strategies that favor boys\u2019\neducation over girls [5] . Furthermore, girls out of school may be mostly subjected to child marriage, as they\nhave less access to information and awareness that can be provided in schools. According to UNICEF\nreport: **COVID-19, A threat to progress against child marriage** issued in March 2021 that shows the impact\nof the COVID pandemic on child marriage, interrupted education is highlighted as one of the main impacts\nof the pandemic. School closures increase marriage risk by 25% per year, and closures result in a loss of\n0.6 learning adjusted years of schooling per child. The report also shows that 2% of out of school girls will\nnever return to school and will continue to face a higher marriage risk throughout childhood.\n\n**Syrian refugees continue to be the main group seeking GBV services, 65% of all the individuals seeking**\n**support in the first half of 2021 are Syrian** . The dire economic situation is strongly affecting refugees.\nAccording to Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian refugee population in Lebanon (VaSYR) preliminary\nfindings of 2021, the economic and COVID-19 crisis pushed almost the entire Syrian refugee population\nto below the SMEB (Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket), with 9 out of 10 households still living in\nextreme poverty. Additionally, reports from the Vulnerability Assessment of Refugees of Other\nNationalities in Lebanon (VARON 2020) show that 72% [6] of surveyed refugees of other nationalities are\nliving in poverty with expenditures below MEB, with 17% increase compared to 2019. Over half the\npopulation surveyed is comprised of Iraqis with 54%.\n\n\n4 Facing Multiple Crises, Rapid assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable workers and small-scale enterprises in Lebanon,\nInternational Labour Organization and Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research in collaboration with: United Nations Development\nProgramme, UN Women, International Rescue Committee, Danish Refugee Council, Save the Children International, Oxfam, and Mercy Corps.\nWhile official disaggregated employment data is not available, a UN Women analysis from June 2020 estimated that a 25 percent contraction in\nreal GDP will have translated into a 63 percent increase\u2014from 81,200 to 132,500\u2014in the number of women unemployed\u2014or 51,300 more\nwomen unemployed from 2018/2019 to June 2020. In real terms these numbers are likely higher given that the World Bank estimates a 30%\nGDP contraction rate as of April 2021\n5 Women on the Verge of an Economic Breakdown: Addressing the differential impacts of the economic crisis on women in Lebanon, UN Women,\n2020\n[6 Vulnerability Assessment of Refugees of Other Nationalities in Lebanon (VARON 2020): https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88157](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88157)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "33% of survivors seeking services are Lebanese, the percentage of Lebanese seeking GBV services\nincreased in the last three years (from 21% in 2018 to 26 % in 2019, 35% in 2020). Lebanese nationals\nhave been also facing a **multitude of rapidly escalating socio-economic crises,** represented mainly by the\ninadequacy of basic social services which the government would normally be responsible to provide, in\naddition to the rapid deterioration of the economic situation all over the country, the collapse of the local\ncurrency, and the impact of the health / COVID 19 crisis.\nIn addition to the increase in Lebanese population seeking services, there is a low but increasing\npercentage (4%) of migrant and foreign nationals from different nationalities seeking the case\nmanagement service. Reports from the field show the increase in the vulnerabilities of migrants and\nmigrant workers, particularly in terms of reduced access to their salaries in dollars, sponsors unable to\nprovide for their return to their countries of origin, access to COVID-19 medical care (IOM, 2020).\n\n**Most** **Prominent** **Type** **of** **GBV** **Incidents** **Reported:** **Physical** **Assault** **and**\n**Psychological/Emotional Abuse**\n\nThe most reported type of incidents through the GBVIMS in the first two quarters of 2021 were physical\nassault 40% (with a 2% increase from 2020) and psychological/emotional abuse 32% (with a 5% increase\nfrom 2020). These two types of GBV incidents are linked to incidents of intimate partner violence and\ndomestic violence. Data from the GBVIMS indicates that 78% of incidents taking place at the survivor and\nperpetrator\u2019s home. The most reported types of Gender-Based Violence incidents remain physical assault\nand psychological/emotional abuse.\nHowever, Analysis of the recent trends and reports from the field may indicate that parents are resorting\nto child marriage as a negative and harmful coping mechanism due the harsh economic conditions. The\neconomic situation has left many people unable to pay rent or repay debt pushing families to resort into\nto child marriage as one of the negative coping strategies. The percentage of **child marriage incidents in**\n**2021** validates the above point. GBVIMS data reported in the first two quarters of 2021 shows that **Bekaa**\nreported the highest percentage of child marriage cases (6%) among all areas, with 1% increase compared\nto 2020.\nAdditionally, according to VaSYR preliminary findings of 2021 [7], 20% of the assessed girls aged 15 to 19\nwere married at the time of the survey. This shows a slight decrease from 2020 at 24% and 2019 at 27%.\nSouth Lebanon governorate reported the highest rate at 34%, compared to being the lowest governorate\non early marriage in 2020.\n\n\n**The impact of the economic crises on GBV Risks**\n\n\n - **Increase in reported perpetrators being landlords and employers**\nThe most common type of alleged perpetrators remains the Intimate partner with 56% and family other\nthan spouse and caregiver with 9% similar to 2020. However, GBVIMS data reported in the first two\nquarters of 2021 indicated that 4% of the perpetrators are landlords and 4% are employers, with a slight\nincrease from 2020. Furthermore, looking specifically at the incidents reported in Akkar, 5% of the\nperpetrators are landlords and 10% are employers which is the highest percentage reported in 2021\namong all field locations.\n\n\n7 Vulnerability assessment of Syrian refugee population in Lebanon (VaSYR) preliminary findings of 2021.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reports from the field", - "confidence": 0.9349813461303711, - "start": 146, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.7747262716293335, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9192897081375122, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and\nmigrant workers", - "confidence": 0.8166601657867432, - "start": 157, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.981401264667511, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5427631735801697, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7284337282180786, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7118692398071289, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.921663224697113, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bekaa", - "confidence": 0.9294221997261047, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6084535717964172, - "start": 437, - "end": 438 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9587867856025696, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VaSYR preliminary findings", - "confidence": 0.7674326300621033, - "start": 490, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8457058668136597, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9886335134506226, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5448305010795593, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assessed girls aged 15 to 19", - "confidence": 0.6506812572479248, - "start": 503, - "end": 509 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9647761583328247, - "start": 613, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7892296314239502, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5932972431182861, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Syrian refugees are mostly affected by eviction threats by landlords and authorities. For women and girls\nas well as other marginalized groups evictions represent additional GBV risks. Data triangulated from the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian refugee population in Lebanon (VaSYR) preliminary findings of 2021\nshows that 9% of the households are living under the eviction threat in Akkar, which is the highest\npercentage among all localities. On another note, data received from UNHCR collective eviction Q2 report [8]\nshows that the tension with the landlord is one of the key drivers to eviction, as it was the direct reason\nfor eviction for almost 14% of the evicted population.\n\n\n - **Increase of incidents perpetrated at the workplace**\nGBVIMS data reported through GBV partners witnessed increased risk of GBV at the workplace across the\nrefugee population, Lebanese and migrants from other nationalities, **with more women facing sexual**\n**harassment at their** workplace because they most probably cannot afford to lose their jobs.\nAccording to the GBVIMS Report of quarter 1 and 2 in 2021, **22% of sexual violence incidents reported**\n**happened at the workplace.** This increased percentages are in line with the increased percentage of\nwomen and girls working in vulnerable jobs, like domestic work and working in the agricultural field as a\nresult of the socioeconomic deterioration in Lebanon.\n\n\n - **Risks of Sexual Exploitation**\nIncidents of sexual exploitation often go unreported, especially among female refugees and migrant\nworkers due to stigma, the fear of retaliation, lack of information on reporting mechanisms and limited\nlegal support available. For refugees, this can also be related to the lack of legal residency. The **increased**\n**levels of debt and difficulties in paying rent or purchasing basic items might increase the risk of various**\n**forms of violence, including sexual exploitation among the most vulnerable populations, especially**\n**refugees and marginalized members of the host community.**\nThis is further supported by data collected through the GBVIMS in 2021 which indicates that the\npercentage of incidents of possible sexual exploitation reported is 2%, while in 2020 never exceeded the\n1% of the total reported cases.\nAccording to data collected through the GBVIMS in 2021, 4% of reported incidents are perpetrated by\nlandlords. This might show an increasing risk of sexual exploitation related to access to shelter options,\nespecially for the population cohort more at risk of eviction. Data triangulated from the vulnerability\nassessment of Syrian refugee population in Lebanon (VaSYR) preliminary findings of 2021 indicates that\ndue to the unaffordable rent prices, lack of documentation, eviction notice and increased tensions with\nlandlords, 15% of Syrian refugee head of households have changed accommodation in the last year.\n\n\n - **Increase in GBV Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence**\nData from the GBVIMS highlights this trend even with a 6% decrease in incidents perpetrated by an\nintimate partner or family member in the first half of 2021 (63%) in comparison to 2020 (69%). In addition,\nincidents of intimate partner violence continue to be on the rise. This is noted with a 4% increase in\nincidents of intimate partner violence between 2020 (52%) and the first half of 2021 (56%).\nGBV case managers report an increase of survivors in need for case management services. Analysis\nindicates that the dire economic situation has resulted in increasing family tensions within the households\ndue to the growing challenges in accessing basic items and to limited movements as a result of the COVID19 lockdowns in the first quarter. For refugee families, tensions around increased debts, the risk of\n\n\n8 [Collective Evictions and Notices report: 2021 Q2 Dashboard: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88474](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88474)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian refugee population in Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9829180836677551, - "start": 33, - "end": 41 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VaSYR", - "confidence": 0.9362700581550598, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.925643265247345, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9736852645874023, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7230810523033142, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR collective eviction Q2 report", - "confidence": 0.9327377676963806, - "start": 80, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7736775279045105, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.86123126745224, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "evicted population", - "confidence": 0.5171806216239929, - "start": 118, - "end": 120 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.6476777195930481, - "start": 133, - "end": 135 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.7528336048126221, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS Report", - "confidence": 0.9928315877914429, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8838678002357483, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8358362317085266, - "start": 190, - "end": 191 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9799096584320068, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5871757864952087, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.874836266040802, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8793424963951111, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6545867919921875, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5078993439674377, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9863860607147217, - "start": 388, - "end": 389 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability\nassessment of Syrian refugee population", - "confidence": 0.6189010143280029, - "start": 470, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VaSYR", - "confidence": 0.7219797968864441, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9854474067687988, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8293960094451904, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.91089928150177, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee head of households", - "confidence": 0.8159202337265015, - "start": 509, - "end": 514 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9649676084518433, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8851059675216675, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "eviction, and the general challenges in accessing basic items and food might have further increased family\ntension and domestic violence.\n\n\n - **Challenges in accessing services**\nData reported by GBVIMS in 2021 showed that only 2% of the clients were referred to the psychosocial\nservices and 1% of the clients declined being referred to this service. This low percentage might be related\nto the pressure of the socioeconomic crisis and the fact that women and girls might be deprioritizing their\nwellbeing needs **.** According to the latest report developed by the NGO \u201cEmbrace\u201d running a hotline for\nMHPSS and suicide prevention, the number of people (mostly Lebanese) calling to receive support tripled\nfrom 2019 to 2020 and keeps increasing in the first quarter of 2021 [9] .\n\nIn the current situation, **survivors of family violence have less opportunities to escape from their**\n**perpetrators** because of the restricted movement imposed by Covid-19, and more recently by the fuel\nand electricity crisis, coupled with the very limited livelihood opportunities that they can benefit from,\nand without support they have no other choice to remain in the abusive situation. This point is backed up\nwith the GBVIMS data reported in 2021, showing that 6% of clients in need for livelihood services weren\u2019t\nreferred to the service due to the unavailability of livelihood services in their region. This is also related to\nthe difficulties in **accessing free legal counselling and representation during COVID which** has been\nidentified by GBV partners as one of the main gaps in service provision and as one of the most\nunderfunded activities. The limited available legal services have an impact for both Lebanese, especially\nthe poorest and LGBTIQ persons and on migrants (who often do not have legal papers and might fear to\nreport incidents to authorities).\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n - Supporting safe housing options, including safe houses/mid-way house/safe shelters for GBV\nsurvivors seeking shelter from life threatening abusive situations.\n\n - Ensuring the provision of emergency and recurrent cash assistance for GBV survivors and\nindividuals at risk who are not benefiting from other cash assistance programs to escape from\nsituations of abuse or prevent the abuse from happening.\n\n - Strengthening timely and safe referrals across sectors and to the GBV sector in specific, through\ncapacity building on GBV core concepts, dealing with disclosures, safe and ethical referrals and\nother areas where relevant.\n\n - Increasing the availability of Mental health and Psychosocial services through a strengthened\ncoordination mechanism between the GBV and MHPSS sector. This can include mapping of the\nfields in the aim of advocating for increased presence of MHPSS activities in vulnerable locations\nand joint activities between the two sectors that can encourage people to request and access the\nmental health services.\n\n - Strengthening community protection mechanisms and inclusion activities to ensure that\nvulnerable populations, especially persons that identify as LGBTIQ+, persons with disabilities and\n\n\n9 WOMEN ON THE VERGE OF AN ECONOMIC BREAKDOWN: Assessing the differential impacts of the economic crisis on women in Lebanon, UN\nWomen 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women head of households have access to required services, such as health care, livelihood and\ncase management.\n\n- Strengthening coordination efforts to ensure availability of services to persons with disabilities,\nsuch as up to date service mapping, surveys aiming at gathering information about people with\ndisabilities, and rehabilitation of safe spaces and community centers to host people with\ndisabilities.\n\n- Collaborating and promoting joint initiatives between GBV, child protection actors and MoSA in\nworking groups and coordination platforms to mitigate the risks of GBV against children including\nadolescent girls/boys, particularly against sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n- Strengthening the provision of integrated package of GBV/ livelihood and cash services for women\nand girls in the safe spaces.\n\n- Strengthening the adolescent girls focused programing and working on messaging that shows the\nimportance of education for girls after two years of remote learning.\n\n- Scaling up GBV mainstreaming and risk mitigation in target sectors especially food security,\nnutrition, and WASH with key initiatives that can mitigate the risk associated with GBV and SEA.\n\n- Supporting vulnerable population living under dire economic conditions to be self-reliant through\nthe provision of adequate levels of basic assistance to meet their needs, strengthened support\nnetworks to develop positive coping mechanisms, and the promotion of income generating\nactivities that are viable in the current context.\n\n- Strengthening the coordination between protection and GBV sectors especially on eviction issue\ntargeting GBV survivors through active referral system.\n\n- Advocating for the implementation of the law on sexual harassment in the workplace and\ndomestic violence affecting survivors of GBV.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0101df2-9412-3de8-8a98-9745390f8b2b/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Ongoing%20Impact%20of%20the%20Compounded%20Crisis%20%28COVID-19%2C%20Financial%20and%20Economic%20Crisis%29%20on%20the%20GBV%2C%20Mid-year%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_425/raw/doc_425_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_425/raw/doc_425_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5516f22de4b7f9086e06299cdd4ce964eed8791d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_425/raw/doc_425_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**COALITION ON EVERY CHILD\u2019S**\n**RIGHT TO A NATIONALITY**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Contents\n\nWhat is gender discrimination?\b 5\n\n\nCountries with gender-discriminatory\nnationality laws regarding the conferral\nof nationality on children\b 6\n\n\nWhy does gender discrimination contribute to\nstatelessness among children?\b 8\n\n\nWhat is the impact of gender discrimination in\nnationality laws and statelessness on children?\b 9\n\n\nChildren currently and formerly affected by\nstatelessness because of gender discrimination\b 10\n\n\nInternational and regional instruments promoting\ngender equality in nationality laws\b 14\n\n\nExamples of Reform\b 17\n\n\n2 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Gender discrimination in nationality laws** **is a root cause of childhood statelessness.** **Gender-discriminatory policies and** **practices also contribute to statelessness** **among children.**\n\nTwenty-five countries retain nationality laws that deny women the\nright to pass their nationality to their children on an equal basis with\nmen. [1] Three countries discriminate against men in terms of their\nability to pass their nationality to their children born out of wedlock. [2]\nThese discriminatory laws can render children stateless when they\nare unable to acquire the nationality of the other parent, which can\noccur for a variety of reasons.\n\n\nIn some countries, even where women have formal equality before\nthe law with regard to nationality laws, gender-discriminatory\npolicies and practices prevent women from independently accessing\nbirth certificates and identity documentation for their children \u2013\ndocuments that are often necessary for children to acquire a\nnationality.\n\n\nChildren rendered stateless by gender-discriminatory laws and\npractices are often unable to enjoy a broad range of human rights,\nincluding family unity, freedom of movement, and access to\neducation, healthcare, and a range of social services.\n\n###### _\u201cGender equality is more than a goal itself. It is a precondition_ _for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting_ _sustainable development and building good governance.\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary General_\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### _\u201cI don\u2019t like to be_ _stateless because_ _it is not fair.\u201d_\n\n**Rama, Lebanon**\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Jordi Matas\n\n\n4 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **What is gender** **discrimination?**\n\n##### **_Gender discrimination:_** _Being treated less favorably because of an_ _individual\u2019s gender._\n\nAccording to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against\nWomen, the term \u201cdiscrimination against women\u201d shall mean any distinction, exclusion\nor restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or\nnullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their\nmarital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and\nfundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.\nGender discrimination may likewise be understood to refer to any distinction,\nexclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of\nimpairing or nullifying the enjoyment of rights, on a basis of equality of men and\nwomen, and irrespective of marital status.\n\n\n**While most gender-discriminatory provisions in nationality laws and policies**\n**disadvantage women, such discrimination also harms, girls, boys, men and society**\n**as a whole.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Countries with gender-discriminatory nationality laws regarding the conferral of nationality on children\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\n6 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Why does gender** **discrimination contribute** **to statelessness among** **children?**\n\nChildren who cannot acquire their mother\u2019s nationality \u2013 or in\nseveral countries, their father\u2019s nationality \u2013 because of gender\ndiscrimination in the law may also be unable to acquire the other\nparent\u2019s nationality for a number of reasons, such as:\n#### \u2022 [An inability to locate the parent or establish a legal link ]\n\nwith the parent;\n#### \u2022 [The parent\u2019s unwillingness to assist in the acquisition ]\n\nof nationality;\n#### \u2022 [The parent\u2019s stateless status;] \u2022 [The parent\u2019s lack of civil or identity documentation ]\n\n(e.g., national ID, marriage certificate);\n\n\nThe parent\u2019s country of citizenship prevents them from passing\nnationality in certain circumstances, such as when the parent and\nthe child were born outside the country.\n\n\n8 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **What is the impact of** **gender discrimination** **in nationality laws on** **children?**\n\n\n\nGender discrimination in nationality laws places\nmany children worldwide at risk of statelessness\nand can result in wide-ranging violations of\nchildren\u2019s rights, including obstacles to family\nunity, freedom of movement, access to education,\nhealthcare, and social services, the right to an\ninheritance, and freedom from child marriage, in\naddition to other hardships and rights violations.\nThe exclusion caused by gender discrimination in\n\nnationality laws and policies contributes to\npsychological distress and marginalization, while\ndenying children the chance to follow their\ndreams to pursue certain professions. Countries\nalso suffer and sustainable development is\ninhibited when such children are prevented from\nfully contributing to society.\n\n\nIn more than fifty countries women are denied\nequal rights with men to confer nationality on\nforeign spouses. Due to the associated challenges\nof securing residency permits and employment for\nforeign spouses, women\u2019s inability to equally\nconfer nationality on spouses threatens family\nunity and children\u2019s ability to know and be cared\nfor by both of their parents.\n\n\n\nGender discrimination in nationality laws also\nperpetuates women\u2019s unequal status in society\nand the family, sending a message to girls that\nthey are not equal citizens because of their\ngender.\n\n\nAccording to the Constitution of The Bahamas,\n\nwomen cannot pass their nationality to their\nchildren born abroad on an equal basis with\nmarried men.\n\n###### _\u201cTo not have the ability to confer_ _citizenship to my child, on the basis_ _of my gender alone, is disheartening_ _and dehumanizing. Why should I as_ _a woman not hold the same rights as_ _a man in the same situation? I hope_ _that the Government will address this_ _issue very soon, as so many families_ _are adversely affected by these_ _disparities in the nationality laws\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Bahamian mother_\n\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Children currently and** **formerly affected by** **statelessness because of** **gender discrimination**\n\n### Jin [\u03a6]\n\nwas born in Brunei Darussalam to a Malaysian mother and stateless father, who was also born in Brunei.\nThough Malaysian men have the right to confer nationality on children born within a legal marriage\nregardless of the child\u2019s place of birth, Malaysian women are denied the same right. Due to gender\ndiscrimination in Malaysia\u2019s law, in combination with his father\u2019s stateless status, Jin is also stateless.\nLacking citizenship, Jin faces a range of hardships including obstacles to assessing medical care,\neducational opportunities, property rights and freedom of movement.\n\n###### _\u201cTo be honest, I feel hopeless. I feel hopelessness and_ _powerlessness. I feel discriminated. I feel depressed. I used_ _to have a small hope that this would be solved in the near_ _future\u2026\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Jin, child of Malaysian mother and father who is a stateless permanent resident of_\n\n_Brunei Darussalam_\n\n\n10 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Saidika and Her Children* [\u03a6]\n\nSaidika is a Kuwaiti woman married to a stateless man. They have three children who\nare all stateless because Kuwaiti women do not have the right to pass their nationality\nto their children \u2013 a right reserved for Kuwaiti men.\n\n\n###### _\u201cIf they don\u2019t have an ID card, if they don\u2019t have the nationality\u2026_\n\n\n###### _they will face difficulties when dealing with the authorities._ _When applying for university, when applying for jobs, any of_\n\n\n###### _these things, they will face difficulties. [The government] should_ _do something for us. Not for me or for my husband, but for the_ _future of our children.\u201d_\n\n\n\n\n_\u2013 Saidika, a Kuwaiti woman with three stateless children_\n\n\nSadika\u2019s children. \u00a9 Hannah Boatfield\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Amina, Ahmed and their children\n\n\n\nAmina*, a Sudanese woman, had seven children\n\nwith her husband Ahmed, a Sudanese man who\npassed away several years ago. Amina had no\nidentity documents and had not been able to\nsecure birth certificates for her children. A\ndomestic cleaner, Amina had dreams that her\nchildren would get an education and become\nprofessionals. When she realized the educational\nand employment opportunities that would be\ndenied her children without identity\ndocumentation, she went to the civil registry to try\nto obtain birth certificates and national numbers\nfor them. However, the authorities asked her to\nbring members of her husband\u2019s family to testify\nin order for the children to get birth certificates\nand a national number. Amina was not in contact\nwith her husband\u2019s family and did not know even\nknow where they lived.\n\n\nWhile the Interim National Constitution of the\nRepublic of Sudan (2005) upholds the equal right\nof men and women to pass nationality to their\nchildren, the Sudanese Nationality Act (amended\n2011) retains several provisions that discriminate\nagainst women. However, in a decision in 2017,\nthe Supreme Court of Sudan reaffirmed the right\nof Sudanese women to independently confer\nnationality on their children, regardless of the\nfather\u2019s nationality. Despite this important\ndecision \u2013 as Amina\u2019s case demonstrates \u2013 it can\nstill be difficult for Sudanese mothers to\nindependently secure needed documentation for\ntheir children. This underscores the need for\nSudan and other countries to address\n\n\n\ndiscrepancies between their Constitution,\nnationality law, and related policies, in order to\nensure women\u2019s independent right to confer\nnationality and access birth certificates for their\nchildren, regardless of the mother\u2019s marital status.\n\n\nLuckily for Amina, UNHCR was able to work with\nauthorities to first secure her national number and\nthen birth certificates and national numbers for\nher children.\n\n###### _\u201cSecuring birth certificates and_ _national numbers for my children has_ _enabled them to sit for the primary_ _and high school qualifying exam,_ _and to access university. This in turn_ _means a better future as well as_ _work opportunities for them. Since_ _we got the [birth] certificates, I\u2019m_ _finally able to sleep well in the night,_ _as I was feeling guilty for not being_ _able to secure these basic rights for_ _them.\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Amina_\n\n\n\n12 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Rama and her mother, Lebanon. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jordi Matas\n\n### Rama [\u03a6]\n\n\nRama was born in Lebanon to a Lebanese mother.\nHowever, Rama is stateless. Rama\u2019s father is\nstateless and her mother, like all Lebanese\nwomen, is denied the right to pass her nationality\nto her child. Lacking identity documentation\nbecause of her stateless status, Rama cannot\ntravel freely and faces many obstacles.\n\n\nBecause Rama is stateless, it is unlikely she could\nsit for the public exams required to become a\ndoctor. \u201cI feel that Rama has no future. The\nsituation of stateless people in Lebanon should\nchange so that they can exist and live with\neveryone else in society.\u201d \u2013 Rama\u2019s mother\n\n\n###### _\u201cAll my friends go to places and I_ _could not go to them. I feel sad_ _because I don\u2019t have an ID and all_ _my friends have an ID. I want my job_ _when I grow up to be a baby doctor,_ _because when the baby is sick, I_ _want to help them.\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Rama_\n\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **International and regional** **instruments promoting** **gender equality in** **nationality laws**\n\n##### Many international legal instruments and regional declarations uphold the right of citizens to pass their nationality to their children regardless of the parent\u2019s gender.\n\n### International Instruments\n\n\n###### **Convention on the Rights** **of the Child**\n\nArticle 2(1). States Parties shall respect and ensure\nthe rights set forth in the present Convention to\neach child within their jurisdiction _**without**_\n_**discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the**_\n_**child\u2019s or his or her parent\u2019s or legal guardian\u2019s**_\n_**race**_, colour, _**sex**_, language, religion, political or\nother opinion, national, ethnic or social origin,\nproperty, disability, birth or other status.\n\n\nArticle 7 (1). The child shall be registered\nimmediately after birth and shall have the right\nfrom birth to a name, the _**right to acquire a**_\n_**nationality**_ and as far as possible, the right to\nknow and be cared for by his or her parents.\n\n\n###### **Convention on the Elimination of** **All Forms of Discrimination Against** **Women**\n\nArticle 2. States Parties _**condemn discrimination**_\n_**against women in all its forms**_, agree to pursue\nby all appropriate means and without delay a\npolicy of eliminating discrimination against women\n\n\nArticle 9(2). States Parties shall _**grant women**_\n_**equal rights with men**_ with respect to the\n_**nationality of their children**_ .\n\n\n\n14 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Regional declarations and protocols\n\n\n###### **Arab Declaration on Belonging and** **Legal Identity, endorsed at the Arab** **League Ministerial Conference on** **Belonging and Identity, 28 February** **2018, Tunis**\n\nArticle 9: Call upon Member States to put an end\nto all forms of discrimination in the area of\nnationality and to take concrete steps to amend\nlaws and legislation relating to nationality in order\nto grant women and men equal rights in conferring\nnationality to children and spouses and to acquire,\nchange or retain nationality in conformity with\ninternational standards and not contrary to\nnational interests; and\n\n\nArticle 10: Promote the lifting of reservations to the\nConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of\nDiscrimination against Women (CEDAW) in relation\nto provisions which protect the equal rights of\nwomen and men to acquire, retain or change their\nnationality and confer it to children.\n\n\n###### **Abidjan Declaration of Ministers** **of ECOWAS Member States on** **Eradication of Statelessness**\n\nArticle 3: 3. We affirm our commitment to\nimplement, as appropriate, the relevant provisions\nof the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms\nof Discrimination against Women and the Protocol\nto the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019\nRights on the Rights of Women in Africa and to\nensure that men and women have equal rights to\nacquire, change and retain their nationality and\nconfer nationality to their children.\n\n###### **Declaration of the International** **Conference on the Great Lakes** **Region (ICGLR) Member States on** **the Eradication of Statelessness**\n\n\n\u201cWe, Member States of the International\nConference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR)\u2026\nReaffirm our commitment to implement the\nrelevant international and regional legal\ninstruments on the rights of women to _**ensure that**_\n_**women and men have equal rights to acquire,**_\n_**change, and retain their nationality and to**_\n_**confer their nationality to their children and**_\n_**spouses\u2026**_ \u201d\n\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Protocol to the African Charter on** **Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the** **Rights of Women in Africa**\n\nArticle 2: Elimination of Discrimination Against\nWomen\n\n\n_**States Parties shall combat all forms of**_\n_**discrimination against women**_ through\nappropriate legislative, institutional and other\nmeasures. In this regard they shall:\n\n\na) Include in their national constitutions and other\nlegislative instruments, if not already done, the\nprinciple of equality between women and men\nand ensure its effective application;\n\n\nb) Enact and effectively implement appropriate\nlegislative or regulatory measures, including those\nprohibiting and curbing all forms of discrimination\nparticularly those;\n\n\nd) _**Take corrective and positive action in those**_\n_**areas where discrimination against women in**_\n_**law and in fact continues to exist;**_\n\n###### **The N\u2019Djamena Initiative on the** **Eradication of Statelessness in** **Central Africa**\n\n\nArticle 11: Encourage States Parties to pursue the\nimplementation of the relevant provisions of the\naforementioned conventions and to ensure that\nmen and women have equal rights in terms of\nacquisition, change and retention of nationality, as\nwell as in transmission of nationality to their\nchildren.\n\n\n### The Sustainable Development Goals\n###### **Ending Gender Discrimination in** **Nationality Laws to Promote** **Sustainable Development**\n\nThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were\nadopted by consensus by Member States of the\nUnited Nations. Gender-equal nationality rights\nare essential to achieving SDG 5: \u201cAchieve gender\nequality and empower all women and girls.\u201d The\nachievement of many SDGs will be negatively\nimpacted unless nationality laws are reformed to\nuphold gender equality.\n\n\n\n16 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Examples of reform**\n\n### Nawal and Her Children [\u03a6]\n\n\n\nIraq has made important progress in advancing\ngender equal nationality rights. Notably, the 2005\nConstitution made positive progress towards\ngender equality by establishing that nationality\ncan be acquired by descent by children born to\neither an Iraqi mother or father (Article 18, items 1\nand 2). Although Iraq\u2019s 2006 nationality law\nextends the right to confer nationality to children\nborn in Iraq equally to Iraqi men and women, the\nlaw limits the ability of Iraqi women to confer\nnationality on children born outside the country.\nNawal explains what this change in law will mean\nfor her children:\n\n\nNawal and her children, Iraq. \u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n###### _\u201cI am an Iraqi national married to an_ _Iranian national. I am currently taking_ _all the necessary legal procedures to_ _enable my children to obtain Iraqi_ _citizenship and enjoy the same rights_ _as their peers, including their right to_ _documentation, a passport, and the_ _right to vote. All these privileges_ _were not available under the_ _previous law, where Iraqi women_ _were prohibited from passing their_ _nationality to their children.\u201d_\n\n_\u2013Nawal_\n\n\n\nG E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Francine, Kenya. \u00a9 Equal Rights Trust\n### Francine [\u03a6]\n\n\nPrior to Kenya\u2019s 2010 Constitutional reform,\nKenyan women lacked the right to pass their\nnationality to their children on an equal basis with\nmen. Francine is the daughter of a Kenyan mother,\nCaroline, and a Ghanaian father. When the\nchildren were young, Caroline tried to get\npassports for them, but the authorities said they\ncould not give her children passports because her\nhusband is not Kenyan. Francine also tried twice\nto obtain her ID document: \u201c[Prior to the 2010\nConstitution] the authorities told me, you are not\neven Kenyan. Your dad is not Kenyan. At the time I\nwas in college and was supposed to sit for my\nexams, but you are not allowed to do the exams if\nyou don\u2019t have the ID because you\u2019re not Kenyan.\u201d\n\n- Francine\n\n\n\n\n_\u2013 Patricia Nyaundi, Commission Secretary, Kenya_\n\n_National Commission on Human Rights_\n\n\n\nIn 2010, Kenya established a new Constitution that\nupholds the equal ability of citizens to pass their\nnationality to their children and spouses,\nregardless of gender. \u201cAfter the reforms \u2013 my\nmom is Kenyan \u2013 so [the authorities] didn\u2019t ask\nabout my dad\u2026They knew that my dad was not\nKenyan, but they didn\u2019t care. I just got the ID.\u201d \u2013\nFrancine\n\n\n###### _\u201cHow would you feel as a grandfather_\n\n\n###### _if your grandchildren did not share_ _your nationality simply because your_\n\n\n###### _daughter married a non-Kenyan?\u201d_\n\n\n\n18 G E N D E R D I S C R I M I N AT I O N A N D C H I L D H O O D S TAT E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Halima [\u03a6]\n\nHalima was born in Morocco to her mother Zakia,\na Moroccan national, and a foreign father. Prior to\nMorocco\u2019s 2007 reforms, Halima was treated like\na foreigner, despite being born and raised in\nMorocco. In 2007, Morocco reformed its\nnationality law, which now guarantees the equal\nright of Moroccan women and men to pass their\nnationality to their children.\n\n\n\u201cBefore this law, I didn\u2019t have the Moroccan\n\nnationality. I felt like I was a little bit different from\nthe others. But now I can do anything I want, like\nall the other children.\u201d \u2013 Halima\n\n\n###### _\u201cBefore they received Moroccan_ _nationality, they were considered_ _foreigners. Now everything has_ _changed. Now that they have_ _Moroccan nationality, they are_ _considered Moroccan.\u201d_\n\n\n_\u2013 Halima\u2019s mother, Zakia_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3a4247bd-3743-3a90-a348-b95f57521b7f/Gender-discrimination-childhood-statelessness-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_426/raw/doc_426_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_426/raw/doc_426_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9046673cf30a817b1da64bbed1e246a513bf9e4e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_426/raw/doc_426_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,320 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Purpose**\n\nThis inter-agency Gender Alert highlights key issues affecting women, men, girls and boys, in all\ntheir diversity, after Super Typhoon Rai (Odette) hit the Philippines on 16 December 2021, and it\nsupports humanitarian sectors to better respond to immediate needs and implement longer-term\nmeasures for recovery.\n\n\n**Situation**\n\n\n\nSuper Typhoon Rai brought torrential rains, violent winds,\nlandslides and storm surges that caused severe and widespread\ndamage throughout the southern Philippines on 16 December\n2021. The storm swept through 11 of the 17 regions of the country,\ncausing 405 deaths, affecting 11.9 million people and damaging\n2.1 million houses. The provinces of Surigao del Norte and Dinagat\nIslands in Mindanao, and five provinces of Visayas and the island\nof Palawan in Luzon suffered widespread devastation. Three\nmonths after the typhoon hit, many people are still displaced.\nMany families that lost their homes now reside in evacuation\ncentres or with relatives. [1 ]\n\n\n\nAs revealed by inter-agency community consultations, priority\nneeds include shelter, food and livelihoods, and women\nparticipants in community-engagement mechanisms have\nstressed the need for longer-term livelihood support. As\nvulnerability increases and humanitarian action intensifies\nso does the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse, and it is\ncritical that the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse is\naccelerated and integrated into all humanitarian actions and\nresponses. [2]\n\n\n\n1 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2022, \u201cSafeguarding the rights of the vulnerable: Ensuring solutions for the internally\ndisplaced population due to Super Typhoon Rai in Caraga Region and Southern Leyte province\u201d, Thematic Bulletin Issue No. 1, 1 March.\n2 The Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability is a framework of nine commitments organizations and individuals involved in humanitarian\nresponse can use to improve the quality and effectiveness of the services they provide to people affected by crises.\n\n\nPAGE 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PRIORITIES TO ENSURE**\n**A GENDER-SENSITIVE RESPONSE**\n\n\n**1. Health care**\n\nAn estimated 2.4 million affected people are in\nneed of health services. [3] Hospitals and clinics,\nincluding local barangay health centres, were affected by floods\nthat damaged medical equipment, facilities and supplies, and\nhealth workers were unable to deliver basic health services.\n**Sexual reproductive health services have also been disrupted** .\nFurther, the impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)\npandemic and the typhoon have increased **psychological distress**\n**and depression due to the loss of livelihoods, displacement and**\n**uncertainty.**\n\n\n**Access is a critical issue in health care, in particular for women**\n**and girls.** People with disabilities and those who are in\ngeographically isolated and disadvantaged areas have difficulty\naccessing health care facilities \u2013 this was the case even before\nthe typhoon damaged vital health infrastructure. Now people\nhave to travel farther to access health care, and government\ntransport assistance may not be available. Women and girls\nin need of routine sexual and reproductive health services,\nincluding pregnant women and adolescent girls at risk of teenage\npregnancy, are often unable to access those services. There is also\na need for **menstrual health management interventions,** such as\nensuring women and girls have access to culturally appropriate\nmenstrual hygiene materials, health information and supplies.\n\n\nThe **mental health and psychosocial impact** of the typhoon is\nsignificant along with the impact of the pandemic. The provision\nof mental health and psychosocial support services is extremely\nlimited. In recovering from disasters, planning should include\ngender-sensitive training and support for health workers on\nbasic mental health and psychosocial support services and the\nprovision of psychological first aid.\n\n\n\nRecovery measures should include **longer-term development**\n**of institutions that provide health services,** to strengthen the\ncapacity of all health workers through **training on psychological**\n**first aid and the implementation of gender-based violence (GBV)**\n**referral mechanisms.** Longer-term preventative measures are also\nrequired to reduce rising rates of teenage pregnancy and GBV.\n\n\nThere is a need for **targeted support for adolescent boys and girls**\nwho suffered the mental health impact of COVID-19 as well as\nthe typhoon. Research from Plan International shows the impact\nof the pandemic on adolescent mental health issues, including\nanxiety, due to possible or actual loss of family income, illness\namong family members, inability to access timely information\nand loss of socialization opportunities. **Youth-friendly spaces**\n**and health information** to reduce the risks of GBV, early and\nunplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases\nshould be continually provided.\n\n\n**2. Shelter and cash assistance**\n\nThe top three priority needs following the\ntyphoon were for shelter, livelihoods and food. A\nstate of calamity was declared in six regions owing to extensive\ndamage to shelters and livelihoods. Shelters should be built to\noffer enough **space and privacy to mitigate protection risks.**\n\n\nWhile larger evacuation centres have women\u2019s safe spaces,\nsome evacuation centres do not have these spaces or **partitions/**\n**privacy screens** for families. The operation of shelters for GBV\nsurvivors, which was limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, was\nfurther disrupted by the typhoon.\n\n\nCommunication and information awareness to ensure\nsafety during reconstruction must reach vulnerable groups.\nOrganizations providing support to construction contractors\nshould carry out due diligence in recruitment, and all contractors\nshould sign the code of conduct for the prevention of sexual\nexploitation and abuse and attend briefings on reducing the risk\nof sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n\nThe provision of cash assistance should be based on **local market**\n**analyses**, it should be complemented by in-kind assistance,\nwhere necessary, and it should be implemented along with dono-harm risk mitigation measures and protection monitoring.\nLonger-term recovery and cash-for-work programmes should\nprovide **targeted women\u2019s livelihood support** and ensure\nprotection, participation and accountability.\n\n\nIn designing shelter programmes that incorporate a livelihood\ncomponent for beneficiaries, programme administrators should\nconsider the impact on households led by women and by older\npeople. There is a need for consultation and discussion with\nthe community to establish clear criteria for the selection of\nbeneficiaries.\n\n\n\n3 United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), 2022, UNICEF Philippines Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3 (Typhoon Rai), 8 March.\n\n\n\nPAGE 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. Water, sanitation and hygiene**\n\nInfectious diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea\nare prevalent as an estimated 2.4 million affected\npeople need water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) support\nand more than 141 water systems and institutional sanitation\nfacilities have been destroyed. Only a limited number of shelters\nhave **separate latrine facilities** for men and women.\n\n\nLack of access to clean water has increased the incidence of\ndiarrhoea and other waterborne diseases. Pulmonary diseases,\nflu and malnutrition are prevalent among children due to lack of\nproper shelter, WASH facilities and reduced food consumption.\nDespite suffering from these illnesses, many people refused to\ngo to hospitals where COVID-19 testing was required prior to\nconsultation and treatment, because testing positive would\nhave led to mandatory confinement in isolation facilities.\n\n\n**Minimum standards of gender and WASH** need to be integrated\ninto emergency and longer-term programming, in particular\nseparate latrines must be provided for women and girls\nand other vulnerable groups and lighting at night must be\nadequate. Prior to rebuilding institutional sanitation facilities,\nconsultations must be held with different community groups,\nincluding women\u2019s groups, so that facilities are designed to\nmeet their needs.\n\n\nIt is critical to gather information on the differences in WASH\npractices, roles and patterns of members of households in terms\nof access and mobility, consumption, collection and engagement\nin operations and maintenance, to promote the safety, health\nand well-being of women, men, girls and boys of all ages. There\nis a need to raise **community awareness** on the importance of\nhygiene and sanitation and to engage community members in\n**regular monitoring** of WASH safety, security and accessibility to\neveryone, especially women and girls\n\n\n**4. Food security**\n\nFood security will be an ongoing priority in the\ntyphoon response. There is a need to **increase**\n**women's participation** in food security interventions, to assess\nthe ability of at-risk groups to access adequate food, to ensure\nfood baskets meet the specific needs of vulnerable groups\n(e.g. children, pregnant and lactating women, women-headed\nhouseholds, older women and men as well as people with\ndisabilities) and to identify effective and accessible additional\nfeeding interventions. Targeting criteria for food assistance\nshould account for gender, age, ethnicity, disability and other\ncharacteristics, and the criteria should be reviewed and refined\nto ensure they are applied consistently. Exclusion risks must\nbe mitigated for non-traditional household compositions\n(including households with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,\nqueer, intersex and other (LGBTQ+) people).\n\n\n\n**5. Education in emergencies**\n\nPrior to the typhoon, most schools used printed\nlearning modules and implemented online\nclasses. The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Service\nof the Department of Education reported that the typhoon\naffected 14.8 million learners in 29,671 schools. In all areas,\nstructural damage to schools is exacerbated by the destruction\nof equipment, such as computers, printers, school records, books\nand other teaching materials, which has increased the burden\non teachers. Disruption in education impacts **development**\n**outcomes for girls and boys**, including their social and emotional\ndevelopment. Moreover, school closures create **additional care**\n**work for women and girls** .\n\n\n**6. Livelihoods**\n\nThe International Labour Organization (ILO)\nhas estimated that approximately 38 per cent\nof workers affected by the typhoon are women, and **three in**\n**five were in low-paid jobs in agriculture, wholesale and retail**\n**trade or domestic work. Young people and older workers**, who\nface distinct age-related employment challenges, were also\nsignificantly affected. [4]\n\n\nBefore the typhoon, men were more likely to work outside the\nhome to provide income for the family. Following the typhoon,\ninitial assessments from CARE International showed that\nwomen took on extra paid work because economic destruction\nreduced men\u2019s income. Households needed additional income to\nrecover from the disaster.\n\n\nThe typhoon caused significant damage to the agriculture\nsector and the livelihoods of many people working in that sector.\nFloodwater and storm surges damaged rice, coconut and corn\nfarms, fisheries, agricultural machines and equipment, and\nlivestock and poultry. [5] Given their high rates of poverty and\nreliance on agriculture, indigenous populations, in particular\n**indigenous women-headed households**, were among the most\naffected by the typhoon.\n\n\n\n4 ILO Country Office for Philippines, 2021, \u201cTyphoon Rai (Odette) and employment in the Philippines: A rapid impact assessment\u201d, ILO brief, 29 December.\n5 ACAPS, 2022, \u201cPhilippines \u2013 Update: Typhoon Rai\u201d, Briefing note, 31 January.\n\n\n\nPAGE 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Women\u2019s groups are active in the typhoon response and in\nlivelihood recovery. On Siargao Island, women self-help groups\nconducted coral and seagrass assessments in several barangays.\nThe recovery of **marine life habitats is of particular importance**\n**for marginalized** people, including women who depend on them\nfor their livelihoods.\n\n\nIn the longer term, the development of livelihoods and social\nprotection must recognize ongoing work and take a gender and\ninclusion lens to meet the needs of women and marginalized\ngroups. This will improve food security and the economic status\nof vulnerable groups. It is essential to address the loss of income\nto decrease the risk of labour exploitation.\n\n\nThe lack of livelihood programmes increases the probability that\n**youth will be exploited for cheap domestic labour** below the\nminimum wage.\n\n\n**7. Protection and gendered**\n**impact of no-build zones**\n\nNo-build zones (NBZ), in which housing\nconstruction is prohibited owing to the high risk of disasters,\nhave been designated without due process or prior consultation\nwith the affected population. There is a lack of information on the\nscope of the NBZ policy, in particular among vulnerable groups.\nThe Displacement Tracking Matrix assessment (28 March 2022)\nof the International Organization for Migration (IOM) showed\nthat 68 per cent of internally displaced people were not aware of\nany relocation plans by their local government units.\n\n\nInformation and support must be provided to people who must\nrelocate and establish alternative livelihoods, such as womenheaded households and marginalized people, including people\nwith disabilities. **Prior consultation on the design and location of**\n**relocation sites must be carried out with affected communities**\nincluding women as well as men and marginalized groups.\n\n\nPeople residing in NBZs are only allowed to erect temporary\nshelters, thus **latrine facilities are lacking, and this leads to**\n**protection risks for women and girls** . Ongoing displacement,\ntemporary accommodation and forced evictions of those who\nare unable to pay rent due lost income can increase the risk of\nsexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n\n**Women\u2019s groups are active in humanitarian response, including**\n**protection measures** . For example, in Negros Occidental Province,\nwomen\u2019s groups are involved in the humanitarian and recovery\nresponses for protection. A consultation with the Municipal\nSocial Welfare and Development Office to map referral pathways\nin communities is planned to ensure appropriate activities\nand actions on protection. Women conducted **monitoring and**\n**reporting of protection violations in evacuation centres** and\nfound that women protection monitors need increased support\nand capacity-building.\n\n\n6 Philippines Statistics Authority, 2017 _, National Demographic and Health Survey VII._\n\n\n\n**Women and girls migrated to urban places in search of**\n**livelihoods, which increased their exposure to trafficking and**\n**exploitation.**\n\n\nPsychological distress translates into intimate partner violence,\nand prior to the typhoon, some 24 per cent of ever-married\nwomen in the Philippines experienced physical, sexual or\nemotional violence by their current or most recent husband/\npartner. [6]\n\n\nIt is critical to provide multisectoral GBV services, including\nwomen-friendly spaces, clinical management of rape services,\npsychosocial support and case management. Safety nets should\nbe put in place to ensure that vulnerable groups, especially\npeople with disabilities and older people, can access services.\nFunctional referral pathways and complaint mechanisms for\nthe prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse should be\nset up and fully implemented. The orientation or induction of\nfrontline humanitarian staff should include briefings/materials\non GBV mitigation across all categories of humanitarian sector\nprogramming. Longer-term measures are needed to prevent\nearly marriage and early/unplanned pregnancies. **Joint safety**\n**audits should be conducted to identify hots spots for GBV risk**\nand support collaboration with entities responsible for redress.\n\n\nLack of access to electricity is a protection issue for women and\ngirls, and the provision of solar lamps can address this issue.\nFor example, community-based planning on Siargao Island\nconducted by the coalition of non-governmental organizations,\nECOWEB, revealed protection issues related to the lack of\nadequate lighting. Women in the community identified the\nability to charge a mobile phone and the ability to send and\nreceive messages as important protection measures.\n\n\nPAGE 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "coral and seagrass assessments", - "confidence": 0.9803472757339478, - "start": 23, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Siargao Island", - "confidence": 0.9747382402420044, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix assessment", - "confidence": 0.9931719303131104, - "start": 224, - "end": 228 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9909738898277283, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced people", - "confidence": 0.9802109599113464, - "start": 248, - "end": 251 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.7774465680122375, - "start": 505, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5817729830741882, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Philippines Statistics Authority", - "confidence": 0.9555771946907043, - "start": 498, - "end": 501 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Philippines", - "confidence": 0.9630559086799622, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9748907089233398, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women protection monitors", - "confidence": 0.7072045803070068, - "start": 488, - "end": 491 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community-based planning", - "confidence": 0.6945991516113281, - "start": 758, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Siargao Island", - "confidence": 0.977179229259491, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Women in the community", - "confidence": 0.6419700384140015, - "start": 784, - "end": 788 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Lessons learned on gender from Typhoon Haiyan response**\n\n - Positively engage with issues such as gender and women\u2019s participation in housing or construction-related\nmarkets when providing cash and distributing non-food items.\n\n - There should be more connection between protection and livelihood responses, recognizing that sustainable\nlivelihoods have positive protection outcomes, for example by reducing the likelihood of human trafficking.\n\n - The approach to livelihood programmes must be gender-sensitive, including gendered market assessments.\n\n - Initial assessments should include rapid gender analysis and sex and age disaggregated data.\n\n\nSources: CARE International and Habitat for Humanity, 2018, _Lessons from Typhoon Haiyan: Supporting shelter self-recovery in the_\n_Philippines_ ; ILO and IOM, 2015, _Impact of Livelihood Recovery Initiatives on Reducing Vulnerability to Human Trafficking and Illegal_\n_Recruitment: Lessons from Typhoon Haiyan._\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n**\u2022** **Adhere to minimum standards on gender**\n\nThe humanitarian response, in particular for **shelter, cash distribution and food security**, should adhere to minimum\nstandards on gender. Humanitarian staff should receive training on the **Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based**\n**Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action** provided by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). [7]\n\n\n**\u2022** **Collaborate with local women-led networks and non-governmental organizations**\n\nInformal and formal women\u2019s networks are responding to the typhoon and engaging with communities.\nHumanitarian actors need to **ensure consistent collaboration with these groups and provide advocacy support**\nduring the emergency response and the longer-term recovery. Local and community-led approaches can ensure that\nactions respond to the priority needs of affected people. **Women\u2019s networks need capacity-building to monitor and**\n**report protection violations in evacuation centres.**\n\n\n**\u2022** **Monitor, collect and share gender information related to programming**\n\nClusters and agencies implementing humanitarian response activities should **include the different needs and**\n**priorities for women, men, boys and girls in their regular assessments, monitoring and data collection.** They should\nshare this information with other agencies to ensure a cohesive working approach.\n\n\n**EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS MEASURES**\n\n\n**\u2022** **Capacity-building to support gender-sensitive disaster response mechanisms and for the**\n**implementation of referral pathways**\n\nFor gender sensitivity to be systemic across disaster responses from the immediate onset of a disaster,\n**humanitarian staff need capacity-building on gender in emergencies in a regular and embedded manner**, rather\nthan as ad-hoc trainings, and gender sensitivity must be integrated into **anticipatory action framework processes** .\nTraining and support on the **implementation of referral pathways** must be provided. Measures and awareness for\nthe prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse need to be strengthened and inclusion measures, **in particular for**\n**people with disabilities**, need to be integrated across disaster preparedness measures.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Rapid gender analysis and use of sex and age disaggregated data**\n\nRather than waiting until after months of the disaster/emergency response have passed, a **comprehensive joint**\n**rapid gender analysis** should be conducted as part of the needs assessment at the immediate onset of a disaster\nto inform emergency programming. It is important to collect sex and age disaggregated data throughout all\nphases of programming, but data collection must be **accompanied by analysis in order to be effective in practice** .\nClusters and agencies should work with gender technical advisors where possible to collect and use sex and age\ndisaggregated data to adapt programming as needed.\n\n\n7 The IASC resources provide guidance on gender mainstreaming in humanitarian response. See also: Inter-Agency Minimum Standards for Gender-Based Violence in\nEmergencies Programming; Interagency Gender-Based Violence Case Management Guidelines; Inter-Agency PSEA-CBCM Best Practice Guide; Policy on Protection in\nHumanitarian Action; and IASC Revised Commitments on Accountability to Affected Populations and Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, 2017.\n\nPAGE 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gendered market assessments", - "confidence": 0.9413979649543762, - "start": 80, - "end": 83 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5447707176208496, - "start": 126, - "end": 127 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Humanitarian staff", - "confidence": 0.5417198538780212, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender information", - "confidence": 0.8698619604110718, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex and age disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9607495665550232, - "start": 574, - "end": 579 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex and age disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9927862286567688, - "start": 636, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "gender technical advisors", - "confidence": 0.9080110192298889, - "start": 673, - "end": 676 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Prepared by:**\n\nThis Gender Alert was prepared by the Gender in Humanitarian Action Community of Practice\nPhilippines (GiHA CoP). GiHA CoP Philippines is an inter-agency working group operating under the\nHCT and providing strategic and technical assistance, information and collaboration on gender in\nhumanitarian action.\n\n\n**GiHA CoP Philippines Participating Agencies:**\n\nAction Against Hunger (AAH), Angat Bayi, Inc., Balay Rehabilitation Center, Bangsamoro Women\u2019s\nCommission, Build Change, Bulig Visayas, CARE, Catholic Relief Services, CBM International, Cebu\nUnited Rainbow LGBTIQ+ Sector, CFSI, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW-AP), Commission\non Human Rights (CHR), CORDSPA, COSE, Department of Health (DOH) - Health Emergency\nManagement Bureau (HEMB), DOH-HEMB, Department of National Defense (DND), Disaster Risk\nReduction Network (DRR-NET), DSWD DRMB, Empowerment and Participation of Women Center\nfor People\u2019s Empowerment, FAO, Freedom from Debt Coalition, Food for the Hungry Philippines,\nGALANG Philippines, HI, ILO, IOM, Katilingan sa Kalambuan Inc., Zamboanga-Bangsamoro Integrated\nDevelopment Alliance, National Council of Women of the Philippines (NCWDP), National Economic\nand Development Authority, NOVEL Philippines, OCD, Outright Action International, OXFAM,\nPambansang Koalisyon ng Kababaihan sa Kanayunan (PKKK), Philippine Commission on Women\n(PCW), Philippine Faith-Based Organizations Forum (FBO PH), Philippine INGO Network, Philippine\nRed Cross, PILIPINA, Plan International Philippines, Regional Human Right Commission \u2013 ARMM,\nRoots of Health, Save the Children Philippines, Solidarity of Oppressed Filipino People (SOFP/DAMPA),\nUN OCHA, UN Women, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR, University of Western Mindanao, College of\nSocial Work, WAGI, Women Enablers Advocates & Volunteers for Empowering & Responsive Solutions\n(WEAVERS), WFP, WHO, Women with Disability taking Action on Reproductive and Sexual Health\n(WDARE), Women\u2019s Education, Development, Productivity and Research Organization (WEDPRO),\nWomen\u2019s Lawyer Association of the Philippines, Women\u2019s Organization of Rajah Mamalu (WORMD),\nWorld Vision, Young Feminists Collective, YWCA of the Philippines.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disaster Risk\nReduction Network", - "confidence": 0.9785274863243103, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DRR-NET", - "confidence": 0.9068589210510254, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Philippines", - "confidence": 0.8745505213737488, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66ec32b7-3dd8-3109-8f95-9eee0e27c3e5/GenderAlert-Philippines%20Typhoon%20Final%20version%2028April2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_427/raw/doc_427_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_427/raw/doc_427_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1aa2df9bb19008013ebe83568752850381741f44..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_427/raw/doc_427_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,271 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**DAGAHALEY, KENYA** **CREDIT** \u00a9 **UNHCR**\n\n#### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Public Health\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n_UNHCR and its partners continued to strive for a timely and_\n_robust public health response during refugee emergencies_\n_and ongoing operations. Strengthened weekly surveillance_\n_of health indicators during emergencies and monitoring of_\n_programs contributed to effective health interventions._\n\n\n_Globally, the average under-five mortality rate was main-_\n_tained at 0.4 per 1000 under five populations per month. This_\n_is in spite of large influxes of refugees from Myanmar, South_\n_Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo, into the neigh-_\n_boring countries. It is recognized that there is underreporting_\n_of mortality to varying degrees and efforts are being made to_\n_improve this._\n\n\n_UNHCR and its partners successfully contributed to the man-_\n_agement of multiple outbreaks including cholera (Kenya,_\n_Uganda, and Sudan), malaria (Uganda), measles (Angola,_\n_Bangladesh), diphtheria (Bangladesh), typhoid (Rwanda) and_\n_monkey pox (Republic of Congo)._\n\n\n_The leading causes of under-five deaths were reported to be_\n_watery diarrhea (21.2%), lower respiratory tract infections_\n_(20%), neonatal deaths (17.7 %), malaria (10.7%), and acute_\n_malnutrition (7.8%). In the 21 countries where UNHCR and its_\n_partners use the HIS, 8 million consultations were conducted_\n_at 361 health facilities, 90% of these were diagnosed with a_\n_communicable disease. Upper respiratory tract infections_\n_(23.4%), malaria (18.2%), lower respiratory tract infections_\n_(11.3%), skin conditions (5.7%) and watery diarrhea (4.9%)_\n_were the top five causes of morbidity in 2017._\n\n\n_Together with Ministries of Health \u2013 UNHCR continues to pro-_\n_mote and support an integrated approach that reinforces the_\n_right to health and builds upon national health service deliv-_\n_ery mechanisms. This principle was reflected in the develop-_\n_ment of the draft global compact on refugees and in the_\n_development of a resolution on a framework of priorities and_\n_guiding principles on the health of refugees and migrants_\n_which was endorsed at the World Health Assembly (WHA) in_\n_May 2017. Progress on integration of refugees into national_\n_health systems was made in Ghana, where the enrolment_\n_process into the national health insurance scheme was con-_\n_cluded, and refugee health facilities were handed over to the_\n_Ghanaian Health Services. Similarly, Iran has entered the_\n_fourth project cycle of health financing for Afghan refugees,_\n_who are now allowed to enroll in the national health insur-_\n_ance system. The Department of Health of Pakistan included_\n_refugee children living in settlements into their immunization_\n_targets after UNHCR\u2019s investment in enhacing the cold chain_\n_capacity as an important step towards full integration in_\n_immunization service delivery for 2018. Community-based_\n_health insurance schemes under national regulations are_\n_under way in 8 other countries. UNHCR is working in partner-_\n_ship with ILO\u2019s Social Protection staff to explore opportunities_\n_for integration and support country operations to develop_\n_integration strategies._\n\n\n\n_UNHCR also participated in the development of a new GAVI_\n_policy launched in 2017 that offers greater flexibility and_\n_tailored support in vaccine provision to countries hosting_\n_refugees, further enhancing integration and sustainability._\n\n\n_The UNHCR non-communicable disease (NCD) project has_\n_entered its second phase with an aim to scale up the manage-_\n_ment of chronic diseases at primary care level through target-_\n_ed capacity building of partners, linkages to national pro-_\n_grammes and improvements in health service provisions._\n_Based on lessons learnt from the first phase (2013-2016) the_\n_project was expanded to include an updated evidence-based_\n_NCD toolkit with training-of-trainers manuals and clinical_\n_tools. The methodology was expanded to include continuous_\n_learning approaches. The training was successfully conduct-_\n_ed in Algeria and Rwanda in 2017 and will continue to expand_\n_in 6-8 operations in 2018/19._\n\n\n**Mental Health and Psychosocial Support**\n\n\n_In 2017, the number of mental health consultations increased_\n_in absolute numbers to 177,287, almost doubling from_\n_figures of 2014. This can mainly be attributed to the introduc-_\n_tion of the WHO/UNHCR mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention_\n_Guide to promote integration of mental health in primary_\n_health care. Since 2015, in partnership with the War Trauma_\n_Foundation UNHCR has organized trainings for mhGAP_\n_capacity building in various countries including Algeria, Ban-_\n_gladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of Congo, Democratic_\n_Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda._\n\n\n_The majority of mental health consultations were related to_\n_epilepsy/seizures (46%) and for severe mental disorders such_\n_as psychosis and bipolar disorder (20%). The percentage of_\n_people seen for common mental disorders such as depres-_\n_sion, anxiety, PTSD and other psychological complaints_\n_remains low (27%) compared to the expected prevalence of_\n_these conditions. This underscores the need for continued_\n_capacity building on scalable psychological interventions_\n_(these consist of structured manualized therapies of 4 \u2013 8 ses-_\n_sions to be delivered by non-specialists) in primary health_\n_care settings, which will be the focus in the coming year._\n\n\n_The number of consultations related to alcohol and sub-_\n_stance use is low (3%) which is indicative of the lack of_\n_options for identification and therapy of such disorders in_\n_general health care settings._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health indicators", - "confidence": 0.5137404203414917, - "start": 44, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GLOBAL", - "confidence": 0.5518596172332764, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5286487936973572, - "start": 89, - "end": 90 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Reproductive Health & HIV\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n\n\n_In order to provide adequate protection and assis-_\n_tance to women and girls and men and boys, UNHCR_\n_commits to support all components of reproductive_\n_health, prioritizing the most impactful and feasible_\n_interventions at the onset of an emergency while_\n_moving rapidly to more comprehensive services to_\n_cover the needs and rights of women and girls and_\n_men and boys._\n\n\n_In 2017, 83% of country operations using the UNHCR_\n_Reproductive Health Information System achieved at_\n_least 90% of deliveries occurring in health facilities (an_\n_increase from 67% of operations in 2014). However,_\n_only 22% of those operations reached more than 90%_\n_coverage of at least four antenatal visits but only 44%_\n_reached 90% coverage of three postnatal visits within_\n_6 weeks of delivery (global average of 83%). Efforts_\n_will continue to be made to strengthen coverage and_\n_quality of antenatal and postnatal care and key associ-_\n_ated interventions._\n\n\n_In 2017 a practical guide on adolescent sexual and_\n_reproductive health in refugee situations was piloted_\n_in two countries in 2017, Tanzania and Rwanda. The_\n_aim is to guide UNHCR and partner staff to develop_\n_programmes ensuring adolescent\u2019s rights to access_\n_sexual and reproductive health information and ser-_\n\n\n\n_vices. Additionally, an assessment was conducted on_\n_the situation of refugee women and men involved in_\n_sex work in refugee camps in Malawi and Mozam-_\n_bique to provide practical guidance for improving the_\n_response to, and prevention of, the health and protec-_\n_tion needs of sex workers in humanitarian settings._\n\n\n_UNHCR conducted a review of HIV prevention policy_\n_and practices in 10 country operations to provide evi-_\n_dence-informed recommendations on HIV preven-_\n_tion practices. The assessment and recommendations_\n_focused on HIV counselling and testing, Prevention of_\n_Mother to Child Transmission, behaviour change pro-_\n_grammes, laboratory support and voluntary medical_\n_circumcision. Gaps identified in these areas will be ad-_\n_dressed in 2018._\n\n\n_UNHCR has over 10,000 eligible refugees on ARTs in its_\n_supported operations. Approximately 85% of the_\n_women who attended antenatal care were tested for_\n_HIV, as part of efforts to eliminate mother to child_\n_transmission. Additionally, with funding received_\n_from UNAIDS, 16 UNHCR country operations were_\n_supported to address gaps in HIV and reproductive_\n_health programming, which contributed to:_\n\n\n_\u2022_ _192 refugees continued or started on ART in Ma-_\n_laysia;_\n\n_\u2022_ _More than 9,000 people accessed HIV counsel-_\n_ling and testing services in Pakistan, and more than_\n_133,000 syringes and 80,000 condoms were distribut-_\n_ed to persons who inject drugs (refugees and nation-_\n_als);_\n\n_\u2022_ _in Zambia UNHCR 247 people living with HIV_\n_were supported through supplemental feeding, liveli-_\n_hood and income generating projects, about 15,000_\n_received HIV testing and counselling (HCT) and_\n_received their results, about 50,000 were reached with_\n_HIV prevention programs, and more than 2,000 males_\n_were circumcised through outreach community pro-_\n_grams;_\n\n_\u2022_ _In Tanzania more than 100,000 male and female_\n_condoms were distributed in the different refugee_\n_communities including transit centres and more than_\n_1,500 refugees were supported to access ART services;_\n\n_\u2022_ _In Rwanda more than 1.3 million condoms were_\n_distributed through condom boxes, camp clinics and_\n_community mobilisers combined with education pro-_\n_grammes on HIV prevention; more than 17,000 refu-_\n_gees were supported to access HCT services_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.7400431632995605, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.563720703125, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sex workers", - "confidence": 0.5861220955848694, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Nutrition & Food Security\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n\n\n_Global acute malnutrition (GAM) is one of the main_\n_nutrition indicators tracked for the purposes of deter-_\n_mining needs and for monitoring health status. In_\n_2017, 61 of 98 surveyed sites (62.2%) met the GAM_\n_standards of < 10%, whilst 21/98 (21.4%) were above_\n_the emergency threshold of \u2265 15%. Out of these 21_\n_sites 12 are ongoing emergency situations._\n\n\n_Comparing the 2017 results to previous years, im-_\n_provements in GAM were remarked in 8/88 (9.1%)_\n_sites. Deterioration in GAM was noted in 7/88 (8.0%)_\n_sites, including in Bangladesh following the massive_\n_Rohingya influx, in Chad in the 4 northern-most_\n_camps in the East, and in Ethiopia amongst the Gam-_\n_bella and Assosa camps._\n\n\n_In order to have a more comprehensive understand-_\n_ing of the longer term nutrition status of refugee chil-_\n_dren, and a three-dimensional vision of nutritional_\n_status, UNHCR also considers stunting and anaemia to_\n\n\n**NIGERIA**\n\n_be of critical importance. One in three sites 32/98_\n_(32.7%) registered stunting prevalence amongst chil-_\n_dren 6 \u2013 59 months of age above the critical level of \u2265_\n_40%. The proportion of sites meeting stunting stan-_\n_dards has remained stable between the end of 2016_\n_and the end of 2017. The majority of sites, for which_\n_we have previous data for comparative purposes,_\n_show however that the prevalence of stunting is per-_\n_sistently high with no significant change (66/88 sites_\n_75.0%). Improvement in stunting was noted in 17/88_\n_sites (19.3%) in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad, Dji-_\n_bouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia._\n\n\n_Anaemia in children 6 \u2013 59 months old is used as a_\n_measure of iron deficiency and general micronutrient_\n_status. Only 3/97 (3.1%) met the standard of <20%,_\n_whilst 45/97 (46.4%) were under the critical level of <_\n_40%. This means that over half of the sites 52/97 sites_\n_(53.6%) exhibited anaemia levels over the critical \u2265_\n_40% threshold. The majority of sites, for which we_\n_have previous data for comparative purposes, show_\n_that the prevalence of anaemia is stable but per-_\n_sistently high (55/86 sites 64.0%). However it is con-_\n_cerning that in 16/86 sites (18.6%) anaemia is signifi-_\n_cantly higher than in previous surveys._\n\n\n_Improving the prevention of under-nutrition and mi-_\n_cronutrient deficiencies in addition to managing the_\n_existing cases of malnutrition as best as possible, is a_\n_priority for UNHCR. The new nutrition and food securi-_\n_ty road map, developed in late 2017 and currently un-_\n_dergoing external review aims at providing guidance_\n\n\n\n_as to effect positive change for improvement in nutri-_\n_tion status in refugee populations. Promoting and_\n_supporting adequate Infant and young child feeding_\n_(IYCF), remains a major effort in improving nutrition as_\n_does working in synergy with other sectors. In line_\n_with this, the Infant and Young Child Friendly Frame-_\n_work, which aims to bring multiple sectors together_\n_around the theme of improving young child and_\n_infant survival and improving growth and develop-_\n_ment, was rolled out further in East Africa and during_\n_the emergency in Bangladesh in 2017._\n\n\n_A key challenge to maintaining refugee nutritional_\n_status is the increased food insecurity faced by many_\n_refugee populations. Due to growing numbers in_\n_need and limited resources, WFP has not been able to_\n_provide the standard amount of food assistance to_\n_several countries including Chad, Cameroon, Djibouti,_\n_DRC, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tan-_\n_zania and Zambia. Additionally, UNHCR budget con-_\n_straints have resulted in limited delivery of other basic_\n_assistance. With limited opportunities to work and_\n_lack of land in many contexts, refugees are forced to_\n_resort to negative coping strategies and risky be-_\n_haviours to meet their basic needs. In addition to the_\n_concerning protection situation, potential deteriora-_\n_tion of the nutrition situation is of particularly concern_\n_in Chad, Djibouti, and Ethiopia given the already high_\n_levels of GAM._\n\n\n_In conclusion, UNHCR remains extremely concerned_\n_about the continued high levels of anaemia and per-_\n_sistently high levels of stunting and GAM in many ref-_\n_ugee operations alongside the continued cuts to food_\n_and other basic assistance. UNHCR is working on sev-_\n_eral fronts to address this including:_\n\n\n_1. The distribution of specialized nutritious products_\n_in key operations coupled with relevant multisectoral_\n_programming (e.g. WASH, malaria prevention and_\n_treatment, deworming, improved IYCF and maternal_\n_and child heath),_\n_2. Promotion of the IYCF framework,_\n_3. Monitoring of and advocacy for well-balanced food_\n_rations (adequate quantity and quality) where provid-_\n_ed in-kind (including the provision of fortified blend-_\n_ed foods),_\n_4. Improving the methods of data collection and_\n_reporting to inform improved decision making and_\n_advocacy, the SENS will be revised in 2018._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "stunting prevalence", - "confidence": 0.6685186624526978, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8300654292106628, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NIGERIA", - "confidence": 0.5433886051177979, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.872559666633606, - "start": 281, - "end": 282 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "previous data", - "confidence": 0.7688409686088562, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5038780570030212, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.5408492684364319, - "start": 586, - "end": 588 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Water, Sanitation & Hygiene\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n\n\n_In line with the 2014 \u2013 2018 Global Public Health Strat-_\n_egy and working towards SDGs, UNHCR is ensuring_\n_that refugees have access to safe water of sufficient_\n_quality and quantity and to access hygienic sanitation_\n_services, both at home and at institutions including_\n_schools and health facilities._\n\n\n_Access to quality WASH services will reduce morbidi-_\n_ty and mortality and enhance protection, dignity and_\n_quality of life. Participatory approaches with refugee_\n_communities are used to make sure their needs are_\n_met by our interventions. In addition UNHCR is com-_\n_mitted to durable WASH solutions which are efficient_\n_in reducing long term operational costs and environ-_\n_mental impacts, without compromising quality._\n\n\n_The average litres per person per day globally was at_\n_21 litres. Where possible, high yield boreholes cou-_\n_pled with solar energy have been used to provide_\n_water to refugees through chlorinated gravity fed_\n_distribution systems. An average latrine ratio of 22_\n_persons per latrine was achieved globally, which is_\n_just below standard and represents an improvement_\n_from 2016._\n\n\n\n_In order to keep on improving WASH services delivery_\n_to refugees, UNHCR focuses on the development of_\n_key guidance documents to be used globally. In 2017,_\n_it published a pocket-sized WASH Manual that is_\n_being used in all operations by colleagues and part-_\n_ners. Hygiene Promotion Guidelines as well as recom-_\n_mendations on the use of cash based interventions_\n_for WASH programmes in refugee settings have been_\n_disseminated._\n\n\n_With the objective of reducing global WASH related_\n_costs, the development of guidelines on the use of_\n_solar power for groundwater extraction as well as_\n_direct technical support to a number of countries (in-_\n_cluding Sudan, Chad and Mauritania) have been prior-_\n_itized, with a view to capitalizing on these experiences_\n_and lessons learnt to scale up these initiatives to other_\n_operations. A waste-to-value project has been con-_\n_ducted in Ethiopia and Kenya, piloting low-cost sani-_\n_tation technologies in difficult ground environments,_\n_with an aim to develop Standard Operating Proce-_\n_dures that provide solutions for the reuse of the_\n_waste._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Public Health\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n**DISEASE PR OFILE** **U N D E R - F I V E M O R TA L I T Y**\n\n_Proportion of all consultations_ _Deaths/1,000/month (lowest-highest rates)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Reproductive Health & HIV\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n**R E P R O D U C T I V E H E A LT H & H I V P R O F I L E** **S K I L L E D B I R T H AT T E N DA N C E**\n\n_Proportion of countries_ _Proportion of all births (lowest-highest proportions)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Nutrition & Food Security\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n**N U T R I T I O N** **N U T R I T I O N S U R V E YS**\n\n\n\n_Proportion of surveyed sites_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Number of sites with nutrition survey conducted_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition survey", - "confidence": 0.9079634547233582, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5667067766189575, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GLOBAL", - "confidence": 0.8223317861557007, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5659028887748718, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6366602778434753, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Water, Sanitation & Hygiene\n###### ANNUAL GLOBAL OVERVIEW **2017**\n\n**WA S H P R O F I L E** **WAT E R & S A N I TAT I O N T R E N D S**\n_Proportion of sites meeting the standard_ _Global average_\n\n\n\n\n\n_Litres/person/day_ _Person/latrine_\n\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\n\n_Litres/person/day_ _Person/latrine_\n\n\nAFRICA (85,83) MENA (14,12) ASIA (13)\n\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nPublic Health Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management\nRue de Montbrillant 94\nCH-1201 Geneve\nSwitzerland\n\n\nT: +41 22 739 8433\nF: +41 22 739 7344\n\n\nE-mail: hqphn@unhcr.org\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n_The boundaries shown on the maps do not imply official_\n_endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._\n\n\nUNHCR \u00a9 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/400a05e8-8404-3bd1-92de-89faf33758dd/Global2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_428/raw/doc_428_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_428/raw/doc_428_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5a035ae6890bb02704767cc4fa3d908d28859d7d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_428/raw/doc_428_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## ACCELERATING LOCALISED RESPONSE TO COVID-19: PRACTICAL PATHWAYS\n\nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY\nThe COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare and immediate opportunity for a norm shift towards localisation in the\nhumanitarian architecture. Whilst international humanitarian actors are facing constraints in funding and restrictions\non movement and travel, national and local level humanitarian actors are on the ground to respond. A timely\ninvestment in local capacities and capabilities creates a strong platform for effective, efficient and sustained response\nand recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the days, months and years ahead.\n\nThe 2016 Grand Bargains makes a commitment to channel at least 25% of humanitarian funding directly to local and\nnational actors; however, [just 0.1% of the Global Humanitarian Response Plan funds for COVID-19 are going to](https://charter4change.org/2020/05/07/charter-for-change-statement-on-the-revised-un-ghrp-on-covid19/)\nnational and local level actors. Localisation literature notes a number of interrelated barriers, including (i) a lack of\naccessible, available funds for local level actors; (ii) a lack of fund-absorption capacities amongst local level actors; (iii)\nlow donor appetite for risk, resulting in highly bureaucratic management and monitoring; (iv) low leadership and\nrepresentation of local actors in the humanitarian architecture \u2013 in particular decision making mechanisms; and (v)\nentrenched conflicts of interest that affect the allocation and use of funds.\n\n[Street Child, an international organisation with operations in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, is working with the](https://www.street-child.co.uk/)\nGlobal Protection Cluster [Child Protection Area of Responsibility] and the Global Education Cluster to pilot and test\npractical pathways to accelerate localisation, and to advocate for the adoption of proven approaches. We propose a\nnumber of practical options for international actors and agencies from our own efforts to accelerate local action,\n[including our frontline relief and response experience in the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Epidemic.](https://www.street-child.co.uk/blog/2020/4/11/89v97pnetc100qo72o3zu4rajievju)\n\nPROPOSED PATHWAYS\nFor all actors 1. Committing to active investment in localisation, including and especially in COVID-19 response\n2. Engaging local actors in assessing localisation needs\n3. Adapting and contextualising due diligence for local actors\n4. Increasing support for localisation to national and sub-national clusters\n\n\nFor international actors 5. Investing in institutional strengthening of local actors\n\n5.1. Increasing immediate surge support to local actors\n5.2. Sustaining capacity strengthening support to local actors\n\n\nFor funders 6. Increasing the number and volume of direct fund allocations to local actors in COVID-19 response\n\n6.1. Creating and supporting structured COVID-19 rapid response funds to enter new local actors\n6.2. Creating ringfenced COVID-19 response funds for local actors\n6.3. Considering a range of funding options whereby local actors receive direct funding, with international actors\n\nproviding technical, management and/or monitoring support\n7. Increasing or sustaining unrestricted funding to local actors through COVID-19 crisis\n\nEach proposed action is illustrated with case studies and suggested standards, strategies or steps as appropriate.\nTools developed by Street Child are referenced to support replication, scaling and/or mainstreaming approaches\noutlined in these case studies and will be shared on request. For further information on any of the case studies,\nexamples or referenced tools, please contact Street Child Programme Directors Megan Lees-McCowan\n[megan@street-child.co.uk or Ramya Madhavan ramya@street-child.co.uk.](mailto:megan@street-child.co.uk)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This advocacy paper was prepared by Street Child and the CPAoR as part of the_\n_\u2018Accelerating Localisation\u2019 programme._\n\n# CONTEXT\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic is changing the way the world works, and the humanitarian sector is no exception. Funding\nreductions, movement and travel restrictions are creating severe constraints on the abilities of international actors to\nrespond to the health and humanitarian impact of the pandemic. Despite significant challenges, these constraints are\ncreating incredible and important opportunities for a norm shift towards localisation across the humanitarian\narchitecture. National and local level actors [1] are on the ground, connected to deep, diverse networks of community\ncontacts with access to hard-to-reach, remote and rural areas and affected populations. An in-time investment in\nlocalised response is an excellent platform for increasing capacities and capabilities to sustain effective, efficient\nresponse and recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the days, months and years ahead.\n\nHowever, our sector faces a series of major challenges in localising response to the current COVID-19 crisis: local\nactors are in the right place to respond, but lack the required resources for a range of structural reasons. The linkages\nbetween local, national and international humanitarian actors remain fragile and fragmented: local actors have\nlimited access to coaching, mentoring and training opportunities that will see step changes in their response\ncapacities; limited access to the restricted and unrestricted funds required to strengthen and sustain their\norganisations; and limited leadership and representation in coordination structures. There are entrenched conflicts of\ninterest to combat: from international organisations competing for scarce local level funds, to governments\nthreatened by non-governmental organisations, to donors that are risk-averse and geared to default to established\npartners.\n\nStreet Child is committed to localisation as the most effective, efficient and sustainable mode of operation and means\nof impact. Whilst we see the COVID-19 crisis as a critical opportunity to further this agenda, we are also advocating\nfor a sustainable shift towards localisation as the prime approach to humanitarian action in all circumstances, and not\nonly in the current crisis. Our position on and commitment to localisation is grounded in \u2013\n\n - Sustained work with national and local level organisations where to date, we have worked with over 80\norganisations across 15 countries to address the needs of marginalised children and communities;\n\n - Specific work with local level actors in the 2014-2016 Ebola Epidemic with direct relevance to the current\ncrisis; and\n\n - Ongoing collaboration with the Global Education Cluster and Global Protection Cluster [Child Protection AoR]\nto pilot and test practical pathways to accelerate localisation, and to advocate for the adoption of proven\napproaches.\n\nAcross our network of >80 national partners in 14 fragile, conflict and crisis affected countries, we have been\ncollecting a number of proof points where our principles and approach to localisation have led to stronger, more\nsustainable local level actors and organisations. Initiatives with the Global Education Cluster and Global Protection\nCluster [Child Protection AoR] explore practical approaches to strengthening localisation in protracted crisis contexts\nacross Afghanistan, Bangladesh [refugee response], Cameroon [Anglophone crisis], the Democratic Republic of Congo\n\n[South Kivu]; Mozambique [cyclone and insurgencies]; and Nigeria [Boko Haram crisis].\n\nThe central proposition of this paper is the potential for these successful strategies to be replicated, scaled and/or\nmainstreamed \u2013 towards a collective intensification of localisation in humanitarian action. Each of the proposed\nstrategies sets out case studies and suggested standards, strategies or steps as appropriate in the annex. These\nworked examples ensure these propositions are as applicable and practical as possible \u2013 to enable their rapid\ntranslation into practice where the enabling environment exists, and to encourage an intensification of tactical\ninfluencing where it is required.\n\n\n1\nLocal and national non state actors are \u2018Organisations engaged in relief that are headquartered and operating in their own aid recipient\ncountry and which are non affiliated to an international NGO\u2019. National and sub-national state actors are \u2018State authorities of the affected aid\nrecipient country engaged in relief, whether at local or national level\u2019. (IASC definition, 2018)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 1. COMMITTING TO ACTIVE INVESTMENT IN LOCALISATION\n\nAs organisations develop their strategies and response plans in the current COVID-19 crisis, localisation is a central\nconsideration not just as a modality of delivery, but as a goal that will take major effort to achieve. We recommend\nactors set out an active intention to invest in local level organisations, and set roadmaps, indicators of progress, and\ntargets. Top level goals should be oriented towards demonstrable changes from the status quo, for example in\nallocation of resources; organisational capacity shifts; in local leadership. Localisation should be intentional, planned\nand mainstreamed if it is to have the most impact. This may be achieved by setting a cross-cutting priority, or as a\nspecific organisational priority -as Street Child has done.\n\n# 2. ENGAGING LOCAL ACTORS IN ASSESSING LOCALISATION NEEDS\n\n\nLocalisation requires that local level actors are actively involved in planning and implementing any approach to\nlocalisation. International organisations investing in localisation should aim for participation over prescription \u2013\nengaging local level actors in understanding what is and isn\u2019t working well, what localisation looks like in the context,\nand what steps to take towards increasing localised action. Consulting with local level actors can support\ninternational organisations to ensure activities are targeted and tailored, and ensure optimal coordination in areas\nwhere there are multiple localisation initiatives in action.\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\nIn Nigeria, Street Child conducted a consultation with local level organisations prior to planning localisation\ninitiatives \u2013 this included a self-assessment survey with prospective partners. The survey showed that only 10 of 18\nparticipating organisations had prepared a proposal in the preceding 24 months, with 5 respondents stating that\nthey had not had a single successful proposal. 83% of participating organisations felt that a lack of feedback from\ndonors was the dominant barrier to submitting successful proposals. The consultation informed the\nimplementation of a proposal writing workshop for local level organisations; as a subsequent step, Street Child set\nup a proposal helpdesk for partner organisations to access first-stage support and feedback for any applications as\nneeded. Two of these partners then went on to successfully win funding from Street Child\u2019s own Rapid Response\nFund.\n\nAvailable tools to support adoption: Street Child\u2019s Localisation Needs Assessment\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-assessment survey", - "confidence": 0.9581448435783386, - "start": 275, - "end": 277 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8291632533073425, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Street Child", - "confidence": 0.8525145053863525, - "start": 257, - "end": 259 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.9970916509628296, - "start": 255, - "end": 256 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participating organisations", - "confidence": 0.7941668629646301, - "start": 289, - "end": 291 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 3. ADAPTING AND CONTEXTUALISING DUE DILIGENCE FOR LOCAL ACTORS\n\nIt is important that due diligence is adapted and differentiated to be as inclusive as possible for partners.\nThis is not to understate the importance of risk assessment and management; rather it is to (i) Ensure that gaps in\ndocumentation aren't confused for or conflated with capacity to implement programmes in complex contexts; (ii)\nprovide the most accurate representation of risk in a contracted timeframe; and (iii) establish a partnership where\nthe partner cooperates with the fund manager to improve risk awareness and response. Donors and international\norganisations should \u2013\n\n- Ensure due diligence processes are proportionate in length and complexity for local partners \u2013 and recognise\ncontext or cultural specificities and contextual constraints\n\n- Adapt due diligence formats/ requirements to be as accessible as possible. Guidance documents and questions\nare often difficult to understand \u2013 especially where it requires translation into another language\n\n- Understand due diligence as a capacity assessment process. Where a partner is assessed as high risk \u2013 additional\nreporting requirements add to burden, and more hands on support should also be provided\n\n- To activate rapid response, due diligence shuld be rigorous enough to meet a minimum standard, but not drag\nprogramme implementation and the partner\u2019s ability to rapidly respond to needs.\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\nIn our engagement with local level partners in Afghanistan, it has been reported that in accessing funding\npartners have encountered due diligence processes from international donors that: are cumbersome \u2013 including\nlengthy assessments that use complex language that is unaccommodating to partners for whom English isn\u2019t a\nfirst language; often lack recognition of how partner\u2019s policies and procedures are the product of the context in\nwhich they operate \u2013 for example human resource procedures that respond to the volatility of the funding\nlandscape; and place too much emphasis on documented policies rather than evaluating practices and\nprocedures. Street Child have in turn supported our partners to navigate such due diligence processes through\ntranslation, explaining of concepts and advising on response to donor questioning, as well as strengthening\npartner\u2019s organisational capacities by providing support of transforming their practices and procedures into\ndocumented policies that meet donor expectations. In instances where Street Child are funding our partners\ndirectly, we have demonstrated how we can conduct assessments of our partner\u2019s capacities, through a due\ndiligence process that is collaborative \u2013 through joint self-evaluation, and proportionate \u2013 sufficiently rigorous to\nmanage risk without being unnecessarily burdensome on our partner.\n\nAvailable reference tool to inform adoption: minimum due diligence requirements for Street Child\u2019s COVID-19\nRRF partners\n\n# 4. INCREASING SUPPORT FOR LOCALISATION TO NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL CLUSTERS\n\n\nClusters at the national and sub-national level are very well placed to support local actors. As a humanitarian\ncoordination mechanism, they can be one of the most accessible groups for local actors, and one of the most likely to\ninclude national actors in their membership. However many are typically over-stretched and under pressure to meet\nmajor needs with insufficent resources. To maximise the opportunity they have to accelerate localisation, cluster\nmechanisms must be supported and resourced. Their potential to support national actors to access resources, be\nheard and be mentored and coached to lead coordination remains often untapped. Their access to both government\nand civil society puts them in an excellent position to map national partners and capacity gaps, and to identify and\nonboard new partners.\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\nStreet Child has been running an Accelerating Localisation programme in collaboration with the CPAoR since\nAugust 2019. The goal has been to support 4 Child Protection Sub-Sectors (CPSS) to accelerate localisation,\nprincipally by creating paths to co-coordination leadership for national NNGOs. In NE Nigeria, after a thorough\nand transparent process led by the CPSS lead and Street Child\u2019s Partnerships Manager, a national NGO was\nappointed to the co-coordinator position together with the UNICEF co-lead, starting witha shadowing period. This\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 5. INVESTING IN INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL ACTORS\n\nIncreased funding allocation towards local level organisations should be accompanied by surge and capacity\nstrengthening support to absorb funds and execute excellent programmes. It is often the case that emergencies can\nincrease the cognitive load on these organisations \u2013 demanding that they step up to stringent due diligence\nrequirements, donor relationship management, monitoring and reporting \u2013 whilst at the same time increasing the\nscope and scale of their programmes. Targeted, tailored surge support from identified international and national\norganisations can assist local level organisations to cope with an influx of funds, whilst simultaneous capacity\nstrengthening support can ensure that the organisational is able to pursue institutional improvements that can be\nindependently sustained past the rapid response/response/recovery/resilience phases as appropriate. Funding\nallocation guidelines should be structured as far as possible to promote indirect funding from international\norganisations to national organisations and create opportunities to match international and national organisations.\nProposals that include significant localisation content should be preferred \u2013 both in terms of planning and\nimplementation (through local partners) and content (capacity strengthening).\n\n### 5.1 STRATEGY FOR INCREASING IMMEDIATE SURGE SUPPORT TO LOCAL ACTORS\n\n\nStreet Child offers surge support primarily through embedding / seconding experienced personnel in partner\norganisations for an agreed period of time \u2013 these personnel are engaged in the everyday activities of the\norganisations, and by undertaking essential activities that assist partners to move past pressure-points. Surge support\nis critical in a crisis, where there is an increased burden on local level organisations to mount frontline response, with\nreduced frontline presence from international actors. Street Child has addressed this need through the provision of\nrapid response frameworks for partners: rather than asking partners to develop proposed programmes from scratch,\nallowing them to use the framework as a foundation for their programmes has allowed them to get off the mark\nimmediately. We then provide intensive support to ensure programmes are adaptive and responsive to needs,\nengaging in an active cycle of action-reflection-response with partner personnel. An initial period of surge support is\nalmost always accompanied by sustained capacity strengthening support.\n\n### 5.2 STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINING CAPACITY STRENGTHENING SUPPORT TO LOCAL ACTORS\n\n\nStreet Child operates a comprehensive capacity strengthening strategy where we work hand-in-hand with local level\norganisations to identify and address areas of improvement across six institutional areas: (i) strengthening capacities\nto design, develop and deliver programmes for greatest impact; (ii) strengthening capacities to meet donor\nrequirements and manage donor relatiosnhips; (iii) increasing access to resources including international and national\nfunds; (iv) strengthening influence and representation in national and international platforms; and (v) promoting\nlocal-level cooperation and capacity strengthening. Capacity strengthening support is applied across five stages of (i)\nexploration; (ii) planning; (iii) implementation; (iv) progress appraisal; and (v) impact assessment, with each stage\ntaking as little time or as long as required \u2013 and agreed with the partner. Each stage uses a standard suite of tools\nthat are adapted to the specific context, including a self-assessment, capacity assessment matrix and capacity\nstrengthening schedule.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CASE STUDY**\nIn the Rohinyga Refugee Response, for example, a sudden surge in funding for local level organisations not only\noverstretched their capacities \u2013 an exodus of experienced staff from these local level organisations to\ninternational agencies offering increased salaries led to a signfiicant increase in risk for both these organisations\nand donors. Street Child responded to a call from the Global Education Cluster to support partners with\nprogramme implementation, and has to date, supported six local level organisations \u2013 outside of any funding\narrangements with these organisations - through a series of institutional strengthening activities designed to\nincresase their ability to absorb and optimise the use of funds.\n\nFurthermore, Street Child\u2019s support of local partners in Bangladesh has in some instances had a multiplying\neffect in benefitting local level organisations. In our collaborations with the child protection sub-sector in Cox\u2019s\nBazar we have sought to strengthen local level participation in humanitarian coordination by funding local\npartners to provide two dedicated Child Protection Focal Points in the Host Community areas, where there had\nbeen none in place before. This focal point initiative benefits our partners by enhancing their coordination\ncompetencies through experience, but also benefits other local organisations by building the foundations for\nenhanced local leadership in coordination in the Rohingya response which can be leveraged by other local level\nactors.\n\nAvailable tools to support adoption:\ni) Street Child Capacity Assessment Matrix; ii) Street Child Capacity Strengthening Schedule; iii) Street Child\nCapacity Assessment Tracker\n\n# 6. INCREASING THE NUMBER AND VOLUME OF FUND ALLOCATIONS TO LOCAL ACTORS FOR COVID-19 RESPONSE\n\n\nThere are several commonly identified challenges to granting directly to local partners. These include the low\ncapacity of local partners to absorb funds, a lack of local partners &/ overstretch of limited range of local partners;\nlow donor risk appetite for implementing partners, the limited management / oversight capacity of donor; ineligibility\nof local partners for e.g. pool fund allocations. High entry points for funding (eligibility & fund size) and low access to\nfunding calls limit local agencies\u2019 ability to access rapid response funding including Pool fund allocations\n\n### 6.1. STRATEGY FOR CREATING AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURED COVID-19 RAPID RESPONSE FUNDS TO ENTER NEW LOCAL ACTORS\n\n\nIn order to surface and activate local partner response capacity, Street Child has funded five COVID-19 Rapid\nResponse Funds for local actors. These can be managed through an implementing partner (ideally local or\ninternational) and working with and through relevant coordination mechanisms. A low first phase entry point\n(\u2018Mobilisation\u2019) can increase local participation and helps geographical and target group mapping. Subsequent\n\u2018Intensification\u2019 and \u2018Scale Up\u2019 phases begin to test, pilot and scale what is most effective. The function of RRFs are\nnot only to pilot new/innovative/low cost approaches, but also to activate and increase the number and capacity of\nlocal partners and serve as a platform to quickly build capacity to respond to COVID-19.\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\nIn Cameroon, Street Child has seed funded the first two phases of a Rapid Response Fund led by LUKMEF \u2013 a\nmedium size and capacity local NGO with \u00a330,000 through its COVID-19 appeal fund. In the mobilisation phase,\nfive education / CP partners were identified through the Clusters for training and activation for COVID-19\nprevention activities reaching 65,000 people through a \u00a310,000 fund. The second intensification phase includes\nrapid needs assessment and prioritisation of most effective activities with strong Street Child mentorship and\nsupport. This is laying the groundwork for a third Scale Up phase in which partners can apply to the RRF for\nseed funding for much larger proposals, as well as mentoring/coaching support to mobilise further resources\nfrom other partners and funds.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 6.2 CREATING RINGFENCED COVID-19 RESPONSE FUNDS FOR LOCAL ACTORS\n\nWhen making allocations for COVID-19 response, consider ringfencing a proportion of funding for local actors. This\nfaciliates the staged entry of new applicants, so that partners become familiar with fund procedures and practically\nbuild capacity to deliver and apply for future larger funds. Localise call for proposals \u2013 think about language,\ntranslation, comprehension barriers, and organise accessible webinars targeted for local partners. If appointing a\ngrant manager; ensure they have a strong track record in localisation in humanitarian context, and can provide\nhands-on support to local partners to develop capacity to enter for larger allocations in future.\n\n### 6.3 CONSIDERING A RANGE OF FUNDING OPTIONS WHEREBY LOCAL ACTORS RECEIVE DIRECT FUNDING, WITH INTERNATIONAL ACTORS IN SUPPORT\n\n\nWhere the size, speed or technical requirements of a funding allocation appear to prefer international actors,\nalternative funding options may be considered. First, consider whether there are any high capacity national actors\nthat might be encouraged to apply / given specific support to apply. This can include the potential for light-touch\ntechnical support from INGO partners, including for capacity strengthening. Local actors are sometimes referred to as\n\u2018over-stretched\u2019 once they are successful in winning funds, and this can limit investment precisely at a time when\nmanaged organisational growth could be highly beneficial. Secondly a \u2018reverse-prime\u2019 arrangement, where the local\npartner directly receives funding but has technical, grant management and/or oversight support from an INGO\npartner may also be considered as in the example below.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 7. SUSTAINING OR INCREASING UNRESTRICTED FUNDING TO LOCAL ACTORS, ESPECIALLY THROUGH COVID-19 CRISIS\n\nFunders of local partners should sustain, and consider increasing, unrestricted funding to local actors during the\nCOVID-19 crisis. In humanitarian contexts, local actors are expected to rapidly scale up, and rapidly shrink when\ncontracts and/or funding flows dry up. Yet local actors often do not benefit from the safeguard of access to\nunrestricted and unearmarked institutional funding that international organisations do -for example, eligibility for 7%\nindirect management cost allocations. These help build and develop such capacities ahead of time, to sustain the core\nstability of their organizations between contracts, and reduce negative coping strategies such as borrowing, doublereporting or regular voluntary salary cuts for core staff. Especially during COVID-19, there has been a well-publicised\ncall for support for third sector actors to access emergency funding and/or have their current funding de-restricted.\nThis is especially important for local actors who may be dependent on new contracts and have little to no\nindependent sources of unrestricted funding.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# PROPOSED PATHWAYS TO SCALE\n\n\n - **Mainstream**\nIn the majority of the examples shared, Street Child has mainstreamed localisation into its work, making local\npartnership central to our goals, strategy, partnership approach, programme cycle and funding decisions. Many of the\ncase studies and examples illustrate the opportunity that is there to mainstream localisation in both every day\npractice and especially in rapid onset responses. We have sought to provide practical options and tools \u2013 listed below\n\n- to support the process of mainstreaming localisation into COVID-19 responses.\n\n\n - **Replicate**\nStreet Child has also sought to innovate, to explore and test new strategies, with a view to replication and scaling.\nNotably the COVID-19 rapid response fund mechanism, capacity support for local partner leadership in cluster / CPSS\nmechanisms, piloting unrestricted funding to EIE partners and the model of secondment to local organisations are all\ndistinctive models which show promising potential. These are likely to require more or different resourcing to further\ntest and replicate in other contexts.\n\n\n - **Advocate**\nThere are well documented barriers to localisation in particular in rapid huamanitarian response. Advocacy and\ncollaboration within and without the aid and development sector to combat these barries are critical. Clarity of\npurpose and consistent action help to drive change, but capitalising on windows of opportunity, seeking powerful\nchampions and collaboration with like-minded actors are also essential to transformation. COVID-19 is such a window\nof opportunity. The set of tools and resources shared here, with many others available within the wider sector, are\nintended to offer some options for taking immediate and practical next steps.\n\n\n - **Generate evidence**\nTo successfully advocate for transformational change with all audiences, there is further need to generate more\nevidence of what works, why and how, to work towards localised response being accepted as a norm. Street Child has\nproposed some practical tools -and indicators- that we are using to measure progress in the COVID-19 response;\nhowever more collective work is required to demonstrate authoritatively that localised approaches are more\neffective, efficient and sustainable.\n\n# LIST OF AVAILABLE TOOLS AND RESOURCES\n\nIn support of mainstreaming, replication and scaling of localisation, we have complied a list of tools and resources\navailable on request. For more information on any of the below, please contact Street Child Programme Directors\n[Megan Lees-McCowan megan@street-child.co.uk; and Ramya Madhavan ramya@street-child.co.uk](mailto:megan@street-child.co.uk)\n\nTools:\n\n - [Street Child\u2019s Accelerating Localisation Logic Model](https://www.street-child.co.uk/s/20200405-GBL-COVID-19_Localisation_Model-ENG.pdf)\n\n - Street Child\u2019s Minimum Due Diligence Requirements for Local Partners in COVID-19\n\n - Street Child Capacity Assessment Matrix\n\n - Street Child Capacity Strengthening Schedule\n\n - Street Child Capacity Assessment Tracker\n\n - Street Child Rapid Response Fund call for proposals & webinar materials\n\n - Street Child Proposal Development Training\n\nResources:\n\n - [Street Child COVID-19 Rapid Response Plan](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/531748e4e4b035ad0334788c/t/5ee3a15c6fd9ba4873d5b389/1591976288130/Street+Child+-+Prevent.%C2%A0Prepare.%C2%A0Protect.%C2%A0Supporting+the+world%E2%80%99s+most+vulnerable%C2%A0families+during+the+COVID-19+Crisis..pdf)\n\n - [Street Child/CPAoR Accelerating Localisation in Child Protection Coordination: Situational Analysis Report](https://www.street-child.co.uk/s/Accelerating-Progress-Towards-Localisation-Combined-Situational-Analysis-Dec-19.pdf)\n\n - [UNICEF/Street Child: Accelerating Localisation in Co-Coordination: Lessons Learned (Nigeria case study)](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/531748e4e4b035ad0334788c/t/5ee88aa90ab7127cfb3e904b/1592298155431/Nigeria+CP+AoR+Project+Process+Report.pdf)\n\n - [Street Child Innovation for Localisation Literature Review [on unrestricted funding for local actors]](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/531748e4e4b035ad0334788c/t/5ee88a326c3b040c82a5a5c4/1592298059893/Innovation+for+Localisation+-+Landscape+Analysis.pdf)\n\n - [Save the Children / Street Child Uganda Localisation Advocacy Paper](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/531748e4e4b035ad0334788c/t/5ee88a7cd6eb804bcbef7bda/1592298110783/EiEWG+Localisation+Advocacy+Paper+-+August+2019.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# STREET CHILD AND LOCALISATION\n\nStreet Child is an international humanitarian organisation with its central office in London, UK, and branch offices in\nvarious countries across Europe, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. Street Child seek that all\nchildren are protected and in learning, and specialises in working with children and communities in low-resource\nenvironments and emergencies.\n\nSince 2008, where we commenced working with 100 street-connected children in Sierra Leone, we have continued to\nincrease the scope and scale of our work in fragile, conflict and crisis-affected countries. At present, we have\noperations across 14 countries across South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burundi,\nCameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sri\nLanka and Uganda, as well as a strong partnership in Somalia and South Sudan. As an emergencies specialist, our first\nrapid response was to an infectious disease epidemic in Liberia and Sierra Leone, through our 2014-2016 Ebola\nEmergency Response. Further interventions include climate-change induced crises in Nepal and Mozambique,\nprotracted political crises in Afghanistan, Cameroon and North-East Nigeria, and refugee responses in Bangladesh and\nUganda, as principal partners of the Department for International Development [DFID], European Union [EU], US\nState Department, and United Nations [UN], amongst others. The scale and scope of our operations is underpinned\nby a deep, diverse network of >80 national partners across 14 countries.\n\n\n\n**SIERRA LEONE** **LIBERIA** **AFGHANISTAN** **NEPAL** **BANGLADESH**\n\n\n\n**NEPAL**\n\n\n\n**BANGLADESH**\n\n\n\n\n\n**AFGHANISTAN**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStreet Child is a recognized leader in localisation, working with the Global Education Cluster and the Global Protection\nCluster [Child Protection AoR] on a series of innovative initiatives to localise humanitarian action and coordination\narchitecture. Through these initiatives, Street Child is advising humanitarian clusters and coordination architectures\non the adoption of localisation strategies that see a direct increase in funding to national actors, and increased\nnational leadership, representation and voice in humanitarian response, in line with Grand Bargain goals.\n\nStreet Child launched a COVID-19 international appeal on 28 March and to date, has reached over 3.9 million people\nin under-reached, under-resourced areas of the countries where we work. Street Child has activated its national\nnetwork to design and deliver rapid responses to the COVID-19 pandemic across all 14 countries.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3946542e-1b42-3325-a24e-046eac625dc6/Global%20Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Accelarating%20localised%20response%20to%20COVID-19%20-%20Practical%20pathways%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_429/raw/doc_429_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_429/raw/doc_429_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b804c337bae9bdd5eca472b74e928e1484cb2c7f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_429/raw/doc_429_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,860 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **Public Health, Reproductive Health & HIV,** **Nutrition & Food Security,** **Water, Sanitation & Hygiene.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acronyms and Abbreviations\n\n\n**ANC** Antenatal Care\n\n\n**ANM** \u0007Anaemia\n\n\n**BSC** \u0007Balanced Score Card\n\n\n**CPV** \u0007Community Psychosocial Volunteer\n\n\n**GAM** \u0007Global Acute Malnutrition\n\n\n**GAP** \u0007Global Action Plan\n\n\n**GCR** \u0007Global Compact on Refugees\n\n\n**GPHS** \u0007Global Public Health Strategy\n\n\n**HFUR** \u0007Health Facility Utilisation Rate\n\n\n**HIV** \u0007Human Immunodef ciency Virus\n\n\n**HSIRRP** \u0007Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan\n\n\n**ILO** \u0007International Labour Organization\n\n\n**IRHIS** \u0007Integrated Refugee Health Information System\n\n\n**IYCF** \u0007Infant and young child feeding\n\n\n**LATS** \u0007Persons per Latrine\n\n\n**LPPPD** \u0007Litres per Person per Day\n\n\n**MAM** \u0007Moderate Acute Malnutrition\n\n\n**MC** \u0007Measles Coverage\n\n\n**MDA** \u0007Multi donor account\n\n\n**mhGAP** \u0007mental health Gap Action Programme\n\n\n**MHPSS** \u0007Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n\n\n**MoH** \u0007Ministry of Health\n\n\n**NMCP** \u0007National Malaria Control Programme\n\n\n**PEP** \u0007Post-Exposure Prophylaxis\n\n\n**PLHIV** \u0007People Living with HIV\n\n\n**PMTCT** \u0007Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission\n\n\n**SAM** \u0007Severe Acute Malnutrition\n\n\n**SC** \u0007Stabilization Centre\n\n\n**SBA** \u0007Skilled Birth Attendance\n\n\n**SDG** \u0007Sustainable development goal\n\n\n**SGBV** \u0007Sexual and Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**STUNT** \u0007Stunting\n\n\n**TB** \u0007Tuberculosis\n\n\n**U5MR** \u0007Under 5 Mortality Rate\n\n\n**USAID** \u0007United States Agency for International Development\n\n\n**WASH** \u0007Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n\n\n**WASH MIS** \u0007WASH monitoring information system\n\n\n**WFP** \u0007World Food Programme\n\n\n**WHA** \u0007World Health Assembly\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nAcronyms and Abbreviations....................................................................................................................................................2\n\n\n**PUBLIC HEALTH** ....................................................................................................................................................................................4\n\n\nMental Health **.** ................................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\nInclusion **.** ...........................................................................................................................................................................................7\n\n\nGlobal Compact on Refugees....................................................................................................................................................9\n\n\nIntegrated Refugee Health Information System............................................................................................................10\n\n\nBalanced Score Cards-Assessing Quality of Care **.** ........................................................................................................11\n\n\n**REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH** **.** ............................................................................................................................................................12\n\n\n**NUTRITION** ..........................................................................................................................................................................................16\n\n\n**WATER, SANITATION**\n**AND HYGIENE** **.** ...................................................................................................................................................................................20\n\n\nInnovation and WASH **.** .............................................................................................................................................................22\n\n\nGlobal Compact on Refugees.................................................................................................................................................22\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Public Health Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management Rue de Montbrillant 94\nCH-1201 Geneve Switzerland\n\n\nT: +41 22 739 8433\nF: +41 22 739 7344\nE-mail: hqphn@unhcr.org www.unhcr.org\n\n\nThe boundaries shown on the maps do not imply offcial endorsement\nor acceptance by the United Nations.\n\n\nCover photo: Uganda. Dr Businga Julius at Nyumanzi Integrated Health Centre. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jordi Matas\n\n\nUNHCR \u00a9 2019\n\n\nLayout&Design: BakOS DESIGN\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 ANNUAL**\n**GLOBAL OVERVIEW**\n## PUBLIC HEALTH\n\n\n#### 51\n\n\n\n\n\nPOPULATION COUNTRIES USING HIS SITES\n\n\n\nCOUNTRIES WITH SITES NOT COUNTRIES WITH ALL SITES\nMEETING U5MR STANDARD MEETING U5MR STANDARD\n#### 2 16\n\n\n\nChronic\n\n\n\nInjuries\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhealth programs\n\n\n**UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY**\n\n\n0.75\n\n\n0.5\n\n\n0.25\n\n\n2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4,575,052\n\nPOPULATION UNDER SURVEILLANCE\n\n\n\nUNHCR aims to ensure that all refugees are able to\nfulfil their rights to access essential public health\nservices. Its public health programmes are guided by\nthe Global Strategy for Public Health (GSPH) 20142018 whose vision is to ensure that all refugees\nare able to enjoy their rights to access four broad\nsub-sectors of public health services: a) primary and\nsecondary health care, b) HIV prevention, protection,\ncare and treatment, and reproductive health services,\nc) food security and nutrition, and d) water, sanitation\nand hygiene (WASH) services.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners provide significant public\nhealth services in 51 countries reaching about 10.5\nmillion refugees. Where health service provision is\nintegrated into national health systems, data and\ninformation is obtained through the national health\ninformation systems and surveys (health access and\nutilization surveys done by UNHCR for refugees in\nnon camp/urban settings, or national demographic\nand health surveys). UNHCR has an Integrated\nRefugee Health Information System (IRHIS), which is\nused to monitor refugee health status where services\nare provided specifically for refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR used IRHIS to collect and analyze health\ninformation in 18 countries, with a population of\n4,575,052 under surveillance. In 149 out of 170\n(87.6%) refugee settlements under-five mortality\nwas within acceptable standards (< 1.5 under-five\ndeaths per 1,000 under-five population). Globally,\nthe weighted average under-five mortality rate was\nmaintained at 0.3 per 1000 under-five per month, an\nimprovement from 2017 (0.4 per 1000 under-five\npopulation per month). 40% of all deaths reported\nwere children under the age of five years. The\nleading causes of under-five deaths were neonatal\nconditions (24.7%), malaria (15.9%), lower respiratory\ntract infections (14.8%), acute malnutrition (7.2%)\nand watery diarrhea (2.1%). Globally, the weighted\naverage crude mortality rate for the same period was\n0.13 deaths per 1,000 population per month, which\nis within the acceptable standards (< 0.75 deaths per\n1,000 population per month).\n\n\n#### 7,575,193\n\nCONSULTATIONS\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|U5MR|HFUR|MC|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Bangladesh**|0.34|2.1|94%|\n|**Burkina Faso**|0.75|2.3|100%|\n|**Burundi**|0.55|2.95|46%|\n|**Cameroon**|2.65|3.45|100%|\n|**Chad**|0.4|1.02|85,7%|\n|**Congo DR**|0.38|1.32|65%|\n|**Ethiopia**|0.14|1|91.8%|\n|**Iraq**|0.0|0|N/A|\n|**Jordan**|0.32|7.72|N/A|\n|**Kenya**|0.45|2.04|99%|\n|**Nepal**|0|0.58|97%|\n|**Rwanda**|0.23|2.3|99.3%|\n|**South Sudan**|0.17|1.12|88.7%|\n|**Sudan**|0.34|2.72|87.8%|\n|**Tanzania**|0.58|2.32|97.1%|\n|**Thailand**|0.2|2.07|96%|\n|**Uganda**|0.21|1.45|72%|\n|**Yemen**|0.11|0.78|31%|\n\n\n\n**STANDARDS**\n#### U5MR HFUR MC\n\n\n\n< 1.5 deaths/1000 U5\npopulation/month\n\n\n1 - 4 new\nvisits/year\n\n\n- 95%\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national health\ninformation systems", - "confidence": 0.8760091066360474, - "start": 155, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8921040892601013, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "non camp/urban settings", - "confidence": 0.623624324798584, - "start": 173, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8209349513053894, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national demographic\nand health surveys", - "confidence": 0.6087638139724731, - "start": 180, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9078938961029053, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8710613250732422, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated\nRefugee Health Information System", - "confidence": 0.5512926578521729, - "start": 190, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "monitor refugee health status", - "confidence": 0.5588412880897522, - "start": 203, - "end": 207 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IRHIS", - "confidence": 0.862825870513916, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8619183301925659, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7176502346992493, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "STANDARDS", - "confidence": 0.5910427570343018, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite continued influxes of refugees from\nMyanmar, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic\nof Congo into neighbouring countries, mortality rates\nwere maintained below the emergency threshold\nin most settlements. In coordination with partners,\nUNHCR\u2019s public health teams responded to various\noutbreaks in refugee settings including diphtheria and\nsuspected measles in Bangladesh, cholera and viral\nhemorrhagic fever in Kenya and Uganda, and scurvy\nin Kenya.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners reported 7,575,193\nconsultations at the health facilities, 92.3 % of them\nbeing diagnosed with communicable diseases, 3.9%\nwere non-communicable diseases, 1.9% were mental\nhealth conditions and 1.9% injuries cases. The top\nfive causes of morbidity were upper respiratory tract\ninfections (24.7%), malaria (22.1%), lower respiratory\ntract infections (11.4%), skin diseases (6.7%) and\nwatery diarrhea (5.7%). Childhood diseases had\na similar profile, except that acute malnutrition\n(4%) continued to be an additional major cause of\nmorbidity among this age group.\n\n\n6 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\nMental Health\n\n\nIn 2018, integration of mental health into primary\ncare continued to be a priority. The total number\nof consultations in the refugee health facilities\nincreased to 154,210 which constitutes 1.9% of the\ntotal number of consultations. There were major\ndiferences between various settings. For example, the\nshare of epilepsy and seizures among the total mental\nhealth consultations ranges from a high of 62% in\nSouth Sudan to a low of 17% in Yemen. Conversely,\nproblems of a more psychological character (severe\nemotional disorder / other psychological complaints)\nranged from 13% in South Sudan to 57% in Yemen.\nThese differences reflect various factors including\ndifferent epidemiological patterns, help-seeking\nbehaviour and capacity of health care staff to identify\nand manage mental, neurological and substance use\nconditions.\n\n\nIn the last four years, the mhGAP Humanitarian\nIntervention Guide was introduced in ten refugee\noperations through trainings organized and funded\nby the Public Health Section mainly through\nits partner, War Trauma Foundation. This year,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "trainings in the use of the WHO/UNHCR training\ntool for mental health integration (the mhGAP\nHumanitarian Intervention Guide) were organized\nin Sudan, Bangladesh and Ethiopia for a total of 102\nhealth staff of partners for periods of 5 to 8 days.\nAdditonally, during 2018, a total of 211 refugee\nhealth staff in various country operations were\ntrained with additional mhGAP trainings by partners\nsuch as the Dohuk Directorate of Health (Iraq), the\nInternational Medical Corps (Ethiopia, Iraq and\nJordan), International Rescue Committee (Kenya),\nTPO Uganda (Uganda), Relief International/ Health\nRights (Uganda), and Un Ponte Per (Iraq).\n\n\nThe data in the Health Information System reflect\nthe data collected during consultations in health\nfacilities. However, mental health and psychosocial\nsupport (MHPSS) is also provided outside health\nfacilities. For example, in Bangladesh, the UNHCR\nmental health team and partners also recruited and\ntrained Community Psychosocial Volunteers (CPVs)\nthrough health partners to promote communitybased activities and has been providing training to\npsychologists and counsellors to use evidence-based\nbrief psychotherapeutic interventions.\n\n\n**MENTAL HEALTH AND**\n**PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT**\n**IN BANGLADESH**\n\n#### 2,569\n\nREFUGEES RECEIVED INDIVIDUAL\nPSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT SERVICES\n#### 542\n\nCLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH\nCONSULTATIONS PROVIDED\n#### 1,572\n\nREFUGEES AND LOCAL STAF\nPARTICIPATED IN CAPACITY BUILDING\nACTIVITIES ORGANISED BY UNHCR\n#### 34,351\n\nREFUGEES PARTICIPATED\nIN PSYCHOSOCIAL GROUP ACTIVITIES\n\n\n\nInclusion\n\n\nUNHCR has assessed the extent of inclusion of\nrefugees into national health systems in 37 countries.\nSignificant progress has been made with TB, malaria\nand HIV \u2013 93% of the 37 refugee-hosting countries\nsurveyed reported that refugees could access\nantiretroviral medicines, 100% reported that firstand second-line TB drugs were available at no cost\nto refugees, just as for nationals, and 100% refugees\naccess to essential immunizations at the same level as\nnationals.\n\n\nSome countries have made notable efforts to\nexpand the opportunities to include refugees into\nhealth insurance schemes and other pillars of social\nprotection. This is a major step towards enhancing\nresilience of refugees and overall universal and\nequitable access to health care. This will contribute\nto the development of multi-year multi-sectoral\ninclusion and solutions strategies. For example, in\nRwanda, UNHCR is working with the government to\ndeliver on their commitment from the 2016 Leaders\u2019\nSummit to integrate refugees into the national health\ninsurance scheme. The governments of Cameroon\nand Chad are now including refugees into their\nefforts on advancing on their commitments to\nachieving universal health coverage under sustainable\ndevelopment goal (SDG) 3. Other countries, including\nBurkina Faso, Senegal, Kenya and Sudan are well\nunder way in including out-of-camp refugees into\nnational and/or community-based health insurance\nschemes.\n\n\nUNHCR is expanding its partnerships, for example\nwith the International Labour Organization (ILO), to\naccelerate the inclusion of refugees, including those\nnot living in camps, in national health systems and\nhealth financing mechanisms. In line with SDG 3,\nwhich aims to ensure healthy lives for all, UNHCR will\nexplore ways to engage with governments to develop\nmulti-year integration plans that support refugees in\nsustainable ways.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health Information System", - "confidence": 0.9930965304374695, - "start": 128, - "end": 131 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data collected during consultations in health\nfacilities", - "confidence": 0.6760460734367371, - "start": 133, - "end": 140 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5729988813400269, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan. South Sudanese surgeon named as UNHCR\u2019s 2018 Nansen Refugee Award winner. \u00a9 UNHCR/Will Swanson\n\n\nGlobal Compact on Refugees\n\n\n\nThe affirmation of the Global Compact on Refugees\n(GCR) in December 2018 marks a new stage in the\nglobal and collective effort to deliver more inclusive\nand sustainable responses to refugee situations.\nIt sets out the blueprint for ensuring that refugee\nresponses are better able to meet the needs of\nrefugees and their host communities. Often, the\n(large-scale) arrival of refugees stretches already\nlimited local resources. The new approach set out in\nthe GCR offers an opportunity to provide sustainable,\nlasting solutions and will contribute to improving\naccess to relevant health services for refugees and\ntheir host communities. Health features in the GCR,\nwhere several elements are included, for example on\ncontribution of resources and expertise to expand\nand enhance the quality of national health systems to\nfacilitate access by refugees and host communities.\nGender and age provisions have also been taken into\naccount.\n\n\n\nIn May 2017, the World Health Assembly (WHA)\nendorsed resolution WHA70.15 on \u201cPromoting the\nhealth of refugees and migrants\u201d. The Resolution\nurges Member States to strengthen international\ncooperation on the health of refugees and migrants in\nline with the New York Declaration for Refugees and\nMigrants. UNHCR closely and actively engaged in the\nprocess. The resolution, proposed the development\nof a draft Global Action Plan (GAP) to promote the\nhealth of refugees and migrants to be considered for\nadoption by the Seventy-second WHA in 2019.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Integrated Refugee Health\nInformation System\n\n\nUNHCR field tested and rolled out its updated\nIntegrated Refugee Health Information System\n(IRHIS) to 9 countries, and global reporting through\nthe new system will start in 2019. The new system,\nwhich replaces the previous system TWINE,\nincludes improved tools for mortality surveillance,\nboth at community and health facility levels and\nallows UNHCR to monitor the health status of\npopulations, disease patterns, detect outbreaks and\nstrengthen timely evidence-based decision-making.\nIt integrates a range of information management\ntools including WASH and nutrition that can be used\nacross a range of operational settings. Utilizing the\nlatest advancement in technology, the new system\nuses tablets to collect data at the point of care and\nperiodically synchronizing it to a central database\nthat allows for quick and timely availability of\ninformation at all levels. Custom made dashboards\nthat are available online on the data collection\ntablets will allow the field users to access real time\ninformation about their clients, and be able to\n\n\n10 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\nrespond to any alerts or signals generated by the\nsystem. The system will not only move UNHCR and\nits partners to be paper less, but will also provide an\nopportunity to utilize artificial intelligence, machine\nlearning, interoperability and integration that\nwill result in better analysis, accuracy, timeliness,\ncomprehensiveness and utilization of public health\ninformation that will lead to improved quality of\nservices and health status of refugees. Full roll out is\nplanned in 2019.\n\n\n#### 9 40 63% 50%\n\n\n\nTOTAL COUNTRIES\nROLLED OUT\n\n\nSITES\nREPORTING\n\n\nCOUNTRIES\nTRAINED\n\n\nROLLED\nOUT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Refugee Health\nInformation System", - "confidence": 0.9989500641822815, - "start": 0, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.6127052307128906, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "IRHIS", - "confidence": 0.9953899383544922, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5180130004882812, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8877706527709961, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8437492251396179, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Meeting Bangladesh. UNHCR WASH meeting with beneficiaries. \u00a9 UNHCR/David Azia\n\n\nBalanced Score CardsAssessing Quality of Care\n\n\n\nUNHCR completed the review, development and\nsubsequently the launch of a new electronic health\nfacility quality assessment tool known as the\nBalanced Score Card (BSC) to standardize quality\nmonitoring, identify quality gaps and provide\nadditional information beyond the indicators\nreported in IRHIS. The new version of the BSC utilizes\nup-to-date technology that makes the results of\nassessments immediately available to the operations.\nDecisions are subsequently made in a timely manner,\nand resources can be targeted where they are\nneeded most. In 2018, assessments were conducted\nin Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, covering 20\nsites in total. The tool provides additional information\nto complement the statistics collected in IRHIS. This\nis expected to lead to improved quality of health\nservices.\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Balanced Score Card", - "confidence": 0.8557179570198059, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "BSC", - "confidence": 0.9637383818626404, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5570597648620605, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9513267278671265, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IRHIS", - "confidence": 0.9070587158203125, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5032920241355896, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8371626138687134, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 ANNUAL**\n**GLOBAL OVERVIEW**\n## REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH\n\n\nSKILLED HEALTH WORKERS 4 ANC VISITS DURING PREGNANCY\n\n\n\n**SKILLED BIRTH**\n**ATTENDANCE**\n\n\n\n**ANC COVERAGE**\n\n\n\n\u00a2 Not meeting standards\n\n\n\u00a2 Meeting standards\n\n\n\u00a2 Borderline\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|SBA|PEP|PMTCT|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Bangladesh**|95%|50%|N/A|\n|**Burkina Faso**|98%|N/A|100%|\n|**Burundi**|97%|22%|94%|\n|**Cameroon**|92%|100%|69%|\n|**Chad**|97%|52%|97%|\n|**Congo DR**|99%|92%|86%|\n|**Ethiopia**|97%|52%|91%|\n|**Jordan**|99%|100%|N/A|\n|**Kenya**|91%|96%|100%|\n|**Nepal**|100%|33%|100%|\n|**Rwanda**|99%|70%|100%|\n|**South Sudan**|87%|94%|85%|\n|**Sudan**|89%|N/A|26%|\n|**Tanzania**|89%|88%|100%|\n|**Thailand**|92%|33%|99%|\n|**Uganda**|94%|81%|95%|\n|**Yemen**|95%|N/A|49%|\n\n\n**STANDARDS**\n\n\n[100%]\n#### SBA\n\n\n[100%]\n#### PEP\n\n\n[100%]\n#### PMTCT\n\n\n\nIn line with UNHCR\u2019s Global Public Health Strategy\nefforts continued throughout 2018 to promote and\nfacilitate access to comprehensive reproductive\nhealth services including maternal and newborn\nhealth and family planning.\n\n\nIn 2018, 81.3% of country operations under\nsurveillance achieved the standard of at least 90% of\ndeliveries occurring in health facilities (an increase\nfrom 75% of operations in 2015). With regards to\ncomplete antenatal care (ANC), 25% of operations\nreached more than 90% coverage of four or more\nantenatal visits (a slight improvement from 2017\nwhich was 22.2%) and only 31.3% reached >90%\ncoverage of three postnatal visits within six weeks\nof delivery (cf. 26% in 2015). Much sensitization has\nto be done to empower pregnant women and their\npartners to attend ANC and PNC. Strengthening links\nbetween the community and the health facility can\nincrease utilisation of services, including ANC, and\nimpact maternal and neonatal mortality as well as\nstillbirths.\n\n\nAlthough progress has been made on skilled\nattendance at delivery, there are still significant\nproblems in quality of care including respectful\nmaternity care. Maternal deaths are reported and\naudited in refugee operations. In 2018, 100 percent\nof maternal deaths were audited within 48 hours.\nOf audited maternal deaths which occurred in six\ncountries in East Africa 94% of deaths occurred\nin health facilities with 59% occurring in the post\npartum period. Haemorrhage (often associated\nwith uterine rupture) was the leading cause of\nmaternal death (44%), followed by embolism (19%),\nand sepsis or infections (18%). Third delay factors\nwere significant contributors to maternal mortality\nhighlighting the need to strengthen comprehensive\nemergency obstetric care services including referral.\n\n\nGlobally, 24.7 percent of under-five deaths were\nneonatal deaths. UNHCR continued efforts to\nimprove quality and coverage of essential neonatal\ncare especially in countries with the highest mortality\nrates. In 2018, UNHCR started to implement the\n\u201cSaving Maternal and Newborn Lives\u201d project with\nfunding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation\nin Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. By expanding coverage\nof key low-cost, high-impact maternal and newborn\ninterventions, the project is improving the quality of\ncare provided to refugees through a multi-pronged\napproach that includes: additional medications and\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "supplies; infrastructure improvements for health\nfacilities (such as the installation of solar panels for\nmaternity departments and rickshaw ambulances for\nwomen in labour); improving thermal care including\nthrough kangaroo mother care, and capacity building\nof health workers including community health\nworkers in home visit for the newborn.\n\n\nUNHCR is also working with partners to improve\ncontraceptive services in refugee sites. Although the\nuptake of contraception is improving, there are still\nsignificant gaps in provider attitudes, method-mix,\nstock outs and disempowerment of women affecting\nhealth seeking behaviour.\n\n\nAdolescent pregnancy and its consequences\nrepresent a major public health issue with enormous\nsocial implications, in many countries of the world.\nUNHCR and partners continued to try to increase\naccess and utilisation of services in this age group\nincluding through specific outreach in eastern Chad,\n\n\n14 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\nBurundi and Algeria. From 2014 to 2017, there has\nbeen a reduction in the proportion of deliveries\namong under 18s from 6.4% in 2014 to 4.3% in 2018.\n\n\nA survey on the UNAIDS 90 90 90 targets was\nconducted in 22 UNHCR refugee sites in 14 country\noperations from May to December 2018, assessing\nHIV testing and treatment cascades. Findings showed\nthat 37% of the sites achieved 90% of estimated\nPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) knowing their status;\nwhile 77% of operations achieved 90% PLHIV who\nknow their status being linked to care and on HIV\ntreatment; and only 24% of site operations achieved\n90% of PLHIV on ART being virally suppressed. In\n2019, UNHCR will reinforce HIV counselling and\ntesting, scaling up testing approaches that help\nincrease uptake among people who do not typically\nuse healthcare services and amongst those at highest\nrisk of infection and more investment in support to\nthose on treatment.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNAIDS 90 90 90 targets", - "confidence": 0.8161506652832031, - "start": 198, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "assessing\nHIV testing and treatment cascades", - "confidence": 0.7510055303573608, - "start": 220, - "end": 226 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.942916989326477, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.619172215461731, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8166250586509705, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6592718362808228, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "During 2018, UNHCR provided support to ensure\nthe continuation of HIV services for refugees and\nother displaced populations affected by humanitarian\nemergencies in approximately 50 UNHCR operations.\nAcross its operations, in 2018 UNHCR provided HIV\ncounselling and testing, including testing pregnant\nwomen, to nearly 500,000 people of concern to\nUNHCR. In camp-based settings under surveillance\nthere were 13,422 refugees on ART \u2013 over a four-fold\nincrease since 2014.\n\n\nUNHCR supports services for the clinical\nmanagement of rape and other forms of sexual\nviolence in humanitarian emergencies. This includes\nthe provision of post-exposure prophylaxis,\nemergency contraception and prophylaxis for\nsexually transmitted infections for survivors,\npsychosocial support and mental health services,\nand referral for legal and protection services. Across\nUNHCR\u2019s operations, in 2018 Sexual and GenderBased Violence (SGBV) services (including referral\nfor clinical services, mental health and psychosocial\nsupport, community-based protection) were\nprovided to over 27,000 refugees and other displaced\npopulations. In Burundi, Bangladesh, Thailand and\nNepal less than 50% of survivors of sexual violence\nreceived PEP within 72 hours. Late presentation of\nsexual violence survivors is one of the major factors\naffecting provision of health services.\n\n\n\nCapacity building of health workers is an important\ncomponent of the project supported by the Gates\nFoundation, Saving Newborn Lives in Refugee\nSettings. The implementation of an innovative\nlow-dose high frequency training method, has\nresulted in the certification of 32 \u201cMaster Trainers\u201d\nready to give regular, short training sessions to\ntheir peers in key maternal and newborn care\ntopics. Procurement of training materials for each\nhealth facility, including newborn mannequins\nfor neonatal resuscitation training, and birth\nsimulators, allow health workers to regularly\npractice their new skills without being absent from\ntheir posts. Health workers have already reported\nincreased confidence in dealing with sick newborns\nand obstetrical emergencies, resulting in decreased\nnumber of referrals.\n\n\nThanks to the contribution of the Bill and Melinda\nGates Foundation funding, the District Hospital\nof Garoua-Boulai in East Cameroon is developing\na new kangaroo mother care unit to manage\nlarge numbers of low-birth weight babies they\nreceive from the refugee sites and the local host\npopulation. Globally, preterm birth is a leading\ncause of newborn death, and it is similarly the case\nin refugee populations. In order to improve the\nquality of care provided to these fragile newborns\nand increase survival, health workers in the\nGates project sites in Cameroon, Niger, and Chad\nhave received training in clinical management\nof prematurity, including the use of kangaroo\nmother care \u2013 a life-saving method of thermal\nmanagement and breastfeeding promotion that\nkeeps the premature newborn skin-to-skin with his\nmother continuously until he or she reaches a more\nhealthy weight. Local fabrication of over 2300\nkangaroo wraps is underway, with local production\nproviding the advantage of reducing costs,\nproviding livelihood opportunities, and increasing\nsustainability for future use. For example, in\nCameroon, local production of the kangaroo wraps\nwas completed for only $4 USD each, almost half\nthe cost of ordering internationally.\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 ANNUAL**\n**GLOBAL OVERVIEW**\n## NUTRITION\n\n\nCOUNTRIES WHICH SITES COUNTRIES WHICH SITES\n#### 15 147 11 74\nHAD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMPLETED A SENS SURVEY\n\n\nbut did not conduct a SENS survey\n\n\n**GAM** **ANAEMIA** **STUNTING**\n\n100%\n\n\n80%\n\n\n60%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n0\n\n\n16 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\n\u00a2 Percentage of sites not meeting standards\n\n\n\u00a2 Percentage of sites meeting standards\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 5,943\n\nSC ADMISSIONS\n#### 89,729\n\nMAM CASES\n#### 33,901\n\nSAM CASES\n\n|Col1|GAM|ANM|STUNT|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Bangladesh**|11.0\u201313.6%|29.4\u201339.8%|26.9\u201340.4%|\n|**Chad**|6.5\u20137.2%|37.6\u201352.5%|37.8\u201342.0%|\n|**Ethiopia**|6.4\u201319.4%|16.4\u201360.3%|4.0\u201351.0%|\n|**Kenya**|5.6\u201312.7%|46.7\u201360.7%|18.0\u201327.3%|\n|**Mauritania**|10.5%|40.0%|33.4%|\n|**Nepal**|1.6%|35.7%|33.9%|\n|**Niger**|12.0\u201315.8%||37.5\u201350.2%|\n|**Rwanda**|1.5\u20134.4%|28.3\u201344.6%|14.3\u201329.8%|\n|**Sudan**|9.1\u201319.4%|23.0\u201356.8%|4.6\u201358.8%|\n|**South Sudan**|5.3\u20136.3%|45.9\u201346.8%|21.1\u201328.8%|\n|**Tanzania**|1.6\u20132.9%|35.3\u201356.0%|36.4\u201356.7%|\n\n\n\n**STANDARDS**\n\n\n[<10%]\n#### GAM\n\n\n[<20%]\n#### ANM STUNT [<20%]\n\n\n\nImproving the prevention of under-nutrition and\nmicronutrient deficiencies in addition to managing\nthe existing cases of malnutrition as best as possible,\nis a priority for UNHCR. The new nutrition and\nfood security road map, developed in late 2017\nand currently undergoing external review and\nharmonisation with new guidance and tools (Sphere,\nSDGs, new WHO/UNICEF thresholds etc.) aims at\nproviding guidance on how to effect positive change\nfor improvement in nutrition status in refugee\npopulations. Promoting and supporting adequate\ninfant and young child feeding (IYCF), remains a\nmajor effort in improving nutrition as does working\nin synergy with other sectors. In line with this, the\nInfant and Young Child Friendly Framework, which\naims to bring multiple sectors together around the\ntheme of improving young child and infant survival\nand improving growth and development, was rolled\nout further in East Africa and during the emergency\nin Bangladesh in 2017 and through 2018. Increasing\ncollaboration with UN agencies and other partners\nin including refugees into treatment and prevention\nprogrammes has been a major drive for country\noperations through 2018, although there is still a\ngreat deal of ground to be covered in harmonising\ndifferent valets of the continuum of care, there has\nbeen progress in this area.\n\n\nGlobal acute malnutrition (GAM) is one of the\nmain nutrition indicators tracked for the purposes\nof determining needs and for monitoring health\nstatus. In 2018, 33/74 sites (44.6%) met the GAM\nstandards of < 10%, whilst 8/74 (10.8%) were above\nthe emergency threshold of \u2265 15%. These results\nrepresent an improved situation regarding the\nproportion of sites above the emergency threshold\ncompared to 2017 where this was 21.4%, but a large\ndecrease in proportion of sites meeting GAM targets\nin 2018 compared to 2017. The 2018 data falls short\nof the target of 77% of the surveyed sites recording\nGAM <10%. The proportion of sites in 2018 in an\nemergency situation was far higher in 2018 compared\nto in 2017 at 35% compared to 16% in 2017. 2018\nalso saw many new sites included such as those from\nSudan. Sites where GAM is \u2265 15% were recorded in 6\nlocations in Gambella, Ethiopia and in Sudan.\n\n\nComparing the 2018 results to previous years,\nimprovements in GAM were noted in 22/70 (31.4%)\nsites in Bangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, South\nSudan and Sudan. Deterioration in GAM was noted\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SC ADMISSIONS", - "confidence": 0.7315004467964172, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global acute malnutrition", - "confidence": 0.8224684000015259, - "start": 653, - "end": 656 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "nutrition indicators", - "confidence": 0.5007400512695312, - "start": 664, - "end": 666 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7450443506240845, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6736719012260437, - "start": 738, - "end": 739 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9682208299636841, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed sites", - "confidence": 0.8559251427650452, - "start": 777, - "end": 779 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GAM", - "confidence": 0.8173124194145203, - "start": 756, - "end": 757 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.5719242095947266, - "start": 825, - "end": 826 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.873274564743042, - "start": 762, - "end": 763 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9944050312042236, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed sites", - "confidence": 0.8612865209579468, - "start": 777, - "end": 779 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in only 1/70 (1.4%) sites in a camp receiving new\nrefugees in Tanzania.\n\n\nIn order to have a more comprehensive\nunderstanding of the longer term nutrition status of\nrefugee children, and a three-dimensional vision of\nnutritional status, UNHCR also considers stunting\nand anaemia to be of critical importance. Stunting\namongst children 6 \u2013 59 months of age met the\nstandard of <20% in 23/74 sites (31.1%) whereas\njust as many sites 22/74 (29.7%) registered stunting\nprevalence above the critical level of \u226540%. The\nproportion of sites meeting stunting standards has\nimproved slightly from 2017 to the end of 2018. The\nmajority of sites, for which we have previous data\nfor comparative purposes, show that the prevalence\nof stunting is stable or persistently high with no\nsignificant change (39/70 sites 55.7%). Improvement\nin stunting was noted in 18/70 sites (25.7%) in\nBangladesh, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan,\nSudan and Tanzania. Deterioration of stunting was\nobserved in a much greater proportion of sites than in\nprevious years 13/70 sites (18.6%) compared to 5.7%\nin 2017 in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Niger and South\nSudan.\n\n\n18 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\nAnaemia in children 6 \u2013 59 months old is used as a\nmeasure of iron deficiency and general micronutrient\nstatus. Only 3/68[1] (4.4%) met the standard of <20%,\nwhilst 32/68 (47.1%) were under the critical level of <\n40%. This means that over half of the sites exhibited\nanaemia levels of the critical \u2265 40% threshold 36/68\nsites (52.9%). The majority of sites, for which we have\nprevious data for comparative purposes, show that\nthe prevalence of anaemia is stable but persistently\nhigh (29/64 sites 45.3%). However it is concerning\nthat in 8/64 sites (12.5%) anaemia is significantly\nhigher than previous surveys, although this is a lower\nproportion than in 2017 the trend in sites in some\ncountries (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal and\nTanzania) is still concerning.\n\n\nAlthough these nutrition survey results show\nthat the indicators of long term nutrition status\nof anaemia and stunting are of particular concern\namongst refugee children, with an alarming sense of\ndeterioration in stunting, it is worth noting that there\nhave been statistically significant improvements in\nstunting in 18/70 (25.7%) of the sites and in anaemia\nin 26/64 sites (40.6%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "previous data", - "confidence": 0.565528392791748, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8258377313613892, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9449902772903442, - "start": 467, - "end": 469 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "indicators of long term nutrition status", - "confidence": 0.7421746253967285, - "start": 452, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9834315180778503, - "start": 467, - "end": 469 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Of the 65 sites where exclusive breastfeeding was\nreported, 63.1% (41/65) met the UNHCR target\nof \u226570% of children 0-5 months who received only\nbreastmilk during the previous day. This is quite\nan improvement compared to the levels observed\nin 2015 and 2016 (53.1% and 54.6% respectively)\nand a stable situation compared to 2017 where\nthe proportion was 63.9%. This is an encouraging\nimprovement since 2015 and previously and links in\nto the work that field teams and partners have been\ndoing on infant and young child feeding.\n\n\nThe indicator of GAM is very sensitive to changes in\nthe environment, living conditions, health care access\nand food security situation, displacement and as such\ncan fluctuate year on year depending on the context.\nThis makes direct comparisons challenging if there\nhave been major changes in context. It is, however,\nan extremely useful indicator for measuring the\nseverity of a situation and planning for programmes in\nconsequence.\n\n\nDeteriorating circumstances in terms of food and\nnon-food assistance in many operations are clearly\nhaving negative consequences on populations\u2019\nability to cope, a late term indicator of this being\ndeterioration in GAM prevalence. Once this happens,\npopulations have often exhausted their normal coping\nstrategies and are forced to resort to potentially\nharmful or risky practices to meet their basic and\nessential needs. This obviously sets populations back\nand it takes a lot of time to recover lost assets and\nregain an acceptable nutrition level. Although there\nwere no surveys conducted in Eastern Chad in 2018,\nthe camps further north are an example of where\nGAM prevalence has dramatically deteriotated since\n2015.\n\n\nWhile the causes of malnutrition vary, food insecurity\nis a significant factor. Many UNHCR operations have\nsuffered increasing cuts to food assistance over the\npast few years and there is an increasing trend in the\nnumber of countries afected. Cuts to food assistance\nare particularly worrying as refugees often have\nlimited other legal options to increase their income\nor access to food. Many resort to potentially harmful\ncoping strategies to meet their basic needs which can\nincrease protection risks such as pulling children out\nof school to work and selling sex. UNHCR continues\nto monitor food security of refugees through nutrition\nsurveys. UNHCR and the World Food Programme\ncontinue to jointly fundraise for operations of concern\n\n\n\nincluding Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia and Mauritania.\nMeanwhile the Agencies are collaborating to target\n(and prioritize) those most in need recognizing that in\nsome operations, needs are not being met.\n\n\nIn conclusion, UNHCR remains extremely concerned\nabout the continued high levels of anaemia and\npersistently high levels of stunting and GAM in many\nrefugee operations. UNHCR is working on several\nfronts to address this including 1) the distribution\nof specialized nutritious products in key operations\ncoupled with relevant multisectoral programming\n(e.g. WASH, MHPSS, malaria prevention and\ntreatment, deworming, improved IYCF and maternal\nand child heath), 2) promotion of the IYCF framework,\n3) advocacy for well-balanced food rations where\nprovided in-kind (including the provision of fortified\nblended foods), 4) improving the methods of data\ncollection and reporting to inform improved decision\nmaking and advocacy.\n\n\nIn Ethiopia, a reinforced collaboration with UNICEF\nand the Ministry of Health has resulted in refugee\nneed for treatment products for severe acute\nmalnutrition being transitioned and included in\nnational procurement and distribution plans. There\nhas been progress on improving the monitoring\nof malnutrition treatment programmes with the\ndeployment of the revised nutrition modules in\nthe integrated refugee Health Information System\n(IRHIS) in many operations. In line with the CRRF\nsome very large operations such as Chad and\nthe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are\nplanning to include nutrition status monitoring\nin out-of-camp situations where refugee and\nhost populations are mixed, or amongst villages\nsurrounding refugee camps \u2013 these surveys will be\ndeployed in early 2019. In Bangladesh, concerted\nefforts to scale up treatment services for severe\nacute malnutrition together with partners, as well\nas improvements in access to health care, improved\ncoverage of food assistance and improvements in\nthe shelter, environmental and WASH conditions\nhave resulted in significant improvements in GAM.\nThe nutrition treatment programmes however\nremain highly fragmented and not integrated into\nhealth care systems.\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GAM", - "confidence": 0.6622103452682495, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "indicator", - "confidence": 0.5181185603141785, - "start": 113, - "end": 114 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8588533401489258, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children 0-5 months", - "confidence": 0.8650104999542236, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GAM prevalence", - "confidence": 0.9242503643035889, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Chad", - "confidence": 0.8382065892219543, - "start": 284, - "end": 286 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5216939449310303, - "start": 287, - "end": 288 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9947611689567566, - "start": 411, - "end": 413 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "monitor food security of refugees", - "confidence": 0.5727419257164001, - "start": 405, - "end": 410 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9837045073509216, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9845548272132874, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "integrated refugee Health Information System", - "confidence": 0.9744789600372314, - "start": 646, - "end": 651 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IRHIS", - "confidence": 0.9813115000724792, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.5637167692184448, - "start": 669, - "end": 670 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6196224093437195, - "start": 711, - "end": 712 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and\nhost populations", - "confidence": 0.6818250417709351, - "start": 690, - "end": 694 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE\n\n\n\n**2018 ANNUAL**\n**GLOBAL OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\nPER PERSON PER DAY PER LATRINE\n\n\n60\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n20 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\u00a2 Litres per person per day\n\n\n\u00a2 Persons per latrine\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|LPPPD|LATS|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Algerie**|13.3|6.6|\n|**Angola**|22|5|\n|**Bangladesh**|15.9|29.1|\n|**Burkina Faso**|17.6|22.8|\n|**Burundi**|21.9|9.9|\n|**Cameroon**|13|18.4|\n|**Central Af. Rep.**|13.7|124|\n|**Chad**|17.5|10|\n|**Congo DR**|18.7|18.7|\n|**Djibouti**|14.5|9.9|\n|**Eritrea**|15|7|\n|**Ethiopia**|13.9|14.4|\n|**Ghana**|193.4|15.2|\n|**Greece**|93|12.2|\n|**Iraq**|78.7|5.1|\n|**Jordan**|35.6|6.5|\n|**Kenya**|27.2|6.6|\n|**Lebanon**|44.2|6.8|\n|**Liberia**|20|22|\n|**Malawi**|7|7|\n|**Mali**|18.6|N/A|\n|**Mauritania**|21.4|26.4|\n|**Mozambique**|20.2|10|\n|**Nepal**|26|5|\n|**Niger**|12.4|33.1|\n|**Nigeria**|22.8|23.3|\n|**Pakistan**|14.5|10.6|\n|**Rep. Congo**|11.7|108|\n|**Rwanda**|18.5|22|\n|**South Sudan**|20.9|10.9|\n|**Sudan**|17.3|18.1|\n|**Tanzania**|23.3|8.2|\n|**Turkey**|40|N/A|\n|**Uganda**|15.4|9.1|\n|**Zambia**|21.8|28.4|\n|**Zimbabwe**|20|23|\n\n\n**STANDARDS**\n\n\n20 lpppd\nWATER\n\n20 lats\nLATRINES\n\n\n\nIn line with the 2014\u20132018 Global Public Health\nStrategy and working towards SDGs, UNHCR is\nensuring that refugees have access to safe water of\nsufficient quality and quantity and access to adequate\nand equitable sanitation and hygiene services, both\nat home and in public spaces including market places,\nschools, and health care facilities.\n\n\nAccess to adequate and safe WASH services\ncontributes to UNHCR\u2019s health objectives: reducing\nmorbidity and mortality. In addition, WASH services\nare a prerequisite to ensuring UNHCR\u2019s core\nprotection mandate, as these services are necessary\nfor a safe and dignified life. In alignment with the\n\u201cparticipation revolution\u201d of the Grand Bargain and\nUNHCR\u2019s Accountability to affected population,\nWASH interventions are designed using participatory\napproaches. With the roll out of the Global Compact\nfor Refugees, UNHCR is emphasizing WASH solutions\nwhich ease pressure on host communities and utilise\nrobust technologies that reduce long term operations\nand maintenance costs and environmental impact.\n\n\nUNHCR faces many challenges including aging\nWASH infrastructure in camps and settlements,\nlimited capacity of local government in protracted\nsituations, and scarce water resources in many areas.\nThis is combined with budgetary constraints in many\noperations. In response to these challenges, UNHCR\nworks with implementing and operating partners\nto maximize efficiency through data driven decision\nmaking. In 2018, UNHCR continued to roll out the\nWASH monitoring information system (WASH MIS)\nwhich has household service level data as well as\ncommunity level asset registers. UNHCR performs\ntrainings and capacity building workshops with staff\nand partners in how to collect, analyse, and utilise data\nfrom the WASH MIS.\n\n\nThe average litres per person per day globally was at\n20.2 litres. In 2018 a total of 31 water supply systems\nwere rehabilitated and upgraded to solar or solar\nhybrid. The average number of persons per latrine\nwas 22. No change could be observed compared to\n2017. This exceeds the post-emergency standard of\n20 ppl and the recommendation to provide latrine\naccess at household level to improve hygiene and\nmitigate protection risks. In 2018, UNHCR continued\nto promote \u201cwaste to value\u201d sanitation technologies,\nbuilding additional urine diversion dry toilets in\nEthiopia. In total there are 3,500 toilets serving\n17,000 refugees, reducing the contamination of soil\nand groundwater and producing a soil conditioning\nfertiliser.\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Ethiopia the solarization of 13 water supply\nsystems in the country has contributed to a cleaner\nenvironment by reducing carbon dioxide and\nparticle emissions from diesel generators and also\nreduced operating costs with estimated annual\nsavings of 50% or more.\n\n\nInnovation and WASH\n\n\nDuring 2018 the UNHCR WASH has carried out\ncomprehensive field trials of real-time water\nmonitoring technologies in the West Nile Region of\nUganda and Northern Iraq. The aim of the trials were\nto pilot various real-time technical solutions for water\ntanker and water reservoir remote monitoring with\nthe goal of improving the efectiveness of UNHCR\u2019s\nwater trucking programming globally. As part of the\npilots a total of ten (10) water monitoring devices\nwere installed across refugee settlement from six (6)\ndifferent companies including TankMatix, HummBox,\nLibelium, Tekelek, DecentLabs and Kerlink. The\ndevices deployed a range of technologies for remote\nmonitoring including: 3G, 4G, LoRaWAN (Long\nRange Wide Area Network), Ultrasound, Wave Pulse\nRadar, and Piezometric Pressure. The field trials\nwere extremely successful and UNHCR has selected\nLoRaWAN Internet of Things technology together\nwith low-cost ultrasonic water monitoring nodes as\n\n\n22 **2018** | Annual Public Health Global Review\n\n\n\na low-cost, mature and scalable system for water\nmonitoring. Further trials are planned to use this\nmethod as a \u201cbasis for payment\u201d system for water\ntrucking contractors.\n\n\nGlobal Compact on Refugees\n\n\nAs part of the work on the GCR, UNHCR is rethinking\nits WASH programmatic response imploring new\ntechnologies and approaches. In Lebanon UNHCR\nis using an area based approach programming.\nFocusing on underserved urban/ peri-urban areas\nwith the objective of achieving protection outcomes\nand peaceful coexistence between refugees and\nhost community by building the capacity of local\nauthorities and supporting them with financing for an\nintegrated multi-sectoral response. In Ethiopia and\nUganda UNHCR is making a transition from direct\nprovision of WASH services to facilitating access by\nworking with stakeholders at the national and local\nlevel through the formation of Public Utilities to\nprovide services and public water boards to set tarifs\nand inform regulation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca8ec185-c31f-36f2-a779-009d39a9461f/Global_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_43/raw/doc_43_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_43/raw/doc_43_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 536a64f668c398535711f51e2e3000fac2f36dbe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_43/raw/doc_43_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RER LE LEADERSHIP DES ONG LOCALES ET NATIONALES DANS LES M\u00c9CANISMES DE**\n\n**COORDINATION HUMANITAIRE : CAS D\u2019ETUDE DU CLUSTER PROTECTION MALI**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Contexte\n\nLe Cluster Protection, activ\u00e9 au Mali en avril 2012, est constitu\u00e9 de\ndeux domaines de responsabilit\u00e9 (Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre\net Protection de l\u2019Enfant) et trois groupes de travail (Lutte AntiMine Humanitaire, Logement Terre Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et Ressources\nNaturelles, Documentation Civile). Le Cluster Protection, ses\ndomaines de responsabilit\u00e9 et groupes de travail sont fonctionnels\naussi bien au niveau national que dans les principales r\u00e9gions\nhumanitaires. Ils ont pour r\u00f4le d\u2019amener les acteurs de protection\n\u00e0 s\u2019engager et \u00e0 se coordonner pour pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9pondre aux\nviolations des droits de l\u2019homme et de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de\nprotection des populations affect\u00e9es par les crises et les\ninondations.\n\n\nLes acteurs membres du Cluster Protection sont des organisations\nnon gouvernementales (ONG) (internationales, nationales et\nlocales), des services \u00e9tatiques, des agences des Nations Unies,\ndes bailleurs et le mouvement de la croix rouge comme\nobservateurs.\n\n\nEn 2021, l'\u00e9tat des lieux de la participation des acteurs nationaux et\nlocaux dans les structures de coordination de la protection au Mali\na r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un fort leadership des agences onusiennes et des services\n\u00e9tatiques, tandis que les ONG nationales/locales \u00e9taient faiblement\nrepr\u00e9sent\u00e9es, voire absentes, limitant ainsi leur contribution \u00e0 la\nprise de d\u00e9cision strat\u00e9gique en mati\u00e8re de protection. Cette\nsituation a mis en \u00e9vidence la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la participation\net le leadership des acteurs nationaux/locaux dans les structures de\n\n\n\ncoordination du Cluster Protection et ses domaines de\nresponsabilit\u00e9 pour une r\u00e9ponse plus inclusive et efficace aux\nbesoins des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nCes \u00e9l\u00e9ments ont constitu\u00e9 la base pour lancer l\u2019initiative\nlocalisation en 2021 au sein du Cluster Protection au Mali, en\napplication des directives du Sommet d\u2019Istanbul et de l\u2019engagement\ndu Cluster Protection au niveau global \u00e0 soutenir les partenaires\nlocaux afin qu'ils prennent la place qui leur revient au c\u0153ur du\nsyst\u00e8me humanitaire. Ce soutien aux acteurs nationaux et locaux\npasse, entre autres, par leur implication et leur engagement au sein\ndes m\u00e9canismes de coordination de la protection (notamment \u00e0 la\ngestion de ces structures).\n\n\nDepuis lors, on constate une am\u00e9lioration de la participation des\nacteurs nationaux et locaux (services \u00e9tatiques et ONG nationales)\nau sein du Cluster Protection et ses domaines de responsabilit\u00e9 mais\naussi une manifestation de la prise de conscience de ces derniers,\nnotamment des ONG nationales, de leur importance/poids dans les\nstructures de coordination et dans la r\u00e9ponse. Les structures de\ncoordination au Mali envisagent \u00e9galement de plus en plus des\nmod\u00e8les de Co-coordination avec les acteurs locaux.\n\n\nLa strat\u00e9gie nationale r\u00e9vis\u00e9e du Cluster Protection pour 20242026 s\u2019inscrit dans cette continuit\u00e9 de soutien \u00e0 la localisation. En\neffet, l\u2019un de ses axes strat\u00e9giques est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la localisation de\nla protection et au renforcement de la coordination du Cluster.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 1. Objectf de l\u2019initatve\n\nL\u2019objectif de cette initiative est de promouvoir la repr\u00e9sentation et\nle leadership des acteurs nationaux/locaux dans les structures de\ncoordination du Cluster Protection et ses domaines de\nresponsabilit\u00e9.\n\n# 2. Approche M\u00e9thodologique\n\n\nDes rencontres et consultations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par la coordination\ndu Cluster Protection avec les acteurs locaux membres du cluster,\nles membres du Groupe Consultatif Strat\u00e9gique et les membres du\nCluster Protection. Ces consultations et rencontres ont permis de\nfaire ressortir les acquis et les d\u00e9fis de la localisation au niveau de\nla protection. Des recommandations ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9es,\nlors des rencontres, pour mener \u00e0 bien l\u2019initiative de la localisation.\nCes recommandations sont, entre autres, le renforcement des\ncapacit\u00e9s des acteurs locaux, le plaidoyer pour la visibilit\u00e9 des ONG\nnationales, et le renforcement du leadership des ONG nationales\nau sein du Cluster Protection.\n\n# 3. R\u00e9sultats et impacts de l\u2019initatve de la localisaton de la protecton\n\nD\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, l\u2019initiative localisation du Cluster\nProtection a favoris\u00e9 une grande motivation des ONG\nnationales/locales \u00e0 participer aux structures de coordination du\nCluster Protection aussi bien au niveau national que r\u00e9gional. En\neffet, au d\u00e9but de l\u2019initiative, peu d\u2019ONG nationales participaient\n\n\n\n\n\naux rencontres du cluster. Il a d\u2019ailleurs fallu l\u2019appui de l\u2019ONG AMSS\n(ONG nationale) pour mobiliser certaines ONG nationales \u00e0\nparticiper \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re consultation des acteurs locaux sur la\nlocalisation. Aujourd\u2019hui 88 membres du Cluster Protection sont\ndes organisations locales et nationales\n\n\nComposition du Cluster\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L\u2019un des r\u00e9sultats de cette initiative est sa contribution \u00e0 la prise\nde conscience/connaissance des ONG nationales, sur leur r\u00f4le et\npoids dans les structures de coordination humanitaire. L\u2019on a\nconstat\u00e9 un engouement des ONG \u00e0 s\u2019impliquer dans les\nstructures de coordination \u00e0 travers la redynamisation d\u2019un\n\u00ab cadre de concertation d\u2019ONG nationales \u00bb au niveau national qui\ns\u2019est sold\u00e9 par la cr\u00e9ation de la Plateforme des ONG Nationales\nintervenant dans l\u2019Humanitaire (PONAH) en 2024. Le Fonds\nR\u00e9gional pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et du Centre a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 un\nlevier pour la participation des ONG nationales et locales au\nCluster Protection \u00e0 travers ces crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9s au Fonds.\n\n\nDe plus :\n\n\n- La coordination du Cluster a impliqu\u00e9 les ONG nationales dans\nla mise en \u0153uvre de ses activit\u00e9s directes, a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 des\nacteurs locaux comme points focaux du Cluster Protection\ndans certains forums humanitaires et a revu \u00e0 la hausse le\nnombre de repr\u00e9sentants des ONG nationales au sein du\nGroupe Consultatif Strat\u00e9gique.\n\n- A l\u2019issue de la s\u00e9ance de s\u00e9lection du Co-coordinateur du\nCluster Protection en mars 2024, le Comit\u00e9 Directeur a fait le\nchoix de DRC (ONG internationale) et de AMSS (ONG\nnationale) pour appuyer la coordination du Cluster au niveau\nnational. Cette initiative vise \u00e0 faire la promotion de la\nlocalisation \u00e0 travers un transfert progressif des comp\u00e9tences\naux ONG nationales.\n\n\n\n\n- La Co-facilitation du Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional de\nTombouctou est assur\u00e9e par l\u2019ONG AMSS de mars 2022 \u00e0\nd\u00e9cembre 2024 \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un processus de s\u00e9lection\ncomp\u00e9titif.\n\n- La Co-facilitation du groupe de travail coh\u00e9sion sociale de\nTombouctou est assur\u00e9e par AVS depuis 2023, avec l\u2019appui\nfinancier du projet Empower WCA de CRS / USAID pour les six\npremiers mois.\n\n- La Co-facilitation du domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 protection de\nl\u2019enfant (CPAoR) au niveau national est assur\u00e9e par AMSODE\ndepuis 2022, suite \u00e0 un processus de s\u00e9lection comp\u00e9titif. Le\nCo-lead du CPAoR au niveau national est assur\u00e9 par la Direction\nNationale de la Promotion de la Femme, de l\u2019Enfant et de la\nFamille et au niveau r\u00e9gional le lead est assur\u00e9 par la Direction\nr\u00e9gionale de la Promotion de la Femme, de l\u2019enfant et de la\nFamille.\n\n- Le Groupe de Travail Logement, Terre, Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et Ressources\nNaturelles est co-facilit\u00e9 par AVS au niveau national depuis\n2023.\n\n- Le Groupe de Travail Documentation Civile est Co-facilit\u00e9 par\nl\u2019ONG IRAD depuis 2023 au niveau national.\n\n- La Co-coordination pour le GBV AoR au niveau Central est\nd\u00e9sormais assur\u00e9 par trois parties dont UNFPA- PNVBG\n(Structure \u00e9tatique) et ASDMIN (une Organisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\ncivile dirig\u00e9e par les femmes).\n\n\nLe r\u00f4le de Co-coordination et/ou de Co-facilitation des ONG\nnationales a permis aux ONG nationales et locales, de renforcer\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "leur participation et visibilit\u00e9 au sein de la coordination\nhumanitaire, d'accro\u00eetre leurs capacit\u00e9s dans la conduite des\nop\u00e9rations d'assistances aux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des populations affect\u00e9es\net de contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure compr\u00e9hension des dynamiques\nen mati\u00e8re de protection, notamment les aspects de protection \u00e0\nbase communautaire, le monitoring de protection et les\n\u00e9valuations et analyses de Protection.\n\n\nL\u2019apport des ONG nationales et locales, \u00e0 temps partiel ou total, a\npermis d\u2019assurer une implication de ces structures (OSC nationales\nou locales) dans les activit\u00e9s du Cluster et de ses domaines de\nresponsabilit\u00e9 au niveau strat\u00e9gique et op\u00e9rationnel, mais\n\u00e9galement \u00e0 contribuer aux discussions humanitaires afin\nd\u2019orienter les travaux multisectoriels et les strat\u00e9gies.\n\n\nProjets soumis HRP\n\n\n# 4. Le\u00e7ons apprises\n\nLe renforcement du Leadership des ONG nationales/locales a\nfavoris\u00e9 un meilleur acc\u00e8s et une meilleure contextualisation des\ninterventions, renfor\u00e7ant leur pertinence et leur acceptation par\nles communaut\u00e9s locales. Elle a \u00e9galement permis le\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s locales, la durabilit\u00e9 des actions et la\nr\u00e9activit\u00e9 face aux crises. De plus, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 la participation\net l'appropriation des initiatives de protection par les populations\nlocales, augmentant ainsi l'efficacit\u00e9 et l'impact global des\nprogrammes de protection au Mali, mais aussi un meilleur partage\ndes informations de terrain et des retours des populations\naffect\u00e9es.\n\n\nToutefois, le leadership des ONG nationales et locales, en\nparticulier dans le domaine de la coordination, souffre d\u2019un\nmanque de ressources humaines (d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la coordination) et de\ncapacit\u00e9s techniques et institutionnelles (comp\u00e9tences\nsp\u00e9cifiques, moyens logistiques) et des contraintes financi\u00e8res, ce\nqui peut affecter l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 globale des initiatives de protection.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Financement re\u00e7u en 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfin de renforcer l\u2019expertise des ONG nationales et locales en\nmati\u00e8re de coordination du Cluster, il y a besoin de renforcer leurs\ncapacit\u00e9s institutionnelles, organisationnelles et financi\u00e8res par\ndes formations et un soutien technique. Il est aussi essentiel\nd'am\u00e9liorer la communication et la coordination entre diff\u00e9rents\nacteurs avec des m\u00e9canismes clairs et r\u00e9guliers. De plus, il est\ncrucial que le Cluster Protection soutienne les plaidoyers des\nacteurs locaux et nationales dans la mobilisation des ressources\nn\u00e9cessaires pour prendre en charge le personnel d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 la\ncoordination.\n\n\nLa s\u00e9lection d'un coordinateur local ou d'une ONG nationale doit\n\u00eatre men\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re transparente et ouverte. Tous les\nmembres doivent \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s dans l'\u00e9laboration et la validation\ndes termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la Co-coordination. Par ailleurs, le\nprocessus doit \u00eatre comp\u00e9titif afin d\u2019offrir l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes\n\n\n\nles ONG nationales et locales membres du Cluster, de postuler, d\u00e8s\nle moment o\u00f9 ils r\u00e9pondent aux crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection.\n\n# 5. Recommandatons\n\n- Organisation, en 2025, des sessions de d\u00e9veloppement des\ncapacit\u00e9s sur la coordination, par le Cluster Protection, au\nprofit des Co-coordinateurs /Co-facilitateurs du Cluster et des\nAoR aussi bien au niveau national que r\u00e9gional.\n\n- Renforcement du plaidoyer pour le financement des positions\nde Co Coordination/Co-facilitation des ONG\nnationales/locales.\n\n- Plaidoyer pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation et l\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 (renforcer la liste des\nONG \u00e9ligibles aux fonds humanitaires) des ONG Nationales\n/locales et /ou dirig\u00e9es par des femmes et des jeunes.\n\n- D\u00e9velopper une note commune (Cluster Protection, AoR, et\nGroupe de Travail) d\u2019orientation sur le processus de s\u00e9lection\nd\u2019une organisation locale ou nationale pour la Cocoordination/Co facilitation du Cluster Protection et ses AoR\naussi bien au niveau national que r\u00e9gional.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 6. Ressources\n\n\n - [Strat\u00e9gie Du Cluster Protection Mali 2024 -2026](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2F9rj1fuido66mqaptj5hdu%2FStrategie-Revisee-2024-2026_Cluster-Protection-au-Mali.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dkdog4ok7b3fb8pairnn4f0d8l%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C7116817901644de4b56b08dd4f4ebb5a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753921744473651%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=RWWrsZFj0xLYQIOpWi1tP%2BHBWJ6w4nYW9Y%2BZ5LHhrNY%3D&reserved=0)\n\n - [Note sur la Localisation : Analyse et Recommandations](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2Fp3agd51hgalzq11a5b34s%2F2021-01-CP-Mali-Note-sur-la-localisation-Final.pdf%3Frlkey%3Db7t6n9wka7abpz4js3tjl0shp%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C7116817901644de4b56b08dd4f4ebb5a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753921744496307%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dlE%2FK5MXCnzR4gVrahLVCeNTEHtFRTj8H%2Bcl9NQnorU%3D&reserved=0)\n\n - [Note d'Orientation Co-facilitation](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/axm4cycbn9ubf44415iai/Note-d-Orientation-Co-facilitateur-AMSS.pdf?rlkey=bg87qvxy9sscqyb6hum4gqxp4&dl=0)\n\n - [TdR, renforcement de la coordination nationale en mati\u00e8re de lutte](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2F1xvqpbs3c52g6o0hja1wf%2FTDR-Renforcement-de-la-coordination-du-GBV-AoR-Mali-WLO-Project.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dgylq0nww32tdb38n3ypsrr65f%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C7116817901644de4b56b08dd4f4ebb5a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753921744513441%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yQJZVyGACriJ1U7YDsUa8Cfp8kc2v3T48Zlwm2Xn4Bo%3D&reserved=0)\n[contre les VBG : Appel \u00e0 une co-coordination par une ONG nationale](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2F1xvqpbs3c52g6o0hja1wf%2FTDR-Renforcement-de-la-coordination-du-GBV-AoR-Mali-WLO-Project.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dgylq0nww32tdb38n3ypsrr65f%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C7116817901644de4b56b08dd4f4ebb5a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753921744513441%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yQJZVyGACriJ1U7YDsUa8Cfp8kc2v3T48Zlwm2Xn4Bo%3D&reserved=0)\n[\u00e0 leadership F\u00e9minin (WLO)](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2F1xvqpbs3c52g6o0hja1wf%2FTDR-Renforcement-de-la-coordination-du-GBV-AoR-Mali-WLO-Project.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dgylq0nww32tdb38n3ypsrr65f%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C7116817901644de4b56b08dd4f4ebb5a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753921744513441%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yQJZVyGACriJ1U7YDsUa8Cfp8kc2v3T48Zlwm2Xn4Bo%3D&reserved=0)\n\n - [Termes de Reference Co-Coordination du domaine de](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2Fuqtshckpc50fpzmejst9a%2FTDR-Role-et-responsabilit-de-la-Co-Coordination-GBV-AoR-Bamako.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dzoel984ae1gvckgbco60gs3yq%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C72074b7045c24529cd7508dd4f606763%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753997641219097%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Na9ZRp4xHT9vzj3KUemSHkq3puqSj%2B8G2u7%2B%2B%2FkzCh0%3D&reserved=0)\n[responsabilit\u00e9 de la protection contre les violences Bas\u00e9es](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2Fuqtshckpc50fpzmejst9a%2FTDR-Role-et-responsabilit-de-la-Co-Coordination-GBV-AoR-Bamako.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dzoel984ae1gvckgbco60gs3yq%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C72074b7045c24529cd7508dd4f606763%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753997641219097%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Na9ZRp4xHT9vzj3KUemSHkq3puqSj%2B8G2u7%2B%2B%2FkzCh0%3D&reserved=0)\n[Sur Le Genre - Au Niveau national-Bamako](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2Fuqtshckpc50fpzmejst9a%2FTDR-Role-et-responsabilit-de-la-Co-Coordination-GBV-AoR-Bamako.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dzoel984ae1gvckgbco60gs3yq%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7C72074b7045c24529cd7508dd4f606763%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638753997641219097%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Na9ZRp4xHT9vzj3KUemSHkq3puqSj%2B8G2u7%2B%2B%2FkzCh0%3D&reserved=0)\n\n - [Appel \u00e0 manifestation d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat, Co Coordination GBVAoR](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fscl%2Ffi%2F0y8ws70knu5hp92iqkd4n%2FAMI-co-coordination-GBV-AoR-Mali-r-vise-OK.pdf%3Frlkey%3Dycona08pwsghivgkkc291id3g%26dl%3D0&data=05%7C02%7CSALLO%40unhcr.org%7Cd9093fe8e86848ddb2e908dd519f76e0%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638756467514055828%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fmD3yH%2F8gaHAHd75Z4PBzaKFMeFZCPAhGZb9l3SzElw%3D&reserved=0)\n\n - Grand Bargain Document\n\n - [TdR Facilitateur-CPAoR Mali Dec 2021 Final .pdf](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/8iel776t5e1xl4biuc72f/TdR-Facilitateur-CPAoR-Mali-Dec-2021-Final.pdf?rlkey=wltu22yavn2chdg22mmslu2iu&e=1&dl=0)\n\n - [TDR Facilitation du Sous-cluster Protection de l\u2019enfant en](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/8iel776t5e1xl4biuc72f/TdR-Facilitateur-CPAoR-Mali-Dec-2021-Final.pdf?rlkey=wltu22yavn2chdg22mmslu2iu&dl=0)\n[situation d\u2019urgence au Mali](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/8iel776t5e1xl4biuc72f/TdR-Facilitateur-CPAoR-Mali-Dec-2021-Final.pdf?rlkey=wltu22yavn2chdg22mmslu2iu&dl=0)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5835ee09-3631-40ac-8037-2ebfe944ebbc/2024%2012%20-%20CP%20Mali%20-%20Bonnes%20pratiques%20sur%20la%20localisation-%20CP%20Mali%20%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_430/raw/doc_430_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_430/raw/doc_430_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d9c64f04b3723ac88cc6f884b49fb4e66e6fa46c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_430/raw/doc_430_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tratados internacionales sobre derechos humanos,\nhabiendo ratificado en el a\u00f1o 1983 los dos\nprincipales marcos normativos sobre protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional de refugiados - la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951\nsobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados y su Protocolo de\n1967. Guatemala adopt\u00f3 la Declaraci\u00f3n de\nCartagena en 1984, y en el 30\u00ba aniversario de esa\nmisma Declaraci\u00f3n, adopt\u00f3 la Declaraci\u00f3n y Plan de\nAcci\u00f3n de Brasil, conjuntamente con otros 28 pa\u00edses\nde Latinoam\u00e9rica, en el 2014. En una clara muestra\nde su compromiso de garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de los\nrefugiados a trav\u00e9s de un enfoque regional,\nGuatemala tambi\u00e9n particip\u00f3 en foros regionales\nsobre protecci\u00f3n internacional, como por ejemplo la\nMesa Redonda de Alto Nivel denominada \u201cLlamado a\nla Acci\u00f3n: Necesidades de Protecci\u00f3n en el Tri\u00e1ngulo\nNorte de Centroam\u00e9rica\u201d, en el 2016, en San Jos\u00e9,\nCosta Rica. La participaci\u00f3n activa de Guatemala\nresult\u00f3 en compromisos espec\u00edficos, relacionados\ncon la protecci\u00f3n de personas en tr\u00e1nsito y\nretornadas, con necesidades espec\u00edficas de\nprotecci\u00f3n. En los a\u00f1os 2000 y 2001, el pa\u00eds se\nadhiri\u00f3 adem\u00e1s a la Convenci\u00f3n de 1954 sobre el\n\n\n\npara la Reducci\u00f3n de los casos de Apatridia.\n\n\nEl 14 de septiembre de 2001, el pa\u00eds emiti\u00f3 el\nReglamento para la Protecci\u00f3n y Determinaci\u00f3n del\nEstatuto de Refugiado en el territorio del Estado de\nGuatemala, Acuerdo Gubernativo n\u00famero 383-2001,\nel cual incorpora elementos de los principales\ninstrumentos regionales e internacionales sobre la\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional de las personas refugiadas.\nEn el Acuerdo Gubernativo 383-2001 se adopta la\ndefinici\u00f3n de refugiado de la Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 y\nla definici\u00f3n ampliada de la Declaraci\u00f3n de\nCartagena de 1984. No obstante, la legislaci\u00f3n\nnacional de Guatemala fue a\u00fan m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las\ndefiniciones internacionales y regionales, para\ntambi\u00e9n adoptar la violencia sexual u otras formas de\npersecuci\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero como fundamentos para el\nreconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n\n\nEl reglamento para la protecci\u00f3n y determinaci\u00f3n del\nEstatuto de Refugiado en el territorio del Estado de\nGuatemala cre\u00f3 la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para\nRefugiados (CONARE), un \u00f3rgano interministerial\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "integrado por los Ministerios de Gobernaci\u00f3n,\nRelaciones Exteriores y Trabajo y Previsi\u00f3n Social,\nadem\u00e1s del Director General de Migraci\u00f3n y un\nrepresentante de la oficina del Alto Comisionado de\nlas Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) \u2013\nlos dos \u00faltimos con derecho a voz, pero sin voto. La\nCONARE es el \u00f3rgano responsable de decidir\nrespecto a las solicitudes de refugio presentadas en\nGuatemala. Otras atribuciones de la CONARE\nincluyen la formulaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas en materia de\nprotecci\u00f3n y asistencia a las personas refugiadas.\n\n\nEn 2016, el Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica aprob\u00f3 el\nC\u00f3digo de Migraci\u00f3n, Decreto n\u00famero 44-2016. El\nnuevo C\u00f3digo, que entr\u00f3 en vigencia en mayo de\n2017, establece un marco legal para temas de\nmigraci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n de refugiados y protecci\u00f3n\nhumanitaria con una perspectiva orientada a los\nderechos humanos de las personas migrantes,\nrefugiadas y v\u00edctimas de trata. Adem\u00e1s, el nuevo\nC\u00f3digo atribuye el mandato sobre temas de\nmigraci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n de refugiados a una nueva\nAutoridad Migratoria Nacional y tambi\u00e9n crea el\nInstituto Guatemalteco de Migraci\u00f3n. A fin de\nasegurar la continuidad del sistema de refugio,\nmientras el Estado elabora los planes de transici\u00f3n y\n\n\n\nnuevos reglamentos, el Acuerdo Gubernativo\nN\u00famero 83-2017 establece que la Direcci\u00f3n General\nde Migraci\u00f3n seguir\u00e1 prestando los mismos servicios,\ncon base en los marcos normativos anteriores.\n\n\nA continuaci\u00f3n se detallan las estad\u00edsticas\nconfeccionadas por la CONARE, con el apoyo del\nACNUR, cuyo prop\u00f3sito es dar a conocer la evoluci\u00f3n\ny principales tendencias verificadas en el sistema de\nrefugio de Guatemala, desde el establecimiento del\nmecanismo nacional de determinaci\u00f3n de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado. Los datos presentados\nfueron extra\u00eddos de las bases de datos de la Oficina\nde Relaciones Migratorias Internacionales (ORMI) de\nla Direcci\u00f3n General de Migraci\u00f3n (DGM).\n\n\n**Solicitudes de refugio**\n**presentadas al Estado de**\n**Guatemala de 2002 a 2016**\n\nGuatemala se caracteriza por ser un pa\u00eds de origen,\ntr\u00e1nsito, destino y retorno para refugiados, migrantes\ny v\u00edctimas de trata de personas. La realidad que vive\nla regi\u00f3n hace que un creciente n\u00famero de personas\nllegue o transite por Guatemala y sus pa\u00edses vecinos\nen b\u00fasqueda de protecci\u00f3n.\nDesde el a\u00f1o 2002, el Estado de Guatemala registr\u00f3\nun total de 719 solicitudes de refugio de nacionales\nde 36 pa\u00edses distintos. M\u00e1s de la mitad del total de\nsolicitudes de refugio presentadas en Guatemala\ndesde el 2002 fueron sometidas por nacionales de El\nSalvador, Honduras, Nepal y Cuba. En relaci\u00f3n a la\nedad y g\u00e9nero de los solicitantes, la mayor\u00eda eran\nhombres (75%) y adultos (87%).\n\n\n\n_N\u00famero de nuevas solicitudes de refugio presentadas cada a\u00f1o en Guatemala_\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n**25**\n\n\n**2005**\n\n\n\n**34**\n\n\n**2006**\n\n\n\n**56**\n\n\n**2007**\n\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n**2008**\n\n\n\n**23**\n\n\n**2009**\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n**2010**\n\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n**2011**\n\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n**2012**\n\n\n\n**48**\n\n\n**2013**\n\n\n\n**123**\n\n\n**2014**\n\n\n\n**155**\n\n\n**2015**\n\n\n\n**147**\n\n\n**2016**\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n**2004**\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n**2002** **2003**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desde el a\u00f1o 2014 se verifica un incremento significativo (156%) en el n\u00famero de solicitudes de refugio\nregistradas en Guatemala. En comparaci\u00f3n con a\u00f1os anteriores a 2014, en el a\u00f1o 2016 se verifica un incremento\nde 206% en el total de nuevas solicitudes de refugio.\nEntre los a\u00f1os 2015 y 2016, datos oficiales compilados por el ACNUR indican que 89,837 ciudadanos de\nHonduras y El Salvador solicitaron refugio en varios pa\u00edses del mundo . Aunque este \u00e9xodo humano se debe a\nvarias causas, sin duda, una de las m\u00e1s contundentes es el alto nivel de violencia perpetrada por actores armados\nno-estatales (maras y pandillas) que afecta a algunos pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n. El contexto de violencia en Honduras y\nEl Salvador tambi\u00e9n tuvo un impacto en el sistema de refugio de Guatemala. En el a\u00f1o 2016, el n\u00famero de\nhondure\u00f1os y salvadore\u00f1os que solicitaron refugio en Guatemala aument\u00f3 un 276% en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o\n2012.\n\n\n### 719 206% 276%\n\n\n\nsolicitudes de refugio\nregistradas por 36\nnacionalidades desde 2002\n\n\nde aumento en solicitudes de\nrefugio desde 2014\n\n\naumento de solicitudes de\nrefugio de hondure\u00f1os y\nsalvadore\u00f1os en\nGuatemala desde 2012\n\n\n\nReducci\u00f3n en las tasas de abandonos de\n\n\nsolicitudes a en 2016\n### 48%\n\n\n\nTradicionalmente, Guatemala ha sido un pa\u00eds\neminentemente de tr\u00e1nsito de personas migrantes y\nen b\u00fasqueda de protecci\u00f3n internacional en pa\u00edses\nvecinos. Esta tendencia ha sido reflejada desde el\n2002 en las tasas de abandonos de las solicitudes de\nrefugio, las cuales han variado y afectado entre 80%\ny 100% de las solicitudes anuales. El Convenio CA 4,\nfirmado en junio de 2005, establece la libre\nmovilidad para extranjeros en el territorio de\ncualquiera de las Partes. Este convenio es un\nimportante marco normativo de protecci\u00f3n, en el\nsentido de que facilita el acceso al territorio y el\ntr\u00e1nsito seguro y regular de nacionales de Honduras,\nEl Salvador y Nicaragua que buscan protecci\u00f3n en\nGuatemala o que cruzan por este pa\u00eds en b\u00fasqueda\nde la protecci\u00f3n de los pa\u00edses vecinos.\n\n\n\nNo obstante, el an\u00e1lisis estad\u00edstico tambi\u00e9n sugiere\nuna creciente tendencia de personas con\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional que eligen a\nGuatemala como su pa\u00eds de refugio, de protecci\u00f3n y\nde integraci\u00f3n local. Desde el 2014, las tasas de\nabandono de solicitudes de refugio presentadas en\nGuatemala han disminuido considerablemente,\nhabiendo llegado a 48% en el 2016. Aunque el\nn\u00famero total de solicitudes de refugio siga reducido\nen comparaci\u00f3n con otros pa\u00edses, la disminuci\u00f3n en\nlas tasas de abandonos indica que las personas que\nhuyen de violencia est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s, considerando\na Guatemala como su destino final. En el sistema de\nrefugio de M\u00e9xico, por ejemplo, las tasas de\nabandono o desistencia han variado de 36% en 2014\na 27% en 2016 .\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n1. ACNUR, Estad\u00edsticas de Poblaci\u00f3n, disponible en: http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/asylum_seekers_monthly\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Tasas de solicitudes de refugio registradas en Guatemala y declaradas abandonadas debido al no seguimiento del_\n_proceso por parte del solicitante_\n\n\n**100%** **83%** **80%** **100%** **91%** **75%** **89%**\n\n\n\n2002\n\n\n\n2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008\n\n\n\n**96%**\n\n\n\n**38%** **35%** **61%** **81%** **39%** **79%** **48%**\n\n\n\n2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016\n\n\nEl n\u00famero de personas que optaron por esperar la resoluci\u00f3n de su proceso de refugio en Guatemala aument\u00f3 un\n281% en el a\u00f1o 2016, en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o 2014. El hecho de que menos personas est\u00e1n abandonando sus\nsolicitudes de refugio es un indicador de que, las que dan seguimiento a su procedimiento, consideran a\nGuatemala como el pa\u00eds en donde quieren buscar la protecci\u00f3n internacional y - si reconocidos como refugiados reconstruir sus vidas mientras las condiciones en sus pa\u00edses de origen no les permite regresar.\n\n\n_N\u00famero de solicitantes de refugio que esperaron la resoluci\u00f3n final_\n_de m\u00e9rito de sus procesos de refugio en Guatemala._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. Estad\u00edsticas de la Comisi\u00f3n Mexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados, disponible en: http://www.comar.gob.mx/work/models/COMAR/Resource/267/6/images/ESTADISTICAS_2013-2017_1er_Trim.pdf\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nacionales de Honduras y El Salvador corresponden a 84% de los solicitantes de refugio que esperaron la\nresoluci\u00f3n de m\u00e9rito de sus solicitudes en Guatemala, siendo de esa manera los principales grupos poblacionales\nque buscan protecci\u00f3n internacional en Guatemala.\n\nLas estad\u00edsticas tambi\u00e9n permiten suponer que la escalada de la violencia en El Salvador y Honduras - sumada a\nlas pol\u00edticas migratorias restrictivas y a la violencia que sufren las personas en tr\u00e1nsito en las rutas hacia los\nprincipales pa\u00edses de refugio \u2013 result\u00f3 en un mayor n\u00famero de personas que solicitan refugio en Guatemala y\nesperan la resoluci\u00f3n de su solicitud de protecci\u00f3n internacional. La proximidad geogr\u00e1fica y similitudes hist\u00f3ricas\ny culturales hacen de Guatemala una opci\u00f3n de pa\u00eds de refugio las personas que huyen de violencia en sus pa\u00edses\nde origen vecinos. El n\u00famero de hondure\u00f1os y salvadore\u00f1os que optaron por esperar la resoluci\u00f3n de su proceso\nde refugio en Guatemala aument\u00f3 un 250% en el a\u00f1o 2016, en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o 2014. La gran mayor\u00eda de\nesas solicitudes (90%) fueron presentadas por salvadore\u00f1os.\n\n\n**Perfil de las Ni\u00f1as, Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes solicitantes de refugio en**\n**Guatemala**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDe acuerdo a las bases de datos de la Direcci\u00f3n\nGeneral de Migraci\u00f3n, desde el a\u00f1o 2010 Guatemala\nregistr\u00f3 95 solicitudes de refugio de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, de ocho pa\u00edses distintos - siendo 68%\nde las solicitudes de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de El\nSalvador, y otros 20% de Honduras. Del total de\nsolicitantes de refugio con menos de 18 a\u00f1os, un\n51% eran ni\u00f1as.\n\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de los solicitantes de refugio con menos\nde 18 a\u00f1os viajaba acompa\u00f1ados por familiares. Sin\nembargo, desde el a\u00f1o 2002 fueron registrados los\n\n\n\ncinco casos de adolescentes no acompa\u00f1ados\nsolicitantes de refugio.\n\n\nDel total de solicitudes de refugio de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, 74% resultaron en reconocimiento de\nla condici\u00f3n de refugiado, mientras que 22% fueron\nabandonadas y 4% fueron denegadas. De los cinco\ncasos de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes no\nacompa\u00f1ados solicitantes de refugio, tres resultaron\nen reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, un\ncaso fue abandonado y un caso fue denegado.\n\n\n\nDesde 2002 fueron registrados 5 casos de ni\u00f1ez no acompa\u00f1ada solicitante de\nrefugio en Guatemala. De esos, 3 est\u00e1n actualmente protegidos como refugiados en\nGuatemala\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Desempe\u00f1o de la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para Refugiados de 2002 a 2016**\n\n\n\nLa Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para Refugiados (CONARE),\nun \u00f3rgano interministerial integrado por los\nMinisterios de Gobernaci\u00f3n, Relaciones Exteriores y\nTrabajo y Previsi\u00f3n Social, adem\u00e1s del Director\nGeneral de Migraci\u00f3n y un representante de la\noficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas\npara los Refugiados (ACNUR), es el \u00f3rgano\nresponsable de decidir las solicitudes de refugio\npresentadas en Guatemala.\n\n\nDesde el 2002, Guatemala proces\u00f3 las solicitudes de\nrefugio que le fueron presentadas sin finalizar un a\u00f1o\ncon un n\u00famero significativo de casos pendientes. Si\npor un lado la CONARE apenas se reuni\u00f3 dos veces\nal a\u00f1o entre 2013 y 2014, desde el 2015 la\nperiodicidad de las reuniones aument\u00f3 un 200%,\nllegando a seis reuniones en todo el a\u00f1o del 2016.\n\n\nLa productividad de la CONARE tambi\u00e9n aument\u00f3\n\n\n\nsignificativamente. Entre 2002 y 2014, la CONARE\nanaliz\u00f3 un promedio de siete casos al a\u00f1o, mientras\nque en 2015 hubo un aumento de 250% en el\nn\u00famero de casos analizados, llegando a un aumento\nde 311% en el 2016, en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o de\n2014.\n\n\nLos tiempos de espera para la entrevista de\nelegibilidad, as\u00ed como la duraci\u00f3n total del proceso,\ntambi\u00e9n pasaron por mejoras sustanciales, indicando\nque el sistema de refugio en Guatemala se volvi\u00f3\nmucho m\u00e1s eficiente desde el 2015. De acuerdo a la\nlegislaci\u00f3n nacional vigente de 2002 a 2016 sobre\nrefugio, el oficial de elegibilidad ten\u00eda un plazo de\ncinco d\u00edas, contados de la fecha de registro de la\nsolicitud, para conducir la entrevista de elegibilidad\ncon el solicitante de refugio. En el a\u00f1o de 2016, los\nplazos legales estaban siendo respetados.\n\n\n\nCONARE est\u00e1 integrado por:\n\nMinisterios de Gobernaci\u00f3n, Relaciones Exteriores, Trabajo y\nPrevisi\u00f3n Social.\n\n\nDirector General de Migraci\u00f3n.\n\n\nRepresentante de la oficina del Alto Comisionado de las\nNaciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR); -con derecho\na voz, sin voto.\n\n\n\nCONARE\n(Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para Refugiados)\n\n\n\n3 meses en promedio para resoluci\u00f3n de una solicitud de\nrefugio\n167 personas reconocidas como refugiadas en Guatemala\ndesde 2014\n99% de reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado de\nsalvadore\u00f1os y 88% de reconocimiento hondure\u00f1os\n\n\n\nLa eficiencia de la CONARE tambi\u00e9n se hace evidente en relaci\u00f3n a la duraci\u00f3n total del proceso de refugio, la cual\nes contabilizada desde la fecha de registro de la solicitud, hasta la decisi\u00f3n definitiva de primera instancia. En\nrelaci\u00f3n al a\u00f1o 2014, cuando hubo un incremento de 102% en el n\u00famero de nuevas solicitudes de refugio en\nGuatemala, la CONARE redujo el promedio de duraci\u00f3n del proceso de 5 meses para 3 meses de duraci\u00f3n.\n\n\n3. Acuerdo Gobernativo 383/2001, Art\u00edculo 28.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Promedio de meses entre el registro de la solicitud de refugio y la decisi\u00f3n definitiva de primera instancia._\n\n\n7 7 3 5 4.5 3\n\n\n2006 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016\n\n\n**Perfiles de solicitantes de refugio que tuvieron su condici\u00f3n de**\n**refugiado reconocida o rechazada**\n\n\nEn relaci\u00f3n a las decisiones tomadas por la CONARE, desde el 2002, la Comisi\u00f3n analiz\u00f3 el m\u00e9rito y concluy\u00f3 221\nprocedimientos de refugio, de los cuales 88% resultaron en el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado de la\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **3.5%**\n\n###### **2.5%**\n\nOtros\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Las altas tasas de reconocimientos de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, si comparadas con las nacionalidades de las\npersonas reconocidas como refugiadas en Guatemala desde el 2002 (en su mayor\u00eda salvadore\u00f1os y hondure\u00f1os),\ndemuestran una clara comprensi\u00f3n del Estado en relaci\u00f3n al contexto de violencia perpetrada por actores no\nestatales en Honduras y El Salvador, que genera la necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional de las personas que\nhuyen de persecuci\u00f3n. De acuerdo a la gr\u00e1fica abajo, las tasas de reconocimiento se mantuvieron superiores a\n75% a trav\u00e9s de los a\u00f1os.\n\n\n_Tasas de reconocimiento de las solicitudes de refugio presentadas en Guatemala de 2002 a 2016._\n\n\n\n**100%** **100%** **100%** **100%** **100%** **100%** **100%** **75%** **86%** **95%** **93%**\n\n\n\n**75%**\n\n\n\n**86%**\n\n\n\n\n\n2013\n\n\n\n2013 2015 2016\n\n\n\n2002\n\n\n\n2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012\n\n\n\nDe 2014 a 2016, Guatemala analiz\u00f3 el m\u00e9rito de 167\nsolicitudes de refugio, habiendo reconocido la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado en 93% de los casos, lo que\nresult\u00f3 en la protecci\u00f3n de 155 nuevos refugiados.\nDurante ese periodo, Guatemala rechaz\u00f3 12\nsolicitudes de refugio por haber resuelto que los\nsolicitantes no cumpl\u00edan con los requisitos legales\npara el reconocimiento.\n\n\nDe las 155 personas que recibieron protecci\u00f3n como\nrefugiadas desde el 2014 en Guatemala, 77% eran\nnacionales de El Salvador (119 personas) y 19% eran\nnacionales de Honduras (29 personas). Los dem\u00e1s\nsolicitantes de refugio reconocidos como refugiados\nen ese periodo eran de Venezuela (seis personas) y\nUcrania (una persona). Del total de nuevos\nsolicitantes reconocidos como refugiados desde el\n2014, 46% eran del g\u00e9nero femenino (72 personas) y\n37% eran ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes (58 personas).\nImportante mencionar que, en 2015, Guatemala\n\n\n\nbrind\u00f3 protecci\u00f3n a un hombre trans y a una mujer\ntrans, ambos que huyeron de Honduras y El Salvador\nen raz\u00f3n de una persecuci\u00f3n basada en su identidad\nde g\u00e9nero u orientaci\u00f3n sexual.\n\n\nEn relaci\u00f3n a los ocho casos rechazados desde el\n2014, los solicitantes eran de las siguientes\nnacionalidades: tres nacionales de Rusia; dos\nnacionales de Honduras; un nacional de M\u00e9xico; un\nnacional de Venezuela; un nacional de El Salvador.\nDel total de personas que tuvieron solicitudes\nrechazadas en ese periodo, 56% eran mujeres y\ntodos eran adultos.\n\n\n\n**Poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en Guatemala**\n\n\nAl final de 2016, Guatemala acog\u00eda una poblaci\u00f3n refugiada de 300 personas de nueve distintas nacionalidades,\nen su mayor\u00eda de El Salvador (50%), Nicaragua (33%) y Honduras (11%). En relaci\u00f3n al perfil de g\u00e9nero y edad de\nla poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, 48% son del g\u00e9nero femenino y 21% son ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "50%\n\n33%\n\n\n\n\n\n11%\n\n\n48% 21%\n\nG\u00e9nero femenino Ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as\ny adolescenes\n\nDe acuerdo con datos de la Pastoral de Movilidad\nHumana de la Conferencia Episcopal de Guatemala,\naproximadamente 70% de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada en\nGuatemala vive en el Departamento de Guatemala,\nde los cuales la mayor\u00eda reside en zona urbana. Los\n30% restantes viven en zonas rurales del pa\u00eds, sobre\ntodo en comunidades en Pet\u00e9n; San Pedro, Solol\u00e1;\nSan Marcos; Chiquimula; Jutiapa y Cuilapa, Santa\nRosa.\n\n\nLos refugiados en Guatemala tienen derecho a\ndocumentaci\u00f3n de identidad, de viaje y de trabajo,\nadem\u00e1s de la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n y otros derechos\nciviles, como acceso a la educaci\u00f3n y servicios de\nsalud p\u00fablicos. En el 2015, la Pastoral de Movilidad\nHumana de la Conferencia Episcopal de Guatemala y\nel ACNUR realizaron un Diagn\u00f3stico Participativo\ncon la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, un proceso participativo\nde consultas que ten\u00eda por objetivo evaluar los\ndesaf\u00edos y avances en la integraci\u00f3n local de\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada. Los principales desaf\u00edos\n\n\n\ndestacados por la poblaci\u00f3n estaban relacionados a\nla documentaci\u00f3n y acceso al trabajo, servicios\nbancarios, servicios de salud, educaci\u00f3n, programas\nde vivienda, seguridad social y seguridad contra la\nviolencia.\n\n\nEl nuevo C\u00f3digo de Migraci\u00f3n que entr\u00f3 en vigencia\nen el a\u00f1o 2017, trae importantes avances en materia\nde integraci\u00f3n local de refugiados. De acuerdo al\nnuevo marco legal, los solicitantes de refugio\nadquieren el derecho a trabajar desde el momento\nen que registran su solicitud. Otro importante\navance es que la documentaci\u00f3n de los refugiados\npasa a ser emitida por el Registro Nacional de las\nPersonas (RENAP) y adquiere un formato m\u00e1s similar\nal documento personal de identificaci\u00f3n de los\nnacionales. Por fin, el plazo para solicitar la residencia\npermanente en el caso de nacionales de\nCentroam\u00e9rica fue establecido en un a\u00f1o, lo que\nfacilitar\u00eda a la mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada\n(mayoritariamente hondure\u00f1os y salvadore\u00f1os) el\nacceso a un estatus migratorio m\u00e1s estable en\nGuatemala.\n\n\n_Principales departamentos de residencia de_\n_los Refugiados._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n70% de los Refugiados residen en Ciudad\nde Guatemala\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n\n4. ACNUR, Realidad de la Integraci\u00f3n Local de la Poblaci\u00f3n Refugiada en Guatemala, MayO 2016, disponible en: http://www.refworld.org/docid/5821c8474.html\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/013d2961-c1df-3ad7-938e-177a19d7a10e/Guatemala_Informe_Asilo_Junio_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_431/raw/doc_431_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_431/raw/doc_431_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f12a93241018cb1179bb23e38608ae05b01c0c2c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_431/raw/doc_431_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,268 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **MONITOREO** **DE** **PROTECCI\u00d3N** **PANAM\u00c1**\n\n## Informe General\n\n###### Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n**CONTACTO**\n\n\n**UNHCR Panama**\nUnidad de Protecci\u00f3n\n[Email: panpaprc@unhcr.org]](mailto:panpaprc@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**COVER:**\n_Adelio P\u00e9rez, 54, y Sonia Reyes, 47, junto a su nieta Dania, 7, frente a su casa a las afueras de la ciudad de_\n_Col\u00f3n. A trav\u00e9s del proyecto de huertos urbanos, apoyado por ACNUR y Cruz Roja, la familia P\u00e9rez ha podido_\n_alimentarse durante la pandemia. Sin embargo, la familia ha luchado para conseguir clientes para su venta de_\n_pollos ACNUR/Santiago Escobar Jaramillo_\n\n\n2 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### \u00cdndice\n\n\n**1.** **Introducci\u00f3n y Contexto** **4**\n\n\n**2.** **Perfil de las Personas Encuestadas** **5**\n\n\n**3.** **Incidentes de Protecci\u00f3n** **8**\n\n\n**4.** **Necesidades Prioritarias** **9**\n\n\n**5.** **Acceso a Documentaci\u00f3n** **9**\n\n\n**6.** **Acceso a Alimentaci\u00f3n** **10**\n\n\n**7.** **Acceso a Vivienda y Servicios B\u00e1sicos** **11**\n\n\n**8.** **Acceso a Medios de Vida y Actividades Generadoras de**\n**Ingresos** **13**\n\n\n**9.** **Acceso a Salud** **15**\n\n\n**10.** **Acceso a Educaci\u00f3n** **15**\n\n\n**11.** **Conectividad Digital** **16**\n\n\n**12.** **Cohesi\u00f3n Social e Integraci\u00f3n en la Comunidad** **17**\n\n\n**13.** **Impacto de las Medidas de Cuarentena sobre la Convivencia y la**\n**Salud Mental** **18**\n\n\n**14.** **Programas Sociales y de Ayuda Humanitaria** **19**\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n_Elizabeth S\u00e1nchez, 50, y sus hijas Eliz, 23, e Hilda, 11, en su panader\u00eda casera en una comunidad de la_\n_comarca guna a las afueras de la ciudad de Panam\u00e1. Elizabeth ten\u00eda un negocio de venta de comida al este de_\n_la capital cuando lleg\u00f3 la pandemia, y se vio obligada a cerrar y mudarse ya que no pod\u00eda pagar la renta de su_\n_casa. Hoy, ha logrado empezar a sostenerse con su panader\u00eda. ACNUR / Santiago Escobar Jaramillo_\n\n#### 1. Introducci\u00f3n y Contexto\n\n\nPanam\u00e1 es hogar para m\u00e1s de +15,000 refugiados y solicitantes. La poblaci\u00f3n refugiada est\u00e1\ncompuesta principalmente por personas de Colombia, El Salvador, Cuba, Nicaragua y\nVenezuela.\n\nDurante la pandemia del COVID-19, refugiados y solicitantes de asilo en Panam\u00e1 han\nenfrentados nuevos y exacerbados riesgos, especialmente, con la p\u00e9rdida de oportunidades de\ngenerar ingresos y la subsistencia diaria se ha convertido en un desaf\u00edo principalmente debido al\ncierre nacional y a las severas restricciones de movilidad que se establecieron para mitigar la\npropagaci\u00f3n del COVID-19.\n\nEl ACNUR realiz\u00f3 un monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n utilizando la herramienta de Encuesta de Alta\nFrecuencia (HFS, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) del 21 de octubre al 31 de diciembre de 2020, con el\nfin de recopilar informaci\u00f3n y datos actualizados sobre los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n que enfrentan\nlas personas de inter\u00e9s frente a las limitaciones al acceso a derechos y servicios b\u00e1sicos durante\nel contexto de la pandemia COVID-19.\n\n\n4 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 2. Perfil de las Personas Encuestadas\n\n\nSe realizaron un total de **435 entrevistas a grupos familiares, cubriendo un total de 1,467**\n**personas** de distintas nacionalidades: venezolana (42%), colombiana (24%), nicarag\u00fcense\n(21%), salvadore\u00f1a (7%) y cubana (4%); otras nacionalidades (hondure\u00f1a y extracontinentales).\nLas encuestas fueron realizadas a personas referidas por socios de ACNUR y la Oficina\nNacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de Refugiados (ONPAR).\n\n**Pa\u00eds de origen de las personas encuestadas**\n\n**Composici\u00f3n de los hogares encuestados**\n\nEl n\u00famero promedio de familiares registrados por hogar encuestados fue de 3 miembros.\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\npromedio 2 o 3 de sus familiares dependientes\nno pudieron viajar con ellos y se quedaron en\nsus pa\u00edses de origen. M\u00e1s de la mitad (57%)\nmencion\u00f3 que al menos uno de estos\n\n**Grupos etarios en los hogares encuestados**\n\n\nEl 64% de las personas cubiertas en la encuesta fueron 33% mujeres y 31% hombres, entre 18 y\n59 a\u00f1os, lo cual indica que la mayor\u00eda se encuentran dentro del grupo de edad de la fuerza\nlaboral productiva. 23% de las personas (10% mujeres y 13% hombres) que componen los\nhogares son ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as o adolescentes en edad escolar.\n\n**Necesidades espec\u00edficas de las personas encuestadas**\n\n\nAproximadamente una cuarta parte (24%) de las personas encuestadas no report\u00f3 la que alg\u00fan\nmiembro del grupo familiar tuviera una necesidad espec\u00edfica.\n\n\n_1 En algunos casos, las personas encuestadas manifestaron que carec\u00edan de fondos para acceder a la emisi\u00f3n de los documentos de viaje_\n_necesarios para sus familiares dependientes, lo que imped\u00eda su reubicaci\u00f3n desde su pa\u00eds de origen._\n\n\n6 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n**Estatus legal de las personas encuestadas**\n\n\nLas personas encuestadas que mencionaron contar con una visa o permiso como residente\ntemporal, incluyen a personas que fueron admitidas a tr\u00e1mite del proceso de reconocimiento de\nla condici\u00f3n de refugiado y personas que cuentan con un proceso de regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria\nextraordinaria conocido como \u201cCrisol de Razas\u201d [2] . Las personas consultadas con residencia\npermanente en Panam\u00e1, en su mayor\u00eda eran\nrefugiadas reconocidas y las personas que no\nten\u00edan visa o ten\u00edan permiso vencido eran\npersonas que se\u00f1alaron que su solicitud de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado no fue admitida a\ntr\u00e1mite, y aquellas personas que llegaron a\nPanam\u00e1 y no pudieron acceder a un\nprocedimiento migratorio o al proceso de\nreconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n\n**\u00c1rea de residencia de las personas encuestadas**\n\n\n_2 El proceso extraordinario de regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria conocido como \u201cCrisol de Razas\u201d es un procedimiento migratorio adoptado por las_\n_autoridades paname\u00f1as que permite a una persona obtener una visa o permiso provisional en el pa\u00eds que se encontraba con un estatus_\n_irregular. De acuerdo con las estad\u00edsticas de regularizaci\u00f3n realizadas por el Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n, desde 2016 hasta febrero_\n_de 2019, hubo un total de 61,345 de permisos emitidos. Datos Abiertos de Panam\u00e1, Migraci\u00f3n - Decreto 167 y 168 febrero 2019._\n_[https://www.datosabiertos.gob.pa/dataset/migracion-decreto-167-y-168-febrero-2019/resource/429d1fb5-51ef-4104-8bc1-7d3ff07ef26b](https://www.datosabiertos.gob.pa/dataset/migracion-decreto-167-y-168-febrero-2019/resource/429d1fb5-51ef-4104-8bc1-7d3ff07ef26b)_\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "estad\u00edsticas de regularizaci\u00f3n", - "confidence": 0.8953525424003601, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Panam\u00e1", - "confidence": 0.7786893844604492, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5760129690170288, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7614982724189758, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Datos Abiertos de Panam\u00e1", - "confidence": 0.7394008040428162, - "start": 226, - "end": 230 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Panam\u00e1", - "confidence": 0.9159811735153198, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5436891317367554, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 3. Incidentes de Protecci\u00f3n\n\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de los incidentes reportados por las personas encuestadas ocurrieron en el pa\u00eds de\norigen y varias personas mencionaron que los incidentes reportados los obligaron a tomar la\ndecisi\u00f3n de salir de su pa\u00eds de origen. Por otro lado, en comparaci\u00f3n con los resultados del\nmonitoreo de protecci\u00f3n realizado de junio a diciembre de 2019, se registr\u00f3 un aumento\nconsiderable de incidentes relacionados con actos il\u00edcitos ocurridos en Panam\u00e1, como robo a\nmano armada, acoso y/o agresi\u00f3n sexual, agresi\u00f3n f\u00edsica, entre otros. Las personas encuestadas\nque reportaron alg\u00fan incidente en Panam\u00e1 generalmente expresaron no haber realizado\ndenuncias sobre los incidentes ya que muchas veces el perpetrador es miembro de la misma\ncomunidad; en ocasiones, las personas encuestadas recibieron amenazas para no seguir con\nlos procesos legales respecto a los incidentes ocurridos. En otros casos, los perpetradores\nidentificados son miembros de los estamentos de seguridad, principalmente de la Polic\u00eda\nNacional, por lo que las personas encuestadas no ve\u00edan el sentido de presentar las denuncias\ncorrespondientes sobre los incidentes ante la desconfianza de que muy posiblemente no\nrecibir\u00edan protecci\u00f3n y ni har\u00edan seguimiento de su denuncia.\n\nAlgunas de las personas encuestadas reportaron amenazas o incidentes ocurridos en Panam\u00e1\nvinculados con el agente persecutor de su pa\u00eds de origen y otros se\u00f1alaron haber identificado a\npersonas relacionadas o vinculadas con el agente persecutor, de las cuales m\u00e1s de la mitad\n(64%) son de nacionalidad nicarag\u00fcense, seguido en menor porcentaje por personas\nvenezolanas, colombianas y salvadore\u00f1as.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 4. Necesidades Prioritarias\n\n\nEl acceso a necesidades b\u00e1sicas como comida, vivienda y/o ropa fue se\u00f1alada por el 59% de las\npersonas encuestadas como su principal necesidad al momento de la encuesta, seguido de un\n23% de los hogares encuestados que identific\u00f3 como segunda prioridad el acceso a\ndocumentaci\u00f3n o regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria y el 18% se\u00f1al\u00f3 el acceso a oportunidades de trabajo\ncomo tercera prioridad. Las personas encuestadas declararon a menudo que las tres opciones\nten\u00edan el mismo valor de importancia para alcanzar una estabilidad econ\u00f3mica y lograr una\ncalidad de vida digna en el pa\u00eds.\n\nEn comparaci\u00f3n con las necesidades prioritarias identificadas por las personas encuestadas en\nel informe de Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n de junio-diciembre2019, se puede observar un cambio en\nlas necesidades prioritarias se\u00f1aladas por las personas encuestadas, principalmente por la\nsituaci\u00f3n de la pandemia COVID-19, ya que la primera necesidad prioritaria era el acceso a\ndocumentaci\u00f3n o regulaci\u00f3n migratoria (40%); en segundo lugar, acceso a trabajo, salud,\neducaci\u00f3n, asistencia jur\u00eddica, entre otros (34%); y, en tercer, acceso a vivienda, alimentaci\u00f3n,\nintervenciones en efectivo (23%).\n\n#### 5. Acceso a Documentaci\u00f3n\n\n\nEl 56% de las personas encuestadas indic\u00f3 ser solicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en\nespera de que su caso sea admitido a tr\u00e1mite. A 16% de las personas consultadas son\nrefugiadas reconocidas por el estado paname\u00f1o y 9% de las personas encuestadas no mostr\u00f3\ntener intenciones de solicitar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en el pa\u00eds en vista de que ya cuentan con\nuna condici\u00f3n migratoria en el pa\u00eds, principalmente bajo el permiso de residencia temporal a\ntrav\u00e9s del proceso de regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria extraordinaria, tambi\u00e9n conocido como \u201cCrisol de\nRazas\u201d.\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de las personas encuestadas quienes se\u00f1alaron que su solicitud de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado no fue admitida a tr\u00e1mite, indicaron que sus respectivas resoluciones les fueron\nnotificados por la ONPAR luego de que las medidas de restricci\u00f3n de movilidad fueron\nflexibilizadas (julio de 2020), esto permiti\u00f3 que varias personas encuestadas pudieran interponer\nun recurso de reconsideraci\u00f3n a la decisi\u00f3n de no admisi\u00f3n a tr\u00e1mite por medio del Consejo\nNoruego para Refugiados a trav\u00e9s del acuerdo suscrito con el ACNUR; sin embargo, algunas\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\npersonas mencionaron que no ten\u00edan conocimiento del recurso de reconsideraci\u00f3n, por lo que no\ntuvieron la posibilidad de interponer este recurso legal en el tiempo oportuno.\n\n#### 6. Acceso a Alimentaci\u00f3n\n\n\nLa pandemia del COVID-19 impact\u00f3 las capacidades que ten\u00edan las personas encuestadas para\ncubrir sus necesidades b\u00e1sicas. Antes de las medidas adoptadas por las autoridades del\ngobierno de Panam\u00e1 en respuesta a la crisis sanitaria, el 90% de las personas consultadas\ndeclararon haber tenido acceso a tres o m\u00e1s comidas al d\u00eda; un 10%, a dos comidas al d\u00eda y\nsolamente un 1% ten\u00eda acceso a una sola comida al d\u00eda.\n\nDurante la pandemia, se pudo observar un dr\u00e1stico cambio en el consumo de alimentos, en el\nque m\u00e1s de la mitad de las personas encuestadas (55%) afirm\u00f3 tener acceso a s\u00f3lo dos comidas\ndiarias; un tercio (33%) indic\u00f3 que ten\u00eda acceso a tres o m\u00e1s comidas por d\u00eda; mientras que el\n13% indic\u00f3 tener acceso solamente a una comida de manera diaria.\n\n\n**Mecanismos de afrontamiento de las personas encuestadas**\n\nEl principal mecanismo de afrontamiento al cual las personas encuestadas recurrieron durante la\npandemia para poder cubrir las necesidades alimenticias del hogar fue la reducci\u00f3n de la\ncantidad o calidad de alimentos consumidos por la familia (92%), seguido de la disminuci\u00f3n del\ngasto en art\u00edculos no\nesenciales (89%) y el 51%\n(que representa\naproximadamente 83% de\nfamilias encuestadas con\nmenores en el hogar)\ndeclar\u00f3 haber restringido\n\n\n10 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\nel consumo de alimentos entre los adultos para priorizar el de los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes\n(NNA) de la familia.\n\nLas personas encuestadas expresaron que por la disminuci\u00f3n de los ingresos en el hogar no\nhab\u00edan podido proporcionar a su familia una dieta equilibrada. La mayor\u00eda de los hogares se\u00f1al\u00f3\nno tener la capacidad adquisitiva para comprar productos frescos como verduras o frutas,\nreducci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas de alta calidad como pollo o carne (algunos mencionaron reemplazar\nesto por at\u00fan o jam\u00f3n enlatados) y la eliminaci\u00f3n de los l\u00e1cteos de la dieta diaria.\n\nAdem\u00e1s, muchos hogares reportaron depender, durante el contexto COVID-19, de la ayuda\nsocial o humanitaria del gobierno y/u otras organizaciones principalmente socias de ACNUR. Los\nhogares que se\u00f1alaron que hab\u00edan recibido asistencia del gobierno, se\u00f1alaron en su mayor\u00eda,\nque recibieron la asistencia principalmente durante los primeros meses de la pandemia (abril,\nmayo, junio), antes de que se comenzara a implementar el plan \u201cPanam\u00e1 Solidario\u201d [3] .\n\n#### 7. Acceso a Vivienda y Servicios B\u00e1sicos\n\n\n**Tipo de vivienda de los hogares encuestados**\n\n\nLas personas cubanas encuestadas constituyeron la mayor proporci\u00f3n que alquilan habitaciones\nindividuales, ya que en la mayor\u00eda sus hogares no tienen hijos o hijas. Sin embargo, algunas\npersonas encuestadas con NNA miembros del hogar reportaron como tipo de vivienda el alquiler\nde habitaciones individuales que podr\u00edan estar en una situaci\u00f3n de hacinamiento que podr\u00eda\nprovocar alteraciones tanto en la salud f\u00edsica como mental al desencadenar situaciones de estr\u00e9s\nsicol\u00f3gico, favorecer la propagaci\u00f3n de enfermedades infecciosas e incrementar la ocurrencia de\naccidentes en el hogar.\n\n\n_3_ _Inicialmente, la asistencia del gobierno se proporcionaba a trav\u00e9s de cupones de alimentos (v\u00e1uchers) que se entregaban puerta a_\n_puerta en los hogares. En junio de 2020, se cambi\u00f3 el m\u00e9todo de entrega de la asistencia y se comenzaron a realizar transferencias de_\n_dinero electr\u00f3nicas a trav\u00e9s de la c\u00e9dula de identidad personal. Con el cambio de la modalidad de la entrega de la asistencia, la mayor\u00eda_\n_de las personas encuestadas dejaron de recibir la ayuda ya que no cuentan con una c\u00e9dula de identificaci\u00f3n paname\u00f1a._\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n**Acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos de las personas encuestadas**\n\n\nLos casos en los cuales el acceso al agua es dif\u00edcil se relacionan\nprincipalmente con asentamientos informales y/o alojamientos\nimprovisados en terrenos invadidos.\n\nExisten casos en los que la conexi\u00f3n a la red el\u00e9ctrica se realiza de\nforma ilegal, y en ocasiones, debido a ello, se producen cortes del\nservicio. Algunos hogares informaron tener acceso a opciones de\nservicios prepago para acceder al suministro el\u00e9ctrico.\n\n**Impactos de la pandemia sobre el acceso a la vivienda de los hogares encuestados**\n\nLos tres principales impactos de la pandemia de\nCOVID-19 en la situaci\u00f3n de la vivienda de las\npersonas entrevistadas fueron: la suspensi\u00f3n del\npago de la renta (74%), amenazas de desalojo\n(21%) y desalojo (8%) por el incumpliendo\nprolongado del pago de la renta\n\nDe los hogares encuestados, el 21% declar\u00f3 haber\ntenido amenaza de desalojo, mientras que el 8% fue\ndesalojado durante la crisis sanitaria declarada a\nnivel nacional. Al momento de la encuesta, el 20%\nde las personas declar\u00f3 que podr\u00eda enfrentar riesgo\nde desalojo durante los meses siguientes,\nprincipalmente debido a la falta de capacidad para\npagar del alquiler (el 87% de los casos en riesgo).\n\n**Intenciones de reubicaci\u00f3n de las personas encuestadas**\n\n\n12 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\nEn el momento de la encuesta, el 72% de las\npersonas consultadas declar\u00f3 no tener planes de\nreubicarse o cambiar su lugar de residencia en los\nmeses siguientes. Sin embargo, en muchos de los\ncasos, esta decisi\u00f3n estaba condicionada a la\nacumulaci\u00f3n de deuda y a la falta de capacidad de\npago, lo que obligaba a las familias encuestadas a\npermanecer en la vivienda actual hasta pagar la\ntotalidad o el pago parcial del adeudo del alquiler.\n\nDel porcentaje de personas encuestadas que se\u00f1al\u00f3 tener la intenci\u00f3n de reubicarse o mudarse\n(19%), el 66% declar\u00f3 querer quedarse en Panam\u00e1, pero deseaban cambiar su \u00e1rea de\nresidencia (comunidad, corregimiento, ciudad o provincia a \u00e1reas con viviendas m\u00e1s econ\u00f3micas\ny accesibles. El 26% con intenci\u00f3n de reubicarse, quer\u00eda salir de Panam\u00e1 y trasladarse a un\ntercer pa\u00eds (18% principalmente a EE. UU. o Canad\u00e1) y s\u00f3lo un 8% ten\u00eda intenci\u00f3n de regresar a\nsu pa\u00eds de origen.\n\n**Mecanismos de Afrontamiento de las personas encuestadas**\n\nPara hacer frente a la situaci\u00f3n de vivienda durante el contexto COVID-19, las personas\nencuestadas recurrieron a diferentes estrategias y mecanismos, tales como:\n\n#### 8. Acceso a Medios de Vida y Actividades Generadoras de Ingresos\n\n\n**Situaci\u00f3n de empleabilidad de las personas encuestadas**\n\nLa mitad de las personas encuestadas (50%) inform\u00f3 estar desempleada en el momento de la\nencuesta; los porcentajes m\u00e1s altos de estas personas son nacionales de Nicaragua, Colombia y\nVenezuela. A pesar de que el 33% de las personas encuestadas declararon que en su pa\u00edses de\norigen contaban con un contrato formal de trabajo, en Panam\u00e1 s\u00f3lo el 4% report\u00f3 que estaba\nempleado formalmente en el momento de la encuesta.\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n**Generaci\u00f3n de ingresos de las personas encuestada**\n\n\nEl 23% de los hogares encuestados no registr\u00f3 una\nsola hora pagada durante todo el mes previo a la\nencuesta.\n\nAntes del contexto de COVID-19, el 98% de los\nhogares ten\u00eda una actividad econ\u00f3mica y s\u00f3lo el 20%\ndepend\u00eda de alguna forma de asistencia humanitaria\npara cubrir las necesidades b\u00e1sicas de su hogar.\nAdem\u00e1s, el 13% de los hogares declar\u00f3 haber tenido ahorros antes de las restricciones\nimpuestas por la pandemia del COVID-19.\n\nAl momento de la encuesta, el 91% de las personas encuestadas se\u00f1alo que las restricciones\nestablecidas por el gobierno por la pandemia tuvieron un impacto directo sobre su situaci\u00f3n\nlaboral, especialmente en las personas de nacionalidad hondure\u00f1a, colombiana y salvadore\u00f1a.\n\n\n14 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 9. Acceso a Salud\n\n\nM\u00e1s de las tres cuartas partes de los hogares encuestados (79%) declararon que durante el\ncontexto de COVID-19, pudieron acudir a un centro de salud u hospital, y tuvieron acceso a\natenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica. Sin embargo, las personas encuestadas se\u00f1alaron que tuvieron dificultan para\nacceder a un tratamiento, atenci\u00f3n especializada o pruebas de laboratorio y que no les era\nposible cubrir los altos costos de los servicios. [4]\n\n\nS\u00f3lo un tercio de los hogares encuestados que reportaron\ncasos positivos por la COVID-19 hab\u00eda recibido ayuda o\nasistencia por parte del Gobierno. En algunos casos,\nmiembros de la comunidad o de la iglesia ofrecieron apoyo\npara que las personas con diagnostico positivo por COVID-19\npudiesen cubrir sus necesidades b\u00e1sicas durante el periodo\nde cuarentena.\n\nTipo de asistencia m\u00e9dica requerida por los hogares encuestados durante el contexto COVID-19:\n\n#### 10. Acceso a Educaci\u00f3n\n\n\n**Tasa de Matr\u00edcula y acceso a la educaci\u00f3n virtual de las personas encuestadas**\n\nEn el caso de las familias con ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, el 34% declar\u00f3 no haber tenido los\nrecursos y los medios necesarios para que los NNA del hogar recibieran su educaci\u00f3n de forma\nvirtual durante el a\u00f1o lectivo 2020. El nivel m\u00e1s bajo de acceso fue registrado por nacionales\nnicarag\u00fcenses, mientras que el nivel m\u00e1s alto de acceso por personas de nacionalidad\ncolombiana, seguido de personas venezolanas.\n\n\n_4 Durante las encuestas, hubo muchos casos de personas que informaron falta de acceso a un tratamiento adecuado o constante para_\n_afecciones cr\u00f3nicas como diabetes e hipertensi\u00f3n, as\u00ed como dificultad para continuar con las terapias necesarias en algunos casos de_\n_lesiones f\u00edsicas. En general, estas limitaciones podr\u00edan traducirse en graves riesgos para la salud y el bienestar de las personas_\n_encuestadas._\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\nA pesar de los retos de la modalidad virtual, un 89% de los hogares report\u00f3 que sus hijos\ncontinuaron sus estudios durante el contexto COVID-19. Muchas personas encuestadas\nse\u00f1alaron que recibieron apoyo\npara conectividad digital (tarjetas\ntelef\u00f3nicas prepagas para acceso\na Internet) y dispositivos m\u00f3viles\ninteligentes (tabletas) que\npermitieron que los estudiantes\npudieran continuar recibiendo\nclases de manera remota.\n\n**Metodolog\u00edas virtuales utilizadas por los hogares encuestados**\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de las personas encuestadas mencionaron que los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as o adolescentes en el\nhogar utilizaron una combinaci\u00f3n de varias metodolog\u00edas de educaci\u00f3n virtual durante el\ncontexto COVID-19, como:\n\n#### 11.Conectividad Digital\n\n\nAproximadamente la mitad de los hogares encuestados (54%) se\u00f1al\u00f3 tener acceso f\u00e1cil o muy\nf\u00e1cil a Internet mientras que un poco m\u00e1s de un tercio (37%) de las personas entrevistadas\ndijeron tener un acceso dif\u00edcil o muy dif\u00edcil. El 9% de las personas encuestadas mantuvo una\nposici\u00f3n neutral al respecto, ya que depend\u00edan del poder adquisitivo en el momento para la\ncompra de tarjetas de celular prepago para tener conectividad digital.\n\n\n16 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 12. Cohesi\u00f3n Social e Integraci\u00f3n en la Comunidad\n\n\nEl 84% de las personas encuestadas dijeron estar totalmente de acuerdo o de acuerdo de\nsentirse seguros en el \u00e1rea donde viven y s\u00f3lo el 13% se mostr\u00f3 en desacuerdo o totalmente en\ndesacuerdo. Es importante mencionar que el tipo de delitos que las personas encuestadas\nmencionaron haber sido v\u00edctimas en Panam\u00e1 aumentaron en severidad con respecto a la\ninformaci\u00f3n recopilada durante el de Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n realizado en 2019, ya que\nse\u00f1alaron que han sido sujetos a robos a mano armada, mientras que algunos reportaron haber\nsido testigos de actos de violencia como asesinatos y ejecuciones, narcotr\u00e1fico, actividades\ndelictivas de pandillas y grupos criminales. Las personas de nacionalidad colombiana,\nnicarag\u00fcense y salvadore\u00f1a presentaron el mayor nivel de percepci\u00f3n de riesgo e inseguridad\nen sus comunidades o \u00e1reas de residencia.\n\n\nVarias personas mencionaron que sus h\u00e1bitos diarios no\nincluyen actividades sociales o de esparcimiento en los\nespacios p\u00fablicos, lo que se puede traducir en estilos de vida\nde aislamiento y \u00fanicamente enfocados en el grupo familiar,\nespecialmente en actividades que generen ingresos para cubrir\nnecesidades y servicios b\u00e1sicos del hogar, con poca\ninteracci\u00f3n fuera del hogar.\n\nAdem\u00e1s, m\u00e1s de un tercio de las personas encuestadas dijo haber sido discriminado por ser\nextranjero, independientemente de su nacionalidad espec\u00edfica. Estas percepciones tambi\u00e9n\npudieron ser validadas a trav\u00e9s de los hallazgos presentados en otros informes de an\u00e1lisis de\ncohesi\u00f3n social realizados por ACNUR y la OIM durante 2020, los cuales afirman que m\u00e1s de la\nmitad de las personas refugiadas y migrantes se ha sentido discriminado en el pa\u00eds y que el 78%\nde los refugiados y los migrantes dijeron haber presenciado actos de discriminaci\u00f3n en Panam\u00e1\ncontra personas extranjeras.\n\nA pesar de los altos porcentajes de aislamiento social o\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n, el 79% de las personas entrevistadas\nafirm\u00f3 mantener relaciones y/o interacciones positivas o\nmuy positivas con la poblaci\u00f3n local, especialmente\ndurante el contexto de crisis sanitaria por la pandemia\nde COVID-19.\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 13. Impacto de las Medidas de Cuarentena sobre la Convivencia y la Salud Mental\n\n\n**Impacto en la salud mental de las personas encuestadas**\n\nEl confinamiento prolongado, las restricciones de\nmovilidad, los toques de queda y otras medidas sanitarias\nimpuestas por el gobierno paname\u00f1o, no solo afectaron la\neconom\u00eda y el acceso a derechos y servicios b\u00e1sicos\ndurante la pandemia del COVID-19, sino que ha tenido un\nimpacto significativo en las interacciones sociales, las\ndin\u00e1micas familiares y en el bienestar personal.\n\nSin embargo, s\u00f3lo el 12% de los hogares consultados declararon que necesitaron atenci\u00f3n y/o\napoyo psicosocial o psiqui\u00e1trico durante el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo,\npuede que esto no sea un reflejo de la necesidad de la poblaci\u00f3n de programas de salud mental,\npero s\u00ed del estigma que a\u00fan mantiene este tema.\n\n**Problemas de convivencia en los hogares encuestados**\n\n\nLos problemas de convivencia que m\u00e1s\nmencionaron las personas encuestadas\nest\u00e1n relacionados con las din\u00e1micas\nfamiliares y con la responsabilidad de\nlas tareas en el hogar, se han visto\nimpactadas directamente por las\nmedidas de restricci\u00f3n de movilidad y\ncuarentena impuestas por el gobierno\npaname\u00f1o durante el contexto COVID19.\n\nDurante las encuestas se identificaron un n\u00famero estad\u00edsticamente insignificante (1%) de casos\nde violencia domestica durante el contexto COVID-19. Sin embargo, es posible que la\nmetodolog\u00eda a trav\u00e9s de encuestas telef\u00f3nicas no propiciara que posibles sobrevivientes de\nviolencia domestica pudieran hablar abiertamente ya que probablemente el perpetrador se\nencontraba en el mismo espacio al momento de la encuesta.\n\n\n18 UNHCR / Abril 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n#### 14. Programas Sociales y de Ayuda Humanitaria\n\n\nEl 53% de las personas encuestadas declararon haber recibido alg\u00fan tipo de asistencia\nhumanitaria o haber participado en programas sociales principalmente de ACNUR a trav\u00e9s de\nsus socios como: Cruz Roja Paname\u00f1a, Consejo Noruego para Refugiados, HIAS, Ret\nInternacional y la Pastoral de Movilidad Humana. Durante la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19\nmencionaron haber recibido asistencia para el pago de arrendamiento, compra de alimentos,\nart\u00edculos de higiene y de beb\u00e9. Por otro lado, se\u00f1alaron que durante la pandemia de COVID-19\nrecibieron asistencia por parte del gobierno paname\u00f1o a trav\u00e9s del programa \u201cPanama\nSolidario\u201d.\n\n\n**Fuente de asistencia recibida por las personas encuestadas**\n\n\n_2% de otra(s) fuente(s)_ [5] .\n\n**Tipo de asistencia recibida por las personas encuestadas**\n\n\n_5_\n_Muchas de las personas encuestadas declararon haber recibido asistencia o ayuda de m\u00e1s de una fuente, por lo que la_\n_suma podr\u00eda ser superior al 100%._\n\n\nUNHCR / Abril 2021 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0afbb5f-9b73-4e34-9545-a176aeb182f5/HFS%201%20General%20Report_Apr2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_432/raw/doc_432_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_432/raw/doc_432_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 12c125b59b7a581170eb199318ec248089c9fa4e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_432/raw/doc_432_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Housing, Land and Property (HLP) Challenges in South Sudan**\n\n**January 2021**\n\n\nHousing, Land and Property (HLP) rights including reclamation, restitution and reconstruction continue to be a\ncrucial issue in South Sudan. To achieve durable solutions for those affected by the conflict significant effort will be\nrequired to ensure that they are effectively addressed. South Sudan is not yet conducive for mass scale returns, however\nwith the signing of R-TGoNU in February 2020, an increase in spontaneous returns has been recorded, alongside a\ncorresponding increase in HLP issues. Equitable access to HLP remains a pivotal requirement for peacebuilding and\nrecovery in post-conflict South Sudan. Inter-communal land and resource conflicts rooted in access, ownership and usage\nthreaten peacebuilding and stabilization efforts. Development of land tenure policy, review of associated legal\nframeworks, and installation and operationalizing of land administration structures at sub-national levels are all\nimportant post-conflict priorities that are essential to identifying durable solutions in resettling IDPs and refugees, and\nex-combatants. Securing HLP rights that enable livelihoods and addressing HLP grievances/disputes will also contribute\nto establishing the rule of law, which in turn produces conducive environments for returns, investment, poverty reduction\nand development.\n\n\nAttention to HLP issues by the highest levels of South Sudanese authorities and the Humanitarian Country Team\n(HCT) demonstrates the commitment of the Government to fulfil its responsibilities and that of the international\ncommunity in terms of playing a supporting role. This covers activities aimed at creating a conducive environment for\nreturns and includes responses to HLP issues that mitigate the potential for returns to exacerbate tensions over scarce\nresources. It also establishes mechanisms to identify legal and/or community-based solutions to resolve HLP disputes.\n\n\nThere are numerous issues that continue to undermine the full realisation of HLP rights for the people of South\nSudan and HLP is recognized as a growing key protection concern across the country. The COVID-19 pandemic has\nexacerbated some of the risks associated with HLP issues in several areas of the country. The process of redesignating\nPoC sites into IDP camps, i.e. transferring responsibility from UNMISS to the Government of South Sudan, has created\nfurther risks associated with HLP issues, including issues regarding established IDP camps. Voluntary return and relocation\nfor IDPs faces multiple issues connected to both HLP rights and wider security. The HLP Technical Working Group (HLP\nTWG) strives to ensure the integration of HLP rights and concerns in humanitarian responses, and to ensure that key\naffected populations are supported. This note summarizes the key HLP challenges in South Sudan and provides\nrecommendations for various stakeholders to better inform advocacy and programming.\n\n\n**Key HLP Challenges**\n\n\nWeak land administration and dispute resolution mechanisms - The lack of availability and inefficiency of land\nadministration services and mechanisms to address disputes at National and State levels (including at County, Payam,\nand Boma levels) results in difficulties related to securing land documentation and resolving land disputes. Most formal\nimplementing institutions provided for in the 2009 Land Act and in the Draft Land Policy (yet to be adopted), have not\nbeen established and related laws have been disseminated in only a limited way. Government officials at the state level\nlack awareness, training and capacity on how to implement the laws. Absence of active land administration institutions,\nlack of awareness and capacity for implementation of land laws at the subnational levels make it especially challenging\nfor rural communities to access HLP related services. Customary courts are often tasked with resolving land disputes\nhowever customary court members also often lack understanding of legislation required to pass fair judgement.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/adaf0b29-4142-3939-9798-846f3897e3b3/HLP%20TWG%20Note%20-%20HLP%20Challenges%20in%20South%20Sudan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Discriminatory dispute resolution mechanisms: Customary courts and government officials are addressing land disputes\nwith limited awareness of/support from related legislative or administrative bodies. Discriminatory rulings are reportedly\npassed with little consultation or opportunities to contest.\n\n\nFinancial burden of proving land ownership: In various locations in order to secure land ownership individuals must pay\nfor a land survey. The cost of a land survey can be prohibitive, particularly for recent returnees. In some cases, the\nindividual that is able to pay for the land survey first has a greater chance of securing land ownership, as opposed to\nprocesses that support decisions made based on rightful ownership.\n\n\nLack of legislation implementation: This increases the risk for breach of HLP rights. The weak efficacy and fairness on the\napplicability of the plural land regime, which allows the co-existence of statutory and customary land tenure regimes,\nmay undermine HLP rights, particularly those of vulnerable groups as women, child-heeded households, the elderly,\namongst others. The ongoing delay in the approval of the National Land Policy, under development since 2006,\nundermines filling gaps in HLP related legal frameworks that draw from the Land Policy. The legal insecurity weakens the\nability of HLP agencies to respond appropriately at the field and national level.\n\n\nRegistration and documentation: The absence of a harmonized and coherent national land registration and\ndocumentation system contributes to the increase in land disputes and hinders the resolution of disputes. The current\nregistry is outdated and lacks capacity to handle the number of cases. Without a harmonized system, different systems\nof registration have emerged at Peri-urban, state and sub national levels, leading to confusion and contested claims.\nGiven this situation, the system is open to exploitation and as such private landowners have been able to rent or sell their\nland and properties to multiple parties thereby creating disputes.\n\n\nPotential increase in HLP disputes in areas of return and relocation of IDPs and refugee returnees: The full scale of HLP\nissues across areas of South Sudan has not yet fully materialized given the scale of returns in comparison with the\ndisplaced population. However, with the gradual improvements in stability and implementation of the peace agreement\nthis is likely to change. Many IDPs and refugee returnees are reported to have had their houses and lands destroyed or\noccupied, which will likely lead to an increase in HLP disputes in these areas. Due to the lack of dispute mechanisms in\nplace, the risk of escalation of disputes is concerning and may result in outbreaks of violence.\n\n\nSensitivity of HLP issues: Discussion about land is still sensitive in parts of the country and must be appropriately\ncontextualized in each location. The sensitivities create barriers to fully resolve disputes and increases the risk of the use\nof violence for dispute resolution.\n\n\nComplexity of HLP issues: Addressing HLP issues requires a complex combination of legal, shelter, and other solutions\nfocused assistance which is rarely available across South Sudan. The realization of HLP rights is cross-cutting and requires\nmulti-sectoral approaches. Limited funding and short-term funding cycles undermine the implementation of\ncomprehensive activities for addressing HLP issues. This is particularly problematic in a context such as South Sudan\nwhere documentation to prove ownership of HLP is rarely available and long-standing disputes over HLP, both at the\nindividual and community level, are common.\n\n\nCOVID-19 and risk of forced evictions: COVID-19 presents increased risk of forced evictions and related HLP disputes due\nto premature returns from displacement sites, and increased complexity in coordinating and advocating on HLP issues.\nReduced income as a result of COVID-19 border closures and reduced trade leading to failure to pay rent, could lead to\nforced evictions in a number of instances, particularly in urban areas such as Juba. With the recognised increased risk of\nCOVID-19 in congested locations, South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring counties and IDPs living in PoCs or other\ndisplacement sites may try to return or relocate to less congested areas. Households choosing to leave displacement sites\ndue to an increased risk of COVID-19 are therefore likely to either return to areas of origin or habitual residence, or\nchoose to relocate to a third location, prematurely. In a number of instances, this is likely to mean households arrive to\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/adaf0b29-4142-3939-9798-846f3897e3b3/HLP%20TWG%20Note%20-%20HLP%20Challenges%20in%20South%20Sudan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "areas with no HLP, with destroyed HLP, or with others occupying their HLP. Given the restrictive measures on movement\ndue to COVID-19 situation and especial sanitation and health protocols to be followed by humanitarian agencies, this also\nmeans full HLP assessments or other activities will not be always possible.\n\nBarriers to women\u2019s land rights: The realization of women\u2019s HLP rights remains far from being achieved in South Sudan.\nWomen are especially affected because of cultural and social norms that hinder women\u2019s access to HLP related rights.\nThese norms prohibit women and girls from owning or inheriting HLP. Widows and separated/divorced women are often\nparticularly vulnerable because they may not be documented as heads of households with land tenure rights, thus being\nsubjected to forced marriages or obligated to stay in violent domestic situations in order to maintain access to HLP.\nDespite progressive improvements in related legislation, the lack of implementation of laws and commitment from\ngovernment structures to uphold laws undermines the legal provisions. This legal pluralism leads to women\u2019s statutory\nrights not being applicable in customary tenure.\n\n**Next steps and recommendations for the HLP Technical Working Group**\n\n\n - Support the development of progressive and nuanced national-level legislation, including continuous advocacy\nfor the review and adoption of the Draft Land Policy and the review of HLP related legal frameworks. As deemed\nnecessary, the HLP TWG should support advocacy at a national level through various methods and is already\nworking on key areas such as prevention of forced eviction.\n\n - Support the newly established National and State level Task Forces on Solutions with their advocacy at National\nand State levels on HLP issues and in supporting HLP solutions for those returning home spontaneously.\n\n - Consolidate and disseminate most useful/relevant tools and data collection frameworks, in addition to compiling\nand discussing best practices implemented by members.\n\n - Strengthen awareness raising activities, including among IDPs, refugee returnees and host communities, on HLPrelated issues in light of the possible increase of HLP issues with the returns and relocations of IDPs and refugee\nreturnees.\n\n - As part of protection monitoring, HLP monitoring should be included in all assessments, ensuring partners\ncontinue documenting issues and referring as needed to the Protection Cluster and HLP TWG.\n\n - Legal assistance remains a key activity requiring ongoing expansion and implementation across the country.\nWhile access to public institutions such as courts and Land Committees as well as other administration offices\nmay be fully or partially disrupted at this time, legal assistance services should be maintained whenever possible.\n\n - Capacity building support to customary court bodies should be undertaken to support rulings in line with\nrelevant legal frameworks.\n\n - Support agencies on HLP considerations in light of COVID-19 by providing short, accessible guidance notes,\ncommunication messages, and tailored support as needed.\n\n - Referral pathways should be developed between the Protection Cluster and S/NFI cluster for the referral of\ndamaged shelters, especially for persons with special protection concerns affected, but also with the other\nclusters, where HLP is cross cutting issue, like WASH, Health, Education.\n\n - Integration should be achieved with the National and State Level Task Forces on Solutions established by the\nMHADM and RRC to operationalize the Framework and Action Plan on Return, Reintegration and Relocation of\nDisplaced Persons.\n\n - Support HLP and shelter actors with rigorous awareness raising on and adherence to due diligence guidelines\nand the do no harm principle.\n\n - Support advocacy for the restructuring and alignment of customary and statutory land regimes to ensure that\nHLP rights of vulnerable groups (women/widows/divorced, child/youth-headed households, etc.) are protected.\n\n\n - END \n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/adaf0b29-4142-3939-9798-846f3897e3b3/HLP%20TWG%20Note%20-%20HLP%20Challenges%20in%20South%20Sudan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_433/raw/doc_433_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_433/raw/doc_433_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 02cb012776f9e78a70dbc3f37438bc652321a293..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_433/raw/doc_433_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n# Health Sector Humanitarian Response Strategy\n\n\n\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n##### **Table of Content**\n\n\n**1. Introduction ................\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 3**\n**2. Context ......... \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 3**\n**3. Overview of health needs and risks \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 4**\n**i. Health system performance \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 9**\n**ii. Target groups and areas\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026........ 10**\n**iii. Coordination ...\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 10**\n**iv. Strategic Intersections \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 11**\n**4. Goal ........\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 12**\n**5. Objectives ......\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 12**\n**6. Strategic Approaches ..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 13**\n**7. Key Overarching Principles/ Approaches\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026. 15**\n\nAnnex 1: Health Sector Budgetary Requirements 3RP 2017/2018 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026 19\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n##### **1. Introduction**\n\n\n\nIn early 2014, a Health Sector Strategic Advisory Group (SAG)\nfor the Humanitarian Response was formed to further support\n#### Syrian Refugees the work of the Health Sector Working Group in Jordan. One of Registered with the SAG\u2019s main tasks [1] was to develop the Health Sector\n\nHumanitarian Response Strategy, expanding upon the existing\n#### UNHCR response strategy and objectives present in the Syria Regional\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640** _Refugees Response Plan (3RP)_ . This was updated in late 2016 to\n##### Urban areas: 514,274 incorporate the latest response strategy, as well as reflect Camps: 141,070 significant changes made to the national health policy of\n\nprovision of services to registered Syrian refugees.\n##### **Female: 50.6%**\nThis document, which will be periodically updated, outlines the\n##### **Under 5 Y: 15.6 %**\ncontext of the humanitarian response in Jordan, particularly\n##### Above 60 Y: 3.7 % highlighting the Syrian refugee crisis and its implications on the\n\nnational health system. Virtually all the data and figures in the\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_ strategy are related to Syrian refugees, as a large number of\n_**December 31**_ _**[st]**_ _**2016**_\n\nassessments have been carried out with this population in\nrecent years. It is important to note, however, that the\nhumanitarian response in Jordan also addresses refugees of nationalities other than Syrian, as well\nas the affected vulnerable Jordanian population. In addition to Syrian refugees, Jordan is also host\nto a significant Iraqi, government estimate about 600,000 Iraqis reside in country while refugee\npopulation are about 60,000 and also to refugees of other nationalities (nearly 10,000), testament\nto the Kingdom\u2019s long history of providing safe haven to those fleeing strife in their homeland.\nover 1.2 million Syrians living in Jordan based on 2016 census data, the numbers of Syrians who\nhave sought refuge here (over 655,000 to date), and the resulting impact on the national\ninfrastructure has required ongoing humanitarian support. As the crisis continues, there is a need to\nshift focus from short-term interventions to longer and more sustainable ones, expanding national\ncapacity to respond to this, and future crises. During that transition, adequate health coverage must\ncontinue to be provided for all affected populations.\n\n\n#### Syrian Refugees Registered with UNHCR\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n##### **Urban areas: 514,274** **Camps: 141,070** **Female: 50.6%** **Under 5 Y: 15.6 %** **Above 60 Y: 3.7 %**\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_\n_**December 31**_ _**[st]**_ _**2016**_\n\n\n##### **2. Context**\n\nWithin the overall coordination approach to the Syrian refugee response in Jordan, the Health\nSector brings together different UN agencies, national and international NGOs, donors and\ngovernment actors who are all working to support the continued provision of essential health\nservices to Syrian refugee women, girls, boys and men.\nWith the Syrian crisis in its sixth year the evolving humanitarian context poses new demands on\nhealth systems in Jordan and consequently on the Health Sector. Planning and coordination need to\nbe strengthened even further to ensure an appropriate response. This includes strengthening\nnational capacity to cope with the increased numbers requiring health services; improving\n\n\n1\nJordan Refugee Response. Health Sector Strategic Advisory Group for the Humanitarian Response Terms of Reference August 2016.\n[http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=6354](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=6354)\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2016 census data", - "confidence": 0.9327999353408813, - "start": 414, - "end": 417 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9992671608924866, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5584877729415894, - "start": 414, - "end": 415 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.999028205871582, - "start": 414, - "end": 415 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9749875068664551, - "start": 408, - "end": 409 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees Registered with UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6400547623634338, - "start": 505, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6513124108314514, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.699499249458313, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8632780909538269, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9487091898918152, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9772435426712036, - "start": 505, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\ncollection and analysis of data and dissemination of information; emergency preparedness; and,\ncrucially, improving the alignment of international responses with national structures and\nstrengthening the link between the humanitarian and the development responses.\n\n\n_*Source: UNHCR Registration data \u2013 end December 2016_\n\n##### **3. Overview of health needs and risks**\n\n\nThe Syrian refugee health profile is contributes to the overall Jordanian health outlook, as the\ncountry faces an epidemiological transition to a high burden of **non-communicable diseases**\n(NCDs); 15.4 % of consultations in Zaatari in 2016 were for NCDs [2] (diabetes constituted 18%,\nhypertension 22% and asthma 13%). **Communicable diseases** also remain a public health concern\nwith a measles outbreak in Jordan in 2013 and an ongoing polio outbreak containment measures\nimplemented in the region; there have been 285 cases of tuberculosis diagnosed amongst Syrians\nliving in Jordan since March 2012 with four multidrug resistant cases [3] ; and increasing numbers of\nimported leishmaniasis in areas hosting large numbers of Syrians.\n\n\n2\nThis does not include consultations for mental health and injuries.\n3\nAs of end of December 2016\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Registration data", - "confidence": 0.9923722743988037, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8310469388961792, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.5028135180473328, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016_", - "confidence": 0.5969445705413818, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016_", - "confidence": 0.5675066709518433, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n\nThe immunization coverage especially of refugees outside of camps has been improved over last\nyears with over 93 % MMR coverage and 94% for Polio [4] . However, immunization coverage remains\na concern particularly in light of the polio outbreak in Syria and Iraq. The last virologically-confirmed\npolio case in Jordan was reported on 3 March 1992. There is a need to strengthen uptake of routine\nimmunization (Jordan has 11 vaccines in its schedule) to maintain the gains achieved during over\nlast years for both refugee and Jordanian children.\n\nCrude and under five mortality rates based on Zaatari data in 2016 were\n#### within expected ranges and comparable to Jordan\u2019s rates. Neonatal Morbidity\n\nmortality has reduced (from 14 deaths in Zaatari in 2015 compared to 10 **\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\nin 2016). Nevertheless, a newborn health baseline assessment [5] conducted\nin March 2016 in Zaatari and Azraq camps demonstrated the need to focus **15.4 % of consultations in**\non developing the capacity of health care provider, reinforced use of **Zaatari in 2016 were for**\nappropriate and effective lower technology interventions such as skin-to- **NCDs:**\nskin care and early initiation of breast-feeding. As well as improve - **18% diabetes**\nmanagement of both maternal and neonatal complications at camp level. - **22% hypertension**\n\n - **285 cases of TB since**\n\n**NCD** management is not always satisfactory, with inadequate monitoring,\n\n**March 2012**\n\nlack of a multidisciplinary approach and treatment interruptions.\nAccording to a survey conducted by UNHCR in December 2016 [6] in noncamp refugees among household members, 51% of survey households **least one patient with**\nwere reported to have at least one member with chronic condition and **chronic condition**\n36% of household members with chronic diseases reported difficulty\naccessing medicine or other health services. The main reasons mentioned\nfor inability to get care were costs (74%), long wait at the clinic (7%), and affording transport (19%).\nThe continuing challenges in adequately addressing NCDs have the potential to seriously impact\nboth quality of life and life expectancy amongst refugees. MoH, WHO, UNHCR and other health\nstakeholders have established a task force to improve NCD\n\n\n#### Morbidity\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n\n\n**15.4 % of consultations in**\n**Zaatari in 2016 were for**\n**NCDs:**\n\n- **18% diabetes**\n\n- **22% hypertension**\n\n- **285 cases of TB since**\n**March 2012**\n\n**51% of households have at**\n**least one patient with**\n**chronic condition**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Figure 2**_ _\u2013 Reasons for not receiving care for chronic diseases_ management amongst Syrians.\n\n\n4\nHealth Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2016\n5Newborn Health Baseline Assessment, UNHCR 2016\n6\nHealth Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2016\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Zaatari data", - "confidence": 0.998481810092926, - "start": 108, - "end": 110 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Crude and under five mortality rates", - "confidence": 0.9307006597518921, - "start": 100, - "end": 106 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.6550148129463196, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9871752858161926, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and Jordanian children", - "confidence": 0.6563147306442261, - "start": 95, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "newborn health baseline assessment", - "confidence": 0.983235239982605, - "start": 156, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari and Azraq camps", - "confidence": 0.8776372671127319, - "start": 168, - "end": 172 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9321114420890808, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9303451776504517, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8209599852561951, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9060704112052917, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.954005241394043, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health Access and Utilization Survey", - "confidence": 0.981101930141449, - "start": 561, - "end": 566 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.701729953289032, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9387592673301697, - "start": 567, - "end": 568 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.7587874531745911, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9828193783760071, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7555415034294128, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.8891581892967224, - "start": 558, - "end": 559 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n\n**Reproductive health** coverage has maintained at 100% of deliveries in\n#### Zaatari and Azraq in 2016 attended by a skilled attendant (compared to Reproductive\n\n96% on average throughout 2014). However, both complete antenatal\n#### care coverage (at least four visits) and tetanus toxoid coverage need Health\n\nimprovement. The proportion of deliveries in girls under the age of 18 **\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\nwas 12.3 % for 2016, which represents an increase compared to the - **100% of deliveries in**\naverage for 2015 of 9.5%. Girls under 18 are more likely to experience **Zaatari and Azraq in**\nobstetric and neonatal complications. A cross sectional health survey was **2016 attended by a**\nconducted among Syrian refugees living in Jordan, to assess refugee **skilled attendant**\n\n - **Amongst non-camp**\n\naccess and utilization of key health services. Key findings highlighted that\n51% of household members were female and 15% of the women were\n\n**in a health facility, of**\n\npregnant in the last two years, compared to only 4% in 2014; women had\n\n**which 41% were in a**\n\ndifficulty accessing ANC services. UNFPA reproductive health needs\n\n**private facility**\n\nassessment survey in Zaatari recommended continuation of community\n\n \noutreach activities with an emphasis on family planning programming\n\n**18 years old has**\n\nand improving health care seeking behavior to address reproductive\nhealth needs and decrease high risk pregnancies and associated\n\n**2015 to 12.3% in 2016**\n\ncomplications.\nMen place a key role in determining women\u2019s access to critical health\nservices, they need to be able to make informed decisions. Men as well as women need to know\nwhy ANC and skilled birth attendance are important, the risks associated with pregnancy and\nchildbirth, how to prepare for childbirth and how to recognize signs of complications. Health Sector\nactors need to link with Child Protection (CP) and strengthen interventions to reduce early\nmarriage. UNFPA continues to support Jordan Health Aid Society (JHAS) in providing basic\nemergency obstetric services in Zaatari and has progressively increased the capacity and resources\nto meet demands. While UNFPA, MoH and other key partners have worked extensively to improve\nthe clinical care for sexual assault survivors though development of guidelines, trainings, and\ndistribution of post-rape kits, there is still a need to improve quality of service in this field. Notably\nprogress has been made in terms of connecting health facilities to other services thanks to the child\nprotection and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) standard operating procedures. Messaging\non SGBV is very sensitive and community and provider knowledge continues to be limited, however\nextensive efforts have been implemented at the inter-agency level to improve knowledge of SGBV\nresponse services and access to health services.\nAccording to the UNHCR survey in non-camp refugees among women and girls aged between 14 and\n49 years, 40 % were pregnant at least once in the past two years while in Jordan, and of those who\nhad delivered in Jordan, 98% delivered in a health facility \u2013 41%of those, in a private facility. A range\nof factors could explain the use of private facilities for deliveries including administrative barriers for\nregistered refugees, lack of knowledge of available services, shortage of female doctors in the public\nsector and preference for private care. UNFPA with MoH and other stakeholders also supports\nreproductive health services. UNFPA work\u2019s on youth is to ensure that comprehensive health\nawareness and services are provided to accelerate youth\u2019s potential and development to the highest\nlevel. UNFPA strategic contribution commitment to youth has five areas; Evidence based advocacy,\npromote comprehensive sexuality education, SRH service delivery, reach marginalized and\ndisadvantage youth, and promote youth leadership and participation.\n\n\n#### Reproductive Health\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n- **100% of deliveries in**\n**Zaatari and Azraq in**\n**2016 attended by a**\n**skilled attendant**\n\n- **Amongst non-camp**\n**refugees 98% delivered**\n**in a health facility, of**\n**which 41% were in a**\n**private facility**\n\n- **Deliveries in girls under**\n**18 years old has**\n**increased from 9.5 % in**\n**2015 to 12.3% in 2016**\n\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cross sectional health survey", - "confidence": 0.9532520771026611, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.736432671546936, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9962127208709717, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9109634757041931, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment survey", - "confidence": 0.8287162184715271, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6516224145889282, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.8712819814682007, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari", - "confidence": 0.7601296305656433, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5678627490997314, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5504463911056519, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9499481916427612, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR survey", - "confidence": 0.9206537008285522, - "start": 547, - "end": 549 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9167940616607666, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8948206305503845, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9926163554191589, - "start": 577, - "end": 578 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp refugees", - "confidence": 0.6723167300224304, - "start": 550, - "end": 552 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n**People with disabilities** and **elderly persons** are under-represented in UNHCR\u2019s registration\ndatabase and more needs to be done to ensure that registration data is disaggregated by age and\ndisability in order to better plan services and ensure equitable access to services for these persons\nwith specific needs. According to the Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment,\n22% of Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon have an impairment (physical, visual, auditory,\nintellectual/cognitive and/or mental). People with disabilities often experience specific barriers to\naccessing health services including physical barriers at health centers, lack of understanding of staff\nregarding their health-concerns, and long distances to health care centers coupled with the high\ncost of transport.\n**The significant prevalence of disability amongst Syrian refugees in Jordan** can be attributed to a\nvariety of factors including the large numbers affected by war-related injuries, high burden of\nchronic NCDs, congenital and early-onset conditions (such as cerebral palsy), complications arising\nfrom untreated (or inadequately treated) conditions (for example, pressure sores, urinary tract\ninfections and other conditions arising from inadequate nursing care in acute settings).\nSpecific medical and rehabilitation services are currently inadequate. More robust prevalence data\ndisaggregated by age and type of impairment would be useful in better tailoring services. Disability\nand age-disaggregated data needs to be collected during registration, needs assessment and during\nregular project monitoring and evaluations done by all actors.\nA Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment [7] reported that 8% of refugees in Jordan\nhave a significant **injury** of which 90% were conflict-related. Men accounted for 72% of the injured\npersons with the highest proportion of injuries found amongst those aged 30 to 60 years. The\nsignificant impact of injuries on men of productive age increases the vulnerability of entire\nhouseholds. The capacity to address the health needs of the war-wounded has increased\nsubstantially, particularly emergency stabilization, acute surgery, and rehabilitation (physical and\npsychosocial). However, there are major gaps remaining, particularly related to post-operative care,\nhome nursing, medium to longer term rehabilitation (including assistive devices) and communitybased rehabilitation. More attention must also be paid to the ongoing care and treatment of\ncommon conditions (e.g. pressure sores) experienced by people after complicated trauma (e.g.\nspinal cord injuries and other neurological trauma) that can quickly become life-threatening. Better\npatient education, longer-term rehabilitation, and **home-based care models** can drastically reduce\nmorbidity and mortality despite the complexity of these injuries. [8]\n\n\n7 Handicap International/HelpAge International. Hidden victims of the Syrian crisis: disabled, injured and older refugees 2014\n8 Burns and O\u2019Connel. _The challenge of spinal cord injury care in the developing world_ . J Spinal Cord Med _._ 2012 Jan; 35(1): 3\u20138.\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\u2019s registration\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.8515125513076782, - "start": 19, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "registration\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.72945237159729, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9671555161476135, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "People with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9334731698036194, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment", - "confidence": 0.9946685433387756, - "start": 63, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan and Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7889833450317383, - "start": 76, - "end": 79 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9695884585380554, - "start": 73, - "end": 75 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "prevalence data", - "confidence": 0.9493179321289062, - "start": 232, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8939433693885803, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Handicap International/HelpAge International assessment", - "confidence": 0.9141188263893127, - "start": 275, - "end": 281 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7725831866264343, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7385943531990051, - "start": 289, - "end": 290 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n\n**Elderly Syrian refugees** can face significant challenges in accessing health\n#### services due to, inter alia, restricted mobility and need for support for Mental Health\n\nactivities of daily living. A recent review of home-assessment data of the\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\nmost vulnerable families, reported that four and a half per cent of the\nvisited refugee population were over the age of 60, compared to 3.6% in\n\n \nthe entire Syrian refugee population outside camps. While April 2015\nalmost two-thirds of these live in formal housing, 22% live in tents or\n\n**in 2014 in camps**\n\nspontaneous settlements and 11% live in other informal housing. Seven - **26% epilepsy**\nout of ten face living conditions assessed as bad or urgent. These - **32% severe emotional**\nrepresent a small but highly vulnerable group amongst Syrian refugees in **disorder**\nJordan. [9] - **14.5% psychotic**\n\n**disorder**\n\nIt has been recently highlighted that children with developmental\ndifficulties/disabilities particularly those with \u201cmild to moderate\ndisabilities\u201d, are not identified until they reach school age in camps and\nhost community. Those children require special attention in terms of health, medical and nutritional\nneeds to support their survival, development and growth. Hence, systems for early identification of\nthese vulnerable cases are required in order to facilitate timely access to health, nutrition and other\nsocial services to support the development of all children are required in humanitarian settings\n\n**Mental health** problems remain a significant concern for refugees in Jordan. There were 15,763\nconsultations for mental health disorders in camps in 2016 (27% for epilepsy/ seizures, 14% for\ndepressive disorder, 11% for anxiety disorder and 9% for psychotic disorder). Also there were more\nthan 28,886 consultations for mental health disorders in urban in 2016 (27% for depressive\ndisorder, 24% for psychotic disorder, 19% for anxiety disorder, 15% for epilepsy/ seizures and 7%\nfor post-traumatic stress disorder).\n\n\n#### Mental Health\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n\n\n\n- **19,511 consultations for**\n**mental health disorders**\n**in 2014 in camps**\n\n- **26% epilepsy**\n\n- **32% severe emotional**\n**disorder**\n\n- **14.5% psychotic**\n**disorder**\n\n\n\nIn general, there is an over-emphasis on stand-alone interventions, focus on trauma and less focus\non delivering comprehensive, integrated services, and on supporting natural coping strategies and\nfamily/community resiliency. Furthermore, the geographic coverage of services needs to be\nwidened. Integrated MHPSS within other health service provided can lead to a better response and\nless stigma. Support for developmental disorders and the parents of children with developmental\ndisorders is still a need.\n\nThe acute **malnutrition** prevalence among refugees is low with the survey results show a level of\nGlobal Acute Malnutrition (GAM) (WHZ<-2 z-scores and/or edema) for the three survey sites, with\nrespectively 2.7% (95% CI 1.4-5.0), 1.9% (95% CI 0.9-4.2) and 1.8% (95% CI 1.0-3.4) for Za\u2019atri camp,\nAzraq camp and in host communities. [10]\nAnemia in women of reproductive age has improved over last years but still at concern, in Zaatari\ncamp was high at 44.7% in 2014 while ANC data in 2016 showed that only 12.2% of pregnant women\nwere suffering from Anemia. There is a need to expand anemia prevention and treatment initiatives\nin all service provision places and ensure access to other critical micronutrients including continue\nthe provision of food vouchers in both camps and host community and continue the distribution of\n\n9\nUNHCR, Living in the Shadows: Jordan Home Visit Report, 2014.\n\n10 UNHCR/UNICEF/WFP/MOH/SCJ. Nutrition Survey Findings. November 2016.\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "home-assessment data", - "confidence": 0.9989619255065918, - "start": 45, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8295867443084717, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5732521414756775, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.566627562046051, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5992371439933777, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "systems", - "confidence": 0.7824776768684387, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5176584124565125, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.737342357635498, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7307870388031006, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consultations for mental health disorders in camps", - "confidence": 0.8183544874191284, - "start": 315, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.6973311901092529, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9474409222602844, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9224870204925537, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consultations for mental health disorders in urban", - "confidence": 0.5198580026626587, - "start": 359, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.682663083076477, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6000230312347412, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS", - "confidence": 0.5746319890022278, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5643919110298157, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Za\u2019atri", - "confidence": 0.5558196306228638, - "start": 647, - "end": 650 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9359801411628723, - "start": 566, - "end": 567 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ANC data", - "confidence": 0.9892352223396301, - "start": 691, - "end": 693 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari\ncamp", - "confidence": 0.8535436987876892, - "start": 679, - "end": 681 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7052931785583496, - "start": 694, - "end": 695 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7900137901306152, - "start": 689, - "end": 690 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "pregnant women", - "confidence": 0.9863694906234741, - "start": 703, - "end": 705 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jordan Home Visit Report", - "confidence": 0.961521327495575, - "start": 759, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8127392530441284, - "start": 762, - "end": 763 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9878296852111816, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5204355716705322, - "start": 782, - "end": 783 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6372688412666321, - "start": 764, - "end": 765 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\nfortified flour and fortified bread in the camps. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices were\npoor pre-conflict including early weaning, and inappropriate complementary feeding practices.\nDespite the low acute malnutrition, levels will continue screening with Mid-Upper Arm Circumference\n(MUAC) in light of the economic deterioration, food security and nutrition status.\n\n\n\nUntil the end of November 2014, MoH maintained a policy of free access to primary and secondary\ncare in their facilities for registered Syrians living outside of camps. Following a decision made by\nthe Cabinet in November 2014, registered Syrian refugees outside of camps now have to pay the\nuninsured Jordanian rates at MoH facilities. This subsidized rate (around 35 \u2013 60% of what other\nnon-Jordanians pay), while manageable for most refugees and those patients with long-term, costly\nchronic conditions, will nevertheless pose a problem for the most vulnerable and those patients\nwith long-term, costly chronic conditions. In the wake of this change,\n#### UNHCR issued a new policy to mitigate its immediate effects. Services Information\n\nare targeted towards the most vulnerable but SGBV, mental health,\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\nmalnutrition in children, neonatal complications and obstetric\nemergencies will be supported for all. More information is needed on\n\n**70% refugees aware of**\n\nthe impacts of the change in policy before redesigning health service\n\n**subsidized access to public**\n\nsupport. Restriction of movement for women and girls may limit their\n\n**health services**\n\naccess to health services, while lack of female providers for\nreproductive health services, though improved is also a barrier. HAUS **52% refugees know they**\n2016 [11] have also shown that refugees have trouble accessing health **can be assisted through**\nservices when only 30% of those who need health services actively **UNHCR partner clinics if**\nsought services. **they can\u2019t access**\n\n**government health services**\n\nRefugees continue to cite lack of **information on health services** as a\nmajor problem. HAUS Survey demonstrated that only 70% of\nrespondents in urban setting aware of subsidized access to public health services while 52% were\naware of free access through UNHCR supported services. Only 47% of urban refugees were able to\ndetect the nearest clinic.\n\n**Secondary and tertiary care** requires a continued high level of funding to ensure access to essential\ncare such as normal and assisted deliveries, caesarean sections, war injuries, congenital\nabnormalities including cardiac abnormalities and renal failure. Costly complex treatments such as\ncertain types of cancer cannot be supported with available resources necessitating difficult choices\nrelating to resource allocation. In particular, access to critical reproductive health services has been\nimpacted by the withdrawal of free services.\n**The MoH** \u2019s critical role in providing refugee health services needs to be recognized and supported.\nFacilities in areas hosting large numbers of refugees are often overburdened. HAUS survey\nrevealed an increase in percent of Syrians who sought care at MOH facilities in 2016 (28% in first\nfacility and 57% in second facility) compared to 2015 (23.9 in first facility and 42.9 in second\nfacility). This manifests in shortages of medications \u2013 especially those for chronic diseases \u2013 and\nbeds, overworked staff and short consultation times. This increased burden also fosters resentment\n\n\n#### Information\n\n\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n\n\n\n**70% refugees aware of**\n**subsidized access to public**\n**health services**\n\n**52% refugees know they**\n**can be assisted through**\n**UNHCR partner clinics if**\n**they can\u2019t access**\n**government health services**\n\n\n\n11 Health Access and Utilization Survey, UNHCR 2016\n\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HAUS Survey", - "confidence": 0.9900458455085754, - "start": 390, - "end": 392 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8598886132240295, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HAUS", - "confidence": 0.6335049867630005, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban setting", - "confidence": 0.9156708121299744, - "start": 400, - "end": 402 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8597932457923889, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9554228782653809, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HAUS survey", - "confidence": 0.9940187931060791, - "start": 556, - "end": 558 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8412899971008301, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6211398839950562, - "start": 588, - "end": 589 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9746119379997253, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9721102714538574, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\namongst the Jordanian population. National capacity to provide inpatient management with focus\non most affected areas including maternal, neonatal, critical care and pediatrics. The health\ninformation system in urban settings needs to be integrated nationwide and to be able to routinely\ndisaggregate Syrians and Jordanians.\n\nAt community level, coverage of **outreach and Syrian community involvement** in the promotion or\nprovision of health services is insufficient; Amman has one community health volunteer per 2000\nrefugees (target >1 per 1000).Syrian refugee providers remain outside of the mainstream\ncoordination mechanisms. This undermines Syrian access and coverage of key services, community\ncapacity building, self-reliance and the ability to withstand future adversity. There is a need for\ngreater access of refugees to information and enhanced refugee participation and engagement in\nidentification of health and disability related needs, provision of information and linkages with\nhealth and rehabilitation services.\nWhile the focus of the international and donor community in Jordan is on the large numbers of\nSyrian refugees. Refugees of other nationalities also constitute a significant number of persons of\nconcern. Care needs to be taken to ensure that they are also being provided with enough\ninformation on their rights to access health care and are receiving assistance as appropriate from\nMoH, UN agencies and NGOs.\n\n**i. Health system performance**\nDemand on the public sector as well as NGO-supported clinics continues to grow. Even though the\nservices are no longer free of charge they are still highly subsidized. This continues to be a\nconsiderable burden on MoH facilities which will require significant additional support to be\nsustained.\n\nFrequent shortages of supplies (medicines, family planning commodities and medical equipment)\nexacerbated by the refugee influx have been reported. Furthermore the pressure on existing\ninfrastructure continues to grow. Bed occupancy in many northern hospitals is continually close to\n100 percent. The worst affected are critical care beds such as intensive care, coronary care and\nneonatal intensive care.\nMoH immunization capacity was strengthened with in-kind support of cold chain equipment,\nvaccines and capacity building support provided by UNICEF, essential supplies supported by WHO\nand equipment supported by UNHCR. The MoH has also partnered with Med\u00e9cins Sans Frontiers\nand opened a trauma surgery facility in Ramtha Public Hospital for the management of injured\nSyrians crossing the border. In addition, MoH, with the support of WHO Jordan has begun creating\nweekly epidemiological bulletins that highlight the key communicable disease related issues that\nhave arisen in Jordan in the previous week.\nMoH with the support of UNFPA provides family planning methods for the affected population in\nJordan.\n\n\n10 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ii. Target groups and areas**\n\nThere are two main population groups of concern: refugees (Syrians \u2013 over\n655,344 women, girls, boys and men registered with UNHCR; Iraqis \u2013 over\n61,004 women, girls, boys and men registered with UNHCR; Sudanese,\nSomalis and others \u2013 over 11,073 women, girls, boys and men registered\nwith UNHCR); and affected host community.\nAs of end December 2016, the geographical distribution of Syrian refugees\nper governorate is as follows: over 180,026 in Amman (27.5%), 179,739 in\nMafraq (24.2%, including nearly 79,000 in Zaatari camp); over 136,000 in\nIrbid (20.8%); and over 109,000 in Zarqa (16.8%, including over 54,077 in\nAzraq camp and 7,442 in EJC).\nThe geographic focus on northern governorates is important, but attention\nwill also be given to the acute health sector challenges faced in a number\nof middle and southern zone governorates. [12]\n\n\n\nJanuary 2017\n\n#### Other Refugees 72,077\n\n**\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640**\n**61, 004 Iraqis**\n\n\n**5,697 Yemeni**\n\n\n**3,266 Sudanese**\n\n\n**773 Somali**\n\n\n**1,355 other nationalities**\n\n\n_***Source: UNHCR registration data**_\n_**December 31st 2016**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|No.|Population group|Total Population|\n|---|---|---|\n|1|**Camp refugees**|141,070|\n|2|**Non-camp refugees**|514,274|\n|3|**Other affected population**|600,00013|\n|4|**Refugee children under five**|103,000|\n|5|**Refugee women of reproductive age**|148,000|\n|6|**Adolescents**|118,000|\n|7|**Pregnant women and lactating**
**women**|32,750|\n|8|**Refugees with impairment and**
**disabilities**|144,000|\n|9|**Refugees with injuries**|52,400|\n\n\n_Table 1 \u2013 Estimated target populations based on end of 2016 projections_\n\n\n**iii. Coordination**\nCoordination is an essential part of the humanitarian response, with the aim of avoiding\nunnecessary duplication of service delivery and identifying gaps where services are most needed.\nCoordination platforms at national and field levels have been strengthened with increasing\nutilization of data and survey results to ensure gaps and emerging needs are addressed. In\ntransitioning from humanitarian relief in the Syrian refugee context there is a need to link with the\nbroader development initiatives in-country. This will entail stronger coordination both within and\nbetween the humanitarian and development sectors at all levels; health sector mapping of all\ndevelopment initiatives and the relationship between the humanitarian effort and development\n\n\n12 Such as Zarqa, Maadaba, Balqa, Maan, Karak and Tafilah\n13 This include Non UNHCR registered Refugees\n\n\n11 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugees with injuries", - "confidence": 0.5483705401420593, - "start": 452, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9230760931968689, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\nefforts, and elaboration of longer-term plans to strengthen gaps highlighted by the humanitarian\nsituation.\n\n\nIn early 2014, a Strategic Advisory Group was created to provide technical and strategic support to\nand increase ownership and joint accountability within the Health Sector. Currently, the Health\nSector is comprised of a main working group and two sub-working groups (Nutrition and\nReproductive Health); a third sub-working group, Mental Health and Psycho-Social Support, falls\nunder both the Protection and Health Sectors. In late 2013, a Community Health Task Force was\nalso formed, to harmonize the approach to community health, including developing a Community\nHealth strategy and reaching consensus on the definition and main tasks of Community Health\nVolunteers; in early 2014, a NCD Task Force was formed to support MoH in increasing the response\ncapacity for NCDs, and for actors to share experiences and consolidate NCD interventions.\nGender focal points within the sector will assist in ensuring that the differential needs of women,\ngirls, boys and men are considered throughout the response. Together with the other actors in the\nhealth sector the gender focal points will identify gaps and challenges in gender equality to\npromote a gender-responsive environment and reduce or eliminate gender-based discrimination in\nhealth related programs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1Also reports to the protection sector\n\n\n_**Figure 5**_ _\u2013 Health sector Coordination structure_\n\n\n**iv. Strategic Intersections**\nThe Health Sector liaises with other sectors including Cash, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)\nand SGBV, to ensure consistency in programming and mutual assistance in meeting objectives.\nEmergency cash assistance can be used to meet health sector objectives by supporting transport to\nand from health services or covering some costs not able to be covered elsewhere. There are clear\n\n\n12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\nlinkages between WASH services, Education, protection and health status. Gender-based violence\nrequires a multi-sectoral response with health services being integral to the detection, prevention\nand response to GBV and increasing attention to mainstream Early Childhood Development (ECD)\nearly detection and early initiation through PHC systems and services.\nThe Health Sector will take account of the different needs of women, girls, boys and men, recognize\nthe potential barriers they may face in accessing services and ensure that women, girls boys and\nmen can access health services equally. This will be assessed, integrated, monitored and evaluation\nthroughout all stages of the response.\n\n##### **4. Goal**\n\n\nReduce excess morbidity and mortality amongst Syrian refugees through initiatives which\nstrengthen national health systems, build Syrian community capacity and continue to ensure host\ncommunity access to health services.\n\n##### **5. Objectives**\n\n\nTo support the continued provision of essential health services, major needs and priorities have\nbeen identified at community level, primary health care level, secondary and tertiary care and the\nnational health system. In order to achieve the broader health sector goals, the Health Sector will\nframe its response in Jordan according to the following objectives.\n\n**1. Enhance access, uptake and quality of primary health care for Syrian women, girls, boys and**\n**men and Jordanian populations in high impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Management of communicable diseases, including Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)\nservices in place.\nii. Management of common non-communicable diseases strengthened\niii. Comprehensive RMNCAH health services provided to Syrian refugees and affected Jordanian\npopulation\niv. Promotion of healthy life styles and empowerment of young people to make responsible\ndecisions through interactive youth friendly methods and tools.\nv. Increased availability of safe and confidential GBV related medical services\nvi. Appropriate nutrition, better parenting, early child care and development (ECD) and IYCF feeding\npractices promoted\nvii. Improved access to mental health services at the primary health level\n\n**2. Enhance equitable access, uptake and quality of secondary and tertiary health care for Syrian**\n**women, girls, boys and men and Jordanian populations in high impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Referral system for secondary and tertiary care supported\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\nii. Secondary mental health services provided\niii. Physical rehabilitation (occupational and physical therapy) for persons with injuries and/or\ndisabilities provided\niv. Access to emergency obstetric care provided\nv. Facility based convalescent and longer term post-operative care provided for those with injuries\nand complex or multiple impairments\n\n**3. Improve comprehensive health care through integrated community interventions including**\n**rehabilitation services for Syrian women, girls, boys and men and Jordanian populations in high**\n**impact areas.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Community health volunteer teams and referral system in place\nii. Community level nursing for those with injuries and complex or multiple impairments provided\niii. Community management of acute malnutrition programs implemented and monitored\niv. Community level rehabilitation provided\nv. Community level mental health services provided\nvi. Community health volunteers influence behavior change through communication, health\neducation and promotion to raise awareness on preventable diseases.\n\n**4. Contribute to strengthening national health systems to increase adaptive capacity to current**\n**and future stresses.**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Access to primary and essential secondary and tertiary health care supported through equipment,\nfinancial support, medication and medical supplies especially essential chronic disease drugs\nii. Strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanism to ensure accountability of partners in\nimplementing interventions.\niii. Capacity building MoH services and staff as well as other national actors developed\n\n**5. Improve and monitor access of non-Syrian refugees to primary, secondary and tertiary health**\n**care services**\n\nExpected outputs:\ni. Access to primary, secondary and tertiary health care services for Iraqi and other non-Syrian\nrefugees is supported\n\n##### **6. Strategic Approaches**\n\n\nThe overall aims in the 2017/2018 response are to maintain the low mortality rates and address the\nmain causes of morbidity by promoting access to essential services. The response strategy will be\nthroughout the refugee cycle from arrival to durable solutions and will consist of the following:\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n1. Respond to immediate health needs of new arrivals including those with injuries, NCDs, pregnant\nwomen and other specific needs.\n2. Continue the provision and facilitation of access to comprehensive primary and essential\nsecondary and tertiary health services both in and out of camps and strengthen the community\nhealth approach.\n3. Strengthen the capacity of the national health system in most affected areas to respond to the\ncurrent crisis, withstand future shocks and meet associated needs of the Jordanian population.\n\nThe response strategy in Zaatari and Azraq camps will be to ensure effective coordination to\naddress gaps, including logistical and human resources support to MoH in order to strengthen their\nlead coordination role; continued monitoring of refugee health status, coverage and access\nespecially for the most vulnerable; and promoting linkages with national health systems so that\nsupport will go to nearby MoH facilities where possible rather than creating high-level systems\ninside the camps.\nIn response to the withdrawal of free health services by the Ministry of Health and the expected\nreduction in humanitarian resources, health agencies should be developing mechanisms to target\nassistance towards those most in need. Parallel services will need to be continued for those who\ncannot access Ministry of Health services at the subsidized rate (either not eligible or cannot afford)\nbut should ideally be directed towards the most vulnerable. Health agencies should coordinate to\ndevelop harmonized systems of vulnerability identification and provision of assistance. Access to\nhealth services could also be supported by demand side financing initiatives.\n\nIn relation to SGBV, health care providers play an important role in receiving disclosure from\nsurvivors and provide critical clinical management and referral. This will be strengthened through\ntraining and improved monitoring in coordination with the Protection Sector, SGBV sub-sectors,\nFamily Protection Department, and other relevant national institutions, including through the full\nimplementation of the CP and SGBV standard operating procedures. Critical gaps outside the camps\nwhich are not able to be met by the MoH will be met through further supporting NGO clinics and\nsupport for referrals. Continued support to NGOs to relieve the burden on MoH facilities is needed\nuntil the MoH facilities are able to manage the increased workload. UNFPA and UNICEF will be\nsupporting MoH to develop a complete Clinical Management of Rape Survivors protocol in line with\ninternationally defined standards. A health information system has been introduced in UNHCRsupported NGO facilities in order to contribute to the available data on Syrians, including data\ndisaggregated by gender and age. This in combination with the recently established GBV\nInformation Management System, coordinated by UNHCR and UNFPA, will be able to provide\nincreased information of trends and SGBV as well as gaps in service provision. Women are by far the\ndominant users of the case-management services of SGBV. Girls use these services to a limited\nextent: this is not consistent with data about needs. Men started to use these services in small\nnumbers; and boys rarely use the services. To further address reproductive health needs for youth,\na special emphasis will be set on promoting reproductive health services and rights of young\npeople, especially young women and girls, reinforcement of youth peer network among the refugee\npopulation in the camp and the provision of youth-friendly health services. In both camp and noncamp populations two additional approaches will be developed. Firstly, a strategy to strengthen\nrefugee participation and engagement in provision of information and selected health services (e.g.\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health information system", - "confidence": 0.9625855684280396, - "start": 420, - "end": 423 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data\ndisaggregated by gender and age", - "confidence": 0.5637997984886169, - "start": 442, - "end": 448 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.8208756446838379, - "start": 439, - "end": 440 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV\nInformation Management System", - "confidence": 0.9783168435096741, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "case-management services", - "confidence": 0.5204053521156311, - "start": 495, - "end": 497 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.70233553647995, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\ndiarrhea management with oral rehydration solution, behavior change communication, MUAC\nscreening, referral to primary health care centers), by training and supporting male and female\ncommunity health volunteers, will be developed by agencies working in the Health Sector and\nresources sought for this. Secondly, vulnerability identification and scoring will be improved with\nthe aim of better targeting and reaching those most vulnerable with essential services and\nassistance and monitoring of assistance against needs. Vulnerability assessments will be shared\nacross partners, and will include questions on a range of vulnerabilities related to economic factors\nand well as physical and social factors, such as age and disability.\nThe Health Sector will continue, in a coordinated manner, to conduct assessments of needs and\ncapacities (including refugee women, girls, boys and men), coverage and impact (gender\ndisaggregated), as well as ensure periodic monitoring and evaluation and the availability of the\nnecessary information to inform strategic planning processes. In particular the observed gender\ndifferences in mental health consultations (more males than females), psychiatric admissions (more\nfemales than males) and injuries (more males than females) will be explored to determine if this\nrepresents a morbidity pattern or differential access.\nFor refugees in non-camp settings the national system will be supported through adequate human\nresources in areas most affected by Syrians, essential medicines, supplies, equipment and critical\ninfrastructural improvements, and performance-based incentives for staff. Specific capacity gaps\nwill be addressed though training and development of work plans with partners, such as inpatient\nmanagement of acute malnutrition, clinical management of SGBV, integration of mental health into\nprimary health care; or through staff secondment or human resources support, such as for chronic\ndisease management and specialized trauma surgery. A network of clinics and other services will be\nsupported to meet the needs of those Syrian refugees unable to access MoH facilities for primary\nand secondary care.\nThe following need to be strengthened: post-operative/convalescent care and rehabilitation for\nwar-wounded persons; services for children with sensory impairments and intellectual disabilities;\nand infant and young child feeding. Essential secondary and tertiary care, including emergency\nobstetrics not covered by MoH, needs significant funding to ensure access throughout 2016. Clinics\noperated through NGOs will continue to focus on areas not currently widely available in the\nnational health system (such as mental health and SGBV responses) for Syrian refugees outside of\nthe camps. Furthermore demand side financing mechanisms such as cash to offset the cost of\naccessing health services will continue in order to facilitate cost-effective access to Ministry of\nHealth services.\nCertain gaps are beyond the capacity of the Health Sector to address, including the MoH restrictions\non hiring new staff which limits their ability to respond to the increased workload, or major\ninfrastructure gaps. Furthermore, humanitarian funding channels often preclude general budgetary\nsupport to the MoH but require funds to be channeled through humanitarian partners and in-kind\nsupport.\n\n\n16 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability assessments", - "confidence": 0.9809807538986206, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "vulnerability identification and scoring", - "confidence": 0.7324545383453369, - "start": 53, - "end": 57 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national system", - "confidence": 0.8346769213676453, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8265849351882935, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n##### **7. Key Overarching Approaches**\n\n\n**i.** **Use of inter-agency health and reproductive health kits (IAHK, RHK)**\n\n- The use of Inter-agency Health Kits is no longer required and agencies should be using\nprocurement based on consumption and local morbidity patterns.\n\n- RH kits can be used for emergency preparedness and response to critical gaps but only the Clinical\nManagement of Sexual Violence kit is suitable for ongoing needs due to the very specific drugs\nprovided.\n\n**ii.** **Comprehensive Reproductive Health programming**\n\n- As the crisis is in its sixth year the emphasis in reproductive health should be on comprehensive\nprogramming.\n\n- Developing the capacity of health care providers on sexual reproductive health (SRH), SexualGender based Violence (S-GBV), Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) and Clinical Management\nof Rape (CMR) will remain an essential component in preparedness.\n\n- Availability of comprehensive emergency obstetrical services inside the camps needs to be\nsecured\n\n- Family planning programming inside and outside the camps should be scaled up including\nlinkages between general health providers, community health volunteers and different level of\nservices to enhance referral and reduce missed opportunities\n\n- Post abortion care and counselling is important to improve maternal health and reduce\nmaternal morbidity\n\n- Strengthening Reproductive health care providers\u2019 capacity to respond to complicated cases and\nenhancing clinical skills, quality and scope.\n**iii.** **Balance between Health Systems Strengthening and Services Delivery**\n\n- Focus on strengthening of existing national health systems whilst still ensuring services for\nrefugees are maintained or strengthened\n\n- The Syrian crisis can be used to strengthen key components of national responses in key areas\ne.g. GBV response, neonatal care, nutrition, mental health, rehabilitation, NCD management\nand emergency preparedness.\n\n**iv.** **Support equitable and sustainable transition to access health services**\n\n- A country specific essential health package for Syrian refugees will be developed in order to\nestablish a minimum agreed package for Syrians. The essential package will need to include:\n\n- Primary health care; Routine EPI\n\n- Curative health care for main causes of morbidity and mortality\n\n- Preventative health care for main causes of morbidity and mortality\n\n- Comprehensive reproductive health care with emphasis on identified priorities\n\n- Community health with emphasis on identified priorities\n\n- Disability related health services\n\n- Nutrition\n\n- Mental health\n\n\n17 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n- Communication for development in priority areas\n\n- Gender mainstream in all of the above activities by using gender analysis\n\n**v.** **Essential medicines and drug donations**\n\n- Adhere to WHO _\u2019s_ Interagency Guidelines: Guidelines for medicine donations - revised 2010. Third\n[edition, 2011.(http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501989_eng.pdf )](http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501989_eng.pdf)\n\n**vi. Guiding documents**\n\n\ni. Jordan Response Plan 2017/2019\nii. Technical Standards Applicable: UNHCR\u2019s Essential Medicines and Medical Supplies Policy\nand Guidance.\na. [2011. (http://www.unhcr.org/4f707faf9.pdf)](http://www.unhcr.org/4f707faf9.pdf)\nb. [2013. (http://www.unhcr.org/527baab09.pdf](http://www.unhcr.org/527baab09.pdf)\niii. Ensuring Access to Health Care: Operational Guidance on Refugee Protection and Solutions\n[in Urban Areas. 2011. UNHCR (http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e27d8622.html)](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e27d8622.html)\niv. UNHCR\u2019s Principles and Guidance for Referral Health Care for Refugees and Other Persons\n[of Concern. 2009. (http://www.unhcr.org/4b4c4fca9.html)](http://www.unhcr.org/4b4c4fca9.html)\nv. UNHCR Regional Public Health and Nutrition Strategy for Syrian Refugees EGYPT, IRAQ,\nJORDAN, LEBANON AND TURKEY 2016 \u2013 2017\nvi. The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian\n[Response. 2011.(http://www.sphereproject.org/handbook/)](http://www.sphereproject.org/handbook/)\nvii. [UNHCR's Health Information System http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646ce0.html](http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646ce0.html)\nviii. Core Commitments for Children in Emergencies, Health, UNICEF.\n[(http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-](http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)\n[%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)](http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/UNICEF/UNICEF1%20-%20Core%20commitments%20for%20children%20in%20emergencies.pdf)\nix. [WHO,UNHCR,UNFPA:http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/97](http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/9789241598576/en/)\n[89241598576/en/](http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/9789241598576/en/)\nx. Standard Operating Procedures for Emergency Response to Gender Based Violence and\nChild Protection in Jordan,2015\nxi. Inter-Agency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings,2011\nxii. Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations\nxiii. Refocusing Family Planning in Refugee Settings: Findings and Recommendations from a\nmulti-Country Baseline Study, November 2011 UNFPA Operational Guidance for\nComprehensive Sexuality Education: A Focus on Human Rights and Gender,2014\nxiv. IPPF, UNFPA, WHO, The Interagency Working Group on SRH and HIV Linkages SRH and HIV\nLinkages Compendium: Indicators and Related Assessment Tools ::\n[http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-](http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-related-assessment-tools#sthash)\n[related-assessment-tools#sthash .wWHqlNY4.dpuf, 2014](http://www.unfpa.org/publications/srh-and-hiv-linkages-compendium-indicators-and-related-assessment-tools#sthash)\n\n\n18 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "January 2017\n\n\n\nAnnex 1: Health Sector Budgetary Requirements 3RP 2017-2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|NO|Organization|Budget 2017|Col4|Budget 2018|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**NO**|**Organization**|**Resilience**|**Refugees**|**Resilience**|**Refugees**|\n|**1 **|**IOM**|**0**|**2,000,000**|**0**|**1,840,000**|\n|**2 **|**UNICEF**|** 5,200,000**|**5,550,000**|**5,460,000**|**5,106,000**|\n|**3 **|**QRC**|** 0**|**3,496,301**|**0**|**3,216,597**|\n|**4 **|**CVT**|**0 **|**2,400,000**|** 0**|**2,208,000**|\n|**5 **|**MEDAIR**|** 0**|**1,450,000**|** 0**|**1,334,000**|\n|**6 **|**JHAS**|** 0**|**1,000,000**|** 0**|**1,012,000**|\n|**7 **|**MDM**|** 0**|**1,060,960**|** 0**|**982,483**|\n|**8 **|**IMC**|** 0**|**5,110,000**|** 0**|**4,701,200**|\n|**9 **|**IRC**|** 0**|**5,713,731**|** 0**|**3,273,117**|\n|**10**|**HI**|** 3,000,000**|**4,950,000**|**3,000,000**|**3,956,000**|\n|**11**|**UNHCR**|**1,767,618**|**28,524,956**|**0**|**26,152,997**|\n|**12**|**UNFPA**|** 6,160,000**|**12,516,182**|**5,885,000**|**10,754,616**|\n|**13**|**IRD**|** 0**|**1,000,000**|** 0**|**920,000**|\n|**14**|**PU-AMI**|** 0**|**1,225,000**|** 0**|**1,127,000**|\n|**15**|**IOCC**|** 0**|**194,000**|** 0**|**161,920**|\n|**16**|**JPS**|** 0**|**550,000**|** 0**|**667,000**|\n|**17**|**TDHI**|** 0**|**973,740**|** 0**|**910,340**|\n|**18**|**AMR**|** 0**|**1,369,952**|** 0**|**1,215,158**|\n|**19**|**ACF**|** 0**|**100,000**|** 0**|**92,000**|\n|**20**|**IRW**|** 0**|**1,000,000**|** 0**|**1,748,000**|\n|**21**|**WHO**|**1,250,000**|**400,000**|**400,000**|**276,000**|\n|**total:**||**17,377,618**|**80,584,822**|**14,745,000**|**71,654,429**|\n\n\n\n19 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d23795e-2c83-39f4-b7b3-b383aef33ce1/HealthSectorResponseStrategy2017-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_434/raw/doc_434_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_434/raw/doc_434_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cb11becb55faeaf376bde881a69aa53653830bac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_434/raw/doc_434_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **UNHCR's contribution**\n\nFrom the first drafts of the Law for the Prevention, Care and Protection of Internally Displaced Persons in Honduras, an\n\nalliance was established between UNHCR, the International Committee for the Red Cross and the Norwegian Council for\n\nRefugees. Together with these actors, UNHCR provided continuous technical advice to the government in four areas:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Faced with the postponement of the debate on the Law\n\nin Congress, various national and international actors\n\njoined forces with the aim of promoting its discussion.\n\nAs part of its advocacy strategy, UNHCR joined efforts\n\nwith the International Committee of the Red Cross, the\n\nNorwegian Refugee Council and the Office of the\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights\n\n(OHCHR) and with the United Nations Resident\n\nCoordinator, to position the urgent adoption of the Law\n\nin the legislative agenda. UNHCR also contributed to\n\nthe organizational processes of civil society groups,\n\nespecially youth, in carrying out different advocacy\n\nstrategies to make visible the need and importance of a\n\nlegal framework of this type, such as the initiatives of\n\nthe National Youth Movement of Honduras, the Center\n\nfor Human Development, Youth Against Violence, the\n\nCommittee of Teachers, M\u00e9dicos del Mundo, C\u00e1ritas\n\nand Grupo Sociedad Civil, among others.\n\n\nVarious circumstances contributed to the law being\n\ndebated and approved in Congress in 2022. In addition\n\nto the commitment of key deputies to this purpose and\n\ntheir parties, the mission of the Group of Experts on\n\nInternal Displacement (IPEG) led by the previous\n\nSpecial Rapporteur of the United Nations for the Rights\n\n\n\nof Internally Displaced Persons, Chaloka Beyani\n\ncontributed to this end. The IPEG held different\n\nmeetings with public servants of the highest level,\n\nSecretaries of State and the President of the National\n\nCongress. Also, within the framework of IPEG, the I\n\nSpecialized Forum on Internal Forced Displacement\n\nwas organized; contributing together with the\n\nHonduran society and the Congress to generate the\n\ncommitment to adopt the Law at the highest possible\n\nlevel, both from the Legislative and the Executive\n\nBranch respectively.\n\n\nAs a result, in July 2022 the initiative of the Law for the\n\nPrevention, Care and Protection of Internally Displaced\n\nPersons was reintroduced in the new legislature and\n\napproved on 21 December 2022 by the National\n\nCongress. It was then sanctioned by the President of\n\nthe Republic, Xiomara Castro, on 20 March, 2023,\n\nentering into force immediately. Relevant actors, such\n\nas the United States Embassy in Honduras, the United\n\nNations Resident Coordinator and the ICRC, have\n\ncongratulated the National Congress for its\n\ncommitment to adopting a legal framework that\n\ncomprehensively protects the rights of internally\n\ndisplaced persons by violence in Honduras.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Construction of Consultation Socialization of Sites** **the Law with IDPs the Law**\n\nUNHCR followed and assisted the draft exercise and consultation process for the development of the Law, which was\nled by the Human Rights Secretariat within the framework of the CIPPDV. Also and as part of the advocacy strategy,\nUNHCR contributed to civil society organizations such as the National Youth Movement of Honduras, the Center for\nHuman Development, Youth Against Violence, the Committee of Teachers, M\u00e9dicos del Mundo, C\u00e1ritas, in the\ndevelopment of different days of socialization and advocacy for the approval of the Displacement Law.\n\n\n## **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Consultation process for the construction** **Socializations and advocacy events**\n**of the 2015-2018 Law** **for the approval of the Law -2018-2022**\n\n\n\n**190 people**\n\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n\n12 workshops\n2 exchanges of experiences\n\n\n**70 people**\n\n\n2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n**16 activities and 260 people**\n\n\n**Places of socialization**\n\n\n\n**50 socialization and advocacy events**\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n**2,900 participating people**\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n**Olancho**\n_Campamento_\n_Juticalpa_\n\n\n\n_Ocotepeque_\n\n\n**Choluteca**\n_Choluteca_\n\n\n\n_Marcala_\n\n\n**Comayagua**\n_Comayagua_\n\n\n## **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "bill provides for the need to design a National Policy for\n\nthe Prevention of Forced Displacement within a period\n\nof two years from its entry into force.\n\n# **3**\n\n\nSustainability and budget through the Fund for the Care\n\nof Forcibly Displaced Persons, which provides for a\n\nminimum amount of HNL 150 million for humanitarian\n\nassistance and livelihoods (approximately six million\n\ndollars).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nsolutions, including contributions with seed capital,\n\nemployability, vocational training, social protection\n\nmeasures, among others.\n\n# **7**\n\n\nRecollection of information through the Registry of\n\nForcibly Displaced Persons (RUPPDEF) system, which\n\nmainly records information on protected persons, the\n\nassistance measures provided to inform the processes\n\nof design, adjustment, and implementation of public\n\npolicy.\n\n\n## **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Next steps**\n\nFor the effective implementation of the law, after its\n\npromulgation on 20 March, the following will be a\n\npriority: a) the elaboration of the Law Regulations (six\n\nmonths after the entry into force); b) organize and\n\nstrengthen the institutional system responsible for its\n\napplication and; c) allocation of sufficient resources\n\nthrough the required budget allocation and resource\n\nmobilization.\n\n\nTogether with other agencies, UNHCR is working on: i)\n\nthe formation of inter-agency groups for the provision\n\nof technical assistance and mobilization of resources\n\nfor the benefit of the institutional framework on issues\n\nsuch as: inclusion of a gender approach, protection of\n\nthe right to education in contexts of violence,\n\nprevention of internal displacement, protection of the\n\nrights to housing, land and property, lasting solutions,\n\namong others; ii) Quantification of the protection\n\nprograms and services established by law as an input\n\nfor the allocation of public resources and public\n\npolicies that guarantee the coherence and\n\nsustainability of the actions over time, as well as the\n\nefficiency in the investment; iii) strengthening of\n\norganizational and technical processes in matters of\n\ninternal displacement of national civil society\n\norganizations, as a contribution to social oversight\n\nand accompaniment to institutions and victims and; iv)\n\npromote the creation of mechanisms for the effective\n\nparticipation of victims of internal displacement in all\n\nprocesses of design and implementation of public\n\npolicy established in the Law and those generated\n\nfrom it.\n\n\nAs can be seen for this stage, it is important for the\n\ngovernment to advance in the consolidation of a\n\nnational response system to internal displacement\n\nthat prevents its occurrence, mitigates the impacts\n\nand protects the victims, while guaranteeing access to\n\njustice and achieving lasting solutions. The following\n\nsteps are crucial to this end:\n\n\n\n\n- Advance with the development of training and\n\nawareness plans on the Displacement Law for all\n\npublic bodies involved in identifying and\n\nresponding to the population.\n\n\n- Strengthen the inter-institutional and\n\nmultisectoral coordination mechanisms within the\n\nframework of the CIPPDV, which allows them to\n\ndesign and execute a general plan for the\n\nimplementation of the Law in the short and\n\nmedium term.\n\n\n- Include actions to respond to internal\n\ndisplacement within the framework of its powers,\n\nthrough its annual operational plans and\n\ninstitutional strategic plans in line with the powers\n\nassigned in the Law.\n\n\n- Develop information campaigns aimed at the\n\ngeneral population so that displaced and at-risk\n\npeople can learn about their rights and the\n\nmechanisms to access them.\n\n\n- Promote and guarantee the consultation and\n\neffective participation of internally displaced\n\npersons and persons at risk of displacement at all\n\nlevels of design and implementation of public\n\npolicy.\n\n\n- Foster and strengthen autonomous\n\norganizational and advocacy processes in\n\nrelation to the response to internal displacement.\n\nIt is essential to strengthen the role of monitoring,\n\nfollow-up and oversight of civil society\n\norganizations for the correct and transparent\n\nimplementation of the Law.\n\n\n## **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Annex I \u2013 Summary of the Law\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation, and
monitoring
of the law|Creation of law
enforcement
bodies and
operation
|National System
of Response to
Forced
Displacement
(SINADERF)
|Orders the creation of SINADEF made up of state institutions of the executive
power - National Government and municipalities, legislative power and judicial
power. It will also be made up of civil society organizations and international
organizations to complement and assist in compliance with the law. CONADEH
will have a role of guarantor and observer of the operation of the System.

It will work through:
\u2022 Inter-Institutional Commission for the Protection of Forcibly Displaced Persons
(CIPPDEF) \u2022 SEDH in the Directorate for the Protection of Internally Displaced
Persons by Violence (DIPDIV) \u2022 Municipal Units for the Attention and Protection of
Forcibly Displaced Persons ( UMAPPDEF )
|Arts. 9-11|\n\n\n#### 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation, and
monitoring
of the law|Design of
policies and
management
of financing for
the prevention,
care and
protection of
internally
displaced
persons (IDPs)|Inter-institutional
Commission for
the Protection of
Forcibly
Displaced
Persons
(CIPPDEF)|It is the highest instance of SINADERF and is chaired by the executive branch. It
will have permanent advice from international organizations. It has attributions:
\u2022
Design policies, strategies, processes, programs and projects for the
purposes of the Law, including the Comprehensive Policy for the Attention
and Protection of the National Internally Displaced Population for the
Prevention of Forced Displacement. \u2022 Establish public investment criteria
for prevention, attention, protection and lasting solutions.
\u2022
Promote studies and diagnoses on the situation of PDI.
\u2022
Analyze and issue recommendations for instruments derived from the Law
\u2022
Advise state bodies for compliance with public policies
\u2022
Manage financing for attention and protection of PDI
\u2022
Promote spaces for dialogue and association of displaced persons|Arts. 12-14|\n\n#### 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation and
monitoring
of the law|Articulation of
the execution
of policies,
plans,
programs,
projects and
protocols
created within
the framework
of the Law|Directorate for
the Protection of
Persons
Internally
Displaced by
Violence
(DPPDIV),
attached to the
Secretariat of
Human Rights|Functions:
\u2022 Coordinate actions of SINADERF * Process requests for protection and
assistance of PDI and determine if the applicants are PDI * Implement assistance
and protection measures for PDI in coordination with SINADERF \u2022 Prepare
protocols, plans and routes applicable to cases of displacement collective and
individual \u2022 Regulate the operation of the Fund for the Care of Internally Displaced
Persons \u2022 Support the design, implementation and monitoring of national policies
and plans on forced displacement \u2022 Provide training on matters related to the Law
|Arts. 17-20|\n\n#### 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation and
monitoring
of the law|Operation and
procedures in
charge of the
DIPPDIV|Directorate for
the Protection of
Persons
Internally
Displaced by
Violence
(DIPDIV),
attached to the
Secretariat of
Human Rights|Creation and operation of DIPDIV units and processes:
*Case reception unit and needs analysis on individual and collective cases and
define measures to be adopted
*Coordination Unit for the implementation and monitoring of AH and protection
measures with people or communities in coordination with entities of the system
*Prevention Unit that coordinates with system entities, plans and protocols for
early and urgent prevention, risk protection, administration of the Early Warning
System, and community protection spaces
*Durable Solutions Unit that will articulate offer and social protection programs in
housing, employment, among others
*Registration and information unit that will be administered by the RUPDEF for the
registration of individuals, families and communities for the identification and
monitoring of the State's response|Articles 21-
26|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation and
monitoring
of the law|Creation of
municipal
mechanisms
for the
implementatio
n of the law -
UMAPPDEF|Municipal Units
for Care and
Protection of
Forcibly
Displaced
Persons
(UMAPPDEF)|They will operate in municipalities with the highest number of PDI or at risk,
according to diagnoses, characterizations, reports. The municipalities must
allocate resources for the operation and comply with the guidelines of the
CIPPDEF|Article 28|\n\n#### 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|General
provisions
on the
design,
implement
ation and
monitoring
of the law|Financing of
the law and
creation of the
FAPDEF|Fund for the
Attention and
Protection of
Forcibly
Displaced
Persons
(FAPDEF)|Financing with transfers from the Population Protection and Security Fund,
National Treasury and External Financing Sources. The amount will not be less
than 150 million lempiras per year. The resources will go to AH and 20% will go to
durable solutions.

The foregoing, without prejudice to the fact that public institutions and entities -
involved in the comprehensive care of displaced persons- must manage the
necessary resources to carry out the actions that are their responsibility.|Articles 29-
30|\n|Identificati
on, care
and
registratio
n of cases|Creation of the
Single Registry
of Forcibly
Displaced
Persons
(RUPDEF)|DPPDIV:
Registration and
Information Unit|Functions:
\u2022 Register individual and collective cases at the national level.
*Record of assistance and protection measures
*Collect and systematize information from different state entities UMAPPDEF,
CENISS, INE, CONADEH, DINAF, SRECI, IP, INA, in order to systematize
information for the design of prevention programs and decision- making .
*Disaggregate data by gender, age, ethnicity, geographic location|Article 33|\n\n#### 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Identificati
on, care
and
registratio
n of cases|Analysis, care
and response
to cases of
forced
displacement|Directorate for
the Protection of
Persons
Internally
Displaced by
Violence
(DPPDIV),
through:

\u2022 Case reception
and needs
analysis unit; \u2022
Coordination
unit for the
implementation
and monitoring
of assistance
and protection
measures.|The process can occur in an ordinary and extraordinary way (extreme risk that
threatens life, integrity and personal freedom).

Thus, it is appropriate to analyze the origin of the case, assess the needs for
humanitarian assistance and protection, dictate the measures to be adopted and
manage and promote durable solutions.|Arts.21-23
and 62-64|\n\n#### 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Identificati
on, care
and
registratio
n of cases|Identification
and referral of
cases to the
Directorate for
the Protection
of Persons
Internally
Displaced by
Violence
(DPPDIV)|\u2022 CONADEH
\u2022 National Police
\u2022 Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
and International
Cooperation \u2022
Presidential
Program
\u201cCiudad Mujer\u201d \u2022
Other State
institutions, civil
society and
humanitarian
agents installed
in the country|The request for attention to cases can be presented by the person or group of
people directly displaced; and, on their behalf, by civil society organizations
and/or humanitarian agents.

The case identification process must be governed by the guidelines designed by
the CIPPDEF|Arts. 59 and
50|\n|Stake|PDI
participation||Guarantee of participation of IDPs in the design, implementation, execution and
evaluation of policies and plans at the national, departmental and municipal
levels. Differentiated participation mechanisms must be established.|Article 34|\n|Rights of
the
displaced
population|guarantee of
rights||Guarantee of equal rights to citizens and specific rights|Article 35|\n\n#### 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Prevention|Adoption of
measures to
prevent
displacement
(eliminate/mitig
ate roots of
displacement)|DPPDIV-
Prevention Unit

(Without
prejudice to the
transversal
prevention
component of
SINADERF)|\u2022 Advise on the design and implementation of prevention plans and protocols;
\u2022 Early prevention + Early Warning System
\u2022 Urgent prevention \u2022 Contingency plans (in coordination with municipalities,
COPECO and authorities) \u2022 Manage Early Warning System (jointly with CONADEH)|Art. 24

Arts. 36-42|\n|Prevention|Adoption of
measures to
prevent
displacement
(eliminate/mitig
ate roots of
displacement)|CIPPDEF|Design the National Policy for the Prevention of Displacement that must include
measures of:
*Use, linkage and forced recruitment *Gender violence *Dispossession of lands
and territories from indigenous people, Afro-descendants and peasants
*Protection of housing and heritage *population groups in situations of higher risk
(teachers and transporters)|Article 39|\n|humanitari
an
assistance|Humanitarian
assistance:
purpose and
components||The purpose is to ensure minimum subsistence based on the analysis of needs,
according to the particularities of the people. It includes, among others, food,
hygiene, medical and psychological care, emergency transportation and
temporary accommodation.|Article 43|\n\n#### 15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|humanitari
an
assistance|Humanitarian
assistance
delivery|Directorate for
the Protection of
Persons
Internally
Displaced by
Violence
(DPPDIV),
attached to the
Secretariat of
Human Rights +
UMAPPDEF|Delivery is determined by DPPDIV + UMAPPDEF in coordination with SINADERF.

Delivery for up to three (3) months, extendable for three (3) more months.|Article 44|\n|humanitari
an
assistance|Humanitarian
assistance in
collective
displacements|
UMAPPDEF (or
municipalities)
and COPECO|Temporary shelters or camps must be installed in dignified, safe and
differentiated conditions.|Article 46|\n|humanitari
an
assistance|
emergency
humanitarian
assistance|Municipal Units
for Attention and
Protection of
Forcibly
Displaced
Persons
(UMAPPDEF) In
places where
the UMAPPDEF
is not located, it
will be the
responsibility of
the Municipality.|Emergency humanitarian assistance will be provided in directly identified cases,
and the DPPDIV must be informed within 72 hours. In the case of municipalities,
the provision of aid and assistance corresponds to the first 72 hours; however, the
DPPDIV must be informed within a period of no more than 48 hours. In addition,
the DPPDIV can refer cases to them so that they can provide humanitarian
assistance.|Arts. 60 and
61|\n\n#### 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Protection|Coordination
of measures to
achieve lasting
solutions|DPPDIV: Durable
Solutions Unit|It will coordinate with SINADERF the offer of social protection programs for
internally displaced persons (housing, credits, jobs, etc.)|Article 25|\n|Protection|
Protection of
the family unit|Directorate for
Children,
Adolescents and
the Family
(DINAF) in
coordination
with the DPPDIV
and SINADERF|Prevent family separation and, where appropriate, facilitate reunification,
providing advice and particularly protecting children, women, the elderly and
people with disabilities.|Article 48|\n|Protection|Protection of
the right to
education|
Ministry of
Education in
coordination
with the DPPDIV
and SINADERF|\u2022 Prevent violence and conflict in educational centers
\u2022 Guarantee access and/or provide free transfer and educational reintegration
documents to displaced people who saw their academic year interrupted .
\u2022 Protect teachers at risk of displacement \u2022 Keep a confidential record of
displaced students and teachers .

The Vocational Training Institute (INFOP) will facilitate its programmatic offer.|Article 49|\n\n#### 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Protection|Protection of
the right to
identity|\u2022 National
Registry of
Persons (RNP)
\u2022 National
Institute of
Migration (INM) \u2022
Honduran
Institute of Social
Security (IHSS)|They will provide displaced persons with identification documents that have been
lost, destroyed, or are urgently required.

The process will be safe, expeditious and free.|Article 50|\n|Protection|Protection
against sexual
and gender
violence|
SINADERF, in
particular:
\u2022 Secretary of
Health \u2022
Secretary of
Security \u2022
Secretary of
Women|Adopt prevention and protection measures against gender violence and
guarantee access to medical and psychosocial assistance|Arts. 51|\n|Protection|Legal and
material
protection of
property and
possessions|Property Institute|Creation of the Registry of Abandoned Assets (RBA) for your protection. Prevent
the generation of costs: a) adopting measures for the exoneration of the payment
of real estate taxes by the municipality in which the assets are located; and b)
urging the interruption of public services.|Articles 52-
53|\n\n#### 18\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Protection|Facilitation of
credit payment
extensions|\u2022 Secretariat of
Human Rights
\u2022 National
Banking and
Insurance
Commission \u2022
Private risk
centers|When the displaced person has lost their livelihoods, the creditor entities of
credits on their assets must grant an extension of up to 6 months for the payment
of the obligations, without interest for late payment. The time will be added to the
remaining credit.

For the process, the Human Rights Secretariat will issue a certificate that will be
forwarded to the corresponding entities.|Article 54|\n|Protection|Guarantee
access to
justice,
guidance and
legal
assistance|Supreme Court
of Justice (Public
Defense),
UMAPPDEF and
CONADEH|The aforementioned entities must have permanent and specialized teams to
accompany, advise, assist and legally guide displaced persons, free of charge.

The courts will preferentially address the issues of displaced persons, particularly,
children and adolescents and indigenous and Afro-Honduran peoples.|Article 55|\n|Protection|Protection of
the right to
work|Supreme Court
of Justice and
Secretary of
Labor and Social
Security|Displaced people who have been absent from their work without prior legal notice
and are dismissed will not lose their labor rights.

The protection procedure will be observed in the regulation.|Article 56|\n\n#### 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Protection|Information on
the rights and
vulnerability
situation of
displaced
persons|INE
SEDH|Annual generation of information through administrative records and statistics on
the situation of vulnerability and guarantee of the rights of the displaced
population|Article 58|\n|Responsibi
lity of
public
servants|
criminal
sanctions|Public ministry|Public servants who, through actions or omissions, deny or hinder compliance
with measures to protect the rights of displaced persons, commit the crime of
violating the duties of officials.|Article 71|\n|lasting
solutions|Right to reach
a durable
solution||Right to reach solutions and responsibility to cooperate in the search for them.
*return and relocation
*access to economic and social reintegration programs|Articles 72-
75|\n|Regulation
and
budget:
operation
of the law|Budget
allocation to
SINADERF|Finance
Secretary|SINADERF financing is also made up of contributions, funds, trusts and grants
from institutions; donations, inheritances and legacies, as well as national and
international cooperation of legal origin.|Article 76|\n\n#### 20\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Category|Action|Competent body|Description|Arts.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Regulation
and
budget:
operation
of the law|Preparation of
Regulations of
the Law|\u2022 Secretary of
Human Rights
\u2022 Secretary of
General
Coordination of
Government \u2022
Secretary of the
Presidency \u2022
International
organizations|International organizations will participate as advisors.
The same institutions will be in charge of preparing protocols for the operation of
the DPPDIV Units.|Article 77|\n|Regulation
and
budget:
operation
of the law|Election of
members of
the Inter-
Institutional
Commission
for the
Protection of
Forcibly
Displaced
Persons|Human Rights
Secretariat|The Secretariat will issue a call, within a period of 30 days after the publication of
the law, addressed to civil society organizations.|Article 78|\n\n#### 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/600eb2cb-9f93-46cc-bf02-5e40fef52935/Honduras%20-%20IDP%20Law%20Report%20-%20April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_435/raw/doc_435_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_435/raw/doc_435_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 978f048964e48528328ae61b1d0d147e3d87e2d3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_435/raw/doc_435_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "In 2022, an unprecedented flow of people in mixed\nmovements transited through Honduras and left the country to\nthe north, including Hondurans. At the same time, arrests and\nreturns at border points mainly from Mexico and the United\nStates of America increased dramatically. Until January of that\nyear, the last episodes of uncoordinated returns were still\nreported through the Corinto border point, leaving people\nwithout basic needs met upon their return to the country and\nexposing them to greater protection risks.\n\n\nThis period coincides with the last relatively successful call for\nCaravans (600 people) leaving this same point northbound,\nand with increased numbers of returnees in Honduras,\nincluding in the following months of 2022 and 2023. The\nincrease in arrests could also be explained by the easing of\nhealth measures in several countries after the hardest months\nof COVID-19 pandemic, the messages that circulated about the\nelimination of the Title 42 and other migratory policies in\nMexico and the United States of America, and to the\nchallenges in accessing the Mexican asylum system,\nconsequently increasing the number of returnees.\n\n\nAfter January 2022, returns to Honduras have once more\nbeen coordinated and ordered, passing through the three\nCenters for Attention to Returned Migrants (CAMR/CANFM). In\naddition to increasing efficiency in the return process, the\ncoordination through these centres aim to protect returnees\nand improve reception conditions after a hard journey leaving\nthe country. Within the framework of the \"Law for the\nProtection of Honduran Migrants and Members of Their\n\n\n\nFamilies\" (2013), as well as the adoption of the Comprehensive\nRegional Protection and Solutions Framework (MIRPS), the\nState of Honduras has been developing protocols for the\nidentification of cases of persons with protection needs. These\nprotocols are established in the following three centers,\nlocated north in the department of Cort\u00e9s, the most populous\nin the country:\n\n\n\n1.\n\n\n2.\n\n\n3.\n\n\n\nCenter for Attention to Returned Migrants (CAMR) in La\nLima (arrivals by air)\n\n\nCenter for Attention to Returned Migrants (CAMR) in\nOmoa (arrivals by land from Mexico)\n\n\nCentro de Atenci\u00f3n para Ni\u00f1ez y Familias Migrantes\n(CANFM) Bel\u00e9n in San Pedro Sula\n\n\n\nIn these centers, the Honduran state and UNHCR, together\nwith other institutions such as the Norwegian Refugee Council\n(NRC), the Honduran Red Cross, the Pastoral de Movilidad\nHumana (PMH), among others, work together to strengthen\ninstitutional capacities for the care and identification of the\nreturned population with protection needs, to guarantee that\nadequate protection alternatives are in place.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR established a fixed presence in all three CAMRs\nin 2019. These centers offer the possibility of reaching\nthe highest number of returnees simultaneously,\noptimizing the identification of protection and response\ncases, since it is in these places that all people currently\narrive on their return. Since 2020, due to the COVID-19\npandemic, the attentions were mostly carried out by\ntelephone or with a sporadic presence. Since February\n2022, however, UNHCR re-established a permanent\npresence (Monday to Friday) of UNHCR staff in the three\nCAMRs, ensuring consistency in the identification and\nreferral of protection cases.\n\n\nThere is an effort by state institutions to establish a\ncomprehensive reception system for returnees in the\nCAMRs, which incorporates a perspective of protection\nin the various stages of reception. It involves both\ngovernment actors present in the centers, NGOs, and\nUN agencies. This extensive collaboration between\nstakeholders and partners is essential to ensure a\ncomprehensive and efficient response after\nidentification.\n\n\nSpecifically, the Bel\u00e9n Centre for Attention to Children\nand Migrant Families (CANFM) ensures differential care\nfor children and adolescents, including unaccompanied\nchildren.\n\n\nDynamics of returns\n\n\n#### **_88.555 Honduran returnees_** **_received in the country in 2022._**\n\n2022 is the second year with the highest number of\nreturns in the last eight years, reaching and\nexceeding pre-COVID levels.\n\n\nReturns to Honduras between 2020 and 2022 have\nmore than doubled, according to data both from the\nConsular and Migratory Observatory of Honduras\n(CONMIGHO) and from UNHCR observation based on its\nconstant presence in the CAMRs.\n\n\nBetween 2015 and 2022, Mexico was always the country\nthat returned people to Hondurans the most. However,\nwhile between 2021 and 2022 the number of returnees\nfrom Mexico increased only slightly, returns from the\nUnited States of America quadrupled. 2022 was also\nthe year with the highest number of returns from the\nUnited States of America (42,090). Additionally, 2022\nrepresents the year in which the percentage of returns\nfrom the United States of America was the highest at all\nsince 2015, corresponding to 46.3% of the total (during\nprevious years this figure did not exceed 38%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CAMRs", - "confidence": 0.8563272356987, - "start": 291, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6305651068687439, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Honduras", - "confidence": 0.9576908946037292, - "start": 255, - "end": 256 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5419527292251587, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "70000\n\n\n60000\n\n\n50000\n\n\n40000\n\n\n30000\n\n\n20000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n_Returnees from Mexico and the United States of America 2015 - 2022_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n42090\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|56554|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|476|78|44760||||459|\n||||||417|74
|\n||26991||~~40984~~|224|29||\n|||303|45
||||\n|321
2159|7
2084|1|||||\n|||||13486|1052|7|\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n\n\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n_\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd_\n\n\nAccording to the figures provided by the Directorate of Children, Adolescents and Family (DINAF), of the 15,500\nchildren and youth returned to CANFM Bel\u00e9n in 2022, 30% were unaccompanied. According to information\nobserved by UNHCR and CANFM Bel\u00e9n, 93% of unaccompanied children were returned from Mexico, four\npercent from Guatemala, one percent from the US, while two percent are represented by exit barriers.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Returnees in need of protection\n\n\n\nUNHCR works strategically in the CAMRs to identify and\nrefer cases of returnees in need of protection. UNHCR\npermanent staff presence from Monday to Friday\nguarantees that in the place where all arrivals happen, there\nis a constancy in the observation and identification of cases.\nTo complement its presence, UNHCR also installed\ninformation and visibility material to improve\nself-identification of cases in need of protection.\n\n\nFollowing identification, UNHCR works with its partner\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC) to reference protection\ncases for handling by relevant authorities and actors.\nUNHCR follows up on cases until they are closed. In this\nregard, UNHCR worked with the DINAF Forced\n\n\n\nDisplacement Unit to improve the care and follow-up of\nreturned children in the CANFM Bel\u00e9n.\n\n\nFinally, to develop institutional response capacity, training\nwas carried out in conjunction with NRC for all personnel\npresent at CANFM Bel\u00e9n and CAMR La Lima, with the aim of\nimproving the identification and care provision for returnees\nwith protection needs. Likewise, modules were developed\nfocused on strengthening differential approaches\n(specifically towards survivors of gender-based violence,\nchildhood, LGBTIQ+ people) and the principles of\nprotection in attention to the population and basic training\nin Prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA).\n\n\n### **UNHCR\u2019s 2022 results and profile analysis**\n\n\n#### **_912 cases attended_** **_(approximately 3,000 people) of_** **_returnees in need of protection,_** **_tripling the number of cases_** **_attended in 2021._**\n\n43% of the cases were identified in the CANFM Bel\u00e9n,\nwhile 33% in CAMR Omoa and 24% in CAMR Lima.\nUNHCR partner NRC attended 410 cases of returnees\nin need of protection.\n\n\nBoth UNHCR and NRC reported a significant increase\nin cases of returnees in need of protection. Despite\nthis, a probable under-identification of cases persists.\nIn addition, the state of exhaustion in which returnees\narrive and the speed of the return process cause\nsome of the identified cases to desist from accessing\ninterviews with Protection Officers.\n\n\nAll the cases attended received guidance on\nprotection alternatives and services available in the\ncountry and/or information on international protection\nand the right to asylum in another country.\nAdditionally, the cases with the intention of\npermanence were able to access internal relocation,\nparticipation in the protection transfer arrangement\nprogram (PTA), accompaniment for cases of\ngender-based violence (GBV), physical and mental\nhealth care, and livelihoods.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CANFM Bel\u00e9n", - "confidence": 0.9570100903511047, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6357792615890503, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "61% of the cases did not report protection incidents to any\nauthority. That is, only 39% sought protection from the\nHonduran state before their departure, while the rest sought\ninternational protection directly.\n\n\nProtection incidents are mostly related to extortion,\nrecruitment and bonding and murder of a family member. 80%\nof the cases report having received threats, 21.5% extortion,\n20% murder, 18% report having suffered an attack, 14.6% forced\nbonding, six percent domestic violence and another six\npercent sexual violence, finally four-point five percent report\nrestrictions on mobility.\n\n\n60% of the cases indicate maras and gangs as persecuting\nagents, while seven percent indicate a local gang. According\nto the cases dealt with in CAMR, an increase in drug trafficking\n(four percent) has been identified, especially in areas of\nGracias a Dios, Colon, and Copan, which has increased the\ndispossession of house, land and property and forced\nrecruitment. Likewise, a high number of people (eight percent)\nindicate as persecutor the partner or ex-partner or other\nrelatives (three percent). Two percent indicate the public force\nas a persecuting agent.\n\n\n56% of returnees in need of protection report that they had\npreviously left the country.\n\n\nOn the other hand, before return, 52% had reported in Mexico\nor the United States of being at risk in the country of origin.\nEven 13% mention that they had requested asylum, of these,\n18% had been approved, while 34% were returned before\nfinalizing the process.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Next steps**\n\nThe main challenges observed in the CAMRs is the deficit\nin the identification of cases of people with protection\nneeds, despite the improvement in the identification of\nthese cases by the organizations and institutions present\nin the CAMRs, including UNHCR. Six point one percent of\nthe total returnees were assisted by UNHCR Protection\nOfficers directly or through their partners NRC or the\nHonduran Red Cross, but it is estimated that there is a\nhigher percentage of people who would need protection.\n\n\nIn addition, the state of exhaustion in which returnees\narrive and the speed of the return process influence this\nidentification gap. These points often undermine the\nintention to access interviews with the Protection Officers\nof international organizations present in the CAMRs. In\nthis regard, UNHCR will continue in 2023 to strengthen\nthe capacity to identify and respond to these cases\nthrough training for CAMR staff, specifically state\ninstitutions responsible for return procedures.\n\n\nIn addition, UNHCR will work in 2023 to strengthen its\nTransit Transfer Programme to ensure that the most\nurgent cases of people in need of protection and no\nalternative resettlement in Honduras can seek\nresettlement solutions in other countries.\n\n\n\nUNHCR recommends the development of an integrated\ninformation system among the institutions present in the\nCAMRs to avoid re-victimization of returnees. It is also\nrecommended to update and implement protocols and\nstandard operating procedures to ensure key\nprotection principles and differential approaches are\nincorporated.\n\n\nFinally, with the approval of the Law on the\nPrevention, Care and Protection of Internally Displaced\nPersons by the National Congress of Honduras in\nDecember 2022, even if it is pending presidential\napproval, returnees with protection needs must be\ntreated within the framework of the National System of\nResponse to Forced Displacement of the Honduran\nstate (Article 2). UNHCR will provide ongoing\ntechnical support to the state to further\nstrengthen its capacities and leadership in identifying and\nmanaging these cases.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d9aef83-0471-4149-a3e7-765f63ca9796/Honduras%20-%20Response%20for%20Returnees%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_436/raw/doc_436_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_436/raw/doc_436_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d278b066c43730bff21e31852cb29591b767da2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_436/raw/doc_436_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": 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\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75e7fa8b-6696-4494-b928-4412387833f3/Honduras%20-%20Respuesta%20Personas%20Retornadas%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Personas retornadas con necesidades de 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**Resultados de ACNUR en 2022 y an\u00e1lisis de perfil**\n\n\n#### **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 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- "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75e7fa8b-6696-4494-b928-4412387833f3/Honduras%20-%20Respuesta%20Personas%20Retornadas%20-%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_437/raw/doc_437_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_437/raw/doc_437_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 685ccbc7bf30d20c294cde376d1ed94df19cf1e7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_437/raw/doc_437_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Overview of Protection Risks in Al Hudaydah Hub**\n\n**Jan - June (2024)**\n\n\n**Overview:** The Hudaydah and Hajjah governorates continue to face severe protection risks due to ongoing\nconflict, socioeconomic instability, and inadequate access to essential services. Key protection risks\ninclude threats to life from landmines, housing, land, and property (HLP)-related risks such as evictions,\npsychological and emotional distress, lack of civil documentation, and specific risks to women and girls.\nThis report provides a detailed account of incidents, response activities, and identified gaps from January\nto June 2024.\n\n\n**Key Figures Summarizing Protection Risks (January-April):**\n\n\n - **Landmine and UXO Incidents:**\n\n\n`o` 19 incidents reported.\n\n\n`o` 16 civilian deaths (including 3 children).\n\n\n`o` 16 injuries (including 8 children).\n\n\n - **HLP-Related Risks (Evictions):**\n\n\n`o` 33 families at risk of eviction.\n\n\n`o` 23 cases of eviction risk in Al Hali and Hajjah City.\n\n\n - **Psychological and Emotional Distress:**\n\n\n`o` 483 individuals identified with psychological issues.\n\n\n`o` 345 cases in Kushar and Abs.\n\n\n`o` 90 cases in Az Zuhrah and Al Durihimi.\n\n\n`o` 28 cases in Raymah.\n\n\n - **Lack of Civil Documentation:**\n\n\n`o` 346 cases needing legal documentation.\n\n\n`o` 76 cases in Az Zuhrah.\n\n\n`o` 221 cases in Hajjah.\n\n\n - **Specific Risks to Women and Girls (GBV):**\n\n\n`o` 132 GBV cases identified and assisted.\n\n\n`o` 63 cases in January-February.\n\n\n`o` 69 cases in March-April.\n\n\n**Protection Risks**\n\n\n1. **Threats to Life, Safety, and Security (Landmines):**\n\n\n`o` **Districts:** Al Hali, Al Jarahi, Al Tuhaita, Bait Al Faqih, Ad-Durihimi, Al Marawi'ah\n\n\n`o` **Main Agents Responsible:** Conflict parties\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062a5282-9ce7-4bf6-9375-52781d8760c2/Hudaydah%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` **Incident Summary:** Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) continue to\n\npose severe threats. During January-February, 12 incidents resulted in 14 deaths\n(2 children) and 7 injuries (2 children). In March-April, 7 incidents led to 2 deaths\n(1 child) and 9 injuries (6 children). Additionally, in May, 2 landmine incidents\nwere reported in Hudaydah, causing 2 civilian deaths and 1 child injury.\n\n\n`o` **Response Activities:** Victim assistance and mine risk education have been\n\ncrucial. Specific incidents included medical referrals and support from\norganizations like Save the Children.\n\n\n`o` **Gaps:** The DRC project for adult victim assistance is suspended, creating a critical\n\nresponse gap.\n\n\n2. **HLP-Related Risks (Evictions):**\n\n\n`o` **Districts:** Kushar, Hajjah City, Al Hali\n\n\n`o` **Main Agents Responsible:** Landlords\n\n\n`o` **Incident Summary:** Economic hardships and land disputes led to eviction risks.\n\nIn January-February, 10 cases were reported in Hajjah City. From March-April,\n13 cases in Al-Hali and 10 in Hajjah City. In May, 26 households in Durina Al Sofla\nfaced eviction threats.\n\n\n`o` **Response Activities:** Legal mediation and cash assistance provided to families.\n\nEfforts included site-level coordination and negotiation with landlords.\n\n\n`o` **Gaps:** Limited HLP services in some Hudaydah locations hinder comprehensive\n\nresponse.\n\n\n3. **Psychological and Emotional Distress:**\n\n\n`o` **Districts:** Kushar, Hajjah City, Az Zuhrah, Al Durihimi, Al Jaafariah\n\n\n`o` **Incident Summary:** Psychological issues are widespread due to conflict. In\n\nJanuary-February, 142 cases needed support. By March-April, 345 cases in\nKushar and Abs, 90 cases in Az Zuhrah and Al Durihimi, and 28 cases in Raymah\nwere identified.\n\n\n`o` **Response Activities:** Psychological First Aid (PFA) and psychosocial support (PSS)\n\nwere provided, including referrals to Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\nServices (MHPSS).\n\n\n`o` **Gaps:** Challenges include a lack of privacy for PSS sessions and insufficient\n\nMHPSS services.\n\n\n4. **Lack of Civil Documentation:**\n\n\n`o` **Districts:** Abs, Kuayinah, Az Zuhrah\n\n\n`o` **Incident Summary:** Many individuals lack civil documentation, affecting their\n\naccess to services. In January-February, 49 cases needed birth certificates. By\nMarch-April, 76 cases in Az Zuhrah and 221 in Hajjah were identified. INTERSOS\nprovided 52 birth certificates in Abs.\n\n\n`o` **Response Activities:** Documentation issuance supported by INTERSOS and cash\n\nfor IDs by UNHCR's partners.\n\n\n`o` **Gaps:** Significant coverage gaps in IDP sites hinder access to essential services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062a5282-9ce7-4bf6-9375-52781d8760c2/Hudaydah%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. **Specific Risks to Women and Girls (GBV):**\n\n\n`o` **Districts:** Abs, Kuayinah\n\n\n`o` **Incident Summary:** Women and girls face heightened GBV risks. In January\nFebruary, 63 cases were assisted. In March-April, 69 cases in Abs were\nidentified.\n\n\n`o` **Response Activities:** Comprehensive case management including cash\n\nassistance, PSS, legal aid, and livelihood support.\n\n\n`o` **Gaps:** Gaps remain in legal assistance, health, and cash-for-health services.\n\n\n**Overall Recommendations:**\n\n\n1. **Enhance Comprehensive Victim Assistance:**\n\n\n`o` Expedite approvals for critical projects.\n\n\n`o` Expand victim assistance and mine risk education.\n\n\n2. **Expand HLP Services:**\n\n\n`o` Provide services to uncovered locations in Hudaydah.\n\n\n`o` Continue legal mediation and cash assistance.\n\n\n3. **Improve Psychological Support Services:**\n\n\n`o` Increase privacy for PSS sessions.\n\n\n`o` Expand MHPSS services and mobile team coverage.\n\n\n4. **Increase Coverage of IDP Sites:**\n\n\n`o` Ensure broader coverage for civil documentation.\n\n\n`o` Continue supporting ID issuance and birth certificate issuance.\n\n\n5. **Enhance Support for Women and Girls:**\n\n\n`o` Provide comprehensive case management.\n\n\n`o` Expand legal, health, and cash-for-health services.\n\n\nThis report emphasizes key figures, incidents, response activities, and gaps while providing\nactionable recommendations to address the protection risks in Hudaydah and Hajjah\ngovernorates effectively.\n\n\n_______________________________________END_____________________________________\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062a5282-9ce7-4bf6-9375-52781d8760c2/Hudaydah%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_438/raw/doc_438_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_438/raw/doc_438_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ff3b4d320f906d59dfaa58e3efa1f2fd9c32581..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_438/raw/doc_438_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**United Nations (UN) and Partners**\n**Humanitarian Response for Syrian Refugees in Jordan**\n\n\n**Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) - Education Sector Gender Analysis**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\nEducation Sector Gender Analysis was conducted by the Sector\u2019s Gender Focal Points (Zainab Khalil Project Manager, ARDD Legal Aid and Dina Al Masri - Assistant Regional Director, Middle East Children\u2019s\nInstitute [MECI]) and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) Youth Manager (Paul Fean) with the\ntechnical support of Senior GenCap Advisers, Sarah Martin and Simon Opolot _**.**_ The gender analysis\nassessed the gender dimensions of the education needs and challenges of Syrian refugee children in Jordan.\nThe following are the key findings of the Gender Analysis.\n\n_**Child Recruitment:**_ The use of children as soldiers, porters and helpers for armed groups in Syria was\nreported. Human Rights Watch (HRW), for instance, found that boys as young as 15 were used in active\ncombat and 14-year-olds filled support roles. In addition, a UN report indicated that the recruitment of\nchildren below 18 years to the rebel movements in camps in Jordan is accompanied by economic\nincentives. The analysis noted that boy children are particularly affected by child recruitment.\n\n_**Early Marriage:**_ As the Syrian crisis continues the pressure on Syrian refugees to offer girl children into\nearly marriage increases. Although the importance of education is acknowledged, a view exists that girls\nwho do not perform well in school should be married as soon as was appropriate. Marriage generally\ncontinues to be a coping strategy for some Syrian families, and child marriage, in particular, is seen as a\nform of \u2018protection\u2019 and a way for families to keep the \u2018honor\u2019 of their daughters. A girl given into early\nmarriage sooner than later drops out of school.\n\n_**Child Labor:**_ The gender analysis found that some families continue to depend on income from children,\nespecially teenage boys who also work to cover their basic needs. In Irbid, for example, many children and\nteenagers continued to work, in addition to attending schools. In Mufraq a nine-year-old girl, together with\nher ten-year-old brother, were found collecting plastic bottles to support their family.\n\n_**Formal Education**_ : Jordan\u2019s formal government schools and infrastructure are under increasing pressure\nto accommodate a large influx of Syrian students. For example, in the school year 2014/2015, more than\n130,000 Syrian students were attending formal education, where the number increased greatly to 145,458\nstudents in the school year of 2015/2016. Sustainable solutions for education infrastructure and delivery\nshould be sought by government and partners to accommodate the increasing number of Syrian children.\n\n_**Out-of-School Children and Other Educational Activities**_ : The number of Syrian children out of\nschool is still alarmingly high. This has interrupted education that many children had started in Syria.\n\n_**Children with Disabilities (CWD):**_ Although a smaller proportion of children with disabilities compared\nto children overall attend school, the trend across age-groups followed a similar pattern, with younger\nchildren more likely to be attending formal education compared to older peers. Girls with disabilities\nwere more likely to be attending formal schooling than boys. Majority of girls and boys with disabilities\nand/or chronic illness were not attending school.\n\n_**Non-Formal Education (NFE):**_ Children spoke positively about NFE centres, with the boys highlighting\nhow well they are treated by teachers and the flexibility of schedules while girls spoke of the wide variety\nof activities to take part in. More boys have been targeted in the provision of NFE, as they are more in\nneed of alternative education programs due to their lower attendance rates in formal education.\n\n_**Tertiary Education (TE):**_ Most Syrian refugee youth (both girls and boys) have expressed a high need for\naccessible TE programmes. Humanitarian actors should work towards bringing TE opportunities to them\nbeyond higher education which some of them have attained.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f714cc2e-8aee-334c-9bb7-61252f5276b3/IATFEducationSectorGenderAnalysis-KeyFindings-OnePager13.07.2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_439/raw/doc_439_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_439/raw/doc_439_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0bd5fcaef66325941431d29f65351adc882fabe2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_439/raw/doc_439_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,349 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Interoperable Aggregated CFM Model in Somalia**\n\nFeedback and Complaints Analysis Report #2| April-June 2024\n_Note: The analysis in this report is indicative only of the data provided by participating agencies in Somalia_\n\n\nIn line with the Humanitarian Country Team\u2019s (HCT) commitment to addressing Post-Delivery Aid Diversion (PDAD), particularly under **Action**\n**#6: Accountability to Affected People (AAP) Reporting**, a new feedback and complaints analysis report has been introduced. This report\nand its corresponding dashboard, which can be found [here, consolidate complaints and feedback from humanitarian organizations in Somalia](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/365)\nusing an aggregated model and summarize data from the second quarter of 2024.\n\nSince the HCT endorsement in May 2024, Technical standards for the CFM Aggregator Model have been shared with humanitarian partners\nfor incorporating into individual CFMs. With support from the Technical Steering Committee under the CEA Task Force, a number of\nhumanitarian partners have adopted the standards including the agreed datasets. It is important to note that the findings in this report reflect\ndata contributed by sixteen (16) agencies, up from six (6) in Q1. Moving forward, we aim to expand the number of contributing agencies to\nfurther improve Complaints and Feedback Mechanism (CFM) analysis in Somalia.\n\n\n**Key Figures:** **66 Districts** **18 Regions** **19,940 Responses 16 Reporting Organizations**\n\n\n**Demographic of Respondents:**\n\n\nIn Q2, 19,940 feedback cases were recorded among\nthe 16 reporting organizations in Somalia, of which\n80% were received from males and 20% from\nfemales, primarily from adults aged 18-59 years, with\nonly 9% received from older persons (60 years and\nabove). Compared to the previous quarter, where 57%\nof responses were from males and 37% from females,\nthis quarter shows a notable shift towards increased\nmale participation and a decline in female\nrespondents.\n\n\nRegarding respondent status, there is now a clearer\nunderstanding of individuals' backgrounds. In Q1,\nmuch of this information was largely unknown,\nwhereas in Q2, 84% of respondents were identified as internally displaced persons (IDPs),\n8% from the Host Community, 6% refugees and asylum-seekers, and 2% refugee returnees.\n\n\nHowever, data collection disaggregating persons with disabilities and minority affiliation\nremains limited. In Q2, 52% of the data did not confirm whether the respondent had a\ndisability, while only 4% identified as persons with disabilities and 47% as without\ndisabilities. Reporting on minority affiliation was even more limited, with only 15 individuals\nidentified as persons with minority affiliations.\n\n\n**Respondent by Region:**\n\n\n\nA significant portion of the responses (79%) originated from just five regions across\nGalmudug, Banadir, and Jubaland, while the remaining 21% were spread across\n\nbetter awareness of the mechanisms.\nGedo (14%), Mudug (7%), and Lower Juba (6%) also showed considerable\n\n|FMS|Region|No. of cases|%|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Galmudug**|**Galgaduud**|5,870|29%|\n|**Banadir**|**Mogadishu**|4,569|23%|\n|**Jubaland**|**Gedo**|2,801|14%|\n|**Galmudug**|**Mudug**|1,298|7%|\n|**Jubaland**|**Lower Juba**|1,126|6%|\n|**Other locations:**||4,276|21%|\n\nengagement, though at a lower level compared to Galgaduud and Mogadishu. In contrast, Middle Juba, Sool, Sanag, and Togdheer\nrecorded the lowest levels of engagement, suggesting either limited access to or lower awareness of feedback mechanisms in these areas.\nThese findings highlight the need to strengthen outreach and reporting channels in underrepresented regions to ensure that all affected\npopulations have equitable access to these mechanisms.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Communication Channels:**\n\n\nHumanitarian partners received feedback through a variety of communication channels, including Help Desks, Mobile Teams, Call\nCenters, Community Meetings, emails, key informant interviews, and suggestion boxes. The most widely used modality this quarter was\nHelp Desks, which accounted for 47% of all communication streams, followed by 27% through Mobile Teams and field staff. Notably, this\nmeans that 75% of the recorded interactions occurred in person, underscoring a strong preference for direct, face-to-face engagement.\n\n1\n_All data presented in this report have been compiled and analyzed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with information current as of 30 June 2024. This ensures an indicative_\n_depiction and analysis of feedback and complaints in Somalia. It is important to note that the findings represent the data contributed by the participating organizations using the CFM Aggregator Model._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Feedback and Complaints Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.970846951007843, - "start": 11, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6557935476303101, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Humanitarian Country Team", - "confidence": 0.5420979261398315, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9813997745513916, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9975912570953369, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Affected People", - "confidence": 0.56706702709198, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Complaints and Feedback Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.6737698912620544, - "start": 235, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8870044946670532, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collection", - "confidence": 0.5846326351165771, - "start": 440, - "end": 442 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.5709212422370911, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.540842592716217, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "engagement", - "confidence": 0.5212222337722778, - "start": 720, - "end": 721 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.830144464969635, - "start": 785, - "end": 787 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/191cf2c2-4537-47b6-a377-10e78028f649/ICFM_Q2_Analysis%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Interoperable Aggregated CFM Model in Somalia**\n\nFeedback and Complaints Analysis Report #2| April-June 2024\n_Note: The analysis in this report is indicative only of the data provided by participating agencies in Somalia_\n\n\nHowever, while in-person communication is clearly preferred, it is not always feasible or sustainable, particularly in hard-to-reach areas or\nin situations where humanitarian actors are unable to access communities. This reliance on in-person channels suggests a critical gap in\nthe use and awareness of alternative mechanisms, such as Call Centers, Helplines, and online platforms. Although helplines made up\n25% of the total responses this quarter, the usage of other remote channels, such as emails and online reporting, remains minimal.\n\n\nTo ensure sustained engagement and inclusivity, there is a need to increase awareness and accessibility of diverse communication\noptions, especially in remote areas. Strengthening and promoting these channels would help bridge gaps in feedback collection during\nperiods of restricted access and improve the overall effectiveness of communication with affected populations.\n\n\n**Categories of Overall Queries Received:**\n\n\n\n\n\nRequest for Assistance\n\n\nRequest for\nInformation/ Questions\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, 57% of responses were related to requests for assistance, indicating significant\nunmet needs, while 40% pertained to information requests or questions about services. In contrast, protectionrelated concerns made up only 2% of responses, and feedback, suggestions, and complaints collectively\naccounted for less than 1%, suggesting a gap in the use of mechanisms intended for accountability and\ncommunity input. The Food Security and Livelihood (FSL) and Shelter/Non-Food Items (NFI) sectors received\nthe highest number of assistance requests (25% each), reflecting ongoing food insecurity and inadequate\nshelter conditions. Other sectors such as WASH (18%), Cash Assistance/MCPA (8%), Health (7%), and Basic\nNeeds (5%) collectively represented 38% of requests, indicating a diverse range of critical needs.\n\n\nInterestingly, the pattern shifts for information requests, where Health (22%), FSL (21%), and Basic Needs\n(18%) were the most queried sectors, suggesting a considerable demand for clarity and awareness around\nthese services. The results highlight a need for enhanced communication strategies to ensure affected\ncommunities are well-informed about available services and access points. Given the low percentage of\nprotection-related responses, it is also essential to strengthen protection and feedback mechanisms, ensuring\ncommunities feel safe and confident in reporting concerns.\n\n\n\n**Queries Related by Sector & Region:**\n\nOf the 19,940 responses received, the top sectors of engagement were Food Security &\nLivelihoods (24%) and Shelter & Non-Food Items (16%), followed by Health (13%), WASH\n(12%), and Basic Needs (10%). These sectors collectively accounted for 75% of the total\nresponses, indicating that food security, shelter, and access to health and water services\nare the primary concerns for affected communities. Other sectors such as Cash\nAssistance/Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance (5%), Agriculture (3%), Cash for Work (3%), and\nDurable Solutions (3%) showed moderate engagement, reflecting the need for livelihood\nsupport and long-term solutions. Meanwhile, Protection (2%), Housing, Land & Property\n(2%), and Education (1%) had lower response rates, highlighting potential gaps in\ncommunity outreach or prioritization of these sectors.\n\n\n\nBasic Needs\n\n\nWASH\n\n\nHealth\n\n\nSNFI\n\n\nFSL\n\n\n\n**Top Sectors**\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\nOverall, 84% of the 19,940 responses received have been closed, and 9,584 referrals were\nmade, leaving only 15% of responses still open. Regionally, Galgaduud had the highest engagement, with 5,870 responses primarily related\nto Health (35%), Basic Needs (29%), and Food Security (16%). The high volume of health-related queries suggests a significant demand for\nhealth services and improved access to basic resources. While 76% of queries in Galgaduud have been closed, 24% remain unresolved,\nindicating potential operational challenges in addressing community needs. In Banadir, the majority of respondents (91%) sought assistance\nin Food Security & Livelihoods (36%), Shelter/NFIs (31%), and WASH (21%). Banadir had a notably high-resolution rate, with 95% of cases\nclosed. In contrast, Gedo\u2019s 2,801 responses were almost evenly split between requests for assistance (65%) and information (35%), mostly\nin Food Security (46%) and Shelter/NFIs (20%). Nearly 100% of queries in Gedo were closed, showcasing strong responsiveness in this\n\n\n\n**Contributing Organizations:**\nACF, ACTED, ASAL), DAN, DRC, FAO, IOM, LRDO, MRDO, NoFYL,\nPSA, SCC, SOMLIFE, SASMO, UNICEF, and UNHCR. Supported by\nthe CCCM Cluster and Government Partners.\n\n\n\nregion. Overall, the findings emphasize the need to prioritize Food Security,\nShelter/NFI, and Health interventions while addressing the backlog of\nunresolved queries in regions like Galgaduud.\n\n\n**Sensitive Reporting:**\n\nA total of 350 sensitive or life-threatening security cases were reported,\nprimarily involving gender-based violence (212 cases) and other protectionrelated concerns (104 cases). Alarmingly, three (3) cases of Sexual\nExploitation and Abuse (SEA) were reported in the Banadir and Lower\nShabelle regions. Of these 350 sensitive cases, 35% remain open, highlighting\nthe need for continued follow-up and strengthened response mechanisms.\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n_All data presented in this report have been compiled and analyzed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with information current as of 30 June 2024. This ensures an indicative_\n_depiction and analysis of feedback and complaints in Somalia. It is important to note that the findings represent the data contributed by the participating organizations using the CFM Aggregator Model._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Feedback and Complaints Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9159231781959534, - "start": 11, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.824198305606842, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9815036058425903, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9942988157272339, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.712133526802063, - "start": 183, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "feedback collection", - "confidence": 0.9220026731491089, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "remote areas", - "confidence": 0.8863844871520996, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.9528291821479797, - "start": 183, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information requests", - "confidence": 0.5619643926620483, - "start": 373, - "end": 375 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\ncommunities", - "confidence": 0.8195207118988037, - "start": 425, - "end": 427 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health-related queries", - "confidence": 0.5559204816818237, - "start": 742, - "end": 744 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Galgaduud", - "confidence": 0.5506020188331604, - "start": 703, - "end": 704 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sensitive Reporting", - "confidence": 0.9290695786476135, - "start": 981, - "end": 983 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8040691018104553, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1094 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6255549192428589, - "start": 1068, - "end": 1069 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7091616988182068, - "start": 1068, - "end": 1069 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9764276146888733, - "start": 1107, - "end": 1108 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5113372206687927, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1094 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6870088577270508, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1094 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/191cf2c2-4537-47b6-a377-10e78028f649/ICFM_Q2_Analysis%20Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_44/raw/doc_44_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_44/raw/doc_44_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a2a6f2b9ddd3eb337b796a2fb950904c3eb744f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_44/raw/doc_44_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### 2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE\n\nOctober 2024\n\n\nAs of mid-2024, countries in Europe are hosting some 21.2 million forcibly displaced and stateless people \u2013\n16 per cent of the global displaced population. For 2024, UNHCR\u2019s financial requirements in Europe stand at\n**US$ 1.466 billion** to assist some 6.7 million forcibly displaced and stateless people in need across the\nregion.\n\n\n**The war in Ukraine has displaced almost one-third of the country\u2019s population**, with some 3.7 million\npeople internally displaced and over 6.7 million refugees globally, including 6.1 million in Europe. UNHCR\nand partners are supporting national authorities in providing humanitarian assistance to displaced\nUkrainians both within and outside of the country. Meanwhile, **many continue to take perilous journeys**\n**towards Europe from other regions** along dangerous sea and land routes where they face abuse,\nexploitation, sexual violence and detention. UNHCR and partners are working with States to ensure a\nfavorable protection environment for people on the move, while advocating for safer migration pathways.\n\n\nHowever, **the funding outlook remains uncertain in** **Europe.** UNHCR calls for more support amidst low\nfunding levels in 2024, which unless addressed will negatively impact its ability to provide assistance to\nforcibly displaced and stateless people. As of 30 September, UNHCR has received only 50 per cent of its\nfunding needs for activities in Europe, less than during the same period in 2023. Winter assistance in\nparticular remains critical, notably inside Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, where funding gaps are\nlimiting UNHCR and partners\u2019 ability to reach those in need with vital support in 2024-25.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Without further crucial funding, in 2024 UNHCR will be unable to reach**\n**vulnerable displaced people and communities in Europe, including:**\n\n\n\n**Key Figures:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**13.2 million**\nrefugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate\n\n\n\n**1.5 million** **4.9 million**\nasylum- internally\nseekers displaced people\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n\n\n\nstateless people **507,967**\nothers of concern\n\n\n\n\n\n**21.2 million**\nforcibly displaced\nand stateless\npeople in Europe\n\n\n###### **Financial Information**\n\nIn 2024, UNHCR has appealed for **$1.466 billion** to provide assistance to over **6.7 million**\nforcibly displaced and stateless people in need across Europe.\n\n\n\n**FORCIBLY DISPLACED AND STATELESS**\n**PEOPLE IN NEED ACROSS EUROPE**\nmillion\n# 6.7\n\n\n**REQUESTED FOR UNHCR\u2019S ACTIVITIES IN**\n**EUROPE IN 2024**\n\n$ billion\n# 1.466\n\n\n\n**TOTAL FUNDING (AS OF 30 SEPT 2024)**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL CONTRIBUTED OR PLEDGED (AS OF**\n**30 SEPT 2024)**\n\n\n$ million\n# 728.9\n\n\nPage 2 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE\n\n###### **Ukraine Situation**\n\n\nAs the full-scale war in Ukraine continues unabated, ongoing hostilities are heavily impacting civilians,\nwith **3.7 million people currently internally displaced.** [1] UNHCR and partners are on the frontline\nproviding lifesaving assistance to the newly displaced, including psychosocial support, legal assistance,\ncore-relief items, cash assistance and emergency shelter support and repairs. Where conditions allow,\nUNHCR is supporting government-led early-recovery efforts including repairs to civilian housing and\ninfrastructure. Heading into yet another winter\u2014and with targeted attacks compromising energy\ninfrastructure in parts of the country\u2014additional funding is critical to help scale up assistance for millions\nof people to repair their damaged homes, afford electricity and heating costs, and ensure they have\naccess to essential non-food items such as clothing, heaters, thermal kits, as well as cash assistance.\n\n\nOver **6.1 million refugees** from Ukraine have sought safety across Europe, where host countries have\ngenerously provided protection, access to services, and inclusion into national systems. However, host\ngovernments and communities need support to guarantee access to rights and services, provide\ndedicated support for the most vulnerable, foster greater inclusion and ensure social cohesion. UNHCR\nleads the **[Regional Refugee Response Plan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105903)** (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation in these efforts along with\nmore than 300 partners. In 2024, UNHCR aims to assist over **850,000 refugees with protection support**\nincluding information and counselling, targeted cash for protection and socio-economic activities,\nincluding livelihoods support. For more on UNHCR's 2024 plans and financial requirements for the\nUkraine Situation, see **[here.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106081)**\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019S 2024 FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS**\n**FOR UKRAINE SITUATION COUNTRIES**\n\nUS$ million\n# 993.3\n\n\n**TOTAL FUNDED (as of 30 Sept 2024)**\n%\n# 52\n\n\n\n**COUNTRY** **TOTAL**\n**BUDGET**\n**(USD)**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL FUNDED**\n**(%)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBulgaria **$17.0M** 71%\n\nCzech Republic **$11.9M** 44%\n\nEstonia **$4.2M** 50%\n\nHungary **$14.2M** 60%\n\nLatvia **$4.2M** 50%\n\nLithuania **$4.2M** 50%\n\nPoland **$85.0M** 38%\n\nRep. of Moldova **$102.8M** 60%\n\nRomania **$54.3M** 45%\n\nSlovakia **$20.3M** 53%\n\nUkraine **$598.9M** 52%\n\n\n\n\n\n[1 IOM DTM - Ukraine](https://dtm.iom.int/ukraine)\n\n\nPage 3 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Mediterranean and North-West African Maritime Routes**\n\nThe Western Mediterranean and North-West African maritime routes towards Europe are experiencing\nongoing **high arrivals of refugees and asylum-seekers**, with 132,050 arrivals and over 1,000 reported\ndead or missing so far this year. [2] In August 2024 some 22,600 asylum-seekers and migrants arrived to\nEurope by sea. [3] Addressing the complex challenges associated with these mixed movements requires\nrobust and consistent collaboration among states, focusing on comprehensive route-based strategies\nthat address the full spectrum of protection needs, potential solutions and the capacities of states.\n\n\nUNHCR is working to strengthen cooperation with national authorities and partners to improve\ncoordinated search and rescue operations along the primary sea routes, while delivering protection\nsupport and identifying the most vulnerable among those arriving. These efforts are realized through\nUNHCR\u2019s presence at key border and arrival points including Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain to\nidentify protection and humanitarian needs, provide assistance after disembarkation and support states\nin strengthening their asylum capacities. However, **UNHCR\u2019s response is hampered by critical**\n**underfunding** \u2014including in Greece where UNHCR activities remain only 45 per cent funded [4] impacting on the ability to deliver protection assistance including legal aid and referrals to specialized\nservices for vulnerable persons arriving.\n\n\n\nare present at disembarkation points in Italy\nand other Mediterranean countries, where\npeople arrive after undertaking perilous sea\njourneys. UNHCR works with national\nauthorities to ensure those arriving by sea\nare provided with adequate assistance and\ninformation\u2014including medical assistance,\nwhere needed\u2014while identifying\nopportunities for socio-economic inclusion\nand durable solutions, including\nresettlement and complementary pathways.\nA high number of sea arrivals continue to be\nobserved in Mediterranean countries in\nEurope and along the Northwest African\nmaritime route towards the Canary Islands.\n\n\n# 81.2\n\n%\n\n\n**(USD)** **(%)**\n\n\nMalta **$2.2M** 68%\n\nSpain **$6.8M** 73%\n\n\n**The \"Whole-of-Route\" Approach**\nUNHCR works with states to address the\nchallenges of irregular and mixed movements\nat Europe\u2019s borders through a comprehensive\n[route-based approach. This strategy focuses on](https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2024/en/148087)\ncoordinated actions to protect refugees and\nmigrants, uphold their rights and reduce\ndangerous journeys. It emphasizes cooperation\namong states, UN agencies and civil society to\nmanage irregular movements and ensure\nresponses align with international obligations.\n\n\n\n2 Mediterranean Situation [Operational Data Portal](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n3 8,500 arrivals to Italy; 6,900 to Greece; 6,500 arrivals to Spain (4,095 of whom arrived in the Canary Islands); and 216 to Cyprus.\n4 As of 30 September 2024.\n\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE**\n\n###### **South Eastern Europe**\n\n\nAs of June 2024, some 3,000 refugees and asylum-seekers were present in South Eastern Europe,\nincluding 199 unaccompanied and separated children. [5] UNHCR\u2019s [Strategy for engagement in mixed](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/strategy-unhcr-engagement-mixed-movement-western-balkans-revision-october-2021)\n[movements in the Western Balkans sets a foundation to work with partners to strengthen asylum systems](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/strategy-unhcr-engagement-mixed-movement-western-balkans-revision-october-2021)\nand identify viable solutions for refugees, as well as to eradicate statelessness, while fostering\nopportunities for integration and inclusion for those granted international protection. UNHCR is helping\nto build the capacities of local authorities to gradually assume greater responsibility for their asylum\nsystems, while also improving protection-sensitive migration management across the region, including\nrecognising the importance of effective return mechanisms for those not in need of international\nprotection. **Funding is needed to support these efforts and ensure sustainable programming** for\nintegration and inclusion, and to identify durable solutions for refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless\npeople in the region \u2013 which is itself a region of emigration.\n\n# 30.7\n\n\n%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Non-Ukrainian nationals; of these, 52 per cent were in Bosnia and Herzegovina; 25 per cent in Serbia; 7 per cent in Kosovo; 6 per cent each in Albania\nand Montenegro; and 4 per cent in North Macedonia. In North Macedonia, this number includes individuals outside government-run centres, with forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless people accommodated in government or IOM-run centres, asylum centres, and transit facilities. UNHCR utilises arrival data to\nestimate the numbers involved. Note: References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).\n\n\nPage 5 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE\n\n###### **Statelessness**\n\n\nJust under **490,000 stateless individuals are currently present in Europe** (out a total 4.4 million people\nglobally). In the region, UNHCR is providing legal advice and assistance to affected individuals, while\nengaging governments in developing Statelessness Determination Procedures, offering\nrecommendations on legislative proposals, and providing submissions to human rights mechanisms\n[along with legal and technical guidance on interpreting the UN Conventions on Statelessness. UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/ending-statelessness/un-conventions-statelessness)\nhas also co-facilitated regional initiatives to bring together high-level stakeholders in South Eastern\nEurope to address issues related to access to documentation and overcome obstacles to nationality,\nresulting in renewed commitments from participating States.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to support national authorities with the issuance of civil documentation, while\nundertaking advocacy, awareness-raising and capacity building. In October 2024, UNHCR is launching\nthe [Global Alliance to End Statelessness, bringing together key stakeholders to achieve the goal of](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/ending-statelessness)\nending statelessness. While national initiatives and ongoing strong political will in Europe remain\npromising, concrete efforts are needed to support those without legal recognition in the region.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019S 2024 FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS**\n**FOR STATELESSNESS-RELATED ACTIVITIES**\n**IN EUROPE**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL FUNDED (as of 30 Sept 2024)**\n\n\n\nThe breakthrough came early this year when with UNHCR\u2019s support, Sadik\u2019s wife Buqa obtained identity documents. This\nenabled the registration of their children in birth registries and paved the way for them to apply for identity documents.\nThe new legal status has opened new frontiers for the family, granting them access to healthcare, education, social\nassistance, and more.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Igor Sljivancanin\n\n\n_* References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999)._\n\n\nPage 6 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **2024 Europe financial requirements by outcome area**\n\nTotal: $1,465,225,124\n\n\n\n**OUTCOME AREA (OA)** **FINANCIAL**\n**REQUIREMENTS (USD)**\n\nOA1: Access to territory,\n$211,813,735\nregistration and documentation\n\nOA2: Refugee status\n$33,974,100\ndetermination\n\nOA3: Protection policy and law $54,927,225\n\nOA4: Gender-based violence $28,706,368\n\nOA5: Child protection $30,391,118\n\nOA6: Safety and access to justice $122,329,625\n\nOA7: Community engagement\n$146,627,784\nand women\u2019s empowerment\n\nOA8: Well-being and basic needs $347,232,237\n\nOA9: Sustainable housing and\n$213,922,043\nsettlements\n\n\n\n**OUTCOME AREA (OA)**\n\n\n\n**FINANCIAL**\n**REQUIREMENTS (USD)**\n\n\n\nOA11: Education $40,111,597\n\nOA13: Self-reliance, economic\n$49,004,339\ninclusion and livelihoods\n\nOA14: Voluntary repatriation and\n$12,650,941\nsustainable reintegration\n\nOA15: Resettlement and\n$15,313,313\ncomplementary pathways\n\nOA16: Local integration and other\n$112,163,620\nlocal solutions\n\nEA17: Systems $10,228,918\n\nEA18: Support $13,128,504\n\nEA19: People $5,688,961\n\nEA20: External $17,010,696\n\n\n\n\n\n**For more information, reports and other resources:**\n\n\n\n\n- [UNHCR Europe webpage](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/)\n\n- [UNHCR Europe region quarterly](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/search?search=quarterly%20updates&sm_site_name[]=Europe%20site)\nupdates\n\n- [UNHCR Europe country](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/search?search=Bi-annual%20fact%20sheet%202024%2009&sm_site_name%5B0%5D=Europe%20site)\noperation fact sheets\n\n\n\n\n- [UNHCR Global Focus](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/regions/europe)\nEurope webpage\n\n- [UNHCR Ukraine Emergency](https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/ukraine-emergency)\nwebpage\n\n\n\n**Operational data portals:**\n\n\n- [Ukraine Refugee Situation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n- [Europe Sea Arrivals](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/europe-sea-arrivals)\n\n\n\nwebpage **Contact:**\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for\nEurope\n[rbeext@unhcr.org](mailto:rbeext%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n**[Join our mailing list](https://manage.kmail-lists.com/subscriptions/subscribe?a=VYAYG5&g=QZGRtb)**\nwww.unhcr.org/europe\n\n\n\nPage 7 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/374e9362-93fe-47ef-8f0f-6555c9efb172/2024%20Critical%20Funding%20Needs%20-%20Europe.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_440/raw/doc_440_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_440/raw/doc_440_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d0e48d39a2d796a4382e8ca2264e193b857eb0c0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_440/raw/doc_440_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Key Considerations**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Uganda. Sophie during a chemistry class at Highland Secondary School.\nShe is one of over 230,000 South Sudanese refugees currently living\nin Bidibidi settlement after fleeing the civil war. \u00a9 UNHCR/Jjumba Martin\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nPURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT.............................................................................................................................04\n\n\nINTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................05\n\n\nWHAT ARE LOCAL SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES AND THEIR OBJECTIVES?.........................................06\n\n\nPROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS AND SAFEGUARDS..................................................................................08\n\n\nEXPANDING LOCAL SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES............................................................................................11\n\n\nREFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................................13\n\n\nLocal solutions for refugees: key considerations 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT\n\n\n\nMore than ever, ensuring refugees\u2019 access\nto durable solutions requires concerted\nefforts and shared responsibility among all\nstakeholders. For this reason, the Global\nCompact on Refugees outlines as one of\nits primary objectives to facilitate access to\ndurable solutions through a mix of solutions,\nencompassing the three traditional durable\nsolutions as well as other local solutions and\ncomplementary pathways for admission\nto third countries.\n\n\n4 Local solutions for refugees: key considerations\n\n\n\nThis paper aims to contribute to this objective\nby developing a better understanding of how\nlocal solutions may contribute to offering\nadditional avenues to durable solutions\nfor refugees. It defines and describes local\nsolutions, highlighting the notion of transitional\narrangements, as well as the protection\nguarantees and standards they should be\naccompanied with. In doing so, it also aims\nat outlining elements useful for developing\npledges and contributions for the second\nGlobal Refugee Forum of 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## INTRODUCTION\n\nAchieving durable solutions that enable refugees\nto rebuild their lives and live in safety and dignity\nis the ultimate outcome of international protection.\nIt is at the core of UNHCR\u2019s mandate and work\nin coordination with States and partners. [1]\nFollowing the provisions in the 1951 Convention\nrelating to the Status of Refugees (hereinafter\n1951 Convention), as well as the 1967 Protocol\nand the UNHCR Statute, the international\ncommunity has long recognized three traditional\ndurable solutions, i.e., voluntary repatriation to the\ncountry of origin, resettlement to a third country\nand local integration in a country of asylum.\n\nHowever, a growing number of refugees remain\nin precarious protracted protection situations with\nlittle hope of a durable solution. [2] Over the last\ndecade, record numbers sought refuge in other\ncountries, but those who have been displaced had\nfewer options for rebuilding their lives. The world\nhas clearly shifted from a decade of solutions\nto a decade of new and protracted displacement. [3]\nThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced\nthis trend, with a significant decline in the number\nof refugees who could access any durable\nsolutions compared to previous years. [4]\n\nTherefore, more than ever, ensuring access\nto durable solutions requires concerted efforts\nand shared responsibility among all stakeholders.\nIn doing so, the international community can build\non constructive dynamics and on the commitments\nmade by the UN General Assembly. Over the last\ndecade, a growing recognition has emerged that\nhumanitarian and development partners must\ncome together with refugees to facilitate access\nto durable solutions. This was evident in the\n2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,\n\n\n\nthe New York Declaration, the Comprehensive\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF), and\nthe 2018 Global Compact on Refugees, which\nprovide renewed opportunities and approaches\nto enhance refugees\u2019 access to durable solutions.\nIn particular, the Global Compact on Refugees\noutlines that _one of its primary objectives:_\n\n_\u201cis to facilitate access to durable solutions, including_\n_by planning for solutions from the outset of refugee_\n_situations\u201d. This is to be done through \u201ca mix_\n_of solutions\u201d, encompassing the three traditional_\n_durable solutions of voluntary repatriation,_\n_resettlement and local integration, as well as other_\n_local solutions and complementary pathways_\n_for admission to third countries, which may provide_\n_additional opportunities\u201d._ [5]\n\nWithin the context of the Global Compact on\nRefugees, developing a better understanding\nof local solutions may contribute to offering more\navenues to durable solutions for refugees.\nThe paper aims to define and describe local\nsolutions, which protection guarantees they\nshould be accompanied with, and demonstrates\nhow they may provide avenues for or complement\ndurable solutions. In doing so, it also aims at\noutlining elements useful for developing pledges\nand contributions for the second Global Refugee\nForum of 2023.\n\nThe first section defines the concept of local\nsolutions for refugees and their objectives,\nemphasizing how they can offer avenues to durable\nsolutions. The second section outlines protection\nconsiderations and safeguards that are critical\nfor local solutions to succeed. The last section\nreflects on how local solutions can be expanded.\n\n\n\n1 \u0007See in particular: United Nations General Assembly, _Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees_, 14 December 1950, A/\n[RES/428(V), available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3628.html [accessed 28 November 2021] and United Nations General Assembly,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3628.html) _Global_\n_Compact on Refugees_ [, December 2018, A/73/12 (Part II),, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf)\n\n2 \u0007UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Global Trends, Forced Displacement in 2020_ [, June 2021, p.44, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/](https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/)\n[flagship-reports/globaltrends/ [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/)\n\n3 \u0007UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Global Trends, Forced Displacement in 2019_ [, June 2020, pp.11-12, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/](https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/)\n[globaltrends2019/ [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/)\n\n4 \u0007UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Mid-Year Trends 2020_ [, December 2020, p.27, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/5fc504d44.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/5fc504d44.pdf)\n\n[accessed 28 November 2021]\n\n5 \u0007 _Global Compact on Refugees_, Op. cit., Para. 85.\n\n\nLocal solutions for refugees: key considerations 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## WHAT ARE LOCAL SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES AND THEIR OBJECTIVES?\n\n\n\nThe Global Compact on Refugees clearly\nreaffirmed the commitment of Member States to\nfacilitating access to the three traditional durable\nsolutions, while also recognizing that local\nsolutions and complementary pathways \u201cmay\nprovide additional opportunities\u201d. [6]\n\nThis notion of additionality is fundamental to\nunderstanding the concept behind \u2018local solutions\u2019\nand operationalizing its potential. Indeed, in its\nparagraph 100, the Global Compact clarified\nthat local solutions come \u201cin addition to local\nintegration\u201d and \u201cwithout prejudice to eventual\ndurable solutions that may become available\u201d.\nIn that sense, reflecting a progressive approach,\nlocal solutions appear as arrangements that do not\nreplace but complement and facilitate access to\ndurable solutions, particularly local integration.\nThis is to be done particularly through \u201cinterim legal\n\n\n\nstay\u201d, facilitating \u201cthe economic, social and cultural\ninclusion of refugees\u201d, fostering \u201cthe peaceful and\nproductive inclusion of refugees and the well-being\nof local communities\u201d, while addressing \u201cissues\nsuch as documentation and residence permits\u201d.\n\nIn a similar manner, complementary pathways for\nadmission to third countries have been described\nas arrangements which \u201cmay initially provide\nrefugees with temporary stay arrangements\u201d and\nhelp ensure \u201crefugees are better able to contribute\nto their own future solutions\u201d. [7]\n\nLocal solutions for refugees in countries of asylum\ncan therefore be defined in relation to transitional\nsolution arrangements aiming to assist and equip\nrefugees on their path towards a durable solution,\nnotably local integration. As such, local solutions\naim to contribute to States meeting their legal\n\n\n\nGermany. Syrian refugee, Mohammad Alkhalaf, on track to become a Deutsche Bahn engineer. \u00a9 UNHCR/Gordon Welters\n\n\n6 _Global Compact on Refugees_, Op. cit., Para. 85.\n\n7 \u0007UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Complementary Pathways for Admission of Refugees to Third Countries:_\n_Key Considerations_ [, April 2019, p.7, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5cebf3fc4.html [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5cebf3fc4.html)\n\n\n6 Local solutions for refugees: key considerations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "obligations _vis-\u00e0-vis_ the 1951 Convention and other\ninternational as well as regional human rights law\ninstruments, to provide refugees with secure legal\nstay and allow their access to rights and services.\nIndeed, local solutions have strong protection\nunderpinning, include protection safeguards and\nare part of protection as well as solutions strategies.\nLocal solutions are therefore also tools that can\ncontribute to strengthening refugee self-reliance,\nempowerment, and agency, benefiting refugees\nas well as host communities and fostering good\nrelations and peaceful coexistence between\nthose communities, thus contributing to\nconditions for attaining durable solutions.\n\nLocal solutions and local integration, therefore,\nhave in common the notion of socio-economic\nand cultural inclusion of refugees. The main\ndifference between the two resides in the former\nbeing a set of arrangements and tools to work\ntowards a durable solution, while the latter is a\ndurable solution. Moreover, a critical distinction\nresides in civil-political implications: although\nlocal solutions should include support from States\nand relevant stakeholders \u201cto address issues such\nas documentation and residence permits\u201d, local\nsolutions may or may not lead as such, to the\nacquisition of permanent residence rights and\nultimately to the acquisition of citizenship of the\nhost country. This permanency of the solution is\nthe main difference between local solutions and\nlocal integration.\n\nIn a similar manner, local solutions are connected\nto, but different from asylum. Local solutions\ncontribute to overcoming legal and practical\nbarriers allowing refugees access to rights and\nservices. As such, they should complement\nexisting asylum systems, contributing concretely\nand programmatically to a progressive approach\nto solutions.\n\nLocal solutions entail two main objectives.\nThe first one is to reinforce access to rights; the\nsecond \u2013 and connected \u2013 objective is to ensure\na progressive approach to potentially accessing\none of the durable solutions. Local solutions should\n\n\n\nnot prevent or hinder States in their continued\nefforts to secure durable solutions for refugees.\n\nWhile States have legal obligations to ensuring\nthe rights of refugees as well as to fulfil their\ncommitments to achieving durable solutions, local\nsolutions do not carry additional obligations to\nexisting rights. However, local solutions represent\nnew tools to fulfil States\u2019 responsibilities towards\nrefugees and plan for durable solutions. In line\nwith the Global Compact on Refugees, this is done\non the basis of support and solidarity from the\ninternational community. Numerous international\nand regional legal instruments, together with soft\nlaw sources, whether focusing specifically on\nrefugees, or on specific themes such as labour\nor human rights broadly, define refugee rights,\nand constitute the law and policy framework\nfor the protection of refugees. Key rights include\n_inter alia_ access to decent work and social\nprotection; education; health; documentation\nand to legal status; freedom of movement; the\nright to marriage and family life; housing, land\nand property rights; the protection of artistic rights\nand industrial property; and of course, the right\nto be protected against _refoulement._ [8]\n\nEnsuring refugees\u2019 access to those rights requires\na rights-based approach in the design, planning,\nimplementation, monitoring and evaluation at each\nlevel of policy and programs, for instance through\nlegal and practical mechanisms that facilitate\nthe appropriate civil, political, economic, social,\nand cultural inclusion of refugees by national\nauthorities and other stakeholders. In addition,\nefforts should be exerted to raise the awareness\nof service providers on refugees\u2019 rights for equal\ntreatment and opportunities.\n\nLocal solutions will aim to build and strengthen\nrefugees\u2019 capacities to attain durable solutions,\nthrough for instance economic and fiscal stimulus\nplans to support refugees\u2019 access to decent work\nas well as housing, education and social protection\nplans. Other stakeholders\u2019 capacities can also be\nstrengthened to develop knowledge, mechanisms,\nand programmes within the scope of local solutions.\n\n\n\n8 \u0007See for example: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _UNHCR Guidelines on International Legal Standards Relating_\n_to Decent Work for Refugees_ [, July 2021, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/60e5cfd74.html [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60e5cfd74.html)\n\n\nLocal solutions for refugees: key considerations 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Promoting such plans, without discrimination or\nexploitation, will help refugees become self-reliant\nand contribute to host economies by providing\na basis for equality, equity, and empowerment,\nhence reducing vulnerabilities and long-term aid\ndependency. Working towards local solutions\ncan also offer alternatives to camps, reduce\nrefugees\u2019 onward and irregular movements and\nprevent further displacement, while reducing the\nrisk of frustration and tensions among displaced\npopulations and host communities.\n\nFurther along, local solutions can also contribute\nto the achievement of durable solutions through\nequipping and preparing refugees, building\nconducive conditions for future (re)integration.\n\n\n\nFor instance, the acquisition of a legal status\nand ensuring refugees are economically and\nfinancially included in response and national\nplans as well as in social protection systems,\ncan help equip displaced populations to contribute\nto peacebuilding processes, address root causes\nin the country of origin and access economic\nand entrepreneurship opportunities at home.\nThe type of skills and experience gained through\ninclusion in the country of asylum influence\nthe (re)integration prospects elsewhere.\n\n\n## PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS AND SAFEGUARDS\n\n\n\n**Local solutions need to be implemented having**\n**safeguards in place that protect the rights of**\n**refugees and help fulfil their protection needs.**\n**In particular, the following key protection**\n**considerations need to be taken into account**\n**by States when implementing local solutions**\n**for refugees:**\n\n\n**THE RIGHT TO SEEK AND ENJOY ASYLUM AND**\n**PROTECTION AGAINST** _**REFOULEMENT**_ **:**\nSystems and procedures need to be in place\nto guarantee that refugees benefiting from local\nsolutions can apply for asylum, enjoy asylum\nwhen in need of international protection and\nare protected against _refoulement_ .\n\n\n**PROTECTION-CENTRED CRITERIA**\n**AND PROGRAMME DESIGN:**\nIt is important that local solutions are nondiscriminatory and do not make an unlawful\ndistinction on the basis of nationality, race,\n\n\n8 Local solutions for refugees: key considerations\n\n\n\ngender, religious belief, class or political opinion\nor any other ground. Local solutions need to be\nbased on objective criteria, taking into account\nthe specific situation of the refugees (e.g., ties\nwith the host community).\n\n\n**LEGAL STATUS AND DOCUMENTATION:**\nRefugees benefiting from local solutions shall\nhave access to legal status and documentation,\ni.e., a lawful status to stay as well as identity and\ncivil documentation in the country of asylum. In this\nrespect, flexibility is required due to the specific\nsituation of refugees as they are often not able to\napproach the authorities of their country of origin\nto authenticate or obtain personal documents.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Colombia. Venezuelan refugee, Yohana Bracamonte, seize\nchance to register for legal status. \u00a9 UNHCR/Diana Diaz\n\n\nLocal solutions for refugees: key considerations 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PREVENTION OF STATELESSNESS:**\nIt is important that local solutions do not\nincrease the risk of statelessness but reduce\nit, registering for example the birth of children\nborn to refugees and providing them with a\nlegal status and documentation.\n\n\n**ACCESS TO JUSTICE, RIGHTS, AND SERVICES:**\nRefugees benefiting from local solutions shall\nhave access to institutional mechanisms and\nprocedures that provide access to administrative\nand judicial processes, irrespective of their legal\nstatus. Support services such as health, education,\nlegal aid and representation, housing, counselling\nand psycho-social services, and language support\nare also important.\n\n\n**RESPECT FOR THE RIGHT TO FAMILY LIFE:**\nIt is important that refugees are able to maintain\ntheir family life and preserve the unity of their\nfamily. As such, refugees must have access\nto family reunification, allowing for their family\nmembers to join the refugee, or the refugee\nto join their family. Particularly for unaccompanied\nand separated children, States must ensure\nreunification with their parents in a positive,\nhumane and expeditious manner, in line with\nBest Interest of the Child determination.\n\n\n\n**ALIGNMENT WITH PROTECTION**\n**AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGIES:**\nWhere applicable, States are encouraged\nto work with UNHCR and partners to identify\ncontexts and refugee populations where\nopportunities for local solutions can have\na strategic impact on the protection\nenvironments and wellbeing of individuals\nand households in countries of asylum, in the\ncontext of comprehensive refugee responses.\n\n\n**REFUGEES AT THE CENTRE OF PROCESSES:**\nRefugees and their communities must be active\nparticipants of their own protection and solutions.\nThe integration of refugees\u2019 perspectives in the\ndesign and implementation of local solutions\nis key to ensuring that their specific situation\nand active contribution are taken into account.\nIt is equally important to take an age, gender\nand diversity approach in designing and\nimplementing local solutions. Regular feedback\nmechanisms and consultations with refugees on\nthe barriers that may prevent local solutions as\nwell as areas of improvement need to take place.\n\n\n**CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION:**\nThe respect for refugees\u2019 right to the protection of\ntheir personal data is fundamental, bearing in mind\nthe sensitive nature of refugees\u2019 personal data and\ninformation. Confidentiality is an important principle\nin the design and implementation of local solutions.\n\n\n\nDemocratic Republic of Congo. Meeting with refugee committee and local authorities in Ndu, Bas Uele Province. \u00a9 UNHCR/Vittoria Moretti\n\n\n10 Local solutions for refugees: key considerations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## EXPANDING LOCAL SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES\n\n\n\n**PROMOTING AND ADOPTING ENABLING**\n**AND INCLUSIVE LEGAL, POLICY,**\n**INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE**\n**FRAMEWORKS, AND PRACTICES**\n\n**Securing legal residency arrangements:**\nAt a point where refugees transit to a durable\nsolution, notably _de jure_ local integration and\nin other situations, refugees need access to\na secure legal status/legal residence regime,\nincluding through the issuance of a temporary,\nshort- or long-term residence permit that allows\nthem to progressively obtain permanent legal\nstatus and a pathway to naturalization. This,\nbeyond providing a degree of protection, can\nenable refugees to rebuild their lives, access\nservices and other opportunities likely to develop\nself-reliance and empower a degree of agency\ncontributing to realizing durable solutions. In this\nregard, enabling accessible and fair legal, policy,\ninstitutional and administrative frameworks\nand practices are important.\n\n**Facilitating civil, social, economic and cultural**\n**inclusion:** Given the minimum standards and\nrights enshrined in the 1951 Convention and\nthrough the 1967 Protocol, the 1969 OAU\nConvention, the principles of equal opportunity\nand treatment, and other relevant human rights\nand other instruments relating to civil, socioeconomic and cultural rights, and given the\nobligations of States parties, it is important to\nfacilitate the civil, social, economic and cultural\ninclusion of refugees in countries of asylum.\nSelf-reliant refugees, through economic and\nsocial inclusion opportunities, contribute to the\nlocal economy and the development of the host\ncountry, and in turn strengthen the resilience of\nhost and refugee communities. Favourable laws,\npolicies and practices can grant refugees a wide\nrange of rights, allowing freedom of movement\n(e.g., through out-of-camp policies), participation\nin income-generating activities, access to land,\neducation, skills training, the labour market,\nfinancial services such as savings and loans,\n\n\n\npublic services and assistance and the acquisition\nof property. Social and cultural interactions\nbetween refugees and local communities\nallow refugees to live among or alongside\nhost populations in a culturally diverse society.\nThe adoption of integrated approaches to\nservices and the inclusion of refugees in national\ndevelopment plans and programmes benefit\nboth the host and refugee community. Outreach\nto urban refugees and asylum-seekers is also\na facilitating factor of local solutions.\n\n\n**BURDEN- AND RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING**\n**AND A WHOLE-OF-SOCIETY APPROACH**\n\nBeyond political will, the implementation of\npolicies and laws that enable legal, social,\neconomic, and cultural inclusion, and the creation\nof appropriate frameworks and institutions,\nrequire partnerships, resources and joint\nplanning and monitoring as well as support from\nthe international community through financial,\ntechnical and other assistance. In particular,\ntimely, predictable, adequate, and sustainable\nhumanitarian and development funding is\ncrucial. At the national and local levels, a wholeof-government approach and the coordination\nand engagement of government actors at\ndifferent levels is paramount, together with the\nmobilization of the private sector, academia and\nresearch institutions, training institutes, financial\nand business development service providers,\nand other actors. Efforts to promote inclusion and\nintegration should also aim to build the capacity\nof different actors, including State institutions,\nrefugees and their communities, and civil society.\nAs part of the inclusion agenda, humanitarian and\ndevelopment assistance should be designed to\nbenefit both refugees and host communities by\npromoting an integrated approach.\n\n\n**ENHANCING DATA AND EVIDENCE**\n\nBearing in mind the imperative of protecting\nrefugees\u2019 personal data, advocacy efforts related\n\n\n\nLocal solutions for refugees: key considerations 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to the formulation/revision of laws and policies\nshould be based on data and evidence,\nincluding refugee profiling and mapping of skills.\nRecognizing the contributions of host countries\nby measuring the impact of hosting refugees,\nadvocating for refugee integration by measuring\nthe benefits of hosting refugees, and assessing\nthe positive contributions of refugees to local\neconomies and communities are important.\nStudies show the positive economic and\nsocial impacts that refugees have when they\nget the opportunity to integrate; and to the\noverall well-being of the community and its\nsocial interaction. [9] As the availability of data\nabout the local integration of refugees remains\nelusive, there is also a need to increase efforts\nto develop appropriate indicators for measuring\nand quantifying local integration in a way that\nis comparable and consistent across different\ncontexts. [10] Through its efforts to improve the\navailability and accessibility of high-quality\nsocio-economic data and evidence on affected\npopulations, the work of the UNHCR-World Bank\nJoint Data Centre on Forced Displacement can\nalso contribute to enhancing data and evidence\nin support of local solutions. [11]\n\n\n**REFUGEE, HOST COMMUNITY VOICES AND**\n**PARTICIPATORY APPROACH**\n\nFrom a rights-based and community-based\napproach perspective, the participation of\nrefugees and their hosts in the decision-making\nprocess from the early stage of displacement\nis critical when pursuing solutions and related\npathways. This includes ensuring their\nparticipation in the formulation of policies\nand laws, as well as in the development of\nstrategies and plans. The Global Compact on\nRefugees provides an opportunity to ensure\nthat refugee voices are translated into tangible\noutcomes. Therefore, efforts to support social\nand economic integration should also consider\ncommunity engagement activities, including\nAccountability to Affected Populations.\n\n\n\n**CREATING, EXPLORING, AND SUPPORTING**\n**REGIONAL MECHANISMS, GLOBAL AND**\n**LOCAL SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS TO**\n**ADVANCE OTHER LOCAL SOLUTIONS**\n\nRegional mechanisms and frameworks on free\nmovement of persons, right of residence and\nright of establishment are useful in exploring\ninterim legal arrangements and inclusion.\nOn the other hand, global and regional support\narrangements would facilitate the search\nfor solutions and related pathways and their\nattainment. That is the case, for example,\nwhen a conducive environment is created\nto leverage, enhance, and invest in sectors\nsuch as education, economic inclusion, selfemployment and wage employment (e.g.,\ncross-border financial services, recognition\nof skills and qualifications), health, and\ninfrastructure. In this context, reference to and\nuse of arrangements elaborated through the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees could prove useful\n(e.g., National arrangements; Support Platforms,\nRegional and sub-regional approaches).\n\n\n**ADVANCING LOCAL SOLUTIONS THROUGH**\n**GLOBAL REFUGEE FORUM PLEDGES**\n\nAt the first Global Refugee Forum in 2019, Member\nStates and other stakeholders made pledges [12] and\ncommitments linked to arrangements listed in the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees. Under the Solutions\ncategory, a total of 350 pledges were submitted\nwith 23% related to local integration and local\nsolutions. Capitalizing on the implementation\nof these pledges and on the local solutions\ntool described in this document, the second\nGlobal Refugee Forum of 2023 could generate\nfurther detailed and costed pledges to improve\naccess to durable solutions. Pledges on local\nsolutions or offers of support for States and other\nstakeholders eliciting to develop local solutions\nwith corresponding financial, technical and material\nsupport would bring important and concrete\ncontributions and encourage the development\nof further durable solutions in other countries.\n\n\n\n9 See: Betts, Alexander, _The Wealth of Refugees: How Displaced People Can Build Economies_, Oxford University Press, 2021 (1st edition).\n\n10 \u0007Expert Group on Refugee and Internally Displaced Persons Statistics, International Recommendations on Refugee Statistics (IRRS), March 2018,\n[available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/Principles_and_Recommendations/International-](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/Principles_and_Recommendations/International-Migration/2018_1746_EN_08-E.pdf)\n[Migration/2018_1746_EN_08-E.pdf [accessed 28 November 2021]](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/Standards-and-Methods/files/Principles_and_Recommendations/International-Migration/2018_1746_EN_08-E.pdf)\n\n[11 See: UNHCR-World Bank Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement: https://www.jointdatacenter.org](https://www.jointdatacenter.org)\n\n[12 See: 2019 Global Refugee Forum Pledges and Contributions Dashboard, available at: https://globalcompactrefugees.org/channel/pledges-contributions](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/channel/pledges-contributions)\n\n\n12 Local solutions for refugees: key considerations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/531ec711-b99f-3d42-8f11-74c8774509d4/ICVA-UNHCR-Local-Solutions-Paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_441/raw/doc_441_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_441/raw/doc_441_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 228d5dccaa5bd403047a814d6639b4af9ff9815b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_441/raw/doc_441_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **STRONGER** **DATA,** **BRIGHTER** **FUTURES**\n#### PROTECTING **CHILDREN ON** **THE MOVE** WITH DATA AND EVIDENCE\n###### **A continued** **call to action**\n\n**ROBUST DATA AND EVIDENCE**\n**are an essential component of**\n**policies and programmes that**\n**support a positive migration**\n**[experience for all. But serious](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)**\n**[data gaps persist, obscuring the](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)**\n**stories of some of the world\u2019s**\n**most vulnerable migrants:**\n**children. This brief, produced by**\n**the International Data Alliance**\n**for Children on the Move (IDAC)**\n**to coincide with the International**\n**Migration Review Forum (IMRF),**\n**[renews the call for Member](https://data.unicef.org/resources/call-action-protecting-children-move-starts-better-data/)**\n**States and stakeholders to act.**\n**It reiterates the key steps needed**\n**to improve data and better meet**\n**the urgent needs of the millions**\n**of children around the world who**\n**have left home.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STRONGER DATA, BRIGHTER FUTURES | Protecting Children on the Move with Data and Evidence\n\n# AN URGENT APPEAL for Millions of Children Around the World\n\n\n\nround the globe, children are\ncrossing borders in record numbers.\n### **A**\nIn 2020, some 35.5 million were living\noutside their country of birth. This is\nthe highest number ever recorded \u2013 and\ndoes not capture the large numbers\nof children on the move impacted by\nrecent events, such as the crises in\nAfghanistan and Ukraine. Around a\nthird of these 35.5 million children are\nrefugees and asylum seekers.\n\n\nWhile the urgency of conflict and crisis drives many families from\nhome \u2013 often quite suddenly \u2013 there are many other reasons\nchildren are on the move today: Children cross borders to escape\npoverty, violence and exploitation, discrimination, and other\nviolations of their rights. They move to pursue their right to learn\nand work and opportunities for personal growth and development.\nMany face this life-changing event alone, and too many children\non the move will spend their formative years living with great\nuncertainty and insecurity.\n\n#### THE RIGHT TO THRIVE\n\n\nMigration acts as an important lifeline for millions of children\nwhether they move in response to shocks \u2013 economic,\nenvironmental or geopolitical, for instance \u2013 or by circumstances\nthat slowly deteriorate due to factors like climate change or\nfailing state institutions. In many scenarios, children comprise a\ndisproportionate number of those who are on the move, particularly\namong those forced to flee their country of origin: While around\n1 in 10 international migrants without a refugee background is\na child, almost half of those who are refugees are under the age\nof 18, as seen in the high numbers of Ukrainian children crossing\nborders in March 2022. [1,2]\n\n\n\n**Children on the move** describes girls and boys who have\nleft home for any reason, including conflict, violence,\ndisasters, lack of opportunities or other threats to their\nwell-being. They may be in transit or have found new\nresidency within their country or outside of it. They may\nbe alone or with a caregiver or parent. The term includes\nall child migrants.\n\n\nThe story of every child on the move is unique and personal\n\n- so, too, are the deprivations and rights violations they will\nencounter throughout their journeys and in host communities. Their\nimmediate and long-term protection needs will vary greatly by the\ncircumstances and specifics of their movement. Policymakers must\nbe attuned to these differences to design effective interventions\nand strategically position resources \u2013 and collecting the data\nthat reflect these details and can inform targeted actions is the\nnecessary first step.\n\n\n~~**Timely, reliable and accurate data are the vital**~~\n~~**backbone to evidence-based policies and programmes**~~\n~~**that not only protect children on the move, but also**~~\n~~**uphold the rights of all migrants.**~~\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[1. International Data Alliance for Children on the Move, Missing from the Story: The urgent need for better data to protect children on the move, IDAC Data InSIGHT, no. 1, IDAC, 2021; \u201cInternational](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)\nmigrants\u201d refers to the \u201cmigrant stock\u201d, usually defined as the resident foreign-born population in a country.\n[2. United Nations, \u2018Ukraine War Creating a Child Refugee Almost Every Second: UNICEF\u2019, News note, 15 March 2022.](https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113942)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### THE GCM AND DATA: TIME TO RENEW OUR FOCUS\n\nThe Global Compact for Migration (GCM) recognized the paramount\nimportance of data and evidence in protecting migrants \u2013 including\n[children on the move \u2013 in Objective 1, \u201cCollect and utilize accurate](https://www.migrationdataportal.org/global-compact-for-migration)\nand disaggregated data as a basis for evidence-based policies\u201d. [3]\nThese data underpin child protection efforts in all stages of the\nmigration journey, and act as a key building block of effective\nmigration governance and sustainable development.\n\n\n~~**But the real scale of migration around the globe \u2013 and**~~\n~~**especially that of the most vulnerable populations, like**~~\n~~**children \u2013 remains unknown**~~ ~~.~~ Numbers are often derived from\nestimation with many assumptions. The limited data are further\nhindered by large gaps that obscure the most basic information\nabout children on the move.\n\n\nThere is an unprecedented number of children on the move in Latin\nAmerica and the Caribbean, for instance \u2013 children that commonly\nface extreme challenges to their safety and security. [4] But to date,\nmany are missing from the data \u2013 and the data that are available\ndo not tell us how old they are, their sex, their precise location,\ntheir condition and needs, and other critical details to ensure they\nreceive the appropriate support and assistance.\n\n\nchild who is missing from the data\nis more likely to see her or his\n### **A**\nrights violated. When children are not\ncounted, their well-being cannot be\nprotected. They will miss out on vital\nprotection schemes and programmes\ndesigned to support them.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[3. See United Nations, Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, Draft outcome document of the Conference, President of the General](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N18/244/47/PDF/N1824447.pdf?OpenElement)\nAssembly, A/CONF.231/3, United Nations, New York, 30 July 2018, paragraph 17.\n[4. United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, \u2018Latin America and the Caribbean: About 3.5 million children to be affected by migration next year \u2013 UNICEF\u2019, Press release, UNICEF, 3 December 2021. .](https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/press-releases/latin-america-and-caribbean-about-3.5-million-children-to-be-affected-by-migration-next-year)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STRONGER DATA, BRIGHTER FUTURES | Protecting Children on the Move with Data and Evidence\n\n\n\n\n\nTo date, data-related conversations in the framework of the\nGCM have largely focused on remittances and migrants\u2019\ncontributions to host and home communities and incidents of\nexploitation, such as human trafficking. But children on the\nmove, and the specifics of their data needs, have been notably\nmissing from the discussion. Data-related initiatives in pursuit\nof the GCM have not done enough to incorporate an evidencebased child-sensitive lens, which is one of the GCM\u2019s guiding\nprinciples. It is time for this to change.\n\n\ns we gather at this important\njuncture for the GCM and renew\n### **A**\nour commitment to protecting the\nrights of all migrants, we must shine a\nlight on the millions of children among\nthem who have yet to be heard. We\nmust redouble efforts to identify and\naddress the persistent data gaps that\nleave these children in the shadows.\n~~To realize the GCM\u2019s guiding principles~~\n~~and achieve Objective 1, and to ensure~~\n~~no one is left out of the 2030 Agenda,~~\n~~we must commit to improving the data~~\n~~and evidence on children on the move.~~\nBy doing so, we are making vital\ninvestments in a brighter future for\nmillions of children **.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# THE PATH TO BETTER DATA: Strategic action points, initiatives to inspire action\n\n\n\nSince the GCM was adopted, important work aligned with the\n2018 Call to Action has taken place at country, regional and\ninternational level to improve data for children on the move. But\nmuch more needs to be done to ensure that migration data takes\nthese children into account. The past four years \u2013 including the\nwork achieved by many IDAC members \u2013 have made clear that\npartnerships, collaboration and investment in data work are all\nneeded to achieve real and timely progress.\n\n\nThe five action points in the Call to Action provide an important\nroad map for Member States and other stakeholders to improve\nthe data landscape and protect children on the move. Many\nchallenges remain, as summarized over the following pages.\nBut existing and emerging activities demonstrate how strategic\ninvestments can ensure children on the move are counted in data\ncollection efforts and policymakers can be held accountable for\ntheir well-being. The initiatives highlighted in this brief offer\nMember States valuable resources and engaging opportunities to\nenhance the national data landscape on migration.\n\n\nFor a more detailed analysis of both the gaps in migration data\non children and the initiatives taking place around the world to\naddress them, see the recent IDAC publication, _[Missing from the](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)_\n_[Story: The urgent need for better data to protect children](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)_\n_[on the move](https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/)_ .\n\n\n#### DISAGGREGATE DATA BY AGE, SEX AND MIGRATORY STATUS [5]\n\n\n- Disaggregating data on migrants by age and sex\n(including for data on regular and irregular migrants,\nasylum seekers, refugees and unaccompanied minors)\nis crucial to the proper identification and monitoring\nof children on the move. Multiple, consistent age\nclassifications that allow data on children to be\nclassified into different groups must be made available to\nenable policymakers to analyse the evolving aspects of\nchildren\u2019s well-being.\n\n- Data must be disaggregated by migratory status (usually\nbased on country of birth or citizenship, but other criteria\ncan be used additionally, such as displacement status)\nto ensure children on the move are not left out of efforts\nto achieve the 2030 Agenda (see box on p. 6 for further\ndetails). These data foster understanding of living\nconditions and of important indicators of well-being,\nsuch as access to education, health and other vital\nservices. To date, disaggregation by migratory status\nremains low.\n\n- Standardization of the definitions and methodologies\nneeded to foster disaggregation is a considerable\nchallenge given Member States\u2019 differing statistical and\nadministrative set ups. Standardization is necessary\nfor data integration, comparability, sharing and\nanalysis at regional, continental and global levels. The\n[revised conceptual framework and accompanying](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/migration-expert-group/task-forces/taskforce-2)\n[definitions for statistics on international migration and](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/migration-expert-group/task-forces/taskforce-2)\n[mobility \u2013 endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/migration-expert-group/task-forces/taskforce-2)\nin 2021 \u2013 provides a benchmark for standardizing\nstatistical definitions and methodologies. Member\nStates\u2019 implementation of the framework will strengthen\nthe production of reliable statistics on international\nmigration and ensure that data systems are developed\nusing comparable frameworks and mechanisms for data\ncollection and sharing.\n\n\n\n[5. \u201cMigratory status\u201d has been added to this action point per recommendation of the Expert Group on Migration Statistics.](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/migration-expert-group/methodology/TR_on_migration_SDG_indicators_rev1-Feb2021-4.pdf)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "migration data", - "confidence": 0.9459279179573059, - "start": 59, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children on the move", - "confidence": 0.8952906131744385, - "start": 44, - "end": 48 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "migration data\non children", - "confidence": 0.9023793935775757, - "start": 210, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDAC publication", - "confidence": 0.5041245818138123, - "start": 229, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDAC", - "confidence": 0.5198431611061096, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on children", - "confidence": 0.5608898997306824, - "start": 329, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2030", - "confidence": 0.7369719743728638, - "start": 402, - "end": 403 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children on the move", - "confidence": 0.8059378862380981, - "start": 317, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Migration Statistics", - "confidence": 0.9950071573257446, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STRONGER DATA, BRIGHTER FUTURES | Protecting Children on the Move with Data and Evidence\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[6. Mosler Vidal, Elisa, Leave No Migrant Behind: The 2030 Agenda and data disaggregation, International Organization for](https://publications.iom.int/books/leave-no-migrant-behind-2030-agenda-and-data-disaggregation)\nMigration, Geneva, 2021.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### COVER KEY ISSUES RELATING TO CHILDREN ON THE MOVE\n\n\n- To ensure the well-being of children on the move is being\nfactored into national programmes, data must capture\nthe extent to which children are able to access essential\nservices. These include education, health, nutrition, water\nand sanitation, and child protection. Data must count and\ntrack unaccompanied and separated children and family\nreunification. They must also reflect the impact of migrating\nparents on children who remain at home. A child\u2019s agency \u2013\nto pursue aspirations, to be able to protect themselves \u2013 is\nalso an important aspect of well-being. More investments are\nneeded in qualitative and longitudinal data that demonstrate\nthe extent to which children can exercise this right.\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STRONGER DATA, BRIGHTER FUTURES | Protecting Children on the Move with Data and Evidence\n\n#### MAKE BETTER USE OF EXISTING DATA, AND SHARE IT\n\n\n - Significant data collection efforts are taking place at country, regional\nand international level, but Member States\u2019 capacities to collect, analyse\nand share these data vary. This is due to different factors, including, for\nexample, availability of resources, technical know-how and government\npriorities. Data concerning children on the move are often derived\nfrom different sources \u2013 through censuses and population surveys,\nadministrative data, new technology-based initiatives and citizengenerated data. Combining and integrating these data is a valuable\nresource in the production of migration statistics.\n\n - New norms and practices are needed for data sharing between countries,\nacross regions and across sectors and agencies. Systematic data-sharing\nbetween stakeholders within or outside of government agencies and\nanalysis of collated data allow these data to effectively inform policies\nand programmes. Leveraging the data generated by governments and\nhumanitarian actors working in migration and displacement contexts at the\ncountry and regional level will foster a much-needed bottom-up approach.\n\n - Governments, humanitarian actors and development agencies often\ncollect data using their own methodologies and systems. Synchronized\napproaches are needed to avoid overlap, confusion and duplication of\nefforts and resources and to share the collected information among\njoint stakeholders. This includes integration of innovative data sources\n\n - such as big data, social media and mobile phone data \u2013 which have\ngreat potential to capture further details about migration experiences.\nWhen discussing these types of data, it is important to consider that\nchildren often lack access to these tools, and therefore may not be well\nrepresented in the evidence.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### COORDINATE DATA EFFORTS WITHIN COUNTRIES AND ACROSS BORDERS\n\n\n- Statistical offices play a host of crucial roles in upholding the\nrights of children on the move through improved data: They can\nidentify gaps, coordinate data collection and cross-verification,\nand promote consistency between data collected or managed\nby different government bodies involving migrant children.\nConcerned government authorities need to establish their own\nstatistical units where not already in place, and prioritize data on\nchildren on the move.\n\n- Collecting data on children on the move must be considered\na priority and an integral part of broader efforts to achieve\nsustainable development. Donors (countries, foundations, etc.)\nmust invest more in data initiatives, by drawing good practices\nand lessons learned from pioneering regional mechanisms like\nthe African Union, Association of Southeast Asian Nations,\nEconomic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,\nEconomic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean,\nand European Union.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "migration statistics", - "confidence": 0.8095629811286926, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Data concerning children on the move", - "confidence": 0.7499380111694336, - "start": 82, - "end": 88 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "big data", - "confidence": 0.500636100769043, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on\nchildren on the move", - "confidence": 0.8957077860832214, - "start": 387, - "end": 393 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9287797808647156, - "start": 366, - "end": 368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Across borders, governments,\nregional bodies, the United Nations\nand international organizations,\ncollaboration should be strengthened.\n\n\n\n\n#### MAKE SPECIAL EFFORTS TO COLLECT AND ANALYSE DATA ON CHILDREN\n\n\n- Despite increasing global awareness of the importance of better data\nfor evidence-based policies and programmes, very little attention has\nbeen paid to data on children on the move. National strategies for the\ndevelopment of statistics must channel the necessary financial resources\nto child migration-related statistical programmes and activities in the\nnational statistical system.\n\n- Governments need to explore innovative approaches to strengthening\nnational data systems to ensure that migrant children are seen and\ncounted. Partnerships with international organizations, the private sector,\nNGOs and academics are needed to close the data gaps created by\ntraditional data approaches.\n\n- Given the delicate nature of children\u2019s data, however, sufficient care must\nbe observed at all stages of data collection, analysis and sharing, especially\nwhen these activities involve the participation of children on the move\nthemselves. Data collection efforts must comply with child protection\nstandards and abide by the principle to \u201cdo no harm\u201d.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STRONGER DATA, BRIGHTER FUTURES | Protecting Children on the Move with Data and Evidence\n\n# PRIORITIZING CHILDREN on the move today for a brighter tomorrow\n\n\n\nRecent humanitarian crises remind us that much more needs\nto be done to live up to the promises of the GCM, uphold the\nprinciples of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and\nachieve the 2030 Agenda to guarantee the protection of all\nchildren on the move through better data. Member States must\nactively engage in the strategic action points described in this\nrenewed call to action \u2013 they provide a road map to ensure\nthat sustainable progress will be made to improve the data and\nevidence on children on the move.\n\n\nConcerted efforts are needed to share experiences, good\npractices and lessons learned in order to improve migration\ndata and promote solutions that are grounded in the day-to-day\nrealities of data producers and data users. Top-down (UN- and\ninternational organization-led) and bottom-up approaches led by\nnational authorities and non-state partners are equally vital to\nprotecting children on the move through enhanced data. There\nare many ways to engage in this work \u2013 IDAC offers a unique\nopportunity to be a part of a whole-of-society approach that\nhelps make the vision of a safe migration for all a reality. More\n[details on IDAC work can be found here.](https://data.unicef.org/resources/international-data-alliance-for-children-on-the-move/)\n\n\n#### A CONCERTED PLEDGE\n\nAn important next step is that the Progress Declaration expected\nto be adopted at the end of the IMRF recognizes the slow and\nlimited progress made in implementing GCM objective 1 in terms\nof child migration data. The Declaration must send a clear signal\nto governments and other crucial partners that real progress on\nthe data front can only be achieved if Member States consider\nthe data needs of children on the move as a priority, matched by\npolitical, technical and financial investments.\n\n\nOver the next four years, let\u2019s pledge to fill the gaps, learning\nfrom, building upon and expanding on the progress that has\nbeen achieved. This must happen at all governance levels,\nand we must hold ourselves accountable to new standards\nin the migration data landscape. For instance, by the 2026\nIMRF, Member States can pledge to voluntarily report on their\nprogress toward implementing the data-related objectives of\nthe GCM, vis-\u00e0-vis established standards and indicators on child\nmigration data.\n\n\nA cooperative approach hinging on shared responsibility\nbetween governments and key stakeholders in humanitarian\nand development communities is vital to improving the data on\nchildren on the move and ensuring that every child is counted,\nseen, heard and protected, no matter how far away from\nhome they may be.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Behind every number is a child\u2019s story.\n\n**Muzoon Almellehan**, _UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador._\n\nAs an adolescent, Muzoon was forced to flee Syria.\n\nShe is now an education activist\nworking to help keep Syrian girls in school.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51d4ceac-d58a-4e66-9c9f-877a89204316/IDAC_Stronger-Data-Brighter-Futures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_442/raw/doc_442_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_442/raw/doc_442_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 106f1fb8fc269b9466e639f6b9eba2fdd1d96ba7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_442/raw/doc_442_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Global \r Protection \r Cluster \r (GPC) \r Retreat \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r Geneva, \r 21-\u00ad\u201022 \r February \r 2012\n\n\n**IDPs Outside of Camps**\n\nErin \r Mooney, \r UNHCR \r Yemen\n\n- The \r ICRC, \r in \r a \r landmark \r 2009 \r report \r on \r the \r challenges \r of \r responding \r to \r internal \r displacement,\nemphasized: \r \u201c **camps \r deflect \r the \r world\u2019s \r attention \r from \r the \r harsh \r truth \r of \r internal**\n**displacement.** \u201d [1] Indeed, \r when \r I \r think \r of \r my \r visits \r to \r IDPs \r over \r the \r years, \r sometimes \r this \r has\nbeen \r to \r a \r camp, \r but \r just \r as \r often \r it \r has \r been \r to \r places \r such \r as \r an \r abandoned \r factory, \r a \r cubby\nhole \r under \r the \r stairwell \r of \r a \r hospital, \r a \r stable, \r an \r empty \r swimming \r pool, \r a \r shantytown, \r an\napartment \r building \r (living \r with \r another \r family \r or \r on \r their \r own), \r makeshift \r shelters \r in \r the \r bush \r or\njungle, \r dug-\u00ad\u2010out \r caves, \r and \r people \r still \r on \r the \r run.\n\n- Increased \r attention \r recently \r \u2013 \r by \r the \r IASC, \r the \r UN \r Special \r Rapporteur \r on \r the \r Human \r Rights \r of\nIDPs, \r and \r the \r GPC \r through \r this \r panel \r \u2013 \r to \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps \r therefore \r is \r most \r relevant. \r For,\n**if \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps \r do \r not \r receive \r attention, \r protection \r and \r assistance, \r then \r most \r IDPs \r in**\n**the \r world \r are \r not \r protected \r and \r assisted** .\n\n- Certainly, \r this \r is \r true \r in \r Yemen, \r where \r of \r the \r nearly \r half \r a \r million \r (465,000 \r registered) \r IDPs, \r the\n**overwhelming \r majority \r of \r IDPs \r (almost \r 90%) \r live \r outside \r of \r camps** .\n\n- The **reasons** why \r so \r few \r IDPs \r in \r Yemen \r live \r in \r camps \r are \r mostly \r cultural. \r Specifically, \r cultural\nnorms \r dictate \r that \r it \r is \r inappropriate \r for \r women \r to \r be \r living \r in \r close \r quarters \r with \r men \r and\nadolescent \r males \r who \r are \r not \r relatives \r or \r even \r among \r adolescent \r and \r adult \r male \r relatives \r to\nwhom \r they \r are \r not \r married. \r In \r other \r words, \r privacy \r concerns \r are \r paramount.\n\n\n**Typology \r of \r situations \r of \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps \r in \r Yemen**\n\n\nFor \r the \r vast \r majority \r of \r IDPs \r who \r are \r outside \r of \r camps, \r several \r different \r scenarios \r exist. \r The\n**typology \r of \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps** in \r Yemen \r includes \r at \r least \r 6 \r different \r categories, \r each \r of \r which\npresents \r specific \r operational \r constraints:\n\n1. Especially \r in \r the \r initial \r phase \r of \r displacement, \r some \r IDPs \r managed \r to \r find \r accommodation \r with\n\n**host families**, \r usually \r with \r relatives.\n\n_However,_ with \r displacement \r becoming \r protracted, \r the \r hospitality \r of \r host \r families, \r who\nthemselves \r often \r are \r suffering \r economic \r hardship, \r increasingly \r is \r under \r strain.\n\nTo \r ease \r the \r burden, \r some **support \r to \r host \r families** has \r been \r provided \r to \r the \r extent \r possible,\nbut \r it\u2019s \r not \r enough \r to \r ease \r the \r inevitable \r pressures, \r especially \r beyond \r the \r emergency \r phase.\nMoreover, \r in \r any \r case, \r overcrowding \r and \r privacy \r concerns \r remain.\n\n\n2. Those \r IDPs \r can \r afford \r it \r are **renting apartments, or just rooms,** to \r house \r their \r family _._\n\n_However,_ with \r displacement \r becoming \r protracted \r and \r with \r the \r economic \r downturn, \r IDPs\nare \r finding \r it \r more \r and \r more \r difficult \r to \r meet \r their \r rental \r payments \r and \r thus \r are \r at\nheightened \r risk \r of \r eviction.\n\n**Rental \r subsidies** have \r been \r provided \r to \r IDPs \r in \r some \r locations, \r to \r help \r them \r stave \r off \r this\nrisk. \r Yet, \r resource \r constraints \r mean \r this \r is \r not \r possible \r for \r all \r IDPs \r or \r host \r families; \r nor \r is \r this\nsupport \r sustainable \r over \r the \r long-\u00ad\u2010term.\n\n**3.** **Collective** **centres,** mainly \r in \r schools, \r have \r arisen \r throughout \r the \r country, \r especially \r in \r the\n\nemergency \r phase \r of \r displacement. This \r phenomenon \r has \r been \r especially \r prevalent \r in \r Aden,\n\n\n1 ICRC, _Internal \r Displacement \r in \r Armed \r Conflict: \r Facing \r Up \r to \r the \r Challenges_ (ICRC, \r 2009), \r p. \r 13.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1df97844-daf5-38ac-9962-eaf906e7976c/IDPs%20outside%20camps%20EM%20tps%20for%20GPC%20Retreat%20%282012-2%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "where \r with \r the \r new \r displacement \r crisis \r in \r the \r south \r that \r began \r in \r late \r May \r 2011, \r initially \r more\nthan \r 110 \r schools \r were \r used \r as \r emergency \r shelter \r for \r IDPs. \r At \r the \r time, \r the \r schools \r were \r out \r of\nsession \r and \r the \r displacement \r was \r expected, \r including \r by \r IDPs, \r to \r be \r temporary.\n\n_However,_ it\u2019s \r now \r been \r more \r than \r 9 \r months \r and \r there \r are \r still \r some \r 20,000 \r IDPs \r still \r living\nin \r 80 \r schools \r in \r Aden. \r Establishing \r a \r camp \r for \r these \r IDPs \r initially \r had \r been \r proposed \r by \r the\nGovernment, \r and \r continues \r to \r be \r called \r for \r by \r some, \r especially \r within \r the \r host \r community.\nYet, \r the \r idea \r of \r a \r camp \r continues \r to \r be \r adamantly \r rejected \r by \r IDPs, \r based \r on \r cultural \r norms.\nEchoing \r the \r views \r of \r IDPs, \r the \r humanitarian \r country \r team \r consistently \r has \r advocated \r that \r a\ncamp \r must \r be \r a \r last \r resort, \r to \r which \r the \r Government \r agrees.\n\n**Alternative \r shelter** options \r for \r IDPs \r in \r the \r schools \r have \r been \r advocated \r and \r identified \r since\nlast \r summer. \r However, \r a \r decision \r has \r not \r yet \r been \r taken \r by \r the \r Government. \r One \r of \r the\nconcerns \r of \r the \r host \r community \r is \r that \r if \r IDPs \r are \r moved \r into \r alternative \r buildings \r with\nadequate \r services, \r as \r opposed \r to \r a \r camp, \r \u201cthey \r may \r never \r leave\u201d. \r At \r the \r same \r time, \r and\ndespite \r mitigating \r measures, \r the \r schools \r are \r neither \r fully \r functional \r as \r learning \r institutions,\nnor \r do \r they \r provide \r adequate \r shelter \r for \r IDPs.\n\n4. Many, \r if \r not \r most, \r IDPs \r are \r living \r in **informal** **settlements** **or** **\u201coutside\u201d** **settlements.** This \r is \r a\n\nbroad \r category: \r it \r includes \r everything \r from \r spontaneous \r settlements \r comprised \r of \r rudimentary\nmakeshift \r shelters, \r to \r a \r former \r camp \r that \r retains \r a \r number \r of \r the \r vestiges \r and \r services \r (eg.\ngovernment \r security) \r of \r a \r camp.\n\nThese settlements **range \r in \r size** from \r several \r hundred \r to \r just \r a \r handful \r of \r people. **Many \r such**\n**settlements \r exist** ; \r in \r the \r northern \r governorate \r of \r Hajjah \r alone, \r there \r are \r estimated \r to \r be\nmore \r than \r 600 \r such \r settlements.\n\nThe \r large \r number \r of \r these \r settlements \r dispersed \r across \r a \r vast \r area \r poses \r obvious **logistical**\n**and** **access \r constraints** . \r These \r informal \r settlements \r are \r found \r both \r in \r semi-\u00ad\u2010urban \r areas \r as\nwell \r as \r in \r extremely \r remote \r areas, \r which \r in \r some \r cases \r are \r not \r accessible \r by \r road. \r With\nlimited \r staff \r and \r resources, \r it \r simply \r is \r not \r feasible \r to \r undertake \r direct \r regular \r field\nmonitoring \r in \r these \r settlements **. \r Insecurity**, \r leading \r to \r restrictions \r on \r road \r travel, \r also \r is \r a\nmajor \r constraint. \r Moreover, \r a \r number \r of \r these \r settlements \r as \r the \r population \r is \r mobile,\nwhich \r further \r complicates \r planning \r and \r response.\n\nEven \r where \r settlements \r are \r more \r established, **lack \r of \r clarity \r as \r to \r who \r owns \r the \r land** often\nposes \r complications \r for \r assisting \r IDPs, \r and \r on \r virtually \r every \r issue: \r from \r providing \r landfill \r to\nlevel \r what \r is \r essentially \r a \r pit \r where \r IDPs \r are \r living \r and \r which \r gets \r flooded \r every \r rainy\nseason, \r to \r building \r more \r durable \r shelters, \r to \r implementing \r self-\u00ad\u2010reliance \r project.\n\n**5.** **Caves:** Several \r IDP \r families \r have \r been \r living \r for \r months \r in \r caves, \r where \r they \r sought \r shelter \r from\n\nshelling. \r These \r IDPs \r had \r no \r other \r place \r to \r go. \r As \r one \r IDP \r woman \r living \r said: \r \u201c _We \r don\u2019t \r have_\n_relatives \r to \r live \r with, \r nor \r do \r we \r have \r enough \r money \r to \r rent \r our \r own \r apartment \r like \r other \r IDPs_ \u201d.\nHer \r family \r of \r 6 \r lives \r in \r a \r cave \r measuring \r 18 \r sq.m [2], \r together \r with \r their \r cow, \r three \r goats, \r and \r four\nsheep. \r Living \r conditions \r in \r the \r caves \r are \r extremely \r poor \r especially \r in \r regarding \r sanitation \r and\nhygiene. \r Access \r often \r has \r been \r difficult \r due \r to \r insecurity: \r for \r several \r months, \r these \r IDPs\nessentially \r were \r essentially \r invisible \r and \r cut \r off \r from \r assistance.\n\n**6.** **Nomadic** populations: \r Among \r IDPs \r are \r also \r populations \r which \r were \r nomadic \r prior \r to\n\ndisplacement \r and \r still \r are \r mobile, \r including \r some \r not \r even \r having \r stayed \r in \r one \r place \r long\nenough \r to \r be \r registered \r as \r IDPs. \r Settlements \r sometimes \r appear \r and \r disappear \r overnight.\n\nIn \r short, \r when \r we \r say \r IDPs \r \u201coutside \r of \r camps\u201d, **a \r complex \r range \r of \r situations** is \r actually \r at \r issue.\n\nA \r common \r feature, \r however, \r is \r that \r with \r the \r exception \r to \r some \r extent \r of \r those \r IDPs \r in \r collective\ncentres, **protection \r and \r assistance \r has \r been \r much \r less \r consistent** to \r IDPs \r outside \r camps.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1df97844-daf5-38ac-9962-eaf906e7976c/IDPs%20outside%20camps%20EM%20tps%20for%20GPC%20Retreat%20%282012-2%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Operational \r constraints \r and \r specific \r protection \r concerns \r of \r IDPs \r outside \r of**\n\n\nNational legal and institutional framework: \r Paradoxically, \r despite \r the \r fact \r that \r the \r overwhelming\nmajority \r of \r IDPs \r in \r Yemen \r are \r outside \r of \r camps, \r there \r exists \r a **general \r predisposition \r towards**\n**camps** among \r key \r stakeholders, \r in \r particular \r the \r Government \r and \r host \r communities. \r In \r fact, \r this\ntowards \r camps \r is \r reflected \r in \r the \r national \r legal \r and \r institutional \r framework. \r Specifically, \r the\nnational \r institutional \r focal \r point \r for \r IDPs \r is \r entitled \r the \r \u201cExecutive \r Unit \r for \r IDP \r Camps\u201d. \r Beyond \r the\ntitle, \r the \r assumption \r of \r IDPs \r being \r \u201cin \r camps\u201d \r infuses \r the \r legal \r mandate \r of \r the \r institution. \r Indeed,\nthe \r first \r response \r of \r the \r Government \r to \r new \r displacements \r has \r tended \r to \r be \r to \r advocate \r the\nestablishment \r of \r camps; \r for \r instance, \r in \r response \r to \r the \r new \r IDP \r crisis \r in \r the \r South \r in \r summer \r 2011.\nMoreover, \r at \r one \r stage \r in \r 2009-\u00ad\u201010, \r the \r Government \r had \r advocated \r that \r humanitarian \r assistance\nshould \r be \r provided \r only \r to \r IDPs \r in \r camps.\n\n\uf0d8 The **national \r IDP \r policy** currently \r being \r developed \r by \r the \r Government \r of \r Yemen, \r with\n\nUNHCR \r support, \r will \r formalize \r what \r in \r practice \r is \r a \r more \r comprehensive \r scope \r of \r the\nExecutive \r Unit\u2019s \r mandate, \r to \r cover \r also \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps.\n\n\nPhysical Access: \r The **number** of \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r settlements, \r the **distance** to \r travel \r to \r them, \r sometimes \r in\nareas \r inaccessible \r by \r road, \r in \r a \r highly \r unpredictable **security** environment, \r inevitably \r makes \r physical\naccess \r to \r these \r IDPs \r challenging.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Under \r such \r circumstances, \r supporting \r IDPs\u2019 \r own \r coping \r mechanisms \r and \r working \r through\n\ncommunity-\u00ad\u2010based \r networks \r therefore \r is \r especially \r important.\n\n\nAccess to Information: \r Access \r constraints \r also \r make \r data \r collection, \r assessments, \r and \r critical\nactivities \r like \r IDP \r registration \r and \r regular \r protection \r monitoring \r also \r much \r more \r difficult.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Regarding \r protection \r monitoring, \r UNHCR \r has \r set \r up \r 66 **community-\u00ad\u2010based \r protection**\n\n**networks** throughout \r the \r country, \r to \r complement \r its \r own \r field \r monitoring. \r The \r CBPNs \r are\nmade \r up \r of \r volunteers \r from \r the \r IDP \r and \r local \r community \r to \r monitor \r and \r report \r on \r IDP\nprotection \r concerns, \r via \r mobile \r phone. \r UNHCR \r plans \r to \r double \r the \r number \r of \r CBPNs \r in\nYemen \r in \r 2012, \r with \r priority \r given \r to \r those \r areas \r where \r insecurity \r limits \r UNHCR\u2019s \r direct\naccess; \r this \r expansion \r in \r our \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r protection \r monitoring \r inevitably \r will \r expand\nour \r reach \r to \r more \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps. \r UNHCR \r also \r has \r established \r 5 **community \r centres**\noutside \r of \r camps, \r where \r IDPs \r can \r come \r to \r report \r their \r concerns, \r receive \r legal \r and \r psyscho-\u00ad\u2010\nsocial \r counseling \r and \r for \r particularly \r vulnerable \r cases, \r receive \r small-\u00ad\u2010scale \r one-\u00ad\u2010time\nassistance. \r On \r average, \r these \r centres \r receive \r 60-\u00ad\u201070 \r IDPs \r a \r day \r and \r sometimes \r as \r many \r as\n200 \r a \r day. \r UNHCR \r plans \r to \r expand \r the \r number \r of \r these \r centres.\n\n\nAssistance delivery: \r Whereas \r IDPs \r in \r camps \r have \r reliable \r access \r to \r assistance \r and \r services \r meeting\nminimum \r standards \r for \r emergency \r assistance, \r this \r is \r not \r the \r case \r for \r all \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps. \r In\nthe \r informal \r settlements, **water \r and \r sanitation** is \r especially \r inadequate. \r At \r the \r same \r time, \r the \r large\nnumber \r and \r sometimes \r temporary \r nature \r of \r these \r settlements \r means \r that \r it \r is \r not \r feasible, \r due \r to\nresource \r constraints, \r to \r build \r wells \r everywhere. \r Health \r issues \r inevitably \r arise. \r At \r the \r same \r time,\nespecially \r in \r settlements \r in \r remote \r areas, \r IDPs \r emphasize \r in \r participatory \r assessments \r that \r lack \r of\n**access \r to \r health \r services,** due \r to \r inability \r to \r cover \r transportation \r costs, \r is \r their \r major \r concern.\n\n\nCommunity participation: \r Outside \r of \r camps, \r the \r level \r of **women\u2019s \r participation \r in \r leadership**\n**structures \r and \r decision-\u00ad\u2010making** processes \r is, \r as \r is \r noted \r in \r the \r CAP \r 2012, \r \u201cnear \r to \r nil\u201d. \r Moreover,\nwhile \r UNHCR \r has \r established \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r networks \r in \r a \r number \r of \r the \r informal \r settlements,\nproblems \r arise \r in \r training \r as \r women \r face \r cultural \r restrictions \r to \r leave \r the \r settlements \r for \r workshops\nor \r even \r to \r attend \r meetings.\n\n\n\uf0d8 While \r there \r are \r just \r too \r many \r settlements \r to \r provide \r individual \r training, \r smaller-\u00ad\u2010scale\n\ntraining \r of \r groups \r for \r women \r members \r of \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r protection \r networks \r will \r need\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory \r assessments", - "confidence": 0.9909682869911194, - "start": 644, - "end": 646 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "settlements \r in \r remote \r areas", - "confidence": 0.9084367752075195, - "start": 636, - "end": 640 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9356815814971924, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1df97844-daf5-38ac-9962-eaf906e7976c/IDPs%20outside%20camps%20EM%20tps%20for%20GPC%20Retreat%20%282012-2%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to \r be \r organized \r and, \r through \r them, \r awareness \r raising \r on \r the \r importance \r of \r women \r having \r a\nvoice \r in \r decisions \r affecting \r their \r and \r their \r families\u2019 \r lives.\n\n\nSGBV: \r Whereas \r there \r are \r women\u2019s \r centres \r established \r in \r each \r of \r the \r 2 \r camps \r that \r UNHCR \r manages\nwith \r IRY, \r these \r don\u2019t \r exist \r in \r the \r vast \r number \r informal \r settlements. \r Such \r support \r is \r desperately\nneeded \r for \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r IDP \r women \r who, \r for \r instance, report \r a \r much **higher \r incidence \r than \r camp \r IDPs**\n**of \r sexual \r harassment \r during \r firewood \r collection** . \r By \r contrast, \r to \r the \r extent \r that \r protection\nmonitoring \r currently \r is \r undertaken \r in \r several \r -\u00ad\u2010-\u00ad\u2010 \r but \r by \r no \r means \r all \r -\u00ad\u2010-\u00ad\u2010 \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r settlements,\nmonitoring \r suggests \r that **domestic \r violence \r is \r lower \r among \r the \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r IDPs** due \r to \r there \r being\nmore \r space \r in \r the \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r settlements \r and \r thus \r more \r privacy \r between \r households. \r This\nunderscores \r the \r rationale \r of \r IDPs \r to \r be \r outside \r of \r camps \r as \r a \r coping \r mechanism \r to \r mitigate \r their\nprotection \r concerns. \r At \r the \r same \r time, \r however, \r it \r must \r be \r said \r that \r less \r regular \r protection\nmonitoring \r outside \r of \r camps \r and \r CCs, \r means \r that \r victims \r have \r less \r access \r to \r report \r incidents.\n\n\uf0d8 To \r help \r address \r limitations \r on \r the \r reach \r of \r protection \r monitoring \r to \r all \r non-\u00ad\u2010camp \r IDPs,\n\nbesides \r the \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r protection \r networks \r and \r community \r drop-\u00ad\u2010in \r centres, \r UNHCR\nhas \r set \r up \r a **SGBV \r hotline** where \r IDPs, \r even \r in \r remote \r areas, \r can \r ring \r in \r to \r report \r concerns.\n\nEducation: \r Even \r before \r displacement, \r and \r especially \r in \r the \r north, \r access \r to \r education \r was \r limited\namong \r the \r general \r population. \r For \r IDPs \r in \r the \r camps, \r there \r are \r schools \r in \r the \r camps \r or \r close \r by. \r By\ncontrast, \r for \r IDPs \r in \r a \r number \r of \r the \r informal \r settlements, \r the **distance \r to \r local \r schools \r is**\n**considerable \r and \r safety \r issues** arise \r regarding \r cases \r of \r pedestrian \r children \r being \r seriously \r injured\nand \r concerns \r about \r girls\u2019 \r safety, \r both \r walking \r to \r school \r and \r concerns \r regarding \r the \r lack \r of \r female\nteachers \r in \r the \r local \r schools. \r The \r IDPs \r have \r requested \r a \r bus, \r but \r resource \r constraints \r are \r an\nimpediment. \r For \r adult \r men \r and \r women, \r regular \r literacy \r classes \r are \r available \r only \r in \r the \r camps.\n\n\uf0d8 UNHCR \r has \r been \r advocating \r with \r the \r IDP \r community \r to \r organize \r patrols \r of \r older \r children \r or\n\nadults \r to \r accompany \r the \r children \r on \r the \r walk \r to \r school. \r SCF \r has \r installed \r speed \r bumps\nalong \r the \r major \r roads, \r to \r reduce \r traffic \r speed \r and \r thus \r the \r risk \r of \r pedestrians \r being \r hit.\n\nRisk of eviction: \r \r As \r displacement \r has \r become \r protracted, \r the **risk \r of \r eviction \r has \r heightened** for\nIDPs. \r IDPs \r renting \r rooms \r find \r it \r increasingly \r difficult \r to \r pay \r their \r rent. \r Those \r staying \r with \r host\nfamilies \r find \r that \r the \r welcome \r they \r initially \r received \r is \r wearing \r thin, \r especially \r as \r the \r host \r families\nthemselves \r are \r struggling \r under \r increased \r economic \r hardship. \r IDPs \r living \r in \r informal \r settlements\nhave \r no \r formal \r right \r of \r stay, \r even \r temporary, \r so \r could \r be \r compelled \r to \r leave \r at \r any \r time.\n\n\uf0d8 Partial **rental \r subsidies** to \r IDPs \r and \r to \r host \r families \r have \r been \r provided \r for \r some \r IDPs, \r but\n\nare \r not \r a \r sustainable \r solution. \r Support \r for \r income-\u00ad\u2010generating \r and **self-\u00ad\u2010reliance** activities \r is\ncritically \r important, \r and \r for \r this \r the \r active \r engagement \r of \r development \r and \r early \r recovery\nactors \r is \r essential. \r Formalizing **right \r of \r stay \r agreements** with \r landowners \r is \r being \r explored.\n\nTensions with host community: \r In \r the \r context \r of \r one \r of \r the \r poorest \r countries \r in \r the \r world, \r made \r all\nthe \r worse \r by \r the \r global \r economic \r crisis, \r of \r course \r it \r is \r not \r only \r the \r IDPs \r who \r are \r suffering. \r Providing\nassistance \r to \r IDPs \r but \r not \r also \r to \r vulnerable \r persons \r in \r the \r host \r community \r would \r be \r inhumane \r and\nwould \r only \r create \r tensions \r with \r and \r protection \r risks \r for \r IDPs.\n\n\uf0d8 Addressing \r the \r specific \r vulnerabilities \r and \r risks \r faced \r by \r IDPs \r is \r critical, \r but \r must \r also \r be\n\ndone \r through **community-\u00ad\u2010based \r approaches** . \r Doing \r so \r requires \r the \r engagement \r of \r a\nbroader \r range \r of \r humanitarian \r and \r development \r actors, \r to \r address \r fundamental \r issues \r of\npoverty, \r inequality, \r and \r socio-\u00ad\u2010economic \r marginalization.\n\nIn \r Yemen, \r a \r number \r of \r efforts \r are \r being \r made, \r both \r in \r terms \r of \r advocacy \r and \r operational \r response,\nto \r ensure \r attention \r to \r IDPs \r outside \r of \r camps, \r to \r address \r the \r complex \r typology \r of \r situations \r in \r which\nthey \r are \r found, \r and \r to \r address \r the \r specific \r protection \r concerns \r that \r these \r IDPs \r face. \r Even \r so, \r the\noperational \r challenges \r mentioned \r make \r such \r efforts \r challenging. \r More \r attention \r and \r support \r to\nthese \r IDPs \r is \r needed. \r Good \r practices, \r lessons \r learned \r and \r practical \r guidance \r from \r other \r experiences\ntherefore \r would \r be \r welcomed.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1df97844-daf5-38ac-9962-eaf906e7976c/IDPs%20outside%20camps%20EM%20tps%20for%20GPC%20Retreat%20%282012-2%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_443/raw/doc_443_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_443/raw/doc_443_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b24775d541b1b906fd99bc103e06f1ab6585cbef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_443/raw/doc_443_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|Typologies des incidents|F\u00e9vrier|Mars|Avril|Mai|Juin|Juillet|Ao\u00fbt|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Ateintes au droit la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|00|00|00|00|01|00|01|**02**|\n|**Ateintes lnint\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique et/ou psychique**|00|00|01|00|06|04|04|**15**|\n|**Ateintes la lib rt\u00e9 et la**
**s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne**|00|00|01|05|00|02|00|**08**|\n|**Ateintes au droit la vie**|01|08|01|01|06|01|04|**22**|\n|**Ateintes lnacc\u00e8 aux**
**services de base**|0|01|00|00|01|00|00|**02**|\n|**Mouvements de populaton**
**forc\u00e9s**|00|00|00|00|00|00|01|**01**|\n|**Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le**
**genre**|00|00|00|00|04|04|01|**09**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2020, la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun a connu une situaton d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e\npar des ataques meurtri\u00e8res, des enl\u00e8vements, des intmidatons \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des populatons civiles et une\nforte pr\u00e9sence des hommes arm\u00e9s non identi\u00e9s (HANI) dans certaines zones. Cete situaton de protecton\npr\u00e9caire a eu un impact sur les populatons, se caract\u00e9risant par des mouvements massifs post-ataque et \u00e0\nttre pr\u00e9ventf vers des zones plus au moins s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\n\nAu regard du contexte s\u00e9curitaire critque, le couvre-feu de 22h \u00e0 5h du matn a \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenu dans les\nprovinces de la Kossi et du Sourou. Certaines communaut\u00e9s, principalement dans la province de la Kossi, se\nsont organis\u00e9es en groupe d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense.\n\n\nDans le cadre du monitoring de protecton, **11** cas de violatons de droits humains contre les populatons civiles\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au cours du mois, soit le m\u00eame nombre que juillet 2020 et 7 incidents de moins que le mois\nde juin 2020. Cete tendance \u00e0 la baisse pourrait s\u2019explique par le d\u00e9ploiement des patrouilles de forces de\n\n\n1/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u00e9fense et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la province du Sourou et partculi\u00e8rement dans la commune de Borasso en province\nde la Kossi depuis juillet 2020. Mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 cause de l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 aux villages de Diamasso, Zonakuy,\nSikoro et Kamiankoro \u00e0 cause des fortes pluies en cete p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ces villages dans le pass\u00e9 avaient\nenregistr\u00e9 plusieurs d\u2019incidents.\n\n\nSur le plan sanitaire, on constate un rel\u00e2chement de la populaton dans l\u2019observaton des mesures barri\u00e8res.\nCela se per\u00e7oit \u00e0 travers le non-respect du port du cache-nez, d\u2019utlisaton des dispositfs de lave-main et du\nrespect de la distanciaton sociale. Au cours du mois, trois cas de COVID-19 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans la province du\nNayala, Ce rel\u00e2chement pourrait consttuer une cause de la propagaton rapide de la maladie \u00e0 coronavirus\ndans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n# **Situaton de protecton**\n\n**ZONES COUVERTE DANS LA PERIODE SOUS RAPPORT**\nAu cours de ce mois, les actvit\u00e9s de monitoring ont touch\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s de la commune de Bourasso\n(Lekuy, Nokuy, Kodougou), Djibasso (Kieme, Gnimini), Nouna (Simbadougou, Tombodougou, SaintJean et Konankoira), Madouba, Kombori (Sansabari, Konan, Ko mori-Koura), Barani (Pampakuy,\nBilimporo,) et Bomborokuy, Kassoum, Kiembara, Tougan, Lankou\u00e9, Di, Lani\u00e8ra.\n\n\nA cause des difcult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat des routes, le monitoring \u00e0 distance a \u00e9t\u00e9\nutlis\u00e9 pour les communes de To\u00e9ni et Gomboro. Les zones \u00e0 risque sont : To\u00e9ni, Gomboro, Barani,\nSono, Kombori et Di qui sont tous situ\u00e9es dans la zone frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali.\n\n\n2/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CARACTERISTIQUES DES MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\nLes mouvements de populatons dus \u00e0 la recrudescence de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de la Kossi sont\nen g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de deux ordres : la premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie concerne les PDI qui se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans des\nzones d\u2019accueil s\u00e9curis\u00e9es (Djibasso, Bomborokuy, Tougan et Di) et qui parfois retournent dans leurs\nlocalit\u00e9s d\u2019origine pour v\u00e9riier et s\u2019assurer de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui y r\u00e8gne ou pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des\nvivres/effets personnels qui y sont rest\u00e9s. La seconde cat\u00e9gorie concerne les PDI qui ont quit\u00e9 leur\nzone d\u2019origine \u00e0 ttre pr\u00e9ventf ou soit post ataque.\n\n\nDurant ce mois, des d\u00e9placements des populatons de 4468 PDI \u00e0 Djibasso et plus de 2000 PDI \u00e0\nBomborokuy ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s.\n\n# **S\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique et personnelle**\n\n**SITUATION SECURITAIRE DANS LES ZONES COUVERTES**\n**INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION DANS LES ZONES SOUS COUVERTURE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2020, la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun a enregistr\u00e9 11 incidents de\nprotecton dont 4 portants ateinte au droit \u00e0 la vie, 01 \u00e0 l\u2019ateinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 individuelle et 1 cas de\nviol.\n\n\n1-Ateintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou \u00e9motonnelle : 05 incidents de cete typologie ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit de 05 cas de menace et d\u2019intmidaton sur des populatons civiles.\n\n\n2-Ateintes au droit \u00e0 la vie : 04 incidents de cete typologie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 03 ataques\ncontre des villages par des hommes arm\u00e9s non identi\u00e9s, ayant caus\u00e9 la mort de 07 hommes et un\ncas de meurtre sur 02 individus.\n\n\n3- SGBV : il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas de viol d\u2019une ille de 11 ans par un homme de son voisinage. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9\ns\u00e9questr\u00e9e et viol\u00e9e pendant plusieurs jours. La survivante est en cours de prise en charge par les\n\u00e9quipes de INTERSOS et les agents de l\u2019acton sociale.\n\n\n**PROBLEMES SPECIFIQUES A CERTAINS GROUPES A RISQUE**\n\n\n3/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Des diff\u00e9rentes informatons collect\u00e9es lors des focus group et avec les informateurs cl\u00e9s, la tension\nentre les peuhls et dogon est r\u00e9elle. Cete tension r\u00e9sulte des confits intercommunautaires qui\npr\u00e9vaut au Mali partculi\u00e8rement dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopt. Des actons sont men\u00e9es par des acteurs\nendog\u00e8nes comme les Chefs de villages, les sages pour at\u00e9nuer cete tension.\n\n\n**SGBV**\n\n\nLa majeure parte des PDI sont dans les villes de Tougan, Di, Djibasso, Bomborokuy au sein des\nfamilles d\u2019accueil dont les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil sont r\u00e9duites. Cete situaton cr\u00e9e une promiscuit\u00e9 dans\nles m\u00e9nages, ce qui peut \u00eatre source de VBG et de confit dans la cohabitaton, d\u2019autant plus que la\nmajeure parte des PDI dans la Kossi comme au Sourou sont des femmes et des illes. L\u2019interventon\nde Plan Internatonal a concern\u00e9 300 abris dans sa premi\u00e8re phase et pr\u00e9voit 320 abris pour une\ndeuxi\u00e8me phase, toutefois ces assistances restent insufsantes par rapport aux besoins r\u00e9els en abri\nde la populaton en d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.\n\n\nDes donn\u00e9es issues des focus, on retent le mariage pr\u00e9coce, les cas de violences psychologiques\ncomme cas de VBG au sein des communaut\u00e9s. Un cas de viol a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 au cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt\n2020.\n\n\n**PROTECTION DE LnENFANCE**\n\n\nLa situaton des enfants dans les zones couvertes par le Monitoring de protecton n\u2019a pas connu de\nchangement. Les probl\u00e8mes sont entre autres le stress psychosocial, la d\u00e9scolarisaton, le travail des\nenfants pour contribuer \u00e0 supporter les charges de la famille, les agressions sexuelles dans le cadre de\nleurs actvit\u00e9s notamment pour les illes qui font l\u2019aide-m\u00e9nag\u00e8re de porte en porte et la pratque du\nsexe de survie. On note \u00e9galement le risque de blessures physiques li\u00e9es au IED et aux REG.\n\n# **Personnes ayant des be soins sp\u00e9cifques**\n\n\n**PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAutre : \u00c9l\u00e8ve chef de m\u00e9nage, Enfant chef de m\u00e9nage\n\n\nLes PBS sont entre autres des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, des femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nages,\ndes personnes vivant avec un handicap, des survivantes des VBG, des enfants chefs de m\u00e9nage qui\nsont sans souten familial ni revenu. Elles sont des PDI, des retourn\u00e9es, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui sont\nvuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 cause du d\u00e9placement.\n\n\n4/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au nombre, 92 PBS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assist\u00e9es au cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2020 avec un montant en cash de\n30 000F CFA par PBS.\n\n# **Logements, Terres et Biens (LTB), Etat de droit**\n\n\n**SITUATION DE LTB DANS LA ZONE DE DEPLACEMENT ET DE RETOUR**\n\n\nLa situaton de LTB est un probl\u00e8me crucial que rencontrent les PDI dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. Les\nPDI en locaton estment le prix de la locaton cher. Le prix moyen n\u2019a pas chang\u00e9 et varie entre 5000\net 9000 FCFA le mois. Pour les surfaces cultvables, dans la localit\u00e9 de DI par exemple, un demihectare en p\u00e9riode hivernale (Juin \u00e0 Octobre) co\u00fbte 25 000 FCFA et en p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che (Novembre \u00e0\nMai) la m\u00eame supericie co\u00fbte 30 000 FCFA.\n\n\nLe probl\u00e8me de terre cultvable am\u00e8ne certaines PDI \u00e0 retourner dans les villages d\u2019origine en cete\np\u00e9riode hivernale pour l\u2019agriculture. Il sied de dire que ces d\u00e9parts concernent beaucoup plus les\nhommes.\n\n\n**ETAT DE DROIT**\n\n\nDans certaines communes de la r\u00e9gion, on d\u00e9plore malheureusement l\u2019absence des FDS. Il s\u2019agit de\nla commune de Bourasso, Bomborokuy, Kombori, Sono, Kassoum et Lankou\u00e9. On constate aussi\nl\u2019absence des autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes dans ces localit\u00e9s notamment les maires et pr\u00e9fets de\ncommune.\n\n\nLes services communaux et d\u00e9partementaux dans certaines localit\u00e9s notamment Kombori, To\u00e9ni et\nGomboro restent toujours ferm\u00e9s, ce qui rend difcile l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des\ndocuments.\n\n# **Protecton beas\u00e9e sur la communaut\u00e9/ renforcement de capacit\u00e9s** **communautaires**\n\n\n**COMITES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nAucune formaton n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2020 \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des membres des\ncomit\u00e9s de protecton. Les membres des comit\u00e9s de protecton ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019un souten important dans\nle cadre de la mobilisaton communautaire. Ils ont partcip\u00e9 et facilit\u00e9 les \u00e9changes durant les focus\ngroups, contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019identicaton des PBS, la surveillance et les alertes incidents de protecton\ndans leur localit\u00e9 de base.\n\n\n**SENSIBILISATIONS SUR LA COVID- 19 :**\n\n\nLes s\u00e9ances de sensibilisaton ont pu se tenir malgr\u00e9 le contexte hivernal. Au total, **164** personnes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es dont **71** femmes, **63** hommes, **29** illes et **21** gar\u00e7ons sur le COVID-19 et les VBG.\nIl est \u00e0 noter que toutes les actvit\u00e9s d\u00e9butent par un rappel sur les mesures barri\u00e8res au COVID.\n\n\n**LEADERS COMMUNAUTAIRES/AUTORITES LOCALES/SOCIETE CIVILE**\n\n\n5/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RAS\n\n# **Syst\u00e8sme de partage dninformaton et de coordinaton**\n\n\n**COORDINATION ET PARTAGE DnINFORMATION ET COORDINATION**\n\n\nLe staff INTERSOS prend part aux diff\u00e9rentes rencontres de coordinaton avec les autres acteurs\nhumanitaires et les structures techniques d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la Kossi, INTERSOS a \u00e9t\u00e9\nrepr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la rencontre init\u00e9e par le Haut-commissaire \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des ONG et Associatons de la\nKossi. Cete rencontre s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e le 14 Ao\u00fbt \u00e0 Nouna et elle a connu la partcipaton d\u2019acteurs\ntels que TDH, IRC, Plan Burkina, Terre des enfants, Help et Intersos.\n\n\nAu niveau de la Kossi, la coordinaton provinciale rencontre des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des\nacteurs sur le terrain et \u00e0 l\u2019absence de local (repr\u00e9sentaton) de certains acteurs qui viennent pour\ndes interventons ponctuelles sur le terrain.\n\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 du Sourou, les difcult\u00e9s de coordinaton avec les autres acteurs dans le Sourou est li\u00e9e \u00e0\nl\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des acteurs sur le terrain et aussi l\u2019absence de leur bureau. En plus il y a l\u2019absence\nd\u2019un cadre de concertaton formelle entre acteurs sur le terrain principalement.\n\n# **Recommandatons et actons de suivi requises**\n\n\n**RECOMMANDATIONS GENERALES (dans quel domaine, pour quelle localit\u00e9 et a quelle entt\u00e9)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaine|Localit\u00e9|Entt\u00e9|\n|---|---|---|\n|Augmenter le nombre de PBS b\u00e9n\u00e9iciaire de
l\u2019assistance en cash|Toutes les localit\u00e9s|HCR|\n|Augmenter le nombre de b\u00e9n\u00e9iciaires en
abris|Daka, Simbadougou, Tombodougou,
Djibasso|Daka, Simbadougou, Tombodougou,
Djibasso|\n|Fournir l\u2019assistance en Artcles M\u00e9nagers
Essentels|Les b\u00e9n\u00e9iciaires en abris et les autres
PDI|Les b\u00e9n\u00e9iciaires en abris et les autres
PDI|\n\n\n\n**ACTIONS REQUISES DU HCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaines|Actons|Obse ervatons|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Abris**|Appui \u00e0 la distributon
des abris en metant
en exergue les
comp\u00e9tences de la
localit\u00e9|Les abris acquis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 insufsants et
certains sont actuellement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9s avec
la saison hivernale. A Bomborokuy et
Djibasso par exemple, il y a un afux massif
des PDI \u00e0 la suite des incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9
de Kombori et Barani d\u2019o\u00f9 de nombreuses
PDI se retrouvent dans la promiscuit\u00e9.|\n|**WASH**|R\u00e9alisaton

des
latrines et toiletes|La queston de WASH est de plus en plus
pr\u00e9occupante au niveau des sites d\u2019accueil
spontan\u00e9s. Un nombre important de|\n\n\n\n6/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|personnes partageant que 2 latrines et 2
toiletes. Par exemple \u00e0 Bomborokuy il a \u00e9t\u00e9
identi\u00e9 un m\u00e9nage de plus de 20
personnes qui n\u2019a pas de toiletes.|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Logement terres et biens**|R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer
pour l\u2019octroi de terre
cultvable aux PDI.
R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer
pour la s\u00e9curisaton
des terrains non lots|Avec la famb\u00e9e des prix de locaton, les PDI
disposant d\u2019un peu de moyen se livrent \u00e0
l\u2019achat des non-lots sans aucune garante. Il
convient de travailler \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer ces
ventes de parcelles.|\n\n\n\n**Protecton transversale : Consid\u00e9ratons de protecton prendre en compte dans la r\u00e9ponse des**\n**autres clusters, recommandatons**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cluster|LOCALITES|PROBLEMES|RECOMMANDATION|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**VBG**

**et**
**Protecton**|Tougan,
Nouna, Daka|L\u2019absence de cadre de loisir
pour les enfants, la promiscuit\u00e9
des abris due \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, la
non-s\u00e9paraton des femmes et
des hommes d\u2019une part, et des
illes et des gar\u00e7ons d\u2019autre part
exposent les enfants \u00e0 des VBG
telles le viol, l\u2019exploitaton des
enfants, \u2026|R\u00e9aliser des sensibilisatons.
R\u00e9aliser des espaces \u00ab amis
des enfants \u00bb
Initer des AGR pour les
parents.
Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019abri.|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**|Kassoum,
Lankou\u00e9,
Sono,
Bomborokuy,
Bourasso et
Kombori|Les localit\u00e9s suscit\u00e9es n\u2019ont pas
de dispositf s\u00e9curitaire en
termes de pr\u00e9sence de FDS|R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer pour
l\u2019implantaton des bases FDS
dans ces localit\u00e9s.
R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer pour
une

patrouille

de
s\u00e9curisaton des localit\u00e9s|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**
**alimentaire**|Kossi

et
Sourou|Ce probl\u00e8me est commun \u00e0
l\u2019ensemble des PDI car \u00e9tant
vuln\u00e9rables. Aussi, quand bien
m\u00eame que la volont\u00e9 y est, le
manque de surface cultvable
entraine

des

probl\u00e8mes
d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaires|R\u00e9aliser des distributons de
vivres sur toutes les localit\u00e9s
abritant les PDI.
Appuyer les PDI dans
l\u2019octroi

de

surfaces
cultvables.
Appuyer les PDI \u00e0 la r\u00e9aliser
d\u2019AGR.|\n|** Abris/AME**|Daka, Djibasso
et
Bomborokuy|Surtout avec les derniers
d\u00e9placements de populatons
caus\u00e9s par les incidents de
Kombori et Barani, certaines PDI
dorment \u00e0 la claire de lune|R\u00e9aliser une distributon
d\u2019abris et AME.|\n\n\n\n7/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Le r\u00e9capitulatf de ces incidents se pr\u00e9sente ainsi :**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|N|Localit\u00e9s|Dates|Descripton de lnincident|Personnes
affect\u00e9es|Actons
entreprises|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1**|**Bourasso**|**9**

**au**
**10/08/202**
**0**|Dans la nuit du dimanche 9 au
lundi 10 Ao\u00fbt 2020 ; des
hommes arm\u00e9s non identi\u00e9s
(HANI) auraient rassembl\u00e9 les
habitants du village de Lekuy
dans la commune de Bourasso et
les

auraient

intmid\u00e9s
concernant les personnes qui
font des appels pour signaler aux
Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9
(FDS) leur pr\u00e9sence dans la zone.
Ils ont ensuite menac\u00e9 les
habitants de mort si toutefois
une situaton semblable se
reproduisait|Estm\u00e9 \u00e0 80
personnes
directement
afect\u00e9es|\uf0b7
Partage

de
l\u2019Alerte
\uf0b7
Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton
des personnes
et des biens
\uf0b7
Poursuivre les
actvit\u00e9s

de
monitoring|\n|**3**|**Barani/Pampakuy**|**10/08/202**
**0**|**Ataque meurtri\u00e8re par des**
**Hommes Arm\u00e9s Non Identf\u00e9s**
**causant la mort de deux**
**hommes**|**02 morts**|Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
personnes et des
biens dans la
province de la
Kossi
Partager l\u2019alerte
\uf0b7|\n|**11**|**Di/Pori**|**10/08/202**
**0**|Intmidaton de la populaton par
les HANI, qui sont venu dans la
nuit rassembler les habitants et
les obligeant \u00e0 \u00e9couter leur
pr\u00eache et d\u2019\u00e9viter toute
collaboraton avec les FDS.|**Estm\u00e9 70**
**personnes**
**directement**
**afect\u00e9es**|Intensiier

les
actvit\u00e9s

de
monitoring
Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
zones
\uf0b7
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n|**4**|**Kombori**|**11/08/202**
**0**|Dans la nuit du 11 Ao\u00fbt, une
ataque a \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e contre
les habitants de Kombori. En
efet, des hommes arm\u00e9s non
identi\u00e9s (HANI) ont fait
irrupton dans la localit\u00e9 de
Kombori o\u00f9 ils auraient ouvert le
feu sur les habitants.
04 hommes tu\u00e9s, 02 bless\u00e9s|**4 morts et 02**
**bless\u00e9**|Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
personnes et des
biens dans la
province de la kossi
Partager l\u2019alerte.|\n|**2**|**Bourasso/Labaran**
**i**|**12/09/202**
**0**|Intmidaton de la populaton \u00e0
ne pas collaborer avec les FDS.|70
personnes|Intensiier

les
actvit\u00e9s

de|\n\n\n8/10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|directemen
t afef ct\u00e9es|monitoring
Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
zones
Alerte aux autres
acteurs|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**5**|**Barani/Pampakuy**|**15/08/202**
**0**|**Intmidaton lnendroit des**
**populatons du village de**
**quiter les lieux**|**Estm\u00e9 60**
**personnes**
**directes**|Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
personnes et des
biens dans la
province de la
Kossi
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n|**6**|**Kombori**

**et**
**Sansabari**|**16/08/202**
**0**|Ataque simultan\u00e9e contre les
villages de Sansambari et
Kombori.|**01 homme**
**tu\u00e9 et 02**
**port\u00e9s**
**disparus**|Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
personnes et des
biens dans la
province de la
Kossi
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n|**7**|**Djibasso : Kieme**
**et Gnimini**|**17/08/202**
**0**|Dans la p\u00e9riode du 13 au 16 Ao\u00fbt
2020, la pr\u00e9sence des HANI a \u00e9t\u00e9
signal\u00e9e dans les villages de
Gnimini et Kieme situ\u00e9 sur la RN
12 reliant D\u00e9dougou-Djibasso.
Selon

les

termes

de
l\u2019informateur cl\u00e9 les HANI se
sont pris aux CVD de ces deux
villages. Ces HANI ont \u00e9gorg\u00e9 ces
leaders communautaires dans la
nuit du 16 au 17 Ao\u00fbt autour de
minuit, semant une psychose
g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et intmidant les
populatons

de

toute
collaboraton avec les FDS.
A la date du 23/08/2020, on n\u2019a
pas

constat\u00e9

pas

de
mouvement de populatons.|**02 hommes**
**tu\u00e9s**|Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
personnes et des
biens dans la
province de la
Kossi
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n|**9**|**Tougan/Ou\u00e9**|**20/08/202**
**0**|**Forte pr\u00e9sence des HANI dans**
**le village cr\u00e9ant une psychose**
**au sein des habitants. Selon les**
**informatons re\u00e7ues ces HANI**
**venaient pour vider la cantne**
**scolaire des vivres qui aurait**
**\u00e9t\u00e9 distribu\u00e9s durant la**
**journ\u00e9e au proft des \u00e9l\u00e8ves**
**PDI.**||Intensiier

les
actvit\u00e9s

de
monitoring
Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
zones
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n|**10**|**TOUGAN**|**Le 23 Aout**
**2020**|Le 23 Ao\u00fbt 2020 Une ille PDI ;
de 11 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9questr\u00e9e et
viol\u00e9e pendant plusieurs jours
par un voisin dans la ville de
Tougan. Les services de l\u2019acton|**01**|Prendre atache
avec

l\u2019acton
sociale

pour
contribuer \u00e0 la PEC
de la victme \u00e0|\n\n\n9/10\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|sociale sont intervenus pour
lib\u00e9rer la victme et la prendre
en charge. Les services de la
justce et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont
toujours \u00e0 la recherche de
l\u2019auteur.|Col5|travers l\u2019appui
direct (cash
transfert 40 000
FCFA)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**8**|**Nouna/** T\u00e8b\u00e8r\u00e8|**24/08/202**
**0**|**Enl\u00e8vement dnun conseiller**
**municipal**|**01**|Intensiier

les
actvit\u00e9s

de
monitoring
Plaider pour la
s\u00e9curisaton des
zones
Partager l\u2019alerte|\n\n\n10/10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/062bf73e-d4d6-3a74-886b-feab7890a14b/INTERSOS%20-%20Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection%20Aout%202020%20-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun%20-%20Version%20du%2010-09-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_444/raw/doc_444_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_444/raw/doc_444_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 801f8a939a47b3c46e25c92a944e3c1a00ec4240..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_444/raw/doc_444_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|Typologies des F\u00e9vrier Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Ao\u00fbt Septembre Total
incidents|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Atteintes au droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**
|00
|00
|00
|00
|01
|00
|01
|**00**
|**02**
|\n|**Atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique et/ou**
**psychique**
|00
|00
|01
|00
|06
|04
|04
|**01**
|**16**
|\n|
**Atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et**
**\u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la**
**personne**
|00
|00
|01
|05
|00
|02
|00
|**01**
|**09**
|\n|
**Atteintes au droit \u00e0 la**
**vie**
|01
|08
|01
|01
|06
|01
|04
|**06**
|**29**
|\n|
**Atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux**
**services de base**
|0
|01
|00
|00
|01
|00
|00
|**00**
|**02**
|\n|**Mouvements de**
**population forc\u00e9s**
|00
|00
|00
|00
|00
|00
|01
|**00**
|**01**
|\n|**Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le**
**genre**
|00|00|00|00|04|04|01|**00**|**09**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois de septembre 2020, les zones d\u2019intervention dans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun ont connu\nune situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 relativement calme par rapport au mois d\u2019aout 2020. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des\nattaques meurtri\u00e8res, des intimidations, des pillages \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des populations civiles et une forte pr\u00e9sence des\nhommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s (HANI) dans certaines zones.\n\n\nBien que moins pr\u00e9caire que le mois dernier, la situation de protection continue d\u2019avoir des impacts sur les\npopulations, cela se manifeste par des mouvements massifs post-attaque ou \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif vers des zones plus\nau moins s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, le mois de Septembre a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par de fortes pluies sur toute la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun\navec des cas de sinistre. Parmi les localit\u00e9s touch\u00e9es par ces inondations on note : Tougan, Di, Gomboro,\nKiembara, Lekuy, Kodougou, Zonakuy, Diamasso, Bagala, Tony, Tebere. Ces inondations ont exacerb\u00e9 les\nconditions d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9caires des PDI\u2019s, refugi\u00e9s et communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te.\n\n\n1/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Le couvre-feu de 22h \u00e0 5h du matin est toujours en vigueur dans les provinces de la Kossi et du Sourou. Certaines\ncommunaut\u00e9s, principalement dans la province de la Kossi, se sont organis\u00e9es en groupe d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense\ncommun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 des Dozo.\n\n\nSur le plan sanitaire, on constate un rel\u00e2chement de la population dans l\u2019observation des mesures barri\u00e8res. Cela\nse per\u00e7oit \u00e0 travers le non-respect du port du cache-nez, d\u2019utilisation des dispositifs de lave-main et du respect\nde la distanciation sociale. Actuellement la tendance sanitaire fait cas de paludisme g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 ce qui a conduit\nles autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer une campagne de chimio pr\u00e9vention du paludisme pour les enfants de 0 \u00e0 59 mois dans\nles provinces du Sourou et de la Kossi.\n\n# **Situation de protection**\n\n**ZONES COUVERTES DANS LA PERIODE SOUS RAPPORT**\nAu cours de ce mois, les activit\u00e9s de monitoring ont touch\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s de la commune de Bourasso (Lekuy,\nNokuy, Kodougou, Bourasso), Djibasso (Kieme, Ki\u00e9, Gnimini), Nouna (Simbadougou, Tombodougou, Saint-Jean\net Konankoira), Madouba(Kira, Madouba) Kombori (Magadian), Barani (Pampakuy, Bilimporo, ) et Bomborokuy,\nKassoum, Kiembara, Tougan, Lankou\u00e9, Di, Lanfi\u00e8ra.\n\nA cause des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat des routes(impraticable), le monitoring \u00e0\ndistance a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour les communes de To\u00e9ni et Gomboro. Les zones \u00e0 risque sont : To\u00e9ni, Gomboro, Barani,\nSono, Kombori Di et Madouba qui sont toutes situ\u00e9es dans la zone frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali.\n\n\n2/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CARACTERISTIQUES DES MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\nLes mouvements de populations dus \u00e0 la recrudescence de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de la Kossi sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\nde deux ordres : la premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie concerne les PDI qui se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans des zones d\u2019accueil s\u00e9curis\u00e9es\n(Djibasso, Bomborokuy, Tougan et Di) et qui parfois retournent dans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine pour v\u00e9rifier et\ns\u2019assurer de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui y r\u00e8gne ou pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des vivres/effets personnels qui y sont rest\u00e9s. La seconde\ncat\u00e9gorie concerne les PDI qui ont quitt\u00e9 leur zone d\u2019origine \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif ou soit post attaque.\n\n\nIl faut noter que les incidents de p\u00e9riode mi-ao\u00fbt \u00e0 septembre, ont conduit \u00e0 des situations des d\u00e9placements\nmassif de **5.276** PDI\u2019s \u00e0 Djibasso, **1010** PDI\u2019s \u00e0 Bomborokuy, **1327** PDI\u2019s \u00e0 Nouna et **3042** PDI\u2019s \u00e0 Barani. Suite aux\nr\u00e9cents incidents (menaces et intimidations de population) de Pampakuy (Barani) et Magadian (Kombori) des\nd\u00e9placements sont effectu\u00e9s vers Djibasso et Bomborokuy, ce qui conduirait \u00e0 une augmentation de ces chiffres.\n# **S\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique et personnelle**\n\n**SITUATION SECURITAIRE DANS LES ZONES COUVERTES**\n**INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION DANS LES ZONES SOUS COUVERTURE**\n\n\n07 cas de violations de droits humains contre les populations civiles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s durant ce mois de\nseptembre, soit une baisse du nombre par rapport au mois d\u2019Ao\u00fbt 2020.\n\n\nCette tendance \u00e0 la baisse pourrait s\u2019expliquer d\u2019une part par le d\u00e9ploiement des patrouilles de forces de d\u00e9fense\net s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la province du Sourou qui auraient effectu\u00e9 une op\u00e9ration militaire entre juillet et Ao\u00fbt (selon\ndes sources locales) et aussi par le fait que les villages des communes de Toeni et Gomboro se sont presque vid\u00e9s\nde leurs populations.\n\n\nD\u2019autre part dans la province de la Kossi, les villages de la commune de Kombori et de Barani se sont vid\u00e9s de\nleurs populations, toute chose qui pourrait justifier la baisse des cas d\u2019incident.\n\n\nCette accalmie pourrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre justifi\u00e9e par l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 aux villages de Tombodougou, Saint-Jean,\nDiamasso, Zonakuy, Sikoro et Kamiankoro par les GANI \u00e0 cause des fortes pluies en cette p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ces\nvillages (dans la commune de Bourasso) avaient enregistr\u00e9 plusieurs d\u2019incidents au cours des mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.\n\n\nParmi les 07 incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s, 05 portent sur des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie, 02 \u00e0\nl\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychologique.\n\n\n1-Atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou \u00e9motionnelle : Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et d\u2019un cas\nd\u2019intimidation sur des populations civiles respectivement dans les provinces du Sourou et de la Kossi.\nCes incidents ont eu lieu dans des zones o\u00f9 il n\u2019y a pas de FDS. L\u2019absence des FDS et le manque de\npatrouille pourraient favoriser de telle violation.\n\n\n2-Atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie : Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une part de 04 attaques contre des villages dans les communes de Barani\net Kombori par des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s, ayant caus\u00e9 la mort de 04 personnes (dont une femme et 03\nhommes). Au cours de ces attaques (contre les villages), les leaders communautaires (chef de village) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncibl\u00e9s puis tu\u00e9s. D\u2019autre part un cas de meurtre sur 02 individus pendant leur voyage. Les 02 victimes sont les\nfils d\u2019un leader religieux influent dans la commune de Barani. Signalons que ces incidents ont eu lieu dans des\nzones o\u00f9 les patrouilles militaires sont rares et on pourrait ainsi r\u00e9affirmer que l\u2019absence des FDS et de\npatrouille facilite la recrudescence de ces attaques.\nLe dernier incident est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des mines sur l\u2019axe Toeni-Tougan, ce qui entrave les mouvements. Ce\nmois un convoi militaire aurait heurt\u00e9 une mine causant la mort de 02 FDS.\n\n\n3/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROBLEMES SPECIFIQUES A CERTAINS GROUPES A RISQUE**\n\n\nDes diff\u00e9rentes informations collect\u00e9es lors des focus group et avec les informateurs cl\u00e9s, la tension entre les\npeuhls et dogon persiste. Cette tension r\u00e9sulte des conflits intercommunautaires qui pr\u00e9vaut au Mali\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti. Des actions sont men\u00e9es par des acteurs endog\u00e8nes comme les Chefs\nde villages, les sages pour att\u00e9nuer cette tension. Cependant, une intervention en mati\u00e8re de pr\u00e9vention et de\ngestion de conflit est requise.\n\n\n**SGBV**\n\n\nLa majeure partie des PDI sont dans les villes de Nouna, Tougan, Di, Djibasso, Bomborokuy au sein des familles\nd\u2019accueil dont les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil sont r\u00e9duites. Cette situation cr\u00e9e une promiscuit\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9nages, ce\nqui peut \u00eatre source de VBG et de conflit dans la cohabitation, d\u2019autant plus que la majeure partie des PDI dans\nla Kossi comme au Sourou sont des femmes et des filles.\n\n\nDes donn\u00e9es issues des focus, on retient les agressions physiques, le mariage pr\u00e9coce, les cas de violences\npsychologiques, les agressions sexuelles, les pratiques traditionnelles n\u00e9fastes comme cas de VBG au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9quipe VBG/PSS de INTERSOS (pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les Gestionnaires de cas de VBG) suit 41 dossiers de survivantes de\nVBG dont 41 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverts en aout 2020 et 2 dossiers en septembre 2020. Les deux dossiers ouverts en\nseptembre 2020 ne sont pas issus d\u2019incidents fait en septembre 2020.\n\n\nSuite aux cas de viol enregistr\u00e9s les mois ant\u00e9rieurs (juin-juillet-aout) dans le Sourou, une analyse de la situation\na \u00e9t\u00e9 faite et des raisons superstitieuses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9es par certaines sources locales issues des communaut\u00e9s.\nSelon ces sources locales, des rituelles mystiques seraient \u00e0 la base de telles pratiques ignobles sur les enfants\nnotamment la sodomie et le viol. Un constat amer est li\u00e9 aux faits que cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 semble \u00eatre ignor\u00e9e par les\nautorit\u00e9s de la province. N\u00e9anmoins des actions de plaidoyer sont en cours en vue d\u2019un changement radical pour\narr\u00eater de telle pratique n\u00e9faste.\n\n\nINTERSOS m\u00e8ne des s\u00e9ances de causeries \u00e9ducatives sur les VBG notamment sur le th\u00e8me comme le mariage\npr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9, les violences sexuelles etc. Lors de ces s\u00e9ances, l\u2019occasion \u00e9tait pour les participants de\nd\u00e9terminer les causes, les cons\u00e9quences et les solutions endog\u00e8nes. Ces cadres sont vraiment appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s par les\nfemmes car elles arrivent \u00e0 mieux s\u2019exprimer ce qui est un atout majeur \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9radication de\nces pratiques n\u00e9fastes. Ces causeries ont touch\u00e9 **156** personnes dont **78** femmes, **42** hommes, **19** filles et **17**\ngar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\n\n\nLa situation des enfants dans les zones couvertes par le Monitoring de protection n\u2019a pas connu de changement.\nLes probl\u00e8mes sont entre autres le stress psychosocial, la d\u00e9scolarisation, le travail des enfants pour contribuer\n\u00e0 supporter les charges de la famille, les agressions sexuelles dans le cadre de leurs activit\u00e9s notamment pour\nles filles qui font l\u2019aide-m\u00e9nag\u00e8re de porte en porte et la pratique du sexe de survie.\n\n\nLes activit\u00e9s de sensibilisations et d\u2019appui psychosociales ont touch\u00e9s 36 enfants dont 19 filles et 17 gar\u00e7ons. 11\nenfants (dont 10 filles et 1 gar\u00e7on) Survivants de violences de bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont en cours de prise en charge\npar INTERSOS.\n\n\n4/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Personnes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques**\n\n**PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n\nLes PBS sont entre autres des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, des femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nages, des\npersonnes vivant avec un handicap, des survivantes des VBG, des enfants chefs de m\u00e9nage qui sont sans soutien\nfamilial ni revenu (la majeure partie est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve). Elles sont des PDI et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui sont vuln\u00e9rables\n\u00e0 cause du d\u00e9placement.\n\n\nAu cours du mois de septembre, il y\u2019a **104** PBS qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es dans la Boucle du Mouhoun et leur\nvalidation et assistance est en cours. Cette assistance est constitu\u00e9e du cash avec des montants proportionnels\naux besoins \u00e9valu\u00e9s.\n\n\n**PBS assist\u00e9es en fonction de leurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s**\n\n\n\nEnfant Orphelin (Enfant dont les deux parents sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s)\n\n\nJeune maman /Jeune fille enceinte\n\nPersonne handicap\u00e9e\n\nPersonne en d\u00e9tresse psychologiques\n\nFemme Cheffe de m\u00e9nage\n\nES (Enfant S\u00e9par\u00e9)\n\nPersonne tr\u00e8s \u00e2g\u00e9e\n\nPersonne en \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 grave\n\nChef de m\u00e9nage sans revenu en charge de plus 10 enfants\n\nAutre\n\n\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\n**6%**\n\n\n**6%**\n\n\n\n**7%**\n\n**8%**\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n\n**11%**\n\n\n\n**20%**\n\n\n\n**Autre** : 0rpheline de m\u00e8re ; Chef de m\u00e9nage sans activit\u00e9 et ayant 4enfants \u00e0 sa charge ; Chef de m\u00e9nage sans revenu avec ses 6 enfants ; \u00c9l\u00e8ve en classe\nde 6\u00e8me dont les parents ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre en charge ses frais de scolarit\u00e9 ; Eleve. Elle risque d'abandonner l'\u00e9cole au regard des conditions de\nvie difficile de sa famille. Conditions de vie pr\u00e9caires de sa famille ; Homme sans femme (\u00e9pouse assassin\u00e9e lors d\u2019une attaque au Mali)\n# **Logements, Terres et Biens (LTB), Etat de droit**\n\n**SITUATION DE LTB DANS LA ZONE DE DEPLACEMENT ET DE RETOUR**\n\n\nLa situation de LTB est un probl\u00e8me crucial que rencontrent les PDI dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. Les PDI en\nlocation estiment le prix de la location cher. Le prix moyen n\u2019a pas chang\u00e9 et varie entre 5000 et 9000 FCFA le\nmois. Pour les surfaces cultivables, dans la localit\u00e9 de DI par exemple, un demi-hectare en p\u00e9riode hivernale (Juin\n\u00e0 Octobre) co\u00fbte 25 000 FCFA et en p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che (Novembre \u00e0 Mai) la m\u00eame superficie co\u00fbte 30 000 FCFA.\n\n\nLe probl\u00e8me de terre cultivable am\u00e8ne certaines PDI \u00e0 retourner dans les villages d\u2019origine (l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 est\npossible) en cette p\u00e9riode hivernale pour l\u2019agriculture. Il convient de dire que ces d\u00e9parts concernent beaucoup\nplus les hommes et Il s\u2019agit des mouvements pendulaires.\n\n\n**ETAT DE DROIT**\n\n\nDans certaines communes de la r\u00e9gion, on d\u00e9plore malheureusement l\u2019absence des FDS. Il s\u2019agit de la commune\nde Bourasso, Bomborokuy, Kombori, Sono, Kassoum et Lankou\u00e9. On constate aussi l\u2019absence des autorit\u00e9s\nadministratives dans ces localit\u00e9s notamment les maires et pr\u00e9fets.\n\n\nLes services communaux et d\u00e9partementaux dans certaines localit\u00e9s notamment Kombori, To\u00e9ni et Gomboro\nrestent toujours ferm\u00e9s, ce qui rend difficile l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des documents.\n\n\n5/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Protection bas\u00e9e sur la communaut\u00e9/ renforcement de capacit\u00e9s** **communautaires**\n\n**COMITES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nLes membres des comit\u00e9s de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019un soutien important dans le cadre de la mobilisation\ncommunautaire. Ils ont particip\u00e9 et facilit\u00e9 les \u00e9changes durant les 38 focus groups discussions r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en\nseptembre 2020. Ils ont \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019identification des PBS, la surveillance et les alertes incidents de\nprotection dans leur localit\u00e9 de base.\n\n\n**SENSIBILISATIONS SUR LA COVID- 19 :**\n\n\nLes s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation ont pu se tenir malgr\u00e9 le contexte hivernal. Au total, 156 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsensibilis\u00e9es dont 78 femmes, 42 hommes, 19 filles et 17 gar\u00e7ons sur le COVID-19 et les VBG. Il est \u00e0 noter que\ntoutes les activit\u00e9s d\u00e9butent par un rappel sur les mesures barri\u00e8res au COVID.\n\n\n**LEADERS COMMUNAUTAIRES/AUTORITES LOCALES/SOCIETE CIVILE**\n\nRAS\n# **Syst\u00e8me de partage d\u2019information et de coordination**\n\n**COORDINATION ET PARTAGE D\u2019INFORMATION ET COORDINATION**\n\n\nLe staff INTERSOS prend part aux diff\u00e9rentes rencontres de coordination avec les autres acteurs humanitaires et\nles structures techniques d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es. A cet effet INTERSOS a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019atelier de lancement de la\ndeuxi\u00e8me phase des abris de Plan International le samedi 12 septembre \u00e0 D\u00e9dougou.\n\n\nIl faut signaler que la coordination au niveau de D\u00e9dougou rencontre des difficult\u00e9s dans la mise en \u0153uvre des\nrencontres entre acteurs. Dans ce sens les difficult\u00e9s de calendrier (cong\u00e9s, mission\u2026) sont invoqu\u00e9es ce qui ne\nfacilite pas l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des rencontres.\n\n\nAu niveau de la Kossi, la coordination provinciale rencontre des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des acteurs sur\nle terrain et \u00e0 l\u2019absence de local (repr\u00e9sentation) de certains acteurs qui viennent pour des interventions\nponctuelles sur le terrain.\n\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 du Sourou, les difficult\u00e9s de coordination avec les autres acteurs sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des acteurs\nsur le terrain et aussi l\u2019absence de leur bureau. En plus il y a l\u2019absence d\u2019un cadre de concertation formelle entre\nacteurs sur le terrain principalement.\n# **Recommandations et actions de suivi requises**\n\n\n**RECOMMANDATIONS GENERALES (dans quel domaine, pour quelle localit\u00e9 et a quelle entit\u00e9)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaine Localit\u00e9 Entit\u00e9|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|
**Augmenter le nombre de PBS b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de**
**l\u2019assistance en cash**
|
Toutes les localit\u00e9s


|
HCR|\n|
**Augmenter le nombre de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires en abris**
|Djibasso,
Bomborokuy,
Nouna,
Tougan, Di
|Djibasso,
Bomborokuy,
Nouna,
Tougan, Di
|\n|**Fournir l\u2019assistance en Articles M\u00e9nagers Essentiels**|
Les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires en abris et les autres
PDI|
Les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires en abris et les autres
PDI|\n\n\n\n6/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACTIONS REQUISES DU HCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaines Actions Observations|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|
**Abris**
|
Appui \u00e0 la distribution des abris en
mettant
en
utilisant

les
comp\u00e9tences locales existantes.|
Les abris acquis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 insuffisants
et
certains
sont
actuellement
d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9s avec la saison hivernale.
Certains partenaires sont en train
d\u2019apporter une r\u00e9ponse dont 320
abris de Plan International mais au
regarde des PDIs qui dorment \u00e0 la
belle \u00e9toile \u00e0 Barani et la situation de
promiscuit\u00e9
\u00e0
Djibasso,
Bomborokuy, Nouna, Tougan ; cette
action devrait \u00eatre renforc\u00e9e.
|\n|**WASH**
|R\u00e9alisation des latrines et toilettes|
La question de WASH est de plus en
plus pr\u00e9occupante au niveau des
sites d\u2019accueil spontan\u00e9s. Un constat
amer est dans certains m\u00e9nages \u00e0
Bomborokuy, Nouna, \u2026il n\u2019y\u2019a pas de
toilettes.
|\n|**Logement terres et biens**

|R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer pour l\u2019octroi
de terre cultivable aux PDI.
R\u00e9aliser un plaidoyer pour la
s\u00e9curisation des terrains non lotis|
Avec la flamb\u00e9e des prix de location,
les PDI disposant d\u2019un peu de moyen
se livrent \u00e0 l\u2019achat des non-lotis sans
aucune garantie. Il convient de
travailler \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer ces ventes
de parcelles.|\n\n\n**Protection transversale : Consid\u00e9rations de protection \u00e0 prendre en compte dans la r\u00e9ponse des**\n**autres clusters, recommandations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cluster LOCALITES PROBLEMES RECOMMANDATION|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
**VBG**
**et**
**Protection**
|
Djibasso,
Bomborokuy,
Tougan,
Nouna, Daka
|
L\u2019absence de cadre de loisir pour les
enfants, la promiscuit\u00e9 des abris due \u00e0 la
pauvret\u00e9, la non-s\u00e9paration des femmes et
des hommes d\u2019une part, et des filles et des
gar\u00e7ons d\u2019autre part exposent les enfants \u00e0
des VBG telles le viol, l\u2019exploitation des
enfants, \u2026
|
R\u00e9aliser
des
sensibilisations.
R\u00e9aliser
des
espaces
\u00ab amis des enfants \u00bb
Initier des AGR pour les
parents.
Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019abri.


|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**
|Kassoum,
Lankou\u00e9,
Sono,
Bomborokuy,
Bourasso
et
Kombori

|
Les localit\u00e9s suscit\u00e9es n\u2019ont pas de
dispositif s\u00e9curitaire en termes de pr\u00e9sence
de FDS
|
R\u00e9aliser
un
plaidoyer
pour l\u2019implantation des
bases
FDS
dans
ces
localit\u00e9s.
R\u00e9aliser
un
plaidoyer
pour une patrouille de
s\u00e9curisation des localit\u00e9s
|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**
**alimentaire**|Kossi
et
Sourou|Ce probl\u00e8me est commun \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des
PDI car \u00e9tant vuln\u00e9rables. Pire est la|
R\u00e9aliser des distributions
de vivres sur toutes les|\n\n\n\n7/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|situation des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s suite
incidents qui se retrouvent dans les
localit\u00e9s de Djibasso, Nouna, Bomborokuy
sans rien absolument.|localit\u00e9s abritant les PDI
mais en priorisant
Djibasso, Bomborokuy,
Nouna et Barani
Appuyer les PDI dans
l\u2019octroi de surfaces
cultivables.
Appuyer les PDI \u00e0 la
r\u00e9alisation d\u2019AGR.|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|** Abris/AME**
|Djibasso
et
Bomborokuy,
Nouna, Barani|Surtout avec les derniers d\u00e9placements de
populations caus\u00e9s par les incidents de
Kombori et Barani, certaines PDI dorment \u00e0
la claire de lune parce qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas
d\u2019abris. En cette p\u00e9riode des pluies cela
constitue un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de sant\u00e9.|
R\u00e9aliser une distribution
d\u2019abris et AME.
|\n\n\n\n**Tableau des incidents:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|N Localit\u00e9s Dates Description de l\u2019incident Personne Actions entreprises
s
affect\u00e9es|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1**
|Ourkoum
/Kassoum(
Sourou)
|09/09
|Enl\u00e8vement
d\u2019un
commer\u00e7ant,
Dans la nuit du 02 au 03
septembre un commer\u00e7ant du
village de Ourkoum aurait \u00e9t\u00e9
enlev\u00e9 dans son domicile par
des individus arm\u00e9s non-
identifi\u00e9s. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 deux
jours plus tard.
Aucun
d\u00e9placement
de
population n\u2019est signal\u00e9 ni
intimidation ou pr\u00e9sence des
HANI|
01
|\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Plaider
pour
la
s\u00e9curisation
des
personnes
et
des
biens de la commune
de Kassoum o\u00f9 il n\u2019a
pas de FDS.
\u2022
Poursuivre
les
activit\u00e9s
de
monitoring
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psych
ologique des proches
de
ce
leader
communautaire

|\n|**2**|Wolonkoto
/Barani|14/ 09/ 2020|Blessure
mortelle
d\u2019une
femme de la population h\u00f4te
suite \u00e0 l\u2019attaque du village de
Wolonkoto|01|
\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Plaider
pour
la
s\u00e9curisation
des
personnes
et
des
biens de la commune|\n\n\n\n8/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|Dans la journ\u00e9e du
14/09/2020, des HANI ont fait
irruption dans le village de
Wolonkoto, ce qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une
panique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et
contraignant les populations \u00e0
fuir. C\u2019est dans la fuite qu\u2019une
femme aurait chut\u00e9 par terre
se blessant au niveau du
ventre (d\u00e9chirure au niveau
de l\u2019abdomen par un objet) et
c\u2019est suite \u00e0 cette
blessure(h\u00e9morragie) qu\u2019elle
est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e.
Pour le moment le village ne
connait pas de d\u00e9placement
massif, mais certaines
personnes ont trouv\u00e9 refuge \u00e0
Bomborokuy et Barani.
Un suivi de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la
situation est fait et toute
tendance nouvelle sera
partag\u00e9e.|Col5|de Barani o\u00f9 il y\u2019a de
FDS.
\u2022 Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles dans les
villages de la
commune de Barani
\u2022 Poursuivre les
activit\u00e9s de
monitoring \u00e0
distance.
Prise en charge
psychosociale/psych
ologique des proches
de la d\u00e9funte.|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**3**|Damahoun
/Barani|15/ 09/ 2020|Intimidation des habitants du
village
Dans
la
journ\u00e9e
du
15/09/2020 une quarantaine
d\u2019individu
arm\u00e9s
non
identifi\u00e9s ont fait irruption
dans le village de Damahoun
dans la commune de Barani
o\u00f9 ils ont rassembl\u00e9 les
habitants du village pour les
contraindre \u00e0 \u00e9couter leur
pr\u00eache et en les exhortant \u00e0
ne pas collaborer avec les FDS.
Pour
le
moment,
aucun
d\u00e9placement de population|On
peut
estimer \u00e0
70
personnes
affect\u00e9es
psychologi
quement
par
l\u2019incident.
|\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles dans les
villages
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psych
ologique des autres
proches de ce leader
communautaire|\n\n\n9/12\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|n\u2019est mentionn\u00e9 mais un suivi
de la situation est fait.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**4**
|Gombele/
Barani
|16/ 09/ 2020
|Meurtre de deux hommes.
Dans
la
journ\u00e9e
du
16/09/2020 deux hommes de
la commune de Barani en
mouvement
pour
Bomborokuy pour acheter des
produits auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par
des HANI entre le village de
Barani et Gombele.
Les deux hommes sont les fils
d\u2019un leader religieux influent
de la commune Barani.


|02
|\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Plaider
pour
la
s\u00e9curisation
des
personnes
et
des
biens de la commune
de Barani o\u00f9 il y\u2019a de
FDS.
\u2022
Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles sur les
axes
routiers
(Bomborokuy-Barani,
Barani-Djibasso\u2026)
\u2022
Poursuivre
les
activit\u00e9s
de
monitoring
\u00e0
distance.
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psycholo
gique de ce leader
religieux et des autres
proches.

|\n|**5**|P\u00e9lin
2/Barani|17/ 09/ 2020|Meurtre
d\u2019un
leader
Communautaire
Dans la nuit du 17 au
18/09/2020 le village de
P\u00e9lin 2 a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par des
individus
arm\u00e9s
non
identifi\u00e9s.
Cette
attaque
aurait caus\u00e9 des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts
mat\u00e9riels et une perte en vie
humaine. Il s\u2019agit du chef de
village qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 au cours
de cet incident.|01|
\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Plaider
pour
la
s\u00e9curisation
des
personnes
et
des
biens de la commune
de Barani o\u00f9 il y\u2019a de
FDS.
\u2022
Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles dans les
villages
\u2022
Poursuivre
les
activit\u00e9s
de
monitoring/
\u00e0
distance.
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psycholo
gique
des
autres
proches de ce leader
communautaire|\n\n\n\n10/12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|6|Pampakuy/
Barani|18/ 09/ 2020|Attaque meurtri\u00e8re
Dans la nuit du 18/09/2020, le
village de Pamapkuy a fait
l\u2019objet d\u2019une attaque
meurtrier par des HANI. Cette
attaque a cibl\u00e9 la position des
groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense
(Dozo) dans le village. Il faut
signaler que c\u2019est ce groupe
qui assurait la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du
village.
Malheureusement on note un
d\u00e9c\u00e8s c\u00f4t\u00e9 de dozo et deux
bless\u00e9s.
Cette ni\u00e8me situation (voire
les flash num\u00e9ros : 19 et 22
en Ao\u00fbt) \u00e0 Pampakuy a
provoqu\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements
de populations vers Barani
(chef-lieu de la commune)
Djibasso et Bomborokuy|01|\u2022 Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022 Eviter la zone
\u2022 Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles dans les
villages de la
commune de Barani
\u2022 Poursuivre les
activit\u00e9s de
monitoring \u00e0
distance.
Prise en charge
psychosociale/psycholo
gique des proches de
disparu et des bless\u00e9s|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**7**|Nomonok\u00e9
d\u00e9
(hameau
de culture
de
Magadian)
/Kombori|23/ 09/ 2020|
Attaque meurtri\u00e8re
Dans la nuit du 23/09/2020,
des
HANI
ont
fait
une
incursion dans le hameau de
culture nomm\u00e9 Nomonoki\u00e9d\u00e9
du village de Magadian. Ces
HANI
auraient
pill\u00e9
les
habitants (pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les
animaux, vivres et autres
biens), incendiant les habitats
et greniers.
Pire encore
ces
derniers
auraient mis terme \u00e0 la vie du
chef du village et un vieux du
village.
Cet incident aurait cr\u00e9\u00e9 une
psychose g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, ce qui
explique
le
d\u00e9placement
massif de populations des|02|\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Eviter la zone
\u2022
Plaidoyer pour les
patrouilles dans les
villages
de
la
commune
de
Kombori
\u2022
Poursuivre
les
activit\u00e9s
de
monitoring
\u00e0
distance.
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psycholo
gique des proches des
disparus.|\n\n\n11/12\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|villages environnant
(Aourema, Berma, Siekoro\u2026)
vers Djibasso et Bomborokuy.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**8**
|Dissi/Toeni|24/09/2020|
Attaque aux EEI contre convoi
militaire.
Dans
la
journ\u00e9e
du
24/09/2020 un convoi des FDS
faisant mouvement sur l\u2019axe
Toeni-Tougan aurait heurt\u00e9
une mine vers le village de
Dissi. Le bilan fait \u00e9tat de 02
FDS morts
|02|\u2022
Partage de l\u2019Alerte
\u2022
Eviter la zone
\u2022
Plaidoyer
pour
le
d\u00e9minage des routes
Tougan-Toeni
\u2022
Poursuivre
les
activit\u00e9s
de
monitoring
\u00e0
distance.
Prise
en
charge
psychosociale/psycholo
gique des FDS et des
proches des disparus.|\n\n\n12/12\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b87c990-9683-37c7-a5d6-587af3644daa/INTERSOS_Rapport%20mensuel%20de%20protection_Septembre2020-Boucle%20du%20Mouhoun.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_445/raw/doc_445_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_445/raw/doc_445_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 95bb69822d933c640476368e92ff00ffe27ccea1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_445/raw/doc_445_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# TCHAD\n\n**IMPACT DU COVID-19 ET L\u2019OPERATION \u00ab COLERE DE BOMA \u00bb SUR LA PROTECTION DANS LA**\n\n**PROVINCE DU LAC**\n\n\n1 [er] Avril 2020\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nL\u2019intervention humanitaire dans la province du Lac est men\u00e9e depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es dans un\ncontexte d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 des crises s\u00e9curitaires et socio-\u00e9conomiques rendant parfois difficile\nla d\u00e9livrance de l\u2019assistance aux personnes en situation de d\u00e9placement. Au niveau s\u00e9curitaire,\nla province en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et les d\u00e9partements de Kaya et de Fouli en particuliers, font l\u2019objet des\nattaques r\u00e9currentes des groupes arm\u00e9s sur la population civil et/ou les forces de d\u00e9fense et de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9. En outre, des petits villages, surtout au nord de la province, vivent presqu\u2019au quotidien\ndes attaques de pr\u00e9dation des groupes arm\u00e9s. A cette situation s\u00e9curitaire, s\u2019ajoutent les crises\nsocio-\u00e9conomiques ayant comme cause les conflits intercommunautaires li\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au\npartage des ressources disponibles.\n\n\nL\u2019environnement de protection s\u2019est significativement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 en mars 2020 par suite des\nmesures de pr\u00e9vention mise en place dans un cadre de la lutte contre la propagation du COVID19 au Tchad. Parmi les cons\u00e9quences en mati\u00e8re de protection, il est \u00e0 noter la suspension des\nr\u00e9unions familiales, la fermeture des espaces amis enfants et des \u00e9coles, le r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement de\nla distribution de vivres qui entraine certaines perturbations, la perturbation des chaines\nd\u2019approvisionnement agricoles et des march\u00e9s, le transport en commun limitant les\nd\u00e9placements des personnes etc. Ces facteurs accroissent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et d\u2019autres populations affect\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s dans la\nprovince du Lac en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et des femmes, des enfants, personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et personnes vivantes\navec handicap en particulier.\n\n\nOn observe egalement pendant cette p\u00e9riode une intensification des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s\ndans la province du Lac. Selon les sources s\u00e9curitaires, les modes d\u2019actions des groupes arm\u00e9s\nsont avanc\u00e9s et inclus l\u2019utilisation des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s, des embuscades, des\nenl\u00e8vements et pillages. Apr\u00e8s les attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Boma le 23 mars 2020, le\nPr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique du Tchad, SEM. Idriss Deby Itno qui s\u00e9journe actuellement \u00e0 Bagasola,\na sorti deux d\u00e9crets. L\u2019un instituant l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019urgence du 27 mars au 16 avril 2020 dans les\nD\u00e9partements de Fouli et Kaya (chef-lieu Baga Sola), avec instauration d\u2019un couvre-feu de 22\nheures \u00e0 6 heures ; et l\u2019autre d\u00e9clarant ces m\u00eames d\u00e9partements comme \u201czones de guerre\u201d.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Le 29 mars 2020, l\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire nomm\u00e9e **\u00ab col\u00e8re de Boma \u00bb** a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e \u00e0 Kaiga Kindjiria.\nCette op\u00e9ration contre-offensive de vaste envergure est men\u00e9e conjointement par les Forces de\nD\u00e9fense de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) Tchadiens, Nig\u00e9rians et Nig\u00e9riens appuy\u00e9s par les Forces\nMultinationale Mixtes (FMM) et comprend des attaques par terre, fluviales et a\u00e9riennes.\n\n\nDepuis le 21 mars 2020, plusieurs mouvements de populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s par OIM (DTM)\net la CRT. Il s\u2019agit du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de :\n\n\n - 2032 personnes en provenance de Boma vers la sous-pr\u00e9fecture de Liwa (d\u00e9partement\nde Fouli), dont 40 enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans le site de Yakirom (21 mars)\n;\n\n - 336 personnes en provenance de Kaiga Kindjiria vers un site situ\u00e9 dans la sous-pr\u00e9fecture\nde Liwa (22 mars) ;\n\n - 20,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en provenance de Boma vers Diamerom (31 mars).\n\n\nL\u2019op\u00e9ration **\u00ab col\u00e8re de Boma \u00bb** va certainement engendrer plus de mouvements de populations,\nqui voudront se mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri des combats et des bombardements. La coupure des r\u00e9seaux\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques dans certains endroits de la province du Lac pour de raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, pr\u00e9sente\nun d\u00e9fi majeur pour la communication avec les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es et le suivi de\nmouvements de population.\n\n\nRisques de protection :\n\n\n - Mouvements incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s de population qui se sentiront en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs localit\u00e9s\nd\u2019origine (ou de d\u00e9placement) vers des localit\u00e9s plus ou moins sures avec comme\ncons\u00e9quence une augmentation de la densit\u00e9 de la population, situations exposant les\nfilles et les femmes au viol, agressions sexuelles et autres violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre ;\n\n - Propagation du COVID-19 en lien avec les mouvements incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s ;\n\n - D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s secondaires ;\n\n - Dommages collat\u00e9raux sur les civils ;\n\n - Civils bloqu\u00e9s dans les iles ;\n\n - Arrestations et d\u00e9tentions arbitraires surtout pour les personnes sans documentation\ncivil ;\n\n - Incidents \u00e9lev\u00e9s des personnes vivantes avec handicap et personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00e0 risque d\u2019\u00eatre\nabandonn\u00e9es lors des mouvements de population pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9s ;\n\n - Renforcement des contr\u00f4les routiers militaris\u00e9s r\u00e9duisant l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 aux services de\nsant\u00e9 de base surtout la nuit pour les femmes enceintes ;\n\n - Perte d\u2019emploi chez certaines populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es notamment les jeunes ;\n\n - Croissance du nombre de personnes infect\u00e9es favorisant une tension accrue \u00e0 tous les\nniveaux, ce qui peut compromettre le respect de la mission m\u00e9dicale ;\n\n - Crainte que les populations sorties des c\u00f4t\u00e9s des iles du lac soient refus\u00e9es d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0\nl\u2019asile/ l\u2019aide humanitaire sous accusation d\u2019avoir des connexions avec les extr\u00e9mistes ;\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Stigmatisation des certains groupes ethniques soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de connivence avec les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s / suspect\u00e9s d'\u00eatre infect\u00e9s par COVID-19 ;\n\n - Manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux abris s\u00e9curis\u00e9s, services sociaux de base et l\u2019assistance humanitaire ;\n\n - Perturbations dans les cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement alimentaire de Juin \u00e0 Ao\u00fbt en\np\u00e9riode de soudure.\n\n\n_Violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre_\n\n\n - Manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services complets de base pour les survivantes et indisponibilit\u00e9 ou\nrupture des kits de dignit\u00e9s et PEP kits ;\n\n - Cas de VSBG par les forces nationales, groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces multinationales : viols,\nagressions, l\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuel, etc.\n\n - Une augmentation des strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation n\u00e9gatives telles que les formes\ndangereuses de travail des enfants et le mariage des enfants ; la prostitution\n\n - Aggravation de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 mentale pr\u00e9existants ;\n\n - Risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de violences domestiques et violences partenaires intimes ;\n\n - Impact \u00e9conomique n\u00e9gatif sur la vie des femmes et des adolescentes.\n\n\n_Protection de l\u2019enfant_\n\n\n - Au niveau institutionnel : Mesures de pr\u00e9vention risquant de remettre en cause les\nengagements nationaux, d\u2019impacter l\u2019assistance humanitaire ; augmentation du nombre\nd\u2019interventions entrainant les risques de PSEA ; perturbation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ;\n\n - Au niveau communautaire : Stigmatisation des enfants de familles affect\u00e9es par le COVID19/ ou soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de connivence avec les groupes arm\u00e9s ; tensions\ncommunautaires ; la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des normes sociales prot\u00e9geant les enfants ; la\nr\u00e9duction des services sociaux intervenant dans le domaine de la Protection de l\u2019enfant ;\n\n - Au niveau des familles : Augmentations des violences domestiques y inclus des violences\nsexuelles ; recomposition familiale (s\u00e9parations forc\u00e9es, abandon familial, enfants chefs\nde m\u00e9nages ; mise en place des strat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9fastes : Mariage des enfants,\nexploitation \u00e9conomique ou sexuelle ;\n\n - Au niveau des enfants : Souffrance psychologique, troubles mentaux li\u00e9 \u00e0\nl\u2019incompr\u00e9hension de la maladie COVID-19 /l\u2019action militaire en cours/ aux difficult\u00e9s\nrencontr\u00e9es par les parents ; arrestations arbitraires/arrestations violentes des enfants\n(surtout les adolescents) et des adultes et m\u00e9thodes violentes d\u2019interrogation/de\ntransfert/d\u2019emprisonnement ; risques de blessures/morts des enfants caus\u00e9s par les\nengins explosifs improvis\u00e9s/restes explosifs dans les champs non d\u00e9limit\u00e9s ; s\u00e9paration\ndes enfants lors du mouvement :\n\n\n - Mouvement pr\u00e9ventif :\n\n`o` Risque moins grand de s\u00e9paration des enfants mais possibilit\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration lors\n\ndes mouvements de groupe.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Probl\u00e8me de retour des enfants envoy\u00e9s par les parents dans la zone d\u2019origine\n\npour chercher du mat\u00e9riel/nourriture laiss\u00e9s derri\u00e8re dans les parcelles priv\u00e9es.\n\n`o` Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019envoie des enfants pour collecte de l\u2019eau dans les puits des\n\nvillages d\u2019origine et collecte de bois.\n\n`o` Risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des jeunes adolescents par les extr\u00e9mistes pour une\n\nutilisation \u00e0 leurs faits.\n\n - Mouvement pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 :\n\n`o` Risque accru de s\u00e9paration familiale.\n\n`o` Enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfants/jeunes par le groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n`o` Cas de VSBG par les populations, forces militaires, groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nIl d\u00e9coule de cette analyse trois r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 apporter dans la crise actuelle :\n\n\n\u27a2 Une r\u00e9ponse s\u00e9curitaire aussi bien pour le staff des Nations-Unies que les partenaires ;\n\u27a2 Une r\u00e9ponse li\u00e9e aux mouvements de population ;\n\u27a2 Une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19.\n\n\nRecommandations/ actions prioritaires pour assurer la centralit\u00e9 de la protection dans les\nr\u00e9ponses li\u00e9es aux mouvements de populations et la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 :\n\n\nLes actions suivantes op\u00e9rationnalisent les engagements pris par le Tchad lors des Dialogues\nR\u00e9gionaux de Protection sur le Bassin du Lac Tchad (28-29 janvier 2019 \u00e0 Abuja) et sur le Sahel\n(11-12 septembre 2019 \u00e0 Bamako).\n\n\n**1.** **Communication de risques et participation communautaire**\n\n - Mise en place d\u2019un Task Force de communication de risques et participation\ncommunautaire sous l\u2019\u00e9gide des autorit\u00e9s locales charger de :\n(i.) R\u00e9pertorier les principaux canaux de communication communautaires (radios,\nrelais, contacts t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques avec les leaders communautaires, comit\u00e9s des\njeunes etc.).\n(ii.) Etablir les directives pour la communication sur toute information et\nmodalit\u00e9s pertinentes relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes.\n(iii.) Faciliter la traduction des messages de sensibilisations/ feedback des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n(iv.) Sensibiliser les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et populations \u00e0 risques\nde d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 vivants dans les d\u00e9partements de Fouli et Kaya sur les\nrisques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire en cours/COVID-19.\n(v.) Assurer l\u2019implication des leaders communautaires dans la d\u00e9termination des\nsites surs pour les d\u00e9placements.\n(vi.) Prevention des s\u00e9parations familiales et mise en place de mesure de prises en\ncharges alternatives.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Facilitation du d\u00e9placement volontaire des personnes vivants \u00e0 Kaya et Fouli vers des**\n\n**sites s\u00e9curis\u00e9s (anciens ou cr\u00e9ation des nouveaux sites)**\n\n - Utiliser la plateforme CIM-COORD pour les \u00e9changes avec les autorit\u00e9s locales/forces\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et militaires sur les questions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire/ le d\u00e9placement\ndes populations affect\u00e9es dans des conditions s\u00e9curitaires/dignes/sans discrimination\net participative.\n\n - Former les FDS et FMM (par Webex, diffusion des affiches etc.) sur des th\u00e8mes-cl\u00e9s\nparticuli\u00e8rement sur le droit international humanitaire, le droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\ndroits de l\u2019homme en concertation avec CICR, OHCHR, COGINTA et pr\u00e9vention du\nCOV-19.\n\n - Conduire des \u00e9valuations multisectorielles rapides et assistance intersectorielle\n(activation du plan stock de contingence inter-agence) au niveau des sites de\nd\u00e9placements.\n\n - Cr\u00e9er des espaces s\u00fbrs pour les enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s, EAFGA en\nattendant leur prise en charge par les autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n - Cr\u00e9er des sites d\u2019accueil dans les endroits s\u00e9curis\u00e9s et mettre en place des\ninfrastructures de base (abris et WASH) dont les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont besoin.\n\n - Renforcer les structures communautaires d\u2019auto-gestion avec parit\u00e9 hommesfemmes et qui servent de relais et collaborent avec les acteurs humanitaires.\n\n - Mise en place et appui a des m\u00e9canismes de prise en charge psychosociale et en sant\u00e9\nmentale.\n\n**3.** **Renforcement du monitoring de protection et la gestion des cas \u00e0 distance et en**\n\n**utilisant la technologie possible**\n\n - Partage d\u2019information sur les mouvements transfrontaliers des populations avec les\nclusters protection du Cameroun, Niger et Nigeria (faits, des r\u00e9unions hebdomadaires\npar Webex ont \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir du 27 mars).\n\n - Renforcer la collaboration/partage d\u2019information sur le suivi des violations des droits\nhumains avec le OHCHR et membres de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile.\n\n - Renforcer les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019identification des personnes en besoin de protection\ninternationale \u00e0 travers les formations et plaidoyer sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 l\u2019intention des\nautorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n**4.** **Plaidoyer**\n\n - D\u00e9veloppement des messages de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s portant entre autres\nsur :\n\n`o` L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux r\u00e9seaux t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques car les antennes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques sont\n\ncritiques comme un moyen essentiel pour maintenir contact avec les\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es.\n\n`o` L\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et le respect des principes humanitaires/protection.\n\n`o` Transfert imm\u00e9diat des EAFGAs aux autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` La reconnaissance sur la base prima facie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s affect\u00e9s par la crise qui\n\npr\u00e9vaut dans le Sahel.\n\n`o` Pr\u00e9vision des nouveaux sites d\u2019accueil pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui fuient et\n\nassurance pour leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et protection physique par les FDS et leur acc\u00e8s\npar les acteurs humanitaires\n\n\n**R\u00e9vis\u00e9 par la CNARR, ACF, COOPI, DIAKONI, CRT, INTERSOS, IRC, OCHA, OIM, OXFAM, UNHCR,**\n**UNFPA, UNICEF**\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eeead8a9-0fe8-3d6b-8cbe-172f54202780/Impact%20du%20COVID-19%20et%20l%27op%C3%A9ration%20%C2%AB%20col%C3%A8re%20de%20Boma%20%C2%BB%20sur%20la%20protection%20dans%20la%20province%20du%20Lac%20%281%20avril%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_446/raw/doc_446_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_446/raw/doc_446_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 324fea4c691897f46aa963744aeb8de8e7a29b77..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_446/raw/doc_446_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,525 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_Empowered lives,_\n_Resilient nations._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **2015**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Copyright \u00a9 2015**\n\n\nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in retrieval system or\ntransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording\nor otherwise, without prior permission of UNDP.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Acknowledgments**\n\nConsultation and Research Institute and the experts contracted by CRI\n\n\nThe Central Administration of Statistics\n\n\nMembers of the Steering Committee:\n\nUnited Nations Resident Coordinator\u2019s Office\n\nUnited Nations Development Program\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\nOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\n\nUnited Nations Children\u2019s Fund\n\nWorld Food Program\n\nWorld Bank\n\nThe International Monetary Fund\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### PREFACE\n\nSince the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in March 2011, more than three million\npeople have fled from the suffering brought by the war, seeking refuge in\nneighboring countries. More than 1.2 million Syrians have come to Lebanon\nand registered with UNHCR. In response, the United Nations, in partnership with\nthe Lebanese government and with the generous support of the international\ncommunity, have established one of the largest and most complex crisis\noperations in the world, combining humanitarian assistance to the refugees\nwith progressively increasing support to the Lebanese host communities. The\nLebanese people, however, were the true first responders to the crisis, showing\nremarkable solidarity by providing welcome, shelter, services and support, even\nthough in many cases their own needs were already high.\n\n\nWhile the literature on the impact of the humanitarian aid to the Syrian refugees\nis extensive, given the wide array of assessment tools and reports available,\nmuch less attention has been given so far to the effects on the Lebanese\neconomy. This is especially important considering the large volume of foreign\naid that has been directed to Lebanon in response to the Syrian crisis (roughly\nUS$ 2.2 billion since 2012); but also in light of the specific characteristics of the\nLebanon response operation, which \u2013 unlike other humanitarian operations \u2013 is\nlargely channeled through public institutions and makes extensive use of local\nhuman resources and national goods and services.\n\n\nTo provide a deeper understanding of the overall effects of the response\noperation, UNDP and UNHCR have commissioned a study to assess the impact\non the Lebanese economy of the assistance provided by four major UN\nagencies (UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, and UNDP) in response to the Syrian crisis. It was\nagreed to adopt two measures to reflect the direct and indirect impacts of the\nhumanitarian funds: (1) A fiscal multiplier exercise which calculates the total\neffect of humanitarian expenditures on the aggregate demand and GDP of\nthe pre-crisis Lebanese economy, disregarding all other economic and fiscal\nfactors; and (2) A general equilibrium exercise which incorporates the various\nsources of production and consumption and the potential substitution among\nthe various factors of production.\n\n\nThe present report presents the results of the first phase of the study, i.e. the\nmultiplier exercise, which calculates the impact of an estimated annual aid\npackage for four major UN humanitarian agencies of US$ 800 million. The\nsecond and final part of the study,which analyzes the impact of the Syrian crisis\non the demand and supply of labor and capital within the Lebanese economy,\nwill be presented at a later stage.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Table of Contents**\n\nExecutive Summary.....................................................................................................7\n\n1. Objectives...................................................................................9\n\n2. Methodology......................................................................................................9\n\n3. Data Processing.................................................................................................10\n\nData Gathering..................................................................................................10\n\nData Consolidation............................................................................................10\n\nBasic Descriptive Results.....................................................................................11\n\n4. Social Accounts Matrix Model............................................................................13\n\nGathering, Processing, Consolidation, Basic Results............................................13\n\nSquaring the Input Output Matrix........................................................................14\n\nBalancing the SAM.............................................................................................14\n\nMultiplier Effect: Calculations..............................................................................16\n\nResults of the Multiplier Effect Exercise................................................................16\n\nSensitivity Analysis...............................................................................................18\n\n##### **List of Figures**\n\n\nFigure 1 Comparison of aid expenditures (USD) with the total number of Syrian\nrefugees...................................................................................................13\n\nFigure 2 Diagram of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)............................................15\n\n##### **List of Tables**\n\n\nTable 1 Structure of the data files................................................................................10\n\nTable 2 Period covered by the data files.....................................................................10\n\nTable 3 Consolidated results including all agencies (2011-2014).................................12\n\nTable 4 Consolidated results by sector of activity (2011-2014)...................................12\n\nTable 5 Impact on aggregates (billion LBP)...............................................................17\n\nTable 6 Impact on the Economic Sectors..................................................................17\n\nTable 7 Distribution of the multiplier effect by beneficiary type....................................18\n\nTable 8 Sensitivity scenarios: Impact on GDP............................................................18\n\nTable 9 Sensitivity scenarios: Impact on aggregates (billion LBP).............................19\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Executive Summary\n\nIn view of the significant amount of funds being spent by international agencies on\nmitigation and relief efforts in response to the impact of the Syrian crisis on Lebanon\u2019s\ninfrastructure, public services, and labor market, it became essential to measure the\nimpact of the aid package on the Lebanese economy.To this end, UNDP and UNHCR\nhave commissioned a study to assess the impact on the Lebanese economy of the\nhumanitarian aid provided by some UN agencies to the Syrian Refugees in Lebanon.\n\n\nThe study adopts two measures to reflect the direct and indirect impacts of the\nhumanitarian funds:\n\n\n1) A fiscal multiplier exercise which calculates the total effect of humanitarian\nexpenditures on the aggregate demand and GDP of the pre-crisis Lebanese economy,\ndisregarding all other economic and fiscal factors;\n\n\n2) A general equilibrium exercise which incorporates the various sources of\nproduction & consumption and the potential substitution among the various factors\nof production.\n\n\nThis report presents the results of the multiplier exercise (measure 1) which estimates the\nimpact of an annual aid package of USD 800 million, spent according to a structure\nobtained from four major UN agencies (UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, and UNDP) and covering\nthe period spanning from quarter 4 2011 to quarter 2 2014. This exercise, conducted\nover 26 economic sectors,culminated in the following major findings:\n\n##### \uf06e A timeline comparison of aid trends with total refugee number shows a rather\n\nclose correlation between the increasing size of the refugee population and the\namount of aid expenditure.\n\n##### \uf06e Around 44% of the aid package was injected into the economy in the form of\n\ndirect cash to beneficiaries (most of which in the form of WFP food cards); more than\n40% was spent in the form of in-kind purchases;and 14% was spent on payroll of UN\n\nand implementing partner personnel [1] .\n\n##### \uf06e The sectoral distribution of aid expenditures shows that the highest share of aid\n\nwas allocated to food products (27%), followed by real estate, which includes rents\n(14%), chemicals, which includes pharmaceutical products (9%), and education\nservices (7%).\n\n##### \uf06e The injection of USD800 million (1,230 billion LBP) of aid during the year under\n\nconsideration (in this case, 2014) implies that final demand was boosted by the same\namount. This additional demand was met by increased supply equivalent to 2,068\nbillion LBP.\n\n##### \uf06e The additional supply (2,068 billion LBP) was obtained partially through imports\n\n(456 billion LBP) and partially through increased production in the Lebanese economy,\nas reflected by increases in the labor, capital, and tariff outputs. All these increases\nwere reflected by an additional growth of 1.3% in the Lebanese GDP.\n\n\n1 The 14% spent on payroll was also injected into the Lebanese economy in the form of consumption\nexpenditures of personnel households.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### \uf06e In terms of the fiscal multiplier, the exercise shows that every USD 1 spent on\n\nhumanitarian assistance has a multiplier value of USD 1.6 in the economic sectors.\nIn other words, when the four UN agencies disburse USD 800 million of humanitarian\nassistance, it is as if they were actually injecting USD 1.28 billion in the Lebanese\neconomy.\n\n##### \uf06e While it helped mitigate the effects of the Syria crisis, the humanitarian package\n\ndid not completely offset those effects. In fact, a simulation of the combined effect\nof a 23% decrease in tourism volume, a 7.5% decrease in exports, and the injection\nof the same aid package (USD 800 million) results in negative GDP growth of -0.3%\ninstead of the initially obtained positive growth of 1.3%.\n\nIn conclusion, the exercise shows that the positive effects of the fiscal package exceed\nthe strict amount spent by a factor of 1.6. However, the discourse on the effects of the\nSyria crisis and any mitigation efforts would largely benefit from a general equilibrium\nexercise that provides a more realistic portrayal of the effects of the refugee presence\nin Lebanon on the demand and supply of labor and capital within the Lebanese\neconomy.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 1. Objectives\n\nThe latest UNHCR estimate [2] places the size of the Syrian refugee population of\nLebanon at 1,158,710, out of whom 1,140,036 are registered with the agency. In other\nwords, the population of Lebanon has undergone an increase of 27% in the span of\nonly three years. This massive demographic shock has widespread implications on\nall aspects of life in the country. Several attempts to assess the impact of the Syria\ncrisis have been conducted to date, the most notable of which are the UNDP\u2019s \u201cThe\nSyrian Crisis: Implications for Development Indicators and Development Planning in\nJordan and Lebanon\u201d (October, 2013), the World Bank\u2019s Economic and Social Impact\nAssessment of the Syrian Conflict (September 2013), and the ILO\u2019s \u201cAssessment of the\nImpact of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon and their Employment Profile\u201d (2014). None of\nthese studies however addressed the specific impact of the humanitarian aid that\nwas injected into the Lebanese economy.\n\n\nThe UNDP and the UNHCR have commissioned a study to assess the impact on the\nLebanese economy of the UN and International Humanitarian Aid provided to the\nSyrian Refugees in Lebanon. The project is overseen by a steering committee that\nincludes the UNDP, UNHCR, UNRCO, UNICEF, and WFP, in addition to OCHA, and the\nWorld Bank. The IMF was also invited to attend the Steering Committee meeting which\ntook place on November 14, 2014.This impact is reflected using two measures:\n\n\ni. Fiscal multiplier impact on major branches of production; and\n\nii. Impact on total economic output through a general equilibrium model.\n\nThis report will present the findings of the multiplier effect exercise.\n\n##### 2. Methodology\n\n\nThe methodology of the multiplier exercise is subdivided into three major steps:\n\n\n1. **Processing of the financial data** with the aim of classifying the expenditure\ntransactions according to the 26-sector structure of the Central Administration for\nStatistics (CAS).\n\n\n2. **Preparation of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)** from the input-output table\nof the CAS (2011).\n\n\n3. **Conducting the multiplier exercise** by applying an annual influx of aid using the\ngenerated structure in step 1 into the generated SAM in step 2.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "financial data", - "confidence": 0.9395727515220642, - "start": 355, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CAS", - "confidence": 0.5466907024383545, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Social Accounting Matrix", - "confidence": 0.7474915385246277, - "start": 389, - "end": 392 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SAM", - "confidence": 0.9244765639305115, - "start": 393, - "end": 394 - }, - "author": { - "text": "CAS", - "confidence": 0.7545061707496643, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5237007141113281, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5643838047981262, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Source|Number of received files|Number of records|Number of variables|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|UNHCR|2|20,022|24|\n|UNICEF|4|5,902|8|\n|UNDP3|1|808|14|\n|WFP|2|One table per year|14|\n\n\n|Col1|2011|Col3|Col4|Col5|2012|Col7|Col8|Col9|2013|Col11|Col12|Col13|2014|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|\n\n\n\n\n##### 3. Data Processing\n###### Data Gathering\n\nA decision was taken to rely on actual expenditure and not on commitments in\ncompiling aggregates. Expenditure data was received from the four UN agencies\nwhich account for at least 70% of total UN humanitarian aid within the context of the\nSyrian refugee presence.The data consisted of a total of 9 files containing around\n26,500 records (table 1). The four agencies rely on different accounting classifications,\nwhich meant that the data files were essentially not compatible and could not be\nmerged. The period covered by the data extends from quarter 4 2011 to quarter\n2 2014 (table 2). Information on the social and demographic characteristics of the\nSyrian refugees was obtained from the UNHCR refugee database.\n\n\n**Table 1** Structure of the data files\n\n\n**Table 2** Period covered by the data files\n\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nUNICEF\n\n\nUNDP\n\n\nWFP\n\n###### Data Consolidation\n\n\nOnce the data files were received, the first step consisted of understanding the\naccounting classifications and the logic behind the various reporting styles of the four\ninvolved agencies. This required meetings with accounting and program personnel\nduring which clarifications were requested and received.\n\n\nThese clarifications allowed the consolidation of the various items of expenditure\ninto four basic categories of expenditure, following which they were assigned to their\nrelevant sectors based on the Central Administration of Statistics\u2019(CAS) classification.\nThe four expenditure categories are as follows:\n\n\n2 As of February 13, 2015.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Expenditure data", - "confidence": 0.9826552867889404, - "start": 248, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.727895200252533, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5151734352111816, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee", - "confidence": 0.6209449172019958, - "start": 274, - "end": 276 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR refugee database", - "confidence": 0.9982062578201294, - "start": 358, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "social and demographic characteristics of the\nSyrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6177895069122314, - "start": 346, - "end": 354 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5180965065956116, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.759046196937561, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9800395369529724, - "start": 352, - "end": 354 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. **In-kind transactions:** These reflect the purchase of equipment, furnishings,\nand supplies, either donated to Syrian refugees or as part of the operational\nexpenditures of the various agencies and their local partners. These expenditures\nwere directly classified into the relevant economic sectors.\n\n\n2. **Payroll:** This category includes the salaries of national agency staff as well as\nthe portion that remains in Lebanon out of the salaries disbursed to international\nstaff. An estimation of the average annual salary of these employees placed\nthem in the highest income quintile of the CAS\u2019s Household Expenditure Survey\nof 2011. Thus, payroll was assigned to the various sectors of the economy based\non the expenditure structure of this highest quintile, as specified in the Household\nExpenditure Survey report (2011). It was assumed that the entirety of the payroll was\nspent, i.e. no savings were accumulated.\n\n\n3. **Cash to Beneficiaries:** Funds that were given to beneficiaries were reclassified\ninto their relevant sectors based on the expenditure structure of Syrian refugees\nprovided by the Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyr,\n2013) issued by WFP, UNICEF and UNHCR. The same assumption of zero savings was\napplied to Syrian refugees.\n\n\n4. **Cash to NGOs:** These transactions reflect transfers made by the four main\nagencies to local partners which then spent them on refugee-related programs.\nAs there was no way to ascertain the exact structure of expenditure of these\nitems, the four main UN agencies were asked to provide assumptions based on\nwhich this category was reassigned into: in-kind transactions, payroll, and cash\nto beneficiaries. The resulting amounts were then allocated to the various sectors\neither based on agency recommendations or on a pro-rata basis.\n\nFinally, it should be noted that two items remained unclassifiable even with the help\nof the agencies: 1) UNHCR\u2019s \u201cservice unclassified\u201d amounting to 59.587 million USD\nand 2)UNDP\u2019s \u201cIn kind aid\u201d amounting to 0.022 million USD. These were allocated to\nthe following sectors on a pro-rata basis to the weights of these sectors for the same\nagencies: Transport, Accommodation and food service activities, Information and\ncommunication, Financial & insurance activities, Real estate activities, Professional,\nscientific and technical activities, Administrative and support service activities, Public\nadministration & international, Education, Human health & social work activities.\n\n##### Basic Descriptive Results\n\n\nDistribution of aid by type\n\n\nOut of the total $820MN spent during QIV 2011-QII 2014, 44% was allocated toward\n\u201ccash to beneficiaries\u201d, mainly reflecting the cash vouchers dispensed by WFP. In\naddition, 42% were spent on \u201cin-kind purchases\u201d which consists both of contributions\nto Syrian refugees and the operational expenses of UN agency programs to deliver\nthe assistance. The remainder 14% consists of payroll expenditures to central office\nand field staff (table 3).\n\n\ncrisis and not to the entirety of the agency\u2019s operations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Expenditure Survey", - "confidence": 0.9635144472122192, - "start": 110, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8080899715423584, - "start": 112, - "end": 113 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CAS", - "confidence": 0.987419068813324, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9919189810752869, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5450428128242493, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9484807252883911, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "national agency staff", - "confidence": 0.7288978695869446, - "start": 67, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household\nExpenditure Survey report", - "confidence": 0.9818022847175598, - "start": 142, - "end": 146 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6486749053001404, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5864781141281128, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9125573635101318, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.830538809299469, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9597684144973755, - "start": 204, - "end": 211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "expenditure structure of Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9249303936958313, - "start": 196, - "end": 201 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9919598698616028, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9970420002937317, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9911813735961914, - "start": 199, - "end": 201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Human health & social work activities", - "confidence": 0.5489163994789124, - "start": 450, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "QIV 2011-QII 2014", - "confidence": 0.7386429309844971, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7506952285766602, - "start": 520, - "end": 522 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Total In-kind|347,152,229|42%|\n|---|---|---|\n|Total payroll (NGO+UN)|114,368,311|14%|\n|Total Cash Beneficiaries|358,518,371|44%|\n|**Grand total**|**820,038,912**|**100%**|\n\n\n\n\n\n**Table 3** Consolidated results including all agencies (2011-2014)\n\n\nTOTAL (USD) SHARE\n\n\nDistribution of aid by economic sector\n\n\nThe sectoral distribution of aid expenditures reveals that almost a quarter of the aid was\nspent on food, undoubtedly related to the WFP\u2019s pre-paid card system. The second\nmost impacted sector was real estate, which includes rental subsidies, office and\nvenue rental, etc. Manufacture of petroleum, chemicals, rubber, and plastics took up\n9% of total aid expenditures. This is a broad category that includes gas, drugs, and\nmedical supplies such as gloves and syringes, among other items. Finally, Education\naccounts for 7%, reflecting tuition subsidies, training services, and other educational\nservice-related expenditures.\n\n\nAs expected, a breakdown of the sectoral distribution based on type of aid reveals\nthat the highest share of in-kind contributions fell under the petroleum and chemicals\ncategory. Indeed, large amounts of drugs and medical supplies were donated to\nrefugees. Finally, clear differences in the allocation of expenditures may be noted\nbetween the payroll and cash-to-beneficiaries categories. Thus, Syrian refugees spent\nalmost half of the cash aid (cash to beneficiaries) on food because poorer households\nspend a larger share of their income on food and because purchases under the\nvoucher system are restricted to food.In contrast, only 18% of payroll expenditures is\nspent on food.\n\n\n**Table 4** Consolidated results by sector of activity (2011-2014)\n\n\nCash to\nTotal In kind Payroll\nbeneficiaries\n\n\n|Agriculture and forestry A1|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Livestock & livestock products; fishing A2|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Mining and quarrying B|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Manufacture of food products C1|27%|4%|18%|53%|\n|Manufacture of beverages & tobacco C2|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Manufacture of textiles, clothing & leather C3|5%|10%|6%|0%|\n|Manufacture of wood & paper products; printing C4|1%|2%|1%|0%|\n|Manufacture of petroleum, chemicals, rubber & plastics C5|9%|17%|7%|3%|\n|Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products C6|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Manufacture of metal products, machinery and equipment C7|2%|4%|4%|0%|\n|Furniture & other manufacturing C8|4%|6%|5%|1%|\n|Electricity D|2%|0%|4%|3%|\n|Water supply; sewerage, waste management, etc. E|1%|1%|1%|2%|\n|Construction F|2%|4%|0%|0%|\n|Commercial trade & motor vehicle repairs G|3%|8%|0%|0%|\n|Transport H|5%|2%|18%|4%|\n|Accommodation and food service activities I|1%|1%|4%|0%|\n|Information and communication J|2%|3%|5%|0%|\n|Financial & insurance activities K|2%|5%|1%|0%|\n|Real estate activities L|14%|2%|15%|25%|\n|Professional, scientific and technical activities M|1%|2%|1%|0%|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Administrative and support service activities + Travel N|0%|0%|0%|0%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Public administration & international O|4%|9%|0%|0%|\n|Education P|7%|15%|6%|1%|\n|Human health & social work activities Q|5%|1%|2%|9%|\n|Personal service activities V|0%|0%|2%|0%|\n|**Grand Total**|**100%**|**100%**|**100%**|**100%**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Squaring the Input Output Matrix\n\nTwo steps were taken in order to obtain a squared input-output matrix:\n\n\na. In the standardized system of national accounts, commercial margins appear\nas a separate line and therefore need to be integrated into the input-output table in\norder to obtain a squared matrix. For that purpose, commercial margins were added\nto \u201cCommercial trade & motor vehicle repairs\u201d.\n\n\nb. Considering the particular importance of tourism in the Lebanese economy,\nthe National Accounts devoted a specific effort to assess its impact. The CAS report\nsays: \u201cTravel debits do not need to be classified by product. Travel credits (expenditure\nby non-residents visiting Lebanon), initially a single figure, have to be allocated\nbetween the products purchased in a special column. In the absence of a survey\nof departing visitors, the allocation was provisional and subject to adjustment at the\nbalancing stage\u201d. Unfortunately this conservative attitude also had to be modified in\norder to reach a square and invertible matrix. For that purpose, non-resident tourist\nexpenditure in Lebanon had to be allocated to products in a column next to the\nexports column on the basis of reasonable assumptions. On the other hand, resident\nfirms spending outside Lebanon for business travel were considered as intermediate\nconsumption under \u201cAdministrative and support service activities\u201d and resident\nhouseholds spending outside Lebanon were considered as final consumption, both\nappearing as a supplementary row, adjacent to imports.\n\n\nAs a result of the above technical measures, the input-output table was transformed\ninto a square 26x26 matrix.\n###### Balancing the SAM\n\n\nBalancing the SAM addresses fundamental macro aggregates such as savings,\nremittances, debt, and capital accounts. Based on the available data from the\nGovernment, Central Bank, and Commercial banks accounts for the relevant year,\nthe exercise was performed with all possible care, keeping in mind the exceptional\nweight of these capital and financial aggregates in the Lebanese economy.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 2** Diagram of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Before going into the details of the multiplier exercise, it is important to clarify the issue\nof the amount of aid that was injected into the exercise to translate into additional\ndemand and multiplier effects on total output. Indeed, because the multiplier exercise\nrequires injecting a certain amount of aid in one single year, it was not possible to use\nthe 820 million USD package which was spent between 2011 and 2014. Rather, the\nteam had to choose between either to use the total amount spent during a full year\n(2013) or to estimate the amount that would be spent by the end of the 2014 fiscal\nyear. The study team opted for the second option because of the escalating amount\nof aid throughout the study period. Indeed, estimations revealed that the year 2014\nwould involve an amount of aid close to 800 million USD (391 million in Q1 and Q2),\nwhich is similar to the total amount of aid spent over the three-year period (820 million\nUSD). In comparison, only 319 million USD were spent in 2013. This annual aid injection\nof 800 million USD was distributed based on the structure of expenditure of the entire\naid package (3 years) in order to smooth out any irregularities.\n\n##### Multiplier Effect: Calculations\n\n\nOn these basis, the multiplier calculations could be performed as follows:\n\n\nGlobal Demand (D) = Global Supply (S)\n\n\nD = Final Consumption (FC) + Investment (I) + Intermediate Consumption (IC)\n+ Exports (X)\n\n\nS = Production (Y), including commercial margins (CM) + Taxes on products (T)\n+ Imports (M)\n\n\nD = FC + I + IC + X = Y + T+ M = S\n\n\nConstant ratios of production: IC = [A] S\n\n\nHence: S = [I-A]-1 (FC + I + X)\n\n\nThis allows the estimation of the total supply as a result of specific assumptions on the\nvariations of final Consumption, investment, and exports (including non-resident tourist\nexpenditure in the country).\n\n\nMore specifically:\n\n\n- FC incorporates the variation in demand due to UN aid expenditures\n\n\n- I is assumed to be constant\n\n\n- X is affected (or not, depending on scenarios) by the closure of land routes\nand the decrease in the number of incoming tourists\n\n\nFollowing that, once the total supply is known, production (Y), taxes on products (T),and\nimports (M) are derived from S on the basis of proportionality.\n###### Results of the Multiplier Effect Exercise\n\n\nIt is estimated that final demand was boosted by 1,230 billion LBP or $800 million\nduring the year under consideration as a result of the injection of humanitarian\nassistance. This additional demand was met by increased supply equivalent to 2,068\nbillion LBP. The additional supply was obtained partially through imports (456 billion LBP)\nand partially through increased production in the Lebanese economy, as reflected by\nincreases in the labor, capital, and tariff outputs. All these increases were reflected by\nan additional growth of 1.3% in the Lebanese GDP (table 5). The table also shows a\nrelatively higher effect on capital (0.8%) and imports (0.8%) than on labor (0.4%) and\ntariffs (0.1%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 5** Impact on aggregates (billion LBP)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Final Demand**\n98,051 1,230\n**(FD)**\n\n**Supply** 161,715 2,068\n\n**GDP** **60,419** **774** **62.9%** **1.3%** **1.3%**\n\n**Of which Margins** 14,212 202 16.4% 1.4% 0.3%\n\n**Labor** 21,029 239 19.5% 1.1% 0.4%\n\n**Capital** 34,485 495 40.3% 1.4% 0.8%\n\n**Tariffs** 4,905 39 3.2% 0.8% 0.1%\n\n**Imports** 37,632 456 37.1% 1.2% 0.8%\n\n**Exports** 21,887 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%\n\n**Trade balance** -15,745 -456 -37.1% 2.9% -0.8%\n\n\nThe distribution of the GDP impact (1.3%) across the economic sectors shows a\nsignificantly higher impact on food (4.47%), followed by livestock and livestock\nproducts (2.2%), then transport (2.03%), and real estate activities (2%). Education\nand human health are also significantly impacted, registering a growth rate of 1.79%\nand 1.76% respectively (table 6). Various types of aid have different impacts on the\neconomic sectors. Thus, the two sectors that are most impacted by in-kind assistance\nare education (1.43%) and furniture (1.11%). Food was the single most impacted\nfactor by cash assistance (3.73%) due to the WFP\u2019s card system which limits purchases\nto food items.\n\n\n**Table 6** Impact on the Economic Sectors\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Total|In-Kind|Cash to
Beneficiaries|Payroll|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Agriculture and forestry A1|**1.23%**|0.06%|
0.97%|0.12%|\n|Livestock & livestock products; fshing A2|**2.20%**|0.06%|1.80%|0.21%|\n|Mining and quarrying B|**0.64%**|0.35%|0.16%|0.09%|\n|Manufacture of food products C1|**4.47%**|0.08%|3.73%|0.41%|\n|Manufacture of beverages & tobacco C2|**0.07%**|0.02%|0.03%|0.02%|\n|Manufacture of textles, clothing & leather C3|**1.56%**|0.91%|0.01%|0.26%|\n|Manufacture of wood & paper products; printng C4|**1.35%**|0.81%|0.26%|0.20%|\n|Manufacture of petroleum, chemicals, rubber & plastcs C5|**1.45%**|0.58%|0.49%|0.22%|\n|Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products C6|**0.35%**|0.16%|0.13%|0.03%|\n|Manufacture of metal products, machinery and equipment C7|**0.35%**|0.19%|0.07%|0.06%|\n|Furniture & other manufacturing C8|**1.79%**|1.11%|0.32%|0.29%|\n|Electricity D|**1.43%**|0.22%|0.83%|0.36%|\n|Water supply; sewerage, waste management etc E|**1.65%**|0.32%|0.78%|0.17%|\n|Constructon F|**0.40%**|0.18%|0.15%|0.04%|\n|Commercial trade & motor vehicle repairs G|**1.51%**|0.65%|0.54%|0.17%|\n|Transport H|**2.03%**|0.18%|0.77%|0.80%|\n|Accommodaton and food service actvites I|**0.49%**|0.23%|0.05%|0.19%|\n|Informaton and communicaton J|**1.00%**|0.50%|0.20%|0.23%|\n|Financial & insurance actvites K|**1.11%**|0.58%|0.33%|0.13%|\n|Real estate actvites L|**2.00%**|0.20%|1.45%|0.30%|\n|Professional, scientfc and technical actvites M|**0.74%**|0.36%|0.20%|0.09%|\n|Administratve and support service actvites + Travel N|**0.95%**|0.32%|0.38%|0.14%|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Public administration & international O|0.82%|0.78%|0.02%|0.01%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Educaton P|**1.79%**|1.43%|0.07%|0.21%|\n|Human health & social work actvites Q|**1.76%**|0.18%|1.45%|0.12%|\n|Personal service actvites V|**0.22%**|0.05%|0.05%|0.11%|\n|**Total Sectors**|**1.28%**|** 0.47%**|**0.55%**|**0.17%**|\n\n\nMoreover, the aid package had a multiplier ratio of 1.6, i.e. every 1 USD of aid\ngenerated additional revenue of 0.6 USD. Another way to think of this is that for every\n0.8 USD of benefits received by Syrian refugees, an equal amount of benefit (0.8\nUSD) was received by the resident population of Lebanon (including aid program\nemployees) (table 7).\n\n\n**Table 7** Distribution of the multiplier effect by beneficiary type\n\n|Type of beneficiary Syrian refugees|Number of beneficiaries 1.15 million|Accrued benefit (USD) 0.8|\n|---|---|---|\n|Aid program employees|3.9 million|0.2|\n|Residents of Lebanon|Residents of Lebanon|0.6|\n\n\n\nTotal 1.6\n\n###### Sensitivity Analysis\n\n\nTable 5 showed that the UN aid funds, injected in the Lebanese economy during one\nyear, reaching around USD 800 million, had an impact on the GDP growth estimated\nat around +1.3%.\n\n\nIt is important to point out that this result has been calculated based on the baseline\neconomic scenario that assumes that the Syrian crisis had no other impact on the\nLebanese economy.\n\n\nHowever, several exogenous factors to the model have impacted the Lebanese\neconomy. Examples include the Impact on the labor market and the substitution\neffects between similarly skilled Lebanese and Syrian workers. It is expected that the\nthird and final phase of this study consisting of the General Equilibrium Modelwill tackle\nthese issues and estimate the global results.\n\n\nMeanwhile, the SAM model allows for a partial simulation of certain economic effects\nof the Syrian crisis. The following two tables present the results of a sensitivity analysis\nwhich assumes a certain degree of impact by the Syrian crisis on tourism and exports.\n\n\n**Table 8** Sensitivity scenarios: Impact on GDP\n\n\n\nSCENARIO IMPACT ON GDP)\nBaseline scenario Aid impact only +1.28%\nTourism Sector (-23%)\n\n\n\nGeneral Security 2011-2013\n\nExports (-7.5%)\n\n\nMoF 2010-2013\n\n\n\nIncluding Aid impact +0.19%\n\n\n\nIncluding Aid impact +0.79%\n\n\n\n\n\nTourism (-23%) & Exports (-7.5%)\nIncluding Aid impact -0.30%\ncombined\n\nTable 8 presents a comparison of the economic impact of the aid package under\nvarious assumptions:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0f0 When the model assumes no other impacts by the crisis, the result is a\n1.3% growth in GDP, as seen in the previous section.\n\n\n\uf0f0 When the model assumes a drop in tourism income of 23%, the result\nis only an additional growth in GDP of 0.19% due to the aid package.\n\n\n\uf0f0 A 7.5% drop in exports decreases the impact of the aid package from 1.3% to\n0.8%.\n\n\n\uf0f0 Finally, when the combined effect of weakened tourism, decreased exports,\nand the aid package are all taken together, the result is a retraction of GDP growth by\n0.3%. Clearly, without the aid package, the negative effect on the GDP would have\n\nbeen significantly higher than -0.3%.\n\n\n**Table 9** Sensitivity scenarios: Impact on aggregates (billion LBP)\n\n\n\nFD 98,051 -199\nSupply 161,715 -354\nGDP 60,419 -184 92.7% -0.3% -0.3%\nOf which\n14,212 11 -5.3% 0.1% 0.0%\nMargins\n\n\n\n\n\nLabor 21,029 -71 35.6% -0.3% -0.1%\nCapital 34,485 -61 30.5% -0.2% -0.1%\nTariffs 4,905 -53 26.6% -1.1% -0.1%\nImports 37,632 -15 7.3% 0.0% 0.0%\nExports 21,887 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%\nTrade balance -15,745 15 -7.3% -0.1% 0.0%\n\n\nThe above table (table 9) shows a similar impact on the labor, capital, and tariff\ncomponents of the GDP.\n\n\nFrom an analytical perspective, it is important to look at the picture as resulting from\nthree cumulative effects:\n\n\n1. The Syrian crisis effects on exports, tourism, capital inflows, etc.\n\n\n2. The Syrian crisis effects with the impact of the arrival of the Syrian displaced on the\n\ndomestic economy at the level of production, consumption, external trade, and\nincome distribution.\n\n\n3. The Syrian crisis effects with the impact of the arrival of the Syrian displaced and\n\nthe impact of external aid on the relevant aggregates\n\n\nFinally, it is important to reiterate that the multiplier exercise required a number of\nassumptions, namely:\n\n\n- Humanitarian aid is the only source of income for Syrian refugees, i.e. they have\nno other source of funding from work, savings, or debt.\n\n\n- The coefficient of production is constant, thereby preventing any substitution\namong factors of production due to changes in their relative prices. In other words,\nthe shares of capital and labor are maintained constant.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The financing circuit outside of this source of aid is excluded, meaning that no other\nassistance provided by UN and other funding agencies was taken into account.\n\n\nThe above limitations will be addressed by the development of a general equilibrium\nmodel (next phase of the study) that allows a more accurate estimation of the impact\nof international aid on the total output of the Lebanese economy, taking into account\nall the various sources of production and consumption, and the interaction among\nthe various factors of production.\n\n\nIt should be finally stressed that the presented results take only into account the\namounts of aid channeled through four UN agencies. Aid through other UN agencies\nor through other international or foreign channels are considerable and should be\nestimated to obtain a more consistent and realistic picture.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This report was made possible, in part, through a generous contribution by the Government of Japan\n\n\n_Empowered lives,_\n_Resilient nations._\n\n\nUNDP is the UN's global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and\nresources to help people build a better life. We are on the ground in 177 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global\nand national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and our wide range of partners.\n\n\nUnited Nations Development Programme\nArab African International Bank Bldg\nBanks Street, Nejmeh, Beirut 2011 5211 Lebanon\nE-mail: registry@undp.org.lb\nWebsite: lb.undp.org\n\n\nwww.facebook.com/UNDPLebanon\ntwitter.com/undp_lebanon\ninstagram.com/undp_lebanon\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb00ca5a-713b-3d0e-b400-86cd99453ec3/Impact%20of%20Humanitarian%20Aid-UNDP-UNHCR.PDF", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_447/raw/doc_447_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_447/raw/doc_447_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7828dafbfe4e8cb9e9727ff5b294c4137238cde2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_447/raw/doc_447_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Overview**\n\n\n\nIn 2023, UNHCR\u2019s income decreased globally by nearly\n$1 billion despite having to respond to emergencies in\nover two dozen countries and persistent growth in the\nnumber of the forcibly displaced people worldwide.\nAs a result, UNHCR was compelled to make difficult\nbudgeting decisions that negatively impacted the lives\nof many refugees.\n\n\nDespite generous support from many donors, the\nfunding forecast for 2024 indicates that the Office is\nfacing further shortfalls; as of end-April, operations in\nthe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have\nreceived $256.4 million out of $2,341 million required\n(11%).\n\n\nUNHCR has been obliged to **significantly reduce**\n**its planned expenditures** in four countries \u2013 namely\n\n\n\n**[Jordan,](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/jordan)** **[Lebanon, the](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/lebanon)** **[Syrian Arab Republic (Syria),](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/syrian-arab-republic)**\n**[and Yemen \u2013 by $93 million in total so far.](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/yemen)**\n\n\nThe Office is doing its utmost to minimize the impact\nof reductions on those in need. We continue to look\nfor ways to be more efficient globally and advocate\nurgently for more funding.\n\n\nNevertheless, budget cuts will expose the forcibly\ndisplaced and their host communities in the concerned\ncountries to additional vulnerabilities, higher levels of\npoverty, and increased protection risks. Protection space\nis tangibly shrinking, onward movements increasing,\nincluding irregular and dangerous departures by sea,\nall while the underlying geopolitical dynamics in several\nparts of MENA remain unresolved, with far-reaching\neffects on regional peace and stability.\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d76c5c5-c0a7-4935-bf7c-85d5a5e4a429/Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMPACT OF FUNDING CUTS ON\nOPERATIONS IN THE MENA REGION\n\n### **IMPACT OF REDUCTIONS IN COUNTRY OPERATIONS**\n## **LEBANON**\n\n\n\nReductions in institutional support projects\nwill hinder refugees\u2019 access to timely civil\nregistration and legal residency, posing severe\nprotection risks.\n\n\n\n**$27.8 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\n\n\nAs of 8 May, UNHCR Lebanon is **16% funded** against\ntotal 2024 requirements **of $545.2 million**\n\n\n\n115,000 refugee families will lose cash assistance\nfrom the joint UNHCR/WFP cash programme, which is the lifeline for the most severely vulnerable refugee\nfamilies in the country, representing a drop of over 40% from 2023, even as more refugees in Lebanon fall\nbelow the poverty line. UNHCR has already been obliged to discontinue winter cash programmes, further\nexacerbating financial strains during colder months.\n\n\nHealthcare coverage has been reduced and refugees must now cover up to 40% of their hospital bills,\nleading to fewer refugees accessing proper care and the postponement of medical treatments.\n\n\nUNHCR Lebanon\u2019s capacity to restock emergency supplies will be curtailed, impeding its ability to respond\nquickly and effectively to emergent crises.\n\n## **JORDAN**\n\n\n\nAs of April, the number of refugee families\nreceiving UNHCR\u2019s basic needs cash assistance **$28 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\nin urban areas, where 82% of refugees reside, was\ndecreased by nearly one-third, from 30,000 to As of 8 May, UNHCR Jordan is **16% funded** against\n23,500. In addition, beginning in May the amount total 2024 requirements of **$374.8 million**\nof cash assistance will be reduced by 25%.\nTogether, these cuts exacerbate the already dire situation for refugees: a staggering 70% of Syrian refugees\nendure sub-standard living conditions, lacking proper lighting, ventilation, and secure infrastructure. Nearly\nall refugee households are\nburdened with debt, with 89%\nin urban areas resorting to\nnegative coping strategies\nsuch as child begging to\nsurvive.\n\n\n\n**$28 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\n\n\n\nAs of 8 May, UNHCR Jordan is **16% funded** against\ntotal 2024 requirements of **$374.8 million**\n\n\n\nProgrammes to maintain\nand repair shelters in the\ncamps will be drastically\nreduced, impacting the lives\nof refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR will also have to cut\nback protection services,\nincluding to survivors of\ngender-based violence as\nwell as transportation of\nill refugees from camps to\nhospitals outside.\n\n\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d76c5c5-c0a7-4935-bf7c-85d5a5e4a429/Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMPACT OF FUNDING CUTS ON\nOPERATIONS IN THE MENA REGION\n\n\n## **SYRIA**\n\n\n\nSyria is wavering on the edge of a severe\n\n**$19.4 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\n\nhumanitarian crisis driven by armed conflict,\neconomic collapse, disease outbreaks,\n\nAs of 8 May, UNHCR Syria is **10% funded** against total\n\nearthquakes and dwindling public services.\n\n2024 requirements of **$466.6 million**\n\nInadequate funding will result in hundreds of\nthousands of vulnerable people going without\naid, heightening protection risks, undermining social cohesion, and driving more people to leave the country.\nThis will have a detrimental impact on the communities and families who have managed, with modest help\nfrom the international community and, despite the enormous challenges, to remain in the country.\n\n\n\n**$19.4 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\n\n\n\nAs of 8 May, UNHCR Syria is **10% funded** against total\n2024 requirements of **$466.6 million**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has reduced its 2024 budget and activities by 20% despite the increasing humanitarian needs in\nthe country. This has resulted in a reduction of field staff and core activities such as shelter, relief items,\ncash assistance, community support, and livelihood assistance.\n\n\nDue to the budget reduction, over 225,000 people will not receive protection services, nearly 60,000 will\nlack shelter assistance, 130,000 will not receive relief items, over 47,000 will go without cash assistance,\nand about 10,000 will not benefit from livelihood and economic support.\n\n## **YEMEN**\n\n\n\nThe significant protection and displacement\nchallenges in Yemen rank it among the world\u2019s\nworst humanitarian crisis. The situation is\nmarked by civilian casualties, widespread and\nprolonged displacement, and socio-economic\nmarginalization.\n\n\n\n**$18.2 million reduction** for 2024 programming so far\n\nAs of 8 May, UNHCR Yemen is **11% funded** against\ntotal 2024 requirements of **$354.4 million**\n\n\n\nThere are currently 4.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 71,000 refugees and asylum-seekers\nin Yemen. In 2023, climate-related displacement surged to a four-year high, accounting for 76% of the newly\ndisplaced, while the remaining 24% were due to conflict.\n\n\nIn 2024, UNHCR Yemen is reducing its cash assistance programming by 25%, which will affect 20,000\nhouseholds (140,000 individuals) reliant on life-saving multi-purpose cash assistance. In addition, vulnerable\ninternally displaced families, including those in cold mountain areas, will go without winterization support\nlike blankets and winter clothing.\n\n\nDiminished resources will compromise UNHCR\u2019s life-saving protection efforts for 16.4 million people in\nYemen including refugees, asylum-seekers, and IDPs. UNHCR has had to reduce the geographic reach of\ncrucial services such as community-based protection monitoring, psychosocial support, and legal assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\nScaling back UNHCR\u2019s shelter\nprogrammes means some 66,000\nIDPs will continue to live in suboptimal conditions. Livelihood\nsupport, initiatives to support\nspontaneous voluntary return, and\nintegration activities will also be\nimpacted, placing further strain on\nthe socio-economic well-being of\nboth refugees and IDPs in Yemen.\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d76c5c5-c0a7-4935-bf7c-85d5a5e4a429/Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMPACT OF FUNDING CUTS ON\nOPERATIONS IN THE MENA REGION\n\n## **REGIONAL AND GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS**\n\n\n_**Onward movements increase:**_ The region has seen a notable increase in people undertaking onward journeys,\nencompassing individuals fleeing conflict, persecution, poverty, governance issues, or the repercussions\nof climate change. Regardless of the triggers of movement, people face serious protection risks including\nexploitation, abuse and human trafficking as they navigate these routes.\n\n\n[Over the first four months of 2024, more than 40,000 people arrived by sea](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean) in Italy, Greece, Spain, Cyprus\nand Malta **from countries in the MENA region and T\u00fcrkiye** . Funding shortfalls compromise UNHCR\u203as ability\nto provide international protection and find solutions for forcibly displaced people while upholding their rights.\nThis obstructs efforts to create legal pathways for labour mobility and refugee integration into local economies.\nLack of resources also severely limits support for the safe and dignified return to the country of origin for those\nwithout protection or legal migration options. Failing to address these protection challenges is likely to prompt\nmore refugees to attempt perilous onward journeys. Sustainable responses extending beyond protection and\nhumanitarian aid are necessary to improve refugees\u2019 dignity and quality of life.\n\n\n_**Weakened social stability and inclusion:**_ The MENA region contends with persistent economic, political,\nand security challenges along with the pressing needs of IDPs, refugees, and returnees. These vulnerable\ngroups rely on UNHCR\u2019s assistance to enhance their self-reliance and integration into national social\nprotection programmes, which are pivotal in preserving social stability and cohesion within communities.\nHowever, funding cuts will affect how UNHCR supports national systems, potentially overwhelming them and\nexacerbating refugee and host community vulnerabilities. Coexistence between displaced populations and\nhost communities may be further strained with growing anti-refugee rhetoric leading to heightened social\ntensions and instability.\n\n\n_**Shrinking humanitarian space:**_ UNHCR is deeply concerned about the broader societal impact of reductions in\nprogramming, including shrinking civic and humanitarian space. Anti-refugee sentiment has surged in Lebanon,\naccompanied by hate speech, orchestrated attacks, threats and intimidation, and calls for the expulsion of\nSyrians. Misinformation inciting fear and hatred and the potential resurgence of localized hostilities pose\nsignificant destabilization risks for the region and the broader international community.\n\n\n_**Statelessness risk rise:**_ Approximately 90% of forcibly displaced and stateless individuals worldwide are\nhosted by poorer and lower-middle-income countries. There are more than 400,000 stateless people in the\nMENA region, with many more communities affected by or at risk of statelessness. In certain countries, UNHCR\nis the sole agency providing political and humanitarian benefits that states cannot realize alone. Neglecting to\nregister a refugee child\u203as birth can significantly increase the risk of statelessness, with lifelong consequences.\nTimely registration of vital life events such as births, deaths, and marriages is crucial in averting complex\nchallenges and progressing towards durable solutions.\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d76c5c5-c0a7-4935-bf7c-85d5a5e4a429/Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMPACT OF FUNDING CUTS ON\nOPERATIONS IN THE MENA REGION\n\n#### **Financial requirements**\n\n**In 2024, UNHCR has** **[appealed for](https://reporting.unhcr.org/global-appeal-2024/regional-overviews/middle-east-and-north-africa)** **$2.342 billion to provide assistance to some 16 million forcibly**\n**displaced and stateless people across 19 operations in the Middle East and North Africa.**\n\n#### **Donors**\n\nUNHCR is grateful for the support of donors who contributed to its operations in the MENA region with unearmarked and\nearmarked funds, including private donors:\n\n\n[For more details, please contact UNHCR MENA Regional Bureau in Amman, Jordan at: MENAreporting@unhcr.org](mailto:MENAreporting%40unhcr.org?subject=winterization)\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d76c5c5-c0a7-4935-bf7c-85d5a5e4a429/Impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20MENA%20operations_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_448/raw/doc_448_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_448/raw/doc_448_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ffbcbc720c2ae2bc8e40dbd1fc4802b99736dcff..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_448/raw/doc_448_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Impacts of US funding freeze on Shelter and NFI Cluster operations in Sudan**\n\nThe recent freeze on US funding has had an immediate and catastrophic impact on the operations of the\nShelter and NFI Cluster in Sudan, where at least 36% of cluster programs last year depended on US funding.\nCritical cluster staffing and operational capacities have been significantly compromised, notably with the\ncluster co-coordinating agency now unable to provide dedicated co-coordinator support. This disruption has\nled to a drastic reduction in the cluster's response, with only 2% of the 2.2 million people targeted this year\nhaving received assistance.\n\n\nDue to the funding freeze, at least 15 cluster partners reliant on US funding have been forced to reduce or\ncease their shelter and NFI programming, leaving many displaced families without access to adequate shelter\nand essential household items. The sudden termination of projects has led to widespread staff layoffs, salary\nreductions, and organizational restructuring, further weakening the capacity to deliver critical assistance. This\nsituation is particularly challenging in acute context where the cluster response is already severely\nunderfunded, with an estimated 11.6 million people, including children (53%), adults (42%), the elderly (5%),\nand persons with disabilities (15%), in urgent need of shelter and NFI support.\n\n\nThe immediate consequences for these vulnerable communities are severe. The sudden funding gap has\nexposed many families to harsh weather conditions and heightened protection risks, particularly for those\nalready struggling to access adequate shelter support. This has further strained host communities, which\nwere already managing limited resources. Efforts to address the needs of families currently sheltering in\nschools, now facing eviction as classes resume, have also been adversely impacted. With the recent IDP\nreturns to states such as Aj Jazirah, Khartoum, and Sennar, many partners are now grappling with the\nextensive needs, including for those still in the displacement situation, worsening the overall humanitarian\nsituation in these states. Housing in the return areas is heavily damaged, leaving many structures\nuninhabitable and exposing IDP returnee families to ongoing risks. Without comprehensive shelter support,\nthese communities will struggle to rebuild their homes and lives, making it nearly impossible to secure a\nstable future. Moreover, the shortage of NFI supplies, such as blankets, kitchen sets, solar lamps, and other\nessential household items, has further exacerbated the hardships faced by displaced and returnee families,\nleaving them without basic necessities to sustain daily life.\n\n\nIn the long term, the disruption in shelter and NFI operations is set to intensify existing challenges by forcing\nfamilies into overcrowded, substandard living conditions, primarily affecting women and children, thereby\nincreasing the risk of repeated displacement, health hazards, and socio-economic instability. As the rainy\nseason approaches, this funding gap will not only diminish the capacity to deliver emergency lifesaving\nassistance to flood-affected communities but also hinder preparedness efforts and disaster risk reduction\ninitiatives. Moreover, the halt in operations is driving up immediate logistical costs such as penalties for\ncancelled contracts, expenses related to rehiring staff and restarting stalled projects while simultaneously\neroding organizational efficiency and community trust. The prolonged deprivation of NFIs and absence of\nsustainable shelter solutions further risks perpetuating a cycle of dependency on limited emergency aid,\ndeepening vulnerabilities among affected populations, further straining host communities, overstretching\nhumanitarian resources, and delaying recovery.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96a873f5-bbe4-47bd-86ec-fbc126cf1734/Impacts%20of%20US%20funding%20freeze%20on%20Shelter%20and%20NFI%20Cluster%20operations%20in%20Sudan%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_449/raw/doc_449_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_449/raw/doc_449_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 600c972eff31e04aff9eeac075db376781503fe2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_449/raw/doc_449_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,370 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "January to December 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals to Europe between January and December 2018 [1]\n\nBetween January and December 2018, some 30,085 children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom 12,717 (42%) were\nunaccompanied or separated children (UASC) [2] . Arrival of children overall in 2018 dropped by 7% compared to 2017 (32,963).\n\n\n#### Greece\n\nBetween January and\nDecember 2018, 17,123 [3] children\narrived to Greece by land and\nsea, including 2,369 (14%)\nunaccompanied and separated\nchildren [4] . Despite the overall\ndecrease of child arrivals in\nEurope in 2018, the number of\nchildren who arrived in Greece\nincreased by 55% compared to\n2017 (11,032) with the proportion\nof unaccompanied and\nseparated children remaining the\nsame.\n\n\nThe majority of children,\nincluding UASC, arriving to\nGreece were from Afghanistan,\nthe Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq\nand Pakistan.\n\n\n#### Italy\n\nAmong the 4,278 children who\narrived in Italy between January\nand December 2018, 3,536\n(83%) were unaccompanied or\nseparated. While the proportion\nof unaccompanied and separated\nchildren remains comparably\nhigh to previous years, this is a\n78% decrease from the 15,779\nunaccompanied and separated\nchildren who arrived in 2017. This\nis in line with the sharp decrease\nin sea crossings through the\nCentral Mediterranean route\nsince July 2017.\n\n\nMost unaccompanied and\nseparated children originated\nfrom Tunisia, Eritrea [5], Guinea,\nIraq, Pakistan and Sudan.\n\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\nBetween January and December\n2018, 891 children claimed\nasylum on arrival in the country,\na 28% decrease compared to\n2017 (1,145). At the same time, the\nproportion of children arriving\nalone was higher- 52% in 2018 as\ncompared to 38% in 2017.\n\n\nMost children were from\nAfghanistan, Iraq and the Syrian\nArab Republic [6] .\n\n\n#### Spain\n\nBetween January and December\n2018, 7,793 children arrived by\nland and sea. Among those,\n6,331 were unaccompanied\nor separated who had mainly\narrived by sea [7] . This is a two-fold\nincrease compared to 2017, when\na total of 3,880 children arrived.\nMoreover, the proportion of\nunaccompanied and separated\nchildren among these also\nincreased from 63% in 2017 to\n81% in 2018.\n\n\nMost children came from\nMorocco, Guinea, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, Algeria and Mali.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\nDemographic of Arrivals, Including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\n### Greece Italy\n\n\n### Bulgaria\n\n\n\n\n### Spain\n\n\n\nMEN\n\n\n\nMEN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n54%\n\nUASC\n\n\n\n46%\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\nUASC\n\n\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n86%\n\nACCOMPANIED\n\n\n\n83%\n\nUASC\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\nACCOMPANIED UASC\n\n\n\n14,754 2,369\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n742\n\n\n1,462\n\n\n\n3,536\n\n\n6,331\n\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n\n410 481\n\n\n\nNationality of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian\nHelsinki Committee, Spanish Ministry of Interior.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\n\nGender Breakdown of All Children by Country of Arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys among children arriving remains\nhigher than girls. Nearly two-thirds of children who arrived in 2018\nwere boys, although the proportion of boys arriving in Italy [8] and\nSpain remained significantly higher than in Greece and Bulgaria.\n\n\nBOYS\n\n\nGreece 58% 42%\n\n\nItaly 93% 7%\n\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nSpain\n\n\n\n77% 23%\n\n\n89% 11%\n\n\n\nAge Breakdown of Accompanied and Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children by Country of Arrival\n\nAmong the 15,164 accompanied children who arrived in Greece\nand Bulgaria, 40% were 0 to 4 years old, 39% were 5 to 14\nyears old and 22% were 15 to 17 years old. An age breakdown\nfor accompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n#### Reception on Arrival in 2018\n\nGreece\n\n - An estimated 27,000 children were present in Greece as of\n31 December 2018, an increase from 21,000 in December\n2017. Of these, 57% live in urban areas (apartments,\nhotels, shelters for UASC, self-settled, etc.); 29% live in\naccommodation sites or reception centres and 1% live in\nsafe zones for unaccompanied children [9] . A further 13% are\nin Reception and Identification Centres on the islands, a\nsituation comparable to that of December 2017.\n\n - A total of 700 unaccompanied children remained in\nReception and Identification Centres [10] in December 2018,\nwhile 86 were held in detention as a form of protective\ncustody (both almost double compared to December 2017).\n\n - A total of 1,758 children were placed in dedicated\naccommodation for UASC (981 in long-term accommodation\nand another 777 in temporary accommodation). Due\nto an increase in the number of places in temporary\naccommodation, the capacity to host UASC has increased\nby 43% compared to December 2017, when only 1,300 UASC\nwere in long-term or temporary accommodation. Despite\nthe progress, however, as of December 2018 almost half of\nall UASC present in Greece (1,700) remained on the waiting\nlist for accommodation.\n\nItaly\n\n - A total of 10,787 children (93% boys and 7% girls) were\npresent in shelters for UASC run by State authorities\nand non-profit entities at the end of December 2018.\nThis represents a 13% decrease compared to December\n2017, primarily as a result of the overall decrease in sea\narrivals. As of December 2018, close to 5,230 children\nwere considered to have left the system (in June 2018, this\nnumber stood at 4,700).\n\n - There is no information available on children accommodated\nin reception facilities with their families.\n\nBulgaria\n\n - As of December 2018, 213 children, including UASC,\nwere accommodated in reception centres in Sofia and\nsouthern Bulgaria, an almost four-fold increase compared\nto December 2017 (55).\n\n\nSpain\n\n - At the end of 2018, a total of 13,000 unaccompanied and\nseparated children were present in Spain. This represents\na 103% increase compared to December 2017. Most UASC\nare currently hosted in Andalusia, Melilla, Catalonia, the\nBasque Country and Madrid. While they are entitled to\nthe same protection and care as Spanish children, their\nreception conditions may vary significantly from one\nlocation to another due to the decentralized nature of the\nnational child protection system.\n\nSerbia\n\n - A total of 1,140 children (880 boys and 260 girls) were\npresent in Serbia as of December 2018, which is a 63%\nincrease compared to June 2018, but comparable to the\ncaseload in early January 2018.\n\n - 484 of these children were unaccompanied or separated\n(281 boys and 203 girls ) - a six-fold increase compared to\nJune 2018, when only 69 UASC were registered as present\nin the country.\n\n - In 2018 children comprised 46% of the total number of\nrefugees and migrants who have been accommodated in\nthe country.\n\n\n3\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n40% 38% 22%\n\n\n\nBulgaria 34% 47% 19%\n\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Italy, Greece and Bulgaria\nbetween January and December 2018 were boys between 15 and\n17 years old (91% overall).\n\n\nUnaccompanied and Separated children - Age breakdown\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Italian Ministry of Interior\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\n\n\n - 94% of refugee and migrant children were accommodated\nin state reception and accommodation centres. While\nthree new centres and a professionalised guardianship\nsystem for UASC were established in 2018, the reception\nsystem for UASC is still significantly strained, with\nlimited resources for social workers and quality care\narrangements.\n\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina\n\n - As of December 2018, 590 children (339 boys and 251\ngirls), were present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of whom\n271 (46%) were unaccompanied or separated (all boys).\n\n - Despite a significant increase in accommodation capacity\nand the provision of basic services recorded over the\ncourse of 2018, there are still no specific facilities for\nchildren registered as unaccompanied or separated.\nFurther on, restrictions on freedom of movement in\nUna-Sana Canton, where around 90% of refugees and\nmigrants (including children) are accommodated, remain\na major concern as they significantly limit access to\nservices and rights.\n\n\nReception systems still vary greatly in quality and capacity\nacross and within countries. A large proportion of children\nwho are not living in dedicated shelters have either moved\nonwards, live in informal accommodation, or are homeless,\nwith limited access to basic services and greater exposure to\nrisks of violence, smuggling, exploitation and trafficking.\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\n\nIn 2018, European countries [11] recorded some 602,920 new asylum\nseekers. Nearly a third of them (32%) were children (191,360). This\nrepresents an 8% decrease compared to child asylum seekers in\n2017.\n\n\nThis included 20,325 UASC who claimed asylum in Europe- 40%\nless compared to 2017 (32,350).\n\n\nIn 2018, nearly half of all child asylum seekers were from the Syrian\nArab Republic (28%), Iraq (10%) and Afghanistan (9%), with an\nincreased number of child asylum seekers from Eritrea (4%), Turkey\n(4%), Venezuela (3%), Nigeria (3%) and Iran (3%). Another 3% of\nchild asylum seekers were recorded either as stateless or having\nunknown nationality.\n\n\nAmong unaccompanied children seeking asylum, most common\nnationalities were Afghanistan (16%) and Eritrea (10%), followed by\nthe Syrian Arab Republic and Pakistan (7% each), Iraq and Guinea\n(6% each), as well as Somalia (5%).\n\n\nA total of 44% of all child asylum seekers, as well as 14% of those\nunaccompanied or separated, were female.\n\n\nAs in previous years, Germany remained the top destination for\nrefugee and migrant children, registering 43% of all child asylum\napplications in 2018 (78,270 children). Other countries that\nrecorded large numbers of child asylum seekers include France\n(24,145 children, 13%), Greece (21,770 children, 11%), Spain (11,035\nchildren, 6%), the United Kingdom (8,975 children, 4%) and Italy\n(8,535 children 4%). Greece remains the country with the highest\nnumber of first-time applicants relative to the population.\n\n\n\nAsylum Applications Lodged by Children, including\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children between January\nand December 2018 \u2013 by Country of Asylum\n\n\nCHILDREN UASC\n\n\nGermany 78,270 4,085\n\n\n\nIn 2018, a total of 173,135 decisions on child asylum claims were\nissued by national authorities. Yet, due to an accumulated backlog\nin national asylum systems, a total of 225,615 child asylum\napplications were registered as pending at the end of December\n2018.\n\n\nOf all decisions taken in 2018, 56% were positive and 44% negative,\nreflecting a steady decrease in the proportion of positive decisions\ncompared to 2017 and 2016, when 63% and 67% of children\nrespectively received positive asylum decisions.\n\n\nOf those who received positive decisions, a higher percentage of\nchildren were granted refugee status in 2018 (63%) than in 2017\n(50%) and 2016 (53%).\n\n\nThis is particularly visible among Syrian children, for whom refugee\nstatus decisions increased from 49% in 2017 to 62% in 2018, while\nsubsidiary protection decisions dropped from 46% to 27%.\n\n\nMany child asylum applicants received negative decisions,\nnotably among those from North African countries (over 80% on\naverage), as well as children from Iraq, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (46% each)\nand Afghanistan (41%).\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nFrance 24,145\n\n\nGreece 21,770\n\n\nSpain 11,035\n\n\nUnited Kingdom 8,975\n\n\n\n740\n\n\n2,639\n\n\n75\n\n\n2,870\n\n\n\nItaly 8,535 3,885\n\n\n\nAustria 6,325\n\n\nBelgium 5,855\n\n\nSwitzlerland 5,745\n\n\nSweden 5,560\n\n\nthe Netherlands 4,850\n\n\n\n390\n\n\n810\n\n\n435\n\n\n944\n\n\n1,225\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications between\nJanuary and December 2018 [12]\n\n\nDecisions issued for common nationalities arriving to Europe\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|10% 1%|Col2|4%|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Syrian**
**Children**
10%
27%
62%
1%||**Tunisian**
**Children**
4%
85%
4%
7%|**Tunisian**
**Children**
4%
85%
4%
7%|||\n|**Afghan**
**Children**
41%
18%
64%
26%
15%|**Afghan**
**Children**
41%
18%
64%
26%
15%|**Afghan**
**Children**
41%
18%
64%
26%
15%||||\n|**Afghan**
**Children**
41%
18%
64%
26%
15%|64%|64%|**Eritrean**
**Children**
24%
9%
3%|**Eritrean**
**Children**
24%
9%
3%||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nREJECTED ASYLUM APPLICATIONS SUBSIDIARY PROTECTION\n\n\n\nSource: [Eurostat](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/asylum-and-managed-migration/data/database)\n\n\n\nREFUGEE STATUS\n\n#### Refugee and Migrant Children\u2019s Journey to Europe [13]\n\n\nBetween June and October 2018, IOM interviewed [14] 114\nchildren (age 14 \u2013 17) in various locations in Albania, Bosnia and\nHerzegovina, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and the Republic of\nNorth Macedonia, to understand their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, experiences during the journey,\nincluding those that might amount to human trafficking,\nexploitation and abuse. Children interviewed were mainly from\nPakistan (17%), Guinea Conakry (11%), C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (9%), Tunisia\n(9%) and Egypt (6%). 92 per cent were male and 8 per cent female.\nMost interviewed children were travelling unaccompanied.\n\n\nProfiles of interviewed children\n\nOf those who reported being unaccompanied, 76% travelled alone,\n23% with a non-family member and 1% only with a sibling. A third\nof children interviewed (34%) had completed lower-secondary\neducation, 43% had completed primary school, while 18% of\nchildren had not received any formal education. 50% of children\ninterviewed were out of school for at least 2 years and nearly 25%\nwere working prior to departure from their country of origin.\n\n\n\nHUMANITARIAN STATUS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurostat", - "confidence": 0.7954275012016296, - "start": 413, - "end": 414 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5465051531791687, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5956208109855652, - "start": 439, - "end": 440 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Profiles of interviewed children", - "confidence": 0.6442626118659973, - "start": 559, - "end": 563 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.6050500273704529, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\nJourney Experience\n\n\n\n77% of children interviewed left for Europe directly from their\ncountries of origin; while 23% re-emigrated after spending\nmore than a year in a country different than the one of origin\nor habitual residence (mainly Eritrean and Nigerian children\nwho spent over a year in Libya [15] ). The majority of children spent\nover 6 months on the move along the Eastern and Central\nMediterranean routes.\n\n\n21 % of children were reportedly held in a location against their\nwill, and many of them were forced to work or have worked\nduring the journey without receiving expected payment.\n\n\nWhile 44% of children could not estimate the cost of their\njourney to Europe, 14% had paid more than USD 5,000, 13% had\npaid between USD 2,500 and 5,000, and another 13% between\nUSD 1,000 and 2,500.\n\n#### Resettlement\n\n\nIn 2018, some 14,600 refugee children were resettled in Europe.\nThe majority of children were resettled to the United Kingdom and\nFrance (20% each) followed by Sweden (18%), Germany (11%) and\nNorway (10%). The vast majority of children originated from the\nSyrian Arab Republic (78%), Democratic Republic of Congo (6%)\nand Sudan (6%).\n\n\nSource: [Eurostat](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/asylum-and-managed-migration/data/database)\n\n#### Relocation\n\n\nBetween October 2015 and June 2018, a total of 11,094 children\n(585 unaccompanied and separated) were relocated from Greece\nand Italy to EU Member states as part of the EU Emergency\n\n\n\nRelocation scheme. Despite the end of the scheme in April 2018,\nsome unaccompanied children continued to be relocated to the\nUK through Dubs project [16] . Between January and December\n2018, a total of 89 unaccompanied and separated children were\ntransferred to the UK from France (39), Greece (37) and Italy (13) .\n\n#### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\n\nOf all returnees (1,806) from Greece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey\nStatement, since 2016, 88 (5%) were children. All of them were\nreturned with their families.\n\n\nSource: [Return from Greece to Turkey](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/67482)\n\n#### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC [17]\n\n\nBetween January and December 2018, IOM provided AVRR\nsupport to 63,485 migrants globally (12% less than the same period\nin 2017). 18% of migrants availing AVRR support were children, of\nwhich 13% were unaccompanied and separated.\n\n\n54% of AVRR beneficiaries were assisted to return from the\nEuropean Economic Area and Switzerland. Among these, 47%\nwere assisted to return from Germany.\n\n\n25% of beneficiaries assisted to return from the European Economic\nArea and Switzerland were children, among whom 1.8% were\nunaccompanied and separated. 23% of the beneficiaries assisted\nto return from the European Economic Area and Switzerland\nreturned to South East and Eastern Europe, and 12% returned to the\nMiddle East and North Africa.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\nDefinitions:\n\n\n\nA \"separated child\" is a child separated from both parents or\nfrom his/her previous legal or customary primary care-giver,\nbut not necessarily from other relatives. This may, therefore,\nmean that the child is accompanied by other adult family\nmembers.\n\n\nAn \"unaccompanied child\" is a child separated from both\nparents and other relatives and are not being cared for by any\nother adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so.\n\n[[Source]](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/4098b3172/inter-agency-guiding-principles-unaccompanied-separated-children.html)\n\n\nA \"refugee\" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of\nbeing persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is\noutside the country of his nationality and is unable to or, owing\nto such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that\ncountry (Article 1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\nLimitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely\ndisaggregated by nationalities, risk category, gender or age.\n\n\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or\ncurrently residing in, different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by UASC is\nused to provide an indication of trends but does not necessarily\nprovide an accurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs in\n\n\nEndnotes:\n\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements. It reflects\n\nboth sea and land arrivals in Greece and Spain, and only sea arrivals in Italy. Data\nfor Spain is based on the Ministry of Interior statistics and UNHCR estimates.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their\n\nprevious legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other\nrelatives. These may, therefore, include children accompanied by other adult\nfamily members. Unaccompanied children are children who have been separated\nfrom both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who,\nby law or custom, is responsible for doing so. (IASC)\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border\n\nactivities and are provided by Hellenic Coastguard and Hellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 10,538 referrals were made to the Greek\n\n[National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/61484)\nislands and mainland Greece, including near the land border with Turkey in 2017.\n\n5. Data on arrivals and demographic of refugees and migrants registered in Italy is\n\nbased on information received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n6. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees.\n\nObservations on data and trends that isn\u2019t typically compiled by government\ninstitutions are collected by the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee.\n\n7. Estimates provided by UNHCR.\n\n8. For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 10,787 UASC accommodated\n\nin the government shelters according to the Ministry of Labour and not the total\nnumber of UASC who arrived between January and December 2018.\n\n9. Safe Zones are designated supervised spaces within accommodation sites which\n\nprovide UAC with 24/7 emergency protection and care. They should be used for\na maximum of 3 months as short term measures to care for UAC in light of the\ninsufficient number of available shelter places. Safe Zone priority is given to UAC\nin detention as well as other vulnerable children, in line with their best interests.\n\n10. First-line reception and registration centres, where all administrative procedures\n\nconcerning new arrivals take place, apart from so-called vulnerable individuals\nwho are transferred to the mainland for these processes. Unaccompanied\nchildren are considered a vulnerable category and should in principle be\ntransferred to the mainland.\n\n11. European Union Member States + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and\nSwitzerland.\n\n\n\nAn \"asylum seeker\" is a person who has applied for asylum and\nis waiting for a decision as to whether or not they are a refugee.\n\n\nDetermination of refugee status can only be of a declaratory\nnature. Indeed, any person is a refugee within the framework\nof a given instrument if he meets the criteria of the refugee\ndefinition in that instrument, whether he is formally recognized\nas a refugee or not (UNHCR Note on Determination of Refugee\nStatus under International Instruments) [[Source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments.html)\n\n\nA \"migrant\" refers to any person who is moving or has\nmoved across an international border or within a State away\nfrom his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the\nperson\u2019s legal status; (2) whether the movement is voluntary\nor involuntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4)\nwhat the length of the stay is. [[Source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n\nnational asylum systems, onward irregular movements or not\napplying for asylum at all. In addition, due to different definitions\nand national procedures and practices, collecting accurate\ndata on separated children specifically is very challenging (e.g.\nseparated children being registered as either accompanied or\nunaccompanied). It should also be noted that complete data for\nthe period January to December 2018 on children and UASC\nasylum applications for all EU member states was not available\non the Eurostat website at the time when this factsheet was\nreleased.\n\n\n12. Due to backlogs in asylum procedures and the fact that not all refugee and\n\nmigrant children lodge their asylum claim immediately upon arrival, data on\ndecisions issued in 2018 might also include decisions on asylum applications\nlodged by children, who arrived in 2017.\n\n13. These are preliminary findings.\n\n14. More information on the methodology used for these surveys can be found [here](https://displacement.iom.int/content/methodological-framework-used-displacement-tracking-matrix-operations-quantifying)\n\n15. The information on nationality recorded in the survey is based on the nationality\n\ndeclared by respondents.\n\n16. The UK Government committed to transferring approximately 300 vulnerable\n\nunaccompanied and separated children from France, Greece and Italy to the\nUK between 1 October 2017 and 31 March 2019. IOM is responsible for providing\nhealth assessments, pre-departure orientation and movement management.\n\n17. The data provided here is provisional and should therefore be considered as an\n\nestimation.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data on Children", - "confidence": 0.5992820262908936, - "start": 180, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8057526350021362, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8993961215019226, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.5136883854866028, - "start": 341, - "end": 344 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.7339227795600891, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR estimates", - "confidence": 0.5573462843894958, - "start": 346, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6061546206474304, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6646566987037659, - "start": 536, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Observations on data and trends", - "confidence": 0.8033227920532227, - "start": 548, - "end": 553 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.7055787444114685, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on separated children", - "confidence": 0.717523455619812, - "start": 971, - "end": 975 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Eurostat", - "confidence": 0.6426048874855042, - "start": 1026, - "end": 1027 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU member states", - "confidence": 0.8887201547622681, - "start": 1018, - "end": 1021 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6014383435249329, - "start": 1009, - "end": 1010 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5263221263885498, - "start": 1009, - "end": 1010 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated children", - "confidence": 0.6188104748725891, - "start": 973, - "end": 975 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on\ndecisions", - "confidence": 0.5060023069381714, - "start": 1063, - "end": 1066 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU member states", - "confidence": 0.7939391136169434, - "start": 1018, - "end": 1021 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7824490666389465, - "start": 1009, - "end": 1010 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and\n\nmigrant children", - "confidence": 0.8646780848503113, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1055 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2018\n\n\n\nAbout the factsheet\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and\nUASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions,\n\n\nFor further information or any questions concerning this factsheet\n\n\nplease contact:\n\n\n\nprofiling of arrivals, relocations programs between EU Member\nStates, as well as returns from Greece to Turkey under the EUTurkey statement.\n\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2018 and is produced on quarterly basis to provide up-todate information on refugee and migrant children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\nIOM:\n\n\nIvona Zakoska Todorovska\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n\n\nJaved Khan\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\nJointly compiled and produced by:\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n\n\nTsvetomira Bidart\ntbidart@unicef.org\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.8814904093742371, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "child-related data", - "confidence": 0.5115013122558594, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9526581168174744, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "January to December 2018", - "confidence": 0.6332118511199951, - "start": 5, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9786388874053955, - "start": 36, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b5081b6-cf68-35e1-9d4d-47c36bf56e34/Infographic%20Children%20and%20UASC%202018_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_45/raw/doc_45_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_45/raw/doc_45_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ae3009225fc2cb76ac511391bc68fe60fed9d5db..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_45/raw/doc_45_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nAfter ten years of conflict, Yemen remains one of the world\u2019s worst humanitarian crises,\ncharacterised by conflict, climate change, economic collapse, as well as the breakdown of\npublic institutions and services. According to the 2024 Humanitarian Needs Overview, over\nhalf of the population (an estimated 18.2 million individuals) require humanitarian\nassistance, including 4.5 million internally displaced people (IDPs) and over 60,000\nrefugees and asylum-seekers, mostly from Somalia and Ethiopia.\n\nThe administration of the country remains divided between the Internationally Recognised\nGovernment (IRG) in the south, including Aden, and the _de facto_ authorities (DFA) in the\nnorth, including Sana\u2019a. In practice, this means that any humanitarian or protection\nactivities must be coordinated with two separate authorities, depending on where in the\ncountry they are implemented.\n\nWhile there has been a _de facto_ continuation of the April 2022 UN-brokered truce (despite\nofficially expiring in October 2022), the overall security situation remains unstable with\nfrequent low-level violations in front-line areas. In lieu of a longer-term political solution to\nthe ongoing crisis, prospects for a lasting peace remain dim, while regional developments\nin the Middle East and the Red Sea continue to adversely affect the security, economic,\nand political situation in Yemen.\n\nThe ongoing conflict and related breakdown of basic infrastructure and services, as well as\nlimited availability of humanitarian assistance, has left many displaced individuals and\nhouseholds living in substandard conditions. Inadequate water and sanitation facilities\ncontribute to frequent outbreaks of cholera, with resulting malnutrition. Compounding the\nseverity of these needs, Yemen\u2019s economy is in crisis, with over 80% of the population now\nliving below the poverty line. Of the 96,907 IDP and host community households (588,835\nindividuals) assessed to date in 2024, almost 50% reported earning 25,000 Yemeni Rial\n(50 USD) or less per month, with 35% reporting no income at all. This forces some families\nto rely on harmful coping mechanisms, such as skipping meals, taking children out of\nschool to work, begging, and exposing women and children to other forms of exploitation\nand abuse, including early marriage.\n\nFrom February 2024, pre-existing tensions in Yemen\u2019s banking sector escalated, following\na series of decisions by the central banks in Aden and Sana\u2019a that restricted transactions\ninvolving banks headquartered outside of their respective areas of control. In practice, this\nmeant that funds could no longer be transferred between banks in the north and south of\nthe country. Although the banks have since de-escalated the situation, the macroeconomic\nsituation remains extremely challenging, with a shortage of hard currency, obstacles to\ncurrency exchange, and rapid depreciation of the Yemeni Rial. These developments have\nplaced additional strain on displaced households, and impacted the implementation of\nhumanitarian and protection activities, with some activities halted altogether, exacerbating\nexisting protection risks.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Humanitarian access remains a major concern in Yemen. Bureaucratic impediments, along\nwith general insecurity, the threat posed by explosive remnants of war (ERW), and the\narrest and detention of aid workers, continue to hinder the delivery of humanitarian and\nprotection activities. Restrictions on the movements of Yemeni female aid workers present\na particular challenge to the delivery of culturally appropriate outreach and support\nactivities, where the presence of female staff is essential. The pervasive presence of ERW\nand landmines in Hodeidah, Ta\u2019iz, and Ma\u2019rib governorates, makes Yemen one of the most\nheavily mine-contaminated countries in the world. [1]\n\nClimactic changes, environmental degradation, and severe weather events are significant\ndrivers of need and displacement in Yemen, and these continue to worsen in both severity\nand frequency year on year. The 2024 rainy season brought unprecedented flooding to all\ngovernorates, affecting 100,000 families, and severely exacerbating existing shelter,\ninfrastructure, and protection needs. At the same time, Yemen is among the world\u2019s worst\nwater crises. Water scarcity is a growing concern, with steadily declining ground water\nlevels. This has the potential to further aggravate tensions in the country, as competition\nover access to diminishing water supplies increases.\n\n## Key Trends & Figures\n\n\n##### 60,050\n\nregistered asylum-seekers and refugees as of\n31 October 2024, of which 18,494 (31%) are in\nthe north, and 41,556 (69%) are in the south,\nand 9,800 (16%) live in Kharaz, Yemen\u2019s only\nrefugee camp (located in the south).\n##### 4.5 million\n\ninternally displaced people (IDPs), including\napproximately 1.5 million living in dedicated\nsites in the north and south.\n\n\n##### 45%\n\nof assessed refugee and asylum-seeker\nhouseholds have at least one family member\nwith a specific need _(average household size is_\n_two)_ .\n\n##### 91%\n\nof assessed IDP households have at least one\nmember with an identified vulnerability _(average_\n_household size is six)._\n\n\n\n_1_ _UNOCHA (2024). Humanitarian Needs Overview: Yemen 2024_\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and asylum-seekers:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Note** : The currency exchange rate varies between the north and south. In October 2024,\nthe exchange rate was approximately 530 Yemeni Rial to 1 USD in the north, and\napproximately 2000 Yemeni Rial to 1 USD in the south.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific needs identified among the refugee and asylum-seeker population by household**\n\n\n\n**13%**\nChild at Risk\n\n\n**14%**\nWomen at risk\n\n\n\n**16%**\n\nDisability\n\n\n**21%**\nSerious medical condition\n\n\n\n**11%**\nOlder person at risks\n\n\n**24%**\nSingle parent\n\n\n\n**Internally displaced people (IDPs):**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|IDP age and gender distribution
+60 Years
18-59 Years
5-17 Years
0-4 Years
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%
Male Female|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|
34.9%
49.9%
11.9%
2.9%
0.4%
No income
Less than USD 50
More than USD 50 and less than USD 100
More than USD 100 and less than USD 200
More than USD 200
% of IDP households
**Average monthly IDP household income**|
34.9%
49.9%
11.9%
2.9%
0.4%
No income
Less than USD 50
More than USD 50 and less than USD 100
More than USD 100 and less than USD 200
More than USD 200
% of IDP households
**Average monthly IDP household income**|\n\n\n\n**Civil documentation**\n\n###### **54 % 71 % 42 %**\n\n\n\n% of assessed IDP\n\nhouseholds with at\n\nleast one child not\n\nregistered with a\n\nbirth certificate\n\n\n\n% of assessed IDP\n\nhouseholds with at\n\nleast one member\n\nwithout a national\n\nidentity card\n\n\n\n% of children who\n\nlack birth\ncertificates\n\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Vulnerabilities identified among the IDP population by household**\n\n\n\n**67%**\nChronic medical condition\n\n\n**29%**\nIndividuals in need of legal\nassistance (including legal\nadvice, mediation and dispute\nresolution services, legal\nrepresentation, and detention\nmonitoring).\n\n\n**21%**\nFemale head of household\n\n\n\n**45%**\nPregnant or lactating\nwomen\n\n\n**28%**\nChildren not attending\nschools\n\n\n**20%**\nSerious medical condition\n\n\n\n**42%**\nPersons in need of\npsychosocial support\n\n\n**24%**\nPersons with disabilities\n\n\n**17%**\nChildren supporting their\nfamilies\n\n\n\n_Ali, Amer, Ismail, and Saleh, Somali refugees, stand with their new back-to-school kits in Aden. Refugee_\n_children attend school together with the host community. \u00a9UNHCR/Gregory Doane_\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Protection risks\n\n**Protection Risk I \u2013 Risks relating to internal displacement**\n\n**Internal displacement** continues to affect millions of people across Yemen, in the north\nand south, with entire communities having been forced to flee multiple times due to conflict,\nclimate related disasters, and deteriorating socio-economic conditions. The complex\npolitical, security, and economic situation in the country creates significant protection risks\nfor displaced populations and host communities. IDPs face particular challenges, as\ncompared to non-displaced communities, in accessing basic services, including civil and\nidentity documentation, and frequently experience social and economic marginalisation,\nwith some families resorting to harmful coping mechanisms as a result. Of the\napproximately 4.5 million internally displaced people, around 80% are women and children,\nwith around one quarter (26%) of households headed by women.\n\nInternally displaced people remain heavily dependent on humanitarian aid, particularly the\nmost vulnerable, such as women at risk, children, older people, people with disabilities,\nand people with other specific needs. UNHCR found that, of the IDP households assessed\nto-date in 2024, 91% had at least one member with a vulnerability. Individuals with specific\nneeds are often at risk of social marginalisation and isolation due to the social and\neconomic context in Yemen and can find it particularly challenging to support themselves\nwithout humanitarian assistance.\n\nMany IDPs experience barriers to accessing basic rights and services, including\nhealthcare, education, employment, and freedom of movement, because they do not have\nbasic civil or identity documents. According to UNHCR, in 2024, 42% of displaced children\ndo not have birth certificates, and 71% of displaced households reported that at least one\nfamily member does not have an identification document.\n\nDisplaced populations are often more seriously affected by the lack of civil documentation,\nparticularly those who have been displaced multiple times. They can face significant\nchallenges in retaining, replacing, or obtaining new documents. This is due to various\nfactors, such as loss of documents during initial displacement, difficulty in retaining\ndocuments in substandard living conditions, and challenges in accessing essential services\nwhile living in remote and hard to reach areas.\n\nProof of address is often a requirement to issue new civil or identity documentation, and\nindividuals living in displacement may struggle to clearly establish their place of residence,\nespecially when they are living in an informal IDP site. Particularly vulnerable individuals,\nincluding people with disabilities or people facing movement restrictions, may face added\nchallenges. Obtaining civil documents, including national identity cards, is an important\nstep to ensure the prevention of statelessness amongst these at-risk populations, and also\nto safeguarding their housing, land and property (HLP) rights.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The deteriorating economic situation in the country, including rapid inflation and\ndevaluation of the Yemeni Rial, along with limited livelihoods opportunities, has contributed\nto an increase in forced evictions. Many families find it increasingly difficult to pay their rent,\nwhich leaves them vulnerable to eviction, along with a wide variety of other serious\nprotection risks. The majority of IDPs live in host communities, with around 1.5 million IDPs\nliving in over 2,300 designated IDP sites. These sites are often in rural areas, and are\nfrequently unsafe and overcrowded, with only limited access to basic services and\ninfrastructure.\n\n\nMembers of the Muhamasheen ethnic community are particularly vulnerable due to their\nhistoric marginalisation. The Muhamasheen often live separately from the majority\npopulation, and frequently experience discrimination when seeking to access basic public\nservices or engage in employment and/or livelihoods activities, which is further aggravated\nby conditions of displacement.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInternally displaced children often face obstacles in accessing education. Many are forced\nto abandon their studies to support their families or can find it challenging to access schools\ndue to a shortage of school places in displacement sites.\n\nA significant number of internally displaced households report adopting harmful coping\nmechanisms. UNHCR found that, in 2024, 77% of IDP households resort to borrowing\nmoney to purchase basic goods. Reliance on debt places internally displace households in\na vulnerable position and reduces their economic independence. Additionally, 70% of\nhouseholds reported reducing the size of meal portions, indicating a widespread\ncompromise of their nutritional intake. These coping strategies expose internally displaced\nfamilies to further protection risks and perpetuate a cycle of poverty that limits their ability\nto work and improve their living conditions.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Risk II \u2013 Risks for refugees and asylum-seekers**\n\n**Refugees and asylum-seekers:** Yemen acceded to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its\n1967 Protocol in 1980, and remains the only state in the Arabian Peninsula to have done\nso. Yemen is also a party to many international human rights and humanitarian law\ninstruments. Although a party to the 1951 Convention, the ability of Yemen to fulfil its\ninternational obligations has been negatively affected by protracted crises, and the lack of\na national legislative framework on refugee protection.\n\nDespite its domestic challenges and large-scale internal displacement, Yemen hosts over\n60,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, with the majority originated from Somalia and\nEthiopia. Asylum-seekers and refugees are at particular risk of social and economic\nmarginalisation, with many struggling to access meaningful employment and livelihoods\nopportunities, and some living in acute poverty as a result. This is particularly true of\nindividuals and households at heightened risk, who are often heavily reliant on\nhumanitarian assistance to meet their basic needs.\n\nThe registration and protection regime in the country is complicated by the practical division\nin administrative responsibilities between the north and south, with a different agency\nresponsible for the registration and documentation of refugees and asylum-seekers in each\nlocation. Since 1991, the IRG has been granting _prima facie_ refugee status to Somali\nnationals in the IRG-controlled areas, while other nationalities, including Ethiopians, are\nregistered and documented by UNHCR as asylum-seekers. Since 2023, the authorities in\nDFA-controlled areas have resumed the registration of new asylum-seekers. Prior to this,\nthe registration of new asylum-seekers was largely suspended since 2016, following the\noutbreak of the civil conflict, save for a period between November 2018 and September\n2019. As a result, a significant number of asylum-seekers and refugees were unable to\naccess registration or documentation in DFA-controlled areas. Without documentation,\nrefugees and asylum-seekers may struggle to regularise their presence, establish their\nidentity, move freely, or access basic public services in the country. There continues to be\na considerable backlog of refugees and asylum-seekers waiting for their documents to be\nissued or renewed.\n\nGiven the present situation in Yemen, refugee and asylum-seeker households are\nparticularly vulnerable to the effects of the deteriorating economic situation, with many\nstruggling to find employment or other meaningful routes to economic self-reliance. Work\npermits can be obtained by foreign nationals, including refugees and asylum-seekers, but\nthe associated fees often make this unaffordable to those most in need of employment.\nThis, combined with the very high rates of unemployment in the country, means that steady\nand legal employment is practically inaccessible to many within this community.\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers at heightened risk, including women at risk, children, older\npeople, and people with disabilities, are often unable to participate in socio-economic\nactivities, and so are disproportionately affected by the current deteriorating economic\nsituation. In 2024, 76% of assessed refugee and asylum-seeker households had at least\none member with a specific need. This puts them at particular risk of abuse or exploitation,\nwith some adopting coping strategies that ultimately put them at risk of more serious harm.\n\nIn some cases, families may have to choose between meeting their basic needs or, for\nexample, continuing to support their children in education. UNHCR has observed\nincreasing numbers of early school dropout, with children at risk of exploitation, abuse, or\nneglect, as a result. In 2024, 50% of refugee households reported resorting to borrowing\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "money to purchase basic goods, while 49% of refugee households reported reducing the\nsize of meal portions. In line with these findings, since the beginning of 2024, UNHCR has\nobserved an increase in requests for humanitarian assistance.\n\nFor many of the most vulnerable refugees, third country resettlement remains a key durable\nsolution and protection tool. Nevertheless, Yemen has only a relatively small number of\nthird-country resettlement places in 2024. As a result, only a small number of cases can be\nsubmitted for resettlement, and then only on urgent or emergency medical or protection\ngrounds.\n\n**Protection Risk III \u2013 Risks in the context of mixed movement**\n\n**Mixed movements:** Yemen continues to be a key transit country for people on the move,\nwith considerable numbers undertaking dangerous journeys from the East and Horn of\nAfrica to Yemen, with many ultimately intending to travel onward to the Kingdom of Saudi\nArabia (KSA) or the Sultanate of Oman (Oman). Those arriving in Yemen in this way have\ndiverse profiles, including individuals in need of international protection, and those affected\nby the conflict in Ethiopia, [2] travelling with or alongside individuals seeking improved\neconomic opportunities or intending to reunify with family members elsewhere in the region.\nMany of those on the move have specific needs, including survivors of trafficking, survivors\nof violence, and people with disabilities or serious medical needs. Arrivals on the Yemen\ncoast also include a high proportion of unaccompanied or separated children.\n\nSmuggling or trafficking networks are often used to reach the Yemeni coast, as well as to\nmove onwards within Yemen. Since the beginning of 2024, 11 shipwrecks have been\nreported, with at least 678 people drowned or missing at sea. Individuals travelling along\nthese routes are at heightened risk of abuse and/or exploitation, often by the smugglers or\ntraffickers themselves, and widespread gender-based violence and torture for ransom have\nalso been reported. [3] High numbers of deaths and injuries have also been reported as\npeople have sought to move on from Yemen and cross to Saudia Arabia. [4]\n\nThe DFA authorities in the north continue to detain and forcibly transfer large numbers of\nforeign nationals to the south. Although this is purportedly done as a public security and\nimmigration-control measure, the basis on which particular individuals are detained and\nexpelled is not always clear. While UNHCR is able to obtain some information in respect\nof these detentions, including the number of people involved, UNHCR has only limited\naccess to detention centres in the north. Those in detention are usually unable to contact\nfamily or have access to legal representation. As a result, no effective screening can be\nconducted to identify persons in need of international protection, individuals with specific\nneeds, or family members at risk of separation.\n\n\n2 UNHCR Position on Returns to Ethiopia, March 2022:\n[https://www.refworld.org/policy/countrypos/unhcr/2022/en/124066.](https://www.refworld.org/policy/countrypos/unhcr/2022/en/124066)\n3 Ravenstone Consult _Captive Commodities: Commodification, exploitation and missingness of Ethiopian irregular_\n\n_migrants on the Eastern Route to Yemen and Saudi Arabia_, March 2023: [https://mixedmigration.org/wp-](https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Captive-Commodities-Ethiopians-on-Eastern-migration-route.pdf)\n[content/uploads/2023/03/Captive-Commodities-Ethiopians-on-Eastern-migration-route.pdf.](https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Captive-Commodities-Ethiopians-on-Eastern-migration-route.pdf)\n4 Human Rights Watch \u2018Saudi Arabia: Mass Killings of Migrants at Yemen Border\u2019, 21 August 2023:\n\n[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/21/saudi-arabia-mass-killings-migrants-yemen-border;](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/21/saudi-arabia-mass-killings-migrants-yemen-border) Mixed Migration\n[Centre \u2018Saudi Border Killings Continue\u2019, 5 June 2024: https://mixedmigration.org/saudi-border-killings-continue/.](https://mixedmigration.org/saudi-border-killings-continue/)\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Challenges & Opportunities\n\nThe arrest and detention of United Nations and NGO staff in the north of the country has\nserved to further reduce the operational environment and inhibit humanitarian activities, as\nthe United Nations has minimized the exposure of staff to risk, and prioritized lifesaving\nand life sustaining activities.\n\nThe resumption of registration of new asylum-seekers in DFA-controlled areas since 2023\nhas the potential to significantly improve the protection environment for refugees and\nasylum-seekers in the north, who now have access to registration and documentation.\nDiscussions are continuing between UNHCR and the IRG and DFA authorities,\nrespectively, to nationalise further elements of the refugee and asylum-seeker registration\nprocess. This has the potential to ensure more consistent and sustainable service provision\nin the future.\n\nUNHCR continues to build on its strong working relationship with the civil registration\nauthorities in the north and south to support improved access to civil registration and\ndocumentation for internally displaced people, including access to birth registration and\ncertificates. Access to civil status documentation supports a series of key protection\noutcomes, including access to basic services, support for school enrolment, establishing\nfamily links, providing proof of identity, and preventing statelessness.\n\nFor Somali nationals seeking voluntary return to Somalia, UNHCR continues to support the\nAssisted Spontaneous Return (ASR) programme. This programme provides free transport\nfor individuals seeking to return to Somalia, with a reinstallation grant and further\nsubsistence allowance upon their return to support their reintegration in the country. The\nreturn is organized by UNHCR through boat movements from Aden to Berbera in\nSomaliland, with further onward movements to central and southern Somalia. Since the\nbeginning of the ASR programme in 2017, UNHCR in Yemen has assisted some 7,840\nrefugees from Somalia to return. In 2024, over 1,700 Somali refugees with an intention to\nreturn received counselling from UNHCR.\n\nTo enhance national ownership, UNHCR continues working with the IRG and DFA\nauthorities, other UN and humanitarian agencies, donors, civil society international and\nnational organizations, community and women-led organisations, as well as the internally\ndisplaced people, refugees and asylum-seekers, and the host community to enhance the\nprotection and assistance of forcibly displaced persons.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Calls to Action\n\n**Improved environment for humanitarian operations** : Delivering aid to those most in\nneed across Yemen remains an international humanitarian imperative and requires an\noperating environment which assures the safety and security of aid workers. The release\nof arbitrarily detained staff should be immediate and unconditional. All detained\nhumanitarian staff must be treated in accordance with international humanitarian law and\nhuman rights law.\n\n**The protection of humanitarian space:** Yemen is among the least permissive operational\nenvironments globally. UNHCR and other humanitarian partners face ongoing restrictions\nand challenges that impede the delivery of critical lifesaving interventions, and limit access\nto vulnerable forcibly displaced people, including women and girls. Donors have a vital\nadvocacy role to play in supporting the humanitarian community in advocacy efforts for\nstrengthened humanitarian space.\n\n**Adoption of a national legal framework for the protection of refugees** : Yemen has not\nyet adopted a national legal regime for the protection of refugees. The development and\nadoption of such a framework would be an important step toward improving the protection\nof refugees and asylum-seekers in the country. UNHCR stands ready to provide technical\nsupport to the authorities at all stages in the development and adoption of such a\nframework.\n\n**Working towards durable solutions for IDPs:** Durable solutions for internally displaced\npeople are a priority. Given the ongoing conflict, humanitarian interventions have until\nrecently remained focused on the emergency response, while efforts in pursuit of durable\nsolutions need to be further strengthened. With the right levels of donor support, there can\nbe scope to use humanitarian assistance strategically to support longer term development\ngoals, including return and local integration for internally displaced people, while continuing\nto address immediate humanitarian needs.\n\nIn order to support improved access to durable solutions for the internally displaced, the\nnational 2013 IDP Policy should be strengthened, with the development of a supporting\naction plan to guide its implementation, and support to build the capacity of local and\nnational authorities, alongside civil society and community organisations. UNHCR stands\nready to provide technical support to the authorities, civil society, and local community\norganisations at all stages in the development of such an action plan.\n\n**Improved access to solutions for the most vulnerable refugees:** There continues to be\nan urgent need for a dedicated and predictable resettlement quota for Yemen to address\nthe most compelling needs among the refugee population. UNHCR calls upon donor and\nresettlement countries to support the most vulnerable refugees by providing a dedicated\nresettlement quota. In light of the complex political and security context in Yemen, this may\nrequire resettlement countries to utilise flexible resettlement processing modalities, and\nUNHCR Yemen stands ready to support this process.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Strengthened response to mixed movements:** There is an urgent need to strengthen\nthe response to mixed movements, including in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, through\nimproved search and rescue at sea, increased humanitarian access, including for the safe\nidentification and referral to appropriate registration and asylum procedures of those with\ninternational protection needs, measures to enhance protection from the high levels of\nexploitation and abuse for those on the move, and increased solutions for those in need of\ninternational protection. International support in the form of funding and resettlement places\nis critically needed.\n\n**Re-enforcing the centrality of protection** : Yemen continues to face a protection crisis\ncharacterized by civilian casualties, protracted large-scale displacement, marginalisation,\ndiscriminatory legal and social norms, and the consequences of extreme poverty, all of\nwhich have a profound effect on displaced people across the country. Protection remains\ncentral to the humanitarian response in Yemen. UNHCR leads the Protection Cluster and\nis the mandated agency for the protection and identification of solutions of refugees. In this\ncapacity, it drives the development of protection and solutions strategies and initiatives at\nthe inter-agency level, and works to ensure that protection and solutions are integrated\nacross all sectors of the humanitarian response in the country, including at the\nHumanitarian Country Team level. UNHCR calls upon all humanitarian actors, donors, and\ncivil society organisations working to support forcibly displaced persons in Yemen, to work\nin support of the centrality of protection, ensuring that protection is fully integrated in all\nelements of their humanitarian and development work.\n\n\nUNHCR / 4 December, 2024 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a640afb-0eec-4bff-9e10-158ac15c6e45/2024%20UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20%28Yemen%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_450/raw/doc_450_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_450/raw/doc_450_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4f686c9aff486edc5e25dc58a31800e675babc09..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_450/raw/doc_450_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_**\u201cPrimera \u00e9poca. Nuestros ancestros m\u00e1s de cientos de a\u00f1os no**_\n_**hab\u00eda colonos ni prohibiciones. Aquellos Jiw hac\u00edan cantos**_\n_**tradicionalmente, danzas, cultura propia; mariscan, barbasquie-**_\n_**ban, pescan de noche o de d\u00eda y tambi\u00e9n constru\u00edan monta\u00f1as,**_\n_**navegaban el R\u00edo, buscan alimentos naturales. Si est\u00e1 la familia**_\n_**Jiw tranquilos.**_\n_**La siguiente \u00e9poca, el a\u00f1o 1918, los colonos llegaban,**_\n_**son tigreros, caimaneros, cachireros, perros de agua y pescadores.**_\n_**Despu\u00e9s necesitan los Jiw cacique o capit\u00e1n, se cambian por una**_\n_**grabadora, escopetas, libra caf\u00e9, licor, docena cigarrillo y kilos de**_\n_**sal. Nos hicieron grandes enga\u00f1os. Jiw no sab\u00edan, los colonos para**_\n_**vivir dentro territorio o resguardo Jiw y tambi\u00e9n colonos piden**_\n_**arriendo 3 \u00f3 5 a\u00f1os para sembrar los cultivos il\u00edcitos, derribaban 1**_\n_**a 10 hect\u00e1reas se lo acaban monta\u00f1as, materiales o medicina**_\n_**tradicionales Jiw, faunas, floras y tambi\u00e9n se contaminan r\u00edos,**_\n_**ca\u00f1o, lagunas y peces.**_\n_**La \u00e9poca 1997 nos salen orden p\u00fablico, prohibiciones al**_\n_**pueblo Jiw, capitanes, profesores promotores o l\u00edderes. En 2007**_\n_**comienzan a enterrar las minas anti persona dentro resguardo del**_\n_**pueblo Jiw. Despu\u00e9s en Barranco Ceiba [resguardo] se cay\u00f3 una**_\n_**se\u00f1ora con la ni\u00f1a de 8 meses y se\u00f1or por mina anti persona. Esto**_\n_**fue en 2008 cuando hubo unos muertos, despu\u00e9s el pueblo Jiw sali\u00f3**_\n_**en desplazamiento y por enfrentamiento de orden p\u00fablico; por**_\n_**miedo se desplazaron al asentamiento en Ca\u00f1o Jab\u00f3n - Puerto**_\n_**Alvira. El pueblo Jiw abandon\u00f3 el territorio en resguardo Barranco**_\n_**Ceiba, Laguna Arawato II y Laguna Barajas del pueblo Jiw\u201d**_ _._\n\n\nRelato de Franklyn Gonz\u00e1lez, Capit\u00e1n resguardo Barranco\nCeiba, San Jos\u00e9 del Guavirae. Pueblo ind\u00edgena jiw.\n\n\n\n**2012**\n## Situaci\u00f3n Colombia\n# IND\u00cdGENAS\n\n\n_Bellavista, Choc\u00f3. ACNUR trabaja con los Wounaan creando y fortaleciendo_\n_mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n al desplazamiento forzado y apoya el_\n_Comit\u00e9 T\u00e9cnico de Pueblo Wounaan para la formulaci\u00f3n del plan salvaguardia._\n\n\n### |Contexto| Datos y cifras:\n\n\n\nLa violencia generada por el conflicto armado interno en Colombia y\nsu desborde a los pa\u00edses lim\u00edtrofes, en particular en las regiones\nfronterizas, afecta directamente y de manera desproporcionada la\nvida de los pueblos y nacionalidades ind\u00edgenas en los pa\u00edses\ncomprendidos dentro de la \u201cSituaci\u00f3n Colombia\u201d.\nEsta grave situaci\u00f3n humanitaria ha generado\ndesplazamiento, marginalizaci\u00f3n extrema y la degradaci\u00f3n del\nmedio ambiente en los territorios ind\u00edgenas. Factores como los\ncultivos de uso il\u00edcito y la implementaci\u00f3n de mega proyectos,\ndesarrollados sin atender adecuadamente los leg\u00edtimos intereses\ncolectivos de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas, constituyen problemas\nvigentes para su supervivencia.\nEl ACNUR, como acompa\u00f1ante del proceso organizativo de\nestos pueblos y a solicitud de los mismos, ha buscado el\nfortalecimiento de sus autoridades y organizaciones ind\u00edgenas para\ngenerar propuestas y soluciones desde las comunidades y fortalecer\nestrategias de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n. Esto a partir del\nreconocimiento de su autonom\u00eda, el fortalecimiento de los espacios\nde consulta previa con el gobierno nacional, la apertura del espacio\nhumanitario, la presencia continua en su territorio, y el trabajo\narticulado con la distintas agencias e instituciones.\n\n\n\n\n_-_ Los ind\u00edgenas en Colombia representan el 2,74% del total de la\npoblaci\u00f3n colombiana y el 3,4% de los casi 3.900.000 desplazados\ninternos.\n\n\n_-_ Desde 1997 hasta 2011 se han desplazado un total de 106.562 y\ns\u00f3lo en el 2011 se desplazaron 4.080 ind\u00edgenas en Colombia.\n\n\n_-_ Ecuador es el pa\u00eds con mayor poblaci\u00f3n de refugiados de Am\u00e9rica\nLatina. Acoge 55.092 personas con el estatus de refugiado entre\nlos cuales se encuentran ind\u00edgenas colombianos que huyen del\nconflicto interno.\n\n- -Con alrededor de 300.000 personas, los Way\u00fau forman el grupo\nind\u00edgena m\u00e1s grande en Venezuela. Los Bar\u00ed y los Yukpa tienen\n3.500 y 1.000 miembros, respectivamente.\n\n- _-_ Seg\u00fan la ONIC (Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia)\nexisten 102 pueblos ind\u00edgenas en riesgo de desaparecer. 32\npueblos generan especial preocupaci\u00f3n pues cuentan con menos\nde 500 personas.\n\n- -La Corte Constitucional colombiana en los Autos 004 de 2009 y\n382 de 2010 declar\u00f3 que existen 35 pueblos ind\u00edgenas en riesgo\nde extinci\u00f3n f\u00edsica y cultural.\n\n- **-** Los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Colombia fueron v\u00edctimas de alrededor\nde 70 homicidios hasta el mes de septiembre de 2011 [1] .\n\n- -En Panam\u00e1, los Kunas, Ngobe Bugle, Ember\u00e1, Wounaan, y Naso\nocupan aproximadamente el 20% del territorio paname\u00f1o.\n\n\n\n_1 Cifra reportada por la Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia y El Observatorio de DDHH y DIH de la Vicepresidencia de la Rep\u00fablica._\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 1 Situaci\u00f3n Colombia\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67b79023-9b84-3ab1-a461-3f67e2a20f33/Informe%20Completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2012**\n#### |Intervenci\u00f3n del ACNUR |\n\n\nEl objetivo general del ACNUR es fortalecer la capacidad de los Estados, de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y de sus autoridades, en la construcci\u00f3n\nconsultada y participativa de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas que garanticen los derechos individuales y colectivos de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, con el fin de que\n\u00e9stos puedan habitar sus territorios, ejercer su autonom\u00eda, fortalecer sus pr\u00e1cticas culturales y sus estructuras comunitarias, como mecanismos de\nprevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n frente al desplazamiento forzado y, en caso de desplazamiento transfronterizo, en el proceso de solicitud de la condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado y durante el asilo.\n\n\nOBJETIVOS ESPEC\u00cdFICOS:\n\n\n - Facilitar el entendimiento y los **procesos de consulta previa** entre las autoridades, organizaciones ind\u00edgenas y Estado, as\u00ed como los\n**mecanismos participativos** y de concertaci\u00f3n para la prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n integral al desplazamiento forzado ind\u00edgena.\n\n\n - Contribuir al **fortalecimiento de las autoridades tradicionales y pol\u00edticas de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas** y al ejercicio efectivo de sus derechos\nindividuales y colectivos (autonom\u00eda, territorio y cultura).\n\n\n - Fortalecer las autoridades y organizaciones ind\u00edgenas en el caso de los **pueblos binacionales,** para generar propuestas concretas de\nprevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n en comunidades \u201cespejo\u201d (comunidades del mismo pueblo en los dos lados de la frontera) y en el\nproceso de solicitud de asilo.\n\n\n - Fomentar el conocimiento, la **visibilizaci\u00f3n**, **la sistematizaci\u00f3n y el an\u00e1lisis del desplazamiento forzado** en Colombia con un enfoque\ndiferencial ind\u00edgena, que fortalezca su autonom\u00eda y su participaci\u00f3n en los procesos de valoraci\u00f3n del impacto del conflicto armado, el\ndesplazamiento forzado y el monitoreo de la crisis humanitaria en sus territorios.\n\n\n - **Fortalecer los mecanismos nacionales de protecci\u00f3n** de los pueblos y comunidades ind\u00edgenas desplazadas y en riesgo de desplazamiento,\ny la respuesta institucional con un enfoque diferencial de protecci\u00f3n de derechos colectivos y de riesgos diferenciales de g\u00e9nero, edad y\ndiversidad (mujeres, j\u00f3venes, ni\u00f1os, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad).\n\n\n - Generar un marco estrat\u00e9gico para la **coordinaci\u00f3n de la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en territorios** ind\u00edgenas, con la participaci\u00f3n de las\nautoridades, organizaciones ind\u00edgenas, y la poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena desplazada y en riesgo de desplazamiento.\n\n\n - Fomentar el proceso de registro de los refugiados ante las autoridades, a trav\u00e9s de capacitaciones sobre sus derechos y los\nprocedimientos para solicitar protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nEn Colombia viven al menos 87 pueblos ind\u00edgenas distribuidos en\n700 resguardos ubicados en 27 departamentos del pa\u00eds. Algunos de\nellos habitan en localidades muy remotas y con menos de 100\nmiembros, como los taiwano, originarios del sur del departamento\ndel Vaup\u00e9s, quienes viven en los r\u00edos Paca, Tiqui\u00e9 y Cananar\u00ed.\nA causa del conflicto armado interno cada vez es m\u00e1s\nfrecuente el movimiento de ind\u00edgenas hacia las cabeceras\nmunicipales y hacia las grandes ciudades colombianas, con pocas\nposibilidades de retorno voluntario sostenible. En otros casos, varios\npueblos se han visto obligados a concentrarse en un reducido\nespacio de tierra para sobrevivir, lo que ha puesto en riesgo su\ncultura propia y ha generado conflicto con otras comunidades\nlocales.\nEl inter\u00e9s de los grupos armados ilegales por el control\nterritorial gener\u00f3 durante el 2011 un nivel de riesgo elevado para\nquienes, al interior de sus comunidades y organizaciones, ocupan\ncargos directivos y de toma de decisiones. En el a\u00f1o 2011, un total\nde 18 l\u00edderes comunitarios fueron asesinados, en comparaci\u00f3n con\nlos 7 que lo hab\u00edan sido durante el 2010 [2] .\nLos pueblos m\u00e1s afectados por homicidios en el 2011 y a\nprincipios de 2012 han sido los zen\u00faes que reportan un total de 13\ndirigentes asesinados en el departamento de Antioquia, y los\nemberas, con 6 l\u00edderes asesinados en este mismo departamento y\notros 3 en el Choc\u00f3. Los aw\u00e1, entre 2009 y 2011, han perdido a 80\nde sus miembros [3] .\n\n_2 Observatorio de DDHH. Vicepresidencia de Colombia._\n_3 http://verdadabierta.com/component/content/article/50-rearmados_\n_/3735-narino-convulsiona/_\n\n\n\nEl impacto de la violencia sobre los pueblos ind\u00edgenas est\u00e1\ndirectamente relacionado con los intereses econ\u00f3micos que hay\nsobre sus territorios, tanto por la presencia de minas de oro, plata,\ncarb\u00f3n, ferron\u00edquel, como por los cultivos de palma africana y la\nproducci\u00f3n de biocombustibles.\nEn zonas como el departamento del Choc\u00f3, los pueblos\nembera y wounaan, en Guaviare y Meta los miembros del pueblo\njiw, y en Arauca los hitnus y makaguanes han vivido entre los meses\nde mayo y septiembre de 2011 situaciones permanentes de\nconfinamiento, accidentes con minas antipersona y municiones sin\nexplotar, resultado del control territorial que los actores armados\nilegales ejercen para evitar el acceso de otros grupos armados y de\nla Fuerza P\u00fablica. En estas y otras zonas del pa\u00eds las restricciones a la\nmovilidad, al ingreso de alimentos y al desarrollo de actividades\ncotidianas como la pesca y la caza han generado un fuerte deterioro\nde las condiciones de vida de las comunidades.\nResulta preocupante tambi\u00e9n la situaci\u00f3n de grupos\nn\u00f3madas y semin\u00f3madas de la Orinoqu\u00eda y la Amazon\u00eda colombiana.\nLos procesos forzados de sedentarizaci\u00f3n, el confinamiento ejercido\npor parte de grupos armados ilegales, la presencia de minas\nantipersonal en sus territorios, el reclutamiento forzado de sus hijos\ne hijas, la violencia sexual contra mujeres y ni\u00f1as, la falta de\nseguridad alimentaria han alterado los patrones de movilidad de los\npueblos jiw, en el Meta, nukak y Sicuani, en el Guavaiare, embera\nkat\u00edo y kof\u00e1n en el Caquet\u00e1, los pueblos kankuamo en el C\u00e9sar,\niguanitos en Arauca, aw\u00e1 y epera en Nari\u00f1o y bari en la frontera\nentre Colombia y Venezuela.\n\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 2 Situaci\u00f3n Colombia\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67b79023-9b84-3ab1-a461-3f67e2a20f33/Informe%20Completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Putumayo, Colombia. Humberto Alirio Garc\u00eda, miembro de la Organizaci\u00f3n_\n_Ind\u00edgena ACIPAP, recuerda con indignaci\u00f3n los hechos que han marcado la_\n_historia de los aw\u00e1. Mientras se acomoda su bast\u00f3n de mando se\u00f1ala el camino_\n_hasta su resguardo \u201cLos Guaduales\u201d._\n\n#### |Ecuador |\n\n\nDurante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os Ecuador se ha convertido en el pa\u00eds con la\nmayor poblaci\u00f3n de refugiados en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Este pa\u00eds acoge\nactualmente 55.092 personas con el estatus de refugiado.\nEn las provincias de la frontera norte habitan diversos grupos\nind\u00edgenas que se han visto afectados por el conflicto colombiano y por\nla llegada de solicitantes de asilo a territorio ecuatoriano. En la\nprovincia de Sucumb\u00edos habitan cinco nacionalidades ind\u00edgenas: siona,\nsecoya, cof\u00e1n, kicwa y shuar. En la de Carchi: La nacionalidad aw\u00e1 y el\npueblo pasto y en Imbabura las nacionalidades aw\u00e1 y kichwa, esta\n\u00faltima que agrupa a los pueblos karanki, otavalo, Natabuela y kayambi.\nEn las riberas de los r\u00edos San Miguel y Putumayo se ubican\nvarias comunidades siona, quienes se ven afectadas directamente por\nel conflicto armado colombiano. Varias de estas comunidades\nind\u00edgenas de frontera acogen a personas con necesidad de protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional, muchos de ellos miembros de nacionalidades ind\u00edgenas\ncolombianas.\nEn las provincias ecuatorianas de Carchi, Esmeraldas e\nImbabura viven los aw\u00e1, un grupo ind\u00edgena binacional con presencia\ntambi\u00e9n en el departamento de Nari\u00f1o, en Colombia. Existen m\u00e1s de\n30.000 personas de esta nacionalidad, de las cuales 4.000 habitan en el\nlado ecuatoriano en 22 comunidades reconocidas jur\u00eddicamente como\nCentros Aw\u00e1.\n\n\n\n**2012**\n\n\nEl ACNUR, ha promovido el fortalecimiento organizativo\ndel pueblo Aw\u00e1, con \u00e9nfasis en el proceso de negociaci\u00f3n del Plan de\nProtecci\u00f3n \u00c9tnica. Las acciones del ACNUR se han centrado en la\ncapacitaci\u00f3n de l\u00edderes Aw\u00e1 para el proceso de negociaci\u00f3n con el\nGobierno para el Plan de Protecci\u00f3n y la ejecuci\u00f3n de las \u00f3rdenes de\nla Corte Constitucional. El pueblo Aw\u00e1 escribi\u00f3 una propuesta de\nmedidas cautelares que fue entregada al Ministerio de Relaciones\nExteriores. El Plan de Protecci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica fue desarrollado y se inici\u00f3 el\nproceso de negociaci\u00f3n con el Gobierno para el proceso de consulta\nprevia.\nSe ha trabajado con los pueblos ind\u00edgenas bar\u00ed en el Norte\nde Santander para la construcci\u00f3n de un plan de prevenci\u00f3n y\nprotecci\u00f3n que defienda su territorio y preserve la cultura de las\namenazas del conflicto mediante un sistema de identificaci\u00f3n de\nriesgos. Se realiz\u00f3 un taller de tres d\u00edas con 50 representantes\nind\u00edgenas bar\u00ed y los jefes tradicionales en Tib\u00fa con el fin de elaborar\nuna agenda de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas con los cinco municipios de la\nregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo que se present\u00f3 a las autoridades locales. Se\nproporcionar\u00e1 apoyo t\u00e9cnico para la inclusi\u00f3n de las propuestas de\nlos ind\u00edgenas en los Planes Municipales y planes de desarrollo.\nMediante la mejora de las \u00e1reas comunes, es posible\nreducir la vulnerabilidad relacionada con el conflicto armado de los\npueblos ind\u00edgenas para lo que el ACNUR llev\u00f3 a cabo un proyecto de\npr\u00e1cticas de protecci\u00f3n donde se construy\u00f3 el Centro de la\nComunidad Siona. 1.970 personas de 11 reservas se beneficiaron de\neste Centro que adem\u00e1s es el lugar de reuni\u00f3n para los procesos de\norganizaci\u00f3n, fortalecimiento cultural y el desarrollo sociocultural.\n\n\n\u201cLa situaci\u00f3n de derechos humanos de los ind\u00edgenas en Colombia\ncontin\u00faa siendo sumamente grave, cr\u00edtica y profundamente\npreocupante, a pesar del reconocimiento constitucional de estos\nderechos\u201d. _Foro permanente de la Organizaci\u00f3n de Naciones_\n_Unidas para las cuestiones ind\u00edgenas (Unpfii)_\n\n\nEl ACNUR en Ecuador ha trabajado, entre otros proyectos,\npor el mejoramiento de la infraestructura b\u00e1sica y la dotaci\u00f3n de\nmaterial did\u00e1ctico para 17 escuelas aw\u00e1 en donde asisten a clases m\u00e1s\nde 500 ni\u00f1os. De igual manera, se han organizado varios talleres de\ncapacitaci\u00f3n en materia de derechos humanos con profesores, mujeres\ny l\u00edderes comunitarios, as\u00ed como la red de promotores comunitarios de\nsalud de los 22 Centros Aw\u00e1 que conforman la Federaci\u00f3n de Centros\nAw\u00e1 del Ecuador.\nAdem\u00e1s de los aw\u00e1, existe la comunidad binacional epera,\nubicada en la costa del Pac\u00edfico, entre Ecuador y Colombia. La oficina\ndel ACNUR en Esmeraldas da apoyo a las granjas integrales que\ncontribuyen no s\u00f3lo a mejorar las condiciones de vida de esta\npoblaci\u00f3n sino tambi\u00e9n a fortalecer la integraci\u00f3n de la comunidad, ya\nque todos los miembros de la familia trabajan en ellas. Los proyectos\ncon un enfoque integral son claves para esta comunidad que ha estado\ninvisibilizada por mucho tiempo.\nEn su mayor\u00eda, las comunidades ind\u00edgenas en zonas\nfronterizas carecen de servicios b\u00e1sicos y se encuentran en zonas de\ndif\u00edcil acceso. Por ejemplo, en Sucumb\u00edos, el principal acceso a algunas\ncomunidades es por v\u00eda fluvial. En esta zona, la suboficina del ACNUR\nen Lago Agrio apoya a las comunidades fronterizas kichwa, que acogen\nrefugiados colombianos ind\u00edgenas, a trav\u00e9s de proyectos productivos\nencaminados a fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria y salvaguardar las\npr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas tradicionales.\n\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 3 Situaci\u00f3n Colombia\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67b79023-9b84-3ab1-a461-3f67e2a20f33/Informe%20Completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Estos proyectos se han implementado en las comunidades shuar,\ncharip y yamaram nankais, donde el impacto del conflicto del\nvecino pa\u00eds ha provocado el desplazamiento hasta cuatro veces de\nestas comunidades ind\u00edgenas.\nEl ACNUR, a trav\u00e9s de los diagn\u00f3sticos participativos ha\nidentificado varias necesidades en temas de acceso a servicios\nb\u00e1sicos y producci\u00f3n en la provincia de Sucumb\u00edos y ha impulsado\nvarios proyectos en temas de agua, salud, educaci\u00f3n y generaci\u00f3n\nde ingresos en comunidades en las riveras de los r\u00edos San Miguel y\nPutumayo.\n#### |Venezuela |\n\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena venezolana est\u00e1 conformada por 28 grupos\n\u00e9tnicos, los cuales constituyen el 1,5% del total de la poblaci\u00f3n. Los\nbar\u00ed, los yukpa, y los way\u00fau, ubicados en la frontera norte colombovenezolana, son algunos de los m\u00e1s afectados por el conflicto\ncolombiano, ya que sus comunidades acogen a las personas que\ncruzan la frontera buscando protecci\u00f3n internacional.\nHacia el sur de la frontera con Colombia, muchos\nrefugiados llegan al estado Amazonas, de mayor\u00eda ind\u00edgena, donde\nson recibidos por comunidades piaroa y puinabe.\nEl ACNUR ha desarrollado actividades para promover la\nprotecci\u00f3n de estos grupos y fortalecer su identidad y valores\ntradicionales. Una de ellas es la producci\u00f3n y difusi\u00f3n de materiales\nradiof\u00f3nicos para informar y sensibilizar sobre la situaci\u00f3n de los\nrefugiados y sus derechos en Venezuela en los idiomas wayuunaiki,\nbari y yukpa, a trav\u00e9s de emisoras regionales y comunitarias.\nAs\u00ed como la mayor\u00eda de los refugiados procedentes de\nColombia, los ind\u00edgenas no suelen registrarse ante las autoridades\nvenezolanas, principalmente porque desconocen sus derechos y los\nprocedimientos para solicitar protecci\u00f3n. Sobre este aspecto el\nACNUR estim\u00f3 que cerca de la mitad de la poblaci\u00f3n colombiana en\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n en el estado Amazonas es de origen\nind\u00edgena.\nDebido a que en este Estado no hay presencia permanente\ndel ACNUR ni de autoridades competentes en materia de asilo, se\nconsidera que la naturalizaci\u00f3n, basada en la doble nacionalidad a la\nque tienen derecho los ind\u00edgenas (venezolana y colombiana), es la\nsoluci\u00f3n duradera m\u00e1s apropiada.\nDurante 2011, el ACNUR alent\u00f3 a la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para\nlos Refugiados (CNR) de Venezuela a realizar un diagn\u00f3stico\nexploratorio en Puerto Ayacucho, capital del Estado Amazonas. Las\nacciones llevaron al hallazgo y atenci\u00f3n de 500 personas\naproximadamente con necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional. Buena\nparte de las familias asistidas pertenecen a las etnias ind\u00edgenas de la\nregi\u00f3n fronteriza, quienes como otros solicitantes de asilo, pasan la\nfrontera con gran facilidad cruzando el r\u00edo Orinoco con modestas\nbalsas.\nEl CNR respondi\u00f3 con eficiencia ante la implementaci\u00f3n de\nbrigadas itinerantes y la ampliaci\u00f3n de la operaci\u00f3n a la amazon\u00eda.\nLas jornadas m\u00f3viles permitieron detectar grupos de\npersonas con distintas necesidades de protecci\u00f3n, que a menudo\ndesconocen sus derechos, tienen dificultades en el acceso al empleo\nformal, sufren restricciones en la libre circulaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como la\npersistencia de distintos obst\u00e1culos para que ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes puedan acceder al sistema educativo.\n\n\n\n**2012**\n\n#### |Panam\u00e1 |\n\n\n_Ni\u00f1as Embera de la comunidad de Tortuga en Dari\u00e9n. ACNUR/Panam\u00e1_\n\n\nEn Panam\u00e1 existen diversos grupos ind\u00edgenas y el \u00edndice de pobreza\nen las zonas donde habitan es de los m\u00e1s altos en todo el pa\u00eds, al\nigual que los niveles de desigualdad frente al resto de la poblaci\u00f3n.\nLas principales demandas de los grupos ind\u00edgenas,\nparticularmente los ng\u00e4be-bugl\u00e9 y naso, refieren a las concesiones\ndadas a empresas mineras, hidroel\u00e9ctricas, tur\u00edsticas y ganaderas,\ndentro de sus territorios. Estas demandas han dado lugar a\nmanifestaciones p\u00fablicas y debates sobre un nuevo C\u00f3digo Minero\nque permitir\u00eda ventajas econ\u00f3micas sobre la explotaci\u00f3n en tierra\ncomarcal.\nEn el mes de febrero de 2012, ind\u00edgenas paname\u00f1os del\npueblo ng\u00e4be-bugl\u00e9 protestaron contra las actividades mineras e\nhidroel\u00e9ctricas propuestas para sus territorios. Dos manifestantes\nmurieron y m\u00e1s de 40 fueron detenidos. Los ember\u00e1 y wounaan,\nentre otros pueblos ind\u00edgenas, hicieron un llamado p\u00fablico en el que\ndenunciaban la falta de legalizaci\u00f3n de sus tierras y anunciaban\nmovilizaciones de protesta para expresar su solidaridad con el pueblo\nng\u00e4be-bugl\u00e9. El Relator Especial de la ONU sobre los derechos de los\npueblos ind\u00edgenas, James Anaya, inst\u00f3 al Gobierno y a los pueblos\nind\u00edgenas a iniciar un proceso de di\u00e1logo para terminar con la tensi\u00f3n\ny la violencia.\nLos estrictos controles de seguridad en las \u00e1reas de frontera\ncon Colombia, en la Provincia de Dari\u00e9n, traen repercusiones\nnegativas para las comunidades (estrictos controles policiales,\nlimitaciones al traslado de alimentos para consumo o venta).\nEn Dari\u00e9n, residen ind\u00edgenas de las etnias ember\u00e1 y\nwounaan bajo el estatuto humanitario provisional de protecci\u00f3n\n(PTH). Estas personas son beneficiadas por programas que realiza el\nACNUR, a trav\u00e9s de socios como el Vicariato del Dari\u00e9n y la Oficina\nNacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de Refugiados (ONPAR).\nTambi\u00e9n en la frontera sur, en la Comarca de Kuna Yala, se\nimplementa el proyecto \u201cIniciativa en salud sexual y reproductiva\u201d;\nproducto del trabajo conjunto entre ONUSIDA, Ministerio de Salud,\nFondo mixto Hispano-Paname\u00f1o de cooperaci\u00f3n y ACNUR. Dicho\nproyecto cuenta con la aprobaci\u00f3n y participaci\u00f3n del Congreso\nComarcal Kuna, quienes reconocen la relevancia de temas de\neducaci\u00f3n sexual y reproductiva para su poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/67b79023-9b84-3ab1-a461-3f67e2a20f33/Informe%20Completo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_451/raw/doc_451_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_451/raw/doc_451_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 852f8f6120cd0fd6a7f1db6f513515003903ce2e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_451/raw/doc_451_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# INFORME DE RESULTADOS:\n### Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\nLos primeros meses del 2021 estuvieron marcados por la\npandemia de la COVID-19 y sus profundos efectos negativos\nsobre las condiciones de vida de las personas a nivel global.\nEste escenario se ha visto acentuado sobre la poblaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s\nvulnerable a nivel mundial, y Ecuador no es la excepci\u00f3n. Si bien\neste fen\u00f3meno impact\u00f3 a toda la ciudadan\u00eda, las personas en\nsituaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana fueron especialmente afectadas.\nSin embargo, en los \u00faltimos meses del a\u00f1o, el escenario\ngeneral ha mejorado gracias al plan de vacunaci\u00f3n nacional, a\nla paulatina recuperaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda y a la reducci\u00f3n de\nla afluencia a las unidades de emergencias en las instalacio\nnes hospitalarias. Apesar de ello, la realidad de las personas\nrefugiadas y migrantes sigue siendo compleja.\n\nEn este contexto, el ACNUR realiz\u00f3 diagn\u00f3sticos participativos\npara conocer los principales desaf\u00edos que enfrentan las personas\nen situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana y las comunidades que las\nacogen. Adem\u00e1s, indag\u00f3 sobre las capacidades, las propuestas de\nsoluci\u00f3n y la percepci\u00f3n del trabajo que el ACNUR y sus socios\nhan desarrollado para fortalecer su inclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica y social.\n\nAs\u00ed, entre julio y agosto de 2021, 446 personas en situaci\u00f3n de\nmovilidad humana y de la comunidad de acogida participaron\nen 54 grupos focales llevados a cabo en 12 provincias. Con el\nprop\u00f3sito de garantizar el enfoque de edad, g\u00e9nero y diversidad\nlos diagn\u00f3sticos participativos contaron con la presencia de\nmujeres, hombres, ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, adolescentes, j\u00f3venes, adultos\ny adultas mayores, personas LGBTI+, personas con discapacidad,\npersonas afrodescendientes y madres adolescentes.\n\nLas preguntas formuladas abordaron un amplio espectro\nde temas que incluyeron: protecci\u00f3n legal, medios de vida,\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y xenofobia, satisfacci\u00f3n por los servicios\nrecibidos por parte del Estado, ACNUR y sus socios.\n\nPor tanto, este informe comprende la siguiente estructura:\nresumen de los hallazgos, resultados tem\u00e1ticos y una s\u00edntesis de\nlas particularidades que enfrentan los grupos poblacionales.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La necesidad de recolectar las opiniones, sugerencias y\nretroalimentaci\u00f3n de nuestra poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s se inscribe\nen los principios fundamentales del ACNUR, tales como\nla pol\u00edtica de Edad, G\u00e9nero y Diversidad (AGD - versi\u00f3n\nactualizada en 2018), y la pol\u00edtica de rendici\u00f3n de cuentas hacia\nla poblaci\u00f3n afectada (AAP por sus siglas en ingles). Adem\u00e1s, se\ninscribe en un proceso de empoderamiento de las comunidades\ny de enfoque de derecho, a trav\u00e9s del cual las personas de\ninter\u00e9s tienen garantizada su participaci\u00f3n en el proceso de\ntoma de decisi\u00f3n de medidas que afectan su protecci\u00f3n y\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\npol\u00edtica AGD, la cual radica en poner al individuo en el centro\nde nuestras acciones, sea hombre, mujer, ni\u00f1a, ni\u00f1o, joven,\npersona LGBTIQ+, persona con discapacidad, afrodescendiente,\nind\u00edgena u otro.\n\nPor ende, la poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s de ACNUR y las comunidades\nafectadas tienen el derecho a la participaci\u00f3n, y es nuestro\ndeber garantizar que nuestros proyectos y programas sean\nconstruidos, implementados, monitoreados y evaluados en\ncolaboraci\u00f3n efectiva, participativa e inclusiva de la poblaci\u00f3n\ncon la cual trabajamos. Desde un punto de vista operativo, este\nejercicio es tambi\u00e9n una manera de fijar una mayor eficacia en\nnuestras acciones y apuntalar a que nuestros recursos sean\ncanalizados hacia la soluci\u00f3n de los mayores obst\u00e1culos y\nnecesidades de las personas de inter\u00e9s y comunidades.\n\nEn 2022 es un a\u00f1o clave porque, siendo el primer a\u00f1o donde\nnuestros objetivos y actividades est\u00e1n planteados a trav\u00e9s del\nnuevo Marco de Resultados del ACNUR (RBM), es fundamental\nque la voz de las personas con las quienes trabajamos est\u00e9\narticulada con ese nuevo marco, orientada hacia cada objetivo y\nresultado trazado.\n\nNuestro mandato y pol\u00edtica interna, la promoci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n\nde los derechos de las personas con las cuales trabajamos,\nas\u00ed como la necesidad de mejorar la efectividad e impacto de\nnuestros recursos, nos llev\u00f3 a formalizar este ejercicio. En este\nmarco, los hallazgos generales resultantes de este ejercicio son:\n\n\n - La mayor\u00eda de las personas consultadas tiene **vocaci\u00f3n de**\n**permanencia en el Ecuador**, existiendo menos personas\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\ncon intenci\u00f3n de s\u00f3lo transitar por el pa\u00eds. Generalmente,\nlas personas explican que la estad\u00eda en el Ecuador oscila\nentre los seis (6) meses a tres (3) a\u00f1os. De esa vocaci\u00f3n de\npermanencia surgen necesidades adicionales a las de una\nsituaci\u00f3n humanitaria, como la inclusi\u00f3n socio econ\u00f3mica.\n\n- Entre las razones que los llevaron a Ecuador, manifiestan la\nb\u00fasqueda de seguridad. La poblaci\u00f3n percibe a **Ecuador como**\n**un pa\u00eds m\u00e1s seguro** en relaci\u00f3n con su pa\u00eds de origen u otros\npa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n en los que ha estado previamente.\n\n- Existe la percepci\u00f3n de mayores necesidades de protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional y de riesgos de retorno. Las personas\nconsultadas expresan que no pueden volver a su pa\u00eds debido\na que han huido por que sufrieron amenazas a su vida o\nintegridad. Otros cuentan tambi\u00e9n que no pueden regresar\nporque en su pa\u00eds no hay acceso a alimentos y medicinas, y\ntienen que buscar mejores oportunidades en otros pa\u00edses.\n\n- Adem\u00e1s, sufren **limitaciones en la regularizaci\u00f3n y acceso**\n**a servicios,** debido a que la falta de documentaci\u00f3n afecta\nla posibilidad de homologaci\u00f3n de t\u00edtulos y el acceso a la\neducaci\u00f3n superior.\n\n- Por otro lado, han sido v\u00edctimas de incidentes de robos, y **en**\n**ciertos casos persiste la discriminaci\u00f3n y xenofobia.** A esto\nse suma, que algunas mujeres consultadas indican haber sido\nv\u00edctimas de sexo por supervivencia.\n\n- Frente a las limitaciones de la poblaci\u00f3n para cubrir las\nnecesidades b\u00e1sicas, las organizaciones sociales juegan un rol\nfundamental, adem\u00e1s se presentan como espacios seguros que\ndan soporte frente a situaciones cr\u00edticas.\n\n- En t\u00e9rminos de soluciones, las personas consultadas\nproponen **involucrar a las instituciones de Estado, al sector**\n**empresarial, a las comunidades y a sus redes,** con el objetivo\nde **fortalecer la relaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s con la**\n**comunidad de acogida.** Por ejemplo, se sugiere promover\nla articulaci\u00f3n interinstitucional con dependencias del\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nsector financiero p\u00fablico y privado para generar **espacios de**\n**educaci\u00f3n financiera.** A nivel comunitario y en respuesta a la\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n se propone generar **campa\u00f1as permanentes**\n**de lucha contra la discriminaci\u00f3n y la xenofobia, y talleres**\n**informativos sobre acceso a servicios y derechos para la**\n**poblaci\u00f3n e** n situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana y en necesidad\nde protecci\u00f3n internacional.\n\n\n**Percepci\u00f3n respuesta:**\n\nSe evidencia que sigue existiendo frustraci\u00f3n en muchas\npersonas en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana, por no saber qu\u00e9\nhacer para cubrir sus **necesidades b\u00e1sicas y el desconocimiento**\n**sobre sus derechos.** Precisamente, existe la percepci\u00f3n de\nque todav\u00eda hay poca informaci\u00f3n respecto a los tr\u00e1mites\nque deben seguir para obtener documentaci\u00f3n o para\nacceder a visados. Las personas consultadas se\u00f1alan que las\norganizaciones entregan cierta informaci\u00f3n, pero que luego\nel tr\u00e1mite termina siendo complejo o a veces no les dan la\ninformaci\u00f3n requerida. Esto les preocupa ya que les dificulta\nsu posibilidad de conseguir empleos y calificar para servicios\nfinancieros, aumentando su situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\nPor ello, resaltaron la necesidad de contar con mayor cantidad\nde talleres en los que puedan participar e informarse m\u00e1s de\ncerca sobre sus derechos, especialmente referente al campo\nlaboral, acceso a salud, educaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como otros servicios.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de las personas de inter\u00e9s consultadas expresaron\nsu **vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia e intenci\u00f3n de retomar su**\n**proyecto de vida en el pa\u00eds.** Bajo este contexto, surgen\ndificultades vinculadas al acceso y permanencia al territorio,\nregularizaci\u00f3n migratoria, acceso a documentos de identidad,\nacceso al asilo y justicia.\n\n\nLas personas consultadas expresaron su preocupaci\u00f3n y temor\nde ejercer sus derechos sociales y laborales, de contar con\nel debido proceso, y de la falta de garant\u00edas en su condici\u00f3n\nde refugiadas o solicitantes de asilo. Por ello, consideran\nque durante el ingreso al territorio y en su permanencia, los\ncontroles migratorios est\u00e1n sesgados por criterios de xenofobia\ny discriminaci\u00f3n, lo cual aumenta el riesgo de ser multados,\ndeportados o expulsados del pa\u00eds, **inclusive cuando disponen**\n**de documentaci\u00f3n y permisos de permanencia.**\n\n\nLos tr\u00e1mites para solicitar asilo resultan nuevos para\nvarias personas de inter\u00e9s. Se resalta un grado alto de\ndesconocimiento en la poblaci\u00f3n venezolana sobre el\nprocedimiento de determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiada.\nLa mayor\u00eda de las personas venezolanas que participaron en\nlos grupos focales no accedieron al proceso de asilo por falta\nde conocimiento, informaci\u00f3n incorrecta, temor y **carencia**\n**de recursos econ\u00f3micos para trasladarse a las oficinas de**\n**la Direcci\u00f3n de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional del Ministerio de**\n**Relaciones Exteriores.** Adem\u00e1s, recalcaron que tampoco\nconoc\u00edan que el tr\u00e1mite puede realizarse en una plataforma en\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\nl\u00ednea y se\u00f1alaron que les result\u00f3 muy dif\u00edcil la familiarizaci\u00f3n\ncon los formularios.\n\n\nEn los grupos focales, un n\u00famero representativo de personas\nde origen venezolano que accedi\u00f3 al proceso de asilo indic\u00f3\nque sus casos **fueron rechazados sin que se les haya explicado**\n**claramente los motivos** por los que sus solicitudes no eran\ncompatibles con la protecci\u00f3n internacional. Adem\u00e1s, se\u00f1alaron\nestar en situaci\u00f3n migratoria irregular y no poder acceder al\ntr\u00e1mite para regularizarse por el **alto costo de los visados y**\n**por la exigencia de pasaporte v\u00e1lido y vigente.** A esto se suma,\nque varias personas, adem\u00e1s de no contar con un pasaporte,\ntampoco tienen documentos de identidad, y en ocasiones\ndisponen de una copia simple de su documento o una denuncia\nde extrav\u00edo. Asimismo, los tr\u00e1mites fundamentales para la\nregularizaci\u00f3n se los realiza en l\u00ednea, y no todas las personas\ntienen conexi\u00f3n a internet o conocen el procedimiento.\n\n\nSi bien algunas personas han podido regularizar su situaci\u00f3n, no\nconocen la forma de renovar su visa o tienen miedo de realizar\nun nuevo tr\u00e1mite que pueda complicar su estad\u00eda en Ecuador,\nlo que podr\u00eda afectar sus posibilidades de trabajar o acceder a\notros derechos o servicios.\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\n\nLas personas entrevistadas sugieren fortalecer y difundir m\u00e1s\ninformaci\u00f3n sobre las l\u00edneas de atenci\u00f3n legal y asistencia, de\nlas defensor\u00edas u otras organizaciones que trabajan en derechos\nhumanos. Recomiendan mejorar la capacidad de los servicios\np\u00fablicos que garanticen un acceso f\u00e1cil a servicios y tr\u00e1mites\nb\u00e1sicos. Tambi\u00e9n consideran que la organizaci\u00f3n de brigadas y\nferias ciudadanas en la que se socialicen servicios es una acci\u00f3n\nclave para familiarizarse y gestionar tr\u00e1mites legales.\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nPor otra parte, tambi\u00e9n recomiendan la colaboraci\u00f3n con las\nautoridades para prevenir, mitigar y responder a riesgos de\nprotecci\u00f3n como Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero (VBG) y Trata\nde Personas, as\u00ed como en la implementaci\u00f3n de protocolos de\natenci\u00f3n a personas de inter\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cHe estado enviado formularios desde noviembre, pero hace como_\n_dos semanas me negaron el refugio. Ped\u00ed mi expediente porque no_\n_me puedo quedar sin visa porque adem\u00e1s yo corro peligro all\u00e1 en_\n_Venezuela\u201d._\n\n_\u201cNo tenemos visa ni hemos pedido refugio porque no conoc\u00edamos_\n_del proceso y no sab\u00edamos c\u00f3mo hacerlo\u201d._\n\n_\u201cUno gasta demasiado tratando de hacerse legal\u201d._\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nPara contar con recursos econ\u00f3micos que les permita satisfacer\nsus necesidades b\u00e1sicas, **las personas de inter\u00e9s trabajan**\n**por un sueldo mucho menor** que el que percibe una persona\necuatoriana por la misma actividad. Como parte del proceso\nde contrataci\u00f3n, los empleadores solicitan documentos y\nexperiencia laboral que no siempre disponen las personas de\ninter\u00e9s. Esto provoca que las personas accedan a trabajar en\nempleos informales donde no se les garantizan condiciones\nm\u00ednimas laborales. Algunas personas indican que ciertos\nempleadores **les llamaron para trabajar en periodos de prueba**\n**y despu\u00e9s no reconocieron econ\u00f3micamente su trabajo.**\n\nLas personas de inter\u00e9s mencionan estar expuestas a\n**explotaci\u00f3n laboral, acoso y discriminaci\u00f3n,** lo cual se acent\u00faa\nde acuerdo con su edad, orientaci\u00f3n sexual, identidad de\ng\u00e9nero, u otras caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas. **La dificultad de**\n**encontrar fuentes de ingreso estable es generalizada.**\n\n\nDebido a la falta de oportunidades las personas de inter\u00e9s\n**optan por el comercio informal** con la expectativa de generar\ningresos que permitan financiar gastos de alimentaci\u00f3n,\nvivienda y educaci\u00f3n. Frente a la intenci\u00f3n de formalizar\nsu actividad econ\u00f3mica, adem\u00e1s de tener una condici\u00f3n\nmigratoria regular, requieren medios para la adquisici\u00f3n de las\nherramientas para su emprendimiento y contar con el RUC o\nRISE. El procedimiento para lograrlo no es claro y no tienen\nmedios para obtenerlos. En ese af\u00e1n, buscan financiamiento\na trav\u00e9s de pr\u00e1cticas riesgosas que incluyen: prestamistas\ninformales, venta de activos, entre otros.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\n\nLas personas que participaron en los grupos focales plantean\nque su situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica mejorar\u00eda con su regularizaci\u00f3n\nmigratoria. Una visa de trabajo u otras formas de estancia\nregular les permitir\u00eda asegurar sus medios de vida.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, requieren capacitaciones en oficios, habilidades\nblandas como liderazgo, comunicaci\u00f3n efectiva, creatividad\ne innovaci\u00f3n, entre otras, y emprendimiento. Consideran que\nse debe fortalecer la informaci\u00f3n para acceder a mejores y\nmayores opciones de empleabilidad y emprendimiento.\n\n\nSugieren incidir para que las empresas empleen a personas\nen situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana con mecanismos que\nconsideran \u00fatiles para su incorporaci\u00f3n como: bolsas de empleo\ndonde reciban apoyo para analizar sus perfiles profesionales y\npoder acceder a trabajo.\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cEl venezolano se va a aguantar todo el trabajo -m\u00e1s horas y menos_\n_sueldo-. No tenemos los mismos derechos que los ecuatorianos\u201d._\n\n_\u201cTener estatus migratorio regular mejorar\u00eda las oportunidades para_\n_el empleo y emprendimiento\u201d._\n\n_\u201cEn los negocios hay letreros de: No se aceptan extranjeros\u201d._\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A pesar de lo mencionado, se han identificado algunas\nnecesidades y desaf\u00edos relacionados con el acceso a los\nservicios de salud. Las personas de inter\u00e9s consultadas\nindicaron que existe la **falta de insumos m\u00e9dicos y medicinas**\n**para la atenci\u00f3n y que el sistema para agendamiento de citas**\n**es poco \u00e1gil.** Adem\u00e1s, persisten en determinados proveedores\nde servicios actitudes xen\u00f3fobas que generan discriminaci\u00f3n y\nlimitan el acceso a los servicios de salud.\n\n\nEn opini\u00f3n de las personas de inter\u00e9s los servicios de salud\nest\u00e1n sobrecargados por los casos de la COVID-19, por lo que\nlos programas de atenci\u00f3n primaria de salud, as\u00ed como ciertos\ncasos de morbilidad, han quedado en segundo plano.\n\n\nExisten algunas experiencias en determinados servicios\nde salud donde se les **exigi\u00f3 documentos de identidad /**\n**migratorios previo a la atenci\u00f3n.** Cuando las personas en\nmovilidad humana no tienen esta documentaci\u00f3n, sienten\ntemor de acercarse a los puestos de salud por posibles\nsanciones migratorias, incluso temen ser notificados con la\ndeportaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\nLa crisis econ\u00f3mica que se vive en el pa\u00eds, exacerbada por\nla pandemia de la COVID-19, hace que los servicios tengan\nmenos insumos m\u00e9dicos y medicinas, lo que provoca **que**\n**las personas en movilidad humana deban acudir a medicina**\n**privada pese a tener menos recursos econ\u00f3micos para cubrir**\n**los gastos.** Por otra parte, la automedicaci\u00f3n, con los riesgos\ninherentes que tiene, es una pr\u00e1ctica que se ha incrementado\nentre las personas en movilidad humana.\n\n\nLas personas de inter\u00e9s no tienen claro conocimiento de la\ncartera de servicios que ofertan las unidades en los diferentes\nniveles de atenci\u00f3n. Se presentan dificultades en la referencia al\nsegundo nivel y de atenci\u00f3n especializada.\n\n\nLas personas de inter\u00e9s consideran que se ha reducido la\nprovisi\u00f3n de servicios de salud sexual y salud reproductiva, que\nincluye el acceso para m\u00e9todos anticonceptivos y planificaci\u00f3n\nfamiliar, a la profilaxis del c\u00e1ncer c\u00e9rvico uterino y mamaria, al\ndiagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de ITS y VIH, entre otras. Adem\u00e1s, la\ninformaci\u00f3n y educaci\u00f3n sexual es limitada y las personas no\ncuentan con informaci\u00f3n oportuna para tomar decisiones.\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de propuestas relacionadas a la salud, no existi\u00f3\nmayor informaci\u00f3n de las consultas comunitarias, pero se lleg\u00f3\na plantear la necesidad de potenciar el acceso al Seguro Social\ncomo un mecanismo que permita mejorar el acceso a servicios\nde salud.\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cYo soy hipertensa y en todos mis embarazos tuve preeclampsia,_\n_en el centro de salud me trataron muy bien. Incluso el doctor me_\n_llamaba, me preguntaba c\u00f3mo estaba, si me sent\u00eda bien\u201d._\n\n_\u201cA m\u00ed el doctor que me atend\u00eda me dijo \u2018si no tiene un documento_\n_aqu\u00ed no es nadie\u2019. Puso mi n\u00famero de c\u00e9dula en el computador y_\n_cuando no apareci\u00f3 me dijo, usted no es nadie y me dej\u00f3 plantada_\n_en el consultorio\u201d._\n\n_\u201cCreo que tengo 3 o 4 meses de embarazo, no he podido realizarme_\n_los controles. Desde el Centro M\u00e9dico P\u00fablico no nos est\u00e1n_\n_brindado los servicios\u201d._\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El acceso a mejores oportunidades laborales est\u00e1 vinculado con\nlas posibilidades de continuar con la formaci\u00f3n y certificaci\u00f3n\nde los estudios superiores. Para la poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s este es\nun reto permanente, ya que no cuentan con la documentaci\u00f3n\nde respaldo.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\nLas personas consultadas sugieren mantener y reforzar espacios\nde sensibilizaci\u00f3n entre el personal del sistema educativo para\ndesmantelar la discriminaci\u00f3n y la xenofobia, as\u00ed como movilizar\ny canalizar recursos para proveer de dispositivos y conectividad\npara asegurar la continuidad educativa.\n\n\nLas personas consultadas recomiendan que se implemente\nlas herramientas y los mecanismos que les permitan tener\nacceso al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n. Se recomienda sensibilizar al\npersonal del Mineduc sobre estas herramientas y difundir esta\nmisma informaci\u00f3n entre el p\u00fablico.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n sugieren buscar alternativas para que las personas en\nmovilidad humana puedan seguir fortaleciendo capacidades\ny continuar sus estudios superiores, as\u00ed como apoyar en los\nprocesos de regularizaci\u00f3n de los t\u00edtulos profesionales.\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cLas ni\u00f1as m\u00edas no est\u00e1n estudiando, fui al distrito y me mandaron_\n_a una sala de internet y que el sistema no la ingresaba porque era_\n_colombiana, y no he podido inscribir a mis hijas\u201d._\n\n_\u201cEs necesario el celular o una tablet y eso no tenemos en la casa,_\n_entonces nos toca dividir el celular para mis hijos en la casa y se_\n_atrasan\u201d._\n\n_\u201cMi hija sufri\u00f3 de xenofobia de los compa\u00f1eros. Ella me dijo que_\n_se quer\u00eda morir, trabajamos con el psic\u00f3logo de la IE y logramos_\n_cambiarla de colegio\u201d._\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**localidades peque\u00f1as la xenofobia es de mayor magnitud.**\nIndican que hay barreras para la inclusi\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n\nen movilidad humana en las actividades comunitarias, de\nrecreaci\u00f3n y ocio. Adem\u00e1s, por falta de documentaci\u00f3n y\ntrabas en la entrega de referencias laborales tienen tratos\ndiscriminatorios en el alquiler de viviendas.\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\nPara la difusi\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n, la poblaci\u00f3n recomienda\nel uso de radios locales y de redes sociales (Facebook y\nWhatsApp), y la entrega directa de informaci\u00f3n en puntos\nde afluencia, como puntos en frontera, albergues y oficinas\np\u00fablicas. Adem\u00e1s, sugiere realizar talleres, presenciales o\nvirtuales, en los que se pueda hacer preguntas y recibir\nrespuestas oportunas.\n\nEn lo que refiere a medios de vida, proponen **generar talleres**\n**sobre utilizaci\u00f3n del capital semilla, econom\u00eda del hogar, uso**\n**de redes sociales y tecnolog\u00eda.** En este mismo tema, se ha visto\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n_traer\u201d._\n\n_\u201cCreo que todos los venezolanos estamos en una misma situaci\u00f3n y_\n_por eso nos ayudamos entre nosotros, uno dice al otro tal d\u00eda va a_\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n\n\n##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nReferente a las condiciones de vida, las personas se encuentran\nalojadas en viviendas que no cuentan con las condiciones\nm\u00ednimas de habitabilidad. **Los espacios habitacionales son**\n**reducidos y familias completas viven en cuartos sin divisiones**\n\n**o comparten espacios con otras, provocando el hacinamiento y**\n**posibles situaciones de SGBV.**\n\nEl conocimiento sobre sus derechos de inquilinato es m\u00ednimo.\nExiste un incumplimiento de las obligaciones del arrendador\ne imposici\u00f3n de normas y reglas que limitan a las personas\narrendatarias al acceso de espacios comunes, el uso de agua y\nluz. Ante esto, la convivencia se vuelve compleja. En algunos\ncasos, **se identifica discriminaci\u00f3n y falta de empat\u00eda por la**\n**situaci\u00f3n de las personas en movilidad.** A su vez, prefieren no\ndenunciar casos de abuso por miedo a represalias.\n\nEl acceso justo a una vivienda y la seguridad legal presenta\nabusos. La mayor\u00eda de las personas han sufrido **casos de**\n**discriminaci\u00f3n como incremento del precio de alquiler.**\n\nLas personas no cuentan con un trabajo estable, acceden a\ntrabajos diarios; por lo tanto, debido a la falta de recursos,\nno pueden cubrir el pago de arriendos. Para afrontar la\nsituaci\u00f3n, las personas buscan viviendas econ\u00f3micas, en\nbarrios marginales, sin transporte p\u00fablico y lejos de servicios de\nsalud, educaci\u00f3n, etc. Estas circunstancias hacen que vivan en\ncondiciones de inseguridad: **existe una alta preocupaci\u00f3n entre**\n**las mujeres j\u00f3venes sobre el acoso en espacios p\u00fablicos; y la**\n**poblaci\u00f3n venezolana, en la mayor\u00eda de los casos, mantiene**\n**cierta distancia con la comunidad de acogida.**\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n**para que las personas se alojen con condiciones m\u00ednimas de**\n**seguridad y bienestar,** con servicios y equipamientos b\u00e1sicos.\nAdem\u00e1s, sugieren difundir m\u00e1s **informaci\u00f3n sobre los derechos**\n**de los arrendatarios y generar v\u00ednculos de seguridad con los**\n**arrendadores.** Tambi\u00e9n, identificar y adecuar las viviendas para\nque sean seguras, dignas y c\u00f3modas (que cuenten con cocina,\ndormitorios y ba\u00f1os), que est\u00e9n ubicadas en barrios seguros y\naccesible al resto de servicios como salud y educaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cNosotros vivimos en una casa que no tiene luz, el \u00fanico medio de_\n_acceso de agua es un pozo, vivimos como 17 personas, s\u00ed se cuenta_\n_con divisiones. Nos han dado la vivienda a cambio que la cuiden\u201d._\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nLa **falta de redes de apoyo a nivel familiar y comunitario**\n**constituye una barrera** frente a las dificultades para cubrir\ngastos de arriendo, alimentaci\u00f3n y servicios b\u00e1sicos.\n\nLas personas de inter\u00e9s consideran a la alimentaci\u00f3n y el\narriendo como necesidades esenciales a cubrir. Sin embargo,\nfrente el temor al desalojo y quedar en situaci\u00f3n de calle, **el**\n**pago de arriendo pasa a ser la primera prioridad para algunas**\n**familias, incluso sobre su alimentaci\u00f3n.** La falta de empleo y\nrecursos para atender las necesidades alimentarias, de vivienda,\nenerg\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica, agua potable, \u00edtems de higiene, conectividad,\nentre otras, genera profundas preocupaciones en las personas,\nque afectan su estado de \u00e1nimo y, en general, dificultades a su\nsalud mental y f\u00edsica.\n\n**Las organizaciones sociales juegan un rol fundamental para**\n**cubrir las necesidades b\u00e1sicas y** representan espacios seguros\ny de soporte frente a situaciones cr\u00edticas. Por ejemplo, algunas\ncomunidades y vecinos, no siempre son vistos como espacios\nde apoyo y para la interacci\u00f3n directa. En estas ocasiones, las\norganizaciones sociales son el puente de comunicaci\u00f3n con el\nvecindario.\n\nPor otro lado, debido a la pandemia, las familias presentaron la\nnecesidad de equipos y conexi\u00f3n de internet principalmente\npara garantizar la educaci\u00f3n de sus hijas e hijos, as\u00ed como, para\nmantener contacto con familiares en sus pa\u00edses de origen.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\ncampa\u00f1as sobre los servicios y la asistencia humanitaria que\nbrinda el ACNUR y sus socios. Tambi\u00e9n piden que se aumenten\nlas visitas peri\u00f3dicas y acompa\u00f1amiento de las organizaciones\na las localidades para entender mejor las necesidades de las\npersonas.\n\n\n**Testimonios:**\n\n_\u201cEl arriendo es lo que se nos hace dif\u00edcil, varias veces hemos tenido_\n_que elegir entre comer y pagar el arriendo\u201d._\n\n_\u201cNosotros sentimos que tenemos mayor presi\u00f3n porque las_\n_personas que est\u00e1n ac\u00e1 siempre van a tener en que apoyarse, pero_\n_nosotros no, tenemos que pagar nuestros gastos de alquiler\u201d._\n\n_\u201cConcordamos en que si no podemos cubrir todas las necesidades_\n_de casa se priorizan las m\u00e1s importantes, lo que no es urgente_\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n#### Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes (NNA)\n\n##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nEn algunas localidades no hay espacios de recreaci\u00f3n o los\nespacios de recreaci\u00f3n, como parques, son inseguros por\nventa de droga, delincuencia o discriminaci\u00f3n. No cuentan\ncon suficientes dispositivos electr\u00f3nicos para las clases\nvirtuales, y los problemas de conectividad afecta su acceso a la\neducaci\u00f3n. Adicionalmente, los NNA se sienten inseguros en\nsu hogar por el hacinamiento y notan que su salud mental se\n\n\n\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, quienes se ven expuestos a trabajo\ninfantil y mendicidad, **algunas veces estos riesgos son asumidos**\n**por los mismos NNA.**\n\nExisten riesgos de protecci\u00f3n a los que se enfrentan las ni\u00f1as y\nlos ni\u00f1os no acompa\u00f1ados y separados de sus familias, quienes\nson especialmente vulnerables a la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y\nla trata de personas.\n\n##### **Propuestas y sugerencias:**\n\nRecomiendan continuar con programas que permitan su\nconexi\u00f3n a internet, en los cuales se debe asegurar su\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protecci\u00f3n de posibles vulneraciones como grooming (acoso\nsexual por parte de un adulto a una ni\u00f1a, ni\u00f1o o adolescente),\nadicciones, violencia y otras. La difusi\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s\nde la plataforma TikTok y YouTube es de su especial inter\u00e9s.\n\nAsimismo, solicitan que se realicen m\u00e1s actividades deportivas,\nart\u00edsticas, de manualidades, etc., y que se generen espacios que\npermitan una mayor integraci\u00f3n con la comunidad de acogida.\n\nIndican que el cuidado de los NNA debe realizarse en espacios\ncomunitarios que garanticen condiciones de seguridad y\nprotecci\u00f3n.\n\n#### Poblaci\u00f3n LGBTI+\n\n##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n LGBTI+ considera que son discriminados por su\norientaci\u00f3n sexual y diversidad de g\u00e9nero, por lo que enfrentan\ndesaf\u00edos en su integraci\u00f3n local y no disponen de espacios\nseguros. Esta situaci\u00f3n repercute especialmente en el espacio\nlaboral, en el cual la poblaci\u00f3n trans se ve m\u00e1s afectada.\n\nIdentifican al sistema educativo como un espacio en el que\nno se aborda el tema de diversidades, y se produce una\ninvisibilizaci\u00f3n del tema.\n\n##### **Sugerencias:**\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n solicita que haya m\u00e1s incidencia en los espacios\neducativos para que los padres y madres de familia as\u00ed como los\ndocentes sean referentes de apoyo y acompa\u00f1amiento.\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\n**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Informe de resultado:** Consultas comunitarias para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades y propuestas de respuesta\n\n#### Mujeres\n\n##### **Desaf\u00edos y necesidades:**\n\nLas mujeres se sienten menos seguras que los hombres.\nExperimentan constantemente hipersexualizaci\u00f3n, ofrecimiento\nde trabajo sexual, acoso sexual en calle, etc. Las mujeres\nadolescentes, adem\u00e1s de estas vulneraciones, han sido v\u00edctimas\nde intentos de secuestro.\n\nEn las viviendas, la falta de espacios privados y seguros (falta de\ncerraduras, seguros en puertas, dormitorios abiertos, etc.) es un\nelemento de preocupaci\u00f3n para las mujeres. Las viviendas con\nbater\u00edas sanitarias compartidas las ponen en mayor riesgo, en\nparticular a las NNA.\n\nLas mujeres tienen dificultades para acceder a empleos\nformales y conseguir otras v\u00edas para su generaci\u00f3n de ingresos,\nesta situaci\u00f3n afecta a la capacidad de atender las necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas de sus familias.\n\n##### **Soluciones:**\n\nProponen mecanismos de econom\u00eda compartida organiz\u00e1ndose\ncon otras mujeres (hermanas, hijas, madres, abuelas) para cubrir\nlos gastos familiares.\n\n\n18\n\n\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Este reporte fue publicado en noviembre de 2021 gracias a la colaboraci\u00f3n de\ndiversas unidades y oficinas de terreno de ACNUR Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Tulc\u00e1n,\nLago Agrio, Ibarra, Guayaquil, Huaquillas, Cuenca, Ambato, Quito y Santo Domin\u00ad\n\nINFORME NACIONAL - NOVIEMBRE 2021go), y a las organizaciones socias que brindaron su apoyo.\n\n\n##### **M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n:**\n\nACNUR Ecuador\nUnidad de Protecci\u00f3n\nguanziro@unhcr.org - poncecol@unh ~~c~~ r.org\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59fc107b-8f6c-3fb1-b10a-bc51de59237b/Informe%20Consultas%20comunitarias%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_452/raw/doc_452_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_452/raw/doc_452_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b6381e9c5043645fc3d3619520b300e9a40d4bb4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_452/raw/doc_452_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5e9fdfa7-af8e-547f-8870-281a62fa8b93/Informe%20de%20Exilio%20-%20Un%20viaje%20entre%20el%20desarraigo%20y%20la%20esperanza.pdf", - 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"pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_453/raw/doc_453_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_453/raw/doc_453_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8fd66cd91c3145c86037fffa5c0a60a151f907e1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_453/raw/doc_453_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1042 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Acknowledgements\n\nProtection Working Group would like to thank the following Organizations for their contribution and support\n\n\nAdana Migrant Centre, ASAM, CARE Turkey, Concern Worldwide, Danish Refugee Council, Ensar\n\nCommunity Centre, Eski\u015fehir University, HRDF, International Blue Crescent, IOM, Ke\u00e7ioren Migrant\n\nCentre, MSYDD, Sa\u011fl\u0131kta Gen\u00e7 Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar Derne\u011fi, SEVKAR, \u015eanl\u0131urfa Migrant Centre, Turkish Red\n\nCrescent, UN Women, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, WALD, WATAN and Welthungerhilfe\n\n\n\n\n\n**Lara Ozugergin**\n\n\nAssistant IA Coordination Officer\n\n\nInter-Agency Coordination Unit\n\n\nEmail: [ozugergi@unhcr.org](mailto:ozugergi@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Levent Eksi**\n\n\nAssociate IM Officer\n\n\nInformation Management Unit\n\n\nEmail: [eksi@unhcr.org](mailto:eksi@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Contents\n\nRationale and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 3\n\nProcess ........................................................................................................................................................ 4\n\nDevelopment of a Joint Tool ................................................................................................................. 4\n\nMethodology ............................................................................................................................................ 4\n\nSampling .................................................................................................................................................. 4\n\nGeographical Distribution ...................................................................................................................... 5\n\nData Collection and Analysis ................................................................................................................ 5\n\nRespondent Profiles and Demographic Information ............................................................................. 6\n\nCOVID-19 Awareness and Access to information ................................................................................ 7\n\nAccess to Services ..................................................................................................................................... 9\n\nAccess to Health Services .................................................................................................................... 9\n\nAccess to Education ............................................................................................................................ 10\n\nWork, Income and Assistance ................................................................................................................ 12\n\nWork ....................................................................................................................................................... 12\n\nIncome and Assistance ....................................................................................................................... 13\n\nAccess to Basic Needs and Hygiene Items ......................................................................................... 14\n\nAccess to Basic Needs ........................................................................................................................ 14\n\nAccess to Hygiene Items ..................................................................................................................... 15\n\nProtection and Community Concerns ................................................................................................... 16\n\nConclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 19\n\nWay Forward ............................................................................................................................................. 19\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Rationale and Objectives\n\nWithin the protection sector, partners identify a significant gap in systematic and structured\n\ninformation collection around needs of various refugee groups at the inter-agency level. Sector\n\npartners facilitate their own needs identification processes through different modalities, including\n\nparticipatory assessments and focus group discussions, ad hoc needs assessments and\n\nobservations through individual case response. However, outcomes and findings of the structured\n\nassessments are not systematically compiled and analysed between partners. Considering the\n\nlimited alignment between these processes, it is challenging to capture a comprehensive\n\nunderstanding around refugees\u2019 protection related needs.\n\n\nIn consideration of the above, protection partners agreed that the ongoing COVID-19 situation\n\npresents an opportunity for the sector to develop a common, harmonized, inter-agency rapid\n\nneeds assessment tool. While the tool is predominantly related to protection, in order to capture\n\na holistic understanding around needs, questions related to other sectors and thematic areas are\n\nalso incorporated. It is noted that while the tool developed is specific to the COVID-19 situation,\n\nUNHCR Inter-Agency Coordination (IA) and Information Management (IM) Units are\n\nsimultaneously working on contextualizing the tool to become a general protection needs\n\nassessment tool for future reference and use. As the assessment will be conducted by the\n\nProtection Working Group on a quarterly basis, this will ultimately serve to improve the current\n\ninformation collection and analysis capacity of the sector and promote evidence-based\n\nprogramming.\n\n\nThe development of a common, protection specific rapid needs assessment tool is expected to\n\nserve the below objectives:\n\n\n - Develop a better understanding of the protection and humanitarian situation in Turkey;\n\n - Establish a mechanism to systematically identify refugee needs in relation to thematic\n\nareas on protection, basic needs, livelihoods and education;\n\n - Systematize and standardize data collection and analysis processes to better inform\n\nevidence-based programming and the larger refugee response (including via the 3RP);\n\n - Inform and develop protection programming initiatives to address identified protection\n\nneeds and gaps.\n\n - Inform advocacy efforts on the local and central level with various stakeholders, including\n\nUN agencies, I/NGOs and public institutions;\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "structured\n\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.7291740775108337, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee groups", - "confidence": 0.8655911087989807, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Process\n\n##### Development of a Joint Tool\n\nThe joint tool was developed based on existing COVID-19 needs and impact assessment tools of\n\npartners, UNHCR\u2019s rapid needs assessment tool as well as other tools currently being developed\n\nby IA/IM. To this end, IA/IM initially conducted a mapping of existing assessment tools, compared\n\ncommon questions and identified priority questions on a need-to-know basis. The tool was\n\nfinalized after consultations, initially with a core group of protection partners [1], followed by the\n\nlarger sector as well as coordinators of other sectors.\n\n##### Methodology\n\n\nInitially, partners interested in undertaking phone interviews were identified. Accordingly, 12\n\npartners [2] operating in various geographical locations agreed to take part in the first round of the\n\nassessment exercise.\n\n##### Sampling\n\n\nConsidering the multi stakeholder nature of the assessment, simple random sampling method\n\n(i.e. probability sampling) was applied for respondents of Syrian and other nationalities separately.\n\nWhile there are general limitations in accessing information related to the larger refugee\n\npopulation (especially individuals of nationalities other than Syrian), the available datasets were\n\nrepresentative and therefore the sampling bias was minimized. The sample size was defined\n\nfollowing discussions on the size of available datasets and active partner caseloads for individuals\n\nof nationalities other than Syrian. Sample size for Syrians was identified based on official DGMM\n\nregistration statistics for Syrians under Temporary Protection (with due weight per geographical\n\ndistribution). Children (i.e. below 18) were not included as respondents in this exercise. Lastly, a\n\nfew partners, including some UN agencies with no direct implementation wanted to take place in\n\nthe exercise however did not have their own caseloads, as many of these organizations\n\nimplement through partners. These partners were therefore encouraged to engage in bilateral\n\n\n1 ASAM, CARE Turkey, Concern Worldwide, Danish Refugee Council, IOM, Turkish Red Crescent, UN Women, UNFPA, UNHCR,\nUNICEF and WATAN.\n2 ASAM, Concern Worldwide, HRDF, International Blue Crescent, IOM Partners (Adana Migrant Center, Ensar Community Center,\nKe\u00e7ioren Migrant Center, \u015eanl\u0131urfa Migrant Center),MSYDD, SEVKAR, Turkish Red Crescent, UNFPA Partner (Eski\u015fehir University,\nSa\u011fl\u0131kta Gen\u00e7 Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar Derne\u011fi), UNHCR Field Office Izmir, WALD, Welthungerhilfe.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid needs assessment tool", - "confidence": 0.7886698246002197, - "start": 34, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IA/IM", - "confidence": 0.875472366809845, - "start": 47, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available datasets", - "confidence": 0.8391580581665039, - "start": 216, - "end": 218 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DGMM\n\nregistration statistics", - "confidence": 0.5943031907081604, - "start": 262, - "end": 265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.6438552141189575, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "discussions on sharing caseload with their own partners or other organizations, through data\n\nsharing protocols.\n\n##### Geographical Distribution\n\n\nFour zones were created in alignment with existing coordination hubs (Marmara, Southeast,\n\nAegean and Central Anatolia & Other) to ensure information collected is representative of\n\nrefugees residing across different locations in Turkey and results are comparable. For Syrians,\n\nthe number of calls per zone is proportionate to the refugee population living per zone. For the\n\nother population groups, based on partner caseloads, the number of calls per zone were\n\nproportioned to the number of refugees living in each zone from each population group.\n\n##### Data Collection and Analysis\n\n\nThe tool was uploaded on Kobo. Subsequently, partners were requested to assign focal points to\n\nbe trained on the tool as well as on ensuring the quality of data. Due to time limitations, partners\n\nwere requested to mobilize internal capacity towards training enumerators and focal points on the\n\ntool and process. Simultaneously, IM developed a data analysis matrix linked to a PowerBI\n\ndashboard, allowing for partners to review progress and results of interviews throughout the entire\n\nprocess.\n\n\nThe assessment findings were analysed through age, gender and diversity (AGD) markers via\n\nthe following disaggregation\u2019s: sex of respondent, sex of head of household, population group\n\nand geographical location. If the analysis per thematic issue does not include the AGD analysis,\n\nit should be recognized that there are either no or minor differences between groups.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "partner caseloads", - "confidence": 0.9644541144371033, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.8981541395187378, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.914767861366272, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data analysis matrix", - "confidence": 0.5423275828361511, - "start": 187, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IM", - "confidence": 0.5727114677429199, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5079906582832336, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PowerBI\n\ndashboard", - "confidence": 0.6349116563796997, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Respondent Profiles and Demographic Information\n\n\n - **1,020 individuals provided informed consent** to participate in the exercise,\n\nrepresenting a total of 5,549 persons (at the household level).\n\n\n - Nationality breakdown of individuals participating in the exercise is as follows: Syria (774),\n\nIraq (118), Afghanistan (72), Iran (38), and Other Nationalities [3] (18).\n\n - **98% are registered with DGMM** . The other 2% either have not approached DGMM for\n\nregistration or could not register with DGMM due to various reasons.\n\n\n - In terms of gender breakdown, for Syrian and other nationalities there was an approximate\n\n50:50 ratio of female to male. For Iraqis, 53% were male, whereas for Afghans, a larger\n\nproportion at 64% were male respondents. While gender non-binary/non-conforming was\n\nincluded as an option in the questionnaire, no respondent self-identified as such.\n\n - 79% of the individuals mentioned that the head of their household is male and **only 21%**\n\n**mentioned that they have a female head of household** .\n\n - Age and gender breakdowns of households are as follows:\n\n|Gender/ Age|0-5|6-17|18-65|65+|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Female**
|
511|
938|
1,333|
63|
**2,845**
|\n|
**Male**
|
463|
969|
1,231|
41|
**2,704**
|\n|
**Total**|
974|
1,907|
2,564|
104|
**5,549**|\n\n\n\n_Figure 1 - The colors represents the zones and the size of the circle shows the number of individuals per each location._\n\n\n3 Breakdown of other nationalities is as follows: Nigeria, Palestine, Cameroon, Zimbabwe, Burundi, Egypt,\nEritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Niger, Sierra Leone and Yemen.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Respondent Profiles and Demographic Information", - "confidence": 0.591763436794281, - "start": 3, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.6263765096664429, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DGMM", - "confidence": 0.6457371115684509, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.5162269473075867, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9688934683799744, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age and gender breakdowns of households", - "confidence": 0.679938793182373, - "start": 223, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6654762029647827, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### COVID-19 Awareness and Access to information\n\nOverall, the levels of awareness on COVID-19 and access to relevant information was found to\n\nbe significantly high. **80% of respondents feel they have enough information about COVID-**\n\n**19**, whereas an additional 16% feel partially aware. No major differences across locations,\n\npopulation groups or sexes were identified in this regard.\n\n\n**general situation, symptoms, measures announced by the Government and where to seek**\n\n**support if infected** . As an example, while 17% stated that they did not feel they had enough\n\ninformation on symptoms, 75% were aware of at least one of the main COVID-19 symptoms.\n\n\nCommunication and information related assessments carried out prior to the pandemic seem to\n\nindicate that refugees generally not feel sufficiently informed about their rights and responsibilities.\n\nIn contrast, the results of the inter-agency assessment indicate high levels of both perceived and\n\nactual levels of COVID-19 awareness. The change in perception of awareness may be caused\n\nby several factors. Firstly, considering the global nature and scale of the pandemic, **the number**\n\n**of sources and range of modalities/channels to access information has increased**\n\nthroughout this period. This would also explain the relative alignment between individuals\u2019 current\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Communication and information related assessments", - "confidence": 0.9667582511901855, - "start": 136, - "end": 141 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9293204545974731, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessment", - "confidence": 0.9990115165710449, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.8102267384529114, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8886566758155823, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sources of information, compared to their preferred ones. Secondly, the results suggest that\n\n**utilization of standard and common messaging by a variety of stakeholders on such issues**\n\n**has a strong impact** on awareness and the perception thereof, for communities. Thirdly, the\n\nresults show that 70% of all respondents received information related to COVID-19 either in their\n\nown language or through quality and effective translation.\n\n\nThe principal sources of information for all respondents throughout this period were internet and\n\nsocial media; TV and newspaper; official websites of public institutions; and through their\n\ncommunities. Interestingly, NGOs and other civil society organizations, as well as UN agencies\n\nwere not identified as one of the main current or preferred sources of information, at least for the\n\nCOVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Access to Services\n\nOverall, the assessment indicates satisfactory levels of access to\n\nessential services. **66% of respondents, across population groups**\n\n**and geographical areas, stated they did not face barriers in**\n\n**accessing services** since March 2020. However, there were\n\ndifferences between population groups and locations. To specify, 57%\n\nof Afghans and 50% of Iranians stated they were unable to access\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nessential services in the Central Anatolia & Other and the Aegean region respectively. For\n\nAfghans the hardest to reach services in the mentioned location were health services, data\n\nupdates with PDMM and education; whereas for Iranians, it was PTT and banks. The assessment\n\nalso indicated differences between sexes. **37% of female respondents stated they had**\n\n**experienced difficulties in accessing services compared to 32% of male respondents** .\n\n\nNonetheless, it is recognized that COVID-19 had negative impact on services and operational\n\ncapacity of service providers. In turn, this did affect individuals\u2019 ability to access certain services.\n\nOf those unable to access services, the challenges mentioned in relation to reduced operational\n\ncapacity of service providers included lockdown and curfews; service providers working on\n\nrotation and reduced human resources capacity; crowded services; and prioritization of specific\n\ngroups for service delivery.\n\n##### Access to Health Services\n\n\n\nAssessment results indicate that health services and health service\n\nproviders were the **hardest to reach throughout this period.** Afghan\n\nand Iranian respondents reported the most difficulties in accessing,\n\nwith 44% and 56% respectively stating they faced barriers when trying\n\nto access health care.\n\n\nDespite the need for health services, 29% of respondents stated that\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthey have not accessed these services. The most common reason for this is due to a fear of\n\nleaving the house during the pandemic.\n\n\nSince March 2020, 49% of respondents attempted to access health services. Of those who did\n\nattempt, 75% were able to access services. For the 25% who were unable to access, the most\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.7387560606002808, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Anatolia & Other", - "confidence": 0.7450839281082153, - "start": 89, - "end": 93 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6824861764907837, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "common obstacles reported were de-prioritization of non-COVID related services (25%) and\n\ninactivation of health insurance (20%). To underline, 58% of Afghans stated they were unable to\n\naccess due to inactivation of insurance. Across nationalities, 55% of health insurance related\n\nobstacles was encountered in the Aegean.\n\n\nOverall, female respondents\u2019 level of access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and/or\n\ngynaecological and obstetric services were satisfactory. **Overall, 38% of all female**\n\n**respondents stated they had difficulties in accessing SRH services**, while around 50% of\n\nboth Iraqi women and those of other nationalities responded that they did not access SRH\n\nservices, either because they were unable or did not attempt to access these.\n\n##### Access to Education\n\n\nThe assessment aimed to identify the impact of the pandemic in terms of children\u2019s continued\n\naccess to education. In this regard, respondents were asked whether their children (all, some or\n\nnone) were school-going before the pandemic, and whether these school-going children were\n\nable to access the remote learning programme launched by the Ministry of National Education.\n\nAccordingly, of the families with children, 51% stated all of their children were registered and\n\nschool-going, whereas 36% stated none of their children participated in education prior to the\n\npandemic. The remaining families stated that at least one of their children participated in\n\neducation. The highest levels of enrolment of \u2018all children\u2019 were Iraqis at 56%. 28% of Afghan\n\nand 35% of Syrian families stated none of their school-aged children were enrolled in schools\n\nprior to COVID-19.\n\n\n**Most children \u2014 from families who stated all of their children were school-going prior to**\n\n**COVID-19 \u2014 were able to continue via remote learning opportunities.** Overall, 79% of\n\nrespondents with children stated that their children were able to continue education via remote\n\nlearning. The levels of continued education are highest amongst Iraqi households. On the other\n\nhand, the findings indicate that 21% of respondents whose children were school-going prior to\n\nthe pandemic did not continue education via remote learning. The highest percentage of\n\ndiscontinued education is amongst Afghan (29%) and Syrian (19%) households respectively.\n\n\nThe assessment did not indicate major differences between the sex of children facing difficulties.\n\nOf those who faced difficulties in accessing remote learning, 51% are girls and 49% are boys. For\n\nboth girls and boys, **barriers to access include no internet (22%), not enough equipment**\n\n**(17%), language barriers (13%) and no TV or no TV connection (12%)** . Particularly in the\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Access to Education", - "confidence": 0.5504953861236572, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5634615421295166, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5769762992858887, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.6823612451553345, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Southeast and Central Anatolia & Other regions, not having enough equipment is ranked as the\n\nmost predominant barrier to accessing remote education. Furthermore, not having enough\n\ninformation on how to access online information was prevalent especially for Afghan and Iranian\n\nfamilies.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIt is noted that the findings of this inter-agency assessment related to continued access to\n\neducation are different to other assessments carried out by partners (from both protection and\n\nother sectors). Through a variety of other assessments and surveys, large portions of the refugee\n\npopulation reported that access to remote education services is limited for them, in large part due\n\nto the same factors listed above. Comparatively, the inter-agency assessment findings show that\n\nmost school-going children were able to continue education via remote learning. The divergence\n\nin findings may have been caused by the timing of the assessments. As the challenges in\n\naccessing remote education for refugee communities were identified through assessments\n\ncarried out during the early stages of the pandemic, improvements may have been achieved until\n\nthe time the inter-agency assessment was carried out.\n\n\nThe assessment also seems to indicate **some correlation between continued access to**\n\n**education and the socio-economic situation of the household** . Of the families who state that\n\nthey can cover their monthly expenses and basic needs, the overall rate of continued remote\n\neducation is 78%. Comparatively, only 63% of children of those who stated that they are not able\n\nto cover their monthly expenses and basic needs were able to continue their education. Through\n\nwork and income related questions, **3% of families also flagged that their children were**\n\n**working** . It is unclear whether these children continue education or not.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessment", - "confidence": 0.9851205945014954, - "start": 53, - "end": 55 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southeast and Central Anatolia", - "confidence": 0.6069822907447815, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan and Iranian\n\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.5097601413726807, - "start": 40, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessment", - "confidence": 0.8652988076210022, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.7630956172943115, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "work and income related questions", - "confidence": 0.8645821809768677, - "start": 279, - "end": 284 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.7075591683387756, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Work, Income and Assistance\n\n##### Work\n\nSimilar to the approach on access to education, the process aimed to\n\ncompare pre-COVID work and income conditions to the situation\n\nthereafter. Accordingly, results indicate that **prior to the pandemic,**\n\n**most respondents across all nationalities worked informally (59%)**\n\n**and 10% worked formally.** While Syrians ranked highest in terms of\n\nworking formally at 12%, there were no Afghan or Iranian respondents\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nworking with permits. Afghans and Iranians also ranked highest in working informally, at 69% and\n\n68% respectively. Most common sectors of employment across all population groups were\n\nservice, construction and textile.\n\n\n**In terms of working informally, the findings do not indicate major differences between**\n\n**sexes.** Overall, 61% of men compared to 57% of women work informally. From a nationality\n\nperspective, the rate of informal employment was found to be highest amongst Iranian women at\n\n75%.\n\n\nIn addition to those working formally and informally, 31% of respondents expressed that they were\n\nnot working. For these respondents, the most common barriers in accessing employment were\n\nidentified as not being able to find jobs (29%) and long-term health conditions, injuries and/or\n\ndisabilities that prevent working (26%). Only 3% of respondents mentioned that they were retired\n\nand 3% that they continued to study.\n\n\nA key highlight of the assessment is the negative change in working status and conditions due to\n\nCOVID-19. **A significant majority (84%), across all nationalities, responded that their**\n\n**working status and conditions have changed (negatively) due to the pandemic**, with the\n\nmost affected population group as Iranians (96%) and the Aegean (95%) as the most affected\n\nregion. When compared to the pre-COVID working situation, it is observed that the informal\n\nemployment sectors have been most highly affected by COVID-19. These findings are also\n\nvalidated by other assessments. From the employee perspective, reasons for change in working\n\nstatus and conditions for those working informally include closure of workplaces (29%), loss of\n\njobs/dismissal by employer (14%) and being sent on unpaid leave (10%). Changes caused\n\nspecifically by COVID-19 include fear of transmission (14%) and having to stop working due to\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.943913996219635, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aegean", - "confidence": 0.5451323390007019, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6208963990211487, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "measures taken by the Government (23%). Lastly, changes were also caused by personal\n\nsituations such as health concerns (3%) and caregiving duties/household chores (2%).\n\n\nIn contrast with the findings around change in working status and conditions, the assessment\n\nindicates that the vast majority of respondents (86%) are positive about future job prospects,\n\nwhereas only 14% are not hopeful they will be able to regain employment in the near future.\n\n##### Income and Assistance\n\n\n\nWith such a large economic impact,\n\n**humanitarian assistance remains the**\n\n**main** **source** **of** **income** **for**\n\n**respondents, representing 34% of their**\n\n**reported income** . For Afghans, the\n\nproportion goes up to 40%. Humanitarian\n\nassistance as the main source of income\n\nis followed by income through employment\n\n(30%) and personal savings (11%). Other\n\nsources of income include community\n\nsupport, such as remittances, albeit\n\nminimal. In addition to humanitarian\n\nassistance and income through\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nemployment, across nationalities, Iraqis are noted to rely on neighbourhood and community\n\nsupport more so than other groups, whereas similarly, Syrians rely on their personal savings.\n\n\nOverall, **52% of respondents stated that they receive assistance through public institutions,**\n\n**local authorities, I/NGOs and UN agencies** . Amongst those receiving assistance, the top three\n\ntypes of assistance are all via cash modality, including ESSN, CCTE and other cash assistance\n\nschemes.\n\n\n\nThe Ministry of National Education, UNICEF and the Turkish Red\n\nCrescent (through ESSN and CCTE), municipalities, NGOs and Social\n\nAssistance and Solidarity Foundations (for non-ESSN assistance) are\n\nidentified as the main sources of assistance. The largest source of\n\nincome, reported nationally, is ESSN and CCTE. In terms of the next\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9554210305213928, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9258145093917847, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported income", - "confidence": 0.9418137669563293, - "start": 151, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghans", - "confidence": 0.6596947908401489, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Southeast, the second main source is NGOs, it is municipalities in the Aegean, Social Assistance\n\nand Solidarity Foundations in Marmara and UNHCR for Central Anatolia & Other region.\n\n\n**Minimal differences were identified in terms of access to assistance by female versus male**\n\n**heads of households.** Accordingly, 55% of female head of households receive assistance\n\ncompared to 52% of male head of households. After ESSN and CCTE, female heads of\n\nhouseholds receive the most assistance through UNHCR cash programmes.\n\n\nDifferences in distribution of assistance per geographical location were also identified. Assistance\n\nis mostly provided in the Aegean where 68% confirmed receiving support, followed by Southeast\n\n(54%), Central Anatolia & Other (49%) and Marmara (48%).\n\n### Access to Basic Needs and Hygiene Items\n\n##### Access to Basic Needs\n\n\nSurvey findings indicate that **88% of respondents are not fully able cover their monthly**\n\n**expenses and basic household needs.** Only 12% expressed being able to cover their needs in\n\nfull through existing sources of income. The most socio-economically vulnerable populations\n\ngroups are Afghans and Iraqis, with 98% and 93% respectively stating they were either not or\n\nonly partially able to cover their basic needs.\n\n\nFrom a gender perspective, differences in socio-economic vulnerability were identified.\n\nAccordingly, **53% of female headed households, compared to 43% of male headed**\n\n**households, are unable to cover their monthly expenses.** It is also noted that the expenditure\n\nof male headed households is 15% higher compared to female headed households.\n\n\nNotable differences between geographical areas were also identified in terms of respondents\u2019\n\nability to cover monthly expenses. While in the Central Anatolia & Other region, 16% are fully and\n\n49% are partially able to cover their expenses; only 9% are fully and 35% are partially able to\n\ncover expenses in the Marmara region.\n\n\nFindings of ability to cover monthly expenses were correlated with access to assistance schemes.\n\nAccordingly, it is interesting to note that **out of the 88% of respondents who stated that they**\n\n**were not fully able to cover their monthly expenses, approximately half are not receiving**\n\n**any assistance** .\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ESSN", - "confidence": 0.6440392136573792, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6333742141723633, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female heads of\n\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.5479371547698975, - "start": 84, - "end": 88 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Access to Basic Needs\n\n\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.9294674396514893, - "start": 161, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9344180226325989, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8944094181060791, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While only 20% of respondents provided feedback to this particular question, the most widely\n\nadopted coping mechanisms include to borrow money / remittances to purchase essential items\n\n(28%), reduce essential food expenditure (22%) and spend household savings (18%) as ways to\n\naddress the inability to cover monthly expenses and basic needs.\n\n##### Access to Hygiene Items\n\n\nOverall, **54% of respondents are unable to access COVID-19 related hygiene items** that they\n\nrequire. This is especially the case for Afghan (65%) and Iranian (62%) respondents. In\n\ncomparison with 52% of male head of households, 62% of female head of households face\n\ndifficulties in purchasing hygiene items. The most problematic location in terms of access to\n\nhygiene items is the Aegean (64%) and least problematic is Marmara (50%).\n\n\nOf those who stated they were not able to afford and/or access hygiene items, 84% cannot access\n\nhand sanitizers, 77% cannot access alcohol-based products and 50% cannot access masks. It is\n\ninteresting that respondents stated masks to be the third hardest to reach hygiene item, in\n\nconsideration of the free mask scheme launched by the Government. When inquired about the\n\nreasons of not purchasing these items, respondents state they were unable to access masks due\n\nto high costs (85%), unavailability of items in shops (9%), and unsatisfactory quality of items (4%).\n\nTo specify, access to masks is least problematic in Central Anatolia & Other region (35% being\n\nunable to), and most problematic in the Southeast (58%).\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection and Community Concerns\n\nRespondents were asked whether any problems had occurred in their household or within the\n\nlarger community during the COVID-19 situation. The list of protection and community concerns\n\nshared with respondents were as follows: increased stress, conflict among household members,\n\ndomestic violence, homelessness, xenophobia, conflict / tension with local community members,\n\ncrime, other, and no conflicts.\n\n\nOverall, 63% of the respondents reported some protection or community concerns during the\n\nCOVID-19 pandemic. **The most frequently mentioned protection concerns include**\n\n**observations of increased stress within their communities (38%) and conflict amongst**\n\n**household members (13%). Only 2% reported conflict with local communities.**\n\n\n\nThe majority of respondents in the Aegean (61%) and a significant\n\nproportion in the Southeast (39%) did not observe any protection\n\nproblems. The areas with the highest percentage of reported protection\n\nproblems were Marmara (71%) and Central Anatolia & Other (62%). In\n\nterms of increased stress within the household, Southeast ranked\n\nhigher than the overall average, at 39% followed by Marmara (27%).\n\nThe lowest reported area of increased stress was Aegean with 7%.\n\n\nThe assessment also indicated differences per nationality. 53% of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIraqis and 40% of Syrians stated that they did not observe any problems during this period,\n\ncompared to only 12% of Afghans and 4% amongst Iranians. Within the Afghan community,\n\nalmost 60% observed increased stress, 10% observed xenophobia and 8% observed increase in\n\nhomelessness. Amongst Iranian communities, increased stress, conflict amongst household\n\nmembers and xenophobia is observed to have increased above the general average.\n\n\n**A significant proportion of respondents, 43% informed that they have been experiencing**\n\n**increased stress within their own household, whereas 14% informed they were partially**\n\n**experiencing increased stress within the household.** Comparatively, 58% of those who\n\nindicated they experienced increased stress stated these will affect relationships and\n\ncommunication within the household. Contradictory to the increased levels of stress, 20% of\n\nrespondents do not want or need information and support on how to cope with stress, followed\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Community Concerns", - "confidence": 0.8690378069877625, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aegean", - "confidence": 0.6059752702713013, - "start": 146, - "end": 147 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.9605858325958252, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9081621766090393, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "by those who prefer social media (11%), phone calls (9%) and online PSS sessions as channels\n\n/ modalities to share information on coping strategies.\n\n\nGlobally, there is recognition that confinement at home that was brought about by the pandemic\n\nis likely to increase exposure or risk of violence and abuse. However, **assessment findings**\n\n**show that only 3% of all respondents stated that they were observing increases in**\n\n**domestic violence (of which 60% are female respondents)** . The increase is felt highest in the\n\nSoutheast and within Syrian communities, as 78% of those who observe increase in domestic\n\nviolence are Syrians. Domestic violence has not been mentioned at all by Iraqi respondents. 89%\n\nof those who observe increase in domestic violence believe that this will affect the relationship\n\nand communication in their communities and/or households. It should also be noted that for the\n\nquestions related to safety, respondents were asked to select a number corresponding to their\n\nlevel of risk (i.e. 1 \u2013 feel safe at all times and 5 \u2013 fear for well-being). This enabled the collection\n\nof information around protection concerns in a safe manner, without jeopardizing the respondents\u2019\n\nsafety.\n\n\nComplementary to the 3% that observe increase in domestic violence, it is noted that **78% of**\n\n**overall respondents feel safe at home at all times, whereas 16% feel safe most of the time** .\n\nThose who stated that they do not feel safe at home or fear for their well-being are below 2% in\n\ntotal. However, due to limitations of conducting interviews over the phone and in consideration of\n\nthe do no harm principle, safety was used to replace SGBV terminology. However, due to\n\nlimitations of conducting interviews over the phone and in consideration of the do no harm\n\nprinciple, enumerators did not seek to identify incidents therefore safety related questions may\n\nhave been interpreted as safety from COVID-19 only.\n\n\n\nIn terms of support mechanism, 38% seek\n\nsupport from the police when they\n\nencounter a protection problem. As a first\nchoice option, 42% of male respondents\n\nstate they seek support from the police,\n\ncompared to 35% of female respondents\n\nwho would seek support through family\n\nmembers. This is also the case for female\n\nheads of households. On the other hand,\n\nonly 10% of all respondents stated they\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment findings", - "confidence": 0.9749036431312561, - "start": 64, - "end": 66 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8487638235092163, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "would seek support through UN agencies and NGOs when faced with a problem. For the latter,\n\nsome substantial differences were found between the nationalities. Over 45% of Iranian and\n\nAfghan nationals would rely on UN agencies, whereas 32% rely on NGOs. Only 4% of Syrians\n\nstated to seek support from UN agencies. Interestingly, 10% stated that they would not seek\n\nsupport from anyone when they encounter a problem.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Conclusions\n\nOverall, many of the findings of the IA assessment are in alignment with the outcomes of other\n\nassessments conducted by humanitarian actors in Turkey during the COVID-19 period.\n\n\nIn general, most respondents have received high levels of information and developed an\n\nawareness around COVID-19 and measures taken by the Government, both at perceived and\n\nactual levels.\n\n\nDespite the negative impact of COVID-19 on the operational capacity of service providers, many\n\nrefugees (66%) were able to access essential services during this period. It is identified that a\n\nsignificant group did not attempt to access particularly health services due to fear of COVID-19\n\ntransmission.\n\n\nDivergence in findings around access to remote education was identified between the inter\nagency assessment and other assessments, where the inter-agency assessment observed\n\nhigher levels of continued access compared to others.\n\n\nThe impact of the pandemic was most clearly felt in the livelihoods of individuals, where most\n\nrespondents (84%) reported that their job status and conditions deteriorated throughout this\n\nperiod. Against this, it is noted that many refugees continue to depend on humanitarian\n\nassistance. However, many of the households unable to meet their needs do not receive any\n\nassistance.\n\n\nFindings indicate that the majority of the respondents did experience deteriorated protection\n\nsituations and are concerned that this will affect their relationships and communication within their\n\nhouseholds. Due to the limitations and purpose of the survey, the enumerators did not identify\n\nand/or probe into individual protection concerns.\n\n### Way Forward\n\n\nThe assessment is not meant to be a one-off exercise, rather, a continuous one that will aim to\n\ninform programming and response within the protection sector and beyond. Considering the high\n\nlevels of motivation within the sector and the positive environment created by the facilitation of a\n\njoint assessment, the exercise will be carried out on a quarterly basis. The continuity of\n\nsubsequent rounds will also allow for the sector to compare findings and analyse trends.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IA assessment", - "confidence": 0.9981048107147217, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.9811351299285889, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5450109243392944, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "other\n\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.7130897641181946, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.9189374446868896, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "COVID-19 period", - "confidence": 0.738068163394928, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9743897318840027, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7931757569313049, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "enumerators", - "confidence": 0.883941113948822, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.60206139087677, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on lessons learnt and consultations with sector partners which conducted phone interviews\n\nfor the joint assessment, certain elements will require revision. These include the following:\n\n\n - The questionnaire will be revised, especially around translation of protection terminology;\n\nlength of questionnaire and interviews; clarification for certain questions;\n\n - Enumerators will be provided written guidance and receive training by UNHCR Inter\nAgency and Information Management units;\n\n - The questionnaire will be translated into additional languages;\n\n - In line with contextual changes, the questionnaire will also be revised to not only focus on\n\nneeds and impact of COVID-19, but also general and sensitive protection issues.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "phone interviews", - "confidence": 0.542974054813385, - "start": 11, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22ca4f44-53a5-35af-b5b2-d198f07ff024/Inter-Agency%20Protection%20Sector%20Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_454/raw/doc_454_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_454/raw/doc_454_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 62830820aa17a48f6b9e5131bc55f84d35f792be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_454/raw/doc_454_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,274 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16\n\n\n# TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nOVERVIEW OF SUPPORT TO LEBANESE HOST COMMUNITIES\nAND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE SIXTH REGIONAL RESPONSE PLAN\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nWATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nPUBLIC HEALTH\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nEDUCATION\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nMUNICIPAL AND COMMUNITY SUPPORT\nPROGRAMMES AND LIVELIHOODS\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nPROTECTION, CHILD PROTECTION, AND SEXUAL\nAND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nFOOD SECURITY\n......................................................................................................\n\n\nSHELTER\n......................................................................................................\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n# SUPPORT TO LEBANESE HOST COMMUNITIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS\n#### UNDER THE SIXTH REGIONAL RESPONSE PLAN (RRP6 - 2014)\n\n\n\nLebanon has shown extraordinary generosity in hosting a\nrecord number of refugee children, women and men from\nSyria into Lebanon. Over a million refugees registered\nwith UNHCR live in over 1,170 communities across the\ncountry. This dramatic surge in population has strained\npublic services and infrastructure that were already\nfragile before the Syrian crisis. The profound economic,\nsocial, and environmental impact of the crisis in Syria on\nLebanon is evident in both rural and urban communities.\n\n\nUnder the sixth Regional Response Plan (RRP6), 1\ncovering the year 2014, the international community\nrecognized the need to increase support to Lebanese\nhost communities to help them cope with the large\nnumbers of refugees.\n\n\nAn estimated USD 171.2 million equivalent to 19.6% of\nthe resources mobilized for the implementation of the\nRRP6 has been directed to institutional and community 2\nsupport.\n\n\nThis document presents an overview of the key results\nachieved with support from RRP6 partners, including UN\nagencies, NGOs and donors, to help Lebanon ease the\nburden of the large presence of refugees from Syria . 3\n\n\nThe main UN Agencies contributing to this support to\nLebanese host communities are UNICEF, UNHCR, UNDP,\nas well as WHO and FAO, thanks to the support from the\nEuropean Union, the United States, the United Kingdom,\nGermany, and Canada.\n\n\nNATIONAL-LEVEL SUPPORT\n\n\nFrom the outset of the Syrian crisis, humanitarian actors\nhave worked in support to Lebanese communities and\ninstitutions that have been at the forefront of the response\nto the needs of Syrian refugees and vulnerable Lebanese.\nInternational partners worked and continue to work\nclosely with line ministries to identify areas of engagement\nin line with national priorities and programmes. To this\nend, USD 77.9 million - or 46% of the USD 171.2\nmillion mobilized for host communities \u2013 was invested in\nprogrammes aimed at supporting public institutions both\nat central and governorate levels.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n\nThe above support to Lebanese Government ministries\nand programmes has significantly contributed to\nthe projects identified under Track 1 and 2 of the\nGovernment\u2019s Stabilization Roadmap of Priority\n##### USD 74.9 million\nInterventions from the Syrian conflict issued in November\n2013 and updated in September 2014.\n\nJanuary // October\n\nCOMMUNITY-LEVEL SUPPORT2014\n\n\nEfforts to mitigate the pressure placed on local\ncommunities as a result of the Syrian crisis accelerated\nin 2014. These efforts targeted communities with the\nhighest concentration of Lebanese poor who were hosting\nlarge numbers of refugees. The projects aimed to enhance\npublic services, mitigate the negative effects of the refugee\npresence and prevent tensions between populations.\n\n\nProjects such as extending water\nnetworks; equipping municipalities with\nwaste collection trucks; rehabilitating\nschools and health centres; and the\nconstruction of local markets are only a\nfew examples.\n\n\nThe total investments directly impacting Lebanese\ncommunities hosting large numbers of refugees amount to\nUSD 93.3 million (or 54% of the total funds mobilized for\nsupporting host communities). This includes 244 municipal\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\n\nand community support projects implemented rapidly to\nmeet the needs of host communities. Details on these and\nother investment are described in the following chapters.\n\nIMPACT ON THE LEBANESE\nECONOMY\n\n\n\nUN agencies are conducting a study to assess the impact\nof humanitarian aid flows on the Lebanese economy. It\nis estimated that, during 2014, actual spending by the\nlargest UN agencies amounted to USD 800 million. The 4\ninput\u2013output model utilized to conduct the study suggests\nthat the injection of USD 800 million worth of international\nassistance in 2014 will generate a GDP growth of 1.28 per\ncent, assuming that all other things remain equal in the\nLebanese economy. The model also predicts that every\nUSD spent on humanitarian assistance has a multiplier\nvalue of 1.6 in the economic sectors. This means that\nwhen the UN agencies disburse the USD 800 million, it\ncould create additional indirect benefits of USD 1.23 billion\nfor the Lebanese economic sectors. Similarly, a WFP\nstudy, finalized in July 2014, concluded that the economic\nimpact of food assistance on the economy resulted in a\nmultiplier of 1.5 in the food products\u2019 sector. The impact of\nhumanitarian aid on the Lebanese economy was positive\nbut did not completely mitigate the negative effect on\nLebanon\u2019s economy of the Syrian crisis . In the absence of 5\nhumanitarian aid, however, the economic situation would\nbe worse.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n(1)\n\n\n(2)\n(3)\n\n\n(4)\n(5)\n\n\n\nSupport in the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nIn sum, programmes in health, education, social services and water supply together with direct community\nsupport projects at municipal level contributed directly to addressing priority needs of Lebanese communities\nmost affected by the crisis. In 2015, the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan, an integrated plan, will aim to increase\nassistance to addressing both the humanitarian needs of the most vulnerable communities and the stabilization\nneeds of Lebanon. This means increased efforts on strengthening national institutions and public services,\nwhile targeting the 1.5 million vulnerable Lebanese through direct assistance and service delivery, community\nservices and economic recovery. One third of the new plan, USD 726 million, will target the stabilization\npriorities of Lebanon.\n\n\nThe Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) is the international response (United Nations and partner Non-Governmental Organizations) to address the impact of\nthe Syria crisis in Lebanon for refugees from Syria and vulnerable Lebanese. In addition to the RRP6, there has been a parallel and complementary response from\nmultinational and bilateral donors, both directly to the Government and to NGOs.\nTarget established unader the RRP6 to allocate funding to Lebanese host communities and public institutions is 25%.\nResults are presented for each sector and cover the January \u2013 October 2014 period. Data and information were collected thanks to the RRP6 inter-agency structure.\nUNHCR, UNICEF, WFP and UNDP.\nAccording to the World Bank September 2013 Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Syrian Conflict, the consequence of the conflict cut real GDP growth\nby 2.9 percentage points each year.\nThis project is a joint collaboration between humanitarian agencies and the World Bank and the Government of Lebanon.\nSource: Quotes from the FAO documentary movie \u201cThe Power of Resilience\u201d, November 2014 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93l3inPrmpI&feature=emupload_ownerGrazing).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP\nstudy", - "confidence": 0.8762795329093933, - "start": 380, - "end": 382 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.9764112830162048, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9502977728843689, - "start": 434, - "end": 435 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8332698941230774, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6501424312591553, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Lebanese economic sectors", - "confidence": 0.5094896554946899, - "start": 373, - "end": 376 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n# WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE\n\n\n\nThe primary aim of the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n(WASH) sector support is to reduce the risk of diseases by\nensuring the supply of basic water, sanitation and hygiene\nservices to the most vulnerable populations in Lebanon.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nSignificant investments were made in\nLebanese communities and government\ninstitutions to improve the effectiveness\nand reliability of water and sanitation\nprovision.\n\n\nIn 2014, 1,027,752 Lebanese benefitted from investments\nin communal water infrastructure. Projects may be new\ndevelopments or support to existing community or\nWater Establishment infrastructure. Typical infrastructure\ninvestment involved supply of generators and accessories,\nsupply of chlorination systems, water pumps, reservoirs\nand distribution networks. In Mount Lebanon\u2019s Chouf\ndistrict, the construction of six water reservoirs of 500,000\nlitres capacity will benefit 40,000 Lebanese. In November\nover 400,000 Lebanese benefited from the supply of\nequipment to 30 water production and distribution systems\nwith all 4 water establishments.\n\n\nIn cooperation with the Beirut and Mount Lebanon Water\nEstablishment, 19 chlorinators were installed serving the\n\n\nDrilling of borehole in Nabaa Al Qadi\nPhoto credits: CISP\n\n\n\nmost vulnerable municipalities and benefitting 114,000\nLebanese. In partnership with the North Lebanon Water\nEstablishment, 1.3 km of a 600 mm distribution line and\ncontrols were replaced to provide water to 15 villages in\nKoura with a beneficiary population of 61,000 Lebanese.\nThrough such interventions, chlorinated drinking water is\nprovided and the risk of water-borne disease is reduced\nsignificantly.\n\n\nSanitation was improved through repair and upgrading\nof sewerage networks and connecting households to the\nwaste water networks; over 40,000 Lebanese households\nbenefited in 2014, In South Lebanon the completion of\nupgrading and repairing sewage networks has ensured\nsafer sanitation for 8 municipalities including Chhim\nand Sarafand and adjacent locations. Nationally, 4,168\nhouseholds have been equipped with toilet facilities.\nAdditional support was provided in terms of supply of\nsludge trucks for transporting and disposal of septic tank\nwaste in targeted municipalities.\nSolid waste management was also supported through the\nprovision of household and communal solid waste bins\nand the supply of trucks for the collection of solid waste;\nto date over 195,000 Lebanese households benefited from\nthese activities. In Baalbek, 135,000 people benefited from\na solid waste programme comprised of 2,469 household\nbins (200 L), and the procurement of five garbage trucks or\ncompactors to the Unions of Municipalities. Similar projects\nare ongoing in Bekaa, Nabatieh, North Lebanon and South\nLebanon.\n\n\nINCREASING WATER SUPPLY\n\nIN MAJDLAYA\n\n\nThe Nabaa Al Qadi spring in the Zgharta\ndistrict was running dry. WASH partners\ndrilled a new borehole at the pumping\nstation and equipped it with a pump\nand supply pipes to deliver water to the\nMajdlaya municipality water reservoir. As\na result, the daily availability of drinking\nwater was increased by 150 litres per\nperson benefitting 30,000 Lebanese in\nfourteen villages.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n\nRESPONDING TO\nWATER SCARCITY\n\n\nTHE UNUSUALLY DRY AND MILD WINTER OF\n\n\n2013/14, IN ADDITION TO THE INCREASED\n\n\nDEMAND FOR WATER DUE TO THE INCREASE\n\n\nIN POPULATION, LED TO AN AGGRAVATED\n\n\nNATIONAL WATER DEFICIT IN SUMMER AND\n\n\nAUTUMN. WASH ACTORS WORKED TO\n\n\nREDUCE THE IMPACT OF WATER SCARCITY\n\n\nTHROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FIFTEEN\n\n\nPRIORITY PROJECTS OF A TOTAL VALUE OF\n\n\n$ 4.5 MILLION. THE PROJECTS WERE VETTED\n\n\nBY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER,\n\n\nTO BE IN LINE WITH ITS STRATEGIC PLAN,\n\n\nOF TARGETING HIGH RISK, VULNERABLE\n\n\nCOMMUNITIES. A TOTAL OF 95,160 LEBANESE\n\n\nBENEFITTED FROM THESE INTERVENTIONS.\n\n\nTHE WATER SCARCITY PROJECTS IMPROVED\n\n\nWATER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION\n\n\nCAPACITY IN THE TARGETED COMMUNITIES.\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\n\nNew water distribution pipe in Koura\nPhoto credits - CISP\n\n\n\nWASH in the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nWASH sector planning is conducted with the Ministry of Energy and Water, the Ministry of Public Health, the\nfour Water Establishments and municipalities to ensure it is consistent with, and supportive of, the national\nstrategies for water and sanitation. The WASH sector will continue with its current approach and increase the\nemphasis on sustainable projects and interventions in water, sanitation and hygiene promotion for the benefit of\nthe most vulnerable and support and improve national water and sanitation services.\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd To enhance water efficiency at household level.\n\ufffd\ufffd To increase the level of safe water treatment and quality monitoring.\n\ufffd\ufffd To promote awareness of water scarcity issue and appropriate response.\n\ufffd\ufffd To mitigate disposal of wastewater into environment/public areas.\n\ufffd\ufffd To work with Water Establishments and municipalities to boost capacity and resources available for\nimproving wastewater management.\n\ufffd\ufffd To promote good hygiene practices through multiple communication methods (hygiene promotion, schools,\nwomen\u2019s groups, youth groups, mass media campaigns), while increasing beneficiary participation and\ndecision making through community-led behaviour change methods.\n\ufffd\ufffd To ensure integrated health, education, and WASH disease monitoring and awareness raising campaigns in\ncollaboration with the government authorities.\n\ufffd\ufffd In line with the planned polio immunization campaigns, to promote hygiene messaging for children and\ncommunities.\n\ufffd\ufffd To establish and promote acute watery diarrhoea preparedness and response plan with the health sector.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n# PUBLIC HEALTH\n\n\n\nThe primary aim of the Health sector is to support the\nnational health system to improve its resilience and enable\nit to cope with the increased demand in health services.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nIn close cooperation with the Ministry of Public Health\n(MoPH), Lebanon\u2019s health care system has been\ncapacitated in the following three categories:\n\n\n1. Improved Monitoring and Control of\nCommunicable Diseases\n\n\nThe national epidemiology and surveillance system was\nimproved for timely detection of diseases. 1304 health\ncare workers were trained to detect, treat and prevent\ninfectious diseases to the benefit of all communities. 11\nstaff were recruited to support MoPH in Communicable\nDisease Surveillance.\nDue to the increased risk of cholera and diarrheal disease\noutbreaks, kits were distributed to hospitals across\nLebanon to cover the needs of 24,000 patients. 1 million\nchlorine tablets were provided in areas most at risk of\nwater borne diseases. The referral lab at Beirut Rafic Hariri\nUniversity hospital and seven public hospital labs were\ncapacitated to monitor water quality to alert in the event of\nany potential infectious disease outbreaks.\nRehabilitation of water laboratories was completed to\nconduct water tests for municipality water in Beirut,\nTripoli, Baalbek, Dahr El Bachek and Halba Governmental\nhospitals. In Rafic Hariri Governmental University Hospital,\n4 negative pressure rooms were rehabilitated to be used\nfor isolation of patients with communicable diseases, in\naddition to 4 other rooms at Baalbek, Bent Jbeil, Baabda\nand Tripoli Governmental hospitals.\n\n\n2. Increased Access to primary health\ncare services by Lebanese patients\n\n\nOver USD 6 million pharmaceuticals and supplies were\nprocured for Primary Health Care centres (PHCs):\n50 emergency health kits containing life-saving medicines,\nintravenous fluids and surgical supplies were made\navailable to 25 health care centers across Lebanon to\nbenefit around 500,000 patients. Additionally, 30 surgical\nkits were distributed to public hospitals to support\n3,000 patients. Medications for chronic diseases to\nprimary healthcare centers were made available for a\ntotal of 150,000 patients suffering from hypertension,\ncardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, diabetes, asthma,\nmental health and other chronic health conditions.\n102,376 insulin vials were provided to serve around 500\n\n\n\nLebanese diabetic patients in need.\n\n\nOver USD 1 million to purchase 6,200 items of medical\nequipment was provided to 180 PHCs and selected\nhospitals, which resulted in reinforced capacity and\nenabled a 40 per cent increase in the utilization of health\nservices, representing around 400,000 patients.\n\n\nTo address the need for mental health care in vulnerable\nhost communities, training was conducted in 45 PHCs\nand on mental health and psychological first aid in 30\ncentres across Lebanon. 106 Lebanese health care\nproviders (doctors, nurses, social workers) were trained\non the assessment, management, follow-up and referral of\nmental health conditions.\n\n\nDelivery insulin batches to the Ministry of Public Health Karantina\nwarehouse.\nPhoto credits: WHO Lebanon\n\n\nTHE MOTHER AND\nCHILD HEALTH CARE\nINITIATIVE\n\n\nWAS LAUNCHED AT THE RACHAYA\n\n\nGOVERNMENTAL HOSPITAL AND IN THE RAFIC\n\n\nHARIRI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN SEPTEMBER\n\n\n2014. THIS INITIATIVE ALLOWS 350 LEBANESE\n\n\nWOMEN IN NEED TO BENEFIT FROM PRENATAL,\n\n\nDELIVERY AND POSTNATAL HEALTHCARE\n\n\nSERVICES FREE OF CHARGE, IN ADDITION TO\n\n\nHEALTHCARE SERVICES TO THEIR OFFSPRING\n\n\nUP TO TWO YEARS OF AGE.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### KEY NUMBERS:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n180\n\n\n$ 6 m\n\n\n$ 92 m\n\n\n\nPRIMARY HEAL TH CARE CENTERS\n\nPROVIDED MEDICAL SUPPLIES AND\n\nEQUIPMEN T\n\n\nPOLIO CAMP AIGNS HA VE HELPED\n\nLEBANON REMAIN POLIO FREE.\n\n\nIN PHARMACEUTICALS AND\n\nSUPPLIES PROCURED.\n\n\nREQUESTED BY THE HE ALTH\n\nSECTOR FOR ST ABILIZATION\n\nACTIVITIES IN 2015.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTo reinforce the MoPH capacity to deliver services, a total\nof 90 staff were recruited to support the MoPH in the\nfollowing domains:\n\n\n- 32 staff for the communicable diseases, epidemiology\nand surveillance services\n\n- 15 staff for the PHC and Maternal and Child Health\nDepartments\n\n- 40 nurses and midwives for PHCs in vulnerable areas\n\n- 3 staff to lead the project for \u2018Support to Conflict\nReduction through Improving Health Services in the\nContext of the Syrian Crisis.\u2019\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\n\nPrimary Health Care centres and hospitals\nrehabilitated and equipped in 2014\n\n\n3. Increased vaccination coverage\n\n\nNational immunization programmes were strengthened\nthrough management support, and procurement of\nsupplies and vaccines - including support to the national\ntuberculosis programme and its facilities. All children\nunder five years benefit from nation-wide immunization\ncampaigns against polio (268,711 Lebanese children\nin October 2014 alone), measles, and rubella and also\nfrom Vitamin A supplementation. Vaccination campaign\nplanning and the training of nearly 4,200 vaccinators\nwere undertaken. The polio routine and campaign\nimmunizations have helped Lebanon remain polio free and\nmaintained the polio coverage above 96 per cent.\n\n\n\nHealth in the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nThe appeal for the Health sector for 2015 includes USD 92 million under the stabilization component, which is\nexpected to benefit the Lebanese healthcare system, as follows:\n\n- Increase activities to strengthen the capacity of the Lebanese national health system, including capacity\ndevelopment of health sector workers.\n\n- Over 900,000 vulnerable Lebanese will be targeted by the health sector next year, in particular to address\nhealth issues of youth, elderly and most vulnerable women.\n\n- Continue support to the Early Warning and Response System, including further expansion to the private\nsector. Develop a larger network of PHCs and hospitals and operationalize water monitoring labs.\n\n- Continue to support the PHCs system, including: prevention and control of communicable diseases and\nimmunization; maternal and child health care; reproductive health; chronic and non-communicable disease\nmanagement; and mental health support. 920 PHCs and 66 hospitals will be targeted.\n\n- Provide support to an over-burdened national health system through the procurement of essential medicines\nand equipment; early warning systems; capacity building; and technical support; and, reassessing outbreak\nrisks and stockpiling necessary medical supplies accordingly.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n# EDUCATION\n\n\n\nThe Education sector aims to provide access to quality\neducation for all children and to strengthen national\neducation policies and systems.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nEducation partners have supported the Ministry of\nEducation and Higher Education in developing \u2018Reaching\nAll Children with Education in Lebanon\u2019, (RACE) an\nambitious plan which lays out the education strategy for\nthe next three years. The plan, launched in June 2014,\nfocuses on providing opportunities to access education\nfor Syrian children, and seeks to ensure that all children\nin the public education system benefit from strengthening\nthe education system through better learning spaces,\nequipment in schools, teaching and learning materials,\nincluding textbooks for all children in public schools. The\nplan also foresees quality system improvement in oversight\nand support to teachers.\n\n\nIn 2014, partners supported the capacity of 2,688 staff\nand teachers of the Ministry of Education and Higher\nEducation in areas such as active learning, classroom\nmanagement, language and positive discipline. Six\nregional offices of the Ministry were provided with vehicles\nand computers, for a total value of USD 791,684.\n105 schools were rehabilitated for a total amount of\nUSD 3.7 million. The rehabilitation included upgrading of\ntoilet blocks and sanitation facilities. Furthermore, a total\nof 1,300 computers, printers and UPSs were provided\n\n\n\nto public schools for a total value of USD 1.6 million,\nand all public schools were served with school-in-a-box\nstationary support. 270 public schools above 400m of\naltitude have received a contribution of fuel for heating\nto keep pupils in warm classrooms during the 2013-14\nschool year. For winter 2014-15, support will be increased\nto reach 600 schools, which will receive fuel for heating\nworth USD 1 million.\n\n\nFor the academic year 2013-2014,\na two-shift system was introduced\nin 80 schools across Lebanon to\naccommodate the increase in student\npopulation, representing a total\ninvestment of more than USD 19 million\nfor academic year 2013-14.\n\n\nThis amount also covered payment of salaries teachers\nto teach in the afternoon shift. Partners also provided\ndirect support to the most vulnerable Lebanese children.\n33,043 Lebanese children benefited from access to\nformal and non-formal learning programmes. Support\nwas provided through payment of the enrolment fees for\n24,600 Lebanese students in public schools, totalling USD\n3,400,390 for 2013-2014 school year and non-formal\neducation programmes. Also, investments were made to\nprovide school supplies to Lebanese children, for a total\namount of USD 1,275,000.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n\nEl Khodr Intermediate Public School \u2013 Baalback\nPhoto credits: UNICEF\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n# MUNICIPAL & COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAMMES & LIVELIHOODS\n\n\n\nThe sector aims to support the most affected municipalities\nand communities by enhancing services to reduce the\nimpact of the refugee presence and the tensions and\nstress from the impact of the Syrian conflict, particularly\nthrough the provision of basic services and the\nimprovement of self-reliance and livelihoods.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nEfforts have focused on supporting host communities and\nmunicipalities to cope with the impact of the demographic,\nsocial and economic shocks of the Syrian conflict. 244\nmunicipal and community support projects, addressing\nthe immediate needs of host communities and sources of\ntension, were completed or are nearing completion in 197\ncommunities, where 1.25 million Lebanese reside. Through\nthese projects, USD 20.2 million has been invested to\nmeet priorities of water supply, waste management,\ninfrastructure, health, education and livelihoods which were\nidentified as possible sources of tension at the community\nlevel.\n\n\nMunicipal and community support projects are identified\n\n###### KEY NUMBERS:\n\n\n\ncollaboratively with municipalities, communities and line\nministries to produce rapid results. They have helped to\nreduce the added strain of the large presence of refugees\non basic services, livelihoods, and natural resources at\nthe community level. Also, many projects have brought\nservices to the community that had been required prior to\nthe crisis.\n\n\nIn addition, the sector places a strong emphasis on\nfacilitating participatory processes at the local level for host\ncommunities and local institutions to discuss priority needs\nand identify and mitigate sources of tensions. 84 local\ncommittees were established in 2014, all of which will yield\nfurther project identification and development to respond\nto priority needs and prevent potential conflict.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n244\n\n\n$ 20 m\n\n\n$ 284.3 m\n\n\n145,000\n\n\n\nMUNICIPAL AND COMMUNITY\n\nSUPPORT PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED IN\n\n2014 FOR USD 20.2.\n\n\nINVESTED TO MEET PRIORITY NEEDS\n\nOF HOST COMMUNITIES.\n\n\nREQUESTED BY THE SECTOR FOR\n\nSTABILIZATION ACTIVITIES IN 2015.\n\nVULNERABLE LEBANESE BENEFITTING\n\nFROM IMPROVED ACCESS TO WASTE\n\nWATER F ACILITY\n\n\nLEBANESE T ARGETED FOR\n\nLIVELIHOODS PROGRAMMES IN 2015.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\") Support to Municipal Service Delivery\n\n\n#* Peace Building Mechanisms\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSupport to municipalities in 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n\nThe Ministry of Social Affairs has played a key role in this\nrespect and leads the implementation of \u2018maps of risks\nand resources\u2019 in an additional 100 municipalities, a\nparticipatory exercise which enables host communities and\nmunicipalities to jointly draft multi-sector action plans to\nbuild on existing community resources to address the key\nchallenges and main risks in the community.\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\nMunicipal and Community\nSupport and Livelihoods in the\nLebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nIn 2015, the support to municipalities will be scaled\nup through larger projects that will aim to reduce the\npressure on public services. The sector will support\nup to 200 municipalities, 12 Unions of Municipalities\nand 38 Social Development Centres to respond to\nthe crisis and to rising tensions and pressures on\nbasic services, through capacity building and the\nimplementation of 550 municipal and community\nsupport projects. USD 114 million has been requested\nto implement these priority projects. A further USD 8\nmillion has been requested to strengthen the capacity\nof national government institutions to mitigate\ntensions, including the Ministries of Interior and\nMunicipalities, Social Affairs, Education and Higher\nEducation, and the security forces.\n\n\n\nDespite the recognition towards maintaining and improving\nlivelihoods and jobs creation of Lebanese families that have\nbeen severely impacted, only limited donor funding was\nmade available to programmes that promote job creation\nfor Lebanese women and men. 2,272 Lebanese benefitted\nfrom income generation opportunities and 4,328 Lebanese\nbenefitted from vocational training support in 2014.\n\n\nJob creation has been prioritized through rapid\nemployment initiatives; programmes for micro, small\nand medium enterprises, notably developing the\nskills of Lebanese youth to match market demands;\nand support to the Government in promoting local\neconomic development. 97,700 Lebanese will be\nengaged in rapid income generation initiatives,\nrehabilitating infrastructure and other community\npriorities in 200 villages. Also, USD 37.7 million has\nbeen requested to support 5,000 micro, small and\nmedium enterprises to create up to 10,000 new\njobs for Lebanese, through provision of business\nmanagement training, financial services, start-up\ngrants, and technology transfer. In addition, the\nsector will support upgrading of twenty value chains.\nFinally, USD 13.6 million is requested to support\nthe Ministries of Social Affairs, Economy and Trade,\nIndustry, Labor, and Education and Higher Education\nto develop and implement policies and plans\nsupporting job creation and livelihoods.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n# PROTECTION, CHILD PROTECTION, AND SEXUAL AND GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE\n\n\n\nThe aim of the Protection sector is to strengthen\ncommunity empowerment and outreach and provide\nassistance to persons with specific needs. Child\nProtection partners aim to protect all vulnerable children\nfrom violence, exploitation, abuse, and neglect through\nequitable access to services. Sexual and Gender-Based\nViolence (SGBV) partners aim to strengthen services,\nsystems and policies to prevent and respond to sexual and\ngender-based violence.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nThe sector has increased provision of social services in\nLebanon through support to the Ministry of Social Affairs\nsocial development centres, the establishment of case\nmanagement systems and the development of a strategy\nto ensure that women and children are protected from\nviolence, exploitation, and abuse.\n\n\n66 Social Development Centers affiliated with the Ministry\nof Social Affairs received aid valued at USD 2.5 million\nto provide psychosocial support, counseling and referral\nservices to both Lebanese and refugees. The capacity of\nsocial workers within these Social Development Centers\nhas been strengthened through mentoring, coaching, and\ntraining programmes.\n\n\n\n28 Community Development Centres were set up to\nprovide safe and public spaces for community members\nto access information, learn through education, attend\nskill-building classes and meet for social and recreational\nactivities.\n\n\nCase management systems and tools are being developed\nand strengthened with the Ministry of Social Affairs, with\ntechnical guidance and support from Child Protection and\nSGBV actors. The use and implementation of such tools\nwill improve delivery of these services to children in need\nthroughout Lebanon. A consistent component of SGBV\nprogramming has been capacity building of institutions,\nnational organizations, services providers and frontline\nworkers. On average, 200 services providers and frontline\nworkers were trained each month, approximately 85 per\ncent of them Lebanese nationals. Training has also been\nprovided to frontline workers on the prevention of and\nresponse to gender-based violence. 254 health service\nproviders from 29 health facilities were trained on the\nclinical management of rape. A comprehensive training\npackage is offered on medical protocol and knowledge\non SGBV, other services available for survivors, attitudes\nand beliefs. The emergency child protection emergency\ncase management system has sought to mitigate risks\nand prevent incidents of violence, exploitation, abuse, and\nneglect. Over 2,000 social workers were provided with\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n\ncoaching and mentoring to discuss the highly difficult and\ncomplex cases they are responsible for in trying to assist\nchildren exposed to multiple risks and vulnerabilities.\n\n\nAll of these initiatives will leave an enduring contribution to\nLebanon\u2019s child protection framework and instruments to\nprotect SGBV survivors and women-at-risk.\n\n\nThe sector also has addressed the protection needs of\nvulnerable Lebanese as most community empowerment\nactivities and all child protection and SGBV services are\nalready fully available to Lebanese children, women and\nmen.\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd In 2014, almost 21,000 Lebanese benefitted from\nservices provided by the Social Development Centres\nevery month; more than to 5,000 Lebanese benefitted\nfrom life skills training.\n\ufffd\ufffd Since January, more than 6,000 Lebanese women\nand girls visited one of the 70 safe areas/facilities\nestablished across Lebanon to allow them to safely\nseek support and/or disclose violence. Women and\ngirls have seized the possibility to access information\nabout services, and increase their knowledge on topics,\nsuch as sexual and reproductive health, child care, or\nhuman rights.\n\ufffd\ufffd The ability to access services is also linked to\nawareness raising activities. More than 18,000\nLebanese have benefited from information\ndissemination and sensitization campaigns.\n\ufffd\ufffd Support has been provided to 2,500 Lebanese women\nand girls through distribution of dignity kits to ensure\nthat women and adolescent girls have basic hygiene,\nclothing, and protection items to support their daily\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\n\nmobility and function.\n\ufffd\ufffd 30,568 Lebanese children participated in psychosocial\nsupport offered by child protection actors, and 10,408\nLebanese caregivers benefited from psychosocial\nsupport programmes aimed at helping parents and\nguardians better support the wellbeing of their families\nand children.\n\ufffd\ufffd At least 439 Lebanese children at risk of violence,\nneglect, exploitation, and abuse received individual\nassistance through the emergency child protection\ncase management system.\n\ufffd\ufffd Over 2,800 Lebanese persons were provided with\nindividual legal counselling.\n\n\n\nProtection, Child Protection and SGBV in the Lebanon Crisis\nResponse Plan\n\n\nThe funding requirement for protection activities includes USD 48 million for interventions that directly\ncontribute to the strengthening of systems and capacity of institutions. Most of these funds are requested for\ncommunity empowerment activities. In 2015, the target population for community empowerment activities\nincludes over 90,000 Lebanese adults. Nearly 107,000 Lebanese children and 22,000 Lebanese caregivers\nwill receive psychosocial support programmes, while 24,000 Lebanese adolescents will participate in life-skills\nprogrammes. The government and public institutions will continue to be supported through the following:\n\n\ufffd\ufffd Coaching of 784 social workers of the Ministry of Social Affairs.\n\ufffd\ufffd Capacity development and support to community-based organizations and 76 Social Development Centers\n(infrastructure, staffing, equipment).\n\ufffd\ufffd Capacity development for 1,150 judiciary, legal, security and health actors.\n\ufffd\ufffd The development and endorsement of national guidelines for alternative care arrangements for children in\nLebanon, including minimum standards for institutions providing interim care, such as emergency shelters\nand orphanages.\n\ufffd\ufffd The endorsement by the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Justice of the operating protocols for\nthe national case management system, which will complement but exceed the breadth and scope of the\nemergency system already endorsed.\n\ufffd\ufffd The development and endorsement of a national information management system that will support the\nconfidentiality and efficiency of the case management system by providing a centralized, electronic database\nfor all children being provided care within the case management system.\n\ufffd\ufffd The development of a national curriculum on child protection intended for social workers to strengthen the\nskills of professionals working in public institutions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national information management system", - "confidence": 0.9886142015457153, - "start": 613, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.5394954085350037, - "start": 635, - "end": 636 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14\n\n\n# FOOD SECURITY\n\n\n\nThe objective of the sector is to ensure food security for\nrefugees from Syria and vulnerable Lebanese; and, to\nrestore agricultural livelihoods of vulnerable rural Lebanese\ncommunities.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nIn November 2014, implementation of the e-card food\nassistance programme under the emergency National\nPoverty Targeting Programme (NPTP) began, targeting\n27,200 vulnerable Lebanese. This service is modelled on\nthe e-card food assistance programme for refugees from\nSyria, and allows families to buy food in designated shops.\nAs part of this initiative, the food security sector is training\nover 80 officials and social workers from the Ministry of\nSocial Affairs and representatives from the Presidency\nof the Council of Ministers in e-card service delivery, pre\nassistance and post-distribution monitoring.\n\n\nThis emergency component of the\nNational Poverty Targeting Programme\nwill continue in 2015 and expand to\nreach up to 33,000 beneficiaries . 6\n\n\nSocial safety nets, like the National Poverty Targeting\nProgramme, play a crucial role in helping the most\nvulnerable households and communities to manage risks\nand cope with shocks, such as the impact of the Syrian\ncrisis and the increase in population density.\n\n\nLebanese local economies are positively impacted by the\nprovision of food assistance to refugees from Syria. In fact,\ne-cards offer a quick and efficient mechanism to deliver\nfood assistance to beneficiaries.\n\n\nA WFP study dated July 2014\nindicated that this system has resulted\nin a doubling of revenues in 300\nparticipating stores and the creation of\n1,300 jobs.\n\n\nIn addition, the input-output model suggested that the\nmultiplier is 1.51 in the food products sector. . In 2014,\nrefugees from Syria spent a total of USD 272 million\n\n\n\nthrough e-cards in over 380 designated Lebanese owned\nshops across the country as part of the food assistance\nprogramme.\n\n\nWith respect to restoring agricultural\nlivelihoods, Lebanese rural communities\nbenefited from a national blanket\nlivestock vaccination of 95 per cent of\nall cattle, goat and sheep between April\nand August 2014.\n\n\nFarmers from the Bekaa, North Lebanon and South\nLebanon stated that the support was crucial for them to\nkeep their cattle alive. The vaccines and drugs provided\nled to a decrease in diseases and encouraged farmers to\nbuy more cattle . 7\n\n\nIn addition, over 1,200 metric tons of concentrated\nlivestock feed and veterinary medicines were distributed\nto 900 vulnerable Lebanese small-scale livestock\nherders in North Lebanon. The project also involves\n160 veterinary professionals to train livestock owners to\nimprove surveillance and control of Trans-boundary Animal\nDiseases. Finally, 37 dairy cooperatives serving 3,500\nfarmers received technical training and equipment and\n300 women were trained on processing of dairy products\nand were provided with basic equipment.\n\n\nVeterinary expert vaccinating a cow during the animal vaccination\ncampaign\nPhoto credits: FAO\n\n\n\n(6)\n(7)\n\n\n\nThis project is a joint collaboration between humanitarian agencies and the World Bank and the Government of Lebanon.\nSource: Quotes from the FAO documentary movie \u201cThe Power of Resilience\u201d, November 2014.\n(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93l3inPrmpI&feature=em-upload_ownerGrazing)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15\n\n\n###### KEY NUMBERS:\n\n\n\n1,300\n\n\n95 %\n\n\n$ 62.4 m\n\n\n\nJOBS CREATED IN STORES\n\nPARTICIPATING IN FOOD\n\nASSISTANCE\n\n\nOF ALL CATTLE IN LEBANON\n\nVACCINATED\n\n\nREQUESTED BY THE FOOD\n\nSECURITY SECTOR FOR STABILIZA\nTION ACTIVITIES IN 2015\n\n\n\nFood Security Map of WFP contracted Shops\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\n\n\nLebanese woman receiving an e-card to benefit from food assistance\nunder the NPTP\nPhoto credits: WFP\n\n\n\nFood security in the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nThe Food Security sector is requesting USD 62.4 million under the stabilization component. The Food Security\nsector will continue to support the Government of Lebanon in scaling up of the National Poverty Targeting\nProgramme monthly food assistance component for vulnerable Lebanese, through capacity development\nand the e-card system. The Government of Lebanon has appealed for funding to reach an additional 78,000\nvulnerable Lebanese with food assistance by December 2015. The number of shops participating in the food\nassistance programme will be expanded to 1,000 by the end of 2015. The sector will continue to work with the\nMinistry of Agriculture to enhance food safety measures and policies and expand its programmes to support\nrural Lebanese communities to improve the resilience and food security of affected Lebanese farmers through:\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd Enhancement of the food safety measures and policies and upgrade of its programmes.\n\ufffd\ufffd Promotion of sustainable family farming so as to increase productivity, while carefully managing available\nnatural resources, such as water and land. The sector plans to train 35,450 Lebanese small-scale farmers in\nclimate smart agriculture technologies (such as conservation farming) and food safety and quality standards.\n\ufffd\ufffd Training of 18,350 individuals in post-harvest handling and preservation/processing of agricultural products.\n\ufffd\ufffd Analysis of local food assistance-linked value chains and promotion of access to retail markets by vulnerable\nlocal farmers.\n\ufffd\ufffd Training of 9,600 Lebanese individuals on good nutritional practices.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n# SHELTER\n\nThe shelter sector aims at providing housing solutions\nfor refugees; in doing so, it also significantly benefits\nLebanese communities.\n\n\nRESULTS TO DATE\n\n\nOver 11,000 apartments and houses privately owned\nby Lebanese to accommodate refugees from Syria were\nrehabilitated. A host-house is rehabilitated in exchange\nfor free or reduced rental for a specific duration. This is\na win-win agreement whereby vulnerable refugees have\neasier access to affordable and adequate shelter, while\nhost communities benefit from more suitable housing in the\nlonger term.\n\n\nIn addition, in 2014, 243 large public or private buildings\nused as collective centres for refugees were rehabilitated.\n\n\nIn a non-camp context like Lebanon, the majority of\nrefugees rent their accommodation from Lebanese house\nowners. From January until late October 2014, over 21,000\n\n###### KEY NUMBERS:\n\n\n\nLebanese house owners received USD 5 million in rental\nsupport, which was extended by international partners to\nthe most vulnerable refugees to cover their rent. In addition,\nLebanese house owners receive approximately USD 32.5\nmillion per month directly from Syrians who pay rent from\ntheir own resources (USD 390 million in 2014).\n\n\n\n$ 9.3 m\n\n\n$32.5 m\n\n\n$32.2 m\n\n\n\nINVESTED IN THE REHABILITATION\n\nOF 11,000 PRIVATE HOUSES\n\n\nESTIMATED AVERAGE RENT PAID BY\n\nDISPLACED SYRIANS EACH MONTH\n\n\nREQUESTED BY THE SHELTER\n\nSECTOR FOR STABILIZATION\n\nACTIVITIES IN 2015\n\n\n##### 2015 NEXT STEPS\n\nShelter in the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan\n\n\nIn 2015, the sector will expand its focus to upgrading the living environment of poor Lebanese. This will be\ndone through an integrated neighbourhood approach targeting densely populated urban and semi-urban\nsettlements, which will benefit from upgrade of basic infrastructure, such as sidewalks, roads, and public\nspaces. Work will continue on the rehabilitation of private and public buildings and private houses owned\nby Lebanese. Furthermore, Lebanese house owners will continue to receive the rental support that is being\nextended to the most vulnerable displaced persons from Syria.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "New water reservoirs under construction in Chouf\nPhoto credits: ACTED\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CONTACT:\n\n\nLuca Renda: luca.renda@undp.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/49a1e2c6-03ba-39f3-a170-374102c77271/Inter-agencyHostCommunityTrackingSheet_full2014_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_455/raw/doc_455_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_455/raw/doc_455_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 011978d2b5947f84fedbdff111f91cd1888481a7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_455/raw/doc_455_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "http://www.uniraq.org/documents/Iraq_Refugees_Registration_Data_Analysis_LOW_300709.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_456/raw/doc_456_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_456/raw/doc_456_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7917f00e283c114b14d70e8f1c611c06e9f4f4bd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_456/raw/doc_456_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,507 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Eleven years into the Syrian crisis, refugees remain in exile as their\ncountry continues to face a protracted conflict and an overwhelming\nhumanitarian crisis. Jordanian-Syrian border has remained closed for\nnew refugees into Jordan since June 2016. Syrian refugees couldn\u2019t\nreturn to their country of origin due to the closure of borders starting\nfrom 18th of March 2020 as a preventive measure to eliminate\nthe spread of COVID-19 in the country. On 1st of October 2020,\nborders -crossings opened-up for returnees; however, only 3459\nrefugees returned to Syria by December 2020.\n\n\nAs of 31 December 2020, the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR) recorded 662,790 registered Syrian refugees\nin Jordan, a number that has remained consistent over the past\nfour-years due to the increased entry restrictions into the Kingdom.\nAmong the Syrian refugee population 26 % are women, 24.5 %\nare men, 24.1 % are girls and 25.4% are boys. Women and girls\nrepresent more than half of the refugee population (50.1%).\n\n\nIn Jordan, close to 80.7% of registered refugees live outside the\ncamps, primarily concentrated in urban and rural areas in the\nnorthern governorates of Jordan, with lesser populations in the\nsouthern governorates. The remaining Syrian refugees live in\ncamps, mainly in Zaatari Camp (\u00b178,685), Azraq Camp (\u00b142,175)\nand the Emirati Jordanian Camp (\u00b16,520). Jordan also hosts refugee\npopulations from other countries. The total number of Yemenis\nregistered with UNHCR is 14,371. They are to be added to the\nmultiple other refugee populations that Jordan hosts, including\n66,792 Iraqis, and more than 8,240 from Sudan, Somalia, and other\ncountries.\n\n\nPrior to COVID-19, refugees livelihood opportunities in Jordan were\nlimited, they relied on an informal labour market income source\n\n- predominantly daily work/casual labour. Syrian refugees can\nobtain a work permit through cooperatives or a trade union in the\nagriculture, construction and some opportunities in manufacturing\nsectors, they are still dependent on a \u201csponsor\u201d/employer in other\nsectors and \u201cdecent\u201d work conditions remain a problem. Most\nimportantly, restrictions in work sectors that has now been openedup to foreigners, excludes refugees from high-skilled and semiskilled employment, leaving many to work in the informal market\nor remain unemployed. For women, constraints are exacerbated\nby a lack of safe transportation to the workplace, disproportionate\n\n\n4 \u0007Multi-Sectoral Rapid Needs Assessment: COVID19 - Jordan - May 2020 https://\n\nreliefweb.int/report/jordan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-covid19-jordanmay-2020\n\n\n5 \u0007Guidance Note on GBV Service Provision during COVID-19 in Jordan and a forward\n\nlook to safe resume of services https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/guidance-note-gbvservice-provision-during-covid-19-jordan-a\n\n\n\nresponsibility for unpaid care and domestic work, alongside careerresistance from their family members and a perceived lack of\nculturally appropriate employment opportunities.\n\n\nOn the other hand, non-Syrian refugees are simply not allowed\nto access the formal job market in Jordan and are compelled to\nengage in informal work, leading them to constantly fear arrest\nby the authorities. The significant influx of refugees over the last\neleven years has had an impact on the capacity of national services\nand there is a need for continuous humanitarian assistance to\ncomplement national efforts. While progress has been made to\nimprove the legal status of Syrian refugees in Jordan, many barriers\nprevent access to economic opportunities, quality education and\nessential services and subsequently hampers the fulfilment of their\nrights, exacerbating vulnerability and contributing to heightened\nprotection risks, including GBV.\n\n\nDuring COVID-19, family tensions within the households increased\ndue to loss of jobs and lack of income sources. Uncertainty on\nfuture affected families\u2019 daily routine and personal space specially\nin overcrowded households. According to Multi Sectoral Rapid\nNeeds Assessment conducted during the pandemic, more than\nhalf of those surveyed who had had work before the crisis stated\nthat their ability to work has been negatively impacted (due to\ntravel restrictions and/or job loss). This negative impact extends\nto women, with only 8% working before the crisis and the majority\nreporting work disruption during the curfew [4] .\n\n\nNevertheless, women in labor market are facing additional\nchallenges related to lack of support in household activities and\npressure from employers on women to report to work without\nhaving movement permission, losing their jobs as employers most\nlikely will dismiss women from services rather than dismissing men\nor losing their income from home based businesses [5] .\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A | Sex, age and disability of GBV survivors\n\nDuring 2020, 94.1% of survivors assisted by data gathering\norganizations were female, this is in line with global GBV trends\nhighlighting that women and girls are disproportionately affected by\nGBV. This trend has been consistent across the last 4-year period.\nHome remains unsafe for women and girls, 88% of perpetrators are\nintimate partners (husbands in this context), caregivers or family\nmembers and 6.9% unknown or no relation, with other service\nproviders and community members, work supervisors representing\nvery small to negligible amounts.\n\n\nIn comparison to 2019, there is a slight increase of 1% in the\npercentage of adult male survivors reporting incidents. This change\nmight be due to establishment of a hotline to address LGBTI refugee\nneeds during COVID-19 by one of the case management agencies,\nand other efforts to increase linkages with LGBTI community based\norganizations. In terms of age and sex the most relevant change\ncompared to last year it is only 6.8% of survivors who reported GBV\nincidents were girls, comparing to 13.4% in 2019. According to the\nanalysis provided by case management agencies the movement\nrestrictions imposed because of COVID 19 affected girls particularly.\nThe drop in reporting could be related to the closure of schools,\nMakani centers and child friendly spaces/centers due to COVID-19,\nwhich resulted additional barriers for girls to move and to seek help\nand for service providers to identify and reach children survivors\nof GBV, in particular for some adolescent girls who may not have\nphones to reach out for online means or get support directly by\napproaching service providers due to family restriction on their\nmovement. Low percentage of boys and in total children survivors\ncan be explained by the fact that most of those who seek help are\n\n\n6 \u0007Women and young persons with disabilities https://www.unfpa.org/featured\npublication/women-and-young-persons-disabilities\n\n\n7 \u0007Management Sciences for Health & UNFPA, We Decide Young Persons with\n\nDisabilities: Equal Rights and a Life Free of Violence (May 2016), https://www. msh.\norg/sites/msh.org/files/ we_decide_infographic.pdf\n\n\n\nsupported by child protection actors who are not part of the GBV\nIMS Task Force as per established standard operating procedures\n(SOPs) and referral pathways.\n\n\nGay and bisexual men face increased risks of sexual violence. In\nthis context, it is important to underline that the establishment\nor strengthening of services for male survivors should not affect\nservice provision for women and girls: funding for \u201cSafe Spaces for\nWomen and Girls\u201d (SSWG) should be maintained, while additional\nfunding should be sought for interventions for male survivors.\nNevertheless, there is a need to strengthen GBV prevention and\nresponse programming to outreach Lesbian and bisexual women\nwho may expose to further risks based on their sexual orientation.\n\n\nWomen and young persons with disabilities experience the same\nforms of GBV as individuals without disabilities [6] . In fact, studies\nshow that persons with disabilities are three times more likely\nto experience physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional\nviolence than persons without disabilities [7] .\n\n\nCollected data in 2020 indicates 28% increase in GBV incidents\nreported by survivors with disabilities compared to 2019. In line\nwith previous years trend more people with physical disability\nreported incidents compared to people with mental disability.\n\n\nThis comes as a result of continues capacity building efforts by\nthe Task Force members to other humanitarian aid workers and\ncommunity based organisations staff who work with persons with\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disabilities. Trainings were mainly focusing on conducting referrals\nto specialized services in accordance with GBV guiding principles.\nOther training initiatives also took place targeting caregivers of\nchildren with disabilities aiming to raise their awareness about\navailable services and enhance outreach to those who exposed\nto GBV. Moreover, shifting case management services to remote\nmodality facilitated for some and information campaigns made\ninclusive for people with disabilities impacted positively on their\naccess to services and helped with overcoming barriers related to\nmobility and communication.\n\nB | Types of Gender Based Violence\n\n\nThe GBV IMS categorizes GBV into six broad categories: rape;\nsexual assault; physical assault; forced marriage; denial of resources/\nopportunities/services; and psychological/emotional abuse [8] .\n\n\nIn line with previous years, the main types of GBV reported were\npsychological abuse (52%), physical assault (25.5%) and denial of\nresources opportunities or services (8.6%). Mainly in the context of\ndomestic violence/intimate partner violence. Several assessments\nin Jordan have shown that Gender-based Violence -particularly\ndomestic violence- has increased since the pandemic: A majority\n69 percent of all survey respondents as well as key informants and\nwomen and girls in FGDs agree that GBV has increased since the\nbeginning of the pandemic [9], official data from family protection\ndepartment corroborate those findings with 33% in increased cases\nof domestic violence reported during pandemic restriction time [10] .\n\n\nPsychological/emotional abuse most commonly occurs in the form\nof \u201chumiliation\u201d and \u201cconfinement\u201d by intimate partners (most\ntypically husbands). In addition, this category also includes incidents\nof \u201cverbal sexual harassment\u201d and online harassment with more time\nspent online and on social media. Physical violence was also mostly\nperpetrated by intimate partners and took the form of beatings,\nslapping, and kicking among other types of violence. It is important\nto underline that physical assault has severe consequences on\nsurvivors and may result in the death of the survivors or cause\ndisability as largely documented in Jordan during 2020 [11] . \u201cDenial\nof resources\u201d is the third most reported type of GBV. Women and\n\n\n8 \u0007For details on the case definition of each category please refer to the Gender Based\n\nViolence classification tool accessible at: http://gbvims.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/\nAnnex-B-Classification-Tool.pdf\n\n9 \u0007Daring to Ask, Listen, and Act: A Snapshot of the Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and\n\nGirls\u2019 rights and sexual and reproductive health - April/May 2020 https://reliefweb.\nint/report/jordan/daring-ask-listen-and-act-snapshot-impacts-covid-19-women-andgirls-rights-and-sexual\n\n10 https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=154064&lang=ar&name=news\n\n\n\ngirls are increasingly reporting incidents of denial of resources,\nopportunity and services mainly perpetrated by their husbands\nand male relatives. Male perpetrators prevent women from having\naccess to citizenship or documentation. Women are also excluded\nfrom decision-making within the family, around the use of cash\nassistance while others also report that their husbands would\nconfiscate their salaries (employers are also reported to withholding\npart of the salary). Some survivors also shared that their husbands/\nmale relatives would prevent them from accessing reproductive\nhealth and mental health services. In addition, women saw their\ninheritance rights curtailed as well as their rights to alimony or\ncustody. Finally, women reported being denied opportunities\nto work as well as access to women empowerment activities or\neducation. Controlling behaviors reported by girls include denial of\naccess to school and tertiary education, limitations of movement\nand social contacts as well as access to reproductive health services\nfor unmarried girls. Husbands or male relatives also prevent girls\nfrom attending girls\u2019 empowerment activities and other services.\nDenial of resources is therefore normalized within communities,\nwomen and girls are often unaware these incidents constitute\ngender-based violence.\n\n\nChild marriages made up the largest number of forced marriages,\npredominantly affecting girls of 15-17 years old. Forced marriage\nconstitutes only 4.7% of all of the reported cases, suggesting that\nfew girls seek help to prevent marriage from occurring, but it is not\nindicative of prevalence. Indeed, the prevalence of child marriage\nwould appear to be on the rise after a decade of decline. More than\n1 in 4 children are married before the age of 18, and nearly 1 in 10\nare married before the age of 15-years [12] . Recently released statistics\nfrom Supreme judge Department show a further increase in 2020,\nfrom 10.6% of registered marriages in 2019 to 11.8% in 2020 [13] . A\npandemic like COVID 19 present unique challenges that can increase\nchild marriage both in the acute and recovery phases. Challenges\ninclude the loss of household income, higher risk of violence in\nthe household and lack of access to schooling. The breakdown\nof social networks can also heighten families\u2019 and communities\u2019\ndesire to control girls\u2019 sexuality and protect their \u201chonour\u201d. Parents\nmight marry their daughters out of fear of pre-marital pregnancy or\nrelationships, which can bring shame on the family.\n\n\n11 \u0007AWO, Impact of COVID 19 in Jordan on women and girls https://data2.unhcr.org/en/\n\ndocuments/details/77515\n\n12 \u0007Refer to: https://www.unicef.org/jordan/reports/study-underlying-social-norms-and\neconomic-causes-lead-child-marriage-jordan\n\n13 \u0007Supreme Judge Department Report for 2020. https://sjd.gov.jo/EchoBusV3.0/\n\nSystemAssets/PDFs/AR/2020.pdf\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data from family protection\ndepartment", - "confidence": 0.9289990663528442, - "start": 241, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "pandemic restriction time", - "confidence": 0.6379517912864685, - "start": 261, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "judge Department show a further", - "confidence": 0.8956204652786255, - "start": 786, - "end": 791 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Supreme Judge Department", - "confidence": 0.5275750160217285, - "start": 936, - "end": 939 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "show a further", - "confidence": 0.5342621207237244, - "start": 788, - "end": 791 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "women", - "confidence": 0.5857889652252197, - "start": 918, - "end": 919 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": ".", - "confidence": 0.8989953994750977, - "start": 807, - "end": 808 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sexual assault and rape constitute some of the most severe forms\nof GBV with life-threatening consequences, yet they are the most\nunder-reported forms of violence. In 2020, the total number\nof reported sexual violence cases continued to increase (7.6%\ncompared to 3.3% in 2018) but rape incidents reported remain low\nat 1.7%. Although \u201cseeking-help\u201dbehavior increased, the stigma\nassociated with seeking-help when subjected to sexual violence\nconstitute a major barrier for survivors ability to come forward,\ncoupled with the risk of honor killing . In addition, mandatory\nreporting requirements in Jordanian law prevent survivors who do\nnot wish to file complaints from seeking much needed assistance (in\nparticular medical assistance). Because also of COVID 19 situation\nwomen and girls were reluctant to seek help in health facilities where\nclinical management of rape is available, but the risk of infection\nis also perceived as higher. To note also that marital rape is not\ncriminalized in Jordanian law and culturally even more are reluctant\nto call sexual abuse by their husband violence, and not reporting it, if\n\n\nTo deepen the analysis, it is important to take into account age and\ngender. As indicated in the above chart, the main GBV type faced\nby girls who were assisted by the GBV IMS Task Force members,\nwas: child marriage (42%); followed by emotional abuse. For the first\ntime girls report more sexual abuse than denial of resources and\nopportunities.\n\n\nTotal number of girls seeking help was lower compared to previous\nyear. Government lockdown measured further limited movement\nbelow the age of 16 and above the age of 60 and school were closed\npreventing girls from moving outside the house and accessing\ncenters for help. Use of mobile technology and credit for surfing the\nnet and call was also part of controlling behaviors that limited girls\nopportunities to seek help. As a result of the pandemic adolescent\ngirls bear higher household burdens and have fewer positive outlets:\n55 percent of adolescent girls reported that they and their peers are\ndoing more household chores with the pandemic and the lockdown\nmeasures [15] .\n\n\nGirls are also disproportionately taking on care of younger children\nin the household and helping them with their studies, leaving less\ntime for themselves. Girls also lamented their inability to go out and\nmeet their friends and attend school and express distress over the\nuncertainty of the future. When asked where they can go to express\n\n\n14 \u0007UNDP, UNWomen, UNFPA, ESCWA 2018 \u201cGender Justice and the law \u201dhttps://jordan.\n\nunfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Jordan%20Country%20Assessment%20-%20\nEnglish_0_0.pdf\n\n\n15 \u0007UNFPA, IFH, Plan \u201cDaring to ask listen and act\u201d https://jordan.unfpa.org/en/\n\nresources/daring-ask-listen-and-act-snapshot-impacts-covid-womens-and-girls8 rights-and-sexual-and\n\n\n\nrape occurs within a marriage, the state defers to cultural ideologies\nof male dominance, ignoring the possibility that women have an\nindividual right to bodily integrity, no matter what the context.\n\n\nWomen lack trust in gender justice although a number of\nimprovements have been made to criminal laws enhancing gender\njustice. This include the removal of Article 308. However, a number\nof articles still provide no or only minimum protection from genderbased violence. This include lack of legal protection from so-called\n\u2018protective detention\u2019 in which women and girls whose lives are at\nrisk for reasons related to family honour may be forcibly detained\nin detention centres for their own protection under the Crime\nPrevention Law No. 7 of 1954., anti-sex work laws, criminalization\nof abortion for rape survivors, lack of recognition of marital rape\nand lack of clear laws protecting women from sexual harassment\nincluding online harassment [14] .\n\n\ntheir concerns about COVID-19 and ask for information and\nassistance, nearly half of girls named their family or their spouses,\nsuggesting that many girls lack such an outlet in which they have a\nhigh level of trust outside of the family setting.\n\n\nWomen, on the other hand, have reported being most affected by\nemotional abuse (56.7%) and physical assault (27.6%), occurring\nmostly in the context of intimate partner violence as analyzed\nabove. Confinement due to COVID 19 restrictions increased family\ntensions and spouse friction with limited outlet for stress release,\nmoreover some men experienced laid off and spent more time home\nincreasing frustration and controlling behaviors on family members.\n\n\nBoys and men reported mainly incidents of sexual assault, often in\nthe context of detention as well as discrimination and retaliation\nagainst gay/bisexual/transgender refugees.\n\n\nThis said, the chart below demonstrates clearly that women and girls\nare disproportionally affected by the different types of GBV. The\nnumber of girls reporting rape and sexual assault is low compared\nto other ages and sexes. Sexual violence is a risk for adolescent\ngirls, but stigma, value of virginity, custody of male guardians and\nrisk of so called \u201chonour killing\u201d are all factors contributing to the\nunderreporting.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "C | Service Provision\n\n\nThis year, continuing from the previous one, half of the cases that\nsought help were self-referred, meaning the survivor approached\nthe case management agency directly. Different online campaigns\nduring the summer contributed to disseminate information on\nhotlines and other channels to seek help either in person or phone\nbased case management.\n\n\nThe number of referrals doubled compared to previous years,\nindicative of the impact of GBV \u201csafe referral\u201d training and the\ndissemination of the \u201cAmaali\u201d application [16] amongst humanitarian\nworkers. Also, collaboration and referrals with government\nauthorities increased during lockdown, police referred cases to the\nNGO run shelter for a period of time when government led shelters\nwere not ready to welcome new survivors. Referrals from schools\nand teachers did not happen this year also reflecting school closure\nand distance learning modality.\n\n\nReferrals from health sector decreased this year, case management\nagencies believe this is also an effect of COVID 19 as survivors\nminimized contact with hospitals and health providers. In the\ncourse of recording a report of a GBV incident and undertaking case\nmanagement, one of the key roles of data gathering organizations\nis to identify any needs for further services and ensure that\nsurvivors receive necessary support, either through referral to\nother specialized services or via direct provision by the same\nservice provider. In 2020, case management agencies provided\ndirect health services to survivors as -half of the actors in the GBV\nIMS taskforce applying an integrated approach to GBV and Sexual\nand Reproductive Health. This trend remains stable compared\nto previous years. Survivors declined referrals to health services\noftentimes due to fearing a requirement for mandatory reporting\nto the police (which is particularly strict for Jordanian medical staff\ncompared to other service providers). Health services are not\nautomatically available for free to all GBV survivors, which may\nalso contribute to survivors declining referrals. It is important to\nnote here that the clinical management of rape (CMR) services are\navailable in the camps and in Amman and other three urban areas. In\n2020, 24/7 CMR coverage was available for the first time in public\nreferral hospitals but because those were also COVID 19 hospitals\nreferrals remained low. Advocacy to restrict mandatory reporting\nrequirements only to child survivors is needed as well as advocacy\nwith health actors to ensure access to free health care to all GBV\nsurvivors (for health concerns related to GBV. In 2021 Ministry of\nhealth is starting an IEC intervention to inform the public and other\nservice providers of the CMR services in the 3 referral hospitals).\nLegal Assistance and security services remain some of the most\nsensitive areas of service provision, as the majority of survivors\ndecline referrals. In the past three years, the number of declined\nreferrals to legal assistance decreased from 66% in 2018 to 60%\nin 2019 and 63% in 2020. On the contrary, the security services,\nincluding both shelter and law enforcement agencies, for the past\nthree-years remain the largest decline across all services (76% in\n2020). Direct service provision under security refers to the Shelter\nmanaged by one of the data gathering organisations. Survivors have\nexpressed fears of retaliation if seeking police assistance as well as\nfear of stigma due to lack of confidentiality and lack of survivorcentred approach within law enforcement actors (victim-blaming,\nperpetrators asked to sign pledges instead of serving jail terms).\nThe legal system does not encourage survivors to come forward\nas specific types of GBV are not being criminalised (such as marital\nrape) or punishments being too lenient. In addition, instead of\nordering jail terms for potential perpetrators of so called \u201chonour\nkilling\u201d, law enforcement authorities place women at risk of so called\nhonour killing in detention centres for their own \u201cprotection\u201d. Finally,\nthe Crime Prevention Law gives considerable powers to Governors,\nallowing them to place in administrative detention anyone who\nis perceived as posing a threat to national security. In practice,\nGovernors have placed women in administrative detention who\nwere seen as not complying with gender norms (such as women\nwho are engaging in survival sex or women having relationships\noutside of marriage).\n\n\n4 \u0007https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jo.dwt.sgbv&hl=en&gl=US\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report of a GBV incident", - "confidence": 0.5670114159584045, - "start": 189, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7585914731025696, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9231727719306946, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.6559773087501526, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Survivors might also be undecided about legal services at the\nbeginning of the case management process and may actually\nrequest them later on if it is available. It is important to take into\naccount that a considerable number of survivors directly approach\nlegal service providers, which is not captured by GBV IMS data (this\nmight be explained by survivors experiencing different levels of fear\nand type of safety concerns).\n\n\nSurvivors also generally decline referrals to safe shelter options.\nTo the exception of an NGO run safe shelter, other safe shelters in\nJordan are run by the Jordanian Government and have strict entry\ncriteria. The latter are accessible only to adult female survivors of\nfamily violence who are willing to involve the Family Protection\nDepartment into their case while survivors with male children above\n5 are not accepted. Most survivors, and in particular the ones who\nare not at imminent risk of abuse, would benefit from being provided\nwith alternatives to institutionalization; such as the provision of\nmonthly protection cash allowing survivors to cover rent and other\nurgent needs.\n\n\nRegarding livelihoods, although Jordan committed at the global level\nto facilitate access to employment for Syrian refugees, this has not\nresulted in major changes on the ground for refugee women and\nGBV survivors. Opportunities for legal work aligned with the needs\nof Syrian refugee women continues to be limited. Of all services,\nlivelihood shows the largest gap in service availability, with more\nthan 66% of survivors unable to access livelihood services due\nto unavailability of such services. Only 19% of survivors in need\nreceived the services either directly or referred to another agency.\nOnly 15% declined referral because of The limited \u201cday-care\u201d options\nfor children of survivors as well as lack of safe transportation options\n(risks of sexual harassment in public transport) are prompting\nsurvivors to decline services. Additionally, gender norms on access\nto work for women also push female survivors not to engage in work\nopportunities outside of their home. Finally, it has been noted that in\nsome refugee households, the sudden employment of women who\ndid not work previously due to cultural norms, might be perceived as\na threat to male power, which might in turn lead to an increase in the\nrisk of intimate partner violence. Gender discussions groups have\nbeen recognised by the GBV IMS Task Force as a good practice. Risk\nmitigation measures should be implemented urgently in livelihood\nprogramming to ensure \u201csafe\u201d and \u201ceffective\u201d access to services for\nwomen and groups at heightened risk of GBV.\n\n\n\nCash-based interventions is the sector that has changed the most\ncompared to previous years recording an improvement in the\nassistance provided to survivors. In 2019 only 34 % of survivors\neither received or were referred to cash assistance, in 2020 the\nbeneficiaries in need that received these services increased to 58%.\nIn line with this positive trend the unavailability decreased from\n63% to 41%. In previous years survivors who needed urgent cash\nassistance often were unable to receive it on the spot and might\nhave to undergo multiple interviews before being able to receive\ncash. This is because most data gathering organisations had not\nembedded tailored cash-based interventions into their GBV case\nmanagement programmes, forcing them to refer survivors to cashbased interventions designed to cover basic needs. Survivors who\nwere provided with monthly cash-based interventions to cover\nbasic needs often reported that the amount was not enough to\nhelp mitigate risks of GBV.In the last year an increasing number\nof case management agencies has started cash based intervention\nembedded in GBV case management with a positive effect on\nreferral and safety outcomes.\n\n\nPsycho-social services remain the most available services for\nsurvivors throughout the country (gaps identified in specific\nunderserved urban locations as well as remote locations), and is the\nmost common service provided directly by the case management\nagencies, indeed 95% mostly through case management approach\nor specialized psychosocial support provided by same agency. Data\nshared by data Gathering Organisations is based on information\ncollected with survivors during psycho-social service provision,\nthus data on psycho-social service provision should be understood\nwithin this context. Moreover, referral pathways are an essential\npart of the response to GBV, establishing connection between\nsurvivors in need and the services they require. Although it is clear\nfrom the above information on referrals done by GBV partners that\nthe mechanism is strong and moving in a positive direction, referrals\nfrom other providers to GBV providers remain weak.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV IMS data", - "confidence": 0.9881724715232849, - "start": 52, - "end": 55 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.8807602524757385, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Survivors", - "confidence": 0.9419335722923279, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on psycho-social service provision", - "confidence": 0.8482570052146912, - "start": 734, - "end": 739 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "data Gathering Organisations", - "confidence": 0.5066444873809814, - "start": 718, - "end": 721 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.9643859267234802, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A | Non-Syrian GBV survivors\n\n\nThe majority of GBV survivors served by case management agencies\nare Syrian refugees, followed by Jordanian from host communities.\nThis thematic analysis wants to look closer to the different GBV\nrisks experienced by other nationalities and reported to case\nmanagement agencies\n\n\nThe analysis by sex and age show that across all nationalities\ndisproportionally more adults seek help and more women. GBV\nsurvivors of Jordanian and Iraqi nationality follow a similar pattern of\nreporting with mainly women seeking help and reporting domestic\nabuse/IPV in the form of emotional, physical violence and denial\nof resources. Palestinian women although reporting emotional and\nphysical abuse do not report incidents of denial of resources, this\nmight be linked to less incidence or less awareness in the community\nof their rights to property, earnings and access to services. Forced\nmarriage is not much reported by refugees of other nationalities but\nYemeni. Rape that is reported by 1.7% of total survivors is highly\nreported in other communities like Somali, Sudanese and other\nnationalities especially rape in country of origin reported by men\nin the context of detention or persecution. Evidence on GBV risks\nfaced by refugee of other nationalities\n\n\n17 \u0007NRC, 2019 Realizing the rights of asylum seekers and refugees in Jordan from\n\ncountries other than Syria with a Focus on Yemeni and Sudanese https://reliefweb.int/\nreport/jordan/realizing-rights-asylum-seekers-and-refugees-jordan-countries-othersyria-focus\n\n\n18 \u0007Rana Aoun 2020, COVID 19 impact on female migrant domestic workers in\n\nthe middle east https://gbvaor.net/sites/default/files/2020-05/COVID-19%20\nand%20Impact%20on%20Vulnerable%20Female%20Migrant%20Domestic%20\nWorkers%5B5%5D.pdf\n\n\n\nremains limited, a study conducted on the Sudanese and Yemeni\ncommunity shows that GBV is common in the community and in the\nworkplace, informal working arrangements and lack of work permits\nincreases risks. Sudanese participants face difficulties finding\nhousing and, along with Yemenis, move frequently, often because\nthey are unable to pay their rent. Rental agreements are uncommon,\nevictions are carried out without any formal process, and participants\noften move when they have a dispute with a property owner, this\nposes also risks of different forms of exploitation and abuse [17] .\n\n\nIn terms of other nationalities this includes mainly english speaker\nsurvivors in Jordan as migrant workers of African origin or from\nSouth east asia. Emerging data suggests that conditions for female\nmigrant workers have further deteriorated as a result of COVID-19\nimplementing strict social distancing measures. This has a number of\nimplications for female migrant domestic workers, not only related\nto their basic health and safety, but also in terms of their exposure to\nGBV, both in their work environments, and in the larger community.\nNot only do abusive employers, their children and relatives have\nincreased access to vulnerable female migrant domestic workers,\nstressors have increased that may in turn increase the frequency and\nseverity of abusive behavior in addition to increased work demands.\n\n\nIn Jordan, at least one-third of the 75,000 migrant domestic workers\nhave lost their incomes and many their jobs. As noted above, if\nthese workers escape the attention of the authorities, they become\nundocumented. They typically rely on irregular daily jobs to survive,\nbut the demand for this type of work has plummeted as a result of\nthe COVID-19. Unable to pay rent, these undocumented workers\nface the risk of eviction from their apartments. Their economic\nvulnerability puts them at high risk of and sexual exploitation, abuse\nand harassment by landlords and others [18] .\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "thematic analysis", - "confidence": 0.9062412977218628, - "start": 27, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.6306217908859253, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Emerging data", - "confidence": 0.9559622406959534, - "start": 416, - "end": 418 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female\nmigrant workers", - "confidence": 0.777086615562439, - "start": 422, - "end": 425 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "B | GBV in Urban settings versus Camps\n\n\nData gathering organizations part of the GBV IMS taskforce provide\nservices across the Kingdom of Jordan covering 12 urban areas/\nhost communities [19] and four refugee camps Zatari, Azraq, Emirati\nJordanian Camp and King Abdullah Park. Sex and age analysis\nconfirm that in all settings women are more affected by GBV,\nnotably in camps there are more men that report violence than in\nurban areas. Men in camps report mainly conflict related sexual\nviolence in country of origin. Outreach teams in the camp equipped\nwith male social workers facilitate contact, trust and disclosure.\nNotably rape in camp is only reported by women and girls to the\ndata gathering organizations, whilst in urban areas by all sex and\nage groups. Boys report different forms of violence mainly to child\nprotection actors this might explain the low report in urban but\nespecially in camps. Adolescent girls in camps report mainly forced\nmarriage but also rape and denial of resources opportunities and\nservices. Those data are not surprising as recently released statistics\n\n\n19 \u0007Amman Governorate, Zarqa Governorate, Mafraq Governorate, Irbid Governorate,\n\nBalqa Governorate, Jerash Governorate, Ajloun governorate, South of Jordan\n(including Aqaba, Tafilah, Karak, and Ma\u2019an), and Madaba Governorate.s\n\n\n20 \u0007Gender-based Violence Risk Assessment Azraq Camp - November https://data2.unhcr.\n\norg/en/documents/details/85281\n\n\n\nfrom the Sharia Court in Zaatari camp show that in 2020 60% (58%\nin 2019 and 78% in 2018) of total registered marriages are child\nmarriage, a percentage largely above the national average.\n\n\nSexual harassment remains an issue in both urban and camp settings.\nA recently joint assessment conducted by protection agencies\nand led by DRC in Azraq camp show that sexual harassment was\nmentioned as an issue in 79% of FGDs and the majority of KIIs. In\ncommunity mapping exercises, sexual harassment was mentioned\nto occur in public places where large gatherings occur: Hospital,\nSameh mall, market, water and distribution points. Adolescent girls\nare perceived to be most at-risk, therefore families impose on them\nmore movement restrictions and this impedes access to services [20] .\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "in", - "confidence": 0.516869843006134, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0007", - "confidence": 0.8654500842094421, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5161561965942383, - "start": 267, - "end": 268 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-based Violence Risk Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8000138998031616, - "start": 239, - "end": 243 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.553694486618042, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Azraq Camp", - "confidence": 0.9115539193153381, - "start": 243, - "end": 245 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8876910209655762, - "start": 267, - "end": 268 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5794808864593506, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "joint assessment", - "confidence": 0.9329822063446045, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.8472046852111816, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Azraq camp", - "confidence": 0.9774236083030701, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7332537770271301, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community mapping exercises", - "confidence": 0.947364330291748, - "start": 345, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Recommendaton Responsible Timeline\n\n\n\nDevelop messages to advocate with national authorities for the enhanced respect of the\nsurvivor-centered approaches within law enforcement authorities and for lifting legal\nmandatory reporting requirements or provide more guidance to service providers for adult\nsurvivors of GBV.\n\nDeveloping innovative approaches to reach adolescent girls and facilitate their access to GBV\nservices.\n\n\nResearch on obstacles to seek help and delay in seeking help. Promote innovative communitybased approaches to disseminate information on availability of compassionate and confidential\nGBV case management services and clinical management of rape services.\n\nContinue building the capacity of caregivers and raising their awareness about risks of GBV\nthat children and persons with disabilities may expose to, how to seek support and available\nservices.\n\nConduct an analysis of time laps in help seeking behavior and the type of violence or advocate\nfor the inclusion in other larger studies\n\n\nUpdate GBV referral pathways per field location, through \u201cAmaali\u201d application. It\u2019s important\nto emphasize that Amaali-app is the only source of information for GBV referral pathway.\nConduct briefings to other sectors to disseminate Amaali APP and IEC materials among staff\nand benefciaries\n\nContinue to conduct GBV safe referral trainings for non-specialized frontline workers (including\nrefugee protection volunteers, community leaders, community based organisations and health\nservice providers).\n\nRaise awareness on marital rape for community and service providers including right to seek\nhelp whilst advocating for law revision to criminalize it\n\n\nUpdate the mapping of Clinical management of rape services and ensure inclusion in \u201cAmaali\u201d\napp as referral.\n\nIncrease knowledge of the newly available CMR services 7/24 in 3 referral hospitals and add\non Amaali app\n\n\nIncrease availability of GBV services in underserved/remote areas (including case management\nservices), increase accessibility for non-Syrian refugees (including through increased outreach\nand expand support lines), while maintaining level of engagement with Jordanian survivors.\nGBV services should be available to all natonalites.\n\nDisseminating information among community about available GBV services and Amaali\napplicaton using diferent approaches including online platorms.\n\nStrengthen collaboration with CBOs and organizations working with specific vulnerable groups\nas LGBTI, sex workers to increase referral and access to services for support. Train GBV service\nproviders, CBOs and GBV case management agencies on LGBTI rights to ensure inclusivity of\nexistng GBV programs.\n\nConducting a round table discussion with GBV actors which work with LGBTI community to\ndiscuss the outcomes of INTERSOS assessment, enhance the inclusivity of the services and\nappliance of survivor centered approach when providing the services.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|GBV Actors + UNFPA
(advocacy paper)|Mid-year|\n|---|---|\n|**GBV actors**|**End of the**
**year**|\n|**GBV Actors**|**Mid-year**|\n|**GBV actors**|**Ongoing**|\n|**GBV WG**|**By the end of**
**the year**|\n|**GBV WG and feld WG**|**Ongoing**|\n|**GBV WG natonal and**
**feld**|**By the end of**
**year**|\n|**GBV actors and SRH**
**service providers**|**Ongoing**|\n|**RH working group**|**Urgent**|\n|**RH working group/**
**UNFPA**|**By mid year**|\n|**GBV actors (with**
**support from donors)**|**Ongoing**|\n|**GBV actors, UNHCR**|**ongoing**|\n|**GBV Actors**|**By the end of**
**the year**|\n|**INTERSOS and GBV**
**actors.**|**By mid-year**|\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Increase tailored cash based interventions for GBV survivors including interventions which
support identification of safe accommodation in urban areas while covering the rent through
cash, as alternative to institutionalized shelters (for survivors not facing imminent risks),
emergency cash and cash for transportation|GBV actors|As soon as
possible|\n|---|---|---|\n|Updatng the cash assistance services map and include it in the Amaali applicaton.|**GBV and Cash**
**for Protecton**
**Coordinators.**|**By mid-year**|\n|Provide a guidance note to standardize CVA and GBV interventons|**GBV and Cash**
**for Protecton**
**Coordinators.**|**By Mid-year**|\n|Increase access to livelihood actvites (including by providing childcare, cash for transportaton
as well as support to ensure safe transportaton), and sustainable income generatng
opportunites to expand empowerment actvites for women and ensure services inclusivity of
other groups at risk of GBV within existng GBV programs.|**GBV actors and**
**livelihood WG**|**Urgent**|\n|Ensuring security services are survivor centered and always same sex ofcers are dealing
with cases. Moreover, review the \u201cpledge\u201d system as is not an efectve protecton measure
for women from IPV. Extend the capacity building initatves to women police and other
governmental enttes.|**Government**
**stakeholders**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Build capacity of diferent security and legal stakeholders on at udes beliefs and stgmatzaton
and survivor-centred approach|**GBV Actors/**
**Government actors**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Enhance programming involving social norms interventons such as \u201cGender Discussion
Groups\u201d or support groups where spouses are sensitzed about gender equality.|**GBV, protecton actors,**
**NHF**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Reduce risks of sexual violence in identfed risk areas. Conductng safety assessment and
advocatng with other sectors for risk mitgaton measures.|**GBV WG and IOM**|**By the end of**
**the year**|\n|Contnue campaigning on online sexual harassment including blackmailing and explore
innovatve solutons for addressing online risks|**GBV actors and donors**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Tailor programming for unmarried adolescent girls and working on stgma. Tailor programming
for married adolescent girls on how to cope with family and violence and delay pregnancies.|**GBV Actors**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Increase outreach for people with disabilites by build capacity of case management agencies
and GBV actors. Increase referrals to case management agencies from other protecton actors.|**GBV Actors; IRC**|**As soon as**
**possible**|\n|Increase knowledge and awareness of GBV risks faced by refugees of other natonalites and
migrant workers and improve access to services|**GBV Actors**|**Ongoing**|\n|Advocate to include GBV services as a lifesaving key priority and increase funding for case
management and other empowerment actvites through pool funds and support to Women
Organizatons|**OCHA/Donors**|**Ongoing**|\n|Fund knowledge products on lessons learnt, good practces on what works to combat GBV and
increase inclusivity of services|**Donors**|**Ongoing**|\n|Consult with coordinaton group GBV WG and GBV IMS taskforce on gaps and priorites|**Donors**|**Ongoing**|\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c4183261-17fd-3e37-a0ab-3435ffa937b8/JORDAN%20GBV%20IMS%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%202020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20-%20V04.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_457/raw/doc_457_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_457/raw/doc_457_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a0532c870cb6e4703ddcf3360c0f2f1137b23753..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_457/raw/doc_457_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. Background and Objectives**\n\nThe Inter-Sector Working Group (ISWG) conducted a training on leadership and coordination\nfor field coordinators (in camps and urban areas) involved in the Syria Response in Jordan. The\nwor-kshop aimed to enhance the capacity of field coordinators to effectively lead and coordinate\ntheir respective sectors, improve camp coordination, and contribute to a more cohesive and\nimpactful Syria Response in Jordan. The workshops focused on three key objectives:\nstrengthening skills in effective coordination and leadership; enhancing cross-sector\ncollaboration between national and field levels and facilitating improved coordination of\nrefugee response efforts to ensure align-ment with broader humanitarian and development\nobjectives in Jordan.\n\n#### **2. Participants**\n\n\nEighteen participants from various organizations, including UNHCR, CARE, IMC, JOHUD, Noor Al\nHussein Foundation, and the Lutheran World Forum, attended the workshop. Held at the Crown\nPlaza Hotel in Amman on September 1, 2024, the event drew field and camp coordinators from\nZaatari and Azraq, as well as sector leads and co-leads from Health, Shelter, Protection, and Economic Empowerment sectors, ensuring comprehensive representation of key players in the Syria\nResponse.\n\n#### 3. Sessions\n\n\nFacilitated by the Inter-Agency Coordination Unit team, including Saud Al-Sakr, Samira\nSmairat, and Ehab Haddad, the workshop featured a blend of interactive presentations, group\nactivities, plenary discussions, and focused sessions. This dynamic and engaging environment\nfostered ef-fective knowledge sharing. Details of the workshop agenda are provided in Annex 1.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4. Key Outcomes**\n\n**Enhanced Collaboration and Coordination:** The workshop emphasized the need for\n\nthe overall refugee response. This includes better integration between field operations and Amman-based coordination mechanisms to foster a more cohesive and effective response strategy.\n\n\n**Strengthened Leadership Skills:** The session enabled participants to examine various le\nvision, clarity, adaptability, and accountability were emphasized as essential for fostering effective\nleadership.\n\n\n**Increased Government Engagement:** The discussions highlighted the critical need for\n\nThere was a strong advocacy for integrating refugee needs into national policies and ensuring\nproactive government participation in both planning and implementation processes.\n\n\n**Localization of Efforts:** During the discussions, field coordinators emphasized the critical\n\nstakeholders, integration of refugee needs into national policies, and ensuring active involvement\nfrom government entities throughout the planning and implementation phases.\n\n\n**Transformed Coordination Structures and Meeting Modalities:** Recommendations\n\nacross various sectors. This transformation involves clearly defining roles, merging similar working\ngroups where practical, and reinvigorating meeting formats to be more strategic, dynamic and\ninteractive. Such enhancements are designed to boost participation and lead to more effective\noutcomes.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Session 1: Streamlining Coordination**\n\nThe session offered a detailed review of the current refugee coordination model, centering on the\nJordan Refugee Response Plan (JRP) and its crucial role in managing the refugee crisis. UNHCR\nwas highlighted as a key stakeholder, with the Jordan Strategic Humanitarian Committee (JoSH)\nsteering strategic directions and the Inter-Sector Working Group (ISWG) serving as the technical\nbackbone. Sector co-leads actively participated in collaborative planning to ensure seamless coordination across various humanitarian efforts. Additionally, the session shed light on the newly\nreconstituted Jordan Development Partner Group (JDPG), led by the Resident Coordinator\u2019s Office\n(RCO) and co-led by USAID and the World Bank. This group primarily oversees development-oriented activities within Jordan. Current discussions among these entities aim to strengthen the\nconnections between humanitarian and development frameworks, thereby enhancing synergy\nand bridging existing operational gaps.\n\n###### **Summary of the main points from the field coordination structures-groups\u2019 di-** **scussions:**\n\n\n**Tailored Coordination Structures:** There is a need for coordination structures that are\n\nrealities and address new challenges effectively.\n\n\n**Importance of Working Groups:** Working groups are essential for collaboration, coordina\nengagement, affecting overall coordination.\n\n\n**Gradual and Potential Merging of Field and National Structures Where Relevant:**\nMerging some field-level working groups with national-level structures should be a gradual process to avoid unintended consequences. Adequate time for planning and integration is essential\nto ensure a smooth transition.\n\n\n**Increase Government Engagement in Coordination:** Stronger involvement from gover\nand integration of refugee response activities into national strategies.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Summary of the main points from the potential roles and contributions of** **the ISWG at the field level - groups\u2019 discussions:**\n\n**Harmonizing Coordination Efforts:** The ISWG is poised to maintain its pivotal role in harmonizing coordination across working groups at both the national and field levels. This role includes further aligning initiatives with strategic priorities and enhancing cross-sector coordination to\nensure it is both effective and attuned to the evolving needs on the ground.\n\n\n**Provide Strategic Guidance to the Field:** The ISWG has established itself as a vital contributor, effectively assisting and advising field working groups in incorporating strategic topics into\ntheir discussions and aligning with the broader directives set by national working groups. This\ncollaboration has significantly enhanced coherence in planning and execution. To build on this\nfoundation, further strengthening these efforts will not only sustain but also amplify the impact\nand efficiency of their initiatives.\n\n\n**Facilitate Communication and Priority Setting in the Field:** The ISWG can further support field-level efforts by fostering open communication among partners, facilitating discussions\nto establish clear priorities, and providing guidance to set actionable goals. Maintaining regular\ninformation sharing can ensure that all partners are updated on progress and any changes in priorities or operational needs.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Session 2: Leadership Skills**\n\nThe session commenced with an ice-breaking exercise, prompting participants to share qualities that make their leaders inspirational. The spectrum of attributes ranged from integrity\nand courage to wisdom and eloquence, with attendees citing a diverse array of influential\nfigures, including parents, teachers, public leaders, and friends. The leadership skills session\ndelved into defining leadership and exploring various indicators of strong leadership and\ncharacteristics of good leaders. Participants were divided into groups to discuss challenging\nscenarios and potential routes for addressing them, fostering a range of perceptions on\nleadership with commonalities emerging.\n\n###### **Summary of the main points from the leadership groups\u2019 conversations:**\n\n\n**Strategic Leadership Development:** The conversations emphasized the need for cultiva\nforts. This involves training leaders to think critically, act decisively, and inspire their teams amidst\ncomplex scenarios, particularly in crisis management contexts.\n\n\n**Building Adaptive Capacity:** Acknowledging the dynamic nature of humanitarian en\nspond to changing circumstances. This includes fostering agility in decision-making processes and\nthe ability to pivot strategies effectively when unexpected challenges arise.\n\n\n**Promoting Inclusive Leadership Practices:** There was a strong focus on the need for more\n\ndecision-making. Emphasizing inclusive practices ensures that all stakeholder voices are heard,\nenhancing the overall strategy and implementation of projects.\n\n\n**Leadership in Resource Optimization:** A key topic of discussion was the optimization\n\nfunding and allocating resources efficiently but also anticipating future needs and potential constraints to mitigate risks and maximize impact.\n\n\n**Fostering Leadership Accountability:** Ensuring accountability at all levels of leadership\n\nbility that align with organizational goals and ethical standards, thereby strengthening trust and\nintegrity within teams.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Session 3: Coordination Skills**\n\nThe session began with participants divided into groups to delve into the intricacies of Jordan\u2019s coordination structure and discuss scenarios, prompting exploration of the effectiveness of the coordination structure in field. Key questions explored the structure\u2019s efficacy, including the Inter-sector collaboration, Amman-to-field coordination, and the potential necessity for adjustments.\n\n###### **Summary of the main points from the groups\u2019 conversations:**\n\n\nCoordination Challenges and Recommendations:\n\n\n**Lack of Commitment and Interest:** Stakeholders often lack commitment, which hinders\n\naction-oriented engagements.\n\n\n**Representation Issues:** High turnover and non-decision-makers attending meetings im\nving handover processes were recommended.\n\n\n**Coordination Gaps between Field and National Levels:** A disconnect between field-le\ngnment between the two are essential for coherent strategies and more effective implementation.\n\n\n**Streamline Working Groups:** Streamline and potentially reducing the number of working\n\n\n**Advocate for Flexible Funding:** Flexible funding mechanisms would better address the\n\n\n**Increase Government Engagement:** Greater engagement from government authorities\n\nrefugee response strategies into national policies.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Recommendations & Next Steps**\n\nThe workshop concluded with several key recommendations aimed at strengthening coordination and leadership in the field within the Syria Response framework:\n\n**Revisit and Enhance the Current Coordination Structure:** Review and, if necessary, mo\nestablishing clear roles, and addressing any coordination challenges that may arise.\n**Strengthen Dialogue and Coordination with Field Operations:** Improve communication\n\ntial. This could be achieved through regular inter-sector visits and enhanced collaboration, ensuring greater connectivity between field and national operations.\n**Strengthen Inter- and Cross-Sector Linkages:** Enhance collaboration and resource sha\nplication.\n**Increase Government Representation within ISWG and in the field:** Strengthen\n\nnational policies and a more integrated response.\n**Strengthen Localization and Collaboration with Local Actors:** Foster stronger partner\nresponses.\n**Facilitate Adaptive Leadership and Collaboration:** Equip field coordinators with the ne\ngiven resource constraints and the evolving refugee response.\n\n_**The Inter-Sector Working Group (ISWG) remains committed to supporting Jordan 3RP partners**_\n_**at both national and field levels, aiming to develop and improve overall response coordination**_\n_**and processes. The planned next steps include:**_\n\n**Strengthen Field-National Sector Linkages and Communication:** With an emphasis on\n\ntion channels and strengthen linkages between field operations and national coordination mechanisms. This effort is crucial for ensuring cohesive and well-coordinated responses across various sectors and levels.\n**Conduct Follow-Up Trainings:** To further empower partners, the ISWG will organize refre\nsessions are particularly important given its recent implementation in Jordan and will help streamline planning and reporting processes.\n**Enhance Field Visits:** Regular field visits by sector chairs and co-chairs are planned to ensu\ntional coordination.\n**Elevate Partner Concerns and Recommendations:** The ISWG is dedicated to actively ad\nto a broader strategy that aims to incorporate partner feedback into the 2025 planning process,\nensuring responses are well-informed by on-the-ground experiences and needs.\n**Ongoing Advocacy and Best Practice Sharing:** The ISWG will facilitate the exchange of\n\nfor the continuous improvement of coordination efforts and response strategies.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/185e5422-108e-4d7c-80af-ab059e1b65b0/JO_report_Coordination%20and%20Leadership%20workshop_031024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_458/raw/doc_458_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_458/raw/doc_458_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cf6db210746c9c7dbd0b82622f0c535b3223b904..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_458/raw/doc_458_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "More than 4 million displaced Somalis are living in over 2,400 spontaneous informal sites and\nsettlements that are self-settled locations with limited or no access to services and humanitarian\nassistance and inadequate shelters. Insecure accommodation arrangements trigger constant\neviction threats or actual evictions, land grabbing and other housing, land, and property (HLP)\nrelated issues, leading to complex protection needs. Diverse risk groups live in these sites,\nincluding high number of women, children, the elderly, disabled people and persons with specific\nneeds, whose living situation in the sites and settlements heightens exposure to various\nprotection risks, including gender-based violence.\n\nContinued protection risks, reflecting decades of conflict and violence, recurrent natural\ndisasters are being exacerbated and further entrenched while accessible services and remedies\nare decreasing. 3.9 million people are estimated to need protection, given the severe HLP\nviolations, such as forced evictions, that continue to be reported, Inadequate housing is also\nincreasing women and girls risks of being confronted to gender-based violence. [1]\n\nThousands of Somalis are confronted with forced evictions with over 18,000 individuals (IDPs)\ndisplaced every month. This means that the need for HLP assistance is increasing, but that the\n\n\n1 UNHCR. (2024). Somalia Protection and Solutions Monitoring Network. UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "timely start of activities is crucial to ensure the preventive activities can be planned and\nimplemented.\n\n4.6 million people are identified to need shelter and NFI assistance, with slightly more than 88%\nof households reported living in a makeshift shelter according to REACH assessment or partially\ndamaged, or fully destroyed shelter, due to previous conflicts and disasters. Considering the high\ncost of shelter repairs, and the already negative net income of households, reconstruction comes\nat a high cost that may not be affordable for most. Failure to address these issues would keep\nhundreds of vulnerable households in inadequate, unsecured, and often overcrowded shelters,\nwith severe implications for their health, protection, socio- economic situation and personal\nsecurity - especially for children, the elderly, disabled people, women, and girls.\n\n\nSomalia is gradually recovering from its prolonged conflict, which has led to widespread\ndisplacement. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) face significant challenges, particularly in\nsecuring Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) rights. With weak governance structures, Somalia\u2019s\nlegal systems remain fragmented, complicating access to justice for vulnerable populations.\nMany IDPs live in urban centers, where land tenure insecurity is rampant, leading to frequent\nforced evictions, which further displace already vulnerable communities. Eviction data gathered\nby the HLP AoR since 2015, indicates that over 1.7 million IDPs experienced forced evictions and\nby the end of September 2024 alone, over 98,000 people have been forcefully evicted, often in\nviolation of both national and international guidelines. Up to 60% of all evictions reported are in\noccurring in IDPs located in cities, in particular Mogadishu, Baidoa, Kismayo, Bosaso, Garowe\namong others [2]\n\nThe justice system in Somalia is complex, combining formal institutions, clan-based customary\npractices (xeer), and Shari\u2019a courts. This legal plurality has made it difficult for IDPs and\nmarginalized groups to navigate the system and secure HLP rights. While formal institutions are\nslowly being strengthened, the dominant role of traditional clan elders in dispute resolution\nexcludes many IDPs who lack clan protection, leaving them vulnerable to rights violations. [3]\n\n\n_Figure 1: Norwegian Refugee Council/ Informal IDP settlement in Daynile, Mogadishu, Somalia_\n\n3 Gundel, J. (2006). The Predicament of the \u2018Oday\u2019: The Role of Traditional Structures in Security, Rights, Law and\nDevelopment in Somalia. Nairobi: Danish Refugee Council.\n\n\nPage **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH assessment", - "confidence": 0.9733020663261414, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7607531547546387, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.945166289806366, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction data", - "confidence": 0.9847723245620728, - "start": 237, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HLP AoR", - "confidence": 0.8482595086097717, - "start": 242, - "end": 244 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "HLP AoR", - "confidence": 0.5540043711662292, - "start": 242, - "end": 244 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6044637560844421, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9293545484542847, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9759760499000549, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.5020847916603088, - "start": 165, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite the legal and institutional challenges, efforts are being made to address HLP rights in\nSomalia. The introduction of the National IDP Policy, National Eviction Guidelines, and a Durable\nSolutions Strategy are crucial steps forward. However, enforcement remains a significant\nchallenge, and many displaced individuals continue to live in precarious conditions with little\naccess to secure land tenure or legal recourse in case of disputes. [4]\n\nMass displacement has further strained the economy, with over 2 million people displaced\ninternally. Limited access to HLP not only exacerbates their vulnerability but also hampers\neconomic recovery. Without secure property rights, IDPs face difficulties in establishing\nlivelihoods, and many are at risk of repeated displacement due to land disputes and forced\nevictions. [5]\n\nAddressing HLP rights is vital for long-term stability in Somalia. Protecting these rights will\nrequire strengthening legal frameworks, harmonizing formal and informal justice systems, and\nproviding greater support to vulnerable populations. Without robust efforts to resolve HLP issues,\nthe cycle of displacement and conflict is likely to continue.\n\n\n\n\n\nWhile a variety of reasons may explain this general de-prioritization of Housing Land and Property\nin humanitarian operations, this paper asserts that there is a pressing need to ensure that all\ninterventions \u2013 at a minimum \u2013 should mainstream HLP \u2013 the international community should\nbe doing to better address the HLP specific needs of people in acute emergencies or post-conflict\ncircumstances, however few addresses housing, land or property issues in anything other than a\nperipheral way.\n\n\n4 Federal Government of Somalia. (2021). National Eviction Guidelines. Mogadishu: Ministry of Planning.\n5 World Bank. (2022). Somalia Economic Update: Strengthening Economic Recovery and Resilience. World Bank Group.\n6 [https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/international-standards.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/international-standards)\n\n\nPage **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Most interventions are focused on lifesaving and fail to go as far as ensuring the sustainability\nof these lifesaving interventions, often implemented on some form of HLP, and none adequately\nhousing, land, or property rights concerns in an integral manner. For instance, the international\ncommunity rarely even uses the term \u2018housing\u2019, let alone \u2018housing rights\u2019, and instead uses the\nterms \u2018shelter\u2019 or \u2018property\u2019 to describe responses to the daily living conditions and housing\nissues confronting displacement affected communities \u2013 which does not help.\n\nHousing rights concerns are far broader than shelter and hence the need to consider a rightsbased approach to HLP. Indeed, housing, land and property issues are extremely complex and\noften difficult to resolve but can be managed if well resourced. Some of the key factors that have\naffected the prioritization of HLP in humanitarian operations include; a lack of staff with expertise\non these issues within the sector; the reluctance of local political elements with vested interests\nin housing or land to support such initiatives; the perception that the HLP rights challenges facing\nthem are simply too large to address; the complexities, scale and historical nature of the\nproblems involved; the financial costs associated with systematically addressing these\nproblems; the perception that addressing these rights could potentially reignite the recently\nended conflict; the lack of major donor support for encompassing approaches to housing, land\nand property rights and many others.\n\nFor instance, in Somalia, the HLP dilemma is extensive because of the massive scale of\ndisplacement, and because of the amount of land and assets involved. Secondly, it is complex\nbecause of the legal uncertainty which resulted, not only from the unlawful occupation of many\nhomes by people without legal title; but also, from the fracturing of the country post 1991 and\nthe plural legal system as well as the widespread destruction or dispersal of many pre-war land\ntitle records. Moreover, HLP is also sensitive for several reasons, and yet displaced people forced\nto leave homes, villages, jobs, and people, all central to their lives, are traumatized by such loss\nhence reluctant to return to their village or place of origin.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES**\n\n\nThe most significant challenges related to HLP rights in Somalia include a weak legal framework,\ninsufficient institutional capacity, unclear land tenure arrangements, and widespread forced\nevictions. Uncertainty surrounding the status and availability of HLP rights further complicates\nthe situation, particularly for IDPs. Additionally, issues of property restitution and land ownership\nare politically sensitive, as territorial control was a major factor in the 1991 conflict.\n\nAlthough these HLP challenges are common in post-conflict settings, in Somalia, they have not\nreceived the attention they warrant. Housing, land, and property disputes are often central to the\nroot causes of conflict and continue to be under-prioritized by both national authorities and the\ninternational community.\n\nHLP matters are particularly delicate in Somalia, as land is one of the few remaining valuable\nassets in a country where infrastructure, agriculture, and industry have been severely damaged\nby decades of conflict. Therefore, this brief aims to provide a clearer understanding of the\nbarriers that have hindered a consistent and comprehensive approach to resolving HLP issues in\nSomalia.\n\n\nPage **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 2: A Woman constructing temporary shelter in Kaxda, Mogadishu, Somalia (Photo: NRC)._\n\n\n\n\n\nPage **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**E** **S**\n\n\n1. **Land Allocation:** Allocating land for IDP settlements and ensuring secure tenure is to\n\ncreate stable, well-organized communities where displaced populations can establish\nlivelihoods and reduce the risks associated with overcrowded informal settlements. With\nsecure tenure, IDPs will be more likely to invest in their homes and local economies,\nthereby promoting community stability and long-term sustainability.\nTo achieve this, the Federal government of Somalia through the office of the Prime\nMinister should lead a process to identify and earmark specific areas for settling IDPs and\ncollaborate with urban planners to design climate-resilient and sustainable settlements in\nthese areas that accommodate IDPs and carter for future population growth in the nearby\nurban cities/town. Identifying and securing land that offers long-term tenure for IDPs will\nprovide stability and enable humanitarian actors to plan infrastructure, such as water and\nsanitation systems, effectively.\n\n2. **Access to HLP Rights and Compensation Mechanisms:** Restoring the HLP rights of\n\ndisplaced populations will foster social cohesion and enable economic recovery. When\npeople can reclaim their homes or receive fair compensation for lost properties, it reduces\ntensions within communities and restores individuals' ability to rebuild their lives. This\npromotes a sense of justice and supports overall recovery in displacement-affected areas.\nTo achieve this, the government needs to create a clear, streamlined process that allows\ndisplaced individuals to file claims for lost or damaged properties. Additionally,\nestablishing a transparent compensation mechanism will ensure that those who cannot\nreclaim their homes receive appropriate compensation. The process must be easily\naccessible and monitored to prevent corruption or delays.\n\n3. **Timely Disbursement of Funds and Local Capacity Building**, the Protection cluster and in\n\nparticular the HLP AoR is the list funded cluster in the Somalia, this has greatly limited\nHLP interventions in all the affected areas. Prioritizing funding by HCT and donors to the\nprotection cluster will enable timely and effective monitoring of HLP issues, collect data\nand inform responses, support system strengthening as well as deliver HLP services and\nprotection to displacement-affected communities in a more efficient and coordinated\nmanner. This will ensure that critical needs are met on time, preventing further\ndisplacement and harm to vulnerable populations. By building local capacity,\nhumanitarian responses will become more sustainable and resilient to future crises.\n\n4. **Reforming the Legal Framework and HLP Registration Systems:** The harmonization of\n\nSomalia\u2019s plural legal systems (customary, Shari\u2019a, and statutory laws) with international\nlegal standards will lead to more consistent and equitable resolution of HLP disputes. This\nwill reduce conflicts over land and property, protect vulnerable groups, and provide a\nclearer legal basis for individuals to assert their rights. Furthermore, establishing a\ntransparent and accessible housing, land, and property registration system will reduce\ndisputes and secure tenure for displaced populations, reducing the risk of land grabbing\nor wrongful eviction.\nTo achieve this, the Protection cluster should carry out a legal analysis to Advocate for\nreview and look for funding to support the federal government especially the parliament\n\n\nPage **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HLP Registration Systems", - "confidence": 0.5389731526374817, - "start": 440, - "end": 443 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "monitoring of HLP issues", - "confidence": 0.6410651206970215, - "start": 361, - "end": 365 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9266922473907471, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displacement-affected communities", - "confidence": 0.9065561294555664, - "start": 384, - "end": 386 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with support of legal experts to draft reforms that integrate the different legal systems.\nThe policies should also guide on the expansion of the national digital registry, particularly\nin conflict-affected areas, this will help documentation of HLP ownership and provide longterm solutions for safeguarding property records, even in times of conflict or disaster.\n\n5. **Addressing Gender Disparities and Supporting Marginalized Communities in accessing**\n\n**HLP rights** : This will increase social equity and protection for vulnerable populations,\nparticularly women and marginalized groups who are disproportionately affected by\ndisplacement. Ensuring that women, especially widows, divorced women, and femaleheaded households, have access to HLP rights will empower them economically and\nreduce their vulnerability to exploitation and discrimination.\nTo achieve this, the Legal reforms must explicitly protect women\u2019s inheritance and\nownership rights, clarifying the interactions with customary laws to ensure that\ndiscriminatory practices do not prevent them from accessing these HLP rights. Secondly,\nprotection cluster through the HLP AoR as well as other clusters should target gate\nkeepers who oven perpetuates some of the discriminations such as targeted evictions\nwith other livelihood opportunities as well as work closely with local governments and\ntraditional leaders or elders.\n\n6. **Preventing Forced Evictions and Enhancing Accountability:** By ensuring that evictions\n\ncomply with national laws and international standards, vulnerable individuals will be less\nlikely to experience homelessness or lose their livelihoods as a result of eviction. This will\nenhance stability in displacement-affected areas and improve the overall protection\nenvironment.\nTo achieve this, the legal analysis should lead to enactment of binding laws that protect\narbitrary evictions. While this may take long, the HCT and Protection cluster should\ncontinue Advocating with the office of the prime minister, that of the mayor of for the\nimplementation of the National Eviction Guidelines and ensure that evictions are\nmonitored to prevent abuse. More so, through protection cluster particular the HLP AoR\nand government and partners, Legal assistance should be provided to IDPs facing\neviction, and alternative housing solutions must be available to those who are evicted to\nensure they are not left homeless.\n\n\n_**Written by.**_\n\n\n_HLP AoR Somalia,_\n\n\n_Contributions by Protection cluster & Shelter cluster._\n\n\nPage **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79f82733-1310-4d09-b97c-419e071cdab1/Joint%20Advocacy%20Paper%20-%20Housing%20Land%20and%20Property%20rights-Somalia%202024F.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_459/raw/doc_459_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_459/raw/doc_459_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d58178cfd86f577038b71155fa9aa45eba35288f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_459/raw/doc_459_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,366 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **JOINT MONITORING REPORT IN REFUGEE HOSTING DISTRICTS**\n\n## **OCTOBER 2021**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** ................................................................................................................................. 3\n\n\n**INTRODUCTION** ............................................................................................................................................ 4\n\n\n**BACKGROUND** .......................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n**OVERVIEW OF HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY IN REFUGEE HOSTING DISTRICTS** ....................................... 4\n\n\n**OBJECTIVES OF THE JOINT MONITORING MISSION** .................................................................................... 7\n\n\n**METHODOLOGY** ............................................................................................................................................ 7\n\n\n**FINDINGS** ...................................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n**A.** **SERVICE DELIVERY** ............................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\n**B.** **MEDICAL PRODUCTS, VACCINES AND TECHNOLOGIES** ................................................................. 13\n\n\n_**C.**_ **HEALTH WORKFORCE** ..................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n**D.** **HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS** .................................................................................................. 14\n\n\n**E.** **HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING** .......................................................................................................... 14\n\n\n**F.** **LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE** ................................................................................................... 15\n\n\n**PRIORITIES FOR 2022** ................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS** ................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\n**A.** **REPROGRAMMING COMMUNITY-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS** ..................................................... 16\n\n\n**B.** **SUPPLY CHAIN** ................................................................................................................................ 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\nThe Joint Monitoring Report provides an analysis of the health sector performance in respect to\n\n\nrefugee health focusing on quality of serviced delivery, level of integration of refugee health in\n\n\nthe public health system, access to essential health care by host communities, challenges and\n\n\nmitigation measures to address them.\n\n\nThe finding and challenges identified are based on the health systems building blocks that\n\n\ndescribe the health system according to WHO framework, categorized under the HSIRRP as\n\n\nstrategic interventions in line with the National Health Policy and Ministry of Health Strategic\n\n\nPlan. These building blocks include; Service delivery, Medical products, vaccines and\n\n\ntechnologies, health workforce, health information systems, health systems financing and\n\n\nleadership and governance. There has been overall improvement in the integration of refugee\n\n\nhealth services as well as the quality of health services however there is strong need for multi\n\nsectoral coordination.\n\n\nThe Recommendations made from the Joint Monitoring Report focus on reprogramming\n\n\ncommunity-based delivery systems and strengthening the medicines supply chain to ensure\n\n\nproper quantification, timely procurement, redistribution, prepositioning and management of\n\n\nmedicines and medical supplies.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9985753297805786, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.9201388955116272, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee health", - "confidence": 0.5064114332199097, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **INTRODUCTION**\n\n### **BACKGROUND**\n\nThe refugee health response is guided by the Health Sector Integrated Response Plan for\n\n\nRefugees & Host Communities (HSIRRP) and UNHCR Public Health Strategic Plan 2018-2022. The\n\n\nHealth Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan (HSIRRP) is an addendum to the National Health\n\n\nSector Development Plan supplementing service delivery in the refugee hosting communities, to\n\n\nmeet the needs of everyone in the targeted areas (refugee host districts). The Health Sector\n\n\nDevelopment Plan (HSDP) provides the strategic direction and guides the operations in the health\n\n\nsector in the medium term, highlighting how it will contribute to Uganda\u2019s 3rd National\n\n\nDevelopment Plan (NDP III).\n\n\nThe interventions under the HSIRRP for refugees and host communities are premised on a\n\n\nnumber of international, regional and national commitments, notably the New York Declaration\n\n\nfor Refugees and Migrants and its Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, and will\n\n\nsupport Uganda to meet its commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in\n\n\nparticular Sustainable Development Goal 3 to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all\n\n\nat all ages by 2030 and the principle of leaving no one behind.\n\n\nThe health sector receives 6.1 % of the national budget which is below the expected 15% as per\n\n\nthe Abuja Declaration that is considered adequate to meet the population health care. Over 41%\n\n\nof expenditure in health is out of pocket, which the population pays to access the health services.\n\n\nThe Health partners supplement the provision of services within the refugee hosting districts\n\n\nhence ensuring access and utilization of services by the communities.\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY IN REFUGEE HOSTING DISTRICTS**\n\n\nIn line with Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), the health services for\n\n\nrefugees are integrated into the District Local Government health services and are implemented\n\n\nin-line with national health policy, Health Sector Development Plan and guidelines. The\n\n\nintegration of health services for refugees focuses on ensuring refugees\u2019 health care is part of the\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ministry of Health programmes and management structures. UNHCR is represented at Health\n\n\nDevelopment Partners, Health Policy Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Health and Technical\n\n\nworking groups at the national level and at the District level, which provide an opportunity for\n\n\nintegration of refugee issues in policies and decisions. Refugees are represented in the oversight\n\n\ncommittees of Global Fund, National Coordination Committees for Malaria, TB etc. Ministry of\n\n\nHealth established a Directorate of Health Governance and Regulation with a Commissioner for\n\n\nHealth Sector Partners and Multi-Sectoral Coordination under which the secretariat of the Health\n\n\nSector Integrated Refugee Response Plan is hosted.\n\n\nThe health services for refugees are provided at 100 health facilities of which 72% of the health\n\n\nfacilities are coded and accredited by the Ministry of Health hence receive support (medicines,\n\n\ngrants, health workers) from the Government of Uganda, while the remaining 28% are either\n\n\ntemporary or semi-permanent structures that cannot be accredited at their current state and\n\n\nthese entirely rely on UNHCR funded partners (NGOs). The health partners support health service\n\n\ndelivery at the government and non-government health facilities in all the 12 refugee hosting\n\n\ndistricts which includes additional human resources, medicines, medical supplies, equipment,\n\n\nambulances, community health interventions and infrastructure development.\n\n\nAll services provided (medical consultations, laboratory tests, medicines, vaccines, inpatient\n\n\nadmissions, deliveries) at the health facilities within the refugee settlement are free, both at the\n\n\ngovernment health facilities and NGO run facilities. In addition, the ambulances supporting\n\n\nmedical referrals within the refugee settlements provide free transport to both refugees and\n\n\nUgandan nationals. About 30% of the patients seen at the health facilities in the refugee\n\n\nsettlements are Ugandan Nationals who prefer to walk long distances to these health facilities in\n\n\nthe refugee settlements because of good quality and free medical care.\n\n\nThe refugees referred to district and tertiary hospitals for care incur no costs since transportation\n\n\nand all related medical costs as well as upkeep are provided by UNHCR and its partners. The\n\n\nrefugees living in urban towns/cities like Kampala accessing free medical care at any government\n\n\nhealth facility. In situations where the government health facility in urban towns lacks specialized\n\n\ninvestigations or medicines, UNHCR supports the refugees to have medical investigations and\n\n\nmedicines from private specialized facilities.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ministry of Health, UNHCR and partners ensure availability of essential medicines for refugees\n\n\nand host communities. The Health partners supplements medicine provided by the government\n\n\nwith medicines from international and local (emergency) medicine procurements. In situations,\n\n\nwhere special medicines are not available at the health facilities, the health partner will procure\n\n\nthese medicines for the patients\n\n\n**Ministry of Health vertical programmes integration**\n\n\nRefugees are now part of the key vertically funded programmes and are therefore included\n\n\nwithout additional cost to UNHCR and partners:\n\n\n - Immunization programmes \u2013 Refugees are included in the Ministry of Health\n\n\nquantification of the vaccines as such UNHCR does not procure any vaccines. Ministry of\n\n\nhealth with partners like UNHCR, UNICEF, IOM and WHO prepare joint proposals to\n\n\nvarious donors for refugee specific vaccinations.\n\n\n - Malaria \u2013 Refugees are included in the country quantification for the Malaria\n\n\ncommodities that are funded by Global Fund for Ministry of Health.\n\n\n - Tuberculosis \u2013 The Refugees settlements are part of the hub-system for collection,\n\n\ntransportation and testing of samples and medicines have been provided free for all forms\n\n\nof Tuberculosis.\n\n\n - HIV/AIDS \u2013 Refugees are integrated in the quantification of the antiretroviral therapy\n\n\ntreatment for the country as well as condoms and HIV testing kits.\n\n\n - Nutrition \u2013 Refugee settlements receive nutrition commodities from the Ministry of\n\n\nHealth through the district health offices. Health workers within the refugee settlements\n\n\nreceive technical support of the regional and district nutritionists.\n\n\n - Health Information System \u2013 Refugee health information system has been integrated into\n\n\nthe national system and all the refugee health facilities report directly into the national\n\n\nsystem.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **OBJECTIVES OF THE JOINT MONITORING MISSION**\n\nThe goal of the assessment was to get better understanding the quality-of-service delivery, level\n\n\nof integration of refugees in the public health system looking at opportunities, barriers and\n\n\nchallenges facing refugees, host communities accessing essential health care, and propose\n\n\ninterventions where necessary and feasible.\n\n\n**Specific Objectives of the Joint Monitoring Mission**\n\n\n1. Determine the uptake of primary and secondary health services as well as explore\n\n\nopportunities, gaps and propose measures to overcome the barriers to health care.\n\n\n2. Strengthen COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures\n\n\n3. Determine whether essential health care commodities are requested according to needs\n\n\nof population (refugees and host community)\n\n\n4. Develop 2022 public health priorities in the face of the dwindling funding\n\n# **METHODOLOGY**\n\n\nThe joint monitoring was conducted in all the Refugee hosting districts. The assessment was\n\n\ncarried at the District Health Office as well as at the Health facilities. Within each refugee hosting\n\n\ndistricts, 4-8 health facilities were assessed, and these were equally distributed in the host\n\n\ncommunity and in the refugee settlements. The health facilities assessed in the refugee\n\n\nsettlements comprised of government and NGO-run health facilities.\n\n\nThe joint monitoring mission assessed all the health system building blocks using a number of\n\n\napproaches which included; Interviews, questionnaires, document reviews, focused group\n\n\ndiscussions and direct observation.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health system building blocks", - "confidence": 0.6620723009109497, - "start": 229, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Refugee hosting districts", - "confidence": 0.694036066532135, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **FINDINGS**\n\n**A.** **SERVICE DELIVERY**\n\n\nThe quality of health services was assessed at all the health facilities visited. All the health\n\n\nfacilities were providing primary health care according to the Ministry of Health standards\n\n\n**SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Maternal Death Audits were being conducted in all the health facilities\n\n\n\u2756 ASHR services are available at all the health facilities\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the deliveries were by skilled birth attendants\n\n\n\u2756 Most of the settlements were conducting pregnancy mapping\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of specialized neonatal equipment eg infant warmers, phototherapy machines,\n\n\nincubators, etc\n\n\n\u2756 Occasional shortage of blood for transfusion of anaemic mothers contributing to some\n\n\nmaternal deaths\n\n\n\u2756 Stockouts of long term family planning methods\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of knowledge and skills in IUD insertion/removal, cervical cancer screening\n\n\n\u2756 Some health facilities are missing guidelines and committees for Maternal Perinatal Death\n\n\nReview surveillance (MPDSR)\n\n\n\u2756 Traditional beliefs and practices in the community (women use traditional remedies to\n\n\naugment labour/align the baby to avoid Cesarean section)\n\n\n**HIV/AIDS & TUBERCULOSIS SERVICES**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Differentiated Service Delivery models are being implemented in majority of the health\n\n\nfacilities\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2756 Elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) is being provided at all health\n\n\nfacilities\n\n\n\u2756 All health facilities visited have adopted the young adolescent program strategy (YAPS)\n\n\nincluding expert clients who provided support and escorted newly identified HIV/AIDS\n\n\nclients\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Stock out of TB and HIV drugs especially for children\n\n\n\u2756 Tracking of adverse events of clients ARV \u2013 DTG (Dolutegravir) containing regimens was\n\n\npoorly documented as facilities lacked tracking forms\n\n\n\u2756 Long Turnaround time (2 weeks to 3 month) for DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)\n\n\ntest for infants\n\n\n**NUTRITION SERVICES**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Nutrition services both curative and preventive interventions, and complementary are\n\n\nprovided at Health Facilities within the refugee settlements while health facilities outside\n\n\nthe refugee settlements mainly provide curative services.\n\n\n\u2756 Most facilities have nutrition services integrated into their facility work plans . Nutrition\n\n\nassessment and classification conducted at all contact points of the health facilities. Use\n\n\nof only MUAC to assess mainly observed outside refugee settlements.Nutrition education\n\n\nand sensitization activities e.g. MIYCAN counseling and support, food and cooking\n\n\ndemonstrations, demo gardening etc., were majorly conducted in health facilities within\n\n\nrefugee settlements\n\n\n\u2756 The use community engagement structures such as (VHTs and care groups) to support\n\n\ncontinuum of care and strengthen community-facility linkages mainly exists or\n\n\noperational at health facilities within refugee settlements\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "young adolescent program strategy", - "confidence": 0.6440558433532715, - "start": 23, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.553009033203125, - "start": 135, - "end": 137 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HIV/AIDS\n\n\nclients", - "confidence": 0.5571110248565674, - "start": 40, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MUAC", - "confidence": 0.9200885891914368, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.6076872944831848, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health facilities", - "confidence": 0.5376155376434326, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Inadequate anthropometric equipment in both Host and Refugee facilities\n\n\n\u2756 Nutrition commodity stockouts and expiries, looming stockouts, gaps in forecasting, gaps\n\nin implementation of FIFO/FEFO, and substandard storage mostly in host community\nfacilities.\n\u2756 Quality Improvement (QI) projects, Work Improvement Teams (WITs), and QI\n\n\ndocumentation are nonexistent or inconsistent.\n\n\n\u2756 Gaps in nutrition guidelines, handbooks, and job aids (IMAM, MIYCAN, NACS etc.) in both\n\n\nrefugee and host.\n\n\n\u2756 Gaps in human resource for nutrition (skeletal to nonexistent staff, lack of training and\n\n\nmentorship) especially in lower grade facilities.\n\n\n\u2756 Targeted Supplementary Feeding (TSFP), and Maternal Child Health and Nutrition (MCHN)\n\n\nservices mostly offered in refugee settlements, which a few outside refugee catchments.\n\n\n**EMERGENCY RESPONSE SERVICES (COVID-19 PANDEMIC)**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 All the districts visited had active district task forces for COVID-19 response\n\n\n\u2756 Health workers had adequate knowledge on infection prevention and control.\n\n\n\u2756 Village Health Teams were highly engaged in disease surveillance and response.\n\n\n\u2756 Screening and testing for COVID-19 was being done in all health facilities.\n\n\n\u2756 COVID-19 vaccination was on going in all the refugee hosting districts\n\n\n\u2756 All the refugee hosting districts were on alert for Ebola following the confirmed outbreak\n\n\nin Congo.\n\n\n\u2756 A wareness and community engagement across all the refugee hosting districts\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of standby oxygen in some health facilities especially in the health facilities outside\n\n\nthe refugee settlements\n\n\n\u2756 There is non-adherence to SOPs for various reasons including ignorance, reluctance,\n\n\nmyths and perception that COVID-19 is not real or a disease of people from the big towns.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2756 Periodic stock outs of some Personal Protective Equipment\n\n\n\u2756 Vaccine hesitancy is still common challenge due to more myths and rumors on social\n\n\nmedia about the vaccines.\n\n\n**COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Village Health Teams (VHTs) were functional across all the districts.\n\n\n\u2756 The VHTs are knowledgeable and aware of all their roles and responsibilities **.**\n\n\n\u2756 The VHTs in refugee settlements have extra roles in other thematic areas such as WASH\n\n\n\u2756 Multi-sectoral support for VHTs from various partners including UNHCR, MTI, Baylor,\n\n\nTASO, Oxfam, Nsamizi, Care, IRC, RHITES, EGPAF and ACF was evident.\n\n\n\u2756 There is a functional linkage between the community and the health facilities.\n\n\n.\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Stock-out of some essential drugs for implementation of the ICCM program\n\n\n\u2756 Self-medication of community members in private unauthorized facilities (clinics and\n\n\npharmacies)\n\n\n\u2756 Poor storage for the iCCM commodities\n\n\n\u2756 Low incentives and Remuneration for the VHTs\n\n\n\u2756 low formal recognition and appreciation for VHTs for the work (certificates, verbal\n\n\nappreciation, awards for good performance).\n\n\n\u2756 Segregation of Village Health Teams (refugees vs national)\n\n\n\u2756 Un-harmonized reporting-multiple reports by partners\n\n\n\u2756 High workload that occupies most of their time.\n\n\n**WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 All the facilities visited had running water either from motorized boreholes or pipe\n\n\nconnections.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2756 Some of the facilities had water-harvesting tanks\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had VIP latrines as well as bathrooms with gender segregation\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Occasional shortages of water at some of the health facilities\n\n\n**HEALTH CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had functional incinerators, placenta pits and ash pits with the\n\n\nexception of Kyegegwa hospital and Panyadoli Hills H/C II that lacked an incinerators\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had IPC focal persons and good IPC practices\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had adequate stock of IPC materials.\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Some of the isolation units had flushable toilets\n\n\n\u2756 Inadequate handwashing facilities in some the health facilities\n\n\n**INFRASTRUCTURE**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities are permanent health facilities with afew exceptions in\n\n\nthe refugee settlements\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 There is unreliable power supply in all facilities where most of them rely on solar, which is\n\n\nmostly non-functional.\n\n\n\u2756 Poor infrastructural in some health facilities characterized by temporary structures as well\n\n\nas leaking roofs and cracked floors\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### B. MEDICAL PRODUCTS, VACCINES AND TECHNOLOGIES\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 Redistribution of medicines and medical supplies was being done in all the refugee hosting\n\n\ndistricts\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities have skilled health workers eg dispensers, pharmacy\n\n\nassistants or technicians.\n\n\n\u2756 All facilities had their commodities organized on shelves and pallets.\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities had good cold chain management\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of computers for ELMIS such as RX solution\n\n\n\u2756 Equipment inventory was not regularly conducted\n\n\n\u2756 Occasional stockout of medicines and medical supplies especially in health facilities\n\n\noutside the refugee settlements due to delayed delivery of essential medicines by NMS\n\n\n\u2756 Weak medicine management controls in the health facilities outside the refugee\n\n\nsettlements ie no stock reconciliation in departments, no clear requisition and\n\n\ndocumentation process.\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities had inadequate storage spaces for medicines/supplies.\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the laboratories were lacking basic diagnostic equipment such as microscopes\n\n\n_**C.**_ **HEALTH WORKFORCE**\n\n\n_**Key Findings**_\n\n\n\u2756 The average staffing levels were 75% with the health facilities in the refugee settlements\n\n\nhaving upto 300% of the recommended staffing level\n\n\n\u2756 Appraisal systems are in place although not standardized\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had manual attendance records\n\n\n\u2756 All the facilities have Continuous professional development (CPD) plans\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of adequate staff in some of the health facilities such as Kyegegwa Hospital and Bisozi\n\n\nHealth Centre 1V, where the staffing levels were at 24.3% and 24.5% respectively\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of biometric-automatic attendance machine\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities were not conducting Continuous Medical Education\n\n\n(CMEs)\n\n\n\u2756 Absenteeism by some health workers especially government health workers stationed in\n\n\nthe refugee settlements\n\n\n\u2756 Inadequate training database of health care workers in health facilities making it difficult\n\n\nto track staff that have attended trainings.\n\n\n**D.** **HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 All the health facilities had a designated / appointed HMIS focal person\n\n\n\u2756 Health workers were trained in death & birth registration systems.\n\n\n\u2756 All facilities had IDSR system\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Some health facilities are not reporting directly in DHIS2\n\n\n\u2756 Most of health facilities did not have performance target\n\n\n\u2756 Lack of data quality improvement plans\n\n\n\u2756 Inadequate HMIS tools (registers, mother passports and referral forms) especially in the\n\n\nhost-community facilities\n\n\n**E.** **HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING**\n\n\nKey Findings\n\n\n\u2756 Recently upgraded health facilities are receiving PHC with exception of Belle HC II that\n\n\nmissed out due to dormant accounts & Ofua HCIII due to mismatch in facility name.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "training database", - "confidence": 0.5864349007606506, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health workers", - "confidence": 0.5976732969284058, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "death & birth registration systems", - "confidence": 0.654339611530304, - "start": 138, - "end": 143 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health workers", - "confidence": 0.6517707705497742, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DHIS2", - "confidence": 0.9580334424972534, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health facilities", - "confidence": 0.9683924913406372, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2756 Majority of the health facilities had PHC guidelines and approved work plan for the health\n\n\nfacility\n\n\n\u2756 Most facilities recently upgraded indicated receiving fund at the previous budget levels\n\n\ndespite the change in the health facility grade.\n\n\n\u2756 All Government health facilities received PHC funds quarterly.\n\n\n\u2756 Approximately 40% of the health facilities visited receive Result Based Financing (RBF).\n\n\n\u2756 No health facility indicated capital investment in their PHC funds\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 Delayed release of PHC was reported in some health facilities especially in Terego\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities didn\u2019t have procurement committees\n\n\n**F.** **LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE**\n\n\n**Key Findings**\n\n\n\u2756 All facilities had functional Health Unit Management Committee with minutes of the\n\n\npreviously meetings.\n\n\n\u2756 Most of the partner-supported facilities participated in stakeholder meetings at district\n\n\nand sub county levels.\n\n\n\u2756 Majority of the health facilities were having routine general staff meetings\n\n\n**Challenges**\n\n\n\u2756 The newly transitioned facilities lack staff with knowledge in PHC grant management and\n\n\nworkplan preparation\n\n\n\u2756 There was display of client charter and services offered by the facilities\n\n\n\u2756 There was irregular support supervision visits and none-documentation in the support\n\n\nsupervision books\n\n\n\u2756 There was poor documentation for some of the meetings, no minutes and proof of\n\n\nattendance\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **PRIORITIES FOR 2022**\n\n1. Health promotion and disease prevention through empowering people and communities\n\n\n2. Strengthening the health system leadership, governance, and accountability to\n\n\nstakeholders\n\n\n3. Multisectoral collaboration with the private health sector and other actors to achieve\n\n\nUniversal Health Coverage.\n\n\n4. Decreasing morbidity from communicable and non-communicable diseases through\n\n\nimproving access to quality primary health care programmes\n\n\n5. Full Integration of refugee health services into national services and explore health\n\n\nfinancing mechanisms\n\n# **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n**A.** **REPROGRAMMING COMMUNITY-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS**\n\n\ni. Identifying interdependencies, mapping, and addressing determinants of health\n\n\nii. Empowering individuals and the communities to identify their needs, participate in the\n\n\nplanning and delivery of services and play an active role in maintaining their own health\n\n\nand well-being through increasing health literacy and access to health information at\n\n\nhome, school, workplace and social hangout places\n\n\niii. Integrating health promotion, prevention, and care services within and across levels of\n\n\ncare (Linking individuals seeking health services at health facilities (OPD clients and\n\n\ndischarged patients) to the entire range of disease promotion, prevention, care,\n\n\nrehabilitation, and palliative care services)\n\n\niv. Co-locating routine chronic care towards outreaches, self-care, home-care and lay care\n\ngivers within families and community.\n\n\nv. Integrating care pathways and mechanisms for people to ensure continuity of care\n\n\nwithin the communities\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vi. Stronger partnerships with patients, families and communities in health services\n\n\nplanning, implementation, and review\n\n\nvii. Establish appropriate community health service packages based on the life stages (age\n\n\nspecific)\n\n\nviii. Support individuals and communities in acquiring the knowledge, skills and resources\n\n\nneeded to maintain their health or the health of those for whom they care, guided by\n\n\nhealth professionals while protecting and promoting solidarity, ethics and human rights\n\n\nix. Strengthen e-health within the communities ensuring access to information as well as\n\n\nlinkages to community interventions\n\n\nx. Strengthen the capacity of health workers in community-based programming to\n\n\ntransform the existing curative, hospital-centred health care mindset to a new one more\n\n\nfocused on primary care, prevention, and health promotion mindset.\n\n\nxi. Strengthening the integration of community health services packages with the\n\n\ncommunity-based delivery systems to optimize reach e.g. deworming, iCCM, nutrition\n\n\nscreening through community structures.\n\n\nxii. A doption of promotive and preventive best practices to increase demand and uptake of\n\n\ncommunity health and nutrition services e.g., Social Behavior Change Communication\n\n\nfor optimal maternal and child nutrition, the Family MUAC approach, scale-up of kitchen\n\n\ngardening et cetera.\n\n#### B. SUPPLY CHAIN\n\ni. Strengthening the medicines supply chain to ensure proper quantification, timely\n\n\nprocurement, redistribution, prepositioning and management of medicines and medical\n\n\nsupplies\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a4d5f15-bc11-4ef1-98bd-36722886aec7/Joint%20Monitoring%20Report%20in%20Refugee%20Hosting%20Districts%20%E2%80%93%20Health%20Sector%20Oct%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_46/raw/doc_46_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_46/raw/doc_46_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fdcca826b77d524f0b782be644497f353427bfb8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_46/raw/doc_46_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS**\n## **IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA**\n\n##### **10 October 2024**\n\n_[UNHCR is also appealing for its response to displacement inside Lebanon and across the border into the Syrian Arab Republic](https://reporting.unhcr.org/document/9279)_\n_[(Syria). Ongoing hostilities and displacement orders in Lebanon continue to displace people - more than 600,000 as of 8 October](https://reporting.unhcr.org/document/9287)_\n_2024, according to the UN. UNHCR is working with humanitarian partners and the authorities to urgently find safe shelter and_\n_provide people with essential relief items, cash assistance, shelter assistance, medical care and other support. In addition, more_\n_than 250,000 people \u2013 both Lebanese and Syrians \u2013 have crossed into Syria in search of safety. UNHCR is coordinating the_\n_inter-agency response to the influx and leads the Protection and Shelter/NFI sectors in Syria._\n\n#### **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n\nThe Middle East and North Africa region continues to face\ncompounding crises.\n\n\nThe number of Sudanese refugees in North Africa has\nincreased substantially over the past 18 months, with more\nthan 700,000 people approaching UNHCR in **Egypt** since\nApril 2023 and nearly 69,000 new arrivals to **Libya** . UNHCR is\nworking with governments and humanitarian partners to sustain\nan emergency response to help those fleeing the horrors of\nwar; however, the regional response to the Sudan situation\ncontinues to be severely underfunded.\n\n\nAfter more than 13 years, the **Syria Situation** remains one of\nthe largest displacement crises in the world. Close to 6 million\nSyrian refugees are hosted in the neighbouring countries.\nMaintaining assistance to Syrian refugees in host countries\nin the region remains of paramount importance, particularly\ngiven the already heightened vulnerabilities among refugees\nin host countries and added pressure on host governments. A\nlack of adequate resources has exacerbated tensions between\nrefugees and host communities, decreased opportunities\nfor livelihoods and strained already overstretched national\nsystems.\n\n\nYears of devastating conflict in **Yemen** have left 18.2 million\npeople dependent on humanitarian assistance. In **Iraq**,\nUNHCR also urgently needs resources to continue supporting\nthe authorities in ensuring access to civil documentation and\ninclusion in the national social safety net for some 1 million\ninternally displaced Iraqis.\n\n\nUNHCR is responding to two refugee situations in **Algeria** : a\nnearly 50-year-old displacement of Sahrawi refugees in five\nrefugee camps near Tindouf in the south-west of the country,\nand an urban asylum-seeker and refugee population of diverse\norigin in Algiers and other governorates.\n\n\n\n**Mauritania** has hosted a significant number of refugees since\n2012 and continues to face a large influx of Malian refugees;\nmore than 100,000 people have arrived in 2024 alone. UNHCR\nis providing vital assistance to the most vulnerable refugees\nand invests in the resilience of more than 250,000 refugees as\nwell as host communities in the Hodh Chargui region.\n\n\nThe number of refugees and asylum-seekers registered with\nUNHCR in **Morocco** increased significantly in recent years.\nUNHCR works to ensure access to asylum and protection\nunder the framework of the National Strategy for Immigration\nand Asylum (SNIA) and towards the inclusion of refugees and\nasylum-seekers in national social protection systems.\n\n\nAmid a rising trend in the magnitude and complexity of forced\ndisplacement and the importance of ensuring self-reliance\nand empowerment, UNHCR is re-emphasizing the approach\nof sustainable programming. While the principles underlying\nsustainable programming are not new, addressing critical\nfunding gaps in MENA operations will support the processes\nrelated to **sustainable programming** in the coming years and\nensure funding is used for longer term benefits to refugees and\nthe countries that host them, and which will be tailored to each\ncountry operations\u2019 contexts.\n\n\nAs the end of 2024 approaches, UNHCR\u2019s operations in the\nregion face a funding shortfall of US$ 1.431 billion. Below is\nan overview of the **most critical funding gaps** and potential\nconsequences for vulnerable populations if additional funds\nare not secured. The UNHCR activities outlined here are part\nof the comprehensive needs presented in the Global Appeal\nand can be implemented by the end of 2024 with additional\nfunding support.\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **ALGERIA**\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n\nCRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024\n\n\nCritical funding need: **$5.5 million**\n\n\n\nRefugee access to crucial legal and identity documents will be diminished, severely restricting their access to essential services\nand increasing their vulnerability. For instance, UNHCR has registered 2,455 individuals so far in 2024, but the average waiting\ntime for the asylum-seeking process is currently 126 days, while registration takes around 156 days. Without additional funding,\nthese delays could be prolonged, leaving people in legal limbo and unable to work or access rights. GBV survivors and others at\nrisk will not have access to safe shelters, psychosocial support, medical care, or access to economic opportunities to facilitate their\neffective reintegration into the community.\n\n\n**WASH**\n\nUNHCR supports the entire refugee population in the five camps near Tindouf \u2013 more than 90,000 refugees [1] - with lifesaving\nhealth and WASH activities. UNHCR will be unable to replace deteriorating reservoirs, extend the water distribution network, or\nenhance water storage and management. This would lead to increased risks of water shortages and contamination, endangering\nthe health of the refugees. Substandard waste and sanitary management would also pose significant health hazards to the camp\nresidents. Access to quality obstetric care and services as well as essential medicines will also be compromised.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n_UN agencies use different points of reference for the population living in the Tindouf refugee camps. For example, UNHCR uses the number 90,000 to refer to the_\n_\u2018most vulnerable refugees\u2019 although recognizing that assistance needs are much higher. The Sahrawi Response Plan launched in November by the UN resident_\n_coordinator in Algeria uses the higher 173,600 figure to ensure humanitarian assistance is comprehensive._\n\n\n### **EGYPT**\n\n**Health**\n\nAs medical needs continue to rise among new arrivals from\nSudan, public health services are overwhelmed, and many\nindividuals face high out-of-pocket costs. Underfunding means\nUNHCR will not be able to support some 16,100 refugee\npatients, including those chronic diseases who depend on\nmonthly medications. Without this support, many lives are at\nrisk.\n\n\n**Education**\n\nCurrently, around 54 per cent of all school-aged arriving from\nSudan are out of school. Education grants are critical to help\nintegrate 73,000 children into the education system in 2024.\nWith the current levels of funding, the operation will be able\nto support only 19,000 school-aged refugee children, leaving\n54,000 students without the assistance they need. This may\nlead to an increase in child labour rates and other negative\ncoping mechanisms.\n\n\n**Basic Needs**\n\nThe growing refugee population in Egypt, combined with\nthe challenging socio-economic environment, has drastically\nincreased the need for assistance to meet basic needs. Without\nadditional funding, 72,000 refugees will be left without support,\nheightening their risk of exposure to harsh weather, inadequate\nhousing, and homelessness.\n\n\n\nCritical funding need: **$7.2 million**\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **IRAQ**\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n\nCRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024\n\n\nCritical funding need: **$40 million**\n\n\n\nRegistration and documentation renewal will be delayed for some 31,000 people, putting them at risk of arrest, detention and\ndeportation. Freedom of movement will be restricted and access to public services and livelihoods will be curtailed. Around 35,000\nrefugees and asylum-seekers will also not have access to legal assistance to protect them from these risks and address legal\nissues that ensure their safety.\n\n\n**Education**\n\nSome 21,000 school-aged Syrian refugee children in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq remain out of school. Funding is crucial to build\nmore schools to increase enrollment and to provide 50,000 refugee students with transportation support, remedial and Kurdish\nlanguage classes and learning materials. This is essential to support the Government commitment to include refugee children in\nthe national education system. Prolonged lack of access to quality public education will impede their ability to achieve economic\nself-reliance and undermine social cohesion between refugee and host communities.\n\n\n**Basic Needs**\n\nIn Iraq, the most socio-economically vulnerable refugees depend on multipurpose cash assistance from UNHCR to cover essential\nneeds such as food, healthcare, and rent. Without sustained funding, 76,000 vulnerable refugees, including female-headed\nhouseholds, people with disabilities, and the elderly, through this vital cash assistance risk falling into further hardship and poverty.\nThis includes being driven to adopt harmful coping mechanisms like reducing food intake, entering into early or forced marriages,\nor becoming trapped in cycles of debt.\n\n\n### **JORDAN**\n\n**Basic Needs**\n\nUNHCR cash assistance provides a critical lifeline to vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers\nin Jordan. Some 32,000 of the most vulnerable\nrefugees would confront increased poverty and\nhardship, unable to pay their rent, reducing food\nconsumption and exacerbating malnutrition levels\nif additional funding is not secured. Refugees\nmight resort to child labour, forced marriage, or\ntaking on additional debt.\n\n\n**Shelter**\n\nThe conditions of the shelters (\u201ccaravans\u201d) in\nZaatari and Azraq refugee camps remain critical\ndue to the wear and tear and limited life span\nof such shelters. Without additional shelter\nsupport, some 4,300 people in the camps would\nbe more exposed to harsh weather, health risks,\nand protection issues, including gender-based\nviolence. Existing shelters might also become\novercrowded, leading to deteriorating living\nconditions and increased tension among camp\nresidents.\n\n\n**Health**\n\nSome 97,000 refugees and asylum-seekers face\nreduced access to essential health services,\nincluding primary, secondary, and tertiary care.\nThis could lead to increased mortality and\noverburdened local health facilities, affecting both\nrefugees and host communities. Crucial mental\nhealth services will also be affected.\n\n\n\nCritical funding need: **$31 million**\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024\n\n\n**Health**\n\nUnderfunding will severely limit UNHCR\u2019s ability to provide essential health services for 35,000 members of Sudanese refugee and\nhost communities - including vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic health\nconditions - leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Without adequate funding, critical interventions such as medical\nsupplies, vaccinations, maternal and child health services, and treatment for communicable diseases will be drastically reduced.\nThis shortage will exacerbate existing health challenges, potentially leading to outbreaks of preventable diseases and worsening\noverall public health conditions. Moreover, the inability to support health facilities adequately will strain the local healthcare\ninfrastructure, diminishing both the quality and accessibility of care for all populations involved.\n\n\n**Protection**\n\nLocal authorities and ministries in the east are implementing a registration system and documentation to facilitate access to services\nand freedom of movement, in accordance with the Ministry of Interior\u2019s decision. So far, authorities have registered and issued\n30,000 cards, but their resources have quickly depleted and they are running out of resources to continue registration. UNHCR has\nbeen requested to support this initiative, as resource shortages risk preventing further registration, exposing refugees to potential\ndeportation and increased GBV risks. Approximately 40,000 vulnerable individuals will be directly impacted, including women,\nchildren, and other vulnerable groups among the Sudanese refugee population.\n\n\n**Shelter and Core Relief Items**\n\nOvercrowded and inadequate shelters heighten the risk of disease transmission and compromise the safety and dignity of refugees,\nwith current shelter solutions falling below minimum humanitarian standards. In-kind support will be provided to Sudanese refugees\nwith heightened risk and vulnerability if funding is available.\n\n\n**Education**\n\nOnly one-third of primary school-aged children and 5% of secondary school-aged children in Mbera refugee camp are enrolled due\nto lack of financial means, documentation, and schools. The situation is equally dire outside of the camp in Hodh Chargui, where\nthe enrolment rate is only 6%. School kits, capacity building and salaries for teachers, and support to transition from the Malian to\nMauritanian curriculum will all increase access to education for some 45,000 refugee children.\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024\n\n\n**Shelter**\n\nMbera camp now hosts over 110,000 refugees against a capacity of 70,000. UNHCR cannot meet the shelter needs of all new\narrivals through its cash for shelter programme, without additional resources. Camp infrastructure also require rehabilitation\nfollowing degradation resulting from harsh climate conditions. Housing needs have also spiked outside of the camp and 70 sites\nin Hodh Chargui is hosting over 130,000 refugees (87% women and children). UNHCR does not have adequate resources to invest\nin sustainable housing solutions and community infrastructure, decongest the camp and improve services in host communities.\n\n\n**WASH**\n\nHodh Chargui is vulnerable to desertification and drought, and faces significant stress on water resources. In Mbera camp, the\nratio of over 40 people per latrine in some areas expose refugees and surrounding communities to significant health and hygiene\nrisks. Access to water and proper maintenance of WASH services are vital to ensure decent living conditions for some 120,000\npeople and peaceful coexistence with host communities.\n\n\n**Basic Needs and Livelihoods**\n\nWith the growing refugee population in Morocco and limited resources, a growing number of refugees are in desperate need of\nassistance to meet their basic needs. Without additional funding, basic assistance for some 1,600 families will be reduced. Support\nto promote income-generating activities, vocational training and job placements will also be compromised, further increasing the\nnumber of refugees relying on cash assistance to cover their basic needs.\n\n\n**Education**\n\nEducation assistance to some 1,200 refugee children registered in Moroccan public schools, which plays a key role in reducing\nschool dropouts and negative coping mechanisms such as child labour and/or marriage, will also be compromised.\n\n\n**Health**\n\nPending the inclusion of refugees in the ongoing social protection reform, UNHCR remains a main stakeholder supporting refugees\u2019\naccess to secondary and tertiary healthcare. Lack of funding will impact UNHCR\u2019s capacity to pay for critically needed medication\nand lifesaving specialized medical interventions for more than 500 vulnerable refugees.\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024\n\n\n**Basic Needs**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s cash-based assistance targets only the most vulnerable; those who live hand to mouth in truly precarious and desperate\nsituations. Multi-purpose cash assistance assists families to put food on the table, pay for medicines, and keep children in school.\nEmergency cash assistance is disbursed rapidly for urgent cases, such as for those at risk of eviction from their homes or in need of\nimmediate and life-saving medical care. Cash for Protection works with refugees within a case management framework to address\nspecific and often more complicated protection issues holistically. Around 46,000 IDPs and 3,100 refugee households are affected\nby the current funding shortfall.\n\n\n**Protection**\n\nHolding an identity document is one of life\u2019s basics. Without an ID card, one cannot access basic services, freedom of movement\nis reduced, and risk of detention and arrest increased. Finding work is also made more difficult. According to UNHCR\u2019s protection\nmonitoring, over 54% of families have at least one child without a birth certificate, and 71% have family members without national\nidentity cards. Displaced populations are often unable to access or have lost civil documentation and face challenges getting\nreplacements for reasons connected to their displacement. Often legal assistance is needed to resolve the issue and access to\njustice is inhibited by the lack of identity documents. Without additional funding, 12,780 IDPs and IDP returnees won\u2019t be able to\naccess identity documents or legal assistance.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring found that 91% of IDP households have at least one member with a vulnerability. Without additional\nfunding, 3,170 extremely vulnerable people will go without urgent tailored support to those processing trauma and living with mental\nhealth issues, survivors of gender-based violence, elderly individuals often living alone, and people with disabilities.\n\n\n[For more information, please contact the UNHCR MENA Regional Ofce in Amman (Jordan) at: MENAreporting@unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) ~~6~~\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd8bae-8669-44c4-af93-53df14bba12c/2024Critical_Funding_Needs_in_MENA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_460/raw/doc_460_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_460/raw/doc_460_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 733a82bf11e6fc3c68d2839977efb307454c1e8f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_460/raw/doc_460_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**June 2025**\n\n\nJOINT NGO POLICY BRIEF | INTER-AGENCY WORKING GROUP FOR EAST & CENTRAL AFRICA\n# **EAST AFRICA: A REFUGEE** **HAVEN UNDER THREAT**\n\n### **Introduction**\n\nEast Africa has long hosted major refugee populations, owing both to the presence of some of the world's\nmost severe and protracted crises - whether in the region or at its borders - and to the open-door refugee\npolicies adopted by several of its countries. Violence and hunger caused by conflicts in South Sudan,\nSudan, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have continuously forced millions to flee in the\n[past decade. Some six million](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/uga) refugees come from those four countries alone. Today, the growing impacts\nof climate change further exacerbate these displacement trends, with droughts and floods becoming so\nsevere that people have no other choice but to cross borders to seek asylum and cover their basic needs.\n\n\nIn response, countries such\nas Uganda, Kenya and\nEthiopia have consistently\nmaintained open borders,\nhosting vast refugee\npopulations in camps such\nas Dadaab and Kakuma in\nKenya and Nakivale,\nAdjumani and Bidi Bidi in\nUganda, which are among\nthe largest in the world.\nTogether, these three\ncountries currently host\n[approximately 3.8 million](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/uga)\nrefugees (up from 2.7\nmillion in 2020),\nrepresenting 10% of all\nrefugees worldwide.\nDespite limited resources, these governments maintain or adopt relatively progressive refugee policies,\noffering shelter, education, and livelihood opportunities, while also supporting refugees\u2019 self-reliance.\n\nHowever, the prolonged and recurring nature of these crises, coupled with economic strain and dwindling\nfunds for refugee responses globally, has tested the region's capacity to implement its progressive refugee\npolicies and facilitate refugees\u2019 meaningful integration. At a time when cost-effectiveness is more\nimportant than ever, refugee-hosting governments and their international donors should pursue two clear\npriorities: redoubling efforts to address the root causes of the crises people continue to flee, and\naccelerating progress on refugee self-reliance and integration.\n\n### **Hosting capacities overstretched**\n\nThe number of refugees in East Africa continues to rise relentlessly, and the countries that host them are\nseeing their capacities stretched to the brink. In the first five months of 2025, nearly 100,000 refugees\nalready arrived in Uganda, a number far above projections. Overcrowding has become too common in\nmany hosting areas. Kenya\u2019s Kakuma camp, originally designed for 90,000 people, now holds over\n\n\nJoint NGO Policy Brief | East Africa: A Refugee Haven Under Threat | June 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44a94a6d-d4cd-5bd1-925a-97d10ed95626/Joint%20NGO%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20East%20Africa%20Refugee%20Haven%20Under%20Threat%20-%20June%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "280,000, while Uganda\u2019s Bidibidi settlement, once a temporary\nresponse to South Sudan\u2019s crisis, now hosts 207,000\nrefugees, far exceeding its planned capacity. Overcrowding _**Urban Refugees: A Growing**_\nhas led to severe shortages: in Kakuma, families of six or more _**and Neglected Population**_\noften cram into single tents, and water points serve up to 500\npeople per tap. Sanitation is dire, with reports of overflowing _Today, approximately 70% of_\nlatrines and disease outbreaks, including cholera, becoming _refugees worldwide live in urban_\nrecurrent risks. In Uganda, refugees report having to share _areas. In East Africa, a smaller but_\nalready small plots of land with other families due to _still significant proportion of_\novercrowding in settlements. _refugees choose to live in urban_\n\n_[areas: 9% in Kenya, 13% in](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/ken)_\n\nFood insecurity has risen sharply among refugee populations _[Uganda, and 7.4% in Ethiopia. Over](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115462)_\nin the past years. In Uganda, the World Food Program (WFP) _the past few years those numbers_\nhas been forced to cut food rations multiple times since 2021 _have grown consistently, as_\ndue to a constrained budget. In 2023, assistance for what are _refugees move to urban centers in_\nconsidered \u201cless vulnerable families\u201d was slashed to 30% of _search of better livelihood_\nwhat is required to cover basic needs, leaving families to _opportunities. While urban refugees_\n\n_are often assumed to be more self-_\n\nsurvive on USD 6 per person per month\u2014far below the\n\n_reliant than their counterparts that_\n\nsurvival threshold. In March 2025, that percentage was cut\n\n_live in camps or settlements, they_\n\n[down further to 22%; in May, one million refugees were](https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/115130)\n\n_[tend to face their own set of distinct](https://www.cgdev.org/publication/how-donors-can-better-support-urban-refugees-kampala-and-nairobi)_\n\nremoved entirely from food distributions. A 2023 UNHCR\n\n_[challenges, including for access to](https://www.cgdev.org/publication/how-donors-can-better-support-urban-refugees-kampala-and-nairobi)_\n\n[report](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107450) revealed that over 90% of South Sudanese refugees in\n\n_documentation, to decent housing,_\n\nUganda cannot meet basic food needs, pushing many into\n\n_as well as to social and professional_\n\ndangerous coping mechanisms like child labor, early\n\n_networks. In Kenya, for example,_\n\nmarriages, and skipping meals. Similar measures have been\n\n_lack of access to documentation as_\n\nimplemented in Kenya\u2019s Kakuma camp, where WFP reduced _[well as inconsistent requirements](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/perspectives-and-commentaries/the-new-refugee-act-in-kenya-and-what-it-means-for-refugees/)_\n[food rations to 40% of the basic minimum](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/mar/05/refugees-clashes-police-kakuma-camp-kenya-protests-cuts-wfp-unhcr-food-aid-us-freeze) in March 2025. _remain a significant challenge for_\nMeanwhile, the resilience capacities of host communities\u2014 _urban refugees, impeding their_\nalready struggling with poverty\u2014are further strained. In _ability to access basic services as_\nnorthern Uganda, where Bidibidi is located, poverty rates are _well as their ability to seek formal_\n[consistently above the national average, reaching 63% in](https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/08_2022Multi_Poverty_Dimensional_Index_Report_2022.pdf) _employment. In Uganda, urban_\n[2022.](https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/08_2022Multi_Poverty_Dimensional_Index_Report_2022.pdf) _refugees face similar challenges_\n\n_[accessing services, with up to two](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/legal-protection-needs-of-refugees-self-settled-in-secondary-cities-in-uganda)_\n\n[Additionally, while in many areas studies](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/repository/10c4c710/IMPACT-REACH-UGA_Situation-Overview-Movement-Livelihood-and-access-to-basic-services-in-Adjumani-Town_-August-2024.pdf) show that host _[thirds of urban refugee families](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/legal-protection-needs-of-refugees-self-settled-in-secondary-cities-in-uganda)_\ncommunities appreciate refugees\u2019 contributions to the local _surveyed in 2024 found not to have_\n[economy and welcome](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2025/04/21/kenya-embraces-refugee-integration-citizens-are-on-board-dadaab-kukuma) initiatives to improve refugees\u2019 _birth registration for all dependents,_\n[integration, as refugees and hosts increasingly compete](https://sihma.org.za/Blog-on-the-move/land-livelihood-and-limited-resources-uganda-s-refugee-hosting-challenge) for _limiting access to essential services._\n\n_While recent policy shifts in Kenya,_\n\nscarce firewood, water, and arable land, tensions could\n\n_including the recently adopted_\n\ndeepen and threaten this peaceful coexistence.\n\n_Shirika Plan, promise to improve_\n_economic integration for camp-_\n\nToday, in light of ever-increasing funding cuts to refugee\n\n_based refugees, many questions_\n\nresponses and unabated conflict and climate shocks driving\n\n_remain unanswered about how the_\n\ndisplacement in the region, East Africa\u2019s refugee-hosting\n\n_proposed changes will apply to_\n\nmodel\u2014once praised for its progressive policies\u2014is at risk,\n\n_urban-based refugees._\n\nthreatening hard fought gains for refugees\u2019 protection and\nintegration.\n\n### **Progressive policies and their implementation gaps**\n\nEast African countries have made huge strides in translating the potential that refugee populations\nrepresent for their economies and societies into relatively progressive policies that promote an enabling\nenvironment for refugees to build livelihoods and sustain themselves. In theory, these policies represent\nan opportunity for refugees to integrate into their host communities and for international actors to move\nbeyond short-term aid that often leads to dependency, towards long-term support of refugees\u2019 resilience to\nachieve mutual benefits for host communities and refugees alike.\n\nFor example, **Uganda** \u2019s right-to-work and freedom of movement policies allow refugees to start\nbusinesses, access land, and integrate into local labor markets, boosting economic growth in host regions.\n\n\nJoint NGO Policy Brief | East Africa: A Refugee Haven Under Threat | June 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44a94a6d-d4cd-5bd1-925a-97d10ed95626/Joint%20NGO%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20East%20Africa%20Refugee%20Haven%20Under%20Threat%20-%20June%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Uganda has long been lauded worldwide for its progressive refugee-hosting model, which is in line with\nthe Global Compact on Refugees. **Kenya** \u2019s passage of the Refugee Act in 2021 marked a significant shift\nin its refugee policy, moving away from a camp-centric model in which refugees rely on humanitarian aid\nand towards a model of local integration that allows refugees to contribute to their own and their host\ncommunities\u2019 socio-economic development. The recent launch of the Shirika Plan goes even further,\naiming to turn the country\u2019s two refugee camps \u2013 Dadaab and Kakuma \u2013 into self-reliant integrated\nsettlements, allowing refugees and host communities to live and work side by side and access donor and\ngovernment services. **Ethiopia\u2019s** Out-of-Camp Policy enables skilled refugees to fill labor gaps in urban\nareas, supporting national development while restoring dignity and autonomy to displaced people.\n\nYet in practice, implementation of these policies is still lagging, hampered by a combination of\n[bureaucratic and political barriers. In](https://www.icvanetwork.org/uploads/2025/02/ICVA-ESA-Webinar-One-Summary-Report.pdf) **Uganda**, refugees still face obstacles in securing formal employment\ndue to lengthy work permit delays and employer discrimination. Additionally, land allocated for agriculture\nis often insufficient or of poor quality - an issue exacerbated by the growing impacts of climate change leaving many reliant on aid despite land access. In **Kenya**, many refugees in urban areas still struggle to\nobtain identification documents, limiting their access to banking, social services and business support, and\n[complex work permit requirements](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports-briefs/removing-red-tape-to-get-kenyas-refugee-act-right/) block their access to employment. In **Ethiopia**, while the country\u2019s\nrevised refugee law (2019) allows access to education and livelihoods, bureaucratic inefficiencies and\nsecurity concerns have stalled implementation. Many refugees remain confined to camps like Jijiga and\nGambella, with limited opportunities to benefit from the law\u2019s provisions.\n\nThese barriers are not only at odds with the very policies these countries have adopted but also fail to\nadhere to the broader refugee policy framework in East Africa. The 2017 IGAD Djibouti Declaration on\n[Refugee Education, the 2019 Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods, and Self-Reliance, and the 2023](https://igad.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-IGAD-EAC-Ministerial-Declaration-on-Durable-Solutions-for-Refugees-English.pdf)\n[Munyonyo Declaration on Durable Solutions for Refugees](https://igad.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-IGAD-EAC-Ministerial-Declaration-on-Durable-Solutions-for-Refugees-English.pdf) all include commitments to support the\nprotection and socio-economic inclusion of refugees. This includes commitments to \u201cstrengthen the\nimplementation of existing refugee policy and legal frameworks, to address the legal and practical barriers\nto enabling refugee economic inclusion,\u201d and to \u201cpromote equal access to economic opportunities for\n[refugees in host countries.\u201d At a continental level, the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention](https://au.int/en/treaties/oau-convention-governing-specific-aspects-refugee-problems-africa) encourages host\ncountries to allow refugees to move freely within their territories and urges member states to provide\nrefugees with the right to work and to integrate them into existing social and economic structures.\n\nGiven the region's collective approach to refugee management, host countries should be held accountable\nfor their adherence to these policies, ensuring that commitments translate into tangible improvements in\nrefugees' lives. Without stronger enforcement mechanisms and political will, these progressive frameworks\nrisk remaining symbolic rather than transformative.\n\n### **The devastating impacts of dwindling funds**\n\nIn all contexts, refugee responses are suffering from growing funding gaps which, in light of recent\nannouncements of reduced ODA levels from several major donors including the United Kingdom, France,\nGermany and the United States, will likely continue to widen going forwards. The brutal and abrupt funding\ncuts imposed by the Trump administration since January 2025 are especially devastating. In 2024, the US\n[funded](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113072) some 45% of the refugee response in Uganda and Kenya, and 56% of the refugee response in\nEthiopia. In Uganda, education programming is particularly hard hit by the cuts, with thousands of\nteachers being withdrawn from schools serving refugee children in a country that is composed of\napproximately 60% children.\n\nThe lack of funds for refugee responses does not only lead to reduced food rations and other basic\nservices or rising food insecurity and malnutrition rates among refugee populations but is also a potential\ndeterrent for host governments to continue showing generosity towards refugees. In Uganda for example,\n[government officials have pointed](https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/uganda-decries-lack-of-funds-to-host-refugees-3764062) to the lack of international financial support for their refugee response\nas a threat to their open door and progressive policies. Recently, the Kenya government has also\n[highlighted](https://refugee.go.ke/kenya-calls-increased-global-support-refugees-amid-rising-challenges) their continued commitment to refugee protection while calling on the international community\nto step up funding and support for refugees and host communities.\n\nIn some countries, plans have been developed to slowly transition some refugee services such as\nhealthcare and education over to the government. But without adequate funding strategies either from the\ngovernment itself or from its donors, the likelihood of such plans currently looks tenuous. The risk we face\nis that ongoing funding cuts will push international actors to handover services to the government before\nsuch strategies are in place, and those services will no longer be available to refugees.\n\n\nJoint NGO Policy Brief | East Africa: A Refugee Haven Under Threat | June 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44a94a6d-d4cd-5bd1-925a-97d10ed95626/Joint%20NGO%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20East%20Africa%20Refugee%20Haven%20Under%20Threat%20-%20June%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This funding crisis demands an urgent\nexpansion of financial support beyond\n\n_**Case study 1: Supporting refugees\u2019 self-**_ traditional humanitarian aid to include\n_**reliance through resilient market systems**_ development actors, financial\n\ninstitutions, and private sector partners.\nWhile emergency assistance remains\n\n_[Now in its fourth year, the DREAMS program aims to](https://www.mercycorps.org/what-we-do/delivering-resilient-enterprises-and-market-systems)_\n\ncritical as displacement flows persist,\n\n_empower 150,000 refugees by fostering self-reliance,_\n\nsustainable solutions require long-term\n\n_resilience, and economic inclusion across Uganda,_\n\nand predictable investments in refugee\n\n_Ethiopia, and Tanzania through an innovative_\n\nself-reliance and host community\n\n_approach: combining Market Systems Development_\n\nsupport. Such investments could also\n\n_(MSD) with poverty graduation to enhance scalability_\n\nincentivize national governments to\n\n_and long-term self-reliance in refugee settings, where_\n\nincrease their own efforts to advance\n\n_markets can often be under-developed. Led by Mercy_\n_Corps and Village Enterprise, DREAMS targets the_ refugee integration by revising national\n_most marginalized populations, providing them with the_ budget allocations and prioritizing full\n_capital and skills to launch small businesses while_ implementation of refugee policies. The\n_strengthening relationships with private sector actors to_ current over-reliance on dwindling\n_ensure market access, technical support, and long-_ humanitarian funding not only fails to\n_[term resources for these communities. A recent annual](https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/dreams-brief-march-2025-impact-at-3-years.pdf)_ fully meet the growing needs but\n_[household survey in the Bidibidi and Rhino Camp](https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/dreams-brief-march-2025-impact-at-3-years.pdf)_ actively undermines the political will of\n_settlements in Uganda assessed the performance of_ host countries to maintain progressive\n_the program and showed significant impact on several_ refugee policies, risking a dangerous\n_fronts: For example, 76% of surveyed participants_ retreat from the region's commitments\n_reported an increase in their household income of an_ to protection and integration. The lack of\n_average 10% over the past year, and 85% of_\n\nsupport and responsibility-sharing from\n\n_participants reported having access to financial_\n\nthe international community - despite\n\n_services in the two settlements, already surpassing the_\n\nbeing a key objective of the Global\n\n_program\u2019s target set at 70%._\n\nCompact on Refugees - is only\nexacerbating that risk.\n\nRefugee self-reliance programs reduce\nlong-term aid costs by enabling households to generate their own income. In Uganda, refugees with land\naccess have increased agricultural output, supplementing WFP rations. In Kenya, refugee-run businesses\n[in Kakuma contribute over $56 million](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/perspectives-and-commentaries/the-new-refugee-act-in-kenya-and-what-it-means-for-refugees/) annually to the local economy. Supporting the successful\nimplementation of these policies is thus not just a humanitarian imperative\u2014it is a fiscally responsible\nstrategy for both donors and host governments.\n\n\n_**Case study 2: Supporting urban refugees achieve economic self-reliance**_\n\n_[Re:BUiLD is a five-year program that is made possible through a \u20ac30 million investment by the IKEA](https://rebuild.rescue.org/)_\n_Foundation. Implemented in Nairobi, Kenya and Kampala, Uganda, Re:BUiLD is led by the_\n_International Rescue Committee, in partnership with governments, academia, refugee-led_\n_organizations, local partners and the private sector. The program is designed to deliver quality_\n_economic self-reliance interventions to foster stronger, more inclusive urban economic, regulatory,_\n_and social systems. It also includes a strong learning component to identify what works and what_\n_doesn\u2019t work for urban refugees and their host communities. Over the past five years, the program_\n_has created change at multiple levels, from expanding access to livelihood opportunities and inclusive_\n_services in local communities to influencing refugee-related policies and improving service delivery by_\n_national, regional, and global actors. By the end of year four, the Re: BUiLD program had directly_\n_served 20,738 clients with livelihood services and market-oriented interventions and indirectly_\n_impacted over 103,000 refugees and their host communities. More than 62% of clients reported an_\n_increase in their monthly income. 38% percent of clients had secured wage employment, while 45%_\n_were gainfully self-employed_ _**.**_\n\n\nJoint NGO Policy Brief | East Africa: A Refugee Haven Under Threat | June 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44a94a6d-d4cd-5bd1-925a-97d10ed95626/Joint%20NGO%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20East%20Africa%20Refugee%20Haven%20Under%20Threat%20-%20June%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **KEY RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n**To host governments:**\n\n\n - **Maintain open borders and asylum space** for people fleeing conflict and climate shocks across\nEast and Central Africa, enabling them to access safety and life-saving humanitarian assistance.\n\n - **Prioritize policy and legal reforms** that will enable the full implementation of the regional and\nnational policies that aim to achieve inclusion and self-reliance for refugees, based on consultation\nwith refugees and refugee-led organizations themselves about the key barriers to their integration,\nincluding access to documentation, their legal right to work, their ability to enroll in schools and to\naccess services such as healthcare and adequate housing.\n\n**To donors:**\n\n\n - **Urgently fill the funding gaps faced by refugee responses** in major hosting countries in East\nAfrica and improve the flexibility and predictability of such funding, to allow governments and aid\norganizations to address urgent needs while also building resilience and working towards durable\nsolutions for both refugees and host communities.\n\n - **Increase efforts to address the root causes of refugee flows** in East and Central Africa. This\nincludes increased diplomatic engagement on protracted crises in the region, such as the DRC\nand Sudan, to support political solutions to the conflicts and restore a conducive environment for\nsafe returns, as well as increase investments in climate resilience for the countries and\ncommunities who are the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.\n\n - **Development donors should increase investments targeting refugee-hosting areas** in East\nAfrica, prioritizing long-term financing to initiatives that support refugee self-reliance and\nintegration. Similarly, humanitarian and development donors should enhance coordination to\nimprove the balance and complementarity of humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding\nfunding flows to refugee responses across East Africa, facilitating transitions from dependency to\ninclusion and self-reliance for displaced populations.\n\n**Signatory organizations:**\n\n\nJoint NGO Policy Brief | East Africa: A Refugee Haven Under Threat | June 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44a94a6d-d4cd-5bd1-925a-97d10ed95626/Joint%20NGO%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20East%20Africa%20Refugee%20Haven%20Under%20Threat%20-%20June%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_461/raw/doc_461_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_461/raw/doc_461_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0f13318e4e97478a5fed4d49ca5949b34ac3640e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_461/raw/doc_461_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,944 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS**\n\nThis study would not have been possible without the efforts of the Medair, Children\nAid South Sudan, Impact Health Organization, The Rescue Initiative South Sudan,\nand United Network for Health workers in South Sudan country teams. This survey\nwas undertaken in collaboration with the South Sudan Health Cluster and South\nSudan Protection Cluster. In addition, the survey team wants to thank all\nrespondents who shared their experiences as part of this survey.\n\n\nThe survey team also wants to thank the participants to the Joint Analysis Session,\nheld on the 1 [st] of September 2022 in Juba, South Sudan.\n\n\nPhoto Credits (left to right)\n\n\n - IRC staff takes care of Peter, held by his mother, at home in Northern Bahr El Ghazal, South Sudan, 2021.\nAdrienne Surprenant, 2021\n\n - IRC nutrition staff during house visits in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan Adrienne Surprenant, 2021\n\n - Counseling by IRC staff, in Jamjang, South Sudan, Adrienne Surprenant, 2021\n\n\n_Survey undertaken in collaboration with_\n\n\n_This document covers humanitarian aid activities implemented with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein should not_\n_be taken, in any way, to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of_\n_the information it contains._\n\n2 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9336740970611572, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6744356155395508, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "survey team", - "confidence": 0.8464275002479553, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.983633816242218, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9113414287567139, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **TABLE OF CONTENTS** \u2756 Context \u2756 Methodology \u2756 Main threats to the safety of patients and staff \u2756 Effects on the health system and population \u2756 Recommendations for response \u2756 Annex A | Questionnaire\n\n3 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CONTEXT**\n\n1 HNO February 2022 https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2022february-2022\n2 Ibid\n3 Ibid\n4 Ibid\n5 Government of South Sudan and WHO, 7 September 2022, South Sudan Cholera Outbreak Situation Report #7,\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-cholera-outbreak-situation-report-no-017-4-september-2022\n\n\n4 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **METHODOLOGY**\n\nThe objective of the study is twofold: to identify incidents of violence against health\ncare as experienced by health care staff since the start of 2021 and to better\nunderstand health workers perspectives on causes, impact and what works in terms\nof prevention and response.\n\nBetween 11 and 30 August 2022, 126 health workers across all states in South Sudan\nprovided their perspectives on the following main research questions:\n\n\n\u2756 Can health care workers **SAFELY DO THEIR WORK**, and if not why?\n\n\n\u2756 What are most **COMMON INCIDENTS** of violence against health care workers\n\nsince start 2021 and what are the characteristics of these incidents?\n\n\n\u2756 What has been the **IMPACT** of these incidents on staff wellbeing and work, on\n\nthe health system, on access to health care and nutrition services for the wider\ncommunity?\n\n\n\u2756 What are the **PRIORITIES** in preventing such incidents and reducing their\n\nimpact?\n\n\nThese insights were collected using a self-administered, online form. [6] Efforts have\nbeen made to include health workers in areas with limited connectivity, including by\nproviding transport to areas with connectivity.\n\n\nThe report follows the WHO\u2019s definition of an attack on health care: \u2018 _any act of verbal_\n_or physical violence, threat of violence or other psychological violence, or obstruction_\n_that interferes with the availability, access and delivery of curative and/or preventive_\n_health services_ .\u2019 Of the 66 reported incidents, 23 were excluded from the final analysis\ndue to insufficient geographic detail, a lack of a coherent description of events, or\nbecause they concerned general violence in an area (unless health workers were\nreportedly injured or killed during this violence).\n\n\nThe Protection Analytical Framework, tailored to include threats affecting health care,\nformed the basis for the analysis. [7] The questions were processed and summarized\nusing the \u201cDedoose\u201d software. Initial results were interpreted by 25 protection and\nhealth experts during a joint analysis session on the 1 [st] of September 2022.\n\n\n6 This method was chosen considering two factors: research feasibility and response bias. Lessons learned from\nsurveys with health workers in different countries have shown that it can be difficult to plan data collection with this\ngroup of respondents, due to their high and volatile workload. A short, self-administered survey allows health staff to\nprovide the responses at their own convenience. In addition, the survey contains several variables that staff might be\nhesitant to report on, for instance their perspectives on priority interventions, highlighting possible gaps in their\nemployers\u2019 practices, as well as security incidents. Existing literature has shown that anonymous, self-administered\nsurveys have the potential to collect more comprehensive information on sensitive topics compared to surveys\nadministers by an enumerator team.\n7 https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/PAF_An-Introduction.pdf\n\n\n5 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.6398539543151855, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9881765246391296, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.504287600517273, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.821710467338562, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health care staff", - "confidence": 0.7951866984367371, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys with health workers", - "confidence": 0.884464681148529, - "start": 405, - "end": 409 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8769410848617554, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "different countries", - "confidence": 0.8573660254478455, - "start": 410, - "end": 412 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health workers", - "confidence": 0.9743132591247559, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.5854597687721252, - "start": 526, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6082353591918945, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5912877917289734, - "start": 533, - "end": 534 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "staff", - "confidence": 0.7712058424949646, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **_Limitations_**\n\nThe results presented within this report should be used considering the following\nlimitations:\n\n\n\u2756 In the absence of a comprehensive list of all health workers in South Sudan, the\n\nstudy relied on a **convenience sample** . As such, the findings cannot be taken\nas representative for the health workforce within the country. Additionally, it is\nlikely that those who have experienced violence are more likely to take the time\nto complete the survey, as compared to those who have not been exposed to\ninsecurity.\n\u2756 **Healthcare** **workers** **in** **remote,** **hard** **to** **reach** **areas**, are likely\nunderrepresented within the survey, due to the limited connectivity within\nthese areas. However, the survey partners made concerted efforts to include\nstaff across the country within the survey, including by providing transport\nfrom areas without connectivity to places where respondents could\nsuccessfully complete the survey. 76% of respondents work in rural areas, which\nshows that the survey includes the perspectives of those working in some of\nthe most difficult conditions within the country.\n\u2756 **Only one out of four respondents are female** . As such, the results are likely to\n\nbe biased against risks that female health workers are more likely to be exposed\nto, including gender-based violence.\n\u2756 It is likely that incidents considered **sensitive**, for instance those related to\n\ngender-based violence, or where the health worker considers themselves partly\nat fault, are underreported. To reduce this bias, and promote more\ncomprehensive reporting, the self-administrated survey was kept anonymous.\n\n\n_Graph I:_ _**Respondent Characteristics**_\n### **126 Respondents**\n\n\n**Gender Respondents** **Profession Respondents**\n\n\n6 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7581638097763062, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7206538915634155, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6507675051689148, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9593216776847839, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7185284495353699, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "rural areas", - "confidence": 0.6206926703453064, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8908727169036865, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-administrated survey", - "confidence": 0.9874487519264221, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8992604613304138, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7204888463020325, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.8021268248558044, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.8755097389221191, - "start": 360, - "end": 364 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7598400115966797, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5379251837730408, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5681019425392151, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.6609523892402649, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **MAIN THREATS TO THE SAFETY OF PATIENTS & STAFF**\n\nThe 2022 Humanitarian Outcomes report identified South Sudan as the world\u00b4s most\ndangerous country to be an aid worker. [8] Since the start of 2022, 12 aid workers have\nbeen killed. 11 of these are national humanitarian workers. [9]\n\n\nThe widespread insecurity is reflected within the survey findings: **One out of three**\n**respondents did not feel safe** when travelling to their place of work, when providing\nhealth services at a health center or within the community. 9% of respondents felt very\nunsafe. The main reasons for feeling unsafe at their place of work include risks of\nattacks by armed groups (16 respondents) and threats by patients or family members\n(9 respondents). Presence of armed groups on the way to the workplace was\nhighlighted by 17 respondents as the reason for feeling unsafe, while 10 mentioned\nactive conflict/fighting on the way to or from their workplace.\n##### **_Origins of Incidents_**\n\n\nBeing regularly exposed to the incidents reported, respondents highlighted socio\neconomic, social and conflict related reasons as the primary cause of these incidents:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SOCIO-ECONOMIC|SOCIAL NORMS|CONFLICT DYNAMICS|\n|---|---|---|\n|
Health workers are seen
as wealthy and therefore
a target for robbery.

Local disagreement over
NGO recruitment
practices, including
health staff hired from
outside of the
community.

|
Limited understanding by
the community on
importance of the
services provided by
health workers

Staff offering services
seen as sensitive,
including family planning
interventions

Personal disputes
between patient and staff|
Health workers are
suspected of treating
members of armed
groups or other
communities.

Attacks are seen as
providing strategic
advantage

Displacing or inducing
fear in a population.
|\n\n\n\n8 OCHA, Honouring aid workers, the Humanitarian Coordinator calls for joint action to address\nhumanitarian crisis in South Sudan and an end to attacks against civilians and humanitarians, 18 August\n[2022 https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/honouring-aid-workers-humanitarian-coordinator-calls-](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/honouring-aid-workers-humanitarian-coordinator-calls-joint-action-address-humanitarian-crisis-south-sudan-and-end-attacks-against-civilians-and-humanitarians)\n[joint-action-address-humanitarian-crisis-south-sudan-and-end-attacks-against-civilians-and-](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/honouring-aid-workers-humanitarian-coordinator-calls-joint-action-address-humanitarian-crisis-south-sudan-and-end-attacks-against-civilians-and-humanitarians)\n[humanitarians](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/honouring-aid-workers-humanitarian-coordinator-calls-joint-action-address-humanitarian-crisis-south-sudan-and-end-attacks-against-civilians-and-humanitarians)\n9 Insecurity Insight, Dataset Aid Worker Killed, Injured, Kidnapped or Arrested\nhttps://data.humdata.org/dataset/sind-aid-worker-kka-dataset\n\n\n7 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2022 Humanitarian Outcomes report", - "confidence": 0.8838229179382324, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.716860294342041, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9947434663772583, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.999906063079834, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6933087110519409, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6011756658554077, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **_Characteristics of Incidents_**\n\nRespondents reported 66 incidents, 43 of which could be verified. [10] **As such,**\n**healthcare workers in the geographic areas covered by the survey faced an attack**\n**every 14 days, on average, since early 2021** . The actual number of incidents is likely\nto be much higher: smaller scale attacks are often under reported; health staff is not\nalways aware of incidents that patients face when trying to reach services and not all\ngeographic areas were covered by this survey.\n\n\nIncidents do not only occur during the dry season, which is traditionally related to an\nincrease in violence in South Sudan: 60% of incidents took place during the rainy\nseason, between May and October.\n\n\nThe findings show the repetitive nature of the violence: of the 82 respondents who\nwitnessed or experienced an incident since early 2021, 72% had been exposed to more\nthan one violent incident.\n\n\nThe respondents report incidents not only at health facilities and in the community,\nbut also on the way to work. 13 of the 43 incidents, or 30%, occurred when health staff\nwas travelling through or from work. Illustratively, respondents call for safe transport\nto work as one of the main priorities to reduce the violence they face. **Health workers**\n**are more likely to be injured or killed when an incident occurs on the way to or**\n**from work** : In 4 out of the 13 incidents happening on the road, a staff worker was killed,\ncompared to 8 out of the 30 incidents occurring at a health facility. [11]\n\n\n_Graph 2:_ _**Type of incidents since 2021, as reported by respondents**_\n\n\n10 During the same period, 20 incidents were reported as part of the **[WHO Surveillance System for Attacks](https://extranet.who.int/ssa/Index.aspx)** and 62\nby the **[Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition](https://map.insecurityinsight.org/health/)** . These discrepancies can be explained by a difference in\ngeographic coverage, data sources and definitions used.\n11 This analysis is confirmed by other information sources: 4 people were killed in 11 incidents on the way or to a\nhealth facility recorded by **[Insecurity Insight](https://map.insecurityinsight.org/health/)**, compared to 7 killed in the remaining 49 incidents recorded.\n\n\n8 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9764377474784851, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5033782720565796, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9232810139656067, - "start": 133, - "end": 135 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5827972888946533, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8388859629631042, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.5802028775215149, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9998846054077148, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9572912454605103, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6396259069442749, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6841099858283997, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|TYPE OF INCIDENT|EXAMPLE OF INCIDENT as shared by the respondents|\n|---|---|\n|
Attack on health worker

Attack / looting health
care facilities

Obstruction to health care
delivery


Threat of violence


Attack on patient

Kidnapping/arrest health
Worker

Attack ambulance or
other medical transport|
\u201cA health specialist was killed by unknown gunmen\u201d

\u201cArmed youth attacked the health facilities, looted them and
destroyed all the remaining properties\u201d

\u201cThe host community blocked the facility for days demanding
some staffs to be sent away and their positions given to the host
community\u201d

\u201cHealth staff received a letter to leave within 24hrs and was
relocated\u201d

\u201cPatient was assaulted by a soldier entering the facility\u201d

\u201cThe whole team was arrested and spent days in jail\u201d


\u201cAn armed group stole the ambulance\u201d|\n\n\n\nIn 6 states (Central Equatoria, Jonglei, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile and\nWarrap) and Abyei Administrative Area, staff reported specific instances where\n**patients were unable to reach services and health staff were unable to reach**\n**patients due to armed group and/or violence limiting access** .\n\n#### **EFFECTS ON THE HEALTH SYSTEM AND POPULATION**\n\n##### **_Impact on Health Staff_**\n\n\nAs many as **18 health staff were killed in the 43 incidents reported** since the start of\n2021, including 6 women. In comparison, 19 health workers were killed in Syria and 20\nin Ukraine during the same period. [12] At least 19 health workers (4 women) suffered\ninjuries.\n\n\nThe findings indicate that health workers who have witnessed or experienced violent\nincidents are experiencing signs of **heightened distress** . Of the 82 respondents who\nexperienced an attack, 64% reported little interest or pleasure in doing things after\nthe incident. 23% reported having trouble falling or staying asleep (see graph 3).\n\n\n12 Insecurity Insight, https://map.insecurityinsight.org/health\n\n\n9 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.8266236186027527, - "start": 487, - "end": 491 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6494796872138977, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9467588067054749, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Graph 3:_ _**Symptoms of distress reported among respondents after a violent**_\n_**incident**_\n\n\n_* of the 126 respondents, 82 reported experiencing symptoms of distress._\n\n##### **_Impact on the Health System_**\n\n\n23 of the 82 health workers who witnessed an incident had to take time off work after\nthe experience. **A combined 1,212 working days, or 3.5 years, were missed by health**\n**staff following the incidents reported as part of this survey** (on average 50 days per\nhealth staff).\n\n\nDue to the direct impact on health facilities, and relocation of health staff, health\nfacilities in 9 areas were forced to suspend services after the incident. 6 of these health\nfacilities were closed for more than a month.\n\n\n13 Formal support within this survey refers to medical services and/or psychosocial support services (e.g., individual or\ngroup counseling, debriefing services, etc.)\n\n\n10 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7073124051094055, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health workers", - "confidence": 0.6302677989006042, - "start": 59, - "end": 61 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.8226195573806763, - "start": 197, - "end": 201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9433609247207642, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9434639811515808, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **_Impact on Community Access_**\n\nThis impact on health workers and the health system has a direct effect on\ncommunities\u00b4 access to health care. According to the respondents, **after 73% of**\n**reported incidents, communities faced additional difficulties in accessing the**\n**required health services** . The reluctance of the population to visit health services, out\nof fear, is among the most important immediate effects reported by respondents. In\n9 cases, the **health facility had to close or significantly reduce services**, forcing\ncommunities to delay seeking support or find alternative solutions. For example, two\nrespondents note an increase in deliveries at home, instead of at the clinic, following\na security incident, which poses additional risks for women and newborns.\nRespondents indicated that for half of the incidents, the impact on access to health\ncare continues to be seen even after 3 months (see graph 4). This reflects in part the\nlimited capacity of the health system to recover from any attack.\n\n\nThe longer-term impact on health services is clearly illustrated when looking at the\navailable clinical data. For example, in the three months before armed youth attacked\nhealth facilities in Mayendit, these facilities served almost 10,000 patients. During the\nthree months after the attack, not even half of these patients could receive support,\nwith only 4,000 visits reported. [14] As such, a large number of patients were forced to\nforego treatment, or travel longer, through insecure areas, to reach alternative health\nfacilities.\n\n\n_Graph 4:_ _**Did this incident effect the ability of the population to access health**_\n_**care\u2026.?**_\n\n\n14 South Sudan Health Information System, accessed in September 2022\n\n\n11 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available clinical data", - "confidence": 0.9154165387153625, - "start": 217, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mayendit", - "confidence": 0.9073305726051331, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "patients", - "confidence": 0.6121104955673218, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "South Sudan Health Information System", - "confidence": 0.9850971102714539, - "start": 336, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health", - "confidence": 0.5189392566680908, - "start": 347, - "end": 350 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9676230549812317, - "start": 336, - "end": 338 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9580199122428894, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7946485280990601, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Respondents reported that **nutrition services** were impacted in more than half of the\nincidents reported (23 out of 43 incidents reported). Looting of nutrition supplies was\nspecifically mentioned by multiple respondents.\n\n\nRespondents report a resulting increase in morbidity and malnutrition. It should be\nnoted that these findings reflect the impact according to the respondents\u00b4\nperspectives. Additional research is required to measure the specific causal\nrelationship between violence against health care and morbidity and mortality\npatterns.\n\n#### **RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESPONSE**\n\n\nThe following recommendations are based on respondents\u00b4 feedback to the question\n\u201c _what are the 3 most important measures that could prevent incidents\u201d_ as well as\nsuggestions from health and protection experts provided during the joint analysis\nworkshop:\n\n\n**To the Ministry of Health, NGOs and other actors providing health**\n**services:**\n\n\n\n\u2756 Ensure there are sufficient resources are in place to adopt **basic security**\n\n**measures for all facilities**, including regularly maintained perimeter wall or\nfence, separate spaces for relatives, separate entrances for staff, visible\nidentification for staff and facilities and other security measures as outlined\nwithin the ICRC **[Security Survey for Health Facilities tool](https://healthcareindanger.org/security-survey-for-health-facilities-tool/)** .\n\u2756 A high number of security incidents occur on the way to and from work: to\n\nreduce risks during this movement, develop a region-specific **safe transport**\n**plan** .\n\u2756 Ensure a **community sensitization strategy** is in place, considering specifically\n\ncommunity acceptance around recruitment of staff from other parts of the\ncountry and awareness raising on sensitive topics, such as family planning. In\naddition, community dialogue protocols are to be developed to reduce\ntensions after unexpected medical complications, for instance if a patient dies\nfollowing a standard procedure.\n\u2756 Promote local ownership of health structures, including training of community\n\nvolunteers, community level early warning mechanisms, CHD and other\nthrough **community structures** .\n\u2756 Strengthen **duty of care** towards health staff, including that of implementing\n\norganizations, by providing post-incident psychological support services to\nstaff and their families.\n\u2756 Implement **non-violent feedback mechanisms** for patients and their relatives.\n\u2756 Build context specific safety, **humanitarian access and negotiation skills**\n\namong health staff to protect and promote health service provision. Develop\n\n\n\n12 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and implement these initiatives jointly with other health and security actors to\nexpand the reach and reduced resources required. Ensure frontline staff of\n**implementing partners** are included within these initiatives.\n\u2756 Ensure **adequate and standardize monitoring and reporting of attacks** on\n\nhealthcare to strengthen accountability efforts. Report any incident to the\nSafeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition, International NGO Safety\nOrganisation (INSO) and/or the WHO SSA to support analysis of characteristics\nand joint strategy/advocacy efforts.\n\u2756 Increase transparency and systematization of **recruitment policies and**\n\n**practices** including\n\n`o` Minimum qualification standards and standardized health worker\n\nrecruitment protocols\n\n`o` Community messaging to clarify that health workers have the right to\n\nwork wherever their services are needed\n\n`o` Mandatory provision of personnel safety and security training prior to\n\ndeployment of health workers.\n\n`o` Training on non-violent communication methods, specifically focused\n\non reducing tensions between patients, relatives and health workers.\n\u2756 Prioritize violence against health care in joint Health and Protection Cluster\n\nanalysis, advocacy and response coordination efforts, including as part of the\n**Joint Health and Protection Operational Framework** roll-out.\n\n\n**To donors**\n\n\n\n\u2756 Support health activities within the forthcoming **Humanitarian Response**\n\n**Plan**, ensuring that sufficient funding is available to meet identified health\nneeds. Currently the plan, is just 46% funded and the health sector just 20%.\n\u2756 Fund **mental health and psychosocial services** (MHPSS) for Health Care\n\nWorkers who have been exposed to security incidents. in the form of standalone health service provision for health care providers in addition to\ncommunity level MHPSS modules.\n\u2756 Prioritize measures to ensure health services can be provided, and accessed **,**\n\n**SAFELY** . This includes allocating sufficient resources to security management,\nrisk analysis and protective measures.\n\n\n\n13 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**To the Government of South Sudan**\n\n\n\n\u2756 Prioritize **health care spending**, with specific considerations to reduce\n\n\n\nviolence against health care.\n\u2756 To avoid impunity, ensure perpetrators of violence are held **accountable** for\n\n\n\ntheir actions. Any accountability mechanism implemented as part of the\ntransitional justice process is to include violence against health care within its\nscope.\n\u2756 Strengthen the **legal framework** in place to protect health staff, including by\n\n\n\ngranting special legal protection to health workers and criminalizing such\nviolence. Countries who have adopted such frameworks, such as Nigeria and\nColombia (TBC), can serve as an example. The legal framework is to be\naccompanied by a practical enforcement strategy.\n\u2756 Protection of health care should be systematically integrated within the\n\n**portfolio of the ministry of health** .\n\u2756 Implement **community sensitization activities** and dialogue with a range of\n\nstakeholders to promote respect for health care and humanitarian assistance.\n\u2756 Develop and implement a national level **community awareness strategy**,\n\n\n\nbased in community led approaches, to ensure understanding that\nprofessionals can and should be able to work in any part of South Sudan,\nregardless of their background.\n\n\nThis remote, rapid survey provides an initial indication of the scope of the problem.\nFollow up research is recommended to monitor and strengthen the understanding\nof violence against health care in South Sudan. Priority **information gaps** to be\naddressed include the immediate and longer-term impact of this violence on health\nworkers and the community, including morbidity and mortality patterns, as well as\nbest practices on what works to protect the workforce and patients.\n\n\n14 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community awareness strategy", - "confidence": 0.8109513521194458, - "start": 194, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9345147609710693, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9985271692276001, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8741494417190552, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.6486311554908752, - "start": 314, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7732307314872742, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6945915222167969, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8617541790008545, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ANNEX A \u2013 Questionnaire**\n\n\n\n\n\n15 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.899837076663971, - "start": 13, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9090697169303894, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7418426275253296, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6279626488685608, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|What is your gender?|Male
Female
Other|\n|---|---|\n|**How old are you?**||\n|**In which state or area are you working right now?**||\n|**How would you describe the area where you mostly**
**work?**|Urban (state capital or main town)
Rural area
Do not know|\n|**Which category best describes your present**
**professional group**|Physician
Nurse
Midwife
Community health worker
Pharmacist
Ambulance worker
Health project manager or coordinator
Clinical officer
Technical staff (laboratory/sterilization)
Other, please specify:|\n|**In the past 4 weeks, did you face any challenges in**
**undertaking your day-to-day job?**|Yes
No
Do not know
Do not want to respond|\n|\u25c4 If 'yes', what are the top 3 challenges|PATIENTS unable to reach health services due
to INSECURITY
PATIENTS unable to reach health services due
to lack of roads, transport etc.
HEALTH STAFF unable to reach health services
or patients due to insecurity
HEALTH STAFF unable to reach health services
or patients due to lack of roads, transport etc.
ATTACKS or threats against the health facility
and/or its staff, including looting of the health
facility
Low MEDICINE stock or limited drug supply
Not enough NURSES, specialists, or trained
doctors
Not enough EQUIPMENT, or it is damaged
Not enough available HEALTH FACILITIES
Infrastructure is of low quality
Other|\n|**Right now, how safe do you feel doing your work?**|Very safe
Quite safe
Not safe, not unsafe
Not so safe
Not safe at all|\n|\u25c4 if '_not so safe_' or '_not safe at all_' what are the main
reasons you do not feel safe?|Free text|\n\n\n\n16 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\u25c4 if 'not so safe' or 'not safe at all' what would be the
main actions that could make you feel safer?|Free text|\n|---|---|\n|**Right now, how safe did you feel travelling to work?**|Very safe
Quite safe
Not safe, not unsafe
Not so safe
Not safe at all|\n|\u25c4 if '_not so safe_' or '_not safe at all_' what are the main
reasons you do not feel safe?|Free text|\n|\u25c4 if '_not so safe_' or '_not safe at all_' what would be the
main actions that could make you feel safer?|Free text|\n|**Since the start of 2021 have you witnessed or directly**
**experienced one or more of the following incidents**
**targeting health care, health staff or patients? Select**
**all that apply.**|Attack on a hospital or facility
Kidnapping of health worker
Other type of threat or attack on a health
worker
Attack on an ambulance or other medical
transport
Attack on a patient
Health worker unable to reach patients due to
armed group and/or violence limiting access.
Patients unable to reach services due to
armed group and/or violence limiting access
Other
No|\n|**How many of these incidents have you seen or**
**directly experienced in total since the start of 2021?**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|\u25c4 For each specific incident|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Do you remember the date/time of the incident?|Date/Time|\n|Location||\n|Describe what happened: who did what to whom and
when|Free text|\n|Where any people injured or killed because of the
incident? How many people were killed?|Integer|\n|How many of these were health workers?|Integer|\n|How many were female health workers?|Integer|\n|How many people suffered physical injuries?|Integer|\n\n\n17 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.7990460991859436, - "start": 471, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9729011058807373, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7347813248634338, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|How many of these were health workers?|Integer|\n|---|---|\n|How many were female health workers?|Integer|\n|\u25c4 if 'A_ttack on health facility_' Was the health facility
able to continue to provide services after the attack?||\n|\u25c4 if '_No, the health facility suspended services_' For
how long was the facility closed?|Free text|\n|_Did this incident effect the ability of the population to_
_access health care in the_week after the incident_? _|No impact
Some impact - reduced ability for population
to access services
Significant impact - population mostly unable
to access services
Do not know|\n|_Did this incident effect the ability of the population to_
_access health care in the longer term (after 3 months_
_after the incident)?_|No impact
Some impact - reduced ability for population
to access services
Significant impact - population mostly unable
to access services
Do not know|\n|_Were nutrition services impacted?_|No impact
Some impact - reduced ability for population
to access services
Significant impact - population mostly unable
to access services
Do not know|\n|**Have any of these attacks had a direct effect on you?**|Yes
No
Do not know
Do not want to respond|\n|\u25c4 If '_yes_', what type of effect?|Injury
Death of a co-worker or patient
Injury of a friend, family member
Death of a friend, family member
The place I work was damaged|\n|**\u25c4 If 'yes', have you received**|Medical services
Psychosocial support services (e.g., individual
or group counseling, debriefing services, etc.)
Other (**please** specify)
No services|\n|Did you have to take time off from work after being
attacked?|Yes
No
Do not want to respond|\n\n\n\n18 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "18 Joint Staff Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.5374709367752075, - "start": 459, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9576584100723267, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.834413468837738, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5308588147163391, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\u25c4 If 'yes', for how long?|Free text|\n|---|---|\n|**It is normal for people who have witnessed and/or**
**personally experienced stressful situations to**
**experience distress. Signs (or symptoms) of distress**
**can be temporary, occur in cycles or even persist for**
**long periods of time. Please review the list below and**
**select all that apply to you since the incidents**|Little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Feeling down, depressed or hopeless?
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much?
Feeling tired or having little energy?
Poor appetite or overeating?
Feeling bad about yourself \u2013 or that you are a
failure or have let yourself or your family
down?
Trouble concentrating on things, such as
reading the newspaper or watching
television?
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed? Or so fidgety or
restless that you have been moving a lot more
than usual?
|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|In general, why do you think health workers are
targeted in attacks?|Free text|\n|---|---|\n|**In your opinion, what are the three most important**
**measures that could prevent attacks targeting health**
**care?**|Free text|\n|**Would you like to receive the results of this survey?**|Yes
No
Do not know
Do not want to respond|\n|**Would you like to participate in follow up surveys?**|Yes
No
Do not know
Do not want to respond|\n|\u25c4 If '_yes_', provide your email and/or phone number|Free text|\n\n\n19 Joint Staff Health Survey // September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbaf9ee-bdc3-475d-958e-64adc3b2954e/Joint_SS_Health_Survey_October2022_Update.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_462/raw/doc_462_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_462/raw/doc_462_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d2bdaf63b59f8ba1ebd1b2245f913288f16e8d33..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_462/raw/doc_462_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,325 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# At a glance **Health access and utilization survey** **among non-camp refugees in Jordan**\n\n_May 2015_\n\n\n**Photo Credit: UNHCR**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9998213648796082, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9896687865257263, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9975283741950989, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp refugees", - "confidence": 0.9902384281158447, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Summary**\n\n**Objective**\n\n - This cross sectional survey was conducted among non-camp based Syrian refugees living in Jordan, to\nmonitor access to and utilization of key health services.\n\n\n**Methods**\n\n - Ten surveyors underwent two days of training, including field-testing of the survey tools.\n\n - The survey was carried out between 10 [th] and 16 [th] of May 2015.\n\n - Survey households were selected, using stratified systematic sampling, from a register of non-camp\nbased refugee households that had a listed telephone number.\n\n - The head of household, or an adult who could respond on his or her behalf, was interviewed by\ntelephone regarding key indicators of interest.\n\n - Data were entered using mobile tablets and analyzed using STATA 13 software package.\n\n\n**Key findings**\n**Baseline characteristics of population and sample**\n\n - At the time of the survey the population of non-camp Syrian refugees living in Jordan numbered 521,\n037 individuals in 151,962 households.\n\n - 411 households with 2,489 residents were surveyed.\n\n - 50.5% of household members were female and 16.4% were under 5 years of age.\n\n**Health care access and utilization during the month preceding the interview**\n\n - Only 64% of households knew that refugees have subsidized access to government PHCs. Although\nnot a direct comparison, this was markedly lower than the 96% who knew that refugees had access to\nfree health care in 2014. Importantly, this reflects the Ministry of Health\u2019s policy change in November\n2014 from providing free health care services to Syrian refugees to services offered at a subsidized\nrate.\n\n - Despite subsidies, 13% of those needing care in the previous month did not seek it; this is compared\nto only 4% who did not seek services in 2014.\n\n - The main barriers to access were service fees for refugees as well as concerns about potential\nnegative interactions with clinic staff.\n\n - The average cost of care paid by the refugee in the first facility they visited was 46 USD compared to\n32 USD in 2014.\n\n**Childhood vaccinations**\n\n - 82% of households knew that under-fives have free access to vaccines, representing a decrease from\n92% of households in 2014.\n\n - Measles immunization coverage, through self-report, in under fives also declined from 87% in 2014 to\n82% in 2015.\n\n - Considering that only 76% of children under 5 reportedly had a vaccination card, measles coverage is\nlikely to be even lower than that estimated above by self-report.\n\n**Antenatal and maternity care**\n\n - 15% of the women who were pregnant in the last two years, compared to only 4% in 2014, had\ndifficulty accessing ANC services.\n\n - 50% could not do so because of service fees and transport costs.\n\n**Chronic conditions in adults older than 18 years**\n\n - 46% of households reported at least one adult with a chronic condition (most commonly hypertension\nand/or diabetes).\n\n - A majority (58%) were unable to access medicines or other health services as needed. This was a\nsharp increase from the 24% who reported difficulties in 2014.\n\n - The main barrier to accessing care for those with chronic was again the inability to pay service fees.\n\n**Disability and impairment**\n\n - Among the 2,489 household members living in surveyed households 4% were reported to have a\ndisability; 27% of whom had war-related injuries.\n\n - Only 63% of disabled household members received either surgical treatment, rehabilitation,\npsychological or assistive devices.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cross sectional survey", - "confidence": 0.7397920489311218, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7917301058769226, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9155796766281128, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6647343039512634, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5899749994277954, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp based Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8004667162895203, - "start": 21, - "end": 25 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9510599970817566, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6786977648735046, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9925146698951721, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6806811094284058, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7269942164421082, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5699009299278259, - "start": 176, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-report", - "confidence": 0.8709433078765869, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability and impairment", - "confidence": 0.5155062675476074, - "start": 629, - "end": 632 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9284616112709045, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.6672285795211792, - "start": 640, - "end": 642 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Summary continued**\n\n**Limitations**\n\n - Survey findings may not be generalizable to refugee households without a registered telephone\nnumber, as they could not be interviewed for this survey.\n\n`o` It is reasonable however to assume that households with no phone access are likely to be\nmore financially vulnerable and therefore at higher risk of not being able to access and utilize\nhealth services as needed.\n\n - Poor recall or lack of information available to the head of household respondent may have affected\nthe quality of the response.\n\n\n**Conclusions**\n\n - The policy change from free to subsidized care was associated with a reported decrease in access to\ncurative and preventative health care services among Syrian refugees living out of camps in Jordan.\n\n - Households reported that the main barrier to seeking care when needed was their inability to pay the\nrequested fees; however the high use of private facilities may indicate a misperception amongst\nrefugees of the cost of accessing Ministry of Health services.\n\n - Financially vulnerable families may elect to forgo health care services, such as ANC or treatment for\nchronic conditions, potentially deemed less necessary or urgent in the short term.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n**Address financial and health systems barriers to access**\n\n - Pilot provision of cash to refugees to offset the cost of accessing health services at Ministry of Health\nfacilities.\n\n - Strengthen links with agencies providing cash assistance to support transport costs to access health\nservices for vulnerable refugees\n\n - Continue to advocate with MoH for the same waivers as granted to Jordanians (free access for health\ncare for Syrian refugees above 60 years old and under five years of age as well as certain reproductive\nhealth services).\n\n - Explore with MoH ways to address negative staff attitudes towards refugees, including promoting the\nrights of refugees to affordable health care.\n\n\n**Improve refugee knowledge of available services**\n\n - Continue awareness raising for refugees about the new health policy and eligibility criteria for\naccessing health care through UNHCR supported services.\n\n - Promote utilization of MoH facilities at the subsidized rates and ensure refugees know that certain\nservices such as vaccination are provided free of charge.\n\n - Develop standard messages on the above and disseminate information through JHAS and UNHCR\nInfoline, town hall meetings, Community Support Committees, clinics, field staff of NGOs and CBOs,\ncommunity health volunteers and other community level staff.\n\n\n**Improve clinical support**\n\n - Strengthen follow up of priority NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, COPD, ischemic heart disease) at clinic\nand community level to promote adherence to treatment and self-monitoring and care.\n\n - Further document the needs of refugees post-injury including gaps in provision of assistive devices,\nphysiotherapy, rehabilitation and home nursing.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9899104237556458, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7194456458091736, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.7871007323265076, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9798597693443298, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "```\nProportion of household\nmembers <18 years of age\n\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "```\nBarriers to accessing\n care for chronic\n conditions (n=114)\n\n```\n\n\nFigure 9: Reasons for inability to access care (n=26)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|5 7 .4 %
Unable to afford fees|Couldn't afford user fees 57.4%
Other 17.5%
Service was not available in the facility 9.6%
Don\u2019t know where to go 7.0%
Couldn't afford transport 6.1%
Long wai ng mes 2.6%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|`9 . 6%`
`Service unavailable in`
`local facility `
|`9 . 6%`
`Service unavailable in`
`local facility `
|\n|||\n|`7 . 0%`
`Not knowing where to`
`access care `
|`7 . 0%`
`Not knowing where to`
`access care `
|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|2 6 .9 %
Proportion of deliveries
by caesarean section|Figure 15: Deliveries by cost of service (n=134)
1.5%
>750 JDs
15.7%
between 251 and 750 JDs
16.4%
between 100 and 250 JDs
17.2%
\u2264100 JDs
49.3%
0 JDs
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|`5 3 .0 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`in private facilities`
|`5 3 .0 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`in private facilities`
|\n|||\n|`4 4 . 0 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`in government facilities `|`4 4 . 0 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`in government facilities `|\n|||\n|`4 9 .3 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`free of cost`|`4 9 .3 %`
`Proportion of deliveries`
`free of cost`|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a2c80d1f-51ed-3cca-9602-799a905c6aa0/JordanHAUS2015FINALReport-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_463/raw/doc_463_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_463/raw/doc_463_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1417a0f698c5626587daaf5ded65d32cb49d16f0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_463/raw/doc_463_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# _Jordan Medical Referrals at a Glance_ _Year End Report_ _January \u2013December, 2016_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of Contents:**\n\n\n**Background** ....................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n**Overview of UNHCR\u2019s Referral Guidelines** .......................................................................... 3\n\n\n**Data Collection and Analysis** ...................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n**Summary of Findings** .................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n**i.** **Demographic Characteristics of Medical Referrals in January \u2013 December**\n**2016 (n= 34,571)** ............................................................................................................................... 5\n\n\nFigure 1. Medical referrals by admission category and final outcome on discharge .......... 5\n\n\nFigure 2. Medical referrals per month; January \u2013 December 2016 (n= 34,571) ................. 5\n\n\nFigure 3. Frequency of referrals per unique patient; January \u2013 December 2016 (n=\n23,296) ........................................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\nFigure 4. Proportion of referrals by gender and age group (n= 34,571) ............................... 6\n\n\nFigure 5. Proportion of referrals by nationality (n= 34,571) .................................................. 7\n\n\nFigure 6. Proportion of referrals by referral hospital (n= 34,571) ......................................... 7\n\n\nFigure 7. Proportion of referrals by referring clinic (n= 34,571) ........................................... 8\n\n\nFigure 8. Number of JHAS Madina clinic referrals by nationality (n= 9,488) ................... 8\n\n\nFigure 9. Zaatri and Azraq referrals per month; January \u2013 December 2016 (n= 19,473) . 9\n\n\nFigure 10. Proportion of referrals by diagnosis at discharge ............................................... 10\n\n\n**ii.** **Mortality** ................................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\nFigure 11. Number and proportion of mortalities by age group (n= 94) ............................ 11\n\n\nFigure 12. Top causes of mortality by age group .................................................................... 11\n\n\n**iii. Costs** ........................................................................................................................................... 12\n\n\nFigure 14. Costs by nationality (n= 6,294,786 JOD) ............................................................. 12\n\n\nFigure 15. Costs by referral hospital (n= 6,294,786 JOD) .................................................... 13\n\n\nFigure 16. Costs by diagnosis at discharge (n= 6,294,786 JOD) ......................................... 14\n\n\n**2 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Background**\n\n\nJordan hosts asylum seekers and refugees from different neighbouring countries. As of 31 [st]\nDecember 2016, 655,344 (514,274 and 141,070 in urban and camps respectively) Syrian\nrefugees have been registered with UNHCR Jordan office since the onset of crisis in 2011. In\naddition, Jordan hosts asylum seekers and refugees from Iraq, Sudan, Yemen and Somalia.\n\n\nAccess to healthcare services for refugees varies according to the country of origin. Syrian\nrefugees living in the urban setting have access to all levels of healthcare services (primary,\nsecondary and tertiary) at governmental health facilities at the non-insured Jordanian rate,\ngiven that they hold a valid UNHCR asylum seeker certificate and a valid security card.\nSyrian refugees residing in the camps and non-Syrian need to pay foreigners\u2019 rate when\naccessing any level of healthcare at governmental health facilities. This renders access to\nessential and life-saving healthcare services unaffordable without support.\n\n\n**Overview of UNHCR\u2019s Referral Guidelines**\n\n\nUNHCR has adapted a policy of structured provision of health services for different\nnationalities in order to maintain affordable access to secondary and tertiary referral\nservices. Essential secondary and tertiary referrals are available to eligible refugees of all\nnationalities based on a pre-defined set of criteria at governmental hospitals and other\nprivate affiliated hospitals (though UNHCR\u2019s implementing partner Jordan Health Aid\nSociety; JHAS).\n\n\nIn order to facilitate referrals, UNHCR has established two levels of authority with the\nimplementing partner in order to facilitate and control the referral process. If the estimated\ntreatment cost is less than JODs 750 per person per year then the UNHCR partner will\nmanage the referral directly, while if the referral cost is more than JODs 750 per person per\nyear, the case has to be approved by the UNHCR health unit (for emergency cases) and/or\nExceptional Care Committee (ECC) for non-emergency cases before the referral takes place.\n\n\n**Data Collection and Analysis**\n\n\nReferral care is considered an essential part of access to comprehensive health services, thus\nUNHCR since 2014 has maintained a medical referral database in order to monitor trends in\nurban and camp settings in Jordan.\n\n\n - This report includes all referrals data for the period January to December 2016\n\n - Data was collected from 11 sites; 6 Urban (Amman, Zarqa, Mafraq, Irbid, Ramtha,\nand south Mobile Medical Unit), 4 camps (Zaatri, Azraq, Cyber City and King\nAbdullah Park), and Ruwaishid.\n\n - Data was captured on-site daily then compiled and shared on a monthly basis with\nJHAS referral hub, where the initial data compilation and cleaning was done.\nCompiled and cleaned data was then shared with the UNHCR Public Health Unit,\nwhere secondary data cleaning and analysis was carried out.\n\n - Descriptive analysis carried out using Microsoft Excel 2013.\n\n\n**3 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical referral database", - "confidence": 0.992909848690033, - "start": 387, - "end": 390 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "monitor trends in\nurban and camp settings", - "confidence": 0.6619080901145935, - "start": 393, - "end": 400 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9702219367027283, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9425497651100159, - "start": 401, - "end": 402 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6653664112091064, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8072043657302856, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Summary of Findings**\n\n\n - In 2016, **34,571** referrals for secondary and tertiary healthcare were conducted for\n\n\n**23,296** refugees, 78% of which were referred only once\n\n\n - Of the 34,571 referrals, **71%** (24,565) were elective and **29%** (10,006) were\n\n\nemergency referrals\n\n\n - The average number of monthly referrals was **2,881**\n\n\n - The number of referrals per month varied throughout 2016; mild decline from April\n\n\nto September was due to budget restrictions and sharp increase over last quarter was\n\n\ndue to budget supplementation\n\n\n - Referrals for females accounted for **55%** of total referrals\n\n\n - Referrals for children under the age of 5 and patients 60 years and older were **19.2%**\n\n\nand **9.4%** respectively\n\n\n - Majority of referrals were for Syrian ( **80%** ), followed by Iraqi, Sudanese and Yemeni\n\n\nrespectively\n\n\n - Approximately, **70%** of referrals were to private affiliated hospitals\n\n\n - Zaatri and Azraq referrals accounted for **56.3%** of total referrals\n\n\n - Madina referrals were the highest among urban sites accounting for **27.4%** of total\n\n\nreferrals\n\n\n - The most prevalent disease diagnosis was \u201cdiseases of the genitourinary system;\n\n\n**17.4%** \u201d followed by \u201cpregnancy, childbirth and puerperium; **14.6%** \u201d\n\n\n - Overall expenditure on referrals was **6,294,786** Jordanian Dinar (JOD)\n\n\n - Largest proportion of cost was incurred by \u201cdiseases of the genitourinary system\u201d;\n\n\n**11%**\n\n\n - Mortalities occurred primarily among 60 years and older ( **32%** )\n\n\n**4 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referrals for secondary and tertiary healthcare", - "confidence": 0.9043235182762146, - "start": 18, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9920914173126221, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9301775097846985, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**i.** **Demographic Characteristics of Medical Referrals in January \u2013**\n**December 2016 (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\nFigure 1. **Medical referrals by admission category and final outcome on discharge**\n\n\n**Discharged Alive** **Discharged Alive**\n\n9,944 (99.4%) 24,526 (99.8%)\n\n\n**Deceased** **Deceased**\n\n55* 39 (0.2%)\n\n\nFigure 2. **Medical referrals per month; January \u2013 December 2016 (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Discharged Alive**\n\n\n\n**Discharged Alive**\n\n\n\n9,944 (99.4%)\n\n\n\n24,526 (99.8%)\n\n\n\n**Deceased**\n\n\n\n**Deceased**\n\n\n\n55*\n\n\n\n39 (0.2%)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 3. **Frequency of referrals per unique patient; January \u2013 December 2016**\n**(n= 23,296)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 4. **Proportion of referrals by gender and age group (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**6 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 5. **Proportion of referrals by nationality (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 6. **Proportion of referrals by referral hospital (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**7 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 7. **Proportion of referrals by referring clinic (n= 34,571)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 8. **Number of JHAS Madina clinic referrals by nationality (n= 9,488)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**8 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 9. **Zaatri and Azraq referrals per month; January \u2013 December 2016 (n=**\n**19,473)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**9 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 10. **Proportion of referrals by diagnosis at discharge**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**10 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ii.** **Mortality**\n\n\nFigure 11. **Number and proportion of mortalities by age group (n= 94)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 12. **Top causes of mortality by age group**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**11 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**iii.** **Costs**\n\n\nFigure 13. **Costs by referring clinic (n= 6,294,786 JOD)** [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 14. **Costs by nationality (n= 6,294,786 JOD)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 One Jordanian Dinar (JOD) = 1,412 US Dollar\n\n\n**12 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 15. **Costs by referral hospital** **(n= 6,294,786 JOD)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**13 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 16. **Costs by diagnosis at discharge (n= 6,294,786 JOD)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**14 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/092746ab-2413-3861-8dea-82d3e921e68c/JordanReferralsataGlance-2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_464/raw/doc_464_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_464/raw/doc_464_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8094d43ca47ed3f650c93b43f8fa7cd9aa67f163..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_464/raw/doc_464_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**July 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 July 2023\n\n\nOverview\n\n\nAt the end of July 2023, Southern Africa hosts around **8.3 million people that UNHCR has the mandate**\n**and responsibility to protect and assist** . This includes 800,000 refugees, 201,000 asylum-seekers, 32,300\nothers of concern, [ 1] 6.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) induced by conflicts, as well as returned\nrefugees of around 600 and 482,100 returned IDPs. In addition, 1 million IDPs are induced by climate change\nand disaster. There are no siginificant changes in total numbers since June 2023. **The Democratic Republic**\n**of Congo (DRC) hosts 83 per cent of the population in the region** .\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\n\nThere are **1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern** hosted in the region and 75 per cent\noriginate from countries outside Southern Africa region. [2] The top five countries of origin are: Central African\nRepublic (242,000), Rwanda (238,000), Democratic Republic of the Congo (217,600), Burundi (85,800) and\nSouth Sudan (57,000).\n\nDRC new arrivals\n\n\n\nIn preparation for the review of the refugee response plan\nfor the DRC situation the region\u2019s largest caseload,\napproximately 41,300 individuals from DRC have been\nregistered in the neighboring countries by July 2023. A\nmajority (93.2%) moved to East and Horn of Africa region\nwhile only 6.8% remained in the Southern Africa region.\nUganda has the highest proportion with 39.3% of the new\narrivals, followed by Tanzania with 28.3% and Rwanda\n16.8%.\n\nKenya and Burundi host 8.8% of DRC's new arrivals in\n2023, while Zambia and Malawi host 6.3%. South Africa\n\n\n\nFigure 1 Proportion of DRC new arrivals in neighboring\ncountries as of 31 July 2023\n\n\nand Angola have no data available. Most\narrivals are from North and South Kivu (80%),\nwith historical trends fluctuating: 12.6% in 2019,\ndropping to 3.2% in 2020, and likely to\nincrease in 2023. The DRC refugee and\nasylum seeker population in neighboring\ncountries has risen from 848,800 in 2019 to\n987,300 in 2023, expected to surpass 1 million\nby year-end.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 2 DRC refugees and asylum seekers stock figures and\nproportion of new arrivals (Source: proGres and Annual Statistical\nReports)\n\n\n1 Others of concern refer to those who are linked to (but not classified as) refugees and asylum-seekers, and who need assistance by UNHCR.\nIn most cases in Southern Africa, they are family members, i.e., spouse or children, of refugees or asylum-seekers.\n2 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola, Botswana,\nComoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia and\nZimbabwe.\n\n\nUNHCR/July 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 31 July 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n\n**520,375** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3,746** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**42,231** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (270,005), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 31 July 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 July 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES*\n\n1,842 461 571 810\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 15 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 60)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 77)**\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 186)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 49)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**174**\n\n\n**133**\n\n\n**97**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**450**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|62 COD
ZMB 300
UGA 244
MWI 153
MOZ 133|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**62**
**300**
**244**
**153**
**133**
**COD**
**ZMB**
**UGA**
**MWI**
**MOZ**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**SSD - 638**\n\n**26 ASY**\n**612 REF**\n\n\n**BDI - 159**\n\n**37 ASY**\n**122 REF**\n\n\n**COD - 148**\n\n**88 ASY**\n**60 REF**\n\n\n**SOM - 50**\n\n**32 ASY**\n**18 REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UGA - 492**\n\n**57 ASY**\n**432 REF**\n\n\n**COD - 333 REF**\n\n\n**TZA - 37 ASY**\n\n\n**MWI - 37**\n**20 ASY, 17 REF**\n\n\n**NAM - 33 ASY**\n\n\n**ZMB - 27 REF**\n\n\n**MOZ - 19 ASY**\n\n\n**KEN - 17 ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements I
25%
Outward
movements
28%
ws shown are restricted only to movements
due to the change of nationality of some Po|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,842
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flo
of asylum,
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,842
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flo
of asylum,
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\nAs of 31 July 2023\n\n\nMAP OF VOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n###### 5,838\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatriated since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriated\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2023\n\n\n###### 593 5,245\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriated\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY**\n\n\n**1,364** **1,325**\n\n\n\n\n|856
40 406 429|Col2|Col3|Col4|1,01|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**40**
**406**
**429**
**856**
||||**1,01**||\n|||||||\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation **Note: The figure of May 2023 was revised and readjusted in June 2023 Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n\n1,036 4,428\n\n\n**Cases** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Active Cases***\n\n1,236 5,204\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Member by**\n**Country of Submission**\n\n\n\n463 2,305\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Quota**\n\n8,842 50%\n\n\n**Allotcated Quota** **% of Submission vs Quota**\n\n**Balance (Quota/Submission) :** 4,414\n\n\n**Departure Cases by Age and Gender**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases***\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 July 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\nContry of Origin Country of Asylum Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members** **Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum** **by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**664**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MWI 1,496 ZMB
ZMB 924 ZWE
ZWE 865 ZAF
NAM 655 MWI
ZAF 281 MOZ
MOZ 115 MAD
COD 62 NAM
COG
BWA 20
COD|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1,496**
**924**
**865**
**655**
**281**
**115**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,496**
**924**
**865**
**655**
**281**
**115**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,496**
**924**
**865**
**655**
**281**
**115**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,496**
**924**
**865**
**655**
**281**
**115**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Active Case and Case Member and Departure Case figures have been proportionned from PRIMES dataport as of 26 October / inforrmation not available on RSR site.\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a3c5e9-a660-406b-853c-6adbafd8095c/Jul%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_465/raw/doc_465_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_465/raw/doc_465_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7c2d0e0a07f1d36c251027ce346afc741bc86c8c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_465/raw/doc_465_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,239 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 June 2023\n\n###### Overview\n\n\nBy 30 June 2023, the Southern Africa region hosted **8.3 million forcibly displaced populations** . They\ninclude 778,100 refugees, 199,900 asylum-seekers, 32,200 others of concern [1], 6.8 million internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) induced by conflicts, as well as 600 refugees-returnees 600 and 482,100\nreturning IDPs. Moreover, 1 million IDPs displaced by the adverse effects of climate change and disaster\nwere also identified. The number of forcibly displaced persons increased by 8,000 since May 2023. **The**\n**Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) hosts 83 per cent of the population in the region** .\n\n###### Refugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\n\nThere are **1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern** hosted in the region. 75 per cent\nof them originate from countries outside the Southern Africa region [2], comprising the Central African\nRepublic with 242,300, Rwanda with 237,800, the Democratic Republic of the Congo with 217,600,\nBurundi with 86,000 and South Sudan with 57,000.\n\n###### Number of years refugees spent in exile\n\n\nper cent of the 978,000 refugees\nand asylum seekers are registered\nin the proGres database and can be\n\nindividuals are from external\n\ngovernment without enough details\n\nAmong the overall refugees and\nasylum-seekers in the region, 51 per cent have lived more than 5 years outside of their home countries,\nwith the majority (42 per cent) have lived between 6 and 10 years in their host countries. For those living\nmore than 10 years in the host country, the arriving period between 11 to 20 years makes up 5 per cent,\nand a further 4 per cent lived more than 21 years in the host country. A smaller proportion of 14 per cent\nof refugees and asylum-seekers have lived 5 years and less in the country of asylum with 12 per cent\nbetween 1 and 5 yearsand 2 per cent have spent less than a year in the host country.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNote: Only individuals registered in proGres with arrival dates are included.\nSouth Africa is not included.\n\n\n\nThe protracted refugee situations which is\ndefined as at least 25,000 refugees from\nthe same country in displacement for more\nthan five consecutive years. The region has\nfive situations in DRC and Zambia. The\nhighest number is the 143,600 Central\nAfrica refugees in DRC and lowest number\nis the DRC refugees in Zambia about\n29,400. Rwandan refugees in DRC lead\nwith 93% and the other end is the Central\nAfrica refugees in DRC where 55% have\nlived in exile for more than 5 years. Over\nhalf (56%) of refugees in the region are in\nprotracted situations.\n\n\n\n1 Others of concern refer to those who are linked to (but not classified as) refugees and asylum-seekers, and who need assistance by UNHCR.\nIn most cases in Southern Africa, they are family members, i.e., spouse or childrdfen, of refugees or asylum-seekers.\n2 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola, Botswana,\nComoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia and\nZimbabwe.\n\n\nUNHCR/June 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.970711350440979, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa region", - "confidence": 0.9310286045074463, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9564387798309326, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6961141228675842, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally\ndisplaced persons", - "confidence": 0.5109451413154602, - "start": 61, - "end": 64 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres database", - "confidence": 0.9966015815734863, - "start": 263, - "end": 265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.948151707649231, - "start": 255, - "end": 259 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres", - "confidence": 0.9243896007537842, - "start": 414, - "end": 415 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5100107192993164, - "start": 371, - "end": 374 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n#### **POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 30 June 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n**520,076** **REF**\n\n\n**3,452** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**42,183** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (270,005), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 30 June 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 June 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES\n###### 1,656 412 494 750\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 15 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 79)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 103)**\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 263)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 81)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**153**\n\n\n**119**\n\n\n**93**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**381**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|3 COD
ZMB 257
UGA 189
MWI 138
MOZ 108|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**3**
**257**
**189**
**138**
**108**
**COD**
**ZMB**
**UGA**
**MWI**
**MOZ**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**SSD - 584**\n\n**26 ASY**\n**558 REF**\n\n\n**BDI - 136**\n\n**36 ASY**\n**100 REF**\n\n\n**COD - 95**\n\n**35 ASY**\n**60 REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UGA - 440**\n\n**26 ASY**\n**414 REF**\n\n\n**COD - 260 REF**\n\n\n**MWI - 36**\n**19 ASY, 17 REF**\n\n\n**TZA - 36 ASY**\n\n\n**ZMB - 27 REF**\n\n\n**NAM - 16 ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements
I
25%
Outward
movements
28%
ws shown are restricted only to movements
ue to the change of nationality of some PoC|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,656
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flo
asylum, d
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,656
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flo
asylum, d
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\nAs of 30 June 2023\n\n\nMAP OF VOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n#### 4,820\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatrieted since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriation\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2023\n\n\n#### 546 4,274\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatriation **from**\n**Southern Africa Region** to\nother countries outside of the\nregion since January 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY**\n\n\n**1,364** **1,325**\n\n\n\n\n|856
40 406 429|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation **Note: The figure of May 2023 was revised and readjusted in June 2023 Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n##### 849 3,638\n\n\n**Cases** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Active Cases***\n##### 1,059 4,460\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Member by**\n**Country of Submission**\n\n\n##### 397 1,845\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Quota**\n##### 8,842 41%\n\n\n**Allotcated Quota** **% of Submission vs Quota**\n\n**Balance (Quota/Submission) :** 5,204\n\n\n**Departure Cases by Age and Gender**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases***\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 June 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members** **Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum** **by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**589**\n\n\n**589**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MWI 1,266 ZWE
ZMB 767 ZMB
ZWE 707 ZAF
NAM 491 MWI
ZAF 218 MOZ
MOZ 98 MAD
COD 62 NAM
COG
BWA 20
COD|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1,266**
**767**
**707**
**491**
**218**
**98**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZWE**
**ZMB**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,266**
**767**
**707**
**491**
**218**
**98**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZWE**
**ZMB**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,266**
**767**
**707**
**491**
**218**
**98**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZWE**
**ZMB**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**1,266**
**767**
**707**
**491**
**218**
**98**
**62**
**20**
**MWI**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**
**COD**
**BWA**
**ZWE**
**ZMB**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**MAD**
**NAM**
**COG**
**COD**||\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Active Case and Case Member and Departure Case figures have been proportionned from PRIMES dataport as of 26 October / inforrmation not available on RSR site.\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRIMES dataport", - "confidence": 0.8407161831855774, - "start": 1174, - "end": 1176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report", - "confidence": 0.7506605386734009, - "start": 1194, - "end": 1198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR RBSA DIMA", - "confidence": 0.6223511099815369, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1211 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d8ac9c1-544e-4d00-985c-028215a3bc98/Jun%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_466/raw/doc_466_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_466/raw/doc_466_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6e36fbd1fe377369696719711eebd8ee7935d01d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_466/raw/doc_466_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **KEY FINDINGS** **June 2015**\n\n## **VAF WELFARE MODEL**\n\n**1) 86% of Syrian refugees in urban areas are living below the Jordanian poverty line.**\n\n\n- According to the VAF Welfare model, 86% of Syrian refugee individuals are living below the Jordanian poverty line of 68\nJD per capita per month, and are rated as highly or severely vulnerable.\n\n\n- 86% of individuals corresponds with 68% of family units or \u2018cases\u2019. Highly and severely vulnerable families have larger\nfamily sizes.\n\n\n**2) Northern and Eastern Jordan have the highest propor\ufffdon of highly and severely vulnerable refugees.**\n**There is also the highest propor\ufffdon Syrian refugees rela\ufffdve to Jordanians in these areas.**\n\n\n- The Welfare model predicts 64% of cases in the Northern region are rated as highly vulnerable or above, versus 30% in\nthe Central region.\n\n\n- The Central region includes Amman and Zarqa where the majority of \u2018least vulnerable\u2019 families live. More rural areas\nincluding Madaba and Balqa have higher levels of vulnerability. The South has the highest propor\ufffdon of \u2018least vulnerable\u2019 families, rela\ufffdve to the total popula\ufffdon.\n\n\n- The propor\ufffdon of Syrians to Jordanians in Mafraq sub-district is 38%. In Irbid sub-district, 15.7%, and in Amman Qasaban, 6.4%, although the highest number of Syrians is s\ufffdll in Amman.\n\n\n**3) Over 80% of Syrian refugees are using crisis or emergency coping strategies.**\n\n\n- Refugees have exhausted their savings and they are deple\ufffdng their food intake, sending family members (including children) out to beg or resor\ufffdng to high risk, illegal or socially degrading jobs.\n\n\n- Over 60% of Syrian non-camp families have a high or severely vulnerable level of debt per capita, influencing their ability to cope economically even if receiving an income/assistance.\n\n\n- 56% of families with \u2019low\u2019 vulnerability have work permits. 17% of severely vulnerable families have a work permit.\n\n\n**4) Severely vulnerable refugee families have more family members, more children and a higher**\n**\u2018dependency ra\ufffdo\u2019.**\n\n\n- The dependency ra\ufffdo is an indicator of economically ac\ufffdve to economically inac\ufffdve persons within a family, such as\nchildren, elderly and disabled. Over 60% of Syrian refugee individuals belong to cases that have a \u2018severe\u2019 dependency\nra\ufffdo.\n\n\n**5) Syrians are very young, but refugees tend to be even younger.**\n\n\n- Syrian refugees are different in their socio-economic dimensions from the Syrian pre-crisis popula\ufffdon and from the\nhos\ufffdng popula\ufffdons **.** 81% are under the age of 35, and tend to have low levels of educa\ufffdon, compared to 73% under 35\nfor the Syrian pre-crisis popula\ufffdon, and 68% of Jordanians. Over 80% of Syrian refugees have primary educa\ufffdon or below.\n\n\n- The Syrian refugee popula\ufffdon has a larger share of young children (aged 0-4) and people aged 25-34. Approximately\n65% of all registered Syrian refugees in Jordan are under the age of 25 and about 19.4% of all refugees are infants under\nthe age of 4.\n\n\n- In the VAF welfare model, a family with a \u2018low\u2019 vulnerability have no or fewer children. 59% of a severe vulnerable case\nwill be children.\n\n\n- The importance of the \u2018No Lost Genera\ufffdon\u2019 Ini\ufffda\ufffdve\u2014 and projects that seek to support, protect and offer educa\ufffdonal\nopportuni\ufffdes for refugee and other vulnerable children, and encourage posi\ufffdve engagement of adolescents and\nyouth\u2014cannot be over-stated.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.602687656879425, - "start": 623, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9831349849700928, - "start": 627, - "end": 628 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7472141981124878, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/442bd2a9-aa04-39f3-9815-232fcc350d32/KeyFindings-2015150615.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **KEY FINDINGS** **June 2015**\n\n## **VAF SECTOR MODELS**\n\n### **Basic needs**\n\n**Invest further in the capacity of refugees in communi\ufffdes, families and women, girls, boys and men to reduce**\n**exposure to nega\ufffdve coping mechanisms. Projects that reduce asset deple\ufffdon of refugee households in urban**\n**areas should be priori\ufffdzed** . **Con\ufffdnue to support female headed households, no\ufffdng that male headed household**\n**are also severely vulnerable.**\n\n\n- The Basic Needs Model is calculated through a combina\ufffdon of indicators on Coping strategies, Dependency ra\ufffdo and\nEconomic state. Dependency and Economic state indicators are either sta\ufffdc or suggest a deteriora\ufffdon in vulnerability.\n\n\n- The vast majority of cases, almost 80%, are resor\ufffdng to emergency coping strategies. 50% of cases are severely vulnerable; 42% are highly vulnerable. 50% of cases have a severe or high dependency ra\ufffdo.\n\n\n- Average debt per capita is 157 JD, with higher debt to expenditure for severely vulnerable cases.\n\n\n- 89% of Male headed households are resor\ufffdng to crisis or emergency coping strategies, compared to 73% of female\nheaded households. 92% of Male headed households are highly or severely vulnerable, compared to 83% of female\nheaded households. This emphasizes that male headed households also need to targeted with assistance, as well as\nfemale. However, the VAF does not capture well protec\ufffdon risks that female refugees may be facing, as evidenced by\nother assessments using more appropriate methodologies.\n\n### **Educa\ufffdon**\n\n\n**Support through the Ministry of Educa\ufffdon to increase the absorp\ufffdon capacity and increase enrollment rates of Syrian chil-**\n**dren. Bilateral support to Jordan to support the formal educa\ufffdon sector (schools, teacher salaries, textbooks), while UN &**\n**NGOs concurrently expand informal educa\ufffdon to urgently address the issue of 90,000 out of school children. Projects that**\n**support reduce barriers to accessing educa\ufffdon (distance, financial obstacles, child labour, violence in schools).**\n\n\n- 97% of school aged children display high risk of non-a\ufffdendance at school, based on a combina\ufffdon of social, economic\nand physical risks.\n\n\n- Refugee financial situa\ufffdon is the most significant risk factor influencing non-a\ufffdendance with nearly 80% of cases being\nhighly or severely financially vulnerable.\n\n\n- 6% of cases are severely vulnerable due to the par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon of at least one child in child labour. Protec\ufffdon-related barriers may also affect families\u2019 abili\ufffdes to maintain children in school: early marriage, violence or perceived threats of\nviolence, psychological distress, disabili\ufffdes, mobility of the family and distance from school.\n\n### **Food Security**\n\n\n**Con\ufffdnua\ufffdon of food assistance targe\ufffdng vulnerable Syrian refugees in urban. In par\ufffdcular the WFP food voucher pro-**\n**gramme needs to be maintained, targeted at the most vulnerable refugees, in the absence of alterna\ufffdve self-reliance op-**\n**portuni\ufffdes for refugees.**\n\n\n- Nearly 79% of refugees are highly or severely vulnerable to food insecurity, with 20% moderately vulnerable. 46% have\nsevere vulnerability scores for expenditure on food; and 72% are severely vulnerable due to the adop\ufffdon of emergency\ncoping strategies to meet food needs.\n\n\n- 45% of female headed households are severely vulnerable, with 30% highly vulnerable. 7% of male headed are severely\nand 70% highly vulnerable.\n\n\n- The baseline survey was conducted following only a limited period of reduced WFP food voucher value covering around\n85% of the Syrians refugees in host communi\ufffdes. With the con\ufffdnued reduc\ufffdons, the percentage in the severe or highly\nvulnerable category will increase.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "indicators on Coping strategies", - "confidence": 0.7698878645896912, - "start": 135, - "end": 139 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6903660297393799, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Economic state indicators", - "confidence": 0.9960530996322632, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Male headed households", - "confidence": 0.6359468102455139, - "start": 238, - "end": 241 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline survey", - "confidence": 0.9171454906463623, - "start": 740, - "end": 742 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5129866003990173, - "start": 741, - "end": 742 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians refugees", - "confidence": 0.9364365339279175, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP food voucher", - "confidence": 0.8212917447090149, - "start": 751, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians refugees", - "confidence": 0.9710212349891663, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/442bd2a9-aa04-39f3-9815-232fcc350d32/KeyFindings-2015150615.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **KEY FINDINGS** **June 2015**\n\n## **VAF SECTOR MODELS**\n\n### **Health**\n\n**Con\ufffdnue to invest resources through the public health system as the primary provider of medical services to**\n**Syrian refugees in urban areas. Support projects that provide addi\ufffdonal services not provided through the public**\n**health system, or where there are obstacles to accessing such services.**\n\n\n- 41% of Syrian individuals are part of families with severe health vulnerability; 15% are part of highly health vulnerable\nfamilies.\n\n\n- 15% of cases were iden\ufffdfied as severely vulnerable in terms of being able to access health services when needed.\n\n\n- 16% of cases have the presence of pre-exis\ufffdng medical condi\ufffdons (disabili\ufffdes or chronic illnesses) that are nega\ufffdvely\nimpac\ufffdng a family members\u2019 day to day life.\n\n\n- 10% of cases report that they spend more than 25% of their expenditure on health related items.\n\n\n- Access to medical facili\ufffdes has been posi\ufffdve indicator with the majority of cases rated as low vulnerable.\n\n### **Shelter**\n\n\n**In the face of the shortage of affordable and adequate shelters \u2013 resul\ufffdng in rental infla\ufffdon, evic\ufffdon and mul\ufffd-**\n**ple displacement \u2013 increase the availability of and access to such shelter through a scaled-up response. Such in-**\n**terven\ufffdons should be complemented by programmes that strengthen security of tenure.**\n\n\n- Over 92.5% of refugees are living in rented accommoda\ufffdon in urban areas. Cost of rent and debt remain major challenges. The majority of dwellings are considered \u2018poor quality\u2019. For the majority of families who have insecure livelihoods or income, maintaining rental commitments is a considerable burden and rental arrears have both financial and\nprotec\ufffdon implica\ufffdons. Although most cases have acceptable rental contracts many were experiencing high debt per\ncapita which puts them at risk not missing rental payments.\n\n\n- Over 75% of individuals are highly or severely shelter vulnerable and 50% are highly shelter vulnerable . Over 50% of all\ncases have all the standard basic house assets.\n\n\n- 50% of the cases\u2019 dwellings are showing at least one sign of poor quality, and 34% iden\ufffdfied as having two or more\ninstances of poor quality. 23% of cases proper\ufffdes were judged to be unsa\ufffdsfactory by the enumerator.\n\n\n- 60% of cases have a high or severe debt per capita. One third of cases did not have a rental agreement.\n\n### **WASH**\n\n\n**Increase the number and scope of community-level projects that benefit both Syrians and Jordanians in areas**\n**with high concentra\ufffdons of refugees, together with greater investment in WASH infrastructure and services.**\n\n\n- The vast majority of Syrian refugees have access to the na\ufffdonal water and sewage networks, including regular water\nsupply (88%). While mains water may be available, the most vulnerable may not have sufficient or safe water storage.\n\n\n- 60% of Syrians are severely vulnerable in WASH. The most nega\ufffdve factor is poor solid waste collec\ufffdon: 80% of cases\nhave experienced solid waste vector evidence more than twice in the last year and 20% of cases have experience waste\n-water overflows more than once in the last year.\n\n\n- The WASH expenditure rate varies significantly. 32% of cases are iden\ufffdfied as severely vulnerable due to spending over\n25% of their expenditure on WASH items.\n\n\n- More than 50% of families have secure access to bathing facili\ufffdes; but 15% are sharing facili\ufffdes with three or\nmore other families.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/442bd2a9-aa04-39f3-9815-232fcc350d32/KeyFindings-2015150615.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_467/raw/doc_467_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_467/raw/doc_467_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a453df1434bf8f358d8311456bb34ec1c3116fcf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_467/raw/doc_467_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L'\u00c9DUCATION ATTAQU\u00c9E EN AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE ET CENTRALE : MISE \u00c0 JOUR 2022\n\n\n\nDepuis la publication de _[L'\u00c9DUCATION ATTAQU\u00c9E EN AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE ET CENTRALE](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-october)_ : Une note du\n\n\n\n[Groupe de Travail R\u00e9gional sur l'\u00c9ducation en Situations d'Urgence](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-october) en octobre 2021, \u00e0 l'occasion de la\nquatri\u00e8me conf\u00e9rence internationale sur la D\u00e9claration sur la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les Ecoles au Nig\u00e9ria, la situation\n\n\n\ndans la r\u00e9gion s'est encore d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e, mettant au premier plan la question de la protection de l'\u00e9ducation.\n\n\n\n**La r\u00e9gion de l'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale a connu une**\n**forte augmentation du nombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es en raison**\n**de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 au cours de l'ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e.**\n\n\n\u00c0 la fin de l'ann\u00e9e scolaire 2021-22, plus de 12 400 \u00e9coles\n\u00e9taient ferm\u00e9es dans huit pays de la r\u00e9gion [1], soit pour \u00eatre\nla cible directe d'attaques des Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Etatiques\n(GANEs), soit parce que les enseignants ont fui, ne laissant\npersonne pour enseigner, soit parce que les parents ont trop\n\n\n1 Selon les Clusters Education du Burkina Faso, du Cameroun, de la R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine (RCA), du Tchad, de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), du\nMali, du Niger et du Nig\u00e9ria. Les chiffres de la RDC concernent sp\u00e9cifiquement les\nattaques directes contre les \u00e9coles.\n\n\n\npeur pour envoyer leurs enfants \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole ou sont eux-m\u00eames\ndans un processus de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition vers des\nzones plus s\u00fbres. L'extension et l'intensification des conflits\nont un effet de plus en plus d\u00e9vastateur sur l'acc\u00e8s et la\ncontinuit\u00e9 de l'apprentissage, affectant l'avenir de g\u00e9n\u00e9rations\nenti\u00e8res d'enfants.\n\n\n\n\n\nAttaques contre l\u2019\u00c9ducation et Tendances de D\u00e9placements en Afrique Occidentale & Centrale (Septembre 2022)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Sources: UNHCR, IOM, ACLED, Insecurity Insight, GCPEA_\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L'\u00c9DUCATION ATTAQU\u00c9E EN AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE ET CENTRALE : MISE \u00c0 JOUR 2022\n\n\nEDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE\n\nNombre d\u2019incidents de violence en lien avec l\u2019\u00e9ducation\n\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\nLes attaques contre les \u00e9tudiants, le personnel scolaire et les\n\u00e9tablissements d'enseignement ont un impact d\u00e9vastateur\nsur l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'apprentissage et sur le d\u00e9veloppement global\nd'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Outre les d\u00e9c\u00e8s et les blessures caus\u00e9s par les\nattaques, elles entra\u00eenent souvent une baisse de l'assiduit\u00e9\ndes \u00e9l\u00e8ves, des probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9ploiement et de r\u00e9tention\ndes enseignants dans les zones d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, une baisse de\nla qualit\u00e9 de l'\u00e9ducation, une exposition accrue \u00e0 des formes\ngraves de violence et \u00e0 d'autres risques, notamment le\nmariage d'enfants, les grossesses pr\u00e9coces, les d\u00e9placements\nforc\u00e9s, le travail des enfants et le risque d'\u00eatre recrut\u00e9 par des\nparties au conflit.\n\n\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n**tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupante.**\n\nCes derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 a augment\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on\n\ns'aggrave, soulignant l'importance de la pr\u00e9vention et de la\npr\u00e9paration pour garantir un acc\u00e8s continu \u00e0 des services\n\u00e9ducatifs de qualit\u00e9.\n\n\n2 Une augmentation de 143 % des attaques dans les zones du sud du Burkina Faso a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e entre janvier 2021 et mai 2022. Cela a entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de milliers\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s burkinab\u00e8 vers le nord-est de la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et le nord du B\u00e9nin: [htps://](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n[reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outl-de-veille-multrisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n[guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022.](https://reliefweb.int/report/cote-divoire/outil-de-veille-multirisques-pour-les-pays-du-golfe-de-guinee-benin-cote-divoire-ghana-togo-au-30-mai-2022)\n\n\n\n**La d\u00e9gradation de la situation est survenue malgr\u00e9 un**\n**certain nombre de d\u00e9veloppements encourageants.**\n\nA ce jour, la plupart des pays d'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale\nont endoss\u00e9 la D\u00e9claration sur la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00c9coles (SSD) [3 ]\n\net ont pris diverses mesures politiques et de proximit\u00e9 pour\nla rendre op\u00e9rationnelle. Par exemple, en 2020, la RCA a\nadopt\u00e9 un code de protection de l'enfant, qui criminalise les\nattaques contre les \u00e9coles et leur occupation. En octobre\n2021, le minist\u00e8re Nig\u00e9rian de la D\u00e9fense, avec le groupe de\ntravail sur l'\u00c9ducation dans les Situations d'Urgence, a lanc\u00e9\nle guide du formateur et le manuel du participant SSD pour les\nagences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les institutions des droits de l'homme\nnig\u00e9rianes et a publi\u00e9 sa politique nationale pour la s\u00fbret\u00e9, la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les \u00e9coles sans violence. Le Mali travaille sur un\nprojet de loi sur la protection des \u00e9coles et des universit\u00e9s\npendant les conflits arm\u00e9s. Un r\u00e9seau de mise en \u0153uvre dirig\u00e9\npar les \u00c9tats est \u00e9galement disponible pour soutenir les \u00c9tats\nqui ont adopt\u00e9 la SSD. Il vise \u00e0 promouvoir la coop\u00e9ration\net l'assistance, et fournit aux \u00c9tats le soutien d'experts\nmondiaux. Une plateforme SSD similaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour les\npays du Sahel afin de promouvoir la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale.\n\n\n3 La D\u00e9claration sur la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00c9coles (SSD) est un engagement politique\nintergouvernemental visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9tudiants, les enseignants, les \u00e9coles et les\nuniversit\u00e9s des pires effets des conflits arm\u00e9s: [htps://ssd.protectngeducaton.org/.](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L'\u00c9DUCATION ATTAQU\u00c9E EN AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE ET CENTRALE : MISE \u00c0 JOUR 2022\n\n\n**Le nombre d'enfants en besoin d'aide humanitaire s'est**\n**multipli\u00e9, tout comme la part des besoins non satisfaits.**\n\n57 millions d'enfants, d'adolescents et de jeunes ne sont pas\nscolaris\u00e9s aujourd'hui en Afrique Occidentale et Centrale,\nce qui repr\u00e9sente pr\u00e8s d'un enfant non scolaris\u00e9 sur quatre\ndans le monde [4] . Ce chiffre est d'autant plus alarmant qu'il\nrepr\u00e9sente le double de la part de la r\u00e9gion dans la population\nmondiale des enfants de l'\u00e2ge correspondant (6 \u00e0 18 ans 12,05 %) [5] .\n\nPour les enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation\nest encore plus difficile. Au cours de l'ann\u00e9e scolaire 202122, \u00e0 peine plus de la moiti\u00e9 des enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en \u00e2ge\nde fr\u00e9quenter l'\u00e9cole primaire dans la r\u00e9gion de l'Afrique\nOccidentale et Centrale \u00e9taient inscrits \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole, tandis qu'\u00e0\npeine 20 % avaient acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'enseignement secondaire et\nmoins de 2 % \u00e0 l'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur [6] .\n\nL'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante a un impact particuli\u00e8rement n\u00e9gatif\nsur l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : d'apr\u00e8s les donn\u00e9es recueillies par le\nm\u00e9canisme r\u00e9gional de suivi de la protection, _Projet 21_ [7], entre\njanvier et avril 2022, 52 % des enfants en moyenne ne sont pas\nall\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel central,\nla principale raison \u00e9tant la fermeture ou la destruction de\n\n\n4 UNESCO GEMR et ISU (2022) : htps://educaton-estmates.org/.\n\n\n5 UNPD/DESA (juillet 2022), Population Estimates 2022 : htps://populaton.\nun.org/wpp/.\n\n\n6 UNHCR RBWCA (ao\u00fbt 2022), Statistiques sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n7 Projet 21 plate-forme en ligne: [htps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/oper-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21)\n[atons/west-and-central-africa/project-21.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21)\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nl'\u00e9cole (27 %) [8] .\n\nLa r\u00e9duction des effectifs et de la fr\u00e9quentation scolaire est\n\u00e9galement due au fait que 53 % des enfants r\u00e9v\u00e8lent qu'ils ne\nse sentent pas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole, et que pr\u00e8s des deux tiers\n(64 %) des enfants d\u00e9clarent avoir peu ou pas d'espoir pour\nleur avenir [9] .\n\nLa r\u00e9gion est donc confront\u00e9e \u00e0 un d\u00e9fi sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, et une\npartie importante de sa r\u00e9ponse sera sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 offrir un\nmeilleur avenir \u00e0 sa jeunesse. Malgr\u00e9 cette situation effrayante\net une prise de conscience accrue du probl\u00e8me, le secteur de\nl'\u00e9ducation et plus particuli\u00e8rement la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire aux\nbesoins \u00e9ducatifs sont toujours gravement sous-financ\u00e9s : par\nexemple, en 2021, le secteur de l'\u00e9ducation dans les r\u00e9ponses\nhumanitaires n'\u00e9tait financ\u00e9 qu'\u00e0 hauteur de 22 %, soit la moiti\u00e9\nde ce qu'il \u00e9tait en 2018 [10] .\n\n\n8 Projet 21, [Analyse janvier-avril 2022.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/projet_21_mise_a_jour_1_janvier-avril_2022.pdf)\n\n\n9 NRC, UNHCR, UNICEF (janvier 2022). [Central Sahel: Improve children's wellbeing](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/central-sahel-improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning)\n[and learning - Increasing psychosocial support in schools.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/document/central-sahel-improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning)\n\n\n10 Geneva Global Hub for Education in Emergencies (2022). [Educaton in Emergen-](https://eiehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022_EiE-Financing-in-the-Wake-of-COVID-19_Time-to-Reinvest-to-Meet-Growing-Needs.pdf)\n[cies Financing in the Wake of COVID-19: Time to Reinvest to Meet Growing Needs. Ce](https://eiehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022_EiE-Financing-in-the-Wake-of-COVID-19_Time-to-Reinvest-to-Meet-Growing-Needs.pdf)\nchiffre ne comprend pas les appels en faveur des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Recommandations**\n\n**Seule une augmentation significative de la**\n**mobilisation de tous les acteurs de l'\u00e9ducation en**\n**faveur de la mise en \u0153uvre de la SSD dans la r\u00e9gion**\n**permettra de prot\u00e9ger le droit fondamental des**\n**enfants \u00e0 apprendre en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.**\n\nNous enjoignons les Gouvernements, toutes les parties au\nconflit et la communaut\u00e9 internationale \u00e0 prendre des mesures\nconcert\u00e9es pour mettre fin aux attaques et aux menaces contre\nles \u00e9coles, les \u00e9tudiants et le personnel scolaire en Afrique\nOccidentale et Centrale, et \u00e0 intensifier le soutien responsable et\ndurable \u00e0 un apprentissage de qualit\u00e9 pour chaque enfant de la\nr\u00e9gion.\n\n**Recommandation 1: adopter des approches holistiques,**\n**int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et multisectorielles pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la**\n**D\u00e9claration sur la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00c9coles**\n\n- Les \u00c9tats doivent rendre op\u00e9rationnelle la _R\u00e9solution 2601_\n_(2021)_ [11], adopt\u00e9e par le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies\nle 29 octobre 2021, visant \u00e0 assurer la protection des enfants\ntouch\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s et \u00e0 faciliter la continuit\u00e9 et la\nprotection de l'\u00e9ducation en p\u00e9riode de conflit arm\u00e9.\n\n- Les Gouvernements doivent prendre des mesures concr\u00e8tes\n\n- par exemple, par le biais de la l\u00e9gislation, d'ordres permanents\net de formations - pour mettre fin \u00e0 l'utilisation militaire des\n\u00e9coles et, au minimum, appliquer les _Lignes Directrices pour_\n_la Protection des \u00c9coles et des Universit\u00e9s contre l\u2019Utilisation_\n_Militaire durant les Conflits Arm\u00e9s_ [12] .\n\n- La communaut\u00e9 internationale doit soutenir une forte\ncoop\u00e9ration mondiale et r\u00e9gionale et l'\u00e9change entre pairs de\nbonnes pratiques et d'enseignements tir\u00e9s de l'exp\u00e9rience par\nle biais du r\u00e9seau de mise en \u0153uvre dirig\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats ou de la\nplateforme du Sahel sur la mise en \u0153uvre de la _D\u00e9claration sur_\n_la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00c9coles_ .\n\n**Recommandation 2: Syst\u00e9matiser les mesures visant \u00e0**\n**pr\u00e9venir les attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation**\n\n- Les Gouvernements et les partenaires doivent\nimm\u00e9diatement n\u00e9gocier la non-occupation des \u00e9coles par les\nparties au conflit et donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation et \u00e0 la\ns\u00e9curisation des \u00e9coles endommag\u00e9es ou d\u00e9truites (y compris\npar le d\u00e9minage).\n\n- Les Gouvernements et les partenaires doivent mettre en\nplace des syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce et des plans d'intervention\nd'urgence (en consultation avec les communaut\u00e9s scolaires),\nrenforcer les capacit\u00e9s du personnel \u00e9ducatif et former les\nenfants et les enseignants \u00e0 l'autoprotection, notamment par le\nbiais de l'approche \" _Safe Schools_ \".\n\n\n11 R\u00e9solution 2601 (2021) du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur les enfants et les conflits\narm\u00e9s: [htps://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946523?ln=fr.](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3946523?ln=fr)\n\n\n12 GCPEA (2014). [Guidelines for Protectng Schools and Universites from Military](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n[Use during Armed Confict.](https://protectingeducation.org/publication/guidelines-for-protecting-schools-and-universities-from-military-use-during-armed-conflict/)\n\n\n\nL'\u00c9DUCATION ATTAQU\u00c9E EN AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE ET CENTRALE : MISE \u00c0 JOUR 2022\n\n\n - Les pays c\u00f4tiers doivent renforcer d'urgence tous\nleurs plans de pr\u00e9vention et d'intervention afin de prot\u00e9ger\nles \u00e9coles et la continuit\u00e9 de l'enseignement en cas de\nd\u00e9t\u00e9rioration rapide de la situation s\u00e9curitaire.\n\n**Recommandation 3: Renforcer les solutions d'apprentissage**\n**alternatives, innovantes, acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es et flexibles pour la**\n**continuit\u00e9 \u00e9ducative**\n\n - Les Gouvernements et les partenaires doivent\nimm\u00e9diatement n\u00e9gocier la r\u00e9ouverture des \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es\nd'une part, et introduire ou \u00e9tendre les initiatives qui favorisent\nla poursuite de l'apprentissage pour les enfants qui ont d\u00fb\nabandonner l'\u00e9cole ou ceux qui ont eu de longues interruptions\ndans leur apprentissage d'autre part. Pour ce faire, les\nminist\u00e8res doivent faire preuve de souplesse dans leurs\napproches et les partenaires doivent faire preuve d'innovation\net exp\u00e9rimenter diverses options d'\u00e9ducation alternatives,\nnotamment l'enseignement \u00e0 distance.\n\n - Les acteurs de l'\u00e9ducation doivent travailler avec les\nstructures d'\u00e9ducation coranique, sachant qu'elles sont\nsouvent les seules \u00e0 rester ouvertes dans le contexte actuel o\u00f9\nl'\u00e9ducation est attaqu\u00e9e, promouvoir l'inclusion de la litt\u00e9ratie\net de la num\u00e9ratie fondamentales dans ces structures,\net soutenir les parcours de formation continue pour leurs\napprenants.\n\n**Recommandation 4: D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le soutien**\n**psychosocial aux enfants, \u00e0 leurs enseignants et au**\n**personnel \u00e9ducatif**\n\n - Les Gouvernements et les partenaires doivent fournir un\nsoutien accru aux enfants traumatis\u00e9s et \u00e0 leurs enseignants\nen mati\u00e8re d'apprentissage psychosocial et socio-\u00e9motionnel,\nen groupe et individuellement, en reconnaissant que les\npremiers ne peuvent pas apprendre et que les seconds ne\npeuvent pas enseigner.\n\n**Recommandation 5: Augmenter le financement pr\u00e9visible et**\n**flexible de l'\u00e9ducation en situations d'urgence**\n\n - Les minist\u00e8res de l'\u00c9ducation doivent plaider aupr\u00e8s des\nminist\u00e8res des Finances et du Budget pour une augmentation\ndes allocations budg\u00e9taires permettant des d\u00e9boursements\nflexibles.\n\n - Les minist\u00e8res de l'\u00c9ducation doivent rendre des\ncomptes aux enfants les plus difficiles \u00e0 atteindre et les plus\nmarginalis\u00e9s, y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et garantir un acc\u00e8s\n\u00e9quitable aux services \u00e9ducatifs.\n\n - Les bailleurs de fonds doivent promouvoir les synergies et\nles compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9s des financements afin d'en assurer la\nmeilleure utilisation, et financer des mesures sp\u00e9cifiques pour\npr\u00e9venir, att\u00e9nuer et r\u00e9pondre aux attaques contre l'\u00e9ducation\n\u00e0 travers le lien d\u00e9veloppement-humanitaire, y compris lors\nde la prochaine conf\u00e9rence des donateurs organis\u00e9e par\nEducation Cannot Wait en f\u00e9vrier 2023.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Global** Education Cluster\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/586f0f21-72dd-402a-9ade-d1117aa9977f/L%27%C3%A9ducation%20attaqu%C3%A9e%20en%20Afrique%20Occidentale%20et%20Centrale%20-%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_468/raw/doc_468_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_468/raw/doc_468_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ddb34c8d13f577c3e870d9bff65b19c5e7ed3a6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_468/raw/doc_468_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **RAPPORT D'\u00c9VALUATION**\n# **PROBLEMES LI\u00c9S AU LTP DANS UN CONTEXTE DE** **DEPLACEMENT A DIFFA**\n\n_Septembre 2017_\n\n### **1. INTRODUCTION**\n\nCe document donne un bref aper\u00e7u des principaux d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s au LTP dans le contexte du d\u00e9placement dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Diffa. Il est bas\u00e9 sur les conclusions d'une \u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire de ces d\u00e9fis dans le cadre de la\nmission du CSU sur le LTP \u00e0 Diffa du 7 au 23 ao\u00fbt 2017. Au cours de cette mission, au moins huit sites de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s [1] ont \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9s sur une p\u00e9riode de quatre jours durant lesquels des groupes focaux de discussion\nont eu lieu avec des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) et quelques retournes. Des visites de\nsites et des entretiens d\u2019informateurs cl\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s d\u2019une s\u00e9lection de dirigeants communautaires, d\u2019autorit\u00e9s\nlocales et d'autres acteurs centraux, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s.\n\nIl convient de noter que ce bref document ne pr\u00e9sente pas une liste exhaustive des d\u00e9fis r\u00e9els ou potentiels\nen mati\u00e8re de LTP et qu'il n'aborde pas non plus de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9taill\u00e9e les probl\u00e8mes suppos\u00e9s \u00eatre connus\n(par exemple la qualit\u00e9 de l'abri sur certains sites). Par ailleurs, des \u00e9carts significatifs (intentions de retour,\nsyst\u00e8mes fonciers, informations disponibles sur la situation dans les zones d'origine, etc.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s au\nniveau des situations du LTP lors de l'\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire, ce qui rend difficile toute g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation\nsignificative \u00e0 ce stade. En cons\u00e9quence, ce document devra \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le point de d\u00e9part d'une\ndiscussion sur la protection des droits au LTP des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par le d\u00e9placement \u00e0 Diffa. Il est\naccompagn\u00e9 d'une fiche d'information sur la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du LTP \u00e0 Diffa, permettant de faire une\ndistinction entre les d\u00e9fis du LTP li\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement et ceux qui affectent la population en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral cause par\nle sous-d\u00e9veloppement et d'autres d\u00e9fis existant dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n### **2. PROBLEMES LI\u00c9S AU LTP LORS DES DEPLACEMENT** **2.1 Manque de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation**\n\nOutre le fait que les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et celles qui retournent chez elles aient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\nplusieurs fois avant leur arriv\u00e9e dans la zone de refuge actuelle, leurs modes d\u2019installation et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nd\u2019occupation dans laquelle ils se trouvent, semblent varier consid\u00e9rablement dans l\u2019ensemble de la r\u00e9gion.\nLes dispositions suivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus souvent rencontr\u00e9es lors de l'\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire:\n\n - Installation sur des terres dans ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d'un village g\u00e9r\u00e9 par une autorit\u00e9 locale (ex : Maire, Chef\nde Canton ou Gouverneur)\n\n - Installation sur un terrain dans ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d'un village de parents (le village a \u00e9t\u00e9 cibl\u00e9 sur la base de\nrelations pr\u00e9existantes avec les membres de la communaut\u00e9 locale ou le chef de village)\n\n - Installation sur des terres situ\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la zone d'o\u00f9 ils ont fui et qui ont simplement \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9es\ns\u00e9curitaire (souvent en consultation avec le chef de village)\n\n - Installation sur des terres publiques, telles que les bordures d'une route (principalement en zones\nurbaines)\n\n - Installation sur une parcelle appartenant \u00e0 un parent (principalement dans les zones urbaines et\nl'installation peut aussi se faire sur des terres publiques)\n\n\n1 Ngagam, Assaga, Gari Wanzam, March\u00e9 B\u00e9tail, Gagamari, Maina Karderi et quelques sites aux alentours de la ville de\nDiffa.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Installation sur des parcelles inoccup\u00e9es (lotis) appartenant \u00e0 des particuliers (majoritairement en zone\nurbaine et avec ou sans autorisation du propri\u00e9taire et / ou chef de quartier)\n\n - Installation sur des terres appartenant \u00e0 des parents, dans le cas o\u00f9 il y aurait ou non suffisamment\nd'espace (surtout dans le cas des personnes retournant chez elles)\n\n - Installation sur des parcelles lotis attribu\u00e9es (uniquement dans le cas des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et de ceux\nqui retournent)\n\nIl existe diff\u00e9rents facteurs, dont des consid\u00e9rations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui pourraient expliquer ces mod\u00e8les\nd\u2019installation, dont la discussion reste au-del\u00e0 de la port\u00e9e de l'\u00e9valuation. Il est important de noter que m\u00eame\ndans les cas o\u00f9 l\u2019installation aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les retournes\nn'avaient aucune id\u00e9e du temps pendant lequel ils seraient autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 rester \u00e0 ces endroits (\u2018jusqu'\u00e0 ce que\nnous soyons de retour\u2019) ou de ce qu'ils n'\u00e9taient pas autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 faire avec la terre occup\u00e9e et l'abri construit.\nAucune des personnes interrog\u00e9es n'a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir pay\u00e9 des frais (mon\u00e9taires ou en nature) pour les terres\nqu'elles occupaient. [2]\n\nLa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation d\u00e9signe la certitude que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, l'occupation ou l'utilisation du logement et / ou\nde la terre par une personne est reconnue et prot\u00e9g\u00e9e contre toutes contestations de la part de tout autre\npersonne. A la lumi\u00e8re des diverses modalit\u00e9s d'occupation ci-dessus d\u00e9crites, les PDI, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les\nretourn\u00e9s (seront) confront\u00e9s \u00e0 divers d\u00e9fis en raison de la faible s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'occupation. Ceux qui sont install\u00e9s\nsur des parcelles vacantes appartenant \u00e0 des particuliers peuvent \u00eatre pri\u00e9s de quitter cette parcelle une fois\nque le propri\u00e9taire d\u00e9cide d\u2019y commencer une construction. [3] Les personnes qui se sont install\u00e9es sur des\nterres appartenant \u00e0 des propri\u00e9taires terriens peuvent \u00eatre pri\u00e9s de quitter cet endroit une fois que le niveau\nd\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit ou que les propri\u00e9taires r\u00e9alisent qu\u2019ils ont besoin de leur terre. Ceux qui s'installent\nsur des terres publiques dans les zones urbaines peuvent aussi \u00eatre pri\u00e9s de quitter la zone \u00e0 la suite\nd'initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement urbain. Cependant, m\u00eame ceux qui sont install\u00e9s sur des terres adjacentes \u00e0\nun village et ayant de fortes relations pr\u00e9existantes avec les villageois, peuvent \u00eatre pri\u00e9s de quitter l\u2019endroit\nen raison de tensions intercommunautaires accrues. Au moment de l'\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire, un groupe de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 N'Guigmi a re\u00e7u avis de d\u00e9guerpissement de parcelles occup\u00e9es et 13 m\u00e9nages avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0\nam\u00e9nag\u00e9 ailleurs. Dans la ville de Diffa, un chef de quartier a signal\u00e9 plusieurs cas de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,\nayant d\u00fb se d\u00e9placer vers d'autres parcelles. Un groupe de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de personne retournant \u00e0 Diffa a\n\u00e9galement fait part de leur cas, devant bient\u00f4t quitter les parcelles vacantes vu que celles-ci appartiennent \u00e0\ndes particuliers, bien qu\u2019install\u00e9 sur ces terres avec l'autorisation du chef de quartier, qui selon eux, les aiderait\n\u00e0 trouver un autre terrain inoccup\u00e9.\n\nIl convient de noter que, sur la base des r\u00e9sultats de l'\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire, il n'est pas possible d'indiquer\nquel groupe (PDI, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ou retournes) est le plus en proie \u00e0 la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re ou risque le plus d'\u00eatre\nexpuls\u00e9. Les options pour un acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre sont relativement limit\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa car il\nn'y a pas de march\u00e9 foncier fonctionnel et les initiatives bien organis\u00e9es et accessibles d'allocation de terres\nsont limit\u00e9es. A ce stade, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les personnes retournant d\u00e9pendent des\nrelations et de la bonne volont\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s locales et des proches ainsi que des initiatives d'allocation\ndes terres soutenues par les acteurs internationaux et locaux (notamment le Projet d'Urbanisation dirig\u00e9 par\nle HCR).\n\n### **2.2 Manque d'acc\u00e8s aux terres agricoles**\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es ont indiqu\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 ou inexistant aux terres agricoles, qui\nseraient utilis\u00e9es pour l'agriculture de subsistance, le mara\u00eechage ou l'\u00e9levage. Dans certaines zones, il y a un\nmanque de terres appropri\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du village et l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e au manque de moyens de\ntransport emp\u00eachent les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les retournes d'acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la terre un peu plus\nloin du village. Quelques personnes interrog\u00e9es qui poss\u00e9daient des terres agricoles ont expliqu\u00e9 qu'elles en\n\n\n2 Cependant, un rapport interne du HCR sur les d\u00e9fis de l'installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans la commune de N'Guigmi rapporte\ndes frais de location allant de 300 \u00e0 500 nairas. Voir \u00abNote sur la probl\u00e9matique du d\u00e9guerpissement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur les\nparcelles \u00e0 N'Guigmi\u00bb du 6 juin 2017.\n3 Les propri\u00e9taires sont l\u00e9galement tenus de finaliser la construction de leur logement (il s\u2019agit de la mise en valeur) dans\nles quatre ans suivant l'obtention de la parcelle.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "avaient obtenu l'acc\u00e8s par l'interm\u00e9diaire de parents proches. En retour, il \u00e9tait convenu qu\u2019ils donneraient\nau propri\u00e9taire une partie de leur r\u00e9colte en guise symbolique de leur gratitude. Seulement deux personnes\ninterrog\u00e9es avaient conclu un contrat de location plus formel sur des terres agricoles. Il semblait y avoir un\nconsensus sur le fait que les femmes avaient plus de mal pour acc\u00e9der aux terres agricoles en raison de\nl\u2019\u00e9loignement des terres disponibles et des restrictions culturelles. Etant donn\u00e9 que les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les personnes retournant peuvent tous avoir des relations \u00e9troites avec leurs proches et / ou\nles moyens d'acc\u00e9der officiellement aux terres agricoles, il n'est pas possible d'indiquer quel groupe a le moins\nou le plus acc\u00e8s aux terres.\n\n### **3. PROBLEMES LIES AU LTP ET SOLUTIONS DURABLES** **3.1 Dans le contexte du retour**\n\n**Personnes D\u00e9plac\u00e9es Internes**\n\n1) R\u00e9occupation du LTP abandonn\u00e9\nLa r\u00e9gion de Diffa peut \u00eatre subdivis\u00e9e en diff\u00e9rentes zones (par exemple la zone du Lac, la zone de la\nKomadougou, etc.) et chaque zone a un (des) syst\u00e8me (s) foncier (s) diff\u00e9rent (s). Par exemple, il semble qu'un\nnombre n\u2019important de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es des _\u00eelots_, o\u00f9 il y a peut-\u00eatre une p\u00e9nurie de terres, \u00e9taient\nnouveaux occupants ou avaient l'habitude de louer des terres. Les terres proches de la rivi\u00e8re Komadougou\nsemblent plus int\u00e9ressantes du fait de l'irrigation.\n\nLa plupart des PDI interrog\u00e9es ont h\u00e9rit\u00e9 ou achet\u00e9 leur terre (r\u00e9sidentielle et / ou agricole). Les d\u00e9fis auxquels\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es seront susceptibles de faire face en r\u00e9occupant leur LTP abandonn\u00e9 d\u00e9pendront\nbeaucoup de leur situation pr\u00e9-d\u00e9placement. Ceux qui souhaitent retourner dans les \u00eelots devront\nprobablement chercher des terres disponibles ainsi que les moyens de couvrir les frais de location. Ceux qui\nsouhaitent retourner sur les terres agricoles dont ils ont h\u00e9rit\u00e9 ou qu\u2019ils ont achet\u00e9es, devront plut\u00f4t chercher\ndes moyens de les d\u00e9fricher et de les r\u00e9habiliter. Les personnes interrog\u00e9es ne s'attendaient pas \u00e0 d'autres\nd\u00e9fis majeurs, tels que la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 prouver la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Bien que la majorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es aient\nperdu leur documentation li\u00e9e au LTP (voir ci-dessous), il semble y avoir consensus sur le fait que le\nt\u00e9moignage du ayant droit permettrait, \u00e0 lui seul, de r\u00e9soudre d'\u00e9ventuelles revendications contradictoires.\nCes revendications contradictoires peuvent d\u00e9couler de la d\u00e9marcation des limites qui ont disparu ou des\narrangements intrafamiliaux avant le d\u00e9placement, qui peuvent \u00eatre mis en \u00e9vidence par le processus de\nretour et de r\u00e9habilitation.\n\n2) LTP endommag\u00e9\nLes PDI ont not\u00e9 que le manque d'entretien de leurs logements et de leurs terres ainsi que les dommages qui\nen r\u00e9sultaient constituaient un d\u00e9fi majeur pour leur retour. La majorit\u00e9 semble avoir v\u00e9cu dans des maisons\nen banco (certaines de ces maisons ont des toitures de t\u00f4le ondul\u00e9e) ou une maison en paille, qui n\u00e9cessite\nun entretien r\u00e9gulier. Les terres agricoles auraient quant \u00e0 elles \u00e9t\u00e9 envahies et devraient \u00eatre nettoy\u00e9es avec\ndu mat\u00e9riel appropri\u00e9. Environ 50% des PDI interrog\u00e9es ont indiqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer une aide pour la reconstruction\nde leur maison, tandis que l'autre moiti\u00e9 pr\u00e9f\u00e8rerait recevoir des aides au niveau de leurs moyens de\nsubsistance et s'occuper plus tard de leur maison ( \u2018 d\u00e9j\u00e0 ici, nous vivons dans des tentes; nous aimerions donc\npouvoir vivre dans des tentes aussi quand nous serons de retour chez nous'). De nombreuses personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019elles n\u2019\u00e9taient pas en mesure de transporter avec elles, leurs biens meubles, tels\nque leur b\u00e9tail, leur \u00e9quipement et d'autres outils.\n\n3) Perte de documentation li\u00e9e au LTP\nUn nombre important de PDI interrog\u00e9es qui ont achet\u00e9 leur terre et / ou leur maison, poss\u00e9daient une sorte\nde document avant leur d\u00e9placement. Il s'agissait principalement d'une Attestation de T\u00e9moignage\n(\u00abcacadoushede\u00bb), d\u00e9livr\u00e9e par le _Chef de Village_ . Les PDI de Bosso ont \u00e9galement fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 une\nAttestation de Maison (\u00abcacadouvadoue\u00bb). Comme indiqu\u00e9, les PDI ayant perdu leur document sont\nconvaincus de ce que le t\u00e9moignage facilitera leur r\u00e9occupation sur leur terre abandonn\u00e9e au cas o\u00f9 ils\nrencontraient des difficult\u00e9s dans ce processus. La plupart des PDI ayant h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des terres ne semblaient\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas avoir de document et ils pourraient \u00e9galement s\u2019appuyer sur le t\u00e9moignage au cas o\u00f9 leur\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 venait \u00e0 \u00eatre contest\u00e9e.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4) Acc\u00e8s des femmes au LTP\nBien que le droit statutaire et la charia garantissent aux femmes le droit d'h\u00e9riter du bien de leur mari d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9,\nles personnes interrog\u00e9es ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement convenu que cela n'\u00e9tait pas toujours respect\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.\nLes femmes peuvent ne pas recevoir leur part conform\u00e9ment aux prescriptions des pratiques religieuses. Si le\ncouple n'a pas d'enfants, il y a un risque accru que la femme ne re\u00e7oive rien du tout. Par ailleurs, l\u2019on ne sait\npas \u00e0 quelle fr\u00e9quence cela pourrait aboutir \u00e0 l'itin\u00e9rance. Il est pourtant probable que le nombre de femmes\nveuves ou c\u00e9libataires ait augment\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite de la crise.\n\n### **R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n\n1) R\u00e9occupation d\u2019un LTP abandonn\u00e9\nLa majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s auraient v\u00e9cu dans des maisons en dur ou en banco avant leur d\u00e9placement. Les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des villages ont pour la plupart h\u00e9rit\u00e9 ou achet\u00e9 leur terre (r\u00e9sidentielle et / ou agricole). Ceux qui\nvenaient des villes achetaient ou louaient pour la plupart leur logement et / ou leur terre. En raison de la\nnature du conflit dans le nord du Nigeria (la plupart des zones \u00ablib\u00e9r\u00e9es\u00bb sont compl\u00e8tement vides, \u00e0\nl'exception d'une pr\u00e9sence militaire). Pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les logements et les terres laiss\u00e9s derri\u00e8re eux ne\nferont pas l\u2019objet d\u2019une quelconque revendication / occupation conflictuelle. Pourtant, des accords de pr\u00e9d\u00e9placement peu clairs sur l'utilisation des terres et / ou du logement peuvent entra\u00eener des conflits mineurs\nlors du retour ; toutefois les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont confiance que les autorit\u00e9s locales pourront apporter une solution \u00e0\nla question de mani\u00e8re relativement facile, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant. Parmi les personnes interrog\u00e9es, Il n\u2019y avait que\nquelques uns qui ont exprim\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes quant au fait que les principaux t\u00e9moins pourraient \u00eatre\nd\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s ou ne reviendront pas dans la zone.\n\n2) Locataires\nComme not\u00e9, il semble y avoir un nombre important de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui avaient l'habitude de louer des logements\net / ou des terres avant leur d\u00e9placement. Il s\u2019agit principalement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9s des zones urbaines\n(notamment Damasak et Mallam-Fatori). Plusieurs de ces personnes ont l'habitude de payer leur loyer \u00e0\nl'avance (de 3 \u00e0 12 mois). La facilit\u00e9 avec laquelle ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pourront r\u00e9occuper leur ancienne maison de\nlocation (et r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer l'avance pay\u00e9e) d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9tat de la maison au moment de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ainsi que\nde la relation avec le propri\u00e9taire. Ceux qui sont incapables de retourner \u00e0 leur ancienne maison de location\ndevront avoir des moyens financiers importants pour conclure un nouveau contrat de location. Notons que le\nstock de logements locatifs disponibles est inconnu, surtout apr\u00e8s les op\u00e9rations militaires dans la r\u00e9gion. Les\npersonnes interrog\u00e9es ont ainsi confirm\u00e9 que les femmes c\u00e9libataires auraient du mal \u00e0 conclure un contrat\nde location.\n\n3) Dommages au LTP\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont not\u00e9 que le manque d'entretien, les incendies criminels et les op\u00e9rations militaires \u00e9taient les\nprincipales causes des dommages importants \u00e0 leur logement. Comme nous l'a vu, la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nvivaient dans des logements en mat\u00e9riaux durables (dont le ciment) ou des maisons en banco et s'attendaient\n\u00e0 des travaux de r\u00e9habilitation importants. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont exprim\u00e9 des pr\u00e9occupations quant au manque de\nmoyens financiers pour entreprendre de tels efforts. Plusieurs personnes (principalement de Damasak) ont\nfait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l'assistance fournie par le gouvernement local (gouvernement de Borno) \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation\ndes logements. Certains \u00e9taient retourn\u00e9s s'inscrire pour obtenir de l'aide. En effet, il y a une liste d'attente\ng\u00e9r\u00e9e par un d\u00e9partement qui visite les logements affect\u00e9s (pour prendre des photos et enregistrer d'autres\ninformations cl\u00e9). Il y a \u00e9galement eu des rapports sur la r\u00e9habilitation de logements de la part de la CroixRouge. Malgr\u00e9 le fait que la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aient perdu leur documentation relative au LTP, ils estimaient\nqu\u2019il n\u2019y aurait aucun probl\u00e8me \u00e0 prouver leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9 par rapport au bien concern\u00e9. A l'instar des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es, il n'y avait pas de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence marqu\u00e9e pour l'aide \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation du logement ou aux activit\u00e9s\nde subsistance parmi les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n'ont pas pu sauver leurs biens mobiliers, bien que\ncertains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aient d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 contact\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e afin de rentrer et r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs biens (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nde Mallam-Fatori \u00e0 Ngagam).\n\n4) Perte de la documentation relative au LTP\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A l'instar des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s poss\u00e9daient des documents relatifs au HLP avant leur\nd\u00e9placement, en particulier ceux qui avaient fui les grands centres urbains. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se r\u00e9f\u00e9raient \u00e0 un\n\u00abr\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9\u00bb, \u00e0 _une attestation de t\u00e9moignage_ (\u00abcacadoushede\u00bb) ou \u00e0 _une attestation de maison_\n(\u00abcacadouvadoue\u00bb) et, pour la terre, \u00e0 _une attestation d'usage_ (\u00abcacadoukouloue\u00bb). Ceux qui viennent des\nzones urbaines peuvent avoir demand\u00e9 un enregistrement suppl\u00e9mentaire de leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 convenu\nque les d\u00e9clarations des t\u00e9moins seraient accept\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s afin de prouver leur droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9\nen cas de revendications contradictoires.\n\n5) Acc\u00e8s des femmes au LTP\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont soulev\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes similaires concernant la question de l'h\u00e9ritage en tant que PDI. Tel\nque mentionn\u00e9, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont fait cas des difficult\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res pour les femmes c\u00e9libataires \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0\nun logement locatif.\n\n### **Retournes**\n\nDans le contexte du retour, les pr\u00e9occupations soulev\u00e9es par les retournes sont similaires \u00e0 celles des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nIls semblaient avoir eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des logements et \u00e0 des terres agricoles \u00e0 l\u2019instar des nationaux, bien que, de\ntoute \u00e9vidence, la majorit\u00e9 d'entre eux aient obtenu leur maison ou leur terre par achat plut\u00f4t que par\nh\u00e9ritage. Comme indiqu\u00e9, les achats \u00e9taient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement document\u00e9s, en particulier dans les zones\nurbaines, et la plupart des personnes retournant, ont perdu ces documents. Lorsqu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9s sur\nles difficult\u00e9s \u00e9ventuelles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9occupation des logements et des terrains abandonn\u00e9s, ils ont exprim\u00e9\nune confiance similaire dans les autorit\u00e9s locales et au recours aux t\u00e9moins pour prouver leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en\ncas de revendications conflictuelles.\n\n### **3.2 Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 d'autres solutions durables**\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (environ 90% en moyenne) ont indiqu\u00e9 ne pas avoir\nl'intention de revenir au cours des trois prochains mois. Dans plusieurs zones de retour, l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e8gne, les\nactivit\u00e9s militaires sont en cours et / ou l\u2019on y note l'absence de l'autorit\u00e9. La r\u00e9installation n'est donc pas une\noption pour l\u2019instant. Certaines PDI et retournes, semblent consid\u00e9rer l'int\u00e9gration locale. Nul ne sait si cette\noption est faisable pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Malgr\u00e9 l'intensification des discussions et l'accent mis sur le retour parmi\nles principales parties prenantes \u00e0 Diffa, il est important d'examiner \u00e9galement les questions li\u00e9es au LTP dans\nun contexte de d\u00e9placement prolong\u00e9. En effet, dans un tel contexte, il est sied d'am\u00e9liorer la jouissance des\ndroits et d'accro\u00eetre l'autosuffisance jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'une solution durable devienne disponible. Etre en mesure\nde prendre soin de leur famille et de contribuer \u00e0 l'\u00e9conomie locale am\u00e9liore les chances de succ\u00e8s dans la\nrecherche d\u2019une solution durable.\n\nDans le contexte du LTP et de l'approche progressive vers des solutions, les PDI, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les personnes\nretournant chez elles doivent avoir un niveau minimum de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation. Le fait de devoir d\u00e9m\u00e9nager\nsur un autre terrain ou un autre site et reconstruire des abris de base, entra\u00eene des co\u00fbts suppl\u00e9mentaires et\ninterrompt les nouvelles relations d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragiles. Par ailleurs, le fait pour une personne de ne pas savoir combien\nde temps il pourrait rester dans un endroit donn\u00e9, peut l'emp\u00eacher de rechercher de mani\u00e8re proactive des\nmoyens de subsistance solides. Si tant est qu\u2019un PDI, un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 ou un retourn\u00e9 parvient \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des terres\nagricoles, il est peu probable qu'il y investisse beaucoup de temps et de ressources s'il n'est pas s\u00fbr de la dur\u00e9e\nde cet acc\u00e8s. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'occupation peut donc \u00e9galement conduire \u00e0 une am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 des\nabris et des logements, car les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les retournes sont susceptibles d'\u00eatre\nconvaincus que ces am\u00e9liorations en valent la peine.\n\n### **4. CONCLUSION**\n\nDans un contexte de d\u00e9placement continu, l'\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire a mis en \u00e9vidence des d\u00e9fis possibles li\u00e9s\nau manque de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation dans divers sites de la r\u00e9gion. En revanche, dans le contexte du retour, il\nn'y a heureusement pas de drapeaux rouges, tels qu'une occupation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle ou \u00e0 motivation\npolitique, ou des proc\u00e9dures administratives compliqu\u00e9es dans le processus r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du LTP abandonn\u00e9,\net ainsi de suite. Tout en rappelant que ce rapport est bas\u00e9 sur une \u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire, l\u2019UNHCR\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "continuera \u00e0 suivre les diff\u00e9rentes questions du LTP et reste ouverte pour de possibles opportunit\u00e9s de\ncollaboration.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/187899d2-86ec-3bf2-8c05-c7f3c02bae03/LTP-Diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_469/raw/doc_469_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_469/raw/doc_469_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7a13c9492ce870f607d3c4354a773e1f58a2dab3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_469/raw/doc_469_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,450 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "20 January 2022\n\n# **Gender-Based Violence Information Management System** **Analysis of an increase in GBV incidents against children** **Quarter 3\u20142021**\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nThroughout 2021, the continued deterioration of Lebanon\u2019s socioeconomic context combined with\ngovernment stagnation have worsened the overall protection situation for Syrian refugees and refugees\nof other nationalities and deepened the vulnerability of the Lebanese host community. The ongoing crisis\nhas had an acute impact on the most at-risk groups, including vulnerable children.\n\n\nThis gender-based violence information management system (GBVIMS) report [1] aims to analyze the\nincrease in reports of GBV against children in Lebanon. Increasing poverty levels, barriers in access to\neducation, rising child labor rates and growing family tensions are all considered risk factors for GBV\nagainst children. The analysis has been triangulated with other sources, protection monitoring reports,\nstudies, surveys and assessments conducted in Lebanon such as VaSyR 2021 preliminary findings, the\nsituational analysis of the child labor in Lebanon and UNICEF report on Understanding the root causes of\nviolence against children.\n\n**Profile of children survivors seeking GBV services**\n\nData from the third quarter of 2021 show that adults accounted for **87 percent** and children accounted\nfor **13 percent of the GBV cases reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of adults remains high,\nsimilar to the previous quarters, while children made up an average of **9 percent** of survivors seeking GBV\nservices in the first two quarters of 2021. According to field reports, South Lebanon recorded the highest\nproportion of children seeking services, at **29 percent** .\n\nMost of the children who accessed GBV services were female (9 per cent, while boys were also affected\nwith 10 percent). In terms of child sexual abuse, **18 percent of child sexual abuse cases on GBVIMS were**\n**reported by male children** . Risk of sexual violence for girls and boys might often be related to child labor.\nAccording to the preliminary findings of the 2021 \u201cVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon\u201d (VASyR) [2], **5 percent** of children (age 5 to 17) were engaged in child labor in 2021, compared to\n4 percent in 2020. The rate of child labor increases as the child\u2019s age increases, reaching **16** percent for\nchildren at the age of 17. The same assessment revealed that boys accounting to **8 percent** are more likely\nto be engaged in child labor than girls, accounting to **2 percent** .\n\n\n1\nThe data quoted above are derived from only reported cases and do not represent the total incidences or prevalence of GBV in Lebanon.\nThese statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS for data collection in implementing GBV\nresponse activities across Lebanon, with the informed consent of survivors. Thirteen organizations contributed to the trends. These data should\nnot be used for direct follow-up with survivors or additional case follow-up. This information is confidential and must not be shared outside\nyour organization/agency. Should you like to use these data or access more information on the GBVIMS, please contact the Inter-Agency\nGBVIMS Coordinator, Lamis Delbani (aldelbani@unfpa.org).\n2\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary Results of the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9857755899429321, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6645157933235168, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9854522347450256, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9911893606185913, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7007074952125549, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.735573947429657, - "start": 161, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9018770456314087, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5611358880996704, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6184237599372864, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9186142683029175, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "child sexual abuse cases", - "confidence": 0.8379105925559998, - "start": 350, - "end": 354 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7466614246368408, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon", - "confidence": 0.9239848256111145, - "start": 393, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.937955915927887, - "start": 402, - "end": 403 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9892387390136719, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.995596706867218, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9324466586112976, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6016348600387573, - "start": 396, - "end": 398 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6552124619483948, - "start": 539, - "end": 540 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9522932171821594, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6269166469573975, - "start": 643, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.557515561580658, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.6988463401794434, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5845813751220703, - "start": 643, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.91349858045578, - "start": 654, - "end": 656 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ad5e28be-f741-317b-9f44-ad63b5e0c162/Lebanon%20-%20Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Analysis%20of%20an%20increase%20in%20GBV%20incidents%20against%20children%2C%20Quarter%203%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Additionally, data triangulated from a situational analysis of child labor in Lebanon show that **sexual**\n**exploitation and abuse** and the **worst forms of child labor**, including work in construction, drug\ntrafficking, prostitution and other forms of potentially life-threatening labor are currently among the most\ncommonly reported types of abuse faced by adolescent boys in Lebanon, cited by **6 percent** and **9 percent**\nof boys surveyed, respectively.\n\n**Most commonly reported types of GBV incidents against children**\n\n**Forced marriage, psychological or emotional abuse and sexual assault** were the most commonly\nreported types of GBV incidents against children in the third quarter of 2021, accounting for 30 percent,\n23 percent and 21 percent of incidents, respectively.\n\n\nPsychological or emotional abuse and forced marriage are often linked to incidents of intimate partner\nviolence. The GBVIMS data show that **10 percent of cases of intimate partner violence are perpetrated**\n**against children** . Additionally, child marriage incidents accounted for 6 percent of the GBV cases reported\nin the third quarter of 2021, compared with an average of 5 percent in the first two quarters of the year.\nAccording to the preliminary findings of the 2021 \u201cVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon\u201d (VASyR), [3 ] 20 percent of Syrian refugee girls and women ages 15\u201319 were married in 2021. The\nsame assessment revealed that 46 percent of girls ages 15\u201324 do not attend school because they are\nmarried. After marrying, and due to the traditional gender and social norms imposed by the community,\nmany girls are deprived of opportunities and services that are not directly linked to their spousal role,\nincluding education. `\n\n\nPartners noted that displaced families and families severely affected by the country\u2019s compounding crises\n**may often resort to child marriage as a harmful coping mechanism to deal with economic pressure** .\nFurthermore, anecdotal evidence from GBV partners shows that due to the economic crisis and the lira\u2019s\ndepreciation against the US dollar, families and employers are recruiting Syrian girls instead of migrants\nfor domestic work and paying them low salaries. As more Syrian children are engaging in domestic work,\ntheir risk of sexual exploitation or abuse increases, and this is in line with the field reports of increasing\nexploitative domestic servitude incidents against working girls whilst having no legal frameworks that can\nprotect working girls against abusive or exploitative behaviors at the workplace.\n\n\nAccording to the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) report \u201c **Underneath the surface:**\n**Understanding the root causes of violence against children and women in Lebanon** **[4]**,\u201d many participants\nin 100 focus group discussions held across Lebanon perceived child labor as a coping mechanism for poor\nliving conditions and structural barriers faced by parents. Moreover, **structural barriers** referring to the\nquality of shelter and privacy issues resulting from the small size of housing, inaccessibility to health and\nsocial services, and the low employment prospects in addition to the **potential gains** of child marriage\nmainly financial support were found to be the **two most common drivers of child labor** .\n\n\n3\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Food Programme (2021). \u201cPreliminary Results of the\nVulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees.\u201d Accessed at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/88960\n4\nUNICEF, \u201cUnderneath the Surface. \u201cAccessed at: https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/reports/understanding-root-causes-violence-againstchildren-and-women-lebanon\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "situational analysis of child labor", - "confidence": 0.849885106086731, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9441430568695068, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6239572763442993, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescent boys", - "confidence": 0.5415427088737488, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9757068157196045, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7079326510429382, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.551919162273407, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in\nLebanon", - "confidence": 0.9905535578727722, - "start": 242, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9978938698768616, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9944494962692261, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9992949962615967, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.996364176273346, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9294149875640869, - "start": 644, - "end": 649 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7104030251502991, - "start": 636, - "end": 637 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8841899633407593, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ad5e28be-f741-317b-9f44-ad63b5e0c162/Lebanon%20-%20Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Analysis%20of%20an%20increase%20in%20GBV%20incidents%20against%20children%2C%20Quarter%203%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Perpetrators and places of incident**\n\n\nSimilar to Quarter 2 of 2021, **intimate partners were the most common type of alleged perpetrator**\n**reported through the GBVIMS in the third quarter of 2021, accounting for 52 percent of cases. Family**\n**members other than spouses accounted for 11 percent of alleged perpetrators, and primary caregivers**\n**accounted for 9 percent** . These data indicate that home is not always a safe space for children, as partners\nor caregivers may be resorting to violence as a negative coping mechanism for relieving stress and dealing\nwith their daily struggles.\n\n\nGBVIMS data also show that most sexual assault cases happen at survivors\u2019 homes; this finding has\nparticular implications for children, who may be rendered more vulnerable to GBV at home.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\nThe Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence Task Force offers the following recommendations for\nsafeguarding at-risk populations and responding to survivors\u2019 needs based on the data reported through\nthe GBVIMS during Quarter 3 of 2021:\n\n\n - Advocate for an increased presence of GBV actors in schools to raise awareness and disseminate\ninformation about GBV activities and services available for both girls and boys.\n\n - Strengthen timely and safe referrals across sectors, and to the GBV sector in particular, through\ncapacity building on GBV core concepts, including disclosures and safe and ethical referrals.\n\n - Collaborate and promote joint initiatives among GBV actors, child protection actors and the\nMinistry of Social Affairs in working groups and coordination platforms to mitigate the risk of GBV,\nespecially sexual abuse and exploitation, against children, including adolescent girls and boys.\n\n - Support the implementation of the social behavior change through sensitizing communities and\ninstitutional actors on the importance of education for boys and girls.\n\n - Strengthen programming focused on adolescent girls that includes focused, recreational and life\nskills activities, and work on messaging that shows the importance of education for girls after two\nyears of remote learning. Strengthen programs targeting children younger than 11, including\npsychosocial support and case management programs.\n\n - Support capacity building efforts for child protection and GBV actors in terms of service provision\nfor children, including for children (boys and girls) survivors of sexual abuse.\n\n - Promote joint activities between child protection and GBV actors to enhance the case\nmanagement services for children survivors, support caregivers and promote positive parenting.\n\n - Ensure the provision of emergency and recurrent cash assistance for GBV survivors and at-risk\nindividuals as a risk mitigation and preventinve measure.\n\n - Raise awareness about GBV to service providers, especially those in direct contact with women\nand girls such as forensic doctors, nurses, CMR service providers.\n\n - Ensure that GBV is properly mainstreamed in child labor programs, through sensitization on GBV\nin focused PSS activities and the integration of CMR services within the case management service.\n\n - Ensure further gender sensitive analysis of barriers and challenges children face in accessing\nsupport services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8716791868209839, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence Task Force", - "confidence": 0.9023163914680481, - "start": 159, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8545383214950562, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9377860426902771, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence Task Force", - "confidence": 0.8931043744087219, - "start": 159, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.731454610824585, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "at-risk populations", - "confidence": 0.6071378588676453, - "start": 172, - "end": 174 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ad5e28be-f741-317b-9f44-ad63b5e0c162/Lebanon%20-%20Gender-Based%20Violence%20Information%20Management%20System%20-%20Analysis%20of%20an%20increase%20in%20GBV%20incidents%20against%20children%2C%20Quarter%203%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_47/raw/doc_47_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_47/raw/doc_47_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dfcc299b41a15855ea264c66e5e8ccc6af11d920..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_47/raw/doc_47_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Mapping of Cash and Voucher Assistances (CVAs) in T\u00fcrkiye in 2024**\n\n\n_Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG) published this document to_\n_share a summary of the findings of Mapping of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye in 2024, along with the_\n_background information and purpose (Annex A). Further findings of the mapping and detailed_\n_programme information can be found on the online interactive dashboard, currently available_\n_in_ _[English.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjdjNmNjZGItNGVmYS00NWNlLWEwZTUtZDBkMDhhMmIyMmJkIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)_\n\n\n**Overview:** The exercise of _Mapping of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye in 2024_ captured information on **85**\n**programmes by 26 organisations**, 54 of them being designed for the earthquake response\nand 31 of them are outside the earthquake response. Out of 85 projects, 41 projects were\nreported by National NGOs, 23 by UN Agencies, 20 by INGOs and one was reported by civil\nsociety organizations.\n\n\nThe mapping also captured information related to **17 nationwide projects** implemented by\nTRC, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR, ELAF and Islamic Relief Worldwide. These include SSN and\nprojects related to cash for protection, cash for basic needs (including winterisation cash), and\nhigher education. The existence of diverse CVA projects aiming at national coverage is\nencouraging; on the other hand, sectors should further analyse whether these interventions\nadequately meet the needs and are capable of practically addressing the gaps, specifically in\nregions that have commonly experienced limited presence of support such as provinces of\nCentral, Northern and Eastern Anatolia.\n\n\nIn general, support **coverage in T\u00fcrkiye** mainly concentrates on southeastern T\u00fcrkiye due to\nFebruary 2023 earthquake (EQ) response, followed by Istanbul, Izmir, and the metropolitan\ncities of Marmara and Aegean provinces and 31 provinces which are targeted with various\nCVA by partners. The current round of mapping exercise found some promising examples\nincluding the geographical expansion of cash-based interventions under Protection, Health\nand Basic Needs sector such as CVA in Van and A\u011fr\u0131 provinces. As mentioned above, this is not\nthe case in all sectors and gaps remain in other regions of Anatolia. Moreover, the CVA\nprogrammes also spread to neighbouring provinces of 11 EQ affected provinces, including\nMardin, Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f and Kayseri. For example, complementary cash-based interventions\nbasic needs support coverage mostly focuses on southeastern T\u00fcrkiye, resulting in gaps in\nother areas.\n\n\n\nThe number of **CVA recipients** indicated as 4.72 million, marking a decrease approximately\n2.5 million when compared to last round. It should be noted that these numbers do not\ncapture unique beneficiary figures as it is\npossible for one beneficiary to receive\nmore than one cash support that\ncomplements each other in the 2024\n\nassistances provided by partners.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe overall **budget** for CVA programmes in\nT\u00fcrkiye in 2024 was reported as $486\nmillion, marking a significant decrease\nfrom the $2 billion allocated in 2023. This\ndecline was anticipated due to the\nreduction in earthquake-related projects\nand the reluctance of some partners to\ndisclose their programme budgets. In\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "apping of Cash and Voucher Assistances", - "confidence": 0.7294924855232239, - "start": 16, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.9185197949409485, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.933712363243103, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.9155524373054504, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.9547372460365295, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping", - "confidence": 0.879266619682312, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8012988567352295, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA recipients", - "confidence": 0.5749012231826782, - "start": 455, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.5489212274551392, - "start": 530, - "end": 531 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9190053343772888, - "start": 513, - "end": 514 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n2023, $1.56 billion was allocated specifically for earthquake response, whereas in 2024, this\namount dropped to $35 million. For comparison, the total budget for CVA activities was $123\nmillion in 2022 and $560 million in 2021. These figures indicate that following the large-scale\nearthquake response, CVA funding levels in T\u00fcrkiye have returned to their pre-earthquake\nnorms.\n\n\n**Age and gender breakdown** indicates that women (49.9%) received more CVA assistance\nwhen compared to men (30.8%) girls (%9.6) and boys (9.6%). Women received nearly 16 per\ncent more assistance in 2024 compared to the 2023 mapping. This increase may be attributed\nto the revised criteria for TRC programmes including SSN that is deprioritizing working-age\nmen and prioritizing women and the provision of targeted assistance for women. On the other\nhand, 679 non-binary children and 1824 non-binary adults were provided with CVA in 2024.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMapping brings out that **nationality breakdown** of the beneficiaries of the cash-based\ninterventions across sectors are expectedly reflecting the population size of different groups;\nSyrians (55%) being the highest number of beneficiaries, followed by host community\nmembers (39%), Iraqis (2.4%), Afghans (2.3%) and Iranians (<1%). Other nationalities targeted\ninclude nationals of Angola, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Central Africa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,\nGuinea, Mali, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Republic of the Congo, Russia, Senegal, Somalia,\nSudan, Ukraine and Yemen. There is decrease in the numbers of host community members as\n1.86 million received cash assistance while over 2.5 million received cash assistance in 2023\ndue to the EQ response. On the other hand, 59.043 and 83.313 host community members\nwere targeted in 2021-22 and 2022-23 periods, respectively.\n\n\n**Brief Description of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye:** Based on the **sectoral breakdown** of CVAs in 2024,\nmost projects are reported under **Basic Needs** (49), followed by Protection (27), Economic\nEmpowerment (17), Education (11), Shelter/NFI (7), WASH (7), Health (6) and FSL (5). Within\nthe scope of Basic Needs CVAs, including Shelter/NFI, approximately 4 million beneficiaries\nwere reached and almost 50% of reached beneficiaries were Turkish nationals. As a result,\nalmost all the Turkish nationals reached with CVA in 2024 is reached under Basic Needs sector;\nhowever, it should be noted that more than one sector selection was possible while entering\ndata. Protection sector provided cash for protection to over 152.000 beneficiaries. Basic\nNeeds being the top sector for CVAs is unsurprising noting the increasing needs due to the EQ\nand increase in the provision of Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance (MPCA).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**CVA Projects by Sector**\n\n\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n\n\n**49**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**7** **7** **6** **5**\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||\n||||||||\n||||||||\n||||||||\n||||||||\n||||||||\n\n\n\nIn 2024, 49 MPCA programmes are reported for CVA Mapping which is the type of CVA that\nreached over 4.5 million beneficiaries. MPCA is widely preferred by partners last year as this\nmodality can cover Basic Needs and other sectoral needs in an effective and swift manner. In\nterms of market feasibility, [Joint Market Assessment Round 2](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104988) that was conducted by CBI TWG\nmembers in November 2023 revealed that markets and FSPs in the EQ zone is available and\nfunctional and no observation were made indicating disfunctions in market feasibility and\naccessibility in this round, noting there might be discrete problems. Therefore, CBI TWG\nrecommended provision of CVA in the region with an emphasis on the advantages of providing\nMPCA rather than providing in-kind assistance.\n\n\nIn 2024, 65 CVA programming that included individuals in **rural** areas were conducted while\n75 programmes designed to cover individuals in the urban areas, 40 programmes covered\nTemporary Accommodation Centres, 38 programmes covered temporary formal settlements\nand 25 programmes covered temporary informal settlements. In 2023, only 9 projects covered\nTemporary Accommodation Centres and 3 programmes covered temporary settlements\n(formal and/or informal), marking a significant increase in contextual targeting of TACs and\nformal/informal settlements. It should be noted that one programme can cover more than\none context.\n\n\nWhen we look at the **appealing situation**, 41 projects appealed under 3RP while 44 did not\nand 40 projects are appealed under Flash Appeal which is specifically created for determining\nfunding needs for the EQ response. Of the 85 programmes reported for CVA Mapping, 58 of\nthem reported to Activity Info as well and 32 of them can be reached through [Services Advisor](https://turkiye.servicesadvisor.net/en)\nthat is a platform for persons in need and partners can find the geographical coverage and\nother related information regarding existing programmes in T\u00fcrkiye. [1]\n\n\n**Financial Overview:** The mapping provides information on **fundings** provided for CVA\nprojects in T\u00fcrkiye. [2] In 2024, ECHO provided over $333.7 million funds million to ACTED, CARE,\nGOAL, IBC, SENED, SGDD-ASAM, WALD, IOM and UNFPA while around $328 million funds\nwere provided directly to TRC mainly for the SSN and CCTE projects. Other donors include\n\n\n1 Partners are recommended to follow monthly reporting deadlines to Activity Info and provide regular\ninformation for the sake of the recognition level of their programmes and monitoring of programmes\u2019 progress.\nPartners are also encouraged to update their programme information on Services Advisor regularly.\n2 It should be noted the figures captured in the mapping are approximate figures and if more precise information\nis needs, relevant donor agencies should be contacted directly.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nPRM, Caritas, DG NEAR, Japan Government, New Zealand Government, Denmark\nGovernment, Sweden Government, Cordaid, GIZ, Swiss Agency for Development and\nCooperation (SDC) and private donors (foundations, individuals, etc.).\n\n\nRegarding **types of CVA support,** an increase in the overall number of programmes providing\n**regular** cash assistance (44%) was recorded when compared to last year (31%). One-off cash\nassistance projects accounted for around 56% of all CVA programmes (48) captured in this\nround of mapping, marking a decrease when compared to last year (53 programmes, 69%).\nThis decrease in the number of one-off programmes is explained by the reducing number of\nprogrammes for the EQ response. Partners are strongly encouraged to provide MPCA support\nfor 3 months and then adopt horizontal expansion, meaning that providing support to as many\nbeneficiaries as possible considering the limited funding. [3] One-off support should be provided\nafter a crisis situation with an aim to cover immediate needs.\n\n\nIn the context of **duration**, majority of programmes take beneficiaries seasonal/short-term\n(52, approximately 61% of projects captured) with seasonal programmes such as those\nrelating to support for agricultural workers or winterisation support, which are mostly under\nBasic Needs sector and the EQ-specific programmes.\n\n\n**Conditional and unconditional cash** assistance projects differ in terms of the numbers of CVA\nprogrammes mapped under each category. In 2024, partners provided beneficiaries with 71\nunconditional and 14 conditional CVA programmes. Since the purpose of the conditional cash\nprojects is to induce predetermined behavioural changes in beneficiaries expected to enhance\ncertain positive characteristics such as resilience, they are mostly observed in sectors such as\nEconomic Empowerment and Education. In 2024, programmes indicating shelter/WASH\nrehabilitation was also observed in the EQ zone. Conditions for these programmes include\nattendance/excellence in higher education, business establishment/development,\nattendance/completion of vocational training, etc.\n\n\nNearly 65% of CVA programmes utilised **unrestricted cash** generally used under Basic Needs\nsector (34) and Protection sector (18). Projects in the Basic Needs (including Shelter/NFI) and\nWASH utilized **restricted cash** more prevalently as restriction in this respect aims to have the\ncash assistance spent in a certain way conducive for meeting predetermined specific needs.\nRestricted programmes are generally restricted to the purchase of food, hygiene/sanitary\nitems, clothing, business materials, expenses of legal aid, agricultural supplies and rent.\n\n\nVarious **transfer mechanisms** are used satisfactorily in T\u00fcrkiye context because many\norganisations need to utilise more than one mechanism considering how many different\ngroups they target. In 2024, transferring the assistance to name and national ID via bank (44),\ntransfer to accounts pre-owned/opened by the beneficiaries (21) and transferring the\nassistance to name and national ID via PTT (13) are among widely used transfer mechanisms.\nUsing market card vouchers (10), prepaid cards (i.e. PTT) (9) and beneficiary-named accounts\n(i.e. K\u0131z\u0131layKart) (8) are other transfer mechanisms deployed. For instance, since Protection\nsector partners reach out to a wide range of beneficiaries, various transfer mechanisms can\nbe deployed under a single programme.\n\n\nCash partners in T\u00fcrkiye have extensive experience with various transfer mechanisms, and\ninter-agency coordination plays a key role in facilitating the exchange of this technical\nknowledge. In 2024, three programmes have utilized NAGIS as their financial service provider,\nproviding assistance to their beneficiaries through an e-voucher platform. The use of e\n\n3 MPCA Guidance January 2025 Update\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nvouchers such as LCW and Defacto as well as market cards from retailers like A101, B\u0130M, \u015eOK,\nand Migros, decreased to 17 programmes compared to 21 in 2023. However, market vouchers\nremain more widely used than in pre-2023 rounds. The market vouchers are perceived to\nprovide advantages to organisations because disbursement of the assistance is less\nproblematic compared to various financial services. For example, a program that provide\nassistance to combination of refugees from several different nationalities (and thus under\ndifferent protection regimes) and Turkish citizens, picking an FSP that would respond the\nneeds of the entire target group is challenging compared to giving out vouchers of a private\nentity as counted above. However, these voucher agreements are generally done with chain\nmarkets and numbered commercial entities and cannot be inclusive of wide range of vendors.\nIn turn, distributing large amount of assistance through limited number of entities disrupts\nthe market and negatively impacts local businesses. CBI TWG continues to advocate for multipurpose cash assistance over e-vouchers in T\u00fcrkiye context.\n\n\nSSN remains as the flagship program that provides MPCA to 1.8 million beneficiaries with over\n$328 million budget. There has been a significant increase in the number of programmes\ntransferring assistance directly to beneficiaries using their names and national ID numbers, as\nMPCA programmes predominantly rely on these mechanisms in recent years. To illustrate, 44\nprogrammes in total transferred assistance to name and national ID number, 34 of them being\nMPCA programmes.\n\n\nIn the mapping findings dashboard, taking the average **transfer value** for **one-off MPCA**\nprojects is around TRY 11.770. It still should be noted that there are various sectoral nuances\nand distinctions that can only be gauged by dedicated sector analyses. For instance, while\nShelter sector partners provided an average of TRY 33.157 for one-off MPCA, Protection\nsector provides around TRY 9.828 based on the identified needs. Average for the **regular**\n**MPCA transfer value** is calculated as TRY 6.785. In addition, one programme provided a topup value of TRY 600 per person to their MPCA beneficiaries.\n\n\nBasic Needs sector CVAs\u2019 transfer values are generally determined based on specific\nframeworks such as Minimum Expenditure Baskets (MEBs), particularly that estimated\nthrough TRC\u2019s calculation methodology in the context of SSN assistance. In addition, CBI TWG\nprovided an MPCA Guidance [4] in March and updated the guidance in July to partners who are\nwilling to provide MPCA and provided MPCA Targeting Criteria Guidance [5] . In revising the\ntransfer value guidance for 2024, several critical considerations were considered to align with\nthe evolving needs and contexts of affected populations. Recognizing that context has shifted\naway from being defined as an \"emergency,\" the guidance encompasses guidance towards\nmultiple transfers to ensure sustained support in 2024.\n\n\nPartners are also asked how they identify transfer values for their programmes. Majority\n(49%) indicated that they aligned the transfer value with CBI TWG MPCA Guidance and 24%\nconduct programme-specific calculations while 16% aligned their assistance with the line\nministry and 10% adopted sectoral guidance on the transfer values while deciding on the\ntransfer value for their programmes.\n\n\nAdditionally, MPCA providing partners were asked if they are adjusting their transfer amounts\nwith respect to exchange rates and an overwhelming majority (78%) indicated that they do\nnot adjust the transfer amount. CBI TWG concluded that there should be more recalibrations\n\n\n4 [T\u00fcrkiye: Guidance Note on Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance in T\u00fcrkiye](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107224)\n[T\u00fcrkiye: Guidance Note on Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance in T\u00fcrkiye - July 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110709)\n5 [T\u00fcrkiye: Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group MPCA Targeting Criteria Guidance](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111120)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nfor fixed transfer amounts since these were able to cover less and less of the needs of\nbeneficiaries in 2024 due to high inflation and other economic stagnation trends.\n\n\n**Accountability to Affected Population:** 99% percent (84) of all CVA programmes mapped\nin the round of 2024 has **complaint mechanisms** in place, this marks an increase when\ncompared to 2023 (93%, 77). **Complaint channels** include rather common ones like _call lines,_\n_e-mail, complaint box, in-person counselling, social media, chat applications_ etc. and also\nsome less prevalent methods such as deploying _community focal points_ (32%, 27) who are\ntrusted community members provided with relevant trainings helping organisations get\ncommunity feedback during the entirety of their CVA projects and postal mail (20%, 17).\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the latest round, partners were asked\nwhether their projects incorporate **PSEA**\n**mechanisms/safeguards** . The response of\naround 93% (79) of the projects in this\nregard was positive and it marks an increase\nin comparison with last year (87%,67). This\nalso points to a significant increase when\ncompared to previous years and indicates\nthat this is positioned to be a significant area\nof priority for 2025 as PSEA risks can be\nhighly salient in cash support contexts.\n\n\n\n\n\nAround 84% (71) of CVA programmes mapped conduct **post-distribution monitoring (PDM),**\nmarking a slight decrease in comparison with the last round (92%, 71) but still a significant\nincrease when compared to previous round in 2022 in which only 59% of the programmes had\nPDM. The reason for the decrease in the PDM numbers are stemming from unfeasibility and\nthe nature of cash such as projects being emergency response programmes (i.e. EQ-specific,\ncash assistance to \u0130zmir fire survivors) and cash provided as a case management tool therefore\nstandardization is not possible for conducting survey.\n\n\nMost of the programmes that has PDM in place prefers to keep the results strictly internal\n(86%, 61), hindering the potential benefits that may be reaped with greater information\nsharing and mutual learning and 7% shares PDMs only with the Inter-agency partners.\nPartners were encouraged to conduct PDMs for their CVA projects and share their finding and\nlessons learnt as much as possible. For example, some partners are developing their own\nanalytical frameworks for evaluation reports based on PDMs that can be publicly shared. As\nPDM reports can sometimes get too detailed to be meaningfully shared with everyone,\nsharing at least reports on summary findings and analytical frameworks expounding on\nlessons learnt conducive for effective and well-coordinated PDM processes in this way is\nadvocated for as a good practice. Partners are advised to prepare their own learning materials\nbased on information captured in their PDM processes and disseminate these in relevant\ncoordination platforms. CBI TWG also provided guidance on PDM that can be reached via [this](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95420)\n[link.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95420)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9004029631614685, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "urvey.", - "confidence": 0.6061473488807678, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0130zmir", - "confidence": 0.5608267784118652, - "start": 364, - "end": 367 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8456063866615295, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDMs", - "confidence": 0.5737587213516235, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nEven though most programmes have a functioning **M&E system** (93%, 79), considering the\nimportance of this aspect, there is still several programmes (7%, 6) without such a system in\nplace. This issue needs to be further tackled within 2025 and in the coming years as well. Most\nutilized methodologies for M&E include survey (individual or family interviews/face to face)\n(63), phone survey (58), FGDs (47) and key informant interviews (37). The frequency of M&E\nindicates that partners prefer monthly (31), yearly (20), quarterly (11), continuous (9), twice\na year (5) and weekly (3) data collection.\n\n\n**Targeting:** With respect to **CVA programmes by vulnerability**, unsurprisingly economic\nvulnerabilities (65) is the top category in line with the current recessionary economic context,\nfollowed by vulnerabilities related with dependency (58), reflecting the change in partners\napproach towards adopting solutions of self-reliance more and protection vulnerabilities\nincluding comes as third most targeted vulnerability. This indicates a significant shift in the\npattern of vulnerability targeting in the context of CVAs because protection related\nvulnerabilities were the most targeted in the previous rounds and this trend has been\nchanging for three consecutive rounds. The ongoing economic challenges in T\u00fcrkiye may have\nbeen responsible for this by making basic needs and livelihoods challenges even more visible.\nAnalysis also shows that more than half of the CVAs target more than one category of activity,\nand this is also supported with number of unrestricted cash programs available in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nAlthough there is a limited amount of cash for health program in T\u00fcrkiye due to the\npresumption that health costs are mostly covered by public institutions, mapping analysis\nshow that there are 53 CVA programmes targeting health-related vulnerabilities, 31 does so\nthrough multi-purpose cash assistance.\n\n\nThe analysis of **CVA programmes by targeting** aligns closely with the findings on vulnerabilitybased targeting. In 2024, economically vulnerable households were the most frequently\ntargeted group, with 66 programmes designed to support them. Persons with disabilities (65),\nfemale-headed households (62), single parents and caregivers (53), elderly individuals (50),\nhouseholds with a high dependency ratio (50), and children and youth (44) followed as key\nbeneficiary groups. It is important to note that, regardless of the specific targeting criteria,\nnearly all programmes ultimately aim to address economic vulnerabilities, underscoring the\nprimary objective of CVA interventions in providing financial relief to those in need in this\nchallenging economic environment.\n\n\nIn 2024, 17 partners implemented 43 projects targeting individuals affected by or at risk of\ngender-based violence (GBV). These projects which had a combined budget of approximately\n$65.4 million, provided support to over 1.8 million individuals. It is important to note that\nwhile these initiatives include cash components for GBV-related needs, they are not dedicated\nGBV programmes per se. Among these projects, 30 were designed as part of the earthquake\nresponse, while 26 fell under emergency cash assistance. Additionally, 24 of the 43 projects\nwere delivered as MPCA, highlighting the role of flexible cash support in addressing\nvulnerabilities linked to GBV.\n\n\nIn 2024, 17 partners implemented 36 projects aimed at supporting people who cannot access\nadequate shelter. These programmes, with a total budget of approximately $83 million,\nreached around 2 million people, primarily in earthquake-affected provinces. Among these\ninitiatives, 23 were part of the earthquake response, while 19 were classified as emergency\ncash assistance programmes. Additionally, 20 of these projects were delivered as MPCA.\n\n\nIn terms of **required documentations**, FID Card or passport, civil registration paper, disability\nreport, MERNIS registration paper, business registration documents, travel permit and social\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "&E system*", - "confidence": 0.9039527177810669, - "start": 23, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.6392806768417358, - "start": 2, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "025", - "confidence": 0.5600984692573547, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA programmes by vulnerability", - "confidence": 0.5125472545623779, - "start": 172, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.6611205339431763, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nsecurity transcript documents are among the required for registration to programme. It\nshould be noted that 15 programmes did not require any specific documentation to qualify as\na beneficiary.\n\n\nPartners adopted various **methods to prevent duplication of cash and voucher assistance**\nsuch as conducting information sharing through working groups (42), as well as cross-checking\nbeneficiary lists with other CVA programmes (38), geographical targeting (34),\nhousehold/individuals surveys and assessments (31) and sharing information through\nbilateral meetings (29). Of those 37 programmes that chose a **cross-checking programme**, 19\nprogrammes crosschecked their beneficiary list with internal mechanisms, 8 programmes\nutilized GIZ cross-checking among cash partners, 8 cross-checked their beneficiaries with SSN\nbeneficiaries while 1 programme adopted SOYB\u0130S and one programme was cross-checked\nthrough UNHCR cross-check mechanism. It is important to highlight that the use of crosschecking mechanisms has increased compared to previous rounds. Notably, for the first time,\norganizations have reported to implement internal cross-checking processes within their own\nprogrammes. This shift may be driven by the need to ensure the horizontal expansion of\nprogrammes, allowing them to reach a broader range of beneficiaries while maintaining\nefficiency and minimizing duplication of assistance.\n\n\n**Programme Details:** Mapping dashboard includes a programme details page which gives the\nopportunity to filter all CVA programs by various criteria and acquire program-specific details.\nPartners are encouraged to benefit from this function to better understand the supported\ncommunities, implemented interventions and see the gaps, which may enhance the\neffectiveness of the CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\n**ACTED** 's 12-month response in Hatay province, titled **\u201cIntegrated Emergency and Resilience**\n\n**Response for EQ-affected communities in Hatay\u201d** aimed to address immediate needs and\n\nenhance resilience of earthquake-affected communities in formal sites, informal sites, and\n\nneighborhoods. Objectives included providing critical winterisation items, dignified shelter\n\nsolutions, and improving indoor handwashing and dishwashing facilities for the needs of\n\naffected population. ACTED supported over 2900 beneficiaries with $79.000 budget.\n\n\nThrough **UNFPA** -supported **Women and Girls Safe Space (WGSS)** operated by KAMER\n\nFoundation, survivors and those under risk of gender-based violence (GBV) received essential\n\nservices, including case management, psychosocial support, and cash assistance integrated\n\nwithin the GBV case management process. Case managers worked with survivors to create\n\npersonalized support plans, connecting them to legal, healthcare, and shelter services. The\n\ncash assistance provided as an emergency one-off payment or as monthly support for up to\n\nthree months, addressing immediate and long-term GBV related needs to 112 women, 18 girls\n\nand 9 boys with around $53.000 budget.\n\n\nMain programmes conducted in 2024 include SSN, Collective Kindness and winterisation\nsupport. In 2024, **Social Safety Net (SSN)** project conducted by TRC and MoFSS. In 2024, SSN\nreached over 1.8 million beneficiaries with over $328 million budget provided by DG ECHO\nand a transfer value of TRY 500 per person provided to beneficiaries monthly with additional\nTRY 600 per person top-up value, targeting households with high dependency ratio. The\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\ncalculation is made according to the Minimum Expenditure Basket by K\u0131z\u0131layKart analysers\nwhich is defined as the minimum amount of money that is needed to purchase selected\nnumber of items on a monthly basis through K\u0131z\u0131layKart. Details can be reached from\n[K\u0131z\u0131layKart website.](https://platform.kizilaykart.org/en/index.html#about)\n\n\nThis round also captured the **winterisation** **programmes** designed for 2024-2025 winter\nperiod. Within the scope of winterisation, in 2024, 6 organizations with 9 programmes\nprovided support to over 61.700 beneficiaries (19.400 Syrian, 8.000 Turkish, 460 Afghan and\n70 Iraqi nationals, approximately) with $3.3 million budget and 5 provinces were directly\ntargeted mainly located in the EQ-affected region and one nation-wide programme was\nreported. For details, please see the [Dashboard.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjdjNmNjZGItNGVmYS00NWNlLWEwZTUtZDBkMDhhMmIyMmJkIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Key Takeaways:**\n\n\n_Geographical Coverage_\n\n\n - The CVA Mapping captured 85 programmes by 26 organizations, including earthquake\n(EQ) response and other needs.\n\n - Programmes cover 31 provinces, mainly focusing on SET, Ankara, Marmara, and\nAegean regions.\n\n - Expansion observed in Van and A\u011fr\u0131 provinces and neighboring EQ-affected provinces\nlike Mardin, Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Sivas, and Kayseri.\n\n - Coverage remains limited in Central, Northern, and Eastern Anatolia.\n\n\n_Actors_\n\n\n - Major actors include TRC, UNFPA, and UNHCR with 11 nationwide projects, 17 nationwide projects in total.\n\n - Various sectors involved: Basic Needs, Protection, FSL, Shelter/NFI, Economic\nEmpowerment, Education, WASH and Health.\n\n - Partners include SGDD-ASAM, DRC, TRC, and several international donors like ECHO,\nUSAID, and others.\n\n\n_Transfer Amounts_\n\n\n - Overall CVA budget for 2024: $486.25 million.\n\n - EQ-related responses account for $35 million, decreasing from $1.62 billion in 2023.\n\n - Average transfer value for one-off MPCA assistance: TRY 11.772. Regular MPCA\ntransfer value: TRY 6.784 for three months.\n\n - Partners widely utilized CBI TWG MPCA Guidance Note while determining transfer\namounts.\n\n - Most partners do not adjust transfer amounts based on exchange rates, which poses\na challenge due to inflation and economic conditions.\n\n\n_Sectoral Cash_\n\n\n - Basic Needs sector: Largest, reaching over 3.9 million beneficiaries.\n\n - Protection sector: Cash for protection provided to over 152.000 beneficiaries.\n\n - MPCA programmes: Widely used, covering Basic Needs and other sectors efficiently.\n\n - Most CVA programmes used unrestricted cash, particularly in Basic Needs.\n\n\n_Monitoring/Impact Assessment_\n\n\n - 99% of programmes have complaint mechanisms.\n\n - 93% incorporate PSEA mechanisms.\n\n - 84% conduct post-distribution monitoring (PDM) and this ratio marks a significant\nincrease when compared to pre-2023 rounds and a slight decrease compared to last\nyear. Partners mostly keep PDM reports internal.\n\n - Partners are encouraged to share PDM findings and lessons learnt for mutual learning.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VA Mapping", - "confidence": 0.991550087928772, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.8300750255584717, - "start": 2, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.7138873338699341, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Annex A. Background**\n\n\n**Purpose:** The objective of this mapping exercise was to better discern the current coverage\nof CVA programmes in T\u00fcrkiye for the period of 2024 and to identify gaps and areas for further\nharmonisation and improvement by providing the opportunity to conduct sectoral and\ngeographic analyses. Also, its aim is to serve as a reference tool on the basis of its being a\ncomprehensive glossary of CVA projects in T\u00fcrkiye and to further promote CVA mainstreaming\nin the country through this role.\n\n\n**Methodology:** Based on the evolving conditions and needs, the mapping survey is revised on\na yearly basis. Partners\u2019 focal points are provided with the relevant trainings on completing\nthe updated surveys who then enter their CVA project data on ActivityInfo platform based on\nwhich the mapping analyses are constructed.\n\n\nThe changes in 2024 round of mapping included: Categorisation of CVA programmes by\nvulnerability and targeting, including new breakdowns such as GBV-related vulnerabilities,\nenhanced section for programme details and brief project descriptions.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "apping survey", - "confidence": 0.9758551716804504, - "start": 126, - "end": 128 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "urvey", - "confidence": 0.6939093470573425, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.9633828401565552, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.5632557272911072, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.9014288187026978, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA project data", - "confidence": 0.9969093203544617, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9825337529182434, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d92f402e-e3de-468d-9581-ce56a5777b3b/2024_CVA_Mapping-Summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_470/raw/doc_470_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_470/raw/doc_470_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ce255daf4db7462cac159da3feff3b011454bfa1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_470/raw/doc_470_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON\n\n# Shelter sector strategy - 2013\n\nBeirut, 18 December 2012\n\n## Working paper for 2013\n\n#### 1. Background\n\n\n1.1. Numbers\n\n\nThe influx of Syrian refugees into Lebanon has significantly increased this year. From the first to the second half of\n2012 there has been a shift from a small onset situation of 6,000 refugees in January, to an increasing movement of\npeople across the border up to 25,000 in-country by July, to a much larger critical displacement of over 170,000\nrefugees expected by the end of the year (exceeding RRP3 figures).\n\n\nFor political and historical reasons, Lebanon had always had a very open policy towards Syrians\u2019 access to the\nLebanese labour market. Consequently, the country hosts a large number of Syrian workers (permanent and\nseasonal), estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 people. [1] These workers are typically single males without a\nfamily presence \u2013 however, this is radically changing. Due to the current situation in Syria, many workers in\nLebanon are unable to return, remaining in Lebanon and bringing their families and relatives to join them in order\nto escape the conflict. This trend puts enormous pressure on shelter availability and shelter needs, since the shelter\nsituation for male migrant workers may not fit that of families with children.\n\n\n1.2. Patterns of displacement and shelter needs\n\n\nAs the situation deteriorates in Syria, the short period of\ndisplacement that refugees were initially expecting is\nnow prolonged and refugees are preparing themselves\nfor a longer stay in Lebanon. This may explain the shift\nfrom the initial location of Syrian refugees close to the\nborder areas in the north (Akkar) and in the Bekaa\nValley, to a movement towards urban areas on the coast\nand in the south of the country, where work\nopportunities can be found.\n\n\nAt the beginning of the influx in 2012, many refugees\nresided with host families, but this dynamic is coming to\nan end as the volume of refugees exceeds hosting\ncapacities. Alternative solutions have been developed,\nsuch as accommodating refugees in unfinished houses\nand collective centres, but these solutions will soon be\nexhausted as well. Shelter type graph - Source UNHCR \u2013 Dec. 2012\n\n\n1 There is an absence of official statistics and surveys on the Syrian workforce in Lebanon. Until the withdrawal of Syrian armed\nforces following the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister on 14 February 2005, and the massive rallies of the\nCedar Revolution, the subject of Syrian migrant workers was considered to be very sensitive.\n\n\n1\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\nAt this stage of the displacement, the majority of refugees rent their accommodation in urban areas.\n\n\nThe increase of refugees living in urban settings is clearly ongoing, particularly for those residing in Tripoli and Saida\nand, to a lesser extent, Beirut. [2] In urban areas, refugees face the problem of over-priced housing that is often of\npoor or sub-standard condition, or at times hazardous and dangerous for living. Sadly, in many cases some refugee\nfamilies are unable to afford even sub-standard housing due to the fact that they have exhausted their personal\nresources. Out of desperation, many families are resorting to the illegal occupation of land or buildings, some of\nwhich are unsafe and/or unfit for living.\n\n\n1.3. Government response\n\n\nThe Lebanese government has remained very open to the arrival of Syrian refugees but has opted for a \u201cno camp\npolicy\u201d, objecting to any shelter options that could be perceived as such. The planned erection of tents or\nprefabricated small dwellings on private land has therefore not been possible. In this context, Operating Partners\n(OP) have addressed shelter needs with lengthier or more resource-consuming shelter interventions that may not\nalways correspond to the expected responses for an emergency of this kind. One such example is the rehabilitation\nof houses or the completion of the construction of unfinished buildings.\n\n\nFor the specific case of spontaneous self-made settlements/tents - very common in the Bekaa Valley or in Akkar,\ncurrently numbering over 1,500 units, UNHCR and partners\u2019 interventions have only been able to support nonvisible structural improvements, such as insulation or sanitation, given the government policy of not permitting\nsupport to these structures.\n\n\nThe government has set up an inter-ministerial committee under the Prime Minister to develop a response plan\nand called upon the international community for funding. Governement response has been developped through\nextensive exchanges with UNHCR.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) has been appointed by the Prime Minister to become the government\ninterface with the UNHCR. MOSA is recruiting staff including a shelter expert to implement the response plan as\nwell as representing MOSA in inter-agency shelter meetings.\n\n\n1.4. Impact on hosting communities\n\n\nThe large influx of Syrian refugees during the second half of 2012 has begun to have an economic and social impact\non Lebanese residents. Among the negative effects are excess demand of affordable housing, excess supply of\nunskilled labour (and therefore downward pressure on wages), and increased pressure on the already fragile\nlabour and real estate markets.\n\n\nPublic infrastructure, such as water, sanitation and electricity, are under additional pressure. In the urban centres\nof Tripoli and Saida, slum areas or tented settlements in the city peripheries are seen as cheaper options for\nrefugees and are growing.\n\n#### 2. Assumptions and projected needs in 2013\n\n\n2.1. Numbers\n\n\nThe recent arrival trend is expected to continue such that by the end of 2012, 170,000 Syrian refugees will be\nregistered or pending registration with UNHCR, increasing to some 300,000 by mid-2013.\n\n\n2 Tripoli and Saida do have large Sunni populations as per the accounts of the large majority of Syrian refugees.\n\n\n2\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\nMoreover, given the current escalation of hostilities in Syria, particularly in and around Damascus, the possibility of\nmassive influx should be taken seriously.\n\n\n2.2. Shelter availability\n\n\nWhether the Lebanese housing market can cope with the increased demand from Syrian refugees - now and into\n2013 - remains a crucial question. If the issue of availability is separated from the capacity to pay (on the part of the\nrefugees), then the market should be able to accomodate the increasing number of refugees in 2013; it has\nsubstantial capacities. During the 2006 conflict between Israel and the Hezbollah militia, for instance, over a million\npeople were displaced for several weeks and all of them found some form of accommodation. In addition to NGOs\nbeing very active in completing houses for refugee accommodation, landlords are capitalising on the increase in\ndemand for housing and are quickly building accommodation and/or converting sub-standard shelters into\nhousing.\n\n\n2.3. Ability to pay rent\n\n\nThe main challenge lies in the limited capacity of refugees to\npay rent. In Lebanon\u2019s cities, Islamic organizations have given\nsubstantial assistance to refugees to support rental\npayments, but this has been poorly captured by the\ncoordination structure. A key question here is whether these\nagencies will continue providing support, how many families\nthey are capable of supporting, and for how long they will\nhave capacity to provide this support.\n\n\nFor these reasons, supporting Syrian refugees to pay rent\nconstitutes a major option for 2013. A cash-for-rent or\nunconditional cash assistance program that targets\nvulnerable cases could form a key part of the assistance program.\n\n\n2.4. Government engagement\n\n\nMore than in any other location, the involvement of municipalities in planning for and responding to the shelter\nneeds of urban refugees is essential. Only municipalities have the legitimacy needed to perform a number of\nimportant shelter-related tasks, such as providing authorisation for the occupation of public buildings. City\nauthorities are also better placed to help in the identification of housing capacity and the available stock of shelter,\nto liaise with landlords, and to ensure the provision of public services to refugee community centres. However, it is\nalso understood that some municipalities in Lebanon are handicapped by a lack of means and low staff capacity.\n\n\nThese factors, together with the growing influx into Lebanon, will greatly impact the shelter situation and the\nshelter needs of Syrian refugees in 2013.\n\n\n3\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n#### 3. Objective of the shelter sector response in 2013\n\n\nObjective of the shelter sector: Ensure adequate shelter\nsolutions are available for Syrian refugees in Lebanon. [3]\n\n\nTarget: 100% of refugees in need have access to a facility\nthat protects them from external elements (both weather\nand threats against their personal security) on a daily basis.\n\n\nIndicator: number of households living in adequate shelters.\n\n#### 4. Targets and response for 2012\n\n\nThe projected caseload of Syrian refugees is estimated at 300,000 persons or 60,000 families by June 2013.\n\n\nIt is assumed that over 40% of these (meaning 120,000 refugees or 20,000 families) will be in need of some kind of\nshelter solution.\n\n\nIn addition to identifying the number of refugees who need shelter, it is important to determine what form of\nshelter is needed. Different solutions have to be provided, ranging from cash-for-shelter to shelter rehabilitation.\n\n\nNine priority recommendations for the shelter response follow:\n\n\n4.1. Increase shelter capacity to welcome new families\n\n\nFacing a large influx of new refugees, it is essential that all efforts be made to expand shelter capacity to receive\nnew refugees. This can be achieved by:\n\n\n- Expanding capacity in the host community; and/or\n\n- Completing unfinished houses on plots of land of host communities or those without landlords, and\n\nrehabilitating host houses in exchange for free rental for a limited period of time;\n\n- Increasing the number of collective centres in public or private buildings, including rehabilitation of buildings\n\nand renting private ones;\n\n- Erecting semi-permanent shelters adjacent to host or collective centers;\n\n- Providing cash for shelter to support families in paying their rent or finding an accomodation for rent.\n\n\nOPs believe that shelter capacity is still available from unfinished houses in the Bekaa but that this will be depleted\nat some stage. To date, not all areas in the Bekaa have been explored for shelter potential.\n\n\n4.2. Increase Collective Centers capacity\n\n\nIt is also crucial to continue to establish collective center in Lebanon to accommodate new families or for\nprotection cases.\n\n\nIn 2013, the focus will be on increasing shelter capacity in the more recent refugee-hosting urban areas,\nparticularly Tripoli, but also on the expansion of capacity in the Bekaa and Akkar provinces. Private buildings for\nrent will also be considered.\n\n3 The shelter group was dissatisfied with the objective of \u201cShelter and infrastructure improved\u201d, as proposed and indicated in\nthe RRP3, as it does not reflect the context and the range of response of the shelter interventions. Improvement is not\nquantifiable and measurable, and the objective did not incorporate a quality approach.\n\n\n4\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\n4.2.1 Shelter capacity\n\n\nThese shelters should provide temporary and/or longer-term solutions for the most vulnerable new arrivals, for\nwomen and children at risk, and for cases in need of urgent relocation from unsafe areas or hazardous dwellings.\nAlthough the shelters will be only available for a limited number of refugees, they represent a critical means of\nproviding an immediate solution to urgent protection cases.\n\n\nProtected areas will be created in collective centres when possible to accommodate vulnerable cases or SGBV\nsurvivors. It is important that clear criteria for eligibility are applied to ensure that protection cases have access.\n\n\n4.2.2. Collective center management capacity\n\n\nReinforcement of collective shelter management is an important priority in 2013, including identification of local\npartners, training on collective center management, allocation of resources.\n\n\n4.3. Emergency intervention \u2013 Ensure that refugee shelters are insulated from the elements and have acess to\nsanitation\n\n\nWeatherproofing as basic emergency interventions, is to be considered as a life-saving intervention and should\ncontinue and be prioritised in the first months of 2013 in order to ensure that refugee families are living in shelter\nprotected from the elements. This requires that such shelters are winterised and have access to water and\nsanitation.\n\n\nWater sanitation and hygiene (WASH) access is essential and is a basic need to fulfil even within weatherproofing\ninterventions. In cases where it is not possible to provide any access to sanitation, relocation and alternative\nsolutions - such as cash-for-shelter or rooms in collective centres - should be proposed.\n\n\n4.4. Improve conditions of sub-standard shelters, through repairs, weather-proofing interventions and safety\nstandards\n\n\nMany refugees rent accommodation types that are considered sub-standard, such as unfinished houses with poor\nsanitation, ventilation or lights, or shelters that lack minimum safety standards and put adults and/or children at\nrisk.\n\n\nVery often, shelters are not insulated to protect families against the elements. Upgrading refugee accommodation\nto reach basic standards and permit decent living conditions for refugee families is the minimum goal of any shelter\nintervention.\n\n\nThe agreement baseline with the owner is a significant upgrade of refugees\u2018 living premises in exchange of free\nrent for a fixed duration . These activities are usually completed on through two to four weeks.\n\n\n4.5. Expand cash-for-shelter or unconditional cash assistance\n\n\nThe increase of cash-for-shelter assistance or unconditional cash assistance is planned as a key response for 2013 in\norder to address the needs of refugees who require rental support.\n\n\nThe current assumption is that at least 50% of Syrian refugee families will continue to rent their accommodation in\n2013. Therefore, over 150,000 people or 30,000 families may be renting accommodation by July 2013.\n\n\nHowever, it is also possible that the situation in 2013 may evolve along a different trajectory to that of 2012, as it is\nexpected that the job market will be saturated but the need for housing will continue to increase.\n\n\n4.5.1. Two categories of beneficiaries will need to be taken into consideration\n\n\n5\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\nThe most vulnerable cases registered in the UNHCR database that are not able to work and who will need some\n\nkind of support in order to pay their rent. According to UNHCR statistics, this category represents 30% of Syrian\n\nrefugees in Lebanon.\n\nThe caseload of those who have lost their job or who cannot find work due to the saturation of the market will fall\n\nunder the vulnerable families\u2019 category for the purpose of assistance.\n\n\n4.5.2. Overall risks to take into consideration and recommendations\n\n\nThe risk of a price increase in the real estate market as a result of the increase in Syrian refugees\u2019 demand for\n\nhousing, meaning that cash-for-shelter or unconditional cash support may be insufficient for families to find\n\naccommodation.\n\n- Recommendation: Review of the market situation on a regular basis, conduct household economic surveys and\n\nadaptation of the cash amount.\n\n\nThe risk that host families, who were previously hosting refugee families for free, may no longer be willing to do so\n\nif others are receiving rent through a cash-for-shelter program.\n\n- Recommendation: Consider cash support to host families.\n\n\nThe risk of interruption of shelter support payment. It is currently expected that Syrian refugees will stay in\n\nLebanon for a prolonged, albeit temporary, period. Would donors be willing to commit to cash-for-rent programs\n\nfor this length of time?\n\n- Recommendation: Advocate to donors on this matter.\n\n\n4.6. Develop contingency and preparedness in case of massive influx of refugees\n\n\nA massive influx of refugees is highly likely and needs to be taken seriously.\n\n\nThe Lebanese government and MOSA are working on contingency planning and preparedness in case of the crisis\nleads to a massive influx. The identification of a site upon which to set up a camp is underway.\n\n\nIn parallel to government preparation for camp planning, UNHCR and its IP are also looking into contingency\nplanning in case there is a continuous rise in the refugee influx and also in case the planned response of\nestablishing a camp does not take place in a timely manner.\n\n\nCash-for-shelter may not be a realistic response in the situation of an emergency with a large caseload of refugees\ndue to the time constraints involved in identifying adequate shelter for rent. If host family and public place options\nare exhausted, then collective centres or temporary shelters may be the only alternative solution.\n\n\n4.6.1. Preparation for a possible massive refugee influx, the following options are proposed:\n\n\nContingencies for increased influx and emergency response thus need to be identified and a stock of shelter\noptions prepared that could support thousands of refugees in a window of a few hours. Such options should\ninclude rehabilitated and winterised public or private buildings, temporary shelter (tents, shelter box) that could be\nlocated inside warehouses or factories \u2013 indeed any large structure so long as there is a roof and concrete floor.\n\n\n4.6.2. Concrete steps to proceed\n\n\n- Comprehensive identification of all available public and private buildings, including warehouses, convents, etc;\n\n- Involvement of municipalities and agreement to the use of identified buildings or spaces;\n\n- Rehabilitation of buildings to develop a stock of identified/repaired buildings, ready to receive new people;\n\n- Reception centre put in place;\n\n\n6\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR database", - "confidence": 0.9840778112411499, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6652203798294067, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.98633873462677, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\n\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.9843810796737671, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household economic surveys", - "confidence": 0.9924377799034119, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9479062557220459, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.5946201086044312, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\n- Preparation of a stock of tents and NFI including stoves and blankets;\n\n- Planning for the management of these collective centres;\n\n- Planning for the transportation of refugees to collective centres;\n\n- Training and preparedness with volunteer groups (Red Cross).\n\n\n4.7. Information collection \u2013 Expertise support and evaluation -Training for OPs\n\n\nTo enhance the shelter response of operating partners, training on cash modalities is advised, together with an\nexchange of expertise and knowledge between the Lebanon case and cases such as Jordan and the Kenya/Somalia\nexperience.\n\n\nTraining on collective centre management will certainly be of outmost importance.\n\n\nInformation on Syrian refugees collected at the time of registration offers some data on the situation of families\nand their vulnerability. However, this needs to be enhanced by further surveys in order to record the pattern of\ndisplacement and the living conditions of refugees.\n\n\nDifferent responses and approaches within Lebanon shelter interventions have been implemented in 2012. It\nwould be useful for external evaluators to review the different intervention modalities in order to identify effective\nintervention and confirm operation modalities for replication.\n\n\nThe large presence of refugees in urban areas is a new trend all around the world. Refugees have specific needs\nand there are several issues linked to their presence in urban areas. Technical support from research organisations\nwould help to identify gaps and improve responses and interventions.\n\n\n4.8. Coordination and mapping\n\n\nThe UNHCR shelter and winterization program aims to provide emergency assistance and relief NFIs to refugees to\nhelp them meet their basic and essential needs and to be protected against the elements. Many aid actors are\nimplementing such assistance.\n\n\nUNHCR and MOSA will continue to support the coordination of all actors in the shelter sector but in addition will\nincrease the link to non-traditional actors and attempt to collate information on their interventions - see next\npoint.\n\n\nMapping shelter response is a key for the sector coordination on national and local level.\n\n\n4.9. Develop an online database tracking tool\n\n\nAs the lead agency, UNHCR has the mandate to collect all information related to assistance provided to refugees.\nThe UNHCR Beirut office is developing a new online data-tracking tool to capture this information.\n\n\nManagment of collective centres and real time information on shelter capacity and availability will be developped\nand available.\n\n\nIt is understood that the adequate collection of information from all aid agencies is crucial for good planning and\ntargeting, whilst bolstering the efficiency of the international and national aid response. However, to date this goal\nhas proved challenging. Implementing partners and traditional operators are requested to provide regular\ninformation online as to their achievements and plans.\n\n\n7\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information on Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9451760053634644, - "start": 122, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.8492215871810913, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5511054396629333, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7585859894752502, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7592794895172119, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.8777766823768616, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7582542896270752, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.695992112159729, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mapping shelter response", - "confidence": 0.8253080248832703, - "start": 346, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5243732929229736, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9065801501274109, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### LEBANON Beirut\n\n11 December 2012\n\n\nFor other actors, such as donor agencies from the Gulf countries, Islamic charities, political parties and local\ninitiatives, the promotion of different approaches to centralized coordination is proposed in order to make the case\nfor information-sharing and collecting, particularly where the data will be entered on behalf of these organizations.\nUltimately, the provision of training for national actors and the translation of the tracking tool portal into Arabic\nare planned.\n\n#### 5. Shelter Sector Agencies\n\n\nThanks to the following agencies for their contributions to this document:\n\n\nFor additional information, please contact\nAlain Robyns\nUNHCR Lebanon Shelter Project Manager\nrobyns@unhcr.org\n\n\n8\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \u2013 Lebanon Branch Office, Ramlet el-Baida\nKhater Building, Dr. Philippe Hitti Street, P.O. Box 11-7332, Tel.: +961 1 849 201, Fax: +961 1 849 211, e-mail: lebbe@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591c4556-915d-31b0-ab76-9e72048e4a04/Lebanon%20Shelter%20sector%20strategy%20-%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_471/raw/doc_471_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_471/raw/doc_471_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d4209b1565c25662433a21fcba73bc1c2e609ded..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_471/raw/doc_471_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,376 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# At a glance **Health access and utilization survey** **among Syrian refugees in Lebanon**\n\n_UNHCR, September 2016_\n\n\n**Photo credit: UNHCR**\n\n_We are grateful to the Syrian refugees who participated in this survey. We are also grateful to the Ministry of Public Health,_\n_and other local and international partners who have continuously provided healthcare services for refugees. The survey was_\n_conducted by UNHCR Public Health team in Lebanon with support from UNHCR Public Health Section in Geneva._\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9992355108261108, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9811106324195862, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8932451605796814, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9945074915885925, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9962745904922485, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Summary**\n\n**Objective**\n\n- This cross sectional survey was conducted among Syrian refugees living in Lebanon, to\nmonitor access to and utilization of key health services. Refugees in Lebanon are\npredominantly living in urban areas and informal settlements and there are no refugee\ncamps.\n\n\n**Methods**\n\n- 10 surveyors underwent two days of training.\n\n- The survey was carried out over a period of ten days from 15 [th] - 26 [th] August 2016.\n\n- Survey households were selected using stratified systematic sampling, from a list of refugee\nhouseholds who had a listed telephone number.\n\n- The head of household, or an adult (aged 18 or over) who could respond on his or her\nbehalf, was interviewed by telephone.\n\n- Data were entered using mobile tablets and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2011.\n\n\n**Key findings**\n\n\n**Baseline characteristics of population and sample**\n\n- At the time of the survey the population of UNHCR registered Syrian refugees numbered\n1,033,513 individuals in 247,736 households.\n\n- 44% of the selected 685 households did not respond to the survey. Among these, 5%\nrefused to participate in the study and the rest could not be reached.\n\n- 386 households with 2,206 residents were surveyed.\n\n- On average, each household had 5.7 members.\n\n- 52% of household members were female and 17% were under 5 years of age.\n\n\n**Knowledge about health care access and childhood vaccination**\n\n- 57% of respondents knew that refugees should pay between 3,000 and 5,000 LBP for\nconsultation at a primary health care centre (PHC) compared to 75% in 2015 and 54% in\n2014. A lower proportion (49%) knew that medication for acute illnesses is free at PHCs.\n\n- 74% knew that UNHCR financially supports hospital care for life saving treatment compared\nto 77% in 2015. 86% knew that UNHCR contributes to the cost of deliveries.\n\n- 71% of households knew that refugee children have free access to vaccination at MoPH\nfacilities compared to 75% in 2015.\n\n- Self-reported vaccination coverage among children under 5 was 69% for polio and 62% for\nmeasles. However, a significant number of households reported not knowing if the child\nhad been vaccinated (12% for polio and 11% for measles). Note that these findings do not\nrepresent a true vaccination coverage. Actual coverage data will be presented in the report\nof the 2016 national survey.\n\n- 65% of children were reportedly vaccinated against measles at a PHC, with 21% receiving a\nmeasles vaccine through a mobile vaccination team.\n\n- The main reasons reported for not vaccinating children was long waiting time, not knowing\nwhere to go, and being unable to afford it.\n\n\n**Health care access and utilization during the month preceding the interview**\n\n- 65% of households surveyed spent money on health care in the previous month, with an\naverage expenditure of 221,826 LBP (148 USD) and a median expenditure of 150,000 LBP\n(100 USD) compared to an average of 136 USD in 2015 and 90 USD in 2014.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cross sectional survey", - "confidence": 0.7711653113365173, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7812047600746155, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9026038646697998, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5497480630874634, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6225309371948242, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9290801286697388, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6634587645530701, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Knowledge about health care access and childhood vaccination", - "confidence": 0.6790549159049988, - "start": 282, - "end": 290 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9400676488876343, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5025274753570557, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7581734657287598, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2016 national survey", - "confidence": 0.9564390182495117, - "start": 479, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7959973216056824, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9893303513526917, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8745604157447815, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7204583287239075, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "USD", - "confidence": 0.5652525424957275, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9371846914291382, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 18% (n=392) of household members had sought care for a health condition in the previous\nmonth.\n\n- Among those who sought care 90% were able to obtain it at the first point of care, and\namong those who obtained care, 86% had to pay for it.\n\n- Among those who reported being unable to obtain health care despite seeking it, the main\nbarriers were being unable to afford the fees and the facility not offering the needed\nservices.\n\n- Out of the 354 respondents who got the needed service at the first point of care 29 % did so\nat a UNHCR supported clinic and reported paying out of pocket an average of 34,788 LBP\n(23.2 USD) however the median expenditure was 5000 LBP (3.3 USD) which is in line with\nthe fees agreed upon with the primary health care centres.\n\n- 26% of respondents sought care at a governmental hospital as their first point of care and\npaid on average 75,820 LBP (50.5 USD) with a median expenditure of 10,000 LBP (6.7 USD).\n\n- 31% got care in a private clinic/hospital where they paid on average 120,074 LBP (80 USD)\nwith a median expenditure of 50,000 LBP (33.3 USD).\n\n- The remaining 15% got care at NGO-clinics where more than a third did not have to pay at\nall. Those who did pay paid on average 27,661 LBP (18.4 USD) with a median of 10,000 LBP\n(6.7 USD).\n\n\n**Antenatal and maternity care**\n\n- 70% of women aged 15-49 years and who have been pregnant in the past two years\nreported accessing antenatal care (ANC) compared to 85% in 2015.\n\n- 73% reported 3 or more visits with 53% reporting more than 4 visits comparted to 47% in\n2015.\n\n- Among the 30% of pregnant women who did not receive ANC, most reported being unable\nto afford fees and/or transport costs.\n\n- Among women who delivered, 50% delivered at a government facility.\n\n- 80% of women who delivered reported paying for the service. 65% reported receiving\nUNHCR financial support for the delivery.\n\n- The average patient expenditure for a UNHCR-supported vaginal delivery was 149,035 LBP\n(99.3 USD) and the median cost 66.7 USD. The latter is above the agreed upon patient share\nof 50 USD that most hospitals in the UNHCR network should charge.\n\n- The average patient expenditure for a UNHCR-supported C-section was 456,667 LBP (304\nUSD) and the median cost 425,000 LBP (283.3 USD) which is higher than the agreed upon\npatient share of 150-200 USD that hospitals should be charging.\n\n- 26% of women who delivered reported receiving postnatal care and 75% reported\nbreastfeeding.\n\n- 16% of deliveries resulted in a neonatal intensive care admission with an average out of\npocket expenditure of 612,252 LBP (408 USD) and average admission of 10 days. 25%\ncould not pay the patient share of the hospital fees in full.\n\n\n**Chronic conditions**\n\n- 8% (n=181) of household members were reported as having a chronic disease.\n\n- The most common were hypertension (40%), diabetes (28%), asthma/COPD (22%), and\nheart disease (20%).\n\n- 37% of those with chronic conditions reported being unable to access medicines or health\nservices needed. Among them, 44% cited cost as the main barrier to accessing services.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n- Survey findings may not be generalizable to refugee households without a registered\ntelephone number, as they could not be interviewed for this survey.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9680340886116028, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6558693647384644, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.972743034362793, - "start": 709, - "end": 711 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The sample may not be representative of the Syrian refugee population residing in Lebanon\ndue to the low overall response rate.\n\n- All findings are based on self-reporting.\n\n- Poor recall or lack of information available to the respondent may have affected the quality\nof the response.\n\n- Respondents are likely to have difficulties differentiating between various types of health\nfacilities and whether they are MoPH affiliated and UNHCR supported or not.\n\n- Sample sizes on sub sets of health expenditure are small and not statistically significant.\n\n\n**Conclusions**\n\n\nMost refugees are aware of support available for life saving care and deliveries but a lower\nproportion were aware of supported primary health care services and free essential and chronic\nmedications.\n\nAccess to primary care services is relatively good although 10% reported difficulty accessing\nneeded care primarily due to cost.\n\nThere is a wide range of self-reported out of pocket household expenditure on health; 65% of\nhouseholds reported health expenditure in the month before the survey with an average of\n221,826 LBP (148 USD) although the median expenditure was 150,000 LBP (100 USD).\n\n70% of pregnant women reporting attending any ANC. However, of those attending 72%\nattended 3 or more visits with 53% attending more than 4 visits. 30% of women accessing ANC\nreported difficulty in doing so mainly due to user fees.\n\nOnly 26% of women who delivered reported accessing post-natal care (PNC) with the main\nreason being not knowing that support is available.\n\nWomen who received UNHCR support for normal vaginal delivery at a hospital reported paying\nslightly above the agreed upon rates and women who underwent C-section paid significantly\nmore than the agreed upon rates in this small sample.\n\n8.2% of household members were reported to have a chronic disease with hypertension (40%),\ndiabetes (28%), asthma/COPD (22%), and heart disease (20%) the most common. 36.5 %\nreported not being able to access care because it was either not available or unaffordable.\n\n\n5.8% of deliveries were reported to have taken place at home and a further 5.8% were reported\nto have been at a midwife clinic.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n**Improve refugee knowledge of available health services**\n\n - Intensify awareness raising on the location of the network of health services where\nsupport is available. This should especially address the subsidies for primary health care\nservices and the availability of free vaccines, essential and chronic medicines and family\nplanning services at facilities in the MoPH network.\n\n - Awareness raising should continue through UNHCR reception centres, community\ncentres, outreach workers, municipalities, NGO partners and mass information\ncampaigns using SMS and social media and the refugee information portal.\n\n**Address financial barriers to access**\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5372108817100525, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9102538228034973, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee population", - "confidence": 0.9289418458938599, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Continue supporting access to comprehensive primary health care services through an\nexpanded network of MoPH PHCs benefiting from a supply of free vaccines and essential\nmedications to reduce out of pocket expenditure on health services.\n\n- There must be an intensified focus on increasing uptake of childhood vaccination and\nreproductive health services including antenatal and postnatal care and family planning\nas well as care for non-communicable diseases.\n\n\n- Ensure with partners that uninterrupted supplies of vaccines, acute and chronic\nmedications are available at PHCs and free of charge.\n\n- Subsidies for PHC services should continue whilst seeking equity with the package\noffered for vulnerable Lebanese as well as exploring further efficiencies in the financing\nmechanism together with the MoPH, partners and donors in order to expand access and\ncoverage.\n\n- At secondary care level, increased financial support is required to expand access beyond\nlife saving and obstetric care as well as providing a safety net for the most severely\nvulnerable persons to ensure access and reduce catastrophic out of pocket expenditure.\n\n- Increased oversight of hospitals is required to ensure adherence to Ministry of Public\nHealth rates and to avoid over charging of patients including verification of patients\u2019\nhospital receipts.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|Col18|Col19|Col20|Col21|Col22|Col23|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|1|6.1%|
1|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|\n|1|6.1%|
1|9.2|9.2|||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|||||1|4.5|%
|||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||7.8%|5.2%
|5.2%
|7.4%|
|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|8.5%|\n||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|1|7.8%|
1|7.5|%
1|2.0|%
|1.0%||||||6|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|.4%|\n|1|7.8%|
1|7.5|%
1|2.0|%
|1.0%|||||||||5.6%|5.6%|5.6%|5.6%|5.6%|5.6%|5.6%|\n|1|7.8%|
1|7.5|%
1|2.0|%
|1.0%||||||||||||||||\n|||||||||8.4%|
|9.0%|
|7.5%|
4||
||

|3.1%|


|2.5%|
1.0%


1.5%
|2.3%|\n|||||||||8.4%|
|9.0%|
|7.5%|
4|.2%|.2%|3.7%|3.7%|3.7%|3.7%|3.7%|3.7%|3.3%|\n|||||||||8.4%|
|9.0%|
|7.5%|
4|.2%|.2%|3.7%|3.7%|2.3%|2.3%|2.4%|2.4%|2.4%|\n\n\n\n**Mean age (years):**\nMale \u2013 20.3 [Range: 0 \u2013 99]\nFemale \u2013 19.7[Range: 0 \u2013 99]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 5: Proportion of households with at least one child under 5 that had an\nimmunization card and those that received a measles or polio vaccine (n=237)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 6: Reasons for not receiving a measles vaccine (n=27)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|4. Postnatal and Neonatal care|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|4.1 Postnatal care (n=154)|Figure 10: Barriers to accessing postnatal care (n=96)





2.1
2.1
3.1
7.3
13.5
71.9
0
20
40
60
80
High cost, transport difficulties, and
restriction of movement
Did know UNHCR provides support
and hihgh cost
Difficulties finding transport
Restricted movment
High cost of service
Did not know that UNHCR provides
financial support
**Percentage (%)**
**Resaons for not accessing postnatal**
**care**|\n|26.0%
received postnatal care after
delivery|26.0%
received postnatal care after
delivery|\n|||\n|75.3%
reported breastfeeding after giving
birth|75.3%
reported breastfeeding after giving
birth|\n|||\n|4.2 Neonatal care|4.2 Neonatal care|\n|16.2%
proportion of newborns admitted
or kept in hospital for special care
(n=154)|16.2%
proportion of newborns admitted
or kept in hospital for special care
(n=154)|\n|||\n|9.8
average number of neonatal
admission days|9.8
average number of neonatal
admission days|\n|||\n|612,252LBP (480 USD)
median cost of admission for those
who paid (n=16)|612,252LBP (480 USD)
median cost of admission for those
who paid (n=16)|\n|||\n|24%
proportion of respondents who
could not pay neonatal hospital
fees in full (n=25)|24%
proportion of respondents who
could not pay neonatal hospital
fees in full (n=25)|\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|6. Health care access and utilization during the
month preceding the survey interview|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|6.1 Household expenditure||\n|65.4%
of households spent money on
health care in the past month|Figure 13: Place received first point of care and referral care



Figure 144: Barriers to receiving health services among those who sought them


27.0
14.0
29.9
29.1
5.4
5.4
78.4
10.8
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
First point of care (n=392)
Referral care (n=37)
47.4
13.2
44.5
2.6
5.3
14.3
14.3
57.1
14.3
14.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
**Percentage (%)**
**Barriers to receiving care**
First point of care (n=38)
Referral care (n=7)|\n|||\n|221,826LBP (148 USD)
**average**
150,000 LBP (100 USD)
**median**
household expenditure on
health in past month|221,826LBP (148 USD)
**average**
150,000 LBP (100 USD)
**median**
household expenditure on
health in past month|\n|||\n|.2 First point of care|.2 First point of care|\n|17.8%
proportion of household members
who sought health care in the past
month (n=2,206)|17.8%
proportion of household members
who sought health care in the past
month (n=2,206)|\n|||\n|90.3%
proportion who received care,
among those who sought it (n=392)|90.3%
proportion who received care,
among those who sought it (n=392)|\n|||\n|86.4%
proportion who had to pay for care
(n=354)|86.4%
proportion who had to pay for care
(n=354)|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b74c4281-ade1-370a-9479-43d0606faf2d/LebanonHAUS2016Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_472/raw/doc_472_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_472/raw/doc_472_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8be1c09fe8953db3c364c661f215a6501e73cb6c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_472/raw/doc_472_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,280 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# At a glance Health access and utilization survey among non-camp refugees in Lebanon\n\nUNHCR\nNovember 2015\n\n\nPhoto credit: UNHCR\n\nWe are grateful to the Syrian refugees who participated in this survey. We are also grateful to the Ministry of\nPublic Health, and other local and international partners who have continuously provided healthcare services for\nrefugees. The survey was conducted by UNHCR Public Health team in Lebanon with support from UNHCR Public\nHealth Section in Geneva. Analysis of data and preparation of report was carried out by UNHCR Public Health\nSection, Geneva.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9794154167175293, - "start": 4, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9382102489471436, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Public Health team", - "confidence": 0.807529628276825, - "start": 65, - "end": 69 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9935769438743591, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp refugees", - "confidence": 0.8336930871009827, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Summary\n\nObjective\n\n - This assessment was conducted among non-camp based Syrian refugees living in Lebanon, to monitor\naccess to and utilization of key health services.\n\n\nMethods\n\n - Eight surveyors underwent two days of training, including field-testing of the survey tools.\n\n - The survey was carried out between 31 August and 8 September 2015.\n\n - Survey households were selected, using stratified systematic sampling, from a register of non-camp\nbased refugee households that had a listed telephone number.\n\n - The head of household, or an adult who could respond on his or her behalf, was interviewed by\ntelephone on key health access and utilization.\n\n - Data were entered using mobile tablets and analyzed using STATA 13 software package.\n\n\nKey findings\nBaseline characteristics of population and sample\n\n - At the time of the survey the population of registered non-camp Syrian refugees living in Lebanon\nnumbered 1,13 M individuals in 273,938.\n\n - 351 households with 1,975 residents were surveyed.\n\n - 50% of household members were female and 19% were under 5 years of age.\n\nHealth care access and utilization during the month preceding the interview\n\n - 75% of households knew that refugees have subsidized access to PHCs. and that refugees only had to\npay between 3000-5000 Lebanese Pounds for each consultation at a primary health care centre.\nAlthough not a direct comparison, this was higher than the 54% in 2014 and 40% in 2013.\n\n - 77% of households knew that refugees with life threatening conditions had subsidized access to\nhospital care, as compared to 58.6% in 2014 and 54% in 2013.\n\n - 62% of households had at least one member of the family requiring health care in the preceding\nmonth, as compared to 73.2% in 2014.\n\n - 93% of households with at least one member requiring health care reported having to pay for all or\npart of the care.\n\n - The average cost of health care paid per household in the preceding month increased to 136 USD\ncompared to 90 USD in 2014.\n\nChildhood vaccinations\n\n - 75% of households knew that children under 5 have free access to vaccination in 2015, an increase\nfrom 27.3% in 2013 to 72.4% in 2014.\n\n - 81% of children under 5 were reported to have a vaccination card in 2015, compared to 80% in 2014.\n\n - 6% of children under 5 faced difficulty accessing vaccination compared to 7% in 2014\n\n - Self-reported measles immunization coverage in children under 5 was 80% in 2015 compared to 78%\nin 2014.\n\nMaternal health\n\n - The proportion of pregnant women who had at least one ANC visit during their pregnancy increased\nfrom 73% in 2014 to 84% in 2015.\n\n - 27% of pregnant reported facing difficulties in accessing ANC compared to 30.5% in 2014. The main\nbarrier being inability to afford the fees. Among 80 women who had delivered in 2015, 31% had a\nCesarean-section. This is comparable to 34% of deliveries by C-section 2014 and 30% in 2013.\n\n - On average households contributed 152 USD out of pocket per delivery. This is in addition to the\ncoverage that UNHCR contributes to delivery care i.e. 250 USD for normal delivery and 500 USD for\nCesarean sections.\n\nResidency card\n\n - 49% of households reported having residency cards and 84% were obtained in the governerate in\nwhich they live.\n\n - Among households that could not obtain a residency card, 61% failed to do so due to inability to\nafford the fees associated with obtaining the card.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.609951913356781, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8643060326576233, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9627951383590698, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6589829325675964, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-camp based Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8251932859420776, - "start": 12, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered non-camp Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5304465293884277, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9923198819160461, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8201031684875488, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9019979238510132, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5820974707603455, - "start": 152, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Self-reported measles immunization coverage", - "confidence": 0.7552118301391602, - "start": 458, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7449098229408264, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children under 5", - "confidence": 0.715951681137085, - "start": 420, - "end": 423 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Summary continued\n\nLimitations\n\n - Survey findings may not be generalizable to refugee households without a registered telephone\nnumber, as they could not be interviewed for this survey.\n\n`o` It is reasonable however to assume that households with no phone access are likely to be\nmore financially vulnerable and therefore at higher risk of not being able to access and utilize\nhealth services as needed.\n\n - Poor recall or lack of information available to the head of household respondent may have affected\nthe quality of the response.\n\n\nConclusions\n\n - There has been a progressive improvement in refugees knowledge about access to subsidized PHC\nand SHC has however 25% of refugees still report to be unaware of such services.\n\n - Cost remains the main barrier to accessing health care. Household expenditure on health care is high\nand increasing coupled with increasing levels of poverty. 70 % of households are living under the\npoverty line (US$3.84/ person/day), up from 50% in 2014 (VASyR 2015).\n\n\n - Antenatal care (ANC) coverage of 4 or more visits remains low (47% compared to 49.5% in 2014). Cost\nof accessing services is the main barrier.\n\n\n - The C-section rate of 31% is high but comparable to that for Lebanese and similar to previous years.\n\n\n - The reported home delivery rate of 11% assisted by a trained attendant compared to 3.2% in 2014\nrequires further investigation.\n\n\nRecommendations\n\n\nImprove refugee knowledge of available services\n\n - Continue awareness raising on cost and subsidies for health services through registration centres,\ncommunity centres, municipalities and mass information campaigns using SMS and media.\n\n - Focus on the importance of and availability of reproductive health services.\n\nAddress financial barriers to access\n\n - Continue supporting access to primary health care services through the expanded network of MoPH\nPHCs benefiting from a supply of free vaccines and essential medications. Advocacy to ensure that\nchildhood vaccination is completely free of charge following the MoPH directive. There must be a\nparticular focus on ensuring access to antenatal and postnatal care to remove financial barriers and\nincrease uptake.\n\n - At secondary care level, ongoing financial support is essential to ensure access to life saving and\nobstetric care with increased coverage for the most socioeconomically vulnerable. Standard fees for\ndeliveries agreed with contracted hospitals must be enforced and closely monitored. The hospital Csection rate should be controlled by continuing to require an independent prior approval based on\nclear indications. Increased uptake of quality ANC services may contribute to reducing the rate of\nemergency C-sections.\n\n - Investigate the reported increased number of home deliveries.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9802823066711426, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6255311369895935, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "US", - "confidence": 0.5038094520568848, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8294830918312073, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6433048844337463, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9871388077735901, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7dc0abc-b34e-300f-9636-1be0d4f16f2f/LebanonHAUSreport2015FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_473/raw/doc_473_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_473/raw/doc_473_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ca526d6d52bbb6e7b4fac8c6df483d83cac032ab..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_473/raw/doc_473_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,529 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Health access and utilization survey** **among Syrian refugees in Lebanon**\n\n_**UNHCR, November 2017**_\n\n\n**Photo credit: UNHCR**\n\n_We are grateful to the Syrian refugees who participated in this survey. We are also grateful to the Ministry of Public Health,_\n_and other local and international partners and donors who have continuously supported access to healthcare services for_\n_refugees. The survey was conducted by UNHCR Public Health Unit in Lebanon with support from UNHCR Public Health Section in_\n_Geneva and input from the Ministry of Public Health, Lebanon._\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health access and utilization survey", - "confidence": 0.9988235831260681, - "start": 3, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9693363904953003, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8568414449691772, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9954347014427185, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.917284369468689, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9964330196380615, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Background**\n\nLebanon currently hosts over 1 million Syrian registered refugees who live outside of camps in urban\ncenters and informal settlements. UNHCR is providing assistance and support to the refugees through a\nvariety of programs covering basic assistance, protection, shelter, WASH, education and health. UNHCR\nplays an overall coordination role for several actors involved in providing healthcare assistance to Syrian\nrefugees in Lebanon. These health programmes aim to enhance refugee access to comprehensive health\nservices within Lebanon. Primary health care (PHC) is the core of all health interventions and in\npartnership with local and international implementing partners, UNHCR is supporting 30 PHC facilities\nwhere a minimum package of health care services is provided at subsidized prices. In total there are\napproximately 100 PHCs countrywide supported by partners where subsidized care is available for\nrefugees. Healthcare services include, medical consultations, laboratory tests, pharmacy prescriptions,\nfree vaccinations. Referral care is an essential component of access to comprehensive health services for\nrefugees. UNHCR supports deliveries and life-saving emergency care by paying 75\u201390% of hospital fees\ndepending on the socio-economic vulnerability of the individual refugee and the cost of the admission.\nTo facilitate the administration of referral care support UNHCR contracts a Third Party Administrator\n(TPA) and since January 2017 the TPA is NEXtCARE.\n\n\nIt is challenging to collect reliable routine data on the health service needs of non-camp refugees when\ncompared to those residing in traditional camps. For this reason, Household Access and Utilization\nSurveys (HAUS) allow UNHCR to monitor trends in how refugees access and utilize health services over\ntime. The proportion of registered Syrian refugee households with telephone numbers in Lebanon is\n98%. Since 2014, UNHCR Lebanon has conducted annual telephone HAUS surveys which have provided\nimportant information on the challenges faced by refuges in accessing health care services. The survey\nresults guide program delivery by providing timely and regular information in a cost-efficient manner on\nkey variables relating to access and utilization.\n\n#### **Objective**\n\nThis cross-sectional follow-up survey was conducted among refugees living in Lebanon, to monitor their\naccess to and utilization of available health care services. The survey will aim to assess significant\nchanges, if any that have occurred since the last survey which was conducted in 2016.\n\n#### **Methods**\n\n- The survey was conducted through telephone interviews from the 5th to 8th of September 2017.\n\n- Eight surveyors were recruited and underwent 1.5 days of training.\n\n- Survey households were selected using random sampling, from a master list provided by UNHCR\nregistration unit containing all registered refugees in Lebanon (as of August 2017), with a valid\ntelephone number in the database.\n\n- The WHO STEP sample size calculator was used to obtain a representative sample [1] .\n\n\n1WHO | STEPS Sample Size Calculator and Sampling Spreadsheet; http://www.who.int/chp/steps/resources/sampling/en/\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Access and Utilization\nSurveys", - "confidence": 0.9923095703125, - "start": 273, - "end": 278 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6810341477394104, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HAUS", - "confidence": 0.9980745315551758, - "start": 279, - "end": 280 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5544151067733765, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9451287388801575, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7144947052001953, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.738244891166687, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "master list", - "confidence": 0.8070889115333557, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7046343684196472, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR\nregistration unit", - "confidence": 0.7353065013885498, - "start": 479, - "end": 482 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9912084341049194, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9118934273719788, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered refugees", - "confidence": 0.9449189901351929, - "start": 484, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Sample size was determined based on a desired confidence level between 3 and 5% for key\nindicators, baseline levels of indicators of 50%, design effect of 1, and accounted for a non-response\nrate of 50%.\n\n- Selected HHs were contacted and interviewed over the phone by the interviewers.\n\n- Participation was fully voluntary and everyone was informed that participating or not would not\nhave any consequences in regards to UNHCR support and assistance to the household.\n\n- The head of household, or an adult (aged \u226518) who could respond on his/her behalf, was\ninterviewed.\n\n- The specific inclusion and exclusion criteria for individuals within a selected household are as\nfollows:\n**Inclusion**\n\n`o` In case of absence, adult who can provide response on behalf of the household\n**Exclusion**\n\n`o` Not providing informed consent\n\n`o` Under 17 years of age\n\n`o` Not registered in the database\n\n- Attempts were made to contact all the selected households. Households that for some reason did\nnot respond to the survey were not replaced.\n\n- Costs were asked for in Lebanese Pounds and converted to USD (1 USD=1500 LBP).\n\n- Data were entered using mobile tablets in real time, and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2011.\n\n#### **Key findings**\n\n##### **A. Baseline characteristics of population**\n\n- At the time of the survey, the population of registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon numbered\n1,001,051 individuals, living in 231,530 households (4.3 individuals per household).\n\n- 48% of the refugees were male and 53% female.\n\n- 17% of the refugee population was less than 5 years old.\n\n\n**B.** **Baseline characteristics of sample**\n\n- A total of 699 households were selected to participate in the survey.\n\n- 450 (64%) households were interviewed. The most common reason for non-response was either\nthat no-one responded to the call or that the number was not functioning.\n\n- Participating households had a total of 2286 members, and surveyed households had an average\nnumber of 5.1 individuals.\n\n- 51% of surveyed household members were female and 17.3% were less than 5 years old.\n\n\n**C.** **Health care access and utilization during the month preceding the interview**\n\n- 55% of interviewed households knew that refugees have access to subsidized services at\ngovernment PHCs for between 3,000 and 5,000 LL. This is a slight decrease from 57% in 2016.\n\n- 74% of households knew that UNHCR supported life-saving hospital care and care for deliveries.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.5155139565467834, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6518679857254028, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9832350015640259, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.7307935357093811, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5492441654205322, - "start": 280, - "end": 283 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9359320998191833, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Baseline characteristics of sample", - "confidence": 0.5228943824768066, - "start": 343, - "end": 347 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7436497807502747, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5015639066696167, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6393503546714783, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8091768026351929, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 59% knew that vaccination for children <12 years is free at governmental facilities, compared to 71%\nin 2016.\n\n- 31% of respondents were aware of services for survivors of domestic abuse or sexual violence.\n\n- 42% of respondents knew that drugs for acute conditions could be obtained for free at government\nPHC facilities. This is a decrease from the 49% reported in 2016.\n\n- 53% (240/450) of households reported spending money on health care the previous calendar\nmonth. This is a decrease from corresponding figure from 2016 which was 65%.\n\n- Refuges who needed care spent an average of USD 154 (median: USD 75) in the month preceding\nthe survey. This is an increase from the USD 148, USD 136 and USD 90 average expenditure reported\nin 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively but a decreased median expenditure compared to 100 USD in\n2016.\n\n\n**D.** **Sexual and reproductive health**\n\n**(i)** **Antenatal care services**\n\n- 43% (227) of women of reproductive age (15\u201344 years old) were pregnant in the 2 years prior to the\ninterview.\n\n- 74% (142) of the 192 women who had delivered during the same time period were receiving\nantenatal care (ANC) services. This was a slight increase from the 70% recorded in 2016.\n\n- 41% (78) of the women who had delivered attended 4 or more ANC visits,\n\n- Reasons for not accessing ANC services were clinic fees (47%), and thinking that ANC was not\nnecessary (21%).\n\n- 112 women could name the clinic where they attended their last ANC visit: 14% (16) were UNHCR\nsupported clinics, 16% (18) were MSF clinics, 27% (30) were supported by other entities and 43%\n(48) were unsupported or unknown clinics.\n\n- Median cost for an ANC visit was USD 0 at MSF clinics, and USD 13 at all the other facilities with no\nsignificant difference noted between humanitarian agency supported and non-supported facilities.\n\n\n**(ii)** **Delivery services**\n\n- 185 of the 192 women who had delivered in the last 2 years were able to recall the location of\ndelivery. Of these, 96% (177) delivered in a health facility and 4% (8) delivered at home, a decrease\nfrom 6% in 2016.\n\n- 7 of the 8 women who delivered at home were assisted by a trained birth attendant.\n\n- Reasons for delivering at home include not having a care-giver for existing children (62%), and\navailability of a midwife (37%).\n\n- Of the women who delivered in a health facility, 7% (13) did not pay for delivery services, and 73%\n(130) received UNHCR financial support.\n\n- The proportion of women who reported delivering via caesarean section was 31%.\n\n- 76% (126) of the 166 respondents who were able to recall the name of their delivery facility,\ndelivered in a hospital within the UNHCR network [2] .\n\n\n2 UNHCR supports emergency deliveries in hospitals outside their network if refugees had no time to seek care\nelsewhere.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 85 respondents had a UNHCR-supported normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and could estimate what\nthey had paid (median cost: USD 75). This is a decrease from the 2016 cost of USD 99.3.\n\n- 14 respondents had vaginal deliveries without financial support with a median cost of USD 250.\n\n- 34 respondents had a UNHCR supported C-section and could estimate what they had paid (median\ncost: USD 200), which is a significant decrease from the 2016 cost of USD 304.\n\n- 11 respondents underwent C-section without financial support with a median cost of USD 333.\n\n\n**(iii)** **Post-natal care services**\n\n- Only 28% (55) of the 192 women who delivered had sought post-natal care (PNC) services. The\ncorresponding figure in 2016 was 26%.\n\n- 81% of these women sought PNC services in the same facility where they had attended ANC.\n\n- Reasons for not seeking PNC were not thinking that the services were necessary (74%), and inability\nto afford the clinic fees (22%).\n\n\n**(iv)** **Family planning**\n\n- 75% (338) of households were willing to answer questions about family planning.\n\n- Of these, 48% (163) reported using some method of family planning which is an increase from 38%\nreported in 2016.\n\n- 39% (63) of respondents used contraceptive pills, 23% (37) used IUDs, 11% (18) used condoms, and\n25% (40) only used traditional methods.\n\n- Reasons for not using family planning include, planning for pregnancy (25%), not being of\nreproductive age (17%), lack of knowledge about family planning or where to obtain services (4%).\n\n- 2% of respondents thought family planning were culturally unacceptable or that the husband would\nnot allow it. However 50% gave \u201cother\u201d as a reason for not using contraceptive methods which\nincluded a deceased spouse or referring to religious reasons.\n\n\n**E.** **Childhood vaccinations**\n\n- 248 households had children < 5 years old and were asked questions about one randomly selected\nchild. 87% (218) had received a vaccination booklet.\n\n- 83% of children with a vaccination booklet had received polio vaccination, and 84% had received an\ninjectable vaccines.\n\n- 28% (56) of the 195 children that had received injectable vaccines (card/recall) were vaccinated\nbefore arriving in Lebanon.\n\n- 13% (19) of the 139 children who had received injectable vaccines in Lebanon were vaccinated at\nmobile clinics compared to 21% reported in 2016.\n\n- 28% (24) of the 85 respondents who could recall the clinic where their child received vaccines,\nsought vaccination services at a UNHCR-supported facility.\n\n- 50% of vaccinations in UNHCR-supported clinics were completely free of charge, compared to 28%\nin other health facilities.\n\n- Refugees paid a median cost of USD 6 for vaccination services (for those who reported paying).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR-supported normal vaginal delivery", - "confidence": 0.5541926622390747, - "start": 5, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.912701427936554, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6834242343902588, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Reasons given by the 28 respondents who did not take children for vaccination included, transport\ncosts (25%), and 78% \u201cother\u201d (i.e. something that did not have to do with distance, cost, knowledge\nor behavior of staff).\n\n\n**F.** **Chronic conditions**\n\n- 53% (239) of households reported at least one member with a chronic condition.\n\n- 16% (384) of the 2,286 household members reported to have a chronic medical condition.\n\n- Conditions include: (23%) back/joint pain, (15%) hypertension, (13%) asthma/pulmonary disease,\n(12%) heart disease, (11%) diabetes, (4%) kidney disease, (4%) mental disease, and (2%) cancer.\n\n- 36% (139) reported to have more than one chronic disorder. A large proportion (35%) of\nrespondents is reporting \u201cother\u201d as one of the chronic disorder that they suffer from.\n\n- 65% of the 384 household members with a chronic condition had accessed medical care and/or\nmedicines for their condition during the last 3 months compared to 63% in 2016.\n\n- Of the 252 individuals who could recall the facilities where they had sought care, 50% had gone to a\nclinics, 35% to a pharmacy and 15% to a hospital.\n\n- 21% of those who sought care in clinics and 11% of those who sought care in hospitals did not pay\nfor the services. All those who sought care in pharmacies paid.\n\n- Median cost for healthcare/medicines during the last 3 months was USD 27 in clinics, USD 33 in\npharmacies and USD 100 in hospitals (among respondents who paid for services and could recall the\namounts).\n\n- Median cost at UNHCR-supported clinics was USD 4, and USD 1 at clinics supported by other\npartners. At unsupported clinics the median cost was 20 USD [3] .\n\n- The main barrier to accessing care for those with chronic conditions was the inability to pay fees\n(65%). This is a similar finding to results from previous surveys.\n\n\n**G.** **Acute conditions**\n\n- 8% (186) of the 2,286 household members reported to have an acute condition during the month\npreceding the survey.\n\n- Among them, 23% did not seek health care for their acute conditions. The majority (59%) could not\nafford clinic fees and 20% did not think it was necessary to seek care.\n\n- Out of the 142 that sought health care, 57% went to a clinic, 23% to a pharmacy and 16% to a\nhospital.\n\n- 94% (116) of the refugees that received care for acute conditions had to pay for the services: 27%\ngot assistance from UNHCR and 29% could not pay the whole amount that was asked of them.\n\n- Respondents who could recall the amount they had paid for care reported the following median\ncosts: clinics (17 USD), pharmacies (USD 19), and hospitals (USD 117).\n\n- Median cost at UNHCR-supported clinics was USD 2, and USD 15 at clinics supported by other\npartners. Median cost at unsupported clinics was 18 USD.\n\n- 87% (124) of the 142 household members with acute conditions who sought care received services.\n\n\n3 Median calculation includes the ones that received care for free.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Chronic conditions", - "confidence": 0.5773887634277344, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5076104402542114, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "previous surveys", - "confidence": 0.6291346549987793, - "start": 418, - "end": 420 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.7787870168685913, - "start": 444, - "end": 446 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Median calculation", - "confidence": 0.5001623630523682, - "start": 658, - "end": 660 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.7164432406425476, - "start": 646, - "end": 648 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Reasons for not receiving services despite seeking them include the facility could not offer the\nneeded services (44%), couldn\u2019t afford the fees (27%), and the facility refused to provide the service\n(22%).\n\n- Four of the 18 household members who couldn\u2019t receive services at the first facility sought care at a\nsecond facility. Of these, 1 got care, 1 went to a third facility but was still not able to get care.\n\n#### **Limitations**\n\n- Survey was limited to refugees households registered with UNHCR and had telephone number\n(98%).\n\n- Despite attempts to account for non-response during sampling and verify telephone numbers prior\nto the survey, some households declined to participate in the survey and others could not be\nreached.\n\n- Interviews were held with only one key informant from each household and answers are selfreported. Lack of information by the informant or poor recall available to the household respondent\nmight have affected the quality of response and led to bias.\n\n#### **Conclusions**\n\n- Most refugees are aware of support available for health care services but a decline was noted in the\nlevel of knowledge about some key health services (childhood vaccinations and support for survivors\nof sexual and domestic abuse).\n\n\n- Fewer households reported spending money on health during the preceding month (53% compared\nwith 65%). Refugees who needed care spent an average of USD 154 in the month preceding the\nsurvey, compared to USD 148, USD 136 and USD 90 reported in 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively.\nHowever median cost had reduced compared to 2016 from 100 USD to 75 USD.\n\n\n- ANC services remain underutilized with 26% not getting any antenatal care before delivery. Only\n41% of women who had delivered had completed 4 or more visits. Main reasons for not seeking\nANC services were inability to afford costs and lack of awareness of its importance. Most of the\nwomen who do access ANC are paying more than the recommended fee of 3,000\u20135000 LBP in\nUNHCR supported clinics.\n\n\n- 96% of women delivered in a facility and 73% received UNHCR support. However, the amount paid\nfor NVD is exceeding the agreed upon fees. In contrast, the amount paid for C-section is in\naccordance with agreements.\n\n\n- The majority (72%) of women do not go for PNC after delivery. The main reported reason for this is\nthe perception that it is unnecessary. This is a change from previous year when the main reason\nreported was lack of awareness of the availability of PNC services. Increase noted in the proportion\nof respondents using family planning, 48% as compared to 38.1% reported in 2016.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9808274507522583, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6142047643661499, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7646908164024353, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees households", - "confidence": 0.9901342988014221, - "start": 107, - "end": 109 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 16% of refugees reported having a chronic condition, higher than 8% in 2016. This might be\nexplained by changes in this years\u2019 interview format whereby respondents were given more\nresponse alternatives than previously (\u201cback/joint pain\u201d and \u201cother\u201d). However, prevalence for\nspecific conditions like hypertension remains relatively unchanged. Similar to last years\u2019 finding,\napproximately two-thirds of respondents reported having received care for their chronic disorder.\nInability to afford fees remains the largest obstacle to accessing care for chronic conditions.\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n1. Enhance refugee knowledge of available services through intensifying awareness raising on the\n\nlocation of health facilities and availability of free vaccines in the MoPH network and subsidized\nhealth services in PHCs supported by partners. This should be through existing communication\nchannels with refugees as well as expanded use of outreach networks and social media.\n\n2. In parallel, raise awareness on the importance of seeking care especially antenatal care,\n\npostnatal care, family planning and care for NCDs using existing channels and community\noutreach workers to increase demand and uptake of essential services.\n\n3. Continue to address financial barriers to health access:\n\na. Advocate for sufficient and predictable funding from donors to continue supporting\n\nsubsidized access to PHC services and lifesaving hospital care.\nb. Expand coverage of subsidized PHC.\nc. Enhance monitoring and oversight of clinics and hospitals to ensure adherence to\n\nagreed upon fees, rational prescribing of essential medicines and rational use of\nlaboratory investigations. The issue concerns especially reproductive health such as\nANC and deliveries for which refugees are often paying more than they should.\nd. Ensure, through supporting the national supply system and capacity of PHC pharmacists\n\nthat supported facilities have uninterrupted supplies of vaccines, and essential\nmedications to avoid unnecessary out of pocket expenditure at private pharmacies.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|4) Chronic Conditions|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|4.1 Prevalence|Figure 11:Proportion of different chronic conditions reported (n=384)


Figure 12: Reasons for not accessing chronic care (n=130)

35%
23%
15%
13%
12%
11%
9%
4%
2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Other
Back or Joint Pain
Hypertension
Lung disorder
Heart disease
Diabetes
Kidney disease
Mental disease
Cancer
65%
13%
10%
10%
7%
7%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Could not afford clinic fees
Could not afford transport
Did not like the staff
Did not think it was necessary
Could not afford drugs
HC did not provide services
Didn't know where to go|\n|16%
Proportion of respondents who
reported having a chronic condition
(n=2286)|16%
Proportion of respondents who
reported having a chronic condition
(n=2286)|\n|||\n|50%
Proportion of respondents 40 years
or above who reported having a
chronic condition (n=305)|50%
Proportion of respondents 40 years
or above who reported having a
chronic condition (n=305)|\n|||\n|53%
Proportion of households with at
least one member having a chronic
disorder (n=450)|53%
Proportion of households with at
least one member having a chronic
disorder (n=450)|\n|||\n|36%
Proportion of individuals that
reported having more than one
chronic condition (n=384)|36%
Proportion of individuals that
reported having more than one
chronic condition (n=384)|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Proportion of respondents", - "confidence": 0.5309624075889587, - "start": 335, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7186303734779358, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bcbc140b-f1c1-3c37-b608-3c3ab5f10f30/LebanonHealthAccessandUtilisationSurvey2017UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_474/raw/doc_474_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_474/raw/doc_474_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4403a87733f1e9ec16e57624e6a66b67b78dd40d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_474/raw/doc_474_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,229 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **22 August 2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\nThe impact of the humanitarian situation in Lebanon is affecting both\nthe refugee and host population but mostly youth aged 15-24 years.\nIt has imposed on youth the role of adults at an early age\n\n\nThe **Situation Analysis of Youth in Lebanon Affected by the Syrian**\n**Crisis** **2014** was initiated and led by UNFPA with the support of\npartner agencies. It is the product of collaboration between the\nresearch team, international and civil society organizations, as well as\nSyria refugees and Lebanese host communities between September\nand December 2013.\n\n\nThe analysis provided:\n\n\n\uf06e A holistic understanding of the situation and vulnerabilities of\n\nSyrian refugee youth in Lebanon;\n\n\n\uf06e An analysis of the relationships between Syrian refugees\n\nyouth and Lebanese in host communities;\n\n\n\uf06e Refugee youth concerns and perspectives;\n\n\n\uf06e Gaps that can be addressed by specific stakeholders as well as\n\nprecise recommendations as basis for the way forward.\n\n\n_**Methodology**_\n\n\nSurveyed Syrian youths have been in Lebanon for around 16 months.\nThey left Syria because of the deteriorating security situation.\n\n\nBoth qualitative and quantitative components were used to collect\ndata from youth and a variety of stakeholders. Findings in the report\nwere based on:\n\n\n\uf06e A survey questionnaire covering a random sample of 985\n\nSyrian refugee youths;\n\n\n\uf06e Focus group discussions with 135 Syrian refugee youths and\n\n83 Lebanese youths;\n\n\n\uf06e Interviews with 53 key Lebanese and Syrian stakeholders.\n\n\nThe study\u2019s technical committee included UNFPA, UNICEF, UNESCO,\nUNHCR and Save the Children International (SCI).\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9296495318412781, - "start": 243, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6131364107131958, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9132692217826843, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian youths", - "confidence": 0.6958716511726379, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n_**Key Findings**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|FEMALE
15- 18|FEMALE
19- 24|MALE
15- 18|MALE
19- 24|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**MARITAL STATUS**|18%|64%|2%|23%|\n|**OUT OF SCHOOL**|**91%**|95%|93%|94%|\n|**UNEMPLOYED**|94%|92%|61%|55%|\n|**NO KNOWLEDGE OF**
**CONTRACEPTION**|66%|27%|61%|35%|\n|**NO LEBANESE**
**FRIENDS**|81%|71%|63%|51%|\n|**DON\u2019T FEEL SAFE**|59%|55%|50%|49%|\n|**DEPRESSED**|57%|50%|27%|27%|\n\n\n_**Results**_\n\n##### **Youth Priorities**\n\n\n - Securing basic livelihoods needs. This is a general concern about\nmeeting basic household needs and not about finding work. Youth\nwant to be able to meet household requirements not only through\nwork income but also through aid or means to reduce or cover living\ncosts;\n\n\n - Finding work in a generally stable and secure environment in\nLebanon;\n\n\n - Returning to Syria.\n\n\nWhen provided with a set of programme interventions to be ranked\nby importance on a scale of three levels, Syrian refugee youth gave\nthe highest score to free shelter, followed by employment\nopportunities and education.\n\n\nSupport to reintegrate into formal education was the number one\nrecommendation of female youth (15- 18 years) as this gives more\nhope in a better future.\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n\n\n\n##### **Hany\u2019s Story**\n\n###### \"If I am not a student, I am nothing.\"\n\nHani is 20 years old, and a refugee. Lost, in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. \"I\nam wasting time here.\"\n\n\nHany is missing out on his dreams. Hany was determined to graduate.\nHe went to school every day, but the relentless sound of shooting\nmade it hard to concentrate on his exams. Still, he excelled. Read his\nfull story at [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/melissa-](http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/melissa-fleming/syria-conflict-3rd-anniversary_b_4964260.html)\n[fleming/syria-conflict-3rd-anniversary_b_4964260.html.](http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/melissa-fleming/syria-conflict-3rd-anniversary_b_4964260.html)\n\n##### **Protection**\n\n\nOut of the total Syrian refugee youth population, the ratio of females\nis significantly larger than that of males.\n\n_**Early Marriage**_\n\nA high percentage of refugee youth are married: 46 per cent females\ncompared to 11 per cent males. Of those married, 18 per cent of\nfemales and 2 per cent of males are under 18.\n\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n\n\n\n\nMarriage proposals from men such as landlords, neighbors and others\nare often accompanied by financial promises or threats \u2013 although\nthe prevalence of early marriage is not necessarily enforced on girls\nby their parents.\n\n\nPartners are supporting those most vulnerable financially and\nthrough other means (including education, vocational training,\nawareness sessions, etc.) to help prevent early marriage amongst\nyouth. These efforts will be reinforced through comprehensive\nrecommendations based on the findings of this report.\n\n\n_**Sexual and Gender-Based Violence**_\n\nSexual harassment and exploitation are predominantly identified by\nrefugee youth as perpetrated by: (1) Lebanese and Syrian\ncoordinators of informal settlements, (2) employers at work and (3)\npublic transport drivers.\n\n\nConsequently, female refugee youth are subjected to increased\nrestriction on their mobility by parents.\n\n\nIncreased tension within the family \u2013 whether between married\nyouth and their spouse or unmarried youth and their parents- was\nmentioned in most focus groups and interviews.\n\n\nRefugee women and girls are being provided with economic and selfreliance opportunities through training and income-generating\nactivities. Partners have also inaugurated safe shelters for survivors\nwhere health and psychosocial services are provided. The SGBV\nresponse encompasses efforts related to shelter improvements and\nwater, hygiene and sanitation services. These include separations in\nimprovised shelters between male and female sections, provision of\nlighting in substandard accommodation, separated lockable latrines\nand showers, etc. The SGBV response also includes the distribution of\ndignity kits which include torch lights, women\u2019s hygiene kits, scarves,\nand other items.\n\n\n_**Employment**_\n\nThe main sources of household income are wages and aid: 84 per\ncent of refugee youth say their families rely on wages as well as food\nand non-food aid. The biggest household expenditure is rent.\n\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n73 per cent of working refugee youth are not satisfied with their work\nbecause of low wages, lack of protection and stability, long working\nhours, and bad attitude at work.\n\n\nUnemployment is affecting the psychological and emotional health of\nSyrian refugee youth. Many feel hopeless and believe their conditions\nwill never improve.\n\n\nSkills\u2019 training is being provided across Lebanon to both Lebanese and\nSyrian youth to expand livelihoods and improve the youth\u2019s access to\nthe job market.\n\n##### **Education**\n\n\nOnly 6 per cent of the surveyed Syrian refugee youth are enrolled in\nschools in Lebanon. Around 35 per cent dropped out because of\ndisplacement and lack of money. Other reasons included the difficulty\nof the curriculum, transportation costs and the need to work.\n\n\nAlthough more female youth are found to be enrolled in university\n(19 per cent) than their male counterparts (5 per cent), the illiteracy\nrate was found to be higher amongst females (16 per cent) compared\nto males (2 per cent).\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n**94% are not enrolled in formal education in Lebanon**\n\n\n\n**68%**\n\n\n**15- 18 years**\n\n##### **Health**\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n**19- 24 years**\n\n\n\n**34%**\n\n\n**15- 18 years**\n\n\n\n**66%**\n\n\n**19- 24 years**\n\n\n\n\n\nHealth services are available within a 30- minute walking distance for\n96 per cent of youth, although service costs remained prohibitive.\n\n\n_**Mental Health**_\n\n\nSyrian refugee youth describe themselves as feeling depressed (30\nper cent), anxious (30 per cent) or afraid (22 per cent) while only 11\nper cent expressed positive feelings.\n\n\nReasons include:\n\n\nA wide range of specialized actors are providing psychosocial support\nand one-on-one counseling services at health care center level as well\nas through home visits. Refugee Outreach Volunteers (ROVs) have\nalso played an instrumental role in referring refugees in need of help\nto specialized actors.\n\n\n_**Sexual and Reproductive Health**_\n\n\nOnly 45 per cent of youth said they know about contraceptive\nmethods. 59 per cent claim knowledge of sexually transmitted\ninfections - the percentage being higher among male youth.\n\n\nParents are the primary source of information on sexual and\nreproductive health for refugee youth particularly for females, while\n\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\nmales rely also on friends.\n\n\n46 per cent of married refugee couples were planning to have\nchildren, with 39 per cent female partners pregnant at the time of the\nsurvey. 37 per cent will have their deliveries covered by UNHCR.\n\n\n52 per cent of Syrian refugee youth interviewed were against the use\nof contraceptives. When asked about unwanted pregnancies, 51 per\ncent agree that safe medical services should be available to pregnant\nfemales who want to undergo an abortion.\n\n##### **Social Cohesion**\n\n\nAt the onset of the crisis, host communities viewed the Syrian\nrefugees as their temporary guests and offered them assistance.\nAlmost four years after, the relationship has become more\ncomplicated and tense as the pressure increases on the country\u2019s\neconomy and infrastructure.\n\n\nThe Lebanese youth participating in the survey had various fears with\nregards to Syrian refugees but mostly they were concerned with the\nincreasing number of refugees in the country and the duration of\ntheir stay.\n\n\nThe Syrian youth were being cautious and keeping a low profile\nwithin the community as they sense the increasing tension between\nthe two populations. Some of them explained that they do\nunderstand the general resentment and worry as Lebanon\u2019s\nresources are overstretched to capacity.\n\n\nEfforts to address rising tensions between the Syrian and Lebanese\ncommunities are ongoing. These include institutional support projects\n(drilling boreholes in overstretched areas, provision of equipment to\nhealth care centers, etc.), social cohesion programmes involving both\ncommunities in joint awareness/livelihoods/social projects.\n\n## **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nBased on the report findings, a list of recommendations was\ndeveloped by UNFPA and partners. This includes:\n\n\nThis report is produced by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) on behalf of humanitarian agencies working on the Syrian refugee\nresponse in Lebanon. The report is based on information provided by UNHCR and partner agencies.\n[For more information, please contact Dana Sleiman at sleiman@unhcr.org or Mona Monzer at monzer@unhcr.org.](mailto:sleiman@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9754509329795837, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.9127888679504395, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee youth", - "confidence": 0.6743502616882324, - "start": 64, - "end": 67 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9899731874465942, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8677340149879456, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9324424266815186, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Lebanese youth", - "confidence": 0.9798941016197205, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9541672468185425, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "list of recommendations", - "confidence": 0.5415700674057007, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7266295552253723, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9308706521987915, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **LEBANON | Beirut, August, 2014**\n\n - Provide socially and culturally-accepted activities for youth\n\nthat allow refugee youth out of the domestic sphere;\n\n\n - Further supporting dialogue between the Lebanese and Syrian\n\nyouth;\n\n\n - Reinforce the provision of reproductive health information;\n\n\n - Continue the support of youth reintegration into formal\n\neducation at the secondary and tertiary levels.\n\n\nUNFPA, UNICEF and partners are following-up on these report\nrecommendations.\n\n## **DONORS**\n\nUSA, UK, EU, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Slovak Republic, Saudi Arabia,\nRepublic of Korea, Qatar, Poland, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands,\nMexico, Luxembourg, Kuwait, Japan, Italy, Ireland, Holy See, Germany,\nFrance, Estonia, Ecuador, Denmark, China, Canada and Australia.\n\nContributions have also been received from the Emergency Response\nFund (ERF) and the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) as well as\nfrom private donors, national and international organizations.\n\n## **AGENCIES THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED** **TO THIS REPORT**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1295acbb-ab54-3cc0-b4bc-c0efb950fc85/LebanonInter-agencyThematicUpdate-YouthStudy-22August2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_475/raw/doc_475_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_475/raw/doc_475_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 97670ad5c3373dd7ef93e4adba3934a80f8d9814..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_475/raw/doc_475_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Legal Identity and Civil** **Documentation in** **Afghanistan**\n## _May 2024_\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Oxygen Empire Media\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN\n\n### Afghanistan Protection Cluster\n#### Thematic Note: Legal Identity and Civil Documentation in Afghanistan\n\n##### Introduction\n\n\nLegal identity, identity management and civil registration is a historical and complex issue in\nAfghanistan. The absence of civil documentation continues to be prevalent and is central to the\nlack of freedom of movement, limited access to services and protection challenges faced by the\nAfghan population. Forty years of conflict have had significant consequences on governance and\nadministration, including inconsistencies in registration of births and acquisition of key civil\ndocuments. Additionally, since the takeover in August 2021, the Afghan Constitution of 2004 and\nall domestic laws were suspended, including laws relating to civil registration and documentation,\nleaving a significant legal vacuum. Funding in related public institutions has significantly decreased,\nmany offices have closed and the number of staff in civil registration departments was reduced.\nThis has led to additional challenges to obtain civil documentation such as high costs and longer\ntravel distances to registration centres. There is also a lack of coordination, and confusing\nprocedures. This is compounded by the protracted crisis, displacement including due to natural\nhazards as well as high poverty levels. Consequently, many Afghans have been unable to acquire\nlegal identity documentation for multiple generations, significantly impacting their access to rights\nand basic services such as, education, healthcare, and restricted their freedom of movement, access\nto employment and humanitarian aid. The Herat and Pakhtika earthquakes in 2023 and the recent\nfloods in the Northern, Northeastern and Western regions in May 2024, left many people with\ndamaged or lost key civil documents.\n\nThe absence of documentation exacerbates other vulnerabilities, especially for the most vulnerable\ngroups \u2013 such as women, children, adolescents, persons with disability, returnees, internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs), ethnic and religious minorities, nomadic and stateless persons. The lack\nof a Tazkira has a spillover effect, as it is a requirement to acquire other documentation e.g. a\npassport. [i] Consequently, accessing legal identity, efficient identity management and removing\nbarriers is crucial as a fundamental human right that duty-bearers must diligently safeguard to\nmitigate protection risks and achieve lasting solutions. Information on civil documentation and\nregistration rates are currently still limited. The latest World Bank report (2015) indicates that\nmerely 42% of the total births are registered in Afghanistan. Data from the Protection Cluster\nProtection Monitoring tool (December 2023) highlights that 55% of assessed households reported\nat least one family member lacking documentation, with the majority having never managed to\nobtain it. This disproportionately affects women and girls. Also, the UNHCR Protection monitoring\ntool (CPBM 2023) indicates that rural and culturally conservative areas are more affected, such as\nin Uruzgan and Hilmand Provinces, where 77% of the families reported lacking civil documentation,\nthe majority of those being women and girls.\n\n\nMAY 2024 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN T\n\n##### **Most Affected Population Groups**\n\n\nSome minority and vulnerable population groups\nhave for decades faced specific constraints to\naccess identity and civil registration\ndocumentation, notably women, displaced\npersons, nomadic and semi-nomadic\ncommunities, children, ethnic and religious\nminority. According to recent joint research by\nSamuel Hall, IOM, UNHCR, UNICEF, NRC, and\nWFP, there are several key factors that limit\naccess to civil documentation, such as gender,\n\n_**Women:**_ they are the most affected especially women headed households, women with disability,\nwomen returnees and IDPs, women from ethnic and religious minority groups. To obtain any civil\ndocument, a women must have a _mahram (male chaperone)_ accompanying them. This _mahram_\nrequirement has discouraged some women from initiating procedures to access documentation\nunder the DFA. Some men are also discouraged to escort women due to the slow-lengthy and\ncumbersome procedures as well as long distance which prevents them from going to work and the\nconsequent loss of income. In addition, women\u2019s access to government offices is significantly\nrestricted and all officers are male which also makes them uncomfortable. Furthermore, some men\nbelieve that since women are mostly not allowed to work or have a professional career, they do\nnot need civil documents. There are also cultural/societal norms such as husbands not feeling\ncomfortable with male officers taking photos of their wives. This situation is worse for women\nheaded households as they do not account for male family member and must seek representation\nthrough a community representative _(malik)_ to acquire confirmation to be able to request identity\ndocuments. [iii]\n\n_**Displaced population (Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and returnees):**_ forty years of conflict means\nlarge-scale displacements. Many people have lost their documentation for generations or never\nobtained such documentation, especially IDPs and returnees e.g. the almost 600,000 returnees\nfrom Pakistan who currently face enormous challenges. [ iv] To obtain a Tazkira, they must return to\ntheir place of birth, or their host community leader could act as a witness for their application. IDPs\nand returnees may not have the financial resources required to return to their birthplace. In some\ncases, if there is a generational lack of documentation in the family e.g. if the grandfather or father\ndoesn\u2019t have a Tazkira, it will be difficult or impossible for the IDP or returnee to obtain one. Also,\ncommunity leaders in the birthplace may refuse to verify the documents as they do not personally\nknow the individual if the person left the community years ago or if there is a new community\nleader. In some cases, when IDPs have been living in a host community for several years, bought\nland or a house, they may not be required to go back to their place of birth. However, they must\nget confirmation from the Maliks/Wakils (host community leader). IDPs and returnees in some host\ncommunities face discrimination which limits their ability to access civil documents. Overall, these\nchallenges are compounded for women and girls, specifically women headed households and those\nliving in rural areas. The situation is made worse by low literacy levels, lack of information on\nprocedures and financial constraints. It is reported among returnees from Pakistan that, male\nrelatives are prioritized to obtain civil documents due to the significant costs involved. [v]\n\n\n2 MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN\n\n\n_**Children, including unaccompanied minors:**_ legal identity of children depends on their father\u2019s\nTazkira. Thus, children whose fathers lack a Tazkira will not be able to obtain one. Women headed\nhouseholds often face additional barriers to acquire a Tazkira for their children. Consequently, this\nprevents children from enrolling in school. Unaccompanied minors and child heads of households\nwho do not have any type of identification (Tazkira, e-Tazkira, birth certificate) also face additional\nbarriers, as they do not account on their father\u2019s Tazkira to be able to access documentation. In\ncase their father is deceased, another male family member can act as a next of kin to prove lineage\nof the child. Nevertheless, there are cases where the next of kin is unwilling to support the child\u2019s\napplication for such documentation. Unaccompanied minors may not be able to pay the required\nfees, may be unaware of the procedures or illiterate to follow through the entire process. IDP and\nreturnee children are significantly impacted, as their parents must travel back to their place of birth\nto obtain their Tazkira and most of them also face economic hardships. Under the DFA, parents\nare less inclined to apply for a Tazkira for their daughters, since girls are not allowed to stay in\nschool beyond 6th grade. [vi]\n\n_**Ethnic and religious minorities:**_ these groups face more challenges accessing documentation in\ncertain communities. Cases of discrimination against minority groups have been reported, due to\nethnicity favouritism. Perceptions on this issue may differ \u2013 there are views contesting any\ndiscrimination and others that would acknowledge that discrimination exists. Further, these\nminority groups have expressed concerns over their ethnicity and religion being disclosed in the eTazkira, fearing it may result in violence and discrimination. [vii]\n\n_**Nomadic/semi-nomadic groups:**_ there is a generational lack of documentation, especially among\nparents, due to constant moving which in turn is affecting children. Some may therefore not have\na link to a specific location to trace parentage, limiting opportunities for referees. In the absence\nof parental documentation one needs a witness, elderly from the community of the place of linkage\nto confirm their lineage. The elder community member must be officially registered as a\nrepresentative of the community to which the individual claims affiliation. Nevertheless, many\nelders from nomadic communities are not officially registered which creates additional obstacles. [viii]\n\n##### **Key Challenges to Access Identity Documentation and Civil** **Registration**\n\n\n_**Legal obstacles:**_ Since August 2021, the Afghan Constitution of 2004, all domestic laws including\nlaws related to civil registration and documentation were suspended. Some laws are still unofficially\napplied on ad-hoc basis and variations exist between provinces, creating confusion and unclear\nprocedures. The current situation poses challenges for the most vulnerable. Worst of all, private\nlawyers are very few, and almost there are no practicing women lawyers who would facilitate\naccess to civil documentation for women and other vulnerable people.\n\n_**Access barriers:**_ There are significant variation in the functionality of the offices handling legal\nidentification processes across the country leading to unequal access. [ix] Many offices have closed\nand few that exist, are far from the majority of the people which has increased travel distance often\nto provincial capitals, which is compounded by the poor road infrastructure. The absence of women\nofficials limits women\u2019s ability to process civil documents worsened by the mahram requirement.\nPrinting of essential documents, such as e-Tazkiras and issuance of passports, are now centralized\nin Kabul, resulting in longer waiting times, processing costs as well as travel and other related\nexpenses. Relatedly, there are administrative challenges including poor quality and limited\navailability of equipment, technical failures of the online system forcing people to apply in-person.\n\n\nMAY 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN T\n\n\n_**Financial constraints:**_ Due to decreasing public financial resources multiples civil registration offices\nhave closed and the number of staff reduced. Also, since the takeover, the fees for essential\ndocuments such as e-Tazkiras and passports, have significantly increased and unaffordable for\nmany Afghan people. Previously a paper Tazkira cost 10 AFN, while today it costs 100 AFN and\n300 AFN for e-Tazkira. [x] Variations in prices have been reported across provinces. Obtaining a\npassport currently cost between 10,000 to 12,000 AFN, an estimated 50 percent increase limiting\npeople\u2019s ability to acquire these documents.\n\n_**Waiting times and unclear procedures:**_ Processing times remains a major barrier characterized by\nlong waiting periods. Many applicants have reported that it takes several months to acquire paper\nTazkiras and e-Tazkiras and passports, and variations exist between Kabul and other provinces.\nBesides, the procedures for obtaining documents are complex and involve multiple steps. Paper\nTazkiras or marriage certificates, still require the presence of witnesses to be approved. [xi]\n\n##### **Protection Risks-related to the Lack of Civil** **Documentation:**\n\n\n - _**Restriction to freedom of movement:**_ people without civil documents are unable to move across\nvillages, districts, and provinces as well as to travel abroad. The situation is worse for women.\n\n - _**Limited access to basic services leading to adoption of negative coping mechanisms:**_ to receive\ncertain services like health care, humanitarian assistance, bank account, or loans, a civil\ndocument is a prerequisite which leads to some people resorting to negative coping\nmechanisms increasing vulnerabilities and reducing capacities to overcome shocks.\n\n - _**Limited access to education:**_ children are unable to enroll in schools without a Tazkira.\n\n - _**Discrimination and stigmatization:**_ other community members may perceive a non-holder of a\ncivil document as stateless and treat him/her in an undignified manner.\n\n - _**Gender-based violence:**_ women and girls are particularly vulnerable to harassment while moving\nwith no documentation as well in case of sexual violence girls cannot prove that they are\nminors and perpetrators may take advantage of this.\n\n - _**Child abuse, exploitation, and violence:**_ children who are not registered and, therefore, cannot\n\u201cprove\u201d their age, are more vulnerable and exposed to age-related abuses, such as early\nmarriage, child labour, sexual exploitation, recruitment in non-state armed groups, military\nconscription, detention in adult prison facilities and adult conviction.\n\n~~\u2022~~ _**Insecurity of tenure and property rights:**_ without documentation people\u2019s rights to housing, land\nand property are curtailed, creating a significant barrier to tenure. This increases the threats of\neviction and exacerbates vulnerabilities, such as marginalisation and discrimination of the most\nvulnerable groups.\n\n - _**Harassment:**_ individuals that cannot provide personal documentation may be subjected to\nharassment, extorsion, physical violence. This could worsen during conflict and displacement.\n\n - _**Difficulties in cases of family separation and reunification:**_ the absence of a birth registration\ncould mean that the reunification of children with their families becomes more difficult.\n\n - _**Risk of statelessness:**_ the lack of documentation and other means to prove one\u2019s identity can\ntrigger or increase the risk of statelessness.\n\n\n4 MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN\n\n##### **Recommendations to the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)** **and Humanitarian Agencies**\n\n\n - Engage the DFA to reduce the cost of civil documents for the most vulnerable especially\nwomen, children, minorities, and persons with disability.\n\n - Work with the DFA to develop and implement a nationwide registration programming in line\nwith humanitarian principles with the view of enabling the most vulnerable to access civil\ndocuments.\n\n - Initiate a detailed assessment on civil registration and documentation to deepen\nunderstanding of the situation in Afghanistan to support programming, fundraising and\nadvocacy.\n\n##### **Recommendations to donors**\n\n\n - Provide dedicated funding and sustained funding for civil documentation including birth\nregistration and civil registration for the most vulnerable as an affirmative action.\n\n\nAfter participating in an awareness meeting organized by\n\nUNHCR through its partner, OSED, which was on\n\nimportance of civil document, Shaiqa, a 28-year old\n\nwoman previously returned from Iran, realized the\n\nimportance of civil documents and became interested to\n\nget them. As a result of a joint effort and with the\n\nguidance and assistance of OSED\u2019s legal team, she\n\nproceeded application.\n\n\nIn consequence, the four kids of Shaiqa were able to\n\nobtain citizenship certificates.\n\n\nMAY 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN T\n\n##### **Annex 1: Type of Documentation in Afghanistan [xii]**\n\n\n_Tazkira:_ refers to the official national identity document in Afghanistan. There are two versions, the\npaper Tazkira, commonly referred to as the \u201colder version\u201d and the E-Tazkira, commonly referred\nto as \u201cnew version\u201d. Under the 2014 Law on Registration of Population Records, all Afghan citizens\nmust possess a Tazkira, it is required to receive variety of services, as well as to acquire other\ndocuments, such as passports and drivers\u2019 licences. Applications are processed in the applicant\u2019s\nhometown or in Kabul if a letter of permission is provided by local authorities in the hometown.\n_**Electronic Tazkira (e-Tazkira):**_ refers to an \u201cofficial document that is printed on polycarbonate\ncards.\u201d It includes biometric information, such as nationality, ethnicity, and religion. Applications\nmay be filled in online, but an in-person appointment is also required at the registration office.\n\n_**Passport:**_ this document enables travels abroad and is regulated by the Passport Act of 2015. A\npaper Tazkira or an e-Tazkira is required to acquire a passport. Applications must be processed at\nthe Kabul Central Passport Department.\n\n_**Birth certificate:**_ is issued upon registering a birth at the hospital validated by the civil registry. For\nthose born out of hospital, they obtain a vaccination card from a government hospital, passport\nphotos and the parent\u2019s identify card. For Afghans over six years, they must acquire the birth\ncertificate in Kabul.\n\n_**Death certificate:**_ refers to the official document issued by the government to establish or legally\nprove the death of an individual, including information on the time, location, and cause of death. It\ncalls for a confirmation from community leaders, two witnesses, a Tazkira from a close relative, and\nconfirmation letter from district authorities.\n\n_**Marriage certificate:**_ it establishes proof of marriage, upon registration by the competent authority\nof an official marriage contract ( _nikahnam_ ). To obtain a marriage certificate, a valid Tazkira is\nrequired. Married women must provide a marriage certificate to obtain a passport for their children\nif their husband is not present, and if travelling out of the country with her husband, a marriage\ncertificate must be provided.\n\n\n6 MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN\n\n##### **Annex 2: General Procedures to Access Civil Documentation in** **Afghanistan**\n\n\n_**Figure 1:**_ _Steps to obtain documentation under the DFA_ _[xiii]_\n\n\nMAY 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEGAL IDENTITY AND CIVIL DOCUMENATION IN AFGHANISTAN T\n\n##### **Endnotes**\n\n\n_[i NRC, Samuel Hall, 2016, Access to Tazkira and other civil documentation in Afghanistan](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/af_civil-documentation-study_081116.pdf)_\n_ii Ibid._\n_iii Ibid._\n_iv_ _[UNHCR-IOM Pakistan Flash update #20, Arrest and Detention/Flow Monitoring, 15 Sep 23 to 18](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108869)_\n_[May 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108869)_\n_[v GiHA, 2023, Gender update #2,Forced Returns from Pakistan](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-forced-returns-pakistan-5-december-2023)_\n_[vi IOM, NRC, Samuel Hall, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, Research Report, 2023, Documentation and](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_[Legal Identification in Afghanistan](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_vii Ibid._\n_[viii Forced Migration Review, May 2014, Afghanistan\u2019s displaced people: 2014 and beyond \u201cStateless](https://www.fmreview.org/afghanistan)_\n_[in Afghanistan.\u201d](https://www.fmreview.org/afghanistan)_\n_[ix IOM, NRC, Samuel Hall, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP,, Research Report, 2023, Documentation and](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_[Legal Identification in Afghanistan.](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_x Ibid._\n_xi Ibid._\n_[xii IOM, NRC, Samuel Hall, UNHCR,UNICEF, WFP, Research Report, 2023, Documentation and Legal](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_[Identification in Afghanistan](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_xiii Ibid._\n\n\n8 MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MAY 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83088331-7863-4e3d-80ef-036f1e3c9dee/Legal%20Identity%20and%20Civil%20Documentation%20in%20Afghanistan_05062024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_476/raw/doc_476_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_476/raw/doc_476_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ed607dbfdf39f84f7f559092bc5c0a1e7314509c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_476/raw/doc_476_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Existe una gran necesidad de convertir a los refugiados en protagonistas de sus m\u00e1s diversas acciones, ejerciendo el papel\nque les corresponde en el pa\u00eds en el que se encuentran. El ACNUR, como organizaci\u00f3n global que trabaja con refugiados en\ntodo el mundo, ha hecho esfuerzos y recursos, desarrollando un espacio de escucha activa, fortaleciendo los lazos con las\norganizaciones lideradas por refugiados y posibilitando una acci\u00f3n m\u00e1s inclusiva, respetando las diferentes nacionalidades,\ng\u00e9neros y razas [...] Es un paso en un largo camino, pero es un paso que nos llena de esperanza para d\u00edas mejores por venir,\ncuando los refugiados de todo el mundo puedan disfrutar del ejercicio de la ciudadan\u00eda y de los derechos humanos como\nciudadanos del mundo.\n\n**Geraldino \u201cKanhanga\u201d**, Refugiado Angole\u00f1o, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o dos Angolanos e Amigos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil\n\n#### **LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA LOCALIZACI\u00d3N EN LA REGI\u00d3N**\n\n\n\nLa localizaci\u00f3n es un proceso que promueve la participaci\u00f3n\nefectiva e inclusi\u00f3n de los actores locales y nacionales en\nla acci\u00f3n humanitaria. Nos permite reconocer la presencia\ny respetar el trabajo hist\u00f3rico de los actores locales\nquienes tradicionalmente son los primeros en responder a\nsituaciones de crisis, as\u00ed como fortalecer su independencia,\nbuscando garantizar respuestas adecuadas al contexto\ny que atiendan de mejor manera las necesidades de las\npersonas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas. El ACNUR se enfoca\nen la localizaci\u00f3n y la integraci\u00f3n para contribuir a lograr\nresultados sostenibles, promoviendo al mismo tiempo la\nresiliencia local, apoyando la capacidad de respuesta y\nestableciendo asociaciones estrat\u00e9gicas.\n\n\nEl ACNUR en las Am\u00e9ricas, pretende fortalecer su papel de\napoyo a la sociedad civil y a las organizaciones lideradas\npor personas refugiadas, desplazadas internas y ap\u00e1tridas\n(RLO por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) en las comunidades de origen,\ntr\u00e1nsito y destino, en l\u00ednea con los compromisos globales\nhacia la participaci\u00f3n significativa con los actores locales.\n\n\nColaborar con las comunidades locales en las rutas de\nmovimientos mixtos es fundamental para el **enfoque**\n\n\n\n**basado en rutas** propuesto por ACNUR en la regi\u00f3n, para\nfortalecer la protecci\u00f3n y las soluciones en el contexto\nde los movimientos mixtos de refugiados y migrantes.\nTrabajar con organizaciones locales mejora la forma en que\nidentificamos las rutas clave y las \u00e1reas donde se necesitan\nintervenciones con mayor urgencia, y permite promover la\ninclusi\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica, compartir capacidades y abogar\npor pol\u00edticas que respalden a los refugiados y migrantes.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZACI\u00d3N EN ACNUR AM\u00c9RICAS\n\n#### **COMPROMISOS DEL ACNUR CON LA LOCALIZACI\u00d3N**\n\n\nACNUR asumi\u00f3 compromisos en la Cumbre Mundial Humanitaria de 2016 para \u201cEmpoderar acciones humanitarias nacionales\ny locales\u201d para la localizaci\u00f3n. Asimismo, la Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York y el Pacto Mundial sobre Refugiados hicieron\nreferencia a la importancia del compromiso directo con las comunidades y las personas desplazadas por la fuerza. En\nseguimiento a dichos compromisos, ACNUR participa en el grupo de trabajo 5 del Comit\u00e9 Permanente Inter-Agencial (IASC\npor sus siglas en ingles), realiza consultas regulares a nivel local, regional y global con Organizaciones No Gubernamentales,\ncuenta con un Comit\u00e9 de Asesores liderado por personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas y revisa continuamente sus procesos\npara establecimiento de cooperaci\u00f3n con socios locales y nacionales.\n\n\n**\u2022 COMPROMISOS GLOBALES:** Pacto Mundial y Declaraci\u00f3n de Nueva York, Grand Bargain y WHS, Consultas con\nlas ONG\u2019s y Grupo de Trabajo del IASC 5.\n\n\n**\u2022 COLABORACIONES Y PROGRAMAS:** Socios quienes reciben la financiaci\u00f3n, Reforma de la asociaci\u00f3n,\nDirectrices operativas sobre localizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**\u2022 ORGANIZACIONES DIRIGIDAS POR DESPLAZADOS Y AP\u00c1TRIDAS:** Equipo de Trabajo y Consejo Asesor,\nRevisi\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas y asesoramiento.\n\n\n**\u2022 FORO MUNDIAL DE REFUGIADOS:** Compromiso multilateral para impulsar la localizaci\u00f3n, Participaci\u00f3n\nsignificativa de los refugiados.\n\n#### **FORO MUNDIAL DE REFUGIADOS**\n\n\n**La participaci\u00f3n de organizaciones lideradas por personas refugiadas y desplazadas en el Foro Global de Refugiados**\n**permite visibilizar la experiencia vivida de forma directa. Si se quieren crear pol\u00edticas y soluciones duraderas que**\n**contemplen las necesidades reales de las personas refugiadas, es necesario fortalecer espacios que permitan la**\n**participaci\u00f3n significativa, reconociendo las capacidades y competencias de las personas refugiadas, abriendo**\n**espacios de consulta y toma de decisiones para aquellas acciones que tienen incidencia sobre nuestras vidas.**\n\n\n**Ana Valle, Asociaci\u00f3n de Nicaraguenses en M\u00e9xico.**\n\n\nCelebrado cada cuatro a\u00f1os, el Foro Mundial de Refugiados,\nes el mayor encuentro internacional sobre refugiados\ndel mundo, dise\u00f1ado para apoyar la implementaci\u00f3n\npr\u00e1ctica de los objetivos establecidos en el Pacto Mundial\nsobre Refugiados: aliviar las presiones sobre los pa\u00edses\nanfitriones, mejorar la autosuficiencia de los refugiados,\naumentar el acceso a soluciones en terceros pa\u00edses\ny mejorar las condiciones en los pa\u00edses de origen. En\ndiciembre de 2023, se apoy\u00f3 a 19 personas refugiadas y\npersonas desplazadas internamente de la Regi\u00f3n de las\nAm\u00e9ricas para participar en el evento como expertos y\noradores en temas de refugio.\n\n\n\nEn preparaci\u00f3n para el evento, las personas refugiadas\nse participaron en la preparaci\u00f3n de compromisos seg\u00fan\nsus \u00e1reas de inter\u00e9s y experiencias previas, brindando\nsu valiosa contribuci\u00f3n en cuestiones de igualdad de\ng\u00e9nero, acceso a la educaci\u00f3n, asesoramiento legal,\ninclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica y participaci\u00f3n significativo. Tambi\u00e9n\n\n\n\nse apoy\u00f3 la participaci\u00f3n de organizaciones locales y\norganizaciones lideradas por refugiados, as\u00ed como redes\nregionales como RIADIS, la Red LGBTI sobre Movilidad\nHumana y Red Clamor.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZACI\u00d3N EN ACNUR AM\u00c9RICAS\n\n#### **AGENDA REGIONAL DE LOCALIZACI\u00d3N 2023-2025**\n\n\n\nLa **[agenda regional de localizaci\u00f3n](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A4H-td_SdFYUfPsJSMUFPHzjT-ajB8Km/view)** es un documento\nmarco en el que se destacan las acciones iniciales para la\nregionalizaci\u00f3n de los esfuerzos de Localizaci\u00f3n y resultados\nesperados. Est\u00e1 coordinada por un equipo multifuncional, y\nbasada en consultas continuas con Operaciones. La Agenda\nanima a los equipos de ACNUR en terreno a priorizar las\nacciones en torno a la participaci\u00f3n, la representaci\u00f3n y la\nautonom\u00eda, maximizando la colaboraci\u00f3n y el intercambio\nde capacidades, fortaleciendo la confianza entre los actores\nclaves y mejorando la visibilidad para la sostenibilidad. A trav\u00e9s\nde este documento, se definen l\u00edneas claras de actuaci\u00f3n\nsobre el desarrollo del concepto y para posicionarse como\nl\u00edder en la regi\u00f3n en procesos de localizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n# **1** **2** **3**\n\n\n\n**PROMOVER LA PARTICIPACI\u00d3N,**\n**REPRESENTACI\u00d3N Y AUTONOM\u00cdA**\n**SIGNIFICATIVAS.**\n\n\n**MAXIMIZAR LAS OPORTUNIDADES**\n**Y MINIMIZAR LOS RIESGOS.**\n\n\n**AUMENTAR LA CAPACIDAD DE**\n**IMPLEMENTACI\u00d3N Y LA VISIBILIDAD**\n**PARA PROMOVER LA SOSTENIBILIDAD**\n\n\n\nComo parte del proceso de construcci\u00f3n y revisi\u00f3n de la\nagenda, en octubre de 2023 en la ciudad de Panam\u00e1, tuvo\nlugar un encuentro Regional de Localizaci\u00f3n, que cont\u00f3\ncon la participaci\u00f3n de 20 organizaciones locales de 17\npa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n. Quienes tuvieron la oportunidad de\nrevisar la agenda y proveer insumos para su actualizaci\u00f3n.\nLas principales recomendaciones incluyen la definici\u00f3n de\nplanes de trabajo a nivel nacional con acciones clave para\nalcanzar los objetivos de la agenda y la definici\u00f3n de la\naplicaci\u00f3n local de las prioridades de la agenda.\n\n\n### **LOS OBJETIVOS PARA EL 2024 SON:**\n\n\n- **Fortalecer la participaci\u00f3n significativa de las personas desplazadas y ap\u00e1tridas a nivel nacional, en consonancia**\n**con las necesidades y la visi\u00f3n de las organizaciones locales.**\n\n\n- **Fortalecer y ampliar el mapeo de organizaciones, buscando incluir otras atendiendo a su presencia geogr\u00e1fica,**\n**nacionalidad y naturaleza.**\n\n\n- **Fortalecer las capacidades de las organizaciones en diferentes \u00e1mbitos, considerando el apoyo desde el ACNUR,**\n**de otros actores claves y entre pares.**\n\n\n- **Compartir los logros y metas alcanzadas de la agenda de localizaci\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas.**\n\n\n_\u201cLa verdadera acci\u00f3n humanitaria consiste en estar hombro a hombro con las organizaciones locales, las_\n_comunidades y las personas directamente afectadas por el desplazamiento forzado. Nuestra relaci\u00f3n con_\n_organizaciones locales y comunitarias en las Am\u00e9ricas ha sido la piedra angular de nuestros esfuerzos durante_\n_a\u00f1os. Ahora, mientras buscamos fortalecer nuestra colaboraci\u00f3n con las organizaciones locales, queremos_\n_repensar nuestras estrategias y avanzar, construyendo confianza, compartiendo responsabilidades, fomentando_\n_asociaciones innovadoras y promoviendo m\u00e1s espacios para que puedan hacer o\u00edr sus voces en todo el_\n_hemisferio. Sobre todo, honramos la \u00fanica solicitud que resuena entre los refugiados y las personas desplazadas:_\n_\u2018Nada sobre nosotros, sin nosotros\u2019. Dejemos que sus voces gu\u00eden nuestros pasos\u201d._\n\n\n**Jose Samaniego** _- Director de la Oficina Regional de las Am\u00e9ricas, ACNUR_\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **MAPA DE RLO 2023**\n\nDurante los meses de marzo y junio a trav\u00e9s de una consultor\u00eda\ndesarrollada con la empresa Equilibrium, se realiz\u00f3 un\nproceso de levantamiento de informaci\u00f3n a fin de obtener\nun mapeo de las RLO de nuestra regi\u00f3n y fortalecer los\nv\u00ednculos de ACNUR con organizaciones de diversos niveles,\nnacionalidades y ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica. Se mapearon un\ntotal de 305 RLO, concentradas principalmente en Colombia,\nEcuador, Per\u00fa and Ecuador, que son los pa\u00edses que han\nrecibido m\u00e1s refugiados y migrantes venezolanos en Am\u00e9rica\nLatina y el Caribe. Los principales datos recopilados incluyen:\nLugar de implementaci\u00f3n de la actividad, \u00e1reas de trabajo,\nliderazgos, asociaciones con otras organizaciones, as\u00ed como\nconocimientos sobre los programas de ACNUR.\n\n\nEl mapeo permiti\u00f3 entender mejor a las organizaciones\ncomunitarias y lideradas por refugiados en la regi\u00f3n, de las\nque el 75.4% est\u00e1n registradas y muestran un alto nivel de\nformalizaci\u00f3n, con una alta participaci\u00f3n de mujeres en roles\nde coordinaci\u00f3n. La mayor\u00eda de las organizaciones operan con\nmenos de $2000 anuales, dependiendo de autofinanciamiento\ny enfrentando limitaciones financieras. Adem\u00e1s, la mayor\u00eda de\nestas organizaciones trabajan con menos de 20 empleados\ny voluntarios. Estas organizaciones son actores clave para\nidentificar a personas en alto riesgo de protecci\u00f3n y garantizar\nque la asistencia humanitaria llegue a quienes m\u00e1s la\nnecesitan, ya que sus principales \u00e1reas de trabajo incluyen la\ndefensa de los derechos humanos, el acceso a documentaci\u00f3n\ny servicios b\u00e1sicos, el empoderamiento de g\u00e9nero y el apoyo\na grupos vulnerables, incluyendo mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y\nla comunidad LGBTIQ+. Los servicios proporcionados por\nestas organizaciones tambi\u00e9n benefician a las comunidades\nlocales donde residen refugiados y migrantes. En temas\nde comunicaci\u00f3n, la principal v\u00eda para compartir y recibir\ninformaci\u00f3n es la plataforma de WhatsApp.\n\n\n\n**Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n puede ingresar a:** **[https://bit.ly/4aQQk2p](https://bit.ly/4aQQk2p )**\n\n\n\n\n\nLOCALIZACI\u00d3N EN ACNUR AM\u00c9RICAS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **ACUERDOS DE SUBVENCI\u00d3N**\n\n**Durante el a\u00f1o 2023 se otorgaron un total de USD 72,400 en acuerdos de subvenci\u00f3n a 19 organizaciones en toda**\n**la regi\u00f3n. La operaci\u00f3n de Per\u00fa se destaca aqu\u00ed como una de las de mayor alcance. Adem\u00e1s, se seleccionaron 5**\n**organizaciones para acuerdos especiales de colaboraci\u00f3n en el marco de los Fondos de Innovaci\u00f3n para organizaciones**\n**dirigidas por personas Refugiadas, con un total de m\u00e1s de USD 200,000 que se implementar\u00e1n en 2024.**\n\n##### **PER\u00da**\n\n\n\nLa estrategia de localizaci\u00f3n implementada por ACNUR\nen Per\u00fa tiene como objetivo empoderar a los actores\nlocales, especialmente a las organizaciones basadas en\nla comunidad y lideradas por refugiados, reconociendo\nsu papel crucial como primeros respondedores en\nsituaciones humanitarias. La estrategia implica mejorar la\ncalidad de los servicios de protecci\u00f3n, expandir el alcance\n\n\n\ndentro de las comunidades y fortalecer las competencias\norganizativas y de gesti\u00f3n de recursos. Incluye la creaci\u00f3n\nde una red de organizaciones mapeadas, proporcionando\ncapacitaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica, asesoramiento t\u00e9cnico, apoyo en\nespecie y peque\u00f1as subvenciones para la construcci\u00f3n de\ncapacidades y la implementaci\u00f3n de proyectos.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La estrategia tambi\u00e9n enfatiza el apoyo t\u00e9cnico en los\nprocesos de solicitud de subvenciones y el desarrollo\norganizacional, promoviendo la estandarizaci\u00f3n y\nfacilitando la identificaci\u00f3n de prioridades para lograr la\nautosuficiencia entre las organizaciones apoyadas.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de la estrategia, ACNUR proporciona apoyo\nlog\u00edstico y en especie, oportunidades de capacitaci\u00f3n\ny ha coordinado 9 acuerdos de subvenciones por un\nmonto de USD 34,013 para mejorar las capacidades\norganizativas y la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios.\n\n\n\nLOCALIZACI\u00d3N EN ACNUR AM\u00c9RICAS\n\n\n#### **FORTALECIENDO LA IMPLEMENTACI\u00d3N DE LA** **LOCALIZACI\u00d3N**\n\n##### **ARGENTINA**\n\n\n\nDel 5 al 7 de diciembre, 90 representantes de municipios,\ngobiernos regionales y organizaciones de la sociedad\ncivil se reunieron para compartir experiencias con el fin\nde mejorar la recepci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n de refugiados y\npersonas desplazadas en Argentina.\n\n##### **BRASIL**\n\n\nUn total de 26 Organizaciones Dirigidas por\nRefugiados (RLO) fueron seleccionadas para recibir\nhasta 500 d\u00f3lares del ACNUR para poner en marcha\nsus proyectos de actividades deportivas, art\u00edsticas,\ninformativas y culturales, destinadas a servir a las\ncomunidades de refugiados. Los resultados del\nPrograma Piloto de Peque\u00f1as Subvenciones 2023 del\nACNUR reflejan un hito significativo en la valoraci\u00f3n\nde las RLOs en Brasil.\n\n\n\nEn ese contexto, los representantes de Argentina ofrecieron\nuna exposici\u00f3n por ciudad de la siguiente manera:\n\n\n- **Ciudad de C\u00f3rdoba:** Centro de Atenci\u00f3n para Personas\nMigrantes y Refugiadas (CAPeM - Centro de Atenci\u00f3n\npara Migrantes y Refugiados) dedicado a proporcionar\norientaci\u00f3n y unir esfuerzos con el sector privado para\npromover la inserci\u00f3n laboral.\n\n\n- **Ciudad de Buenos Aires:** Proyecto financiado por\nLoreal - Nosotras Conectadas, para capacitar a mujeres\nen tecnolog\u00eda.\n\n\n- **Ciudad de Mendoza:** Mesa de Gesti\u00f3n de los\nDerechos de los Migrantes, un esfuerzo de coordinaci\u00f3n\npara expandir el alcance de los programas y servicios\nofrecidos a nivel comunitario.\n\n\nEstos eventos fueron una oportunidad para analizar\nconjuntamente la implementaci\u00f3n de la iniciativa\nCiudades Solidarias en preparaci\u00f3n de Cartagena+40.\n\n\nAl dirigir sus esfuerzos hacia proyectos centrados\nen el deporte, las artes y la cultura, las RLO no s\u00f3lo\nhan promovido la participaci\u00f3n comunitaria, sino que\ntambi\u00e9n han fomentado la coexistencia pac\u00edfica y la\nintegraci\u00f3n entre las comunidades de refugiados de\ndiversas nacionalidades y las comunidades de acogida.\nEste programa evidenci\u00f3 un importante cambio en\nla percepci\u00f3n de los RLO, reconoci\u00e9ndolos como\nagentes activos en la construcci\u00f3n de sociedades m\u00e1s\nintegradas y armoniosas.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\n**\u201cHace tiempo que esperamos por esto, que luchamos por tener el derecho a hablar, y hoy podemos traer**\n**propuestas e ideas sobre los refugiados. Entonces, este encuentro es maravilloso\u201d, dijo la refugiada congole\u00f1a**\n**@prudencekalambay, l\u00edder del Centro de la Mujer Inmigrante y Refugiada (CEMIR) de S\u00e3o Paulo.**\n\n\n\nDel 5 al 17 de enero se realiz\u00f3 una reuni\u00f3n presencial\ncon representantes de las 26 organizaciones\nlideradas por refugiados, que marc\u00f3 la conclusi\u00f3n del\nproyecto Small Grants 2023. El objetivo general de la\nreuni\u00f3n fue promover el intercambio de experiencias\ny buenas pr\u00e1cticas entre las 26 organizaciones,\nfortaleciendo las capacidades de estos actores en\nincidencia pol\u00edtica y recaudaci\u00f3n de fondos, con el\nfin de fomentar la participaci\u00f3n de los refugiados en\nla toma de decisiones y la formulaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas\np\u00fablicas. y estimular la sostenibilidad financiera de\nestas organizaciones.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de las diversas sesiones y actividades,\nse identificaron las necesidades y oportunidades\nespec\u00edficas a las que se enfrentan las organizaciones\ndirigidas por refugiados en Brasil, lo cual constituye\nel punto de partida para desarrollar estrategias\ny programas m\u00e1s eficaces para abordar estas\nnecesidades y aprovechar estas oportunidades en el\nfuturo.\n\n\nEste encuentro se desarroll\u00f3 en conjunto con\nlos Ministerios de Justicia, Derechos Humanos y\n\n##### **ECUADOR**\n\n\nACNUR realiz\u00f3 el primer Taller Nacional de\nFortalecimiento para Organizaciones Comunitarias\nlos d\u00edas 12 y 13 de diciembre de 2023. En esta\nactividad participaron 13 organizaciones de\nEsmeraldas, Guayas, Pichincha, Santo Domingo y\nCotopaxi, representando a organizaciones lideradas\npor refugiados (RLO) y organizaciones lideradas\npor mujeres (WLO). La participaci\u00f3n de 14 mujeres\n\n\n\nCiudadan\u00eda, CONARE y Fonacceram, y cont\u00f3 con\nsocios invitados como IMDH, Aldeas Infantiles, SJMR y\nel Ministerio de Desarrollo y Asistencia Social, Familia y\nCombate al Hambre.\n\n\nLos participantes demostraron un fuerte compromiso\ncon la acci\u00f3n y el empoderamiento de sus comunidades.\nSe debatieron y propusieron varias iniciativas y\nactividades concretas para reforzar.\n\n\nl\u00edderes fue esencial y significativa en el taller para\nmostrar su liderazgo, capacidades organizativas y\ncontribuci\u00f3n a sus comunidades. En total, participaron\n18 representantes de organizaciones.\n\n\nEl encuentro permiti\u00f3 identificar espacios de\ncolaboraci\u00f3n con las organizaciones y debatir sus\nexperiencias, fortalezas y oportunidades de mejora,\nprincipalmente en relaci\u00f3n con el acceso humanitario,\nel fortalecimiento del tejido social y comunitario, la\nmitigaci\u00f3n del riesgo de violencia y la contribuci\u00f3n a la\nigualdad de g\u00e9nero y participaci\u00f3n de mujeres y ni\u00f1as\nen la toma de decisiones\n\n\nComo resultado del taller se compilaron las buenas\npr\u00e1cticas de las organizaciones sobre intervenciones\nde materia de prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia, mitigaci\u00f3n\nde riesgo y respuesta a la violencia de g\u00e9nero; el\nreclutamiento forzado y la exacerbaci\u00f3n de la violencia\ncriminal.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **HAITI**\n\nACNUR organiz\u00f3 un entrenamiento de capacitaci\u00f3n\nde cuatro d\u00edas del 07 al 10 de noviembre para 31\nl\u00edderes comunitarios (15 mujeres, 16 hombres) en\nPort-au-Prince, Hait\u00ed, en colaboraci\u00f3n con OHCHR,\nUNFPA y la Direcci\u00f3n General de Protecci\u00f3n Civil del\ngobierno. El entrenamiento se centr\u00f3 en fortalecer la\ncapacidad de los l\u00edderes comunitarios en protecci\u00f3n,\nincluida la protecci\u00f3n basada en la comunidad, la\nviolencia de g\u00e9nero y la protecci\u00f3n de personas\nen movimiento, para aumentar la resiliencia local y\nreducir la exposici\u00f3n de la comunidad a riesgos y el\nuso de estrategias de afrontamiento perjudiciales.\n\n\nAl final del entrenamiento, los l\u00edderes comunitarios\nidentificaron conjuntamente riesgos y amenazas, as\u00ed\ncomo recomendaciones para mejorar la protecci\u00f3n\nbasada en la comunidad, y se unieron a un grupo de\n\n##### **REP\u00daBLICA DOMINICANA**\n\n\nEntre octubre y diciembre de 2023 ACNUR realiz\u00f3\ntres (3) reuniones enfocadas en crear espacios\nde di\u00e1logo e identificaci\u00f3n de oportunidades para\nesfuerzos conjuntos.\n\n\nLas reuniones se realizaron con representantes de\norganizaciones lideradas por y que trabajan con los\nsiguientes grupos:\n\n\n - Ap\u00e1tridas o personas en busca de una soluci\u00f3n de\nnacionalidad.\n\n\n - Refugiados y solicitantes de asilo, y\n\n\n - J\u00f3venes refugiados, solicitantes de asilo y ap\u00e1tridas.\n\n\n\nLOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\nWhatsApp financiado por ACNUR para esta iniciativa,\nque fue coordinada por el Asesor ProCap de OCHA\ntrabajando en la centralidad de la protecci\u00f3n y el\nCoordinador del Grupo de Protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEntre las principales conclusiones de estos espacios se\nidentifica:\n\n\n- Reforzar los canales de comunicaci\u00f3n para garantizar\nla transparencia y la fluidez, as\u00ed como aumentar la\nvisibilidad de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil.\n\n\n- Reuniones continuas y visitas al terreno, as\u00ed como\ntalleres para organizaciones locales sobre c\u00f3mo\nacceder a fondos y recursos. Refuerzo de la capacidad\nde las organizaciones y l\u00edderes locales para buscar\nfondos, movilizar recursos y crear asociaciones.\n\n\n- Ampliaci\u00f3n de los proyectos centrados en los j\u00f3venes,\nrefuerzo del acceso a la informaci\u00f3n, y educaci\u00f3n para\nque puedan acceder a sus derechos. Recomiendan\nla creaci\u00f3n de espacios de di\u00e1logo, y la creaci\u00f3n de\ncanales de comunicaci\u00f3n entre ACNUR y los j\u00f3venes.\n\n\n- **Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n:**\n\n\n**[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n**[urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n**[1bf9dfa7471](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3893d3c3-005a-56ae-a4c2-9cc829bfbbb4/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20AmericasESP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_477/raw/doc_477_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_477/raw/doc_477_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 883cab87625f042ec3dd32b9778abd5e3c2399f6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_477/raw/doc_477_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "There is a great need to empower refugees to take an active role in their various actions, fulfilling the role that\ncorresponds to them in the country where they are located. The UNHCR, as a global organization working with\nrefugees worldwide, has made efforts and allocated resources to create a space for active listening, strengthen ties\nwith refugee-led organizations, and enable more inclusive action while respecting different nationalities, genders,\nand races. [...] It\u2019s a step along a long path, but it\u2019s a step that fills us with hope for better days to come, when refugees\nfrom around the world can enjoy exercising citizenship and human rights as global citizens.\n\n\n**Geraldino \u201cKanhanga\u201d**, Angolan Refugee, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o dos Angolanos e Amigos do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil\n\n### **THE IMPORTANCE OF LOCALIZATION IN THE REGION**\n\n\n\nLocalization is a process that promotes effective\nparticipation and inclusion of local and national actors\nin humanitarian action. It allows us to recognize the\npresence and respect the historical work of local\nactors who traditionally are the first responders to crisis\nsituations, as well as strengthen their independence,\nseeking to ensure adequate responses to the context\nand better address the needs of displaced and stateless\npersons. UNHCR pursues localization and integration\nas a means contributing to sustainable results, while\npromoting local resilience, supporting response capacity,\nand creating strategic partnerships.\n\n\nUNHCR in the Americas aims to strengthen its role in\nsupporting civil society and organizations led by refugees,\ninternally displaced persons, and stateless persons (RLO\nfor its acronym in English) in communities of origin, transit\nand destination, in line with global commitments towards\nmeaningful participation with local actors.\n\n\nEngaging with local communities along mixed movement\nroutes is central to the **route-based approach** proposed\n\n\n\nby UNHCR in the region to strengthen protection and\nsolutions in the context of mixed movements of refugees\nand migrants. Working with local organizations improves\nthe way we identify key routes and areas where\ninterventions are needed the most, and helps promote\nsocioeconomic inclusion, share capacities and advocate\nfor policies that support refugees and migrants.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n### **UNHCR COMMITMENTS TO LOCALIZATION**\n\n\nUNHCR made commitments at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit to \u201cEmpower national and local humanitarian\naction\u201d for localization. Likewise, the New York Declaration and the Global Compact on Refugees emphasized the\nimportance of direct engagement with communities and forcibly displaced persons. In follow-up to these commitments,\nUNHCR participates in Working Group 5 of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), holds regular consultations\nat the local, regional, and global levels with Non-Governmental Organizations, has an Advisory Committee led by\ndisplaced and stateless persons, and continuously reviews its processes for establishing cooperation with local and\nnational partners.\n\n\n**\u2022 GLOBAL COMMITMENTS:** Global Compact and New York Declaration, Grand Bargain and World Humanitarian\nSummit, Consultations with NGOs and IASC Task Team 5.\n\n\n**\u2022 COLLABORATIONS AND PROGRAMS LOCAL AND NATIONAL:** Implementing Partners, Partnership Reform,\nOperational Guidelines on Localization.\n\n\n**\u2022 ORGANIZATIONS LED BY DISPLACED PERSONS AND STATELESS INDIVIDUALS:** Task Team and Advisory\nCouncil, Policy Review and Advisory.\n\n\n**\u2022 WORLD REFUGEE FORUM:** Multilateral Commitment to Drive Localization, Meaningful Refugee Participation.\n\n### **PARTICIPATION IN GLOBAL REFUGEE FORUM**\n\n\n**The participation of organizations led by refugees and displaced persons in the Global Refugee Forum allows**\n**for the direct visibility of lived experiences. If we want to create policies and durable solutions that address the**\n**real needs of refugees, it is essential to strengthen spaces that enable meaningful participation, recognizing the**\n**capacities and competencies of refugees, and opening spaces for consultation and decision-making for actions**\n**that impact our lives.**\n\n\n**Ana Valle, Association of Nicaraguans in Mexico**\n\n\nHeld every four years, the Global Refugee Forum is\nthe world\u2019s largest international gathering on refugees,\ndesigned to support the practical implementation of the\nobjectives set out in the Global Compact on Refugees:\neasing pressures on host countries, enhancing refugee\nself-reliance, increasing access to third-country\nsolutions, and improving conditions in countries of\norigin. In December 2023, 19 refugees and internally\ndisplaced persons from the Americas Region were\nsupported to participate in the event as refugee experts\nand speakers.\n\n\n\nIn preparation for the event, refugees engaged in\nthe preparation of pledges according to their areas\nof interest and previous experiences, providing their\nvaluable input on issues of gender equality, access\nto education, legal counseling, economic inclusion,\nand meaningful engagement. Local organizations and\norganizations led by refugees were also supported to\n\n\n\nparticipate, as well as regional networks like the Latin\nAmerican Network of Non-Governmental Organizations\nof Persons with Disabilities and their Families (RIADIS),\nthe LGBTI Network on Human Mobility, and Red Clamor.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n### **REGIONAL LOCALIZATION AGENDA 2023-2025**\n\n\n\nThe **[regional localization agenda](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A4H-td_SdFYUfPsJSMUFPHzjT-ajB8Km/view)** is a framework document\nthat highlights the initial actions for the regionalization of\nlocalization efforts and expected results. It is coordinated\nby a multifunctional team and based on continuous\nconsultations with Operations. The Agenda encourages\nUNHCR teams in the field to prioritize actions around\nparticipation, representation, and autonomy, maximizing\ncollaboration and capacity exchange, strengthening trust\namong key actors, and improving visibility for sustainability.\nThrough this document, clear lines of action are defined\non the development of the concept and to position as\nleader in the region in localization processes.\n\n\n# **1** **2** **3**\n\n\n\n**PROMOTING MEANINGFUL**\n**PARTICIPATION, REPRESENTATION,**\n**AND AUTONOMY.**\n\n\n**MAXIMIZING OPPORTUNITIES**\n**WHILE MINIMIZING RISKS.**\n\n\n**INCREASING IMPLEMENTATION**\n**CAPACITY AND VISIBILITY TO**\n**PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY**\n\n\n\nAs part of the process of building and revising the agenda,\nin October 2023 in Panama City, a Regional Localization\nMeeting took place, with the participation of 20 local\norganizations from 17 countries in the region. They had\nthe opportunity to review the agenda and provide input\nfor its update. The main recommendations included\ndefining country-level work plans with key actions to\nachieve the agenda objectives and defining the local\napplication of the agenda priorities.\n\n\n### **THE OBJECTIVES FOR 2024 ARE:**\n\n\n- **Strengthen meaningful participation of forcibly displaced and stateless persons at country level, aligned with the**\n**needs and vision of the local organizations.**\n\n\n- **Strengthen and expand the mapping of organizations, seeking to include others considering their geographical**\n**presence, nationality, and nature.**\n\n\n- **Strengthen the capacities of organizations in different areas, considering support from UNHCR, other key actors,**\n**and peer-to-peer support.**\n\n\n- **Share achievements and goals reached in the localization agenda of the Americas.**\n\n\n_\u201cTrue humanitarian action is about standing shoulder to shoulder with local organizations, communities,_\n_and people directly affected by forced displacement. Our partnership with local and community-based_\n_organizations in the Americas has been the cornerstone of our efforts for years. Now, as we aim to strengthen_\n_our collaboration with local organizations, we want to rethink our strategies and move further, building trust,_\n_sharing responsibilities, fostering innovative partnerships, and promoting more spaces for them to raise their_\n_voices across the hemisphere. Above all, we honor the one request echoing from refugees and displaced_\n_persons: \u2018Nothing About Us, Without Us.\u2019 Let their voices guide our steps\u201d._\n\n**Jose Samaniego** _-Director of Regional Bureau of America, UNHCR_\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **RLO MAPPING 2023**\n\nDuring the months of March and June, through a consultancy\ndeveloped with the company Equilibrium, an information\ngathering process was conducted to obtain a mapping\nof RLOs in our region and strengthen UNHCR\u2019s links with\norganizations of various levels, nationalities, and geographical\nlocations. A total of 305 RLOs were mapped, mainly\nconcentrated in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, which are the\nmain countries receiving Venezuelan refugees and migrants\nin Latin America and the Caribbean. The main collected data\nincluded: Place of activity implementation, areas of work,\nleaderships, associations with other organizations, as well as\nknowledge about UNHCR programs.\n\n\nThe mapping allowed us to get a better understanding of\nthe community based and refugee led organizations in the\nregion, of which 75.4% are registered and show a high level\nof formalization. Moreover, there is a large participation\nof women in coordination positions. Most organizations\noperate with less than $2000 USD annually, relying heavily\non self-financing and facing significant financial constraints.\nMoreover, most of these organizations work with fewer\nthan 20 employees and volunteers. The organizations are\nkey actors for identifying persons in heightened protection\nrisk and ensuring humanitarian assistance reaches those\nwho need it the most, as the main areas of work are\nhuman rights advocacy, access to documentation and\nbasic services, gender empowerment and support for\nvulnerable groups, including women, children and the\nLGBTIQ+ community. The services provided by these\norganizations also benefit the local communities where\nrefugees and migrants reside. In terms of communication,\nthe main channel for sharing and receiving information is\nthe WhatsApp platform.\n\n### **GRANTS AGREEMENTS**\n\n\n\n\n\nLOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**For more information, you can visit:** **[https://bit.ly/4aQQk2p](https://bit.ly/4aQQk2p )**\n\n\n\n**During the year 2023, a total of USD 72,400 in grants agreements were awarded to 19 organizations across the**\n**region. The Peru operation is highlighted here as one of those with the widest reach. Additionally, 5 organizations**\n**were selected for special partnership agreements on the framework of Refugee Led Innovation Funds, totaling over**\n**USD 200,000 to be implemented in 2024.**\n\n#### **PERU**\n\n\n\nThe localization strategy implemented by UNHCR\nin Peru aims to empower local actors, especially\ncommunity-based and Refugee-led organizations,\nrecognizing their crucial role as first responders\nin humanitarian situations. The strategy involves\nimproving the quality of protection services, expanding\n\n\n\noutreach within communities, and strengthening\norganizational and resource management skills.\nIt includes the creation of a network of mapped\norganizations, providing specific training, technical\nadvice, in-kind support, and small grants for capacity\nbuilding and project implementation.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RLO MAPPING 2023", - "confidence": 0.990154504776001, - "start": 5, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.5184105038642883, - "start": 71, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9076615571975708, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9143708944320679, - "start": 84, - "end": 88 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Through the strategy, UNHCR provides logistical\nand in-kind support, training opportunities, and has\ncoordinated 9 grant agreements totaling USD 34,013 to\nimprove organizational capacities and service delivery.\nThe strategy also emphasizes technical support\nin grant application processes and organizational\ndevelopment, promoting standardization and\nfacilitating the identification of priorities to achieve\nself-sufficiency among supported organizations.\n\n\n\nLOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\n### **STRENGTHENING LOCALIZATION IMPLEMENTATION**\n\n#### **ARGENTINA**\n\n\n\nFrom December 5th to 7th, 90 representatives from\nmunicipalities, regional governments, and civil society\norganizations gathered to share experiences aimed at\nimproving the reception and integration of refugees\nand displaced persons in Argentina. In this context,\n\n#### **BRAZIL**\n\n\nTwenty-six (26) Refugee-Led Organizations (RLOs)\nwere selected to receive up to $500 from UNHCR\nto start their projects of sports, artistic, informative,\nand cultural activities aimed at serving refugee\ncommunities. The results of the UNHCR\u2019s Small Grants\nPilot Program 2023 reflect a significant milestone in\nthe recognition of RLOs in Brazil.\n\n\n\nrepresentatives from Argentina offered city-specific\npresentations as follows:\n\n\n- **City of C\u00f3rdoba:** Center for Attention to Migrants and\nRefugees (CAPeM - Center for Attention to Migrants\nand Refugees) dedicated to providing guidance and\njoining efforts with the private sector to promote job\nintegration.\n\n\n- **City of Buenos Aires:** Project funded by Loreal Nosotras Conectadas, to train women in technology.\n\n\n- **City of Mendoza:** Management Table for Migrants\u2019\nRights, a coordination effort to expand the reach of\nprograms and services offered at the community level.\n\n\nThese events were an opportunity to jointly analyze\nthe implementation of the Solidarity Cities initiative in\npreparation for Cartagena+40.\n\n\nBy directing their efforts towards projects focused\non sports, arts, and culture, RLOs have not only\npromoted community participation but also fostered\npeaceful coexistence and integration between\nrefugee communities of various nationalities and host\ncommunities. This program evidenced a significant shift\nin the perception of RLOs, recognizing them as active\nagents in building more integrated and harmonious\nsocieties.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\n**\u201cWe have been waiting for this for a long time, fighting for the right to speak, and today we can bring proposals**\n**and ideas about refugees. So, this meeting is wonderful,\u201d said Congolese refugee @prudencekalambay,**\n**leader of the Immigrant and Refugee Women\u2019s Center (CEMIR) in S\u00e3o Paulo.**\n\n\n\nFrom January 5th to 17th, a face-to-face meeting was\nheld with representatives from the 26 Refugee-led\norganizations, marking the conclusion of the Small\nGrants 2023 project. The overall objective of the\nmeeting was to promote the exchange of experiences\nand best practices among the organizations,\nstrengthening their capacities in political advocacy\nand fundraising, with the aim of fostering refugee\nparticipation in decision-making and policy formulation,\nand stimulating the financial sustainability of these\norganizations. Through various sessions and activities,\nspecific needs and opportunities faced by Refugeeled organizations in Brazil were identified, which serve\nas the starting point for developing more effective\nstrategies and programs to address these needs and\nleverage these opportunities in the future.\n\n\nThis meeting was developed in conjunction with the\nMinistries of Justice, Human Rights, and Citizenship,\nCONARE, and Fonacceram, and included invited\npartners such as IMDH, Aldeas Infantiles, SJMR, and\n\n#### **ECUADOR**\n\n\nUNHCR organized the first National Strengthening\nWorkshop for Community Organizations that took\nplace on December 12th and 13th, 2023. Thirteen\norganizations from Esmeraldas, Guayas, Pichincha,\nSanto Domingo, and Cotopaxi participated in this\nactivity, representing refugee-led organizations\n(RLOs) and women-led organizations (WLOs). The\n\n\n\nthe Ministry of Social Development and Assistance,\nFamily and Hunger Combat.\n\n\nParticipants demonstrated a strong commitment to\naction and the empowerment of their communities.\nVarious initiatives and concrete activities were debated\nand proposed to strengthen.\n\n\nparticipation of 14 female leaders was essential\nand significant in the workshop to showcase their\nleadership, organizational capacities, and contributions\nto their communities. In total, 18 representatives from\norganizations participated.\n\n\nThe meeting allowed for the identification of\ncollaboration spaces with the organizations and\nthe discussion of their experiences, strengths, and\nopportunities for improvement, mainly regarding\nhumanitarian access, strengthening the community\nand the society, mitigation the risks of violence, and\ncontribution to gender equality and the participation of\nwomen and girls in decision-making.\n\n\nAs a result of the workshop, good practices of the\norganizations regarding interventions on prevention,\nrisk mitigation and response to gender-based violence;\nforced recruitment and exacerbation of criminal\nviolence, were compiled.\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **HAITI**\n\nUNHCR organized a four-day training workshop from\nNovember 7th to 10th for 31 community leaders (15\nwomen, 16 men) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in collaboration\nwith OHCHR, UNFPA, and the General Directorate\nof Civil Protection of the government. The training\nfocused on strengthening the capacity of community\nleaders in protection, including community-based\nprotection, gender-based violence, and protection of\npersons on the move, to increase local resilience and\nreduce community exposure to risks and the use of\nharmful coping strategies.\n\n\nAt the end of the training, community leaders\ncollectively identified risks and threats, as well as\nrecommendations to improve community-based\nprotection, and joined a WhatsApp group funded by\n\n#### **DOMINICAN REPUBLIC**\n\n\nBetween October to December 2023, UNHCR held\nthree (3) meetings focused on creating dialogue\nspaces and identifying opportunities for joint efforts.\n\n\nThe meetings were held with representatives of\norganizations led by and working with the following\ngroups:\n\n\n - Stateless, or persons in need of a nationality\nsolution,\n\n\n - Refugees and asylum seekers, and\n\n\n - Young refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless\npersons.\n\n\n\nLOCALIZATION IN UNHCR AMERICAS\n\n\nUNHCR for this initiative, which was coordinated by\nthe OCHA ProCap Advisor working on the centrality of\nprotection and the Protection Cluster Coordinator.\n\n\nAmong the main conclusions of these spaces, the\nfollowing are identified:\n\n\n- Reinforce communication channels to ensure\ntransparency and fluidity, as well as increase the\nvisibility of civil society organizations.\n\n\n- Continuous meetings and field visits, as well as\nworkshops for local organizations on accessing funds\nand resources. Strengthening the capacity of local\norganizations and leaders to seek funding, mobilize\nresources, and create partnerships.\n\n\n- Expansion of projects focused on youth, reinforcement\nof access to information, and education so they can\naccess their rights. They recommend creating dialogue\nspaces and establishing communication channels\nbetween UNHCR and youth.\n\n\n- **For more information:**\n\n**[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n**[urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n**[1bf9dfa7471](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:va6c2:a69bdf87-1b63-45f7-bdc9-1bf9dffa7471)**\n\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc4e1b8e-ac7e-529c-9772-b88dca103cdb/Localization%20in%20UNHCR%20Americas.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_478/raw/doc_478_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_478/raw/doc_478_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 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- "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629** **\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629** \u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062e\n\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\n\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0635 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 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\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642\n\n\n\n**5** 2021 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635", - "confidence": 0.6448686122894287, - "start": 344, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646", - "confidence": 0.7867937684059143, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\n\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.720280110836029, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631", - "confidence": 0.5096720457077026, 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\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a", - "confidence": 0.6189640164375305, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0644\n\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0632 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\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.\n\n\n**17** 2021 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631", - "confidence": 0.8822476267814636, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635", - "confidence": 0.6467465758323669, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**18** 2021 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**19** 2021 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e97c4a5-4b8b-323a-8355-94a79630a162/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20p-Arabic-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_479/raw/doc_479_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_479/raw/doc_479_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 28d561d07e66373fd164e1001ef411e6e34abb6e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_479/raw/doc_479_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy** **Development, and Programming:** Protection in Mixed Movements along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021\n\n\n### **Synthesis**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cover photo credit:**\n\u00a9 MMC / Kawakb Almaloumat Company / 2020\n\n\n**2** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\nIn February 2021, the Mixed Migration Centre (MMC)\npartnered with the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR) to organise a virtual Policy\nWorkshop on Protection Challenges on the Central\nand Western Mediterranean Migration Routes. The\nworkshop brought together a diverse group of 41\nparticipants, including researchers, humanitarian and\ndevelopment programming partners, policy actors and\npeople with a displacement experience from North,\nWest, East and the Horn of Africa as well as Europe\nand North America. Over the course of three days,\nparticipants actively engaged in identifying persistent\nchallenges and gaps and sharing their experiences\nand lessons learned on how to enhance the protection\nof refugees and migrants in mixed movements (also\nreferred to as \u201cpeople on the move\u201d).\n\n\nDiscussions around humane asylum and migration\npolicies affecting people on the move are as timely as\never. We still witness grave abuses along the various\nmixed movement routes towards the Mediterranean\nCoast. On a daily basis, people intercepted at sea are\nbrought back to Libya, with many ending up in detention\nand in horrific conditions. In July 2020, UNHCR and MMC\nlaunched a joint report, offering compelling evidence on\nthe scale of violations faced by refugees and migrants\nengaged in mixed movement, where these violations\nare happening and who the perpetrators are. [1] Such\nreliable data are needed as a first step towards effective\naction, and more humane and smarter approaches to\nstrengthen protection in mixed movements.\n\n\nThis brief presents the key recommendations arising\nfrom 25 research papers and firsthand experiences\naimed at informing policy, programming and advocacy,\npresented at the policy workshop and published in\nthe extended volume resulting from the workshop:\n\u201cA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development and\nProgramming: Protection in Mixed Movements along\nthe Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021.\u201d\nThe recommendations herein also stem from workshop\ndiscussions and debates and have been validated by all\nworkshop participants.\n\n\n\nThis synthesis aims to be a **roadmap for strategic**\n**engagement** with different asylum and migration\nstakeholders at local, national and international\nlevels. It offers concrete ways forward for a number of\nissue-areas key to the protection of people on the move:\nthe important role of local authorities and communitybased approaches to protection, the need for a stronger\nfocus on children and youth on the move, and more\nsustainable approaches to combatting trafficking in\npersons, to name a few.\n\n\nWith the intention to be a more effective call to action,\nthis roadmap includes observations and voices of people\nwho have experienced some form of displacement\nalong the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes.\nRefugees and persons of concern must stand at the\nfront lines of research and ideas for change, as both\nsubjects and investigators. Together with them and all\nparticipants of the workshop, we hope that this report\nwill stimulate concrete action for improving protection\nfor all people on the move.\n\n\n\n1 UNHCR and MMC (2020). [\u2018On this journey, no one cares if you live or die\u2019. Abuse, protection and justice along routes between East and West](https://mixedmigration.org/resource/on-this-journey-no-one-cares-if-you-live-or-die/)\n[Africa and Africa\u2019s Mediterranean Coast.](https://mixedmigration.org/resource/on-this-journey-no-one-cares-if-you-live-or-die/)\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy** **Development and Programming on** **Protection in Mixed Movements**\n\nThis synthesis is a roadmap for strategic engagement\nwith different asylum and migration stakeholders at the\nlocal, national and international levels. It is a call to action\nwhich provides tailored recommendations to improve the\nprotection of refugees and migrants in mixed movements\nalong the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes\n(CMR and WMR).\n\n\n**4** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Systemic or contextual factors are the broader geopolitical,\neconomic, ideological and social forces \u2013 among others \u2013\nthat impact and determine the experiences and decisionmaking of people on the move, as well as the ability of\nprotection actors to design and implement effective\ninterventions. Without an understanding of what these\nforces are and how they impact persons of concern,\npolicies and programming will fail to be sustainable and\nmay result in unintended consequences for people on the\nmove along the CMR and WMR.\n\n\n- **Stakeholders** **working** **on** **counter-trafficking**\n**programme design** or with survivors of trafficking\nshould work together with **researchers** **and**\n**academics** to identify structural factors that lead to\ntrafficking in persons. Understanding from a holistic\nperspective how socio-cultural norms, gender norms,\npoverty and household livelihood strategies, on the\none hand, and labour markets, rights regimes and\nlimited legal pathways for movement, on the other,\naffect the cycle of trafficking is key for designing\ndurable counter-trafficking interventions.\n\n\n- **Policy makers** should ensure that \u201cpolicy regions,\u201d\nsuch as those established by the Khartoum and\nRabat Processes, capture and respond to actual\nmovement patterns and dynamics, which often cross\nregions in non-linear ways. Within this sphere, these\n\n\n\nactors should be prompted to consider how particular\nlabels have conditioned their understandings of\nand responses in these regions (e.g. focusing on\n\u201cmixed movement\u201d in the Horn of Africa and \u201clabour\nmigration\u201d in the Arabian Gulf despite high degrees\nof interconnectedness). In other words, all intra- and\ninter-regional patterns of movement, even beyond\nthe defined geographies of specific regions, should\nbe considered in policy processes, to ensure that\nthe drivers of movement are fully understood and\nreflected in informing policy decisions.\n\n\n - Without increased legal pathways for regular and\nsafe movements and the adoption or implementation\nof national protection frameworks in all countries on\nthese routes, smuggling will inevitably continue to\nexist and flourish with impunity. **Policy actors** should\nconsider multi-faceted approaches to disincentivise\nsmuggling activities, which include working together\nwith **researchers and academics** to understand how\ncommunity and society-level factors impact human\nsmuggling. In Agadez, Niger, programmes around\ndemobilisation and amnesty have aimed at fostering\nopportunities in the formal economy and at disrupting\nsmuggling and trafficking activities. So far, this has\nbeen met with mixed results, and such approaches\nshould form an area of future research to better\nunderstand potential good practices.\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is not always evident who the most vulnerable are\namong people on the move along the CMR and WMR.\nThe vulnerability of persons of concern heightens\nthe longer they spend in transit: they are exposed to\ndifferent forms of extortion and abuse, severe resource\nconstraints and physical and mental stress, to name just\na few. In addition, shifts in irregular routes, fluctuating\nconflict dynamics, economic volatility and, not least, the\ncontinuing effects of the COVID-19 health crisis, can\nsuddenly change the needs, decisions and locations of\npersons of concern.\n\n\n- **Encourage donor agencies** to design calls for\nproposals and fund projects that provide for\nflexible programming and adaptations to emerging\ncrisis contexts. In turn, it is key that donors and\nprogramming actors work with researchers in the\nfield to understand shifts in context. Particularly a\nshift in terms of needs, intentions and aspirations\nspurred by the outbreak and continuing impact of\nCOVID-19 is a key contextual change in all mixed\nmovement contexts across the regions.\n\n\n- Improve the capacities of **national and local**\n**authorities, including border guards**, to identify\nvulnerable people on the move at borders and other\npoints of entry, and to provide documentation and\nregistration facilities for vulnerable individuals unable\nto call on their country of nationality or habitual\nresidence. Increase the presence and coordination\nof **protection personnel** in dangerous border areas,\n\n\n\nspecifically on child protection and trafficking in\npersons.\n\n\n- **Protection actors** should improve cross-sectoral\ncoordination and information-sharing, specifically\nin key mixed movement hubs and gathering points,\nwhilst always respecting the human rights of the\ndata subject and the humanitarian principle of \u2018do no\ndigital harm\u2019. As part of these coordination efforts,\n**actors as well as beneficiaries** should have a clear\nunderstanding of who does what, how and where.\nGreater and more systematic usage of tools such\nas the \u201c4Ws\u201d and forums, including mixed migration\nworking groups (MMWG) or migrant and refugee\nplatforms (MRP), would assist in these efforts.\n\n\n- Within the context of flexible and effective\nprogramming, **national authorities** should enable\n**programming actors** to directly fund, support,\npartner and coordinate with **local authorities and**\n**community-based organisations** .\n\n\n- **Protection actors, policy makers as well as local**\n**authorities or community liaisons** should widen\ntheir scope, taking into consideration abuses and\nviolations that occur along mixed movement routes\nand through people on the move\u2019s interactions with\nsmugglers, particularly in key countries along mixed\nmovement routes such as Libya, Niger and Sudan;\nand not solely focus on abuses in countries of origin.\nProtection is a continuous framework.\n\n\n\n**6** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Community-based approaches can serve as catalysts\nfor national and regional legal developments, including\nasylum and migration legislation. While achieving broad\npolicy change can take time, success often depends on\nthe political will fostered by civil society. When inclusive\npractices are in place at the local level to enhance\nprotection for people in mixed movements, bridging\nsuch legal gaps on a national level might become more\ntangible and politically acceptable.\n\n\n- Inter- and intra-regional and university-to-university\ninitiatives have sought to strengthen the dialogue on\nproviding protection to people in mixed movements,\noften in the form of **alternative or complementary**\n**protection pathways**, including for higher education\nmigration. Local authorities are key actors in this\neffort, brokering relationships with **higher education**\n**institutions** and showing how their communities can\nbe enriched through such partnerships.\n\n\n\n\n- International actors as well as national and local\nauthorities should invest in the creation of **local**\n**public or semi-public agencies** that can function\nas one-stop shops, training staff in human rights\nprinciples. States should protect the right to asylum,\nand disseminate information on rights and access to\nservices in languages spoken by people on the move.\n\n\n- **National authorities** should involve their local\ncounterparts and civil society initiatives in the\nplanning and implementation of policies responding\nto mixed movements. **International organisations**\n**and UN agencies, including development actors**\n**through** **their** **engagement** **in** **local** **service**\n**planning**, should be further encouraged to engage\nwith **local authorities** to advocate for their inclusion\nin the planning and implementation in these policy\nprocesses.\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In North Africa, where countries are places of origin,\ntransit and destination, local authorities often do not\nhave the legal authority to respond, regulate and manage\nthe presence and stay of people on the move transiting\nor settling in their communities. Against this backdrop, a\nnumber of municipalities across the region, such as in Sfax\nin Tunisia and Oujda in Morocco, have taken a pro-active\nstance towards socio-economic inclusion, going beyond\ntheir legal responsibilities, recognising that policies\nwhich exclude provisions for refugees and migrants\nlead to segregation and impede durable solutions. Good\npractices exist of cities exchanging information and\nlessons-learned on socio-economic inclusion like the\nInternational Centre for Migration Policy Development\n(ICMPD)\u2019s Mediterranean City-to-City Migration Project\n(MC2CM), the Mayors Migration Council and UNHCR\u2019s\nCities Network.\n\n\n- An extension of some actionable responsibilities from\n**national to local authorities, and better cooperation**\n**between the two**, could help overcome current asylum\nand migration governance stalemates, translating\nnational policies into workable local outcomes.\n\n\n- Foster a community-based approach aimed at\nbuilding trust between persons of concern and their\n**local authorities** and **service providers** . This includes\nmaking information and asylum documentation\navailable in languages other than Arabic, English\nand French, and offering interpretation services\nwhere needed.\n\n\n\n\n- Develop **multi-level partnerships** that engage a\nrange of stakeholders, from **local authorities to the**\n**private sector**, to increase the resilience and agility\nof communities to respond to crises. Partner with\ndevelopment actors who hold experience in operating\nand investing in local communities.\n\n\n- **Active** **engagement** **among** **local** **authorities**\nto strengthen their information-sharing ( **whilst**\n**upholding data protection principles** ), especially on\nthe adaptation of innovative approaches to hosting\npeople on the move. Information-sharing could\npromote coordination around more equitable burden\nand responsibility-sharing.\n\n\n- Foster solidarity between **host communities** and\npeople on the move to promote social inclusion and\ncombat discrimination and xenophobia, which\nappeared to experience a resurgence during the\nCOVID-19 pandemic in some countries along the\nCMR and WMR.\n\n\n- Increase opportunities on education and training\nfor **local stakeholders** working on issues of sexual\nviolence and discrimination, gender-based violence,\ntrafficking, torture and forced labour, to name a few.\n\n\n\n**8** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Counter-trafficking programming often targets the\nprosecution of perpetrators and protection of victims\nthrough a retro-active approach, leaving aside\nmore difficult-to-design, pro-active prevention and\nidentification activities. When counter-trafficking\ninterventions occur, they tend to be short-term, do\nnot address the societal issues that contributed to\nthe process of trafficking, and lack cross-country and\ncross-regional coordination mechanisms. As a result,\nvictims remain vulnerable to re-trafficking, and exposure\nto new instances of trafficking and other protection\nviolations continues.\n\n\n- Bolster **support for programming** to identify victims\nand potential victims of trafficking, as well as their\ncommunities at risk, to better understand what factors\nat the individual and community levels make people\nvulnerable to being trafficked. As part of such efforts,\ndesign activities aimed at building trust between\n**local authorities** and victims and potential victims\nof trafficking.\n\n\n\n\n- Enhance coordination among programmes and\n**programming stakeholders at local, national and**\n**intra-regional levels**, and in key cities along the CMR\nand WMR, in particular in the identification of victims\nand potential victims of trafficking.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Civil society, non-governmental organisations**\n**(NGOs) and local authorities** should coordinate\non enacting long-term monitoring and follow-ups\nwith survivors returning and reintegrating into home\ncommunities to assess the risk of re-trafficking,\nstigmatisation and alienation, and should ensure\nsurvivors\u2019 continued access to basic services.\n\n\n- **UN agencies and governments** should support\nthe resettlement of victims of trafficking when\nrepatriation might not provide adequate protection,\nespecially if trafficking is persistent within the\ncommunity in question.\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "National, regional and international policies and\nframeworks do little to distinguish between the varied\nroles of different actors within human smuggling\nnetworks and the implications for criminal law and\nprosecutions. Human smuggling is often subject to\nblanket criminalisation; and there is limited research on the\ndiversity in profiles of smugglers, and the demographic,\neconomic and social factors that lead to the formation of\nsmuggling networks and on the individuals seeking out\nsmugglers. Conceptual lines are blurred when smugglers\nshare the same identities and experiences as those who\nare being smuggled, or when the wide range of activities\nthat support the organised, irregular movement of people\nmake it difficult to distinguish where smuggling activities\nstart and where they end.\n\n\n\n\n- **State authorities, international non-governmental**\n**organisations (INGOs) and UN agencies** should\nwork together with researchers and academics\nto understand how \u2018\u2018recruiting smugglers\u2019\u2019 target\nrefugees and migrants, to inform people on the move\non awareness-raising initiatives on smuggling, for\ninstance in camps in Eastern Sudan and in contexts\nof urban displacement in countries of first asylum and\nmigration where recruiters operate.\n\n\n- **Authorities and local security forces** should\nprioritise finding alternatives to policies and practices\nfocused on containment or extra-territorialisation,\nsuch as in the case of Libya through the detention\nand interception at sea of people on the move. These\nmeasures can unintentionally fuel the demand for\nsmuggling or incentivise smugglers to use more\nprecarious routes, increasing the exposure of people\non the move to protection incidents.\n\n\n\n**10** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Forced displacement and mobility may be due to\nprotection risks in the country of origin or asylum, or be\na part of the coping strategies of children and youth,\nand their attempts to seek out educational and other\nopportunities not available in their home countries\naffected by conflict and crisis. At the same time, children\nand youth may experience protection violations while\ntravelling along precarious, irregular routes and age\ncategories used by protection actors may be misaligned\nwith their needs. In extreme cases, as exemplified in the\ndetention of children and youth on the move in Libya,\nchildren may transition to the age of adulthood while\nexperiencing grave protection violations, and because of\na lack of services for young people, may lose access to\nservices they are heavily reliant on.\n\n\n- **NGOs and UN agencies** should increase their\nvulnerability screening and monitoring of children on\nthe move, who should not be discriminated against\non the basis of their nationality and migration status,\nand ensure that those who are underserved benefit\nfrom specific outreach and inclusion efforts.\n\n\n\n\n- **NGOs, UN agencies and civil society organisations**\nshould develop more programming for youth up to\nthe age of 25 to ensure that when children reach the\nage of 18, they do not face new risks from no longer\nbeing able to access certain forms of assistance while\nstill being in need.\n\n\n- **Work towards alternative pathways** for those who\nare unable or do not want to return home, especially\nfor those who have no prospect of being able to settle\nin their current locations. This includes putting in\nplace the Best Interest Procedure (BIP) for children\nand protection case management to meet the needs\nof children and others on the move.\n\n\n- **Humanitarian actors** should explore alternative care\nand accommodation options for children and youth\non the move in crisis or in conflict situations where\nthere is no access to return or resettlement \u2013 including\nproviding greater opportunities for foster care or, in\nthe case of Libya, opening shelters for those with\nspecific protection needs, and supporting individuals\nor groups living outside shelters.\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "People on the move often face widespread abuses and\nare disproportionately affected by protection incidents,\nas perpetrators are well aware of their vulnerability,\nlack of support networks and inability to seek justice\nand redress. Until states adopt legal frameworks that\noffer protection to refugees and migrants, and move\naway from criminalising irregular migrants, people on\nthe move will continue to be exposed to heightened\nprotection risks.\n\n\n- The **international community** should continue to\nadvocate for the improvement of the protection space\nin national jurisdictions along the routes. This requires\nstrong, coordinated and high-level engagement with\nthe authorities and stakeholders (including those with\nde facto effective control of territory), at both national\nand local levels.\n\n\n- **International and national humanitarian actors**\nshould improve their coordination around a joint\nadvocacy response, such as on interceptions at sea\noff the Libyan coast and arbitrary deportations taking\nplace from countries along the routes (for example\nfrom Libya and Algeria).\n\n\n- When there is a lack of legal safeguards for people\non the move, **international organisations** should\nadvocate with authorities to establish safe spaces for\n\n\n\nrefugees and migrants, and develop alternatives to\narbitrary detention.\n\n\n- Engage in a policy dialogue with authorities on\na human rights-centered approach to migration\nmanagement. This includes taking an integrated\napproach to search-and-rescue, which involves\nadherence to human rights as well as to maritime\nlaw by **States, private actors (such as NGOs**\n**and** **shipping** **companies)** **and** **international**\n**organisations** .\n\n\n- The **international community** should clarify and\nformalise rules for disembarkation, and avoid using\ndelayed disembarkation as a lobbying tactic for\nresponsibility-sharing.\n\n\n- The **private sector, including shipping companies**,\nshould use their individual and collective bargaining\npower to pressure States to improve the regulation\nof search-and-rescue, and to ensure the swift and\nsafe disembarkation of all rescued persons in a place\nof safety. At the same time, their practices need to\nbe monitored to ensure their compliance with legal\nobligations, forming part of an integrated approach\nfollowed by all stakeholders involving adherence to\nhuman rights principles, due diligence obligations, as\nwell as law of the sea requirements.\n\n\n\n**12** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **Policy and programme actors** should work together\nwith **researchers and academics** to ensure the timely\nintegration of evidence and research throughout all\nstages of policy and programming cycles, particularly\non the political, economic, social and environmental\nmacro-level factors impacting the protection of\npeople on the move.\n\n\n- Support **evidence and research** on the different roles\nplayed by individuals involved in human smuggling\nnetworks (e.g. as recruiters, intermediaries or\ntransporters) and their interactions with people on\nthe move to contribute to policies that move beyond\nsimplistic labels for smugglers that do not take into\n\n\n\naccount a diversity in profiles. While some smugglers\nare committing sanctionable abuses and grave\nprotection violations, not all smugglers or smuggling\nintermediaries are committing such abuses.\n\n\n- **Researchers and academics** should increase the\nevidence base on the characteristics of children\nin mixed movements and their strategic decisionmaking and aspirations and **engage protection**\n**organisations** working with children and youth to\ninform their programming.\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Acknowledgements**\n\n**Suggested citation:** _MMC and UNHCR (Eds.). (2021). A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming:_\n_Protection in Mixed Movements along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021_ . Mixed Migration Centre\nand United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Available at:\n[http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/road-map-2021/](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/road-map-2021/)\n\n\n**Lead Editors:** Dr. Ayla Bonfiglio (MMC), Edward O\u2019Dwyer (UNHCR), Jim van Moorsel (MMC), Fergus Peace (UNHCR)\n\n\n**Peer Review Committee:** Dr. Ayla Bonfiglio (MMC), Dr. Georgia Cole (University of Edinburgh), Rachel Criswell\n(UNHCR), Prof. Geoff Gilbert (University of Essex), Jim van Moorsel (MMC), Ana-Maria Murphy-Teixidor (MMC), Edward\nO\u2019Dwyer (UNHCR), Fergus Peace (UNHCR), Claire Simmons (University of Essex)\n\n\n**Authors, contributors and expert respondents:**\n\n\n\nVincent Cochetel\nSpecial Envoy for the Central\nMediterranean Situation,\nUNHCR\n\n\nJohanna B\u00f6gel\nAdvisor to GIZ East\nAfrica, Better Migration\nManagement (BMM)\nProgramme\n\n\nJos\u00e9 Dogma Tebou\n4Mi Monitor in Tunis, MMC\nNorth Africa\n\n\n\nBram Frouws\nHead of the Mixed Migration\nCentre\n\n\nDalmar Hamid\nRefugee Researcher,\nInternational Institute for\nSocial Studies, Erasmus\nUniversity (Rotterdam)\n\n\nProf. Odessa\nGonzalez Benson\nUniversity of Michigan\n\n\n\nJoost Klarenbeek,\nSpecial Envoy for\nMigration, The Netherlands\n\n\nProf. Ryszard Piotrowicz\nProfessor of Law, Aberystwyth\nUniversity; Council of\nEurope\u2019s Group of Experts on\nAction against Trafficking in\nHuman Beings, member from\n2013-2020\n\n\nBader Albader\nDoctoral Student, University\nof Michigan College of Urban\nPlanning\n\n\n\nSarah Elliott,\nLegal Officer, UNHCR\n\n\nMarzia Rango\nData Innovation & CapacityBuilding Coordinator, Global\nMigration Data & Analysis\nCentre (GMDAC), IOM\n\n\nImed Soltani\nPresident, Association La\nTerre pour Tous\n\n\n\nMegan Denise\nSmith, Gender-Based\nViolence Officer, IOM\n\n\nAna-Maria\nMurphy-Teixidor\nResearch Specialist, MMC\nNorth Africa\n\n\nMarwen Saidi\nVolunteer, Association La\nTerre Pour Tous\n\n\n\n**14** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Gemma Baccini,\nVolunteer, Association La\nTerre Pour Tous\n\n\nYadh Bousselmi\nTunisia Country\nRepresentative and Regional\nProgram Advisor, DRC\n\n\nHanane Mansour\nResearch Center in Applied\nEconomics for Development\n(CREAD)\n\n\nJulia Uyttewaal\nLead Researcher and\nManager, Center for Human\nRights, Gender and Migration,\nWashington University in\nSt. Louis\n\n\nVerena Sattler\nProgramme Support Officer\n(Migrant\nProtection and\nAssistance), IOM\n\n\n\nDr. Ayla Bonfiglio,\nMMC Regional Coordinator\nNorth Africa\n\n\nProf. Hassen Boubakri\nUniversity of Sousse,\nPresident of the Tunis Center\nfor Migration and Asylum\n(CeTuMa)\n\n\nAbderazaq Ouiam\nMoroccan Organisation for\nHuman Rights (OMDH)\n\n\nAna Bel\u00e9n\nAnguita Arjoana\nSenior Community Protection\nand Mixed Movements Officer\n\n\nTeona Aslanishvili\nChild Protection Specialist &\nChildren on the Move Focal\nPoint, UNICEF MENA\n\n\n\nH.E. Amira El Fadil,\nCommissioner of Social\nAffairs, African Union\nCommission\n\n\nProf. Amira Ahmed\nAmerican University of Cairo\n\n\nHamissou\nAlasane Ibrahim\nMigration Manager, NGO\nJeunesse-Enfance-MigrationD\u00e9veloppement (Niger)\n\n\nDr. Leander Kandilige\nSenior Lecturer, Centre for\nMigration Studies, University\nof Ghana\n\n\nIolanda Genovese\nMigration Research Officer,\nUNICEF Office of Research \u2013\nInnocenti\n\n\n\nCiss\u00e9 Mariama\nMohamed,\nDirector for Social Affairs,\nAfrican Union\n\n\nKhaled Menna\nEconomist Senior Research,\nResearch Center in Applied\nEconomics for Development\n(CREAD, Algiers)\n\n\nDr. Catherine Duric\nMigration Programme Team\nLeader, Conflict, Security\n& Migration Department\nForeign, Commonweath &\nDevelopment Office (FCDO)\n\n\nPauline Vidal\nResearch Manager \u2013 IMREF,\nSEEFAR\n\n\nLaetitia Bader\nHorn of Africa Director,\nHuman Rights Watch\n\n\n\nJim van Moorsel,\nResearch & Reporting Officer,\nMMC North Africa\n\n\nSoumia Bouchouk\nResearch Support Engineer,\nResearch Center in Applied\nEconomics for Development\n(CREAD)\n\n\nProf. Kim Thuy\nSeelinger\nDirector, Center for Human\nRights, Gender and Migration,\nWashington University in\nSt. Louis\n\n\nBenedetta\nFrancesca Cordaro\nInformation Management\n(Counter-Trafficking in\nEmergencies), IOM\n\n\nDanielle Botti\nMMC Manager \u2013 East Africa\nand Yemen\n\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Edward O\u2019Dwyer\nSenior Policy Advisor, OSE,\nUNHCR\n\n\nJanina St\u00fcrner\nResearch Fellow, University\nof Nuremberg\n\n\nFaras Ghani\nDigital Editor, Al Jazeera\n\n\n\nDr. Kuda Vanyoro\nPost-Doc Researcher,\nACMS, University of the\nWitwatersrand\n\n\nLionel Nzamba\nMigration Officer, United\nCities and Local Governments\n(UCLG) of Africa\n\n\nDr. Jean-Pierre Gauci\nArthur Watts Senior\nResearch Fellow, British\nInstitute of International and\nComparative Law (BIICL),\nDirector of the People for\nChange Foundation (Malta)\n\n\n\nNicholas Maple,\nPost-Doc Researcher,\nACMS, University of the\nWitwatersrand\n\n\nService Global 4 (Migration\nDivision)\n\n\nNahom Gebremeskel\n4Mi Monitor in M\u00e9denine,\nMMC North Africa\n\n\n\nAmera Markous,\nLibya Team Leader, MMC\nNorth Africa\n\n\nLucie Eches\nProtection Activity Manager\nMisrata, MSF France\n\n\nSylvain Astier\nDelegate for Migration Libya\nand North Africa, Embassy of\nSwitzerland in Tunisia\n\n\n\nDr. Georgia Cole\nChancellor\u2019s Fellow, School of\nSocial and Political Sciences,\nUniversity of Edinburgh\n\n\nManon Radosta\nAdvocacy Coordinator, Libya\nINGO Forum\n\n\n## **Additional authors:**\n\n**Vasileia Digidiki**, Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University\n**Jacqueline Bhabha**, Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University\n**Abhishek Bhatia**, Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University\n**Samuel Peisch**, Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University\n**Dr. Lucy Hovil**, Research Consultant, UNICEF Office of Research \u2013 Innocenti\n**Mark Gill**, Research Consultant, UNICEF Office of Research \u2013 Innocenti\n**Prof. Jo Vearey**, Director, African Centre for Migration and Society (ACMS), University of the Witwatersrand\n**Annalisa Camilli**, Journalist, Internazionale\n**Idel Hanley**, Research Fellow, BIICL\n\n\n**Coordination and management:** Rim Hajri (MMC) and Jim van Moorsel (MMC)\n**Copy-editing and proof reading:** Johanna Morden\n**Layout and design:** Rim Hajri (MMC), Jaycom Creative Agency, and Simon Pegler\n\n\n**16** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The editors would like to thank all of the workshop\nparticipants who contributed their time and expertise\nin the compilation of this roadmap. We are grateful to\nRoberto Forin (MMC) and Bram Frouws (MMC) for their\nfeedback to sections of this volume, as well as Eline\nvan Oosterhout (Radboud University, The Netherlands).\nRachel Criswell (UNHCR) provided invaluable support\nat every stage of the design and implementation of the\nworkshop and this volume. We are also grateful to the\nUNHCR colleagues in Regional Bureaux and in Geneva\nwho supported the planning of the workshop which led to\nthis volume, including Ana Bel\u00e9n Anguita Arjona, Patrice\nDossou, Markus Topp, Allehone Abebe, Jeanette Zuefle,\nNina Schrepfer, Michele Cavinato and Madeline Garlick.\nWe are of course especially grateful to all the people on\nthe move who have taken the time to share their stories,\nwhich allow us to better understand their movements,\nadvocate for their rights and contribute to better policies\nand responses.\n\n\n\n**Disclaimer:** This publication serves as a synthesis and\ndoes not aim to be fully exhaustive of all recommendations\npresented in the \u201cA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy\nDevelopment and Programming on Protection in\nMixed Movements\u201d available [here. Moreover, the](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/road-map-2021/)\nrecommendations set out here do not necessarily reflect\nthe official policy or position of the Mixed Migration Centre\n(MMC), the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) nor the United\nNations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\n\n\n\n**Note on terminology:** In light of the partnership between UNHCR and MMC in publishing the volume based\non the policy workshop, the term \u2018mixed movement\u2019 is used. MMC applies the term \u201cmixed migration\u201d to refer\nto cross-border movements of people including refugees fleeing persecution and conflict, victims of trafficking\nand people seeking better lives and opportunities. See MMC\u2019s full definition [here. UNHCR applies the term](https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/terminology_MMC-en-fr.pdf)\n\u201cmixed movement,\u201d defined as: The cross-border movement of people, generally in an irregular manner,\ninvolving individuals and groups who travel alongside each other, using similar routes and means of transport\nor facilitators, but for different reasons. People travelling as part of mixed movements have different needs\nand profiles, and may include asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of trafficking, unaccompanied or separated\nchildren, stateless persons and migrants (including migrants in irregular situations or migrants in vulnerable\nsituations). See more on UNHCR\u2019s approach to mixed movements [here. In light of the partnership between](https://www.unhcr.org/en/asylum-and-migration.html)\nUNHCR and MMC in publishing this synthesis based on the policy workshop, the term \u201cmixed movement\u201d is used.\n\n\nThe movement of refugees and migrants along the Central and Western Mediterranean routes, from\nsub-Saharan Africa to North Africa and onwards to Europe, often encompassing a multitude of step-wise,\ncircular and return movements, is a longstanding, historic phenomenon. Driven by persecution, insecurity\nand conflict, and socioeconomic instability and stagnation in their home countries, and seeking better lives\nand opportunities elsewhere, thousands of people continue annually to risk their lives on dangerous, irregular\njourneys by land and sea on the routes, or use the limited legal pathways that are available, such as visa-free\nentry to countries like Morocco and Tunisia.\n\n\nA Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**18** A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming - Synthesis **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**About the Mixed Migration Centre (MMC)**\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) is a leading\nsource for independent and high-quality data,\ninformation, research and analysis on mixed\nmigration. Through the provision of credible\nevidence and expertise on mixed migration, MMC\naims to support agencies, policy makers and\npractitioners to make well-informed decisions,\nto positively impact global and regional\nmigration policies, to contribute to protection\nand assistance responses for people on the move\nand to stimulate forward thinking in the sector\nresponding to mixed migration.\n\n\nThe MMC is part of, and governed by, the Danish\nRefugee Council (DRC). While its institutional\nlink to DRC ensures MMC\u2019s work is grounded\nin operational reality, it acts as an independent\nsource of data, research, analysis and policy\ndevelopment on mixed migration for policy\nmakers, practitioners, journalists, and the broader\nhumanitarian sector.\n\n\n**Connect with us:**\n\n\n**[mixedmigration.org](http://www.mixedmigration.org/)**\n\n\n[north-africa@mixedmigration.org](mailto:north-africa%40mixedmigration.org?subject=Enquiry%20from%20UNHCR-MMC%20Policy%20Workshop)\n\n\n\n**About the United Nations High Commissioner**\n**for Refugees (UNHCR)**\n\n\nThe United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR) \u2014 the UN Refugee Agency,\nis a global organization dedicated to saving lives,\nprotecting rights and building a better future\nfor refugees, forcibly displaced communities\nand stateless people. UNHCR works in over\n130 countries, protecting millions of people\nand delivering life-saving assistance. UNHCR\nhelps safeguard fundamental human rights and\ndevelops solutions that ensure that people have\na safe place to call home where they can build a\nbetter future.\n\n\n**Connect with us:**\n\n\n**[unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea0f7adb-6164-3733-9637-c1aa18cc6533/MMC-UNHCR-SYNTHESIS-Roadmap-A4-20pp-web.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_48/raw/doc_48_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_48/raw/doc_48_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 48553fc0637e022040fd0de08ab872a277e61143..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_48/raw/doc_48_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Expert Meeting on Alternative Care and Guardianship for Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC) in Bulgaria\n\n##### January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n##### CONTENTS\n\n\n**PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS .............................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... 3**\n\n\n**BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 4**\n\n\n**MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL POLICY POSITIONS ............................................. 6**\n\n\n**DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................... 8**\n\n\n**1.** **On Alternative Care ......................................................................................................... 8**\n\n\nBackground ........................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nChallenges .......................................................................................................................................... 10\n\n\nRecommendations ............................................................................................................................ 12\n\n\nGovernment Response .................................................................................................................... 14\n\n\n**2.** **On Guardianship: ........................................................................................................... 17**\n\n\nBackground ........................................................................................................................................ 17\n\n\nChallenges .......................................................................................................................................... 19\n\n\nRecommendations ............................................................................................................................ 20\n\n\nCover Photo: Unaccompanied Minors who took part in the \u201cHere where I am\u201d Photography workshop\nposing at the opening of the exhibition in November 2024/ \u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n##### PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS\n\n\nUNHCR thanks National Bureau for Legal Aid and its partner Bulgarian Helsinki Committee for\nsupporting the organisation of the Expert Meeting on Alternative Care and Guardianship for\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children in Bulgaria, which convened as part of UNHCR multistakeholder consultations under the Refugee Coordination Model, as well as UNICEF and the\nInternational Organisation for Migration (IOM); and the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy,\nthe State Agency for Child Protection and the State Agency for Refugees at the Council of\nMinisters, the National Police Department for the Prevention of Juvenile Crime, Burgas, Ruse\nand Lesichovo municipalities, the Bulgarian Red Cross, the Council of Refugee Women in\nBulgaria, the Foundation for Access to Rights, the National Network for the Child, SOS Children\nVillages, directors of family-family type accommodation centres in Sofia, Burgas and Ruse, IGA\nFoundation as well as academia representatives for their active participation and their\ncontributions throughout the consultations.\n\n\n_UNHCR is grateful to the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy and the State Agency for Social_\n_Assistance, the State Agency for Refugees, UNICEF and BRC family-type accommodation canter in_\n_Pazardjik for their valuable additional inputs on the initial draft of this report._\n\n\n**January 2025**\n\n##### LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS\n\n\n**ASA** - Agency for Social Assistance\n\n\n**BHC** - Bulgarian Helsinki Committee\n\n\n**BRC** - Bulgarian Red Cross\n\n\n**CRWB** - Council of Refugee Women in Bulgaria\n\n\n**FAR** - Foundation for Access to Rights\n\n\n**IOM** - International Organisation for Migration\n\n\n**MLSP** - Ministry of Labour and Social Policy\n\n\n**NBLA** - National Bureau for Legal Aid\n\n\n**SACP** - State Agency for Child Protection\n\n\n**SAR** - State Agency for Refugees at the Council of Ministers\n\n\n**UASC** - Unaccompanied and Separate Children\n\n\n**UNHCR** - UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n**UNICEF** - United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\n\n\n3 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n##### BACKGROUND\n\n\nOn 23 October 2024, UNHCR in collaboration with its partner Bulgarian Helsinki Committee\n(BHC) convened an expert meeting on Alternative care and Guardianship for unaccompanied\nand separated children in Bulgaria, intended as part of annual UNHCR consultations with civil\nsociety, service providers and communities. The purpose was to take stock of the existing\nchallenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, taking into account the\nopportunities for legislative and police changes arising in the context of the implementation of\nthe EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, as well as access to funding opportunities so as to ensure\nchildren have access to reception and care withing the national child protection system.\n\n\nIn total, 35 representatives of residential care services accommodating children seeking or\ngranted international protection including Ruse, Burgas, Pazardzhik, Lesichovo and Sofia, the\nmunicipalities which are in charge of commissioning services on their territory, the State Agency\nfor Refugees, the State Agency for Child Protection, the National Bureau for Legal Aid, the\nNational Foster Care association, IOM, UNICEF, the Bulgarian Red Cross (BRC), and NGOs\nproviding legal and social assistance \u2013 SOS for Children Villages, Foundation to Access Rights\n(FAR), BHC, and the Council of Refugee Women in Bulgaria (CRWB) took part in the meeting.\n\n\nIn welcoming the participants, UNHCR praised the commitment of the participants to child\nprotection in an environment where political and social dedication to human rights of forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless persons are declining while armed conflict and displacement is rising\naround Bulgaria. UNHCR considered the belief that Bulgaria is a transit country as a challenge\nto child protection, underlining that Bulgaria is a country where children at risk, including\nunaccompanied and separated children, find the care and protection they deserve, and are\nentitled under European human rights law and EU standards. While there is much to be done\nto improve the reception and protection of UASC as long as their stay in Bulgaria, a common\nunderstanding and commitment to the principle is a big first step. Referring to the findings and\nrecommendations of the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the Council of\nEurope on migration and refugees in 2023 and the Roundtable on alternative care and\nguardianship in April 2024, as well as the series of events on response to the vulnerabilities of\nUASC organised by UNHCR in collaboration with the EU Asylum Agency and the Greek Ministry\nof Migration and Asylum in July 2024, collective thinking by experts provides an opportunity to\nfind new solutions to old challenges, as well as looking at those challenges from new angles.\n\n\nThe recommendations that the experts participating in this event identified should also inform\nthe national implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum with regards to child\nprotection. In this respect, UNHCR has made several comments and recommendations for the\nnational implementation process.\n\n\nThese include, in particular:\n\n\n - introducing robust identification mechanisms for UASC and other children at risk,\nincluding those with disabilities, victims of trafficking, those at risk of trafficking, and\nthose experiencing trauma, at the earliest possible stage and ensuring they have\neffective access to services.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\n - introducing provision for the appointment of a guardian as soon as possible to protect\nthe child\u2019s rights, in addition to a legal representative for the purposes of legal\nprocedures. This framework should also include professional guardians who are\ntrained,establishing an independent guardian institution to recruit, train, appoint, and\nmonitor guardians for UASC and a supervisory mechanism to monitor the performance\nof tasks of representatives and review complaints from unaccompanied minors and\nensure they are equipped with the necessary resources.\n\n - ensuring that adequate resources are allocated for family-based care arrangements (and\nsupervised independent living arrangements when appropriate), and that inclusion of\nUASC into the national child protection system be prioritized, strengthened and\ncollaborate with UNHCR to monitor alternative care standards. Cooperate with UNHCR,\nmunicipalities and child protection NGOs to enhance the national capacity of supervised\nindependent living arrangements, including by allocating resources for this purpose;\n\n\n - introducing procedures to consistently assess the best interest of the child from the\nmoment of arrival and allocate the necessary financial and administrative resources to\nsupport the effective functioning of these procedures. The responsible institution of\nconducting with best interested procedure are child protection departments. A\nmultidisciplinary approach is necessary for the guarantee that the best interest of UASC\nis respected.\n\n\n**This is right time for the Government of Bulgaria to adopt its National Strategy for the Child.**\n\n\nIt is also important for the experts and civil society to leverage this process to improve\nprotection and solutions for UASC, incorporating also the European Commission\u2019s\n[Recommendatons on developing and strengthening integrated child protecton systems in the](https://commission.europa.eu/document/36591cfb-1b0a-4130-985e-332fd87d40c1_en)\n[best interests of the child, the](https://commission.europa.eu/document/36591cfb-1b0a-4130-985e-332fd87d40c1_en) [General Comment No. 6](https://www.unhcr.org/media/convention-rights-child-general-comment-no-6-2005-treatment-unaccompanied-and-separated) concerning the Removal of\n[unaccompanied and separated children outside their country of origin, the General Comment](https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/crc/2013/en/95780)\n[No. 14](https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/crc/2013/en/95780) concerning the best interests of the child - a primary consideration of Convention on\nthe Rights of the Child.\n\n\nUNHCR also stresses the EU Fundamental Rights Agency\u2019s (FRA) [handbook on guardianship for](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/guardianship-children-deprived-parental-care)\n[children deprived of parental care and FRA and EU Asylum Agency\u2019s](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/guardianship-children-deprived-parental-care) [Practcal Tool for Guardians](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/practical-tool-guardians-asylum-procedure)\n\n[\u2014 The asylum procedure.](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/practical-tool-guardians-asylum-procedure)\n\n\n5 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n##### MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL POLICY POSITION\n\n\nThe Agency for Social Assistance Agency (ASA) has clarified their position that the identification\nof a child as a child (i.e. under 18), and that he/she is not accompanied by parents or relatives,\nis crucial for access to the rights and guarantees for child protection at the earliest possible\nstage (at the child's first contact with institutional representatives). According to the legislation\nin force in the field of migration and asylum in the Republic of Bulgaria, a police authority that\nhas identified an unaccompanied child shall notify the Social Assistance Directorate of the\nchild's place of residence. The notification letter shall also include information on the identified\nneeds of the unaccompanied child during the initial contacts with them, including risk factors\n(trafficking, smuggling, violence). In this regard, strengthening resources for early identification\nof children (at the border or within) and risk assessment in initial actions with children will\nprevent the undue detention of unaccompanied children in the centres of Ministry of Interior,\nand enhance the effectiveness of actions in combating trafficking and exploitation.\n\n\nAt present, representation of UASC seeking and granted international protection is carried out\nunder the Law of Asylum and Refugee Act (LAR) by lawyers registered in the Legal Aid Register\nof the National Legal Aid Bureau (NLAB). Representation of unaccompanied children is partially\nregulated and regulated in various legal acts. Unaccompanied children in an international\nprotection procedure are represented by lawyers from the NBLA, while those who have not\napplied under the LAR or have been refused status are represented by social workers from the\nChild Protection Departments (CPD) of the Social Assistance Directorates (SAD) only in the\nprocedures and proceedings regulated by the Law of Foreigners. In this way, in practice,\nseparate modes of representation are distinguished according to the migration status of the\nchild, which is contrary to the principle of non-discrimination. According to MLSP the guardians\nshould be independent and should not be assigned to the social workers of the ASA, since the\nlegal framework empowers them to define and implement specific child protection measures\nand to supervise their implementation.\n\n\nBecause of these functions, it is not appropriate for the social worker to perform, on the one\nhand, supervisory functions and, on the other hand, again to perform representative functions\nin relation to the unaccompanied child which put him in the situation of conflict of functions\nand interests. In administrative proceedings with UASC the social worker from the ASA is\ninvolved by virtue of Art. 15 of the Child Protection Act, a function which differs from legal\nrepresentation, guardianship or custody.\n\n\nAccording to the ASA, in cases where protection measures are taken and an unaccompanied\nforeign child is placed in a social service for children, the Directorate for Social Assistance makes\nan assessment which concerns the location of the social service facility. An assessment is made\nof the social, educational and health infrastructure in the area, as well as the availability of social\nservice providers and NGOs and international organisations that could provide specialised\nsupport to children, expertise and an interpreter.\n\n\nASA has identified the need for targeted familiarisation of the local authorities and the local\ncommunity with the profile and needs of refugee children, as well as with the commitments of\nthe state and local authorities to guarantee their rights and interests as regulated in the national\nlegislation in the field of child protection, migration, asylum and refugees. In this regard, all\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\nopportunities should be taken to build models and good practices for joint efforts, coordination\nand partnership.\n\n\nThe need to increase the capacity and preparation for the placement of unaccompanied children\nin social services for residential care is also recognised, therefore it is necessary to create\nadditional support mechanisms for these services. The provision of sufficiently qualified\ninterpreters and cultural mediators will support comprehensive social work with\nunaccompanied children. A proposal has been made by the ASA to provide multidisciplinary\nteams of specialists with the necessary expertise at district level to provide targeted support to\ninstitutions and local authorities in their work with unaccompanied refugee children. This team\nshould be composed of experts from state institutions, international and non-governmental\norganisations.\n\n\nThe assessment of the best interests of an unaccompanied child requires a multidisciplinary\napproach and interaction between the competent State authorities. The ASA, as the child\nprotection authority, when making this assessment, considers:\n\n\n**(1)** the wishes and feelings of the child; **(2)** the physical, mental and emotional needs of the child;\n**(3)** the age, **(4)** sex, **(5)** background and **(6)** other characteristics of the child; **(7)** the danger or\nharm that has been caused to the child or is likely to be caused to the child; **(8)** the ability of the\nparents to care for the child; **(9)** the consequences that will occur to the child if circumstances\nchange; **(10)** other relevant circumstances.\n\n\nIt is necessary to collect information and provide opinions from various institutions relevant to\nthe rights and interests of UASC to make the assessment. It is acknowledged by the ASA that it\nincludes measures for referral to medical services, specialized psychological support, family\ntracing, family reunification, education, legal support, use of social services, etc. In this regard,\nthe possibility of developing standard operating procedures for the work with UASC and a\nprocedure for assessing their best interest could be considered as part of the Coordination\nMechanism for Unaccompanied Foreign National Children, including refugee children.\n\n\nThe assessment of the best interests of the child shall be carried out by all authorities\nresponsible for the reception of unaccompanied children in international protection\nproceedings. It includes taking immediate action to refer them to specialised care and services\nand to ensure that their special needs are met. It is based on the need to protect children and\nfind a long-term and sustainable solution. The assessment ensures that the unaccompanied\nchild can live in an environment that meets their needs and respects their rights.\n\n\nASA proposes that multidisciplinary teams of qualified professionals be formed and trained to\nmake a well-informed and joint decision about the best interests of the child, following a\ncomplex assessment of the child's situation and needs for health, psychological, emotional\nsupport, an understanding of the particularities of the environment from which they come, an\nassessment of the risk to the child and an assessment of their relationship with the adults around\nthem.\n\n\n7 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n##### DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n###### _1. On Alternative Care_ **_Background_**\n\n\nUnaccompanied children seeking international protection in Bulgaria are children at risk within\nthe meaning of the Child Protection Act. Under Article 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights\nof the Child, the state is obliged to take all actions to ensure such protection and support, in\naccordance with the best interests of the child.\n\nBulgarian legislation envisages that unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) are to be\naccommodated:\n\n\n**(1)** With family members or relatives, it is not necessary to be blood related, foster family,\nsocial or integrated integrated-social service for residential care under the conditions\nand procedures of the Law on Child Protection (Art. 4, para 2).\n\n\n**(2)** In other accommodation places with special conditions for children, thus prioritizing\ncommunity-based and alternative care models.\n\n\nAccording to the provisions of the LAR, in addition to the measures listed under the Child\nProtection Act, unaccompanied children seeking or granted international protection may be\nplaced in other places with special conditions for children under 14, defined as minors (Article\n29, para. 10 (2) and Article 33 (2)). In three reception centres, the State Agency for Refugees\nhave established so-called safe/protected areas where unaccompanied refugee children are\naccommodated. These facilities do not consistently provide the necessary reception conditions\nand care. Such arrangements may be appropriate only as emergency measure, pending\nplacement within the national child protection system.\n\n\nDespite recent progress, few residential care services have agreed to accommodate\nunaccompanied children, while currently only three such services, specialized in\naccommodation of such children accommodate UASC throughout the country including crisis\ncentre for unaccompanied children in Ruse, the residential care service in Oborishte district in\nSofia and the transitional housing in Burgas. Throughout the country, residential care services\nsuch as those in Vidin, Novo Selo, Ruse, Pazardzhik, Momchilgrad, Silistra, Lesichovo,\nZvanichevo, Shumen, Sofia, Kardzhali etc., have also accommodated unaccompanied children\nalongside Bulgarian ones, but this is not sufficient to address the need for placements in view\nof the number of unaccompanied children seeking international protection: **12,754** from\nJanuary 2021 until end of October 2024, including 358 unaccompanied children\naccommodated at SAR centres as of 31 October 2024.\n\n\nParticipants highlighted the efforts that have already been made to facilitate the adaptation of\nUASC. Representatives of residential care services and crisis centres highlighted the need to be\naware of the cultural background of the children and show flexibility to accommodate their\nneeds, working patiently to build a relationship of trust and offer them a sense of perspective.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\nThe need to work with the parents was stressed as well as the necessity to provide emotional\nsupport to UASC, have well developed social skills and are able to take care of themselves. They\nhave gone through emotionally traumatic experiences and endured family separation but lack\nsuch support.\n\n\nConscious efforts are made to support their inclusion in various activities conducted at local\nlevel by the municipalities which host such children, including their participation at various\ncultural and sports events organized by the respective municipality. Directors of services shared\ntheir experience with organizing welcome events for newly accommodated children, as well as\ncelebrating birthdays. Their efforts are geared towards ensuring that children either attend\nschool or have access to employment when they are above the mandatory school age.\n\n\nThe issue of whether to have specialized residential care services for UASC or instead focusing\non placing them together with national children was raised. Participants highlighted the need to\nrely on both, emphasizing that specialized institutions do not necessarily lead to segregation.\nOn the contrary, as they aim to provide family-based care, those accommodated in them share\nsimilar characteristics (culture, language) just as they would in a family.\n\n\nAdditionally, the directors of alternative care facilities emphasize the essential role of\ninterpreters and cultural mediators. There should be authorized legal representatives in every\nmunicipal town where UASC are accommodated. The family accommodation centres do not\nhave the opportunity to organize transportation every time needed to the reception centres\nwhere the procedures take place. In terms of capacity building, the staff need to be familiar with\nthe national characteristics of the country of origin of UASC to avoid conflict situation and\ntensions between UASC and Bulgarian children. UASC must be prepared before their\naccommodation in the alternative care facilities for their rights and obligations.\n\n\nThe internal rules of family type accommodations should be translated in Arabic/Farci and\ndistributed among all facilities who are working with UASC. A compulsory Bulgarian course\nshould be provided. During the discussion some of participants shared that the Regional\nEducation Inspectorates in different places interpret the law of enrolment of UASC not in same\nway. UASC who are over 16 years old usually prefer to work than study. There is challenge with\nthe Labor Inspectorate of finding a suitable jobs as most of the employers require Bulgarian.\n\n\nAfter Bulgaria fully entered the Schengen area, some of the family reunification procedures has\nbeen violated. After issuing a Schengen visa, instead of arriving to Bulgaria, parents directly go\nto Western European countries while asking the child to join them illegally, despite all child\nprotection measures which are taken by responsible institutions (SAR, ASA/child protection\ndepartments, legal representatives, care givers, teachers) during his stay in Bulgaria.\n\n\nWhile services are ready to undertake the tasks of providing care, they highlighted the need to\nreceive more support from state institutions to ensure the provision of services and support in\nareas which are not directly covered by residential services such as child development, MHPSS,\neducation, and healthcare.\n\n\nThe search for new opportunities for alternative care and services for unaccompanied children\nseeking international protection in Bulgaria is a key factor for solving the problem of placing\nunaccompanied children in an environment close to the family, where they will receive individual\n\n\n9 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\nsupport and better adaptation to the new environment. The insufficient number of available\nplaces in the existing social services-residential care in the country, the unforeseen financial\ncosts in the services for specific care for these children (translators, mentors), the lack of skills\nin the teams of the services for working with refugee children, the insufficient knowledge of the\ncultural and ethnic specificities of these children, the language barrier, the persistently negative\nstereotypes in society \u2013 all hinder the socialization of children and require normative changes\nin national legislation.\n\n\nSAR follows policies to respect the rights of unaccompanied children and plans for alternative\ncare and services. Currently, SAR has prepared a project proposal \"Establishment of Alternative\nSocial Services for Unaccompanied Refugee Children in Bulgaria.\" [1]\n\n\nParticipants further observed that in some cases working with UASC may be easier than\nworking with national children deprived of parental care. However, more awareness-raising is\nnecessary especially among the local population which may initially have concerns with the\npresence of foreign adolescents in their communities, given their negative portrayal, especially\nyoung men from the Middle East. The support of local municipalities, which oversee establishing\nand maintaining such services, is of crucial importance. Despite the challenges, the care of\nunaccompanied children has numerous benefits for both the children themselves and host\nsocieties. These children bring their culture, experiences in diverse societies during their\njourneys and dedication to education and work, their skills and labour power Bulgaria needs. As\ninternational experiences and studies have demonstrated, when they are given educational and\nintegration opportunities, young refugees can become a powerful source of economic, social\nand cultural development locally and nationally.\n\n###### **_During the meeting, the following barriers which negatively impact access to_** **_alternative care were identified:_**\n\n\n\u27a2 **COMMUNICATION**\nLack of funding within the financial standard allocated to the social services to cover the cost\nof interpretation and lack of interpreters hinders effective communication between the\npersonnel of the service providers and the children accommodated. This is one of the main\nreasons for social care service providers to hesitate about accommodating such children. Initial\nidentification and referral, as well as providing them effective services, including MHPSS and\npersonal development opportunities, is also hampered by the lack of interpreters.\n\n\n\u27a2 **CAPACITY-BUILDING NEEDS**\nLimited knowledge and training about the displacement experiences of UASC, their behavioural\npatterns and culture as well as the national legislative framework in Bulgaria and the countries\ntheir parents may be residing and the European standards. Frequent staff turnover at such\nfacilities, due to, among others, the low pay, limits the impact of training. The creation of website\n\n\n1 The funding has been granted under a direct grant procedure entitled: Procedure No. 3 Specific Objective 1\n\"Common European Asylum System\", Specific Objective 2 \"Legal Migration and Integration\". It is planned to construct\n5 family type accommodation centers with capacity x 12 places for unaccompanied children and 1 Transitional\nHousing with capacity x 8 places for unaccompanied children. The project will be implemented in partnership with 5\nmunicipalities, IOM and UNICEF within 4 years.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\nor share place with legislative changes, methodologies, contact numbers of responsible\ninstitutions and translators, legal representatives, volunteers, etc. was proposed as well.\n\n\n\u27a2 **ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG MEN TRANSITIONING TO ADULTHOOD**\nGiven capacity-building needs, concerns regarding the age of the children in view of appearance\nof some children to be older, the absence of documents and concerns about potential risks of\naccommodating aging-out children and young men transitioning to adulthood with younger\nchildren.\n\n\n\u27a2 **LIMITED MHPSS SUPPORT**\nLimited and project-based MHPSS available at reception centres, safe zones and alternative\ncare facilities. This is compounded by experiences of children during displacement, including\ntrauma, lack of parental support, exclusion from education and child development opportunities\nas well as limited emotional development and support opportunities as adolescents.\n\n\n\u27a2 **SAFETY**\nConcerns about children absconding from the residential care services including due to\narrangements with smugglers and expectations of the family members and community\ndisplaced in third countries or country of origin who need their children to find employment as\nsoon as possible for reasons of survival and/or paying debts they have undertaken to be able to\npay the smugglers. These concerns are compounded by unclear accountability for the children\u2019s\nsafety and protection from abuse and exploitation, including sexual and labour exploitation, as\nwell as trafficking in human beings.\n\n\n\u27a2 **SOCIAL COHESION:**\nPotentially negative at udes of the local community, and lack of programs to support social\ncohesion with local host communities. Political concerns of municipalities, especially Sofia, to\nset up residential care facilities to host UASC due to protests by the host community.\n\n\n\u27a2 **EDUCATION:**\nBulgarian language classes \u2013 residential care services do not have the opportunity to provide\nsuch classes. The educational system is currently not well-prepared to ensure the effective\ninclusion of unaccompanied children due to lack of teachers who have experience working with\nUASC, lack of preparatory classes, lack of additional language and educational support and\nneeds to adapt to their needs.\n\n\n\u27a2 **ADAPTATION:**\nChildren residing at registration-reception centres of SAR have difficulties transitioning to\nplacements within residential care services following a daily schedule and stricter rules.\n\n\n11 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n###### **_To address the identified challenges, participants proposed the following_** **_recommendations for the Government of Bulgaria to:_**\n\n\n**1.** Ensure that alternative care standards are in place and monitored.\n\n\n**2.** Incorporate an additional component in the financial standard for social services for children\n\nto cover the needs of unaccompanied children when they are accommodated at such\nservices such as interpretation, dietary requirements in accordance with cultural and\nreligious considerations, additional psychological support.\n\n\n**3.** Develop methodology handbook on working with unaccompanied children to be made\n\navailable to social workers and other experts, in collaboration with the international and\nnational stakeholders.\n\n\n**4.** Consistently organize preparatory meetings between unaccompanied children residing at\n\nRRCs and the residential care service provider prior to placement.\n\n\n_According to ASA, the recommendation has a practical orientation and is within the competence_\n_of the staff of the alternative care facility and the registration and reception Centres of the SAR_\n_who work directly with children._ _Also, the Coordination Mechanism for Interaction between_\n_Institutions and Organisations in Cases of Unaccompanied or Separated Children of Foreigners_\n_on the Territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, including Children Seeking and/or Granted_\n_International or Temporary Protection (Coordination Mechanism), approved and put into practice_\n_in 2022, includes similar activities, including the preparation of the child for removal from the_\n_SAR centre and placement in the designated social service._ _The Coordination Mechanism includes_\n_commitments of the ASA and the Mayor of the municipality to undertake preparatory actions_\n_(prior to the delivery of a decision to grant international protection) to negotiate the placement of_\n_the child in an appropriate social service and the placement of the child in the service._ _In this_\n_respect, the ASA and the child's representative shall hold a team meeting with the head and the_\n_staff of the service._ _The social worker from the child protection department shall take action to_\n_prepare the child for removal from the RRC centre and placement in the designated social service._\n\n\n**5.** Ensure availability of Bulgarian language classes and additional educational support and\n\nprovide capacity-building to teachers teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language and\nemphasize that attendance of UASC is mandatory.\n\n\n**6.** Consider placing unaccompanied children in dedicated residential care facilities (including\n\nsetting up such facilities, where possible with EU funding with the aim of transitioning to\nstate-delegated activity) as well as in existing services, together with national children. SAR,\nwith the partnership of UNICEF and IOM and six municipalities has a pilot project for\nprovision of six specialized services for UASC in Bulgaria.\n\n\n_At present, there is no obstacle for children from the target group to be placed in existing social and_\n_integrated health and social services for residential care as a protection measure under the Child_\n_Protection Act._ _However, it is important to note that municipalities as the main provider of social_\n_services in the country have a leading role in the processes related to the planning, establishment,_\n_management and provision of social services._ _It has also been pointed out by the ASA that the_\n_establishment of specialised residential care centres for unaccompanied children should be recognised_\n_as a need by local authorities._ _The establishment of such centres through project activities will_\n_improve the capacity to accommodate unaccompanied foreign children in the social services for_\n_children under the Children Act._\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\n**7.** Establish a repository where all relevant materials concerning working with unaccompanied\n\nchildren, information and other materials can be uploaded and made accessible.\n\n\n_The exchange of information between institutions regarding the situation of unaccompanied_\n_children is crucial for the follow-up action to be taken to ensure to the fullest extent the rights_\n_and interests of unaccompanied children._ _In this regard, the ASA considers that the establishment_\n_of an integrated inter-institutional information system (database), which would track the path of_\n_an unaccompanied child from the moment of entry into Bulgaria until leaving the country, even_\n_after that, would enable to follow the situation of the child, the work of the institutions and the_\n_actions taken at national level._ _Currently, each institution collects data independently and there_\n_are no uniform statistics on the number and movement of unaccompanied foreign children, which_\n_is a prerequisite for their exposure to a number of risks - exploitation, violence, abuse, and_\n_disappearance._\n\n\n**8.** Ensure the mechanism and standards introduced to monitor the quality of social services\n\nconsiders the needs of UASC, noting that the Social Services Quality Agency (SQSA)\nestablished by the ASA relating to the control and monitoring of the provision of social\nservices.\n\n\n**9.** Adopt a holistic approach to providing care for UASC, including mental health support and\n\nprevention of self-harm.\n\n\n**10.** Strengthen the national foster care system and ensure unaccompanied children have\n\neffective access to it building on some good practice examples.\n\n\n**11.** Provide support for the integration of such children, including targeted measures, and offer\n\nthem clear perspectives and opportunities to enable them to see their future in Bulgaria.\n\n\n**12.** Updating of the National Map of Social Services by the ASA, with an up-to-date analysis of\n\nthe needs for new social services, in order to plan services including the number of\nunaccompanied children seeking international protection, noting that there were a total of\n358 unaccompanied children (as for January 2025)in the reception centres RRC of the SAR\nfor whom has to be taken protection measures according to Child Protection Act in Bulgaria.\n\n\n**13.** Additional training of foster parents for placement of unaccompanied children and inclusion\n\nof foster care as a state delegated social service.\n\n\n_UNHCR to:_\n\n\n**14.** Provide capacity-building for personnel of residential care services on working with\n\nunaccompanied children, including working with UASC considering their displacement\nexperiences and trauma, their behavioural patterns and cultural background standards\n\n\n**15.** Support refugee communities to provide foster care to unaccompanied children, in\n\nparticular children under 14.\n\n\n_All stakeholders to:_\n\n\n**16.** Organize meetings and awareness-raising events with the local community and consider the\n\npossibility of launching a nation-wide awareness-raising campaign.\n\n\n13 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n###### **_Government responses regarding alternative care_**\n\n\n_**Alternative care standards**_\n\n\nIn 2022, a part of legislation for the social services sector, which aims to create the conditions\nfor improving their quality and effectiveness in supporting the people who use them and is\nrelevant for individualizing support and care for users, was adopted, namely the Regulation on\nthe Quality of Social Services. The regulation sets new and more precise quality standards for\nall types of social services, including residential care, which are about organisation and\nmanagement, about staff qualifications and professional development, and about the\neffectiveness of the service in terms of outcomes for individuals. Also, in July 2024, changes\nwere made to the Regulation on the conditions and procedure for application, selection and\napproval of foster families and placement of children in them (promulgated in State Gazette No.\n64 of 30.07.2024). As an annex to the Ordinance, requirements for the care that foster families\nprovide for the children placed with them are regulated.\n\n\n_**Financial standard for social services**_\n\n\nThe Social Services Act (SSA) regulates a new procedure for financing social services. According\nto Article 45 of the Social Services Act, each social service included in the National Map of Social\nServices is financed from the state budget according to a standard for state-delegated activity,\nwhich is intended to finance the costs of its provision and the costs of referral by the\nmunicipality for the use of the service. The standard for each social service delegated by the\nState is determined depending on the type of social service; the way it is used; the group of\nusers of the social service; the duration of its provision; the quality standards of the social\nservice; and the requirements for the necessary specialists.\n\n\nArticle 67 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Social Welfare Act regulates the\nelements of costs that form the amount of the standard for the state-delegated activity for the\nsocial service of residential care, among them are the costs of communications; costs of\naccompanying the persons using the service for the purpose of medical examinations and\nconsultations, use of other social services, visits to medical institutions, educational institutions,\nadministrative and judicial authorities and others, including costs specific to the service.\n\n\nGiven the timing of the adoption of the National Social Services Map (RMS No 574 of\n08.08.2024) and considering the timing of the drafting of the State Budget for 2025, it is\nproposed to postpone the entry into force of the standards for the financing of social services\ndefined under Article 45 of the Social Services Act until 2026. In addition, an intersectoral\nworking group was established by the Order of the Executive Director of the ASA RD012684/18.12.2024 to develop a proposal for the financing standards for social services to be\nfinanced from the state budget for 2026.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\n_**Capacity-building**_\n\n\nIt has been indicated by the ASA that the agency in partnership with leading international\norganizations (UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM) and with the assistance of NGOs conducts periodic\ntrainings on working with unaccompanied foreign and refugee children for social workers in the\nchild protection system. International and non-governmental organizations support the\nDirectorate of Social Assistance by providing translation in consultations with UASC and their\nfamilies.\n\n\n_**Mental Health and Psychosocial Support**_\n\n\nInter-institutional cooperation is one of the key factors for improving support and ensuring the\nrights of unaccompanied refugee children in all spheres of public life (health, education, social\npolicy, home affairs, culture, sport, etc.). Taking into account the complexity of the needs of\nunaccompanied children, all child protection authorities are committed to protecting their rights\nand interests and, within the limits of their powers and competence, to taking appropriate\nadministrative or other measures. The ASA also indicated that resources should be made\navailable in places of placement for unaccompanied children to assess the traumatic experience\nof each identified unaccompanied child and to include them in programmes for the prevention\nof conflict and risk behaviour - aggression, violence, etc. This implies the provision of additional\nresources from a network of specialists with the necessary expertise to carry out this\nassessment in SAR centres, social services for children and other places of accommodation for\nunaccompanied children.\n\n\n_**Foster care**_\n\n\nTaking into account the needs of unaccompanied refugee children who are children at risk under\nthe Child Protection Act, the provision of foster care is among the protection measures that can\nbe provided for these children. The provision of foster care for different groups of vulnerable\nchildren, including unaccompanied refugee children, is also included in the project \"Improving\nthe capacity of the Social Assistance Agency staff in relation to the modernization of social\nprotection systems - Component 1\" implemented by the ASA.\n\n\nASA has indicated that with regard to foster care, there is a need to identify potential and\nresources for recruitment of foster families from the community of origin of unaccompanied\nrefugee children. The Agency presents the example of the Netherlands, which has a foster care\nmodel where children are placed with foster families from their community. Of course, these\nfamilies should be successfully integrated into Bulgarian society, screened and assessed\naccording to the child protection legislation.\n\n\n15 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\n_**Social inclusion and integration**_\n\n\nIn addition to the participants\u2019 recommendations, ASA indicated that targeted work and\npreparation of the host community is needed. Conducting systematic information campaigns\nand media events, as well as direct meetings with representatives of local communities where\npersons with humanitarian and refugee status live, is aimed at building bridges between\ncommunities and good coexistence. On the other hand, refugees must respect all obligations of\nthe host country in order to be fully integrated.\n\n\nASA proposes to explore, through the assistance of international and non-governmental\norganizations, the resources and opportunities to involve members of the community of origin\nof the children to support social work and to support the process of adaptation and integration\nin Bulgaria. Exploring good practices in Bulgaria and Europe for the protection and integration\nwork of unaccompanied refugee and migrant children in host societies and presenting them to\nthe professional community is an important step for successful policy making in this direction.\n\n\nASA notes that another essential element of the successful integration of unaccompanied\nchildren in Bulgaria is the development of mechanisms to motivate unaccompanied children to\njoin the education system by providing the necessary hours for learning Bulgarian language and\nbridging the gaps in the children's education to date. Including children in vocational skills\ndevelopment courses could also support their integration into society.\n\n\nThe ASA has indicated that the Agency has provided its territorial structures - the Regional\nSocial Assistance Directorates and the Directorate for social assistance with guidelines on\nmeasures and activities for the protection and support of UASC, as well as on coordination and\ninteraction with other competent state and municipal authorities. The regional directorates of\nsocial assistance has been given emphasis on the need to explore the capacity of residential\ncare services for the placement of unaccompanied refugee children, as well as to explore the\nresources and at udes of established foster families.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n###### _2. On Guardianship:_ **_Background_**\n\n\nUN Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasizes the role of guardians in protecting unaccompanied\nand separated children and representing their best interest. The European Union Strategy Against Trafficking\nin Human Beings places emphasis on appointing guardians as soon as UASC are identified. UNHCR\u2019s\nstrategy on the protection of UASC in Bulgaria is aligned, among others, with the Council of Europe [Guiding](https://rm.coe.int/cm-rec-2019-11-guardianship-en/16809ccfe2)\n[Principles and Implementng Guidelines](https://rm.coe.int/cm-rec-2019-11-guardianship-en/16809ccfe2) for Effective Guardianship for Unaccompanied and Separated\nChildren as well as [General Comment 6 of the Conventon on the Protecton of the Child:](https://nmd.bg/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/6-Tretirane-na-nepridrujni-deca.pdf)\n\n\n17 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n\nIn Bulgaria, Article 25 of the Law on Asylum and Refugees regulates the legal representation of\nunaccompanied children, which is provided by lawyers from the legal aid register of the National\nBureau for Legal Aid (NBLA), appointed by the Chairperson of the NBLA or a person designated\nby them. The role of the representative under Article 25 currently combines that of providing\nlegal assistance and representation to the unaccompanied child and other activities which\nwould normally fall within the scope of the role of a guardian or caregiver. The Family code\ncontains provisions regulating the appointment of guardians particularly regarding\nunaccompanied children as well as general provisions on the scope of the competences of\ncaregivers with whom the child is accommodated pursuant to a child protection measure.\n\n\nThe power of the National Legal Aid Bureau and the lawyers registered with the NLAB have\nbeen diluted as a result of the changes to the Asylum and Refugee Act, published in the Official\nGazette, issue 89 of 16.10.2020, which provided the provision of conditions for the receipt of\nlegal aid to foreigners seeking international protection in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as\nthe provisions of Article 25 of LAR, concerning unaccompanied children. In accordance with\nthe agreements, NBLA developed and printed a handbook for lawyers - representatives of\npersons from vulnerable groups within the meaning of \u00a7 1, item 17 of the additional provisions\nof the LAR with a focus on unaccompanied minors and minors seeking or granted international\nprotection.\n\n\nNBLA points out that according to the Bulgarian legislation, legal aid in the country is provided\nonly by lawyers registered in the National Legal Aid Register, and according to the Legal Aid\nAct, it is organized and administered by the National Legal Aid Bureau and the Bar Councils.\n\n\nOn the other hand, under the national legislation, the institutions of guardianship and custody\nare regulated in the Family Code, according to the norms of which guardianship is established\nover minors whose parents are unknown, deceased, under full custody or deprived of parental\nrights, as well as unaccompanied foreign minors who are on the territory of the Republic of\nBulgaria. Guardianship shall be established over minors whose parents are unknown,\ndeceased, placed under full custody or deprived of parental rights, as well as over\nunaccompanied minors who are on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. The guardianship\nand trusteeship authority shall be the mayor of the province or an official designated by them,\nand he/she shall be obliged to appoint a guardianship council or a trustee and deputy trustees.\n\n\nCurrently, representatives of the management and the administration of the NBLA participate\nin working groups on the drafting of legislative changes in relation the implementation of the\nEU Pact on Migration and Asylum.\n\n\nParticipants discussed that the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum distinguishes between the\nneed to ensure representation of unaccompanied children and the need to provide legal\nassistance and representation to applicants including unaccompanied children. Such separation\nof guardianship and legal representation would be required to effectively implement the\nrelevant provisions under the Pact files, and is in line with the EU Fundamental Rights Agency\u2019s\n[(FRA) and Council of Europe guidance.](https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-guardianship-children_en_0.pdf)\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n###### **_During the meeting, the following barriers which negatively impact access to_** **_guardianship and representation were identified:_**\n\n\n\u27a2 **LEGAL REPRESENTATION**\nAdditional responsibilities placed on the representative (NBLA lawyer) concerning being in\ncharge of day-to-day care and aspects of the child\u2019s life which do not concern procedural\nrepresentation and legal assistance. NBLA lawyers which have the necessary skills and training\nare not always available and appointed in all regions of the country where unaccompanied\nchildren are present; low fees paid to NBLA lawyers further discourage them from applying for\nsuch roles. Currently there is no mechanism to ensure consistent control of the quality of the\nprovision of services by NBLA lawyers, and they do not have access to interpreters to enable\nthem to engage meaningfully with the child they are representing.\n\n\n\u27a2 **GUARDIANSHIP LEGISLATION**\n\n\nProvisions in the Family Code regarding guardianship of unaccompanied children do not fully\nreflect the needs and circumstances of unaccompanied children. The existing law does not\nenvisage the possibility of having professional guardianship and does not provide sufficient\nguarantees to ensure their qualifications, training and independence. There is also no\nmechanism envisaged to monitor the quality of guardianship in line with the child\u2019s best\ninterests. Various options were discussed, including guardians being appointed by the\nrespective regional governor (rather than mayor of the municipality), the regional directorate of\nsocial assistance or though setting up of a type of a dedicated social service.\n\n\n\u27a2 **GUARDIANSHIP AND REPRESENTATION FOR MIGRANT CHILDREN**\n\n\nThe representation of children who have not applied for international protection or whose\nclaims have been refused is provided by social workers from the departments of child protection\nand while the legislation provides for legal assistance, this is not consistently ensured in practice.\n\n\n19 UNHCR BULGARIA / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS: EXPERT MEETING ON ALTERNATIVE CARE AND GUARDIANSHIP FOR UASC\n\n###### **_To address the identified challenges, participants proposed the following_** **_recommendations for the Government of Bulgaria to:_**\n\n\n**1.** Introduce the necessary legal and policy changes to ensure clear division of\n\nresponsibilities and distinction between the roles of legal representatives and guardians\nin a manner that allows reinforced legal representation and guardianship in line with the\nEU standards as envisaged under the new EU Pact on Migration and Asylum.\n\n\n**2.** Consider introducing provisions for the appointment of a guardian as soon as possible\n\nto protect the child\u2019s rights, in addition to a legal representative for the purposes of legal\nprocedures and introduce a limit on the number of children for which a guardian is\nresponsible to ensure that each child\u2019s best interest is pursued by the guardian.\n\n\n**3.** Creation of an Oversight Mechanism to monitor the implementation of the\n\nresponsibilities of the representatives and guardians/carers, ensuring independence and\navailable resources;\n\n\n**4.** Establish a supervisory mechanism to monitor the performance of tasks of\n\nrepresentatives and guardians, ensure its independence and available resources.\n\n\n**5.** Set up a child-friendly feedback and complaint mechanism to review complaints from\n\nunaccompanied minors.\n\n\n**6.** Consider identifying or establishing an independent institution to appoint and monitor\n\nguardians, including the possibility of professional guardianship.\n\n\n**7.** Consider legislative amendments to introduce a definition of a separated child and\n\nregulate the representation of such children.\n\n\n**8.** Ensure unaccompanied children who have not applied for international protection or\n\nwhose applications have been finally refused have effective access to legal assistance\nand representation from lawyers from NBLA.\n\n\n**9.** Provide initial and continuous capacity-building for NBLA lawyers and guardians, and\n\nallocate the necessary resources, including for child protection actors that could provide\nprofessional guardians.\n\n\n**10.** Ensure legal representatives and guardians have effective access to interpretation to\n\nfacilitate communication with children.\n\n\nUNHCR BULGARIA /January 2025 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ec6619e6-8c23-403c-af6f-1a8caea14978/2025-03-REPORT-UASC%20Expert%20meeting.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_480/raw/doc_480_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_480/raw/doc_480_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 990e372361590bb904c691c2dae7298c8c703974..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_480/raw/doc_480_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,694 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **KEY MESSAGES**\n\nChile\u2019s national Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measures deprivation across five\ndimensions: (1) education, (2) health, (3) employment and social security, (4) housing\nand local environment, and (5) social networks. Examining the MPI of foreign-born\npopulations in comparison to nationals provides valuable insights for policy discussions\naimed at addressing poverty among vulnerable groups.\n\n\nThe analysis focuses on Venezuelans, Colombians, and Haitians, all of whom, although\nnot always granted formal protection status, face similar risks and vulnerabilities. To\nsupport a comprehensive assessment of individuals in need of international protection\nin Chile, the analysis includes disaggregation by gender, age group, region, sex of the\nhousehold head, and the presence of children and adolescents in the household.\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugees and migrants face significantly higher levels of multidimensional poverty than\nnationals, with Colombians particularly affected. Key drivers of deprivation include\nemployment, housing, and health. Poverty is especially pronounced among households\nwith children and recent arrivals\u2014over 64% of those who arrived during the survey year\nexperience multidimensional poverty.\n\n\nChile\u2019s MPI highlights the importance of expanding regularization pathways, ensuring\nlegal entry mechanisms, and enhancing local capacity for early support. Effective policy\nresponses in employment, housing, and health should reflect the diverse profiles of\nrefugees and migrants, taking into account their nationality, gender, household\ncomposition, and time of arrival. These measures are essential not only to reduce\nprotection risks but also to prevent long-term social costs and foster integration.\n\n\nChile has played a key role in regional coordination spaces on human mobility, including\nthe Quito Process and Cartagena +40. As part of the latter, it led the development of\nthe Chile Action Plan (2024\u20132034), a regional roadmap aimed at strengthening\nprotection and responses to forced displacement. In line with global commitments,\nprogress has been made in the region toward improved statistical visibility of forcibly\ndisplaced populations, enabling more accurate and disaggregated analysis based on\nofficial data \u2014 an essential step for informed policy and effective inclusion.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national Multidimensional Poverty Index", - "confidence": 0.9961193799972534, - "start": 12, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "measures deprivation across five\ndimensions", - "confidence": 0.9486256241798401, - "start": 19, - "end": 24 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.9995736479759216, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.9941878318786621, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "foreign-born\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.7887125611305237, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5555024147033691, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.5634881854057312, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6348394751548767, - "start": 155, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n### **Refugee and migrant well-being in Chile**\n\n\nThe Americas region has continued to navigate an evolving situation of displacement. Chile, historically\nrecognized for its commitment to welcoming refugees and migrants, has experienced a significant increase\nin its foreign-born population since 2017. By 2024, nearly 9% of the national population was foreign-born,\naccording to the National Census, with over 1.6 million individuals residing in the country. This positions\nChile as the country with the second-highest proportion of foreign-born residents in Latin America, surpassed\nonly by Costa Rica, at 10.2%. Many of these individuals are people fleeing protracted socio-political crises\nin countries such as Venezuela, Haiti, and Colombia, who together account for a substantial share of this\ngroup, with Venezuelans representing 46%, Colombians 11%, and Haitians 9%.\nThis demographic shift presents both a challenge and an opportunity for national systems to foster inclusive\ndevelopment and social cohesion. To formulate a sustainable and effective response\u2014one that promotes\nself-reliance and enhances resilience\u2014it is imperative to ground policy decisions in rigorous and credible\nsocioeconomic analysis that benchmarks the conditions of refugees and migrants against those of the\nnational population.\n\nChile\u2019s national Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) offers a comprehensive framework for assessing\ndevelopment and well-being beyond income-based measures. It allows for identifying population groups and\ngeographic areas that remain excluded from key opportunities, despite income levels. The MPI\u2019s insights\nserve as a basis for strategic policy dialogues within government institutions and align closely with the\nbroader objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In line with the\nSustainable Development Goals\u2019 (SDG) core principle of \u201cleaving no one behind,\u201d identifying\nmultidimensional deprivation among vulnerable populations is essential for designing targeted, evidencebased strategies and fostering coordinated cross-sectoral action.\n\nThis brief explores multidimensional poverty among refugees and migrants in Chile, drawing on data from\nthe most recent national household survey, the _Encuesta de Caracterizaci\u00f3n Socioecon\u00f3mica Nacional_\n(CASEN 2022). As part of a broader analytical series, this brief contributes to a deeper understanding of\ndeprivation among forcibly displaced populations in varying contexts. The findings aim to inform the\ndevelopment of inclusive policies and programs that address the specific needs of these groups, thereby\nsupporting more equitable and resilient national development outcomes.\n\n### **The hosting situation in Chile**\n\nChile has become a safe place for individuals fleeing conflict and persecution. According to the latest\navailable data, it hosts 2,488 recognized refugees, 13,366 asylum-seekers, and 1,688 stateless persons. In\naddition, many Venezuelan, Haitian, and Colombian nationals\u2014though not always formally recognized\nunder these categories due to case-by-case assessments\u2014face similar protection risks and vulnerabilities.\nIn line with UNHCR\u2019s internal guidance on International Protection Considerations, these groups are\ntherefore included in the application of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to ensure a comprehensive\nand inclusive analysis of deprivation among populations in need of international protection.\n\nIn recent years, social tensions in Chile have escalated, with forcibly displaced and stateless individuals\nincreasingly subjected to xenophobia, discrimination, and negative public narratives. People in need of\ninternational protection are often portrayed as contributing to insecurity and overburdening public services,\nfostering a hostile environment that hinders their integration. According to the 2024 \u201c _Encuesta Bicentenario_\n_UC_ \u201d, 70% of the population perceives strong conflict between nationals and foreigners, 88% believe the\nnumber of foreigners in the country is excessive, and nearly 90% associate human mobility with rising levels\nof violence.\n\nIn this context, Chile has implemented a series of policy and legal reforms focused on border enforcement\nand security, particularly in the northern region, which is the main entry point for refugees and migrants. In\n2024, amendments to the Refugee Law (Law No. 20.430) introduced stricter admissibility criteria and\nprocedural deadlines, limiting access to the asylum system. Entry requirements have also tightened for\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national Multidimensional Poverty Index", - "confidence": 0.9861722588539124, - "start": 235, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.9993833303451538, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.9981672763824463, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2030", - "confidence": 0.7073419690132141, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8477753400802612, - "start": 222, - "end": 225 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6203927993774414, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5344754457473755, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.9616860151290894, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "recognized refugees", - "confidence": 0.5198033452033997, - "start": 476, - "end": 478 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\ncertain nationalities. Venezuelan and Haitian nationals are required to obtain a tourist visa prior to arrival.\nFor Venezuelans, this requirement was introduced in 2019, and the 2022 enactment of Law No. 21.325\ndiscontinued the Visa of Democratic Responsibility, further reducing regular entry options. These restrictions\ncontributed to a sharp rise in irregular crossings, which peaked between 2021 and 2022 with over 80,000\nunauthorized entries. Although Chile\u2019s legal framework guarantees access to basic services regardless of\nlegal status, many face practical barriers, including complex administrative procedures, limited access to\ninformation, and fear of seeking services due to their legal situation (JNA, 2024).\n\nDespite many challenges, refugees and migrants have made significant contributions to Chile\u2019s economic\nand social development. They account for 10.3% of national GDP (Fundaci\u00f3n porCausa, 2025) and\ndemonstrate a low fiscal dependency rate, contributing more to taxes than they receive in public services\nsuch as health, education, and subsidies (World Bank, 2024).\n\n**Figure 1. Refugees and migrants in key regions of Chile**\n\n\n_Countries of origin and arrival trends_\n_over time_\nThe CASEN 2022 survey enables\ndisaggregated analysis of Chile\u2019s foreignborn population by nationality. This brief\nfocuses on Venezuelan, Haitian, and\nColombian nationals, given their significant\npresence and the distinct displacement\ndynamics shaping their experiences.\n\nArrival patterns differ markedly across these\ngroups. Among Venezuelans, 55% arrived\nbetween 2017 and 2019, coinciding with the\npeak of the humanitarian crisis. Haitian\nmigration is more concentrated, with over\n75% arriving between 2016 and 2018\u201442%\nin 2017 alone. In contrast, Colombian\nmigration reflects a more sustained trend:\n19% arrived before 2013, with steady inflows,\nthereafter, suggesting long-term mobility\nrather than a single peak.\n\nThese variations in arrival timing and mobility\npathways have direct implications for access\nto documentation, services, and integration.\nEarlier arrivals are more likely to have\nregularized their status and established\nlivelihoods, while recent arrivals\u2014particularly\nthose entering irregularly\u2014face greater\nbarriers and vulnerabilities. Language is an\nadditional challenge for the Haitian\npopulation, many of whom speak Haitian\nCreole or French and have limited proficiency in Spanish. This affects access to services, navigation of\nadministrative systems, and community integration, and should be considered when interpreting indicators\nrelated to education, employment, and social networks.\n\n_Demographic overview of refugees and migrants relative to nationals_\nTable 1 provides a snapshot of the basic characteristics of the groups under study.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CASEN 2022 survey", - "confidence": 0.9744064807891846, - "start": 226, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8429493308067322, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.9834313988685608, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9971479773521423, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "foreignborn population", - "confidence": 0.8242795467376709, - "start": 236, - "end": 238 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\n**Table 1. Descriptive statistics (%)**\n\n\n**Nationals** **Ref & Mig** **Ven** **Col** **Hai**\n\n|Gender|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Male
49%
51%|50%
48%
59%|\n|Female
51%
49%|50%
52%
41%|\n|**Age group**

|

|\n|0-17
23%
18%|20%
16%
7%|\n|18-29
17%
24%|24%
26%
20%|\n|30-44
22%
43%|42%
39%
61%|\n|45-59
19%
11%|10%
16%
10%|\n|60 or above
20%
3%|4%
3%
0%|\n|**Region**

|

|\n|Metropolitan
40%
69%|72%
61%
61%|\n|Rest of country
60%
31%|28%
39%
39%|\n|**Sex of head of household**

|

|\n|Male
51%
59%|59%
49%
76%|\n|Female
49%
41%|41%
51%
24%|\n|**Children in the household**

|

|\n|HHs with at least one child
55%
66%|67%
60%
60%|\n|
No children
45%
34%|33%
40%
40%|\n\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022._\n\nOverall, there are several differences between the refugee and migrant population and nationals in terms of\ntheir sociodemographic profile. Notable distinctions include age distribution, geographic concentration, and\nhousehold composition. Refugees and migrants are predominantly younger, with 67% between the ages of\n18 and 44, compared to just 39% of nationals\u2014highlighting the need for youth-focused employment,\neducation, and integration policies. In terms of location, the majority reside in the Metropolitan Region,\nindicating a strong urban concentration that places additional demands on local infrastructure and public\nservices. Additionally, refugee and migrant households are more likely to include children: only 34% are\nchild-free, compared to 45% of national households, suggesting a greater need for childcare, education, and\nfamily support programs.\n\nBeyond these trends, notable gender differences also exist across nationalities. While the overall gender\ndistribution is relatively balanced among nationals and the broader refugee and migrant population, the\nHaitian group shows a significantly higher proportion of men (59%) and the highest share of male-headed\nhouseholds (76%). While this may partly reflect human mobility patterns, socio-cultural factors likely also\ninfluence household leadership structures. These dynamics underscore the importance of culturally sensitive\napproaches in designing social protection and community engagement strategies.\n\n### **Measuring multidimensional poverty**\n\nPoverty extends beyond income deprivation, often encompassing deficits in health, education, living\nconditions, and access to essential services. A multidimensional approach to poverty measurement provides\na more comprehensive understanding of well-being, enabling the design of policies and programs that more\neffectively address the needs of deprived populations. While the application of a standardized global\nmeasure of multidimensional poverty helps position a country\u2019s situation vis-\u00e0-vis others, a more tailored\nnational MPI adapted to the local context can more effectively guide public policy discussions. Chile is among\nmore than 40 countries that have adopted an official national MPI.\n\n\nTo measure multidimensional poverty, three key statistics are used:\n\n - **Incidence (H)** or headcount ratio \u2013 the proportion identified as multidimensionally poor;\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\n - **Intensity (A)** - the average share of weighted deprivations experienced by the poor;\n\n - **Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)** or adjusted headcount ratio \u2013 a measure of the share of\npeople who are multidimensionally poor and the intensity of their poverty, calculated as MPI = H \u00d7\nA. [1] The MPI ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating higher poverty.\n\n\nChile\u2019s national Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is constructed using 15 indicators grouped into five\ndimensions (see Table 3). A household is classified as multidimensionally poor if it is deprived in at least\n22.5% of the weighted indicators. To allow for a comparison that takes into account the national context and\nthe distribution of deprivations, a relative poverty analysis was also conducted using the weighted median of\nthe Chilean population as the cutoff point. According to the latest estimates from CASEN 2022, 13.4% of\nhouseholds in Chile were identified as multidimensionally poor, with notable variation across regions. [2] Given\ntheir distinct vulnerabilities and living conditions, refugees and migrants are likely to experience\nmultidimensional poverty differently from the general population, underscoring the need for disaggregated\nanalysis and targeted policy responses.\n\n\n**Table 3. Chile\u2019s National MPI Dimensions, Indicators and Thresholds**\n\n\n**Dimension** **Indicator** **Deprived if living in a household where\u2026**\n\n\n\n1 School attendance\n\n\n\nA member aged 4\u201318 is not attending school and has not\ncompleted high school, or a member aged 6\u201326 with a long-term\ncondition is not enrolled.\n\n\n\n**Education**\n\n\n**Health**\n\n\n**Employment &**\n**Social**\n**Security**\n\n\n**Housing &**\n**Local**\n**Environment**\n\n\n**Social**\n**networks &**\n**cohesion**\n\n\n\nA member aged 21 or younger is two or more years behind in\n2 Educational lag\nprimary or secondary education.\n\n\n\nA member has experienced discrimination or unfair treatment\n14 Equal treatment\nin the past 12 months.\n\n\n\nEducational\n3\nattainment\n\n\n\nA member over 18 has not completed the legally required\nyears of education for their age.\n\n\n\nA child aged 0\u20136 is overweight, obese, malnourished, or at risk\n4 Child malnutrition\nof malnutrition.\n\n\n5 Health insurance A member lacks affiliation with any health insurance system.\n\n\n\nAccess to medical\n6\nservices\n\n\n\nA member has not received healthcare in the past 3 months or\nlacked AUGE-GES coverage for reasons beyond their control.\n\n\n\n7 Employment A member over 18 is unemployed and actively seeking work.\n\n\nAn employed member aged 15+ does not contribute to the\n8 Social security\npension system and is not a self-employed graduate.\n\nA member of retirement age receives no pension or alternative\n9 Pensions\nincome (e.g., rent, dividends).\n\nThe household is overcrowded (\u22652.5 people per bedroom) or\n10 Habitability\nthe dwelling (walls, roof, and/or floors) is in poor condition.\n\nThe home lacks basic sanitation (toilet, indoor tap, or adequate\n11 Basic services\nwater supply) according to urban or rural standards.\n\nThe area has multiple pollution issues, lacks basic services, or\n12 Surroundings\nmembers face long commutes with limited transport access.\n\n\n\nSocial support and\n13\nparticipation\n\n\n\nThe household lacks external support in key situations, has no\nmembers aged 14+ participating in social groups, and no\nemployed adults (18+) involved in work-related organizations.\n\n\n\n_1 Alkire, S., Kanagaratman, U., & Suppa, N. (2021). The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2021. OPHI MPI Methodological Note_\n_51. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford._\n\n_2 Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia (2023):_ _**[Informe de Desarrollo Social y Familia (2023)](https://www.desarrollosocialyfamilia.gob.cl/storage/docs/ids/Informe-desarrollo-social-2023.pdf)**_ _._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multidimensional Poverty Index", - "confidence": 0.9359971880912781, - "start": 33, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.9995349645614624, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.996566891670227, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8020321130752563, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8198835849761963, - "start": 190, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Multidimensional Poverty Index", - "confidence": 0.930923342704773, - "start": 694, - "end": 698 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.9195282459259033, - "start": 699, - "end": 700 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.8307927846908569, - "start": 694, - "end": 695 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8780509233474731, - "start": 690, - "end": 691 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8464382886886597, - "start": 690, - "end": 691 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\n**Dimension** **Indicator** **Deprived if living in a household where\u2026**\n\nA member has witnessed or experienced drug trafficking or\n15 Security\ngun violence in the neighborhood in the past month.\n_Source: OPHI,_ _[Chile MPI.](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/loschman_unhcr_org/Documents/Microsoft%20Teams%20Chat%20Files/Chile%20MPI)_ _In Chile\u2019s national MPI, the first four dimensions are equally weighted at 22.5% each, while the fifth\u2014Social_\n_Networks and Cohesion\u2014carries a lower weight of 10%. Within each dimension, indicators are equally weighted. For example, the indicator_\n_\u201cSchool Attendance\u201d holds an individual weight of 7.5%._\n\n### **Multidimensional poverty among refugees and migrants**\n\nTable 4 presents the percentage of the population deprived in each MPI indicator, disaggregated by nationality.\nIn the education dimension, the most significant gap for refugees and migrants lies in educational attainment.\nWhile 27% of national households are deprived in this indicator, the rate rises to 33% among Colombians and\nreaches a striking 51% among Haitians. Venezuelans show a lower deprivation rate of 15%. School\nattendance deprivation is slightly higher among Venezuelan and Colombian households (9%) compared to\nnationals (2%), but notably low among Haitians (1%).\n\n\n**Table 4. Deprived population per indicator of the MPI (%), by displacement status/location**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Dimension Indicator Nationals Ref & Mig
School attendance 2% 8%
Education Educational lag 1% 2%
Educational attainment 27% 21%|Ven Col Hai
9% 9% 1%|\n|---|---|\n|**Dimension**
**Indicator**
**Nationals**
**Ref & Mig**
**Education**
School attendance
**2%**
**8%**
Educational lag
**1%**
**2%**
Educational attainment
**27%**
**21%**|2%
4%
3%|\n|**Dimension**
**Indicator**
**Nationals**
**Ref & Mig**
**Education**
School attendance
**2%**
**8%**
Educational lag
**1%**
**2%**
Educational attainment
**27%**
**21%**|15%
33%
51%|\n|**Health**
Child malnutrition
**5%**
**4%**
Health insurance
**4%**
**28%**
Access to medical services
**7%**
**6%**|4%
3%
6%|\n|**Health**
Child malnutrition
**5%**
**4%**
Health insurance
**4%**
**28%**
Access to medical services
**7%**
**6%**|31%
30%
8%|\n|**Health**
Child malnutrition
**5%**
**4%**
Health insurance
**4%**
**28%**
Access to medical services
**7%**
**6%**|7%
3%
5%|\n|**Employment**
**& Social**
**Security**

Employment
**13%**
**15%**
Social security
**31%**
**46%**
Pensions
**10%**
**9%**|14%
18%
21%
47%
50%
25%
10%
6%
2%|\n|**Housing**
**& Local**
**Environment**

Habitability
**16%**
**31%**
Basic services
**5%**
**4%**
Surroundings
**10%**
**7%**|31%
31%
33%
2%
9%
9%
6%
12%
5%|\n|**Social networks**
**& cohesion**
Social support and participation
**6%**
**18%**
Equal treatment
**16%**
**38%**
Security
**11%**
**9%**
|18%
17%
17%|\n|**Social networks**
**& cohesion**
Social support and participation
**6%**
**18%**
Equal treatment
**16%**
**38%**
Security
**11%**
**9%**
|37%
39%
44%|\n|**Social networks**
**& cohesion**
Social support and participation
**6%**
**18%**
Equal treatment
**16%**
**38%**
Security
**11%**
**9%**
|8%
8%
13%|\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022._\n\n\n\nIn the health dimension, the most marked disparity lies in access to health insurance. Only 4% of nationals\nare deprived, compared to over 30% of Venezuelans and Colombians. Considering that deprivation in access\nto medical services is relatively low (6%), this may suggest reliance on private or informal healthcare options\namong refugees and migrants. Meanwhile, child malnutrition and access to medical services show relatively\nsimilar levels of deprivation across all groups.\n\n\nHousing conditions reveal another critical gap: around one-third of refugee and migrant households live in\novercrowded or substandard housing, double the rate observed among nationals (16%). In the social\nnetworks and cohesion dimension, deprivation in social support and participation is three times higher among\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MPI", - "confidence": 0.6004371047019958, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OPHI", - "confidence": 0.5973739624023438, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.9578596353530884, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "national households", - "confidence": 0.6807206869125366, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MPI indicator", - "confidence": 0.9594026207923889, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "national households", - "confidence": 0.732336699962616, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Educational attainment", - "confidence": 0.7071864008903503, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Nationals", - "confidence": 0.8061864376068115, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health insurance", - "confidence": 0.7983729839324951, - "start": 613, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Access to medical services", - "confidence": 0.5446732044219971, - "start": 636, - "end": 640 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Social networks", - "confidence": 0.6419439911842346, - "start": 1234, - "end": 1236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\nrefugees and migrants than among nationals. Most strikingly, 38% of refugee and migrant households report\nexperiencing discrimination or unfair treatment, rising to 44% among Haitians, making this one of the highest\ndeprivation rates across all indicators, underscoring the presence of xenophobia and racism in the daily lives\nof refugees and migrants.\n\n\n**Table 5. Incidence (H), Intensity (A) and MPI**\n\n\n**Incidence (H)** **Intensity (A)** **MPI** **Confidence intervals**\n**Nationals** **15.7%** **27.4%** **0.043** **(0.042, 0.044)**\n\n**Refugees & Migrants** **29.9%** **30.9%** **0.092** **(0.081, 0.105)**\n\nVenezuelans 29.6% 30.9% 0.091 (0.079, 0.106)\n\nColombians 35.3% 31.6% 0.111 (0.089, 0.138)\n\nHaitians 22.1% 29.2% 0.065 (0.047, 0.088)\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022. The cut-off defining multidimensional poverty is 22.5%._\n\n\nTable 5 presents the incidence (H), intensity (A), and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) across population\ngroups. Overall, the incidence of multidimensional poverty among refugees and migrants (29.9%) is nearly\ndouble that of nationals (15.7%). Among foreign-born groups, Colombians face the highest incidence at\n35.3%, followed by Venezuelans (29.6%) and Haitians (22.1%). While differences in intensity are\npronounced, the average share of deprivations among the poor is less pronounced, but they remain\nmeaningful. Nationals experience a lower intensity (27.4%) compared to refugees and migrants (30.9%),\nwith all refugee and migrant nationalities ranging between 29% and 32%. This suggests that, although the\ndepth of poverty is relatively similar among the poor, a significantly larger share of the foreign population falls\nbelow the multidimensional poverty threshold.\n\n\nAs a result, the MPI score for nationals (0.04) is less than half that of refugees and migrants (0.09), reflecting\na significantly higher level of multidimensional poverty among the latter. Colombians stand out with an MPI\nexceeding 0.10, highlighting the severity of their deprivation relative to both other foreign-born groups and\nthe national population. These findings underscore a critical disparity in living conditions and point to the\nurgent need for differentiated, equity-focused policy responses that address both the prevalence and depth\nof poverty among refugee and migrant populations.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022._\n\nFigure 2 presents the relative incidence of multidimensional poverty among refugees and migrants in Chile,\ncomparing their levels of deprivation against the national population. Specifically, it shows the proportion of\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MPI score", - "confidence": 0.9266927242279053, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CASEN", - "confidence": 0.9249183535575867, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.8012052178382874, - "start": 582, - "end": 583 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9159234762191772, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9209278225898743, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\neach group whose deprivation level is equal to or greater than the median level among Chilean nationals.\nThis relative perspective allows for a more nuanced understanding of inequality, beyond the standard poverty\nthreshold.\n\n\nThe data reveals that 77.6% of refugees and migrants fall at or above the median of multidimensional\ndeprivation among nationals. This proportion is even higher among Haitians (87.3%) and Colombians\n(81.3%), indicating that these nationalities are disproportionately represented in the lower half of Chile\u2019s\nwelfare distribution. While absolute poverty measures capture the most deprived, this relative indicator\nunderscores how far behind most refugees and migrants remain. It points to entrenched structural\ninequalities and emphasizes the importance of integrating relative metrics to inform more inclusive and\nequitable policy responses.\n\n\n**Figure 3. Dimensional contribution to multidimensional poverty**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022._\n\nThe contribution of each dimension to multidimensional poverty reveals important differences between\nnationals and the refugee and migrant population. Among nationals, poverty is primarily driven by the\ndimensions of work and housing. In contrast, for refugees and migrants, deprivation is more evenly\ndistributed across dimensions, with health emerging as a key contributor alongside work and housing.\n\n\nDifferences also emerge across nationalities. Haitians show a poverty profile similar to that of nationals, with\nwork and housing as the main drivers. Colombians, however, stand out as the only group for whom education\nis the leading contributor to poverty, closely followed by work and housing. In contrast, Venezuelans\nexperience poverty primarily through the work dimension, with education playing a comparatively minor role.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\n**Table 6. Multidimensional poverty incidence (H), per subgroups (%)**\n\n|Nationals Ref & Mig
Gender
Male 16% 30%
Female 16% 30%|Ven Col Hai
30% 38% 22%
29% 33% 23%|\n|---|---|\n|**Age group**


0-17
17%
36%
18-29
17%
35%
30-44
13%
25%
45-59
14%
24%
60 or above
19%
41%|


34%
48%
24%
36%
37%
19%
24%
30%
24%
23%
30%
15%
39%
54%
0%|\n|**Region**


Metropolitan
15%
30%
Rest of country
16%
31%|


29%
36%
21%
30%
34%
24%|\n|**Sex of head of household**


Male
14%
28%
Female
17%
33%|


28%
33%
21%
32%
38%
27%|\n|**Children in the household**


HHs with at least a child under 15
18%
35%
No children
13%
21%|


35%
36%
24%
18%
34%
19%|\n\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022. All comparisons within groups present statistical differences, using t-test chi-square statistics, p<0.05._\n\n\nTable 6 and Figure 4 highlight key demographic disparities in multidimensional poverty across population\ngroups. While gender-based differences are generally minimal, a notable exception is observed among\nColombians, where men face a higher poverty incidence (38%) than women (33%).\n\n\nAge is a consistent factor across all groups: individuals aged 60 and over experience the highest poverty\nrates, while those aged 30 to 59 show the lowest. At the household level, both the sex of the household head\nand the presence of children significantly influence poverty outcomes. Among refugees and migrants, 33%\nof female-headed households are poor, compared to 28% of male-headed ones. The presence of children\nfurther amplifies vulnerability\u2014households with children face a poverty incidence of 35%, versus 21% among\nthose without.\n\n\nPoverty incidence among refugee and migrant households is strongly influenced by the time of arrival. The\ndata show a clear pattern: the more recent the arrival, the higher the likelihood of experiencing\nmultidimensional poverty. This trend peaks at 64.2% among those who arrived in the same year the survey\nwas conducted, underscoring the acute vulnerability of newly arrived populations and the urgent need for\nearly integration and support mechanisms. This pattern is particularly pronounced among Venezuelan\nnationals, many of whom entered Chile after the introduction of visa requirements in 2019 and amid a sharp\nrise in irregular border crossings between 2021 and 2022. These more recent arrivals are more likely to face\nirregular status, limited access to documentation, and exclusion from formal labor markets and public\nservices\u2014factors that compound their risk of poverty.\n\nAlthough the CASEN survey does not directly capture legal status, the strong correlation between recent\narrival and higher deprivation suggests that legal status is a critical, though unmeasured, determinant of\npoverty. These findings underscore the importance of considering both the time of arrival and legal status in\npoverty analysis and reinforce the need to expand regularization pathways as a structural response to reduce\nexclusion and support integration.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sex of head of household", - "confidence": 0.7810426354408264, - "start": 336, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 6", - "confidence": 0.5092058181762695, - "start": 529, - "end": 531 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CASEN", - "confidence": 0.9039666652679443, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9618368148803711, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7836108803749084, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5463414788246155, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.8264689445495605, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5126108527183533, - "start": 789, - "end": 790 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant households", - "confidence": 0.5440570712089539, - "start": 680, - "end": 684 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CASEN survey", - "confidence": 0.9992412328720093, - "start": 828, - "end": 830 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5927185416221619, - "start": 829, - "end": 830 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chile", - "confidence": 0.8443353176116943, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan\nnationals", - "confidence": 0.9156779646873474, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\n**Figure 4. Multidimensional poverty incidence (H) among refugees & migrants, by years since arrival**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: CASEN 2022._\n\n### **Policy Considerations**\n\n\nChile\u2019s Multidimensional Poverty Index reveals clear and urgent priorities. **Regularization is central:** without\nlegal status, refugees and migrants face exclusion from employment, health care, education, and social\nprotection. Expanding both ordinary and extraordinary regularization pathways\u2014alongside safe and legal\nentry mechanisms\u2014is essential to guarantee access to rights and reduce exposure to smuggling and\nprotection risks. These measures also foster social cohesion, support economic development, and contribute\nto demographic renewal.\n\n**Poverty is highest among new arrivals, with over 64% classified as being in multidimensional**\n**poverty**, suggesting the need to consider both the initial vulnerabilities of newly arrived populations and the\nbarriers faced by those without regular status, particularly in a context where more restrictive visa\nrequirements have limited access to regular pathways. This underscores the importance of timely access to\ndocumentation, legal orientation, emergency shelter, and essential services that can prevent long-term\nexclusion. Municipalities are key to this first response, yet often lack the resources to sustain it, highlighting\nthe need to strengthen local capacities. As noted by the OECD (2019), early investment in integration\nreduces long-term social and fiscal costs.\n\n**Labour market exclusion and gaps in social protection continue to affect refugees and migrants**\n**disproportionately.** They face higher unemployment and lower social security coverage (e.g., 50% of\nColombians lack social security). Addressing these issues requires recognizing foreign qualifications,\nexpanding job placement services, developing tailored employment programs, and establishing\nregularization mechanisms for individuals lacking legal work authorization.\n\n**Housing conditions are also a concern.** Refugees and migrants experience higher rates of overcrowding\nand substandard housing compared to nationals. Beyond structural barriers to affordable housing, many\nface discrimination and documentation challenges (World Bank, 2023). The growing number of refugees and\nmigrants residing in informal settlements or _campamentos_ (Ministry of Housing, 2024) underscores the need\nfor their inclusion in urban planning and housing policies, ensuring dignified living conditions and promoting\nsocial inclusion.\n\n**In education, school attendance deprivation among refugees and migrants is four times higher than**\n**among Chilean nationals.** This gap reflects persistent barriers to educational access, including language\nobstacles that particularly affect Haitians. Addressing these disparities requires education and outreach\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MPI Evidence Brief** | Chile\n\n\ncampaigns, as well as policies that promote school retention among refugee and migrant children. Evidence\nshows that early enrollment, inclusive school settings, and targeted language support have proven effective\nin reducing long-term learning gaps (Crul et al., 2017; Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz & Heijnen, 2018; OECD, 2017 **).**\n\n**Health access is another critical area, with over 30% of Venezuelans and Colombians lacking**\n**insurance.** Streamlining enrollment processes and expanding community-based health services are critical\nsteps to ensure equitable access and improve health outcomes.\n\n**Discrimination remains a significant barrier to integration.** Haitians report the highest levels of perceived\ndiscrimination (44%), underscoring the need for anti-xenophobia campaigns, stronger legal protections, and\nintercultural education in schools and public institutions. Promoting peaceful coexistence through local-level\ninitiatives is essential for long-term integration.\n\n**Certain groups face compounded vulnerabilities** . Female-headed households and those with children\nshow higher rates of multidimensional poverty. Evidence points to a \u201ctriple disadvantage\u201d where gender, legal\nstatus, and forced displacement intersect. Expanding childcare, cash support, and family services can\nreduce these inequalities. The labor integration of refugee and migrant mothers is associated with better\noutcomes for their children, particularly their daughters (OECD, 2017).\n\n**Chile has the tools and partnerships to respond effectively.** By acting across these priority areas, it can\nstrengthen protection, support integration, and ensure that no one is left behind. Regional coordination\ninitiatives such as the Quito Process and Cartagena +40 offer valuable opportunities for collaboration, while\njoint work with UN agencies under the Resident Coordinator system and the inclusion of displaced\npopulations in national statistics and development plans can contribute to more informed and inclusive\npolicies.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/725133a8-8a8c-5e10-bc39-0f3a16619b19/MPI%20Chile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_481/raw/doc_481_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_481/raw/doc_481_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4f738683a9aae4904d932dc63ddfa5e9b7e0b2e9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_481/raw/doc_481_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,129 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/baf224f4-1524-4fdd-9896-53b7d6a7a47f/Main%20outcomes%20of%20cash%20assistance%20report%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**This document presents the results of 2021 Cash Assistance Post Distribution Monitoring from 44**\n**countries. Cash assistance was effective in responding to people\u2019s needs and helped improving their**\n**living conditions and overall well-being. Cash remained the preferred modality for assistance as**\n**compared to in-kind assistance. The findings, however, also highlight sustained needs and exacerbated**\n**protection risks in the long-term, including for children.**\n\n\nThe findings in this report are based on UNHCR\u2019s Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) data. The data was\ncollected through 19,699 household interviews in 44 countries between January 2021 and March 2022. [1 ]\n\nSome comparisons are made between 2020 and 2021 findings, but these remain indicative and can only\nbe used to depict some rough tendencies.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **CASH IMPROVED LIVING CONDITIONS AND** **WELL-BEING**\n\nCash assistance has been critical for the wellbeing of refugees and others of concern in 2021. 94% of\nthe respondents reported that cash assistance has improved their living conditions, which is in line with\nthe findings in 2020. Of these, 23% stated that cash assistance has significantly improved their living\nconditions while 70% reported moderate or slight improvements. Cash assistance has also helped to\nreduce feelings of stress for 92% of the surveyed households, showing that cash assistance can have an\nimportant, positive psychosocial effect on the well-being of individuals.\n\n\n1 The sampling methodologies vary, and the data is not strictly comparable or representative between countries. Countries covered (44):\nAfghanistan, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Central African Republic, Chile, China, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Dominican Republic, DRC, Ecuador, Egypt, El\nSalvador, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,\nLiberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Suriname and Northern\nCaribbean, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia.\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cash Assistance Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7335628867149353, - "start": 9, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9253111481666565, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9601175785064697, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "44 countries", - "confidence": 0.7222936153411865, - "start": 120, - "end": 122 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7245267033576965, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9315978288650513, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/baf224f4-1524-4fdd-9896-53b7d6a7a47f/Main%20outcomes%20of%20cash%20assistance%20report%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **CASH WAS USED TO MEET BASIC NEEDS**\n\nCash assistance has been a crucial safety net for refugees and IDPs, allowing them to meet their immediate\nbasic needs. As in 2021, food, rent, hygiene items, and health were the largest expenditure categories in\nmost operations. 15% of the interviewed households also used cash assistance to reimburse debt.\n\n\n**Top expenditures, per % of households doing the purchase**\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nRent\n\n\nHygiene Items\n\n\nHealth Costs\n\n\nFirewood / Fuel / Gas\n\n\nClothes / Shoes\n\n\nUtilities and Bills\n\n\nDebt Repayment\n\n\nWater\n\n\nTransport\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nShelter Repair\n\n\nHousehold items\n\n\nOther\n\n\nAssets for livelihood\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 20 40 60 80 100\n\n## **ITEMS AND SERVICES WERE READILY** **AVAILABLE IN THE MARKETS**\n\n\n86% of the households reported having access to key services and goods they needed in the local\nmarkets and shops. This shows a small increase as compared to last year where COVID-related\nrestrictions were reported in several operations and reduced availability of items was reported during the\npeaks of lock-down periods.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/baf224f4-1524-4fdd-9896-53b7d6a7a47f/Main%20outcomes%20of%20cash%20assistance%20report%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **CASH WAS THE PREFERRED MODALITY OF** **ASSISTANCE**\n\nA clear majority of UNHCR\u2019s beneficiaries preferred cash or a combination of cash and in-kind as\nassistance modalities (90%), in line with the findings in 2020. In-kind or combination was preferred in\ncountries where cash was new or where there were some access challenges.\n\n\n**Assistance modality preference, per % of households**\n\n\n\n**% of households who rate cash and/or combination**\n**of cash and in-kind as the preferred modality of assistance**\n\n**% of households who rate in-kind as their preferred**\n**modality of assistance**\n\n\n### **90%** **6.5%**\n\n\n## **NEEDS AND PROTECTION RISKS REMAINED** **SIGNIFICANT**\n\nWhile cash assistance has undeniably helped refugees and others of concern to cover their basic needs,\nmajor gaps and protection risks remain. Overall, 66% of the households could meet only half or less of\ntheir basic needs, while only 12% and 19% report that they could meet all or more than half of their basic\nneeds, respectively. This situation remains critical even if some improvements are noted as compared to\nlast year, when 73% of the households reported that they could meet only half or less of their basic needs.\n\n\n**Ability to meet basic needs, per % of households**\n\n\nNot at all\n\n\n\nMore than half\n**19.06%**\n\n\n\nLess than half\n**31.75%**\nLess than half\nHalf\nMore than half\nAll\nNot at all\nDon\u2019t know\n\n\n\n**29.58%**\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Assistance modality preference", - "confidence": 0.8524725437164307, - "start": 71, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9617223739624023, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8275201916694641, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/baf224f4-1524-4fdd-9896-53b7d6a7a47f/Main%20outcomes%20of%20cash%20assistance%20report%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "74% of the surveyed households, ranging from 9% to over 98% depending on the country, engaged in one\nor more negative coping mechanisms to meet their basic needs. The situation is particularly concerning\nfor refugees due to their often limited rights (i.e., freedom of movement, right to work, access to land etc.),\naffecting their ability to engage in sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n**Coping strategies used, per % of households using coping strategies**\n\n\n\nReduce expenditure to\nmeet household food needs\n\nTake out new loans\nor borrowed money\n\n\nSkip paying rent/debts\n\n\nSell livelihood to buy\nfood or basic goods\n\nStop a child from\nattending school\n\nAsk for money\nfrom strangers\n\nMove to a poorer\nquality shelter\n\nHH sent to work\nfar away\n\n\nReduce expenditure\n\n\nHH members under\nthe age of 16 working\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 20 40 60 80 100\n\n\nRefugees and IDPs engaged in various coping mechanisms making ends meet, as shown in the graphic\nabove. While reducing spending to buy food was the most common coping strategy (77%), some 50%\ntook out new loans. 43% skipped payments, including rent placing them at the risk of eviction, and 22%\nof the respondents reported sales of livelihoods assets. These indicators decreased somewhat from\n2020, where 59% indicated that they skipped paying rent and other payments, and 27% reported sales of\nlivelihoods assets. Such actions are having negative, long-term socio-economic consequences. Begging\nremained high at 16% which is comparable to 2020 and 9% of households engaged in child labour. These\nprotection risks demonstrate a need for continued investment in humanitarian assistance coupled with\nrobust protection interventions and case management.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/baf224f4-1524-4fdd-9896-53b7d6a7a47f/Main%20outcomes%20of%20cash%20assistance%20report%20-%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_482/raw/doc_482_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_482/raw/doc_482_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 46a4a85a2353e87c9814183a9edaa98ff73863a2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_482/raw/doc_482_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "MALI\n# **Analyse de Protection**\n## Mise \u00e0 jour des tendances en mati\u00e8re de conflits et de risques de protection\n### _Octobre 2024 \u00e0 mars 2025_\n\n#### **MAI 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\n**R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLe quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2024 (octobre-d\u00e9cembre 2024), a\nconnu une r\u00e9duction du nombre de violations des droits\nhumains, avec **7 580 violations document\u00e9es** contre **8 312** au\ntroisi\u00e8me trimestre 2024 (-9%). [i] Cette diminution s\u2019explique\npar l\u2019intensification des op\u00e9rations militaires des Forces de\nd\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) dans certaines r\u00e9gions du pays,\nainsi que par les restrictions de mouvements et contraintes\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information du fait des blocus. Les inondations ont\naussi limit\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on temporaire les mouvements des groupes\narm\u00e9s dans les zones en conflits. **714 cas d\u2019inondations** ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s dans 19 r\u00e9gions et le District de Bamako. Ces\ncatastrophes naturelles ont **affect\u00e9 directement 454 898**\n**personnes**, dont une majorit\u00e9 de femmes et d\u2019enfants (plus\nde 72%) [ii], mena\u00e7ant la campagne agricole et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire ainsi que l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services d\u2019eau et\nd\u2019assainissement. **43 828 maisons** effondr\u00e9es, exposant les\nfemmes et les filles \u00e0 des risques accrus de VBG dans des abris\nsurpeupl\u00e9s. Les structures de sant\u00e9 d\u00e9truites et\nendommag\u00e9es, ont limit\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins. [iii]\n\n**6 591 violations des droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es **au 1** **[er]** **trimestre 2025** contre **7 580 violations** au cours du dernier\ntrimestre 2024 (-13 %). Cette tendance \u00e0 la baisse pourrait \u00eatre due \u00e0 l\u2019accroissement des op\u00e9rations militaires durant ces 2\nderniers trimestres. La lev\u00e9e des blocus de L\u00e9r\u00e9 (Tombouctou) le 4 mars et celui de Boni (Douentza) le 27 mars 2025 pourrait\naussi \u00eatre signe d\u2019am\u00e9lioration progressive de la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection au Mali. De plus, l\u2019analyse de la\nperception des communaut\u00e9s sur leur environnement corrobore cette r\u00e9duction des violations rapport\u00e9es. En effet, au 1er\ntrimestre 2024, 50% des m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s indiquaient vivre avec un sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans leur communaut\u00e9 contre\n43% \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2025.\nCependant, si le nombre global de violations des droits humains a diminu\u00e9 au 1er trimestre 2025, le nombre de violations des\ndroits des enfants a lui augment\u00e9 de 97% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024 et 28% par rapport au 1er trimestre 2024\nselon le monitoring de protection.\n\nAu regard de ces situations et du jugement des experts, les risques de protection prioritaires identifi\u00e9s dans la p\u00e9riode\nd\u2019octobre 2024 \u00e0 mars 2025 et n\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate sont les suivants :\n\n**1.** **Attaques contre des civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil.**\n**2.** **Entraves ou restrictions ill\u00e9gales \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de circulation, si\u00e8ge et d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.**\n**3.** **Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre.**\n**4.** **Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs.**\n**5.** **Enl\u00e8vement, s\u00e9questration, disparition forc\u00e9e, arrestation et/ou d\u00e9tention arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale.**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9duction des incidents s\u00e9curitaires dans le pays, la situation de protection reste toujours pr\u00e9occupante avec\nl\u2019exposition des populations civiles \u00e0 la menace et leur recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives, en raison des conflits\narm\u00e9s, de la violence, des chocs climatiques, des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et autres cons\u00e9quences li\u00e9es \u00e0 tous ces facteurs. Il est\nde la plus haute importance de :\n\n\n - Respecter et prot\u00e9ger les droits des civils, les biens civils, y compris l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base (eau, vivres, soins m\u00e9dicaux,\n\u00e9ducation, march\u00e9s\u2026).\n\n - Renforcer et soutenir les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection et les autres structures communautaires afin qu\u2019ils restent au\ncentre des interventions multisectorielles et de protection, men\u00e9es par les acteurs humanitaires.\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s et mobiliser les ressources pour les organisations nationales afin de faire de la localisation une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 au Mali.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\n**CONTEXTE**\n\n\n\n**VIOLATIONS DES** **INCIDENTS** **ATTAQUES CONTRE** **NOMBRE DE** **NOMBRE**\n**DROITS HUMAINS** **DE VBG** **LES CIVILS** **PERSONNES** **D\u2019ECOLES NON**\n\n**D\u00c9PLAC\u00c9ES** **FONCTIONNELLES**\n## **14 171 9 307 1 444 378 363 2 149**\n\n\n\n**VIOLATIONS DES**\n**DROITS HUMAINS**\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS**\n\n\n\n**DE VBG**\n\n\n\n**ATTAQUES CONTRE**\n\n\n\n**NOMBRE DE**\n\n**PERSONNES**\n\n**D\u00c9PLAC\u00c9ES**\n\n\n\n**LES CIVILS**\n\n\n\n**% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEntre octobre 2024 et mars 2025, le nord et le centre du Mali ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de violences et de violations des\ndroits humains, provoquant des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. Le centre du pays\nreste la zone la plus volatile avec des attaques r\u00e9guli\u00e8res contre les forces arm\u00e9es et les civils. Les r\u00e9gions du nord connaissent\nune ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s et aux op\u00e9rations militaires contre ces groupes. La partie sud du pays,\nrelativement stable, connait depuis plusieurs mois, une dynamique pr\u00e9occupante d\u2019expansion des groupes arm\u00e9s. Ces\nincidents traduisent un climat d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et mettent en lumi\u00e8re la complexit\u00e9 des menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur les populations\nciviles.\n\n\n**UN CONTEXTE POLITIQUE, S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET SOCIO\u00c9CONOMIQUE EVOLUTIF**\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire dans certaines parties du Mali affecte la r\u00e9silience des populations et les expose \u00e0 divers chocs. Malgr\u00e9\nles efforts consid\u00e9rables d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par le Gouvernement malien, les populations civiles continuent de subir de nombreuses\nexactions les for\u00e7ant \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer, notamment dans le nord et le centre du pays. Le contexte s\u00e9curitaire fragilise non\nseulement l\u2019environnement protecteur des civils mais exacerbe aussi les contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, retardant ainsi\nl\u2019acheminement de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire aux plus vuln\u00e9rables. Aux enjeux s\u00e9curitaires, se sont ajout\u00e9s les effets\nd\u00e9vastateurs et meurtriers du changement climatique au Mali.\n\nSur le plan politique, le 22 novembre 2024, un nouveau gouvernement de 28 membres a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le limogeage, le 20\nnovembre 2024, de l\u2019ancien Premier ministre et ce, par un d\u00e9cret pr\u00e9sidentiel. Le 28 janvier 2025, marque le retrait d\u00e9finitif\ndu Burkina Faso, du Mali et du Niger de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO). La p\u00e9riode\nsous revue a aussi connu des tensions diplomatiques entre le Mali et ses pays voisins que sont l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et la Mauritanie. En\neffet, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a longtemps jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le de m\u00e9diateur dans les n\u00e9gociations de paix au Mali, en particulier avec l\u2019accord d\u2019Alger\nde 2015 entre Bamako et les groupes rebelles. Mais les relations se sont tendues depuis que Bamako a accus\u00e9 Alger de soutenir\nces groupes. Tout r\u00e9cemment, la destruction d\u2019un drone malien dans la nuit du 31 mars au 1er avril 2025, a de nouveau\noccasionn\u00e9 de nouvelles tensions.\n\n\nAu mois de mars 2025, plusieurs ressortissants maliens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 refoul\u00e9s de la Mauritanie et abandonn\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re, pr\u00e8s de\nla localit\u00e9 de Gogui. Ces expulsions forc\u00e9es ont aussi cr\u00e9\u00e9 une tension entre les deux pays. Pour cette r\u00e9cente crise, les autorit\u00e9s\ndes deux pays ont choisi la voie de la diplomatie afin de trouver des solutions.\n\n\nLa situation socio-\u00e9conomique du Mali est marqu\u00e9e par des d\u00e9fis importants, mais aussi par des signes de r\u00e9silience et de\nreprise. Les efforts pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience face aux chocs climatiques et am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des populations\n[sont cruciaux pour l'avenir du pays. Les s\u00e9cheresses r\u00e9currentes et les inondations ont des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9vastatrices sur](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=eeaf2fb4a79ecffd39fd9013c048d8951c2cac9ae8e273eee9a5074376693a0bJmltdHM9MTc0NjkyMTYwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=14d394b4-5304-6d18-249a-875052bd6c2e&psq=situation+socio-economique+du+Mali&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFucXVlbW9uZGlhbGUub3JnL2ZyL2NvdW50cnkvbWFsaS9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pYy11cGRhdGUtbWFsaS0yMDIzLWJ1aWxkaW5nLWZpbmFuY2lhbC1yZXNpbGllbmNlLWluLXJlc3BvbnNlLXRvLXJlY3VycmVudC1kcm91Z2h0cw&ntb=1)\n[l'\u00e9conomie malienne. Ces conditions ont exacerb\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9leveurs et des agriculteurs, entra\u00eenant des conflits pour](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=eeaf2fb4a79ecffd39fd9013c048d8951c2cac9ae8e273eee9a5074376693a0bJmltdHM9MTc0NjkyMTYwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=14d394b4-5304-6d18-249a-875052bd6c2e&psq=situation+socio-economique+du+Mali&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFucXVlbW9uZGlhbGUub3JnL2ZyL2NvdW50cnkvbWFsaS9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pYy11cGRhdGUtbWFsaS0yMDIzLWJ1aWxkaW5nLWZpbmFuY2lhbC1yZXNpbGllbmNlLWluLXJlc3BvbnNlLXRvLXJlY3VycmVudC1kcm91Z2h0cw&ntb=1)\n[l'acc\u00e8s aux ressources. Malgr\u00e9 les pr\u00e9visions de croissance, des d\u00e9fis subsistent, notamment des tensions politiques, des crises](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=eeaf2fb4a79ecffd39fd9013c048d8951c2cac9ae8e273eee9a5074376693a0bJmltdHM9MTc0NjkyMTYwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=14d394b4-5304-6d18-249a-875052bd6c2e&psq=situation+socio-economique+du+Mali&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFucXVlbW9uZGlhbGUub3JnL2ZyL2NvdW50cnkvbWFsaS9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pYy11cGRhdGUtbWFsaS0yMDIzLWJ1aWxkaW5nLWZpbmFuY2lhbC1yZXNpbGllbmNlLWluLXJlc3BvbnNlLXRvLXJlY3VycmVudC1kcm91Z2h0cw&ntb=1)\n\u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, et les impacts du changement climatique. \ufffc\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\n**LA PROTECTION DES POPULATIONS CIVILES, ENJEU MAJEUR DE LA CRISE MALIENNE**\n\n\nDu 1 [er] octobre 2024 au 31 mars 2025, les forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maliennes ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 intensifier les op\u00e9rations\net les patrouilles militaires dans les zones en conflits. Les activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s se sont aussi poursuivies \u00e0 travers les\nattaques, les menaces et la pose des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces menaces, les forces arm\u00e9es maliennes,\nsouvent en collaboration avec des partenaires internationaux, ont men\u00e9 plusieurs op\u00e9rations militaires contre les groupes\narm\u00e9s afin de r\u00e9tablir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones en conflit. On note \u00e0 cet effet, \u00e0 travers les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de\nprotection, que **14 171 violations de droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es durant la p\u00e9riode sous revue (octobre 2024-mars\n2025) contre **15 815 violations d\u2019octobre 2023 \u00e0 mars 2024** soit une r\u00e9duction de 10% entre les deux p\u00e9riodes comparatives.\nMalgr\u00e9 ces efforts, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection reste encore fragile et les m\u00eames cat\u00e9gories de violations\ncontinuent \u00e0 \u00eatre rapport\u00e9es notamment les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie, les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychique, les\nmouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. A cette situation s\u2019ajoutent les effets directs du\nchangement climatique qui ont beaucoup impact\u00e9 l\u2019environnement de protection dans le pays et les blocus impos\u00e9s par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans certaines localit\u00e9s. Ces blocus ont restreint \u00e0 la fois les mouvements des populations civiles et ceux des\nacteurs humanitaires dans les r\u00e9gions du centre et du nord. Ces dynamiques complexifient l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, exacerbent la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des civils, et rendent n\u00e9cessaire une r\u00e9ponse int\u00e9gr\u00e9e combinant protection, assistance d\u2019urgence, et plaidoyer\npour le respect du droit international des droits de l\u2019homme et le droit international humanitaire. Les r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou,\nM\u00e9naka et de Sikasso ont \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es, avec une augmentation des attaques et des incidents violents,\naffectant gravement le quotidien des populations civiles.\n\n\nDans les r\u00e9gions du centre et du nord, les affrontements arm\u00e9s ont impact\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience des\npopulations civiles. Les femmes, les hommes et les enfants, ainsi que d'autres groupes vuln\u00e9rables (personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et\nhandicap\u00e9es, minorit\u00e9s ethniques), subissent diff\u00e9remment les cons\u00e9quences des menaces en raison de leur \u00e2ge, de leur\ngenre, de leur situation physique ou sociale. Les femmes et les enfants dans les zones d\u2019hostilit\u00e9s ont difficilement acc\u00e8s aux\nservices sociaux de base. Les femmes et les filles sont sp\u00e9cifiquement expos\u00e9es aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG), y\ncompris les mariages d\u2019enfants et forc\u00e9s, les enl\u00e8vements, le d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, et diverses formes de\ndiscrimination. Elles sont souvent priv\u00e9es de soins de sant\u00e9 et de moyens de protection. Les hommes et les gar\u00e7ons font face\n\u00e0 des risques accrus d\u2019enr\u00f4lement forc\u00e9, de violence physique, de d\u00e9tention arbitraire, de s\u00e9questration, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 une forte\nexposition au banditisme et \u00e0 la consommation de la drogue, souvent comme m\u00e9canismes de survie ou de coercition. Les\npersonnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et celles vivant avec un handicap subissent quant \u00e0 elles une exclusion syst\u00e9matique, notamment la difficult\u00e9\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins, l\u2019isolement social, et une grande vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 en cas de d\u00e9placement ou de s\u00e9paration familiale.\n\nLes besoins en protection, en \u00e9ducation, en sant\u00e9 et en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire des populations civiles restent importants dans le\ncontexte actuel de r\u00e9duction drastique des ressources financi\u00e8res. En effet, le Mali fait face \u00e0 une crise humanitaire\npersistante, exacerb\u00e9e par une r\u00e9duction significative des financements internationaux. L\u2019annonce en janvier 2025, du gel et\nensuite de la r\u00e9duction des financements am\u00e9ricains a eu un impact consid\u00e9rable sur les interventions et la coordination de la\nprotection au Mali. Les secteurs de la VBG et de la lutte antimines ainsi que les activit\u00e9s de protection dans les r\u00e9gions du nord\net du centre avec des besoins consid\u00e9rables, restent les plus affect\u00e9s par cette baisse subite des financements.\n\n\nLes contraintes d'acc\u00e8s, combin\u00e9es \u00e0 l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et aux d\u00e9placements massifs de populations, entravent la mise en \u0153uvre\nefficace des programmes de protection sur le terrain. Face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, le Cluster Protection doit adopter des strat\u00e9gies\ninnovantes, telles que la mobilit\u00e9 des services, le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection, la\ncollaboration \u00e9troite avec les acteurs locaux et l'optimisation des ressources disponibles, pour continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins urgents des populations vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n##### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nD\u2019octobre 2024 \u00e0 mars 2025, selon les donn\u00e9es ACLED, **1 444 personnes** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es dans le cadre de la violence arm\u00e9e avec\n**758 incidents s\u00e9curitaires** recens\u00e9s (conflit arm\u00e9, violences contre les civils et explosions) dans 9 r\u00e9gions du Mali (Gao, Kayes\nKidal Koulikoro, M\u00e9naka, Mopti S\u00e9gou Sikasso et Tombouctou). Ces donn\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentent 50% de diminution compar\u00e9es \u00e0\ncelles collect\u00e9es dans la p\u00e9riode du 1 [er] octobre 2023 au 31 mars 2024 (2 876 personnes tu\u00e9es dans 966 incidents). [iv]\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection indique qu\u2019au total **765 personnes** ont perdu la vie dans les attaques contre les civils et les biens\n\u00e0 caract\u00e8re civil (429 personnes au 4 [\u00e8me] trimestre 2024 et 336 autres au 1 [er] trimestre 2025) [v] . Ces risques de protection touchent\npratiquement l\u2019ensemble des 19 r\u00e9gions du Mali. Toutefois, les r\u00e9gions de Mopti, Bandiagara, Douentza, Gao et Tombouctou\ndemeurent celles qui rapportent le plus d\u2019incidents en lien avec ces risques. Les populations rurales et nomades, ainsi que les\ncommer\u00e7ants subissent des attaques fr\u00e9quentes (enl\u00e8vements, agressions, extorsions, taxes ill\u00e9gales, violences physiques,\ndestructions, d\u00e9tentions arbitraires et dommages li\u00e9s aux frappes de drones).\n\n\nLors des affrontements avec les forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS), les groupes armes privil\u00e9gient les attaques surprises,\nles embuscades, et la pose d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s, causant ainsi des victimes parmi les populations civiles. Celles-ci\nprises entre deux feux, sont souvent accus\u00e9es de complicit\u00e9 avec l\u2019adversaire et subissent des exactions, provoquant des\nd\u00e9placements massifs des populations. Dans ce contexte, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif paie un lourd tribut, avec **2 149 \u00e9coles non**\n**fonctionnelles** en mars 2025, dont **2 006 \u00e9coles** pour cause d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, contre **1 975 \u00e9coles en f\u00e9vrier 2025**, soit une\naugmentation du taux de fermeture \u00e0 hauteur de **20** %, affectant **601 800 enfants** (Cf. Cluster Education).\n\n\nSi une baisse des violations est constat\u00e9e au niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral par le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection, pour les enfants, on\nnote une augmentation des atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychique ; 463 cas (60% de filles) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au\npremier trimestre 2025, correspondant \u00e0 une augmentation de 108% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024 et 160% par\nrapport au premier trimestre 2024. Ces types d\u2019atteintes repr\u00e9sentaient 49% des violations document\u00e9es contre les enfants\nau premier trimestre 2025 et 47% au dernier trimestre 2024. Une augmentation importante de la proportion de la violence\npsychologique/\u00e9motionnelle est constat\u00e9e, passant de 18% des incidents au premier trimestre 2024, \u00e0 34% au quatri\u00e8me\ntrimestre 2024 et 41% au premier trimestre 2025. Par ailleurs, le rapport du Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations Unies (SGNU) sur\nles enfants et le conflit arm\u00e9 au Mali, publi\u00e9 le 09 janvier 2025, indique une augmentation de 23% du nombre d\u2019enfants tu\u00e9s\nentre avril 2023 et mars 2024 par rapport \u00e0 avril 2022 et mars 2023. [vi] Le prochain rapport dont la publication est pr\u00e9vue en\njuin 2025 pourrait confirmer cette tendance.\n\n\nLes groupes arm\u00e9s sont les principaux responsables des attaques contre les civils et les biens de caract\u00e8re civil. Les bandits\narm\u00e9s et les individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s profitent de la situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour commettre des atteintes aux droits des\npopulations civiles. La d\u00e9faillance des m\u00e9canismes de protection en place donne lieu \u00e0 un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de violations des droits\nhumains et la restriction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux populations civiles dans les zones en conflits. Les populations d\u00e9j\u00e0 vuln\u00e9rables par les\nattaques et la perte des biens, subissent des cons\u00e9quences physiques, psychologiques et socio-\u00e9conomiques graves de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nLes attaques indiscrimin\u00e9es touchent de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e certaines cat\u00e9gories de populations, notamment les\nhommes, les femmes, les jeunes filles et les gar\u00e7ons. Les populations rurales sont le plus souvent les plus touch\u00e9es, notamment\nles communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes portant la charge des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ainsi que les PDI, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile, les rapatri\u00e9s et\nles autres communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables qui ont perdu leurs biens et vivent dans une d\u00e9tresse psychologique.\n\n\nLa menace s\u00e9curitaire affecte plusieurs r\u00e9gions du Mali, en particulier les zones transfrontali\u00e8res, les localit\u00e9s enclav\u00e9es et\ncelles marqu\u00e9es par une faible pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Bandiagara, Douentza, Gao, Kidal, Kita, Kayes, M\u00e9naka, Mopti, Nara, Nioro,\nSan, S\u00e9gou, Sikasso, Taoud\u00e9ni et Tombouctou restent les zones les plus affect\u00e9es par la menace. Les attaques sont plus\nr\u00e9currentes durant la p\u00e9riode des cultures, lors des foires hebdomadaires, dans les p\u00e9riodes de d\u00e9crue. Ces attaques ont\nd\u2019importantes r\u00e9percussions sur les conditions de vie des populations, exacerbant leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et cr\u00e9ant un cycle de\nviolence reconnue pour sa r\u00e9currence.\n\n\nFace aux diff\u00e9rentes menaces et attaques, les populations civiles n\u2019ont d\u2019autres choix que de se d\u00e9placer (raisons pr\u00e9ventives\nou forc\u00e9es) ou d\u2019utiliser les m\u00e9canismes locaux de protection \u00e0 savoir les comit\u00e9s et brigades de veille locaux, la m\u00e9diation et\nla solidarit\u00e9 communautaire.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nEntre octobre 2024 et mars 2025, les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre du Mali ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 une d\u00e9gradation\npersistante de la situation s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire. Dans ce contexte marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019instabilit\u00e9, un total de **245 cas d\u2019entraves**\n**\u00e0 la libert\u00e9**, incluant les arrestations arbitraires, les d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, les restrictions de mouvement, ainsi que les menaces\nou intimidations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civils, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans le cadre du monitoring de protection. **90% de ces cas** (218\ncas) affectent directement les enfants. De plus, les menaces contre les enfants ont augment\u00e9 de 22% au premier trimestre\n2024 \u00e0 34% au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2024, puis 38% au premier trimestre 2025.\n\n\nParall\u00e8lement, **2 753 cas de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s, essentiellement en raison d\u2019actes de violence, d\u2019attaques\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s et de conflits intercommunautaires. Ces d\u00e9placements massifs t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019intensification des violences\net du climat d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui poussent les populations \u00e0 fuir leurs villages d\u2019origine, souvent dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires et\nsans acc\u00e8s aux services de base. Ces donn\u00e9es illustrent l\u2019ampleur des atteintes aux droits humains et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 urgente d\u2019une\nr\u00e9ponse coordonn\u00e9e pour renforcer la protection des civils, tout en soutenant les m\u00e9canismes de suivi, d\u2019alerte et d\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire dans les zones les plus affect\u00e9es. Ces donn\u00e9es traduisent \u00e9galement une dynamique inqui\u00e9tante d'aggravation\ndes violences et d'effondrement progressif des m\u00e9canismes de protection des civils dans les zones rurales et p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques,\no\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est souvent limit\u00e9e, voire absente. L\u2019intensification des entraves \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de circulation\ndes civils sugg\u00e8re non seulement une instrumentalisation du contr\u00f4le social par des groupes arm\u00e9s, mais aussi un climat\nd\u2019impunit\u00e9 croissante.\n\n\n**Les d\u00e9placements comme facteur exacerbant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations**\n\n\nLe Mali connait une **situation de d\u00e9placements mixtes** qui affectent les ressources d\u00e9j\u00e0 faibles dans les zones d\u2019accueil des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En septembre 2024, le pays comptait un total de 105 185 m\u00e9nages (378 363\npersonnes) d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9gions. La population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e est compos\u00e9e de 58% de femmes et 42%\nd\u2019hommes.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nLe pourcentage d\u2019enfants de moins de 18 ans est de 58% (filles et gar\u00e7ons). [vii] Entre septembre 2012 et septembre 2024, ce\nsont 854 956 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui sont retourn\u00e9es dans leur lieu de provenance.\n\n\nSelon le monitoring de protection, le nombre de cas li\u00e9s aux mouvements d\u2019enfants \u00e9tait de 365 (64% de filles) au premier\ntrimestre 2025 et a donc augment\u00e9 de 120% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024, mais baiss\u00e9 de 9% par rapport au premier\ntrimestre 2024. Les mouvements repr\u00e9sentaient 39% des cas de violations document\u00e9es envers les enfants au premier\ntrimestre 2025 et 35% au dernier trimestre 2024. La majorit\u00e9 des cas li\u00e9s aux mouvements d\u2019enfants sont des d\u00e9placements\ninternes forc\u00e9s en fonction de la violence, conflit et ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, avec toutefois une baisse en proportion, de 98% des\nmouvements au premier trimestre 2024 \u00e0 86% au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2024, et 66% au premier trimestre 2025. Ces\nd\u00e9placements accroissent les risques pour les enfants, notamment s\u00e9parations familiales et atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et\npsychique, y compris les VBG.\n\n\nEn plus des d\u00e9placements internes, le Mali connait une situation de mouvements mixtes avec la pr\u00e9sence de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile et de rapatri\u00e9s. \u00c0 la date du 31 mars 2025, 135 567 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile r\u00e9sident au Mali. Cela\nest d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019impact direct de la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et au contexte de protection des civils dans les r\u00e9gions\nfrontali\u00e8res entre les pays de l\u2019Alliance des Etats du Sahel (AES).\n\n\n**Les restrictions de mouvements comme facteur de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations civiles**\n\n\nLes principales causes des **entraves ou restrictions ill\u00e9gales \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de circulation, si\u00e8ge et d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9** au Mali\nsont li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence active des groupes arm\u00e9s (GA), aux braquages fr\u00e9quents sur les axes routiers, aux op\u00e9rations militaires\nmen\u00e9es dans certaines zones, ainsi qu\u2019aux conflits opposant diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s. \u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoutent la criminalit\u00e9, le\nbanditisme, les tensions intra et intercommunautaires, et l\u2019absence de documents civils, qui exposent davantage les individus\naux arrestations arbitraires et aux restrictions de mouvement. D\u2019autres facteurs comme les couvre-feux, les restrictions d\u2019acc\u00e8s\nimpos\u00e9es \u00e0 certaines localit\u00e9s, les intemp\u00e9ries, les expulsions forc\u00e9es, le d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles et les menaces\nou intimidations directes aggravent davantage cette situation. Ces causes sont exacerb\u00e9es par un ensemble de facteurs\nstructurels et conjoncturels : la pauvret\u00e9 chronique, le ch\u00f4mage des jeunes, l\u2019absence de services sociaux de base, les divisions\ncommunautaires souvent aliment\u00e9es par des consid\u00e9rations ethniques ou territoriales, la faiblesse de l\u2019\u00c9tat de droit dans\ncertaines parties et le sentiment d\u2019impunit\u00e9. Dans certaines zones, des croyances ou discours extr\u00e9mistes sont \u00e9galement\nutilis\u00e9s pour justifier des pratiques coercitives contre des civils. Ainsi, les entraves \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s ne\nsont pas seulement le r\u00e9sultat de la violence arm\u00e9e, mais aussi l\u2019expression d\u2019un contexte plus large de fragilit\u00e9 institutionnelle,\nd\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et de rupture du contrat social.\n\n\nLes groupes arm\u00e9s restent les principaux instigateurs des violences, imposant leur propre gouvernance et des restrictions de\nmouvement aux civils. Il y a aussi les forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et leurs partenaires militaires dont certaines op\u00e9rations de s\u00e9curisation\nentrainent souvent des victimes collat\u00e9rales et des d\u00e9placements de populations. Dans certains cas, les groupes d\u2019autod\u00e9fense, cens\u00e9s prot\u00e9ger leurs communaut\u00e9s, se livrent \u00e0 des repr\u00e9sailles ou des abus contre des civils assimil\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s rivaux. Les individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s nourrissent un climat de peur \u00e0 travers des braquages et des pillages sur les\naxes routiers, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 la restriction des mouvements des populations.\n\n\nDans plusieurs zones difficiles d\u2019acc\u00e8s, notamment dans les cercles de Douentza, Koro, Gourma-Rharous, Niafunk\u00e9, Tessit,\nAnderamboukane, et certaines parties de M\u00e9naka, la situation des populations civiles est particuli\u00e8rement critique. **Ces zones,**\n**souvent sous contr\u00f4le de groupes arm\u00e9s ou sujettes \u00e0 des si\u00e8ges, souffrent d\u2019un acc\u00e8s humanitaire extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9.** Les\ncivils font face \u00e0 de graves difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement, notamment en vivres, m\u00e9dicaments, et biens de premi\u00e8re\nn\u00e9cessit\u00e9. Les march\u00e9s sont ferm\u00e9s ou inaccessibles, les voies de transport sont min\u00e9es ou contr\u00f4l\u00e9es, et les convois\nhumanitaires sont souvent attaqu\u00e9s ou bloqu\u00e9s. Parmi les groupes les plus touch\u00e9s figurent les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n(PDI), les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les retourn\u00e9s, les rapatri\u00e9s, les migrants, ainsi que les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Ces populations, d\u00e9j\u00e0\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 des conditions de vie pr\u00e9caires, sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, de la perte de leurs\nmoyens de subsistance, du manque de services sociaux de base, et de leur exposition accrue aux abus. Par exemple, dans des\ncercles tels que Tessit, Nampala, M\u00e9naka, Koro ou Niafunk\u00e9, la quasi-absence de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019encerclement militaire ou\nl\u2019isolement physique rendent les populations locales particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux privations, aux abus, et \u00e0 l\u2019abandon.\nDans ces zones, les femmes, les enfants non accompagn\u00e9s, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les minorit\u00e9s ethniques ou sociales sont\nsouvent les plus touch\u00e9s, du fait d\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection, \u00e0 l\u2019information et aux m\u00e9canismes de plainte. Les r\u00e9gions du\nnord, notamment M\u00e9naka, Gao, Tombouctou, Kidal, et Taoud\u00e9ni, sont les plus touch\u00e9es, avec une fr\u00e9quence \u00e9lev\u00e9e\nd\u2019incidents li\u00e9s aux conflits arm\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019occupation de territoires par des groupes arm\u00e9s, et aux restrictions s\u00e9v\u00e8res de\nmouvements.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nFace \u00e0 l\u2019intensit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 des menaces, les populations civiles d\u00e9veloppent des strat\u00e9gies locales d\u2019adaptation pour\nr\u00e9duire leur exposition au danger et renforcer leur r\u00e9silience. Parmi ces strat\u00e9gies, **le dialogue communautaire** est l\u2019un des\nm\u00e9canismes les plus utilis\u00e9s, visant \u00e0 d\u00e9samorcer les conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Une\nmeilleure compr\u00e9hension des dynamiques du conflit, facilit\u00e9e par les leaders locaux et les ONG, permet \u00e9galement de pr\u00e9venir\ncertains affrontements. **La reconnaissance des l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9s traditionnelles et coutumi\u00e8res** joue un r\u00f4le central dans la gestion\ndes tensions, en particulier dans les zones o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00c9tat est peu pr\u00e9sent. Par ailleurs, le d\u00e9veloppement de **syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alerte**\n**communautaire** (bas\u00e9s sur des r\u00e9seaux de veille ou des communications via t\u00e9l\u00e9phone) permet aux communaut\u00e9s de signaler\nrapidement les menaces ou incidents et de r\u00e9agir collectivement pour se prot\u00e9ger ou \u00e9vacuer. Les communaut\u00e9s locales ont\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies r\u00e9silientes, souvent fond\u00e9es sur la solidarit\u00e9, l\u2019ing\u00e9niosit\u00e9, et l\u2019adaptation des moyens de subsistance.\nMalgr\u00e9 les risques, les populations parviennent \u00e0 contourner certaines restrictions de mouvement en empruntant des pistes\nsecondaires ou en organisant des convois communautaires. Ces r\u00e9ponses varient cependant en fonction du niveau de danger,\nde l\u2019histoire des conflits locaux et du niveau d\u2019organisation sociale des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe gouvernement malien, dans le contexte complexe d\u2019un conflit multidimensionnel, a entrepris certaines actions pour r\u00e9duire\nles effets des menaces. Parmi les efforts notables figurent la **mobilisation rapide de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire d\u2019urgence**,\nparticuli\u00e8rement lors d\u2019attaques massives ou de d\u00e9placements soudains de population. Le **d\u00e9ploiement s\u00e9curitaire**, via les\nforces arm\u00e9es et leurs partenaires, a pour but de restaurer un minimum de stabilit\u00e9 dans les zones critiques, bien que souvent\nper\u00e7u par les communaut\u00e9s comme partiel ou inadapt\u00e9. Des initiatives telles que la **relocalisation temporaire des services**\n**administratifs et sociaux** dans des zones jug\u00e9es plus s\u00fbres ont permis de maintenir un certain acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9tat civil et aux services\nsociaux de base pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, des espaces d\u2019accueil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et am\u00e9nag\u00e9s pour r\u00e9pondre\naux besoins urgents des populations en fuite. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 ces efforts, plusieurs mesures restent \u00e0 renforcer ou \u00e0 initier.\n\n##### **RISQUE 3 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre**\n\n\nEntre octobre 2024 et mars 2025, **9 307 incidents de VBG** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9duction drastique de la couverture\nhumanitaire. Malheureusement, le nombre d\u2019acteurs actifs dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Tombouctou et Mopti est pass\u00e9 de 92 \u00e0\nseulement 27 acteurs, suite \u00e0 la suspension des financements en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025. La majorit\u00e9 des 65 structures ayant\ncess\u00e9 leurs activit\u00e9s \u00e9taient engag\u00e9es dans la prise en charge, la pr\u00e9vention et surtout la documentation des cas via le GBVIMS.\nCela signifie que les donn\u00e9es disponibles sous-estiment consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019ampleur r\u00e9elle des violences, particuli\u00e8rement\ndans les zones dans lesquelles l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire ainsi que la disponibilit\u00e9 des services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s VBG sont compromis.\n\nEntre octobre et d\u00e9cembre 2024, **8 136 incidents de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG)** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s via le GBVIMS,\ncontre **7 340 cas \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023**, soit une augmentation de 11%. Cette tendance \u00e0 la hausse est \u00e9galement\nobserv\u00e9e par rapport au 3\u1d49 trimestre 2024 (7 000 cas), indiquant un maintien de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des violences en fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024.\n\nCependant **, le premier trimestre 2025**, marque une\nrupture brutale dans la capacit\u00e9 de documentation des\nincidents de VBG. Par cons\u00e9quent, seuls **1 171 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9**\n**rapport\u00e9s** entre janvier et mars 2025, **contre 2 315 cas \u00e0**\n**la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2024**, soit une r\u00e9duction de 50% des\nincidents. 22% des cas document\u00e9s sont des violences\nsexuelles dont 12% d\u2019agressions sexuelles,\nrespectivement 21% et 22% sont des cas de violences\npsychologiques et de d\u00e9ni de ressources. Les incidents\nd\u2019agressions physiques et de mariage forc\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentent\n8% et 28%. En 2024, les structures sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es ont\ndocument\u00e9 82 cas de grossesses r\u00e9sultant d\u2019un viol. Des\nincidents particuli\u00e8rement graves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s au\ndernier trimestre 2024, notamment des cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de viols syst\u00e9matiques de femmes et\nfilles lors d\u2019attaques de bus de transport sur les axes routiers Hombori-Gao, S\u00e9var\u00e9-Koro et Bandiagara.\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la baisse des incidents d\u2019un trimestre \u00e0 un autre (4 [\u00e8me] trimestre 2024 et 1 [er] trimestre 2025), ne refl\u00e8te pas\nune am\u00e9lioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection, mais plut\u00f4t un effondrement du syst\u00e8me de signalement et de\nprise en charge des cas de VBG. Le recul observ\u00e9 est directement li\u00e9 \u00e0 un affaiblissement structurel de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire,\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nattribuable \u00e0 plusieurs facteurs combin\u00e9s, notamment (i) la suspension ou fermeture de services essentiels dans plusieurs\nlocalit\u00e9s en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du d\u00e9sengagement des partenaires ; (ii) le d\u00e9part massif du personnel qualifi\u00e9,\ncons\u00e9quence directe des restrictions budg\u00e9taires qui ont suivi l\u2019arr\u00eat des financements cl\u00e9s (celui de l\u2019USAID) ; (iii) la\npersistance du sous-signalement, aliment\u00e9e par la stigmatisation sociale, la peur des repr\u00e9sailles, et l\u2019absence d\u2019espaces s\u00fbrs\net de m\u00e9canismes confidentiels de signalement.\n\n\nL\u2019analyse des tendances du GBVIMS du premier trimestre 2025, identifie **les partenaires intimes** (53 %) et **les membres de la**\n**communaut\u00e9 proche** tels que les amis, voisins, membres de la famille \u00e9largie (12 %) comme les principaux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs\nde VBG. Ces chiffres s\u2019expliquent ais\u00e9ment dans le contexte socioculturel malien, marqu\u00e9 par un patriarcat profond\u00e9ment\nenracin\u00e9 et des structures familiales traditionnelles fortement hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9es. Parmi les profils des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs rapport\u00e9s,\ndivers membres de la communaut\u00e9 sont identifi\u00e9s. Les cultivateurs et les fermiers repr\u00e9sentent 16%, suivis des commer\u00e7ants\nou propri\u00e9taires d\u2019entreprises \u00e0 14%. Bien qu\u2019ils ne constituent que 2% et 3% des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s au niveau global, il est\nimportant de souligner que 65 incidents de VBG enregistr\u00e9s durant le trimestre impliqueraient des enseignants (40 cas) et des\n\u00e9l\u00e8ves (25 cas). Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis persistants li\u00e9s \u00e0 la signalisation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation des incidents impliquant des acteurs\nhumanitaires, les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es pour ce premier trimestre r\u00e9v\u00e8lent l\u2019implication de 6 membres du personnel judiciaire,\n15 agents de sant\u00e9 et 5 employ\u00e9s d\u2019ONG qui eux, sont auteurs de 2 cas d\u2019agression physique, 1 cas de d\u00e9ni de ressources et 2\ncas de violence psychologique. Plusieurs \u00e9valuations qualitatives et retours communautaires font \u00e9tat de situations\npr\u00e9occupantes, en particulier dans les zones de d\u00e9placement \u00e0 forte d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire, o\u00f9 les m\u00e9canismes de\nredevabilit\u00e9 sont souvent d\u00e9faillants. Toutefois, seulement 18% des informateurs cl\u00e9s enqu\u00eat\u00e9s dans le cadre du monitoring\nde protection soulignent avoir des probl\u00e8mes de communication avec les organisations humanitaires pr\u00e9sentes dans leur\ncommunaut\u00e9 et cela pour des raisons li\u00e9es, entre autres, au manque d\u2019informations sur comment contacter ces organisations.\n\n\nSelon les rapports du GBVIMS du dernier trimestre 2024 et du premier trimestre 2025, les incidents de VBG impliquant des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent environ 11 % des cas enregistr\u00e9s, dont 4% attribu\u00e9s aux forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maliennes\net 7% aux groupes arm\u00e9s. Cependant, \u00e0 observer de plus pr\u00e8s, 64% des incidents de violences sexuelles rapport\u00e9s (viols et\nagressions sexuelles) au cours de la p\u00e9riode d\u2019analyse, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des acteurs arm\u00e9s, soulignant la gravit\u00e9 de\nla violence sexuelle dans le contexte de conflit arm\u00e9 au Mali.\n\n\nToujours selon le GBVIMS, les **femmes et les filles** repr\u00e9sentaient respectivement 98% des personnes survivantes au dernier\ntrimestre 2024, dont 33% de filles, et 95% au premier trimestre 2025, dont 20% de filles (7% de 0-11 ans et 13% de 12-17 ans).\nSur les 251 incidents de violences sexuelles rapport\u00e9s au premier trimestre 2025, 147 cas, soit 58% des incidents concernaient\nles filles. Sur 83 incidents de mariage forc\u00e9, 38% \u00e9taient des mariages d\u2019enfants. Ceci est corrobor\u00e9 par les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une\nenqu\u00eate de perception men\u00e9e par UNICEF et PREMISE au premier trimestre 2025 avec 45% des r\u00e9pondants indiquant le\nmariage et 45% indiquant les abus sexuels comme risques majeurs pour les filles. Le travail des enfants est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 31%\nun risque majeur pour les filles et 44% comme un risque majeur pour les gar\u00e7ons. Par ailleurs, la MSNA Mali 2024, indique que\n45% des m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s identifient comme principale raison de la s\u00e9paration familiale le mariage et/ou la grossesse et 43%\nle travail des enfants.\n\n\nLes **gar\u00e7ons et les hommes** sont aussi affect\u00e9s par diff\u00e9rents types de VBG, toutefois la majorit\u00e9 pr\u00e9f\u00e8re garder ces abus sous\nsilence par peur et honte du regard de la communaut\u00e9 et par manque de service adapt\u00e9. Au 1 [er] trimestre 2025, seuls 2% des\ncas rapport\u00e9s concernent des hommes et des gar\u00e7ons, dont 1% de gar\u00e7ons de moins de 18 ans, ce qui ne refl\u00e8te qu\u2019une infime\npartie des violences r\u00e9ellement subies par cette cat\u00e9gorie.\n\n\nLa persistance et la recrudescence des VBG au Mali s\u2019expliquent par **une combinaison de facteurs structurels, socioculturels**\n**et** **conjoncturels** profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9s, qui se renforcent mutuellement et limitent les capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention et de\nr\u00e9ponse. Le prolongement de la crise dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un environnement d\u2019impunit\u00e9 et\nd\u2019effondrement des syst\u00e8mes de protection. Durant le second semestre 2024, des pr\u00e9cipitations exceptionnelles ont provoqu\u00e9\ndes inondations d\u00e9vastatrices dans presque toutes les r\u00e9gions du Mali conduisant \u00e9galement \u00e0 une mont\u00e9e des crues dans\nplusieurs localit\u00e9s de Tombouctou et Gao. Ces inondations ont touch\u00e9 259 795 personnes, dont plus de 70% sont des femmes\net des enfants, qui faisaient face \u00e0 un risque accru de VBG et d\u2019exploitation sexuelle [viii] . Ces inondations ont entra\u00een\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation\nde nouveaux sites temporaires o\u00f9 les conditions de vie \u00e9taient extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caires.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nLa VBG au Mali, comme ailleurs dans le monde, entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences profondes et durables non seulement sur les\nsurvivant.e.s, mais \u00e9galement sur leurs familles et l\u2019ensemble du tissu social. Elle affecte \u00e0 la fois la **sant\u00e9 physique et mentale**,\n**les conditions de vie, les dynamiques communautaires**, ainsi que les perspectives des femmes, des filles et des gar\u00e7ons\nexpos\u00e9s \u00e0 ces violences. Selon le GBVIMS, 80% des survivant.e.s ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un soutien psychosocial. Cependant, cette\n\nr\u00e9ponse reste ponctuelle et non durable dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s telles\nque M\u00e9naka, Douentza ou Goundam, d\u00e9pourvues de professionnels de\nsant\u00e9 mentale qualifi\u00e9s\n\n\nDans ce contexte marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019expansion des conflits arm\u00e9s vers les\nr\u00e9gions de S\u00e9gou, Koutiala et Sikasso, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des violences est\nlargement sous-estim\u00e9e, en raison des lacunes dans la collecte des\ndonn\u00e9es et dans les m\u00e9canismes de prise en charge existants.\nLe syst\u00e8me GBVIMS, bien qu\u2019op\u00e9rationnel \u00e0 travers les 20 One Stop\nCenters existants, ne couvre actuellement que 22% du territoire\nnational. Cette limitation g\u00e9ographique et op\u00e9rationnelle entrave la\ndocumentation compl\u00e8te et l\u2019analyse holistique des tendances des VBG\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale. La pr\u00e9sente analyse se concentre donc sur les\nquatre r\u00e9gions humanitaires prioritaires disposant de donn\u00e9es\nexploitables, notamment Gao, Tombouctou, Mopti et M\u00e9naka.\n\n##### **RISQUE 4 Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs**\n\n\nLa population civile au Mali continue d'\u00eatre gravement affect\u00e9e par la menace persistante des engins explosifs, incluant les\nrestes explosifs de guerre (REG), les engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) et les mines. Entre octobre 2024 et mars 2025, selon les\nrapports du Groupe de travail Acc\u00e8s, **171 incidents** li\u00e9s aux Engins Explosifs ayant fait **133 victimes civiles** (99 morts et 34\nbless\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s. [ix] Parmi ces victimes figurent des femmes (11 cas) et des enfants (6 cas). Les incidents signal\u00e9s\nillustrent une expansion progressive de la menace du centre vers le sud et l'ouest du pays.\n\n\nLes **principales causes** identifi\u00e9es sont entre autres la prolif\u00e9ration des EEI sur les routes principales et secondaires, affectant\nsurtout les usagers (populations locales, commer\u00e7ants, d\u00e9plac\u00e9s) ; l\u2019occupation des infrastructures abandonn\u00e9es par des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, augmentant les risques pour les civils et l\u2019intensification des mouvements de population, exposant davantage\nles personnes dans les zones contamin\u00e9es.\n\n\nLa menace des EEI, principalement sur les routes principales et certaines routes secondaires, affecte \u00e0 la fois **les populations**\n**d'accueil et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es**, ces derni\u00e8res, en raison de leur mobilit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e qui accentue les facteurs de risque et\ndonc leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. Plus globalement, **les usagers de la route** et **les personnes se rendant aux march\u00e9s** locaux ou aux\nfoires, sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux EEI. En ce qui concerne les restes explosifs de guerre (REG), **les enfants**\nrepr\u00e9sentent la majorit\u00e9 des victimes (principalement les gar\u00e7ons), en raison de leur m\u00e9connaissance des risques, de leur\ncuriosit\u00e9 et de leur implication dans des activit\u00e9s \u00e0 haut risque telles que la collecte de fragments m\u00e9talliques. Les enfants sont\n\u00e9galement expos\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque accru en raison de la pr\u00e9sence et de l'occupation de certaines infrastructures abandonn\u00e9es par\nles groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs affecte les populations civiles sous plusieurs aspects, notamment **les pertes en vie humaine,**\n**les blessures, les handicaps physiques, les cons\u00e9quences psychosociales et socio-\u00e9conomiques,** **la privation d'acc\u00e8s aux**\n**moyens de subsistance** (p\u00e2turages, champs, infrastructures communautaires, etc.) ainsi que **la restriction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux**\n**services de base**, **la fermeture ou l'impraticabilit\u00e9 de certaines route** s; **le difficile retour** des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s; les **difficult\u00e9s d'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire** _(avec des risques accrus pour les travailleurs humanitaires lors_\n_des d\u00e9placements pour acheminer l\u2019assistance),_ ainsi que **le frein au d\u00e9ploiement rapide** des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des acteurs\n\u00e9tatiques _(augmentant ainsi les risques d\u2019accidents pour les civils du fait de l\u2019absence des capacit\u00e9s de neutralisation des engins_\n_explosifs)_ . En plus de la menace des engins explosifs, la prolif\u00e9ration des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre continue d'alimenter\nles tensions intercommunautaires, le banditisme et la criminalit\u00e9, avec des cons\u00e9quences directes pour les civils et les\nop\u00e9rations humanitaires.\n\n\nLes **principaux acteurs responsables** de la menace explosive au Mali sont les groupes arm\u00e9s, qui posent des EEI le long des\nroutes principales et secondaires, dans les zones rurales et \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des infrastructures communautaires strat\u00e9giques. Les\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\nREG r\u00e9sultent \u00e9galement des affrontements violents entre diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s, ainsi que des combats entre ces groupes\net les forces arm\u00e9es maliennes. La menace d\u00e9coule principalement de la violence arm\u00e9e persistante entre groupes concurrents\ncherchant \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler des territoires, ainsi que de tactiques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es visant \u00e0 restreindre la libert\u00e9 de mouvement des civils\net des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Parmi les facteurs aggravants figurent la prolif\u00e9ration des armes, la faiblesse des structures de\ngouvernance locale, la pauvret\u00e9 chronique et l'absence d'une \u00e9ducation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e aux risques li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs.\nL\u2019occupation d\u2019infrastructures abandonn\u00e9es par des groupes arm\u00e9s, conjugu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019op\u00e9rations syst\u00e9matiques de\nd\u00e9minage, aggrave encore la contamination explosive et expose les civils \u00e0 des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa menace explosive au Mali touche principalement les populations civiles vivant dans les r\u00e9gions du centre et du nord du\npays, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions de S\u00e9gou, Bandiagara, Mopti, Gao, Tombouctou, M\u00e9naka et Kidal. Ces zones sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9es en raison de la pr\u00e9sence continue des groupes arm\u00e9s et des conflits prolong\u00e9s. La pr\u00e9sence des EE\ng\u00e9n\u00e8re aussi de nombreux effets intersectoriels qui entravent l'acc\u00e8s des populations civiles aux services essentiels. L\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux soins de sant\u00e9 est fortement compromis. En effet, de nombreuses infrastructures sanitaires se situent dans des zones\ncontamin\u00e9es ou difficiles d\u2019acc\u00e8s en raison de la fermeture des routes, augmentant les d\u00e9lais d\u2019\u00e9vacuation m\u00e9dicale et\nr\u00e9duisant les soins disponibles pour les bless\u00e9s. L'impact sur l'emploi est \u00e9galement significatif, notamment dans les secteurs\nagricoles et pastoraux, car l'acc\u00e8s aux terres arables et aux p\u00e2turages est restreint, compromettant les moyens de subsistance\nde milliers de familles. Les march\u00e9s, les foires et les autres espaces publics sont d\u00e9sert\u00e9s ou suspendus en raison de la peur\ndes incidents, ce qui exacerbe l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et limite les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques.\n\n\nLa fr\u00e9quence des incidents varie selon l\u2019intensit\u00e9 du conflit arm\u00e9 et la saison. On observe souvent une augmentation des\naccidents pendant la saison s\u00e8che, lorsque les d\u00e9placements sont plus nombreux et pendant l\u2019intensification des op\u00e9rations\net mouvements de l\u2019arm\u00e9e malienne. Toutefois, les donn\u00e9es sur les incidents et les victimes restent partielles en raison des\nd\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la collecte et \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification de l\u2019information.\n\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s locales peuvent signaler les objets suspects (EEI ou REG) afin de permettre aux Forces arm\u00e9es maliennes de\nles d\u00e9truire ou de les neutraliser. Les Forces arm\u00e9es maliennes sont la seule entit\u00e9 habilit\u00e9e \u00e0 neutraliser les menaces\nexplosives.\n\n\nActuellement, le Gouvernement est en train de mettre en place un Centre d'action antimines humanitaire sous le secr\u00e9tariat\npermanent pour la lutte contre la prolif\u00e9ration des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre du minist\u00e8re de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la\nProtection civile. Ce centre sera charg\u00e9 de la gestion de l'information, de l'assurance qualit\u00e9 et de la coordination des activit\u00e9s\nde la lutte antimines humanitaire, telles que l'EREE et l\u2019AV.\nPar ailleurs, plusieurs organisations humanitaires offrent une \u00e9ducation aux risques d\u2019engins explosifs (EREE) ainsi qu'une\nassistance aux victimes (AV) aupr\u00e8s des populations locales. Les actions de sensibilisation peuvent aider \u00e0 mieux comprendre\nla menace et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir certains incidents.\nToutefois, les fonds disponibles sont tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la menace s\u2019est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 des zones o\u00f9 aucun partenaire\nn\u2019est encore pr\u00e9sent pour diffuser des messages vitaux, le d\u00e9ficit de financement est devenu critique. De plus, la capacit\u00e9\nnationale dans le domaine de la lutte antimines humanitaire reste limit\u00e9e, ce qui souligne l'urgence de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s\nde collecte et de r\u00e9ponse. La collecte et la v\u00e9rification des donn\u00e9es relatives aux incidents et aux victimes posent \u00e9galement\nun probl\u00e8me majeur, ce qui nuit \u00e0 l'efficacit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la coordination de la r\u00e9ponse.\n\n\nLa p\u00e9riode sous revue a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une intensification des atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\npersonnes, avec **294 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de disparitions forc\u00e9es**, ainsi que **103 cas d\u2019arrestations, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires**\n**et ill\u00e9gales** .\n\n\nSi les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et disparitions forc\u00e9es d\u2019enfants ne repr\u00e9sentent que 10% de ces violations suivies par le monitoring\nde protection, le rapport du SGNU du 09 janvier 2025 indique une augmentation de 24% du nombre d\u2019enfants enlev\u00e9s entre\navril 2023 et mars 2024 par rapport \u00e0 avril 2022 et mars 2023 [x] . Le prochain rapport pr\u00e9vu en juin 2025 donnera la tendance\npour 2023-2024. En nombre, il s\u2019agit de la troisi\u00e8me violation grave affectant directement les enfants, apr\u00e8s le recrutement et\nl\u2019utilisation par les groupes arm\u00e9s et les meurtres ou atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique des enfants. La majorit\u00e9 des cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements ont pour but le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation par les groupes arm\u00e9s ainsi que l\u2019utilisation \u00e0 des fins sexuelles. Les\ngar\u00e7ons sont principalement enlev\u00e9s pour \u00eatre recrut\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s comme combattants ou dans des r\u00f4les de support, tandis\nque les filles sont plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement enlev\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins sexuelles et pour des travaux domestiques. Les enl\u00e8vements commis\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\npar les parties au conflit se terminent souvent par le retour des enfants en familles. Soit parce que les enfants s\u2019enfuient, soit\nparce qu\u2019ils sont aid\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u2019enfuir par une personne tierce ou encore lib\u00e9r\u00e9s par les auteurs de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement ou par les forces\nlors d\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires. Toutefois, la grande majorit\u00e9 des enfants rejoignent les groupes de leur propre chef pour des\nraisons li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 des familles, \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9cole fonctionnelle et d\u2019occupation, \u00e0 l\u2019influences de leurs amis ou de\nmembres de leurs familles ou encore pour contribuer \u00e0 la protection de leur communaut\u00e9. Certains sont recrut\u00e9s lors de\ncampagnes de recrutement par les groupes arm\u00e9s ou enr\u00f4l\u00e9s de force. La tranche des 13 \u00e0 17 ans est la plus vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 cette\nviolation.\n\n\nLes **disparitions forc\u00e9es et** **les** **d\u00e9tentions arbitraires**, souvent sans mandat, ont vis\u00e9 des jeunes hommes de minorit\u00e9s\nethniques [xi] . En janvier 2025, les enl\u00e8vements, principalement perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des groupes arm\u00e9s, ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre\ndocument\u00e9s, avec une augmentation significative en f\u00e9vrier, atteignant 7 cas, avant de diminuer \u00e0 4 cas en mars 2025, gr\u00e2ce\nau renforcement des patrouilles s\u00e9curitaires. Ces incidents ciblaient majoritairement les populations nomades, repr\u00e9sentant\n75% des victimes, avec des motivations vari\u00e9es telles que les demandes de ran\u00e7on (60%), le recrutement forc\u00e9 (25%) et les\nrepr\u00e9sailles pour soup\u00e7on de collaboration avec les autorit\u00e9s militaires ou d\u2019avoir d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s\n(15%). Les r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou et Gao ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9es, avec des cas r\u00e9currents lors des d\u00e9placements nocturnes\ndes communaut\u00e9s pastorales. Parall\u00e8lement, les d\u00e9tentions arbitraires sont rest\u00e9es stables, avec 5 \u00e0 6 cas par mois,\nprincipalement lors d'op\u00e9rations militaires \u00e0 Gao et Mopti. Les jeunes hommes issus de minorit\u00e9s ethniques repr\u00e9sentaient\n83% des d\u00e9tenus, souvent accus\u00e9s sans preuve d'affiliation aux groupes arm\u00e9s. [xii]\n\n\nLes femmes et les enfants n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9s, subissant des d\u00e9tentions arbitraires ou des violences sp\u00e9cifiques, comme\ndes arrestations fond\u00e9es sur de fausses accusations, souvent li\u00e9es \u00e0 des conflits personnels ou communautaires.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9gions rurales, d\u00e9j\u00e0 marginalis\u00e9es, sont les plus touch\u00e9es, avec des pertes \u00e9conomiques pour les foyers victimes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement, aggravant encore leur pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 [xiii] .Face \u00e0 cette situation, les r\u00e9ponses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vari\u00e9es mais in\u00e9gales. Les\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales ont fait preuve de r\u00e9silience en organisant des **patrouilles de vigilance** \u00e0 Gao ou en mettant en place\ndes **syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alerte** par SMS, r\u00e9duisant de 35% les incidents dans certaines zones. Le gouvernement, quant \u00e0 lui, a renforc\u00e9\nle cadre l\u00e9gal, notamment avec l\u2019adoption de la Loi n\u00b0 2023-018 visant \u00e0 encadrer les arrestations et \u00e0 lutter contre les abus.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n##### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n|Cluster Protection|Protection de l\u2019enfant|VBG|LAM|LTP|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n\n\n\nAu mois de mars 2025, ce sont 33 organisations de la protection qui ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 apporter assistance \u00e0 **45 557 personnes** sur\nune **cible de 1 611 889 personnes** (HPC 2025), soit un taux de r\u00e9alisations de 2,8% au premier trimestre. Les r\u00e9gions \u00e0 fort taux\nd\u2019assistance en protection sont Bandiagara, Tombouctou, Gao, S\u00e9gou, Mopti, Douentza, San et M\u00e9naka. Les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires sont\nprincipalement les membres des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9 p\u00e9renne \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire et \u00e0 la protection des populations affect\u00e9es par la crise, est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9\nde l\u2019action humanitaire au Mali. Les rapports et analyses sur l\u2019impact des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection des\npopulations civiles et des acteurs humanitaires servent de base aux rapports de protection et aussi \u00e0 informer la prise de\nd\u00e9cision strat\u00e9gique et les efforts de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire pays au Mali.\n\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n\nAu cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, **578 incidents de contraintes d'acc\u00e8s** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s, dont 52% se sont produits dans les r\u00e9gions\ncentrales de Mopti, S\u00e9gou, Bandiagara et Douentza. En 2023, ce chiffre \u00e9tait de 602 incidents, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une baisse\nnum\u00e9rique de 4%. \u00c0 la fin de l'ann\u00e9e, huit localit\u00e9s (Boni, Farbougou, L\u00e9r\u00e9, Nampala, Moura, Saye, Sofara, T\u00e9sallit) avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\nexplicitement interdites de mouvements et les acteurs arm\u00e9s ont interdit \u00e0 la population d'emprunter certaines routes. [xiv] Le\nblocus de L\u00e9r\u00e9 (Tombouctou) a \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9 le 4 mars 2025 et celui de Boni (Douentza) le 27 mars 2025, apr\u00e8s plusieurs plaidoyers\net m\u00e9diations communautaires.\n\nAu premier trimestre 2025, 246 contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es, [xv] . Les r\u00e9gions de Mopti, de Bandiagara et de\nDouentza pr\u00e9sentent des besoins humanitaires importants et la plupart des localit\u00e9s de ces r\u00e9gions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 difficiles d'acc\u00e8s\nen d\u00e9but 2025. Des entretiens men\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment avec des ONG nationales, des ONG internationales et des Agences des\nNations Unies ont permis d'obtenir la perception des contraintes d'acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans les trois r\u00e9gions concern\u00e9es. Alors\nque les ONG nationales et les agences onusiennes ont \u00e9mis des avis couvrant l'ensemble des communes, les ONG\ninternationales ont laiss\u00e9 de c\u00f4t\u00e9 certaines communes (28 sur 108) o\u00f9 elles n'avaient pas d'exp\u00e9rience r\u00e9cente. Neuf\ncontraintes d'acc\u00e8s ont touch\u00e9 la plupart de ces trois r\u00e9gions. Les engins explosifs et les hostilit\u00e9s entre forces arm\u00e9es et\nacteurs arm\u00e9s sont les plus fr\u00e9quentes. [xvi]\n\nAu Mali, le Cluster Protection participe activement aux espaces de coordination sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la fois au plan national que sousnational. Il contribue notamment en termes d\u2019analyse et de plaidoyer, utilisant les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection, et\nl\u2019engagement communautaire pour approfondir l'analyse des tendances en mati\u00e8re de contraintes d'acc\u00e8s, et porter des\nmessages conjoints aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019EHP.\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nAu premier trimestre 2025, la suspension des fonds am\u00e9ricains illustre la fragilit\u00e9 du financement de l\u2019aide internationale, en\nparticulier en Afrique, mena\u00e7ant ainsi des activit\u00e9s humanitaires essentielles, notamment de la protection. Au Mali, ce sont 14\norganisations de la protection qui ont vu leurs activit\u00e9s impact\u00e9es par cette situation, affectant plus de 250 collaborateurs et\ntouchant ainsi plus de 1 250 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. Plusieurs projets de protection et la coordination du secteur sont affect\u00e9s,\nrestreignant la couverture de certaines zones des r\u00e9gions de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Mopti et Tombouctou. Les secteurs de la VBG et\nde la Lutte Antimines sont pour le moment les plus touch\u00e9s avec la fermeture du Bureau de UNMAS au Mali et le d\u00e9part de la\nCoordinatrice principale des VBG.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n##### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- D\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2025, renforcer la pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle de la Commission nationale des droits de l\u2019homme (CNDH)\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Tombouctou, Taoudenni, M\u00e9naka et Kidal afin de documenter les cas de violations graves dont\nsont victimes les civils, en d\u00e9sagr\u00e9geant les donn\u00e9es.\n\n- Continuer les efforts de s\u00e9curisation des zones en confit et les conditions d\u2019intervention des organisations non\ngouvernementales pour une meilleure contribution aux efforts de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u2019assistance humanitaire au Mali.\n\n**AU COORDINATEUR HUMANITAIRE / EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n- Dans le cadre du prochain plan de r\u00e9ponse (HNRP) et face \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction drastique des financements, encourager\nl\u2019utilisation des approches communautaires dans les r\u00e9ponses au Mali.\n\n- Continuer le plaidoyer pour la redynamisation des espaces de Coordination Civilo-Militaire (CMCoord) au niveau sousnational et la participation de la partie gouvernementale au niveau national.\n\n**AUX ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n- Organiser d\u2019ici octobre 2025, des s\u00e9ances de formation sur la protection \u00e0 base communautaire \u00e0 l\u2019endroit de 50 comit\u00e9s\nlocaux de protection des r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre afin de mitiger les risques des attaques contre les civils.\n\n- Privil\u00e9gier les approches communautaires de la r\u00e9ponse de protection afin d\u2019engager de mani\u00e8re significative les\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es dans toute leur diversit\u00e9 et renforcer leurs capacit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de protection, y compris\nsp\u00e9cifique aux domaines de responsabilit\u00e9.\n\n\n**AU COORDINATEUR HUMANITAIRE / EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n- Continuer le plaidoyer diplomatique pour le respect de la libre circulation des populations et l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire aupr\u00e8s\ndes autorit\u00e9s et des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n- Encourager les synergies d\u2019actions entre clusters pour des r\u00e9ponses int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux impacts des restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de\ncirculation et aux d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s.\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- D\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025, allouer des fonds flexibles \u00e0 la protection afin de renforcer les r\u00e9ponses d\u2019urgence et les\nm\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection dans les zones \u00e0 risque.\n\n- Soutenir la collecte de donn\u00e9es sur les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, les restrictions de mouvement pour informer la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire, en fonction des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des personnes, notamment des femmes, des enfants et autres personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables.\n\n#### **RISQUE 3 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre**\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- D\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2025, promouvoir une approche multisectorielle int\u00e9grant les acteurs de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de la sant\u00e9, de la\njustice et des organisations communautaires pour une r\u00e9ponse coordonn\u00e9e et efficace \u00e0 la VBG.\n\n**AUX ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des structures de sant\u00e9 et des centres de prise en charge, en particulier dans les zones rurales et\nles sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\n- D\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025, renforcer les r\u00e9ponses rapides aux cas de VBG, en d\u00e9ployant des \u00e9quipes mobiles adapt\u00e9es\npour contourner les contraintes s\u00e9curitaires et logistiques.\n\n- Intensifier les campagnes de sensibilisation pour informer les communaut\u00e9s sur les dispositifs de signalement, de soutien\ndisponible ainsi que sur les principes cl\u00e9s interdisant l\u2019EAS ;\n\n- S\u2019assurer que tout le personnel impliqu\u00e9 dans la mise en oeuvre des programmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de formations\nsur la PSEA et respecte les normes de conduite en la mati\u00e8re.\n\n#### **RISQUE 4 Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs**\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- D\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2025, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation du Centre National de Lutte Antimine Humanitaire au Mali.\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- Pour les prochains 3 mois, augmenter le niveau de financement des activit\u00e9s d\u2019Education aux Risques d\u2019Engins Explosifs\n(EREE) et d\u2019Assistance aux Victimes (AV) dans les zones \u00e0 forte taux de contamination.\n\n**AUX ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES**\n\n- Renforcer la coordination intersectorielle sur la menace EEI/REG.\n\n- Dans les 6 \u00e0 12 mois \u00e0 venir, d\u00e9velopper des programmes de soutien psychosocial pour les victimes d\u2019accidents EE dans\nles zones affect\u00e9es, notamment de Mopti, de Bandiagara et de S\u00e9gou.\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- Renforcer les patrouilles s\u00e9curitaires et les syst\u00e8mes d'alertes communautaires dans les r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou et Gao,\nciblant les communaut\u00e9s nomades.\n\n- Mettre en place une r\u00e9forme judiciaire urgente pour lutter contre l'impunit\u00e9, en formant les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et en\ncr\u00e9ant des m\u00e9canismes de surveillance ind\u00e9pendants, particuli\u00e8rement pour prot\u00e9ger les jeunes hommes issus des\nminorit\u00e9s ethniques.\n\n**A L\u2019INTER-CLUSTER NATIONAL ET GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR L\u2019ACCES**\n\n- Mener un plaidoyer accru aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement et des acteurs internationaux pour am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire et\nla coordination des assistances.\n\n**AUX ACTEURS DE LA PROTECTION**\n\n- Fournir un soutien psychosocial et \u00e9conomique (microcr\u00e9dits, soins psychologiques) aux victimes, notamment \u00e0 Gao et\nTombouctou, avec un d\u00e9ploiement initial de 3 mois.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n[i Mali : Note de protection (octobre- d\u00e9cembre 2024) - Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-note-de-protection-octobre-decembre-2024?_gl=1*1rqv8p7*_ga*MjA4MTIzNjk5NC4xNjk1OTA4OTQ5*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTc0NTA3NzMzNC4yOS4xLjE3NDUwNzc4MjcuNTMuMC4w)\n[ii Mali : Rapport annuel sur les contraintes d'acc\u00e8s au Mali 2024 - Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-rapport-annuel-sur-les-contraintes-dacces-au-mali-2024)\niii Note de plaidoyer conjointe sur les inondations de d\u00e9cembre 2024\n\niv Donn\u00e9es ACLED couvrant la p\u00e9riode du 1er octobre 2024 au 31 mars 2025, avec 1444 morts civiles caus\u00e9es par 758 incidents\nv Monitoring de protection avec 6 591 violations des droits humains document\u00e9es de janvier \u00e0 mars 2025\n\nvi [Les enfants et le conflit arm\u00e9 au Mali - Rapport du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (S/2024/883) - Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/les-enfants-et-le-conflit-arme-au-mali-rapport-du-secretaire-general-s2024883#:~:text=Dans%20le%20rapport%2C%20le%20Secr%C3%A9taire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20rend%20compte,h%C3%B4pitauxa%2C%20l%E2%80%99enl%C3%A8vement%20d%E2%80%99enfants%20et%20le%20d%C3%A9ni%20d%E2%80%99acc%C3%A8s%20humanitaire.)\nvii La Matrice de Suivi des D\u00e9placements de septembre 2024, (Displacement Tracking Matrix \u2013 DTM, en anglais)\nviii Selon le rapport d\u2019OCHA, publier en octobre 2024\n\nix Selon le GTA, ces informations sont celles partag\u00e9es par INSO et coupl\u00e9es \u00e0 celles de UNDSS, avec les remont\u00e9es des sous bureaux\nterrain et sont essentiellement relatives aux humanitaires avec un impact direct sur eux ou sur les populations civiles\n[x Les enfants et le conflit arm\u00e9 au Mali - Rapport du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (S/2024/883) - Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/les-enfants-et-le-conflit-arme-au-mali-rapport-du-secretaire-general-s2024883)\n[xi Rapport Mondial 2025 : Mali - Human Rights Watch](https://www.hrw.org/fr/world-report/2025/country-chapters/mali)\nMicrosoft Power BI - Monitoring de Protection - UNHCR\n[xiv Mali : Rapport annuel sur les contraintes d'acc\u00e8s au Mali 2024 - Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-rapport-annuel-sur-les-contraintes-dacces-au-mali-2024)\n[xv Site search | OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/results?q=MALI+Tableau+de+bord+Acc%C3%A8s+humanitaire+janvier+2025#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=MALI%20Tableau%20de%20bord%20Acc%C3%A8s%20humanitaire%20janvier%202025&gsc.page=1)\n[xvi Mali : Perception des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans les r\u00e9gions de Mopti, de Bandiagara, et de Douentza (janvier-f\u00e9vrier 2025) -](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-perception-des-contraintes-dacces-humanitaire-dans-les-regions-de-mopti-de-bandiagara-et-de-douentza-janvier-fevrier-2025)\n[Mali | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-perception-des-contraintes-dacces-humanitaire-dans-les-regions-de-mopti-de-bandiagara-et-de-douentza-janvier-fevrier-2025)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Donn\u00e9es ACLED", - "confidence": 0.6228516697883606, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8317731618881226, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6711505651473999, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitaires", - "confidence": 0.5084484815597534, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Mai 2025\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter :**\n**Alimata OUATTARA** [, Coordinatrice du Cluster Protection Mali, OUATTAAL@unhcr.org](mailto:OUATTAAL@unhcr.org)\n**Daniel Bernard Thiombiano** [, Co-coordinateur du Cluster Protection Mali, daniel.thiombiano@drc.ngo](mailto:daniel.thiombiano@drc.ngo) et,\n**Mohamed Issa AG ABDOUSSALAM,** Co-Facilitateur du Cluster Protection Mali **,** [issaansar@ong-amss.org](mailto:issaansar@ong-amss.org)\n\n\n\nPage 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/21263604-fce6-41f8-bcac-17641ff10139/Mali%20Analyse%20PAU_octobre%202024-mars%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_483/raw/doc_483_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_483/raw/doc_483_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 07529aa08a9111e96845d9bc2f2a17a593a882e2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_483/raw/doc_483_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :**\nAu centre du Mali (r\u00e9gions), les femmes et les filles, qui repr\u00e9sentent 75% des 188 355 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es [1],\nsont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 de graves risques de protection : enl\u00e8vements, violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG),\nextorsions et abus physiques. En 2024, de nombreux cas de viol, souvent suivis de grossesses non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es\n\net d'abandons de _nouveau-n\u00e9s,_ ainsi que des\nextorsions dans les bus et les march\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s. \u00c0 Douentza, des femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nflagell\u00e9es et abus\u00e9es physiquement pour nonrespect des codes vestimentaires impos\u00e9s par des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Les enfants sont \u00e9galement\nvictimes de violences, notamment de\nflagellations et de rasage forc\u00e9 de cheveux.\nMalgr\u00e9 les alertes, ces abus persistent, soulignant\nle besoin urgent de renforcer la protection des\ncivils, d\u00e9ployer des structures adapt\u00e9es et\nintensifier le plaidoyer pour pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9pondre\n\u00e0 ces violations.\n\n\n1 DTM OIM Septembre 2024\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8218d169-e3b7-4c21-9d29-5034f88daa7a/Mali_Analyse%20de%20Protection%20VBG%20Region%20Centre_fevrier%202025%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Chiffres cl\u00e9s :**\n\n\n\n**I.** **Contexte :**\n\n\n\nPIN 2024 Cluster\n\n\n\nPIN 2024 Cluster La situation humanitaire dans les r\u00e9gions du centre du Mali, notamment \u00e0 Mopti,\n\nProtection **2.496.452** Bandiagara et Douentza, continue de se d\u00e9grader, aggrav\u00e9e par l\u2019absence ou\n\nl\u2019insuffisance des m\u00e9canismes de protection nationaux dans les zones recul\u00e9es. Cette\n\nPIN 2024 VBG : d\u00e9gradation est particuli\u00e8rement perceptible dans des zones de Bandiagara, Douentza,\n\n**1.882.215** ainsi que dans certaines localit\u00e9s de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, notamment le cercle de Djenn\u00e9\n\net les zones situ\u00e9es au-del\u00e0 du fleuve (Tenenkou et Youwarou), qui souffrent d\u2019une faible\n\n**54.365** m\u00e9nages couverture par les acteurs de protection.\n\nEntre janvier et septembre 2024, le monitoring de protection du Cluster Protection a\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s de **188,355**\n\nrapport 12 506 violations dans les r\u00e9gions du centre, notamment des atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\n\npersonnes\n\nphysique et psychique, les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations, ainsi que des atteintes au\ndroit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 dans ces r\u00e9gions. Ces incidents ont des r\u00e9percussions graves sur la\n\n110.627 (75 % population civile, tant sur le plan psychologique qu\u2019\u00e9conomique, avec un impact\n\npopulation totale) particuli\u00e8rement prononc\u00e9 sur les femmes et les enfants dans les r\u00e9gions de Bandiagara\n\nfemmes et filles PDI et de Douentza. Le blocus de la route nationale N\u00b016 \u00e0 Boni, aggrave la situation, limitant\n\nainsi l'acc\u00e8s aux ressources essentielles et provoquant des d\u00e9placements massifs par les\n\n9 acteurs VBG routes secondaires emprunt\u00e9es, des pertes de biens et des s\u00e9parations familiales.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente note fait une analyse de la situation de protection dans les r\u00e9gions du centre, avec un accent\nparticulier sur les abus et violations des droits des filles et des femmes, illustr\u00e9s par de nombreux cas de\nviols, de flagellations et d\u2019abandon de grossesse. Elle examine l\u2019environnement de protection dans un\ncontexte marqu\u00e9 par des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) survenues entre janvier et septembre 2024 et\npr\u00e9sente les principaux risques de protection touchant la population civile, en particulier les femmes et les\nfilles, dans les r\u00e9gions de San, S\u00e9gou, Mopti, Bandiagara et Douentza. Cette note met \u00e9galement en lumi\u00e8re\nles r\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es par les acteurs de protection, souligne les insuffisances et formule des\nrecommandations concr\u00e8tes pour renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention, de r\u00e9ponse et de protection des\ngroupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n\nProtection **2.496.452**\n\n\n\nPIN 2024 VBG :\n\n\n\n**1.882.215**\n\n\n\n**54.365** m\u00e9nages\n\n\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s de **188,355**\n\n\n\npersonnes\n\n\n\n110.627 (75 %\n\n\n\npopulation totale)\n\n\n\nfemmes et filles PDI\n\n\n\n9 acteurs VBG\n\n\n\n**II.** **Aper\u00e7u des risques de protection**\n\n\n_**Tendances et risques de protection**_\n\nDans les r\u00e9gions du centre du Mali, les femmes et les filles, particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux conflits, sont\nsouvent les premi\u00e8res \u00e0 fuir les zones d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Entre janvier et septembre 2024, la r\u00e9gion du centre a\nenregistr\u00e9 une hausse alarmante de 104,68% des violations des droits humains (12 506 cas) par rapport \u00e0 la\nm\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023 (6110 cas). Cette augmentation est due \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques et des\naffrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment \u00e0 S\u00e9gou (Macina et Niono), Bandiagara et Douentza. Les\n\n\n\n\n\nfemmes et les filles sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des\nrisques accrus de VBG, de mariage\nd'enfants, de mariage forc\u00e9 et de\nd\u00e9tresse psychologique et \u00e9motionnelle.\n\n_**a)**_ _**Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**_\n_**(VBG)**_\n\n\nLes cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n(VBG) sont pass\u00e9s de 8 653 en 2023 \u00e0\n14 339 en 2024, soit une augmentation\nde 65 % sur la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0\nseptembre 2024. Entre juillet et\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|856|\n|---|---|\n|**631**|**631**|\n\n\n|512|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**512**|**392**|\n\n\n|1172|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1172**|**534**|\n\n\n|1310|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1310**|**847**|\n\n\n|1974|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1974**
|**109**|\n\n\n|2042|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**2042**|**868**|\n\n\n|1978|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**1978**
|**1157**|\n\n\n|2438|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**2438**
|**1370**|\n\n\n|2584|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**2584**
|**1535**|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8218d169-e3b7-4c21-9d29-5034f88daa7a/Mali_Analyse%20de%20Protection%20VBG%20Region%20Centre_fevrier%202025%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "septembre, une augmentation alarmante de 72 % des cas de VBG recherchant de l\u2019aide, par rapport \u00e0 2023,\navec 7 000 incidents rapport\u00e9s, touchant principalement les femmes (72 %) et les filles (27 %), selon la\ncoordination du domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 des VBG, \u00e0 travers le GBVIMS [2] . Parmi les incidents enregistr\u00e9s,\n3 968 cas (soit 34 % du total) concernent les r\u00e9gions du centre dont 94% des cas rapport\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions\nde Mopti (82%), Bandiagara (7%) et Douentza (5%), avec les typologies suivantes : 33 % des incidents\nrel\u00e8vent de violences sexuelles, dont 24 % de viols et 09% d\u2019agressions sexuelles ; 19 % de violences\nphysiques ; 29 % de d\u00e9ni de ressources ; 9 % de mariages forc\u00e9s et 10 % de violence psychologique. Les\nlieux d\u2019incidents les plus fr\u00e9quents sont le domicile de la survivante (41%), la brousse (16 %), les routes\n(11%) et les points d\u2019eau (14 %).\n\nCes chiffres ne refl\u00e8tent cependant qu\u2019une partie des cas r\u00e9els, en raison des limitations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la collecte et\n\u00e0 la documentation des incidents mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019insuffisance des services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es de prise en charge\nVBG. Cette insuffisance r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une faible couverture humanitaire dans les zones cumulant le plus de\ncas, notamment dans la r\u00e9gion de Douentza (situ\u00e9e \u00e0 170 km au nord-est de Mopti, bord\u00e9e par Tombouctou\nau nord et Gao \u00e0 l\u2019est) et celle de Bandiagara (\u00e0 65 km au sud-est de Mopti). Dans ces zones, on observe\nune concentration des organisations de\nprotection dans les principales villes,\nlaissant les zones rurales largement non\ncouvertes. La concentration des\norganisations de protection dans les villes\nprincipales laisse les zones rurales\nd\u00e9pourvues de services. Avec seulement\n19 acteurs de la r\u00e9ponse VBG dans le\ncentre du Mali (10 \u00e0 Mopti et 9 \u00e0 S\u00e9gou),\nla couverture des besoins reste insuffisante. Selon la cartographie des services VBG, les centres de prise en\ncharge holistique (One Stop Center) sont principalement les seules structures pourvoyeurs de services VBG.\n\nLa r\u00e9gion de Mopti enregistre le plus grand nombre de cas pris en charge (5 057), gr\u00e2ce aux services\npropos\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le One Stop Center. \u00c0 Bandiagara, 449 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s et orient\u00e9s vers le\nOne Stop Center de Mopti, tout comme 112 cas \u00e0 Douentza, 103 cas \u00e0 S\u00e9gou et 68 cas \u00e0 San. Ces survivantes\nont pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des services disponibles.\n\nLes disparit\u00e9s entre les localit\u00e9s, tant en termes de couverture que d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 aux services, posent la\nquestion de l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 dans la prise en charge des survivant.e.s de VBG. Il est crucial de renforcer la pr\u00e9sence\net les capacit\u00e9s des acteurs, notamment dans les zones o\u00f9 l\u2019offre de services reste insuffisante, afin de\ngarantir un meilleur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019accompagnement n\u00e9cessaire.\nEn parall\u00e8le, les actions de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9duction des risques li\u00e9s aux VBG doivent \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es,\navec une meilleure diffusion des informations sur les services existants. Dans un contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nsoins reste difficile pour les populations rurales et enclav\u00e9es, la modalit\u00e9 d\u2019assistance mobile demeure une\nsolution pertinente pour \u00e9largir la couverture et garantir une prise en charge plus adapt\u00e9e.\n\nP ar ailleurs, 75% des menages interog\u00e9s dans les regions du centre en 2024 par le monitoring de protection\nont soulign\u00e9 qu\u2019il y a des endroit dans leur localit\u00e9 ou les femmes se sentent en insecurit\u00e9 notamment quand\nelles sont loin de la communaut\u00e9 (en allant aux champs, et au march\u00e9, \u00e0 la recherhe d\u2019eau ou de bois de\nchauffe...).\n\n\n2 Rapport trimestriel -Juillet \u00e0 septembre 2024 du GBVIMS, Mali\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8218d169-e3b7-4c21-9d29-5034f88daa7a/Mali_Analyse%20de%20Protection%20VBG%20Region%20Centre_fevrier%202025%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**a)**_ _**Cas de flagellations et d\u2019intimidations dans les r\u00e9gions du centre du Mali**_\n\n\nDes cas r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s de flagellations et d\u2019intimidations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions\ndu centre, notamment \u00e0 Douentza et Mopti. Les exemples suivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s :\n\n\n_**b)**_ _**Mariage d\u2019enfants, et/ ou mariage forc\u00e9**_\n\n\nLes enfants repr\u00e9sentent 24% des cas de VBG document\u00e9s, principalement sous forme de mariages forc\u00e9s,\net de d\u00e9ni de ressources, d\u2019agressions sexuelles et d\u2019excisions. Ces pratiques, malgr\u00e9 les efforts des acteurs\nsur le terrain, continuent d\u2019entra\u00eener des cons\u00e9quences graves sur leur sant\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre.\n\n\n_**c)**_ _**Abus psychologique/\u00e9motionnel ou d\u00e9tresse inflig\u00e9e**_\n\n\n\u00c0 Douentza et \u00e0 Mopti, les enfants font \u00e9galement face \u00e0 des restrictions s\u00e9v\u00e8res sur leurs activit\u00e9s sociales,\nnotamment des interdictions de jouer ensemble, souvent accompagn\u00e9es de menaces et de violence. Les\nincidents suivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s :\n\n\n**III.** **Recommandations**\n\n\n_**Renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de protection des femmes et des enfants (Acteurs de protection)**_\n\n\n - Former les acteurs communautaires, les services locaux (sant\u00e9, action sociale, \u00e9ducation) et les\nautorit\u00e9s locales pour identifier, pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9pondre aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) ;\n\n - \u00c9tendre la pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle des acteurs de protection dans les zones rurales et difficiles\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s, particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Douentza et Bandiagara ;\n\n - Maintenir la collaboration avec les leaders communautaires pour promouvoir des comportements\nqui prot\u00e8gent les droits des femmes et des enfants ;\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8218d169-e3b7-4c21-9d29-5034f88daa7a/Mali_Analyse%20de%20Protection%20VBG%20Region%20Centre_fevrier%202025%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Renforcer les programmes communautaires visant \u00e0 \u00e9radiquer ces pratiques gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et\n\u00e0 l\u2019accompagnement des familles ;\n\n - Encourager la coordination entre les agences humanitaires (HCR, UNFPA, UNICEF, OIM, etc.)\npour maximiser l\u2019impact des interventions en faveur des survivantes de VBG ;\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de prise en charge multisectorielle en itin\u00e9rance/Fixe et dans les\ncercles.\n\n\n_**Renforcement du cadre juridique et de la sensibilisation (autorit\u00e9s nationales : minist\u00e8re de la promotion**_\n_**de la femme, des enfants et de la famille)**_\n\n\n - Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019adoption de la loi nationale sur la protection et l\u2019assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, en\nalignement avec la Convention de Kampala.\n\n - Collaborer avec les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour renforcer la surveillance des zones rurales o\u00f9 les\nincidents sont fr\u00e9quents, comme les points d\u2019eau, les for\u00eats et les march\u00e9s et les transports en\ncommun\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8218d169-e3b7-4c21-9d29-5034f88daa7a/Mali_Analyse%20de%20Protection%20VBG%20Region%20Centre_fevrier%202025%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_484/raw/doc_484_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_484/raw/doc_484_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5a503c9c427322a5f0bff29b73f2e5903bb799db..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_484/raw/doc_484_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,401 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF \u201cFROM SLOW BOIL TO BOILING POINT\u201d - A REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS\n\n## December 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. This document responds to the July 2013 report \u201cFrom Slow Boil to Boiling Point\u201d, a\n\nreal-time evaluation (RTE) of UNHCR\u2019s response to the Syrian refugee emergency.\nThe purpose of the exercise was to take stock of achievements as well as to identify,\nin an open and transparent manner with partners, areas of the refugee response\nrequiring improvement and UNHCR\u2019s specific attention.\n\n\n2. The review was conducted by a team of UNHCR staff and representatives from two\n\nNGO consortia (ICVA and InterAction) at the request of UNHCR\u2019s Assistant High\nCommissioner for Operations. The inter-agency review focused on UNHCR\u2019s\nresponse to the refugee crisis in Jordan, Lebanon and Northern Iraq, based on an 11day mission to the field in May and June 2013.\n\n\n3. In brief, the review found that UNHCR as the coordinator of the refugee response had\n\nsubstantially scaled-up its response to the mounting crisis, and in doing so had helped\nto avert the refugee crisis from spiralling out of control. There have been some\nsignificant achievements: most borders have been kept open; protection space has\nbeen preserved to a considerable extent; relationships with governments have been\npositive and constructive; refugees have benefited from access to basic public\nservices, psycho-social and counselling programs have been initiated, and\nmalnutrition and mortality rates have remained relatively low.\n\n\n4. However, the evaluation noted that the growing number and needs of the refugees, as\n\nwell as the serious pressures they are placing on host communities, which now\nrequires UNHCR and its partners to complement their emergency response activities\nwith comprehensive and proactive strategies.\n\n\n5. Management agrees with the findings of the review and all recommendations are\n\nbeing addressed. Actions addressing the evaluation findings are presented in the\nattached matrix.\n\n6. The management response outlines concrete actions taken in the five months after the\n\nrelease of the Real-Time Evaluation (RTE) in relation to recommendations contained\ntherein. At the same time, UNHCR and partners fully recognize that whilst a lot has\nbeen done in terms of concrete actions, it is indeed too early to fully measure the\neffect and impact of all these very actions.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**1. Inter-agency**
**coordination**

Clarify and strengthen
UNHCR\u2019s approach to
coordinating the international
response to the Syrian
refugee emergency.
|



Regional office

Country offices
|Agreed.
UNHCR is continuing efforts to enhance its coordination capacity as well as strengthen its leadership in
the refugee response to the Syrian crisis.

**Action 1: Coordination improved**
UNHCR is investing in developing tools and providing training to strengthen coordination skills.
Information management and sharing \u2013 critical to the response \u2013 is also being strengthened both among
and within sectors. UNHCR launched in August 2013 a three-pronged Leadership and Coordination
Project to enhance its leadership and coordination in the Syria response (i. mapping of existing
coordination infrastructure and mechanisms; ii. development of regional coordination toolkit and training;
iii. delivery of coordination workshops). A senior consultant well-versed in the management of complex
emergencies was contracted from August to December 2013 to carry out the three phases of the project.
Based on two field missions to Lebanon and Jordan in August 2013, regional, national and sub-national
coordination infrastructure, tools, models, good practices, challenges and gaps were mapped and
reviewed. A detailed Action Plan to further strengthen refugee response coordination in the region has
been drafted, with particular focus on Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. Based on existing and new materials, the
plan will be complemented with a coordination toolkit. Six trainings are being delivered in Iraq, Jordan
and Lebanon throughout November and December. To ensure overall stewardship (content, timely
delivery) of the Leadership and Coordination Action Plan, a P-5 Senior Project Manager has been
engaged.

Furthermore, UNHCR is delinking its inter-agency coordination functions from operational functions in
Lebanon and strengthening coordination functions in Jordan and Iraq. This has allowed UNHCR to
establish functions dedicated to coordination without detracting from the operational resources and efforts
at delivery. Currently, more than 30 staff members are dedicated to coordination of the operational
agencies and partners in the design and implementation of the regional refugee response. The objective of
these positions is to ensure joint planning, strategic prioritization and coherent and efficient delivery in all
sectors, and close coordination with donors, governments and other stakeholders at their respective levels.|\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**1. Inter-agency**
**coordination**

Clarify and strengthen
UNHCR\u2019s approach to
coordinating the international
response to the Syrian
refugee emergency.
_Continued_

|





Regional office|Furthermore, the Inter-sectoral Working Group in Jordan conducted in September 2013 a survey on sector
coordination. The survey aimed to assess the current performance of sector coordination and set a baseline
against which progress on improvements to coordination can be measured over time. The survey had 111
respondents and exemplifies a practice that can be replicated in other operations to establish benchmarks
on coordination in the refugee response.

UNHCR coordinated and led a broad participatory planning process in the development of the 2014 Syria
Regional Response Plan (RRP6) \u2013 reflecting the combined efforts of 106 humanitarian partners, five host
Governments and 35 sector working groups. Through the consultative development process, the Plan
features categorization \u2013 whereby expected outputs are categorized as i. life-saving or preventing
immediate risk of harm; ii. preventing deterioration of vulnerabilities; and iii. strengthening capacity and
resilience among refugees and host communities \u2013 and presents the full year\u2019s funding requirements into
six-monthly portions to allow both appealing agencies and donors to reassess coverage, identify gaps and
better target support at the mid-year mark. A mid-year review of the RRP6 will revisit the planning
figures, objectives, strategy and budgetary requirements. This ensures a flexible and more adequate
response planning to the volatile situation and population flows, and provides an opportunity for planning
revisions in relation to other resource mobilization platforms and national-led strategies at the mid-year
point. The review will also allow agencies to identify new needs, re-categorize outputs and adapt their
activities to the fast-changing operational environment given the difficulty to exactly predict how the
regional situation will evolve in the coming months.

In addition, UNHCR and RRP partners in a collegial undertaking have successfully introduced monthly
results-based reporting on 2013 activities. Ongoing efforts will be made to ensure reporting reflects the
collective efforts of all partners in the Syria response.




|\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "results-based reporting", - "confidence": 0.7897247672080994, - "start": 521, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6315483450889587, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9716435670852661, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9872031807899475, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**1. Inter-agency**
**coordination**

Clarify and strengthen
UNHCR\u2019s approach to
coordinating the international
response to the Syrian
refugee emergency.
_Continued_

|Regional office|**Action 2: Leadership strengthened**
UNHCR has appointed a new Director of the Regional Bureau of the Middle East and North Africa and
brought the Syria situation operation fully under the authority of the new Director. In recognition of the
magnitude and complexity of the Syria situation regional refugee response, the Director is now based in
the region and has established his office in Amman to ensure close oversight of the operations. The
Director has also taken on the function of the Regional Refugee Coordinator, providing the interface
between UNHCR and regional stakeholders, including the Regional Humanitarian Coordinator and other
strategic/planning platforms in the region.

UNHCR has also taken the leadership to ensure that proper linkages are made between the humanitarian
response (under the Regional Response Plans) and more medium-term stabilization/early recovery
frameworks by the UN, the World Bank and their partners.

|\n|**2. Expansion and**
**decentralization**

Reinforce UNHCR\u2019s
presence and capacity at the
point of delivery.|

Country offices|Agreed.

**Action:**UNHCR is strengthening its response capacity to address immediate humanitarian needs by
expanding its field presence and strengthening its coordination capacity. In coordination with municipal
authorities, programmatic decision-making is being devolved closest to points of delivery through a
decentralization process.

Country offices have delegated more programme management authority, responsibility and accountability
to its field offices. UNHCR Lebanon has been decentralized since the outset, with an office established in
Qubayat in 2011, followed by offices in Tripoli and Bekaa in 2012 and in Tyre in 2013. UNHCR Jordan
has had field presences in Za\u2019atri camp and Irbid since mid-2012 and early 2013 respectively. These
presences will be upgraded to fully fledged offices, with a new office identified in Mafraq as well as plans
to establish a satellite office close to the new camp in Azraq. UNHCR Iraq is promoting the delegations of
authority with the sub-office in the Kurdish region and program management, including sub-agreements,
for the Kurdistan Region are developed and signed in Erbil.|\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**2. Expansion and**
**decentralization**

Reinforce UNHCR\u2019s
presence and capacity at the
point of delivery.
_Continued_|




|As the responsibilities of these field presences expand, a greater number of authorities are also devolved
to the field offices supported by new positions, including in the areas of programme,
administration/finance, protection, community services. Additional technical staff are also being deployed
in key sectors, further allowing for increased delivery at a field level. This is strengthening UNHCR\u2019s
capacity to monitor progress, identify problems and take timely and corrective action in coordination with
its partners from host governments and national and international NGOs to achieve agreed results.

|\n|**3. Protection space**

Convene an international
conference on the Syrian
refugee crisis to secure
commitments to a
multifaceted response based
on international
responsibility-sharing.
|

Headquarters|Agreed.

**Action**: UNHCR included at this year\u2019s Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme a
humanitarian and non-political High-Level Segment on Solidarity and Burden-Sharing with Countries
Hosting Syrian Refugees as an integral part of the Executive Committee\u2019s agenda. The High-Level
Segment was held over two days from 30 September to 1 October with the participation of 30 ministers,
UN Agencies, a number of which represented at principal level (UNDP, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNOCHA,
WFP), NGO partners and the World Bank. In response to the compelling presentations made by Ministers
of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey on the generosity thus far displayed by their government and
people and the socio-economic impact of the presence of large refugee populations on their countries, the
High-Level Segment secured commitments to a multi-faceted response based on international
responsibility-sharing to i. safeguard access to protection for those fleeing the conflict; ii. mobilize
additional financial support to meet community development needs in host countries; and iii. enhance
options for long-term, durable solutions including resettlement and humanitarian admissions. Numerous
governments committed themselves to addressing the humanitarian and development needs created by the
refugee exodus and 16 states have offered to provide resettlement or other humanitarian admission places
for some 10,000 refugees. The related Final Statement of the High-Level Segment was formally approved
by the 64th Annual Session of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee.



|\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REALT-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**4. Support for host**
**countries and**
**communities**

Ensure the immediate
involvement of development
actors so as to mitigate the
impact of the refugee influx
on host states and
communities.|Regional office

Country offices







Country offices|Agreed.

UNHCR is taking a comprehensive approach to guide, coordinate and engage with development actors.
UNHCR is already collaborating with development agencies and financial institutions to provide capacity
development and longer term development programmes including on current initiatives with ESCWA,
UNDP and the World Bank (WB). Through these initiatives, UNHCR has continuously advocated for an
early and swift mobilization of longer-term aid instruments and most recently is contributing to the
development of the Comprehensive Regional Strategy under the stewardship of the Regional
Humanitarian Coordinator.

**Action 1:** **Addressing needs of host communities in the RRP6**
As the refugee crisis enters its fourth year, the RRP6 will address three target groups including i. refugees
accommodated in organized settlements; ii. refugees residing in private accommodation or settlements;
and iii. people in host communities. Some 2.7 million people from host communities will benefit from the
RRP6 through education, health, livelihood and social cohesion initiatives. To mitigate tensions between
refugees and host communities, self-reliance programmes such as job placement support and vocational
trainings are included in the Plan. Programmes aim to empower refugees and host communities groups
including women and vulnerable groups in host communities. Although limited in its scope and duration,
the RRP6 is designed to complement longer-term interventions, upon which stabilization processes in the
region will largely depend.






|\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**4. Support for host**
**countries and**
**communities**

Ensure the immediate
involvement of development
actors so as to mitigate the
impact of the refugee influx
on host states and
communities.
_Continued_|Regional office
Country offices|**Action 2:** **Engagement with UNDP**
Cooperation is on-going in Lebanon. At the policy level, UNDP, UNHCR and the Ministry of Social
Affairs co-chair a Task Force on support to local communities within the overall refugee response
framework. Since the beginning of 2013, UNDP is an implementing partner of a number of UNHCR-
financed community support projects (total value US$ 1.5 million) at Municipality level. More generally,
UNDP is part of the review committee at field level for all community support projects identified under
UNHCR\u2019s programme for host communities.

In Jordan, an approach to supporting local Jordanian communities has been developed by the UNCT and a
preliminary management framework agreed with the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation
(MoPIC). UNHCR and UNDP will co-lead the Secretariat in partnership with MoPIC. Technical
modalities for support are being developed.

In Iraq, UNDP has initiated a first assessment within host communities and developed a concept note on
Support for Non-camp Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in the Kurdistan Region.

A regional MoU between UNHCR and UNDP is being signed for the purpose of guiding the work of
country operations.











|\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**4. Support for host**
**countries and**
**communities**

Ensure the immediate
involvement of development
actors so as to mitigate the
impact of the refugee influx
on host states and
communities.
Continued|Country offices|**Action 3: Engagement with the World Bank**
UNHCR has entertained very close cooperation with the WB in the response for the Syria operation.

In Lebanon, UNHCR is collaborating with the WB on a socio-economic survey of refugees and hosting
communities. UNHCR was instrumental in initially pushing forward the idea of an impact assessment
with the Government and the WB. It has participated in and provided inputs into the preparation of the
Economic and Social Impact Assessment report (finalized in mid-September 2013)1. The report highlights
considerable losses to the Lebanon\u2019s GDP (c. US$ 7.5 billion since 2011) and estimated stabilization
costs of US$ 2.5 billion.

Additionally, UNHCR is liaising with the WB to see how to support several of its current initiatives for
hosting communities. The WB has also agreed to work with UNHCR in ensuring that initiatives within
the RRP that respond to the humanitarian emergency in a way that provides support to Lebanese
communities and institutions are appropriately tagged for ease of reference for donors. The links between
the RRP initiatives and those proposed in the first track of the WB\u2019s recently released roadmap are also
being made, with efforts underway to ensure that projects developed in the first track \u201crapid delivery and
immediate impact\u201d of the WB\u2019s roadmap are immediately funded.

In Jordan, UNHCR participated in the WB-led identification missions in June 2013 looking at priority
sectors impacted by the conflict and the refugee presence. A project document for an initial emergency
loan of US$ 150 million (focused on support to the health sector and subsidy support for essential
commodities) has been developed. In July and August 2013, UNHCR participated in the project design
mission to formulate a host community support intervention amounting to c. US$ 50-55 million (a mix of
loans and grants) in support of local municipalities.

|\n\n\n\n1 Lebanon: Economic and Social Impact Assessment of The Syrian Conflict, available on http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/09/24/000333037_20130924111238/Rendered/PDF/810980LB0box379831B00P14754500PUBLIC0.pdf\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic survey", - "confidence": 0.6278913617134094, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7112113237380981, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9668922424316406, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9407814145088196, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Economic and Social Impact Assessment report", - "confidence": 0.9871542453765869, - "start": 242, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8785934448242188, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9236796498298645, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6411002278327942, - "start": 280, - "end": 281 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**5. Planning and**
**preparedness**

Develop regional and
national strategic plans with
particular attention given to
contingency planning and
emergency preparedness**.**
||Agreed.

**Action 1:**Implement far-reaching winterization programme
UNHCR and Regional Response Plan (RRP) partners are implementing a plan that meets the needs of the
most vulnerable Syrian refugees in the region. In total, RRP partners are providing assistance to all
Syrians residing in camps and over 40 per cent living outside of camps, targeting more than 1.1 million
beneficiaries in total. A range of activities will be implemented including a supplemental distribution of
core relief items or cash assistance, and weatherproofing for families living in sub-standard shelters. The
overall Syria RRP winterization programme for refugees in the region is valued at some US$ 138 million.

**Action 2:** Update contingency plans
In response to the threat of possible air strikes inside Syria in September 2013, UNHCR has worked with
its UN and NGO partners to update its contingency planning in Syria as well as in neighbouring countries.
Planning for the first four weeks of a mass outflow are in place to assist a total of 600,000 refugees
crossing into Turkey (200,000 people), Jordan (150,000), Lebanon (150,000) and Northern Iraq
(100,000).

Core relief items are readily available in the respective countries and at UNHCR\u2019s regional stockpile in
Zarqa (Jordan) to meet the needs of 5,000 people per day for 30 days (150,000 people). UNHCR
maintains further stocks for up to 350,000 people in its Dubai-based Global Emergency Stockpile and
beyond. UNHCR Iraq is maintaining a stockpile to respond to the needs of up to 100,000 new arrivals in
one month. UNHCR also maintains a large number of frame agreements with suppliers for basic goods to
procure and ship items quickly to specific locations as needed. Nonetheless, challenges related to the
delivery of core relief items including security and free passage (border and custom complexities) remain
e.g. movements from Jordan to northern Iraq takes six days and Lebanon is no longer easily accessible by
road, necessitating shipments via sea or airlift. Country offices are also working to develop and maintain
contingency plans for a large-scale influx that would surpass existing receptions mechanisms.

Notwithstanding the above, an essential feature of the region\u2019s contingency plans is the ability of
Government, UN and NGOs partners to contribute to the collective efforts of any emergency response.|\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 1: More
extensive and effective
outreach to out-of-camp
refugees.













|



Regional office
Country offices









|Agreed.
UNHCR is strengthening community outreach and sharing best practices between operations. The
establishment of new field offices will assist this process and enhance UNHCR\u2019s presence.

**Action 1:** **Increasing outreach through strategic communication with beneficiaries**
Taking into consideration the specific needs and profiles of Syrian refugees in each country, UNHCR
dedicated a specialist Mass Information (MI) team to develop targeted messages and identified
appropriate channels to provide relevant information to refugee communities. A MI tool kit has been
developed and rolled out to improve awareness amongst refugees of services available from UNHCR and
response partners. Some UNHCR offices throughout the region have recruited MI staff to collaborate with
sector working groups and operational agencies in messaging efforts directed at refugees and host
communities. More than 160 staff from UNHCR and response partners in Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt,
Turkey and Syria have been trained on designing MI strategies.

UNHCR and response partners are working to increase coordination of strategic communications with
beneficiaries and an inventory of current and planned MI initiatives has been created. A regional
consultation in cooperation with the Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC)
network is scheduled in February 2014 to exchange further information on strategies.

Additionally, in Jordan alone, 140 Government, UN, and NGO staff involved in camp management have
been trained on the importance of two-way communication with refugees living in camps. In order to
facilitate direct communication with refugees, hotlines have been established in Jordan and Egypt, five
help desks have been set up in Jordan, and public announcement and mass SMS systems have been put in
place in Iraq and Lebanon. During the recent influx of Syrian refugees into Northern Iraq, outreach
through more than 150 refugee volunteers in newly-established camps reduced chaos, while relevant
printed material ensured that refugees were informed about assistance, registration procedures and rights.
In addition, Protection, Assistance, and Reintegration Centres and mobile teams in Iraq have been
enhanced, and a protection community based network has been established. UNHCR is also planning to
develop a volunteer outreach network in Dohuk to better identify and address the needs of urban refugees.
|\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 1: More
extensive and effective
outreach to out-of-camp
refugees.
_Continued_
|Country offices|**Action 2**: **Scaling up assistance to mitigate the high cost of living**
In Jordan, UNHCR has cleared the registration backlog at its Amman and Irbid urban registration centres.
UNHCR and humanitarian partners have put in place a system of outreach and protection monitoring in
the country\u2019s main refugee-hosting areas. Over 85,000 home visits have been conducted since September
2012 to reach out to and assess the vulnerability of refugees living outside of camp settings. UNHCR will
continue to expand the cash intervention support to the most vulnerable urban refugees. The cash
programme implemented by UNHCR and partners for vulnerable refugees has expanded in the past six
months to over 10,000 families. UNHCR's cash assistance programme in Jordan utilizes biometric
technology, has very low overheads and could be adopted as a best practice for the region.

In Lebanon, where refugees reside together with host communities in over 1,500 urban and rural
localities, hundreds of thousands are already benefitting from assistance out of camps. Efforts are being
made to strengthen community outreach through refugee volunteers programme, increased number of
NGO and government-run community development centres with mobile component and participatory
assessments. These initiatives are complemented by additional expertise in cash programming and
distribution to oversee the rapid up-scaling of assistance in line with spiralling refugee numbers. As
UNHCR is moving out of procurement/warehousing and in-kind distribution (to be gradually replaced by
cash assistance), a monitoring and outreach strategy is being put in place (using some of the same
distribution NGO partners) to enhance UNHCR\u2019s outreach capacity in the field through home visits. The
purpose is to more systematically monitor the living conditions of refugees and identify protection and
humanitarian assistance needs.

In Iraq, the cash assistance program is being expanded to reach the equivalent of 5,000 families. A cash
assistance consultant is being recruited to provide additional tools and expertise on designing an efficient
and effective programme. In the central region, the assistance to non-camp refugees is integrated into the
Extremely Vulnerable Individuals scheme, which is functioning well. Those in need are identified through
the protection centre or through mobile teams.


|\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 1: More
extensive and effective
outreach to out-of-camp
refugees.
_Continued_
|Country offices|**Action 3**: **Formulate an extensive programme of Quick Impact Projects**
More than 350 community support projects are being implemented in Jordan and Lebanon, and hundreds
more are planned across the region.

In Lebanon, around US$ 2 million have gone into 119 smaller host community driven support projects
benefitting an estimated 1.7 million Lebanese and half a million refugees. In addition, host communities
have profited from interventions in WASH, shelter, education, and health. More than 3,000 people (40 per
cent Lebanese) have enrolled in vocational training programmes, at least 20 per cent leading to gainful
employment, and a number of agencies are now establishing more wide-ranging livelihood programmes.

UNHCR Jordan has also ramped up its investment in Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and Community
Impact Projects (CIPs). By the end of 2013, a total of 40 QIPs and 5 CIPs should be implemented. This is
a significantly increase from 2012 and sets the tone for 2014, where more comprehensive plans will be
included in the RRP6. UNHCR Jordan also opened community centres and expanded its community
outreach through so-called Community Action Committees. The number of the latter has doubled and
additional committees stand to be launched before the end of the year.

In Iraq, UNHCR has launched QIPs implemented by NGOs targeting the non-camp population. A
working group led by UNDP and UNHCR was formalized in September 2013, SOPs for QIPs were
developed and a dedicated budget per governorate was allocated to the total amount of $5 million.










|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 2: Improve
standards and security for
refugees living in camps.
|

Country offices|Agreed.

**Action**: Implementation is on-going in Jordan and Iraq, the two countries covered by the RTE in which
camps have been established for Syrian refugees.

In Jordan, the replacement of tents with pre-fabricated container dwellings in Za\u2019atri camp improved
living conditions and provided more privacy, dignity and protection - a priority demand in the shelter
sector strategy for addressing attention to the needs and concerns of women and girls who consider their
tent homes unsafe as tents cannot be locked and provide insufficient privacy when to be shared with men.2
Shelter and settlement achievements also included the development of a new camp at Azraq as part of the
contingency plan to accommodate refugees in the event of a mass outflow from Syria. All essential
infrastructure and basic service facilities are designed and implemented for this capacity and the master
plan was developed from a lessons learned reflection and from the aim to avoid mistakes observed in
Za\u2019atri. This approach included the need to provide utmost transparency over the planning process and in
doing so to enhance a commitment of all stakeholder Agencies to actively engage in all phases of
planning and physical implementation. The approach was successfully implemented through regular
interagency meetings and discussions of cross cutting issues for all detailed planning issues and
throughout all stages of the Master Plan. On Government level, this included also the participation and
engagement of key Line Ministries, such as the MoPIC, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, the
Office of the Governorate of Zarqa and other Government Departments.







|\n\n\n2 CP&GBV SWG Jordan (Jan 2013) _Findings from the Interagency Child Protection and Gender-Based Violence Assessment in the Za\u2019atari Refugee Camp_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 2: Improve
standards and security for
refugees living in camps.
_Continued_|

|At the time of the RTE, some 120,000 refugees lived in Za'atri camp, the largest Syrian refugee camp in the
region. Since that time, the population has been reduced as the numbers crossing into Jordan have decreased
and there has been some movement to host communities. A verification exercise is currently underway to
determine the exact population of the camp. It is worth nothing that even when the population was at
120,000, some services in Za'atri were being provided at standards higher than SPHERE guidelines.
Security is a major challenge and a key protection issue in the camp. UNHCR developed a new governance
plan for Za\u2019atri, which seeks to address security concerns by restructuring the camp, empowering new
community leadership structures, decentralizing services, strengthening the role of the Jordanian police and
ending impunity for criminal behaviour. UNHCR continues to pursue further gains in security to ensure
protection standards are met and plans to expand the presence of the Syrian Refugees Camps Department in
the districts while strengthening humanitarian organizations\u2019 engagement and communications with, and
accountability to refugees.

In Iraq, great efforts are being made by response partners to tackle the poor hygiene conditions in Domiz
camp (Dohuk governorate). Nonetheless, the overcrowded camp, which is hosting some 45,000 residents in
a site originally intended for 30,000 people, needs to be decongested for conditions to improve. A key
priority for UNHCR was obtaining more land and construction of additional camps in the Kurdistan Region,
both to decongest Domiz camp and to accommodate new arrivals. UNHCR has received additional land to
be developed into camps to accommodate new arrivals. In addition to Domiz camp, six permanent camps
have been established, including four in Erbil (Kawergosk, Darashakran, Qushtapa and Basirma) and one
each in Dohuk (Gawilan) and Sulemaniyah (Arbat). It is expected that these camps will help with the
decongestion of Domiz camp as well as ensure that the new Syrian arrivals are accommodated in safety and
dignity and in line with international standards. Approximately, 11,000 tents have been distributed and
erected in Anbar and the Kurdistan Region governorates. In addition, concrete foundations have been or are
in the process of being established for 6,940 tents in the newly established locations as a result of the influx.
Strategic mass information campaigns are also implemented at each site to raise awareness among the
refugee population regarding their right, duties and services available, and to reinforce their protection and
security.

|\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "verification exercise", - "confidence": 0.9531552791595459, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5144488215446472, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 3: Improve
access to services and
assistance (in particular with
respect to health and
education).||Agreed.
Syrian refugees in both camp and urban/rural settings remain largely dependent on the provision of
assistance and services across the different sectors. Meeting their basic needs, enhancing access to services
and enhancing the absorption capacity of host government services continues to be key priorities in response
plans across the region.

NB: The response below is a summary and complement to the detailed information available in the RRP5
monthly results-based reporting dashboards and the RRP6 (available on theSyria Regional Refugee
Response Inter-agency Information Sharing Portal).

**Action 1: Enhancing access to education**
In line with inter-agency vulnerability assessments, UNHCR continues to support interventions to provide
protection and quality learning opportunities for children, including through advocacy in recognition of the
displacement of one million Syrian refugee children, supporting the_A Lost Generation?_ initiative
spearheaded by UNICEF and through_The Future of Syria \u2013 Refugee Children in Crisis_ report, the first in-
depth survey conducted by UNHCR of Syrian children since the start of the conflict, which found
widespread psychological distress, many children living alone or separated from their parents, most
receiving no education, and extensive involvement of children in illegal labour.

Although significant progress has been made to register Syrian children in public schools, enrolment and
retention remains critically low. Partners are working to address barriers to education as well as enhance the
absorption capacity of the public education system in host countries, which have come under enormous
strain as a result of the ever increasing refugee population.

In Jordan, Syrian children benefit from free access to public schools across the country, regardless of their
status. The number of Syrian children registered in public schools increased significantly from 30,000
children in March 2013 to over 83,000 children in both host communities and refugee camps by October
2013, which represents 44 per cent of the total registered school aged Syrian children with UNHCR. This
includes those 15,000 children registered and benefitting from formal education in Za\u2019atri camp and the
Emirate Jordan Camp.|\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RRP5", - "confidence": 0.8169763088226318, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7986108064651489, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Children in Crisis_ report", - "confidence": 0.9455873370170593, - "start": 315, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7212842702865601, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8931666612625122, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8334537744522095, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian children", - "confidence": 0.9904873967170715, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 3: Improve
access to services and
assistance (in particular with
respect to health and
education).
_Continued_










||Remedial and catch up classes have been launched in both host communities and camps to support
vulnerable Syrian children to overcome learning difficulties they were facing after weeks, and sometimes
months without school access. Outreach activities ensured adequate information regarding education
services are provided to families and children. With clear gap in assistance to adolescents girls and boys, and
youth, education actors endeavored to further strengthen the coverage and coordination through a dedicate
forum, the Youth Taskforce. Created under both Education Sector Working Group and Child Protection
Sub-Working Group, the taskforce aims to ensure that existing gaps are filled in as well as youth needs are
addressed in a participatory manner in Za\u2019atri camp.

The host community platform, an initiative addressing the longer term development needs and impact of
refugees in host communities, is also being created for education sector and will ensure the humanitarian
assistance is linked up with medium and longer term developmental needs in host communities. Partners are
also working together to ensure a continuous and tighter collaboration between Education sector and Child
Protection sub-Working Group partners to address needs and challenges on key issues such as reducing the
exposure to child labor and early marriage risks through accessing education, ensuring safe learning
environment for students in schools.

In Lebanon, concerted action by the Ministry for Education and Higher Education (MEHE) with
humanitarian partners enabled some 30,000 Syrian children to enrol in the Lebanese public school system
for the school year 2012/2013. Some 7,000 Palestine refugee children from Syria enrolled in schools
managed by UNRWA. A further 45,000 vulnerable children (Syrian, Lebanese returnees and vulnerable
Lebanese populations) accessed non-formal education. UNHCR is focusing on measures to increase
classroom capacity, expand the cadre of teaching staff and mitigate against quality concerns. Investment is
being made to increase enrolment in formal education including through community outreach for enrolment;
support with tuition fees and the costs of transportation; improvement of school environments; running
second shifts and providing learning support to ensure school retention. Enrolment in non-formal education
programmes will be enhanced, including through the introduction of a structured Accelerated Learning
Program accredited by MEHE. Furthermore, national capacity to respond to the increasing needs of both
Lebanese and refugee populations will be increased through capacity building of government officials and
partners and professional development for teachers and educational personnel.|\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 3: Improve
access to services and
assistance (in particular with
respect to health and
education.
_Continued_


||In Iraq, education coordination systems have been established by UNICEF at all levels. Response partners
have facilitated the enrolment of over 14,701 Syrian children in educational facilities, both in camp and in
host community schools. Enrolment has been increasing over the past year as refugees resettle from transit
to more permanent camps where semi-permanent classrooms have been constructed or rehabilitated in host
community schools. Since May, three pre-fabricated schools were constructed in Domiz and another 40
tented classrooms were provided with educational supplies in the new camps in Qushtapa, Kawergosk,
Basirma, Akra and Gawilan camps since August 2013. All pre-fab structures are being modelled to facilitate
access for disabled children. UNHCR and partners are conducting a Community Assessment of barriers for
non-camp Syrian refugee children to access education in all governorates of the KR. The assessment will in
addition examine how disabled Syrian refugee children have been accessing education and how education
provision can be improved for children with special learning needs.

In Iraq, the_A Lost Generation?_ initiative builds on three pillars; ensuring access to and continuity in
education a paramount priority in camps and communities;developing community based protection
mechanisms and the provision ofpsychosocial care; and, youth will be provided with alternative education,
vocational training and to speak for their own rights and the rights of people in their communities.













|\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 3: Improve
access to services and
assistance (in particular with
respect to health and
education).
_Continued_
||**Action 2: Enhancing access to health services**
UNHCR is enhancing coordination and partnerships between UN agencies, NGOs and national health
sectors to utilise the comparative advantages of each, avoid duplication and ensure that resources are
used in the most cost-efficient way and to achieve maximum impact. Owing to the excellent level of
cooperation between UN agencies and NGO partners that has prevailed in the development of the
RRP6, health partners were able to fully incorporate the polio response into the Plan in the very late
stage of its development.

Although Lebanon has a wide network of health care service providers, affordability is the main barrier
to health for affected populations. Health services in Lebanon are largely privatized and based on user
fees. Refugees are often expected to cover the costs of treatment, which can sometimes reach
significantly above their means. Humanitarian actors continued to assist refugees with treatment costs
and supported the fragile network of public health providers with medicines, equipment and staff
capacity to respond to increased demand and mitigate against deteriorations in services for Lebanese
communities. Health education and mass information activities are also being expanded across the
country to advise refugees about the services available and how to access assistance. Refugees are
encouraged to seek treatment in contracted hospitals where UNHCR and partners have negotiated
preferential rates.

UNHCR is also working to improve efficiencies by centralizing procurement of essential drugs for
acute and chronic conditions and making them available to targeted refugees and vulnerable Lebanese
for a nominal fee. UNHCR will also use a Third Party Administrator to administer and audit medical
and financial services provided by contracted hospitals. This will reduce the burden on partners,
enabling them to focus on case follow up and monitoring. It will also provide for better scrutiny of
treatments prescribed to targeted groups, given reports of unnecessary medical procedures and the
prescription of expensive therapeutic regimes.



|\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REAL-TIME EVALUATION OF
UNHCR\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Recommendation**|**Action by**|**Management response and action taken**|\n|**6. Emergency response**

Recommendation 3: Improve
access to services and
assistance (in particular with
respect to health and
education).
_Continued_
||In Jordan, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has maintained its policy of free access to primary and
secondary care in their facilities for registered Syrians living outside of camps. Most refugees therefore
have the right to access MoH services. A coordination structure is already in place and includes sub-
working groups on Nutrition, Mental Health/Psycho-social Support and Reproductive Health. Links
with other sectors will also be strengthened such as to protection on the health response to SGBV. A
strategy to strengthen refugee participation and engagement in provision of information and selected
health services by training and supporting male and female community health volunteers will be
developed by agencies working in the health sector and resources sought for this. Furthermore,
vulnerability identification and scoring will be improved with the aim of better targeting and reaching
those most vulnerable with essential services and assistance and monitoring of assistance against needs.
This will build on a pilot project initiated in Za\u2019atri in 2013 and expand to other sectors.

In Iraq, the Kurdistan Regional Government is making a concerted effort to ensure access to health care
for refugees, including providing referral care for secondary and tertiary health services. Partners have
established primary health centres that deliver a free-of-charge package of essential health services,
including reproductive health and mental health. Health needs assessments have been conducted and
systems for communicable disease surveillance and early detection of outbreaks have been established
in the camps. The rapid establishment of six new camps and multiple transit sites in the Kurdistan
Region has been a challenge and partners are working to ensure that one primary health centre is
available for every 10,000 refugees in each camp. For refugees outside of camps, partners are
prioritizing resources to ensure that refugees have free access to health services and that the host
population\u2019s access is not hindered by the influx of refugees. In order to achieve this objective, various
components of the health system in the host community are being increasingly strengthened, including
among others, supporting primary health and referral facilities located near the camps or areas with high
concentration of displaced Syrian population, uninterrupted provision of medicines and supplies and
equipment, capacity building for health practitioners; and health education and promotion to the
population in the community.

|\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bd704e1-03df-3a9e-90f7-777d3a342d78/ManagementResponsetotheRTEofSyrianRefugeeCrisis20131217.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_485/raw/doc_485_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_485/raw/doc_485_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0191fa55c2abc5688b93e4d5a108f3a6e65bb55a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_485/raw/doc_485_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,688 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n**Mapping of Cash and Voucher Assistances (CVAs) in T\u00fcrkiye in 2023**\n\n\n_Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG) published this document to_\n_share a summary of the findings of Mapping of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye in 2023, along with the_\n_background information and purpose (Annex A). Further findings of the mapping and detailed_\n_programme information can be found on the online interactive dashboard, currently available_\n_in_ _[English.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjBhOGI2MDktMjY3NS00M2ZkLTllYzktMGEzNWYxMWIxMjRlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)_\n\n\n**Overview:** The exercise of _Mapping of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye in 2023_ captured information on **77**\n**programmes by 28 organisations**, 42 of them being designed for the earthquake response, 15\nof them repurposed to respond to the needs derived from the earthquake and 20 of them are\noutside the earthquake response. Out of 77 projects, 35 projects were reported by National\nNGOs, 22 by INGOs and 20 were reported by UN Agencies.\n\n\nThe mapping also captured information related to **14 nationwide projects** implemented by\nTRC, UNFPA and UNHCR. These include SSN and projects related to cash for protection, cash\nfor basic needs, higher education and winterisation. The existence of diverse CVA projects\naiming at national coverage is encouraging; on the other hand, sectors should further analyse\nwhether these interventions adequately meet the needs and are capable of practically\naddressing the gaps, specifically in regions that have commonly experienced limited presence\nof support such as provinces of Central, Northern and Eastern Anatolia.\n\n\nIn general, support **coverage in T\u00fcrkiye** mainly concentrates on SET due to EQ response,\nAnkara, and the metropolitan cities of Marmara and Aegean provinces and 34 provinces are\ndirectly targeted by partners. The current round of mapping exercise found some promising\nexamples including the geographical expansion of cash-based interventions under Protection\nand Basic Needs sector such as CVA in Van and A\u011fr\u0131 provinces. As mentioned above, this is not\nthe case in all sectors and also in other regions of Anatolia. Moreover, the CVA programmes\nalso spread to neighbouring provinces of 11 EQ affected provinces, including Mardin,\nDiyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Sivas and Kayseri. For example, complementary cash-based interventions\nbasic needs support coverage mostly focuses on SET, resulting in gaps in other areas.\n\n\nThe number of **CVA recipients** indicated as 6.96 million. It should be noted that these numbers\ndo not capture unique beneficiary figures as it is possible for one beneficiary to receive more\nthan one cash support in the 2023 period considering the EQ-specific assistances provided by\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOverall **budget** of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye stated as\n$2.04 billion. The specific EQ-related\nresponses contributed to the higher level\nof overall CVA budget in 2023. Overall,\n$1.56 billion budget was designed for EQ\nresponse and additional $66.2 million was\nrepurposed to respond to the needs\nderived from the EQ.\n\n\n**Age and gender breakdown** indicates that\nwomen (33.9%) received more CVA\nassistance when compared to men (27.8%)\ngirls (%19) and boys (18.9%). Women\nreceived almost 9% more assistance in\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "apping of Cash and Voucher Assistances", - "confidence": 0.7077623605728149, - "start": 16, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.9175383448600769, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.9408755898475647, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "023*", - "confidence": 0.761313259601593, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "023*", - "confidence": 0.8634331822395325, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping", - "confidence": 0.5428809523582458, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping exercise", - "confidence": 0.6889393925666809, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "beneficiary figures", - "confidence": 0.6129716038703918, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.8364560604095459, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8915591835975647, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CVAs", - "confidence": 0.6999983191490173, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n2023, in comparison with 2022-2023 mapping. On the other hand, 6958 non-binary children\nand 5401 non-binary adults were provided with CVA in 2023.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMapping brings out that **nationality breakdown** of the beneficiaries of the cash-based\ninterventions across sectors are expectedly reflecting the population size of different groups;\nSyrians (55%) being the highest number of beneficiaries, followed by host community\nmembers (40%), Iraqis (2.5%), Afghans (2%) and Iranians (<1%). Other nationalities targeted\ninclude nationals of Angola, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Central Africa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,\nGuinea, Mali, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Republic of the Congo, Russia, Senegal, Somalia,\nSudan, Ukraine and Yemen. There is a significant increase in the number of host community\nmembers receiving assistance reaching over 2.5 million due to the EQ response while 59.043\nand 83.313 host community members were targeted in 2021-22 and 2022-23 periods,\nrespectively.\n\n\n**Brief Description of CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye:** Based on the **sectoral breakdown** of CVAs in 2023,\nmost projects are reported under **Basic Needs** (42), followed by Protection (28), FSL (18),\nShelter/NFI (10), Economic Empowerment (7), Education (6), WASH (4), Health (3) and TSS (1).\nWithin the scope of Basic Needs CVAs, including Shelter/NFI, approximately 5.4 million\nbeneficiaries were reached and almost 50% of reached beneficiaries were Turkish nationals.\nAs a result, almost all the Turkish nationals reached with CVA in 2023 is reached under Basic\nNeeds sector. Protection sector provided cash for protection to over 614.000 beneficiaries.\nBasic Needs being the top sector for CVAs is unsurprising noting the increasing needs due to\nthe EQ and increase in the provision of Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance (MPCA).\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "apping.", - "confidence": 0.5925294756889343, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.6368842124938965, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "023,", - "confidence": 0.928886353969574, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "022-2023", - "confidence": 0.9694862961769104, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "on-binary children", - "confidence": 0.9144963026046753, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nIn 2023, 46 MPCA programmes are reported for CVA Mapping which is the type of CVA that\nreached over 6.5 million beneficiaries. MPCA is widely preferred by partners last year as this\nmodality can cover Basic Needs and other sectoral needs derived from the EQ in an effective\nand swift manner. [Joint Market Assessment Round 2](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104988) that was conducted by CBI TWG\nmembers in November 2023 revealed that markets and FSPs in the EQ zone is available and\nfunctional. Therefore, CBI TWG also recommended provision of CVA in the region with an\nemphasis on the advantages of providing MPCA rather than providing in-kind assistance.\n\n\nIn 2023, 63 CVA programming in **rural** **contexts** has conducted while 64 programmes designed\nin a way to cover urban context, 9 programmes covered Temporary Accommodation Centres\nand 3 programmes covered temporary settlements. It should be noted that one programme\ncan cover more than one context.\n\n\nWhen we look at the **appealing situation**, 34 projects appealed under 3RP while 43 did not\nand 30 projects are appealed under Flash Appeal which is specifically created for determining\nfunding needs for the EQ response. Of the 77 programmes reported for CVA Mapping, 48 of\nthem reported to Activity Info as well and 28 of them can be reached through Services Advisor\nthat is a platform for persons in need and partners can find the geographical coverage and\nother related information regarding existing programmes in T\u00fcrkiye. Partners are\nrecommended to follow monthly reporting deadlines to Activity Info and provide regular\ninformation for the sake of the recognition level of their programmes and monitoring of\nprogrammes\u2019 progress. Partners are also encouraged to update their programme information\non Services Advisor regularly.\n\n\n**Financial Overview:** The dashboard provides information on **fundings** provided for CVA\nprojects in T\u00fcrkiye. [1] In 2023, ECHO provided $626 million funds million to SGDD-ASAM, DRC\nand TRC while approximately $626 million funds provided to TRC by USAID for the Collective\nKindness Project. Other donors include PRM, Canada Government, Netherlands Government,\nDanish International Development Agency, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation\n(SDC) and private donors (foundations, individuals, etc.).\n\nRegarding **types of CVA support,** a slight decrease in the overall number of programmes\nproviding **regular** cash assistance (31%) was recorded, but **one-off** support remained as\nprevalent as before. One-off cash assistance projects accounted for around 69% of all CVA\nprogrammes (53) captured in this round of mapping. This increase in the number of one-off\nprogrammes is explained by the EQ response. For example, a lot of Basic Needs CVA projects\n(33) provided during 2023 most of which are provided in the EQ-affected provinces.\n\n\nIn the context of **duration**, majority of programmes take beneficiaries seasonal/short-term\n(53, approximately 66% of projects captured) with seasonal programmes such as those\nrelating to support for agricultural workers or winterisation support, which are mostly under\nBasic Needs sector and the EQ-specific programmes.\n\n\n**Conditional and unconditional cash** assistance projects differ in terms of the numbers of CVA\nprogrammes mapped under each category. In 2023, partner provided beneficiaries with 66\nunconditional and 11 conditional CVA programmes. Since the purpose of the conditional cash\nprojects is to induce predetermined behavioural changes in beneficiaries expected to enhance\ncertain positive characteristics such as resilience, they are mostly observed in sectors such as\nEE and Education. Conditions for these programmes include attendance/excellence in higher\n\n\n1 It should be noted the figures captured in the dashboard are approximate figures and if more precise information\nis needs, relevant donor agencies should be contacted directly.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "oint Market Assessment Round 2]", - "confidence": 0.9055660367012024, - "start": 71, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "BI TWG", - "confidence": 0.800093412399292, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Q zone", - "confidence": 0.9182502627372742, - "start": 96, - "end": 98 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "023,", - "confidence": 0.9253926873207092, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "023,", - "confidence": 0.8156427145004272, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "eneficiaries.", - "confidence": 0.8954325914382935, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA Mapping", - "confidence": 0.8321700692176819, - "start": 234, - "end": 236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.7816348075866699, - "start": 279, - "end": 280 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Services Advisor", - "confidence": 0.9114696383476257, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "programme information", - "confidence": 0.6036560535430908, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.8815300464630127, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8868182301521301, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "CVA\nprojects", - "confidence": 0.5682305693626404, - "start": 346, - "end": 348 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA\nprogrammes", - "confidence": 0.82578444480896, - "start": 482, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EQ-affected provinces", - "confidence": 0.8608619570732117, - "start": 532, - "end": 534 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6254242658615112, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7753953337669373, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9077263474464417, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9447218179702759, - "start": 688, - "end": 689 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9462950825691223, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9569587707519531, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\neducation, business establishment/development, attendance/completion of vocational\ntraining, etc.\n\n\nNearly 70% of CVA programmes utilised **unrestricted cash** generally used under Basic Needs\nsector (31) projects as restriction in this respect aims to have the cash assistance spent in a\ncertain way conducive for meeting predetermined needs. On the other hand, 11% of the\nprogrammes utilized partially restricted cash under Basic Needs sectors, EE and Protection\nsectors and 19% adopted **restricted cash** more prevalently under FSL sector. Restricted\nprogrammes are generally restricted to the purchase of food, hygiene/sanitary items,\nclothing, business materials, expenses of legal aid, agricultural supplies and rent.\n\n\nVarious **transfer mechanisms** are used satisfactorily in T\u00fcrkiye context because many\norganisations need to utilise more than one mechanism considering how many different\ngroups they target. For instance, since Protection sector partners reach out to a wide range\nof beneficiaries, various transfer mechanisms can be deployed under a single programme.\nCash partners in T\u00fcrkiye are experienced in several forms of transfer mechanisms and interagency coordination works to facilitate transfer of this technical knowledge. In 2023, most\nutilized transfer mechanisms are e-vouchers (21) including A101, BIM and LC Waikiki\nvouchers. As a novelty, financial service providers such as NAGIS and GeniusTags are also\nemployed by partners within the context of the EQ response programmes. Using prepaid cards\n(18) such as PTT and Ziraat Bankas\u0131 cards and transfer to accounts pre-owned/opened by the\nbeneficiaries (13) and beneficiary-named accounts (i.e., K\u0131z\u0131layKart) (12) are also among the\nwidely used transfer mechanisms.\n\n\nIn the mapping findings dashboard, taking the average **transfer value** for one-off MPCA\nassistance projects is around TRY 5.995 which is in line with the MPCA Guidance provided by\nCBI TWG. It still should be noted that there are various sectoral nuances and distinctions that\ncan only be gauged by dedicated sector analyses. For instance, while Basic Needs sector\npartners provided an average of TRY 6.300 for one-off MPCA, FSL sector provides around TRY\n2.800 based on the identified needs.\n\n\nBasic Needs sector CVAs\u2019 transfer values are generally determined based on specific\nframeworks such as Minimum Expenditure Baskets (MEBs), particularly that estimated\nthrough TRC and IFRC\u2019s calculation methodology in the context of SSN assistance. In this\nsense, drawing on market research would benefit Basic Needs CVA projects to a great extent,\nsuch as referring to Joint Market Analysis [2] that was conducted for two rounds in May and\nNovember by CBI TWG in 2023. In addition, CBI TWG provided an [MPCA Guidance](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107224) to partners\nwho are willing to provide MPCA especially in the EQ zone.\n\n\nAverage for the regular **MPCA transfer value** is calculated as TRY 3.200 which is also in line\nwith MPCA Guidance prepared by CBI TWG indicating that TRY 3.000 should be provided to\nbeneficiaries for two months. In addition, 3 programmes provided a top-up value with an\naverage of TRY 2.500 to their MPCA beneficiaries. Average one-off MPCA transfer value is\ncalculated as TRY 5.995 which is close to CBI TWG guidance value of TRY 6.000.\n\n\nPartners are also asked how they identify transfer values for their programmes. Majority\n(38%) indicated that they conduct programme-specific calculations and 35% directly took CBI\nTWG guidance on transfer values to their programmes while 15% aligned their assistance with\nthe line ministry and 10% adopted respective sectoral guidance on the transfer values while\ndeciding on the transfer value for their programmes.\n\n\n2 [Joint Market Assessment Round 1 (May 2023) \u2013 Joint Market Assessment Round 2 (November 2023)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101820)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping findings dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9693686366081238, - "start": 323, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CBI TWG", - "confidence": 0.6934793591499329, - "start": 357, - "end": 359 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Market Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9209244847297668, - "start": 481, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CBI TWG", - "confidence": 0.9949094653129578, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EQ zone", - "confidence": 0.5933215022087097, - "start": 527, - "end": 529 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9497422575950623, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5315914750099182, - "start": 570, - "end": 571 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Market Assessment Round 1", - "confidence": 0.9593691825866699, - "start": 694, - "end": 699 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9670621156692505, - "start": 701, - "end": 702 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Partners", - "confidence": 0.7714101672172546, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nAdditionally, MPCA providing partners were asked if they are adjusting their transfer amounts\nwith respect to exchange rates and an overwhelming majority (73%) indicated that they do\nnot adjust the transfer amount. CBI TWG concluded that there should be more recalibrations\nfor fixed transfer amounts since these were able to cover less and less of the needs of\nbeneficiaries in 2023 due to high inflation, other economic stagnation trends and the\nearthquakes happened on February 6 [th] in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\n**Accountability:** 93% percent (72) of all CVA programmes mapped in the round of 2023 has\n**complaint mechanisms** in place. **Complaint channels** include rather common ones like _call_\n_lines, e-mail, complaint box, in-person counselling,_ etc. and also some less prevalent methods\nsuch as deploying _community focal points_ (14%, 10) who are trusted community members\nprovided with relevant trainings helping organisations get community feedback during the\nentirety of their CVA projects and postal mail (11%, 8).\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the latest round, partners were also asked\nwhether their projects incorporate **PSEA**\n**mechanisms/safeguards** . The response of\naround 87% (67) of the projects in this\nregard was positive. This marks a significant\nincrease when compared to previous years\nand indicates that this is positioned to be a\nsignificant area of priority for 2024 as PSEA\nrisks can be highly salient in cash support\ncontexts.\n\n\n\nOver 92% (71) of CVA programmes mapped conduct **post-distribution monitoring (PDM),**\nmarking a significant increase when compared to last round in which only 59% of the\nprogrammes had PDM. Most of the programmes that has PDM in place prefers to keep the\nresults strictly internal (67), hindering the potential benefits that may be reaped with greater\ninformation sharing and mutual learning. Partners were encouraged to conduct PDMs for\ntheir CVA projects and share their finding and lessons learnt as much as possible. For example,\nsome partners are developing their own analytical frameworks for evaluation reports based\non PDMs that can be publicly shared. As PDM reports can sometimes get too detailed to be\nmeaningfully shared with everyone, sharing at least reports on summary findings and\nanalytical frameworks expounding on lessons learnt conducive for effective and wellcoordinated PDM processes in this way is advocated for as a good practice. Partners are\nadvised to prepare their own learning materials based on information captured in their PDM\nprocesses and disseminate these in relevant coordination platforms. CBI TWG also provided\n[guidance on PDM that can be reached via this link.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95420)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEven though most programmes have a functioning **M&E system** (93%, 72), considering the\nimportance of this aspect, there is still several programmes (7%, 5) without such a system in\nplace. This issue needs to be further tackled within 2024 and in the coming years as well. Most\nutilized methodologies for M&E include survey (individual or family interviews/face to face)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n(57), phone survey (54), FGDs (29) and key informant interviews (23). The frequency of M&E\nindicates that partners prefer monthly (41), quarterly (16) and yearly (10) data collection.\n\n\n**Targeting:** With respect to **CVA programmes by vulnerability**, unsurprisingly vulnerabilities\nrelated with decreased/lack of financial capacity to meet basic needs is the top category in\nline with the current recessionary economic context, followed by vulnerabilities related with\ndependency, reflecting the change in partners approach towards adopting solutions of selfreliance more and protection vulnerabilities including comes as third most targeted\nvulnerability. This indicates a significant shift in the pattern of vulnerability targeting in the\ncontext of CVAs because protection related vulnerabilities were the most targeted in the\nprevious rounds and this trend has been changing for two consecutive rounds. The ongoing\neconomic challenges in T\u00fcrkiye may have been responsible for this by making basic needs and\nlivelihoods challenges even more visible. Analysis also shows that more than half of the CVAs\ntarget more than one category of activity, and this is also supported with number of\nunrestricted cash programs available in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nAlthough there is a limited amount of cash for health program in T\u00fcrkiye due to the\npresumption that health costs are mostly covered by public institutions, mapping analysis\nshow that there are 30 CVA programmes targeting health related expenses, 19 does so\nthrough multi-purpose cash assistance. In this context, understanding the expenditures of\nhousehold in sector and questioning whether existing multi-purpose unrestricted cash\nsupports are adequately meeting considering the health expenditures. If unaddressed health\ncosts are taking a bigger share in household expenditures than expected, beneficiaries might\nbe forced to choose between their health expenses and other basic needs.\n\n\nIn terms of **required documentations**, FID Card or passport, disability report, MERNIS\nregistration paper, business registration documents, house damage report and social security\ntranscript documents are required for registration to programme. It should be noted that\nmost of the programmes did not require any specific documentation to qualify as a\nbeneficiary.\n\n\nPartners adopted various **methods** **to** **prevent** **overlaps** such as conducting\nhousehold/individuals surveys and assessments (37), information sharing through working\ngroups (34), as well as bilateral meetings (32), geographical targeting (28) and cross-checking\nbeneficiary lists with other CVA programmes (21). Of those 21 programmes that chose a **cross-**\n**checking programme**, 10 programmes crosschecked their beneficiary list with SSN\nbeneficiaries while 7 programmes crosschecked their programmes through UNHCR crosscheck mechanism that was created for winterisation support conducted for 2023-2024 winter\nperiod.\n\n\n**Programme Details:** In this round of mapping, the dashboard also includes a programme\ndetails page, which was inserted in the dashboard in the previous round. This gives the\nopportunity to filter by province and seeing all relevant CVAs in a specific area in detail.\nPartners are encouraged to benefit from this function to better understand the current\nsupport provided and see the gaps, which may help with their implementation by avoiding\noverlaps and addressing gaps.\n\n\nMain programmes conducted in 2023 include SSN, Collective Kindness and winterisation\nsupport. In 2023, **Social Safety Net (SSN)** project conducted by TRC and IFRC until the\nbeginning of August and after the departure of IFRC from the programme in July, MoFSS took\nover the implementation of the project together with TRC. In 2023, SSN reached over 1.8\nmillion beneficiaries with a transfer value of TRY 500 per person and a top-up value of TRY 600\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "hone survey", - "confidence": 0.8725747466087341, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "urvey", - "confidence": 0.7452869415283203, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.5148871541023254, - "start": 2, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.6568969488143921, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "024*", - "confidence": 0.7459479570388794, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability report", - "confidence": 0.6211742758750916, - "start": 352, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5851706862449646, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "beneficiary lists", - "confidence": 0.5569296479225159, - "start": 460, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023-2024", - "confidence": 0.8334429264068604, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\nis provided to beneficiaries monthly. The calculation is made according to the Minimum\nExpenditure Basket by K\u0131z\u0131layKart analysers which is defined as the minimum amount of\nmoney that is needed to purchase selected number of items on a monthly basis through\nK\u0131z\u0131layKart.\n\n\n**Collective Kindness (B\u0130Z)** project conducted by TRC, WFP and IFRC tripartite and targeted EQaffected Turkish nationals in 12 provinces in Southeast region. It was an unconditional and\nunrestricted one-off cash assistance provided over 135.000 beneficiaries with a transfer value\nof TRY 3000 \u2013 9900 per household based on the household composure. The transfer value\ncalculation is made in accordance with MEB and payments were made through SMS modality.\n\n\nThis round also captured the **winterisation** **programmes** designed for 2023-2024 winter\nperiod. Within the scope of winterisation, in 2023, 8 organizations provided support to over\n207.000 beneficiaries with $107 million budget and 12 provinces were directly targeted, most\nof them located in the EQ-affected region and one project in Ankara. In 2024, approximately\n80.000 beneficiaries were reached with winterisation support.\n\n\n**Key Takeaways:**\n\n\n_Geographical Coverage_\n\n\n - The CVA Mapping captured 77 programmes by 28 organizations, including earthquake\n(EQ) response and other needs.\n\n - Programmes cover 34 provinces, mainly focusing on SET, Ankara, Marmara, and\nAegean regions.\n\n - Expansion observed in Van and A\u011fr\u0131 provinces and neighboring EQ-affected provinces\nlike Mardin, Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Sivas, and Kayseri.\n\n - Coverage remains limited in Central, Northern, and Eastern Anatolia.\n\n\n_Actors_\n\n\n - Major actors include TRC, UNFPA, and UNHCR with 14 nationwide projects.\n\n - Various sectors involved: Basic Needs, Protection, FSL, Shelter/NFI, Economic\nEmpowerment, Education, WASH, Health, and TSS.\n\n - Partners include SGDD-ASAM, DRC, TRC, and several international donors like ECHO,\nUSAID, and others.\n\n\n_Transfer Amounts_\n\n\n - Overall CVA budget for 2023: $2.04 billion.\n\n - EQ-related responses account for $1.62 billion.\n\n - Average transfer value for one-off MPCA assistance: TRY 5,995. Regular MPCA\ntransfer value: TRY 3,200 for two months.\n\n - Partners widely utilized CBI TWG MPCA Guidance Note while determining transfer\namounts.\n\n - Most partners do not adjust transfer amounts based on exchange rates, which poses\na challenge due to inflation and economic conditions.\n\n\n_Sectoral Cash_\n\n\n - Basic Needs sector: Largest, reaching over 5 million beneficiaries.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP | 2024**\n\n\n - Protection sector: Cash for protection provided to over 614,000 beneficiaries.\n\n - MPCA programmes: Widely used, covering Basic Needs and other sectors efficiently.\n\n - Most CVA programmes used unrestricted cash, particularly in Basic Needs.\n\n\n_Monitoring/Impact Assessment_\n\n\n - 93% of programmes have complaint mechanisms.\n\n - 87% incorporate PSEA mechanisms.\n\n - 93% conduct post-distribution monitoring (PDM) and this ratio marks a significant\nincrease when compared to last rounds. Partners mostly keep PDM reports internal.\n\n - Partners are encouraged to share PDM findings and lessons learnt for mutual learning.\n\n\n**Annex A. Background**\n\n\n**Purpose:** The objective of this mapping exercise was to better discern the current coverage\nof CVA programmes in T\u00fcrkiye for the period of 2021-22 and to identify gaps and areas for\nfurther harmonisation and improvement by providing the opportunity to conduct sectoral and\ngeographic analyses. Also, its aim is to serve as a reference tool on the basis of its being a\ncomprehensive glossary of CVA projects in T\u00fcrkiye and to further promote CVA mainstreaming\nin the country through this role.\n\n\n**Methodology:** Based on the evolving conditions and needs, the mapping survey is revised on\na yearly basis. Partners\u2019 focal points are provided with the relevant trainings on completing\nthe updated surveys who then enter their CVA project data on ActivityInfo platform based on\nwhich the mapping analyses are constructed. (EQ response additions can be mentioned)\n\n\nThe changes in 2021-22 round of mapping included: More comprehensive gender breakdown\nincluding categories for non-binary adults and children, categorisation of vulnerability and\nactivity data to help analysis, Enhanced AAP section, and brief project descriptions.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping survey", - "confidence": 0.9710636138916016, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7565290331840515, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.8068801164627075, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021-22", - "confidence": 0.8977325558662415, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CVA project data", - "confidence": 0.708727240562439, - "start": 259, - "end": 262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021-22", - "confidence": 0.8663650155067444, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability and\nactivity data", - "confidence": 0.9868221282958984, - "start": 305, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2671666-a6d0-4a77-bae8-c51a1ccc2159/Mapping%20of%20Cash%20and%20Voucher%20Assistances%20%28CVAs%29%20in%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20in%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_486/raw/doc_486_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_486/raw/doc_486_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1d84d091382303d6adc95c987ffaa212b1e48500..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_486/raw/doc_486_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,239 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe Government of Mauritania has maintained an open-door policy for asylum-seekers and refugees in\nthe reporting period, and refugees generally enjoy freedom of movement and protection within the\ncountry. Key elements and initiatives at the national level from July 2017 to June 2020 relate to:\n## \u2022 [Registration by UNHCR of Malian refugees living in the vicinity of Mbera camp and the urban areas of ]\n\nNouakchott and Nouadhibou. Prior to this development that took place in 2019 and 2020 respectively,\nregistration was allowed only inside the camp.\n## \u2022 [Draft asylum law proposed in 2016] [ by the Minister of the Interior and Decentralization (MIDEC) and ]\n\nthe Ministries of Justice, Defence and Foreign Affairs. If approved by the Parliament, this law would\nprovide a more comprehensive framework setting out the rights and obligations of refugees and\nasylum-seekers.\n## \u2022 [Commitments ] [on numerous occasions (since 2015, with a stated time frame for action in 2020) ] [to ]\n\n**enact the draft asylum law**, which would allow Mauritania to assume full responsibility for refugee\nprotection.\n## \u2022 [Decree No 0782/MIDEC (28 October 2018)][,][ which established the ] [legal framework for the issuance ]\n\n**of national identification cards** for refugees in Mbera camp that are envisaged to replace UNHCR\nidentity cards.\n\n\n[Mauritania became eligible in November 2017 for the IDA-18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW), through which](http://ida.worldbank.org/replenishments/ida-18replenishments/ida18-regional-sub-window-for-refugees-host-communities)\nit is accelerating humanitarian and development cooperation and increasing refugee inclusion in the areas\nof health care, social safety nets, water management and sanitation, local economies and urbanization\nprojects.\n\n\nMauritania was also active regarding refugee issues at international level from 2017 to 2020. The\nGovernment of Mauritania made a number of important pledges at the [Global Refugee Forum in December](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\n[2019, including to adopt national asylum legislation with a stated time frame for action in 2020, to register](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\nall refugees with the national agency for civil registration and issue them with documentation, to allow\nrefugees access to the labour market under the same conditions as nationals and to include refugees in\nthe national health system. These complemented Mauritania\u2019s pledges to the High-Level Segment on\nStatelessness in October 2019, where Mauritania pledged to provide birth certificates for all children born\nin Mauritania, including refugees, and to ratify the 1961 Convention on the Prevention of Statelessness\nwithin the following five years.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThere are no specific national fiscal or budget policies that provide additional financial transfers to areas\nmost affected by the presence of refugees in Mauritania (primarily the _moughataa_ of Bassikounou in the\nHodh Chargui region or _wilaya_ ). However, two funding channels for financial transfers from the national\nlevel to regional councils, for investment and operating expenditure respectively, are set out in [Decree No](http://msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-11/J.O.%201441F%20DU%2015.07.2019.pdf)\n[2019-089, which is applicable countrywide. Municipalities also receive support through a Regional](http://msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-11/J.O.%201441F%20DU%2015.07.2019.pdf)\nDevelopment Fund (F _onds R\u00e9gional de D\u00e9veloppement_ ), as set out in [Circular No 0001/MIDEC of 2016. In](http://www.dgct.mr/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Recueil-des-textes-2019.pdf)\nboth cases, allocations to regions and municipalities are determined by a formula based on population size\nand the poverty rate. This formula does not currently take into account data on refugee population numbers\nand poverty levels for allocation of resources.\n\n\nThere are no specific provisions for extending social safety net provisions to host community members\n[affected by an inflow of refugees. The 2012 National Social Protection Strategy (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Mauritania_National%20Strategy%20for%20social%20protection%20%28Strategie%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%20En%20Mauritanie%29_2012.pdf)\n[Protection Sociale, or SNPS) lays out the country\u2019s vision on social protection but does not specifically](https://social-assistance.africa.undp.org/sites/default/files/resources/Mauritania_National%20Strategy%20for%20social%20protection%20%28Strategie%20Nationale%20De%20Protection%20Sociale%20En%20Mauritanie%29_2012.pdf)\nrefer to social safety net programmes for refugee-hosting areas. An objective of the SNPS is the\ndevelopment of social assistance programmes targeting vulnerable groups and measures to address\nclimate and disaster risks, including cash transfer top-ups during the lean season. The [2016 National](https://www.economie.gov.mr/IMG/pdf/nasmo_cds_3.pdf)\nPoverty Reduction Strategy ( _[Strat\u00e9gie de Croissance Acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e et de Prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 Partag\u00e9e, or SCAPP](https://www.economie.gov.mr/IMG/pdf/nasmo_cds_3.pdf)_ ) for\n[2016\u20132030 reaffirmed the importance of social protection and social safety net programmes throughout](https://www.economie.gov.mr/IMG/pdf/nasmo_cds_3.pdf)\nthe country and introduced the explicit objective of establishing a shock-responsive mechanism to offset\nfood security emergencies.\n\n\nHowever, extension of the _Tekavoul_ programme \u2014 the main national social safety net comprising cash\ntransfers conditional on beneficiaries\u2019 participation in social promotion activities \u2014 is planned in the Hodh\nChargui region, where the majority of the refugee population in Mauritania lives.\n\n\nThe Word Bank validated additional financing for the _Tekavoul_ programme in March 2020, including\nthrough IDA 18 RSW funding, intended to scale up the rollout of _Tekavoul_ and its shock-responsive\ncomponent ( _Elmaouna_ ) to host communities in the Hodh Chargui region. .\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThere is generally a positive relationship in Mauritania between refugee and host communities and within\nthe refugee communities themselves.\n\n\nThe regional and local authorities have engaged actively with both refugee and host communities and\nwith UNHCR to ensure peaceful coexistence. However, there is no formal Government policy providing for\nlocal mechanisms to promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen engagement\namong refugees and host communities. Over seventy local peace committees have hence been created\nin Mbera camp and villages in the Hodh Chargui region by UNHCR, the Office of the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). A study\nby UNHCR (October 2019) found that these committees play a role in reducing tensions and managing\naccess to resources shared by refugees and host communities, despite limitations due to a lack of training\nand resources and therefore sustainability. In addition to formal dispute resolution mechanisms such as\ncourts and tribunals especially in urban areas, there are informal traditional dispute resolution mechanisms.\n\n\n[National policies formally protect refugees from some forms of discrimination. Prime Ministerial Decree](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\n[022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) stipulates equal access to health services, employment, social security and education for\n[refugees. The anti-discrimination law adopted in 2018 (No 2018-023) prohibits discrimination on the basis](http://msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-11/J.O.1419F%20DU%2015.08.2018.pdf)\nof ethnicity, race or language and presumably applies to refugees as well as citizens. However, it should\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nbe noted that United Nations human rights experts have expressed concern that the definition of\ndiscrimination contained in the law is unclear and not in line with international human rights instruments\n(see [OHCHR report, 2018).](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/Legislation/OL-MRT-5-2017.pdf)\n\n\nIn practice, as reported directly by persons of concern to UNHCR, discrimination can occur in some\nsituations, notably due to diverse sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nWhile there are no national environmental policies specific to refugee-hosting areas, existing national\npolicies also apply to refugee hosting areas and can be used to mitigate the environmental impact of\nhosting refugees. The National Strategy for Environment and Sustainable Development ( _[Strat\u00e9gie](https://rim-rural.org/2018/02/12/strategie-nationale-de-lenvironnement-et-du-developpement-durable-et-son-plan-daction-pour-la-periode-2017-2021/)_\n_[Nationale de l\u2019Environnement et du D\u00e9veloppement Durable, or SNDD](https://rim-rural.org/2018/02/12/strategie-nationale-de-lenvironnement-et-du-developpement-durable-et-son-plan-daction-pour-la-periode-2017-2021/)_ ) and the National Strategy for\nSustainable Access to Water and Sanitation ( _[Strat\u00e9gie Nationale pour un Acc\u00e8s Durable \u00e0 l\u2019Eau et \u00e0](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mha_strategie_nationale_pour_un_acces_durable_a_l_eau_et_a_l_assainissement_a_l_horizon_2030_2016.pdf)_\n_[l\u2019Assainissement, or SNADEA](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mha_strategie_nationale_pour_un_acces_durable_a_l_eau_et_a_l_assainissement_a_l_horizon_2030_2016.pdf)_ ) set objectives for halting deforestation by 2030, tree planting, preventing\ndesertification, ensuring universal access to potable water and reducing exposure to climate shocks.\n\n\nIn practice, investment in these priorities has so far been limited to interventions by UNHCR and other\nhumanitarian actors. However, the Government designed projects on sanitation and urbanization in the\nHodh Chargui and Hodh Gharbi regions for refugees and host communities, which were approved for\nfinancing by the World Bank in spring 2020.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThere is no national preparedness framework to respond to increased or new refugee inflows in ways\nthat minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. The Government,\nUNHCR and humanitarian partners annually update a contingency plan for refugee inflows to the\n_moughataa_ of Bassikounou, though this process has no national policy basis and is not integrated into\nnational institutional structures.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nMauritania acceded to the [1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1987, as well as to its](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) [1967](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html) and the [1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc Aspects of](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nRefugee Problems in Africa. These instruments are implemented in national law through [Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nin conjunction with the national policy framework. This decree defines the term \u201crefugee\u201d in accordance\n[with the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1969 OAU Convention](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951) and sets out modalities for access to\nasylum and some socioeconomic rights for refugees. It also sets out procedures for access to asylum and\nprovides that refugee status should be determined by UNHCR and endorsed by the Government.\n\n\nMauritania does not yet have a national asylum law. Several issues specific to refugees are regulated\nthrough decrees and other formal instruments.\n\n\nIn the absence of a fully-fledged national asylum system, refugee status determination has been in practice\ncarried out solely by UNHCR with no formal endorsement by the Government for several years. As\nprovided for by [Decree 022/2005, the National Consultative Commission on Refugees (CNCR) is](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nresponsible for giving advisory opinions on asylum applications, and refugee status may be recognised or\nwithdrawn by the Minister of Interior. UNHCR currently recognizes Malian refugees in Mbera camp and in\nurban areas on the basis of a prima facie approach and conducts individual refugee status determination\nprocedures for asylum-seekers from other nationalities. While UNHCR procedures are in practice\nrecognized and respected by the Government without formal endorsement, this arrangement has not\nbeen formalized in law or through any other arrangement.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nUNHCR has advocated for the adoption of an asylum law that would allow the Government to assume full\nresponsibility for refugee protection (while continuing to be supported by UNHCR).\n\n\nKey authorities at the central level are aware of applicable international laws and policies due to regular\ntraining conducted by the Ministry of the Interior (MIDEC) and UNHCR on refugee rights and obligations\nand the responsibilities of the authorities. However, UNHCR has observed that there are gaps in awareness\nat local level, including among border officials. For instance, in 2019 and as of June 2020, UNHCR became\naware of some 27 cases of expulsions of individuals with potential refugee profiles that took place before\nUNHCR was able to screen them to identify any international protection needs. Sectors that provide basic\nservices such as health and education have shown more flexibility to the inclusion of refugees than other\nsectors, such as the banking system.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\n[Decree 0782/2018](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a501d74.html) of the Ministry of the Interior provides for the issuance of identification cards with a\ntwo-year validity to refugees and states that these are considered to serve as residency permits. However,\nas of June 2020, these cards were only available to Malian refugees residing in Mbera camp and only a\nsmall number of those eligible have been issued with cards so far, due to the lengthy application process.\n\n\n[Decree 022/2005 states that a refugee can only be expelled from the country for reasons of national](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nsecurity or public order or if they have been imprisoned for a criminal offence, in which case they have the\nright to appeal before the CNCR. There was no refoulement of registered refugees on the grounds of\nsecurity or criminal convictions in 2019\u20132020 and there were no known cases of unlawful or lawful\ntermination of refugee status, or of refugees being expelled on grounds of national security or public\norder. The Government is not involved in cessation and termination processes, which are conducted by\nUNHCR in line with international standards.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[The National Consultative Refugee Commission (CNRC) was established by Decree 022/2005 under the](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nMinistry of the Interior (MIDEC) as an interministerial body for refugee management and coordination. A\nNational Commission for Humanitarian Assistance was established in 2012 to manage humanitarian\nassistance in cooperation with UNHCR, other partners and civil society organizations. However, this\ncommission has not been active in recent years. At the request of the Government of Mauritania, UNHCR\ncurrently coordinates the humanitarian response to the Malian refugee situation in close collaboration\nwith the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization and local authorities. As of 30 June 2020 there was no\nformal coordination mechanism for the development interventions benefiting refugees and host\ncommunities in place yet.\n\n\nInitiating a transitional process towards the creation of a national asylum system will require significant\ntechnical support and resources, including trained staff, to set up a national institution to conduct asylum\nprocedures. There has been no formalization of extant procedures \u2014i.e. UNHCR decisions on refugee\nstatus being recognized without formal endorsement by the authorities \u2014 in the interim, to ensure that\nrefugees are fully protected.\n\n\nNo formal consultation mechanisms to obtain refugee input and feedback on government decisions\nimpacting the life of refugees have been established by national institutions. However, UNHCR facilitates\ninformal government consultations with refugees.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nRefugees in Mauritania are registered with the National Agency for the Register of Populations and\nSecured Titles (ANRPTS) under a formal agreement with UNHCR. Each registered refugee receives a\nnational identification number (NNI). [Decree 0782/2018](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a501d74.html) of the Ministry of the Interior provides for the\nissuance of national identity cards bearing their NNI to refugees, which are required for such purposes as\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nopening a bank account or registering a business. However, until 2019, registration by national authorities\nwas limited to Malian refugees living in Mbera camp, while only 1,092 national refugee identity cards had\nbeen issued until the end of June 2020 and only to the refugees in the camp. All registered refugees are\nalso issued with UNHCR documentation, which is recognized by the Mauritanian authorities.\n\n\nRefugees in Mauritania are entitled to register vital events that occur in Mauritania once they are enrolled\nwith ANRPTS and have received an NNI. In practice, this happens primarily in urban areas. Birth registration\nafter the legal deadline requires judicial involvement in urban areas even if the birth occurred in Mauritania.\nJudicial involvement is not required in the camp since the deadline on birth declaration is not imposed.\n\n\nRefugees can also register events that occurred before coming to Mauritania, but this requires judicial\ninvolvement and in practice is only accessible to refugees in the capital, Nouakchott. Since 2018, ANRPTS\ndelivered 1,798 birth certificates to refugees, and UNHCR is in discussions with the Government to assist\nwith increasing ANRPTS capacity in line with the Government\u2019s 2019 Global Refugee Forum pledge to\nprovide birth certificates to all children born in Mauritania by 2024.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nWhile no data is available on the level of security of refugees relative to that of Mauritanian nationals, the\nsafety and security situation in the country is generally good and UNHCR has not observed any disparities\nin the level of security enjoyed by refugees and nationals. However, asylum-seekers and refugees are at\nrisk of being extorted for bribes and arbitrarily detained and can face discrimination when requesting to\naccess public services.\n\n\nRefugees have access to civil, administrative and criminal justice. However, in practice this is limited to\nthose in urban areas, since judicial institutions have a limited presence in remote areas such as Bassikounou.\nUNHCR\u2019s NGO partner for legal services supports refugees with legal counselling and representation in\ncourt to mitigate language barriers and lack of knowledge on rights and procedures also constitute\nobstacles to access to justice.\n\n\n[The penal code (1983)](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MRT,,491c1ffc2,0.html) and the law governing family (\u2018 _[Code du Statut Personne](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MRT,,3fc7652f2,0.html)_ l\u2019/CSP adopted in 2001)\ncontain protective measures for women and girls (such as the prohibition of rape [penal code] and early\nmarriage [CSP]), but [also](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW/C/MRT/CO/2-3&Lang=En) include provisions that condone gender-based violence and discriminate against\nwomen regarding marriage and inheritance. The prohibition of extramarital sexual relations ( _Zina_ in sharia)\nby the penal code dissuades women and girls surviving rape from filing a complaint, thereby strongly\nreducing access to justice.\n\n\nA national strategy on gender-based violence was developed by the Government of Mauritania in 2012\nwith support from UNFPA, United Nations Women and UNICEF. UNHCR provided input on concerns\nrelating specifically to refugees. Efforts to pass a law for the prevention of violence against women and\ngirls stalled in 2018, but the Government resumed consultations in 2019 on a [draft law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4fff44.html) that was approved\nby the Council of Ministers in May 2020. A range of Government actors, including the Ministry for Social\nAffairs, Childhood and Family, are also involved in efforts to reduce Female Genital Mutilation (FGM),\nalthough this continued to affect around two out of three girls and women in the host community according\nto a 2019 government report. It is likely that FGM also occurs, though to a more limited extent, among\nrefugees. Although national services to address gender-based violence are limited, refugees can access\n[them to a similar extent as nationals where they are present (CEDAW, 2014).](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW/C/MRT/CO/2-3&Lang=En)\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n[Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) allows refugees to move freely within Mauritania and choose their place of residence\nwithout restrictions. Refugees in Mbera camp are generally able to move to urban areas, and around 10\nper cent of registered urban refugees were formerly living in Mbera camp. However, foreigners \u2014 including\nnon-registered individuals with refugee profiles \u2014 who are irregularly in the country are at heightened risk\nof arrest due to lack of documentation regularizing their stay in Mauritania, especially if suspected of\nintending to move irregularly to other countries (such as Morocco, Algeria, Spain), and especially in\n[Nouadhibou (see 2019 UNHCR survey).](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/71198)\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[While Decree 022/2005 does not allow refugees to work in the public sector, it does allow refugees to](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nseek wage-earning employment and provides for recognized refugees to be accorded the same treatment\nas nationals with regard to the labour market in the private sector. However, these provisions have not\nbeen integrated into national labour laws and are contradicted by [Decree 2018-025, which places](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4ff524.html)\nrestrictions on the employment of foreigners and makes no exception for refugees. In order to implement\nits Global Refugee Forum pledge to give refugees the same access to the labour market as nationals, the\n[Government agreed to formally clarify that Decree 2018-025 does not apply to refugees and to ensure](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4ff524.html)\nprotection of rights at work in both formal and informal sectors for all refugees. As of June 2020, the\napproach to make this clarification was under discussion.\n\n\nWith regard to liberal professions, [Decree 022/2005 states that refugees should be treated on a par with](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nnationals of states that have the most favourable agreements for each profession. However, refugees\n[surveyed by UNHCR in 2019](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/71198) reported difficulties obtaining recognition of qualifications and experience\nacquired in their countries of origin, particularly for employment in the health and education sectors.\n\n\nNo data is available on the percentage of refugees employed in the formal sector. However, it should be\n[noted that the informal economy represents more than 70 per cent of economic activities in the country.](https://www.ilo.org/africa/countries-covered/mauritania/lang--fr/index.htm)\nEconomic well-being in Mauritania is generally unequal between men and women, men being substantially\nmore represented in the wealthiest part of the population (5 points difference in the top quintile \u2013 MICS\n\n[Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey] 2015). This likely denotes less access to decent well-paid work for\nwomen. This tendency is likely to be the same for refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\nNo data is available on the number of refugees possessing work permits. In fact, work permits are not\n[mentioned in Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) [as a pre-requisite for refugees to be employed, although Decree 2018-](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4ff524.html)\n[025](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4ff524.html) imposes work permits as a requirement for foreigners to be formally employed.\n\n\nConcerning effective access to decent employment opportunities, while refugees are in practice accessing\nthe informal labour market, they may face barriers due to their legal status when applying for work permits.\nIn practice, having a national identification number (NNI) issued by ANRPTS or a national identity card is\nuseful in this regard. Opportunities to access employment are also limited by the fact that the main\neconomic development programmes in the Hodh Chargui region have not included refugees.\n\n\nArticle 11 of [Decree 022/2005 allows refugees to open businesses and register them under the same](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nconditions as nationals.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[Current legislation in Mauritania (Order 83.127 of 1983) does not contain provisions relating to the purchase,](http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/mauritanie/Mauritanie-Ordonnance-1983-127-reorganisation-fonciere-et-domaniale.pdf)\nlease or use of land by refugees or foreign nationals in general. While UNHCR is aware of a few cases\nwhere refugees have purchased land, precise information on legal requirements for the purchase of land\nby foreigners is not available to UNHCR. Mauritanian law does not prevent foreigners, including refugees,\nfrom purchasing, leasing or using of housing or immovable property.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey", - "confidence": 0.958614706993103, - "start": 483, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6275132298469543, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MICS", - "confidence": 0.5754674077033997, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.9767365455627441, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8795333504676819, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8901417851448059, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5964689254760742, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nThere were no public housing programmes in Mauritania before 2020, when a pilot programme was\nlaunched involving 50 subsidized residences for nationals in Selibaby, the capital department of the\nGuidimakha Region.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThere are no legal barriers to refugees opening bank accounts and accessing financial services, including\nmobile banking. However, refugees and asylum-seekers have fewer formal employment opportunities\nand less access to financial services as their documentation is not recognized by all authorities. Their\naccess to bank accounts and loans requires a national identification number (NNI). As of end June 2020,\n52,322 refugees have been issued with an NNI. Access to banking and financial services by refugees is\nlow: 89 per cent of urban refugees did not have bank accounts in 2019, while only 1 per cent of loans taken\nout by refugees in Mbera camp in 2017 were from micro-finance institutions. The Central Bank is developing\na national financial inclusion strategy with the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) and has expressed its\nwillingness to include refugees.\n\n\nThere is no specific policy governing the recognition or issuance of driving licences for refugees. In\npractice, some refugees issued with an NNI have been able to obtain national driving licences.\n\n\nAs mentioned above, refugees have occasionally reported difficulties obtaining recognition of qualifications\nacquired in their countries of origin, particularly for employment in the health and education sectors.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nMauritania has adopted a policy that allows the integration of refugee children into the national public\n[system. Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) allows refugees to enrol in primary, secondary, and tertiary education under\nthe same conditions as nationals. Refugee children generally are allowed to access pre-school, primary\nand secondary public schools as well as literacy and technical and vocational courses where they exist.\n\n\nRefugee children within Mbera camp attend schools funded by UNICEF and UNHCR programmes under\nthe supervision of the Mauritanian Ministry of Education. They follow the national educational curriculum\nof Mali. Of the refugee children in the camp, 36 per cent were enrolled in primary education and 5 per cent\nin secondary education (2019\u20132020 school year), compared with national enrolment rates of 100 per cent\n[for primary and 39 per cent for secondary, according to UNESCO in 2019. The existing education system](http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/mr)\nin Mbera camp, established in the context of the 2012 emergency refugee influx, is francophone since it is\naligned with the Malian curriculum, with additional Arabic language courses that are meant to facilitate the\nintegration of refugee children and youth into the national socioeconomic environment. An accelerated\nlearning programme has also been designed to enable older children in the camp to catch up with normal\neducational levels, while informal programmes have been put in place to prepare out-of-school children\nfor national examinations. Over half of Malian refugee children residing in the vicinity of Mbera camp were\nnot enrolled in school.\n\n\nRefugees in urban areas also have access to education services, including both public and private schools.\nIn urban areas, more than 70 per cent of school-aged refugee children were enrolled either in public or\nprivate primary and secondary schools.\n\n\nConcerning effective access to the education system, language remains a barrier, as does disruption to\nschooling due to the flight from the country of origin.\n\n\nAt the national level, access to primary education is generally slightly better for girls in Mauritania (parity\nindex of 1.08 - [MICS 2015), while access to secondary education is slightly higher for boys (parity index of](https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3473/related-materials)\n[0.90 \u2013 MICS 2015). In Mbera camp, in 2019, gross enrolment rates were higher for boys at both primary](https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3473/related-materials)\nand secondary education (39 per cent/34 per cent for primary education and 7 per cent/3 per cent for\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n[secondary education). Men are also generally more literate than women at the national level (MICS, 2015),](https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3473/related-materials)\na tendency that is likely to be the same for refugees and asylum-seekers in Mauritania.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\n[Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) provides refugees with access to the public health system under the same conditions\nas Mauritanian nationals. While the [2012\u20132020 National Health Sector Development Plan (PNDS) does not](https://www.sante.gov.mr/?wpfb_dl=203)\nspecifically mention refugees, it includes a commitment to the principles of justice, equity, solidarity and\nrespect for human rights (Chapter 2 of Volume 2).\n\n\nIn Mbera camp, refugees are able to access a parallel health-care system free of charge that was funded\nby M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res until 2018 and by ECHO and UNHCR thereafter. Host communities have\nbeen able to benefit from some of these services as well. Given the limited capacities of the national\nhealth system in the Hodh Chargui region, substantial resources are needed to maintain the quality of\nhealth services for both refugees and the host community. Approval of the World Bank-funded Inaya\nproject in spring 2020, aimed at strengthening the regional health system, and the inclusion of Mbera\ncamp in that programme are important steps in this regard. Following the handover of these facilities to\nthe national system planned for August 2020, costs of health care for the most vulnerable refugees in the\ncamp will be covered by the Inaya project. In June 2020, it remained unclear how many refugees in Mbera\ncamp will be concerned.\n\n\nRefugees in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou have access to the public health-care system as well as private\nfacilities. Data on the number of refugees accessing the national system is not available. Refugees in\nNouakchott and Nouadhibou can also receive primary and secondary health care free of charge at 15\nfacilities under agreements with UNHCR and can be reimbursed by UNHCR for the cost of care at other\nfacilities.\n\n\nWomen and girls in Mbera camp have access to sexual and reproductive health services at humanitarian\nfacilities in the camp, including clinical care for survivors of gender-based violence. The level of access to\nservices in the camp is significantly higher than for the host community in the Hodh Chargui region, where\nmaternal mortality is high, and levels of assisted delivery and contraceptive use are low. Refugee women\nand girls in urban areas have access to sexual and reproductive health services, along with other health\nservices available at both public and private facilities, with financial support from UNHCR.\n\n\nRefugees cannot easily enroll in the national health insurance system (Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance\nMaladie). The Government pledged to establish a universal health insurance system in its [2019 Declaration](https://www.primature.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-02/programme_gouv2019fr.pdf)\n[of General Policy.](https://www.primature.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-02/programme_gouv2019fr.pdf)\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) broadly defines the modalities for access to some socioeconomic rights, including\naccess to social security. Although the Decree provides an entry point for the economic inclusion of\nrefugees, its provisions have not been integrated into national labour laws and are limited in practice.\n\n\nUnder one of the four World Bank IDA-18 RSW Projects that will serve refugee and host populations in the\nHodh Chargui region (Mbera refugee camp and the host population in the _moughataa_ of Bassikounou),\nthe [Social Safety Net System Project II, validated in 2020, will enrol around 14,000 refugee households in](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2020/03/10/mauritania-social-safety-net-system-project-ii)\nthe national social registry, support cash transfers to the most vulnerable ones and open eligibility to the\nnational shock-responsive mechanism as a top-up during food security emergencies.\n\n\nUNHCR has set up a joint project with Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)\nentitled: _[Building capacities for strengthened socio-economic inclusion of refugees, asylum-seekers and](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Factsheet_SUN%20Global%20Programme-ProNexus%20-%20final.pdf)_\n_[vulnerable members of host communities in Mauritania (ProNexus)](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Factsheet_SUN%20Global%20Programme-ProNexus%20-%20final.pdf)_ . The project will be implemented from\n2020 until 2023 to allow UNHCR to support the Government in coordinating humanitarian and development\nprogrammes targeting refugees and in ensuring a smooth transition to socioeconomic inclusion in\nMauritania.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "public health-care system", - "confidence": 0.6613713502883911, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9440721869468689, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Social Safety Net System Project II", - "confidence": 0.5693100094795227, - "start": 630, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.7870590686798096, - "start": 724, - "end": 725 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7782529592514038, - "start": 740, - "end": 741 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7553853988647461, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.946887731552124, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nAlthough national care and protection systems are very limited in capacity, unaccompanied and separated\nrefugee children, refugee victims of trafficking in persons, survivors of gender-based violence and other\nrefugee groups with specific needs have comparable access to nationals in the same situation. The [Penal](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MRT,,491c1ffc2,0.html)\n[Code (1983) and the law governing family (\u2018](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MRT,,491c1ffc2,0.html) _[Code du Statut Personne](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MRT,,3fc7652f2,0.html)_ l\u2019/CSP adopted in 2001) contain\nprotective measures for women and girls (such as the prohibition of rape [Penal Code] and early marriage\n\n[CSP]) but also several unequal provisions regarding marriage and inheritance. The law ( _[ordonnance,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=73641)_\n_[2005](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=73641)_ ) governing child protection and the [Law on Reproductive Health (2017)](http://ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=111092&p_country=MRT&p_count=226&p_classification=05&p_classcount=12) improved protection for\nwomen and girls and their rights, for example by prohibiting female genital mutilation and ensuring access\nto reproductive health services for all. In order to better respond to survivors of gender-based violence,\nfor example by strengthening access to medical services, a [draft law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a4fff44.html) on combating violence against\nwomen was also approved by the Council of Ministers in May 2020 but remains to be adopted by the\nMauritanian legislature.\n\n\nIn the [2019 Declaration of General Policy, the Government committed to developing a national strategy for](https://www.primature.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-02/programme_gouv2019fr.pdf)\nchild protection, including an operational action plan, to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Convention\non the Rights of the Child. However, the legal and policy framework for child protection remains weak. The\nGovernment is working with UNHCR and Save the Children to strengthen the national child protection\nsystem, and in 2019 established standard operating procedures for panels determining the best interests\nof children. To support the best interest determination process for refugee children, UNHCR, UNICEF and\nIOM have been invited to participate in the best interest determination panel led by the Ministry of Social\nAffairs.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nDespite improvements in recent years, the normative framework does not yet fully ensure gender equity\nand access to basic services regardless of gender, including for refugees and asylum-seekers. Mauritania\nranks 141 out of 153 countries in the [World Economic Forum\u2019s 2020 Global Gender Gap Report. Economic](https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality)\nparticipation and opportunities for women remain limited, with around 30 per cent of Mauritanian women\nparticipating in the labour force and a 43 per cent literacy rate. As mentioned above, the most consequential\npolicy sub-dimensions in terms of socioeconomic development are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Justice and Security**, the challenges faced to prevent and address gender-based violence;\n\n\nii. **Rights to Work and Rights at Work**, improving women\u2019s access to decent, well-paid work;\n\n\niii. **Education**, improving female enrolment in primary and secondary education, particularly in Mbera\n\ncamp; and\n\n\niv. **Protection for Vulnerable Groups**, improving access to services for survivors of gender-based violence.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe current implementation of policies in some policy sub-dimensions often does not enable the effective\nand full inclusion of refugees in national systems. While authorities have expressed a willingness to include\nrefugees in national systems, be they the labour market (GRF pledge) or the education system, some\npolicies and their implementation would require further amendments to operationalize these pledges. As\nmentioned above, the most consequential differences or restriction in terms of socioeconomic development\naffecting refugees with particular characteristics are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Education**, concerning adapted or accelerated learning programmes to address language barriers and\n\ndisruption to schooling due to the flight from the country of origin, which impede effective access of\nrefugee children to the education system.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 198] [4] [1]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 197] [9] [2] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 198] [9] [3]\n\n[cation date: 5 May 1987)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 (Ratif] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (the ILO Social Security Convention), 195] [2] [4] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2006] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 196] [6] [5] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 20 (inquiry into allegations of systematic torture); Article 30(1) (dispute resolution among States Parties).\n2 Not approving anything contrary to the Shari and the Constitution. Partial withdrawal of reservations for Articles 13(a) and 16.\n3 General reservation to any articles or provisions which may be contrary to the beliefs and values of Islam.\n4 Part I (general provisions); Part II (medical care); Part III (sickness benefits); Part IV (unemployment benefits); Part VIII\n(maternity benefits); Part XI (standards to be complied with by periodical payments); Part XII (equality of treatment of nonnational residents); Part XIII (common provisions); Part XIV (miscellaneous provisions); Part XV (final provisions).\n5 Reservations: Article 18 (right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion); Article 23(4) (marital equality).\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71b4fff8-9e48-322e-a470-da67386a6ecf/Mauritania%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_487/raw/doc_487_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_487/raw/doc_487_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 45485cf25d666e3b1b777d79d423b8a6c640b01a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_487/raw/doc_487_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,563 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2020)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThere has been little change since June 2020 in this domain and no specific national fiscal or budget policy\nis yet in place to provide additional financial transfers to areas most affected by the presence of refugees.\nThe two channels for financial transfers from the national level to regional councils, for investment and\n[operating expenditure, respectively, remain those set out in the Decree 089 of 2019](https://msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-11/J.O. 1441F DU 15.07.2019.pdf) of the Ministry of the\nInterior and Decentralization (MIDEC), which is applicable country-wide. Municipalities continue to receive\nsupport through the Regional Development Fund (Fonds R\u00e9gional de D\u00e9veloppement), as set out in [Circular](https://www.dgct.mr/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Recueil-des-textes-2019.pdf)\n[0001](https://www.dgct.mr/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Recueil-des-textes-2019.pdf) of the MIDEC in 2016. The same formula based on population size and the poverty rate continues to\napply to determine the allocations to regions and municipalities, without taking into account data on refugee\npopulation numbers and poverty levels.\n\n\nWhile the contribution of Mauritania through its national budget for refugee issues is limited, it remains\na critical support towards refugee inclusion. In 2023, this has included steady security costs to ensure the\nsafety of refugees in Mbera camp as well as government support to the health facilities in the camp (core\nhuman resources and yearly dotation) and the operating budget for the National Consultative Commission\nfor Refugees (Commission nationale consultative pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les Personnes \u00e0 Prot\u00e9ger, CNCRPP).\n\n\nAdditionally, in 2021, the Government of Mauritania created a commission in charge of coordinating\ndevelopment projects targeting refugees (Commission de coordination des projets de d\u00e9veloppement\nciblant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, [Decree 436/MIDEC of 2021) and, in 2022, an administrative unit in charge of coordinating](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=112998&p_lang=fr)\nand monitoring development programs in Hodh Chargui (Cellule de Coordination et de Suivi des Projets et\nProgrammes de D\u00e9veloppement du Hodh Chargui, [Decree 166/MAEPSP of 2022). Although the commission](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=112998&p_lang=fr)\nand the coordination unit\u2019s primary objective is to coordinate and measure the effectiveness of refugee and\nhost community programs implemented in refugee-hosting areas, not to foster additional public investment,\ntheir creation demonstrates the specific attention of the Mauritanian Government to these geographic areas.\n[The attention paid to the Hodh Chargui region was illustrated by a) the organization of a roundtable for](https://www.alliance-sahel.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Communiqu%C3%A9_TR_Ne%CC%81ma_27nov_.pdf)\nHodh Chargui in November 2021, b) the elaboration of a [regional development plan (Strat\u00e9gie R\u00e9gionale de](https://www.alliance-sahel.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/01.-R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9-de-la-SCRAPP-VF.pdf)\nCroissance Acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e et de Prosperit\u00e9 Partag\u00e9e 2021-2025, SCRAPP) and c) the conversion in 2023 of the\nBassikounou health center into a district hospital. The establishment of the hospital, which is an exception\nat the district level in Mauritania, is expected to mobilize additional resources from the Ministry of Health to\nthe benefit of the refugee and host communities.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nWhile the relations between refugee and host communities and within the refugee communities themselves\nremain positive overall, the Government\u2019s 2018 Policy Development Letter included policies aimed at\nidentifying, preventing and mitigating social tensions in refugee-hosting areas between host communities\nand refugees arising from unequal access to social services and competition for shared natural resources\nin a fragile environment. The letter set out planned interventions for 2019-2022 to address these risks,\nincluding strengthening local governance with support for local peace committees, increasing social\nprotection and investing in social services that benefit both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nThe regional and local authorities have continuously engaged with both refugee and host communities and\nwith UNHCR to ensure peaceful coexistence through regular exchange visits and support to community\n[joint initiatives (such as the fre brigade). However, the Government policy still does not provide for local](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/refugee-firefighters-honoured-their-bravery-protecting-mauritanias-environment)\nmechanisms to promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen engagement among\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nrefugees and host communities. Meanwhile 132 local peace committees have been created in Mbera camp\nand villages in the Hodh Charrua region by UNHCR, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for\nHuman Rights (OHCHR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). A UNHCR-Save the Children\n[study](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/87203) from January 2020 confirmed that these committees \u2013 despite limitations linked to their lack of\ntraining and resources \u2013 play an active role in reducing tensions and managing access to resources shared\nby refugees and host communities. While there are no formal dispute resolution mechanisms in urban areas\n(Nouakchott and Nouadhibou), informal intra-communal traditional mechanisms are active.\n\n\nIn practice, most refugees feel integrated into the Mauritanian society (in 2021, more than 90 per cent of\nrefugees of Mbera camp indicated they felt integrated, [UNHCR/GIZ, 2023). If interactions with the host](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100008)\ncommunities are frequent for 67 per cent of the refugees living within the host communities in Hodh\nChargui, they remain rarer in Mbera camp (in 2021, 70 per cent of households had no interactions with the\nhost communities).\n\n\nAt national level, the anti-discrimination legal and policy framework formally protects refugees. The [Decree](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\n[063/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318) of the Ministry of External Affairs, Cooperation and of Mauritanians Abroad stipulates equal access\nto health services, employment, social security and education for refugees. The 2018 anti-discrimination\nlaw (No 2018-023) prohibits discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, race or language, and continues to be\ninterpreted as applying also to refugees. Nonetheless, UN human rights experts have expressed concerns\nregarding the unclear definition of discrimination and the inconsistencies with international human rights\ninstruments, such as the failure to expressively include nationality and disabilities among prohibited grounds\n[for discrimination and to specify that penalties will be proportional to the severity of the violation (OHCHR](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/Legislation/OL-MRT-5-2017.pdf)\n[report).](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/Legislation/OL-MRT-5-2017.pdf)\n\n\nIn practice, discrimination still occurs in some situations affecting both refugees and host communities,\nnotably linked to sexual orientation, gender identity, expression, and sexual characteristics (SOGIESC),\ndisability or ethnicity. Isolated cases have been reported by foreigners, including refugees and asylum\nseekers, where they faced additional barriers to access services and the job market as a result of their\nmigratory or protection status.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nIn the absence of national environmental policies specific to refugee-hosting areas, the national policies\napply to these areas and are used to also mitigate additional environmental impact of hosting refugees. The\n[National Strategy for Environment and Sustainable Development (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de l\u2019Environnement](https://rim-rural.org/2018/02/12/strategie-nationale-de-lenvironnement-et-du-developpement-durable-et-son-plan-daction-pour-la-periode-2017-2021/)\n[et du D\u00e9veloppement Durable, SNDD) and the National Strategy for Sustainable Access to Water and](https://rim-rural.org/2018/02/12/strategie-nationale-de-lenvironnement-et-du-developpement-durable-et-son-plan-daction-pour-la-periode-2017-2021/)\n[Sanitation (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale pour un Acc\u00e8s Durable \u00e0 l\u2019Eau et \u00e0 l\u2019Assainissement, SNADEA) remain in](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mha_strategie_nationale_pour_un_acces_durable_a_l_eau_et_a_l_assainissement_a_l_horizon_2030_2016.pdf)\nforce aiming at halting deforestation by 2030, planting trees, preventing desertification, ensuring universal\naccess to potable water, and reducing exposure to climate shocks. Furthermore, Mbera refugee camp is\nlocated on the original path of the Great Green Wall (GGW) and close to the updated GGW path. The GGW\nalso passes through several districts of Hodh Chargui region where thousands of refugees live among\nhost communities. Intended to restore the degraded landscapes of the African continent and to transform\nmillions of lives in the Sahel, this initiative is piloted in Mauritania by the [National Agency of the GGW](https://www.angmv-mr.org/en/home/)\n(Ministry of Environment).\n\n\nIn practice, investment in these priorities continues to be limited to interventions by UNHCR and other\nhumanitarian actors. However, under the two Government-led projects on sanitation and [urbanization](https://moudoun.mr/)\nin Hodh Chargui for refugee and host communities, environmental investments for Mbera camp and\nsurrounding areas are currently under way to improve sanitation and waste management.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nWhile the MIDEC elaborated a National Contingency Plan in December 2021 with the support of IOM,\nthere is no national preparedness framework to respond to increased or new refugee inflows in ways that\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5871314406394958, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee-hosting areas", - "confidence": 0.5513811111450195, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nminimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. The Government, UNHCR\nand humanitarian partners have been annually updating the contingency plan for refugee inflows to\nthe moughataa (district) of Bassikounou, though this process is not linked to a national policy basis nor\nintegrated into national institutional structures.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nAs a signatory to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and the 1969\nOAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, Mauritania has not yet\npassed a national asylum law despite the pledge made to this effect at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum\n(GRF). These instruments are implemented at the national level through [Decree 022/2005, which was](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\namended and replaced by [Decree 063/2022, in conjunction with the national policy framework. The national](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\nConsultative Commission on Refugees (CNCR) was renamed as the Consultative Commission on Refugees\nand Persons to Protect (Commission Nationale Consultative sur les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les Personnes \u00e0 Prot\u00e9ger,\nCNCRPP). Under the new decree, the refugee definition remains unchanged, but a new category of \u201cpersons\nto protect\u201d was created for individuals who do not meet the criteria to be recognized as refugees under the\n1951 Convention, but who are at risk of torture or inhumane treatment in their country of origin. The revised\ndecree also includes new provisions for the issuance of convention travel documents for refugees and\ntravel documents for persons to protect.\n\n\nIn the absence of a fully-fledged national asylum system, refugee status determination (RSD) continues to\nbe carried out solely by UNHCR under its mandate. In Mbera camp, Malian refugees (from North and central\nMali) are being granted refugee status through a prima facie approach while in the urban areas (Nouakchott\nand Nouadhibou), Malians from the same region are processed under merged Registration/RSD procedures.\nFor Malians originating from other parts of the country and asylum-seekers from other countries of origin or\nhabitual residence, individual regular RSD procedures are conducted.\n\n\nIn February 2022, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between UNHCR and the Ministry\nof Interior and Decentralization, to formalize UNHCR\u2019s temporary role in RSD and confirm its decisions\nrecognising individual international protection needs pending the adoption of a national asylum system. The\nMoU further enhances protection from arrest, detention and refoulement, extends the issuance of national\nrefugee IDs to refugees in urban areas and gives access to the labour market, banking and connectivity to\nurban refugees who did not have access to documentation before the signature of the MoU.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to advocate for the development and implementation of a comprehensive asylum law\nthat would allow the Government to assume full responsibility for refugee protection.\n\n\nKey authorities at the central level are informed of applicable international laws and policies thanks to regular\ntraining conducted by the MIDEC and UNHCR on refugee rights and obligations and the responsibilities\nof the authorities. However, gaps in awareness at local level are still observed, including among border\nofficials.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\n[The Decree 0782/MIDEC of 2018](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a501d74.html) provided for the issuance (by the government) of refugee identification\ncards to Malian refugees in Mbera camp with a two-year (renewable) validity. These cards serve as residency\npermits. In addition to this Decree, the [Decree 1128/MIDEC of 2020](https://www.msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2021-04/J.O. 1482F DU 30.03.2021.pdf) extended the card issuance to all refugees\nin Mauritania. Nonetheless, the authorities indicated in early 2021 that the issuance of refugee cards for outof-camp refugees could not take place until there was a formal agreement recognizing UNHCR\u2019s role in\nconducting RSD and UNHCR\u2019s RSD decisions. This delayed the issuance of refugee identification cards in\nurban areas by the Government until the signature of the 2022 MoU between UNHCR and the Ministry of\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nInterior and Decentralization. Despite the signing of the MoU, the issuance of refugee cards has been further\ndelayed due to administrative barriers, legal requirements, and limited capacity of the National Agency of\nPopulations and Secured Titles (Agence Nationale du Registre des populations et des Titres S\u00e9curis\u00e9s,\nANRPTS). The 2022 MoU included clauses relating to the facilitation and acceleration of the issuance of\nidentification cards for refugees in urban areas and acceptance by the authorities UNHCR\u2019s decisions.\n\n[The Decree 063/2022 also details the criteria and procedures on refugee expulsion. In 2022 and 2023,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\nthere was no known or reported refoulement of registered refugees on the grounds of national security,\npublic order or criminal convictions, nor cases of unlawful or lawful termination of refugee status. However,\nas a result of increased national security and border control aiming at monitoring both irregular and regular\nmigration, an increasing number of refugees and asylum-seekers \u2013 including those registered with UNHCR\n\n - are reporting to UNHCR and its partners being arrested, searched, detained, denied immediate entry\nand being transported from urbans areas to the borders with Mali and Senegal at risk of being expelled/\nrefouled. Since the beginning of 2023, an increasing albeit very small number of 10 refugees and asylumseekers have reportedly been taken to the borders despite presenting their asylum-seeker certificates\nand/or refugee cards. UNHCR and its legal partner are working together to assess and prevent potential\nviolations of the non-refoulement principle. UNHCR conducts regular screening in detention centres for\nthose arrested within the context of mixed movements; being able to screen and identify those in need\nof international protection is critical to prevent arbitrary detention and refoulement. Refugees and asylumseekers also have access to legal aid, including legal representation, through UNHCR\u2019s partners within the\njustice system in both civil and criminal matters.\n\n\nCessation procedures continue to be implemented by UNHCR in line with its standards and procedures with\nno direct involvement from the Government.\n\n\nIn the first half of 2023, several interconnected security incidents and concerns \u2013 including the escape of\nfour jihadist prisoners from the central prison in Nouakchott on 5 March, legislative and municipal elections\nin May, and unrest and widespread protests in late May/early June after the death in custody of a young\nblack Mauritanian \u2013 have led the Mauritanian authorities to drastically increase the use of stop and search\nprocedures and more rigorous police and military checks. These measures also affect refugees and asylumseekers, both documented and undocumented, considering they are easily identified as foreigners from the\noutset and upon presentation of their documents. Within the last two months, UNHCR and its legal partner\nhave received an increased number of refugees and asylum-seekers after being detained or questioned\nby the police. Around 100 refugees and asylum-seekers who, not having renewed their asylum-seeker\ncertificates or refugee cards for an extended period of time, suddenly approached UNHCR to seek renewal,\nciting increased police checks and the fear of being arrested without valid documents. These are mostly\nindividuals who were residing in remote areas where they had been working and who did not in the past\nfeel threatened despite holding expired documents.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe newly renamed Consultative National Commission for Refugees and Persons to Protect (CCRPP) is the\ninter-ministerial body in charge of refugee management and coordination. UNHCR\u2019s senior management is\ninvited to take part in the CNCRPP\u2019s regular meetings during which policies related to refugees are discussed.\nThis body remains one of UNHCR\u2019s key entry points to the Mauritanian government/ administration on refugees\nand international protection-related issues. It is an equally important interlocutor to engage the Government\non its international commitments, and on issues such as documentation, mixed movements, joint registration\nof Malian refugee in Mbera camp and statelessness prevention activities, to name a few.\n\n\nThe 2012 National Commission for Humanitarian Assistance, established to manage humanitarian assistance\nin cooperation with UNHCR, other partners and civil society organizations, has remained inactive. At the\nrequest of the Government, UNHCR has continued to coordinate the humanitarian response to the Malian\nrefugee situation in close collaboration with the MIDEC and local authorities.\n\n\nThere has not been progress regarding the enactment of a national asylum law, which was one of the pledges\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nmade by Mauritania at the 2019 GRF. The same can be said towards the creation of a national asylum system\n[which still requires significant technical support and resources. In the interim, the Decree 063/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318) makes\nthe protection environment safer and ensures that those in need of international protection have access to\nasylum.\n\n\nThe 2021 Commission in charge of coordinating the development project targeting refugees and headed\nby the General Director of Territorial Administration, meets quarterly and coordinates inclusion of refugees\nin national services and development programs. The coordinator of each of the four Project Management\nUnits (PMUs) of the World Bank-funded projects using the IDA-18 Refugee Sub-Window are members of the\nCommission.\n\n\nRefugee inclusion in national services has also led to a stronger involvement of the sectoral ministries since\n2020. Those in charge of health, education, employment, environment, social affairs, social protection and water\nand sanitation are very active in this regard, including in Mbera camp. This stronger involvement translated into\n[the second action plan](https://www.economie.gov.mr/fr/node/289) [(2021-2025) of the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity (SCAPP)](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/fr/node/7253)\n[2016-2030, which features refugee inclusion as a prominent objective for Mauritania. The ongoing approval](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/fr/node/7253)\nby the authorities of the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), to which UNHCR is\nan important stakeholder, also reflects the support for refugee inclusion.\n\n[While refugees are not mentioned in the Ten-year National Strategy for the Development of Statistics 2021-](https://afristat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/17_SNDDS-2021-2030-plan-dactions-2021-2025.pdf)\n[2030 (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale D\u00e9cennale pour le D\u00e9veloppement de la Statistique, SNDDS), the National](https://afristat.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/17_SNDDS-2021-2030-plan-dactions-2021-2025.pdf)\nAgency for Statistics and Demographic and the Economic Analysis Office of Statistics of Mauritania (Agence\nNationale de la Statistique et de l\u2019Analyse D\u00e9mographique et Economique, ANSADE) agreed in 2022 to\ninclude refugees in upcoming national surveys. In practice, refugees have not been included in the [2019-2021](https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr373-dhs-final-reports.cfm)\n[Demographic and Health Survey](https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr373-dhs-final-reports.cfm) [for Mauritania, but have been included in the 2021 SMART nutrition survey,](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mauritania/assessment/evaluation-de-la-situation-nutritionnelle-des-enfants-en-mauritanie)\nundertaken by Mauritania\u2019s Ministry of Health with UNICEF and the support from the Directorate-General\nfor European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations of the European Commission (ECHO), the\nForeign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation\nand Development of Germany (BMZ).\n\n\nNo formal consultation mechanisms to obtain refugees\u2019 input and feedback on government decisions have\nbeen established to date by national institutions.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nProgress in terms of civil registration and documentation coverage has been observed. However, delays are\na major constraint as a result of administrative barriers, legal requirements, and limited capacity of ANRPTS,\nparticularly as a result of the Agency having dedicated its capacities to the foreigner\u2019s enrolment campaign\norganized at the end of 2022.\n\n\nUpon registration with UNHCR, refugees are enrolled with the ANRPTS under a formal agreement with\nUNHCR. Each registered refugee receives a national identification number (NNI) and a UNHCR-issued\nrefugee ID card. The NNI is required for opening bank accounts, accessing services and registering\na business or civil status events. The [Decree 1128/MIDEC of 2020 also provides for the issuance of national](https://www.msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2021-04/J.O. 1482F DU 30.03.2021.pdf%22 /o %22https:/www.msgg.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2021-04/j.o. 1482f du 30.03.2021.pdf%22 /t %22_blank)\nrefugee identity cards with an NNI by the government for all refugees in Mauritania. However, as of 30\nJune 2023, only 3,284 out of 58,570 refugees enrolled with ANRPTS had received Refugee Identification\nCards. Moreover, as of September 2023, issuance of cards by the government has still not started in urban\nareas where 10,729 are already registered with UNHCR. Even though NNIs are inserted in the refugee cards\nissued by UNHCR, refugees have reported that in some cases authorities and other entities are not familiar\nwith UNHCR-issued documents. Thus, it remains critical to address the backlog of ID cards both in Mbera\ncamp and in urban areas. ANRPTS has committed to start issuing cards for registered out-of-camp refugees\nbefore the end of 2023.\n\n\nAs indicated above, access to civil registration for events such as birth registration is available for refugees\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national surveys", - "confidence": 0.51299649477005, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7818042039871216, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.7870995402336121, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.744171142578125, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019-2021", - "confidence": 0.9056899547576904, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9765890836715698, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SMART nutrition survey", - "confidence": 0.7226206660270691, - "start": 385, - "end": 388 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6273773908615112, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.9503229260444641, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.784799337387085, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6754367351531982, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8015431761741638, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nonly after they have enrolled with ANRPTS and received an NNI. Since 2021, ANRPTS has only issued\n171 birth certificates to refugees in Nouakchott and no birth certificates in Mbera or Nouadhibou, which\nexacerbate refugees\u2019 vulnerability to becoming stateless and being denied access to basic services and\nrights. This low rate of issuance of birth certificates is mainly due to ANRPTS\u2019 lack of capacity and the difficulty\nfor refugees to fulfil the legal requirement of presenting the NNI of the two parents to obtain the certificate\nwhile a large number of families are single parents. To a lesser extent, the low rate is also due to the fact that\nsome refugees (about 20 per cent of them in Mbera camp) give birth outside health facilities where no birth\nnotifications are issued for civil status declaration. UNHCR is in discussion with the authorities to increase\nANRPTS\u2019 capacity to support the Government\u2019s 2019 pledge at the High-Level Segment on Statelessness\nto provide birth certificates to all children born in Mauritania by 2024. Sensitization is also ongoing to raise\nawareness on the importance of documentation among refugees. Due to ANRPTS\u2019s lack of capacity, many\nrefugees face challenges to access also other forms of civil documentation such as marriage, divorce and\ndeath certificates, especially in Mbera camp.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nThere is no comprehensive data available on refugees\u2019 level of security relative to that of Mauritanian\nnationals. However, despite being a country of transit and mixed and onward movements, and despite\nsocio-economic and security challenges, Mauritania has maintained a relative open-door policy to refugees\nfrom Mali and continues to provide a relatively favorable and safe protection environment. The safety and\nsecurity situation in the country remains generally good and UNHCR has not observed notable disparities\nin the level of security enjoyed by refugees and nationals. The feeling of insecurity is greater in Nouakchott\nand Nouadhibou than in Mbera camp (in 2022, only 6 per cent of refugees in Mbera camp felt insecure in\nthe camp at night while 39 per cent felt insecure in urban areas, according to UNHCR data).\n\n\nHowever, asylum-seekers and refugees remain at risk of being extorted, arbitrarily detained and\ndiscriminated against while trying to access basic services. The feeling of insecurity by people with diverse\nSexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC), women and\ngirls, and people with disabilities are greater, especially in urban settings where the first two categories face\nsporadic discrimination and abuse at times solely based on their gender and physical appearances.\n\n\nRefugees have access to civil, administrative and criminal justice. However, this mainly benefits urban\nrefugees, since the presence of judicial institutions remains limited in Bassikounou. While communication\nbarriers such as hearing, speaking and cognitive difficulties, mobility restrictions and lack of knowledge on\nrights and procedures also constitute obstacles to access to justice, El Insanya \u2013 UNHCR\u2019s national partner\n\n - provides legal counselling and representation in court, predominantly in relation to access to services,\ndocumentation, housing, civil and criminal proceedings.\n\n\nLittle progress has been observed to improve the legal framework for addressing Gender-Based Violence\n(GBV). Efforts to pass a law for the prevention of violence against women and girls has stalled since 2018\ndespite an existing national strategy from 2012 developed with the support of UN agencies and the\nresumption of consultations on a draft law by the Government in 2019. The penal code (1983) and the\nlaw governing family (Code du Statut Personnel/CSP adopted in 2001) contain protective measures for\nwomen and girls (such as the prohibition of child marriage), but also provisions that condone GBV and\ndiscriminate against women regarding marriage and inheritance. For example, article 56 of CSP states\nthat (1) the husband constitutes the head of household while a wife\u2019s role is to assist him in managing the\nfamily; (2) a divorced woman may see her children ordered to live with their father solely on the grounds\nthat she chooses to remarry. Article 6 of the CSP allows guardians to contract some girls into marriage if\ntheir guardian deems the marriage in their \u201cbest interest\u201d. The legal age of marriage is 18; moreover, though\narticle 9 requires a woman\u2019s consent in marriage, \u201cthe silence of a minor is considered her consent\u201d. The\nPenal Code prohibition of extramarital sexual relations (zina in sharia) continues to dissuade women and\ngirls surviving rape from filing a complaint. The mandatory reporting of rape for public health personnel\ncoupled with a restrictive interpretation and application of the law are additional deterrent for survivors to\nseek justice.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n[In practice, the new National Health Development Plan, elaborated in 2021 and covering the period from](https://www.sante.gov.mr/?wpfb_dl=234)\n2022 to 2030, contains a \u201cFight against GBV\u201d component, which was not the case in the previous plan\n(2017-2021). Moreover, government actors, including the Ministry for Social Affairs, Childhood and Family,\ncontinue to be involved in efforts to reduce Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). 12 per cent of girls under\n5 years of age are circumcised in Mbera camp, which is well below the national average (21 per cent)\n(2021 SMART survey). Although national services to address GBV remain limited, refugees access them to\na similar extent as nationals.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThere has been no change to the applicable legal and policy framework. Refugees have the right to move\nfreely throughout Mauritanian territory and choose their place of residence without restrictions as stipulated\n[in Decree 063/2022. Refugees from Mbera camp are generally able to move to urban areas, and around](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\n10 per cent of registered urban refugees were formerly living in Mbera camp. However, non-nationals\n\n - including non-registered individuals with refugee profiles \u2014 who are irregularly in the country remain\nat heightened risk of arrest due to lack of documentation, especially if suspected of intending to move\nirregularly to other countries (such as Morocco, Algeria, or Spain), including from Nouadhibou.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nRefugees continue to face restrictions to access work opportunities due to the ongoing conflict between\ntwo labour-related decrees that the authorities have not addressed. For the same reason, there has not\nbeen progress in the implementation of the 2019 GRF pledge towards refugee equal access to the labor\nmarket as nationals.\n\n\n[Decree 063/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318) allows refugees to seek wage-earning employment and provides for the same treatment\nas nationals regarding the private sector. These provisions have not yet been integrated into the national\n[labour laws and come in conflict with Decree 022/ Ministry of Public Service and Labour of 2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/113317/142014/F-1442157127/MRT-113317.pdf) which\nplaces restrictions on the employment of non-nationals and does not make an exception for refugees. In\npractice, however, some refugees have been able to access formal work contracts, but most employers are\nnot aware that refugees can be employed on par with nationals. The effective implementation of the 2019\nGRF pledge to give refugees the same access to the labour market as nationals requires the Government\n[to formally clarify that the Decree 022/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/113317/142014/F-1442157127/MRT-113317.pdf) is not applicable to refugees and create mechanisms for the\neffective protection of their rights at work in both formal and informal sectors. Despite ongoing discussions\nwith UNHCR, such clarification has not yet been formally provided by the authorities.\n\n\nThe [Decree 063/2022 further states that for liberal professions refugees should be treated on par with](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\nnationals of states that have the most favorable agreements for each profession. However, refugees\nstudying at university continue to report difficulties to be employed in the health and education sectors\nalso because they face challenges to have qualifications and experience previously acquired in countries\nof origin recognized. Finally, this Decree allows refugees to open businesses and register them under the\nsame conditions as nationals.\n\n\nNo current data is available on the percentage of refugees employed in the informal sector, which continues\nto represent [more than 70 per cent](https://www.ilo.org/africa/countries-covered/mauritania/lang--fr/index.htm) of economic activities in the country.\n\n\nEconomic well-being in Mauritania remains generally unequal between men and women, men being\nsubstantially more represented in the wealthiest part of the population (5 points difference in the top quintile\n\n[\u2013 MICS [Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey] 2015). This likely denotes less access to decent well-paid work for](https://www.ilo.org/surveyLib/index.php/catalog/5565)\nwomen which equally applies to female refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SMART survey", - "confidence": 0.8879704475402832, - "start": 113, - "end": 115 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6459857225418091, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mbera camp", - "confidence": 0.9712368845939636, - "start": 96, - "end": 98 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9968937635421753, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9439105987548828, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "girls under\n5 years of age", - "confidence": 0.863844633102417, - "start": 87, - "end": 93 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current data", - "confidence": 0.5425643920898438, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2013 MICS", - "confidence": 0.5486822724342346, - "start": 706, - "end": 708 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.9389824271202087, - "start": 676, - "end": 677 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9188597798347473, - "start": 714, - "end": 715 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8605515956878662, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nNo available data exists regarding access to the labor market for people with diverse SOGIESC and/or\npeople with disabilities. However, considering the difficulties faced by refugees and asylum-seekers in\ngeneral, and the fact that same-sex relations constitute a crime in Mauritania, members of these groups are\nlikely to experience further challenges in accessing the labor market. Anecdotal experience of members\nof the LGBTIQ+ communities approaching UNHCR establish that they are frequently dismissed from their\nalready precarious employment if and when their sexual orientation or gender identify becomes known\nto their employer. Furthermore, there are reported cases of refugees and asylum-seekers with diverse\nSOGIESC resorting to survival sex in the absence of any employment (formal or informal) prospects or upon\ndismissal from work.\n\n\nWhether formal or informal, access to work remains de facto limited for refugees. In 2021, the employment\nrate was only 14 per cent among refugees aged 18 to 59 in Mbera camp, well below the rate of host\n[communities (UNHCR/GIZ, 2023).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100008)\n\n\nIn December 2020, with the support of the World Bank-funded [urbanization project, the Ministry of](https://moudoun.mr/)\nEconomy and Promotion of Productive Sectors supported a local development plan for Mbera, which was\nthe first attempt of the authorities to plan for the economic development of Mbera camp and develop job\nopportunities.\n\n\nPending the implementation of the 2019 GRF pledge on refugee access to the labour market, access\nto national employment services has been facilitated through a partnership between UNHCR (GIZ) and\nthe national employment agency (Techghil) since 2022. This partnership has enabled Techghil to open\nan office in Bassikounou and has given refugees access to job placement and training opportunities in\nthe urban centers of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. By early 2023, over 3,700 refugees were registered in\nTechghil\u2019s database, and 353 had benefited from training and internship opportunities.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nThe application of the legal framework remains the same; refugees continue to face limited enjoyment of\nhousing, land and property rights and to live under precarious conditions.\n\n\n[Ordinance 83-127 of 1983 (portant r\u00e9organisation fonci\u00e8re et domaniale) stipulates that the land belongs](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mau18289.pdf)\nto the nation and any Mauritanian can, by complying with the law, become a \u2018partial\u2019 owner. However, the\nOrdinance does not specify the terms and conditions of purchase, transfer or exploitation by non-nationals\nin general and by refugees in particular. Anecdotal information which UNHCR has received from refugees\nand partners points to a few cases where refugees have purchased land or property. To date, no census\nhas been conducted on housing, land, and property rights for refugees in Mauritania. However, in 2022,\n[6% of refugees in host communities of Hodh Chargui reported living in a house they own (UNHCR data).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103763)\nIn Mbera camp, there is not yet a formal recognition mechanism of the plots of land allocated to refugees.\nThe Ministry in charge of urban planning envisages to establish, in 2024, a plan for Mbera camp (Sch\u00e9ma\nDirecteur d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement et d` Urbanisme), which may lead to a greater level of land security. While it is not\nexpected that the SDAU will include an allotment of the land or precise modalities to secure access to lands,\nsuch as long-term leases or property rights, it represents a preliminary necessary step.\n\n\nWeak land security in Mbera camp also prevents refugees from investing in more sustainable housing. In\n2021, 80% of refugees lived in poor traditional housing (M\u2019bar), 16% in precarious housing or huts, and none\n[in houses (UNHCR/GIZ, 2023). In 2022, in urban areas (Nouakchott and Nouadhibou), 63% of the refugees](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100008)\nreported living in houses, 23% in apartments and 14 per cent in precarious housing (tents, shops, etc.)\n(UNHCR data, 2022). In urban areas, information received from refugees indicates that they are moving more\nand more to outer parts of the main cities due to high rental costs while many face unscrupulous landlords\nwho refuse to return their deposits, do not carry out essential repairs, force them to live in squalid conditions\nin their own rented home, or abusively evict them with limited or no notice. In such cases, refugees can\naccess legal assistance through one of UNHCR\u2019s local partners.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees face no legal barrier to open bank accounts and access financial services, including mobile\nbanking. However, in pratice, refugees face obstacles to meet requirements to open bank accounts and\naccess loans, which include the possession of a residence certificate (such as electricity/water bills) and\nan NNI. In practice, this excludes 35 per cent de facto of the refugees registered with UNHCR.\n\n\nThe Central Bank of Mauritania is finalizing a national financial inclusion strategy with the support of the\nAlliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI). In order to provide useful guidance to the upcoming national strategy\nand enhance financial inclusion of refugees, AFI visited Mbera camp in January 2023.\n\n\nAccess to financial services has improved with the opening, on 20 June 2023, of offices of a Mauritanian\nbank and a micro-finance institution in Mbera camp, which complements the opening of an office of\nthe national agency for the promotion of savings and credit unions (Agence de promotion des caisses\npopulaires d\u2019\u00e9pargne et de cr\u00e9dit, PROCAPEC) in Bassikounou in 2022. However, rates of use of the\nbanking system remain low. In 2022, approximately 3% of refugees in urban areas and 6% in Mbera\ncamp (UNHCR data) had a bank account. In practice, in 2022, 2,388 refugees of Mbera camp were bank\naccount holders, of whom 1,357 had a digital bank account.\n\n\nAccess to digital bank accounts is hampered in Mbera camp by the lack of connectivity (less than 1% of\nthe refugee household had access to internet in 2021, [UNHCR data) and the limited possession of mobile](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/90629)\n[phones (only 33% of refugee households had a mobile phone in 2021, UNHCR data).](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/90629)\n\n\nThere is still no specific policy governing the recognition or issuance of driving licenses for refugees. In\npractice, some refugees issued with an NNI have been able to obtain national driving licenses. Lack of\nNNIs can also be an obstacle to accessing SIM cards for mobile phones.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\nProviders of basic services, such as within the health and education sectors, are more open to the inclusion\nof refugees than other sectors. The banking system is also gradually showing greater engagement with\nthe refugee population in both camp and urban settings.\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nSince June 2020, the education policy framework of refugees has remained the same but inclusion in the\nnational education system for the learners in Mbera camp is gradually progressing. Mauritania has adopted\na policy that allows the integration of refugee children into the national public system. [Decree 063/2022 as](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\n[well as abrogated Decree 022/2005](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html) allow refugees to enrol in primary, secondary, and tertiary education\nunder the same conditions as nationals. Refugee children generally are allowed to access pre-school,\nprimary and secondary public schools as well as literacy and technical and vocational courses where they\nexist.\n\n\nGross enrollment rates for refugees are still rather low, well below the national rates, and have not\nsubstantially improved during the last three years. In 2022, 38 per cent of refugee children were enrolled in\n[primary education (compared to 106 per cent gross enrollment rate in Mauritania), 8 per cent in secondary](https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.gov.mr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-08%2Flettre_de_politique_-_vf-3.docx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK)\n[education (40 per cent in Mauritania) and 1 per cent in tertiary education. Refugee enrollment in public TVET](https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.gov.mr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-08%2Flettre_de_politique_-_vf-3.docx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK)\ncentres is marginal but more than 1,000 refugee children have benefited from the ILO-led vocational training\ncentre of Mbera camp, among which two dozen have passed a national TVET exam.\n\n\n[While girls have slightly better access than boys to primary and secondary education (DHS, 2022), refugee](https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr373-dhs-final-reports.cfm)\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.9881923794746399, - "start": 246, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7361921668052673, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mbera camp", - "confidence": 0.9230945706367493, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7880237102508545, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9547116160392761, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7497216463088989, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.9932817220687866, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6118978261947632, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9955973029136658, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee household", - "confidence": 0.9222474694252014, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\ngirls have equal access to primary school (parity index between refugee girls and boys of 1.02 in Mbera\ncamp) but much fewer opportunities than boys to attend secondary school (parity index of 0,51 in Mbera\ncamp). Access to tertiary education remains marginal for young refugee women (parity index of 0.14). Men\n[are also generally more literate than women at the national level (DHS, 2022), an even more pronounced](https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr373-dhs-final-reports.cfm)\ntrend among refugees (literacy rate of 27% for refugee women compared to 46 per cent for refugee men in\n[Mbera camp, UNHCR/GIZ, 2023).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100008)\n\n\nRefugee children in Mbera camp continue to attend schools funded by UNICEF and UNHCR, under the\nsupervision of the Mauritanian Ministry of Education, and to follow the national educational curriculum of\nMali. While the lessons in class in Mbera camp are still given in French under the Malian curriculum, the\nMauritanian Government has committed to include all refugees into the national education system (20222032 Education and Training Sector Policy Letter). As a result, refugees have been included in the ongoing\nnational assessment of the education sector (RESEN) and gradual inclusion is planned in the upcoming 2030\nnational education sector development plan (PNDSE III). As such, UNHCR is working with the International\nInstitute for Educational Planning (IIEP-UNESCO) to assess the cost of the inclusion of refugees into the\nnational education system through the identification of priority programs to ensure quality, access and\nefficient management, benefitting both refugees and locals. Close coordination is also ensured with UNICEF\nto work on a hybrid curriculum to support this transition. While the timeline has yet to be determined, it\nis expected that the Mauritanian education system will gradually be responsible for education services in\nMbera camp in the coming years.\n\n\nRefugees in urban areas already have access to education services, including both public and private schools.\nIn Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, the Ministry of Education and UNHCR have continued the integration of\nurban refugee children into free-of-charge public schools. Nonetheless, the thousands of refugees living\nin host communities in Hodh Chargui have very limited access to public schools (6 per cent only in 2022,\n[UNHCR data).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103763)\n\n\nEffective access to the education system is hampered by language barriers, disruption to schooling due\nto the flight from the country of origin, lack of schools (in host communities of Hodh Chargui) and refugee\nhousehold economic constraints.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nThe legal framework ensuring access to the public health system for refugees remained unchanged. [Decree](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318)\n[063/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318) as well as abrogated Decree 022/2005 provide refugees with access to the public health system\nunder the same conditions as Mauritanian nationals. In practice, the handover of the facilities in Mbera to\nthe health authorities has taken place in August 2020 through an inclusive approach towards the most\n[vulnerable. While the 2022-2030 National Health Sector Development Plan (PNDS)](https://www.sante.gov.mr/?wpfb_dl=234) does not specifically\nmention refugees, in practice refugees can access public health facilities across the country.\n\n\nIn Mbera camp, since the handover of the facilities previously run by UNHCR to the Ministry of Health (MoH),\nrefugees can access four public facilities. These facilities are supported by the World Bank-Inaya project\nwhich aims at strengthening the regional health system and ensuring access to the vulnerable population,\nincluding the most vulnerable refugees (more than 38,900 refugees are categorized as extremely vulnerable\nby the Mauritanian Social Registry in 2021). Refugees in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou can also receive\nfree primary and secondary health care in 16 public facilities through UNHCR\u2019s reimbursement mechanism.\nVulnerable refugees in host communities of Hodh Chargui can access health facilities but cannot benefit\nfrom subsidized health care as they have not yet been surveyed and registered by the Social Registry.\n\n\nIn 2023, the Government maintained its commitment to establish a universal health insurance system in\n[its 2023 Declaration of General Policy. Refugees can access the national health insurance system (Caisse](https://www.primature.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2023-07/FR Final .pdf)\nNationale de Sant\u00e9 Solidarit\u00e9 \u2013 CNASS), currently tested in two districts of Nouakchott. Joint CNASSUNHCR awareness-raising sessions for refugees living in Nouakchott were organized in spring 2023 to\nfoster their enrolment. However, following a recent Decree of the MoH and Ministry of Finance regarding\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mauritanian Social Registry", - "confidence": 0.9669189453125, - "start": 670, - "end": 673 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Hodh Chargui", - "confidence": 0.5927744507789612, - "start": 708, - "end": 710 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.717568039894104, - "start": 736, - "end": 737 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9935588240623474, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8445202112197876, - "start": 619, - "end": 620 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\ncontribution rates for the CNASS, their access on par with nationals remains to be confirmed.\n\n\nTo achieve full refugee inclusion in the Mauritanian health system, a roadmap drafted by the MoH, UNHCR\nand other humanitarian and development agencies is under final review as of June 2023. Given the limited\ncapacities of the national health system in the Hodh Chargui region, this roadmap calls for increased\ninvestments and coordination to ensure inclusion for the benefit of refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[While the 2012 National Social Protection Strategy (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de Protection Sociale, SNPS) does](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mau159251.pdf)\nnot mention refugees nor specifically refers to social safety net programs for refugee-hosting areas, the\nGovernment is in the process of elaborating a new 2024-2034 strategy that takes into account refugee\ninclusion.\n\n\nThe modalities for access to some socioeconomic rights, including access to social security, remain defined\n[in Decree 063/2022](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=113318) [and abrogated Decree 022/2005. Although the Decrees provides an entry point for](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,MRT,,492530d02,0.html)\nthe economic inclusion of refugees, access to formal work and therefore core social security rights (health\nand workplace accident insurance, right to retirement) remains very rare.\n\n\nSince 2021, the World Bank-funded [Social Safety Net System Project II has enabled more than 7,000 refugee](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2020/03/10/mauritania-social-safety-net-system-project-ii)\nhouseholds to benefit from public social assistance schemes (regular and shock-responsive cash transfers\nTekavoul and ElMaouna) in Mbera camp and, to a lesser extent, in Nouadhibou. In December 2021 and\nspring 2023, refugees living in Nouakchott were also surveyed by the national Social Registry. Once the\nongoing socio-economic targeting of some 5000 households is achieved, it is expected that the most\nvulnerable refugees will also benefit from regular cash transfers.\n\n\nWhile the Government of Mauritania has gradually included the Tekavoul program in the national budget,\nfiscal appropriation to support cash transfers to refugees remains under consideration. The steady influx of\nrefugees since 2021 requires regular socio-economic targeting by the Social Registry, in order to ensure that\nthe most vulnerable newly arrived refugees are systematically included in Tekavoul and ElMaouna.\n\n\n[The UNHCR-GIZ project (Building capacities for strengthened socio-economic inclusion of refugees,](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Factsheet_SUN Global Programme-ProNexus - final.pdf)\n[asylum-seekers and vulnerable members of host communities in Mauritania \u2013 \u2018ProNexus\u2019) and access to the](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Factsheet_SUN Global Programme-ProNexus - final.pdf)\nservices of the national employment agency (Techghil) have also contributed to improve the level of social\nprotection for refugees in Mbera camp and surroundings, Nouakchott and Nouadhibou.\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nAs per the [2019 Declaration of General Policy and in order to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Convention](https://www.primature.gov.mr/sites/default/files/2020-02/programme_gouv2019fr.pdf)\non the Rights of the Child, the national strategy for child protection 2020-2025 and an operational action\nplan were finalized under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs, Childhood and Family Social Affairs\n(MASEF). The strategy and its action plan reaffirm the Government\u2019s determination to protect and meet the\nneeds of children living within its territory. They were adopted taking into consideration the recommendations\nfor children on the move from a study commissioned by Save the Children in 2018 (Enfants en Mobilit\u00e9) in\nsupport of the development of the National Strategy for Child Protection (2020-2025). This strategy will\nfocus on strengthening the child protection system at national, regional, departmental, and local levels.\n\nAlthough the capacity of the national care and protection systems remains very limited, unaccompanied\nand separated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking, survivors of Gender Based Violence (GBV)\nas well as other refugees with disabilities or diverse exual Orientation, Gender Identity, Expression, and\nSex Characteristics (SOGIESC), who are exposed to violence and exploitation, have access comparable to\nnationals in the same situation.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national Social Registry", - "confidence": 0.8047792911529541, - "start": 308, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.538269579410553, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recommendations\nfor children on the move", - "confidence": 0.5687744617462158, - "start": 597, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Save the Children", - "confidence": 0.6631143093109131, - "start": 608, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5508633852005005, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9942700862884521, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7854434251785278, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Save the Children", - "confidence": 0.7197678685188293, - "start": 608, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9663118124008179, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied\nand separated refugee children", - "confidence": 0.5787546038627625, - "start": 669, - "end": 674 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nThere has been no change in the legal framework protecting women and girls since the adoption of main\n[pieces of legislation. The law (ordinance 2005) governing child protection and the](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=73641) [law on reproductive health](https://ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=111092&p_country=MRT&p_count=226&p_classification=05&p_classcount=12)\n(2017) improved protection for women and girls and their rights, for example by prohibiting female genital\nmutilation (FGM) and ensuring access to reproductive health services for all. The draft law on combating\nviolence against women approved by the Council of Ministers in May 2020 remains to be adopted by the\nMauritanian legislature.\n\n\nTo support the Best Interest Determination (BID) process for refugee children, UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nparticipate in the BID panel led by the MASEF.\n\n\nMauritania has ratified the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its\nOptional Protocol in 2012. Article 1 of the Constitution guarantees all citizens equality before the law, without\ndiscrimination. There is a department of Disability inclusion and federation of Organizations of Disabled\nPersons within the MASEF. The [2012 National Strategy on Social Protection includes persons with disabilities](https://masef.gov.mr/fr/node/101#:~:text=Cette%20strat%C3%A9gie%20offre%20une%20vision%20et%20des%20perspectives,des%20programmes%20d%E2%80%99actions%20organis%C3%A9s%20autour%20des%20axes%20prioritaires.)\nin social protection schemes, but with limited funds. UNHCR works with the Disability Department of the\nMASEF and advocates for refugees and asylum-seekers\u2019 access to national services. Since 2021, vulnerable\nrefugee households in the camp and in urban areas have been included in the national Social Registry and\nthose living in Mbera and Nouadhibou are supported through cash transfers. This will soon also be the case\nfor refugees in Nouakchott. Meanwhile, in 2021, 63 refugees with vulnerabilities living in Nouakchott were\nassisted with cash transfers by the MASEF thanks to a UNICEF project supported by BMZ.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThe 2021 and 2022 Global Gender Gap Reports from the World Economic Forum did not cover Mauritania\nto benchmark its progress towards gender parity. The country ranked 141 out of 153 countries in 2020 (WEF,\n2020 [Global Gender Gap Report). Economic participation and opportunities for women remain limited,](https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf)\nwith only around 30 per cent of Mauritanian women involved in the labour force and 43 per cent literacy\nrate. Different reports also show the needs with regard to gender equality. UNWOMEN reported in 2021\n[that only 20.3 per cent of seats in parliament were held by women. The 2021 World Bank report (Gender](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/06/01/gender-equality-a-necessary-condition-for-promoting-inclusive-growth-in-mauritania#:~:text=NOUAKCHOTT%2C%20June%201%2C%202021%20%E2%80%94Despite%20a%20slowdown%20in,women%20by%20promoting%20gender%20equality%20and%20human%20capital.)\n[Equality: A Necessary Condition for Promoting Inclusive Growth in Mauritania - WB Report) in its chapter](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/06/01/gender-equality-a-necessary-condition-for-promoting-inclusive-growth-in-mauritania#:~:text=NOUAKCHOTT%2C%20June%201%2C%202021%20%E2%80%94Despite%20a%20slowdown%20in,women%20by%20promoting%20gender%20equality%20and%20human%20capital.)\non gender inequality examined the main barriers to women\u2019s participation in the Mauritanian economy. It\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nnoted that notwithstanding the progress made in the enrolment of girls in school, the latter obtained lower\nscores and had a lower level of educational attainment than boys. This was due, among other reasons,\nto early marriage and pregnancy. As a result, women have less access to good jobs and financing than\nmen, in addition to restricted land rights. The current national law includes gender discriminatory provisions\nwhereby Mauritanian women are still not able to transmit their nationality to their children and their foreign\nspouse on an equal basis with Mauritanian men. The most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of\nsocioeconomic development remain therefore as follows:\n\n\n**a.** **Education:** female enrolment in primary and secondary education, particularly in Mbera camp remain\n\nlower that for males.\n**b.** **Justice and Security:** obstacles to prevent and address GBV persist.\n**c.** **Protection for Vulnerable Groups:** survivors of GBV as well as persons with disabilities have insufficient\n\naccess to services.\n**d.** **Rights to Work and Rights at Work:** women continue to face challenges to access decent, and well\npaid work.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nWhile the authorities have expressed a willingness to include refugees in national systems, current policy\nimplementation has led to differing levels of refugee inclusion across sectors. National policies and\ninitiatives in terms of access to the labour market and to the education system (PNDSE III) require additional\nadjustments and efforts in order to guarantee the effective inclusion of refugees. As mentioned above, the\nmost consequential differences or restriction in terms of socioeconomic development affecting refugees\nare as follows:\n\n\n**a.** **Access to civil registration and documentation:** the current limitations impede refugees\u2019 access to\n\nseveral national services, work and financial inclusion.\n**b.** **Education:** significant progress needs to be made to achieve refugee inclusion in the education system\n\n(particularly in Mbera camp), including by ensuring the availability of adapted or accelerated learning\nprogrammes to address language barriers and disruption of schooling.\n**c.** **Housing, land, and property rights:** securing land for refugees in Mbera camp and an integrated\n\nterritorial planning would foster refugee inclusion and support the local development of the district of\nBassikounou.\n**d.** **Social protection:** despite strong progress, fiscal appropriation by the Mauritanian State regarding\n\nrefugee inclusion in national safety nets and access of refugees to livelihoods opportunities need to be\nstrengthened while access to the new health insurance (CNASS) on par with nationals remains to be\nconfirmed and implemented.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **I S L A M I C R E P U B L I C O F M A U R I TA N I A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c935952b-914b-4035-bc7c-1a61967c385b/Mauritania%20RPRF%2011032024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_488/raw/doc_488_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_488/raw/doc_488_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4672afb4db32688ccbd9db3e2658a73304b3dffc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_488/raw/doc_488_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "- Ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes (en adelante NNA) refugiados y migrantes tienen los mismos\nderechos a ser protegidos en los pa\u00edses de acogida, independientemente de su condici\u00f3n\nmigratoria o nacionalidad.\n\n\n- Es importante fortalecer los entornos protectores de NNA refugiados y migrantes, as\u00ed como\nsus proyectos de vida e integraci\u00f3n en las comunidades de acogida, para protegerles frente\na los riesgos de vinculaci\u00f3n a actividades ilegales o grupos armados delictivos.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Los Estados deben garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de todos los NNA refugiados y migrantes de\nVenezuela, en particular los no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados.\n\n\n- La doble afectaci\u00f3n sobre NNA que viajan sin compa\u00f1\u00eda adulta responsable ha tomado una\ndimensi\u00f3n regional. Comprender su magnitud y m\u00faltiples formas de manifestaci\u00f3n requiere\nun trabajo de an\u00e1lisis para la prevenci\u00f3n de los riesgos asociados y tomar medidas concretas\npara protecci\u00f3n a la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia refugiada y migrante venezolana.\n\n\n- NNA que viajan solos enfrentan graves riesgos de protecci\u00f3n derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n,\nque repercuten en su vida, integridad, salud f\u00edsica y mental y desarrollo presente y futuro.\n\n\n- NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados no conocen sus derechos y contin\u00faan ingresando por\npuntos irregulares lo cual exacerba sus riesgos frente a la doble afectaci\u00f3n.\n\n**Los Estados deben:**\n\n\n- Comprender la magnitud y las manifestaciones de los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n\npara fortalecer la protecci\u00f3n de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados.\n\n\n- Actuar de manera contundente para prevenir y evitar que m\u00e1s NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o\nseparados sean perjudicados en el marco de la doble afectaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Impulsar la divulgaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n sobre los riesgos para la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia no\nacompa\u00f1ada y/o separada derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n y generar acciones para su\nprotecci\u00f3n inmediata.\n\n\n- Hacer frente a los riesgos espec\u00edficos de NNA que viajan solos: protegerlos, evitar su doble\nafectaci\u00f3n, reestablecer sus derechos y garantizar la no repetici\u00f3n ante situaciones de abuso,\nagresi\u00f3n, amenaza; as\u00ed como frente a la posibilidad de ser sometidos a peores formas de\ntrabajo infantil; ser v\u00edctimas, testigos o perpetradores de actos de violencia; ser utilizados y/o\nreclutados, incluso ser muertos o desaparecidos.\n\n\n- Incrementar sus esfuerzos para lograr identificar a NNA que viajan solos y atender sus\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n y/o protecci\u00f3n internacional; ya sea al ingreso a los pa\u00edses, durante\nel tr\u00e1nsito o en los territorios de acogida.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Asegurar que se cuenta con sistemas de informaci\u00f3n a nivel nacional y regional que permitan\nmonitorear la situaci\u00f3n de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados que se encuentren en tr\u00e1nsito\n\n - en los territorios de los diferentes pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n, para brindarles protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Garantizar a NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados el acceso a la justicia y el restablecimiento\nde los derechos vulnerados por la doble afectaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Fortalecer los sistemas de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia e incorporar en ellos la\nprevenci\u00f3n y la atenci\u00f3n frente a los riesgos de la doble afectaci\u00f3n y las especificidades de\nsu impacto en los NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados.\n\n\n- Garantizar que todo NNA que viaja solo puedan cuente con documentos de identidad, se d\u00e9\nceleridad a la regularizaci\u00f3n de su estad\u00eda en el pa\u00eds y se le brinde la protecci\u00f3n que requiere.\n\n\n- Desarrollar las acciones pertinentes para garantizar la reunificaci\u00f3n familiar y consolidaci\u00f3n\nde las familias como entornos protectores.\n\n\n- Conocer los perfiles espec\u00edficos de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados para poder actuar\nsobre sus circunstancias y brindarles protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La doble afectaci\u00f3n, tiene manifestaciones e impactos distintos en la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia,\nde conformidad con su edad, diversidad, g\u00e9nero y pertenencia \u00e9tnica, entre otras\ncaracter\u00edsticas poblacionales.\n\n\n**A los organismos humanitarios y de protecci\u00f3n se recomienda:**\n\n\n- Comprender las manifestaciones e impactos diferenciales de la doble afectaci\u00f3n, seg\u00fan los\nperfiles espec\u00edficos de NNA que viajan solos.\n\n\n- Implementar estrategias para que NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados conozcan sus derechos,\nlas formas de exigirlos y hacerlos valer.\n\n\n- Fortalecer en NNA que viajan solos la comprensi\u00f3n en torno a los riesgos derivados de la doble\nafectaci\u00f3n como la trata, el tr\u00e1fico de personas, la utilizaci\u00f3n y el reclutamiento forzado; para\nevitar que sean v\u00edctimas o en caso de serlo, puedan reconocerse, pedir ayuda y sepan c\u00f3mo\ny d\u00f3nde hacerlo.\n\n\n- Mejorar las capacidades de las comunidades de tr\u00e1nsito y acogida para generar entornos\nprotectores frente a los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Reforzar las buenas pr\u00e1cticas en protecci\u00f3n y asistencia de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y separados.\n\n\n- Promover estrategias de integraci\u00f3n de NNA refugiados y migrantes con las familias, escuelas\ny organizaciones de las comunidades de acogida para la prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n frente riesgos\nde utilizaci\u00f3n y/o reclutamiento.\n\n\n- Fortalecer el cuidado, la salud mental y otras afectaciones del personal por las complejidades\nque implica el trabajo con este tipo espec\u00edfico de riesgos.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Apoyar al Estado en su actuaci\u00f3n frente a los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n y\nexigir una respuesta acorde a los est\u00e1ndares internacionales de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**A la comunidad internacional se recomienda:**\n\n\n- Monitorear los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n para la ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia no\nacompa\u00f1ada y/o separada en los flujos migratorios mixtos a nivel regional.\n\n\n- Documentar y registrar los impactos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n, en los derechos de NNA\nno acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados; a fin de exigir de los Estados una repuesta para su protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Apoyar t\u00e9cnicamente a las instituciones del Estado en lograr una respuesta efectiva en\nprevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n frente a los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n para NNA no\nacompa\u00f1ados y/o separados.\n\n\n- Reforzar el papel de control de las Defensor\u00edas del Pueblo y otras instancias de protecci\u00f3n\nde derechos para lograr un abordaje desde la perspectiva de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n frente\na los riesgos derivados de la doble afectaci\u00f3n, para NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NNA venezolanos que viajan solos, son un grupo que necesita protecci\u00f3n. Las comunidades\npueden apoyarles, fortaleciendo sus formas organizativas propias para identificarlos,\nacogerles y brindarles protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**Se les recuerda que:**\n\n\n- NNA no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados enfrentan diversas dificultades en sus viajes y las\ncomunidades pueden convertirse en espacios acogedores y solidarios que faciliten sus\nprocesos de recuperaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- NNA refugiados y migrantes que viajan solos han sido expuestos a situaciones que afectan\nsus derechos, es importante escucharlos y desarrollar estrategias adecuadas para orientarles\ny brindarles protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- Deben evitar cualquier acto de xenofobia y discriminaci\u00f3n contra NNA refugiados y migrantes.\n\n\n- Las comunidades deben conocer cu\u00e1les son los sistemas de protecci\u00f3n local y donde encontrar\napoyo para fortalecerse como entornos de protecci\u00f3n de los derechos de NNA refugiados y\nmigrantes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Evita viajar solo/la. Inf\u00f3rmate adecuadamente antes del viaje y no temas pedir apoyo a\nlas autoridades de protecci\u00f3n para ayudarte\n\n\n- Evita viajar solo/a. Si es imposible no hacerlo, planea la ruta de tu viaje, a lo largo del camino\nencontrar\u00e1s diferentes espacios que pueden brindarte protecci\u00f3n para que puedas ducharte,\ncomer y dormir seguro. En estos lugares pueden brindarte toda la orientaci\u00f3n que necesiten\ny tambi\u00e9n contactar a los servicios de asistencia y protecci\u00f3n que est\u00e1n disponibles para\nayudarte.\n\n\n- Cuando cruces las fronteras, hazlo por lugares autorizados, no comas cuento cuando te\ndigan que te van a prohibir entrar, eso lo pueden decir personas que quieren enga\u00f1arte para\naprovecharse de tu situaci\u00f3n. En estos puntos conseguir\u00e1s personas que tienen mucha\nexperiencia trabajando con NNA y que est\u00e1n all\u00ed para protegerte y ayudarte a llegar a donde\nquieres, a encontrarte con tu familia o a orientarte frente a cualquier otra situaci\u00f3n que te\ninquiete.\n\n\n- \u201cDe eso tan bueno no dan tanto\u201d. No creas en personas que quieren darte regalos u ofrecerte\ncosas as\u00ed no m\u00e1s. Si te sientes incomodo/a, sal del lugar y busca ayuda. Hay varios riesgos\nen el camino y si vas en solitario es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil que puedas perderte o que no se sepa nada\nm\u00e1s de ti.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65efd43-8027-44fc-80fd-fd52d71dd62b/MensajesClave_NNA_21DIC22%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_489/raw/doc_489_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_489/raw/doc_489_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a8f413b6cb0f5f408ebe027f1d415ad64d53d110..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_489/raw/doc_489_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "2/8/2021 Migliaia di rifugiati e migranti subiscono gravi violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi verso la costa mediterranea dell\u2019Africa, secondo un \u2026\n\n\n**[DONA ORA](https://dona.unhcr.it/campagna/dalla-parte-dei-rifugiati/?of=1)**\n\n# **Migliaia di rifugiati e migranti subiscono gravi** **violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi verso la** **costa mediterranea dell\u2019Africa, secondo un nuovo** **rapporto presentato da UNHCR e MMC**\n\n\n29 Lug 2020\n\n\nMigliaia di rifugiati e migranti muoiono e molti patiscono gravi violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi irregolari\ndall\u2019Africa occidentale e orientale alle coste nordafricane del Mediterraneo.\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/it/notizie-storie/notizie/migliaia-di-rifugiati-e-migranti-subiscono-gravi-violazioni-di-diritti-umani-durante-i-viaggi-verso-la-costa-me\u2026 1/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df5cbb7d-6ab5-3f68-858d-6188acea847b/Migliaia%20di%20rifugiati%20e%20migranti%20subiscono%20gravi%20violazioni%20di%20diritti%20umani%20durante%20i%20viaggi%20verso%20la%20costa%20mediterranea%20dell%E2%80%99Africa%2C%20secondo%20un%20nuovo%20rapporto%20presentato%20da%20UNHCR%20e%20MMC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2/8/2021 Migliaia di rifugiati e migranti subiscono gravi violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi verso la costa mediterranea dell\u2019Africa, secondo un \u2026\n\n\nUn nuovo rapporto pubblicato oggi dall\u2019UNHCR, l\u2019Agenzia ONU per i Rifugiati, e dal Mixed Migration Centre\n(MMC) del Danish Refugee Council, intitolato _\u201cIn questo viaggio, a nessuno importa se vivi o muori\u201d,_ descrive in\nche modo la maggior parte delle persone in viaggio lungo queste rotte cada vittima o assista a episodi di\ninenarrabili brutalit\u00e0 e disumanit\u00e0 per mano di trafficanti, miliziani e, in alcuni casi, perfino di funzionari pubblici.\n\n\n\u201cPer troppo tempo, gli atroci abusi subiti da rifugiati e migranti lungo queste rotte via terra sono rimasti\nlargamente invisibili\u201d, ha dichiarato Filippo Grandi, Alto Commissario delle Nazioni Unite per i Rifugiati. \u201cQuesto\nrapporto documenta omicidi e diffuse violenze della pi\u00f9 brutale natura, perpetrati contro persone disperate in\nfuga da guerre, violenze e persecuzioni. \u00c8 necessario che gli Stati della regione mostrino forte leadership e\nintraprendano azioni concertate, col supporto della comunit\u00e0 internazionale, per porre fine a tali crudelt\u00e0,\nproteggere le vittime e perseguire i criminali responsabili\u201d.\n\n\nRaccogliere dati accurati inerenti ai decessi che si verificano nel contesto dei flussi irregolari di popolazioni miste\ncontrollati dalle reti del traffico e della tratta di essere umani \u00e8 estremamente difficile, considerato che molti\navvengono nell\u2019ombra, lontano dallo sguardo delle autorit\u00e0 ufficiali e dai sistemi formali da esse utilizzati per\ngestire dati e statistiche. Tuttavia, i risultati del rapporto, basati primariamente sul programma di raccolta dati 4Mi\ndel MMC, e su dati provenienti da fonti aggiuntive, suggeriscono che un minimo di 1.750 persone hanno perso la\nvita nel corso di questi viaggi nel 2018 e nel 2019. Si tratta di un tasso di almeno 72 decessi al mese, un\nandamento che rende la rotta una delle pi\u00f9 mortali al mondo per rifugiati e migranti. Queste morti si sommano a\nquelle delle migliaia di persone che negli ultimi anni hanno perso la vita o sono risultate disperse tentando viaggi\ndisperati attraverso il Mediterraneo per approdare in Europa dopo aver raggiunto la coste nordafricane.\n\n\nCirca il 28% delle morti registrate nel 2018 e nel 2019 si \u00e8 verificato nel corso dei tentativi di traversata del\ndeserto del Sahara. Altre localit\u00e0 potenzialmente mortali comprendono Sebha, Cufra, e Qatrun nella Libia\nmeridionale, l\u2019hub del traffico di esseri umani Bani Walid, a sudest di Tripoli, e numerose localit\u00e0 lungo la parte di\nrotta che attraversa l\u2019Africa occidentale, tra cui Bamako e Agadez.\n\n\nSebbene la maggior parte delle testimonianze e dei dati siano ancora in fase di ricezione per il 2020, \u00e8 certo che\nsiano almeno 70 i rifugiati o migranti che hanno gi\u00e0 perso la vita nell\u2019arco dell\u2019anno, tra cui almeno 30 persone\nuccise per mano di trafficanti a Mizdah a fine maggio.\n\n\nUomini, donne e bambini sopravvissuti, spesso presentano malattie mentali gravi e persistenti derivanti dai\ntraumi subiti. Per molti, l\u2019arrivo in Libia rappresenta la tappa finale di un viaggio caratterizzato da abusi\nraccapriccianti, quali esecuzioni sommarie, torture, lavori forzati e pestaggi.\n\n\nAltri continuano a riferire di essere stati vittime di violenze brutali, tra cui essere ustionati con olio bollente,\nplastica sciolta, od oggetti in metallo riscaldati, di aver subito scariche elettriche e di essere stati legati e costretti\na posizioni di stress.\n\n\nDonne e bambine, ma anche uomini e bambini, sono a rischio elevato di divenire vittime di stupri e violenza\nsessuale e di genere, in particolare presso checkpoint e aree di frontiera, e durante le traversate del deserto.\nCirca il 31% delle persone intervistate dal MMC che hanno assistito o sono sopravvissute a episodi di violenza\nsessuale nel 2018 o nel 2019, hanno vissuto tali aggressioni in pi\u00f9 di una localit\u00e0. I trafficanti risultano essere stati\ni primi responsabili di violenza sessuale in Africa settentrionale e orientale, come registrato nel 60% e nel 90%\ndelle testimonianze relative a ciascuna rotta. Tuttavia, in Africa occidentale, i principali responsabili di aggressioni\nsono stati funzionari delle forze di sicurezza, militari o di polizia, avendo commesso un quarto degli abusi\ndenunciati.\n\n\nMolte persone hanno riferito di essere state costrette dai trafficanti a prostituirsi o a soddisfare altre forme di\nsfruttamento sessuale. Tra gennaio 2017 e dicembre 2019, l\u2019UNHCR ha registrato oltre 630 casi di tratta di\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/it/notizie-storie/notizie/migliaia-di-rifugiati-e-migranti-subiscono-gravi-violazioni-di-diritti-umani-durante-i-viaggi-verso-la-costa-me\u2026 2/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapporto", - "confidence": 0.6665975451469421, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "dati provenienti da fonti aggiuntive", - "confidence": 0.5550113320350647, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5340681076049805, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "rifugiati e migranti", - "confidence": 0.9050720930099487, - "start": 355, - "end": 358 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "testimonianze", - "confidence": 0.6871687173843384, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9521719217300415, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "rifugiati o migranti", - "confidence": 0.7929162383079529, - "start": 502, - "end": 505 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df5cbb7d-6ab5-3f68-858d-6188acea847b/Migliaia%20di%20rifugiati%20e%20migranti%20subiscono%20gravi%20violazioni%20di%20diritti%20umani%20durante%20i%20viaggi%20verso%20la%20costa%20mediterranea%20dell%E2%80%99Africa%2C%20secondo%20un%20nuovo%20rapporto%20presentato%20da%20UNHCR%20e%20MMC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2/8/2021 Migliaia di rifugiati e migranti subiscono gravi violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi verso la costa mediterranea dell\u2019Africa, secondo un \u2026\n\n\nrifugiati nel Sudan orientale, con quasi 200 donne o bambine che hanno denunciato di essere sopravvissute a\nviolenza sessuale e di genere.\n\n\nUna volta in Libia, rifugiati e migranti sono esposti al rischio di subire ulteriori abusi, dal momento che il conflitto\nin corso e la fragilit\u00e0 dello Stato di diritto comportano che le reti del traffico e della tratta e le milizie siano spesso\nnelle condizioni di poter agire impunemente. L\u2019UNHCR accoglie con favore le recenti operazioni avviate dalle\nautorit\u00e0 libiche contro gruppi armati e trafficanti, tra cui un\u2019irruzione ai danni di un\u2019organizzazione dedita al\ntraffico di esseri umani e il congelamento dei beni di vari trafficanti. L\u2019Agenzia si appella alla comunit\u00e0\ninternazionale affinch\u00e9 assicuri maggiore supporto alle autorit\u00e0 nella lotta contro le reti della tratta di esseri\numani.\n\n\nMolti tra quanti tentano la traversata via mare per l\u2019Europa sono intercettati dalla Guarda Costiera libica e\nricondotti alle coste libiche. Ad oggi, rifugiati e migranti fatti sbarcare in Libia nel corso del 2020 sono pi\u00f9 di\n6.200, cifra che suggerisce che il dato finale di quest\u2019anno probabilmente eclisser\u00e0 quello di 9.035 persone\nricondotte nel Paese registrato nel 2019. Spesso sono portati e trattenuti arbitrariamente in centri di detenzione\nufficiali, nei quali sono esposti quotidianamente ad abusi e vivono in condizioni raccapriccianti. Altri finiscono in\n\u2018centri non ufficiali\u2019 o depositi controllati dalle reti del traffico e della tratta che li sottopongono a maltrattamenti\nfisici per estorcere loro pagamenti in denaro.\n\n\n\u201cIl trattamento negligente riservato a rifugiati e migranti di cui siamo testimoni lungo queste rotte \u00e8 inaccettabile\u201d,\nha dichiarato Bram Frouws, Responsabile del Mixed Migration Centre. \u201cI dati raccolti, inoltre, mostrano ancora\nuna volta come la Libia non sia un luogo sicuro presso cui ricondurre le persone. Sebbene questo rapporto\npotrebbe non essere l\u2019ultimo che documenta tali violazioni, arricchisce il crescente numero di prove che non\npossono pi\u00f9 essere ignorate\u201d.\n\n\nNegli ultimi anni sono stati conseguiti progressi saltuari per rispondere alla situazione, con alcuni dei criminali\nresponsabili degli abusi e delle morti sanzionati o posti in stato di arresto. Si \u00e8 registrata, inoltre, una riduzione\ndel numero di persone trattenute nei centri di detenzione ufficiali libici. L\u2019UNHCR ha condotto a pi\u00f9 riprese attivit\u00e0\ndi advocacy affinch\u00e9 si ponga fine alla detenzione arbitraria di rifugiati e richiedenti asilo ed \u00e8 pronta a\nsupportare le autorit\u00e0 libiche nell\u2019individuazione e nell\u2019implementazione di misure alternative alla detenzione.\n\n\nNel complesso, sono necessari sforzi maggiori per rafforzare le capacit\u00e0 di protezione delle persone che\npercorrono tali rotte e per assicurare alternative credibili e legali a questi viaggi pericolosi e disperati. \u00c8\nnecessaria una maggiore cooperazione tra Stati per identificare i criminali responsabili di questi orribili abusi\nperpetrati presso varie localit\u00e0 presenti lungo le rotte e assicurare che rispondano della loro condotta,\ncondividere informazioni chiave con gli attori incaricati di applicare la legge, smantellare le reti del traffico e della\ntratta e congelarne i beni finanziari. Inoltre, le autorit\u00e0 nazionali dovrebbero intraprendere azioni pi\u00f9 efficaci per\nindagare sulle denunce di abusi commessi da funzionari pubblici.\n\n\nL\u2019adozione di tali misure deve accompagnarsi agli sforzi volti a risolvere le cause di fondo che spingono a\nintraprendere questi viaggi e a un impegno inequivocabile per assicurare che nessuna persona soccorsa in mare\nsia ricondotta alla situazione di pericolo che vige in Libia.\n\n\nRapporto in italiano: \u2018In questo viaggio, a nessuno importa se vivi o muori\u2019. Abusi, protezione e giustizia lungo le\nrotte tra Africa orientale e occidentale e la sponda meridionale del Mediterraneo\n\n\n**Il rapporto e i materiali multimediali in inglese, comprendenti foto, testimonianze video e b-roll, sono**\n**disponibili a questo link:** https:https://www.unhcr.org/it/wp-content/uploads/sites/97/2020/10/UNHCR-MMCreport-Italian-version.pdf//www.unhcr.org/5f1ab91a7\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/it/notizie-storie/notizie/migliaia-di-rifugiati-e-migranti-subiscono-gravi-violazioni-di-diritti-umani-durante-i-viaggi-verso-la-costa-me\u2026 3/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df5cbb7d-6ab5-3f68-858d-6188acea847b/Migliaia%20di%20rifugiati%20e%20migranti%20subiscono%20gravi%20violazioni%20di%20diritti%20umani%20durante%20i%20viaggi%20verso%20la%20costa%20mediterranea%20dell%E2%80%99Africa%2C%20secondo%20un%20nuovo%20rapporto%20presentato%20da%20UNHCR%20e%20MMC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2/8/2021 Migliaia di rifugiati e migranti subiscono gravi violazioni di diritti umani durante i viaggi verso la costa mediterranea dell\u2019Africa, secondo un \u2026\n\n\n**Per maggiori informazioni:**\n**Mixed Migration Centre**\n[A Ginevra, Bram Frouws, bram.frouws@mixedmigration.org, +31 6 434 95 097](mailto:bram.frouws@mixedmigration.org)\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n[A Ginevra, Charlie Yaxley, yaxley@unhcr.org, +41 795 808 702](mailto:yaxley@unhcr.org)\n[A Roma, Federico Fossi, fossi@unhcr.org, +39 349 084 3461](mailto:fossi@unhcr.org)\n[A Roma, Barbara Molinario, molinarb@unhcr.org, +39 338 546 2932](mailto:molinarb@unhcr.org)\n\n\nUna tavola rotonda per lanciare il rapporto si terr\u00e0 per i giornalisti il 29 luglio alle 13.45 CET. Interverranno:\n\n\nVincent Cochetel, Inviato Speciale dell\u2019UNHCR per il Mediterraneo centrale\nAyala Erin Bonfiglio, Coordinatrice Regionale per il Mixed Migration Centre in Nord Africa (online)\nMaya Sahli-Fadel, Commissario dell\u2019Unione Africana e Relatrice Speciale in materia di rifugiati, richiedenti\nasilo, sfollati interni e migranti in Africa (online dall\u2019Algeria)\nOthman Belbeis, Senior Regional Advisor dell\u2019OIM presso il Direttore Generale per Medio Oriente e Nord\nAfrica\n\n\nI giornalisti possono ricevere l\u2019invito a presenziare via Zoom contattando Charlie Yaxley all\u2019indirizzo\n[yaxley@unhcr.org](mailto:yaxley@unhcr.org)\n\n\n_Il 30 luglio ricorre la Giornata Mondiale delle Nazioni Unite contro la Tratta di esseri umani_\n\n## Vedi anche\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df5cbb7d-6ab5-3f68-858d-6188acea847b/Migliaia%20di%20rifugiati%20e%20migranti%20subiscono%20gravi%20violazioni%20di%20diritti%20umani%20durante%20i%20viaggi%20verso%20la%20costa%20mediterranea%20dell%E2%80%99Africa%2C%20secondo%20un%20nuovo%20rapporto%20presentato%20da%20UNHCR%20e%20MMC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**[CHI SIAMO](https://www.unhcr.org/it/chi-siamo/)** **[COSA FACCIAMO](https://www.unhcr.org/it/cosa-facciamo/)** **[COMUNICATI STAMPA](https://www.unhcr.org/it/notizie-storie/comunicati-stampa/)** **[SOSTIENICI](https://www.unhcr.org/it/sostienici/)**\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR 2001-2021\n\n\nFAQ Fai una donazione\n\n\nLavora con noi Business\n\n\n[Copyright, termini e condizioni di utilizzo](https://www.unhcr.org/it/condizioni-uso/) Privacy policy\n\n\nCookie policy\n\n\nSeguici\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/it/notizie-storie/notizie/migliaia-di-rifugiati-e-migranti-subiscono-gravi-violazioni-di-diritti-umani-durante-i-viaggi-verso-la-costa-me\u2026 5/5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df5cbb7d-6ab5-3f68-858d-6188acea847b/Migliaia%20di%20rifugiati%20e%20migranti%20subiscono%20gravi%20violazioni%20di%20diritti%20umani%20durante%20i%20viaggi%20verso%20la%20costa%20mediterranea%20dell%E2%80%99Africa%2C%20secondo%20un%20nuovo%20rapporto%20presentato%20da%20UNHCR%20e%20MMC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_49/raw/doc_49_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_49/raw/doc_49_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e9c416fe97f0f5b776603b3ad0f9059807c1ea5d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_49/raw/doc_49_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **MOLDOVA** **OLDER REFUGEES** **BRIEFING NOTE**\n#### Disability & Age Task Force Refugee Coordination Forum Moldova\n\n\n### **JANUARY 2025**\n\n\n\nThe **Disability & Age Task Force (DATF)** was established in March 2022 with the support of\nthe Refugee Coordination Forum and under the **Protection Working Group** . The Task Force\nis composed of humanitarian actors including Government authorities, United Nations\nAgencies, International and National NGOs, and Organizations of Persons with Disabilities\n(OPDs), providing specific services for people with disabilities and older people. Its\nobjective is to improve the inclusion of older persons and persons with disabilities in the\nUkrainian Refugee Response in the Republic of Moldova, ensuring access to mainstream\nservices as well as guaranteeing the availability of specific services to respond to needs.\n## **BACKGROUND**\n\n\nAlmost three years have passed since\nRussia\u2019s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in\nFebruary 2022, forcing millions of\nUkrainians to flee the country in search of\nsafety. Moldova in its turn is the country\nthat has received **the largest numbers of**\n**refugees per capita** of the population of\n**2,4 million** . As of end December 2024,\nabout 135,000 refugees from Ukraine still\nremained sheltered in Moldova, with\nabout 76,000 having received asylum,\ntemporary protection, or residence status\n\nin Moldova to enable their continued legal stay in the country and access to services.\nThe refugees in Moldova are primarily arriving from the Southern and Southwestern parts\nof Ukraine, including from the city of Odessa.\n\nThe demographic composition of those crossing the border is made up primarly of women\ntravelling with dependents (infants, children and older persons), with a large proportion of\nthem becoming single caregivers as a consequence of family separation forced by the\nconflict.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08ca5e61-27a6-4270-9545-646d19136103/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**are people with disabilities** and **17% are older people** . Among older people around 50%\nare persons with disabilities which exacerbate the risks that this category of refugees\nfaces.\nThis briefing note aims to provide an overview of the situation of older refugees in\nMoldova and the gaps and needs they face, as well as the current efforts being made by\nhumanitarian stakeholders to address these challenges.\n\nFrom the **Socio-Economic Insights Survey** (SEIS) conducted by the IMPACT Initiative in1\nAugust 2024, the following **four main areas** were identified as significantly impacting\n**older refugees** compared to other groups:\n\n**Access to Information:** Older refugees face significant challenges in\naccessing information compared to other refugee groups. Many lack the\nnecessary devices to connect online, and the available information is often\nnot presented in formats that accommodate their needs.\n\n\n**Healthcare Access:** Access to healthcare and to medicines emerged as\nurgent priorities for older refugees, with a significantly higher proportion\nidentifying these needs as compared to younger refugee groups.\n\n\n**Support Channels:** Refugees aged 75 and above are less likely to have access\nto secure and private channels for seeking support, or reporting concerns,\nincluding sensitive community issues (only 75% reported access compared to\nan average of 95% of other age groups).\n\n\n**Social Assistance:** Seventy percent (70%) of refugees aged 75 and above\nreported the need to have better access to social assistance services to\nimprove their socio-economic situation in Moldova as compared to the other\nage groups which is less then 50%.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.9996925592422485, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9698904752731323, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9969745874404907, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IMPACT Initiative", - "confidence": 0.9073250889778137, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "IMPACT Initiative", - "confidence": 0.5732117891311646, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Moldova", - "confidence": 0.9573754668235779, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9955099821090698, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older refugees", - "confidence": 0.9827743172645569, - "start": 52, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Healthcare Access", - "confidence": 0.5041795372962952, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Moldova", - "confidence": 0.7967715859413147, - "start": 298, - "end": 299 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees aged 75 and above", - "confidence": 0.6767647862434387, - "start": 215, - "end": 220 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08ca5e61-27a6-4270-9545-646d19136103/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **KEY RESULTS 2024**\n\nSince the beginning of the refugee\nresponse humanitarian actors have\nsupported older refugees through different\nprograms and activities, as reported to the\nRefugee Coordination Forum. Among the\nkey results in 2024, from January to\nSeptember the organizations involved in\nthe response reported the following results:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Individuals receiving cash assistance (MPCA, Winter
Cash, GBV response)|12.748|6.425|926|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Individuals receiving cash assistance (MPCA, Winter
Cash, GBV response)||||\n|Individuals receiving medical support (procurement of
health commodities, medical referral, financial support
for medical services)|121|61|15|\n|Individuals receiving medical support (procurement of
health commodities, medical referral, financial support
for medical services)||||\n|Individuals
participating
in
MHPSS
services
and
activities (including level 4 of IASC pyramid)|1.225|210|2|\n|Individuals
participating
in
MHPSS
services
and
activities (including level 4 of IASC pyramid)||||\n|Persons with Specific Needs provided with targeted
protection assistance|671|228|103|\n|Persons with Specific Needs provided with targeted
protection assistance||||\n|Individuals receiving hygiene kits, including first aid kits|986|540|162|\n|Individuals receiving hygiene kits, including first aid kits||||\n|Individuals provided with individual legal assistance|548|209||\n|**Total older people supported in 2024**|**17.153**|**7.994**|**1.208**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08ca5e61-27a6-4270-9545-646d19136103/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **GAPS AND NEEDS**\n\n**Healthcare Access** : Older refugees face barriers to secondary healthcare\ndue to physical accessibility issues, high costs, and inconsistent\napplication of Temporary Protection (TP) status rights by service\nproviders.\n\n\n**Housing Challenges** : Closure of Refugee Accommodation Centers (RACs)\ncreates uncertainty for older refugees, especially those with limited\nfinances or mobility which need essential services which are near RACs.\n\n\n**Financial Instability** : Rising living costs leave older refugees financially\ninsecure, relying on pensions, savings, or aid, often leading to reduced\nspending on food or healthcare.\n\n\n**Employment Barriers** : Language, ageism, and health issues prevent older\nrefugees from working, while cash assistance for rent often excludes those\nunable to find employment.\n\n\n**Social Isolation** : Separation from family, limited mobility, and lack of\ntailored social activities exacerbate isolation among older refugees,\nhighlighting a need for age-appropriate community initiatives.\n\n\n**Information Access** : Limited digital skills and lack of in-person information\nsharing, hinder older refugees' access to essential information, updates,\nand registration for benefits like TP.\n\n\n**Data Disaggregation and Targeted Assistance** : Insufficient data on the\nspecific needs of older refugees hinders targeted support by\nhumanitarian organizations.\n## **RECOMANDATIONS**\n\n\nFor the **Government of Moldova** : **\u200b**\n\nImprove communication to all refugees, including older ones, about rights and\nservices under TP status.\nContinue improving accessibility and adaptation for people with limited mobility\u200b.\n\n\n\u200bFor the **Humanitarian Community** :\u200b\n\nImprove disaggregated data collection and analysis to better target support for\nvulnerable groups, including older persons.\nContinue to promote psychosocial support services to reduce isolation and\nimprove mental health.\nReview cash-for-rent criteria to better include older persons and secure funding to\naddress their particular rental vulnerabilities.\nExpand access to assistive products tailored to older refugees\u2019 specific needs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated data collection", - "confidence": 0.6126152276992798, - "start": 311, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.5643115043640137, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cash-for-rent criteria", - "confidence": 0.7400171160697937, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.5066875219345093, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08ca5e61-27a6-4270-9545-646d19136103/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **STORIES FROM REFUGEES**\n\n_\u201cI had heard about this sport, but I didn't know what Nordic walking was until now. After_\n_today\u2019s workout, I think it\u2019s great for keeping fit, especially for older people. It involves the_\n_whole body, from legs to hands.\u201d_\n\n\nTatiana, a 61-year-old refugee from Odessa, arrived in S\u00eengerei, Moldova, in March 2023,\nleaving behind her husband and son. \" _I feel safe here; we\u2019re supported in every way, and it_\n_feels like home,_ \" she told us.\nOn the day we met her, Tatiana, along with other refugees and volunteers at the Safe\nCommunity Space, practised Nordic walking with a professional trainer. The group bonded\nquickly and decided to make it a daily activity with the walking sticks provided. In S\u00eengerei,\nwhere refugees stay with local families, they rarely have opportunities to connect.\nActivities like these help them socialise, feel supported, and become part of the\ncommunity. Tatiana believes that through these gatherings, they feel useful, valued, and\n\n##### **CONTACTS**\n\n**Co-leads of the Task Force**\n\n**Daniele Pedretti**, Age Inclusion Specialist _HelpAge_, Daniele.Pedretti@helpage.org\n\n**Alberto Tonon**, Disability Inclusion Specialist, _UNHCR_, Tonon@unhcr.org\n\n**Ludmila Malcoci**, Executive Director _Keystone Moldova,_ Lmalcoci@khs.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08ca5e61-27a6-4270-9545-646d19136103/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_490/raw/doc_490_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_490/raw/doc_490_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2225a76a14219fbc0b3a568305824e436a17f89c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_490/raw/doc_490_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,359 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "the central Mediterranean Sea in 2023 may have been in need of international protection. [3]\n\nArrivals to Italy through the central Mediterranean Sea in 2023 stood at 150,273 individuals, a 73% increase compared\nto 2022. The majority of these arrivals were rescued by Italian authorities, some arrivals were spontaneous (i.e., arrived\non their own), and according to the Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), about 14,090 persons (9%\nof the total arrivals) were rescued by Search and Rescue (SAR) NGOs and subsequently disembarked in Italy in 2023. [4]\n\nIn 2023, Italy witnessed a significant increase in sea arrivals from Tunisia, surpassing those from Libya. Concurrently,\nthere was a notable rise in nationals of West and Central Africa from January until September, when the number of Tunisian nationals increased. While non-Tunisians represented only 43% of sea arrivals to Italy from Tunisia in 2022, in 2023\nthey accounted for 82%. Predominantly, the main nationalities arriving in Italy in 2023 included nationals from Guinea,\nTunisia, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Bangladesh, Egypt, the Syrian Arab Republic, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Mali, and Sudan. [5] Guinean,\nTunisian, Ivorian, Burkinabe, Malian, and Sudanese nationals departed mainly from Tunisia while Bangladeshi, Egyptian,\nSyrian, and Pakistani nationals departed mainly from Libya.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF PEOPLE ARRIVING IN**\n**ITALY AFTER DEPARTING FROM LIBYA IN 2023**\n\n\n\n**MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF PEOPLE ARRIVING IN**\n**ITALY AFTER DEPARTING FROM TUNISIA IN 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGuineans emerged as the foremost nationality among the arrivals to Italy in 2023. Additionally, there was a substantial\nincrease in arrivals of nationals from Burkina Faso, Mali, and Sudan, many of whom were likely to be in need of international protection,\u2076 primarily departing from Tunisia. Although the number of Sudanese arrivals remained limited, it\nmarked a substantial increase compared to 2022. In total, 5,887 Sudanese nationals arrived in Italy via the central\nMediterranean Sea, with 4,956 persons crossing from Tunisia and 931 persons from Libya, compared to 1,058 Sudanese\narrivals in 2022 from Tunisia and Libya. This suggests that as Sudanese and other nationalities continue to flee the\nconflict in Sudan and move onwards to and within North Africa, in search of protection and assistance, the number of\nSudanese arrivals in Italy may further increase.\n\n\n**SEA MOVEMENTS VIA THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN 2023** **MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF PEOPLE ARRIVING IN**\n**ITALY AND MALTA AFTER DEPARTING FROM ALGERIA, LIBYA, AND**\n**TUNISIA IN 2023**\n\n\n\n18,450\n\n\n17,904\n\n\n16,051\n\n\n12,986\n\n\n11,298\n\n\n9,869\n\n\n8,423\n\n\n7,560\n\n\n6,040\n\n\n5,896\n\n\n\nGuinea\n\n\nTunisia\n\n\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nEgypt\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nBurkina Faso\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nMali\n\n\nSudan\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n36,085\n\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEA MOVEMENTS", - "confidence": 0.7143186330795288, - "start": 208, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN SEA", - "confidence": 0.8269901275634766, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8697900772094727, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8732774257659912, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese\narrivals", - "confidence": 0.7711474895477295, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ANNUAL OVERVIEW", - "confidence": 0.9529426097869873, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.976026713848114, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children and women comprised a significant percentage of arrivals in Italy from Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia in 2023.\nChildren accounted for 17%, consistent with 2022. Most of the children were unaccompanied and separated children\n(UASC), primarily Guinean, Tunisian, Egyptian and Gambian nationals. The share of women among the arrivals increased\nto 10% in 2023 compared to 7% in 2022. This was primarily attributed to changes in the top nationalities, as indicated\nabove, with a notable rise in arrivals from, for example, Guinea and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, where women constituted a large\nshare of arrivals (e.g., of the 16,051 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire nationals who arrived in Italy, 5,055 were women, constituting approximately 31.5%, while 7,809 were men, making up about 48.6%). The predominant nationalities of women arriving in Italy\nremained similar to those in 2022, including Ivorian, Guinean, Tunisian, Cameroonian, and Syrian nationals. However,\nmen continued to constitute the majority of arrivals in Italy through the central Mediterranean Sea.\n\nIn 2023, more than 3,105\u2077 migrants and refugees are known to have lost their lives or gone missing at sea while\nattempting to cross to Europe along the three Mediterranean routes (eastern, central and western Mediterranean), an\nincrease compared to more than 2,500 deaths recorded in 2022. 61% of the deaths in 2023 took place on the central\nMediterranean Sea. According to IOM\u2019s Missing Migrants Project, more than 700 deaths occurred off the coast of Tunisia, more than 680 off Libya and more than 460 off Italian shores. The increasing number and proportion of deaths off\nthe coast of Tunisia is unprecedented in the last 10 years. Notably, more than 1,900 [8] deaths in the central Mediterranean\nSea in 2023 were linked to mass shipwrecks involving the loss of more than 20 lives at sea. However, the real number\nof dead and missing along these routes is believed to be higher as many incidents go unreported or undetected.\n\n\n\n**DEAD AND MISSING AT SEA IN 2023 ALONG THE**\n**MEDITERRANEAN ROUTES**\n\n\nWestern\nMediterranean\n\n14%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n**DEAD AND MISSING AT SEA BY YEAR ALONG THE CENTRAL**\n**MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE**\n\n\n1,900\n\n\n\n1,250\n\n\n\n1,550\n1,430\n\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\nCentral\n\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023\n\n\n\nThe movement of migrants and refugees by boat across the Mediterranean Sea continues to be of critical concern to\nUNHCR and IOM due to the high risks those attempting the journey face. Those risks are aggravated because of limited\nState search and rescue (SAR) responses in some regions; the deteriorated protection environment in some countries\nin North Africa and elsewhere along the route for migrants and refugees, particularly those with vulnerabilities, including victims of trafficking, children and women or others with specific needs; transfers of some persons disembarked\nto arbitrary and prolonged detention in official and unofficial places of detention; and the very limited safe and regular\npathways available for migrants and refugees, including those seeking to join family members in Europe.\n\n### SEA MOVEMENTS FROM LIBYA\n\nIn 2023, some 71,500 migrants and refugees are known to have atte ~~m~~ pted to cross the central Mediterranean Sea from\nLibya to Europe, a decrease of 10% compared to 2022, but still far below the numbers of annual crossings between\n2014 and 2017. Among those who attempted the journey, 73% were disembarked in Italy, 1.6% in Tunisia, 0.5% in Malta,\nand 1.1% in Greece,\u2079 while 24% were intercepted or rescued and disembarked in Libya. According to data available to\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR and IOM, the primary nationalities attempting to cross from Libya were Bangladeshis (21%), Egyptians (19%) and\nSyrians (17%).\n\nThe second half of 2023 witnessed a substantial shift of sea departures from eastern Libya to the western region of\nthe country, particularly from Zuwara. Departures from Zuwara involved the use of predominantly large fishing boats\ncarrying 300 or more persons. This had been a distinctive feature in departures from eastern Libya in 2022 as well as\nin the first nine months of 2023. [10] These vessels departing from Zuwara commonly carried nationals from Bangladesh,\nPakistan, Egypt, and the Syrian Arab Republic. In addition, towards the end of 2023, there was a rise of departures from\nSabratha of large wooden boats carrying the aforementioned nationalities, along with various nationalities from East\nand Horn of Africa (EHA), mainly Ethiopians, Eritreans, and Somalis, as well as from West and Central Africa (WCA).\n\nIn western Libya (Azzawiyah) and Tripoli, IOM and UNHCR retained access to disembarkation points. However, an estimated 30% of the disembarkations in Libya in 2023 were not attended by any humanitarian actor. In several instances,\nhumanitarian actors were notified of disembarkations by the Libyan authorities only after they had been commenced or\nat times concluded. As a result, humanitarian actors were not able to provide assistance for those being disembarked or\nidentify individuals with international protection needs or other specific needs. In addition, many disembarkations were\ncarried out by entities - such as the Stabilization and Support Apparatus (SSA) - in western Libya that fall outside the\nauthorities officially mandated to conduct interceptions or SAR operations and subsequent disembarkations in Libya.\n\n\n\n**DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA**\n**2023**\n\n\n\n**DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF DISEMBARKATIONS**\n**FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA** **[11]**\n\n\nChildren\n\n12%\n\nWomen 5%\n\n\n\nTunisia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n73%\nItaly\n\n### SEA MOVEMENTS FROM TUNISIA\n\n\n\n\n\n83%\n\n\n\nIn 2023, some 140,000 migrants and refugees are known to have attempted to cross the sea from Tunisia to Europe,\na 138% increase compared to 2022. Among those who attempted the journey, 42,240 (30%) persons were rescued or\nintercepted and disembarked in Tunisia, [12] while 97,667 (70%) persons arrived in Italy. Notably, the second week of September (11-18) witnessed the highest number of arrivals from Tunisia to Lampedusa within a single week in 2023, with\naround 11,698 people arriving in 278 landings.\n\nSimilar to 2022, non-Tunisian nationals [13] continued to constitute the majority (85%) of all persons disembarked in Tunisia\nin 2023. The majority of arrivals in Italy from Tunisia were Guineans, Tunisians, followed by Ivorians, Burkinabes, Malians, Sudanese, Cameroonians, Gambians, and Beninese. This represents a change compared to the years up to 2022,\nwhen Tunisian nationals were the main nationality of sea arrivals to Italy. [14]\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Reports indicate that nationals of EHA and WCA countries departing from Tunisia often have few choices other than to\nembark on iron (\u2018poor-quality\u2019) boats for their sea journey. These boats are relatively simple to construct, requiring only\nbasic, readily available materials and minimal equipment. In contrast, Tunisian nationals departing from Tunisia generally travel on wooden or rubber fishing boats which are generally perceived as safer and more seaworthy compared to\niron boats. [15]\n\n\n\n**DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM TUNISIA**\n**2023**\n\n\n30%\n\n\n70%\n\n## KEY CONCERNS\n\n\n\n**DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY**\n**FROM TUNISIA**\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n68%\n\n\n\nUNHCR and IOM remain concerned about high fatalities in the central Mediterranean Sea; the persistent need for enhanced SAR capacities at sea and safe disembarkation processes; and limited overall protection space for migrants and\nrefugees in some North African countries. Concerns also extend to the ongoing expulsions from North African countries,\nincluding vulnerable groups and persons registered with UNHCR, which pose significant protection risks.\n\n - UNHCR and IOM remain extremely concerned by the continued high numbers of deaths in the central\nMediterranean Sea.\n\n\n - UNHCR and IOM remain concerned about SAR and disembarkation processes which continue to be ad hoc\nand unpredictable in some parts of the central Mediterranean Sea. Delays or a lack of coordination have\ncontributed to tragic incidents, with individuals losing their lives or going missing at sea. There need to be\nmore consistent responses by all coastal States in line with their international legal obligations to ensure\nthat migrants and refugees are promptly rescued and disembarked in a place of safety, and receive timely\nassistance, counselling, and referral to appropriate services.\n\n\n - UNHCR and IOM remain concerned about the disembarkation in Libya of persons intercepted or rescued\nat sea, as the country is still not considered a place of safety for the purpose of disembarkation. [16]\n\n\n - UNHCR and IOM also remain concerned about the limited overall protection space for migrants and\nrefugees in North African countries. In addition, there remain too few solutions in terms of regular and safe\npathway opportunities for migrants and refugees in these countries, as well as for refugees in need of\nevacuation to the Emergency Transit Mechanism (ETM) in Niger and Rwanda.\n\n\n - UNHCR and IOM are also concerned about the ongoing expulsions of migrants and refugees from North\nAfrican countries, following their interception or rescue at sea and subsequent disembarkation. Such\nexpulsions also affected vulnerable groups, including pregnant women and children and persons holding\nUNHCR documentation. Arbitrary detention and expulsions of migrants and refugees also occurred from\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cities and other population centres. An estimated 13,993 persons were reportedly collectively expelled\nfrom Libya to neighboring countries in 2023. Similarly, between June and December 2023, according to\ndifferent sources, including Human Rights Watch, MSF, and World Organisation Against Torture OMCT,\nthousands of people were also expelled/pushed back from Tunisia to either Libya or Algeria. [17]\n\n## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nMore steps need to be taken to reduce deaths at sea and mitigate perilous irregular mixed movements on both land and\nsea along the Central Mediterranean Route (CMR). This could be done through strengthening search and rescue capacity to respond to situations of distress at sea; providing greater access to safe and legal pathways; and strengthening\naccess to protection in and along routes to North Africa. In this regard, IOM and UNHCR recommend that:\n\n\n**SAR AT SEA, DISEMBARKATION PROCESSES, AND PLACE OF SAFETY**\n\n - States prioritize the increase of SAR capacity and promptly respond to any call of distress at sea, deploying the necessary rescue capacity in a timely manner, and effectively co-operating to identify a place of safety where survivors\ncan be disembarked. This includes ensuring that the rescued persons are not returned to situations that may result\nin further harm and human rights violations including arbitrary detention, expulsion, and refoulement. [18]\n\n - Persons rescued or intercepted at sea are not returned to Libya, as it is still not considered a place of safety. [19]\nTherefore, States\u2019 Rescue Coordination Centres (RCCs) should refrain from ordering commercial ships to disembark\nrescued migrants and refugees in Libya.\n\n - Governments and their relevant RCCs make every effort to minimize the duration rescued migrants and refugees\nspend aboard assisting vessels, ensuring timely disembarkation in a place of safety and access to adequate assistance.\n\n - Upon disembarkation, in line with relevant national law and international human rights law, authorities across North\nAfrican countries make alternatives to detention. They also provide access to the required humanitarian and medical assistance where needed and ensure care arrangements for children, families, and other vulnerable individuals.\n\n - IOM, UNHCR, and other humanitarian organizations are granted systematic access to formal sites of disembarkation\nby the mandated authorities in coastal countries to respond to the immediate needs of the persons disembarked,\nidentify and assist persons with international protection needs, or other protection needs, including migrants in a\nvulnerable situation.\n\n\n**ROLE OF NGOs**\n\n - States refrain from any measures that may hinder the rescue work of SAR NGO vessels, which provide much needed\nrescue capacity.\n\n\n**COMMERCIAL SHIPS**\n\n - States remind shipping companies sailing under their flag to render assistance to migrants and refugees at sea and\nconsider relevant legal procedures when assistance to people in distress at sea is denied for no permissible reasons\nunder international public law, in particular international Maritime Law.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESPONSIBILITY SHARING**\n\n - States develop and implement broader regional responsibility-sharing mechanisms to ensure swift and predictable\ndisembarkation and subsequent processing of persons rescued or intercepted at sea. [20]\n\n - States improve coordination between State entities and with private vessels to ensure greater predictability in SAR\noperations including by adopting a broad interpretation of the notion of distress at sea, in line with the definition\nprovided in the SAR Convention. [21]\n\n\n**SAFE AND REGULAR ALTERNATIVES**\n\n - States expand regular pathways for migrants and refugees as one of the alternatives to perilous irregular journeys\nby sea, including pathways for migrants in vulnerable situations.\n\n - Resettlement quotas for refugees in Libya and those evacuated to the ETM are increased. Resettlement quotas for\nrefugees in the rest of North African countries are also increased.\n\n - States maintain expedited processing in order to maximize evacuation opportunities to the ETM.\n\n - States maintain expedited processing also for Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR), such as the\nlifting of lengthy exit visa processes for migrants.\n\n\n**PROTECTION-SENSITIVE BORDER MANAGEMENT**\n\n - States conduct swift identification and referral of persons with international protection needs and other specific\nneeds (including victims of trafficking, UASC, survivors of gender-based violence) following rescue or interception\noperations and upon disembarkation, in particular women, children, and older persons, and adopt disembarkation\nprocedures that ensure prevention of further harm and family separation. UNHCR and IOM stand ready to support\nwith specific capacity development on protection-sensitive border management and disembarkation procedures to\nStates.\n\n - States develop cross-border mechanisms for sharing information on missing migrants and refugees and to facilitate\nthe restoration of family links with relevant actors and with adequate data protection safeguards.\n\n - States establish a focal point for missing migrants and refugees in coordination with other relevant actors in countries of transit in particular IFRC and national Red Crescent / Red Cross Societies.\n\n - States in North Africa work to develop asylum legal frameworks to enhance access for those in need of international\nprotection. States also further develop/ align migration legislation with international human rights law.\n\n - Coastal States with the assistance of relevant humanitarian organizations continuously conduct multilingual campaigns to sensitize migrants and refugees on risks and dangers associated with irregular sea journey, in particular\nin line with the Palermo protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and\nChildren and the Palermo protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.\n\n\n**AVAILABILITY OF DATA ON MIGRANT AND REFUGEE MOVEMENTS**\n\n - States work to improve the quality and availability of data and analysis on migrant and refugee sea movements. IOM\nand UNHCR stand ready to provide support, including by developing joint methodologies and dedicating more of\ntheir own resources, to better understand the situation of migrants and refugees undertaking dangerous journeys.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CROSS-REGIONAL COLLABORATION AND DIALOGUE**\n\n - States increase collaboration with UNHCR, IOM, and other key stakeholders to hold cross-regional dialogues with\ncountries and regions of origin, transit and destination along key routes to address drivers of mixed and onward\nmovements.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n1. These figures represent the total number of migrants and refugees who arrived in Italy, Malta, and Greece after departing from Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia\nin 2023. The numbers may include migrants and refugees who made more than one attempt to cross the sea from these countries. These figures also\ninclude those who were intercepted or rescued by the authorities of Libya and Tunisia and disembarked in these countries in 2023.\n\n\nArrivals from Algeria were also recorded in Spain, but these fall outside the scope of this factsheet.\n\n\n2. Data on disembarkation in the three North African countries and arrivals in Greece is sourced from a variety of channels, including media monitoring, and\ndata gathered at the disembarkation points where UNHCR and IOM or partners were present.\n\n\nData on arrivals in Italy and Malta is received from the Ministry of Interior/Home Affairs of both countries.\n\n\n3. The estimated number of people who may be in need of international protection is based on analysis of rates of recognition as refugees or provision\nof subsidiary protection in Europe for each identified nationality reported to have arrived in Europe through the central Mediterranean Sea in 2023. This\nindicates the proportion of asylum applicants of each nationality who were granted refugee status or subsidiary protection after going through formal asylum\nprocedures in the EU+ region between 2018 and 2023. It is calculated using decisions at first instance stage between January 2018 to June 2023, and decisions at appeal stage from January 2019 to June 2023. The rate of recognition as refugees or provision of subsidiary protection for each nationality is then\napplied to the number of persons of that nationality who arrived in Europe via the Central Mediterranean route in 2023. For further details, see UNHCR Data\nFinder at: [https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=IAr67y](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=IAr67y)\n\n\n4. An estimated 9% of total arrivals by sea in Italy followed rescue by NGO vessels according to Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI),\navailable at: ISPI - [ISPI - Standofs in the Central Mediterranean (Crisi in mare) - Google Sheets](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ahgkPp6NqMh3Dg63YHj8LVyaeW6-qHn2QQcRrKasJyM/edit#gid=0)\n\n\n5. Nationalities are listed in the descending order of arrival groups.\n\n\n6. UNHCR Position on Returns to Sudan. May 2023. Available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/6450e5814.html; UNHCR Position on Returns to Mali \u2013](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6450e5814.html)\nUpdate III. January 2022. Available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/61f3a52e4.html; UNHCR Position on Returns to Burkina Faso \u2013 Update I. July 2023.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/61f3a52e4.html)\nAvailable at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/64c2748c4.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/64c2748c4.html)\n\n\n7. The numbers of the dead and missing in this factsheet relate to incidents that took place on the three Mediterranean routes for which IOM and UNHCR\nhas received a sufficient level of detail. Because data on deaths during sea crossings are highly incomplete, these figures are rounded to reflect the fact that\nthe true number of lives lost in the Mediterranean Sea is not known. To explore data, see IOM [Missing Migrants Project and UNHCR Dead and](https://missingmigrants.iom.int/) [Missing at Sea](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/95?sv=0&geo=0&_ga=2.195999276.18342678.1696230784-1487407682.1601492413)\n[dashboard.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/95?sv=0&geo=0&_ga=2.195999276.18342678.1696230784-1487407682.1601492413)\n\n\n8. IOM attributes the incident that took place off Pylos, Greece, where more than 500 individuals lost their lives on 14 June 2023, while en route from Libya\nto Italy, to the central Mediterranean Sea.\n\n\nJoint Press Release: UNHCR and IOM call for coordinated action and safe pathways, 14 June 2023, available at: [Hundreds of refugees and migrants feared](https://www.unhcr.org/gr/en/33643-hundreds-of-refugees-feared-dead-sea-greece.html#%3A~%3Atext%3DUNHCR%2C%20the%20UN%20Refugee%20Agency%2C%20and%20IOM%20are%2Cthe%20Greek%20authorities%2C%20who%20have%20rescued%20104%20people)\n[dead and missing in worst sea tragedy of Greece in recent years \u2013 UNHCR Greece](https://www.unhcr.org/gr/en/33643-hundreds-of-refugees-feared-dead-sea-greece.html#%3A~%3Atext%3DUNHCR%2C%20the%20UN%20Refugee%20Agency%2C%20and%20IOM%20are%2Cthe%20Greek%20authorities%2C%20who%20have%20rescued%20104%20people)\n\n\n9. Among those who departed from Libya in 2023, some 817 persons arrived in Greece in 21 separate disembarkation operations between June and\nDecember. All arrivals departed from eastern Libya. Of these, 95 survivors were rescued by the Hellenic Coast Guard and brough to the port of Kalamata,\nGreece, on 14 June 2023. This rescue followed the tragic capsizing of a large fishing vessel which departed from eastern Libya carrying over 700 persons, off\nthe coast of Pylos, Greece.\n\n\n10. Between January and September 2023, 21 large fishing boats, each carrying over 300 individuals, arrived in Italy from eastern Libya, while between\nOctober and December 2023, an additional 5 large fishing boats, also carrying over 300 people each, arrived in Italy from western Libya.\n\n11. The demographic breakdown is based on 96% of disembarkations in Libya. For the remaining 4% (2,522), demographics breakdown was unknown.\n\n\n12. Source: Official website of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior and the social media pages of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior and Tunisian National Guard,\nother media and social media monitoring.\n\n\n13. A precise breakdown of nationalities for non-Tunisians disembarked in Tunisia is not available.\n\n\n14. From 2022 to 2023, the profile of arrivals in Italy from Tunisia changed, with more nationalities from EHA and WCA living in Tunisia departing, including\ndue to the evolving protection environment in the country.\n\n\n[15. For example, Civil MRCC, ECHOES Issue 9, November 2023, available at: ECHOES Issue 9, November 2023 \u2013 English \u2013 Civil MRCC; ECHOES Issue 9,](https://civilmrcc.eu/echoes-issue-9-november-2023-english/)\n[November 2023 \u2013 English \u2013 CivilMRCC; Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC), Tunisia: Increased Fragility Fuels Migration Surge,](https://civilmrcc.eu/echoes-issue-9-november-2023-english/)\n[July 2023, available at: Tasnim-Abderrahim-Tunisia-Increased-fraflity-fuels-migration-surge-GI-TOC-July-2023.pdf (globalinitiative.net)](https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Tasnim-Abderrahim-Tunisia-Increased-frafility-fuels-migration-surge-GI-TOC-July-2023.pdf)\n\n\n16. UNHCR, Position on the Designations of Libya as a Safe Third Country and as a Place of Safety for the Purpose of Disembarkation Following Rescue at\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals in Italy and Malta", - "confidence": 0.5007483959197998, - "start": 146, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Interior/Home Affairs", - "confidence": 0.5251056551933289, - "start": 157, - "end": 163 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5030548572540283, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5520890951156616, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.5064156651496887, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "decisions at first instance stage", - "confidence": 0.6660726070404053, - "start": 255, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU+ region", - "confidence": 0.5865069031715393, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8485909104347229, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5192354917526245, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum applicants", - "confidence": 0.8891609907150269, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Data\nFinder", - "confidence": 0.9302138686180115, - "start": 321, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ISPI", - "confidence": 0.8172141909599304, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Mediterranean", - "confidence": 0.5991778373718262, - "start": 369, - "end": 371 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6525029540061951, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6971791982650757, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on deaths during sea crossings", - "confidence": 0.780476450920105, - "start": 492, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5089235901832581, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mediterranean Sea", - "confidence": 0.8675275444984436, - "start": 519, - "end": 521 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8977524638175964, - "start": 580, - "end": 581 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic breakdown", - "confidence": 0.7773714065551758, - "start": 794, - "end": 796 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.5835808515548706, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8272636532783508, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-Tunisians", - "confidence": 0.6548736095428467, - "start": 865, - "end": 866 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sea, September 2020, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f1edee24.html; and Joint IOM and UNHCR Press Release, IOM and UNHCR condemn](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f1edee24.html)\n[the return of migrants and refugees to Libya, 16 June 2021, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn- return-mi-](https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn- return-mi- grants-and-refugees-libya)\n[grants-and-refugees-libya](https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn- return-mi- grants-and-refugees-libya)\n\n\n17. Human Rights Watch, Tunisia: African Migrants Intercepted at Sea, Expelled, 10 October 2023, available at: [Tunisia: African Migrants Intercepted at](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/10/tunisia-african-migrants-intercepted-sea-expelled)\n[Sea, Expelled | Human Rights Watch (hrw.org); World Organisation Against Torture OMCT, SOS-Torture Network, Cartographie des violations subies par les](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/10/tunisia-african-migrants-intercepted-sea-expelled)\npersonnes en d\u00e9placement en Tunisie [Routes of torture \u2013 Cartography of the violations suffered by displaced people in Tunisia], July\u2013October 2023 (in\nFrench), available at: [Migration-et-torture-Finale-Planches-.pdf (omct-tunisie.org); See also, MSF, Death, despair and destitution: The human costs of the](https://omct-tunisie.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Migration-et-torture-Finale-Planches-.pdf)\n[EU\u2019s migration policies, 20 February 2024, available at: https://www.msf.org/death-despair-and-destitution-human-costs-eu-migration-policies](https://www.msf.org/death-despair-and-destitution-human-costs-eu-migration-policies)\n\n\n18. International Maritime Organization\u2019s MSC.167(78), Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/legal/](https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/imo/2004/en/32272)\n[resolution/imo/2004/en/32272](https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/imo/2004/en/32272)\n\n\n19. UN Security Council, United Nations Support Mission in Libya Report of the Secretary-General (5 April 2023) S/2023/248, para. 96; UN Security Council,\nUnited Nations Support Mission in Libya Report of the Secretary-General (19 January 2021) S/2021/62, para. 107\n\n\n20. UNHCR and IOM, Proposal for a regional cooperative arrangement ensuring predictable disembarkation and subsequent processing of persons\nrescued-at-sea, 27 June 2018, available at: [https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrange- ment-en- suring-pre-](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrange- ment-en- suring-predictable-disembarkation.html)\n[dictable-disembarkation.html; also,](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrange- ment-en- suring-predictable-disembarkation.html) [https://www.unhcr.org/eg/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2021/08/Final-Recommendations-Mixed-Movements-in-Cen-](https://www.unhcr.org/eg/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2021/08/Final-Recommendations-Mixed-Movements-in-Central-Mediterranean.pdf)\n[tral-Mediterranean.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/eg/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2021/08/Final-Recommendations-Mixed-Movements-in-Central-Mediterranean.pdf)\n\n\n21. The SAR Convention defines the \u201cdistress phases\u201d as \u201ca situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that a person, a vessel or other craft is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance;\u201d available at: [https://www.imo.org/en/about/Conventions/Pages/International-Con-](https://www.imo.org/en/about/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-on-Maritime-Search-and-Rescue-(SAR).aspx)\n[vention-on-Maritime-Search-and-Rescue-(SAR).aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/about/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-on-Maritime-Search-and-Rescue-(SAR).aspx)\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2023 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1aaefaa1-1403-41bf-bb22-473f0d0b4420/Migrant%20and%20refugee%20movements%20through%20the%20Central%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20in%202023%20-%20Joint%20Annual%20Overview%20for%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_491/raw/doc_491_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_491/raw/doc_491_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 41fabd775381dc060d65ea1e1a9db7aa4c1ce2e4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_491/raw/doc_491_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Informe de resultados**\n# Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n\n##### **Octubre - Diciembre, 2020**\n\nPROTECCI\u00d3N LEGAL | ACCESO A DERECHOS | NECESIDADES B\u00c1SICAS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Introducci\u00f3n Introducci\u00f3n | Consideraciones t\u00e9cnicas\n\n\n## INTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n\nEl presente informe es una s\u00edntesis del an\u00e1lisis que ACNUR realiza\nsobre la situaci\u00f3n de sus personas de inter\u00e9s a lo largo del tiempo. El Monitoreo\nde Protecci\u00f3n recoge informaci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica sobre el perfil demogr\u00e1fico, el\ndesplazamiento, la documentaci\u00f3n, el acceso a servicios, las necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas, los mecanismos de afrontamiento y el bienestar de las personas\nrefugiadas y migrantes en las Am\u00e9ricas. La informaci\u00f3n recogida se analiza\npara identificar riesgos, tendencias y patrones que puedan ayudar al ACNUR\na responder mejor a las necesidades de su poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s.\n\n\nDadas las dificultades que entra\u00f1a acceder a las personas en\nsituaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana, el ACNUR aplica un enfoque multi-frame, que\npermite dividir a la poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s en grupos y tener un an\u00e1lisis m\u00e1s\ncomprensivo de su situaci\u00f3n. La recolecci\u00f3n se realiza mediante encuestas,\nque pueden ser levantadas por diversos medios (encuestas telef\u00f3nicas, en\nla calle, en oficinas de prestaci\u00f3n de servicios, impulsadas desde el sistema\nde manejo de casos o autoadministradas), logrando as\u00ed alcanzar la mayor\ndiversidad posible de personas. El presente informe recoge los principales\nhallazgos del ejercicio piloto desarrollado durante el mes de diciembre 2020.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n### **Consideraciones t\u00e9cnicas**\n\nEn este primer piloto del Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n, basado en un\nm\u00e9todo de muestreo probabil\u00edstico aleatorio, se encuest\u00f3 de forma telef\u00f3nica\na 383 hogares de personas de inter\u00e9s, representando un total de 1.563\npersonas dentro de los grupos familiares.\n\n\nLa muestra fue extra\u00edda de forma aleatoria de entre las alrededor\n302.000 personas que constan como activas en la base de datos que ACNUR\ny su socio HIAS comparten. Por tanto, los resultados son representativos para\ntoda la poblaci\u00f3n registrada en la base de datos, pero no a toda la poblaci\u00f3n\nde inter\u00e9s del ACNUR en Ecuador. Cabe se\u00f1alar, adem\u00e1s, que los resultados\nrecogen informaci\u00f3n a nivel nacional sin ning\u00fan tipo de estratificaci\u00f3n, por lo\nque los resultados no aceptan un an\u00e1lisis por nacionalidad de las personas\nencuestadas, localidad en la que residen o cualquier otra variable.\n\n\nA partir del enfoque multi-frame, el ACNUR intentar\u00e1 en los siguientes\nejercicios mejorar los niveles de estratificaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como alcanzar a\npoblaci\u00f3n invisibilizada y que no accede a los servicios de las organizaciones\nhumanitarias.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Introducci\u00f3n | Contexto general Introducci\u00f3n | Contexto general\n\n\n## CONTEXTO GENERAL\n\nEl 2020 fue un a\u00f1o dif\u00edcil en el Ecuador, como en el resto del planeta.\nLa pandemia de COVID-19 golpe\u00f3 duramente al pa\u00eds y trajo aparejadas una\nserie de medidas que tuvieron un fuerte impacto en la poblaci\u00f3n: restricciones\na la movilidad, cierre de fronteras, suspensi\u00f3n y/o digitalizaci\u00f3n de servicios\ndel Estado, cierre de escuelas y establecimiento de un sistema de educaci\u00f3n\na distancia, limitaci\u00f3n del uso del espacio p\u00fablico, suspensi\u00f3n temporal de\nactividades econ\u00f3micas, p\u00e9rdida masiva de puestos de trabajo, etc.\n\n\nLa pandemia de COVID lleg\u00f3 a agudizar la ya profunda crisis\necon\u00f3mica que atravesaba el pa\u00eds. A finales de a\u00f1o, el Banco Central del\nEcuador (2020) cifraba la ca\u00edda interanual del PIB en casi el 9% y la p\u00e9rdida de\n\n\n**Distribuci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n venezolana en Ecuador**\n\n\n\n\n\npuestos de trabajo alcanzaba casi los 600.000, de acuerdo con el Ministerio\ndel Trabajo (2020). Por su parte, el Fondo Monetario Internacional proyectaba\nun incremento de la pobreza del 10% para 2020, lo que equivale a 1,8 millones\nde personas. Es decir, una de cada tres personas en el Ecuador (37,6%) estar\u00eda\nen situaci\u00f3n de pobreza.\n\n\nA finales de 2020, en Ecuador se calculaban unas 417.000 personas\nvenezolanas (R4V, 2021) y 55.290 personas refugiadas, mayoritariamente\ncolombianas (98%) (MREMH, 2021). Si los efectos de la pandemia fueron\nseveros para todos los segmentos de la poblaci\u00f3n, las personas en\nsituaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana fueron particularmente impactadas. Antes\nde la pandemia ya enfrentaban serias dificultades y barreras para acceder a\nderechos y servicios: ten\u00edan dificultades para acceder a asilo, regularizaci\u00f3n\nmigratoria y documentaci\u00f3n; enfrentaban fuertes barreras para su inclusi\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Introducci\u00f3n | Contexto general Introducci\u00f3n | Contexto general\n\n\nm\u00e1s de la mitad de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana en el Ecuador trabajaba en el sector\ninformal antes de la pandemia-; enfrentaban graves dificultades para cubrir\nlas necesidades b\u00e1sicas as\u00ed como para acceder y permanecer en el sistema\neducativo; sufr\u00edan discriminaci\u00f3n y xenofobia; etc.\n\n\nLa emergencia sanitaria trajo consigo m\u00faltiples nuevos desaf\u00edos para\nlas personas en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana, tal como se destacaba en las\nConsultas Comunitarias a poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s (ACNUR, 2020). Las medidas\nde confinamiento tuvieron un enorme impacto en sus medios de vida,\nparalizando las actividades informales de generaci\u00f3n de ingreso familiar, y\ndisminuyendo sustancialmente las oportunidades de empleabilidad. Adem\u00e1s,\ncomplic\u00f3 todav\u00eda m\u00e1s cubrir las necesidades b\u00e1sicas de alimentaci\u00f3n, higiene\ny vivienda; hizo muy complejo el acceso a servicios del Estado por la falta de\nacceso a conectividad; y tuvo un fuerte impacto en t\u00e9rminos de salud mental\npor el confinamiento y la incertidumbre sobre el futuro.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s del Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n se espera poder seguir\nrecogiendo informaci\u00f3n sobre los impactos de la pandemia en la poblaci\u00f3n\nde inter\u00e9s, as\u00ed como sobre los riesgos y necesidades de protecci\u00f3n que\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador **4**\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Resultados | Perfil de los hogares encuestados Resultados | Perfil de los hogares encuestados\n\n\n## RESULTADOS DE LA ENCUESTA\n\n\n\nDentro del grupo de NNA, el grupo etario mayoritario es el de la\nprimera infancia (los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as entre 0 a 4 supon\u00edan el 42% del total). Los\nni\u00f1os y las ni\u00f1as entre 5 y 12 a\u00f1os eran el 37% y los y las adolescentes (entre\n14 y 17 a\u00f1os) apenas el 21%. As\u00ed, se puede deducir que el perfil mayoritario\nes el de familias j\u00f3venes, con hijos e hijas en edades tempranas (entre 0 y 12\na\u00f1os).\n\n\nEl 17% de las personas dentro de los grupos familiares presentaban\nalguna necesidad espec\u00edfica de protecci\u00f3n, siendo las m\u00e1s recurrentes:\npersonas con condiciones m\u00e9dicas cr\u00edticas o cr\u00f3nicas (6%), mujeres en\nlactancia (3%), madre o padre solo/a con hijos/as menores de edad (3%) y\npersonas con discapacidad (2%).\n\n\n\n**Necesidades espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n**\n\n\nMujer en lactancia\n\n\n\n**49**\n\n\n### PERFIL DE LOS HOGARES ENCUESTADOS\n\nDe las 383 personas que respondieron la encuesta, la gran mayor\u00eda\nfueron personas venezolanas (93%), mientras que un 6% colombianas. La\nencuesta fue respondida m\u00e1s por mujeres (63%) que por hombres (37%). En\nlo que respecta a la identificaci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica, 65% se consideran mestizos, 21%\nblancos o cauc\u00e1sicos, 9% afrodescendientes, 1% ind\u00edgenas y el 4% restante\nno estaba seguro o prefer\u00eda no decir. Del total de personas que respondieron,\nel 16% levaban menos de 1 a\u00f1o en el Ecuador, el 44% llevaban entre 1 y 2 a\u00f1os\ny el 40% llevaban m\u00e1s de 2 a\u00f1os.\n\n\nEn lo que respecta a la composici\u00f3n familiar, cada familia contaba con\nun promedio de 4 personas (en coincidencia con GTRM Ecuador, 2020), con\nmayor\u00eda de mujeres (54%) frente hombres (46%). Los adultos entre 18 y 59\na\u00f1os representan el 59% del total de miembros de la familia, mientras que los\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes el 39% y los adultos mayores, apenas el 2%.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\nCondici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica cr\u00f3nica\n\n(con tratamiento\n\n\n\n**43**\n\n\n\nCondici\u00f3n m\u00e9dica cr\u00f3nica\n\n(sin tratamiento\n\n\n\n**40**\n\n\n\nMadre/padre sola/o\n\ncon hijos/as\n\n\n\n**37**\n\n\n\n\n\n**24**\n\n\n\nPersonas adultas mayores\n\n\nMujer embarazada\n\nSobreviviente de\nviolencia o abuso\n\nNNA no acompa\u00f1ado/a\n\n - separado/a\n\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protecci\u00f3n legal | Desplazamiento e intenciones Protecci\u00f3n legal | Desplazamiento e intenciones\n\n### PROTECCI\u00d3N LEGAL\n#### **Desplazamiento e intenciones**\n\n\n\nEl desplazamiento de las personas de inter\u00e9s desde sus pa\u00edses de\norigen hasta el Ecuador presenta numerosos riesgos de protecci\u00f3n. Desde\nque salieron de sus pa\u00edses, la gran mayor\u00eda de personas encuestadas\nse\u00f1alaron haber utilizado el bus como principal medio de transporte (90%). Sin\nembargo, un 26% se\u00f1alaba haber realizado alg\u00fan tramo del viaje caminando\ny un 13% utiliz\u00f3 el autostop para cubrir partes del trayecto. Si esto se analiza\nen relaci\u00f3n con el tiempo que llevan las personas encuestadas en el pa\u00eds, se\naprecia que cuanto menos tiempo en el pa\u00eds, mayor es el n\u00famero de personas\nque caminan o hacen autostop. As\u00ed, de las personas que llevan medio a\u00f1o o\nmenos en el pa\u00eds, el 29% camin\u00f3 y el 18% hizo autostop para cubrir alguna\nparte o todo el trayecto.\n\n\n**Medio de desplazamiento seg\u00fan el tiempo de residencia en Ecuador**\n\n\n\nEl uso de estos mecanismos agrega mayores riesgos de protecci\u00f3n\na los que ya enfrentan las personas que se desplazan. En las Consultas\nComunitarias de diciembre, las personas reci\u00e9n llegadas mencionaban entre\nlos principales riesgos la presencia de grupos armados, la violencia basada\nen g\u00e9nero, la trata y tr\u00e1fico de personas, el reclutamiento de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, etc. A los que se suman los incidentes de protecci\u00f3n sufridos\npor las personas de inter\u00e9s, que se abordar\u00e1n m\u00e1s adelante pero que, durante\nel desplazamiento, incluyen robos, amenazas y maltrato f\u00edsico.\n\n\nEn lo que se refiere a las intenciones de permanencia o desplazamiento\nde las personas, una sustancial mayor\u00eda ten\u00eda intenciones de quedarse en\nEcuador pese a las dificultades que enfrentaban. As\u00ed, el 86% se\u00f1alaba tener\nintenci\u00f3n de quedarse, frente a 6% que dec\u00eda no tener claras sus intenciones\ny un 7% que dec\u00eda querer desplazarse. De estas \u00faltimas, el 40% quer\u00eda\nmudarse a otra localidad dentro de Ecuador, un 25% quer\u00eda ir a otro pa\u00eds\n(mayoritariamente a Chile), un 25% dec\u00eda querer regresar a su pa\u00eds de origen\ny un 7% no sab\u00eda bien a d\u00f3nde quer\u00eda ir.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|71.2|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|49.0
|49.0
||29.0
16.9
13.0
8.79
.0
3.1
un a\u00f1o o menos
m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o


|\n|49.0
||||\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protecci\u00f3n legal | Acceso al territorio Protecci\u00f3n legal | Acceso al territorio\n\n\n#### Acceso al territorio A trav\u00e9s de datos provistos por informantes clave y de encuestas\n\nen pasos fronterizos y terminales de bus, el Monitoreo de Fronteras de la\n\nLas facilidades para acceder a territorio ecuatoriano se han ido Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n R4V registr\u00f3 m\u00e1s de 11.000 ingresos al territorio\ncomplicando durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os para las personas de inter\u00e9s del ecuatoriano en apenas 4 meses (entre septiembre 2020 y enero de 2021), y\nACNUR, especialmente para las personas venezolanas. Hasta el 26 de se calcula que las cifras pueden ser mayores teniendo en cuenta el n\u00famero\nagosto de 2019, tanto las personas colombianas como venezolanas pod\u00edan de pasos fronterizos irregulares que no se logra cubrir.\n\n\n\nLas facilidades para acceder a territorio ecuatoriano se han ido\ncomplicando durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os para las personas de inter\u00e9s del\nACNUR, especialmente para las personas venezolanas. Hasta el 26 de\nagosto de 2019, tanto las personas colombianas como venezolanas pod\u00edan\ningresar al Ecuador con un documento de identidad de su pa\u00eds de origen y\npermanecer por unos meses con un permiso de turismo. Sin embargo, con\nla aprobaci\u00f3n del Decreto 826, el Ecuador comenz\u00f3 a exigir a las personas\nvenezolanas una visa para ingresar al territorio. Esto comenz\u00f3 a generar un\nflujo de personas tratando de ingresar al pa\u00eds por pasos irregulares, que se\nfueron abriendo a lo largo de las fronteras con Per\u00fa y Colombia.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa situaci\u00f3n empeor\u00f3 con la pandemia, pues el 8 de abril de 2020\nse decret\u00f3 un cierre de fronteras total, que lleva vigente desde entonces\ny dificulta tambi\u00e9n el acceso de personas colombianas. Sin embargo, estas\nmedidas no han frenado el flujo de desplazamiento. El n\u00famero de pasos\nirregulares ha aumentado y los grupos delincuenciales que los controlan ha\nido increment\u00e1ndose en ambas fronteras (El Universo, 2021), llegando hasta\nla militarizaci\u00f3n de la frontera sur a principios de 2020 (Primicias, 2020c).\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\nDe las personas encuestadas, el 71% declaraba haber ingresado de\nforma regular al pa\u00eds frente a un 27% que lo hab\u00eda hecho de forma irregular.\nSin embargo, existe una evidente relaci\u00f3n entre el tiempo de permanencia\nen el pa\u00eds y la forma de ingreso al territorio. As\u00ed, de las personas que llevan\nmenos de un a\u00f1o en Ecuador, el 68% ingres\u00f3 irregularmente, lo que da cuenta\nde las actuales dificultades de acceso al pa\u00eds.\n\n\n**Ingreso regular al pa\u00eds en relaci\u00f3n con el**\n\n**tiempo de residencia en Ecuador (%)**\n\n\n**Si**\n\n**No**\n\n|67.8
27.1|Col2|19.4|\n|---|---|---|\n|**27.1**
**67.8**|||\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n\nMenos de un a\u00f1o M\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o\n\n\nEn la encuesta se preguntaba a las personas si se les hab\u00eda negado\nla entrada, deportado u obligado a regresar. Un 6% se\u00f1alaba haber sufrido\nalguna de estas situaciones, 77% de las cuales se produjeron en Ecuador y\n23% en Colombia.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protecci\u00f3n legal | Acceso al asilo Protecci\u00f3n legal | Riesgos de retorno\n\n\n#### **Acceso al asilo**\n\nEn lo referente al proceso de solicitud de la condici\u00f3n de persona\nrefugiada, solamente el 18% de las personas encuestadas lo hab\u00edan solicitado.\nDe ellas, un 5% eran refugiados reconocidos en el Ecuador y un 5% estaban\n\n\n#### **Riesgos de retorno**\n\nPese a que la gran mayor\u00eda de las personas no solicita asilo en Ecuador,\nal ser preguntadas por los riesgos que ellas o sus familias enfrentar\u00edan en\ncaso de tener que retornar a su pa\u00eds de origen, encontramos resultados\ninteresantes. El 63% de las personas dijo estar de acuerdo o completamente\nde acuerdo con que enfrentar\u00edan riesgos. Aunque los principales son la falta\nde alimentos y acceso a trabajo digno, el 56% de las personas mencionaron\nriesgos claramente recogidos como causales de asilo en la Declaraci\u00f3n de\nCartagena de 1984 e, incluso, en la Convenci\u00f3n de Ginebra de 1951 (en azul\noscuro en el gr\u00e1fico). Entre \u00e9stas se encuentran riesgos asociados a la salud\n\n- el acceso a servicios m\u00e9dicos, la inseguridad, la violencia generalizada, las\namenazas directas, el miedo a la persecuci\u00f3n y el temor a grupos armados.\n\n\n**Riesgos en caso de retornar al pa\u00eds de origen**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi solicit\u00f3\n\n\nDel 82% que no hab\u00eda solicitado asilo, el 56% de las personas\nencuestadas no ten\u00edan pensado hacerlo, mientras que el 25% ten\u00edan\nintenciones, pero todav\u00eda no lo hab\u00edan hecho. Las principales razones de\nestos \u00faltimos para no haberlo hecho fueron: la falta de informaci\u00f3n (75%), la\nfalta de documentaci\u00f3n (35%), la falta de tiempo (13%) y el costo (12%).\n\n\nEstos resultados apuntan a un notorio desconocimiento de las\npersonas de inter\u00e9s sobre el sistema de asilo y el procedimiento para acceder\na la condici\u00f3n de persona refugiada, pues no se requiere documentaci\u00f3n y el\ntr\u00e1mite no tiene costo. Adem\u00e1s, coinciden con los resultados de las Consultas\nComunitarias de ACNUR de finales de 2020, en las que tambi\u00e9nse concluy\u00f3\nque existe un amplio desconocimiento sobre la figura del refugio, los procesos\nde acceso y los derechos que garantiza a las personas en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\nFalta de alimentos\n\nFalta de empleo\nFalta de acceso a salud\n\nInseguridad\nViolencia generalizada\nRiesgo de salud inminente\n\nAmenaza directa\nMiedo a grupo armado\n\nMiedo a persecuci\u00f3n\n\nRiesgo de extorsi\u00f3n\n\nOtras razones\nReclutamiento forzado\n\n\n\n20.3\n\n\n\nSi bien la informaci\u00f3n no es concluyente en este sentido, parece\nadivinarse una tendencia por la cual, pese a que los riesgos que enfrentar\u00edan\nlas personas en caso de verse forzadas a regresar a sus pa\u00edses de origen\npodr\u00edan ser causales de asilo, las personas no acceden a este derecho la falta\nde informaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protecci\u00f3n legal | Documentaci\u00f3n y regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria Protecci\u00f3n legal | Documentaci\u00f3n y regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria\n\n\n#### **Documentaci\u00f3n y regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria**\n\nAl consultar a las personas sobre la documentaci\u00f3n con la que\ncontaban al momento de la encuesta, la gran mayor\u00eda dec\u00eda tener alg\u00fan\ndocumento del pa\u00eds de origen: documento de identidad v\u00e1lido (57%) o\nexpirado (5%), pasaporte v\u00e1lido (17%) o expirado (13%) o partida de nacimiento\n(3%).\n\n\n\n**Estatus legal en Ecuador**\n\n\n\n\n\nRegular\n\nIrregular\n\n\n\n|C\u00e9dula vigente
57.3%|Reg.Nac.
2.9%|Otros
4.8%|\n|---|---|---|\n|**C\u00e9dula vigente**
** 57.3%**|Pasaporte Expirado
13.1%|Pasaporte Expirado
13.1%|\n|**C\u00e9dula vigente**
** 57.3%**|Pasaporte Vigente
16.5%|Pasaporte Vigente
16.5%|\n|**C\u00e9dula vigente**
** 57.3%**|C\u00e9dula expirada
5.4%|C\u00e9dula expirada
5.4%|\n\n\nSin embargo, pese a contar con alg\u00fan documento, la gran mayor\u00eda de\n\u00e9stos no permiten a las personas acceder a una alternativa de regularizaci\u00f3n\nmigratoria de acuerdo con la legislaci\u00f3n ecuatoriana. La \u00fanica excepci\u00f3n es la\nVisa de Excepci\u00f3n por Razones Humanitarias para Ciudadanos Venezolanos\n(VERHU), a la que se puede acceder con pasaporte vencido (m\u00e1ximo 5 a\u00f1os)\nadem\u00e1s de otros requisitos entre los que se incluye el desembolso de una\ntasa de 50 d\u00f3lares por visa emitida.\n\n\nDe acuerdo con los datos del Ministerio del Interior, hasta enero\nde 2021 se hab\u00edan emitido casi 218.000 visas a personas venezolanas en\nEcuador, de las cuales un 25% son visas VERHU. As\u00ed, de las 417.000 personas\nvenezolanas viviendo en Ecuador, alrededor del 48% estar\u00edan en situaci\u00f3n\nirregular.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\nFuente: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana\n\n\nCuando se les consultaba sobre su estatus migratorio en Ecuador,\nel 62% de las personas encuestadas se\u00f1alaba no contar con ninguna visa\n\n- permiso de residencia en el Ecuador, mientras que el 32% contaba con\nalg\u00fan permiso (visa VERHU, 14%; visa de residencia temporal, 10%; visa\nde residencia permanente, 3% visa de solicitante de asilo), un 2% estaba\npendiente de resoluci\u00f3n y un 4% prefer\u00eda no contar.\n\n\nLa discrepancia entre las cifras de la encuesta y el n\u00famero de visas\nemitidas por el Estado puede deberse al tama\u00f1o de la muestra, que en este\nprimer piloto no es suficiente para hacer inferencias a toda la poblaci\u00f3n. Sin\nembargo, cabe tambi\u00e9n considerar que, de las 218.000 visas emitidas, un\nn\u00famero significativo podr\u00eda haber vencido, no haberse renovado o suponer\nla emisi\u00f3n de una visa permanente a personas que ya contaban con visa\ntemporal anteriormente. As\u00ed, el porcentaje de personas en situaci\u00f3n irregular\nse presumir\u00eda superior al 48% se\u00f1alado.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protecci\u00f3n legal | Incidentes de protecci\u00f3n Protecci\u00f3n legal | Incidentes de protecci\u00f3n\n\n#### **Incidentes de protecci\u00f3n**\n\nEl 26% de las personas encuestadas sufrieron o fueron testigo de\nalg\u00fan incidente de protecci\u00f3n desde que salieron de su pa\u00eds de origen. Los\nincidentes m\u00e1s recurrentes son el robo (36%), la amenaza o intimidaci\u00f3n (17%),\nla amenaza de desalojo (11%) y el maltrato f\u00edsico o abuso (10%). La mayor\u00eda de\nlos incidentes se produjeron en el pa\u00eds actual (43%), en el pa\u00eds de origen (30%)\n\n- durante el desplazamiento (25%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Incidente de
protecci\u00f3n|En el pa\u00eds
de origen|Durante el
viaje|En el
Ecuador|TOTAL|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Asesinato|2|1|0|**3**|\n|Maltrato f\u00edsico|3|4|8|**15**|\n|Secuestro / rapto|1|1|0|**2**|\n|Explotaci\u00f3n laboral|0|0|12|**12**|\n|Amenaza|17|4|4|**25**|\n|Estafa|3|2|0|**5**|\n|Robo|8|24|18|**50**|\n|Desalojo|3|0|5|**8**|\n|Amenaza desalojo|2|0|13|**15**|\n|Deportaci\u00f3n|1|0|1|**2**|\n|Da\u00f1os a propiedad|3|0|0|**3**|\n|**TOTAL**|**43**|**36**|**61**|**140**|\n\n\nEstos datos encuentran correlaci\u00f3n con la informaci\u00f3n recogida por\nel GTRM Ecuador a trav\u00e9s del Monitoreo de Fronteras y Caracterizaci\u00f3n de\nFlujos (2021). A trav\u00e9s de esta herramienta de monitoreo, se identificaron\ncomo los principales riesgos los robos, la violencia de g\u00e9nero, los asaltos, la\nextorsi\u00f3n, las amenazas y el tr\u00e1fico y trata de personas. As\u00ed, las personas de\ninter\u00e9s enfrentan graves riesgos durante el desplazamiento, especialmente\nen un contexto de cierre de fronteras.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acceso a derechos | Salud Acceso a derechos | Salud\n\n\n\n**Tipo de casa de salud p\u00fablica**\n\n\nCentro de salud Hospital p\u00fablico Otro\n\n\n#### ACCESO A DERECHOS **Salud**\n\nEl acceso a salud de las personas en movilidad humana en Ecuador\nes bueno en t\u00e9rminos generales. Del total de personas encuestadas que\nnecesitaron atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica, el 93% dijo haber podido acceder a un centro\nm\u00e9dico y el 90% estuvo de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo en que recibi\u00f3 la\natenci\u00f3n requerida.\n\n\n**Ha requerido** **Recibi\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n**\n**atenci\u00f3n medica** **requerida**\n\n\n\nEn lo que respecta\nal tipo de servicios de salud\na los que las personas\nrecurren, la inmensa\nmayor\u00eda (97%) lo hace a\nservicios p\u00fablicos (centros\nde salud, 59% y hospitales,\n39%), frente a apenas un\n2% que acude a cl\u00ednicas o\ncentros de salud privados.\n\n\n\nPese al relativo buen acceso al sistema de sauld p\u00fablica, la crisis\nsanitaria y las medidas de austeridad que emprendi\u00f3 el gobierno tuvieron\nun fuerte impacto sobre el sistema de salud. Los pacientes COVID-19 fueron\npriorizados en centros de atenci\u00f3n primaria y colapsaron las unidades de\ncuidados intensivos de la mayor\u00eda de los hospitales (El Comercio, 2020), a lo\nque se sumaron despidos masivos de personal sanitario (Primicias, 2020a).\nEsto provoc\u00f3 la desatenci\u00f3n de pacientes con otras condiciones de salud.\nAs\u00ed, las personas encuestadas que no acudieron o recibieron los servicios\nde salud necesarios se\u00f1alan como principales barreras que se les neg\u00f3 el\nacceso, que el servicio no estaba disponible o que no ten\u00edan recursos para\ncubrir los costos.\n\n\n\nSi pero no\u00ed\n\n\n\n\n\nMuy de acuerdo\n\nDe acuerdo\n\nIndeciso\n\nEn desacuerdo\n\nMuy en desacuerdo\n\n\n\n\n\nNo necesito\u00b4\n\n\n\n\n|ico
4.8%
72.6%
22.6%
S\u00edi y fue al m\u00e9dico|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|ico
**Si y fue al m\u00e9dico**
**72.6%**
22.6%
4.8%
\u00ed||\n|ico
**Si y fue al m\u00e9dico**
**72.6%**
22.6%
4.8%
\u00ed||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acceso a derechos | Educaci\u00f3n Acceso a derechos | Educaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\nDurante el segundo trimestre de 2020, semanas despu\u00e9s de\ndeclararse la pandemia global por COVID-19, el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n\ndecidi\u00f3 clausurar todas las unidades educativas a nivel nacional, instaurando\nun modelo de educaci\u00f3n a distancia por medio de plataformas virtuales,\nradios y televisi\u00f3n, vigente hasta la publicaci\u00f3n de este informe. Esta situaci\u00f3n\ngener\u00f3 un fuerte impacto sobre las posibilidades de acceso a la educaci\u00f3n\nde los NNA en el pa\u00eds y particularmente de los NNA en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad\nhumana, que ya ten\u00edan dificultades para acceder al sistema educativo antes\nde la pandemia.\n\n\nDe acuerdo con el Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n, las principales\ndificultades que las familias en movilidad enfrentan son la falta de recursos\necon\u00f3micos (incluyendo la capacidad para contratar internet o adquirir\nequipos tecnol\u00f3gicos) y la falta de documentaci\u00f3n o requisitos para acceder\nal sistema educativo.\n\n\n**Principales razones por las que los NNA no acceden a educaci\u00f3n**\n**p** **p** **q**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Falta de documentos
19.5%|Otra
20.7%|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Falta de Recursos**
** 37.9%**|**Falta de Recursos**
** 37.9%**|**Falta de Recursos**
** 37.9%**|\n|**Falta de Recursos**
** 37.9%**|**Falta de cupo**
** 5.7%**|**Falta de cupo**
** 5.7%**|\n|**Falta de Recursos**
** 37.9%**|** Reci\u00e9n**
** llegado**
** 8.0%**|**Tarde para**
**inscribirse**
** 8.0%**|\n\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acceso a derechos | Educaci\u00f3n Acceso a derechos | Medios de vida\n\n\n\nforma virtual.\n\n\n\n\n\nSi\n\n\nNo\n\n\n\n74%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEsta es una problem\u00e1tica que no solamente afecta a los NNA eenn\nmovilidad. De acuerdo con un estudio de UNICEF (2020), dos tercios de los\nhogares en Ecuador no cuentan con una conexi\u00f3n Internet . En el caso de\nlas familias encuestadas en dicho estudio que ten\u00edan hijos matriculados en el\nsistema educativo, el 45% se\u00f1alaba tener dificultades o muchas dificultades\npara acceder a Internet cuando lo necesitaban.\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n#### **Medios de vida**\n\nSeg\u00fan un estudio del Banco Mundial (2020), antes de la pandemia,\nm\u00e1s de la mitad de las personas venezolanas que trabajaban lo hac\u00edan\nen el sector informal, 71% en un trabajo temporal y solo el 84% recibiendo\npor su trabajo el pago acordado; frente al 52% y 95% de las contrapartes\necuatorianas, respectivamente. Adem\u00e1s, los trabajadores venezolanos\ndedicaban al trabajo 5 horas m\u00e1s a la semana que los ecuatorianos, pero\nrecibiendo un pago entre el 41 y el 42 por ciento menor.\n\n\nUno de los principales problemas identificados durante el proceso\nde Consultas Comunitarias (2020) fue el acceso de las personas de inter\u00e9s\na medios de vida sostenible y a oportunidades de trabajo decente. Los\nproblemas de regularizaci\u00f3n y documentaci\u00f3n impiden el acceso a empleo\nformal y agrava las condiciones de explotaci\u00f3n laboral. La emergencia\nsanitaria, por su parte, afect\u00f3 severamente las fuentes de generaci\u00f3n de\ningresos de las personas dedicadas principalmente a emprendimientos de\nsubsistencia y a actividades informales.\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Acceso a derechos | Medios de vida Acceso a derechos | Medios de vida\n\n\n\nLas principales ocupaciones de las personas encuestadas en Ecuador\nfueron empleos informales (35%) y ventas callejeras (28%), mientras que\nun 19% se encontraba desempleada. Si se compara la situaci\u00f3n con la que\nten\u00edan en su pa\u00eds, las condiciones parecen haber empeorado. Mientras 1 de\ncada 3 personas ten\u00eda un empleo formal, trabajaba en el sector p\u00fablico o era\nestudiante en su pa\u00eds, en Ecuador estas ocupaciones alcanzan apenas el 6%.\n\n\n**Comparaci\u00f3n de la actividad profesional (pa\u00eds origen vs Ecuador)**\n\n\nEmpleo\ninformal\n\nEmpleo\ninformal\n\n\nOtro\nEmpleo\nformal\n\n\n\n\n - En su mayor\u00eda, sufrieron un retroceso en la formalidad de su situaci\u00f3n\nlaboral en comparaci\u00f3n con la que ten\u00edan en Venezuela. El 39,4% de\nlas personas encuestadas manifest\u00f3 haber tenido un empleo formal\nen Venezuela; mientras que en Ecuador solo el 8% declar\u00f3 tener un\nempleo formal. El 52% declar\u00f3 estar en b\u00fasqueda de empleo.\n\n\nAl consultarles sobre el promedio de d\u00edas trabajados y pagados por\nsemana durante el \u00faltimo mes, la distribuci\u00f3n es desigual. La mayor\u00eda pudieron\ntrabajar recibiendo alguna retribuci\u00f3n (27% entre 2 y 3 d\u00edas por semana; 30%\nentre 4 y 6 d\u00edas; y 29% todos los d\u00edas de la semana), mientras que un 13%\ntrabajaron 1 d\u00eda o menos o no pudieron trabajar. Esto supone que alrededor\nde 50% de familias encuestadas no pudieron generar ingresos para cubrir\nsus necesidades b\u00e1sicas en el \u00faltimo mes.\n\n\n\nEmpleo\n\nformal\n\n\n\nVentas\ncallejeras\n\n\nDesempleo\n\n\n\nEstos datos coinciden con los hallazgos de un estudio con m\u00e1s de\n2.000 personas venezolanas realizado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del\nTrabajo, con el apoyo t\u00e9cnico del ACNUR (OIT, 2020):\n\n\n - El 52% contaba con estudios superiores (20% con formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica,\n28% con formaci\u00f3n universitaria y 4% con posgrados). A la edad\npromedio de 36 a\u00f1os, la media contaba con una experiencia ganada de\n10 a\u00f1os, lo que revela una fuerza laboral de la que pudiera beneficiarse\n\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Integraci\u00f3n local**\n\nEn general, las personas de inter\u00e9s encuestas se sent\u00edan seguras en\nel barrio o comunidad donde residen y consideraban que tienen una buena\nrelaci\u00f3n con la poblaci\u00f3n local. Un 82% dec\u00edan sentirse seguras o muy seguras\nen su comunidad de acogida, frente a un 9% que dijo sentirse inseguro o muy\ninseguro y un 6% que est\u00e1 indeciso.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, el 64% de **Interacci\u00f3n con la poblaci\u00f3n local**\nlas personas encuestadas\n\nmuy negativa. Sin embargo,\nllama la atenci\u00f3n que casi la\n\napartadas socialmente en\nEcuador (48%). Neutral\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n46% de las personas se\u00f1alaron que estaban en desacuerdo o completamente\nen desacuerdo y un 5% dijeron sentirse indecisos. Sin embargo, casi la mitad\nde la poblaci\u00f3n dijo haberse sentido discriminada (45%). El principal motivo\nfue la nacionalidad, en un 86% de los casos; seguido por el hecho de ser\nmujer (6%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSe siento seguro donde vive\n\n\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Necesidades b\u00e1sicas | Prioridades Necesidades b\u00e1sicas | Seguridad alimentaria\n\n\n#### NECESIDADES B\u00c1SICAS\n\nEl acceso a necesidades b\u00e1sicas es una de las principales\npreocupaciones de las personas en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad humana en Ecuador.\nAl preguntarles por aquellas que son m\u00e1s prioritarias o urgentes, el 75% de las\npersonas encuestadas respondi\u00f3 \u201cCubrir las necesidades m\u00e1s b\u00e1sicas para\nla supervivencia de la familia\u201d. El acceso a empleo y servicios (educaci\u00f3n,\nsalud, etc.) fue la segunda prioridad (17%) y el acceso a documentaci\u00f3n y\nregularizaci\u00f3n la tercera (6%). Apenas un 1,6% de los hogares encuestados\nse\u00f1al\u00f3 haber podido cubrir sus necesidades.\n\n\n\neco en las preocupantes respuestas\nen materia de seguridad alimentaria.\nEn la Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de\nNecesidades llevada a cabo por el\nGTRM Ecuador (2020), un 61% de las\npersonas entrevistadas manifestaron\nya en julio-agosto de 2020 que\nhab\u00edan tenido acceso parcial a\nalimentos. Este porcentaje coincide\ncon los resultados del Monitoreo\nde Protecci\u00f3n, en el que 6 de cada 3 comidas o mas 2 comidas o menos\n\n10 familias en movilidad humana se\u00f1alaron tener acceso a dos comidas\ndiarias o menos. Es decir, apenas el 39% tendr\u00eda garantizadas tres comidas al\nd\u00eda. Adem\u00e1s, el 43% de las personas encuestadas no contaba con suficiente\nacceso al agua potable. Esto podr\u00eda indicar una situaci\u00f3n presistente de\ninseguridad alimentaria.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Necesidades b\u00e1sicas | Vivienda y habitabilidad Necesidades b\u00e1sicas | Mecanismos de afrontamiento\n\n\n##### **Vivienda y habitabilidad**\n\nResultan tambi\u00e9n preocupantes las condiciones de habitabilidad\nde las personas de inter\u00e9s. Si bien el 64% de las personas encuestadas\nresid\u00eda en un apartamento o casa de alquiler, el otro 36% se encontraba en\nunas condiciones de habitabilidad inadecuadas: toda la familia en una sola\nhabitaci\u00f3n (21%), compartiendo con otras familias (9%), o en alojamientos\npagados por d\u00eda (3%).\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, el 33% no contaba con acceso a un ba\u00f1o privado y deb\u00eda\ncompartirlo con otras familias (30%) o con desconocidos (3%), con los riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n y salud que ello conlleva. El acceso a la electricidad durante\ntodo el d\u00eda es generalizado (98%), sin embargo, el acceso a conectividad,\nnecesaria en tiempos de pandemia para la realizaci\u00f3n de m\u00faltiples tr\u00e1mites\ny para el acceso a educaci\u00f3n de NNA, es limitada. El 37% de las personas\nencuestadas se\u00f1al\u00f3 tener dificultades o muchas dificultades para acceder a\ninternet cuando lo necesita.\n\n\n##### **Mecanismos de afrontamiento**\n\nFinalmente, se consult\u00f3 a las personas sobre las alternativas que\nten\u00edan para enfrentar su situaci\u00f3n. Como se\u00f1alado, el acceso a necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas fue la principal prioridad de las personas encuestadas y, en los\ncasos en los que no se alcanza a cubrirlas, las personas se\u00f1alaban recurrir\na diversos mecanismos de afrontamiento negativos. Durante los \u00faltimos 3\nmeses de 2020, del total de personas encuestadas, el 69% debi\u00f3 reducir la\ncantidad de alimentos consumidos, el 53% tuvo que limitar el consumo de\nalimentos entre adultos para dar a los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, el 48% tuvo que pedir\nprestado para comprar bienes de primera necesidad, el 45% tuvo que dejar\nde pagar el arriendo por varios meses y arriesg\u00e1ndose a ser desalojado, el\n37% debi\u00f3 buscar ayuda en las agencias humanitarias, entre otras.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAdecuada\n\n\n\nLimitar consumo Pedir prestado Dejar de pagar Buscar ayuda\nde alimentos entre arriendo en agencias\nadultos humanitarias\n\nNo adecuada\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Bibliograf\u00eda Cr\u00e9ditos\n\n\n#### BIBLIOGRAF\u00cdA\n\n\n - BANCO CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR (2020). La econom\u00eda ecuatoriana se recuperar\u00e1 3.1% en 2021.\nRecuperado de: https://www.bce.fn.ec/index.php/boletines-de-prensa-archivo/item/1394-la-economia-ecuatoriana-se-recuperara-3-1-en-2021\n\n\n - BANCO MUNDIAL (2020). Retos y oportunidades de la migraci\u00f3n venezolana en Ecuador. Quito,\nEcuador. Recuperado de: http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/453941593004490155/pdf/\nRetos-y-Oportunidades-de-la-Migracion-Venezolana-en-Ecuador.pdf\n\n\n - EL COMERCIO (29 de diciembre de 2020). Unidades de cuidados intensivos en Ecuador siguen casi\na tope; Salud pide prevenir colapso en enero. Recuperado de: https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/uci-ecuador-prevencion-colapso-covid19.html\n\n\n - EL UNIVERSO (18 de enero de 2021). Unas 100 rutas irregulares se abren paso en la frontera\na prop\u00f3sito de la pandemia del COVID-19. Recuperado de: https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2021/01/17/nota/9592615/100-rutas-irregulares-se-abren-paso-frontera-proposito-pandemia/\n\n\n - GTRM Ecuador (2020). Ecuador: Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades, julio-agosto 2020. Recuperado de: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/JNA2%20-%20GTRM%20Ecuador.pdf\n\n\n - MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y MOVILIDAD HUMANA (2021). Hist\u00f3rico de refugiados\nreconocidos. Recuperado de: https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/hstorico-de-refugiados.pdf\n\n\n - MINISTERIO DEL TRABAJO ECUADOR (2020). Indicadores laborales. Recuperado de: https://www.\ntrabajo.gob.ec/cifras-31-de-dicimbre/\n\n\n - PRIMICIAS (5 de agosto de 2020). Paradoja del Gobierno: cientos de m\u00e9dicos echados y otros\ncientos contratados. Recuperado de: https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/sociedad/despidos-sector-salud-contradicen-ley-humanitaria/\n\n\n - PRIMICIAS (8 de octubre de 2020). FMI: urge protecci\u00f3n social ante el incremento de la pobreza en\nEcuador. Recuperado de: https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/economia/acuerdo-fmi-hogares-pobreza-pandemia-ecuador/\n\n\n - PRIMICIAS (1 de febrero de 2021). Militarizaci\u00f3n fronteriza en Per\u00fa amenaza con nueva crisis migratoria en Ecuador. Recuperado de: https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/sociedad/militarizacion-frontera-peru-crisis-migratoria-ecuador/\n\n\n - OIT (2020). Sectores econ\u00f3micos con potencial para la inclusi\u00f3n laboral de migrantes y refugiados\nvenezolanos en Quito y Guayaquil. Recuperado de: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_759355.pdf\n\n\n - R4V (2021). Plataforma de Coordinaci\u00f3n para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela: Saldo total en\nEcuador. Recuperado de: https://r4v.info/es/situations/platform/location/7512\n\n\n - UNICEF (2020). Educaci\u00f3n en pausa. Una generaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe\nest\u00e1 perdiendo la esolarizaci\u00f3n debido al COVID-19. Recuperado de: https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/18741/fle/Educacion-en-pausa-web-1107-2.pdf\n\n\n\n\n\nMonitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n - Ecuador **18**\nInforme de resultados\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/50bdcb53-7d61-3277-9291-fe702939e96e/Monitoreo%20de%20Protecci%C3%83%C2%B3n.%20Informe%20de%20resultados%20%28Q4%202020%29%20-%20ACNUR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_492/raw/doc_492_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_492/raw/doc_492_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 14f84178e118e04100410345e7306361e8c526fa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_492/raw/doc_492_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### PANAM\u00c1\n\nJUNIO \u2013 DICIEMBRE 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **MONITOREO DE** **PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n## **PANAM\u00c1**\n\nJUNIO \u2013 DICIEMBRE 2019\n\n\nINDICE\n\n\nContexto **.** ..........................................................................................................................................................................3\n\n\nMetodolog\u00eda **.** ...................................................................................................................................................................3\n\n\nPoblaci\u00f3n encuestada..................................................................................................................................................5\n\n\nEstatus legal.....................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\nIncidentes **.** ........................................................................................................................................................................7\n\n\nCaracter\u00edsticas del movimiento **.** ...............................................................................................................................8\n\n\nEmpleo...............................................................................................................................................................................9\n\n\nSalud................................................................................................................................................................................ 10\n\n\nVivienda.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10\n\n\nEducaci\u00f3n **.** ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10\n\n\nEstrategias de afrontamiento **.** ................................................................................................................................ 12\n\n\nPercepci\u00f3n de seguridad y discriminaci\u00f3n........................................................................................................ 12\n\n\nIntenciones.................................................................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\nNecesidades prioritarias........................................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\nRazones de salida de pa\u00eds de origen y riesgos al retorno............................................................................. 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CONTEXTO\n\nPanam\u00e1 es un pa\u00eds de asilo, as\u00ed como un pa\u00eds de\ntr\u00e1nsito para refugiados y personas que se desplazan\nen movimientos mixtos desde Asia, \u00c1frica y la\nregi\u00f3n del Caribe. Panam\u00e1 acoge 2.467 refugiados\nreconocidos formalmente por el gobierno paname\u00f1o\ndesde 1990. Adicionalmente, a diciembre de 2019,\n17.048 solicitudes de asilo est\u00e1n pendientes de\nresoluci\u00f3n.\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n refugiada reconocida est\u00e1 compuesta\nprincipalmente por colombianos, nicarag\u00fcenses,\nvenezolanos, cubanos y personas del norte de pa\u00edses\ncentroamericanos (principalmente El Salvador).\n\nLas estad\u00edsticas de la Oficina Nacional para la\nAtenci\u00f3n de los Refugiados (ONPAR) indican que\nse han recibido un total de 28.366 solicitudes entre\njunio de 2014 y diciembre de 2019. La poblaci\u00f3n\nsolicitante de asilo est\u00e1 compuesta principalmente\npor nicarag\u00fcenses, venezolanos, cubanos y personas\n\n\nMETODOLOG\u00cdA\n\nEl Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas es una\niniciativa del ACNUR para generar una narrativa s\u00f3lida\nregional de protecci\u00f3n. A trav\u00e9s de la recolecci\u00f3n\nde informaci\u00f3n con este herramienta, se pretende\nobtener una visi\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n, las\nnecesidades y los mecanismos de adaptaci\u00f3n de\nlas personas que se han visto obligadas a salir de\nsus pa\u00edses de origen. El an\u00e1lisis de esta informaci\u00f3n\npermitir\u00e1 promover intervenciones de protecci\u00f3n\nbasadas en evidencia, y fortalecer la identificaci\u00f3n\nactiva de las personas con necesidades espec\u00edficas.\nLos datos a continuaci\u00f3n cubren el per\u00edodo del 11\nde junio al 31 de diciembre de 2019 y han permitido\nidentificar los incidentes de protecci\u00f3n, necesidades\nprioritarias, intenciones a futuro y potenciales riesgos\nde retorno a pa\u00eds de origen.\n\nEn Panam\u00e1 el monitoreo es realizado por el ACNUR\ny el Consejo Noruego para Refugiados (NRC).\nLas encuestas fueron realizadas en la Oficina\nNacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de Refugiados (ONPAR),\nla Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, la Cruz Roja Paname\u00f1a,\nel Consejo Noruego para Refugiados, durante las\nactividades comunitarias, y durante misiones a las\nprovincias de Panam\u00e1 Oeste, Los Santos, Herrera,\nChiriqu\u00ed y Dari\u00e9n.\n\n\n\ndel norte de Centroam\u00e9rica (Guatemala, Honduras y\nEl Salvador). Particularmente durante el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o,\nel n\u00famero de solicitudes de asilo de Nicaragua ha\ncrecido considerablemente, convirti\u00e9ndolos hasta el\nmomento en la principal nacionalidad solicitando asilo\nen Panam\u00e1 en 2019.\n\nEn julio de 2017, Panam\u00e1 se adhiri\u00f3 al Marco Regional\nIntegral de Protecci\u00f3n y Soluciones (MIRPS) a trav\u00e9s\ndel cual se elabor\u00f3 un plan de acci\u00f3n nacional\nbasado en un proceso de consulta, contando con la\nparticipaci\u00f3n de las autoridades nacionales, sector\nprivado y la sociedad civil. El plan de acci\u00f3n tiene\npor objeto fortalecer el sistema de asilo, as\u00ed como\nmejorar la integraci\u00f3n local de los solicitantes de\nasilo y los refugiados en el pa\u00eds. A partir de julio de\n2019, un nuevo gobierno asumi\u00f3 la administraci\u00f3n de\nPanam\u00e1, por lo que el pa\u00eds ha estado en un proceso\nde transici\u00f3n gubernamental.\n\n\nLugar de monitoreo por provincia\n\n\n\nPanam\u00e1\n\nPanam\u00e1 Oeste\n\nLos Santos\n\nHerrera\n\nChiriqui\n\nDari\u00e9n\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_El documento a continuaci\u00f3n muestra el an\u00e1lisis_\n_basado en entrevistas individuales y de hogares,_\n_realizadas a un n\u00famero limitado de personas. La_\n_informaci\u00f3n presentada no es estad\u00edsticamente_\n_representativa._\n\n\n\nCover photo: Diana Diaz \u00a9 UNHCR/\nPANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18 a 59 a\u00f1os\n\n\n12 a 17 a\u00f1os\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nen el sector de educaci\u00f3n o salud, 9% estaba\nestudiando y un 8% trabajaba como independiente.\n\n\nPANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ESTATUS LEGAL**\n\nTIPO DE PERMISO DE RESIDENCIA O VISA\n\n\n\n25% de las personas entrevistadas indic\u00f3 tener un\npermiso o visa por turismo. Al ingresar a Panam\u00e1,\nel Servicio Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n otorga permisos\nde estad\u00eda en el territorio por motivos de turismo,\npor t\u00e9rmino de uno a seis meses dependiendo de\nla nacionalidad de la persona. Una vez expirado el\ntiempo del permiso o visa de turismo, y si la persona\nha solicitado la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, entrar\u00eda\na la categor\u00eda migratoria de \u201cextranjeros bajo la\nprotecci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1; 47% de las\npersonas encuestadas se encontraba bajo este\nestatus.\n\n\n\nExtranjeros bajo la protecci\u00f3n de la\n\nRep. de Panam\u00e1\n\n\n\n47%\n\n\n\nPermiso o visa de turismo\n\n\nNinguno\n\n\nPermiso humanitario\n\n\nPermiso o visa de residencia temporal\n\n\nResidencia permanente\n\n\nOtro\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nASILO Y PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL\n\n\u00bfHa solicitado asilo o refugio en Panam\u00e1? \u00bfPlanea usted solicitar asilo?\n\n\nSi, en este pais\n\n\n\n22\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\nNo sabe / no lo\n\nha decidido\n\nNo\n\n\nSi, en otro pais\n\n\n\n\n\nNo he solicitado\n\nS\u00ed, pero abandon\u00e9 mi solicitud\n\nS\u00ed, pero mi solicitud fue rechazada\n\nS\u00ed, soy refugiado(a) reconocido(a)\n\nS\u00ed, soy solicitante de asilo (pendiente de decisi\u00f3n)\n\n\n\nEl contexto y los lugares en donde se realizaron\nlas entrevistas proporcionaron datos positivos en\ncuanto al acceso al procedimiento de la condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado en Panam\u00e1, ya que el 80% de los\nentrevistados ya hab\u00edan presentado solicitud para\nel reconocimiento de este estatus.\n\nDe las personas que no han solicitado la condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado, el 56% s\u00ed tiene la intenci\u00f3n de\nacogerse a la protecci\u00f3n del Estado Paname\u00f1o y\nla principal raz\u00f3n se\u00f1alada por las que au\u0301n no han\nsolicitado fue: \u201cpor falta de informacio\u0301n sobre el\nprocedimiento\u201d.\n\n\n\nDOCUMENTACI\u00d3N CON LA QUE CUENTAN\n\n\n\nLa mayor\u00eda de las personas cuenta con un pasaporte\nv\u00e1lido (91%) y c\u00e9dula de identidad de su pa\u00eds de\norigen (88%) como documentaci\u00f3n oficial. S\u00f3lo\nun 45% tiene consigo su certificado o partida de\nnacimiento.\n\n\n6 PANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\n\u00bfTiene pasaporte?\n\n**S\u00ed** 91% **No** 9%\n\n\n\u00bfTiene c\u00e9dula de identidad?\n\n**S\u00ed** 88% **No** 12%\n\n\n\u00bfTiene certificado de nacimiento?\n\n**S\u00ed** 45% **No** 55%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INCIDENTES**\n\n**389 incidentes de seguridad principalmente en**\n**el pa\u00eds de origen,** reportados por el 59% de las\npersonas entrevistadas o por miembros de su familia,\ntales como intimidaci\u00f3n o amenaza, violencia f\u00edsica,\nrobo y/o hurto, asesinato, extorsi\u00f3n, arresto arbitrario,\ntortura y secuestro, por parte de agentes del Estado,\nparaestatales y grupos criminales. Varias personas\nmencionaron que los incidentes reportados los\nobligaron a tomar la decisi\u00f3n de salir de su pa\u00eds de\norigen.\n\n\n\nIntimidaci\u00f3n o amenaza\nViolencia f\u00edsica\n\nRobo y/o hurto\nAsesinato\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\nTipos de incidentes en pa\u00eds de origen (5 principales)\n\n\n\n\n##### 389\n\nincidentes en\npa\u00eds de origen\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTrato inhumano y degradante\n\n\n\nTipos de incidentes en Panam\u00e1 (5 principales)\n\n\n\n**70 incidentes de seguridad fueron reportados**\n**en Panam\u00e1,** casi todos relacionados con hurto de\ncarteras en las calles los cuales, tambi\u00e9n fueron\nacompa\u00f1ados, en ocasiones, de amenazas o violencia\nf\u00edsica. Algunos tambi\u00e9n reportaron incidentes de\nextorsi\u00f3n para evitar ser retenidos durante operativos\nde la polic\u00eda o migraci\u00f3n por temas relacionados con\nfalta de documentaci\u00f3n id\u00f3nea.\n\n\n\nIntimidaci\u00f3n o amenaza\nRobo y/o hurto\nViolencia f\u00edsica\nExtorsi\u00f3n\n\nArresto arbitrario y/o detenci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n4%\n4%\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CARACTER\u00cdSTICAS DEL MOVIMIENTO**\n\nACCESO AL TERRITORIO\n\n\n\nEl **81%** de las personas entrevistadas informaron\nhaber ingresado de manera regular a Panam\u00e1\npor un puesto fronterizo oficial, de las cuales el\n71% ingres\u00f3 por v\u00eda a\u00e9rea, en su mayor\u00eda por el\nAeropuerto Internacional de Tocumen. El resto (29%)\ningres\u00f3 por v\u00eda terrestre, por la frontera con Costa\nRica y Colombia, utilizando autob\u00fas como medio\nde transporte principal durante la mayor\u00eda de los\ntrayectos. De las personas que ingresaron de manera\nirregular, el 15% indicaron como principales motivos\ntemor a ser deportados o detenidos y por falta de\ndocumentos.\n\nEl 13% manifest\u00f3 que tuvo que pagar para poder\ncruzar la frontera, de los cuales, el 58% pag\u00f3\ndirectamente una persona que ofrec\u00eda este tipo de\nservicio y un 27% pag\u00f3 a un amigo (a) o conocido\npara poder pagar a una persona que lo ayudara a\ncruzar la frontera, y el porcentaje restante pag\u00f3 a un\namigo (a) o conocido en otro pa\u00eds.\n\n\nCOMPOSICI\u00d3N FAMILIAR\n\nEl 79% de los entrevistados que ingresaron a Panam\u00e1\nse\u00f1alaron que hubo un cambio en la composici\u00f3n del\ngrupo familiar como resultado del desplazamiento.\nVarios de sus familiares se quedaron en sus pa\u00edses\nde origen (76%), o con anterioridad ya se hab\u00edan\ntrasladado a otro pa\u00eds (7%). 5% afirma que familiares\nse quedaron en otro pa\u00eds durante la ruta. Hasta ahora,\ny con base a la informaci\u00f3n recolectada, se ha podido\nobservar que existe la tendencia de que el miembro\nde la familia con mayor necesidad de protecci\u00f3n huye\nprimero y el resto del grupo familiar se queda en el\npa\u00eds de origen. Las razones por las cuales las familias\nse separan son, principalmente, falta de recursos\necon\u00f3micos para huir juntos (34%), tener trabajo\n\n - estar estudiando (25%) o tener que cuidar sus\npropiedades (14%).\n\n\nACCESO A INFORMACI\u00d3N\n\nEl 66% de las personas manifest\u00f3 que habl\u00f3 con otros\nconnacionales que ya viven en Panam\u00e1, principalmente,\npara obtener informaci\u00f3n sobre el viaje, a trav\u00e9s de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n por celular. Pocas personas especificaron\nel uso de una aplicaci\u00f3n en particular.\n\n\n8 PANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\n\u00bfEntr\u00f3 en el pa\u00eds de manera regular?\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 81% **No** 19%\n\n\nPrincipal medio de transporte empleado\n\n\nAuto; 2%\n\n\n\n\n\nCaminando; 2%\n\n\nBarco; 2%\n\n\nBus; 26%\n\n\n\nCambio del tama\u00f1o de la familia debido al desplazamiento\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 79% **No** 21%\n\n\n\u00bfJunto a qui\u00e9n realiz\u00f3 el viaje?\n\n\n\nSolo(a)\n\n\nViaj\u00f3 \u00fanicamente con su grupo familiar\n\n\nCon otras personas o grupos\n\n\nEn grandes grupos (caravanas)\n\n\n\n\n\n57%\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 fuente de informaci\u00f3n emple\u00f3 para el viaje?*\n\n\n\nHablar con conacionales\n\nP\u00e1ginas de internet\n\nWhatsapp\n\nFacebook\n\nNinguno\n\nIglesia\n\nTelevisi\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n66%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* Pregunta de respuesta m\u00faltiple; el total de porcentaje puede superar 100%_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TIEMPO EN PANAM\u00c1\n\nSe observa una disminuci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n (principalmente\nsolicitante de asilo) con un a\u00f1o de estancia en el pa\u00eds.\nEsto se debe, principalmente, a que muchas personas\noptaron por someterse a los procesos migratorios\nextraordinarios, tambi\u00e9n conocidos como \"Crisol de\nRazas\", habilitados a partir del mes de mayo a julio de\n2018 a fin de poder regularizar su situaci\u00f3n migratoria\nde manera m\u00e1s expedita. Esta situaci\u00f3n provoc\u00f3 que\nmuchos solicitantes decidieran abandonar o renunciar al\nproceso de solicitud de reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado.\n\n\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n\n**Crisol de Razas**\n\n\n\n\n\n0 a 2 meses 3 a 12 meses 12 a 24 meses m\u00e1s de 24 meses\n\n\n\nESTRATEGIAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO DURANTE LA RUTA\n\n\n\nUsar el ahorro\n\n\nReducci\u00f3n en la cantidad o calidad de los alimentos consumidos\n\n\nApoyo familiar\n\n\nPedir prestado dinero para comprar alimentos o bienes b\u00e1sicos\n\n\nReducir el gasto en art\u00edculos no esenciales (eg. Higiene)\n\n\nTrabajar por comida, alojamiento y otras cosas\n\n\nVender propiedad u objetos de valor\n\n\nLimitar el consumo de comida entre los adultos y priorizar los ni\u00f1os o ni\u00f1as\n\n\nRecibir donaciones de otros\n\n\nBuscar la ayuda de agencias humanitarias u ONGs\n#### **EMPLEO**\n\nSITUACI\u00d3N LABORAL\n\nEl 64% de las personas entrevistadas se encontraba\nlaborando de manera informal y el **24% en situaci\u00f3n**\n**de desempleo** . El 94% de las personas afirm\u00f3 no\ncontar con un contrato laboral.\n\n\nDesempleado(a)\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### 470 $\n\nGasto promedio\n\nmensual\n\n\nCONDICIONES LABORALES\n\nLas personas que cuentan con un empleo laboran\nocasionalmente, de 1 a 3 d\u00edas por semana (50% labora\nmenos de 20 horas) o trabajan pr\u00e1cticamente todos\nlos d\u00edas, por m\u00e1s de 8 horas diarias (24% entre 40\ny 60 horas) con un salario por debajo del m\u00ednimo [1],\nexponi\u00e9ndose a posibles riesgos de explotaci\u00f3n\nlaboral.\n\n\n1 El salario m\u00ednimo mensual por servicio dom\u00e9stico es de $275 d\u00f3lares establecido en el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 75, de 26 de\ndiciembre de 2017. Disponible en: https://www.mitradel.gob.pa/salario-minimo/\n\n\nPANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N 9\n\n\n\nEmpleado(a) informal (otros)\n\nServicio domestico\n\nCuidado del hogar (propia casa)\n\nVentas callejeras o en la casa\n\nProfesional independiente\n\nOtro\n\nTrabajador(a) del sector de ventas\n\nEstudiante\n\nAgricultor(a) / jornalero(a)\n\nPropietario(a) de negocio\n\nConductor(a)\n\nTrabajador(a) en educaci\u00f3n /\u2026\n\nEmpleado(a) formal (otros)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **SALUD**\n\nACCESO A LA ATENCI\u00d3N M\u00c9DICA EN PANAM\u00c1\n\n\n\n38% de los entrevistados ha tenido alg\u00fan problema\nde salud que ha requerido atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica. De estos,\nel 85% acudi\u00f3 a un hospital o centro de salud p\u00fablico,\ny en su mayor\u00eda (86%) recibi\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n.\nOBST\u00c1CULOS PARA ACCEDER A\n\n\u00bfTuvo un problema de salud desde su llegada?\n\nLA ATENCI\u00d3N M\u00c9DICA\n\n\n\n\u00bfTuvo un problema de salud desde su llegada?\n\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 38% **No** 62%\n\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 85% **No** 15%\n\n\n\u00bfRecibi\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n adecuada?\n\n**S\u00ed** 86% **No** 14%\n\n#### **VIVIENDA**\n\nTIPO DE VIVIENDA\n\nEl 65% de los entrevistados est\u00e1 alquilando un\ndepartamento, una casa o una habitaci\u00f3n, y el 99%\nde las viviendas cuentan con acceso a electricidad y\nagua.\n\n\n\nAlquiler de apartamento o\n\nhabitaci\u00f3n\n\n\nAlojado(a) o Hu\u00e9sped\n\n\nPropiedad (apartamento o casa)\n\n\nAlojamiento grupal (albergue o\n\ncentro de recepci\u00f3n)\n\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\nLos principales obst\u00e1culos que la mayor\u00eda de las\npersonas manifestaron haber encontrado para\nacceder a la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica fueron; que no tuvieron\nlos recursos para cubrir los gastos m\u00e9dicos, la\natenci\u00f3n del personal m\u00e9dico no es adecuada, los\ncentros de salud no ttuvieron suficiente personal\npara atender a la demanda tan grande que requiere\nservicios de salud. Algunos de los entrevistados\nmanifestaron sentirse discriminados por ser\nextranjeros.\n\n\nCONDICIONES DE LA VIVIENDA\n\nEl 48% de las familias comparten una sola habitaci\u00f3n,\nun 28% tiene 2 habitaciones y s\u00f3lo un 12% cuenta con\n3 o m\u00e1s habitaciones. El 64% de las personas cuenta\ncon un ba\u00f1o de uso exclusivo para su familia y un 36%\ntiene que compartirlo con otras personas o familias.\nEstas condiciones de hacinamiento podr\u00edan implicar\nriesgos de seguridad y salud para los miembros de la\nfamilia (especialmente para mujeres, NNA y personas\nmayores).\n\n\nOBST\u00c1CULOS PARA CONSEGUIR\nLA VIVIENDA\n\nAdem\u00e1s, un 41% manifest\u00f3 que enfrent\u00f3 obst\u00e1culos\npara poder encontrar una vivienda, principalmente por\nfalta de recursos y rechazo por ser extranjero.\n\n\nAlgunos de los j\u00f3venes entrevistados tienen\ndeseos de poder continuar y concluir sus estudios\nuniversitarios. No obstante, consideran que podr\u00edan\nenfrentar ciertas barreras para ingresar al sistema\neducativo porque los requisitos requeridos pueden\ndificultar la inscripci\u00f3n y continuaci\u00f3n de estudios\n(certificaciones de estudio, constancias, boletines u\notros documentos de soporte apostillados).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\npromedio\n\n\n#### **EDUCACI\u00d3N**\n\nEl 85% de los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes que se\nencuentran en Panam\u00e1 est\u00e1n asistiendo a la escuela.\nEl 15% restante, argumenta como principales razons;\nfalta de recursos econ\u00f3micos (25%), el 15% por falta\nde documentaci\u00f3n, y el 5% por falta de cupo en los\ncentros educativos, entre otras.\n\n\n10 PANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **ESTRATEGIAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO**\n\n\n\nLas personas han tenido que implementar diversas\nestrategias para poder cubrir las necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas y gastos en el pa\u00eds. Principalmente se\u00f1alaron\nque han tenido que **reducir la cantidad y la**\n**calidad de los alimentos que consumen** . Varios\nmencionaron que han tenido que alimentarse a base\nde granos y legumbres por varias semanas para que\ntodos los miembros de la familia pudieran comer, as\u00ed\ncomo muchas veces priorizaron los alimentos para\nlos ni\u00f1os o ni\u00f1as. Tambi\u00e9n han reducido al m\u00ednimo el\ngasto en art\u00edculos no esenciales como en art\u00edculos\nde higiene, ropa y actividades de esparcimiento.\n\n\nReducci\u00f3n en la cantidad o calidad de los alimentos\n\nReducir el gasto en art\u00edculo no esenciales (ej. Higiene)\n\nPedir prestado dinero para comprar alimentos\n\n\n\nEn varias ocasiones han tenido que pedir prestado\ndinero a sus vecinos, amigos o familiares para\ncomprar alimentos y bienes b\u00e1sicos o han tenido\nque solicitar ayuda a las agencias humanitarias o\nrecibir donaciones de la comunidad u organizaciones\nreligiosas.\n\nUn **55% de las personas tiene acceso \u00fanicamente**\n**a 2 o 1 comida al d\u00eda** y el 44% s\u00ed accede a las 3\ncomidas diarias. Sin embargo, se\u00f1alan que el\nconsumo de alimentos al que pueden acceder\ndepende del ingreso mensual y de su variabilidad.\n\n\n42%\n\n\n\n\n\nUsar el ahoro\n\nLimitar el consumo de comida entre los adultos\n\nTrabajar para comida, alojamiento y otras cosas\n\nApoyo familiar\n\nBuscar la ayuda de agencias humanitarias u ONGs\n\nNinguno de estos\n\nNo pagar la renta por varios meses\n\nMudarse a otro apartamento m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mico\n\nVender propiedad u objetos de valor\n\nRecibir donaciones de otros\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **COHESION SOCIAL, PERCEPCI\u00d3N DE** **SEGURIDAD Y DISCRIMINACI\u00d3N**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUn 75% de las personas\nmanifest\u00f3 que tiene una muy\nbuena y buena interacci\u00f3n\ncon la poblaci\u00f3n en Panam\u00e1.\nVarios mencionaron tener\nlazos de amistad con personas\npaname\u00f1as.\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\nbuena y buena interacci\u00f3n Manifestaron tener\n\n\n\n\n\nuna muy buena o\nbuena relaci\u00f3n con\npoblaci\u00f3n paname\u00f1a\n\n\n\n\n\nSin embargo, resulta interesante\nver que un 43% se ha sentido\ndiscriminado, en su mayor\u00eda por\nsu nacionalidad, primordialmente\nlas personas provenientes de\nVenezuela, aumentando el\nporcentaje el 9%.\n\n\n12 PANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n\n\u00bfSe siente seguro en el lugar donde reside?\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 86% **No** 14%\n\n\n\u00bfSe ha sentido discriminado o discriminada?\n\n\n**S\u00ed** 43% **No** 57%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **INTENCIONES**\n\nEl 87% de las personas entrevistadas tienen la\nintenci\u00f3n de permanecer en Panam\u00e1 en un corto\nplazo. Durante las encuestas, varias personas\nmanifestaron que tendr\u00edan la intenci\u00f3n de regresar a\nsu pa\u00eds de origen, si las condiciones de seguridad o\nsituaci\u00f3n sociopol\u00edticas cambiaran de manera positiva.\n\n87%\n\n\n\nQuedarse aqu\u00ed No sabe Ir a un tercer\n\npa\u00eds\n\n\n\nRegresar a casa Reubicarse\ndentro del pa\u00eds\n\n\n#### **NECESIDADES PRIORITARIAS**\n\n\n\n**Documentaci\u00f3n y regularizaci\u00f3n de estad\u00eda legal**\nfue la primera necesidad identificada. Las personas,\nprincipalmente solicitantes de asilo, manifiestan que\nrequieren documentaci\u00f3n que les identifique, ya que\nlas autoridades paname\u00f1as muchas veces desconocen\nlos diversos formatos de documentaci\u00f3n que la ONPAR\notorga. De igual manera, las personas mencionaron que\nel largo periodo de espera para el reconocimiento de la\ncondici\u00f3n de refugiado los mantiene en una situaci\u00f3n\nmuy vulnerable puesto que no cuentan con un permiso\nhumanitario o una calidad migratoria que les d\u00e9 la\n\n\n\n**Acceso a trabajo** fue la segunda necesidad\nidentificada. La falta de medios de vida fue identificado\ncomo un desaf\u00edo para las personas, pues les impide\nser autosuficientes e incorporarse a la vida productiva.\nConsideraron que sin un permiso de trabajo y sin\nacceso a un empleo no podr\u00e1n mantener a su familia o\nincrementar su estado de bienestar.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Acceso a salud y vivienda** fue la tercera necesidad\nidentificada. Los entrevistados manifiestan que\nquisieran tener mejor atenci\u00f3n en los hospitales y\ncentros de salud p\u00fablicos, ya que consideran que\nel servicio no es adecuado, los tratamientos no son\naccesibles para las personas y el tiempo de espera\npara poder recibir la atenci\u00f3n es muy largo. Tambi\u00e9n, la\n\n\n\nmayor\u00eda de los entrevistados mencion\u00f3 que le gustar\u00eda\npoder acceder a una mejor vivienda, porque a las que\npueden acceder tienen espacio f\u00edsico muy reducido y\ntienen que compartirlo la habitaci\u00f3n (es) con 2 o m\u00e1s\nmiembros de la familia. El acceso a vivienda es muy\ncostoso.\n\n\nPANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RAZONES DE SALIDA DE PA\u00cdS DE** **ORIGEN Y RIESGOS DE RETORNO**\n\nAl preguntarle a las personas por las razones de\nsalida de su pa\u00eds de origen y los riesgos a los que se\npodr\u00edan llegar a enfrentar si tuvieran que retornar, se\npuede observar que lel 85% de las respuestas est\u00e1n\nasociadas a eventos o posibilidades de violencia.\n\n\nRazones de salida de pa\u00eds de origen *\n\n\n\nLa persona o alguien cercano sufri\u00f3\n\namenazas o intimidaci\u00f3n\n\nTemor por la situaci\u00f3n general de violencia /\n\ninseguridad\n\nLa persona o alguien cercano fue v\u00edctima de\n\nviolencia\n\nTemor de ser perseguido/a, agredido/a o\n\ndiscriminado/a\n\n\nFalta de empleo / bajos ingresos\n\n\nDificultades de acceso a alimentos\n\n\nDificultades de acceso a servicios m\u00e9dicos\n\n\nTemor por riesgos de reclutamiento forzoso\n\nde NNAs\n\n\nDificultades de acceso a educaci\u00f3n\n\n\nReunificaci\u00f3n familiar\n\n\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRiesgos en el retorno a pa\u00eds de origen *\n\n\n\nEstar\u00eda en riesgo su vida o integridad o la\n\nde su grupo familiar\n\n\nSu grupo familiar estar\u00eda en riesgo por la\nviolencia generalizada en mi pueblo/ciudad\n\n\nNo conseguir\u00eda un trabajo con el cual\npudiese garantizar su subsistencia o la de\n\nsu familia\n\n\nNo tendr\u00eda ning\u00fan problema\n\n\nEstar\u00eda en riesgo de ser discriminado(a)\n\n\nSu grupo familiar estar\u00eda en riesgo por falta\n\nde alimentos\n\n\nEstar\u00eda en riesgo de extorsi\u00f3n\n\n\nEstar\u00eda en riesgo de salud inminente\n\n\nAlg\u00fan miembro del grupo familiar podr\u00eda\n\nser reclutado(a) forzadamente\n\n\n\n\n\n74%\n\n\nPANAMA > MONITOREO DE PROTECCI\u00d3N 15\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4f7c0d5c-b9c4-3ac5-945f-ac0797240712/Monitoreo%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%2C%20Panam%C3%A1%2C%20junio%20%E2%80%93%20diciembre%202019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_493/raw/doc_493_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_493/raw/doc_493_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index eec40561172f396cc3c8c31b9ace4e40f0430579..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_493/raw/doc_493_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE**\n### **JUNE 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I. INTRODUCTION [1]\n\n\nOver a decade of sustained conflict, protracted and multiple\ndisplacements, violations of international humanitarian and human\nrights laws, and endemic violence have led to an acute protection\ncrisis in North-West Syria (NWS). [2] The continuing impact of conflict\nhas depleted the resources and capacity for resilience of the 4.4\nmillion individuals living in this area of Syria. The vast majority of the\nregion\u2019s population were forcibly displaced to the North-West\nbecause of conflict in other parts of Syria. They are now trapped by a\nborder wall and conflict frontlines, unable to escape the extreme\nviolence and poverty that have become part of everyday life in the\nNorth-West.\n\nInsufficient access, inadequate funding, and limitations of the\noperational environment have severely compromised the ability of\nhumanitarians to deliver critical lifesaving aid into the region. What\nthis looks like in practice is widespread food insecurity, little to no\naccess to education for a generation of children, very limited\ncoverage of specialized protection services, and extremely limited\nhealth care, including mental health and psychosocial support. As\n\n\nII. CONTEXT\n\nEleven years into the conflict, NWS remains a complex humanitarian\nemergency characterized by ongoing hostilities, protracted\ndisplacement, and widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure,\nincluding homes, schools, and health facilities. The region is currently\nhome to 4.4 million people, approximately two-thirds of whom were\nforcibly displaced from other areas of Syria during the conflict. [3]\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n#### **Key Protection Figures** 4.4m Population of NWS 4.1m People in Need of Protection Services 2.8M Internally Displaced People (IDPs) 65% Locations Reporting Injuries/Deaths from Explosive Hazard Contamination 32% Disability Prevalence\n\n\npeople are increasingly forced to resort to negative coping\nmechanisms given the lack of the very basics, protection risks are\nfurther compounded.\n\nThis report, highlighting the protection risks in NWS, is part of a series\nof regional Whole of Syria Protection Analysis Updates (PAUs).\n\n\nIndividuals who were forcibly displaced in NWS include a sizeable\nnumber of individuals who were evacuated through humanitarian\ncorridors from areas that were previously besieged, including Eastern\nGhouta in south-west Syria. 1.74 million people live across 1,414 IDP\nsites, [4] the overwhelming majority of which do not meet the\nrecognized minimum Sphere standards for humanitarian response.\n\n\n\n1 Methodology: In addition to relevant desk research, the NWS Protection Cluster relied on the household and key informant interviews conducted as part of the Multi-Sectoral\nNeeds Assessment between July to September 2021, monthly key informant interviews conducted by members of the Protection Monitoring Task Force, reports from protection\ncluster partners, other humanitarian actors, and internationally mandated human rights actors.\n2 For area of coverage under NWS, see Part IV: Protection Cluster Coverage & Funding, \u201cOperational Context and Access\u201d.\n3 _The Implications of the UN Cross-Border Vote in Syria_, Center for Strategic & International Studies, June 2021 at 2.\n4 _IDP Sites Integrated Monitoring Matrix for March 2022,_ Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM Cluster \u2013 NW Syria.\n\n\nPage 2 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Analysis Updates", - "confidence": 0.8479026556015015, - "start": 374, - "end": 377 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7340419292449951, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PAUs", - "confidence": 0.8017845749855042, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.603790283203125, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8434698581695557, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced People", - "confidence": 0.8933971524238586, - "start": 309, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sectoral\nNeeds Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8669036626815796, - "start": 474, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "household and key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.6709575653076172, - "start": 464, - "end": 469 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NWS Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6013673543930054, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.5828853249549866, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6089231371879578, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5229692459106445, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1,230 of the 1,414 sites are unplanned, self-settled locations with\nhigh population densities, making it particularly difficult for\nhumanitarians to effectively reach the most vulnerable populations.\n56% of the residents of IDP sites are children.\n\nA March 2020 ceasefire agreement ended some of the more largescale military operations in NWS. However, there are near daily\nbreaches of the ceasefire, with shelling, airstrikes and bombardments\nresulting in death and injury to civilians as well as damage to key\ncivilian infrastructure, including schools, hospitals and water points.\nInsecurity and violence resulting from conflict remains widespread,\nas does high levels of criminality coupled with an absence of rule of\nlaw.\n\nGrave violations against children by parties to the conflict remains a\nsignificant concern. Violations include children being killed, injured,\nrecruited, used in hostilities, detained, abducted, and sexually\nabused. Between January and September 2021, at least 1,440 grave\nviolations were reported and verified by the MRM, the majority of\nthese violations took place in NWS.\n\nIDPs in NWS have faced protracted, and often multiple,\ndisplacements. For families this has contributed to the depletion of\nalready limited resources, coupled with limited livelihoods\nopportunities and reliance on significantly over-stretched coping\nmechanisms, including increased household debt. The Syrian\neconomy continues to spiral downwards with the Syrian pound losing\nclose to 80% of its value, and the Turkish Lira, used in parts of NWS,\nlosing 40% of its value in 2021. At the same time the region has seen\nhigh inflation: food prices have increased by over 200% in the last\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nyear. A staggering 3.1 of the 4.4 million people in NWS are food\ninsecure, and an additional 1 million are considered at risk of food\ninsecurity. [5]\n\nThis worsening economic situation is further aggravating and driving\nprotection risks as households have no remaining assets to draw on\nand few choices: there is an increasing prevalence of negative coping\nmechanisms, including child marriage and child labor, as a result. For\nalready vulnerable populations, especially households that include\npersons with disabilities and child- and female-headed households,\ntheir options are even more constrained as humanitarian needs\nspiral.\n\nParts of NWS face an acute water crisis due to climate change and\nthe widespread destruction of and damage to water facilities, at\ntimes deliberately. [6] NWS is also exceptionally vulnerable to COVID19 and other communicable diseases due to the degradation of its\nhealth system and the overcrowding, lack of water, and poor\nsanitation in IDP sites. As of March 2022, only 4.4% of the population\nhad been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. [7]\n\nSurrounded by active conflict frontlines and border walls, Syrians in\nthe North-West are neither able to escape their dire living conditions\nnor the endemic violence linked to the ongoing conflict. In this\ncontext, the cross-border mandate provided by the UN Security\nCouncil has provided a lifeline to millions of civilians in NWS, enabling\nthe delivery of life-saving assistance, including medications, food and\nemergency shelter, and specialized protection services. [8]\nNonetheless, the delivery of critical aid has been hindered by chronic\nunderfunding.\n\n\n\n5 _North-West Syria Situation Report_, last updated on 20 April 2022, OCHA.\n6 _Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic_, 8 February 2022.\n7 _North-West Syria Situation Report_, last updated on 20 April 2022, OCHA.\n8 _The Implications of the UN Cross-Border Vote in Syria_, Center for Strategic & International Studies, June 2021 at 3.\n\n\nPage 3 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nIII. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\nA. Risk: Ongoing Attacks Against Civilians and Civilian Infrastructure, in Violation of Human Rights and IHL\n\nDespite the 5 March 2020 ceasefire, [9] conflict in NWS continues. In attacks appeared to be aimed at targeting civilians and civilian\n2021, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) objects which are protected under IHL. [12] In areas affected by\nverified incidents in which at least 259 civilians were killed, over 100 hostilities, first responders operate despite the risk of targeted\nof whom were children, and at least 735 civilians were injured, as a attacks from secondary explosive devices. [13]\nresult of attacks carried out by various parties to the conflict,\n\nIdlib city and Ariha town are among the areas in NWS that have seen\n\nincluding through airstrikes, ground-based strikes, armed clashes,\n\nintensified attacks on densely populated civilian areas. According to\n\nshootings, and attacks with various types of Improvised Explosive\n\nthe Commission of Inquiry, this has included artillery strikes on parts\n\nDevices (IEDs) and incidents of Explosive Remnants of War (ERW). [10]\n\nof Idlib city and its suburbs that killed multiple civilians and using\n\nThese figures are merely indicative, as verified by OHCHR, and should\n\nmunitions that appeared to be unguided artillery. Attacks include the\n\nnot be considered comprehensive; they likely represent a fraction of\n\none carried out one October morning in 2021 when at least 10\n\nthe violence faced by civilians. In every monthly situ ation report\n\nmunitions hit central Ariha town as children were on their way to\n\nin 2022 thus far, OCHA has reported conflict activity including\n\nschool. The attack killed at least 13 people, including four children\n\n\u201cartillery shelling occurred on most days.\u201d [11] Importantly, clashes and\n\nand a female teacher, and damaged two schools. In this and other\n\nmutual shellings are not limited to military targets. According to the\n\nsuch attacks, there was not any indication of a military objective in\n\nIndependent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria,\n\nthe targeted urban areas. [14]\n\nresidential areas have been affected, and evidence suggests that the\n\n\nB. Risk: Continued Practice of Arbitrary Arrest & Detention, Torture and Ill-Treatment\n\nNWS has also seen a systematic effort to stifle political dissent, various parties to the conflict. Many detainees report never having\nincluding through an identified pattern of arbitrary arrest and been brought before a judge and/or being denied legal counsel,\ndetention of perceived political opponents and media workers by including in death penalty cases. In the majority of cases documented\n\n\n9 The agreement, brokered by the governments of Russia and Turkey, called for all military actions to cease along the line of contact in the Idlib de-escalation area.\n10 _Civilian casualties in NW Syria and in Tel Abyad and Ras al-Ain, 1 January to 31 December 2021_, OHCHR. The incidents/figures/info exemplify human rights issues of concern as\ndocumented and verified by OHCHR. However, owing to the changing patterns of the conflict and the limited access to credible and/or reliable sources and info in many conflictaffected areas, verifying all incidents occurring across Syria remains challenging.\n11 See _OCHA Syrian Arab Republic: Developments in north-west Syria and Ras Al Ain \u2013 Tell Abiad_ monthly Situation Reports from January to April 2022.\n12 _Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic_, 8 February 2022, available at 10.\n13 _Id_ . at 14.\n14 _Id_ . at 11.\n\n\nPage 4 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "by OHCHR, detainees were denied information about the reasons for\ntheir detention and other due process rights, while their families\nwere denied information concerning their whereabouts or their fate,\nraising concerns of enforced disappearances. Former detainees\nreport that children are held alongside adults. Torture and illtreatment have also allegedly taken place during detention and\ninterrogation, and have included beatings, holding individuals in\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nstress positions, and electric shocks, including to genitals. Deaths in\ncustody have also been reported. Some detainees have also been\nsubject to sexual violence, including female detainees and male\ndetainees, with those who are gay or bisexual, or perceived to be, at\nhigher risk of violence. Transgender women and men have also been\ntargeted for violence. [ 15 ]\n\n\n\nC. Risk: Pervasive Gender-Based Violence, with Limited Availability of Preventive & Responsive GBV Services\n\n\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) has been a pervasive feature of the\nconflict in Syria, including the North-West since it began in 2011.\nSexual violence, including conflict related sexual violence (CRSV), has\nbeen regularly reported. Other forms of GBV in NWS include\nfemicide, \u201chonor\u201d crimes, targeted physical, psychological and\nemotional abuse, family and intimate partner violence, and child and\nforced marriages.\n\nWomen and girls are disproportionately targeted by all forms of\nsexual violence. However, men and boys are also impacted,\nparticularly in detention. Survivors of sexual violence often suffer\nfrom long-term physical and psychological traumas, including\nsexually transmitted infections such as HIV, and post-traumatic\nstress. With health and protection services severely stressed,\nsurvivors are often unable to receive adequate care. Additional\nconsequences for female survivors of sexual violence range from\nthreats of divorce and excommunication from one\u2019s family to the\nvery real threat of \u201chonor\u201d killings. One of the most devastating\nconsequences of rape is unwanted pregnancies in a context where\nsafe abortion services remain illegal.\n\n\n\nBased on GBV assessments conducted in 2021, women and girls\nreported feeling more exposed to sexual violence than in the past\nand overall feeling less safe in their communities. [16] Sexual\n\n\n\n15 \u201cI lost my dignity\u201d: Sexual and gender-based violence in the Syrian Arab Republic, Conference room paper of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian\nArab Republic, 2018, and They Treated Us in Monstrous Ways: Sexual Violence Against Men, Boys, and Transgender Women in the Syrian Conflict, Human Rights Watch, 2020\n16 _Voices from Syria 2022: Assessment Findings of the Humanitarian Needs Overview_, Whole of Syria Gender-Based Violence, Area of Responsibility.\n\n\nPage 5 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV assessments", - "confidence": 0.9980261921882629, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syrian Arab Republic", - "confidence": 0.6514923572540283, - "start": 408, - "end": 411 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9998594522476196, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.9107922315597534, - "start": 367, - "end": 370 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "harassment remains present in all places frequented by adolescent\ngirls and women, including schools, markets, work and distribution\npoints, and has impacted on their freedom of movement as well as\non their capacity to engage in needed education or livelihood\nactivities. According to GBVIMS+ data analysis, [17] most GBV incidents\nin NWS are reported over a month after occurrence, which impacts\non a survivor\u2019s ability to receive timely lifesaving interventions. Fear\nof the continuation of abuse, or new violent consequences such as\nsocial stigma or retaliation, along with insufficient coverage and\navailability of services, prevent survivors from receiving timely care.\n\nWomen and girls who are affected by multiple systems of\ndiscrimination, such as widows, women and girls who are displaced,\nor live with a disability, are exposed to higher levels of risk overall and\n\n\nD. Risk: Worsening Trends with Respect to Child Marriage\n\n\nChild marriage remains one of the most widespread forms of GBV\nexperienced by children. Adolescent girls between 12 and 17 years\nold are disproportionally affected. The risk has increased in 2022 with\n71% of communities raising child marriage as a protection concern\n(HNO 2022) compared to 62% in 2021. Child marriage is a harmful\ntraditional practice pre-existent to the crisis. However, the trend has\nworsened due to the protracted nature of the conflict: vulnerable\nfamilies now use child marriage as a coping mechanism to alleviate\nfinancial burdens and/or to protect the girls against pervasive sexual\nviolence. Child marriage has been documented in progressively more\nharmful forms over the years, including at younger ages - including\nvia induced puberty by use of hormone therapy - to older partners,\nor for serial and/or temporary marriages. Virginity testing \u2013 a form of\nGBV - has become a common practice to prove the chastity of\nadolescent girls before marriage.\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nface specific forms of sexual violence as well. Women with\nintellectual impairments are five times more likely to be sexually\nabused, [18] and women who are divorced or widowed are considered\nmuch more likely to be sexually exploited in the process of seeking\nhousing or employment compared to married women. It is important\nto note that rape also continues to happen within the context of\nmarriage, including child marriage, making the home a highly unsafe\nspace for married girls and women.\n\nUnfortunately, while the need for GBV prevention and response\nactivities continue to increase, funding for GBV programming has\nbeen inconsistent and short-term, and resulted in the temporary\nsuspension or the outright closure of essential programs.\n\n\nFollowing child marriage, adolescent girls are at heightened risk of\nsecondary violence perpetrated by the intimate partners or in-laws,\nsuch as sexual, physical, economic, and emotional abuse. The\nconsequences on their health, education and general wellbeing are\ndevastating. Child pregnancy is on the rise, with an average 15% of\nthe assisted deliveries in NWS involving under-aged mothers. [19] About\n45% of the assisted child pregnancies end by miscarriage, including\ndocumented cases of unsafe abortions.\n\nGBV actors are working towards ensuring social inclusion, and\nfostering an environment favorable to safe disclosure, and helpseeking behavior for adolescent girls at risk or survivors of child\nmarriage through targeted prevention and response programming.\n\n\n\n17 GBVIMS Trend Analysis Reports.\n18 Protection Working Group meeting, 17th February 2021. Intersectionality in NES. [presentation]. Humanity and Inclusion.\n19 Sexual and Reproductive Health Technical Working Group, 2021.\n\n\nPage 6 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nE. Risk: High Prevalence of Fatalities, Injuries & Movement Restrictions Due to Widespread Explosive Hazard Contamination\n\n\n\nThe conflict in NWS has been characterized by the widespread use of\nindiscriminate weapons, namely explosive ordnances, airstrikes,\nheavy weapon fire, and IEDs. The scale and scope of the explosive\nordnance contamination in NWS is not yet fully known because of the\ninability of qualified mine action actors to access, survey, and clear\nthe contamination. In the 2022 MSNA, key informants in 65% of\nassessed locations in NWS reported injuries and deaths in their\ncommunities as a result of explosive hazard contamination,\nsuggesting a particularly high prevalence of explosive ordnances in\nthe region. Ongoing active hostilities are further expanding the scale\nof explosive hazard contamination, compounding the risk and impact\non civilians and their communities.\n\n\n20 MSNA 2022.\n21 Mine Action Sub-Cluster Victim Assistance Report April 2021.\n22 UNMAS Syria, \u201cProgrammes: Syria,\u201d updated June 2018.\n\n\nPage 7 of 15\n\n\n\nAlarmingly, 61% of key informants surveyed in NWS have indicated\nthat they know someone who has been injured or killed by explosive\nordnances. [20] Based on available data, for each known explosive\naccident, an average of 1.5 people are killed and two people are\nphysically injured, with approximately one in three survivors\nsuffering at least one limb amputation. [21] These injuries are common\nand require physical rehabilitation (including prosthesis) and\npsychosocial support, which in turn requires medical specialists and\nlong-term health care intervention, in addition to socio-economic\ninterventions to support inclusion of survivors. Explosive incidents\nadd further pressure on the local health system, which is already\nstretched beyond capacity.\n\nThe detrimental impacts extend beyond physical safety and the right\nto life. Freedom of movement is impacted, with 86% of households\nin NWS reporting movement restriction in or close to their current\nlocations because of the risks posed by explosive ordnances (MSNA\n2021). Moreover, the destruction or contamination of key\ninfrastructure, such as hospitals, has deprived civilians of basic\nservices. [22] The existence of contamination also hampers safe delivery\nof humanitarian aid and services. With the vast majority of\ncontamination reported on agricultural land, explosive hazard\ncontamination has also affected the ability of individuals to engage in\nlivelihood activities and reduced their capacity for economic\nrecovery.\n\nWhile explosive hazard contamination affects all individuals, specific\ngroups have been acutely affected by explosive incidents. 31% of\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2022 MSNA", - "confidence": 0.6758926510810852, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.9487525224685669, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9831521511077881, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8962997198104858, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.941351592540741, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.7506240010261536, - "start": 219, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNMAS Syria", - "confidence": 0.5335096716880798, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.9510162472724915, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8822487592697144, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.8482351303100586, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "known victims of reported explosive ordnance incidents were\nchildren, out of which 30% were hurt or killed while playing.\n\nHumanitarian mine action survey and clearance is the only way to\npermanently remove this protection threat. Unfortunately,\nspecialized equipment needed for survey and clearance exercises\ncannot currently be brought into the region due to government\nrestrictions rooted in fears that such equipment may be\nmisappropriated by parties to the conflict. In the absence of\nclearance, preventive interventions have focused on explosive\nordnance risk education (EORE). Current EORE programming includes\ndirect sessions, school sessions, social media campaigns, and SMS. A\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nscale-up of EORE programming is needed, with specific outreach to\nharder-to-reach communities, to maximize impacts among people in\nneed. An UNMAS Syrian Response Programme report on Victim Data\nAnalysis indicated that between November 2013 and February 2020,\n97% of explosive hazard victims reported that they had not received\nEORE prior to the incident.\n\nFinally, Victim Assistance (VA) services \u2013 including assistive devices\nand medical care - are often cost-prohibitive for low-income families.\nService scarcity results in extended traveling distances for those in\nneed. Economic support, and medical care, prosthetic/orthotic\nservices, and daily functioning assistive devices are key needs for\nsurvivors of explosive incidents.\n\n\n\nF. Risk: Barriers to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and Older Persons Persist\n\n\n\nOver a decade of sustained conflict and conflict-related injuries,\nexposure to explosive ordnance and psychological harm,\nmalnutrition, and disruptions to prenatal care and early childhood\ndevelopment, have led to very high incidence of impairment and\ndisability in NWS. [23 ] According to recent assessments, at least 32% of\nindividuals at or over the age 12 live with a disability. [24] This\nprevalence increases to at least 39% for displaced individuals. At least\n59% of all households in this area have at least one member living\nwith a disability. Older individuals are more likely to have at least one\ndisability compared with their younger counterparts. In NWS, 95% of\n\n\n\nindividuals aged 55 years and above have disabilities, compared to\n50% of those between 30-54 years and 7% of individuals aged 12-29.\nInfrastructure degradation in the North-West further exposes Syrians\nto physical injury and trauma, while compounding risks for persons\nwith existing disabilities, and undermining their access to essential\nservices and tailored support.\n\nAll persons have a right to full and effective participation in society\non an equal basis to others. Unfortunately, older persons and PWDs\n\n\n\n23As per the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory\nimpairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.\n24Statistics and graphic on PWDs provided by the Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme (HNAP) to the Protection Cluster on 25 April 2022. Information covers the geographic\nregion covered by the NWS Protection Cluster, and thus includes both \u201cNWS\u201d and \u201cNS\u201d regions referenced in standalone HNAP reporting.\n\n\nPage 8 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data\nAnalysis", - "confidence": 0.8630287051200867, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "explosive hazard victims", - "confidence": 0.9231192469596863, - "start": 164, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recent assessments", - "confidence": 0.8944356441497803, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nin NWS face multiple barriers to inclusion in society. Such barriers can\ninclude overt acts of physical and psychological violence and\nprejudice. Misconceptions and stigmas around disabilities have led to\na denial of services: many individuals with cognitive and intellectual\nimpairments have been turned away from health centers because\nthey are perceived as a threat to staff. Women, including older\nwomen, and girls with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to\ncompounded discrimination, exploitation, and violence, including\ngender-based violence (GBV). Yet they have significant challenges in\naccessing support and services that could reduce their risk and\nvulnerability.\n\nBarriers to inclusion also result from the breakdown of economic\nstructures, health care availability, family and community support,\neducational opportunities, housing, transportation, and other\ninfrastructures and essential services as a result of conflict. The\ninability to access assistive devices, tailored services, caregivers, and\nprotection networks make PWDs and older persons more dependent\non others, more likely to be left behind in the event of new crises,\nand at greater risk of neglect, exploitation and abuse.\n\nG. Risk: Widespread Reliance on Child Labor by Impoverished Families\n\n\n\nProtracted conflict in Syria, a deteriorating economy with limited\nlivelihood opportunities, coupled with hyperinflation, has resulted in\nextreme poverty among IDPs, forcing many families to rely on child\nlabor including worst forms of child labor like child recruitment to\nmake ends meet. 22% of assessed communities report child labor as\na frequent occurrence to support household income. [25] Child labor\noccurs with even greater frequency at so-called \u201cwidow\u2019s camps\u201d,\nwhich include sites for women who are widowed, divorced, whose\n\n\n\nhusbands are missing, or who are otherwise single with children. At\nthese widow\u2019s camps, 58% of boys and 49% of girls aged 11 and\nabove are reported to be involved in child labor. [26]\n\nIn NWS, 68.4% of key informants reported that child labor prevents\nchildren from attending schools. [27] Most of the children involved in\nlabor are exposed to violence, exploitation, abuse, psychical harm,\nincluding death during hostilities.\n\n\n\n25 HNO 2021.\n26 The Women and Children of Syria\u2019s Widow Camps: Hardest to Reach, Most at Risk, World Vision, April 2022.\n27 MSNA 2022.\n\n\nPage 9 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n\nH. Risk: Increasing Rates of Psychosocial Distress among Children and Caregivers\n\n\n\nChildren in NWS have been exposed to violence and destruction.\nMany have witnessed the killing of family members or have\nexperienced multiple displacement and/or family separation.\nChildren in NWS have to cope with reduced access to life saving\nservices. School and normal daily childhood activities are unavailable\nto most children. Instead, these children must worry about loss of\nhome, economic difficulties and inadequate living conditions.\nChildren are also at increased risk of arrest, detention, torture and\nsexual abuse. Preoccupation with the many dangers present in their\nlives, along with difficult and restrictive living environment in IDP\nsites, has become a major cause of psychosocial distress amongst\nchildren. Insecurity, economic hardship and multiple displacements\nhave exacerbated child protection concerns and fueled harmful\ncoping mechanisms. The capacity of parents and caregivers to care\nand protect their children have been severely undermined.\n\n\n\nChild protection situation monitoring reports from NWS indicate a\nmarked increase in psycho-social support needs among both children\nand their caregivers: 84.99% of interviewees reported that children\nneed psychosocial programs, and 70.22% reported that caregivers\nneed specialized psychological services, [28] demonstrating the\nincreasing and cumulative toll on mental well-being, with immediate\nand if not addressed, lifelong consequences. The increase of\npsychosocial distress among children and caregivers negatively\naffects conditions for child development, well-being and safety and\ncan lead to secondary protection concerns including physical\nviolence, neglect of children by caregivers, and harmful coping\nmechanisms including substance abuse.\n\n\n\nI. Risk: Continued Inability to Secure Civil Status Documentation Due to Lack of GoS Civil Registries in NWS\n\n\n\nThe lack or loss of civil documentation (CD) is widespread among the\npopulation in NWS. Such documents include, but are not limited to,\nbirth, death, marriage, divorce certificates, identity cards, family\nbooklets, and passports. According to the 2021 MSNA Survey, 89% of\nhouseholds in the NWS reported that at least one household member\nlacked any Government of Syria (GoS) issued CD, compared to 21%\nof households in GoS-controlled areas. It is not possible to obtain\nGoS-issued CD within NWS as there are no GoS civil registration\noffices. Individuals must either cross conflict lines or employ an\nintermediary to obtain CD, resulting in the former case in significant\nphysical risks at checkpoints and in civil registry offices, including risks\n\n\n\nof arbitrary arrest, detention and forced conscription, or in the latter\ncase in very high costs. Lack or loss of CD is reported to hinder access\nto humanitarian assistance. Despite advocacy with humanitarian\nactors and the promotion of a community validation alternative,\nsome donors, auditors, and other stakeholders continue to require\nofficial identity documents for access to assistance, including cashbased assistance. Children are among the most affected by lack of\ndocumentation, as it can hinder their access to education and health\nservices, and leave them vulnerable in the long term to the risk of\nstatelessness.\n\n\n\n28 Child Protection Situation Monitoring: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/whole-of-syria/child-protection-situation-monitoring-dashboard\n\n\nPage 10 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nJ. Risk: Systemic Challenges in Exercising Housing, Land & Property (HLP) Rights, and Forced Evictions from Informal Sites\n\n\n\nHostilities have caused widespread damage to HLP in NWS. In\naddition to the destruction of civilian residential areas, the\ndestruction of land and civil registries has affected land governance\nand the recording/updating of HLP transactions. In NWS, the broad\nrange of administrative regulations and the multiplicity of de facto\nauthorities governing HLP transactions has added to the complexity\nof ascertaining legal rights, and accessing remedies. Although the\nexistence of women\u2019s rights in Syrian law is widely acknowledged,\n\n\nIV. PROTECTION CLUSTER COVERAGE, ACCESS & FUNDING\n\n\nPage 11 of 15\n\n\n\ntraditions and customs are often used to justify discrimination.\nForced evictions continue to be reported in Idleb and northern\nAleppo, including from collective centers or makeshift informal\nsettlements, and public facilities such as schools and universities.\nEven when law enforcement power is not used, coercive practices by\nlandlords or local councils often result in forced evictions, leaving\nindividuals with limited support or alternative accommodation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A. COVERAGE AND ACCESS\n\n\nThe NWS Protection Cluster (Turkey) was activated in 2015 following\nthe passage of UNSCR 2165 (2014). The Cluster includes: GBV, Child\nProtection & Mine Action Sub-Clusters; Protection Monitoring Task\nForce; and HLP & Inclusion Technical Working Groups, all of which\nare co-led by UN agencies & NGO partners. The Cluster coordinates\nthe response of protection actors working inside northern Syria in\nareas accessible from Turkey and outside the control of the GoS. This\nincludes territory in NWS controlled by non-state armed groups and\nrelated de-facto authorities, as well as areas under the effective\ncontrol of the Government of Turkey, including Ras-al-Ayn and Tel\nAbyad. All coordination and technical support are provided remotely\nfrom Gaziantep, Turkey.\n\n\nB. FUNDING DATA\n\n\nIn 2021, only 56% of the NWS Protection Cluster\u2019s funding\nrequirements were met, which severely impacted our ability to\nprevent, mitigate and respond to protection threats, risks and needs.\nDespite the increase in needs on the ground, the funding gap for 2022\nhas become more severe. As of March, only 32% of the Cluster\u2019s\nfunding requirements for 2022 have been met. Continued\nunderfunding of protection activities will leave critical protection\nthreats, risks and needs unaddressed, with civilians unable to access\nlifesaving assistance and increasingly resorting to negative coping\nstrategies. This will have detrimental consequences on protection of\nvulnerable persons, increase demand for services and assistance\nacross sectors, and undermine attempts to foster community\nresilience.\n\nReductions in funding have already had significant impact on\nprotection services. Funding for GBV programming in general, and\nWomen and Girls Safe Spaces (WGSS) in particular, remains\nunpredictable and short-term; ensuring the sustainability of WGSS\n\n\nPage 12 of 15\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\nConflict-related dynamics have been a significant challenge for\nhumanitarian access and have prevented UN agencies and\ninternational staff from NGOs from entering NWS. Humanitarian\naccess allows protection actors to build trust with affected\ncommunities and vulnerable persons, thereby enabling reporting of\nviolations by survivors, fosters reliability in sustained service\nprovision, facilitates the Cluster to ensure adherence by partners to\nminimum standards of service provision, including with respect to\ndata protection, and ultimately ensures safety of our clients and staff.\n\n\nremains a challenge. In 2021, at least 5 WGSS had to shut down due\nto lack of funds. In those communities, there is currently no\nalternative to access life-saving GBV services. Response to the\n\u201cWidow\u2019s Camps\u201d are of limited scale, short-term and not\nsustainable. The GBV projects targeting these camps remain severely\nunder-funded, despite alarming evidence of needs. Similarly,\nreduced funding for child-friendly spaces, community-based\nprograms, psychological support services (PSS), structured nonspecialized programs, and parenting skills in NWS has impacted the\ncluster\u2019s capacity to respond to the increase in psychological distress\nand trauma among children and their caregivers. In the last six\nmonths, at least 12 humanitarian organizations operating\ncommunity-based child friendly spaces and PSS mobile teams\nreported a full suspension of their activities due to funding gaps. The\nfunding shortfall for mine action continues to have immediate and\noften permanent consequences. Although risk education promotes\nsafer behavior, NWS needs a small but comprehensive surveying,\nclearance and disposal capacity able to deal effectively with the\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FUNDING DATA", - "confidence": 0.9832708239555359, - "start": 139, - "end": 141 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9938337802886963, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "protection actors", - "confidence": 0.6676629185676575, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "complete range of hazardous items found there. Without this ability\nto fully eliminate risks, the exceptionally high rates of injury and\ndeath from explosive hazards will continue to strain an already\n\n\nV. RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n**Respect for International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law**\n\n\n\nNorth-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\noverburdened healthcare system, and to compromise lives and\nlivelihoods in vulnerable communities.\n\n\n\n\n - _For parties to the conflict_ to immediately halt all attacks on civilians, civilian infrastructure and civilian areas, in accordance with their\ninternational humanitarian law and human rights obligations.\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to consistently and forthrightly raise concerns about humanitarian access, respect\nfor international humanitarian law and human rights standards, adherence to humanitarian principles, and protection related\nconsiderations, with parties to the conflict, as well as local authorities.\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to continue supporting impartial and credible investigations into all indiscriminate\nand direct attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure. This should also include further support for human rights and civil society\norganizations to comprehensively monitor and report on violations.\n\n\nPage 13 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to advocate for:\n\n`o` an immediate end to the practice of arbitrary arrests and detentions, alleged torture and ill-treatment during detentions and\n\ninterrogations;\n\n`o` impartial investigation of all allegations of sexual violence and unlawful deaths in custody; assurances that detainees will be\n\nafforded due process rights, and the reasons for their detention and the location of detention facilities will be communicated to\ntheir families. This should also include support for human rights and civil society organizations to provide legal assistance to\ndetainees, and to access detention facilities to monitor conditions therein.\n\n`o` an immediate end to all grave violations against children and related CP violations, including recruitment, detention and killing of\n\nchildren, and structured protection dialogue on such concerns with all parties to the conflict\n\n**Continuation of Cross-Border Humanitarian Aid, and Monitoring of Cross-Line Aid Effectiveness**\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to recognize that UN cross-border operations are the most cost-effective, timely,\nsafe, and pragmatic way to respond to urgent humanitarian needs in NWS at this time.\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to recognize that the provision of humanitarian services, including protection\nservices, requires sustained, predictable, and safe access to people in need and that such sustained access must be supported at multiple\nlevels.\n\n\n\n\n- _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_\n\n\n\n\n`o` to recognize that linking humanitarian operations and funding with UNSC cross-border resolutions has led to a short-term cycle\n\n\n\nof aid that does not align with medium to longer-term planning nor supporting resilience and meaningful solutions in a\nprotracted crisis, and\n\n`o` to strategize on how best to ensure predictability and continuity of humanitarian assistance to conflict-affected populations in\n\n\n\nNWS by separating aid delivery from renewal/non-renewal of the UNSC cross-border resolution, including via identification of\nviable alternatives to current pooled funding mechanisms.\n\n- _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to support robust and independent monitoring and reporting on the effectiveness\nof crossline humanitarian aid mechanisms across Syria, including any and all attempts, by parties to the conflict, to delay, block or divert\naid or limit the independence and impartiality of humanitarian actors in their crossline efforts.\n\n\n\n\n - _For member states, donors and humanitarian leadership_ to recognize that assistance through crossline modality is only complementary\nand not a replacement to the current cross-border assistance.\n\n\nPage 14 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "North-West Syria: Protection Analysis Update\n\nJune 2022\n\n\n**Scaled-Up Protection Response**\n\n - _For_ _donors and humanitarian leadership_ to support a scaled-up protection response in NWS, via expanded coverage of specialized\nprotection services by INGO and NGO partners \u2013 e.g. Women & Girls Safe Spaces; Child Friendly Spaces; case management; psycho-social\nsupport for survivors, children and caregivers; tailored multi-sectoral support for PWDs and older persons; legal aid for documentation\nand detention cases; forced eviction monitoring and multi-sectoral response; protection monitoring and community-based protection;\nsurvey and clearance of explosive hazards, risk education and victim assistance \u2013 and to view protection programming as a key enabler in\nsupporting community resilience.\n\n - _For donors and humanitarian leadership_ to advocate with relevant authorities for lifting of restrictions on importation of specialized\nequipment needed by humanitarian mine action actors to survey and clear contaminated areas, for unimpeded access to such areas, and\nfor scaling up of funding for Victims Assistance services.\n\n - _For donors and humanitarian leadership_ to advocate with all Clusters and humanitarian organizations to adopt community validation - as\nan alternative to possession of civil documents \u2013 as a means to access all forms of humanitarian aid, including cash-based assistance.\n\n - _For donors_ to contribute flexible multi-year funding for protection/humanitarian programming, in line with the two-year Humanitarian\nResponse Plan (HRP) for 2022-2023, including to local NGO partners, thereby enabling predictable programming, longer-term\ninterventions, community resilience, and measurable impact.\n\n - _For donors and humanitarian leadership_ to advocate for the mainstreaming of protection across the humanitarian response, including via\ninclusion-oriented review of projects funded through pooled funding mechanisms, and scaled up accountability to affected populations\nefforts across all sectors.\n\n\nPage 15 of 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1e3e9e0d-6260-48af-bf45-b6c54a0b18d5/NWS-PAU-Final-June-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_494/raw/doc_494_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_494/raw/doc_494_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fd5c2026268bcea1349a32458f42678a0c439f32..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_494/raw/doc_494_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,442 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Legal and Civil Documentation Assessment**\n\n## **Northwest Syria** **May 2025**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This report was drafted during the fall of the prior Syrian government on 8 December 2024. Despite\nthe evolving dynamics in context since, the contents regarding legal needs in northwest Syria remain\nrelevant as they provide insight into legal needs, barriers, and challenges that may appear across\nSyria under the transitional government.\n\n\nThe Northwest Syria AoR would like to thank all its partners for their support during the data\ncollection phase and the analysis of the findings.\n\n\n_Upper side: NRC_\n_Lower left: Khaled Al Helwani, IHSAN RD_\n_Lower right: Moaz Akkad, Shafak Organization_\n\n\n**Contact details:**\n\nLorena Nieto Skylar Kogelschatz\n\nNWS HLP AOR Chair NWS HLP AOR Co-Chair\n[nieto@unhcr.org](mailto:nieto@unhcr.org) [skylar.kogelschatz@nrc.no](mailto:skylar.kogelschatz@nrc.no)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Executive Summary**\n\nThis research was conducted prior to the collapse of the former Government of Syria (GoS) on 8\nDecember 2024 and the emergence of the transitional government and thus, some security-related\nbarriers to civil documents, such as security risks tied to the former government (including fears of\nmandatory service or arrest if found with civil documents issued by the former Syrian Salvation\nGovernment-SSG) no longer remain. **However, financial, logistical, and bureaucratic challenges**\n**persist, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.**\n\n**Status of Civil Documents** **Impact of Missing Documents** :\n\n`o` _Prevalence of Missing Documents:_ 71.5% of `o` _Absence of civil documentation:_ The absence of\nrespondents lack at least one essential civil documentation in northwest Syria has\ndocument, with family booklets being the most profound and wide-ranging consequences,\nfrequently missing, followed by ID cards, birth affecting nearly every aspect of individuals\u2019 lives.\ncertificates, and marriage certificates. Their absence deprives or hinders individuals'\n\naccess to humanitarian aid and basic services,\n\n`o` _Low Application Rates:_ Between 61% and 84% restricts freedom of movement, ability to\nof respondents have never obtained or applied establish legal identity or assert family and\nfor missing documents. This is largely due to marital rights, and limits participation in social,\nfinancial constraints, lack of awareness, and economic, and political life. Lack of\nperceptions of bureaucratic complexity. Thus, documents also increase individuals\u2019\napplications are often delayed until documents exposure to risks of trafficking, smuggling,\nare urgently needed. recruitment by armed actors, or forced\n\n\n\n**Barriers to Documentation** :\n\n`o` _Financial Constraints:_ Between 34% and 40% of\nrespondents lacking civil documentation\nidentified financial barriers as a primary\nobstacle. High transportation costs and issuance\nfees, combined with high unemployment and\ncompeting financial priorities, create significant\nchallenges in securing missing documents.\n\n`o` _Access:_ Between 22% and 32% of respondents\nlacking civil documentation cited access-related\ndifficulties as a major obstacle. Key barriers\ninclude long distances to registration centers,\nlack of transportation, high travel costs, and the\nneed for multiple visits to complete the process.\n\n`o` _Lack of Awareness:_ Between 20% and 26% of\nrespondents lacking civil documentation\nreported this as a key obstacle. Many do not\nknow where, how, or why to apply, further\ndelaying the acquisition of necessary\ndocumentation.\n\n\n\n**Impact of Missing Documents** :\n\n`o` _Absence of civil documentation:_ The absence of\ncivil documentation in northwest Syria has\nprofound and wide-ranging consequences,\naffecting nearly every aspect of individuals\u2019 lives.\nTheir absence deprives or hinders individuals'\naccess to humanitarian aid and basic services,\nrestricts freedom of movement, ability to\nestablish legal identity or assert family and\nmarital rights, and limits participation in social,\neconomic, and political life. Lack of\ndocuments also increase individuals\u2019\nexposure to risks of trafficking, smuggling,\nrecruitment by armed actors, or forced\nlabour.\n\n**Assistance Needed:**\n\n`o` _Financial Support:_ Subsidize document fees,\ntransportation costs, and related expenses to\nreduce economic barriers.\n\n`o` _Transportation_ _Aid:_ Improve access to\nregistration centers, especially for groups that\nare at greater risk of facing protection concerns,\nincluding women, persons with disabilities or\nthose with limited mobility, elderly; those living\nin remote areas.\n\n`o` _Legal Aid and Awareness:_ Provide free legal\nassistance and implement awareness\ncampaigns to educate individuals about the\nimportance of documentation and the steps\ninvolved in obtaining it.\n\n`o` _Improved Registration Access:_ Expand the\nnumber of registration centers, introduce\nmobile units, and streamline administrative\nprocesses to minimize delays and complexity.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` _Targeted Support for Groups who are at Greater_\n_Risk of Facing Protection Impacts:_ Develop\ntailored programs to address the unique\nchallenges faced by persons with disabilities,\n\n\n\nelderly, orphans, widows, child or femaleheaded households, and those with language\nbarriers including legal, financial, and\neducational assistance.\n\n\n\n**Future Outlook:**\n\n`o` The issue of civil documentation is now more critical than ever, as lessons from other contexts\nhighlight the crucial role of civil documentation in advancing transitional justice and securing\nhousing, land, and property (HLP) rights. Transitional justice focuses on a response to systematic\nviolation of human rights during a conflict period and the processes needed to ensure\naccountability, justice, and achieve reconciliation. [1] Individuals seeking redress for human rights\nviolations in more formal administrative or judicial mechanisms will need to have proper\ndocuments to prove their identity. Witnesses to human rights violations and incidents will most\nlikely need valid civil documents to prove their identity in formal court proceedings. Additionally,\ntransitional justice includes property restitution and restoring homes that might have been\nconfiscated, unlawfully expropriated, or otherwise taken via illegal means. [2] To prove ownership\nclaims or familial links to property (particularly with inheritance claims), individuals must have\nvalid forms of civil documents.\n\n\n`o` As Syrian undergoes this period of transition, sustained efforts by humanitarian actors, donors,\nand the transitional government via funding, inclusive legislation including linkages to transitional\njustice, and accessible legal services are needed to support legal identity, allow Syrians to access\njustice, and foster stability as well as long-term social and legal accountability in the region.\n\n\n1 Definitions adapted from _What_ _is_ _Transitional_ _Justice?_ INT\u2019L CENTER FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE (2009),\n[https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Global-Transitional-Justice-2009-English.pdf; \u201cAbout transitional justice and](https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Global-Transitional-Justice-2009-English.pdf)\nhuman rights,\u201d OHCHR (last accessed 5 March 2025), [https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/about-transitional-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/about-transitional-justice-and-human-rights)\n[justice-and-human-rights (citing to UN Security Council Res. S/2004/616).](https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/about-transitional-justice-and-human-rights)\n2 _See_ Rhodri C. Williams, _The Contemporary Right to Property Restitution in the Context of Transitional Justice_ INT\u2019L CENTER\n\nFOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE (MAY 2007), [https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Global-Right-Restitution-2007-English.pdf](https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Global-Right-Restitution-2007-English.pdf%20at%20pg%205)\n[at pg 5; Ingunn Sofie Aursnes and Conor Foley,](https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Global-Right-Restitution-2007-English.pdf%20at%20pg%205) _Property restitution in practice: The Norwegian Refugee Councils\u2019_\n_experience,_ NRC (April 2005), [https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Property_Restitution_in_Practice_2005_EN.pdf)\n[04/Property_Restitution_in_Practice_2005_EN.pdf.](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Property_Restitution_in_Practice_2005_EN.pdf)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nSince 2011, the civil documentation system in northwest Syria (NWS) has been profoundly disrupted\nby ongoing instability and frequent shifts in territorial control. Whereas prior to the war civil registries\nwere under the single mandate of the former government, the rise of _de facto_ authorities led to the\nemergence of new procedures and _de facto_ -issued documents. These disruptions resulted in\nfragmented and disconnected civil registry systems, with various actors issuing documents of varying\nlegitimacy and acceptance. Combined with other significant barriers that many individuals faced and\ncontinue to face\u2014such as financial constraints, limited access to services, and a lack of information\u2014\nthis breakdown has left many residents without official documentation or legal protections, placing\nthem at greater risk of persecution, stigma, and discrimination.\n\n\nThe absence of vital documents\u2014such as ID cards, family booklets, birth certificates, and marriage\ncertificates\u2014create significant barriers for individuals in NWS. Without these documents, residents\nstruggle to establish their identity, access critical services, and secure their legal rights, further\ncompounding their exposure to additional protection risks.\n\n\nThis report examines the challenges related to civil documentation in northwest Syria areas that were\ngoverned by the former SSG and the SIG as of November 2024. As such, the report identifies the most\ncommon missing documents, barriers households face in obtaining them, and the far-reaching\nconsequences of these gaps in civil documentation for individuals and families. The report also\nconsiders how the collapse of the former government and the establishment of the new Syrian\ntransitional government may affect these barriers. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges expected\nto persist and outlines the types of assistance required to overcome them, offering actionable\nrecommendations to enhance access to civil documentation.\n\n\nCivil documentation has become increasingly critical considering the rapidly shifting dynamics since\nDecember 8th, including the collapse of the GoS and the establishment of the Syrian transitional\ngovernment. This urgency stems from the emergence of new priorities, such as advancing transitional\njustice, securing HLP rights in areas of origin or return, facilitating civic engagement through\nrepresentation and participation in potential elections.\n\n\nClosing the civil documentation gap is not just a legal obligation but also a critical prerequisite toward\nSyrian\u2019s ability to rebuilding their lives while at the same time fostering long-term stability in NWS and\nbeyond. Though the political context has changed and some security and movement barriers that\nmany faced have been lifted ( _i.e._ evading former government military service or checkpoints), critical\nbarriers to accessing civil documents including financial ones remain. By addressing these gaps,\nindividuals can reclaim their rights, access essential services, and actively contribute to the social and\neconomic recovery of their communities.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key Findings**\n\n\n**1- Status of Civil Documents**\n\n\nSurvey findings underscore the pervasiveness of missing civil documents among respondents in\nnorthwest Syria. Of those surveyed, 72% reported lacking at least one essential document, while only\n29% confirmed having all required documentation. The family booklet was most reported missing,\nwith 39% indicating its absence. This was followed by ID cards, birth certificates, and marriage\ncertificates, with 34%, 28 % and 23% of respondents missing these documents, respectively. These\nrecords are vital for establishing identity, registering family members, documenting legal familial\nrelationships, and accessing essential services, including humanitarian aid. Without them, individuals\nand families face significant challenges, especially in situations requiring proof of identity or family\nstructure such as claiming HLP rights through inheritance.\n\n### **Status of Civil Documents**\n\n\n\n**197**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**ID Card** **Family Booklet** **Marriage**\n**Certificate**\n\n\n\n**Birth**\n**Certificate**\n\n\n\n**Death**\n**Certificate**\n\n\n\n**Divorce**\n**Certificate**\n\n\n\nAvailable Missing\n\n\nA notable proportion of respondents revealed that they had never obtained the documents reported\nas missing. Among those lacking family booklets, 67% reported never having acquired one, while 17%\ncited loss, 11% mentioned damage, and 3% indicated the document was inaccessible because it was\nheld by a spouse or family member. Similarly, 80% of respondents stated they had never had an ID\ncard, with 14 % attributing its absence to loss and 4% to damage. Birth certificates were also often\nunissued, with 84% reporting they had never obtained one, while a few cited loss or damage. Likewise,\nmarriage certificates were frequently unissued, with 84% respondents stating they had never acquired\none. Others attributed their absence to loss (25%) or damage (12%).\n\n\nDespite the critical importance of these documents, application rates among those missing them\nremained strikingly low. Among respondents missing a family booklet, only 18% had attempted to\napply for one, while 49% had not. For ID cards, just 8% reported applying, compared to 72% who had\nnot initiated the process. Similarly, only 6% of respondents missing birth certificates attempted to\napply, while 78% had not. As for marriage certificates, only 12% of respondents applied, while 50%\nrefrained from doing so.\n\n\nRespondents who had not applied for these documents cited various reasons for their inaction. These\nincluded limited resources, insufficient knowledge about the application process, and perceptions of\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Status of Civil Documents", - "confidence": 0.9653850197792053, - "start": 10, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9091525673866272, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9476262927055359, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9323732852935791, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "marriage certificates", - "confidence": 0.8769612312316895, - "start": 460, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9324305057525635, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "overly complex or bureaucratic procedures. Many individuals delayed obtaining documents such as\nfamily booklets or birth certificates until there was an immediate need such as accessing medical care\nor assistance, often believing that informal arrangements would suffice in the interim. For instance, a\nmarriage may not be registered until a child is born, prompting the parents to register the marriage\nso that the child can access services such as health care, humanitarian aid, and/or education.\nAdditionally, the availability of other forms of documentation reduced the perceived urgency to\npursue missing documents. For example, a family booklet can sometimes be used as proof of identity,\ndelaying the reissuance of a lost ID card. Regarding marriage registration, KIIs also reported that social\nand personal factors contributed to the low rate of registration. As some individuals reportedly avoid\nregistering marriages to keep them confidential or to circumvent granting marital rights to the wife,\nsuch as custody, alimony, or housing after divorce. [3]\n\n\n**2- Challenges to Obtaining Civil Documents**\n\n\nWhen asked which document was the most difficult to obtain, respondents identified the family\nbooklet as the most challenging, followed by ID cards and birth certificates. Obstacles to obtaining\nthese documents were often compounded by the absence of other required documents, such as\nmarriage certificates or IDs. The lack of one document frequently created a cascading effect, where\nthe absence of one made it increasingly difficult to acquire others. For instance, the inability to prove\na marriage or the absence of an ID often delayed or entirely blocked efforts to obtain a family booklet.\n\n\nObtaining ID cards reportedly posed significant challenges due to the lack of supporting documents,\nlimited access to civil registry data outside the control of local authorities, and the need to navigate\ncomplex alternative mechanisms for identity verification. These mechanisms often involved multiple\nsteps and were perceived as time-consuming and resource-intensive, leaving individuals without a\nclear pathway to acquire an ID.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Barriers|ID|Family
Booklet|Birth
Certificate|Marriage
Certificate|Death
Certificate|Divorce
Certificate|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Financial barriers
|131
|
124
|
112
|
76
|
64
|
12
|\n|
Access/movement
difficulties
|
104
|
80
|
72
|
43
|
34
|
8
|\n|
Lack of
information/awareness
|84
|86
|66
|54
|39
|10
|\n|
Lack of required
supporting documents
|32
|38
|32
|30
|17
|5
|\n|
Security concerns
|8
|7
|3
|2
|2
|0
|\n|
Administrative difficulties
|
13
|
21
|
8
|
10
|
8
|
3
|\n|
Spouse absent or
uncooperative
|
15
|
15
|
13
|
6
|
7
|
7
|\n|
Fear of losing aid
allocation
|7
|5
|0
|3
|11
|0
|\n|
Family or spouse\u2019s family
uncooperative
|5
|6
|2
|7
|7
|3
|\n|
**Total**|**399**|**382**|**308**|**231**|**189**|**48**|\n\n\n\n3 For more information on Women\u2019s HLP Rights in NW Syria, please see NRC report \u201cFrom Margins to Mainstream:\nWomen\u2019s HLP Rights in Northwest Syria\u201d Dec. 2024\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The survey highlighted significant obstacles faced by individuals attempting to obtain critical civil\ndocuments, such as family booklets, ID cards, and birth certificates. These challenges vary but\nprimarily fall into three key categories: financial constraints, access and movement difficulties, and a\nlack of information or awareness.\n\n\n**Financial Barriers:** Financial constraints emerged as the most significant challenge in obtaining civil\ndocuments. Between 34% and 40% of respondents who lack civil documentation identified financial\nbarriers as the primary obstacle to securing missing documents such as family booklets, ID cards, and\nbirth certificates. Several interconnected financial challenges were highlighted by respondents:\n\n\n - **Transportation Costs:** Travel expenses were the most cited financial barrier, with 27% to 33%\nof respondents indicating that the cost of travel prevented them from obtaining the required\ndocuments.\n\n - **Issuing Fees:** Official fees for document issuance posed a significant challenge for 27% to 31%\nof respondents.\n\n - **Unemployment:** A lack of income due to unemployment was cited by 14% to 21% of\nrespondents as the reason they could not afford the associated legal costs.\n\n - **Competing Financial Priorities:** Limited financial resources forced 18% to 25% of respondents\nto prioritize other pressing needs over obtaining their missing civil documents.\n\n\nThese findings underscore the intersectionality of economic hardship and access to civil\ndocumentation, with financial constraints making even the initial steps of the process impossible for\nmany families.\n\n\n**Access and Movement Challenges:** Physical access to registration centers emerged as a significant\nobstacle to obtaining civil documents, with between 22% and 31% of respondents who lack\ndocumentation citing this as a major challenge. Specific access barriers included:\n\n\n - **Distance to Registration Centers:** Between 13% and 17% of respondents reported that\nregistration centers were too far from their homes, making access difficult.\n\n - **Lack of Transportation:** Between 14% and 17% of respondents indicated that the absence of\npersonal vehicles made travel to registration centers challenging.\n\n - **Cost of Transportation:** Transportation costs, which often overlapped with broader financial\nbarriers, were highlighted by 16% to 22% of respondents.\n\n - **Multiple Visits Required:** Bureaucratic processes frequently necessitate repeat trips to\nregistration offices, further compounding existing challenges. This was reported by 11% to\n26% of respondents.\n\n\nThese access-related barriers highlight the logistical difficulties of navigating a fragmented and often\ninefficient civil registration system, particularly in conflict-affected areas with limited infrastructure.\n\n\n**Lack of Information and Awareness:** Another critical barrier was the lack of information or awareness\nabout the process of obtaining civil documents. This issue was reported by 20% to 26% of respondents.\nSpecific knowledge gaps included:\n\n\n - **How to Obtain the Document:** Between 17% and 25% of respondents reported uncertainty\nabout the steps required to acquire civil documents, making it the most common issue.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9827796220779419, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8454529047012329, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "civil registration system", - "confidence": 0.962165355682373, - "start": 474, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.94111567735672, - "start": 480, - "end": 482 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9013181924819946, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Where to Obtain the Document:** Between 12% and 18% of respondents were unaware of the\nlocations of registration centres.\n\n - **Understanding the Importance of the Document:** A lack of awareness about the necessity of\ncivil documents led to inaction, as reported by 13% to 18% of respondents.\n\n - **Costs Involved:** Uncertainty about the associated costs discouraged 10% to 16% of\nrespondents from initiating the application process.\n\n\nThis lack of awareness not only delays application efforts but also leaves many unprepared to meet\nthe requirements, further complicating their ability to navigate the registration system and reinforcing\nperceptions of bureaucratic complexity.\n\n\n**3- Protection Impacts and Consequences of Missing Civil Documents**\n\n\nThe absence of civil documentation in NWS has profound and wide-ranging consequences, affecting\nnearly every aspect of individuals\u2019 lives and ability to exercise their rights. These documents are critical\nfor accessing humanitarian aid, establishing legal identity, asserting family and marital rights,\nparticipating in social, economic, and political life as well as mitigating the exposure to additional\nprotection risks. Their absence deprives individuals of the legal recognition necessary for stability and\ndignity.\n\n\n**CONSEQUENCES OF MISSING CIVIL DOCUMENTS**\n\n\n\nLack of access to humanitarian aid and basic\u2026\nRestricted freedom of movement\n\nInability to register children born within the\u2026\nImplications for family lineage\nImplications for HLP rights\nInability to prove identity\n\n\n\n\n\n255\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInability to prove marriage\n\n\n\n\n\nHindrance in obtaining nationality/citizenship\nHindrance in obtaining other civil documents\nHindrance in accessing work\n\n\n\n\n\nInability to change social status\n\n\n\n\n\nHindrance in claiming marital rights\nInability to legally remarry\nInability to vote\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 50 100 150 200 250\n\n**Total Number of Respondents**\n\n\n**Access to Humanitarian Aid and Basic Services:** The most immediate and widely reported\nconsequence of missing documentation is the barrier it creates to accessing humanitarian aid and\nbasic services. This issue was highlighted by 77% of respondents who are missing civil documents.\nProper documentation is crucial for obtaining healthcare, education, food assistance, and financial\naid, all of which are vital for survival in conflict-affected areas. Without these documents, individuals\nrisk being excluded from essential services and thus being unable to meet their basic needs and\nincrease their exposure to protection risks.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration system", - "confidence": 0.9002202749252319, - "start": 118, - "end": 120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8854342699050903, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Access to Humanitarian Aid and Basic Services", - "confidence": 0.9076072573661804, - "start": 318, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.9487295746803284, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.8567003607749939, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In conflict settings such as NWS, humanitarian organizations often serve as the primary providers of\nthese services, with some respondents noting a reliance on the former SSG and, to a lesser extent, the\nSIG. The absence of formal documentation exacerbates cycles of poverty, hunger, and exposure to\nadditional protection impacts and rights violations, compounding long-term challenges for affected\nfamilies and hindering efforts to achieve stability and recovery.\n\n\n**Restricted Freedom of Movement:** The absence of documentation can also severely restrict freedom\nof movement, an issue noted by 47% of respondents who are missing civil documents. Travel within\nthe region or across checkpoints often requires valid identification from the relevant authority.\nIndividuals without proper documents may either chose to severely limit their areas of movement or\nrisk facing security threats including detention. The effect of this restriction on freedom of movement\nis particularly pronounced for displaced populations and those in rural or remote regions, where\nmobility is essential for accessing services, employment opportunities, and/or reuniting with family\nmembers. Limited freedom of movement also increases exposure to protection risks including via\nlimited access to service or heightened exposure to exploitation in remote areas without safety or\naccountability mechanisms.\n\n\n**Challenges in Registering Children and Establishing Family Lineage** : Lack of documentation poses\nsignificant barriers for registering children born into unregistered marriages. This was reported by 36%\nof respondents who lack civil documentation and is further compounded by Syria\u2019s nationality laws,\nwhich rely on patrilineal descent. Without formal registration, children risk statelessness and are often\ndenied access to legal rights and critical services, such as the right to education and healthcare.\nRespondents also highlighted broader implications for family lineage, with 27% identifying challenges\nin proving familial relationships, which can complicate inheritance claims, child custody arrangements,\nand other legal matters. These gaps in documentation have the potential to undermine family\nstability, security, and HLP rights.\n\n\n**Proving Identity and Citizenship:** This issue was highlighted by 21% of respondents who lack civil\ndocumentation. Additionally, 17% of respondents pointed to challenges in securing nationality or\ncitizenship, particularly for children, which leaves individuals vulnerable to legal invisibility and\nsystemic discrimination. Statelessness can also lead to the denial of basic rights and protections under\nthe law, further isolating those without proper documents.\n\n\n**Implications for HLP Rights:** Challenges related to HLP rights were identified by 26% of respondents\nwho lack civil documentation. Without documentation, individuals face difficulties asserting\nownership or inheritance claims, leaving them vulnerable to disputes or loss of assets. Women and\nwidows often face cultural and legal barriers when attempting to assert their property rights, further\ncompounding their risk of HLP rights violations in these situations.\n\n\n**Marriage and Marital Rights:** Issues related to marriage documentation were raised by 18% of\nrespondents who lack civil documentation, with individuals noting difficulties in asserting marital\nrights such as alimony or inheritance. Without formal marriage registration, individuals are excluded\nfrom legal protections, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Additionally, 10% of\nrespondents identified challenges in asserting marital rights, and 10% pointed to difficulties in legally\nremarrying after divorce or death of a spouse.\n\n\n**Hindrance in Obtaining Other Civil Documents:** The absence of one civil document often creates a\ncascading effect, making it difficult to obtain others. For 14% of respondents, the lack of a marriage\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "marriage registration", - "confidence": 0.5448561310768127, - "start": 552, - "end": 554 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.945025622844696, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "certificate or other key document prevented them from securing birth certificates or related records.\nThis interconnected issue perpetuates cycles of exclusion, further complicating the ability to access\nrights and services.\n\n\n**Accessing Work and Changing Social Status:** Lack of documentation was also reported as a barrier to\naccessing employment, as noted by 12% of respondents who lack civil documentation. Without proper\nidentification, individuals may be excluded from formal work opportunities, pushing them into\nprecarious or exploitative labor conditions. Additionally, 12% of respondents highlighted how the\nabsence of documents prevents individuals from changing their social status, affecting processes such\nas divorce or claiming widowhood.\n\n\n**Political Participation and Voting Rights:** Finally, 7% of respondents who lack civil documentation\nindicated that this absence excludes individuals from political participation, including the right to vote.\nIn regions where governance and representation remain contested, this exclusion marginalizes\nundocumented individuals, depriving them of a voice in decisions that directly affect their\ncommunities.\n\n\n**4- Assistance Needed to Obtain Missing Civil Documents**\n\n\nIn addition to revealing the multifaceted barriers individuals face in obtaining missing civil documents\nin northwest Syria, survey findings highlight the diverse types of assistance needed to address these\nchallenges. These include financial support, transportation aid, legal assistance, and increased access\nto registration centers, as well as awareness sessions to better inform individuals of their rights and\nthe necessary procedures.\n\n\n**Financial Assistance:** 86% of respondents who lack civil documentation indicated the need for\nfinancial assistance to cover the costs associated with obtaining documentation. These costs include\nregistration fees, transportation to centers, and other administrative expenses. For many families, the\neconomic strain of prolonged displacement, unemployment, and/or reliance on humanitarian aid has\nleft them unable to allocate the necessary funds for critical documentation. Without financial support,\neven the most basic steps in the documentation process remain inaccessible.\n\n\n**Transportation Support:** 67% of respondents who lack civil documentation highlighted the need for\ntransportation assistance. Registration centers are often located far from rural or camp settings,\nmaking travel difficult and expensive, especially for women, individuals with disabilities, and those\nliving in hard-to-reach areas. Transportation costs add to the financial burden of those most in need,\ncompounding the difficulties of accessing these essential documents.\n\n\n**Legal Aid and Technical Support:** 57% of respondents who lack civil documentation expressed the\nneed for legal aid to navigate the complex and often opaque procedures for obtaining civil\ndocumentation. Legal assistance is crucial for individuals facing specific challenges, such as registering\norphaned children or addressing disputes over documentation. Furthermore, awareness sessions on\nthe importance of civil documents and step-by-step guidance for the application process were\nrequested by 59% of respondents. Many of whom emphasized the need for ongoing legal education\nfor both women and men.\n\n\n**Improved Access to Registration Centres:** 16% of respondents suggested increasing the number of\nregistration centers or expanding staff capacity to reduce overcrowding, long wait times, and the\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "number of required trips. Additionally, improving access to existing centers, such as ensuring\ntransportation availability or establishing mobile offices in remote areas, was recommended to make\nthese services more accessible to all segments of the population.\n\n\n**Targeted Support for Groups who are at Greater Risk of Facing Protection Impacts:** Persons with\ndisabilities; child, elderly, or women headed households; orphans; widows; and the homeless face\nunique challenges in obtaining civil documentation. Of female respondents, 13% emphasized the\nimportance of having female legal professionals available to create a comfortable and culturally\nappropriate environment for women seeking legal help.\n\n\n**Conclusion and Recommendations**\n\n\nWith the collapse of the former government and establishment of the Syrian transitional government,\nseveral barriers to obtaining civil documentation in northwest Syria are expected to ease. Specifically,\nthere are diminished security risks as individuals no longer face detention or accusations for holding\ndocuments issued by the former SSG. Additionally, access and mobility have improved, with fewer\nfears crossing checkpoints and fears of being arrested or detained.\n\n\nDespite these positive developments, significant challenges remain, disproportionately affecting\ngroups of people at higher risks of facing protection concerns. These include:\n\n\n1. **Economic barriers and financial constraints** in covering legal and non-legal fees and costs;\n2. **Logistical and Mobility Issues** such as transportation or access to civil registries for those living\nin remote areas/camps or with limited mobility\n3. **Lack of legal awareness** in understanding the importance of civil documents and long-term\nrisks of remaining undocumented\n\n\nCivil documentation is expected to play an even more pivotal role given the rapidly shifting dynamics\nand the emergence of new priorities. These include advancing transitional justice and securing HLP\nrights in areas of origin or return. Proper documentation is necessary for individuals seeking redress\nfor human rights violations, serving as witnesses in court proceedings, and proving ownership or\ninheritance claims. Without valid civil documents, individuals may struggle to access justice, reclaim\nconfiscated property, or establish their legal identity in post-conflict settings. For example, families\nmay increasingly seek death certificates to address inheritance issues and recover assets, particularly\nin cases involving missing relatives.\n\n\nClosing the civil documentation gap is not merely a bureaucratic task\u2014it is essential for safeguarding\nthe rights and futures of Syrians, in the northwest and beyond. By addressing persistent barriers,\npreparing for emerging needs, and implementing inclusive solutions\u2014such as financial assistance,\nlegal assistance, and public legal awareness campaigns\u2014stakeholders can lay the foundation for a\nmore equitable and secure future for the next generation of Syrians. Below are key recommendations\nfor stakeholders:\n\n\n**To Humanitarian and Development Actors**\n\n\n1. **Address Financial Barriers**\n\n`o` Provide financial assistance to cover legal related costs.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Offer transportation subsidies or organized transport services for individuals traveling\nto registration centers.\n2. **Expand Legal Aid Services**\n\n`o` Provide free or low-cost legal counselling and assistance to support individuals\nnavigate complex documentation procedures.\n\n`o` Recruit both male and female legal professionals to create inclusive, culturally\nsensitive support systems.\n3. **Raise Public Awareness**\n\n`o` Launch legal awareness campaigns emphasizing the importance of civil\ndocumentation, its role in accessing rights and services, and its importance in seeking\nany redress or property restitution.\n\n`o` Share step-by-step guides in easily understandable language on application processes\nvia community sessions/workshops, printed materials, and local media.\n\n`o` Conduct legal awareness sessions on the importance of safeguarding and preserving\nexisting documents, and its role in transitional justice mechanisms such as restitution\nor compensation for a home or piece of land.\n\n`o` Provide tailored legal sessions specifically for women.\n4. **Ensure Protection and Risk Mitigation**\n\n`o` Ensure access to humanitarian assistance is not contingent upon possessing civil\ndocumentation.\n\n`o` Allow alternative forms of identity verification for accessing humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n\n**To Donors**\n\n\n\n1. **Fund Financial and Logistical Assistance Programs**\n\n\n\n\n`o` Allocate funding to legal assistance programming, including cash for legal related\ncosts such as document issuance and stamp fees as well as transportation.\n\n`o` Prioritize sustainable, long-term projects that enhance local capacity and civil\nregistration infrastructure.\n2. **Support Legal Awareness Campaigns**\n\n`o` Invest in public legal awareness campaigns/initiatives to inform affected populations\nof their rights and the processes for obtaining civil documentation, and how it\nconnects to their long-term reintegration/integration in Syria.\n3. **Strengthen Legal Support Services**\n\n`o` Expand legal aid networks by supporting the authorities to establish and staff new\nlegal aid centers or mobile legal aid centers in underserved regions.\n4. **Promote Inclusive Documentation Systems**\n\n`o` Support initiatives that ensure equitable access to legal documentation for women,\nindividuals with disabilities, and other marginalized groups.\n5. **Address Operational Constraints for Humanitarian Organizations**\n\n\n\n\n`o` Review and adjust restrictions on humanitarian actors' ability to provide legal\nassistance in northwest Syria including capacity building for local authorities, ensuring\nalignment with humanitarian principles and the right to legal identity.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**To the Transitional Government**\n\n\n\n1. **Expand Access to Registration Centers and Reduce Overcrowding**\n\n\n\n\n`o` Increase the number of registration centers, especially in underserved rural areas and\ndisplacement camps.\n\n`o` Hire additional staff at registration centers to minimize wait times and ensure efficient\nservice delivery.\n\n`o` Establish and deploy mobile registration units to reach remote or hard-to-access\nareas.\n2. **Simplify and Streamline Procedures**\n\n`o` Simplify bureaucratic processes for obtaining civil documentation, reducing the\nnumber of required supporting documents.\n\n`o` Establish a unified application process to minimize the number of in-person visits\nrequired.\n3. **Ensure Legal Identity for All Syrians**\n\n`o` Allow widows and women with absent husbands broader flexibility in providing\nevidence of marriage.\n\n`o` Ensure access to Syrian nationality for the children of widows and women with absent\nhusbands, preventing statelessness.\n4. **Improve Public Legal Awareness Campaigns**\n\n`o` Disseminate clear and accessible information on the importance of civil\ndocumentation and the steps required to obtain it.\n\n`o` Partner with community leaders, local media, and grassroots organizations to\nmaximize awareness efforts on and how valid and up-to-date civil documents\nconnects to their long-term reintegration/integration in Syria, as well as access to\ngovernment institutions and services.\n5. **Waive Fees and Fines**\n\n\n\n\n`o` Eliminate fees and penalties for Syrians unable to complete the documentation\nprocesses within the statutory period.\n\n`o` Simplify evidentiary requirements to facilitate access to documentation.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae4ceabb-d69f-47ba-aa7d-6acd96e39a26/NWS%20HLP%20AOR.%20Legal%20Needs%20Assessment%20Northwest%20Syria.%20Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 1.**\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThis report is based on research conducted between December 2024 and January 2025 to analyze the\nlegal needs of residents in Aleppo and Idlib. The study includes survey data from 371 households in\nformer SSG-controlled areas and 84 households in SIG-contolled areas of northwest Syria.\nRespondents were geographically distributed across Idlib (57% of the sample), including locations such\nas Harim, Dana, Idlib City, Teftnaz, Sarmin, Bennesh, Salqin, Kafr Takharim, Jisr al-Shughur, Badama,\nDarkoush, Jebel Saman, Ma\u2019arrat Tamasrin, and Ariha. The remaining 43 % of respondents were from\nAleppo, with participants from Azaz, Afrin, Atareb, and Daret Azza.\n\n\nThe survey sampled a diverse range of participants, reflecting various age groups, marital statuses,\nand displacement backgrounds to ensure a representative dataset. Among respondents, 20% were\naged 18\u201329, 64% were aged 30\u201359, and 8% were aged 60 or older. 36% the respondents were female,\nwhile 63% were male. Marital status data showed that 80% were married, 14% widowed, and the\nremaining were single, divorced, or separated. Respondents also came from different living\nenvironments, with 49% residing in urban areas, 30% in rural areas, and 22% in camps.\n\n|Displacement Status|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Displaced
|269
|\n|
Displaced Returnee
|
3
|\n|
Host Community
|
187
|\n|
Other
|
1
|\n|
Refugee
|
1
|\n|
Refugee Returnee
|
2
|\n|
**Total**|
**463**|\n\n\n\nData collection involved in person interviews using structured questionnaires administered by trained\nenumerators. Additionally, the research incorporated 16 key informant interviews with legal experts\nand community leaders, alongside a desk review, to provide deeper qualitative insights.\n\n\nWhile the survey achieved a strong response rate, it is important to note some limitations. The initial\ntarget of 500 respondents was not fully met, with a 93% completion rate. Furthermore, the analysis is\nlimited to regions under the administrative control of the former SSG and SIG, prior to the 08\nDecember shift in context. While rapidly evolving dynamics, including the collapse of the previous GoS\nand the establishment of the Syrian transitional government, posed limitations to capturing the full\nlegal and political context.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.8183743357658386, - "start": 40, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5597189664840698, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8013578057289124, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7893692255020142, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Marital status data", - "confidence": 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[], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98a92a32-42c6-4003-97c4-84f5eb17c544/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufffd\ufffd \u0627\u062a\ufffd\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\ufffd \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\ufffd\ufffd\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0645 :\n.\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\ufffd\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\ufffd\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\ufffd \u0623\ufffd\u0639\n\n\n\n\u0634\u062f\u0629\ufffd \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\ufe86\u062b\u0631\ufffd \ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0645 : \n\n\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\ufe86\u0648\u0646\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u0627\u062a\ufffd \u062a\u062d\u062f\ufffd\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\ufef9\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\ufffd\u0645\u0643\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u064650\n\n\n\n\u060c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627 :\u0627\ufef9\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062a\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u063150\n\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u064650", - "confidence": 0.5537430047988892, - "start": 520, - "end": 522 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98a92a32-42c6-4003-97c4-84f5eb17c544/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_496/raw/doc_496_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_496/raw/doc_496_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b5298e503354ca54bc341610149c7dd49408afde..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_496/raw/doc_496_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,510 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **YOUTH REPORT** **Protection barriers and risks**\n\n**NORTH-WEST SYRIA | Nov 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The NWS Protection Cluster would like to thank all partner organizations involved in the development of this\nreport, particularly the organizations engaged in the Protection Monitoring and Analysis Working Group (PMA WG)\nand the Inclusion Technical Working Group (ITWG) for their support with the data collection and analysis of the\nfindings.\n\nWe would also like to thank all Protection Cluster donors for their constant engagement and collaboration.\n\n_**Photo credits:**_\n\n\n_Upper left: Violet Organization/ Idleb/Salqin city/Youth camping_\n\n\n_Upper right: Violet org/ Idleb/Salqin City_\n\n\n_Center: Door Beyond War org/ Idleb/Idleb City_\n\n\n_Lower Left: Door Beyond War org/Idleb/Darkosh_\n\n**For additional information please contact** :\n\nLorena Nieto Savser Talostan\nNWS Protection Cluster Coordinator NWS Protection Cluster Co-Coordinator\n[nieto@unhcr.org](mailto:nieto@unhcr.org) [savser.talostan@rescue.org](mailto:savser.talostan@rescue.org)\n\n[T\u00fcrkiye Cross-border: Protection | ReliefWeb Response](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection)\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KEY HIGHLIGHTS** **[1]**\n\n\n\uf0d8 Most of the youth in NWS **face protection risks,** with 53% reporting homelessness and 55% experiencing\nexploitation, while 44% face gender-based violence.\n\n\n\uf0d8 75% of youth **lack access to protection services**, highlighting a significant gap in availability and\naccessibility.\n\uf0d8 77% of respondents indicate **no organizations offer tailored activities or services for youth** in NWS,\n**Specific youth groups**, such as those with disabilities 70%, adolescent females 40%, IDPs 48%, and\nhomelessness 36%, are identified as experiencing significant protection risks.\n\uf0d8 82% of **youth believe newly graduated youth have fewer working opportunities**, 66% of Youth actively\nparticipate in community-based structures, with 74% volunteering and 53% involved in outreach teams,\npromoting skill development, relationship building, and community contribution.\n\n\n\uf0d8 76% of youth in northwest Syria **perceive unequal opportunities for social participation,** with\ndiscrimination (85%), exclusion (34%), and stigmatization (15%) as key contributing factors.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Only 12% of **youth have access to capacity-building or empowerment activities**,\n\n\n\uf0d8 Expanded initiatives for **youth empowerment, leadership, and conflict resolution** are needed, with a\nfocus on essential skills development and resilience building.\n\n\n\uf0d8 20% of **youth have been threatened or felt afraid**, while 24% sometimes experience such feelings,\nimpacting their well-being.\n\n\n\uf0d8 25% of youth face **difficulties obtaining official documents due to their age**, hindering access to essential\nservices and resources.\n\n\n\uf0d8 **13% of youth report the presence of Unexploded** **Ordnance** (UXO) in their area, with 25% receiving\nsupport for clearance and 79% receiving awareness sessions, highlighting the need for increased support\nand safety measures.\n\n\n\uf0d8 83% of youth confirm **their family\u2019s own property in NWS,** 100% of them have ownership documentation,\n53% of them are occupied and 10% has been destroyed.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Youth engaged in the FDGs agreed that young people in NWS they face discrimination due to poverty,\nunemployment, war, and social factors. Women face sexual exploitation, harassment, early/forced\nmarriage, and lack of support. Men are neglected and face risks of recruitment, exploitation, and\npersecution. Addressing these issues requires combating corruption, raising awareness, and ensuring\nequal opportunities.\n\n\n1 The Protection Monitoring and Analysis working Group (PMA WG) of the Northwest Syria Protection Cluster, with support from the\nInclusion Technical working group (ITWG) coordinated an assessment of protection risks, impacts and between February and March2024.\n2176 of youth between 18 - 23 age were consulted, living in 34 sub-districts within the governorates of Northern Aleppo and Idleb in\nNorthwest Syria covering 225 communities.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment of protection risks", - "confidence": 0.5565950274467468, - "start": 522, - "end": 526 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring and Analysis working Group", - "confidence": 0.6833308935165405, - "start": 492, - "end": 498 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "youth between 18 - 23 age", - "confidence": 0.8711180686950684, - "start": 536, - "end": 542 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Detailed overview of findings**\n\n## **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n**Family compositions and access to services**\n\uf0d8 **Exploitation** **emerges as the most pressing protection risk, with 55%** of respondents identifying it as a\nsignificant concern. This high percentage suggests that youth in NWS are particularly vulnerable to various\nforms of exploitation, which may include labor exploitation, sexual exploitation, or other forms of abuse\nwhere individuals are coerced or taken advantage of in exchange for survival or basic needs.\n\uf0d8 **Closely following exploitation, homelessness was reported by respondents (53%)** as a significant risk.\nThis statistic highlights the acute housing crisis faced by youth in NWS, likely exacerbated by ongoing\nconflict and instability.\n\uf0d8 **Gender-based violence (GBV** ) is a critical issue for 44% of youth particularly related to physical, sexual,\nand psychological violence due to entrenched gender inequalities and the destabilizing effects of conflict.\nSexual violence has been identified as a grave impact that affects both men and women, particularly when\nlinked to detention.\n\uf0d8 **Drug abuse** is a concern for 31% of respondents; stress and trauma because of the ongoing conflict and\nmultilayered impacts of the war (lack of economic and educational opportunities, livelihoods) have driven\nyouth to substance abuse, also used as a method of recruitment to arm fractions.\n\uf0d8 **Forced displacement** is a pressing risk faced by respondents (28%), with direct impact on their family and\ncommunity networks, their mental health and their HLP rights.\n\uf0d8 **Recruitment** into armed groups, is also a pressing protection risks (11%) as the only alternative to secure\nbasic needs for them and their families in absence of educative and livelihoods opportunities.\n\uf0d8 **Disappearance is another significant risk, noted by 11%** of respondents. **7% of respondents identified**\n**arbitrary detention** as a pressing risk with direct impact on their freedom of expression and movement,\nas well as other rights violations.\n\uf0d8 **Torture is identified by 2% of respondents.**\n\nParticipants in the FDGs highlighted:\n\uf0d8 Need to **stress the role of women in society** and the need to enhance their involvement in mitigating these\nrisks; while **male emphasized the need to enhance digital security and regulating transportation to**\n**prevent abductions.**\n\uf0d8 Both male and female participants agreed on the **need to address the risks of torture, arbitrary detention,**\n**and enforced disappearance,** with a focus on awareness campaigns, community education, and\nsupporting local organizations.\n\uf0d8 The male group emphasized the importance of **strengthening local authorities' roles**, providing legal and\npsychological support, and ensuring a safe environment for young people. They also advocated for the\ncreation of specialized offices to receive reports of kidnappings or detentions, and the need for centralized\nsecurity under one authority.\n\uf0d8 **Psychological pressure and** traditional social roles were seen as restricting their freedom, with young\nwomen facing additional challenges such as forced marriage to relatives, and gender-based discrimination\nin job opportunities.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistic", - "confidence": 0.8865990042686462, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.9651359915733337, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "youth", - "confidence": 0.5873172283172607, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0d8 Male participants highlighted the **risks of violence, including indirect targeting through military**\n**operations, arbitrary detention, and torture** . They also emphasized the lack of control over the spread of\ndrugs, political exploitation of youth, and the dangers of illegal migration.\n\uf0d8 Young women also **endured physical and psychological violence**, limited access to education, and\ndeprivation of rights such as inheritance.\n\uf0d8 Female participants focused on the **negative consequences of early marriage, sexual exploitation, and**\n**the societal stigma attached to divorced women or those who delay marriage** .\n\uf0d8 Both genders mentioned concern regarding **increasing spread of electronic blackmail and defamation**,\nwhich exacerbated young people's vulnerabilities.\n\n## **ACCESS TO PROTECTION SERVICES**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 Youth in NWS face a significant gap in the availability\nand accessibility of essential protection services to\nmitigate the exposure to risks.\n\uf0d8 For those who have access, psychosocial support\n(68%), legal (41%), and case management (32%) are\nthe most frequent service they can access.\n\uf0d8 Despite the relevance of these services, through them,\nYouth can\u2019t address, in an effective manner, the\nexposure to, exploitation (55%), homelessness (53%)\nand gender-based violence (44%).\n\n\nWhen asked about the reasons why they were not able to\naccess these services, respondents said:\n\n\n\n**Does youth have access to protection services**\n**to mitigate risks?**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 **Discrimination** is the standing\nreason from their perspective,\nprobably associated with the way\ntargeting criteria has been\ndeveloped and implemented in\nNWS, prioritizing the same\npopulation groups across the year\nbased, mainly on vulnerability, age\nand gender, but forgetting to assess,\neffectively the diversity and\ndisproportionate exposure to\nparticular risks from specific\npopulation groups.\n\n**According to the FDGs:**\n\n\n\nLack of capacity and expertise\n\n\nExclusion\n\n\nData/Information gaps\n\n\nFear\n\n\nStigmatization\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**Why do you think youth is not being prioritized?**\n\n\nDiscrimination\n\n\nLack of awareness\n\n\n\n\n\n**66%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0d8 Youth noted that the **continuation of armed conflict increases vulnerability to exclusion** . Both groups\nagreed that addressing these issues requires tackling corruption, improving awareness, and ensuring equal\nopportunities for all.\n\uf0d8 **Absence of data** is also a relevant finding. Protection risks analysis on youth have not been produced in a\nsystematic manner in NWS, thus the identification of the particularity of the risks the population group\nfaces has not been documented, or even assessed. Concrete risks such as exploitation, forced labor, forced\nrecruitment have been addressed, to some extent, for children (until 18 years), but not for young people\n(18-23).\n\uf0d8 Findings also highlight the **need to have enhanced technical expertise** to assess, analyze and design\nadequate responses for youth, that take into consideration the specific exposure to specific risks by young\nmen and young women, and doesn\u2019t neglect these considerations in an equal manner.\n\uf0d8 When asking youth if there are any mitigation strategies in place for these risks, results indicate that 47%\nof youth in northwest Syria report the presence of mitigation strategies for protection risks, while 53% do\nnot. Among those who have access to mitigation strategies, the most common approaches include\n**awareness sessions (90%), community networks (53%) protection analysis (44%). The** main gap remains\non specific strategies to mitigate impacts on **the safety, evacuation routes and well-being** .\n\uf0d8 According to the survey findings, a significant majority of respondents (77%) indicated **that there are**\n**currently no organizations**, institutions, agencies, or entities offering tailored and specialized activities or\nservices specifically designed for youth in northwest Syria.\n\n\n\uf0d8 79% of the respondents believe some groups within youth are facing **disproportionate impacts** :\n\n\n\nYoung parents, the only segment of this\npopulation groups with some level of access to\nservices and programs, was not identified by\nrespondents as one of the groups at heightened\nrisk. The attribution of 15% to **young people**\n**belonging to minorities** is relevant finding,\nconsidering that, it is a high percentage for a\nsmall group. **IDPs** as the second group exposed\nto higher impact represents a need to better\nunderstand the specificities of the risks faced by\nthem; also, relevant to see that adolescent men\nseem to face increased risks than adolescent\nwomen. Absence of data on the particularities\nof these risks faced by both genders limits the\naccuracy of the programmatic response.\n\n\n\nThose that belong to minorities\n\n\nBelonging to host communities\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n**If yes, which groups?**\n\n\nThose with disabilities\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\nAdolescent men\n\n\nAdolescent women\n\n\nHomeless\n\n\nThose with mental health issues\n\n\nSurvivors of violence\n\n\n\n\n\n**70%**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.6767388582229614, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **LEGAL AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 36% of the respondents perceive the **security situation as challenging**, 34% as not stable and 29% as stable\nand safe. However, when asked whether they had felt threatened of afraid, 55% said no, 24% sometimes\nand 21% yes.\n\uf0d8 When asked about **access to official documents**,\nyouth seem to have ambivalent feelings. Half of **Have you ever encountered difficulties**\n\n**obtaining official documents due to being**\n\nthem answered they didn\u2019t face challenges, and the\n\n**young?**\n\nother half said yes or sometimes. Withing the\nchallenges identified through FDGs youth\n\ndiscrimination, and confusion related to **23%**\noverlapping procedures.\n\uf0d8 On this regard, the survey showed, that 13% of the\nrespondents **did not have any civil documentation**\ndue to:\n\n\n\n**Have you ever encountered difficulties**\n**obtaining official documents due to being**\n**young?**\n\n\n\n**23%**\n\n\n\n\n\ni) **financial constraints** : the cost associated with\nacquiring these documents whether it be fees,\ntransportation costs, or other related expenses.\n\n\n\n**52%**\n\n\n\nii) **Lack of knowledge about the process** : gap in knowledge and awareness, possibly due to insufficient\noutreach or complex bureaucratic procedures that are not well-communicated to the public. Additionally,\nthe presence of multiple authorities complicates the process of acquiring recognized identification\ndocuments, which is essential for accessing various services and opportunities.\n\niii) **Absence of supporting documents** : this may reflect broader issues such as displacement, loss of\ndocuments due to conflict or disaster, or systemic barriers that prevent individuals from ever being\ndocumented in the first place\n\niv) **Fear** : including distrust in government authorities, fear of discrimination or persecution, or concerns\nabout potential repercussions in conflict-affected areas. In the FDGs youth also mentioned fears related\nto recruitment, arbitrary detention, disappearance, and torture due to lack of documentation or during\nthe process to obtaining it.\n\n\n**If no, why you don't have civil documentation?**\n\n**68%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDont have the money to get it Dont know the process to get\nit\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\nThey/I do not have any\nsupporting civil documents\n\n\n\nI am afraid of getting it\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9890005588531494, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6050354242324829, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.960446834564209, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FDGs youth", - "confidence": 0.7217951416969299, - "start": 382, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.8133966326713562, - "start": 377, - "end": 379 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FDGs also showed:\n\n\n\uf0d8 Both male and female participants noted a **lack of coordination among government institutions**, with\nmales emphasizing the need for centralization and the bureaucratic nature of the process, while females\nhighlighted challenges posed by the diversity of authorities in different regions, making it difficult to obtain\nrecognized identification documents.\n\n\uf0d8 **Bureaucratic Challenges:** Male participants pointed out complex, costly procedures reliant on paper\ndocumentation, while females raised concerns about the loss of identification papers due to conflict and\nthe forgery of documents for benefits.\n\uf0d8 **Costly procedures:** The male group further detailed the issues surrounding complex and costly\nprocedures, including the non-use of electronic forms and a complete reliance on paper documentation.\nCorruption within government institutions, coupled with nepotism and the widespread practice of bribery,\nexacerbates these challenges. They also highlighted the physical distance between government centers,\nthe difficulty of accessing them, and the high fees involved in obtaining official documents.\n\n\uf0d8 **Calls for Reform** : Both groups advocated for streamlined processes, improved accessibility to government\ncenters, and awareness campaigns to help young people secure necessary official documents efficiently.\n\uf0d8 **Loss of Documentation:** Female participants focused on the loss of important identification papers due\nto conflict or displacement, and the inability to register marriages in courts during previous periods, which\ncreated long-term issues. They also mentioned the forgery of documents for material or relief benefits,\nadministrative inefficiencies, and the overcrowding of government centers, which slows down the\nprocess. Additionally, they pointed out that local documents were not recognized internationally, leading\nto exploitation as individuals are forced to request documents from regime-controlled areas for exorbitant\nfees.\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 The survey results suggest that **elevated tensions and frequent clashes are a significant concern** for many\nyoung people in northwest Syria. Specifically, 22% of the respondents reported that their community or\nliving area is currently experiencing elevated tensions and frequent clashes, while 38% sometimes\nexperienced such situations.\n\n**Is your community experiencing elevated**\n\n\uf0d8 This suggests that a substantial proportion of the youth **tensions and frequent clashes?**\nin the region are living in a state of insecurity and\n\n40% of the respondents reported that their community **38%**\nor living area is not currently experiencing elevated\ntensions and frequent clashes. This perception is\nconsistent with the available surveys and assessments\nrun by the NWS PC, on the escalation of hostilities\nstarted in October 2023 and still ongoing.\n\uf0d8 The survey also explored the **presence of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)** in the living areas of youth in\nnorthwest Syria, along with their experiences of receiving support for clearance and awareness, 13%\nreporting presence in their area. Among those who reported the presence of UXO, 25% received help or\nsupport for clearance, and 79% of those who received support reported that it included an awareness\nsession about explosive ordnance exchange.\n\n\n\n**Is your community experiencing elevated**\n**tensions and frequent clashes?**\n\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7898232340812683, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8227119445800781, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9449336528778076, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6362991333007812, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young people", - "confidence": 0.5697704553604126, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available surveys and assessments", - "confidence": 0.9418394565582275, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9430872201919556, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NWS PC", - "confidence": 0.931152880191803, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.870164692401886, - "start": 497, - "end": 499 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9201326966285706, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7267032861709595, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **LIVING CONDITIONS**\n\n\uf0d8 Majority of youth in northwest Syria **live with their**\n**family** (85%), some (10%) live with their family and\nother families, and 3% live with younger brothers\nand sisters, 1% live alone, 1% live with friends, and\nless than 1% live with neighbors.\n\n\n\nCamps\n\n\n\n**Where do you live?**\n\n\nHouse\n\n\n\n**52%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- **The overwhelming majority of youth living**\n**with** **their** **families** **underscores** the\nimportance of family structures in providing\nstability and support. This arrangement\nlikely offers a sense of security, emotional\nsupport, and shared resources, which are\ncrucial, especially in uncertain or crisis\nsituations.\n\n\n\nCollective Center\n\n\n\nUnfinished Shelter\n\n\nApartment\n\n\nTent (Outside camp)\n\n\nCaravan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- **Youth living with their family and other**\n**families,** might reflect socio-economic\npressures that lead to shared living arrangements to pull resources. Such arrangements can offer\nsocial and economic support, but may also introduce complexities such as overcrowding, privacy\nconcerns, exposure to protection risks, increased tension due to differing household dynamics.\n\n\n\n\n - **Youth living with only their younger siblings,** suggests they may be in a caregiving role, possibly\ndue to the absence of parents or other guardians. This situation can place additional stress,\nimpacting their ability to focus on education, work, or social and Mental health activities. It may\nalso highlight the vulnerability of these households, where young people are taking on adult roles\nat an early age.\n\n - **Youth living alone 1%,** might reflect a variety of circumstances, such as orphanhood,\nestrangement from family, or personal choice housing arrangements for these young people might\nbe scarce and lead to homelessness with enhanced exposure to protection risks. Groups living in\nthis situation might be facing increased challenges to access services. **Respondents living with**\n**friends** might also be exposed to disproportionate impacts, particularly recruitment, exploitation,\ntrafficking, and smuggling.\n\uf0d8 When asking if they were responsible **for providing financial support at least to one family member**,45%,\nindicate that they do. This finding highlights the significant economic pressures faced by youth who may\nbe shouldering the burden of supporting their families in the context of limited employment opportunities,\ndisplacement, and poverty.\n\n\n**House, land, and property related rights**\n\n\n83% of the respondents **confirmed their family-owned property in Syria**, and 100% of them confirmed they had\nownership documents at hand. When asked about the status of those properties, more than half confirmed them to\nbe occupied.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Throughout the war, HLP rights violations has been one\nof the main impacts, particularly related to\n**secondary/unauthorized occupation, destruction,**\n**and confiscation** . Absence of ownership documents\n(either due to loss or verbal agreements) increased the\nexposure to house, land, and property related\nviolations. In the case of youth, these risks are\nenhanced, due to **lack of procedures to secure tenure**\n**for youth when parents have died** .\n\n\n\nOccupied I don't\nknow\n\n\n\n**What is the status if your familys property?**\n\n\n\n**54%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAbandoned Destroyed Rented Confiscated\n\n\n\nFamily separation, lack of access to legal services,\ninformality on tenure, ethnic background,\ndiscrimination, are some of the existing drivers for **additional HLP violations for youth** . The percentage of destroyed\nproperties documented by the survey raised additional concerns related to future restitution of HLP rights for young\npeople and the need to safeguarding these documents for transitional justice purposes.\n\n\n\nYouth participating in the FDGs also mentioned:\n\n\n\uf0fc **Property Ownership Dynamics** : Both male and female participants recognized three main groups in property\nissues related issues, local owners, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and tenants, with many properties\noccupied by military factions or families unable to return. The male group highlighted that many properties in\nregime-controlled areas have been taken over by military factions or families, often due to disputes or conflict.\nSimilarly, female participants noted that most properties are occupied by military factions or families unable\nto return, with only a small percentage of original owners still in possession of their homes.\n\uf0fc **Risks to Property Security** : Participants identified significant threats to property, including displacement,\nconflict-related damage, and natural disasters, with males highlighting challenges like non-recognition of\ndocuments and military control over properties. The male group added challenges like non-recognition of\nofficial documents, forced displacement, and demographic changes that prevent property recovery. They also\nmentioned military control over properties, particularly those near conflict zones and foreign military bases,\nas well as the conversion of public assets into private projects. Female participants emphasized poverty,\nfactional control, and the absence of legal authority as barriers to reclaiming property.\n\uf0fc **Barriers to submit HLP claims:** Both groups noted that poverty, factional control, and a lack of legal authority\nhinder property restitution, emphasizing the complex challenges faced by owners due to ongoing conflict and\nweak legal frameworks. Both groups identified significant risks to property, including displacement, migration,\nartillery and air bombardment, and vulnerability to natural disasters like earthquakes. These discussions\nhighlight the severe challenges faced by property owners, exacerbated by conflict, poverty, military control,\nand weak legal frameworks in the region.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9787343740463257, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8470691442489624, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AND LIVELIHOODS**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 The results show a diverse range of activities that\nthe youth are participating in, with some\nparticipating in multiple activities. A significant\nproportion of young people, (42%), are **engaged**\n**in work/employment** . Identification of risks of\nexploitation, particularly in connection with the\nspecific groups mentioned above to asses\u2019 risks\nof rights violations remains as a pressing need. In\nsome areas in NWS, like Al Bab, youth is engaged\nin informal petroleum refineries with a\nheightened exposure to risks to their health and\nsafety.\n\n\n\n**What activities are youth in NWS engaged in?**\n\n\nWork\n\n\n\n**42%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 An alarming 27% of the respondents said that\n\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nUnpaid work\n\n\nSports activities\n\n\nCommunity-based work\n\n\nReligious activities\n\n\nNone\n\n\n\nCultural activities\n\n\n\n\n\nthey are doing **unpaid work** . The risks of\nexploitation and abuse linked to hazardous jobs\nand possible slavery need to be assessed further, particularly if any of these activities is under the control\nof armed groups in northwest Syria.\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 Despite the challenges, the survey also reveals a positive trend of **youth engagement in their communities**\n(20%), however, 17% are not accessing any form of work-related activity, situation that can also lead to\nrisks of recruitment or engagement in illegal activities (including smuggling), as well as drug abuse.\n\nThe results also show that a significant majority of young people, (82%), **do not believe that newly graduated**\n**youth have the same working opportunities** as those who have already graduated or have previous work\nexperience. Lack of job opportunities represent the biggest barriers for recently graduated youth, most likely, in\nthe case of NWS, humanitarian organizations constitute the biggest employment alternative, however, lack of\nexperience can also represent a barrier for youth to access.\n\nFDGs showed that:\n\n\uf0d8 **Young women are especially vulnerable to sexual exploitation, harassment, and early or forced**\n**marriages**, leading to social exclusion and lack of support, particularly for divorced women. Femaleheaded households and displaced individuals also face discrimination.\n\n\uf0d8 The male group highlighted that **corruption, regionalism, and favoritism in employment** and resource\ndistribution exacerbate discrimination, with young people often being excluded from opportunities. They\nalso noted that the continuation of armed conflict increases vulnerability to exclusion.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AND LIVELIHOODS", - "confidence": 0.5929712057113647, - "start": 4, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NWS", - "confidence": 0.7066819071769714, - "start": 93, - "end": 94 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9657166600227356, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6193982362747192, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.7704129815101624, - "start": 203, - "end": 205 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young people", - "confidence": 0.5765184760093689, - "start": 280, - "end": 282 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY- BASED ENGAGEMENT**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 Engagement of youth in community-based structures\n(34%), is mainly through **volunteer groups** (74%), **Do the Youth actively participate in Community-**\n\n**Based Structures?**\n\n**outreach teams** (53%), **safety brigades and clubs**\n(30%).\n\nthese structures, perceived or actual barriers to\n\nbelief that these structures do not address their\nneeds or concerns. **n mplaints and feedback**\n**mechanisms**\n\uf0d8 **Regarding social participation, youth believe they do not have equal opportunities** (76%), 85% attributed\nthis perception to discrimination, 34% to and 15% to stigmatization. These findings suggest that a\nsignificant portion of youth feel marginalized and unable to fully participate in social activities within their\ncommunities.\n\uf0d8 Only 12% of respondents reported **having access to capacity building and empowerment activities** . The\nmain areas of training accessed by this 12% are capital for citizenship, peaceful coexistence, social and\ncommunity networks and peaceful resolution of conflict, as well as peacebuilding and restitution of rights.\nExpansion of these capacities across NWS remains as a priority to guarantee effective engagement and\nsupport to the future generations in the reconstruction of their social and capital networks.\n\n\uf0d8 The survey results indicate that a significant\nmajority of youth in Northwest Syria, 92% **Which services are requiered by youth to**\n\n**improve their situation?**\n\nindicated that **youth require various services to**\n**address their needs and aspirations** . The most\nidentified services required by youth include\nimproving **livelihoods and mental wellbeing** .\n\nhumanitarian aid. **Literacy** (23%) is also a\nsignificant finding of this study that should be\neasily address by humanitarian actors.\n\nDuring the FDGs youth also mentioned:\n\n\n\n**Do the Youth actively participate in Community-**\n**Based Structures?**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Which services are requiered by youth to**\n**improve their situation?**\n\n\n\nFunding for small projects\n\n\n\n**84%**\n\n\n\nVocational Training\n\n\n\n\n\nGroup PSS\n\n\n\n\n\nLiteracy\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividual PSS\n\n\n\n\n\nMHPSS\n\n\n\n\n\nSexual and Reproductive\u2026\n\n\n\n\n\nCyber Security\n\n\n\n\n\n\uf0fc **Shared Commitment to Youth Empowerment** : Both male and female participants emphasized the critical\nrole of education, training, and job opportunities in fostering community engagement and societal growth.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9437819719314575, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8316807150840759, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9661121964454651, - "start": 276, - "end": 278 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "youth", - "confidence": 0.8707734942436218, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0fc **Divergent Priorities** : The male group focused on leadership development, youth representation in\ndecision-making, and creating legal protections, while the female group prioritized psychological support\nand safe spaces for self-expression.\n\uf0fc **Support for Initiatives** : Both groups called for educational courses, volunteer programs, and funding for\nyouth-led initiatives, highlighting the need for continuous support and reduced barriers to enhance job\nopportunities.\n\uf0fc **Networking** and supporting youth unions, associations, and groups to reduce risks by being a strong\norganized entity.\n\uf0fc Both groups called for **educational courses, development projects, volunteer programs, and funding for**\n**youth-led initiatives to foster societal growth** .\n\n`o` The males group emphasized **leadership development**, youth representation in decision-making\nbodies, and creating legal and financial protections through infrastructure. They also highlighted\nremote work, digital security, and special environments for females ensuring privacy and safe\naccess.\n\n`o` The female group focused on **psychological and social support**, promoting safe spaces for youth\nto express themselves and discover talents, and suggested reducing experience barriers to widen\njob opportunities.\n\n`o` They also pushed for career rotation and continuous support for **education** as a foundation for\nsociety. While both groups shared a commitment to youth empowerment, the female group\nleaned more toward social and psychological well-being, whereas the male group prioritized\nleadership, structure, and legal safeguards.\n\n## **HEALTH AND DISABILITY**\n\n**Health and disability**\n\n\n\nA small percentage (7%) identify as having a disability [2] according to the\nWashington Group classification. Within youth with disabilities, **males**\n**constitute the majority** (72%) compared to females (28%).\nDisproportionate impact of disability on young men should be the driver\nof additional data collection to develop specific programs to address\ntheir needs and exposure to risks.\n\n\n\n**Person with disabilities by**\n**gender**\n\n\n**Male**\n**72%**\n\n\n\n\uf0d8 The majority of young people in northwest Syria, (84%), do not\nface any health problems conditions. However, a significant 16%\nreported facing health issues, with varying levels of access to\nhealth services and medication.\n\uf0d8 Regarding access to health services, the results indicate that only 47% of those with health problems,\nconditions or disabilities have access to health services, while 53% do not.\n\uf0d8 56% of youth with health problems, conditions or disabilities **do not have access to adequate medication** .\n\n\n2 https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Disability types among youth** :\n\n\n\n\n- **Walking:** significant portion of the population faces\nmobility challenges, which can severely impact their daily **Disability Type**\nactivities and quality of life.\n\nWalking\n\n- **Remembering:** This type of disability can lead to\n\nfurther complicating the lives of those affected.\n\n- **Washing:** broader challenges related to personal hygiene\n\nnavigate their environment, access written information,\nand engage in daily activities, highlighting the need for targeted support and resources.\n\n- **Communicating** : This can hinder social interactions and access to information, services and further\nisolating individuals with disabilities. It can also affect their capacity to self-protect and request support\nand help.\n\n- **Hearing:** significant barrier to communication and social engagement.\n\n\n\n**Disability Type**\n\n\n\nWalking\n\n\n\n**40%**\n\n\n\nRemembering\n\n\n\n\n\nWashing\n\n\n\n\n\nSeeing\n\n\n\n\n\nCommunicating\n\n\n\n\n\nHearing\n\n\n\n\n\n**Key Recommendations** **[23]**\n\n\n**Voices of NWS young men and women:**\n\n - Improve education, support remote work opportunities, and reduce the cost of higher education.\n\n - Collaborate to address the challenges faced by young people.\n\n - Support networking and youth unions, associations, and groups to reduce risks.\n\n - Improve transportation services for both young males and females to reduce security risks.\n\n - Provide awareness programs about the dangerous impact of drug abuse and its effects on youth.\n\n - Encourage and fund sports, cultural, and social activities as positive alternatives for youth.\n\n - Target youth in all humanitarian funded projects.\n\n - Ensuring safe work environments for women that guarantee their rights.\n\n - Improving access to education services and providing a safe environment for young males and females.\n\n - Reduce discrimination.\n\n - Design concrete measure to avoid additional rights violations.\n\n - Acknowledge youth role on peacebuilding for the prevention of new cycles of violence.\n\n**Recommendations for Donors:**\n\n1. **Request prioritization of youth sectorial and intersectoral program designs,** pooled fund allocations; as\nwell as in yearly strategic documents developed for calls for applications in the humanitarian development\nsectors.\n\n\n3 Separated document with detailed recommendation is available on the Northwest Syria Protection Cluster official website\n[under the ITWG products: https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection)\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. **Prioritize Funding for Comprehensive Services for Youth:** Allocate funds specifically for programs\naddressing the needs of at heightened risk youth groups, including those with disabilities, homeless, with\nan ethnic background and facing protection impacts. S\n\n3. **Support community-based initiatives** that provide safe spaces, counseling, and support services for youth\nat risk particularly to address exposure to trafficking and smuggling, recruitment, exploitation, etc.\n\n4. **Support Youth Empowerment and Participation:** Invest in capacity-building programs that provide youth\nwith essential skills such as leadership, conflict resolution, and entrepreneurship, while also supporting\ninitiatives that promote their participation in community-based structures.\n\n5. **Advocate for equal opportunities for social participation** by addressing issues of discrimination,\nexclusion, and stigmatization.\n\n6. **Fund Programs Addressing Civil Documentation:** Fund programs that facilitate access to official\ndocuments for youth, particularly those facing financial barriers or lack of knowledge.\n\n7. **Partnerships and Collaboration:** Engorge collaboration among humanitarian organizations to ensure a\ncomprehensive response to the needs of youth. Encourage partnerships with local communities to\nidentify and address their most pressing needs.\n\n8. **Support advocacy efforts to promote policies and funding** that support the protection, empowerment,\nand well-being of youth.\n\n\n**Recommendations for Cluster Coordinators, UN Agencies, and HLG Members:**\n\n**1.** **Develop data collection and surveys to identify the specific needs of youth,** considering also cross cutting\nissues including ethnic and religious background, gender, age and living conditions (ex. homelessness)\n\n**2.** **Design youth-oriented strategies to address existing needs, gaps, and risk,** with specific consultation and\nparticipation mechanisms to guarantee modalities and interventions are discusses and agreed with them.\n**3.** **Increase the availability and accessibility of tailored services for young people**, focusing on addressing\ngender-based violence, exploitation, recruitment, trafficking and smuggling and homelessness from an\nintersectional perspective.\n**4.** **Prioritize youth as a at heightened risks population group** during the development allocation strategies for\npooled funds and UN Funding mechanism (CERF).\n\n\n**B. Recommendations for National and International NGOs:**\n\n1. **Expand Protection Services and Targeted Interventions:** Increase the availability and accessibility of\nprotection services particularly related to adequate housing, livelihoods, access to health and medication\nand support to those facing drug addiction. focusing on the unique needs of\n\n2. **Prioritize youth in programs design:** particularly youth lead HHs, those with disabilities, homeless and\nseparated from their families.\n\n3. **Enhance Capacity Building to strengthen your engagement in community led processes and networks:**\nbuilding on the experience they already have on peaceful coexistence, pacific resolution of conflict, rule\nof law and overall engagement on governance and risk mitigation.\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. **Foster Partnerships and Collaboration:** Strengthen collaboration and coordination among humanitarian\norganizations to ensure a comprehensive response to the needs of youth, engage with local communities\nand organizations to identify and address the most pressing needs.\n\n5. **Invest in Mental Health and Well-being:** Provide accessible mental health services to address the\npsychosocial needs of youth, including those affected by conflict, violence, and trauma by Promote\nresilience-building activities to help youth cope with adversity and develop healthy coping mechanisms\nand offering specialized support for youth at risk of self-harm or suicide.\n\n**6.** **Address Access to Essential Services and Resources:** Facilitate access to official documents for youth,\nespecially those facing financial barriers or lacking knowledge, by implementing subsidized programs to\nlower the costs associated with obtaining civil documentation. Additionally, conduct public awareness\ncampaigns to highlight the importance of civil documentation and inform young people about the\nresources available to them.\n**7.** **Strengthen Safety and Security:** Prioritize efforts to clear unexploded ordnance (UXO) to reduce risks for\nyouth and communities, while also providing comprehensive awareness sessions and training on UXO\nsafety measures. Additionally, offer support and assistance to communities impacted by UXO\ncontamination to help them recover and rebuild. In addition to coordinate with the local authorities and\nto improve transportation services for both young males and females to reduce security risks associated\nwith using unsafe alternatives.\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c5b464d-c458-4d8b-ba44-cc34813fda56/NWS%20PC.%20Youth%20Protection%20Risks%20and%20Impacts%20Report.%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_497/raw/doc_497_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_497/raw/doc_497_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bb3f514eff3bf71482e0cc67ba4d3c9fb93ccd46..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_497/raw/doc_497_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,293 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **FOREWORD**\n\nThis year\u2019s Nansen Refugee Award winner, Aqeela Asifi, is being honoured for her\ncourageous work and significant contribution to refugee girls\u2019 education. Since\narriving in Kot Chandana refugee village in Punjab, Pakistan, 23 years ago, Asifi\nhas worked tirelessly to allow the girls of its deeply conservative and impoverished\nAfghan refugee community to access primary and secondary education. To date,\nher hard work, sensitivity to cultural and religious values, and persistence have\nresulted in one thousand girls having the opportunity to attend her school at both\nprimary and secondary level, receiving national lower secondary certification. Two\ngenerations of graduates have passed through her school, going on to become\nteachers, pursue further education and support their families, in Pakistan as well\nas upon their return to Afghanistan.\n\n\nThe true value of Asifi\u2019s contribution to her community and girls\u2019 education as a\nwhole is difficult to comprehend without understanding the extremely challenging\ncontext within which she has operated over the past 23 years. This report seeks\nto provide that context. Drawn from field interviews in Pakistan, as well as desk\nresearch, this report will look at the education landscape for Afghan refugees\nin Pakistan, with a special focus on girls. It will outline some of the challenges\nchildren face in accessing quality education and the dangers if quality education\nis not provided \u2013 for both boys and girls. It also aims to highlight the considerable\nbenefits primary and secondary education can offer \u2013 for the individual, the community, the host country and the country of origin. Finally, this report will review\nsome of the ongoing innovative efforts to deliver increased access to quality\neducation for Afghan refugees in the South West Asia region.\n\n\nWritten by: Charlotte Jenner\n\n\nCover page photo: \u00a9UNHCR/Sebastian Rich\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **1. INTRODUCTION**\n\nConflict is one of the most powerful determinants of whether a child is out of school. Half of the world\u2019s\nout-of-school children are in conflict zones. That\u2019s a staggering 29 million young minds (1) out of\nthe classroom. Statistics show that when conflict disrupts a child\u2019s education they are less likely to\nresume (2). The tragic irony is that those countries whose children are out of school are the very\nones that are in the greatest need of educated citizens to help them rebuild. Afghanistan is a prime\nexample of such a nation.\n\n\n\nAfghan refugees are one of the largest and longest displaced\npopulations in the world. Three decades of recurrent conflict has led to the education of successive generations of\nAfghan refugee children being disrupted, discontinued or\nforgotten, due to a range of barriers that are largely outside\ntheir control.\n\n\nToday an estimated 2.6 million Afghans remain in exile\n\n- mainly hosted by Pakistan and the Islamic Republic\nof Iran. Pakistan is the second largest refugee-hosting\ncountry in the world, hosting around 1.5 million Afghan\n\n\n_1_ _97 per cent of Afghan refugees in Iran are living in urban_\n_or semi-urban areas._\n\n\n\nrefugees, a figure that accounts for 10.5 per cent of the total\nglobal refugee population (3). Iran hosts around 950,000\nAfghan refugees [1] .\n\n\nThe Afghan refugee population in both Pakistan and Iran is\nyoung, with second and third generations of children having\nbeen born into displacement. Children below the age of 14\naccount for half of the 2.45 million Afghan refugees in both\nPakistan and Iran (3), while youth (aged 15-24) also makes\nup a significant proportion [2] of the population.\n\n\n_2_ _20 per cent of Afghan refugees in Pakistan are aged_\n_between 15-24 (http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/_\n_uploads/2012/11/PPVR-Report.pdf)_\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### A challenging education context\n\nIn the best of circumstances, educating more than a million\nschool age refugees would be a major challenge. Pakistan\nand Iran face innumerable obstacles educating their own\npopulations, yet both countries generously allow refugee\nchildren to attend their schools. Despite this, enrollment of\nAfghan children in education remains low.\n\n\nIn Pakistan, some 80 per cent of the school age Afghan\nrefugee population is currently out of school (4), resulting\nin extremely low literacy among Afghan refugees. Only an\nestimated 33 per cent of Afghan refugees in Pakistan are\nable to read and write. Literacy among women and girl\nrefugees is even lower at approximately 7.6 per cent (5).\n\n\nAccess to education for Afghan refugees in Pakistan sits\nwithin an extremely challenging national education context.\nPakistan has the second largest number of out-of-school\nchildren in the world, with an estimated 25 million Pakistani\nchildren out-of-school. (6). Some 62 per cent of those\nchildren are girls. As a result of these low levels of access\nto education, 45 per cent of the adult Pakistani population\nis illiterate and less than half of the female population over\nthe age of 15 in Pakistan are able to read and write (7).\n\n\nIn Iran, 98 per cent of the Iranian population aged 15 - 24\nis literate and 94 per cent of the population complete\nprimary school (8). Afghan refugees have the right to\naccess Iranian public schools, although fees can be\nrestrictive for some Afghan families. That said, in the 2013\n-2014 school year, 338,276 refugee children, Afghan and\nIraqi, accessed education in Iran, a seven per cent increase\non the previous year.\n\n\n\nIn Afghanistan, the education landscape has improved\nsignificantly since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Enrolment\nrates in Afghan schools have risen, with girls\u2019 enrolment in\nprimary rising from less than 40 per cent to over 80 per cent\nand secondary rising from 5 per cent to over 34 per cent.\nIn just five years, literacy among women and girls aged 15\nto 24 has also increased to 30 per cent nationwide and\nto almost 40 per cent among young urban women in\nAfghanistan. Whilst these figures are still low, relatively\nspeaking, they show a promising improvement in just five\nshort years (9). However barriers remain, particularly for\nreturnees including poverty, socio-cultural restrictions upon\ngirls, poor infrastructure and lack of qualified teaching\nstaff, particularly female teachers. In provinces plagued by\nconflict and instability, as few as one per cent of teachers\nare female. In Afghanistan an estimated 3.5 million children\nare still out of school (10).\n\n\nBecause of the protracted nature of the Afghan displacement, where the education of first generation refugees had\nbeen cut short by displacement or was non-existent, second\nand third generations encounter barriers due to poverty,\nstrict socio-cultural traditions or other institutional reasons.\nThis self-perpetuating cycle particularly affects girls. Low\nnumbers of girl graduates leads to steadily decreasing\nnumbers of female teachers for higher grades, further\nlimiting access to primary and secondary education for\nfuture generations.\n\n\nThis not only impacts the Afghan refugee community in\nPakistan but has far reaching implications in Afghanistan\ntoo, restricting opportunities for sustainable return, stifling\nthe vast potential of Afghan refugee youth and limiting\nnational progress in education and development.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Powerful potential\n\nWhen Afghan refugee children are given the opportunity to\naccess primary and secondary education, whether through\npublic schools in their host countries or through communitybased mechanisms, the positive results are self-perpetuating\n\n- not only improving the lives of individual Afghan students\nbut those of their families, wider community and future generations. Children and youth who access education and training\nare better equipped to contribute to their host communities\nduring displacement and play their part in the development\nof their country of origin \u2013 as teachers, doctors, engineers or\nother members of the Afghan workforce. Educated girls go on\nto become educated mothers, who are able to support their\nchildren\u2019s schooling, contribute financially, and address their\nown and their families\u2019 health and wellbeing.\n\n\nThe tireless work of educators and community activists, such\nas this year\u2019s Nansen Refugee Award winner, is testament\nto the fact that solutions can be found, even in the most\nchallenging of contexts. So too, efforts to provide education\noptions for Afghan refugees, by host governments, NGOs,\nUN agencies, public schools and civil society have unequivocally proven the benefits of education and training,\nparticularly for Afghan refugee girls.\n\n\nThe key challenge is to ensure that all Afghan refugee\ngirls and boys are able to consistently access primary and\nsecondary education and training. Whilst there is still room\nfor progress, there have been a range of innovative solutions.\n\n\n**\u2022 Community and home-based interventions**\n**for girls**\nCommunity and home-based schools are proving\nsuccessful options for girls who would otherwise not\nhave the opportunity to learn, as a result of geographic,\neconomic or sociocultural restrictions. Communitybased education interventions, such as the girls\u2019 school\nset up and run by Aqeela Asifi, are affecting lasting\nchange within remote and conservative communities.\nIn so doing, they are opening up long-term opportunities for Afghan children and youth.\n\n\n**\u2022 Capacity-building for public schools to increase**\n**access for refugees**\nThe benefits for Afghan refugees of accessing full\nprimary and secondary education within the public\nsystem in their host country are huge \u2013 in terms of\nlearning outcomes, inclusion, protection, opportunities\nfor future study and prospects for voluntary repatriation.\nThis goes hand in hand with UNHCR\u2019s overall global\npolicy to support existing systems to absorb refugee\nlearners. However, the public school systems in host\ncommunities, particularly in Pakistan, are in many\ncases already overstretched. Under the umbrella of\n\n\n\nthe regional Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees\n(SSAR) \u2013 see box on page 19 \u2013 interventions, such\nas the Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas (RAHA)\nproject, have allowed UNHCR to focus its efforts upon\nbuilding the capacity of the public school system, to\nsupport the inclusion of Afghan students. To help\nbuild capacity under the RAHA scheme, UNHCR has\nfunded refurbishment and construction of classrooms,\nas well as the creation of gender-specific facilities\nin girls\u2019 schools to encourage increased enrolment.\n\n\n**\u2022 Skills training for refugees**\nSkills and vocational training is a key solution to\nallow Afghan refugees the opportunity to sustainably\nsupport themselves and their families, within their host\ncommunities, as well as upon return to Afghanistan.\nTraining in vocational skills, from tailoring to masonry,\nplumbing and computers, has proven extremely\neffective, particularly for women and girls. Training\nprovides better earning opportunities, increases women\nand girls\u2019 mobility, and empowers female refugees\nwithin their homes and their communities.\n\n\nWhile the education landscape for Afghan refugees may\nbe challenging, creative solutions are emerging, driven\nby the inspiring work of members of the Afghan refugee\ncommunity like Aqeela Asifi. Asifi\u2019s story captures the hope\nthat education brings for a brighter, more sustainable future\nfor Afghans, both in exile and upon return to Afghanistan.\nHer story is an inspiring example of how many Afghan\nrefugees are taking their community\u2019s struggle into their\nown hands, using education to break the cycle of poverty\nand isolation and create a new generation of empowered\nand educated children. By educating girls, Asifi has gone\nfurther still, ensuring the impact of her work spreads far\nbeyond her own community and single generations \u2013 lighting\nthe fire of education in generations of girls to come.\n\n\n_\u201cEducation is light. Without it we are_\n\n_in the dark forever. We are blind\u201d_\n\n\n_Adolescent female Afghan refugee in_\n\n_urban set tlement in Lahore, Pak istan_\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **2. GLOBAL REFUGEE EDUCATION**\n\nThe impact of forced displacement upon the emotional, social and economic wellbeing of affected\npopulations, both young and old, is profound; but particularly for children and youth, displacement\nis characterised by fear and insecurity.\n\n\n\nOften forcing families into extreme poverty, displacement\nthrows refugee children and youth into an uncertain world\nwhere learning and skills development is often out of reach.\nWhere education is available for refugees, it is often limited or of low quality, due to funding constraints and the\nlimited capacity of already overstretched systems. Global\nenrollment and retention in education of refugee children,\nparticularly among girls and at the secondary school level,\nis therefore worryingly low. Just one in every two refugee\nchildren have access to primary education, one in four are\naccessing secondary education; less than one per cent are\nable to pursue tertiary education (11). Beyond the numbers, this troubling gap in refugee education has led to the\nunrealised aspirations and stunted futures of thousands of\nrefugee children and youth.\n\n\nRefugee girls are being particularly let down. For those girls\nwho do manage to access schooling, the global average\nis just three years of education (12). As a result, literacy\nrates among refugee girls are extremely low. Without the\nopportunity to access basic education, many refugee girls\nare left isolated, disempowered and vulnerable to rights\nabuses, from gender-based violence to child marriage,\nteenage pregnancy and other forms of exploitation.\n\n\n\nExperience has shown that access for refugee children to\nprimary and secondary education is vital from day one of\nan emergency, throughout displacement, up to return and\nbeyond. It has proven to be an integral component in the\nrebuilding of communities ravaged by conflict, with educated\nrefugees more able to support themselves and their families,\nbetter equipped to identify and pursue their own solutions\nduring and beyond displacement \u2013 particularly in protracted\nsituations \u2013 and thus more likely to successfully repatriate.\nIndeed, where refugee children are accessing quality education, either having been absorbed into public school\nsystems within their host country or through communitybased solutions or private institutions, they have shown\nthemselves to be committed, bright and resilient students\nwho go on to have positive futures.\n\n\nAccess to quality education is the right of every child.\nFor refugees particularly, education becomes an extremely\nvaluable and portable asset that ensures better opportunities\nfor individuals and their families while in exile, upon return\nor following resettlement.\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **3. ACCESS TO PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION** **FOR AFGHANS IN PAKISTAN**\n\nAs a community that has experienced displacement for over three decades, Afghan refugees in\nPakistan view education as a pathway to a better future, as well as a fundamental part of rebuilding\ntheir home nation. Different education options are currently available to Afghan refugees in Pakistan,\nwith varied levels of access between refugee village, rural, semi-urban and urban settings.\n\n### Refugee village schools\n\n\n\nAcross 54 refugee villages [3], 127 local NGO and UNHCR\nsupported schools provide primary education to Afghan\nrefugees, reaching 59,000 children. With limited funding, refugee village schools struggle to acquire and retain\nqualified teachers, which impacts upon the quality of education. Dropout rates in these schools are high, at around 70\nper cent. Girls demonstrate a particularly worrying dropout\nrate, of 90 per cent. The reasons for leaving are often connected to poverty-induced child labour and sociocultural\nexpectations that girls should remain at home. Limited numbers of students from these schools progress to secondary\nlevel, either due to sociocultural restrictions, financial constraints, differences in curriculum, certification issues or the\nproximity of public schools. Despite the limitations, refugee\nvillage schools have been the sole provider of primary level\neducation for thousands of the most vulnerable Afghan\nrefugees over the past 30 years.\n\n\n_3_ _In Pakistan, 33 per cent of refugees currently live in 76_\n_refugee villages across the country while 67 per cent_\n_live in (semi-) urban settlements._\n\n\n\n_\u2018When Afghan students get to study while they_\n_are here in Pakistan you can see that they have_\n_so much potential. Despite any initial language_\n_barriers or the poor quality education they may_\n_have had before, Afghan students tend to get very_\n_high results. The talent is there. The potential is_\n_there.These children just need the chance and they_\n\n_will succeed.\u2019_\n\n\n_Pak istani teacher from public_\n\n_secondar y-level girls\u2019 school in_\n\n_Nowshera, Khyber Pak htunk hwa,_\n\n_Pak istan._\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### The Pakistani public school system\n\nIn Pakistan, all refugee children have the right to attend public\nschools. The opportunity has brought with it a number of\nextremely positive benefits, particularly for Afghan refugees\nin urban and semi-urban contexts, where schools are close\nto their homes. Refugee children who are able to access\nprimary and secondary level schooling in the Pakistani\nsystem often do extremely well and the inclusion of Afghan\nrefugees has in many cases has helped the communities\ngrow closer. Advancing to higher secondary level in the\npublic schools sometimes proves difficult for Afghan\nrefugees because of certification of exams, financial or\nsocial constraints. An estimated 2,000 Afghan refugees have\nproceeded to university in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.\n\n### Private Afghan schools and community- based schooling\n\n\nPrivate and community-based schooling is also available\nto refugee students in most settings. Fees vary from small\namounts to extremely high fees, limiting the capacity of\nmany Afghan refugee families to send their children. The quality\nof education within private and community-based institutions also varies, with some providing impressively highquality learning environments in which refugee students\nexcel, while others are of lower quality. Certification also\nvaries; some provide certification recognised by both\nPakistan and Afghanistan, while others do not provide any\ncertification at all. Similarly, a small number of community-run\ngirls\u2019 schools, such as that established by 2015 Nansen\nRefugee Award winner Aqeela Asifi, are providing high-quality\neducation up to the lower secondary level for thousands of\nAfghan refugee girls, with extremely positive results.\n\n\n### Non-formal education\n\nFor a community enduring the most protracted displacement in the world, access to primary and secondary level\neducation within the formal education system is only part\nof the picture. Many first and second generation Afghan\nrefugees may have never had access to school or had their\nschooling disrupted. Often too old to re-enter the formal\neducation system, their future learning opportunities are\nlimited. The availability of non-formal education options,\nsuch as accelerated learning courses, vocational, technical\nand skills training are therefore vital for the Afghan refugee\ncommunity. Small numbers of training centres are open to\nAfghan refugees in Pakistan, ranging from formal teacher\ntraining institutes that offer certified diplomas, to NGO and\nUNHCR-funded centres providing short courses of instruction in skills such as computers, tailoring, mobile phone\nrepair and plumbing.\n\n### Madrasahs\n\n\nAn additional form of schooling often favoured by the Afghan\nrefugee community in Pakistan is madrasahs (centres for\nreligious education in Islamic studies). While they do not\noffer formal primary and secondary education, many madrasahs provide basic education that allows children to gain\nliteracy and numeracy skills, as well as providing food and\nshelter for needy students. Many children who attend formal schools will also attend madrasahs for their religious\nschooling, while those who do not attend school at all will\noften at least attend a madrasah.\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **4. BARRIERS TO EDUCATION FOR AFGHAN REFUGEE WOMEN** **AND GIRLS, AND THE RISKS OF LIMITED ACCESS**\n\nWhile education and training options are available to Afghan refugees in Pakistan, Afghan refugee\nwomen and girls face substantial challenges in terms of access, particularly to secondary level\nschooling. Sociocultural restrictions on mobility and rights, institutional barriers related to facilities\nand culturally appropriate environments, as well as poverty, all limit girls\u2019 access to primary, secondary\nand tertiary education, during displacement and upon return to Afghanistan.\n\n### Sociocultural barriers\n\n\n\nWhile many Afghan refugee families speak convincingly of\nthe benefits of education for their sons, they often do not\nsee the same benefit in sending their girl children to school.\nEntrenched gender roles within often very conservative\nAfghan refugee communities have created an environment\nwhere girls are expected to remain at home to carry out\ndomestic and child rearing responsibilities.\n\n\nChild marriage and teenage pregnancy are often cited as\nmajor barriers to the continuation of education for Afghan\nrefugee girls, particularly to secondary level. Many girls are\ntaken out of school to be married, as early as grade six.\nThis often leads to girls falling pregnant, at which point their\nhopes for continuing their studies slip further out of reach.\nMost girls who become pregnant do not return to school (13).\n\n\nGirls often face further exclusion at the secondary level as\nfew schools exist. Travelling to government schools poses\na problem for many. Since Afghan refugee girls are often\nforbidden to leave home without a male family member,\nthey lack mobility and literally can\u2019t get to a school. This,\ncoupled with parental concerns over girls\u2019 safety on the\nway to or within the school environment, also presents\nsignificant barriers to accessing education.\n\n### Institutional barriers\n\n\nSociocultural obstacles are further compounded by the\nshortage of female teachers within the Afghan community\nas well as in Pakistani public schools, particularly at\nhigher grade levels. Unable to be taught by male teachers\nonce they become adolescents, girl students who want to\nfurther their education often face a major roadblock. With\nso few girls accessing secondary and tertiary education, this\nshortage of female teachers has become critical, creating\na widespread blockage to girls\u2019 accessing education. The\nlack of trained female teachers has a knock-on effect for\nthose returning to Afghanistan, as there are too few qualified\nfemale returnees to teach Afghan girl students.\n\n\n\n_\u2018Even if parents start to come round to the idea_\n_of educating their daughters, the lack of female_\n_teachers means they will never say yes, because_\n_the girls cannot be taught by male teachers. It is_\n\n_a vicious cycle.\u2019_\n\n\n_Wisaludin, 21, youth and educ ation_\n\n_activist in Akora refugee village_\n\n_in Nowshera, Khyber Pak htunk hwa_\n\n\nAdditionally, the lack of gender-friendly schools for girls\ncreates further barriers. Inadequate or non-existent\nbath-rooms, absence of drinking water and the need for\nperimeter walls or viable transport options, make parents\nhesitant or unwilling to send their daughters to school.\n\n### Economic barriers\n\n\nFor many Afghan refugee families, education is economically\nout of reach. The price of uniforms, materials, books, and\ntransport to and from school are simply too costly. Whilst\npoverty restricts some Afghan refugee girls from entering\neducation at primary level, the impact is most profound\nat secondary level, when related expenses increase. Struggling under the weight of extreme poverty and influenced\nby the deeply entrenched gender roles, some families will\nchoose to spend what money they have to educate their\nboys instead of the girls.\n\n\n_\u2018My daughter has reached Grade 10 but we cannot_\n_afford to send her on to college. The cost is just too_\n_high. My husband is a daily wager and I have no_\n_education or skills so I cannot work. We live hand_\n_to mouth. Now she sits at home with me and it_\n\n_breaks our hearts.\u2019_\n\n\n_Z arganga, Afghan refugee and mother_\n\n_in Nowshera, Khyber Pak htunk hwa_\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **5. CONSEQUENCES WHEN GIRLS LACK ACCESS TO EDUCATION**\n\n\n### Reinforcing harmful traditions and gender norms\n\nWhen girls are unable to go to school, this often serves\nto reinforce the negative gender roles and cultural norms\nthat restricted their access in the first place. This can leave\nthem more vulnerable to child marriage, marriage without\nconsent, teenage pregnancy and gender-based violence.\nGirls who are not in school or any other form of training are\ndenied access to protective environments, as well as the\nopportunity to acquire the skills to improve their lives. The\nresulting inability of girls to work or contribute financially to\ntheir families also serves to reinforce the view that they are\na financial burden. Arranging marriages and dowries for girls\nis often seen as the only option for relieving that burden,\nwith girls in some communities being promised for marriage\nas young as five years old and married off as early as 12.\n\n\nUneducated women and girls are often in a relationship of\ndependency upon the male members of their family, which\nin many cases can leave them vulnerable to domestic\nviolence and other rights abuses. Illiterate women and girls\nare often more isolated, confined to their homes and domestic chores, making them less able to seek help or support\nif they are the victims of violence. According to a World\nBank report, the majority of women who have not achieved\nsecondary education are married as children and lack\ncontrol over their household resources, compared to five\nper cent of women who finish high school. (14)\n\n\n_\u2018I used to love going to school. The teachers were_\n_so inspiring to me, I wanted to be like them and_\n_I felt free. But when I turned 12 my father told_\n_me I had to stop. I was married and now I have_\n_a baby. When I think of school I smile. But now_\n\n_I am at home and school is just in my memories.\u2019_\n\n\n_Afghan refugee girl, 15, in Peshawar,_\n\n_Khyber Pak htunk hwa_\n\n### Negative repercussions for health\n\n\nExtremely low levels of access to education and training for\nboth Pakistani girls and Afghan refugee girls over the past\n35 years has not only led to a shortage of female teachers\nbut also a shortage of female doctors, particularly in rural\nareas. Cutting girls\u2019 education short thus not only impacts\nfuture generations\u2019 education opportunities and denies girls\n\n\n\nimportant role models, but also has a wider impact upon\nwomen\u2019s and girls\u2019 health. Without high quality, sustained\neducation opportunities for girls, from primary through to\ntertiary, there are even fewer female doctors in the Afghan\nand Pakistani community than there are teachers. As a\nresult, those in remote areas are left with limited access\nto much-needed medical care and attention, particularly\nduring pregnancy.\n\n\nLack of education also leaves many Afghan women and girls\nwithout the basic skills to address the health and hygiene\nneeds of themselves and their children. As a result, maternal\nmortality rates for women and girls who have not been\neducated are significantly higher than those who have been\nto school. Furthermore, according to research carried out\nby UNESCO, each year of a mother\u2019s schooling reduces\nthe probability of infant mortality by five to ten per cent (15).\n\n\n_\u2018I want to educate my daughters so they can_\n_become doctors and teachers. We need them. For_\n_the future of Afghanistan and for us here, the_\n_women in our community need them. But we can\u2019t_\n_afford to send them and now they just sit at home.\u2019_\n\n\n_Z arganga, Afghan refugee_\n\n_and mother in Nowshera,_\n\n_Khyber Pak htunk hwa, Pak istan_\n\n### Child labour\n\n\nAllowed only to work in the informal sector and unable to\naccess education that could help them earn a living wage,\ngenerations of Afghan refugees have been mired in poverty.\nAs a result, some refugee children are obliged to help\nsupport their families instead of getting an education. In other\ncases, those who have accessed school are forced to drop\nout in order to work, while others may be working to pay for\ntheir studies. It\u2019s estimated that children aged 5 to 14 make\nup around six per cent of the Afghan refugee work force in\nPakistan, while youth aged 15 to 24 make up 31 per cent (16).\n\n\nWhilst child labour is typically seen as an issue that\naffects boys, young Afghan refugee girls are also engaged in\ninformal labour, from garbage collection to domestic work,\ncarpet weaving and brick making.\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **6. BREAKING THE CYCLE \u2013 THE BENEFITS OF EDUCATION** **FOR GIRLS**\n\nWhile it is Afghan refugee women and girls who must overcome the greatest obstacles, when they\naccess school or training the impact is profound. Through education they are able to take control\nof their own futures, improve their health and wellbeing and contribute financially to their family.\nBut the benefits do not end there. Educating Afghan refugee girls helps to ensure education for future\ngenerations and improved chances for sustainable voluntary repatriation in Afghanistan.\n\n### The multiplier effect\n\n\n\nPrimary and secondary education equips girls with new\nskills and confidence. What\u2019s more, the World Bank argues\nthat educating girls and women creates a multiplier effect\n\n- educated women earn more, have fewer children, and\nprovide better health care and education to their children\n(18). This year\u2019s Nansen Refugee Award winner, Aqeela\nAsifi\u2019s contribution to girls\u2019 education powerfully illustrates\nthis point, as well as showing that education for refugee girls\nhas an impact far beyond the young minds that are being\n\n\n\neducated. As a result of Asifi\u2019s work, more schools have\nopened in Kot Chandana refugee village, further broadening\naccess to primary and secondary education for refugee\nchildren and youth; entrenched gender roles of women\nand girls have slowly begun to shift; and graduates of her\nschool have taken their education back to Afghanistan,\nbecoming teachers and even setting up similar girls schools\nin remote areas.\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Healthier lives\n\nAccording to UNESCO, 800 women around the world die\nevery day from preventable causes related to pregnancy\nand childbirth. Educated mothers are better informed about\ndiseases and prevention methods, as well as being able to\nidentify symptoms of illness early and make use of healthcare services. In fact, estimates suggest that if all women\nhad secondary level education, child deaths could be\nreduced by 49 per cent. (19)\n\n\n_\u2018My mother cannot even read the time, everything_\n_is confusing for her, she can\u2019t even read signs to_\n_find her way. Because I can read, I can go to the_\n_doctor and I can understand the medicine they_\n_give me, or I can know when my little brothers_\n_and sisters need their vaccinations. My mother_\n_cannot do any of these things. Our lives are so_\n\n_different because I was given this gift.\u2019_\n\n\n_Kalsuma, 12, Afghan student in the_\n\n_communit y girls school set up by 2015_\n\n_Nansen Award winner, Aqeela Asifi_\n\n_in Kot Chandana refugee village._\n\n\n### Social change\n\nStudies show globally that if all girls had at least primary\nlevel education there would be 14 per cent fewer child\nmarriages and if all girls had secondary level education child\nmarriage would drop by as much as 64 per cent. Similarly,\nif all girls had access to secondary education, there would\nbe 59 per cent fewer women getting pregnant as teenagers,\nas girls and young women with higher levels of education\nare more likely to delay and space out pregnancies as well\nas seek healthcare and support. (19) In some cases where\nAfghan refugee girls are accessing full primary and secondary\neducation, restrictive traditions and customs regarding child\nand forced marriage have indeed begun to change within\ntheir communities.\n\n\n_\u2018Over the past five years, as more girls are coming_\n_to the school, fewer fathers are choosing to marry_\n_their daughters so young. The girls are having_\n_reasoned discussions with them and the fathers_\n_are realising the value of an educated daughter._\n_The practice has not completely gone but it is_\n\n_certainly reducing.\u2019_\n\n\n_Aqeela Asifi, 2015 Nansen Refugee_\n\n_Award winner, teacher, founder and_\n\n_headmistress of girls\u2019 community school_\n\n_in Kot Chandana refugee village_\n\n_in Pak istan._\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Passing on the gift of education\n\nEducating girls creates the educated mothers of the future,\nwhich in turn leads to second generations of educated\nchildren. Evidence suggests that educated mothers are\nsignificantly more likely to send their own children to school,\nin addition to being more able to help them with their\nstudies, helping to break the cycle of poverty and lack of\naccess to education. According to UNICEF, children whose\nmothers have had no education are more than twice as likely\nto be out of school as those whose mothers are educated\n(20). Girls education thus plays a vital role in securing more\npositive and productive futures for Afghan children and\nyouth, both while in exile and upon return.\n\n\n_\u2018We have girls from 25 provinces across Afghani-_\n_stan in our community school here. When_\n_they go back they can play a positive role in all_\n_those different provinces. They can teach others._\n_Two graduates from our school here have returned_\n_to Afghanistan and are working in a government_\n_school in a Taliban stronghold. They have taken_\n_the model of what we did here in Kot Chandana_\n_back to Afghanistan to help girls access education_\n_there. That is what we wanted to achieve with this_\n\n_school from the beginning.\u2019_\n\n\n_Aqeela Asifi, 2015 Nansen Refugee_\n\n_Award winner, teacher, founder and_\n\n_headmistress of girls\u2019 communit y school_\n\n_in Kot Chandana refugee village_\n\n_in Pak istan._\n\n\n### Supporting the family\n\nEducated refugee girls are also more able to help their\nfamilies financially, in ways that avoid child labour. For the\ngirls themselves, this is a hugely empowering step, especially\nin contexts where they would otherwise be confined\nto domestic work. For their families and communities,\neducated girls have a crucial role to play in identifying a way\nout of the cycle of poverty that constrains so many Afghan\nrefugees. For example, students of Aqeela Asifi\u2019s community girls\u2019 school in Kot Chandana are using their education\nto help their fathers, brothers and uncles with their small\nbusinesses, organising accounts, helping to read bills and\ncalculating payments.\n\n\nFurther still, girls\u2019 education and training not only helps\nindividuals and communities to break the cycle of poverty\nby improving their livelihoods prospects, it also unleashes\nhuman capital, improving productivity and boosting economic growth, both in host countries and upon return to\nAfghanistan. Indeed, according to research by UNESCO,\nif all students in low-income countries, including girls, left\nschool with basic reading skills, 171 million people could be\nlifted out of poverty, resulting in a 12 per cent cut in poverty\nworldwide (19).\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **7. LONG-TERM BENEFITS: RETURN, RECONCILIATION** **AND REBUILDING**\n\nThe Afghan refugee community identifies educated young people, who have had access to full\nprimary and secondary education, as playing a lead role in the future of Afghanistan.\n\n\n\nBeing able to obtain a national certificate for education\nwhile in Pakistan that is accepted or receives equivalency\nin Afghanistan thus becomes the key with which educated\nAfghans are able to unlock their future \u2013 be it continuing\ntheir studies, progressing to vocational or technical training,\nor seeking employment.\n\n\n_\u2018Education is self-defence. Without education_\n_you are weak, you have no way of protecting_\n_yourself. With education you can fight those who_\n_would exploit your ignorance. Knowledge and_\n_information are your weapons. You can find your_\n\n_own way and you can see what is right.\u2019_\n\n\n_Samir Asifi, 18, Afghan refugee from_\n\n_Kot Chandana refugee village, now_\n\n_studying engineering at university_\n\n_in Kabul._\n\n\nThose refugee students who complete secondary education\nin Pakistan and receive recognised certification in many\ncases seek to continue to higher education in Afghanistan.\nOnce graduated, these students often go on to look for jobs\nin Afghanistan, in a range of sectors, including teaching,\nmedicine, engineering, development, the civil service, IT\nand business.\n\n\nAs a result of their accessing primary and secondary education in their host country, these young people are more\nlikely to be able to realise opportunities for sustainable\n\n\n\nreturn in Afghanistan. Indeed, research shows that educated\nAfghan refugees are three times more likely to successfully\nrepatriate (16).\n\n\nThe role schools play in bringing communities together\nis also vital. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the\ninclusion of Afghan refugees in public school systems\nof host countries creates positive relationships, allowing\nAfghan children to learn from the Pakistani culture and\nPakistani children the opportunity to see that the Afghan\nrefugee community are not so different from themselves.\n\n\n_\u2018Boys and girls who have been able to be educated_\n_here in Pakistan have returned to Afghanistan_\n_and they are doing great work. Afghanistan_\n_desperately needs human resources. If you invest_\n_in educating children here in the refugee villages_\n_these children will be able to grow up and play_\n_a role in Afghanistan\u2019s future. If you don\u2019t, we will_\n_never be able to put our country back on track\u2019._\n\n\n_Kashmir Khan, youth activist and_\n\n_Afghan refugee from Kot Chandana_\n\n_refugee village, now work ing in Kabul._\n\n\nThe Afghan community also identifies access to the full\nprimary and secondary cycle of education as being vital\nto protecting young Afghans who might otherwise be\nvulnerable to exploitation, allowing them to work towards\ndurable objectives of peace and repatriation.\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Aqeela Asifi is the 2015 winner of UNHCR\u2019s Nansen\nRefugee Award, recognised for her tireless efforts to provide\neducation to hundreds of refugee girls.\n\n\nA refugee herself, she fled Kabul, Afghanistan with her\nfamily in 1992 during the Mujahedeen siege and found\nrefuge in Kot Chandana refugee village in the Punjab\nprovince of Pakistan.\n\n\nAs a former teacher Asifi was struck by the lack of schooling\nfor girls \u2013 a consequence of the conservative culture in the\nrefugee village \u2013 and was determined to teach them.\n\n\nWinning the backing of the village elders, she bravely went\ndoor-to-door to convince reluctant parents to let her tutor\ntheir children. She began with just a handful of pupils in a\nmakeshift school under a tent, writing out worksheets for the\nstudents by hand.\n\n\n\nOver the next two years her tiny school blossomed and\nher accomplishments led to much-needed funding from the\nPakistani government. This allowed Asifi to expand the\nschool to six tents and include local Pakistani girls too.\n\n\nNow, 23 years after she arrived, her tent-school is a permanent building, and has transformed the lives of more than\n1,000 girl students who have reached eighth grade and\nreceived a nationally-endorsed certificate. Her teaching\nlegacy has even had a cross-border impact with two of her\nformer students taking up the profession in Kabul.\n\n\nAsifi is a true symbol of triumph over adversity. With her\nquiet patience and determination she has changed the lives\nof hundreds of young refugees, offering them a pathway out\nof poverty, and a chance to build themselves a future. When\nasked about winning the Nansen Refugee award Asifi says\nthe recognition is a shared one **:**\n\n### _\u201cThe Award is for every girl who_ _received an education from this school,_ _and whose lives have been changed_ _with this school. My reward is seeing_ _a student learning to read and write._ _So each day is a reward day.\u201d_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **8. A SOLUTIONS APPROACH FOR AFGHAN REFUGEES**\n\nThe education landscape for Afghan refugees, both in Pakistan and Afghanistan, is undeniably\nchallenging, impacted by a multiplicity of factors which have conspired to keep education out of reach,\nespecially for Afghan refugee girls. These economic, sociocultural and institutional constraints, as\nwell as the complex realities of protracted displacement and the limitations of available funding,\nrequire a comprehensive and long-term approach.\n\n\n\nRecently, there has been encouraging progress. Through\ncoordinated efforts, the Pakistani Government, UNHCR,\nnational and international NGOs, and the grassroots Afghan\nrefugee community have developed innovative solutions\nwhich take concrete steps towards addressing barriers and\nincreasing access to education for Afghan refugee children\nand youth, including girls.\n\n### Capacity-building\n\n\nIn 2011, the first steps were taken to develop a coordinated\nregional strategy to advance comprehensive solutions\nfor Afghan refugees. It became known as the Solutions\nStrategy for Afghan Refugees or SSAR (see the box on\npage 19). Led by the Afghan, Pakistani and Iranian governments, and supported by UNHCR and more than 50\nhumanitarian and development actors in the region, a key\nelement of this strategy is access to education as a means to\nfacilitate sustainable return and reintegration. This strategy\npromotes the use of community-based projects in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran to work towards the sustainable return and reintegration of Afghan refugees in Afghanistan, as\n\n\n\nwell as providing support to host communities. To that end,\nthe Solutions Strategy prioritises secure access to quality\neducation, both while in exile and upon return.\n\n\nFor Afghan refugee children, the best education outcomes\nare often realised through inclusion in the public school system \u2013 as per the UNHCR global education policy. However,\nthe public school systems in host countries are often struggling under the weight of their own national demand. An\nintegral part of the SSAR projects in both Pakistan and Iran\nare implemented through the Refugee Affected and Hosting\nAreas (RAHA) programme. In Pakistan, UNHCR and the\nGovernment of Pakistan have provided support for public\nschools where Afghan refugee students are also enrolled,\nto increase capacity and improve facilities. This includes\nbuilding extra classrooms, renovating classrooms and\nschool buildings, as well as the creation of gender-specific\nfacilities in girls\u2019 schools, including bathrooms and boundary\nwalls, to encourage increased enrollment. In addition to\nincreased refugee enrollment and improved facilities,\nthe projects have also encouraged community cohesion\nbetween local Pakistani and Afghan refugee communities.\n\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Addressing the shortage of trained teachers is also a priority,\nparticularly female teachers, helping to reduce sociocultural\nbarriers around the lack of female teachers and increase\ngirls\u2019 chances of attending school. Since the beginning of\n2015, UNHCR, through RAHA, has funded 200 teachers\nto attend a two-year mandatory teacher training diploma\ncourse. Most of these teachers have been women, initiating\nprogress in addressing a significant barrier that negatively\nimpacts both Pakistani and Afghan girls\u2019 education.\n\n### Community and home-based interventions for girls\n\n\nIn order to tackle some of the geographic, economic and\nsociocultural issues that restrict many Afghan girls\u2019 access\nto education, community and home-based programmes\nhave been implemented in areas where need is particularly acute. Since the late nineties, UNHCR has provided\nhome-based schooling options for girls in the southwestern Balochistan province, which borders with the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). More recently, under\nthe Educate A Child programme, implemented since 2012,\na dozen home-based primary level schools are supported in\nthe province for Afghan refugee girls aged eight and above,\nwho have previously missed the opportunity to access education. Twelve female teachers are drawn from the Afghan\nrefugee community and the school operates in the teachers\u2019\nown homes. A total of 336 girls are benefiting from these\nschools, which also have a community mobilisation\ncomponent, using school management mechanisms to\nidentify out-of-school girls and encourage more parents to\nallow their daughters to attend.\n\n\nCommunity-based primary and secondary schools, such as\nthat set up and run by Aqeela Asifi are also proving innovative and effective solutions to the barriers experienced by\nAfghan girls. Born from and sustained by the passionate\ndedication of individuals like Asifi, community girls and boys\nschools are testament to the capacity of educated Afghans\nto identify and take forward their own solutions for a better\nfuture, providing the opportunity for Afghan youth to realise\ntheir full potential. Through community-based primary and\nsecondary schools, Afghan girls and boys who would otherwise be excluded from education through poverty, distance\nor sociocultural barriers are being given the chance to learn,\nacquire vital skills and make progress towards their sustainable return to Afghanistan. Whilst these initiatives are\ncommunity-led and in many cases community funded, vital\nsupport has and can be given, through teacher training,\nbooks and curriculum resources, certification support and\ncapacity development for learning environments, ensuring\nthey are gender-sensitive and fit for purpose.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Skills and vocational training for Afghan youth\n\nImproved livelihood opportunities are key to breaking\nthe cycle of poverty within which generations of Afghan\nrefugees are stuck. For those refugees who missed out on\neducation altogether or were obliged to drop out, skills and\n\n\n\nvocational training often provides the missing link, through\nwhich individuals, families and thus communities can be\nsustainably lifted out of poverty. Under the regional\nSolutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR), skills and\nvocational training is a key solution to allow Afghan refugees the opportunity to sustainably support themselves\nand their families within their host communities, as well as\n\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "upon return to Afghanistan. UNHCR, other UN agencies,\nnational and international NGOs, together with the Pakistani\nGovernment, are working to allow Afghan refugees access\nto vital training in vocational skills \u2013 including tailoring, computers, masonry, plumbing, mobile phone repair and auto\nmechanics. These interventions have proven particularly\nsuccessful for women and female youth, increasing their\n\n\n\nmobility and the opportunity to contribute financially to\ntheir families. Training also allows the Afghan community to\nbetter contribute to their host community, through the\ninformal labour market. Increasing access to relevant and\nappropriate skills, this work significantly improves the\nprospects of Afghan refugees being able to sustainably\nreturn to Afghanistan.\n\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **SUMMARY**\n\nIn 1980, nobody could have imagined that the complex\nconflict in Afghanistan would continue for three decades,\nresulting in the displacement of millions of Afghan people\nand leading to generations of Afghan children being born\nin exile. In education, early responses for the displaced\nwere tailored to address a short-term crisis rather than the\ncomplex realities of protracted displacement. As the numbers of refugees increased and displacement wore on, the\navailable education options became woefully inadequate,\nleading to limited and inconsistent access to primary and\nsecondary education for Afghan refugees. At the same time,\nan international shortfall in funding for refugee education has\nmade it increasingly challenging for host governments and\ndevelopment and humanitarian actors, such as UNHCR,\nto sufficiently ensure consistent access to primary and\nsecondary education for all Afghan refugees.\n\n\nThirty-five years down the line, Afghan refugees are feeling\nthe impact of the inability of successive generations to consistently access primary and secondary education or other\nlearning options. The lack of consistent access to quality\neducation has added to the burden on host countries as\nwell as undermining development at home in Afghanistan\n\n- leading to a lack of teachers and a limited professional\nworkforce. It has particularly impacted women and girls,\nperpetuating socio-cultural restrictions and many of the\nvulnerabilities which accompany lack of education.\n\n\nHowever, whether through the generous support of host\ncountries allowing Afghans to enrol in public education\nsystems, NGO and UNHCR-supported schools and training\ncentres, or as a result of inspiring community driven initiatives, those who do access learning \u2013 particularly girls\n\n- provide shining examples of its profound benefits.\nEducated Afghan refugees provide hope for a better future\nfor Afghanistan, aid progress towards durable solutions,\nsuch as repatriation, for their communities, increase education opportunities for future generations and contribute to\nsustainably lifting families and communities out of poverty.\n\n\nThis month, September 2015, the UN General Assembly\nwill adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),\nwhich take forward the progress of the Millennium Development Goals to address the challenges and gaps that still\nremain. The SDGs provide a unique opportunity to ensure\n\n\n\nthat refugee education, particularly for those in protracted\ndisplacement, is given the international focus, effort and\nfunding support that it so desperately needs. Under the targets related to Sustainable Development Goal 4 \u2013 to ensure\ninclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all \u2013 there is finally recognition\nof the rights and needs of migrants and refugee children and\nyouth. This opportunity for renewed focus must be seized,\nto ensure refugee children are given the same rights to a\nbrighter future as any other child.\n\n\nOctober 2015 will also see the international community, host\ngovernments, NGOs, the UN and other stakeholders come\ntogether at a ministerial level-meeting on the Afghan refugee\nsituation, to discuss challenges and solutions as well as\nmake commitments in support of Afghanistan, Pakistan and\nIran. This platform is a crucial moment in which to recognize\nand support youth empowerment through increased access\nto education and training, as an integral part of realizing\nlasting solutions for Afghan refugees, within the framework\nof the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR).\n\n\nThere is still a long way to go to ensure that all Afghan\nrefugee children and youth have access to certified, quality\nprimary and secondary education and training opportunities\nin safe learning environments. However, with renewed focus\nand further strategic support for innovative solutions that\nare responsive to need \u2013 including the grassroots work of\ninspiring community educators like Aqeela Asifi \u2013 education\nand training opportunities for Afghan children and youth will\nsignificantly improve. Through investing in quality education,\nAfghan refugees will be given the tools to sustainably rebuild\ntheir lives and communities, providing renewed hope and\nopportunity to finally return home.\n\n\n_\u201cWhen you have educated mothers, you will_\n_almost certainly have educated future generations._\n\n_So if you educate girls, you educate generations\u201d_\n\n\n_Aqeela Asifi, 2015 Nansen Refugee_\n\n_Award winner, teacher, founder and_\n\n_headmistress of girls\u2019 community school_\n\n_in Kot Chandana refugee village_\n\n_in Pak istan._\n\n\n\n**22**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **REFERENCES**\n\n_1. UNESCO_\n\n\n_2. World Bank, 2011_\n\n\n_3. UNHCR Global Trends Report, 2014_\n\n\n_4. UNHCR Note on Afghan Refugee Education_\n\n_in Pakistan, 2014_\n\n\n_5. UNHCR Pakistan Education Strategy 2015-2017_\n\n\n_6. Alif Ailaan, 25 Broken Promises: The Crisis of_\n\n_Pakistan\u2019s Out of School Children, 2014_\n_(http://www.alifailaan.pk/broken_promises)_\n\n\n_7._ _UNESCO National Literacy Programme figures_\n_(http://www.unesco.org/uil/litbase/_\n_?menu=14&programme=66)_\n\n\n_8. World Bank Data, 2012, (http://data.worldbank.org_\n\n_/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.ZS/countries/_\n_IR?display=graph)_\n\n\n_9. Council on Foreign Relations, Women and Girls in_\n\n_Afghanistan Transition, Working Paper, June 2014_\n\n\n_10. UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring_\n\n_Report 2011_\n\n\n_11. UNHCR Education Unit, Geneva, 2015_\n\n\n_12. Educate A Child Initiative, Good Practices for_\n\n_Gender Equality in education: Increasing access_\n_to education for girls through home-based schooling._\n\n\n\n_13. Education for All 2000-2015: achievements_\n\n_and challenges background paper, 2015_\n_(http://www.ungei.org/resources/files/_\n_Addressing_early_marriage_efa.pdf_\n\n\n_14. World Bank, Voice and Agency: Empowering_\n\n_Women and Girls for Shared Prosperity report,_\n_2014 (http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/_\n_Worldbank/document/Gender/Voice_and_agency_\n__LOWRES.pdf)_\n\n\n_15. UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring_\n\n_Report 2011_\n\n\n_16. UNHCR Population Profiling Verification and_\n\n_Response Survey, 2011 (http://unhcrpk.org/wp-_\n_content/uploads/2012/11/PPVR-Report.pdf)_\n\n\n_17. UNICEF Child Protection from violence, exploitation_\n\n_and abuse (http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_\n__child_labour.html)_\n\n\n_18. World Bank Girls Education Brief, 2014_\n\n_(http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/_\n_brief/girls-education)_\n\n\n_19. UNESCO Education Transforms Lives report, 2013_\n\n_(http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002231/_\n_223115E.pdf)_\n\n\n_20. UNICEF Progress for Children Report Card, 2005_\n\n\n_21. More information on SSAR and relevant_\n\n_documentation is available at_\n_http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4f9016576.html_\n\n\n\n**23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends Report", - "confidence": 0.8608999848365784, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7108150720596313, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014_", - "confidence": 0.8111551403999329, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Brief", - "confidence": 0.5597994923591614, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**24**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3506982b-2e68-3da5-ba56-69b21816bc9f/Nansen-contextual-report-2015Medium%20res_200dpi.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_498/raw/doc_498_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_498/raw/doc_498_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a354186ff6d513e7f124c7c32145feba578b0de8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_498/raw/doc_498_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**[New UNHCR report reveals over 7 million refugee children out of school](https://www.unhcr.org/news/announcements/new-unhcr-report-reveals-over-7-million-refugee-children-out-school)**\n\n\nGENEVA \u2013 More than half of the world\u2019s 14.8 million school-aged refugee\nchildren are currently missing out on formal education, risking their future\nprosperity and the attainment of global development goals, according to a new\nreport published by UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency.\n\n\n[The 2023 UNHCR Refugee Education Report draws on data from over 70](https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-education-report-2023-unlocking-potential-right-education-and-opportunity)\nrefugee-hosting countries to provide the clearest picture yet of the state of\neducation among refugees globally. It reveals that by the end of 2022, the\nnumber of school-aged refugees jumped nearly 50 per cent from 10 million a\nyear earlier, driven mostly by the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. An estimated 51\nper cent \u2013 more than 7 million children \u2013 are not enrolled in school.\n\n\nRefugee enrolment in education varies dramatically by education level in\nreporting countries, with 38 per cent enrolled in pre-primary level, 65 per cent in\nprimary, 41 per cent in secondary, and just 6 per cent in tertiary. In all but the\nlowest-income states, the difference between enrolment rates among refugees\nand non-refugees is stark, with far fewer refugees attending school, showing\nhow lack of access stimies opportunity.\n\n\n\u201cThe higher up the educational ladder you go, the steeper the drop-off in\nnumbers, because opportunities to study at secondary and tertiary level are\nlimited,\u201d Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, writes in his\nforeword to the report.\n\n\n\u201cUnless their access to education is given a major boost they will be left behind.\nThis will not help meet other goals for employment, health, equality, poverty\neradication and more.\u201d\n\n\nWith 20 per cent of refugees living in the world\u2019s 46 least-developed countries\nand more than three-quarters living in low- and middle-income countries, the\ncosts of educating forcibly displaced children fall disproportionately on the\npoorest.\n\n\n\u201cWe need fully inclusive education systems that give refugees the same access\nand rights as host-country learners,\u201d Grandi added. \u201cWhere refugee-hosting\ncountries have implemented such policies, they need predictable, multi-year\nsupport from global and regional financial institutions, high-income states, and\nthe private sector. We cannot expect overstretched countries with scarce\nresources to take the task on by themselves.\u201d\n\n\nThis year\u2019s report, titled \u2018Unlocking Potential: The Right to Education and\nOpportunity\u2019, not only reveals the scale of the challenge of refugee education\nbut also the extent of the potential of school-aged refugees when their access\nto education is secured.\n\n\nThe report highlights examples of refugee learners from Afghanistan, Iraq and\nSouth Sudan, who have overcome obstacles, seized opportunities and excelled.\nIt also takes a deep dive into the educational situation for school-aged refugees\nin the Americas and from Ukraine. And it proposes important steps that donors,\ncivil society, other partners, and refugee-hosting States can take together to\nsupport refugee education.\n\n\nAmong the positive global developments identified include near gender parity\namong refugee learners on average when it comes to access to education in\nreporting countries (63 per cent for males and 61 per cent for females at the\nprimary level, and 36 per cent for males and 35 per cent for females at\nsecondary), although data for individual countries reveals that some still have\nsignificant gender gaps. There is also evidence from national examinations that\nrefugee learners excel when given access to quality education.\n\n\nIf refugees are left behind, the UN Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring\ninclusive and equitable quality education for all will not be achieved, but when\nschool-aged refugees are given access to education, they can thrive, with\nbenefits for individuals, host states, and home countries.\n\n\nAs Monicah Malith, a South Sudanese refugee studying law at the University of\nNairobi in Kenya, says in the report: \u201cBy empowering us through education we\ncan break the cycle of hardship and provide a path towards a brighter future.\u201d\n\n\n**For more information on this topic, please contact:**\n\n\n[In Geneva, William Spindler, spindler@unhcr.org, +41 79 549 59 98](mailto:spindler@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Read the report:**\n\n\n**[2023 UNHCR Refugee Education Report](https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-education-report-2023-unlocking-potential-right-education-and-opportunity)**\n\n\n**[Access graphics, images, social media content, translations and other assets.](https://www.unhcr.org/unlocking-potential-right-education-and-opportunity)**\n\n\n**For further information about UNHCR\u2019s work in the field of education, please**\n**contact:**\n\n\n[Becky Telford, telfordm@unhcr.org](mailto:telfordm@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/307c0b7e-2655-4b23-b2f7-afc21ab2a0ae/New%20UNHCR%20report%20reveals%20over%207%20million%20refugee%20children%20out%20of%20school%20_%20UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/307c0b7e-2655-4b23-b2f7-afc21ab2a0ae/New%20UNHCR%20report%20reveals%20over%207%20million%20refugee%20children%20out%20of%20school%20_%20UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_499/raw/doc_499_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_499/raw/doc_499_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e666bc19eb3eb8fa884c8a1c8af81c69e2b4a79a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_499/raw/doc_499_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Ni\u00f1os y Ni\u00f1as Desprotegidos**\n#### An\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023.\n### Resumen ejecutivo\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Resumen ejecutivo\n\nEn 2023, las necesidades humanitarias alcanzaron niveles nunca vistos, debido al aumento\nde los conflictos armados, a desplazamientos forzados sin precedentes, a la emergencia\nclim\u00e1tica y a las cat\u00e1strofes derivadas de peligros naturales. A finales del 2023, 363 millones\nde personas precisaron asistencia humanitaria. De ellas, 245 millones fueron destinatarias de planes\nde respuesta coordinados por las Naciones Unidas: un aumento del 7 % con respecto a los datos\npreliminares del Panorama Global Humanitario de 2023. Estas crisis crecientes hicieron que las\nnecesidades de financiaci\u00f3n humanitaria aumentaran hasta 56 700 millones de d\u00f3lares a finales\nde 2023. Pese a que los niveles de financiaci\u00f3n fueron de los m\u00e1s altos de la historia, la tasa de\nfinanciaci\u00f3n para los llamamientos coordinados por las Naciones Unidas fue solo del 43 %, la m\u00e1s\nbaja de la historia. Los menores ser\u00e1n los m\u00e1s perjudicados por este d\u00e9ficit de financiaci\u00f3n, ya que\nse ven afectados de manera desproporcionada por las crisis humanitarias.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia y las necesidades de financiaci\u00f3n\nsiguieron creciendo durante 2023. El total de las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la\nadolescencia en todos los llamamientos coordinados por las Naciones Unidas alcanz\u00f3 los\n1500 millones de d\u00f3lares. Esta cifra incluy\u00f3 1000 millones de d\u00f3lares en planes de respuesta\nhumanitarios y 422 millones de d\u00f3lares en planes de respuesta a refugiados. La protecci\u00f3n de la\nni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia represent\u00f3 el 2,5 % del total de las necesidades de los planes de respuesta\nhumanitarios, aunque se observaron variaciones significativas entre planes.\n\n\nEn 2023, se registr\u00f3 un total\nde 505 millones de d\u00f3lares de\nfinanciaci\u00f3n para la protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia,\nque incluy\u00f3 los 412 millones de\nd\u00f3lares de los llamamientos\ncoordinados por las Naciones\nUnidas. Las mejoras en la\npresentaci\u00f3n de informes al\nServicio de Seguimiento Financiero\ny en la Herramienta de Seguimiento\nde la Financiaci\u00f3n a Refugiados\nhan mejorado la visibilidad de la\nfinanciaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de\n\na haberse registrado un cierto\naumento, la protecci\u00f3n de la\nni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en el contexto de los planes de respuesta humanitarios sigue teniendo\nuna financiaci\u00f3n desproporcionadamente insuficiente: un 29,2 % de media, en comparaci\u00f3n con el\n\n\nLa notable disparidad en los\n\u00edndices de financiaci\u00f3n de la\nprotecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la\nadolescencia entre las distintas\nrespuestas y las fluctuaciones\nen el tiempo han mermado la\ncapacidad de los profesionales\nen protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y\nla adolescencia de implantar\nprogramas coherentes y de\ncalidad, en consonancia con\n\nla protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y\nadolescencia. En 2023, m\u00e1s del\n40 % de la financiaci\u00f3n para la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en el marco de los planes\nde respuesta humanitarios se destin\u00f3 a tres contextos, Siria, Ucrania y Yemen, mientras que los\nllamamientos mejor financiados en t\u00e9rminos porcentuales fueron los de Guatemala, el Territorio\nPalestino Ocupado, Myanmar y la Rep\u00fablica Centroafricana. Los llamamientos con menor financiaci\u00f3n\nfueron los de los contextos de refugio, como Sud\u00e1n del Sur y Etiop\u00eda.\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figura 3 - Financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia\nen los planes nacionales y regionales de respuesta a refugiados\n(Fuente: Herramienta de Seguimiento de la Financiaci\u00f3n a Refugiados) [1]\n\n\nUganda 18.8 12%\n\n\n\n\n\nSud\u00e1n 12.0 9%\n\n|Rwanda Uganda DRC RRP|2.3 42% 14.7 12%|\n|---|---|\n|Rwanda
Tanzan\u00eda
RRP|2.3
42%
1.4
38%|\n|Sud\u00e1n|12.0
9%|\n\n\n\nEtiop\u00eda 11.1 27%\n\nKenya 4.1 6%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Nota: aqu\u00ed se combinan los planes regionales y nacionales de respuesta a refugiados, en funci\u00f3n de los\ndatos disponibles.\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Los organismos de las Naciones Unidas y las ONG\ninternacionales siguieron recibiendo la gran mayor\u00eda\nde la financiaci\u00f3n humanitaria para la protecci\u00f3n de la\nni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia. Solo el 2 % de la financiaci\u00f3n\nde la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia\nregistrada en el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero\nfue directamente a organizaciones locales. Si bien\nel aumento de la financiaci\u00f3n directa y de calidad\nes fundamental para fortalecer las funciones y las\ncapacidades de los profesionales locales y nacionales en\nprotecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia, las limitaciones\nde los mecanismos actuales de presentaci\u00f3n de informes\ndificultan el seguimiento preciso de la situaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n\n\nEn general, aunque la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de\nla ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia ha aumentado, siguen existiendo importantes problemas de financiaci\u00f3n.\nEn el contexto de los planes de respuesta humanitarios, este sector sigue teniendo una financiaci\u00f3n\ndesproporcionadamente insuficiente en comparaci\u00f3n con otros sectores humanitarios. En el\ncontexto del refugio, los planes de respuesta a refugiados reciben menor financiaci\u00f3n que los planes\nde respuesta humanitarios, lo que significa que la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la\nadolescencia tambi\u00e9n recibe una menor financiaci\u00f3n de la debida.\n\nLa mejora en la presentaci\u00f3n de informes y en la visibilidad de la financiaci\u00f3n son avances importantes,\npero garantizar recursos continuados y adecuados para un amplio abanico de profesionales en protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en contextos humanitarios sigue siendo un gran desaf\u00edo y obliga al sector\nhumanitario a prestar mayor atenci\u00f3n, ya que en este 2024 sigue habiendo limitaciones en la financiaci\u00f3n.\n\n## Recomendaciones\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Acerca del informe\n\nEste quinto informe, elaborado por la Alianza para la Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Adolescencia en la Acci\u00f3n\nHumanitaria, Save de Children, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados\n(ACNUR) y el \u00c1rea de Responsabilidad de Protecci\u00f3n Infantil analiza la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023. Destaca los d\u00e9ficits de financiaci\u00f3n\ny las lagunas fundamentales en los planes de respuesta humanitarios y en los planes regionales de\nrespuesta a refugiados, adem\u00e1s de hacer hincapi\u00e9 en la necesidad de una financiaci\u00f3n equitativa y de\ncalidad. Adem\u00e1s, el informe brinda recomendaciones estrat\u00e9gicas para mejorar la financiaci\u00f3n y en las\nque fundamentar las pol\u00edticas y las pr\u00e1cticas que abordan las necesidades espec\u00edficas de los menores.\nAl apoyar la promoci\u00f3n e impulsar la rendici\u00f3n de cuentas, esta serie de informes tiene como objetivo\ngarantizar que los menores en situaciones de crisis humanitarias reciban los servicios esenciales de\nprotecci\u00f3n que necesitan.\n\n\nEl estudio se basa, principalmente, en el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero de la Oficina de\nCoordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos Humanitarios de las Naciones Unidas (OCHA, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), que\nmonitorea la financiaci\u00f3n humanitaria internacional, inclusive en sectores concretos, tales como la\nprotecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia. Se ha mejorado el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero para\naumentar la precisi\u00f3n y la minuciosidad de los datos, lo que incluye los datos sobre la financiaci\u00f3n de\nsectores espec\u00edficos en los programas multisectoriales. Sin embargo, no recoge todos los datos sobre\nla financiaci\u00f3n de las respuestas nacionales y regionales para personas refugiadas. Para abordar\nesta laguna, el informe tambi\u00e9n utiliza datos de la Herramienta de Seguimiento de la Financiaci\u00f3n a\nRefugiados de ACNUR y otros datos proporcionados por esta entidad. El an\u00e1lisis abarca 26 planes\nde respuesta humanitarios, el Plan de respuesta conjunta a la crisis humanitaria de los rohiny\u00e1s en\nBangladesh, el Plan regional de respuesta para refugiados y migrantes de Venezuela y 17 planes\nnacionales para refugiados incluidos en cinco planes regionales de respuesta a refugiados. Se han\ncalculado las necesidades de financiaci\u00f3n para la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia y los\nfondos recibidos a partir de los datos del Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero y de la Herramienta de\nSeguimiento de la Financiaci\u00f3n a Refugiados, para garantizar una visi\u00f3n global, a la par que se evita\nla doble contabilizaci\u00f3n. Todos los datos empleados en el informe est\u00e1n actualizados a fecha del 9\nde julio de 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ae11e86e-a464-481a-8d67-18f66f49653f/Ni%C3%B1os%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20desprotegidos%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20la%20financiaci%C3%B3n%20destinada%20a%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20ni%C3%B1ez%20y%20la%20adolescencia%20en%20la%20acci%C3%B3n%20humanitaria%20en%202023%20%28Resumen%20Ejecutivo%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_5/raw/doc_5_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_5/raw/doc_5_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 370c9e85b67b3c06ccec1fb3574cd5f895dc53ed..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_5/raw/doc_5_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 205**\n\n# **Ordered disorder:** **African asylum seekers in Israel** **and discursive challenges to** **an emerging refugee regime**\n\n\n**Yonathan Paz**\n\n\nE-mail: yonathan.paz@alumni.lse.ac.uk\n\n\nMarch 2011\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2017publications\u2018 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "''Let nothing be called natural\nin an age of bloody confusion,\nordered disorder, planned caprice,\n\nand dehumanized humanity,\nlest all things be held unalterable!''\n\n\nBertolt Brecht, dramatist, poet and a refugee.\n\n_The Exception and the Rule_, 1937\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper analyses Israel\u2018s response to a recent influx of African asylum seekers, a\nphenomenon whose nature and scale are unprecedented in Israel\u2018s history. It\naddresses three intertwined questions. What are the discursive challenges to the\nconstruction of an Israeli refugee regime? What dynamics foster their development?\nAnd how can those challenges be explained and deconstructed?\n\n\nSince early 2006 Israel has become a destination country for thousands of Africans\nwho are willing to take a long and risky journey to Israel. As with other industrialized\ncountries, Israel has responded with a range of exclusionary and at times contradictory\npolicies which aim to control and limit entrance to its territory. Unlike other such\ncountries, however, until very recently Israel did not have an asylum system, and its\nongoing institutional evolution is partly a response to the recent influx.\n\n\nAlthough it carries distinctive features, Israel\u2018s asylum regime is guided by the\nprevalent exclusionary logic which dominates the policies of other developed\ncountries. This has important implications for the asylum seekers. Their countries of\norigin and the scale of their influx challenge existing \u2017humanitarian spaces\u2018. Once a\ncritical threshold has been crossed, they are seen as a threat which can no longer be\ncontained. Accommodating measures are being rejected for self-preservation\nconsiderations, spurred-on by Israel\u2018s ethnonational identity.\n\n\nRelatively little has been written about the meaning and significance of these\ndevelopments (Willen 2010a, 2010b; Afeef 2009; Kritzman-Amir 2009; Yacobi 2009;\nMan 2010). This study seeks to complement the existing literature, drawing on a\ncombination of primary and secondary sources.\n\n\nDuring July 2010, a period of field work was carried out in which 14 semi-structured\ninterviews were conducted. Representatives of the key institutional bodies that deal\nwith refugees and asylum seekers were interviewed; namely the state (officials and\npoliticians); civil society (senior NGO staff and academics); and personnel at the\nOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It further\ndraws on a multidisciplinary review of academic papers, key governmental documents\nand diverse media reports. [1]\n\n\n1Three key newspapers are cited; _Haaretz \u2013_ a central-left newspaper, _Jerusalem Post_ - a central-right\nnewspaper and _Ynet,_ a news website, owned by Israel\u2018s most popular, politically-mainstream\nnewspaper _Yedioth Aharonot_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The paper consists of two parts. The first provides a historical overview that aims to\nsituate the influx within a regional geo-political context. The second suggests a\nthreefold evaluative typology of discourses; security, ethnonationalism and the gravity\nof the holocaust \u2013 societal pillars which critically influence both the state and the\nasylum seekers.\n\n\nBy critically presenting the evolution of Israel\u2018s responses to the influx, it argues that\na pattern of \u2017ordered disorder\u2018 governs a spectrum of rejectionist responses,\nunderpinned by the fundamental role of the \u2017asylum-migration nexus\u2018. The ordered\ndisorder also explains the degree of accommodating measures, provided by all actors.\nThe disordered relationship between the nation-state and the asylum seekers becomes\nthe Israeli \u2015national order of things\u2016 (Malkki 1995a).\n\n\n**African asylum seekers in Israel**\n\n\nSince the end of 2006 Israel has experienced an increasing influx of African refugees\nand asylum seekers. [2] The majority surreptitiously cross the continental border\nbetween Africa and Asia through Israel\u2018s southern border with Egypt. The asylum\nseekers originate mainly from Sudan and Eritrea, as well as other Sub-Saharan\ncountries. At the time of writing, it is estimated that around 26,000 asylum seekers\nhave entered Israel and a few hundred more continue to cross the border every month\n(Nathan 2010).\n\n\n_Sources: UNHCR Statistical Yearbooks. No data available for 2003. UNHCR has not yet published_\n_data for 2010._\n\nThe Sinai desert serves as a geographical barrier between the countries and only short,\n'sensitive' strips of the 260 kilometres are fenced. The asylum seekers often pay large\nsums to Bedouin smugglers (operating from both sides) who traffic them through the\ndesert. In a border characterised by an active trade of drugs, tobacco, weapons and\n\n\n2 As I demonstrate below the \u2017refugee terminology\u2018 is contentious. In the interest of coherence I\npredominantly use the term \u2015asylum seekers\u2016, a term which does not tells us much about motivation\nbut refers to the claim, which ought to stand evaluation. Thus, in this work, a person is considered an\nasylum seeker, until proven otherwise.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women [3] (Lutski 2005; Levenkron and Dahan 2003; Goldschmidt 2006), the asylum\nseekers have become yet another valuable commodity in the border\u2018s thriving political\neconomy. [4]\n\n\nThe journey is arduous and there are frequent reports of violence and starvation en\nroute. Since 2007, 250 cases have been reported of women who have been raped by\nBedouin smugglers, and it is estimated that many more go unreported (Wurgaft 2010;\nSTW 2010). After surviving this journey, asylum seekers arrive at a border patrolled\nby Israeli and Egyptian troops where Egyptian policy has made the crossing a deathdefying task. The UN and human rights organisations have documented more than 60\nfatal shootings of unarmed individuals since the summer of 2007 (UN 2010; HRW\n2008; AI 2008). While the frequency of such reports has decreased, shootings\ncontinued to occur in 2010 (Reuters 2010).\n\n\nThe scale and scope of this phenomenon is unprecedented in Israel. For the first time\nin its history, the country has become a destination for African migration. Moreover,\nthe plight of the refugees cannot be solely understood by traditional explanatory\nfactors such as conflict, violence and violations of human rights. Although these\nfactors drive refugees from Sudan and Eritrea, they are also intimately intertwined\nwith the \u2015globalisation of asylum seeking\u2016 (Gibney 2003, 23; 2004),\nunderdevelopment and economic incentives which often explain secondary\nmovements.\n\n\nThis \u2017asylum-migration nexus\u2018 notion recognizes the blurring of the traditional\ndistinction between economic and forced migrants (Castels 2007, 26), creating\npractical and rhetorical difficulties to differentiate these categories (Richmond 1995;\nHear 1998; Nyberg\u2013S\u00f8rensen, Hear, and Engberg\u2013Pedersen 2002; Crisp 2003). The\nrelationship reshapes and stratifies the refugee label, allowing developed countries to\ndesign restrictionist refugee regimes in which an array of deterrence measures serve to\nprotect sovereign territories from the invasion of \u2017bogus, opportunistic aliens\u2018 (Zetter\n2007; Chimni 1998).\n\n\n**African migration to Israel**\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR, the Middle East and North Africa host a fifth of the world's\nrefugees, excluding the considerable and growing population of Palestinian refugees. [5]\nSyria and Lebanon, Israel's northern neighbours, host a significant number. Syria is\nthe third largest refugee hosting country in the world with, according to government\nfigures, more than a million Iraqi refugees, while Lebanon hosts 50,000 refugees. To\n\n\n3 A parliamentary inquiry found that between 2001-2005, an annual number of 1,000 women were\ntrafficked through the border for prostitution (Lutski, 2005). Comprehensive enforcement has since\nsignificantly reduced the scale of women trafficked into Israel\n4 It is reported that in the case of some Eritreans, initial payment was made already in Eritrea (Interview\nwith a senior UNHCR official).\n5Article 1D of the 1951 Convention exclude persons who receive assistance from other UN bodies. It\nintentionally excludes the Palestinians who were displaced as a result of the 1948 war, and were under\nthe auspices of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East\n(UNRWA), an agency which was established prior to UNHCR. Palestinian refugees and their\ndescendants are now estimated at 4.7 million (UNRWA 2009). _Refugee Survey Quarterly_ has recently\npublished a special issue which provides a detailed historical account of this multifaceted issue (RSQ\n2009).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.748915433883667, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Reuters", - "confidence": 0.8166483044624329, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Israel", - "confidence": 0.8142309784889221, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.5204105973243713, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.979688823223114, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the east of Israel, Jordan hosts nearly 500,000 refugees, and to the South, Egypt (from\nwhich the majority of asylum seekers cross to Israel) hosts a population of more than\n100,000 (UNHCR 2009; USCRI 2009). It is also known that Egypt has a vast\npopulation of unregistered foreign nationals who are not accounted for in refugee\nstatistics. Estimates of their number vary considerably (Harrell-Bond and Zohry 2003;\nNassar 2008).\n\n\nWhile such numerical and comparative analysis suggests that Israel\u2018s asylum seeker\npopulation is relatively small, this approach does not illuminate the social and\npolitical issues which give Israel\u2018s asylum seekers particular political and cultural\nweight. Surrounded by Arab and Muslim countries with weaker economies, Israel\u2018s\nprosperity and democratic structure act as significant pull factors for migrants. The\ncountry\u2018s decision to follow UNHCR guidelines and not to deport Eritreans and\nSudanese while tolerating their unauthorised work must also function as an incentive.\n\n\nIt is also important to consider the circumstances that prompt Sudanese and Eritreans,\nthe two dominant groups of asylum seekers, to make Israel their first or second\ncountry of asylum (Afeef 2009, 9). While their circumstances significantly differ,\nEritreans and Sudanese share a desire to seek better protection and to pursue new\neconomic opportunities. They leave behind violence, poverty, difficult asylum\nprocedures, the dangers of forced return, a lack of durable solutions and social\nexclusion (HRW 2008).\n\n\nUntil 2006 the issue of asylum seekers in Israel did not constitute a dramatic policy\nconcern. Their small numbers and the limited institutional capacity to deal with them\npartially explain the significant gap that appeared between Israel\u2018s historic role in\ncontributing to the strengthening of the international refugee regime and its domestic\npolicies. [6] No Israeli refugee law was drafted, leaving a space which was filled by\npatchy and often inadvertent responses to the increasing influx (Kemp and Kritzman\n2008).\n\n\nIn the past, Israel has recognised groups of refugees and asylum seekers as a gesture\nof goodwill. Notable examples of such \u2017humanitarian anomalies\u2018 are the decision to\ngrant refuge to a few hundred Vietnamese boat-people in the end of the 1970s and to\nadmit a group of Muslim Bosnian refugees during the 1990s. (Ben-Dor and Adut\n2003, 21-22; Markowitz 1996).\n\n\nFollowing its withdrawal from South Lebanon in 2000, Israel admitted nearly 6,000\nmembers (and their families) of the South Lebanese Army, a sectarian militia who\ncollaborated with Israel during its occupation of South Lebanon. Such precedents,\ncoupled with public pressure, led former Prime Minister (PM) Olmert to grant an\nexceptional temporary residency to approximately 500 Darfurian asylum seekers in\nSeptember 2007 (Mualem 2007).\n\n\nIsrael historically handled asylum requests by outsourcing the process to UNHCR,\nusing the assistance of the agency\u2018s honorary correspondent in Israel, which later\nbecame an official representative office (UNHCR 2007) It was only in 2001, 50 years\n\n6 Driven by the horrors of the Holocaust in Europe and aiming to protect the Jewish refugees from\nWorld War II the young state of Israel was among the first 26 states who participated, alongside other\nJewish organisations in drafting the Convention, to which it became an official signatory in 1954. The\nstate\u2018s commitment was further strengthen when the Convention\u2018s 1967 protocol was signed in 1968.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "after the Refugee Convention was established, that Israel formulated an internal\ndirective which outlined procedures for the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers.\nThis procedure maintained the pre-existing hybrid nature of the RSD process; both the\nstate and UNHCR were involved (Ben-Dor and Adut 2003; Kemp and Kritzman\n2008). [7] An updated version of the directive was intended to come into force in\nJanuary 2011.\n\nThis status quo has been under immense pressure since 2006. The influx has focused\npublic attention on the issue and vividly demonstrated through the response of various\ninstitutions that a critical threshold has been crossed. The presence of 26,000 asylum\nseekers in dispersed urban centres is particularly visible in a small country such as\nIsrael and is generating considerable tensions.\n\n\n**Ordered disorder**\n\n\nThe government\u2018s incorporation of a range of deterrence measures alongside some\naccommodating procedures cannot be simply dismissed as stemming from Israel\u2018s\ninexperience in dealing with asylum seekers. The tension between Israel\u2018s democratic\nstructures, backed by its international commitments, and the state\u2018s attempts to shape\ntechnologies of power which control and limit entrance to its territory, is expressed in\na response to asylum seekers that can be understood as \u2017ordered disorder\u2018 _._\n\n\nThe pattern of \u2017ordered disorder\u2018 is guided by a consistent logic intended to make\nasylum claims unsustainable. The state\u2018s trial-and-error measures for dealing with\nrefugees have shaped the sense of non-policy which has been described by others as\nchaotic bureaucratic ambiguity (Afeef 2009, 11) and governmental unruliness (Willen\n2010b).\n\n\nHowever, behind this ostensible chaos or unruliness lies an ordering principle which\naims to deliver a clear and unwelcoming message. Ultimately, the range of measures\nemployed to send a \u2017no-entry\u2018 signal, and the array of deterrence signals used to\nreduce the numbers of future arrivals, establish the temporariness of asylum claims in\nIsrael.\n\n\nConversely, NGOs, the media and Israeli officials have held Israel accountable to the\nhigh standards of its international commitments. Thus, in parallel to employing harsh\ndeterrence measures, Israel has also offered limited and differing degrees of\nprotection.\n\n\nOver time, the government has issued a few thousand work permits to Sudanese and\nEritreans, exercising a degree of tolerance and recognition of their needs, although\nthese were exceptional permits that had to be renewed. But the majority of asylum\nseekers have not received such permits and have been forced to work illegally to\nsurvive. Such uneven, contradictory action exempts the state from declaring its\nallegiance either to deterrence or tolerance.\n\n\n7UNHCR made the initial identification and interview of the asylum seeker. On the basis this process, a\nrecommendation was given to the National Status Granting Body (NSGB), an inter-ministerial\ncommittee responsible for considering UNHCR recommendations. The final decision was taken by the\nMOI.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A senior Ministry of Interior (MOI) official demonstrated the logic of non-policy\nwhen he was asked about employment issues in a session of the \u2017Special\nParliamentary Committee on the Problem of Foreign Workers\u2018 (SCPFW, 2010): \u2015In\nprinciple the law is there, on the other hand there is a decision not to enforce [it]\u2016.\nRealising that enforcement of unlawful employment may force the government to\nprovide care for the tens of thousands of asylum seekers, the state tolerates their work,\nand nurtures the general disorder.\n\n\n\u2017Ordered disorder\u2018 can also be perceived as a response to the challenges the refugees\npose to what anthropologist Lisa Malkki (1995a; 1995b) calls the \u2015national order of\nthings\u2016. Issues of sovereignty and nationalism constitute the \u2015regime of order and\nknowledge\u2016 (Malkki 1995a, 5) that make-up the Israeli nation-state, are challenged by\nthe subversion that asylum seekers create. Their liminal status threatens the perceived\nnational order of things as they confront the state with their refugeehood.\n\n\nAs Agamben (1995) puts it (in reference to Arendt (1978)), refugees represent \u2015a\ndisquieting element\u2026by breaking up the identity between man and citizen, between\nnativity and nationality, the refugee throws into crisis the original fiction of\nsovereignty\u2016. In the face of this symbolic threat, Israel has employed a range of\n\u2015specialised correctives\u2016 (Malkki 1995a, 8) to restore the \u2017real\u2018 national order of\nthings.\n\n\nWhile this politically useful framework of \u2017ordered disorder\u2018 has consistently\noverarched the state\u2018s rejectionist policies, a pattern of evolution should also be\nacknowledged, especially in the implementation of Israel\u2018s \u2017corrective\u2018 impulses.\nAfeef (2009) fruitfully cites three examples of the contradictory policies which began\nto unfold as the influx increased.\n\n\nFirst, the policy of detention, a key deterrence measure, was exercised even prior to\n2006. As citizens of an \u2017enemy state\u2018 the early arrivals from Sudan were held in\ndetention for long periods, because they were identified as a potential security threat,\nwhich effectively debarred them from the asylum procedure (Tal 2007). This\narrangement was increasingly applied to the majority of the asylum seekers who\narrived in Israel (including minors), regardless of their nationality. [8]\n\n\nSecond, the equally hostile response of \u2017hot return\u2018, whereby asylum seekers were\nimmediately returned to Egypt after crossing the border. Israel forcibly returned to\nEgypt an estimated 220 asylum seekers who were caught crossing the border, denying\ntheir right to claim asylum, in spite of the state\u2018s knowledge of Egyptian policies\nwhich sometimes breached the Convention\u2018s non-refoulement principle. Following a\npetition to the Israeli Supreme Court it seems that this policy is no longer practiced,\nbut human rights organisations claim that it continues to periodically occur (RRF\n2008, 2009).\n\n\nFurthermore, in attempting to address concerns regarding over-crowding and\nemployment pressures the government initiated the \u2017Hadera-Gedera Provision\u2018,\nnamed after the two cities which geographically delineated a \u2017no-go\u2018 area for\n\n\n8 The functions of the prison system deserve further research. They arguably operate as \u2017revolving\ndoors\u2018 centres (although at different periods Sudanese asylum seekers were in prison for more than a\nyear).\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees. This provision attempted to legally secure and isolate the Tel-Aviv\nmetropolitan area, Israel\u2018s economic heart from being \u2017hijacked\u2018 by the asylum\nseekers\u2018 low-cost labour.\n\n\nThis policy created economic-political pressures on smaller more desolate towns and\nprevented refugees from accessing UNHCR offices and NGOs\u2018 services in Tel-Aviv.\nFollowing a petition to the Supreme Court and strong public pressure from NGOs,\nMembers of Knesset (MK) and officials in the local authorities, the MOI cancelled\nthis \u2017corrective provision\u2018, more than a year after it was announced (Afeef 2009, 13).\n\n\nMore recently, driven by its dependence on UNHCR, the government established a\nnew RSD Unit within the newly formed Population, Immigration and Border\nAuthority (Ilan 2008; Wurgaft 2009). From July 2009 this unit was given the role of\nundertaking the RSD process.\n\n\nThis transition followed a comprehensive preparatory process which involved training\nby UNHCR and other organisations, who commended the government for its efforts. [9]\nAlthough ostensibly a positive step of taking responsibility for refugee protection \u2014\nor at least as one interviewee observed: \u2015a work in progress\u2016 heading in this direction\n\n- the RSD unit exists within ongoing institutional disorder, which severely\nundermines its capabilities.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2018s head in Israel has stated: \u2015They are quite serious in how they approach it,\nbut the biggest drawback ... is that there is no legal framework in place. There are no\npublished procedural guidelines on their work\u2016 (Friedman 2010a). A patchwork of\nadministrative decisions and political strategy block access to refugee status.\n\n\nAt present Sudanese and Eritreans, who constituting 85 per cent of the refugee\npopulation, do not go through the RSD process. Instead, they receive temporary group\nprotection which indicates the government\u2018s recognition that that they are likely to\nsuffer persecution. This status, however, strategically delays the RSD process and the\npotential convention status (Kritzman-Amir 2009). Moreover, it was recently reported\nthat out of 3,000 applicants of other nationalities, only two were granted refugee\nstatus (Weiler-Polak 2010).\n\n\nLastly, and perhaps most dramatically, PM Netenyahu recently approved the\ngovernment\u2018s long-lasting intention to erect a surveillance fence along parts of the\nEgyptian border. Stating that Israel will remain open to refugees from conflict zones\nhe framed the fence as a \u2015strategic decision to secure Israel's Jewish and democratic\ncharacter\u2016, arguing that \"We cannot let tens of thousands of illegal workers infiltrate\nIsrael through the southern border and inundate our country with illegal aliens\"\n(McCarthy 2010).\n\n\nThe following sections demonstrate how three core preoccupations \u2017discursively\ndress\u2018 the bare lives of refugees in Israel and illuminate the \u2015chronic tension between\n\n[the refugees\u2018] presence as bare life and as political actors, subject of history\u2016 (Malkki\n2002, 359). They are: (a) securitisation and its relations to the Israeli-Palestinian\nconflict, (b) ethnonationalism and (c) the legacy of the holocaust. These discourses\n\n\n9 The government\u2018s serious attempts were repeatedly mentioned in the interviews.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "have developed as Israel\u2018s ideological \u2017containment threshold\u2018 for the presence of\nasylum seekers has been crossed.\n\n\nIn reality, the three discourses are closely intertwined as key pillars of Israeli identity\nand society. Yet analytically distinguishing between them highlights how each creates\nparticular problems for the construction of an Israeli asylum regime and how asylum\nseekers serve as a template in the discourses\u2018 formation.\n\n\n**Security discourse**\n\n\nThe gravity of the security prism in Israel cannot be overstated. Officially managed\nunder a legal \u2017state of emergency\u2018 since its establishment 62 years ago, Israel has\nfought eight major wars, exercised countless military operations, experienced vicious\nterror attacks and continues to engage in the intricate Israeli-Palestinian conflict while\ndealing with threats of destruction.\n\n\nUnder these conditions, security in Israel cannot be dismissed only as a social\nconstruct, but should rather be seen as a pivotal \u2017societal pillar\u2018 that has psychological\nand social elements, based in Israel\u2018s geo-political reality. It is not surprising that\nasylum seekers (some of whom are citizens of hostile states to Israel) entering\nillegally through the notorious Egyptian border are conceived as a security threat.\n\n\nThe inability of the asylum seekers to voice their agency has become a fertile ground\nfor a campaign which used vilifying rhetoric to construct a number-oriented, securitycentred discourse. As Gibney (2002, 41) has pointed out, despite fleeing from terror\nand persecution, refugees often unwillingly become representatives of such violent\nand repressive phenomena in refugeedom.\n\n\nFollowing the 2006 influx, discussions about asylum seekers were gradually\nsecuritised, culminating with the recent decision to erect the surveillance fence. The\nhead of the Egyptian-Israeli fence project is a high ranking army officer who was\ndefined by one military correspondent as the \u2015father and mother of the separation\nwall\u2016 between Israel and the West Bank (Buhbut 2006). Such presence serves as a\nuseful reminder of the close connection between managing Israel\u2018s new security\nconcerns about asylum seekers and its control over the Occupied Palestinian\nTerritories.\n\n\nThe Israeli state began to frame the influx of asylum seekers as a security concern\nfrom early 2006, in parallel to the establishment of the \u2017hot returns\u2018 procedure. In a\nspecial meeting in early 2008 former PM Olmert employed a disturbing \u2017natural\ndisaster\u2018 terminology to describe the situation, stating: \u2015This is a tsunami that can\ngrow and we need to take every measure to stop it\". This threatening imagery helped\nhim to argue that security officials should \"prevent the refugee infiltrations, even if\nthe matter requires the use of force\" (JP 2008).\n\n\nThe \u2017asylum-migration nexus\u2018 was strategically used to give a security dimension to\nwhat Willen (2010a, 508) calls \u2015the epistemological and classificatory confusion\u2016 that\naccompanied the state\u2018s refusal to describe the arrivals as refugees or asylum seekers.\nInstead, it denounced them as \u2017infiltrators\u2018 ( _mistanenim)_ and later, fuelled by\nrejectionist rhetoric by politicians and others, coined the neologism \u2013 \u2015labour\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "infiltrators\u2016 ( _mistaneniavoda_ ) in an effort to associate refugees with a threat to the\nemployment prospects of Israelis.\n\n\nAs one academic interviewee observed, the ongoing primacy of this term\ndemonstrates \u2015the success of agents within the [governmental] institutions to inject\nthis discourse and create a sort of panic\u2016 characterised by a \u2015takeaway feeling \u2013 they\nwill come here, take what we have, and change this place\u2016.\n\n\nThis \u2015takeaway feeling\u2016 partly explains the urgency of an MK who suggested various\nsecurity technologies that allowed Israel to act in a middle zone between violence and\ndoing nothing: \u2015\u2026preventing entrance, a fence, guard dogs, sensors\u2026arrivals will not\nbe answered and received, we will not let them in\u2016\u2026\u2016Between killing and not acting\nthere is prevention, [and the state should act upon it] if Israel wishes to survive\u2016.\n\n\nHowever, any discussion which touches upon security-related issues must also\nconsider the close triangular relationships between African refugees, Palestinian\nrefugees and Israeli security considerations. In the Israeli context, the term \u2017refugee\u2018\nis traditionally associated with two types of refugee: Jewish holocaust survivors who\nfled Europe and the Palestinian refugees who were displaced as a result of the 1948\nWar.\n\n\nThe state fears that recognizing African asylum seekers as refugees will open the\nPandora\u2018s Box of Palestinian refugees\u2018 claims for territory, compensation and most\nimportantly, right of return. Combined, these demands are perceived as a threat for the\ncountry\u2018s ethnonational character and its very existence as a Jewish and democratic\nstate (cf. Shafir and Peled 1998; Yiftachel 2000; 2006; Gavison 1999).\n\n\nAlthough article 1D of the 1951 Convention excludes the Palestinian refugees, the\nresolution concerning their fate has remained amongst the key intricate issues in the\nnegotiations between the sides (e.g. Peters and Gal 2009). Although the two \u2017refugee\nissues\u2018 are not legally or practically related, the primordial/contemporary presence of\nthe Palestinian refugees shapes immigration debate in Israel. As one interviewee\nclaimed, the issue of Palestinian refugees accompanies any discussion about African\nrefugees.\n\n\nThe \u2015labour infiltrators\u2016 terminology serves three key functions. First, it portrays the\nrefugees as a threat to Israeli employment. Second, this neologism enables the state to\nde-link the contemporary influx from the contentious tensions associated with the\n\u2017Palestinian refugee\u2018 as a symbol for territorial claims.\n\n\nFinally, it draws on an emotionally freighted term and set of events that suggest grave\ndanger to Israeli identity and individuals. Infiltration is associated with a specific\nhistorical episode, (and in many ways a contemporary one too); 'infiltrators'\n\n[ _mistanenim_ ] are associated with the Palestinian _Fedayeen_ [10] movement which\nemerged as a response to the 1948 war and the establishment of Israel.\n\n\nImmediately after the war thousands of Palestinian refugees began to cross the border\nback to their houses. At first, they were motivated by socio-economic concerns\n\n\n10Arabic for self-sacrificer.The term refers to different groups, in different times. It is cited here to\naddress the post 1948 period throughout the 1950s.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "regarding their families, property, crops and houses. These returns were perceived by\nthe Israeli side as an act of infiltration that did not only involve trespassing but also\nconstituted a threat to the new state.\n\n\nAs the post-war tensions increased, the infiltration changed its purpose, and developed\ninto a national struggle. Throughout the 1950s (arguably with the support of the\nneighbouring states) groups of Palestinian guerrilla fighters attacked Israeli civilian\nand military targets. These acts were followed by retaliation by the Israeli army,\nleading to many causalities on both sides (for a detailed account see Morris 1997;\nBenvenisti 2002).\n\n\nOne NGO worker highlighted the state\u2018s intention to take the issue \u2015to a place that\nconnects [the refugees] to the Palestinian struggle and security dilemmas\u2026but it is a\nmanipulation of the discourse\u2016. Other interviewees highlighted important nuances, as\na different NGO worker argued: \u2015the phobia from the [African] refugees began with\nthe phobia from the Palestinian refugees, but it has received a life of its own\u2016.\n\n\nReferring to the legal aspects of the emerging asylum regime, a third interviewee\ntouched on this evolution: \u2015a ten years process has taken place, and the Palestinian\nissue has not really succeeded to enter the asylum regime because they have\nsucceeded in creating deterrence...they suddenly realised however, that the refugee\nconvention can be a serious explosive even without the Palestinian refugees\u2026even\nthough every Israeli has the Palestinian issue here [pointing at her nape], it is no\nlonger at the forefront. The demographic issue is \u2013 and demography is not only the\n\n[Israeli-Palestinian] conflict, demography is a few more things including [the\nquestion]: \u2017do you want Israel to become Africa?\u2018\u2016 [A3].\n\n\n**The ethnonational discourse**\n\n\nIsrael\u2018s Declaration of Independence refers to the state as \u2015the birthplace of the Jewish\npeople\u2016 and their \"ancient homeland\u2016. It states that Israel would \u2015open the\ngates...wide to every Jew and confer upon the Jewish people the status of a fully\nprivileged member of the comity of nations\u2016 (MFA 1948/2010). Established to\nexpress the right of the Jewish people to self-determination and grounded in the\nZionist ideology, Israel\u2018s Jewish and democratic character is underlined by the 1950\nLaw of Return which constructs a distinctive migration regime.\n\n\nThe law establishes the \u2015natural right\u2016 of every Jew to return to the homeland and\nbecome a citizen, based on ethno-religious ancestral ties which are represented in the\nmodern nation, and in the ideological commitment to Jewish immigration (Sachar\n2000; Shuval 1998). The law constructs a migration regime that defines the\nparticularities of membership claims while excluding those who do not meet its\ndemands, creating varying degrees of a much-debated structural discrimination\nagainst non-Jews, and in particular Palestinians (cf. Carmi 2003; Yiftachel 2006;\nGavison 2010).\n\n\nThe state actively seeks, via a range of institutions, to encourage Jewish\n\u2017homecoming\u2018 and sustain a Jewish demographic majority. Israel\u2018s self-defined\n\u2015Jewish and democratic\u2016 character creates inherent tensions for non-Jewish migrants\n(amongst others) who are conceived by some as an existential threat (Kritzman-Amir\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2009), not only demographically but \u2015...one or a combination of biological dilution\n...cultural downgrading, security danger, subversion and political instability\u2016 (Smooha\n2002, 478 cited in Afeef 2009, 3).\n\n\nWhile these tensions were arguably contained for decades, from the 1990s onwards\nthree patterns of migration to Israel challenged the state\u2018s definitional features. First,\nIsrael absorbed more than one million Jewish and non-Jewish migrants from the\ncollapsing Soviet Union who were primarily driven by economic considerations. [11]\nSecond, the government encouraged labour migration from overseas to replace\nPalestinian workers from the West Bank and Gaza who were gradually rejected due to\nthe deterioration in the security situation following the 1987 first _Intifada._ [12]\n\n\nFrom the state\u2018s prism, these labour migrants were not perceived as immigrants but\nonly as authorised workers who met the booming economy\u2018s needs (Kemp and\nReijman 2008; Reijman 2009; Kemp 2010). Accordingly, government policy towards\nthem consisted of differing policies, including a large-scale governmental deportation\ncampaign targeted at authorised workers who overstayed their visas and became\nunauthorised (Willen 2007). The third transformation is the ongoing influx of African\nmigrants.\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, the 2006 refugee influx met heightened anxiety over the\ntransforming ethnonational character of the Israeli nation-state. The idea that mass\ninflux involves demographic change has deep roots and was tactically used by Jews\nthemselves prior to establishment of the state and during the British mandate\n(Neuman 1999). This language was engaged again, intensified by these changing\npatterns of migration and the ongoing focus on state security, to represent asylum\nseekers as a serious threat to both social cohesiveness and security - conveyed through\nthe transportable, easy-to-use refugee template.\n\n\nPoliticians and public officials further inflamed the debate by releasing controversial\nstatements. PM Netanyahu employed rejectionist rhetoric: \u2015infiltrators cause cultural,\nsocial and economic damage, and pull us towards the Third World\u2016 and, in a slip of\ntongue, he later referred to the infiltrators as \u2015surge of refugees who threaten to wash\naway our achievements and damage our existence as a Jewish democratic state\u2016\n(Goldstein 2010).\n\n\nThe head of the SCPFW has called for a stop to the \u2015illegal infiltration\u2016 and defined it\nas an immediate \u2015demographic, cultural, religious and social threat\u2015...\u2015[as] the Jewish\npeople have spent 100 years building a Jewish state and in 10 years the infiltrators can\nwash it all down the drain\" (Katz 2010).\n\n\nSuch pronouncements were followed by a semi-xenophobic media campaign\norganised by the mayor of Eilat, Israel\u2018s resort city and the nearest city to the southern\nborder, who complained about the municipal burden associated with the number of\nAfrican asylum seekers in his city. He called Israel\u2018s inaction \u2015national suicide\u2016\n(Friedman 2010b), while comfortably failing to mention the economic benefits of the\nasylum seekers\u2018 low-cost labour in the city\u2018s hotels, tolerated by both government and\n\n\n11 This was enabled by a 1970 amendment to the Law of Return which expanded its scope to include\nthe spouses and close relative of any Jew.\n12Arabic for uprising.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "his municipality. Another example of a religious-ethnonational discourse was the call\nof local rabbis in South Tel-Aviv\u2018s deprived neighbourhoods (in which many asylum\nseekers and migrant labourers reside) not to rent flats to the \u2015dangerous infiltrators\u2016\n(Harkov 2010).\n\n\nOne academic interviewee has argued that the state\u2018s \u2015remarkable consistency in its\noverall rejection of the refugees can be understood through its core concerns with\n\u2015their \u2017otherness\u2018, the state does not want both the Muslim [refugee] and the Christian\n\n[refugee]\u2026but the basic logic is simple, and it has to do with their increasing numbers\nand the nature of the Jewish state\u2016...[something] \u2015which cannot be overridden as a\nparanoia per se\u2016.\n\n\nAs a few civil society and academic interviewees pointed out, these base fears are\nenacted by the \u2017socialisation\u2018 of public officials who feel they are \u2015the Jewish\ndemocratic state\u2018s gatekeepers\u2016, bearing responsibility to limit the non-Jewish\nimmigration to Israel as much as possible. One NGO worker argued that these\nofficials see their role as \u2015preventing drastic demographic deterioration... similarly to\nthat of the Dutch boy who plugs a dike with his finger\u2016.\n\n\nIn contrast, one NGO worker argued that civil society organisations \u2015advocate a\nperception of \u2017universalistic citizenship\u2018, where everyone should have rights\u2026they do\nnot see the nationality issue as relevant, but publicly, it is not stated. In today\u2018s public\natmosphere, we will not say it out loud because it does not serve the struggle and the\nstrategy\u2016. As the same NGO worker argued: \u2015the central issue here is [one that\naddresses] the nature of Israeli civil society, the struggle is about the character of\nIsrael as a state, and the refugees are not really sharing this struggle, they are rather\ndisempowered by it\u2016.\n\n\nBoth security and ethnonational discourses have intensified as the numbers of asylum\nseekers have risen sharply, crossing a critical threshold beyond which refugee issues\ncan no longer be ignored as \u2017out of sight, out of mind\u2018. The next section highlights a\nthird challenge which complements the ethnonational, security-conscious image: the\nexperience of the holocaust.\n\n\n**The holocaust/genocide discourse**\n\n\nThe holocaust is a fundamental social component of the Israeli society - its legacy is\ndeeply rooted in past and contemporary Israeli identity (Zertal 2005). The\naforementioned decision of former PM Olmert to give temporary residence to 500\nDarfurians can be seen as an exceptional \u2017humanitarian anomaly\u2018, akin to those\ngranted by Israel in the past. While it has a humanitarian dimension, granting\nrecognised survivors of genocide protection in Israel inherently relates to Jews\u2018 and\nIsraelis\u2018 own experiences of genocide.\n\n\nThis \u2017holocaust discourse\u2018 has an ongoing role in shaping policies and attitudes\ntowards asylum seekers. It creates a degree of accommodating space for asylum\nseekers vis-\u00e0-vis Israel\u2018s commitment to human rights. The influx heightened the\ntension between ethnic nationalism, embedded in the state\u2018s identity, and an array of\nhumanitarian responses which followed the initial arrival of Sudanese (and later other)\nrefugees. These humanitarian responses were partially (and arguably) motivated by\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the shared \u2017intimacy\u2018 of the genocide experience between Israelis and Sudanese from\nDarfur.\n\n\nThe centrality of this issue was highlighted in 2006-7 which saw a significant increase\nin the numbers of asylum seekers. Analogies to the holocaust as the Israeli/Jewish\n\u2017moral barometer\u2018 were commonly drawn by politicians (Knesset Discussion 2007),\nacademics - including a leading holocaust scholar who compared Israel\u2018s policies to\nSwitzerland\u2018s and Britain\u2018s policies towards Jews in the Second World War (TAU\n2007; Bauer 2008), reserve soldiers who served at the border and witnessed Egyptian\nshootings (Bereshkovsky 2007) and even senior religious figures (Ynet 2007).\n\n\nOne newspaper\u2018s editorial explicitly defined the linkage: \u2015The first moral\ncommandment of the state of the Jews is that it does not have the right to slam the\ndoor in the face of refugees fleeing genocide\u2016 (Haaretz 2007). Such calls led many\nother Israelis to express their moral commitment by providing donations or food\nproducts, or by hosting asylum seekers in their houses or settlements.\n\n\nAs Willen (2010a) has pointed out, the \u2015kinship of genocide\u2016 between Jewish\nexperiences of the holocaust and Darfurian survivors shaped accommodating\nhumanitarian responses but it also led to the creation of a hierarchy of suffering in\nwhich Darfurian Sudanese received a special humanitarian primacy over others. Their\nspecific, \u2017right\u2018 kind of suffering could be better accommodated than others forms of\nsuffering.\n\n\nWith the rise in the numbers of Eritrean asylum seekers who gradually and\nsignificantly outnumbered the Sudanese (and particularly that of Darfurians), the\ninflux reached its critical threshold. The kinship of genocide towards asylum seekers\nhas eroded and the short-span of this episodic golden-era (if indeed there was ever\none) has reached its end. This made room for the deeper tensions between\nhumanitarianism and ethnonationalism. The migration side of the asylum-migration\nnexus undermined the asylum side as the \u2015labour infiltrators\u2016 terminology took\nprimacy.\n\n\nIn the words of some interviewees, the moral obligations of holocaust survivors were\nbalanced with more pragmatic concerns. A government official stated: \u2015the people of\nIsrael are merciful in their nature, and the experience of the holocaust hovers above \u2013\nthose who will be recognised as refugees will be treated with all due respect, but those\nwho are not recognised \u2013 people need to understand that this becomes a heavy\nfinancial burden\u2016. An MK argued that the kinship of genocide is not the issue:\n\u2015people do not know what is Eritrea, what kind of state, at most they will tell you\n\u2017something in Africa\u2018, they do not know\u2026Sudan, Darfur, Ethiopia, Africa, Muslims \u2013\neverything in one parcel \u2013 only few are really aware of the details\u2016.\n\n\nCivil society workers however, were intently aware of the way this balance had tipped\naway from the cultural weight of genocide, partially because they instrumentally\nattempted the holocaust discourse to support their advocacy and fund-raising\ncampaigns, an endeavour most referred to as a mistake. One academic highlighted the\nearly success of this technique as it \u2015paved the way for many people to understand\nand identify with the situation experienced by other people, through their collective\nhistory, and it was genuine personal identification\u2016.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Yet while the \u2015story of the Darfurians \u2026 enabled doing things for the rest\u2016, this\ninterviewee also identified the \u2015constricting\u2016 results of focusing on such a\n\u2015particularistic experience\u2016 to generate empathy and support for refugees: \u2015Israelis\nfind it difficult to identify with something they are not familiar with, but it does not\nmean we should not respond to it\u2016.\n\n\nLikewise, an NGO worker highlighted the Eritreans\u2018 subsequent problem: \u2015to market\ntheir refugehood\u2016\u2026it was much easier to mobilise public opinion\u2026[regarding]\ngenocide refugees. The political salience of language and carefully selected\nappellations was highlighted by many interviewees as they traced the transformations\nin the discourse from \u2015Auschwitz, and Israel\u2018s legacy of the holocaust\u2016 to deep\nconcerns with regard to the \u2015the faith of Israel if this influx will continue\u2016.\n\n\nThe kinship of genocide sheds light on the salience of the security and\nethnonationalist discourses. Moreover, it created a window of opportunity to see the\nasylum seekers as purposive actors. While the kinship has eroded, holocaust\ndiscourse, as a fundamental pillar of the Israeli society will continue to shape people\u2018s\ninterpretative readings and the state\u2018s responses to asylum seekers.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nDrizzle, trickle, flow, surge, flood, tidal-wave and even tsunami. Water metaphors are\ncommonly used to refer to asylum seekers and refugees. Turton (2003b) points out\nthree common features of such forced migration metaphorical language. First, the\nlanguage is shaped in inescapable but unpredictable terms as something which must\nbe resisted. Second, it dehumanises its subjects while shaping their presence as a\nthreat. Third, it relies on an \u2017us versus them\u2018 dichotomy.\n\n\nThese features are central to this paper\u2018s quest to explain and deconstruct the\ndiscursive challenges surrounding African asylum seekers and refugees in Israel. It\nhas sought to establish \u2017calmer waters\u2018 in which these discourses and their political\nimplications can be analytically evaluated. The exclusionist measures which have\nconstituted Israel\u2018s patchy policy responses highlight its strategy to cement asylum\nclaims as unsustainable, in the hope the surge of refugees will one day dry up.\n\n\nIsrael\u2018s \u2017refugee problem\u2018, albeit new, is not going to suddenly disappear. Far from\nbeing a local problem, critical analysis reveals the issue\u2018s developing salience. The\nfuture of Israel\u2018s asylum regime will be shaped by the discourses which were\nidentified in this study and others which will probably emerge and re-emerge.\n\n\nThe paper presented two intertwined arguments. First, the discursive formations\nwhich developed as a response to the influx are underlined by the reduction of the\nasylum seekers to the level of \u2017bare life\u2018, a form of depoliticised existence (Agamben\n1998). The asylum seekers serve, on a conceptual level, a convenient and an agencylimited template for these discourses to form, essentially affecting the treatment they\nreceive, which often serve the political interests of others. Second, the asylummigration nexus has a fundamental role in shaping debates over the \u2017correct\u2018 or\n\u2017accurate\u2018 definition of the asylum seekers \u2013 a category which cannot be distinctively\nconceptualised from economic migrants.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Drawing on such overlaps, Israel has constructed its own \u2015national order of things\u2016\n(Malkki, 1995): an ordered disorder which serves the evolutionary pattern through\nwhich it responds to asylum seekers. This ordered disorder progresses through\nostensibly contradictory and confused policies, but a vivid exclusionary principle\ngoverns its overall execution. Essentially, the exclusionary logic is not radically\ndifferent from the spectrum of measures used by other countries that limit the entrance\nof unwanted individuals to their territory.\n\n\nInstigating this spectrum of responses, asylum seekers are shaped and perceived by\nthe state as a blank slate, open to discursive turns supported by the strategic choices of\nactors from across the political spectrum. While anathema to many, and provided that\nthe current influx continues at its current rate, it is not impossible to envisage the\nestablishment of Israel\u2018s first \u2017infiltrators city\u2018 or refugee camp.\n\n\nServing a multiplicity of functions this ostensible \u2017city of infiltrators\u2018 would become a\ndetention centre for the asylum seekers, a deterrence measure for future arrivals and\nsimultaneously, a humanitarian space where their physical needs would be met\n(SCPFW 2010). Widely rejected and criticised, such considerations continue to live as\na potential policy resolution in the mind of decision makers, and may indeed\nmaterialise if the numbers of refugees continue to rise at current rates.\n\n\nBut another route can also be contemplated. Israel may develop legislation which\ntransforms the \u2017kinship of genocide\u2018 into a more inclusionist \u2017kinship of refugees\u2018\nwhich will respond to Israel\u2018s unique ethnonational character and past legacies while\naccommodating others\u2018 unique circumstances and history. Either way, as Foucault\n(cited in Campbell 1998, 515) has stated in support of the Vietnamese boat people:\n\u2015People\u2018s misfortune must never be the silent remainder of politics\u2016 \u2013 this paper\nattempted to reflect on a process which may allow exactly that.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/451637b7-6b25-36cb-81f7-0d5b1ceb308d/0349E1BAB7009CF785257850006FA04C-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_50/raw/doc_50_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_50/raw/doc_50_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2c41c3e80d1d99a04786653456826ef697915ba9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_50/raw/doc_50_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **MOLDOVA**\n##### **IANUARIE 2025**\n## **NOT\u0102 INFORMATIV\u0102 CU PRIVIRE** **LA REFUGIA\u021aII \u00ceN V\u00c2RST\u0102**\n###### Grupul de lucru pentru dizabilitate \u0219i v\u00e2rst\u0103 Forumul de Coordonare pentru Refugia\u021bi din Republica Moldova\n\nGrupul **operativ privind dizabilitatea \u0219i v\u00e2rsta (DATF)** a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een martie 2022 cu\nsprijinul Forumului de coordonare pentru refugia\u021bi \u0219i \u00een cadrul **Grupului de lucru pentru**\n**protec\u021bie** . Grupul operativ este compus din actori umanitari, inclusiv autorit\u0103\u021bi\nguvernamentale, agen\u021bii ale Organiza\u021biei Na\u021biunilor Unite, ONG-uri interna\u021bionale \u0219i\nna\u021bionale \u0219i organiza\u021bii ale persoanelor cu dizabilitate (OPD), care ofer\u0103 servicii specifice\npentru persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. Obiectivul s\u0103u este de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi\nincluziunea persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i a persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een r\u0103spunsul ucrainean\npentru refugia\u021bi din Republica Moldova, asigur\u00e2nd accesul la serviciile generale, precum \u0219i\ngarantarea disponibilit\u0103\u021bii serviciilor specifice pentru a r\u0103spunde nevoilor.\n#### **INFORMA\u021aII DE BAZ\u0102**\n\n\nAu trecut aproape trei ani de la invazia la\nscar\u0103 larg\u0103 a Ucrainei de c\u0103tre Rusia \u00een\nfebruarie 2022, for\u021b\u00e2nd milioane de\nucraineni s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u021bara \u00een c\u0103utare\nde siguran\u021b\u0103. La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, Moldova este\n\u021bara care a primit cel mai mare num\u0103r de\nrefugia\u021bi pe cap de locuitor raportat la\npopula\u021bia de 2,4 milioane. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii\ndecembrie 2024, aproximativ 135 000 de\nrefugia\u021bi din Ucraina erau \u00eenc\u0103 ad\u0103posti\u021bi\n\u00een Moldova, dintre care aproximativ\n\n76 000 au primit azil, protec\u021bie temporar\u0103 sau statut de rezident \u00een Moldova pentru a le\npermite acestora s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 legal \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces la servicii.\nRefugia\u021bii din Moldova sosesc \u00een principal din sudul \u0219i sud-vestul Ucrainei, inclusiv din\nora\u0219ul Odessa.\n\nCompozi\u021bia demografic\u0103 a persoanelor care trec frontiera este format\u0103 \u00een principal din\nfemei care c\u0103l\u0103toresc cu persoane aflate la \u00eentre\u021binere (sugari, copii \u0219i persoane \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103),\n\n - mare parte dintre acestea devenind \u00eengrijitoare singure ca urmare a separ\u0103rii familiale\nfor\u021bate de conflict.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/690a6894-4991-43ff-8356-0a7a1052e8c5/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Ro.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, aproximativ 50% sunt persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, ceea ce agraveaz\u0103\nriscurile cu care se confrunt\u0103 aceast\u0103 categorie de refugia\u021bi.\n\nAceast\u0103 not\u0103 informativ\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ofere o imagine de ansamblu a situa\u021biei\nrefugia\u021bilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 din Moldova, a lacunelor \u0219i nevoilor cu care se confrunt\u0103 ace\u0219tia,\nprecum \u0219i a eforturilor actuale depuse de p\u0103r\u021bile interesate din domeniul umanitar\npentru a aborda aceste provoc\u0103ri.\n\n\u00cen urma **Sondajului de Opinii** **Socio-Economice (SEIS)** 1 realizat de ini\u021biativa IMPACT \u00een\naugust 2024, urm\u0103toarele **patru domenii principale** au fost identificate ca av\u00e2nd un\nimpact semnificativ asupra **refugia\u021bilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103** \u00een compara\u021bie cu alte grupuri:\n\n\n**Accesul la informa\u021bii:** \u00cen compara\u021bie cu alte grupuri de refugia\u021bi, refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 se\nconfrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103ri semnificative \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te accesul la informa\u021bii. Mul\u021bi\nnu dispun de dispozitive necesare pentru a se conecta online, iar informa\u021biile\ndisponibile nu sunt adesea prezentate \u00een formate care s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 nevoilor lor.\n\n\n**Accesul la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103:** Accesul la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 \u0219i la medicamente a\nap\u0103rut ca o prioritate urgent\u0103 pentru refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, o propor\u021bie semnificativ mai\nmare identific\u00e2nd aceste nevoi \u00een compara\u021bie cu grupurile de refugia\u021bi mai tineri.\n\n\n**Canale de sprijin:** Refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 75 de ani \u0219i peste sunt mai pu\u021bin susceptibili\nde a avea acces la canale sigure \u0219i private pentru a solicita sprijin sau pentru a\nraporta preocup\u0103ri, inclusiv probleme sensibile ale comunit\u0103\u021bii (doar 75% au raportat\nacces, comparativ cu o medie de 95% pentru alte grupuri de v\u00e2rst\u0103).\n\n\n**Asisten\u021b\u0103 social\u0103:** \u0218aptezeci la sut\u0103 (70%) dintre refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 75 de ani \u0219i\npeste au raportat necesitatea de a avea un acces mai bun la serviciile de asisten\u021b\u0103\nsocial\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi situa\u021bia socio-economic\u0103 \u00een Moldova, \u00een compara\u021bie\ncu celelalte grupe de v\u00e2rst\u0103, care este mai mic\u0103 de 50%.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/690a6894-4991-43ff-8356-0a7a1052e8c5/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Ro.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **REZULTATE CHEIE 2024**\n\nDe la \u00eenceputul r\u0103spunsului pentru refugia\u021bi,\nactorii umanitari au sprijinit refugia\u021bii \u00een\nv\u00e2rst\u0103 prin diferite programe \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi,\ndup\u0103 cum s-a raportat la Forumul de\ncoordonare pentru refugia\u021bi. Printre\nrezultatele-cheie \u00een 2024, din ianuarie p\u00e2n\u0103\n\u00een septembrie, organiza\u021biile implicate \u00een\nr\u0103spuns au raportat urm\u0103toarele:\n\n\n\n\n|Persoane care primesc asisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een numerar (MPCA,
ajutor pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire, r\u0103spuns la VBG)|12.748|6.425|926|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Persoane
care
beneficiaz\u0103
de
sprijin
medical
(achizi\u021bionare de produse de s\u0103n\u0103tate, consulta\u021bii
medicale, sprijin financiar pentru servicii medicale)|121|61|15|\n|Persoane care particip\u0103 la serviciile \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bile
MHPSS (inclusiv nivelul 4 din piramida IASC)|1.225|210|2|\n|Persoanele cu nevoi specifice care beneficiaz\u0103 de
asisten\u021b\u0103 de protec\u021bie specific\u0103|671|228|103|\n|Persoane care primesc truse de igien\u0103, inclusiv truse
de prim ajutor|986|540|162|\n|Persoane
care
beneficiaz\u0103
de
asisten\u021b\u0103
juridic\u0103
individual\u0103|548|209||\n|**Num\u0103rul total de persoane \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 sus\u021binute \u00een**
**2024**|**17.153**|**7.994**|**1.208**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/690a6894-4991-43ff-8356-0a7a1052e8c5/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Ro.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **LACUNE \u0218I NEVOI**\n\n**Accesul la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103:** Refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 se confrunt\u0103 cu bariere \u00een\naccesul la asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 secundar\u0103 din cauza problemelor de\naccesibilitate, a costurilor ridicate \u0219i aplicarea neconsecvent\u0103 la statutul de\nprotec\u021bie temporar\u0103 (TP) de c\u0103tre furnizorii de servicii.\n\n\n**Provoc\u0103ri legate de locuin\u021be:** \u00cenchiderea centrelor de cazare pentru refugia\u021bi\n(RAC) creeaz\u0103 incertitudine pentru refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, \u00een special pentru cei cu\nposibilit\u0103\u021bi financiare sau mobilitate redus\u0103, care au nevoie de servicii\nesen\u021biale \u00een apropierea RAC-urilor.\n\n\n**Instabilitate financiar\u0103:** Cre\u0219terea costurilor de trai \u00eei face pe refugia\u021bii \u00een\nv\u00e2rst\u0103 s\u0103 fie nesiguri din punct de vedere financiar \u0219i s\u0103 se bazeze pe pensii,\neconomii sau ajutoare, ceea ce duce adesea la reducerea cheltuielilor pentru\nalimente sau asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103.\n\n\n**Bariere \u00een calea ocup\u0103rii for\u021bei de munc\u0103:** Limba, discriminarea pe criterii de\nv\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i problemele de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u00eei \u00eempiedic\u0103 pe refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 s\u0103\nlucreze, \u00een timp ce ajutorul \u00een numerar pentru chirie \u00eei exclude adesea pe cei\ncare nu \u00ee\u0219i pot g\u0103si un loc de munc\u0103.\n\n\n**Izolarea social\u0103:** Separarea de familie, mobilitatea limitat\u0103 \u0219i lipsa\nactivit\u0103\u021bilor sociale adaptate exacerbeaz\u0103 izolarea \u00een r\u00e2ndul refugia\u021bilor \u00een\nv\u00e2rst\u0103, subliniind necesitatea unor ini\u021biative comunitare adaptate v\u00e2rstei.\n\n\n**Accesul la informa\u021bii:** Competen\u021bele digitale limitate \u0219i lipsa schimbului de\ninforma\u021bii direct de la surs\u0103 \u00eempiedic\u0103 accesul refugia\u021bilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 la\ninforma\u021bii esen\u021biale, actualiz\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eenregistrarea pentru beneficii precum\nProtectia Temporar\u0103 (TP).\n\n\n**Dezagregarea datelor \u0219i asisten\u021ba direc\u021bionat\u0103:** Insuficien\u021ba datelor cu\nprivire la nevoile specifice ale refugia\u021bilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eempiedic\u0103 acordarea de\nsprijin direc\u021bionat de c\u0103tre organiza\u021biile umanitare.\n\n\n### **RECOMAND\u0102RI**\n\n\n\nPentru **Guvernul Republicii Moldova** :\n\n\n\n\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea comunic\u0103rii c\u0103tre to\u021bi refugia\u021bii, inclusiv c\u0103tre refugia\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, cu\nprivire la drepturile \u0219i serviciile care sunt acoperite prin statutul de Protec\u021bie Temporar\u0103.\nContinuarea \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birii accesibilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i adapt\u0103rii pentru persoanele cu mobilitate\nredus\u0103.\n\n\n\nPentru **comunitatea umanitar\u0103** :\n\n\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea colect\u0103rii \u0219i analizei datelor dezagregate pentru a direc\u021biona mai bine\nsprijinul c\u0103tre grupurile vulnerabile, inclusiv persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.\nContinuarea promov\u0103rii serviciilor de sprijin psihosocial pentru reducerea izol\u0103rii \u0219i\n\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii mintale.\nRevizuirea criteriilor de plat\u0103 \u00een numerar a chiriilor pentru a include mai bine\npersoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i pentru a asigura fonduri care s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor\nspecifice \u00een materie de \u00eenchiriere.\nExtinderea accesului la produse asistive adaptate nevoilor specifice ale refugia\u021bilor \u00een\nv\u00e2rst\u0103.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/690a6894-4991-43ff-8356-0a7a1052e8c5/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Ro.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **ISTORII DE LA REFUGIA\u021aI**\n\n_\"Am auzit de acest sport, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 acum nu \u0219tiam ce este mersul nordic. Dup\u0103_\n_antrenamentul de ast\u0103zi, cred c\u0103 este minunat pentru a te men\u021bine \u00een form\u0103, \u00een special_\n_pentru persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. Implic\u0103 \u00eentregul corp, de la picioare p\u00e2n\u0103 la m\u00e2ini.\"_\n\n\nTatiana, o refugiat\u0103 \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 61 de ani din Odessa, a ajuns \u00een S\u00eengerei, Moldova, \u00een\nmartie 2023, l\u0103s\u00e2ndu-\u0219i \u00een urm\u0103 so\u021bul \u0219i fiul. \" _M\u0103 simt \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 aici; suntem sprijini\u021bi din_\n_toate punctele de vedere \u0219i m\u0103 simt ca acas\u0103_ \", ne-a spus ea.\n\u00cen ziua \u00een care am \u00eent\u00e2lnit-o, Tatiana, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu al\u021bi refugia\u021bi \u0219i voluntari de la Safe\nCommunity Space, a practicat mersul nordic cu un instructor profesionist. Grupul s-a\nconsolidat rapid \u0219i a decis s\u0103 fac\u0103 din aceasta o activitate zilnic\u0103 cu bastoanele puse la\ndispozi\u021bie. \u00cen S\u00eengerei, unde refugia\u021bii stau cu familiile locale, ace\u0219tia au rareori ocazia de a\nstabili leg\u0103turi. Activit\u0103\u021bi precum acestea \u00eei ajut\u0103 s\u0103 se socializeze, s\u0103 se simt\u0103 sprijini\u021bi \u0219i\ns\u0103 devin\u0103 parte a comunit\u0103\u021bii. Tatiana crede c\u0103, prin aceste \u00eent\u00e2lniri, ei se simt utili,\n\n\n**Persoane de contact**\n\n**Co-leaderi ai grupului de lucru**\n\n**Daniele Pedretti**, specialist \u00een incluziunea persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 _HelpAge_, Daniele.Pedretti@helpage.org\n\n**Alberto Tonon**, specialist \u00een incluziunea persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, _UNHCR_, Tonon@unhcr.org\n\n**Ludmila Malcoci**, director executiv _Keystone Moldova_, Lmalcoci@khs.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/690a6894-4991-43ff-8356-0a7a1052e8c5/202501_BN_Older_Refugees_Moldova_Ro.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_500/raw/doc_500_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_500/raw/doc_500_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7a6449e3ef252ef9b783715c01d578813dcafcb0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_500/raw/doc_500_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,395 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|IDA RSW eligibility|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||**2**|\n||||||\n||||||\n|||||**1**|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n|||||**5**|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, Niger received an increasing number of refugees from the Sahel situation and\nthe Lake Chad Basin while itself facing several attacks from armed groups, triggering internal displacement\nof Nigerien nationals. Against this backdrop of security challenges and poverty for both host communities\nand refugees, a lack of capacity and infrastructure at institutional levels, and legal and administrative\nobstacles in asylum procedures, the Government of Niger maintained its open-door policy and continued\nto promote a progressive approach to managing refugee situations by ensuring that the rights provided\nunder its asylum legislation are protected and exercised whenever possible.\n\n\nFollowing pledges in connection with the development of the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)\nand the 2019 Global Refugee Forum, the Government of Niger has been working to revise the overall\nquality of the national legal and operational framework on asylum procedure and ensure legal access to\nland for refugees. Key policy instruments and developments in the reporting period include:\n## \u2022 [A Memorandum of Understanding that was signed between the Government of Niger and UNHCR in ]\n\nDecember 2017 set up the **Emergency Transit Mechanism (ETM).** This was later renewed in February\n2020 for an additional two years. The ETM offers **life-saving protection, assistance and solutions to**\n**vulnerable refugees** who have been stranded in detention centres and urban areas in Libya.\n## \u2022 [A Memorandum of Understanding was also signed on 31 January 2020 with the Ministry of Urbanism, ]\n\ngiving some 28,000 refugees **access to land, social housing and a water supply** .\n## \u2022 [An ][Economic and Social Development Plan (2017\u20132021][)][ was developed by the Ministry of Planning to ]\n\nstrengthen the resilience of refugees and host populations, build the capacity of national entities to\ndeliver **basic services in affected regions**, conduct **reconstruction and recovery efforts**, promote\n**knowledge transfer between humanitarian/development experts and decentralized public entitie** s,\nand distribute **biometric ID cards to refugees** .\n## \u2022 [In 2017\u20132018, the Government conducted a countrywide ] [registration campaign] [ aimed at collecting ]\n\nbiometric data and issuing refugee ID cards for all refugees hosted in Niger.\n## \u2022 [A National Action Plan against Statelessness] [ in Niger was finalized and the Government of Niger ]\n\nundertook a reform of its civil registration law culminating in the adoption of [Law No 2019\u201329 of 1 July](https://www.ceja.ch/images/CEJA/DOCS/Bib/Pays/Niger_S2/NIGER_RECUEIL_THEMATIQUE_Edition-2020.pdf)\n[2019](https://www.ceja.ch/images/CEJA/DOCS/Bib/Pays/Niger_S2/NIGER_RECUEIL_THEMATIQUE_Edition-2020.pdf) on civil status and its implementing Decree No 2019-463/PRN/MI/SP/D/ACR, making it easier for\nany refugee to register life events.\n\n\nNiger became eligible for the IDA18 Regional Sub-Window for Refugees and Host Communities (RSW) in\nSeptember 2017, through which the Government is pursuing policy change. In 2019, the Government\nbegan implementation of the Refugees and Host Communities Support Project (PARCA) at 15 locations\naffected by forced displacement. PARCA has improved the **economic inclusion of refugees and host**\n**communities** inter alia by introducing new social protection measures mainly at the 15 project sites. In\n2020, the Learning Improvement for Results in Education (LIRE) project was approved, which aims to\n**improve the quality of teaching and learning in selected refugee-hosting communities** and to **strengthen**\n**education policies**, including for refugees.\n\n\nThe Government of Niger also committed to regional solutions around the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin at\nthe [Second Regional Protection Dialogue on the Lake Chad Basin held in Abuja (28\u201329 January 2019) and](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/67797.pdf)\nat the [Regional Protection and Solutions Dialogue held in Bamako (11\u201312 September 2019) including](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71392)\nreinforcing the inclusion of refugees in national and local service delivery and advancing their\nsocioeconomic well-being by enabling their access to markets and employment.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nAt the financial and budgetary level, no policies specifically providing for timely additional financial\ntransfers from the national level to areas economically affected by the presence of refugees are in place.\nHowever, the 2017\u20132021 Social and Economic Development Plan ( _PDES/Plan de D\u00e9veloppement_\n_Economique et Social du Niger_ ) emphasizes the inflow of refugees as an economic and security risk and\nidentifies the lack of social and productive investments in priority areas as a major constraint.\n\n\nSocial protection is enshrined in the Constitution of Niger. The Government\u2019s 2011 National Social\nProtection Policy does not make explicit reference to host communities but recognizes the need to provide\nspecific assistance and support for the progressive and sustainable reintegration of some groups affected\nby emergency situations, including disaster victims, displaced persons and refugees. The first priority area\n(or \u201caxis\u201d) of the policy outlines a strategic vision to move from one-off emergency aid to the establishment\nof a permanent system of social safety nets that will contribute to building resilience and can be scaled up\nin case of crisis. The policy outlines how to link the prevention and protection aspects of social safety nets\nwith promotion measures that contribute to poverty reduction over the medium to long term. The fourth\npolicy axis deals with reducing inequalities and strengthening social protection for vulnerable groups\n(women, particularly young, and disabled persons). The general objectives of this axis are in particular to\npromote revitalization of the social security system and more specifically to support the existing\nprogrammes and provide special services and adequate benefits to the most vulnerable people.\n\n\nWith the support of the World Bank, the Government has strengthened the national capacity through the\nSocial Safety Net (CFS) Unit which coordinates and manages adaptive social protection programmes in\nNiger. The CFS Unit is part of the Prime Minister\u2019s Office and has nationwide coverage, including forcibly\ndisplaced, with programmes around three main elements: sensitization, targeted cash transfers and\nlivelihoods programming. CFS has been leading implementation of multiple cash-related projects. In\nMarch 2020, an interdisciplinary CFS working group was created pursuant to Order No 0055 of 26 March\n2020, made up of various governmental and United Nations agencies, as well as civil society members, to\nsupport CFS in formulating long-term strategic, technical and operational guidelines.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe sociocultural similarities between refugees and host communities in Niger are conducive to social\ncohesion. In fact, it should be noted that in the Maradi regions the generic term _En gudun Hijira_ (literally\n\u201cthe people of Hegira\u201d, i.e. the prophet Mohammed\u2019s followers who had to flee from Mecca to Medina) is\nused in reference to IDPs and refugees regardless of their nationality and status. The Government\u2019s outof-camp strategy is based on these endogenous dynamics of inclusion and solidarity and on the view that\nphysical separation of individuals with differing statuses would weaken social cohesion. This strategy is\npart of a pragmatic medium- and long-term vision based on the assumption that the security situation in\nneighbouring countries will remain fragile. Depending on the specificities of each region, the different\nsettlement and village models in place all aim to achieve inclusion. The strategy implicitly promotes\nsocioeconomic integration to foster social cohesion, particularly in terms of access to the same level of\nbasic services as host communities.\n\n\nPresidential Decree 2014/117 created the High Authority for the Consolidation of Peace (HACP), whose\nmain functions are to maintain peace and dialogue among different communities in Niger, in order that\nthey may live together in trust, tolerance and respect. HACP, which is made up of various organs and relies\non regional delegations, is meant inter alia to prevent and resolve community conflicts, facilitate dialogue\nand promote action towards peace and national unity. The main risks to social cohesion among refugee\nand host communities in Niger include competition over access to natural resources, agricultural land,\ngrass and firewood; illegal logging; destruction of crops by stray animals; reduced areas for nomads\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nleading to tensions between herders and farmers; and pressure on basic services. In light of this, HACP\nimplements several social cohesion projects in areas affected by displacement with the support of the\nUnited Nations Peacebuilding Fund (PBF). These include a project that promotes the inclusion of youth\nand women in conflict prevention and peaceful resolution mechanisms and provides socioeconomic\nopportunities for youth, as well as a peace and social cohesion project in the Diffa region that aims to\naddress the frustrations of host populations which are affected by rampant insecurity.\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s National Eligibility Commission (CNE) and UNHCR have assisted in the creation of\nsectoral committees on areas such as education, environment and hygiene in all refugee-hosting regions.\nThese committees are made up of both host community and refugee representatives. In Maradi, three\ncommittees have been specifically established to promote peaceful coexistence between refugees and\nhost communities. While not yet formally established throughout the country, informal conflict resolution\ncommittees have been set up by host communities and refugees who know each other well from past\ninteractions and shared history. These committees commonly deal with accusations of stolen livestock.\nChiefdoms, often in coordination with the administrative authorities, also play a central role in supporting\nsocial cohesion and conflict resolution within and among refugees and host communities.\n\n\nMany governmental and UNHCR initiatives (education and health care, one-stop shops in Ouallam, Abala\nand Ayorou, shelter projects for refugees also targeting vulnerable members of host communities) are\navailable for refugees and host communities alike, which further contributes to social cohesion by avoiding\ndisparate treatment between refugees and hosts.\n\n\n[Article 10 of Law No 97-016 of 20 June 1997 establishing the Status of Refugees (Refugee Law) makes](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nexplicit reference to non-discrimination between refugees and nationals as regards education, health,\naccommodation, personal safety, security of assets, freedom to choose a place of residence and freedom\n[of movement. Under Article 22 of the Constitution](https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/ne/ne005fr.pdf) of Niger, the State commits to eliminating all forms of\ndiscrimination against women, girls and persons living with disability and to public policies supporting\ntheir self-fulfilment and participation in national development. It also provides that the State will guarantee\nwomen equitable representation in public institutions through the national gender policy and respect for\n[quotas. Article 4 of Law 2011-42](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,NER,609f28494,0.html) of 14 December 2011 on legal and judicial aid provides that such aid is\naccessible to all without any distinction on the grounds of nationality, sex, age or other such considerations.\nDespite the relevant legal framework, women and girls \u2013from both refugee and host communities \u2013 have\nlow access to education and are underrepresented in decision-making committees and employment.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nEnvironmental protection, whose importance is mentioned in the 2010 Niger Constitution, is a priority\nexpressed in several strategic plans of the Government, primarily through the 1998 National environment\nplan for sustainable development (PNEDD) and the 2017\u20132021 social and economic development plan\n(PDES). To support these plans, Niger has an extensive legal framework for environmental and social\nmanagement which is further described below. While these policies do not directly refer to refugees or\nhost communities, they apply in refugee-hosting areas nonetheless.\n\n\nArticle 2 of Law 2018-28 of 14 May 2018 determining the fundamental principles of environmental\nassessment provides for such assessments, under the responsibility of the National Environmental\nAssessment Office (BNEE) of the Ministry of the Environment, to be conducted in relation to projects,\nprogrammes or any other activities that might harm the biophysical and human environments. Such\nassessments are similarly carried out in refugee settlements and sites, and require a follow-up action plan\naddressing the environmental impacts of the refugee settlement, suggesting corrective measures and\nensuring monitoring and surveillance mechanisms.\n\n\nSeveral plans, programmes and strategies define the policy on access to energy for the entire population,\nnotably the Rural Energy Service Access Programme (PRASE, April 2009) and the National Strategy for\nAccess to Modern Energy Services (SNASEM, January 2006). [The National Programme for Domestic](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ar/637721467992485927/pdf/98051-ESMAP-P145426-FRENCH-Box391500B-PUBLIC.pdf)\n[Energy](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ar/637721467992485927/pdf/98051-ESMAP-P145426-FRENCH-Box391500B-PUBLIC.pdf) [(PNED), currently under revision, aims to ensure an affordable domestic energy supply through](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ar/637721467992485927/pdf/98051-ESMAP-P145426-FRENCH-Box391500B-PUBLIC.pdf)\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nsustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity. This objective is also being pursued in\nareas affected by forced displacement; across all of the regions concerned, nearly 30,000 vulnerable\nhouseholds (refugees, IDPs and hosts) have received support from partners to switch from wood to gas.\n\n\nWaste management systems remain generally underdeveloped with insufficient triage systems,\nuncontrolled dumps and limited processing or recycling systems. There are nonetheless a number of\nexecutive orders applicable to the issue: Order No 97-01 of 10 January 1997 establishing environmental\nimpact studies; Law No 2014-63 of 5 November 2014 banning the production, import, sale, use and\nstorage of bags and packaging made of low-density flexible plastic, and Decree No 2015-321/PRN/MESU/\nDD of 25 June 2015 determining the modalities of application of Law No 2014-63 of 5 November 2014\nbanning the production, import, sale, use and storage of bags and packaging made of low-density flexible\nplastic.\n\n\n[The water sector is quite decentralized as provided in the November 2016 Sectoral Water, Hygiene and](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mha_programme_sectoriel_eau_hygiene_et_assainissement_proseha_2016_2030_2016.pdf)\n[Sanitation Plan and is hence regulated differently throughout the country. The Ministry of Hydraulics and](https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/mha_programme_sectoriel_eau_hygiene_et_assainissement_proseha_2016_2030_2016.pdf)\nSanitation supports local authorities in developing and managing public water services. Consultation\nframeworks are in place for water users, including refugees. Through this Plan, a participation approach to\nsanitation is promoted at community level to raise awareness of harmful sanitation practices and to decide\ncollectively on the most adequate hygiene standards. This approach is also being advocated in all refugeehosting regions. However, emergency community latrines, provided by UNHCR partners, are rapidly\ndeteriorating and are being abandoned by the population.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nNiger does not have a national preparedness framework specific to refugees or displaced populations\nmore generally. Risk and crisis prevention structures do exist within the Department of Risk and Disaster\nPrevention at the Civil Protection Department (Ministry of Interior) with a focus on floods and fires, and\nwithin the National Food Crisis Prevention and Management System (DNPGCA) of the Prime Minister\u2019s\nOffice with a focus on food, nutrition and pastoral crises and coordinating early recovery. The Ministry of\nHumanitarian Action and Disaster Management is responsible for developing, monitoring and evaluating\nhumanitarian policy and disaster management to anticipate the occurrence of disasters, including refugee\ninflows, and for coordinating national responses by drawing up contingency and action plans and preparing\nprogrammes and budgets, including the mobilization of partners and resources.\n\n\nThe Nigerien authorities are involved in and supportive of the development process for refugee\n[contingency plans led by UNHCR, including the Regional Refugee Response Plan](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2020_Nigeria%20RRRP.pdf) (RRRP) for Nigerian\nrefugees with a specific chapter for Niger which is fully aligned with the Government\u2019s out-of-camp and,\nin addition to emergency needs, provides for interventions in the areas of civil registration, livelihood,\ncomprehensive solutions and education.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe commitments of Niger under international law on refugee issues are explicitly incorporated and\ncodified into national legislation and regulations. Niger is party (without reservations) to the 1951 Convention\nRelating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, as well as the 1969 OAU Convention Governing\nthe Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. Niger enacted [Law No 97-016](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) establishing the Status\n[of Refugees on 20 June 1997 (the Refugee Law) and passed an implementing Decree (No 98-382/PRN/](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/Niger/D\u00e9cret%20No.%2098-382/PRN/MI/AT%20du%201998)\n[MI/AT) on 24 December 1998. The law guarantees refugees access to property ownership, security, courts,](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/Niger/D\u00e9cret%20No.%2098-382/PRN/MI/AT%20du%201998)\nbasic services and freedom of expression and movement without discrimination. Niger is also party to the\n1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and a signatory to ILO Convention No 182 on the Worst Forms\nof Child labour (1999).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThe National Eligibility Commission (CNE) is a collegial body responsible for Refugee Status Determination\n(RSD) that was established under Article 5 of the 1997 Refugee Law and is composed of 17 representatives\nfrom the various Ministries, as well as civil society representatives. UNHCR is a member of the Commission\nwith an observer and advisory role. The functions of CNE were defined in Order 208/MI/AT/SP/CNE of 14\nJuly 2000, while the Order of March 2006 further granted CNE the mandate for refugee registration and\nfirst-instance adjudication of refugee status.\n\n\nUnder [Order No 142/MI/SP/D/AR/DEC-R, all asylum-seekers fleeing the armed conflict in northern Mali are](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/Niger/Arr\u00eat\u00e9%20No%20142/MI/SP/D/AR/DEC-R)\nrecognized as refugees prima facie. They are registered by the Government through a UNHCR-assisted\nprocess. Nigerian refugees hosted in the Maradi region since May 2019, as well as those in the Diffa region\nwho fled the Boko Haram insurgency from 2013 onwards, are also recognized as refugees prima facie\nunder the new [Order No 00571/MISP/D/ACR/SG/DGECM-R of 9 July 2020. This supersedes Order No](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a504a74.html)\n806/MI/SP/D/AC/R/DEC-R of 4 December 2013, which accorded them temporary protection. All other\nasylum-seekers are subject to individual refugee status determination by CNE. In the event that CNE\nrejects an application, an appeal can be lodged with the _[Comit\u00e9 de Recours Gracieux](https://www.refworld.org/country,LEGAL,,DECREEES,NER,,4a1ff8c42,0.html)_ (Informal Appeals\nCommittee \u2013 CRG), established under [Order No 127/MI/D/DEC-R5 of March 2006.](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&docid=4a1ff8c42&skip=0&category=LEGAL&coi=NER&querysi=97-016&searchin=fulltext&sort=date) CRG is made up of\nrepresentatives of three Ministries and one member of civil society.\n\n\nUNHCR has observed a need for capacity building among staff members of CNE and CRG as regards RSD\nprocedural standards to improve the quality of the decisions taken by these two institutions. Both CNE and\nCRG are entirely dependent on UNHCR financial support. Although CNE is staffed by dedicated\ngovernmental officials, it faces severe administrative and technical challenges that mainly translate into\nextended waiting periods in the asylum procedure and the creation of a significant backlog of cases. The\nGovernment is fully aware of these shortfalls and exhibits willingness to work towards addressing them\nwith external support. One of its priorities is to review the legal and operational framework of the national\nasylum procedure, which it pledged to do at the Global Refugee Forum.\n\n\nMost Government policies are available online and can also be found upon request at the relevant\ngovernmental entities. UNHCR, often in cooperation with the Government, disseminates all relevant policy\ninformation to refugees and asylum-seekers through information and sensitization campaigns, individual\ncounselling and refugee community leaders in a bid to increase awareness and understanding.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThere is no restriction on the legal stay of documented refugees and asylum-seekers. Asylum-seekers are\nissued a renewable attestation by the Government confirming their status, valid for three months, as well\nas proof of registration including their personal information and a picture. Refugees receive a renewable\nattestation from the Government confirming their status, valid for one year, and every refugee aged 13 and\nover is to be issued with a refugee ID card that is valid for three years. These various documents can be\nrenewed fairly quickly and easily. There have been reports of some delays in renewal associated with\ntemporary unavailability of the machines producing the documents.\n\n\nThe right to non-refoulement in Niger is enshrined in Article 6 of the Refugee Law. Under Article 7 of the\nRefugee Law, CNE can give its opinion on the potential expulsion of a refugee further to a decision taken\nby a panel of governmental, parliamentary and civil society representatives as per Article 5. A UNHCR\nrepresentative also assists in this decision and has the right to be heard. There have not been any reported\ncases of unlawful termination of refugee status or refoulement for the last year, as at 30 June 2020.\n\n\nClosure of borders due to COVID-19 has had little to no impact in terms of access to the territory by\nrefugees or asylum-seekers, who are still able to arrive and leave by established migration routes.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nMade difficult by the multiplicity of actors and the operational complexities in a country where there are\nseveral overlapping conflicts, emergencies and hazards, the effectiveness of the coordination structures\nis further hampered by the security context, which hinders humanitarian intervention.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nOverall management of refugees is the responsibility of the Ministry of Interior. Given the multi-sectoral\nnature of the out-of-camp strategy, UNHCR works with other Ministries including Humanitarian Affairs and\nDisaster Management, Urban Planning, Justice, Education, Health, Hydraulics, Planning, etc. However, the\ndivision of responsibilities between the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Humanitarian Action,\nwhich is in charge of the management of IDPs, has resulted in some operational coordination and strategic\nchallenges in mixed and secondary movement situations, notably in Diffa, Tillabery and Tahoua. On a dayto-day basis, the governmental action that includes refugee affairs, is broadly coordinated by the Prime\nMinister, Head of the Government.\n\n\nOrder No 0699/MI/SP/D/ACR of 21 November 2016 on the organization of the services of the Ministry of\nInterior assigns the coordination of external partners and CNE activities to the Director-General of Civil\nStatus Migration and Refugees (DRECRM). DRECRM faces operational constraints due to limited staffing\ncapacity.\n\n\nAt the sub-national level, the Regional Directorates of Civil Status, Migration and Refugees oversee\nresponse coordination in support of the Governors through coordination committees, adjusting their\nduties and functions according to the specificities of each region, including the roles played by local\nauthorities in response to refugee inflows the existence of sectoral coordination mechanisms prior to the\narrival of refugees and the mixed nature of the displacement situation. In Niamey, the multisectoral working\ngroup for refugees led by UNHCR fulfils this role in conjunction with other working groups.\n\n\nIn addition to these coordination mechanisms, there are Regional Committees for the management of\ndisplaced persons which are placed under the leadership of the Governorates and which cover the overall\nresponse to refugees and IDPs in areas of mixed displacements. They are made up of Regional Technical\nDirectors, Prefects, the President of the Regional Council and humanitarian actors. These committees\nmeet monthly under the leadership of the Governors and with two co-leads: the Regional Directorate of\nCivil Status/Migration and Refugees, and the Representative of the Ministry of Humanitarian Action. These\ncommittees are supported by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\n(OCHA) and UNHCR.\n\n\nSince September 2017, a government-led decentralization process has resulted in increased responsibility\nand autonomy for Regional Councils and municipalities in four key sectors: education, health, environment\nand water/sanitation. Regional sectoral working groups are led by the concerned regional technical\ndirectorates with the support of humanitarian actors.\n\n\nThe Government largely relies on UNHCR refugee data for its data collection and management process,\nhaving notably access to UNHCR electronic registration system for asylum-seekers. Overall refugee data\nis not part of the national database; however, refugees are increasingly becoming part of Government\nsurveys conducted in Niger. In 2018, refugees were included in the national poverty exercise led by the\nGovernment\u2019s National Institute of Statistics and the World Bank. The resulting data, which is still being\nprocessed for publication, offers a rich comparative analysis of refugees and their hosts. Refugee data is\nalso taken into account through the national health information system (Syst\u00e8me National d\u2019information\nSanitaire \u2013 SNIS), which aligns with the Health Ministry\u2019s national policy on health information management\nand provides reliable quality information to decision-makers, health officials and partners. Refugee\npopulations are also fully integrated into the Government\u2019s COVID-19 pandemic response plan.\n\n\nAt the various levels of governance, there is no formal process through which refugees are consulted\nregarding decisions that affect them. While there are refugee committees in Niger, including in Niamey,\ntheir mandate is limited to assuring the quality of services towards refugees rather than following up on\ndecision-making processes. Such consultations instead take place through informal interactions with the\nchiefs of villages and townships and through the same channels of communication used between Niger\nnationals and the local authorities.\n\n\nFocus group and individual discussions regularly take place under the purview of UNHCR, the Government\nand partners with members of the refugee community on a variety of issues, including the impacts of\nspecific interventions or programmes or the implementation of a new policy, with the aim of collecting the\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR refugee data", - "confidence": 0.9387326836585999, - "start": 466, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data collection and management process", - "confidence": 0.7184434533119202, - "start": 471, - "end": 476 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5454021096229553, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6052951216697693, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national poverty exercise", - "confidence": 0.6867761015892029, - "start": 521, - "end": 524 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.6649500727653503, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8132914304733276, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7789788842201233, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nfeedback of a fair representation of the refugees taking into account age, gender, diversity and special\nneeds. Such feedback is passed on to departmental and regional authorities to inform the design and\nimplementation of future programmes and activities.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nArticle 10 of Decree 98-382/PRN/MI/AT provides refugees with the right to documentation, notably in the\nform of a refugee identity card and a travel document ( _titre de voyage_ ).\n\n\nThe individual refugee ID card allows beneficiaries to enjoy freedom of movement and to access various\nfacilities and services such as school enrolment, access to health services, subscriptions to mobile phone\nSIM cards, bank accounts, financial transactions, etc. These refugee ID cards are produced by UNHCR but\nformally issued to refugees by the Government, which registers the issuance in its own database.\n\n\nRefugee households are also issued with a refugee attestation, which lists all members of a refugee\nhousehold and includes their photographs and biographical data. These are issued jointly by the\nGovernment and UNHCR. There is no difference between a refugee attestation and a refugee ID card in\nterms of access to services.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers are issued by the Government with an attestation confirming their legal status and bearing\na governmental stamp, as well as a proof of registration document that lists each family member individually\nwith a photograph and personal data. While both of these documents are issued by the Government, only\nthe attestation can be used to access basic services.\n\n\nDocumentation issued for vital events in Niger is governed by [Law 2019-29](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f2eca0.html) of 1 July 2019 on civil status in\nNiger and Law 2007-30 of 3 December establishing the civil registry. The civil registration process is\noverseen by the Ministry of Interior, Public Security, Decentralization, Migration and Religious and\nCustomary Affairs and the Directorate General of Civil Status and Refugees (DGEC-MR). It is, however, a\ndecentralized process with primary, secondary and declaration centres based on the size of the population\n[in the area concerned (Article 11 of Law 2019-29). Secondary centres are most common in tribal and rural](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f2eca0.html)\nareas. Refugees and asylum-seekers in Niger are governed by these laws as regards vital events affecting\nthem and have equal access to the civil registration centres on a par with nationals.\n\n\n[Article 30 of Law 2019-29 creates a legal obligation for adults to register births, deaths and marriages.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f2eca0.html)\nThere is no fee for such registrations. In the government-established civil registration centres and in the\nsecondary centres of groups of villages or tribes, any declaration must be made within 60 days of the\nevent (Article 37 of [Law 2019-29). Births and deaths occurring in health facilities must be declared](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f2eca0.html)\nimmediately or at the latest within 10 days (Article 42 of Law 2007-30). However, the timely issuance of\nbirth certificates in rural areas and to a lesser extent in urban settings is hampered, inter alia, by home\nbirths, delayed declarations and tardiness in transcribing the records into the civil registers. A 2015\nresearch study revealed that up to 82 per cent of the entire population in the Diffa region, including the\nmajority of displaced persons, were undocumented.\n\n\nThe level of civil registration in Niger remains very low, both for nationals and for refugees. In order to\ntackle this issue, the Government conducted a countrywide registration campaign in 2017\u20132018 with the\naim of collecting biometric data and issuing refugee ID cards to all refugees hosted in Niger. Beyond the\nprevention of statelessness, this exercise was critical to inform effective assistance programmes for\nrefugees.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThe level of the security threat in certain regions is high and affects refugees and nationals equally. Nonstate armed groups perpetrate direct attacks on refugees, as exemplified by the attack on the _Zones_\n_d\u2019Accueil des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (ZARs)_ in Intikane on 30 May 2020, causing deaths, destruction and population\nmovements including forced returns. Forced secondary displacements as a result of such attacks are\nexpected to continue. In some instances, armed groups have launched attacks on the local populations in\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee attestation", - "confidence": 0.615355372428894, - "start": 180, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Government", - "confidence": 0.510334312915802, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7707287073135376, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "countrywide registration campaign", - "confidence": 0.6325424909591675, - "start": 642, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "biometric data", - "confidence": 0.6199502944946289, - "start": 654, - "end": 656 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9401186108589172, - "start": 619, - "end": 620 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017\u20132018", - "confidence": 0.9924871921539307, - "start": 646, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5409347414970398, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nrefugee-hosting areas, and attacks on civilians by non-state armed groups in north-eastern Nigeria also\nat times spill over into neighbouring areas in Niger. This widespread insecurity affects the ability of the\nGovernment\u2019s administration and humanitarian actors to operate in certain zones, particularly in border\nareas.\n\n\nThe Government has put in place preventive and security measures to ensure the civilian nature of refugee\ncamps. These have included screening mechanisms for new arrivals implemented by the Director-General\nof Civil Status, Migration and Refugees (DRECMR) of the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization and law\nenforcement authorities, as well as relocating refugee camps to safer areas when required.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers have the right to access law enforcement and judicial process under the\nsame conditions as Nigerien nationals and other non-nationals. As such, they have access to the two\nexisting systems: the formal court system and the customary courts and traditional mediation mechanisms.\nHowever, in practice, access to the formal judicial system is constrained by the lack of financial means as\nwell as the limited geographical coverage in remote areas. Filing a complaint requires a tax stamp that\nmost refugees and indigent nationals cannot afford.\n\n\n[Article 15 of Law 2011-42 of 14 December 2011 on legal and judiciary aid establishes free legal aid for any](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,NER,609f28494,0.html)\nindigent persons and Article 18 establishes free legal assistance for certain categories of people, such as\npersons with disabilities and certain minors. Refugees and asylum-seekers are not among these categories.\n[The National Association of Legal and Judicial Assistance (ANAJJ), created under Law 2011-42, provides](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,NER,609f28494,0.html)\nlegal aid to refugees with the support of local and international non-governmental organizations.\n\n\nCustomary courts and traditional mediation resolutions are available to refugees, but they do not provide\nthe same level of legal protections as the formal court system. While traditional chiefs may act as mediators\nand counsellors to arbitrate matters of customary law including marriage, inheritance, land and community\ndisputes, they do not have competence in either civil or criminal issues and have no policing or judicial\npowers. Refugees often resort to using the local customary courts and chiefs as they often share the same\nculture and customs as the local nationals, especially in the Diffa and Maradi regions. These systems are\nalso more accessible and less costly.\n\n\nNiger has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the\nConvention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Article 8.2\nof the Constitution provides for the equality of all before the law without any distinction of sex, social\norigin, race, ethnicity or religion and Article 22 provides that the State shall take all measures to fight\nviolence against women and children in public and private life. As per the Nigerien Penal Code, rape is\npunishable by 10 to 30 years in prison, depending on the circumstances and the age of the victim. In 2008,\nNiger issued a National Gender Policy that was revised in August 2017.\n\n\nSexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is an issue of great concern to the Government of Niger, which\n[is committed to fighting against it. The National Strategy for Prevention and Response to SGBV (2017\u2013](http://www.promotionfemme.gouv.ne/uploads/documents/5c7919a97a93f.pdf)\n[2021), which includes refugees, is implemented through various Ministries (Health, Justice, Interior,](http://www.promotionfemme.gouv.ne/uploads/documents/5c7919a97a93f.pdf)\nDefence, Education, Youth and Sports, etc.) and civil society organizations under the leadership of the\nMinistry of Population, Promotion of Women and Child Protection. The latter leads the SGBV working\ngroup, which regularly initiates awareness campaigns targeting at-risk populations including refugees.\nThe multisectoral and multi-partner approach developed by the Government puts the emphasis on\npreventive activities targeting groups at heightened risk of SGBV: engaging with men and boys, supporting\nsafer environments and mitigating the risk factors associated with survival sex.\n\n\nThe risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is widespread among female refugees and asylumseekers due to a lack of male or community support. Identification of persons at risk has improved thanks\nto various sensitization and awareness-raising campaigns by the Government, UNHCR and partners, but\nthe reporting of incidents remains low.\n\n\nIn areas where Government services are available to the population, female refugees have access to and\nroutinely avail themselves of local services without discrimination. In areas in which Government services\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nare not available, survivors of gender-based violence have access to services through UNHCR and its\npartners. As regards justice in such cases, refugees have access via CNE, to which referrals are made by\nUNHCR partners in charge of GBV case management with the consent of the survivor.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nAs per Article 10 of the Refugee Law, documented asylum-seekers and refugees are free to move within\nNigerien territory and choose their place of residence under the same conditions as Nigerien nationals\nand other non-nationals. Detention is not used for migration-related offences. The out-of-camp policy\npromoted by the Government of Niger means that there are no refugee camps in the country except for\nthe one in Sayam Forage. The people in that camp live there for security reasons following several attacks;\nhowever, they are free to move out of the camp and settle elsewhere.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nArticle 9 of the Refugee Law provides that refugees have the same right to exercise salaried or unsalaried\nprofessional activity as nationals of the country that has concluded the most favourable conventions with\nNiger. In practice, refugees originating from ECOWAS countries have the same rights as Nigerien nationals\nregarding access to the labour market and to financial and business development services. Refugees coming\nfrom non-ECOWAS countries are considered to be foreigners and their access to work is regulated by any\nagreements that Niger might have concluded with those countries. However, a 2018 ILO-UNHCR market\nsystems analysis revealed that in practice, few refugees are aware of their rights and that host community\nemployers tend to ignore the regulations and preferentially hire nationals. Asylum-seekers do not formally\nhave the right to work, but are in practice able to work in the informal sector as it is largely unregulated.\n\n\nArticle 9 also ensures that working refugees enjoy the same salary and protection as nationals for a given\njob (ECOWAS refugees) or as foreigners (non-ECOWAS refugees). Refugees are not allowed to work in the\npublic sector, which is reserved for Nigerien nationals.\n\n\nThere is no need for refugees to obtain a work permit prior to employment. Work contracts are validated\nby the National Agency for Employment in Niger (ANPE), a structure under the Ministry of Employment.\nRefugees have access to the employment card issued by ANPE in the same way as Nigeriens.\n\n\nAgriculture and artisanal trade dominate the labour market in the country and most workers, including\nnationals, are in vulnerable jobs in the informal sector.\n\n\nChild labour is of major concern for all populations in Niger and food insecurity pushes many children into\nworking at an early age. The Government of Niger has adopted a decree that increases the minimum age\nfor hazardous work to 18 and has expanded the number of dangerous occupations that are prohibited for\nall children. The current 2017\u20132021 Plan for Social and Economic Development includes activities to\nimprove access to education for vulnerable populations, especially migrant children, and to combat child\nstreet work. This Plan includes refugee children. However, children in Niger continue to be engaged in\ndangerous forms of child labour, including in the mining and agriculture sectors. Gaps in enforcement of\nexisting labour laws and regulations have left children unprotected from the worst forms of child labour.\n\n\nStatistics for refugees working in the private and informal sectors in Niger are difficult to find. UNHCR\nestimates that 52 per cent of refugees living in urban setting are informally employed, while in rural areas,\n76 per cent of refugees work in the agricultural sector and 18 per cent are employed in other sectors. Only\n10 per cent of refugees in urban settings are employed in the formal sector.\n\n\nRefugees can create and register businesses in their own name. There is no directly applicable law\ngranting them this right, but the non-discrimination clause of Law 97-016 indirectly applies. In practice,\nrefugees can register their business in their own name through the Maison d\u2019Entreprise in the same\nmanner as nationals. Refugees with recognized diplomas can practise a liberal profession.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nNo laws restrict land, housing and property rights for refugees. Ensuring legal access to land for housing\nfor refugees is one of the commitments made by the Government of Niger at the Global Refugee Forum in\nDecember 2019.\n\n\nThe General Code of Local Authorities ( _[Code G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Collectivit\u00e9s Territoriales](http://decentralisation-niger.org/images/docs/code_general_ct_niger_2011.pdf)_ - CGCT) attributes\ncompetence in the area of urban planning and housing to the _Communes_ (town or village). In the major\nsites and municipal capitals, Government authorities have been implementing urban setting settlement\nprogrammes for refugees through the _Communes_ since 2015. In these settlements, \u2018social parcels\u2019 of land\n(between 200 m [2] and 400 m [2] to enable accommodation of livestock) are allocated to refugees as well as\nto vulnerable host community members. Each household benefiting from a social parcel receives a land\ntransfer deed from the municipality offering land ownership that may be time-limited or indefinite. A total\nof 11 municipalities (7 in the Diffa region, 3 in the Tillabery region and 1 in the Tahoua region) benefit from\nthis policy, and nearly 3,200 social housing units have been built by UNHCR and its partners on the social\nparcels in these three regions. Despite financial and technical limitations, the Communes discharge these\nfunctions in the development of urban settlements with the support of UNHCR and the regional urban and\nrural planning directorates (Directions R\u00e9gionales de l\u2019Urbanisme et du G\u00e9nie Rural).\n\n\nElsewhere in the country, refugees are able to purchase land and houses in the same way as nationals. In\npractice, they face considerable difficulties in doing so because they generally do not have sufficient\ncapital for such a purchase. Instead, refugees\u2019 access to land for agricultural activities is generally\nnegotiated by the community and the chiefdom by way of lending mechanisms. In terms of rain-fed\nagriculture, the challenge lies primarily in finding available land in the context of demographic pressure.\nAccess to land for off-season agricultural activities such as market gardening is constrained by insecurity\naround the fertile areas and the financial resources necessary to properly develop land.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nUnder Article 10 of Refugee Law 97-016, as well as in practice, refugees can access financial services.\nThey can open bank accounts in the same way as nationals, although very few exercise this right due to\npoor economic conditions. A valid identification document is required to open a bank account in Niger and\nthe refugee ID cards issued by the Government fulfil this requirement.\n\n\nMost refugees have not yet had opportunities to access financial services due to lack of information. In\naddition, unequal societal norms and gender discrimination are additional obstacles for women seeking\naccess to financing opportunities such as holding bank accounts and managing mobile money.\n\n\nThe inclusion of refugees in mobile money programmes is not formally regulated; however, with UNHCR\nshifting from in-kind assistance to cash transfers, mainly by mobile money, since 2013, mobile financial\ntransactions are currently widespread among refugees. Refugees and asylum-seekers can acquire SIM\ncards using their identification documents.\n\n\nDriver\u2019s licences issued outside Niger can be recognized by the Ministry of Transport on a case-by-case\nbasis. Refugees holding diplomas issued in their country of origin or in a third country can apply to have\nthem recognized at the Equivalence Department (Service des Equivalents) of any of the universities in\nNiger. In addition, refugees in Niger are fully able to acquire a national driver\u2019s licence.\n\n\nThere are no Government policies in place to provide refugees in Niger with skills development services.\nHowever, there are numerous initiatives of this nature in Niamey and across the country run by civil society\norganizations, development actors and humanitarian organizations, as the key to economic and social\ninclusion. Refugees have access to these initiatives like the host population. Various specialized services for\nrefugees such as accelerated education, language training, remedial learning programmes, catch-up\nprogrammes, psychosocial support, and specialized education are available through humanitarian and\ndevelopment projects, but are not directly run by the Government and are not based on specific policies.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nArticle 10 of the Refugee Law enables refugee children and youth to access education in a similar manner\nto nationals. In practice, asylum-seekers and refugees have free access to primary education in state\nschools. It should be noted that, although Niger committed in 2016 to providing free and compulsory\neducation for all children aged 4 to 18 in formal, non-formal and vocational systems, compulsory education\nfor children in this age group is not enforced. This applies equally to refugee children. In 2017, the United\nNations Education Index placed Niger last among 189 countries in terms of the actual years of school\nattendance by the population compared to the average expected years of school attendance. According\nto United Nations statistics for 2018 relating to boys and girls living in Niger, which includes refugee\nchildren, the average Nigerien boy only spends 2.6 years in school and the average girl 1.5 years.\n\n\nThe Government has been integrating refugee children into national education programmes since March\n2012. In the Tillaberi and Tahoua regions, Malian refugee children are fully integrated into the Nigerien\ncurriculum and the Ministry of Education works to ensure the availability of teachers in the hosting schools.\nThis strategy focuses on upgrading semi-permanent school infrastructure and building new classrooms,\nhousing for teachers and latrines. Efforts are underway to further integrate refugee children into the\nnational education system, with an emphasis on access, quality education and girls\u2019 attendance.\n\n\nEnrolment rates among refugee children overall are low (30 per cent ) compared to nationals (69 per cent),\nmainly due to the volatile security situation in their areas of residence, high mobility, language barriers\n(specifically in the case of Nigerian and Sudanese refugee children), and social and cultural norms that do\nnot value formal education. This is especially true for girls, nationals and refugees alike, whose access to\neducation is severely challenged by such norms and practices including early marriage and the social role\nassigned to girls from an early age.The enrolment rates for refugee children range from 17 to 25 per cent\nin rural areas, while in Niamey 56 per cent of refugee children are enrolled.\n\n\nOverall, access to quality education by refugees in Niger is also hampered by insufficient classrooms and\nlatrines, a lack of teachers and education materials, gaps in teacher training to meet the specific educational\nneeds of refugees and limited availability of alternative education programmes for overaged or out-ofschool children. Along the Malian border, many schools have been closed for lengthy periods of time\nbecause of the insecurity and others are at times occupied by national security forces involved in counterterrorism operations. Many refugee and host community children are therefore deprived of education.\n\n\nHowever, schools are being built and rehabilitated in refugee-hosting areas as part of the Refugees and\nHost Communities Support Project (PARCA) supported by the World Bank. The Niger Learning Improvement\nfor Results in Education Project (LIRE), also supported by the World bank, focuses on strengthening\neducation planning and management as well as improving the quality of teaching and learning conditions\nin selected regions, supporting the special educational needs of refugees and host communities.\n\n\nAt national level, specialized services (such as accessible learning services, accelerated education,\nlanguage training, remedial learning programmes, catch-up programmes, psychosocial support,\nspecialized education, etc.) are limited, but refugee children and youth have the same access to them as\nnationals according to the Refugee Law, the National Literacy and Non-formal Education (AENF) Policy\nfor 2012\u20132015 and Articles 36, 37, 38 and 42 of Law No 98-12 of 1 June 1998 on the orientation of the\nNigerien education system (LOSEN).\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nAs per the Refugee Law, refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy access to primary health care in the same\nway as Nigerien nationals. Primary health care is subsidized by the Government. Access to health services\nis based on the system of cost recovery for services provided and specific targeted free health services.\nThe aim of free health care is to ensure equity in access to care. In this context, the Nigerien government\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "United\nNations Education Index", - "confidence": 0.9455545544624329, - "start": 124, - "end": 128 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United\nNations", - "confidence": 0.8782976865768433, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9805008172988892, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9825729131698608, - "start": 121, - "end": 122 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9240794777870178, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.827486515045166, - "start": 39, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "United Nations statistics", - "confidence": 0.8305445313453674, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United\nNations", - "confidence": 0.8335858583450317, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9590684175491333, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5632287859916687, - "start": 121, - "end": 122 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9913656711578369, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.8761276006698608, - "start": 39, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nhas implemented measures to provide free health care focused on children aged 0 to 5 years, pregnant\nwomen, caesarean sections, gynaecological services and family planning.\n\n\nOverall, health care in Niger suffers from a chronic lack of resources, medicine and supplies and from an\ninsufficient number of health providers for the population: reportedly, close to half of the Nigerien\npopulation do not have access to health care. It can also be expensive and in many instances unaffordable.\nUNHCR and other humanitarian organizations as well as development actors provided support to improve\naccess to health care for refugees, IDPs and host communities in regions where the inflow of forcibly\ndisplaced persons put additional pressure on already poor infrastructure, including through the\nconstruction and rehabilitation of health centres.\n\n\nBy virtue of an agreement between UNHCR and the Ministry of Health on health assistance funded by\nUNHCR and its partners, refugees and host populations will continue to access health services free of\ncharge until 31 December 2022. This implies that, at all levels of the public health structures, refugees will\ncontinue to have access to services within the framework of medical referrals under the same conditions\nas nationals, on the basis of the cost recovery system for children over 5 years of age and for adults in\naccordance with the national health policy. In Niamey, the UNHCR-led _Guichet Unique_ (one-stop shop)\nprovides free primary health-care services for urban refugees through a partnership with _Action Pour le_\n_Bien Etre,_ a Nigerien NGO, as well as reimbursements for services that refugees have sought at public\nhospitals. Similar partnerships exist in other urban centres to alleviate the burden on the national public\nhealth system. With the gradual social and economic empowerment of refugees and the ongoing\nstrengthening of the capacity and resilience of the Nigerien health system, it is expected that the refugees\nwill cover their own medical expenditure from January 2023 onwards. In refugee settings and villages of\nopportunity, primary health care is provided to refugees at first-level health facilities managed by\nhumanitarian organizations.\n\n\nRefugee women and girls have access to sexual and reproductive health services in the same manner as\nNigeriens. The free sexual and reproductive health services available to Nigerien women are equally\naccessible to refugee women, however the actual costs of these services are sponsored through financial\nsupport provided to the service delivery entity by UNHCR and its partners. Despite the steady decline in\nmaternal and infant mortality in Niger, the mortality rates remain an issue of concern due to the inaccessibility\nof health facilities in rural areas and the prevalence of malnutrition in all regions of the country. As part of\nthe process of integrating health services for refugees into the national health system, the Government\naims to improve access to maternal and child care, reproductive and HIV health services, as a priority,\nthrough a national strategy that includes refugees.\n\n\nSince the beginning of the COVID-19 emergency, the Government has reinforced a communication\ncampaign on the risks of the pandemic and prevention measures, notably through the use of communitybased radios. The Government has developed a comprehensive preparedness and response plan that\ntakes into account areas hosting refugees and fully integrates refugees and host communities.\n\n\nWith respect to national public health insurance systems, refugees can benefit from the same services of\nnationals.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe Niger National Social Protection Policy, which also applies to refugees, was adopted in 2011 and a\nnational social protection forum was held in 2013 to operationalize the policy and promote its ownership by\nkey domestic stakeholders as well as development partners. Refugees in principle have access to social\nprotection systems under this policy on the same basis as nationals under Law 97-016. The Ministry of\nEmployment, Work and Social Protection is responsible for the social protection sector and implementation\nof the policy. The policy\u2019s strategic vision is to move from one-off emergency aid to a permanent system of\nsocial safety nets that build resilience and contribute to poverty reduction in the long term. However, social\nprotection has been limited in the face of rising security threats, climate variability, forced displacement and\nthe prevailing poverty traps that have absorbed major parts of the national budget.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nThe Nigerien social security scheme for salaried workers consists of three components: family benefits (in\ncharge of maternity benefits), workplace accidents and occupational diseases, and pensions (invalidity, old\nage and death). Self-employed workers are not covered by the social security scheme but can voluntarily join\nthe pension protection and workplace accident components. The National Social Security Fund (CNSS)\nmanages the scheme under the supervision of the Ministry of Employment, Labour and Social Security.\n\n\nIn addition, the social safety nets are used as short-term instruments to help the poor cope with economic\nshocks as well as medium/long-term poverty alleviation. Over time, the safety net programmes have\nstrengthened and multi-year cash transfer programmes have also been developed and supported by\npartners such as the World Bank, including through complementary projects. The Adaptive Social Safety\nNets Project supported by the World Bank complements the interventions of PARCA in the Diffa, Tahoua and\nTillaberi regions, with 60,000 persons having access to income-generating opportunities. In parallel, UNHCR\nprovides specific cash assistance on a case-by-case basis to the most vulnerable refugees, such as those\nwith chronic illnesses or disabilities and older persons who are not supported by family members. Overall,\nthe Government of Niger is working with international partners to align aid and social protection policies in\na variety of ways, given that the Nigerien safety programmes are not coordinated as part of a coherent\nsystem. Most programmes carry out similar processes to reach out, collect information and assess potential\neligible beneficiaries and then to decide on their enrolment in a specific programme. Parallel efforts to\nassess eligibility through different target mechanisms consume scarce public resources and contribute to\nduplication and gaps in coverage, reducing the effectiveness of social protection spending. The DNPGCA\nhas been leading a consultation process for the development of a Unified Social Registry (USR) for the Safety\nNets programme. Efforts to integrate platforms, such as social registries, interoperable management\ninformation systems, and shared payment systems can create administrative cost savings and facilitate\nplanning and coordination. The March 2019 World Bank Public Expenditure Review of the Social Protection\nSystem in Niger pointed out that information on social protection programmes, expenditures and coverage,\neven for recent years, is a major constraint for the development of suitable policies. An information system\nthat could gather and update all relevant information should be part of the long-term vision in Niger.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nArticle 10 of the Refugee Law provides access to public services, including health and psychosocial care, for\nunaccompanied and separated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking in persons, survivors of sexual\nand gender-based violence (SGBV) and other refugee groups with specific needs, in the same way as nationals.\nIn practice, this is feasible to the extent that these specialized services exist in the locations where the refugees\nreside and are able to offer meaningful support. Children under 5 years old are exempt from payment for public\nservices. Refugee women and girl survivors of SGBV can access the national referral and related services. In\npractice, they are often assisted by UNHCR and its partners through public structures where these are available.\n\n\nNiger passed [Law 36 relating to the illicit trafficking of migrants in May 2015. It applies to anyone including](https://www.refworld.org/docid/60a505e24.html)\nrefugees and asylum-seekers and provides for protection and assistance measures for these victims,\nincluding medical care, protection against violence, adequate assistance in case the safety of the migrant\nis at stake and the right to initiate legal action. In practice, there is no specific referral mechanism to take\ncare of victims of trafficking that would provide for a coordinated response among the different services.\nThe law also criminalizes illegal emigration, for example through the use of fraudulent documents in\ncontravention of international refugee law.\n\n\nIn terms of protection and assistance measures for vulnerable children, the normative framework includes:\nOrder No 34/MDS/P/PF of 5 November 1993 creating a reception centre for children with family difficulties:\nabandoned children; Law 2014\u201372 of 20 November 2014 determining the competences, attributions, and\nfunctioning of juvenile courts in Niger; Order No 000027/MPF/PE/SG/DL of 11 May 2017 on the creation,\nattributions, organization and operation of social centres for the protection of children; and Decree 2019\u2013\n369 of 19 July 2019 on the creation, attributions, organization, composition and functioning of child\nprotection committees from national to village level. However, it is important to point out that despite the\nexistence of this framework, there are shortcomings in implementation given the insufficiency of resources\nin the reception centres.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nIn Niger, all stakeholders are making efforts to support and expand women\u2019s socioeconomic participation\nin both refugee and host communities. The most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of gender\nfor the socioeconomic development of refugees and host communities are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Access to education** - low enrolment rate into the school system of refugee girls.\n\n\nii. **Right to work and rights at work** - specific difficulties of women in accessing employment.\n\n\niii. **Financial and administrative services** . Obstacles/limitations for women seeking access to financing\nopportunities (microfinance and other financial services).\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of social inclusion for the socioeconomic\ndevelopment of refugees and host communities are as follows:\n\n\ni. **Education** - lower rate of literacy and enrolment of refugee children.\n\n\nii. **Health** - cost recovery scheme applied to refugee children over 5 years old and other services.\n\n\niii. **Protection of vulnerable persons**, including on facilitating access to reception centres for\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984] \u2022 [Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1962]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979][1] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989] \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951][ (][R][atification date: 25 Aug 1961)] \u2022 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (the ILO Social Security Convention), 195] [2] [2] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2006] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 2(d) and (f) (State Party\u2019s duties to eliminate formal discrimination against women); Article 5(a) (State Party\u2019s duties to\neliminate cultural and social discrimination); Article 15(4) (equality in movement); Article 16(1)(c), (e) and (g) (discrimination in\nmarriage); and Article 29(1) (dispute resolution among States Parties).\n2 Part I (general provisions); Part II (medical care); Part III (sickness benefits); Part IV (unemployment benefits); VIII (maternity\nbenefits), IX (invalidity benefits); Part X (survivor\u2019s benefits); Part XI (standards to be complied with by periodical payments); Part\nXII (equality of treatment of non-national residents); Part XIII (common provisions); Part XIV (miscellaneous provisions); Part XV\n(final provisions).\n\n\n16 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/814d7cb5-291f-3adb-af34-e4118536d893/Niger%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_501/raw/doc_501_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_501/raw/doc_501_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 246d3062ff5ef27d268ab77f6681762cea0a1b9d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_501/raw/doc_501_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2023)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nOn 18 June 2022, the Government of Niger approved its Plan de D\u00e9veloppement \u00c9conomique et Social\n(PDES) for 2022-2026, which constitutes the second five-year implementation of Niger\u2019sSustainable\nDevelopment and Inclusive Growth Strategy 2035. This Plan is structured around three strategic axes: (a)\nthe development of human capital, inclusion and solidarity; (b) the consolidation of governance, peace\nand solidarity; and (c) the structural transformation of the economy. The Plan incorporated actions to\nstrengthen migration management through three key axes: (i) tapping into opportunities linked to migration,\n(ii) protection and assistance to migrants, refugees, and host communities, and (iii) management of migratory\nflows. However, the focus is more on strengthening the management of migrants.\n\n\nThe Government of Niger has continuously supported vulnerable households across the country, many of\nwhich are in refugee-hosting areas. Owing to its inclusive policy toward refugees, Niger has been supporting\nthe targeting of vulnerable households across the main population groups (refugees and asylum-seekers,\nIDPs and hosts).\n\n\nFurthermore, in October 2021, the Government approved the Food Crisis Prevention and Management\nStrategy 2021-2025, along with its action plan and institutional reform roadmap. This strategy serves as the\nprimary planning and programming tool to assist vulnerable populations in Niger who are affected by food\nshortages, pastoral challenges and other disasters.\n\n\nThe National Food Crisis Prevention and Management System recognizes that each economic crisis\nincreases Niger\u2019s population\u2019s structural vulnerability. This leads to a loss of assets and decreased household\nproductivity and purchasing power. The most affected are the poorest, especially those in refugee hosting\nareas. The aim is to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to avoid hindering development. This\nsystem aligns with the Government\u2019s \u201cNigeriens Nourish Nigeriens\u201d initiative, assisting around 3 million\nnationals in 2022, with substantial support from WFP.\n\n\nOver the past five years (2018-2023), the Government\u2019s PARCA (Projet d\u2019Appui aux Refugi\u00e9s et aux\nCommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019Accueil) project, funded by the World Bank, supported host communities and refugees. As\nof 29 May 2023, the latest Implementation Support Report (ISR #11) revealed that the project has disbursed\n90.6 per cent of its grant budget and 81 per cent of its credit budget, benefiting a total of 1.12 million individuals.\nAmong the 868,559 targeted persons who gained access to basic services through 312 community\ninfrastructures, 217,892 were refugees (including 290,977 women and 195,794 youth). Additionally, 72,698\nbeneficiaries, including 25,706 refugees, accessed income-generating activities through USD200 cash\ntransfers and training. So far, three out of four Project Development Objective indicators and nine out of 14\nIntermediate Results Indicators have been achieved. Despite it being a successful project under the IDA\nrefugee sub-window, the World Bank has not renewed the PARCA project. While the project reached the\nbeneficiaries it targeted, only a limited portion of the refugee population and of the hosting areas were\nimpacted by their presence.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe strong cultural tradition of host communities welcoming visitors including refugees, migrant pastoralists\nand others has continued to foster social cohesion in Niger. The customary governance mechanisms, led by\nlocal elders and representatives of the main communities, continue to be effective in preventing or resolving\nmost tensions. This governance structure has demonstrated resilience and effectiveness, even when local\npopulations face challenges such as conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, climate-related events and\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\ninsecurity associated with non-state armed groups. Despite the growing pressure on host communities\ndue to increasing population movements, including refugees and IDPs, these communities have displayed\na remarkable ability to navigate these challenges and maintain social cohesion. However, the sustainability\nof this situation remains uncertain, especially considering tensions between pastoralists and farmers, some\nof whom are perceived as supporting non-state armed groups.\n\n\nSince 2020, social cohesion has been further supported by various development projects funded by\ndonors and implemented in areas hosting refugees. During the reporting period, the High Authority for the\nConsolidation of Peace (HACP) has continued to promote peace and dialogue among various community\ngroups in Niger. These efforts have been relayed through multiple regional entities and focused on conflict\nprevention, resolution, and the advancement of peace and national unity. Similarly, the Peacebuilding\nFund (PBF) engaged youth and women in conflict prevention and peaceful resolution mechanisms in Diffa.\nYet, despite these initiatives, the HACP has implemented few social cohesion projects in regions hosting\nrefugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities.\n\n\nWhile all actions are not always stated in official policy, the Government of Niger has continued to actively\naddress tensions and closely monitor developments to support populations fleeing violence and to offer\navenues for safe returns. In Ayorou (Tillaberi region), where violence and subsequent fears of attacks have\ncontinued to cause forced displacements in 2023, the Government responded swiftly. They dispatched\na ministerial delegation and troops to stabilize the area, provided mediation between groups and supported\nthe safe return of forcibly displaced to villages of origin. In May 2023, a ministerial delegation, including the\nMinister of Interior, the Minister for Humanitarian Action and the President of the High Authority for Peaceconsolidation, visited Ayorou to assess the humanitarian situation and discuss conditions for returning\ndisplaced persons. This proactive approach demonstrates the Government\u2019s commitment to swiftly address\npopulation movements and tensions, providing a security umbrella to mediate between groups and prevent\nfurther destabilization in fragile areas.\n\n\nSimilarly, the January 2023 peace agreement in Banibangou (Tillaberi) provides an example of resolution\nof a long-standing conflict between communities over natural resources. It involves community and\nreligious leaders, women\u2019s and youth representatives, self-defense groups and the Banibangou Peace\nCommittee. The agreement calls for an end to livestock abductions, the return of lost or wandering animals\nto their owners, and recognition of the rights, customs and traditions of each community. Despite such\nan agreement, high demographic growth, dwindling natural resources and grazing areas, climate-induced\nevents and widespread poverty stress the social construct and increase the risk that communities may not\nfind agreements to mend tensions and to maintain peaceful coexistence. The Government is cognizant of\nthis trend and seeks development support to provide education, alternative livelihoods, and more services\nto its populations.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, there has not been significant changes in the national legal framework on\nenvironmental management. Niger continued to place importance on environmental protection included\nin several strategic plans and policies. This includes the adoption of the Strategy and National Plan for\nAdaptation to Climate Change in the Agricultural Sector (2020-2035) that, without mentioning refugees,\nindirectly addresses hosting areas of displaced.\n\n\nNiger continued to be highly focused on adapting to climate change in agriculture, the sector responsible\nfor 89 per cent of the country\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions and the primary livelihood for a vulnerable\npopulation of small-scale family producers. The country\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), based\non the 2015-2029 Strategic Framework for Sustainable Land Management, outlines the expansion of\nsustainable land management practices across all regions.\n\n\nNiger is also signatory to the Paris Agreement and aims to cut emissions 3.5 per cent by 2030 as outlined\nin its NDC. The country is party to key environmental agreements, including the United Nations Framework\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Convention on Biological Diversity and Convention to Combat\nDesertification. Niger actively participates in initiatives like SDG 15.3, the Bonn Challenge, Great Green Wall\nfor the Sahara and Sahel Initiative, and the African Land Restoration Initiative, targeting one million hectares\nof land restoration by 2030. The Climate Investment Plan for the Sahel Region (ICP-SR 2018-2030), led by\nNiger, aligns with its strategy.\n\n\nAs part of the 2019 Global Refugee Forum (GRF) pledge to provide access to land, the Government supported\nthe building of eco-friendly houses in favor of refugees, IDPs and host communities with support from GIZ\n(German Cooperation), the EU and UNHCR. To date, a total of 3,083 houses have been built for refugees\nusing Interlocking Stabilized Soil Bricks (ISSB) technology in the Tillaberi, Diffa and Maradi regions out of\na total of nearly 7,000 houses built across these regions for refugees, IDPs and host communities. The ISSB\nHydraform houses provide ecological shelters that meet the needs of adequate housing and are a tailored\nsolution to climate shocks, including floods and violent winds. As mentioned, 3,083 such houses have been\nbuilt for refugees and 1,385 additional houses in traditional banco (clay) also specifically for refugees.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nNiger still does not have a national preparedness framework specific to refugees or displaced populations\nmore generally considering that refugee and asylum seeker inflows are on-going at a relatively mild yet\ncontinuous pace.\n\n\nGovernment risk and crisis prevention entities continue to operate under the Department of Risk and Disaster\nPrevention within the Ministry of Interior, with a specific focus on flood and fire management. Additionally,\nthe National Food Crisis Prevention and Management System (DNPGCA) under the Prime Minister\u2019s Office\ncontinues to handle food nutrition, pastoral crises, and early recovery coordination. Furthermore, the Ministry\nof Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management remains in the lead for humanitarian policy and disaster\nmanagement, including refugee inflows and coordination of the national response.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nOver the past three years, the national refugee legal framework has remained unchanged. The [Law No 97-](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\n[016](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) [establishing the Status of Refugee on 20 June 1997 and its implementing Decree No 98-382/PRN/MI/](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/1998/fr/65784?prevDestination=search)\n[AT of 24 December 1998 continue to guarantee the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers and governing](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/1998/fr/65784?prevDestination=search)\nthe institutional arrangement for the national asylum procedure.\n\n\nThe application of the above national refugee framework has continued to remain largely consistent with\ninternational refugee protection standards providing essential protection for refugees and asylum-seekers\nand supporting their socio-economic inclusion into national systems.\n\n\nThe Nigerien authorities, particularly the Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019\u00c9tat Civil, de la Migration et des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(DGECMR) of the Ministry of Interior (MoI) and its regional Directorates, as well as State departments from\nother sector Ministries, and refugees have continued to keep abreast of the applicable legislation governing\nthe rights of refugees and asylum-seekers in Niger.\n\n\nIn accordance with Article 5 of the [1997 Refugee Law, further complemented by](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) [Order No. 208/MI/AT/SP/CN](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2000/fr/13986?prevDestination=search)\n[dated 14 July 2000, and](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2000/fr/13986?prevDestination=search) [Order No. 127/MI/D/DEC-R5 of 28 March 2006, the National Eligibility Commission](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2006/fr/67793?prevDestination=search)\n(CNE) continues to be responsible for conducting the registration and first-instance asylum case processing\nfor asylum-seekers whose asylum applications are subject to an individualized refugee status determination\n(RSD) procedure.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nOver the past three years, asylum-seekers fleeing the armed conflict in Northern Mali have continued to be\n[recognized as refugees through a prima facie approach, following Law No. 142/MI/SPP/D/AR/DEC-R of 16](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2012/en/115868?prevDestination=search)\n[March 2012. Similarly, Nigerian asylum-seekers fleeing widespread insecurity in some federated states of](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2012/en/115868?prevDestination=search)\nnorthern Nigeria (Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Sokoto, Katsina and Zamfara) have continued to benefit from the\n[PF approach line with Order No. 00571/MISP/D/ACR/SG/DGECM-R](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2020/fr/123770?prevDestination=search) dated 9 July 2020. For these refugee\ngroups, UNHCR has continued to assist the Government with registration and issuance of household\ndocumentation. Discussions are on-going with the Minister of Interior to grant refugee status through a PF\napproach to those fleeing Burkina Faso. All other asylum-seekers have been subject to an individualized\n[asylum procedure through the CNE. If asylum applicants receive a negative decision, the Gracious Appeal](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2006/fr/67793?prevDestination=search)\n[Committee (GRC) continues to adjudicate the cases of those who appeal the CNE\u2019s decisions. The](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2006/fr/67793?prevDestination=search)\ncomposition of both the CNE and the GRC has remained unchanged, with UNHCR as the observer.\n\n\nGaps in the national asylum procedure persisted, resulting in significant waiting periods for asylum-seekers\nto receive the notification of their first-instance decisions, leading to substantial backlogs. The relatively\nslow pace of case processing and the limited number of sessions of the two decision-making bodies, at\nfirst instance and appeal, resulted in delays in the individualized national asylum procedure. From 2019\nto the beginning of 2021, there has been a sharp decline in new asylum-seeker registrations, largely due\nto the limited new registrations in Agadez. Apart from a spike in 2021 in Agadez, new asylum registration\ndeclined again from July 2022 until mid-2023. Despite these trends, the asylum case processing backlog\nhas continued to increase with only 224 first-instance decisions made in 2021 and 252 in 2022, along with\n112 appeal decisions in the latter year.\n\n\nEligibility officers from CNE have received capacity-building sessions, but additional training is needed to\nimprove the skills of both eligibility staff and CNE/CRG members, encompassing RSD interview techniques,\nRSD assessments and alternative case processing to reduce asylum backlogs. Further quality control\nmeasures are essential to ensure consistency in the asylum system\u2019s quality. Moreover, the CNE and\nCRG\u2019s reliance on UNHCR\u2019s budget continue to raise sustainability concerns. To improve identification and\naccess to the asylum system, information sessions on asylum-seeker identification and referral mechanisms\nwere provided to NGO partners and government agents (police, border guards and military).\n\n\nIn line with the [GRF commitment made in December 2019](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOTk0ZjVhM2UtZTQzNC00MzA3LThiYjMtYmNkZjVlN2VkYzhjIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9) to enhance the effectiveness of the national\nasylum procedure, the Government has initiated a reform of the national asylum system. A draft law and\ndecree, developed by the Government and reviewed by a technical committee with inputs from UNHCR,\nFrance, Belgium and the EU Asylum Agency, are expected to be enacted before the December 2023 GRF.\nKey aspects of this legal reform should also prioritize improving asylum case processing to enhance the\nefficiency, fairness, adaptability and integrity of the national asylum procedures.\n\n\nIn addition to various international human rights and refugee treaties, Niger is a party to the ECOWAS\n(Economic Community of West African States) Treaty and Protocols, guaranteeing freedom of movement for\nECOWAS nationals, which is very relevant given that most refugees in Niger are citizens of the Community.\nNiger has also ratified the Kampala Convention and incorporated its standards into [Law 2018-74 in December](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2021/fr/147139?prevDestination=search)\n2018.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers have continued to benefit from predictable legal stay arrangements based\non the documentation issued by the Government equalling an authorization to remain on the territory.\nThose entitled to individual documentation, but who have not yet been issued individual documentation\n(asylum-seeker attestation or refugee ID card) by the CNE, have remained on Nigerien territory using the\nproof of registration (household document) issued by UNHCR with photography and biographical data of all\nmembers of the household.\n\n\nProtection against refoulement for asylum-seekers and refugees continued to be enshrined in Article 6 of\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe [1997 Refugee Law. A similar standard is also included in the draft legislation under discussion.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\n\n\nOver the past three years, there have not been any reported cases of unlawful termination of refugee status\nin Niger.\n\n\nSuccessful policy dialogue has secured access to the territory and asylum procedures for individuals expelled\nfrom Algeria to Niger. However, since 2022, there have been instances of the Nigerien government forcibly\nreturning non-African individuals to Algeria, potentially conflicting with the principle of non-refoulement.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\n[Under the 1997 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) and the Order No. 0699/MI/S/D/ACR on 21 November 2016, the institutional\nresponsibility for the management, protection and assistance of the refugee population in Niger remains\nwith the Ministry of Interior and its Directorate for Civil Registration, Migration and Refugees (DGECMR).\nThe latter is represented in each region through its Direction R\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00c9tat Civil, des migrations et\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s reporting to the governors of the refugee hosting areas. The DGECMR hosts the Commission\nNationale d\u2019Eligibilit\u00e9 (CNE) in charge of the implementation of the individual asylum procedure. While\nDGECMR is assigned with the coordination of external partners and the CNE, it has continued to face\nchallenges due to limited staff capacity.\n\n\nIn practice, the CNE is responsible for implementing the management, protection and assistance of the\nrefugee population in Niger at the central level. Through the Direction R\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00c9tat Civil, des Migrations\net des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, the staff of the CNE continues to manage the refugee populations at the regional level,\noverseeing registration, documentation activities, and coordinating protection and humanitarian assistance,\nespecially for those with prima facie refugee status, such as Malians and Nigerians.\n\n\nIn recognition of the important role of the local authorities, the Government has continued to maintain\nthe Comit\u00e9s R\u00e9gionaux de Coordination for the specific purposes of coordinating assistance to refugees\nin several regions hosting IDPs and refugees. These committees continued to be composed of regional\ntechnical directors, prefects, president of regional councils and humanitarian actors, including from UN\nentities. They met regularly under the leadership of the Governors with two co-chairs from the Regional\nDirectorate of Civil Status, Migration and Refugees, and the Representative from the Ministry of Humanitarian\nAction. Regional Coordination Committees for displaced persons continued to be supported by the Office\nfor the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).\n\n\nOver the past three years, the Government\u2019s institutional framework for refugee management and\ncoordination has continued to face challenges. These primarily stemmed from the involvement of multiple\nstate and subnational actors, limited capacity and resources, and the operational complexity in Niger, which\nincludes addressing emergencies, security issues and climate-related hazards. This complexity has impeded\neffective state-led coordination. At the central level, the involvement of sectoral ministries has predominantly\nremained under the purview of the Ministry of Interior for refugees and the Ministry of Humanitarian Action\nfor IDPs. While the government-led decentralization process has made progress, granting more autonomy\nto Regional Councils and municipalities, particularly in areas such as education, environment, health and\nwater and sanitation, representatives from various ministries have continued to be involved in managing\nand coordinating refugees and other displaced populations in their respective sub national areas where\nrefugees are living. On a positive note, regional sector working groups are now overseen by their respective\nregional technical directorates with the support of humanitarian actors.\n\n\nRefugee consultations in Niger continue to be limited with few mechanisms available to collect refugee\ninputs and feedback on decisions made by government authorities. Refugee committees with elected\nrepresentatives still exist, but their primary role is to assess the quality of services provided to refugees\nin their area of living. Refugees are not involved in formal state decision-making processes related to their\nsituation, except through informal interactions with local authorities in their areas of residence.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nIn parallel, refugees are gradually more included in government-led surveys, including data collection\ninitiatives carried out by the National Institute of Statistics, however, without a specific breakdown of their\nlegal status. Data on refugees and asylum-seekers are being collected as part of the National Health\nInformation System (NHIS) and have been fully incorporated into the COVID government response plan.\nThe situation of refugee and asylum-seeker students is also being increasingly integrated into the National\nEducation Information Management System.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[In line with Article 10 of the 1998 Refugee Decree, refugees of 14 years and above continue to be provided](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/1998/fr/65784?prevDestination=search)\nwith a refugee card valid for three years issued by the Ministry of Interior through the CNE. This is still\nconducted thanks to the material and technical support of UNHCR.\n\n\nRefugees continue to access national public and private services, such as SIM cards and financial services\nas well as the national employment agency (Agence Nationale pour la Promotion de l\u2019Emploi, ANPE), by\npresenting the government-issued individual ID card. Therefore, refugees who have not yet been issued\nthe refugee identity cards face issues to access such services. Key to note is that for nationals, the national\nIdentity cards are issued by the police and are valid for a five-year period.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers continued to be issued with a temporary attestation by the CNE confirming their legal status\nwhile awaiting a decision on their application. The document has a limited validity of three months and is\nrenewable. The attestation only contains information on the principal applicants while the family members\nare recorded in the file at the CNE.\n\n\nRefugees also continue to be issued with an official refugee certificate which is, in principle, issued at the\nsame time as the refugee identity card The certificate lists all members of the household with photographs\nand biographical data. The certificate is valid for one year renewable and is issued jointly by the CNE and\nUNHCR.\n\n\nThe presentation of the refugee certificate and refugee identity card enables refugees to access national\npublic services. Recognized refugees can use their refugee certificate for accessing most services but, for\nother national public and private services, they need to present their refugee identity cards issued by CNE.\nThis is the case to open a bank account, enrol undertake some formalities with the ANPE and Services\nd\u2019\u00c9quivalence des Dipl\u00f4mes. The Asylum-seeker attestation allows access to some national services only.\n\n\nOver the past three years, there has been a significant increase of refugees issued with individual refugee\nidentity cards by CNE. In 2020, 117,775 refugees of 14 and above were issued with a refugee ID cards while,\nfor the first half of 2023, 131,347 refugees received ID cards. In mid-2023 and cumulative for the three years,\n56 per cent of refugees eligible for ID cards have been issued with such an individual document. There\nremains an important gap to ensure that each refugee of 14 years and above receives the Government\nindividual documentation.\n\n\nThose who have not yet received the refugee identity card continue to use the official refugee certificate\nissued at household level, which serves by default as proving their refugee status and identity in Niger. As\nof June 2023, all registered refugee households have received such a refugee certificate.\n\n\nAdditionally, considering the significant increase of asylum-seekers since June 2020, up to 50,377, there\nhave been delays in the issuance of asylum-seekers attestations compounded by operational, security and\naccessibility limitations. They have however received a proof of registration at household level used mainly\nfor humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nIn June 2022, the CNE, with UNHCR support, began a physical individual verification exercise of the asylumseeker and refugee population, including the biometric registration of those newly arrived. Through this\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Health\nInformation System", - "confidence": 0.9792402982711792, - "start": 54, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Data on refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9254443645477295, - "start": 42, - "end": 47 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "NHIS", - "confidence": 0.9950630068778992, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8427164554595947, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "file", - "confidence": 0.5505355596542358, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6558024883270264, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee certificate", - "confidence": 0.6142631769180298, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7360044121742249, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nprocess, refugee certificates are to be issued or renewed using the refugee data management system with\nbiometrics supported by UNHCR. Besides the multi-purpose aspect of this exercise, it also aims at informing\nprotection and assistance strategies based on up-to-date and comprehensive data. Despite some delays as\nof 30 June 2023, this exercise is still ongoing in Diffa, Maradi and Tahoua regions and will be finalized in the\ncourse of 2023-24, during which Niamey and the Tillaberi region will also be added.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers in Niger continue to have access to civil registration services for vital events\n[that occurred in Niger. These services are provided by the relevant entities of the DGECMR under the Law](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/fr/123760)\n[No 2019-29 of 1st July 2019 governing the regime of civil status in Niger on the same conditions as nationals.](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/fr/123760)\nDuring the reviewed period, the Government introduced three series of reforms aimed at ensuring that\nall individuals within its jurisdiction have swift access to civil status documentation for vital events such\nas births, marriages and deaths occurred in Niger. These legal reforms resulted in a higher number of\ncivil registration centres for all populations in Niger, in line with the commitments made under the African\nProgram for Accelerated Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Production.\n\n\nDespite the lack of specific data available to UNHCR on birth registration and certification for refugees and\nasylum-seekers, there has been a significant increase in the issuance of birth certificates to refugees and\nasylum-seekers born in Niger, with a focus on new-borns under one. However, challenges persist among\nrefugee populations, including limited awareness on the importance of obtaining a birth certificate, notably\nto mitigate risks of statelessness arising from prolonged refugee situations. This is particularly the case for\nlate birth registration, which requires a much lengthier procedure and is not easily accessible.\n\n\nUnder the refugee legislation, recognized refugees are also entitled to a Convention Travel Documents\n(CTDs) upon request for the purpose of travelling outside of the country. CTDs are issued by the Directorate\nof Territorial Surveillance (Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire) under the Ministry of Interior but are not\nmachine readable, thus no compliant with ICAO requirements. Steps are being taken with UNHCR\u2019s support.\nCTDs are not machine-readable and thus no compliant with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)\nstandards.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nIn line with the refugee legislation, the Government of Niger continues to allow access to justice and security\nservices for refugees and asylum-seekers on par with nationals. However, the full enjoyment of these security\nservices for both the host community and refugees continues to be impeded by security challenges, a lack of\ncapacity, institutional infrastructure, and poverty.\n\n\nWhile there are no systematic or systemic human right violations noted, the volatile security situation in\nNiger\u2019s neighboring countries requires the Government of Niger to strike a difficult balance between national\nsecurity interests and commitments to protect all civilians, including refugees. Since the attack perpetrated\nby a non-state armed group on May 30, 2020, in the refugee hosting area of Intikane, there has not been\nany similar armed attack targeting refugee hosting areas over the past three years. Additionally, when Niger\nauthorities conducted raids in locations suspected of harboring members of armed groups, some asylumseekers or refugees happened to have been rounded up as well. In such cases, the CNE, with the support\nof UNHCR, intervened with the relevant authorities, leading, in most cases, to the release of the individuals\ninvolved.\n\n\nNiger\u2019s Code of Criminal Procedure continues to provide for the right to defense, with the judge assigning\nex officio a lawyer to refugees on par with nationals. Additionally, the National Agency for Legal and Judicial\nAssistance (ANAJJ) under [Law No. 2011-42](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2011/en/123759) continues to oversee the legal and judiciary assistance for\nbeneficiaries as per the rules established in the same law.\n\n\nAs of 31 December 2022, detention monitoring reported 184 refugees and asylum-seekers (including 8 children) held in 10 detention centers, mainly on criminal charges rather than administrative issues related to\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee data management system", - "confidence": 0.9911451935768127, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9809593558311462, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.973921537399292, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023-24", - "confidence": 0.5753243565559387, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8227429389953613, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "detention monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9976867437362671, - "start": 739, - "end": 741 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.5779322385787964, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7093517184257507, - "start": 737, - "end": 738 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8858788013458252, - "start": 737, - "end": 738 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9440667629241943, - "start": 743, - "end": 746 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nirregular entry or presence in the country. These detentions are primarily related to crimes such as theft, sexual\nassault on minors, fraud, drug trafficking or possession, forgery, and counterfeiting, as well as complicity with\nnon-state armed groups. Most detainees are in the Diffa region (148 individuals), while the remaining ones\nare in Niamey Tillaberi, Agadez, Tahoua and Maradi. Data on nationals detained for similar criminal issues in\nrefugee hosting areas is not available.\n\n\nDespite the above legal and institutional framework, significant gaps persist in the effective provision of legal\nassistance for all beneficiaries, including nationals, refugees, and asylum-seekers. A particular challenge is\nthe low budgetary allocations by the State and the required cumbersome procedures to obtain the certificate\nnecessary for the appointment of a court-assigned lawyer by ANAJJ. These shortcomings were underlined\nand discussed during the various meetings with the relevant State actors of this sector (ANAJJ, Bar of Niger,\nDirectorate of Human Rights, Directorate of Juvenile Judicial Protection, Directorate of Prison Administration,\nNational Commission of the Fathers of the Ombudsman, Presidents of Courts including the Senior Court of First\nInstance of Niamey, UNDP, ICRC etc.). In the absence of civil society organizations able to provide refugees\nand asylum seekers with such assistance, particularly in criminal proceedings, UNHCR was able to formalize\nan agreement with a law firm in May 2023 to provide quality legal assistance in criminal proceedings.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers have remained more affected by gender-based-violence (GBV) than the\naverage population, due to insufficient male and/or community support. In 2023, 656 cases of early marriage,\n308 cases of denial of resources and opportunities, 297 cases of psychological violence and 196 cases of\nphysical assault were registered.\n\n\nAlthough the Government aims to end child marriage in the country, through a 2024-2028 strategic plan\ninitiated by the child protection directorate of the Ministry of Public health, the number of early marriage cases\nhas continued to grow because there is no repression. The Plan was developed with the aim of filling the\ngaps in the implementation of the first plan by strengthening the community approach to child protection, the\nempowerment of adolescent girls and the involvement of religious leaders.\n\n\n[In June 2023, the Law No 2023-25, on female genital mutilation (FGM) was enacted. This new law stipulates](https://droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/niger/Niger-Code-2003-penal.pdf)\nthat those who carry out FGM provides for the imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of 20.000\nto 200.000 Francs CFA (USD 35 to 350). It further foresees the imprisonment of the perpetrator and any\naccomplice of ten to twenty years if the FGM results in the death of the person subjected to FGM. Despite this\nlaw, FGM continues to be widely considered by Nigeriens as a private matter and is not being reported. The\nsame applies to domestic violence. The biggest challenge in Niger context remains the sociocultural barriers\nwhich make women dependent on their husband and stigmatized in their society.\n\n\nGBV survivors nevertheless continue to have access to Government led services when available in the hosting\narea. In the locations where these services are not available to GBV survivors, they are provided by UNHCR\nand its partners. Once the GBV survivors give their consent, the CNE continues to handle referrals made by\nUNHCR GBV partners to the relevant judiciary. However, the reporting rate of GBV incidents remains low\ndespite sensitization sessions and awareness raising campaigns regularly being organized.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nIn line with Article 10 of the [1997 Refugee Law, refugees and registered asylum-seekers continue to be](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nallowed to move freely in Niger and to choose their place of residence in the same way as nationals.\nThe Government of Niger has continuously promoted an out-of-camp policy with most refugees living\nalongside host communities. There is only one camp in Sayam Forage. Refugees who are hosted in this\ncamp remain there for security reasons following several previous attacks by non-state armed group. They\nare nevertheless free to move and to opt to live outside this camp.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nDespite the above, refugees continue to face the same challenges as nationals (e.g., insecurity, poverty)\nin exercising freedom of movement in Niger. In practice, affordable transportation and availability of\ncommunication means remain scarce, especially in rural areas, where economic opportunities are limited\ndue to limited mobility. In urban areas, higher transportation costs are often beyond the means of refugees.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[Article 9 of the 1997 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) grants refugees the right to work on par with foreign nationals who have\nconcluded a favourable convention on the right to establishment with Niger. As most refugees in Niger\nare ECOWAS citizens, they enjoy the same rights as Nigeriens regarding access to the labour market, as\nper the ECOWAS treaties. For refugees who are not ECOWAS nationals, access to formal employment in\nNiger depends on whether agreements have concluded between Niger and their countries of nationality.\nAdditionally, Article 9 of the [1997 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) continues to require that all refugees obtain an authorization\nprior to the exercise of any professional activity in Niger. This does not apply to asylum-seekers.\n\n\nDespite the above legal provision, access to formal non-public employment is, in practice, rather\nstraightforward for refugees since it does not require a work permit or special authorization to exercise their\nright to work. Upon presentation of their refugee identity card, they first need to enroll at the APNE under\nthe Ministry of Labour to obtain a card which is issued based on their education diploma and/or qualification.\nThis requirement also applies to nationals. Prospective employees generally require this ANPE card whose\nnumber is also used when the employment contract is signed for the employee to enroll their employees\nin the Caisse Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale. The refugee legislation reform should aim at explicitly stating\nthat refugees have the same right to work as nationals and do not require any work permit or special\nauthorization to access formal wage-earning employment in Niger.\n\n\nOnce having enrolled at ANPE and been issued with Agency cards, refugees are entitled to receive the\nsame treatment as nationals regarding access to labor rights and social security benefits. While the Labor\nCode prohibits nationality-based discrimination in recruitment, some practices indicate that there is room\nfor improvement in this regard.\n\n\nIn practice, it is observed that there is a tendency of the private sector and other employers in Niger to\ncontinue to prefer hiring nationals rather than refugees. It is observed that these employers have limited\nawareness of the refugees\u2019 right to work. Additionally, work in the formal economy remains limited in Niger\nand most nationals work in the informal economy. This is particularly the case in refugee hosting areas in\nNiger. Overall, the employment situation remains a concern for both refugees and host populations in Niger.\n\n\nAs far as UNHCR is aware, a small number of refugees are currently in formal employment in the private and\nhumanitarian sectors. However, there is no accurate data available on the number of refugees employed in\nthis formal sector and no formal mechanisms to collect such data with ANPE or through the subscription by\nthe refugees\u2019 employers to the Caisse Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale.\n\n\nAdditionally, UNHCR continues to rely on the same statistics as those from June 2020. It is therefore\nestimated that about 50 per cent of the refugees living in urban setting are employed in informal sectors\nwhile, in rural areas, 75 percent of refugees work informally in agriculture activities and about 20 per cent are\nemployed in other informal sectors. Only ten per cent of refugees in urban areas continue to be employed\nin the formal sector.\n\n\nRefugees with higher levels of education also face economic hardship due to the weak formal labor market\nin Niger which fuels unemployment. To address this situation, most refugee and host populations receive\nsupport to cultivate high-value crops through better agriculture techniques.\n\n\nChild labour remains a major concern for all populations in Niger and food insecurity continues to push\nmany children into working at an early age despite policy measures taken by Niger.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.9803025722503662, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8730330467224121, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.7786314487457275, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "June 2020", - "confidence": 0.9483578205108643, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9174478054046631, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nRefugees continue to be able to open and register a business in their own name. Though there is no specific\nprovision in the refugee legislation for this, the clause of non-discrimination continues to prevail for the\nrefugees to exercise this right as nationals by registering their business at the Maison des Entreprises. Once\nthe formalities are completed, they can also obtain a tax identification number to contribute to tax payments\nin the country.\n\n\nRefugees can exercise their liberal profession after their diploma obtained outside of Niger has been\nrecognized through the National Services for Equivalence of Diplomas.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers continue to enjoy the same access to land, housing and property rights as\nnationals in the absence of domestic legislation restricting those rights.\n\n\nArticle 10 of the [1997 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html) continues to permit refugees and registered asylum-seekers to access\nhousing and security services on an equal footing with nationals of Niger.\n\n\nAfter the Government of Niger made pledges during the GRF in December 2019 to provide land for\n40,000 refugees in the hosting areas and the development of the social housing project in Diffa and\nTillaberi, refugees have made progress in accessing housing through the allocated land under different\nlegal regimes. As of June 2023, approximately 35,000 vulnerable refugees (approximately 85 per cent of\nthe target) benefited from social housing. The target is to reach 100 per cent by end of 2023. Discussions\nwith the Government are ongoing to extend this scheme to cover the 2023-2027 period, as part of a new\nGRF pledge to be made by the Government.\n\n\nRefugees are identified based on vulnerability and may receive either a plot of land (200m2) or a house,\nbuilt either in traditional banco (clay) or using the ISSB technique. The land and housing scheme continues\nto support local governance as decentralization provides municipalities with discretionary power in terms\nof urban planning. The architecture of plots of land is organized in settlements, which are validated by\nthe Ministry of Urban Planning. The innovative concept of the \u201csocial plot\u201d aims, through the delivery of\nland titles by the mayors (heads of the municipality), to supervise the process of donation and possession\nof plots to target the households most in need. Socio-economic diversity is ensured as host community\nmembers, IDPs and refugees are included based on vulnerability in these new living spaces.\n\n\nSince 2020, several legal regimes to use or own land have emerged in Niger. The decision is largely\nwithin the purview of the mayor when it comes to the duration of a parcel to be allocated through a loan\ncontract, the provisions governing it and the possibility \u2013 or lack thereof \u2013 to acquire property rights.\nCurrently, four main regimes can be distinguished in Niger:\n\n\n**I.** Short-term progressive acquisition of property rights after seven years: The loan offers the possibility\nfor the refugee to acquire full ownership after seven years of continuous occupation without an\nunjustified absence of more than three months. A deed of assignment is then to be created to transfer\nthe property. This makes it the most refugee-friendly regime. It applies in Abala.\n**II.** Mid-term progressive acquisition of property rights after ten years: The loan consists of a ten-year\n\ncontract at the end of which the beneficiary becomes the owner with the grant of a deed. The refugee\ncan transfer the dwelling to his successors and in some cases grant a mortgage with the agreement\nof the mayor. These rules have the practical consequence that refugees can obtain full ownership,\nhowever this period is longer than in other municipalities. This regime applies in Chetimari and\nGueskerou.\n**III.** Discretionary: This regime leaves much flexibility to the municipality (Maine Soroa being an example).\n\nThe refugee must build his/her house within four years. Since the date of final allocation of full ownership\nis not specified, it is therefore entirely discretionary and depends on the goodwill of the mayor.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**IV.** Restrictive with no acquisition of property rights: this is the most restrictive contract in terms of rights\n\ninsofar as the refugee never owns the land. The refugee shall only enjoy possession for as long as\nhe/she remains a refugee. They can nevertheless transfer the house to their beneficiaries and the\nduration of the loan is not limited in time. This applies in Ouallam.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees continue to enjoy equal access to financial services alongside Nigerien nationals, as derived\n[from the interpretation of the rights stipulated in Article 10 of the 1997 Refugee Law. They can open bank](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\naccounts on equal terms as Nigerien citizens by presenting their refugee identity cards issued by the CNE.\nHowever, asylum-seekers face limitations in practical terms: they are unable to open bank accounts due to\nthe absence of identity cards issued by the Government. The temporary asylum attestations issued by CNE\nare not sufficient to this effect.\n\n\nIn practice, financial services for refugees and IDPs are limited. The banking penetration rate in Niger\nremains low, with only a fraction of nationals (approximately six per cent) accessing traditional and digital\nfinancial services. There is no specific data for refugees, but the figures are expected to be even lower. While\nsome urban refugees who possess refugee identity cards access some financial services, this remains very\nlimited, owing to restrictions imposed by some financial service providers. With these services concentrated\nin urban areas, rural refugees struggle more to access financial services.\n\n\nSince 2020, administrative services delivered to refugees and asylum-seekers have continued to improve\nwith the introduction of a one-stop shop (Guichet Unique) supported by UNHCR in Niamey and others\nin some of the refugee hosting areas (Ouallam and Abala). In addition to UNHCR and its partners, CNE\nstaff also participate in providing documentation, counselling, and assistance to facilitate access to national\npublic and private services, addressing any remaining obstacles.\n\n\nRefugees can obtain driving licenses in Niger. The recognition of foreign driving licenses is possible on\na case-by-case basis with CNE\u2019s support. They can also apply to have foreign diplomas recognized by any\nuniversity in Niger.\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nUnder Article 10 of the [1997 Refugee Law, refugee children continue to have access to the national education](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nsystem on equal footing with children and youth of the host communities.\n\n\nFrom January 2019 to date, due to increasing insecurity in border areas, more than 900 schools have\nbeen closed, affecting children and youth. Consequently, refugees, IDPs and host communities have faced\nreduced access to educational facilities compared to the past.\n\n\n[For 2022-2023, the gross enrollment rate](https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/103888) (GER) for refugee children is 39 per cent in primary school and\nnine per cent in secondary school. In contrast, the GER for Nigerien children is 68 per cent in primary school\nand 20 per cent in secondary school. The drop-out rate from primary to secondary levels for refugees and\nhost communities continue to be attributed to population displacement, limited prioritization of access to\neducation by the head of household, absence of school feeding programs, early marriages among girls,\nfamily reliance on manual labor undertaken by children, and the shortage of nearby secondary schools. Out\nof 147,845 UNHCR registered refugee children aged 4 to 17, 105,326 were not in school and 51.79 per cent\nof them were girls. To address these challenges, the former President has advocated for and raised funds\nto establish new boarding schools for girls across the country.\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nAlthough Malian pupils have been fully integrated into national education programs, they still face high rates\nof analphabetism and limited interest in formal education. English and Arabic speaking refugee children\n(from Nigeria and Sudan) enrolled in the national primary education system continue to lack transition\nprograms, leading to higher dropout rates.\n\n\nNigerian refugees who had attended secondary school in Nigeria before arriving in Niger in 2015 continued\nto attend the distance education program. By now it has stopped admitting new students and will end\nwhen the last cohort graduates. UNHCR, in collaboration with the Nigerian Education Authorities National\nExamination Council (NECO) has supported distance education centers, allowing students to take the Basic\nEducation certification Examination (BECE) and the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) in\nDiffa. These efforts have continued with limited engagement of the Nigerien Ministry of Education. Some\nNigerian refugees who did not attend secondary school in Nigeria have not been enrolled in these distance\neducation programs upon arrival in Niger.\n\n\nRefugee education related data has been integrated into the National Education Information and Management\nSystem run by the Ministry of National Education (MNE). However, refugee children are not included in the\ncurrent mechanisms of the Ministry for identifying out-of-school children. Refugee students in the national\nsystem pay the same examination fees (e.g. Brevet d\u2019Etudes du Premier Cycle, BEPC) as nationals, as\nper Article 10 of the Refugee law. For the Baccalaur\u00e9at examination (high school diploma) in particular,\npayments are made through a national platform administered by the Ministry of Education. However, the\nplatform was developed without considering refugee status, leading to refugees being categorized as\n\u201cforeigners\u201d instead of \u201cnationals.\u201d UNHCR has been working with local education authorities in various\nregions to address this issue.\n\n\nBesides the specific distance education program that will soon end, all other interventions aim to support the\ninclusion of all refugees in the national education system at all school levels and forms. These interventions\ninclude infrastructure construction, rehabilitation and equipment, provision of school materials, teacher\ntraining, advocacy for school feeding, collaboration with national and local education authorities and\npartners, participation in joint programming and resources mobilization, benefiting both refugees and host\ncommunities.\n\n\nDespite these efforts, significant barriers remain to strengthen access to the national education system for\nrefugees. Engaging with caregivers and community leaders to assess needs and challenges, addressing\nlocal values and beliefs, combating harmful practices, identifying, and supporting at-risk groups, and\nincreasing school attendance and retention among refugees are all vital components of these efforts.\nGlobal Partnership for Education (GPE), as part of the country\u2019s funding requests.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nUnder Article 10 of the [1997 Refugee Law, refugees and asylum-seekers enjoy equal access to government-](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nled healthcare services, spanning primary, secondary, and tertiary care, with a cost-recovery approach. To\nensure equitable access, free healthcare services continued to be provided by the Government for children\nunder five, pregnant women, caesarean sections, gynecological cancers, and family planning. Patients\nprimarily finance healthcare expenses, contributing to 40 per cent of total costs.\n\n\nChallenges persist in ensuring effective and secure access to publicly funded healthcare for all nationals\nand refugees. The 2017-2021 Health Development Plan is being implemented by the Government to\nenhance national health coverage, quality, and service utilization. Specific challenges faced by refugees\nin their effective access to national health systems stem from security issues, health system deficiencies,\nparticularly in their hosting areas, and limited access to livelihoods, hampering their ability to cover\nGovernment healthcare fees.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee education related data", - "confidence": 0.630351185798645, - "start": 188, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.6676070690155029, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.7031104564666748, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Nigerian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6383798718452454, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nThe agreement signed between UNHCR and the Ministry of Health (MoH) has provided a framework for\nrefugees to access publicly funded healthcare, allowing free healthcare access for refugees and host\ncommunities in five regions until 31 December 2022. The agreement also covers primary, secondary, and\ntertiary care through the cost-recovery system, with UNHCR reimbursing 100 per cent of medical expenses\nfor refugees when not covered by the publicly financed health care system. In Niamey, the UNHCR-led onestop shop has continued to reimburse refugees for healthcare expenses sought at government-led facilities.\n\n\nSince January 2023, no new agreement has been reached between UNHCR and the MoH. Nonetheless,\nrefugees and asylum-seekers still access publicly funded healthcare services, with reimbursements based\non prescriptions for secondary and tertiary care provided by UNHCR in absence of their enrollment in the\nnational public health insurances. The ability of refugees to gradually cover their medical expenses has not\nmaterialized, leading UNHCR and partners to continue covering the costs of medical reimbursements.\n\n\nRefugee women and girls continue to access sexual and reproductive health services through governmentled facilities, with UNHCR sponsoring the costs for those not covered by the publicly financed health system.\nRefugees, including children, also have access to mental health and psychosocial support through NGOs\nfunded by UNHCR. Over the three years, there has been an increased collaboration between UNHCR and\nthe government\u2019s National Mental Health Program.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nDespite the adoption of the National Social Protection framework in 2011 and the stipulations in Article 10 of\nthe [1997 Refugee Law, refugees have, in practice, not enjoyed access to national social protection services,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nexcept for specific World Bank-funded projects that have extended coverage to select refugees and host\ncommunities.\n\n\nThe National Food Crisis Prevention and Management System mentioned above has provided vulnerable\nnational households with food staples in kind, but refugees are not included.\n\n\nThe World Bank financed PARCA project (2018-2023) reached 25,706 refugees with cash transfers as of\nMay 2023. With the expected closure of this project, refugees will neither be targeted by social protection\noperations financed by the World Bank nor by other partners or programmes.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\n[Under Article 10 of the 1997 Refugee Law, refugees continue to have access to public services, including](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1ff81a2.html)\nhealth and psychosocial care, for unaccompanied, separated refugee children, refugee victims of trafficking\nand GBV survivors as other refugees with specific needs similar to nationals. The national legal protection\nframework for the protection of vulnerable children, including refugee children, has not changed over the\ncourse of the period considered.\n\n\n[Since 2022, the Protection Monitoring project (referred as to Project 21) has provided ongoing monitoring](https://response.reliefweb.int/west-and-central-africa/protection/projet-21)\nof protection issues in the Central Sahel and Lake Chad region. Given the highly precarious child protection\nenvironment and the high incidence of GBV incidents in Niger, the P21 project has concentrated its efforts\non monitoring and assessing these issues. The observations derive from the reports of some 400 to 600\ninterviews conducted from May 2022 to June 2023. Notably, the sense of insecurity over the past 12 months\nhas been on a downward trajectory. Theft has consistently been the most frequently reported protection risk,\nexcept for February, when kidnappings appeared to be more prevalent. There is also an overlap between\nchild protection and GBV risks, particularly in the context of early or forced marriages, which are commonly\nreported and represent both a GBV and child protection concern. Furthermore, domestic violence and\nphysical aggression are reported with alarming frequency. Although the Government of Niger is not part of\nthe data collection project for P21, the authorities have used the results of the project monitoring to prioritize\ntheir actions.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nVulnerable refugees continue to receive specific care mainly funded by UNHCR and partners in collaboration\nwith the CNE. Vulnerable refugee households are also integrated into the national social housing policy as\npart of the national habitat strategy. Under this initiative, the vulnerable refugees receive land parcels, and\na significant number of them are provided with shelters. Since its commencement in 2020, this scheme,\nsupported by the Government and implemented by UNHCR with funding from Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale\nZusammenarbeit (GIZ) and European Union (EU), has benefited approximately 35,000 vulnerable refugees.\nHowever, since the social housing projects, along with the PARCA project, are set to conclude in 2023,\nvulnerable groups may face an increased risk compared to the previous period. Urgent attention must be\ngiven to this situation.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nAll stakeholders continue to make efforts to support and expand women and girls\u2019 participation in both\nrefugee and host communities. The most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of gender for\nsocioeconomic development of refugees and host communities are as follows:\n\n\n**a.** **Girls\u2019 education:** Strengthening education, especially for adolescent girls, reduces GBV risks and fosters\n\npositive societal and economic impacts. Niger has the highest child marriage prevalence globally, with\ngirls marrying as young as nine due to various pressures. Safer access to secondary education for girls\ncan address this issue. Engaging men, boys, and women\u2019s associations in promoting positive masculinity\nis essential but requires further efforts. In policymaking, inclusion of men\u2019s perspectives is crucial for\naddressing women and girls\u2019 needs effectively.\n**b.** **Access to job and self-employment opportunities:** There is a continued challenge for women in\n\naccessing formal and informal employment among both refugees and host communities.\n**c.** **Access to financial services:** Women and girls continue to face additional barriers in accessing financial\n\nservices (including microfinance). It affects refugees and nationals.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nOver the three-year period, the most consequential policy sub-dimensions in terms of socio-economic\nopportunities and inclusion of refugees and host communities are as follows:\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**a.** **National data collection system:** Currently collected socio economic data are not capturing the\n\nstatus of those surveyed, whether they are refugees, asylum-seekers or IDPs. Capturing status-based\ninformation is critical to better inform policies, track progress and impact over time, help shape and\ntarget interventions and prioritize resources. Data segregation providing insights about refugees,\nasylum seekers and internally displaced was not available in past poverty assessments and national\nhousehold surveys.\n**b.** **Access to education and connected learning:** Given that a significant number of refugees come from\n\nNigeria, where they are mainly educated in English, the national curriculum taught in French may not\nsuit their age group. Enabling distance learning through modern technology tools is vital for refugee\nyouth to acquire skills, both for employment and language proficiency in societal integration.\n**c.** **Social protection:** Vulnerable refugees are not specifically targeted in cash or in-kind via national safety\n\nnets beyond the World Bank financed PARCA project closing in September 2023. Systematic inclusion\nwould decrease their vulnerability and facilitate their local integration.\n\n\n16 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **N I G E R**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National data collection system", - "confidence": 0.9887014627456665, - "start": 12, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5426849722862244, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6010230779647827, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5194222-6740-4475-8065-5465cd3d0666/Niger%20RPRF%20Country%20Update%202020-23.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_502/raw/doc_502_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_502/raw/doc_502_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cae71e92dc2bcfbbbe58abbf676ff100c1802a68..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_502/raw/doc_502_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**CHIFFRES CL\u00c9S**\n\n\n\nNIGER\n\n\nR\u00c9GIONS : DIFFA, MARADI, TAHOUA ET TILLABERI\n\n\nP\u00c9RIODE : F\u00c9VRIER 2023\n\n\n**ZONES DE COUVERTURE DE COLLECTE DE DONN\u00c9ES**\n\n\n**Statut par r\u00e9pondants** **Nombre de r\u00e9pondants par commune**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**M\u00e9nages** **Informateurs Cl\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Date de cr\u00e9ation :** 20 mars 2023 **Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD - **Contact :** Protection/ODM UNHCR Niamey\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40983998-bc5b-4b8a-aad7-bb3cbecf784b/Niger_Projet%2021_Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20f%C3%A9vrier%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Financ\u00e9 par FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ), co-pilot\u00e9 par HCR et DRC au niveau r\u00e9gional et au niveau pays (Niger-Mali-Burkina FasoTchad), le projet de monitoring r\u00e9gional de protection (P21) est un outil inter-agences compl\u00e9mentaire aux autres outils de collecte de donn\u00e9es du monitoring de\nprotection dans les zones affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire au Niger (Collecte d\u2019incident, r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement, sensibilisation, mouvement de population)\net permet d\u2019effectuer des analyses de protection bas\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes de perception collect\u00e9es dans quatre r\u00e9gions du Niger (Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua\net Tillab\u00e9ri). Les analyses contribuent \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019environnement de protection au Niger et de :\n\n\n - **Soutenir les acteurs de protection \u00e0 faire une programmation bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es probantes ;**\n\n - **Contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure coordination op\u00e9rationnelle et transfrontali\u00e8re ;**\n\n - **Contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019effort de mobilisation de ressources ;**\n\n - **Favoriser un plaidoyer commun pour une meilleure sensibilisation au niveau r\u00e9gional et global sur la crise de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.**\n\n\n**CONTEXTE SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu vu de tout ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection au niveau des r\u00e9gions suivies est alarmant du fait d\u2019une part \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e\nconstante des risques s\u00e9curitaires (menaces, attaques, tueries, enl\u00e8vements, etc.) et d\u2019autre part \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation continue des conditions de vies des\npopulations caus\u00e9es par les mouvements multiples de populations, la restriction de mobilit\u00e9, la raret\u00e9 des moyens de subsistance, etc.\n\n\n2\n\n\n**Date de cr\u00e9ation :** 20 mars 2023 **Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD - **Contact :** Protection/ODM UNHCR Niamey\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40983998-bc5b-4b8a-aad7-bb3cbecf784b/Niger_Projet%2021_Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20f%C3%A9vrier%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Diffa ont particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9 la p\u00e9riode. Pour la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri,\nun mouvement de 323 m\u00e9nages de 2237 personnes a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 du 10 au 28 f\u00e9vrier 2023 des localit\u00e9s de Bangaria, Mehinka et Tahajit (communes\nde Bankilare-Ayerou), vers le site d\u2019accueil des PDI d\u2019Ayerou. Pour la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, un mouvement de 196 m\u00e9nages de 1414 personnes a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9\ndes villages de Mandara, Dawey\u00e9 (commune de N\u2019guigmi), vers le site d\u2019accueil de N\u2019gandjini.\n\n\n55% des personnes interview\u00e9es au mois de f\u00e9vrier d\u00e9clarent que les attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s sont les principales causes des mouvements forc\u00e9s\ndes personnes, 29% la crainte d\u2019attaques (mouvement pr\u00e9ventif), 9% le non-acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base et 7% r\u00e9unification familiale \u00e0 la suite de\nmenaces cibl\u00e9es contre des m\u00e9nages, des familles ou des personnes membre de la communaut\u00e9. Pour ce qui est de la r\u00e9unification familiale, elle a lieu\n\u00e0 la suite de la s\u00e9paration des m\u00e9nages, des membres de familles lors des incursions et menaces des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les localit\u00e9s.\n\n\nIl ressort que les mouvements de population dans le contexte de la crise s\u00e9curitaire au niveau des zones suivies constituent l\u2019un des principaux facteurs\nqui exposent les populations \u00e0 toutes les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s (VBG, menaces physiques, famines etc.). Aussi, ces mouvements multiples d\u00e9stabilisent \u00e0 la fois\nles m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ainsi que les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, qui voient leur quotidien boulevers\u00e9 (inqui\u00e9tudes, peurs, pressions sur les services sociaux et\nressources, etc.).\n\n\n**EDUCATION**\n\n\n\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire impliquant les menaces et attaques directes des groupes\narm\u00e9s contre les infrastructures scolaires et le personnel enseignement et les\nmouvements multiples de populations sont entre autres facteurs qui affectent l\u2019acc\u00e8s\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation scolaire dans les zones suivies (Diffa, Maradi, Tillab\u00e9ri et Tahoua).\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring entre janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2023, au moins deux \u00e9coles\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es dans les localit\u00e9s de la commune de Torodi (Tillaberi), ces attaques\nsont accompagn\u00e9es de menaces contre les familles, parents ou toute autre personne\nqui soutient l\u2019enseignement scolaire classique dans ces zones. Il faut noter que la\nr\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri reste la plus affect\u00e9e par cette situation (attaques contre les \u00e9coles,\nfermetures des \u00e9coles, d\u00e9scolarisation, etc.).\n\n\n35% des personnes interview\u00e9es au cours de cette p\u00e9riode disent que\nl\u2019environnement scolaire des enfants n\u2019est pas s\u00fbr contre 30% au mois de janvier\n2023. Cette hausse sensible sur la perception de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019environnement\nscolaire des enfants engendre une pression psychologique \u00e0 la fois chez les parents,\nles enfants et le personnel enseignant. Cette perception est \u00e9galement corrobor\u00e9e\npar les incidents s\u00e9curitaires et de protection li\u00e9s aux incendies d\u2019\u00e9coles et ceux qui\naffectent les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ou sur le chemin de retour.\n\n\n44% des incidents s\u00e9curitaires et de protection qui affectent les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole sont\ndes agressions physiques, les menaces verbales, les agressions sexuelles/viols,\ntentatives de recrutement. Les auteurs de ces incidents sont \u00e0 63% les membres de\nla communaut\u00e9 et 37% des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Raisons d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'environnement**\n\n**scolaire**\n\n\n\nManque d'infrastructures s\u00e9curis\u00e9es\n\n\nMenaces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res par des groupes\n\narm\u00e9s\n\nManque d'installations appropri\u00e9es pour\n\nles filles (point d\u2019eau, latrines, etc.)\n\nViolence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole (ch\u00e2timents corporels,\n\netc.)\n\n\nOn pr\u00e9f\u00e8re ne pas r\u00e9pondre\n\n\n\n\n\n**48%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n**Date de cr\u00e9ation :** 20 mars 2023 **Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD - **Contact :** Protection/ODM UNHCR Niamey\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40983998-bc5b-4b8a-aad7-bb3cbecf784b/Niger_Projet%2021_Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20f%C3%A9vrier%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\n\n\nL\u2019environnement de protection des enfants continue de se d\u00e9grader au niveau\ndes zones suivies. Les tendances observ\u00e9es au cours des trois derniers mois dans\nles r\u00e9gions de Maradi et Tillab\u00e9ri vont en crescendo.\n\n\nIl ressort des donn\u00e9es du monitoring que 21% des victimes d\u2019incidents\ns\u00e9curitaires et de protection au mois de f\u00e9vrier dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi sont des\nenfants, soit 18 victimes directes, dont 10 filles et 8 gar\u00e7ons. Selon les m\u00eames\nsources, 10 enfants dont 7 filles et 3 gar\u00e7ons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s contre demande de\nran\u00e7ons, dont 7 rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s apr\u00e8s paiement de 7 500 000 nairas (plus de 6 millions\nFCFA), et 3 autres seraient toujours en captivit\u00e9. Cette situation prend de\nl\u2019ampleur dans les localit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res des communes de Guidan Sori, Tibiri,\nSarkin Yama (Maradi) et il existe peu ou pas de m\u00e9canismes de soutien et\nd\u2019accompagnement des familles et victimes de ces actes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes tendances relatives au recrutement des enfants au sein des groupes arm\u00e9s\naugmentent \u00e9galement dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri et 43% des personnes interview\u00e9es d\u00e9clarent que les recrutements/enr\u00f4lement forc\u00e9s au sein des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s constituent la principale menace qui p\u00e8se sur les enfants dans cette r\u00e9gion. Cette perception alarmante est corrobor\u00e9e par les donn\u00e9es\ndu monitoring qui rapportent au moins 16 cas d\u2019enr\u00f4lement d\u2019enfant dans les localit\u00e9s du d\u00e9partement de Torodi (r\u00e9gion de Tillaberi). Il ressort des\ndonn\u00e9es du mois qu\u2019en plus des menaces s\u00e9curitaires r\u00e9elles sur les enfants, au sein des communaut\u00e9s ces enfants sont confront\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement aux\nfaits suivants : travail d\u2019enfant 50% (sites d\u2019orpaillages, transports de biens etc.), violences domestiques 18% (menaces, coups et blessures), violences\nsexuelles 14% (viol, agression sexuelle, harc\u00e8lement etc), etc.\n\n\nAussi 39% des personnes interview\u00e9es au cours de cette p\u00e9riode au niveau de quatre r\u00e9gions disent que les enfants courent les m\u00eames risques\ns\u00e9curitaires (enl\u00e8vements de personnes, tueries, violences, etc.), que les adultes contre 36% au mois de janvier 2023. La hausse constante de cet indicateur\nsur les risques que courent les enfants est inqui\u00e9tante et illustre les tendances en cours dans les r\u00e9gions de Maradi et Tillab\u00e9ri d\u00e9crites plus haut.\n\n\n**VIOLENCE BASEE SUR LE GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation du contexte s\u00e9curitaire impliquant la hausse des incidents\nrapport\u00e9s par le monitoring au niveau des zones suivies expose davantage les\npopulations aux risques de VBG (agressions sexuelles/physiques, violences\nconjugales, mariages forc\u00e9s, etc.). Au mois de f\u00e9vrier, 19% des personnes\ninterview\u00e9es disent avoir connaissance de cas de VBG au sein de la communaut\u00e9\nau cours des 30 derniers jours qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent l\u2019interview. Cet indicateur est\n\u00e9galement en hausse constante au cours des trois derniers mois et il alerte sur\nl\u2019ampleur des cas de VBG connu au sein des communaut\u00e9s par les m\u00e9nages et\ninformateurs cl\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes typologies de violences subies sont les agressions physiques/sexuelles qui\nrepr\u00e9sentent 40% des cas, les mariages pr\u00e9coces 24%, les viols 16%, le mariage\nforc\u00e9 16%, le d\u00e9ni de ressources 4% et les victimes sont principalement les\nfemmes et les filles. Ces donn\u00e9es de perception sont corrobor\u00e9es par le nombre\nde cas rapport\u00e9s par le monitoring au cours de cette p\u00e9riode notamment 20 cas\nd\u2019agressions sexuelles, 6 cas de viol dont cas de viol sur mineurs et 9 cas de\nmariages d\u2019enfants.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes auteurs de ces incidents de protection sont \u00e0 59% les groupes arm\u00e9s, 37% les membres de la communaut\u00e9 et 4% des inconnues. Il faut noter qu\u2019il\nexiste peu ou pas de r\u00e9ponses holistiques en mati\u00e8re de VBG dans les zones suivies en particulier dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi o\u00f9 la situation de protection\nen lien avec les VBG s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement d\u00e9grad\u00e9e au cours des trois derniers mois.\n\n\n**NB : l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es ressort que les mariages forc\u00e9s sont particuli\u00e8rement rapport\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri et renvoie aux cas de**\n**mariages effectu\u00e9s sous la menace des groupes arm\u00e9s. Ces derniers donnent des ultimatums aux familles, femmes/filles pour se marier et/ou**\n**donner en mariage ces femmes/filles dans un d\u00e9lai fix\u00e9 par eux. Selon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring ces pratiques prennent de l\u2019ampleur dans les**\n**localit\u00e9s des communes frontali\u00e8res (Torodi, Makalondi, Goroual etc), entre le Niger et Burkina Faso. Ces pratiques et menaces de la part des**\n**groupes arm\u00e9s sur les familles augmenteraient fortement l\u2019indicateur sur le nombre de mariages d\u2019enfant (mariage pr\u00e9coces), dans ces zones.**\n\n\n4\n\n\n**Date de cr\u00e9ation :** 20 mars 2023 **Source :** UNHCR, DRC, CIAUD - **Contact :** Protection/ODM UNHCR Niamey\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/west-and-central-africa/project-21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40983998-bc5b-4b8a-aad7-bb3cbecf784b/Niger_Projet%2021_Bulletin%20mensuel%20d%27analyse%20f%C3%A9vrier%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_503/raw/doc_503_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_503/raw/doc_503_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 11ee54202586f1a8848676907c4804a6e0e4e3a7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_503/raw/doc_503_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# North East Nigeria: Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis\n\nThis brief highlights protection risks which are likely to arise or worsen as a result of the COVID-19 crisis\nand the authorities\u2019 response in North East Nigeria. Such risks include instances of violence, abuse,\nexploitation or exclusion of persons from receiving basic services. The brief aims at those involved in the\nresponse, namely government officials, members of the protection sector, health personnel and other\nhumanitarian sectors and actors providing life-saving assistance (e.g., WASH, Nutrition). The brief points\nout specific risks and provides recommendations on how to address them. It takes note of lessons learned\nfrom the Ebola crisis, as well as relevant guidance and practice developed by the IASC and national\nprotection clusters/sectors in other countries with respect to the COVID-19 crisis. [1]\n\n## What is likely to happen as a result of the COVID-19 crisis?\n\nApart from health risks related to potential exposure to COVID-19, it is expected that the crisis and the\naccompanying response will have a significant adverse impact on the situation of affected populations.\nExisting vulnerabilities are likely to be aggravated, while new ones may be created as a result of the\nfollowing developments:\n\n- Federal and State authorities will increase restrictions imposed on free movement in order to limit the\ntransmission of COVID-19. These restrictions include a total ban on social gatherings, closure of schools,\nbusinesses and government buildings, curfews and a mandatory instruction to stay at home.\n\n- The authorities and humanitarian actors will focus on life-saving services, while reducing and adapting\nother services and forms of assistance. Those engaged in response activities will be required to comply\nwith various restrictions and precautionary measures, and may be placed in quarantine or become sick\nthemselves.\n\n- Non-state armed groups will exploit the void resulting from the change in operational priorities and\nlimited capacity of the security forces, while increasing their own operations (e.g., violent attacks,\nrecruitment amongst most vulnerable groups such as women, children and young adults).\n\n- Affected populations will lose economic opportunities and sources of livelihood, and at the same time\nexperience high levels of stress and anxiety.\n\n- In many cases, the response will have to rely on already-existing capacities within the community.\n\n## Key Considerations:\n\n\u27a2 As a general consideration, the response to the current crisis should be guided by these principles:\n\nprioritizing the safety and dignity of affected populations and avoiding causing harm; ensuring\nmeaningful access to essential services; remaining accountable for the services provided and for the\n\n\n1 [https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/; https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/covid-19/.](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/covid-19-outbreak-readiness-and-response)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "manner in which they are delivered; and paying due regard to the participation of affected populations\nin the decision-making and to their empowerment.\n\u27a2 The provision of basic services is an important entry point for screening protection risks and for making\n\nreferrals to available specialized services [LINK]. Protection sector\u2019s partners and community leaders\nshould support service providers to identify and address ongoing vulnerabilities.\n\u27a2 In line with the do-no-harm imperative, precautionary measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 must\n\nbe employed during all activities. It is required to adapt the modalities of work in light of these measures.\nPrimarily, this requires avoiding large gatherings and movement of people, as well as practicing social\ndistancing and hand washing.\n\u27a2 Given that access to beneficiaries is likely to be restricted, modalities of remote support should be\n\nexplored and strengthened, identifying and prioritizing high risk cases. This includes multilingual online\nsupport and monitoring by phone, text messages, social media and through other members of the\ncommunity.\n\u27a2 Possible unintended negative effects of a specific intervention should be assessed. For example, certain\n\ntraining activities may increase exposure to COVID-19 or compromise beneficiaries\u2019 safety.\n\u27a2 Incidents of violence, abuse or exploitation shall be documented and promptly reported to the relevant\n\nauthorities, including through the Protection Sector.\n\n## Specific protection risks in the context of the COVID-19 crisis\n\nI. Rumors, misinformation and hostile attitudes towards health and aid workers\n\n- There is a risk that fear and anger can grow within communities as a result of rumors spreading and\nmisinformation. In past health emergencies, some fled their villages in fear, increasing the potential to\nspread the virus.\n\n- Given a gender gap in the literacy rates, women could be more vulnerable than men to rumors and\nmisinformation, and have limited access to correct information.\n\n- Taking into account lessons identified during past health crises, communities may reject health messages\nfrom the outside and be suspicious of aid workers. This can be due to, for example, the choice of languages\nand terms used for communication. In addition, communities were instructed to act against their\ntraditional rituals and beliefs. For example, they could not care for and attend to the needs of a sick person\nbecause it was necessary to keep this person in isolation. Moreover, people who were hospitalized died\nwithout relatives knowing what happened.\n\n- Incidents of violence against health and humanitarian personnel were recorded during past health crises.\n\n**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 Apart from issuing health and safety instructions, the authorities and humanitarian actors shall strive to\n\nhave a two-way conversation with affected populations in order to understand their concerns and\ndifficulties. Affected communities shall be consulted to identify problems, as well as appropriate\nsolutions.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2 In order to avoid the deterioration of trust and rejection of preventive measures, the authorities and\n\nhumanitarian actors should proactively monitor cases of misinformation and engage with communities\nto address rumors and dispel myths.\n\u27a2 Clear and unequivocal messages should be communicated through formal and informal channels, in\n\nvarious formats and in languages affected persons can understand.\n\u27a2 Clear client feedback mechanisms should be in place to allow individuals express their ongoing concerns\n\nand identify solutions.\n\u27a2 In cases where a family member is transferred to an isolation or medical facility, the family must be\n\ninformed and updated about his/her whereabouts and condition. Family visits and regular contact, for\nexample by phone, should be facilitated when it is possible and safe to do so.\n\u27a2 The public should be sensitized and encouraged to value and support the work of frontline responders.\n\n\nII. Excessive Use of force and detention by security forces\n\n- While enforcing restrictions of movement, including curfews, security forces may use unnecessary force.\nSimilarly, people moving, for example those wishing to access farm land, food or firewood, are likely be\nstopped, questioned and even detained for violating the government instructions. Those who do not\npossess personal documentation are at higher risk of being detained or harassed.\n\n- People in detention facilities, including formal and informal facilities and de facto detention, will be at\nhigher risk of contracting COVID-19, and least likely to obtain necessary care and protection services.\n\n**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 Restrictions of movement and other restrictive measures should only be imposed when necessary to\n\nprotect public health, and in a manner which is proportionate to the seriousness of the risk.\n\u27a2 When enforcing these restrictions, non-violent means shall be used, such as persuasion, warnings and\n\n - only if these fail \u2013 fines. Force may only be used as an exceptional measure, when unavoidable and in\na proportionate manner.\n\u27a2 **The use of firearms and explosive weapons is strictly prohibited** . It can only be employed in order to\n\nprotect security personnel or other persons from an imminent danger of death or serious injury, and\nonly when less extreme means are insufficient.\n\u27a2 Detention should only be employed as a last resort, given the harsh impact on the person concerned\n\nand his/her family, as well as the potential risk of transmission in detention facilities. When persons are\ndetained, they should be treated humanely in all circumstances and have access to medical care. Their\nfamily must be informed about their whereabouts and condition. In the absence of risk to public health,\nthey should be released without delay.\n\u27a2 Legal assistance should remain available for urgent interventions.\n\u27a2 In order to mitigate the adverse impact of restrictions of movement as well as to encourage compliance\n\nwith these restrictions, adequate access to basic services, in particular food, should be provided,\nincluding by home distribution.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "III. Escalation of violence and civil unrest\n\n- Non-State armed groups may take advantage of the unstable situation and of the limited capacity of\nsecurity forces in order to carry out attacks on military targets and against civilians. This may lead to new\nwaves of displacement.\n\n- Tension in IDP camps and between IDPs and host communities is likely to increase due to limited resources\nand assistance, as well as perceived (or actual) differences in the COVID-19 response between host\ncommunities and IDP camps. Incidents of violence, thefts and other criminal acts are expected to increase.\n\n- Fear, frustration and anger at the authorities may lead in an extreme scenario to violent riots, looting and\nthe breakdown of law and order, posing a serious risk to the safety of affected persons and humanitarian\npersonnel.\n\n- Existing violence and neglect in the home can be exacerbated by increased stress, loss of income and\nmovement restrictions, impacting those already at risk. As discussed below, the situation will result in\nincreased domestic violence and negative coping mechanisms. Women, girls and boys, people with\ndisability, elderly and marginalized groups are particularly exposed to increased protection risks.\n\n**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 The authorities should take appropriate measures to ensure the protection of civilians from attacks by\n\narmed groups.\n\u27a2 The authorities should also have sufficient capacity for law enforcement and for addressing violence\n\nwithin the community. Law and order must be enforced in a fair, non-discriminatory manner and while\nrespecting and protecting the human rights of all persons.\n\u27a2 Community leaders and religious leaders should be mobilized to listen and solve community tensions.\n\u27a2 Case management and life-saving services should be adapted and remain available. Updated referral\n\npathways to be widely distributed.\n\u27a2 Adequate access to food and basic non-food items is essential to ease tension.\n\n\nIV. Rejection of infected persons and their families\n\n- In past health crises, surviving patients and their families faced stigma, discrimination and rejection by\ntheir communities.\n\n- Those perceived as spreading the virus, such as survivors and new arrivals to IDP camps, may be attacked,\nforcibly evicted or otherwise harassed.\n\n- Those who become sick may be hidden by the family, instead of seeking medical care, fearing the\ncommunity reaction.\n\n**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 All persons who are \u2013 or may be \u2013 infected by COVID-19, including those hospitalized or placed in\n\nisolation or in quarantine, should have adequate access to all basic necessities, including food, water\nand sanitation, health and psychosocial care.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2 Media initiatives and community-engagement activities are encouraged in order to raise awareness and\n\npromote a supportive and inclusive environment (e.g., presenting accurate information as disseminated\nby the World Health Organization (WHO), explaining treatment options and sharing personal stories of\nthose recovered or of persons supporting and caring for those infected by COVID-19).\n\u27a2 Authorities must protect individuals against violence by other members of the community, and in\n\nextreme scenario offer alternative accommodation to those at higher risk.\n\nV. Gender-based violence\n\n- As a result of the COVID-19 crisis, women may experience a greater risk of gender-based violence.\nIntimate partner violence may increase due to heightened tension in the household with food insecurity\nand quarantine measures. Stringent movement restrictions may prevent women from leaving their home\nat moments of violence or to move to places of refuge.\n\n- Loss of livelihood and limited assistance may lead to survival sex and sexual exploitation.\n\n- Closures imposed on camps and heavy presence of security forces may increase the risk of sexual abuse\nand exploitation by security forces and law enforcement personnel.\n\n- In a scenario of intensified attacks by non-State armed groups, civilians, and in particular women and girls,\nface a greater risk of rape, abduction and murder by armed groups.\n\n**Recommendations:**\n\n\u27a2 The authorities and those involved in response activities should take appropriate measures, including\n\ntraining, to prevent gender-based violence by security forces or humanitarian personnel. Complaints\nshould be investigated promptly and those found responsible should be held to account.\n\u27a2 The authorities should ensure appropriate policing presence to protect from and respond to GBV.\n\u27a2 Protection screening and monitoring should be carried out, utilizing community existing capacities,\n\nincluding the Protection Action Groups (PAGs) and other focal points, as well as while delivering services,\nincluding at points of distribution of food and non-food items, community centers and medical clinics.\n\u27a2 Employ female health staff with skills and experience of working with women.\n\u27a2 Ensure that GBV case management, medical and psychosocial support services remain available.\n\u27a2 Treat survivors with sensitivity, while protecting their safety and respecting their dignity and privacy.\n\n\nVI. Vulnerable persons are neglected or excluded from receiving services\n\n- IDPs, the elderly, pregnant women, persons with disabilities and others may be discriminated against\nwhen they attempt to access services in the host community or in camps. Some may be discouraged from\naccessing health facilities or simply forgotten behind, especially in situations of curfew and lockdown.\n\n- New arrivals to IDP camps may be denied entry and quarantined for days or weeks before accessing the\ncamps.\n\n- Older people (men and women) will be at increased risk of mortality if they contract COVID-19, and may\nbe least able to access health facilities due to a range of factors, including gender and social discrimination,\naccess to resources, restricted freedom of movement and poverty.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- People with disabilities will be at increased risk of exclusion from social services, as is consistently the case\nduring times of crisis. This can be due to reduced mobility, confusion about social distancing requirements,\nsocial discrimination or lack of information.\n\n- People with chronic health conditions may be unable to access the services they require as health systems\nare overburdened by the COVID-19 response. People with chronic health conditions may also have\ncompromised immune systems, increasing their susceptibility to COVID-19 and need to self-isolate, while\nothers may face heightened social stigma even if they are not at higher risk of COVID-19.\n\n- Ethnic and religious minorities may also be excluded from services or lack access to information in a\nlanguage they can understand.\n\n- While many face the risk of forced eviction due to their inability to pay rent, the impact on alreadyvulnerable and marginalized individuals is expected to be particularly harsh.\n\n**Recommendations:**\n\n\u27a2 The authorities must ensure that all people, regardless of status, gender, disability, ethnicity, religion or\n\nlanguage, can receive life-saving treatment in a timely manner.\n\u27a2 Messaging about COVID-19 should be communicated through various formats and translated into the\n\nlanguages spoken in targeted areas.\n\u27a2 Community-engagement activities should be held in order to raise awareness and promote a supportive\n\nand inclusive environment.\n\u27a2 Protection screening and monitoring should be carried out, utilizing community existing capacities, as\n\nwell as while delivering services. Contact with vulnerable people who might be isolated should be\nmaintained using phone calls, text messages, social media and home visits where possible.\n\u27a2 Mobile delivery of humanitarian services should be explored.\n\u27a2 The authorities should ensure that the basic needs of those quarantined, including new arrivals to IDP\n\ncamps, are met.\n\u27a2 The authorities should refrain from evicting people during the crisis.\n\u27a2 HLP abuses should be monitored with the support of existing community structures. An eviction\n\nresponse plan should be prepared, offering counseling to tenants at risk of eviction and identifying\noptions for rapid rehousing.\n\u27a2 Legal assistance should remain available for urgent interventions.\n\u27a2 Case management services should remain available for those at higher risk.\n\n\nVII. Risks to children\n\n- As a result of the current crisis, children may lose parental care when their caregivers fall ill or are\nquarantined. Children who are hospitalized or quarantined themselves may also be deprived of parental\ncare. In these circumstances, they are more exposed to neglect, physical violence and exploitation, and\nmay not have access to essential services without an adult or the necessary documentation.\n\n- As the family experiences an extreme hardship, girls are more likely to be forced into early marriage.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 Employ health staff with skills and experience of working with children.\n\u27a2 Identify in advance alternative care arrangements for children, linked to a family tracing system. Existing\n\ntraditional and religious structures in the community should be used to support this effort.\n\u27a2 Keep children informed about the whereabouts of their family members and their condition, taking into\n\naccount the personal circumstances of the child, level of understanding and his/her best interest.\n\u27a2 Case management should remain available and adapted to those at higher risk.\n\n\nVIII. Negative coping mechanisms\n\n - Stress, anxiety and lack of livelihood may push affected persons, including children, to adopt negative\ncoping mechanisms, such as transactional sex, use of drugs and alcohol, crime and joining armed groups.\n\n - Search for livelihood may result in increased behavioral risks, further exposing persons to immediate\nthreats such as Explosive Remnants of War (e.g., during collection of metal scrap) or abduction (e.g.,\nduring collection of firewood). As noted, non-compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures would\nexpose populations to increased health risks, as well as to heavy-handed enforcement by security forces.\n\n - Current stress due to the pandemic, movement restrictions and limitations on accessing livelihoods/basic\nneeds could create or exacerbate existing mental health concerns. Limited ability to receive treatment\nwill compound this risk.\n\n**Recommendations** :\n\n\u27a2 Awareness raising activities in the community, providing information in multiple languages on dangers\nassociated with negative coping mechanisms and on better options available to community members.\n\u27a2 Protection sector partners should support relevant service providers and community leaders to identify\nand address ongoing vulnerabilities, including how to refer individuals who need more specialized\nassistance.\n\u27a2 Psychosocial support should be available to people in the community who feel worried or distressed.\nSupport can be provided at service delivery points and during home visits, provided precautionary\nmeasures such as social distancing are possible.\n\u27a2 Local actors, including trusted and respected community leaders, may already be serving as frontline\nproviders and offering psychosocial support to their communities, including issues related to death,\ndying, grief and loss related to the outbreak.\n\u27a2 Remote multilingual counselling can be provided by phone or online.\n\u27a2 Capacities can be increased by partnering with professional associations and academic institutions,\nwhere mental health professionals and students may be available to provide support.\n\u27a2 Case management should remain available to those at higher risk.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/196ae830-150c-365e-9395-35cb6f5945e0/North%20East%20Nigeria%20-%20Protection%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_504/raw/doc_504_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_504/raw/doc_504_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8b49cdb5adbf8f3305261bae762644d3874b04ee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_504/raw/doc_504_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_More than two years since victory was declared over the so-called_\n\n_Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), millions of vulnerable Iraqis_\n\n_are still at risk. Unable to return safely home, blocked from accessing_\n\n_basic services like water, healthcare and education, and without means_\n\n_to rebuild their homes and lives, the outlook for many is bleak. Massive_\n\n\n\n_recovery efforts are still ongoing, but urgent action is required to address_\n\n_the immediate needs of millions of vulnerable families._\n\n\n_Their stories rarely make the news outside of Iraq. Fading international_\n\n_attention and reduced funding for the crisis, coupled with increasing_\n\n_political instability inside Iraq, puts the 1.5 million displaced families, and_\n\n_the 4 million returnees, in increasing danger and risks tipping the country_\n\n_back into crisis._\n\n\n_This is not the time to look away. Fragile peace requires robust action._\n\n_Political, humanitarian, development, reconciliation and stabilization_\n\n_efforts \u2013 local, national and international \u2013 should not only prioritize the_\n\n_immediate protection of displaced persons and returnees but make_\n\n_sustainable solutions a priority._\n\n\n\nMarch 2020 Publication\n\n\nAuthors: William S. Chemaly\n\nGlobal GPC Coordinator\n\n\nClaudia Nicoletti, Yannick\n\nCreoff\n\nOn behalf of the Protection\n\nCluster, Iraq\n\n\nJoanna Garbalinska\n\nNGO Coordination Committee\n\nfor Iraq\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00be0997-822b-3933-809a-7ae9afd9814a/Not-wanted-anywhere_GPC_Iraq_Feb-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **What is** **happening in** **Iraq?**\n\nThe ISIL conflict resulted in the\n\ndeaths of thousands of people.\n\nWomen and children were enslaved\n\nand traded for sex and marriage,\n\nhomes and properties were\n\ndestroyed en masse, vast areas of\n\nland were (and remain) contaminated\n\nwith explosives, disappearances and\n\ndisplacement became the new norm\n\n- aiding the disintegration of an\n\nalready strained social fabric.\n\n\nSince the declared defeat over ISIL in\n\nDecember 2017, Iraq has been\n\ndealing with the vast human, societal\n\nand material tragedies of the conflict.\n\n\nIn some governorates, joint efforts by Iraqi institutions,\n\nhumanitarians and development actors have seen\n\nsubstantial progress: delivery of humanitarian aid, creation\n\nof compensation schemes, return of displaced people,\n\nresumption of services, reconstruction of destroyed\n\ninfrastructure, creation of laws and the reinstatement of the\n\nrule of law.\n\n\nHowever, some groups of people still urgently need\n\nprotection and substantive support to meet their basic\n\nneeds and begin to recover and rebuild lives that have\n\nbeen shattered by conflict.\n\n\n**Safe, dignified, voluntary returns**\n\n\nAbout 4 million people who fled during the conflict have\n\nreturned to their homes or surroundings. Some did so\n\nvoluntarily and are benefitting from important progress in\n\nthe resumption of basic services and reconstruction of\n\ninfrastructure, such as bridges and roads. Others, who\n\nwere forced or coerced to return following the rushed\n\nclosure of IDP camps at the end of 2019, are living in\n\nprecarious conditions. Some families with perceived ISIL\n\naffiliation are unable to return home due to hostile\n\nresistance from their community, still more had homes\n\ncompletely destroyed by the conflict and have nowhere to\n\n\n\ngo. These factors have forced large numbers of already\n\nvulnerable families into secondary or even tertiary long\nterm displacement. The resources of the Iraqi government\n\nshould be directed to this group to avoid prolonging their\n\ndisplacement and the subsequent risks. Humanitarian and\n\ndevelopment actors should play their role in supporting the\n\ngovernmental efforts.\n\n\n**Challenges of returning home**\n\n\nThose who do return home continue to face challenges\n\nwith limited access to basic services and livelihoods,\n\ndanger from unexploded bombs and mines, and\n\ncommunities marred by suspicion and distrust. To enable\n\npeople to return home safely and rebuild their lives, the\n\nfollowing steps are essential:\n\n\nFirst, actors should work to ensure that all returns are safe,\n\ndignified and voluntary. This includes giving displaced\n\npeople the option to integrate into their area of\n\ndisplacement as well as to return to their area of origin.\n\nReturnees need to be and feel safe. Areas should be free\n\nof unexploded ordinances and returnees should be\n\nsupported to reintegrate socially and economically in their\n\nenvironment. Community engagement based on human\n\nrights standards and practices, including by law\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00be0997-822b-3933-809a-7ae9afd9814a/Not-wanted-anywhere_GPC_Iraq_Feb-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "enforcement and security actors, is crucial in order to build\n\ntrust between communities and institutions and contribute\n\nto the feeling of safety.\n\n\nSecond, returnees and their surrounding communities\n\nneed increased support in livelihoods and basic services,\n\nincluding functioning water, electricity, healthcare,\n\nschools, and houses.\n\n\nThe government of Iraq has created seven complementary\n\ngrants to enable return, however the disbursement of\n\nthese grants is extremely limited and hampered by a\n\ncomplex bureaucratic process, more often than not, there\n\nis no corresponding budgetary allocation in the ministries.\n\nThis needs to be reversed. Humanitarian and development\n\nactors must strengthen cooperation and support to Iraq in\n\naddressing these two stabilization factors as a way to\n\nensure sustainable returns.\n\n\n**Displaced whose return requires reconciliation and**\n\n**political agreements**\n\n\nThough hard to estimate, it is believed that hundreds of\n\nthousands of displaced people across the country are\n\nblocked from returning home. Most of these families are\n\nperceived to be affiliated with ISIL. Deep grievances are\n\nheld against them and if these remain unaddressed, there\n\nis a substantial risk of renewed conflict.\n\n\nA number of these families are reportedly in camps with\n\nsevere restrictions on freedom of movement inside and\n\noutside the camp, including needing permission or escorts\n\nto access essential medical care. IDPs without civil\n\ndocumentation are unable to pass through checkpoints\n\nand return home or to access basic services including\n\nhealthcare and education. Without documentation, an\n\nentire generation of Iraqis are growing up without access\n\nto education, facing exclusion from society and at-risk from\n\nextremism.\n\n\nThe situation is complex. Closing or transforming the\n\ncamps to centers with detention-like conditions will not\n\nwork, nor will forced and/or premature returns. The\n\ncomplexity must be addressed, with efforts made to pave\n\nthe way for reconciliation in areas where this is possible.\n\n\n**Minority communities very reluctant to return**\n\n\nThe conflict had a heightened impact on regions with large\n\nminority populations. Many thousands were abducted and\n\n\n\nkilled, others were held captive or sold, including women\n\nand children held in sexual slavery and domestic servitude.\n\nMany remain captive, at risk of extreme violence, others\n\nescaped and now deal with the trauma from their tents.\n\n\nThe issues faced by minorities are long-standing. The\n\ndefeat of ISIL is only one step among many needed to\n\naddress the concerns of communities that are vulnerable\n\nto attack, subject to deeply entrenched discrimination and\n\nexcluded from economic, political and social life.\n\n\nDespite national and international attention, thousands of\n\nmembers of the Yazidi minority group remain in camps,\n\ntraumatized, with limited access to services, freedom of\n\nmovement, or options to move on. They are not accepted\n\nto integrate where they have sought safety, nor is\n\nrelocation to an alternative location in Iraq viable.\n\n\nSlowly, they are being forgotten, suffering from\n\nunaddressed trauma, the fear of future attacks, and no\n\nrealistic options for the future. An improvement of their\n\ncurrent shelter, psychosocial situation and livelihoods is an\n\nimmediate must. A major political effort, supported by the\n\nYazidi community, is needed to unlock this situation.\n\n### **What can we do about it?**\n\n\nImmediate action is needed to address the urgent needs\n\nof the vulnerable population in Iraq:\n\n\n**1. Ensure the needs of displaced communities remain**\n\n**on top of the agenda of national politics and**\n\n**geopolitical priorities**\n\n\nIraq is a middle-income country that has received\n\nsubstantive humanitarian and stabilization support.\n\nHowever, decades of conflict have severely impacted\n\nsocial cohesion, leaving a diverse population fractured and\n\ndivided. Trust in government efforts to find solutions is low.\n\nMuch stronger advocacy locally, nationally and\n\ninternationally is required.\n\n\nA reduction of humanitarian and stabilization efforts in the\n\ncountry will leave millions of people suffering as it stands\n\nand will risk an imminent renewed conflict. The\n\ngovernment of Iraq with the support of the international\n\ncommunity need to seriously prioritize finding durable\n\nsolutions for the displaced, particularly those in protracted\n\ndisplacement.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00be0997-822b-3933-809a-7ae9afd9814a/Not-wanted-anywhere_GPC_Iraq_Feb-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Pull all efforts in one direction: solutions that last**\n\n\nThere are many initiatives, programs and efforts currently\n\nbeing undertaken in Iraq. It is vital that these initiatives are\n\nfully coordinated with clear counterparts identified to\n\naddress humanitarian, protection, development and\n\nstabilization needs in Iraq at local and national level.\n\n\nThere should be clarity on how humanitarian, development\n\nand stabilization efforts come together with a clear priority\n\nof providing protection and stability.\n\n\nIraq is a litmus test to the renewed effort in the international\n\nsystem for joint humanitarian and development\n\napproaches. It is much needed in Iraq. Strong and clear\n\nleadership in taking this forward is key to its success.\n\n\n**3. Keep up humanitarian and protection efforts and do**\n\n**no harm**\n\n\nDisplaced populations in Iraq face major protection\n\nproblems: lack of legal documentation, limited rule of law,\n\ndisappearances, social tensions, lack of adequate shelter,\n\npervasive gender based violence, child marriage,\n\ntrafficking in persons, negative coping mechanisms,\n\nexplosives contamination, major land and property issues,\n\ntrauma and mental health challenges, limited attention to\n\npersons with disability, and specific challenges faced by\n\nchildren and youth.\n\n\nRushed solutions like non-planned camps closure and\n\nforced returns is shortsighted and harmful. Keeping people\n\nin substandard shelter, with poor services and negative\n\npsychosocial conditions, puts already vulnerable\n\ncommunities at greater risk. Blocking people from\n\naccessing civil documentation excludes them from society\n\nand potentially shuts out an entire generation, putting them\n\nat risk of extremism.\n\n\nScaling down humanitarian aid now will be disastrous for\n\nthese communities and for the country as a whole.\n\nAddressing their protection needs must be organized\n\nacross humanitarian, development and stabilization efforts\n\nwith clear accountabilities and government counterparts\n\nthat are supported to cope with the size and scope of the\n\nissues. Monitoring of progress and course correction need\n\nto continue until indications are much better than what they\n\nare now.\n\n\n\nIt is very important to recognize that the capacities and\n\ncontexts differ from governorate to governorate and within.\n\nPlans should be localized and customized to build on the\n\ncontexts and what exists.\n\n\n**4. Focus on local reconciliation and transitional**\n\n**justice, one success at a time**\n\n\nThe recent camp closures and consolidation have\n\nhighlighted the increased protection risks faced by\n\ndisplaced populations, particularly those who are\n\nperceived to be affiliated to ISIL, the majority of whom are\n\nwomen and children.\n\n\nWithout a comprehensive national plan, communities are\n\nleft to deal with reconciliation efforts on their own. Strong\n\npolitical support for reconciliation and justice efforts need\n\nto be stepped up at local level with dedicated political\n\nsupport and enhanced policy at governorate and national\n\nlevel.\n\n\nTrust in national authorities and hope for the future must\n\nbe rebuilt on a foundation of consultation, participation and\n\nlegal, policy and institutional frameworks for minority\n\nrights, which are currently limited or absent.\n\n\n**5- Target development and stabilization action to**\n\n**enable solutions that work**\n\n\nIraq has benefitted from over one billion USD of\n\nstabilization and reconstruction programs that are making\n\nmajor positive difference in people\u2019s lives. There are return\n\nefforts coordinated through the development coordination\n\noffice of the UN and governorates return committees, to\n\nname a few. These efforts need to come together and\n\nprioritize geographic locations where solutions are\n\npossible.\n\n\nIt is important to carve space for all feasible solutions so\n\nthat displaced persons can make a choice for their future\n\nincluding sustainable return, local integration and\n\nsettlement elsewhere in the country.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/00be0997-822b-3933-809a-7ae9afd9814a/Not-wanted-anywhere_GPC_Iraq_Feb-2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_505/raw/doc_505_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_505/raw/doc_505_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index aef68919f523a947c65f8e2ce16840d61e258ab2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_505/raw/doc_505_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Note d\u2019information** **LE MOUVEMENT DES RAPATRIES SPONTANES DANS LES TERRITOIRES** **DE DJUGU ET MAHAGI**\n\n_**Province de l\u2019Ituri, RDC**_\n\n\n**1. INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nDepuis le 28 ao\u00fbt 2019, un mouvement de retour d\u2019environ 1575 personnes (rapatri\u00e9es\nspontan\u00e9es) qui avaient fui certaines localit\u00e9s des territoires de Djugu (Joo, Nyamamba,\nTchomia, etc.) et Mahagi (Mahagi port, Angumu, Apala, etc.) pour se rendre en Ouganda est\nobserv\u00e9. Ces personnes avaient fui l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 entretenue par des hommes arm\u00e9s non\nidentifi\u00e9s dans ces territoires au mois de juin 2019.\n\n\nOn estime qu\u2019environ 7.500 Congolais s\u2019\u00e9taient r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Ouganda, non seulement \u00e0 cause\ndes attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre des villages par des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s suivies\nd\u2019exactions contre les civils, mais aussi \u00e0 cause des tensions intercommunautaires\n(impliquant certains membres des communaut\u00e9s Hema et Lendu ) qui s\u2019en sont suivies.\n\n\n**2. CAUSES DE RETOUR**\n\n\nLe mouvement de retour a \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9 par l\u2019accalmie relative observ\u00e9e dans ces zones suite\nau renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence s\u00e9curitaire (d\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des Forces Arm\u00e9es\nde la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo \u2013 FARDC - et de la Police Nationale Congolaise PNC), mais aussi par la reprise des activit\u00e9s scolaires (la rentr\u00e9e des classes du mois de\nseptembre 2019). Selon certains rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s du site de Gengere [1], leurs enfants\n\u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s pour s\u2019adapter au syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif de l\u2019Ouganda.\n\n\n**3. MECANISME D\u2019ENREGISTREMENT**\n\n\nSelon nos sources sur le terrain, seuls les rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s qui passent par les points\nd\u2019entr\u00e9es officiels sont enregistr\u00e9s par la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Migration (DGM). En plus\ndes rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s, plusieurs autres personnes, dont des vuln\u00e9rables, qui avaient fui\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Ouganda, ne poss\u00e8dent pas de documents qui attestent qu\u2019ils r\u00e9sidaient\ndans un camp (\u00e0 Kyangwali, Hoima principalement).\n\n\nIl sied de signaler que la plupart de ces rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s arrivent soit le soir et/ou ne\npassent pas par la DGM, bien que le bureau existe dans la localit\u00e9. Cela rend difficile\nl\u2019enregistrement formel de ces personnes. Ces personnes ne seraient pas suffisamment\ninform\u00e9es sur l\u2019enregistrement organis\u00e9 par la DGM. De plus, dans certains villages de retour\naffect\u00e9s par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, les bureaux de la DGM ne sont pas fonctionnels (Kafe et Joo). En\neffet, les employ\u00e9s de la DGM ont eux-m\u00eames \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de fuir.\n\n\n1 Information recueillie lors d\u2019entretiens individuels avec deux femmes et un homme\n\n\nLe mouvement des rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s \u00e0 Djugu et Mahagi - UNHCR-Intersos - Page | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6a59ab0-4a51-3258-b911-470b528afa5a/Note-d%27information---Le-mouvement-des-rapatrie%CC%81s-spontane%CC%81s-dans-les-territoires-de-Djugu-et-Mahagi---Ituri---11-10-2019_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4. STATISTIQUES ILLUSTRATIVES DES RAPATRIES SPONTANES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cause|Zones de provenance|Zones de
retour|Territoires|Nombre de
m\u00e9nages|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Site
de
Gengere|Mahagi|7|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Localit\u00e9 Atata|Localit\u00e9 Atata|3|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Tchomia|Djugu|92|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Nyamamba|Nyamamba|72|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Kafe|Kafe|42|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Joo|Joo|46|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Gbii|Gbii|34|\n|Accalmie
dans la zone
de retour|Camp
des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
de
Kyangwali, Hoima district,
Ouganda.
Et Familles d\u2019accueil.|Torges|Torges|19|\n|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**315**|\n\n\n\nCe chiffre est illustratif et pourrait \u00eatre revu \u00e0 la hausse apr\u00e8s une \u00e9valuation approfondie. Les\nrapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s se trouveraient en majorit\u00e9 dans les localit\u00e9s des territoires de Mahagi,\nDjugu et Irumu situ\u00e9es au bord du Lac Albert (\u00e0 la limite avec l\u2019Ouganda). Une \u00e9valuation\napprofondie dans ces zones pourra ressortir les besoins de ces rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Monitoring de Protection**\n\n\nLe mouvement des rapatri\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s \u00e0 Djugu et Mahagi - UNHCR-Intersos - Page | 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6a59ab0-4a51-3258-b911-470b528afa5a/Note-d%27information---Le-mouvement-des-rapatrie%CC%81s-spontane%CC%81s-dans-les-territoires-de-Djugu-et-Mahagi---Ituri---11-10-2019_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_506/raw/doc_506_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_506/raw/doc_506_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bf1321d9faaef771abcc793416cd98b8803a41cb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_506/raw/doc_506_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# NOTE DE PROTECTION 2023\n\n## **Contexte**\n\nEn 2023, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection s\u2019est davantage d\u00e9grad\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 2022 avec 16,041 vio\nlations de droits humains rapport\u00e9s par le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection, soit une augmentation de 86%.\n\nCes chiffres bien qu\u2019\u00e9lev\u00e9s par rapport aux chiffres de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente pour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode (8,626) sont en\n\ndessous de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 notamment en raison d\u2019un sous-rapportage persistant de la part des communaut\u00e9s de plus\n\nen plus ins\u00e9cures et r\u00e9ticentes \u00e0 partager des informations de peur de faire face \u00e0 des repr\u00e9sailles, mais \u00e9galement\n\nen raison des contraints d\u2019acc\u00e8s ne permettant pas de prendre la pleine mesure des incidents de protection se\n\nproduisant dans certains cercles inaccessibles. La violence arm\u00e9e et les attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques\n\n(GANE) contre les populations civiles ont expos\u00e9 les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreux violations et risques de protec\ntion, les contraignant aux d\u00e9placements pr\u00e9ventifs et forc\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des fronti\u00e8res.\n\n\nAinsi les mouvements de population ont augment\u00e9 de 254% en 2023, avec 6,327 incidents enregistr\u00e9s, tandis que\n\nles atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychologique ont augment\u00e9 de 78% en 2023 (3,212) par rapport \u00e0 2022\n\n(1806).\n\n\nLe monitoring des mouvements mixtes, a enregistr\u00e9 13,677 personnes, dont 5,531 demandeurs d\u2019asile, en 2023. Il\n\nfaut noter que ce chiffre est \u00e0 la hausse comparativement \u00e0 2022 o\u00f9 7,853 personnes en mouvement dont 2412\n\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, Cette diff\u00e9rence s\u2019explique par le nombre plus faible de moniteurs en\n\n2022, et ne signifie donc pas fondamentalement qu\u2019il y a eu une baisse des mouvements \u00e0 caract\u00e8re mixte.\n\n\nDans le cadre des mouvements mixtes, 3,255 victimes de violations des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es. En\n\noutre, il ressort des interviews que, selon le point d\u2019entr\u00e9e et le motif du mouvement, ces personnes faisant parfois\n\nrecours aux services des passeurs, les exposant \u00e0 des risques \u00e9lev\u00e9s de protection (trafics, VBG, etc.).\n\n\nDans la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, 305 personnes, dont 75% maliens, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es de la Mauritanie, et 69 personnes\n\ndont 07 maliens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Tous ont transit\u00e9 par le Niger. Cependant, le nombre de maliens\n\nexpuls\u00e9s d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie est largement sup\u00e9rieur, si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient aux 3000 personnes d\u00e9clar\u00e9es par le minist\u00e8re des\n\nMaliens de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur et de l\u2019int\u00e9gration africaine au d\u00e9but du deuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2023.\n\n\nPendant la p\u00e9riode sous revue, 62% des incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 Mopti (10,067) et 20% \u00e0\n\nTombouctou (3,193), marquant une hausse de 109% et 96% respectivement par rapport \u00e0 2022. Comme l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, la grande majorit\u00e9 des violations ont touch\u00e9 la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te (68 %).\n\n\nCependant, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 a \u00e9galement connu une augmentation des incidents touchant les PDI (24% contre 12%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "en 2022). Dans le cadre du Monitoring de protection un total de 124 alertes Flash ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es durant 2023,\n\ncontre 207 alertes en 2022, dont la majorit\u00e9 concernait la r\u00e9gion de Mopti (124).\n\nLe retrait progressif de la MINUSMA \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9solution 2690 (2023) du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u0384ONU\n\nmettant fin au mandat de la Mission et la remise des bases aux autorit\u00e9s maliennes, a eu un impact consid\u00e9rable\n\nsur l\u2019environnement de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection d\u00e9j\u00e0 instable surtout au centre et au nord du pays. La reconqu\u00eate\n\ndu territoire national par les FAMa et la reprise des hostilit\u00e9s dans les zones des trois fronti\u00e8res et le centre ont\n\naffect\u00e9 l\u2019environnement de protection des civils sur le terrain.\n\n\nCette situation a pour cons\u00e9quences directes : l\u2019augmentation des affrontements dans le nord et le centre du pays,\n\nla prolif\u00e9ration des engins explosifs, la mise en place de blocus dans diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s du centre (Boni, Bara\n\nSara, Markala) et du nord du pays (Tombouctou, Goundam, Gourma-Rharous, Dir\u00e9 Ber) ainsi que sur plusieurs axes\n\nroutiers parmi lesquels Douentza-Gao et Douentza-Tombouctou (RN16).\n\n\nLes attaques et l\u2019encerclement des villages du centre du pays, ont eu un impact sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux biens et produits\n\nde premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, mais aussi sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services de base tels que la sant\u00e9, l\u2019eau, l\u2019\u00e9du\ncation, la police, la justice et les march\u00e9s. L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire est \u00e9galement entrav\u00e9 par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\ngrandissante dans les zones touch\u00e9es par les conflits arm\u00e9s. De plus, les restrictions de mouvement (interdiction\n\nd\u2019exploiter les champs, d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux march\u00e9s) impos\u00e9es par les GANE, limitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux ac\ntivit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et aux moyens d\u2019existence et de subsistance, les poussant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des m\u00e9canismes\n\nd\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs.\n\n\nDans le cadre de monitoring de protec\ntion P21, 60 % des m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s\n\nau cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, ont cit\u00e9 des re\nstrictions de mouvement, principalement\n\nen raison des op\u00e9rations militaires, de la\n\npr\u00e9sence d\u2019EEI/REG et des tensions in\ntercommunautaires, tandis que 59% ont\n\nconfirm\u00e9 de ne pas se sentir en s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\ndans leur communaut\u00e9 ; 26% disent ne\n\npas avoir acc\u00e8s aux services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En 2023, la tendance des incidents de protection est \u00e0 la hausse par rapport \u00e0 2022, en particulier les d\u00e9place\nments forc\u00e9s, les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychique et au droit \u00e0 la vie.\n\n\nLe principal indicateur de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation de protection est la hausse des violations des droits hu\nmains et atteintes \u00e0 ces droits (presque le double) par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, avec des pics observ\u00e9s aux mois\n\nd\u2019ao\u00fbt, d\u2019octobre et particuli\u00e8rement en novembre 2023.\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du Monitoring de Protection, 98% des violations des droits humains en 2023, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises\n\npar les porteurs d\u2019armes. Les civils sont auteurs de 2% des atteintes des droits humains.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Probl\u00e9matiques de protection par r\u00e9gion**\n### **Mopti/S\u00e9gou**\n\nPendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e sous revue, les violations perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (radicaux et milices\n\nd\u2019autod\u00e9fense) notamment les cas d\u2019atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie/ l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de\n\nmouvement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9currentes dans les r\u00e9gions du centre (Mopti, S\u00e9gou, Douentza, Bandiagara). Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019inten\nsification des op\u00e9rations et l\u2019augmentation des patrouilles des Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour la s\u00e9curi\nsation des r\u00e9gions de Mopti, Bandiagara et Douentza \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019attaque par les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques\n\n(pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux), du 22 avril dernier [1], la situation reste toujours pr\u00e9occupante avec un nombre important\n\nd\u2019incidents s\u00e9curitaires, exacerbant les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des populations.\n\n\nLes incidents li\u00e9s aux menaces d\u2019attaque des villages par des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux) et\n\nle regain d\u2019utilisation d\u2019EEI sur les axes routiers au niveau de certaines localit\u00e9s, notamment dans les cercles de\n\nNiono et Tominian, ont r\u00e9duit l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et entrav\u00e9 la libre circulation des personnes et des biens. Aussi,\n\nles d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s ou pr\u00e9ventifs affectent l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance et d\u2019existence, r\u00e9duisent les ca\npacit\u00e9s de production \u00e9conomique/commerciale des populations et p\u00e8sent sur les ressources des communaut\u00e9s\n\nd\u2019accueil, mena\u00e7ant ainsi la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\nEn effet, en octobre 2023, les GANE ont donn\u00e9 un ultimatum de 10 jours \u00e0 la population pour quitter la ville de\n\nDiondiori qui \u00e9tait sous blocus depuis sept (7) mois sous de peine de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, dans le village de Markala, commune de Monimp\u00e9bougou, les autorit\u00e9s villageoises de Markala ont\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes de signer un pacte de non-agression avec les GANE pour pouvoir r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs b\u00e9tails. Cette\n\nsituation a affect\u00e9 la majorit\u00e9 des gros villages du cercle de Macina Kolongo, Wenina, Sandigui Bougou.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1. Cette attaque a vis\u00e9 le camp de la gendarmerie et celui des Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 S\u00e9var\u00e9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Gao, M\u00e9naka et Kidal**\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, M\u00e9naka et Kidal a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme\n\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques (GANE) et les op\u00e9rations militaires pour la reconqu\u00eate du territoire \u00e0 la suite du\n\nretrait le 31 octobre 2023 de la MINUSMA de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal. Plusieurs violations des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\ncommises par les GANE, les personnes arm\u00e9es non identifi\u00e9es ainsi que des groupes arm\u00e9s signataires des accords\n\nd\u2019Alger.\n\n\nCes violations sont entre autres les assassinats/meurtres, les enl\u00e8vements, les coups et blessures, les extorsions\n\nde biens, les arrestations arbitraires, les vols de b\u00e9tails, les menaces d\u2019attaques et attaques de villages et les bra\nquages sur les axes routiers.\n\n\nLa recrudescence des affrontements arm\u00e9s ainsi que les violations commises, ont entrain\u00e9 des mouvements mas\nsifs de populations et ont perturb\u00e9 les \u00e9changes commerciaux entre les villes du sud et du nord du pays, augmen\ntant les prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les zones affect\u00e9es par des conflits.\n\n\n\nDans les trois r\u00e9gions, les affrontements arm\u00e9s\n\nont impact\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sil\nience des populations civiles. Les femmes et\n\nles enfants dans les zones d\u2019hostilit\u00e9s, ont dif\nficilement acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base.\n\nPlusieurs \u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es et les enfants\n\nsont expos\u00e9s aux risques d\u2019enr\u00f4lement et de vi\nolence bas\u00e9e sur le genre. A titre d\u2019illustration,\n\nen octobre, les GANE ont enlev\u00e9 quatre jeunes\n\ndans la commune de Tiderm\u00e8ne et d\u2019apr\u00e8s les\n\nt\u00e9moignages, ils les auraient contraints \u00e0 re\njoindre leur rang. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 les ef\nforts de s\u00e9curisation des personnes et de leurs\n\nbiens par les FAMAs, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et\n\nde protection reste pr\u00e9occupante.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Tombouctou /Taoudenni**\n\nEn 2023 et en particulier pendant le dernier semestre, il y a eu une d\u00e9gradation consid\u00e9rable de la situation de\n\nprotection dans les r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou et de Taoudenni, avec une augmentation de 246% des incidents de\n\nprotection enregistr\u00e9s (2,207 contre 638 pour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2022). Selon les donn\u00e9es de monitoring P21,\n\n68% de la population ne se sente pas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en raison de la pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s et de l\u2019absence d\u2019ac\nteurs \u00e9tatiques. L\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des blocus de diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s, des mouvements pr\u00e9ventifs\n\nde populations vers les pays limitrophes et des violations en lien avec l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\nDans ce contexte, une s\u00e9rie de violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises notamment des meurtres, des morts caus\u00e9s par les\n\nengins explosifs (sur les axes routiers), des agressions physiques, des enl\u00e8vements, des arrestations arbitraires, des\n\ndestructions de biens, des extorsions et des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de taxe ill\u00e9gale. Les populations civiles, souvent prises\n\nen \u00e9tau choisissent de se d\u00e9placer vers d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s jug\u00e9es s\u00e9curis\u00e9es ou traversent la fronti\u00e8re vers l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.\n\n\nLes communes les plus touch\u00e9es par ces d\u00e9placements sont Alafia, Ber, Gargando, Alzounoub, L\u00e9r\u00e9 et Doukouria.\n\nDans la partie Est de Tombouctou, la localit\u00e9 de Ber, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 60 km au Nord Est de la ville de Tombouctou\n\na fait face \u00e0 une escalade des tensions notamment \u00e0 cause de la forte pr\u00e9sence de la Coordination des mouve\nments de l\u2019Azawad (CMA) dans la r\u00e9gion depuis 2014.\n\n\n\nEn ao\u00fbt 2023, les populations de Ber, par peur de\n\nrepr\u00e9sailles, se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif tant\n\nvers l\u2019int\u00e9rieur que l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Afin de ras\nsurer et pr\u00e9server le calme, les autorit\u00e9s militaires\n\net politiques de la r\u00e9gion ont multipli\u00e9 les initiatives\n\nde communication et de sensibilisation afin que les\n\npopulations reviennent. \u00c0 la suite de cet appel, des\n\nretours ont \u00e9t\u00e9 amorc\u00e9s en novembre 2023.\n\nDepuis d\u00e9cembre 2023, les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et\n\npr\u00e9ventifs \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du pays (Al\ng\u00e9rie et Mauritanie), ont de nouveau repris dans la\n\nzone, \u00e0 la suite des menaces, des atteintes \u00e0 la vie et\n\ndes enl\u00e8vements des civils. En outre, les cercles de\n\nGoundam, Tonka, Niafunk\u00e9 et Dir\u00e9 ont connu une\n\nrecrudescence des enl\u00e8vements de personnes, en\n\nparticulier des leaders communautaires (M\u00e9kor\u00e9,\n\nTindirma, Fatacara et Bougoume\u00efra ).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Menace/pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s**\n\nLa menace explosive, en hausse depuis 2021, est un des risques majeurs de protection. Les populations civiles\n\nsont particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 cette menace, surtout dans les r\u00e9gions du centre (Mopti, S\u00e9gou) et du nord\n\n(Tombouctou, Kidal, Gao). Selon les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es disponibles, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus meurtri\u00e8re en ter\nmes de nombre d\u2019incidents depuis 2021. Le dernier trimestre de 2023 a enregistr\u00e9 le nombre le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019in\ncidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs (80, contre une moyenne de 30 incidents par mois). La totalit\u00e9 des incidents li\u00e9s\n\naux EEI s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 environ 179 incidents pour 2023, contre 150 incidents enregistr\u00e9s les deux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.\n\nComparativement aux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, la situation actuelle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019intensification des affronte\nments entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces arm\u00e9es r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, surtout au Nord, ce qui pourrait entrainer\n\nune augmentation des incidents li\u00e9s aux EEI ainsi qu\u2019aux REG en 2024.\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on observe une recrudescence du nombre d\u2019incidents ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9parpillement et l\u2019extension\n\nde la menace du Nord vers le Centre du pays (zones dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9es), et plus r\u00e9cemment vers le Sud. La\n\npopulation civile demeure proportionnellement tr\u00e8s affect\u00e9e par cette situation, avec une forte augmentation du\n\nnombre de victimes civiles d\u2019EEI/REG, qui repr\u00e9sente presque 45% du total des victimes (contre 25% en 2021\n\net 42% en 2022). Selon les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es d\u2019INSO, le nombre de victimes civiles est en forte augmentation,\n\navec 70 victimes civiles enregistr\u00e9es au seul dernier trimestre de 2023, contre moins de 30 victimes le trimestre\n\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Le nombre total de civils pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s impact\u00e9s par des incidents s\u00e9curitaires et en lien avec la menace\n\nexplosive est de 511 personnes (le plus haut niveau au T4 2023). EEI/REG dans les r\u00e9gions du centre \u2013 \u00e0 juillet\n\n2023 (Aper\u00e7u de la menace explosive \u2013 donn\u00e9es UNMAS, aout 2023 * _donn\u00e9es UNMAS plus disponibles depuis_\n\n_juillet 2023, donc les donn\u00e9es pourraient ne pas etre 100% precises)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Type|\u00e0 nov
2022|\u00e0 nov
2023|\n|---|---|---|\n|**EEI**|195|170**|\n|**REG**|10|4|\n|**Victmes**
**civiles (EEI)**|196|148 (\u00e0 juil-
let 2023)|\n\n\n_** Donn\u00e9es UNMAS jusqu\u2019\u00e0 juillet 2023 (110)_\n\n_+ donn\u00e9es INSO depuis juillet_\n\n### **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEntre janvier et d\u00e9cembre 2023, 15,993 incidents de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, comparativement \u00e0 14,264 cas\n\nsignal\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2022. 28 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans le cadre des mouvements mixtes. Bien que\n\ncette augmentation des cas document\u00e9s ne refl\u00e8te pas n\u00e9cessairement la situation r\u00e9elle des VBG, elle peut s\u2019ex\npliquer par le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des survivants vers les services de prise en charge.\n\nMalgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9conisation de r\u00e8glements \u00e0 l\u2019amiable par les familles, de plus en plus de survivants sont dispos\u00e9s \u00e0\n\ns\u2019enregistrer et \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux paquets de services holistiques disponibles.\n\n\nLes incidents les plus fr\u00e9quemment document\u00e9s sont les violences sexuelles, en particulier les viols qui constituent\n\n25% des cas, et les agressions sexuelles qui constituent 18%, dont 11% des cas de mutilation g\u00e9nitale f\u00e9minine. Ils\n\nsont suivis respectivement des d\u00e9nis de ressources avec 18% et des agressions physiques avec 17%. La violence\n\npsychologique repr\u00e9sente 15% des cas, tandis que le mariage forc\u00e9 compte pour 7% des cas rapport\u00e9s. En raison\n\nde la crainte de la stigmatisation et du manque de connaissance des services disponibles, notamment pour les\n\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI), il est \u00e9vident que les cas rapport\u00e9s ne refl\u00e8tent en aucun cas la situation r\u00e9elle\n\ndes Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG).\n\n\nDans le contexte de la crise malienne, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services, notamment ceux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse aux Violences Bas\u00e9es\n\nsur le Genre (VBG), repr\u00e9sente une probl\u00e9matique majeure. Selon les donn\u00e9es rapport\u00e9es par le GBVIMS, 23%\n\ndes personnes survivantes ayant besoin d\u2019assistance m\u00e9dicale n\u2019ont pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de ce service. Seulement 6%\n\ndes survivantes ont acc\u00e9d\u00e9 aux services de r\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique et scolaire, tandis que 82% n\u2019ont pas eu\n\nacc\u00e8s aux services d\u2019assistance juridique et judiciaire. Ces chiffres soulignent les lacunes criantes dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\n\nservices essentiels pour les survivantes de VBG dans ce contexte de crise [2] .\n\n\n2. Rapport Annuel GBVIMS 2023-final.pdf\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Violations contre les droits des enfants**\n\nLa port\u00e9e et la complexit\u00e9 des conflits, les d\u00e9placements et des catastrophes naturelles continuent d\u2019avoir un\n\nimpact alarmant sur les enfants au Mali. Malgr\u00e9 les contraintes de financement et d\u2019acc\u00e8s, 159,599 enfants vul\nn\u00e9rables (49 % de filles) ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019interventions en sant\u00e9 mentale et psychosociale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des partenariats\n\nefficaces et \u00e0 une bonne coordination. Ce r\u00e9sultat est en ligne avec le r\u00e9sultat de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, refl\u00e9tant des\n\nniveaux de financement stables mais insuffisants et une population relativement constante d\u2019enfants touch\u00e9s sur\n\nla p\u00e9riode de deux ans [3] .\n\n\nLe domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir les enfants affect\u00e9s par le conflit et le d\u00e9placement avec la\n\nprise en charge et/ou r\u00e9unification familiale de 2,938 enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s (39 % de filles) ainsi\n\nque des soins temporaires et/ou r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique \u00e0 596 enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes\n\narm\u00e9s (18 % de filles). L\u2019impact sur les enfants de la r\u00e9surgence du conflit dans le nord depuis ao\u00fbt 2023 est \u00e9vi\ndent, entra\u00eenant des d\u00e9placements et des s\u00e9parations familiales. Plus de 40% des 2,938 enfants affect\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nidentifi\u00e9s et assist\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions de Kidal, M\u00e9naka, Gao et Tombouctou.\n\n\nLe nombre total de EAFGA identifi\u00e9s et assist\u00e9s (596 enfants en 2023) est similaire \u00e0 celui de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.\n\nAu cours du deuxi\u00e8me semestre de 2023, on constate une diminution notable de l\u2019assistance fournie aux EAF\nGA, avec 473 enfants assist\u00e9s au premier semestre par rapport \u00e0 123 au deuxi\u00e8me semestre. Cette baisse peut\n\n\u00eatre attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs facteurs, notamment une diminution du financement en fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e et le d\u00e9part de la\n\nMINUSMA, qui a exacerb\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines zones, telles que Kidal et M\u00e9naka. Ces limitations dans\n\nles efforts de sensibilisation et l l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 de certaines zones ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 maintenir les ca\npacit\u00e9s de surveillance des violations graves et \u00e0 atteindre tous les enfants affect\u00e9s, impactant ainsi l\u2019assistance\n\nglobale fournie.\n\n\nContrairement \u00e0 2022, o\u00f9 de telles fluctuations entre les deux semestres n\u2019\u00e9taient pas aussi prononc\u00e9es, les cir\nconstances du deuxi\u00e8me semestre de 2023 ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des d\u00e9fis uniques qui ont affect\u00e9 le niveau d\u2019assistance\n\nfourni aux EAFGA.\n\n\nDans le m\u00eame sens, plus de 920 violations graves contre les enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es par le \u2018Country Task Force on\n\nMonitoring and Reporting\u2019 (CTFMR) de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023, dont plus de 200 cas v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s tardivement. Cela\n\nrepr\u00e9sente une diminution de 10 % par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2022. Les violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement\n\nv\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e0 Tombouctou, Gao et Kidal.\n\n\nLes op\u00e9rations humanitaires dans les r\u00e9gions du centre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement impact\u00e9es par l\u2019escalade de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\nattribu\u00e9e aux activit\u00e9s de groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques et aux attaques contre les civils. De plus, le d\u00e9part de la\n\n\n3. Selon la Matrice de suivi des d\u00e9placements (DTM), 206,194 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s comme d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en d\u00e9cembre 2023, contre 255,434 en d\u00e9cembre\n2022.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MINUSMA a limit\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires et exacerb\u00e9 les risques de protection de l\u2019enfance, ainsi que les m\u00e9\ncanismes de survie n\u00e9gatifs. Les facteurs de risque li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation et aux abus sexuels (SEA) et \u00e0 la violence\n\nbas\u00e9e sur le genre (GBV) restent tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans le contexte malien.\n\n### **Logement, Terre, Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et Ressources naturelles (LTP)**\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits LTP est un d\u00e9fi dans certaines r\u00e9gions directement touch\u00e9es par le conflit. Avec l\u2019augmentation\n\nde la fr\u00e9quence des d\u00e9placements au Mali, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 de multiples probl\u00e8mes,\n\nnotamment le manque d\u2019espace dans les villes et les zones rurales, les occupations irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, l\u2019h\u00e9bergement\n\ndans des espaces r\u00e9duits et sur des sites inappropri\u00e9s, la promiscuit\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans les familles d\u2019accueil des per\nsonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, la fragilit\u00e9 et la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 des abris, les expulsions forc\u00e9es, les loyers \u00e9lev\u00e9s, le manque de\n\nressources naturelles, les tensions intra et intercommunautaires, etc. Aussi, la faible connaissance des droits LTP\n\npar les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ainsi que l\u2019inexistence ou les limites du cadre de coordination des acteurs intervenant\n\nsur les questions li\u00e9es au logement, \u00e0 la terre et aux ressources naturelles, constituent un r\u00e9el frein pour la mise\n\nen \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s au LTP sont \u00e9galement exacerb\u00e9es par des facteurs tels que l\u2019absence de m\u00e9canismes\n\ncommunautaires de gestion des terres, le fonctionnement limit\u00e9 des services fonciers ruraux, l\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile aux\n\ndocuments fonciers l\u00e9gaux garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation pour la plupart des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, la faible\n\nma\u00eetrise des lois fonci\u00e8res chez les gestionnaires des terres (chefs de village, maires, responsables de l\u2019urbanisme,\n\netc.). L\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 des plans de d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9gionaux facilitant la d\u00e9limitation des terres villageoises sont\n\naussi \u00e0 l\u2019origine de conflits fonciers lors du retour des victimes, en raison de la disparition des limites des parcelles,\n\nde la perte et de la destruction des documents attestant des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n\nL\u2019analyse de la situation de protection LTP entre 2022 et 2023 reste comparativement la m\u00eame. Elle est marqu\u00e9e\n\npar cinq risques de protection auxquels les populations sont confront\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions du nord, du centre et\n\nune partie de l\u2019est du pays notamment les r\u00e9gions de Sikasso et de Koulikoro. :\n\n\n- D\u00e9possession des terres et perte des moyens de subsistance ;\n\n- Expulsions forc\u00e9es ;\n\n- Discrimination des femmes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement, \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ;\n\n- Obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base et \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique ;\n\n- D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une cohabitation tendue entre \u00e9leveurs et agriculteurs ;\n\n\nCependant, le nombre d\u2019incidents de protection LTP a augment\u00e9 au quatri\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023. Cela,\n\ns\u2019explique par la d\u00e9gradation de la situation socio-politique et s\u00e9curitaire du pays. En novembre 2023, les r\u00e9gions\n\ndu nord (M\u00e9naka et Gao) ont enregistr\u00e9 un nombre record d\u2019incidents tels que les vols de b\u00e9tail, les tensions aut\nour des ressources naturelles (points d\u2019eaux) et la menace des GANE sur les populations relatives \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\n\nchamps et aux zones de p\u00e2turages, entrainant le d\u00e9placement de celles-ci dans les zones urbaines.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Tableau comparatif des incidents LTP 2022 - 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Incidents|2022|2023|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Expulsion forc\u00e9e**|14 277 cas|14 521 cas|\n|**Vol de b\u00e9tail**|152 cas|182 cas|\n|**S\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupaton des**
**logements et parcelles agri-**
**coles**|149 032 cas|152 316 cas|\n|**Occupaton ill\u00e9gale**|257 cas|413 cas|\n|**Litge foncier**|341 cas|394 cas|\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS [4]**\n\n4. https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/situation-de-protection-inquietante-au-mali-janvier-2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Annexe**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70306a4b-c18b-47b9-ab4f-cae980a93cbd/Note%202023%20v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_507/raw/doc_507_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_507/raw/doc_507_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index db243dfe4ac05dbc80e2ee703ea52ebbc48e45c2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_507/raw/doc_507_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023**\n\n\n# **ENL\u00c8VEMENT DES FEMMES ET FILLES DANS LES**\n\n\n# **R\u00c9GIONS DU NORD ET DU CENTRE DU MALI**\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUne forte recrudescence\nd'enl\u00e8vement de filles et\nfemmes par des hommes\narm\u00e9s\n## **CE QUI EST** **NOUVEAU DANS LE** **CONTEXTE** **HUMANITAIRE :**\n\n\n\nCette note a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e par le GBVAoR et ses\nmembres en collaboration avec le Cluster Protection\net le monitoring de protection afin d\u2019informer la\ncommunaut\u00e9 humanitaire sur les risques de\nprotection auxquels les femmes et les filles sont\nexpos\u00e9es, notamment les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement. La note\nd\u00e9crit les risques et les facteurs de risques auxquels\nles femmes et les filles sont expos\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions\ndu Nord et du Centre du Mali \u00e0 travers les\ninformations collect\u00e9es par les partenaires du\nGBVIMS, le monitoring de protection et les acteurs\nintervenants dans la lutte contre les violences bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre dans ces r\u00e9gions. Elle adresse \u00e9galement\ndes recommandations aux acteurs humanitaires et\naux autorit\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire ces risques de protection.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023** **APER\u00c7U DES PRINCIPAUX RISQUES DE PROTECTION AUXQUELS LES FEMMES ET LES** **FILLES SONT EXPOS\u00c9ES :**\n\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et\nhumanitaire dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du\ncentre du Mali (M\u00e9naka, Gao Tombouctou\net Mopti) depuis plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie a\ns\u00e9rieusement affect\u00e9 les populations\nciviles et les a pouss\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements\nforc\u00e9s et/ou \u00e0 restreindre leur\nd\u00e9placement pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nli\u00e9e aux activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques (GANE), aux op\u00e9rations militaires\net aux menaces d\u2019engins explosifs. Selon\nles donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection\nde janvier 2022 \u00e0 avril 2023 49% des\nfemmes ont signal\u00e9 ne pas pouvoir circuler\nlibrement \u00e0 l\u2018int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2018ext\u00e9rieur de\nleur communaut\u00e9. Les principales raisons\nsoulign\u00e9es par les femmes pour ces\n\n\n\nDans ce contexte qui se caract\u00e9rise par la\nd\u00e9t\u00e9rioration persistante de la situation de\nprotection, les femmes et les enfants, les\npersonnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et les personnes en\nsituation de handicap continuent d\u2019\u00eatre les\nplus affect\u00e9s\nLes femmes et les filles sont victimes de\nplusieurs violations des droits humains,\nparmi lesquelles, les violences sexuelles,\nles mariages forc\u00e9s et autres formes de\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre telles que le\nd\u00e9ni de ressources, de services et\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, mais aussi d\u2019enl\u00e8vement\net l\u2019imposition des r\u00e8gles de Charia (port\nforc\u00e9 du voile islamique, privation et\nrestriction de mouvement, paiement de\nZak\u00e2t) dont le non-respect est sanctionn\u00e9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023** **EXEMPLES DE CAS D\u2019\u00c9L\u00c8VEMENTS DES FEMMES ET DES FILLES**\n\n\n\n_**Cas de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti:**_\n_A la date du vendredi 06 mai 2022, entre 06 heures et 08_\n_heures du matin, trente femmes et deux filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9_\n_enlev\u00e9es_ _par_ _des_ _individus_ _arm\u00e9s_ _non_ _\u00e9tatiques_\n_(pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux) dans le village de Ti\u00e8corobougou,_\n_commune de Femaye, cercle de Djenne dans la r\u00e9gion de_\n_Mopti alors que celles-ci se rendaient dans les bois_\n_chercher du bois de chauffe. Ces femmes et filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9_\n_rel\u00e2ch\u00e9es apr\u00e8s quelques heures de s\u00e9questration._\n_Le m\u00eame mois, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 qu\u2019une vingtaine de_\n_femmes de la commune de Sio ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par les_\n_groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux) dans_\n_la brousse non loin du village de Sarre-Beydari, situ\u00e9 \u00e0_\n_15km \u00e0 l\u2019est du village de Soufouroulaye (chef-lieu de la_\n_commune Soye)._\n\n\n\n_**Cas de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka :**_\n_Le 29 avril 2023, en matin\u00e9e, 20 femmes se trouvant dans un v\u00e9hicule de_\n_transport ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par des groupes arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux. Ces_\n_derniers_ _leur_ _reprochaient_ _d\u2019\u00eatre_ _accompagn\u00e9es_ _d\u2019un_ _homme_\n_\u00e9tranger(chauffeur) sans \u00eatre l\u2019un de leurs proches en conformit\u00e9 avec les_\n_pr\u00e9tendus pr\u00e9ceptes chara\u2019iques qu\u2019ils d\u00e9fendent._\n_Apr\u00e8s des longues heures de n\u00e9gociation entre le chauffeur et les_\n_membres du groupe arm\u00e9, ces femmes ont pu \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9es mais sous_\n_condition de paiement de ran\u00e7on par les familles. En raison du non-_\n_respect du d\u00e9lai de paiement, le chauffeur fut enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 M\u00e9naka ville par_\n_des hommes arm\u00e9s et retrouv\u00e9 mort. La situation \u00e0 M\u00e9naka devient de_\n_plus en critique en affectant \u00e9galement les sites accueillant les personnes_\n_d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ne sont non plus a par cette_\n_violence. Ainsi, dans la nuit du 7 au 8 mai entre 23h et minuit deux jeunes_\n_femmes, une c\u00e9libataire et l\u2019autre mari\u00e9e, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par des_\n_hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. L\u2019une d\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e et la seconde_\n_agress\u00e9e physiquement mais a pu \u00eatre sauv\u00e9e par un voisin. Cette action_\n_s\u2019est pass\u00e9e devant les parents sous la menace._\n\n\n### **2. ZONES ET ACTIVIT\u00c9S LES PLUS \u00c0 RISQUE POUR LES FEMMES ET LES FILLES :**\n\nDe janvier 2022 \u00e0 avril 2023,70% des\nfemmes interrog\u00e9es ont soulign\u00e9\nl\u2019existence des endroits dans leur\ncommunaut\u00e9 o\u00f9 elles ne se sentent pas\nen s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit principalement de\nlieux \u00e9loign\u00e9s des lieux de vie de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 notamment en allant aux\nchamps, \u00e0 la collecte du bois de chauffe\net aux march\u00e9s etc.. En effet, les acteurs\nVBG sur le terrain ont soulign\u00e9 que les\nfemmes survivantes ou victimes de\ns\u00e9questrations sont enlev\u00e9es dans les\naires de ramassage de bois de chauffe\nmais \u00e9galement sur les routes\nemprunt\u00e9es vers certains points d\u2019eau\n\u00e9loign\u00e9s des sites et des foires (march\u00e9s\nhebdomadaires). Cependant, plusieurs\nincidents continuent \u00e9galement de se\nproduire dans les villes et au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023**\n\n\n\nLes voix des femmes et filles survivantes\nde VBG sont rarement entendues. Leur\nsituation reste souvent non divulgu\u00e9e\npar tabou pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019honneur des\nfamilles. Elles restent entour\u00e9es d'une\nculture de silence par pudeur, par peur\nde ne pas d\u00e9shonorer la famille, par peur\nde la stigmatisation et des repr\u00e9sailles\ndes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs. Ces femmes et\nfilles survivantes souffrent toute leur vie\ndes cons\u00e9quences de ces actes,\nsp\u00e9cialement sur leur sant\u00e9 sexuelle et\nreproductive, y compris les grossesses\nforc\u00e9es et non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, des enfants issus\nde viol, les avortements, les infections\nsexuellement transmissibles, y compris le\nVIH. Certaines de ces femmes,\nlorsqu\u2019elles sont identifi\u00e9es comme\ntelles, sont rejet\u00e9es par leur\ncommunaut\u00e9 et sont par la suite souvent\ncontraintes de recourir au sexe\ntransactionnel/de survie pour couvrir\nleurs besoins vitaux en plus d\u2019\u00eatre des\nproies ais\u00e9es pour les r\u00e9seaux de\nprostitution. Les traumatismes\npsychologiques sont d\u2019autres\ncons\u00e9quences sanitaires que portent les\nsurvivantes de ces violences sexuelles.\nElles sont expos\u00e9es au risque de stress\npost-traumatique, la d\u00e9tresse\npsychologique, auquel il peut \u00eatre\ndifficile de r\u00e9pondre en raison de\nservices d\u2019assistance psychologique\nlimit\u00e9s, ou parce que le recours \u00e0 un\npsychologue continue de souffrir de\nperception n\u00e9gative dans certaines\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Enfin, de telles situations\nplacent souvent les survivantes dans des\npositions de non-retour, les poussant par\nd\u00e9faut vers la radicalisation comme seul\nmoyen de pouvoir rester en vie.\n\n\n\nLa non-assistance des survivantes est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la\ndifficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de prise en\ncharge. Aussi, les acteurs de prise en charge\nont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 ces localit\u00e9s en\nraison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de l\u2019absence des\nservices de prise en charge, y compris les\nstructures de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Parmi les femmes\ninterrog\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection\nqui pensent que les survivantes n\u2019ont pas\nacc\u00e8s aux services dont elles ont besoin, 45%\ndes femmes pensent que ces limitations\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019inexistence et/ou la\nm\u00e9connaissance de ces services, mais aussi \u00e0\nla distance g\u00e9ographique existant entre les\nservices et les lieux de vie des survivants(es).\nAinsi, la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes dans\nces localit\u00e9s aux services de sant\u00e9, aux\njuridictions peut en partie s\u2019expliquer par\nl\u2019absence de routes praticables, des longues\ndistances \u00e0 parcourir et du banditisme sur les\nvoies, y compris fluviales.\nPar manque de services essentiels des soins\nde sant\u00e9 y compris les services de sant\u00e9\nsexuelle et reproductive, elles sont expos\u00e9es\naux risques de grossesse non planifi\u00e9e, de\nmortalit\u00e9, de morbidit\u00e9 maternelle, et de\nl\u00e9sions graves affectant leurs organes sexuels\net reproducteurs telles que les fistules\nobst\u00e9tricales pouvant l\u00e0 encore conduire \u00e0\nleur ostracisation.\nEntre Janvier \u00e0 mai 2023, 1527 incidents de\nviolence sexuelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 par le\nGBVIMS, dont 6% soit 92 incidents sont des cas\nde violences sexuelles li\u00e9s au conflit. Parmi\nces 92 incidents, 28 cas ont fait l\u2019objet\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement par des acteurs arm\u00e9.\n\n\n### **3. ACC\u00c8S DES FEMMES ET DES FILLES AUX**\n\n\n### **SERVICES DE PRISE EN CHARGE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La r\u00e9ponse juridique et judiciaire \u00e0 de\ntelles situations restent probl\u00e9matiques.\nLes communaut\u00e9s continuent de recourir \u00e0\nla justice traditionnelle en raison du poids\nde certains leaders communautaires et\nreligieux mais \u00e9galement en raison de la\ncrainte de repr\u00e9sailles par certains\ngroupes arm\u00e9s hostiles \u00e0 tout recours aux\nservices \u00e9tatiques. Enfin, dans certaines\nzones, \u00e0 l'instar de M\u00e9naka ou de\nTaoudeni, les juridictions ainsi que les\nautres services de l'Etat ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9localis\u00e9s en raison d'un nombre\ninsuffisant d'agents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour\nassurer la protection des services et\ndomiciles des fonctionnaires de l'Etat en\nparticulier des magistrats et de leurs\nd\u00e9pendants. 63% des femmes interrog\u00e9es\npensent que les institutions judiciaires ne\nsont pas fonctionnelles dans leurs\ncommunaut\u00e9s contre 30% qui pensent le\ncontraire. Parmi ces 30%, 45,5% se\nr\u00e9f\u00e8rent \u00e0 l'efficacit\u00e9 des tribunaux\ncoutumiers sans pour autant se prononcer\nsur le fait de savoir si elles se sentent\nprot\u00e9g\u00e9es dans leurs droits.\n\n\n### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023**\n\n_Les acteurs de protection, en particulier ceux_\n_du domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 violence bas\u00e9e_\n_sur le genre (GBV-AoR), sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s_\n_par_ _ces_ _tendances_ _alarmantes_\n_d\u2019enl\u00e8vements des femmes et des filles et_\n_leurs cons\u00e9quences sur leur bien \u00eatre dans_\n_les r\u00e9gions du Nord et du Centre (M\u00e9naka,_\n_Tombouctou et Mopti). Le silence autour de_\n_ces actes de violences, l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des_\n_auteurs,_ _les_ _pressions_ _sociales_ _et_ _les_\n_pesanteurs socio culturelles demeurent des_\n_probl\u00e8mes_ _structurels_ _de_ _protection_ _\u00e0_\n_adresser par les acteurs pour mettre fin aux_\n_violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023**\n\n\n### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Note de plaidoyer Juin 2023** **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n## **AUX ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES :**\n\n\n### 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.\n\n\n### S\u2019assurer que les survivantes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une assistance effective et d\u2019un suivi ad\u00e9quat de la part des acteurs humanitaires pr\u00e9sents dans la zone. Que cette assistance se fasse de mani\u00e8re coordonn\u00e9e, dans le respect des principes de confidentialit\u00e9, de non-discrimination et \u00ab ne pas nuire \u00bb Renforcer les efforts des acteurs de Protection dans l'identification, la sensibilisation et le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des femmes et filles vers les services disponibles. Encourager des actions de sensibilisation et d\u2019information continues sur le droit international humanitaire et les droits de l\u2019homme au profit des acteurs arm\u00e9s et des populations ; Renforcer les actions de sensibilisation sur la pr\u00e9vention des VBG et les services disponibles en faveurs des personnes survivantes des VBG et sur les risques d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et des filles. Ces sensibilisations doivent \u00eatre faites aupr\u00e8s des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, mais \u00e9galement sur les sites de PDI et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Identifier des zones o\u00f9 le risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et des enfants est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour mener des actions pr\u00e9ventives et de mitigation des risques en engageant tous les secteurs (ex : limiter les mouvements des femmes dans certaines zones notamment dans le cadre de la collecte du bois de chauffe, s\u00e9curiser les zones d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau, etc). Renforcer la r\u00e9ponse psychosociale et psychologique aux personnes survivantes des VBG y compris les femmes et filles survivantes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et \u00e0 risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Renforcer l\u2019offre de services \u00e0 travers les cliniques mobiles pour la prise en charge holistique des cas de VBG\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Maison Commune des Nations Unies Immeuble MAGANE, Rue 39**\n\n**Badalabougou Est, Lot N \u00b0 2704, 3\u00e8me Etage Bamako - Mali**\n\n\n**Email: mali.office@unfpa.org**\n\n**Site web: https://mali.unfpa.org/**\n\n**Facebook: @UNFPAMALI**\n\n**Twitter: @unfpa_mali**\n\n**Instagram: unfpa.mali**\n\n**YouTube: @unfpamali**\n\n**Tel : +223 44 97 62 00**\n\n\n**C O N T A C T E Z - N O U S**\n\n\nGBVIMS /Coordinateur A.I Sous-Cluster VBG: yalcouye@unfpa.org ; Coordinatrice Humanitaire UNFPA: bodas@unfpa.org ; Coordinatrice principale\n\n[Protection UNHCR: amirat@unhcr.org; Programme National pour l'abandon des Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (PNVBG), saga_anaye@yahoo.fr.](mailto:saga_anaye@yahoo.fr)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/931ba987-1259-4fad-9137-1c4a799b50af/Note%20de%20plaidoyer-%20Enle%20vements%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20les%20re%20gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20du%20Centre%20du%20Mali%20%28Mopti%2C%20Me%20naka%20et%20Tombouctou-Juin%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_508/raw/doc_508_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_508/raw/doc_508_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b2aa8bb665af400e25d285729e90c01f62d0caa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_508/raw/doc_508_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**NOTE DE PLAIDOYER SUR L\u2019ENLEVEMENT DES FEMMES ET FILLES DANS LA REGION DE**\n\n**DIFFA**\n\n\n_Juillet 2019_\n\n\n**Contexte**\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de la crise dans le bassin du lac Tchad, la r\u00e9gion de Diffa est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des\nmouvements acycliques et forc\u00e9s de populations fuyant l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux activit\u00e9s de\nBoko Haram.\n\n\nCes cinq mois pass\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s mouvement\u00e9 par la reprise des activit\u00e9s des GANE qui ont\noccasionn\u00e9 le mouvement des populations vers les sites d\u2019Awaridi, Kindjandi, Gorodi,\nBoudouri et Sabon Carr\u00e9 ainsi que certains autres sites.\n\n\nEn plus de 252 000 personnes en \u00e9tat de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 depuis des ann\u00e9es, la DREC a publi\u00e9 le\n\n7 juin 2019, les chiffres des nouveaux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 28041 personnes dont 13326\nhommes et 14715 femmes.\n\n\nA ces d\u00e9placements des personnes, il faut ajouter plusieurs cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement affectant les\ncivils et en particulier les femmes et les filles.\n\n\nPendant ce mois en cours, trente-huit **(38)** femmes et filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es et amen\u00e9es\ndans des lieux inconnus.\n\n\nLes acteurs du sous- groupe de travail de Violence Bas\u00e9e sur le Genre (SGT-VBG) sont tr\u00e8s\npr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par ces tendances alarmantes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et des filles dans la\nr\u00e9gion des Diffa pendant ce mois de juillet.\n\n\n**Pourquoi sommes-nous alert\u00e9s ?**\n\n\nL\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et filles alerte les acteurs non seulement que c\u2019est une question\nde protection mais aussi le but ultime de ces ravisseurs n\u2019\u00e9tant pas connus et vu que ces\nderni\u00e8res vont demeurer des victimes invisibles auxquelles les acteurs ne peuvent pas\nacc\u00e9der.\n\n\nConstituant des victimes invisibles, il n\u2019existe actuellement aucun syst\u00e8me unifi\u00e9 permettant\nd\u2019\u00e9valuer et r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des femmes et filles en captivit\u00e9. L\u2019horreur subie par ces\nfemmes et jeunes filles de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa aux mains de GANE donne un \u00e9clairage nouveau\nsur les mauvaises intentions qu\u2019a ce groupe.\n\n\n**Services disponibles**\n\n\nPour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette situation, le sous-groupe de travail VBG, dans son plan de r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa 2019 a estim\u00e9 124558 personnes en besoin de\nprotection contre les risques des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre \u00e0 travers deux axes principaux\ndont :\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s et la qualit\u00e9 des services aux personnes survivantes des violences\nsexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le Genre y compris l\u2019Exploitation et Abus Sexuels\n\n - Assurer une participation et un acc\u00e8s inclusifs de toutes les composantes des\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es hommes, femmes, gar\u00e7ons, filles/adolescentes et personnes\n\u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques dans la pr\u00e9vention et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services violence bas\u00e9e sur\nle genre G y compris l\u2019Exploitation et les abus sexuels\n\n\n**Chronologie d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et filles du 1** **[er]** **juin au 23 juillet 2019**\n\n\n - Dans la nuit du 02 au 03/07/2019, des insurg\u00e9s de l\u2019organisation boko haram ont\n\nenlev\u00e9 douze(12) personnes dont **06** femmes, **04** jeunes filles et 02 jeunes\ngar\u00e7ons dans la localit\u00e9 de Kolomanga situ\u00e9e \u00e0 11 km au sud de la commune de\nKablewa (d\u00e9partement de Nguigmi).\n\n - Dans la nuit 04 au 05 juillet 2019, \u00e0 Bosso, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du GANE ont men\u00e9 une\nincursion, enlevant **1** fille autochtone et \u00e9l\u00e8ve. Parmi les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du GANE, un insurg\u00e9\noriginaire de Gamgara, qui s\u2019\u00e9tait rendu il y a peu aux autorit\u00e9s de Bosso et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9 par la suite;\n\n - Dans la nuit 15 au 16 juillet 2019, \u00e0 Kilbouwa, dans la commune de **Bosso,** des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\ndu GANE ont men\u00e9 une incursion, enlevant **3** femmes de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e.\n\n - Dans la nuit du 17 au 18 juillet 2019, \u00e0 Elhdji Menari, dans la commune de Gueskerou,\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s suspect\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre membres du GANE ont men\u00e9 une incursion, tuant\nune personne puis enlevant deux **(02)** jeunes filles.\n\n - Dans la nuit 19 au 20 juillet 2019, \u00e0 Kessa Bassa, commune de Bosso, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du\nGANE ont men\u00e9 une incursion, enlevant **(6** ) femmes **et 3** jeunes filles.\n\n - Dans la nuit 19 au 20 juillet 2019, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du GANE ont men\u00e9 une incursion \u00e0 Bandi\ncommune de Bosso o\u00f9 ils ont enlev\u00e9 une **(1)** fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e de 13 ans.\n\n - Le 21/07/2019, huit( **08** ) femmes et le chef du village enlev\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9\n\nd\u2019Ala-Ngari ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s par leurs ravisseurs (\u00e9l\u00e9ments de boko haram)\ncons\u00e9cutivement au paiement d\u2019une ran\u00e7on de 7.000.000 de Nairas. Deux autres\nfemmes restent toujours en captivit\u00e9.\n\n - Dans la nuit du 22 au 23/07/2019, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s insurg\u00e9s ont men\u00e9 une incursion\n\ndans le village de Tcholori (commune de Main\u00e9-Soroa) o\u00f9 ils ont kidnapp\u00e9\ntrois(03) enfants mineurs dont **02** fillettes et 01 gar\u00e7on.\n\n - Dans la nuit 19 au 20 juillet 2019, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du GANE ont men\u00e9 une incursion \u00e0 Bandi\ncommune de Bosso o\u00f9 ils ont enlev\u00e9 une **(1)** fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e de 13 ans.\n\n - Dans la nuit 22 au 23 juillet 2019, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suspect\u00e9s \u00eatre membres du GANE ont\nmen\u00e9 une incursion \u00e0 Tcholori o\u00f9 ils ont enlev\u00e9 une **(1)** fille \u00e2g\u00e9e de 10 ans et deux\ngar\u00e7ons dont l\u2019\u00e2ge varie de 8 \u00e0 12 ans.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Histoire \u00e9mouvante**\n\n\n**Textes l\u00e9gaux sur la situation des femmes pendant la p\u00e9riode de conflit et**\n**Recommandations du Sous-Groupe Travail VBG**\n\n\n - vu la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur l'\u00e9limination de la violence \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des\nfemmes, du 20 d\u00e9cembre 1993, et la Convention des Nations unies relative aux droits\nde l'enfant, du 20 novembre 1989,\n\n\n - vu la Convention sur l'\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de discrimination \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des\n\nfemmes (CEDAW), adopt\u00e9e en 1979 par l'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies, et son\nprotocole facultatif,\n\n\n - vu la Convention des Nations unies contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels,\n\ninhumains ou d\u00e9gradants, du 10 d\u00e9cembre 1984, et la D\u00e9claration 3318 de l'Assembl\u00e9e\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies sur la protection des femmes et des enfants en p\u00e9riode\nd'urgence et de conflit arm\u00e9, du 14 d\u00e9cembre 1974, en particulier son paragraphe 4, en\nvertu duquel des mesures efficaces doivent \u00eatre adopt\u00e9es pour interdire les pers\u00e9cutions,\nles tortures, les mesures punitives, les violences et les traitements d\u00e9gradants appliqu\u00e9s\naux femmes,\n\n\n - vu la r\u00e9solution 1265 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies sur la protection des civils\n\nau cours de conflits arm\u00e9s, du 17 septembre 1999, en particulier son paragraphe 14, aux\ntermes duquel le personnel des Nations unies engag\u00e9 dans les activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9tablissement,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de maintien et de consolidation de la paix recevra une formation appropri\u00e9e, notamment\nen ce qui concerne les droits de l'homme, y compris les dispositions touchant les\nsexosp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s,\n\n\n- vu la r\u00e9solution 3519 de l'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies sur la participation des\n\nfemmes au renforcement de la paix et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales, du\n15 d\u00e9cembre 1975, la D\u00e9claration 3763 de la m\u00eame Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur la\nparticipation des femmes aux actions en faveur de la paix et de la coop\u00e9ration\ninternationale, du 3 d\u00e9cembre 1982, en particulier son paragraphe 12, relatif aux mesures\nconcr\u00e8tes \u00e0 adopter pour renforcer la participation des femmes aux efforts de paix,\n\n\n- vu la d\u00e9claration et la plate-forme d'action de Beijing r\u00e9sultant de la quatri\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence\n\nmondiale des Nations unies sur les femmes, tenue du 4 au 15 septembre 1995, en\nparticulier la section E sur les femmes et les conflits arm\u00e9s, domaine critique, et le\ndocument adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 l'issue de la session sp\u00e9ciale des Nations unies Beijing +5 et Beijing\n+10 sur de nouvelles actions et initiatives destin\u00e9es \u00e0 mettre en application la d\u00e9claration\net la plate-forme d'action de Beijing, tenue du 5 au 9 juin 2000, en particulier le\nparagraphe 13, relatif aux obstacles \u00e0 l'\u00e9gale participation des femmes aux efforts de\nr\u00e9tablissement de la paix, ainsi que le paragraphe 124, sur une \u00e9gale pr\u00e9sence des\nhommes et des femmes dans les missions de maintien de la paix et les n\u00e9gociations de\npaix,\n\n\n- vu le Statut de Rome cr\u00e9ant la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, adopt\u00e9 en 1998, en particulier\n\nses articles 7 et 8, qui qualifient le viol, l'esclavage sexuel, la prostitution forc\u00e9e, la\ngrossesse forc\u00e9e, la st\u00e9rilisation forc\u00e9e et toute autre forme de violence sexuelle de crimes\ncontre l'humanit\u00e9 et de crimes de guerre, les assimilant \u00e9galement \u00e0 une forme de torture\net \u00e0 un crime de guerre grave, et ce, que ces actes soient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re\nsyst\u00e9matique ou non, lors de conflits internationaux ou de conflits internes,\n\n\n- vu les conventions de Gen\u00e8ve de 1949 et leurs protocoles additionnels de 1977, aux\n\ntermes desquels les femmes sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre le viol et toute autre forme de violence\nsexuelle,\n\n\n- vu la r\u00e9solution 1385 (2004) et la recommandation 1665 (2004) de l'Assembl\u00e9e\n\nparlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe intitul\u00e9es \"Pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e8glement des conflits: le\nr\u00f4le des femmes\", adopt\u00e9es toutes deux le 23 juin 2004,\n\n\n- vu la r\u00e9solution adopt\u00e9e lors de la cinqui\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence minist\u00e9rielle europ\u00e9enne sur\n\nl'\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les femmes et les hommes qui s'est tenue les 22 et 23 janvier 2003, \u00e0\nSkopje, intitul\u00e9e \"Le r\u00f4le des femmes et des hommes dans la pr\u00e9vention des conflits, la\nconsolidation de la paix et les processus d\u00e9mocratiques apr\u00e8s les conflits \u2013 une\nperspective de genre (gender perspective)\",\n\n\n- vu la d\u00e9claration sur \"L'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes: une question essentielle dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en\n\nmutation\" et le programme d'action y ayant trait, adopt\u00e9s lors de la cinqui\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence\nminist\u00e9rielle europ\u00e9enne pr\u00e9cit\u00e9e,\n\n\n- vu la d\u00e9cision n\u00b0 14/04 adopt\u00e9e le 7 d\u00e9cembre 2004 par le Conseil minist\u00e9riel de l'OSCE,\n\n\u00e0 Sofia, sur le Plan d'action de l'OSCE 2004 pour la promotion de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les sexes,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- vu la d\u00e9cision n\u00b0 14/05 adopt\u00e9e le 6 d\u00e9cembre 2005 par le Conseil minist\u00e9riel de l'OSCE,\n\n\u00e0 Ljubljana, sur les femmes dans la pr\u00e9vention des conflits, la gestion des crises et le\nrel\u00e8vement apr\u00e8s un conflit,\n\n\n- vu la recommandation (2002) 5 du Comit\u00e9 des ministres du Conseil de l'Europe aux \u00c9tats\n\nmembres sur la protection des femmes contre la violence, notamment en ce qui concerne\nla violence dans les phases de conflit et post-conflit,\n\n\n- vu le \"document op\u00e9rationnel\" sur la mise en \u0153uvre de la r\u00e9solution 1325 du Conseil de\n\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies dans le cadre de la PESD, tel qu'adopt\u00e9 par le Conseil en\nseptembre 2005,\n\n\n- vu l'article 45 de son r\u00e8glement,\n\n\n- vu le rapport de la commission des droits de la femme et de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des genres et les avis\n\nde la commission des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et de la commission du d\u00e9veloppement (A60159/2006),\n\n\nA. Consid\u00e9rant qu'en p\u00e9riode de conflit, les civiles et en particulier des femmes et des enfants\n\nsont victimes de nombreux s\u00e9vices, y compris sexuels,\n\n\nB. Consid\u00e9rant que, tr\u00e8s souvent, la violence exerc\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des femmes dans les conflits\n\narm\u00e9s non seulement entra\u00eene une maltraitance physique et/ou sexuelle, mais porte\n\u00e9galement atteinte \u00e0 leurs droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels,\n\n\nC. Consid\u00e9rant que les causes plus profondes de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes en situation de\n\nconflit r\u00e9sident souvent dans une sous-estimation sociale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la femme et dans\nleur acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 notamment \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et \u00e0 l'emploi et que, par cons\u00e9quent,\nl'\u00e9mancipation de la femme est une condition sine qua non de la lutte contre la violence\nsexosp\u00e9cifique dans les conflits arm\u00e9s,\n\n\nD. Consid\u00e9rant que les viols et les s\u00e9vices sexuels sont utilis\u00e9s comme arme de guerre pour\n\nhumilier et affaiblir psychologiquement l'adversaire, mais que les victimes de ces\npratiques sont souvent stigmatis\u00e9es, rejet\u00e9es, maltrait\u00e9es voire parfois tu\u00e9es pour que la\ncommunaut\u00e9 recouvre son honneur,\n\n\nE. Soulignant le chiffre alertant d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des femmes et des filles \u00e0 ce mois de juillet ;\n\n\nF. Consid\u00e9rant que les femmes et filles en captivit\u00e9 courent des risques \u00e9normes des violences\n\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre ;\n\n\nG. Consid\u00e9rant la limite du sous-groupe de travail dans la pr\u00e9vention et la lutte contre les\n\nenl\u00e8vements de sa cible ;\n\n\nH. Consid\u00e9rant que la s\u00e9curisation des personnes et leurs biens reviennent \u00e0 l\u2019Etat ;\n\n\nJ. Le sous-groupe de travail VBG-DIFFA recommande :\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Recommandations|Responsable|\n|---|---|\n|1. Faire des plaidoyers aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques afin
de renforcer les dispositifs s\u00e9curitaires dans la r\u00e9gion
de Diffa|Coordination
Humanitaire|\n|2. Intensifier le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs de fonds
pour le financement de la pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse aux
violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (pour mitiger les risques
des VBG et prendre en charge les personnes
survivantes des VBG y compris les femmes et filles
survivantes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement)
|Coordination
humanitaire|\n|3. Renforcer la r\u00e9ponse psychosociale et psychologique
aux personnes survivantes des VBG y compris les
femmes et filles survivantes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement)
|Sous-Groupe de Travail
VBG|\n|4. Mener des sensibilisations sur la pr\u00e9vention des VBG
et les services disponibles en faveurs des personnes
survivantes des VBG
|Sous-groupe de Travail
VBG|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e971d9e9-5b11-34c4-a8e5-133f2517a149/Note%20de%20plaidoyer%20sur%20l%E2%80%99enlevement%20des%20femmes%20et%20filles%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion%20de%20Diffa%20%28juillet%202019%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_509/raw/doc_509_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_509/raw/doc_509_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e017b1f7b2e979554b02b78b4fbb4e80cccd5822..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_509/raw/doc_509_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR / Nov 2023 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 November 2023\n\n\nOverview\n\nBy 30 November 2023, Southern Africa region hosts **9.9 million forcibly displaced populations** . This\nincludes 797,500 refugees, 187,600 asylum-seekers, 33,700 others of concern, and 6.9 million internally\ndisplaced populations (IDPs) who moved as a result of conflicts. To that figures, 1,800 refugees and 2\nmillion IDPs were announced to be returned during the reporting period. In addition, 1 million IDPs have\nalso moved owing to climate change and disaster. An increase by 271,000 individuals among the IDPs\nwere noticed as from October 2023. It should be noted that the Democratic Republic of Congo hosts **83**\n**per cent** of the above-mentioned populations.\n\nOutcomes of the Results Monitoring Surveys for Refugees and IDPs\n\n\nMost of the socio-economic data emanating from census, surveys, and governments sources do not include\nRefugees and Asylum seekers, except ROC [1] and South Africa. Zambia and Malawi plan to include refugees\nin national surveys. For the region, one third of socio-economic data has been completed in ProGr\u00e8s. The\nResults Monitoring Surveys (RMS) provide numerical data on the living conditions of Refugees and asylum\nseekers and include some indicators on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Few RMS indicators\ncover health, shelter, financial services, land and property.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 1: Selected indicators from the results monitoring surveys for refugees and asylum seekers 2022.\n\nAccess to health is high, except for Zambia with 24% of access rate as illustrated in the chart. Access to\nadequate and reasonable priced dwellings remains the biggest challenge for refugees and asylum seekers\nacross the region, except in South Africa with a rate standing at 43%. Access to financial services is\nrelatively better, but low in DRC (13%). Refugees and asylum seekers with secure access to land and\nproperty are few, except in the ROC (27%) and South Africa (35%). Zimbabwe recently completed its\nRMS and Angola is in the preparatory stage.\n\nThe outcomes of the RMS for IDPs demonstrated that access to health services is higher in Mozambigue\n\n(82%), while only 5% of them are living in adequate dwellings, 6% have access to financial services and\n\n9% secure land and other properties. As regards to the DRC where socio-economic surveys outlining the\n\nliving conditions of IDPs was conducted in some provinces, less than 1% live in adequate shelter, while\n\n15% have access to financial services.\n\n\n1 ROC (Republic of Congo), DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). RMS data: (https://ridl.unhcr.org/dataset/?q=RMS&page=2)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Results Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.5787075757980347, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RMS", - "confidence": 0.9884710311889648, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6818267107009888, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and Asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9428941011428833, - "start": 175, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RMS", - "confidence": 0.8686712384223938, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6737060546875, - "start": 312, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic surveys", - "confidence": 0.8348003029823303, - "start": 448, - "end": 450 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5013588070869446, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9314605593681335, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "living conditions of IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5182859897613525, - "start": 452, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.5015230178833008, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9753227829933167, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 30 November 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**520,573** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (259,058), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n- IDP figures in DRC are as of 31 October 2023 ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 30 November 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 November 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES*\n\n3,113 1,238 849 1,026\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 25 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 37)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 396)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 323)**\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 36)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**SSD**\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**SOM**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n\n**1135**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**740**\n\n\n**638**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**217**\n\n\n**153**\n\n\n\n\n|COD 671
UGA 623
ZWE 377
ZMB 264
MWI 242|ZMB
COD 52
UGA 326
ZAF 271
MOZ 239|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**671**
**623**
**377**
**264**
**242**
**COD**
**UGA**
**ZWE**
**ZMB**
**MWI**|**52**
**326**
**271**
**239**
**ZMB**
**COD**
**UGA**
**ZAF**
**MOZ**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements
Intra region
24% movements
Outward 48%
movements
27%
shown are restricted only to movements of a minimum group pe
sylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of o|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
3,113
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flow**s**
country of a
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
3,113
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flow**s**
country of a
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases**\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 November 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 15 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\nContry of Origin Country of Asylum Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR PRIMES", - "confidence": 0.9565944075584412, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.7655189037322998, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.709700882434845, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.7645108699798584, - "start": 26, - "end": 29 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES**\n\n\nAs of 30 November 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF = Refugee ASY = Asylum seeker Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 30 November 2023*** - \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: The figures are subject to change; *IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; the numbers in Nzakara, Wenze and Sidi in DRC are as of 31 May 2023; ***self-settled refers to\nthe individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "State of asylum system in Southern Africa region \u2013 November 2023\n\nAll the 16 States within the Southern Africa region adhered to the 1969 OAU Convention governing the\nspecific situation of Refugee in Africa, while 14 ratified the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention, except\nComoros and Mauritius. 11 States made reservations to the 1951 Convention, restricting access to rights\ncorrelated to sources of incomes (self/employment), public education, and freedom of movement.\n\nIn 2023, 31 cases of refoulement were reported in the region, as well as 1,713 of detention cases. Two\nStates suspended the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) procedures, whereas other States face a huge\nbacklog with asylum seekers recorded at 290,298 individuals as of 2022.\n\nSecondary movements of asylum seekers and refugees have been recorded in the region, with 3,113 cases\nfrom January to November 2023, with a cumulative figure of 15,300 individuals since 2017. To understand\nthe dynamics behind secondary movements in the Southern Africa region, UNHCR consulted with the Mixed\nMigration Centre (MMC) to initiate research, focusing on the drivers and the protection risks faced by\nrefugees and asylum seekers during mixed and onward movements.\n\nOver the 16 pledges made at the 2019 GRF by States, academics, private sector and others in the region to\nimprove asylum system, South Africa has fulfilled two of its pledges and the Kingdom of Eswatini has fulfilled\nits pledge. 3 States (Lesotho, Zimbabwe and RoC) made pledges during the 2023 GRF to improve their\nasylum systems. The pledges focus respectively on the strengthening of the national legal framework, RSD\nand data management and a national strategy.\n\nDRC developed a simplified RSD procedure, while the Kingdom of Eswatini has re-activated the RSD\nprocedures. As from August 2023, Angola resumed the verification of refugees and asylum seekers following\nthe suspension in 2015. Partnership with the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) led to the\ndevelopment in 2022 of a roadmap (2022-2023) to enhance the national asylum systems. As a result, 182\neligibility officers, including 130 government civil servants, were trained on RSD. A SADC Regional Migration\nPolicy Framework (2022-2030) adopted in 2023 will guide the management of mixed and onwards\nmovements within the region.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e42a7aea-b961-4ece-a6dd-6bb142aa8430/Nov%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_51/raw/doc_51_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_51/raw/doc_51_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 67ca948e4fe50dab6e5407e209846e92b7443067..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_51/raw/doc_51_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n# **Lebanon Response Plan 2025**\n\n## **Chapter: Returns**\n\n\n**1. Introduction**\n\nSince 2011, Lebanon has witnessed a significant influx of displaced Syrians as a direct\nconsequence of the protracted Syria crisis. Host to an estimated 1.4 million Syrians and 27,000\nPalestinian Refugees from Syria (PRS), Lebanon is the country hosting the highest number of\ndisplaced persons per capita globally. The large magnitude and extended duration of this\ndisplacement have exerted considerable pressure on the nation\u2019s resources, public services,\ninfrastructure, and environment, while at times exacerbating social tensions and intensifying\npolitical discourse.\n\nWhile returns have been limited in previous years, recent political developments - most notably\nthe fall of the Syrian regime on 8 December 2024 and the lifting of sanctions on Syria - mark a\nfundamental turning point in the protracted Syrian displacement crisis. This changing landscape\npresents a crucial and timely opportunity to advance coordinated and principled efforts aimed at\nfacilitating the safe, dignified, and sustainable return. Hence, the Government of Lebanon and\nthe international community have prepared a \u201cReturn Plan\u201d (RP) to support safe, dignified,\ninformed, and sustainable returns, while upholding the international principles and safeguarding\nthe rights and dignity of returnees. International support for the implementation of the RP is\npremised on adherence to international standards on return [1] .\n\nThe RP is designed to uphold full respect for human rights and safeguard national sovereignty. It\naligns with the Lebanese Constitution, the State\u2019s paramount interests, and international\nstandards. These efforts are pursued within the comprehensive framework of the Lebanon\nResponse Plan (LRP) that includes inclusive engagement with all relevant stakeholders. The\nprinciple of burden-sharing is essential to fully resolve the Syrian displacement issue, as it helps\naddress protection concerns. Furthermore, it contributes to the gradual refinement of returnee\ndata and strengthens border governance in line with international protection standards. It should\nbe noted as well that while return will remain a central option, resettlement will continue to be\nconsidered as an option for specific categories.\n\nAccording to the latest Return Perceptions and Intentions Survey (RPIS) conducted by UNHCR at\n\nthe regional level including Lebanon in January 2025, 24 per cent of displaced Syrians and 19 per\ncent of PRS intend to return within 12 months. As of March 2025, more than 123,000 Syrians have\ndeparted from Lebanon to Syria, with approximately 97,000 verified by UNHCR as having returned\nto Syria, including 67 per cent who returned under duress and remained in Syria. The January 2025\nRPIS also indicated that among displaced Syrians residing in informal settlements, 22 per cent\nintend to return to Syria.\n\nThe RP is a living document that will be updated in response to the evolving context. It outlines\n\nLebanon\u2019s Inter-Agency plan to support the safe, dignified, informed and sustainable returns, in\nclose collaboration with relevant government entities. It sets out for 2025 how UN agencies and\npartners will work alongside Lebanese authorities to ensure that those who are returning and\nthose who are temporarily remaining, are adequately assisted and protected. This joint approach\n\n\n1 As outlined in Executive Committee Conclusions No 18 (XXXI) (1980), No 40 (XXXVI) (1985) and No\n101(LV) (2004), including highlighting the basic right of persons to return to their country of origin, to be\nprovided with necessary information on conditions in their country of origin, and repatriation to take place\nat their freely expressed wish in conditions of safety and dignity.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nreflects the shared responsibility of all stakeholders involved in the response.\n\n**2. Outcomes**\n\n_**Outcome 1: Ensure Safe, Dignified, and Informed Return**_\n\nThe cornerstone of the RP in Lebanon is the principle that all returns must be safe, dignified, and\nbased on informed decisions of displaced Syrians. This approach is guided by UNHCR\u2019s\noperational framework and the December 2024 Position on Returns to the Syrian Arab Republic,\nwhich clearly states that displaced Syrians have the right to return to their country of origin, when\nthey express readiness to return.\n\nDisplaced Syrians returning to Syria are offered structured and individualized counselling,\nincluding legal aid on pertinent issues. LRP partners ensure families receive return cash grants\nand transport coordination, while ensuring access to essential medical and nutritional services\nfor the ones in need.\n\nThe plan is built on inclusive communication with communities through intentions surveys, focus\ngroup discussions, and returns-specific national hotlines among other tools. Protection\nmonitoring is embedded at all stages, including at official border crossings, to ensure returns\nremain safe and informed.\n\n_**Outcome 2: Strengthen Coordination Across Agencies and Borders**_\n\nThe successful facilitation of return and reintegration in Syria requires enhanced cross-border\nand inter-sectoral coordination between stakeholders in Lebanon and Syria in line with the\nsovereignty of both states. In Lebanon, the Durable Solutions Working Group (DSWG) leads the\nInter-Agency Return Plan under the LRP, ensuring close coordination between UN agencies,\nNGOs, government institutions, and donors. The RP emphasizes structured engagement with the\nGovernment of Lebanon, particularly the Ministry of Social Affairs that plays the liaison role\nbetween the DSWG and the Inter-Ministerial Return Committee and through the GSO, which plays\na central role in processing return applications and formalizing the safe and dignified exit. Based\non the exchange of letters between the Government of Lebanon and UNHCR, the plan reflects a\njointly agreed framework for the implementation of self-organized and organized return\nprogrammes, in alignment with national sovereignty, international protection principles, and the\nroles and responsibilities defined by both parties.\n\nAt the regional level, the strategy is aligned with the 3RP Regional Strategic Overview [2] and\nleverages the Regional Inter-Agency Preparedness Plan for Returns, including linkages with the\nRegional Durable Solutions Working Group. Plans are underway to establish a Syria-based InterAgency Solutions Working Group to ensure continuity of assistance for returnees across borders.\nThis group will facilitate information sharing on available services in areas of return, establish\nreferral pathways, and link returnees to early recovery programming, cash-for-work schemes,\nand HLP restitution processes. Such coordination is critical to support the sustainability of return\nand to mitigate risks of re-displacement due to unmet needs or unresolved legal claims.\n\nTo support these efforts, sector-specific working groups, including Protection, Basic Assistance,\n\nHealth, WASH and Education are engaged in developing operational linkages, such as\nharmonized referral protocols. However, cross-border data-sharing mechanisms will be\n\n\n\n2 [3RP_2025_Regional_Strategic_Overview.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/3RP_2025_Regional_Strategic_Overview.pdf)\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nidentified through an agreed upon modality.\n\n_**Outcome 3: Sustain Protection and Basic Services in Lebanon**_\n\nContinued support remains essential to uphold international protection standards and to\nsafeguard against harmful coping mechanisms that may arise from deteriorating economic and\nsocial conditions. The worsening socio-economic outlook in Lebanon has left most Syrians in\nextreme poverty. Coupled with the impact of escalation of hostilities and internal displacement,\nthe situation of Syrians in Lebanon became particularly fragile. Vulnerable host communities and\nPalestinian Refugees from Syria (PRS) face similarly dire circumstances, with more than 87 per\ncent of PRS families living below the poverty line and relying almost entirely on assistance.\n\nAs such, the LRP ensures that humanitarian and development programming in Lebanon\ncontinues to target both returnees and those who are temporarily remaining and for the most\nvulnerable in the host community. Protection services, health care, education, livelihoods\nprogramming, shelter and WASH services among others must remain accessible to all.\n\n**3. Operational Context**\n\nThe evolving context in Syria has led to a period of transition and relative optimism in many parts\nof Syria, while significant uncertainties remain. Lebanon continues to face a multifaceted crisis\nmarked by economic collapse, infrastructure degradation, and host community fatigue. Lebanon\nremains committed to facilitating informed returns and hosting those who temporarily remain.\nThe durable solutions approach is framed to abide by the Lebanese laws and regulations,\nupholding in tandem the principle of non-refoulement.\n\nDisplaced Syrians in Lebanon reside in various housing arrangements, including those living in\n\nurban settings, in informal settlements and those in alternative shelter arrangements, each\npresenting its own set of vulnerabilities and differentiated needs. While approximately 17 per\ncent of displaced Syrians reside in informal settlements, including those located along the Litani\nRiver, some 22 per cent expressed an intention to return to Syria. While housing and settlement\narrangements do not necessarily translate into greater demands for return, there is a general\nacknowledgement that different groups of displaced may require different modalities for return\nresponse. Displaced Syrians in informal settlements who choose to return, will be supported to\ndo so, including through support of MOSA with information provision in the informal settlements.\n\nReturns are expected to accelerate after the middle of the year, influenced by a combination of\nseasonal, social, and practical factors. One key period is the end of the academic year in\nLebanon, typically around June and July, which is a significant trigger, as families tend to wait for\nthe school term to conclude in order to minimize disruption to their children's education and\ncoordinate transitions more effectively. Additionally, the arrival of spring and summer and the\nconsequent agricultural season in Syria will bring more livelihood opportunities and favorable\nweather conditions, making travel safer and enabling returnees to resume or establish\nlivelihoods, particularly in sectors such as agriculture and construction.\n\nA phased operational scale-up will be implemented to match the pace of returns and evolving\nneeds. Additionally, a unified return framework guided by international protection principles and\nconsisting of various modalities for return, will be in place to accommodate the diverse\npopulation needs and circumstances of individuals and families seeking to return to Syria from\nLebanon. Existing return modalities include the General Security Office (GSO)-facilitated returns,\ntypically involving pre-departure registration and approval processes, to be enhanced with\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nsupport from UN agencies. Another modality is through UNHCR-supported self-organized\nreturns, where individuals initiate their return independently but receive assistance such as\ncounselling, transportation support, and documentation services fully implemented in\ncollaboration with Lebanese authorities. In addition to these organized mechanisms, a significant\nnumber of returns are expected to occur through both unassisted and informal channels (such\nas community initiatives in informal settlements). These returns, while often spontaneous may\nbe supported by LRP partners, and highlight the need for enhanced border and post-return\nmonitoring to ensure the safety, dignity, and rights of returnees are upheld, and to better\nunderstand the numbers, conditions and motivations behind such movements.\n\n\nFunding availability will determine the scale and quality of return support operations,\n\nincluding transportation assistance, cash grants, pre-departure medical checks, and\ncross-border programming. It is expected that funding for the RP will be provided from the\nLRP through both new funding and reallocations from sectors.\n\n**4. Core Components of the Return Plan** **[3]**\n\nThe operationalization of return from Lebanon is structured around five interrelated components [4]\nthat together aim to ensure an informed, safe, and dignified return process for displaced Syrian\nand PRS. The return process is pursued in full respect of Lebanon\u2019s national sovereignty and legal\nframework, as reaffirmed in the Exchange of Letters and Council of Ministers Decision No. 27\n(Session of June 16, 2025), underscoring national commitment to its implementation in\npartnership with the international community.\n\n\n\n**1.** **Preparatory activities** are foundational to the plan. In early 2025, the return strategy was\n\nformally introduced through socialization and dialogue processes, with a focus on\naligning national actors, particularly the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA), GSO, and\nLebanese Armed Forces (LAF) with the Inter-Agency action plan. Technical committee\nmeetings convened and have brought together humanitarian partners to clarify roles,\nresponsibilities, and operating principles. As part of these preparations, targeted\ncapacity-building activities are being planned to support local authorities, partners, and\nrepresentatives of displaced Syrians in understanding the international protection\nprinciples of return and the rights-based foundations of the action plan. These training\ncover topics such as international protection standards, eligibility screening, civil\ndocumentation, and the facilitation of informed decision-making by displaced\nhouseholds.\n\n**2.** **Community engagement and communication with affected populations** are at the\n\ncenter of the return plan. Multiple modalities are being deployed to ensure that displaced\nSyrians have access to timely, accurate, and actionable information regarding conditions\nin Syria and the procedures for return. Regular surveys of RPIS are being conducted to\ntrack Syrians\u2019 intentions, decision-making factors, and evolving concerns. These are\ncompleted by participatory methods, including focus group discussions. A website and\nnational hotline have been activated and dedicated for return, offering clarifications on\nreturn modalities. Meanwhile, partners and MoSA are working through community\nstructures to disseminate verified information on services available in areas of return, and\nprocedures for enrolment in return programs. MoSA will prioritize information\ndissemination among displaced persons in informal settlements. Messaging is\n\n\n\n3 Considered as preliminary and non-binding to the Lebanese Government, waiting for the outcome of the tripartite dialogue\namongst Lebanese and Syrian authorities, in addition to discussions with the UNHCR.\n\n4 The five components are grounded in the protection framework outlined by UNHCR and implemented through an InterAgency approach coordinated by the Durable Solutions Working Group (DSWG).\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nharmonized across platforms to reduce confusion, combat rumours, misinformation,\nand uphold informed decision-making. Community engagement and communication\nwith affected populations activities aim to invest in a successful, sustainable and\npermanent return. Support for community initiatives for return will also be assessed and\nsupported, wherever possible within the unified framework and in line with international\nprinciples.\n\n**3. Return counselling and processing** represent the core operational step in facilitating\n\nrepatriation in an expediting manner. Before returning, displaced Syrians are contacted\nto undergo detailed, family-level counselling sessions. These sessions verify the family\ncomposition, assess vulnerabilities, and examine access to key documentation such as\ncivil records and academic transcripts. Families are then referred for specialized support,\nsuch as legal assistance and educational documentation and school registration\nprocedures. The Education sector will advocate for expedited access to academic\ntranscripts - particularly for higher-grade students\u2014and certification for out-of-school\nchildren in formal education. Coordination with the Whole of Syria (WoS) Education\nSector and MEHE will support returning children\u2019s access to Lebanese academic\ncertificates and ensure continuity of learning. Efforts will also focus on addressing\nadministrative and academic barriers to facilitate reintegration into the Syrian education\nsystem. In collaboration with WoS partners, children will be referred to available\nprograms, including remedial and Arabic language support. Community awareness will\nbe raised on school enrolment procedures in Syria through targeted outreach and\ncommunication channels. Those cleared for return attend in-person appointments at one\nof six designated Return Centres, located in Beirut, Mount Lebanon, Zahle, Baalbek,\nMinieh and Akkar. At these centers, each adult family member is interviewed separately\nto ensure the decision to return is informed and an individual choice. While cross border\ndisease surveillance and coordination between the Health sector in Lebanon and Syria\nHealth cluster continue, families receive pre-departure health screening, including\nvaccinations for children and nutrition support for pregnant women and newborns.\nNutrition services include the provision of micronutrient and energy-based supplies for\nchildren under 5 and pregnant/breastfeeding women, with ongoing support at the Masnaa\nborder. At vaccination sites along border crossings, the Nutrition sector will support the\ndistribution of nutrition supplies, malnutrition screening, and dissemination of key Infant\nand Young Child Feeding (IYCF) messages. Activities also include education on optimal\nIYCF practices and the distribution of nutritional supplements to children and mothers. A\nreturn cash grant of USD 100 per person is provided through secure modalities, either\nthrough prepaid cards or cash disbursement. A Repatriation Form (RF) will be issued [5],\ndetailing the names, intended area of return, and date of departure. Syrians also provide\nwritten consent acknowledging the implications of their decision to return, including the\nclosure of their UNHCR file in Lebanon. The RF will also serve as a one-time identification\ndocument to facilitate movement through security checkpoints. Return counselling and\nprocessing aim to invest in a successful, sustainable and permanent return.\n\n\nTransport is organized and facilitated, which provides logistical support at designated\nstaging areas where displaced Syrians are re-verified, receive final medical clearance\nthrough fit-to-travel checks, and are assisted with tagging and loading their luggage.\nFamilies are then transported to official border crossing points. GSO finalizes the exit\nprocedure by stamping the RF, and waivers of administrative or legal penalties related to\nresidency and overstay are implemented with the Lebanese authorities. Transportation\nactivities include the provision of support for persons with specific needs (PSN) requiring\n\n\n5 The Repatriation Form is issued jointly by UNHCR, stamped by GSO at crossing points, and recognized by the Government of\nLebanon as a formal return attestation and one-time identification document.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nspecialized arrangements to facilitate their return. Border infrastructure, including health\nand WASH facilities, is being rehabilitated to ensure conditions conducive to a dignified\nand orderly departure. This includes the installation of external gender-segregated\nlatrines, water tanks, tap stands with water trucking and desludging services, and the\nrehabilitation of the wastewater treatment system. Light hygiene kits are also being\nprovided at staging areas through the Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM).\n\n\n\n**3.** **Cross-border coordination and enabling activities** aim to sustain returns. A dedicated\n\nSolutions Working Group will be established in Syria to coordinate information flows,\nensure continuity of services, and link returnees to existing programs. Technical and\nvocational skills training for Syrian displaced should take place inside Syria to support\nsustainable return. These activities are aligned with existing sectoral strategies and do\nnot require repurposing or additional funding. The skills gained through these training\u2014\nwithin sectors permitted by national regulations\u2014 are transferable and may contribute to\nthe reintegration, early recovery, and reconstruction processes in areas of return.\nReturnees will also be connected to income generating opportunities such as cash-forwork and community rehabilitation projects in Syria. Mapping of HLP restitution\nmechanisms and evidentiary requirements for property claims is ongoing, with the results\nto be used by legal actors in Lebanon to guide displaced Syrians in securing relevant\ndocumentation prior to departure. The Inter-Ministerial Committee will coordinate with\nSyrian authorities on cross-border movement and organized transportation to ensure\nprotection and proper border management.\n\n**4.** **Monitoring and feedback mechanisms** are included in the plan to ensure accountability\n\nand responsiveness. The DSWG, supported by its Technical Working Group, will oversee\nregular tracking of return figures, return modalities, and overall trends. The safety, and\nsustainability of returns will be monitored at multiple points, from Return Centers to\nborder crossings and through post-return follow-up. Community engagement tools,\nincluding RPIS, feedback channels, and complaint mechanisms, will be maintained and\nexpanded to capture real-time inputs from displaced Syrians. These mechanisms also\nprovide a safeguard against misinformation and coercion, ensuring that the return\nprocess remains firmly grounded in protection principles. The Inter-Agency response will\nremain adaptive, with the ability to revise programming based on emerging risks, funding\nfluctuations, and developments inside Syria.\n\n**5. Risks assessments** **and Mitigation**\n\nWhile 2025 presents new opportunities for voluntary return, the strategy faces several key risks\nthat require close monitoring and proactive mitigation.\n\n\nThe fluid situation in Syria remains one of the significant risks. To mitigate this, returns will be\nguided by real-time conflict analysis, protection monitoring at borders, and area-based risk\nmapping coordinated with the official competent authorities and with partners inside Syria.\n\n\nFunding shortfall threatens the ability to scale return support. Significant investment is needed\nfor transportation, cash assistance, health and nutrition screening, vaccination and\ncoordination. Targeted donor outreach and prioritization frameworks are in place to help\nsequence activities and avoid gaps in critical support. In line with international humanitarian\nprinciples, particularly burden-sharing.\n\nThe DSWG will continuously review these risks, adapting the response to uphold protection\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This chapter is a living document and will be updated in response to the evolving context._\n\n\nstandards in an evolving regional context. In addition, regular coordination meetings between the\nInter-Ministerial Committee and the international community are foreseen to ensure effective\nimplementation, address emerging challenges, and monitor progress towards safe and\nsustainable return.\n\n**6. Funding Requirements**\n\nThe Lebanon chapter of the 3RP includes a dedicated return preparedness envelope under the\n\nbroader USD 2.99 billion appeal. [6] Return-related activities require repurposing of funds and new\ninjections to enable cross-border support and sustainability amounting to an estimated range of\nUSD 150 million.\n\nFinally, facilitating a well-planned return process will not be a closure, it will be the beginning for\n\na better future: for Syrians to return to their homeland and reclaim their lives in dignity, and for\nLebanon to rebuild its resilience and foster its stability.\n\n[Annex 1: Inter-Agency Return Action Plan Matrix.](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1aEYFum7rx1iK1U7EUHhgeNUxGH-da4rC/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=114569836662185235145&rtpof=true&sd=true)\n\n\n6 The total LRP appeal amounts to USD 2.99 billion, which includes all sector budgets as well as the additional\nUSD 87.3 million top-up for return-related needs.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0507ba29-76c6-56e5-ac03-82938127d12f/20250719-LRP%20Return%20Chapter%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_510/raw/doc_510_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_510/raw/doc_510_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9fbddd173791d6431a1807561676dd92f106bcb2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_510/raw/doc_510_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Policy brief**\n# ~~Embracing Discomfort~~\n### A Call to Enable Finance for Climate-Change Adaptation in Conflict Settings\n\n#### **Issued by the International Committee of the Red Cross, International** **Council of Voluntary Agencies, MercyCorps, ODI, Red Cross Red Crescent** **Climate Centre, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food** **Programme** **October 2022** **Summary**\n\n##### People living in places affected by conflict are among the world\u2019s most vulnerable and least ready to adapt to an increasingly unpredictable and extreme climate. Yet they remain largely excluded from accessing finance for climate adaptation. Urgent action is therefore needed to remedy this situation. **Recommendations in this document are directed primarily at policymakers in states,** **multilateral financial institutions and the climate funds. They are grouped under the** **following headings:** \u2022 Approach risk differently to enable climate change adaptation in places affected by conflict. \u2022 Enable climate adaptation writ large and small: deliver at multiple scales and with diverse actors. \u2022 Work better together: optimize complementary mandates and expertise across different sectors of the international aid architecture. \u2022 Address structural divisions and silos that hinder informed action. Implementing these recommendations means making changes that venture into unfamiliar territory, politically and technically. It will therefore require strong political will, a shift from the comfort zone of the status quo. What is required now, to fulfil the commitment to leave no one behind, is to embrace discomfort in framing, processing and allocating climate finance.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Acknowledgements\n\nThis document was written on behalf of the co-signing organizations. The authors are grateful to all\nindividuals and organizations that reviewed the paper.\n\n\n**About the authors (in alphabetical order):**\n**Yue Cao:** Research Associate, ODI\n**Namita Khatri:** Diplomatic Advisor- Asia Pacific and climate finance policy lead, ICRC\n**Amir Khouzam:** Policy Advisor, ICRC\n**Adriana Quevedo:** Senior Research Officer, ODI\n\n\n**About this publication**\nThis paper builds on existing work to identify obstacles, including discussions convened by the\nInternational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the World Bank on climate action in conflict\nsettings*. The recommendations in it are designed to guide policymakers in unlocking opportunities\nfor contextualized and differentiated approaches to providing finance for climate-change adaptation\nin conflict settings. They were formulated on the basis of consultations with government officials;\nhumanitarian, peacebuilding and development organizations; international financial institutions;\noperating entities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)\nfinancial mechanism (the climate funds); and independent researchers and experts in the fields of climate\nfinance and adaptation.\n\n\n- See ICRC, _Working Together to Address Obstacles to Climate Finance in Conflict and Fragile Settings:_\n_Outcome Paper and Next Steps_, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 2021.\n\n\nReaders are encouraged to reproduce material for their own publications, as long as they are not being\nsold commercially. The co-signing organizations requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the\npublication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI and ICRC websites.\nThe views presented in this paper do not necessarily represent the positions of ICRC, ICVA, Mercy Corps,\nODI, RCCC, UNHCR and WFP. All errors and omissions are the sole responsibility of the authors.\n\n\nThis work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.\n\n\nHow to cite: ICRC, ODI, ICVA, Mercy Corps, RCCC, UNHCR, WFP. (2022) Embracing Discomfort: A Call to\nEnable Finance for Climate-Change Adaptation in Conflict Settings. London\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1** Policy brief\n\n## Problem analysis\n\n\nMore than half of the 25 countries most\nvulnerable and least ready to adapt to climate\nchange are affected by conflict. [1] Places affected\nby armed conflict [2], violence and instability are\namong the most vulnerable in the world and\nthe least able to adapt to the adverse effects of\nclimate change. This is because the institutions\nand capacities that people need to adapt to\nclimate change are often highly compromised\nin places affected by conflict, and because\nstates and other actors present in these places\nare more urgently concerned about questions\nof security, at the expense of addressing other\nchallenges.\n\n\nIn 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\nChange (IPCC) summary for policymakers, in its\nsixth assessment report on impacts, adaptation\nand vulnerability, warned that while violent\nconflict will continue to be driven more by socioeconomic conditions and governance than by\nclimate change, people in places affected by\n\n\n\nconflict are already at heightened and more\nimmediate risk from the adverse impacts of\nclimate change. The report also cautions, with\nmedium confidence, that more frequent climate\nshocks and extremes will, by exacerbating\npeople\u2019s vulnerabilities, \u201cincreasingly affect\nviolent intrastate conflict\u201d. [3] It notes that these\noutcomes remain avoidable and that adaptation\ncan contribute to reducing the volatility\ngenerated by climate shocks \u201cby reducing impacts\nof climate change on climate-sensitive drivers of\nconflict\u201d. [4] These warnings highlight the need for\nadaptation action to address compounding risks\nto vulnerable people in places likely to experience\nclimate shocks and enduring conflict.\n\n\nMany states affected by conflict are also among\nthe Least Developed Countries (LDCs), [5] a\ngroup prioritized in the Paris Agreement for\nsupport owing to their high vulnerability to\nclimate change. [6] Yet despite clear indicators of\nvulnerability, scientifically supported calls for\n\n\n\n1 ND-GAIN, _Country Index_, Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Indiana:\nhttps://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/, accessed 9 March 2022.\n2 The World Bank defines countries affected by conflict as either: (i) those with (a) an absolute number of\nconflict deaths above 250 according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) _and_ 150\naccording to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and (b) above 2 per 100,000 population according to\nACLED _and_ above 1 per 100,000 according to UCDP; or (ii) countries with a rapid deterioration of the security\nsituation, as measured by (a) an absolute number of conflict deaths above 250 according to ACLED _and_ 150\naccording to UCDP, and (b) a lower number of conflict deaths relative to the population between 1 and 2 per\n100,000 population (ACLED) _and_ between 0.5 and 1 per 100,000 (UCDP) and (c) more than a doubling of the\nnumber of casualties in the last year.\n3 IPCC, _Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability_, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth\nAssessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\nChange, Geneva/Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2022, p. 15.\n4 _Ibid_ ., p. 25.\n5 See _The Doha Programme of Action for LDCs for the decade 2014\u20132024_, Resolution 76/258, UN General\nAssembly, New York: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3968043?ln=en, which was adopted by the UN General\nAssembly in April 2022, and which notes in para. 89 that 24 out of 46 LDCs had active conflicts in 2019.\n6 Article 9(4) of the Paris Agreement, on the provision of scaled-up financial resources, identifies LDCs and smallisland developing states as being particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2** Policy brief\n\n\nmore adaptation support, and international\ncommitments to provide it, finance for climate\nadaptation [7] in these settings remains far below the\nlevel that is needed (see figure 1).\n\n\n\nThis reflects what the humanitarian sector \u2013\nincluding the ICRC, United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and\nmember organizations of the International\n\n\n\n**Figure 1** Climate finance flows to LDCs vs LDCs affected by conflict (in USD)\n\n\nMedian value\n\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Cumulative climate finance_\n_between 2010 and 2020 on a_\n_per capita basis reaching the_\n_Least Developed Countries_\n_(LDCs). The graph shows that_\n_LDCs affected by conflict (in_\n_red), as defined by the World_\n_Bank, are among the countries_\n_most vulnerable and least_\n_ready to adapt to climate_\n_change*, but receive finance_\n_for climate-related activities_\n_only at a level at or below the_\n_median. The graph highlights_\n_a trend where adaptation_\n_finance has targeted countries_\n_inversely to their level of_\n_climate vulnerability._\n\n - The ND-GAIN Country Index\nsummarizes a country\u2019s\nvulnerability to climate change\nand other global challenges in\ncombination with its readiness to\nimprove resilience.\n\n\nMedian value\n\n\n**[Key:]**\n\nConflict-affected\n\nLeast Developed Countries\n\n\nLeast Developed Countries\n\n\n|Col1|high vuln|erability,|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|low vul|nerability,|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||
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te fnance|\n\n\n\n**ND-GAIN index**\n\n\n7 \u201cClimate-change adaptation\u201d refers to the process of adjustment in natural or human systems in response to\nactual or expected climate change and its effects, which seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial\nopportunities (C.B. Field _et al_ ., 2014).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3** Policy brief\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCouncil of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA) \u2013 witnesses\nevery day in places affected by armed conflict and\nother situations of violence: the more unstable\na state, the less climate finance it receives. This\npattern is repeated at the subnational level: even\nwhere a state affected by conflict does receive\nclimate finance, this is largely confined to more\nstable regions. [8,9,10]\n\n\nIncreasing attention has been paid to the\nobstacles preventing climate finance from\nreaching places affected by conflict (see Box\n\n\n\n1). [11] Building on the literature and on structured\nconsultations with climate-finance providers,\nrecipients and partners, this paper identifies\nand recommends changes to close the gap in\nfinancing for climate adaptation. [12]\n\n\nRecommendations are offered to policymakers\nin states, multilateral financial institutions and\nthe climate funds. They are oriented towards a\nreassessment of what current commitments imply\nfor places affected by conflict and what must be\ndone to meet these.\n\n\n\n8 Y. Cao, T. Alcayna, A. Quevedo and J. Jarvie, _Synthesis Report: Exploring the Conflict Blind Spots in Climate_\n_Adaptation Finance_, Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises (SPARC), 2021.\n9 C. Shakya _et al_ ., _Access to Climate Finance \u2013Workshop Report_, International Institute for Environment and\nDevelopment, London, 2021, p.1\n10 A. Sitati _et al_ ., \u201cClimate change adaptation in conflict-affected countries: A systematic assessment of evidence\u201d,\n_Discover Sustainability_, Vol. 2, Art. 42, September 2021, p. 7.\n11 See UNDP, _Climate Finance for Sustaining Peace: Making Climate Finance Work for Conflict-affected and Fragile_\n_Contexts_, United Nations Development Programme, New York, 2021; Y. Cao _et al_ ., 2021; and ICRC, _Working_\n_Together to Adress Obstacles to Climate Finance in Conflict and Fragile Settings: Outcome Paper and Next_\n_Steps_, 2021.\n12 For a list of institutions and country representatives consulted, see Annex I.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4** Policy brief\n\n\nThese recommendations reflect the extent to\nwhich cross-sectoral collaboration is needed\nwithin the largely siloed international aid\narchitecture. Within this architecture, actors in\nthe development and climate sectors have the\nmandates and expertise needed to implement\nclimate action, but they operate primarily in\npeaceful and stable settings. Humanitarian\nand peacebuilding actors with access to and\noperations in conflict and fragile settings within\ntheir own specialized mandates are increasingly\nincorporating climate considerations into their\nwork. However, they do not necessarily have the\ncapacities to deliver climate action. Implementing\nstructural reforms to cross-sectoral collaboration\ntakes time and a willingness to enact systemic\nchange. Yet the urgency of the situation demands\naction now. The recommendations offered here\ntherefore focus on what can be done urgently,\nwith minimal structural changes, through the\ninterventions of individual governments, experts,\nand the secretariats and boards of multilateral\ndevelopment banks and climate funds.\n\n\nThis paper focuses exclusively on public\nfinance provided in the form of grants. This is\n\n\n\nbecause conflict-affected states already carry\noverwhelming debt burdens, and because\ninternational private finance has a lower appetite\nfor risk than its public counterpart. Finance\nproviders should therefore prioritize delivering\nclimate adaptation through grant funding. While\nthe paper provides recommendations on \u201cclimate\nadaptation finance\u201d in particular, it also speaks\nto \u201cfinance for climate adaptation\u201d [13] in general.\nIn some cases, these recommendations may be\nuseful for private philanthropic organizations\nlooking to make high-impact interventions in\nclimate adaptation.\n\n\nFinally, implementing these recommendations will\nrequire policymakers to step out of their comfort\nzone. Political will on the part of policymakers\nis essential to addressing persistent gaps in\naccess to climate finance in conflict. The urgency\nto act on climate adaptation and to meet our\ncollective ambition to leave no one behind calls for\napproaches entailing discomfort: current practices\nwill not suffice.\n\n\n\n13 \u201cClimate adaptation finance\u201d is flows of finance for adaptation action that developed countries have to mobilize\ntowards developing countries in light of their obligations under the UNFCCC, as per Article 9 of the Paris\nAgreement. \u201cFinance for climate adaptation\u201d indicates all the finance flows (public and private, domestic and\ninternational) that support the objectives of the Paris Agreement to transition to a net-zero emission, climateresilient world, as per Article 2.1c of the Paris Agreement.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5** Policy brief\n\n## Joint recommendations to policymakers\n\n\n\nThe following recommendations, grouped under\nfour headings, can help states and climate actors\naddress obstacles to providing adequate climate\nadaptation finance to places enduring conflict.\nAddressing each recommendation individually will\nbe a step towards fixing the gap in climate action in\nconflict settings. Moreover, the recommendations\nare mutually reinforcing, and policymakers are\nencouraged to consider them accordingly.\n\n#### **Approach risk differently to enable** **climate-change adaptation in places** **affected by conflict.**\n\n\nMultilateral financial institutions, the climate\nfunds and bilateral aid agencies are all bound by\nrules governing fiduciary and programmatic risks.\nDecision-making in \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d financing\nfor climate adaptation hinges on low financial and\ncorporate risk.\n\n\nFirst, risk assessments determine funding\ndecisions, often outweighing identified needs\nas a determining factor. For instance, the\nindependent evaluation of the Green Climate\nFund\u2019s (GCF) investments in LDC countries\nfound that the GCF does not offer incentives to\naccredited entities to work in LDCs that pose\nhigh risks for project implementation. [14] The risk\nof not acting is not being sufficiently factored\n\n\n\ninto funding decisions, despite the severe\nfinancial and humanitarian consequences of\nnot doing so. [15] Inaction in the face of dramatic\nclimate-induced shocks is likely to generate\nheightened humanitarian needs, exacerbate\ntensions and lead to development reversals. This\nrisk is magnified when considering the needs\nof communities living outside governmentcontrolled areas that are not reached by any\ncentral government-channelled finance.\n\n\nSecond, institutional processes to manage\nrisks have been developed for stable low- and\nmiddle-income countries and tend to consider\nrisk as a delimited operational problem that can\nbe managed through standardized checklists in\nrisk registries, rather than one that requires a\ncomprehensive risk-informed assessment across\nall organizational processes and functions. Such\nprogramming and processes scope out places\naffected by conflict. The evaluation of the Global\nEnvironmental Facility\u2019s (GEF) support in fragile\nand conflict-affected states identified the lack\nof conflict sensitivity in the GEF\u2019s programming\nrequirements as an area for improvement. [16]\nSimilarly, the evaluation of GCF investments in\nLDCs notes that \u201cthe GCF\u2019s position as a risktaking institution is limited, as it primarily funds\nlow-risk projects\u201d. [17]\n\n\n\n14 GCF, _Final Report on the Independent Evaluation of the Relevance and Effectiveness of the Green Climate Fund\u2019s_\n_Investments in the Least Developed Countries_, Evaluation Report No. 12, Independent Evaluation Unit, Green\nClimate Fund, Songdo, 2022.\n15 IFRC, _The Cost of Doing Nothing: The Humanitarian Price of Climate Change and How it can be Avoided_,\nInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, 2019.\n16 GEF, _Evaluation of GEF Support in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations_, Global Environment Facility,\nWashington, D.C., 2020: https://www.thegef.org/council-meeting-documents/evaluation-gef-support-fragile-andconflict-affected-situations\n17 GCF, 2022.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6** Policy brief\n\n\nThe lack of specific policies addressing climate\nneeds in conflict settings has been identified\nas hampering the ability of the climate funds\nto consider such differentiated risk appetite or\ntailored projects for conflict settings. Useful\nexamples that can be replicated in programming\nfor climate adaptation come from certain\nnational development agencies that have adopted\ndifferentiated due diligence and risk appetite for\nprojects below a certain scale in their conflict and\nfragility programming.\n\n\nDepartments within multilateral development\nbanks that design, assess and implement climate\nadaptation programmes do not have expertise\nregarding the risks arising from conflict. Nor\ndo the climate funds. They are therefore more\nlikely to consider proposed projects in conflict\nsettings as unduly high risk and to lack the\nexpertise to identify risk mitigation measures\nto manage perceived risk. Furthermore, such\nteams are generally not resourced to provide the\nexpert guidance required throughout the project\ncycle to manage residual risk. Implementing the\ndifferentiated approaches introduced by the Asian\nDevelopment Bank, in its _Fragile and Conflict-_\n_affected Situations and Small Island Developing_\n_States Approach_, [18] and the World Bank, in its\n_Strategy for Fragility, Conflict and Violence_, [19] will\nrequire consideration of these issues.\n\n\nFinally, the climate funds\u2019 requirement for\nproject proposals to be supported by rigorous,\n\n\n\nsystematized data is an obstacle for many\ndeveloping countries, and particularly for\nconflict settings. Though conflict-affected states\nare eligible for funding to address capacity\nconstraints of national hydrometeorological\nservices (NHMS), mainly through the GCF\nReadiness Fund (up to USD 1 million), they are\namong the countries that have received the\nleast amount of such funding. [20] In such settings,\nmeteorological stations are exposed to damage\nby conflict and tend to be ill-maintained by\nstretched NHMS. Countries in conflict typically\nonly have access to limited meteorological data\n(regarding rainfall and temperature) and have\nlimited capacities to analyse and translate such\ndata into effective decision-making. [21] Therefore,\nimplementing Article 7.5 of the Paris Agreement,\nwhich states that adaptation activities should\nbe conducted on the basis of not just science\nbut also traditional knowledge, takes on greater\nurgency in conflict settings. This, too, requires\na different approach to risk, as traditional\nknowledge does not come in a systematized and\nstandardized format, and provides less certainty\nto funding institutions.\n\n##### **Recommendations:**\n\n- **Governing bodies of the climate funds**\n**should adopt climate and conflict policies**\n**that address the specific needs of places**\n**affected by conflict. Such policies would**\n**integrate a risk management approach**\n**that fully considers the risks present in**\n\n\n\n18 ADB, _Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations and Small Island Developing States Approach_, Asian Development\nBank, Mandaluyong, 2022.\n19 World Bank Group, _Strategy for Fragility, Conflict and Violence 2020\u20132025_, World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2020.\n20 A. Quevedo, Y. Cao, T. Alcayna and J. Jarvie, _Working Paper: Exploring Conflict Blind Spots in Climate Adaptation_\n\n_Finance in the Sahel and Horn of Africa_, Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted\nCrises (SPARC), 2022.\n21 F. Machingura, A. Nyamwanza, D. Hulme and E. Stuart, \u201cClimate information services, integrated knowledge\nsystems and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\u201d, _Sustainable Earth_, Vol. 1, Art. 1, October 2018.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7** Policy brief\n\n\n**places affected by conflict into strategies,**\n**action plans and mechanisms for allocating**\n**climate finance.** Overly risk-averse approaches\nto climate finance effectively leave vulnerable\ncommunities to bear the risk themselves,\nresulting in heightened humanitarian needs,\nand a potential exacerbation of tensions and\ndevelopment reversals, and ultimately increasing\nthe costs of inaction.\n\n- **Mitigate the risk of operating in conflict**\n**settings by incorporating conflict**\n**sensitivity into climate programming.**\nClimate teams should draw on expertise from\nother sectors, including local and international\nhumanitarian and peacebuilding actors, to\nrevise their risk management approaches.\nIncorporating different perspectives can help\norganizations reconsider whether issues that\ncurrently prohibit action \u2013 such as gaps in\nmeteorological data, an unfamiliar operating\nenvironment or the presence of weapon\nbearers \u2013 really are insurmountable.\n\n- **Ensure that a portion of the funding is**\n**accessible and dedicated to high-risk**\n**contexts through simplified or fit-for-**\n**purpose processes** and sets of criteria, and\nthat flexibility to adapt to fluid situations is\nbuilt in. Projects within such funding envelopes\nshould have flexibility also in terms of the\nminimum amounts per project, thus allowing\nsmaller, localized projects to be implemented in\nconflict settings.\n\n- **Prioritize support to NHMS in conflict**\n**settings**, including through the absorption\nof higher risk, to build the capacity of NHMS.\nDonor states with NHMS that have **partnering**\n**capacity should be encouraged to help**\n**collect and systematize raw data**, as well as\nincorporating traditional knowledge, to meet\nthe requirements of the climate funds.\n\n\n#### **Enable climate adaptation writ large** **and small: deliver at multiple scales** **and with diverse actors.**\n\nTo meet people\u2019s needs and help them adapt\nto climate change, both large-scale structural\ninvestments and local, small-scale initiatives that\ncontribute to the resilience of livelihoods and\ncommunity infrastructure are needed. Initiatives\nspanning different timescales are also required.\nThis is as true in places affected by armed conflict\nas it is elsewhere.\n\n\nThe current architecture for delivering climate\nfinance prioritizes large, multi-million-dollar\nprojects, including those that strengthen\npower grids, build defensive infrastructure, or\nrehabilitate major ecosystems and landscapes.\nThis is because there is a focus on projects that\nare transformational, contribute on a large scale\nto national development plans and offer the\npossibility of financial returns on investment.\nSince the organizations capable of delivering\nlarge-scale projects \u2013 major development\nagencies, multilateral development banks and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8** Policy brief\n\n\ncentral governments \u2013 are often absent from\nplaces affected by conflict, few such projects are\nimplemented there. [22] Structural barriers prevent\nlocal actors from accessing climate finance,\nowing to their limited fiduciary and bureaucratic\ncapacity and/or their inability or reluctance to\npartner with the central government \u2013 the usual\nchannel for accessing international climate\nfinance. Humanitarian and peacebuilding actors,\nboth international and local, may be present,\nbut are rarely able or expected to focus on\nclimate-change adaptation. The result is that no\nclimate adaptation projects, large or small, are\nimplemented.\n\n\nThis challenge is most evident in places controlled\nby non-state armed groups (NSAGs) or otherwise\nfar removed from central authorities. In these\ncircumstances, central governments are politically\ndisincentivized to cooperate with local actors.\nNational Adaptation Plans (NAPs), which require\nthe endorsement of central authorities, often\nexclude areas controlled by NSAGs or fail to\nassess their needs accurately. Even when NAPs\ndo address these areas, development agencies\nand multilateral development banks that operate\nin partnership with central authorities are unable\nto provide finance and implement projects\nin such settings. [23] This leaves local actors and\nauthorities, as well as international humanitarian\norganizations, as the only ones with access to\nsuch places, to undertake climate adaptation\nprogrammes. Unfortunately, these are also the\norganizations that tend not to have specific\nmandates regarding or expertise in climate\nadaptation and so are least able to access climate\nfinance.\n\n\n22 A. Sitati _et al_ ., 2021.\n23 Y. Cao _et al_ ., 2021.\n\n\n\nIn conflict settings, coordination beyond the\ncommunity level, i.e. at the regional or national\nlevels, is difficult. Adaptation programmes at the\ncommunity level are necessary to complement\nnational-level projects that do not reach conflictaffected communities. This requires resourcing\nfinance providers with specific and additional staff\nand expertise to manage small-scale budgets and\nprojects, but this is not how the climate funds and\nthe multilateral development banks are set up.\n\n##### **Recommendations:**\n\n- **Enable large- and small-scale action.**\nEnsure that project approval processes do\nnot exclude small-scale, local-level adaptation\nefforts and that the fiduciary and organizational\nrequirements accompanying smaller\nenvelopes of funding for climate adaptation\nare appropriate. Enable decision-making at the\nmost appropriate local level in order to do so.\nBilateral climate finance can help facilitate this\nby allowing missions and embassies greater\ndiscretion in identifying partners and projects.\n\n- **Provide support to local and national non-**\n**governmental organizations (NGOs) to**\n**help them navigate existing opportunities**\n**to access finance.** Accreditation processes\nand project proposal requirements for the\nmajor multilateral climate funds, and reporting\nrequirements for other sources of public\nfunding, inhibit smaller-scale, locally led climate\naction. Providing specific financial and technical\nsupport to local groups to help them apply\nfor finance would be a start in addressing this.\nThe Principles for Locally Led Adaptation (see\nSpotlight, below) offer further opportunities\nfor strengthening the capacity of local actors to\naccess finance.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**9** Policy brief\n\n\n- **Create specialized windows for local actors**\n**to independently access multilateral**\n**climate finance.** Even if general barriers\nto local action are lifted, specific barriers in\nplaces affected by conflict will remain. The\ninternational community has not developed a\nchannel for directing climate finance to these\nplaces, despite the necessity of doing so in\norder to meet existing commitments to support\nthe most vulnerable. Recognizing this need\nby providing specialized windows or tailored\nmechanisms under the climate funds would be a\nwelcome step.\n\n- **The climate funds should consider a**\n**leaner accreditation process for NGOs and**\n**institutions that have access to conflict-**\n**affected settings and a mandate for**\n**climate action.** These organizations typically\nhave the knowledge and presence in fragile,\nconflict-affected and violent contexts but do not\nhave the necessary fiduciary and programmatic\nprocedures, nor the resources to successfully\nnavigate time-consuming accreditation\nrequirements.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n24 Soanes, M. et al., _Principles for Locally Led Adaptation_, Issue Paper, International Institute for Environment and\n\nDevelopment (IIED), London, 2021: https://pubs.iied.org/10211iied\n25 Venkateswaran, K. and Blumenstock, A., _The Climate Crisis Demands Local Level Financing and Action_, working\npaper, Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance, Zurich, 2021: https://europe.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2021-01/\nZFRA-Local-Level-Financing-Action_v2.pdf\n26 C. McGinn and C. Allan, _A Mid-Term Review of the Climate Justice Resilience Fund_, Institute for Social and\nEnvironmental Transition International (ISET), Boulder, 2020.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**10** Policy brief\n\n#### **Work better together: optimize** **complementary mandates and** **expertise across different sectors of** **the international aid architecture.**\n\n\nImproving coordination and collaboration across\nthe development, humanitarian, peacebuilding\nand climate sectors continues to be a challenge.\nGuided by different mandates and expertise, each\nsector has approached issues relating to climate\nrisks through different lenses. In the multi-risk\nenvironment of conflict, immediate needs, such\nas safety, food and shelter, must be addressed\nin tandem with longer-term issues, such as\ndisplacement, livelihood and infrastructure needs.\nThere is a real risk that a disconnected approach\nby actors working in isolation will result in\nmaladaptation, as duplicate or counter-productive\npiecemeal programming can miss critical needs.\n\n\nIncreasingly, humanitarians are being called\nupon to respond to climate shocks in conflict\nsettings. This demand recognizes humanitarians\u2019\nexperience and technical knowledge of operating\nand directing funding towards places that are\nunstable, affected by conflict, or outside of\nstate control. Humanitarians are limited by their\nmandate and expertise, however, and, alone, they\nare neither able nor should they be expected to\nmeet the increasing scale and urgency of climate\nadaptation needs in a world where many areas\nare experiencing \u201ca permanent crisis without an\nendpoint\u201d. [27] Conversely, development and climate\nactors who do have the expertise to create tailored\nadaptation solutions do not have access to places\nenduring hostilities. As conflicts last longer, without\nresolution and with frequent reversals in intensity,\nsimple linear approaches (\u201cpassing the baton\u201d)\nacross sectors are unlikely to work.\n\n\n\nThere is, therefore, an urgent need for\ncollaborative models of climate adaptation to\nbe reinforced and adopted at different scales\n(national and subnational). Re-imagining\ncoordination and collaboration between actors\nin the climate, humanitarian and peacebuilding\nspheres offers avenues towards overcoming\nsystemic barriers to accessing finance for climaterelated activities in conflict-affected settings.\nThese avenues include sharing knowledge,\nbridging operations across sectors and making the\nmost of each sector\u2019s specific expertise, mandate,\naccess and experience.\n\n##### **Recommendations:**\n\n- **Establish operational partnerships among**\n**climate, humanitarian and peacebuilding**\n**actors on the ground in places affected**\n**by conflict**, where complementary mandates\nand expertise can yield cumulative increases\nin the adaptive capacity of people, systems\nand communities. These partnerships can be\nsupported by pooled funding mechanisms and\nso-called crisis-modifier financing arrangements\nthat provide the flexibility needed to respond\nto rapid changes in the operating environment\ncaused by conflict dynamics.\n\n- **Enable layered, coordinated action by**\n**actors with different mandates, skillsets**\n**and access to places affected by conflict.**\nBearing in mind the importance of differentiated\nmandates and of preserving space for neutral,\nimpartial and independent humanitarian action,\nclimate finance may be best channelled through\nnon-traditional mechanisms, via consortia or\npartnerships between multilateral development\nbanks and international and local NGOs that\noptimize the specific expertise and experience\nof each partner.\n\n\n\n27 P. Knox Clarke, _Climate Change and Humanitarian Action 2021_, ADAPT Initiative/Groupe URD, Paris, 2021.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**11** Policy brief\n\n\n- **Develop and promote active knowledge-**\n**sharing platforms involving climate,**\n**development, humanitarian and**\n**peacebuilding actors and governments**\n(both central governments and national and\nsubnational authorities). This will enhance\nshared knowledge around climate and conflict\nrisks and help better identify needs. Knowledgesharing can contribute to more harmonized\noperations, reduce the coordination burden on\nauthorities and avoid duplication in adaptation\nefforts. This should also improve transparency\nand clarity in reporting of climate finance under\ndifferent categories.\n\n\n#### **Address structural divisions and silos** **that hinder informed action.**\n\nSilos exist everywhere. Within national and\ninternational providers of climate finance, silos\ninhibit informed decision-making and crossfertilization of ideas. When it comes to climate\naction and responses to conflict, existing expertise\nin both areas do not converge, and these silos are\nlargely unaddressed.\n\n\nAt the global level, international organizations\nand states do not incorporate climate risks\nand conflict together into holistic policies,\nstrategies, action plans and evaluations, and this\ndeficiency is replicated in the institutions and\nmechanisms built by the international community.\nAcross organizations working on similar issues,\ndifferent rules and regulations result in a lack of\ncoherence \u2013 even among the climate funds, which\nhave been tasked with improving coherence and\ncomplementarity in their work.\n\n\nWithin organizations, be they multilateral or\nnational, there is often little or no overlap between\ndepartments concerned with climate adaptation\nand conflict risks. In both recipient and donor\nstates, ministerial silos, national and subnational\ngovernments, and local authorities are often\ndisconnected. The institutional capacities of\nrecipient states to meet the funding requirements\nof different financial providers are similarly\ndisjointed, while donor states miss opportunities\nto incorporate climate adaptation into conflictoriented programmes, and vice versa. National\nfocal points for different climate finance providers\nare under the auspices of separate ministries,\nmaking coordination complex.\n\n\nFinally, at the level of individual teams and offices,\nthere is a gap in available expertise needed to\nunderstand the implications of compounding\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**12** Policy brief\n\n\nand cascading conflict and climate risks. In places\naffected by conflict, these challenges are all\nexacerbated where institutions are weakened\nand governments are focused on maintaining or\nrestoring security.\n\n##### **Recommendations:**\n\n- **Require conflict-sensitive expertise to be**\n**incorporated into climate policymaking**\n**and skills development at all levels.** This\nwill require consideration of the compounded\neffects of climate risks and conflict in\ngovernment policies, strategies and action plans,\nand in the strategies of donors, multilateral\ndevelopment banks and climate funds.\n\n- **Ensure conflict and fragility teams in donor**\n**organizations have sufficient climate**\n**expertise to enable informed consideration**\n**of climate adaptation programming in**\n**conflict settings.** Operational approaches,\nmonitoring and evaluation will need to be\ntailored to suit conflict settings.\n\n- **Break silos in recipient governments.**\nThis can be done by facilitating coordination\nbetween national ministries and subnational\nand local institutions handling different\ninternational relationships and funding streams,\npreferably by establishing direct reporting\nlines or accountability to heads of government.\nCoordinating bodies will be able to liaise more\nefficiently with all donors and ensure coherence\nand complementarity in projects funded by\ndifferent organizations.\n\n- **Share needs assessments across sectors.**\nHumanitarians with access to conflict settings\nshould be more systematic about sharing, with\nother relevant actors, information on needs\n\n\n\nthat fall outside their mandates and should\nseek partnerships to increase collaboration\nand enable informed climate adaptation\nprogramming.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**13** Policy brief\n\n## Conclusion\n\n\nPolitical will to adopt and promote \u201cbusiness\nunusual\u201d approaches to channel climate\nadaptation finance to conflict settings is critical\nand urgently required. This paper focuses on\nseveral key areas that require a new approach\nand provides recommendations on how to begin\ndoing so. Each individual recommendation offers\nthe potential for positive results for communities\nliving through conflict and will provide further\nguidance through lessons learned in the attempt.\nTogether, these interlinked and mutually\nreinforcing recommendations can make a real\ndifference to the lives of vulnerable people.\n\n\nThese recommendations are not comprehensive;\nthey will need to be examined by individual\n\n\n\norganizations to see how and to what extent they\ncan be applied. In examining practical applicability\nof these recommendations, there will undoubtedly\nbe nuances to navigate, and connected issues\nto address. As much as this paper has focused\non public finance in the form of grants, there is\na concomitant need to also continue the efforts\nto explore ways to advance climate adaptation\nfinance in conflict settings through other modes,\nincluding through the private sector. The hope is\nthat these recommendations serve to start that\nconversation, uncomfortable as that may be.\n\n\nThe greatest risk lies not in the attempt itself\nbut in the failure to make it. We can do better,\ntogether.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8fe8600-8631-474c-842f-8c19cacff0c5/ODI%20working%20paper.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_511/raw/doc_511_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_511/raw/doc_511_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 464344ff045535a3449fb983135fe5c6db301932..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_511/raw/doc_511_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**OUTSIDE \r THE \r CAMPS: \r THE \r STRUGGLE \r FACING \r SYRIAN \r REFUGEES \r IN \r JORDAN\u2019S \r TOWNS \r AND \r CITIES**\n\n\n**Media \r Summary**\n\n\nThree \r years \r after \r the \r start \r of \r Syria\u2019s \r conflict, \r the \r refugee \r crisis \r shows \r no \r signs \r of \r abating. \r Global\nattention \r has \r focused \r on \r the \r massive \r and \r expanding \r camps \r near \r Syria\u2019s \r borders: \r Jordan\u2019s \r Zaatari \r camp\n\n- \r home \r to \r 125,000 \r people \r \u2013 \r has \r become \r one \r of \r the \r most \r high-\u00ad\u2010profile \r symbols \r of \r the \r war. \r Less \r known,\nhowever, \r is \r that \r Zaatari \r only \r represents \r a \r small \r portion \r of \r Syrian \r refugees \r living \r in \r Jordan: \r less \r than \r 20\nper \r cent.\n\n\nA \r landmark \r study \r by \r the \r UN \r Refugee \r Agency \r sheds \r new \r light \r on \r the \r hidden \r majority \r of \r Syrian \r refugees\nwho \r have \r moved \r on \r from, \r or \r never \r lived \r in, \r Jordan\u2019s \r camps. \r \u201cSyrian \r Refugees \r Living \r Outside \r Camps \r in\nJordan\u201d \r is \r the \r outcome \r of \r more \r than \r a \r year-\u00ad\u2010long \r effort \r to \r assess \r their \r needs \r and \r provide \r help.\n\n\nOver \r the \r course \r of \r 2012-\u00ad\u20102013, \r UNHCR \r and \r its \r longstanding \r partner \r International \r Relief \r and\nDevelopment \r (IRD) \r conducted \r interviews \r with \r 92,000 \r households, \r putting \r together \r a \r compelling\nsnapshot \r of \r their \r daily \r struggle \r to \r survive. \r They \r found \r a \r population \r of \r almost \r 450,000 \r people \r in \r growing\ndifficulty, \r despite \r the \r outstanding \r generosity \r and \r significant \r support \r that \r Jordan \r has \r continued \r to \r offer\nthem, \r including \r free \r public \r health \r and \r education. \r Half \r of \r the \r tens \r of \r thousands \r refugee \r families\nsurveyed \r reported \r living \r in \r inadequate \r accommodation, \r facing \r rising \r rents, \r many \r struggling \r to \r pay \r the\nbills \r and \r facing \r educational \r challenges \r for \r their \r children. \r This \r summary \r highlights \r some \r of \r their \r key\nfindings; \r the \r full \r report \r can \r be \r found \r at \r http://rfg.ee/upYs5\n\n\n**1.** **Syrian \r Refugees \r in \r Jordan: \r In \r and \r Out \r of \r the \r Camps**\n\n\nAs \r of \r 31 \r December \r 2013, \r almost \r 450,000 \r Syrian \r refugees \r were \r registered \r in \r Jordan \r outside \r UNHCR\ncamps. \r By \r contrast \r there \r were \r 125,000 \r refugees \r registered \r in \r Zaatari \r camp. _Almost \r 80 \r per \r cent \r of \r all_\n_refugees \r in \r Syria \r live \r outside \r the \r formal \r camps, \r away \r from \r the \r international \r spotlight. \r Their \r needs \r must_\n_be \r addressed._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bad32b03-18a8-3817-a0db-385ef1d31140/OUTSIDE-THE-CAMPS-executive-summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Most \r are \r living \r in \r Jordan\u2019s \r northwestern \r towns \r and \r cities, \r but \r a \r number \r have \r moved \r to \r more \r remote\nareas \r \u2013 \r a \r small \r number \r have \r opted \r to \r live \r in \r informal \r tented \r settlements, \r close \r to \r agricultural \r areas. \r The\nmajority \r of \r Syrian \r refugees \r in \r Jordan \r come \r from \r three \r areas: \r Dara\u2019a, \r Homs, \r and \r Damascus. \r Dara\u2019a, \r in\nSyria\u2019s \r south, \r has \r a \r large \r percentage \r of \r rural \r inhabitants, \r who \r work \r mainly \r in \r agriculture, \r trade \r and\ntransportation. \r Most \r refugees \r tend \r to \r stay \r in \r one \r location, \r but \r there \r is \r nonetheless \r significant\nmovement \r around \r the \r country \r as \r people \r look \r for \r work, \r or \r move \r closer \r to \r family \r and \r charity \r networks.\n\n\n**2.** **A \r Crisis \r in \r Rent \r and \r Accommodation**\n\n\nOf \r the \r 450,000 \r people \r living \r outside \r camps, \r 93 \r per \r cent\nlive \r in \r apartments, \r and \r 91 \r per \r cent \r rent \r their \r homes. \r The\nremaining \r 7 \r per \r cent \r live \r in \r basements, \r self-\u00ad\u2010made\nshelters, \r prefabs, \r tents \r and \r even \r mud \r houses. \r Most \r are\nconcentrated \r around \r the \r major \r urban \r areas \r of \r the\nnorthwest, \r such \r as \r Amman \r and \r Irbid. \r Of \r those \r shelters,\nonly \r 49 \r per \r cent \r were \r deemed \r adequate \r for \r habitation.\n_More \r than \r half \r of \r their \r dwellings \r were \r deemed \r by_\n_refugees \r to \r be \r substandard \r or \r worse._ Substandard \r could\nrefer \r to \r an \r earthen \r entryway, \r narrow \r rooms, \r limited\nventilation, \r mold, \r or \r an \r outside \r bathroom. \r Dwellings \r in\nsevere \r state \r of \r disrepair, \r or \r posing \r a \r danger \r to\ninhabitants, \r were \r classed \r as \r \u2018emergency\u2019.\n\nRefugee \r families \r reported \r that \r an \r average \r 60 \r per \r cent \r of \r expenditure \r goes \r on \r rent. \r They \r mentioned \r to\nUNHCR \r and \r IRD \r that \r the \r second \r largest \r expenditure \r is \r food, \r at \r 26 \r per \r cent. _Average \r rents \r for \r refugees_\n_are \r rising \r across \r the \r country, \r in \r some \r cases \r by \r more \r than \r 25 \r per \r cent \r for \r Syrians \r in \r some \r locations \r from_\n_2012 \r to \r 2013._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bad32b03-18a8-3817-a0db-385ef1d31140/OUTSIDE-THE-CAMPS-executive-summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.** **Syria\u2019s \r Lost \r Education**\n\n\nJordan \r offers \r free \r access \r to \r public \r education \r to \r all \r registered \r refugees. \r Despite \r this, \r home \r surveys\nindicated \r that _over \r half \r of \r Syrian \r school-\u00ad\u2010age \r children \r in \r Jordan \r were \r not \r going \r to \r school_ during \r the \r 2012-\u00ad\u2010\n2013 \r academic \r year \r (September-\u00ad\u2010June) _._ Up \r to \r 5 \r per \r cent \r of \r children \r reported \r having \r dropped \r out.\n\nUNHCR \r continues \r to \r investigate \r this \r issue \r in \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r home \r visits, \r but \r known \r reasons \r include \r bullying,\nchallenges \r in \r adjusting \r to \r the \r Jordanian \r curriculum, \r inability \r to \r catch \r up \r after \r missing \r months \r or \r even\nyears \r of \r schooling, \r children \r working \r to \r earn \r money \r for \r their \r families, \r and, \r not \r least, \r the \r exhausted\ncapacities \r of \r the \r Jordanian \r public \r education \r system. _These \r trends \r are \r deeply \r worrying \r for \r the \r future \r of_\n_Syria \r and \r the \r region._\n\n\n**4.** **The \r Search \r for \r Adequate \r Water \r and \r Sanitation**\n\n\nWater \r and \r sanitation \r was \r deemed \r adequate \r by \r 84 \r and \r 87 \r per \r cent \r of \r refugees \r respectively.\nNonetheless, \r 16 \r per \r cent \r reported \r faced \r substandard \r or \r worse \r water \r quality \r \u2013 \r having \r to \r buy \r water\noutside \r the \r house, \r or \r travel \r a \r distance \r to \r fill \r jerry \r cans. \r This \r situation \r varied \r between \r governorate, \r and\n_in \r particular \r in \r the \r south \r such \r as \r Karak, \r close \r to \r half \r (49%) \r of \r refugees \r had \r substandard \r water._\n\n**5.** **Earning \r a \r Living**\n\n\nIt \r is \r not \r easy \r for \r Syrian \r refugees \r to \r get \r work \r permits \r in \r Jordan. \r Nonetheless, \r a \r quarter \r of \r all \r refugee\nincome \r from \r January-\u00ad\u2010October \r 2013 \r came \r from \r earnings \r from \r work, \r and \r further \r income \r came \r from\nseasonal \r agricultural \r work \r in \r November \r and \r December. \r The \r amount \r of \r refugees \r working \r was \r highest \r in\nthe \r capital \r Amman, \r where \r more \r than \r 30 \r per \r cent \r of \r households \r reported \r income \r from \r work.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "home \r surveys", - "confidence": 0.9795551896095276, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6606520414352417, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9538713693618774, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012-\u00ad\u2010\n2013 \r academic \r year", - "confidence": 0.5938979387283325, - "start": 53, - "end": 60 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian \r school-\u00ad\u2010age \r children", - "confidence": 0.6023611426353455, - "start": 37, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "earnings \r from \r work", - "confidence": 0.7376694083213806, - "start": 300, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amman", - "confidence": 0.8930720686912537, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9169395565986633, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bad32b03-18a8-3817-a0db-385ef1d31140/OUTSIDE-THE-CAMPS-executive-summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_A \r trend \r of \r increasing \r self-\u00ad\u2010reliance \r is \r emerging._ The \r total \r percentage \r of \r refugees \r reporting \r income \r from\nwork \r increased \r from \r 28 \r per \r cent \r to \r 36 \r per \r cent \r between \r 2012 \r and \r 2013. \r By \r contrast, \r income \r from\n\nhumanitarian assistance\nand charity decreased\nfrom \r 63 \r per \r cent \r to \r 49\nper \r cent. \r The \r percentage\nof cases reporting\nreceiving \r income \r from\ntransfers \r and \r remittances\nand \r other \r sources \r also\nincreased.\n\nThere \r have \r been \r reports\nof increasing tensions\nwith \r local \r Jordanians \r over\nwork, \r but \r the \r greatest\nimpact \r was \r felt \r amongst\nseasonal \r labourers \r from\nother \r countries.\n\n\n**6.** **Syria\u2019s \r Separated \r Families**\n\n\n_One-\u00ad\u2010quarter_ _of_ _respondents_\n_surveyed \r in \r January-\u00ad\u2010October \r 2013_\n_classified_ _their_ _families_ _as_\n_\u2018separated\u2019_ . \r This \r was \r self-\u00ad\u2010defined,\nreflecting \r individual \r assessments\nof \r the \r integrity \r of \r their \r families.\nThe \r starting \r point \r for \r family\nseparation \r was \r the \r daftar \r al-\u00ad\u2010\u2019a\u2019ila\n\n[family \r book], \r which \r includes\nmembers \r of \r the \r nuclear \r family,\nbut \r it \r also \r covered \r extended\nfamily \r members, \r and \r included\ntemporary \r separation \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r with \r the\nintent \r of \r reuniting \r either \r in\nJordan \r or \r in \r Syria.\n\nRefugee \r families \r in \r Jordan \r are\nyounger \r than \r the \r Syrian \r norm. \r Children \r under \r 20 \r years \r old \r within \r the \r refugee \r population \r comprised \r 56\nper \r cent \r of \r the \r population, \r compared \r with \r 46 \r per \r cent \r in \r Syria \r in \r 2010. \r The \r proportion \r of \r women \r is \r also\nincreasing. \r Demographic \r analysis \r shows \r a \r relative \r dip \r in \r the \r number \r of \r men \r in \r their \r early \r 20s, \r possibly\nas \r they \r look \r for \r work \r elsewhere, \r or \r because \r they \r stayed \r behind \r in \r Syria. _Nearly \r one \r third \r of \r Syrian_\n_refugee \r families \r in \r Jordan \r with \r at \r least \r one \r child \r are \r headed \r by \r women._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bad32b03-18a8-3817-a0db-385ef1d31140/OUTSIDE-THE-CAMPS-executive-summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_512/raw/doc_512_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_512/raw/doc_512_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f14171537da2dfa8d62ba506b3b451437746e9c0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_512/raw/doc_512_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1041 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **\ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 -\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636**\n# **\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\ufedf\ufea4 \ufee0\ufffd\ufede \u0640\u0640\u0640 \ufe97\ufea4 \ufeaa\ufffd\ufe9a\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe97\ufea4**\n\n##### **\u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6 \u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0640 \u0648\ufedb \ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0640\u0627\ufef9\ufecb \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufef3\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeec\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\u064a \ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufedf \ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0640 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea8** **\u064a**\n\n**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n## **\ufffd\ufeac\u064a\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee8\ufed4 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee0\ufea8\ufeba**\n\n\n[1] \u0635\u060c \ufe8e \ufeb7\ufea8 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\u0627\ufedf \u0648\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea0\ufe8e\ufe91\ufe98\ufeec\ufe8e \u062f\u0648\u0631\ufeeb\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufef4\ufeee\u064a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufee4\ufeae\u0627\u0631\ufffd\ufe94 \ufffd\ufec0\ufee4\ufee6 \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6\u060c \u0648\ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufffd\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0645 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe8e\u062a (OPDs) \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n7 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \ufe97\u0628\ufee0\ufece \ufed3\ufe98\ufe8e\u0629\n\ufedf\ufe92\ufffd \ufe97\ufecc\ufeae\ufebf\ufe96 \u060c\ufeb3\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\u062a\n\u0648\ufedf\ufee2 \ufeb8\ufec8\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e\u060c\u0627\ufedf \ufffd\ufeb4\u0628\ufe90\n\ufe8e\u060c \ufebb\ufee8\ufe8e\ufecb\ufffd \ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae\ufed3 \u0628\ufecc\ufeaa \ufe97\ufe98\ufee0\ufed6\n\ufee3\ufeaa\u0631\ufeb3\ufe94 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufea3\ufe94 \ufffd\u064a \ufe97\ufed8\ufed2\n. \ufe9f\u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufffd\ufe8e \ufffd\u064a\n\u00a9Humanity &\nInclusion\n\n\n\n**\u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635** **\ufecb\ufeaa\u062f**\n**\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufeae\ufebf\u0646\u064a**\n\n**\u0628\ufed4\ufecc\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeae\u0628 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\u0628\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\u0627\ufffd\ufeb0 \ufed3\ufef4\ufeec\ufe8e \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629\u060c \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94\n\ufecb\ufeb4\ufedc\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \ufecb\ufee4\ufee0\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0625\ufebf\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\u062a\ufeb8\ufed4\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a\u060c \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufef9\ufffd\u0627\ufe8b\ufffd\ufee0\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufeee\u0627\u062a \ufee7\ufed4\ufeac\ufe97\ufeec\ufe8e \ufee3\ufe98\ufedc\ufeae\u0631\u0629 \ufeeb\ufea0\ufee4\ufe8e\u062a (OHCHR oPt) \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufedf\ufea4\ufed8\ufeee\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \ufee3\ufedc\ufe98\ufe90\n\u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0648\u062f\ufed3\ufeca \u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe8e\u0644 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\u0646\u064a \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8c\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\ufee3\ufed8\ufe98\ufede \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629\u060c \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\u062a\ufeb8\ufed4\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufecf\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe92\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufeaa\ufee3\ufffd\u064a \u0625\ufffd \u0649 \u0623\u062f \ufee3\ufe8e \ufee3\ufea4\ufffd\ufec4\ufeec\ufe8e\u060c \u0641\ufffd [ \u0623\u0648 ] \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\u062a\ufeb8\ufed4\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufeb7\u062a\u0628\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a\n\ufee3\ufeae\u0627\ufffd\ufeb0 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufed3\ufed8\ufec2 % 38\ufe9f\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe90 \u0625\ufffd \u060c \ufe94 \ufe9f\ufeb0\ufe8b\ufffd \ufec4\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0628 \ufe97\ufecc\ufee4\ufede ( 36\u0623\ufebb\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 )17\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\u062a\ufeb8\ufed4\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufee6 47%\ufeb3\ufeee\u0649 \ufef3\u062a\ufe92\ufed6 \ufedf\ufee2 \u060c 2025 \ufea3\ufffd\ufffd\ufeae\u0627\u0646/\ufef3\ufeee\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee 18\ufea6 **\u0640** \ufe97\ufe8e\u0631\ufffd\u0640 \u0648\ufea3\u0649 [48] .\u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufeb7\u0628\ufeea \u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufeec\ufffd\ufe8e\u0631 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe94\n\u0627\ufef7\ufec3\ufeae\u0627\u0641 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufea3\ufffd\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufedb\ufeb0 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e .\u0627\ufedf\ufec4\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u0641\ufffd [ \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e ] \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0641\ufffd [ \ufe97\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeb7\u0628\ufeea ] \u0627\ufee7\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\u0645 \ufee3\ufeca \u060c49 ( 162\u0623\ufebb\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 )62\u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufedf\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94\n\ufe8e\u062a **\ufffd** \ufee7\u062a\ufffd\ufea0\ufe94 \ufe9f\ufeb4\ufffd\ufee4\ufe94 \u0627\u0631 \ufef7\ufffd \u0636 \u0648\ufe97\ufecc\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\ufed7\ufee2 \u0648\ufee7\ufed8\ufeba \u0627\ufef9\ufee3\ufeaa\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \ufee7\ufed4\ufe8e\u062f \ufffd\ufeb4\u0628\ufe90 2023\u0627\ufef7\u0648\u0644/\u062f\ufffd\ufeb4\ufee4\ufffd\u0628 \u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0646 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \ufecb\ufee6 \ufed2 \ufe97\ufeee\ufed7 \ufed7\ufeaa \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \u0641\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede\n. [50,51] \ufedf\ufea4\ufffd\ufe8e\u0629 \u0627\u0627\ufef7\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufffd\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\u0628\ufed8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufecb\ufffd \ufed7\ufffd\ufeaa \ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf \ufee3\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0627\u0621 \ufea3\ufeaa \ufecb\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufedf\u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufed0\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufef7\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufea3\ufeae\u0645 \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u060c 2024\u0627\ufef3\ufeae \ufeb7\u0628\ufe8e\u0637/\ufed3\ufffd\u0628\u0641\ufffd \ufe9f\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufec4\ufed6 \u0648\ufecb\ufefc\u062c \u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufec7\ufffd\ufffd \u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\u062c \u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe92\ufffd\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\u062c \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u0641\ufffd [ \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e ] \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufef7\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufee2 \u0627\ufee7\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0625\ufffd \ufedf\ufee0\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufef4\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7 \u0627\ufedf\ufe92\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufeaa\ufee3\ufffd\u064a \u0649 \u0623\u062f \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e\n\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\u062c \u0648\ufea3\ufeaa\u0627\u062a \ufee3\ufee6 % 91\ufed3\ufe88\u0646 )\u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufee7\ufeae\u0648\u0627(\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufef4\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\u0646\u064a \u0648\ufffd\ufeb8\ufed0\ufffd\ufede \ufef9\ufecf\ufe8e\ufe9b\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \ufedf\ufeee\u0643\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94 \ufe8e \u0648\u0648\ufed3\ufed8 . \ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4 \u0627\ufef7\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeb0\u0629 \ufeca **\u0640** \ufe97\ufeee\u0632\ufffd\u0640\ufe97\ufeee\ufed7\ufed2 \ufe9f\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe90 \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee4\ufeca\u060c \u0648\ufed7\ufffd\ufe8e\u0633 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee0\ufed0\ufe94\u060c\n\ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635\ufe8e \ufe97\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufffd \ufe8e \u062f\ufecb\ufee4 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\u0645 \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe86\ufeb3\ufeb4\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufee6 \u0648\ufecf\ufffd\u064a\ufeeb\ufe8e \u060c (OPDs) \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufe84\ufe9b\ufeae\u062a \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e .\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\ufe8b\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621 \ufedf\ufee0\ufe98\ufeaa\ufee3\ufffd\u064a \ufebf\ufe96 \ufe97\ufecc\ufeae \ufed7\ufeaa \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe92\ufffd\ufffd\u064a\n\ufea7\ufee4\ufeb2 \ufecb\ufee6 \ufffd\ufed8\ufede \ufefb \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e \ufedf\ufefa\ufebb\ufefc\u062d \ufed7\ufe8e\u0628\ufee0\ufe94 \ufecf\ufffd\u064a \u0627\u0631 \u0623\ufffd \ufedf\ufea4\ufed8\ufe96 \ufed3\ufed8\ufeaa \u060c 2025\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631/\ufee3\ufe8e\u0631\u0633 \u0641\ufffd \u064a (Atfaluna) \ufedf\ufee0\ufebc\ufee2 \u0623\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e \ufe9f\ufee4\ufecc\ufffd\ufe94 \u0623\ufe9f\ufeae\ufe97\ufeea \ufe97\ufed8\ufef4\ufffd\ufee2 \u0648\ufffd\ufea4\ufeb4\ufe90 . \ufee3\u0628\ufe8e\ufffd \ufffd\ufeb8\u0643\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6\u060c \u0648\ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a\n\ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufede\"\u060c \ufee7\ufea0\ufeee\u0645 \u0648\"\ufe9f\ufee4\ufecc\ufffd\ufe94 \"\u0623\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e\" \ufe91\u064a\ufee8\ufeec\ufe8e \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeec\u064a \u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\u0631\ufffd\ufe90 \u060c (MHPSS) \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufec4\ufed6\u060c \u0648\ufecb\ufefc\u062c \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede\u060c \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\u0645 \ufee3\ufe86\ufeb3\ufeb4\ufe8e\u062a\n\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeb8\ufede \ufee3\ufe9c\ufede \ufee3\ufeb0\ufee3\ufee8\ufe94\u060c \u0623\ufee3\ufeae\u0627\u0636 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufffd\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufed3\ufed8\ufeaa \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e . [52] \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\ufea7\ufefc\u062a \u0648\ufe97\ufecc\ufec4\ufffd\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufee2 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe86\ufeb3\ufeb4\ufe8e\u062a \ufeeb\ufeac\u06d5 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0631\u0629 \u0641\ufffd [ \ufea3\ufe8e\u062f ] \u0627\ufee7\ufea8\ufed4\ufe8e\u0636 \u0625\ufffd \u0623\u062f\u0649\n\u0623\ufeb7\ufe8e\u0631\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe9c\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \ufeb3\u0628\ufffd\ufede \ufffd\ufed3\ufecc. [53] \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufed3\ufe8e\u0629 \u0625\ufffd \ufef3\ufe86\u062f\u064a \u0648\ufed7\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufeec\ufee2 \u0641\ufffd [ \ufea3\ufe8e\u062f ] \ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\ufeeb\ufeee\u0631 \ufebf\ufeec\ufee2 \ufffd\ufecc\ufeae \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\u062c\u060c \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0625\ufee3\u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufee0\ufe90\u060c \u0648\u0623\ufee3\ufeae\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufedc\ufeae\u064a\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0645\u060c \ufebf\ufed0\ufec2 \u0648\u0627\u0631\ufe97\ufed4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufee0\ufeee\u064a\u060c\n\ufecb\ufeaa\u062f\ufeeb\ufee2 \ufed7 \u0631 \ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufef3\ufee6 \u2013 **\u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufec3\ufe8e\u0646** **\ufee3\ufeae\ufffd\u0636** \ufed3\ufe88\u0646 \u060c \ufedb\ufeac\ufedf\ufeda . [54] \u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufed0\ufeb4\ufffd\ufede \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufeee\ufed3\ufeae \ufecb\ufeaa\u0645 \ufee7\u062a\ufffd\ufea0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeee\u062a \ufea7\ufec4\ufeae \ufef3\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeee\u0646 \u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufed4\ufeb8\ufede \ufee3\ufffd\ufffd\ufebe \ufecb\ufee6 1,100 \ufffd\ufed8\ufede \ufefb \ufee3\ufe8e \u0623\u0646 \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufe8e\u0631\ufffd\ufeae\n. \ufedf\ufee0\ufea4\ufffd\ufe8e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufed8\ufeac\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufef4\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0625\ufee3\u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufffd\ufe94 \ufed3\ufed8\ufeaa\u0648\u0627 [55] - \ufee3\ufffd\ufffd\ufebe 10,000\ufe91\ufee8\ufea4\ufeee \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \u0641\ufffd\n\n\u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe8e\u062a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufea3\ufebc\ufeee\u0644 \ufed3\ufeae\u0635 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufede \ufffd\ufed8\ufee0 \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe92\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \ufedf\ufee0\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufec3\ufffd\ufffd\ufee0\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe8e\u062a \ufed7\ufec4\ufeca \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\u0643\ufe8e\u0646 \u0627\ufebf\ufec4\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\u0646\ufeb8\u0622\u062a \ufecb\ufeaa\u062f \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\u062f \u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufea8\ufed4\ufe8e\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0648\n\ufef3\ufe86\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u060c [ \ufea3\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0626 ] \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufea0\ufe8e\u0629 \u0632\ufffd\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \ufee3\ufecc\ufeaa\ufefb\u062a \ufe91\ufeec\ufeaa\u0641 (triage) \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeae\u0632 \ufee7\ufec8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufeb7\ufe84\u0646 \u0627\ufefb\ufecb\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\u062f \ufecb\ufffd . \u0648 [56] \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufed7\ufe96 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufecb\ufffd \ufea3\ufeae\ufe9f\ufe94 \u0628\ufea0\ufeae\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufebc\ufe8e\ufe91\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeae\ufedb\ufffd\ufe94\n\n. [57] \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufee0\ufffd \u064a \u0641\ufffd [ \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\u062c \u0648\ufffd\ufec0\ufecc\ufed2 \ufed3\ufeae\ufebb\ufeec\ufee2 ] \u0636\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufebc\ufe8e\ufe91\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6 \ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0625\ufffd \ufe97\ufeae\u0627\ufe9f\ufeca \u0623\u0648\ufedf\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94\n\n\u0636 \ufecb\ufeae \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u060c \u0648\ufee3\ufee8\ufeec\ufffd\ufffd \ufee3\u0628\ufe8e\ufffd \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeec\ufeaa\u0627\u0641 \u0625\ufffd \u2013 \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0626 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufee2 \u0641\ufffd \u0623\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufedc\ufeee\ufee7\ufe8e\u062a \ufede \ufeb8\u0643\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a - \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufee8\ufed8\ufee0\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufffd\ufe8e\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufef9\ufeb3\ufecc\ufe8e\u0641 \ufeb3\ufffd\ufe8e\u0631\u0627\u062a \ufebf\ufe96 \ufe97\ufecc\ufeae \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e\n**\u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufee7\ufeae\u0648\u0627\u060c** **\u0648\u0648\u0643\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94** **\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u064a \u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeaa\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufed3\ufe8e\u0639** \ufee3\ufee6 \ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufe8e\ufffd **\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u064a \ufecf\ufffd\u064a** **\u0625\ufecb\ufeaa\u0627\u0645** \u0628\ufe84\ufee7\ufeea \ufebb\ufed2 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8e \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u0648\ufeb7\ufee4\ufede . [58] \u0625\ufebf\ufe8e\ufed3\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0625\ufffd \ufedf\ufee0\ufea4\ufffd\ufe8e\u0629 \ufee3\ufeec\ufeaa\u062f\u0629 \u0625\ufebb\ufe8e\u0628\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufee6 \ufffd\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635\n**\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe8e\u0644 \u0641\ufffd** **\ufedf\ufee0\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\u0646\u064a** **\u0627\ufefb\ufecf\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee4\ufeaa \ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeec\ufea0\ufe8e** **\ufeaa \ufffd\ufea0\ufeb4** \u060c \u0648\ufee3\ufeca \ufed3\ufeaa\u0627\ufea3\ufe94 \ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\u062f\u062b \u0627\ufef7\ufedf\ufffd\ufee2\u060c \u0625\ufefb \u0623\ufee7\ufeea 2025\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631/\ufee3\ufe8e\u0631\u0633 \u0641\ufffd \u0631\ufed3\ufea2 \ufee3\ufeaa\ufef3\ufee8\ufe94 \u0641\ufffd **\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u064a \u064a** 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\u0623\u0648 \ufe94 **\ufffd** \u0627\ufedf\u0628 \u0623\u0648\n\n[76] .\u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufe98\ufeec\ufe8e\u0643 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \u0623\ufecb\ufffd \ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe98\ufffd\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufebf\ufeec\ufee2 \ufecc\ufeae\u0648\ufffd\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n\ufeca **\u0640** \ufe97\ufeee\u0632\ufffd\u0640 \ufee7\ufed8\ufe8e\u0637 \ufea3\ufffd \ufecb\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0627\u062a \u0648\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufecb\ufffd 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"pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe9c\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe9a \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae\n\n\n\n**\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe92\u064a\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2**\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufeee\u0627\ufee3\ufede \ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeca \ufee7\u062a\ufffd\ufea0\ufe94\u060c 91 (GBV)\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \ufecb\ufffd \ufebf\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \ufecc\ufeae\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe8c\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe98\ufec0\ufecc\ufed4 \ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0623\ufffd\ufffd\u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\u0646\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufebc\ufee8\ufed2\ufe97\n\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufec8\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufeb7\u0628\u0643\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufeec\ufffd\ufe8e\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u060c\u0627\ufedf\ufffd [\u0646 \u0646] \ufee3\ufeee\u0627\ufed7\ufeca\u0641\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufffd\ufe98\ufec8\ufe8e\u0638 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufedc\ufeae\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\ufedf\ufffd [\u0646 \u0646] \ufeb3\ufffd\ufe8e\u0642\u0641\ufffd \u0648\u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u0627\ufef9\ufeb7\ufed0\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \u0648\ufea3\ufed6 \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeb4\ufedc\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe97\u0628\ufec2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufeae\u0634\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2\u060c \ufffd\ufeb8\ufee4\ufede \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e \u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c\n\ufec2\ufffd\ufeb4\ufee0 \u0623\u0646 \ufffd\ufee4\ufedc\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u060c **\u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94** **\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a** **\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufeae** **\ufea3\ufeb4\ufe90** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufebc\ufee8\ufed4\ufe94** **\u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufffd\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe8e\u062a\u0641\ufffd** **\ufedb\ufe92\ufffd\u064a** **\ufee7\ufed8\ufeba** \ufeeb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0643 \ufef3\ufeb0\u0627\u0644 \ufefb \u060c\ufffd\ufe8e\ufef9\ufebf\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe94 \u0625\ufffd \ufecb\ufeee\u0627\ufee3\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufecc\ufed2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe8e\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufe94 \u0648 .\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94\n\u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6\u060c\u0641\ufffd \u0627\u062a\ufedb\ufe92\ufffd\u064a \u0623\u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\u0628\ufe8e\u062a \ufedb\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0627\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\u0646\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0621\u060c \u0648\ufe97\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeea. \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\ufefb \ufeb3\ufffd\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6 \u0627\u062a\ufedb\ufe92\ufffd\u064a \ufedf\ufeea \ufe97\ufe98\ufecc\ufeae\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\u064a \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u062f\u0629 \u0623\ufee7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0637 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufeee\u0621\n\ufecb\ufffd \ufea3\ufebc\ufeee\ufedf\ufeec\ufee6 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \ufe97\ufea4\ufeee\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeee\u0627\ufe8b\ufed6 \ufed4\ufe8e\ufed7\ufee2\u0648\ufffd \u060c\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \ufe97\ufecc\ufeae\ufebf\ufeec\ufee6 \u0627\ufea3\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufef3\ufffd\ufffd\ufeaa \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e \u060c\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufef4\ufffd\u064a \ufee3\ufee6 \u0648\ufee3\u062a\ufeb8\ufecc\u0628\ufe94 \ufee3\ufe98\ufecc\ufeaa\u062f\u0629 \u0623\ufeb7\u0643\ufe8e\ufffd \u0625\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c \u0628\ufeaa\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\ufee3\ufeca\n. \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0627\ufecb\ufee4\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a\n\n. 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[108] \ufee3\ufee8\ufeec\ufe8e \ufffd\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufef9\ufed7\ufebc\ufe8e\u0621 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94 \u0648\ufeeb\ufeee \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\u064a \u0627\ufeb3\u062a\ufe98\ufe92\ufeca \ufe97\ufed4\ufe8e\ufed7\ufee2 \u060c( )WGSS\n\ufea7\ufebc\ufeee\ufebb\ufe8e \u2013 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufe9f\ufe8e\u0644 \ufedf\ufeaa\u0649 \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \ufecb\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufed3\ufebc\ufe8e\u062d \u0648\ufffd\ufec8\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94. \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufecb\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufebc\ufeee\u0644 \ufea3\ufed8\ufeee\ufed7\ufeec\ufee2\u060c \u0648\ufed3\ufeec\ufee2 \u0627\ufef9\u0628\ufefc\u063a\u060c \ufecb\ufffd \ufed7\ufeaa\u0631\ufe97\ufeec\ufee2 \ufe97\ufecc\ufef4\ufed6 \ufe97\ufeee\u0627\ufebb\ufee0\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a\n~~.~~ . [109] \ufedf\ufee0\ufed0\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f \u2013 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeec\ufee2 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0648\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6 \ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\u0627\ufe91\ufeca\n\n\n\n**\ufed4\ufe98\ufecc\ufede\u0627\ufedf\ufee4** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a** **\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufef4\ufed6** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\ufec3\ufffd\u064a** **/ \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a** **\u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeac\u0627\u0621**\n\n\n\n\u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe96 \u0627\ufea3\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\ufffd\u064a \u060c \ufea7\ufec4\ufffd\u064a \ufffd\ufeb8\u0643\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufebf\ufec4\ufeae\u0627\u0628\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufea3\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufed4\ufe8e\ufed7\ufee2 \u0641\ufffd \ufebb\ufe8e\u062f\ufee3\ufe94\u060c \u0623\ufea3\ufeaa\u0627\u062b \u0648\ufee3\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufffd\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeec\ufea0\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\u0627\ufeb3\ufeca\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\ufee3\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufeae \u0623\ufeb7\ufeec \ufffd\ufeb4\u0628\u0628\ufe96\n. 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n\ufee3\ufe92\ufe98\ufeee\u0631\u0629 7 \ufeb3\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\u062a\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \ufe97\u0628\ufee0\ufece \ufed3\ufe98\ufe8e\u0629\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede \u0625\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufe98\ufee0\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0642\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe8e\ufe91\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufffd\ufeaa\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \ufed3\ufffd\ufffd\ufed6 \ufee3\ufee6\n\ufe9f\u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufffd\ufe8e \ufffd\u064a \u062f\ufee3\ufe8e\u062c\u0648\u0627\ufef9 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\u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u062f\ufecb\ufee2 \ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufffd\ufffd\ufeb0 \ufe97\ufeee\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94 \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufec4\ufe94 \u0648\ufe97\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\ufeac\n\u0627\ufe97\ufffd\ufea0\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufeb3\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufebc\ufeee\u0644 \u0628\ufede\ufeb3 \ufea3\ufeee\u0644 \ufe9f\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa\u0629 \ufe91\ufffd\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe8e\u062a \u0623\ufebb\u064a\ufe92\ufeee\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufef3\ufee6 \u0623\u0648 \ufe8e\ufea3\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe9c \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufebc\ufe8e\ufe91\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0625\u0631\ufeb7\ufe8e\u062f \u0641\ufffd \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufee2 \ufee3\ufe8e \u0627\ufef7\ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0646\u060c \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufef9\ufeb3\ufecc\ufe8e\u0641\n\n[127] .\u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufea0\ufe8e\u064a\u0628 \u064a \ufed2\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufedc\ufffd\n\n(Emergency \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0644\u0641\ufffd \ufedf\ufee0\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe98\ufea0\ufef4\ufe92\u0646\u064a \ufeb7\u0628\ufedc\ufe94(Protection Cluster) \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \ufeca \u0648\ufeb3 \u0627\ufef9\u062f\ufee3\ufe8e\u062c\u060c \ufee3\u0628\ufe8e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \ufec3\ufee0\ufffd\ufecc\ufe94\u0641\ufffd \ufe97\ufed8\ufed2 \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe98\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a \u062f\ufecb\ufee2 \ufedf\ufec0\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \u0648\n\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe8c\ufe94 \u0627\ufefb\ufecb\ufe98\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0641\ufffd \ufffd\ufe84\ufea7\ufeac \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \ufffd\ufffd\ufe97\ufea4\ufee0 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufe8e\ufee3\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeee\u0637 \u0641\ufffd \u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea0\ufe8e\u0628\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufebb\ufeaa \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufec4\ufe94 \ufffd\ufeb8\ufee4\ufede \u0623\u0646 \u060c \ufedf\ufec0\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646Protection Responders - EPR)\n\u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0626 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufea0\ufef4\u064a\u0628\u064a \ufed7\u0628\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufef7\ufed3\ufeae\u0627\u062f \u0628\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufebb\ufeaa \u0623\ufeb3\ufed4\ufeae \u0648\ufed7\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6. \u0648\ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufee3\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufe94 \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0648\ufe97\ufea4\ufffd\ufffd\ufee0\ufeec\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa \u0648\ufffd\ufeb4\ufeec\ufffd\ufede \u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c\n\ufed3\ufffd\ufffd\ufed6 \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufe84 \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94. \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631\ufeb3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe9e **\u0640** \u0648\ufffd\u0640\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629\u060c \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644\u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufe8b\ufffd\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe8c\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeec\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeb0 \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa \ufecb\ufee6 (PSEA) \u0627\ufedf\ufea0\u0646\ufeb4\ufef4\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufecb\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627\u0621 \u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe98\ufed0\ufefc\u0644 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeca \u0648\ufeb7\u0628\ufedc\ufe94\n\u0648\u0648\ufebf\ufeca \ufe97\ufed4\ufecc\ufffd\ufee0\ufeea \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e \ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \ufed3\ufffd\ufffd\ufed6 \ufee3\ufeca \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufe8e\u0648\u0646 \u0648\ufffd\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e\u060c \ufedf\ufe98\u062a\ufe92\ufeca\ufe8e \ufee7\ufec8\ufe8e\ufee3(Mine Action AoR) \u0625\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629\u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufeba \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede\n\ufe91\ufe98\ufec4\ufffd\ufffd\ufeae (EORE Technical Working Group) \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0628\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \ufedf\ufee0\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufffd\ufffd\ufed6 \u0648\ufed7\ufe8e\u0645 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629. \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \u0631\ufffd\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufffd \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufee3\ufea8\ufebc\ufeba \u0625\ufea3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0631\n\u0627\ufedf\ufefc\u0632\ufee3\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\u0628\ufed8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufef4\ufeca \ufe91\ufeec\ufeaa\u0641 \ufedf\ufee0\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe98\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0628\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94 \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufec4\ufe94 \ufebf\ufee4\ufee6 \ufedf\ufefa\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94(IEC) \u0648\ufee3\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe97\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe97\ufeee\ufecb\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeee\u0627\u062f\n. \ufed7\ufffd\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufffd\ufe8e\u0629\n\n##### **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufeac\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe97\u0628\ufec4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a**\n\n\ufecc\ufeaa \u0648\ufe97 \u0631\u0629. \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe98\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufecb\ufffd \u0643\ufe8e\u0621\u0627\ufedf\ufffd \ufed7\ufeaa\u0631\u0629 \ufffd\ufecc\ufeee\u0642 \u0631\ufe8b\ufffd\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe8e\ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufe8e \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \ufed7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639 \u0623\ufee7\ufea4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed2\u0641\ufffd \ufe8e\u0644\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufecc \u0627\ufedf\u062a\ufeb8\ufed0\ufffd\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufffd\u064a [\u0651\ufffd] \u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\u0645 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufef4\ufeee\u062f \ufffd\ufeb8\u0643\ufede\n\ufee3\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufe94 \u0648\ufffd \u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 . \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeae\ufedb\ufe94 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufffd\ufeaa\u0629\ufee3\ufffd [\u062a\ufffd] \u0627\ufed7\ufef4\ufeee\u062f \u0627\ufedf\u0628\ufee0\ufea2 \u0648\u062f\ufef3\ufeae \ufea7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee\ufffd\ufeb2 \ufee3\ufe9c\ufede \ufee3\ufe98\ufe8e\ufea3\ufe94 \ufffd\ufeb4\u0628\ufffd\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe8e\u0628\ufed8\ufe8e \u0643\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe96 \ufee3\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufed6 \ufe97\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeea \ufe91\u064a\ufee8\ufee4\ufe8e \u060c\ufffd\ufeaa\u0627\ufe97\ufed8\ufef4 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufed6 \u0623\ufffd\ufffd \ufee3\ufee6 \u0648\u0631\ufed3\ufea2 \ufecf\ufeb0\u0629 \ufeb7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufea4\ufe8e\ufed3\ufec8\ufe98\ufe8e\n\u060c (MHPSS) \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a 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\u0628\ufea4\ufee0\ufeee\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \u0648\ufed3\ufeae\u0642 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\u0646\ufeb4\ufef4\ufed6 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeee\u0649 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufeaa\u0631\u0627\u062a \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufe9f\ufeec\ufeee\u062f \ufebf\ufee4\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2025 \ufef3\ufeee\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee** **| (oPt)\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0636 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufee0\ufeb4\ufec4\ufef4\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee0\ufe94**\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufe9c\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe9a\n\n**\u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a** 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\ufe97\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeec\ufe8e \u0648\u0627\ufedf\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe97\u0628\ufec4\ufe94 \ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufed8\n\n\ufee3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee4\ufeae\u0629 \u0648\ufee3\ufeae\u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufe94 \ufe97\ufeaa\u0631\ufffd\ufe90 \ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufee2 \u060c \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee8\ufed2 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \u0648\ufee3\ufeaa\ufef3\ufeae\u064a \u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\u0646\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\ufee3\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\u064a \u060c (OPDs) \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufe8e\u0648\u0646 . \ufecb\ufe8e\u0645 2025 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe8e\u062a \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \ufecb\ufee4\ufee0\ufffd\ufe94 \u0625\u0631\ufeb7\ufe8e\u062f\u0627\u062a \ufe97\ufeee\ufed3\ufffd\u064a \u0625\ufffd \u0628\ufe8e\ufef9\ufebf\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe94 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c \ufe97\ufeae\u0627\ufffd\u064a \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94 \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\ufee2 \u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufea3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufef5\ufee3\ufee6\u060c \u0627\ufef9\ufed3\ufebc\ufe8e\u062d \u0622\ufedf\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufea3\ufeee\u0644\n\n\ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a 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\u0648\u0627\ufedf\u0646\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6\u060c \u0627\u062a \ufedb\ufe92\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\u0646\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufebf\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufef4\ufffd\u064a \ufee3\ufee8\ufeca \u0625\ufffd \ufe97\ufeec\ufeaa\u0641 \u0627\ufe97\ufffd\ufea0\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufeb3\ufffd \ufe97\ufe92\u064a \u064a \ufef3\u0646\u0628\ufffd \u064a \u0643\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a. \ufeeb\ufeac\u06d5\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe98\ufee4\ufecc\ufffd\ufe94 . \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufebb\ufee8\ufeca \u0648\ufeeb\ufffd\ufe8e\ufffd\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufedc\u0646\u064a \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufec4\ufe94 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\u0627\ufe91\ufeca\n\n**\ufed4\ufe98\ufecc\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee4** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a** **\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufef4\ufed6** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\ufec3\ufffd\u064a** **/ \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a** **\u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeac\u0627\u0621**\n\n**\u0627\ufef7\ufecb\ufec0\ufe8e\u0621** **\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\u0644** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufea4\ufe94** **\u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufeec\ufe8e\u062a**\n\n\ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufeee\ufed3\ufffd\u064a \ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\u062f\ufee3\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufffd\ufffd\ufede \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\ufee3\ufed8\ufeaa\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94 (MHPSS) \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufe94 \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\u062a\ufe9c\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631 . \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6 \u0648\ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufeca \ufee3\ufe98\ufec4\ufee0\u0628\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufe98\ufeee\u0627\ufed3\ufed6 \ufea7\ufebc\ufffd\ufebc\ufe8e\n\n**\u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeb4\ufe8e\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede** **\ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufeee\ufee3\ufe94**\n\n\u0623\ufed3\ufec0\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe98\ufea8\ufee0\ufebc\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0631\u0648\u0633 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufed4\ufffd\ufeaa\ufef3\ufee6 \u0644\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufffd [\u0646 \u0646] \ufe91\u064a\ufe8c\ufe94 \ufebf\ufee4\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee6\u060c \u0648\ufedb\u0628\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufef7\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed3\ufef4\ufeec\ufee2 \u0628\ufee4\ufee6 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94\u060c \u0630\u0648\u064a \ufedf\ufef8\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \ufe94 **\ufffd** \u0627\ufef7 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee8\ufee4\ufe8e\u0630\u062c \u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufedf\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \ufe91\ufffd\ufecb\ufec4\ufe8e\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\u0628\ufeaa\u0621 \ufea7\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0641\ufffd \ufee3\ufee8\ufeec\ufffd\ufffd\u064a \ufffd\ufeb8\u0643\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631\ufeb3\ufe8e\u062a \ufeeb\ufeac\u06d5 \u0625\u062f\ufee3\ufe8e\u062c \u0648\ufebf\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \u0627\ufef7\ufffd\u0629\u060c \ufecb\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0648\ufe97\ufecc\ufffd\ufffd\ufeb0 (deinstitutionalization) \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe86\ufeb3\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe8e\ufe91\ufeca \u0625\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94 \ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0644 \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\ufedf\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631\ufeb3\ufe8e\u062a\n. \ufecb\ufe8e\u0645 2025 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufe94\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufeb2\n\n**\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \ufecf\ufffd\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae** **\u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f**\n\n\n**\u0627\ufef7\ufecb\ufec0\ufe8e\u0621** **\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\u0644**\n\n\n\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u060c (EHA) \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \ufecb\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e\ufe97\ufea0\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\ufea7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe97\ufed8\ufef4\ufffd\ufee2 \u0623\ufffd\ufeb8\ufec4\ufe94 \ufee7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0642 \ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufeb3\ufef4\ufeca \ufea8\ufebc\ufeba \ufecb\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufede \u0648\ufee3 \ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufffd\ufffd\ufede \u0627\ufef7\u0648\ufedf\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\ufffd\ufecb\ufec4\ufe8e\u0621 \u060c (MA) \u0644\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeee\u0631\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufffd\ufeb4\ufeec\ufffd\ufede \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufeee\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeae\u062f\ufffd\ufe94 . \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\u0622\u0648\u064a \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u060c \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\u064a \u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebf\ufeca \ufee6 \ufe97\ufea4\ufeb4 \u0648\ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufef4\ufffd\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufe98\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe92\u0646\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea0\ufe8e\u0628\ufe94\n\n**\u0627\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufffd** **[\u0646 \u0646]** **\u0623\ufec3\ufeae\u0627\u0641**\n\n\u0643\ufee4\ufe8e \ufef3\ufe98\ufecc\u0646\u064a. \ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0648\u0631\ufffd\ufe94 \ufef9\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\u0643\ufe8e\u0645 \u0648\ufe97\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\ufeac \ufecb\ufee4\ufee0\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufec4\ufeec\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufee0\ufeba \u0627\ufef5 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufec4\ufe8e\ufedf\u0628\ufe94 \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeae\ufed3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeee\u0631\u064a \ufedf\ufea0\ufee4\ufef4\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufef4\ufeee\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufed4\ufeae\u0648\ufebf\ufe94 \ufecb\ufffd \u062f\ufea7\ufeee\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeee\u0627\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufffd \ufef9\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\u0643\ufe8e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\ufedf\ufeda \ufedf\ufee0\ufea4\ufeaa \ufee3\ufee6 \ufecc\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeee\ufeb3 \u060c \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufee0\ufeba( \u0628\ufee4\ufe8e \ufef3\u062a\ufef4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\ufeac \ufecb\ufee4\ufee0\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufffd\ufeb4\ufeec\ufffd\ufede \ufe9f\ufee4\ufef4\ufeca \u0627\ufef9\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufee0\ufffd\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufe8e\ufebb\ufe94 \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 )\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed8\ufede\u060c \u0627\ufef9\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufebc\u0646\u064a\n\u064a \ufef3\ufe98\ufecc\ufeae\u0636 \ufedf\ufeec\ufe8e \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeae\ufedb\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufeb4\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufeeb\ufee8\ufffd\ufe94. \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeee\u0627\ufe8b\ufed6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e\u062f\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeec\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\u0626\n\n**\u0627\ufef9\ufffd\ufeb4\ufe8e\u064a** **\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede** **\ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufeee\ufee3\ufe94**\n\n\n\ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufe8e\u062a \ufecb\ufffd\u0628 \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\u0646\ufeb4\ufef4\ufed6 \u0648\u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u060c \u0648\ufffd\ufea3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufeec\ufee2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufecc\ufefc\u062c \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \ufebf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufffd\ufeaa \u0622\ufedf\ufffd\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufed4\ufecc\ufffd\ufede \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufedf\ufee0\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe8e \u0648\u0627\ufef9\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0627\ufecb\ufee4\ufe94 \ufe98\ufeaa\ufea7\ufefc\u062a \u0627\ufedf \ufee7\ufec4\ufe8e\u0642 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufef4\ufeca . \ufecb\ufe8e\u0645 2025 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 (MHPSS) \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufffd\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufecb\ufee2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb\ufffd\ufede\u060c \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufe94\u060c \u0641\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea8\ufebc\ufebc\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufeec\ufe8e\u062a\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe98\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufeca \u0628\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufe8e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\u0627\ufebb\ufee0\ufffd\ufe94\u060c \u0627\ufefb\ufea3\ufe98\ufffd\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufe8e\u062a \ufe97\ufee8\ufffd\u0639 \ufe97\ufeae\u0627\ufffd\u064a \ufed4\ufe94 \ufee3\ufedc\ufffd \u0628\ufebc\ufef4\ufece (EORE-CPP) [ \ufea3\ufe8e\ufefb\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufffd\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0639 ] \ufe90 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufffd\ufe94 \ufffd\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufeeb \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0628\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufffd\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeee\u0627\u062f \ufe97\ufec4\ufffd\ufffd\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\u062f\u0645 . \ufeca **\u0640** \u0627\ufedf\ufffd\ufffd \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeec\ufee4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\u0628\ufed8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufecb\ufffd \ufed7\ufffd\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufffd\ufe8e\u0629 \u0625\ufffd \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \ufedf\ufec0\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufeca **\u0640** \u0640 **\ufffd** \u0648 \ufffd\ufeb8\ufec2 \u0627\ufee7\u062a\ufeb8\ufe8e\u0631 \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \ufeae\u0627\ufed3\ufed6 \ufef3 \ufffd \u0623\u0646 \ufecb \u060c (OPDs) \u0627\ufef9\ufecb\ufe8e\ufed7\ufe94 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0628\ufe8e\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee8\ufffd\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufec8\ufee4\ufe8e\u062a\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**For further information please contact the Protection Cluster:** [ohchr-protectioncluster-opt@un.org](mailto:ohchr-protectioncluster-opt@un.org)\n\n**Child Protection AoR:** [Ranjini Paskarasingam | rpaskarasingam@unicef.org](mailto:rpaskarasingam@unicef.org)\n\n**GBV AoR:** [Mwajuma Msangi | msangi@unfpa.org](mailto:msangi@unfpa.org)\n\n**Legal Task Force:** [Nader Muaddi | nader.muaddi@nrc.no](mailto:nader.muaddi@nrc.no)\n\n**Housing, Land and Property:** [Shereen Al Abdallah | shereen.abdallah@nrc.no](mailto:shereen.abdallah@nrc.no)\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n##### **ENDNOTES**\n\n\n1 Ministry of Heath statistics as of 1 July 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza.\n\n2 [WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[gaza---final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n3 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n4 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n5 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n6 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n7 [Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n8 Organizations of persons with disabilities (OPDs) are defined as representative organizations of persons with disabilities, majority-governed and led by\npersons with disabilities for persons with disabilities.\n\n9 The Protection Cluster systematically tracks 15 protection risks as defined in the Global Protection Cluster Protection Analytical Framework (PAF). Five\nkey risks spotlighted in this report were identified through a participatory approach including surveys and focus group discussions with OPDs, Gaza\nDisability Working Group members, and OPT Protection Cluster partners.\n\n10 [Ministry of Heath statistics as of 1 July 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza.](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6691)\n\n11 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n12 [UN News, Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear halts search for thousands buried under rubble, 22 April 2025. Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n[halts search for thousands buried under rubble | UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n13 OHCHR documented the repeated attacks on hospitals and military operations and combat within and in the vicinity of hospitals, which has led to\nthe destruction of the majority of hospitals in Gaza, the killing of hundreds of health and medical professionals, and pushed the healthcare system to\nthe point of almost complete collapse. The destruction of the healthcare system has reverberating impacts extending beyond the physical structures,\nresulting in loss of access to essential, life-saving treatment as well as loss of care for chronic illnesses, turning non-threatening conditions into\npotentially life-altering or fatal ones.\n\n14 [Khatib, Rasha et al., Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential, The Lancet, Volume 404, Issue 10449, 237 \u2013 238.](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3/fulltext#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DBy%20June%2019%2C%202024%2C%2037%20396%20people%20had%2CIsraeli%20intelligence%20services%2C%202%20the%20UN%2C%20and%20WHO)\n\n15 [WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n16 [OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024), 31 December 2024. Attacks](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n[on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n17 [Ministry of Health, 24 March 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6391)\n\n18 [Ministry of Health, 17 April 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6466)\n\n19 [Save the Children, Gaza: Explosive Weapons Left 15 Children a Day with Potentially Lifelong Disabilities in 2024, 14 January 2025. GAZA: EXPLOSIVE](https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-explosive-weapons-left-15-children-day-potentially-lifelong-disabilities-2024)\n\n[WEAPONS LEFT 15 CHILDREN A DAY WITH POTENTIALLY LIFELONG DISABILITIES IN 2024 | Save the Children International](https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-explosive-weapons-left-15-children-day-potentially-lifelong-disabilities-2024)\n\n20 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n21 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n22 Child Protection Area of Responsibility case management database analysis, June 2025.\n\n23 Child Protection Area of Responsibility case management database analysis, June 2025.\n\n24 The Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) holds the main dataset on disability in Gaza, however data collected is based on a medical approach\nto disability that risks excluding a wide range of individuals considered to have a disability as per the CRPD definition. MoSD established an updated\nReduced Intake Form following the escalation of hostilities in Gaza in October 2023, however data collected using the form has been impacted by the\nhigh volume of displacement across Gaza and ongoing insecurity and requires additional verification.\n\n25 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n26 [HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n27 [HelpAge International, Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-Gaza conflict, October 2023. Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n[Gaza conflict - HelpAge International](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n28 [Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/postar.aspx?lang=ar&ItemID=5842](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/postar.aspx?lang=ar&ItemID=5842)\n\n29 [HelpAge International, Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-Gaza conflict, October 2023. Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n[Gaza conflict - HelpAge International](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n30 Older persons are at greater risk from infectious diseases in compromised hygiene conditions. See: HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering:\n[The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza; and HelpAge](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\nInternational, Achieveing Universal Health Coverage fir for an ageing world, 2022.\n\n31 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. 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In this regard, the specific\nrequirements of women, men, girls, and boys with disabilities and older women and men must be taken into account. The Convention on the Rights\nof Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) further requires duty bearers to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety and protection of persons with\ndisabilities, however the UN Commission of Inquiry found that Israeli forces did not offer assistance to those unable to evacuate due to age, illness,\ndisability or other status in the course of military operations in Gaza.\n\n33 UN Human Rights Council, Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel,\nDetailed Findings on the Military Operations and Attacks Carried Out in the Occupied Palestinian Territory from 7 October to 31 December 2023. A/\n[HRC/56/CRP.4, June 10, 2024, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-crp-4.pdf,](http://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-crp-4.pdf)\npara. 92.\n\n34 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n35 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n36 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n37 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n38 [International Rescue Committee, Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Gaza, August 2024, UASC in Gaza (Complete Report)_1.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/2025-01/UASC%20in%20Gaza%20%28Complete%20Report%29_1.pdf)\n\n39 [UNICEF, Programme Brief: Gaza Strip Unaccompanied and Separated Children, 2024. v3 Thematic Paper on UASC Nov 15 2024 highlight_final](https://www.unicef.org/sop/media/4426/file/Programme%20Brief%20Gaza%20Strip%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Sperated%20Children.pdf.pdf)\n\n40 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n41 Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Towards Greater Inclusion: A Discussion Paper on\nthe CAAC Mandate and Children with Disabilities in Armed Conflict, December 2023. https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/wp-content/\nuploads/2023/12/Towards-Greater-Inclusion-high-res-no-bleed.pdf, p. 29 (accessed February 26, 2024).\n\n42 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n43 [UN News, Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear halts search for thousands buried under rubble, 22 April 2025. Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n[halts search for thousands buried under rubble | UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n44 [OHCHR, \u2018Assault on children\u2019: UN experts condemn renewed attacks on UNRWA schools in Gaza and East Jerusalem, 20 May 2025. \u2018Assault on](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/05/assault-children-un-experts-condemn-renewed-attacks-unrwa-schools-gaza-and)\n\n[children\u2019: UN experts condemn renewed attacks on UNRWA schools in Gaza and East Jerusalem | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/05/assault-children-un-experts-condemn-renewed-attacks-unrwa-schools-gaza-and)\n\n45 [Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n46 ICRC Customary IHL Study, Rule 110.\n\n47 ICRC Customary IHL Study, Rules 25 and 28.\n\n48 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n49 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n50 [WHO, WHO analysis highlights vast unmet rehabilitation needs in Gaza, September 2025. WHO EMRO | WHO analysis highlights vast unmet](https://www.emro.who.int/fr/media/actualites/who-analysis-highlights-vast-unmet-rehabilitation-needs-in-gaza.html)\n\n[rehabilitation needs in Gaza | Actualit\u00e9s | Centre des m\u00e9dias](https://www.emro.who.int/fr/media/actualites/who-analysis-highlights-vast-unmet-rehabilitation-needs-in-gaza.html)\n\n51 [WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[gaza---final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n52 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n53 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n54 [Al Jazeera, Gaza\u2019s kidney patients face dialysis crisis at jam-packed hospitals, 25 October 2023. Gaza\u2019s kidney patients face dialysis crisis at jam-packed](https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/25/terrifying-hope-shrinks-for-gazas-dialysis-patients-at-packed-hospitals)\n\n[hospitals | Israel-Palestine conflict News | Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/25/terrifying-hope-shrinks-for-gazas-dialysis-patients-at-packed-hospitals)\n\n55 [Ministry of Health (Gaza), Annual Report 2023, The Israeli Aggression Against Palestinians in 2023. https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq](https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf)\n\n[8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf](https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf)\n\n56 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n57 [UNRWA, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza, 24 June, 2025, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza | UNRWA](https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/protection-brief-situation-older-persons-gaza)\n\n58 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n59 [OHCHR, Unlawful killings in Gaza and the imperative for accountability, 28 May 2025. UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Unlawful killings in Gaza and the](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-and-imperative-accountability-enar)\n\n[imperative for accountability](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-and-imperative-accountability-enar)\n\n60 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf; UNICEF, Humanitarian Situation\n[Report No.34, 30 January 2025. State of Palestine-2024-2025-01-30](https://www.unicef.org/media/167341/file/State-of-Palestine-Humanitarian-SitRep-No.-34%2C-31-December-2024.pdf.pdf)\n\n61 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n62 [Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n63 [OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gaza Situation Report 2025", - "confidence": 0.6936194896697998, - "start": 340, - "end": 344 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children", - "confidence": 0.5823575258255005, - "start": 334, - "end": 339 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.96431565284729, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9439175724983215, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8062780499458313, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and older persons", - "confidence": 0.8041959404945374, - "start": 315, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams", - "confidence": 0.8830288648605347, - "start": 793, - "end": 799 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.9751816391944885, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9649943709373474, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6123679280281067, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Emergency Medical Teams", - "confidence": 0.735516369342804, - "start": 796, - "end": 799 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.9150267839431763, - "start": 1230, - "end": 1236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8254423141479492, - "start": 1245, - "end": 1247 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9424467086791992, - "start": 1217, - "end": 1218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.978285551071167, - "start": 1220, - "end": 1221 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Elderly People", - "confidence": 0.5009490251541138, - "start": 1207, - "end": 1209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n64 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), Gaza Strip: IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis Special Brief (April \u2013 September 2025), 12 May 2025.\n\n[Gaza Strip: IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis Special Brief | April - September 2025 (Published on 12 May 2025)](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-strip-ipc-acute-food-insecurity-analysis-special-brief-april-september-2025-published-12-may-2025#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DFrom%2011%20May%20to%20the%20end%20of%20September%2Cacute%20food%20insecurity%20%28IPC%20Phase%203%20or%20above%29)\n\n65 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n66 [ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n[Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n67 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n68 [Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the Palestinian children\u203as situation on the eve of the Palestinian Child Day, 5 April 2025. PCBS | H.E. Dr. Awad,](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=5965)\n\n[highlights the Palestinian children\u203as situation on the eve of the Palestinian Child Day, 05/04/2025.](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=5965)\n\n69 [OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 07 May 2025. Humanitarian Situation Update #286 | Gaza Strip | United Nations Office for the](https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-286-gaza-strip)\n\n[Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory](https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-286-gaza-strip)\n\n70 A statement from Dr. Haitham Al-Saqqa, Nutrition Programs Manager at the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS), dated 26 May 2025.\n\n71 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n72 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n73 OHCHR Disability Advisor consultations with three partner organizations in Deir al Balah, February 2025.\n\n74 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n75 [HRW, Gaza: Israeli Attacks, Blockade Devastating for People with Disabilities, 1 November 2023. Gaza: Israeli Attacks, Blockade Devastating for People](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/01/gaza-israeli-attacks-blockade-devastating-people-disabilities)\n\n[with Disabilities | Human Rights Watch](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/01/gaza-israeli-attacks-blockade-devastating-people-disabilities)\n\n76 [ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n[Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n77 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n78 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n79 [OPT Protection Cluster, Devastating Lack of Shelter Exacerbates Risk of Harm to Palestinians in Gaza, 6 February 2025. Devastating Lack of Shelter](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/devastating-lack-shelter-exacerbates-risk-harm-palestinians-gaza)\n\n[Exacerbates Risk of Harm to Palestinians in Gaza - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/devastating-lack-shelter-exacerbates-risk-harm-palestinians-gaza)\n\n80 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n81 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n82 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n83 [OHCHR, Desperate Palestinian seeking food killed in Gaza, 18 June 2025. Desperate Palestinians seeking food killed in Gaza - occupied Palestinian](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/desperate-palestinians-seeking-food-killed-gaza)\n\n[territory | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/desperate-palestinians-seeking-food-killed-gaza)\n\n84 Garb, Yaakov, 2025, \u00abThe Israeli/American/GHF \u201caid distribution\u201d compounds in Gaza: Dataset and initial analysis of location, context, and internal\n[structure\u00bb, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QB75LB, Harvard Dataverse, V1; Garb (2025) Description and context of dataset on Gaza aid compounds](https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QB75LB)\n20250603.pdf\n\n85 [OHCHR, Gaza: Palestinians seeking food continue to be killed by Israeli military, 24 June 2025. Gaza: Palestinians seeking food continue to be killed by](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2025/06/gaza-palestinians-seeking-food-continue-be-killed-israeli-military)\n\n[Israeli military | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2025/06/gaza-palestinians-seeking-food-continue-be-killed-israeli-military)\n\n86 [UNICEF, Humanitarian Situation Report No.34, 30 January 2025. State of Palestine-2024-2025-01-30](https://www.unicef.org/media/167341/file/State-of-Palestine-Humanitarian-SitRep-No.-34%2C-31-December-2024.pdf.pdf)\n\n87 [Humanity & Inclusion, 100 days of chaos in Gaza: disabled people are deprived of everything, 12 January 2024. 100 days of chaos in Gaza: disabled](https://www.hi.org/en/news/100-days-of-chaos-in-gaza--disabled-people-are-deprived-of-everything-)\n\n[people are deprived of everything | HI](https://www.hi.org/en/news/100-days-of-chaos-in-gaza--disabled-people-are-deprived-of-everything-)\n\n88 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n89 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n90 [HRW, israel_palestine0924 web.pdf](https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2024/10/israel_palestine0924%20web.pdf)\n\n91 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n92 [ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n93 OCHA, Humanitarian Needs Overview: occupied Palestinian territory, 2023.\n\n94 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n95 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n96 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n97 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n98 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n99 [HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza; GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n100 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n101 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n102 [OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Food Security Phase Classification", - "confidence": 0.9076706767082214, - "start": 14, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IPC", - "confidence": 0.95488041639328, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5064914226531982, - "start": 87, - "end": 89 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza Strip", - "confidence": 0.9012370109558105, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9462125897407532, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5222595930099487, - "start": 42, - 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"start": 1082, - "end": 1084 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9531986117362976, - "start": 1079, - "end": 1080 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8748989105224609, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1052 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OPDs", - "confidence": 0.8433400988578796, - "start": 1077, - "end": 1078 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.6042847037315369, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1099 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6527487635612488, - "start": 1082, - "end": 1084 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9480852484703064, - "start": 1079, - "end": 1080 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8002439737319946, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1052 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n103 [HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n104 [ReLAB HS, Rehabilitation through a gender lens, 2021. Rehabilitation through a gender lens ReLABHS 2021](https://www.hi.org/sn_uploads/document/Rehabilitation-through-a-gender-lens-ReLABHS-Factsheet-2021.pdf)\n\n105 The Legal Task Force (LTF) operates under the UN Protection Cluster in the OPT, comprising of international and local legal aid organizations, from\nboth Israel and Palestine. With a focus on pursuing domestic legal remedies to mitigate human rights violations and subsequent humanitarian suffering,\nthe LTF serves as a platform for collaboration, information-sharing, and coordinated action to address critical legal issues affecting communities at risk of\n[forcible transfer. More information is available here: Occupied Palestinian Territory: Legal Task Force (LTF)](https://response.reliefweb.int/palestine/legal-task-force-ltf#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20Legal%20Task%20Force%20%28LTF%29%20operates%20under%20the%2Clegal%20aid%20organizations%2C%20from%20both%20Israel%20and%20Palestine)\n\n106 [Human Rights Council, UN experts condemn destruction of judicial infrastructure, call for protection of justice operators, 16 April 2024. Israel/Gaza:](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/israelgaza-un-experts-condemn-destruction-judicial-infrastructure-call)\n\n[UN experts condemn destruction of judicial infrastructure, call for protection of justice operators | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/israelgaza-un-experts-condemn-destruction-judicial-infrastructure-call)\n\n107 Housing, Land and Property Technical Working Group analysis, June 2025.\n\n108 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n109 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n110 ACAPS, Impact of the conflict on mental health and psychosocial needs in Gaza, September 2024.\n\n111 [OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n112 Consultation with Gaza Community Mental Health Program, March 2025.\n\n113 [UNICEF, State of Palestine Humanitarian Situation and Needs, June 2024. 2024-HAC-State of Palestine-revised-June.pdf](https://www.unicef.org/media/158391/file/2024-HAC-State%20of%20Palestine-revised-June.pdf)\n\n114 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n115 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n116 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n117 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n118 [UNRWA, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza, 24 June, 2025. Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza | UNRWA](https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/protection-brief-situation-older-persons-gaza)\n\n119 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n120 [HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DThe%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are%2Creduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services)\n\n121 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n122 Humanity & Inclusion and Mine Action AoR, Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) / Conflict Preparedness and Protection (CPP) Needs\nAssessment Report, May 2025.\n\n123 UNOSAT and Debris Management Working Group, May 2025.\n\n124 Key observations shared during structured discussion with Protection, EORE and CPP staff in Gaza by HI, 5 June 2025.\n\n125 Humanity & Inclusion and Mine Action AoR, Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) / Conflict Preparedness and Protection (CPP) Needs\nAssessment Report, May 2025.\n\n126 Before October 2023, 46 local NGOs were active in the rehabilitation sector, with some specialized exclusively in rehabilitation and others integrating\ndisability inclusion as part of broader programs and interventions. As of June 2025 this capacity has been drastically reduced, with 18 NGOs fully\noperational and 8 partially active. The remaining 20 have suspended their operations.\n\n127 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n128 [Humanity & Inclusion, Heba: A humanitarian worker during war, May 2025. Heba: A humanitarian worker during war | HI](https://www.hi.org/en/news/heba--a-humanitarian-worker-during-war-)\n\n129 OHCHR Disability Advisor consultations with OPDs and PNGO in Gaza City, February 2025.\n\n130 The OPT including the Gaza Strip is under illegal Israeli occupation, to which both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human\nrights law apply. Israel has ratified the four Geneva Conventions and rules of Customary IHL are applicable, and Israel is bound to meet obligations\nfor the protection of civilians in Gaza defined therein, including relevant provisions on the protection of hospitals and medical personal, the issuing of\neffective warnings prior to attacks, and duties as an Occupying Power to ensure provisions for the basic needs of the population and to facilitate the\npassage of humanitarian supplies. The State of Palestine ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) on 2 April 2014 and\nis responsible for implementing its human rights obligations to the extent of its jurisdiction (see A/HRC/34/38, para.5). Human rights obligations of\nIsrael within the OPT stem from the jurisdiction and effective control exercised by Israel as the occupying power (see A/HRC/34/38, para. 6). Israel is\nalso party to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and must take measures to ensure the full application of the Convention in the\nOPT, including the Gaza Strip, and to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction and effective control are afforded the full enjoyment of the right\nenshrined in the Convention.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.941438615322113, - "start": 302, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7180511355400085, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9751810431480408, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.953615665435791, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8520942330360413, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OPDs", - "confidence": 0.7995402812957764, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4da1e6e2-27bd-4c77-96da-2ce94393f538/Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory%20-%20Gaza%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20July%202025_AR_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_513/raw/doc_513_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_513/raw/doc_513_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d13c9195cc27eecafa1f35ed808c08867852f854..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_513/raw/doc_513_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n##### **POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 31 October 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**520,130** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (267,407), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n- IDP figures in DRC are as of 30 September 2023 ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 31 October 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 October 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES*\n\n2,718 916 813 989\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 20 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 44)**\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 164)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 65)**\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 55)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**SSD**\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**SOM**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**730**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**570**\n\n\n\n**197**\n\n\n**142**\n\n\n\n\n|63 COD 649
UGA 608
ZMB 255
MWI 235
MOZ 199|COD
ZMB 43
UGA 318
ZAF 254
MWI 210|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**63**
**649**
**608**
**255**
**235**
**199**
**COD**
**UGA**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**MOZ**|**43**
**318**
**254**
**210**
**COD**
**ZMB**
**UGA**
**ZAF**
**MWI**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements Intra region
24% movements
48%
Outward
movements
28%
s shown are restricted only to movements of a minimum group pe
sylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of o|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,718
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flow
country of a
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,718
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.

*** The flow
country of a
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n##### 9,565\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatriated since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n##### 1,357 8,208\n\nIndividuals repatriated Individuals repatriated\n**within Southern Africa** **from Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January **Region** to other countries\n2023 outside of the region since\n\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n\nAs of 31 October 2023\n\n\n**MAP OF VOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Top 5: Country of Asylum** **Top 5: Country of Repatriation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**4,802**\n\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n**CAF**\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**AGO**\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**ZMB**\n\n\n**AGO**\n\n\n**ZAF**\n\n\n**MWI**\n\n\n\n**7,886**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**712**\n\n\n**394**\n\n\n**229**\n\n\n**147**\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n**1,811**\n\n\n**1,591**\n\n\n**1,354**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n**7,885**\n\n\n**Zambia**\n**708**\n\n**Angola**\n**391**\n**South Africa**\n**225**\n**Malawi**\n**147**\n**Namibia**\n**96**\n**Mozambique**\n**90**\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct\n\n\n**ANNUAL** **REPATRIATION** **SINCE** **2019**\n\n\n**21,089**\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation, DRC = Democratic of Republic of the Congo, CAR = Central African Republic **Note: This VolRep Dashboard focus on organised and self-organized repatriation Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\nion\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases***\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 31 October 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\nContry of Origin Country of Asylum Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Active Case and Case Member and Departure Case figures have been proportionned from PRIMES dataport as of 6 November / inforrmation not available on RSR site.\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRIMES dataport", - "confidence": 0.6594652533531189, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.6963692903518677, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8328297734260559, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.8771410584449768, - "start": 27, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES***\n\n\nAs of 31 October 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF = Refugee ASY = Asylum seeker Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 31 October 2023*** - \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: The figures are subject to change; *IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; the numbers in Nzakara, Wenze and Sidi in DRC are as of 31 May 2023; ***self-settled refers to\nthe individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ca5a8469-6a8d-40f6-b631-d1d5f2fb89d0/Oct%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_514/raw/doc_514_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_514/raw/doc_514_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3a3cda6a04707265e888b22f76ffee1a99d4b1d2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_514/raw/doc_514_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **OVERVIEW** **IGAD SUPPORT PLATFORM**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Who are we?**\n\n\n - We are a member states\u2019 organization made up of 8 member states;\nDjibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and\nUganda.\n\n\n - One of the 8 Regional Economic Communities of the African Union.\n\n\n - Aim to promote regional integration and address common socio-economic\nchallenges\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **IGAD Support Platform**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Key Priority Areas**\n\n**1.** **Protection**\nIGAD Policy Framework on Refugee\nProtection adopted in 2023\n\n\n\n**4.** **Climate Change**\n\nMPTF project on human mobility in the context of\nclimate\n\n\n\n**2.** **Education**\n\n\n\nThe Djibouti Declaration on Quality Education\nfor refugees, returnees and host communities,\nadopted in 2017\n\n**3.** **Economic inclusion**\n\n\n\n2023 GRF Joint Regional Pledge on Climate\nChange\n**5. Health**\n\nThe Mombasa Declaration on Refugee and Cross\nBorder Health Initiatives, adopted in 2022.\n\n\n\n**6. Return and Reintegration**\n\n - Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for\nSomali Refugees and Reintegration of\nReturnees in Somalia and its Plan of Action,\nadopted in 2017\n\n - Durable Solutions Initiative for Sudan and\nSouth Sudan, launched in 2020\n\n\n\nThe Kampala Declaration on Jobs,\nLivelihoods, and Self-Reliance, adopted in\n2019.\n2023 GRF mega pledge on self reliance\nAFDB study on investment climate for private\nsector engagement\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Major Timelines**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd7be82e-87a2-5d7b-8a10-3f5e7872aad7/Overview%20of%20the%20IGAD%20Support%20Platform-20250605.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_515/raw/doc_515_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_515/raw/doc_515_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6858f1699990719613002798503a4df5ad46a28e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_515/raw/doc_515_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,263 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION COALITION: - BRIEFING NOTE - SEPTEMBER 2021\n\n# **The Poverty Alleviation Coalition in the East,** **Horn of Africa, and the Great Lakes Region**\n\n### **Briefing Note \u2013 September 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n#### **THE GRADUATION APPROACH**\n\n\n\n[The Graduation Approach is a well-proven](https://alleviate-poverty.org/methodology)\npoverty alleviation model. The model has\nbeen extensively used by the development\ncommunity and is one of the few poverty\nalleviation models that works consistently\nacross countries, cultures, and conditions.\n\n\nThe overall vision and objectives of the\ngraduation approach are guided by the\n**Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)** and\n**Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)** of\nthe **Agenda 2030** .\n\n\nThe model\u2019s success is based on **a**\n**combination of consumption support,**\n**asset/cash** **transfers,** **training,** **and**\n**mentoring** . **The duration of a graduation**\n**programme** **is** **approximately** **18-36**\n**months.** During this period, beneficiaries\nreceive support to cover basic needs,\nmarket-oriented skills training for self- or\nwage employment, productive assets,\naccess to inclusive financial services\nthrough savings groups and/or linkages to\n\n\n\nformal financial services, access to social\nand legal services, and continuous\nmentoring. The consumption support\nensures that the ultra-poor are not forced\nto spend, sell, or consume their existing or\nfuture assets - be this in the form of cash or\nin-kind assistance for entrepreneurial\nactivities - and that they are able to\nparticipate in the other graduation\nactivities. Furthermore, mentors support\nongoing livelihoods capacity building for the\nextremely poor households. Graduation\nprograms are most effective when they\nbuild on existing services/programs.\n\n\n**The approach was pioneered by** [the NGO](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6236/1260799)\n[BRAC in Bangladesh in 2002 with a success](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6236/1260799)\n[rate of 95% households graduating out of](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6236/1260799)\n[poverty](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6236/1260799) **.** It has since been successfully\n[tested in over 43 countries worldwide. The](https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publication_files/peis_2018_state_of_the_sector_report_final.pdf)\napproach provides a step-by-step guidance\nand support to households to transition\nfrom poverty to self-reliance.\n\n\n_UNHCR-PAC project document-2019_\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n**UNHCR and the NGO Trickle Up have**\n**piloted the programme in eight countries**\n**around the world with the support of the**\n**US** **State** **Department's** **Bureau** **for**\n**Population,** **Refugees** **and** **Migration**\n**(PRM).** They found that the model\nsignificantly improves self-reliance of\nrefugees, and works best when\nprogrammes mobilize all relevant partners,\nsuch as governments, financial institutions,\nor NGOs with longstanding experience in\nthe specific context.\n\n\nAn example is the Ecuadorian pilot and\nscale-up in Santo Domingo de las Ts\u00e1chilas,\n\n\n\ntargeting the most vulnerable refugees and\nnationals, comprised of female-headed\nhouseholds, households with children,\nelderly, disabled, and youth (16-30 years).\nOf the 2,272 households targeted in 2015,\nthe graduation from poverty rate was 72%\nafter two years (2017). The average per\ncapita income increased from 66 to 86 USD\nper month, and households with regular\nincomes increased from 67% to 97%.\n\n\n**The approach is explained in more details**\n**in the global programme document**, which\n[can be found HERE](https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/17df6fbd-22fe-4cda-b55a-67a6f54c51b7/downloads/PAC%20_Document_11.pdf?ver=1585734865204)\n\n\n#### **SCALING UP WITH PARTNERS: THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION COALITION**\n\n\n\nLaunched in July 2029 during the UNHCRNGO consultations, the PAC is a coalition of\n**UNHCR, the World Bank\u2019s Partnership for**\n**Economic Inclusion and 13 INGOs**, namely:\nBOMA Project, BRAC, Caritas Switzerland,\nConcern Worldwide (CWW), the Danish\nRefugee Council (DRC), GOAL, the Hebrew\nImmigrant Aid Society (HIAS), Innovations\nfor Poverty Actions (IPA), Mercy Corps, the\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Trickle\nUp (TU), Village Enterprise (VE) and World\nVision (WV).\n\n\nThe members jointly strive to assist 500,000\nrefugee and host community households\nacross 35 countries within the next 5 years\n(of which eight are in the EHAGL region) to\nreach self-reliance. Subsequently a joint\npledge was submitted by all partners at the\n**Global Refugee Forum (GRF)**, in December\n2019, aiming to lift **a minimum of 160,000**\n\n\n\n**households out of poverty by the next GRF**\n**in 2023.**\n\n\nThe implementation requires funding in the\namount of USD 140 million annually for five\nyears, of which USD 40 million annually is\nneeded in the East, Horn of Africa, and the\nGreat Lakes (EHAGL) region.\n\n\nThe 13 INGOs committed to systematically\ninclude Persons of Concern (POCs) and\nhosts in their existing or planned\nprogrammes across 35 countries with the\nfundraising support of UNHCR. To ensure\noversight, UNHCR has been convening\nworking groups in each country in which\njoint concept notes are produced by PAC\npartners and cleared by UNHCR. The\ncountry specific responses can be found on\n[the Coalition\u2019s website.](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n#### **MONITORING: GLOBAL FRAMEWORK- THE SELF-RELIANCE INDEX (SRI)**\n\n\n\nAll implementing NGOs have committed to\nreport on progress to UNHCR, using a\nstandard set of high-level indicators. In\naddition, NGOs will report directly to their\ndonors, and are encouraged to use the [Self-](https://www.refugeeselfreliance.org/self-reliance-index-request)\n[Reliance Index](https://www.refugeeselfreliance.org/self-reliance-index-request) (SRI), developed by [the](https://www.refugeeselfreliance.org/)\n[Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative,](https://www.refugeeselfreliance.org/) for which a\nspecific module to measure the impact of\nPAC and the Graduation Approach has been\ncreated. The SRI measures the progress\n\n\n\ntowards self-reliance via 12 key themes\n(including housing, health, income etc.). In\n2020, a regional webinar was conducted to\nassist colleagues in understanding the index\nand its use, and regular support and\nexchange calls are arranged by SRI with\nparticipating members. The comprehensive\n[joint monitoring can be found HERE.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78345)\n\n\n#### **TARGET: 48.000 HOUSEHOLDS IN EHAGL BY THE NEXT GRF 2023**\n\n\n\nImplementing the graduation model in\nEHAGL region is particularly timely, as it\naims to support self-reliance of PoCs in\ncountries with scarce work opportunities,\nchallenges regarding food-security,\neconomies heavily impacted by COVID-19,\nand limited access to social protection.\n\n\nIn the EHAGL region, PAC members have\ncommitted to fundraise and implement\nthe approach in the following countries:\nBurundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,\n[Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda.](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\n\n\n\nThe [minimum target set to reach by the](https://medium.com/@UNHCR/5-reasons-why-sharing-responsibility-for-refugees-is-smarter-than-ever-in-the-time-of-covid-19-a4b19679febf)\n[next GRF is 160,000 households across 26](https://medium.com/@UNHCR/5-reasons-why-sharing-responsibility-for-refugees-is-smarter-than-ever-in-the-time-of-covid-19-a4b19679febf)\ncountries.\n\nAt least **30% of the globally targeted**\n**households,** **amounting** **to** **48,000**\n**households, are expected to become self-**\n**reliant in the EHAGL region by the next**\n**GRF in December 2023.**\n\nIn the EHAGL region, several graduation\nprojects are currently under\nimplementation by PAC members and\nother partners.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SELF-RELIANCE INDEX", - "confidence": 0.8571699261665344, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SRI", - "confidence": 0.9689586162567139, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GLOBAL", - "confidence": 0.7767788767814636, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.877718448638916, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8457494974136353, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "NGOs", - "confidence": 0.8446199893951416, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reliance Index", - "confidence": 0.555935263633728, - "start": 74, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative", - "confidence": 0.6129717826843262, - "start": 91, - "end": 94 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5764164328575134, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8896052241325378, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.7897962927818298, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "index", - "confidence": 0.6015097498893738, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "SRI", - "confidence": 0.7348167300224304, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6471055746078491, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.6174764037132263, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\nFor example, in Kamwenge district in\n**Uganda,** [USAID/AVSI/Trickle](https://www.avsi.org/en/project/graduating-to-resilience/4/) are\n[supporting 13,200 refugee and host](https://www.avsi.org/en/project/graduating-to-resilience/4/)\n[community households.](https://www.avsi.org/en/project/graduating-to-resilience/4/) [1] Also in Uganda,\n[Caritas Switzerland is supporting 450](https://www.caritas.ch/en/what-we-do/worldwide/country-programmes/country-programme-of-uganda.html)\nhouseholds in Yumbe district (West Nile).\n\nIn **Kenya,** [The BOMA Project\u2019s programme](https://bomaproject.org/2017/07/17/the-boma-project-launches-latest-poverty-graduation-program-in-partnership-the-government-of-kenya/)\nis implemented jointly with the\ngovernment. In addition, NRC and Trickle\nUp have completed the design phase of a\ngraduation programme for refugees and\nhost communities in and around Kakuma\nrefugee camp and are seeking funding for\nthe implementation phase.\n\n\n1 _Please note that AVSI is a local member of PAC, but not a global_\n_member and that this programme was initiated before the_\n\n\n\nIn **Ethiopia**, Concern\u2019s REGRADE\nprogramme (REsilience + GRADuation\nprogram + Evidence) has been running\nsuccessfully for several years.\n\nIn **Rwanda,** Caritas Rwanda is\nimplementing the approach for 840\nhouseholds with the support of UNHCR.\n\nIn **Somalia,** Concern Worldwide is assisting\n200 households in Baidoa. Furthermore,\nVillage Enterprise has been recently\ngranted funding for Ethiopia and Uganda.\n\n\n_establishment of PAC and is not considered under the Coalition\u2019s_\n_work._\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n#### **UNHCR\u2019S SUPPORT TO PARTNERS IN THE EHAGL REGION**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has established in-country working\ngroups to coordinate implementation to\nreach the set targets. The working groups\nconsist of the organizations that pledged to\n[implement in the specific country, and are](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\ncoordinated by UNHCR. As set out in the\n[Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) the](https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/17df6fbd-22fe-4cda-b55a-67a6f54c51b7/downloads/PAC-SOP-Version%20of%2012%20February%202020.pdf?ver=1585734865205)\ncountry level working groups undertake\nthe following activities:\n\n\n- Design and develop concept notes and\nprogrammes, in line with directions set\n[by the HQ working group. These can be](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\n\n\n\n[found on the PAC website under](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\n[country profile.](https://alleviate-poverty.org/global-country-responses)\n\n- Agree on the implementation\nmodalities and the partition of funds\namong partners.\n\n- Jointly conduct communication and\nfundraising activities.\n\n- Report lessons learned to the RB/HQs\nworking group through respective\nmembers.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\nThe working groups decide whether to\ndevelop one or more concept notes per\ncountry, and identify stakeholders\nincluding government entities, national\nNGOs, private sector, and other UN\nagencies. Once finalized, the concept notes\nwill be shared with the UNHCR\u2019s EHAGL\nRegional Bureau (RB), Headquarters in\nGeneva (HQ), and the expert \u2018Technical\nAdvisory Group\u2019 that reviews and approves\nprior to donor submission.\n\n\nPAC is actively engaged in the matching\nexercise with UNHCR to ensure sufficient\nfunding by, for example, presenting the\ncountry concept notes to current and\npotential donors. The working groups\nmake holistic responses which also take\ninto consideration activities by others,\nincluding wider livelihoods working\ngroups, to ensure alignment and\ncomplementarity.\n\n\n\nThe working groups are supported by the\nUNHCR Regional Bureau\u2019s livelihoods\nteam, and Country based Livelihoods and\nEconomic Inclusion Units, with tailored\none on one support, training, development\nof key materials, partnership updates and\nopportunities, and participation in\nstakeholder meetings. For instance, in\n2020, focal points at country level received\nsupport via two webinars in April and May\ndetailing the concept and sharing best\npractices.\n\n\nIn addition, each country has received\ndetailed support through virtual meetings\nsuch as with the Administration for\nRefugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA) in\nEthiopia, and submission of proposals in\nRwanda, and a design mission by GIZ to\nSomalia.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n\nCountry level calls are organized with key\npartners to support the development of\njoint country level concept notes. Calls are\nheld approximately monthly during the\ndrafting phase. Upon completion, the\nconcept notes are approved by UNHCR and\nthe PAC\u2019s Technical Advisory Group.\n\n\n\nOnce approved the concept notes are\nsubmitted to donors with the assistance of\nUNHCR or by the NGOs themselves\ndepending on local capacity. Currently,\neach country group is working on updated\nconcept notes for the next five years and\nadjusting them in the light of COVID19\nimpact.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n#### **PROGRESS TO DATE**\n\n\n\nBy June 2021, out of the eight countries\nworking on concept notes, three have\nbeen finalized and four (Ethiopia, Kenya,\nRwanda, Somalia, and Uganda) have\nobtained initial funding. In addition,\nUNHCR coordinated an appraisal mission\n\n\n\nin September 2020 with GIZ in Somalia to\npotentially support with EUR 8 million for\nthe coalition members or other relevant\nNGOs in Puntland. To date (September\n2021), 23% of the goal in the region has\nbeen funded.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n#### **TIMELINE AND ROADMAP 2020-2023**\n\n\nBelow is a brief overview of key webinars and activities to date and planned activities until\nthe next GRF in December 2023.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CONTACTS**\n\nFor more information, please contact:\nHanadi Tutunji, Financial Inclusion Officer and regional PAC coordinator\n[tutunji@unhcr.org](mailto:tutunji@unhcr.org) (RB EHAGL).\n\n\nCian O\u2019Brien, Associate Economic Inclusion Officer and PAC coordinator\n[obrienc@unchr.org](mailto:obrienc@unchr.org) (DRS HQ).\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Poverty Alleviation Coalition: EHAGL briefing paper- September 2021\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes, September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e71d2d6b-5b2d-383e-8d39-9528bbc4f241/PAC%20regional%20briefing%20paper_31082021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_516/raw/doc_516_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_516/raw/doc_516_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f1467c33377c22f7d2bf2fc78f38c612326d1353..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_516/raw/doc_516_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **AN\u00c1LISIS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n### Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **INTRODUCCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nEste an\u00e1lisis se construye con base en referencias oficiales y\nen los procesos de monitoreo del Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de\nProtecci\u00f3n del Choc\u00f3. Tiene en cuenta la situaci\u00f3n de riesgo\ny/o vulneraci\u00f3n de derechos humanos en la que se\nencuentran comunidades afrocolombianas, ind\u00edgenas,\ncampesinas y de periferia urbana en el departamento,\ndebido a la persistencia del conflicto armado, la confluencia\nde emergencias humanitarias en el territorio y su impacto\ndesproporcionado en poblaciones de especial protecci\u00f3n\nconstitucional. Presenta una descripci\u00f3n del actual contexto,\nlas principales afectaciones para la poblaci\u00f3n civil, los efectos\n\n### **CIFRAS CLAVE** **37.541**\n\nPersonas confinadas en 2021 (ACNUR)\n### **5.367**\n\nPersonas afectadas por desplazamientos masivos (ACNUR)\n### **40**\n\nL\u00edderes o defensores de derechos humanos asesinados\ndesde la firma del acuerdo de paz (INDEPAZ)\n### **176.467**\n\nPersonas en necesidad de servicios de protecci\u00f3n del\ntotal de habitantes del departamento (CL\u00daSTER PROTECCI\u00d3N)\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nhumanitarios en derechos colectivos, las capacidades de las\nredes locales de protecci\u00f3n (institucionales y comunitarias) y\nsugiere recomendaciones para enfrentar la crisis de\nProtecci\u00f3n que se evidencia en el territorio.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**METODOLOG\u00cdA**\n\n\nLa metodolog\u00eda de este An\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n ha combinado\nvisitas al departamento por parte de los equipos globales y\nnacionales del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, reuniones con los\nsocios locales, informantes clave y con poblaci\u00f3n afectada.\nSu proceso de an\u00e1lisis ha seguido la metodolog\u00eda de\nseveridad y estimaciones de Personas en Necesidad (PiN) y\nel Marco Anal\u00edtico de Protecci\u00f3n, o PAF.\n\n\n**LIMITACIONES**\n\n\nEl presente an\u00e1lisis ha seguido una l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis\ncualitativo su posterior interpretaci\u00f3n por parte de expertos.\nDebido al acceso limitado a algunos territorios dentro del\ndepartamento, as\u00ed como los potenciales riesgos que se\npodr\u00edan llegar a generar a las comunidades en el contexto\nactual. La situaci\u00f3n actual de acceso a las municipalidades\nm\u00e1s afectadas y comunidades en confinamiento en El Choc\u00f3\ndificulta la recogida de datos y entrevistas a nivel de hogar.\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n aconseja que mientras no se lleve a\ncabo una estrategia operativa de protecci\u00f3n por presencia\nregular de los actores humanitarios en las zonas afectadas,\nlos ejercicios de an\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria se\ncentren en an\u00e1lisis de datos secundarios y entrevistas con\ninformantes clave, incluyendo grupos tem\u00e1ticos de discusi\u00f3n\n(Focus Group Discussions).\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**2.** **CONTEXTO**\n\nEn la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada en Colombia, la din\u00e1mica del conflicto\narmado en el departamento del Choc\u00f3 se ha caracterizado\npor la fuerte presencia de grupos armados ilegales y bandas\ncriminales. La presencia de estos actores armados en el\ndepartamento est\u00e1 asociada principalmente a la importancia\ngeoestrat\u00e9gica para las rutas de narcotr\u00e1fico, el control de\neconom\u00edas ilegales y el dif\u00edcil acceso geogr\u00e1fico que se\ntraduce en una reducida presencia estatal, incluida la de la\nfuerza p\u00fablica.\n\nCon la firma del Acuerdo Final de Paz entre el Estado\nColombiano y las FARC-EP en 2016 el territorio vivi\u00f3 un\nperiodo de relajaci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n de la violencia sobre las\ncomunidades. No obstante, desde el a\u00f1o 2018 y\ncoincidiendo con la salida de las FARC EP de los territorios y\nla limitada presencia estatal, se configura un escenario en el\nque actores armados ilegales aprovechan los vac\u00edos\npermitidos para avanzar en retomas de control irregular. que\nEsta reacomodaci\u00f3n de actores armados ilegales ha\nplanteado hasta la fecha un notable recrudecimiento del\nconflicto armado. El aumento de las confrontaciones\narmadas, el asesinato de l\u00edderes sociales y excombatientes\nde las extintas FARC-EP, la recurrencia de desplazamientos\nmasivos e individuales el confinamiento, el aumento de las\namenazas y se\u00f1alamiento e intimidaci\u00f3n de las comunidades\nson algunos de los principales efectos que demuestran como\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "el departamento del Choc\u00f3 es hoy un territorio en\nconfrontaci\u00f3n con una afectaci\u00f3n desproporcionada sobre\npueblos \u00e9tnicos.\n\nEl aumento de la confrontaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n tiene un grave\nefecto en el uso, utilizaci\u00f3n y reclutamiento de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as,\nadolescentes, y j\u00f3venes la violencia contra las mujeres, la\nvinculaci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana a la siembra de cultivos\nil\u00edcitos y/o como combatientes, las restricciones del acceso\nal territorio y la imposici\u00f3n de conductas sociales, como\nparte de las din\u00e1micas de violencia que deben enfrentar las\ncomunidades en esta regi\u00f3n del pa\u00eds. El impacto humanitario\nse evidencia en el aumento exponencial de los\nconfinamientos, desplazamientos masivos e individuales y\ndesde un enfoque diferencial y \u00e9tnico, en la afectaci\u00f3n de los\nderechos \u00e9tnico territoriales asociados a las limitaciones de\nacceso al territorio, la afectaci\u00f3n de la seguridad alimentaria\nde las comunidades ind\u00edgenas y afrodescendientes que\ndependen exclusivamente de la agricultura, la pesca y el\naprovechamiento de otros recursos naturales, la afectaci\u00f3n\nen la nutrici\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, la afectaci\u00f3n en las\nformas de gobierno propio y la violencia sexual y de g\u00e9nero\nhacia las mujeres ind\u00edgenas y afrodescendientes.\n\nEsta din\u00e1mica de confrontaci\u00f3n experimentada\nprincipalmente en \u00e1reas rurales, tambi\u00e9n se ha trasladado a\n\u00e1reas urbanas en donde los actores armados de manera\ndirecta y/o a trav\u00e9s de estructuras urbanas delincuenciales,\ninstrumentalizan a adolescentes y j\u00f3venes de familias\ndesplazadas y vulnerables, para disputarse el control\nterritorial, el microtr\u00e1fico, las actividades extorsivas y todas\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nlas econom\u00edas que puedan financiar su organizaci\u00f3n. Esta\nsituaci\u00f3n ha conllevado al aumento de din\u00e1micas\nintraurbanas, aumento de casos de violencia sexual y de\ng\u00e9nero, aumento de homicidios, atentados y desapariciones\nforzadas.\n\nSe destaca el **impacto desproporcionado del conflicto en**\n**los pueblos ind\u00edgenas**, evidenciado en el alto n\u00famero de\npersonas afectadas, la sistematizaci\u00f3n de los\ndesplazamientos, confinamientos y como consecuencia de\nesto, su extinci\u00f3n f\u00edsica y cultural, entendida esta como el\ndesarraigo territorial, su desplazamiento hacia\nasentamientos humanos informales en periferias urbanas en\nlos que se limita el ejercicio de sus usos, costumbres, formas\npropias de gobierno y de subsistencia. A lo que se suman las\nbarreras institucionales para el acceso a derechos\necon\u00f3micos, sociales, culturales y los reconocidos en su\ncalidad de v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado.\n\nEl siguiente mapa presenta la coincidencia de las\nafectaciones por inundaciones, desplazamiento masivos y\nconfinamiento en los diferentes municipios en el\ndepartamento, sobre los territorios de comunidades negras\ny resguardos ind\u00edgenas, que se ven especialmente afectados\npor estas din\u00e1micas.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nA lo anterior, es clave adicionar dos aspectos que influyen\ndirectamente en la situaci\u00f3n actual del departamento del\nChoc\u00f3 y su vulnerabilidad ante las din\u00e1micas de conflicto\narmado; por un lado, este departamento es el tercero en el\npa\u00eds con la proporci\u00f3n m\u00e1s alta de personas en necesidades\nb\u00e1sicas insatisfechas [1] (65,5%), y un 20,4% de personas en\nmiseria [1], lo que da cuenta de importantes problemas\nestructurales en el departamento y por otro, presenta un\ncontexto institucional caracterizado por limitaciones\nt\u00e9cnicas, financieras y humanas para gestionar las respuestas\nde protecci\u00f3n requeridas por la poblaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como para\nposicionar y priorizar los derechos de las v\u00edctimas del\nconflicto armado.\n\n**RIESGOS ESTRUCTURALES E INMINENTES**\nSeg\u00fan la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, a trav\u00e9s de su Sistema de\nAlertas Tempranas, entre 2020 y 2021 se han identificado\nriesgos en 14 de los municipios del departamento (47%),\nincluyendo algunos inminentes para las poblaciones, as\u00ed\ncomo otros recurrentes, advirtiendo vulnerabilidades y\nhaciendo recomendaciones en materia de prevenci\u00f3n de\nestas y protecci\u00f3n de derechos. En los mapas puede verse la\nevoluci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n del departamento entre 2019 y\n2021, con un claro aumento de los municipios con riesgos\nestructurales y con riesgos inminentes. Estas alertas han\nadvertido riesgo de confinamiento, desplazamiento forzado,\namenazas, regulaciones a la movilidad, homicidios,\nreclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, contaminaci\u00f3n por Minas Antipersona (MAP)\n\n\n\n1 Seg\u00fan terminolog\u00eda DANE. Departamento Nacional de Estad\u00edstica.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Munici\u00f3n Sin explosionar (MUSE) \u2013 Artefactos Explosivos\nImprovisados (AEI), enfrentamientos con interposici\u00f3n de la\npoblaci\u00f3n civil, extorsi\u00f3n, violencia sexual, secuestro y\ndesaparici\u00f3n forzada.\n\n\n**Alertas Tempranas**\n\nEstructurales Inminencia\n\n\n**DESASTRES NATURALES EXTREMOS RELACIONADOS**\n**CON EL CAMBIO CLIMATICO**\nDebido a inundaciones [2] en el departamento, cerca de\n**41.850 personas** (11.437 familias) han sido afectadas,\nincluyendo la afectaci\u00f3n de viviendas, centros educativos y\n\n\n2 UNGRD. Unidad Nacional de Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgo y Desastres.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\ncentros comunitarios. Los municipios m\u00e1s\nafectados son: Carmen del Dari\u00e9n, Medio Baud\u00f3, Ungu\u00eda,\nMedio Atrato, Bojay\u00e1, Llor\u00f3 y Acand\u00ed.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PRESENCIA DE GRUPOS ARMADOS ILEGALES**\nSe conoce de la presencia de al menos 5 actores armados,\nincluyendo el ej\u00e9rcito nacional en la zona. Los\nenfrentamientos entre grupos armados ilegales generan el\ndesplazamiento y confinamiento de comunidades ind\u00edgenas\ny/o afrocolombianas, quienes adem\u00e1s son intimidadas por\nestos actores En varias de estas zonas, a\u00fan no hay presencia\nde organizaciones humanitarias e instituciones\ngubernamentales, lo que aumenta la inseguridad y facilita la\nconfrontaci\u00f3n entre estos grupos por el control de\ncorredores estrat\u00e9gicos relacionados con econom\u00edas\nilegales. Es com\u00fan a su vez, la imposici\u00f3n de toques de\nqueda nocturnos (desde las 18h00 a las 06h00) a las\ncomunidades por parte de estos actores armados\nimpidiendo la salida y/o entrada a las comunidades e\nincluyendo los casos de emergencias m\u00e9dicas.\n\n**FLUJOS MIGRATORIOS MIXTOS**\nDesde Jurad\u00f3 y Riosucio se han establecido rutas para cruzar\nel tap\u00f3n del Dari\u00e9n colombiano por tierra hacia Panam\u00e1.\nEstos corredores se utilizan para el narcotr\u00e1fico y para el\ntr\u00e1fico y trata de personas. Son lugares rurales donde no se\nllega f\u00e1cilmente, por lo que el monitoreo de esta dinamina\nno es f\u00e1cil, y sabiendo que se presentan estas situaciones,\npero sin conocer en que magnitud.\n\n\n3 Informaci\u00f3n con corte a 31 de octubre de 2021.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**3.** **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\n**RIESGO 1: Confinamiento**\n\nLa Unidad para las V\u00edctimas en su Resoluci\u00f3n 00171 de 2016,\nArt\u00edculo 1. Define el confinamiento como una situaci\u00f3n de\nvulneraci\u00f3n de derechos fundamentales, en las que las\ncomunidades, pese a permanecer en una parte del territorio,\npierden la movilidad, como consecuencia de la presencia y\naccionar de grupos armados ilegales. Esta restricci\u00f3n implica\nla imposibilidad de acceder a bienes indispensables para la\nsupervivencia derivada del control militar, econ\u00f3mico,\npol\u00edtico, cultural y social que ejercen los grupos armados\nilegales en el marco del conflicto armado interno.\n\nEl confinamiento es el hecho m\u00e1s recurrente al que se\nenfrentan las personas en el departamento del Choc\u00f3.\nDurante los \u00faltimos 3 a\u00f1os, se ha evidenciado un aumento\nsignificativo en el n\u00famero de personas afectadas por este\nhecho. Tan solo durante 2021 [3], se han identificado **26**\n**eventos que han afectado al menos a 37.541 personas,**\n**en 11 municipios del departamento. El 66% de los**\n**afectados son ind\u00edgenas, mientras el 34% son poblaci\u00f3n**\n**afrocolombiana.**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Es especialmente preocupante, la situaci\u00f3n en el municipio\nde Bojay\u00e1 que ha vivido 5 emergencias humanitarias\nafectando a 6.436 (50% de la poblaci\u00f3n del municipio). De\nigual forma, municipios como Alto Baud\u00f3 y El litoral del San\nJuan, han vivido 4 eventos de confinamiento en lo corrido\ndel a\u00f1o. La principal causa de los confinamientos son los\nenfrentamientos (70%), seguido por las amenazas a la\npoblaci\u00f3n y la presencia de MAP/MSE que restringen la\nmovilidad de las personas.\n\nLos efectos de este confinamiento van m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la mera\nrestricci\u00f3n de la libertad de movimiento como Derecho\nHumano b\u00e1sico [4] ; el confinamiento est\u00e1 as su vez ejerciendo\nun impacto directo en los modos y medios de vida de las\ncomunidades afectadas. El espacio vital de cualquier\ncomunidad que dependa de su entorno para subsistir es de\n15 km. de radio (30 km. de di\u00e1metro) desde su comunidad [5],\neste espacio vital se ve dr\u00e1sticamente afectado en situaci\u00f3n\nde confinamiento. Las comunidades est\u00e1n viendo limitado el\nacceso a sus tierras de cultivo limitando la diversidad de su\ndieta y generando un problema de **seguridad alimentaria**\nque tan solo empeora con el paso del tiempo en raz\u00f3n de\nla p\u00e9rdida del capital agr\u00edcola y limitada capacidad para la\nrecuperaci\u00f3n temprana y/o de mitigaci\u00f3n de los efectos del\nconflicto. A su vez, el confinamiento est\u00e1 generado a lo largo\nde todos los grupos de sexo y edad, estados de ansiedad\ndebido a la percepci\u00f3n de inseguridad e incertidumbre.\n\n\n4 Art\u00edculo 13 de las Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de los Derechos Humanos.\n5 Esta media se utiliza por varias ciencias humanas (Antropolog\u00eda, Historia etc.) para\nestimar el territorio de influencia inmediata de una comunidad sea sedentaria o n\u00f3mada,\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nLa salud mental de la poblaci\u00f3n en estado de confinamiento\nse est\u00e1 degenerando gradualmente, incluyendo el aumento\ndel n\u00famero de suicidios. Finalmente, el contexto \u00e9tnico\nimplica un mayor arraigo territorial vinculado a la\ncosmovisi\u00f3n, el reconocimiento de la tierra y la madre\nnaturaleza como un sujeto sagrado, a los sistemas propios\nde gobierno, administraci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales y\nadministraci\u00f3n de la justicia, elementos que son afectados\nde manera directa por cuenta del confinamiento.\n\n**Evoluci\u00f3n del confinamiento en Choc\u00f3 | 2019 \u2013 2021**\nPersonas afectadas\n\n\n\nsemin\u00f3mada) La media se basa en la distancia que una persona puede caminar en un d\u00eda\n(15 km) pernoctar y regresar al d\u00eda siguiente a su lugar de origen. El di\u00e1metro de 30 km\nconsidera para incluir todas las direcciones posibles.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6 Informaci\u00f3n con corte a 31 de octubre de 2021.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**RIESGO 2: Desplazamiento forzado**\n\n\nDurante 2021 [6], se han presentado **16 eventos** de\ndesplazamiento masivo [7] que han afectado al menos a **5.367**\n**personas**, en 9 municipios del departamento. El 54% de los\nafectados son afrocolombianos, mientras el 46% son\nind\u00edgenas. La principal causa de estos desplazamientos son\nlos enfrentamientos (70%), seguido por las amenazas y/o\nhomicidios entre la poblaci\u00f3n. En todos los casos la zona de\nexpulsi\u00f3n fue el \u00e1rea rural. Es de resaltar, que en algunos\ncasos hay falta de garant\u00eda en el retorno e invisibilidad en las\nafectaciones a ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, y mujeres. En una\nintervenci\u00f3n de emergencia en 3 municipios en 2021 se\nidentificaron 123 casos de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.\nTambi\u00e9n existen los desplazamientos individuales como\ndin\u00e1mica dentro del departamento, que son invisibilizados y\nen algunos casos no se perciben y/o documentan. En Alto\nBaud\u00f3 se observa que comunidades desplazadas han\ndebido reasentarse o movilizado a otros lugares, y se ha\ndocumentado **la** **desaparici\u00f3n** **de** **al**\n**menos 10 comunidades** Catru de sus territorios. En Medio\nBaud\u00f3 se presentan asentamientos informales de\ncomunidades ind\u00edgenas en contextos urbanos y\nen comunidades afrodescendientes.\n\n\n7Un desplazamiento masivo corresponde a eventos de desplazamiento de m\u00e1s de 10\nfamilias o 50 personas.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**RIESGO 3: Homicidios y amenazas**\n\n\nDesde la firma del acuerdo de paz, 40 l\u00edderes o defensores\nde derechos humanos han sido asesinados, incluyendo 6\ndurante 2021. Se ha evidenciado un aumento progresivo en\nel n\u00famero de homicidios al que est\u00e1n vinculados j\u00f3venes.\nSeg\u00fan los datos del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal,\ndurante 2021 se han presentado **188 homicidios** en el\ndepartamento del Choc\u00f3, de los cuales el 68% (128 casos)\nten\u00edan como factor de vulnerabilidad pertenecer a grupos\n\u00e9tnicos, el 97% eran hombres y el 47% j\u00f3venes entre 18 y 28\na\u00f1os; 2 eran de nacionalidad venezolana En el 55% el\npresunto agresor fue la delincuencia com\u00fan, los grupos\nalzados al margen de la ley, la delincuencia organizada y/o\nmiembros de las fuerzas armadas y de polic\u00eda y en el 83% de\nlos casos, la circunstancia del hecho estuvo relacionada con\najuste de cuentas y/o con violencia sociopol\u00edtica [8] .\n\n\nLas amenazas realizadas a l\u00edderes sociales y defensores de\nderechos humanos, funcionarios p\u00fablicos y profesores\ncuando se movilizan para trabajar con los ni\u00f1os, y en su\nintento para educarlos y alejarlos de acciones delictivas,\ntambi\u00e9n hacen parte de las din\u00e1micas que se presentan en\nel territorio.\n\n\n\n8 Este porcentaje est\u00e1 calculado sobre los casos con informaci\u00f3n disponible, 30% de los\nhomicidios.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RIESGO 4: Reclutamiento forzado**\n\n\nEn medio de las din\u00e1micas de conflicto en el territorio, los\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes se encuentran riesgo de ser\nreclutados forzosamente, para ser vinculados a acciones\ndelincuenciales y econom\u00edas il\u00edcitas. Algunas familias han\ndebido dejar el territorio debido a la b\u00fasqueda de sus hijos\npara ser reclutados por parte de grupos armados. Sin\nembargo, este hecho es subregistrado y no se cuenta con\ncifras exactas.\n\n\n**RIESGO 5: Presencia de minas antipersona y municiones**\n**sin explosionar**\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2021 en el departamento del Choc\u00f3, se han\ngenerado emergencias por presencia y activaci\u00f3n de MAP,\nMUSE y AEI. En ese sentido, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado\npara la Paz OACP como autoridad en la materia, ha\nreportado a corte de 31 de octubre de 2021, 32 accidentes e\nincidentes con MAP/MSE en el departamento del Choc\u00f3.\nEsta recurrencia de las emergencias por MAP/MSE, evidencia\nel escenario de confrontaci\u00f3n armada que se vive en el\nterritorio, plantea desaf\u00edos para la educaci\u00f3n en el riesgo de\nminas como medida preventiva en pueblos \u00e9tnicos\n(adaptaci\u00f3n a lengua y acceso al territorio, por ejemplo) y\nexige dimensionar el da\u00f1o en la armon\u00eda territorial para\ncomunidades que dependen de la tierra para su sustento\nf\u00edsico y espiritual.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**4.** **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\n\n**An\u00e1lisis**\n\n\n**1.** **El Cl\u00faster Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n debe de realizar de**\n**forma inmediata un an\u00e1lisis interno del contexto**\n**humanitario de protecci\u00f3n** en el departamento, en especial\nacerca de las din\u00e1micas de desplazamiento en los municipios\nm\u00e1s afectados. La Producci\u00f3n de este an\u00e1lisis permitir\u00e1 al\nequipo del Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n y a socios\noperacionales del Grupo Intersectorial de Migraciones\nMixtas (GIFMM) obtener una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de las\ndin\u00e1micas actuales en El Choc\u00f3 y como definir sus\noperaciones y respuesta tanto enfocadas hacia el conflicto\ninterno en Colombia como antes el flujo migratorio de\npoblaci\u00f3n venezolana. La producci\u00f3n de este an\u00e1lisis estar\u00e1\nliderada por el Cl\u00faster Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n e incluir\u00e1\nan\u00e1lisis de conflicto siguiendo la metodolog\u00eda Conflict\nsensitivity analysis.\n\n\n**2.** **Documentar y visibilizar el impacto del asesinato de**\n**autoridades \u00e9tnico territoriales y los efectos sobre los**\n**procesos comunitarios** : Las amenazas, homicidios, y/o el\ndesplazamiento forzado de autoridades \u00e9tnico territoriales\nconfirman la persistencia de la confrontaci\u00f3n armada al\ninterior del territorios colectivos y generan un efecto\ndesestructurador de las comunidades en sus territorios, lo\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cual aumenta la vulnerabilidad sobre la amenaza que\nsignifica la presencia de actores armados ilegales en los\nterritorios \u00e9tnicos. Este tipo de acciones afectan los procesos\nde participaci\u00f3n comunitaria, impactan de manera\ndesproporcionada la estructura organizativa de las\ncomunidades ind\u00edgenas y afro, generan temor en la\ncomunidad y fragmentan el tejido social comunitario. Por\notro lado, la falta de acceso efectivo a la justicia genera una\nbrecha de confianza entre las autoridades ind\u00edgenas - afro y\nlas autoridades judiciales.\n\n\n**Enfoque basado en \u00e1rea (area-based approach)**\n\n\n**1.** **Continuar y fortalecer el an\u00e1lisis basado enfoque de**\n**\u00e1rea en el departamento.** El enfoque de \u00e1rea para el\ndepartamento permitir\u00e1 un mejor an\u00e1lisis de contexto y\npriorizaci\u00f3n acciones de respuesta creando a su vez positivas\nsinergias entre las actuales estructuras de coordinaci\u00f3n\nvigentes en el territorio (Cl\u00faster y GIFMM). El an\u00e1lisis de\nprotecci\u00f3n liderado por el Cl\u00faster deber\u00e1 incluir como l\u00ednea\nde base la consulta participativa comunitaria, especialmente\na la hora de la identificaci\u00f3n y definici\u00f3n de prioridades de\nla respuesta de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n**2.** **Posicionar al Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n como la**\n**entidad clave para los actores humanitarios** a la hora de\nasesorar la situaci\u00f3n de acceso humanitario en los\nmunicipios m\u00e1s afectados por la crisis de Protecci\u00f3n, as\u00ed\ncomo principal asesor en la definici\u00f3n de opciones y\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nalternativas antes nuevos retos y cambios en las condiciones\nde acceso humanitario. La experiencia y profundo\nconocimiento del territorio del departamento debe de ser\nresaltado y reconocido por la totalidad de la comunidad\nhumanitaria con presencia operativa en Choc\u00f3.\n\n\n**3.** **Fortalecer el conocimiento de las comunidades y sus**\n**autoridades con respecto a la garant\u00eda de sus derechos**\n**como v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado**, incluyendo los\nprincipios para promover un retorno con condiciones Es\nnecesario que la comunidad pueda identificar la vulneraci\u00f3n\nde sus derechos en el marco del conflicto armado, los\nresponsables de su restablecimiento en el marco de la ley\n1448 y sus decretos \u00e9tnicos, y los mecanismos de exigibilidad\nprevistos. En este sentido, se hace necesario que las\nautoridades ind\u00edgenas y afro de las comunidades afectadas\npuedan participar en las sesiones del Comit\u00e9 Territorial de\nJusticia Transicional, conocer las autoridades que tanto en el\nnivel municipal, departamental y nacional son competentes\npara su protecci\u00f3n y dimensionar el alcance de los principios\nde voluntad, seguridad y dignidad en los procesos de\nretorno.\n\n\n**4.** **Planes de contingencia comunitarios** La ocurrencia de\nemergencias masivas en territorios colectivos deber\u00edan\ngenerar la reflexi\u00f3n sobre la oportunidad de favorecer\nprocesos de fortalecimiento comunitario que le permita a las\nautoridades \u00e9tnico territoriales y miembros de la comunidad\nidentificar sus capacidades para gestionar emergencias, bien\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "al interior del territorio o fuera de \u00e9l en donde sean claros:\ncomposici\u00f3n de la comunidad, roles y funciones, contactos\nde emergencia, lugares de traslado, medios de transporte\npara traslado, entre otros elementos de un plan de\ncontingencia, de manera que se procure una gesti\u00f3n efectiva\nde la emergencia.\n\n\n**5.** **Promover la construcci\u00f3n y/o implementaci\u00f3n de los**\n**planes de vida** Se hace necesario articular alianzas\ninstitucionales que permitan el posicionamiento del plan de\nvida como hoja de ruta para la implementaci\u00f3n de acciones\nque promuevan la soberan\u00eda alimentaria, el fomento de las\nactividades culturales cotidianas y actividades que hacen\nparte de los usos y costumbres de las comunidades\nind\u00edgenas, fortalecimiento del gobierno propio, el ejercicio\nde los derechos territoriales entre otros.\n\n\n**6.** **Definir una estrategia de respuesta en Salud Mental y**\n**Apoyo Psicosocial (MHPSS)** que est\u00e9 adaptada a las\nvisiones de realidad tanto de las comunidades\nafrocolombianas como ind\u00edgenas y teniendo en cuenta los\nescenarios de intervenci\u00f3n tanto en situaci\u00f3n de\nconfinamiento con desplazamiento, particularmente en\nzonas urbanas (por ejemplo, Quibd\u00f3).\n\n\n**7.** **Fomentar el trabajo conjunto y enfoques integrados**\n**de respuesta**, incluyendo an\u00e1lisis conjunto, entre el Cl\u00faster\nde Protecci\u00f3n y Seguridad Alimentaria. El Programa Mundial\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n - Choc\u00f3, Diciembre 2021\n\n\nde Alimentos cuenta en el Departamento de El Choc\u00f3 con\nestructura log\u00edstica, personal capacitado y capacidad de\nrespuesta siendo el sector con mayor acceso a las\ncomunidades afectadas, tanto en confinamiento como\ndesplazadas, mientras que el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n cuenta\ncon la confianza por parte de estas mismas comunidades.\nAmbos sectores deben de fomentar un enfoque integrado\nde sus respuestas y as\u00ed aumentar el impacto de estas.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01cd1bf-f948-311e-9f19-276a1b64477c/PAU-El-Choco_Dic-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_517/raw/doc_517_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_517/raw/doc_517_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 096facd325a927c100f819ee0cc63e23e047c0b4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_517/raw/doc_517_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,450 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **April 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\nThis report has the objective to present an analysis of the protection\nsituation in Libya for the period January-April 2022. The analysis has\nbeen carried out by the Protection Sector with the purpose of\nidentifying the most severe protection risks affecting civilian\npopulation in Libya.\n\n\nThe protracted instability, uncertainty and conflict in Libya have a\nremarkable impact on the overall social, cultural and economic fabric.\nConflict and tensions, in combination with a complex legal, cultural\nand institutional environment for migrants, refugees, asylum seekers\nand also IDPs and returnees, are largely affecting both populations,\nLibyans and non-Libyans.\n\n\nAccess constraints, in the form of procedural, legal and political\nimpediments, are severely curtailing a relevant and up to scale\nhumanitarian response, the implementation of durable solutions, as\nwell as any structured plan of recovery and reconciliation.\n\n\nThe most severe protection risks identified in the period covered by\nthis report are: (1) Denial of resources, opportunities and services;\n(2) Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of\nmovement; (3) Inhuman, cruel and degrading treatment in detention\ncenters; (4) Evictions and/or destruction of personal property; (5)\nTrafficking in persons.\n\n\n\n**Protection**\n**Severity**\n**Scale**\n\n\n_**Methodology and Limitations**_\n\n\n_This analysis has been developed by the Protection Sector in Libya, guided by_\n_the Protection Analytical Framework. The Protection Sector has been_\n_collating available quantitative and qualitative information and data. Two_\n_analysis workshops have been carried out with sector\u2019s partners and AoRs to_\n_jointly define the protection risks between March and April 2022._\n\n\n_The political and conflict landscape of Libya, described in this analysis,_\n_curtails access and the capacity to regularly monitor and track incidents and_\n_risks. The shortage of primary data has been offset with expert judgement_\n_of the Protection Sector\u00b4s partners and AoRs. However, this in itself is an_\n_indication of limited existing capacities to provide response and remedy to_\n_violations and abuse and improve the protective environment for all affected_\n_persons._\n\n\n_The Protection Sector would like to recognize and appreciate the support_\n_received from partners in the development and review of this document, in_\n_particular (and in alphabetical order) IOM, REACH and We World \u2013 GVC._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "primary data", - "confidence": 0.8880689740180969, - "start": 346, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9511458277702332, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6681626439094543, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\nThe fragmentation of the State and the proliferation of weapons and\nmilitias, after the fall of Qadhafi in 2011, has severely undermined\nthe rule of law in Libya. This created favorable conditions for State\nand non-State actors to perpetrate and enjoy impunity for violations\nof human rights and abuses. The violence has dramatically impacted\nthe economic fabric and civic space, particularly for women and the\nvulnerable communities and individuals.\n\n\nIn October 2020, a ceasefire was declared, and the installation of the\nUN-supported Government of National Unity (\u201cGNU\u201d) opened to\nnational dialogue, yet with no improvement on the human rights\nsituation, nor in the ability to hold perpetrators of violations and\nabuses accountable. The political landscape is still fragile, even\nthough the November 2020 roadmap set the stage for the\nestablishment of the government and the holding of presidential and\nparliamentary elections in December 2021. Yet, in April 2022, the\nelections are still to take place, thereby further contributing to the\npolitical and institutional uncertainty and accountability vacuum.\n\n\nLibya is characterized by a variety of ethnic and linguistic groups, such\nas Amazigh, Tebu, Tuareg, and to an extent Tawerghans, intertwined\nby a fabric of tribal and geographical relations. Exploiting differences\nhas been often used in the past by repressive regimes to retain\npower. This was exacerbated in the last days of the Qadhafi regime\nand has had lasting consequences for entire areas of Libya. The\nTawergha population is still displaced from their hometown, after the\n2011 conflict with Misratan groups and the following total\ndestruction of the city; the Tuareg community has been subject to\nlarge-scale displacement and stigmatized as pro-regime; Tebu\ncommunities still face challenges in accessing to services in the areas\n\n\n1 Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya Sept-Oct 2021\n\n\n\nof Sebha and Kufra, fearing violence or discrimination. Nomadic\ngroups in the South face obstacles to have their Libyan citizenship\nrecognized, thus remaining at risk of statelessness. The languages of\nTebu, Tuareg and other minorities, such the Amazigh, have not been\nrecognized by the state as part of a general denial of their cultural\nrights, notwithstanding recent positive steps taken by the GNU.\n\n\nLibya is not a signatory to several important international arms\ncontrol treaties, including the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of\nthe Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel\nMines and on their Destruction (Ottawa Convention), the 2008\nConvention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) and the 1980 Convention on\nProhibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional\nWeapons and its Protocols. Neither is it party to the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and/or 1967 Protocol or the African Union Convention\nfor the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in\nAfrica. Libya is party to the OAU Convention Governing the Specific\nAspects of Refugee Problems in Africa of 1969 since 1981. However,\nthe status of refugee is not recognised by Libyan laws and policies.\n\n##### **Impact of the conflict and tensions on current national** **landscape**\n\n\nSince 2011, Libya has been affected by hostilities that amounted to a\nnon-international armed conflict (\u201cNIAC\u201d) [1] . Armed conflict, insecurity\nand human rights violations have weakened the social fabric and\nsocio-economic capacities of the population, while being the main\ndriver of internal displacement [2] . Despite the ceasefire and the Joint\nMilitary Commission (5+5 JMC) comprehensive Action Plan for the\ngradual, balanced, and sequenced withdrawal of mercenaries,\nforeign fighters, and foreign forces from Libya, little progress has\nbeen made thus far. Additionally, as reported by the UN Fact-Finding\nMission on Libya Sept-Oct 2021, political considerations appear to\n\n\n2 Durable Solution strategy Libya (internal draft)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "hamper the enforcement of arrest warrants in respect to violations,\nabuses and crimes committed since 2016 [3] . The UN Fact-Finding\nMission reported as well widespread instances of arbitrary detention\nand torture, the recruitment of child soldiers and mass killings.\n\n\nDivisions between governmental and security apparatuses in the\nWest and East, a security vacuum in the South, the presence of\nvarious militias and criminal groups throughout the country, and the\ngovernment\u2019s lack of capacity and limited reach outside of western\nLibya, have severely weakened the judicial system and have inhibited\nLibya\u2019s ability to prosecute human rights violations. Furthermore,\nLibya is not bound by international commitments as is not a signatory\nto the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.\n\n\nAlthough the 2011 Constitutional Declaration provided that each\nLibyan citizen shall have the right to recourse to the judiciary, the\nLibyan judicial system still does not have the capacity to provide\ncitizens with access to civil remedies for human rights violations.\nLibyan authorities have expressed the need of receiving technical\nassistance and cooperation to increase their capacity to prosecute\nviolations and crimes, yet at the date of this analysis, limited progress\nhas been made [4] .\n\n##### **A complex environment for population in displacement**\n\n\nLibya has experienced several waves of armed conflict and internal\ndisplacement since the 2011 events that overthrew the regime of\nColonel Muammar Qadhafi. The majority of the population displaced\nas a result of the civil war were able to return home shortly\nthereafter. However, further waves of armed conflict in 2014 in\nBenghazi, Tripoli, Misrata, and between 2019 and 2020 in the Tripoli\nand Murzuq areas, caused significant civilian deaths and internal\ndisplacement.\n\n\n3 Report of fact-Finding Mission on Libya Sept-Oct 2021, 1st of October 2021.\n\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, after the cease-fire agreement in October\n2020, the cessation of large-scale armed conflict and the subsequent\nformation of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in March 2021,\nan increasing number of displaced people spontaneously returned to\ntheir areas of origin. While the increasing number of returnees can\nbe a proxy indication of improved security, as this is also mentioned\nas one of the main pull factors of returns as reported by IOM DTM,\nintercommunal violence and conflict related insecurity remains a risk\nin various areas across Libya. In addition, the return of previously\ndisplaced populations to their area of origin is likely to provoke\ntensions in the communities, especially in case of clash of political\naffiliations between the returnee households and those who\nremained in the area. Based on the 2021 Multi-sector Needs\nAssessment (MSNA) data, the highest levels of perceived insecurity\nwere reported by the residents of Sebha and Tarhuna (on average\nacross all population groups), as well as by returnees to Sirt, Alkufra\nand Algatroun. Among non-Libyans, the civilian population from East\nAfrica, followed by persons originating from Central Africa, have\nreported high levels of insecurity, with Sebha, Murzuq and Benghazi\nbeing the mantikas where non-Libyans have reported the highest\nlevels of insecurity.\n\n\nDespite the overall perceived improvement of the security situation,\nmany returnees face challenges linked to their initial displacement.\nDamage to public infrastructure and housing and Explosive Remnants\nof War contamination remain some of the main obstacles preventing\nthe return of most families displaced in Libya. Approx. 179,000\ninternally displaced people in Libya are still waiting for a solution in\nthe form of return and reintegration, settlement elsewhere or local\nintegration.\n\n\nThe refugee and migrant populations experienced more challenges\nin 2021. For people attempting to cross the Mediterranean, the\n\n\n4 Report of fact-Finding Mission on Libya Sept-Oct 2021, 1st of October 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report of fact-Finding Mission on Libya", - "confidence": 0.5108667016029358, - "start": 315, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.730975329875946, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8826735615730286, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9946039319038391, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8066227436065674, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2021 Multi-sector Needs\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.8993204832077026, - "start": 474, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9983591437339783, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sebha and Tarhuna", - "confidence": 0.7966196537017822, - "start": 495, - "end": 498 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9995988011360168, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9501702189445496, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee households", - "confidence": 0.8431527614593506, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "number of those intercepted surpassed the total for all of 2020, with\nassociated deaths and missing persons. Migrants who are returned\nto Libya face a system of arbitrary detention without due process,\nunder inhumane and degrading conditions and are subjected to a\nrange of human rights violations and abuses. Targeted roundups of\nmigrants and refugees residing in Tripoli swelled the population in\ndetention centers despite a lack of adequate space, services and\naccess to life saving humanitarian assistance. Lack of a determined\nlegal status for many migrants, and lack of recognition of refugee\nstatus by Libyan authorities reinforces multiple obstacles to\nprotection of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Security\noperations, targeting migrants and refugees, beginning in early\nOctober 2021, resulted in mass arrests with more than 10,000\nindividuals forced into detention centers managed by the Ministry of\nInterior\u2019s Directorate for Combatting Illegal Migration (DCIM). The\nnumber of migrants and refugees held without due process in\nseverely over-crowded detention centers in degrading and inhuman\nconditions increased significantly over the year. Libyan authorities\u2019\nrestrictions on access by humanitarian partners to detained migrants\nand refugees remains a serious concern, due to the high risk of\nhuman rights violations and impeded delivery of urgently needed\nlife-saving assistance. [5]\n\n\nThere is no legal framework that enables humanitarian actors to\nprovide assistance in a safe and predictable manner to migrants,\nrefugees, and asylum seekers in need, without consideration of the\nlegality of their status in the country. Moreover, the openness of the\nregional/local authorities towards humanitarian actors varies across\nlocations. While alternative modalities such as home/field visits have\nbeen resorted to, to provide lifesaving assistance and for UNHCR and\npartners to continue serving asylum seekers and refugees within this\nreduced protection space and with the restrictive legal framework,\n\n\n[5 2022 HPC | Libya Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) - HERE](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/libya/document/2022-hpc-libya-humanitarian-response-plan-hrp-extension-2021-hrp-may-2022)\n\n\n\nhumanitarian agencies have not been able to provide consistent,\nquality humanitarian assistance at scale to all persons in need,\nincluding non-Libyans.\n\n\nAs enforcement actions against migrants and refugees are perceived\nto play well domestically in terms of building political capital, there is\na concern that the situation for these groups may worsen as the\nprospects for free and fair elections in the near future remain largely\ndistant and uncertain.\n\n##### **Protection risks enablers**\n\n\nAccess, specifically for the protection sector actors, is challenging.\nArtificial/man-made constraints increased in the second part of 2021,\nparticularly in Benghazi, Sebha and Tripoli. These included struggles\nwith obtaining registration and visa permits [6], access to migrants and\nrefugees (specifically in detention centres) and the deliberate\nhampering of assistance delivery.\n\n\nThere is increasing scrutiny towards the work of international\norganizations, in particularly those focusing on protection, and their\nengagement with Libyan NGOs. The negative impact of these\nrestrictions on the humanitarian community\u2019s needed operational\npresence, which is essential to better identify and reach people in\nneed, is further severely compounded by the fear of arbitrary arrest\nand/or detention among migrants and refugees.\n\n\nIndeed, migrants and asylum seekers tend to frequently change their\nresidence and contact details in order to maintain a low profile,\nthereby preventing them from seeking out assistance, especially in\nthe East and South.\n\n\n6 Bureaucratic restrictions on movement into and within Libya exceeded 60 per cent of the total\nreported access constraints in 2021 - Access Monitoring and Reporting Framework (AMRF)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This, in turn, creates additional challenges for humanitarian actors in\ntracing and locating the whereabouts of the persons of concern and\ntheir ability to follow up on individual cases, including for the\npurposes of asylum, resettlement, repatriation and other\ncomplementary pathways / durable solutions.\n\n\nThe safeguarding of the rights and needs of non-Libyans irregularly\nentering the country is mimed by the absence of a regularization\nframework and the fact that, under Libyan law, irregular entry is a\ncriminal offence (rather than an administrative one) [7], enabling the\nendless detention, deportation and forced labor of migrants and\nrefugees in such situations. Libya is not a party to the 1951\nConvention relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol,\nand there are no formal bodies to undertake refugee status\ndetermination process despite the ratification of the OAU\nConvention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in\nAfrica of 1969. Moreover, there is no formal or informal authorities\n\n\n7 Law No. 6 of 1987 Regulating Entry, Residence and Exit of Foreign Nationals\n8 People from Sudan, S. Sudan, Syria, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Palestine, Iraq and Yemen\n\n9 Article 10 of the 2011 interim Constitutional Declaration.\n\n\n\nto protect or respond to the needs of non-Libyans, under the\ndomestic legal framework.\n\n\nPeople from nine nationalities [8] only are eligible to register with\nUNHCR, thus severely curtailing the asylum space. Even though the\nextradition of \u201cpolitical refugees\u201d is prohibited [9], there is no\nestablished asylum system. Even for nationalities that can register\nwith UNHCR, the registration has no bearing in terms of regular entry,\nsecurity, detention or deportation. The non-distinction by the legal\nsystem between migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, victims of\ntrafficking, migrants in vulnerable situations, migrant children, or\nother migrants in need of international (human rights) protection, is\na normative impediment to provide redress, remedies or putting a\nhalt to the effects of existing protracted protection risks, let alone\nidentification of durable solutions.\n\n\nThe number of COVID-19 confirmed cases significantly increased in\nLibya at the beginning of 2022 (164% from December 2021),\namounting to a total of 490.000 cumulative cases. An increase was\nalso noted in case incidence, positivity rate (21.9% compared to\n13.2% in December, specifically in the East) [10], lab testing capacity and\ndeaths reported in January 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic, together\nwith the 11-month blockade of oil facilities in the country (since April\n2019), has impacted the GDP per capita, reducing the purchasing\npower of the population. The low domestic production, the liquidity\ncrisis (particularly in the East and South) and the reliance of the\ncountry on imports, impacts the ability of the population to\nconsistently meet their needs. Multidimensional poverty has\nincreased over the past decade and the social protection systems are\nstill inadequate. Overall, inequality is increasing, with dire effects on\nthe overall population coping capacities and general food security. In\nJanuary 2021, the foreign exchange tax was abolished, somehow\n\n\n10 According to WHO recommendations, the positivity rates should be kept below 5 per cent in\nall districts. Libya remains classified under very high community transmission with the Alpha,\nBeta, Delta, and Omicron Variants of Concern in circulation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "improving macro-economic stability but with no consistent reduction\nof the cost of the minimum expenditure basket (MEB).\n\n#### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\nThe Libya Protection Sector is supporting five population subgroups,\ncharacterized by their displacement situation - internally displaced\npersons (IDPs), IDP-returnees, refugees and asylum seekers,\nmigrants, and non-displaced persons affected by the armed conflict.\nThe dominant protection risks in Libya do not always affect all of\nthese groups in the same ways.\n\n##### **RISK 1: Denial of resources, opportunities and services**\n\n\nAs a legacy of the Qadhafi regime, Libya has a relatively robust social\nsafety net system, which in parts remains functional despite the overdecade long internal conflict and political divisions. As a result,\nconflict-affected Libyans, including IDPs, are eligible for support from\nthe Ministry of Social Affairs. Displaced Libyans holding positions in\nstate-owned companies or public administration are still eligible to\nreceive salaries.\n\n\nYet, due to the liquidity crisis and other banking impediments,\ndisplaced families are unable to receive and access these funds on a\nregular basis. Many of them are forced to travel to their areas of\norigin as they can only withdraw money from their local bank\nbranches. This exposes some to violence and persecution, especially\nif they are perceived as affiliated with a certain political side \u2013 a risk\nwhich has been the primary driver of displacement. In many cases\nthe real perceived threat of ERW blocks access to housing, basic\nservices, and livelihoods, especially for vulnerable groups such as IDPreturnees and migrant workers.\n\n\nSimilar challenges are faced by some IDPs when trying to obtain or\nreplace civil documentation or birth certificates for their children.\n\n\n[11 Law No. (8) of 2014 on the national ID number - HERE](https://security-legislation.ly/en/law/33616)\n\n\n\nWomen, especially widowed, divorced or those married to nonLibyans, face additional obstacles in accessing civil documentation\nand subsequently government services, if they do not possess the\nfamily status document number [11] . For Libyan nationals, even in the\ncase of having a family number, women are not allowed to register\ntheir newborns without a father present. Women and orphans from\nTarhouna (West of Libya) whose husbands were killed or disappeared\nduring the war [12] are unable to access assistance from the Ministry of\nSocial Affairs as the local authorities are refusing to issue death\ncertificates of the male heads of household.\n\n\nAnother example is the situation of children with disabilities whose\nmothers are Libyans, but fathers are non-Libyans. According to the\nLibyan legal framework, such children are not considered Libyan\ncitizens and thus are officially not eligible for assistance through\nsocial security funds. This affects in particular the southern mantikas\nof Libya and areas along the border where there has been historically\na strong presence of migrant workers and cross-border movements.\n\n\nMigrants, refugees and asylum seekers are generally excluded from\naccessing any type of government and/or public services, the COVID19 vaccination campaign conducted through government structures\nwith the support of the international community, being the only\nexception so far.\n\n\nThe alternative for few people who have the required resources is to\nrely on private service providers. Protection partners received\nnumerous reports about personal documents, including passports,\nbeing taken away from migrants and refugees when trying to access\nhealth services in Tripoli. Replacement of personal documents is\nquite challenging especially if there is no embassy/consulate of the\ncountry of origin located in Libya, and impossible for people fleeing\ntheir countries due to persecution.\n\n\n12 https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/07/libya-militia-terrorized-town-leaving-mass-graves\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Provision of humanitarian assistance to persons without a\nregularized legal status is also severely curtailed, especially when it\ncomes to cash-based interventions and housing/rental support. The\nhumanitarian space was further affected by the mass arrest\ncampaign in Tripoli during the first days of October 2021. As a result,\nhundreds of people lost access to the rental market as humanitarian\nactors were unable to provide cash for rent, and private landlords\nwere reluctant to rent accommodation to non-Libyans who do not\nhave a regularized legal status in Libya.\n\n\nAcross Libya, more vulnerable migrants and refugees have been\nexposed to exploitation, including trafficking, violence, abuse, and\nhomelessness. At the same time, access to services and assistance,\nincluding protection support, remains limited for this population\ngroup. Indeed, on one hand seeking public services is likely to expose\nnon-Libyans to protection risks, including risk of arrest and detention.\nOn the other hand, humanitarian assistance remains limited, and\nhampered by access constraints and limitations to access and\nsupport to this population group. In such a situation, people tend to\nrely primarily on community networks, whose strength and\ncapacities vary. Access to services is particularly challenging for those\nnon-Libyans who do not speak Arabic and/or are not Muslims. On\nnumerous occasions racist and xenophobic rhetoric was used against\nmigrants and refugees from sub-Saharan Africa both by\nmunicipalities and in social media instigating intercommunal\nviolence.\n\n\nDespite the difficult situation faced by non-Libyans, the Libyan labor\nmarket continues to heavily rely on labor provided by this population\ngroup. Limited or lack of legal protection of irregular undocumented\nmigrant workers or workers engaged in the informal economy\ncreates subsequent risks of exploitation and hazardous working\nenvironment, where people are usually unable to access any support\nin case of work-related accidents or justice for any breaches of the\nlabor laws. In the case of non-Libyan women, this notably results in\nincrease risks of harassment and violence at the workplace.\n\n\n\nSurvivors of SGBV in Libya face specific critical challenges related to\naccessing justice due to the legal framework in which sexual violence\nis understood as a crime against the victim\u2019s \u2018honor\u2019 (Zina). As a\nresult, a perpetrator can marry his victim to nullify any legal action\nagainst him. During the legal action, survivors can also be accused of\nprostitution. This situation, combined with mandatory reporting of\nSGBV by health service providers and widespread social\nstigmatization of survivors, creates additional barriers for survivors\nto seek assistance. The lack of protective legal mechanisms, lack of\ncapacities in law enforcement and social services to support GBV\ncases further contributes to widespread impunity of perpetrators.\n\n##### **RISK 2: Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to** **freedom of movement and forced displacement**\n\n\nSince the ceasefire in October 2020, the arbitrary restrictions of\nmovement related to the armed conflict have reduced. However,\npersons without a regularized legal status in Libya or missing\ndocumentation face risks of detention and/or extortion at\ncheckpoints. This particularly affects non-Arabic speakers and/or\npeople from sub-Saharan Africa, since the dark skin color appears to\nbe a contributing factor to harassment and discrimination.\n\n\nAccording to the MSNA, 72% of migrants, refugees and asylum\nseekers from East Africa interviewed reported that lack of documents\nresults in movement and/or travel restrictions. Also, Libyans who are\nperceived to have been affiliated with certain parties, sometimes just\ndue to their area of origin or chosen area of residence following their\ndisplacement, face risks of persecution especially while traveling\nbetween regions. Insecurity is still one of the key barriers for IDPs to\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "return, while improved security in areas of origin is a key contributing\nfactor to IDP returns. [13]\n\n\nAccording to the MSNA, among the Libyan population, IDP returnees interviewed were more likely to report being aware of\nphysical safety and security incidents in their area, compared to IDPs\nand non-displaced groups. Physical safety and security incidents were\nfound to be highest in the Southern region (Murzuq, Sebha, Ubari) as\nwell as Al Jabal al Gharbi and Almargeb. In Tarhouna, the movement\nrestrictions appeared to be caused mainly by conflict- related\ninsecurity, presence of checkpoints and fear of persecution, while\nsimilar fears were shared by returnees to Murzuq.\n\n\nWhile movement restrictions as such were not mentioned as a\nconcern by a significant ratio of people in the following locations,\nover 50% of those who experienced them linked movement\nrestrictions to conflict related insecurity in Alkufra, Algatroun, Sebha,\nWadi Etba, Swani, Armargeb, Sirt, Hai al Andalus, Tajoura and Tripoli.\n\n\nWith intensification of clearance efforts, ERW-related movement\nrestrictions were also found to be decreasing. Yet, in several areas,\nERW contamination creates a risk for potential returnees, primarily\nin Southern Tripoli.\n\n\nMovement restrictions due to presence of ERW were reported most\noften by residents of Abu Salim, Tarhouna and Derna. In Abu Salim,\nover 44% of IDPs interviewed for the MSNA said that explosive\nhazards were preventing them from returning home. While the\noverall exposure is decreasing due to clearance efforts, explosive\ncontamination continues to impede human security and access in\nmany of Libya\u2019s major coastal cities, including Tripoli, Benghazi,\nMisrata and Sirte.\n\n\nBetween November 2021 and February 2022, a reported number of\n1500 migrants of various nationalities were identified upon their\n\n\n13 IOM DTM\n\n\n\narrival in Niger as having been expelled from Libya. This is indicative\nof a recent increase in reported mass expulsions from Libya to Niger\nvia the Al-Toum border crossing in Southern Libya and may be linked\nto the raids on migrants, refugees and asylum seekers dominated\nneighborhoods in Sebha. Similar concerns on expulsions from Eastern\nLibya into Sudan were reported by Protection Sector partners,\nthough no figures are available. In both cases, information is limited\nas there is no systematic monitoring mechanism.\n\n\nWhile the international community is working together with the GNU\nto establish a durable solutions strategy/policy, there is currently no\nframework in support of durable solutions in place. The majority of\nthe internally displaced people live in rented accommodation, yet\nthere are approximately 14,000 displaced men, women, boys and\ngirls, primarily from Tawergha, living in 24 informal collective sites,\nlocated mainly on government land. As the security situation for\nLibyans is slowly improving and the rate of spontaneous returns\nincreases, there is a growing motivation to close the informal sites\nand, recover the land for its original purpose, which may result in an\nintensification of evictions of displaced households.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **RISK 3: Inhumane, cruel and degrading treatment in** **detention**\n\nThe non-Libyan population, in general, faces discrimination, legal\ninsecurity and cycles of violence when they irregularly enter, stay in\nand exit the country, often becoming victims of human traffickers.\n\n\nIn particular, migrants on the journey to Europe are reportedly\nexposed to abuses and rights violations, including sexual violence, at\nthe hands of smugglers and traffickers, face violent and reckless\ninterception by the Libyan Coast Guard (resulting at times in deaths)\nand recently also by the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA), to then be\ntransferred to formal detention centres or informal detention\nfacilities, where they are kept in inhumane conditions.\n\n\nBetween late 2021 and the first half of 2022, several raids resulting\nin mass arrest of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers occurred\nacross Libya. The largest one took place in early October 2021, when\nin three days over 5000 persons were arrested and placed in\novercrowded detention centres, exposed to inhumane treatment\nand living conditions far from any standards.\n\n\nSimilar raids, though affecting fewer people, occurred in December\n2021 in Sebha, in January 2022 in Tripoli at the UNHCR Community\nDay Center and between March and April 2022 in Zwara. Persons\nwithout a regularized legal status also face risk of arrest and\ndetention when moving in urban areas, including when traveling for\nwork.\n\n\n\n_Figure 1 - Number of people in DCIM managed detention centers by month with_\n_disaggregation of Persons of Concern to UNHCR (IOM, UNHCR)_\n\n\nAccording to the 2022 MSNA, non-Libyan men tend to be particularly\naffected by arrest and detention, with more than twice as many men\nthan women recalling incidents of arbitrary arrest and detention\naffecting migrants and refugees in their area. Thus, in times of\nincreased security operations, many of the migrants, refugees and\nasylum seekers restrict their movements at the cost of reducing their\nincome and livelihoods, which has a ripple effect on their food\nsecurity and access to basic services.\n\n\nIn most of the DCs, there are no dedicated spaces for children and\nwomen, nor female guards. Most WASH facilities are not meeting any\nstandards and food ratios are often not sufficient in terms of both\nquantity and quality, leading to wide-spread malnutrition and in\nsome cases starvation. At the same time humanitarian actors face a\ncomplex dilemma related to the engagement in DCs. According to the\n\u201c _Principled Framework_ _for Interventions in Detention\u201d_, developed by\nthe Migrant and Refugee Platform (MRP), only life-saving assistance\nshould be provided, which does not contribute to the sustainability\nof the detention system. The boundaries of what shall be considered\nas life-saving assistance were described in the HCT Position Paper\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "endorsed in October 2021, complementing the Principled\nFramework. Presence of actors in DCs was considered a means of\nprotection by presence.\n\n\nTorture and sexual violence are prevalent in detention centers.\nMigrants, refugees and asylum seekers are detained for undefined\nperiods without due process and denied access to judicial remedies\nto review their detention. In many cases, the only escape is by\nresorting to re-paying large sums of money to smugglers and\ntraffickers or engaging in hazardous coping mechanisms, such as\nengaging in forced labour or the provision of sexual favours [14] . There\nare numerous reports about women being raped, sexually abused [15]\nas well as being trafficked out of the DCs and forced into sexual\nslavery by armed groups.\n\n\n_Figure 2 - Number of people in DCIM managed detention centers by week with_\n_disaggregation of Persons of Concern to UNHCR (IOM, UNHCR)_\n\n\nThe widespread detention of refugees and asylum-seekers, including\nchildren, by the Department for Combating Illegal Migration (DCIM)\nis arbitrary and contrary to international obligations and legal norms,\n\n\n14 UN fact-Finding Mission, October 2021\n\n\n\nlacking legal oversight and judicial review, contributing to\nwidespread human rights abuses against migrants and refugees.\n\n\nHowever, even health actors are unable to independently assess the\nneeds of detained persons to determine the assistance required. On\nthe other hand, the presence of humanitarian actors does not\nprevent incidents of severe violence from occurring and access to DCs\nfor humanitarian actors becomes increasingly challenging.\n\n\nSince the change in the DCIM management in January 2022, the\nStability Support Apparatus (SSA) increased their engagement in\ninterception and detention of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers\nincluding interceptions at sea, reportedly resorting to use of force.\n\n\nThere are at least three former DCIM \u2013 managed facilities currently\nused to detain non-Libyans, presently managed by SSA \u2013 Al-Maya, AlZawiya and Al-Zahra. Though no humanitarian actors appear to have\naccess to these facilities, it is estimated that approximately 5500\npersons could currently be held there, reportedly without access to\n\n\n15 UN fact-finding mission report, March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "basic services and subjected to grave human rights violations. Deaths\nresulting from torture were also reported.\n\n\nThe change in management of some DCs should also be considered\nwhen interpreting the decrease in the reported number of persons in\ndetention \u2013 indeed, this could be linked to the removal of certain\nfacilities from the DCIM management and not only to the release of\ndetained persons. Reports indicate several hundred people might still\nbe kept in one of the closed DCs in inhumane conditions.\n\n##### **RISK 4: Evictions and/or destruction of personal** **property**\n\n\nThe sense of improved security situation, coupled with depleted\nfinancial resources is creating favorable conditions for evictions of\nIDPs from both public land and privately rented accommodation.\nSince April 2021, 109 incidents of eviction were reported through the\nEviction Tracker [16] .\n\n\nOut of those, 18 records were related to large scale expulsions and\ncollective evictions (more than one household), affecting in total\n10,728 persons, out of those 4562 IDPs from Tawergha, 6103\nMigrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers and 63 IDP \u2013 returnees to\nTawergha.\n\n\nThe other reported incidents (91 records) were related to evictions\nof individual households, affecting 461 people overall, of which 235\nwere IDPs, 149 were migrants, refugees and asylum seekers (63% of\nwhich were Sudanese and 27% Syrians) and 77 were non-displaced\nhouseholds In total humanitarian actors reported that evictions\naffected 11,233 people in total, out of those 2010 (17%) with\ndisabilities/chronic illnesses. As these are figures are derived from\ncases of evictions reported by humanitarian actors shared through\n\n\n16 The Eviction Tracker is a joint initiative of the SNFI and Protection Sectors under the umbrella\nof the Eviction Task Force launched in September 2021. Its objective is to record, track and\ntrigger response, including through interagency referrals, to cases of evictions and threats\nthereof affecting individuals and collective sites and strengthen understanding of factors which\n\n\n\nthe Eviction Tracker only, the actual scale of evictions in Libya is likely\nto be much larger.\n\n\n_Figure 4 - Collective_\n_IDP settlements in_\n_Libya identified by_\n_the_ _Shelter/NFI_\n_Sector in 2021_\n\n\n_Figure 3 - Collective IDP settlements in Benghazi identified by the_\n_S/NFI Sector in 2021_\n\n\nApprox. 95% of the Libyan population affected by the reported\nevictions originated from Tawergha or Misrata, 2,2% from Benghazi,\nslightly over 1% from Tripolitania area and 0,75% from Murzuq.\n\n\nput persons at heightened risk. This will also provide an evidence base for advocacy at local and\nnational level to develop a coherent eviction and relocation policy where undue harm and\nsuffering are mitigated in line with international standards.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction Tracker", - "confidence": 0.9983627200126648, - "start": 152, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Eviction Task Force", - "confidence": 0.6925874948501587, - "start": 327, - "end": 330 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tawergha", - "confidence": 0.548252284526825, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6916542053222656, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian actors", - "confidence": 0.5098019242286682, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction Tracker", - "confidence": 0.987902820110321, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "record, track and\ntrigger response", - "confidence": 0.6260888576507568, - "start": 339, - "end": 345 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Eviction Task Force", - "confidence": 0.9563449025154114, - "start": 327, - "end": 330 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8917198777198792, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7350525259971619, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8134467601776123, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Libyan population", - "confidence": 0.5065612196922302, - "start": 428, - "end": 430 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction Tracker", - "confidence": 0.5689908266067505, - "start": 370, - "end": 372 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.5437704920768738, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8079373836517334, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Libyan population", - "confidence": 0.7215858697891235, - "start": 428, - "end": 430 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "eviction and relocation policy", - "confidence": 0.8500285744667053, - "start": 487, - "end": 491 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons", - "confidence": 0.6769883036613464, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regardless of the displacement situation, the vast majority of\nindividual households at risk of eviction was reported to live on\nprivately owned land/property, while almost all collective sites at\nrisk, were located on government-owned land. 2 out of every 3\nhouseholds affected were found not to have a written contract\nregulating the terms of their lease. In 70% of individual eviction cases\naffecting IDPs, the eviction was related to inability to afford rent or\nutility fees. Interestingly, in the case of migrants, refugees and\nasylum seekers, for 65% of individual eviction cases, the sole reason\nfor the eviction was the intention by the landlord to repurpose the\nland and only in 14% of cases was it solely related to inability to pay\nrent or utility fees.\n\n\nOnly in 24% of cases overall there was confirmed information about\ntenants attempting to address the issue of eviction. Predominantly,\nit was an attempt to directly engage with the landlord. Non-displaced\npeople were most likely to try and address the issue (about 50% of\nindividual cases), followed by IDPs (32% of cases), while migrants,\nrefugees and asylum seekers were least likely to attempt to do so\n(less than 7%). Affected households were more than twice as likely to\nattempt addressing the issue when it was related to non-payment or\nlate payment of rent, than when it was linked to repurposing of the\nland.\n\n\nBased on information obtained from the Ministry of Social Affairs,\nthere are currently 5 IDP settlements at risk of eviction/closure, of\nwhich 4 are located on government-owned land, with no clear\ntimeline set. These are al-Fallah 1 and al-Fallah 2 in Tripoli, where 487\nfamilies reside, and Sport City 1 and 2 in Benghazi, with estimated\n303 households living in their premises. The majority of the families\noriginate from Tawergha. The Ministry of Social Affairs is planning to\nsupport affected households in these locations with cash for rent \u2013\nplanning for 12,000 LYD per household, in a one-off installment.\n\n\nAs MoSA does not have a central budget, the Ministry plans to submit\na request to the Presidential Council asking for a decree approving\n\n\n\nthis plan and allocating the necessary resources. Even in case such a\ndecree is issued, it might take a long time for the actual funding to\ncome through, considering liquidity constraints. Should the\nsettlement closure take place, it would affect around 35 % of IDPs\nliving in collective sites.\n\n\nForced evictions create a push factor for returns which might not\nmeet international standards of safety, dignity and voluntariness,\nthus exposing IDPs and returnees to further risks such as GBV, family\nseparation, arbitrary arrest, intimidation by unknown armed groups,\nhomelessness, and discontinuation of access to services, especially\nhealth, mental health, and psychosocial support (MHPSS) and\neducation.\n\n\n_Figure 5 - Collective IDP settlements in Tripoli identified by the S/NFI Sector in 2021_\n\n##### **RISK 5: Trafficking in persons**\n\n\nTrafficking in persons remains a critical protection risk in Libya, with\nmigrants and refugees in transient situations finding themselves\nparticularly vulnerable. The lack of a robust legal framework for the\nprotection of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators has led to\n[an atmosphere of impunity.](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FDocuments%2FCountries%2FLY%2FDetainedAndDehumanised_en.pdf&data=05%7C01%7Ca.geller%40drc.ngo%7Cc225cb13e281448ec1ae08da2923fe1d%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C637867531952280723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AmsC0NVMmx%2B9Kb1jGA6p3FuA%2BQ0eHKUJmfGIrRdOctk%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n[Libya was designated as a Special Case in the Annual Trafficking in](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2021-trafficking-in-persons-report%2Flibya%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ca.geller%40drc.ngo%7Cc225cb13e281448ec1ae08da2923fe1d%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C637867531952280723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=tP2htNhCddIM5FaSxNvqCuznZ5XbOck%2FbD6pocbZVws%3D&reserved=0)\n[Persons report 2021. Libya lacks any comprehensive legal framework](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2021-trafficking-in-persons-report%2Flibya%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ca.geller%40drc.ngo%7Cc225cb13e281448ec1ae08da2923fe1d%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C637867531952280723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=tP2htNhCddIM5FaSxNvqCuznZ5XbOck%2FbD6pocbZVws%3D&reserved=0)\nto address Trafficking in Persons or other human rights violations\nagainst migrants even though it is a signatory to the United Nations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and its\nsupplementing Protocols. The judicial system is not fully functioning,\nas courts in major cities throughout the country have not been\noperational since 2014, affecting both Libyans and non-Libyans alike.\n\n\nEndemic corruption and militias\u2019 control and influence contributes to\nthe Government\u2019s inability to effectively address trafficking.\nUndocumented migrants relying on informal labor arrangements are\nadditionally at high risk of labor exploitation, without any possibility\nfor enforcing minimum labor standards, or access to recourse.\n\n\nThe impact of trafficking on non-Libyans within the country remains\n[unknown. For the more than 620,000 migrants residing in Libya, the](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmigration.iom.int%2Freports%2Flibya-migrant-report-39-october-november-2021&data=05%7C01%7Ca.geller%40drc.ngo%7Cc225cb13e281448ec1ae08da2923fe1d%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C637867531952280723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=x4e9Z9rYbP5wte4K0KxauNZtYzzf966XIUPGPrcDUIY%3D&reserved=0)\nrisk of trafficking is ever-present. The irregular status of the vast\nmajority of migrants increases their risk of trafficking, as well as their\ninability to access to protection and assistance. Migrant victims of\ntrafficking currently do not have recourse or are not provided with\nassistance within the state apparatus. They often face detention,\nabuse and re-trafficking.\n\nAn important information gap remains as to the number of potential\nvictims of trafficking in Libya. IOM Libya identified and assisted 700\nVoT in 2021 (12 girls, 142 women, 49 boys, 497 men). Somalia (25%),\nNigeria (22%) and Sudan (19%) constituted the main VoT\nnationalities. These numbers can only be considered the tip of the\niceberg, with such data being limited to specific programmes\u2019\nfootprint on the ground.\n\nAvailable information indicates that most cases comprise kidnapping\nfor the purpose of extortion, followed by labor exploitation and\nsexual exploitation. Victims suffer many forms of abuse including\nsexual, physical, verbal abuse, denial of food and water (in some\ncases leading to malnutrition), and torture.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4. PROTECTION RESPONSE [17]\n##### 4.1 Operational overview\n\n17 (Jan-Dec 2022 \u2013 source: Activity info)\n\n\n##### 4.2 Response gaps 4.3 Funding data\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\nThe humanitarian community, under the leadership of the HCT and\nwith the support of key enablers such as UNMSIL, SASG, and other\nstakeholders, shall take note of the issues raised herein, and engage\nmore proactively the national authorities in Libya in providing\nprotection to all persons in need, including Libyan and non-Libyan\npopulations, as well as creating a conducive protection environment\nwhere the physical, legal and material safety of all persons present in\nLibya are guaranteed, regardless of their status. In addition, Libyan\nauthorities shall:\n\n\n**a)** regularize the presence and operational freedom of\n\nhumanitarian actors;\n**b)** grant visas as well as ensure full access for all humanitarian\n\nactors at large, to all categories of persons in need,\nthroughout the Libyan territory;\n**c)** enable all persons of concern and in need of support (both\n\nLibyan and non-Libyan) to have an unimpeded access to all\nservices, either public or provided by the humanitarian\ncommunity; and\n**d)** implement without further delay, the recommendations\n\nderiving from all relevant fact-finding missions, independent\nreports issued by Special rapporteurs, etc.\n\n\n**RISK 1: Denial of resources, opportunities and services**\n\n\n- The national authorities of Libya (legislative, executive and the\njudiciary) have the primary responsibility to expedite the\ndevelopment of new legislation and policies governing a) the\nregistration of and issuance of personal documentation for the\ndomicile population and b) regularization of the presence and\nmovement of foreign national in its territory, in line with\ninternational standards, as well as c) ensure adequate\nimplementation of the existing legislation, through an affirmative\napproach to specific categories in need.\n\n\n\n\n- As a matter of priority, and with the view of ensuring an\nunimpeded access to all public services, the national authorities\nof Libya, with the support of relevant stakeholders, shall:\n**a)** implement the decentralization of the civil registration,\n\nthereby guaranteeing issuance of all personal documents\nthroughout Libya, regardless of the current residence of the\nperson in need of;\n**b)** expedite the issuance of death certificates for all deceased,\n\nin order to ensure access to rights and services for the\nsurviving family members;\n**c)** regularize the legal status of all non-domicile persons present\n\nin its territory, with a particular emphasis on vulnerable\ncategories such as migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, as\nwell as ensure unimpeded access to labor market, rental\nmarket and scheme, etc;\n**d)** create a conducive environment for protection of survivors\n\nof SGBV, and ensure a meaningful access to services for\nvulnerable categories, such as children and PWD;\n\n\n**RISK 2: Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of**\n**movement and forced displacement**\n\n - The national authorities of Libya, with the support of\nhumanitarian community led by the RC/C, shall expedite the\ndevelopment and implementation of the policy framework\non durable solutions for the displaced population, inclusive\nof an action plan with concrete timelines. The framework and\nits action plan shall take into consideration key issues and\npriorities identified by the Protection actors (see above).\n\n - An equally important and urgent task for the national\nauthorities shall be access to documentation and the\nregularization of the legal status of Asylum seekers, refugees\nand migrants, in order to ensure a meaningful freedom of\nmovement for persons present in the territory of Libya.\n\n - National authorities and stakeholders need to urgently\ncreate condition conducive for:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**a)** unimpeded freedom of movement throughout Libya and full\n\naccess to services for all persons present in its territory,\nregardless of their ethnic, religious, political and other\ncharacteristics or affiliations;\n**b)** support the identification and implementation of the\n\nadequate durable solutions through an inclusive and\nparticipatory processes for IDPs, free of physical,\npsychological or material coercion to return, and in\nconditions of safety and with dignity;\n**c)** full respect of the principle of non-refoulement and ensure\n\ndue process at international borders and that all migrants,\nasylum seekers and refugees are treated in accordance with\ninternational human right and refugee law, including the\nprinciple of non-refoulement.\n\n- The humanitarian community in general, all relevant\nstakeholders and enablers shall work together in promoting of\nand advocating for a rights-based approach, based on\ninternational standards, as well as support the national\nauthorities in enhancing their capacities, increasing\naccountability and removing all barriers impeding access to rights\nand services for all categories of persons in need.\n\n\n**RISK 3:** **Inhumane, cruel and degrading treatment in detention**\n\n\n- Since Libya is party to a number of key international and regional\ntreaties that stipulate the prohibition of torture and other cruel,\ninhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (ill-treatment),\nfirst and the foremost, the national authorities in Libya, with the\nsupport of international community, have the duty to harmonize\nits legislation with the provisions of the relevant bodies of the\n\n\n_18 Libya is party to a number of key international and regional treaties that_\n_enshrine the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or_\n_degrading treatment or punishment (ill-treatment). These include the 1966_\n_International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (articles 7 and_\n\n\n\ninternational law (in particular human rights law and the refugee\nlaw), in order to:\n\n**a)** de-criminalize illicit border crossing for the purposes of\n\nasylum or migration;\n**b)** ensure respect of human rights of migrants, asylum seekers\n\nand refugees while in detention\n**c)** identify alternative modalities to migration detention; and\n\nfacilitate access to humanitarian actors to detention centers\n**d)** prevent and sanction any form detention without a due\n\nprocess;\n**e)** regularize all administrative bodies governing admission,\n\ninterception at sea, management of the detention facilities,\netc, through a legal framework in line with international\nstandards and obligations;\n**f)** combat xenophobia and negative narrative targeting asylum\n\nseekers, refugees and migrants. Under international law\n( _Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties_ ),\nstates parties to a treaty are bound to implement its\nprovisions and must ensure that their domestic law complies\nwith their treaty obligations [18] .\n\n\n**RISK 4: Evictions and/or destruction of personal property**\n\n\n- In addition to recommendations already listed above, the\nnational authorities of Libya, with the support of humanitarian\ncommunity led by the RC/HC, shall identify modalities for\npreventing and mitigating critical protection risks associated with\nthe forced evictions, and in parallel work constructively in\ncreating conditions conducive for a free and voluntary process of\nidentification of durable solutions for the displaced, either\n\n\n_10), the 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR) (article_\n_5), the 1984 United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,_\n_Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) and the 1989_\n_Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (article 37)._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "through integration, settlement elsewhere or voluntary return in\nsafety and dignity. Serious efforts need to be made to combat\nnegative policies and practices exposing IDPs and returnees to\nrisks of decision making under duress, involuntary return, family\nseparation, arbitrary arrest, as well as coercion by armed groups.\nAll actors shall also work collectively in minimizing the risk of\nsecondary displacement and insecurity over housing, land, and\nproperty rights, through development of the policy framework in\nline with international standards.\n\n\n**RISK 5:** **Trafficking in persons**\n\n\n- The humanitarian community, under the leadership of the HCT\nand with the support of key enablers such as UNMSIL, SASG, and\nother stakeholders, shall take due note of the provisions and\nrecommendations from report of the Secretary General [19] and\nengage the Libyan authorities and the relevant stakeholders in\nmeeting their obligations deriving from the UNSC 2437 and UNSC\n2240 respectively.\n\n- Libyan authorities have a particular responsibility in combating\ntrafficking in persons, addressing the culture of impunity,\nincrease the capacity of the law enforcement entities, and create\nmechanisms and networks for supporting the survivors of the\ntrafficking, in particular the vulnerable categories such as elderly,\nwomen and children in line with the United Nations Convention\nagainst Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and its\nsupplementing Protocols, to which Libya is a state party.\n\n\n19 Implementation of resolution 2437 (2018) - Report of the Secretary[General (S/2019/711) [EN/AR] - here](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/implementation-resolution-2437-2018-report-secretary-general-s2019711-enar)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1f3c2fb2-4300-47e0-b822-8149a8da0204/PAU-Libya-2022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_518/raw/doc_518_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_518/raw/doc_518_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e96058b3e2d36b1d9d125dfe82815b43a180fd3d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_518/raw/doc_518_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **AN\u00c1LISIS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n### Diciembre 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n**1.** **INTRODUCCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nEste an\u00e1lisis se construye con base en referencias oficiales y en\nlos procesos de monitoreo del Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n\nde Norte de Santander. Tiene en cuenta la situaci\u00f3n de riesgo\ny/o vulneraci\u00f3n de DDHH en la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo debido\na la persistencia del conflicto armado en el territorio. Presenta\nuna descripci\u00f3n del actual contexto, las principales\nafectaciones para la poblaci\u00f3n civil, las capacidades de las\nredes locales de protecci\u00f3n y sugiere recomendaciones para\nenfrentar la crisis de Protecci\u00f3n que se evidencia en el\nterritorio.\n\n\n**CIFRAS CLAVE**\n\n**266**\nHomicidios en 2021\n\n**51**\nPersonas L\u00edderes sociales y defensoras de derechos humanos\nasesinadas desde la firma del acuerdo de paz en 2016\n\n**40**\nAtaques a misiones m\u00e9dicas en 2021\n\n**391.771**\nPersonas en necesidad de servicios de protecci\u00f3n del total de\n\nhabitantes del departamento\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\n**METODOLOG\u00cdA**\nLa metodolog\u00eda de este An\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n ha combinado\nvisitas al departamento por parte de los equipos globales y\nnacionales del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, reuniones con los socios\nlocales, informantes clave y con poblaci\u00f3n afectada. Su proceso\nde an\u00e1lisis ha seguido la metodolog\u00eda de severidad y\nestimaciones de Personas en Necesidad (PiN) y el Marco\nAnal\u00edtico de Protecci\u00f3n, o PAF.\n\n**LIMITACIONES**\nEl presente an\u00e1lisis ha seguido una l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis cualitativo\ny su posterior interpretaci\u00f3n por parte de expertos. Debido al\nacceso limitado a algunos territorios dentro del departamento,\nas\u00ed como los potenciales riesgos que se podr\u00edan llegar a generar\na las comunidades en el contexto actual, el Cl\u00faster de\nProtecci\u00f3n desaconseja la organizaci\u00f3n de entrevistas a nivel de\nhogar para el an\u00e1lisis de necesidades si estas entrevistas no\nvienen acompa\u00f1adas inmediatamente de servicios\nhumanitarios o son ya parte de la respuesta operacional de los\nactores humanitarios.\n\n\n\n**2.** **CONTEXTO**\n\nLas necesidades humanitarias en la regi\u00f3n de **Norte de**\n**Santander, en Colombia**, siguen siendo impulsadas por una\nprolongada crisis de protecci\u00f3n que deja a la poblaci\u00f3n civil\nluchando por la garant\u00eda de sus derechos humanos. Esta crisis\nse caracteriza por **un conflicto armado** prolongado que sigue\nconcentrado en la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo, al igual que en la zona\nrural de C\u00facuta y su \u00e1rea metropolitana (El Zulia, Los Patios, Villa\ndel Rosario, San Cayetano y Puerto Santander).\n\nEsta zona de frontera con Venezuela est\u00e1 marcada por la\npresencia de m\u00faltiples actores armados ilegales, as\u00ed como\norganizaciones de crimen organizado transnacional que\ncontrolan din\u00e1micas territoriales y generan conflictos y\nafectaciones a las poblaciones. De enero a noviembre del 2021,\nse han registraron **80 acciones armadas** en la regi\u00f3n.\n\nLa recurrencia de la violencia y la persistencia de la\nconfrontaci\u00f3n armada en la zona genera confinamientos en la\npoblaci\u00f3n civil, al igual que restricciones de movilidad que\ngeneran inseguridad alimentaria, interrumpen los servicios\nb\u00e1sicos e impiden el ejercicio aut\u00f3nomo de las comunidades\nsobre el territorio. As\u00ed mismo, persiste el desplazamiento\nforzado interno de car\u00e1cter individual y masivo, con efectos en\nla vulneraci\u00f3n de derechos de las mujeres, los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, comunidades campesinas, ind\u00edgenas, l\u00edderes y\nlideresas sociales, incluidas aquellas personas que han llegado\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\na Colombia huyendo de la situaci\u00f3n en Venezuela. En 2021, se\ncometieron **266 homicidios** en el Norte de Santander,\nincluyendo una **masacre de 5 j\u00f3venes** entre los 19 y 25 a\u00f1os.\n\nSeg\u00fan la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo a trav\u00e9s de su Sistema de\nAlertas Tempranas, se han identificado riesgos en 24 de los\nmunicipios del departamento (60%), documentando riesgos\ninminentes y recurrentes para las poblaciones, advirtiendo\nvulnerabilidades y haciendo recomendaciones en materia de\nprevenci\u00f3n a estos riesgos y protecci\u00f3n de derechos. En los\nmapas puede verse la evoluci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n del\ndepartamento entre 2019 y 2021, con un claro aumento de los\nmunicipios con riesgos estructurales y con riesgos inminentes.\n\n\n\na Colombia huyendo de la situaci\u00f3n en Venezuela. En 2021, se **MUJERES, NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES:**\ncometieron **266 homicidios** en el Norte de Santander, Constituyendo el 40% de la poblaci\u00f3n afectada, las mujeres y\nincluyendo una **masacre de 5 j\u00f3venes** entre los 19 y 25 a\u00f1os. las ni\u00f1as siguen vi\u00e9ndose profundamente afectadas por la crisis.\n\nEn 2021 se registraron **12 feminicidios** **[1]** **en Tib\u00fa, lo que**\n\nSeg\u00fan la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo a trav\u00e9s de su Sistema de **gener\u00f3 m\u00e1s de 150 mujeres desplazadas de este municipio** .\nAlertas Tempranas, se han identificado riesgos en 24 de los Las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as siguen siendo las m\u00e1s expuestas a la\nmunicipios del departamento (60%), documentando riesgos explotaci\u00f3n sexual y a la trata de personas. Se ha evidenciado\ninminentes y recurrentes para las poblaciones, advirtiendo el aumento de **Violencias Basadas en G\u00e9nero, violencia**\nvulnerabilidades y haciendo recomendaciones en materia de **intrafamiliar y trata de personas** con impactos en la poblaci\u00f3n\nprevenci\u00f3n a estos riesgos y protecci\u00f3n de derechos. En los migrante y refugiada proveniente de Venezuela y v\u00edctimas del\nmapas puede verse la evoluci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n del conflicto armado.\ndepartamento entre 2019 y 2021, con un claro aumento de los\nmunicipios con riesgos estructurales y con riesgos inminentes. Los ni\u00f1os, j\u00f3venes y adolescentes son un grupo poblacional que\n\ncorre un riesgo especialmente alto de ser v\u00edctima de utilizaci\u00f3n,\n\nsubregistro es alto y no se cuenta con cifras espec\u00edficas dado el\ntemor de las familias de declarar los hechos, incluyendo el\nmiedo a represalias y el riesgo del reclutamiento de sus hijos e\nhijas.\n\nLas personas provenientes de Venezuela constituyen un grupo\nde riesgo igualmente elevado, con unas **1.000 v\u00edctimas**\n**identificadas en 2021** . Los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y j\u00f3venes\nvenezolanos, aquellos que incluso pueden estar separados o no\nacompa\u00f1ados, tambi\u00e9n corren un mayor riesgo de ser\nreclutados por grupos armados ilegales. Personas de\nnacionalidad venezolana se han desplazado internamente para\nevitar el reclutamiento de sus hijos e hijas, pero por lo general\n**Alertas Tempranas**\n\n\n\n\n\nEstructurales Inminencia\n\n\n1 Asesinato de una mujer por su condici\u00f3n de mujer o por motivos de su identidad\nde g\u00e9nero (Ley 1761 de 2015).\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\nno realizan una declaraci\u00f3n toda vez que desconocen el marco\nde protecci\u00f3n como v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado y persisten\ntemores infundados sobre procesos de deportaci\u00f3n.\n\n**RESTRICCIONES A LA MOVILIDAD:**\nSe presentan restricciones a la movilidad impuestas por los\nactores armados ilegales para las comunidades. Incluso, **las**\n**misiones** **humanitarias** **han** **tenido** **que** **elevar** **sus**\n**precauciones en el acceso al territorio dadas las**\n**restricciones existentes** para personas desconocidas en las\nzonas bajo control de actores armados ilegales. En 2021, se han\nregistrado al menos cinco veh\u00edculos de organizaciones\nhumanitarias retenidos por parte de actores armados ilegales.\n\n**PRESENCIA DE CULTIVOS DE USO IL\u00cdCITO.**\nEn 2020, se identificaron **142 mil hect\u00e1reas de coca en**\n**Colombia.** El departamento de Norte de Santander ocupa el\nprimer lugar en la lista de departamentos con m\u00e1s hect\u00e1reas de\ncoca sembradas a trav\u00e9s del pa\u00eds (28%, 40.084 hect\u00e1reas) [2] .\n\nDe las cerca de 141 mil hect\u00e1reas con suelos productivos del\ndepartamento de Norte de Santander, el 28% se encuentran\nutilizadas por cultivos de coca, encontr\u00e1ndose el 48% en el\nmunicipio de Tib\u00fa, seguido por El Tarra (15%), Sardinata (11%)\ny Teorama (11%).\n\n\n2 SIDCO: Sistema de informaci\u00f3n de Drogas de Colombia. Observatorio de Drogas\nde Colombia (O.D.C).\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\nAl analizar el comportamiento trav\u00e9s de tiempo, se evidencia un\nincremento notable de las hect\u00e1reas de coca en el\ndepartamento. De 11 mil hect\u00e1reas en 2015, se pas\u00f3 a 40 mil\nhect\u00e1reas en 2020, correspondiendo a un aumento de cerca del\n250% en 5 a\u00f1os.\n\n\n**Hect\u00e1reas de coca | Norte de Santander, 2011 - 2020**\n\n\n50.000\n\n\n40.000\n\n\n30.000\n\n\n20.000\n\n\n10.000\n\n\n0\n\n**2011** **2012** **2013** **2014** **2015** **2016** **2017** **2018** **2019** **2020**\n\n\n**INFRASTRUCTURA Y SERVICIOS B\u00c1SICOS (INCL. EFECTOS**\n**DEL COVID-19):**\nLas infraestructuras y los servicios b\u00e1sicos siguen\nencontr\u00e1ndose bajo ataque. El oleoducto Ca\u00f1o Lim\u00f3n Cove\u00f1as,\nla infraestructura de hidrocarburos m\u00e1s importante del pa\u00eds, fue\natacado **8 veces este a\u00f1o.** Durante este periodo tambi\u00e9n se\nregistraron **30 ataques a infraestructuras militares, incluido**\n**un hostigamiento al helic\u00f3ptero donde era transportado el**\n**presidente de la Rep\u00fablica.**\n\n\n[3 Cobertura vacunaci\u00f3n contra Covid-19, Ministerio de Salud. Colombia](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNThmZTJmZWYtOWFhMy00OGE1LWFiNDAtMTJmYjM0NDA5NGY2IiwidCI6ImJmYjdlMTNhLTdmYjctNDAxNi04MzBjLWQzNzE2ZThkZDhiOCJ9)\n\n\n\nEn 2021, se registraron tambi\u00e9n **40 ataques a misiones**\n**m\u00e9dicas** . El COVID-19 sigue siendo una preocupaci\u00f3n, con solo\nel 32.6% de la poblaci\u00f3n habiendo recibido el esquema\ncompleto de vacunaci\u00f3n a fecha de noviembre 2021. [3] En\ngeneral, se observa un aumento de la pobreza multidimensional\ny **un deterioro de los indicadores socioecon\u00f3micos** como\nconsecuencia de la emergencia sanitaria provocada por el\nCOVID-19.\n\nLa doble afectaci\u00f3n por las frecuentes emergencias\nocasionados por el conflicto armado, unido a las medidas\nCOVID-19 (virtualidad, teleeducaci\u00f3n) en curso, ha generado\nmayores limitaciones en el **acceso al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n** y\nha elevado el riesgo de uso y utilizaci\u00f3n para ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as,\nadolescentes y j\u00f3venes en el territorio.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\n**3.** **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n### **RIESGO 1: Reclutamiento forzado**\n\nEn Norte de Santander, un riesgo directamente relacionado con\nla presencia de los grupos armados es la amenaza generada por\n**el reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, j\u00f3venes y**\n**adolescentes** para diversos fines. Esto se observa\nespecialmente en las zonas rurales y en los municipios\nfronterizos con Venezuela. Este reclutamiento dirigido a ni\u00f1os\nen edad escolar utiliza entre otros medios drogas y alcohol para\nla vinculaci\u00f3n. Son especialmente vulnerables: 1) los ni\u00f1os y\nni\u00f1as fuera del sistema escolar (situaci\u00f3n profundizada en\npandemia por COVID 19), 2) LOS ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as venezolanas\nseparadas o no acompa\u00f1adas, y 3) las ni\u00f1as que son reclutadas\npara el abuso sexual y cuyas familias no suelen denunciar estos\ndelitos por temor a represalias.\n\nLas capacidades para reducir y prevenir estos riesgos desde una\nperspectiva comunitaria o humanitaria son innegablemente\nlimitadas. Estos factores llevan a menudo a las familias a\nproteger a sus hijos e hijas mediante el desplazamiento forzado\ninterno, configurando una de las principales causas de huida de\nlas comunidades en el territorio.\n\n\n### **RIESGO 2: Amenazas a la vida e integridad f\u00edsica** **relacionadas con el conflicto armado**\n\nLa presencia de grupos armados en la zona con control sobre\nel acontecer diario de los ciudadanos vulnera la autonom\u00eda de\nlas comunidades. En este sentido, el ejercicio de la participaci\u00f3n\nciudadana, el liderazgo social, la defensa de los DDHH, la\npromoci\u00f3n de procesos organizativos al igual que el disenso al\ncontrol irregular ejercido, se convierten en ejercicios de alto\nriesgo para las personas, **aumentando el riesgo contra su**\n**integridad f\u00edsica, incluyendo la p\u00e9rdida de la vida** . Esto se ve\nacentuado por la limitada presencia estatal en la zona y el\nlimitado alcance de la acci\u00f3n judicial sobre los responsables.\nEsto lleva a una cultura del silencio en torno a las amenazas a la\npoblaci\u00f3n por miedo a las represalias, incluida la muerte.\n\nLas capacidades para responder a estos riesgos son de nuevo\nlimitadas para el personal humanitario, debido al acceso\nrestringido a los territorios afectados. La capacidad humanitaria\npara acompa\u00f1ar estos procesos es d\u00e9bil, sobre todo a nivel de\ngesti\u00f3n de riesgos.\n\n### **RIESGO 3: Desplazamiento forzado interno**\n\nEl departamento de Norte de Santander tiene al menos\n1.346.806 habitantes (DANE - 2018), con una composici\u00f3n 75%\nurbana y 25% rural. De esta poblaci\u00f3n y seg\u00fan la m\u00e1s reciente\nactualizaci\u00f3n de la Unidad de Victimas (31 de octubre de 2021),\ncerca de 362.771 son v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado interno con\nuna afectaci\u00f3n proporcionalmente mayor en zona rural,\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\nespecialmente la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo. Tal como ocurre a nivel\nnacional, el hecho victimizante m\u00e1s visible es el desplazamiento\nforzado interno con cerca de 85.000 v\u00edctimas, seguido por el\nconfinamiento con cerca de 25.000 personas. No obstante,\ndelitos contra la libertad sexual, afectaciones por MAP/MSE,\namenazas, y homicidios selectivos generan impactos\nconsiderables en la vida de las comunidades por los efectos en\ncontrol territorial, intimidaci\u00f3n y amenaza que producen.\n\nLa persistencia del desplazamiento forzado individual o gota a\ngota en Norte de Santander debe ser entendido como una\nconsecuencia de la continuidad de la confrontaci\u00f3n territorial\nentre actores armados ilegales.\n\nNo obstante, se advierten hegemon\u00edas en el control ejercido\npor actores armados ilegales, que a su vez explican las razones\npor las cuales el confinamiento y las restricciones de movilidad\nhan aumentado su incidencia en los \u00faltimos dos a\u00f1os en la\nregi\u00f3n a diferencia de eventos de desplazamiento masivo.\nComo presentado en este an\u00e1lisis, las principales causas\nobedecen a las amenazas, homicidios selectivos contra l\u00edderes\ny lideresas sociales, incluidos feminicidios, **as\u00ed como el evitar**\n**que ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y j\u00f3venes sean utilizados y**\n**reclutados por parte de actores armados ilegales** .\n\n\n\n**4.** **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\n**An\u00e1lisis**\n1. El Cl\u00faster Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n debe de realizar de forma\ninmediata un an\u00e1lisis interno del contexto humanitario de\nprotecci\u00f3n en el departamento, en especial acerca de las\ndin\u00e1micas de desplazamiento en los municipios m\u00e1s afectados.\nLa producci\u00f3n de este an\u00e1lisis permitir\u00e1 al equipo del Grupo\nTem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n (GTP) y a socios operacionales del R4V\nen Colombia (Grupo Interagencial de Flujos Migratorios Mixtos\n-GIFMM) obtener una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de las din\u00e1micas\nactuales en el Norte de Santander y c\u00f3mo definir sus\noperaciones y respuesta enfocadas hacia el conflicto interno en\nColombia y ante el flujo migratorio de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana. La\nproducci\u00f3n de este an\u00e1lisis estar\u00e1 liderada por el Cl\u00faster\nNacional de Protecci\u00f3n e incluir\u00e1 un an\u00e1lisis de conflicto\nsiguiendo la metodolog\u00eda \u201cConflict sensitivity an\u00e1lisis\u201d.\n\n2. Continuar la regularidad en el trabajo de an\u00e1lisis de\nprotecci\u00f3n del Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n en Norte de\nSantander, involucrando a las organizaciones de la sociedad\ncivil, ONGs internacionales y nacionales, agencias ONU, as\u00ed\ncomo a las redes regionales de Personer\u00edas y Ministerio P\u00fablico,\nasociaciones de v\u00edctimas, y asociaciones campesinas junto a\nredes de l\u00edderes comunitarios.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n: Norte de Santander, Colombia - Diciembre 2021\n\n\n\n**Enfoque basado en \u00c1rea (Area-based Approach)**\n1. Continuar y fortalecer el an\u00e1lisis basado en un enfoque de\n\u00e1rea en el departamento. El enfoque de \u00e1rea permitir\u00e1 un mejor\nan\u00e1lisis del contexto y una priorizaci\u00f3n de acciones de\nrespuesta creando a su vez positivas sinergias entre las actuales\nestructuras de coordinaci\u00f3n vigentes en el territorio (Cl\u00faster y\nGIFMM). El an\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n liderado por el Cl\u00faster deber\u00e1\nincluir como l\u00ednea de base la consulta participativa comunitaria,\nespecialmente a la hora de la identificaci\u00f3n y definici\u00f3n de\nprioridades de la respuesta de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n2. Posicionar al Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n como la entidad\nclave para los actores humanitarios a la hora de asesorar la\nsituaci\u00f3n de acceso humanitario en los municipios m\u00e1s\nafectados por la crisis, as\u00ed como el principal asesor en la\ndefinici\u00f3n de opciones y alternativas ante nuevos retos y\ncambios en las condiciones de acceso humanitario. La\nexperiencia y profundo conocimiento del territorio del\ndepartamento por parte de los socios integrantes del GTP debe\nde ser resaltado y reconocido por la totalidad de la comunidad\nhumanitaria con presencia operativa en el Norte de Santander.\n\n3. Promover acciones de protecci\u00f3n por presencia y Proyectos\nPr\u00e1cticos de Protecci\u00f3n (PPPs) a trav\u00e9s de iniciativas de\nmejoramiento de condiciones de vida de las v\u00edctimas y/o de las\npersonas en riesgo que permitan el fortalecimiento de redes\nlocales de protecci\u00f3n en los territorios m\u00e1s afectados por el\nconflicto. Para ello,, se recomienda el intercambio de\nexperiencias positivas y lecciones aprendidas entre todos los\nGrupos Tem\u00e1ticos de Protecci\u00f3n activos en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\n\n**Acciones de incidencia hacia la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica**\n1. Promover la implementaci\u00f3n de la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de\natenci\u00f3n integral a v\u00edctimas y favorecer la presencia de\ninstituciones de orden civil del Estado colombiano en los\nterritorios en riesgo.\n\n2. Acompa\u00f1ar la implementaci\u00f3n de los acuerdos de Paz, en\ndonde se tenga en cuenta la necesidad de recuperar la\nconfianza de las comunidades en el Estado colombiano.\n\n3. Revisar el impacto de iniciativas como Catatumbo Sostenible,\ny/o Zonas Futuro como esquemas de priorizaci\u00f3n estatal para\nla protecci\u00f3n de derechos humanos.\n\n4. Hacer eco de las recomendaciones de la Defensor\u00eda del\nPueblo en funci\u00f3n de favorecer acciones preventivas oportunas,\nprocesos de atenci\u00f3n de emergencia bajo garant\u00eda de derechos\ny generar condiciones para la construcci\u00f3n de soluciones y la\ngarant\u00eda de no repetici\u00f3n en el territorio.\n\n5. Priorizar estrategias de difusi\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n en principios\nhumanitarios y Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH) que\ncaracterizan la labor de las organizaciones en el territorio\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e927a7a2-66af-3086-ae39-a6c0418345a7/PAU-Norte-de-Santander_Dic-2021-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_519/raw/doc_519_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_519/raw/doc_519_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 212348142f3f6faf376e37aeeeba2daedec562d7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_519/raw/doc_519_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,462 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **January- March, 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\nThe Protection Cluster in South Sudan with support of the Global\nProtection Cluster is presenting the Protection Analysis Update (PAU),\nwhich is intended to be a regular quarterly document. It follows a\nprocess, initiated by the Global Protection Cluster, being a part of the\nglobal Protection Analytical Framework (PAF), endorsed in April 2021.\nThe objective of this report is to present an analysis of the protection\nsituation in South Sudan in the first quarter of 2022, providing a\nsnapshot of factors and situations, affecting the protection situation in\nSouth Sudan. It acknowledges the role of the Revitalized Peace\nAgreement and an earlier 2017 cessation of hostilities agreement in deescalation of large-scale political violence and bringing most parties to\nthe conflict into dialogue thus creating relative conditions for\nhumanitarian, peace, and development actors to assist the people of\nSouth Sudan.\n\n\nRecent conflicts in Tambura, Abyei, Unity State and other areas coupled\nwith climatic shocks such as the unprecedented flooding in Unity,\nJonglei and Upper Nile states as well as the economic shocks resulting\nfrom Covid-19 have only served to reverse many of these gains and\nhampered efforts by humanitarian actors. However, successive analyses\nand reports continue to highlight intercommunal violence rising sharply\nover the past year and, in many cases, has been directly fuelled by\nnational political actors as an extension of political tensions and\ndisputes.\n\n\nConcerns on serious human rights violations committed against civilian\npopulations, including unlawful killings, attacks on civilians, gender and\nconflict-related sexual violence, limited access to basic services, and\ndestruction/looting of humanitarian and civilian infrastructure, as\nwitnessed in Unity state and the Abyei Administrative Area, continue to\nput in peril the safety, security, and livelihoods of displaced people. This\n\n\n\nnotwithstanding, recent affirmations by national authorities on their\ncommitment to the full implementation of the Revitalized Agreement\n\n\n_Protection actors working in the country estimate the severity of protection needs to be_\n_Extreme in nearly a quarter of the South Sudan Counties with over a half having severe_\n_needs and being vulnerable to further shocks._\n\n\nfor the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS) portends an\nopportunity for positive developments and institutional strengthening\nahead of the planned 2023 national elections.\n\n\nMethodology\n\n\nThis analysis has been developed by the Global Protection Cluster. The\nSouth Sudan Protection Cluster conducted a collaborative and\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "consultative process involving desk review of data and reports from\nvarious sources, such as Protection Monitoring reports, updates from\nchild protection, GBV, mine action partners, as well as OHCHR reports,\nUNSC Resolutions, and Inter-agency multi-sectoral reports. Other\nsources are: UNMISS, OCHA Situation Reports, HNO/HRP, Famine Early\nWarning Systems data, UN Human Rights Council reports, World Bank\u2019s\nSouth Sudan Economic Monitor report and IGAD\u2019s ACAPS reports.\n\n\nLimitations\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster set a challenging aim, introducing the PAU in\nSouth Sudan, as it\u2019s an extremely difficult task to identify the full scope\nand impact of protection risks, due to the challenges in conducting\nregular protection assessments. Access restrictions, insecurity, and\nrapidly changing protection dynamics hinder the capacity of human\nrights and humanitarian actors to fully monitor all risks and incidents.\nThus, this report may not capture all the most recent events and trends\nin the first quarter of 2022.\n\n#### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\n\nSouth Sudan\u2019s operational context remains challenging, with at least\none-third of its population unable to return to their homes, in one of the\nlargest displacement and humanitarian crises compounded by floods,\ncycles of violence, and the slow implementation of peace. [1]\n\n\nWhereas the R-ARCSS executed by parties to the conflict has resulted in\na relative reduction of widespread conflict as well as a civil war that\nbegan in 2013 its slow implementation and attendant impediments\n\n\n1 [https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2022/1/11/do-not-forget-aiding-and-](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2022/1/11/do-not-forget-aiding-and-protecting-civilians-in-south-sudan)\n[protecting-civilians-in-south-sudan](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2022/1/11/do-not-forget-aiding-and-protecting-civilians-in-south-sudan)\n2 The R-ARCSS agreement was signed between the government side - the Transitional Government\nof National Unity (TGoNU), the main opposition (South Sudanese People\u2019s Liberation\nMovement/Army-In Opposition \u2013 SPLM/A-IO), the South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA),\nFormer Detainees (FD), and Other Opposition Parties (OPP)\n\n\n\ncoupled with unprecedented floods and cycles of violence in several\nstates have exacerbated political tensions and humanitarian needs. [ 2]\n\n\nNationally, the absence of attractive alternatives and the benefits of\nprojecting an outward commitment to peace has preserved the peace\nagreement and created some space for incremental progress. [ 3] The\nTransitional National Legislative Assembly was reconstituted in\nSeptember 2021; the Public Financial Management Oversight\nCommittee has brought some transparency to opaque public finances,\nand the training of some forces has been completed in anticipation of a\nunified national army.\n\n\nThe Peace agreement which came into effect on the 22nd of February\n2020 with the establishment of the Revitalised Transitional Government\nof National Unity (RTGoNU) has been noted in the Final Report of the\nPanel of Experts on South Sudan, as \u201crather than breaking the violent\ncycle of elite political bargaining in South Sudan, has become part of it\nwith almost every component of the peace agreement now hostage to\nthe political calculations of the country\u2019s military and security elites,\nwho use a combination of violence, misappropriated public resources\nand patronage to pursue their narrow interests\u201d. [4] Progress made in\nimplementing the R-ARCSS has been noted by the UN Panel of Experts\nas \u201clargely procedural and bureaucratic.\u201d [5]\n\n\nThe threat of the peace process unravelling constantly looms since the\nsigning off of the peace agreement, and the general environment is\ncharacterized by increasing intercommunal violence and attacks as\nrecently witnessed in the Abyei Administrative Area (AAA), Unity State,\nUpper Nile as well as in Tambura in 2021 where at least 440 civilians\n\n\n3 ibid.\n4 Final report of the Panel of Experts on South Sudan submitted pursuant to resolution 2577\n(2021)\n5 ibid.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9829379916191101, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8128239512443542, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OHCHR reports", - "confidence": 0.5504117608070374, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7140174508094788, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6048872470855713, - "start": 99, - "end": 101 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9200097918510437, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.604863166809082, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9635180830955505, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6451767683029175, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were killed, 18 injured, and 74 abducted during clashes between warring\ngroups. [6] A decade-long accruing of grievances after years of civil war\nintensified tensions among ethnic groups which, in a governance\napparatus with weak control on local areas, are unpredictable and prone\nto quick escalations. The UN peacekeeping mission in the country\n(UNMISS), recently renewed for another year, has changed its approach\nto increasing security challenges. [ 7] Large-scale camps meant to protect\ncivilians have been replaced with a more flexible response, starting with\nscaling back personnel in fall 2020.\n\n\nYears of conflict have generated a cycle of displacement, which\ncontributes to fuelling local tensions and disputes. Approximately 2\nmillion people are internally displaced (including 37,000 in PoC sites [8] ),\n1.78 million are returnees [9] and 507.000 are spontaneous refugee\nreturnees [10] . In addition, South Sudan hosts an estimated 336,000\nrefugees (mainly from the Republic of Sudan) and 4,360 asylum-seekers\n(mainly from Eritrea, Burundi, and Ethiopia) [11]\n\n\nNotwithstanding these challenges, the recent agreement between\nPresident Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar, on the creation of\na unified armed forces command is envisaged to positively contribute to\na stabilization of the political landscape ahead of the elections planned\nin 2023. However, the fragmentation of opposition groups, combined\nwith persistent ceasefire violations and widespread subnational\nviolence, continues to undermine the core tenets of the peace\nagreement and may undermine efforts to address food insecurity,\ndisplacement, vulnerability to climate shocks, and lack of services and\nviolence.\n\n\n6 [https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/attacks-civilians-tambura-county-june-september-2021](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/attacks-civilians-tambura-county-june-september-2021)\n7 The Security Council adopted the resolution 2625 (2022), deciding that _\u201cUNMISS\u2019s mandate is designed to_\n_advance the three-year strategic vision defined in resolution 2567 (2021) to prevent a return to civil war in South_\n_Sudan, to build durable peace at the local and national levels, and to support inclusive and accountable_\n_governance and free, fair, and peaceful elections in accordance with the Revitalised Agreement;\u201d_\n8 As of September 2021\n\n\n##### Instability and insecurity fuelled by ethnic rivalries\n\nIn South Sudan, instability fuelled by ethnic and inter-communal rivalries\ncontinues to be recorded. As noted by the UNSC, \u201cfragmentation of\nnational security and elite political competition has created fertile\nground for intense subnational violence across much of the interior of\nSouth Sudan, including in Jonglei, Warrap, Western Equatoria and Unity\nStates. While often framed as intercommunal and criminal, much of the\nviolence was shaped by political contests at the local and national\nlevels.\u201d Even though their historic rivalry has shaped the political\nlandscape, the interrelation amongst communities with the wide variety\nof other ethnic and linguistic groups and traditions in the countries is\nwhat fuels intercommunal and inter-tribal tensions and conflicts at the\nlevel of communities. Similarly, tensions over political representation\nand land rights between elite members of various communities\ncontinue to play out through sporadic violence and abuses.\n\n\nAgro-pastoralism remains the main livelihood system in rural areas of\nthe country, involving both livestock rearing and crop production, a\nhousehold\u2019s financial capital is held in the form of livestock. Moreover,\ntraditional social support systems in South Sudan are based on livestock\n\n\n9 DTM Round 11\n10 UNHCR and GoSS, January 2022\n\n11 UNHCR an Sudan is difficult to quantify but has huge significance in\ncommunities facing crises such as protracted conflict and market failures. [11] d\nGoSS, March 2022\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "transactions. In particular, the use of livestock as bride wealth creates\nsocial networks, with reciprocal assistance in times of hardship.\n\n\nWhereas agro-pastoralism from a mainstream economic perspective is\nassociated with the ownership of at least three Tropical Livestock Units\n(TLU) per capita, equivalent to about four cattle or 30 sheep or goats\nper person, South Sudan\u2019s Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring\nindicators assess the average livestock ownership in South Sudan in the\nrecent past at only to 0.87 TLUs per capita. This low level of livestock\nownership is broadly consistent with the recent categorization of 6.83\nmillion people (55% of the population) in South Sudan as severely food\ninsecure (Integrated Phase Classification 3, 4 and 5). An estimated\n55,000 people were classified in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) in Fangak,\nCanal Pigi, and Uror counties in Jonglei State; Pibor County in Greater\nPibor Administration Area; Tambura County in Western Equatoria State;\nand Leer and Mayendit counties in Unity State. [12]\n\n\nThe cattle culture mixes with traditional rivalries, exposing families to\nthe most direct forms of daily and continuous violence. Raiding cattle,\nburning villages and shelters, kidnapping children for recruitment and\ngirls for forced marriages, are some of the most common hallmarks of\ninter-tribal violence. Consequently, endemic cattle raiding creates\ndynamics that are easily cooped by the military and political objectives\nand quickly mobilise along ethnic lines significantly exacerbating the\npolitical conflict and posing threats to civilian wellbeing. [13] Fighting\nfactions (both signatories and non-signatories of the peace agreement)\nat the state and county levels recur and lead to forced recruitment,\nincluding the recruitment of children - a gross human rights violation\nagainst civilians and further runs counter to the parties\u2019 commitments\nunder Article 2.1.8. of the R-ARCSS.\n\n\n12 [https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1155527/?iso3=SSD](https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1155527/?iso3=SSD)\n\n\n##### Weak national infrastructure, governance, and systems to cope with the impact of natural hazards and multi covariate shocks. The prominence of local leaders and dynamics challenge structural responses\n\nUpon the 2011 independence, the hopes of South Sudan state-building\nwere tied to oil revenues. However, the fall of oil prices in 2013 and the\ndeflation of the South Sudanese pound compounded by climateinduced shocks, disrupted these hopes and brought an upsurge of war\nand conflict. This, in turn, led to a reduction in confidence of external\n\n\n13 Wild et al. Journal of International Humanitarian Action (2018) 3:2\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "parties, further draining the necessary support to build a functional and\npeaceful society. In recent months, the armed attack of the Russian\nFederation on Ukraine has resulted in an international crisis which is\ncurrently at the centre of international community aid and political\nefforts; the spill-over effects of the crisis (e.g. reduction of wheat\nexports from the Black Sea basin) together with the reduction of political\nand negotiation space for other crisis, may have negative effects in\nterms of funding and resources to South Sudan.\n\n\nWith approximately 80% of the total population living in rural areas and\nmost resources (human and financial) concentrated around the capital\nJuba, the challenges to building viable local government services are\ninsurmountable. [ 14] The lack of (and misappropriation of existing)\neconomic and financial resources exacerbates these structural barriers\nand renders local government unable to ensure access to services and\nprovide security and safety. According to the Corruption Perception\nIndex, South Sudan ranks last among 180 countries monitored and its\npublic sector is perceived as highly corrupt [15] .\n\n\nGovernment expenditure on health services amounts to only 6.04% of\nthe GDP. [16 ] An estimated 43% of counties have one primary healthcare\ncentre per 15,000 people while 30% of counties have one primary\nhealthcare centre per 50,000 people. Similarly, 1,095 schools remain\ndamaged due to flooding or conflict, resulting in insufficient and\ninadequate facilities. The value of the damage caused directly by the\nfloods is estimated at US$ 671 million, according to an analysis based on\na World Bank Global Rapid Post Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE).\nThe most severely impacted states in terms of damages are Jonglei (US$\n\n\n14 HNO, 2022\n[15 Additional information here](https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021/index/ssd) (Accessed in May 2022)\n16 [World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (apps.who.int/nha/database](http://apps.who.int/nha/database) ).\nThe data was retrieved on January 30, 2022.Level of current health expenditure expressed as a\npercentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and\n\n\n\n256.4 million) and Unity (US$ 117.8 million), which together account for\nmore than half of total damages, followed by Warrap (US$ 94.2 million)\nand Upper Nile (US$ 64.8 million).\n\n\nThe effects of the lack of availability and accessibility of services are\ncompounded by the overall inability of the population to afford related\ncosts. Around 82% of the population is poor [17] . Livelihoods are seriously\ndeteriorated by conflict and climate shocks that could further lead to\nincreased tensions between farmers and pastoralists. [18] It is also\nestimated that floods killed or displaced more than four million livestock\n(cattle, sheep, goats). Infrastructure-related damages are estimated to\nstand at US$ 125.4, or 18.7 per cent of the total. In total, 3,464 km of\nprimary, secondary, and tertiary roads were affected by floods, severely\ndisrupting accessibility, connectivity, and the delivery of much needed\nhumanitarian aid to flood-affected areas. Seventy health facilities have\nbeen affected by the floods, with 20 storage facilities reportedly\ndamaged. In addition, extensive flood damage has been reported to\nwater, sanitation, and hygiene-related community infrastructure,\nincluding boreholes and water points\n\n\nThe delivery of social services and infrastructure has been affected by\nthese concurrent shocks, resulting in extremely low levels of access,\nparticularly outside urban areas. With IDPs among the most severely\naffected, a large proportion of people in this group do not have\nadequate access to safe water and sanitation infrastructure and face\n\n\nservices consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures\nsuch as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks. For more\nvisualization see generally;\n[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=SS&name_desc=true](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=SS&name_desc=true)\n17 Based on the $1.90 purchasing power parity poverty line, World Bank, 2022\n18 [ICPA, Seasonal forecast, March to May 2022](https://www.icpac.net/documents/517/GHACOF_60_Summary_for_Decision_Makers_j8LSaG1.pdf)\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Corruption Perception\nIndex", - "confidence": 0.9992062449455261, - "start": 172, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.989987313747406, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Bank Global Rapid Post Disaster Damage Estimation", - "confidence": 0.7016143798828125, - "start": 294, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GRADE", - "confidence": 0.6301542520523071, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.9007992148399353, - "start": 294, - "end": 296 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.52969890832901, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6778547167778015, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "barriers in accessing healthcare services. Food insecurity is particularly\nhigh among IDP populations, with only 17 % of households in the Juba\nIDP facilities and 40% in Bentiu recording an acceptable food\nconsumption score. In the Greater Pibor Administrative Area, the\nviolence has destroyed critical infrastructure, including boreholes (often\nthe only source of water), schools, markets, and shelters, and the loss of\nlivestock as a result of raiding. These developments have negatively\nimpacted livelihoods and jobs and resulted in sustained high levels of\nhousehold vulnerability. [19]\n\n\nA significant proportion of IDPs do not have adequate access to safe\nwater and sanitation infrastructure and healthcare services, with a high\nlevel of food insecurity. For example, in Bentiu IDP Camp, only 20 per\ncent of households have access to safe and timely water supply; while\nnearly one of the households in Juba IDP camp (49%) must travel for\nmore than one hour to collect water. While access to healthcare services\nis high across IDP sites, the limited availability of medicines and\ndiscrimination have been cited as significant constraints on healthcare\nservice delivery among the IDP population. [20] Nationwide infrastructure\nand communication are poor, despite a budget allocation equivalent to\n10.3% of GDP (SSP 230.4 billion) in the 2021-22 fiscal years. River\ntransport on the White Nile, particularly between the ports of Juba, Bor\nand Malakal, is the main communication and trade channel. The\nremaining road network is among the least developed worldwide, with\nan estimated 2% of the around 17.000 km of network paved. The\nmajority of roads are inaccessible during the rainy season, and almost\nall the major long-distance trade routes are subject to predation, in the\nform of checkpoints, taxes and attacks.\n\n\nBetween 2020 and 2021, 319 checkpoints, of which 253 (79%)\nroadblocks and 66 (21%) river checkpoints, have been mapped by IPIS.\n\n\n19 World Bank. 2022. South Sudan Economic Monitor: Towards a Jobs Agenda. Fifth Edition,\nFebruary 2022. World Bank.\n\n\n\nMost of the checkpoints along overland routes are controlled by the\ngovernment and civil authorities, while more than half of the river\nroutes are controlled by the SPLM-IO. The number of checkpoints has\n\n\nnearly doubled while checkpoint taxes have increased 300% since 2011,\nmaking it among the most expensive and insecure transport in the\nworld. A barge between Bor and Renk could pass up to 33 checkpoints\nand pay up to 10.000 USD, while a truck between Juba and Bentiu could\npass up to 80 checkpoints and pay up to 3.000 USD [21] .\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, local community leaders are the only decisionmakers in the majority of the country. They are major players both in\nensuring security and safety and in the power-sharing balance amongst\nthe major ethnic and political factions.\n\n\n20 Ibid, at 20\n\n21 IPIS, 2022\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Situation of women and girls is impacted by a multitude of normative, demographic, cultural and conflict-related factors.\n\nThe situation of women and girls in South Sudan is daunting: conflictrelated sexual violence is widespread and systematic and it is seen as a\nform to disrupt the fabric of communities, lack of accountability is\nexacerbated by the ongoing conflict while the erosion of socio-economic\nconditions plunges women and girls to resort to harmful practices,\ncultural and ethnic norms, including the kidnapping of young girls for\nearly marriage, intimate partner violence (an estimated 51% of women\nand girls [22] ) and the general lack of voice and power of women and girls\nare major drivers of vulnerability. The situation is worsened by the\noverall weakness of the institutions. Acknowledging the progress made\nby the Government in 2020 when it launched a specialized court to deal\nwith sexual and gender-based violence in Juba with support from\ninternational partners, courts in South Sudan are generally chronically\nunder-resourced, as are the police and prosecutors as well as the\nprisons. The absence of effective State judicial infrastructure in most\nparts of the country, and this under-resourcing where institutions are\npresent, in part contribute to human rights concerns within the judicial\nsystem. [23]\n\n\nWhereas South Sudan is a signatory of the Convention on the\nElimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its\nOptional Protocol, the country is yet to ratify, implement and make use\nof regional and normative frameworks on gender equality such as the\nMaputo Protocol. [24] On the same note, South Sudan has not made use\nof various continental and regional instruments and mechanisms such\n\n\n22 HNO, 2022\n23 See A/HRC/40/CRP.1 paras. 961-984 and A/HRC/49/CRP.4 paras 178-184\n24 [https://www.maputoprotocol.up.ac.za/](https://www.maputoprotocol.up.ac.za/)\n\n25 A/HRC/49/CRP.4\n\n\n\nas the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR), the\nSpecial Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa, the ACHPR Study\non Human Rights and Conflict, and the African Union Transitional Justice\nPolicy (AUTJP) [25] .\n\n\nThe decade-long conflict has been having an additional devastating\nimpact on women and girls. On one hand, the conflict has left many\nfemale-headed households (around 80% of the displaced households\nare female-headed [26] ), thereby increasing their general vulnerability to\nthe worst effects of harmful cultural and tribal gender norms. On the\nother, the conflict has been increasing sexual violence, with around 65%\nof women experiencing physical and/or sexual violence in their\nlifetime [27] .\n\n#### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n##### RISK 1: Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings and Attacks on civilian infrastructure\n\n\nThe people of South Sudan continued to be impacted by violence\nthroughout 2021 and during the first quarter of 2022. According to HNO\ndata, at least 1,042 civilians were killed between July 2020 and June\n2021, and according to UNMISS Human Rights Division (HRD), 982\nviolent incidents [28] have affected at least 3,414 civilians (75% men, 14%\nwomen, 11% children) during January and December 2021. Between\nFebruary and the beginning of April 2022, 147 civilians have been\naffected by violent incidents.\n\n\nContinuous insecurity situation, compounded by armed clashes results\nin civilian casualties caused by sub-national violence and community\n\n26 Buchanan, E., 2019. No Simple Solutions: Women, displacement and durable solutions in\nSouth Sudan.\n27 HNO, 2022\n28 _Subjected to one of the four major types of individual harm (killing, injury, abduction and_\n_conflict-related sexual violence),_ HNO 2022.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "based militias. The states of Western and Central Equatoria, Jonglei and\nUnity have recorded the most incidences of conflict. Reports indicate\nthat in Tambura, the recent conflict has displaced more than 90,000\npeople while OCHA reports indicate that an estimated 100,000 people\nhave been affected, including 70,000 displaced, by fighting in the Abyei\nAdministrative Area since inter-communal clashes broke out on 10\nFebruary 2022, with an escalation of incidents in March.\n\n\n29 [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/following-conflict-between-farmers-and-herders-magwi-](https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/following-conflict-between-farmers-and-herders-magwi-unmiss-steps-patrols)\n[unmiss-steps-patrols](https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/following-conflict-between-farmers-and-herders-magwi-unmiss-steps-patrols)\n\n\n\nRandom attacks by armed cattle keepers and cattle raids continue\nunabated and affect both remote areas and main routes, making killing,\ninjury, rape, abduction, looting and destruction of housing and property\nalmost the normality for vulnerable families and communities. Violent\nclashes between farming communities and cattle herders continue, the\nlatest in March 2022 displacing more than 14,000 people. Cattle raiding,\noriginally regulated by cultural authorities, has been militarized and\nweaponized since the 1990s by political elites to advance their interests.\n\n29 Local inter-communal tensions in origin are increasingly becoming\npart of the national conflict dynamics.\n\n\nChildren are often subject to grave child rights violations, being exposed\nto sexual violence, recruitment, hazardous or worst forms of child\nlabour and continuous psychological and physical abuse. In addition,\naccording to UNMAS, an estimated 17.9 km [2] are contaminated by\nExplosive Remnants of War (ERW), including cluster munitions and land\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "mines blocking fertile agricultural land mainly in southern Greater\nEquatoria.\n\n\nInternally displaced people (IDPs) may additionally face a particular risk\nof recruitment. This is due to reduced social protection and coping\nmechanisms, and a lack of economic, educational, or other\nopportunities caused by displacement. Recent incidents demonstrate\nthat forced recruitment continues to be a common practice of armed\nmilitias and groups. Over the past months in Tambura, incidents of\nrecruitment and forced recruitment were reported in several areas,\nlinked to the escalation in attacks against civilians. In January 2022, two\nincidents of forced recruitment were reported in Yei. In Bentiu,\nprotection partners reported forced recruitment of youth in Bentiu IDP\nsites and Rubkona town. Until the Security Arrangements are\nestablished, ongoing forced recruitment and all related abuse and\nviolence will likely continue. The surge in recruitment continues despite\nthe signing of a Comprehensive Action Plan by the Government to put\nan end to the six grave child rights violations. Children separated from\ntheir families are particularly at risk and may be targeted for\nrecruitment. The families of those forced recruitment may face\nprotection risks associated with the recruitment, including reduced\nincome, mental and psychological distress, and reduced social links.\n\n\nAccording to the IOM Mobility Tracking, in November 2021, the total\ndisplaced population of South Sudan was estimated at 2,017,236\nindividuals, while returnees were estimated at 1,782,803 individuals [30],\n28,440 in December alone (HNO 2022). The refugee population\ncontinues to return to South Sudan, even though the overall situation in\nSouth Sudan is not conducive for safe and dignified return (UNHCR\nposition in 2019, supported by the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) in\nAugust 2019 states that mass returns or relocations are not possible due\n\n\n30 This figure represents the cumulative number of returnees since 2018.\n\n\n\nto conflicted and localized violence). Nevertheless, UNHCR and the GoSS\nrecorded a major spike in Spontaneous Refugees Returns in the last\nquarter of 2021 with a sharp decline in January 2022, bringing the total\nrecorded returns in South Sudan to 507,000.\n\n\n_Figure 1 - People's proximity to conflict events, HNO 2022_\n\n\nThe high levels of movement, displacement and secondary\ndisplacement increase the exposure of the civilian population to attacks\nand violence. The probability and frequency of a South Sudanese family\nbeing subject to violence and a wide scale of human rights violations is\nfurtherly increased by the impacts of natural shocks and the combined\nvulnerability and lack of capacities to withstand them. Erratic rainfalls,\nmaking 2021 the third consecutive year of massive flooding, have been\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Mobility Tracking", - "confidence": 0.9944823980331421, - "start": 226, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9980271458625793, - "start": 239, - "end": 241 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8229669332504272, - "start": 274, - "end": 275 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6627084016799927, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced population", - "confidence": 0.6720116138458252, - "start": 236, - "end": 238 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "widely affecting areas that do not count with efficient water\nmanagement approaches and systems such as de-silting or boundary\nclearance.\n\n\nViolence continues to have devastating effects on both livelihood\nresources and social infrastructure, and the access to minimum basic\nservices, such as education, health, WASH, and protection support to\nvictims. Illustratively, children's access to schools is severely limited by\nincidents in and around education facilities, as well as destruction or\noccupation of facilities.\n\n\nContinued attacks on civilians have further exacerbated food insecurity.\nIn the lean season projection period of April to July 2022, an\nestimated 7.74 million people (62.7% of the population) will likely face\nhigh acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above), with 87,000 people\nlikely to be in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) in Fangak, Canal/Pigi and Ayod\ncounties in Jonglei State; Pibor County in Greater Pibor Administrative\nArea; Cueibet and Rumbek North counties in Lakes State; and Leer\nand Mayendit counties in Unity State. During this period, an estimated\n2.9 million people are likely to face Emergency conditions (IPC Phase\n4). [31]\n\n\nIn 2021, 560 schools were damaged due to flooding, 535 due to conflict\nand 1292 schools were closed for unspecified reasons. School closure,\ninaccessibility and spontaneous dropouts increase risks, particularly for\ngirls. Early marriage and pregnancy are reported to increase during\nschool closures.\n\n##### RISK 2: Gender and conflict-related sexual violence, including sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n\nAccording to the GBV IMS in South Sudan, a total of 7550 cases have\nbeen reported in 2021, and more than 2000 cases in the first quarter of\n\n\n31 [https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1155527/?iso3=SSD](https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1155527/?iso3=SSD)\n\n\n\n2022. These numbers are the tip of the iceberg. Conflict-related sexual\nviolence against women and girls is widespread and systematic\nthroughout South Sudan. Ongoing conflict across the country, including\nin the Equatorias, has created a perilous situation of great insecurity for\nwomen and girls, exacerbated by a lack of accountability for sexual and\ngender-based violence.\n\n\nAs noted by the OCHR, widespread rape and sexual violence in armed\nconflict, while complex, can be attributed to a patriarchal society, and is\nreflected in the inferior status of women maintained by the State and its\ninstitutions, creating conditions in which these violations thrive. Sexual\nviolence in South Sudan has been instrumentalized as a \u201creward\u201d and\nentitlement for youth and men participating in the conflict. It serves as\na means of building ethnic solidarity to mete out retribution against\nperceived enemies; the objective being to inflict maximum disruption\nand the destruction of the fabric of communities, including through\ntheir constant displacement. This scourge has had the most profound\nimpact on victims, their families and communities. [32]\n\n\nIncidents occurred in remote areas expose victims of violence or\nsurvivors of sexual assault to little or no access to health services.\nChildren are particularly vulnerable and often exposed to serious risks,\ndue to the compounded erosion of economic and livelihood capacities\nof families, family separation or the killing of the caregiver or both\nparents during the fighting. According to the Child Protection\nInformation Management System (CPIMS+), including Unaccompanied\nand Separated Children (UASC), a total of 30,441 cases have been\nregistered by the end of 2021 (17% increase compared to 2020). During\nthe first quarter of 2022, a total of 2,236 (1,122 girls, 1,114 boys have\nalready been registered including 639 Unaccompanied and Separated\nChildren (309 girls, 330 boys). The risk of sexual exploitation and abuse\nfurther increases, given the generalized recruitment of children in local\n\n\n32 [https://bit.ly/3wmJAXA](https://bit.ly/3wmJAXA)\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "defence armed groups. According to the Country Task Force on\nMonitoring and Reporting (CTFMR), 68 (53 boys, 15 girls) verified cases\nhave been recorded between January and March 2022. This practice\nraises particular concern since forced recruitment continues to be a\ncommon practice of armed militia and groups, as mentioned above.\n\n\nA combination of cultural and tribal gender norms and identities,\ncompounded by combatants' (and communities\u2019) adaptation to violence\nand patterns of aggression, create an environment conducive to\nconflict-related and gender-based violence. The lack of accountability,\ntogether with the weakness of statutory and customary systems both in\nfamily law and access to justice fuel the incessant violent and abusive\npractices affecting specifically women, girls, and children.\n\n\nCustomary systems are perceived to favour the preservation of the\nfamily image, rather than individual rights, and the courts covering\nmarriage, divorce, childcare, and property rights, are mostly mandominated and patriarchal. Some feeble signs of progress have been\nrecorded in 2021, such as the inclusion of women representatives in the\nAbyei Administrative area or the first interactive dialogue with the\nCommittee on the Elimination of the Discrimination Against Women and\nthe launch of the Joint Committee to implement the action plan for the\narmed forces on addressing conflict-related sexual violence.\n\n\nThese moments are however too short in addressing the fast-pacing\nescalation of violence and abuse in all South Sudan states. The UNMISS\nmandate, recently renewed, includes specifically the reporting on\nviolations and abuses against women and children and asks for an\nacceleration of the implementation of new mechanisms.\n\n##### RISK 3: Denial of resources, opportunities, and services.\n\n\n33 HNO 2022\n\n\n\nThe lack or loss of livelihood impacting all South Sudan states\nexacerbates existing protection risks while hindering families and\nindividual capacities to cope with the worst impact of both man-made\nand natural threats and shocks affecting South Sudan.\n\n\nChronic food insecurity and malnutrition, driven by climate shocks and\nasset depletion due to prolonged tensions, conflict and displacement\nare steeply increasing against the backdrop of a structural lack of\nappropriate governmental response, access to services and challenges\nto humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nWarrap, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Jonglei states have been the most\naffected in terms of crop and livestock production. The UN\u2019s Food and\nAgricultural Organization (FAO) indicated that 65,107 hectares of land\nwere damaged, with an estimated loss of 37,624 tonnes of grain in the\nflood-affected areas.\n\n\nThe cultivated area is slowly increasing compared to 2019, but it is still\nfar from pre-conflict levels. Between February and March 2022 55% of\nthe population faced high acute food insecurity (around 6.83 million\npeople), 2.37 of which were in emergency conditions and 55.000 in\ncatastrophic conditions [33] . In Jonglei, Unity, Warrap, Northern Bahr el\nGhazal, Upper Nile, and Lakes states more than half of the population\nhave been food insecure between February and March 2022.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 2 - People's proximity to conflict events, HNO 2022_\n\n\nThe civilian population has no certainty of finding opportunities in their\nlocale and thus resorts to transhumance as a strategy of coping.\nHowever, insecurity, lack of basic services and house, land and property\ndisputes prevent families from freely choosing safe strategies to address\ntheir dramatic situation. About 82% of the population in South Sudan is\npoor [34] . Government expenditures on health, education, water and\nsanitation, and agriculture and rural development are still poor and\npoverty levels are expected to remain extremely high. The nationwide\npoor communication and transportation infrastructure, together with\nthe combination of checkpoints, raids, taxes, and bribes make\n\n\n34 \u201c[...] based on the $1.90 2011 purchasing power parity poverty line\u201d, World Bank, March 2022\n\n\n\nmovement very costly, and insecure and additionally erodes families\u00b4\npoor livelihood and belongings.\n\n\nFamilies may not report forced recruitment incidents to the authorities\nor protection actors, either due to not trusting the officials or because\nof not being aware of the reporting mechanisms. Children previously\nrecruited and released may not be accepted back in their communities.\nChildren who are reintegrated may face stigma and rejection from\nothers. This can create extreme psychological distress and children may\nresort to negative coping mechanisms. Those who refuse the\nrecruitment may be asked for large sums of money and may be further\npersecuted by the groups.\n\n\nState authorities and apparatus are very weak to ensure minimum\nneeds, let alone the general well-being and security of South Sudanese\nfamilies. Humanitarian assistance is at times the sole resource and\nresponse capacity available to families, yet it is constantly challenged\nand impeded. Between January and December 2021, 591 reported\nhumanitarian access incidents were recorded [35], five aid workers lost\ntheir lives while delivering assistance, and 322 were located due to\ninsecurity and incidents.\n\n\n_Figure 3 - South Sudan Access Snapshot OCHA, February 2022_\n\n\nIn February 2022, 33 incidents related to humanitarian access\nconstraints were reported, 13 involving violence against humanitarian\n\n\n35 HNO, 2022\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "personnel and assets (two-thirds of which were in Central Equatoria,\nUpper Nile and Unity states). Eight incidents linked to bureaucratic\nimpediments were reported, including illegal taxation, attempted\nextortion, and denial of access at checkpoints. The Humanitarian\nCoordinator has condemned the continued violence affecting the safety\nof civilians and humanitarian workers on the 16th of February. Thirtyeight incidents related to humanitarian access constraints were\nreported in March 2022, of which 25 involved violence or threats against\nhumanitarian personnel and assets. [36]\n\n\nHumanitarian access is thus seriously compromised, and humanitarian\nassistance is often challenged or impeded. Violence against\nhumanitarian personnel and assets, operational interference,\nwarehouses and facilities targeted, humanitarian supplies looted, thefts,\nincluding from women/girls centres and medical facilities and\nambushes, are constant and increasing as witnessed in the recent\nconflict in Unity state.\n\n\n36 [March Humanitarian Access Snapshot](https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2funocha.us4.list-manage.com%2ftrack%2fclick%3fu%3df2c222dd83de60ecbebe45951%26id%3dbd0c8a0e20%26e%3d27a5f05794&c=E,1,VRcfuojossAibrcjIWVc6N9COwUjhAmMJZSUCM2X0mN_gjIv-puphI-hVvzeO6l-R4D5JlKGJfOG-JSkeEPzIyu4bJXcC1vDyX3gxprbQkAURBcaMA,,&typo=1)\n\n\n\n_Figure 4 - South Sudan Access Snapshot OCHA, February 2022_\n\n\nNotwithstanding the dialogue between the humanitarian leadership,\nthe governmental authorities and the parties to the conflict, this direct\ninterference is denying the often only resource and services to the South\nSudanese civilian population.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "March Humanitarian Access Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.8858395218849182, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8958910703659058, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "South\nSudanese civilian population", - "confidence": 0.9326584339141846, - "start": 207, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4. RESPONSE\n\n##### 4.1 Operation context including access issues\n\nAccording to the 2021 Humanitarian Response in Review, South Sudan\ncontinued to be confronted by a series of interconnected shocks, such\nas conflict, persistent and unprecedented flooding, inflation, and\nCOVID-19, which severely impacted the most vulnerable, particularly\nwomen, children, the elderly, and people with special needs. Insecurity\ndue to conflict and flooding led to increasing internal and cross-border\npopulation movements requiring humanitarian support, further\nstraining already limited resources, livelihoods, and services, and\nexacerbating protection risks. Sub-national violence and conflicts flared,\nresulting in population displacement, looting and destruction of\nproperty, and disruption of services however complicated these efforts\nand created access challenges. More than 8.3 million people needed\nhumanitarian assistance and protection services with ongoing violence\nin Abyei and other states expected to worsen the context.\n\n##### 4.2 Population reached and the response provided\n\n\nIn 2021, 91 Protection Cluster South Sudan members reported*\nreaching IDP, Returnees and Host Community members with 2.1 M\nprotection services. Out of those, 71 agencies and non-governmental\nactors provided support to vulnerable people within the framework of\nHRP and reached an estimated 1.8 M people. Protection awarenessraising activities counted for 45% of services provided by Protection\nCluster members, while some 25% of services targeted individuals to\nmitigate their vulnerabilities. A reported 30% of protection assistances\nwere other specific protection actions, including, for the most part,\ntraining and capacity building services for people of concern or\ncommunal or governmental authorities.\n\n\n##### 4.3 Funding data\n\nIn 2021, within the HRP framework, Protection Cluster South Sudan\nplanned to reach 2.57 million people with protection services with a\nresponse plan of 99 M USD. PC HRP members reached to up to 70% of\ntheir target population (overall, all cluster members, together with\nother funding resources, reached 82% of the HRP target), with HRP\nallocation of 53% of requested funding. It must be noted that, while it\nappears the level of reach (70%) has exceeded the level of funding\n(53%), this is linked to the low unit cost of awareness-raising activities,\ntherefore, the lack of access and funding for more complex (costly)\nactions needs to be factored in and taken into consideration for better\nunderstanding of the overall ratio.\n\n\nSnapshot response plan and appeal 2022\n\n\nResponse plans/appeals trends\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Funding data", - "confidence": 0.9614865779876709, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9486645460128784, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7825145125389099, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9866085052490234, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Snapshot response plan and appeal", - "confidence": 0.5449302792549133, - "start": 460, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.983451247215271, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\nRISK 1: Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings and Attacks on\ncivilian infrastructure\n\n\n - The GoSS to re-establish/strengthen the National Action Plan for\nDisarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) and\nSecurity Sector Reform (SSR). This includes strengthening effective\nmonitoring and reporting mechanisms of breaches of the Armed\nForces Code of Conduct and Discipline and establishing clear\naccountability mechanisms.\n\n\n - Parties to the conflict to allow, following international law,\nincluding applicable international humanitarian law, the rapid, safe\nand unhindered access of relief personnel, equipment and\nsupplies, and timely delivery of humanitarian assistance, to all\nthose in need throughout South Sudan as recommended by the\nUNSC\n\n\n - GoSS to engage with local communities to update them on\nprogress for the establishment of Security Arrangements\nprovisions of the R-ARCSS and to develop two-way feedback\nmechanisms using Age, Gender and Disability (AGD) sensitive\napproaches.\n\n\n - Humanitarian and peacebuilding actors to strengthen protection\nmonitoring, analysis advocacy efforts with the government and\nrelevant groups, highlighting the relevant humanitarian and human\n\n\n\nrights instruments provisions that outlaw forced recruitment and\nrecruitment of children. This includes also reinforcing ceasefire\nmonitoring, verification, and reporting, enabling accountability,\nand ensuring de-escalation.\n\n\n - Humanitarian and peacebuilding actors to support the GoSS in\nestablishing an environment and structures to ensure access to\njustice mechanisms including those community-based.\n\n\n - Child protection actors, in coordination with relevant government\nauthorities, to map and support programs for the prevention of\nrecruitment as well as for the release, demobilization and\nreintegration of children.\n\n\n - Donors and humanitarian leadership to support mine action\npartners (including UNMAS, international and national partners) to\n(i) Undertake assessment missions and to conduct clearance of\nERW as well as react to community reports; (ii) Conduct explosive\nordnance risk education to affected communities, paying specific\nattention to IDPs and returnees (as they may be unfamiliar with the\nterrain) as well as boys and girls as they make up a large percentage\nof victims of ERW-related accidents.\n\n\nRISK 2: Gender and conflict-related sexual violence, including sexual\nexploitation and abuse.\n\n\n - Humanitarian leadership and actors should consider strengthening\ntemporary GBV response teams within IDPs areas and create more\nawareness in communities on child protection and GBV related\nissues at the community level\n\n\n - The GoSS to consider ratifying the Maputo Protocol and take steps\nto implement the recommendations and provisions provided by\nthe African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR),\nthe Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa, the\nACHPR Study on Human Rights and Conflict, and the African Union\nTransitional Justice Policy (AUTJP). In doing so, the Government to\nensure that measures taken to address sexual and gender-based\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violence include special police units and related investigations and\nprosecutions dedicated to sexual and gender-based violence are\nbeing scaled up. Other measures include \u2018provision of fair trial and\ndue process safeguards in court proceedings, including the\nprotection of women victims and witnesses from reprisals before\nthe ordinary courts\u2019 as recommended by CEDAW [37]\n\n\n - The HCT, Protection Cluster and partners to (i) advocate for the\nratification of the Maputo protocol and the recommendations of\ncontinental and regional mechanisms; (ii) consider capacity\nbuilding and structural support to relevant actors (including the\nSpecialized Courts) and authorities.\n\n\nRISK 3: Denial of resources, opportunities and services.\n\n\n - HCT, Protection Cluster, UNMISS and Humanitarian partners to\nstrengthen coordination in protection monitoring to produce a\ntimely and evidence-based analysis of protection risk and violations\nfaced by population concern to inform effective programming and\nadvocacy.\n\n\n - Protection sector and partners to establish systematic Complaint\nResponse Mechanisms (CRM) & Community Based Protection\nNetworks (CBPN) to address protection risks and resulting needs in\nthe IDPs sites.\n\n\n - Donors and the humanitarian leadership should redouble efforts to\nengage State and County authorities t - ensure safety, security and\ndignified conditions of passage through formal and informal\ncheckpoints along terrestrial and river routes as well as the removal\nof bureaucratic and other impediments to access.\n\n\n- The Government of South Sudan and all parties to ongoing conflicts\nto ensure the protection of civilians, including humanitarian staff\nand premises and abide by R-ARCSS\n\n\n37 CEDAW/C/SSD/CO/1, para. 29\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c169dce-da3c-4975-b982-fad5694298f0/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_52/raw/doc_52_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_52/raw/doc_52_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1bd0a8c5fcd5f842ff10a0c8bc8149b7cbd4c278..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_52/raw/doc_52_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PROTECTION BRIEF BULGARIA\n\n### STATELESSNESS AND THE RIGHT TO NATIONALITY APRIL 2025\n\n_Karen Sardaryan born in Georgia of Armenian nationality, has lived in Bulgaria since the age of three, but has been stateless_\n_all his life, which prevents him from studying, working and leading a normal life. Following UNHCR advocacy, in 2017 he_\n_became the first person in Bulgaria to receive official \"stateless person\" status, giving him access to basic rights and the_\n_opportunity for a better future. \u00a9 Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Bulgaria_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This brief examines the current situation related to statelessness and the right to nationality,\nincluding access to identity and travel documents in Bulgaria. Being stateless often results in\nlimited access to fundamental rights such as the right to liberty and movement, education,\nfamily reunification, employment, healthcare and other rights, perpetuating cycles of\nmarginalization and vulnerability. People who face administrative barriers to obtain identity\ndocuments, such as undocumented Roma in Bulgaria, are deprived of civil and social rights that\ncome with nationality, and their children may face a risk of statelessness. Determining the true\nnumber of stateless individuals and those without identity documents in Bulgaria remains\nchallenging, similar to the situation in many other countries in the Balkans. UNHCR estimates\nthat 1,010 stateless people under its mandate remain in Bulgaria, while the 2021 census\nrecorded 539 stateless people and 764 marked as \"nationality not stated.\"\n\n\nVarious government agencies, including the Ministry of the Interior, the State Agency for\nRefugees, the Ministry of Justice, and the President's Office, collect data on statelessness.\nHowever, a lack of centralized data collection and potential overlaps in the data from different\nsources hinder a comprehensive assessment of statelessness in Bulgaria.\n\n## Key Figures\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Bulgaria is a party to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954\nConvention) and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961 Convention),\nand its obligations under these treaties influence both its domestic legal framework and its\ninteraction with European Union (EU) law and international jurisprudence. However, significant\ngaps remain in key areas such as the identification of statelessness, immigration detention,\naccess to regularization mechanisms and the rights of stateless persons.\n\n\nThe Law of Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria regulates the statelessness determination\nprocedure and other residence permits. The Law on Asylum and Refugees regulates the\nprocedure for international protection, through which stateless persons seeking asylum in\nBulgaria can access refugee protection. The Law on Bulgarian Nationality (LBN) and Ordinance\nNo 1 of 19 February 1999 regulate the naturalization procedure (Article 14), the _ius soli_\nprinciple (Article 10), nationality determination of foundlings [1] (Article 11), the revocation or\ndeprivation of nationality when it would render a person stateless (Articles 22 and 24).\n\n\nBulgaria is among the countries establishing a Statelessness Determination Procedure (SDP) in\ncollaboration with UNHCR. [2] The procedure was introduced through amendments to the Law\non Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria (LoF) in December 2016. These amendments provide\nfor the recognition of statelessness status for individuals who are not considered nationals by\nany State under the operation of its law. UNHCR has the right to access the SDP at any stage\nand can be present during applicant interviews.\n\n\nUNHCR, in collaboration with its partner the Foundation to Access Rights (FAR) is conducting\na mapping of statelessness in Bulgaria and has submitted recommendations to Bulgarian\nauthorities on statelessness in the context of the national implementation of the EU Pact on\nMigration and Asylum. These recommendations seek legislative amendments to align national\nlaw with the EU Pact and ensure that stateless persons have access to their rights in line with\ninternational law.\n\n\nUNHCR also cooperates with civil society to prevent statelessness among marginalized and\nundocumented Roma communities. Amendments to the Law on Civil Registration have allowed\nmunicipalities to accept service addresses as permanent address, enabling the registration of\nundocumented Roma, granting them access identity and travel documents. UNHCR\ncollaborates with the Trust for Social Achievement under its Equal Opportunities Initiative to\nsupport civil society and community organisations to raise awareness among municipalities and\nthe undocumented Roma to ensure the implementation of the law. This will help prevent\nstateless among more than 50,000 undocumented Roma, primarily children and youth, in the\nnext few years.\n\n\n1 Under Article 2 of the 1961 Convention, \u201cchildren found abandoned in the territory of a Contracting State\u201d. See UNHCR,\n[Guidelines on Statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every Child's Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/105120)\n[Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 2012.](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/105120)\n2 UNHCR guidance on the substantive and procedural aspects of SDP are provided in _[Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2014/en/122573)_,\nUNHCR, 30 June 2014.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Bulgaria\u2019s reservations to the 1954 Convention**\n\nWhen Bulgaria ratified the 1954 Convention by law promulgated in the State Gazette on 7\nFebruary 2012, it made reservations to several provisions: Article 7, para. 2 (exemption from\nreciprocity), Article 21 (housing), Article 23 (public relief), Article 24, para. 1 (b) (social security),\nArticle 24, para. 2 (right to compensation for death resulting from employment injury or\noccupational disease), Article 24, para 3 (extension of benefits under agreements between\ncontracting states), Article 27 (identity papers), Article 28 (travel documents); and Article 31\n(protection from expulsion). With regards to its reservation to Article 27, Bulgaria has clarified\nthat individuals granted stateless status will receive a residence permit, but that this should not\nbe considered an identity document.\n\n\nIn 2020, Bulgaria withdrew its reservation to Article 31 of the 1954 Convention and pledged\nto review other reservations. Since then, UNHCR has focused its advocacy on lifting\nrestrictions related to identity and travel documents without which stateless persons are often\ndeprived of their civil and social and economic rights. one concern cited against lifting\nreservations with regards to issuing identity and travel documents is the potential for increased\nmovements into the EU via Bulgaria.\n\n\nThe Law on Bulgarian Identity Documents (LBID) regulates the types of documents available\nto stateless individuals such as a travel certificates and residence permits issued under the Law\non Foreigners. The law explicitly provides that \u201cstateless people (\u2026) can identify themselves\nonly with a Bulgarian identity document\u201d (LBID, Article 57). However, obtaining identity cards\nand passports in Bulgaria is further hindered by address registration requirements under the\nCivil Registration Law, which requires proof of ownership or use of property. This poses a\nsignificant barrier for forcibly displaced and stateless persons as well as undocumented Roma\ncommunities, who often reside in unregulated housing, making address registration impossible.\nWithout a registered address, obtaining an identity card is impossible, which in turn blocks\naccess to other essential services and rights. For stateless children over 14 years old, obtaining\nan ID card is legally required, yet often unfeasible. They must first be granted stateless status\nand fulfil the criteria for long-term or permanent residence before obtaining a travel document\nfor stateless persons, serving also as an ID under the national law. This legal and administrative\ngap leaves many stateless individuals, including children, in a precarious situation without\ndocumentation or access to fundamental rights.\n\n##### **Statelessness Status Determination Procedures**\n\n\nBulgaria established a Statelessness Determination Procedure (SDP) in December 2016\nthrough amendments to the Law on Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria (LoF). The\nDirectorate for Migration, under the Ministry of Interior, was designated as the competent\ngovernmental authority to conduct statelessness determination. The LoF contains a definition\nof a stateless person which is in line with the 1954 Convention. The Law on Foreigners and its\nimplementing regulation provide key procedural guarantees, including the right to information,\na personal interview, a six-month deadline for issuing a written decision (can be extended by 2\nmonths), suspension of the SDP if a procedure for international protection is ongoing, and free\nlegal assistance on appeal.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "application is assessed; interpretation and legal assistance during the administrative phase are\nnot mandatory (except when supported by UNHCR); the risk of detention upon identification\nand application discourages individuals from accessing the procedure.\n\n\nBulgarian law also contains restrictive exclusion clauses that contradict the 1954 Convention,\nsuch as possessing an expired identity document or having a removal order, which significantly\nnarrows access to the SDP. Furthermore, the Law on Foreigners includes _de facto_ exclusion\nclauses, that go beyond the 1954 Convention provisions:\n\n\ni. Applications against which a return or expulsion order was issued before submission of\nthe application;\n\n\nii. Applicants who possess, or previously possessed and failed to renew, a valid identity\ndocument ; and\n\n\niii. Applicants who meet the grounds for visa refusal (e.g. those with criminal, labour or tax\nlaw violations)\n\n\nIn Bulgaria\u2019s statelessness determination procedure, the primary burden of proof is in practice\nplaced on the applicant, requiring them to assist the authorities and submit all available\nevidence. The standard of proof is higher than in other legal procedures, requiring applicants\nto make genuine efforts to acquire nationality, and provide documents that are difficult or\nimpossible for stateless individuals to obtain. While court practice dictates the administrative\nauthority must verify an applicant's nationality if doubts exist, the Migration Directorate's\ndiscretionary power and the difficulty of obtaining proof can lead to discontinuation of the\nprocedure.\n\n\nRecognized stateless persons do not receive autonomous residence permits. Instead, they may\napply for a continuous residence permit, valid for one year. However, this permit provides only\nvery limited access to rights \u2013 lawful residence and access to education for children but no\nright to access social assistance, including accommodation, child or disability benefits, or access\nto employment or to national health insurance.\n\n\nThe LBN offers a reduced residency requirement for stateless persons applying for citizenship,\nallowing them to apply after three years instead of the usual five years if they hold a permanent\nor long-term residence permit. General naturalization requirements include a fee (reduced for\nchildren and students), income and language proficiency standards, proof of \u201cgood character\u201d,\nand a birth certificate \u2013 criteria that can be challenging for stateless individuals to meet.\nStateless children born in Bulgaria are eligible for citizenship by birth if they do not acquire\nanother nationality. However, but this is not granted automatically and requires an\nadministrative procedure with the local municipality and the Ministry of Justice. While no\nlanguage, residency, or income requirements apply, parents must prove the child's\nstatelessness with written evidence, which can be a significant obstacle for those without\nproper documentation.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "access civil registration and related documentation, and their children, are vulnerable to\nstatelessness and associated protection risk. UNHCR considers a person to be at risk of\nstatelessness if preventative actions aren\u2019t taken, such as providing identity documentation in\nline with the national law. People who face legal or administrative barriers to obtaining\ndocuments proving they meet the requirements for the enjoyment of nationality may be at risk\nof statelessness, which particularly affects marginalized minority groups, such as the Roma.\n\n\nDeprivation of rights associated with nationality and the risk of statelessness for some\nundocumented Roma individuals in Bulgaria stems from a complex web of factors, primarily\nrelated to barriers to access identity documentation. This issue is often rooted in the Roma\ncommunities\u2019 inability to provide proof of a permanent address, which is a prerequisite for\nobtaining identity documents. In turn, the absence of identity documents prevents Roma\nparents from registering the births of their children, perpetuating exclusion and risk of\nstatelessness. The deprivation of identity documents leads to endemic exclusion from socioeconomic rights such as education, employment, social security, housing and healthcare.\nAdditionally, the inability to obtain identity documentation restricts Roma individuals from\nexercising property rights, accessing rental or employment contracts, and accessing financial\nservices such as opening a bank account. [3]\n\n\nAmendments to the Law on Civil Registration in May 2011 introduced a requirement for\nindividuals to provide a certificate of permanent address registration when issuing or renewing\nan identity card. However, for many Roma who reside in informal urban and suburban\nsettlements and lack property ownership documents, meeting this requirement is impossible.\nMore than 50,000 Roma are affected by these restrictive requirements for address registration,\nwhich mandate proof of property ownership, being relatives or spouse of a property owner or\nhaving rental contract and the owners\u2019 agreement to register at the place of residence.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the October 2024 amendments to the LoCR which facilitate access to\nidentity and travel documents. These amendments are in line with proposals made by UNHCR\nand its partners in 2022 to resolve the issue of address registration, including for refugees.\nAccording to the amended law, persons who do not have valid identity document due to lack\nof permanent address can apply for permanent address using birth registration or expired ID\ndocument as means of identification. Provisions are also made for those whose permanent\naddress registration was erased or whose permanent address has been removed from the\nNational Classifier of Current and Permanent Addresses by their respective municipalities to\nbe registered at a service address.\n\n\nConsistent and effective implementation of these provisions will also enable socioeconomic\nintegration of the undocumented Roma people in line with Bulgaria's [National Strategy for](https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/national_strategy-_english_google.docx.pdf)\n[Roma Equality, Inclusion and Participation (2021\u20132030). The strategy aims at achieving](https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/national_strategy-_english_google.docx.pdf)\neffective equality, inclusion, and participation of vulnerable Roma communities in all areas of\npublic life, contributing to Bulgaria\u2019s sustainable social and economic development by 2030 by\ncreating conditions ensuring Roma access to rights, services, and opportunities, guided by the\nprinciples of rule of law, non-discrimination, and social justice.\n\n\n3 Foundation to Access Rights (FAR) and European Network on Statelessness, [The risk of statelessness among the Roma population](https://farbg.eu/bg/doklad_romi_v_risk_ot_bezgrajdanstvenost)\n[in Bulgaria, 2020 (in Bulgarian).](https://farbg.eu/bg/doklad_romi_v_risk_ot_bezgrajdanstvenost)\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR recommends the Government of Bulgaria to:**\n\n\n- **Amend legislation to ensure effective access to rights** for individuals in the SDP and those\ngranted stateless status, particularly by removing legal barriers that restrict access to the\nprocedure.\n\n- **Review and consider lifting remaining reservations to the 1954 Convention**, especially those\nrelated to identity and travel documents in line with Bulgaria\u2019s pledges made during the 2023\nGlobal Refugee Forum.\n\n- **Provide free legal assistance to stateless people and people at risk of statelessness**, supporting\ntheir access to nationality, civil status registration, and identity procedures and documents, and\nempowering them to claim their rights. This includes ensuring that free legal assistance is also\navailable at the administrative stage of the SDP.\n\n- **Amend primary and secondary legislation to ensure effective access to rights** for applicants for\nstatelessness status and those granted statelessness status, such as access to national health\ninsurance, employment and social assistance programs.\n\n- **Ensure the collection and recording of data on statelessness throughout the migration**\n**management and asylum process** to protect people against arbitrary detention, and ensure they\nare provided with appropriate assistance. The collection and recording of statelessness data will\nalso assist Bulgaria with their reporting obligations under the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum.\nConsider conducting a comprehensive mapping survey to improve the quantitative data and\nqualitative analysis of the situation of stateless population residing in Bulgaria and engage with\nthe ongoing UNHCR exercise on mapping statelessness in Bulgaria.\n\n- **Join the Global Alliance to End Statelessness**, a collaborative multistakeholder platform, which\nbrings together Governments, regional intergovernmental organizations, stateless-led and civil\nsociety organizations and other stakeholders to increase collective advocacy efforts, catalyse\npolitical commitments and accelerate action to secure permanent solutions to statelessness.\n\n\n**With respect to undocumented Roma communities:**\n\n\n- Provide resources and clear guidance to municipalities and cooperate with civil society to\nimplement the recently adopted amendments to the Civil Registration Law enabling address\nregistration at a service address, thereby facilitating access to identity documents.\n\n- Engage Bulgarian civil society, including the Roma organisations and experts, to ensure that the\namendments to Civil Registration Law are effectively utilised to end the risk of statelessness\namong undocumented Roma, and that they have full access to their rights, including education,\nhealthcare and employment.\n\n\n_**END.**_\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / April 2025** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping survey", - "confidence": 0.7900916337966919, - "start": 258, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7377307415008545, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.979000985622406, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless population residing in Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5579910278320312, - "start": 272, - "end": 277 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c44c694-eb3d-5c63-bfd3-3052ccdac6cb/2025%20Brief%207%20-%20Statelessness%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_520/raw/doc_520_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_520/raw/doc_520_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5558aafd32c811d97a5a3bf9530e986e2e530bf2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_520/raw/doc_520_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0410**\n## **\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443**\n### \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n###### **\u0427\u0415\u0420\u0412\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n##### **\u0417\u0410\u0413\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041e\u0413\u041b\u042f\u0414**\n\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457\n\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0443 24 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 **\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0456**\n**\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445** **\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445** **\u043d\u0430** **\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435**\n**\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f** **\u0442\u0430** **\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443** **\u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443,**\n**\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443** **\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456,** **\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456**\n**\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456,**\n**\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c \u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443** .\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e 6,2\n\u043c\u043b\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 [i] \u0456 5,4 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\n\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. 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\u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438.\n\n\n\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0454:\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n - \u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0430 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3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n\u0414\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 **\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 (\u0412\u0412\u041f) \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 29,2%**, **\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438**\n**\u0421\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0440\u0456\u0441 \u043d\u0430 24,1% - 7,1 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 89% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u041a\u041f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0456, \u0430 18% \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0457\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 30 \u0434\u043d\u0456\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 58% \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0432 \u041c\u041a\u041f 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[xi]\n\n\n_\u041c\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456_\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n\u0417 2014 \u043f\u043e 2021 \u0440\u0456\u043a \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0454\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, 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\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 10% \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437\n\u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443. \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0443\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 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\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u0445.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n##### **\u0420\u0415\u0410\u0413\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f**\n\n\n**\u0414\u041e\u0421\u042f\u0413\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0423 \u0421\u0424\u0415\u0420\u0406 \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423**\n\n\n**93 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457** \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 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14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n**\u0423\u0420\u042f\u0414**\n\n\n**\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e \u0437 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u044e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438**\n**\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e 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**\u0414\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438.**\n\n- **\u0412\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438 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\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443 \u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "i **\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0456 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\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2023, Ukraine Conflict Monitor.\n\u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 15 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435 \u0443 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445.\niv OHCHR \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 5 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2023. \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0438 \u0456\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u0443 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\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u0434\u0435 \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438.\n\n\n\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f:\n\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443: **\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0456\u044f** **\u041d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0456** [nicoletc@unhcr.org |](mailto:nicoletc@unhcr.org) **\u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430** **\u041b\u0443\u0437\u0430\u043d** [\u2013 t.luzan@r2p.org.ua](mailto:t.luzan@r2p.org.ua)\n\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443: **\u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0430** **\u041a\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0456** [kristesashvili@unfpa.org](mailto:kristesashvili@unfpa.org)\n\n\u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439: **\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0456** **\u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043c** [rpaskarasingam@unicef.org](mailto:rpaskarasingam@unicef.org)\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c: **\u0413\u0430\u0439** **\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0441** [guy.rhodes@undp.org |](mailto:guy.rhodes@undp.org) **\u041c\u0435\u0440\u0456** **\u0414\u0435\u0445\u0435\u043d** [marie.dahan@undp.org](mailto:marie.dahan@undp.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b59408b-dfcf-467d-9c92-af8082c5254b/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_521/raw/doc_521_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_521/raw/doc_521_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9b0612d3007eed699b5328e7dfc332fe98759abb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_521/raw/doc_521_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UKRAINE**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Unabated violations against civilians increase the impact of protection risks on the population\n\n##### **JUNE 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nThe 24 February 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has led to an international armed conflict\nconstituting regular direct and disproportionate\n**attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure,**\n**forced** **displacement,** **destruction** **of** **civilian**\n**property,** **sexual** **violence,** and **infliction** **of**\n**psychological trauma and stress.** As of May 2023, an\nestimated 6.2 million people have fled Ukraine as\nrefugees [i] and 5.4 million persons are internally\ndisplaced. [ii] According to the 2023 Humanitarian\nResponse Plan (HRP), 15.4 million individuals,\nincluding IDPs, returnees and non-displaced people\nare in need of humanitarian protection assistance,\nincluding General Protection, Gender-Based Violence\n(GBV), Child Protection and Mine Action\ninterventions. 4.4 million people in the East near the\nfrontline and in areas under the temporary military\ncontrol of the Russian Federation are at highest risk.\nFrom February 2022 to June 2023, an estimated **4,043 acts of violence targeting civilians have been recorded across Ukraine**\n\u2014with three quarters of incidents consisting of shelling, artillery and missile strikes, rendering Ukraine the deadliest country\nin the world for violence in 2022 and causing continued untold harm to civilian populations. [iii]\n\n\nTotal PIN **Displaced** **Returnees** **Non Displaced** Males Females **Children** **Adults** **Elderly**\n\n\n**15,420,144** **37%** **26%** **37%** **44%** **56%** **24%** **54%** **22%**\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis [iv ] are:\n\n\n**1.** **Attacks Against Civilians and Civilian Infrastructure**\n**2.** **Impediments and/or restrictions to access Legal Identity, Remedies and Justice**\n**3.** **Risks of Mines & Explosive Ordnance**\n**4.** **Gender-Based Violence**\n**5.** **Infliction of Trauma and Distress to Children through Violence, Abuse and Destruction**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nThe full-scale invasion of Ukraine has triggered the largest conflict in Europe since the Second World War. Repercussions are\nfelt on a global scale, including, but not limited to, actions and policies of the Russian Federation, Member States of the NorthAtlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO), the European Union and regions in Sub-Saharan Africa reliant upon Ukrainian grain and\nfertilizer exports. Urgent action is required to cease violations against civilians and mitigate the impact of war at regional and\nglobal levels. It is imperative that stakeholders responsible for violations of International Law, International Humanitarian Law\nand Human Rights Law are held accountable.\n\n\nIt is of utmost importance to:\n\n\n - Ensure the Protection of Civilians by all parties to the conflict. Attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure must cease,\nand the use of explosive weapons in densely populated areas must be avoided at all costs.\n\n\n - The most vulnerable persons, including older people, people with disabilities, children and survivors of Gender-Based\nViolence (GBV) and persons at high-risk of GBV, must be provided with access to humanitarian and social protection\nservices, with specific needs integrated into humanitarian, early recovery and durable solutions response planning by\nhumanitarian and development actors and the Government of Ukraine.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n\n**VERIFIED**\n\n\n\n**VERIFIED**\n**CIVILIANS**\n\n**INJURED**\n\n\n\n**NON-**\n\n**CIVILIAN** **CIVILIANS** **CIVILIANS** **IDPs** **[vi]** **RETURNEES**\n\n**DISPLACED** **[vii]**\n\n**CASUALTIES** **[v]** **KILLED** **INJURED**\n## **24,425 8,983 15,442 5.09M 4.76M 7.3M**\n\n\n\n**CIVILIAN**\n**CASUALTIES** **[v]**\n\n\n\n**VERIFIED**\n**CIVILIANS**\n\n\n\n**KILLED**\n\n\n\n_Summary of verified incidents and total numbers of affected population in Ukraine_\n\n\nUkraine declared independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on 24 August 1991. In November 2013,\nformer President Viktor Yanukovych suspended an association agreement with European Union (EU) despite widespread\nsupport among the public, leading to intense protests across Ukraine, thereafter, known as the Maidan Revolution, which\ncontinued into 2014. The movement led to the ouster of Yanukovych and vocal aspirations by subsequent governments in\nmoving toward eventual membership in the European Union (EU), which the Russian Federation has opposed.\n\n\nBefore 24 February 2022, the conflict in Ukraine was centred in parts of Donetska and Luhanska oblasts in the East, following\nthe Russian Federation\u2019s illegal annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2014. According to government\nauthorities, the 2014-2022 conflict led to the forced displacement of an estimated 850,000 persons, [viii] resulting in a reported\n3,106 conflict-related deaths and 7,000 injuries, including 102 boys and 50 girls. [ix] On 21 February 2022, the Russian Federation\nformally recognised Donetska and Luhanska oblasts as independent states, violating Ukraine\u2019s territorial integrity and\nsovereignty. On 24 February, the Russian Federation Armed Forces launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine with the rapid\ndeployment of troops in Ukraine\u2019s South, East and North, and several locations fell under the temporary military control of the\nRussian Federation.\n\n\nIn September 2022, the Russian authorities held referendums in temporarily occupied areas of Donetska, Luhanska, Khersonka\nand Zaporizka as part of their illegal annexation by the Russian Federation. On 12 October 2022, the Fourth Resolution of the\nEleventh Emergency Special Session of the General Assembly condemned the so-called referendums, officially asserting that\nthe four regions are under the \u201ctemporary control of the Russian Federation, as a result of aggression, in violation of the\nsovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine\u201d and that any attempt at annexation of a State\u2019s\nterritory by another State by threat or use of force is a violation of the principles of the United Nations Charter and\nInternational Law.\n\n\nAs of June 2023, the Government of Ukraine has retaken all of Kyivska, Sumska and Chernihivska and Kharkivska oblasts, as\nwell as parts of Khersonka, Mykolaivska and Donetska oblasts. In June 2023, the Ukrainian armed forces began a\ncounteroffensive in Donetska, Khersonska and Zaporizka oblasts. Other locations will most likely be targeted in the near future.\n\n\nBy the end of 2022, Ukraine\u2019s **gross domestic product (GDP) shrunk by 29.2%** and the World Bank estimates **poverty has**\n**increased by 24.1%** with **7.1 million people pushed into poverty**, reversing over 15 years of economic progress. As of February\n2023, damage from the war resulted in over **$135 billion USD** **in damage** **[x]** in housing, transport, energy and commerce with\nclear indications that the impacts of war are uneven, with the greatest effects on women, children, older persons, people with\ndisabilities. As of February 2023, the World Bank estimated **$411 billion USD** were required for **reconstruction and recovery**\n**efforts.**\n\n\n**IMPACTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT IN EASTERN & SOUTHERN UKRAINE**\n\n\nDonetska, Luhanska, Zaporizka and Kharkivska oblasts in the East are at the centre of the international armed conflict, with\nareas of the Khersonska, Odeska and Mykolaivska oblasts in the South also impacted. **Donetska, Luhanska, Zaporizka,**\n**Khersonska** and **Kharkivska** rank highest in severity of persons in need of humanitarian services, followed by areas of\n**Dnipropetrovska, Odeska** and **Mykolaivska** . Donetska, Kharkivska, Luhanska, Zaporizka, Khersonka and Mykolaivska are\nregions most affected in terms of direct damage to civilian infrastructure and economic fallout.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nThe majority of displaced people following the full-scale invasion originate from Kharkivska oblast, followed by Donetska,\nZaporizka, Khersonska and Luhanska oblasts. Their main areas of displacement are Kharkivska, Dnipropetrovska, Kyivska,\nOdeska oblasts and the city of Kyiv.\n\n\n\nThe majority of IDPs reside in Kharkivska\n(689,000 IDPs) and Dnipropetrovska\n(625,000 IDPs) oblasts, frontline locations\nwith strained government services and\nlimited access for humanitarian actors.\nKyivska oblast hosts 474,000 IDPs, many of\nwhom require socio-economic and\nlivelihood opportunities in an increasingly\ncompetitive and shrinking labour market. An\nestimated one in four IDPs report cash\nassistance from humanitarian actors is their\nprimary source of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSocial Policy (MoSP) registers all displaced\npersons and provides a small allowance for _Extreme Needs by Cluster - Multisectoral Needs Analysis (MSNA) 2022_\nassistance, forming a limited source of\nincome. Some groups, however, are excluded from these social protection schemes due to inability to register, such as\nindividuals without documentation, as well as some older people and persons with disabilities unable to evacuate from\nlocations under temporary military control of the Russian Federation. Males between 18-65 are required under government\ndecree to register for conscription, but some may not do so, and consequently they are also excluded.\n\n\nHumanitarian organisations able to conduct interviews with persons in areas under the temporary military control of the\nRussian Federation report the top concerns include physical safety (54%), access to medicines (46%) and access to healthcare\nservices (40%), while the top reported needs were food (69%), medicines (55%) and drinking water (36%). The overall scope\nof humanitarian needs of civilians living in these areas remains generally unknown due to lack of access.\n\n\nAcross Ukraine, 42% of assessed households were found to be in extreme need with respect to livelihoods, shelter and nonfood items and protection. 19% of households were found to be in extreme need of livelihoods assistance, with 17% in extreme\nneed of shelter and non-food items and 15% in extreme need of protection interventions. The highest reported needs were\nreported in the East, with severity higher amongst families with members who have a disability or who are 60 years of age and\nabove. Rural settlements were found to be in extremely high need.\n\n\nAround 73% of families nationally report continued need for humanitarian assistance, with 35% saying they have received\nsome form of assistance, mostly in the East, followed by the South.\n\n\n**NEXT PHASE OF CONFLICT: COUNTEROFFENSIVE**\n\n\nIn June 2023, the Ukrainian armed forces launched a counteroffensive with a focus on retaking areas of **Donetska, Khersonska**\nand **Zaporizka** oblasts, among other possible locations. Protection partners continue to engage with the wider humanitarian\ncommunity, as well as affected communities themselves to ensure that the most vulnerable can evacuate if necessary\u2014\nincluding older people and persons with disabilities\u2014and that persons receive humanitarian services in their area of\ndisplacement.\n\n\nOn 6 June 2023, the Khakovka hydroelectric dam in Khersonska oblast was breached, resulting in widespread flooding across\n180 km\u00b2 [xi] of land. As of 14 June, an estimated 2,750 persons (including 228 children) had been evacuated to fourteen\nevacuation centres and seven existing Collective Sites in the oblast, with persons with limited mobility accommodated in\nhospitals. At least 10 persons died, 20 were injured and 30 remained missing at time of writing. The majority of evacuees opted\nto remain in the oblast, though an increase to other locations is expected as the extent of humanitarian needs is understood.\nThe height of water levels was recorded at 5-6 meters, with 20 per cent of Kherson city estimated to have been flooded. At\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n\n\n\n_Extreme Needs by Cluster - Multisectoral Needs Analysis (MSNA) 2022_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nthe end of June, waters had receded in urban centres with villages and other locations still impacted. At least 3,100 houses\nhave experienced flooding across 45 towns and villages in areas under Government control, with 17 locations under the\ntemporary military control of the Russian Federation also affected. According to OCHA, the Khakovka Reservoir serves as a\nsource of drinking water for 700,000 people across southern Ukraine. The impact of the dam\u2019s destruction will result in\nenhanced need for humanitarian and development assistance, placing further strain on areas already adversely impacted by\nconflict [xii] with profound ecological consequences for many years to come.\n\n\n**COLLECTIVE SITES & SOLUTIONS**\n\n\nAn estimated 122,738 IDPs reside in over 2,500 Collective Sites (CS) [xiii] across Ukraine, with higher proportions in the lessconflicted affected oblasts of the West and Centre. CSs house the highly vulnerable IDPs, with 85% hosting elderly persons,\n59% hosting persons with disabilities and 33% hosting female-headed households. An estimated 152 child-headed households\nreside in CSs where all household members are less than 18 years of age. 13% of IDPs living in sites are employed, with 79% of\nhouseholds with humanitarian needs assessed as severe, extreme or catastrophic. Notably, the severity index of the\nhouseholds does not correlate with proximity to the areas of hostilities.\n\n\n\nAs of March 2023, 89% of IDPs\nhave remained in CSs for a period\nof longer than three months, with\n18% saying they planned to\ndepart within the next 30 days.\nWhile 58% of persons in CSs\nreport receipt of humanitarian\nassistance. 79% of CSs require\nrehabilitation, repairs or\nconstruction works to improve\nsub-standard conditions and to\nprovide sustainable sources of\nenergy, as well as to\naccommodate vulnerable\ncommunities requiring specific\nconfigurations for their care,\nprimarily accessibility elements\nfor persons with disabilities and\nthe elderly, and infrastructure to\nimprove the privacy and security\nof women and children to reduce the risk of GBV.\n\n\n\n\n\nCSs are managed by a diverse array of stakeholders, including local government authorities, management of educational\ninstitutions and NGOs, depending on ownership and building type of the CS. While recognizing that a significant number of\nIDPs in CSs will not be able to return to their places of origin due to ongoing conflict or damaged and/or destroyed property,\nCSs are only intended to serve as temporary accommodation, and longer-term, affordable housing alternatives must be\nidentified. Advocacy is ongoing with the Protection, CCCM, Shelter/NFI and Education clusters in conjunction with the\nHumanitarian Country Team and local and central authorities regarding planning for dignified, affordable, alternative housing\noptions and other support for durable solutions.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n##### RISK 1 Attacks Against Civilians & Civilian Infrastructure\n\n\nThe Independent International Commission of Inquiry for Ukraine has established that the **full-scale invasion by the Russian**\n**Federation qualifies as an act of aggression** as established by General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) [xiv] . Per the Resolution\nand in line with International Law, no territorial acquisition or special advantage resulting from aggression is or shall be\nrecognized as lawful. All parties to the conflict remain obliged to carry out their responsibilities under International Law,\nInternational Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law, including the obligation to protect civilians. The Independent\nCommission of Inquiry has established that **direct attacks have been carried out against civilian populations**, including the\nuse of explosive weapons in densely populated areas, without regard to harm and suffering. [xv] These attacks have included\n**direct, disproportionate and indiscriminate** incidents involving airstrikes, shelling and bombardments, with high risk to\ncivilians in front line oblasts, in newly accessible areas and in locations under the temporary military control the Russian\nFederation.\n\n\n**Civilian infrastructure has been regularly targeted by the Russian Federation**, resulting in damage to **critical energy, health,**\n**education, cultural and water and sanitation infrastructure.** In October 2022, attacks against civilian infrastructure\nintensified, with heating sources, schools, hospitals, transportation and social protection services targeted and impacted. An\nestimated 3,304 air and drone strikes\u2014in addition to shelling and grenades\u2014have been utilised to target civilian\ninfrastructure. From October 2022 to March 2023, more than 100 missiles were estimated to have directly hit large energy\nfacilities. In 2022, the electricity sector suffered a 61% reduction in function, with pre-war capacity moving from 36 Gigawatt\n(GW) to 13.9 GW; around 10 GW is in locations under temporary military control of the Russian Federation, 6 GW of which is\nsourced from the Zaporizka Nuclear Power Plant. [xvi]\n\n\nThe World Bank and UNDP estimate that over 12 million Ukrainians have suffered as a result of damage to energy sources,\nleading to rationing of electricity and heating. During the last quarter of 2022, continued attacks on energy infrastructure\ncaused an energy crisis, testing the whole country\u2019s resilience and creating a new dimension of the humanitarian crisis, as the\ncountry entered the cold winter season. According to the Independent Commission of Inquiry, attacks on energy-related\ncivilian infrastructure may amount to crimes against humanity.\n\n##### RISK 2 Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\nThe lack of access to civil documentation for residents of territories under the temporary military control of the Russian\nFederation and internally displaced persons remains a serious concern, primarily with regard to undocumented births and\ndeaths. At the end of 2021, up to 200,000 children born in areas not under the control of the Government of Ukraine in\nDonetska and Luhanska oblasts, as well as Crimea, reportedly did not have a birth certificate. This number is expected to\nincrease dramatically following the full-scale invasion.\n\n\nAt the end of 2022, the number of death certificates issued in the same locations was reportedly 120,000. Official figures,\nhowever, have not been published. It is expected that a number of deaths remain undocumented, with severe impacts on the\nability of relatives to access compensation benefits, as well as Housing, Land and Property (HLP) rights.\n\n\nInability to access (HLP) rights have led to profound challenges and displacement for civilians impacted by the conflict. From\nFebruary 2022 to February 2023, 1.4 million units of housing were reported as either destroyed or damaged. 17% of urban\nhouseholds and 5% of rural households in the East reported conflict-related damage or defects to residences, compared to\n14% of rural residences in the South and 7% of rural residences in the North.\n\n\nOverall damage among rural households nationally is reported at 6%. Displaced households are most affected by conflictrelated damage to residences at 16%, whilst 4% of returnees report conflict-related damage and just 1% of host community\nmembers report damage. 82% of households report they are property owners, with 96% stating they possess documentation\nproving their ownership. 11% of households rent, with 48% of renters saying they do not possess a formal rental agreement.\n17% of renters, on average, cannot afford monthly living expenses to meet basic needs, with the highest number of\nrespondents at 33% in the East; female-headed households (20%) are at higher vulnerability, in contrast to male headed\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "death certificates", - "confidence": 0.5200559496879578, - "start": 605, - "end": 607 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9436173439025879, - "start": 691, - "end": 692 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8432856798171997, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nhouseholds (13%). Female-headed households with a family member with a disability report the most challenges in ability to\nmeet basic needs. Before 2022, people with damaged or destroyed residential property had extremely limited access to\ncompensation mechanisms, with legislation existent for Donetska and Luhanska oblasts, but specifying financial renumeration\nwould only be made available to persons who had not relocated or engaged in repair works on their own accord or through\nthe support of humanitarian programming. A budget was accorded by the State in September 2020 and an estimated 532\npersons were compensated. The Government of Ukraine halted funding following the full-scale invasion.\n\n\n_Map of occupied territories in Ukraine \u2013 UNHCR (21 June 2023)_\n\n\nIn March 2023, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted legislation on compensation. The coverage of the law is limited in scope, as\nit applies only to residential properties damaged or destroyed after 24 February 2022, and only in areas under Government of\nUkraine control at the time. Of concern to humanitarian actors are elements perceived as exclusionary, including lack of clarity\nregarding eligibility and repairs processes for persons who have undertaken restoration work with their own resources and/or\nwith humanitarian assistance; persons with residential properties located in areas under temporary military control of the\nRussian Federation; and lack of inclusion for properties damaged or destroyed due to the conflict before 24 February 2022.\n\n\nConcerns also exist regarding article 7, whereby compensation can be suspended if an individual or his/her heirs is charged\nwith a criminal offence against national security. Further details are required to ensure that the compensation law covers all\nin need and is used without discrimination against persons perceived as collaborating with occupying forces or those who did\nnot displace. The legislative process is ongoing at the time of writing.\n\n\nPersons living in areas under temporary military control of the Russian Federation face major barriers in access to legal\nremedies and justice. On 19 October 2022, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 756, which imposed\nmartial law in areas under temporary military control in Donetska, Khersonska, Luhanska and Zaporizska. The decree allows\nfor _ad hoc_ restrictions on freedom of movement and freedom of association, in addition to implementation of a curfew and\nseizure of property and internment.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nFollowing the illegal referendums, the Russian Federation recognises all Ukrainian citizens and stateless people resident in\nthese locations as citizens of the Russian Federation unless they refuse to take the oath of Russian citizenship or formally reject\nthe offer of Russian citizenship. Residents who retain their Ukrainian citizenship are at risk of exclusion from social protection\nschemes, including health insurance and pensions from both the Russian Federation and the Government of Ukraine, leaving\nthem uniquely vulnerable, coupled with regular reports of threats of physical and bodily harm from the Russian armed forces\nshould they fail to obtain Russian citizenship.\n\n##### RISK 3 Presence of Mines and Explosive Ordinances\n\n\nAccording to the Mine Action Area of Responsibility, 160,000 square kilometers of land in Ukraine has been exposed to conflict\nsince 2014, placing 21.3 million people at risk of exposure to mines and unexploded ordnances (UXO). Of those at-risk, 52%\nare female, 23% are older people, 19% are children and 15% are persons with disabilities, creating special challenges for Mine\nAction actors in needing to deploy a diversity of approaches in the provision of Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) and\ndisposal interventions. [xvii]\n\n\nFrom 2014 to 2021, Ukraine was among the most contaminated countries in the world, with mines, UXOs, submunitions and\nimprovised explosive devices (IEDs). Today, areas of Chernihivska, Dnipropetrovska, Donetska, Kharkivska, Kyivka, Luhanska,\nMykolaivska, Odeska, Sumska and Zaporizka oblasts are reported to be the most contaminated, with Kharkivska, Luhanska,\nMykolaivska and Sumska containing raions with the most catastrophic severity levels of contamination, which is evident in\nboth rural and urban areas.\n\n\n_Map of incidents and mine hazards in Ukraine_\n\n\nIn April 2023, 12% of agricultural enterprises report partial areas of land as contaminated by UXOs, with over 32% of\nrespondents in frontline oblasts reporting their presence.\n\n\nFrom 24 February 2022 to 15 May 2023, OHCHR reported 280 civilians were killed and 561 injured as a result of Explosive\nRemnants of War (ERW) and mine-related incidents.\n\n\nContamination remains a major risk for persons going about daily activities, such as persons in newly accessible areas and\nchildren during recreational activities. Persons living in communities along the border with the Russian Federation and in areas\nunder temporary military control by the Russian Federation are at severe risk.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nAs of May 2023, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU) has cleared 86,000 hectares of land and removed 356,030\nEO. [xviii] Challenges remain regarding EORE activities and sensitizing vulnerable groups, including children and persons with\ndisabilities. Coordination of Mine Action activities, especially risk education, remains a key activity in order to avoid duplication\nand reduce gaps. Ensuring the physical safety of returnees to newly accessible areas will also remain a challenge with limited\nnumbers of Mine Action partners and humanitarian access.\n\n##### RISK 4 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\nAccording to the GBV Area of Responsibility, an estimated 3.6 million IDPs, returnees and people who have remained in\nconflict-affected areas or under the temporary military control of the Russian Federation, require urgent access to GBV\nprevention, risk mitigation and response interventions. GBV was prevalent among conflict-affected people before the fullscale invasion with IDP women reporting higher prevalence of GBV in comparison to non-displaced women since 2014. [xix]\n\n\nFrom February 2022, however, risks and vulnerabilities arising from various forms of GBV including Conflict-Related Sexual\nViolence (CRSV), sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), trafficking for sex, domestic violence and other forms of GBV have sharply\nincreased. Protection monitoring indicates the risks of GBV for women, men, boys and girls have increased following lack of\nindependent access to livelihoods; violence, harassment and abuse within the household; and limited access to specialised\nGBV services, including lack of awareness caused by massive displacement, damaged infrastructure and reduced capacity of\nstate services to provide quality support, including for sexual reproductive health. 8% of households report concerns about\nsexual violence, physical abuse, or verbal harassment or economic violence against women, with two-thirds unaware of where\nto seek assistance and 27% of households in the most war affected Eastern regions reporting non-availability of GBV services.\n\n\nWomen and girls living in CSs face unique risks given the communal living environment. These include lack of privacy in\naccommodation in sleeping spaces that are not partitioned, degrading and insecure WASH facilities that are not gender\nsegregated and lack adequate sources of lighting. GBV safety audits conducted in CSs revealed that IDPs and those managing\nCSs have limited awareness of GBV prevention and response, including to SEA and trafficking, as well as what services may be\navailable at a CS for humanitarian assistance, [xx] where to seek help when exposed to GBV and how to safely and confidentially\nreport SEA allegations through the Community-Based Complaints Mechanisms (CBCM).\n\n\nInstances of CRSV in areas under the temporary military control of the Russian Federation or closer to the frontline have been\nraised. From February 2022 to January 2023, OHCHR confirmed 133 cases of CRSV, 109 of which occurred in locations under\nthe temporary military control and 24 of which took place in Government of Ukraine controlled territories. Survivors included\n90 men, 45 women and 3 girls, with most persons impacted being male Prisoners of War (POW), although some male civilians\nwere affected. High levels of interaction between civilian populations and armed groups continue to pose large risks for CRSV.\n\n\nThe capacities of state healthcare services have been severely strained by the war. Transport for persons in rural areas or in\nlocations experiencing conflict and/or close to the frontline to reach towns and cities with available sexual and reproductive\nhealth services remains a barrier, particularly for persons with disabilities and people who require discretion in seeking care,\nsuch as male survivors and LGBTQI+ persons.\n\n\nIn 2022, Ukraine was the second country with the highest number of newly diagnosed HIV infections per 100,000 people in\nthe WHO European Region, with UNAIDS estimating that over 250,000 Ukrainians are People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Ukraine\nalso has one of the highest incidents of tuberculosis (TB) in Europe, with 11 per cent of people living with TB thought to be coinfected with HIV. Unaddressed needs of GBV, especially sexual violence and its consequences, constitute a health crisis with\nfar-reaching consequences. [xxi]\n\n\nChildren across Ukraine have experienced forced displacement, family separation, loss of caregivers, disruption in education\nand routines and exposure to violence and abuse, resulting in deep stress and trauma. In addition, children from Donetska and\nLuhanska oblasts have experienced the psychological consequences of over eight years of conflict prior to 2022. 2 million\nchildren are internally displaced across Ukraine, with children making up 26% of the total IDP and returnee population. 54%\nof all IDP households contain at least 1 child, with 31% having two children. 3% of households have an infant less than one\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nyear old; 5% of households have children aged 1 to 5 years old; and 47% have children aged 5-17 years old. A majority of\nchildren are girls and thus more susceptible to risks of GBV and trafficking.\n\n\nAn estimated 501 children were killed and 991 injured between February 2022 and April 2023, with real figures considered to\nbe higher due to continued, widespread use of highly explosive weapons in populated areas and ongoing hostilities. UNICEF\nsuggests the percentage of children living in poverty has almost doubled, from 43% before 2022 to 82% in 2023. More than\n3,000 educational facilities have been damaged or destroyed across Ukraine, leaving many school-aged children without access\nto education.\n\n\nIn general, children are increasingly socially isolated, having lost contact with friends who were evacuated or unreachable due\nto communications outages. Without safe spaces, such as educational institutions and child friendly spaces, many out-ofschool children are at heightened risk of violence, abuse, and neglect. An estimated 250,000 children have experienced regular\nshelling in areas of active conflict, leaving 7.8 million children at acute risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 1.5\nmillion at risk of depression and anxiety disorders.\n\n\nTo combat these risks, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility estimates 3.4 million children, including 10% of children with\ndisabilities, require immediate protection services, including psycho-social support. According to protection monitoring,\npsychological trauma, stress and anxiety are the central issues impacting children, followed by lack of access to education. In\nKharkivska, Poltavska, Zaporizka, Dnipropetrovska, Odeska, Vinnytska and Mykolaivska oblasts partners report 21.6% of\nchildren suffer from psychological trauma, stress and anxiety; 19.7% do not have access to recreational activities; 11.3% cannot\naccess education; and 8.8% report experience of sleep disorders. Social protection services for children are partially disrupted\nin areas of Donetska, Kharkivska, Luhanska and Zaporizka oblasts, with limited numbers of social workers resulting in decreased\nability to monitor or intervene on behalf of children in situations of possible abuse and neglect.\n\n\nThe WHO estimates that 10 million Ukrainians are at risk of a conflict-related mental health disorder, leading to heightened\nburdens for parents and caregivers as they struggle with livelihoods, meeting basic needs and providing childcare. The loss of\none or more parents or caregivers has increased the burden on extended family members, leading to some children requiring\nalternative care arrangements.\n\n\nFurther, the relocation of children from state institutions without accompanying documentation has raised concerns about\npossible difficulties in tracing children later. Children living in CSs often lack access to recreational spaces and areas to conduct\nonline distance learning activities.\n\n\nNationally, 19 humanitarian partners provide Mental Health & Psycho-Social Support (MHPSS) interventions targeting children,\nwith 15 providing specialized PSS services and seven providing PSS through Child Friendly Spaces (CFS). Overall, 76% of\nhouseholds report they are unaware of the availability of medical, legal and social service support for children where they\nreside. The need for protection services for children across Ukraine is high, but children who experienced conflict from 2014\nto 2022 must continue to be targeted by humanitarian planning, as well as children living in newly accessible areas.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\n**93 protection** partners are responding to the protection needs (through 123 implementing partners across Ukraine) of\nover 15.4 million people in need through Ukraine. Approximately **2 million people (20% men, 52% women, 28% children**\n\n**- among these 3% PWD and 11% older people) were reached from January to May 2023** . The highest proportion of\npeople reached were located in Dnipropetrovska, Kharkivska, Kyiv, Lviv and Zakarpatska oblasts, where humanitarian\naccess and protection programming were possible. 75% of protection services included Child Protection and General\nProtection interventions, with a focus on protection counselling, legal assistance and awareness raising, psycho-social\nsupport for children and adults and child protection case management. Mine Action partners have successfully removed\n**3,120 explosive ordinances** and cleared **1,091,545 square meters** of contaminated land, and GBV partners have reached\n51,438 women and girls with Women and Girls Safe Spaces (WGSS). **18 partners** across **23 oblasts**, **105 raions** and **1,017**\n**hromadas** participate in the Cluster\u2019s Key Informant (KI) Protection Monitoring Tool.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n**REPORTED ACCESS CONSTRAINTS** **SECURITY INCIDENTS**\n#### **150 10,000+**\n\nFrom February 2022 to May 2023, **155 incidents** were reported regarding **humanitarian** **access** **constraints** . Out of these\nincidents, **67 involved violence against humanitarian personnel and assets**, some of which led to suspension of\nhumanitarian activities and **10 involved the loss of life** of aid workers. **49 incidents** were related specifically to bureaucratic\nprocesses related to movement of personnel in and out of country, as well as operational interference in humanitarian\nactivities. **29 incidents included the conscription of humanitarian staff**, hampering the ability to maintain human resource\ncapacity necessary to operate and assist conflict-affected civilians. Both before and after the beginning of the June 2023\ncounter offensive, humanitarian organizations in areas close to the frontline in Zaporizka, Dnipropetrovska, Mykolaivska\nand Khersonska oblasts report stricter processes for obtaining access due to reported attempts by the Government of\nUkraine to standardize its practices across all conflict-affected locations. The Humanitarian Operations Planning Cell\n(HOPC) has organised over **55 inter-agency convoys to communities in Luhanska, Donetska, Kharkivska, Khersonska and**\n**Zaporizka oblasts as of May 2023** . For locations that are newly accessible or that remain under conflict, assistance is\ntransported to alternate locations where it can be distributed by Last Mile Delivery (LMD) actors\u2014organisations or groups\nof volunteer networks that have the capacity to take on high-levels of risk to ensure assistance reaches its destination.\nDespite the necessity and successes of IACs, challenges remain, including the risk of diversion of assistance and inadequate\nmodalities in which to distribute assistance to the most vulnerable in areas of receipt. The HCT has committed to ensuring\nthat one protection actor joins each IAC to provide on-the-ground guidance and for identification of potential protection\nprogramming where safe and ethical to do so.\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nPeople Targeted vs People Reached\n\n\n\n**5,000,000**\n\n\n**4,500,000**\n\n\n**4,000,000**\n\n\n**3,500,000**\n\n\n**3,000,000**\n\n\n**2,500,000**\n\n\n**2,000,000**\n\n\n**1,500,000**\n\n\n**1,000,000**\n\n\n**500,000**\n\n\n**-**\n\n\n\n**180,000,000.0**\n\n\n**160,000,000.0**\n\n\n**140,000,000.0**\n\n\n**120,000,000.0**\n\n\n**100,000,000.0**\n\n\n**80,000,000.0**\n\n\n**60,000,000.0**\n\n\n**40,000,000.0**\n\n\n**20,000,000.0**\n\n\n**-**\n\n\n\nFunding Requested & Received (in USD Millions)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**40%**\n\n\n**35%**\n\n\n**30%**\n\n\n**25%**\n\n\n**20%**\n\n\n**15%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**0%**\n\n\n\n**25%**\n\n\n**20%**\n\n\n**15%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**0%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Child Protection** **GBV** **Mine Action** **Protection**\n\n\nBeneficiaries Targeted Beneficiaries Reached\n\n\n_People Targeted vs Reached - Humanitarian Response Plan 2023 and ActivityInfo Response_\n\n_Monitoring Module (RMM) January \u2013 May 2023_\n\n\n\n**Child Protection** **GBV** **Mine Action** **Protection**\n\n\nFunds Requested Funds Received\n\n\n_Protection Cluster Ukraine funding status - OCHA FTS 2023_\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\nIn the period covered by this analysis, urgent action is required to stop attacks on civilians by the Russian Federation and to\nscale-up support for MHPSS, including for children, and support for survivors of GBV. Additional advocacy is required to ensure\nHLP compensation mechanisms are inclusive and that the risk of Mines and UXO do not hinder returns or Early Recovery\nprogramming. The Protection Cluster and partners consider the below listed actions necessary to avoid further harmful\nconsequences.\n\n##### RISK 1 Civilians face regular indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks\n\n\n**ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n- **Fully abide by the principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL),** which include **distinguishing between civilians and**\n**combatants**, **maintaining proportionality in the use of force**, **and taking precautions to minimize harm to civilians** . This\nentails avoiding the use of explosive weapons in areas with a high population density and refraining from deploying heavy\nweapons or other military targets in or near such areas.\n\n##### RISK 2 Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- **Compensation schemes must be inclusive** for all conflict-affected persons, including those impacted by conflict 2014 to\n2022, persons impacted after the full-scale invasion and those affected by the 6 June events at the Kakhovka dam. Further,\npersons with damaged or destroyed residential property in areas under temporary military control of the Russian\nFederation must also have recourse to compensation. **A fair, transparent and inclusive compensation mechanism** with\n**clear messaging on eligibility will be key to rebuilding the social fabric and enhancing social cohesion.**\n\n##### RISK 3 Presence of Mines and Explosive Ordnance\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- **Continued collaboration with the State Emergency Services and relevant line ministries for continuation of Explosive**\n**Ordnance Risk Education** **and disposal interventions.**\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- As an essential activity for Early Recovery and Development, Mine Action activities must be prioritized in humanitariandevelopment nexus coordination.\n\n- **Strengthened coordination of Mine Action partners to ensure an integrated response in line with Government of**\n**Ukraine priorities** to foster early recovery and contribute to economic growth.\n\n- **Development of a comprehensive system for mine victim assistance**, including referral pathways and provision of trauma\ncare and rehabilitation services that address the long-term needs of survivors, their families and affected communities,\nwith accompanying capacities and capabilities to respond.\n\n##### RISK 4 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- **Ensure access to Gender-Based Violence services.** Strengthened coordination of GBV partners should continue to\nadvocate for access to quality GBV services for women, men, girls and boys, including psychosocial support, legal\nassistance, safe accommodation and sexual and reproductive health services, including timely provision of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and emergency contraception. GBV services should be provided in a manner that is\nconfidential, respectful, sensitive to gender, and conducive to the preservation of dignity.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UKRAINE** | JUNE 2023\n\n\n- **Prioritize and mainstream GBV across humanitarian activities.** Both the Government of Ukraine and the humanitarian\ncommunity should work together to reduce the risk of GBV through the implementation of GBV prevention and mitigation\nstrategies at all levels of the response, from emergency to Early Recovery.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- **Psycho-social support for children affected by conflict must be central to social protection programming** . Education,\nChild Protection and GBV actors should work in concert with relevant authorities to ensure that MHPSS is available for\nchildren in need, with a focus on areas where social services are not functional.\n\n- **Children must be protected from the six grave violations against children,** as well as other violations of child rights.\n\n- **Prioritize and mainstream Child Protection across humanitarian activities.** Both the Government of Ukraine and the\nhumanitarian community should work together to mainstream Child Protection considerations at all levels of the\nresponse, from emergency to Early Recovery, with a view to the diversity of children and their experiences from an Age,\nGender and Diversity perspective.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\ni UNHCR, 6 June 2023, UNHCR, Operational Data Portal, Ukraine Refugee Situation\nii IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), Ukraine\niii Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), 2 June 2023, Ukraine Conflict Monitor.\niv\nAll data is relevant as of 15 June 2023 unless indicated otherwise by source in the Endnotes.\n\nv OHCHR Ukraine: Civilian Casualty Update 5 June 2023. Figures are likely higher due to lack of access to areas under temporary military occupation.\nvi IDPs and Returnees estimates - IOM DTM, General Population Survey \u2013 Round 13 May 2023\nvii Non-Displaced estimate \u2013 OCHA Baseline of Population Affected \u2013 September 2022\n[viii Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Conflict and Violence Data. http://internal-displacement.org/countries/ukraine. Figures derive from 14 2014 to](http://internal-displacement.org/countries/ukraine)\n31 December 2021.\nix OHCHR Ukraine: Conflict-related Civilian Casualties, 27 January 2022. Figures derive from 14 April 2014-31 December 2021.\nx World Bank, Ukraine, Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment, February 2022-February 2023\nxi Disaster Risk Management & Climate Resilience Section, 13 June 2023, United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT)\nxii OCHA Ukraine, Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam, 14 June 2023, Flash Update 6,\nxiii CCCM Cluster Ukraine. 40% of Collective Sites are situated in the dormitories of educational facilities, 11% situated in schools and 11% in kindergartens.\n20% of sites are based inside of government social service institutions, followed by 13% located in religious facilities, office buildings, libraries and restaurants.\nxiv A. Res. 3314 (XXIX), UN GAOR, 29, U.N. A/77/533 (14 December 1974)\nxv A/77/533: Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine (18 October 2022)\nxvi World Bank, UNDP. Ukraine: Energy Damage Assessment, March 2023.\nxvii Mine Action AoR Ukraine \u2013 Source: Ukraine National Mine Action Authority (MOD & SESU) June 2023 and ACLED incidents data April 2023\nxviii Mine Action AoR Ukraine \u2013 2023 Monitoring, 5 May 2023, 5W Situation Report\nxix OSCE, Survey on Violence Against Women: Ukraine, Well-Being and Safety of Women, 2019\nxx UNHCR Ukraine, CCCM Safety Audit Report (Pilot Phase), September 2022\nxxi WHO and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe, 2022\n\n\nFor further information contact:\nNational Protection Cluster: **Claudia Nicoletti** nicoletc@unhcr.org | **Tetianna Luzan** - t.luzan@r2p.org.ua\n\nGender-Based Violence AoR: **Ekaterine Kristesashvili** kristesashvili@unfpa.org\n\nChild Protection AOR: **Ranjini Paskarasingam** rpaskarasingam@unicef.org\nMine Action AoR: **Guy Rhodes** guy.rhodes@undp.org | **Marie Dahan** marie.dahan@undp.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.826278567314148, - "start": 22, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9799880981445312, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8614551424980164, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9855589866638184, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9860223531723022, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ACLED incidents data", - "confidence": 0.8674954175949097, - "start": 371, - "end": 374 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ukraine National Mine Action Authority", - "confidence": 0.6189205646514893, - "start": 358, - "end": 363 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9551573395729065, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9399107694625854, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c08ff97-7526-4723-a0ad-96f353d09fc0/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_522/raw/doc_522_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_522/raw/doc_522_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d8e07628bf1291b4458de680105fe7c8c1179f73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_522/raw/doc_522_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,229 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Protection Analysis Update**\n## **June 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Report Summary\n\nThe objective of this report is to present an up-to-date analysis of the\nprotection situation in Ethiopia, including in the Northern parts of the\ncountry. The analysis has been carried out by the National Protection\nCluster with a view of identifying the most serious protection risks,\nimpacting the civilian population, in all conflict- and drought-affected\nareas. The report provides an overview of the current context, and\nhighlights five protection risks:\n\n\n1. Attacks on civilians and on civilian infrastructure;\n2. Gender and conflict-related sexual violence;\n3. Denial of resources, opportunities and services;\n4. Family and child separation; and\n5. Deprivation of liberty.\n\n\nAmong other recommendations, the report calls the Government of\nEthiopia and parties to the conflict to stop all attacks and violence\nagainst civilians, and ensure that adequate precautionary measures\nare taken to prevent as much as possible civilian casualties and\ndamage to civilian infrastructure. Safe and unhindered humanitarian\naccess of humanitarian supplies and personnel must be allowed and\nfacilitated. The report recommends to strengthen civil-military\ncoordination, to offer necessary training and technical assistance on\nthe basic rules of international humanitarian law, and to engage with\nactors who may positively influence the parties to the conflict to\nprotect civilians such as community and religious leaders.\n\n\nIn addition, the report calls the Government of Ethiopia to investigate\nall credible complaints of serious violations of human rights and\ninternational humanitarian law, including unlawful killings and\ngender-based violence (GBV) cases, to prosecute those responsible\nfor such abuses, and to support the survivors and their families.\nThose who were arbitrarily detained must be released, and those\nwho remain in custody, must be treated humanely and be able to\n\n\n\ncontact their family. The Government and other\ndetaining parties shall allow independent monitoring of the\nconditions in detention facilities.\n\n\nThe report further recommends to enhance protection monitoring\nand family tracing activities, to invest in livelihood interventions \u2013\nespecially for women and girls \u2013 and to address negative coping\nmechanisms. It also calls the Government of Ethiopia to expand its\nProductive Safety Net Program (PSNP) in order to support vulnerable\nhouseholds in drought-affected areas, and to strengthen local\ncapacities and partnerships with development actors to promote\nsustainable solutions in these areas.\n\n\n.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Methodology**_\n\n\nThe analysis has been developed by the National Protection Cluster\nin consultation with its sub-national protection clusters, Areas of\nResponsibility (AoR) of Child Protection, GBV and Mine Action, its\nHousing, Land and Property (HLP) Working Group, members of the\nStrategic Advisory Group (SAG) and Cluster\u2019s partners. It follows the\nProtection Analytical Framework (PAF) endorsed by the Global\nProtection Cluster in April 2021. The analysis is based on qualitative\nand quantitative data gathered by the Cluster from its partners in the\nfield, local and international NGOs and UN agencies, as well as on\nexpert knowledge and open-source material.\n\n\n_**Limitations**_\n\n\nThe analysis is not intended to be exhaustive. The complexity and\nscope of various shocks and protection concerns, rapid\ndevelopments on the ground, access restrictions, insecurity and\nlimited capacity \u2013 all hinder the ability of human rights and\nhumanitarian actors to fully identify, monitor and assess all incidents\nand their related protection risks. This report may therefore not\ncover all occurrences, but it rather draws attention to key protection\nconcerns and trends as of May 2022.\n\n### 1. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\n\nEthiopia has been in turmoil since 2018 when Abiy Ahmed, then the\nchairman of the Oromo Democratic Party, was appointed as Prime\nMinister. This political event has put an end to the dominance of the\nTigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) over the Ethiopian political\nlandscape which began in 1991 with the overthrow of the Derg\nregime.\n\n\n\nThe new Prime Minister and subsequent reforms have\nshaken the fragile ethnic-based federalism, exposing the underlying\ntensions in Ethiopian politics. These include the strained relations\nbetween the central Government and self-administered regions;\nrivalry between ethnic groups and regional powers striving for\ngreater influence within the national arena; and frustration and\ngrievances among ethnic groups living in regions dominated by an\nethnic majority. These long-lasting disputes and competition over\npolitical power, land and other resources have ultimately led to\nviolence, fuelling existing conflicts and resulting in a fully-fledged\ninternal war in Tigray and neighbouring regions.\n\n\nThe armed conflict in Tigray has been taking place since November\n2020 between Government forces and the Tigray forces. The\nEthiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) has been supported by\nAmhara and Afar regional forces and militias, as well as by Eritrea\ngovernment forces. The hostilities in Tigray have spilled over during\n2021 into the regions of Amhara and Afar. Despite a unilateral\nceasefire declared by the Government of Ethiopia in June 2021, there\nhas not been substantial de-escalation on the ground for many\nmonths. With Tigray forces making operational gains in Afar and\nAmhara and advancing south towards the capital Addis Ababa, the\nGovernment announced a State of Emergency in November 2021.\nThis announcement authorized the Government security forces to\ntake various measures of control against its citizens, including to\nrestrict their rights to freedom of movement, expression and\nassembly, and to carry out searches and arrests.\n\n\nWhile the State of Emergency has been formally lifted by the end of\nFebruary 2022, ongoing hostilities in Tigray and in other regions,\nclimate shocks and deteriorating economy continue to negatively\nimpact the living conditions of the civilian population in Ethiopia and\nto exacerbate humanitarian needs.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative\nand quantitative data", - "confidence": 0.6064152717590332, - "start": 91, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Indeed, in parallel to the conflict in Northern Ethiopia, separate\narmed conflicts take place in other regions, especially in Oromia and\nBenishangul Gumuz where Government forces are clashing with\ndifferent armed groups, in particular the Oromo Liberation Army\n(OLA-Shene). Inter-communal violence in other areas of the country,\nfor example in Somali and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and\nPeoples' (SNNP) regions, also remains a source of instability,\ndisplacement and human suffering. For example, violence between\nethnic communities in Amhara (North Shewa, Oromia Special zones),\nSomali (Sitti and Fafan zones) and SNNP (Konso and Bench Sheko\nzones) resulted in dozens of deaths and thousands of displaced\npersons since 2021.\n\n\nThe effects of ongoing conflict and inter-communal violence have\nbeen exacerbated by climate shocks, including erratic rainfalls and\ndevastating drought, reportedly the worst in 40 years. Ethiopia is\nhighly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and natural resources, and\nit is amongst the most vulnerable countries to climate change.\nFollowing three consecutive failed rainy seasons since late 2020, it is\nnow facing one of the most severe droughts in East Africa, with more\nthan 8 million people affected (as of April 2022) across the southern\nand south-eastern parts of the country, including Somali (more than\n3.5 million people affected), Oromia (more than 3.4 million), SNNP\n(more than 1.1 million) and South West (more than 200,000 people)\nregions.\n\n\nSerious and complex protection risks are caused or exacerbated by\nconflict and drought. The living conditions are negatively impacted\non a large scale due to rapid deterioration of livelihoods,\nopportunities and capacities, compounded by a volatile security\nenvironment which hinders the humanitarian effort to stop, or at\nleast mitigate, the resultant human suffering.\n\n\n##### **Conflict in Tigray fuels violence and tensions** **across the country**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 1 - Conflict events and reported fatalities_\n_(source: The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), https://acleddata.com)._\n\n\nFollowing the June 2021 unilateral ceasefire and withdrawal of\nGovernment forces from Tigray, the Federal Government has\nenforced a de-facto blockade on the passage of persons and supplies\nfrom/into Tigray (which only recently has been eased to some\ndegree). In parallel, Tigray forces have expanded their military\noperations to Afar and Amhara. Between June 2021 and April 2022,\nactive hostilities have been recorded in Tigray-Afar border, namely\nZone 2 and Zone 4 of Afar region, as well as in Amhara region, namely\nin North Wello, South and North Goundar and Wag Hamra.\n\n\nSince December 2021, the Government has gradually regained\ncontrol of areas in Amhara and Afar which were captured earlier in\n2021 by Tigray forces. Armed clashes, including heavy shelling and\nairstrikes, however continue between the parties in Tigray, Afar and\n\n- to a lesser extent \u2013 in Amhara, resulting in civilian casualties and\nthe displacement of thousands of families.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fatalities Battles\nProtests/Riots Violence against civilians\n\n\nTigray\n\nAmhara\nOromia\n\nBenshangul Gumuz\nAfar\n\nSomali\nSNNP\n\nSouth West\nGambela\n\nDire Dawa\n\nAddis Ababa\n\n\n0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000\n\n\n_Figure 2 - Conflict events per Region_\n_(source: The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), https://acleddata.com)_\n\n\nThe conflict has caused massive population movements, including\nwaves of displacement, secondary displacement and returnees trying\nto go back to affected areas in a continuous volatile environment. As\nof February 2022, a total of 4.51 million IDPs has been identified\nacross the country, with conflict and social tension being the reason\nfor the displacement of 3.8 million IDPs (85%) and drought leading to\nthe displacement of 420,887 IDPs (9%). [1]\n\n\nThe conflict in Northern Ethiopia has been fuelling long-lasting\ndisputes, competing claims over territory and aspirations for selfgovernance or greater influence over national politics and allocation\nof resources, thus increasing the tension between the central\nGovernment and regional structures, and among communities in\nother regions of the country.\n\n\n1 DTM, National Displacement Report 11 (December 2021-February 2022) (April 2022).\n\n\n\nIn Oromia and Benishangul Gumuz, non-state armed\ngroups carried out attacks on civilians, especially in the Wellegas and\nWest Guji zones (Oromia) and in Metekel zone (Benishangul Gumuz).\n\n\n_Figure 3 - Internal Displacement trends (source: HNO 2022)_\n\n\nThese attacks caused fatalities among the civilian population,\ndamage to private property and further displacement. Civilians are\ncaught in the crossfire or deliberately targeted for allegedly\nsupporting a rival party.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Intercommunal clashes over border disputes and competition over\nresources have been reported, for example, between West\nGuji/Oromo and Gedeo/Sidama peoples along the Oromia-Sidama\nregional border; between Derashe and ethnic Konso in SNNP region;\nbetween Afaris and Issa communities along the Somali-Afar border\n(Sitti zone); and in Amhara region between Qemant and Amhara\ncommunities in Central Gondar zone, as well as between ethnic\nOromo and ethnic Amhara communities in North Shewa and Oromia\nspecial zone. In late April, inter-religious violence has flared in several\nregions (Amhara, Afar, SNNP, Dire Dawa, Somali) following a series of\nattacks against Muslim communities in Gondar town (Amhara), and\nresulting in the burning of churches, mosques and private businesses.\n\n\nA number of positive de-escalation initiatives were reported recently,\nfor example the activation of a National Dialogue process or\nreconciliation ceremonies between communities in Benishangul\nGumuz. However, it seems too early to assess their impact given the\nfragile environment, unrealistic demands and other obstacles. For\ninstance, it is unclear to what extent the Federal Government is ready\nto negotiate with armed groups which are challenging its authority\nand legitimacy, noting that these groups are designated as \u2018terrorist\norganizations\u2019 under domestic law.\n\n##### **Living conditions are worsened by the climatic shock**\n\n\nThe effects of the volatile environment due to conflict and insurgency\nare currently worsened by the recurrent climatic shocks. The serious\ndrought is affecting about 8 million people, particularly in southern\nand south-eastern regions, including Somali, Oromia and SNNP.\nAccording to the latest HNO, around 1.5 million livestock have so far\ndied, and the remaining are weak and cannot produce enough milk.\nThe UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that\nfurther 10 million livestock are at risk. The already fragile livelihoods\n\n\n\nare compromised, accelerating food insecurity and\nmalnutrition, as well as inter-communal violence.\n\n\nTo access water in drought-affected areas, the population's last\nresort is either water trucking (according to the HNO, around 2.9\nmillion people require it in Somali and Oromia regions alone) or travel\nin search of either water or assistance.\n\n\nThis has resulted in a large number of children out of school, as well\nas vulnerable individuals (mainly older persons or those suffering\nchronic-illnesses) left alone by family members who travel in search\nof resources or assistance.\n\n\nAs a result of the severe weather conditions, the majority of the\npopulation, who is reliant on farming and livestock, has suffered\ncrops failing, loss of livelihood and livestock, and unsustainable\nincrease of cost of living. These effects, compounded by intercommunal tensions and widespread violence in different parts of the\ncountry, are leaving the civilian population with limited to no capacity\nto positively cope with the overall devastation.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Challenges or obstruction to the provision of assistance**\n\nEthiopia has a well-developed National Disaster Risk Management\nPolicy, and the Ethiopian Disaster Risk Management Commission\n(EDRMC) oversees its implementation. The EDRMC reports directly\nto the Prime Minister\u2019s Office, and although disaster risk\nmanagement is decentralized to regional authorities, the EDRMC\nhelps in setting up National Incident Management mechanisms\nincluding Emergency Coordination Centers (ECCs) and Incident\nCommand Posts (ICPs).\n\n\nThe EDRMC is thus the primary governmental agency when it comes\nto the provision and coordination of humanitarian assistance.\nNonetheless, in the current environment, the decentralized system\nof early warning, risk assessment and disaster management is not\nfully capable of delivering a Government-led, comprehensive and\ncoordinated response to save lives and protect livelihoods. This\napplies also to areas which are not hard-to-reach, nor are they\naffected by security risks.\n\n\nLimited government capacity is, however, not the only reason that\nboth the authorities and humanitarian community are struggling to\nkeep up with the deterioration of food security and living conditions.\nThe humanitarian response, especially in conflict-affected areas, is\nhindered by additional constraints, especially the damage caused to\ncivilian infrastructure, contamination of land by explosive remnants\nof war (ERW), the presence of armed elements and ongoing fighting.\n\n\nFurthermore, Government policies, inconsistent with the\nGovernment\u2019s obligations towards its own citizens under\ninternational law, present a major challenge to the provision of lifesaving assistance. In Northern Ethiopia, although the Government\nannounced in January 2022 new measures to facilitate humanitarian\nassistance, this announcement \u2013 similar to announcements made\nduring the past months \u2013 does not translate in practice to adequate\n\n\n\naccess and concrete steps which will allow the\nunimpeded passage of critical humanitarian supplies and authorized\npersonnel, including protection specialists, as required by\ninternational humanitarian law.\n\n\nDespite some improvement since the announcement of a\nhumanitarian truce at the end of March, namely the resumption of\nroad convoys into Tigray, the Federal Government continues to\nprevent, or tightly restrict, road transportation into and out of Tigray,\nas well as the supply of fuel, electricity, cash, telecommunication and\ninternet access. The humanitarian response, including moving food\nand medical items, as well as scaling up operations to newly affected\nareas, is severely hampered by these restrictions and by\nadministrative impediments concerning visas and work permits\nwhich delay staff recruitment and deployment. The recent\ncommitments of the Government to increasing UNHAS flights to\nTigray and to ease procedures have not taken full effect yet.\n\n\n_Figure 4 - Humanitarian Access May 2022 (source: OCHA)_\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since the start of April, some 350 trucks carrying aid have arrived at\nTigray along the Semera-Abala-Mekelle corridor through\nneighbouring Afar region. However, at the time of writing, aid\ndeliveries by road into Tigray remain far below what is required to\nmeet people's needs. Other major routes into Tigray remain blocked\ndue to insecurity and ongoing hostilities. Lack of supplies, fuel and\ncash is forcing humanitarian organizations, including mobile\nprotection, health and nutrition teams, to halt their operations,\ncurbing their capacity to distribute supplies, especially in remote\nareas. Transporters often refuse to travel given the risk of being\nstranded in conflict areas, especially as they do not have opportunity\nto refuel before heading back.\n\n\nFlight transportation alone is not sufficient for a sustained and\nefficient response. Airlift services are limited to small quantities,\nprioritizing as much as possible health and nutrition needs. Other\ncritical items, for example shelter materials, are more difficult to\ntransport, and the costs of airlift transportation are 25 times higher\nthan a truck convoy. [2]\n\n\nEven when life-saving supplies arrive in Mekele, the capital city of\nTigray, the restrictions on the use of cash have limited procurement\nand payment to service provides, as well as the payment of salaries\nto staff. Hence, in many cases there is not sufficient capacity to\ndeliver services, even when supplies are available, or to monitor their\ndistribution.\n\n\n2\nSee, for example, Samantha Power, of the US International Development Agency (USAID),\n7th April 2022, BBC.\n\n\n### 2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n##### **RISK 1: Attacks on civilians and on civilian infrastructure**\n\nArmed attacks are the most serious threat to civilians\u2019 life and\nphysical integrity. Public reports recorded about 8,500 fatalities in\nEthiopia in 2021, and more than 1,700 fatalities between January and\nMay of 2022 as a result of political violence across the country. While\na humanitarian truce between Government forces and Tigray forces\nwas announced on 24 March 2022, armed clashes continue in the\nTigray/Afar border. Other conflicts remain active in other regions,\nespecially in Oromia and Benishangul Gumuz. More than 700 deaths\nwere reported since March 2022, most of them in the context of the\ninsurgency in Oromia between non-State armed groups (mainly the\nOromo Liberation Army) and Government forces. It is estimated that\nthe number of fatalities throughout the country is significantly higher\ngiven the difficulty to collect more data and verify these figures.\n\n\nThe loss of life also means grave trauma and distress to victims,\nsurvivors and their families, loss of shelter and livelihood, family\nseparation, as well as increased exposure to violence and\nexploitation, for example, of those who have lost a caregiver or a\nbreadwinner.\n\n\nApart from civilian casualties, the widespread violence in Northern\nEthiopia and in other regions resulted in the destruction of homes,\nshops, warehouses, livestock, crops and other civilian property, as\nwell as risk of injury or death to anyone in the vicinity of unexploded\nordnance (UXO). While the exact numbers have been difficult to\nverify, casualty data reported by NGOs and local health facilities\nindicate an alarming rate of children victims of UXO-related\naccidents.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "According to the joint investigation by the Ethiopian Human Rights\nCommission (EHRC) and OHCHR, there is a high probability that all\nparties to the conflict in Northern Ethiopia have committed serious\nviolations of international human rights and international\nhumanitarian law. These include the deliberate targeting of civilians\nand civilian objects, indiscriminate attacks, failure to take sufficient\nprecautionary measures to protect the civilian population, and\nwidespread destruction of property. [3] Following the withdrawal of\nTigray forces from areas in Afar and Amhara, reports began to\nemerge regarding killings of civilians, rapes, and the large-scale\ndestruction of private property and essential infrastructure by Tigray\nforces.\n\n\nThe civilian population affected by these attacks includes displaced\ncommunities. IDP and refugee camps have been directly hit by\nairstrikes, including the Dedebit IDP camp and the Mai Aini refugee\ncamp in Tigray. Infrastructure and property, including schools, mills,\nwarehouses and factories have been damaged. Clashes also caused\ndeaths and injuries among IDPs while on the move, raising concerns\nregarding lack or insufficient precautionary measures taken by\nGovernment forces to minizine civilian loss or damage.\n\n\nAttacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, or the fear of such\nattacks, resulted in an increase in displacement. While the displaced\npopulation in Tigray is currently around 1.8M IDPs (44% in the North\nWestern zone), protracted displacement is also a major issue in other\nregions due to ongoing violence which impedes the process of\ndurable solutions. Around 410,000 IDPs are recorded in Benishangul\nGumuz region (regional authorities\u2019 estimation; around 25% in the\nWest Wollega zone), 300,000 in Afar (regional authorities\u2019\nestimation), 790,000 in Oromia, 460,00 in Amhara (around 90,000\n\n\n3\nReport of the EHRC - OHCHR Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations by all Parties to the\nConflict in the Tigray Region (3 November 2021).\n\n\n\nrecently displaced in eastern Amhara), while all other\nregions are experiencing fluctuating waves of IDPs. [4]\n\n\nIDPs arrive at displacement locations traumatized, exhausted, at\ntimes physically injured or having experienced separation from family\nmembers, loss of homes, documentation and other belongings. At\nthe points of arrival, they often have to deal with limited to no\nessential services and livelihood opportunities; a harsh reality which\nincreases their exposure to protection risks and possible tension with\nhost communities. Children are particularly affected, representing a\nvery high proportion of the overall IDP population.\n\n\nAs a result of various armed conflicts, including those occurred prior\nto the Northern conflict, around 1,056 square kilometres of land in\nEthiopia is estimated to be contaminated with landmines and\nexplosive remnants of war (ERWs) in 7 out of the 11 country\u2019s\nregions. The latest fighting, with its use of heavy artillery and\nwidespread shelling, has further contaminated areas in Northern\nEthiopia. ERWs pose a direct threat and also affect the ability to move\nfreely, to use the land for farming or building, or to return to the place\nof origin. Millions of civilians across Ethiopia, including refugees and\nIDPs, are living in constant fear for their safety and well-being, and\nare self-restricting their movements.\n\n\nAccess and security constraints, political and ethnic tensions, the\ndamage caused by armed conflict to civilian infrastructure and\nservices, including to the judicial system, and insufficient support\nprovided to survivors and witnesses, leave those who were harmed\nby attacks without an adequate remedy and further contribute to the\ngeneral lack of accountability.\n\n\nThe limited availability of specific protection services, such as child\nprotection and explosive ordnance marking and clearance, hinders\n\n\n4 DTM, National Displacement Report 11 (December 2021-February 2022) (April 2022).\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the ability to prevent, respond to and mitigate the consequences of\nattacks on already-vulnerable families and households.\n\n##### **RISK 2: Gender and conflict-related sexual violence**\n\n\nGender-based violence, specifically conflict-related sexual violence,\nhas been reported in the context of the Tigray conflict in November\n2020 and subsequent fighting in Amhara and Afar. The EHRC/OHCHR\njoint investigation has documented different forms of sexual violence\nagainst women and girls, including rape, gang rape and intentional\ntransmission of HIV, committed in Tigray by all parties involved in the\nconflict. Women and girls were targeted on the basis of their alleged\nor actual association \u2013 usually family ties \u2013 with members of the\nopposing armed forces. In some cases, family members witnessed, or\nwere forced to witnesses, the sexual abuse.\n\n\nDespite the number of cases and their severity which continue to\nemerge \u2013 and similar to the situation faced by survivors of conflictrelated attacks \u2013 the security conditions, breakdown of law and\norder, collapse of government services, erosion of livelihoods and\nmeans of subsistence, as well as displacement and damage to social\nsupport networks, access constraints and limited availability of\nhealth and protection specialists \u2013 all these hindered the ability to\nsupport survivors with quality services.\n\n\nThe conflicts in Tigray, Amhara, Afar, Benishangul Gumuz, Oromia\nand SNNP regions significantly increased GBV risks, especially for\nwomen and girls. According to the Health Cluster, 16,698 survivors of\nGBV accessed or were referred to medical services in 2021, with\nwomen and girls accounting for the majority of survivors. The actual\nnumber of GBV cases is probably higher given under-reporting of GBV\nboth at the national and sub-national levels, mainly due to stigma and\nfear of retaliation.\n\n\n\nNot everyone targeted with conflict-related sexual\nviolence (CRSV) survives. Those that do, specifically women and\nchildren, are highly vulnerable during movements and displacement,\nin particular when they also suffered the loss of the breadwinner or\nhead of household. The limited access to basic services, together with\nthe general inadequacy of shelters and housing facilities, increases\nexposure to GBV, exploitation and to negative coping mechanisms,\nsuch as sex work or early marriage. In Tigray, protection monitoring\nrecorded cases of survival sex due to lack of food and cash among\nfemale IDPs and refugees, particularly single women heading\nhouseholds.\n\n\nCases of intimate partner violence, sexual harassment, assault and\nrape, outside the context of conflict or in non-conflict areas, have\nbeen reported as well. For example, in Somali region which is\naffected by drought, more than 60 rape cases were reported at the\nOne Stop Center in Jigjiga in the first three months of 2022. It was\nsuggested that the risk of GBV increases in drought-affected areas as\nwomen and girls are forced to travel far distances to fetch water,\nwhile in other cases they are often left alone while family members\nare away looking for food or livelihood.\n\n\nAs noted, the systems in place, responsible for preventing GBV and\nproviding support to survivors and their families, are weak or\noverstretched. Clinical management of rape (CMR), psycho-social\nsupport, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment for sexually\ntransmitted infections (STI) are not accessible, both in terms of the\nnumber of facilities and quality of services. Existing GBV case\nmanagement, legal aid and referral services are also limited\nconsidering the number of individuals affected and the scope of their\nneeds. Lack of awareness of survivors\u2019 needs and of the available\nservices, stigma and harmful social norms that perpetuate gendered\nviolence leave survivors to bear the brunt of sexual violence with\nlimited to no support.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9932849407196045, - "start": 408, - "end": 410 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "recorded cases of survival sex", - "confidence": 0.8266428709030151, - "start": 410, - "end": 415 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray", - "confidence": 0.9687609672546387, - "start": 406, - "end": 407 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female IDPs and refugees", - "confidence": 0.852833092212677, - "start": 423, - "end": 427 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **RISK 3: Denial of resources, opportunities and services**\n\nIn conflict-affected areas, the damage to public facilities, including\nschools, health, markets and other essential services, has severely\ndisrupted access and availability of services. More than 2,000 Health\nfacilities are non-functional because of the ongoing conflicts, and\naround 11,393 schools are either fully or partially damaged. Around\n1.7M displaced children were out of school in 2021. [5]\n\n\nIn Tigray, the medical system is on the verge of collapse, also having\nto deal with the lack of fuel, electricity, communication, and banking\nservices. The de-facto blockade and Government-imposed\nrestrictions further impede access to critical supplies and services,\nincluding much needed medical items. This practice renders the\ndelivery of minimum health services to the local population\nimpossible, and humanitarian actors were forced to suspend lifesaving operations in light of these challenges.\n\n\nIn drought-affected areas, at least 1.5 million livestock have so far\ndied for lack of pasture and water _._ _[6]_ The drought has even damaged\nthe livelihood of families not usually living in a situation of poverty.\nIn some areas which are affected by both drought and conflict, for\nexample in Oromia region, communities are in a desperate situation\ngiven that the ongoing violence is preventing them from seeking\nalternatives. Insecurity and drought are limiting their ability to access\nland, harvest crops and engage in agricultural activities, while\ndestruction of essential agricultural infrastructure further decreased\nthe availability of resources, assets, seeds and tools.\n\n\nDrought and conflict, with the resultant inadequate access to critical\nservices, have led to further displacement. Still, according to the 2022\n\n\n5\nHNO 2022\n6\nOHCA, Ethiopia Drought update (April 2022).\n\n\n\nHNO, around 580,000 IDPs do not have any form of\nshelter, and access to civil documentation is challenging. IDPs who\ncannot present the relevant documentation face exclusion from\nessential services such as banking, employment,\ntelecommunications, and restriction of their freedom of movement.\nMost authorities are unwilling to issue documentation to IDPs, thus\nhindering the appropriate protection support to the displaced\npopulation.\n\n\nFamilies who have left their houses and assets, may find them upon\ntheir return occupied, vandalized, looted or damaged. Vulnerable\nhouseholds, including children, are increasingly resorting to harmful\nactivities to cope with the situation, including school drop-out, early\nmarriage, survival sex, begging, child labour and theft. Community\ntension, including between families and between communities, is\nalso on the rise given limited services and competition over\nresources.\n\n\nEthiopia has a functioning Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP)\nwhich has been instrumental to support poor households and\nfamilies during the COVID-19 pandemic. [7] The National Disaster Risk\nManagement Policy and the EDRMC are suitable mechanisms to\nsupport also the most vulnerable ones affected by conflict and\nclimatic shocks. Nonetheless, the authorities are currently struggling\nto address these challenges effectively, not only in Northern Ethiopia,\nbut also in conflict-affected areas in Oromia, Benishangul Gumuz and\nSNNP, as well as in drought-affected areas in Oromia and Somali.\n\n\nIndeed, even in areas that are _not_ hard-to-reach, the capacity to\nassist is limited compared to the needs. The number of supporting\nhumanitarian actors and their geographic coverage are both limited.\nIn addition, looting or blocking of trucks carrying supplies is still\n\n\n7\nIFPRI, https://www.ifpri.org/blog/ethiopias-social-safety-net-effective-limiting-covid-19impacts-rural-food-insecurity\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "recurrent; the presence of explosive ordnance reported by\npartners limits staff and population movements; and the lack of\nfunding negatively impacts the procurement of essential supply.\n\n##### **RISK 4: Family and child separation**\n\n\nThe conflict and de-facto blockade in Tigray, clashes in Amhara, Afar,\nBenishangul Gumuz and Oromia \u2013 and to a lesser extent the difficult\nliving conditions created by severe drought \u2013 all have led to the\nseparation of many families.\n\n\nParents and care caregivers have been separated from their children\nand other family members as a result of killings and attacks,\ndisplacement or economic and livelihood difficulties. Older persons\nand persons with disabilities have been left behind, at times\nabandoned by their family, as they were unable or unwilling to flee\ntheir homes. In those cases where the household remains femaleheaded, several consequences have been recorded, including the\nerosion of family livelihood, engagement in negative coping\nstrategies and increased vulnerability to gender-based or conflictrelated sexual violence.\n\n\nOne of the effects of conflict and its related displacement is the\nincrease in the number of unaccompanied and separated children\n(UASC). For example, a total of 9,330 UASC living in IDP sites and host\ncommunities has been identified by child protection partners in\nTigray as of March 2022. UASC suffer intense emotional distress,\nincreased risk of abuse, neglect, violence, exploitation, trafficking or\nforced recruitment into armed groups. Those who have been\nseparated from their family often experience significant barriers to\naccess humanitarian assistance, for example due to lack of civil\ndocumentation, inadequate access to information, safety issues or\nsocial exclusion.\n\n\n\nIn Tigray, unaccompanied children who are living by\nthemselves as heads of household face a number of barriers to\nessential support. For instance, they do not always have beneficiary\ncards required to receive assistance in their own names; they only\nhave limited access to cash; or may be deprioritized by foster or\ninterim caregivers, thus prevented from accessing food, health,\neducation or other services. They may be forced into hazardous work,\nbegging and illegal activities, while adolescent girls in particular may\nengage in transactional sex to meet their basic needs. Child\nprotection partners operating in Mekelle, Tigray, have observed\nchildren living and working in the streets.\n\n\nThe Government tends to offer non-family-based residential care for\nlarge numbers of UASC, an arrangement which does not provide the\nminimum technical or institutional capacity to properly address their\nneeds. The challenges highlighted earlier, such as lack of fuel and\ncash, and the disruption of communication services, impede the\nability of humanitarian actors to carry out family tracing activities and\nto support separated family members, including UASC.\n\n##### **RISK 5: Deprivation of liberty**\n\n\nThe joint investigation by EHRC and OHCHR concluded that there is a\nreasonable ground to believe that arbitrary detentions, abductions\nand enforced disappearances have been perpetrated by all parties to\nthe Tigray conflict.\n\n\nIDPs fleeing western Tigray, which is controlled by Amhara regional\nforces and militias since the beginning of the conflict, have been\nreporting mass arrests of ethnic Tigrayan young men. Those in\ndetention were reportedly subjected to harsh conditions, including\ntorture, starvation, and denial of medical care. It was further\nreported that 160 youths from Raya ethnic group in Alamata,\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "southern Tigray, were abducted by Tigray forces in March 2022 to be\nforcibly recruited as fighters. [8]\n\n\nBoth Government forces and Tigray forces have captured members\nof the opposing party and are holding them in detention. In May\n2022, Tigray forces released more than 4,200 persons (400 women)\npreviously detained in connection with the conflict. Sick and seriously\ninjured detainees, as well as women who gave birth while in\ndetention, were prioritized.\n\n\nCases of arbitrary detention, abductions and enforced\ndisappearances have been reported in other regions as well, for\nexample in Afar and Amhara between September and December\n2021. [9] The EHRC reported that 145 people were abducted by armed\ngroups in Benishangul Gumuz in October 2021. Many of those\narrested and taken by security forces or armed groups remain\nunaccounted for.\n\n\nFollowing the November 2021 Government declaration of a State of\nEmergency, mass arrests of ethnic Tigrayans took place across the\ncountry, including in Addis Ababa. Large-scale arrests of civilians,\nincluding journalists and humanitarian workers, for their alleged\nsupport of the Tigray forces or the Oromia Liberation Army, have also\nbeen reported in other areas, especially in Oromia. Indeed, the State\nof Emergency allowed the authorities to arrest or detain any person,\nwithout a warrant, based on a \u201creasonable suspicion\u201d of cooperation\nwith \u201cterrorist groups\u201d. Based on this authorization, thousands were\nreportedly arrested without any evidence of them cooperating with\narmed groups, supporting terrorism or posing any threat to\nGovernment forces and Ethiopia\u2019s national security.\n\n\nAccording to EHRC, unlawful detentions continue despite the lifting\nof the State of Emergency on 15 February 2022. Individuals are often\n\n\n8\nACAPS, March 2022 (citing ACLED).\n\n\n\ndetained due to their perceived affiliation with a party\nto the conflict and held incommunicado for long periods without\nformal charges or legal proceedings. In a more recent development,\nmore than 4,500 persons, including journalists and political activists,\nwere arrested in Amhara during May 2022 as part of the\nGovernment\u2019s crackdown on Fano militia.\n\n\nWhile arbitrary detentions are prevalent, monitoring their\noccurrence \u2013 as well as the fate and condition of those who have\nbeen detained \u2013 is, however, difficult due to the denial of access and\ninformation by the detaining parties or the general insecurity and\nvolatile situation which impede such access.\n\n\nThose who were arbitrary detained, abducted or disappeared by\nsecurity forces or armed groups, and their family members, face the\nrisk of torture and other ill-treatment, including psychological\ntrauma. When the detention is not acknowledged by the detaining\nparty or when detainees are held without contact with the outside\nworld, the families live with the constant worry of not knowing the\nwhereabouts of their loved ones.\n\n\nFinally, when a family member has been detained, the household\nmay become a single-headed one. The spouse or relatives are forced\nto raise and support the children and other family members alone.\nBearing the related economic burden, they are becoming more\nvulnerable to poverty and exploitation.\n\n\n9\nReport on Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law in Afar and\nAmhara Regions of Ethiopia, EHRC, March 2022.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 3. RESPONSE\n\n##### 3.1 Protection Cluster: Responses Provided Protection operational presence as of April 2022 # of beneficiates reached by regions (Jan- April 2022)\n\n\n\n**HLP**\n\n\n**GP**\n\n\n**GBV**\n\n\n**CP**\n\n\n##### Population reached as of April 2022\n\n\n\n- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000\n\n\n\n\n##### 3.2 Funding Data Funding snapshot (as of May 2022)\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 4. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\n**RISK 1:** Attacks on civilians and on civilian infrastructure\n\n\n**To the Parties to the conflicts** taking place in Ethiopia:\n\ni) Cease all attacks and violence against civilians, including attacks\nagainst military targets which are expected to cause\ndisproportionate damage to civilians and civilian objects;\nii) Ensure precautionary measures are taken to prevent as much as\npossible civilian casualties and damage to civilian\ninfrastructures, such as medical clinics, schools, food production\nand humanitarian facilities;\niii) Preserve the civilian nature of civilian infrastructures and\n\nhumanitarian facilities, and avoid placing any military assets\nnearby schools, IDP and refugee camps;\niv) Facilitate the deployment of protection monitors to these sites\n\n(\u2018\u2019protection by presence\u201d);\nv) Investigate all suspected abuses, including complaints regarding\nunlawful killings and GBV committed by armed forces, prosecute\nthose responsible, and provide adequate remedy and support to\nsurvivors and their families.\n\n**To Donors and the humanitarian community** :\n\ni) Strengthen civil-military coordination to address any concerns\nand enable immediate action to protect civilians and\nhumanitarian personnel;\nii) Enhance programs to support survivors and their families,\nexpand protection monitoring activities and protection by\npresence, and strengthen coordination mechanisms, including\nthe protection cluster;\n\n\n\niii) Document possible human rights violations and\n\nrefer to appropriate bodies (authorities, national HR\nCommission, OHCHR);\niv) Offer and support training to armed forces on basic IHL rules;\nv) Engage with armed actors and strengthen relationship with\nthose who can positively influence armed actors such as\npolitical, community and religious leaders;\nvi) Advocate for increased humanitarian access for Mine Action\n\noperators to assess the contamination threat, mark and remove\nexplosive remnants of war;\nvii) Develop and disseminate information among the civilian\n\npopulation regarding safety behaviour during airstrikes and\ndrone attacks.\n\n**To Mine Action actors** :\n\ni) Carry out threat assessments and scale up explosive ordnance\nrisk education for at-risk populations;\nii) Conduct survey and, when appropriate, marking and clearance\nactivities in potentially contaminated areas.\n\n**RISK 2:** Gender and conflict-related sexual violence\n\n\n**To the Parties to the conflicts** taking place in Ethiopia:\n\ni) Prevent and stop all GBV by armed personnel against civilians,\nespecially women and girls, including by providing the necessary\ntraining to their forces, investigate all complaints and take\naccountability measures against those involved;\nii) Encourage safe reporting of GBV cases, protect the safety and\nwell-being of survivors and provide them with the necessary\nsupport;\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**To donors and humanitarian actors** :\n\ni) Continue to support GBV response and the capacity of existing\nstructures, prioritizing under-served areas and focusing on core\nGBV services (health, case management, psychosocial support,\nlegal aid, safety and security), including the opening of one-stop\ncenters and safe houses;\nii) Ensure protection mainstreaming within all sectors, and that all\ninterventions are informed by robust analysis of GBV risks and\ngender aspects;\niii) Support awareness raising and capacity-building activities,\n\nincluding working with service providers, educators, religious\nand community leaders, to prevent and stop GBV, as well as\npromote safe reporting and counter social stigma;\niv) Ensure adequate funding for GBV in the HRP as well as longer\nterm funding for sustainability linked to Humanitarian\nDevelopment & Peace Nexus;\nv) Invest in livelihood interventions for women and girls to address\nnegative coping mechanisms such as survival sex, early\nmarriages and to ease re-integration of GBV survivors;\nvi) Support access to justice for GBV survivors and accompany the\n\nInter-ministerial Task Force (IMTF) SGBV sub-Committee to\nimplement their action plan;\nvii) Support inclusion and empowerment of local women-led\n\norganizations, national associations, and community-based\nactors in the safe delivery of core GBV and protection responses\nand other forms of humanitarian aid to conflict-affected\nindividuals, groups, and hard-to-reach communities.\n\n**RISK 3:** Denial of resources, opportunities and services\n\n\n**To the parties to the conflicts** taking place in Ethiopia **:**\nAdhere to their obligations under international law to facilitate safe\nand unhindered humanitarian access in all conflict areas, especially\n\n\n\nin the Tigray region, ensuring an enabling\nenvironment for the delivery of life-saving assistance.\n\n**To the Government of Ethiopia** :\n\ni) Resume transportation, telecommunication, fuel and bank\nservices in Tigray;\nii) Minimize bureaucratic requirements, including those\nconcerning visas and permits, in order to facilitate the rapid\ndeployment of humanitarian supplies and personnel, and to\nensure adequate and safe access of the civilian population to\ncritical services and assistance;\niii) Expand the country\u2019s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) or\n\na similar scheme to support vulnerable HHs in drought-affected\nareas, or in other areas where there are no security-related\naccess constraints;\niv) Strengthen partnerships with development actors to find\n\nsustainable solutions in drought-affected areas.\n\n**To donors and humanitarian leadership** :\n\ni) Advocate for access, ensuring the safety of humanitarian\npersonnel and acceptance and respect of humanitarian\nprinciples;\nii) Maintain and increase access negotiations to enable protection\nby presence and protection activities which require sustained\npresence on the ground.\n\n\n**RISK 4:** Family and child separation\n\n\n**To the Government of Ethiopia** :\n\ni) Support and facilitate family tracing and case management,\nchildren care arrangements and social services, including by\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resuming fuel, transportation, communication and cash\nservices;\nii) Prioritize family-based care arrangements over long-term\nresidential care of children.\n\n**To donors and humanitarian actors** :\n\ni) Support and prioritize \u2013 including by multi-year funding \u2013 family\ntracing activities and support to separated family members,\nincluding UASC;\nii) Collaborate with child protection actors to ensure safe\nidentification of children in need and provision of services and\nhumanitarian assistance;\niii) Expand capacity-building of child protection actors, including of\n\nlocal authorities.\n\n**RISK 5:** Deprivation of liberty\n\n\n**To the Parties to the conflicts** taking place in Ethiopia:\n\ni) Release all persons arbitrarily detained or abducted;\nii) Allow access to detention facilities and independent monitoring\nof the conditions in such facilities;\niii) Provide information on the fate of those held in detention, and\n\nallow them to contact their families, including with the support\nof the ICRC.\n\n**To donors and humanitarian leadership**, advocate for:\n\ni) Respect of international law and standards governing detention\nduring armed conflict, including for the protection of the safety\nand well-being of all detainees;\nii) Access to detention facilities and to detainees by independent\nmonitors.\n\n\n\n**To Humanitarian actors** :\n\ni) Enhance family tracing and the support of vulnerable HHs;\nii) Advocate for consistent, safe and continuous monitoring of\ndetention facilities by independent bodies, such as the EHRC,\nOHCHR and the ICRC.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c123738-877c-49e0-9b2f-d9acc17c3c95/PAU_Ethiopia_FINAL-17.6.2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_523/raw/doc_523_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_523/raw/doc_523_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e6b0eb4ee18a2b1d653f972cde2e250def75acf6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_523/raw/doc_523_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,603 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## LEBANON POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING REPORT: CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS IN LEBANON (JAN-MAR 2016)\n\nMay 2016\n\n## HIGHLIGHTS\n\n\n- The no show rate for card distribution increased significantly in the reporting period,\nreaching 28%, compared to 10% in the previous quarter.\n\n\n- Withdrawal transactions and feedback continues to show that cash recipients withdraw\ntheir allowance soon after the transfer is completed.\n\n\n- Refugees face few challenges in getting the cash through ATMs.\n\n\n- Cash assistance predominantly goes to pay for food and rent.\n\n\n- Cash assistance is not sufficient to meet all needs. Fifty-nine percent of cash recipients\nhave to take on additional debt in order to cope, and 20% reduce the amount of food\nconsumed. However, a majority of respondents report that cash assistance helps them a\ngreat deal to meet their basic needs.\n\n\n- Complaint and response mechanisms have not captured significant protection concerns\nrelated to the delivery of cash, although there are isolated cases of fraud and\nexploitation.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LEBANON POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9951537847518921, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6704796552658081, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.9937530159950256, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8755677342414856, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "cash recipients", - "confidence": 0.8619688749313354, - "start": 57, - "end": 59 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\n# INTRODUCTION\n\n### Purpose\n\nUNHCR started providing multipurpose cash assistance (MCAP) to vulnerable Syrian refugees in August 2014. As of\nMarch 2016, more than 20,000 households were receiving a monthly payment of $175 in order to help families meet\ntheir basic needs. UNHCR undertook a number of steps to analyze the effectiveness of the cash transfers and to assess\nhow reliably and efficiently beneficiaries were accessing the assistance they were entitled to. This post-distribution\nmonitoring report summarizes those findings and the actions taken in response.\n\n### Methodology\n\n\nThis post-monitoring report relies on several quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate the process,\nperformance and impact of the cash based interventions (CBI) undertaken between January and March 2016,\ncontrasting these with the results obtained in the post-distribution monitoring report covering October to December\n2015. The monitoring exercise focused on the following areas:\n\n\n- The distribution process, from the distribution of the cash card and PINs to the redemption of cash assistance;\n\n\n- The impact of cash assistance for the beneficiaries;\n\n\n- The reporting of complaints and problems associated with cash assistance and the response mechanisms in place to\nhandle them.\n\n\nData was collected from UNHCR\u2019s cash database, bank reports, a randomized phone survey of nearly 300 households in\n2015 as well as an additional 1,046 households in March 2016, and reports and observations from the field offices.\n\n# FINDINGS\n\n### Inclusion and distribution monitoring\n\n\nThis section provides an overview of the inclusion of beneficiaries into cash assistance, and the ATM card distribution\nprocess. From the start of the year, 2,869 households were included in the MCAP program, while 1,761 were removed,\nreaching a total of 20,321 by the end of March 2016, including 400 families of Iraqi or other nationality. Families may be\nremoved from cash assistance if they are confirmed to have left the country,\nhave failed to withdraw any cash assistance for two cycles, or need to be\n\nTargeting\n\nprofiled with a household visit. The latter category accounts for the high\nnumber of exclusions in March (see subsequent section). At the same time in Multipurpose cash assistance is\nMarch, UNHCR included households who were determined to be severely provided to families that have been\nvulnerable according to the targeting criteria. [1] UNHCR will routinely include assessed as economically vulnerable\nnewly identified severely vulnerable households for the rest of the year. through an inter-agency assessment\nCurrently, all households determined to be severely vulnerable are being conducted by UNHCR or partners.\nassisted with cash assistance from UNHCR, the Lebanese Cash Consortium\n(LCC), or another cash actor.\n\n\nRefugees from Iraq and other countries, however, are removed and included through a process determined by a multifunctional team which reviews monthly each case to determine eligibility for assistance. UNHCR is moving toward\ndeveloping a system for determining vulnerability which is similar to the approach for Syrian refugees.\n\n\nCard distribution\n\n\n1\nA family\u2019s economic vulnerability is determined using a household profiling questionnaire. There are four vulnerability categories: severely, highly, mildly and least.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n2\n\n\n\nTargeting\n\n\n\nMultipurpose cash assistance is\nprovided to families that have been\nassessed as economically vulnerable\nthrough an inter-agency assessment\nconducted by UNHCR or partners.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9999083280563354, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.594382107257843, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8351650834083557, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9889065027236938, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8389007449150085, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7354437708854675, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "post-distribution monitoring report", - "confidence": 0.9819287061691284, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of complaints and problems", - "confidence": 0.5274260640144348, - "start": 201, - "end": 206 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6645575761795044, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9053430557250977, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7798410058021545, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8458991646766663, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7073940634727478, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "bank reports", - "confidence": 0.5039407014846802, - "start": 230, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of complaints and problems", - "confidence": 0.5366281270980835, - "start": 201, - "end": 206 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.621272087097168, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.749112069606781, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessment", - "confidence": 0.6481395959854126, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5789281725883484, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7056024670600891, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessment", - "confidence": 0.9891595244407654, - "start": 609, - "end": 611 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nOn average during this reporting period, 28% of the newly included families did not collect their ATM cash card. [2] The noshow rate more than doubled compared to the no-show rate from the fourth quarter 2015. UNHCR remains very\nconcerned over the increase in the number of no-shows and is currently evaluating the causes. This is an unexpected\ndevelopment since nearly all of the newly included families were only recently visited and profiled, and therefore, the\ncontact details should be up to date. There is more than likely a lapse in the process for updating the phone contact\ndetails.\n\n#### Households Receiving Cash Assistance (Jan-Mar) All nationalities\n\n\n\n21,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n19,000\n\n\n18,000\n\n\n17,000\n\n\n16,000\n\n\n15,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar\n\n\n\nInclusion vs. Exclusion Jan \u2013 Mar 2016\n\n\nRemoval Inclusion\n\n\n2,000 1,000 0 1,000 2,000\n\n\n\nDistribution vs. No show Jan \u2013 Mar 2016\n\n\nDistributed No show\n\n\n0 100 200 300 400\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\nBeneficiaries are recorded as a \u201cno-show\u201d only after three consecutive attempts to contact the household by SMS, household visit and outreach.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n### Redemption of cash assistance\n\n\nMore than $10.6 million was provided to refugee families in the first quarter of the year. The redemption (withdrawal)\nmonitoring looks at the overall account balances over time, to see how quickly beneficiaries redeem cash assistance and\nif there are frequently standing balances in the accounts. The graph below, looking at 10 day increments, indicates that\nthe vast majority of the money is withdrawn directly following the transfer of monthly cash assistance, with the lowest\nbalance, cumulative from all beneficiary accounts, of $1,996 reached on 10 February. In total during the first three\nmonths of the year, $27,865 was refunded to UNHCR due to non-withdrawal over an extended period.\n\n\nRedemption of monthly cash assistance\n\n\n\n$7\n$6\n$5\n$4\n$3\n$2\n$1\n$0\n\n### Issues with cash withdrawal\n\n\nInformation about receipt of funds\n\n\n\nUploads\n\n\nTotal Balance (USD)\n\n\n\nThe bank and UNHCR inform refugees of their cash beneits via SMS, the method of communication preferred by\nrefugees. The telephone survey [3] indicated that 99% of cash beneficiaries received the SMS informing them that the cash\nassistance was transferred and is available for withdrawal\n\nTransportation cost for withdrawing cash assistance\n\nat the nearest ATM. Only 1% replied that they learned this\nfrom their neighbors. This rate was even higher than the Nov \u2013 Dec 2015 and Jan \u2013 Mar 2016 (USD)\n97% of cash beneficiaries who reported receiving the SMS\nfor the period of November and December 2015. [4] When\nasked if beneficiaries know how much money is uploaded\nevery month, 6% reported they were unaware of the\namount. Of the 94% who stated that they were aware of\nthe amount, 24% think they are receiving more assistance\nthan the correct amount, and 2% believe that they are\nreceiving less.\n\n\n\nTransportation cost for withdrawing cash assistance\n\n\n\nNov \u2013 Dec 2015 and Jan \u2013 Mar 2016 (USD)\n\n\n\nChallenges with withdrawing funds\n\n\nThe majority of recipients (79%) were able to withdraw the\nmoney without any additional assistance for the January March 2016 period. Only 3% of respondents described\ndifficulties in withdrawing money; of those who faced\ndifficulties, over half noted that the card was captured by\nthe machine. Other problems included bank restrictions\n(limited hours or not allowed to use the ATM), requiring\n\n\n3 A randomized sample of 1,046 households answered a phone survey for the PDM covering January to March 2016.\n\n\n4 A randomized sample of 293 households answered a phone survey for the PDM covering November and December 2015.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9980400204658508, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6760621666908264, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9941009879112244, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.9583330154418945, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cash withdrawal\n\n\nInformation about receipt of funds", - "confidence": 0.5510002970695496, - "start": 172, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.731938362121582, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6774235367774963, - "start": 268, - "end": 269 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "cash beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9587259888648987, - "start": 217, - "end": 219 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Transportation cost for withdrawing cash assistance", - "confidence": 0.8635436296463013, - "start": 359, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.688671886920929, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8255596160888672, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.6550767421722412, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "phone survey", - "confidence": 0.8041283488273621, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8521168231964111, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9026390314102173, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9814303517341614, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nassistance from another person, not knowing where the bank is, and forgetting the PIN.\n\n\nOverall, 94% of beneficiaries rated the ease with which they collect cash as \u201cVery Easy\u201d or \u201cEasy\u201d, while for a further 6%\nof respondents it was \u201cNot Easy at All.\u201d\n\n\nHowever, during this reporting period UNHCR and partners continued to receive reports, largely from Bekaa, of being\nthe victims of a criminal scheme to defraud them of their card, pin number, and cash. UNHCR has followed up on this\nissue with the local authorities and the banks involved.\n\n\nTransportation costs\n\n\nAccording to the survey results, 22% of recipients surveyed for November-December and 16% of recipients for January \u2013\nMarch did not incur a cost to withdraw the monthly cash assistance. The majority, however, spent less than $3.5 in\ntransportation costs to reach an ATM.\n\n\nNumber of withdrawals\n\n\nThe vast majority of beneficiaries (98%) reported withdrawing all of the money at one time. The remaining 2% described\nwithdrawing multiple times for reasons such as security and safety, needing to withdraw all the money (implying this\nwas not possible in a single withdrawal), and wanting to keep savings.\n\n### Use of cash assistance\n\n\nCard use and management\n\n\nDuring card distribution, UNHCR and partner staff provide information on how to access and use the ATM machines.\nEighty percent of respondents rated the information session on how to use the card as \u201cVery Useful,\u201d 18% considered it\n\u201cSomewhat helpful\u201d and 2% as \u201cNot Helpful\u201d Ninety five percent answered that they received a leaflet on how to use\nthe card. Only 2% of respondents indicated having lost an ATM card. In the case of a lost card, 81% reported this to\nUNHCR, 15% to the bank, and 4% did not undertake any action.\n\n\nThe ATM card is kept by male heads of households in 63% of cases, and by female heads of households in 33% of cases.\nAssistance is usually withdrawn by male heads of household (65%) followed by female heads of household (26%).\nDecisions on spending followed a similar trend, with 61% of households reporting that the male head of household\nmakes the decisions on spending the cash assistance, whereas in 37% of households, it is the female head of household.\nOnly two out of the 1,046 respondents to the survey mentioned that assistance has caused disagreement in the family\nabout how to spend the money, while 9 respondents (1%) mentioned that assistance has caused conflict with some\nmembers of the community. According to 7% of respondents, merchants increased prices.\n\n\nCurrently, who keeps the card? Usually, who withdraws assistance? Who makes decisions about spending?\n\n\n\n3%1%\n\n\nMale head of household\n\n\nFemale head of household\n\n\nFemale member of the family\n\n\nMale member of the family\n\n\n\n5% 3% 1%\n\n\nMale head of household\n\n\nFemale head of household\n\n\nMale member of the family\n\n\nFemale member of the\nfamily\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\nMale head of household\n\n\nFemale head of household\n\n\nTogether with other family\nmembers\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9928399324417114, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6901035308837891, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9724695682525635, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.8958655595779419, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Expenditures\n\n\nThe most frequently mentioned uses of cash\nassistance were the purchase of additional\nfood and rental costs. Both for the period of\nNovember \u2013 December 2015 (35% of\nrespondents) and January \u2013 March 2016\n(34%), the purchase of additional food was\nthe most frequently mentioned usage of cash\nassistance, followed by rental costs as\nreported by 33% of respondents in November\n\n- December 2015 and 27% of respondents in\nJanuary \u2013 March 2016. Survey respondents for\nthe period January \u2013 March 2016 cited debt\nrepayment (14%) as expenditures which were\nnot mentioned prominently among\nbeneficiaries receiving assistance in\nNovember \u2013 December 2015. Heating costs\nhave similarly decreased, from 13% in\nNovember \u2013 December to 8% for the period\nJanuary \u2013 March 2016. Survey respondents\nwho were asked about spending of targeted\nwinter assistance [5] listed heating material as\nan expense in 45% of respondents.\n\n\nCoping mechanisms\n\n\n\nPost-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nUse of cash assistance: Frequency of respondents who described\nexpenditures in each area\n\n\n\nMultipurpose cash assistance is explicitly\ntargeted to families who are economically\nvulnerable. Of the households participating in\nthe survey, 45% report that they have no\nsource of income other than multipurpose\ncash assistance; 35% report occasional work to provide intermittent income; and 20% report having another,\nunspecified source of income. It should be taken into consideration, however, that refugees may under-report\nemployment fearing consequences if they are working without a legal work permit.\n\n\nThe most prevalent coping strategy described among survey respondents was to take on additional debt, mentioned by\n59% of refugees surveyed, with another 12% receiving assistance from relatives. Another 20% reduced food\nconsumption in order to meet basic needs.\n\n\n5 UNHCR and partners provided financial assistance, among other initiatives, to refugees eligible for food assistance, highly socioeconomically vulnerable, and living at altitude. This targeted assistance provided $100 or $147 per month depending on altitude\nfrom November 2015 until March 2016.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.8360963463783264, - "start": 86, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6392953991889954, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5764259696006775, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.8691450953483582, - "start": 171, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6167743802070618, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9932848215103149, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9342721104621887, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In your opinion, how much has the\nmonthly cash assistance enabled you to\nmeet your basic needs?\n\n\n6% [1%]\n\n\nA great deal A little\n\n\nNot much Not at all\n\n### Information dissemination\n\n\n\nPost-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nHow do you manage to meet basic needs (% mentioning a specific coping strategy,\nnon-cumulative)?\n\n\n\nOther\n\n\nSell Assets\n\n\nHigh Risk Job\n\n\nCheap shelter\n\n\nTravel abroad\n\n\nNo Problem\n\n\nHelp from Relatives\n\n\nEat Less\n\n\nDebt\n\n\n\n|1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
12%
20%
59%|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%\n\n\n\nThe provision of important information to the card recipients is a key component of the card distribution process. Card\nrecipients are provided general information on the cash assistance program and instructions on how to use the ATM\ncard. UNHCR also provides information on how to contact UNHCR or the bank, CSC, in case any problems are\nencountered. Of the families who receive cash assistance, 67% knew how to contact UNHCR in case they face problems\nwith cash assistance; on the other hand, 12% were not aware of how to contact UNHCR or the bank. A further 12%\nsimply stated they had had no problems with the cards. All distributed cards featured the number of the bank hotline\nservice available to refugees for ATM card management issues.\n\n\nFor future communication, over 70% listed SMS as the preferred means of contact, followed by a phone call for 29%,\nand in person for the remaining 1%. These results may also reflect the fact that the survey exclusively targeted families\nwith working phones, and will not reflect the communication preferences of households who do not have a working\nphone.\n\n### Special focus: Education\n\n\nUNHCR takes advantage of the telephone contact with refugee families to ask questions related to their situation\nunrelated to multipurpose cash assistance. In 2016, UNHCR included several questions with a focus on education. The\nresults showed that among MCAP recipients with school aged children (90% of those surveyed), 45% of households\nhave school aged children who do not attend school. While interesting, only a much more in depth study would be able\nto determine whether there is any correlation between receiving cash assistance and school attendance.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Do you have children between the ages of 6 and 14\nyears?\n\n\n0%\n\n\nYes No I prefer not to answer\n\n\nIf not in any school, is one or more child working?\n\n\nYes No\n\n\n\nPost-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nIf yes, are they all in public schools?\n\n\n\nSome of them go to a Syrian\ncurriculum school\n\n\nThey all go to a Syrian curriculum\nschool\n\n\nSome of them go to public\nschool\n\n\nNone of them go to school\n\n\nAll of them go to public school\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### Feedback and Response Mechanism focus on cash\n\n\n\nMost frequent complaints\nthat are received regularly\nand dealt with by field staff:\n\n\n- When will my card be loaded?\n\n\n- Why was my card not loaded\nfor this month?\n\n\n- When is the last month to\nreceive cash assistance?\n\n\n- I lost my card/pin. My card\nwas swallowed by the ATM\nmachine. What should I do?\n\n\n\nThe UNHCR operation has a feedback and response mechanisms in place at the\nfield level (Beirut, Bekaa, Tyre, Akkar and Tripoli). Most of the refugees\u2019\ncomplaints are submitted through complaint boxes located in the reception area\nat the registration centers, through the hotlines or walks-in at the field offices. As\nstandard practice, the complaint boxes are opened on a weekly basis and their\ncontent is reviewed by the Head of Field Office.\n\n\nThe received complaints are recorded and shared with the responsible staff for\ntheir follow-up provided that they do not contain confidential information or\nfraud/misconduct allegations, which are dealt with separately according to\nexisting UNHCR standards.\n\n\nThe field offices reported receiving various complaints, mostly related to food or\ncash assistance programs (and winterization during the Nov-Feb period), shelter,\nas well as protection needs. Most complaints related to cash based assistance\nare directed to the hotline operator.\n\n\n\n\n- Am I eligible to receive\nassistance?\n\n\n\nIn some offices, complaints are reported to protection desks, MoSA, ROVs, and\ncommittees. These complaints are shared with Field staff for compilation. Field\nstaff then share these complaints with relevant focal persons for follow up as needed. The following snapshot\ndemonstrates how frequently different categories of complaints are lodged.\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\n\nSafety and\ndignity\n\n\nAccess\n\n\nData\nprotection\nand\nbeneficiary\nprivacy\n\n\nSocial\nrelations:\nhousehold\nand\ncommunity\ndynamics\n\n\nSafety and dignity\n\n\n\nTheft, looting,\nextortion:\n\n\nRare\n\n\nLack of freedom\nof movement to\ncollect and use\ncash assistance:\n\n\nNever/rare\n\n\nHousehold has\nbeen exposed to\nviolence,\ndetainment and\nor discrimination:\n\n\nNever\n\n\nInter-generational\nviolence:\n\n\nRare/never\n\n\n\nLack of knowledge\nusing ATM cards:\n\n\nOften\n\n\nUnequal\ndistribution of cash\nwithin the\nhousehold:\n\n\nRare/never\n\n\nThreats to personal\nsecurity due\npersonal data had\nbeen exposed:\n\n\nRare/never\n\n\nGender based\nviolence:\n\n\nRare/never\n\n\n\nTargeting\nexclusion and\ninclusion errors:\n\n\nOften\n\n\nInter-group\ntensions with host\ncommunity: i.e\nincreased prices:\n\n\nRare/never\n\n\n\n\n- Field offices reported very few cases of theft of ATM cards. However, Bekaa reported a number of instances of card\nand pin theft which allowed the perpetrator to withdraw the recipients\u2019 funds.\n\n\n- The most frequent complaints or concerns raised relate to how people are included in the cash assistance program,\nand complaints from individuals who have been removed from cash or food assistance.\n\n\n- Reports indicate that the eligibility criteria for cash and food assistance are often not fully understood.\n\n\nAccess\n\n\n- Field offices in the North reported that some families are having problems accessing ATM machines due to areas that\nare inaccessible, while other field offices indicated that this is not a problem.\n\n\n- Field offices reported few cases where cash assistance was retained by one member of the household. UNHCR has\nno indication whether this is a cause or contributing factor to disputes within the household.\n\n\n- Reports of unequal distribution of cash within the household often refer to instances of polygamous marriages.\n\n\n- Persons with specific needs (deafness, blindness), may have difficulty accessing assistance.\n\n\nData protection and beneficiary privacy\n\n\n- No complaints or feedback received that indicated a breach of privacy or that personal data has been exposed to\nthird parties.\n\n\nSocial relations: household and community dynamics\n\n\n- No feedback and reports indicated that cash assistance is associated with gender based violence. Few complaints are\nindicating that families receiving cash assistance are subject to paying more money to cover basic needs in shops.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash-Based Interventions in Lebanon\n\n\nCSC Call Center\n\n\nIn addition, cash recipients may call the bank directly in case they have any issues with their ATM card. During this\nreporting period, however, CSC only received 25 calls related to a lost card or pin or to report a change in phone\nnumber. The decline in the number of calls made to the bank may be attributed to the fact that new cases were not\nincluded in January and February, and that current card holders are guarding their cards more carefully and have few\nproblems obtaining cash at the ATMs.\n\n# ACTION TAKEN\n\n\nUNHCR has or is in the process of taking a series of actions in light of the ongoing monitoring activities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContacts:\n\nOliver Smith, Coordination Officer, smithol@unhcr.org, Tel: +961 (0) 1 849 201 x. 2448\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9951272010803223, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.683714747428894, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8592950105667114, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "cash recipients", - "confidence": 0.8509687185287476, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fba0ca7-ed28-31d1-830a-f0daacab0a66/PDM-MCAP_2016Jan-Mar_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_524/raw/doc_524_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_524/raw/doc_524_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 56a5537658570aada30fe42337d1a5d41bb6b115..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_524/raw/doc_524_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **\u062f\u0639\u0645 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43d07423-c5d4-3604-97a1-f92f1b776e29/PIST_Arabic2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 **\u0640** \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0645\u0644 **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 **\u0640** \u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a **\u0640** \u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a **\u0640** \u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639 **\u0640** \u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634 **\u0640** \u0629 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a **\u0640** \u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641 **\u0640** \u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 **\u0640** \u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a **\u0640** \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641 **\u0640**\n\u0627\u064a\u0646. **\u0640** \u0627\u0644\u062b\n\n\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43d07423-c5d4-3604-97a1-f92f1b776e29/PIST_Arabic2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": ":\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649\nmargunn.indreboe@undp.org :\u0645\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0648\nniekerk@unhcr.org :\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0643\nnoemie.lanternier@undp.org :\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0631\n\n\n\n\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 2017 \u00a9\n\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43d07423-c5d4-3604-97a1-f92f1b776e29/PIST_Arabic2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_525/raw/doc_525_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_525/raw/doc_525_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b3c88b6a044e50623af6fb312939945488f5830f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_525/raw/doc_525_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Advocacy Note** **Participation of Internally Displaced Persons in** **Electoral Processes in North-East Nigeria**\n\n**March 2023**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Background\nOn 25 February 2023, Nigeria held presidential and federal parliamentary elections, followed by gubernatorial and\nstate legislative elections to be held on 11 March 2023. More than 90 million Nigerians, in a population estimated at\nover 210 million, are eligible to vote in 2023. The Government of Nigeria is constitutionally responsible to create the\nenabling environment for free, fair, credible, and inclusive elections, while the Independent National Electoral\nCommission (INEC) as the Election Management Body (EMB) is mandated to conduct them. The _[2022 Electoral Act](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UcUjw4sMeD4NTRYZIZAmOFxPjAQVp3yD/view)_\nand the _[2022 Revised Regulatons and Framework for Votng by IDPs](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ipPcpd3_9s_1Ir0-ZFcWFqCWtQlplXG7/view)_ guide the conduct of IDP voting in Nigeria and\nafford IDP communities the opportunity to vote in recognition and protection of their rights as Nigerian citizens as\nenshrined in the _[2021 Natonal Policy for IDPs](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h6TOWO0Ts0U-XS6v__t5H9RfJHgEBxvP/view)_ and in compliance with international and regional instruments and\nconventions.\nThere are 2.1 million IDPs in the conflict-affected BAY states across North-East Nigeria among whom **around 725,000**\n**IDPs are eligible to vote, including around 402,000 IDP women and 322,000 IDP men** . The revised framework for\nvoting by IDPs includes stipulations for INEC\u2019s **pre-operational planning for IDP voting** (e.g. continuous voter\nregistration at IDP camps; making PVCs available for collection; continuous mapping, tracking and reporting on IDP\npopulations), **voting** (e.g. special security arrangements for IDP voting), **engagement with stakeholders, persons**\n**with disabilities, and others** (e.g. at national, state, LGA, and IDP camp level), **voter education and publicity for IDP**\n**voting** (e.g. direct communication with IDPs; sensitization; collaboration with IDP leadership, community and\nreligious leaders in voter educational activities), **budget template for IDP voting** (e.g. designated movement\ncorridors for IDP voters), and **monitoring and evaluation** . Realizing voting rights of IDPs is key for their successful\nlong-term integration, as voting ensures both that IDPs have a voice in their community and actively participate in\ncivil matters and that elected officials are accountable to all population groups residing in their constituencies.\n\n1.1. International Standards and Human Rights Law Provisions related to IDP voting rights\n**The rights of IDPs to exercise their civil and political rights of franchise are enshrined in international standards**\n**and human rights law**, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Guiding Principles on Internal\nDisplacement, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Convention on the\nElimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.\n\n\n - _Art. 21, Universal Declaration of Human Rights,_ \u201ceveryone has the right to take part in the government of\nhis country, directly or through freely chosen representatives\u201d.\n\n\n - _Principle 22 of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement_ affirms the right of IDPs to political\nparticipation regardless of their location in the country whether their area of origin, place of displacement,\nor elsewhere in the country.\n\n\n - _Principle 29 of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement_ reaffirms the right of IDPs to participate fully\nand equally in public affairs at all levels.\n\n\n - _Art. 25, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,_ \u201cevery citizen shall have the right and the\nopportunity, without any distinctions and unreasonable restrictions to vote\u201d.\n\n\n - _Art. 5, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,_ \u201cstates should\nguarantee the right of everyone to participate in elections-to vote and to stand for election on the basis of\nuniversal and equal suffrage\u201d.\n\n\n2. Methodology of Data Collection\nThe PSNE collected election-relevant protection monitoring data at household level across 21 Local Government\nAreas (LGAs) in the BAY states (Borno \u2013 11 LGAs: Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Konduga,\nMagumeri, Maiduguri, Monguno, Ngala; Adamawa \u2013 6 LGAs: Girei, Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Yola\nSouth; Yobe \u20134 LGAs: Bade, Damaturu, Gujba, Potiskum) in December 2022 and January 2023. A total of 983 heads\nof households were interviewed, among them 63% females (616 respondents) and 37% males (376 respondents).\nOut of the 983 heads of households, 64% were IDPs (625 respondents), 30% were members of the Host Community\n(296 respondents), and 6% were IDP Returnees (62 respondents). In addition to this, the PSNE conducted 10 Focus\nGroup Discussions (FGDs) and 100 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) between January and March 2023 both with IDPs\nin camps and host communities, including those who have experienced multiple displacement. A total of 37% of FGD\nparticipants were men and 63% were women, 17% of the Key Informants were men and 83% were women.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "election-relevant protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9654092788696289, - "start": 725, - "end": 729 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "PSNE", - "confidence": 0.9661857485771179, - "start": 723, - "end": 724 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.7085033059120178, - "start": 742, - "end": 744 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7923012971878052, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus\nGroup Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8203734159469604, - "start": 892, - "end": 895 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "PSNE", - "confidence": 0.7483145594596863, - "start": 889, - "end": 890 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9008435010910034, - "start": 812, - "end": 813 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "heads\nof households", - "confidence": 0.7685937285423279, - "start": 818, - "end": 821 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.9990334510803223, - "start": 900, - "end": 903 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.9988859295845032, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.535753607749939, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7492091655731201, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9728209972381592, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Key Findings\n3.1 Exclusion of the Population from Enjoying their Civil and Political Right to Vote\nFrom the 983 households assessed with heads of households eligible to vote (18+ years), 26% of them indicated not\nto be in the possession of a PVC and therefore not registered to vote, while 74% were. Proportionally, the majority\nof the assessed heads of households without a PVC reside in Borno state (30%), followed by Yobe state (11%) and\nAdamawa state (11%). Therefore, the **assessed population in Borno state is significantly less able to exercise their**\n**civil and political right to vote compared to the assessed population in Yobe and Adamawa states** .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and
without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+
years old) \u2013 all populatoi n groups across BAY states|Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and
without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+
years old) \u2013 all populatoi n groups, Borno state|\n|---|---|\n|


_Registered: 74%, 732 people, not registered: 26%, 251_
_people_
|

_Not registered: 30.15%, 224 people, registered: 69.85%,_
_519 people_
|\n|_Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and_
_without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+_
_years old) \u2013_**_all populaton groups, Adamawa state_**|_Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and_
_without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+_
_years old) \u2013_**_all populaton groups, Yobe state_**|\n|

_Not registered: 11.19%, 16 people, registered: 88.81%,_
_127 people_|

_Not registered: 11.34%, 11 people, registered: 88.66%,_
_86 people_|\n\n\n3.2 IDPs\u2019 Inability to Equally Exercise their Civil and Political Right to Vote\nFrom the 26% of assessed heads of households without a PVC, proportionally, a combined total of 27% from among\nthe assessed IDP population respondents across the BAY states are not in possession of PVCs, while 23% of the\nassessed Host Community respondents indicated not to be in possession of a PVC and 18% of the assessed IDP\nReturnee population. **This evidences that IDPs are the population group among the respondents most affected by**\n**the lack of PVCs, thereby most excluded from exercising their civil and political right to vote. However, host**\n**community members are also being significantly disenfranchised as well as IDP Returnee members still to a**\n**considerable extent** . For Borno state, while having the biggest population of disenfranchised voters from the\nassessed households across the BAY states (30%), the different population groups of IDPs (31%), host community\nmembers (29%) and IDP returnees (29%) are equally disenfranchised. In comparison, in Adamawa state, with only\n11% among the assessed heads of household not registered to vote, IDPs (12%) and host community members (12%)\nare equally disenfranchised, while IDP returnees are less disenfranchised (5%). In Yobe state, 15% of the assessed\nIDP heads of households are not registered to vote, while all interviewed heads of household from among the host\ncommunity and IDP returnees hold a PVC.\n\n\n_Registered versus non-registered voters (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old_ _**\u2013 for IDP,**_\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered versus non-registered respondents", - "confidence": 0.6596633791923523, - "start": 143, - "end": 147 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.8298441171646118, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered versus non-registered respondents", - "confidence": 0.7991719841957092, - "start": 180, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.7176022529602051, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP", - "confidence": 0.72528076171875, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IDP Returnees:**\n\n\n_Not registered: 18%, 11 people, registered: 82%, 51 people_\n\n\n3.3 Gendered Dimensions to Exercise the Civil and Political Right to Vote\nOverall **, women are proportionally more affected by exclusion from enjoying their right to vote than men** with a\ncombined 31% of women without a PVC versus 16% of men among the assessed heads of households eligible to\nvote. Significantly, across the different population groups, **IDP women are the most disenfranchised among the**\n**assessed heads of households (33%), almost twice as much as IDP men (17%) who are not registered as voters.**\nThough to a slightly lower extent, host community women are more than twice as much disenfranchised from voting\n(29%) than host community men (14%). Similarly, IDP Returnee women \u2013 though to a further reduced extent (23%)\n\n- are also almost twice as disenfranchised from their right to vote than IDP Returnee men (13%).\n\nProportionally from among the female respondents, **women residing in Borno state have been most affected by the**\n**lack of a PVC** across all population groups (37% IDP women, 35% host community women, 33% IDP Returnee women)\nas compared to women respondents in Adamawa (14% IDP women, 15% host community women, 0% IDP Returnee\nwomen) and Yobe states (13% IDP women, 0% host community women, 0% IDP Returnee women), with **women IDPs**\n**in Borno (37%) therefore being most disenfranchised among IDP women across the BAY states.**\n\n\n_Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old)_\n\n_\u2013_ _**all populaton groups and gender**_\n\n\n\n_Registered versus non-registered respondents (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|according to population group and gender|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|
**_Female IDP populaton_**


_Not registered: 33%, 134 people, registered: 67%, 269 people_|**_Male IDP populaton_**



_Not registered: 17%, 37 people, registered: 83%, 185 people_|\n|**_Female Host Community populaton _**


_Not registered: 33%, 53 people, registered: 71%, 129 people_|**_Male Host Community populaton _**


_Not registered: 14%, 16 people, registered: 86%, 98 people_|\n|**_Female IDP Returnee populaton _**


_Not registered: 23%, 7 people, registered: 77%, 24 people_|**_Male IDP Returnee populaton_**


_Not registered: 13%, 4 people, registered: 87%, 27 people_|\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Returnees", - "confidence": 0.7283056974411011, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Registered versus non-registered respondents", - "confidence": 0.7064303159713745, - "start": 331, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.8057215809822083, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5539638996124268, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP populaton_", - "confidence": 0.6247588992118835, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3.4 Barriers to Accessing PVCs\nThe **reasons why respondents eligible to vote are not in possession of a PVC that would qualify them to cast their**\n**ballot are in their majority of** **bureaucratic and** **administrative nature** (combined total of 87%), including a lack of\nawareness of the administration process (18%), the loss of the PVC after registration and inability to re-issue\ndocuments (16%), the perceived tediousness of the registration process (15%), the lack of responsiveness from the\nregistration office after registration (14%), the lack of awareness on where to register (13%) or the lack of registration\npoints close to their locations (9%). A minority (1.17%) of assessed heads of households reported not to be registered\ndue to a lack of money. Since the administrative process of being issued a PVC is free of charge, it is unclear whether\nthis points to extortion or if the respondents may not have been able to cover travel costs to reach the registration\noffice.\n\n\n_Reasons why respondents eligible to vote are not registered as voters/holders of PVCs \u2013_ _**all populaton groups**_\n\n\nIDP head of household respondents eligible to vote but not registered as voters indicated most often that this was\nbecause they had registered but lost their PVCs after registration and were unable to get them reissued (19%). While\nthe background was not further elaborated during the quantitative household assessments, [1] the mobility of the\ndisplaced population or their higher exposure to incidents such as fire outbreaks or floods etc. may put them at\ngreater risk of losing items, **overall suggesting a correlation between displacement and heightened risk of**\n**disenfranchisement**, making it less feasible for IDPs to enjoy their civil and political rights without their displacement\nstatus having an impact on this. A lack of awareness of the registration process (18%) as well as a lack of\nresponsiveness from the registration office after registration (17%) makes up the second and third most important\nfactors for eligible IDPs not to be registered as voters. Especially the latter factor of the inability to engage with the\nregistration office after the registration suggests again that the IDPs\u2019 mobility may have been a contributing factor\nfor their inability to get registered. [2]\n\n\n3.5 At udes and Perceptions regarding Participation in Elections\nImportantly, **only a small group of IDP heads of household (6%) indicated that they were not registered as voters**\n**because they were not interested in the elections and did not believe that their vote counted. This evidences a**\n**high interest among the IDP respondents to be part of their receiving communities, have their voice heard and**\n**actively participate in civil matters** . While issues on general awareness and bureaucratic and administrative\nimpediments also hold for the assessed members of the host community and IDP Returnee households, there is a\nstark contrast regarding interest in the elections, as **many of the host community and IDP Returnee heads of**\n**households are not interested in the elections and believe that their vote would not count (19% and 18%**\n**respectively).** In contrast to the findings from the IDP respondents, assessed host community heads of households\nindicated to a lesser extent the loss of their PVCs (13%) or a lack of responsiveness from the registration office after\nregistration (10%) as factors not to be registered as voters. Similarly, to the host community, IDP Returnees have also\n\n\n1 See complementary qualitative data and analysis below.\n2 See further information from the qualitative FGDs and KIIs in the below section on risk of exclusion of IDP voters who were\nforcibly relocated by the Borno State Government (BSG) as part of the camp closures in Maiduguri and risk of exclusion of IDPs\ncoming out of inaccessible areas and having gone through the DDRR transition centers and military detention.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quantitative household assessments", - "confidence": 0.8702016472816467, - "start": 289, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced population", - "confidence": 0.5311316847801208, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP respondents", - "confidence": 0.5966989994049072, - "start": 641, - "end": 643 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "additionally indicated a lack of awareness of the registration process and its tediousness as the main factors not to\nbe registered as voters despite being eligible to vote.\n\nDuring FGDs and KIIs, participants also highlighted that the **volatile security situation made them refrain from**\n**engaging in the administrative process to get their PVCs**, fearing that it might be dangerous and expose them to\nprotection risks.\n\n\n_Reasons why respondents eligible to vote are not registered as voters/holders of PVCs \u2013_\n\n_\u2013_ _**for IDP populaton only**_\n\n\n_Reasons why respondents eligible to vote are not registered as voters/holders of PVCs \u2013_\n_**for Host Community populaton only**_\n\n\n_Reasons why respondents eligible to vote are not registered as voters/holders of PVCs \u2013_\n_**for IDP Returnee populaton only**_\n\n\n3.6 Voting Intentions and Motivation of Registered Voters\nOut of the 74% of respondents who are eligible to vote and in possession of a PVC (732 respondents) overwhelming\nmajority of 94% (686 respondents) of them intend to cast their ballot while 6% (46 respondents) plan not to do so.\n**Female respondents \u2013 who are almost twice as likely to be disenfranchised from voting than male respondents \u2013**\n**have almost the same intention to cast their ballot as male respondents, ranging between 83%-93% while voting**\n**intentions are slightly higher for men between 89%-98%. IDP women shared the highest intentions among all**\n**assessed women (93%) to make use of their right to vote** . As per locations across the BAY states, 100% of assessed\nIDP, Host Community, and IDP Returnee women in Yobe state expressed their intention to cast their vote, as did also\nIDP Returnee women in Adamawa state.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Voting Intentions and Motivation of Registered Voters", - "confidence": 0.5335854887962341, - "start": 166, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.5281569957733154, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013_ _**all populaton groups**_\n\n\n_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013_ _**IDP populaton**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013_ _**Host Community populaton**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013_ _**IDP Returnee populaton**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP populaton", - "confidence": 0.8446835279464722, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered voters", - "confidence": 0.9169979095458984, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Recommendations\n\n- **State authorities across the BAY states** **and INEC officials** to address bureaucratic and administrative\nimpediments for voter registration that deprive people of realizing their right to vote, in alignment with their\nresponsibility to create a conducive enabling environment that supports and facilitates eligible voters\u2019 ability to\naccess their PVCs.\n\n- In particular, **State authorities and INEC officials across the BAY states** to take affirmative action to ensure that\nwomen are not excluded from realizing their right to vote. This can include efforts such as targeted and genderresponsive voter outreach and education and specific efforts aimed at facilitating women\u2019s equal access to\nelection relevant civil documentation, including PVCs, in collaboration with women\u2019s rights organizations and\ngender justice leaders.\n\n- In particular, **State authorities and INEC officials across the BAY states** to ensure that existing special measures\nunder the IDP voting framework, i.e. adaptations of regular electoral procedures, are holistically applied\nespecially through mobile registration units, dedicated polling stations in IDP camps, and the facilitation of\ntransportation to voting locations to ensure that IDPs in general and IDP women, in particular, are not excluded\nfrom realizing their right to vote. These measures on pre-operational planning for IDP voting, voter education\netc. need to reflect the particular experiences and barriers faced by IDPs in North-East Nigeria, including IDPs\u2019\ndifficulties to obtain new or replace lost PVCs, and need to be applied equally to all IDPs across all LGAs to\nfacilitate the voting of the entire IDP population that is eligible to vote. Targeted and gender-responsive voter\noutreach and education in IDP camps, return areas and other areas with high numbers of IDPs/returnees can\nhelp enable female displaced populations\u2019 effective participation in the electoral process.\n\n- **State authorities in Borno state** to refrain from forcibly relocating people and thereby effectively heightening\ntheir risk of exclusion from participation in elections, as any relocation complicates INEC efforts of continuous\nmapping, tracking, and reporting on IDP populations. When relocations take place, special measures under the\nIDP voting framework must be put in place for all relocated IDP populations to proactively ensure the relocated\npopulation in its entirety is not disenfranchised by, for instance, being unable to physically reach their polling\nstations as indicated on their PVCs.\n\n- **State authorities across the BAY states** to recognize that IDPs want to be actively engaged in their receiving\nconstituencies and exercise their civil and political rights to vote without this being impacted by their\ndisplacement history and that this contributes to durable solutions and inclusive development over the long\nterm. Therefore, state authorities to prioritize durable solutions for displaced populations that are grounded in\nrespect for the full range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annexes**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Data on section 2: Methodology and Data Collection|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_Total number of 983 respondents as per populaton groups_|_Total number of 983 respondents as per sex_|\n|
_IDPs: 625 people, 64%; Host Community: 296 people, 30%; IDP_
_Returnees: 62 people, 6%_
|

_Females: 63%, 616 women; males 37%, 367 men_|\n|_Total number of 983 respondents as per populaton groups_
_and gender_|_Total number of 983 respondents as per locaton and gender_|\n|**_IDPs:_**

_64.48% is 403 IDP women; 35.52% is 222 IDP men_

**_Host Community_**

_61.49% is 182 HC women; 38.51% is 114 HC men_

**_IDP Returnees_**

*50.00% is 31 Returnee women; 50.00% is 31 Returnee men|
_Borno: 66% is 494 women; 34% is 249 men_

_Adamawa: 56% is 80 women; 44% is 63 men_


_Yobe: 43% is 55 women; 57% is 42men_|\n\n\nData on section 3.2: IDPs\u2019 Inability to Equally Exercise their Civil and Political Right to Vote\n\n_Registered versus non-registered voters (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old_ _**\u2013 for IDP**_\n_**populaton only for Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states**_\n\n\n_Borno: 31%, 154 people and 69%, 345 people; Adamawa: 12%, 6 people, 88%, 45 people; Yobe: 15%, 11 people, 85%, 64 people._\n\n\n_Registered versus non-registered voters (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old \u2013_ _**for**_\n_**Host Community populaton only for Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states**_\n\n\n_Borno: 29%, 60 people and 71%, 150 people; Adamawa: 12%, 9 people, 88%, 64 people; Yobe: 100%, 13 people._\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_IDP Returnees_", - "confidence": 0.7374297976493835, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6872610449790955, - "start": 299, - "end": 300 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Registered versus non-registered voters", - "confidence": 0.7959989905357361, - "start": 312, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDP", - "confidence": 0.5142049789428711, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states", - "confidence": 0.5397071838378906, - "start": 439, - "end": 446 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Registered versus non-registered voters (with and without PVC) among the respondents eligible to vote (18+ years old \u2013_ _**for IDP**_\n_**Returnee populaton only for Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states**_\n\n\n_Borno: 29%, 10 people and 71%, 24 people; Adamawa: 5%, 1 person,95%, 18 people; Yobe: 100%, 9 people._\n\nData on section 3.3: Gendered Dimensions to Exercise the Civil and Political Right to Vote\n\n_State and gender breakdown of registered versus non-registered respondents (with and without PVC) among the respondents_\n_eligible to vote (18+ years old) \u2013_ _**for IDP populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not registered: 37%, 126 people, registered: 63%, 217 people|Not registered: 18%, 28 people, registered: 82%, 128 people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Not registered: 14%, 4 people, registered: 86%, 25 people_|
_Not registered: 9%, 2 people, registered: 91%, 20 people_|\n|
_Not registered: 13%, 4 people, registered: 87%, 27 people_|
_Not registered: 16%, 7 people, registered: 84%, 37 people_
|\n\n\n_State and gender breakdown of registered versus non-registered respondents (with and without PVC) among the respondents_\n_eligible to vote (18+ years old) \u2013_ _**for Host Community populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not registered: 35%, 46 people, registered: 65%, 84 people|Not registered: 18%, 14 people, registered: 83%, 66 people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Not registered: 15%, 7 people, registered: 85%, 39 people_|
_Not registered: 7%, 2 people, registered: 93%, 25 people_|\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Registered versus non-registered voters", - "confidence": 0.6614603996276855, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_State and gender breakdown of registered versus non-registered respondents (with and without PVC) among the respondents_\n_eligible to vote (18+ years old) \u2013_ _**for IDP Returnee populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not registered: 33%, 7 people, registered: 67%, 14 people|Not registered: 23%, 3 people, registered: 77%, 10 people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Registered: 100%, 5 people_|
_Not registered: 7%, 1 person, registered: 93%, 13 people_|\n|
_Registered: 100%, 5 people_|
_Registered: 100%, 4people_|\n\n\nData on section 3.6: Voting Intentions and Motivation of Registered Voters\n\n_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013 state and gender breakdown_ _**for IDP populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not intending to vote: 8%, 17 people, intending to vote: 92%,
200 people|Not intending to vote: 3%, 4 people, intending to vote: 97%,
124 people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Not intending to vote: 12%, 3 people, intending to vote: 88%,_
_22 people_|
_Not intending to vote: 10%, 2 people, intending to vote: 90%,_
_18 people_|\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Voting Intentions and Motivation of Registered Voters", - "confidence": 0.6850566864013672, - "start": 145, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Registered Voters", - "confidence": 0.5761171579360962, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013 state and gender breakdown_ _**for Host Community populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not intending to vote: 7%, 6 people, intending to vote: 93%,
78 people|Not intending to vote: 2%, 1 person, intending to vote: 98%, 65
people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Not intending to vote: 10%, 4 people, intending to vote: 90%,_
_35 people_|
_Not intending to vote: 4%, 1 person, intending to vote: 96%, 24_
_people_|\n|
_Intending to vote: 100%, 6 people_|
_Intending to vote: 100%, 7 people_|\n\n\n_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote \u2013 state and gender breakdown_ _**for IDP Returnee populaton only**_\n\n\n\n\n\n|Not intending to vote: 29%, 4 people, intending to vote: 71%,
10 people|Not intending to vote: 10%, 1 person, intending to vote: 90%, 9
people|\n|---|---|\n|
_Intending to vote: 100%, 5 people_|
_Not intending to vote: 15%, 2 people, intending to vote: 85%,_
_11 people_|\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Intentons of registered voters to cast their vote", - "confidence": 0.7852256298065186, - "start": 0, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Host Community populaton only", - "confidence": 0.5434800982475281, - "start": 17, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered voters", - "confidence": 0.6658168435096741, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0543677e-fbb6-4eb8-82d9-3a5961b960b2/PSNE%20-%20IDP%20Participation%20in%20Elections%20-%20March%202023%20-%20final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Intending to vote: 100%, 5 people_\n\n\n\n_Intending to 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74c277829c271dca42632039ae5fdc6509f7bf92..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_527/raw/doc_527_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,254 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||**IDA RSW**
**eligibility**||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||**1**|**,4**|\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe Government of Pakistan has generously hosted Afghan refugees for more than 40 years, thereby\ndemonstrating its commitment to protecting and supporting the refugee population. It has developed a\nprotective and inclusive refugee policy which is largely reflected in administrative instruments. Key\nelements and initiatives in the reporting period include:\n## \u2022 [A system of issuing ] [Proof of Registration (PoR) Cards ] [for registered Afghan refugees, ensuring their ]\n\nlegal stay in Pakistan, which are subject to periodic renewal. New **biometric documentation** for\nregistered Afghan refugees (launched in 2021) contains an extended validity date (see sub-dimension\n2.2 Security of legal status).\n## \u2022 [A ] [Tripartite Agreement] [ with Afghanistan and UNHCR, subject to extension (most recently in June ]\n\n2019), to facilitate voluntary repatriation.\n## \u2022 [Access to national health services] [, most recently the ] [COVID-19 response ] [(launched in May 2020), ]\n\nwith access to health care on a par with Pakistani nationals and inclusion in the national vaccination\nprogramme.\n## \u2022 [A ] [Repatriation and Management Policy for Afghan Refugees] [ (adopted by the Federal Cabinet in ]\n\nFebruary 2017, see Sub-dimension 2.1 Normative Framework), which led to the registration and\ndocumentation of some 840,000 previously undocumented Afghan nationals.\n## \u2022 [A commitment to enhancing refugees\u2019 ] [access to government schools] [, facilitate access to accredited ]\n\nexaminations and certification, and improve access to national education services, higher education,\nand qualifications for employment.\n## \u2022 [Improvement in PoR cardholders\u2019 ] [access to financial services] [ from 2019 onwards, permitting the ]\n\nopening of bank accounts under the _State Bank\u2019s Banking Policy and Regulations Department\u2019s_\n_circular no. 2 of 2019 of 28 February 2019_ [(http://www.sbp.org.pk/bprd/2019/CL2.htm.). The notification](http://www.sbp.org.pk/bprd/2019/CL2.htm)\nwas issued under legally enforceable banking regulations.\n\n\nThese initiatives are consistent with the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR), which was\ndeveloped in 2012 by the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan with the support of UNHCR.\nThe SSAR comprises the overall framework for the response to Afghan refugees in Pakistan and includes\nthree pillars: support for voluntary repatriation; promotion of sustainable reintegration in Afghanistan; and\nprovision of continued assistance to host communities.\n\n\nIn September 2017, Pakistan became eligible for the World Bank\u2019s IDA18 Refugee Sub-Window (RSW),\nwhich includes support for strengthening Pakistan\u2019s institutional capacity for refugee management\n(Strengthening Institutions for Refugee Administration (SIRA) project approved in 2020).\n\n\nPakistan has been active regarding refugee issues at the international level, supporting the development\nand affirmation of the [Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) in 2018. The Prime Minister of Pakistan co-](https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html)\n[convened the first Global Refugee Forum (GRF)](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html) in December 2019, alongside four other governments. In\nthe context of the GRF, the Governments of the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan\n[launched a Support Platform for the SSAR, seeking to realize the commitment to enhanced international](https://ssar-platform.org/)\nsolidarity and responsibility-sharing that is enshrined in the Global Compact on Refugees. In 2020,\n[Pakistan marked 40 years of hosting Afghan refugees with the conference 40 years of Hosting Afghan](http://mofa.gov.pk/curtain-raiser-pakistan-to-hold-international-conference-on-afghan-refugees17-18-february-2020/)\n[Refugees in Pakistan: A New Partnership for Solidarity, which convened regional and international](http://mofa.gov.pk/curtain-raiser-pakistan-to-hold-international-conference-on-afghan-refugees17-18-february-2020/)\nstakeholders to strengthen support to the protracted Afghan displacement situation.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nSome 69 per cent of registered Afghan refugees live in urban and rural areas alongside their Pakistani\nhost communities. While Pakistan\u2019s social protection policies and programmes do not target refugeehosting communities per se, they apply equally to poor households in refugee-hosting communities, as\neligibility is linked to the prevailing poverty level of specific geographic areas and/or the household poverty\nlevel. A Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC), which is only available to Pakistani nationals, is a\nprerequisite to benefit from social protection programmes and specific social services.\n\n\nTo redress the impact of hosting refugees and promote social cohesion, the Government with the support\nof UNHCR, UNDP and a consortium of other United Nations agencies launched the [Refugee-Afected and](http://www.rahapakistan.org.pk/)\n[Hosting Areas (RAHA) Programme in 2009. RAHA aims to mitigate the impact of the protracted refugee](http://www.rahapakistan.org.pk/)\npresence through targeted humanitarian and development investments in national systems, as well as to\ncreate income-generating opportunities and develop infrastructure benefiting refugees and their host\ncommunities. Most RAHA interventions are incorporated into the provincial governments\u2019 development\nplanning process, which enhances their ownership and sustainability.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nPakistan adheres to policies directly or indirectly aimed at identifying, preventing, and mitigating potential\nsocial tensions and risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas, which are effectively implemented. As a\nresult, intercommunal relations have, over the years, remained predominantly cohesive.\n\n\nThe [Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) provides for equal protection of law and](http://pakistancode.gov.pk/english/UY2FqaJw1-apaUY2Fqa-apaUY2Fvbpw%3D-sg-jjjjjjjjjjjjj)\ntreatment in accordance with law as an inalienable right for all persons, including citizens and nonnationals. The life, liberty, body, reputation, and property of all persons are equally protected in accordance\nwith the law. There is no national law or policy specifically addressing discrimination based on nationality\nor legal (including migratory) status, although refugees are protected against certain types of discrimination\nas provided by federal and provincial laws, which in theory apply equally to nationals and non-nationals.\nFor example, there are provincial laws aimed at protecting women from violence children against forced\nand early marriage and prohibit child labour (Baluchistan Domestic Violence (Prevention and protection)\nAct (No VII of 2014); [Punjab Women Protection Authority Act 2017;](http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/2684.html) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prohibition of\n[Employment of Children Act, 2015, Punjab Prohibition of Child Labour at Brick Kilns Act, 2016). However,](http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/2475.html)\ngaps remain in the legislative framework overall (see for example, Gap Analysis of Legislation Related to\nEnding Violence Against Women (EVAW)).\n\n\nLocal community mechanisms promoting peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen\nengagement \u2013 including representatives and participants from both refugees and host communities \u2013\nhave grown organically. Some communities in refugee-hosting areas have, for example, organized conflict\nresolution committees, so called \u201cFalahi committees\u201d, and professional associations comprising members\nfrom both communities. Similarly, refugees are included in sports and religious events or other community\nactivities. The most common spaces for exchange between the two communities are mosques and\nmarketplaces, where communication and coexistence are quite visible.\n\n\nThe RAHA programme has been key to promoting social cohesion and alleviating the burden of communities\nhosting refugees. Through dedicated projects benefiting host and refugee communities in core areas of\nhealth, education, livelihoods, water and sanitation, it contributes to creating a more conducive environment\nfor peaceful coexistence.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nWhile there are no specific policies to mitigate the possible negative environmental impacts of hosting\nrefugees, national environmental policies are applicable throughout the territory, including in refugeehosting areas. These include the [National Energy Conservation Policy (2006), the](https://neeca.gov.pk/Detail/MmE3ZWE0ZWQtMDY4Yy00ZGUzLWFjYTMtZWRhOTg3YTQzYTY4) [National Action Plan for](https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/library/environment_energy/national-action-plan--sustainable-energy-for-all-.html)\n[Sustainable Energy for all (2019), the Draft Alternative and Renewable Energy Policy (2019), the National](https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/library/environment_energy/national-action-plan--sustainable-energy-for-all-.html)\n[Water Policy and Comprehensive Regulatory Framework (2018), and the National Forest Policy (2015).](http://mowr.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/National-Water-Policy.pdf)\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nPakistan does not have a national asylum law or specific administrative instrument regulating access to\nterritory for individuals seeking international protection, nor does it have a law or specific administrative\ninstrument regulating preparedness for refugee inflows.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nPakistan has generously hosted Afghan refugees for more than four decades, providing access to territory\nand respecting the principle of non-refoulement and right to asylum. While it does not have a national\nasylum law or specific administrative instrument regulating access to territory for individuals seeking\ninternational protection, Pakistan\u2019s provision of protection and assistance to refugees is generally in\naccordance with international standards and Pakistan\u2019s international human rights obligations. Pakistan is\nnot a signatory to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol. The\nsupervisory role of UNHCR vis-\u00e0-vis refugee protection is acknowledged in a Cooperation Agreement\nfrom 1993 that recognizes the role of UNHCR within the parameters of its Statute.\n\n\nPakistan\u2019s refugee policy and response are predominantly based in administrative measures developed\nover the last four decades. Such measures include numerous administrative notifications conveying the\nPrime Minister\u2019s Cabinet decisions extending the PoR regime for registered Afghan refugees. Relevant\nauthorities are often informed via administrative notifications, from the Ministry of SAFRON, about\nentitlements and extensions for PoR cardholders.\n\n\nThe overall framework for the response to Afghan refugees in Pakistan is the regional Solutions Strategy\nfor Afghan Refugees (SSAR). Over the last years, the Government of Pakistan has repeatedly reaffirmed\nits commitment to the SSAR. The 2017 Repatriation and Management Policy for Afghan Refugees\u2014which\nwas adopted as a direct result of the 2014 National Action Plan\u2019s objective of \u201cFormulation of a\ncomprehensive policy to deal with the issue of Afghan refugees, beginning with registration of all\nrefugees\u201d\u2014builds on the SSAR. It includes, notably, (i) continued and gradual voluntary repatriation with\nthe assistance of UNHCR; (ii) extending the validity of PoR cards; (iii) endorsement of a flexible visa regime\nfor different categories of Afghan refugees; (iv) a call for the adoption of a national refugee law; (v)\nregistration and documentation of undocumented Afghan nationals in Pakistan; and (vi) improved border\nmanagement. A draft national refugee law was prepared in 2013 with UNHCR support but has not yet\nbeen adopted. The draft meets international standards of refugee protection and would establish a\nnational refugee status determination (RSD) procedure.\n\n\nUnder its [National Action Plan (2014), the Government of Pakistan reinforced its border management](https://nacta.gov.pk/nap-2014/)\napproach. Afghan nationals are required to obtain travel documents and visas to enter Pakistan via official\nborder crossing points (Chaman in Balochistan and Torkham in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The PoR card\nprovided to registered Afghan refugees serves as an identity document and authorizes the holder to\ntemporarily remain in the country. Most refugees and asylum-seekers of other nationalities arrive in\nPakistan on visas issued in accordance with [general visa policy](https://www.interior.gov.pk/index.php/about-moi/policies-moi/visa-policy-general-2) and immigration laws (Pakistan citizenship\n[Act (1951), Naturalization Act (1926), Pakistan citizenship Rules (1952), Foreigners Act (1946), Passport Act](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/37905/128188/F1951227926/PAK37905%202016.pdf)\n(1974), Passport Rules (1974), etc.) and may later seek asylum by approaching UNHCR. UNHCR conducts\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nindividual RSD for such asylum-seekers. UNHCR also provides continued access to UNHCR registration\nand documentation processes for Afghan individuals who do not hold PoR cards or other forms of\ndocumentation.\n\n\nInformation on refugee rights, including entitlements for PoR cardholders, is disseminated to refugees\nthrough government initiatives supported by community outreach.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nAfghan refugees have been exempted from some provisions of the [Foreigners Act (1946) through](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/37905/128188/F1951227926/PAK37905%202016.pdf)\nadministrative orders, which helps to protect against arbitrary arrest, detention and refoulement. As\nmentioned, registered Afghan refugees (PoR cardholders) can remain in Pakistan for a specified period,\nsubject to extension. The most recent PoR cards were printed with an expiry date of December 2015, and\ntheir validity has been periodically extended through Cabinet notifications, most recently in June 2019, for\na period of one year. ln anticipation of expiry of the PoR cards on 30 June 2020, the Government issued\nan interim notification on 29 June 2020 to ensure continued protection of Afghan refugees by all Federal\nand Provincial government actors, pending a decision by the Federal Cabinet on the extension.\n\n\nThe Government of Pakistan and UNHCR are currently undertaking the PoR [Document Renewal and](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Pakistan%20DRIVE%20Proposal%202021.pdf)\n[Information Verifcation Exercise (DRIVE) to respond to the increasing need to validate existing data,](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Pakistan%20DRIVE%20Proposal%202021.pdf)\ncapture additional information, and address the challenges associated with cards showing an expiry date\nof 31 December 2015. Launched in April 2021, DRIVE is issuing new biometric smartcards as identification\nfor registered Afghan refugees. They are digitally renewable, with a two-year validity. This identification\ngrants refugees safer and more effective access to services, enhances their protection, and records their\nskill sets, level of education, socioeconomic circumstances, vulnerabilities and sources of income. This, in\nturn, enables better targeted support and informs investments toward solutions in the Priority Areas of\nReturn and Reintegration (PARRs) in Afghanistan.\n\n\nDue to COVID-19, the Government of Pakistan temporarily closed its land borders in March 2020. Borders\nwere reopened on 1 May 2020 for limited pedestrian movement and commercial trade with Afghanistan.\nAlthough registered Afghan refugees and refugees and asylum-seekers of other nationalities enjoy de\nfacto protection from refoulement and generally can move freely within the country, there are sporadic\nreports of arbitrary arrest and detention, largely due to misperceptions concerning their legal status and\ndocumentation requirements. For non-Afghan refugees, UNHCR-issued asylum-seeker and refugee\ncertificates have generally ensured that they are protected against refoulement and are able to enjoy\nfreedom of movement and to access health and education services.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe Ministry of States and Frontier Regions (SAFRON) is responsible for managing refugee affairs in\nPakistan. It provides leadership and fosters coordination between line ministries and national and subnational levels of government. Within the Ministry of SAFRON, the Chief Commissionerate for Afghan\nRefugees (CCAR) in Islamabad and the provincial Commissionerates for Afghan Refugees (CARs) in each\nrefugee-hosting province are responsible for coordinating and implementing Government policies\nconcerning Afghan refugees. CCAR and CARs have been responsible for coordinating not only humanitarian\nsupport for Afghan refugees but also policy discussions within the Government and with humanitarian\npartners. There is no specific entity responsible for managing refugees of other nationalities.\n\n\n[The Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Afairs, the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional](https://www.interior.gov.pk/index.php/about-moi/policies-moi/visa-policy-general-2)\n[Training, the](http://www.mofept.gov.pk/) [National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination and the](http://www.nhsrc.gov.pk/) [Ministry of Human Rights, as](http://www.mohr.gov.pk/)\nwell as corresponding authorities in the provinces in which refugees reside, are involved in refugee\nmatters to the extent of their respective mandates. The body responsible for the registration of Afghan\nrefugees is the [National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA),](https://www.nadra.gov.pk/) under the Ministry of Interior,\nwhich is also in charge of registering Pakistani citizens.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThere is no official consultation mechanism to obtain refugee input and feedback. UNHCR facilitates\n[regular consultations with refugees in the context of its annual Participatory Assessments (PA), through](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73801)\nfocus group discussions and key informant interviews, which reflect an age, gender and diversity (AGD)\napproach. PA reports are shared with relevant stakeholders, including the Government, to inform planning\nand programming to address protection and assistance needs. The low level of women\u2019s participation in\ndecision-making was highlighted during the 2019 PA: more than half of female respondents indicated that\nwomen have little say in the existing community-level conflict resolution and decision-making mechanisms.\n\n\nRefugees are not systematically included in national data collection systems. While socioeconomic data\non refugee and host communities is currently limited, the DRIVE initiative is collecting key socioeconomic\ndata relating to PoR cardholders. In line with the recommendation made by the Inter-agency and Expert\nGroup on SDG Indicators at the fiftieth session of the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations\nsystem is working closely with the Government of Pakistan towards the inclusion and disaggregation of\nthe most vulnerable groups, including those affected by forced displacement, in national statistics and\nsurveys.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nNADRA is responsible for the registration of Afghan refugees and the issuance of civil documentation\n(birth, death, and marriage certificates) for nationals. As refugees have no access to regular devolved\nnational registration centres, NADRA delegated the handling of matters related to registered Afghan\nrefugees to four dedicated PoR Card Modification Centres (PCMs). These centres process modifications\nand replacements of existing PoR cards; registration of infants and children up to the age of five years;\nissuance of new cards for eligible children who are five years and older; and issuance of birth certificates\nto children under the age of 18. To facilitate implementation and access of PoR cardholders living in remote\nareas, NADRA deploys Mobile Registration Vans (MRVs) and Mobile Delivery Vans (MDVs). Due to a\nprocess-related change introduced by NADRA, birth certificates for PoR cardholders have not been issued\nsince January 2019.\n\n\nBesides refugees, approximately 840,000 undocumented Afghan nationals were registered under the\n2017 Repatriation and Management Policy for Afghan Refugees and issued with Afghan Citizen Cards\n(ACCs). The ACC regularizes the temporary stay of the holder. The card bears no expiry date and its\nvalidity is regulated through administrative orders that have been judicially enforced. The ACC registration\nwas done in collaboration with the Government of Afghanistan and with the support of UNHCR and IOM,\nwith the expectation that this population group would be brought into the regular visa regime. As per the\nagreement between the Governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan in the context of the Afghanistan\nPakistan Action Plan for Peace and Solidarity (APAPPS) forum, ACC holders are required to return to\nAfghanistan, prior to the expiry of the ACC, to obtain machine-readable Afghan passports and a Pakistani\nvisa, with which they can re-enter Pakistan.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nLaw enforcement authorities generally ensure comparable levels of security for refugees and nationals,\nand the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum is maintained in Refugee Villages and urban and\nperi-urban areas hosting refugees. In the regional political and security environment, Afghan refugees\nmay at times face a more uncertain security environment than nationals. Actual or anticipated security\nincidents can result in security operations in refugee-hosting areas, with an increased risk of Afghan\nrefugees being arrested and detained.\n\n\nThe official justice system serves nationals and refugees alike, and refugees have access to courts. For\nrefugees who do not otherwise benefit from State provided legal aid, effective access to the justice system\nmay depend on services for refugees such as legal aid centres and helplines that are run by CSOs or\nUNHCR and its legal partners.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual Participatory Assessments", - "confidence": 0.8910263180732727, - "start": 31, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PA", - "confidence": 0.7885341644287109, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.7326187491416931, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.769932746887207, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9066974520683289, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national data collection systems", - "confidence": 0.5736597180366516, - "start": 132, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.6136649250984192, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7437580823898315, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6191882491111755, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national statistics and\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.8723748326301575, - "start": 219, - "end": 223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Inter-agency and Expert\nGroup on SDG Indicators", - "confidence": 0.9102024435997009, - "start": 170, - "end": 177 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9745476841926575, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PoR cardholders", - "confidence": 0.6748298406600952, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nGenerally, asylum-seekers and refugees can move freely within Pakistan and choose their place of\nresidence, except in areas with particular security constraints applicable to foreigners and, at times, to\nnationals. This primarily affects land belonging to railways, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)\nroute and, in some cases, land in the close vicinity of military installations or airbases. Freedom of\nmovement and issues relating to place of residence are regulated by the police and the local administration\nin the areas where the refugees reside. This freedom of movement and residence is formally acknowledged\nby the Ministry of SAFRON through a 1997 notification (Status of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan). PoR\ncardholders living outside Refugee Villages do not need documents to travel to other areas.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nBecause the Constitution of Pakistan protects both citizens and foreigners\u2019 inalienable rights, all relevant\nlabour policies and laws apply to foreigners, including refugees. The Government of Pakistan has ratified\n36 International Labour Standards, which prohibit any forms of discrimination or exploitation in respect of\nemployment and labour and promote decent work for all, with a focus on disadvantaged groups, including\nwomen, workers in the informal economy, and persons with disabilities. The Government of Pakistan has\nissued a reservation regarding ILO Convention 143 on Migrant Workers, which is relevant to refugees\u2019 right\nto work.\n\n\nThere are no specific work permits for refugees, yet in practice, Afghan refugees are often allowed to work\nin the informal sector. Formal sector employment, however, requires individuals to hold a Computerized\nNational Identify Card (CNIC), which is available only to citizens of Pakistan. Given that refugees do not\nhave the right to access the formal labour market, their professional certificates and diplomas, while\ngenerally recognized, may not be of significant use. Under the 2017 Repatriation and Management Policy\nfor Afghan Refugees, a flexible visa regime would allow Afghan PoR cardholders to apply for a visa inside\nPakistan, including a work visa, although this policy is yet to be implemented.\n\n\nRefugees are not permitted to hold positions in the public sector (see Foreigners Act (1946) and Foreigners\nOrder (1951), 10.1). Refugees are not permitted to own a business, and therefore in practice may do so only\n[if established with a local partner, i.e., a registered by a CNIC holder. The Minimum Wages for Unskilled](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=&p_isn=101671&p_classification=12.02)\n[Workers (Amendment) Act (2016)](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=&p_isn=101671&p_classification=12.02) does not distinguish between refugees and Pakistani nationals,\nspecifying only \u201cunskilled workers\u201d and therefore potentially including refugees.\n\n\nGender disparities have contributed to lower education and skill levels among refugee women (see\n[UNHCR Pakistan Education Strategy 2020\u20132022). More limited de facto personal freedom of movement](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/73890)\nfor refugee women affects their access to skills development and opportunities for income generation.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nThere are no legal, administrative or institutional mechanisms to address issues relating to the housing,\nland and property rights of refugees. Under the 1946 Foreigners Act, the Government has generally\nallowed foreigners to buy property in Pakistan, although refugees are not allowed to do so.\n\n\nRefugees are able to rent houses based on market availability, and there is no law or administrative order\nthat bars refugees from renting a house. With growing security concerns, provincial and federal\ngovernments have strictly implemented rental laws such as the [Islamabad Rent Restriction Ordinance](http://nasirlawsite.com/laws/irro.htm)\n[(2001) and the Punjab Information of Temporary Residents Act (2015), and local property owners may be](http://nasirlawsite.com/laws/irro.htm)\nreluctant to rent houses to refugees, especially those who are not known in the neighborhood. Refugees\nalso face challenges when trying to register rental agreements with the municipal authorities and police\n(see [Afghan Displacement Solutions Platform: On the margins: Afghans in Pakistan (2018), page 25). Public](http://www.acbar.org/upload/1562673003902.pdf)\nand social housing is not available to refugees.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe Banking Policy and Regulations Department\u2019s circular No 2 of 2019 of 28 February 2019\u2014which was\nissued under legally enforceable banking regulations\u2014allows registered Afghan refugees to open bank\naccounts. Refugees do not have access to mobile money transfer services, since this requires possession\nof a Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC), which is only available to Pakistani citizens.\n\n\nWhile refugees are not currently able to obtain driver\u2019s licences, interministerial discussions in Pakistan on\nallowing such access are ongoing.\n\n\nRefugees can enroll in public sector educational and vocational training institutes, where they can obtain\ncertificates and degrees. Educational documents and certificates from a refugee\u2019s country of origin are\naccepted in Pakistan once these documents have been accredited or recognized with equivalence\ncertificates. As per the [Skill for All Strategy](http://navttc.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/National-Skills-for-All-Strategy-2018.pdf) issued by the National Vocational and Technical Training\nCommission (NAVTTC) in 2018, refugees are admitted to public vocational training institutions pursuant to\na quota system that regulates the overall number of foreign students.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nRefugees have access to national education services. This commitment is firmly rooted in the Constitution\n(Article 25-A), which stipulates free and compulsory education for all children between 5 and 16 years,\nregardless of nationality. The Government of Pakistan is committed to supporting inclusive and quality\neducation for all and promoting lifelong learning, as per Sustainable Development Goal 4. In practical\nterms, the full inclusion of refugees remains a challenge for national services in a context in which 44 per\ncent of Pakistani children aged 5\u201316 remain out of school, according to [UNICEF.](https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/education)\n\n\nGaps in data constrain efforts to estimate the number of Afghan refugee students enrolled in the national\neducation system, and UNHCR is advocating with relevant educational institutions for the collection of\ndisaggregated data. Education in Refugee Villages, supported by UNHCR for nearly 35 years, serves\nsome 11 per cent of all registered Afghan refugee school-age children (69,476 out of 631,596). The\nGovernment has enabled a gradual transition from the Afghan to the Pakistani national educational\ncurriculum in the schools. While Refugee Village schools in Punjab adopted the Pakistani national\ncurriculum at the time of their establishment, the schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan have\nbeen teaching Afghanistan\u2019s curriculum and are aiming to transition to the Pakistani national curriculum by\n2022. This contributes to harmonizing refugee education, minimizing parallel systems, and mainstreaming\nrefugee learners into Pakistan\u2019s national education system.\n\n\nIn practice, access to education is affected by the absence of a uniform regulatory framework that allows\nfor the admission of documented as well as undocumented children to public schools, as well as the\ninconsistent application of policies, which may result in failure to recognize PoR cards or UNHCR-issued\ndocumentation. This is particularly significant with regard to registration for national secondary level\nexams.\n\n\nIn UNHCR\u2019s 2020 Participatory Assessment, 73 per cent of all responses from men and women highlighted\nthat access to quality education was the most prevalent issue facing refugee women and girls. Impediments\nto primary, secondary and tertiary level schooling for both refugee and Pakistani girls include a lack of\nqualified female teachers (particularly at higher grades); school facilities that do not meet sociocultural and\nreligious expectations; long distances and lack of transport; safety concerns and sociocultural practices\n[such as early marriages (see UNHCR publication Mapping of Education Facilities and Refugee Enrolment](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/document_42.pdf)\n[in Main Refugee Hosting Areas and Refugee Villages in Pakistan (2018)).](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/document_42.pdf)\n\n\nSignificant numbers of refugee children also enter the informal labour market at a young age.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\neducation system", - "confidence": 0.9166377782821655, - "start": 361, - "end": 364 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8598241806030273, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugee students", - "confidence": 0.8513429164886475, - "start": 355, - "end": 358 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nA limited number of Afghan refugees reach tertiary level education. Key obstacles include limited financial\nresources, broken education cycles, low awareness, and poor learning outcomes.\n\n\nCOVID-19 has further affected the ability of refugees and Pakistanis to access education. Schools,\nincluding those in Refugee Villages, remain closed, and resource and technological challenges pose\nobstacles to online education.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nPoR cardholders have access to national health services at primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals \u2013\nincluding sexual and reproductive health services and COVID-19-related services \u2013 on a par with nationals,\neven though this access is not based on specific policy or legislation. While UNHCR and its partners have\nbeen providing health care in the Refugee Villages, essential health-care services for refugees in urban\nareas, as well as secondary and tertiary health care, is provided by the national health system of Pakistan,\nfree of charge.\n\n\nDisaggregated data for refugee health is not available, and the national reporting system does not record\nor identify refugee data separately. Some refugees, like host communities, face difficulties in obtaining\nadequate health care due to a lack of financial resources and significant distances to health-care facilities.\nThis is particularly the case for refugees living outside of Refugee Villages and those in need of specialized\nhealth-care services. Cultural and socioeconomic issues, as well as low literacy, restricted female mobility,\nand linguistic barriers, create practical challenges for Pakistani and refugee women\u2019s access to health\nservices.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nSocial protection is incorporated as national policy under Article 38 of the Constitution (1973), which\nguarantees \u201cpromotion of social and economic wellbeing of the people\u201d through equitable distribution of\nresources, social security, and social insurance. Following adoption of the Eighteenth Constitutional\nAmendment of 2010, social protection was largely devolved to the provinces, and social protection\nprogrammes are designed, financed, administered, delivered, and monitored separately by various\ninstitutions at the Federal and Provincial levels. Refugees are not included in social safety net programmes\n\n - which are relatively new in Pakistan \u2013 or in Government-operated public employment schemes, pensions,\nand health insurance.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nIn line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, national and provincial law address children\u2019s rights,\nincluding education, documentation and health, without any restrictions upon refugees.\n\n\nRegular participatory assessments by UNHCR indicate that services for children with specific needs, child\nlabour and mental and psychological health support remain major preoccupations for the refugee\ncommunity. Several Child Protection Centres run by local NGOs provide psychosocial support to street\nchildren and other vulnerable children in order to mitigate risks of exploitation and abuse.\n\n\nGender-based violence is largely under-reported in refugee communities and in Pakistani society due to\nsocial norms, stigma and a lack of effective grievance redress mechanisms. Access to justice for refugee\ngirls and women can prove challenging due to lack of social support for survivors and appropriate\nmechanisms in the criminal justice system. UNHCR\u2019s 2020 Participatory Assessment found that the\nrefugee community perceives restrictions on movement as a means to mitigate protection risks to refugee\nwomen and girls, including those stemming from general insecurity and harassment.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross sectors\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nPakistan has adopted a number of key international commitments to gender equality and women\u2019s rights,\nincluding the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women. As mentioned\nabove, the most consequential policy dimensions in terms of socioeconomic development are as\nfollows:\n\n\ni. weak participation of refugee women in community-based leadership structures that goes beyond\ntheir formal inclusion;\n\n\nii. challenges in preventing and responding to gender-based violence;\n\n\niii. the limited de facto personal freedom of movement for refugee women, which affects their opportunities\nfor income generation and skills development;\n\n\niv. practical impediments to refugee girls\u2019 access to education; and\n\n\nv. practical challenges affecting refugee women\u2019s access to health care.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nAs mentioned above, the most consequential policy dimensions in terms of socioeconomic development\naffecting refugees with are as follows:\n\n\ni. lack of access to safety nets, particularly for the most vulnerable;\n\n\nii. the suspension of the issuance of birth certificates to refugee children;\n\n\niii. the lack of integration of refugee children with special needs in specialized education institutions;\nand\n\n\niv. lack of access to the formal labour market and inability to register/own property and businesses.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 198] [4] [1] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 197] [9] [2] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966][3] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966][4]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Articles 8 (recognition of extraditable offences); Article 28 (recognition of the competence of the Committee to inquire into\nallegations of systematic torture), Article 30 (dispute resolution among States Parties).\n2 Article 29(1) (dispute resolution among States Parties).\n3 Article 3 (equal enjoyment of all civil and political rights among men and women); Article 6 (right to life) Article 7 (protection\nfrom torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment); Article 12 (freedom of movement); Article 13 (protection from\nunwarranted expulsion); Article 18 (freedom of thought, conscience and religion); Article 19 (freedom of expression); Article 25\n(right to vote and take part in public affairs).\n4 General reservation, which is has no legal effect, about using appropriate means to the maximum of its available resources.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **PA K I S TA N** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/560b3d37-8ae8-3e97-82a2-de06cb83559d/Pakistan%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_528/raw/doc_528_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_528/raw/doc_528_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6f38f8308b3cbd3492bedb7139a965bc23ea5b30..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_528/raw/doc_528_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28c1f80a-3269-3550-aa21-26f3c6d8acd0/Panama%20MCO_%20case%20for%20support%20_%20Global%20Focus.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_529/raw/doc_529_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_529/raw/doc_529_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9f09973495b80e2651e7d9ef3905ff9d26cde58d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_529/raw/doc_529_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,633 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n\n\n\nincidents also increased in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, albeit by a small amount.\n\n\nfood security in areas where agriculture and livestock are the main sources of livelihoods for local populations.\nA possible increase in incursions by non-state armed groups could expose civilians to protection risks, to the\ngradual closure of basic services, and could cause significant population movements.\n\nIn addition, an increase in the number of cases of human rights violations has been recorded in all four\ncoastal countries, namely : limitations on press freedom, increased threats to internal security and political\n\n\n\n\n\n**Key numbers** **[3]** **(January - July 2022)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|C\u00f4te
d\u2019Ivoir|Ghana
e|Togo|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**# Social**
**unrest**|6||2
3|0|\n|**# Violent**
**Incidents**
|34||6
11|9|\n|**Population at**
**risk, as a % of**
**population as**
**a whole**|
1.9M out
of 11.9M
(16%)|2.9M o
of 22.9
(11|ut
M
%)
2.1M out
of 29.3M
(7%)|

1.1M out
of 11.9M
(9%)|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.7262846231460571, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8919212818145752, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthe previous months, when the number of recorded episodes of violence\nincreased sharply (13 incidents reported between January and May\n2022, divided between attacks, incursions by non-state armed groups,\nand intercommunal clashes).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n\n# **Movement dynamics** **Refugees [4]**\n\n\n\nDespite multiple national operations and some joint operations by\nBurkinab\u00e8 and Ivorian forces to restore peace, the security situation in\nBurkina Faso continued to deteriorate rapidly. Attacks targeting civilians\nand accompanied by serious human rights violations have repeatedly\ntaken place in Burkina Faso. This has forced the civilian population to flee\nto coastal countries in ever-changing flows.\nOverall, during the months of June and July, an increase of approximately\n10 per cent [5] in forced displacement movements from Burkina Faso to\ncoastal countries was observed, compared to the April-May 2022 period.\nIn particular, there were movements of displaced Burkinab\u00e8 to the Savanes\nregion in northern Togo, linked to persistent insecurity in the Est region of\nBurkina Faso. Between the end of May and 31 July 2022, Togo\u2019s National\nAgency for Civil Protection (ANPC) recorded 1,868 displaced Burkinab\u00e8\nwho had moved to the northern part of the country, in Dapaong, Mandouri,\n\n\n**Origin of refugees and asylum seekers** **[4]**\n\n\n\nand Katindi (Tone and Kpendjal Prefectures) [6] .\nIn Benin, an increase in movements from Burkina Faso was also observed\nduring the past period. Some 565 new Burkinab\u00e8 asylum seekers were\nregistered in the commune of Tanguitea, in the Atacora department, in\nthe northwest of the country, by the National Commission for Refugees\n(CNR). These asylum seekers are in addition to the 192 Burkinab\u00e8\nrefugees already registered in 2021 in the commune of Materi, in the\nsame department.\nIn C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, no population movement from Burkina Faso was recorded\nduring the reporting period, as of 31 July 2022.\nFinally, there were new inflows of Burkinab\u00e8 into northern Ghana. As of 31\nJuly 2022, the total number of arrivals was approximately 1,400.\n\n\n**In view of the prevailing security instability in**\n\n**the central Sahel region, an increase in the**\n**influx of Burkinab\u00e8 refugees to coastal countries**\n\n**could be anticipated.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Country of
provenance|Host country
Benin C\u00f4te Ghana Togo Total
d\u2019Ivoire|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Burkina Faso|757|4,042|1,400|1,868|**8,067**|\n|Mali|48|30|8|153|**239**|\n|Niger|26|4|1|18|**49**|\n|**Total**|**831**|**4,076**|**1,409**|**2,039**|**8,355**|\n\n\n# **Internal displacements [6]**\n\nFor the first time, internal displacement was recorded in Togo. According to the IOM country office and the Togolese ANPC, during the period up to 31\nJuly 2022, 2,915 internally displaced persons (IDPs) fled attacks and incursions by non-state armed groups in the north of the country. These IDPs\nresided primarily in the regions of Cinkasse, Tone, West Kpendjal, and Kpendjal.\n\n\n\n4 Analysis and baseline data made available by UNHCR regional office. Data includes UNHCR registered and\nunregistered persons\n5 The number of refugees increased from 3,534 reported on May 30, 2022, to 3,903 on August 17, 2022, according to\n\n\n\nthe UNHCR database.\n6 Analysis and baseline data made available by the IOM regional office.\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Origin of refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.5072291493415833, - "start": 260, - "end": 266 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5882667303085327, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7783657908439636, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Burkinab\u00e8", - "confidence": 0.8897254467010498, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR database", - "confidence": 0.9311276078224182, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Analysis and baseline data", - "confidence": 0.6610347628593445, - "start": 713, - "end": 717 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR regional office", - "confidence": 0.6805115938186646, - "start": 720, - "end": 723 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Togo", - "confidence": 0.6286097764968872, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9194489121437073, - "start": 668, - "end": 669 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.6775038838386536, - "start": 673, - "end": 676 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n\n# **Expansion of the violence**\n\nThese maps show the expansion of violence by non-state armed groups from the central Sahelian countries (Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) to the four\ncoastal border countries (Benin, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana and Togo)\n\n\n\n**Border status** **[7]**\n\nThe operational status of COVID-19-related borders in the coastal countries\n\n\n\nTogo and airports in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire are partially operational due to covid-19\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Partially
Country Border type Closed Open operational Total|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Benin**|Airport|0|1|0|1|\n|**Benin**|Land border|14|0|0|14|\n|**Benin**|**Total**|**14**|**1**|**0**|**15**|\n|**C\u00f4te**
**d'Ivoire**|Airport|0|1|0|1|\n|**C\u00f4te**
**d'Ivoire**|Land border|0|0|18|18|\n|**C\u00f4te**
**d'Ivoire**|**Total**|**0**|**1**|**18**|**19**|\n|**Ghana**|Airport|0|1|0|1|\n|**Ghana**|Blue border
Land border|2
31|0
0|0
0|2
31|\n|**Ghana**|
**Total**|**33**|**1**|**0**|**34**|\n|**Togo**|Airport|0|1|0|1|\n|**Togo**|Land border|6|0|0|6|\n|**Togo**|**Total**|**6**|**1**|**0**|**7**|\n|**Total**|**Total**|**53**|**4**|**18**|**75**|\n\n\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6066705584526062, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7787330746650696, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n\n\n# **Food security**\n\n**To ensure a complete follow-up of the situation, the section on the**\n**food security context is reutilised although no major changes are to**\n**be reported**\n\n\nThe latest Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 (CH) analysis conducted in March 2022\nshows that hunger and malnutrition are on the rise in the four coastal\ncountries covered by this analysis. In the current period (March-May 2022),\napproximately 2.3 million people are food insecure (Phase 3-5) in Benin,\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana and Togo. This includes nearly 80,000 people classified\nas emergency (Phase 4) and represents a 35 per cent increase from 2021.\nCH estimates are also well above the five-year average (+387%).\n\n\nFor the projected period (June-August 2022), the situation is expected\nto improve slightly due to the seasonality of the area, but an estimated\n2.2 million people will remain food insecure, including 41,000 people in\nemergency (Phase 4). These projections are also well above last year\u2019s\nfigures (+46%) and significantly higher than the 5-year average (+335%).\nFor Benin, the estimates for 2022 are the highest figures recorded since the\nbeginning of the CH exercise.\n\n\nThe deteriorating food and nutrition situation is due to a variety of mutually\nreinforcing factors. Food prices have generally trended upward since\nthe beginning of 2021, and in March 2022 were well above the five-year\n\n\n\naverage. Macroeconomic factors also play a major role in food insecurity,\nas countries are still recovering from the socioeconomic impacts of the\nCovid-19 pandemic, which resulted in a 3 per cent increase in extreme\npoverty between 2020 and 2021 according to a study conducted by\nECOWAS, ECCAS, and WFP. While the initial economic outlook for 2021\nand 2022 was slightly more optimistic than the previous period, countries\nare struggling with high debt and will face significant economic challenges\nin responding to the food crisis in 2022.\n\n\nThe seasonal climate outlook indicates that the 2022 rainy season will\nbe erratic and below normal, which could negatively impact agricultural\nproduction during the 2022-2023 season, limiting food availability and\naccess for vulnerable people. The coastal region is also likely to experience\nfurther increases in food prices and disruptions in the supply of agricultural\ncommodities (including fertilizer) due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.\n\n\nA deteriorating security situation is an additional aggravating factor. The\nupsurge in violence primarily reflects a spill over of the security crisis from\nthe central Sahel, as the northernmost border areas of the littoral states\nhost smuggling and trade routes that play an important role for members of\nnon-state armed groups.\n\n\n\n**Attacks have begun to target local communities, increasing the risk of displacement and disruption of agricul-**\n\n**tural livelihoods.**\n\n\n**Projected food and nutritional security (June \u2013 August 2022)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6145403981208801, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9448812007904053, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CH estimates", - "confidence": 0.6894064545631409, - "start": 204, - "end": 206 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Benin", - "confidence": 0.6994894742965698, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7556228637695312, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CH exercise", - "confidence": 0.7856830954551697, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ECOWAS", - "confidence": 0.8273909091949463, - "start": 402, - "end": 403 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8179185390472412, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.647437334060669, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5380493402481079, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Projected food and nutritional security", - "confidence": 0.996448278427124, - "start": 603, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5144146084785461, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n\n# **Community relations and human rights**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[8] Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\n19 The Regional Monthly Review (RMR) is a risk monitoring framework adopted by the United Nations. The RMR is based on a combination of development, political, human rights and humanitarian data and analyses. It seeks to inform decisionmaking with respect to early warning action and prevention of violence in countries in crisis or at risk of facing a crisis.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n# **The Granit**\n\nThe Regional Intersectoral Analysis Group (GRANIT) conducts collaborative and joint analyses of current or emerging humanitarian crises based on data and the technical and sectoral expertise provided by United\nNations agencies, NGOs, and other regional organizations.\nThe GRANIT, initiated and led by OCHA, IOM and REACH, serves as a forum of technical and sectoral experts and information management officers, with the aim to provide holistic, multidimensional and intersectoral\nregional analysis of humanitarian crises and thus inform crisis response and preparedness.\n# **Methodology**\n\n\nis developed by a group of information management and sectoral experts working within the framework of the GRANIT.\nThe analysis focuses on the northern regions of the four countries (Alibori, Atacora in Benin; Savanes, Zanzan in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire; Upper East, Upper West in Ghana; Savanes in Togo) to limit the scope of coverage.\nThe quality of the analysis provided is impacted by the completeness and data availability. The tool is updated on a bi-monthly basis.\n\n# **Possible further analysis**\n\n\n2. **Improve analysis and disaggregation of security incident analysis, with the goal of providing better understanding of internal dynamics in coastal countries and inform response, preparedness and monitoring**\n3. **Explore links between negative biomass anomalies in Central Sahel countries and frequency/magnitude of armed conflicts and land disputes in coastal countries**\n4. **Monitor population displacement in target countries**\n5. **Complete data collection with analysis of other identified indicators to make the tool more complete and offer more comprehensive understanding and better visibility of the evolution of the situation in coastal countries**\n\n# **Indicators**\n\n_The indicators presented in this table refer to the monitoring and early warning tool methodology, developed by sectoral experts and members of the GRANIT. It should be noted that only three of the fifteen indicators below were taken into_\n_account in this report, for lack of data availability. The ultimate goal of the report is to include analysis of all fifteen indicators, given data availability._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator\u00a7|Topic|Sector|Source|Countries
for which
data is
available|Variables|Equivalent
indicator\u2020|Equivalent
indicator code\u2021|Comments|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|# Refugees|1.a Population movements||UNHCR Data portal|
C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin; Togo;
Ghana|All refugees|N/A|||\n|# Internally Displaced
Persons (IDPs)|1.a Population movements|Protection||||Humanitarian Indicator
Registry
|P6-2||\n|# girls/boys separated from
parents or legal guardians.|1.b Population movements /
Protection|Protection|MSNA/ DTM|||2022 JIAF indicator
bank
|69||\n|# girls/boys separated from
parents or legal guardians.|1.b Population movements /
Protection|Protection|MSNA/ DTM|||Humanitarian Indicator
Registry|P1-PC7-1|P1-PC7-1|\n\n\n\n\u00a7 All indicators are analysed for the covered period. - Existing equivalent indicators in standard databases. - Indicator code taken from standard databases\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "security incident analysis", - "confidence": 0.5534998774528503, - "start": 280, - "end": 283 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "coastal countries", - "confidence": 0.5023131966590881, - "start": 295, - "end": 297 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring and early warning tool methodology", - "confidence": 0.744669497013092, - "start": 400, - "end": 406 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "indicators", - "confidence": 0.6294549107551575, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "sectoral experts and members of the GRANIT", - "confidence": 0.5427981615066528, - "start": 409, - "end": 416 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "coastal countries", - "confidence": 0.5792666077613831, - "start": 381, - "end": 383 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Data portal", - "confidence": 0.828758716583252, - "start": 556, - "end": 559 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8112084865570068, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire", - "confidence": 0.6112672090530396, - "start": 563, - "end": 567 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5918890833854675, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Indicator", - "confidence": 0.9010773301124573, - "start": 612, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Registry", - "confidence": 0.8497097492218018, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8247147798538208, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5173272490501404, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JIAF indicator", - "confidence": 0.509320855140686, - "start": 661, - "end": 663 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7262550592422485, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7067809700965881, - "start": 660, - "end": 661 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Gulf of Guinea Multidimensional Monitoring and Early Warning Tool**\n\n**Benin \u2013 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Ghana \u2013 Togo**\n**As of 31 July 2022**\n\n\n_The document\u2019s content contains an analysis of the available data._\n_It does not reflect the opinion of GRANIT member agencies, organisations, partners and actors._\n# **Information on indicators**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator\u00a7|Topic|Sector|Source|Countries
for which
data is
available|Variables|Equivalent
indicator\u2020|Equivalent
indicator code\u2021|Comments|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|# Social unrest.|2. Security incidents|Protection|ACLED|
C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin; Togo;
Ghana|Arrests; Excessive force against
protesters; Mob violence;
Demonstration with law enforcement
intervention; Violent demonstration.
|N/A||Internal social tensions and violence|\n|# Violent episodes.|2. Security incidents|Protection|ACLED|C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin; Togo;
Ghana|
Abduction/forced disappearance; Air/
drone strike; Armed confrontation;
Attack; Disrupted use of weapons;
Grenade; Remote explosive/landmine/
IED; Shell/artillery/missile attack;
Wartime sexual violence; Suicide
attack; Looting/destruction of property.|N/A||External violence|\n|# medical centres attacked|3.a Availability \u2013 accessibility of
basic services|Health|National health
services|||Humanitarian Indicator
Registry|P-2|This indicator monitors the number of health centres
targeted, to better capture trends in violence
|\n|# afected medical centres .|3.a Availability \u2013 accessibility of
basic services|Health|National health
services|||N/A||This indicator monitors the reduction in activity of health
services for confict-related reasons (e.g. personnel
fed, lack of medication)|\n|# (non) functional schools
as a result of insecurity|3.b Availability \u2013 accessibility of
basic services|Education|National database \u2013
EiE assessments||||||\n|# inaccessible water points
because of insecurity
|3.c Availability \u2013 accessibility of
basic services|WASH|WASH assessment||||||\n|# inaccessible WASH
structures and sanitation
infrastructure because of
insecurity|3.c Availability \u2013 accessibility of
basic services|WASH|WASH assessment||||||\n|# child headed households|4. Protection|Protection|MSNA|||Humanitarian Indicator
Registry|P5-2||\n|Climatic hydrological defcit|5. Impact of climate change|Climate|TerraClimate|C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin|||||\n|Indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la
s\u00e9cheresse|5. Impact of climate change|Climate|TerraClimate|C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin|||||\n|Accumulation de
pr\u00e9cipitations|5. Impact of climate change|Climate|TerraClimate|C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin|||||\n|Temp\u00e9rature maximale|5. Impact of climate change|Climate|TerraClimate|C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;
Benin|||||\n\n\n\u00a7 All indicators are analysed for the covered period. - Existing equivalent indicators in standard databases. - Indicator code taken from standard databases\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6269159317016602, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6109269261360168, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7073200941085815, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information on indicators", - "confidence": 0.5331776738166809, - "start": 73, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Indicator", - "confidence": 0.8281764388084412, - "start": 379, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "health centres", - "confidence": 0.5083128213882446, - "start": 394, - "end": 396 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National database", - "confidence": 0.9228586554527283, - "start": 510, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "standard databases", - "confidence": 0.6582667827606201, - "start": 775, - "end": 777 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Benin", - "confidence": 0.8607762455940247, - "start": 656, - "end": 657 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0464a9ac-2e70-4dfa-9a08-c4d8b2a600b4/Pays%20Cotiers%20-%20aper%C3%A7u-EN%2031%20july%202022%20v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_53/raw/doc_53_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_53/raw/doc_53_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index aef481841a62b488644b045a737ae5332b036fc7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_53/raw/doc_53_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PROTECTION BRIEF BULGARIA\n\n### IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW PROGRAMME FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND INTEGRATION JUNE 2025\n\n_Yulia and Daria found an opportunity to continue working in Bulgaria as biologists after fleeing the full-scale war in Ukraine. \u00a9 UNHCR/Dobrin Kashavelov_\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "than 205,190 refugees as of the beginning of April 2025. Temporary Protection (TP) for refugees from\nUkraine in Bulgaria has been extended until March 2026. Through an annual verification exercise, the\nGovernment has renewed the validity of temporary protection ID cards. 62,257 refugees have validated their\nTemporary Protection after the completion of the countrywide reregistration exercise that ran from February\nto end-April according to the State Agency for Refugees (SAR). Some 34,500 registrations have been\ndeactivated in this process; however, renewals continue at the Registration and Reception Centres, as well\nas transition to longer-term residence options when possible.\n\n\nThe brief aims to advocate for key protection concerns to be taken into consideration in relation to the\nBulgarian government\u2019s new Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration for persons displaced\nfrom Ukraine, which came into force on 1 May 2025.\n\n## Key figures\n\n\nThe 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) shows that the majority of refugee respondents have been\nin Bulgaria for an average of 23 months. [1] This suggests a stable population that requires ongoing meaningful\ninclusion within national systems. More than two-thirds of the Ukrainian refugee population consist of\nwomen and children, one-fifth are older refugees over the age of 60, and according to the SEIS, eight per\ncent of individuals have a disability that require the care of others. These groups need continued and targeted\nsupport for their integration.\n\n\n_Figure 1 - Bulgaria's 2024 SEIS for the Ukraine Situation_\n\n## Overview\n\n\nNew Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration\n\n\nThe Bulgarian Government maintains practices that give access to people displaced from Ukraine through\nits borders, granting temporary protection to more than 204,000 refugees since March 2022 until June 2025.\nThe Agency for Social Assistance provided at least one social benefit to more than 18,200 refugees by end\nof March 2025, and the Employment Agency supported the employment of 2,855 refugees under the\nSolidarity Program that ended in July 2023. In 2022, the Government of Bulgaria developed the Programme\nfor Humanitarian Assistance for displaced persons from Ukraine granted temporary protection in Bulgaria.\nThe programme encompasses accommodation support in state and municipal facilities, hotels and other\nplaces of accommodation under the government-sponsored accommodation scheme for refugees with\nvulnerabilities. [2] This programme has undergone several short-term extensions by the Government since its\nintroduction until the adoption of the decision of the Council of Ministers No 278/02.05.2025. As of 5 May,\n\n\n1 _[Bulgaria - Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) - Preliminary fndings](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113236)_ [, July 2024; see also: UNHCR Microdata Library, Socio-Economic](https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/1214)\n[Insights Survey (SEIS) \u2013 Bulgaria 2024; UNHCR Bulgaria,](https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/1214) _[Protecton Brief on Implementaton of TP Directve \u2013 July-December 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/114771)_, 28\nFebruary 2025.\n2 Since November 2022, the provision of food assistance in government accommodation was removed from the program.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.8386410474777222, - "start": 166, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9421952962875366, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9936840534210205, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8085123896598816, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9998421669006348, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9568061828613281, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee respondents", - "confidence": 0.902107298374176, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.9427109956741333, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7538390755653381, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.8618842959403992, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.998722493648529, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8859094977378845, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Microdata Library", - "confidence": 0.6841017603874207, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8563928008079529, - "start": 501, - "end": 503 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8846075534820557, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6359561085700989, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government-sponsored accommodation must pass through the Elhovo Transit Centre [3] located in the\nsoutheastern Yambol region on the border with T\u00fcrkiye, until a committee decision on the placement.\n\n\n_Figure 2 - Ministry of Tourism accommodation figures_\n\n\nThe new Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration was opened for public consultations on\n[the Government\u2019s strategies website](https://strategy.bg/PublicConsultations/View.aspx?lang=bg-BG&Id=9057) prior to its adoption by the Council of Ministers on 2 May 2025. It\nprovides for 60 days of stay in state-owned facilities for new arrivals and continued accommodation support\nfor those in predetermined risks groups already part of the government-accommodation schemes, which\nUNHCR proposed to be 90 days. The Agency for Social Assistance is tasked with the assessments to\ndetermine whether refugees fall under the persons at risk category. The risk groups include single parents\nwith a child or children below 17 years of age [4] ; pregnant women after the third month of pregnancy; a person\nwith a permanent disability and/or mental illness and their caregiver; a person caring for a seriously ill family\nmember who is dependent on the care of others; and a person aged 65 or over. Medical conditions,\npregnancy and disabilities are required to be certified by a medical document issued by a competent\nauthority in Bulgaria. Risk groups will be assessed by the regional branches of the Agency for Social\nAssistance upon submission of an application form along with all necessary supporting documents translated\ninto Bulgarian. The deadline for the submission of documents for those already accommodated was **31 May**\n**2025** .\n\n\nUNHCR acknowledges Bulgaria\u2019s generous implementation of a humanitarian program that accommodated\nrefugees without exception that provided home to thousands of most vulnerable persons. UNHCR also\nwelcomes that, according to the new Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration,\naccommodated refugees are entitled to benefit from the Program when they find employment. An annex to\nthe programme includes an Integration Measures Implementation Plan, which primarily outlines existing\nprogrammes run by relevant government bodies and contains only a limited number of specific measures.\n\n\n3 The temporary transit center in Elhovo, initially constructed in 2020 as a detention facility for irregular migrants, has 221 containers\nwith a total capacity of 1,800 places.\n4 For a child or children aged 12 to 16 years, where the children are not covered by the education system in the country for reasons\nbeyond the parent\u2019s control and after an application for admission to school has been made.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The Programme lacks targeted support for finding housing after leaving accommodation facilities and\nfor Bulgarian language courses.\n\n- It also needs clear coordination, and a defined role for the municipalities in view of their key importance\nin successful inclusion and local integration.\n\n- UNHCR advocacy also focuses on the absence of measures to overcome legal and operational challenges\nto access to rights and services for persons under temporary protection, in particular access to family\nbenefits for children, in line with the caselaw of the Bulgarian administrative courts overturning the\nrefusals issued by the Agency for Social Assistance.\n\n- A crucial concern is limited or inconsistent access of refugees to financial services, including a payment\naccount for basic transactions. In the absence of a bank account as well as the registration card not\nserving as an ID card, refugees face challenges in accessing labour contracts and rental contracts.\n\n\nAs submitted by UNHCR and its partners, in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Code, refugees\nshould have the opportunity to appeal negative decisions\u2014or submit additional information\u2014regarding their\neligibility under the Program, specifically their classification within a risk group, as determined by the\nDirectorate for Social Assistance. However, this rendered very difficult in the absence of formal,\nindividualized decisions.UNHCR continues to advocate that Bulgaria to align the new Programme for\nHumanitarian Assistance and Integration with, among others, [the EU Acton Plan on Integraton and Inclusion](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52020SC0290)\n[2021-2027,](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52020SC0290) _[EU Strategy on Combatng Trafcking in Human Beings (2021-2025)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime-and-human-trafficking/together-against-trafficking-human-beings/eu-strategy-combatting-trafficking-human-beings-2021-2025_en)_ ; _[EU Strategy on the Rights of](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/rights-child/eu-strategy-rights-child-and-european-child-guarantee_en)_\n_[the Child and the European Child Guarantee](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/rights-child/eu-strategy-rights-child-and-european-child-guarantee_en)_ (2021); [Commission Recommendaton on developing and](https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/36591cfb-1b0a-4130-985e-332fd87d40c1_en?filename=C_2024_2680_1_EN_ACT_part1_v8.pdf)\n[strengthening integrated child protecton systems in the best interests of the child](https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/36591cfb-1b0a-4130-985e-332fd87d40c1_en?filename=C_2024_2680_1_EN_ACT_part1_v8.pdf) (2024); _[Union of equality:](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/disability/union-equality-strategy-rights-persons-disabilities-2021-2030_en)_\n_[Strategy for the rights of persons with disabilites 2021-2030](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/disability/union-equality-strategy-rights-persons-disabilities-2021-2030_en)_ ; and _[A comprehensive approach to mental health](https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/comprehensive-approach-mental-health_en)_\n(2023). This can ensure that the new programme reflects EU standards and best practices, particularly in\naddressing the needs of vulnerable groups and support operationalize relevant EU law. UNHCR stands ready\nto provide technical assistance to further improve the implementation of the Programme.\n## Protection Risks\n\n\nSocio-Economic Vulnerabilities\n\n\nThe 2024 SEIS findings [5] show that of the survey respondents currently in government-sponsored\naccommodation, around one-third (33%) are above the age of 60 while more than one-fourth (26%) are\nchildren. Nearly half (49%) of those in government-sponsored accommodation responded that they have a\nchronic illness. Over half of those who responded stated that they had difficulties in functioning and\ndisability, these include difficulty seeing (17%), walking or climbing steps (13%) and remembering or\nconcentrating (7%). Among those in government-sponsored accommodation, 41 per cent stated that a family\nmember had a health problem and needed to access health care. While the majority (78%) were able to\nreceive the needed health care, nearly one-fifth (18%) did not. Of the respondents, one-third (33%) said that\nnot all members of their household have health insurance, a higher percentage than those who are not\nbenefitting from the government-sponsored accommodation scheme reporting that they do not have health\ninsurance (11%).\n\n\n5 _[Bulgaria - Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) Preliminary fndings](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113236)_, July 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Bulgaria - Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.7619377970695496, - "start": 634, - "end": 639 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9279927611351013, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9987253546714783, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.9305153489112854, - "start": 652, - "end": 654 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.9998747110366821, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7388829588890076, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "thirds (61%) said that their household had to spend savings due to lack of resources to cover basic needs,\ndespite having their accommodation costs covered. More than half of households (53%) in governmentsponsored accommodation stated that they can afford fewer goods and services compared to their first\nmonths in Bulgaria, compared to 30 per cent of respondents in private accommodation. Additionally, over\none-fifth of households (22%) reduced essential health expenditures, and nine per cent of households stated\nthat they had to borrow or purchase food on credit due to a lack of resources. The majority (74%) of\nrespondents in accommodation have received aid in the last three months, mostly humanitarian distributions,\nsuch as non-food items and clothing.\n\n\nSince the start of the new Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration, UNHCR and partners\nhave observed that the procedures for certification of disability are complex, time-consuming, and costly for\nthose who missed health care payments and would have to cover the costs of any medical examination.\nThese are similar to the challenges refugees face in documenting their disability in applying for disability\nbenefits. Refugees will further need assistance on the translation of all documents in Bulgarian as part of the\nrequirements. Some highly vulnerable individuals will have to leave the programme as they have not paid\ntheir health insurance in the last three years and have no means to initiate the disability certification process.\nIn addition, the new Programme specifies that pregnant women beyond the third month of pregnancy fall in\nthe risk group. UNHCR has expressed concern that this provision excludes women in the first trimester.\n\n\nThe application does not have a registration number, and in practice, the Agency for Social Assistance does\nnot plan to provide individual feedback to each applicant. Instead, information about those eligible to remain\naccommodated under the Programme will be sent directly to hotel owners. In effect, this does not allow\nappeal of administrative decisions.\n### Accommodation\n\n\n[The EU Action Plan on Integration and Inclusion 2021\u20132027 identifies adequate housing as a key enabler of](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-resettlement-and-integration/integration/action-plan-integration-and-inclusion_en)\nintegration, emphasizing early access to stable, safe, and affordable housing, including social housing.\nUNHCR\u2019s _[Integraton Handbook](https://www.unhcr.org/handbooks/ih/)_ reinforces that housing is not just shelter\u2014it is critical for accessing\neducation, employment, health care, and building social ties, and should be a right-based, inclusive process.\n\n\nAccommodation provided under the Programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration so far is often\nlocated in small towns, resorts or remote areas, with limited access to services, further exacerbated by lack\nof transport options and financial means to reach larger towns where these are available. There are no social\nworkers employed at government-sponsored facilities, even where a significant number of older persons,\npersons with disabilities, persons with serious health conditions, and separated children under their care are\naccommodated. There is a need to refer people with specific needs for specialized services or assistance,\nincluding social benefits. Lack of information and activities further exacerbate isolation and hamper their\ninclusion.\n\n\n[Partcipatory assessments](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108386) with refugees in Bulgaria show that employment does not always lead to selfreliance and access to housing in view of labour exploitation, employment of technical experts and\nprofessionals as unqualified labour, and lower incomes associated with these factors. Refugees who can\nafford solutions in the housing market need guidance and support to find housing solutions; for instance,\nthey lack accurate information on housing or are denied rental contracts because of uncertainties of their\nstay in Bulgaria. Others prefer to stay closer to their new communities within the humanitarian\n\n\n6 The pensions are often below subsistence level within Ukraine; see: OECD, _[Safeguarding the sustainability of the Ukrainian pension](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/safeguarding-the-sustainability-of-the-ukrainian-pension-system_fc202a7e-en.html)_\n_[system](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/safeguarding-the-sustainability-of-the-ukrainian-pension-system_fc202a7e-en.html)_, 6 June 2024; UN Economic Commission for Europe, _[Measuring Poverty in the Conditons of War in Ukraine](https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/_W_Multidimensional%20poverty_Ukraine%20UNICEF_paper.pdf)_, November 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "requirements in a number of municipalities for the person to have resided there for a long period of time\nwhich refugees cannot meet. Residential social services for homeless persons such as shelters are insufficient\nto address the demand of both refugees and the local population.\n\n\nIn addition, the Programme needs specific provisions to ensure that persons with disabilities are\naccommodated in facilities appropriate to their health conditions. Currently, there are challenges with the\nidentification of vulnerabilities and ensuring placement in appropriate and adapted accommodation,\nincluding access to services for those with specific needs. At present, there are no effective remedies or\nmeasures in place for individuals with specific health-related needs\u2014such as wheelchair users or those\nrequiring accessible infrastructure\u2014when they are assigned to accommodations that are not adapted.\n\n\nUNHCR remains concerned that the current housing arrangements for refugees in Bulgaria fall short of the\nEU standards. The conditions in government-sponsored accommodation\u2014marked by insufficient privacy,\ninadequate facilities, limited accessibility, and a lack of on-site support services\u2014pose serious obstacles to\nthe inclusion and well-being of persons with vulnerabilities. Furthermore, structural barriers in accessing\nprivate and social housing, compounded by administrative and financial constraints, leave many refugees\nwithout viable long-term housing solutions.\n\n\nIn light of the Temporary Protection Directive and the Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4\nMarch 2022, as well as the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, it is essential that transition\nfrom emergency or humanitarian accommodation is supported by clear procedures, thorough needs\nassessments, and access to effective remedies for those denied accommodation support. These measures\ncould support Bulgaria\u2019s commitment to the principles of dignity, autonomy, and best interest of the child.\n## Opportunities\n\n\n[UNHCR\u2019s 2024-25 Regional Protecton Profling and Monitoring](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/392?sv=54&geo=0) findings show that refugees from Ukraine\nhave found employment in Bulgaria in various fields such as education (14%), administrative support (13%),\nconstruction and engineering (11%), and social assistance and healthcare (10%). Those in government\naccommodation also engage in work: full time employment in Bulgaria (16%), part-time employment in\nBulgaria (11%), remote employment in Ukraine (7%, self-employment (4%), and other types of remote\nemployment (4%). When also asked if respondents could begin working immediately if offered a job, seven\nper cent of those in government-sponsored accommodation responded positively, while others are older,\nhave disabilities and care duties. It is important to note that the majority of those in government-sponsored\naccommodation (76%) do not have a bank account in Bulgaria. (However, given high educational\nqualifications of refugees from Ukraine, only 38% are employed in jobs that allow them to use their\nprofessional or educational qualifications; and 18% report labour exploitation.) [7]\n\n\n[In Socio-Economic Insights Survey, refugees from Ukraine in government accommodation have mentioned](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113236)\nsupport for accessing social assistance (24%), language training (14%) and job matching (10%) as the top\nservices needed to improve their financial situation in Bulgaria. With regard to the new Programme for\nHumanitarian Assistance and Integration, the transition after of stay in government-sponsored\naccommodation must include integration support for meaningful socio-economic inclusion. This can include\nBulgarian language classes, access to social protection schemes, as well as employment support.\n\n\n7 For comparison, see: UNHCR Bulgaria, _[Protecton Brief \u2013 July 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110693)_, August 2024; _[Voices of Refugees \u2013 Partcipatory Assessment 2023](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108386)_,\nMay 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.9922528862953186, - "start": 538, - "end": 541 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.875064492225647, - "start": 540, - "end": 541 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5534769296646118, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5933274030685425, - "start": 503, - "end": 506 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "provide a range of services, complementing governmental national and regional services, through the\nBulgaria Network of Compass Protection and Inclusion Centres established across Bulgaria in 2024. The\nCompass Protection and Inclusion Centres are a joint initiative between UNHCR and partners, namely, the\nBulgarian Red Cross, Ukraine Support and Renovation Foundation (USRF), Energy Association Varna, Caritas\nBulgaria, Foundation for Access to Rights and the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee. Located in six refugeehosting cities in Bulgaria (Sofia, Plovdiv, Burgas, Varna, Dobrich and Harmanli), these centres promote\nempowerment, integration, and social cohesion for refugees and vulnerable local communities through a\ncomprehensive support tailored to diverse needs. Services include legal assistance and social protection;\nspecialized child-protection services and child-friendly spaces; women empowerment and life-skills sessions,\nevent and workshops; community mobilization and social cohesion; psychosocial support services; livelihood\nand economic inclusion support; education; and mobile services and mainstreaming inclusion of persons with\ndisabilities.\n\n\nAll Compass centres have been actively disseminating information regarding the new programme and its\nrequirements. In Varna, an information session was organized in collaboration with the local Directorate for\nSocial Assistance (DSA), ensuring that both refugees and stakeholders are well-informed. Additionally, both\nCompass centres in Plovdiv and Varna have taken proactive steps by holding coordination meetings with\ntheir respective local DSAs to streamline the application process and address any logistical concerns.\nCompass Centre in Varna has also established a joint schedule with the local DSA. This schedule outlines\nspecific dates for group submissions of applications from all hotels and accommodation bases, aiming to\nensure an orderly and efficient process.\n\n\nDespite these efforts, several challenges have emerged. The application process only commenced on 19 May\nacross the country due to technical issues faced by the DSAs. This delay has raised concerns about whether\nall eligible refugees could submit their applications before the 31 May deadline. A relevant concern is the\ninconsistency in documentation requirements across different cities. Although internal instructions exist,\nvarying documents are requested to verify certain vulnerabilities. Moreover, all documents must be\ntranslated by an official translator and notarized, which poses a financial burden on partners who currently\nlack the budget to support refugees with these costs. Some of the most vulnerable individuals may be\nexcluded from the Programme due to their inability to meet certain administrative requirements in time.\n\n\nIn furthering collaboration between the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, the Agency for Social Assistance\nshared their internal instructions, including clear guidelines on the required documentation for each risk\ngroup. Additionally, a coordination meeting between Compass Protection and Inclusion Centre staff and the\nlocal DSAs in the Burgas region has been agreed to address ongoing issues. Burgas remains the most\nchallenging region as it hosts the largest number of refugees accommodated under the Programme.\nEstablishing collaboration with NGOs working with refugees can facilitate the process in Burgas.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Ensure an adequate transition period from the current humanitarian assistance programme for\nindividuals who no longer meet the eligibility criteria, in line with the obligation under EU law to\nguarantee access to suitable accommodation as core to a dignified standard of living. Particular attention\nmust be given to persons with special needs by allowing them to remain in appropriate accommodation\nuntil the end of the Temporary Protection period or ensuring timely referral to suitable social service\naccommodation, and providing one-off social assistance to those transitioning from the programme, in\nline with Article 16 (1) on the Law on Implementing the Law on Social Services, which envisages such\nassistance for incidental expenses.\n\n- Establish a mechanism to allow reconsideration and correction of conclusions made by the Directorate\nfor Social Assistance concerning an individual's classification within a risk group. Given the significant\nimplications of such a determination, it is essential to provide a procedure for appeal under the\nAdministrative Procedure Code and in line with EU law. Furthermore, individuals should be allowed to\nbenefit from the Programme until a final court decision is rendered. There is also need for emergency\naccommodation, especially for those who are found ineligible and facing homelessness.\n\n- Consider a flexible approach for the certification of refugees\u2019 disabilities, including intellectual and\npsychosocial disabilities, and serious medical conditions and the documents required, to ensure that the\nmost vulnerable are not overlooked or excluded due to inability to navigate and cover the costs of a\ncomplex system; and ensure that individuals with health issues and specific needs (e.g., wheelchair users,\nthose requiring ramps, etc.) are placed in accommodations that are adapted for accessibility and dignity.\n\n- Protect family unity by ensuring that all family members of vulnerable persons are eligible for support\nunder the new programme for Humanitarian Assistance and Integration.\n\n\nDevelop an inclusive accommodation and housing strategy that addresses the needs of all vulnerable groups,\nincluding refugees, \u2014older individuals, women at risk, persons with disabilities, and those with serious\nmedical conditions\u2014through a data-driven approach and mapping of available, accessible housing options.\nIt would be important to promote mid and long-term solutions towards sustainable housing, including access\nto social benefits and social housing schemes and efforts to expand long-term low-income and affordable\nhousing solutions for all vulnerable groups in Bulgaria, making use of available EU and European funding and\ntechnical support mechanisms. Staying in humanitarian accommodation should generally only be the case\nfor a limited period of time, allowing refugees to move to longer term independent or semi-independent\nhousing as soon as possible.\n\n\n_**END.**_\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / June 2025** 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e93506-9f3c-550c-bbe3-f1b38db0b43f/2025%20Brief%209%20-%20Humanitarian%20Programme%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_530/raw/doc_530_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_530/raw/doc_530_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fa7b9cbb927ad549b7f4ee43a3d2d3e2642b05d3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_530/raw/doc_530_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n# APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\nLe premier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 aura \u00e9t\u00e9 une des p\u00e9riodes les plus\n\u00e9prouvantes pour les populations civiles vivant dans les zones en conflit en\nRDC.\n\n\nDurant les mois de janvier \u00e0 mars 2023, pr\u00e8s de **677,000 personnes** se sont\nnouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en RDC. Les femmes repr\u00e9sentent 51% de la\npopulation d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Plus de 98% des d\u00e9placements durant cette p\u00e9riode\n\u00e9taient dus aux attaques et affrontements arm\u00e9s. Les principales provinces\naffect\u00e9es par ces d\u00e9placements massifs de population sont le Nord Kivu\n(61% des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es), l\u2019Ituri (21%) et le Sud Kivu (15%). Sur cette\nm\u00eame p\u00e9riode (janvier \u00e0 mars 2023), **510,000 personnes** sont retourn\u00e9es\nrepr\u00e9sentant 74% des retours des 6 derniers mois [1] .\n\n\nLes indicateurs de protection ont tourn\u00e9 au rouge et sont fortement corr\u00e9l\u00e9s\n\u00e0 cette situation s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e et au mouvement de\npopulation exposant ces derni\u00e8res \u00e0 des risques accrus de protection,\nprincipalement \u00e0 l\u2019Est du pays.\n\n\nParmi les faits les plus marquants :\n\n- La recrudescence des violences contre les civils et les attaques des sites\nde d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans la province de l **\u2019Ituri** particuli\u00e8rement dans les\nterritoires de Djugu et Mahagi [2] ;\n\n- L\u2019expansion de la crise M23 dans plusieurs nouvelles localit\u00e9s de la\nprovince du **Nord Kivu** entrainant d\u2019importants mouvements de\npopulation ainsi que l\u2019utilisation accrue d\u2019armes et explosifs ;\n\n- L\u2019impact de la crise M23 sur la situation de protection au **Sud Kivu** avec\nun afflux massif de population dans le territoire de Kalehe alors que la\nsituation du Sud Kivu est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9occupante du fait de conflits\nintercommunautaires et de la pr\u00e9sence de nombreux groupes arm\u00e9s ;\n\n\n1 OCHA, [R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo: Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-mars-2023)\n[retourn\u00e9es, mars 2023 - Democratic Republic of the Congo | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-mars-2023)\n2\n\n[https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/publications/1022/communic](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/publications/1022/communication-materials/advocacy-note/note-de-plaidoyer-sur-la-situation-de)\n[ation-materials/advocacy-note/note-de-plaidoyer-sur-la-situation-de](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/publications/1022/communication-materials/advocacy-note/note-de-plaidoyer-sur-la-situation-de)\n\n\n\n\n- La recrudescence de la violence intercommunautaire et des conflits\nfonciers dans le **Kwamouth** **[3]** ;\n\n- L\u2019augmentation des expulsions des Congolais de l\u2019Angola qui aggrave la\nsituation humanitaire dans les provinces du **Kasai** .\n\n\nLes violences et violations des droits humains dans ces provinces ont non\nseulement r\u00e9duit les possibilit\u00e9s \u00e0 apporter l\u2019aide aux personnes affect\u00e9es\nmais ont aussi accru les besoins humanitaires.\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection a rapport\u00e9 au moins **479 civils tu\u00e9s**, **2402**\n**victimes de coups et blessures**, **207 de tortures** et traitements inhumains,\n**13 de mutilations et 21 de blessures ou morts dues aux mines** . Derri\u00e8re\nces chiffres qui risquent de devenir malheureusement de simples\nstatistiques, il y a plusieurs noms et surtout beaucoup de familles, des\norphelins, des veufs/veuves dont la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 est aggrav\u00e9e.\n\n\nEn raison de l\u2019intensification des affrontements entre les M23 et les FARDC\ndans les environs de Sake, et dans le Masisi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 une\naugmentation significative du nombre de REGs (Restes explosifs de guerre)\nsignal\u00e9s durant les 3 premiers mois de 2023 dans cette zone, ce qui est un\n\u00e9l\u00e9ment compliquant les retours des populations.\n\n\nLes acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 **10,707 violations et**\n**incidents de protection** de janvier \u00e0 mars 2023. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentent\nune baisse de 9,31% comparativement \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode de 2022 au cours\nde laquelle 11,807 violations et incidents avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s. Il convient\nde noter que, loin de refl\u00e9ter une am\u00e9lioration de la situation de protection,\nces chiffres s\u2019expliquent par la r\u00e9duction des zones de couverture du\nmonitoring de protection pour des raisons de r\u00e9duction de financement.\n\n\n3 [https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/03/30/rd-congo-vague-de-violences-](https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/03/30/rd-congo-vague-de-violences-communautaires-dans-louest-du-pays)\n[communautaires-dans-louest-du-pays](https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/03/30/rd-congo-vague-de-violences-communautaires-dans-louest-du-pays)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\n|Col1|1073 cas de VBG|\n|---|---|\n||**266** violations aux droits de l\u2019enfant y compris des
all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9es aux m\u00e9canismes MRM|\n||**3122** violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|\n||**1941** violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9|\n||**4305** cas de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (incendies
et pillages)|\n\n# RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n\n\n*Chiffres globaux\nrapport\u00e9s par le\nmonitoring de la\nprotection. Ils ne\nsont qu'indicatifs de\nla situation de\nprotection et ne\nconstituent en\naucun cas toutes\nles violations qui\nont lieu. Voir la\nsection sur les\nlimites pour plus de\nd\u00e9tails.\n\n\n\n\n- Instruire et appuyer les m\u00e9canismes de coordination humanitaire dans\nles provinces \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des plans de contingence et des stocks de\npr\u00e9-positionnement pour permettre une r\u00e9ponse rapide et adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 la\nsituation hautement fluctuante de d\u00e9placement.\n\n\n- Raviver les discussions sur le d\u00e9veloppement et l\u2019adoption d\u2019une\nstrat\u00e9gie des solutions durables pour permettre le caract\u00e8re digne et\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9 des mouvements de retour ainsi que leur durabilit\u00e9.\n\n\n- Plaider aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs pour soutenir le financement des\nprogrammes de r\u00e9ponse aux besoins humanitaires et de protection de\nmani\u00e8re holistique (renforcement de l\u2019environnement de protection, la\nprotection de l\u2019enfant, la lutte contre les VBG, le CCCM, LTP, LAM y\ncompris la r\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique des victimes/survivants et\nl\u2019accompagnement au retour des PDIs dans les zones de retour\nfavorables).\n\n\n\n\n- Engager les autorit\u00e9s, la MONUSCO et autres forces internationales\npour renforcer la protection des civils notamment en d\u00e9ployant des\nunit\u00e9s autour des zones sensibles tels que les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ainsi\nque dans les zones avec pr\u00e9sence des populations et communaut\u00e9s \u00e0\nrisques (hautement expos\u00e9es aux attaques arm\u00e9es).\n\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer pour la mise en \u0153uvre effective du PDDRCS et\nautres processus visant la restauration de la paix et s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\n- Engager les acteurs concern\u00e9s pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans\ntoutes les zones affect\u00e9es afin de d\u00e9ployer l\u2019assistance humanitaire aux\npersonnes dans le besoin.\n\n\n**PARTENAIRES HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n - Promouvoir la coh\u00e9sion sociale/coexistence pacifique en particulier\nvia la collaboration et l\u2019appui aux acteurs et structures locaux\n\u0153uvrant dans le domaine du renforcement du dialogue\nintercommunautaire et cohabitation pacifique.\n\n\n - Plaider aupr\u00e8s de toutes les parties au conflit pour qu'elles\nrespectent le Droit International Humanitaire et le Droit International\ndes Droits de l\u2019Homme en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et le caract\u00e8re civil des sites de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en particulier.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n# PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Provinces|Mois|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**ITURI**|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**ITURI**|_F\u00e9v_|332|809|547|167|\n|**ITURI**|_Mars_|324|1145|607|198|\n|**ITURI**|**_Total_**|656|1954|1154|365|\n|**HAUT-**
**UELE**|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**HAUT-**
**UELE**|_F\u00e9v_|19|57|0|16|\n|**HAUT-**
**UELE**|_Mars_|25|81|0|18|\n|**HAUT-**
**UELE**|**_Total_**|44|138|0|34|\n|**GRAND TOTAL**|**GRAND TOTAL**|**700**|**2092**|**1154**|**399**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring_\n_de protection en Ituri en_ _**janvier, f\u00e9vrier et mars 2023**_ _._\n\n\nDans la province d\u2019Ituri, les acteurs locaux ont rapport\u00e9 entre janvier et mars\n2023 au moins 60 attaques particuli\u00e8rement violentes perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et dont le caract\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique suscite de l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude.\n\n\nCes attaques auraient en effet occasionn\u00e9 plusieurs abus et violations des\ndroits humains tels que des actes de meurtres, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, des viols et\nautres violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, des incendies de maisons et pillages\nainsi que des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations.\n\n\nOn estime qu\u2019environ **30,000 personnes** ont fui les violences arm\u00e9es dans\nles territoires de Djugu et Mahagi au cours des derni\u00e8res semaines du\npremier trimestre. La province accueillerait **1,5 million** de personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nLes besoins de protection sont importants: risques de VBG sur les filles et\nfemmes, besoin en documentation civile, prise en charge psychosociale des\nsurvivants et des t\u00e9moins d\u2019atrocit\u00e9s et autres besoins humanitaires cruciaux\ntels que les abris, latrines, NFIs, points d\u2019eau etc.\n\n\n\nLes territoires de Djugu, Mahagi, Irumu, et Mambasa ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus affect\u00e9s\npar les violations et atteintes aux droits humains du fait de rivalit\u00e9s et des\nrepr\u00e9sailles r\u00e9ciproques entre les groupes arm\u00e9s _CODECO/URDPC_ et ceux\nde _Za\u00efre_ dans les 2 premiers territoires ainsi que l\u2019activisme des _ADF_ dans\nles territoires d\u2019Irumu et Mambasa, occasionnant de nombreux incidents de\nprotection et violations des droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des\npopulations civiles.\n\n\nDe plus, l\u2019exclusion de la _CODECO_ dans le processus de paix pourrait\nentrainer la poursuite de violations des droits humains dans la province.\n\n\n**Au moins 4.167** incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours de ces\nmois dans le cadre du monitoring de protection, repr\u00e9sentant une **r\u00e9gression**\nde **35,8** % par rapport au premier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente justifi\u00e9e\nessentiellement par la r\u00e9duction des zones couvertes par le monitoring de\nprotection.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n - la situation en mati\u00e8re de protection et d'acc\u00e8s s'est particuli\u00e8rement\nd\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e sur l'axe Drodro-Bule (o\u00f9 seule une petite unit\u00e9 des FARDC\nest actuellement pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 Maze), mais aussi sur les axes Lita Masumbuko, Kilo-Mongbwalu, Bunia - Ngongo - Lipri \u2013 Nyangara.\n\n - Les trois premiers mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e ont connu un activisme accru du\ngroupe arm\u00e9 _CODECO/URDPC_ \u00e0 travers plus de **trente** attaques\nsimultan\u00e9es et r\u00e9p\u00e9titives (deux fois plus d\u2019attaques en f\u00e9vrier), des\nembuscades ainsi qu\u2019au moins un cas de violation du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire de sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et des attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9titives autour des\nsites de d\u00e9placements. Ces attaques auraient occasionn\u00e9 **1,497**\nviolations des cas, les homicides d\u2019au moins 145 personnes parmi\nlesquels **135** retourn\u00e9s et **10** PDIs ainsi que des incendies de **128**\nhabitations.\n\n - D\u00e8s la mi-mars, des incursions \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du site de Plaine Savo ont\nconduit \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements pr\u00e9ventifs de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es du site\nvers le centre de Bule et ont affect\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations humanitaires.\n\n - Les incursions auraient contraint environ 90% de la population des\nlocalit\u00e9s cibl\u00e9es \u00e0 refaire un nouveau d\u00e9placement vers le site de Rhoe\net 10% d\u2019entre elles se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers la localit\u00e9 Djangi o\u00f9 se\ntrouve une base des casques bleus de la MONUSCO.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nLe 19 janvier, le site de Plaine Savo a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments CODECO/URDPC, avec comme violations 7 personnes\ntu\u00e9es, 3 personnes bless\u00e9es, 3 maisons incendi\u00e9es et 14 abris\nd\u00e9truits.\n\n\nLes 21 et 22 mars, quatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9s du site de Plaine Savo ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9s au cours d\u2019une incursion de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC.\n\n\n - La pr\u00e9sence des Restes d\u2019Explosifs de Guerre (REG) dans des zones\nde fr\u00e9quentation demeure un risque pour les populations. Deux\npersonnes (mineures) sont mortes par suite d\u2019une explosion de\nbombe le vendredi 06 janvier 2023 au village Ndzatsi du groupement\nBuku de la chefferie de Bahema Nord. La bombe objet du drame se\ntrouvait sur les lieux depuis longtemps mais n\u2019avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9e\npar des services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n - Dans le territoire d\u2019Irumu, la violence arm\u00e9e a entra\u00een\u00e9 la suspension\ndes mouvements civils et humanitaires le long de la RN27 (\u00e0\nKomanda-Bunia), axe cl\u00e9 pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\nLes acteurs locaux ont rapport\u00e9 plusieurs attaques et embuscades\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les ADF entre le 11 janvier et le 22 mars dans les\nlocalit\u00e9s de Manzebi, Miliyota, Uwesa, Ofaye, Manzobe, Bulombo et\nBandimbese ainsi que des incursions dans les champs des localit\u00e9s\nde Bulilia et Mungwanga toutes situ\u00e9es dans la ZS de Komanda.\n\n\nCes attaques auraient occasionn\u00e9 34 homicides des personnes\nretourn\u00e9es et des PDIs ainsi que 2 enl\u00e8vements. Les m\u00eames sources\nrapportent \u00e9galement le meurtre de 3 membres de la communaut\u00e9\nNande dans un champ par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de _Tchini ya tuna_ dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Mambedu, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda.\n\n\n - Ces embuscades seraient motiv\u00e9es par le d\u00e9sir de limiter tout\nmouvement pendulaire dans les champs afin d\u2019accaparer les r\u00e9coltes\nde la population et ainsi d\u00e9courager toute intention de retour de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n - Le territoire de Mahagi qui \u00e9tait devenu un territoire propice aux\nretours a observ\u00e9 une r\u00e9surgence de la violence et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\n\nLe territoire est toujours marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme de 2 groupes arm\u00e9s\nrivaux \u00e0 savoir les _CODECO/URDPC_ et le groupe arm\u00e9 _Za\u00efre_,\nperp\u00e9trant chacun des actes de repr\u00e9sailles contre la communaut\u00e9\n(Hema ou Lendu) \u00e0 laquelle le groupe arm\u00e9 rival s\u2019identifie.\n\n\n - Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des groupes _CODECO_ et _Za\u00efre_ auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nles auteurs de nombreuses atteintes aux droits humains, dont des\nincursions men\u00e9es dans les localit\u00e9s de Yatsi, Yupalangu, Azimine et\nRutsi (Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Kambala), Uduu, Tokolibiri, Mulio (Zone de\nsante d\u2019Angumu), Usigo (Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Aungba), Pamone (zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Kambala), y occasionnant le meurtre d\u2019une trentaine de\npersonnes (dont une majorit\u00e9 de personnes retourn\u00e9es), le pillage de\nbiens priv\u00e9s, des incendies volontaires de plus de 210 maisons\nappartenant majoritairement aux personnes retourn\u00e9es, des\nenl\u00e8vements ainsi que le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 d\u2019environ 1.500\nm\u00e9nages.\n\n\n - A titre illustratif, les acteurs de protection ont document\u00e9 le 18 mars\n2023, 22 homicides, 3 cas de coups et blessures, des incendies de\n17 maisons appartenant aux personnes retourn\u00e9es et le pillage des\nbiens dans plusieurs m\u00e9nages par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments\n_CODECO/URDPC_ dans les localit\u00e9s Awu, Jupalangu/Puna, Sana,\nJupazaga, Alii Yana et Ukebu Palimba en zone de sant\u00e9 de Rimba.\n\n - De plus, selon la note d\u2019informations humanitaires pour la province de\nl\u2019Ituri du 19 janvier 2023 publi\u00e9e par OCHA, entre le 1 [er] et le 8 janvier\n2023, au moins 03 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es, et plusieurs autres\nbless\u00e9es au cours d\u2019incursions arm\u00e9es dans plusieurs villages de la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Kambala, entrainant le d\u00e9placement de plus de\n23,000 personnes dans les villages voisins des territoires de Mahagi\net de Aru. Ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont majoritairement log\u00e9s dans des familles\nd\u2019accueil alors qu\u2019une minorit\u00e9 occupe des centres collectifs (\u00e9glises,\n\u00e9coles, etc.).\n\n\nSelon des autorit\u00e9s locales, ces personnes ont besoin d\u2019assistance\nen soins de sant\u00e9 primaire, abris, articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels, eau,\nhygi\u00e8ne et assainissement, vivres.\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\nLe territoire de Mambasa a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 impact\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme des _ADF_,\n_CODECO/URDPC_ et _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef_ notamment en janvier et f\u00e9vrier.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nLes violations rapport\u00e9es sont essentiellement des enl\u00e8vements, homicides,\ncoups et blessures, pillages de biens.\n\n\nL\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre illustratif, les exemples suivants :\n\n\n- Les 28 et 30 janvier 2023, un homme accus\u00e9 de collaborer avec des\nmilitaires des FARDC a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef_ dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 d\u2019Ahu, dans le groupement Bakaeku, en zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMandima et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef_ ont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une incursion dans le\ncarr\u00e9 minier de Bas-Congo, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyanya. Le bilan de\ncette incursion fait \u00e9tat du pillage d\u2019or et d\u2019argent et de coups et blessures\nsur 3 personnes.\n\n\n- Les 29 et 31 janvier, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments _CODECO/URDPC_ ont conduit des\nincursions respectivement dans la localit\u00e9 de Kalolo situ\u00e9e dans l\u2019aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Yedi, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu et dans la localit\u00e9 de\nMasange, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ont\ntu\u00e9 10 personnes, pill\u00e9 18 boutiques et provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\nd\u2019environ 166 m\u00e9nages vers la localit\u00e9 Yedi centre en zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMongbwalu (environ 60 m\u00e9nages) et vers les localit\u00e9s Some, Mambasa\net 81 autres m\u00e9nages vers Teturi.\n\n\n- Le 11 f\u00e9vrier, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF ont \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de\nl\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 24 personnes retourn\u00e9es et du pillage de 4 sacs de\ncacao et de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones dans la localit\u00e9 Masiliko situ\u00e9e dans l\u2019aire de\nsant\u00e9 Mabukulu en zone de sant\u00e9 de Lolwa.\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\nDans le territoire de Faradje, 218 violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es en f\u00e9vrier\net mars 2023.\n\n\nUne hausse des violations a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e en mars avec des atteintes aux\ndroits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique commises les jours des march\u00e9s\n(mardi et vendredi) au niveau des points de contr\u00f4le des FARDC dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 Libogo situ\u00e9e \u00e0 18 km d\u2019Aba et celle de Nyari, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 10 km au Sud\nd\u2019Aba sur l\u2019axe conduisant vers le site de Bele. En outre, en mars, 18 cas de\nVBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis.\n\n\n\n\n\n|Province|Mois|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
Propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation
du droit
\u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**NORD KIVU **|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**NORD KIVU **|_F\u00e9v_|135|176|184|57|\n|**NORD KIVU **|_Mars_|130|197|264|117|\n|**GRAND TOTAL**|**GRAND TOTAL**|**265**|**373**|**478**|**174**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection_\n_dans le Nord Kivu._\n\n\nLe premier trimestre a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 dans la province du Nord Kivu par une\nextension des zones sous contr\u00f4le du M23 entrainant de larges mouvements de\npopulation (411,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentant 61% des d\u00e9placements\ndurant la p\u00e9riode et 269,000 personnes retourn\u00e9es correspondant \u00e0 53% des\nretours sur la p\u00e9riode) ainsi que de nombreuses violations et incidents de\nprotection \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des populations civiles. Les acteurs du monitoring de\nprotection ont rapport\u00e9 **1436 violations et incidents de protection** de\njanvier \u00e0 mars 2023 dans la province.\n\n\nLes principales tendances de protection observ\u00e9es sont les repr\u00e9sailles\ncontre les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, la\npersistance des tensions intercommunautaires, des VBG et autres\nprobl\u00e8mes de protection dans les zones de d\u00e9placement.\n\n\nAu moins 8 alertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7ues de points focaux du Groupe Th\u00e9matique\nLutte Anti-Mines dans les territoires de Masisi et Rutshuru dans la p\u00e9riode\nconcern\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sent rapport et deux incidents d\u2019explosion et de\npr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosifs de guerre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soulign\u00e9s dans la ville et le\nterritoire de Beni en janvier 2023.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\nLes affrontements entre le M23 et les FARDC se sont poursuivis dans le\nterritoire de Rutshuru avec l\u2019extension des zones de conflits vers le territoire\nde Masisi. Ces affrontements provoquent des d\u00e9placements continus des\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\npopulations et aggravent leurs situations de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. Les femmes et\njeunes filles sont victimes d\u2019actes de VBG all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux acteurs arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques, lorsqu\u2019elles se rendent aux champs \u00e0 la recherche de vivres et de\nbois.\n\n- Les 16 et 25 janvier, 1.338 m\u00e9nages de 8.028 personnes ont fui la cit\u00e9\nde Kitshanga en territoire de Masisi \u00e0 la suite des affrontements entre\nl\u2019arm\u00e9e congolaise et le M23 et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans la localit\u00e9 de\nKatsiru, dans le groupement Bukombo en chefferie de Bwito.\n\n\n- Ainsi, le nombre total de m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 de Katsiru,\n\u00e9tait de 3.192 m\u00e9nages de 19.152 personnes, y compris les m\u00e9nages\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Katsiru du 23/10 au 04/12/2022 fuyant la prise par le\nM23 des plusieurs localit\u00e9s des chefferies de Bwisha et de Bwito en\nterritoire de Rutshuru.\n\n\n- Plusieurs incidents de protection sont \u00e0 d\u00e9plorer, notamment l\u2019homicide\nd\u2019une personne civile assimil\u00e9e aux combattants, des blessures graves\nsur une autre, la destruction de 5 habitations ainsi que des restrictions\ndes mouvements de populations.\n\n\n- A ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de s\u2019ajoutent des d\u00e9couvertes d\u2019engins explosifs dans des\nzones de fortes fr\u00e9quentations de populations notamment le 17 janvier \u00e0\nl\u2019entr\u00e9e d\u2019une \u00e9glise dans la localit\u00e9 de Rugari o\u00f9 d\u2019autres engins\nexplosifs sont signal\u00e9s dans la montagne environnante et le 21 janvier \u00e0\nKisharo dans un champ de caf\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019un accident relatif \u00e0 l\u2019explosion\nd\u2019un engin de guerre \u00e0 Kako au niveau de Chumirwa au nord-est de\nRubare ayant entrain\u00e9 la mort d\u2019une femme qui se rendait aux champs\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 l\u2019occupation de l\u2019h\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Bambo\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s depuis le 25 janvier 2023, exposant les malades\net le personnel soignant \u00e0 d\u2019importants risques de protection.\n\n\n**WALIKALE**\n\nLa situation de protection dans le territoire de Walikale a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e en\nf\u00e9vrier par des attaques des acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques dans le groupement\nKisimba. Plusieurs cas d\u2019abus et actes de repr\u00e9sailles contre les civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nall\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u00e0 des acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques. On note \u00e9galement une\nintensification des tensions communautaires, des recrutements et collecte\n\n\n\ndes taxes ill\u00e9gales dans tout le Nord-Est du territoire, dans le contexte des\naffrontements des groupes arm\u00e9s contre le M23.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\nLes affrontements du 24 janvier entre le _M23_ et les FARDC dans la partie\nOuest de Rutshuru se sont \u00e9tendus jusque dans la partie Est du territoire de\nMasisi notamment \u00e0 Rusekera-Mudugudu et dans la ville de Kitshanga qui\nserait pass\u00e9e, le 26 janvier, sous contr\u00f4le du _M23._\nPlusieurs abus et incidents de protection sont rapport\u00e9s dans la zone\nnotamment des actes de pillages et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civils.\n\n\nIl convient de noter que les affrontements du 23 et 24 d\u00e9cembre aurait\nentrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 4.343 m\u00e9nages de l\u2019agglom\u00e9ration de\nKitshanga vers Mweso, Ngigwe, Busumba, Kirumbu et 1.486 m\u00e9nages de\nMwanja, Burungu et ses environs vers Kibarizo, Mukoto, Nyamitaba.\n\n\nLes sources locales rapportent que ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes se trouvent dans\nl\u2019obligation d\u2019effectuer des mouvements pendulaires vers le centre de\nKitshanga pour s\u2019approvisionner en vivres et articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels,\ns\u2019exposant ainsi \u00e0 des abus et incidents de protection.\n\n\nLes m\u00eames sources rapportent que le 28 janvier, environ 298 m\u00e9nages de\n1.490 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Mweso se seraient \u00e0 nouveau d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Kalembe,\nIhula, Katobo, Malemo, Mpety et Pinga craignant les affrontements sur l\u2019axe\nMweso.\n\n\nCette situation a \u00e9galement entrain\u00e9 la coupure de l\u2019axe Goma-Kitchanga,\nimpliquant des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire pour au moins 300.000\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans les zones de Bashali, Bwito et le sud de Lubero.\n\n\nLes 30 et 31 janvier, des affrontements entre le _M23_ et les FARDC ont repris\naux environs de Burungu et Kitshanga, \u00e0 Ndondo apr\u00e8s une accalmie\nd\u2019environ 3 jours. On note des affrontements \u00e0 Ndondo, Rushebeshe,\nBurungu, Chahemba et Bumbasha. Environ 450 m\u00e9nages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ndes environs de Kitchanga vers Mweso. Environ 101 m\u00e9nages de Burungu\net Rushebeshe se sont dirig\u00e9s \u00e0 Nyamitaba, Nyakariba et Muheto.\nPlus de 350 m\u00e9nages de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et r\u00e9sidents de Mweso se sont\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Kalembe.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nLes femmes et les jeunes filles (groupements Kamuronza, MupfunyiMatanda, Bashali-Kaembe et Bapfuna) sont cibl\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019elles fuient les affrontements. Les femmes et les\njeunes filles du groupement de Biiri sont \u00e9galement cibl\u00e9es par des bandits\nnon-identifi\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019elles se rendent aux champs \u00e0 la recherche de vivres et\ndu bois.\nLes 1 [er] et 12 mars, des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont fui de Masisi\nvers Goma (sites de Bulengo) et Nyirangongo (Rusayo) suite \u00e0 la reprise des\ncombats \u00e0 Sake ainsi que vers Bweremana (sur l'axe Sake-Minova) dans le\nterritoire de Masisi suite aux affrontements dans la zone de Kitshanga et le\nparc national des Virunga le 15 mars.\nDepuis mi-mars, un certain calme est signal\u00e9 dans les zones de retrait du\n_M23_ mais les risques de protection dans ces zones persistent, car les\nlocalit\u00e9s lib\u00e9r\u00e9es par le _M23_ sont imm\u00e9diatement occup\u00e9es par d'autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 une certaine\nr\u00e9ticence \u00e0 retourner chez elles.\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 une \u00e9volution positive de l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire en mars : des\nm\u00e9dicaments, des produits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et des membres de\nl'\u00e9quipe humanitaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 achemin\u00e9s sur la route Goma - Sake - Kilolirwe\n\n- Kitchanga - Mweso. Plusieurs ONG se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es entre Goma et\nMasisi-centre au cours de la derni\u00e8re partie du mois de mars.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Le territoire de Beni continue d\u2019\u00eatre marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019augmentation de\nl\u2019usage des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux _ADF_ . La\nsituation s\u2019illustre par une s\u00e9rie d\u2019attaques \u00e0 la bombe ciblant les\npopulations civiles dont l\u2019attentat \u00e0 la bombe contre une \u00e9glise rapport\u00e9\nle 15 janvier \u00e0 Kasindi et qui aurait caus\u00e9 la mort d\u2019une dizaine de\npersonnes ainsi que l\u2019explosion du 25 janvier dans un march\u00e9 situ\u00e9 dans\nla ville de Beni qui aurait bless\u00e9 18 personnes.\n\n\n- Les acteurs de lutte antimines se sont mobilis\u00e9s pour la sensibilisation\ndes populations sur le danger des mines.\n\n\n- En mars, les violences contre les civils dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de\nKalunguta et Kyondo ont persist\u00e9. Les partenaires de protection estiment\nqu'une centaine de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et plusieurs autres enlev\u00e9es\n\n\n\ndans le territoire de Beni depuis le 1er mars. Il y a des d\u00e9placements\npr\u00e9ventifs vers Butembo et Beni par crainte de nouvelles incursions.\n\n\n- De pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments _ADF_ continuent d\u2019attaquer les agriculteurs dans\nleurs champs en territoire de Beni. Le 23 mars, 7 agriculteurs qui \u00e9taient\ndans leurs champs \u00e0 Vemba1, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s. Le 28 mars, 4 civils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans leurs champs aux environs du village Bayeyi. Au\nmoins 6 autres personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es. Ces victimes\ntravaillaient dans un champ de cacao.\n\n\n- Des acteurs locaux ont monitor\u00e9 77 incidents de protection durant deux\nmois dont 45 en janvier et 32 en f\u00e9vrier 2023 dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nd\u2019Oicha. Parmi les victimes, il y avait 47 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (61%), 15 retourn\u00e9s\n(19,5%) et 15 Autochtones (19,5%).\n\n\nAu titre des violations identifi\u00e9es :\n\n - _Violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 la l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique_ : 2 traitements\ninhumains et tortures, soit 3%, 34 mutilations et meurtres, soit 44%,\n6 bless\u00e9s, soit 8% ;\n\n - _Violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9_ : 4 enl\u00e8vements et d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s,\nsoit 5%, 1 arrestation arbitraire, soit 1% ;\n\n - _Atteinte au droit \u00e0 l\u2019unit\u00e9 familiale_ : 1 s\u00e9paration familiale, soit 1% ;\n\n - _Violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9_ : 3 destructions de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, soit 4%,\npillage 2 soit 3%, 1 vol, soit 1% ;\n\n - _Violence sexuelle_ : 21 viols et grossesses pr\u00e9coces, soit 27%.\n\n**NYIRAGONGO**\n\nEn f\u00e9vrier, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s venant des zones de combats,\nprincipalement \u00e0 Karenga, Kingi, Luhonga, Lupango, Malehe, Kabati,\nMushaki et Kimoka ainsi que des tensions communautaires accrues et une\naugmentation des manifestations contre les forces r\u00e9gionales de l\u2019EAC et de\nla MONUSCO. Ces troubles civils ont entrain\u00e9 des actes de vandalisme.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 7 f\u00e9vrier, un convoi de la MONUSCO en provenance\nde Kiwanja, a \u00e9t\u00e9 intercept\u00e9 par une manifestation de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\nde Kanyaruchinya qui voulaient v\u00e9rifier les contenus des v\u00e9hicules. La\nmanifestation a tourn\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9meute. Selon les sources officielles, 4 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, 28 autres bless\u00e9s, et 3 camions de la MONUSCO auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s.\n\n\nDiff\u00e9rentes sources ont signal\u00e9 que des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s accueillis \u00e0 Nyiragongo qui\nfont des mouvements pendulaires vers leurs champs au Nord de Nyiragongo\net sud de Rutshuru se seraient heurt\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles pour transporter leurs\nvivres vers les zones d\u2019accueil. Retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 Kibumba, ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9s de rentrer avec des colis par des acteurs arm\u00e9s sous peine\nde coups et blessures. Ces incidents se seraient pass\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de la barri\u00e8re\nsitu\u00e9e au niveau de Mboga, dans le village Rurimba. Selon des sources\nlocales, certaines maisons dans la zone ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9molies par les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nDe plus, le 21 f\u00e9vrier, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 serait entr\u00e9 dans le site\nde Bushagala. On note plusieurs cas VBG dans la zone. La militarisation, la\npr\u00e9sence des groupes arm\u00e9s et les violations du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites dans la zone de Nyiragongo continuent \u00e0 exposer les\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s aux abus.\n\n\nA la suite de la militarisation et des vides s\u00e9curitaires observ\u00e9s dans\ncertaines parties de la zone, diff\u00e9rents groupes des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et des\nbandits commettent des abus dans les environs de la ville de Goma.\nLe 25 mars, 6 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans des familles d\u2019accueil\nau village Bugamba, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es par des bandits arm\u00e9s lors d\u2019une\nincursion. 4 autres personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es par balles. Selon des\nsources locales, un conflit entre une des victimes et les bandits dans la zone\nd\u2019origine serait \u00e0 la base de cette attaque.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\nUn afflux de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 Kayna/Alimbongo a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en\nraison des combats dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kibirizi (dans le territoire de\nRutshuru) depuis le d\u00e9but du mois de mars, s\u2019ajoutant \u00e0 11,000 personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es arriv\u00e9es entre le 22 novembre 2022 et le 23 f\u00e9vrier 2023.\n\nEn f\u00e9vrier, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 des affrontements entre des factions _Mai-Mai_ qui ont\noccasionn\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements massifs. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 des troubles\ncivils qui ont paralys\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n\nDans la partie sud du territoire, entre les 3 et 9 mars, il y a eu une arriv\u00e9e\nmassive d\u2019environ 15.193 m\u00e9nages de 72.926 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Kyana. Cette situation est cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 la poursuite des\naffrontements dans les groupements Bambu et Mutanda sur le territoire de\nRutshuru. Ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes vivent en familles d\u2019accueil et centres\ncollectifs dans des conditions difficiles. L\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile dans la zone freine\nl\u2019assistance humanitaire malgr\u00e9 les besoins importants et urgents.\n\n# PROVINCES DU SUD KIVU ET MANIEMA (Kabambare)\n\n\n\n|Provinces|Mois|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**SUD KIVU **|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**SUD KIVU **|_F\u00e9v_|283|464|379|30|\n|**SUD KIVU **|_Mars_|426|695|457|56|\n|**GRAND TOTAL**|**GRAND TOTAL**|**709**|**1159**|**836**|**86**|\n\n\nLe Sud Kivu est la troisi\u00e8me province ayant connu les mouvements de\npopulation les plus importants durant le premier trimestre 2023. 102,000\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es principalement en raison de la crise du M23 au\nNord Kivu et se retrouve dans le territoire de Kalehe.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9currence des incursions et exactions commises par des groupes arm\u00e9s\n\u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la population civile, en d\u00e9pit des op\u00e9rations conjointes entre\nles FARDC et les Forces de D\u00e9fense Nationale du Burundi (FDNB) men\u00e9es\ndans les Hauts et Moyens Plateaux du Sud Kivu continue d\u2019\u00eatre observ\u00e9e\ndans la province.\n\n\nDe l\u2019activisme et la r\u00e9currence des exactions des groupes et hommes arm\u00e9s\n\u00e9trangers et locaux, il ressort que les territoires de Shabunda, Mwenga, Uvira\net Fizi sont les plus concern\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nEntre le 10 et le 23 mars, 799 violations de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es,\nchiffres qui sont en hausse comparativement au d\u00e9but de ce mois. Les\nterritoires les plus touch\u00e9s sont : Kalehe (359 cas), Fizi (190 cas), Shabunda\n(155 cas) et Uvira (48).\n\n\nDans la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, 36 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dont 24 cas de\nviol. Les territoires les plus touch\u00e9s par les viols sont : Shabunda (17 cas),\nFizi (03 cas), Uvira (03 cas), Kalehe (01 cas).\n\n\n20 violations graves contre les enfants en situation de conflits arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9es, parmi lesquelles 09 cas de meurtres/mutilations, 07 cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement/utilisation, 03 cas de viol/violence sexuelle et 01 cas de refus\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire. Les territoires les plus affect\u00e9s sont : Fizi (04\ncas), Kalehe (07 cas), Uvira (06 cas) et Shabunda (03 cas).\n\n\nIl est craint qu\u2019il y ait dans quelques semaines une augmentation des\nincidents de protection dans le triangle Maniema-Sud Kivu-Tanganyika, des\nincursions de groupes arm\u00e9s, des d\u00e9placements de civils, des attaques\ncontre les civils, y compris des violences sexuelles. \u00c0 la suite du d\u00e9part de la\nMonusco de Bendera, le groupe rebelle _Mai Mai Yakutumba_ pourrait \u00e9tablir\nune base dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\nEn d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier, suite aux affrontements entre les militaires FARDC et un\ngroupe arm\u00e9 ( _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Kijangala_ ) signal\u00e9s au village de Butumba, un\nmouvement de d\u00e9placement pr\u00e9ventif des populations a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9.\nEnviron 54 m\u00e9nages auraient quitt\u00e9 le village de Butumba situ\u00e9 dans le\ngroupement de Kigoma pour s\u2019installer \u00e0 Mahanga (situ\u00e9 dans le m\u00eame\ngroupement).\n\n\nIl est \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 dans le m\u00eame territoire la mont\u00e9e des cas\nd\u2019embuscades contre les usagers de la RN5 et de plusieurs autres abus\n(pillages et enl\u00e8vements) contre les civils dans la zone.\n\n\nSelon les sources locales, cette situation s\u2019expliquerait par les op\u00e9rations des\nforces r\u00e9gionales EAC dans les Hauts Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira qui\npousseraient les groupes arm\u00e9s cibl\u00e9s \u00e0 fuir les zones de combats en se\nrabattant sur les populations civiles habitants la Plaine de la Ruzizi.\n\n\nEn mars, des attaques cibl\u00e9es contre les civils se poursuivent dans les\ngroupements de Baliga et de Bamuguba o\u00f9 la faible pr\u00e9sence militaire\n\n\n\n(FARDC) et l\u2019activisme accru des groupes arm\u00e9s exposent les civils \u00e0 des\nattaques r\u00e9currentes, ciblant principalement les exploitants miniers ainsi que\nles petits commer\u00e7ants qui d\u00e9tiennent des minerais et de l\u2019argent.\n\n\nCons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces incidents, plusieurs violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es,\nnotamment des cas de pillage, de viols sur des femmes et des filles ainsi que\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements.\n\n\nL\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre illustratif, l\u2019attaque d\u2019un village rapport\u00e9 le 06 mars dans\nle groupement de Baliga qui aurait occasionn\u00e9 02 cas de viol, 17 cas des\ncoups et blessures, le pillage des biens de valeurs et 06 enl\u00e8vements de\npersonnes civiles r\u00e9quisitionn\u00e9es pour le transport du butin.\n\n\nDeux personnes civiles ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es le m\u00eame jour \u00e0 l\u2019occasion\nd\u2019une incursion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Nyafofo.\n\n\n**MWENGA**\n\nLe conflit foncier persistant qui oppose les communaut\u00e9s locales serait la\ncause des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les entit\u00e9s du secteur\nd\u2019Itombwe. Ces derniers apparent\u00e9s aux communaut\u00e9s ethniques,\nintensifieraient les repr\u00e9sailles d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 contre une autre.\nLe 19 mars 2023, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s auraient braqu\u00e9 deux motocyclistes,\nmembre d\u2019une autre communaut\u00e9 ethnique entre Mikenge et Kipupu. Les\nvictimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites dans la brousse. Le cadavre de l\u2019une des\ndeux victimes aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert le 20 mars 2023. Aucune information sur\nla situation de l\u2019autre victime n\u2019est connue.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re semaine marqu\u00e9e par des tensions populaires \u00e0\nUvira et ses environs, la deuxi\u00e8me semaine du mois de mars a connu la\nr\u00e9currence d\u2019attaques des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s dans la Plaine\nde la Ruzizi et dans les Hauts Plateaux d\u2019Uvira. Ce contexte aurait \u00e9t\u00e9\nexacerb\u00e9 par la circulation d\u2019armes parmi les civils, la faible pr\u00e9sence\nmilitaire FARDC dans plusieurs villages, et les op\u00e9rations conjointes des\nForces nationales de d\u00e9fense burundaise et des FARDC. Les violations\nqui r\u00e9sultent de ces attaques affectent les populations civiles qui habitent\nles zones suscit\u00e9es. Les femmes et les filles sont particuli\u00e8rement\naffect\u00e9es pendant la qu\u00eate des moyens de subsistances dans leurs\nchamps, et dans leurs milieux de r\u00e9sidence.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nEn effet, le 10 mars 2023, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s auraient\nattaqu\u00e9 une localit\u00e9 du groupement d\u2019Itara-Luvungi. Deux femmes\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es apr\u00e8s des menaces de mort \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019armes \u00e0 feu.\nLes survivantes auraient acc\u00e9d\u00e9 au paquet de prise en charge m\u00e9dicale\ndans une structure m\u00e9dicale locale.\n\n\n- Des enfants seraient victimes des restes d\u2019explosif de guerre non\nmarqu\u00e9s, dans d\u2019anciennes zones occup\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et\ndes adultes seraient victimes d\u2019attaques par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe 16 mars 2023, trois hommes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 la cible d\u2019une attaque\nconduite par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9, qui s\u2019identifient \u00e0 une\ncommunaut\u00e9 locale \u00e0 Rubarati. En repr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 ce cas, une attaque des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 qui s\u2019identifient \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 locale des\nvictimes aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite \u00e0 Kaholoholo, bastion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du\ngroupe arm\u00e9 en date du 17 mars 2023. Un affrontement aurait oppos\u00e9\nles deux groupes arm\u00e9s, occasionnant le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 d\u2019environ\n165 m\u00e9nages vers Kiryama.\n\n\nLe 19 mars 2023, cinq enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s par les \u00e9clats d\u2019une\ngrenade dans un champ \u00e0 Ndegu, tuant trois d\u2019entre eux et les deux autres\nvictimes suivraient des soins au sein d\u2019une structure m\u00e9dicale.\n\n\n**FIZI**\nLa ville de Baraka accueille depuis le mois de novembre 2022 environ 1.369\nm\u00e9nages (6.540 personnes) des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en provenance des HautsPlateaux de Fizi [4] .\n\nEn janvier, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 parmi ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes 31 ENA (22 gar\u00e7ons\net 9 filles) et 4 autres enfants chefs de m\u00e9nages (2 gar\u00e7ons et 2 filles). Les\nacteurs locaux signalent que les ENA vivent dans les familles d\u2019accueil\nspontan\u00e9s avec une faible capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse aux principaux besoins de\nbase tandis que les enfants chefs de m\u00e9nages d\u00e9pendent de la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9\ndes autres familles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans le site.\n\n\nEnviron 10.000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont arriv\u00e9es depuis la mi-f\u00e9vrier dans\nla zone de sant\u00e9 de Kimbi Lulenge (axe Butale-Lubichako-Ngalula), en raison\nd'affrontements dans le territoire de Kabambare. La r\u00e9ponse humanitaire\n\n\n4 Note de protection n\u00b0 04/TPO DRC_ Zone de sant\u00e9 de Fizi au Sud-Kivu, 30 janvier 2023TPO DCR\n\n\n\nreste limit\u00e9e, entre autres, \u00e0 cause de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 mais aussi des contraintes\nd'acc\u00e8s physique sur la RN5 (Lubonja - Iseke).\n\n\nDes attaques des bandits et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des deux groupes arm\u00e9s qui\ns\u2019identifient aux communaut\u00e9s locales se sont poursuivis en mars et ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsold\u00e9s par des cas d\u2019incendie criminel de maisons ; des cas de meurtre de\ncivils, de pillage, d\u2019enl\u00e8vement ainsi que d\u2019importants mouvements de\npopulations vers d\u2019autres zones ont marqu\u00e9 la semaine.\n\n\nDans la matin\u00e9e du 14 mars, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient\nattaqu\u00e9 les villages Musika, Kwijomba, Lubengyela et Kasulukwa2 : environ\n105 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et 15 civils tu\u00e9s. Des sources locales\nrenseignent des repr\u00e9sailles conduites par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un autre groupe\narm\u00e9, qui s\u2019identifient \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 des victimes. Un affrontement aurait\noppos\u00e9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ces deux groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Musika, Lubengyele et\nKasulukwa \u00e0 la m\u00eame date. Environ 537 m\u00e9nages se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s,\ncons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 cet affrontement, et plusieurs biens des civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nemport\u00e9s par ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe 11 mars 2023, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s auraient attaqu\u00e9 un\nconvoi d\u2019une organisation humanitaire, de retour d\u2019une distribution en faveur\nde d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, sur le tron\u00e7on routier Sebele-Kikonde. Au cours de\ncette attaque, deux agents humanitaires auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et des biens\nemport\u00e9s.\n\n\nSelon des sources locales, 06 \u00e9l\u00e9ments parmi les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs de\nl\u2019attaque auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un autre groupe arm\u00e9\net auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 remis au commandement des FARDC \u00e0 Baraka.\n\n\n**WALUNGU**\nEn janvier, les catastrophes naturelles ont accentu\u00e9 la situation que vivent\nles populations \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s dans l\u2019Axe Cinda,\ngroupement de Mulamba, en territoire de Walungu : destruction des\nmaisons, champs, \u00e9coles, poste de sant\u00e9, VBG, pillages, arrestations\narbitraires et torture\u2026\n\n\nLes ponts reliant Chinda et Tubimbi et Cinda et Luntukulu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s\npar la pluie et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits par suite du d\u00e9bordement de la rivi\u00e8re Nshesha.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\nLe 10 janvier 2023, 25 maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites par des intemp\u00e9ries. M\u00eame\nincident du 14 au 15 janvier 2023, o\u00f9 huit (8) villages de Cinda Sud ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9stabilis\u00e9s par les catastrophes naturelles ; 46 champs et 37 maisons dans\nces villages d\u00e9truites par la pluie et le vent violant.\n\n\nEn outre, du 21 au 22 janvier 2023, 2 \u00e9coles dans le village Nabiridja Cinda\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites par un vent violent et l\u2019unique Poste de sant\u00e9 de Nabiridja a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9.\n\n\nL\u2019ANR et un groupe arm\u00e9 en provenance de Tubimbi, aurait arr\u00eat\u00e9 des gens\net tortur\u00e9s des jeunes, arr\u00eat\u00e9 un d\u00e9plac\u00e9 \u00e2g\u00e9 de 25 ans et un autre de 30\nans, tous du village Kagundu.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\nDans le groupement de Kalima, la faible pr\u00e9sence des FARDC et les tensions\nintercommunautaires entre les Tembo et Hutu favorisent l\u2019activisme des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s ( _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef, Raiya Mutombok_ i d\u2019une part et _Nyatura/CNRD_\nd\u2019autre part) autour des carr\u00e9s et sites d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re.\n\nPlusieurs violations des droits humains et incidents de protection leur\nall\u00e9gu\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, notamment l\u2019enl\u00e8vement et l\u2019utilisation comme\nporteurs de 15 personnes dans la localit\u00e9 de Chireta par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments GA\nNyatura/CNRD le 1er f\u00e9vrier et ainsi que l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 03 autres\npersonnes dans le carr\u00e9 minier de Malonge le m\u00eame jour par la coalition\narm\u00e9e des _Raiya Mutomboki Hamakombo_ et _Mungoro._\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 du 02 au 04 f\u00e9vrier 2023 dans les groupements de Buzi,\nZiralo et Mubugu l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de nouvelles vagues des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes en provenance des territoires de Masisi et de Rutshuru dans la\nprovince du Nord Kivu.\n\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s les sources locales, ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ne seraient pas accept\u00e9s\npar la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te \u00e0 cause de rumeurs sur la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s du M23 qui seraient \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s.\n\nLa tendance inqui\u00e9tante des civils fuyant la crise du Nord-Kivu vers le SudKivu s\u2019est poursuivie, affectant le territoire de Kalehe : depuis le d\u00e9but du\nmois de mars, quelque 12.000 personnes seraient arriv\u00e9es \u00e0 Minova \u00e0 la\nsuite d'affrontements sur l'axe Sake - Minova (Nord-Kivu). Cette tendance\npourrait se poursuivre et, tenant compte de rumeurs persistantes\n\n\n\nd'infiltrations du M23, ces personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es pourraient \u00eatre confront\u00e9es\n\u00e0 des risques de protection particuliers dans leurs zones d'arriv\u00e9e.\n\nL'acc\u00e8s humanitaire \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion reste limit\u00e9, notamment en raison de\nl'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des probl\u00e8mes logistiques.\n\n\n**MANIEMA**\n\n- Dans le territoire de _**Kabambare**_ **,** la recrudescence de l\u2019activisme du\ngroupe arm\u00e9 _Mai-Mai Malaika_ a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 plusieurs violations et\natteintes \u00e0 la protection de la population.\n\n\nEn effet, en janvier, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 plusieurs cas de tortures et humiliation\nde femmes et filles en raison de leur \u00ab tenue vestimentaire \u00bb, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements\nsuivis d\u2019abus et d\u2019exploitation sexuelle, d\u2019utilisations d\u2019enfants comme\n\u00e9claireurs ou porteurs, des travaux forc\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s impos\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble\nde la population et de tortures des personnes accus\u00e9s de sorcellerie\n\n# PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n|Province|Mois|Violatio
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\u00e9
physiqu
e|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**TANGANYIKA **|_Jan_|2|4|3|0|\n|**TANGANYIKA **|_F\u00e9v_|10|57|97|5|\n|**TANGANYIKA **|_Mars_|157|164|200|11|\n|**GRAND TOTAL**|**GRAND TOTAL**|**169**|**225**|**300**|**16**|\n\n\n\n- Au moins 680 violations des droits humains document\u00e9s dans la\nprovince au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue.\n\n- Cette baisse dans les chiffres des incidents de protection et violations,\nloin de traduire une am\u00e9lioration de la situation de protection, se\njustifie plut\u00f4t par la r\u00e9duction des zones de couverture du monitoring\nde protection faute de financement.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- Le trimestre \u00e9coul\u00e9 \u00e9tait marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme tr\u00e8s croissant des\nmilices Ma\u00ef \u2013 Ma\u00ef.\nDans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kalemie, l\u2019activisme de la milice de la\nfaction KILIMA \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s remarqu\u00e9 avec beaucoup d\u2019attaques\nsignal\u00e9es qui se sont fait accompagn\u00e9es des plusieurs exactions.\n\n- L\u2019ensemble de ces violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans le territoire de\nKalemie dans les ZS de Nyemba et de Kalemie marqu\u00e9es par\nl\u2019activisme des miliciens Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef de la faction KILIMA et autres\nhommes arm\u00e9s ainsi que par un conflit intercommunautaire.\n\n- A titre illustratif, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 entre le 07 et le 12 f\u00e9vrier, 02 attaques\nde ces miliciens dans les villages Mulange et Mifiondo situ\u00e9es dans\nla Zone de sante de Nyemba avec pour bilan 02 cas d\u2019homicides, 35\ncas de coups et blessures l\u2019incendie de 02 habitations ainsi que des\npillages massifs des biens appartenant aux personnes civiles.\n\n- La province a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9e par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes en provenance de la province voisine du Maniema. Ces\npersonnes se sont principalement \u00e9tablies dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de\nLambo Katenga dans la ZS de Nyemba.\n\n\n- Les 4 et 05 mars des violations auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 commises \u00e0 l\u2019occasion\ndes affrontements arm\u00e9s opposant les miliciens Liwa \u00e0 ceux de\nBishambuke pour le contr\u00f4le de carri\u00e8res mini\u00e8res \u00e0 Kanje, Africa,\nMatete dans les Hauts Plateaux de Batumba avec comme bilan 09\nhomicides, des coups et blessures (07 personnes), des incendies de\nmaison (210) et pillages de cent quatre-vingts (180) habitations, ainsi\nque des enl\u00e8vements des civils (03 personnes).\n\n\n# PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n|Provinces|Mois|Violation
s du
droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
s du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation
s du
droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**KASAI**|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**KASAI**|_F\u00e9v_|0|0|0|0|\n|**KASAI**|_Mars_|12|46|35|24|\n|**KASAI**|**_Total_**|12|46|35|24|\n|**KASAI**
**ORIENTAL**|_Jan_|0|0|0|0|\n|**KASAI**
**ORIENTAL**|_F\u00e9v_|0|0|0|0|\n|**KASAI**
**ORIENTAL**|_Mars_|11|31|40|23|\n|**KASAI**
**ORIENTAL**|**_Total_**|11|31|40|23|\n|**KASAI**
**CENTRAL**|_Jan_|11|42|32|32|\n|**KASAI**
**CENTRAL**|_F\u00e9v_|20|144|84|76|\n|**KASAI**
**CENTRAL**|_Mars_|46|196|165|243|\n|**KASAI**
**CENTRAL**|**_Total_**|77|382|281|351|\n|**GRAND TOTAL**|**GRAND TOTAL**|**100**|**459**|**356**|**398**|\n\n\n\n- Les provinces de la zone Kasai restent marqu\u00e9es par la persistance des\nconflits intercommunautaires sporadiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion du pouvoir\ncoutumier et par des multiples violations des droits des personnes\nessentiellement commises par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la PNC et population\ncivile.\n1,313 violations et incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode, dont 76% dans le Kasai Central.\n\n\n**Kananga** en particulier demeure tr\u00e8s instable du fait d\u2019une forte\naugmentation car le nombre d\u2019incidents entre fevrier et mars. Cette\naugmentation des incidents est manifeste surtout pour les cas de VBG\n(agressions physiques et viol) et de violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n(taxes ill\u00e9gales et extorsions des biens) et les violations de droit \u00e0 la vie\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER, FEVRIER & MARS 2023**\n\n\n\net l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et blessures, tortures et traitements\ninhumains et homicides/Meurtres).\n\n\n**Kamako :** Selon les chiffres fournis par la DGM 5,427 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nexpuls\u00e9es et enregistr\u00e9es au poste de Kamako entre janvier et mars\n2023. [5]\n\n# PROVINCE DU MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit du retour constat\u00e9 de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui avaient fui les atrocit\u00e9s dans le\nterritoire de Kwamouth et de la reprise d\u2019une vie quasi normale, les acteurs\nlocaux de protection ont signal\u00e9 un regain d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par des\nattaques contre les populations civiles dans la province du Mai-Ndombe en\nd\u00e9but mars 2023.\n\n\nLes sources locales rapportent en effet, plusieurs incursions d\u2019hommes\narm\u00e9s entre le 04 et le 17 mars dans les villages Menkwo, Tobakita et Kinsele\nsitu\u00e9s dans le territoire de Kwamouth (province mai-Ndombe) occasionnant\nau moins le meurtre de 29 civils. Les t\u00e9moignages des habitants font\n\u00e9galement \u00e9tat des pillages et actes de destruction des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.\nCes incidents auraient entrain\u00e9 d\u2019importants mouvements de population en\ndirection de la ville de Bandundu dans la province du Kwilu.\nLes m\u00eames sources rapportent \u00e9galement que suite \u00e0 des rumeurs\nd\u2019attaques imminentes du village Basiala situ\u00e9 \u00e0 12 Km de Kinsele, celui-ci\nserait vid\u00e9 de ses habitants en d\u00e9placement \u00e0 la fois vers les for\u00eats\nenvironnantes ou vers la province du Kwilu.\nIl a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9, le 12 mars 2022, une attaque arm\u00e9e contre une\nbaleini\u00e8re en provenance de Kinshasa \u00e0 hauteur du territoire de Kwamouth,\nd\u00e9barquant une centaine des passagers sur la rive oppos\u00e9e, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 Congo\nBrazzaville.\nL\u2019incident aurait occasionn\u00e9 le pillage des biens des passagers, plusieurs cas\nd\u2019homicides de personnes civiles ainsi que des nombreuses disparitions.\n\n\n5 Rapport de la mission inter organisations d\u2019\u00e9valuation de la situation de protection et humanitaire au\npoint d\u2019entr\u00e9e de Kamako, fronti\u00e8re RDC \u2013 Angola, RDC (Rapport Mission Kamako mars 2023.pdf),\nMars 2023\n\n\n\nIl convient de noter que ce regain de violence intervient apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode\nd\u2019accalmie au cours de laquelle des mouvements timides de retour des\npopulations \u00e9taient annonc\u00e9s.\nEn date du 17 mars 2023, les autorit\u00e9s locales du secteur de Wamba\nFatundu ont rapport\u00e9 que le responsable de l'\u00e9cole BITIKA dans le\ngroupement FAKAMBA a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 et br\u00fbl\u00e9 vif. Un kit d\u2019enr\u00f4lement\n\u00e9lectoral aurait aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 br\u00fbl\u00e9.\n\n# LIMITATIONS\n\n\n- Cet apercu est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 exceptionnellement sur une base trimestrielle \u00e0 partir\ndes informations et des rapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\ntravers les \u00e9changes et des discussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport\ntelles que disponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s\npar des exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du\nplaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre\naux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et\nam\u00e9liorer le rapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ou Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5ade9358-d5aa-4b90-bd71-0d5f191fc459/Points%20saillants%20situation%20protection_DR%20Congo_%20Jan-Mars%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_531/raw/doc_531_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_531/raw/doc_531_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e78042329ad7fde5784c6381ff5c0299baa86f66..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_531/raw/doc_531_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nAu vu de la situation s\u00e9curitaire toujours instable dans l\u2019Est de la RDC, les\ns\u00e9nateurs du pays ont adopt\u00e9 le 14 septembre 2023 le projet de loi portant\nprorogation (pour 15 jours) de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge en Ituri et au Nord-Kivu pour la\n58 [e] fois cons\u00e9cutive.\n\n\nDurant la p\u00e9riode sous revue, la situation de protection est rest\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e\npar les violations et abus perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre les civils au cours des attaques\narm\u00e9es qui interpellent la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire et n\u00e9cessitent de\nsouligner les faits les plus marquants de la p\u00e9riode ci-apr\u00e8s :\n\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, poursuite des attaques par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF\ncontre des agriculteurs dans les parties nord-ouest et nord-est du\nterritoire de Beni et all\u00e9gations d\u2019abus \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s lors du\nrecouvrement des taxes ill\u00e9gales ; ces groupes arm\u00e9s profiteraient des\nvides s\u00e9curitaires apr\u00e8s le retrait des militaires FARDC depuis avril 2023\nau sud-est et sud-ouest du territoire.\n\n\n- Dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, poursuite des affrontements entre les M23 et\nles groupes arm\u00e9s locaux dans le territoire de Masisi ; affrontements\nentre des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans la partie sud-ouest de Rutshuru o\u00f9 il a\n\u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que le M23 a renforc\u00e9 ses effectifs, entrainant\ndes abus et d\u00e9placements ; renforcement des recouvrements des taxes\nill\u00e9gales par un groupe arm\u00e9 qui proc\u00e8derait la nuit dans des maisons\ndans Walikale ; cas d\u2019abus et violations dans les zones d\u2019accueil ou lors\nde mouvements de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (PDIs) et r\u00e9sidents dans le\nterritoire de Nyiragongo vers le parc de Virunga ou autres zones \u00e0 risque.\n\n\n- Dans la province de l\u2019 **Ituri**, principalement dans les territoires de Djugu,\nIrumu, Mahagi, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 Faradje, dans la province du **Haut Uele**, les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s Mai Mai, Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour\nla D\u00e9fense du Peuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le\nD\u00e9veloppement du Congo (CODECO/URDPC), FRPI, Za\u00efre et FPIC se\n\n\n1\nRapport mensuel de monitoring de protection ITURI et HAUT-UELE | Septembre 2023\n\n\n\nsont illustr\u00e9s par des attaques de villages et des embuscades sur les\naxes routiers assorties de meurtres, de coups et blessures, de pillages,\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements et d\u2019incendies contre les civils et leurs biens. D\u2019autre part,\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 ADF ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme auteurs des\nmeurtres, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de coups et blessures sur la population dans\nles territoires d\u2019Irumu et Mambasa. Des militaires des FARDC et des\nagents de la PNC auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme auteurs\nd\u2019arrestations arbitraires, de coups et blessures et d\u2019extorsions de biens\ndes civils notamment dans le territoire d\u2019Aru en province de l\u2019Ituri et \u00e0\nFaradje dans la province du Haut U\u00e9l\u00e9 [1] ;\n\n\n- Au **Sud-Kivu**, la situation de protection demeure pr\u00e9occupante dans les\nProvinces du Sud-Kivu, cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 l\u2019activisme des groupes\narm\u00e9s qui se traduit par la commission de plusieurs violations des droits\nde l\u2019homme ;\n\n\n- La persistance des violences cons\u00e9cutives au conflit intercommunautaire\nen cours dans le **Mai-Ndombe** et, plus particuli\u00e8rement, les incursions\ndes miliciens Yakas ( _Mobondos_ ) et les affrontements entre ces derniers\net les FARDC dans les provinces du **Kwango, Kwilu** et Ma\u00ef-Ndombe ;\n\n\n- Dans les **provinces du Kasa\u00ef** (Tshikapa, Kakenge, Mweka) **, Kasa\u00ef-**\n**Central** (Kazumba, Dibaya) **et Kasa\u00ef-Oriental** (Miabi) **,** poursuite de\nconflits fonciers et d\u2019acte de banditisme;\n\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, des conflits et activit\u00e9s de groupes\narm\u00e9s sont encore persistants et provoquent de nombreux incidents de\nprotection en particulier dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba en territoire\nde Kalemie. Plusieurs cas de braquages ou incursion des hommes\narm\u00e9s sont \u00e0 la base des atteintes \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique ainsi\nque des violations \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 par pillages ou extorsions des biens. En\noutre, des exactions des militaires FARDC pr\u00e9occupent vivement dans\nles territoires de Moba et Manono.\n\n\n- Les acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 environ **14,069**\nviolations et incidents de protection en septembre 2023, soit une\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\ndiminution de **25%** par rapport au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt avec **18,835** violations et\nincidents. Parmi ces violations, il y a au moins **243** homicides, **3,236**\nvictimes de coups et blessures, **248** victimes de torture et traitements\ninhumains, **1,057** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **1,058** travaux forc\u00e9s, **484**\nviols et **249** violations 1612.\n\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Poursuivre le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s locales et provinciales pour\nla protection des t\u00e9moins des abus graves de droits de l\u2019homme qui\nacceptent de fournir leurs t\u00e9moignages \u00e0 la Justice congolaise.\n_(BCNUDH)_\n\n\n- Renforcer les s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation des groupes arm\u00e9s pour leur\nadh\u00e9sion au processus de d\u00e9mobilisation (PDDRC-S). _(PDDRC-Section_\n_DDR de la Monusco et partenaires d\u2019ex\u00e9cution)_\n\n\n- Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes de VBG \u00e0 une prise en charge holistique\n\u00e0 Kalehe (Sud Kivu) - _(Cluster Protection_ / _VBG)_\n\n\n- Mener un plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s au niveau provincial et national\npour la mise en place d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable processus de dialogue entre les\ncommunaut\u00e9s en conflit dans les provinces du Mai Ndombe, de Kwilu et\nde Kwango en vue d\u2019un r\u00e8glement pacifique de celui-ci (Cluster\nProtection)\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|1,048 Cas de VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||||**249 Violations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des**
**all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9s aux m\u00e9canismes MRM**|\n||||**3,742 Violations du droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique**|\n||||**4,001 Violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9**|\n||||**4,980 Cas de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9**
**(extorsion des biens, incendies, taxes ill\u00e9gales,**
**pillages)**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n**VIOLATIONS DES DROITS DE JANVIER A SEPTEMBRE 23**\n\n\n|Col1|T1|T2|T3|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Droits \u00e0 la libert\u00e9|1,876|3,319|11,473|\n|Droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|4,168|8,200|16,407|\n|Droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|3,038|5,832|12,240|\n|Alertes de cas de VBG|991|2,111|3,490|\n|Alertes sur les 6 violations graves
des droits de l'enfant (r\u00e9s. 1612)|256|278|1,121|\n|Conflits fonciers|87|431|338|\n\n\n\nLe graphique ci-dessous illustre la r\u00e9partition des violations par\nprovinces/hub humanitaires ainsi que par type de violation. Le premier\ngraphique montre que le nombre de violations commises au Sud Kivu reste\nparticuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9. Bien que les chiffres du Maindombe, Kwilu et Kwango\nsoit particuli\u00e8rement bas, ceci ne refl\u00e8te pas forc\u00e9ment la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. En effet, la\nremont\u00e9e des informations concernant cette r\u00e9gion n\u2019a r\u00e9ellement d\u00e9but\u00e9\nqu\u2019en T3 avec un nombre limit\u00e9 d\u2019acteurs aux capacit\u00e9s r\u00e9duites. Pour\nrappel, le monitoring de protection ne couvre pas forc\u00e9ment l\u2019ensemble des\nzones de chaque hub pour l\u2019ensemble des p\u00e9riodes. Les donn\u00e9es ne sont\ndonc pas r\u00e9ellement comparables d\u2019une zone \u00e0 l\u2019autre mais refl\u00e8te toutefois\ndes tendances observ\u00e9es sur le terrain.\n\n\n\nLe graphique ci-dessous montre que les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sont\nles plus importantes suivie du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations des droits en Septembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**1612**|**Total**|**% **|\n|**Aru**|29|45|8|19|0|**101**|**4 **|\n|**Djugu**|156|381|113|47|0|**697**|**30**|\n|**Faradje**|3|94|12|2|0|**111**|**5 **|\n|**Irumu**|77|301|201|103|9|**691**|**29**|\n|**Mahagi**|75|302|227|36|1|**641**|**27**|\n|**Mambasa**|5|78|13|8|0|**104**|**4 **|\n|**TOTAL**|**345**|**1,202**|**574**|**215**|**10**|**2,345**|**100**|\n\n\n_Graphique montrant les tendances de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection_\n_en Ituri depuis janvier 2023_\n\n\n\n\n- **2,345 violations et abus** des droits humains et autres incidents de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s en septembre 2023 par les acteurs du\nmonitoring de protection sur l\u2019ensemble des territoires de la province\nd\u2019Ituri et dans celui de Faradje dans le Haut U\u00e9l\u00e9, repr\u00e9sentant une\nbaisse de 19.38 % comparativement au mois d\u2019aout 2023 avec **2,909**\nviolations et abus.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier, 50,931 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations dont\n18,821 femmes, 29,697 hommes et 2413 enfants)\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Avec **697 violations** repr\u00e9sentant **30 %** des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri et Faradje, le territoire compte le plus grand nombre de\nviolations pour le mois, soit une **baisse de 182** cas par rapport au mois\nd\u2019ao\u00fbt 2023 ( **879 cas** ).\n\n\nCette baisse pourrait r\u00e9sulter, entre autres, du renforcement de la\npr\u00e9sence dissuasive des militaires des Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique\nD\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Lita, Nizi\nDrodro, Fataki et Tchomia depuis le 25 ao\u00fbt 2023. D\u2019autre part, elle\npourrait se justifier par les plaidoyers men\u00e9s par les leaders\ncommunautaires pour la suppression des barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par de\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la CODECO/URDPC sur l\u2019axe\nKpandroma-Jiba au niveau desquelles ils soumettent des civils retourn\u00e9s\nau paiement obligatoire d\u2019une somme allant de 500 FC \u00e0 1000 FC.\n\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 d\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re semaine du mois de septembre, le passage\ndes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la CODECO du Nord (Secteur de\nWalendu Pitsi) vers l\u2019Ouest (Secteur de Walendu Djatsi en chefferie de\nMabendi). Cette pr\u00e9sence massive de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans\nla partie ouest du territoire aurait affect\u00e9 la protection des civils\nprincipalement de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Damas et Mongbwalo.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 08 septembre 2023, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nde la CODECO/URDPC auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 des attaques simultan\u00e9es\ndans les localit\u00e9s de Mbidjo et Loki, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Damas\n\n\nPar ailleurs, de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe Za\u00efre auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s\ncomme auteurs d\u2019extorsions des biens de civils dans des localit\u00e9s des\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nzones de sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu et Mangala. A titre illustratif, le 02\nseptembre 2023, dans la localit\u00e9 de Plito, en zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMongbwalu, 11 propri\u00e9taires des chantiers miniers auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis\nau paiement de 1.000 dollars am\u00e9ricains chacun, par un g\u00e9n\u00e9ral autoproclam\u00e9 du groupe arm\u00e9 du Za\u00efre. Il justifierait cet acte comme une\ncontribution pour l\u2019am\u00e9nagement d\u2019un a\u00e9rodrome dans ladite localit\u00e9 qui\npourrait faciliter le ravitaillement des armes pour la protection des civils\net leurs biens.\nEn fin de p\u00e9riode, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la\nCODECO/URDPC et du Za\u00efre auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s comme auteurs\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements sur la route nationale num\u00e9ro 27, d\u2019extorsions et de\npillages des biens dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Bambu, Linga, Rethy,\nMangala et Drodro.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- **691 violations,** soit 29 % des cas, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, soit une hausse\nde **16.32%** ( **97 cas** ) par rapport au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2023 durant lequel 594\ncas avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Cette hausse qui s\u2019est fait ressentir d\u00e8s la 2 [e] semaine de septembre\npourrait s\u2019expliquer par la pr\u00e9sence des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des Forces\nD\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es (ADF) ayant fui les op\u00e9rations de traque men\u00e9es\npar les forces coalis\u00e9es FARDC-UPDF au Nord Kivu vers des localit\u00e9s\nsitu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de la Route Nationale num\u00e9ro 04 (RN4) dans la province\nde l\u2019Ituri.\n\n\n- En outre, des embuscades emmaill\u00e9es de violations des droits humains\nprincipalement des pillages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments\narm\u00e9s de la Force de R\u00e9sistance Patriotique de l\u2019Ituri (FRPI) dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Gety et Boga. A titre d\u2019exemple, Le 02 septembre 2023, 04\nhommes retourn\u00e9s, accus\u00e9s d\u2019avoir franchi une barri\u00e8re des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nla FRPI sans payer auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis au payement de 10.000FC\nchacun dans la localit\u00e9 de Matafu en zone de sant\u00e9 de Gety.\n\n\nLe 07 septembre 2023, de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef/Mazembe\nauraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une incursion dans la localit\u00e9 de Balingina, en zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Komanda. Lors de cette incursion, ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments\narm\u00e9s auraient tu\u00e9 par balles 18 personnes retourn\u00e9es, bless\u00e9 11 autres\npersonnes et incendi\u00e9 06 maisons.\n\n\n\n\n- De plus, des suppos\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques\nAlli\u00e9es ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s comme auteurs des meurtres,\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement et pillage dans quelques localit\u00e9s non couvertes par des\nservices de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- **641 violations** repr\u00e9sentant 27 % des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, soit une\ndiminution de 16.64 % par rapport au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec 769 cas. Cette\nbaisse observ\u00e9e dans ledit territoire pourrait r\u00e9sulter des sessions de\nsensibilisation que continuent de r\u00e9aliser des autorit\u00e9s et leaders au\nsortir de la s\u00e9ance d\u2019\u00e9valuation des acquis des dialogues\ncommunautaires organis\u00e9s par des autorit\u00e9s territoriales aux mois de\nmai et juin 2023 au centre de Mahagi et dans la localit\u00e9 de Djalasiga.\n\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 cette baisse observ\u00e9e, l\u2019environnement protecteur des civils est\nrest\u00e9 pr\u00e9occupant dans la mesure ou des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de\nl\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense du Peuple Congolais de la\nCoop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo (CODECO/URDPC) ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs d\u2019embuscades assorties des violations des droits humains\nprincipalement des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsions des biens et des\ncoups et blessures dans les zones de de sant\u00e9 de Rimba, Kambala, Logo\net Angumu.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, des militaires des FARDC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s comme\nauteurs d\u2019extorsions des biens dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyarambe.\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- **111 violations et abus** repr\u00e9sentant **5 %** des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es\n\u00e0 Faradje en septembre 2023, avec une baisse de pr\u00e8s de 44% (87 cas)\ncomparativement au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec 198.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, des militaires des FARDC seraient principalement\nindex\u00e9s comme auteurs d\u2019extorsions de biens au niveau des barri\u00e8res\nmalgr\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rentes sessions de plaidoyer men\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales aupr\u00e8s de leur commandement pour la suppression des quelques\ncheck points restants. Les effets des plaidoyers \u00e0 l\u2019endroit du\ncommandement des FARDC se sont en revanche ressentis \u00e0 partir de la\nderni\u00e8re semaine de septembre avec la suppression de quelques\nbarri\u00e8res sur les axes menant vers les march\u00e9s et entre les deux sites\nde Meri et Bele.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- Des violations des droits humains attribu\u00e9es aux militaires de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de\nLib\u00e9ration du Peuple Soudanais (SPLA) qui, pr\u00e9textant poursuivre des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du National Salvation Army (NSA), ont conduit des incursions,\nle 08 septembre 2023, dans trois localit\u00e9s du groupement Dramba en\nchefferie de Logo Bagela dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Aba. Ces militaires\nsoudanais auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme auteurs des meurtres et pillages\ndans ces localit\u00e9s.\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations de droits -Septembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**





|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**


|**VBG**





|**1612**





|**Droits**
**fonciers**




|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Lubero**|36|38|79|6|10|0|**_169_**|**_9 _**|\n|**Masisi**|229|184|239|95|40|2|**_789_**|**_42_**|\n|**Nyiragongo**|74|33|37|95|0|0|**_259_**|**_14_**|\n|**O\u00efcha**|75|70|77|1|1|0|**_224_**|**_12_**|\n|**Rutshuru**|107|88|63|29|6|0|**_293_**|**_16_**|\n|**Autres**
**(Butembo,**
**Goma,**
**Walikale)**|46|07|38|27|7|0|**_125_**|**_7 _**|\n|**TOTAL**|**567**|**420**|**553**|**253**|**64**|**2 **|**_1,859_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n2 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n_Graphique montrant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[2]_ _dans le Nord Kivu._\n\n\n- Environ **1,859 abus et violations des droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection au cours de cette p\u00e9riode.\n\n\n- Le territoire le plus affect\u00e9 est Masisi ( **789 cas** ), comptant 42% des cas\ndu mois.\n\n\n- S\u2019agissant des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG), **253** cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s, parmi lesquels 79,4 % sont des cas de viols : Nyiragongo\n(81), Masisi (77), Rutshuru (20), Goma (16).\n\n\n- Les principaux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs seraient des acteurs arm\u00e9s. S\u2019agissant\nde **violations graves commises contre des enfants** dans des\nsituations de conflit arm\u00e9, **64 cas** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, dont 28 cas de\nviolences sexuelles, 9 cas de meurtres/mutilation d\u2019enfants et 26 cas de\nrecrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants et enl\u00e8vements.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, 43,649 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ces\nviolations dont 9512 femmes18,546 hommes, et 15,591 enfants).\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Au sud du territoire de Masisi, des affrontements entre des acteurs arm\u00e9s\nont entrain\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements massifs et des meurtres de population.\nOn note \u00e9galement des conflits fonciers apr\u00e8s le retour des PDIs dans la\nzone.\n\n- Au nord-est du territoire, les mouvements et renforcement des effectifs\ndes acteurs arm\u00e9s, notamment sur l\u2019axe Sake-Kitshanga, continuent\nd\u2019entrainer des abus.\n\n- Au nord-ouest du territoire, en groupement Bashali-Mukoto, des\naffrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s du M23 et d\u2019autres groupes\ncontinuent d\u2019entrainer des d\u00e9placements et des abus. C\u2019est ainsi que les\naffrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s les 20 et 27 septembre ont entrain\u00e9\nle d\u00e9placements forces de plus **357 m\u00e9nages de 15,785 individus** de\nzones de sant\u00e9 de Mweso.\n\n- Au centre du territoire, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s poursuivent leurs incursions\ndans des sites PDIs.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Au cours de deux premi\u00e8res semaines de la p\u00e9riode, la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9e volatile dans le territoire de Rutshuru \u00e0 cause de la\nr\u00e9surgence des affrontements arm\u00e9s depuis d\u00e9but juin, entrainant des\nmouvements de populations.\n\n\n- L\u2019augmentation des effectifs des groupes arm\u00e9s dans la chefferie Bwito,\nau sud-ouest du territoire, ne cesse d\u2019accroitre le risque d\u2019affrontements\net des attaques contre les populations civiles.\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation persistante du contexte s\u00e9curitaire affecte l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire dans cette zone, avec deux incidents ciblant les\nhumanitaires signal\u00e9s entre le 4 et 5 septembre. En effet, des sources\nhumanitaires et s\u00e9curitaires ont rapport\u00e9 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de neuf\ntravailleurs humanitaires, \u00e0 ces dates, \u00e0 Kabasha dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nde Kibirizi et \u00e0 Gatega dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Rwanguba. Les cinq\notages kidnapp\u00e9s le 4 septembre \u00e0 Kabasha ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s le m\u00eame\njour, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, sans avoir subi de\nviolences physiques, tandis que trois des quatre autres enlev\u00e9s le 5\n\n\n3 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Nord Kivu | Septembre 2023\n\n\n\nseptembre \u00e0 Gatega ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s le 9 septembre. Ces derniers ont subi\ndes violences et leurs parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints \u00e0 payer une ran\u00e7on.\n\n- Des affrontements lors des patrouilles des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les zones\nde Tongo, Bishusha et Bukombo continuent. Ces affrontements\nentrainent des d\u00e9placements et abus.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 13 septembre, deux acteurs arm\u00e9s, en patrouilles\nse sont affront\u00e9s aux environs du village Rushovu. 27 hommes auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s. 25 victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es le 14 septembre. 2 victimes\nresteraient en captivit\u00e9. Le village Rushovu serait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 par un des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre une base de groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux dans la zone. [ 3]\n\n\nLe 24 septembre, environ 50 hommes r\u00e9sidents de Mulimbi et Kanaba,\nen groupement Tongo auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis aux transports des effets\nmilitaires lors de passage des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Ces hommes\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s apr\u00e8s ces travaux.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Dans les groupements de Batangi-Mbau, de Bolema des attaques contre\ndes agriculteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9es lors des diff\u00e9rents mouvements des ADF.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, dans la nuit du 24 au 25 septembre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nADF auraient men\u00e9 une incursion dans le village Kikinki, en groupement\nBolema. 7 civils dont 3 femmes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par machette et une\ndizaine d\u2019autres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et emmen\u00e9s dans un lieu inconnu.\nA la suite de cette incursion, **environ 876 m\u00e9nages de 3,942 personnes**\ndu village Kikingi et des villages voisins se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9ventivement\nvers plusieurs villages de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kamango.\n\n\n- Il y a des risques que le nombre d\u2019attaques contre les agriculteurs\naugmente au cours des prochains mois, qui correspondent \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode\nde r\u00e9coltes des cacaos dans plusieurs axes du territoire qui sont\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement cibl\u00e9s par les ADF, \u00e0 savoir les zones de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha,\nKamango et Mutwanga.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- **Environ 8,337 violations et abus des droits humains dont 223 cas**\n**de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es dans les\nterritoires (respectivement Uvira, Kalehe, Mwenga, Shabunda, Walungu,\net Fizi) de la province. Une r\u00e9duction de **1,208 cas** par rapport au mois\nd\u2019ao\u00fbt 2023 (avec **10,545 cas** ) est constat\u00e9e, soit **11.45** %. :\n\n\n- Cette diminution s\u2019explique essentiellement par des probl\u00e8mes\ntechniques rencontr\u00e9s par le Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses (SAR) du\nHCR dans la premi\u00e8re semaine de la p\u00e9riode. L\u2019on a constat\u00e9 une\naugmentation assez significative des incidents de protection \u00e0 partir de\nla 2 [e] semaine du mois de septembre 2023.\n\n\n- Des activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les entit\u00e9s des Hauts et Moyens\nPlateaux et Plaine de la Ruzizi/Uvira, et dans les groupements de\nBizalugulu et Balobola/Mwenga justifieraient cette augmentation\nd\u2019incidents de protection.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, ces violations ont touch\u00e9 35,102 personnes (7242\nfemmes, 25735 hommes et 2125 enfants)\n\n\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Uvira est le territoire du Sud Kivu o\u00f9 le plus grand nombre de cas de\nviolations des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s en septembre 2023\navec **1,913 cas** contre **1,975 en ao\u00fbt 2023** .\n\n\n- Les op\u00e9rations militaires des forces sous r\u00e9gionales (EAC) se\npoursuivent mais l\u2019environnement de protection reste pr\u00e9occupant dans\nle territoire d\u2019Uvira.\n\n\n- Un renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence de militaires de l\u2019EAC s\u2019est observ\u00e9\ndans la cit\u00e9 de Kiliba et au village Runingu depuis le 1er septembre mais\nles populations civiles de ces r\u00e9gions craignent d\u2019\u00e9ventuels\naffrontements entre ces militaires et des groupes arm\u00e9s locaux (Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef\net Gumino) dont la constance est \u00e9galement signal\u00e9e dans les\np\u00e9riph\u00e9ries desdites r\u00e9gions.\n\n\n- Des groupes arm\u00e9s continuent de troubler la qui\u00e9tude des populations\nciviles dans certaines localit\u00e9s des Hauts et Moyens Plateaux, et de la\nPlaine de la Ruzizi. Les incursions que ces groupes arm\u00e9s conduisent\n\n\n|Col1|Violations des droits_Septembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9**
**t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit**
**\u00e9 **
**physique**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**VBG**|**1612**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Fizi**|292|387|137|2|18|33|**_869_**|**_10_**|\n|**Kabambare**|0|67|17|0|8|0|**_92_**|**_1 _**|\n|**Kalehe**|582|625|548|7|54|46|**_1,862_**|**_22_**|\n|**Kasongo**|5|0|0|0|0|0|**_5 _**|**_0 _**|\n|**Mwenga**|524|457|354|0|45|37|**_1,417_**|**_17_**|\n|**Shabunda**|419|358|365|0|10|20|**_1,172_**|**_14_**|\n|**Uvira**|613|662|589|0|29|20|**_1,913_**|**_23_**|\n|**Walungu**|430|335|172|1|59|10|**_1,007_**|**_12_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**2,865**|**2,891**|**2,182**|**10**|**223**|**166**|**8,337**|**100**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, affecteraient n\u00e9gativement les activit\u00e9s agropastorales,\nsources de revenus des communaut\u00e9s de ces r\u00e9gions.\n\n\nDes cas de pillage du b\u00e9tail attribu\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s (Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef et\nGumino) se fonderaient sur le persistant conflit foncier et de\ntranshumance qui oppose les communaut\u00e9s locales (Banyamulenge\nd\u2019une part et les Fuliru et Nyindu d\u2019autre part) auxquelles s\u2019identifieraient\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Le nombre de cas de violations des droits de l\u2019homme est toujours en\ndiminution ( **1,869** cas en septembre contre **2,169** cas en ao\u00fbt 2023)\ndepuis les deux derniers mois mais les cas de VBG bien qu\u2019ils soient en\nl\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse (89 cas en ao\u00fbt contre 54 cas en septembre 2023) restent\nles plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s des provinces du Sud Kivu et du Maniema.\n\n\n- Une r\u00e9currence des cas de viol dans les groupements de Bitale et Ziralo\na \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans la 2 [e] moiti\u00e9 du mois avec plusieurs incidents qui\nsurviendraient au cours des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s contre les\nvillages de ces groupements. Malheureusement, les survivantes\nrencontrent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux services de prise en charge\nm\u00e9dicale \u00e0 cause de l\u2019absence de Kit PEP dans les structures m\u00e9dicales\nlocales.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 17 septembre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\nauraient attaqu\u00e9 cinq femmes qui rentraient de leurs champs. Ces\nderni\u00e8res auraient subi des violences physiques mais aussi des abus\nsexuels.\n\n- Le 20 septembre, de vives tensions exprim\u00e9es par les sinistr\u00e9s de\nNyamukubi et Bushushu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es \u00e0 Kalehe-centre. Une\nincompr\u00e9hension du message de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 territoriale par ces sinistr\u00e9s\nserait \u00e0 l\u2019origine de ces remous. Selon les sources locales, un civil et\ndeux policiers auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s par les manifestants. Les activit\u00e9s\nsocio-\u00e9conomiques sont rest\u00e9es paralys\u00e9es toute la journ\u00e9e et il s\u2019en est\n\n\n4 Flash information UNHCR/INTERSOS: Viol de masse contre des femmes cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 une attaque des\n\u2019 z _\nMwenga_P\u00e9riode: 26 Septembre 2023\n\n\n\nsuivi la suspension de l\u2019assistance humanitaire \u00e0 compter du 21\nseptembre sur d\u00e9cision du Mwami de Buhavu.\n\n- Un nouveau d\u00e9ploiement des unit\u00e9s FARDC a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 dans les Hauts\nPlateaux de Ziralo depuis le 01 [er ] septembre 2023 en vue de pr\u00e9venir\nd\u2019\u00e9ventuelles incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s venus du Nord-Kivu et\nd\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s locaux auteurs des violations contre les civils.\n\n- La situation de protection est toujours pr\u00e9occupante dans le groupement\nde Ziralo o\u00f9 les groupes arm\u00e9s _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef_ et _Nyatura_ y seraient tr\u00e8s actifs.\nCertains \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ces groupes arm\u00e9s attaqueraient de civils en cours\nde route et dans les champs dans le but de s\u2019approvisionner en vivre.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, dans la nuit du 11 septembre, certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du\ngroupe arm\u00e9 _Nyatura Karume_ auraient conduit une incursion au village\nKitindiro/Ziralo. Plusieurs biens (des panneaux solaires, des batteries, du\nb\u00e9tail) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s dans 6 m\u00e9nages et 3 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nr\u00e9quisitionn\u00e9s au transport des biens pill\u00e9s puis lib\u00e9r\u00e9s.\n\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n- On note la persistance de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par de r\u00e9currentes\nattaques des groupes arm\u00e9s dans plusieurs villages des groupements\nde Bizalugulu et Balobola.\n\n\n- Entre le 14 et le 20 septembre 2023, six (6) attaques conduites par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 successivement dans des villages du\ngroupement de Bizalugulu ont entrain\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de\n1,391 m\u00e9nages vers quelques villages du groupement de Balobola.\nTrente-sept maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es, cinq civils enlev\u00e9s et onze\nautres gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 des abus contre les enfants, attribuables aux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans le secteur d\u2019Itombwe. Entre les 16 et 17 septembre,\ntrois enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9s de force par un groupe arm\u00e9 dans le\ngroupement de Basimukindje Ier [4][.]\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- En outre, il semblerait que les hommes arm\u00e9s qui poursuivent des\nattaques dans le groupement de Bizalugulu et Balobola voudraient se\nvenger de la condamnation d\u2019un leader d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 par\nla Justice congolaise en octobre 2022. Cette condamnation s\u2019\u00e9tant\nappuy\u00e9e sur les t\u00e9moignages des survivantes des violations commises,\nses pairs commettent des actes de repr\u00e9sailles en ciblant\nessentiellement des femmes.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 26 septembre 2023, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9s auraient attaqu\u00e9, et commis des abus sexuels contre huit femmes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, alors qu\u2019elles revenaient de leurs activit\u00e9s\nchamp\u00eatres en groupement de Bizalugulu. Au cours de cette m\u00eame\nattaque, quelques produits des champs auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 ravis aux\nsurvivantes. Elles connaitraient des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux soins \u00e0\ncause de l\u2019absence d\u2019une structure m\u00e9dicale dans la zone.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- Shabunda est le 4 [e] territoire du Sud Kivu o\u00f9 le plus grand nombre de cas\nde violations des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s en septembre\n2023, avec **1,172 cas** contre **2,193 cas en aout 2023** .\n\n\n- Des groupes arm\u00e9s (Raiya Mutomboki Cowboy, Blaise et Makindu)\nauraient poursuivi leurs attaques dans des carr\u00e9s miniers, voulant se\nravitailler en or, argent et de la marchandise aupr\u00e8s des exploitants\nminiers et des vendeurs.\n\n- Les groupements de Bamuguba-Sud, Balig et Ikama-Kasanza ont subi\ndes embuscades d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s qui d\u00e9pouillent les civils\nde leurs biens, essentiellement d\u2019or et d\u2019argent.\n\n\n**KASONGO**\n\n- Des cas de recrutement des jeunes et enfants seraient en plein essor\ndans ce territoire ; ces recrutements seraient attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un\ngroupe arm\u00e9 ( _Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef Faux jour_ ) qui voudraient se renforcer en effectifs\nafin de contr\u00f4ler les villages Milemba, Mwimba et Lubunda o\u00f9 l\u2019on aurait\nd\u00e9couvert des nouveaux sites d\u2019exploitation du coltan. Environ 30 jeunes\ny compris des enfants seraient recrut\u00e9s par ces hommes arm\u00e9s.\nL\u2019attraction d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s dans ce m\u00eame risque de provoquer\ndes nouveaux accrochages entre ces groupes arm\u00e9s par soucis de\n\n\n\ncontr\u00f4ler ces espaces miniers. Ce qui exposerait les populations civiles\naux exactions de ces groupes en concurrence et provoquer des\nnouveaux d\u00e9placements de populations.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations des droits_Septembre 2023|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoire**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**1612**|**Total**|\n|**KALEMIE**|41|82|79|29|00|02|**233**|\n|**NYUNZU**|19|64|47|16|11|00|**157**|\n|**TOTAL**|**60**|**146**|**126**|**45**|**11**|**02**|**390**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nLa situation est rest\u00e9e relativement stable dans certaines zones au cours de\nla periode sous examen notamment dans les territoires de Kongolo, Nyunzu\net Kabalo \u00e0 la difference du mois precedent. Cependant, des groupes arm\u00e9s\npersistent dans un activisme qui se solde par des incidents de protection\nprovoquant de nombreux incidents de protection en particulier dans la zone.\n\n\n390 violations et incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en septembre, soit 78 cas de\nmoins qu\u2019au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2023.\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 un regain d\u2019attaques et d\u2019embuscades contre les civils\nsur l\u2019axe Bendera en raison de l\u2019activisme de Mayi-Mayi Apa na Pale et\ndes miliciens Twa.\nUne centaine de policiers d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es \u00e0 Bendera en d\u00e9cembre 2022 peine\n\u00e0 r\u00e9tablir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la zone marqu\u00e9e par une augmentation des\nincidents de protection.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 15 septembre, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants Twa ont\nmen\u00e9 une incursion dans la Cit\u00e9 Lubumba (\u00e0 20 km de Bimbwi et \u00e0 32\nkm de Kalemie) et auraient d\u00e9pouill\u00e9 plusieurs habitants de leurs biens\nde valeur et enlev\u00e9 20 femmes et 7 hommes qu\u2019ils ont oblig\u00e9s de\ntransporter leur butin vers une destination inconnue. Ayant r\u00e9ussi de\ns\u2019\u00e9chapper de leurs bourreaux un jour apr\u00e8s, 13 femmes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nviol\u00e9es tandis qu\u2019un homme a \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9.\n\n\nLe 24 septembre, des affrontements ont oppos\u00e9 les groupes de jeunes\ndu village Likasi (un groupe d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense r\u00e9cemment mis en place par\nles jeunes dudit village) aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments miliciens sortis de brousse en\nattente du processus dans le site de pr\u00e9- cantonnement de Mulange. Ces\naffrontements ont provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement des populations de villages\nMulange, Kisalaba y compris des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes du site\nKisalaba vers les villages voisins Mpungwe, Kanoa, site de Likasi etc.\n\n\n**MANONO**\n\nPlusieurs sources d\u00e9noncent les tracasseries aux barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par des\nmilitaires sur l\u2019axe Kiambi-Manono.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 16 septembre 2023 \u00e0 Mbayo (\u00e0 152 km au Nord Est de\nManono), un camion transportant des marchandises de Kalemie vers\nManono a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 par des militaires FARDC. Ils ont exig\u00e9 au convoyeur de\n\n\n\npayer une somme de 100,000FC. Faute d\u2019avoir vers\u00e9 ledit montant, la victime\ns\u2019est vu administrer de coups de stick d\u2019arbres, lui fracturant ainsi le bras\ndroit.\n\n\n**MOBA**\n\nDes agents de forces de l'ordre sont identifi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant auteurs de\ntracasseries au d\u00e9triment de la protection des civils \u00e0 Kabwela et Mwanza.\nLe 15 septembre 2023, un civil a \u00e9t\u00e9 rou\u00e9 de coups de crosse de fusil et\nbless\u00e9 au visage par des militaires FARDC apr\u00e8s lui avoir soutir\u00e9 un montant\nde 40,000 FC.\n\n\nDe m\u00eame \u00e0 Mwanza le m\u00eame jour, un civil a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 et d\u00e9tenu ill\u00e9galement\npendant environ 24 heures par des militaires au motif qu\u2019il \u00e9tait en\nmouvement pendant qu\u2019ils hissaient le drapeau. La victime a \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\napr\u00e8s \u00eatre contraint de payer un montant de 100,000 FC.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations des droits_Septembre 2023|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasai**|93|141|191|229|08|**_662_**|**_70_**|\n|**Kasai**
**oriental**|21|38|59|14|4|**_136 _**|**_14_**|\n|**Kasai central**|11|48|33|36|14|**_142_**|**_15_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**125**|**227**|**283**|**279**|**26**|**_940_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **940 violations et abus** de protection perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es, dont 70.43%\ndans le Kasa\u00ef, 15.11% dans le Kasa\u00ef Central et 14.47% dans le Kasa\u00ef\nOriental ; soit une diminution des violations de 51.59% dans les\n\n\n\nprovinces par rapport au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt o\u00f9 il y avait environ 1,942 violations\ndans les trois Kasa\u00efs.\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, 14,405 personnes (3925 femmes, 6390 hommes et\n4090 enfants) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s par des violations des droits humains dans\nla r\u00e9gion des Kasai.\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n**Kakenge**\n\n\n- Des affrontements entre des parties rivales ont eu lieu le 9 septembre\n2023 \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019intronisation de deux Chefs traditionnels \u00e0 la t\u00eate du\nvillage de Nselenge (Kakenge). A la suite de ces affrontements, il y a eu\nun (1) mort, plusieurs maisons br\u00fbl\u00e9es et 3 arrestations.\n\n\n**Mweka**\n\n\n- Les violences intercommunautaires ont eu lieu le 11 septembre 2023\nentre les villages Tulembi et Mubemba \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un conflit foncier. Les\naffrontements ont fait 11 morts dont 9 dans le camp de Tulembi et 2 dans\ncelui de Mubemba.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL & ORIENTAL**\n\n- Un conflit foncier (champ\u00eatre) opposant depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es deux\nvillages dans le territoire de Dibaya (Kasai-Central) a caus\u00e9, la mort\nd\u2019une personne et fait une dizaine de bless\u00e9s, le mardi 12 septembre.\nLes habitants de Tshibala et de Tshikele Kakese se sont affront\u00e9s autour\nd'un conflit concernant un champ de ma\u00efs au niveau du village Bakwa\nTshipanga \u00e0 Lubondaie.\n\n\n- Au moins 37 maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et une personne bless\u00e9e, lors\ndes affrontements qui se sont produits le jeudi 21 septembre \u00e0 Bena\nMpanda, dans le groupement de Bena Tshimungu, le territoire de Miabi\n(Kasa\u00ef-Oriental). Pour manifester leurs m\u00e9contentements \u00e0\nl\u2019intronisation d\u2019un chef de localit\u00e9 par le chef de groupement de Bena\nTshimungu, les populations ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des troubles \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public et ont\nincendi\u00e9 37 maisons.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n - Depuis le 2eme trimestre 2023, des alertes relatives aux violations des\ndroits sont remont\u00e9es. Ainsi depuis mars 2023, 363 personnes sont\nconcern\u00e9es dont 97 femmes 231 hommes et 35 enfants.\n\n\n## PROVINCES DE KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations de droits_Septembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Provinces**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**1612**|**_Tot_**
**_al_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kwango**|15|2|15|3|0|35|**_18_**|\n|**Kwilu**|33|06|14|10|7|70|**_35_**|\n|**Ma\u00ef-**
**Ndombe**|33|26|15|20|0|94|**_47_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**81**|**34**|**44**|**33**|**7 **|**199**|**_100_**|\n\n\n5 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n- **199 violations et abus** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es durant le mois de\nseptembre : 81 violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 44 violations du droit \u00e0\nla vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, 34 violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, 33 cas\nde violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, 7 violations 1612. Comparativement\nau mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent durant lequel **158** violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es, il\nressort une augmentation de **41 violations (25.94%).** **[5]**\n\n\n- Les violations document\u00e9es sont, pour la plupart, li\u00e9es au contexte du\nconflit intercommunautaire opposant les Yaka aux Tekes. L\u2019activisme\ndes miliciens Yakas commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9s \u00ab Mobondos \u00bb dans les\nprovinces de Mai-Ndombe, Kwilu, Kwango et une partie de la ville de\nKinshasa (commune de Maluku) amplifierait la recrudescence des\nviolations des droits humains dans les zones pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es. Ces derniers,\nauteurs de plus de **51% des violations de droits**, s\u2019illustrent\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans des attaques des villages causant plusieurs d\u00e9g\u00e2ts\ncollat\u00e9raux, notamment les incendies des maisons, \u00e9coles et h\u00f4pitaux ;\nde meurtres, de pillages, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsions de biens, des\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n\n\n- Les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense sont \u00e9galement incrimin\u00e9s dans **63**\n**violations** dont **55 cas** attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC (28,6%) et **8 cas** \u00e0 la PNC\n(4,2%), principalement des arrestations arbitraires et taxes ill\u00e9gales qui\nsont majoritairement signal\u00e9s au niveau des postes de contr\u00f4le.\n\n\n- La population civile se serait principalement illustr\u00e9e dans des violations\ndu droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, notamment dans les coups et\nblessures ( **25 cas** ) et dans un certain nombre de cas de viols. Ces\nviolations commises par les civils sont essentiellement imputables aux\njeunes d\u00e9linquants op\u00e9rant en gangs, commun\u00e9ment connus sous le\nnom de \u00ab Kulunas \u00bb. Ces derniers sont \u00e0 la base des violences physiques\net d\u2019autres actes d\u2019extorsions et m\u00eame de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\nqui sont d\u00e9plor\u00e9s dans la ville de Bandundu.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n- Des sources concordantes soulignent des recrutements et utilisations\nd\u2019enfants par les miliciens Mobondo dans le territoire de Kwamouth et\nailleurs. D\u2019autres violations graves des droits de l\u2019enfant sont \u00e9galement\nmises \u00e0 leur charge \u00e0 savoir les attaques contre les \u00e9coles et les\nh\u00f4pitaux, dont 7 dans le Kwilu en septembre 2023. Pour rappel, 21\n\u00e9coles et 10 structures de sant\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es par les miliciens dans\nle territoire de Bagata durant la p\u00e9riode allant de juin \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2023.\n\n\n- La rentr\u00e9e scolaire n\u2019a pas eu lieu en d\u00e9but septembre 2023 dans le\nterritoire de Kwamouth ; des forces vives conditionneraient la reprise des\ncours par une lib\u00e9ration totale de tous les villages occup\u00e9s par les\nmiliciens.\n\n## LIMITATIONS\n\n\n- Cet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et\ndes rapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et\ndes discussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport\ntelles que disponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s\npar des exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du\nplaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre\naux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et\nam\u00e9liorer le rapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/96e44223-84a8-468f-be94-27fc7c92a910/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_%20Sept%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_532/raw/doc_532_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_532/raw/doc_532_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e2e9120fb2b1f99fda2ecabbe758d07c8f12f8f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_532/raw/doc_532_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\nLes faits les plus marquants pour la p\u00e9riode sont les suivants :\n\n\n## APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, les catastrophes naturelles ont aggrav\u00e9\ndavantage la trag\u00e9die humanitaire cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 la situation de conflits\narm\u00e9s. La nature s\u2019est d\u00e9cha\u00een\u00e9e : des inondations ont affect\u00e9 plusieurs\nzones \u00e0 travers le pays, avec des cons\u00e9quences beaucoup plus dramatiques\ndans certains endroits notamment dans le territoire de Kalehe.\n\n\nD\u2019autres facteurs d\u2019aggravation de la situation humanitaire et de protection\nqui ont accru les risques de protection ainsi que la pr\u00e9occupation des acteurs\nhumanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 notamment l\u2019augmentation des cas de violations et\nd\u2019abus, notamment les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans les sites de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s autour de Goma rapport\u00e9s par diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que la\nrecrudescence d\u2019attaques arm\u00e9es perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es contre les civils, y compris\ncontre les sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es notamment dans la province de\nl\u2019Ituri. A la veille de la publication de ces points saillants, une autre attaque\nviolente a \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e contre le site de Lala dans Djugu, entrainant la mort\nd\u2019au moins 46 personnes dont 23 enfants et 13 femmes.\n\n\nSi des efforts collectifs, rapides et coordonn\u00e9s ne sont pas envisag\u00e9s pour\nr\u00e9duire de mani\u00e8re drastique ces facteurs et menaces, la situation de\nprotection risque de se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer davantage, et cela mettra en cause la\ncr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9putation de tout le syst\u00e8me humanitaire et de protection,\ndans la mesure o\u00f9 cela r\u00e9v\u00e8lerait le manque d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes\nd\u2019alerte et de plaidoyer, \u00e0 m\u00eame de pr\u00e9venir ces violations. C\u2019est pourquoi la\nd\u00e9cision des plus hauts responsables de l'aide humanitaire de d\u00e9clencher\nune intensification imm\u00e9diate des op\u00e9rations humanitaires dans l'est de la\nR\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est \u00e0 saluer [1] .\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode, le r\u00e9gime de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge sous lequel sont plac\u00e9es\nles provinces de l\u2019Ituri et du Nord Kivu depuis le 6 mai 2021, a \u00e9t\u00e9 prorog\u00e9\npour la 48 [e] fois le mardi 16 mai 2023.\n\n\n1 [https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/les-nations-unies-tirent-lalarme-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/les-nations-unies-tirent-lalarme-face-la-violence-galopante-et-aux-besoins-humanitaires-croissants-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo)\n[face-la-violence-galopante-et-aux-besoins-humanitaires-croissants-dans-lest-de-la-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/les-nations-unies-tirent-lalarme-face-la-violence-galopante-et-aux-besoins-humanitaires-croissants-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo)\n[republique-democratique-du-congo](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/les-nations-unies-tirent-lalarme-face-la-violence-galopante-et-aux-besoins-humanitaires-croissants-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo)\n\n\n\n\n- Les pluies diluviennes qui ont provoqu\u00e9 des **inondations et des**\n**glissements de terrain** ont principalement touch\u00e9 les provinces du Sud\nKivu (affectant environ 177,302 personnes sur l\u2019ensemble des\nterritoires), du Nord Kivu (62,843 personnes affect\u00e9es) du Tanganyika\n(affectant environ 49,318 personnes dans les territoires de Kalemie,\nKongolo et Nyunzu), de l\u2019espace Katanga (11,315 m\u00e9nages, soit 56,575\npersonnes), de l\u2019Ituri (37,725 personnes affect\u00e9es), du Maniema\n(affectant 14,394 personnes) [2] ainsi que les provinces du Kasai (dans les\nterritoires de Luebo et Tshikapa/Kamonia), et du Kasai Oriental; [3]\n\n- Apr\u00e8s le retrait du M23 en mars de certaines zones cl\u00e9s, **le Sud Ouest**\n**de Rutshuru et Nord Est de Masisi** ont constitu\u00e9 des zones de hot spot\ndurant les mois d\u2019avril et mai avec de nouveaux affrontements entre le\nM23 et les groupes arm\u00e9s locaux et FDLR dans les zones de vide\ns\u00e9curitaire. La poursuite des attaques des ADF dans **le territoire de**\n**Beni,** ainsi que de graves atteintes aux droits humains par des hommes\narm\u00e9s aux alentours des zones d\u2019accueil de Goma et de Nyiragongo,\nainsi que l\u2019augmentation des actes de repr\u00e9sailles des groupes arm\u00e9s\ncontre les civils \u00e0 l\u2019est de Masisi et \u00e0 Rutshuru ;\n\n- La recrudescence des violences contre les civils dans la province de\nl **\u2019Ituri** particuli\u00e8rement dans les territoires de Djugu, Irumu, Mambasa et\nMahagi ;\n\n- L\u2019expansion dans d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s des effets du conflit\nintercommunautaire dans le territoire de **Kwamouth,** notamment\nl\u2019activisme de la milice \u2018Mobondo\u2019 entrainant la violence et des\nmouvements de populations dans les provinces du Kwango, Kwilu et Mai\nNdombe et dans la commune de Maluku (ville-Province de Kinshasa) ;\n\n- L\u2019augmentation des expulsions des Congolais de l\u2019Angola et des conflits\nintercommunautaires en lien avec le pouvoir coutumiers qui aggravent la\nsituation humanitaire dans les provinces du **Kasai ;**\n\n- La recrudescence des attaques des miliciens Twa et Bantou contre\nplusieurs villages des territoires de Kalemie et de Moba dans la province\n\n\n2 ADAM, Advanced Disaster Analysis and Mapping, Flood Impact Analysis RD Congo\n3 [https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2023-000067-cod](https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2023-000067-cod)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\ndu Tanganyika entrainant d\u2019importants d\u00e9placements de population ;\nainsi que la mont\u00e9e de la criminalit\u00e9 et de multiples incursions des Mayi\nMayi Mala\u00efka, \u00e0 partir du Sud du territoire de Kabambare au Maniema.\n\n\nLes acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 environ **5,679** violations\net incidents de protection en avril et la tendance pour le mois de mai est\nd\u2019environ **7,247** violations et incidents de protection, soit une augmentation\nde 27.61% par rapport au mois d\u2019avril. Parmi ces violations, il y a au moins\n**220** civils tu\u00e9s, **1,625** victimes de coups et blessures, **129** victimes de torture\net traitements inhumains, **298** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **02** victimes de\nmutilations, 356 travaux forc\u00e9s, **276 viols** et **75** violations 1612. [4]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|cas de VBG|Avril|554|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||cas de VBG|**Mai**|**855**|\n||Violations aux droits de l\u2019enfant y compris des
all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9es aux m\u00e9canismes
MRM|**Avril**|**99**|\n||Violations aux droits de l\u2019enfant y compris des
all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9es aux m\u00e9canismes
MRM|**Mai**|**75**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|**Avril**|**2,637**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|**Mai**|**1,980**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9|**Avril**|**1,226**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9|**Mai**|**1,236**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (incendies et
pillages)|**Avril**|**2,335**|\n||Violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (incendies et
pillages)|**Mai**|**2,874**|\n\n\n\n*Chiffres globaux rapport\u00e9s par le monitoring de la protection. Ils ne sont qu'indicatifs de la situation de\nprotection et ne constituent en aucun cas toutes les violations qui ont lieu. Voir la section sur les limites\npour plus de d\u00e9tails\n\n\n4 Chiffres provisoires (alertes et rapports monitoring de protection) en attendant\nconfirmation par mecanismes pertinents (notamment pour les VBG, MRM 1624)\n\n\n## RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS**\n\n\n- Continuer \u00e0 mobiliser le gouvernement et ses partenaires pertinents pour\nl\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du processus de d\u00e9mobilisation et d\u00e9sarmement des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s afin de faciliter la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre\nles communaut\u00e9s locales, tout en assurant que les victimes des\ndiff\u00e9rentes violations et abus ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice ;\n\n\n- Dans le momentum du \u00ab system wide scale-up \u00bb, mobiliser les bailleurs\nde fonds pour le d\u00e9ploiement d\u2019un financement holistique des r\u00e9ponses\nhumanitaires et de protection, comprenant non seulement des r\u00e9ponses\nd\u2019urgence, mais aussi des actions de renforcement de l\u2019environnement\nde protection et de l\u2019autonomisation communautaire, ainsi que la\nconstitution d\u2019un dispositif de contingence/ pr\u00e9-positionnement pour\nassurer la c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse face \u00e0 des situations de grande volatilit\u00e9\net impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 ;\n\n\n**PARTENAIRES HUMANITAIRES**\n\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de suivi de la situation de protection et\ncontinuer \u00e0 promouvoir le respect du Droit International Humanitaire,\nnotamment l\u2019interdiction des attaques contre les civils, les \u00e9tablissements\nde sant\u00e9 et autres infrastructures sociales ainsi que les attaques cibl\u00e9es\ncontre les sites et centres d\u2019accueil des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ;\n\n\n- Elaborer et vulgariser des plans de protection communautaire dans les\nzones les plus affect\u00e9es par les conflits et le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9,\naccompagn\u00e9s par des activit\u00e9s sur la cohabitation pacifique en\ncollaboration avec les leaders communautaires ;\n\n\n- Mobiliser des financements pour une assistance rapide en protection\nmais aussi dans les secteurs contribuant \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention des risques de\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nprotection, notamment la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et l\u2019\u00e9ducation, y compris\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation des jeunes adolescents.\n\n\n- Aux acteurs de protection en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et ceux du domaine de\nresponsabilit\u00e9 LTP en particulier d\u2019apporter leur expertise et appui\ntechnique dans le cadre de la r\u00e9ponse aux catastrophes naturelles,\nparticuli\u00e8rement si des d\u00e9localisations sont envisag\u00e9es.\n\n## PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Col3|Violations
du droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col5|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Col7|VBG|Col9|1612|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**

|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|\n|**Aru**|12|11|49|32|7|0|20|34|14|0|\n|**Djugu**|116|207|331|385|188|164|35|61|23|11|\n|**Faradje**|35|39|73|84|9|7|12|12|0|0|\n|**Irumu**|26|18|222|189|174|139|25|40|20|1|\n|**Mahagi**|79|87|364|428|168|132|29|23|6|7|\n|**Mambasa**|61|60|77|26|71|51|6|7|3|1|\n|**TOTAL**|**329**|**422**|**1116**|**1144**|**617**|**493**|**127**|**177**|**66**|**20**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection_\n_en Ituri en avril et mai 2023._\n\n\nDans la province d\u2019Ituri, l\u2019environnement protecteur des civils reste menac\u00e9\npar des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s principalement les CODECO/URPDC\ndans le territoire de Djugu et de Mahagi, le groupe arm\u00e9 Za\u00efre \u00e0 Djugu, les\nADF \u00e0 Irumu et \u00e0 Mambasa et tant d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s commettant de\ngraves violations des droits de l'homme \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des populations civiles.\n\nLa province d\u2019Ituri a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par la tenue du 22 au 24 mai\n2023 d\u2019un dialogue social r\u00e9unissant les communaut\u00e9s Alur Djuganda,\nAnghal, Kebhu, Walendu Watsi et Panduru, pour une cohabitation pacifique\ndans le territoire de de Mahagi.\n\n\n\nSelon les acteurs locaux, ce dialogue aurait impact\u00e9 positivement la situation\nde protection dans le territoire de Mahagi au cours de la derni\u00e8re semaine du\nmois de mai.\n\n\n**2,223** abus et violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en avril et **2,258** en mai 2023 dans\nles provinces de l\u2019Ituri et du Haut U\u00e9l\u00e9 (Faradje) dans le cadre du monitoring\nde protection.\n\n\nLes chiffres du mois \u00e9coul\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentent une baisse de 5,96% \u00e0 7,98% par\nrapport au mois de mars 2023 qui a enregistr\u00e9 2,398 incidents rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes territoires de **Djugu, d\u2019Irumu et Mahagi** restent les plus touch\u00e9s avec\nde nombreux incidents de protection et violations des droits humains\nenregistr\u00e9s, repr\u00e9sentant plus de 75% (avril) et 83,79 % (mai) de l\u2019ensemble\ndes incidents rapport\u00e9s dans la province.\n\n\nLa persistance de ces attaques contre les civils continue d\u2019entrainer des\nmouvements massifs des populations qui exacerbent les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des\npopulations.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 au cours des mois d\u2019avril et mai par un\nactivisme accru du groupe arm\u00e9 CODECO/URDPC particuli\u00e8rement\ndans la ZS de Fataki o\u00f9 plusieurs incursions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es au cours\ndesquelles au moins 12 personnes auraient trouv\u00e9 la mort, 38 habitations\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et 10 d\u00e9truites en avril.\n\n- Ce m\u00eame activisme accru des CODECO/URDPC a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 au mois\nde mai dans les ZS de Fataki, Bambu, Mongbwalu et Jiba o\u00f9 les acteurs\nlocaux ont rapport\u00e9 2 888 cas des travaux forc\u00e9s dont la plupart des\nvictimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9hend\u00e9es pendant un mouvement de\nd\u00e9placement. A cet important chiffre des travaux forc\u00e9s s\u2019ajoutent 04\nhomicides, 05 enl\u00e8vements dont 03 avec paiement de ran\u00e7on, 02 cas de\ns\u00e9questration, 02 cas de coups et blessures ainsi que des actes de\npillage massif et de destruction des champs appartenant aux PDIs.\nOn peut citer notamment l\u2019attaque du 29 mai 2023 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e par les\nCODECO contre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s du site de Rhoe dans leur champ situ\u00e9\ndans la localit\u00e9 de Nzoroji.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nSelon les sources locales, ces attaques viseraient \u00e0 restreindre l\u2019acc\u00e8s\ndes membres de la communaut\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9e aux champs en vue de\nproc\u00e9der au pillage des produits argicoles en cette p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9colte.\n\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par de multiples actes de\nrepr\u00e9sailles perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 Za\u00efre sous\npr\u00e9texte de rendre justice. C\u2019est dans la qu\u00eate des personnes\nincrimin\u00e9es par ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s que ceux-ci auraient bloqu\u00e9 le trafic\nroutier sur l\u2019axe Linji-Lopa le 25 avril et en auraient profit\u00e9 pour faire payer\n\u00e0 tous les usagers une taxe ill\u00e9gale. De m\u00eame, au mois de mai, des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 Za\u00efre se seraient illustr\u00e9s par des\nabus perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mabanga dont 5 cas des coups\net blessures dans un carr\u00e9 minier situ\u00e9 dans la localit\u00e9 de Monga.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Avec **1,323 violations** rapport\u00e9es au cours de la p\u00e9riode (mois d\u2019avril et\nmai) repr\u00e9sentant plus de 29% de l\u2019ensemble des incidents dans les\nprovinces d\u2019Ituri et du Haut Uele, le territoire de Mahagi a enregistr\u00e9 l\u2019un\ndes chiffres les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s des violations aux mois d\u2019avril et de mai juste\napr\u00e8s Djugu et avec comme principaux perp\u00e9trateurs des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments CODECO/URDPC.\n\n\nEn effet, en plus des nombreuses attaques contre les populations civiles\nsignal\u00e9es, les sources locales ont \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 02 cas\nd\u2019all\u00e9gations MRM dont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments CODECO seraient responsables. Il\ns\u2019agit de la destruction d\u2019une \u00e9cole ainsi que d\u2019un centre de sant\u00e9 le 11\navril dans la localit\u00e9 d\u2019Alii Yana situ\u00e9e dans la ZS de Rimba.\n\n\nL\u2019on note qu\u2019\u00e0 cette occasion, ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nCODECO/URPDC auraient \u00e9galement incendi\u00e9 56 habitations. La\nlocalit\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9e aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 vid\u00e9e de sa population.\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n- Plusieurs violations des droits humains, notamment des homicides, des\ncoups et blessures attribu\u00e9s aux ADF ainsi qu\u2019aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nde Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef contre les civils, continuent d\u2019\u00eatre enregistr\u00e9s dans ce\nterritoire.\n\n\nL\u2019on peut citer \u00e0 titre illustratif, l\u2019incursion des ADF dans la localit\u00e9 de\nMasiliko (zone de sant\u00e9 de Lolwa) le 25 mai 2023 qui aurait occasionn\u00e9\n02 homicides, 03 cas de coups et blessures, 01 enl\u00e8vement et l\u2019incendie\n\n\n\nde 08 habitations, 06 motos et d\u2019autres biens de valeur ainsi que\nl\u2019incursion du 18 mai dans le campement champ\u00eatre appel\u00e9 Maketche\ndans la localit\u00e9 de Madududu situ\u00e9 dans la m\u00eame ZS au cours de laquelle\nils auraient commis 05 homicides et 08 enl\u00e8vements.\n\n\n- La zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima serait devenue la plus affect\u00e9e par la\npr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ADF qui y auraient trouv\u00e9 refuge, fuyant\nles op\u00e9rations des forces coalis\u00e9es FARDC et UPDF dans la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Komanda. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ADF se seraient illustr\u00e9s par de\nnombreuses incursions et attaques ayant occasionn\u00e9 au moins 06\nhomicides, 14 enl\u00e8vements, 4 victimes des coups et blessures ainsi que\nle pillage des produits agricoles.\n\n\n- Toujours dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima, un cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement\nall\u00e9gu\u00e9 aux Mai-Mai a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9. Ces derniers exigeraient le paiement\nd\u2019une ran\u00e7on pour sa lib\u00e9ration.\n\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Mai-mai/simba auraient attaqu\u00e9 la localit\u00e9\nSalat\u00e9-Molokay le 08 mai 2023 causant l\u2019incendie d\u2019une habitation, du\nbureau des gardes parc et pillant des articles de commerce et autres\nbiens de valeurs.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Les acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 854 abus et\nviolations au cours de la p\u00e9riode dont 467 au mois d\u2019avril et 387 au mois\nde mai 2023, repr\u00e9sentant plus de 18% de l\u2019ensemble des violations\nrapport\u00e9es en Ituri et dans le Haut Uele.\n\n\n- Ces chiffres \u00e9lev\u00e9s de violations se justifieraient par la mont\u00e9e de\nl\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s FPIC, FRPI et Tchini Ya Tuna d\u00e9j\u00e0\nsignal\u00e9e au cours du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec de nombreux cas d\u2019abus qui\nleur sont all\u00e9gu\u00e9s.\n\n\n- L\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre illustratif, les attaques du 03 avril perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par\nles Tchini Ya Tuna dans 2 campements champ\u00eatres situ\u00e9s dans la ZS\nde Komanda, avec pour bilan 08 homicides et 02 cas de viols. La\nsituation aurait caus\u00e9 une psychose dans la localit\u00e9 de Ngombenyama\net contraint environ 56 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.\n\n\n- L\u2019on note \u00e9galement qu\u2019en d\u00e9pit de la poursuite des op\u00e9rations des\nforces arm\u00e9es congolaises et ougandaises qui ont permis au cours de la\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\np\u00e9riode de d\u00e9truire plusieurs bataillons des ADF, ces derniers ont\npoursuivi leurs incursions dans les villages et localit\u00e9s.\n\n\nEn effet, au moins 11 homicides, plusieurs cas de pillage et de\ndestruction des biens appartenant aux populations civiles leur ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nall\u00e9gu\u00e9s entre le 1 [er] et le 11 avril dans les ZS de Gety et de Komanda.\n\n\nDe nombreuses embuscades tendues entre le 18 et le 21 mai notamment\ndans les localit\u00e9s de Bandibese, Sesa, Soko-tano (zone de sant\u00e9 de\nKomanda) avec pour bilan 05 homicides et 07 incendies de camions\ntransportant des marchandises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF.\n\n\n- En mai 2023, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 un regain de violence dans la ZS de\nNyakunde apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode d\u2019accalmie depuis la fin du mois de\nnovembre ou, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9, le 16 mai 2023, des affrontements\nopposant des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments FPIC \u00e0 ceux du groupe Za\u00efre dans\ntrois localit\u00e9s de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyakunde \u00e0 savoir les localit\u00e9s de\nBagalaba, Bayahu et Ngumata. Au cours de ces affrontements, les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la FPIC et ceux du Za\u00efre auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 03\nhomicides, de l\u2019incendie de 118 habitations et du pillage de b\u00e9tail. L\u2019on\nnote \u00e9galement la d\u00e9couverte, le 04 mai 2023, d\u2019un engin explosif dans\nun champ situ\u00e9 au quartier Muchanga \u00e0 150 m\u00e8tres du centre de n\u00e9goce\nde Gety en zone de sant\u00e9 de Gety.\n\n\n**ARU**\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 en avril et mai 2023 par la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Biringi o\u00f9 plusieurs\nincursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du Groupe Arm\u00e9\nCODECO/URPDC et du ZA\u00cfRE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es ainsi que des cas\nd\u2019extorsions commis principalement par des militaires FARDC qui sont\nplac\u00e9s au niveau des diff\u00e9rents postes de contr\u00f4le.\n\n\n- L\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre illustratif, l\u2019incursion des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nCODECO/URPDC dans la localit\u00e9 de Shaba le 14 avril 2023 ayant\noccasionn\u00e9 04 homicides ainsi que le d\u00e9placement des habitants de la\nlocalit\u00e9 vers Kandoy et ses environs.\n\n\n- Concernant les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du ZA\u00cfRE, 02 homicides et des\nincendies d\u2019habitations leurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s lors d\u2019une incursion faite\ndans le village Upato le 17 avril 2023.\n\n\n\n\n- En outre, les sources locales d\u00e9plorent la r\u00e9apparition le 22 et le 23 avril,\ndes barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par des militaires FARDC et PNC dans le site de\nBiringi pour le ran\u00e7onnement de la population. Cela aurait occasionn\u00e9\nplusieurs cas d\u2019atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 tels que les taxes ill\u00e9gales\net des cas d\u2019extorsion des biens des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n- En mai, des militaires des FARDC et PNC exigent de la population\n(r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et populations h\u00f4tes) le paiement d\u2019une somme allant de 1000\n\u00e0 5000 FC pour obtenir le libre passage lorsqu'ils se rendent aux champs\net aux march\u00e9s, restreignant les mouvements de la population dans cette\nzone de sant\u00e9.\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- **273** abus et violations rapport\u00e9s au cours des mois d\u2019avril (129) et mai\n(144) dans le territoire, repr\u00e9sentant environ 6% de l\u2019ensemble des\nviolations rapport\u00e9es en Ituri et dans le Haut Uele. Ces violations seraient\nessentiellement constitu\u00e9es d\u2019atteintes aux droits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\n- Il s\u2019est effectivement observ\u00e9 une recrudescence des taxes ill\u00e9gales\nimpos\u00e9es aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au niveau des points de contr\u00f4le par les agents\nd\u2019ordre et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialement durant les p\u00e9riodes de distribution\ndes vivres PAM et du cash Grant ainsi que les jours des march\u00e9s\np\u00e9riph\u00e9riques d\u2019Aba.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Col3|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col5|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Col7|VBG|Col9|1612|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|\n|**Masisi**|55|62|74|54|82|59|56|49|14|9|\n|**Rutshuru**
**Beni/O\u00efcha**|44|72|61|111|88|72|29|22|4|11|\n|**Rutshuru**
**Beni/O\u00efcha**|15|57|11|40|70|57|1|1|0|0|\n|**Lubero**|20|15|25|28|14|12|4|1|1|4|\n|**Nyiragongo**|9|4|18|17|17|23|17|50|0|0|\n|**Autres**
**(Butembo,**
**Goma,**
**Walikale)**|8|19|4|17|19|17|24|19|3|0|\n|**TOTAL**|**151**|**229**|**193**|**267**|**290**|**240**|**131**|**142**|**22**|**24**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection_\n_dans le Nord Kivu._\n\n\nLes mois d\u2019avril et mai ont \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s dans la province du Nord Kivu par\ndes affrontements entre les M23 et la coalition des groupes arm\u00e9s ou avec\nun groupe arm\u00e9 \u00e9tranger ainsi que des affrontements entre deux factions\nd\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9, entrainant ainsi le d\u00e9placement d\u2019au moins 8,468\nm\u00e9nages de 119,227 personnes en avril ainsi que de nombreuses violations\net incidents de protection \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des populations civiles.\n\n\nLes acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 **786 violations et**\n**incidents de protection** en avril et environ **902 violation et incidents de**\n**protection en mai** dans la province, essentiellement dans les territoires de\nMasisi, Rutshuru, Beni (Oicha), Lubero, Nyiragongo.\n\n\nLes principales tendances de protection observ\u00e9es demeurent les\nrepr\u00e9sailles contre les personnes retourn\u00e9es en premier lieu, ensuite les\nPDIs et les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, la persistance des tensions\n\n\n\nintercommunautaires, des VBG et autres probl\u00e8mes de protection dans les\nzones de d\u00e9placement.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Des affrontements entre les M23 et une coalition des groupes arm\u00e9s ont\ncontinu\u00e9 dans le territoire :\n\n\n - Le 10 et 12 avril, des affrontements entre des \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23 et une\ncoalition des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s \u00e0 Rusekera et Mulimbi,\nen groupement Tongo. Au cours de ces affrontements, un enfant\naurait \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9 par balle perdue, les biens dans 19 boutiques\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et environ 271\nm\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement vers le village Lubwe Sud,\nm\u00eame groupement.\n\n\n - Un affrontement a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 le 2 mai \u00e0 environ 50 m\u00e8tres du Site\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Kitsimba, en groupement de Bishusha. Un nombre\nimportant de PDIs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, 5 PDIs gri\u00e8vement bleses, 97\nm\u00e9nages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Kitsimba vers les agglom\u00e9rations\nBishusha\n\n\n- Des affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de nouveau observ\u00e9s en\ngroupement Tongo les 21 et 26 avril avec des cons\u00e9quences sur la\nprotection et le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 236 m\u00e9nages de 1,108 personnes\nde Kasali, Kanyangiri vers Kirumba en groupement Bambu et de\nKitwayovu vers Mulimbi.\n\n\n- Des mouvements de retour ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s depuis d\u00e9but avril suite \u00e0\nune accalmie relative dans le territoire de Rutshuru depuis f\u00e9vrier 2023.\nCependant, les personnes retournent dans des zones o\u00f9 des mois de\ncombats ont laiss\u00e9 des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts importants, affectant presque tous les\naspects de leur vie. Une r\u00e9cente **\u00e9valuation effectu\u00e9e par des**\n**partenaires humanitaires dans la zone Kibirizi** a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des besoins\nurgents en nourriture, articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels et abris.\n\n\n- Le 4 mai, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ont men\u00e9 une incursion dans le site de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de Kizimba, dans la m\u00eame zone de sant\u00e9, tuant 13\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\npersonnes et en blessant 15 autres. Malgr\u00e9 cet incident violent, les\nmouvements de retour de personnes se sont poursuivis [5] .\n\n\n - Les sources locales rapportent qu\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du retrait des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 des groupements Bambo et Bukoma en avril 2023,\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s auraient repris le contr\u00f4le de certains villages dans\nces groupements et proc\u00e8deraient \u00e0 des actes de repr\u00e9sailles des\npersonnes soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es d\u2019avoir collabor\u00e9 avec les M23 ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nd\u2019autres abus et violations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des personnes civiles.\n\n\n - Des informations re\u00e7ues des m\u00eames sources, des hommes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques auraient tendu une embuscade contre des \u00e9leveurs le 2 mai\n2023 dans le Parc national des Virunga, sur le tron\u00e7on Tongo \u2013\nKalengera. Cette embuscade aurait occasionn\u00e9 19 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de\npersonnes civiles ainsi que le pillage et la destruction de plus de 150\nvaches. Un incident similaire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 le 7 mai dans le\nvillage de Rwasa en localit\u00e9 Katoro, occasionnant 3 enl\u00e8vements et le\npillage de 100 vaches.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n - Le territoire de Masisi a connu le plus de violations des droits humains\nen avril, avec 281 violations sur les 786 cas enregistr\u00e9s dans la province\net a \u00e9t\u00e9 le 2 [e] territoire avec un grand nombre de violations en mai avec\n233 violations sur 902.\n\n\n- Les abus et violations des droits humains continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s actifs en groupement Bapfuna. Ces abus seraient li\u00e9s\naux conflits de \u00ab partage des sources \u00bb de revenus de ces groupes.\n\n\n - Le 10 avril, 6 hommes PDIs vivant \u00e0 Nyabiondo auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 pendant qu\u2019ils se rendaient aux champs\n\u00e0 Lwibo pour s\u2019approvisionner en vivres dans le m\u00eame groupement. Ils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s apr\u00e8s le paiement d\u2019une somme d\u2019argent. A la m\u00eame\ndate, diff\u00e9rents actes VBG auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 commis aux PDIs retourn\u00e9es\ndans la zone.\n\n\n5 Rapport de la situation humanitaire pour la Province du Nord Kivu - 19 mai_.pdf\n\n\n\n\n- Sur l\u2019axe Lwibo-Nyabiondo, on continue d\u2019enregistrer des abus contre les\ncivils qui se dirigent aux champs, au niveau des barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par les\nm\u00eames groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nEntre le 17 et 19 avril, des repr\u00e9sailles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es contre des\nretourn\u00e9s dans la zone contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par un acteur arm\u00e9.\n\n\n- Un nombre important de civils retourn\u00e9s aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nd\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 en groupement Bashali-kaembe.\n\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection inqui\u00e9tante dans la zone,\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es originaires de cette zone t\u00e9moignent d\u2019\u00eatre\noblig\u00e9s d\u2019y retourner car les conditions des vies dans les zones de\nd\u00e9placement \u00e0 Sake et les sites aux environs de Goma seraient trop\ndifficiles. Par cons\u00e9quence, ils s\u2019exposent \u00e0 des abus pour la recherche\ndes vivres dans des zones d\u2019origine.\n\n\n- On note un grand risque de meurtres, blessures, viols, extorsions et\nenl\u00e8vements par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les zones contestes par les\ngroupes armes particuli\u00e8rement dans des zones sans d\u00e9ploiement\nFARDC ou forces EAC.\n\n\n- Depuis le 22 avril, un nouveau site spontan\u00e9 de PDIs aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 au\nvillage Kilolirwe dans un endroit commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 \u00ab Petit-Masisi \u00bb\ndans la localit\u00e9 Nyamitaba. Ce site h\u00e9bergerait environ 410 m\u00e9nages de\n2050 personnes qui proviendraient de Kitshanga, Bwiza, Burungu,\nKabalekasha, Rujebeshe, Nyakabingu, Saniseti, Nyamitaba et Mushaki.\n\n\nSelon des sources locales, ces personnes craindraient d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles\nattaques des groupes arm\u00e9s locaux qui sont actifs dans les environs des\nvillages de provenance, en majorit\u00e9 non couverts par la force r\u00e9gionale\nEst-Africaine (EAC).\n\n\nCe site qui est \u00e9rig\u00e9 non loin du camp du contingent burundais de l\u2019EAC\n\u00e0 Kilolirwe suscite la m\u00e9fiance de certains membres de la communaut\u00e9\nh\u00f4te autour du caract\u00e8re humanitaire et civil de ce site qui pourrait\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nconstituer une menace pour la cohabitation pacifique dans la r\u00e9gion, et\nune menace de d\u00e9guerpissement par les communaut\u00e9s locales.\n\n\n- Depuis le d\u00e9but du mois de mai, une tension entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s\n\u00e0 Nyamoboko 1 [e] entraine des affrontements r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs pour le contr\u00f4le\nde la zone. Ces tensions sont exacerb\u00e9es par un vide s\u00e9curitaire dans\nles agglom\u00e9rations Kazinga, Mupfo, Kimoo et Rwandanda depuis le\nmois de f\u00e9vrier, vide cr\u00e9\u00e9 par le retrait des militaires des FARDC en\nf\u00e9vrier pour renforcer des zones de combats contre le M23.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 25 mai, des affrontements entre deux groupes\narm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s \u00e0 Kazinga et Tebero, en groupement\nNyamaboko 1 [e] : 15 maisons et un des b\u00e2timents du centre de sant\u00e9 de\nKazinga auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits par des obus. 6 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9es et 2 autres bless\u00e9es. Ces \u00e9v\u00e8nements ont entrain\u00e9 un mouvement\nde d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 903 m\u00e9nages de 4,515 personnes des\nvillages Kazinga, Tebero, Mupfo, Kimoo et Rwandanda vers les\nagglom\u00e9rations de Luke, Kihuma, Kishondja et Masisi centre dans les\ngroupements Nyamaboko 1 [e] et Buabo.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Dans le territoire de Beni, on note en avril des attaques sur les centres\nd\u2019enr\u00f4lement \u00e9lectoral par de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef de faction\nRNL ou par des hommes porteurs d'armes \u00e0 feu. A noter \u00e9galement la\ncontinuit\u00e9 d\u2019attaques des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF et autres groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 en d\u00e9but mai le renforcement des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur\nl\u2019axe Beni-Kasindi avec les travaux de la r\u00e9habilitation de cette route par\nles militaires UPDF. Ce renforcement a r\u00e9duit les activit\u00e9s des ADF sur\ncet axe et ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF tendent des embuscades sur l\u2019axe\nButembo-Karuma-Kasindi.\n\n\n6 Situation humanitaire dans la province du Nord-Kivu du 1er au 15 avril 2023, rapport\nproduit par OCHA RDC en collaboration avec les partenaires humanitaires\n\n\n\n\n- Au titre d\u2019attaques de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF, \u00e0 titre illustratif, entre le\n1er et le 15 avril, au moins 40 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans les zones de\nsant\u00e9 de Kalunguta et d'O\u00efcha.\n\n\nL\u2019attaque, la plus meurtri\u00e8re a eu lieu le 7 avril \u00e0 Musandaba, dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 d'O\u00efcha, o\u00f9 26 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, selon des organisations\nde la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale. O\u00efcha abrite actuellement plus de 65,000\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. [6]\nPour rappel, depuis mars 2023, les violences contre les civils ont\naugment\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative dans le territoire de Beni, avec plus\nde 100 civils tu\u00e9s rien qu'en mars, soit plus de huit fois plus de victimes\nqu\u2019en f\u00e9vrier (13). Depuis le d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e 2023, plus de 200 civils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s lors d'attaques arm\u00e9es dans le territoire de Beni, selon\nla soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale et des sources humanitaires.\n\n\n- Plusieurs sources ont rapport\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des camps ADF dans la\npartie ouest de la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019O\u00efcha, pouss\u00e9s dans leurs bastions\ntraditionnels par la pression militaire de la coalition FARDC UPDF et qui\nprofitent des vides s\u00e9curitaires laiss\u00e9s par les FARDC d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s vers les\nlignes de fronts contre les M23.\n\n\nA partir de ces nouveaux campements, ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s rebelles ont men\u00e9\nplusieurs attaques depuis janvier 2023 et qui a fait jusqu\u2019au mois d\u2019avril,\npr\u00e8s de 50 morts en zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019O\u00efcha.\n\n\n- Des attaques contre des agriculteurs et incursions dans les villages par\nles pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ADF se sont poursuivies en groupement Batangi Mbau et\nBambuba-Kisiki.\n\n\n - Le 8 avril, 26 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es \u00e0 Mbau par de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nADF \u00e0 environ 8 Km de Musakwa ;\n\n - Le 18 avril, 9 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, dont 2 femmes, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9es par de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ADF dans leurs champs aux environs des\nvillages Katerain et Tapis Rouge, en groupement Batangi Mbau ;\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\n\n - Le 23 avril, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF auraient tendu une\nembuscade \u00e0 des usagers de la route de desserte agricole\nTsanetsane-Mayimoya, au niveau du village Mulobya, groupement\nBambuba-Kisiki ;\n\n - Le 27 avril, une autre incursion des m\u00eames \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF a \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9e dans le village Musakwa, en localit\u00e9 Mbau. 3 hommes PDIs\nagriculteurs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par balles et un autre bless\u00e9. 6 autres\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et amen\u00e9s vers une destination inconnue et 3\nmotos auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es. Les victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9es\ndans leurs champs.\n\n\n- Du 1er au 25 avril 2023, 79 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s et\ndocument\u00e9s dans la commune rurale d\u2019Oicha et ses environs.\n\n\nSur les 100% de cas d\u2019incidents collect\u00e9s dans la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, 54\ncas sont des homicides/meurtres des populations civiles, soit 68.35%, 6\ncas de coups et blessures soit 7.5%, 4 cas d\u2019accident de circulation soit\n5%, 8 cas de viol soit 10%, 2 cas de mariage pr\u00e9coce soit 2.5% 2 cas de\nvol et pillage soit 2.5%, 3cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement soit 3.7%.\nLa plupart des victimes sont les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, les retourn\u00e9s et les peuples\nautochtones. Les auteurs seraient des ADF, les populations civiles et les\ninconnus.\n\n\n- 63 cas d\u2019incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des adultes\ndont l\u2019\u00e2ge varie de 19 \u00e0 63 ans soit 79.25% et 16 cas d\u2019incidents de\nprotection commis aux enfants dont l\u2019\u00e2ge varie entre 4 et 17 ans soit\n20.25%. [7]\n\n\n- Le 16 mai, des manifestations des jeunes protestant contre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\net r\u00e9clamant le d\u00e9part des combattants du UPLC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans\nla ZS de Kalunguta. Il sied de rappeler que ces combattants ULPC se\ntrouvent en cantonnement dans la zone depuis le mois de juillet 2019\ndans le cadre du Programme de D\u00e9mobilisation, D\u00e9sarmement,\nRel\u00e8vement Communautaire et Stabilisation (P-DDRCS).\n\n\n7\nRapport du monitoring de protection (MIDEFEHOPS) avril 2023\n\n\n\nLes sources locales rapportent qu\u2019en bloquant la circulation \u00e0 tout\nv\u00e9hicule, ce mouvement de manifestation aurait entrav\u00e9 le d\u00e9ploiement\ndes \u00e9quipes humanitaires sur le terrain et ainsi caus\u00e9 du retard dans la\nfourniture de l'assistance aux populations vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO**\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans le territoire de Nyiragongo continue\nd\u2019affecter les communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans la zone et reste un risque\nimportant de protection des civils.\n\n\nLes abus sur les civils (r\u00e9sidents et PDIs) qui continuent d\u2019\u00eatre all\u00e9gu\u00e9s\naux acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques dans la zone de Nyiragongo seraient\nen effet dus \u00e0 la proximit\u00e9 de ce territoire avec la ligne de front et la forte\nmilitarisation de la zone.\n\n\nA titre illustratif :\n\n - Du 2 au 5 avril, environ 80 maisons de civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9es par des\nhommes arm\u00e9s et plusieurs biens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s dans ces quartiers ;\n\n - Dans les nuits des 24 et 25 avril, \u00e0 Rushubi et Bagwagwa, groupement\nMunigi et en groupement de Buhene, des bandits arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s\nauraient fait incursion dans 6 maisons et auraient emport\u00e9 plusieurs\nbiens et de l'argent.\n\n\n- Des incursions nocturnes d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et\nmaisons des civils \u00e0 Goma et \u00e0 Nyiragongo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s\n\u00e9galement. La fr\u00e9quentation par des acteurs arm\u00e9s des sites de PDIs \u00e0\nKanyaruchinya demeure un d\u00e9fi majeur pour la protection et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n - Le 19 avril, des acteurs arm\u00e9s ont men\u00e9s des incursions dans 4 sites\nde PDIs \u00e0 Kanyaruchinya: Sites Maman Fifi, Adventiste, Assembl\u00e9e,\net site AFDI. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s auraient visit\u00e9 9 maisons de PDIs.\n\n - Des PDIs et r\u00e9sidents de Nyiragongo qui fr\u00e9quentent le Parc National\ndes Virunga continuent \u00e0 subir des abus par des acteurs arm\u00e9s non\u00e9tatiques actifs dans le parc. Le 23 mai, une femme PDI aurait \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\ntu\u00e9e par balles dans le Parc National de Virunga par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nd\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- En d\u00e9but avril, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire dans le nord du territoire de Lubero\na \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des attaques des centres d\u2019enr\u00f4lement et certaines\npositions FARDC par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n - Le 2 avril, des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s auraient attaqu\u00e9 le\ncentre d\u2019enr\u00f4lement des \u00e9lecteurs au village Vuranda, en\ngroupement Luongo. Le ravitaillement en armes et munitions serait\n\u00e0 la base de cette attaque ;\n\n - Le 5 avril 2023, des hommes arm\u00e9s ont attaqu\u00e9 le centre\nd\u2019inscription des \u00e9lecteurs de l\u2019EP Kirivata, en cellule Kirivata, en ville\nde Butembo.\n\n- Des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre deux factions d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9, en groupement Bulengya entrainant les d\u00e9placements d\u2019environ\n264 m\u00e9nages de 1,320 personnes des villages Vusaka, Mambungu,\nMutumbo, Kelekele vers le village de Buyinga ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s le 8 avril.\n\n\n- Le 19 avril, au village Buyinga, en groupement Lughongo des\naffrontements entre factions arm\u00e9es et la prise de contr\u00f4le du village par\nl\u2019une des factions ont entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement massif de 192 m\u00e9nages\nde 960 personnes de Vuyinga vers les villages Kalundu (groupement\nBukenye) et Bulengya (groupement Bulengya). Ces factions s\u2019attaquent\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement pour le contr\u00f4le de la zone, entrainant des d\u00e9placements\ncontinuels et aggravant ainsi la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des civils dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n- Le 19 mai, des militaires des FARDC auraient attaqu\u00e9 la position d\u2019un\ngroupe arm\u00e9 au village Kirirya, en groupement Ngulo. \u00c0 la suite de cet\naffrontement, pr\u00e8s de 37 m\u00e9nages de 177 personnes se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ndu village de Kirirya vers le village de Mihake, en groupement Buyora,\nDes \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe arm\u00e9 restent aux environs du village et le\nrisque des nouveaux affrontements est \u00e9lev\u00e9.\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Col3|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col5|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Col7|VBG|Col9|1612|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**



|
Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|\n|**Kalehe**|60|125|268|376|207|322|2|3|21|8|\n|**Fizi**|97|120|119|52|61|35|22|18|6|2|\n|**Shabunda**|20|93|137|123|64|52|28|14|15|23|\n|**Uvira**|280|23|72|67|74|68|3|3|2|0|\n|**TOTAL**|**457**|**361**|**596**|**618**|**406**|**477**|**55**|**38**|**44**|**33**|\n\n\n\n- Le contexte de protection dans le Sud Kivu a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la\nsituation extr\u00eamement tendue au niveau des hauts-plateaux de FIZI,\navec un renforcement des effectifs du groupes arm\u00e9s TWIGANERO, ce\nqui aurait handicap\u00e9 le processus de dialogues inter-ethniques sur la\npaix qui devrait se tenir \u00e0 Mikenge/Itombwe.\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 aussi la persistance de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les hauts plateaux\nde Bijombo en province du Sud-Kivu et l\u2019\u00e9largissement du champ\nd\u2019affrontements entre les groupes arm\u00e9s locaux avec leurs alli\u00e9s\nrespectifs sur fond des conflits intercommunautaires inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 la\ngestion du pouvoir, de terre et des ressources naturelles. Cette situation\na affect\u00e9 le groupement de Bijombo (Muramvya, Masata, Katanga, etc)\ndans la chefferie de Bavira, avant de s\u2019exporter vers le groupement de\nKigoma (Kahololo, Marungu, Kitembe, Bibangwa, Kitoga etc.) dans les\nhauts plateaux de la chefferie de Bafuliiru, provoquant ainsi des\nmouvements de population de ces diff\u00e9rents villages vers les for\u00eats\nd\u2019Itobwe et vers la plaine.\n\n- La r\u00e9currence des incursions et exactions commises par des groupes\narm\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la population civile continue d\u2019\u00eatre observ\u00e9e dans\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nla province du Sud Kivu qui est la deuxi\u00e8me province ayant le plus de\nviolations de droits humains en avril ( **1,384** ) et mai ( **1,528** ) 2023.\n\n\n- Au mois de mai, les territoires les plus touch\u00e9s sont Kalehe (835 cas),\nShabunda (305 cas), Fizi (227 cas) et Uvira (161).\n\n\n- Dans la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, 38 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dont 23 cas\nde viol dans les territoires ci-apr\u00e8s : Shabunda (8 cas), Fizi (12 cas),\nKalehe (03 cas).\n\n\n- 33 violations graves contre les enfants en situation de conflits arm\u00e9s ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es : 24 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements/recrutement et utilisation\nd'enfants, 03 cas de violence sexuelle, 02 cas de meurtres/mutilations.\n\n\n- Les territoires les plus affect\u00e9s sont Kalehe (21 cas), Shabunda (15 cas),\nFizi (06 cas) et Uvira (02 cas).\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- En d\u00e9but avril, la relative accalmie observ\u00e9e dans des zones d\u2019origine\ndes PDIs apr\u00e8s le retrait des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 a entrain\u00e9 quelques\nretours. En effet, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 un retour d\u2019environ 458 m\u00e9nages de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDIs) venus de Kitembo, Kasunyu,\nBulenga, Chebumba, Minova, Cheya et Kalungu (zones d\u2019accueil) dans\nle territoire de Kalehe, vers Sake, Luhonga, Mubambiro, Kimoka,\nKabase, Murambi, Kirotshe, Shasha, Kituva et Kiluku en groupements de\nMupfunyi Shanga et Kamuronza (zones de retour) en territoire de Masisi.\n\n\n- De nouvelles vagues d\u2019environ 304 m\u00e9nages de PDIs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9es dans la localit\u00e9 de Minova. Ces PDIs seraient venues de\nBihambwe, Karuba, Mahele et Mushaki en territoire de Masisi. Elles\nauraient fui les affrontements opposant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 \u00e0 un groupe\nd\u2019autod\u00e9fense locale dans les entit\u00e9s pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es au cours des p\u00e9riodes du\n13 au 15 avril et du 22 au 24 avril 2023. Elles seraient re\u00e7ues \u00e0 Minova,\nKalungu et autres villages environnants et viennent s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 d\u2019autres\nqui auraient fui pour les m\u00eames raisons.\n\n\nFaute d\u2019espace dans les familles d\u2019accueil, certaines PDIs utiliseraient\ndes \u00e9coles et autres b\u00e2timents collectifs comme abri.\n\n\n\nLa promiscuit\u00e9 au sein des familles d\u2019accueil, l\u2019insalubrit\u00e9 due \u00e0\nl\u2019insuffisance de latrines et l\u2019occupation de certaines \u00e9coles et \u00e9glises par\nles PDIs les exposent \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de cohabitation entre PDIs et\nfamilles d\u2019accueil, ainsi que des probl\u00e8mes sanitaires (diarrh\u00e9e, cholera\netc.).\n\n- Il est important de relever que la menace des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\nqui s\u2019identifie \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 locale se fait de plus en plus grande\ndans les entit\u00e9s des groupements de Buzi et Ziralo, zones d\u2019accueil des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s s\u2019attaqueraient aux civils en\nparticulier aux commer\u00e7ants. Des sources concordantes renseignent\nqu\u2019au cours de ces attaques, ces hommes arm\u00e9s se rabattraient aussi\nsur les membres de la communaut\u00e9 oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 la leur, sur fond du conflit\nfoncier et identitaire qui oppose depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es leurs\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales.\nNotons que ces attaques pourraient \u00e0 la longue conduire \u00e0 de nouveaux\naccrochages avec d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9\ndes victimes, et conduire \u00e0 l\u2019escalade de la violence.\n\n\n- Le territoire de Kalehe qui est l\u2019un des territoires de la province du sud\nKivu les plus touch\u00e9s par l\u2019impact de la crise M23 depuis le d\u00e9but de\ncette ann\u00e9e, a \u00e9t\u00e9 impact\u00e9 par des catastrophes naturelles caus\u00e9es par\ndes pluies diluviennes en avril et mai 2023.\n\n\n- Les aires de sant\u00e9 touch\u00e9es sont Bushushu et Nyamukubi, qui sont\nsitu\u00e9es sur le littoral du lac Kivu, dans la chefferie de Buhavu, dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Kalehe.\n\n\n- A titre d\u2019illustration, en date du 17 au 19 avril 2023, des pluies diluviennes\naccompagn\u00e9es de vents violents auraient caus\u00e9 d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts\nmat\u00e9riels et humains sur les PDIs \u00e0 Minova et Kalungu. Selon des\nsources locales, 03 personnes dont un enfant seraient mortes, 30\nmaisons d\u00e9truites et plusieurs autres endommag\u00e9s. Au moins 294\nm\u00e9nages sinistr\u00e9s seraient sans logement ou d\u2019autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us au\nsein des familles d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n- Les inondations de d\u00e9but mai ont eu pour cons\u00e9quences :\n\n\n - Environ 443 personnes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es dont 145 enfants (84 filles, 61\ngar\u00e7ons) ;\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\n\n - Plus de 4 000 maisons emport\u00e9es ;\n\n - Des centaines de personnes disparues ;\n\n - 21 \u00e9coles de l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Bushushu affect\u00e9es (13 \u00e9coles\nprimaires et 8 \u00e9coles secondaires) ;\n\n - 13 \u00e9coles de l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Nyamukubi affect\u00e9es (8 \u00e9coles\nprimaires et 5 \u00e9coles secondaires) ;\n\n - Au moins 197 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es dont 12% d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s ;\n\n - 34 de VBG dont 21 \u00e0 Bushushu et 13 \u00e0 Nyamukubi ;\n\n - Pr\u00e8s de 280 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et plus de 300 enfants\ns\u00e9par\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s ;\n\n - Plus de 650 enfants orphelins ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s, dont un\nnombre important entre 0 et 4 ans.\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n\n- Durant les mois d\u2019avril et mai, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par une hausse de criminalit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par des bandits et\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s qui attaqueraient des villages et\ncommettraient des violations des droits humains (enl\u00e8vement contre\nran\u00e7on, pillage etc). La libre circulation des armes et la faible pr\u00e9sence\nmilitaire dans plusieurs entit\u00e9s favoriseraient ces attaques.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, dans la nuit du 03 au 04 avril 2023 par une attaque qui\naurait \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite par des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s dans une\nstructure m\u00e9dicale locale, situ\u00e9e dans la ville de Baraka. Des fouilles\nsyst\u00e9matiques auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 faites contre le personnel soignant de ladite\nstructure ainsi que des malades trouv\u00e9s sur place. Une somme\nimportante d\u2019argent et des biens auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s par les\nravisseurs.\n\n\nL\u2019on note \u00e9galement la persistance de la mise en place de barri\u00e8res\npayantes attribuables aux FARDC et certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\ndans plusieurs entit\u00e9s du groupement de Basimukuma Sud, dans le\nsecteur de Mutambala. Ces barri\u00e8res payantes impactent n\u00e9gativement\nsur la mobilit\u00e9 des populations civiles vers leurs champs et autres\nsources d\u2019approvisionnement en denr\u00e9es alimentaires ainsi que d\u2019autres\nproduits manufactur\u00e9s. Cette situation pourrait conduire \u00e0 la hausse des\nprix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires mais aussi la p\u00e9nurie d\u2019autres produits \u00e0\nla suite de la limitation de mouvement impos\u00e9e par ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n- Les cas de viol sur mineures qui ont marqu\u00e9 l\u2019environnement de\nprotection (17 cas en avril et mai) seraient majoritairement commis par\ndes bandits et \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques au cours des attaques\ncibl\u00e9es contre des op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques dans la partie littorale du\nterritoire (sp\u00e9cifiquement les groupements de Basikasilu, Basikalangwa,\nBabungwe Sud, Babungwe Nord et la ville de Baraka).\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 10 avril 2023, des hommes arm\u00e9s non autrement\nidentifi\u00e9s auraient conduit une attaque contre 03 filles mineures qu\u2019ils\nauraient surprises en pleine r\u00e9colte dans un champ dans une localit\u00e9 du\ngroupement de Babungwe Sud, et les auraient viol\u00e9es. Selon des\nsources concordantes, les survivantes auraient acc\u00e9d\u00e9 au paquet de\nprise en charge m\u00e9dicale dans une structure m\u00e9dicale locale.\n\n\n- Des pluies diluviennes accompagn\u00e9es de vents auraient caus\u00e9\nd\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts humains et mat\u00e9riels dans le territoire de Fizi.\n\n - Dans la nuit du 17 au 18 avril 2023, les pluies auraient caus\u00e9 des\nd\u00e9bordements des rivi\u00e8res Kabondozi, Mukwezi, Munene et Sangya\net du Lac Tanganyika. Des sources concordantes renseignent la\nmort de 08 civils dont 02 enfants, la destruction de 294 maisons et\nl\u2019endommagement de plusieurs champs dans des villages Kenya,\nKabumbe, Ilakala, Mboko, Sanza et Kakone. La proximit\u00e9 desdits\nvillages des rivi\u00e8res et du Lac fait que plusieurs maisons et champs\nsont affect\u00e9s par les eaux au cours de cette p\u00e9riode pluvieuse.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- On rapporte l\u2019occupation des villages Musongo et Kalonda par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 depuis le 02 avril 2023. Ces acteurs arm\u00e9s\nnon \u00e9tatiques seraient venus de la Province du Maniema. En d\u00e9but de\nmois ils auraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 recrut\u00e9 35 civils (30 hommes et 05 enfants) dans\nces deux villages en vue de reconqu\u00e9rir leurs anciennes positions\nactuellement contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les Forces arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique\nd\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) dans toute la chefferie de Wakabango\nIer.\n\n\n- En mai, des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s se sont poursuivies dans les\nentit\u00e9s du groupement de Batali malgr\u00e9 le r\u00e9cent d\u00e9ploiement des unit\u00e9s\nFARDC intervenu dans la zone.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 le 17 mai, une incursion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\ndans le village Mutumbi o\u00f9 ils auraient commis des actes de pillage,\npoussant environ 72 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement vers la brousse.\n\nPour rappel, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques auraient successivement\noccup\u00e9 le groupement de Batali au cours des ann\u00e9es 2012, 2014, 2018,\n2020 et 2021, sur appel des autorit\u00e9s locales dudit groupement. Ces\nderni\u00e8res seraient en conflit de pouvoir coutumier avec la chefferie de\nWakabango Ier dont elles d\u00e9pendent.\n\n\nL\u2019opposition sur la gestion des carr\u00e9s miniers dont regorge ledit\ngroupement serait la source de ce conflit entre les deux parties qui se\nserviraient des groupes arm\u00e9s pour s\u00e9curiser ces entit\u00e9s mini\u00e8res.\nNotons qu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9faut de sources d\u2019approvisionnement en denr\u00e9es\nalimentaires, munitions et armes dans cette entit\u00e9, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce\ngroupe arm\u00e9 pilleraient les biens des exploitants miniers et autres civils.\n\n\nDes attaques d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques se poursuivent dans des\ncarr\u00e9s miniers et villages des groupements de Bamuguba Sud et Ikama\nKasanza. Elles auraient comme motivation l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux minerais qui,\nselon des sources locales, permettraient \u00e0 ces hommes de se ravitailler\nen armes et munitions en \u00e9change. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s s\u2019attaqueraient\nplus aux exploitants miniers et op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques, qu\u2019ils estiment\nd\u00e9tenir les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res tant convoit\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Notons \u00e9galement que d\u2019autres civils en particulier les femmes et les\nfilles subissent des effets de ces attaques sans qu\u2019ils ne soient vis\u00e9s\ndirectement.\n\n\nLe 09 avril 2023, 06 civils dont 03 femmes de retour d\u2019un carr\u00e9 minier\nlocal auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s qui auraient emport\u00e9\nplusieurs biens des civils, y compris de l\u2019argent. Ils auraient aussi\nadministr\u00e9 des coups aux r\u00e9sistants, et viol\u00e9 les 03 femmes.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Au cours des deux mois \u00e9coul\u00e9s, la menace d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques s\u2019est faite de plus en plus grande dans les Hauts et Moyens\nPlateaux d\u2019Uvira, et dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi. Elle serait aliment\u00e9e par\nle conflit foncier et de transhumance qui oppose les \u00e9leveurs aux\n\n\n\nagriculteurs. Selon des sources concordantes, des cas de pillage de\nb\u00e9tail et d\u2019autres biens de valeur, fond\u00e9s sur ce conflit se commettent\ncontre les populations civiles de la part de milices arm\u00e9es. Notons que\ndes accrochages seraient occasionnellement signal\u00e9s entre ces\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et parfois entre ceux-ci et les FARDC qui les traquent.\n\n\n- On signale par ailleurs la r\u00e9currence des cas de justice populaire dans\ncertaines entit\u00e9s du groupement de Kabunambo dans la Plaine de la\nRuzizi. Les personnes de troisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge seraient les plus affect\u00e9es par\nces cas. Elles seraient accus\u00e9es de sorcellerie par certains membres de\nla communaut\u00e9 qui les maltraitent en leur attribuant les cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s\nsurvenus dans les villages. Plusieurs personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ncontraintes au d\u00e9placement vers d\u2019autres agglom\u00e9rations offrant des\ngaranties du point de vue s\u00e9curitaire (cas sp\u00e9cifique de la ville d\u2019Uvira)\npour se mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri de ces attaques.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 la reddition de 8 \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 qui se\nseraient rendus aux FARDC \u00e0 Lemera les 11 et 17 avril 2023. Ce groupe,\nauquel plusieurs attaques assorties de violations des droits humains dont\nle pillage du b\u00e9tail, meurtre des civils, incendie des maisons, enl\u00e8vement\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es, op\u00e9rerait dans les entit\u00e9s des Hauts et Moyens\nPlateaux et dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi.\n\n\nCette reddition serait, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, un avantage pour la population civile car\nelle faciliterait l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s locaux, aux champs et autres sources\nd\u2019approvisionnement local autrefois bloqu\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de la menace dudit\ngroupe. Elle faciliterait \u00e9galement le rapprochement social entre\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales en conflit foncier et de transhumance datant de\nplusieurs ann\u00e9es. Cependant, elle permettrait l\u2019occupation des anciens\nbastions du groupe arm\u00e9 venant de se rendre par les autres groupes\noppos\u00e9s au premier avec comme potentielle cons\u00e9quence l\u2019exposition\ndes civils, membres de la communaut\u00e9 du groupe venant de capituler\naux actes de repr\u00e9sailles du second groupe attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9\nlocale en conflit avec le premier.\n\n\n- Le territoire d\u2019Uvira a aussi connu les cons\u00e9quences des pluies\ndiluviennes dans la derni\u00e8re partie du mois : dans la nuit du 18 avril 2023,\nla ville d\u2019Uvira aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la zone la plus touch\u00e9e. Selon des sources\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nconcordantes, environ 126 maisons seraient inond\u00e9es dans les quartiers\nNyamianda et Kilibula.\n\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n- En avril, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9\nmarqu\u00e9e par la reddition faite par une vingtaine d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments munis\nd\u2019armes et qui se sont rendus aux FARDC **.** Cette reddition serait\nintervenue \u00e0 Mwenga centre au cours de la premi\u00e8re semaine d\u2019avril et\nserait le r\u00e9sultat des efforts de sensibilisation men\u00e9e par le\ngouvernement congolais dans le cadre du processus PDDRC-S. Il est\nimportant de signaler que l\u2019influence de ce groupe dans ce territoire et la\nr\u00e9cente reddition faite pourraient pousser les autres groupes arm\u00e9s\nencore actifs dans la zone \u00e0 s\u2019impliquer dans le m\u00eame processus en vue\nd\u2019une paix durable.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoire|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Col3|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col5|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Col7|VBG|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoire**|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|\n|**Kalemie**|3|27|85|219|70|109|7|23|\n|**TOTAL**|**3 **|**27**|**85**|**219**|**70**|**109**|**7 **|**23**|\n\n\n\n- La situation de Protection des civils s\u2019est encore d\u00e9grad\u00e9e dans le\nTanganyika et suit les m\u00eames tendances que les mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents avec\nune augmentation notable des incidents de protection depuis le mois de\nmars [8] . Le territoire de Kalemie continue d\u2019\u00eatre le territoire connaissant le\nplus grand nombre de violations des droits humains qui sont\nprincipalement commises par les groupes arm\u00e9s . Alors que le territoire\nde Kongolo n\u2019avait jusqu\u2019ici pas fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une attention particuli\u00e8re\n\n\n8 BCNUDH, Analyse de la situation R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo des droits de\nl\u2019homme, mars 2O23\n\n\n\ndurant les mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, il est not\u00e9 une augmentation de la criminalit\u00e9\net des incidents de protection. A cette situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 complexe et fragile,\nse sont ajout\u00e9es des inondations affectant plusieurs localit\u00e9s de la\nprovince dont, au mois d\u2019avril, les territoires de Kabalo avec 29,950\npersonnes, Manono avec 29,155 personnes, Kongolo avec 5,075\npersonnes, Nyunzu avec 4,890 personnes et Kalemie.\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- L\u2019axe Kalemie-Moba demeure en proie \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 en raison de\nl\u2019activisme des miliciens Twa et Bantou. Plusieurs incursions meurtri\u00e8res\ndes milices Twa ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es en avril et mai.\n\n - Le 08 avril 2023, la localit\u00e9 de Tembwe sur le littoral du lac\nTanganyika a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9e par de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s miliciens Twa faisant 3\nmorts et 6 bless\u00e9s graves par fl\u00e8ches, et un pillage de biens chez\nune centaine de m\u00e9nages ainsi qu\u2019un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de 500\nm\u00e9nages vers Moba, Kalemie et la Tanzanie.\n\n - Le 16 avril, les miliciens Bantou commun\u00e9ment d\u00e9nomm\u00e9s \u00ab\nEl\u00e9ments \u00bb ont fait incursion \u00e0 Matakiko et Nkulubisanga,\ncommettant pillages des biens et infligeant d\u2019autres traitements\ninhumains \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des civils.\n\n - Entre le 18 et le 21 mai, 10 personnes ont encore \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et une\nvingtaine d\u2019autres gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9es par fl\u00e8ches au cours d\u2019une\nnouvelle incursion des miliciens Twa dans plusieurs villages,\nnotamment Kikonde, Ompola, Kimena, Kabwema, Lulaba, Kateke,\nMasele, situ\u00e9s le littoral du Lac Tanganyika. Cette attaque aurait\nentra\u00een\u00e9 l\u2019incendie de plusieurs maisons et un mouvement de\npopulations d\u2019environ 560 personnes vers Tembwe et Moba.\n\n\n- En fin mai, la protection de civils est rest\u00e9e affect\u00e9e par les affrontements\narm\u00e9s entre les Mayi Mayi Biloze Bishambuke et les miliciens Twa de la\nfaction Mwevu accompagn\u00e9s d\u2019importants abus des droits humains dans\nplusieurs villages des Hauts Plateaux de Batumba (Mitumba).\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nAu cours de ces affrontements quatorze femmes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es\ntandis qu\u2019une femme enceinte aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ventr\u00e9e ainsi que son f\u0153tus\n\u00e9cras\u00e9 au mortier.\nCes attaques ont touch\u00e9 des localit\u00e9s dans la zone de sant\u00e9 Nyemba et\ndes centaines de maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et au moins 2,250\npersonnes seraient forc\u00e9es de fuir de ces villages vers Muganwa.\nDe m\u00eame \u00e0 Mulolwa sur l\u2019axe Muhala\u2013Mulolwa\u2013LamboKilela, les Mayi\nMayi Biloze Bishambuke auraient attaqu\u00e9 une position militaire des\nFARDC du 29 au 30 mai 2023 et auraient incendi\u00e9 et pill\u00e9 des maisons\nprovoquant un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 900 personnes vers\nLambo-Kilela.\n\n\n**KONGOLO**\n\n- La protection des civils dans le territoire de Kongolo demeure affect\u00e9e\npar la mont\u00e9e de la criminalit\u00e9 observ\u00e9e depuis le mois de mars. Les\nassaillants multiplient les attaques cibl\u00e9es en vue du pillage ou\nextorsions de biens des civils dans la partie Nord-Ouest de Kongolo.\n\n\n- En avril, les incursions des Mayi Mayi Mala\u00efka dans les villages de\nMakutano, Ponda, Buyovu, Kateba (Zone de Sant\u00e9 Mbulula), Mugizya,\nSola, Masambi et Katele (Zone de Sant\u00e9 Kongolo) se sont multipli\u00e9es \u00e0\npartir du Sud du territoire de Kabambare au Maniema. En effet le 23 avril\n2023, des hommes arm\u00e9s cagoul\u00e9s ont fait incursion dans une r\u00e9sidence\nabrit\u00e9e par 3 commer\u00e7ants ambulants \u00e0 Lusindoyi (30 Km au Nrod Ouest\nde Kongolo). Ces derniers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019arme blanche et d\u00e9pouill\u00e9s\nde sommes d\u2019argent ainsi que d\u2019autres biens de valeur. Cette incursion\nintervient trois jours apr\u00e8s une autre attaque des hommes arm\u00e9s dirig\u00e9s\ncontre quatre motards port\u00e9s disparus dans la m\u00eame zone \u00e0 Kalenge.\n\n- La d\u00e9gradation de la situation de protection dans la zone est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la\nfaiblesse de l'autorit\u00e9 de l'Etat au Nord de Kongolo, laissant place aux\nMayi Mayi Mala\u00efka de se substituer en autorit\u00e9 pour le r\u00e8glement de\ncertains litiges parmi les populations.\n\n\n9 ADAM, Advanced Disaster Analysis and Mapping, Flood Impact Analysis RD\nCongo\n\n\n\n**MOBA**\n\n- Les miliciens Twa auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs dans le territoire de\nMoba. En effet, 02 homicides et 01 cas de coups et blessures graves\nleurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 Mganja situ\u00e9e dans le groupement\nMpala o\u00f9 ils auraient br\u00fbl\u00e9 vifs 02 enfants.\n\n- Cette recrudescence des attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les miliciens Twa\nserait motiv\u00e9e par l\u2019approche de la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9coltes au cours de\nlaquelle ces miliciens chercheraient \u00e0 s\u2019accaparer des produits\nchamp\u00eatres appartenant aux bantous.\n\n\n**CATASTROPHES DES MOIS D\u2019AVRIL ET MAI**\n\n- Plusieurs territoires de Tanganyika ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par les inondations\napr\u00e8s de fortes pluies diluviennes enregistr\u00e9es. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les sources\nhumanitaires, en avril, au moins **10,316 m\u00e9nages de 43,067 personnes**\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9es et sont dans les besoins en ayant notamment perdu\nleurs biens m\u00e9nagers et les abris. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les m\u00eames sources, les\nterritoires les plus affect\u00e9s par ordre d\u00e9croissant sont : Kabalo avec\n29,950 personnes (5,990 m\u00e9nages), Manono avec 29,155 personnes\n(5,831 m\u00e9nages), Kongolo avec 5,075 personnes (1,015 m\u00e9nages),\nNyunzu avec 4,890 personnes (978 m\u00e9nages) et Kalemie avec 4,320\npersonnes (864 m\u00e9nages).\n\n\n- A Kalemie 23,004 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9es par les inondations du\nmois de mai et ont notamment perdu leurs biens m\u00e9nagers et les abris. [9]\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations
du droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Col3|Violations
du droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col5|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Col7|VBG|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|Avril|Mai|\n|**Kasai**|68|36|99|25|93|56|82|74|\n|**Kasai**
**Oriental**|14|46|98|149|111|233|37|71|\n|**Kasai**
**Central**|37|115|148|450|169|372|82|329|\n|**TOTAL**|**119**|**197**|**345**|**624**|**373**|**661**|**201**|**474**|\n\n\n\n- Environ 1,079 violations et incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au\ncours de la p\u00e9riode, dont 43% dans le Kasai Central, plus de 32% dans\nle Kasai et plus de 24% dans le Kasai Oriental, soit une augmentation\ndes violations de 19% dans les provinces par rapport au mois de mars\nou il y avait environ 872 violations.\n\n- Une attention particuli\u00e8re est \u00e0 porter sur plusieurs zones dans le Grand\nKasa\u00ef qui sont pollu\u00e9es par des REG et mines et pr\u00e9sentent des dangers\nde mort, r\u00e9duisant les espaces agraires utiles, les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019activit\u00e9s\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus, les vell\u00e9it\u00e9s de retour de certaines personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es [10] .\n\n - A titre d\u2019illustration, en d\u00e9but avril 2023, une forte d\u00e9tonation a eu\nlieu \u00e0 Kamako (province du Kasa\u00ef) dans une fabrique artisanale de\ncasseroles. C\u2019est un objet en aluminium plac\u00e9 au feu, un reste\nd\u2019explosif de guerre semble-t-il, qui aurait explos\u00e9 et le responsable\nde la fabrique ignorait la nature de l\u2019objet.\n\n\n10 Note d\u2019analyse et de plaidoyer_ Contamination des zones par des mines, restes d\u2019explosifs\nde guerre (REG) et armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre dans le Grand Kasa\u00ef_Avril 2023\n\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n- La cohabitation pacifique et la coh\u00e9sion sociale continuent d\u2019\u00eatre\nmenac\u00e9es, \u00e0 divers endroits dans la province du Kasai, par des conflits\nde pouvoirs coutumiers opposant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux camps. C\u2019est\nparticuli\u00e8rement le cas dans le secteur de Luebo Lulengele, notamment\nsur l\u2019axe Luebo cit\u00e9-Bajila Kapumbu o\u00f9 beaucoup de chefs coutumiers\navaient pris part au mouvement Kamuina Nsapu. Ceci avait amen\u00e9 \u00e0 leur\ndestitution et leur remplacement par d\u2019autres membres des familles\nr\u00e9gnantes. Toujours dans le territoire de Luebo, un autre conflit de\npouvoir coutumier a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 \u00e0 Ndjokopunda.\nLe 21 avril, de vives tensions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es dans le groupement\nNtambwe Kabongo, \u00e0 7 kilom\u00e8tres de la cit\u00e9 de Nsumbula dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Kamonia entre des partisans de deux fils qui se disputent le\ntr\u00f4ne laiss\u00e9 par leur p\u00e8re. Le bilan de ces affrontements fait \u00e9tat de 4\nbless\u00e9s.\n\n- Par ailleurs, un conflit foncier opposerait une \u00e9glise branhamiste de\nNdjokopunda \u00e0 une frange de la population locale que ladite \u00e9glise\nvoudrait d\u00e9guerpir d\u2019une concession. La population accuse le service\nlocal de cadastre d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 la base de ce conflit.\n\n- Des inondations ont eu lieu dans les territoires de Luebo affectant\ns\u00e9v\u00e8rement 11 villages, Ndjoko-Punda Port, et dans le **territoire de**\n**Tshikapa**, ou la Centrale \u00e9lectrique a \u00e9t\u00e9 inond\u00e9e le 18 avril,\noccasionnant une rupture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 dans la ville pendant\nquelques jours.\nUne \u00e9cole primaire recevant pr\u00e8s de 450 enfants a \u00e9t\u00e9 inond\u00e9e, pr\u00e8s de\n500 maisons au bord de la rivi\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites ou endommag\u00e9es\n(leurs habitants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 log\u00e9s dans des familles d\u2019accueil, des espaces\ncommunautaires, etc.).\n\n\nEnviron 38,104 personnes affect\u00e9es (9,436 m\u00e9nages), soit 2% de la\npopulation totale des 10 zones de sant\u00e9 touch\u00e9es, 46 d\u00e9c\u00e8s enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n\n- **Kamako :** de nombreuses personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es et enregistr\u00e9es\nau poste de Kamako en avril et mai 2023.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n\nCes expulsions ont comme cons\u00e9quences la surpopulation de la ville de\nKamako qui est la principale localit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil avec un acc\u00e8s difficile ;\naugmentation de cas de VBG, activit\u00e9 de sexe de survie, difficult\u00e9\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour certains enfants, absence de m\u00e9canisme\nappropries pour la prise en charge des personnes ayant des besoins\nsp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n- Dans la province du Kasai central, le 16 avril dans le **Territoire de**\n**Dibaya**, secteur de Dibataie, Groupement de Bena MANDE, village\nNtenda, zone de sant\u00e9 de Tshikula, une femme a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9capit\u00e9e dans un\nchamp disput\u00e9 par les communaut\u00e9s des Bajila Kasanga au Kasa\u00ef\ncentral et certains villages voisins se trouvant au Kasa\u00ef Oriental. Cette\ntrag\u00e9die se serait produite avec la complicit\u00e9 d\u2019adeptes de Ntenda\nTshiambi qui se seraient r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Kasa\u00ef Oriental \u00e0 la suite du conflit\nde contr\u00f4le de pouvoir coutumier qui oppose deux chefs coutumiers dans\nle village \u00ab Ntenda \u00bb. En fin mai 2023, le conflit foncier est \u00e0 l\u2019origine du\nd\u00e9placement de 2,500 PDIs, des pertes en vie humaine, l\u2019incendie de\n400 maisons.\n\n\n- Dans les **territoires de Luiza,** \u00e0 la suite du meurtre d\u2019un grand notable\nde l'entit\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentant d\u2019un parti politique le 25 avril, des jeunes de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 de Luiza se seraient livr\u00e9s \u00e0 des actes de vandalisme et de\npillage des maisons commerciales. L\u2019incident aurait entrain\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement d\u2019une partie de la population du centre-ville vers la\np\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Luiza.\n\n\n- Dans les **territoires de Dimbelenge**, dans le secteur de LUBI, on signale\nde vives tensions entre les villages Kasasa et Basonge Bambele depuis\nle 27 avril 2023 \u00e0 la suite du conflit des limites champ\u00eatres qui les\noppose. Les affrontements ont occasionn\u00e9 08 homicides, 2 cas de\nblessures graves ainsi que plus de 1600 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers le\nvillage de Tshintu Mwanza (territoire de Lupatapata) dans la Province du\nKasa\u00ef Oriental. Les dynamiques en pr\u00e9sence r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une accalmie dans\nla zone gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9s par\nles autorit\u00e9s provinciales et militaires.\n\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL**\n\n- Plus de 500 maisons se sont \u00e9croul\u00e9es \u00e0 Mbujimayi, Commune de\nBipemba, suite \u00e0 une forte pluie le dimanche 02 avril 2023. Les victimes\nsont expos\u00e9es aux maladies, viols, violences, sexe de survie, travail\nd\u2019enfant ainsi qu\u2019a plusieurs autres incidents de protection.\n\n## PROVINCE DU MA\u00cf-NDOMBE ET ALENTOURS\n\n\nLes violences intercommunautaires qui ont commenc\u00e9 depuis\n2022 dans le Kwamouth se sont r\u00e9pandues depuis un moment\ndans d\u2019autres provinces \u00e0 savoir le Kwilu, Kwango, Congo\nCentral et les p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries de Kinshasa, avec la survenance de\nl\u2019activisme d\u2019une milice appel\u00e9e Mobondo.\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire dans les trois provinces s\u2019est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une\ns\u00e9rie d\u2019affrontements entre les miliciens Mobondo et les FARDC, avec\ncomme cons\u00e9quence le d\u00e9placement des populations.\n\n- Les sources locales rapportent une dizaine d\u2019attaques entre le 6 mars et\nle 23 avril 2023 ayant entrain\u00e9 la mort d\u2019une quarantaine de personnes\nainsi que les d\u00e9placements de plusieurs milliers d\u2019autres.\n\n\n- Entre le 7 et le 16 mai, plus de cinq attaques ayant oppos\u00e9 les miliciens\nMobondo aux FARDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es sur la RN1, axe Maluku- pont\nKwango, \u00e0 Batshiongo (Kwango) et \u00e0 Fatundu dans le Kwilu.\nActuellement l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019activisme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments Mobondo est aux\nenvirons de la ville de Kinshasa\n\n\n- Le 14 mai 2023, les miliciens Mobondo se sont affront\u00e9s avec les FARDC\ndans la localit\u00e9 Batshiongo (150 kms de Kinshasa), ce qui a entrain\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 12 000 personnes vers la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nPopokabaka (localit\u00e9s Iyimbi Yanga, Kingunzi, Mukila Ndondo, Mutayi,\nKabama, Ipongi, Mutombo Yamfu, Kalala, Lusanga, Popokabaka 1, 2 et\n3.). Lors de ces affrontements, plus de 11 personnes sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es. Une\nsituation similaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e dans la localit\u00e9 Salapamba vers\nFatundu dans la province du Kwilu le 16 mai 2023, o\u00f9 les miliciens\nMobondo qui seraient venus de Kwamouth se sont affront\u00e9s avec les\npoliciers de la place.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL- MAI 2023**\n\n\n- Le lancement des op\u00e9rations militaires pour la traque des miliciens\nMobondo, lanc\u00e9es depuis le 14 mai dans les trois provinces\nsusmentionn\u00e9es, y compris les environs de Kinshasa (Menkao et\nMbankana) affectent l\u2019acc\u00e8s dans certaines localit\u00e9s du plateau des\nBateke, mais \u00e9galement dans certains axes de ces trois provinces, tels\nque Mashambio. Ces op\u00e9rations militaires seraient \u00e9galement \u00e0 la base\nde fuite des miliciens Mobondo vers les localit\u00e9s de Kwango et Kwilu, o\u00f9\nces derniers commettent des exactions et accroissent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 au sein\nde la population lors de leur passage.\n\n\n- Il convient de noter aussi l\u2019arrestation de plusieurs dizaines de personnes\nsuspect\u00e9es d\u2019implication dans les incidents violents comme des attaques\nde villages dans la r\u00e9gion ou leur implication pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e dans des actions\nviolentes visant \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le retour des populations vers leurs villages\nd\u2019origine. Parmi les personnes interpell\u00e9es, 15 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnues\ncoupables et condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 mort par le tribunal Militaire de la Garnison\nde Bandundu le 17 avril 2023.\n\n## LIMITATIONS\n\n\n- Cet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base bimestrielle \u00e0 partir des informations et\ndes rapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et\ndes discussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport\ntelles que disponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s\npar des exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du\nplaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre\naux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et\nam\u00e9liorer le rapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/74fae2f7-98e3-41bf-8f43-c43aab0cd8b5/Points%20saillants_Situation%20de%20protection_avril%20et%20mai_2023_RDC%20Congo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_533/raw/doc_533_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_533/raw/doc_533_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5bad66be29a51c46ce88fa3da2110ec4c5642ec7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_533/raw/doc_533_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n\n## **\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443**\n### **\u0416\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n#### 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22\n\n\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 ............................................................................................................................... 22\n\n\n1 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n#### 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(unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92598)\n2 [\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456 (\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u0440.) \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0430 | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/recommendations-application-temporary-protection-directive-poland-december-2022)\n\n\n2 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u0426\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0423\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u0437\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 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\u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456
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[5]\n\n\n5 [\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456: \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-protection-analysis-update-unabated-violations-against-civilians-increase-impact-protection-risks-population-june-2023-enuk)\n\n\n6 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n#### **\u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e**\n\n\n\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 27,8% \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u044e, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0456, 16,6% \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\n\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0456\u0432, 10,3% \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f,\n\u0430 10,3% \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445.\n\n\n\u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445\n(34,1%), \u0437\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0456\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (33,6%) \u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\n(31,9%). \u041d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u0456\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0439\n\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0456 \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e.\n\n\n7 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n#### **\u041f\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438**\n\n\n**\u0411\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0456\u0437 24 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e 30 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 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\u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445 (\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b,\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 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\u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0447\u0438\n\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.\n\n\n9 [\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456: \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0439 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445](https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715,zarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/51354/table) \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d,\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.\n10 [\u0412\u041e\u041e\u0417: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u0440.](https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/19-12-2022-new-research-reveals-how-war-related-distress-affects-mental-health-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-poland)\n11 [\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Save the Children \u0442\u0430 Impact: \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0456\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438,](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/experiences-needs-and-aspirations-of-children-adolescents-and-caregivers-displaced-from-ukraine/?_ga=2.129760588.1113878315.1695721795-1619300919.1691836973&_gl=1*y7ufu5*_ga*MTYxOTMwMDkxOS4xNjkxODM2OTcz)\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.\n\n11 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u0417 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\n\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 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[15]\n\n\n12 [\u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 21 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f 2022 \u0440.](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20220000645/O/D20220645.pdf)\n13 [\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 (CEO): \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://ceo.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CEO_ukrainian_refugee_students_april_2023-ENG.pdf)\n14 [\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445.](https://dane.gov.pl/pl)\n15 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e_, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 13.\n\n\n13 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0456\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445\n\u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445\n\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456. \u0423 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\n\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\n\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432\u00bb \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\n\u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432. 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\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443. \u041e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\n\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445\n\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0454\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a [19] .\n\n\n\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0449\u043e, \u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\n\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f (28% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\n\n\n17 [\u041e\u0415\u0421\u0420: \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/bb17dc64-en.pdf?expires=1695725356&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3B373B5834EC621C60A02F6CEB58EE85)\n18 [\u041d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456: \u0440\u0456\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/hidden-hardship-one-year-living-forced-displacement-refugees-ukraine)\n[\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/hidden-hardship-one-year-living-forced-displacement-refugees-ukraine)\n19 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e_, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 17.\n\n\n15 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 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[20]\n\n#### **\u0420\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0435\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438**\n\n\n\u0412\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456\n\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 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[\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443\u00bb: \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/en/reports/) [\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456,](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/en/reports/)\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u0440.\n23 [\u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n\n\u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0435\n\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438, 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\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\n18 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 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\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436\n\u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0454.\n\n\n19 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 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\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432.\n\n\n20 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e 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\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 [25] \u0456, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 3P (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f)\n\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c,\n\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e 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\u0430\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n\n - \u0421\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432\n\u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0442\u0456\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u0439\n\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n\n25 [\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410: \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 2023 \u0440\u0456\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Trafficking-in-Persons-Report-2023_Introduction-V3e.pdf)\n26 [\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438: \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 GRETA \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://rm.coe.int/greta-evaluation-report-on-poland-3rd-evaluation-round-greta-2023-08-a/1680ab7039)\n\n\n21 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410**\n**\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423,**\n**\u0416\u041e\u0412\u0422\u0415\u041d\u042c 2023 \u0420\u041e\u041a\u0423**\n\n#### **\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441** **\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456**\n\n\n**\u041b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0406\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0491\u0435\u0441**\n\u0421\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d\n**[isla@unhcr.org](mailto:isla@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n**\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430**\n\u0421\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0456\u043c. \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u041d\u0454\u0446\n**[przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org](mailto:przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org)**\n\n\n22 | \u0421 \u0442 \u043e \u0440 \u0456 \u043d \u043a \u0430\n\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0429\u0410 | \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417 \u0421\u041f\u0406\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0423\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c4b2a73-599c-4d47-80fb-4d2213f5ac6b/Poland%20October%202023%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20Report_UA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_534/raw/doc_534_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_534/raw/doc_534_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b2009e0d70c1e4f58ab3d618352187c8c0c75b9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_534/raw/doc_534_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,256 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### Protection Sector & Information\n### Poland \u2013\n##### Management WG\n\n# **Protection Analysis**\n#### **May 2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- From 24 February to 2 May 2022, 3.097 million refugees have fled the armed conflict in\nUkraine and have arrived in Poland. 96% of refugees are women and children. Poland has\nopened its borders and demonstrated unprecedented generosity, hospitality and solidarity\ntowards those fleeing the conflict in Ukraine.\n\n- On 4 March 2022, for the first time in its history, the [EU activated the Temporary](http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/382/oj)\n[Protection Directive, establishing a regional legal framework to offer quick and effective](http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/382/oj)\nassistance to people fleeing the conflict in Ukraine throughout the European Union.\n\n- On 12 March 2022, the\nGovernment of Poland (GOP)\n[adopted the Act on Assistance](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20220000583)\n\nbroad protections to Ukrainian\nnationals and their spouses (to\n\nnationals) who fled the conflict\n\nincluding extended legal stay,\naccess to employment,\nhealthcare, education and,\nthrough PESEL (national social\nsecurity system) registration, financial assistance.\n\n- In contrast, third country nationals and stateless persons have access to legal stay through\nthe Temporary Protection Directive (if they held legal stay in Ukraine and are unable to\nreturn safely to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence), through\ninternational protection procedures, or through other visa regimes (i.e. work visa).\n\n- Poland inclusive policies facilitated the access of many refugees to accrued protections in\na timely manner. For instance, integration into schools has been granted from the date of\nissuance of the Act of Assistance with more than 195,900 Ukrainian children enrolled as of\n2 May. Others continued their studies through an online-based remote curriculum.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\n**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n**Where are refugees staying?**\n\n\n- Urban areas: after crossing the border, many\nrefugees moved to the main urban centres\nwhere access to employment and services is\nperceived as easier. The PESEL registration\ndata [i] indicates that top 5 voivodships of\ndestination are: Mazowieckie (which includes\nWarsaw), \u015al\u0105skie (which includes Katowice),\nMa\u0142opolskie (which includes Krak\u00f3w),\nDolno\u015bl\u0105skie (which includes Wroc\u0142aw) and\nWielkopolskie (which includes Pozna\u0144).\n\n- While early arrivals largely found shelter with\nrelatives and friends, interviews at the border\nhighlight that most refugees do not arrive\nwith a clear destination, suggesting a higher\ndegree of vulnerability for those without family\nor community-support networks in Poland. According to REACH, 27% of refugees were\nstaying with family or friends, 27% found a host through social media/volunteer, 16%\nrented an accommodation,\n9% did not know yet where\nto stay and 8% were hosted\nin accommodation centres\nprovided by the authorities. [ii]\n\n\n**Movement and intentions**\n\n\n- Refugees fleeing the conflict in Ukraine envisaged various destinations. According to\nREACH, 48% of interviewed refugees intended to stay in Poland. Others shared intentions\nto go to Germany (17 %), Spain (5 %), Denmark (3 %), Italy (3 %), France (3 %), Czechia (2%),\nothers (2%), or did not know (2%).\n\n- The choice of destination country was driven by family/friends in the location of arrival\n(39%), destination being close to Ukraine (31%), advice received at reception centers (17%),\nand to meet displaced family or friends (8%).\n\n- For refugees who intend to stay in Poland, 53% plan to stay as long as the conflict in\nUkraine continues and 31% did not know how long they would stay, followed by 6%\nreporting that they will stay in Poland longer than for a month and 6% reporting that they\nwill stay between a week and a month.\n\n\n**Cross-border movements**\n\n\n- While the conflict in Ukraine continues to drive the largest displacement crisis in Europe\nsince 1945, some refugees take the decision to cross the Polish border back to Ukraine\nbecause of their individual circumstances. From 24 February to 6 May 2022, 924,000\nUkrainian nationals returned to Ukraine despite the highly volatile and unpredictable\nsituation. Interviews with refugees highlighted that many such returns were for short\nperiods, for instance to go and see their properties, visit relatives who were left behind, or\nto bridge a period of extreme hardship when they did not have sufficient resources to\nsustain their stay and meet their basic needs in Poland. In addition, some men of\nconscription age returned because of the expected adoption by the Government of Ukraine\nof sanctions against men who left the country despite the ban preventing them to do so.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PESEL registration\ndata", - "confidence": 0.997692346572876, - "start": 70, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.630419135093689, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9643612504005432, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cross-border movements", - "confidence": 0.5342491269111633, - "start": 433, - "end": 435 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5982537865638733, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.722710132598877, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\nGiven the significant risks for civilians across Ukraine, cross-border movements should not\nbe interpreted as an indication that the conditions are conducive for refugees\u2019 sustainable\nreturns in safety and dignity.\n\n\n**PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n\n**Family separation:** Most women and children were **Key protection risks** :\nseparated from their husbands and fathers who - Family separation and child neglect\nremained behind because of the ban preventing - Discrimination and barriers for\nUkrainian men of conscription age (18-60 years marginalized groups to access\n\nservices\n\nold) to leave Ukraine, alongside other conflict\n - Mental health and Psychosocial\n\nrelated drivers of separation. Among refugees\n\nSupport\n\nenrolled for cash assistance, UNHCR identified 1%\n\n - Gender-based Violence\n\nas unaccompanied and separated children. During - Limited access to assistance and\nthe first weeks of the crisis, private initiatives such services\nas uncoordinated humanitarian evacuation of - Human trafficking\n\n \nchildren from state care facilities, many of whom\nstill have family members, have contributed to\nfamily separation and additional child protection risks, including high levels of\ninstitutionalization.\n\n\n**Gender-based violence**\n\n\nHigh risk of gender-based violence (GBV) were reported in the country of origin, during flight,\nin the country of asylum, and during onward movement to other countries. Risk factors include\nthe armed conflict in country of origin, profile of (IDPs and) refugees, who are predominantly\nwomen and children, as well as older women and women and children with disabilities. The\nintersectionality of the above risk factors with marginalized groups such as Roma people and\npersons with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity were observed. Anecdotal\ninformation highlighted reports of survivors of conflict-related sexual violence including forced\nwitnessing amongst children in Poland. Given the sheer scale of the displacement within a short\nperiod of time, regular systems for oversight, vetting and coordination are disrupted, lacking or\naltogether absent in some situations. Nevertheless, despite the elevated risks, protection\nactors have identified only a few cases of GBV to date. GBV incidents are usually\nunderreported but known to happen in all contexts.\n\n\n**Discrimination and practical barriers to access services:** Some groups of refugees such as\nthird-country nationals, stateless persons, and minorities (e.g. Roma people) face additional\nbarriers accessing national services due to a less protective legal framework and discriminatory\npractices. Third-country nationals and stateless persons do not enjoy the same rights as\nUkrainian nationals; with the exception of spouses of Ukrainian citizens, they are excluded\nfrom the 12 March [Act on Assistance to Ukrainian Citizens in the Context of the Armed Conflict](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20220000583)\n[in Ukraine.](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20220000583)\n\n\nSome refugees face challenges accessing national protection services and assistance due to\ntheir individual or circumstantial risk factors. Services are also very localized and vary from one\nlocation to another. Furthermore, eligibility conditions also contribute to\n# restricting access to assistance such as proof of entry into Poland from 100%\n\n24 February. Although 100% of refugees interviewed by REACH Refugees\nreported having a passport, border guards did not systematically stamp interviewed report\n\nhaving a passport\n\nthe passports of those who fled after 24 February.\n\n\n\n**Key protection risks** :\n\n\n\n\n- Family separation and child neglect\n\n- Discrimination and barriers for\nmarginalized groups to access\nservices\n\n- Mental health and Psychosocial\nSupport\n\n- Gender-based Violence\n\n- Limited access to assistance and\nservices\n\n- Human trafficking\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Anecdotal\ninformation", - "confidence": 0.8954648375511169, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.9303956627845764, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\n**Mental health and psychosocial support needs:** High levels of psychological distress associated\nwith the conflict and family separation are reported by the community. UNHCR reported that\n14% of queries at the blue dots in Warsaw and Krakow from 23 March to 6 May were related\nto psychosocial concerns. Caregivers were often seeking advice related to children changing\nbehaviours like frequent aggression and withdrawal. Emotional reactions for adults included\nanxiety attacks and sleeping disturbances. In general, refugees were affected by family separation, loss, fear and worry about the future. Older persons expressed a fear to die outside of\ntheir home country. According to IMC MHPSS assessment [1], stress factors included inability to\nmeet basic needs, lack of clear information, and lack of access to long-term accommodation.\nIdentified coping responses included the human interactions and new friendships, empathy and\nmutual support, religious practices, keeping active, and limiting the amount of time searching\nfor information and watching the news. Also, 9% of health issues identified by the medical team\n(INTERSOS) in Korczowa were related to mental health concerns. Of these, 58% concerned\nfemale patients aged 18-64 years old. Access to treatment for adults and children with preexisting severe mental health conditions and psychosocial disabilities remains of concern due\nto the not clearly established referral pathways, language barriers, and access requirements for\nclinical reassessment.\n\n**Human trafficking:** The risks of human trafficking increase in times of conflict and\ndisplacement. In Poland, family separation has resulted in high numbers of single mothers as\nwell as children being separated and unaccompanied from parents and other relatives, leaving\nthem at heightened risk. Poverty and the inability to rely on community-support networks were\nadditional risk factors. According to PESEL data, the majority of refugees are women and\nchildren, with adult women making up 48% of those enrolled, and children making up 47%\n(24% female and 23% male). In border and other transit areas, risks of human trafficking were\nclosely associated with promises of free transport, accommodation, employment or other\nforms of assistance. Owing to the hidden nature of human trafficking, data is difficult to\nascertain, and it is impossible to gauge how many Ukrainian refugees might have been preyed\nupon by human traffickers.\n\n\n**GROUPS AT HEIGHTENED RISK**\n\n\n\n**Groups at heightened risk** :\n\n\n\n\n- Unaccompanied and separated\nchildren\n\n- Older persons without support\n\n- Persons with serious medical\nconditions\n\n- Persons with disabilities\n\n- Third country nationals\n\n- Stateless persons\n\n- Minority groups\n\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR cash enrolment data, as of 5\nMay, almost 22% of enrolled persons have specific\nneeds. Fourteen per cent are single parents without\nfamily support. Four per cent are women at risk.\nTwo per cent are persons with disabilities. Around\n46% of children with specific needs are separated\nor unaccompanied.\n\n\n\n**Children at risk, including unaccompanied or**\n\n - Minority groups\n\n**separated children:** A significant crisis of child\nprotection and care has resulted from displacement-related family separation coupled with\nexisting high levels of institutionalization of children at risk in Ukraine and uncoordinated\nevacuation of UASCs from Ukraine at the onset of the crisis. High levels of distress of children\nand caregivers have added additional risk factors that expose children to neglect, abuse and\npotential separation. Though children have access to the Polish educational system, a\nsignificant number of children from Ukraine have remained in an online, remote system as the\n\n\n\n1 [https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92210](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdata2.unhcr.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fdetails%2F92210&data=05%7C01%7Ckernin%40unhcr.org%7C0f8b504808b744554e6108da2f6ca752%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637874440945190941%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=EG8ScWS36mhNh2V9gRsGpac%2BhCRmfSH%2FKfLXYeZnrdw%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\nPolish education system is gradually adapting and parents prefer for children to finish the\nschool term using the Ukrainian curriculum.\n\n\n**Older persons without support** : Older persons without support are particularly at risk of abuse\nand neglect. A number of older persons at risk have shared their limited access to information\nand feeling of disorientation that makes them particularly vulnerable to risks, including abuse,\nneglect or exploitation. Unaccompanied older persons have faced challenges to find adequate\naccommodation and protect their belongings in transit. Some have chronic health problems\nand specific nutritional needs. Older persons also shared feelings of hopelessness after having\nleft behind in Ukraine all their belongings and the home they lived in for decades. Their lack of\nmobility, diminished vision and chronic illnesses can make access to support difficult. Older\npersons may also face challenges accessing information online or using digital self-referral tools\nfor assistance. In Poland, many older persons are caring for children whose parents remained\nin Ukraine. According to PESEL registration, older persons make up only 7.4% of the population\nregistered, with older women being 5.8%. This may be an underestimate in light of the\nproportion of older persons in Ukraine before the crisis. According to HelpAge [2], older people\nin Ukraine are a significant demographic, with 1 in 4 people over 60.\n\n\n**Persons with serious medical conditions, including chronic diseases** : UNHCR reported that\n62% of queries received at Blue Dot centres from 23 March to 6 May related to access to\nhealth services in Poland. Refugees inquired about access to medical support to address\nchronic and other serious medical conditions is the most reported concern at Blue Dot centres.\nFor instance, some refugees with chronic diseases have used all their prescribed medications\nobtained in Ukraine and are finding it difficult to navigate the Polish health system to receive\ntreatments or medicines. Furthermore, INTERSOS reported that over 20% of the people who\nvisited the Korczowa medical point suffered chronic diseases. Of these, 47% reported having\nhypertension, 12% have diabetes, 6% have asthma, 3% have hypothyroidism, 2% have\nepilepsy, 4% have two or three chronic diseases and 26% have other chronic diseases.\n\n\n**Persons with disabilities** : UNHCR reported that almost 15% of individuals supported through\nthe Blue Dot centres were persons with disabilities. Beyond health and medical needs,\nadditional information needs relate to accessing support to access disability certification\nprocesses and pensions. The State Fund for Rehabilitation of Disabled People (PFRON) has\n[opened a program on \u201cAssistance to citizens of Ukraine with disabilities\u201d for the replacement](https://www.pfron.org.pl/o-funduszu/programy-i-zadania-pfron/programy-i-zadania-real/pomoc-obywatelom-ukrainy-z-niepelnosprawnoscia/komunikaty/pomoc-dla-obywateli-ukrainy-z-niepelnosprawnoscia-na-zaopatrzenie-w-wyroby-medyczne/)\nor purchase of damaged or loss medical and assistive devices, and developed procedures to\n[access a disability pension in Poland, which are progressively being rolled out.](https://www.gov.pl/web/ua/Vazhlyva-informatsiya-dlya-bizhentsiv-z-Ukrayiny-yaki-perestaly-trymavaty-pensiyu-i-pensiyu-po-invalidnosti-i-vyyikhaly-z-terytoriyi-Ukrayiny)\n\n\n**Third-country nationals:** Third-country nationals - except for the spouses of Ukrainian citizens\n\n- do not enjoy the same rights in Poland and face additional barriers accessing national services\ndespite the pathways created under the Act of 13 June 2003 Law on Protection. During the\nfirst days of the crisis, some third-country nationals faced challenges accessing the territory of\nPoland.\n\n\n**Stateless persons** : Poland is not party to the 1954 and 1961 Statelessness Conventions, which\ncauses challenges both in law and in practice. Discrepancies in the definitions of a \u201cstateless\nperson\u201d applied by various government entities may in some cases hinder the identification of\nstateless persons. Since there is no dedicated statelessness determination procedure in Poland,\nthe assessment of nationality or statelessness arises principally in relation to immigration\nprocedures. The lack of legal status constitutes an obstacle for stateless persons to obtain a\n\n\n2 [https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Needs%20of%20Older%20Refugees%20in%20Poland-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Needs%20of%20Older%20Refugees%20in%20Poland-%2002-04-22%20-%203-Pager%20.pdf)\n[%2002-04-22%20-%203-Pager%20.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Needs%20of%20Older%20Refugees%20in%20Poland-%2002-04-22%20-%203-Pager%20.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PESEL registration", - "confidence": 0.9965047836303711, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.5834250450134277, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Older\npersons", - "confidence": 0.6126787066459656, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HelpAge", - "confidence": 0.9224838614463806, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6527488231658936, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\nresidence permit, access social assistance, employment opportunities, and may lead to\ndetention.\n\n\n**Minority groups** : Anecdotal reports suggest that some minority groups have faced challenges\nin accessing services in Poland. Members of the Ukrainian Roma community have reported\ndiscriminatory attitudes in accessing schools or food assistance. Lesbian, gay, bisexual,\ntransgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ+) persons also risk experiencing harm resulting from\nstigmatization, discrimination, sexual and gender-based violence and reduced access to\nservices.\n\n\n**RESPONSE CAPACITIES**\n\n\n**Local actors and diaspora organizations** : Poland\u2019s initial response was spearheaded by\nmunicipalities with the support of volunteers and local NGOs, which provided immediate relief\nand access to basic services such as emergency shelters, food assistance and core relief items.\nUkrainian community-based organizations and volunteers also played an important role to\naddress immediate needs. Furthermore, Ukrainian diaspora-based organizations traditionally\nfocus on cultural and education projects and may be a resource after the emergency phase\nwith regard to education and integration issues.\n\n\nThis quick response supported the immediate needs of the new arrivals, in particular food and\nhousing. However, concerns were raised by first-responders about the sustainability of this\nresponse given the large-scale crisis.\n\n\n**Private sector** : Complementing national and humanitarian services, private sector initiatives\nhave provided free data and telephone roaming, accommodation and transportation in\nPoland to those fleeing from Ukraine.\n\n\n\n**Access to employment** : On 5 April, the Minister of family and social\npolicy announced that 30,000 Ukrainian nationals, including 75% of\nwomen, had accessed employment in Poland since 24 February. An\nincome will contribute to supporting refugees in meeting their basic\nneeds in Poland, contributing to the local economy and saving the\nresources necessary to rebuild their life in Ukraine when it is safe to\nreturn.\n\n\n**ADVOCACY MESSAGES**\n\n\nAccess to territory and international protection\n\n\n# **30,000**\n\nUkrainian nationals\nhave accessed\nemployment\n\n\n\n\n- Maintain generous refugee policy, including on access to the territory and services.\n\n- Ensure access to territory and safety for people fleeing persecution and conflict,\nirrespective of their status, nationality, profile, or the way in which they crossed the border.\n\n- Ensure effective access to international protection procedures for all persons, irrespective\nof nationality.\n\n\nProtection of persons with specific needs\n\n\n- Ensure equal rights and access to national services for all refugees fleeing from Ukraine,\nirrespective of nationality, age, sexual orientation and gender identity or disability.\n\n- Strengthen the identification of stateless persons and implement safeguards to prevent\narbitrary detention of stateless persons.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Anecdotal reports", - "confidence": 0.9287337064743042, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.9488706588745117, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian Roma community", - "confidence": 0.8112292885780334, - "start": 68, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\n\n- Ensure services address the specific needs of all persons at heightened risk, including for\nunaccompanied or separated children as well as survivors of gender-based violence in line\nwith global standards.\n\n\nPrevention of human trafficking\n\n\n- Establish mechanisms to screen, register and monitor practices of volunteers, volunteer\norganisations, and private company providing free services to refugees, including\naccommodation and onward transportation.\n\n\nChild protection\n\n\n- Ensure the early identification of unaccompanied and separated children and prevent\nsecondary or prolonged family separation.\n\n- Provide appropriate temporary care arrangements for unaccompanied and evacuated\ngroups of children without suitable adult care, ensuring safe placement in temporary\naccommodation sites and reception areas, strengthening family-based alternative care and\nreducing large-scale institutionalization.\n\n- Prevent and avoid adoption of refugee children in an emergency situation and increase\naccess to family tracing and reunification services.\n\n- Enhance identification and support to children at risk of violence, neglect and exploitation\nin accessing national child protection systems.\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation\n\n\n- Returns to the country of origin should be voluntary and based on a free and informed\ndecision.\n\n\n**For volunteer organizations and private actors**\n\n\n- Carry visible identification, clearly indicating registration with the authorities.\n\n- Establish basic vetting procedures in place, as well as complaints mechanisms in case any\nconcerns are raised by refugees.\n\n- Uphold the highest humanitarian principles and protection standards to avoid doing harm,\nincluding through active capacity development of staff and volunteers.\n\n- Engage with inter-agency coordination mechanisms established at the local and national\nlevels.\n\n\n**For humanitarian actors**\n\n\n- Raise awareness among refugees on known risks for refugees, and information on where\nand how to report abuse or exploitation, including potential criminal activities or incidents.\n\n- Capacitate and support municipalities and local actors acting as first-responder in the\nrefugee response.\n\n- Support inter-agency efforts to map services for refugees across Poland, including at the\nmunicipality level, to facilitate refugee referrals to specialized services.\n\n- Promote and support refugee social and community support mechanisms, social cohesion\nwithin the refugee community and with the host community, and the conditions enabling\nrefugee resilience.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Poland \u2013 Protection Sector & Information Protection Sector & Information Poland \u2013\n##### ManM a nagement WG gement WG\n\n\n\n**CONTACT**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ni https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715,zarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusuukr/resource/38389/table?page=1&per_page=20&q=&sort=\n[ii https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/refugee-arrivals-ukraine-poland-update-20042022](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/refugee-arrivals-ukraine-poland-update-20042022)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71465ec6-f8fb-3bd9-b67b-0102637a4cef/Poland%20Protection%20Analysis_May%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_535/raw/doc_535_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_535/raw/doc_535_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73d68ba620cd0708fbfb15b0f2e04b3f846c7de6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_535/raw/doc_535_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,925 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **From Stateless to Citizens: the journey** **of the Shona community in Kenya**\n\nPreliminary results from a socioeconomic study on the impact of citizenship on socioeconomic and living conditions.\n\n\n\" _Getting a national ID has really helped me. I can now move freely without fear of getting arrested. I have access to better job_\n\n_opportunities too because of the access the ID has been able to give me. My kids can now pursue their education comfortably because_\n\n_I know I can support them with access to more work opportunities._ \" - Azariah Samuel, 27-year-old father of two during a follow-up\n\nsocioeconomic study on the Shona community in Kenya. \u00a9 UNHCR/Charity Nzomo.\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any\n\nState under the operation of its law.\n\n - 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (Article 1).\n\n\n**Globally, an estimated 4.4 million people lack a nationality, leaving them stateless, according to statistics published**\n\n**by UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR)** . [[1]] In the East, Horn, and Great Lakes of Africa (EHAGL) region, this includes\n\n97,591 stateless persons or persons of undetermined nationality, of whom 9,800 live in Kenya. Given the lack of\n\nuniversal reporting and other gaps in statelessness data, these figures are likely to be an underestimate. Stateless\n\npeople often live on the margins of society and remain invisible in national statistics and other government\n\npopulation databases due to the complexities of accurate registration and data collection.\n\n\n**Lack of identifying documents confirming nationality frequently precludes stateless persons from working in the**\n\n**formal economy, owning property, accessing basic services such as health and education, moving freely or**\n\n**accessing financial services, leaving them at an elevated risk of poverty.** [[2]] Children may face restrictions on\n\nattending school, while exclusion from public health services imposes costs on families and creates risks for\n\nsurrounding communities. [ [3], [4]] Acquiring citizenship, brings the promise of improved employment and earnings, [[5]]\n\nespecially among women and the poorest, [[6]] while also offering broader social and economic benefits, as increases\n\nin talent, skills and taxation accompany legalization.\n\n\n**Since 2014, more than 500,000 stateless people have acquired a nationality globally.** Statelessness for many\n\nothers has been prevented as a result of efforts to improve birth registration and issuance of nationality documents\n\nto populations at risk of statelessness and legislative changes, including those that eliminate discrimination on the\n\nbasis of gender, allowing women to pass on nationality to their children on an equal basis as men, However,\n\nacceleration of efforts is needed to ensure that everyone can enjoy the fundamental right to a nationality, which\n\noften enables the enjoyment of other rights and full participation in the society.\n\n\n**Kenya has emerged as a global leader in the eradication of statelessness, setting an example for other nations**\n\n**through its continued efforts to reduce the number of stateless persons within its borders.** The country has made\n\nsignificant strides, beginning with the recognition of 1,496 members of the Makonde community as nationals of\n\nKenya in 2016, followed by the provision of nationality to 1,659 Shona in 2020-21, and most recently, the\n\nrecognition as nationals of approximately 7,000 Pemba in 2023. These milestones underscore Kenya\u2019s commitment\n\nto addressing statelessness, a commitment reaffirmed at the Global Refugee Forum (GRF) in December 2023\n\nthrough four strategic pledges aimed at the progressive eradication of statelessness. Despite these achievements,\n\nan estimated 9,800 individuals in Kenya remain stateless today, highlighting the need for sustained efforts to fully\n\nresolve this issue. Gaps in law continue to be a contributing cause of statelessness, due to Section 15(1) of the\n\nCitizenship and Immigration Act, which limits the scope of the definition of a stateless person to those who were\n\nin Kenya when it gained independence on 12 December 1963, excluding many individuals who arrived later, as well\n\nas their descendants. In addition, neither the Constitution nor the Citizenship and Immigration Act contain a legal\n\nsafeguard to ensure that a child born on the territory who would otherwise be statelessness is granted Kenyan\n\nnationality.\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The Shona originally came from Zimbabwe and migrated to Kenya as missionaries majorly between the 1950s and**\n\n**1970s, settling in the Greater Nairobi area.** According to community elders, the Shona were issued certificates of\n\nregistration under the Alien Restriction Act upon arrival. However, a change in the Registration of Persons Act of\n\n1978 prevented them from accessing identity cards. As a result, most of those who were among the first wave of\n\narrivals do not hold valid legal identity documents. At the same time, Zimbabwe and Zambia do not consider them\n\nas nationals since many of those who were born there did not have their births registered and lost all traces of their\n\nancestry since they never returned, hence rendering them stateless. [[8]] Subsequently, they settled and assimilated\n\nwith the local Kikuyu community which welcomed them. Since their arrival, they have practiced wood carving for\n\nmen and basket weaving for women as their primary economic activity outside of preaching activities. Ten\n\nindividuals from the Shona community were granted Kenyan citizenship on 12 December 2020 and a further 1,649\n\nwere recognized as Kenyan citizens and issued with registration certificates on 29 July 2021.\n\n\n- **Box 1: Data Sources**\n\n\nThe primary data for this report come from a comprehensive 2024 socioeconomic survey conducted by UNHCR\n\nwhich recontacted households which were initially surveyed in 2019, prior to the Shona acquiring nationality. The\n\nfollow-up survey aimed to capture the transformative impact of citizenship on the Shona community in terms of\n\nemployment, education, income, and access to essential services, while also incorporating new modules on social\n\ncohesion, community engagement, and civic participation to better understand the broader integration of the Shona\n\ninto Kenyan society. The 2024 survey provides rich insights into the Shona\u2019s post-citizenship journey and the\n\nchallenges and opportunities they face as newly recognized citizens of Kenya.\n\n\nThe findings are complemented by the 2019 household survey of the Shona community, conducted jointly by\n\nUNHCR and the World Bank [[8]] establishing a baseline of the Shona community\u2019s socioeconomic conditions while\n\nthey were still stateless. This study revealed significant disparities in access to services and opportunities compared\n\nto Kenyan nationals, highlighting the detrimental effects of statelessness on employment, financial inclusion, and\n\neducational attainment. These findings informed policy recommendations that ultimately contributed to the\n\nrecognition of the Shona as Kenyan citizens in 2020-21, providing a crucial foundation for evaluating their post\ncitizenship outcomes.\n\n\nAdditionally, insights were drawn from the Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys (RRPS), [[9]] conducted\n\nbetween 2020 and 2022, which included the Shona as a distinct stratum. The RRPS monitored the impact of the\n\npandemic on vulnerable groups, capturing critical data on employment disruptions, income losses, and food\n\ninsecurity during the crisis.\n\n\n**The Shona community in Kenya has faced significant socioeconomic challenges, exacerbated by their stateless**\n\n**status and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.** Before acquiring citizenship, Shona households faced a 24\n\npercent higher likelihood of living in poverty compared to the urban Kenyan population and were more likely to\n\nreside in larger, overcrowded households. Although primary school enrollment rates were similar to those of their\n\nKenyan counterparts, many Shona children struggled to transition to secondary education. Limited access to formal\n\nemployment, driven by a lack of legal documentation, has forced many Shona individuals into self-employment or\n\ninformal work. Even with high employment rates within the community, this does not translate into reduced\n\npoverty, as most of the employment is low-income and lacks stability. [[8] ]\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.9100983142852783, - "start": 242, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8397783637046814, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9797363877296448, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9404733777046204, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9955222606658936, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9708865284919739, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9597845077514648, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 survey", - "confidence": 0.9659440517425537, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9927460551261902, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9952490329742432, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5862055420875549, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.942155659198761, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona", - "confidence": 0.7658407092094421, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 household survey of the Shona community", - "confidence": 0.6565436124801636, - "start": 356, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9237228631973267, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6815888285636902, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9639186263084412, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona", - "confidence": 0.537651777267456, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9991422891616821, - "start": 464, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RRPS", - "confidence": 0.9999363422393799, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9845547080039978, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6022787094116211, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona", - "confidence": 0.7028022408485413, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "widespread among Shona households, and access to external support was minimal. Although employment levels\n\nbegan to recover a year later, they remained below pre-pandemic levels, underscoring the prolonged adverse\n\nimpact of the pandemic on this already vulnerable community. [[9]]\n\n\n_Figure 1: Labor force status after the COVID-19 outbreak (18-64 years)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys (RRPS)_ _[[9]]_\n\n\n**Two rounds of household surveys taking place over five years before and after the transition of the Shona in**\n\n**Kenya from statelessness to citizenship help us to understand this community \u2013 and present one of the first**\n\n**socioeconomic pictures of the impact of citizenship on the welfare of stateless persons.** Between 2019 and 2024,\n\nthe median age of Shona household members remained unchanged at 18 years, underscoring a predominantly\n\nyouth demographic profile. Gender distribution is even, showing only a marginal change, with the female population\n\nincreasing slightly from 49 percent to 50 percent. Average household size has risen modestly from 4.9 to 5.4\n\nmembers, which may reflect greater household consolidation or socio-economic stability following their\n\nnaturalization. The most notable shift is the significant reduction in the proportion of female-headed households,\n\ndropping from 33 percent to 21 percent. The literacy rate has remained constant at 93 percent, reflecting sustained\n\naccess to education. Overall, the Shona community's demographic profile suggests stability and gradual socio\neconomic integration following their acquisition of citizenship.\n\n\n_Table 1: Demographic characteristics of Shona community in Kenya._\n\n\n_Source: 2019 Shona socioeconomic survey_ [[8]] _and the authors\u2019 calculation of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9795063734054565, - "start": 65, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Labor force status after the COVID-19 outbreak", - "confidence": 0.7518070936203003, - "start": 51, - "end": 58 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RRPS", - "confidence": 0.9651897549629211, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9245818257331848, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8566851615905762, - "start": 148, - "end": 149 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona households", - "confidence": 0.8212553262710571, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic survey_", - "confidence": 0.8404958844184875, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "authors", - "confidence": 0.828875720500946, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.661766529083252, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9412053227424622, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to services**\n\n\n**Since 2020, the Shona community has made significant strides in the enjoyment of rights and access to essential**\n\n**services and social, economic, and financial opportunities.** The acquisition of citizenship has enabled the\n\ncommunity to access critical documentation, with 86 percent of individuals now holding a national ID, citizenship,\n\nor birth certificate. This remarkable progress has facilitated their inclusion in various social and economic\n\nopportunities.\n\n\n**Access to financial services has also improved significantly.** The proportion of community members with bank\n\naccounts increased from 9 percent in 2019 to 35 percent in 2024, while mobile wallet usage saw a surge from 52\n\npercent to an impressive 97 percent. This suggests that the community has leveraged citizenship to integrate more\n\nfully into the formal financial system, enhancing their economic participation.\n\n\n**Health insurance coverage has nearly tripled over the past five years.** The percentage of Shona individuals with\n\nhealth insurance rose from 4 percent in 2019 to 11 percent in 2024, compared to 24 percent nationally _._ [[10]] Although\n\nthe current coverage rate remains low, this growth indicates an increasing awareness and ability to access\n\nhealthcare services, possibly due to better employment prospects and social benefits associated with citizenship.\n\n\n**Net primary school enrolment shows a slight decline but is attributed to changes in the education system rather**\n\n**than reduced access.** The enrolment rate decreased from 81 percent in 2019 to 75 percent in 2024. However, this\n\nis likely due to the adjustment in the age bracket for primary school in Kenya under national education reforms\n\nlaunched in in 2022, which has led to a temporary underestimation of the enrollment rate. Despite this, the Shona\n\ncommunity's access to primary education remains strong and stable.\n\n\n_Figure 2: Access to essential services, pre- and post-citizenship_\n\n\n_Source: 2019 Shona socioeconomic survey_ [[8]] _and the authors\u2019 calculation of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 survey data", - "confidence": 0.6476881504058838, - "start": 373, - "end": 376 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6128997206687927, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9271374344825745, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8744550347328186, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**pandemic, regional drought, inflation crisis and continuing global economic turbulence.** According to data from\n\nthe Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey (RRPS), the Shona community experienced significant job\n\nlosses during the pandemic, particularly between July and September 2020, when unemployment increased\n\ndramatically. [[9]] This period of economic disruption caused by the pandemic led to fluctuating employment rates, as\n\nseen in the figure below.\n\n\n_Figure 3: Labor force participation as a percentage of working age population, between 2019 and 2024_\n\n\n_Source: 2019 Shona socioeconomic survey,_ [[8]] _Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys (RRPS),_ _[[9]]_ _and the authors\u2019 calculation_\n\n_of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**While employment has started to improve, it has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels, especially for women.**\n\nThe employment rate for women decreased from 72 percent in 2019 to 61 percent in 2024, which can largely be\n\nattributed to the job losses incurred during the pandemic and slower recovery in female-dominated sectors that\n\nwere further setback by the food price crisis and global economic headwinds. Meanwhile, male employment\n\nincreased slightly from 74 percent to 76 percent during the same period, reflecting a quicker rebound in male\ndominated occupations.\n\n\n**The overall decline in total employment from 74 percent in 2019 to 70 percent in 2024 is indicative of the sum of**\n\n**these shocks.** Although men have re-entered the labor force at a faster rate, the community as a whole is still in\n\nthe process of economic recovery. The proportion of unemployed individuals has remained relatively low,\n\nsuggesting that many are still re-entering the labor market or seeking labor market opportunities. Only 13 percent\n\nof the Shona working wage-earners have some form of employment contract, demonstrating a high prevalence of\n\ninformal work arrangements.\n\n\n**The increase in the number of individuals out of the labor force, especially among women, underscores the**\n\n**difficulties of returning to the labor market and securing timely employment.** The pandemic's effects have pushed\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey", - "confidence": 0.9939016103744507, - "start": 22, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.918042004108429, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RRPS", - "confidence": 0.9956961870193481, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9206302762031555, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6601556539535522, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5692244172096252, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working age population", - "confidence": 0.5516428351402283, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 Shona socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.5829784870147705, - "start": 102, - "end": 106 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7869426608085632, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5745989680290222, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6840500235557556, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working age population", - "confidence": 0.5902540683746338, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 4: Labor force participation by gender as a percentage of working age population across 2019 and 2024_\n\n\n_Source: 2019 Shona socioeconomic survey_ [[8]] _and the authors\u2019 calculation of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**Household income**\n\n\n**Income from business is the primary source of livelihood for the Shona community, followed by wages and other**\n\n**minor sources.** 73 percent of household income in the Shona community comes from business activities like\n\ncarpentry, weaving baskets and hawking on the streets, indicating a strong reliance on entrepreneurship and self\nemployment. Wages from employment and daily labor activities constitute 25 percent of the income, while other\n\nsources like asset earnings or assistance contribute a mere total of 2 percent, showing limited diversification in\n\nincome streams. This heavy dependence on business shows that the Shona community still relies on their traditional\n\nincome sources and suggests that the community might face heightened vulnerability to market fluctuations and\n\neconomic shocks affecting their businesses.\n\n\n**A majority of households report that their income has remained stable since gaining citizenship, but a notable**\n\n**proportion has experienced an increase.** Half of the households indicated their income stayed the same, while 38\n\npercent reported an increase, and 12 percent experienced a decrease since December 2020. This distribution\n\nsuggests that while citizenship has had a stabilizing effect for many households, it has not yet resulted in broad\nbased economic gains. However, the increase in income for nearly 4 out of every 10 households is a positive sign\n\nof economic progress and potential for further growth as the community continues to integrate more fully into the\n\nKenyan economy.\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 survey data", - "confidence": 0.8513302206993103, - "start": 36, - "end": 39 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5238046646118164, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "authors", - "confidence": 0.623805046081543, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shona community", - "confidence": 0.828598141670227, - "start": 60, - "end": 62 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9109282493591309, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9674451947212219, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7186947464942932, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Source: Authors\u2019 calculation of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**Livelihood opportunities for the Shona community have improved significantly since gaining citizenship,**\n\n**particularly in terms of financial access and job prospects \u2013 as well as protection outcomes, such as reduction in**\n\n**harassment by law enforcement.** According to the survey data, over half of the Shona community reported that\n\ncitizenship has enhanced their access to banking and mobile wallet services, making it easier for them to save,\n\ninvest, and manage their finances. Increased job opportunities were cited by 47 percent of respondents, reflecting\n\nhow the ability to present formal identification has opened new avenues for employment and economic\n\nparticipation. Importantly, 46 percent of the Shona noted a reduction in harassment by law enforcement, which\n\nhad previously hindered their movement and limited their economic activities. This improvement has enabled more\n\nindividuals to seek employment and conduct business without fear of arbitrary detentions or fines.\n\n\n_Figure 6: Impacts on receiving citizenship on livelihood opportunities_\n\n\n_Source: Authors\u2019 calculation of 2024 survey data._\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 survey data", - "confidence": 0.8984923958778381, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5078557133674622, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.9221839904785156, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shona community", - "confidence": 0.5254071950912476, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.996383547782898, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona community", - "confidence": 0.946757435798645, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 survey data", - "confidence": 0.9125466346740723, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.8378279209136963, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Authors", - "confidence": 0.947300136089325, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8383638858795166, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9851486682891846, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to credit, which is critical for expanding small businesses or starting new ventures. These changes underscore the\n\ntransformative role of citizenship in enabling the Shona community to overcome previous barriers to economic\n\nparticipation and build sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n**Moreover, citizenship has also led to increased access to training and educational opportunities, while reducing**\n\n**discrimination in the workplace.** Over a third of the Shona noted that they have had more opportunities for training\n\nor education since becoming citizens, helping them to build skills and enhance their employability. Another 30\n\npercent reported experiencing less discrimination at work, which has contributed to more positive employment\n\noutcomes and a more inclusive work environment. Overall, these improvements indicate that legal recognition has\n\nbeen pivotal in unlocking the economic potential of the Shona community, setting the stage for greater\n\nsocioeconomic mobility and long-term development.\n\n\n- **Box 2: Findings from focus group discussions**\n\n\nMany of the survey results are consistent with findings from qualitative focus group discussions, including\n\nchallenges associated with securing economic opportunities. The Shona community faces challenges predominantly\n\nstemming from low education levels and the absence of formal qualifications to which the lack of nationality and\n\ndocumentation has been a major contributor. The acquisition of citizenship has provided some new avenues,\n\nespecially for the youth, such as working in the hospitality industry and the ability to obtain driving licenses, which\n\nhas opened job opportunities in the transportation sector. However, most of the community still relies on traditional\n\ntrades such as carpentry and basket weaving. The competitive nature of these trades, coupled with a lack of\n\ndiversification in skills and economic opportunities, is prompting members to explore new economic avenues. This\n\nsituation highlights the need for economic development initiatives that are tailored to the community's unique\n\nneeds and skills, offering sustainable and diversified economic opportunities.\n\n\nThe youth within the Shona community demonstrate a keen interest in enhancing their skills and seeking\n\nopportunities beyond conventional trades. The improvement in access to education is a positive development, yet\n\nthe challenge of transitioning into the formal labor market remains significant. Citizenship has facilitated easier\n\nmobility and enabled traditional vending activities, but it has not led to substantial changes in long-term career\n\nprospects. This underscores the need for targeted youth development programs focusing on vocational training,\n\ncareer counseling, and job placement services to help bridge the gap between education and employment.\n\n\nThe primary needs identified within the Shona community include access to affordable housing, better integration\n\ninto the labor market, financial support for business development, and political representation. External support in\n\nthese areas, such as land allocation advocacy, education and skills training programs, and inclusion in national safety\n\nprograms, is essential for providing a foundation for sustained community growth and prosperity. Partnerships with\n\ngovernment agencies, NGOs, and international organizations could be instrumental in addressing these needs,\n\nensuring that the Shona community has the necessary resources and support to thrive in a post-citizenship era.\n\n## **Nationality as a tool for development**\n\n\n**Inclusive national identification systems are recognized as key enablers for development.** Allowing people to\n\nestablish and verify their identity is often a prerequisite for access to services and economic opportunities and\n\nexercising a range of rights, such as property ownership and public participation. For governments and businesses,\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "can promote reconciliation and a sense of national unity and identity. [[11]]\n\n\n**Acquiring Kenyan citizenship has significantly improved the socioeconomic conditions of the Shona community,**\n\n**enabling them to access essential services, economic opportunities, and social benefits.** Before gaining citizenship\n\nin 2020, the Shona faced numerous barriers due to their stateless status, which excluded them from formal\n\nemployment, financial services, and government programs. Following the acquisition of nationality, the Shona now\n\nenjoy access to legal identity documents, increased livelihood opportunities, better health insurance access, and\n\nfinancial inclusion. These positive changes align with findings in the academic literature, which highlight the\n\nimportance of citizenship in reducing poverty and enhancing human capital by allowing individuals to leverage\n\ngovernment services, engage in formal employment, and contribute more productively to society.\n\n\n**Citizenship has also enhanced the Shona community\u2019s labor market potential, though employment rates are still**\n\n**recovering from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.** Legal identity has granted many Shona\n\nindividuals the ability to seek formal employment and broaden their economic activities beyond informal self\nemployment. This has enabled the community to slowly rebuild their livelihoods post-pandemic. Nevertheless,\n\nemployment levels remain below pre-pandemic rates, especially for women, reflecting challenges in labor market\n\nreintegration. The employment rate for women dropped from 72 percent in 2019 to 61 percent in 2024, suggesting\n\na slower recovery in sectors traditionally dominated by women. Overall, the Shona community\u2019s gradual\n\nemployment recovery indicates the value of citizenship in building economic resilience and highlights the need for\n\ncontinued support to ensure inclusive recovery for all members of the community.\n\n\n**The Shona experience provides valuable lessons for addressing statelessness and promoting inclusive**\n\n**development for other stateless communities globally.** Gaining citizenship has been transformative for the Shona,\n\ngranting them access to a range of socioeconomic benefits and reducing their vulnerability to poverty and exclusion.\n\nThis case underscores the importance of grant of nationality to stateless populations and its potential to unlock\n\neconomic and social opportunities that drive sustainable development. As more countries around the world seek\n\nto address statelessness through legislative changes and the expansion of citizenship rights, the Kenyan experience\n\nwith the Shona can serve as a model. By providing legal identity and addressing structural barriers, policymakers\n\ncan empower stateless communities to participate more fully in their economies and societies, leading to improved\n\nlivelihoods, social cohesion, and economic growth. These findings have broader implications for the many stateless\n\nindividuals in the East, Horn, and Great Lakes of Africa region, as well as the millions of stateless people globally,\n\ndemonstrating that resolving statelessness is not only a matter of human rights but also of inclusive economic\n\ndevelopment.\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\n\n**1. Develop holistic, long-term policy frameworks that address the socioeconomic and human rights dimensions of**\n\n**statelessness.**\n\nNational governments and international stakeholders should adopt inclusive development policies that go beyond\n\nlegal recognition to ensure the full social and economic integration of stateless and formerly stateless populations.\n\nThis entails ensuring equitable access to education, healthcare, employment, and social protection services for\n\nnewly recognized citizens. Governments should be encouraged to introduce targeted social safety nets and\n\nemployment support programs to reduce poverty and promote resilience among stateless and formerly stateless\n\ngroups. UNHCR and the World Bank, in partnership with national governments and NGOs, can provide technical\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Support economic integration and empowerment of the Shona community through targeted financial inclusion**\n\n**programs and skills development initiatives.**\n\nThe Government of Kenya, in collaboration with development partners, is encouraged to implement tailored\n\nfinancial inclusion strategies to help the newly recognized Shona citizens access credit, savings, and insurance\n\nproducts that are crucial for business growth and household resilience. Establishing entrepreneurship training\n\nprograms, mentorship networks, and providing access to capital for small and medium-sized enterprises would\n\nempower the Shona community to leverage their skills in wood carving, basket weaving, and other economic\n\nactivities. Additionally, promoting employment opportunities in the formal sector for Shona individuals through job\n\nplacement services and partnerships with the private sector will ensure that the community\u2019s transition to full\n\ncitizenship is accompanied by tangible improvements in income and welfare.\n\n\n**3. Reaffirm and expand Kenya\u2019s commitment to eradicating statelessness by adopting a comprehensive national**\n\n**strategy.**\n\nBuilding on the success of granting citizenship to the Makonde, Shona, and Pemba communities, a National Action\n\nPlan to identify and resolve remaining cases of statelessness, including the estimated 9,800 individuals who remain\n\nstateless, offers many benefits. This strategy should include amending the relevant Sections of the Kenya\n\nCitizenship and Immigration Act to remove the time-limitation for registration of stateless persons and align the\n\ndefinition of a stateless person with the definition in the 1954 Convention; acceding to the two UN statelessness\n\nconventions and ratification of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Specific\n\nAspects of the Right to a Nationality and the Eradication of Statelessness in Africa; enhancing birth registration\n\nsystems to prevent future statelessness; simplifying procedures for nationality application and documentation; and\n\nimplementing community outreach programs to raise awareness about the rights and entitlements of citizenship.\n\nThe Kenyan government is also encouraged to continue its leadership on this issue by advocating for regional and\n\ninternational cooperation to address statelessness, including sharing best practices and lessons learned from its\n\nnational experience.\n\n\n**4. Promote international collaboration and investment to support stateless populations in gaining nationality and**\n\n**legal identity and accessing essential services.**\n\nGovernments, international organizations, and development agencies should work together to ensure stateless\n\nindividuals receive the support needed to obtain nationality and legal documentation. This includes nationality law\n\nand policy changes enabling stateless people to acquire nationality, investing in robust and inclusive civil registration\n\nsystems, conducting community-based identification campaigns, and facilitating cross-border collaboration to\n\naddress statelessness among migrant populations. Providing technical and financial assistance to countries with\n\nhigh numbers of stateless individuals would further enable the implementation of comprehensive registration and\n\ncitizenship programs. The new Global Alliance to End Statelessness provides a multi-stakeholder platform to\n\nstrengthen these joint efforts.\n\n\n**5. Expand efforts to generate evidence on the impacts of statelessness and post-citizenship integration globally,**\n\n**with a focus on Kenya.**\n\nStakeholders should invest in continued, longitudinal studies to track the Shona community\u2019s socioeconomic\n\nprogress over time and take advantage of the pre- and post-citizenship data that is already available, enabling a\n\nbetter understanding of post-citizenship outcomes. Additionally, research should be expanded to include the\n\nMakonde, Pemba, Rundi and other communities alongside the national population, providing comparative insights\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "pre- and post-citizenship data", - "confidence": 0.9683476686477661, - "start": 568, - "end": 573 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9455416202545166, - "start": 540, - "end": 541 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona community", - "confidence": 0.9354378581047058, - "start": 555, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Works cited**\n\n\n[1] UNHCR, \u2018Global Report 2023 - Executive Summary\u2019, UNHCR, Geneva, Jun. 2024. Accessed: Jul. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available:\nhttps://reporting.unhcr.org/global-report-2023-executive-summary\n\n[2] UNHCR, \u2018This is our home: stateless minorities and their search for citizenship\u2019, 2017, [Online]. Available:\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR_EN2_2017IBELONG_Report_ePub.pdf\n\n[3] D. S. Weissbrodt and C. Collins, \u2018The Human Rights of Stateless Persons\u2019, _hrq_, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 245\u2013276, Feb. 2006, doi:\n10.1353/hrq.2006.0013.\n\n[4] E. Abuya, \u2018Out of the Shadows: towards ensuring the rights of stateless persons and persons at risk of statelessness in Kenya\u2019, Kenya\nNational Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and UNHCR, Nairobi, Jul. 2010. [Online]. Available:\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/media/out-shadows-towards-ensuring-rights-stateless-persons-and-persons-risk-statelessness-kenya\n\n[5] B. Blitz and M. Lynch, \u2018Statelessness and the Benefits of Citizenship: A Comparative Study.\u2019, _Statelessness and Citizenship: A Comparative_\n_Study on the Benefits of Nationality_, Jan. 2011.\n\n[6] S. W. Goodman, \u2018Citizenship Studies: Policy Causes and Consequences\u2019, _Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci._, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 135\u2013152, Jun. 2023, doi:\n10.1146/annurev-polisci-051921-102729.\n\n[7] UNHCR, \u2018High-Level Segment on Statelessness: Results and Highlights\u2019. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available:\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/high-level-segment-on-statelessness-results-and-highlights/\n\n[8] F. N. P. Nimoh, T. P. Beltramo, J. R. Fix, F. K. Appler, U. J. Pape, and L. A. Rios Rivera, \u2018Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of\nthe Stateless Shona Community in Kenya: Results from the 2019 Socioeconomic Survey\u2019, Dec. 2020. Accessed: Apr. 02, 2024. [Online].\nAvailable: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documentsreports/documentdetail/356511608745182603/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Conditions-of-the-Stateless-Shona-Community-inKenya-Results-from-the-2019-Socioeconomic-Survey\n\n[9] U. J. Pape _et al._, \u2018How COVID-19 Continues to Affect Lives of Refugees in Kenya : Rapid Response Phone Survey - Rounds 1 to 5\u2019, World\nBank Group, Washington, D.C., Policy Note 166098, Oct. 2021. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available:\nhttps://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/202201637042522937/pdf/How-COVID-19-Continues-to-Affect-Lives-of-Refugeesin-Kenya-Rapid-Response-Phone-Survey-Rounds-1-to-5.pdf\n\n[10] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and ICF, \u2018Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Key Indicators Report\u2019, KNBS and ICF,\n\nNairobi, Kenya, and Rockville, Maryland, USA, 2023. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.knbs.or.ke/wpcontent/uploads/2023/08/Kenya-Demographic-and-Health-Survey-2022-Key-Indicators-Report.pdf\n\n[11] World Bank, \u2018Project Appraisal Document for Ethiopia Digital ID Inclusion and Services Project\u2019. World Bank Group, Nov. 20, 2023.\n\nAccessed: Oct. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available:\nhttps://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112223132535848/pdf/BOSIB0efb09b920d90858a0135df22da7d1.pdf\n\n\n - This brief was produced by UNHCR, written by Masud Rahman (Economist, UNHCR Kenya), Samwel Ochieng Okute (Senior Protection\n\n\nAssociate, UNHCR Kenya), and Jedediah Rooney Fix (Senior Economist, UNHCR Regional Bureau for EHAGL).\n\n\n - The document benefited from helpful review and comments from several colleagues at UNHCR, World Bank, and the Immigration Policy Lab\n\n\n(IPL) at Stanford University, including Theresa Beltramo, John Wagacha Burton, Sonia Gomez, Anne Laako, Dania Khan, Philip Kinara, Sigrid\n\n\nWeber, and Precious Zikhali. Craig Loschmann, Florence Nana Pokuaah Nimoh, Ivy Wambui Njuguna, Kizitos Charloz Okisai, and Monika Sandvik\n\n\nprovided additional guidance and support during the preparation of this activity. REMIT Kenya conducted the household surveys for this activity\n\n\nwith support from the UNHCR Division of International Protection (DIP). The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the team\n\n\nbehind the 2019 Shona Socioeconomic Survey [[8]] and the COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys [[9]] which allowed for a comparison of current\n\n\nsurvey data with the status before obtaining citizenship and the condition of the Shona population during the COVID-19 outbreak.\n\n\n - Recommended citation: Rahman, Masud; Okute, Samwel Ochieng; Fix, Jedediah Rooney (October 2024). _From Stateless to Citizens: the journey_\n\n\n_of the Shona community in Kenya_ (English). Nairobi: UNHCR.\n\n\n**[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/)** 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 Socioeconomic Survey", - "confidence": 0.9742200970649719, - "start": 370, - "end": 373 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9242197275161743, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "F. N. P. Nimoh", - "confidence": 0.7037237286567688, - "start": 314, - "end": 321 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9837875366210938, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5474092960357666, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8352528214454651, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Stateless Shona Community", - "confidence": 0.588605523109436, - "start": 361, - "end": 364 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Response Phone Survey", - "confidence": 0.8767980933189392, - "start": 419, - "end": 423 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6469728350639343, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9521399140357971, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8370635509490967, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022", - "confidence": 0.7673290371894836, - "start": 476, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5151257514953613, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "KNBS and ICF", - "confidence": 0.5489025712013245, - "start": 488, - "end": 491 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9038382768630981, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6840071082115173, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8887073397636414, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 Shona Socioeconomic Survey", - "confidence": 0.6613696813583374, - "start": 732, - "end": 736 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8710490465164185, - "start": 735, - "end": 736 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.6317805647850037, - "start": 700, - "end": 701 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9590696096420288, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8816022872924805, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona population", - "confidence": 0.7908135652542114, - "start": 773, - "end": 775 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9497801065444946, - "start": 743, - "end": 748 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.505139946937561, - "start": 735, - "end": 736 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6224132180213928, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona population", - "confidence": 0.7710124850273132, - "start": 773, - "end": 775 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current\n\n\nsurvey data", - "confidence": 0.902614414691925, - "start": 759, - "end": 762 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.5586878061294556, - "start": 760, - "end": 762 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya_", - "confidence": 0.7922199368476868, - "start": 814, - "end": 815 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7017284631729126, - "start": 799, - "end": 800 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona population", - "confidence": 0.8044410943984985, - "start": 773, - "end": 775 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/831aca28-6777-4cb9-9b84-8976c63061fb/Policy%20Brief%20on%20Shona%20community_From%20Stateless%20to%20Citizens.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_536/raw/doc_536_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_536/raw/doc_536_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e8f03f963f2aa1df61d32c6ac9b361bdf9ceb5dd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_536/raw/doc_536_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 265**\n\n# **Postmillenial UNHCR refugee resettlement:** **New developments and old challenges**\n\n\n**Haruno Nakashiba**\n\n\nEmail: nakashib@unhcr.org\n\n\nNovember 2013\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction***\n\nResettlement under the auspices of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees (UNHCR) is a tool of protection and a durable solution for refugees. This paper\ncontributes to the study of refugee resettlement by analyzing the policy development and\nchallenges of the UNHCR resettlement after the turn of the millennium (the 2000s). While\nUNHCR has developed guidelines, tools and concepts to better manage the resettlement\nprocess, resulting in an increase of resettlement submissions, the admission criteria of\nresettlement countries have not fully adopted the protection based resettlement priorities\ndeveloped by UNHCR. This disjuncture reveals two contentious issues: the double-screening\nof refugee claims and immigration-related restrictive or discriminatory selection criteria.\nResettlement is highly dependent on the humanitarian and political will of resettlement\ncountries in the vacuum of legal obligations.\n\n\nThe resettlement of a refugee to a third country from the country in which he or she first\nsought asylum is one of the three durable solutions (voluntary repatriation, local integration,\nand resettlement) that the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR) is mandated to seek, in tandem with its core function of providing international\nprotection. Academic studies on refugee resettlement under the auspices of UNHCR are\nlargely classified into three disciplinary approaches. One is a historical approach that\nexamines the evolution of UNHCR resettlement in the macro-political landscape. Existing\nliterature covers the development of UNHCR resettlement before and until 1990s. [1] The\nsecond approach is anthropological and reveals the micro-politics most specifically related to\nthe identification of refugees for resettlement. [2] The third approach is to examine resettlement\nfrom a legal viewpoint. [3]\n\nThe current paper contributes to the study of UNHCR resettlement by analyzing the\ndevelopment and challenges of the UNHCR resettlement programme after the turn of the\nmillennium (the 2000s) to answer one particular question: in what ways has the development\nof resettlement impacted international protection and what are the areas that may require\nfurther development?\n\n**Development of the UNHCR Resettlement Programme**\n\nThe UNHCR Resettlement Handbook [4] presents the following definition of resettlement:\n\n\nResettlement involves the selection and transfer of refugees from a State in which they\nhave sought protection to a third State which has agreed to admit them \u2013 as refugees \u2013\nwith permanent residence status. The status provided ensures protection against\n_refoulement_ and provides a resettled refugee and his/her family or dependants with\n\n\n- I wish to thank Johannes Van Der Klaauw and Yukiko Iriyama for their valuable comments on this paper. I\nalso express my gratitude to William Lipsit for his helpful advice on the first draft.\n1 See Troeller 2002; Troeller 1991; Bessa 2009\n2 See for example: Sandvik 2011; Jansen 2008; Horst, 2006\n3 The legal approach is often subsumed in the analysis of policies, noting that they are imbedded in international\nand domestic landscapes. Stanvik (2010) has made one such attempt, focusing particularly on the resettlement of\nrefugees from Africa.\n4\nUNHCR 2011a. The first edition of the Resettlement Handbook was published in July 1997; the handbook\nwas then revised in 2004, and the most recent revision was made in July of 2011.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals. Resettlement also carries with it\nthe opportunity to eventually become a naturalized citizen of the resettlement country.\n\nThe UNHCR resettlement programme has undergone historical shifts regarding its\napplication and main resettlement caseloads. The earlier history of resettlement is an\nimportant prologue to understand its development after the turn of the millennium. As there\nare several good articles covering earlier resettlement, this section only summarizes major\nepisodes.\n\n_Resettlement programmes before the millennium_\n\nIn the 1950s and 1960s, during the cold war era, most of the UNHCR\u2019s resettlement activities\nfocused on resettling refugees from Eastern Europe to the West. In the 1970s, the focus began\nto shift from Europe to Latin America, Africa (Ugandan Asians) and, later in the decade, to\nSoutheast Asia (Indo-China). [5] The resettlement of Indo-Chinese refugees from first asylum\ncountries in Southeast Asia increased substantially in 1979. [6] The major thrust of UNHCR\u2019s\nresettlement operations centred on Southeast Asia during the subsequent decade. More than\n1.2 million Indo-Chinese refugees were resettled under the auspices of the UNHCR between\n1976 and 1991. [7] The Indo-Chinese refugee resettlement was conducted in a manner that it\nwas almost an automatic transfer process of refugees from first countries of asylum to\nresettlement States.\n\nThis large scale and automated resettlement of Indo-Chinese refugees was eventually\ncritically reviewed from within the UNHCR leading to \u2018considerable disenchantment\u2019 with\nthe programme due to its abandonment of promoting first country asylum and because\nresettlement created a pull factor that led many Indo-Chinese to leave their homes for\neconomic or social reasons rather than fleeing persecution. [8] On 14 June 2001, the Executive\nCommittee (ExCom) of the High Commissioner's Programme made a remark that during the\nlarge-scale resettlement programmes of the 1970s and 1980s, \u2018resettlement was considered by\nmany as having been divorced in its functioning from fundamental principles of protection\nand become a _migration programme in disguise_, which was compounding rather than\nresolving the problem.\u2019 [9]\n\nBased on the criticisms of Indo-China resettlement, in the 1990s, the UNHCR shifted its\nresettlement policy and less promoted resettlement while taking steps to review and\nconceptualize it. As a result, the position of resettlement among the three durable solutions\neroded, and resettlement became the \u2018least desirable durable solution\u2019. [ 10] Additionally, in the\n1990s, as the UNHCR faced mass influx situations in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and\nAfrica, expensive major resettlement operations were no longer operationally attuned, [11]\nalthough the UNHCR continued to provide resettlement solutions for targeted refugee\n\n\n5\nTroeller 2002\n6\nUNHCR 1981\n7 UNHCR 1991\n8 Troeller 2002\n9\nUNHCR 2001a. emphasis added.\n10\nFredriksson and Mougne 1994\n11 Troeller 2002\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "situations, such as Afghanistan, the \u2018lost boys\u2019 from the Sudan, and Bantu Somalis in\nKenya. [12]\n\nDrawing from the lessons learnt, UNHCR concluded that \u2018resettlement must not stand alone\nand has to be anchored within broader protection and durable solutions strategies\u2019 and it\nidentified the lack of basic standards as a problem with past resettlement. [13] A strong urge\nwithin the UNHCR drove the organization to re-establish resettlement apparatus to \u2018realize\nthe full potential of resettlement as a tool of international protection, as a durable solution,\nand also as an expression of international solidarity and burden or responsibility-sharing.\u2019 [14]\n\nThe general categories of refugees who qualify for resettlement because of protection and\nother specific needs were defined for the first time in 1991, [15] through which the concept of\nresettlement as a tool of protection was \u2018crystallized\u2019. [16] The 1991 paper defined situations\nwhere resettlement must be pursued. That were: the need for legal and/or physical protection;\nwomen at-risk; victims of torture/violence; physical or mentally disabled refugees; medical\ncases; long-stayers determined according to a time frame, which may be longer or shorter\ndepending on the situation prevailing in the country concerned, or on conditions of asylum\n(including detention, denial of right to work, right to education of children, etc.) when there\nare no prospects for another durable solution; and family reunification needs.\n\nIn response to the need to develop a standard and strengthening resettlement mechanisms, the\nUNHCR presented a visionary paper in 1994 after an internal review of its resettlement\npolicy. The 1994 paper illustrated directions in which the office could improve the\nmanagement of resettlement in a concrete and comprehensive manner. [17] Its aim was also to\nbring about targeted protection-related resettlement according to well-defined UNHCR\ncriteria. [18] A number of the recommendations suggested in this 1994 paper were subsequently\nimplemented. The first Resettlement Handbook, which comprehensively outlined the process,\ncriteria, goals, and objectives of the UNHCR resettlement programme was published in July\n1997. UNHCR thereafter established the Resettlement Service, an independent unit, as a part\nof the Department of International Protection at its Headquarters, opened Regional Hubs and\nRegional Offices to oversee resettlement activities in respective regions, and developed\nobjective resettlement needs criteria and various tools for harmonized assessment.\n\n\n_Resettlement in the Millennium: Defining resettlement as a protection tool_\n\nResettlement continued to evolve after the turn of the millennium under the same proposition.\nThe significant achievements in the 2000s in comparison to before were that protection\nfunction of resettlement was clearly laid out, and key concepts were developed in an effort to\n\n\n12 Loescher 2001\n13 UNHCR 2001a.\n14 _Ibid._\n15 UNHCR 1991. Situations presented in the paper where resettlement must be pursued included the need for\nlegal and/or physical protection; women at-risk; victims of torture/violence; physical or mentally disabled\nrefugees; medical cases; long-stayers determined according to a time frame, which may be longer or shorter\ndepending on the situation prevailing in the country concerned, or on conditions of asylum (including detention,\ndenial of right to work, right to education of children, etc.) when there are no prospects for another durable\nsolution; and family reunification needs.\n16 Fredriksson and Mougne 1994\n17 _Ibid._\n18 Troeller 2002\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "standardize the resettlement application and reach out to a wider category of refugees in need\nof resettlement in a fairer, more systematic, and transparent manner. The UNHCR\nresettlement programme manifested its role as a protection tool.\n\nThe resettlement categories first presented in 1991 were further elaborated and defined\nthrough the establishment of the Resettlement Handbook. In July 1997, the first edition of the\nUNHCR Resettlement Handbook was released, and the profiles and eligibility criteria of\nrefugees who would qualify for resettlement were clearly established. [19] The second edition\nwas published in November 2004. In this second edition, the UNHCR criteria for determining\nresettlement as the appropriate solution included Legal and Physical Protection Needs;\nSurvivors of Violence and Torture; Medical Needs; Women at-Risk; Family Reunification;\nChildren and Adolescents; Older Refugees; and Refugees without Local Integration\nProspects. These resettlement categories were further refined when the Resettlement\nHandbook was revised in 2011 and some of the resettlement categories were re-named:\nWomen and Girls at Risk instead of Women at Risk; Lack of Foreseeable Alternative\nDurable Solutions instead of lack of Local Integration Prospects; and the Older Refugees\ncategory is no longer a stand-alone category.\n\nResettlement needs and submission categories reflect situations in which refugees\u2019 need for\nprotection and other specific needs are not being met in their countries of asylum. The\nUNHCR has tasked resettlement to provide international protection and appropriate durable\nsolutions to refugees when refugees are at risk in their country of refuge or have particular\nneeds in the absence of the prospects for another durable solution. [20]\n\nIt was a natural course of action for the UNHCR to develop policies, procedures and tools to\neffectively identify the refugees who are eligible for resettlement following the establishment\nof clear resettlement categories. To assist field office personnel in qualitatively and\nquantitatively improving resettlement management, the UNHCR introduced various tools in\n2007, such as baseline standard operating procedures for resettlement, methods of identifying\nhigh-risk refugees, performance indicators for resettlement staff, more precise programming\ninstructions, a revised planning process to assess resettlement needs and processing\ncapacities, and anti-fraud measures. [21]\n\nIn 2008, the UNHCR developed the Heightened Risk Identification Tool (HRIT) to enhance\nthe effectiveness of identifying at-risk refugees by linking community-based participatory\nassessments with individual assessment methodologies. [22], [23] The five risk categories identified\nby the HRIT directly corresponded to the resettlement criteria. [24] The 2011 version of the\n\n\n19 Second edition was published in November 2004 and widely distributed. In this second edition, the UNHCR\ncriteria for determining resettlement as the appropriate solution were defined. They include Legal and Physical\nProtection Needs; Survivor of Violence and Torture; Medical Needs; Women at-Risk; Family Reunification;\nChildren and Adolescents; Older Refugees; and Refugees without Local Integration Prospects.\n20 UNHCR 2004c\n21 UNHCR 2007; UNHCR 2008b\n22 Second edition was released in 2010: UNHCR 2010a\n23 HRIT was designed for use by UNHCR staff involved in community services and protection activities\n(including resettlement) and by partner agencies. As such, it contains a set of questions to a person of concern to\nidentify a heightened level of risk.\n24 HRIT five risk categories are Older People, Children and Adolescents, Women and Girls at Risk, Legal and\nPhysical Protection, and Health and Disability.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Resettlement Handbook contains more guidelines and tools for managing resettlement\nidentification procedures. [25]\n\nAs the aforementioned initiatives demonstrate, the UNHCR embarked on rigorous efforts to\ndevelop a more systematic needs analysis and a more standardized and mainstreamed means\nof identifying refugees in need of resettlement. Unlike the preceding decade, when\nresettlement was applied restrictively to a smaller number of individual refugees, resettlement\nbecame a tool to address the needs of a large number of refugees. Furthermore, the UNHCR\ndeveloped mechanisms for identifying and processing refugee groups for resettlement. [26]\n\nWith the procedural standardization and instrumental developments, resettlement became a\nmore predictable and, thus, planned activity. UNHCR offices were therefore required to\nintegrate resettlement in their planning exercises and \u2018proactively plan for resettlement and\nreport on resettlement needs in a manner that is reflective of actual needs based on existing\ncriteria and policy directives, as distinct from field-level capacity and challenges to service\ndelivery.\u2019 [27] The emphasis on proactive planning for resettlement is reflective of the\norganization\u2019s belief that based on resources provided through the dissemination of policy,\nstandards and guidelines on resettlement and on training provided \u2018to broaden the knowledge\nbase of staff in the Field in terms of identification and processing methodologies and\nimproved quality assurance and compliance systems\u2019, [28] offices are equipped to project needs\nand plan for future resettlements.\n\nIn the new millennium (the 2000s), the UNHCR established methodologies and mechanisms\nto use resettlement as a mainstreamed protection tool. Resettlement also became recognized\nas a proactive durable solution tool for the UNHCR. Underlying the office\u2019s conviction was\nthe belief that \u2018the efficient and transparent identification of refugees for resettlement\nconsideration is essential to ensuring a continuum of refugee protection.\u2019 [29] As a result,\nresettlement was finally \u2018incorporated in the development of overall protection strategies as\npart of regional and country operational planning.\u2019 [30]\n\n_Growth in resettlement numbers_\n\nThe number of refugees resettled has increased in 2000s reflecting the efforts made by\nUNHCR as described below. In 2006, UNHCR made a submitted over 54,000 refugees\nforresettlement globally, and in 2007, the number of submissions increased to almost 99,000.\nIn 2007, for the first time in 20 years, the UNHCR\u2019s submission exceeded the global number\n\n\n25 Include the guidelines on protection for women, children, and refugees with disabilities. The resettlement\nidentification tools include the participatory assessment tool. The managing processes include the revised\nBaseline Standard Operating Procedures on Resettlement and the UNHCR-NGO Toolkit for Practical\nCooperation on Resettlement.\n26 Identifying groups in need of resettlement supplements individual identification and serves as an additional\ncomponent of UNHCR\u2019s resettlement and durable solution activities. In practice, group processing involves a\nsimplified large-scale processing of cases by UNHCR and resettlement States. Members of a group should\nideally, but not necessarily, have the same nationality, a shared refugee claim and a need for resettlement,\nshould share some common characteristics, etc. (UNHCR 2001a: 233-234).\n27\nUNHCR 2006\n28 _Ibid._\n29 UNHCR 2001a.\n30 _Ibid._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of approximately 70,000 places (persons) made available by resettlement countries. [31] In\n2008, the UNHCR submitted 121,214 refugees for resettlement, and 128,558 in 2009, the\nhighest number in 16 years. [32] In 2010, the UNHCR submitted a total of 108,042 refugees for\nresettlement, [33] and 91,843 in 2011. [34]\n\nThe allotment of resettlement space among the total refugee population worldwide gives a\nperspective on the history of resettlement. In 1979, 1 in 20 of the world\u2019s 5 to 6 million\nrefugees was resettled. In 1990, at the end of Indo-China operations, resettlement was offered\nto 150,000 of the 15 million refugees worldwide, [ 35] _i.e._, 1 in 100 refugees. By 1993, this ratio\nhad dropped dramatically to only 1 in 400. [36] Currently, resettlement countries offer\nresettlement space for 1 in 130 refugees of the 10.4 million refugees worldwide. [37] As these\nfigures show, the UNHCR resettled refugees in 2010 about the same level as it did in 1990,\nafter a considerable fall in between.\n\nAnother statistical component that demonstrates the development of resettlement is the\nnumber of refugees in need of resettlement. The number of refugees in need of resettlement is\ngreater than the actual number of refugees submitted for resettlement. The organization\u2019s\nability to quantify the number of refugees in-need of resettlement has improved trough\nprocedural and instrumental developments and it started to widely publicize the number since\n2010. However, the growth in the number of refugees in need of resettlement has not been\nmet by equal growth in resettlement places in the world, despite the continuing growth in the\nnumber of countries who offer resettlement - from 10 in 1991 to 25 in 2011. [38] In 2008, some\n70,000 places were made available, which addressed less than 50 per cent of the identified\nglobal needs. [39]\n\nIn 2010, resettlement countries provided fewer than 80,000 places for UNHCR resettlement\nsubmissions, while the UNHCR estimates the global resettlement needs at approximately\n800,000 persons, including populations in which resettlement is expected to occur over a\nperiod of several years. [40] During the Annual Tripartite Consultation on Resettlement in 2010,\nUNHCR and the Swedish chair reported that only 10 refugees are offered resettlement out of\nevery 100 refugees identified by UNHCR as in need of resettlement. [41] The trend continues.\nUNHCR most recently projected that 859,305 refugees are in need of resettlement\nworldwide, among whom 181,676 refugees require resettlement in 2013, [42] which is more\nthan double the 81,000 resettlement places available.\n\nThe UNHCR enhanced its pool of resettlement candidates as a result of adopting more\nstandardized identification methodologies and resettlement management tools. It enabled\ndefined profiles of refugee populations to be submitted for resettlement. Consequently, not\n\n\n31 UNHCR, 2008a\n32\nUNHR 2010b\n33\nUNHR 2011b; UNHCR 2012\n34 UNHCR 2012\n35 _Ibid._\n36 Fredriksson and Mougne 1994\n37\nUNHCR 2011c\n38 UNHCR 2011b\n39 UNHCR 2008a\n40 UNHCR, 2010b.\n41 _Ibid._\n42 UNHCR, 2012\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "only the resettlement quota offered by resettlement countries, but also the application of their\nrefugee selection criteria has become a contentious subject of discussion.\n\n\n**The Resettlement and Asylum Crossroad**\n\nThe creation of clear in-need categories of refugees for resettlement and subsequent\nprocedural and instrumental developments contributed to strengthen protection function of\nresettlement in countries of asylum. At the same time, resettlement involves a \u2018transfer of\nrefugees from a State in which they have sought protection to a third State which has agreed\nto admit them \u2013 _as refugees_ - with permanent residence status\u2019 [43] and therefore resettlement\nhas an asylum component to the countries of resettlement.\n\nAs noted in the previous section, the UNHCR resettlement activities have undergone\nqualitative and quantitative changes. The development of relevant tools and an increase in\nresettlement numbers have enabled UNHCR to reach a wider profile and a greater number of\nrefugees who would benefit from resettlement. However, the resettlement quota and selection\ncriteria offered by resettlement countries have continued to be subjected to domestic interests.\nThis section examines whether there were any changes between the period in which\nresettlement targeted mass numbers of refugees from specific geographical locations driven\nmostly by political interests and the period when resettlement came to be used within a more\nprotection-oriented framework.\n\n_Resettlement-asylum discourse_\n\nWhile appreciating the \u2018generous contributions [by the resettlement countries], in providing a\nnew life to a large number of deserving persons, and their humanitarian approach\u2019, the\nUNHCR report of 1991 noted that a mass automated resettlement was being influenced by\ndomestic pressure in resettlement countries and that the project had resettled refugees \u2018who\ndo not actually face protection problems or who are actually not even refugees\u2019 as a result of\ngroups of people who were processed independently of the UNHCR.. [44] Furthermore,\nrefugees\u2019 integration potential was used as key criteria by resettlement countries at that\ntime. [45] [46]\n\nTen years after the 1991 report was published, the resettlement discourse began to focus on\nthe inverse relationship between resettlement and asylum. The UNHCR report of 2001\nprovides a starting point to examine the challenges faced by the UNHCR resettlement\nprogramme. [47] The report addresses the concern that some countries exhibited a tendency to\ncontrol their total refugee intake by balancing between refugees who arrive through\nresettlement and those who apply directly for asylum. Accordingly, the UNHCR argues that\n\u201coff shore\u201d processing for resettlement [is] not to be used to block the admission of\nindividual asylum seekers for assessment \u201con shore\u201d, since this would undermine the right to\nseek asylum\u2019. An example of this is the \u2018Pacific Solution\u2019 introduced by Australia. [48]\n\n\n43 UNHCR, 2011a. emphasis added.\n44 UNHCR 1991\n45 Fredriksson 2002\n46 Troeller 1991\n47 UNHCR 2001b.\n48 Hathaway 2004\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Australia further instituted a system that the country sets a ceiling for the number of refugees\nadmitted, dividing it between those who arrive through resettlement and those seeking onshore asylum.\n\nUNHCR continues to raise the concern that resettlement is, at times, applied at the expense of\nasylum granted to domestic asylum seekers or used as an asylum path through which\ncountries exercise control over the number and profile of refugees they admit through\nresettlement. This practice clearly undermines the protection principles of both asylum and\nresettlement. In 2001, the ExCom of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme stressed that\nresettlement is \u201ca component, not alternative to asylum\u201d:\n\n\nResettlement and asylum are two distinct and separate possibilities. It is therefore\ncritical to the integrity of the international protection system that resettlement\nprocessing and the promotion of asylum are pursued in tandem, and not used to work\nagainst each other. Renewed interest in resettlement in quite a number of countries has,\nin some instance, coincided with large-scale arrivals of would-be migrants. [\u2026] Using\nresettlement to further restrict the admission of individual asylum-seekers would\nundermine the right to seek asylum, which is anchored in the Universal Declaration of\nHuman Rights, and is at the very core of the protection regime for refugees.\nResettlement must continue to function as a complement to other protection activities\nand durable solutions. It is not a substitute for the right to seek and enjoy asylum. [49]\n\nUNHCR had expressed concern decades ago that there were \u2018immigrants\u2019 who do not\ndeserve international protection status among the refugees who were resettled. The more\nrecent focus of the discussion on resettlement-asylum is that resettlement is used to justify a\npotential restriction to inland asylum. This change in the focus of debates is closely linked to\nthe increase in asylum applications in the West, as many Governments in West began to\nintroduce or enforce restrictive immigration and asylum policies and control measures [50] and,\nyet again, \u2018the distinction between refugees and immigrants has become blurred and the very\nprinciple of asylum endangered as Governments attempt to avoid being \u201coverrun\u201d by new\narrivals.\u2019 [51] As a consequence, more and more countries have given preference to the UNHCR\nresettlement referrals. [52]\n\nThe main factor influencing resettlement countries\u2019 admission decisions is a well-founded\nfear of persecution, _i.e._, the applicant\u2019s refugee status. Refugees are in most of cases admitted\nas refugees [53] or with subsidiary protection status by resettlement countries. The admission\ncriteria for resettlement are generally not based on the current needs of refugees in their first\nasylum countries. This is ironic in the sense that it is mainly the situation in country of\nasylum that the UNHCR bases to promote a refugee for resettlement. At every opportunity,\nthe UNHCR advocated for resettlement countries to adopt more flexible resettlement\nadmission criteria and refrain from applying immigration-oriented restrictive selection\ncriteria. [54] By using the term \u2018flexible use of resettlement criteria\u2019, the UNHCR suggests that a\nwider category of refugees be admitted to resettlement countries, _i.e._, not limited to the strict\napplication of the 1951 Convention status but considering refugees recognized under the\n\n49 UNHCR 2001a.\n50\nSee Crisp and Dessalegne 2002; Crisp 2003; Clayton 2008\n51 Troeller 2002\n52\nVan Selm 2003\n53 Canada grants refugees permanent resident status upon resettlement.\n54\nSee for example: UNHCR 2001a; 2001b; 2001c; 2003b; 2008a.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR mandate, including the broader refugee definition and ultimately do not reject them\nfor resettlement for not meeting the 1951 Convention status.\n\nThe UNHCR launched the Global Consultations on International Protection in late 2000 to\nengage States, non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) and refugee experts in a broadranging dialogue on refugee protection to explore \u2018how best to revitalize the existing\ninternational protection regime while ensuring its flexibility to address new problems.\u2019 [55]\nUNHCR and the States jointly adopted the Agenda for Protection. The UNHCR\u2019s initiatives\nto harmonize the interpretation of the 1951 Convention in light of the developments in\nrefugee law accords with Goal 1, Objectives 6 and 7 of the Agenda for Protection refers\nspecifically to the resettlement of refugees recognized on a _prima facie_ basis. [56] Accordingly,\nthe organization urged the States to examine how more flexible resettlement criteria could be\napplied in these special cases. [57]\n\nIt was indeed hoped in 1991 that the UNHCR resettlement cases would be \u2018inextricably\nlinked to protection cases and will, in turn, require flexibility on the part of the government in\nthe determination of annual admission ceilings and allocations by nationality, and less\nemphasis on immigration criteria by resettlement countries when admitting refugees.\u2019 [58] Ten\nyears later, however, the \u2018flexible use of resettlement criteria\u2019 continued to be a recurring\ntopic in discussions about resettlement. Resettlement admission criteria and the selection of\nrefugee profiles are at the discretion of the resettlement countries. [59] Admission criteria have\nremained a contentious issue between UNHCR and resettlement countries; _inter alia_, refugee\nstatus determination continues to be a recurring topic of discussion.\n\nIn 1994, Fredriksson and Mougne (1994) noted that one of the reasons that resettlement\ncountries often determined UNHCR cases to have weak refugee claims in terms of the 1951\nConvention was the poor quality of the case file prepared by UNHCR staff. Since that time,\nvarious measures have been taken to improve the quality and credibility of UNHCR\nresettlement cases. Regardless of the efforts UNHCR makes to ensure quality assessment,\nresettlement countries continue to apply a \u2018double-screening\u2019 practice. The core issue remains\nthe same. It is about inconsistent use and application of refugee protection doctrine rather\nthan the relative strength or weakness of the underlying refugee claim, [60] which results in a\nstand-off between the international protection principle and immigration-oriented interests.\n\n_Resettlement-immigration discourse_\n\nMore recent reports highlight increasingly restrictive or discriminatory resettlement selection\ncriteria [61] imposed by resettlement countries, which deny admission of refugees for non-legal\nand non-prejudicial reasons. Family size, health status, educational or professional\nbackground and religion are the factors that some of the resettlement countries apply to\nscreen resettlement application. \u2018The selection criteria, the size of targets and programmes, or\n\n\n55 UNHCR 2003b\n56 _Ibid._\n57 _Ibid._ 61.\n58 UNHCR 1991\n59 Since the millennium, this point has been raised more frequently in the context of _prima facie_ refugee\nsituations and the strategic use of resettlement.\n60 Fredriksson and Mougne 1994\n61 UNHCR 2008a\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the priority accorded to certain populations, may be overly influenced by domestic\nconsiderations, rather than with actual resettlement needs and priorities\u2019 and \u2018restrictive\nlegislation and criteria focusing on domestic considerations such as a refugee\u2019s integration\npotential rather than protection needs or vulnerabilities\u2019 [62] continue to pose challenges for the\nUNHCR, and the trend appears to have become even stricter after a number of countries\neffected anti-terrorism legislation post-September 11. [63]\n\n\nThe 1951 Refugee Convention distinguishes between refugees who fled their home countries\ndue to well-founded fear of persecution and people who left their countries for other reasons.\nThe Convention does not disqualify a person from refugee status because of his/her\nnationality, family size, health status, educational or professional background, religion and\nintegration potentials, _i.e._ non-persecution reasons. If resettlement countries are in agreement\nto use resettlement as a tool of off-shore asylum, applying discriminatory selection criteria\nover refugee claim infringes the normative requirements of the 1951 Refugee Convention. If\nresettlement countries are to use resettlement as an immigration pathway whereby the\nnationality and other profiles of refugees become the pre-requisites, it would result in an\narbitrary selection possibly leaving the vast majority behind. In either way the UNCHR\nresettlement is practiced, resettlement needs, the key criteria for the UNHCR, have limited\ninfluence to inform resettlement countries\u2019 decision making process. _The well developed_\n_resettlement needs an_ d submission categories and associated instruments would be an inhouse tool.\n\n\nResettlement countries have long been eager to control their resettlement intake while\nsimultaneously considering domestic interests. One of the consequences would be a\ncompromise regarding international protection. The rigorous endeavors undertaken by\nUNHCR since the millennium strengthened the protection function of resettlement by putting\nthe most vulnerable and in need forefront of this durable solution. The development of this\nprotection apparatus, however, did not have an impact on resettlement countries to refrain\nfrom applying double screening and immigration-oriented criteria. As a result, a refugee\napplicant whom the UNHCR determined to be in need of this durable solution for protection\nreasons may be declined by the resettlement country for not fulfilling their requirements.\nWhile the number of resettlement applications has considerably increased in the past decade,\nUNHCR\u2019s attempts to bridge the gap between the protection-durable solution function of\nresettlement and asylum-immigration function of resettlement has not been successful.\n\n**Strategic use of resettlement**\n\nIn the 2000s, a new concept referred to as the \u2018strategic use of resettlement\u2019 emerged,\nshedding new light on the potential benefits of resettlement. The development of this concept\nhas a basis in the responsibility sharing function of resettlement and it is interesting in light of\nthe preceding debate.\n\nAn idea that later shaped into the concept of the \u2018strategic use of resettlement\u2019 existed as\nearly as 2001. Its scope included the enhancement of protection and asylum prospects for the\nentire refugee population including the prospect for local integration. Its primary\nbeneficiaries remained individual resettled refugees but the UNHCR proposed that \u2018while\n\n\n62 _Ibid._\n63\nCrisp 2003\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "meeting the needs of refugees whose life, liberty, safety, health or other fundamental human\nrights are at risk, resettlement can also reduce the strain imposed on receiving States, both in\nterms of cheer numbers and of the political pressure they may face.\u2019 [64]\n\nIn June 2003, at the standing committee of the ExCom, the UNHCR and resettlement\ncountries recognized that resettlement \u2018produced secondary benefits other than to the\nresettled refugees themselves. In some cases, it has sustained first asylum in the face of\ncontinued flows of refugees, in others it has played a role in achieving comprehensive\nsolutions and often it has been an expression of burden sharing. Additionally, resettlement\nhas often engendered support for refugees among the publics of resettlement countries\u2019 as\nunplanned secondary benefits.\u2019 [65] The responsibility sharing function of resettlement was\nstressed in the document to benefit a refugee population in first asylum country and \u2018[a] more\nplanned and coordinated approach to use resettlement in order to burden share may ensure\nadditional benefits are created or that those that arise can be maximized.\u2019\n\nThis document was the first to focus on the aspect of resettlement to potentially \u2018convert a\nnon-strategic situation into a strategic one\u2019 and for the purpose, \u2018resettlement states will need\nto consider how broader linkages can be achieved through partnership with first asylum\nstates\u2019 and \u2018[f]irst asylum states need to be more open to making commitments on behalf of\nrefugees beyond the provision of first asylum protection.\u2019\n\nSubsequently, the strategic use of resettlement was defined as follows [66] :\n\n\nThe planned use of resettlement in a manner that maximizes the benefits, directly or\nindirectly, other than those received by the refugee being resettled. Those benefits may\naccrue to other refugees, the hosting State, other States or the international protection\nregime in general.\n\nIn 2009 and 2010, this ambitious concept (strategic use of resettlement) was further\ndeveloped in collaboration with resettlement countries and defined as the \u2018planned use of\nresettlement in a manner that maximises the benefits, directly or indirectly, other than those\nreceived by the refugee being resettled. Those benefits may accrue to other refugees, the\nhosting State, other States or the international protection regime in general.\u2019 [6768] These efforts\nconceptualised the strategic protection benefits of resettlement in countries of first asylum\nand countries of resettlement as well as in regional contexts. The 2010 paper mentions the\nfollowing benefits: protection benefits in countries of first asylum: unlocking alternative\ndurable solutions by creating conditions conducive to dialogue with the host country,\nassistance with the decongestion of camps, effects on the behaviour/attitudes of refugees;\nprotection benefits in countries of resettlement: reductions in xenophobia and encouragement\nof positive attitudes, enrichment of cultural and socioeconomic diversity, etc.; protection\nbenefits in regional contexts: potential reduction in the push-pull dynamics within refugee\nmovements, assistance balancing the burdens and responsibilities of the host countries.\n\n\nAn advantage of this new concept for the UNHCR resettlement is therefore that it not only\nbroadens the definition of the benefits accrued from resettlement but also that it brings\n\n64\nUNHCR 2001b\n65 UNHCR 2003a\n66 UNHCR, 2009\n67 UNHCR 2009\n68 UNHCR 2010c\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resettlement into the political arena. The success of the strategic use of resettlement relies on\nthe ability of the resettlement countries to plan and execute multi-year resettlement\nprogrammes under the responsibility sharing framework because strategic resettlement\nbenefits are intended to be achieved progressively. It has to be recognized that the pressing\nsituations in the first asylum countries were often created by mass-influx of refugees who\nwere recognized on prima-facie basis or who might have fled generalized violence. Strategic\nuse of resettlement implies that resettlement countries will have to flexibly consider their\nadmission criteria including 1951 Convention refugee status.\n\nIn this way, the UNHCR tries to use the protection benefit of refugees in first countries of\nasylum as leverage to achieve consensus with resettlement countries to accept refugees for\nresettlement who, under normal resettlement channels, might not be eligible to be admitted\nfor resettlement. It might not be too optimistic to read this development as a proactive move\non the part of the UNHCR that is intended to bring resettlement into the political arena not as\nan immigration tool but as a tool for strengthening international protection. Certain\nresettlement countries have been successfully persuaded to adopt flexible criteria, but the\ncomprehensive impacts of these efforts are yet to be fully evaluated.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nThe UNHCR resettlement policy has developed significantly since the turn of the millennium\nimpacting the resettlement programme both qualitatively and quantitatively. The UNHCR\nundertook rigorous efforts to streamline resettlement case identification as a vital protection\ntool and to improve its resettlement management and planning. The development of the\nprotection principle is based on the lessons learned from the political use of earlier\nresettlement criteria; ironically, it did not achieve its full capacity to inform the admission\ndecisions made by resettlement countries except in certain situations, such as when\nresettlement is strategically applied.\n\nWhile resettlement needs are the criteria applied when identifying a refugee for resettlement,\neach refugee\u2019s claim is independently assessed by the country of asylum, which bases its\ndecision on refugee status determination and immigration-specific or integration-prospect\nconsiderations. Double-screening of refugee claim and restrictive or discriminatory admission\ncriteria are the issues continue to be debated between the UNHCR and the resettlement\ncountries in 2000s, as these issues could undermine the protection function and humanitarian\nvalue of the resettlement. While the strategic use of resettlement, a new concept introduced in\nthe 2000s involves using resettlement as political leverage to enhance protection dividends,\nthe protection function of resettlement be firmly defined and protected.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ee7704c1-7a48-3792-a67c-52ed4de97187/Postmillenial%20UNHCR%20refugee%20resettlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_537/raw/doc_537_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_537/raw/doc_537_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 52e417bc4ef7d0fd05270b0ca4079f45f9f04924..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_537/raw/doc_537_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Child Protection and Education Trends\nTriangulation of Protection Monitoring Findings\nCentral Sahel\nJanuary 2022 - March 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n#### **95%**\n\nOF SURVEYED\nHOUSEHOLDS HAVE\nCHILDREN\n\n\n#### **52%**\n\nOF SCHOOL-GOING\nCHILDREN DO NOT ATTEND\nSCHOOL REGULARLY.\n\n\n\ntions, and inter-communal violence. Additionally, it is one\nof the world's most climate-affected regions. Rising\ntemperatures are causing frequent flooding and increasingly unpredictable weather patterns. Severe food insecurity, driven by conflict and displacement, has reached\nrecord highs, affecting more than 12.7 million people in\n2023 in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.\n\n\nCrisis-affected populations are highly vulnerable to\nnon-state armed groups (NSAGs), which have increased\ntheir attacks and pressure upon communities, by blocking\ntowns and villages, confining people, and even contaminating water points according to UNICEF. According to\nUNHCR, over 2.9 million refugees and internally displaced\npeople across Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger need humanitarian assistance in 2023 (800,000 more compared to\n2021), of whom 78% are women and children [1] .\n\n\nAccording to ACLED, at least 3,574 political violence\nevents were recorded in 2022, and the number of reported\ndeaths from political violence increased by 77% in Burkina\nFaso and 150% in Mali from 2021 [2] . Since 2022, insecurity\nand displacement are now spilling over towards the northern border areas of West African coastal countries (Benin,\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana and Togo), putting nearly 4 million\nchildren at risk [3] .\n\n\nPROJECT 21\n\n\n\n**ACCORDING TO UNICEF, THREE TIMES MORE**\n**CHILDREN WERE KILLED IN THE CENTRAL**\n**SAHEL DURING THE FIRST NINE MONTHS OF**\n**2022, COMPARED TO THE SAME PERIOD IN 2021**\n\n\nONE MILLION CHILDREN ACROSS\nTHE CENTRAL SAHEL ARE\nSUFFERING FROM\nLIFE-THREATENING SEVERE\nACUTE MALNUTRITION,\nACCORDING TO UNICEF\n\n\nMORE THAN SEVEN MILLION CHILDREN\nWILL SUFER FROM SEVERE HUNGER IN\nTHE CENTRAL SAHEL DURING THE\nJUNE-AUGUST 2023 LEAN SEASON\n\n\n\nProject 21 (P21) is a regional, inter-agency protection monitoring system working collaboratively across\ninitiatives, developing a common methodology and harmonized tools, and conducting joint analysis. P21 works\nclosely with protection actors through existing platforms, e.g. Protection Clusters and the Regional Protection\nWorking Group. In 2022, P21 has interviewed 15,000 key informants and heads of households in 2,400 localities\nin the Central Sahel and the Lac region in Chad. P21 aims to further the centrality of protection by collecting\nenhanced data, supporting comparable datasets, and performing comprehensive analysis for evidence-based\nadvocacy, protection programming and humanitarian response. P21 analysis on the protection situation, risks\nand trends is disseminated and targeted to key audiences to promote adoption and effective use amongst actors\nand decision-makers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Project 21", - "confidence": 0.7014596462249756, - "start": 364, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CENTRAL SAHEL", - "confidence": 0.7969480752944946, - "start": 331, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8983921408653259, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9339834451675415, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants and heads of households", - "confidence": 0.706312358379364, - "start": 427, - "end": 433 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enhanced data", - "confidence": 0.5828115344047546, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P21 analysis", - "confidence": 0.5109982490539551, - "start": 480, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RISK ANALISIS\n\n**CHILD PROTECTION**\n\n\nThe degradation and intensity of the armed conflict has become increasingly apparent in recent years, and NSAGs that\noperate across Mali, Burkina Faso, and increasingly in Niger are directly targeting children. As of today, according to\nUNICEF, ten million children - more than double the number in 2020 - in the Central Sahel need humanitarian assistance.\nHundreds of children, many of them girls, have been abducted across the three countries. In 2022, more than 8,300\nschools had shut down across the Central Sahel because they were directly targeted, teachers had fled, or because\nparents were displaced or too frightened to send their children to school.\u2074\n\n\nChild protection actors have noted a significant increase in numbers of children at risk of violence, abuse and\nexploitation, including sexual exploitation and trafficking, due to conflict and insecurity, and the socio-economic situation.\nP21 data confirm this trend. Other major protection risks currently affecting children are the high rate of school dropout,\nmalnutrition, and acute malnutrition. [5]\n\n\n\nAverage of 3 children\naged 6 to 13 per surveyed\nhousehold.\n\n\nOnly 1 out of 3 children\n(aged 6-13) per surveyed\nhousehold attends\nprimary school.\n\n\n\nAverage of 2 children\naged 13 to 18 per\nsurveyed household.\n\n\nschool.\n\n\n\nCHILD LABOUR IS REPORTED AS THE PRIMARY VIOLATION IN 2023 AFFECTING CHILDREN.\n\n\n**Burkina Faso** **Mali** **Niger**\n\n\n\nChild\nlabor/exploitation\n\n\n\n\n\nChild marriage\n\n\n\n\n\nChild marriage\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nChild\nlabor/exploitation\n\n\n\n\n\nChild\nlabor/exploitation\n\n\nNot being able to\ngo to/return to\nschool\n\n\nUnwanted/early\npregnancies\n\n\nPhysical attacks\n\n\n\n\n\nChild marriage\n\n\n\n\n\nNot being able to\n\n\n\nUnwanted/early\npregnancies\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPhysical attacks\n\n\n\n\n\nNot being able to\ngo to/return to\nschool\n\n\nDomestic\nviolence\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRecruitment into\nnon-state armed\ngroups\n\n\nUnwanted/early\npregnancies\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Women and children are at greater risk of negative coping mechanisms to survive, such as exploitation, sexual violence,\ndomestic violence, child marriage, rape, and other forms of gender-based violence (GBV). This trend was most\nprominent in Mali, where 29% of women responded in 2022 that the biggest gender problem in their communities was\nforced and/or child marriage, followed by physical violence (13%) and risk of attack outside the community environment\n(12%). In the Central Sahel, forced marriage (17%) and lack of self-reliance and work opportunities (21%) were the two\nprimary protection problems raised by women in 2022.\n\n\n\nWOMEN REPORTED IN 2022\nTHAT THE BIGGEST GENDER PROBLEMS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES WERE\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\nForced marriage.\n\n\n\nLack of self-reliance and\nwork opportunities\n\n\n\n29%\n\n13%\n\n12%\n\n\n\nForced and/or child\nmarriage.\n\n\nPhysical violence\n\n\nRisk of attack outside the\ncommunity environment\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**EDUCATION**\n\n\nThe most pressing education risks affecting children\nidentified by P21 include:\n\n\n**\u2022** **School attacks and closures:** There is a widespread\nlevel of school closures in the Central Sahel, with\nalmost 9,000 schools shut down in the three\ncountries, leaving 1.66 million children directly\nimpacted, most of whom have no access to education\nin 2023.\u2076 These attacks on schools lead to the\ndesertion of schools by teachers (one of the top three\nreasons why schools close in the Central Sahel) and\nthe dropping out of children, especially young girls. In\n2022, the main cause preventing children from\nattending school regularly was the destruction or\nclosure of their schools (27%).\n\n\n**\u2022** **Deliberate and targeted threats and attacks on**\n**children:** These are becoming a regular occurrence\nin Central Sahel. Insecurity on the way to school and\nattacks by NSAGs against and targeting children and\nadolescents have increased in 2022.\n\n\nIN BURKINA FASO, MALI AND NIGER\n###### **MORE THAN HALF**\n\nOF ALL CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS\nDO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO EDUCATION\n\n\n\nSCHOOLS SHUT DOWN IN THE\n# 9000\nTHREE COUNTRIES, LEAVING\n##### 1.66 MILLION\n\nCHILDREN DIRECTLY IMPACTED\n\n\n**\u2022** **School dropouts:** Displacement is one of the main\nreasons why students drop out of school in the\nCentral Sahel, and children become the most\nvulnerable due to the loss of economic income, lack of\naccess to basic services, social and cultural\ndisruption, and psychological trauma. An aggravating\nfactor, however, is that families or the state do not\nadequately address the right to education and see it\nas a priority when it comes to cases of forced\ndisplacement, exposing children to further risks. The\nrate of school dropouts is extremely high, and\nopportunities for children and adolescents out of\nschool are limited. School dropouts are resulting in\nchild labour and child marriage - the top two protection\nincidents affecting children - and additional barriers\nfor girls to access education, including early\npregnancies, child marriage, and gender bias.\n\n\nOF CHILDREN IN NIGER COULD\n## 15% NOT RETURN OR ENROLL IN\n\nSCHOOL DURING FEBRUARY 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLack / absence of teachers\n\n\nDestruction of infrastructure\nby armed groups\n\n\nThreats by armed groups\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS AND CORRELATION WITH ACCESS\nTO EDUCATION\n\n\n\nMovement restrictions in the context of violence in the Central\nSahel go beyond the common association where movements\nare limited / restricted towards displaced and refugee\npopulations. Considering that the majority of respondents\nparticipating in P21 surveys consist of local and host\ncommunities (64%), followed by IDPs (33%), the restriction of\nmovement sheds light on the plight of local populations who\nface limitations in their mobility within and outside their homes\nor communities for a week or more due to armed conflict and\nwidespread violence.\n\n\n### **70%**\n\n**OF CHILDREN**\n\n**FACE MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS**\n**TO GO TO SCHOOL**\n\n\n\nThis dire situation deprives them of accessing essential goods and services, including markets, food, education,\nhealthcare, water, sanitation, and livelihood opportunities. Consequently, entire communities are subjected to fear,\nanxiety, as they are unable to freely move around due to the constant threat of armed confrontations, explosive devices,\nand the presence of hostile actors engaged in armed conflict.\n\n\nWithin the Central Sahel region, P21's findings demonstrate that movement restrictions and confinement have a direct\nimpact on access to education. School enrollment rates decrease proportionally when these limitations are imposed.\nChildren are forced to discontinue their education, unable to avail themselves of child services and support. Driven by\nthe fear of abduction, rape, or even death at the hands of warring parties, these children and their families distance\nthemselves from normal life. The situation is exacerbated by the considerable distances they must traverse to reach the\nnearest school.\n\n\nIn 2022, a staggering 60% of respondents confirmed that movement restrictions and the consequences of armed conflict\nwere the primary obstacles preventing children from attending school in the Central Sahel. For formal primary enrolment,\nrates are 40% lower among children who face movement restrictions and they are only half as likely to be able to attend\nKoranic schools.\n\n\n\nReasons for school dropout\n\n\n\n1.5\n\n\n1.2\n\n\n0.9\n\n\n0.6\n\n\n0.3\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\nCorrelation between restriction of\nmovement and access to education\n\n\nFormal primary Formal secondary Koranic school,\n\n\nTotal respondant With movement restriction\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSchool is closed or destroyed\n\n\nLack of financial resources\n\n\nInsecurity at School\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWith movement restriction Total respondant\n\n\n\nWith movement restruction\n\n\nTotal respondent\n\n\n\nSchool frecuency vs restriction of movement\n\n0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80\n\n\n\n\n\nNO\n\n\nYES\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and with the support of remote learning approaches such as radio education programs. Donors should promote\nsynergies and complementarities of funding to ensure and increase predictable and flexible financing for education in\nemergencies.\n\n\n- **For children living in forced displacement** due to conflict and violence, the dangers of living without the protection of\ntheir families in many cases and their communities expose them to many risks along their journeys, including violence,\nexploitation, and human trafficking. Local governments and humanitarian actors should focus on developing national\nrapid response mechanisms and strategies that initially respond to the need for educational and Mental Health and\nPsychosocial Support (MHPS), through temporary learning spaces and duly trained teachers, while structurally\npreparing for the subsequent phases of resilience building, stabilization, and system strengthening. For this, political\ncommitment, dedicated funding, and implementation according to the humanitarian principles of neutrality and\nindependence are essential to ensure local acceptance and reduce the likelihood of a further cycle of violence and\ndisplacement.\n\n\n- **Systematize measures to prevent attacks on education:** Governments and partners should immediately negotiate\nthe non-occupation of schools by parties to the conflict and prioritize the rehabilitation and securing of damaged or\ndestroyed schools (including through demining). Governments and partners should establish early warning systems and\nemergency response plans (in consultation with school communities), build the capacity of education personnel, and\ntrain children and teachers in self-protection, including through the Safe Schools approach. Coastal countries should\nurgently strengthen all prevention and response plans to protect schools and ensure educational continuity in the event\nof a rapid deterioration of the security situation.\n\n\n- **Strengthen the linkages between humanitarian assistance and development planning** to decrease child labour\nand exploitation, particularly in the areas of self-resilience of heads of households, e.g. by promoting cash interventions\ndistributed to women and agricultural and fishing kits to men to support adult income-generating activities. In addition,\nthe increasingly restrictive approach towards refugees in coastal West African countries limits refugee access to\nlivelihoods and self-reliance activities significantly, leaving them almost entirely dependent on humanitarian assistance.\nAmong the push factors raised by people surveyed in 2022 that prevent refugee and IDP reintegration with local\ncommunities, 61% highlighted existing tensions around access to available resources. This heightens the risk of children\nbeing exploited and abused, including extortion, sexual violence, child labour, and forced marriage. While humanitarian\npartners provide life-saving support in the camps and implement activities designed to safeguard the human rights of\nrefugees, the root causes of many protection risks remain extreme poverty and lack of self-reliance before and during\nthe time spent in exile.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFERENCES AND LINKS\n\n\n1. Global Report 2022 Sahel situation UNHCR\n\nhttps://reporting.unhcr.org/sahel-situation#:~:text=2023%20population%20planning%20figures%3A&text=IDPs%3A%203.74%2\n\n0million\n\n2. The Sahel: Geopolitical Transition at the Center of an Ever-Worsening Crisis.\n\nhttps://acleddata.com/conflict-watchlist-2023/sahel/\n\n3. Child alert: Extreme jeopardy in the central Sahel | UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/child-alert/central-sahel-extreme-jeopardy\n\n4. Central and West Africa home to almost a quarter of out-of-school children worldwide\n\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/burkina-faso/central-and-west-africa-home-almost-quarter-out-school-children-worldwide\n\n5. An estimated 970,000 children under 5 from West Africa\u2019s three central Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) will face\n\nsevere wasting this year as families deal with high food prices, conflict and climate change, according to new data gathered by\n\nUNICEF in 2023.\n\n6. Disturbingly many children will suffer from severe hunger in the Central Sahel by mid-2023 fueling the already critical education\n\ncrisis, Save the Children.\n\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/niger/disturbingly-many-children-will-suffer-severe-hunger-central-sahel-mid-2023-fueling-already-criti\n\ncal-education-crisis\n\n7. Education under attack in West and Central Africa: 2022 update\n\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/burkina-faso/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-2022-update?_gl=1*1eqh3rk*_ga*MTY3\n\nMTY3MDM0OC4xNjY4NDI5MjE4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTY4NTAyMjk3My42MC4wLjE2ODUwMjI5NzMuNjAuMC4w\n\n8. Regional Education in Emergencies Working Group (R-EiE WG)\n\n9. National Education Clusters at Central Sahel Countries and Tchad.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Report 2022 Sahel situation", - "confidence": 0.8298394680023193, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8786435723304749, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9097998142242432, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9238108396530151, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6074491739273071, - "start": 113, - "end": 114 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children under 5", - "confidence": 0.5856654644012451, - "start": 66, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e820471-d630-44dd-9a04-194b70f89660/Project%2021_Central%20Sahel_Child%20Protection%20and%20Education%20Note_June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_538/raw/doc_538_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_538/raw/doc_538_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index addb35f897fa0a5b897e7ee5a2e5b18b52d9dbc7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_538/raw/doc_538_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,570 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION** **AND INCLUSION:**\n#### Empowering Municipalities Across Europe Integration Policy Brief August 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n##### **Contents**\n\nExecutive Summary\b 3\n\n\nOverview\b 4\n\n\nIntegration & Inclusion in Municipalities throughout Europe \u2013 Regional & country snapshots\b 5\n\n\nREFUGEE INCLUSION & INTEGRATION: MAIN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR MUNICIPAL\nGOVERNMENTS 6\n1. Funding \b\n2. Housing \b 8\n3. Opportunity concentration: Municipalities facing over-saturation, or declining populations\b 10\n4. Coordination, and developing holistic integration policies\b 12\n5. Data and achieving an evidence-based approach \b 14\n\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE 18\nOn Data\b 19\nOn Housing\b 20\nOn Funding\b 22\nOn Opportunity Decentralization\b 23\nOn Alliances and Partnerships \b 23\n\n\nConclusion\b 24\n\n\nPROMISING PRACTICE IN EUROPE 25\n\n\nEndnotes\b 32\n\n\n**Contact us:**\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nEmail: [rbeext@unhcr.org](mailto:rbeext%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n\n\n**Cover photo:**\nPaulo Alexandre Fernandes, the Mayor of the small Portuguese city of Fund\u00e3o, poses back to back with Sediqa\nDanish Nawrozi, a 29-year-old refugee from Afghanistan who worked as an intercultural mediator for fellow\nAfghans in the city under a project called \u201cFund\u00e3o MEDEIA\u201d implemented with support from the European\nUnion. \u00a9UNHCR/Ana Brigida. For more on Fund\u00e3o\u2019s work on refugee integration, see page 11.\n\n\n# **Executive Summary**\n\n\n\nMunicipalities have played a defining role in the\ninclusion and local integration [1] of forcibly displaced\nand stateless people in Europe in recent years,\ncontinually taking the lead in the short and longerterm response to large-scale refugee influxes.\n\n\nThis brief examines the policy reforms and new\ninstitutional practices needed to better sustain\nintegration efforts and enhance capacities for\ninclusive local development. It focuses on five\npersistent challenges which UNHCR has recurrently\nencountered at the municipal level, based on its\non-the-ground daily interactions with local\ngovernments, other frontline local actors, and\nrefugees [2] throughout Europe. These include access\nto affordable housing, sustaining holistic integration\nand inclusion policies in the long-term, and access to\nfunding. Moreover, it draws attention to the clear\npragmatic dimensions and business case for more\nsustained and effective support for municipalities on\nsocio-economic inclusion, particularly given the\ninterest refugees have in contributing to their host\ncommunities and economies in the face of Europe\u2019s\nshrinking labour force and ageing population. [3]\n\n\nWhile much has been written on the role of\nmunicipalities in the integration of newcomers, this\noften has a limited geographic scope, or does not\nfocus on forcibly displaced and stateless people. As\nit is often challenging for local actors to obtain a full\n\n\n\noverview of relevant publications on the topic of\nrefugee inclusion at the local level, this policy brief\nprovides a synthesis of pertinent studies and\nup-to-date policy guidance by experts in this field,\nwhile making reference to relevant resources for\nlocal [4] actors to consider and engage with further\naccording to their priority areas, along with practical\ntools and methodologies for ensuring the meaningful\nparticipation and effective inclusion of refugee\ncommunities. It also offers a selection of workable\nsolutions \u2013 particularly around housing \u2013 based on\nconcrete experiences and recommendations, that\nmight inspire authorities in search of innovative\ninitiatives from across the continent that they could\nconsider implementing or scaling up where relevant.\n\n\nWhile municipalities are the focus of this brief, the\nrefugee situations they grapple with are situated\nwithin complex, structural challenges related to the\ncost-of-living crisis and the asymmetric distribution of\npopulations and opportunities within national\nterritories, among others. These require coordination\nacross levels of government and support from\nsupranational and development actors, including the\nprivate sector. As such, this policy brief contains\ngeneral information, guidance, and\nrecommendations for a broad ensemble of actors\nneeded to maximize the potential for refugee\ninclusion and the overall development of cities and\ntowns across Europe.\n\n\n\n2 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n# **Overview**\n\nBy the end of 2023, Europe, including T\u00fcrkiye,\nhosted about one-third (some 30 per cent) of all\nrefugees globally. [5 ] The number of refugees in\nEuropean countries rose from 12.4 million at the end\nof 2022 to 13 million at the end of 2023, as more\nrefugees from Ukraine continued to seek safety in\nnearby countries. Additionally, there are also 493\n000 stateless people and people of undetermined\nnationality in Europe. Their denial of a nationality\noften hinders their access to basic rights such as\neducation, health care, work, financial services, and\nfreedom of movement. [6]\n\n\nLarge-scale arrivals in 2015 \u2013 2016 highlighted the\nlimits of conventional approaches to refugee\nintegration and called for more coordinated\nresponses across different stakeholders and levels\nof government. This led to the creation of innovative\nurban agendas on refugee inclusion, [7] a forging of\nstronger alliances between mayors, increased\ncity-to-city cooperation, participation of city leaders\nin global fora, [8] and unprecedented levels of\ninvestment by many major refugee-hosting countries\non integration programs and related municipal\nsupport programs and services.\n\n\nAll of this has taken on renewed significance since\nFebruary 2022, which saw one of the largest human\ndisplacement crises globally and the largest refugee\ninflux in Europe in decades. It also led to the swiftest,\nmost ambitious, and agile response to a large-scale\nrefugee movement in Europe\u2019s history. This time,\ncities, and towns throughout Central and Eastern\nEurope have shouldered the greatest responsibility\nfor integrating and providing services to new\n\n\n**CATEGORIZING URBAN AREAS**\n\n\n##### **Integration & Inclusion in Municipalities throughout** **Europe \u2013 Regional & country snapshots [12]**\n\n\n\nrefugee populations. The scale and pace of the\ninflux from Ukraine placed a demand on many cities\nnever witnessed in Europe, while the activation of\nthe [European Union\u2019s Temporary Protection](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/common-european-asylum-system/temporary-protection_en)\n[Directive](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/common-european-asylum-system/temporary-protection_en) afforded rapid access to rights and\nservices which removed otherwise lengthy\nadministrative hurdles that could normally take years\nto overcome, and which were resolved in a matter of\nweeks and months. Unprecedented also was the\ndegree of support from everyday citizens and local\ncommunities, the private sector and business\norganizations.\n\n\nThere are nevertheless historic commonalities that\nlink the experiences of refugees and asylum-seekers\nof all nationalities in Europe, namely that most seek\nout economically dynamic and socially inclusive\ndestination cities, tending to settle in territories with\nfavourable employment prospects and strong social\ninfrastructure, or capital regions/large urban centres\nwhere they can find job opportunities and rely on\npre-existing communities providing social\nconnections and support. [9]\n\n\nRegardless of the time or place, the bulk of\nintegration services tend to be provided by\nmunicipal authorities, many of which struggle to\nmeet existing demands of their local population,\nparticularly following an unprecedented period of\npublic spending during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nWithin national territories, metropolitan areas tend to\nbe the most overstretched [10], while smaller cities and\nrural towns contend with their own diverse\nchallenges and often under-acknowledged\ndilemmas related to refugee integration. [11]\n\n\n\nPrior to February 2022, municipal governments in\n**Czechia**, **Poland**, **Slovakia** and **Hungary**, received\nrelatively small numbers of asylum-seekers, refugees\nand subsidiary protection holders that tended to\nsettle in a handful of capital and/or other larger cities\nwhere reception centres were located, and to\nvarying degrees were working toward tailor-made\nmunicipal services in support of refugee\nintegration. [13] This completely transformed after the\nescalation of the war in Ukraine in February 2022,\nwhere along with other neighbouring countries, they\nmade extraordinary efforts to accommodate new\narrivals and include them in local services. Now,\nthese countries join with **Romania**, **Bulgaria**,\n**Republic of Moldova**, **Slovakia**, and **Baltic states** as\nemerging major refugee hosting countries\nincreasingly in need of support as they shift their\nfocus to longer-term arrangements for housing,\ndecent work, and community inclusion. This also\nincludes support for advanced local language\nlearning, mental health and psycho-social support,\nskills recognition, up- and reskilling, early childhood,\nprimary, secondary, and higher education.\n\n\n**France** has trialled a program offering job search,\nhousing and settling in support for both locals and\nrefugee and migrant households willing to relocate\naway from major metropolitan districts, to smaller\nmunicipalities, where employment and affordable\nhousing is more readily available. [14] Conversations on\nnational-subnational coordination on these kind of\nmeasures are becoming increasingly topical\nthroughout Western and Southern Europe, as\nhousing shortages and the cost of living crisis stoke\ntensions in major cities, while many smaller and\nmedium-size municipalities with negative net\nmigration, shrinking labour forces and ageing\npopulations undergo a process of decline.\n\n\nIn **Georgia**, efforts are underway to address\nobstacles to integration and promote\ndecentralization from expensive city centres and the\ngeneration of opportunities in the municipalities of\nKutaisi, Rustavi and Poti, aligned with local municipal\ndevelopment plans.\n\n\n\n**Western Balkans** [15] countries are at different stages\nin the development and implementation of their\nintegration strategies and related action plans, their\nmunicipalities in search of good practices and\ninnovation that can be adapted and built upon to\nsupport the integration efforts of temporary\nprotection holders, or those granted refugee status\nor subsidiary protection in situ. Effective local\nintegration support systems are seen as increasingly\nnecessary with the rise in number of positive\ndecisions on asylum applications in several countries\nthroughout the region and labour gaps.\n\n\nLocal government agencies in municipalities or key\nprovinces of the **Republic of T\u00fcrkiye** have proven to\nbe strong supporters of refugees\u2019 employment and\neconomic opportunities, supporting social cohesion\nwith the host community. The city government of\nIstanbul hosts one million foreigners \u2013 half of which\nare Syrian refugees. In Gaziantep, over 25% of the\nlocal population are refugees.\n\n\n**Armenia** is pursuing a multifaceted development\nstrategy that includes enhancing the capacities of\nmunicipal entities to support the long-term\nintegration of its refugee and stateless populations.\nThrough employment programs for refugee teachers\nand health professionals, the Government encourages\nsettlement of qualified refugees in regions with labor\nshortages, particularly in remote and bordering areas\nnot otherwise attractive, including due to security\nconcerns, limited infrastructure, and labor\nopportunities. [16]\n\n\nOnce a city of 15,000 residents, the city of Dunaivtsi,\n**Ukraine** has received over 10,000 internally\ndisplaced people (IDPs). [17] The war has impacted the\ncity\u2019s financial resources, with disruption of local\nbusinesses and the additional costs associated with\nthe needs of returned army personnel. Despite these\nchallenges, its City Council has made a concerted\neffort to welcome and provide for the needs of\narriving IDPs. [18]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **1. Funding**\n\nTo effectively support the longer-term inclusion of refugees, while delivering on wider\n\nstrategic priorities for their local citizens, municipal actors require access to diverse\nfunding sources. This includes more effective cooperation and streamlined processes\nwith traditional actors, and the forging of new partnerships with urban innovators and\ninvestors who can support large-scale, cutting-edge solutions. [19]\n\n##### **Main issues & challenges for municipalities:**\n\n\n\n\n- **Mayors of EU-accession countries are at a**\n**particular disadvantage** and have expressed a\nneed for a rethinking of policies and funding\noptions for local administrations of candidate\ncountries. This might include support for\ncross-border actions between cities, both within\nand outside the EU. [23]\n\n- **Mayors often exhaust their limited budgets on**\n**costs essential to the upkeep of a city and**\n**population wellbeing**, such as public health and\npolicing, as well as the provision and support of\nessential public goods. In turn, strategic longterm investments in innovations are consistently\npostponed.\n\n- **Catalyzing private sector investment:** The rapid\nresponse of business organizations willing to\nsupport refugees from Ukraine was\nextraordinary compared to other refugee crises.\nHowever, city administrations now require expert\nsupport to develop proposals that will attract\nprivate investments and loans to reach the scale\nof investment needed for larger infrastructural\ntransformations. [24]\n\n\nintegration of people with a migrant background\n(2021\u20132027).\n\n\nMember States have established national sites\nserving as single entry points for information on\nUnion funds managed by their national and\nregional authorities for the 2021-2027 funding\nperiod. A complete list is available at: [National](https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/find-funding/funding-management-mode/national-single-portals_en )\n[single portals.](https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/find-funding/funding-management-mode/national-single-portals_en )\n\n\n# **REFUGEE INCLUSION &** **INTEGRATION: MAIN ISSUES AND** **CHALLENGES FOR MUNICIPAL** **GOVERNMENTS**\n\n\n\n\n- **Lack of long-term, predictable financing:** EU\nand private funding sources are often projectbased, while integration is a long-term process\nrequiring multi-year, predictable financing, along\nwith well-funded local public services, to achieve\nmaximum results. [20]\n\n- **A mismatch between responsibilities and**\n**financial support:** Particularly for municipalities\nwhose population size has increased following\nthe full-scale invasion of Ukraine, [21] current\nbudgets are incompatible with the populations\nthey are hosting, particularly as these same\nadministrations grapple with already existing\ndilemmas related to cost of living and public\nservice coverage.\n\n- **Municipalities are often not consulted or**\n**invited to central-level decision-making spaces**\n**on EU funding allocation**, leading to\nmismatches between the funding allocated and\nreal on-the-ground needs. [22]\n\n- Particularly for peripheral municipalities with little\ncommunication with the central government,\nlocal actors and administrations therein cannot\neasily access EU funds, as again these are often\nmanaged by national or regional authorities.\n\n##### **Key background & guidance:**\n\n[Understanding the Municipal Finance Landscape for](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/muni-fi-report/)\n[Migrant and Refugee Inclusion: Broadly speaking,](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/muni-fi-report/)\ncity governments can finance their programs,\nprojects, and services through three main channels:\nmunicipal or own source revenues, donor funding,\nor external financing. [25]\n\n\nThe European Commission has developed a\n[Toolkit on the coordinated use of EU funds for the](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/KN0521021ENN.en_.pdf)\n\n\n\n6 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n# **2. Housing**\n\nEurope\u2019s housing crisis [26] has been further thrust into the limelight with the arrival of\n\nrefugees from Ukraine, with governments in urgent need of policy guidance and\nresources for augmenting housing stock and finding affordable housing solutions for\nboth refugees and their own citizens. With expenditure on housing costs now\nrepresenting the highest share of household budgets in most EU countries [27], The\nprovision of fair and affordable housing has soared as a priority for mayors in recent\nyears. [28]\n\n##### **Main issues & challenges for municipalities**\n\n\n\n\n- **Multiple structural and policy factors have**\n**made housing less affordable over time** . In\nmany places in the OECD and the European\nUnion, demand for affordable housing outstrips\nthe supply, while public investment in housing\nhas been declining over the past two decades. [29]\n\n- Particularly in the context of the Ukraine Refugee\nresponse, there is **a continued emphasis on**\n**renewing shorter-term accommodation**\n**arrangements** [30] **,** rather than strategies to\nsupport a shift to acquiring autonomous housing\nembedded in a broader socio-economic\ninclusion support program. [31]\n\n\n\n\n- **Multiple access barriers for refugees looking to**\n**rent on the private market**, related to high\ncosts, documentation issues, and discrimination\nor reluctance on the part of homeowners to\naccept refugees as tenants.\n\n- **Lack of support as part of a broader urban**\n**development focus:** Attractive, sustainable, and\naffordable housing developments that enhance\nsocial cohesion and offset segregation require\nmultistakeholder partnerships. [33] These often\ncomprise differing combinations of state and\nlocal government, non-profit housing\ndevelopers, community housing organizations,\nrefugees, and private financial institutions. [34]\n\n- **Housing and social cohesion:** In a comparative\nstudy of factors affecting solidarity toward\nrefugees by host communities, collective stress\nover access to affordable housing for all was\nnoted as a key pain point in shaping public\nattitudes towards the ongoing presence of\nrefugees from Ukraine in Europe. [35]\n\n- **Tackling access to housing from a holistic**\n**perspective:** Though multiple factors affect\nrefugees\u2019 access to housing, access to regular\nemployment is key to overall household\nprosperity [36], and provides refugees with more\neconomic security to cover rent and deposits at\nmarket price. In summary, addressing refugees\u2019\nsocio-economic exclusion greatly increases the\nprospects of accessing independent longer-term\naccommodation.\n\n\n##### **Background & guidance**\n\n**Affordable Housing:** While municipalities are\npredominantly responsible for housing provision,\nresponsibilities on housing at the local level across\ncountries can vary considerably. Existing cross-city\nanalyses throughout the region reveal common\nresponsibilities: granting land usage permissions,\nmanagement of social housing, regulation of new\nhousing projects or renovation projects,\npartnerships with key stakeholders (such as housing\nassociations) and provision of housing benefits or\nsubsidies and social evictions and enhance social\ninclusion. [37]\n\n\nFor recent research into housing in Europe, and/or\nresources outlining a range of housing models and\napproaches to housing solutions, see:\n\n\n- [Council of Europe - Policy Brief](https://rm.coe.int/policy-brief-long-term-sustainable-housing-solutions-for-vulnerable-re/1680a8b99f) (p. 9- 13)\n\n- [European Website on Integration - Analysis](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2024-04/EWSI%20analysis%20--%20Migrants%E2%80%99%20access%20to%20medium-%20and%20long-term%20housing%20in%20the%20EU%20-%20barriers%2C%20governance%20and%20good%20practices.pdf)\n\n- [Habitat for Humanity, Housing of Ukrainians in](https://www.habitat.org/emea/housing-ukrainian-refugees-europe)\n[Europe](https://www.habitat.org/emea/housing-ukrainian-refugees-europe)\n\n- [EU Agency for Fundamental Rights -](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/fleeing-ukraine-temporary-protection?page=3%23read-online)\n[Implementing temporary protection at local](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/fleeing-ukraine-temporary-protection?page=3%23read-online)\n[levels](https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/fleeing-ukraine-temporary-protection?page=3%23read-online)\n\n- Fleeing Ukraine: Implementing temporary\nprotection at local levels\n\n\n\n\n\n**Collaboration with Development Actors on**\n**Housing**\n\n\n- Proposals for cooperation between the private\nand public sectors in terms of increasing the\naffordability of apartments, based on recent\nexperiences and research in Poland:\n[Models of involving the private sector in the](https://habitat.pl/files/Report Models of involving the private sector in the supply of affordable housing.pdf)\n[supply of afordable housing](https://habitat.pl/files/Report Models of involving the private sector in the supply of affordable housing.pdf) (Habitat for\nHumanity, Poland)\n\n- The European Investment Bank (EIB) provides\nloans to the private sector for affordable housing\nsolutions: [Afordable and Sustainable Housing.](https://www.eib.org/en/projects/topics/sustainable-cities-regions/urban-development/affordable-and-sustainable-housing) [ 38]\n\n\n[Housing Europe\u2019s](https://www.housingeurope.eu/) [39] site includes up-to date\ninformation on [European Funding](https://www.housingeurope.eu/section-16/european-funding) and [tools to deal](https://www.housingeurope.eu/resource-1823/tools-to-deal-with-vacant-housing)\n[with vacant housing, among other key resources.](https://www.housingeurope.eu/resource-1823/tools-to-deal-with-vacant-housing)\n\n\n\n\n- **Scarcity of public/municipal housing stock** due\nto a region-wide trend of accelerated\nprivatization.\n\n\n\n\n- **Existing stock is uninhabitable:** In many\ncountries, the tiny proportion of housing stock\nowned by municipalities is dilapidated, and\ngovernment funding is not available for\nrenovations.\n\n- In most countries throughout Europe, **social**\n**housing** is an option for only a small fraction of\nthe refugee population due to strict eligibility\ncriteria, long waiting times, and limited\navailability of public housing stock. [32] Factors\nwhich already restrict access for most of the\ngeneral population.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n# **3. Opportunity concentration:** **Municipalities facing over-** **saturation, or declining populations**\n\nHow to best redistribute refugee populations in cities and towns throughout national\nterritories remains a key topic of discussion and analysis in Central and Eastern\nEuropean countries hosting predominantly refugees from Ukraine, but also in countries\nin the region currently grappling with other large-scale refugee situations, and rural\ndepopulation, such as Armenia, Germany, Italy and T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n##### **Main issues & challenges for municipalities**\n\n\n##### **Background & guidance**\n\nThe [OECD has developed indicators for assessing](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/measuring-the-attractiveness-of-regions_fbe44086-en.html)\n[regional attractiveness to better help national and](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/measuring-the-attractiveness-of-regions_fbe44086-en.html)\nregional policymakers assess factors that attract\ninvestors, talent and visitors to certain pockets of\ntheir national territories over others. Once\npinpointed, efforts can be stepped up to enhance\nthe attractiveness of less densely populated\nterritories, which could make certain currently\nunderperforming localities more magnetic. It also\nconsiders the need to co-ordinate across levels of\ngovernment, across policy fields, and with private\nstakeholders, and highlights good practices to\nimplement regional attractiveness policies.\n\n\n\n[Whole-COMM is a multi-stakeholder research and](https://whole-comm.eu/ )\npolicy initiative focused on integration policies and\ncommunity cohesion in small and medium-sized\ntowns and rural areas. Resources include a [specifc](https://whole-comm.eu/deliverables/toolbox-local-strategies-for-effective-migrant-and-refugee-integration/ )\n[toolbox for supporting effective migrant and refugee](https://whole-comm.eu/deliverables/toolbox-local-strategies-for-effective-migrant-and-refugee-integration/ )\nintegration in these contexts.\n\n\nThe [Municipality of Fund\u00e3o has become widely](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/good-practices/fundao-embrancing-land)\nrecognized for its visionary cross-sectoral and\ninclusive work on migrant and refugee integration\nwithin a progressively depopulating territory of\nPortugal. See [Fund\u00e3o: An Embracing Land in](https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/1/atp-safelinks.html)\n[Portugal.](https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/1/atp-safelinks.html)\n\n\n\n\n- **Smaller cities and towns tend not to be**\n**attractive destinations for most refugees:** While\nhighly favourable conditions for the inclusion of\nnew arrivals often exist in smaller, less densely\npopulated urban areas and rural towns, refugees\ntend to gravitate toward capital-cities and\nmetropolitan areas, where jobs and diasporas\nare concentrated. Furthermore, a person with\nany sort of migratory profile with a high level of\neducation is more likely to settle in urban areas\nwhere highly skilled job opportunities are\nconcentrated. [40] In the face of declining\npopulations and a loss of workers needed to\nboost investment, [41] Chambers of Commerce\nhave been increasingly stepping-up to support\nintegration efforts in these declining areas. [42]\nMany case studies reflect that smaller cities tend\nto offer strong support networks of local NGOs\nand citizens, more accessible labour markets\nwith critical hiring needs, and ample affordable\nhousing options, facilitating faster integration. [43]\nHowever, most of these examples are linked to\nrefugee resettlement programs, community\nsponsorship schemes, or national placement\npolicies within central government-led asylum\nseeker dispersal policies, where the place of\nresidence is usually designated, and often with\nlimited consideration of economic inclusion\nprospects. [44]\n\n\n\n\n- **Dispersal policies are posed as potential**\n**solutions, but generally do not have a good**\n**track record** . The evidence suggests that\nrefugees allowed to gravitate freely toward their\nnetworks of co-nationals benefit from improved\naccess to information and labour market\ninclusion in the long-term, as well as improved\nsocial integration. [45]\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n# **4. Coordination, and developing** **holistic integration policies**\n\nOn the one hand, cities have consistently proved to be pioneering hubs of innovation,\nand capable of taking the lead to develop their own longer-term integration responses,\nmobilizing non-government organizations and the private sector. Mayors too are\nincreasingly engaged in cross-border challenges, on international affairs and across\ntransnational networks, and have spearheaded progressive urban policies. [46]\n\n\n\nhave the potential to fill labour shortages, offer\nservices that investors and local communities\nare in the market for, and potentially link local\nbusinesses with supply chains in distant\ncountries that the host country merchants had\n\n\n\nnot previously envisioned. Countries often lack\nfora bringing together consultation mechanisms\nwith refugee led organizations, effective skills\nprofiling and targeted engagement with relevant\nlabour market actors to make traction. [50]\n\n\n##### **Background, Definitions & Guidance**\n\n\n\nActors in need of guidance could look to the\nOECD\u2019s [Working together for local integration of](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1709940864&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5AF37A66E142BD0C549853193B327529)\n[migrants and refugees](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1709940864&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5AF37A66E142BD0C549853193B327529) (83-114), which draws on\ndiverse government institutional and financial\nsettings to propose frameworks for improved\nmulti-level governance on integration, and [Efective](https://www.oecd.org/effective-public-investment-toolkit/Full_report_Effective_Public_Investment.pdf)\n[Multi-level Public Investment in Action.](https://www.oecd.org/effective-public-investment-toolkit/Full_report_Effective_Public_Investment.pdf)\n\n\nHands-on practical guidance and training for local\npractitioners and municipal authorities, including on\nparticipatory and inclusive approaches, with good\npractice summaries from cities:\n\n\n- [Efective Inclusion of Refugees: Participatory](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)\n[Approaches for Practitioners at the Local Leve](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees) **l**\n(UNHCR & Migration Policy Group) (Examples of\nMultistakeholder & Multi-level strategy p62-63)\n\n- [Model Framework for an Intercultural Integration](https://rm.coe.int/prems-093421-gbr-2555-intercultural-integration-strategies-cdadi-web-a/1680a476bd)\n[Strategy at the National Level](https://rm.coe.int/prems-093421-gbr-2555-intercultural-integration-strategies-cdadi-web-a/1680a476bd) (Council of\nEurope)\n\n\nThe European Commission\u2019s [Governance of Migrant](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/country-governance/governance-migrant-integration-across-europe_en)\n[Integration across Europe website maintains](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/country-governance/governance-migrant-integration-across-europe_en)\ndedicated country pages summarizing integration\nlegislation, strategies, policies and programmes,\nalong with general funding available, for each\nMember State. While these national integration\ngovernance frameworks usually encompass asylum\nseekers and refugees, it\u2019s important to highlight the\ninformation deals with migrant integration in\nbroader terms.\n\n\n\nOn the other, a municipality\u2019s success in its\nintegration of refugees in the long-term can be\nhighly dependent on the enabling environment\nafforded by upper levels of government, and\nshaped by how competencies related to an area of\nintegration in terms of policy and regulation (e.g.\neducation, work, housing) are spread across levels\nof government. The division of responsibility and\ncompetences for integration work can lead to\nfragmented governance arrangements.\n\n\nMunicipal governments across Europe have varying\nlevels of political, administrative, and financial\nindependence. In some countries, powers and\n\n\n\nresources are significantly devolved to subnational\ngovernments, while in others they are highly limited\nor centralized. [47] The characteristics and\ncircumstances of refugee residents requiring\nintegration support in specific countries also varies\ngreatly, and many municipalities are dealing with the\nchallenges of offering tailored support based on\ndiverse countries of origin, ages, gender,\neducational backgrounds, literacy levels, work\nexperience, household composition and personal\nneeds. Some countries with longer histories of\nmigration and asylum may have more effectively\nmainstreamed integration across a wide range of\npolicy sectors and municipal departments.\n\n\n##### **Main issues & challenges for municipalities**\n\n\n\n\n- **Insufficient consultation between local**\n**authorities and national governments,**\nparticularly in the designing of national\nintegration policies and funding plans.\n\n- **Difficulty coordinating across stakeholders**\nlimits opportunities for municipalities to both\naccess and invest resources in a cost-effective\nmanner.\n\n- **Multi-level governance gaps** **[48]** make it difficult\nfor cities to achieve deeper, structural changes\nwhen it comes to major urban and social\nchallenges, many of which are directly linked to\n\n\n\nrefugee inclusion and integration. Earlier\nexperiences show that bridging these gaps to\nsustain methodical cooperation across levels of\ngovernments on past refugee situations has paid\noff, with more transformative results achieved on\nurban and national-level policy challenges and\nservice delivery, that have benefited an\nensemble of local governments and the central\ngovernment all at once. [49]\n\n- **Refugee talent is not being effectively matched**\n**with employers and market opportunities:** In\ntowns and cities throughout Europe, refugees\n\n\n\nThe potential of a municipality to deliver on its\nrefugee integration potential is shaped by its\ninsertion within a **whole-of-government** and\n**whole-of-society/community approach** .\n\n\n- **Whole-of-government coordination** [51] refers to\ncoordination up and down tiers of government\n(e.g. national, regional, municipal) but also\nacross sectors at the same level of government\n(i.e. inter-ministerial). It is essential to\nimplementing a comprehensive strategy for the\ninclusion of refugees and developing\nsustainable integration services.\n\n- **Whole-of-society, or multistakeholder**\n**coordination:** Individual cities and local civic\ngroups have been dedicating resources, energy,\nand innovation into the efforts of refugee\nintegration for well over a decade now. More\nrecently, the agile large-scale cooperation and\ncoordination between local authorities, civil\nsociety, businesses, the refugee diaspora, and\nhost communities that occurred as part of the\nUkraine response, is a testament to what the\nimpact a whole-of-society response can yield\nwhen mobilized effectively.\n\n\n**Multilevel governance** encompasses concepts\nsimilar to the above. It **\u2018embraces central, regional,**\n**and local governments, as well as civil society**\n**organizations\u2019,** ideally **\u2018includes a bottom-up**\n**element\u2019,** and **\u2018implies the setting up of**\n**participatory processes for policy co-creation,**\n**co-operation, and co-ordination\u2019** . [52]\n\n\n\n12 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Background, guidance and recommended studies/** **frameworks:**\n\n\n\n\n- The [German Federal Ofce for Migration and](https://www.bamf.de/EN/Startseite/startseite_node.html)\n[Refugees and its multiple](https://www.bamf.de/EN/Startseite/startseite_node.html) [research projects](https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/Forschung/Projekte/Integration/integration-node.html)\n[focusing on monitoring impact](https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/Forschung/Projekte/Integration/integration-node.html) of core\nintegration activities (language acquisition, state\norientation/integration courses).\n\n- National programming and policy experiences\nfrom a range of countries that have developed\nspecific integration frameworks with inputs from\nlocal authorities and other local actors, from [the](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/627cc6d3d3bf7f052d33b06e/home-office-indicators-of-integration-framework-2019-horr109.pdf)\n[UK, to the](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/627cc6d3d3bf7f052d33b06e/home-office-indicators-of-integration-framework-2019-horr109.pdf) [Nordic countries.](https://nordicwelfare.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Nordic-integration-and-settlement-policies-for-refugees-1.pdf)\n\n- **Ireland:** The NGO [Ukrainian Action has carried](https://www.ukrainianaction.ie/)\nout [comprehensive periodic surveys tracking the](https://www.ukrainianaction.ie/research-2/ukrainian-action-2024-survey-of-ukrainians-in-ireland)\n[progress toward integration of refugees from](https://www.ukrainianaction.ie/research-2/ukrainian-action-2024-survey-of-ukrainians-in-ireland)\n[Ukraine, and offers a model example of effective](https://www.ukrainianaction.ie/research-2/ukrainian-action-2024-survey-of-ukrainians-in-ireland)\njoint data collection and subsequent advocacy\nefforts by refugee leaders and host community\nvolunteers.\n\n- **Switzerland \u2013 Staggered cohort study:** Using\nthe date of implementation of a government\nasylum seeker dispersal policy as a starting\npoint, researchers pulled together data from\nSwiss administrative records and social security\ndata provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical\nOffice to examine the labor-market outcomes\nand career trajectories of a universe of refugees\nand migrants in Switzerland over a period of 20\nyears.\n[Link to Summary](https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/videos/fcv/2022/dec/20221215-labor-market-integration-refugees-switzerland.pdf) / [Link to Complete Study](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X23001067)\n\n\n# **5. Data and achieving an evidence-** **based approach**\n\n##### **Main issues & challenges for municipalities**\n\n\n\nA community of researchers and several\ninternational studies have provided a robust\noverview on a macro level in terms of conducive\nintegration standards and national policies, such as\nthe [National Integration Evaluation Mechanism](http://www.forintegration.eu/pl/about-the-project)\n[(NIEM)](http://www.forintegration.eu/pl/about-the-project) based on a UNHCR pilot and the [Migrant](https://mipex.eu/)\n[Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). Key documents are](https://mipex.eu/)\navailable with comprehensive guidance on the\nessential building blocks for effective integration\npolicy and planning within Europe, illustrated with\nreal world in-depth case studies of city experiences\nof national integration policies. [55]\n\n\nModels to draw inspiration from for countries\nseeking to strengthen data collection and/or\nmonitoring on integration outcomes:\n\n\n[A 2018 Migration Policy Institute research](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RefugeeIntegrationCostBenefitAnalysis_Final.pdf.)\n[report](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RefugeeIntegrationCostBenefitAnalysis_Final.pdf.) [56] proposes a cost-benefit analysis model.\nData sources for measuring integration are based\non 4 categories: **Survey data** (large social surveys,\nsuch as labour force surveys), **Longitudinal surveys**\n**of immigrants** (where routes and dates of entry are\nrecorded), **Longitudinal surveys of refugees** (such\nas the German [IAB-BAMF-SOEP Refugee Survey)](https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/ProjekteReportagen/EN/Forschung/Integration/iab-bamf-soep-befragung-gefluechtete.html?nn=447028)\nand Service-specific data (such as from Public\nEmployment Services).\n\n\n\n\n- **Integration is inherently difficult to monitor**\n**and measure:** Tracking an individual\u2019s progress\nfrom arrival through full integration into the\nmarket system and a community\u2014let alone a\ncohort over an established period\u2014is a major\nundertaking, due to data protection measures in\nplace and a lack of connectedness across\nsystems.\n\n- **Representative data of forcibly displaced and**\n**stateless persons in Europe is scarce:** Public\nsurveys, censuses and administrative statistics\nusually do not disaggregate data by legal\nstatus [53] but include them under third country\n\n\n\nnationals (at best). Furthermore, forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless persons are not\nsufficiently considered in the sampling.\n\n- **Weak monitoring mechanisms for integration**\n**processes and impact:** Historically, very few\nmunicipalities compile and publish statistical\ndata used for monitoring integration. [54] Because\nauthorities have failed to build data sets of\naggregated information on previous refugee\ncohorts and their integration outcomes, there is\na lack of granular data to pinpoint which\nmeasures are effective for which group of\nrefugees, develop more systematic targeting\ncriteria, thus leading to reliance more on broader\ngood practice examples.\n\n\n\n14 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Swiss administrative records", - "confidence": 0.9593272805213928, - "start": 217, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Switzerland", - "confidence": 0.8548741340637207, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.8542198538780212, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social security\ndata", - "confidence": 0.6814765930175781, - "start": 221, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "labor-market outcomes\nand career trajectories", - "confidence": 0.697786271572113, - "start": 234, - "end": 239 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Switzerland", - "confidence": 0.84163498878479, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.8390787839889526, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "labour force surveys", - "confidence": 0.9639744758605957, - "start": 480, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "large social surveys", - "confidence": 0.6631448268890381, - "start": 474, - "end": 477 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey data", - "confidence": 0.6518734693527222, - "start": 469, - "end": 471 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Public\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9798471927642822, - "start": 629, - "end": 631 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9586991667747498, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "administrative statistics", - "confidence": 0.5765863060951233, - "start": 634, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "good practice examples", - "confidence": 0.5736127495765686, - "start": 762, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n### **UNHCR AND ITS WORK WITH MUNICIPALITIES**\n\n\n\nSupporting local governments is a key pillar\nof UNHCR\u2019s work, anchored in its global\n**[Policy on Protection, Inclusion and](https://emergency.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%2C Policy on Protection and Solutions in Urban Areas.pdf)**\n**[Solutions in Urban Areas](https://emergency.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%2C Policy on Protection and Solutions in Urban Areas.pdf)**, which is based on\nthe rationale that the world\u2019s forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless persons live\nincreasingly in urban areas, in step with\nglobal urbanization trends. [57] This same\nstrategy recognizes that urban areas\nreceiving forcibly displaced persons are\nalready struggling to provide city residents\nwith low-income housing and other essential\nurban services. Limitations in capacities\nwithin the local and public systems can\nheighten protection risks for displaced and\nstateless persons and lead to community\ntensions, adversely affecting social stability,\naccess to services, and the enjoyment of\nrights.\n\n\n**[The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/global-compact-refugees)**\naffirmed in 2018 by the UN General\nAssembly sets out a vision for more\npredictable, equitable, comprehensive and\ntimely refugee responses, and recognizes\nlocal authorities, as frontline actors, while\nhighlighting opportunities for the\nengagement of city networks.\n\n\n**[UNHCR in Europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/about-unhcr/where-we-work/europe)** acts primarily as catalyst,\nconvenor, and facilitator to support states to\nidentify and provide protection and solutions\nfor forcibly displaced and stateless\nindividuals. It aims to align national and\nregional frameworks and practices on\nrefugee protection and statelessness with\ninternational standards through advocacy\nwith and technical support to all stakeholders\nincluding regional organizations,\ngovernments, local authorities, civil society,\norganizations led by forcibly displaced and\nstateless people, private and development\nactors, and donors.\n\n\n\nIn its engagement with municipalities and\nother local actors it supports the\nenhancement of an environment conducive\nto socio-economic inclusion of refugees\nthrough: (i) evidence-based advocacy to\ntackle inclusion gaps and protection risks,\ncapacity building on refugee issues and\nfacilitating exchange of emerging practices;\n\n(ii) supporting holistic and coordinated\napproaches among municipalities and other\nlocal actors, including private sector, financial\nservice providers, civil society and refugee\nled organizations; (iii) facilitating the\ndevelopment of innovative projects, including\nthrough access to funding instruments and\nnon-traditional partners, such as the private\nsector and development actors; and (iv)\npromoting participatory approaches and\ncontributing to social cohesion. [58]\n\n\nIn recent years, UNHCR has developed\ncommon tools and methods to engage\ncoherently and add consistent value across\nthe spectrum of municipal networks and\ncoalitions.\n\n\n**[Efective Inclusion of Refugees:](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)**\n**[Participatory Approaches for Practitioners](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)**\n**[at the Local Level \u2013](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)** A toolkit Developed in\n[collaboration with the Migration Policy Group](https://www.migpolgroup.com/)\n(MPG), this toolkit can guide local actors to\nbuild participatory approaches in a manner\nthat effectively engages refugees in planning\nand implementation processes in their\nrespective cities and towns and to enhance\nsustainable solutions. It builds upon decades\nof experiences among humanitarian and\ndevelopment actors in creating programs\nthat foster inclusion and integration in host\ncommunities, along with the practical\nexperiences of municipal authorities and\nlocal actors across Europe and beyond.\n\n\n\nThe toolkit was developed jointly with local\nauthorities, service providers, civil society and\nRefugee-Led Organisations (RLOs) in seven\npilot countries, MPG and UNHCR over a period\nof 18 months. It contains a scorecard with a set\nof clear and measurable indicators through\nwhich actors can quickly identify strengths and\ngaps of their integration and inclusion\ninitiatives or existing services and to assess\nwhether these meet certain basic thresholds to\nbe classified as a good practice. In\nmunicipalities where the toolkit has been\napplied, local actors have used the scorecard\nas a guide to measure progress and assess\nimpact as they\u2019ve adapted their programs or\n\n\n\nservices to become more refugee inclusive,\nand as part of the process of developing\nproposals for external fundraising.\n\n\nThe toolkit covers 6 areas essential for\nachieving a successful and comprehensive\napproach to refugee inclusion: **Clarity on**\n**Support needed by refugees; Ensure support**\n**caters to the needs of all; Create service for**\n**the long run; Work not only for people but**\n**with them; Involve Local Communities and**\n**Support Volunteerism; Strive for**\n**Comprehensive Integration and Inclusion**\n**Support** . Since its release in April 2022, the\ntoolkit has been translated into **[24 languages.](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)**\n\n\n\n\n\n16 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **General recommendations to** **municipal authorities**\n\n\n\nhighlighting refugees contribution can bolster\nthese efforts, examples of which can be found in\n[Poland](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/news/news/study-finds-positive-impact-refugees-poland-s-economy) and [T\u00fcrkiye.](https://buildingmarkets.org/new-research-brief-the-positive-economic-contributions-of-refugees-in-turkiye/?jr=on)\n\n- **Foster more opportunities for refugees to**\n**directly interact and connect with the private**\n**secto** r, whether a municipal hub where business\nassociations, unions, refugees and the third\nsector could exchange information about\nopportunities available locally, or [virtual](https://www.unhcr.org/media/refugee-employment-platform-manual)\n[platforms](https://www.unhcr.org/media/refugee-employment-platform-manual) [62] that link supply and demand and\nconnect in-country actors who can provide\nessential support to refugees and refugeerecruiting businesses. An engaged local\nbusiness community can be effective in\nadvocating with other local companies to offer\ninternships and work opportunities to\nnewcomers. [63]\n\n- **Create spaces that foster integration and**\n**community cohesion** . Involve both refugees and\nlocal residents in neighbourhood-level projects\nand strategies to increase trust among citizens\nand the ownership of responsibilities related to\nintegration. [64]\n\n\n- **Coordinate with key refugee-hosting**\n**municipalities to assess at least a priority set of**\n**integration outcomes** (e.g. labor market\nintegration) and build a solid evidence base for\nthe public on progress towards integration, an\nactivity that is increasingly vital to counteract\ndisinformation and offset community\npolarization.\n\n\n**To academia and the private sector:**\n\n\n- **Support city or country-specific research**\n**modelled on existing studies** that have proved\nsuccessful in building the evidence base /\nbusiness case for refugee integration and\neconomic inclusion. [66]\n\n\n# **RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE** **INCLUSION OF REFUGEES IN** **MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE**\n\n\n\n\n- **Work across jurisdictions based on shared**\n**territorial characteristics or common thematic**\n**objectives.** Initiatives carried out by coalitions of\nmunicipalities (or across districts within greater\nmetropolitan areas) [59] often lends itself to more\neffective problem solving and cost saving, by\nadopting an integrated approach and achieving\neconomies of scale. [60]\n\n- **Ensure inclusive policies and programs,**\n**addressing the needs of all disadvantaged**\n**groups within the host community, including**\n**refugees** . The aforementioned [Municipalities](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)\n[Toolkit provides detailed guidance in this regard](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/handbooks-and-toolkits/effective-inclusion-refugees)\nand is available in 24 languages. [61]\n\n- **Improve dissemination of the advantages**\n**refugees bring in terms of diversity for**\n**economic development and in balancing out**\n**local demographic losses.** Governments, the\nmedia and other actors with the capacity to\ninfluence popular opinion (for examples, local\nbusiness elites stimulating change of local\nbusiness mentalities) can devise communication\nstrategies emphasizing aspects of shared\nprosperity. Evidence and data-driven arguments\n\n##### **ON DATA**\n\n\n**To national governments:**\n\n\n- **Facilitate access to administrative data**\n**disaggregated by legal status** around work,\nsocial protection, socio-economic profiles, and\neducation, among others, to enhance the\ncapacities of municipalities and regional\ninstitutions to develop, implement and monitor\ntargeted inclusion policies and programs. Ensure\nthe data may also be filtered by age, gender and\ndiversity. [65]\n\n- Facilitate the effective inclusion of refugees in\nnational surveys, such as the EU-SILC and the\nLabour Force Survey (LFS), by collecting data on\nlegal status (not just nationality) and ensuring\nthat sampling is representative for this\npopulation group.\n\n\n\n18 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n##### **ON HOUSING**\n\nThe below consists of general recommendations\nfollowed by a compendium of models/practices\nsorted into **i) flexible or medium-term solutions** and\n**ii) longer-term solutions.** While most are based on\nexamples implemented in countries across Europe\nat times of mass refugee influxes, particularly in the\nlatter case, these models are designed to address\naffordable housing shortages that can benefit\nvulnerable and disadvantaged populations\nencompassing national, as well as refugee\npopulations.\n\n\n**To national governments:**\n\n\n- **Ensure a multidisciplinary analysis of the**\n**affordable housing crisis** **[67]** **and intersectoral**\n**cooperation is in place to work toward**\n**effective outcomes** . No one-size-fits-all\napproach is possible to recommend here given\nthe diversity of country situations in Europe,\nhowever, countries that have engaged in\nsustained and intensive efforts to analyse and\ndevise effective responses are locating the pain\npoints. These include how gaps in affordable\nhousing will continue to widen without\nappropriate legislative interventions, the\nessential role of public-private partnerships to\nincrease the housing stock, and the use of EU\nfunding on a larger scale to support affordable\nhousing schemes and integration-related\nservices for refugees at the subnational level. [68]\n\n- It may be necessary to implement **a range of**\n**diverse solutions simultaneously**, such as\nassistance to support the transition from\ncollective centres to independent rental\nagreements (and with it access to decent work),\nand affordable housing models such as Social\n(or Municipal) Rental Agencies.\n\n\n**To municipalities:**\n\n\n- **Prioritize access to: mid and long-term**\n**affordable housing solutions**, including housing\nassistance and social housing schemes for\nrefugees; and to **independent, or semi-**\n\n\n\n**independent housing** for refugee households,\nensuring stays in collective accommodation are\nrestricted to limited periods of time.\n\n- **Ensure housing is accompanied by holistic**\n**inclusion/integration support** [69] sustained over a\nperiod that allows refugees to establish social\nnetworks, become proficient in the local\nlanguage, find decent work, enrol children in\nschools and access services.\n\n- **Ensure refugees most vulnerable and at-risk**\n**receive multifaceted support** to access decent\nwork and a steady income, including through\n(complementary) social protection schemes\nwhere required, literacy and language training,\neducation, and effective access to health care.\n\n- **Further sales of municipal housing should be**\n**prohibited or at least limited** to exceptional\ncircumstances. As an alternative to further\nprivatization of social housing, municipal housing\ncompanies could instead carry out projects in\nthe affordable housing sector using various\nsources of financing. [70]\n\n- **Design flexible reception systems / shelter**\nspaces that can quicky scale up and down their\ncapacity in the case of rapid large-scale arrivals.\n\n\n**Options for flexible or medium-term solutions:**\n\n\n- [Citizen Accommodation: Government-supported](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/eur-hq/_layouts/15/Doc2.aspx?action=edit&sourcedoc=%7Bcfe37b35-b188-4f9b-a87f-d0ed7ba7b7d2%7D&wdOrigin=TEAMS-MAGLEV.teamsSdk_ns.rwc&wdExp=TEAMS-TREATMENT&wdhostclicktime=1714735850953&web=1)\ncitizen accommodation has been a key\ncomponent of France\u2019s response for refugees\nfrom Ukraine. UNHCR conducted research on\nthe scheme in six cities across France and\n[published a report](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/media/hebergement-citoyen-des-refugies-ukrainiens) (available in French)\ndocumenting the components of the program\nthat made it such a success, while making\nrecommendations for further strengthening the\nmodel.\n\n- **Transformation and flex homes:** In response to\nits housing crisis, The Netherlands has scaled up\ngovernment support for temporary housing\nprojects such as modular housing and container\nunits, and repurposed buildings. These projects\nhave been increasingly made available to\nrefugees so they can leave reception centers\nsooner, or as a more stable and sustainable\nplace to live than other forms of municipal\n\n\n\ncomplementary socio-economic inclusion\nsupport services, such as employment\ncounselling. [73]\n\n- **Increase housing stock through mobilizing the**\n**potential of unused and under-utilized**\n**properties.** Examples of approaches include:\n-Renovation and repurposing of vacant housingCities in the UK have worked closely across\nstakeholders and used private sector funding to\n[bring long term empty homes back into use.](https://www.stoke.gov.uk/downloads/file/73/private_sector_empty_homes_strategy_2021-2026pdf) [74]\n\n - Levying taxes on properties that are empty or\nserve as secondary residences, as Paris\u2019 city\nadministration has done, generating a significant\nrevenue stream to support the purchase and\nconstruction of public housing. [75]\n\n - Supporting medium-sized cities with subsidies\nfor renovation of unused municipal buildings.\n\n- **Support refugees to transition to the rental**\n**market:** via provision of financial support\n(assistance with the transition and distribution of\na one-off lump sum allowance) [76] or **transferred**\n**rental agreements**, in which a local organization,\nmunicipality or social services department acts\nas tenant and signs a rental agreement with the\nlandlord, subletting the accommodation to the\nrefugee.\n\n- Effective inclusion of refugees into existing\nhousing support schemes of host communities,\nworking to remove any legal and de facto\nbarriers they face in accessing these.\n\n\n\nreception. [A government incentive scheme is](http://Nederlandhttps://www.volkshuisvestingnederland.nl/onderwerpen/versnellen-tijdelijke-huisvesting/faq#anker-4-stimuleringsregeling-flex-en-transformatiewoningen)\navailable to help municipalities finance flexible\nhousing projects or transform existing buildings.\nA toolbox with key legal and financial\ninformation has been created for municipalities,\nprovinces, housing associations, project\ndevelopers and construction companies that\nwant to contribute to temporary housing\n(projects). [71]\n\n- **Timebound amendments to regulations to**\n**accelerate housing development:** To enable\naccelerated housing development, the Mayor of\nHamburg, Germany proposed an amendment to\nthe Federal Building Code to allow the\nconstruction of temporary refugee\naccommodation in non-residential areas,\nincluding industrial areas, car parks and\ncommercial sites, for a period of three to five\nyears. [72]\n\n\n**Options for long-term solutions**\n\n\nTo support **long-term housing solutions,** local\nauthorities can consider several practical measures,\nincluding repurposing public facilities, cooperation\nwith private sector actors and schemes to support\nthe transition into independent rental agreements.\n\n\n- **Affordable Housing Models:** Trial or (where\nthese have already been piloted successfully)\nscale-up innovative affordable housing schemes\nimplemented by NGOs and municipalities, such\nas **social** **rental agencies (SRAs** ). These act as a\nmediating agent between landlords (private or\nmunicipal) and persons in housing need. They\nbenefit local authorities by providing an\nalternative to council housing, reducing social\nhousing waiting lists, and supporting the needs\nof disadvantaged groups by offering\n\n\n\n20 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n##### **ON FUNDING**\n\n**To national governments** :\n\n\n- The state budget (whether from national or from\nEU sources) should proportionately finance\ntasks of local governments of municipalities\nhosting large numbers of refugees, providing\nrobust multi-year budgets for local municipal\nadministrations to provide integration support.\n\n\n**To the European Commission:**\n\n\n- Develop mechanisms for systematic data\ncollection on municipal housing programs based\non funding sources other than government\nsubsidies. These include those derived from\nissuing bonds (income or regular) by communal\ncompanies, direct use of international financial\ninstitution loans by cities, and loans from\ndevelopment agencies, local, regional, or\nnational loan funds. Currently these are not\nmonitored systematically and possibilities for\nexpansion/scaling-up with actors involved\nremain untapped.\n\n- Continue and expand the practices of including\nearmarked budget for urban investments and\ngreater flexibility to combine different EU funds\nto focus on integrated urban development and\npromote metropolitan thinking, both of which\nhave been lauded as positive developments by\nmayors in several EU countries. [77]\n\n- Conduct a stocktaking exercise of the progress\nmade in line with some of the recommendations/\nguidelines published as part of flagship migrant/\nrefugee inclusion/integration initiatives (Urban\nAgenda, Funding Recommendation Toolkit) in\nrelation to meaningful access to funding\n\n\n##### **ON OPPORTUNITY DECENTRALIZATION**\n\n\n\nmechanisms, with a representative selection of\nemblematic municipalities of various population\nsizes throughout Europe.\n\n- Consider supporting new policies and funding\noptions for local administrations of EU candidate\ncountries, which could be administered by\nsupporting cross-border twinning agreements\nwith municipalities situated within and outside of\nthe EU.\n\n\n**To municipal or regional governments (or strategic**\n**microregions):**\n\n\n- Create portfolios of investment opportunities [78]\nwith information and data on business and\ninvestment projects by region and sector to\nattract private investment.\n\n\n**To municipal governments:**\n\n\n- **For smaller municipalities,** **[consider](https://rm.coe.int/imc-intermunicipal-co-operation/1680746ec3)**\n**[intermunicipal cooperation](https://rm.coe.int/imc-intermunicipal-co-operation/1680746ec3)** to raise private\ninvestors\u2019 interest. Investors often seek larger\neconomies of scale and more integrated\ndevelopment that would make their investments\nmore viable.\n\n\n**To development actors and IFIs:**\n\n\n- In collaboration with relevant municipalities,\nassess the business case and develop financial\ninstruments to encourage private sector\ninvestment for enhancing housing stock for\nrefugees and host communities in areas with\nhousing shortages.\n\n\n\n**To national governments** :\n\n\n- **Boost the current potential of municipalities**\n**with promising integration prospects:**\nStrategically selected municipalities or regions\n(smaller/peri-urban municipalities in relatively\nclose proximity to larger cities), can be\nsupported with area-based mapping of housing,\ninfrastructure and income-generating\nopportunities (including school places, transport\nfacilities, access to services, employment\nopportunities, incentives from local businesses,\nand settling-in support). These can later be\npromoted among refugee networks/\ncommunities as integration support packages to\nattract interest in these alternative destination\ntowns/cities.\n\n- **Facilitate data-sharing mechanisms** through\nwhich local governments, NGOs and businesses\ncan share, with higher levels of government,\ninformation on their integration/absorption\ncapacities.\n\n- **Boost the longer-term integration potential of**\n**municipalities:** Stakeholders from across levels\nof government, policy sectors and business,\nacademia, and civil society should be proactive\nin their development of [long-term regional](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/rethinking-regional-attractiveness-in-the-new-global-environment_a9448db4-en#page41)\n\n\n\n**To the Private Sector**\n\n\n- **Engage with National Associations of Local**\n**Authorities:** These associations are a strategic\nentry point offering collective support to\nmunicipalities. Through its [formal collaboration](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anci.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FMoU-ANCI-UNHCR-ENG-1.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cdebonis%40unhcr.org%7Cd0afc89da3c04d132fd208dc7012cce4%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638508473246480030%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yGPHihbri0PI90a1V%2BMpAap7MkH7bWgoQOJCWlAwvCQ%3D&reserved=0)\n[agreement](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anci.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FMoU-ANCI-UNHCR-ENG-1.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cdebonis%40unhcr.org%7Cd0afc89da3c04d132fd208dc7012cce4%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638508473246480030%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yGPHihbri0PI90a1V%2BMpAap7MkH7bWgoQOJCWlAwvCQ%3D&reserved=0) with the National Association of\nItalian Municipalities (ANCI) UNHCR has been\nable to amplify its initiatives and activities in\nsupport of refugee inclusion, reaching a much\nlarger pool of government, business and\ncommunity leaders in towns and cities\nthroughout Italy (see emerging practices\n\n\n\n[attractiveness strategies.](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/rethinking-regional-attractiveness-in-the-new-global-environment_a9448db4-en#page41) [79] Although only a small\nminority of refugees can currently be\nencouraged to move to smaller cities, future\narrivals, including within large-scale influxes may\nbe drawn to less popular destinations if\nopportunities are incrementally decentralized,\nsupport infrastructure improves, and diasporas\nexpand in non-metropolitan urban areas.\n\n- **Enhance geographically targeted mechanisms**\n**for matching refugee skills and profiles with**\n**economic and job opportunities:** Investments\nby governments in coordinated efforts and more\nmethodical matching of individual skills profiles\nwith labour market opportunities of specific\nmunicipalities is a complex undertaking, but one\nthat is likely to pay off in the long run. Linked to\nthe recommendation above, OECD projections\nindicate that by 2050 half of Europe\u2019s\neconomies will need to manage decline and\nrelated labour shortages in remote regions. [80]\n\n- **Strengthen rural-urban/metropolitan linkages:**\nWhere such a coordination mechanism is not in\nplace, convene a \u2018Labour Market Region\u2019\nobservatory comprised of municipalities or\nregions and the main representatives of the\nprivate sector of each. [81]\n\n\n##### **ON ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS**\n\n\n\nsection). Associations can also provide\nunparalleled insights and advocacy\nopportunities, such as Poland\u2019s Union of Polish\nMetropolises and the [research it produced in the](https://metropolie.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/UMP_raport_Ukraina_ANG_20220429_final.pdf)\n[near aftermath of the Ukraine infux](https://metropolie.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/UMP_raport_Ukraina_ANG_20220429_final.pdf) to support\nevidence-based arguments for urgent\ninvestment in Polish cities. [82]\n\n\n**To the European Commission**\n\n\n- **Channel more technical support and funding**\n**toward concrete outcomes of city-to-city**\n**partnerships** : [83] Knowledge exchanges, networks\n\n\n\n22 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and forums allow municipalities and other local\npartners to exchange experiences and best\npractices, however mechanisms to support their\nimplementation from one country context to\nanother tend to be weak and often lack followthrough. Municipal administrations require a\nperiod of sustained technical support to facilitate\nthe transfer or scaling up of practices on to their\n\n##### **Conclusion**\n\n\nMunicipalities lead the \u2018sprint\u2019 of refugee reception,\nand the ensuing \u2018marathon\u2019 of integration. [84] Those\nwith long-standing experience in hosting and\nintegrating refugees (as well as migrants) have\nconsistently built upon existing mechanisms to scale\nup their responses to be better prepared should\ntheir need to integrate a larger population increase.\n\n\nBased on UNHCR\u2019s experience, municipal\nadministrations with multi-linguistic staff bases (that\ninclude refugees among their personnel), wellestablished mechanisms of co-ordination with\nNGOs on provision of language classes, existing\nagreements with housing associations, and strong\nmechanisms of dialogue with the private sector to\nswiftly introduce newcomers to local job market\nopportunities, tend to experience success with\nrefugee integration. [85]\n\n\nThe sooner a city starts with a strong investment to\nbuild its integration ecosystem and adopt a\ncollaborative approach, the more a self-reinforcing\neffect can commence [86], and a municipality can\n\n\n\nown local contexts. The Council of European\nMunicipalities and Regions (CEMR) has\ndocumented the value that can emerge out of\n[town twinning beyond the exchange of best](https://ccre.org/img/uploads/piecesjointe/filename/Twinning_Report_CEMR_2023.pdf)\npractices to the joint development of concrete\nactivities between partners, tackling specific\nchallenges faced by local and regional\ngovernments.\n\n\nincrease its preparedness for future arrivals and\nlarge population movements, while also contributing\nto local development and refugee empowerment. [87]\n\n\nWhile refugees will continue to concentrate in large\nurban centres, which are home to longstanding\ndiaspora communities able to support socioeconomic inclusion, the effective inclusion of a\nrefugee household is in many cases more rapidly\nachievable in less densely populated municipalities\nwhere services are less saturated, and local\ngovernments are supported by closely-knit\ncommunities, civil society organizations and an\nengaged business community facing acute hiring\nneeds \u2013 all of whom are increasingly willing to\ncollaborate on integration efforts.\n\n\nTapping into the proven capacities of European\ncountries to coordinate and operationalize effective\nresponses, they could centre part of their efforts\ntoward how to incrementally harness the potential\nof medium and smaller urban centres \u2013 and put in\nplace the necessary support systems so refugee\ncommunities are among the groups who opt to set\ndown roots there.\n\n\n# **PROMISING PRACTICES IN EUROPE**\n\n\n\n24 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n**Country** **Municipalities** **Area** **In short** **Further detail**\n\n\n\n[UNHCR in partnership with Habitat for Humanity](https://www.habitat.org/where-we-build/poland) support\nnational and local governments to increase their capacity to\noffer secure, cost-effective, and dignified housing solutions\nto vulnerable populations in Poland. This partnership\nendeavours to empower Poland to effectively address\nhousing issues and facilitate the integration of refugees\nthrough sustainable housing solutions.\n\n\n\n**Poland**\n\n\n\nMultiple, in the\nMazowieckie,\n\u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie,\nPodkarpackie,\nMa\u0142opolskie,\nSilesia, Lubelskie\n[voivodeships](https://www.bing.com/search?q=voivodeship&FORM=AWRE)\n(provinces).\n\n\n\n**Affordable**\n**Housing**\n**Solutions**\n\n\n\n**Bulgaria** Nation-wide **Housing** National-level mapping of the state of municipal housing\nstock and making information and related analysis publicly\navailable on a [\u2019Municipal Housing\u2019 Platform.](https://obshtinskidom.bg/dokladi/)\n\n\n\nThe partnership focuses on:\n\n\n- increasing the availability of social rental apartments while training, mentoring and fostering collaboration among\nlocal authorities and organizations. By advocating for the wider application of the [Social Rental Agency (SRA)](https://www.habitat.org/emea/stories/introducing-social-rental-agencies-poland)\nmodel, this partnership aspires to contribute to the mitigation of housing challenges faced by persons in need of\nhousing in Poland, including refugees;\n\n\n- conducting research on private sector-driven affordable housing models and/or temporary housing solutions and\nidentifying key enabling requirements, such as necessary legislative changes or potential incentive schemes **.**\n\n\n[At the end of 2022, Shelter for Humanity Foundation/Habitat Bulgaria](https://www.habitat.org/where-we-build/bulgaria) in collaboration with the Ministry of Regional\nDevelopment and Public Works (MRDP) conducted a study of the management of the municipal housing stock in\nBulgaria, obtaining data from all 265 municipalities in Bulgaria, including all district administrations of Sofia Municipality.\nThe report revealed that close to 40% of Bulgaria\u2019s housing stock is unoccupied, while municipalities own only 0,8% of\nall housing units in the country.\n\n\nBy identifying priorities and commitments from cities, the Charter aims to strengthen collaboration between\nmunicipalities on refugees\u2019 integration, encouraging the exchange of practices and the development of new services\nand new initiatives. Municipalities and UNHCR meet regularly in a working group to address common issues, and a\nnational joint event is organized once a year. UNHCR has recently signed a [Memorandum of Understanding with the](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anci.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FMoU-ANCI-UNHCR-ENG-1.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cdebonis%40unhcr.org%7Cd0afc89da3c04d132fd208dc7012cce4%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638508473246480030%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yGPHihbri0PI90a1V%2BMpAap7MkH7bWgoQOJCWlAwvCQ%3D&reserved=0)\nNational Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI), which will promote the signature of the Charter by further\nmunicipalities.\n\n\n_Spazio comune_ are led by Municipalities, with the support of UNHCR. Integration Charter (IC) signatory cities have\nbeen encouraged to join the programme, and centres are now open in Bari, Naples, Rome, Turin and Milan. Spazio\nComune centres host legal, municipal registration, employment, healthcare, and housing services or information points.\nThey also host UNHCR projects Community Matching, PartecipAzione, Welcome [88], Community Outreach Volunteers,\nand facilitate connections to other projects and services. Under the model, municipalities develop a governance\nsystem to streamline intake, case management and referrals, aiming to ensure holistic attention to the needs of each\nperson or family.\n\n\n\n**[Integration Charter](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHYF3vynatVo&data=05%7C02%7Cdebonis%40unhcr.org%7Cd0afc89da3c04d132fd208dc7012cce4%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638508473246469364%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=GmRDgOWMbeMZ7g3pTEdd1Y1augjcMgYmO7%2FMeOzRTU0%3D&reserved=0)** - signed by cities committed to the\nsocial, cultural, and economic integration of asylum seekers\nand refugees. Signed first by six major Italian cities: Bari,\nMilan, Naples, Palermo, Rome, and Turin and later by the\nmunicipalities of Bologna, Genoa, and Ravenna.\n\n**[Spazio Comune](https://www.unhcr.org/it/spazio-comune/)** are \u201cintegration hubs\u201d created with the\ngoal of bringing key local institutions and service providers\ntogether to help refugees access information and services\nto plan their integration into Italian society.\n\n\n\n**Italy**\n\n\n\nBari, Milan,\nNaples, Palermo,\nRome, Turin,\nBologna, Genoa,\nRavenna\n\n\n\n**Holistic**\n**integration**\n**support**\n\n\n\n26 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n**Country** **Municipalities** **Area** **In short** **Further detail**\n\n\n\nThe **Developing Intercultural Integration Policies** project, focused on fostering an inclusive society through meaningful\nlocal stakeholder involvement. Key achievements included establishing intercultural councils and launching initiatives\nlike language courses and vocational training for immigrants. The project has benefited from the active role of the Union\nof Cyprus Municipalities (UCM) and Union of Cyprus Communities (UCC), leveraging their expertise to address\noperational and legal challenges. Moreover, Regional Intercultural Networks in each district facilitated the mapping of\ncivil society landscapes and created actionable two-year plans, enhancing community outreach. Although this project\nhas concluded, a new initiative known as the 2023 [Enhancing Structures and Policies for Intercultural Integration in](https://www.coe.int/en/web/interculturalcities/intercultural-integration-in-cyprus)\n[Cyprus](https://www.coe.int/en/web/interculturalcities/intercultural-integration-in-cyprus) [89] is now underway, building on its foundations and continuing with strategies like regular thematic and strategy\nreview meetings, sustainable funding mechanisms, and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness and longevity\nof intercultural integration efforts.\n\n\nThis initiative is part of the transition strategy of Local Refugee Coordination Forums, which were established during the\nonset of the Ukrainian refugee influx to promote an area-based approach to humanitarian coordination. As the situation\nstabilizes and the response shifts to the local integration of refugees, UNHCR and Refugee Response partners are\nworking in close collaboration with 8 municipalities to develop local action plans to galvanize support for projects and\nactivities fostering the integration of refugees in the communities hosting them. This initiative aims to promote resilience\nfor all by supporting priorities set by the communities themselves, reflecting municipal and regional development plans,\nand advocating for refugee inclusion in new development plans in construction. As part of this, UNHCR has set up 10\nCommunity Service Centres in municipalities with a significant refugee population. These centres serve as safe spaces\nwhere refugees and local communities can access legal orientation, skills training, and registration for financial aid, as\nwell as a variety of recreational and cultural activities.\n\n\nDuring the past ten years, Baltic States have continuously improved integration policies by developing specific nationallevel programs and action plans and capacity-strengthening for local authorities. In addition to the For-In project, a PanBaltic initiative for integration actors has helped to facilitate cooperation among local practitioners as well as national\nintegration actors in the Baltic Countries.\nFurther information:\n\n\n- [Two-year integration project kicks of across the Nordic and Baltic region](https://www.unhcr.org/neu/79747-two-year-integration-project-kicks-off-across-the-nordic-and-baltic-region.html)\n\n\n- [Nordic-Baltic project 2021-2023 FOR-IN](https://www.norden.ee/en/regional-cooperation/population-development/nordic-baltic-project-2021-2023-for-in)\n\n\n- [Pan-Baltic Experience Exchange Seminar in Vilnius](https://providus.lv/en/raksti/pan-baltic-experience-exchange-seminar-in-vilnius/)\n\n\n- [Best practices in hosting Ukrainian refugees in the Baltic States](https://providus.lv/en/projekti/best-practices-in-hosting-ukrainian-refugees-in-the-baltic-states/)\n\n\n\n**Cyprus** Limassol\n\n\n**Moldova** Multiple\n\n\n\n**Coordination,**\n**Access to**\n**funding,**\n**Developing**\n**holistic**\n**integration**\n**support**\n\n\n**Holistic**\n**integration**\n**support /**\n**Enhancing**\n**municipal-level**\n**integration**\n**capacity /**\n**Effective**\n**inclusion of**\n**refugees/host**\n**communities in**\n**planning and**\n**service delivery**\n\n\n**Multilevel**\n**coordination**\n**to enhance**\n**the integration**\n**potential of**\n**municipalities**\n\n\n\nCreation of intercultural councils, policies and regional\nnetworks for effective long-term integration and access to\nsustainable funding mechanisms.\n\n\n**Cities of Solidarity \u2013** promoting social cohesion and the\nsocioeconomic integration of refugees in municipalities of\nMoldova.\n\n\n**Project For-In,** built on wide regional and country-specific\npartnerships aiming to capitalize on existing initiatives in\nthe Baltic countries and extensive experience in the Nordic\ncountries, to strengthen capacities of local authorities, civil\nsociety, refugee and immigrant communities and other\nintegration actors.\n\n\n\n**Baltic and**\n**Nordic**\n**Countries**\n\n\n\nMultiple\n\n\n\n28 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 29\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n**Country** **Municipalities** **Area** **In short** **Further detail**\n\n\n\nBy drawing on first-hand lessons learned, engaging in\nknowledge exchanges with regional peers, and dedicating\nwell-resourced multi-disciplinary teams, the Akmene District\nMunicipality has developed highly advanced community\noutreach and integration support and monitoring capacities.\n\n\nInclusive Integration in the **Jakobstad Region**\n\n\nThrough proactive leadership responsive to refugees\u2019\nintentions to remain in the country, municipalities of Slovakia\nhave set up dedicated integration departments / integration\nservice hubs within their municipal structures.\n\n\nThis metropolitan-level community-led centre has\ntransformed a structure set up as part of the Ukraine\nemergency response into a hub for facilitating refugees\u2019\neconomic inclusion, community engagement and social\ncohesion.\n\n\n\nStarting with _ad hoc_ activities from 2014 based on reception of Ukrainians arriving from Crimea, the municipality has\ndeveloped a systematic approach [by appointing a dedicated team and integration coordinator. This has been solidified under](https://www.akmene.lt/naujienos/apzvelgta-karo-pabegeliu-situacija/4652)\nthe leadership of mayors and vice-mayors engaged in Nordic-Baltic cooperation of integration actors who undertook study visits\nto Finland and Sweden to further strengthen competencies and learn about available tools and methodologies in the Nordic\ncountries. The dedicated team encompasses various fields and departments including social services, health care, education,\nwelfare, IT and communication, employment agency, business association and local NGOs. A specific outreach roadmap has\nbeen prepared by engaging six elders ( _seni_ _\u016b_ _nijos)_ across the municipality. It has helped to engage Ukrainian families as well as\nestablish contacts for individual monitoring of integration outcomes and further response. [Press coverage of Ukrainians making](https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/merdejusi-naujoji-akmene-atsigauna-tapusi-karo-isvytu-ukrainieciu-namais-56-607347?utm_medium=copied)\n[Akmene their home.](https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/merdejusi-naujoji-akmene-atsigauna-tapusi-karo-isvytu-ukrainieciu-namais-56-607347?utm_medium=copied)\n\n\nThe collaboration between the 5 municipalities began in 2010 with the aim to concentrate comprehensively and regionally\non refugee reception and integration. [90] The Integration Services and reception of refugees are based on (i) a common\ncooperation agreement, which sets out the framework for how the region operates on integration matters; and (ii) on the\nIntegration program for the period of 2022-2025, which has been approved by the councils in the municipalities in the\nregion. Integration efforts in the region are complemented with projects focusing on various matters, including [labour](https://en.jakobstad.fi/new-residents/integration-of-immigrants-in-the-jakobstads-region/projects/integration-works)\n[market inclusion.](https://en.jakobstad.fi/new-residents/integration-of-immigrants-in-the-jakobstads-region/projects/integration-works)\n\n\n**In Slovakia**, municipalities have been instrumental in the response to refugees arriving from Ukraine, as well as those in\nmixed and onward movements. The capital **Bratislava** has notably assumed a proactive role in the coordination of the\n**[Assistance Centre Bottova (Blue Dot Hub),](https://help.unhcr.org/slovakia/services/blue-dots/)** bringing under one roof a wide spectrum of actors such as the governmental\nauthorities, including the Border and Alien Police responsible for issuing the TP documentation, the Migration Office\n(Ministry of Interior), international actors, including UNHCR providing registration and protection counseling, and numerous\nnational non-governmental organizations providing support and assistance to refugees in areas such as accommodation,\nhealth care, child care, psychosocial support, legal counselling, community activities, educational courses, etc. As a\nresponse to the increased demand for coordination and support activities concentrated on needs of refugees, the city of\nBratislava established a **new integration department** within its municipal structures. Several other municipalities across\nSlovakia have dedicated **personnel, including Ukrainians, to coordinate the refugee response at the municipal level** .\nIn this regard, UNHCR\u2019s engagement with municipalities across Slovakia became key in ensuring refugees have access\nto social and other services at the local level. Through its proactive local leadership, the **city of Zilina** (northern Slovakia)\nis operating an integration and community centre (\u201cLighthouse\u201d), which will act as a hub for community-based protection\nand inclusion activities and services.\n\n\nAMDDB CATTIA/KATYA (Metropolitan Agency for Durable Development Brasov) is an NGO organized as an intercommunity\ndevelopment agency, founded by cities, towns and villages located in the Brasov metropolitan area. During the emergency\nresponse (April \u201822 - August \u201823) it functioned as a Blue Dot offering different types of services ranging from basic needs\nto information and counseling (with obtaining temporary permit, access to healthcare), child-friendly space etc. It now\nfunctions as a community-type centre with focus on counseling, livelihoods and economic inclusion services, educational\nand child protection activities, and social cohesion activities.\n\n\n\n**Lithuania** **Akmene**\n\n\n\n**Holistic**\n**integration**\n**support, Effective**\n**monitoring of**\n**integration**\n**outcomes.**\n\n\n**Long-term**\n**intermunicipal**\n**collaboration on**\n**integration**\n\n\n**Holistic**\n**integration**\n**support**\n\n\n**Holistic**\n**integration**\n**support,**\n\n\n\n**Finland**\n\n\n\nJakobstad,\nLarsmo, Kronoby,\nNykarleby,\nPeders\u00f6re\n\n\n\n**Slovakia** Bratislava, Zilina\n\n\n**Romania** Brasov\n\n\n\n30 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 31\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n##### **Endnotes**\n\n1 For UNHCR, the term inclusion refers to the practice of ensuring that forcibly displaced and stateless persons\nhave access to and are included in host government systems on par with nationals and have equal access to\nthe services and protection that these systems afford to their citizens. This encompasses access to affordable\nhousing, documentation, decent work, education, health, social protection and social care services, housing,\nfinance, entrepreneurship, and skills recognition, and wider economic opportunities. In terms of integration,\nUNHCR continues to rely on ExCom Conclusion No. 104, which defines integration as \u201ca dynamic and multifaceted\ntwo-way process leading to full and equal membership in society. This includes preparedness by refugee communities to adapt to host societies without giving up cultural identity, and the receiving communities and institutions\nequally ready to welcome refugees and meet the needs of a diverse population. The process is complex and\ngradual, comprising legal, economic, social, and cultural dimensions.\u201d This policy brief uses the terms integration/inclusion interchangeably for two reasons: While integration is a [durable solution](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/build-better-futures/solutions) for refugees\u2014and implies\na permanent stay in the host country\u2014the inclusion of forcibly displaced and stateless persons upon arrival to a\nhost country will limit the negative effects of dependency, facilitate eventual local integration or enable them to\nlive with dignity and a degree of normalcy pending an eventual return to countries of origin.\n\n\n2 For the purpose of this policy brief, the term \u2018refugee\u2019 may include refugees, subsidiary protection holders,\n\ntemporary protection holders, asylum seekers and other persons in need of international protection. While the\nprimary target group are refugees, many aspects of this brief equally apply for the inclusion of internally displaced\nand stateless persons. See: [UNHCR statistics in Europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/europe-figures-glance)\n\n\n3 Coverage of the decline in the size of working population of most countries of the European Union, among\n\nother factors, is discussed in: [The Loss of Workforce Potential | Population Europe (population-europe.eu). For](https://population-europe.eu/research/popdigests/loss-workforce-potential#:~:text=In the years to come%2C the size of,the total volume of Gross Domestic Product %28GDP%29.)\na summary of the crucial role refugees and migrants have played in sustaining the world of work in Europe, see\n[Cities welcoming refugees and migrants (UNESCO, 2016) (p. 12-15)](https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000246558&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_4b209dce-2506-44e1-aa4a-de3887982058%3F_%3D246558eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000246558/PDF/246558eng.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A69%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D)\n\n\n4 \u2018\u2019Local\u2019\u2019 level is understood as municipal administration or actor, however regional levels will be highlighted\n\nwhere relevant.\n\n\n5 T\u00fcrkiye continues to be one of the largest refugee-hosting countries worldwide, with 3.3 million refugees by\n\nend-2023. Germany is the second largest refugee-hosting country in the Europe region and the fourth largest\nglobally, hosting 2.6 million refugees by the end of 2023. See [Europe | UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/where-we-work/europe)\n\n\n6 [UNHCR Global Trends Report 2023](https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends)\n\n\n7 The diverse achievements of local authorities, civil society and refugee-led groups amidst complex contexts have\nbeen richly documented by scholars examining city/municipal case studies in [Milan, Barcelona,](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13608746.2019.1637598) [Utrecht,](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-25666-1_12?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot) [Thessa-](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1840969?src=recsys)\n[loniki](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1840969?src=recsys) and different locations of [Wales, to name only a few. The](https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/2002) [Urban Agenda for the EU: Multilevel Governance](https://www.urbanagenda.urban-initiative.eu/)\n[in Action also summarizes several examples.](https://www.urbanagenda.urban-initiative.eu/)\n\n\n8 \u2018\u2019Local Multilateralism\u2019\u2019 and \u2018\u2019City Diplomacy\u2019\u2019 are relatively recent concepts reflecting the increased collaboration\n\nof cities across networks that resemble global governance organizations. These are often led by mayors seeking\ndirect interaction with international peers and greater representation and influence for their constituents over\nhigh-level discussions and policymaking on areas such as sustainable development, infrastructure, public safety,\nmigration and climate change. See [Council on Foreign Relations](https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/new-city-multilateralism) and [Consultation Mechanisms - United Cities &](https://uclg.org/consultation-mechanism/)\n[Local Governments](https://uclg.org/consultation-mechanism/)\n\n\n9 See: [Impacts of Territorial Flows of Refugees on Europe (2019) p. 121-122,](https://archive.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/MIGRARE_Final_Report.pdf) [Europe\u2019s Refugees: Refocusing on Inte-](https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/europe/europes refugees refocusing on integration/mgi-europes-refugees-refocusing-on-integration-may-2018.pdf)\n\n[gration (McKinsey, 2018), & Cities and Refugees - The German Experience (Brookings, 2016)](https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/europe/europes refugees refocusing on integration/mgi-europes-refugees-refocusing-on-integration-may-2018.pdf)\n\n\n10 The most recent example being refugees from Ukraine, most of which have remained in large urban agglomera\ntions. See [The State of Regions and Cities, 2023 Annual Report](https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/brochures/Documents/EU%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20State%20of%20Regions%20and%20Cities%202023/4892%20-%202023%20Annual%20Report%20EN.pdf) (p. 18)\n\n\n11 [Whole-COMM is a multi-year research and policymaking initiative on integration in small and medium-sized towns](https://whole-comm.eu/)\n\nand rural areas in the EU. A recent output is a [policy brief setting out a series of recommendations to enable small](https://whole-comm.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Final-Policy-Brief.pdf)\nand medium-sized towns and rural areas in the EU to overcome obstacles to meaningfully participate in EU policy\ndesign, access funding schemes, and strengthen the technical capacity of local authorities on integration, among\nother key areas\n\n\n\n13 [Visegrad Countries National Integration Evaluation Mechanism](http://www.forintegration.eu/pl/v4niem)\n\n\n14 [Programme Emile](https://www.programme-emile.org/) was developed as a [cross sectoral initiative to encourage both French and migrant residents to](https://www.programme-emile.org/partenaires-programme-emile/)\n\nmove out of the Paris region.\n\n\n15 The Western Balkans, namely Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and\n\nKosovo* (Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). See [Strategy for UNHCR Engagement in mixed movement in the](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/91810)\n[Western Balkans](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/91810)\n\n\n16 The Government Decree No. 1756-L (12/Oct/2023) provides additional remuneration of 30% of the standard\n\nsalary to refugee teachers employed in schools of Armenia, as well as an additional AMD 50,000 (USD 120) to\nteachers employed in specific provinces. This program targets over 1,500 teachers from the Karabakh region.\nSimilarly, medical personnel taking up employment in medical facilities in provinces upon the referral of the\nMinistry of Health receive assistance in the amount of a three-fold of minimum wage for 6 months, in addition to\ntheir salary.\n\n\n17 [In 2023, Dunaivtsi, was selected as a grantee of the Global Cities Fund for Migrants and Refugees (GCF),](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/gcf/) the Mayors Migration\n\nCouncil\u2019s instrument to channel international funding directly to cities to implement inclusive projects of their own design. See\n[Dunaivtsi, Ukraine: A Home Away from Harm - Mayors Migration Council](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/dunaivtsi-project/)\n\n\n18 Municipalities of Ukraine overall currently display vastly differentiated needs and local integration prospects for the country\u2019s\n\n3.6 million IDPs. They will require strengthened local self-government capacities and access to sustainable finance to drive\nthe country\u2019s eventual recovery and reconstruction. To understand how the war has affected Ukrainian municipalities, OECD\nproposes several categories, summarized on page 68 of the following document: [Rebuilding Ukraine by Reinforcing Regional](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/63a6b479-en.pdf?expires=1716384925&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=44D744F96A7F60D4E3C26D38D6110CF3)\n[and Municipal Governance.](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/63a6b479-en.pdf?expires=1716384925&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=44D744F96A7F60D4E3C26D38D6110CF3)\n\n\n19 The responses of close to 100 mayors, summarized in the [2024 Eurocities Mayors Pulse Survey, provide a more](https://monitor.eurocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Eurocities-Pulse-Mayors-Survey-2024-1.pdf)\n\ndetailed picture of specific needs and goals.\n\n\n20 Impacts of Territorial Flows into Europe (2019, p. 79). Presentation of report, synthesis of findings and full research\n\n[report and individual case studies available at the following link: MIGRARE - Impacts of Refugee Flows to Territo-](https://archive.espon.eu/refugee)\n[rial Development in Europe](https://archive.espon.eu/refugee)\n\n\n21 In April 2022, the Union representing mayors from 12 central cities and metropolitan areas of Poland published\n\nresearch findings to support calls for an urgent boost to their local budgets from the central government, highlighting that hosting refugees from Ukraine rests almost entirely on the shoulders of local self-government.\n\n\n22 [Research for REGI Committee - Social Challenges in Cities (europa.eu) (2022, p. 72)](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2022/699631/IPOL_STU(2022)699631_EN.pdf)\n\n\n23 [2023 Eurocities Pulse Mayors Survey: A state of cities report through the voices of mayors, (2023, p. 17)](https://monitor.eurocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Eurocities-Pulse-FINAL.pdf)\n\n\n24 [Municipal Finance for Migrants &Refugees: The State Of Play - An Overview of the Barriers Facing City Govern-](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MMC-Report-Municipal-Finance-for-Migrants-and-Refugees-Pages-2.pdf)\n\n[ments and a Path Forward For Building More Inclusive Cities & How the EU can work better with cities - Eurocities](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MMC-Report-Municipal-Finance-for-Migrants-and-Refugees-Pages-2.pdf)\n(2023)\n\n\n25 For more general guidance, see [Brief: Municipal Finance for Migrants and Refugees: The State of Play - Mayors](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/muni-fi-report/)\n\n[Migration Council](https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/muni-fi-report/)\n\n\n26 The crisis of housing affordability and shortages has been the subject of multiple reports, regional fora, and multi\nstakeholder urban initiatives for well over a decade now, reflecting its status as a longstanding structural problem\nfor states throughout Europe. In 2016, 80% of people were already reporting challenges in finding affordable\naccommodation in major European cities. [Policy Guidelines for Afordable Housing in European Cities (2018)](https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/files/ged/policy_guidelines_for_affordable_housing_2018.pdf)\n\n\n27 See The State of Housing in Europe, 2023 (p. 22-23).\n\n\n28 The issue has continued to gain importance in the [2023](https://monitor.eurocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Eurocities-Pulse-FINAL.pdf) and [2024 Eurocities Pulse Mayors Surveys. When asked](https://monitor.eurocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Eurocities-Pulse-Mayors-Survey-2024-1.pdf)\n\nin the 2024 survey what they would like to see in the next EU budget, there were two noticeable differences: the\nadded prominence of housing and the creation of quality jobs and skills.\n\n\n29 Other factors include increased costs of housing development, land scarcity in major urban agglomerations,\n\ndemographic changes, and rising interest rates. See: [Building for a better tomorrow: Policies to make housing](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=1060_1060075-0ejk3l4uil&title=ENG_OECD-affordable-housing-policies-brief)\n[more afordable (OECD, 2021).](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=1060_1060075-0ejk3l4uil&title=ENG_OECD-affordable-housing-policies-brief)\n\n\n\n12 With a Regional Bureau in Geneva, and office presence in 36 European countries, [UNHCR Europe covers 49](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/about-unhcr/where-we-work/europe)\n\nStates, from Iceland to Azerbaijan, including 27 EU Member States, and one territory in the Europe region.\n\n\n32 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 33\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics in Europe", - "confidence": 0.9324353337287903, - "start": 359, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - 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"end": 1511 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9131577014923096, - "start": 1510, - "end": 1511 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Eurocities", - "confidence": 0.7608075737953186, - "start": 1507, - "end": 1508 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.991800844669342, - "start": 1506, - "end": 1507 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6285207867622375, - "start": 1506, - "end": 1507 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurocities Pulse Mayors Surveys", - "confidence": 0.8917937278747559, - "start": 1732, - "end": 1736 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5821268558502197, - "start": 1745, - "end": 1746 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8902869820594788, - "start": 1731, - "end": 1732 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9374241232872009, - "start": 1731, - "end": 1732 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n\n30 While UNHCR recognizes that authorities continue to face vast challenges relating to reception and collective\n\naccommodation, as a brief focusing on integration and longer-term inclusion, information on medium and longterm housing strategies has been prioritized. [EASO Guidance on reception conditions: operational standards and](https://euaa.europa.eu/guidance-reception)\n[indicators can provide support to Member States in the implementation of the key provisions of the Reception](https://euaa.europa.eu/guidance-reception)\nConditions Directive (2013/33/EU) to inform the planning and in running of reception facilities (along with [comple-](https://euaa.europa.eu/publications/guidance-reception-operational-standards-and-indicators)\n[mentary 2024 guidance). Due to the unprecedented expansion of collective government-run facilities following](https://euaa.europa.eu/publications/guidance-reception-operational-standards-and-indicators)\nthe escalation of the war in Ukraine, humanitarian agencies and national authorities developed [Standards for](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/standards-collective-centers-and-communal-housing-shelter-and-protection-guidance-poland-may-2023-enpl)\n[Collective Centres and Communal Housing](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/standards-collective-centers-and-communal-housing-shelter-and-protection-guidance-poland-may-2023-enpl) (example from Poland) based on national, European and international\nstandards, to guide relevant authorities, stakeholders and partners in the management of collective centre accommodation assistance.\n\n\n31 Autonomous or independent housing differs from accommodation provided in the context of temporary arrange\nments (i.e. private hosting) or material reception conditions (i.e. collective centres, flats, hotels or other premises\nadapted for housing applicants). Autonomous housing solutions include any housing within the private housing\nmarket for which refugees may receive financial or in-kind support, but not directly provided in the context of\nmaterial reception conditions. Public housing (i.e. social housing) provided outside the context of material reception conditions (as part of mainstreaming policies for the general population) is included under the definition\nof autonomous housing. Based on: [European Migration Network (EMN), \u2018Access to autonomous housing in the](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2024-02/EMN - Access to autonomous housing in the context of international protection.pdf)\n[context of international protection - EMN inform](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2024-02/EMN - Access to autonomous housing in the context of international protection.pdf)\n\n\n32 By social housing we\u2019re referring to residential rental accommodation provided at sub-market prices that is\n\ntargeted and allocated according to specific rules, such as identified need or waiting lists. Also referred to as\n\u2018\u2019social\u2019\u2019, \u2018\u2019subsidised\u2019\u2019, \u2018\u2019public\u2019\u2019, \u2018\u2019council\u2019\u2019 or \u2018\u2019general\u2019\u2019 housing. For further reading see: [Social housing: A key part](https://www.oecd.org/social/social-housing-policy-brief-2020.pdf)\n[of past and future housing policy (OECD/2020)](https://www.oecd.org/social/social-housing-policy-brief-2020.pdf)\n\n\n33 For recommendations on multistakeholder approaches to more efficient and climate-friendly use of urban space,\n\nincluding essential actions for municipal and regional governments (p. 51) and public and private capital holders\n(p. 53), see [Efcient and balanced space use \u2013 shaping vibrant neighbourhoods and boosting climate progress in](https://www.systemiq.earth/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Systemiq-White-Paper-Space-Use.pdf)\n[Europe.](https://www.systemiq.earth/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Systemiq-White-Paper-Space-Use.pdf)\n\n\n34 The Austrian and German housing systems are often presented as among the best performing in Europe. See\n\n[Lessons From a Renters\u2019 Utopia (2023)](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/23/magazine/vienna-social-housing.html) and [Housing of Ukrainian Refugees in Europe Options for Long-Term Solu-](https://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/Housing of Ukrainian Refugees in Europe.pdf)\n[tions (2023).](https://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/Housing of Ukrainian Refugees in Europe.pdf)\n\n\n35 [Confronting Compassion Fatigue: Understanding the arc of public support for displaced populations in Turkey,](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpie_compassion-fatigue-2024_final.pdf)\n\n[Colombia, and Europe (migrationpolicy.org)](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpie_compassion-fatigue-2024_final.pdf)\n\n\n36 \u2018Regular\u2019 employment defined as working for an employer full- or part-time on a regular basis, as opposed to\n\ntemporary work or self-employment [Helping Hands - The Role of Housing Support and Employment Facilitation in](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.unhcr.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fdetails%2F108068&data=05%7C02%7Cbunce%40unhcr.org%7Cdfdfc7f0820e4af6bde208dc74fc12a0%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638513873205553838%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2B10bRCxDHzAkYUIBWdFyLRntl%2F65Y5L8KR4cgUsayQY%3D&reserved=0)\n[Economic Vulnerability of Refugees from Ukraine, (2024) an Inter-Agency report by UNHCR, IOM, UNDP, UNICEF,](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.unhcr.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fdetails%2F108068&data=05%7C02%7Cbunce%40unhcr.org%7Cdfdfc7f0820e4af6bde208dc74fc12a0%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638513873205553838%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2B10bRCxDHzAkYUIBWdFyLRntl%2F65Y5L8KR4cgUsayQY%3D&reserved=0)\nand UN Women report based on data of the situation of refugees from Ukraine in Bulgaria, Czech Republic,\nHungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia.\n\n\n37 Based on an analysis of 24 cities in 14 EU member states: [Access to afordable and social housing and support to](https://inclusivecities4all.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/EUROCITIES-report-EPSR-principle-19-on-housing-and-homelessness.pdf)\n\n[homeless people, Eurocities 2020.](https://inclusivecities4all.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/EUROCITIES-report-EPSR-principle-19-on-housing-and-homelessness.pdf)\n\n\n38 See also the European Investment Bank\u2019s (EIB) support for refugee housing solutions in [Germany, and its invest-](https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2024-102-germany-gets-eib-and-nrw-bank-support-for-refugee-housing)\n\nment in [improving housing conditions for refugees in Southern Italy](https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2024-231-eib-and-banca-etica-provide-over-eur165-million-to-support-gender-equality-refugee-inclusion-and-development-in-southern-italy) through a recently signed agreement with\nBanca Etica.\n\n\n39 The European Federation of Public, Cooperative & Social Housing, with a network of 45 national and regional\n\nfederations, as well as 16 partnering organisations in 31 countries in Europe.\n\n\n40 [Indicators of Immigrant Integration, Settling In. OECD 2023](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/1d5020a6-en.pdf?expires=1706886881&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=96F01C3BFD488CF4D700528A852ED00D) (p. 56)\n\n\n41 [The future of work in Europe | McKinsey](https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-in-europe)\n\n\n42 [Public-private cooperation for better local refugee inclusion: The case of Ukrainian Refugees](https://op.europa.eu/de/publication-detail/-/publication/a9ab2119-c3dc-11ee-95d9-01aa75ed71a1/language-en)\n\n\n43 ICMC Europe (2022), Building Inclusive Territories: Refugee and migrant integration for rural revitalization, Share\n\nNetwork. & [Another Story from the \u201cRefugee Crisis\u201d: Resettlement in Small Towns and Rural Areas in France (ifri.](https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/tardis_refugees_small_towns_france_2019.pdf)\n[org)](https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/tardis_refugees_small_towns_france_2019.pdf)\n\n\n44 [Integrating refugees: Lessons from Germany (2023) and](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf) [(The Struggle for) Refugee Integration into the Labour](https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11333/the-struggle-for-refugee-integration-into-the-labour-market-evidence-from-europe)\n\n[Market: Evidence from Europe (2022) are two sources referring to the counterproductive efect of dispersal poli-](https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11333/the-struggle-for-refugee-integration-into-the-labour-market-evidence-from-europe)\ncies on labour market integration.\n\n\n\n45 An analysis of tendencies in findings on asylum seeker/refugee dispersal programs available in [Analysis of the](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106993)\n\n[impact of refugees from Ukraine on the economy of Poland, Deloitte (2024), pp 24-25](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106993)\n\n\n\n46 The [Pact of Free Cities,](https://www.pactoffreecities.com/) founded by the Mayors of the Visegrad Four capitals (Warsaw, Prague, Bratislava and\n\nBudapest) in 2019, is a global network of cities determined to stand up for progressive values and fight against\nnationalistic populism.\n\n\n\n47 [\u201cStructures and competences\u201d by the Council of European Municipalities and Regions, provides a detailed](https://ccre.org/img/uploads/piecesjointe/filename/CEMR_structures_and_competences_2016_EN.pdf)\n\ncomparative overview of how functions and competencies are assigned to regional and municipal governments\nin 42 European countries. The European Committee of the Region\u2019s [Division of Powers](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf) site also offers interactive\ntools/maps showing levels institutional and fiscal decentralization, systems of multilevel governance and subsidiarity mechanisms in EU countries, (potential) candidate and Eastern Partnership countries.\n\n\n\n48 The challenges multi-level governance poses are characterized by the OECD as gaps \u2013 information, capacity,\n\nfiscal, administrative, policy, objective, accountability and participatory \u2013 which impact governance relationships\nand the effective delivery of public services and programs. A full definition is available on page 12 of [Multi-level](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/Multi-level governance for migrant integration.pdf)\n[governance for migrant integration (europa.eu)](https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/Multi-level governance for migrant integration.pdf)\n\n\n\n49 As an example, many of the game changing innovations on housing and integration by the city governments of\n\nHamburg and Berlin during the refugee crisis were made possible in large part by frequent communication of\nparties within a \u2018\u2019direct vertical line of communication and collaboration from cities to states and from states to\nthe federal government\u2019\u2019 that is innate to the workings of the state in Germany. From [Cities and Refugees\u2014 The](https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/cs_20160920_citiesrefugees_germanexperience.pdf)\n[German Experience (Brookings, 2016)](https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/cs_20160920_citiesrefugees_germanexperience.pdf)\n\n\n\n50 Economic inclusion entails access to labour markets, land, secure housing tenancy, finance, entrepreneurship,\n\nservices, the digital economy, and economic opportunities for all, on par with nationals, including non-citizens and\nvulnerable and under-served groups. It empowers people to meet their needs in a safe, sustainable, and dignified\nmanner, and to avoid aid dependency and negative coping mechanisms.\n\n\n\n51 Ideally, a national integration plan would set out programmatic priorities to incentivize implementation of local\n\ninnovations and practices, and assign funding to municipalities that adopt them, and at a scale proportionate to\nthe number of refugees whose integration they supported.\n\n\n52 [Model Framework for an Intercultural Integration Strategy at the National Level. Council of Europe, 2021, p. 12](https://rm.coe.int/prems-093421-gbr-2555-intercultural-integration-strategies-cdadi-web-a/1680a476bd)\n\n\n53 That is, different categories are not distinguished in data systems, so data cannot be aggregated separately for\n\na given status of protection (e.g., recognized refugee, person with subsidiary protection, temporary protection\nholder, person with humanitarian protection, stateless person).\n\n\n54 [Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees (oecd-ilibrary.org) / 142](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1707216204&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=7E5A77F04BBF8D89C16B5D1F0BB32E25)\n\n\n55 [The European Benchmark for Integration (NIEM)](https://www.migpolgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The-European-benchmark-for-refugee-integration.pdf) Pages 31 & 32 [Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/working-together-for-local-integration-of-migrants-and-refugees_9789264085350-en)\n\n[and Refugees | OECD Regional Development Studies](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/working-together-for-local-integration-of-migrants-and-refugees_9789264085350-en) & [Local inclusion of migrants and refugees - A gateway to](https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2021/01/local_inclusion_multipartner_guidance_.pdf)\n[existing ideas, resources and capacities for cities across the world (UN-HABITAT 2020)](https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2021/01/local_inclusion_multipartner_guidance_.pdf)\n\n\n56 This is modelled on the public health and criminal justice policy fields where, just as with integration, the real\n\nsocial value of the return on investment takes years or even generations to be fully felt. [A Needed Evidence Revo-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RefugeeIntegrationCostBenefitAnalysis_Final.pdf)\n[lution: Using Cost-Beneft Analysis to Improve Refugee Integration Programming (MPI, 2018)](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RefugeeIntegrationCostBenefitAnalysis_Final.pdf)\n\n\n57 Today, some 56% of the world\u2019s population \u2013 4.4 billion inhabitants \u2013 live in cities. This trend is expected to\n\ncontinue, with the urban population more than doubling its current size by 2050. [(World Bank, April 2023).](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview)\n\n\n58 [Regional Inclusion Strategy - Ukraine refugee response | UNHCR Europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/media/regional-inclusion-strategy-ukraine-refugee-response)\n\n\n59 Examples include the [Metropolitan Area Vision of Gda\u0144sk, Poland and the](https://www.metropoliagdansk.pl/metropolitalne-wiadomosci/przyszlosc-metropolii-twoj-glos-jest-wazny/) [Jakobstad Region of Finland\u2019s collec-](https://en.jakobstad.fi/new-residents/integration-of-immigrants-in-the-jakobstads-region/receiving-of-refugees-in-the-jakobstads-region)\n\n[tive integration programme, coordinated across several municipalities.](https://en.jakobstad.fi/new-residents/integration-of-immigrants-in-the-jakobstads-region/receiving-of-refugees-in-the-jakobstads-region)\n\n\n60 The Council of Europe (CoE), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Local Government\n\nInitiative (LGI) of the Open Society published an [Inter-municipal Cooperation Toolkit](https://rm.coe.int/imc-intermunicipal-co-operation/1680746ec3) to provide detailed guidance on intermunicipal cooperation, based on concrete experiences. As well as outlining benefits and potential\napproaches, the toolkit provides information on complexities and potential risks involved.\n\n\n61 See also [\u2018What Makes a City Inclusive?\u2019 in Urban refuge: How cities are building inclusive communities | Interna-](https://www.rescue.org/report/urban-refuge-how-cities-are-building-inclusive-communities)\n\n[tional Rescue Committee (IRC) (p. 15)](https://www.rescue.org/report/urban-refuge-how-cities-are-building-inclusive-communities)\n\n\n\n34 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 35\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE PROMOTING REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION: EMPOWERING MUNICIPALITIES ACROSS EUROPE\n\n\n\n62 A solution for this purpose is [UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Employment Platform](https://www.unhcr.org/media/refugee-employment-platform-manual) (REP) initiative. Brought together under the\n\numbrella regional REP initiative, national REPs link companies, refugees, and support services, promoting refugee\nsocioeconomic inclusion. They streamline the job placement process and offer guidance, skills training, and\ndata-driven insights. They maximize job prospects for refugees, better match company needs with refugee talent,\neffectively connect stakeholders across all sectors who can offer essential socioeconomic inclusion services and\nbuild relationships with the private sector to commit to refugee hiring and an overall refugee-welcoming business\nenvironment. Links to currently operational national REPs with available vacancies and refugees support services,\ngeneral information on the Refugee Employment Platform along with information on how to become involved is\navailable on [UNHCR\u2019s Regional Refugee Employment Platform website.](https://www.unhcr.org/europe/regional-refugee-employment-platform?auHash=JmnWc_kznZSpPINk3NyQbKwcG5ffImEDVZHdM3zCTBE)\n\n\n63 [Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees (oecd-ilibrary.org)](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1707833743&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=F14283CB66FBB6EBC50C8C26AA0E77A0) (pages 151-161 for more detailed\n\nguidance). For businesses seeking private sector-led experiences on refugee inclusion that have enjoyed the\ntrifecta of success from a business, social impact and community engagement perspective, see the INGKA\nGroup\u2019s [Skills for Employment Initiative, dating back to 2019. INGKA\u2019s toolkit for businesses with its 7-step process](https://www.ingka.com/projects/skills-for-employment/)\nfor refugee job integration is also available on the site.\n\n\n64 Examples of social cohesion and peaceful coexistence good practices at the local level are available in: [Global](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/global-compact-refugees-good-practices-innovative-approaches-cities)\n\n[Compact on Refugees (GCR) - good practices and innovative approaches of cities and Efective Inclusion of](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/global-compact-refugees-good-practices-innovative-approaches-cities)\n[Refugees: participatory approaches for practitioners at the local level and](https://www.unhcr.org/effective-inclusion-of-refugees.html) [Working together for local integration of](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1707833743&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=F14283CB66FBB6EBC50C8C26AA0E77A0)\n[migrants and refugees (oecd-ilibrary.org) (pages 122 \u2013 131).](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1707833743&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=F14283CB66FBB6EBC50C8C26AA0E77A0)\n\n\n65 Refer to [UNHCR\u2019s Age, Gender and Diversity](https://www.unhcr.org/age-gender-diversity/) approach for more details.\n\n\n66 Examples of research evidencing refugees\u2019 contribution to the host country economy: [Analysis of the impact of](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106993)\n\n[refugees from Ukraine on the economy of Poland, Deloitte (2024)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106993) and on the business case for hiring refugees:\n[How Helping Refugees Helps Brands: Europe - The Tent Partnership for Refugees. See also:](https://www.tent.org/resources/helping-refugees-helps-brands-europe/) [There\u2019s a Very Prac-](https://www.businessinsider.com/r-in-ageing-germany-refugees-seen-as-tomorrows-skilled-workers-2015-9)\n[tical Reason Why Germany Is Taking in so Many Refugees (Business Insider, 2015)](https://www.businessinsider.com/r-in-ageing-germany-refugees-seen-as-tomorrows-skilled-workers-2015-9)\n\n\n67 The August 2023 report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing discusses various policy responses\n\nto housing affordability. Findings and recommendations are based in part on first-hand analysis undertaken in\nEurope and [inputs received from states and civil society in Europe. It includes a series of clear recommenda-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-inputs-place-live-dignity-all-make-housing-affordable)\ntions for measures to enable housing afordability, including on social and public housing provision, cooperative\nhousing, rental interventions, social and housing subsidies, and tax incentive programs (pages 15 - 21) [Report of](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n23/240/69/pdf/n2324069.pdf?token=aXzUjDz8EhOWoOdQYn&fe=true)\n[the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n23/240/69/pdf/n2324069.pdf?token=aXzUjDz8EhOWoOdQYn&fe=true)\n[on the right to non-discrimination in this context, Balakrishnan Rajagopal A place to live in dignity for all: make](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n23/240/69/pdf/n2324069.pdf?token=aXzUjDz8EhOWoOdQYn&fe=true)\n[housing afordable](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n23/240/69/pdf/n2324069.pdf?token=aXzUjDz8EhOWoOdQYn&fe=true)\n\n\n68 [Long-term housing solutions for Ukrainian refugees in Poland, Germany, Hungary, Romania & Slovakia: A Policy](https://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/Policy Brief_Long term housing solutions for Ukrainian refugees_February 2023.pdf)\n\n[Brief](https://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/Policy Brief_Long term housing solutions for Ukrainian refugees_February 2023.pdf)\n\n\n69 The time period and methodology for this form of support varies greatly between countries. In UNHCR\u2019s experi\nence, national and municipal governments seek out experiences similar to their own country contexts, which\ntends to mirror their own cultural, budgetary and institutional context. To offer a sample of the diverse approaches\n[available, see Switzerland\u2019s Integration Agenda](https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/fr/home/integration-einbuergerung/integrationsfoerderung/kantonale-programme/integrationsagenda.html) and its Cantonal Integration Programs [(Example from Canton of](https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/fr/home/integration-einbuergerung/integrationsfoerderung/kantonale-programme/integrationsagenda.html)\n[Geneva),](https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/fr/home/integration-einbuergerung/integrationsfoerderung/kantonale-programme/integrationsagenda.html) [Germany\u2019s program for promoting the integration of foreigners, and the](https://www.bmi.bund.de/EN/topics/community-and-integration/integration/integration-node.html) [Czech Republic\u2019s State Integra-](https://www.integracniprogram.cz/)\n[tion Program. These documents may not ofer a detailed breakdown of entitlements as part of the integration](https://www.integracniprogram.cz/)\nprocess, rather they outline each country approach to integration.\n\n\n70 See the results of Poland\u2019s [2024 Housing Forum, Decent and afordable housing without borders as an example](https://habitat.pl/files/fm2024/Podsumowanie%20Forum%20Mieszkaniowego%202024.pdf)\n\nof progress in this regard.\n\n\n71 Detailed information available on the [Housing Netherlands site, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations](https://www.volkshuisvestingnederland.nl/onderwerpen/versnellen-tijdelijke-huisvesting/faq#anker-4-stimuleringsregeling-flex-en-transformatiewoningen)\n\n[(BZK). Policymakers can consult Integrating refugees through \u2018fexible housing\u2019 policy in The Netherlands for](https://www.volkshuisvestingnederland.nl/onderwerpen/versnellen-tijdelijke-huisvesting/faq#anker-4-stimuleringsregeling-flex-en-transformatiewoningen)\nrecent critical insights into the complexities of planning and designing fexible housing solutions while underscoring how they might more effectively accommodate refugee integration needs and incorporate refugee and\nhost community perspectives.\n\n\n72 [Cities and towns, Forced Migration Review, Issue 63](https://wayback.archive-it.org/2500/20231023114129/https:/www.fmreview.org/cities) (p 11-13)\n\n\n73 For a comprehensive and detailed overview of how SRAs are structured and operate, see Habitat For Humanity\n\nPoland\u2019s [Guide on Social Rental Agencies](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/teams/EMERG-UkraineEmergencyPoland-Protection/Shared Documents/Protection/Protection 2022_2023/15 - Housing/SRA/Habitat/H4H Guide_on_Social_Rental_Agencies-en-US.pdf?csf=1&web=1&e=Ypf53G) and [Paper on the development and scaling potential of SRAs.](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/teams/EMERG-UkraineEmergencyPoland-Protection/Shared Documents/Protection/Protection 2022_2023/15 - Housing/SRA/Habitat/Habitat ESCF Brief on SRA 30 September 2021.pdf?csf=1&web=1&e=OFIDg0)\n\n\n74 See also Habitat for Humanity\u2019s \u201cEmpty Spaces to Homes\u201d initiative, piloted in the UK and Poland, [with plans to](https://www.habitat.org/emea/newsroom/2024/habitat-humanity-and-laudes-foundation-join-forces-tackle-housing-and-climate-crises)\n\n[expand to more countries throughout Europe.](https://www.habitat.org/emea/newsroom/2024/habitat-humanity-and-laudes-foundation-join-forces-tackle-housing-and-climate-crises)\n\n\n\n75 [Paris Preserves Its Mixed Society by Pouring Billions Into Public Housing - The New York Times (March 2024)](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/17/realestate/paris-france-housing-costs.html)\n\n\n76 Particularly for vulnerable households, pairing this with comprehensive support tailored to specific needs and a\n\nholistic approach to offering services is essential to achieving a sustainable transition. See the example of the\n[Emergency Support to Integration and Accommodation (ESTIA) programme implemented by UNHCR in collabora-](https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/unhcr-greece-estia-home-away-home-november-2015-september-2021#:~:text=ESTIA%20%5Best%C3%ADa%5D%3A%20a%20hearth%2C%20or%20one%E2%80%99s%20home%20In,2016%2C%20more%20than%2050%2C000%20people%20remained%20in%20Greece.)\ntion with the Greek Government and NGOs, with the fnancial support of the European Union.\n\n\n77 [Eurocities Pulse Mayors Survey 2023: A state of cities report through the voices of mayors](https://monitor.eurocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Eurocities-Pulse-FINAL.pdf) (p. 20)\n\n\n78 Example from the Municipality of Plovdiv, Bulgaria: [Invest in Plovdiv](https://invest.plovdiv.bg/)\n\n\n79 A roadmap for taking this forward is provided on pages 118-135 of [Rethinking Regional Attractiveness in the New](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/rethinking-regional-attractiveness-in-the-new-global-environment_a9448db4-en#page41)\n\n[Global Environment | READ online (oecd-ilibrary.org)](https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/rethinking-regional-attractiveness-in-the-new-global-environment_a9448db4-en#page41)\n\n\n80 [Shrinking Smartly in Estonia: Preparing Regions for Demographic Change, OECD 2022](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/shrinking-smartly-in-estonia_77cfe25e-en.html)\n\n\n81 An example is that of Amsterdam\u2019s, comprised of 35 municipalities (Amsterdam included) which are members of\n\nthe Labour Market Regions. They co-operate and have regular meetings involving representatives of the private\nsector to involve the biggest employers of the region. This region can also apply for grants, making additional\nfinances available to municipal authorities.\n\n\n82 Many are [partner associations of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, and/or](https://www.coe.int/en/web/congress/associations-nationales)\n\n[member associations of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions.](https://www.ccre.org/en/associations/index)\n\n\n83 See [Cities 4 Cities | United 4 Ukraine as an example. The](https://cities4cities.eu/) [2023 EU Annual Report on the State of Regions and](https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/brochures/Documents/EU%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20State%20of%20Regions%20and%20Cities%202023/4892%20-%202023%20Annual%20Report%20EN.pdf)\n\n[Cities evidences the rise in bilateral partnerships and peer reconstruction eforts between EU and Ukrainian](https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/brochures/Documents/EU%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20State%20of%20Regions%20and%20Cities%202023/4892%20-%202023%20Annual%20Report%20EN.pdf)\nregions and cities since the escalation of the war, while pointing to significant gaps leaving room for greater subnational collaboration.\n\n\n84 Phrases originally attributed to Ioannis Mouzalas, former Greek Minister for Migration Policy.\n\n\n85 [Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees (oecd-ilibrary.org)](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264085350-en.pdf?expires=1707216204&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=7E5A77F04BBF8D89C16B5D1F0BB32E25) (p. 35)\n\n\n86 [Even greater potential can be unlocked by long-term enabling efforts at the national/federal level, via solution-](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf)\n\n[oriented political leadership, and facilitating a high degree of autonomy and access to resources for subnational](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf)\nentities. While Germany\u2019s state structure and historical trajectory on migration policy have unique properties,\nother countries can nonetheless glean important aspects and apply overarching principles from its experiences:\n\u2018The capacities built up in response to integrating the arrivals from 2015 and 2016, as well as the lessons learned\nin this context, arguably left German [\u2026] municipal authorities, and civil society better equipped to respond to\nthe arrival of Ukrainians than would have been the case without this prior experience [\u2026] a society\u2019s absorption\ncapacities cannot only\u2014as is often feared\u2014be exhausted but can be expanded over time\u2019. [Integrating refugees:](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf)\n[Lessons from Germany since 2015\u201316 (p. 36)](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d3bf052f21b05b8b5f87f38b921dfd7e-0050062023/original/WDR-German-case-study-FINAL.pdf)\n\n\n87 Medium-term planning can help countries better prepare for possible refugee movements by putting in place\n\ninstitutional and financial arrangements to better absorb the shocks. See: \u2018Preparedness is critical when refugee\nsituations are predictable or chronic\u2019 in [World Bank. 2023. World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8999f6e3-bc56-42ac-9dd9-32a747243d08/content)\n[& Societies Washington, DC: World Bank. (p. 217)](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8999f6e3-bc56-42ac-9dd9-32a747243d08/content)\n\n\n88 In 2016 UNHCR Italy launched the [\u2018Welcome. Working for Refugee Integration\u2019 project to promote the broader](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/good-practices/welcome-working-refugee-integration)\n\ninvolvement of the private sector, in conjunction with institutions and civil society organizations, in the labor\ninclusion of refugees. Employers can offer internships, apprenticeships, on-the-job training, and different types of\ncontracts and apply to be \u2018certified\u2019 with a \u2018Welcome: Working for Refugee Integration\u2019 logo and receive materials and tools to support hiring of refugees along with training in international protection and diversity in the\nworkplace. Capitalizing on the success of the \u2018Welcome\u2019 initiative and its network of partners, [\u201cWelcome In-one-](https://welcomeclick.unhcr.it/en)\n[click\u201d online platform](https://welcomeclick.unhcr.it/en) was launched in 2023 to expand access to labour inclusion pathways throughout Italy.\n\n\n89 Implemented by the Intercultural Cities Programme and the European Commission\u2019s Directorate General for\n\nStructural Reform Support, in partnership with the Civil Registry and Migration Department of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Cyprus\n\n\n90 The approach was developed over several years by establishing a local level action plan, cooperation across all\n\nrelevant stakeholders and operationalizing integration policies and practices through the Ager & Strang (2008)\nmodel: [Domains of Integration \u2013 A Conceptual Framework Defning Core Domains of Integration.](https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/21/2/166/1621262)\n\n\n\n36 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A U G U S T 2 0 2 4 37\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eurocities Pulse Mayors Survey", - "confidence": 0.969034731388092, - "start": 1221, - "end": 1225 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8008437156677246, - "start": 1224, - "end": 1225 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9968492388725281, - "start": 1225, - "end": 1226 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7104169726371765, - "start": 1225, - "end": 1226 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30bb08e7-1878-41d3-9159-1213b82a0eea/Promoting%20refugee%20integration%20and%20inclusion%20-%20Empowering%20municipalities%20across%20Europe%20-%20Integration%20policy%20brief%20%28August%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_539/raw/doc_539_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_539/raw/doc_539_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ef67428164775e1b3f9dd701ad4f915b5ed3dcf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_539/raw/doc_539_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Stabilizing the situation of refugees and migrants in Europe**\n_**Proposals to the Meeting of EU Heads of State or Government and Turkey on 7 March 2016**_\n\n**Introduction**\n\nThis paper sets out UNHCR\u2019s proposals both to the European Union (EU) and to the Member States to\nhelp stabilize the situation and reduce onward movements of refugees and migrants in Europe. While\nthe vast majority of the world\u2019s 60 million displaced are hosted in the developing world, increasing\nnumbers have undertaken perilous journeys to Europe, with over one million having crossed the\nMediterranean to Europe since the beginning of 2015. [1] An urgent adjustment of political and\nhumanitarian priorities is needed to meet these new realities.\n\nFirst and foremost, greater efforts are required to resolve the conflicts that lead to displacement. In\nthe absence of political solutions, the countries that host the vast majority of refugees need support.\nThe international conference on _Supporting Syria and the Region_ in London on 4 February 2016 was\nsignificant, as the international community pledged more than USD 11 billion to fund activities that\ncan have a stabilizing effect for refugees and their host communities in the region. UNHCR is ready to\nassist in the implementation of activities under this funding arrangement to address needs already\nidentified and to achieve early improvements in livelihoods and education. Similar initiatives would\nbe important to benefit also Iraqi and Afghan refugees, including those born in Pakistan or Iran.\nEmergencies in Africa, which remain underfunded, must not be forgotten. Concerted efforts are\nrequired now to implement in practice and in a \u201cpackaged approach\u201c the outcomes of the Valletta\nSummit on Migration and to focus on these acute needs.\n\nAt the same time, more efficient management of the situation within Europe is urgently needed. The\nmajority of European States have not been directly affected by the present situation. However, the\nparticipation of these States in a collective solution is critical to managing it effectively. The collective\nfailure to implement the measures agreed by EU Member States in the past has led to the current\nescalation in the crisis. A reinvigorated approach is needed.\n\nThe following proposals set out recommendations for how to achieve this in a spirit of solidarity,\nrestoration of trust among States, and responsibility sharing. They include measures to implement\ncomprehensively the \u201chotspot\u201d approach and the relocation schemes; support the emergency\nresponse in Greece; improve compliance with the EU Asylum Acquis; expand opportunities for\nresettlement and other pathways for admission; develop protection safeguards for individuals at risk;\nand develop European systems for more effective allocation of responsibility for asylum-seekers in\nthe mid-term.\n\n\n**1.** **Implement the hotspot approach and the relocation schemes**\n\nThe hotspot approach provides for the registration of all arrivals and channeling them into one of\nthree processes: the relocation system, the national asylum system, or the national return process,\nthereby avoiding onward movement to other States in an irregular manner. However, the registration\nof refugees and migrants arriving in Greece does not yet meet EU standards. Those eligible for\nrelocation should be referred on for relocation from the hotspots, but this is not yet the case for most.\nTo manage new arrivals in an orderly manner, it is critical that the relocation scheme and hotspot\n\n\n1 Developing regions hosted 86 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees in 2014: See _UNHCR Global Trends 2014,_ available at:\nhttp://unhcr.org/556725e69.html#_ga=1.206828630.415352288.1447094070.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "approach be fully implemented. Financial support alone from other Member States to Greece or Italy\nwill not stabilize the situation over the longer term. Similarly, the closure of borders may not reduce\nthe numbers arriving in the EU, as fragmentation of the routes is likely to result. This situation can be\nmanaged most effectively by carrying out proper registration in line with EU Standards; fully\nimplementing the relocation scheme for asylum-seekers; and ensuring the effective return of\nindividuals not in need of international protection. [2]\n\n\n**A.** **Carry out proper registration in line with EU Standards**\n\n\nTo address the current deficiencies in registration as a matter of priority, it is recommended that the\nEU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Establish the necessary processing capacities** to ensure identification, nationality screening,\nregistration, fingerprinting, security checks, and channeling into respective follow-up\nprocedures. The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) and FRONTEX, working with the\nGreek authorities, need to step up their support to registration, with EASO taking the lead on\nthe matching processes to facilitate expedited relocation.\n\n - **Address delays in securing connectivity to relevant databases** to ensure the effectiveness\nand credibility of the system.\n\n\n**B.** **Implement the relocation scheme for asylum-seekers**\n\nThe relocation scheme has not yet been implemented effectively with only around 600 asylum-seekers\nhaving been relocated to date. The current number of relocation pledges is lower than the average\nnumber of daily arrivals on the Greek islands. To implement the relocation scheme fully, it is\nrecommended that Member States:\n\n\n - **Pledge the 66,000 places agreed upon in September 2015 without delay** . Further pledges\nwill be needed during the year to meet the needs. Sufficient pledges would ensure that most\nasylum-seekers arriving in Greece and Italy can be relocated and have swift, safe access to\nprotection. Pledges should be made without preferences for certain profiles.\n\n - **Expedite the acceptance of relocation cases** and their transfer.\n\n\n - **Extend the eligibility threshold** for relocation to nationalities with a 65 per cent protection\nrate across the EU.\n\n - **Strengthen the overall coordination** and management of the relocation process, including in\nthe operation of the hotspots.\n\n - **Prioritize persons with specific needs** for relocation, e.g. children, survivors of sexual and\ngender-based violence, and victims of trafficking.\n\n\n - **Provide further information** and communication on relocation, including through the\ninvolvement of refugee communities in communication strategies.\n\n\n - **Swiftly relocate asylum-seekers** within Europe or determine their cases in Greece or Italy.\nThis would include transferring asylum-seekers (with no specific needs) eligible for relocation\n\n\n2 See UNHCR, _Building on the Lessons Learned to Make the Relocation Schemes Work More Effectively_, UNHCR\u2019s\nRecommendations, January 2016, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/56a076e24.html.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "back to Greece under the Dublin Regulation to enter the relocation process, thereby\nencouraging them to avail themselves of protection and support provided by EU Member\nStates, as agreed by the European Council. Substantial relocation pledges and adequate\nreception places in Greece would be required to facilitate such transfers.\n\n - **Use the take charge provisions of the Dublin Regulation** to facilitate the transfer of asylumseekers in Greece to countries where they have links and which are not participating in the\nrelocation scheme. UNHCR is ready to step up its assistance in relation to such cases.\n\n\n**C.** **Ensure the effective return of individuals not in need of international protection**\n\nThe return of individuals not in need of international protection is key to ensuring the integrity of the\nprotection space in Europe and maintaining public confidence in the asylum system. It is\nrecommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Facilitate readmission** of individuals not in need of international protection to third countries\nor to countries of origin. [3]\n\n - **On a good offices basis, UNHCR can support the Greek and Turkish authorities** in the\nimplementation of their readmission agreement with respect to persons not in need of\ninternational protection in compliance with the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of\nRefugees and European and international law.\n\n - **Provide technical and financial support to Greece and the International Organization for**\n**Migration** to assist them with assisted voluntary returns and other forms of return.\n\n\n**2.** **Support the emergency response in Greece**\n\nThe effective implementation of the relocation scheme and hotspots will require that Greece be\nprepared with adequate reception capacity to host new arrivals for longer periods of time while all\nthe systems are being put in place. It is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Rapidly invest in systems for orderly processing in Greece** (relocation, return/readmission,\nrefugee status determination) to ensure the sustainability of efforts to manage the situation.\n\n\n - **Provide support for longer-term stay in Greece,** including through the establishment of\nadequate reception facilities, taking into account age, gender, and diversity considerations.\n\n\n - **Expedite the roll-out of contingency plans** drawn up to respond to the large numbers of\narrivals now remaining in Greece. UNHCR is assisting the Government and EU agencies in\nGreece with this, including by assisting with additional reception facilities and facilitating\nworkforce recruitment where possible.\n\n\n - **Reinforce access to protection and durable solutions** . UNHCR will assist Greece and States\nreceiving significant numbers of arrivals to improve access to protection and information,\n\n\n3 European Union: European Parliament and Council, _Directive 2008/115/EC of 16 December 2008 on common standards and_\n_procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals,_ December 2008, available at: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:348:0098:0107:EN:PDF. See also European Union: European\nCommission, _Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council, EU Action Plan on return,_\n_COM(2015) 453 final,_ Brussels, 9 September 2015, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-wedo/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementationpackage/docs/communication_from_the_ec_to_ep_and_council_-_eu_action_plan_on_return_en.pdf.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "including through communicating with communities and with particular attention to those\nwith specific needs.\n\n\n**3.** **Improve compliance with the EU Asylum Acquis**\n\nFor the relocation system and existing asylum systems in the EU to function effectively, it is\nrecommended that the EU and Member States take the following measures:\n\n\n - **Develop mechanisms capable of ensuring that minimum standards for asylum systems are**\n**maintained in all Member States**, building on existing structures and frameworks. This could\nreduce factors contributing to the onward movement of asylum-seekers and refugees and the\nexclusion of Member States from transfer arrangements under the Dublin Regulation due to\nnon-compliance with standards.\n\n - **Expand the roles of the European Commission and EASO** to support the systematic\nmonitoring of the Common European Asylum System, to ensure the full and coherent\nimplementation of the EU Asylum Acquis, and to take action where needed to address\nshortcomings.\n\n**4.** **Expand opportunities for resettlement and other pathways for admission**\n\nSince 2013, UNHCR has called on States to increase pathways for admission of Syrian refugees, such\nas resettlement, humanitarian admission, private sponsorships, effective and refugee-friendly family\nreunion, student scholarships, and labour mobility schemes, so that refugees do not resort to\ndangerous onward movements and the use of smugglers. [4] Without such pathways made available\nnow, efforts to reduce these movements through border closures, family reunification restrictions, or\nother measures will likely meet with limited success. UNHCR is calling for 10 per cent of the Syrian\nrefugee population in the region to benefit from pathways for admission over the next three years in\naddition to existing annual quotas. A key opportunity to advance such solutions will be on 30 March\n2016 at UNHCR\u2019s _High-level meeting on global responsibility sharing through pathways for admission_\n_of Syrian refugees_ where States will be invited to pledge commitments. States are encouraged to:\n\n\n - **Indicate at the High-level meeting what admissions programmes they are considering**, even\nif they cannot make firm pledges now. This could include initiatives related to private\nsponsorship, student scholarships, or labour mobility schemes, or a commitment to revisit the\nBlue Card Directive to make its provisions more accessible to refugees who often cannot meet\nthe current requirements for documentation and other elements. This could build on the EU\u2019s\nsupport for increased resettlement through the Conclusions adopted on 20 July 2015 for\n20,000 places to be made available by Member States over two years (2015-2017). [5]\n\n\n - **Enhance pathways for the mutual benefit of persons in need of protection and for host**\n**societies** . Pathways for admission present an opportunity for Europe to deliver on\nhumanitarian imperatives, enable refugees to contribute to their host societies in productive\nways, and address economic needs within the continent.\n\n\n4 UNHCR, _Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative Action Plan_, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/531990199.html and UNHCR,\n_Special Mediterranean Initiative, Plan for an enhanced operational response, June-December 2015_, available at:\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/557ad7e49.html.\n5 UNHCR statistics indicate that just 7,567 persons were resettled from Turkey in 2015, of whom 1,140 were Syrian.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Facilitate family reunification** . Despite the right to family reunification under the EU Family\nReunification Directive, beneficiaries of international protection face serious practical\nobstacles to exercising this right. Too often, family members eligible for reunification\nundertake perilous journeys because they face insurmountable administrative hurdles and\nlengthy procedures to reunite with their families. States are encouraged, with the support of\nUNHCR and partners, to simplify and facilitate the process and provide information and\nassistance for those eligible for family reunification in the EU, countries of transit, and\ncountries of origin.\n\n\n - **Facilitate resettlement of persons currently in Greece** to countries outside of the EU where\nthey have family members. UNHCR is ready to assist with such cases.\n\n\n**5.** **Develop protection safeguards for individuals at risk**\n\nTo ensure access to effective protection, safeguards are required for individuals with specific needs.\nStates are recommended to enhance search and rescue operations; develop coordinated systems to\nprotect unaccompanied and separated children; develop measures to prevent and respond to sexual\nand gender-based violence; address smuggling and trafficking as a protection issue; and counter\nexclusion, racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia.\n\n\n**A.** **Enhance search and rescue operations**\n\nTo ensure predictability and compliance of search and rescue operations with international law and\nEU responsibilities, it is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Promote effective cooperation** among national actors, FRONTEX, EUNAVFOR, and NATO,\nincluding agreement on common guidelines on interception, rescue, and disembarkation. [6]\n\n\n**B.** **Develop systems to protect unaccompanied and separated children**\n\nChild protection systems are needed for unaccompanied and separated children on the move, that\ntake into account the best interests of the child from a broad perspective that goes beyond\nconsiderations of asylum alone. It is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Establish specialist child protection services** to uphold the best interests of unaccompanied\nand separated children from the moment of arrival. UNHCR can assist in developing this\nconcept together with States and partners.\n\n - **Improve age assessment, family tracing, inter-State collaboration, and reunion** with parents\nin countries of asylum up- or downstream (and sometimes in countries of origin).\n\n\n6 The EU Regulation of May 2014 sets out clear guidelines on interception, rescue, and disembarkation which should be\nagreed to by all actors, including those not covered by the scope of the Regulation. See REGULATION (EU) No 656/2014 OF\nTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 May 2014 establishing rules for the surveillance of the external\nsea borders in the context of operational cooperation coordinated by the European Agency for the Management of\nOperational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, available at: http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R0656. See also UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),\n_Conclusion on Protection Safeguards in Interception Measures_, 10 October 2003, No. 97 (LIV) - 2003, available at:\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/3f93b2894.html.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**C.** **Develop measures to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence**\n\nWomen and girls on the move are at heightened risk of sexual and gender-based violence as they move\nonward, often at night, along insecure routes, or staying in places that lack basic security such as parks,\ntrains, railways, or bus stations. They are particularly at risk at the hands of smugglers and traffickers.\nIt is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Make efforts to ensure that measures are in place to identify survivors** of sexual and genderbased violence, and refer them to appropriate services.\n\n\n - **Ensure that all facilities are established to minimize risks**, including through appropriate\nsleeping facilities, separate sanitary facilities for women and men, and adequate lighting.\n\n\n**D.** **Address smuggling and trafficking as a protection issue**\n\nSmuggling and trafficking are problems for all countries along the route, as organized crime often links\nthe movements. Smuggling and trafficking place individuals at serious risk of harm and exploitation.\nSaving lives also means cracking down on smuggling. To counter the exploitation and endangerment\nof people by human smugglers and traffickers, it is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Enhance cooperation on combatting trafficking and smuggling as well as information**\n**sharing** between authorities and Governments.\n\n - **Undertake mass information campaigns**, including through social media, to provide\ninformation on the dangers of engaging with smugglers and traffickers and taking risky\njourneys. UNHCR and EASO could scale up their existing information activities to assist.\n\n\n - **Take measures to increase the prosecution** and conviction rates for smugglers and traffickers\nactive in Greece and Turkey.\n\n\n**E.** **Counter exclusion, racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia**\n\nRacism and xenophobia continue to affect most societies, while clear national strategies to counter\nthem are often lacking or remain unimplemented. What may begin as subtle expressions of dislike\nand intolerance can develop into institutionalized discrimination, incitement to hatred, verbal and\nphysical abuse, and hate crimes. The refugee and migration movements in Europe, as well as recent\nsecurity incidents in Europe and elsewhere, have contributed to uninformed and polarized discourse\nin some instances. It is recommended that the EU and Member States:\n\n\n - **Demonstrate resolute leadership** to de-dramatize and de-politicize the humanitarian\nchallenges of protecting refugees, by countering xenophobia, humanizing their plight, and\nproviding a better understanding of why persons flee.\n\n\n - **Develop a clear framework of obligations, as well as rights, of asylum-seekers and refugees**\nto restore public and political trust. UNHCR is ready to assist in developing this approach.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6.** **Develop effective European systems for allocating responsibility for asylum-seekers in the**\n\n**mid-term**\n\nThe willingness of Member States to make binding commitments will be critical to the EU\u2019s efforts in\ncontrolling its borders and managing refugee and migrant movements effectively both now and in the\nfuture. A new approach is needed to ensure that Member States located at the external borders of\nthe EU will not continue to bear a disproportionate burden in addressing immediate reception needs.\nThe solidarity now essential for Greece and Italy may also be required for other States in the future,\ndepending on the evolution of displacement situations. Building on the relocation schemes, the\nhotspot approach, and the reform of the Dublin Regulation, UNHCR proposes the development of\nreinforced European systems for the registration and distribution of asylum-seekers that would:\n\n\n - **Establish European Registration Centres** (ERCs) in the main countries of arrival. All EU\nMember States would also operate at least one ERC to process asylum-seekers arriving\ndirectly and to manage any instances of secondary movement within the EU. At the ERCs,\nwith EASO possibly playing a role, arrivals would be identified, registered, fingerprinted,\nchecked against security databases, and given the opportunity to make an asylum application\nin line with EU standards, or be identified as not in need of protection.\n\n\n - **Distribute asylum-seekers among the Member States according to a distribution key** setting\nout the percentage of asylum-seekers each Member State must take. There would be no\nquota or upper limit. Factors such as family links, work or study links in a Member State, or\nknowledge of a language would be taken into account.\n\n\n - **Permit those granted protection in the Member State of distribution to establish themselves**\n**in another EU Member State** after six months subject to certain conditions, including the\nability to support themselves. This could be achieved by amendment of the Long-Term\nResidence Directive. [7]\n\n\n - **Undertake additional measures to support local integration** and dissuade unsupported\nsecondary movement.\n\n\n - **Assist those not in need of protection with return**, including under existing readmission\nagreements.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nEurope faces formidable challenges in responding effectively to the arrival of refugees, asylumseekers, and migrants at its borders and on its territory. With both political will and renewed\ncommitment to cooperation and solidarity, however, these are challenges that can be met. UNHCR\nurges the EU and Member States to use and further strengthen the tools and instruments they have\ndeveloped over time in the Common European Asylum System in order to ensure more effective\nresponses for those in need of protection and for others. UNHCR is ready to continue assisting with\nthese efforts in the interests of States, the EU, and those who need international protection.\n\n\nUNHCR\n3 March 2016\n\n\n7 European Union: Council of the European Union, _Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003 concerning the status_\n_of third-country nationals who are long-term residents,_ November 2003, available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/en/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0109 [\u201cthe Long-Term Residence Directive (LTRD)\u201d].\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b7e8cf7-64f7-3fa4-89ee-a40a13515e98/ProposalstotheMeetingofEUHeadsofStates-7March.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_54/raw/doc_54_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_54/raw/doc_54_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 45d5f38846bb09522a5a4670129e223e1f1393a4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_54/raw/doc_54_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG) in T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n**Terms of Reference \u2013** **June 2025**\n\n\n_This Terms of Reference (TOR) defines the context, purpose, structure and the roles and responsibilities of the_\n_cash coordination platform in T\u00fcrkiye._\n\n\n**Context**\nT\u00fcrkiye hosts the largest refugee population in the world including around 2.7 million Syrians under\ntemporary protection [1] and approximately 221,353 international protection applicants and status holders\nfrom other countries. [2] To address the needs of to the protection of Syrians under temporary protection\nand international protection applicants and status holders, as well as vulnerable Turkish citizens, cash and\nvoucher assistance (CVA) has been increasingly employed as an effective means of assistance in T\u00fcrkiye\nby 3RP partners. Humanitarian agencies phased out from the emergency response, which had started\nfollowing February, 2023, when two major earthquakes hit T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s southeast region, affecting eleven\nprovinces, and leading to their designation as a disaster zone. The cash response linked to earthquake\nemergency response included nearly 3.78 million individuals accessing CVA in T\u00fcrkiye. Residual impact of\nthe earthquake is observed in the region. The challenges faced by refugees in meeting basic needs amidst\nT\u00fcrkiye's increasing living costs. The early-recovery phase has largely been concluded in most\nearthquake-affected provinces, with programming shifting from blanket assistance schemes towards\nproviding assistance to the most vulnerable households and seeking more sustainable approaches such\nas livelihoods support. After the recent developments in Syria starting from December 2024, the\nhumanitarian context has included the voluntary return and temporary visits to Syria, which in turn\nconcerned the cash actors.\n\n\n**Purpose**\nInitiated in November 2015, the Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG) in T\u00fcrkiye\nserves a critical role in coordinating the delivery of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) among various\nactors engaged in humanitarian responses. The group's purpose is to enhance the efficiency and\neffectiveness of resource utilization, minimize duplicative efforts, support address unmet needs\neffectively, and foster programmatic coherence. Operating as an intersectoral platform, the CBI TWG,\naccountable to the 3RP coordination in T\u00fcrkiye, focuses on managing both sector-specific and multipurpose cash assistance. This coordinated approach is designed to meet the basic and specific needs of\nvulnerable populations, ensuring that the assistance provided through CVA is both targeted and\nimpactful. This approach has become increasingly relevant and critical, especially considering the\nchallenging circumstances following the 2023 earthquake, which necessitated a broader and more\ntargeted coordination of resources and assistance.\n\n\n1 Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Interior, Presidency of Migration Management, Statistics (24/04/2025), _Temporary Protection_,\n[https://en.goc.gov.tr/temporary-protection27](https://en.goc.gov.tr/temporary-protection27)\n2 Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Interior, Presidency of Migration Management, Press Release (20/08/2024)\nhttps://www.goc.gov.tr/ulkemizdeki-yabanci-sayilarina-iliskin-ortaya-atilan-gercek-disi-iddialar-hakkinda-basin-aciklamasi\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Objectives and Key Actions:** There are 6 Strategic objectives of the CBI TWG:\n\n\n1. **Enhance the Coordination and Programming of CVA in T\u00fcrkiye:** Strengthen the delivery and impact\nof CVA by providing effective coordination and support for harmonized, quality, and accountable\nprogramming among various humanitarian actors; including both the provision of strategic direction\nand the promotion of common mechanisms and standards.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Provide strategic and technical support by offering comprehensive guidance and\ntechnical assistance to CBI TWG partners, sectors, and donors. This includes setting\nstandards and tools for quality programing when feasible, conducting preparedness\nactivities and fostering collaboration for the delivery of quality CVA.\nKey Action: 2 Harmonize transfer values and programming standards, lead discussions and\ncoordinate efforts to set evidence-based transfer values. Ensure these transfer\nvalues are based on reliable and market-based or rectified costs updated regularly,\nand adjusted to local realities when necessary.\nKey Action: 3 Mainstream Cross-Cutting Issues: Ensure that gender, disability, inclusion, and\nprotection considerations are fully integrated into cash response strategies. This\ninvolves adapting CVA programming to be inclusive and sensitive to the diverse\nneeds of the affected populations.\nKey Action: 4 Coordinate the development and use of standardized tools for market assessments,\npost-distribution monitoring, price monitoring, and analysis. Promote consistent\nuse of these tools by partners to ensure coherent and effective program\nimplementation and modification.\n\n2. **Information Sharing and Learning:** Enhanced Information Management and analysis fostering a\nculture of knowledge exchange and continuous improvement to enhance the effectiveness of CVA in\nT\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Developing CVA information and knowledge management tools, templates, and\nguidance, promote the effective use of existing tools such as ActivityInfo and\nServices Advisor among the CBI TWG partners.\nKey Action: 2 Map existing CVAs in T\u00fcrkiye to identify trends, gaps and potential areas of\ncollaboration and harmonization, and advise accordingly to the partners, sectors,\nand the National Inter-Agency Task Force (NIATF) under the Regional Refugee and\nResilience Plan (3RP) coordination, and other mechanisms as appropriate.\nKey Action: 3 Act as Country Repository and resource on CVA and markets for humanitarian\ndonors and different groups at national as well as global level.\nKey Action: 4 Facilitate and enable inter-agency lessons learnt sessions and workshops. Advocate\nwith partners for increased sharing of the results of their research and evaluations\nsuch as post-distribution monitoring exercises.\n\n3. **Empowering local leadership:** Support local actors for an effective and context specific coordination\nof CVA at national and subnational level.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Recognize and enable spaces for local actors to lead the cash coordination and\nengage with local cash coordination platforms, when available such as times of\ndisaster responses, to enhance more localized coordination.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Key Action: 2 Facilitate the engagement with public authorities and local organizations in cash\nprogramming, further promote context-specific approaches, and increase the\nacceptance of CVA as a default modality, where appropriate and feasible.\n\n4. **Capacity Building:** Strengthening the skills of humanitarian and development organizations\nprioritizing the local partners to ensure the sustainability and resilience of CVA initiatives in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Analyzing the CVA related capacity gaps and creating learning opportunities for CBI\nTWG partners including local and national public authorities when relevant.\nKey Action: 2 Collaborating with partners, CALP, CashCap and sectors to mobilize resources for\ncapacity building and seek joint initiatives to respond to existing needs.\nKey Action: 3 Promote learning and sharing through learning events, identifying critical gaps, and\ndocumenting best practices and evidence.\n5. **Advocacy:** Evidence-based advocacy for policies and practices that promote scalability of CVA.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Continue leading and support evidence-based advocacy and promoting the use of\nquality CVA to meet humanitarian needs and other key messages by creating\nadvocacy notes.\nKey Action: 2 Promote linking humanitarian assistance with social protection, market-based\nprogramming, and livelihoods responses in the country.\n\n6. **Linking Social Protection:** Creating synergies between CVA and social protection systems to offer\nholistic support and long-term solutions.\n\n\nKey Action: 1 Collaborate with relevant sectors specifically Protection and Basic Needs sector\npartners, enhance capacities of humanitarian actors and social protection actors to\nestablish shock response social protection systems.\nKey Action: 2 Enhance collaboration with public institutions for sustainable humanitarian\nresponse, and support creation of common platforms.\n\n**Scope**\nIn alignment with the overarching humanitarian policy and coordination at the national level, the CBI\nTWG functions as a national technical group based in Ankara. The group's operations cover four primary\nhumanitarian areas of responsibility in T\u00fcrkiye. These include three sub-national areas\u2014Gaziantep in\nsoutheast T\u00fcrkiye, Istanbul in the Marmara region, and Izmir in the Aegean area\u2014alongside Ankara,\nwhich represents both the national level and the rest of T\u00fcrkiye. The CBI TWG adopts a hybrid approach\nfor its meetings, accommodating both in-person and online/virtual participation. These meetings are\nprimarily convened in one of the four main cities, depending on operational needs, but can also be\norganized in other locations as required.\n\n\n**Accountabilities**\nCBI TWG is an integral component of the 3RP coordination mechanism in T\u00fcrkiye. It holds accountability\nto the NIATF, ensuring that its operations align with the broader humanitarian and response strategies\nset at the national level. In scenarios demanding specific responses, such as during an earthquake or\nother emergencies, the CBI TWG collaborates with and be accountable to other relevant coordination\nmechanisms as determined by the UN Resident Coordinator\u2019s Office (UN RCO) and United Nations\nCountry Team (UNCT).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Membership and Composition**\nIn T\u00fcrkiye, the CBI TWG upholds the principle of inclusive participation and representation, integral to the\ncash coordination model. The group's composition reflects this commitment, encompassing a diverse\nrange of actors involved in the response.\n\n - The CBI TWG in T\u00fcrkiye consists of representatives from sectors, both national and international\nnon-governmental organizations, the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement, UN agencies, national\nand sub-national authorities, donors, and, where appropriate, financial service providers. The\nvaried context of CVA programming in T\u00fcrkiye guides the participation of these actors, either on\na regular or ad hoc basis.\n\n - CBI TWG ensures the active participation and influence of local and national agencies. This is\nfacilitated by providing Turkish/English translation at all meetings and events, ensuring language\nbarriers do not impede involvement.\n\n - Membership to the CBI TWG is open to any interested organization or actor in T\u00fcrkiye, with the\nprerequisite that agencies should be operational partners in the country. To endorse\nmembership, the CBI TWG may require a copy of the organization's registration in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n - To maintain agility and focus, the CBI TWG may establish task teams. These teams address\nspecific issues pertinent to the T\u00fcrkiye context.\n\n - CBI TWG Will engage with relevant public institutions, local and national coordination platforms\nas per operational and contextual needs in consultation with NIATF.\n\n**Leadership**\nAccording to the Cash Coordination Model, and in line with its global mandate in refugee settings, UNHCR\nis the permanent co-chair of this platform in T\u00fcrkiye, sharing this role with a local civil society\norganization as part of the localization agenda. As of March 2023, the Turkish Red Crescent has been\nholding the role of co-chair and is committed to continuing this role in 2025. The local civil society cochairing is a roving position; and it is evaluated annually and endorsed by the members. The position of\nthe co-chair held by a local civil society organization may change even before the annual term, if the\ncurrent organization wishes to step down or if a majority of the members request that the co-chair role\nbe undertaken by a different local civil society organization. Cash Advisory Group (CAG) will be consulted\nfor the method and conditions of local civil society co-chair election.\n\n**Roles and Responsibilities**\n**Co-chairs** : Responsibilities of co-chairs include organizing meetings, workshops, and other events to meet\nthe coordination and information needs specific to CBIs in the region. They are tasked with ensuring that\nthe CVA Technical Advisory Group, members, and other relevant actors are actively engaged and\nsupported through sharing program updates, best practices, post-distribution monitoring findings,\nassessments, and analyses related to CVAs. A key part of their role involves fostering appropriate linkages\nfor sharing technical expertise among partners and maintaining ongoing dialogue with technical actors at\nnational, regional, and global levels to bolster cash coordination. Additionally, they are responsible for\ndeveloping and following a dynamic work plan that reflects the evolving priorities and discussions within\nthe platform and across relevant sectors. This includes ensuring that the focus and deliverables of the\nplatform remain relevant and contextually appropriate to the NIATF and the 3RP sectors.\n\n\n**Members:** The CBI TWG members are responsible to commit to fostering a transparent and cooperative\nenvironment by meaningful participation and sharing relevant operational delivery data (such as cash\nassistance delivered, beneficiaries assisted etc.). The members need to provide at least one focal point\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "for CBI TWG meetings and participate in CBI TWG meetings on a regular basis. They are responsible for\nsharing programmatic information and updates, technical inputs, lessons-learnt, and actively\nparticipating in setting the strategic direction of the CBI TWG.\n\n\n**Secretariat:** UNHCR acts as secretariat and is responsible for information and knowledge management\nwhich includes gathering of information from partners, and publishing on the dedicated page of the interagency data portal managed by UNHCR for CBI TWG.\n\n\n**Information Management Officer (IMO):** This role is held by UNHCR, and it carries responsibility of\nmanaging and facilitating efficient data-related processes including overseeing the collection and analysis\nof data in the CBI Mapping process, as well as the production and dissemination of CBI TWG dashboards\nand relevant analyses to platform partners. The IMO is tasked with identifying the information needs of\nthe platform and its partners, encouraging a culture of structured and secure information sharing among\nall stakeholders through well-defined sectoral mechanisms. Additionally, the IMO supports partners in\ncontinuously updating their CBIs on the Services Advisor. A key aspect of this role involves the\ndevelopment, collection, processing, analysis, storage, and sharing of data within the CBI TWG.\n\n\n**Technical Advisory Group:** Comprising a group of CVA technical experts from national and international\norganizations that are members of CBI TWG to support key technical themes and task teams created by\nCBI TWG, propose inputs, guidance, and key recommendations for technical and strategic decision\nmaking. Details of roles and responsibilities of the group are shared in Annex A.\n\n\n**CashCap:** CashCap has historically supported the cash coordination platform in different capacities and\nthrough situation-specific ToRs in T\u00fcrkiye. Cash expert deployed by CashCap continuous to provide\ntechnical support to and capacity sharing with the national NGO co-chair in 2025. Additionally, this\nadditional capacity contributes to capacity development of partners, standardizing and harmonizing cash\nresponse.\n\n\n**Sectors/Working Groups Leads and Co-Leads:** Expected to participate regularly in the CBI TWG, staying\ninformed about cash programming in T\u00fcrkiye and contributing operational delivery data, technical inputs,\nand programmatic information.\n\n\n**Validation and Decision Making:** The CBI coordination Team (Co-Chairs, IMO, and coordination\nassistants) will provide drafts and final products for validation within the group, ensuring that all\nmembers can review and confirm the accuracy and quality of the documents and initiatives before they\nare finalized and implemented.\n\n\n**Frequency of Meetings**\nCBI TWG meets once a month, ensuring coordination and response, unless more frequent meetings are\nrequired by members or deemed appropriate by co-chairs.\n\n\nThese Terms can be reviewed or amended on a need basis with the request from the humanitarian leadership,\nas per contextual needs during the crises or if the members deem necessary.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interagency data portal", - "confidence": 0.9252565503120422, - "start": 77, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6392106413841248, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CBI TWG dashboards", - "confidence": 0.7178027629852295, - "start": 138, - "end": 141 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "platform partners", - "confidence": 0.5067448019981384, - "start": 145, - "end": 147 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex A: Terms of Reference (ToR) for CVA Technical Advisory Group (CVA TAG)**\n\n\n**Introduction:** This document is the annex of Terms of Reference (ToR) of the Cash-Based Interventions\nTechnical Working Group (CBI TWG) and it aims to outline the establishment and operation of a Technical\nAdvisory Group (TAG) comprising Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) Experts from member organizations of\nthe T\u00fcrkiye. CVA TAG members are selected through self-nomination or invitation amongst the members of\nthe platform. Membership in the CVA TAG is based on an evaluation of individual skills and motivation, and it\nis expected that the expert\u2019s organization endorses their membership role, when applicable.\n\n\n**Objectives of CVA TAG:** The primary objectives of the CVA TAG are as follows:\n\n\n - **Support CBI TWG Strategy and Direction:** Assist in designing the CBI TWG strategy and setting strategic\ndirections.\n\n - **Technical Guidance:** Address technical needs of the CBI TWG and provide guidance by initiating the\npreparation of guidance documents and providing bilateral/general support and feedback to partners.\n\n - **Review and Support:** Review proposed decisions and support thematic work across the CBI TWG.\n\n - **Document Review:** Review key technical documents and policy outputs from CBI TWG members,\nensuring alignment with related initiatives.\n\n - **Advocacy and Key Messages:** Identify key issues for collective action and support creating key messages\nfor advocacy to scale CVA.\n\n - **Networking and Engagement:** Facilitate connections among members, disseminate CBI TWG's work, and\ncreate opportunities for engagement.\n\n**Composition:** The TAG will consist of 5 representatives selected from CBI TWG member organizations based\non the following criteria:\n\n - Staff member of a CBI TWG member organization with a history of implementing CVA in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n - Member organization willing to nominate a maximum of one senior-level CVA expert.\n\n - TAG representative must possess technical expertise in Cash and Voucher Assistance.\n\n - Strong personal motivation and willingness to dedicate time to contribute to the group.\n\n**Responsibilities of TAG Representatives:** TAG representatives will be responsible for the following.\n\n - Contribute to development of CBI TWG Strategy, Workplan, and other strategic documents.\n\n - Attend regular and ad-hoc CBI TWG meetings.\n\n - Attend regular TAG meetings and any task related meetings.\n\n - At least attend one meeting of hub level CBI TWG meeting in a year.\n\n - Review and provide feedback on key strategic and technical products.\n\n - Provide advice on key decisions and processes.\n\n - Support and provide guidance on key thematic areas to the CBI TWG.\n\n**Term and Termination:**\n\n - TAG Representative\u2019s term is one year, with the option for renewal.\n\n - Representatives can withdraw by notifying the CBI TWG Chair.\n\n - Non-compliance with responsibilities may lead to a request for adherence or withdrawal.\n\n - Leaving the CBI TWG member organization automatically ends TAG Representation.\n\n - TAG Representation is not transferrable between outgoing and incoming role successors.\n\n\nThis ToR will be subject to regular review with input from members and the Cash Coordination Team of CBI TWG.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99daa860-2256-54f2-9aa4-31b9bae3059b/2025_CBITWG_ToR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_540/raw/doc_540_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_540/raw/doc_540_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b95e7e8532978ade3a8c9f74bd534c275312315c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_540/raw/doc_540_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Children face three dangers during the COVID-19\npandemic: 1) infection with the virus; 2) the\nimmediate impacts of measures to stop\ntransmission of the virus (school closures for\nexample); and 3) the long-term impact of the\nresulting economic crisis on social and economic\ndevelopment with regard to the Sustainable\nDevelopment Goals. Their impact on children will\nvary based on their age, gender, vulnerability,\nhealth, disability, family situation and the wideranging, dynamic conditions of their environment.\n\n**Disruption** **of** **services** **and** **movement**\n**restrictions** limit children\u2019s access to life-saving\nservices, including health, mental health and\npsychosocial support, as well as case\nmanagement. **Movement restrictions** have also\nseparated children from their families, or\ncaregivers, and often made reunification more\ndifficult, if not impossible.\n\n**Disruptions to families, friendships and daily**\n**routines** have had negative consequences for\nchildren\u2019s well-being resulting in high levels of\nstress, anxiety and harmful coping strategies.\n\n**Closure of schools** deprives many girls and\nboys not only of education, but also of basic social\nand psychological support, child protection\n\n\n\nservices, and, for many, access to school feeding\nprograms.\n\n**Worsening socio-economic situations** also\nexpose children to a variety of forms of\nexploitation and abuse, such as child labour, child\ntrafficking, and child marriage.\n\n\n**Confinement to home** has led to increased\nviolence, including sexual and gender-based\nviolence against children and limited their options\nto seek assistance. Caregivers, women and girls\nin particular, are vulnerable to such violence, as\nthey are left exposed to harmful family coping\nmechanisms in times of crisis. In Chad, UNHCR\u2019s\nmost recent monitoring showed that more than\n71% of refugee women who reported\nexperiencing physical violence identified their\nhusband/partners as the perpetrators.\n\nThis brief provides a snapshot of child protection\ninterventions by UNHCR and its partners during\nthe pandemic, covering community engagement,\ncase management, alternative care and capacity\nbuilding. In addition to working with children and\ncommunities, UNHCR also engages with\nauthorities through policy advocacy in the context\nof COVID-19, such as to end immigration\ndetention of children.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2020 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66a7ead2-5a6d-3bbf-bedc-bac048ebb621/Protecting%20forcibly%20displaced%20children%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20-%20UNHCR%20response%20and%20field%20practices.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## participation of children\n\n_UNHCR supported the resilience and capacities of displaced children themselves, their families and_\n_communities_ _to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19._\n\nUNHCR has been engaging and supporting recreational activities during the lockdown.\ncommunities through two-way communication UNHCR also developed videos to disseminate\nabout the risks of COVID-19 and providing child- distance-learning opportunities made available by\nfriendly access to accurate information. Raising the Ministry of Education. UNHCR also worked\nthe awareness of children and communities about with Save the Children to conduct recreational\nCOVID-19 risks and mitigation methods builds activities, through Zoom, for three of the five\ntheir confidence and empowers them to take on shelters where child friendly spaces have been\ngreater responsibility for their own safety and operating in the north of the country\nprotection \u2013 not only protection from COVID-19,\nbut also the other protection risks during the In Malawi, 1,000 SMS messages were sent to\npandemic. individuals in the refugee community with\n\ninformation on the new referral management\n\nTo ensure that children have age appropriate and system, human rights, SGBV and child protection\naccurate information, UNHCR uses child-friendly issues.\ncommunication methods. Depending on their\nage, gender, cultural/religious identity and In Serbia, UNHCR trained a group of\neducation level, messages have been designed unaccompanied children, who had assumed the\nin consultation with parents, caregivers and with role of peer educators, on COVID-19 protective\nthe children themselves, and delivered through measures and on GBV core concepts and\nthe use of creative and interactive approaches services.\nsuch as posters, songs, story-telling and drama.\n\nIn Syria, awareness sessions and dissemination\n\nUNHCR and partners continue to identify and of COVID-19 information were provided remotely\nsupport community-based mechanisms to protect through virtual platforms and SMS messaging.\nchildren, including child protection committees, Communication and meetings were held with the\nparenting groups, adolescent clubs, community community-based child protection structures\nvolunteers, sports and the establishment of child (Children Clubs and Child Welfare Committees)\nfriendly spaces, and life-skills education groups. through WhatsApp and other online platforms to\nOperations and partners map the community disseminate referral pathways updates and key\nactors to further facilitate and enhance their roles protection messages.\nvis-a-vis the aforementioned mechanisms to\nprotect children and their communities. In Ukraine, UNHCR shared important information\n\non its online refugee youth platform, including\n\nIn Mexico, UNHCR, in collaboration with IOM and useful links for free online courses that was used\nUNICEF, developed child-friendly information for social interactions and peer-to-peer support.\nmaterials on COVID-19 and supported\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2020 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66a7ead2-5a6d-3bbf-bedc-bac048ebb621/Protecting%20forcibly%20displaced%20children%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20-%20UNHCR%20response%20and%20field%20practices.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR strengthened prevention mechanisms, and children at risk were identified and supported_\n_through prioritized, targeted services._\n\n\n\nProtection risks for children are further\ncompounded by restrictions on movement and\nsocial distancing measures, which has inhibited\nUNHCR, and its partners\u2019, ability to respond to\nchildren\u2019s protection needs. UNHCR has worked\nto adapt prevention measures, identification of\nchildren at risk and Best Interests Procedures for\nthose children who require individualised support\nin response to such measures.\n\nAdvocacy to ensure access to children at\nheightened risk is carried out throughout UNHCR\noperations, enabling UNHCR and partners to\nconduct face-to-face interviews and follow-up for\nhigh risk cases.\n\nProcedures for remote case management have\nbeen developed and are being implemented. This\nincludes remote assessments for low and\nmedium risk cases, and remote counselling\nsessions undertaken in Ecuador, Pakistan,\nUkraine and Bangladesh.\n\nAround the globe, UNHCR and partners revisited\nand updated the case prioritisation criteria to\nensure that the most critical child protection cases\nare identified and monitored, and existing cases\ncontinue to receive follow-up and support.\n\nIn Jordan, Morocco and Panama, and elsewhere,\nUNHCR and partners have expanded help/hotline\nservices by re-deploying staff, who would have\nbeen directly accessible, to call centres to provide\nadvice and guidance to children and their\nfamilies.\n\nBest Interest Procedures, Standard Operating\nProcedures and referral pathways have been\nupdated and/or additional protocols have been\ndeveloped in multiple countries, including\n\n\n\nThailand, Ecuador, Lebanon and Uganda. This is\nfurther supported by country-specific guidance to\nstaff on safe home-visits and case management.\n\nIn Uganda, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Cameroon\nand other countries UNHCR, with its partners,\nhave been updating their respective maps of\navailable services and community support\nstructures to identify children at risk and the\nappropriate response and support mechanisms.\n\nIn Tanzania, Lebanon, Ethiopia, Egypt and\nUganda, UNHCR and partners have been\nworking to strengthen the role of community case\nworkers within Best Interest Procedures. This\nincludes providing updated contact lists, and\ndocumentation, as well as remote coaching and\nsupervision, in addition to stipends to cover\ncommunication and transportation costs.\n\nOn-line Best Interest Determination panel\nmeetings have been strengthened in Morocco\nand Turkey, providing additional support to panel\nmembers on confidentiality, mechanisms to\nformally indicate their views on cases, and on the\ndocumentation of decisions.\n\nIn collaboration with the Education unit, UNHCR\nin Burkina Faso and Mali distributed 3,200 solarpowered radio sets to refugee children to ensure\nthey could have access to the distance learning\nprogrammes broadcast through national and\ncommunity radios. This ensured that children\nwere productively engaged, and families were\ninvolved in their children\u2019s education, which\npromoted family unity and reduced stress both at\nhome and within communities.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2020 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66a7ead2-5a6d-3bbf-bedc-bac048ebb621/Protecting%20forcibly%20displaced%20children%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20-%20UNHCR%20response%20and%20field%20practices.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR and partners worked to ensure that unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) continue_\n_to receive on-going monitoring, while newly separated children are placed in appropriate temporary_\n_care arrangements._\n\nRestriction measures, and the subsequent impact operation has also been working with families and\non the household income has had a significant individuals to identify caregivers for\neffect on families\u2019 ability to continue to care for unaccompanied children.\nunaccompanied and separated children. In\naddition, these measures also prevent UNHCR In Ecuador and Jordan, UNHCR and partners,\nstaff and partners from carrying out the together with the national child protection\nmonitoring of alternative care arrangements, and systems have increased the capacity for\nthe identification of new unaccompanied and community-level identification of unaccompanied\nseparated children. The COVID-19 pandemic and separated children, and organised\nhas also prevented the identification of temporary transportation to care facilities. Capacity-building\ncare arrangements for children who are and support to the national system continues to\nseparated from their parent(s) or caregiver(s) who be strengthened through the deployment of\nhave been hospitalised \u2013 which continues to be UNHCR staff to the national system \u2013 one of\nan additional challenge and presents a significant many mechanisms of cooperation established\nprotection risk to the child or children. before the pandemic.\n\nIn order to respond effectively, operations have In Ethiopia, UNHCR and partners have scaled up\nreviewed their planned projects, reprioritised the identification of potential foster families\nactivities and reallocated funds towards child through increased community engagement. In\nprotection responses during the COVID-19 addition, prevention of secondary separation is\npandemic. being addressed through the provision of two\nmonths of cash-based assistance to known\n\nThroughout various operations, including Ethiopia vulnerable families in need of support.\nand Ecuador, monitoring of care arrangements\nare also taking place through phone calls and In Serbia, UNHCR partners - Danish Refugee\nthrough the mobilization of refugee volunteers. Council and CRPC - trained UASC Peer\n\nEducators on COVID-19 protective measures.\n\nIn Ukraine, UNHCR has increased emergency\nassistance to unaccompanied and separated\nchildren to cover their basic needs and rent. The\n\n## Strengthening capacities to adapt child protection programming\n\n_Timely and appropriate child protection through effective guidance, support and training._\n\nUNHCR HQ Child Protection Unit, in collaboration protection case management during the COVIDwith the Alliance for Child Protection in 19 pandemic. The latter showcased examples\nHumanitarian Action, co-organized three global from the field and provided a forum for\nwebinars on: child protection and COVID-19: exchanging methodologies used in response to\nconsiderations for refugee settings; alternative the increased incidents of child protection risks\ncare during COVID-19; and adapting child and movement restrictions.\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2020 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66a7ead2-5a6d-3bbf-bedc-bac048ebb621/Protecting%20forcibly%20displaced%20children%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20-%20UNHCR%20response%20and%20field%20practices.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa,\ntogether with the Child Protection Unit at HQ,\norganised a series of regional webinars for\nUNHCR staff on increasing the quality of\nalternative care and responding to the needs of\nnewly separated children in the region, in addition\nto engaging community volunteers in the\ndevelopment of Best Interests Procedures.\n\n\nThe Refugee Child Protection Online Community\nof Practice has been updated by the Child\nProtection Unit at HQ to provide COVID-19\nrelated news, guidance, tools and other\ninformation. The Community of Practice\nencourages child protection workers and\nmanagers to contribute questions,\nrecommendations, field practices, and guidance\nso that, collaboratively, continually improving\nchild protection responses during the COVID-19\npandemic can be shaped and better outcomes\nachieved.\n\n\n\nWith global partners, and support from the Swiss\nGovernment, UNHCR\u2019s Child Protection Unit\ndeveloped a Massive Online Open Course\n(MOOC) on adapting child protection case\nmanagement during the pandemic. Targeting\nfrontline workers, the six-week course provides\npractical guidance and peer exchange on key\napproaches to responding to the protection needs\nof individual children at risk. As of mid-July, over\n7,000 individuals were registered to participate in\nthe course.\n\nUNHCR also provided input into the Alliance for\nChild Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s\ntechnical guidance on the _Protection of Children_\n_During the Coronavirus Pandemic_, and the\nthematic annexes thereto on case management,\nalternative care, working with communities,\ndomestic violence and abuse.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR, Division of International Protection, Field Protection Service**\nChild Protection Unit\nEmail: hqchipro@unhcr.org\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2020 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66a7ead2-5a6d-3bbf-bedc-bac048ebb621/Protecting%20forcibly%20displaced%20children%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20-%20UNHCR%20response%20and%20field%20practices.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_541/raw/doc_541_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_541/raw/doc_541_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e844a4a736b1845427d33683b66f8a6f7c55cade..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_541/raw/doc_541_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Analyse de Protection**\n### **Juillet 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **R\u00e9sum\u00e9**\n\nL\u2019environnement de protection au Niger de janvier \u00e0 juin 2022 dans les 4\nr\u00e9gions de Tahoua, Tillab\u00e9ri, Maradi, et Diffa a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des\nincursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANEs) avec comme\ncons\u00e9quences de nouveaux mouvements de population et des violations\ndes droits humains. Au 08 juin 2022, le Niger comptait 307 407\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans les 4 r\u00e9gions.\n\n\nFigure 1 : Chiffre des PDI par r\u00e9gion au 30 juin 2022\n\nLes violations des droits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les GANEs ont \u00e9t\u00e9\npr\u00e9dominantes dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri, Tahoua et Maradi. En\nrevanche \u00e0 Diffa, ce sont les violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement\nqui ont pr\u00e9domin\u00e9 \u00e0 travers les enl\u00e8vements de personnes.\n\n\n\nLes violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique sous forme d\u2019agressions\nphysiques et du droit \u00e0 la vie ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 commises dans les 4 r\u00e9gions,\ny compris une augmentation d\u2019incidents li\u00e9s aux Engins Explosifs\nImprovis\u00e9s. La vision des autorit\u00e9s de favoriser le retour des PDIs dans\nleurs villages d\u2019origine est rest\u00e9e en vigueur et certaines personnes\ndeplac\u00e9es sont retourn\u00e9es dans leurs zones d\u2019origine pendant la p\u00e9riode\nen cours.\n\nIl sied de signaler cependant qu\u2019\u00e0 part le contexte des violations des\ndroits par les GANEs, certaines r\u00e9gions ont connu des incidents issus de\nbandes criminelles tel qu\u2019\u00e0 Maradi. Outre cette situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, le\nNiger est touch\u00e9 par une crise alimentaire d\u00fb au d\u00e9ficit de production,\nde la crise des prix alimentaires et du contexte s\u00e9curitaire dans ses zones\nfrontali\u00e8res avec le Nigeria, le Mali et le Burkina Faso ainsi que dans le\nbassin du lac Tchad. La recrudescence des incidents de protection\nimpacte n\u00e9gativement la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les moyens d\u2019existence\ndes populations en proie \u00e0 ces violences perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des GANEs.\n\n_**M\u00e9thodologie**_\n_Ce rapport narratif illustre la situation de protection au Niger entre janvier et_\n_juin 2022. Il s\u2019est inspir\u00e9 principalement des contributions de diff\u00e9rents groupes_\n_de travail protection de 4 r\u00e9gions lors de la retraite du Cluster Protection tenue_\n_au mois de mars 2022. Ces contributions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par diverses_\n_ressources humanitaires, conversations informelles, rapports de monitoring de_\n_protection, \u00e9valuations rapides de protection (ERP), Humanitarian Situation_\n_Monitoring (HSN). Ce rapport a \u00e9t\u00e9 guid\u00e9 par les lignes directrices du Protection_\n_Analytical Framework._\n\n_**R\u00e9serves**_\n_La collecte d\u2019informations demeure difficile eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 la situation s\u00e9curitaire du_\n_Niger. De ce fait, certaines statistiques ici partag\u00e9es sont approximatives et_\n_devraient \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une indication de la situation de protection_\n_au Niger. De plus, les donn\u00e9es statistiques du monitoring de protection sont_\n_limit\u00e9es \u00e0 certaines communes auxquelles les partenaires ont acc\u00e8s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une_\n_interaction avec les points focaux communautaires._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. CONTEXTE ET VUE D\u2019ENSEMBLE**\n\n**a.** **Contexte politique et socio\u00e9conomique**\n\nAu cours du 1er semestre 2022, le Niger a poursuivi son ambition de\nr\u00e9tablir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue de son territoire \u00e0 travers la lutte\ncontre les incursions des GANEs. Les op\u00e9rations militaires ont toutefois\nr\u00e9duit l\u2019acc\u00e8s des humanitaires aux populations vuln\u00e9rables dans le\nbesoin comme ce fut par exemple le cas \u00e0 Bosso et Toumour dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Diffa ou \u00e0 Makalondi et Goroual dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri.\nCertaines mesures gouvernementales comme la restriction de\nmouvements et/ou l\u2019utilisation de certains moyens de d\u00e9placements ont\neu pour effet la limitation de l\u2019intervention humanitaire. Elles ont parfois\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de certaines couches de population\nen raison de contraintes s\u00e9curitaires ou socio-\u00e9conomiques (Etat\nd\u2019urgence, escorte, fermeture des march\u00e9s ou des stations de vente de\ncarburant, etc.).\n\n\nEn raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, tr\u00e8s peu de personnes ont eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs\nterres. La campagne agricole d\u2019hivernage 2021 n\u2019a pas r\u00e9pondu aux\nattentes des producteurs. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par un d\u00e9marrage tardif\ndes pluies, une mauvaise r\u00e9partition de celles-ci dans l\u2019espace et dans le\ntemps, de longues s\u00e9quences s\u00e8ches sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire\nr\u00e9sultant en une flamb\u00e9e des prix au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022.\n\nCertains facteurs issus des incursions des GANEs tels que l\u2019extorsion des\nb\u00e9tails et l\u2019imposition du paiement de l\u2019indu \u00e0 la population par les\nGANEs appauvrissent davantage les populations civiles. Des sommes\nimportantes sont collect\u00e9es par les GANEs et accompagn\u00e9es par des\nmenaces de mort. La limitation de mouvements et l\u2019interdiction des\nrassemblements (fermeture des march\u00e9s) ainsi que l\u2019interdiction\nd\u2019exercer certaines activit\u00e9s lucratives par les femmes continuent \u00e0\nrendre plus vuln\u00e9rables certaines couches socio-\u00e9conomiques de la\npopulation.\n\n\n\n**b.** **Cadre l\u00e9gal**\n\nLe Niger garde le m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre le premier pays d\u2019Afrique \u00e0 avoir adopt\u00e9\nen 2018 une loi nationale portant sur la protection et l\u2019assistance des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes. Il y a eu certaines avanc\u00e9es dans\nl\u2019application de cette loi au cours de la p\u00e9riode en revue avec l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9\nn\u00b004/MAH/GC/SG/DL du 28 f\u00e9vrier 2022 portant d\u00e9signation des\nmembres du Comit\u00e9 de Coordination nationale de protection et\nd\u2019assistance aux PDI et l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 n\u00b005/MAH/GC/SG/DL du 28 f\u00e9vrier 2022\nportant cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un groupe de travail sur les d\u00e9placements de\npopulation, retours et solutions durables.\n\nToutefois, au niveau du paysage institutionnel, il est \u00e0 noter la faible\npr\u00e9sence des acteurs \u00e9tatiques dans certaines localit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**c.** **R\u00e9sum\u00e9 du contexte de protection**\n\nAu cours du 1er semestre 2022, le Niger a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une crise\ns\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les quatre r\u00e9gions pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es (Tillab\u00e9ri,\nTahoua, Diffa et Maradi). L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les quatre r\u00e9gions du Niger a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 notamment illustr\u00e9e \u00e0 travers 107 alertes (flashs infos) et 45\n\u00e9valuations rapides de protection re\u00e7ues par le Cluster Protection, via ses\nmembres rapportant sur la situation de protection. Il convient\nnotamment de noter les nouveaux mouvements de population \u00e0 travers\nle pays entrainant plus de 23 898 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes pendant\ncette p\u00e9riode. Une diminution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des incidents de protection est\ncependant \u00e0 noter. Du 1er janvier au 30 juin 2022, 1 477 incidents de\nprotection ayant touch\u00e9 6 866 personnes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s contre 1 843\nincidents rapport\u00e9s au 2\u00e8me semestre de 2021.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cela pourrait \u00eatre d\u00fb au renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au niveau des points\nd\u2019entr\u00e9e des GANEs, ainsi qu\u2019au renoncement momentan\u00e9 par des\nGANEs des zones frontali\u00e8res appauvries par les vols et les extorsions des\nbiens. Dans le m\u00eame temps, il convient de constater une hausse des\nincidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) ou mines, au nombre\nde 35 au premier semestre 2022 contre 20 au dernier semestre 2021.\n\n\n##### Risque 1 : Extorsion de biens\n\n854 cas d\u2019extorsions de biens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les 4 r\u00e9gions du\nNiger pendant la p\u00e9riode en revue. Ils se sont manifest\u00e9s sous forme de\ncollecte de la d\u00eeme, de vols et pillages de b\u00e9tail et autres biens de valeur.\nA Tahoua, dans les communes de Tillia et Takanamat, le montant pr\u00e9lev\u00e9\nau titre de la d\u00eeme pour le mois de mars s\u2019est \u00e9l\u00e9v\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 11 000 000\nFCFA. Cette situation a accentu\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et la pauvret\u00e9 des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\nUne pr\u00e9sence consid\u00e9rable des GANEs venus des pays voisins a \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9e \u00e0 Tahoua et a eu pour cons\u00e9quence l\u2019augmentation des\nextorsions de biens entrainant des d\u00e9placements de la population.\nCertains d\u00e9partements de Tahoua ont accueilli pour la premi\u00e8re fois des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, comme ce fut le cas de Bagaroua qui a accueilli\nenviron 484 m\u00e9nages de 2 670 personnes. La population s\u2019appauvrit \u00e0\ntravers le destockage de leur b\u00e9tail afin d\u2019\u00e9viter le paiement de la d\u00eeme,\nle vol et le pillage par les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\nIl ressort des r\u00e9sultats du Humanitarian Situation Monitoring (HSM) de\nmars 2022 (dans le cadre de l\u2019initiative REACH, consortium des ONGs\nIMPACT et ACTED) que dans 74% des localit\u00e9s \u00e9valu\u00e9es au nord de la\nr\u00e9gion de Tahoua, la majorit\u00e9 de la population ne se sentait pas en\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9. Selon la m\u00eame source, les vols de b\u00e9tails, constituaient \u00e0 84%,\nla principale inqui\u00e9tude de la population en mati\u00e8re de protection.\n\n##### Risque 2 : Enl\u00e8vement de personnes\n\n134 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements touchant 324 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans\nles 4 r\u00e9gions du Niger dont 161 personnes \u00e0 Diffa. Les enl\u00e8vements de\ncivils avec ou sans demande de ran\u00e7ons, ont divers impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur\nla population. Ils entrainent notamment des traumatismes\npsychologiques et physiques, ainsi qu\u2019une perte des moyens de\nsubsistance. L\u2019impact psychologique se traduit par le d\u00e9sarroi dans les\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **2. PRINCIPAUX RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\nGraphique 2 : Principaux types d\u2019incidents de protection\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "familles ayant enregistr\u00e9 des cas de membres enl\u00e9v\u00e9s. Les personnes\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9es ou ayant r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 fuir des mains des GANEs, sont stigmatis\u00e9es.\nLes jeunes lib\u00e9r\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentent de signes de d\u00e9pression et d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 en\nraison de la maltraitance, des intimidations et des traitements cruels et\nd\u00e9gradants. Ils sont souvent t\u00e9moins d\u2019assassinats, participent aux\nactivit\u00e9s illicites et autres exactions contre leur volont\u00e9.\n\nLes mouvements de population et autres pratiques de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont\nenclench\u00e9s pour \u00e9chapper aux enl\u00e8vements. Les populations ont\ntendance \u00e0 se r\u00e9fugier dans les zones qu\u2019elles estiment plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\nCertains parents se voient dans l\u2019obligation de se s\u00e9parer de leurs\nenfants, notamment leurs filles pour les mettre en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en dehors\nde leurs localit\u00e9s afin de pr\u00e9venir des potentiels enl\u00e8vements et\nviolences sexuelles (mariage forc\u00e9, grossesse forc\u00e9e, viol, agression\nsexuelle etc,) par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANEs.\n\nC\u2019est aussi le cas des personnes handicap\u00e9es ou \u00e2g\u00e9es qui se retrouvent\ns\u00e9par\u00e9es de leurs r\u00e9seaux de soutien au niveau communautaire ainsi\nque de leurs aides techniques. Ceci pose avec acuit\u00e9 la probl\u00e9matique\nde s\u00e9paration des familles, qui a de lourdes cons\u00e9quences dans la vie\ntant des filles que des gar\u00e7ons, ainsi que celles des personnes\nhandicap\u00e9es et \u00e2g\u00e9es. Sur le plan \u00e9conomique, les enl\u00e8vements\npaup\u00e9risent les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 cause des fortes ran\u00e7ons exig\u00e9es pour\nla lib\u00e9ration des personnes enlev\u00e9es. Certaines personnes proc\u00e8dent\naux paiements pr\u00e9ventifs des ran\u00e7ons pour ne pas \u00eatre enlev\u00e9es.\n\n##### Risque 3 : Attaques contre les civils et les infrastructures\n\nLes agressions physiques se commettent pour la plupart dans les milieux\npublics notamment dans les march\u00e9s et sur les axes routiers. 172 cas\nd\u2019agressions physiques/ coups et blessures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 dans les 4\nr\u00e9gions. Les personnes qui sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es de collaborer avec les\nforces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) sont agress\u00e9es ou assassin\u00e9es par\nles GANEs ainsi que les personnes ne respectant pas les pr\u00e9ceptes\n\n\n\nde l\u2019Islam tel que les femmes qui ne portent pas le voile, les femmes qui\nvont dans des lieux publics dont les march\u00e9s, les personnes qui fument\nla cigarette ou \u00e9coutent de la musique. Cette situation est en train\nd\u2019aggraver le risque de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s sans aucun\nd\u00e9bouch\u00e9 sur les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus du fait de la pr\u00e9sence\ndes GANEs sur les axes routiers.\n\nLes populations des 4 r\u00e9gions ont un acc\u00e8s de plus en plus limit\u00e9 aux\nservices sociaux de base tels que les \u00e9coles. Du 1 [er] octobre 2021 au 23\njuin 2022, la DREN (Direction R\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Education Nationale) via le\nCluster Education a rapport\u00e9 310 classes incendi\u00e9es pour cause\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et autres faits inad\u00e9quats. Au mois de f\u00e9vier 2022, le\nmonitoring de protection a rappport\u00e9 3 \u00e9coles incendi\u00e9es \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri\n(Magou et Bankata dans la commune de Makalondi et Nikoye dans la\ncommune de Torodi). Ceci accentue les mariages pr\u00e9coces des filles et le\nd\u00e9s\u0153uvrement des jeunes pouvant conduire \u00e0 l\u2019enr\u00f4lement aux groupes\narm\u00e9s. Il y a aussi des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins m\u00e9dicaux, le personnel\nsoignant fuyant les zones ins\u00e9cures. Les attaques aux infrastructures de\nservices de base comme les \u00e9coles, et la destruction des moyens de\ncommunication contribuent au traumatisme de la population et forcent\nla population \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer vers des zones s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\n##### Risque 4 : Retour pr\u00e9coce dans les zones de retour\n\nLe deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 caracteris\u00e9 par les pr\u00e9paratifs de\nretour dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et de Tillab\u00e9ri et par le retour des\npersones d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes de Tillab\u00e9ri dans leurs leurs zones d\u2019origine.\nA Diffa comme \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri, les autorit\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 la planifcation et\nles sensibilisations des PDIs au retour. A Tillab\u00e9ri par exemple, 630\nm\u00e9nages repr\u00e9sentant 4 462 personnes seraient retourn\u00e9s dans leurs\nvillages d\u2019origines. Ce retour pr\u00e9coce dans leurs zones d\u2019origine reste\naussi une des menaces aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes du Niger.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les conditions s\u00e9curitaires actuelles dans les villages d\u2019origine de la\nr\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri (Tchioma bangou, Swilli) ne seraient pas propices \u00e0 un\nretour en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et dignit\u00e9 \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019ils seraient des zones de\nconvoitise des GANEs et serviraient de base de replis et retranchement\nau vu des op\u00e9rations militaires en cours depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022\nau Niger et dans ses pays voisins. Ces zones seraient aussi des sources de\nrevenu pour les groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019elles regorgent de\nrichesses aurif\u00e8res exploit\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re artisanale. De plus dans la plus\npart de ces zones, les services sociaux de base ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits apr\u00e8s la\nfuite de la population et ne sont pas r\u00e9habilit\u00e9s pour la plupart.\n\n##### Risque 5 : Engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI)/mines\n\nLes crises humanitaires chroniques du Niger se sont aggrav\u00e9es par\nl'utilisation d'EEI en raison du conflit dans la r\u00e9gion du lac Tchad et dans\nla sous-r\u00e9gion du Liptako Gourma (zone des 3 fronti\u00e8res comprenant le\nMali, le Burkina Faso et le Niger). Au premier semestre 2022, on a\nenregistr\u00e9 35 incidents li\u00e9s aux EEI/mines, soit une augmentation de 14\nincidents par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2021 (janvier-juin 2021: 21\nincidents). Les r\u00e9gions de Diffa (10 incidents) et Tillab\u00e9ri (25 incidents)\nrestent les plus impact\u00e9es par la menace explosive, enregistrant tous les\nincidents du premier semestre 2022. On note n\u00e9anmoins cette ann\u00e9e,\nune inversion de tendance par rapport aux incidents enregistr\u00e9s par\nr\u00e9gion, Diffa connaissant un d\u00e9clin relatif et la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri une\naugmentation. Bien que les forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) restent\nla cible principale des attaques EEI, les communaut\u00e9s locales ne sont\npoint \u00e9pargn\u00e9es et sont de plus en plus victimes. Celles-ci s'exposent par\ninadvertance aux EEI, qui sont \u00e0 la fois complexes et difficiles \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter\navec un bilan de 9 victimes dont 4 tu\u00e9es et 5 bless\u00e9es entre janvier et\njuin 2022.\n\n\n\nFigure 2 : Carte des incidents de protection par r\u00e9gion\n\n### **3. EFFETS SUR LA POPULATION**\n\nLes populations sont fragilis\u00e9es et traumatis\u00e9es \u00e0 travers les violations\ncommises \u00e0 leur endroit. L\u2019adoption de strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9gatives de survie tel\nque le sexe de survie et la cr\u00e9ation/maintenance d\u2019initiatives civiles de\nvigilance s\u2019observent dans certaines localit\u00e9s. Il sied de signaler aussi le\nrisque de conflit intercommunautaire qui est nourri par ces initiatives \u00e0\nTahoua et au nord de Tillab\u00e9ri. Tr\u00e8s peu des ressources \u00e0 se partager entre\nla population h\u00f4te et d\u00e9plac\u00e9e internes pourrait aussi engendrer des\nm\u00e9sententes. Certaines localit\u00e9s s\u00e9curis\u00e9es sont sursatur\u00e9es avec comme\ncons\u00e9quence la promiscuit\u00e9 et le risque des violences sexuelles.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **4. CAPACITES DE LA POPULATION**\n\nLes populations de Diffa ont des m\u00e9canismes de protection fonctionnels\nd\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce (SCAPRU) et de r\u00e9ponse d\u2019urgence. Ces structures\nconstitu\u00e9es par les membres de la communaut\u00e9 alertent en cas des\nconflits et permettent une r\u00e9ponse rapide aux victimes. Elles jouent un\nr\u00f4le pr\u00e9pondrant dans la r\u00e9silience communautaire, dans la r\u00e9duction des\nrisques des catastrophes et dans le rel\u00e8vement pr\u00e9coce des\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\nA Tillab\u00e9ri, il existe aussi des structures communautaires et des comit\u00e9s\nde protection qui servent de pr\u00e9vention aux conflits intercommunautaires et de protection par le moyen de la m\u00e9diation des\nconflits.\n\n\n\nOn note \u00e9galement la pr\u00e9sence de certains leaders dans les localit\u00e9s\nd\u2019influence des GANEs \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri, ce qui met en confiance la population\net pr\u00e9vient les d\u00e9placements. Ces leaders remontent aussi discr\u00e8tement\ndes informations sur les incidents s\u00e9curitaires et les incidents de\nprotection aux points focaux en charge du monitoring. La maitrise des\nzones par la population leur permet d\u2019\u00e9viter les zones \u00e0 risques et de\nfaciliter la mobilit\u00e9 par exemple en cas de placement de mines dans leurs\nlocalit\u00e9s.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **5. REPONSE**\n\n**a.** **Apercu des activit\u00e9s de protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (janvier-juin 2022)**\n\n\nFigure 3 : Dashboard des r\u00e9alisations de protection\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b.** **Besoins non couverts**\n\nPlusieurs besoins ne sont pas couverts et n\u00e9cessitent l\u2019effort du\ngouvernement comme des humanitaires pour assurer la r\u00e9ponse de\nprotection aux populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es du Niger.\n\nIl s\u2019agit par exemple de :\n\n\n - L\u2019insuffisance de sites d\u2019accueil am\u00e9nag\u00e9s des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\nou tout autre dispositif d\u2019accueil \u00e0 Ayorou, Gotheye, Belaye dans\nla r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri ;\n\n - L\u2019insuffisance de prise en charge psychologique des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes sur les sites de Kim\u00e9ram, de N\u2019Gagala Arabe\ndans la commune de N\u2019Guigmi, r\u00e9gion de Diffa ; sur les sites de\nSanguil\u00e9, Kandadji, Ayorou, Gotheye, Famal\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de\nTillab\u00e9ri ;\n\n - L\u2019insuffisance des activit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion sociale et de cohabitation\npacifique \u00e0 Tillia et Tassara dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua et \u00e0\nBanibangou, Tondikiwindi, Ayorou, Gotheye dans la r\u00e9gion de\nTillab\u00e9ri ;\n\n - Le secteur des mines, des REG (restes explosifs de guerre) et EEI\n(engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s) demeure insuffisamment couvert \u00e0\nOuallam, Say, Banibangou, Makalondi, Dargol et Torodi dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri ;\n\n - L\u2019insuffisance des actions de pr\u00e9vention de VBG \u00e0 Gotheye dans\nla r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri et au site de Kim\u00e9ram \u00e0 N\u2019Guigmi dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Diffa ;\n\n - Le manque de documentation pour certains d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes \u00e0\nTondia dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri et au site de Kim\u00e9ram \u00e0\nN\u2019Guigmi dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa.\n\n\n\n**c.** **Suivi des financement de protection**\n\n\n\nGraphique 3 : Suivi des financements de protection via l\u2019outil du Cluster Protection\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **6. ACTIONS RECOMMANDEES**\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT NIGERIEN**\n\n - S\u00e9curiser la population civile des 4 r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es du Niger\navant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 pour pr\u00e9venir les d\u00e9placements et\nfaciliter le retour dans leurs zones d\u2019origine.\n\n - Am\u00e9nager des sites ou autres dispositifs d\u2019accueil pour les\nnouveaux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les assister selon les besoins\nidentifi\u00e9s.\n\n - Faciliter les autres solutions durables (int\u00e9gration locale dans\nles zones de d\u00e9placement et r\u00e9installation ailleurs dans le\npays) aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes qui ne voudront pas\nretourner dans leurs zones d\u2019origines.\n\n\n**AU HCT/CH**\n\n - Mobiliser la communaut\u00e9 internationale pour financer les\nprojets de protection en faveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes et mobiliser les leads sectoriels afin de r\u00e9pondre aux\nbesoins de ces personnes en tant qu\u2019agences de derniers\nrecours.\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS**\n\n - Assurer les financements apr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode des urgences pour\nle soutien \u00e0 long terme aux programmes de protection en\nfaveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n\n\n\n - Financer les activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention du domaine de\nresponsabilit\u00e9 lutte anti-mines ainsi que l\u2019assistance aux\npersonnes victimes des EEI dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri et Diffa\navant la fin de 2022 .\n\n\n**AUX CLUSTERS PROTECTION ET AUTRES ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n - Initier une analyse des risques de protection des\ncommunaut\u00e9s retourn\u00e9es de Diffa et Tillab\u00e9ri afin de d\u00e9finir\nles objectifs de protection en faisant notamment le lien avec\nles questions d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base et explorer les voies\nde r\u00e9duction des risques y relatifs.\n\n - Mettre \u00e0 jour la cartographie des services de protection\nexistants avant la fin 2022 dans les 4 r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es au Niger\nen y associant les services de sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour\nfaciliter le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et la prestation des services en\nfaveur des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n - Intensifier des missions de redevabilit\u00e9 avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2022 pour discerner la mani\u00e8re dont les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\nper\u00e7oivent l\u2019assistance en protection.\n\n - Intensifier des missions sur le terrain avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2022 pour mesurer la qualit\u00e9 des services de protection\ndispens\u00e9s par les acteurs de protection en faveur des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64bb6e1c-43c5-44cb-9a6a-3d9a1b79cbde/Protection-Analysis-Update_Niger_July2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_542/raw/doc_542_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_542/raw/doc_542_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4598dfb2906055f8ae1cd651d653fdf1eb1980da..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_542/raw/doc_542_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,369 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **May 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **REPORT SUMMARY**\n\nThe conflict that broke out in November 2020 in the Tigray region and\nwhich has expanded into the Amhara and Afar regions since 2021, has\nhad serious political, social, and economic impacts on the North of\nEthiopia. The conflict has greatly impacted the lives of millions of\npeople, particularly, women and girls, persons with specific protection\nneeds, youth and minority groups.\n\n\nAs of December 2021, the Northern Ethiopia conflict accounted for\nmore than 50% of the IDP population across the country, displacing\nmore than 3 million people. As more people were forced to flee in\nsearch of safety and means of survival, their displacement has created\nor exacerbated protection risks and vulnerabilities among IDPs and\nhosting communities. There are concerns of various serious human\nrights violations committed against civilian populations including:\nunlawful killings; attacks on civilians; gender and conflict-related\nsexual violence; limited access to basic services; and family\nseparation.\n\n\nAcross the Northern region, an estimated 11.2 million people need\nhumanitarian assistance. Food insecurity, high malnutrition rates, the\ncollapse of the health system and scarcity of public services have led\nto negative coping strategies, including begging, child labour and\nincreased intimate partner violence.\n\n\nAccess constraints have changed in nature but have persisted\nthroughout the conflict, with changing levels of armed conflict,\ninsecurity and operational constraints. These have contributed to\nsuspension of activities of most humanitarian organisations, with\nlimited presence of some partners across the three regions, amidst\non-going displacements and IDP returns. Humanitarian needs for the\naffected populations continue to be extremely high in terms of\nseverity and scale, and the extent of protection risks.\n\n\n\n**Severity Scale of the Covered Geographical Areas**\n\n\n**KEY PROTECTION FIGURES**\n\n_Attack on civilian population:_ 3,994 casualties over the past 2 years.\n\n_People in Need (Protection):_ 3 million.\n\n_People reached:_ 250,000 out of 2.3 million people targeted in the sectors\nof CP, GBV, HLP, MA and Protection.\n\n_Funding:_ $67.3 M required for priority protection responses. As of 30\nApril, protection partners have received. $13.4 million. Funding gap is\n$53.9 M (80 %).\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Methodology**\n\n\nThis report has been developed through a desk review of data and\nreports from various sources including UNHCR Ethiopia Protection\nmonitoring reports, Inter-agency multi-sectoral reports and a\nProtection Integrated Rapid Assessment report of February 2022,\nhighlighting findings of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus\nGroup Discussions (FGDs) of the assessed location. Other sources are:\nOCHA Situation Reports, IOMDTM, HNO/HRP, WFP Countrywide\nMonthly Market Watch Bulletin, OHCHR-EHRC Joint Investigation\nTeam report, Human Rights Watch and ACAPS reports. Consultations\nwith Protection Clusters across the region was key to prioritization of\nthe protection risks.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nOperational constraints impacted data collection and conduct of\nhumanitarian activities required for gathering information among\nhumanitarian actors and local authorities. Verification of\ndisplacement figures is difficult given access constraints in conflict\naffected areas in Tigray, Amhara and Afar, fluid conflict lines and\nsimultaneous IDP returns.\n\n\n**1.** **CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\n\n**Security and operating environment**\n\n\nAfter withdrawal of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces ( ENDF)\nfrom Tigray in June 2021, fighting within Tigray substantially\ndecreased, although airstrikes and drone attacks remain a major\nthreat. Between June 2021 and March 2022, a number of airstrikes\nwere reported, resulting in deaths and damage to property. There is\nstill active conflict in the Western zone in Tigray and along the border\nareas with Eritrea. Further, insecurity along the Eastern zone border\nwith Eritrea, has recently led to new displacements to Adigrat and\nErob woredas.\n\n\n\nActive conflict along the Afar-Abala- Mekele corridor, and other\nsurrounding areas with Tigray, and restrictions at checkpoints\ncontinues to prevent the entry of humanitarian and commercial goods\nby road, severely limiting humanitarian response. All the Parties to\nthe Conflict have been implicated in setting up road blockades\ndelaying delivery of critical humanitarian supplies to Tigray.\n\n\nOn 24 March, the Government of Ethiopia declared an \u201cindefinite\nhumanitarian truce\u201d with the Tigrayan authorities accepting a\ntemporary cessation of hostilities in Afar. This was followed by\nwithdrawal of Tigray Forces from Afar on 12 April and resumption of\nhumanitarian convoys to Tigray on 14 April. Between 1 and 27 April, a\ntotal 142 trucks and 10 fuel tankers have entered Tigray - the first\nsince mid-December. According to the local authorities, regular aid\ndelivery of 100 trucks daily within \u201creasonable\u201d time is required to\nmeet current humanitarian needs. Thus, the relief supplies received\nso far remain far below what is needed. Airlifting of some critical relief\nsupplies that commenced in January is on-going with limited capacity,\nmainly to meet food, medicines and nutritional needs. Even with this\nprogress, limited cash and fuel in Tigray, continues to affect partners\u2019\ncapacity to respond to increasing humanitarian needs and protection\nrisks.\n\n\nDespite the marked reduction in fighting in Kilbati (Zone 2) and Fanti\n(Zone 4), following the agreement on humanitarian truce, the access\nsituation remains fragile with reports of looting of convoys by local\ncommunities at the end of March. The security situation remains\nextremely unstable with the duration and conditions of the truce\nremaining unclear.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the withdrawal of Tigray forces from Amhara region\nin December 2021, armed clashes continued in northern regions of\nAmhara in disputed woredas, causing more displacement in North\nwello, South Gondar and Wag Hamra, preventing humanitarian access\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Ethiopia Protection\nmonitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9815459847450256, - "start": 22, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.891347348690033, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6655693054199219, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9152381420135498, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.644093930721283, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-agency multi-sectoral reports", - "confidence": 0.7326321005821228, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6621571183204651, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Integrated Rapid Assessment report", - "confidence": 0.6230892539024353, - "start": 33, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.734400749206543, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the conflict-affected areas. Although no clashes have been reported\nacross Amhara since March, instability along the Tigray-Amhara\nborder persists and impacts humanitarian access.\n\n\n**Political and socio-economic landscape**\n\n\nIn December 2021, the Government established a Commission to\noversee a national dialogue process, and steer healing and\nreconciliation. However, the impact of the national dialogue process\non the operating environment in the near future remains to be seen.\n\n\nEthiopia\u2019s inflation has remained high for the past years. The\nSeptember 2021 general year-on-year inflation rate and year-on-year\nfood inflation increased by 34.8 % and 42.0% respectively, resulting\nin severe food access constraints. In the North, disruption of farming\nactivities due to conflict, coupled with a below average harvests from\nprevious seasons, have resulted in severe food insecurity. As a result,\nnine million people need food assistance across the three regions. [1]\nInflationary pressures have led to a fall in the value of the ETB\nresulting in significant increases in the cost of living and prices of basic\ncommodities. The prices of maize, sorghum, and wheat grain are 51%,\n39% and 21% higher respectively in Tigray and Afar. Imported items\nsuch as rice and edible oil are sold at prices that are 166% and 141%\nhigher respectively.\n\n\nThe massive destruction of infrastructure in the region as a result of\nthe conflict and access constraints have further exacerbated the\neconomic crisis. A severe lack of cash in Tigray region continues to\nimpact humanitarian operations, market functionalities and people\u2019s\nlivelihoods. Reports highlight increasing humanitarian needs in the\nthree regions and the need to scale up responses, particularly in terms\n\n\n1 ACAPS (April 2022).\n\n\n\nof food, nutritional supplies, medical supplies, education, adequate\nshelter, and WASH facilities.\n\n\n**Institutional, legal and normative frameworks**\n\n\nThe Constitution of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia, 1995, includes a\ncomprehensive bill of rights chapter (Chapter III) encompassing a\ndetailed catalogue of human rights recognized under international\nhuman rights law. Further, the Constitution declares all ratified\ninternational agreements to be an integral part of Ethiopian law and\nrequires the rights and freedoms recognized by the Constitution to be\ninterpreted consistently with the principles of the Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and international human rights\ninstruments adopted by Ethiopia.\n\n\nEthiopia is a State party to core international human rights treaties. In\naddition, it is a State Party to regional human rights treaties including\nthe 2009 African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance\nof Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) and is\nbound by relevant rules of international human rights law. The\ncountry is in the process of developing a national law on protection\nand assistance to IDPs, in line with the Kampala Convention.\n\n\nCoordination of protection and assistance to IDPs in Ethiopia currently\nfalls within the management of emergencies and is generally guided\nby the 2013 National Disaster Risk Management Policy whose\nobjective is to establish a comprehensive and coordinated disaster\nrisk management system, including saving lives, protecting\nlivelihoods, and ensuring that all disaster affected people are provided\nwith recovery and rehabilitation. The Ethiopia Disaster Risk\nManagement Commission (EDRMC) oversees disaster risk\nmanagement including humanitarian response coordination in\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collaboration with Government line ministries, regional authorities,\nand national and international humanitarian organizations through\nNational Incident Management mechanims, including Emergency\nCoordination Centers (ECCs) and Incident Command Posts (ICPs).\n\n\nFurther to the above, during the last quarter of 2021 the Federal\nGovernment of Ethiopia set up emergency management mechanims\nto coordinate humanitarian response. The additional layers of\ncoordination resulted in major operational challenges for\nhumanitarian partners in moving supplies to conflict affected areas.\nThis was followed by announcements by the Federal Government of\nEthiopia of new measures to facilitate humanitarian assistance in the\nNorth in January 2022.\n\n\nFollowing institutional review of roles and responsibilities for IDPs\nwithin the Government that commenced in October 2021, the\nRefugee and Return Service (RRS) is envisaged to assume some\nresponsibility in coordination of protection and assistance to IDPs;\nhowever, the scope of the role has not been determined yet. It is\nanticipated that this institutional reforms and legislative development\nwill accord the country a specific framework, and adequate capacities\nfor protection and assistance to IDPs, towards more principled and\nprotection-focused humanitarian actions.\n\n#### **2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n2.1. CURRENT THREATS TO THE POPULATION\n\n\n**2.1.1.** **Forced displacement**\n\nAs a result of fighting in the different regions, over three million\ncivilians have been displaced internally, while over 54,000 people fled\nto Sudan. Over 1.8 million civilians fled their homes in Tigray, at\ndifferent intervals. The Tigrayan population, in particular, was\nsignificantly affected by the forced displacement in Western Tigray.\n\n\n\nAccording to OCHA reports, as of 17 February 2022, more than\n1,440,000 IDPs, forced to flee from the Western zone, roughly 80% of\ntotal IDPs (1.8 million) in Tigray, were sheltering in North Western\nzone and are unable to return home due to insecurity. The forced\ndisplacement of ethnic Amharas from their homes by the Samri youth\ngroup with the support of the local administration in Maikadra in\nNovember 2020 was followed by widespread retaliatory forcible\ndisplacements of ethnic Tigrayans mainly in Western Tigray by\nAmhara Special Forces, Amhara militia, and Fano. The forced\ndisplacements were committed on a broad scale and without lawful\njustification.\n\n\nThe displacements caused by different groups in Amhara have\nexacerbated the existing tensions between ethnic groups in areas\nwhere they once lived together, and which is proving to be a challenge\nin efforts to return IDPs in safety to their previous residences. As of\nMarch 2022, there were over 329,323 new IDPs in the north of\nAmhara as a result of ethnic conflicts. In Afar, there are 336,582 IDPs\ndisplaced from Afar - Tigray border areas due to conflicts between\nthe Tigray Forces and Afar Special Forces. Reports indicate that 90%\nof the displaced are female, children, elderly and persons with\ndisabilities (PWDs).\n\n\nParties to the conflict failed to provide special protection to older\npersons and PWDs. There are reported incidents of direct attacks\nagainst older persons and PWDs, including physical assault and rape.\nReports also show that PWDs as well as other vulnerable groups\nwalked for long hours and even days to arrive in IDP sites. IDPs arrived\nat displacement locations traumatized, exhausted, at times, physically\ninjured or having experienced separation from family members, loss\nof homes, documentation, and other belongings. Many persons with\ndisabilities fleeing lost their assistive devices and face an on-going\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disadvantage. Older persons expressed a feeling of abandonment due\nto the conflict.\n\n\nSince the conflict started, 40% of IDPs reside in collective centres,\nsuch as schools and other facilities that serve as temporary shelters\nfor prolonged periods. These are often severely overcrowded, lacking\nadequate facilities. Access to adequate shelter is a major concern with\napprox. 40,000 households in Afar requiring emergency shelter and\nnon-food-items while more than 1.7 million people in conflictaffected areas in Amhara require emergency shelters . About 60 % of\nthe IDPs live with host communities, where scarcity of resources and\nlimited or lack of access to essential services can often lead to tensions\nbetween the IDPs and the host communities they live among, leading\nto violence.\n\n\nDespite on-going IDP returns in Amhara, Tigray and Afar, the\nhumanitarian environment remains challenging. Inadequate shelter,\nfood insecurity and deprivation of basic services, and lack of access\nto legal remedies to claim property rights, are all threats, likely to lead\nto secondary displacement and exacerbate gender inequalities.\n\n\n**2.1.2.** **Attack on civilian populations and other unlawful**\n\n**killings, and attacks on civilian infrastructure**\n\nThe conflict has been characterized by widespread disregard for rules\nof international law and lack of protection of civilians since it began in\nNovember 2020. Incidents of extreme brutality targeting civilians,\nhave continued to be reported in Tigray, Amhara and Afar. [2] There are\nreports of unlawful killings of civilians and destruction of civilian\nobjects enjoying special protection under international humanitarian\n\n\n2 United Nations Security Council (2022), Report of the Secretary General on\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\nlaw, including private houses, hospitals, health centres, schools,\nplaces of worship, and/or indiscriminate attacks against them. A total\nof 810 incidents of: armed attack, airstrikes and drone attacks,\nshelling, artillery, missile attack, sexual violence, violent\ndemonstration, explosive landmine and mass violence, have been\nrecorded in the Tigray, Amhara and Afar since Jan. 2020 with a total\nof 3994 fatalities.\n\n\n_Figure 1_ below show incidents recorded in Tigray region. The\nincidents, substantially led to forced displacement in Western Tigray\nwith effects of lack of basic necessities, including medical services and\nsupport with mental health services.\n\n\n_Figure 1_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure in Tigray region: Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Similarly, during the brief occupation of some parts of Amhara region\nby the Tigrayan forces in November 2021, schools, universities and\nmedical facilities lack essential equipment due to attacks, looting, and\nvandalizing of public infrastructures perpetrated by the Tigrayan\nforces. As a result, most of the facilities have stopped functioning,\npreventing civilians from accessing basic services. The incidents in\nAmhara region are shown in _Figure 2_ below.\n\n\n_Figure 2_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure in Amhara region: Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n\nThe incidents recorded by ACCLED are corroborated by reports of\nhumanitarian actors indicating that from 22 June 2021 to date,\nairstrikes and drone attacks in Tigray and Afar regions have resulted\nin over 1,070 civilian casualties, among them 387 deaths. According\nto humanitarian reports, 57 children (15%) are among those killed and\n80 children (12%) are among the wounded in Tigray and Afar as a\nresult of drone attacks and airstrikes. This situation was exacerbated\nby limited access to medical facilities caused by the damage and\nlooting of health facilities in the two regions as well as limited medical\nsupplies.\n\n\nAmong the reported\nincidents by humanitarian\nactors, is the killing or\ninjury of over 244 civilians\nby airstrikes in Tigray in\nJune 2021, while 12 civilian\ncasualties were recorded\nin July. It is reported that\nthe month of October\n2021 saw an increase in\nthe number of airstrikes\nand drone attacks in Tigray\nwith a total of 10\nincidents, resulting in 64\ndeaths or injuries.\n\nsignificant increase in _population and attacks on civilian_\ncivilian casualties, with _Infrastructure in Afar region: Source:_\n\nACCLED (2022)\n\n250 civilian deaths and\ninjuries reported in Tigray. During this period, two deadly incidents\noccurred in Alamata area, leading to death or injury of 153 civilians,\n49 of them being children.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The highest number of incidents was reported in January 2022, during\nwhich period 19 airstrikes and drone attacks led to more than 454\ncivilian casualties in Afar and Tigray (183 deaths and 271 injuries). Of\nthe said, was the deadly attack on Dedebit IDP site in Tigray that\nresulted in 59 deaths, 139 injuries and 44 critical injuries, and the\nairstrike in Mai Aini refugee camp that resulted in the death of three\nrefugees and injury of four others. During the month of January 2022,\non-going clashes at Abala in Afar region resulted in over 62 deaths or\ninjuries among IDPs reported to be travelling in public transport. The\ntotal number of incidents in Afar region as recorded by ACCLED is\nshown in _Figure 3_ above.\n\n\nLooting and destruction of objects indispensable to the survival of the\ncivilian population, including crops, foodstuffs, and livestock\ncontributed to lack of critical life-saving support, particularly in Tigray.\nFollowing the attacks, unexploded ordinance poses a high risk of\nkillings and maiming of civilians including children, and many roads\nand buildings are unsafe for civilian use and aid delivery.\n\n\n**2.1.3.** **Denial of life-saving and basic services**\n\nThe war resulted in damage to infrastructure, impacting delivery of\nlife-saving services. Access to critical services such as healthcare,\nportable water, adequate shelter and sanitation, has been\nsignificantly curtailed by looting and damage to public infrastructure.\nSecurity measures imposed in the conflict affected areas, active\nconflict and lack of functional local administrative bodies for\ncoordination have had serious implications on the population\u2019s access\nto basic services and to humanitarian assistance, causing many relief\norganisations to reduce or suspend life-saving operations.\n\n\n3 UNHCR (Jan 2022), Ethiopia Protection Monitoring Report for Afar region.\n4 OCHA (April 2022).\n\n\n\nIn Afar, access to health services and education is assessed as bad or\nvery bad at 100% by key informants. Access to water and sanitation is\nat 97% and 99% inaccessibility respectively. Access to food is bad or\nvery bad according to 92% of key informants. [3] An estimated 3.9\nmillion people in Tigray need access to healthcare and 10 million in\nAmhara. [4] Looting and destruction of health facilities in all parts of\nnorthern region, by parties to the conflict, and the lack of supplies and\nequipment has resulted in virtual collapse of healthcare services, with\na direct impact on the right to health of the civilian population.\nDespite efforts by humanitarian organisations to track water every\nday, more than 3.5 million people in Tigray need access to safe\ndrinking water [5] . Access to education, has been impacted across the\nregion for approx. 150,000 children in Afar, 1.8 million in Amhara, and\n160,000 in Tigray, due to schools being closed, damaged and/or\ndestroyed by conflict, or schools being used to host IDPs as well as lack\nof scholastic material.\n\n\nReports reveal that over 9 million people are in need of food\nassistance in the three regions. [6] In Tigray, key informants reported\nfood and health services as top needs of IDPs and returnees. Due to\nfood insecurity situation and highly constrained humanitarian access,\nhumanitarian response has not been able to meet populations\u2019\ngrowing needs, especially in terms of food exacerbating levels of\npoverty and hunger. In most IDP centers in Tigray there has not been\nfood distribution for prolonged period and deaths caused by\nstarvation have been reported by protection partners and health\ncentres. Humanitarian food assistance needs of 79.4% of populations\nhas not been met, in April 2022. For example, an inter-agency\nassessment at the end of March in Eastern zone, identified that IDPs\nfrom Erob residing in their communities and others in Adigrat are in\n\n\n5 OCHA (2021).\n6 ACAPS (April 2022).\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "urgent need of food assistance. [7] Over 27,000 IDPs in Adigrat have not\nreceived food assistance for nine months. [8] 32% of reported deaths in\nErob zone are due to lack of access to health services or hunger.\n\n\nTigray region recorded severe malnutrition increase of 266% in\nDecember, depicting a deteriorating humanitarian situation.\nParticularly, the nutritional needs of persons with special needs,\nwomen, teenage girls, children under the age of five and the elderly\namong the IDPs, have not been met. Reports from health facilities and\nIDP sites shows that significant number of mothers and children have\nsuffered from life-threatening malnutrition to the extent of death. The\nestimated number of children with severe acute malnutrition\nestimation increased from 56,000 in 2021 to 115,829 in 2022 in Tigray,\nwith similar trends observed in Amhara and Afar regions. Lack of food\nis forcing IDPs to resort to negative coping mechanisms which further\nexposes them to protection risks. There are reports of increased\nbegging in major towns, particularly among IDPs due to exhaustion of\ncoping mechanims.\n\n\nThe encampment policy imposed on Tigrayans IDPs in Afar and\nAmhara, creates consequences for their lives, health and well-being,\nin particular with regards to access to critical services including food,\nwater and referrals to primary health care. Also, lack of proper\npersonal identification documents prevents IDPs from travelling past\ncheckpoints and to move freely or find work.\n\n\nIn addition, lack of access to basic services such as electricity,\ncommunications, and banking services was seriously undermined as a\ndirect result of the actions of the parties to the conflict or indirectly as\n\n\n7 OCHA (April 2022).\n8 OCHA (April 2022).\n9 United Nations Security Council (2022) Report of the Secretary General on\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\na result of failures to take measures to mitigate the impact of the\nconflict on civilian services and infrastructure. The consequences have\nsignificantly impacted the population\u2019s lives and livelihood. The\nvulnerability of the populations is further heightened particularly for\nthe at-risk groups.\n\n\nWomen and girls face multiple protection risks related to lack of\nmaterial needs leading to negative coping mechanisms. Particularly\nalarming are the reported instances of early marriage and school drop\nouts, both among girls and boys, as coping mechanisms that are\nsometimes or more commonly resorted to in Afar, Amhara and Tigray.\n\n\n**2.1.4.** **Gender and conflict-related sexual violence, and**\n\n**sexual exploitation and abuse**\n\nIncidents of conflict-related sexual violence have been reported since\nthe start of the conflict implicating all parties to the conflict. [9] Female\nIDPs who fled due to the conflict in Western zone allege a range of\nGBV concerns, including gang-rape by armed actors. [10] However, due\nto humanitarian access challenges, insecurity and lack of services to\naddress GBV, information documented does not capture the full scale\nand magnitude of the violations. As access improves, reports of GBV\nincidents among civilian populations, continue to emerge. For\nexample, a rapid assessment conducted by SWAN (Save the Children,\nWorld Vision, Action Against Hunger and Norwegian Refugee Council)\nconsortium in January 2022 in North Shewa, and North and South\nWollo zones of Amhara region reveals that 566 women and children,\nmainly girls were raped during the conflict, while data collected by the\n\n\n10 OCHA (Nov. 2021), Multisectoral Rapid Assessment in NW zone of Tigray\np.4\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Bureau of Women, Children and Social Affairs (BoWCSA) so far\nindicates 1328 GBV survivors in the region, 1254 women and 113\nchildren, who reported the incidents to the one stop centres and\nvarious health facilities.\n\n\nWomen and girls are also exposed to GBV when fleeing the conflict,\nand in some instances when fetching water from rivers due to\ndisruption of running water. Where humanitarian responses are\nunable to reach due to insecurity, the prevalence of GBV risks is high.\nThis is the case with some kebeles in Zequala (Wag Hamra), NorthKobo, and in Addi Arekay (North Gondar) as well as highly militarized\nworedas in Eastern zone of Tigray.\n\n\nEqually, the United Nations and the Ethiopian Human Rights\nCommission conducted a joint investigation covering the period from\nNovember 2020 to June 2021, with the subsequent report\nacknowledged by the Government of Ethiopia. The report\ndocumented different various acts of sexual and gender-based\nviolence including: physical violence and assault; attempted rape;\nrape including gang rape; and, intentional transmission of HIV,\ncommitted by all parties to the conflict, in particular against women\nand girls, for their perceived, alleged or actual association with parties\nto the conflict. [11]\n\n\nFurther, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\non Sexual Violence in Conflict expressed concerns over serious\n\n\n11 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Report on Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations\nof International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed\nby all Parties to the Conflict in the Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic\nRepublic of Ethiopia, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-Tigray-Report.pdf)\n[Tigray-Report.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-Tigray-Report.pdf)\n\n\n\nallegations of sexual violence in Tigray, Amhara and Afar, [12] following\nreports and evidence of an increase in GBV incidents since the conflict\nstarted. 57% of key informants in assessed site in Tigray reported the\ncommunity to be less safe for women and girls since the crisis\noccurred. Some key informants reported rapes perpetrated by armed\ngroups and intimate partner violence including rape as the main safety\nand security issue for adult women and girls. [13]\n\n\nReports indicate an increase in demand for services to address GBV.\nYet availability of the services remains limited due to insecurity and\nother factors such as lack of supplies. For example, displaced women\nand girls have been unable to access services in Western Tigray, where\nfew humanitarian actors operate. [14] Reports indicate that women and\ngirls are exposed to unwanted pregnancy, and some are infected with\nsexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Therefore, lack of access\nto quality specialized lifesaving GBV services, such as the Clinical\nManagement of Rape (CMR), caring for child survivors, psycho-social\nsupport (PSS), GBV case management and referral mechanism\ncompounds the effects of GBV on survivors. According to\nhumanitarian reports [15] only a minority of survivors can access Post\nExposure Prophylaxis (PEP ) kits and Sexually Transmitted Infections\n(STI) treatments, and even fewer have access to psychological\nsupport, due to a general lack of services, lack of awareness, fear of\nstigma and weak and /or non-existent referral systems. With the\nsupport of humanitarian partners, six one stop centers and three\n\n\n12 United Nations (Dec. 2021),Statement of SRSG, available at:\n[https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/.](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n13 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment in Tigray.\n14 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Report, as above.\n15 OCHA (2022), Humanitarian Needs Overview.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rehabilitation safe houses were opened in Tigray, two in Afar and\nthree in Amhara. However, humanitarian actors are still struggling to\nprovide necessary services to address GBV response needs. The\nexisting one-stop-centers remain limited, and are only available in\nmain towns and cities. They are under equipped or unable to provide\nservices due to the severe damages to health facilities and lack of\nsupplies and frontline service providers.\n\n\nMoreover, several reports point to an urgent need to address the\ngaps in services available to survivors of GBV. Services needed include\nClinical Management of Rape (CMR), caring for child survivors, GBV\nCase Management, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Support\n(MHPSS), sexual reproductive health, and treatment of traumatic\nfistula as well as support for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic\nstress. Information from the one stop centers in Tigray indicated that\nmajority of survivors sought services late, often while pregnant and\nseeking safe abortion or other sexual and reproductive health\nservices.\n\n\nThe conflict has also led to disruptions of GBV response mechanims,\ninstitutions and support structures. The Government has initiated\ntrials to prosecute cases of sexual violence, following the Joint\nInvestigation report, in order to complement efforts to provide\nredress to survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and ensure\naccountability. However, this effort may be hindered as the judicial\nsystem in Tigray has not been functioning since the beginning of the\nconflict, creating a gap in legal response for many survivors seeking\nlegal redress. The safety and security services offered by the police\nhave not been functioning since the conflict started, heightening the\nrisk for women and girls. Reports show that GBV survivors\u2019 referrals\n\n\n16 OCHA (2022) Humanitarian Response Overview.\n\n\n\nto the informal justice system are commonly unsuccessful, due to\ndiscrimination against female survivors.\n\n\nFactors contributing to GBV against women and girls during\ndisplacement include overcrowding in IDP sites, due to lack of\nadequate shelter and inability to meet basic needs. For example, a\ngender analysis in Tigray by IRC found that due to women\u2019s lack of\naccess to food and sources of cash to meet basic needs, female IDPs\nparticularly, single female headed households- are involved in survival\nsex as a coping mechanism, with reports of increased risks of domestic\nviolence.\n\n\n**2.1.5.** **Forced family and child separation**\n\nThe conflict has resulted in large-scale displacements, increasing risks\nof family separation and high incidences of unaccompanied and\nseparated children. Children represent 57% of the population\ndisplaced by conflict, insecurity, and natural hazards in most regions\nof Ethiopia. In Tigray, an estimated 792,316 children are displaced,\nout of 1,814284 people, [16] further degrading the child protection\nenvironment which was already weak. In Amhara, the displaced\npopulation increased from 350,827 in 2021 to 1,515,248, with 34% of\nthe population being children. Likewise, it is estimated that children\nmake up more than half of the displaced population in Afar.\n\n\nIn Tigray, an estimated 846 000 children (94%) are living in IDPs sites\nwithout access to comprehensive child protection services. Reports\nindicate that around 62% of the children live in areas where\nprotection services are not available. Currently, only 29% of targeted\nworedas in Tigray region have been reached with comprehensive child\nprotection services. In 45% of villages, no education facility is\navailable. For the villages without education facilities, 25 % are more\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "than 3 km away, and nine percent are more than 6 km away from the\nvillage, with increased risks related to long travel distances to schools.\n\n\nThousands of children are separated from their families as a result of\nthe conflict presenting a critical threat to their protection and wellbeing. According to global information, separation greatly enhances\nexisting trauma and stress. Key informants (21%) in the assessed site\nin Tigray reported separation to be the top protection risk to children.\nOther protection threats are mental health and psychological distress\n(20%), lack of access to education (16%), child labour (15%) and\nphysical and emotional maltreatment (13%). [17] Over 9,330\nunaccompanied and separated children living in IDP sites and host\ncommunities have been identified as of March 2022 in Tigray. [18] The\nheavy caseload of UASC in the very nascent alternate care system in\nTigray has resulted in a tendency of the government to resort to nonfamily based residential care for large numbers of UASC. Besides,\ngovernment and child protection actors require greater technical\nsupport in case management, mental health and psychosocial support\nas well as institutional capacity building in order to meet the needs\nand demands of an overwhelming yet growing caseload. However,\nrestricted access to fuel and communication networks has reduced\npartners' capacity to reach and regularly monitor the care, safety and\nliving situation of separated children and whether their basic needs\nare being met; and negatively impacted family re-unification efforts.\n\n\nKey informants in assessed site in Tigray region [19] reported that\nchildren are exposed to protection risks including: child labor (52%),\nhazardous forms of child labour(30%) and greater risk of transactional\nsex (4%) for adolescent girls. Unaccompanied and separated children\nconstitute one of the most vulnerable groups in IDP settings. Global\n\n\n17 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment Report\nTigray.\n18 UNICEF(2022), Advocacy Brief on UASC in Tigray region.\n\n\n\nreports indicate that separated children or children living with\ncaregivers are exceptionally vulnerable to sexual abuse, violence,\nchild trafficking, exploitation and neglect. 10% of respondents\nreported a change in caregivers attitude by paying less attention to\nchildren\u2019s needs. It was noted that caregivers are stressed due to lack\nof food (24%), lost livelihood (16%), effects of the conflict (15%), not\nbeing able to return home (15%) and being separated from their\ncommunities(13%), thus affecting their capacity to give attention to\nthe children under their care. In Debre Berhan, Amhara region, there\nwere some 304 unaccompanied and separated children residing in 12\nIDP sites, under kinship and foster families. A multi-sectoral report of\n7 April, shows that in Afar many children were separated from their\nfamilies during flight resulting in significant number of\nunaccompanied and separated children living in kinship\narrangements. [20]\n\n\nThere is need to enhance the family and caregiving environment\nthrough provision of material support, parenting classes and\npsychosocial support for families besides strengthening child\nprotection programming through expanding actors to the host\ncommunity.\n\n\n**2.1.6.** **Abduction, kidnapping, forced disappearance and**\n\n**arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention**\n\nThere is credible evidence to the effect that all parties to the conflict\nengaged in arbitrary detentions, abductions, and enforced\n\n\n19 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment Report,\nabove.\n20 OCHA (2022), Joint multi-sectoral Assessment Report.\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Rapid Assessment Report", - "confidence": 0.7823057770729065, - "start": 357, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Global\n\n\n17 Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9685146808624268, - "start": 347, - "end": 351 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray region", - "confidence": 0.7046026587486267, - "start": 374, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9812907576560974, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multi-sectoral report", - "confidence": 0.9791960716247559, - "start": 519, - "end": 521 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.785477340221405, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afar", - "confidence": 0.583885133266449, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "7 April", - "confidence": 0.7849549651145935, - "start": 522, - "end": 524 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.8014581203460693, - "start": 502, - "end": 506 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Rapid Assessment Report", - "confidence": 0.895832896232605, - "start": 655, - "end": 659 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5450646281242371, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9654993414878845, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disappearances [21] . Although available data [22] between 2020 \u2013 March\n2022, records 11 abduction and forced disappearances and 16\narbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention incidents, there are\nextensive reports of human rights violations implicating all parties to\nthe conflict. [23] The ENDF, EDF, Fano (affiliated to the Amhara militia),\nTSF and affiliated militia, and the Samri (local Tigrayan youth group),\nare all implicated of committing unlawful killings. [24]\n\n\nReports indicate that in Tigray and other parts of Ethiopia, individuals\nwere arrested by the ENDF and the federal police for perceived\naffiliation with the TPLF and kept incommunicado for long periods\nwithout formal charges or legal proceedings. Likewise, at the\nbeginning of the conflict, Tigray forces detained civilians mostly of\nAmhara origin, for perceived support to the federal government.\nMany were released or managed to escape, some were killed, and\nothers disappeared.\n\n\nA multi-sectoral assessment carried out in NW Tigray in November\n2021 revealed that Amhara forces were rounding up and expelling\nTigrayans from Western zone, on ground of their ethnicity. IDPs who\nparticipated in Focus Group Discussions reported that they were\ndetained for several months under harsh conditions. The IDPs\nreported a mass detention campaign in Western zone that led to\nsimultaneous detention, violence and killings of male and female\naged between 15-50 in several area of West Tigray. [25] Many of the\nassessed families were separated from family members after\n\n\n21 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Team Report.\n22 The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)(2022),\n[available at: https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/](https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/)\n23 United Nations Security Council (2022), Report of the Secretary General\non Conflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\ndetention, while some were forced to leave their children in detention\nfacilities, and were living in anxiety.\n\n\nThere are also credible reports of arbitrary or unlawful arrest and\ndetention, abduction, forced disappearance and kidnapping, and\nother abuses committed by authorities against ethnic Tigrayans in\nEthiopia\u2019s capital, Addis Ababa. [26] Some IDPs from Western Tigray lost\ntheir Kebele ID cards during detention or had deliberately destroyed\nthem to avoid being identified as Tigrayans in Western zone since the\nconflict started. These actions continue to restrict Tigrayans\u2019 freedom\nof movement, while enforced disappearances are making the forcibly\ndisappeared more vulnerable to torture, extrajudicial execution, and\nother abuses.\n\n\n2.2. EFFECTS ON POPULATION\n\n**i.** **The attacks on civilians resulted in loss of life, injury and mental**\n**trauma,** for survivors of airstrikes and drone attacks and their\nfamilies. This also increased distress to survivors\u2019 families and\nlocal communities due to loss of shelter and livelihoods, as well as\nincreased exposure to violence and exploitation, for women and\nchildren.\n\n**ii.** **The separation of children from families and communities**\nexacerbates psychological distress especially for unaccompanied\nand separated children. Unaddressed, psychosocial distress in\n\n\n24OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Report.\n25 OCHA ( Nov. 2021 ), Multi-sectoral Rapid Assessment in NW zone Tigray.\n26 Human Rights Watch(2021 _),_ Ethiopia, Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly\n[Disappeared, available at: Ethiopia: Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly Disappeared |](https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/18/ethiopia-ethnic-tigrayans-forcibly-disappeared)\n[Human Rights Watch (hrw.org).](https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/18/ethiopia-ethnic-tigrayans-forcibly-disappeared)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children can in turn lead to harmful coping mechanisms, including\nself-isolation, self-harm, and thoughts of suicide.\n\n\n**iii.** **Trends in gender and conflict-related sexual violence**, including\nearly marriage, partner violence and survival sex reported\nindicate that women and girls are disproportionately affected by\nthe conflict, raising both physical and psychosocial harm, as well\nas health issues.\n\n\n**iv.** **Freedom of movement decreased** for fear of attacks, arrests and\ndetention. In Amhara and Afar region, encampment and\nmovement restrictions apply especially to Tigrayan IDPs. The\nfailure of government authorities to issue identification cards to\nIDPs also creates fear of arrest and detention.\n\n**v.** **Protection monitoring and assessment highlight barriers to**\n**accessing services,** due to lack of proper registration and\nidentification cards, with severe negative impacts to persons with\nchronic illnesses, children and pregnant women, thus increasing\nprotection risks .\n\n\n2.3. EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\n**2.3.1.** **Expansion of protection services and newly**\n\n**accessible areas**\n\nThe coverage of child protection and SGBV services remain low in all\nregions, due to security reasons and other reasons such as lack of cash\nand fuel, that limit partner presence in some areas. However,\nimproved access since December 2021 in parts of Amhara, Tigray and\nAfar, allows for resumption of humanitarian assistance in previous\nhard to reach areas. This provides opportunities to expand protection\nservices and scale up critical SGBV and child protection services.\nIncreasing the number of one-stop-centers should also enhance\n\n\n\naccessibility to services for survivors. The provision of multi-purpose\ncash assistance will enable IDPs to meet basic needs.\n\n\n**2.3.2.** **Capacities of government institutions and local**\n\n**actors**\nA great opportunity is the existence of the regional government\ninstitutions for protection services, including the Bureau for Women,\nChildren and Social Affairs in the three regions, and local actors whose\nfunctioning can be supported through capacity building.\n\n\n**2.3.3.** **Community-based protection**\n\nCommunity-based protection structures continue to play an\nimportant role in information sharing on available services and access\nto the services. To support survivors of GBV, community members\nmostly escort survivors to counsellors and health centers and comfort\nthem within their community. Some IDPs seem to be able to organize\nrecreational and/or educational activities for children. Some of the\nskills IDPs in the assessed site in Tigray possess are: teaching (32%),\norganizing collective activities for children (19%), teaching children\nwith learning difficulties (17%), supporting distressed children (14%)\nand keeping children safe (10%). Community members also volunteer\nto take care of unaccompanied and separated children. In this case,\nincreasing women and girls\u2019 safe spaces and community centers\nwould result in better access to provision of services.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **3. RESPONSE**\n\n##### 3.1. Operation context including access issues\n\n**3.1.1.** **Humanitarian access**\n\n\n_Figure 4_ below shows the spread of security incidents over the past\naffecting civilian populations, including humanitarian staff and\noperations over the past two year.\n\n\n_Figure 4_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure by incident month. Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n**3.1.2.** **Operational constraints**\n\nHumanitarian partners continue to do their utmost to implement\nactivities despite operational constraints. Across Tigray, limited cash\nand lack of banking services and telecommunications remain major\noperating constraints impending the ability of humanitarian\norganisations to deliver aid in a timely manner. Once the supplies\nreach Tigray, fuel shortage impacts the distributions.\n\n\n##### 3.2. Population reached by protection partners\n\nAs of February 2022, 32 protection partners are responding to the\nprotection needs of over 3 million people in need in north Ethiopia.\nApproximately 250,000 people were reached in January and February\n2022. 79% of persons reached are from Tigray and mainly in major\ntowns of Axum, Maichew, Adwa and Mekelle, hosted in IDP sites. 80%\nof protection services were GBV prevention and risk mitigation,\nawareness raising and MHPSS.\n\n\n_Figure 5:_ _Protection Cluster coverage and people reached. Source:_ 5Ws\n(Jan - Feb 2022)\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n**To Donors and Member States**\n\n1. **Strengthen** protection monitoring, vulnerability screening, case\n\nmanagement and referral, and victim assistance by increasing\nfunding allocation to Protection partners implementing the\nactivities.\n\n2. **Strengthen** access to protection and equitable multi-sectoral\n\nservices delivery through increased funding for humanitarian\norganisations providing services to affected populations to\nmitigate protection risks by ensuring:\n\n`o` Improved service provision, including food assistance, better\n\naccess to health, education, nutrition, and water and\nsanitation, to meet the existing needs and to reduce and\nmitigate protection risks.\n\n`o` Prioritized consistent, multi-year funding for child protection\n\ninterventions, focusing on scaling up interventions targeting\nthe large caseload of UASC, and other children at risk.\n\n`o` Longer-term flexible and multi-year funding dedicated for\n\nGBV coordination programming to increase number of GBV\npartners responding in the regions in view of the increased\nand widespread GBV risks.\n\n`o` Flexible funding processes to provide funding mechanisms\n\ncapable of supporting complementary activities in view of the\nvolatility of the assessed risks.\n\n`o` Adequate funding for community-based protection structures\n\nand responders at local levels.\n\n3. **Strengthen** protection of civilian populations to avert loss of\n\nlives and mental trauma for affected populations through:\n\n\n\n\n`o` Support to establishment of civil-military coordination\n\nmechanims to minimize risks to civilian populations, as well\nas to civilian infrastructure, which is critical to the delivery of\nhumanitarian aid.\n\n`o` Advancing solutions to displacement across the nexus to\n\nimprove on social cohesion and conflict prevention.\n\n4. **Support** scaling up projects for livelihoods for resilience building\n\nthrough available funding mechanims where these are available.\n\n\n**To HCT and Humanitarian Partners**\n\n\n1. **Enhance engagement** in advocacy with Parties to the Conflict on\n\nimproved operating environment through removal of restrictions\nto better facilitate humanitarian aid in the North, and on\nhumanitarian access to provide life-saving support.\n\n2. **Increase** the advocacy concerning protection of civilians, including\n\nthe need for precautionary measures to prevent civilian casualties\nand attacks on civilian infrastructure, preserving their civilian\nnature and avoiding placing any military assets nearby IDP and\nrefugee sites.\n\n3. **Ensure** the centrality of protection across all sectors in the\n\nhumanitarian response through mainstreaming and integrating\nprotection in other sectors in order to mitigate the effects of the\ncrisis on populations.\n\n\n4. **Ensure** addressing of the urgent gaps in services available to\n\nsurvivors of GBV, persons with disabilities, and separated and\nother children at risk, by expanding services delivery.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. **Increase** multi-purpose cash distribution where possible\nto contribute to sectoral outcomes in protection, health, WASH,\nshelter, food security, nutrition, and education, and overall\nreduction of protection risks.\n\n\n6. **Build capacities** of humanitarian partners to identify potentially\n\nat-risk individuals and to provide multi-sectoral responses to\nincreased protection risks by:\n\n`o` Investing in capacity building and training for front-line\n\nresponders, including providing them with psychosocial\nsupport to avert secondary trauma.\n\n`o` Support flexible funding for community-led initiatives and\n\nlocal partners to reach populations in remote locations.\n\n\n7. **Advocate** for Mine Action access to conduct threat assessment\n\nand explosive ordnance risk education for at-risk populations, in\nlight of increased movement of people in the region and IDP\nreturns.\n\n8. **Ensure** available services and assistance are not arbitrarily denied\n\non the ground of lack of documentation and are available to atrisk groups.\n\n9. **Mainstream** Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\n\n(PSEA) and Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) in all\naspects of the humanitarian response, ensuring all humanitarian\nactors are accountable for their actions and uphold the highest\nstandards of conduct.\n\n10. **Continue** monitoring, documenting and addressing cases of\n\nserious human rights violations and their effect on the most\nvulnerable persons and groups.\n\n\n\n11. **Ensure** integration and mainstreaming of GBV within other\n\nsectoral interventions informed by robust sectoral GBV and\nGender analysis.\n\n\n12. **Advocate** for investment in livelihood interventions for women\n\nand girls to address negative coping mechanisms such as survival\nsex, child marriages, and to ease re-integration of GBV survivors.\n\n**To the Parties to the Conflict**\n\n\n1. **Adhere** to obligations under international law to facilitate safe\n\nand unhindered humanitarian access, and ensure protection of\ncivilians and civilian infrastructure.\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d8db28-8458-3421-9f96-bdbbc80324d0/Protection-Analysis-Update_Northern-Ethiopia-Response_-Final-6-May-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_543/raw/doc_543_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_543/raw/doc_543_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e49cf87ac0fec3285ecfb6d8f05cb691c37a443..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_543/raw/doc_543_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,354 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **BRIEF** **BRAZIL**\n### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nBrazil has in place a progressive and inclusive protection and solutions framework for refugees\nand other forcibly displaced individuals, ensuring equal access to rights and services alongside its\nnational citizens. With an open-border policy, Brazil guarantees the admission, registration, and\ndocumentation of those in need of international protection. Brazil hosts the largest number of\nVenezuelans recognized as refugees in Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\n\nAs of July 2024, Brazil has recognized 144.463 refugees and provided alternative protection\npathways to 572.877 persons in need of international protection, the majority of whom are\nVenezuelan (474.217) and Haitian (89.455) nationals. Additionally, there are 75,998 pending\nasylum applications, primarily from individuals originating from Cuba (26.225), Venezuela (15.065)\nand Angola (8.696).\n\n\nBrazil stands as a regional leader, implementing _prima facie_ simplified refugee status determination\nprocedures under the regional refugee definition of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration\n(contemplated in its national legislation as those fleeing serious human rights violations) for\nindividuals from Venezuela, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Mali and Syria. The National Committee for\nRefugees (CONARE) has also granted refugee protection to individuals persecuted due to their\ndiverse sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as women and girls at risk of female genital\nmutilation.\n\n\nFurthermore, Brazil has established a humanitarian visa and temporary residence permit policy for\nnationals of Afghanistan, Haiti, Syria, and Ukraine. Temporary residence permits are also available\nfor Venezuelans who choose not to apply for asylum, ensuring access to protection and legal status\nfor a wide range of individuals in need.\n\n\nIn Brazil, refugees can choose between accessing the asylum system or applying for a residency\nas a complementary form of protection. Both options ensure freedom of movement, access to\nformal employment, education, healthcare, and social assistance. However, only those who apply\nfor asylum are explicitly safeguarded against refoulement, eligible to obtain travel documents,\ngranted expedite access to naturalization, and exempt from presenting documents from their\ncountry of origin in various civil procedures. These additional safeguards significantly ease their\nintegration into Brazilian society.\n\n\nDespite an overall favorable environment, the proportion of those living below the national\npoverty line is still considerable, especially if compared with host communities (40% vs 30%). [1]\nResearch conducted by UNHCR and other institutions indicates that refugees in Brazil experience\n\n\n_1_ _[https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=10&Target=10.7](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=10&Target=10.7)_\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Over 11,000 indigenous Venezuelans currently residing in Brazil have been identified by UNHCR\nand partners. Compared to the overall Venezuelan population, they face compounded challenges\naccessing basic rights and services, including higher rates of food insecurity (58% vs 52%), health\ncare needs (75% vs 59%) and out of school children (21% vs 15%). [3] Language barriers and limited\nformal education of adults (indigenous refugees are 5 times more likely to have no formal\neducation when compared to the general Venezuelan population in Brazil), significantly affect their\nprospects for successful integration. [4]\n### Protection brief in graphics\n\n\nPopulation category Population category\n\nBreakdown by nationality\n\n\n_2 World Bank and UNHCR (2021), Integration of Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in Brazil,_\n\n_[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/498351617118028819/pdf/Integration-of-Venezuelan-Refugees-and-Migrants-in-Brazil.pdf;](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/498351617118028819/pdf/Integration-of-Venezuelan-Refugees-and-Migrants-in-Brazil.pdf)_\n_ACNUR & Ministerio do Trabalho e Emprego (2024), Informe sobre o mercado de trabalho formal para Haitianos no Brasil,_\n_[https://www.acnur.org/br/sites/br/files/2024-11/informe-mercado-trabalho-formal-haitianos-brasil-jun-2024.pdf](https://www.acnur.org/br/sites/br/files/2024-11/informe-mercado-trabalho-formal-haitianos-brasil-jun-2024.pdf)_\n_ACNUR & Ministerio do Trabalho e Emprego (2024), Informe sobre o mercado de trabalho formal para pessoas refugiadas afeg\u00e3s no Brasil_\nhttps://www.acnur.org/br/sites/br/files/2024-11/informe-mercado-trabalho-formal-pessoas-afegas-no-brasil-junho-2024.pdf\n[3 R4V (2023), Refugee and Migrant Needs Analysis, https://rmrp.r4v.info/rmna2023/](https://rmrp.r4v.info/rmna2023/) p. 85\n\n_4 Idem._\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Total of Incidents** **[5]**\n\n\n\n\n### Protection risks\n##### Protection Risk I\n\n**Discrimination and stigmatization.** Racism and xenophobia are mentioned by refugees and other\npeople in need of international protection as serious obstacles to their local integration into the\nBrazilian society. Adults report that discrimination hinders their access to dignified housing and\nthe formal labor market, [6] while children refer to being bullied in school because of their origin. [7] In\nRoraima state, the primary entry point for Venezuelans into Brazil, 44% of refugees and migrants\nreported experiencing discrimination due to their nationality. This was most prevalent in the\nworkplace (37%), during job searches (30%), and while attempting to access healthcare (24%),\neducation (21%) and also while looking for housing (20%). [8 ]\n\n\nAs per a recent assessment conducted in 21 Brazilian states, 15% of Venezuelan refugees and\nmigrants reported having suffered discrimination and stigmatization in the previous 12 months.\nOut of these, 80.4% were discriminated because of their nationality, 8.2% for their ethnicity, 5.2%\nfor their age, 3.5% for having a disability and 2.4% due to their sexual orientation and gender\nidentity. [9] On the other hand, according to the same source, 33% of indigenous Venezuelans\nexperienced discrimination and stigmatization, mainly due to their nationality (51.1%) but also for\ntheir ethnicity (31.9%), and to a smaller degree because of their age (6.3%). [10] This overlapping of\ndiscrimination causes not only affects the ability of these populations to access dignified\nlivelihoods, but also to exercise their fundamental rights, such as access to health and education.\n\n\n_5_ For the purpose of this analysis, the category that refers to \u201cbasic and essential services\u201d regards denial of, or unequal access to basic\nservices, the category \u201cfamily life\u201d is linked to family separation or inability to exercise family unit, and \u201clife incidents\u201d are linked to\nenforced disappearance.\n_6_ [ACNUR (2023), Diagnosticos Participativos, https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Diagnosticos-](https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Diagnosticos-Participativos-2023-.pdf)\n[Participativos-2023-.pdf](https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Diagnosticos-Participativos-2023-.pdf) pp. 7; 9.\n_7_ Idem, p. 13\n_8_ [C\u00e1ritas-REACH (2022), Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Baseada em \u00c1rea (ABA) em Boa Vista, Roraima, https://caritas.org.br/storage/arquivo-de-](https://caritas.org.br/storage/arquivo-de-biblioteca/March2023/Ir3dz5ULhRAzNV4wqkwi.pdf)\n[biblioteca/March2023/Ir3dz5ULhRAzNV4wqkwi.pdf, p.14](https://caritas.org.br/storage/arquivo-de-biblioteca/March2023/Ir3dz5ULhRAzNV4wqkwi.pdf)\n_9_ [R4V (2024), Microsoft Power BI](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWJhN2UzOWMtZWFlZC00MzZiLWI0OWQtNGZlMDIzN2Y3Zjg5IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9&pageName=f271143c36cbd9a6b0ee)\n\n_10_ Idem.\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9292245507240295, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "discrimination and stigmatization", - "confidence": 0.6887174844741821, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "21 Brazilian states", - "confidence": 0.9601054191589355, - "start": 181, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Venezuelan refugees and\nmigrants", - "confidence": 0.9895434379577637, - "start": 188, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Diagnosticos Participativos", - "confidence": 0.9150657653808594, - "start": 423, - "end": 425 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ACNUR", - "confidence": 0.9703275561332703, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9768933653831482, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.682487428188324, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Baseada em \u00c1rea", - "confidence": 0.8687805533409119, - "start": 454, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Boa Vista, Roraima", - "confidence": 0.7829831838607788, - "start": 462, - "end": 466 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6426382660865784, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.931151807308197, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "instance, report significantly more instances of racism compared to other South American refugees\nand migrants. [12] This exacerbates barriers to accessing a broad range of rights and services [13] and\nleads to greater vulnerability to both low skilled and temporary jobs, particularly when compared\nto Venezuelans who arrived in Brazil under similar circumstances. [14]\n##### Protection Risk II\n\n\n**Access to dignified housing.** In Brazil, a significant proportion of refugees and other forcibly\ndisplaced people can only afford precarious and overcrowded dwellings, located in impoverished\nand marginalized communities, often controlled by organized crime. [15] According to UNHCR\u00b4s\ndata, only 15% of refugees have secured tenure right to housing and\\or land, 27% live in physically\nsafe and secure settlements with access to basic facilities, and 54% feel safe walking alone in their\nneighborhood after dark. [16] In comparison, 65% of the Brazilian population owns the house in\nwhich they live - although 14% lacks the documentation to prove tenure rights [17] - 72% lives in\nphysically safe and secure settlements, [18] and 52% feels safe walking alone in their neighborhood\nafter dark. [19]\n\n\nIn these vulnerable conditions, any shock to the household economy -such as job loss, illness, or\nclimate related events- significantly impacts on refugees\u2019 ability to cover the rent and utility costs\n(water, electricity), leaving them at heightened risk of eviction. [20] Climate related incidents are\nbecoming recurrent in the Brazilian context, such as floods and landslides in the south, as well as\ndroughts and wildfires in the center and the north of the country. [21] For instance, southern Brazil\nhas seen an increase of up to 30% in average rainfall over the last three decades [22] and, as of\nSeptember 2024, 59% of the Brazilian territory was affected by the most severe drought since\nnationwide measurements. [23]\n\n\nIn this scenario, 19% of Venezuelan households reported being at risk of evictions from rented\nhousing in the three months prior to their interview, with a higher incidence in Roraima (26%) and\nAmazonas (29%), the two states hosting the highest proportion of refugees and other forcibly\ndisplaced people in Brazil. As per the same study, 10% of the indigenous households surveyed\nwere evicted during the three months prior to the interview, which makes them almost five times\nmore likely to face actual eviction when compared to the total surveyed population (2%). [24] The\nrisk of eviction has been also systematically reported by refugees also of other nationalities,\nincluding Haitians, Colombians, and Cubans. [25]\n\n\n\n_11_ [Estou Refugiado, Qualifest (2021) Refugiados no Brasil, https://www.institutoqualibest.com/wp-](https://www.institutoqualibest.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Estudo_Perfil-Refugiados-Brasil_Relatorio.pdf)\n[content/uploads/2022/04/Estudo_Perfil-Refugiados-Brasil_Relatorio.pdf](https://www.institutoqualibest.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Estudo_Perfil-Refugiados-Brasil_Relatorio.pdf) p. 30\n_12_ ACNUR (2024), cit. p. 18\n_13_ Reinaldo Ven\u00e2ncio da Cruz Neto (2017) No Brasil, xenofobia tem cor e alvo: A realidade do deslocamento humano de haitianos ao\n[Brasil, atrav\u00e8s do Estado do Acre, p\u00f3s-catastrofe natural no Haiti em 2010, https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/64891](https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/64891)\n_14_ ACNUR & Ministerio do Trabalho e Emprego (2024) cit.\n_15_ ACNUR (2023), cit. p. 8\n_16_ [UNHCR (2024). Brazil: Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) \u2013 UNHCR. (2024). Annual Results Report 2023: Brazil. (link)](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/AME%20-%20Brazil%20ARR%202023_0.pdf)\n_17_ Ag\u00eancia IBGE Noticias, \u00ab Domic\u00edlios pr\u00f3prios predominam, mas 13,5% deles n\u00e3o tem documenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00bb\n\n\n\n[https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/38544-domicilios-proprios-predominam-](https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/38544-domicilios-proprios-predominam-mas-13-5-deles-nao-tem-documentacao#:%7E:text=A%20maior%20parte%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o,2016%20(67%2C8%25).&text=A%20condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20domic%C3%ADlio%20alugado,20%2C2%25%20em%202022)\nmas-13-5-deles-nao-tem[documentacao#:~:text=A%20maior%20parte%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o,2016%20(67%2C8%25).&text=A%20condi%C3%A](https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/38544-domicilios-proprios-predominam-mas-13-5-deles-nao-tem-documentacao#:%7E:text=A%20maior%20parte%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o,2016%20(67%2C8%25).&text=A%20condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20domic%C3%ADlio%20alugado,20%2C2%25%20em%202022)\n[7%C3%A3o%20de%20domic%C3%ADlio%20alugado,20%2C2%25%20em%202022.](https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/38544-domicilios-proprios-predominam-mas-13-5-deles-nao-tem-documentacao#:%7E:text=A%20maior%20parte%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o,2016%20(67%2C8%25).&text=A%20condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20domic%C3%ADlio%20alugado,20%2C2%25%20em%202022)\n_18_ IBGE (2021) Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios Cont\u00ednua, - Vitimiza\u00e7\u00e3o: Sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de seguran\u00e7a,\n\n[https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101984_informativo.pdf, p.2](https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101984_informativo.pdf)\n_19_ Idem, p.3\n_20_ ACNUR (2023), cit. p. 8\n_21_ [INPE, \u201cDangerous climate change in Brazil\u201d https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccst.inpe.br%2Fwp-](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccst.inpe.br%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Frelatorio%2FClimate_Change_in_Brazil_relatorio_ingl.pdf&psig=AOvVaw0sQlGsQl9kCmL1D4ZrNAle&ust=1729802339880000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAQQn5wMahcKEwiAubWTrqWJAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA)\n[content%2Fuploads%2Frelatorio%2FClimate_Change_in_Brazil_relatorio_ingl.pdf&psig=AOvVaw0sQlGsQl9kCmL1D4ZrNAle&ust=172](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccst.inpe.br%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Frelatorio%2FClimate_Change_in_Brazil_relatorio_ingl.pdf&psig=AOvVaw0sQlGsQl9kCmL1D4ZrNAle&ust=1729802339880000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAQQn5wMahcKEwiAubWTrqWJAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA)\n[9802339880000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAQQn5wMahcKEwiAubWTrqWJAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccst.inpe.br%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Frelatorio%2FClimate_Change_in_Brazil_relatorio_ingl.pdf&psig=AOvVaw0sQlGsQl9kCmL1D4ZrNAle&ust=1729802339880000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAQQn5wMahcKEwiAubWTrqWJAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA)\n22 Presid\u00eancia da Republica, \u00ab Southern Brazil has seen an increas of up to 30% in average annual rainfall over the last three decades \u00bb,\n\n\n\n_[https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/05/southern-brazil-has-seen-an-increase-of-up-to-30-in-average-annual-rainfall-over-](https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/05/southern-brazil-has-seen-an-increase-of-up-to-30-in-average-annual-rainfall-over-the-last-three-decades)_\n[the-last-three-decades](https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/05/southern-brazil-has-seen-an-increase-of-up-to-30-in-average-annual-rainfall-over-the-last-three-decades)\n_23_ Associated Press, \u201cDuring Brazil\u00b4s worst drought, wildfires rage and the Amazon River falls to a record low\u201d\n\n\n\n[https://apnews.com/article/brazil-drought-amazon-wildfires-smoke-heat-7d96dbbf5c4339050fb24bbbde6c3b82](https://apnews.com/article/brazil-drought-amazon-wildfires-smoke-heat-7d96dbbf5c4339050fb24bbbde6c3b82)\n_24_ R4V (2024), cit.\n\n\n\n_25_ ACNUR (2023), cit.\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nationwide measurements", - "confidence": 0.9420067667961121, - "start": 371, - "end": 373 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazilian territory", - "confidence": 0.8435606956481934, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.818759024143219, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "indigenous households", - "confidence": 0.7732545733451843, - "start": 448, - "end": 450 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.6173319816589355, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7292246222496033, - "start": 429, - "end": 430 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Results Monitoring Survey", - "confidence": 0.8076801300048828, - "start": 635, - "end": 638 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Annual Results", - "confidence": 0.6313000917434692, - "start": 648, - "end": 650 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.520921528339386, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RMS", - "confidence": 0.7629883885383606, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7404618859291077, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.8028780817985535, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.769770622253418, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios Cont\u00ednua", - "confidence": 0.5795382261276245, - "start": 769, - "end": 776 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IBGE", - "confidence": 0.9765871167182922, - "start": 765, - "end": 766 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7592636942863464, - "start": 767, - "end": 768 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5478981733322144, - "start": 767, - "end": 768 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Sona Tahery, a young Afghan woman, found safety in Brazil after fleeing severe restrictions on women\u2019s rights and access to work_\n_in her home country. After spending a year as a refugee in Iran, she arrived with her sister and brother-in-law, seeking a new_\n_beginning. Now, at Todos Irm\u00e3os Shelter in Guarulhos, she is rebuilding her life with dignity and hope._ \u00a9 _UNHCR// Diego Baravelli_\n\n##### Protection Risk III\n\n**Gender equality and access to rights for refugee women and girls.** Refugee women and girls face\nsignificant barriers to the realization of their rights due to gender roles and power disbalances.\nRegardless of their nationality, women and girls face higher unemployment rates, less access to\neducation opportunities, greater exposure to gender-based violence and additional caregiving\nresponsibilities. [26] Members of the LGTBQIA+ community face discrimination and stigmatization\ndue to their sexual orientation and gender identity, and experience barriers in their access to\ndignified livelihoods with some of them, especially transgender women, resorting to survival sex\nas one of the few viable means to earn a living in the country. [27]\n\n\nIn terms of economic violence, only 21% of Venezuelan women of working age access the formal\njob market, compared with 42% of men, and the situation is even worst for young women aged\n18 to 26 who are single head of household (13%). [28] Moreover, women in the formal job market\nearn an average salary that is 7% lower than men, a gap that widens up to 32% at higher and post\ngraduate levels. [29]\n\nAs far as physical and sexual violence is concerned, 18% of Venezuelan women and girls do not\nfeel safe in their communities, a proportion that is three times higher in Roraima and Amazonas\nstates, compared with the rest of the country. [30] Among the places that are perceived as most\ninsecure, respondent mentioned: the way to school (44%), community and religious spaces (44%),\nshelters (35%) and their own homes (28%). [31] A recent study also found that in the state of Roraima,\n9% of key informants witnessed some form of sexual violence against children. [32]\n\n\n_26_ ACNUR (2023), cit. p. 14\n\n_27_ Idem, p.17\n\n_28_ R4V (2024), cit.\n\n_29_ [Informe sobre o mercado de trabalho formal para venezuelanos refugiados e migrantes no Brasil [Informe sobre o mercado de trabalho](https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Informe-sobre-o-mercado-de-trabalho-formal-para-venezuelanos-refugiados-e-migrantes-no-Brasil-Marco.2024.pdf)\n[formal para venezuelanos refugiados e migrantes no Brasil (Mar\u00e7o.2024) (acnur.org)]](https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Informe-sobre-o-mercado-de-trabalho-formal-para-venezuelanos-refugiados-e-migrantes-no-Brasil-Marco.2024.pdf)\n\n_30_ R4V (2024), cit.\n\n_31_ Idem\n\n_32_ UNICEF (2024), Inter-sectoral Multi-partner Rapid Needs Assessment with a focus on Children, publication forthcoming\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "emotional well-being, as well as local integration prospects. In this sense, some Afghan women\nhave reported a strict control exerted by male family members, which translates into their\nconfinement in the domestic realm.\n##### Protection Risk IV\n\n**Trafficking in persons, forced labor or slavery-like practices.** Although asylum seekers, refugees,\nand other forcibly displaced persons have the same labor rights as nationals in Brazil, they\nencounter several obstacles to their economic integration. The experience of displacement,\ncoupled with high levels of unemployment, informal labor, and poverty, heighten the risk of this\npopulation to fall prey of human traffickers. According to official data, between 2021 and 2023,\n355 refugees and migrants of all nationalities were rescued from forced labor or slavery-like\npractices in Brazil from various economic sectors, primarily in timber trade, cassava cultivation,\nclothing manufacturing, road transportation, and tobacco. [33 ]\n\n\nTwo per cent of surveyed Venezuelan households reported that at least one member had been\ndeceived, manipulated, coerced into debt, or received false promises intended to force them to\ntravel or migrate. [34] Additionally, one per cent of households reported at least one of its members\nbeing held against his\\her will by someone other than the country\u00b4s authorities, which may\nsuggest the possibility of human trafficking. [35]\n\n\nWomen and girls are particularly vulnerable to exploitation for various purposes of human\ntrafficking, including sexual exploitation, domestic forced labor, illegal adoption, and organs\nremoval. [36] Refugee women and girls in Brazil sometimes have to resort to survival sex, or cash-inhand domestic labor to make a living in Brazil, which increases their exposure to human trafficking\nnetworks. [37] In addition to these risks, domestic workers face numerous safety and health hazards\nrelated to their tasks and the environment they work in. These include chemical and ergonomical\nhazards, but also psychosocial risks, including violence and harassment, which are pervasive in the\nsector. The impact of these risks is amplified when domestic workers provide their services in the\ninformal economy, which is the case for most refugees and other forcibly displaced populations in\nBrazil. [38]\n\n\n\n_33_ General Coordination of Inspection for the Eradication of Slave Labor and Human Trafficking (CGTRAE) of the Undersecretariat of Labor\nInspection (Ministry of Labor and Employment).\n_34_ Idem\n_35_ Idem\n_36_ Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a e Seguran\u00e7a P\u00fablica, Escrit\u00f3rio das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Drogas e Crimes (2024).Relat\u00f3rio Nacional de Dados\n\n\n\n2021-2023, Publication forthcoming.\n_37_ Relat\u00f3rio Situacional sobre Tr\u00e1fico de Pessoas e contrabando de Migrantes, Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional para as Migra\u00e7\u00f5es, 2024\n\n\n\n(Publication forthcoming)\n_38_ ILO (2022), Guidance on occupational safety and health for domestic workers and employers to prevent and mitigate COVID-19,\n\n\n\n[https://www.ilo.org/media/376556/download](https://www.ilo.org/media/376556/download)\n\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_On World Refugee Day, refugees and local families in Porto Alegre's Sarandi neighborhood shared a meal and received support._\n_The event, organized by UNHCR partners, acknowledged the solidarity shown during recent floods and celebrated the rebuilding_\n_of lives by refugees from Venezuela, Haiti, Colombia, and Afghanistan, among others._ \u00a9 _UNHCR/Ricardo Ara._\n\n### Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\nSince 2018, Brazil has supported refugees and migrants from Venezuela through a comprehensive\nhumanitarian federal initiative known as \u201cOperacao Acolhida\u201d . The Operation primarily focuses\non the northern State of Roraima, the main entry point for Venezuelans into Brazil, where\nreception, documentation, shelter, and other forms of humanitarian assistance are provided.\n\nFrom Roraima, the Government implements a voluntarily internal relocation program\n(interioriza\u00e7\u00e3o) to facilitate the socio-economic integration of refugees and migrants. As of\nOctober 2024, over 141,000 Venezuelans have been relocated to some 1,000 municipalities\nacross other Brazilian states. The continued influx of Venezuelans into Brazil \u2013 which have been\non the rise since 2023 \u2013 has required the Government and the humanitarian community to\ncontinue focusing on the humanitarian response in Roraima, while moving toward the integration\nof \u201cOperacao Acolhida\u201d within the regular national protection system, reducing duplications and\nensuring the sustainability of the response.\n\n\nIn addition to Venezuelans refugees and migrants, Brazil hosts individuals from various countries,\nincluding from Cuba, Haiti, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal and Bangladesh; which places\nadditional strain on local protection networks, particularly in border states and cities with\ninternational airports, in the absence of a national response mechanism beyond \u201cOperacao\nAcolhida\u201d.\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "reach the north of the continent through the Darien jungle or Europe through the French Guyana.\nIn this context, Brazil plays a crucial regional role and has the potential to offer effective legal and\nsocio-economic integration opportunities for displaced populations, which will contribute to the\nreduction of secondary movements.\n\n\nTo this end, the Government is set to launch Brazil's first National Policy on Migration, Asylum and\nStatelessness. Developed through an extensive participatory process involving concerned\npopulations, the policy aims to streamline access to rights and services at federal, state, and\nmunicipal levels. This will support the effective reception and integration of these populations into\nthe Brazilian society. Additionally, the Government has also adopted a Plan of Action to address\nthe protection and integration challenges faced by the Haitian population.\n\n\nMoreover, Brazil is launching a Resettlement, Admission, and Humanitarian Reception Program\nfor Afghan refugees through Complementary Means and Community Sponsorship. Authorities,\nwith the active support of UNHCR, are now developing Standard Operating Procedures for its\nimplementation, and planning ways to identify and train the civil society organizations who will be\nresponsible to receive these refugees in Brazil and support them in their local integration journey.\n\n\nThe government of Brazil has taken steps towards the recognition of the central role played by\nlocal authorities in protecting and promoting local integration of forcibly displaced persons. In\nNovember 2023 the Ministry of Justice and Public Security has launched the \"National Network\nof Welcoming Cities - Red Nacional de Cidades Acolhedoras\" with the objective of strengthening\ndialogue and actions around public policies and programs for migrants, refugees and stateless\npeople. UNHCR has since 2020 being supporting the Cities of Solidarity initiative in Brazil helping\nsharing experiences among the network of cities forming part of initiative and has recognized best\npractices from 17 municipalities.\n\n\nIn recent year, Brazil has experienced an increasing number of climate disasters, which have been\nmore frequent and severe and have been affecting a growing number of people, including\npopulations already displaced in Brazil. The Government is developing a Climate Plan as well as\nrisk reduction, adaptation, and resilience plans, which takes into account displacement impact;\nwhile the legislative branch is discussing bills to regulate and respond to internal displacement.\n\n\nSubstantial progress has been made by Brazil toward implementing the 2019 GRF pledges which\nfocused on the improvement of the asylum system and the provision of complementary forms of\nprotection, In 2023, the Government made 10 additional pledges at the GRF, covering the\nfollowing topics: improvement and facilitation of the right to family reunion; participation of\npeople in need of international protection in decision making and consultation processes; creation\nof resettlement and complementary pathways programs; strengthening of asylum systems and\nimprovement of refugee access to health, amongst others.\n\n\nIFC and UNHCR have been working together since 2018 to create innovative solutions to\novercome the challenges faced by refugees and migrants in Brazil. The two organizations sought\nto explore potential ways to engage the private sector in providing solutions with a primary focus\non employment, affordable housing and financial inclusion. IFC and UNHCR, in partnership with\nthe Brazilian Banking Association (FEBRABAN) and the Brazilian Central Bank, prepared a guide\nto inform financial institutions about the profiles and specific documentation of refugees and\nmigrants and their financial needs.\n\nAdditionally, 22 private companies pledged to hire 1,200 refugees and to support 15,000 refugees\nwith trainings and job placement by 2027. Currently, Brazil formally employs around 200,000\nrefugees and people in need of international protection. Of these, more than 12 thousand are\nemployed by 55 companies and organizations that are part of the Companies with Refugees\nForum, an initiative started in 2021 by UNHCR and the UN Global Compact \u2013 Brazil Chapter. The\n\n\nUNHCR / October, 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Call(s) to Action\n\nThe Brazilian state is commendably recognized for its efforts in providing protection to refugees\nand other forcibly displaced populations, in line with international, regional, and national legal\nframeworks. Brazil stands as a beacon of hope for refugees in the region, demonstrating exemplary\ncommitment and leadership in humanitarian response, and striving to go ensure the successful\nlocal integration of displaced individuals.\n\n\nUNHCR calls upon the international community to boost the support for Brazilian authorities by\nincreasing financial and technical assistance to UNHCR and other humanitarian actors. This\nsupport is crucial for sustaining and expanding Brazil\u2019s protection and assistance programs,\nensuring the rights and needs of refugees and other forcibly displaced people are met, and Brazil\u2019s\nexemplary efforts in this field are fully supported and sustained.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2aa390c8-97ae-42f1-ae5c-32e649366a0a/Protection-Brief-Brazil_Oct2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_544/raw/doc_544_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_544/raw/doc_544_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d96abbe859a4c4b84918a8e598e0d6513eeae721..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_544/raw/doc_544_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0410**\n## 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\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n2\n[\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041c\u041e\u041c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2014 \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, 16 \u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f - \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\n3\n[\u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 2024 \u0440. - \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*15to6ui*_ga*MTAyNTA5NjUxNC4xNzE0OTgyNjQ3*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxNTU5Mzg2NS40LjAuMTcxNTU5Mzg2NS42MC4wLjA.)\n4\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436\n\u043f\u043e\u043c'\u044f\u043a\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 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\u0440.\n\n\n5\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/03/ukraine-un-commission-concerned-continuing-patterns-violations-human-rights#:~:text=The%20Commission%20found%20new%20evidence,explosive%20weapons%20in%20civilian%20areas.)\n6\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\n7\n[\u041c\u041e\u041c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2014 \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, 16 \u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f - \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\n8\n[\u041cOM \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2014 \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456t, 16 \u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f - \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044cl 2024 \u0440.](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\n9\n\u0417\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0440. - \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023\n\n10\n[\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023-rev1.pdf)\n\nxi \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0410\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0457 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u0431\u2018\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439: 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\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\n\n\n12\n[\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044f \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\n13\n[\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443: \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 2023 \u0440., \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\n14\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 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\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\n16\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\n17\n[ACLED \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u2013 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 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\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043c. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c-\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.; \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 24 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2024/05/ukraine-displaced-civilians-describe-terrifying-russian-attacks-north)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 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\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/2023-06-27-Ukraine-thematic-report-detention-ENG_0.pdf)\n27\n[\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 M\u0422\u041f, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u041c\u0422\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u2013 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://www.cccmcluster.org/where-we-work/ukraine)\n28\u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d 2023 \u0440., \u0417\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u041a \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0417\u041d \u0443 \u043c. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 2024 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041b\u0413\u0411\u0422\u041a\u0406+** \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 **\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f,** \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u043a \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, **\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456** \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438\n\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 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\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a: \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099032824073057091/pdf/P1812361d6feb006c1a506192390987152a.pdf)\n30\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b: \u0415\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0432\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a #8: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430. \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u0443 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/ukraine/flash-update/1PgAYIxOUdGdCaxqbJPocO/)\n31\n[CARE, \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2013 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/rapid-gender-analysis-ukraine-october-2023-enuk)\n32\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u0416\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0456: \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2024 \u0440.](https://www.ipsos.com/en/lives-hold-intentions-and-perspectives-refugees)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438..\n\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 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\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443: \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 2023 \u0440., \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\n35\n[\u041c\u041e\u041c, \u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://mcusercontent.com/5e98e89a623f4994f9c857468/files/a7a3f90e-65ec-918a-bfbb-cfa228663bde/CoRA_Round_6_Report_Dec_2023__DRAFT_FINAL.pdf)\n36\n[\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443: \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0428\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0414\u0420\u0411 \u0443 \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0456, \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\n37\n[\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u041a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://pro.drc.ngo/media/v00jvqhu/240522_drc-qpmr_january-march-2024_final.pdf)\n[\u0428\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c - \u041e\u0444\u0456\u0441 \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/six-grave-violations/)\n38\n[\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443: \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 2023 \u0440., \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u041d\u0435\u0449\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 2024 \u0440. \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 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\u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk?_gl=1*1vqku94*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjE4MDg3OTMuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JLTdQNXg1Ml9od01Wd3BwUUJoMGxyU2tqRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0tkbV9EX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMTkwNTk4MS4zMTQuMC4xNzIxOTA1OTgxLjYwLjAuMA..)\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430, 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\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438.\n\n\n40\n[\u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 2024 \u0440. - \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*15to6ui*_ga*MTAyNTA5NjUxNC4xNzE0OTgyNjQ3*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxNTU5Mzg2NS40LjAuMTcxNTU5Mzg2NS42MC4wLjA.)\n41\n[\u041e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 2023 \u0440. \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-december-2022-enuk)\n42\n[\u0406\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 REACH \u0442\u0430 \u0413\u041a \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 2024 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/child-protection-assessment-key-findings-resilience-early-recovery-unit-june-2024)\n43\n[World Vision: Child Protection Multisectoral Needs Assessment, 2023, and HIAS, \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/Child%20Protection%20Multisectoral%20Needs%20Assessment%204%20Pager-%20Final.pdf)\n44\n[\u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 HIAS / \u041d\u0423\u041e Girls \u0437\u0430 2023 \u0440\u0456\u043a](https://hias.org/wp-content/uploads/HIAS-GIRLS-MHPSS-Full-Report-English.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0420\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438, \u0456 \u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**2022 \u0440. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 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\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/multisectoral-needs-assessment-msna-2022-protection-findings-march-2023)\n47\n[\u0429\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u0414\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/document/secretary-general-annual-report-on-children-and-armed-conflict-3/)\n\n\n48\n[\u0423\u0412\u041a\u041f\u041b, \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28April%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\n49\n[\u0429\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u0414\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/document/secretary-general-annual-report-on-children-and-armed-conflict-3/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - 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\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/service-barriers-faced-male-survivors-sexual-violence-ukraine-enuk?_gl=1*1m9n8kx*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MTg2Mjg0MjcuQ2p3S0NBandnZGF5QmhCUUVpd0FYaE14dGtUUElXVENsaFpENzdYVWt3VksxNWM0MkFvS3NGd2wxMUFQQ1J1NVF4QTJoUDIzWEozbVlCb0NtTkVRQXZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MzA3OTk0NTA1LjE3MDQ5NjQ2NDg.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxODY0MjAyMi42Mi4xLjE3MTg2NDIwNDUuMzcuMC4w)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e 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\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 10% \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\n\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 2 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d. **\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438**\n**\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e** [60] . 47% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0431\u043e\n\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u044e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 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\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 60+.\n\n\n\u0414\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454 \u043d\u0438\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u041c\u0422\u041f \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0422\u041f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0431\u043e\n\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0423 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f,\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432\n\n\n58\n[\u041e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e (\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u041c\u0423 \u2116332) \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/update-changes-payment-idp-allowance-cmu-resolution-332-enuk?_gl=1*wpxqz7*_ga*MTY0Nzg1MTgxOC4xNzA4OTM0MDI2*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxODk1MzUyNS45OC4wLjE3MTg5NTM1MjUuNjAuMC4w)\n59\u0411\u044e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2013 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.\n60\n[\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044f \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2024 \u0440.](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\n61\n[\u041c\u041e\u041c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2014 \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u2014\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434 14 \u2013 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-14-september-october)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u041c\u0422\u041f", - "confidence": 0.6437357664108276, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456", - "confidence": 0.7082964181900024, - "start": 525, - "end": 526 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6245309114456177, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u041c\u0422\u041f [62][.] \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u041c\u0422\u041f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0457\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0430\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e 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\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u041a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440.](https://pro.drc.ngo/media/v00jvqhu/240522_drc-qpmr_january-march-2024_final.pdf)\n63\n[\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u2013 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438](https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-vidbudova/3864197-bilse-100-tisac-rodin-zvernulisa-po-kompensaciu-za-programou-evidnovlenna-sulak.html)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0406\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0449\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438\n\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 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\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u0413\u0417\u041d, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0443\n\n\n64\n[\u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, 1 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0440. - 31 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0440.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-1-march-31-may-2024-enuk)\n65\n[\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0443 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 - 13 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443](https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/minreintehratsii-eksperymentalnyi-proekt-shchodo-dystantsiinoho-obstezhennia-znyshchenoho-zhytla-na-tot-ie-diievym-i-potrebuie-masshtabuvannia)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 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\u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk?_gl=1*1xnn559*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDQxNDg5MC4yOTAuMS4xNzIwNDE0OTI3LjIzLjAuMA..)\n\n - \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0491\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0437\n\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 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- "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e) **\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430 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\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f\n\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456\n\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0435 \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456.\n\n\n\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e:\n\n\n**\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438 K\u043e\u0442-Ma\u0454\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457** [\u2013 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u2013 kotmajew@unhcr.org](mailto:kotmajew@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**\u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u041b\u0443\u0437\u0430\u043d** [\u2013 \u0421\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u2013 t.luzan@r2p.org.ua](mailto:t.luzan@r2p.org.ua)\n\n\n**\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0456\u043d\u0456 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043c** - \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u2013\n\n[rpaskarasignham@unicef.org](mailto:rpaskarasignham@unicef.org)\n\n\n**\u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0456** [\u2013 \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0417\u041d \u2013 kristesashvili@unfpa.org](mailto:kristesashvili@unfpa.org)\n\n\n**\u0413\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e** [\u2013 \u0421\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0417\u041d \u2013 gerasymenko@care.de](mailto:gerasymenko@care.de)\n\n\n**\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0456 \u0414\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043d** [\u2013 \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u2013 marie.dahan@undp.org](mailto:marie.dahan@undp.org)\n\n\n**\u0406\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u0446\u0430\u043b\u043e** - \u0421\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u2013\n\n[iryna.gutsalo@uda.org.ua](mailto:iryna.gutsalo@uda.org.ua)\n\n\n**\u0421\u0442\u044e\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0430** [\u2013 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u2013 stuart.brooks@nrc.no](mailto:stuart.brooks@nrc.no)\n\n\n**\u0415\u043c\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u0456\u043d\u043d** [\u2013 \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u2013 wynne@unhcr.org](mailto:wynne@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0cf1522f-0452-4727-8dc5-261a6a547d73/Protection%20Analysis%20Update_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_545/raw/doc_545_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_545/raw/doc_545_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cc8818269ad5322c784dd8f448b35a79ab998aac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_545/raw/doc_545_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,245 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With the end of major hostilities in Afghanistan and the consolidation of control by de facto authorities\n(dfa) in August 2021, conflict is no longer the primary driver of displacement. Nonetheless, 3.2 million\nAfghans remain displaced within the country due to conflict and over 5.82 million are registered refugees\nor Afghans in refugee-like situations in the region, mostly in the Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan.\nAn estimated 34,000 refugees are living in Afghanistan\u2019s Khost and Paktika regions. Refugees and\nasylum-seekers are among the most vulnerable groups in the absence of refugee laws and with limited\naccess to basic rights.\n\nThe socio-economic and human rights situation inside Afghanistan has significantly deteriorated since\nthe takeover in August 2021. Afghans are grappling with steep increases in poverty, malnutrition, and\na near-collapse of the national public health system. An estimated 23.7 million people require\nhumanitarian assistance in 2024.\n\nThe de facto authorities are also systematically dismantling the rights of women and girls. The situation\nhas been exacerbated by decrees limiting the employment of Afghan women by NGOs and UN\norganisations, restricting access to vulnerable women and girls. Currently, there are no signs that the\nsystematic discrimination against women and girls will cease or that their quality of life will improve. On\nthe contrary, on 21 August 2024, the de facto authorities announced the ratification of a Law on the\nPromotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, which dramatically restricts the rights of women in the\ncountry even further. The document is the first formal declaration of the vice and virtue laws under the\ndfa's strict interpretation of Sharia law, and \u2013 unlike the previous edicts \u2013 was published in the Official\nGazette. It gives the Ministry of Vice and Virtue a mandate to enforce the law; in other words, a legal\nbasis for infringement of human rights, further restricting women\u2019s rights. In addition, the law defines\nthe responsibilities of an inspector responsible for enforcing the prohibitions with discretionary power\nover arbitrary arrests and detentions.\n\nAfghanistan remains highly susceptible to climate shocks and is among the least prepared,\nexperiencing extreme weather conditions such as earthquakes, droughts and flooding which compound\npoverty and loss of livelihoods, ultimately creating triggers for further displacement.\n\nThe situation has been further complicated by Pakistan\u2019s implementation of the \u2018Illegal Foreigners\u2019\nRepatriation Plan\u2019 which saw hundreds of thousands of Afghans, many of them refugees, return to\nAfghanistan since late 2023. While the Government of Pakistan has provided a one-year extension for\nProof of Registration cardholders, the return of other groups continues. Afghan communities have been\nwelcoming returnees, however return movements are straining the already limited resources.\n\n#### Key Trends & Figures [2]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_[1 Operational Context and Anlaysis may be reviewed along with UNHCR Protection and Solutions Strategy 2024-2027](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/ibrahsay_unhcr_org/EbceMA3EJOdKvSq1nb70VxQB3yL4JZZpwG6HVyou6al7PA?e=nhfjet)_\n\n_[2 Source: UNHCR Operational Data Portal](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)_\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This protection update for Afghanistan provides a comprehensive overview of UNHCR\u2019s different\nprotection programs, aiming to prevent, mitigate and respond to protection risks faced by vulnerable\npopulations in the context of the current humanitarian crisis and in the absence of durable solutions.\nThe data and insights presented are derived from an extensive protection analysis, collected through a\nvariety of robust tools and systems. The activities include protection monitoring, household\nassessments, returns assisted, specialized support for persons with specific needs, community\nengagement, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), child protection, women protection,\nand civil documentation. This update aims to highlight key achievements, ongoing challenges, and the\ncritical needs of the affected communities, ensuring a transparent and effective protection response.\n\n\n**Assessments**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Documentation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Child protection**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Women protection**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Assisted persons with specific needs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Assisted returns**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Protection Risk I\n\n**Systematic discrimination of women and girls limiting access to rights and services.** Following\nthe 2021 Taliban takeover, the de facto authorities have made significant changes to the legal\nframework concerning gender equality in Afghanistan. The 2004 Constitution, which provided equal\nrights and duties before the law for both women and men, was suspended, so was the Law on the\nElimination of Violence against Women.\n\nThe issuance of over 80 decrees and directives has led to substantial restrictions on women\u2019s basic\nrights and fundamental freedoms. These measures have effectively marginalized women from\nparticipating in the shaping of their own futures and that of their country. Restrictions have been placed\non education, limiting it to below grade seven and in some cases to madrasas after primary school.\n\nWomen\u2019s freedom of movement has been curtailed, particularly through the imposition of mahram (male\nchaperone) requirements, and their freedom of peaceful assembly, opinion, and expression have been\nconstrained. Employment opportunities for women have been limited to specific sectors, and their\nparticipation in public and political life severely restricted.\n\nUNHCR's 2023 Community Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) Report reveals that approximately 40\npercent of households report that there are areas in the community where women and girls are not\nallowed to go.\n\nThe main barriers to movement reported for women and girls across all population groups are mahram\nrequirements, followed by discrimination and the lack of civil documentation, the latter underlining how\nwomen and girls\u2019 limited access to civil documentation disproportionately impacts on their daily lives.\n\n\nEducation centres are most prominently among the places not fully accessible for women and girls\nfollowed by markets, health clinics and waterpoints. The significant number of women and girls that\nmay not be able to access lifesaving health services at clinics within their community is of particular\nconcern.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Female heads of households focused more on access to education whereas male heads of households\nconsidered access to markets, clinics, and water points more challenging than female respondents.\nThis indicates that male and female headed households place different weight on access to education\nfor women and girls.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring furthermore highlights the severe access restrictions faced by women\nin accessing law enforcement and justice mechanisms, leaving them with informal dispute resolution\nmechanisms as the sole avenue to address grievances and legal complaints. The lack of female\nrepresentation in informal dispute resolution mechanisms has been identified as the key shortcoming\nof the system. The limited access to justice further heightens women and girls\u2019 vulnerability to genderbased violence, both in the public and private sphere.\n\nThese surveys reveal some of the impacts of the systemic denial of women's rights, dignity, well-being,\nand personhood, which contravenes Afghanistan's obligations under international treaties, including the\n[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdf)\n\nIn light of these developments, it is imperative for the international community to continue monitoring\nthe situation and advocating for the rights of Afghan women and girls. The commitment to gender\nequality and the protection of women\u2019s rights remains a cornerstone of a just and equitable society.\n\nUNHCR is using the information gathered through its protection monitoring tools to inform these\nadvocacy efforts as well as to adapt its programmatic and strategic decision making to ensure effective\nwomen-to-women service delivery. This includes increased focus women\u2019s access to civil\ndocumentation and legal services as well as MHPSS support. UNHCR has also made conscious efforts\nto include mahram costs for female UNHCR and partner staff in its project budgets, aiming to create an\nenabling environment for women\u2019s participation and to counter the increased marginalization of women\nin the workplace. UNHCR has adopted a variety of different approaches to support its service delivery\nand outreach work to women and girls, including the hiring of married couples as community outreach\nvolunteers.\n\n#### Protection Risk II\n\n\n**Belonging to a specific population group as a key protection risk.** UNHCR\u2019s Community Based\nProtection Monitoring (CBPM), including household-level assessments, key informant interviews and\nfocus group discussions, as well as Rapid Multi-Sectoral Household Assessments (RHAF), have\nidentified stark contrasts in vulnerabilities across various population groups, namely IDP and refugee\nreturnee, host communities, refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\nAsylum-seekers and refugees have reported significantly higher movement restrictions than other\npopulation groups the main reasons being the lack of documentation, safety concerns as well as\nmahram requirements for women. Refugee returnees more often identified fears for their personal\nsafety and security among the key reasons restricting the movement of men, women, boys and girls.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "groups.\n\n\nThe gender-disaggregated data reveals differences in the vulnerability profiles of male and femaleheaded households. While 36.5 per cent of male respondents report having vulnerabilities, this figure\nis substantially higher for female respondents - 74.4 per cent of whom indicate that they have one or\nmore vulnerability. These vulnerabilities include being a female head of household, women-at-risk, or\nhaving a disability. Overall, male heads of households report higher percentages of having disabilities\n(11.3 per cent, compared to 6.6 per cent female-headed) as well as life-threatening health conditions\nor being an older person-at-risk.\n\nA significant number of households reported to have adopted harmful coping mechanisms to mitigate\nthe impacts of these vulnerabilities, implying serious child protection risks, such as sending children to\nwork, including to neighboring countries, engaging them in begging or hazardous work, and child or\nforced marriage. Women and girls are disproportionately affected. Additionally, a small number of\nrespondents resorted to extremely detrimental measures such as selling children for debt relief, and\nsubjecting children to indentured labor for landlords.\n\nMovements to other countries, particularly to Iran and Pakistan \u2013 including of women, children \u2013 has\nbeen reported by a significant number of households. This is despite the increased challenges that\nAfghans face when seeking work or education opportunities as well as life-saving medical care abroad,\nand illustrates the serious impact of the security, human rights and humanitarian crises on communities.\nThe percentage of community members feeling compelled to seek opportunities abroad is higher when\nonly looking at specific population groups, as nearly a quarter of refugee returnees reported on having\nadopted this coping mechanism.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Rapid Multi-Sectoral Household Assessments (RHAF) data confirms an inability to cover the costs of\ntheir most basic needs without resorting to harmful coping mechanisms, with 92 per cent of respondents\nindicating that they accrued debt.\n\n\nAdditionally, 58 per cent of households report at least one member without legal documentation,\nhampering access to rights and essential services such as education and healthcare, and restricting\ntheir freedom of movement and access to employment. This marks a notable rise from the 37 per cent\nrecorded in 2022, which can be mainly attributed to systemic challenges in acquiring legal\ndocumentation following the Taliban takeover in 2021 and the subsequent deterioration of the economic\nsituation in Afghanistan.\n\nThe gap is most pronounced among women and girls, who continue to face considerable obstacles in\n[obtaining essential documents. A study by the Alliance for Financial Inclusion revealed that while around](https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/publications/2020-12/AFI_FDPs_CS_AW_digital_0.pdf)\n90 per cent of Afghan men, whether displaced or not, were reported to have an Afghan national identity\ncard, the tazkira (or e-tazkira) in 2019, only 38 per cent of all Afghan women and 21 per cent of forcibly\ndisplaced women had an ID. Reasons include the cost of administrative fees, the absence of mahrams\nto accompany women, the need to travel long distances to reach civil registration centers and cultural\nnorms that discourage women from seeking legal documentation.\n\nFurthermore, around 30 per cent of all CBPM respondents face housing, land and property (HLP)\nissues, the most prevalent concerns identified being rental disputes, threats of eviction, inheritance\nissues, and ownership or boundary disputes. IDPs experience significantly greater problems related to\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Multi-Sectoral Household Assessments", - "confidence": 0.9957711100578308, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RHAF", - "confidence": 0.999830961227417, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9950073957443237, - "start": 120, - "end": 121 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9666455388069153, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9412006735801697, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In summary, the data demonstrates a critical need for provision of targeted assistance and services to\nwomen and girls and persons with heightened vulnerabilities, including persons with disabilities and\nlegal protection needs, such as persons without legal documentation or persons at risk due to their\nspecific profile. The data suggests the need to place increased focus on those newly returned from\nPakistan.\n\nUNHCR and partners work hard to strengthen protection mainstreaming across all sectors, with a\nparticular focus on prioritizing safety and dignity, securing meaningful access as well as ensuring\nparticipation and empowerment of the community and accountability. This is key to address access\nbarriers that have been identified across all areas of programming.\n\nUNHCR launched a legal assistance project in 2023, seeking to empower individuals, particularly those\naffected by conflict and displacement, by helping them navigate intricate legal systems and ensuring\nthe protection of their rights. It also aims to foster community empowerment through support to legal\nclinics, grassroots campaigns, and community-led initiatives. This is achieved through a\ncomprehensive, multi-faceted approach encompassing a range of legal services and initiatives.\n\n##### Protection Risk III\n\n\n**Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) problems are increasing.** The humanitarian\ncrisis in Afghanistan has led to widespread mental health and psychosocial problems. The ongoing\nemergencies like displacement, natural disasters, returns added more to the experience of Afghan\ncommunities emphasizing the urgent need for improved mental health and psychosocial support\n(MHPSS) services.\n\n[The 2024 Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs Response Plan quotes \u201cover half of Afghans are distressed,](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-summary)\nand one in five individuals is suffering from severe forms of mental health problems.\u201d Data collected\nfrom Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) reveals that 27 per cent of respondents have\nnoticed negative changes in their family members' behaviors. Additionally, 45 per cent of respondents\nnote experiencing stress, affecting their sleep and daily activities. In addition, over 50 per cent of refugee\nreturnees have increased MHPSS needs, with noticeable changes in behavior such as stress, mood,\nand appetite changes, leading to aggression or self-harm. Death by suicide is reported across various\nprovinces, reflecting the profound mental health challenges faced by individuals. While specific data on\nsuicide rates is not available, anecdotal evidence suggests higher rates in some regions. Potential risk\nfactors for this disparity include cultural practices like child marriage, family violence, and\nsocioeconomic hardships.\n\nThis is contrasted by the stark reality of 55 per cent of children and 45 per cent of adults lacking access\nto MHPSS services.\n\nIn response, UNHCR in Afghanistan has developed a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\nStrategic Plan (2024-2027) to address the urgent need for improved mental health services due to the\nwidespread psychological distress. It outlines strategies to enhance access to MHPSS services,\nintegrate critical services into existing UNHCR protection programs, build community resilience, and\nimprove the quality and effectiveness of interventions, through promotion and protection psychosocial\nwell-being and treating mental health problems.\n\nMHPSS is often conceptualized as a multi-layered pyramid of interventions, ranging from clinical\nservices (usually in the health sector) to focused psychosocial support and to community-based\nsupports (often through community-based protection partners).\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.809860110282898, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7771856784820557, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9520767331123352, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.549004077911377, - "start": 130, - "end": 131 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community-Based Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9859494566917419, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CBPM", - "confidence": 0.9969643950462341, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nreturnees", - "confidence": 0.7729710340499878, - "start": 360, - "end": 362 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR and its local and international partners integrate social considerations into basic services,\nensuring accessibility, inclusivity, and cultural appropriateness. MHPSS is integrated into women\u2019s\nprotection and child protection activities. MHPSS teams provide service orientation and awareness\nsessions on MHPSS, starting with community leaders when they arrive in a new location, to address\nmental health stigma. Additionally, UNHCR provides individual one-on-one counseling services in\nAfghanistan through partners.\n\nCapacity exchange activities are among the main objectives of UNHCR\u2019s multi-year strategy for MHPSS\nin Afghanistan, aiming to develop the capacity of local staff so they can support their communities more\nindependently in the future.\n\n#### Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\nAnalyzing UNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring activities reveals the interconnectedness and circular nature\nof belonging to a specific population group, gender, protection risks, mental health, coping mechanisms,\nand assistance needs. These elements are deeply intertwined and for example gender-specific\nvulnerabilities often dictate the nature and severity of protection risks faced by individuals. Women and\ngirls may face heightened risks of gender-based violence, which in turn may require tailored assistance\ninterventions. Age, gender and diversity sensitive protection monitoring helps identify these specific\nrisks and the corresponding needs, allowing for more targeted and effective responses. By\nunderstanding the cyclical relationship between gender or status and protection needs, UNHCR and\npartners can develop more comprehensive strategies that address the root causes of these risks while\nalso providing immediate support to those affected.\n\nTo effectively address these interconnected issues, there is a critical need for protection mainstreaming,\nnexus work, and advocacy for women\u2019s rights. Protection mainstreaming ensures that all humanitarian\nactivities consider and integrate protection principles, making programs more inclusive for vulnerable\npopulations. Nexus work, which connects humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding efforts, allows\nfor a more holistic approach to addressing the underlying causes of protection risks and fostering longterm resilience.\n\n[Implementation of the United Nations Strategic Framework for Afghanistan, which builds on the United](https://afghanistan.un.org/en/238795-united-nations-strategic-framework-afghanistan)\n[Nations Transitional Engagement Framework (TEF) for Afghanistan, has led to a strengthened Nexus](https://afghanistan.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/UN_Transitional_Engagement_Framework_Afghanistan_2022.pdf)\nbetween humanitarian and basic human needs actor, which in turn creates opportunities to ensure\nprotection mainstreaming across all sectors.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age, gender and diversity sensitive protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9028503894805908, - "start": 203, - "end": 211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5582696199417114, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR / August 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884b0a08-73d3-4bb7-b920-c9a4d77322b8/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Afghanistan%20-%2028%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_546/raw/doc_546_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_546/raw/doc_546_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b93a44afdce352eb288cd460fd7a7a9fe5ffbfe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_546/raw/doc_546_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,324 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_**lack of humanitarian assistance and access. Photo: SAHARI**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n## Key Trends & Figures\n\n\n**Over 470,250 people sought refuge from the conflict in countries neighbouring**\n**Darfur.** **[1]** Since the outbreak of conflict on 15 April 2023, 1,086,510 people have fled Sudan\nto other countries in the region. Of this number, over 40% have fled to countries\nneighbouring Darfur and are likely to be predominately displaced from the Darfur States.\nChad has received 420,834 refugees from Sudan, the largest refugee caseload of any\nneighbouring state. In addition, 18,545 people have sought safety in the Central African\nRepublic (CAR). While the majority are Sudanese refugees (13,844), the figure also\nincludes 4,701 CAR refugees compelled to return under adverse conditions. A further\n30,250 Sudanese nationals have fled to South Sudan, predominately via Kosti in White\nNile State, including people from Darfur who were initially displaced internally. Finally,\n4,179 people have fled north to Libya. [2]\n\n**1.7 million newly displaced people sheltering in Darfur.** **[3]** Prior to the outbreak of\nconflict, the Darfur States already had a combined population of about 3,095,246 internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) and 185,174 refugees mainly from South Sudan, but also from\nCAR and Chad. Since the conflict erupted, many IDPs (and some refugees) have been redisplaced from camps and gathering sites while others have been newly displaced from\ntheir homes. Initially, the population of those displaced due to the current conflict was\nlargest in West Darfur, where gathering sites that had hosted over 80,000 IDPs in El\nGeneina were razed to the ground over April and May. The IDP population in West Darfur\npeaked in mid-June 2023 at an estimated 301,055 people.\n\n\nThe killing of the Governor of West Darfur on 14 June precipitated a large-scale outflux of\npeople from West Darfur into Chad [4] resulting in the number of internally displaced within\nthe State dropping significantly. In parallel, the number of IDPs across East, South, North\nand Central Darfur has continued to rise unabated as armed clashes and other forms of\ninsecurity have continued. The IDP population is now largest in the relatively stable State\nof East Darfur, which hosts over 500,000 IDPs including an estimated 317,870 people\ndisplaced from Khartoum and 127,620 people displaced from South Darfur, as well as\n\n\n_[1 Data available at Situation Sudan situation (unhcr.org), accessed on 2 October 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n_2 Data concerning displacement to Libya extracted from_ _[DTM Sudan \u2013 Monthly Displacement Overview (01),](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-01?close=true)_\n\n_accessed on 2 October 2023._\n_3 Data concerning internal displacement extracted from regular reporting provided by IOM DTM. All reports and_\n\n_[datasets are publicly available at Sudan | Displacement Tracking Matrix (iom.int), accessed on 2 October 2023.](https://dtm.iom.int/sudan)_\n_[4 For reports on the death of the West Darfur Wali, see for example: Wali of West Darfur assassinated - Dabanga](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/wali-of-west-darfur-assassinated)_\n\n_[Radio TV Online (dabangasudan.org); UN in Sudan condemns killing of West Darfur governor, raises alarm over](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/wali-of-west-darfur-assassinated)_\n_[\u2018vortex of hate speech\u2019 | UN News.](https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/06/1137732)_\n\n\n2 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Situation Sudan situation", - "confidence": 0.955901563167572, - "start": 490, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "unhcr.org", - "confidence": 0.6344508528709412, - "start": 494, - "end": 497 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7601734399795532, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8510176539421082, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7022091746330261, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Sudan \u2013 Monthly Displacement Overview", - "confidence": 0.6468560099601746, - "start": 518, - "end": 524 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM DTM", - "confidence": 0.5624874830245972, - "start": 549, - "end": 551 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8431670069694519, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.607029914855957, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6377215385437012, - "start": 564, - "end": 567 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.865415632724762, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5259461402893066, - "start": 535, - "end": 536 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\npeople from other areas. The overall number of IDPs is expected to grow, with ongoing\nreports of movements from Nyala and Zalingei into other parts of Darfur, while at the same\ntime small-scale return movements are noted (e.g., back to Tawila in North Darfur).\n\nSo far, UNHCR has seen secondary displacements of refugees both within and from\noutside Darfur States, specifically from Khartoum, Nyala, West Kordofan and East Darfur\nto Al Lait locality in North Darfur totalling over 4,700 individuals to date. In East Darfur, a\ntotal of 1,763 households or 7,262 individuals (majority from Khartoum with 4,814\nindividuals) have been reported. In South Darfur due to the evolving security situation in\nNyala town, urban refugees (the majority from CAR) have remotely reached out to UNHCR,\nreporting movements of refugees from Nyala town to safer areas in El Obeid, Kosti, Ed\nDaein, Madani and Port Sudan.\n\n**High number of civilians killed and injured across Darfur.** While the true figure of\ncivilians killed and injured is unknown, also due to access limitations for protection partners,\nan analysis of trends over time shows a significant spike in fatalities across Darfur [5] since\nthe start of the conflict on April 15, as compared to period before. Reports received by the\nProtection Sector in Darfur suggest that over 3,900 persons may have been killed and over\n8,400 injured between 15 April and the end of August 2023. Reports indicate that a number\nof those killed were targeted based on ethnicity or other affiliation [6] .\n\n\n**At least 29 cities, towns and villages fully or partially destroyed across Darfur.** A\nrecurring characteristic of the fighting tin Darfur, both prior to and since 15 April, is the\ndeliberate destruction of civilian residential areas. Destruction is accomplished through a\ncombination of extensive looting, including even the doors and window frames from\nbuildings, followed by burning of the remaining structures. West and South Darfur States\nhave been particularly severely affected, with 13 locations in West Darfur and nine locations\nin South Darfur fully or partially destroyed. North Darfur and Central Darfur appear to have\nbeen less impacted to date, with five and two locations respectively reported to have been\nfully or partially destroyed.\n\n**Widespread destruction, damage, looting and/or occupation of public buildings,**\n**essential service provision facilities and other structures relied upon by the civilian**\n**population.** Access constraints and telecommunications breakdowns have inhibited\nconsistent reporting, and the data provided below is far from comprehensive; however, the\n\n\n_5 See for example various reports and statements from OHCHR including_ _[https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-spokesperson-ravina-shamdasani-raising)_\n\n_[and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-spokesperson-ravina-shamdasani-raising, 24 June 2023,](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-spokesperson-ravina-shamdasani-raising)_\n_accessed 8 October 2023._\n_6_ _See_ _for_ _example_ _[https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-spokeperson-ravina-shamdasani)_\n_[spokeperson-ravina-shamdasani](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/06/comment-un-human-rights-spokeperson-ravina-shamdasani)_\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2023 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\n139 civilian objects known to have been destroyed, damaged, looted or occupied across\nDarfur to date provide an indication of the impacts of the widespread conflict on the civilian\npopulation. Affected civilian objects include:\n\n\n16 governance structures, 14 law enforcement facilities,\n16 markets\nincluding line ministry offices including police stations\n\n\n\n21 health facilities, including\n\n\n\n6 transport facilities,\n\n\n\n52 educational facilities,\n\n\n\nhospitals and clinics including airports including schools\n\n## Operational Context Analysis\n\n\n\nhospitals and clinics\n\n\n\nincluding airports\n\n\n\nWhen conflict broke out at the national level in Sudan on 15 April 2023, clashes between\nthe Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) quickly ensued\nacross North, South and Central Darfur, with intense fighting in and around the State\ncapitals of El Fasher, Nyala and Zalingei.\n\nIn North Darfur, fighting around El Fasher quickly subsided but the town remains divided,\nand outlying localities such as Kutum and Tawila have borne the brunt of armed conflict.\nParticularly in Central and South Darfur, conflict gradually spread to other localities, with\nmost now ostensibly under the control of the RSF and allied militias. Nyala, the capital city\nof South Darfur State has remained the epicentre and theatre of fighting between the SAF\nand the RSF for the control of the SAF 16th Brigade HQ. This resulted into a dire\nhumanitarian situation with continued deterioration of essential services. All State hospitals,\nexcept for the Turkish hospital, are incapacitated with acute shortage of medical supplies\nand emergency medications, no electricity, and no drinking water. The Turkish hospital has\nalso reported intermittent interruptions in service provision as well as severe shortage of\nmedical supplies including medicines. Nyala town residents are fleeing in large numbers to\nother localities and parts of Darfur. Zalingei in Central Darfur has also seen intense\nrecurrent clashes over several months and consequent extreme hardship for the remaining\ncivilian population. Outside the State capital, the RSF has gained control of a number of\nlocalities while it has remained generally calm in the areas held by the Abdul Wahid bloc\nof the Sudanese Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A-AW) around the Jebbel Marras. In\nmany parts of the State, the conflict has had a significant impact on public infrastructure\nand essential services, and rule of law and civilian protection mechanisms have largely\ncollapsed.\n\nIn West Darfur, one of the States worst affected by the 2003-2005 conflict and still reeling\nfrom successive intercommunal conflicts over 2021 and 2022, local-level intercommunal\nfighting in Tendelti and Forobaranga in March and April respectively had already put the\ncivilian population on edge. There was immediate recognition by political, tribal and other\ncommunity leaders of the specific risks the broader conflict in Sudan would pose in West\nDarfur. Over the week following 15 April, many of those in positions of leadership, authority\nand influence worked hard to mitigate risks of conflict, including through establishing or\nreaffirming the role of structures and networks designed to mediate conflicts and other\nmeasures. When conflict finally erupted in El Geneina on 24 April, it was not a surprise.\nWithin a month, the gathering sites inside El Geneina sheltering over 80,000 conflict\ninduced IDPs had all been razed to the ground. The violence gradually affected other\nlocalities in the State such as Sirba, Foro Baranga and Habila.\n\n\n4 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Darfur region is characterized by the complex interplay of multiple layers of historical\nimpacts of war, conquest and colonization, heightened and sharpened by the recurrent\nconflicts that have roiled the region since the mid-1980s. [7] A range of factors have shaped\nthese conflicts, including: the longstanding deprivation of the Darfur region relative to its\npopulation size; competition for access to land and water between pastoralist groups,\nbetween sedentary farming groups and between pastoralists and farmers; and competition\nfor political power between different tribes, tied to jurisdiction over territory. [8] While the\ndriving factors for each individual conflict may differ, they are typically manifested in a\npredictable manner, with increasing organization of parties to the conflict along ethnic and\ntribal lines as the conflict progresses. This has been the case even when the political\nleadership of parties to the conflict has been ethnically diverse, as armed units on the\nground have still tended to be organized according to the local community or tribal affiliation\nof its members. [9] As a result, conflict patterns have generally reinforced the tribalization of\ndifferent political agendas and, in so doing, increased the risk of conflicts re-emerging. In\nmultiple cases, these consequences have been exacerbated by government policies that\neffectively delegated the prosecution of military operations to tribal militias. [10] The history of\nthe Darfur region demonstrates that even when the initial drivers of conflict are more\nbroadly political rather than tribal, it is almost inevitable that the delegation of military\noperations to tribal militia groups will increase short and long-term risks of intercommunal\nviolence.\n\nSix months on from the outbreak of conflict, the political landscape of the Darfur region has\nbeen almost entirely upended with the region remaining contested by warring parties.\nGovernance structures, including state authorities led by State-level governors (or _Walis_ ),\nNative Administrations, and other community and tribal leadership platforms and leaders,\nhave been disrupted by widespread displacement, key personnel have been killed and, in\nsome cases, replaced or reconstituted under contested conditions.\n\nThe governor of the Darfur region, Minni Minnawi, leader of a Juba Peace Agreement (JPA)\nsignatory armed group and political movement (Sudan Liberation Movement \u2013 Minni\nMinnawi bloc, or SLM-MM), has led the engagement of SLM-MM in some clashes with RSF\nin North Darfur, alongside a second JPA signatory group, Justice and Equality Movement\n(JEM), for the explicit purpose of \u2018protecting civilians\u2019 as per the provisions of the Juba\nPeace Agreement. However, both groups, as well as the South Darfur-based Gathering of\nSudanese Liberation Forces (GSLF), remain officially neutral in the broader conflict.\n\n\n_7 Etefa, T. \u2018Darfur: tracing the origins of the region\u2019s strife and suffering\u2019, 1 March 2020, [Darfur: tracing the origins_\n\n_of the region's strife and suffering (theconversation.com)]._\n_8 El-Gack, N. (2016). The Causes, consequences and implications of Darfur Conflict. In J. A. Jaworski (Ed.),_\n\n_Advances in Sociology Research (First ed., pp. 125-144). Nova Science Publishers._\n_[9 Smiles, J. The root causes of the Darfur conflict, contemp_v33_n1_a4.pdf (ufs.ac.za).](https://scholar.ufs.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11660/9057/contemp_v33_n1_a4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)_\n_10 Flint, J. and de Waal, A, Darfur: A Short History of a Long War (Zed Books, 2005)._\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nIn contrast, SLM-AW has taken a more forward-leaning posture and now claims to control\nseveral areas around its traditional base in Jebel Marra, including localities in North, South\nand Central Darfur, again for the purpose of \u2018protecting civilians\u2019. Notably, the Wali and\nSecurity Committee of North Darfur have officially placed Tawila locality under SLM-AW\nprotection, which is important recognition of the authority and influence of this non-JPA\nsignatory armed group over the population in this area. Meanwhile, SLM\u2019s Tambour bloc\n(SLM-Tambour) based in Central Darfur has explicitly declared an allegiance with SAF, as\nhas Musa Hilal, the former leader of the Darfur Border Guards (a government-backed\nparamilitary force), who maintains a following in North Darfur.\n\nJPA signatory armed groups\u2019 claims of neutrality can perhaps be best understood as an\neffort to avoid escalation of the conflict and preserve space to operate as conflict dynamics\nshift and evolve across the region. However, it has sometimes drawn criticism from civilian\npopulations feeling that more forceful intervention of JPA signatory armed groups may have\nenhanced their protection from the conflict. [11]\n\nIn parallel to organized armed groups and movements, and perhaps in a reflection of the\nformal positions of neutrality that many of those groups have taken in Darfur, there has\nbeen widespread arming of civilians following calls of various military leaders and the\nrelated emergence of less formalized armed groups and militia, as well as localized and\ninformal self-defence groups and initiatives. For example, in Zalingei locality of Central\nDarfur, community members organized the digging of trenches and placement of\nbarricades at the entry points to neighbourhoods to prevent looting shortly after the conflict\nbroke out. Similarly, local communities in North Darfur have collaborated with security\nforces in charge of specific quarters of El Fasher town to secure the protection of their\nneighbourhoods more strongly. At other times, spontaneously created armed community\nself-defence forces have emerged in response to security risks, such as in Sirba locality of\nWest Darfur, where Eringa tribesmen repelled attacks on Abu Suruj in July. Those attacks\nwere initially spearheaded by Arab militias aligned with RSF, and later received RSF\nreinforcement.\n\nArab tribes and militia groups are often assumed to be aligned with RSF but in South Darfur\nintercommunal conflict between the Beni Halba and Salamat tribes has escalated due to\nthe latter\u2019s refusal to publicly support RSF, drawing RSF-aligned fighters from both tribes\nback to South Darfur from Central Darfur to join the tribal conflict. **The mobilization of this**\n**range of different groups, many of them armed, with varying levels of formality and**\n**sometimes dramatically contrasting objectives heightens operating challenges for**\n**humanitarian actors by complicating deconfliction efforts, increasing the volatility**\n**of conflict dynamics, and exacerbating the risks of politicization of aid.**\n\nSince the outbreak of the conflict, the Darfur region has been heavily affected by the direct\nimpacts of the fighting, heightening security risks for civilians and the humanitarian actors\nattempting to reach them with lifesaving aid and protection services. In particular, the\nconflict-driven collapse of financial services systems and conflict-related damage to\ntelecommunications infrastructure and lack of access to fuel, has impeded the utilization of\nkey response modalities (such as cash assistance) as well as the provision of remote\nservices, technical support and capacity building to partners. The chart below summarizes\npublicly available ACLED data on the prevalence of conflict incidents across the Darfur\nStates since the beginning of the conflict. (Note that the rate of incident reporting for\nSeptember may be artificially reduced due to lags in reporting.)\n\n\n_11 It is important to note that the deployment of a \u2018joint protection force\u2019 initially planned by the regional Wali Minni_\n\n_Minnawi faced many delays and in one case in West Darfur pulled back from attempting to reach a contested_\n_area after being ambushed by armed militia groups en route. The number of trained troops available to participate_\n_in this force is also low relative to the geographic and population size of the areas in which they aim to have a_\n_presence._\n\n\n6 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nWhile the data in the chart above accurately captures trends in conflict incidents, including\nthe substantial increase in conflict incidents in South Darfur during intense fighting in Nyala\nin August, it is less able to demonstrate the prevailing and pervasive insecurity that persists\nacross the Darfur region even in the absence of clashes between parties to the conflict or\nother aligned groups. I **t is this insecurity, as much as the ongoing conflict across the**\n**Darfur region, that has created significant and ongoing constraints on humanitarian**\n**access.** Parallel efforts to re-establish humanitarian access to the Darfur States have been\npursued from the east (by road from Port Sudan via El Obeid and Kosti, through Ad Du\u2019ayn\nin East Darfur, to Nyala in South Darfur and then to El Fasher in North Darfur) and from the\nwest (by road from Adre in Chad to El Geneina in West Darfur, through to Zalingei in Central\nDarfur). Both access routes have proven challenging to operationalize and have been\nsubject to unpredictable postponements and delays but nonetheless have enabled delivery\nof life saving aid to some key locations, generally in and around state capitals. UNHCR\nparticipated in the first interagency cross-border assessment missions in August, and\nsuccessfully transported relief supplies across the border into West Darfur for distributions\nin early September.\n\nReaching conflict affected populations outside Darfur State capitals is likely to be\nexponentially more difficult than reaching those within them, due to the distances\nseparating priority locations, the difficulty of achieving deconfliction with all relevant conflict\nactors, and the need to mitigate risks (opportunistic criminality targeting aid convoys and\nwarehouses). All those factors are further complicated by the limited capacity of any actors\nengaged in governance functions (whether on a _de jure_ or _de facto_ basis) to extend their\nauthority beyond the State capitals in which they are typically based.\n\nThese contextual challenges have compelled greater reliance on national and local\norganizations with pre-established presence in conflict affected areas, as well as\ncommunity-based networks and other structures that were either previously supported by\nhumanitarian actors or developed organically as part of communities\u2019 responses to the\nconflict. That trend is likely to continue. While local actors are often extremely well\npositioned to understand needs and identify solutions to logistical barriers, they are also\ninevitably more intertwined with and affected by local and regional political and conflict\ndynamics. Ultimately, the course of the conflict in Darfur will be heavily influenced by the\noutcome of the fighting that continues to rage in Khartoum.\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2023 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Protection Risks and Incidents\n\nSevere protection risks face civilian populations including refugees and IDPs across Darfur,\nranging from the deliberate targeting of civilian areas and objects by parties to the conflict\nto ethnically targeted individual killings, conflict related sexual violence, arbitrary detention,\ndeliberate efforts to block or impede those attempting to flee the conflict and depriving\nthose who have fled of the humanitarian aid that they need. Many unfolding incidents reflect\nthe failure of parties to the conflict to adhere to their obligations under international\nhumanitarian law, despite their stated commitment to those obligations, including in the\n_Jeddah Declaration_ . [12] These risks are immeasurably compounded by rampant criminality\nand a prevailing atmosphere of impunity, reflecting the collapse of justice mechanisms\nacross many areas in the Darfur region.\n\n**Intense fighting in civilian residential areas including use of heavy weaponry.** SAF\nand RSF bases are typically located inside or adjacent to residential areas. While these\nbases are legitimate military targets for parties to the conflict, those parties are nonetheless\nrequired to abide by the principle of precaution and proportionality and take all feasible\nmeasures to protect civilian populations under their control from the dangers arising from\nmilitary operations. There are numerous examples of the parties\u2019 failure to abide by this\nprinciple. For example, on 22 June, fighting between RSF and SAF to achieve control over\nthe SAF base in Zalingei, Central Darfur, resulted in the shelling of an adjacent girls\u2019 school\ncausing the deaths of five children and the wounding of nine others according to reports\nreceived by UNHCR and partners from affected people in the area. Between 20 and 24\nJune in South Darfur, heavy clashes between RSF and SAF that centred on the SAF base\nin Nyala town led to the deaths of at least nine civilians in adjacent residential areas\naffected by mortars and stray bullets, also according to reports received by UNHCR and\npartners from affected people in the area. The use of heavy artillery in densely populated\nareas has been regularly reported, and most recently air strikes were conducted in Nyala\nimpacting residential areas as well.\n\n**Destruction of civilian infrastructure necessary to the survival of the civilian**\n**population.** In El Geneina, water points relied upon by the civilian population, including\nthose from different ethnic backgrounds, were reportedly deliberately destroyed or\nrendered non-functional by armed groups and militias aligned with different parties to the\nconflict, including at least four bore holes. Health care facilities serving different\n\n\n_[12 The Jeddah Declaration was signed by parties to the conflict on 11 May 2023.](https://www.state.gov/jeddah-declaration-of-commitment-to-protect-the-civilians-of-sudan/)_\n\n\n8 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\ncommunities were occupied, damaged and/or destroyed, including El Geneina Hospital\nand Al Naseem Hospital. Reports suggested that medical staff attempting to operate _ad_\n_hoc_ clinics in private residences after the hospitals in El Geneina were rendered nonfunctional were also deliberately targeted for attack. Zalingei Hospital in Central Darfur has\nbeen targeted for looting and related damage on multiple occasions, depriving residents of\nboth Zalengei and surrounding areas of access to the only nearby referral hospital. Health\nfacilities in both North and South Darfur have also been reported damaged and looted\nbecause of the conflict, including hospitals and smaller health facilities in some of the IDP\ncamps. In other areas of Darfur region, where entire neighbourhoods or settlements have\nbeen burnt to the ground (including at least 13 locations in West Darfur, nine in South\nDarfur, five in North Darfur and two in Central Darfur), it is also extremely likely that civilian\ninfrastructure has been destroyed or severely damaged; however, the precise impacts\nremain difficult to verify where conflict is ongoing and/or humanitarian access remains\nconstrained.\n\n**Indiscriminate and targeted conflict impacts on IDP camps and gathering sites.** In\nseveral instances, IDP camps and gathering sites sheltering populations already displaced\nbecause of prior conflicts have been impacted by the conflict. In some cases, those impacts\nappear to result from indiscriminate shooting or shelling, such as when eight IDPs in Otash\nIDP camp in South Darfur were killed because of heavy shelling on 23 June. Over 200 IDPs\nacross three IDP camps in Central Darfur were reportedly killed due to intense fighting on\n6 September. In other gravely concerning cases, IDP sites appear to have been\ndeliberately targeted by parties to the conflict and/or by armed groups operating in\nalignment with them. Kassab IDP camp in Kutum, North Darfur was reportedly destroyed\nand its entire population, approximately 22,000 individuals, secondarily displaced following\nan attack on the camp on 3 June. Tawila town in North Darfur was also largely destroyed\nover successive attacks taking place between 15 to 19 June. This led to the (secondary)\ndisplacement of thousands of IDPs, forcing some to shelter in relatively unsafe villages\nprone to militia attack and banditry. A particularly egregious example of this deliberate\ntargeting is the razing of all 86 IDP gathering sites in El Geneina town in the first month of\nthe conflict. IDPs affected by the burning down of the gathering sites reported being told to\n\u2018get out\u2019 of El Geneina. In early June, during clashes in North Darfur, Kassab IDP camp\nwas reportedly directly targeted by RSF and aligned Arab militias, resulting in the deaths\nof 54 IDPs from the camp. Later, on 15 September, Hasahisa IDP camp was attacked,\nresulting in the deaths of three IDPs and injuries to four others. By that point, the camp had\nbeen besieged by RSF, leaving the injured IDPs with no means of accessing medical\ntreatment outside the camp. The targeting of IDPs has, in some instances, reflected the\nattribution to them of affiliation with a party to the conflict. For example, on 16 June, 20 IDP\nmen and youth from El Salam IDP camp in South Darfur were reportedly arbitrarily detained\nby RSF while travelling between the camp and Nyala town. Reports indicated that the\ndetainees were tied up, beaten, intimidated and coerced into \u2018admitting\u2019 to spying for SAF,\ndespite attempting to explain that they had been travelling to Nyala only to purchase basic\ncommodities and access medical services.\n\n**Constraints on civilians fleeing areas of armed conflict.** Those attempting to escape\nfrom areas of armed conflict across Darfur have frequently reported facing barriers to doing\nso, including checkpoints on key routes as well as risks of criminality and intimidation by\narmed persons. In June, following the attack on Tawila in North Darfur, armed men\nengaged in looting and other harassment of those attempting to flee descended upon the\nroad between Tawila and El Fasher. As a result, only an estimated one in three of those\ndisplaced from Tawila managed to reach El Fasher, with the remainder displacing to other\nlocations within Tawila locality where they had reduced access to life saving services and\nassistance. Also in June, those seeking to flee the violence in El Geneina reportedly faced\nmultiple checkpoints on the road between El Geneina and the Chadian border, at which\nmen of \u2018fighting age\u2019 were ethnically profiled and granted or denied passage, based on\ntribal membership. Many attempting the journey faced looting of their belongings, while\nothers were physically assaulted or killed. In July, Zalingei was reportedly surrounded by\nRSF and allied militias, and an estimated 50 irregular checkpoints were reported to be\noperating along the Zalingei-Nyala Road. These measures severely impeded civilian\nmovement out of Zalingei despite many wishing to escape the widespread looting and\nongoing conflict. In the same month, residents of Habila who were attempting to escape to\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2023 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nChad in the lead-up to the attacks on the town over 16-17 July reportedly faced aggressive\nbehaviour from members of the Arab _damras_ along the route between Habila town and\nChad. This included imposition of \u2018fines\u2019 and confiscation of donkey carts and other\npersonal property, raising the costs of flight substantially and forcing households to\nprioritize the flight of those family members they deemed most at risk in the event of conflict\n(typically men). Also in July, both RSF and aligned militia groups reportedly blocked people\nfrom Sirba attempting to flee across the border into Chad after the town was attacked,\nresulting in the majority of IDPs from Sirba displacing to other areas of Sirba locality or to\nKulbus and Jebel Moon localities. There are several checkpoints in North Darfur,\nparticularly around Kutum and Kebkabiya where armed actors are restricting movement\nand collecting fees and taxes from travellers. In September, travel between Nyala and other\nlocalities of South Darfur was also restricted by the growing number of checkpoints along\nkey routes of travel. The checkpoints reportedly require substantial amounts of money to\nbe paid by drivers and passengers to secure passage, allegedly on the basis that these\n\u2018fees\u2019 are for the protection of travellers from criminal elements.\n\n**Protection threats facing civilians remaining in conflict-affected areas.** The practice\nof imposing \u2018fees\u2019, \u2018fines\u2019 or \u2018taxes\u2019 on those attempting to flee has been replicated to those\nunable to flee, on the pretext of guaranteeing their security; however, reports indicate that\nthe payment of the \u2018fees\u2019 appears unlikely to result in protection from attack or other\nprotection violations. In Habila, the payment of protection \u2018fees\u2019 to members of adjacent\n_damras_ did delay attacks on the town but when the capacity of the residents to pay the fees\nwas exhausted, the town was almost immediately overrun. After the town was overrun, and\nonce a semblance of order was restored, remaining residents were required to pay \u2018fees\u2019\nfor the operation of RSF checkpoints at the entrances to the town on market days. Similarly,\n\u2018taxes\u2019 were imposed on civilian populations in the North Darfur settlements of Tawila,\nKutum and Kabkabiya in July, after the towns had experienced attacks and came under\nthe control of RSF. Checkpoints within towns also pose protection risks to non-displaced\nconflict affected civilians, inhibiting freedom of movement and increasing risks of arbitrary\ndetention. This was the case in El Fasher, where stringent security checks and roadblocks\nwere established following clashes between RSF and SAF. The checkpoints reportedly\nresulted in the arbitrary arrest and detention of numerous individuals, including IDPs, and\ndisrupted the transportation of goods between El Fasher and other towns, to the extent that\nthe main market in El Fasher was forced to almost entirely close down.\n\nSimilar constraints on freedom of movement and risks of arbitrary detention were reported\nin South Darfur since July and were described as inhibiting access to basic services. The\noperation of checkpoints also enables targeting of individuals based on their profile. In\nAugust, reports from Central Darfur indicated the increasing detention of individuals by RSF\nthat appeared to be based on tribal affiliation or suspicion of supporting SAF. At least 60\nindividuals were reported to be in incommunicado detention in Central Darfur in August\nalone. In September, in North Darfur, checkpoints operating on the road between the IDP\ncamps and the El Fasher market appeared to be targeting IDPs for arbitrary detention on\nsuspicion of affiliation with RSF. This targeting also reportedly led to increased reports of\ndetention of IDPs as well as other civilians in El Fasher.\n\nThere is also a situation of general insecurity, with rising crime reported in places such as\nEast Darfur, where IDPs and refugees in El Neem camp have reportedly experienced\nindiscriminate shooting, armed robbery, intimidation, threats and kidnapping against the\nbackdrop of increased criminality in the state. On 10 August, unidentified armed men\nthreatened three IDP youth in El Neem camp, looting their mobile phones and injuring one.\nOn 17 September, unidentified armed men targeted an IDP man riding a donkey cart in Ad\nDu\u2019ayn town, looting seven jars of cooking oil and money from him. A total of three refugees\nhave been killed in farming areas and three IDPs have been kidnapped and released after\npayment of a ransom. The lack of functioning justice mechanisms in the area has\ncontributed to the rise in criminality, as it effectively provides those engaged in criminal\nactivities with impunity, thereby exacerbating the protection risks faced by groups like IDPs\nwith already heightened vulnerability. Many urban areas are also facing a dire humanitarian\nsituation, such as Zalingei and Nyala, as most essential services have broken down and\nlimited humanitarian or commercial supplies have been able to reach those areas.\n\n\n10 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\n**Conflict related sexual violence.** Undoubtedly, the number of those who have\nexperienced conflict related sexual violence across Darfur because of the ongoing conflict\ngreatly exceeds the number of cases that have been reported to date. Reporting is not only\ninhibited by the conflict itself but also by lack of access to relevant services for survivors of\nsexual violence, breakdowns in the telecommunications network, and fear of (further)\ncommunity stigma. To the extent that it has been possible to engage with communities on\nthe issue, feedback indicates a disturbing scale of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV)\nin conflict affected areas. Respondents engaged through assessments in El Geneina\nindicates that survivors of CRSV are typically known to the community because incidents\nwere frequently perpetrated in front of family members or others. This practice appears to\nhave been designed to increase feelings of shame and humiliation among survivors, and\nreports indicate that survivors have in some cases committed suicide as a result. In one\ncase that occurred in early June, a group of armed men reportedly intercepted three\nminibuses taking passengers from El Fasher in North Darfur to Nyala in South Darfur. The\narmed men looted the passengers\u2019 money, mobile phones and clothing. They then\nreportedly separated the male and female passengers and drove the women and girls to\nanother location. The armed men then reportedly raped all the women and girls at gun\npoint, before returning them to the group approximately 90 minutes later. In other cases,\nCRSV has reportedly affected women and girls despite them being in the relative safety of\ntheir homes. Over late July to early August when Habila, in West Darfur, was \u2018overrun\u2019 by\narmed militia members, there were reports of five girls allegedly being abducted and raped\nin separate incidents. In at least three of those cases, girls were reportedly abducted from\ntheir homes. Cases of women being abducted have also been reported in Central Darfur.\nProblematically, access to services for CRSV survivors has been severely curtailed in\nmany conflict-affected locations across Darfur. Refugee women and girls have become\nmore vulnerable as showed by several reported cases of GBV (rape, physical violence,\nearly marriage). In East Darfur, a total of 10 cases have been reported. In South Darfur,\ntwo cases of abduction of women with intention to rape them were reported; the survivors\nwere reportedly rescued.\n\n**Children severely affected by direct and indirect impacts of conflict.** Children have\nfelt a range of direct conflict impacts, including cases that constitute grave violations of\nchildren\u2019s rights such as killing and maiming, sexual violence and recruitment of children\ninto armed forces and groups. In addition, the high levels of displacement from conflict\naffected areas across Darfur have contributed to an observed uptick in the number of cases\nof unaccompanied and separated children. These children tend to be most visible in\nmarketplaces, where they are exposed to further risks of trafficking, child labour and other\nabuses. The closure of schools, and the use of many school buildings as shelter for IDPs\nin areas that have been less directly affected by the conflict means that children have\nreduced opportunities to access or benefit from referrals to other social services, including\npsychosocial support. Where it has been possible to conduct needs assessments, initial\nresults indicate that a considerable proportion of children are demonstrating needs for\npsychosocial support including through experiencing nightmares, violent behaviour, and\nincreased recourse to risky coping mechanisms such as drug and alcohol.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.992155909538269, - "start": 617, - "end": 619 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.9021846055984497, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nThe situation of refugee children in the refugee camps and settlements is also of serious\nconcern. In North Darfur, 12 refugee girls were physically assaulted after Church services.\nDuring the first clashes in El Fasher, two refugee children were seriously injured in Dinka\ncamp, while on 15 May, during the second clashes in El Fasher town, three refugee children\nwere reportedly raped as they fled to Dinka camp. Almost all schools in the refugee\nsettlements and camps as well as in urban areas have been closed due to the ongoing\nconflict in the Darfur. The disruption of education and lack of access to life-saving services\nhave been aggravated by the current conflict, children and particularly girls have been\nexposed to conflict-related sexual violence, distress, trauma and family separation. The\nlived experience of the conflict and the flight has had a severe impact on the mental health\nand psychological wellbeing of children. For example, in South Darfur, on 23 May, through\nremote monitoring, UNHCR was informed that two refugee girls in Buram settlement were\nabducted by masked perpetrators on motorcycles with intention to rape them. Refugees\nimmediately shouted and ran after them, securing their release. In the current disrupted\nsocio-economic situation, the risks of neglect and exploitation of refugee children are on\nthe rise, with risks of abduction into forced labour, recruitment into armed groups, and even\ntrafficking.\n\n**Dire conditions in camps and gathering sites for refugees and internally displaced**\n**people.** Particularly in the early weeks and months of the conflict when humanitarian\naccess was at its worst across Darfur, conditions faced by both refugees and protracted\nand newly displaced IDPs in camps and gathering sites deteriorated sharply. The\nconditions that IDPs experienced also reflected the broader destruction and disruption\nwrought by the conflict, including the shutdown of markets in heavily conflict affected areas\nwhich significantly reduced the capacity of IDPs to access food, resulting in measurable\nincreases in malnutrition and related health concerns. Reports from key informants on the\nground described the daily announcement of newly deceased IDP children\u2019s names by\nmosques in parts of El Geneina town, West Darfur, to which IDPs had fled only to find that\nthey had no or insufficient access to food, water and other essentials. Even in more stable\nareas, the capacity of the host community to support large influxes of IDPs has been\nstretched to breaking point. In Sileia, the capital of Jebel Moon locality in West Darfur, the\nbulk of the IDP population is sheltering in five overcrowded schools. Lack of access to\nsufficient food and decent shelter has reportedly resulted in high levels of malnutrition,\nmalaria and diarrhoea. The situation of newly arriving IDPs is also poor, given that only\nlimited humanitarian assistance has been provided to date, whilst other new IDP caseloads\nhave yet to be provided with any assistance at all. Where inter-agency assessments have\nso far been conducted, urgent needs commonly identified include not just food but also\nWASH, health and shelter. The absence of humanitarian assistance and livelihood\nopportunities, coupled with the continued insecurity has led to economic instability. Crisisaffected populations struggle to meet their basic needs such as food, shelter, healthcare,\nfurther exacerbating their vulnerability. For example, in East Darfur, a high number of\nwomen and girls have left the camps to urban areas, seeking livelihood opportunities. They\nare susceptible to exploitation and sexual abuse, as desperation for income may make\nthem targets to unscrupulous individuals.\n\nRefugees have been particularly badly affected. Refugees in Darfur have been exposed to\nnumerous protection risks since the start of the conflict. One of the immediate impacts has\nbeen the suspension of registration by the office of the Commissioner for Refugees (COR),\nleaving refugees at higher risk of exploitation and denial of access to services due to a lack\nof documentation. Many refugees have reportedly faced challenges at checkpoints, often\nbeing seen as foreign and thus as potentially affiliated to one side or another, causing a\nrisk of arbitrary detention. The number of refugees and asylum seekers with protection and\nhumanitarian needs in Darfur was already critical before the crisis, and the number of those\nrequiring humanitarian assistance has increased as the majority of the refugees are directly\naffected by the conflict. Almost all essential services previously provided by humanitarians\nand/or Government in refugee settlements and camps have been disrupted. This applies\nto health and nutrition services, food assistance, WASH support and access to education,\nas well as some protection services such as registration. Most partners have fully or\npartially suspended operations. The lack of access to basic life-saving services including\n\n\n12 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nfood, WASH, health care and nutrition, ES/NFIs, disruption of livelihood and scarcity of\nnecessities, restrictions of movements, GBV, lack of access to CMR and MHPSS services\nas well as disruption of humanitarian aid, have contributed to the precarious situation of the\nrefugees in Darfur. Many refugees reliant on food assistance have been left without support\nfor months, for example in Um Shalaya refugee camp in Central Darfur where food\nassistance has not been provided since late 2022. By and large refugees in Darfur have\ngone without food distribution for the last 6 \u2013 7 months, although many had already been\nwithout food assistance for several months before the conflict. There is now severe\nmalnutrition reported (for example, lactating and expectant mothers in Al Lait) due to lack\nof access to food and nutritional supplies, resulting into reported deaths including children.\nIn North Darfur alone, 169 deaths of refugees (children, lactating and expectant mothers)\ndue to severe malnutrition and other related diseases have been reported. Several\ndiseases outbreaks such as measles in refugee settlements and camps have also been\nreported, whilst the clinics that do remain operational are running out of medical supplies.\n\n**Re-escalation of intercommunal tensions and violence.** The conflict has enabled those\nwith intercommunal grievances to act on them, reigniting longstanding conflicts between\ndifferent groups in some areas and creating new conflicts in others. This has perhaps been\nmost clearly demonstrated in West Darfur, where intercommunal conflicts caused recurrent\nviolence in 2021 and 2022. In June 2023, the impacts of intercommunal violence in West\nDarfur were stark. Multiple reports indicated a campaign of targeted attacks against\ncivilians based on their tribal background, allegedly conducted by Arab militia members\nand some armed men in RSF uniforms. Targeted individuals most frequently included\nthose in positions of leadership or influence with Masalit tribal affiliations, but also lawyers,\nhuman rights defenders and others. In some cases, reports indicate that those conducting\nthe attacks went from house-to-house in specific neighbourhoods, with the aim of\nidentifying and killing targeted individuals. In July, there were reports that lists compiled by\nlocal actors in El Geneina ostensibly to facilitate provision of humanitarian aid had been\nshared/ seen by members of armed forces and/or militia groups, who had then used the\ninformation to locate and kill four people. On 12 September, a group of armed men attacked\nan Arab _damra_ near Anjemei village, south-east of El Geneina town, killing five males\n(including three children) and injuring a sixth. While the perpetrators fled to Chad, there\nwere immediate concerns that the incident could spark an escalation of intercommunal\ntensions with a range of tribes having communities on both sides of the Chad-Sudan border\n(including Masalit and Zaghawa). Positively, Chadian authorities swiftly followed up and\napprehended the perpetrators. However, reports indicating that the perpetrators may have\nbeen from among the Sudanese refugee population in Chad underline the ongoing risk that\nincidents of this kind may provoke further escalation and potentially even a spill over of the\nconflict.\n\nIn other areas of Darfur, intercommunal tensions and violence have also been triggered for\na range of reasons. South Darfur has been a site of intercommunal fighting between\ndifferent Arab tribes, linked to the refusal of the Salamat to publicly declare their support\nfor RSF (despite members of the Salamat tribe fighting with RSF). While the conflict has\nlargely been between the Salamat and Beni Halba tribes, some reports in September\nindicated the involvement of Habaniya and Ta\u2019aisha tribesmen in a potential expansion of\nthe conflict. On 23 September, it was reported that over 50 Salamat tribesmen were killed\nin fighting near Kabbum, after Salamat fighters had burned the town to the ground the\nprevious week causing an unconfirmed number of casualties among the Beni Halba tribe.\nThe conflict has expanded to impact parts of Mukjar locality in Central Darfur, including\nBoro and Wastani villages. In South Darfur, Nyala, Joint Protection Forces (JPF) were\ndeployed in some residential areas and marketplaces on 28 August. While the deployment\nreportedly greatly enhanced freedom of movement for civilians and enabled the partial reopening of some markets by reducing looting and other criminal activities, it also became\na source of tension because residents of neighbourhoods predominately inhabited by Arab\ntribes opposed this deployment. Their opposition illustrates the tendency of broader\npolitical conflicts to take on tribal dimensions in Darfur, with Arab tribespeople concerned\nthat JPF elements will be largely composed of and be sympathetic and supportive of nonArab tribes in their area.\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2023 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Health facilities in settlements in East Darfur continue to run amid a shortage of medicine and supplies. Photo: UNHCR**_\n\n\nHarassment of farmers is also often indicative of rising intercommunal tensions with their\nroots in competition over land use. Reports have indicated that harassment of farmers is\nongoing in several areas. In North Darfur there were reports of farmers, including women,\nbeing subjected to harassment or assault when seeking access to farmland around Tawila,\nwhilst in September there were tensions reported in Zam Zam after a cattle rustling incident\nled to skirmishes with local Arab tribesmen. Similar reports were received from the area\naround Manawashi in South Darfur. The intercommunal character that often underlies this\ntype of harassment was clearest in reports from Garsila in Central Darfur, where Arab\ntribesmen were reported to be preventing civilians from accessing their farmland in June,\nallegedly with the support of RSF, and threatening to kill them should they do so. Farmers\ndescribed being instructed by Arab tribesmen to \u2018forget\u2019 their farms this year because the\nland is really owned by Arabs. The risk of intercommunal disputes around land use will rise\ntowards the end of the year, as herders begin to release their livestock creating risks of\ncrop destruction.\n\n## Key Elements of the Protection Response\n\n\n**Strengthening community-based approaches.** The community has been at the frontline\nof the response across Sudan, including in Darfur. While many of the Community Based\nProtection Networks (CBPNs) supported by UNHCR and partners prior to the outbreak of\nconflict have been disrupted by displacement and other conflict impacts, several continue\nto function to some extent. Impressively, members of CBPNs who have been displaced to\nChad have continued working to identify and refer persons with specific needs and others\nto specialized services, where possible. UNHCR and partners have also continued to rely\non CBPNs and other community-based structures for their contribution to ongoing\nprotection monitoring, which has been sustained throughout the conflict although often\nconducted remotely. CBPNs including those amongst the refugee community retain a core\nrole in ensuring accountability to affected populations (AAP) as well as supporting the\nsensitization of communities to risks of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and enabling\nthe reporting of SEA concerns.\n\nLooking forward, the capacities of CBPNs will continue to be strengthened through\nconsolidating or re-forming disrupted structures, tailored capacity building for new and\nexisting members, and promoting linkages with Multi-Purpose Community Centres\n(MPCCs) functioning as hubs for access to information, services and assistance in conflict\n\n\n14 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\naffected areas. The MPCCs will enable the operation of Protection Desks, facilitating the\nidentification of persons with specific needs and providing access to information and\nreferrals to specialized services. In addition, the MPCCs will provide a venue for\nimplementation of a range of other activities through collaboration with partners, including\npsychosocial support, legal counselling, and other services prioritized by community\nmembers.\n\n\n**Protection monitoring:** Using its wide network of remaining CBPNs as well as networks\nof Key Informants and working as well in close coordination with its Protection Sector\npartners, UNHCR has continued to engage in protection monitoring. Much of this has had\nto be done through remote means. Where UNHCR and/or partners remained physically\npresent, in-person protection monitoring has also been conducted in East and North Darfur,\nas well as intermittently in South Darfur. Remote protection monitoring has been possible\nthrough our pre-existing network of Key Informants and CBPNs in all Darfur States.\nAlthough some of the networks have been disrupted and some Key Informants displaced,\nUNHCR remained in contact with 53 CBPNs and 232 Key Informants, with coverage of all\nthe \u2018hotspot\u2019 areas. In North Darfur UNHCR\u2019s partner also successfully reconstituted a\nnumber of CBPNs. In total, UNHCR and partners have reached over 90,000 persons\nthrough community-level protection monitoring since 15 April. Results of monitoring have\nbeen used to inform advocacy, as well as form the basis of referrals to service providers or\nhuman rights actors to document potential human rights or IHL violations.\n\n**Provision of cash and NFI assistance to IDPs and refugees.** Over 10,000 households\nin North Darfur have received NFIs since 15 April. The NFIs were distributed to newly\ndisplaced IDPs and (vulnerable) host communities in El Fasher (which has received many\nnew IDPs not only from locations within North Darfur such as Kutum, Tawila, but also from\nSouth Darfur). Earlier on in the conflict, UNHCR had completed communal distributions of\nNFIs and 4 generators in health centres that service both IDPs and host communities.\nThrough the cross-border mechanism with Chad, UNHCR has organized the transport and\ndistribution of 4,577 NFI kits to IDPs in the West Darfur localities of Kulbus and El Geneina\n(including newly displaced IDPs in Ardamata), reaching a total of 22,855 individuals.\nAssessments of additional locations in West and Central Darfur are planned during\nOctober, in preparation for further distributions in October and November. In Nertiti, Golo,\nRokero towns, as well as Um Dukhun locality, in Central Darfur, cash assistance to support\nprotection outcomes is being provided, as well as provision of dignity kits to women and\ngirls affected by GBV. Further expansion of cash assistance to support protection\noutcomes is also prioritized for implementation in the fourth quarter of 2023, in collaboration\nwith partners. In South Darfur, SORR has successfully concluded the rapid assessment for\nthe identification of persons with specific needs (PSNs) amongst the newly displaced IDPs\nin Kalma, Otash and Dereige IDP camps for support with expected 5,000 plastic tarpaulins.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\n**Promoting social cohesion.** In one location, El Neem IDP camp in East Darfur, UNHCR\nthrough partners have organized sports activities in the form of football tournaments\nbetween the host community and IDPs. This has promoted social cohesion and created\ninclusiveness. In addition, this has improved the mental wellbeing of both communities, as\nwell as fostering a sense of belonging for the newly displaced IDPs. Such activities have\nhad to be suspended elsewhere but UNHCR will embed social cohesion activities into the\nMPCCs it now plans to set-up in key locations.\n\n**Provision of legal assistance to refugees** . Through a local partner UNHCR has\ncontinued to provide legal assistance to refugees, including for those in detention.\nHowever, the partner has had to suspend operations in several areas where refugees\nreside due to the conflict.\n\n**Support to Persons with Specific Needs** . UNHCR Protection partners partially\nimplemented activities in three out of the five States. This included identification of and\nsupport to PSNs. Through partners in North, Central and East Darfur, over 2030 PSNs\n(including protection cases) have been identified for tailored assistance support since 15\nApril, including from amongst new IDP populations. The assistance provided is either\nindividual protection assistance through partners or multi-purpose cash assistance. These\nactivities are at various stages of implementation, as UNHCR and partners seek to explore\nmodalities for cash distributions in coordination with the Cash Working Group for Darfur.\n\n**Prevention and response to GBV and Child Protection** . In some locations, such in East\nDarfur, UNHCR and partners have been able to continue to implement a broader range of\nprotection programmes, in particular for refugees, including responding to GBV and child\nprotection. GBV awareness sessions have been conducted in El Neem IDP camp as well\nas in El Daein Locality, and partners have been able to respond to GBV cases in both\nrefugee and IDP areas. Elsewhere, UNHCR coordinates closely with the GBV and CP\nWorking Groups which remain active in some Darfur States such as parts of North Darfur\nwith continued limited provision of GBV and CP services in some locations.\n\n**Coordination, protection mainstreaming and advocacy.** UNHCR continues to lead the\ncoordination of the Protection Sector in Darfur, facilitating regular meetings with sector\npartners at the State level to encourage the exchange of information about the evolving\nprotection context, promoting the adoption of standardized tools and harmonized ways of\nworking, strengthening the functionality of referral pathways, and identifying emerging\nprotection trends in need of timely and coordinated responses. UNHCR also continues to\ncoordinate the refugee response through Refugee Working Groups, combining these with\nProtection Sector WG meetings where appropriate to streamline partners\u2019 need to attend\nmultiple forums. In addition, UNHCR provides support for the mainstreaming of protection\nacross the response through technical support for conflict sensitivity and ongoing\ncoordination with non-Protection sectors. Advocacy on protection of civilians in Darfur is\nundertaken through the regular publication of Protection of Civilians Notes shared with key\nstakeholders including the HCT, together with _ad hoc_ advocacy actions conducted in\nresponse to urgent protection threats identified through protection monitoring.\n\n## Challenges & Opportunities\n\nSecurity risks, the rainy season, and other **constraints on humanitarian access** pose\nsignificant challenges to scaling up UNHCR\u2019s response in Darfur. To the extent that\nhumanitarian access has been regained, it remains largely focused on the delivery of\nsupplies for distribution to IDPs, refugees and other conflict affected people. This is of vital\nimportance in the context of the severe deprivation that people across Darfur have been\nexperiencing in the context of the ongoing conflict. However, resumption of core protection\nservices requires predictable physical presence of specialized staff alongside conflict\naffected people. In some areas, humanitarian access has expanded sufficiently for some\nUNHCR partners to achieve this level of physical presence, but a number of hotspot\nlocations so far remain inaccessible or impossible to access in a predictable and sustained\n\n\n16 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n\nmanner. UNHCR is working to overcome these challenges through investment in access\nroutes into Darfur from both the east (from Kosti) and the west (from Chad). Cross-border\naccess routes into Darfur from Chad have already enabled access to West Darfur and are\nanticipated to provide access into Central Darfur, and potentially North Darfur in the coming\nmonths.\n\n**Disruption and unpredictability of telecommunications networks** has also been a key\nresponse impediment, making remote outreach to conflict affected locations difficult to\nachieve and hampering efforts to gather information required for response planning\npurposes. Recognizing that the re-establishment of physical presence of UNHCR and\npartners may be difficult to achieve immediately in some locations, improving the\nfunctionality of telecommunications networks is required to enable the speedy roll out of\nremotely supported responses. In some locations in Darfur, improvements to\ntelecommunications infrastructure have been driven by local businessmen setting up\nsatellite internet access through portable, solar-powered satellite receiver sets. Adoption of\nthese types of modalities to ease communication with partners and CBPNs linked to\nMPCCs would enhance capacity building efforts, enable provision of remote services and\nsupport broader protection monitoring coverage.\n\nAcross Darfur, **humanitarian infrastructure has been damaged and destroyed**\nincluding many of UNHCR\u2019s and partners\u2019 offices including COR, guesthouses and\nwarehouses. Rebuilding will take time and significant resources and cannot be undertaken\nat scale until there are assurances that new facilities will be safe from looting and attack.\nIn the interim pending a security risk assessment and building on the access to Darfur\nalready achieved through the cross-border modality, UNHCR is also exploring the\nestablishment of integrated UN premises in El Geneina to enable the return of a static UN\npresence to the Darfur region which would act as a staging point for missions into more\ndistant parts of West and Central (and potentially North) Darfur.\n\nThe response to the catastrophic protection impacts generated by the ongoing conflict in\nSudan is currently **only 31% funded** . Under-resourcing the response creates risks of\nundermining the legitimacy of humanitarian action in the eyes of communities who will not\nreceive the protection services and assistance that they need. It also increases the\nlikelihood that provision of aid will become (further) politicized, as targeting is forced to\nbecome narrower in the face of funding shortfalls. The challenges that have impeded the\nprotection response in the Darfur region to date, including the access impediments that\nhave necessitated the adoption of cross-border modalities, mean that activity costs may be\nhigher in the Darfur region compared to other areas of Sudan. Those higher costs are\njustified by the humanitarian imperative of reaching those most in need of protection and\nassistance. While local actors continue to operate at the frontline of the response,\nlocalization should not be perceived as a cost-saving (or a risk transfer) measure. On the\ncontrary, localization requires appropriate resourcing, to ensure that partners are\nappropriately supported. A comprehensive protection response must be delivered in Darfur\ndespite the challenges, to create a foundation for the longer-term development responses\nthat are also needed and to provide forcibly displaced people with hope for genuinely\ndurable solutions in the future.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF > **DARFUR REGION** (OCTOBER 2023)\n\n## Key Messages\n\n\n\n\n\n18 UNHCR / October 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/001a3b1b-3e8c-46dc-9fc7-7f8872848f45/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Darfur%20-%20October%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_547/raw/doc_547_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_547/raw/doc_547_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 89373ed4cd6ebafb12077f016f8eff5f7d73d488..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_547/raw/doc_547_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS** **IN MONTENEGRO**\n\n##### **1 January 2025**\n## Operational Context\n\nThe Constitution of Montenegro (2007)\nguarantees the right to asylum as a\nfundamental human right, while the 2018 Law\non International and Temporary Protection of\nForeigners (asylum law) established a twostep asylum application procedure: initial\nregistration of asylum intention with the Border\nPolice, valid up to 2 weeks, followed by a\nformal asylum application submitted to the\nDirectorate for Asylum (DfA) of the Ministry of\nthe Interior (MoI).\n\nThe MoI\u2019s DfA, located in the Capital city of\nPodgorica, serves as the primary adjudication\nbody for asylum claims. Decisions made by\nthe DfA can be appealed before the\nAdministrative Court of Montenegro, with the\nappeal having a suspensive effect.\n\nThe MoI\u2019s Directorate for Reception (DfR)\nmanages two accommodation centres: one in\nBozaj, near the Albanian border and another\nin Spuz, in central Montenegro, with a total\ncapacity of 164 beds.\n\nThe MoI\u2019s Directorate for Integration (DfI), in\ncharge of integration of persons granted\ninternational protection, is located in the same building with the DfA in the Capital city of\nPodgorica.\n\nSince November 2023, Frontex border guards have been deployed in key border areas of\nMontenegro, to support the national border police.\n\nSince the establishment of the asylum system in 2006, Montenegro has received 16,770 asylum\napplications, with 147 individuals receiving international protection ( _Graph 4_ ). As of 2018, asylum\nintention is introduced as a binding step in the asylum application procedure ( _Graph 5_ ).\nMontenegro has been part of the Western Balkans mixed movement route since late 2011, with\nthe primary entry point from Albania and the main exit point towards Bosnia and Herzegovina\n(BH). However, since the beginning of March, a new entry point was open in the north of\nMontenegro, with migrants/refugees arriving to Montenegro from either Kosovo [1] or Serbia.\n\n\n_1_ References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).\u201d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "over 70% being from Egypt and Afghanistan. Contrary to the trend of decrease of asylum\nintentions in 2023 and 2024, there is a trend of increase of people granted international protection\nin Montenegro in the last three years (9 in 2022, 14 in 2023 and 24 in the 2024).\n\nDuring 2024, Syrians become the leading nationality among those expressing intention to seek\nasylum, followed by Afghans, who used to be the leading nationality in 2022/23. Among those\nwho lodged formal asylum claims, the largest group continued to be from Russia. Russian\nnationals are also predominant among persons granted international protection currently residing\nin Montenegro.\n\n## Key trends and figures\n\n\n## **2,970**\n\npeople initiated asylum\n\nprocedure in 2024\n\n## **30%**\n\nof asylum seekers in 2024\n\nare women and girls\n\n\n## **24**\n\npeople were granted\ninternational protection in\n\n2024\n## **73%**\n\nof people who initiated\nasylum procedure in 2024\n\ncame from 6 countries\n\n\n\n\n## **19%**\n\nof asylum seekers in 2024\n\nare children\n\n## **24%**\n\nwas the recognition rate in\n\n2024, at the first instance\n\nlevel\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Graph 1: Top 5 countries of origin of asylum seekers in 2024_\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Graph 2: Age breakdown of asylum seekers in Montenegro since 2020_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Graph 3: Gender breakdown of asylum seekers in Montenegro since 2020_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Graph 4: Persons granted international protection since the establishment of the asylum system_\n_in Montenegro_\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Graph 5: Asylum applications in Montenegro since the establishment of the asylum system_\n## PROTECTION RISKS\n\n#### Protection Risk I\n\n\n**Access to territory:** Although Montenegro has historically welcomed refugees and maintained\nan open door policy, several challenges persist regarding asylum procedures and entry, including:\na significant number of reported pushback incidents, the lack of permanent interpretation\nservices, inadequate spatial and technical capacities at border crossings, a lack of well-developed\nrecords for digital registration of asylum applications, timely identification and referral of\nindividuals in need of international protection, especially vulnerable persons and unaccompanied\nasylum-seeking children. Furthermore, there are inconsistencies in the registration of asylum\nintentions across various municipalities, highlighting the necessity to eliminate asylum intention\nas a mandatory step for initiating the asylum procedure.\n\n#### Protection Risk II\n\n\n**Reception/Accommodation:** Despite some improvements in the recent past, overall reception\ncapacities in the two state asylum centers in Spuz and Bozaj remain limited, with significant\ndisparities in reception standards between the two centers. The reception system remains heavily\ndependent on _ad hoc_ assistance from international organizations, including UNHCR (e.g.\npsychosocial support, core-relief items (CRIs), medical assistance, facility refurbishments and so\non). The reception center in Bozaj was unavailable to asylum seekers throughout the summer\n2024 due to the issue with the to the problem with the water supply. Therefore, all asylum seekers\nhave been accommodated in the reception center in Spuz.\n\nIn addition to spatial challenges, there are gaps in procedures (lack of SOPs) that are crucial for\nmanagement and provision of critical services at the reception centers. These include, but are not\nlimited to SOPs for age assessment, procedures for managing communicable diseases, and a\nconfidential complaint mechanism in the reception centers. The adoption and implementation of\nthese SOPs is essential for improving the overall effectiveness and quality of reception services.\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugee Status Determination (RSD):** The increase in the number of interviews conducted and\ndecisions issued in 2023 compared to 2022 was indicative of important improvements in the RSD\nprocedures. In 2023, the number of RSD interviews increased by 80% (113 interviews in 2023 in\ncomparison with 63 in 2022), which further resulted in the 56% increase in positive decisions.\nAgainst the backdrop of improvements in 2023 concerning RSD procedure conducted by the MoI\nDirectorate for Asylum (DfA), caseload in 2024 has been somewhat on a smaller scale. DfA has\nconducted 82 RSD hearings by the end of December, which represents a 27% decrease when\ncompared to same period in 2023 (113 RSD hearings). Number of otherwise closed cases has\nbeen on the same level, while number of rejected cases has decreased by 23% - 73 negative\ndecisions in 2024 compared to 82 in 2023. In that context, DfA has adopted 24 decision granting\nrefugee status which represents a 35% increase for the comparative period. However, there\nremains a need for ongoing improvements, particularly in the quality of interviews and decisions\nat the first instance level. Key areas requiring improvement include credibility assessment and\nthe structured use of country-of-origin information.\n\nThere are also concerns regarding the assessment of asylum applicants deemed a national\nsecurity threat. Asylum seekers facing such assessments are often informed of their rejection\nwithout being given specific reasons, which denies them the opportunity to defend such\nallegations.\n\nFurthermore, the exclusion of administrative procedures from the state-funded free legal aid\nscheme makes the system heavily reliant on UNHCR\u2019s free legal aid program, posing challenges\nto the sustainability and effectiveness of legal assistance within the asylum process.\n\n#### Protection Risk IV\n\n\n**Access to socio-economic rights:** The access to rights for asylum seekers continues to be a\nprotection concern, primarily due to a language barrier and challenges faced by the line\ninstitutions in issuing identity documents and allocating Personal Identification Numbers (PIN),\nwhich are precondition for effective access to rights. Additionally, access to healthcare for asylum\nseekers is not strictly regulated and relies on support from UNHCR partners for facilitation. The\nimprovement was noted with the recent introduction of legal changes stipulating that access to\nhealth care will be prescribed by a separate by-law. The by-law is still to be adopted.\n\n#### Protection Risk V\n\n\n**Integration:** The lack of anticipated legal amendments in 2023/2024 posed a key challenge to\nestablishing comprehensive integration prospects, rendering state authorities heavily reliant on\n_ad hoc_ solutions rather than systematic approaches for socio-economic integration.\n\n\nThe language barrier and undeveloped administrative procedures, particularly in prior learning\nassessments, impede the integration prospects of individuals seeking international and temporary\nprotection. Additionally, the slow recognition of foreign educational certificates and diplomas\nfurther restricts refugees from utilizing their skills and capacities to their fullest potential. Despite\nsome progress, more work is still needed to enhance refugees\u2019 access to a comprehensive range\nof financial services, including those offered by micro-credit institutions.\n## CALL(S) TO ACTION\n\n\nUNHCR recognizes and commends the significant strides made by the Government of\nMontenegro in providing safety to individuals in need of international protection. Montenegro\u2019s\ntraditional open-door approach and ongoing initiatives to strengthen asylum procedures, serve as\na positive model for addressing protection-related issues in the area of asylum.\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "protection of asylum seekers and refugees.\n\nUNHCR, therefore, suggests the Government of Montenegro to:\n\n - Increase funding for the Border Police of Montenegro and implement regular capacity building\nactivities to enhance their knowledge and skills in early identification of individuals in need of\ninternational protection, particularly vulnerable persons including unaccompanied and\nseparated children.\n\n - Establish a comprehensive digital registration system for asylum applications in order to\nstreamline referrals and internal case management.\n\n - Allow for the possibility of direct submission of asylum applications by persons wishing to\napply for asylum and remove impediments in registering intention to seek asylum particularly\nat the border crossing points.\n\n - Expand accommodation capacities at reception centers in Spuz and Bozaj and improve the\nreception standards there, including the development of centers in Spuz and Bozaj and\nimprove the reception standards there, including the development of necessary SOPs for\nwork with people accommodated in these two centers necessary SOPs for work with people\naccommodated in these two centers.\n\n - Conduct regular capacity-building activities for first and second-instance asylum adjudication\nbodies, focusing on credibility assessment and the structured use of country-of-origin\ninformation.\n\n - Enable the asylum applicant and the Administrative Court of Montenegro to access the\ninformation on which asylum applications are rejected on national security grounds, allowing\nthem to verify whether the applicant\u2019s conduct genuinely constitutes a threat to national\nsecurity and whether due safeguards are applied in processing the asylum claims.\n\n - Ensure that the legal framework enables refugees to access full scope of socio-economic\nrights outlined in the Refugee Convention and international standards.\n\n - Establish and implement administrative practices in the domain of socio-economic integration\nthat move away from a case-by-case approach towards uniform access to rights.\n\n - Foster an inclusive environment where refugees can leverage their diverse language, social,\neducational, and experiential backgrounds to their fullest potential without hindrance.\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Within its mandate and through close cooperation with line authorities, UNHCR Montenegro provides support\nto forcibly displaced and stateless persons in Montenegro.\n\nUNHCR Montenegro supports the Government to strengthen its asylum system. The focus of UNHCR's\nintervention in Montenegro is on improving access to the territory and asylum procedures, providing free\nlegal aid, ensuring access to socio-economic rights and psycho-social support for those in need, and\nfacilitating the integration of individuals granted international protection.\n\nFor more information about UNHCR's work in Montenegro please contact/visit: UNHCR Montenegro Country\n[Page, or follow us on Facebook, Instagram or X.](https://www.facebook.com/unhcr.montenegro/)\n\nFor more information about UNHCR's support to asylum seekers and refugees in Montenegro, please visit\nour HELP page or contact:\n\n**Slobodan Rascanin**\nAssistant Protection Officer\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\nE-mail: rascanin@unhcr.org/Mobile: +382 69 318 442\nHilton Business Center, Slobode 2,\n81000 Podgorica, Montenegro\n\n**Mensur Bajramspahi\u0107**\nAsst External Relations Officer\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\nE-mail: bajramsp@unhcr.org/Mobile: +382 69 303 635\nHilton Business Center, Slobode 2,\n81000 Podgorica, Montenegro\n\n\nUNHCR Representation in Montenegro\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/edf1bc33-af6a-4149-a1db-c1b347b0e59f/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Refugees%20and%20Asylum%20Seekers%20in%20Montenegro%20%281%20January%202025%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_548/raw/doc_548_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_548/raw/doc_548_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2f1f1ad065e517537c7fcee8caac62d08f2c9ff4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_548/raw/doc_548_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,218 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The security situation in Sudan continues to deteriorate, with increased armed\nconfrontation, including in urban centres such as Khartoum, Geneina, Zalingei, Nyala, El\nFasher and rising criminality reported in various locations following the general breakdown\nof law and order [1] . The overall situation continues to severely impact the lives of civilians,\nwho remain exposed to repeated violations in the conduct of hostilities by all parties to the\nconflict. The disregard for basic principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) has led\nto estimated casualties of more than 3,000 civilians, including several refugees and IDPs\nin attacks in Khartoum and North Darfur [2] . Safe passage to secure areas within and outside\nthe country remains highly problematic, with first hand credible reports of hundreds of\ncivilians, including refugees, being denied safe exit from urban and semi-urban areas of\nKhartoum by armed groups and prevented from crossing the borders to seek international\nprotection.\n\n\nThe security situation in Sudan and the consequent collapse of State institutions has\nresulted in the lack of basic services, food, medical supplies, fuel, communications and\ncash. Negotiated humanitarian ceasefires or self-declared truces, have been repeatedly\nviolated by the parties as the fighting rages on. When a lull in fighting enables civilians to\naccess markets, little primary commodities are available due to widespread looting of\ncivilian and public places. This also affected humanitarian premises and warehouses and\nimpeded the delivery of much needed assistance to the displaced population. Illegal\noccupation of and attacks on public institutions, notably health and education facilities,\ngovernmental offices, banks, and other structures essential for the survival of the\npopulation continue to be reported, depriving all civilian population of access to the most\nessential and life-saving services. Escalation of conflict in Khartoum and in the Darfur\nregion, including inter-communal clashes, as well as the re-ignition of other conflict\ndynamics between the Sudanese Armed Forces and other non-State armed groups in the\nKordofan region have triggered additional massive internal displacement of civilians. As of\n11 July 2023, over 2.4 million individuals have been displaced within Sudan [3] including an\nestimated 187,000 displaced refugees. Such figures are largely estimations, as a\nsignificant number are in areas not safely accessible to humanitarian actors.\n\n\n_Internal movement of refugees in Sudan as of 16 July 2023_\n\n\n_1 Sudan Situation - UNHCR External Update #13 \u2013 8 June 2023, available at_\n\n_[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101297](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101297)_\n_[2 See UNHCR Press Release - 4 July 2023 - After 28 refugee deaths in Khartoum, UNHCR urges Sudan\u2019s warring parties to](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/after-28-refugee-deaths-khartoum-unhcr-urges-sudan-s-warring-parties-allow-safe)_\n\n_[allow safe passage for civilians](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/after-28-refugee-deaths-khartoum-unhcr-urges-sudan-s-warring-parties-allow-safe)_\n_3_ IOM-Sudan. _[Regional Sudan Response Situation Update11 July 2023, available at: https://dtm.iom.int/reports/sudan-situation-](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/sudan-situation-report-12)_\n\n_report-12_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Refugees and asylum seekers fleeing fighting in Khartoum and other conflict areas continue to arrive in White Nile State in search of safety and security.**_\n_**Photo: UNHCR/Ibrahim Mohamed**_\n\n\nIn Darfur, the confrontation between the Sudanese Army and the RSF has unleashed a\nmarkedly ethnic or intercommunal dimension igniting tribal rivalries. This situation affected\nparticularly El Geneina with reports of widespread ethnically motivated killings and\ndeliberate attacks on civilians and civilian objects, as well as other severe human rights\nviolations. Also in West Darfur, mass killings have been reported in Misterei during attacks\nthat led to the complete destruction of the town. Given the lack of information from West\nDarfur due to the absence of reliable means of communication and the lack of access for\nhumanitarian partners, the reported incidents of human rights violations from West Darfur,\ngathered through the accounts of refugees in neighbouring Chad, likely represent a fraction\nof the overall devastating effects of the conflict. In addition, the past months have seen a\nsignificant escalation of violence in North Darfur, which, amongst others, has resulted in\nthe complete destruction of the Kassab IDP camp in Kutum, with a significant number of\nfatalities, injuries, several reported cases of sexual violence and the displacement of\n22,000 people. Clashes in Tawila town, resulted in the displacement of large numbers of\nIDPs to El Fasher. In South Darfur, areas in and around Nyala saw fierce clashes, the\ndestruction of government and humanitarian facilities and severe challenges in reaching\nthe population with humanitarian assistance. 15 people were reportedly killed by\nunexploded ordnance (UXO) in Otash IDP camp. In Zalingei, Central Darfur, aerial attacks\nas well as tactics adopted by parties to the conflict have left the city under military siege.\nThis, coupled with the suspension of telecommunications has severely hampered\nhumanitarian access. This situation is the same in other cities and locations (Geneina,\nGarsila, Habila, Foro Baranga and Masterei), where freedom of movement for the civilian\npopulation has been severely curtailed, with populations unable to meet their basic needs.\nAs a result, almost 180,000 Sudanese, mainly from Darfur, have sought asylum in Chad,\nenduring perilous journeys and reportedly at times denied safe passage by parties to the\nconflict.\n\n\nThe severe escalation of the conflict has led to significant destruction of UNHCR property.\nDuring the month of June, both UNHCR offices in Khartoum were destroyed, the UNHCR\nwarehouse in Al Obeid was looted, and other UNHCR warehouses remain inaccessible or\nhave recently been looted such as in South Darfur. In locations accessible to humanitarian\nworkers, UNHCR and partners continue to scale up humanitarian delivery despite capacity\nlimitations. UNHCR has established a small operational presence in Wadi Halfa while\nscaling up its footprint in Wad Madani, Kosti, Gedaref, Kassala and Port Sudan. Further in\nNorth Darfur, in collaboration with the sectors, UNHCR has been able to continue delivering\nNFIs to IDP sites in El Fasher as well as conduct protection monitoring of new arrivals from\nKutum and Tawilla.\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The conflict in Sudan continues to steadily trigger waves of population outflows to\nneighbouring countries. At the beginning of July, based on registration and government\nstatistics, almost 490,000 newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers were recorded in\nneighbouring Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia and South Sudan, and almost 142,000 South\nSudanese were recorded as returnees in their country of origin.\n\n\n_[Source: UNHCR Sudan Situation, Operational Data Portal https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n\n\nWithin Sudan, the internal movement of refugees fleeing insecurity and active conflict\ncontinued unabated, particularly from Khartoum, which traditionally hosted the highest\nnumbers of refugees, mainly from Eritrea and Ethiopia [4] . UNHCR estimates that more than\n187,000 refugees may have left their areas of residence to seek safety in other regions of\nSudan unaffected by the conflict. UNHCR continues to work with concerned authorities,\nincluding the Commissioner for Refugees (COR) to identify their locations to provide the\nneeded support. The tracking and registration so far conducted highlighted how White Nile\nState has been one of the main areas of initial destination, followed by other States of East\nSudan, notably Gedaref and Kassala, where refugees continue to seek shelter in the\nexisting sites, as well as the Red Sea State.\n\n\n_Source: UNHCR Internal movement of refugees in Sudan as of 16 July 2023_\n\n\n_4 See Sudan Protection Brief, June 2023 and UNHCR Sudan- Overview of refugees and asylum seekers distribution and_\n\n_movement in Sudan Dashboard as of 16 July 2023_\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration and government\nstatistics", - "confidence": 0.8435059785842896, - "start": 24, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5055665373802185, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6007989048957825, - "start": 33, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "tracking and registration", - "confidence": 0.5677896738052368, - "start": 175, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8824923038482666, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.500401496887207, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.52083820104599, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Khartoum, require refugee registration. In the Kordofan region, COR is registering refugees\nnewly displaced from Khartoum into North and South Kordofan states, with challenges in\nWest Kordofan due to the security situation and lack of fuel. In East Darfur, the arrivals of\nmore than 1,000 South Sudanese, predominantly from Khartoum, has been reported with\nsmaller numbers of new arrivals to Al Lait settlements in North Darfur.\n\nThe rainy season has started to affect registration operations in several locations. During\nthe second half of June, access to hosting sites in the west part of White Nile State has\nbeen hindered by weather conditions, while in Gedaref notably in Um Rakuba, strong\nstorms have damaged the registration centre and some equipment, affecting the planned\nregistration activities. It is anticipated that disruptions to registration activities will persist\nand access will remain constrained for the period of the rainy season which is expected to\nlast a few more weeks.\n\n\nOn the internal displacement front, the number of IDPs continues to surge, including\nsecondary or tertiary movements. Current interagency estimates for internal displacement\nare higher than the recorded IDP movements of the last four years combined. It is estimated\nthat over 2.4 million people have been displaced within Sudan since the onset of the current\nconflict, mainly from the most severely hit States of Khartoum and Darfur. The fleeing\npopulation is currently recorded predominately in River Nile (16.57%), Northern (14.71%),\nWhite Nile (10.82%), and Sennar (8.66%) states. [5] The conflict in the Darfur Region has led\nto massive displacement within the region, and particularly in West Darfur, where the\nmajority of the population remain at heightened risk of violence. Given the significant\nescalation of localised violence in certain locations, the Kordofan Region has also become\nboth a hosting area particularly for IDPs who fled Khartoum, and an area of origin of newly\ndisplaced population.\n### Protection Risks\n\n##### Safety and security\n\n\n**Civilians caught up in conflict.** Despite high level advocacy and several attempts to call\nparties to the conflict to respect the basic rules of international humanitarian law, the\nneglect towards imperative principles on the protection of the civilian population remains a\nconstant feature of the situation in Sudan. Coupled with a security vacuum also conducive\nto increased criminality, the situation in Sudan continue to claim lives and to take a toll on\nthe security and safety of the population. According to the Federal Ministry of Health by\nmid-June, more than 3,000 fatalities and at least 6,000 injuries were recorded because of\nthe conflict [6] . Actual figures are undoubtedly higher, with unverified reports of deaths in El\nGeneina alone exceeding that figure.\n\n\nThe past weeks have witnessed serious incidents affecting civilians across the country,\nlargely stemming from the confrontation between the SAF and the RSF, but also linked to\nthe inter-communal conflict affecting particularly West Darfur. Over 100 IDPs lost their lives\nin the clashes in and around IDP sites in Kutum, North Darfur, where tribal dynamics\naugmented the level of violence, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence.\nReportedly, attempts to evacuate injured civilians to nearby health facilities were thwarted\nby hostile acts and carjacking of vehicles and ambulances [7] .\n\n\n_[5 Displacement Tracking Matrix, Sudan Situation Report 11, July 2023 https://dtm.iom.int/reports/sudan-situation-report-12](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/sudan-situation-report-12)_\n_6 UNHCR-led Protection Sector Sudan, At a Glance: protection impacts of the Conflict, Update no. 8, 2 July 2023. Available on_\n\n_request._\n_7_ _UNHCR-led Protection Sector Sudan, Darfur Protection of Civilians Flash Update North Darfur: Attacks on Kutum town and_\n_Kassab IDP camp, 8 June 2023. Available on request._\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since the onset of the conflict, the urban area of Khartoum continued to see the highest\nlevels of violence and grave breaches of international humanitarian. On 25 June, 28\nrefugees hosted by Sudan were killed, and additional refugees injured, in the outskirt of\nKhartoum, when the area in which they lived was suddenly engulfed by the fighting [9] .\n\n##### Child Protection and Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**Gender-based Violence, including conflict-related sexual violence.** Reported incidents\nof conflict-related sexual violence continues to rise alongside the escalation of the conflict,\nin an atmosphere of total impunity. On 10 June, the Sudanese Unit for Combating Violence\nAgainst Women and Children (CVAW) reported that since the outbreak of the conflict,\nseveral documented cases of sexual assault in Khartoum and in Darfur were recorded, with\nmost survivors being between the ages of 12 and 17 years [10] . They warned how foreign\nwomen and girls, notably Ethiopian and Eritrean refugees or migrant women and girls, were\nconsidered at heightened risk in Khartoum-North and Omdurman. In the Kordofan region,\nat least 12 incidents of GBV against refugees and IDPs were reported by community\nleaders in one day, all allegedly perpetrated by the warring parties against women and girls\nbetween the ages of 15 and 60, including one pregnant refugee woman. Multiple reports\nof conflict-related sexual violence perpetrated by parties to the conflict but also as a result\nof the escalating inter-communal violence coupled with the collapse of law and order are\nemerging in the Darfur region, including from refugee women and girls who have crossed\ninto Chad and Egypt.\n\n\n_8 UNHCR-led Protection Sector Sudan, Darfur Protection of Civilians Flash Update - North Darfur: Attacks on Tawila town, 19_\n\n_June 2023. Available on request._\n_[9 UNHCR Press Release - 4 July 2023 - After 28 refugee deaths in Khartoum, UNHCR urges Sudan\u2019s warring parties to allow](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/after-28-refugee-deaths-khartoum-unhcr-urges-sudan-s-warring-parties-allow-safe)_\n\n_[safe passage for civilians](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/after-28-refugee-deaths-khartoum-unhcr-urges-sudan-s-warring-parties-allow-safe)_\n_10 Sudan: top UN officials sound alarm at spike in violence against women and girls, 5 July 2023_\n\n_https://www.who.int/news/item/05-07-2023-sudan-top-un-officials-sound-alarm-at-spike-in-violence-against-women-and-girls_\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "neighbouring countries disclose episodes of violence and cite the risk of conflict-related\nsexual violence as one of the main reasons for flight. Accounts of combatants looting\ncivilians\u2019 homes and deliberately targeting women and girls, as well as cases of harassment\nat checkpoints, and of sexual violence and exploitation during their journeys to\nneighbouring countries are emerging in Chad, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Egypt.\n\nWithin Sudan, the rising number of survivors have limited possibilities to approach service\nproviders and report incidents, given the lack of public health services, closure of many\nfacilities and the unavailability of specialised staff and health personnel, from both the\ngovernment and the humanitarian community sides. Consequently, there is considerable\ndelay in providing medical services to survivors, including clinical management of rape and\nadministration of PEP kits, with detrimental effects on possible HIV transmission and on\nthe rate of unwanted pregnancies.\n\nWhile several UN agencies and other humanitarian actors strive to maintain or re-establish\nservices, including through courageous local organisations that remain active in conflictaffected areas, critical gaps remain in human resources for much needed psychosocial\nsupport interventions, availability of safe and confidential spaces for women and girls as\nwell as medical supplies. Amidst this overall stretched capacity, service providers remain\noperational in Blue Nile, White Nile, Kassala, Gedaref, Port Sudan and Wad Madani.\n\n**Impact of violence on children.** While child protection issues predated the current crisis,\nthe situation of children caught up in the ongoing conflict is now considered alarming.\nChildren have been caught up in the fighting, killed and injured in aerial attacks in Darfur\nand Khartoum. They are put at risk due to the widespread presence of unexploded\nordnances and other remnants of war in urban areas and near IDP sites. Children who\nsurvived attacks, such as the one against the IDP site in Kutum in North Darfur, and\nmanaged to reach safety, suffer from the psychological consequence of having witnessed\ndeadly violence, and their needs often remain unattended due to lack of functional services\nand social protection structures.\n\nChildren and youth have reportedly been abducted and forcibly recruited into armed forces\nand groups. Unverified but credible reports of abduction of children from hosting sites have\nemerged from West Darfur, as well as from the Kordofan region, from where UNHCR\nreceived information that at least 25 refugee youth of unverified age were kidnapped by a\nwarring party in early June 2023.\n\nInvoluntary family separation due to the killing of family members, or because of the flight,\nremains a widespread child protection risk. In pre-conflict times, protection partners\nestimated that 3 to 5 % of IDP children in Sudan were unaccompanied and this figure is\nnow believed to have exponentially increased. Opportunities for alternative care\narrangements are precarious, given the disintegration of social and community-based\nsafety nets. Children in institutional care, generally not a solution in the best interests of\nthe child, are even more at risk due to the conditions of these social institutions, mostly left\nunattended, with power outages, and with lack of resources and personnel.\n\nThe humanitarian needs of children in all locations continue to grow, due to the collapse of\nsocial services and the halting of humanitarian assistance. In the Darfur region, the death\nof children in camps due to food insecurity and malnutrition is frequently reported by local\norganizations. A surge in the number of measles cases was also reported in the East and\nNorth Darfur regions, with ten deaths reported so far and with families resorting to\ntraditional medicine in the absence of access to functioning hospitals.\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "attendance and access have been completely disrupted, also due to the reported\ndestruction and occupation of several education facilities. Course of studies have been\ninterrupted, with children deprived of the possibility to attend final exams in many areas of\nSudan.\n\n##### Access to safety\n\n\n**Situation at the borders.** Increased access restrictions to some neighbouring countries\nrisk to further aggravate the humanitarian situation and needs within the country. At the\nborder with Egypt continuous flows of displaced Sudanese continue to arrive with the hope\nof being authorised to cross into Egypt after obtaining the necessary visa documentation.\nGiven the length of the process, the situation of the stranded population in Wadi Halfa is\nincreasingly concerning due to the absence of accommodation, facilities, medical services\nand other adequate humanitarian services. Considering the visa restrictions imposed by\nneighbouring countries, it is anticipated that more individuals will make their way to Wadi\nHalfa and Port Sudan to access available consular services with the risk of remaining\nstranded until they are granted entry visas and arrange onward transportation via land or\nair. Very little information is available on the route to Libya due to the escalation of conflict\nin North Darfur and the remoteness of the border areas.\n\n\nIn West Darfur, where conflict has been particularly intense, there have also been\nconfirmed reports provided by refugees in Chad that civilians were prevented from leaving\nEl Geneina for their safety and security to safe locations, including across the border into\nChad. Several reports of looting, assaults, harassment, and other violations against\ncivilians seeking to flee the violence in El Geneina, West Darfur, into Chad have also been\nreceived. These incidents underscore the immense challenges faced by civilians seeking\nsafety and security away from conflict zones.\n\n\n_**The situation in the gathering sites in Wadi Halfa is becoming increasingly dire due to the lack of humanitarian activities. The continuous arrival of**_\n_**individuals hoping to cross into Egypt is exerting immense pressure on local resources. Photo: UNHCR/Rached Cherif**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Response\n\n**Scale-up of registration and verification activities.** UNHCR and COR continued the\nverification of refugees that have self-relocated from Khartoum and other states to East\nSudan and White Nile State. So far, over 38% of new arrivals have been recorded, while\nregistration activities have resumed in Kassala state after a period of suspension. UNHCR\nteams on the ground continue their efforts in supporting authorities on population fixing,\nverification, and registration, including to ensure proper identification and unhindered\naccess to services.\n\n\n**Support to new arrivals from Khartoum.** UNHCR has increased its operational presence\nand protection activities in Wad Madani as a first point of contact for refugees fleeing\nKhartoum. The operational presence in Wad Madani will continue to grow and serve as a\nhub to support those fleeing ongoing conflict in Khartoum. In White Nile State, UNHCR is\ncoordinating with WFP the food assistance for all refugees arriving from Khartoum,\nestimated to be around 144,000.\n\n\n**Support in border areas.** Through frequent missions, UNHCR is increasing its field\npresence in Wadi Halfa, actively engaging communities stranded in this border area while\nwaiting to process their documentation for entry into Egypt with the consular authorities.\nProtection monitoring and awareness activities are being carried out on relevant issues\nsuch as risks of GBV and trafficking in persons. The team distributed NFI kits to 410\nhouseholds at ten spontaneous gathering sites and further distributions are ongoing,\ntargeting the most vulnerable households and individuals. Interventions for persons with\nspecific needs in those sites also include the provision of mattresses, repair and installation\nof fans, as well as lighting.\n\n\n**Protection monitoring.** Where security and mobility permit UNHCR continues to monitor\nthe situation of persons of concern through direct visits. UNHCR also strives to access\nhard-to-reach areas remotely, connectivity allowing. UNHCR has also monitored the\nmovement of refugees and IDPs within Darfur and Kordofan region through phone calls or\ninteractions with peers who fled to the same areas. In East Sudan, protection monitoring\nwas conducted on the ground in Babikri, Shagarab and Wad Sharifay camps. It includes\nthe provision of information on available services and means to access them to new arrivals\nas well as older refugees. Remote protection monitoring is ongoing in the Darfur region but\nhampered by connectivity challenges. Physical protection monitoring is done where\npossible, such as in El Fasher, North Darfur and sporadically in South Darfur. In East\nDarfur, together with refugee communities and COR, the protection situation for refugees\nis also being monitored.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "seeker children at risk. In Gedaref, identification of children at risk continues through a\nvariety of means including house to house protection monitoring, community-based\nprotection networks, community volunteers, protection desks, referrals from partners\nincluding Government and at the point of registration. Case management is done in line\nwith the Best Interests Procedure through BID panels and case management taskforces,\nwhose members have undergone training either by UNHCR or partners. Children in need\nof mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) are supported through Child Friendly\nSpaces and Child Rights Clubs, in collaboration with the Education Working Group which\nprovides recreational activities. Procedures are in place for onward referral for more\nspecialist medical care where required. On IDPs, UNHCR engages with partners through\nrelevant coordination bodies, at national and state levels, mainly through State level\nCouncils for Child Welfare (with SCCW, Child Protection partners, UNICEF and other\nstakeholders) and with the Education cluster and Child Protection AOR led by UNICEF at\nnational level. These structures continue highlighting the dire situation of children and\nadvocate for additional support, including through targeted funding in the field of child\nprotection and education, as well as in health and MHPSS. In Eastern Sudan, the Telling\nthe Real Story project continues to work with adolescent boys and girls, sensitizing them\non the risks of irregular onward movement and their vulnerability to trafficking.\n\n\n**Gender-based violence.** In Eastern Sudan, services to support GBV survivors are\nongoing. In Gedaref, 100% of survivors who approached service providers have received\ncounselling and services in accordance with case management procedures. In the\nKordofan region, El Obeid, UNHCR is working with community leaders to find alternative\nlocations for women who have experienced conflict-related sexual violence, along with their\nfamilies. Due to lack of access, UNHCR is not able to relocate refugees to safer areas out\nof Khartoum, the Darfur or the Kordofan region but the Office continues to establish\nlinkages between survivors and Community-Based Protection Networks to help them reach\nthe support needed.\n\n\n**Two-way Communication with Communities and feedback mechanisms.** Hotlines\nremain functional but dependent on the network connectivity. 1,072 calls were attended\nduring the reporting period through active hotlines dedicated to Khartoum, the Darfur\nRegion, the Kordofan Region, East Sudan and the Southern Corridor. Orientation training\nfor hotline operators was held to further strengthen capacities to respond and make\neffective referrals. Nevertheless, providing information on access to services in areas of\n[conflict remains a major challenge. Apart from the hotlines, UNHCR\u2019s Help Page for Sudan](https://help.unhcr.org/sudan/)\ncontinues to be updated on a regular basis, and the [Telegram channel provides helpful](https://t.me/UNHCRSudaninformationchannel)\ninformation in English and Arabic. UNHCR is working to improve the complaints feedback\nmechanism across all offices and is engaged with the inter-agency AAP working group in\nthe planned conduct of community consultations to further improve the response across\nthe country. Measures will be put in place to enable remote consultations exercise (by\nphone) in areas where there is no physical presence.\n\n\n**Durable solutions.** UNHCR Sudan continues to capitalize on outreach efforts to identify\nrefugees who may have been already identified and considered for resettlement and\ncomplementary pathways options, some who may have been already in an advanced stage\nof the procedures, including scheduled for imminent departure. Prior to the conflict, 3,250\nindividuals had been submitted to various resettlement countries for consideration, and 849\nindividuals were under various stages of resettlement processing. Cooperation with\nUNHCR neighbouring offices to track those refugees who were in the resettlement process\nand have crossed the border continue, to ensure that pathways towards solutions are not\ninterrupted. In parallel, the office in Sudan has used the information collected to advocate\nfor continued acceptance of cases from Sudan and is closely coordinating with relevant\npartners the way forward, including on exit procedures the situation permitting.\n\n\n**Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA).** UNHCR Sudan continues to\nwork with partners and government counterparts in areas where operations are ongoing,\nto ensure that the IASC\u2019s Six Core Principles Related to SEA and the Secretary-General\u2019s\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "staff. UNHCR continues to disseminate information and to sensitize persons of concern,\npartners and government staff on PSEA, referral pathways and reporting mechanisms.\nUNHCR is also an active member of the PSEA network.\n\n\n**Coordination and advocacy.** In response to the significant conflict-driven internal\ndisplacement that has occurred, UNHCR has begun scaling up protection coordination in\nareas where new IDP responses are now underway. UNHCR and partners are also taking\npragmatic approaches to address the mixed nature of displacement flows, i.e. refugees\nand IDPs. Protection Sector coordination platforms have been established in White Nile,\nKassala, Gedaref, Madani, and Wadi Halfa. Additionally, in areas where protection sector\ncoordination platforms were already present, outreach to protection partners planning to\ninitiate responses in new areas affected by conflict and displacement is underway. In\naddition, since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 April, UNHCR-led Protection Sector has\nissued nine flash updates titled \u2018At a Glance: Protection Impacts of the Conflict\u2019. These\nweekly updates, primarily based on desk review of secondary data, highlight the severity\nof the protection impacts experienced by the civilian population as a result of the conflict.\nThe specific protection concerns around the intensity of the violence and its intercommunal\ndimension in Darfur were underscored in dedicated Darfur Protection of Civilians Advocacy\nNotes. These have included two regional-level advocacy notes and one focused\nspecifically on West Darfur. Flash updates were also issued in relation to the attacks on\nKutum and Tawila in North Darfur. Finally, key advocacy messages related to urgent\nprotection of civilians\u2019 priorities were drafted in preparation for the high-level pledging event\nto support the humanitarian response in Sudan on 15 June, in collaboration with the Global\nProtection Cluster.\n\n### Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\n**Security and other constraints for humanitarian operations.** The security situation\ncontinues to deteriorate putting the civilian population more at risk. Aerial attacks and\nbombardments have increased, affecting infrastructures, services, health facilities\nnecessary for the implementation of humanitarian activities, notably offices, warehouses,\naccommodations of humanitarian staff. As a result, despite the determination to deliver\nassistance where needs are most acute, more humanitarian services continue to be\nsuspended, especially in Darfur and Kordofan regions, aggravating further risks of\ndeprivation and death. Communication blackouts continue to hamper operations in the\nDarfur region, with several locations completely cut-off for more than a month.\n\n\n**Returns under adverse circumstances.** In their quest for safety, and with increased\nborder restrictions, many refugees see no other options but to flee the ongoing conflict in\nSudan and are eventually opting to return to their country of origin under adverse\nconditions. While many of those individuals continue to fear return, they see no other\noptions but to flee the ongoing conflict in Sudan.\n\n\n**Civil documentation. Registration of vital events and delivery of civil documentation**\ncontinue to be suspended in many parts of the country, affecting new-born registration and\naccess to public services where available. Many Sudanese, refugees and asylum seekers\nhave either left documentation behind or lost it during flight.\n\n\n**Safe passage and freedom of movement.** As a result of the current humanitarian\nsituation, refugees have engaged in self-relocation in various parts of the country to escape\nrisks of conflict and seek safety. Regulations in place requires refugees to request a permit\nprior to leaving their place of registration. UNHCR has undertaken strong advocacy with\nauthorities in the East to lift this requirement, considering the current context. UNHCR has\nsuccessfully advocated for the release of 49 refugees from detention in Gedaref after they\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Severe economic constraints.** As the conflict enters its third month, banking systems\nhave yet to resume. Thousands of people who have savings in Sudanese banks continue\nto be unable to access them and rely on in-kind support or on selling personal assets.\nHumanitarian assistance is also challenged, especially with the inability to disburse cash\nassistance due to the unavailability of banking. Liquidity challenges hamper the efficient\ndelivery of most forms of humanitarian assistance, even where partners are fully\noperational.\n\n\n**Rainy season and its effect on humanitarian operations.** The rainy season started in\nmany parts of Sudan, with risks of floods in many areas where refugees and IDPs are\nsettled, and humanitarian operations are ongoing. During the rainy season, roads become\nlargely impassable, preventing access and assistance delivery to refugee camps, notably\nin Eastern Sudan and White Nile State. Flash flooding can also lead to the destruction of\nshelters and other infrastructure. Further, in Darfur, areas where refugees and IDPs live,\nhave become inaccessible due to poor road conditions and seasonal flooding.\n\n\n_**Ongoing flood mitigation work in various camps in White Nile State in anticipation of the rainy season. Photo: ADRA**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c86c72b3-61d0-45ee-836f-a168497de61c/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_549/raw/doc_549_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_549/raw/doc_549_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index daf423609e8d52dc8fd4a2c40c668fb08e9c4cc3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_549/raw/doc_549_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)\nentered their second month with detrimental impacts on civilians and on the humanitarian\nspace. The number of persons with protection and humanitarian needs, already critical\nbefore the crisis with more than a third of the population requiring humanitarian assistance [1],\nhas multiplied in all parts of Sudan either with those directly affected by the conflict or those\nsuffering from the socioeconomic consequences, including scarcity of basic necessities,\nlack of access to basic services, disruption of economies and livelihood, as well as\ndisruption of humanitarian aid. Food and medical supply shortages persist, with protection\nrisks on the rise to compensate. Over 1.5 million people have been displaced within and\noutside Sudan, with over 1.2 million internally displaced mostly in West Darfur, White Nile\nand River Nile. Numbers keep increasing as the conflict continues unabated despite the\ndeclared humanitarian ceasefire [2] . Civilians are fleeing to neighbouring countries and as of\n[29 May, more than 360,000 people have crossed international borders](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation) [3] . Displacement\nfigures continue to rapidly change as the security situation evolves.\n\n\n_Population movement from Sudan as of 29 May 2023_\n\n\n_[1 Humanitarian Response Plan Sudan, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar)_\n\n_[december-2023-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar)_\n_[2 OCHA Sudan. Clashes between SAF and RSF, Flash Update No. 14, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n\n_[clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n_3 Additional information can be found on the Sudan Situation Portal at_ _[https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The conflict between SAF and RSF has also triggered intensified intercommunal conflict in\ncertain parts of the country, particularly in West Darfur. This has caused the displacement\nof at least 250,000 individuals [4] including and devastating effects on the availability of health\nservices, markets, food, water supply and electricity [5] including due to the forced\nsuspension of numerous humanitarian programs addressed to both IDPs and refugees.\n\n\nSerious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law continue to be\nreported, taking a high toll on civilian lives, as well as on civilian infrastructure, public and\nprivate properties. With the breakdown or absence of the law enforcement agencies,\nrampant looting of civilian, public as well as humanitarian premises, including UNHCR\nOffices and warehouses, continue to be reported, particularly in Khartoum and in almost\nall Darfur states.\n\n\nWhile the seven-day humanitarian ceasefire entered into force, the fighting between the\nSAF and the RSF continued. Prospects for an extension of the truce is further compounded\nby mobilisation calls made by the parties, raising alarming implications on the evolving\nhumanitarian situation in the country. Wherever possible, UNHCR and other humanitarian\npartners are trying to access populations at high risks with a view to assess their most\nimmediate needs and deliver protection and assistance particularly through local partners\nand local communities, who are playing a critical forefront role in this emergency response.\n\n\nThe severity of conflict in the capital Khartoum has led to a significant interruption of work\nof several government entities that administer national protection and assistance systems.\nAs such, UNHCR has scaled-up service provision, coordination, and cooperation with\nstate-level authorities, in other areas relatively less affected by the conflict and where\nseveral refugees from Khartoum and other locations have sought safety. In East Sudan\nand White Nile State, the Commissioner for Refugees and the Humanitarian Aid\nCommission have significantly increased service delivery in response to the influx of\npersons fleeing the conflict, in close coordination with UNHCR and under relevant\ncoordination mechanisms. Connectivity has also been challenging, breaking down existing\ncommunication systems between people, including with persons of concern.\n\n\n_[4 IOM Sudan. DTM Sudan Situation Report (6), available at: https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-situation-report-6](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-situation-report-6)_\n_[5 OCHA Sudan. Clashes between SAF and RSF, Flash Update No. 14, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n\n_[clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Prior to the conflict, Sudan was already grappling with protracted displacement. According\nto the Humanitarian Response Plan for 2023, Sudan was home to over 3.7 million IDPs.\nAs the conflict continues, it is expected that the number of newly displaced population will\nlikely increase beyond the 1.2 million already currently reported at interagency level. If the\nsecurity situation allows for mobility, many of them may also attempt to seek refuge into\nneighbouring countries, particularly Chad and Egypt, as consultations with the new arrivals\nin those countries have revealed.\n\n\nA significant number of the 308,000 registered urban asylum seekers and refugees living\nin Khartoum, mostly from Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan and Syria, have been displaced\nas the conflict raged in town. Despite attempts to work with communities and to establish\ncommunication systems via hotlines and other digital tools, is not clear how many of them\nremain confined in the capital.\n\nCurrently, registration activities aim at limiting data loss, protect personal data, and collect\nand verify refugee population data in new refugee gathering sites in the East and the South\nof Sudan, to draw realistic population estimates for protection and assistance delivery. In\nspecific locations in White Nile, 75 percent of verified relocated households are demands\nof new registration.\n\nBased on the data so far collected, it is estimated that over 159,000 refugees and asylum\nseekers may have fled to Port Sudan, White Nile, and East Sudan states (Blue Nile,\nKassala and Gedaref). The majority comes from Khartoum state ~~.~~\n\nWhile remote protection monitoring indicates secondary displacements of refugees from\nKordofan and Darfur States, the lack of access to affected locations affects the possibility\nto detect their numbers and needs.\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Response Plan", - "confidence": 0.7929311394691467, - "start": 16, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6332021355628967, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6719263195991516, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee population data", - "confidence": 0.9022703766822815, - "start": 190, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "White Nile", - "confidence": 0.5138072371482849, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum\nseekers", - "confidence": 0.7840034365653992, - "start": 253, - "end": 257 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "remote protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.575441300868988, - "start": 292, - "end": 295 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5397194623947144, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum\nseekers", - "confidence": 0.7761842608451843, - "start": 253, - "end": 257 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Physical security\n\n**Civilians caught up in conflict.** Civilians have been killed, injured, assaulted, and robbed,\nespecially in areas of intense fighting in Khartoum, Kordofan and Darfur States. On 24 May,\nthe Sudanese Ministry of Health announced that hospitals throughout Sudan recorded 730\ndeaths, and 5500 injuries since the fighting started until May 23, but the actual figures are\nlikely to be much higher. The ongoing conflict has completely disrupted daily life, with\ncivilians sheltering with no access to electricity or running water and with depleting access\nto food and potable water. Civilians are at imminent risk of attack and conflict has escalated\ndespite agreed ceasefires and commitments by the parties to abide by international\nhumanitarian law. Consultations with IDPs who managed to arrive to safer locations in the\nEast as well as newly arrived refugees in Chad and CAR have indicated how persons with\nspecific needs, including GBV survivors, persons with disabilities, and older persons, have\nnot been able to access safe areas for assistance.\n\n\nWhile civilians have often been involuntarily caught in the confrontation between RSF and\nSAF, particularly given the urban character of the conflict, in locations such as West Darfur\nthe physical safety and security of the civilian population has been threatened by the\nunleashing of intercommunal violence based on tribal affiliation. This has included the\ndeliberate destruction of hundreds of homes, IDP sites, marketplaces, water points and\nother civilian infrastructure, aggravating sufferance and triggering multiple displacement.\nConflict has also led to family separation and loss of contact with loved ones, both within\nthe country, and across borders. Many incidents of forced disappearance were also tracked\nin Khartoum state.\n\n\n**Rise in criminality.** The safety and security of the civilian population appears to be\nthreatened by the collapse of law and order and the related widespread rise of criminality.\nPrison breaks and the absence of law enforcement actors have contributed to episodes of\nassaults, robberies, and other violent acts perpetrated against people attempting to reach\nservices as well as against families on the move to reach safe destinations. Consultations\nwith newly arrived returnees in South Sudan and Sudanese refugees in CAR have\nrepeatedly revealed such episodes, resulting in loss of family assets, as well as physical\nharm and emotional distress.\n\n\n**Risks of smuggling and human trafficking.** While smuggling networks were thriving\nbefore conflict erupted in Sudan, particularly in Gedaref and Kassala, the phenomenon\nappears to be on the rise in the aftermath of conflict. UNHCR received information that\nsmugglers and traffickers have adjusted their modus operandi, shifting routes to meet the\ndemand. Smugglers are reportedly charging USD 1,000-2,000 to facilitate irregular\nmovement from the Shagarab camps to Egypt and Ethiopia. UNHCR has also received\nunconfirmed information of several attempted kidnapping from refugee camps in the East,\npurposedly for trafficking to Libya. This may be partially imputed to the lack of alternative\nopportunities to reach the border and the urgency of people to escape security risks, and\ndeprivation, often through risky routes. However, resorting to irregular crossing through\nsmugglers appears increasingly linked to the lack of legal pathways to access territory, for\nundocumented and other categories of individuals, who may not be able to comply with the\nlegal requirements requested for entry by neighbouring countries. It is anticipated that more\nrefugees and other nationals will resort to smugglers should barriers to legal access to\nterritory persist, and if visa requirements in neighbouring countries are not waived or\nreduced.\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "incidents of forced disappearance", - "confidence": 0.6127821803092957, - "start": 302, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Khartoum state", - "confidence": 0.8932453393936157, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Deprivation, lack of services and competition over scarce resources\n\nAs a result of the conflict and the halting of humanitarian assistance as well as national and\nhumanitarian services, the whole population has been unable to meet the most basic\nneeds. This has been particularly challenging for refugees and IDPs living in sites across\nDarfur and highly dependent on humanitarian aid.\n\n\nApart from some locations where WFP has been able to conduct food distribution safely,\nfood distribution has not been carried out for weeks or months, aggravating the already\nsevere food insecurity in certain areas including in Darfur. Nutrition programs targeting\nmalnourished children have been suspended, provoking tragic effects such as the death of\n17 children in a week in an IDP site in South Darfur. The collapse of the banking system\nhas affected all cash programming ongoing, including for refugees and IDPs.\n\n\nMost of the healthcare facilities, particularly in Khartoum and in Darfur, have been directly\naffected in the fighting, looted, or have been non-operational due to lack of staffing. Those\nwho may still be operating lack medical supplies and are not able to provide critical health\nservices, making it impossible for people suffering from war-related injuries as well as\naffected by chronical illness and GBV survivors to be adequately treated. Additionally,\nWHO has reported the death of several children in East Darfur due to the lack of basic\nmedical equipment [6] . The vast mental health and psychosocial support needs of a\npopulation traumatised by the conflict, including survivors of violence, remain largely\nunattended.\n\n\n_[6 OCHA Sudan. Clashes between SAF and RSF, Flash Update No. 14, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n\n_[clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)_\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Deprivation and destitution are compelling families to resort to harmful coping mechanisms,\nincluding selling of assets and properties, but also more pernicious strategies such as child\nlabour, sell and exchange of sex, and other forms of exploitative labour, heightening\nprotection risks that remain unmitigated. Even when the security situation allows families\nto flee to safer areas within the country or to neighbouring countries, their arrival puts an\nunsustainable pressure on assistance and services at destination, in areas where\nhumanitarian needs were already high. UNHCR\u2019s scale up of infrastructures, assistance,\nand protection programs in refugee sites in the East and in the South of Sudan, often\ncannot keep up with the fast rate of arrivals. In recent days, food distributions in the East\nhave not been able to cover all needs of all refugee population since the list of beneficiaries\nwas still pre-dating the eruption of the conflict.\n\n\n**Increased tensions due to lack of resources.** While UNHCR is fully operational in White\nNile, Blue Nile, Kassala and Gedaref States, with banks closed and shortages of fuel and\nother basic commodities, the prices of basic items have skyrocketed, causing tensions\nwithin refugee sites as well as with the host community. This includes tensions, for\nexample, over water in White Nile State, creating a need to increase water pumping hours\nand scale-up water trucking activities. Water has also been used to target vulnerable\nindividuals, with water points in West Darfur being destroyed and reports of snipers\ntargeting people around intact water points.\n\n###### Child Protection and Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**Gender-based Violence, including conflict-related violence.** Reports of GBV,\nparticularly conflict-related sexual violence against women and girls, are increasing at\nalarming trends, including through direct consultations with refugees arriving in receiving\nlocations within Sudan and in neighboring countries. They are reportedly perpetrated by\nparties to the conflict against civilians both in Khartoum and in other areas, as well as when\npeople are on the move. These acts go unpunished in the current breakdown of law and\norder and security vacuum. In addition, partners report increased instances in intimate\npartner violence along with high risk of sexual exploitation and abuse. Women and girls are\nat heightened risk of GBV, including in safer locations and within their homes, because of\nthe acute socio-economic vulnerability, triggering harmful coping mechanisms such as sale\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In conflict areas, almost no response services are available to survivors. Due to the limited\naccess to medical care, psychosocial support, and other specialized protection services,\nincluding cash and dignity kits, that humanitarian partners are unable to deliver in the\nabsence of credible guarantees from the authorities, survivors remain unattended,\nsuffering severe physical and emotional consequences with no care or redress.\n\nOn 24 May, the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual\nViolence in Conflict Pramila Patten, expressed grave concerns about reports of sexual\nviolence against women and girls, including allegations of rape, in the context of the\nhostilities.\n\n\n**Violations against children.** Children, who were already among those most in need\nbefore the crisis (57% of the 15.2 estimated in needs based on the HRP 2023), have had\ntheir situation further exacerbated due to the ongoing conflict. Actors on the ground [8] have\nidentified grave violations affecting children, including killing, maiming, and recruitment into\narmed forces. The disruption of national child-care systems affects particularly those\nchildren who were already unaccompanied or living in institutional care. Even those\nrefugees and IDP children who reached safe locations have seen their well-being severely\naffected by the interruption of education and health services; suffer from the exposure to\nconflict-related distress and trauma; experience neglect and deteriorated family\nenvironment due to severe destitution; and may experience involuntary family separation\nwhile on the move.\n\n\nThe lived experience of the conflict and the flight has had a severe impact on the mental\nhealth and psychological wellbeing of children, with signs of acute emotional distress widely\nreported amongst children as well as caregivers. The interruption of children\u2019s access to\nschool due to the halting of education and the sudden displacement around final exam time\nhas hindered thousands of children from completing their course of study. Attendance rate\nat existing Child-Friendly Spaces has dropped, due to fleeing, as well as due to children\nbeing compelled to engage in various forms of occasional labour to support their family.\n\n\nIn the current disrupted socio-economic situation, the risk of neglect and exploitation of\nchildren is on the rise. Deprived from family attention and care, children are even more at\nrisk of being induced into forced labour, recruited into armed groups and even trafficked,\nespecially in East Sudan. In the East Sudan camps, reception centres and temporary\nshelters are overcrowded and, despite efforts, resources to address the specific needs of\nchildren, especially unaccompanied children, are lacking.\n\n\n_7_ _[Press release by UN Special Representative of the SG on sexual violence](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/un-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-expresses-grave-concern-over-alleged-acts-of-sexual-violence-in-sudan-during-the-ongoing-violence/)_\n\n_8_ _[Fighting in Sudan rapidly worsening an already dire humanitarian situation for children, warn UNICEF, Save the Children and](https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/fighting-sudan-rapidly-worsening-already-dire-humanitarian-situation-children-warn#:~:text=Sudan%20has%20one%20of%20the,currently%20enrolled%20in%20treatment%20programmes.)_\n\n_[World Vision (26 April 2023)](https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/fighting-sudan-rapidly-worsening-already-dire-humanitarian-situation-children-warn#:~:text=Sudan%20has%20one%20of%20the,currently%20enrolled%20in%20treatment%20programmes.)_\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Response\n\n**Follow-up on refugee population movements, verification and referrals.** In\ncooperation with Sudanese authorities and through staff on the ground, UNHCR has\nmapped the new gathering sites where displaced refugees and IDPs have sought safety.\nSpecifically for refugees, emergency data collection and registration is undertaken both in\nGedaref and in White Nile, where the Commissioner for Refugees (COR) has scaled up\ntheir operational capacity to meet emerging needs, in emergency data collection and\nverification. Most of the registration activities aim to verify the movements of refugees and\nasylum seekers already registered in Sudan, to inform the planning of humanitarian\nassistance in areas of displacement and to identify and refer to partners individuals in\nurgent need for support. UNHCR presence and contact with authorities on the major routes\ntowards Ethiopia and South Sudan allow to detect information on movements trends and\nchallenges, and communications to UNHCR operations in countries neighbouring Sudan.\n\n\nIn parallel, UNHCR in Sudan continues to engage with the authorities to ensure that all\nspontaneous returns of refugees to countries of origin are voluntary and informed.\n\n\n**Protection monitoring.** Where security and mobility allow, UNHCR teams conduct visits\nto refugee and IDP hosting areas, including the new sites in Port Sudan, East Sudan States\nand White Nile State. The Office consults communities with a view to get in-person\nfeedback on ongoing protection risks and challenges in accessing services in close\ncoordination with partners. Protections monitoring through community networks remains\nactive through various activities in East Sudan and White Nile State. In locations affected\nby conflict, community volunteers who remain in those locations continue to be in touch\nwith UNHCR via phone to report on the situation on the ground. Community outreach\nvolunteers have been active in those areas, identifying protection issues, critical\nhumanitarian and protection needs, challenges in accessing services and reporting on\nthem with a view to help target the response. Where the security situation does not allow,\nUNHCR tries to maintain contacts with authorities and other key informants, amidst\nchallenges in communication and connectivity.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "emergency data", - "confidence": 0.6313740015029907, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8202968835830688, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nasylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9253695011138916, - "start": 102, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "been at the forefront of the response, in terms of information to access safety and services,\nbasic assistance, display of solidarity and mutual help. However, because of the conflict\nand the displacement, several established networks of trained community volunteers have\nbeen disrupted and their safety has been prioritized. Given the essential roles that\ncommunity-based structures continue to play in such challenging operational\ncircumstances, new members are being identified to support remote monitoring in conflict\nareas and new volunteers are being recruited in safer locations such as East Sudan and\nWhite Nile State, to support the increasing number of new arrivals with reception,\ninformation on available services, distribution of assistance, psychological first aid.\nCommunity management networks have also been crucial in overcoming the disrupted\ndelivery of essential services, such as water, in locations where UNHCR has been unable\nto access, including parts of Khartoum and Kordofan.\n\n\n**Child Protection.** Partners on the ground in Gedaref, Blue Nile and White Nile are working\nto identify children at risk and provide them with needed support while access to child\nprotection activities in Khartoum and parts of Kordofan and Darfur States has completely\nstopped. Kassala operates an unaccompanied children center in Shagarab camp that has\nprovided safe space for children at risk, including those fleeing from Khartoum and other\nunsafe areas. Partners on the ground in Gedaref, Blue Nile and White Nile are working to\nidentify children at risk (see below on education) and provide them with needed support\nwhile access to child protection activities in Khartoum and parts of Kordofan and Darfur\nStates has completely stopped.\n\n\n**Education.** In some states such as Gezira and White Nile where there has been a huge\ninflux of displaced populations, advocacy and the eventual implementation of full Education\nin Emergencies (EiE) programs to cater for the needs of the school going children who\nhave been displaced, alongside the expansion of existing education facilities, are being\npursued.\n\n\n**Gender-based violence.** Referral pathways to support GBV survivors have been updated\nin safe locations, such as in East Sudan and White Nile States, as well as parts of Darfur.\nGBV specialized services, including case management and psychosocial support and legal\nservices, are being expanded to meet the needs of the new arrivals in East Sudan and\nWhite Nile states. Coordination mechanisms are also strengthened to provide integrated\nand multisectoral GBV risk mitigation and response. In White Nile, the GBV team works\nclosely with Shelter and WASH focal points to ensure that construction modalities of\ncommunal shelters, latrines and water tap do not expose women and girls to the risk of\nGBV. Moreover, capacity building of Community-Based Protection Networks and\ncommunity volunteers is done to safely handle disclosure of GBV and to raise awareness\nof risks in the community.\n\n\n**Mental Health and Psychosocial Support.** During the crisis, UNHCR and partners have\nobserved an increased stigma about accessing mental health services among affected\npersons. As such, a small number of people have approached service providers and\nUNHCR is working with partners on sensitization material to increase willingness to seek\nmental health support. UNHCR continues to co-chair a technical working group on MHPSS\nalong with WHO. The group supports the mainstreaming of MHPSS in ongoing emergency\nprogramming (health, education, child protection and GBV). Plans are ongoing to provide\ntraining to frontliners on counselling and psychological first aid. In addition, it developed\nmapping on the available MHPSS services in the country to enhance the referral pathways\nfor the most affected population. The TWG will work closely with stakeholders in the field,\nincluding UN agencies, to provide the required technical support.\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "assessment is taking place in Gedaref to assess new needs. Hotlines managed by UNHCR\nnational staff on the ground and partners are active in most locations to receive questions\nand provide counselling and advice on assistance and services, including to stranded\nrefugees in Khartoum. So far, over 1,200 calls have been received. The office continues to\nexplore options of low-bandwidth access to digital information through social media,\nincluding the launch of the HELP website for Sudan [9] and establishment of a Telegram\nchannel, for additional outreach.\n\n\n**Mitigation of risks of smuggling and trafficking.** Specific focus has been put on\nprevention and risk mitigation of trafficking and smuggling. Telling the Real Story (TRS) [10]\ncommunity volunteers pursue outreach activities on the prevention of risky onward\nmovements in Kassala and Gedaref camps. Messaging focused on understanding risks\nassociated with irregular movement, smuggling and trafficking in persons and methods of\nrecruitment used by criminal networks and their emissaries.\n\n\n**Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA).** All activities to-date have been\nin respect of upholding UNHCR\u2019s integrity and ensuring all personal and professionals\nconduct is at the highest standard. This includes the mainstreaming of PSEA standards\nthroughout all operational response modalities. Staff and partners responding to the needs\nof refugees and IDPs have all been trained on the Code of Conduct and SEA reporting\nmechanisms. UNHCR continues to disseminate information on PSEA commitments and\nreporting mechanisms in-person, through hotlines, on the internet, social media and\nthrough partners, given that the risk of SEA is exacerbated due to depleted and limited\nresources within Sudan.\n\n\n_9_ _[https://help.unhcr.org/sudan/ is available in English and Arabic](https://help.unhcr.org/sudan/)_\n\n_[10 More information is available on the TRS website: https://www.tellingtherealstory.org/en/](https://www.tellingtherealstory.org/en/)_\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Security and other constraints for humanitarian operations.** Escalation of the conflict\nin various hotspot locations continues to create operational constraints for UNHCR and\npartners. Safe passages have not been granted for UNHCR to conduct activities, including\nproviding life-saving protection and assistance in conflict affected areas.\n\n\n**Access to durable solutions.** Some refugees who were under consideration for\nresettlement and complementary pathways to third countries have reportedly fled to safer\nlocations in Sudan or across borders to neighbouring countries with the hope that their\ncases will continue to be processed. UNHCR continues to counsel refugees through\nexisting communication channels, while strengthening coordination between the Sudan\ncountry operation, the Regional Bureau (Nairobi) and neighbouring countries in relation to\nall refugees with active cases who have independently moved onwards from Sudan or who\nhave returned to their country of origin in adverse circumstances. Recipient States have\nequally committed to continue processing resettlement cases involving refugees previously\nregistered in Sudan, following onward movement, so that resettlement continues to be an\nopportunity for safety and responsibility sharing with Sudan and neighbouring hosting\nStates.\n\n\nAll activities that aimed at supporting refugees and individuals at risk of statelessness with\nnationality documentation and civil registration have been suspended due to the complete\ndysfunction of the Civil Registration authority in all states due to the collapse of the network\nand damage in infrastructure.\n\n\n**Surge of IDPs in East Sudan.** East Sudan did not have an IDP footprint before the crisis.\nConsidering that the operation in the East of Sudan is not affected by the direct fighting,\nthis provides an opportunity for the existing services to be expanded to IDPs who seek\nsafety in this region and for coordination mechanisms under UNHCR\u2019s leadership to be\nexpanded and adapted.\n\n\n**Severe economic constraints.** Cash flow and lack of fuel have caused a surge of prices\nin a situation where hyperinflation prevailed prior to the conflict. Identifying available\ncommodities in the local market is becoming increasingly difficult, negatively impacting the\nlevel of assistance provided. Many of UNHCR\u2019s and partners\u2019 warehouses are either\ninaccessible or have been looted. Cash-based interventions are also difficult to implement\ndue to the closure of banks and lack of liquidity. As a result, refugees and IDPs with existing\neconomic vulnerability now find it near impossible to access their most basic needs.\n\n\nUNHCR 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e80da112-cd80-4709-81ed-ea87a33ad2c5/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20June%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_55/raw/doc_55_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_55/raw/doc_55_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8a5e195fccd69cffc3bad7612284c5ab2e40e477..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_55/raw/doc_55_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Analyse de\nProtection\nF\u00e9vrier 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 1. INTRODUCTION\n\n[Les membres du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, dans un communiqu\u00e9 de presse du](https://www.un.org/press/fr/2022/sc14787.doc.htm)\n4 f\u00e9vrier 2022, \u2018 _\u2019se sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la situation humanitaire_\n_actuelle, au vu de_ _**l\u2019augmentation consid\u00e9rable du nombre de personnes**_\n_**ayant besoin de protection**_ _et d\u2019aide humanitaire. Ils ont demand\u00e9 au_\n_Gouvernement de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo de_ _**s\u2019attaquer**_\n_**aux causes profondes de la situation humanitaire actuelle**_ _et_ _**aux**_\n_**partenaires de renforcer l\u2019assistance qu\u2019ils apportent au Gouvernement**_\n_**congolais**_ _pour surmonter ces probl\u00e8mes.\u2019\u2019_\n\nCe communiqu\u00e9 fait suite \u00e0 l\u2019attaque perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e le 1 [er] f\u00e9vrier 2022 contre\nle site de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) de Plaine Savo, dans le\nterritoire de Djugu, dans la province de l\u2019Ituri, et \u00e0 la persistance, dans\nl\u2019Est de R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, des violences qui\nentrainent l\u2019augmentation des incidents et risques de protection pour la\npopulation civile. Dans le sillage des recommandations du Conseil de\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9, le Cluster Protection a mesur\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et l\u2019urgence de faire\nune analyse de la situation de protection dans les territoires de Djugu,\nMahagi et Irumu particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s par des crises s\u00e9curitaires ;\nanalyse sur la base de laquelle des recommandations d\u2019action sont\nidentifi\u00e9es.\n\nL\u2019attaque du site Plaine Savo suit une multitude d\u2019autres attaques contre\ndes sites et sous-sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Fataki et\nDrodro, qui ont touch\u00e9 Tch\u00e9 (19 novembre), Drodro (21 nov), Ivo (21\nnov), Hona (21 nov), et Duka (25 novembre). Les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\net \u00e9galement retourn\u00e9es sont les populations les plus \u00e0 risques de\nviolations et ont besoin de protection dans les territoires de Djugu et\nd\u2019Irumu et Mahagi, frontali\u00e8res avec Djugu.\n\n\n\n**a. Echelle de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 Ituri :**\n\n\n**b. Chiffres clefs de protection**\n\n_Personnes dans le besoin : 1,753,213 (Province d\u2019Ituri) dont 1,454,388_\n_(Territoires de Djugu, Irumu, Mahagi)_\n_Nombre de personnes affect\u00e9es : 775,383 individus (Province d\u2019Ituri)_\n_Victimes civiles dans les 6 derniers mois : 1,187 individus_ _(Province d\u2019Ituri)_\n_dont 1,076 individus (Territoires de Djugu, Irumu et Mahagi)_\n\n_Tendances de d\u00e9placement :_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 2. CONTEXTE\n\n**Situation actuelle**\n\nEn Ituri, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 se\nd\u00e9t\u00e9riorer en raison de l\u2019intensification des activit\u00e9s de groupes arm\u00e9s\net ce malgr\u00e9 la proclamation et l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur en mai 2021 de l\u2019\u00e9tat\nde si\u00e8ge. En effet, sur fond de conflits inter et intra-communautaires et\nd\u2019affrontements avec les FARDC initiateurs d\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires de\ngrande envergure, notamment dans les Territoires de Djugu et d\u2019Irumu\nles groupes arm\u00e9s multiplient des attaques contre les civils, y compris les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes vivant dans des sites/camps.\n\nDans le Territoire de Djugu, l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des attaques de groupes arm\u00e9s\ncontre l\u2019arm\u00e9e est encore plus forte que durant la p\u00e9riode de violence\nqui avait pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 la cessation des hostilit\u00e9s en 2020. Dans le Territoire\nd\u2019Irumu, des attaques contre les civils (pillages, enl\u00e8vements, tueries\netc.) sont fr\u00e9quemment men\u00e9es.\n\nDans le sud de l\u2019Ituri, les Territoires d\u2019Irumu et Mambasa sont le th\u00e9\u00e2tre\nd\u2019incursions nombreuses de groupes arm\u00e9s, dont certains op\u00e8rent \u00e0\npartir de la province voisine du Nord-Kivu, et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de\nKomanda, \u00e0 75km de Bunia, le capital provincial. Dans le Territoire de\nMahagi, on note \u00e9galement une augmentation des incursions des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s depuis septembre 2021, avec comme cons\u00e9quence de\nnouveaux d\u00e9placements et un frein dans les mouvements de retour\nconstat\u00e9s depuis ao\u00fbt 2020 [1] .\n\nEn fin avril 2021, 1,651,180 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et 584,463 retourn\u00e9s\n\u00e9taient d\u00e9nombr\u00e9s en Ituri contre 1,976,817 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et\n996,602 retourn\u00e9s en d\u00e9but janvier 2022. L\u2019augmentation du nombre de\nretourn\u00e9s (+400,000 environ) ne s\u2019est pas accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une\n\n\n1 2022 Aper\u00e7u des Besoins Humanitaires, Cycle de Programme Humanitaire\n\n\n\ndiminution du nombre de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Au contraire, le nombres de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\na lui aussi consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 (+300,000 environ).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Types et Causes des conflits**\n\n\nDepuis plusieurs si\u00e8cles, les Hema et les Lendu, deux principales\ncommunaut\u00e9s de l\u2019Ituri, se disputent **l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et au pouvoir local**\n\n\n2 International Crisis Group, \u00ab RD Congo : en finir avec la violence cyclique en\nIturi \u00bb Rapport Afrique N\u00b0292, 15 juillet 2020\n\n\n\n**et provinciale.** Dans cette province tr\u00e8s rurale, la terre constitue une\nressource essentielle pour les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s ; les Lendu \u00e9tant\nmajoritairement des agriculteurs et les Hema, des \u00e9leveurs. A l\u2019\u00e9poque\nde la colonisation belge, les autorit\u00e9s ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la hi\u00e9rarchisation\ndes Hema, dont le chef disposait de pouvoirs importants, ce qui leur a\npermis d\u2019asseoir leur domination sur les Lendu [2] . Dans les ann\u00e9es 1970,\nles communaut\u00e9s Lendu ont migr\u00e9 du Nord de l\u2019Ituri vers le Sud, \u00e0 la\nrecherche de terres agricoles. Ceci a entrain\u00e9 des conflits entre les\ncommunaut\u00e9s Lendu (Ngiti \u00e9tant des sous-clans Lendu) et Hema locales\npour les acquisitions de terres ; la dynamique d\u2019acquisition des terres\nayant \u00e9t\u00e9 mal g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les chef coutumiers (mwamis) et les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales qui ont ill\u00e9galement vendu ou donn\u00e9 des titres fonciers au plus\noffrant (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les communaut\u00e9s pastorales). Dans le territoire\nde Djugu, les tensions entre Hema et Lendu se refl\u00e8tent et s\u2019amplifient\n\u00e9galement du fait de la justice s\u00e9lective ou l\u2019impunit\u00e9 et la\nrepr\u00e9sentation in\u00e9gale dans les institutions de l\u2019\u00c9tat. **Ce sentiment**\n**d\u2019injustice en plus des griefs historiques entre ces deux groupes n\u2019ont**\n**jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9es.**\n\nUn autre conflit li\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre implique la communaut\u00e9\nHutu/Banyabwisha. Dans les ann\u00e9es 2000, les migrants de cette\ncommunaut\u00e9 ont achet\u00e9 aux chefs locaux du Sud du Territoire d\u2019Irumu\ndes terres pour l\u2019exploitation agricole et sur laquelle ils ont exploit\u00e9 de\nl\u2019or d\u2019une mani\u00e8re artisanale. Aujourd\u2019hui, il existe un sentiment fort\nanti-Hutu/Banyabwisha parmi de nombreux membres des\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales (Lendu, Nyali et Bira), qui les d\u00e9signent souvent\ncomme \u00e9tant des \u00ab \u00e9trangers venus du Rwanda \u00bb ou des\n\u00ab Rwandophones \u00bb.\n\nUn autre type de conflit en Ituri concerne **l\u2019exploitation des min\u00e9raux** .\nEn effet, les cinq territoires de l\u2019Ituri sont riches en min\u00e9raux\n(principalement l\u2019uranium, le coltan, le mangan\u00e8se, le cobalt et l\u2019or). Les\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "gisements d\u2019or de l\u2019Ituri sont parmi les plus riches d\u2019Afrique. Des conflits\nexistent entre les grandes compagnies mini\u00e8res et les exploitants\nartisanaux qui se battent pour l\u2019exploitation de certaines zones mini\u00e8res\net revendiquent leurs droits sur ces terres. La lutte pour le contr\u00f4le de\ncette activit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s lucrative, a aussi donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 l\u2019implication aux cotes\ndes diverses parties antagonistes non seulement des groupes arm\u00e9s,\nincluant les groupes \u00e9trangers, mais aussi des officiers des FARDC\napp\u00e2t\u00e9s par le gain. Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, de nombreuses\ncommunaut\u00e9s Lendu et Ngiti ont \u00e9galement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 exploiter les\nmin\u00e9raux et ont abandonn\u00e9 leurs activit\u00e9s agricoles aux communaut\u00e9s\nBira. C\u2019est ainsi que des conflits fonciers sont observ\u00e9s entre les Bira\n(agriculteurs) et les Hema (\u00e9leveurs).\n\nCette relation conflictuelle entre ces communaut\u00e9s s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9e et a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 **instrumentalis\u00e9e \u00e0 des fins politiques** par des \u00e9lites voulant\ncontr\u00f4ler les ressources naturelles et mini\u00e8res. \u00c0 la suite d\u2019atrocit\u00e9s\ncommises par chaque groupe, des m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense se sont mis\nen place \u00e0 travers la cr\u00e9ation de groupes arm\u00e9s. Un accord de paix a \u00e9t\u00e9\nsign\u00e9 entre ces communaut\u00e9s en 2003 apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re guerre du\nCongo mais **les groupes ne seront jamais d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s** et les conflits\nfonciers ainsi que les rivalit\u00e9s autour du contr\u00f4le des ressources\nnaturelles, n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solus durablement. Les violences ont repris\nen 2017, \u00e0 la suite de difficult\u00e9s de partage du pouvoir\nintercommunautaire au niveau de l\u2019administration provinciale et\ncontinuent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour [3] .\n\n**Acteurs majeurs**\n\n\nDans les territoires consid\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 risque en province de l\u2019Ituri, les acteurs\nmajeurs du conflit sont surtout les milices arm\u00e9es proches de certaines\n\n\n3 Sungura et al., \u00ab Violence et Instabilit\u00e9 en ituri conflit, mysticisme et\ncamouflage \u00e9thnique dans la crise de Djugu \u00bb GIC Network, S\u00e9rie Insecure\nLivelihoods, avril 2021\n\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s, les groupes arm\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme \u00e9trangers, et les\nFARDC.\n\n\n**CODECO** (et ses factions qui se diff\u00e8rent entre eux par rapport aux\nterritoires qu\u2019ils contr\u00f4lent suite au d\u00e9c\u00e8s du leader du groupe en 2019) :\nCoop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo : Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la\ncommunaut\u00e9 Lendu.\n\n\n**FRPI** : Front de Resistance Patriotique de l\u2019Ituri associ\u00e9 aux Lendu/Ngeti\ncontre les milices Hema comme UPC (Union Patriotes Congolais)\n\n\n**FPIC** : Front Patriotique et Int\u00e9grationniste du Congo associ\u00e9 aux Bira. Ce\nsont des jeunes de la communaut\u00e9 Bira sont frustr\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre exclu du\ngouvernement provincial et d\u00e9sireux de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les terres occup\u00e9es.\nIls se battent souvent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de CODECO contre les populations Hema.\n\n\n**FPAC-Zaire** : Jeunes Hema ont form\u00e9 le groupe Za\u00efre contre les milices\nLendu comme CODECO.\n\n\n**ADF** : Allied Democratic Forces : Au d\u00e9part un groupe arm\u00e9 compos\u00e9 de\nmusulmans ougandais qui avait comme but de se battre contre la\ndiscrimination de la part du gouvernement Ougandais, mais dont les\nobjectifs aujourd\u2019hui sont moins claires. Ce groupe op\u00e8re dans la zone\nfronti\u00e8re Ituri et Nord Kivu. Une faction de l\u2019ADF a lou\u00e9 all\u00e9geance \u00e0 l\u2019Etat\nIslamique.\n\n\n**FARDC** : Forces Arm\u00e9es de la RDC : L\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale Congolaise qui est\nle sujet d\u2019attaques des groupes arm\u00e9es surtout CODECO, mais qui, sous\nl\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge, est \u00e9galement auteur de violations et d\u2019attaques contre\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UPDF** : Uganda People\u2019s Defense Force : L\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale ougandaise\nqui depuis d\u00e9cembre 2021, entreprends des op\u00e9rations conjointes avec\nla FARDC dans l\u2019ituri et le Nord Kivu pour poursuivre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF.\n\n\nLes alliances de ces groupes, leurs ressources et leurs objectifs changent\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, des factions se forment, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments se rendent et des\nnouvelles coalitions sont form\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Dynamiques de conflits**\n\n\nLes diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s, qu\u2019elles se disent d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de\ncertaines communaut\u00e9s ou pas, sont certainement dans une dynamique\nde comp\u00e9tition de contr\u00f4le des territoires. Le conflit en Ituri est autant\nidentitaire qu\u2019il est \u00e9conomique. Le contr\u00f4le d\u2019un territoire veut aussi\ndire le contr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles qui s\u2019y trouvent.\n\n\nLes objectifs des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9es sur des populations sont\nd\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 pour assurer le contr\u00f4le sur ce territoire, pour piller les biens\n\n\n\net denr\u00e9es pour assurer une continuation de leur existence, comme un\nmoyen de survie mais \u00e9galement pour se maintenir sur la carte et faire\npreuve de leur capacit\u00e9 de nuisance.\n\n\nEn simplifiant le conflit en purement conflit intercommunautaire, la\ndimension exploitation \u00e9conomique et recherche de pouvoir politique\nest mise en arri\u00e8re-plan.\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge a impos\u00e9 une autre dimension au conflit avec ses\nop\u00e9rations de s\u00e9curisations de zones qui une fois s\u00e9curis\u00e9es, sont\nlaiss\u00e9es par la FARDC et qui tombent donc rapidement de nouveau sous\nle control des groupes arm\u00e9s qui y \u00e9taient avant la s\u00e9curisation des\nFARDC.\n\n\nDe plus, l\u2019Etat de si\u00e8ge a modifi\u00e9 les revenus sur lesquels les groupes\narm\u00e9s comptaient ce qui les a ammen\u00e9 a augment\u00e9 des incidences de\ntaxes sur les populations, des postes de contr\u00f4les ainsi qu\u2019au pillages des\nvillages.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 3. RISQUES DE PROTECTION\n\n### Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans la province de l\u2019Ituri, les\nmouvements pendulaires de population coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 la faiblesse des\nm\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection ont exacerb\u00e9 les violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre. De janvier \u00e0 septembre 2021, la province a\nenregistr\u00e9 5,405 cas de VBG. Parmi ces cas VBG, 2,131 sont de viol dont\nles principaux auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont identifi\u00e9s parmi les groupes arm\u00e9s,\nles Forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9s (FARDC et la PNC). Des rapports font \u00e9galement\nmention de cas de VBG mettant en cause des agents de l'\u00c9tat. Alors que\nles humanitaires offrent une assistance imm\u00e9diate aux survivants.\n\n\n\nL\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s demeure la cause de la d\u00e9gradation de la\nsituation VBG dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de FATAKI territoire de GJUGU o\u00f9\nune \u00e9valuation rapide multisectorielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e dans 2 Aires de sant\u00e9\nBULE et Salama en f\u00e9vrier 2022 : 220 cas de VBG, avec un pic de 69% de\ncas de viol, 22% de grossesses et mariage pr\u00e9coces et 9% d\u2019autres types\nde VBG de d\u00e9cembre 2021 \u00e0 f\u00e9vrier 2022. La prise en charge des\nsurvivantes de VBG reste un d\u00e9fi important face \u00e0 la modicit\u00e9 des\nressources.\n\n### D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s\n\nLes attaques et incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s dans des localit\u00e9s et sites\nde d\u00e9plac\u00e9s constituent une violation du droit humanitaire r\u00e9sultant en\nune s\u00e9rie de violations graves des droits humains et sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de\nd\u00e9placements massifs de populations non seulement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du\npays, mais aussi vers l\u2019Ouganda. En d\u00e9but janvier 2022, la province de\nl\u2019Ituri comptait pr\u00e8s de 2 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dont la majorit\u00e9\n(plus de 1,7 million) se trouvant dans les Territoires de Djugu, Irumu et\nMahagi et pr\u00e8s de 1 million de retourn\u00e9s. Au moment de la proclamation\nde l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge en Ituri en d\u00e9but mai 2021 par le Chef de l\u2019Etat\ncongolais, 1.651.180 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et 584.463 retourn\u00e9s y \u00e9taient\nd\u00e9nombr\u00e9s.\n\n\nAu fil du temps, l\u2019augmentation du nombre de retourn\u00e9s (+400.000\nenviron) ne s\u2019est pas accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une diminution du nombre de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Au contraire, le nombre de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s a lui aussi\nconsid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 (+300,000 environ) du fait d\u2019une part, de\nl\u2019activit\u00e9 continue des groupes arm\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la proclamation de l\u2019\u00e9tat de\nsi\u00e8ge et d\u2019autre part, des op\u00e9rations militaires de grande envergure\nlanc\u00e9es par les forces de d\u00e9fense en vue de la s\u00e9curisation des zones\naffect\u00e9es par la crise. Au vu de ces indicateurs quantitatifs auxquels il\nfaut ajouter le nombre croissant d\u2019incidents de protection, l\u2019\u00e9tat de\nsi\u00e8ge, en ce qui concerne l\u2019impact sur la protection et le\nd\u00e9placement/retour des civils en Ituri, appara\u00eet comme \u00e9tant une\nmesure d\u2019une efficacit\u00e9 mitig\u00e9e.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En Ituri, des centaines de milliers de personnes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l\u2019exp\u00e9rience\nde d\u00e9placements multiples qui d\u00e9cuplent la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 de leurs conditions\nde vie d\u00e9j\u00e0 fortement et n\u00e9gativement impact\u00e9es par les crises. Ces\nd\u00e9placements multiples rendent les personnes affect\u00e9es, les enfants en\nparticulier, plus vuln\u00e9rables face \u00e0 divers dangers ou menaces,\nnotamment la s\u00e9paration familiale car la fuite face \u00e0 un p\u00e9ril grave se\npasse tr\u00e8s souvent de mani\u00e8re non-organis\u00e9e, le recrutement dans les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, la n\u00e9gligence, la violence et l\u2019exploitation sexuelle avec\nses cons\u00e9quences, les maladies, les traumatismes sur le plan psychique,\nla faim, etc.\n\n\n4 IPC. 2021. Acute Malnutrition Democratic Republic of Congo. November\n2021. (Also available at:\n\n\n### S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 / Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 Alimentaire Aig\u00fce\n\nLa destruction des moyens de subsistance est un risque de protection\nimportant dans cette localit\u00e9 qui contribue directement \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire et au recrutement forc\u00e9. La violence arm\u00e9e r\u00e9sultant\nd\u2019interventions militaires ou de tensions intercommunautaires continue\nde perturber les activit\u00e9s agricoles et commerciales.\n\nSelon les r\u00e9sultats du 20\u00e8me cycle d\u2019analyse IPC, 27 millions de\npersonnes sont en situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aig\u00fce parmi\nlesquelles 20,9 millions sont en phase de crise (phase 3) et 6,1 millions\nen phase d\u2019urgence (phase 4). Dans la province de l'Ituri, la majeure\npartie de la population, en particulier dans les zones touch\u00e9es par le\nconflit, vit en phase d\u2019urgence (phase 4) et phase de crise (phase 3). Sur\nles 70 zones analys\u00e9es dans la toute premi\u00e8re analyse de la malnutrition\naig\u00fce de l\u2019IPC, 8 ont des niveaux de GAM sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 15% et 42 zones\nont des GAM entre 10% et 15%, ce qui met en \u00e9vidence une situation\nnutritionnelle critique [4] .\n\nLa situation demeure pr\u00e9occupante dans ces zones. Une personne sur\nquatre est affect\u00e9e par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Ces personnes sont\nprincipalement localis\u00e9es dans des zones affect\u00e9es par les mouvements\nde population et des conflits arm\u00e9s dont l\u2019Ituri.\n\nLes op\u00e9rations militaires conjointes et la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndevraient perturber davantage l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire aux populations\nvuln\u00e9rables, les contraintes d'acc\u00e8s \u00e9tant d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es.\n\nUne \u00e9valuation r\u00e9cente men\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dans le Territore d\u2019Irumu le\nPAM et ses partenaires ont appris que, les chefs communautaires dans\nle cadre d'un groupe de discussion, ont indiqu\u00e9 qu'ils avaient\nl'impression que la situation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e9tait impr\u00e9visible\n\n\n[https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_DRC_Acute_](https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_DRC_Acute_%20FoodInsec_Malnutrition_2021Sept2022Aug_Report_French.pdf)\n[FoodInsec_Malnutrition_2021Sept2022Aug_Report_French.pdf](https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_DRC_Acute_%20FoodInsec_Malnutrition_2021Sept2022Aug_Report_French.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "car ils se sentent menac\u00e9s par des attaques d'armes \u00e9tatiques et non\n\u00e9tatiques.\n\n### Attaques continues contre les sites\n\nSelon le haut-commissariat de l\u2019ONU aux droits de l\u2019homme, outre les\ncraintes que d\u2019autres sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es puissent \u00eatre\nattaqu\u00e9s, en particulier Loda, Lala, Tshukpa-Ngupu et Djaiba, situ\u00e9s \u00e0\nproximit\u00e9 de Plaine Savo et accueillant des membres de la communaut\u00e9\nHema, il existe \u00e9galement un risque grave d\u2019attaques de repr\u00e9sailles de\nla part du groupe arm\u00e9 Front Populaire d\u2019Autod\u00e9fense de l\u2019Ituri (FPACZa\u00efre) [5], vu son modus operandi. Les rapports de monitoring de\nprotection du 8 et 9 f\u00e9vrier 2022, quelques jours seulement apr\u00e8s\nl\u2019attaque sur Plaine Savo et un peu plus de deux mois apr\u00e8s les attaques\ndes sites de la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Drodro, identifient clairement ce cycle\n\n\n5 [RDC : l\u2019ONU redoute des repr\u00e9sailles apr\u00e8s le massacre de 63 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s par](https://news.un.org/fr/story/2022/02/1113892)\n[des miliciens en Ituri | ONU Info (un.org)](https://news.un.org/fr/story/2022/02/1113892)\n\n\n\nde vengeance. Lors de ces violentes attaques, les enfants ne sont pas\n\u00e9pargn\u00e9s par la mort, les mutilations ou les violences sexuelles. En 2021,\n1,193 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en charge suite \u00e0 des violences.\n\n### Recruitment et utilisation d\u2019enfants\n\nForce est de constater qu\u2019en Ituri, la violence s\u00e9pare plusieurs enfants de\nleurs parents ou familles. Ces derniers courent de grands risques d\u2019\u00eatre\nutilis\u00e9s comme soldats. En 2021, les d\u00e9placements de population ont\ncaus\u00e9 la s\u00e9paration d\u2019avec leurs parents d\u2019au moins 1.344 enfants qui ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 prise en charge par les acteurs de Protection de l\u2019Enfance.\n\nL\u2019intensification de l\u2019activit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s en Ituri, combin\u00e9e au fait\nqu\u2019un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de \u00e9l\u00e9ments associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe arm\u00e9 renforce la\nposition de n\u00e9gociation de ce groupe, m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une intensification du\nrecrutement et d\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants. Le tissu socio\u00e9conomique\nextr\u00eamement fragile des territoires en question, ainsi que les liens\ncommunautaires de certains groupes arm\u00e9s, poussent un grand nombre\nd\u2019enfants vers ces groupes arm\u00e9s, les voyant comme la seule mani\u00e8re de\nse nourrir et de nourrir leur famille, de se venger, de se prot\u00e9ger ou\nprot\u00e9ger leurs communaut\u00e9s. D\u2019autres groupes recrutent et utilisent les\nfilles et les gar\u00e7ons de mani\u00e8re forc\u00e9e. En effet, tous les groupes arm\u00e9s\nrecrutent et utilisent des enfants en RDC, et m\u00eame les FARDC parfois\nutilisent des enfants pour effectuer des t\u00e2ches telles que cuisiner, manier\nune barri\u00e8re ou transporter de l\u2019\u00e9quipement, les exposant \u00e0 de la\nviolence. En 2021, 376 enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nidentifi\u00e9 et prise en charge. Malheureusement, ceci ne repr\u00e9sente que la\npartie visible de l\u2019iceberg et des milliers d\u2019enfants sont encore estim\u00e9s\n\u00eatre associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s dans la province de l\u2019Ituri. Ces filles et\ngar\u00e7ons enfants sont d\u00e9rob\u00e9s de leurs enfance et expos\u00e9s \u00e0 de multiples\nviolations : violence physique, violence \u00e9motionnel, violence sexuelle,\netc. De plus, ces enfants sont aussi expos\u00e9s lors des conflits arm\u00e9s et sont\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "souvent victimes de d\u00e9tention par les autorit\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019ils sont captur\u00e9s\ndans les op\u00e9rations militaires.\n\n### Violations des droits de l\u2019homme\n\nLes op\u00e9rations militaires dites de s\u00e9curisation et le d\u00e9ploiement accru\nd\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC sous l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge dans diff\u00e9rents axes routiers de la\nprovince ainsi que dans diverses localit\u00e9s ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une\naugmentation des violations des droits humains attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 ces\nmilitaires. Et le cumul de ces violations avec celles commises par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et autres auteurs donne un nombre \u00e9quivalant \u00e0 27,443\nen 2021 contre 18,444 violations en 2020. Par ailleurs, force est de\nconstater que durant les quatre premiers mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 (avant la\nproclamation de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge) la moyenne mensuelle de violations \u00e9tait\nde 1,823 contre 2,518 les huit autres mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. Ces\nchiffres semblent d\u00e9montrer que l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge a plut\u00f4t exacerb\u00e9 la\nviolence.\n\n### Logement, Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n\nLes conflits fonciers que connaissent les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s de\nl\u2019Ituri peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9s en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : les conflits\nd\u2019usage et les conflits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Ces conflits s\u2019expliquent d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 du\nfait qu\u2019il y a une d\u00e9mographie galopante. Mais aussi l\u2019exploitation de la\nterre par des gens ne poss\u00e9dant pas des titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 dans une\ncertaine mesure et aussi l\u2019obtention des titres par des m\u00e9canismes\ninappropri\u00e9s. Cette situation est caus\u00e9e principalement pas la\nm\u00e9connaissance de la loi fonci\u00e8re par les communaut\u00e9s :\n\n\n - Non-respect de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 coutumi\u00e8re par les allog\u00e8nes qui\ntraitent directement avec les villageois pour se faire octroyer des\nterres en foulant aux pieds le pouvoir du chef et cela \u00e0 vil prix.\n\n - D\u00e9sint\u00e9ressement des peuples autochtones de l\u2019exploitation de\nla terre. Ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent vendre la terre \u00e0 un prix d\u00e9risoire pour les\nrevendiquer t\u00f4t ou tard.\n\n - La ruse et l\u2019esprit de la domination de la part des exploitants\nagricoles. Les grands exploitants agricoles intellectuels, riches\n\n\n\nont tendance \u00e0 minimiser les peuples autochtones souvent\nanalphab\u00e8tes. Ils profitent de la m\u00e9connaissance de la loi de la\npart de ces derniers pour acheter plusieurs hectares et cela \u00e0 un\nvil prix en violation flagrante de la loi dite fonci\u00e8re. Pendant la\npassation de contrat, ils ins\u00e8rent n\u2019importe quelle clause dans le\ncontrat.\n\n### Manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de bases\n\nMalgr\u00e9 le caract\u00e8re civil ainsi que le statut prot\u00e9g\u00e9 de certains espaces,\nles groupes arm\u00e9s ainsi que les FARDC continuent \u00e0 attaquer, piller,\nd\u00e9truire et occuper les \u00e9coles et h\u00f4pitaux \u00e0 travers la province de l\u2019Ituri.\nDans les 4 derniers mois, 8 centres/postes de sant\u00e9 et 6 \u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9\npris pour cibles et pour toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, le total d\u2019\u00e9coles et h\u00f4pitaux\nattaqu\u00e9s s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 80, ce qui revient \u00e0 plus d\u2019une attaque tous les 5 jours.\nLes d\u00e9g\u00e2ts de ces graves violations auront des r\u00e9percussions sur des\nmilliers de personnes et d\u2019enfants dans les ann\u00e9es qui viennent. La\nfragilit\u00e9 du contexte s\u00e9curitaire dans les localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es r\u00e9duit\nfortement leurs opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n**Impact et cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes de la crise dans un contexte de**\n**COVID-19.**\nL\u2019insuffisance des abris, la promiscuit\u00e9 sur les sites et dans les familles\nd\u2019accueil coupl\u00e9es avec les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la Covid-19, risque d\u2019entrainer\nune vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accrue pour les femmes, les adolescentes et les\npersonnes \u00e0 mobilit\u00e9s r\u00e9duites. Avec moins de structures de protection\ncommunautaires et moins de dispositifs de mitigation des risques contre\nla pand\u00e9mie covid-19, on assistera une plus grande vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\nindividuelle et plus de promiscuit\u00e9.\n\n**Traumatismes li\u00e9s aux chocs subis, l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la violence et aux**\n**d\u00e9placements des personnes vuln\u00e9rables.**\nVu que les attaques se multiplient, ce contexte cr\u00e9e un climat de peur,\nde m\u00e9fiance qui pousse aux d\u00e9placements pr\u00e9ventifs dans des localit\u00e9s\ndifficiles d\u2019acc\u00e8s. Les effets de la crise engendrent d\u2019\u00e9normes besoins en\nmati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 mentale et de soutien psychosocial. L\u2019injustice et les\nviolences longtemps subies par la communaut\u00e9 H\u00e9ma, ont nourri des\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sentiments de vengeance et la cr\u00e9ation de groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense. Il est\ndonc essentiel de promouvoir les soins de sant\u00e9 mentale, la promotion\ndu bien-\u00eatre psychosocial et le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\n### Destruction et pillage d\u2019abris et de biens\n\nIl y a des risques importants de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits au\nlogement, \u00e0 la terre et aux biens surtout pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nLa destruction des abris et la faible capacit\u00e9 des maisons de familles\nd\u2019accueil, constitue l\u2019un des plus grands risques de protection. Les droits\naux Logement, \u00e0 la Terre et aux Biens (LTB) doit \u00eatre plac\u00e9es au c\u0153ur des\nplaidoyers et d\u00e9bats car les difficult\u00e9s d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 l'habitat\nmettent les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et retourn\u00e9es dans une situation\ncritique pour leur vie en les exposant \u00e0 des risques de protection\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires. L\u2019insuffisance de la r\u00e9ponse Abris et l\u2019absence de\nr\u00e9sultats satisfaisants (tenant compte des gaps) doivent amener les\nacteurs de ce secteur \u00e0 adopter une approche visant le long terme pour\n\u00e9viter de rester \u00e9ternellement dans l\u2019urgence, et formuler des strat\u00e9gies\nplus efficaces et inclusives.\n\n\nEn novembre 2021, 1,721 abris individuels furent d\u00e9truits pendant\nl\u2019attaque contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Drodro\nattribu\u00e9e aux CODECO. Ce m\u00eame groupe s\u2019est vu imputer la destruction\nde 1,204 abris lors de l\u2019attaque de f\u00e9vrier 2022 contre le site Plaine Savo\ndans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Fataki.\n\n### Acc\u00e8s humanitaire\n\nEn ce qui concerne le d\u00e9ploiement de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans le\ncontexte d\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge, il sied de noter que **l\u2019espace humanitaire s\u2019est**\n**plut\u00f4t consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duit** pour les m\u00eames raisons que celles\n\u00e9voqu\u00e9es supra (Activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s et op\u00e9rations militaires\naccompagn\u00e9es de restrictions de mouvements sur divers axes routiers).\nAu-del\u00e0 des attaques ciblant des infrastructures sociales tels les\nh\u00f4pitaux, un certain nombre d\u2019organisations humanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019hostilit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9es et subi des destructions de\nbiens ainsi que des atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique de leur staff d\u00e9ploy\u00e9\n\n\n\nsur le terrain. Et dans un contexte o\u00f9 la MONUSCO fait face \u00e0 de s\u00e9rieux\nprobl\u00e8mes d\u2019acceptance et de capacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle, **les humanitaires**\n**ont vu leur marge de man\u0153uvre s\u2019amoindrir** dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021. Ce manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences directes pour,\nentre autres, les enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et ceux associ\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s que les acteurs de protection de l\u2019enfance ne peuvent plus\nr\u00e9unifier avec leurs familles et qui passent plus de temps en famille\nd\u2019accueil ou dans un centre de transit.\n\n\u00c0 part leurs cons\u00e9quences sur le plan humain, les attaques contre les\nsites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s peuvent entrainer la remise en cause de la\ncapacite des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9tatiques, appuy\u00e9es par la MONUSCO, \u00e0\nprot\u00e9ger les populations civiles, y compris celle qui a du tout laisser pour\nchercher refuge et protection dans des endroits estim\u00e9s s\u00fbrs, souvent \u00e0\nproximit\u00e9 des unit\u00e9s des FARDC, PNC ou des forces internationales\nMONUSCO. Les attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre les sites pourraient aussi\nentacher la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9putation de tout le syst\u00e8me humanitaire et\nde protection, dans la mesure o\u00f9 cela impliquerait le manque d\u2019efficacit\u00e9\ndes m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alerte et de plaidoyer a m\u00eame de pr\u00e9venir ce genre\nd\u2019attaques.\n\nEn 2021, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans les provinces de l\u2019est, notamment les\nviolences ou incidents envers du personnel et des biens des\norganisations humanitaires (interf\u00e9rences, vol, pillage, destruction,\nenl\u00e8vements, assassinats), et les dispositions s\u00e9curitaires prises ont\naffect\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s humanitaires et conduit au ralentissement et \u00e0 la\nsuspension de certaines activit\u00e9s humanitaires. De janvier \u00e0 octobre\n2021, 260 incidents s\u00e9curitaires affectant directement des personnels ou\nbien humanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9s, 7 travailleurs humanitaires tu\u00e9s, 26\ntravailleurs humanitaires bless\u00e9s et 23 humanitaires enlev\u00e9s. Le NordKivu et l\u2019Ituri sont les provinces les plus affect\u00e9es avec 72 incidents et 56\nincidents respectivement.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La situation s\u00e9curitaire reste volatile en raison des affrontements arm\u00e9s,\ndes conflits interethniques et des attaques violentes sur les routes\nd'approvisionnement strat\u00e9giques, notamment au Nord-Kivu, au SudKivu et en Ituri. Entre le NordKivu et l'Ituri, la principale route\nd'approvisionnement (BeniKomanda-Bunia) a \u00e9t\u00e9\nfortement touch\u00e9e, ce qui\npourrait avoir des\nr\u00e9percussions n\u00e9gatives sur les\nprix du march\u00e9 et sur\nl'approvisionnement en aide\nhumanitaire.\n\nDepuis la mise en place de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge au Nord-Kivu et Ituri, les\nop\u00e9rations militaires se sont intensifi\u00e9es dans certaines zones de ces\ndeux provinces. Parall\u00e8lement, certains groupes arm\u00e9s ont intensifi\u00e9\nleurs attaques ou\ngraduellement chang\u00e9 leur\nmodus operandi,\nnotamment \u00e0 travers l\u2019usage\nd\u2019armes frappant sans\ndiscrimination, comme les\nengins explosifs improvis\u00e9s\nqui ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre\nutilis\u00e9s en juillet 2021.\n\n\n## 4. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES\n\n**1.** **L\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et la Protection par la Pr\u00e9sence**\n\n\ni. Soutenir le Cluster de Protection Sous-National et AoRs en Ituri\nafin d\u2019assurer la pr\u00e9sence et la r\u00e9ponse op\u00e9rationnelle r\u00e9guli\u00e8re\ndes acteurs de protection dans les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans la\nprovince. Les Clusters de protection sous-nationaux et national\net AoRs seront soutenus par les \u00e9quipes globales afin de\nrenforcer une approche de coordination par zone _(Cluster_\n_Protection, GPC)._\nii. Maintenir et \u00e9largir l\u2019espace humanitaire pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s en\nrenfor\u00e7ant les n\u00e9gociations avec les forces de l\u2019ordre mais aussi\navec les groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques pour la fourniture d\u2019une\nassistance essentielle _(OCHA)._\niii. Encourager les organisations humanitaires \u0153uvrant en Ituri \u00e0\nd\u00e9velopper des \u00e9quipes d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 faire des n\u00e9gociations\nhumanitaires de premi\u00e8re ligne pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s _(OCHA)._\niv. Organiser des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation et de dialogue avec les\nleaders et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s actifs dans les zones\nd\u2019accueil des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, sur le respect du caract\u00e8re\ncivil et humanitaire des sites des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les\nnormes relatives en droit international humanitaire _(Cluster_\n_Protection, OCHA)._\nv. D\u00e9velopper des activit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion sociale, de cohabitation\npacifique inter and intracommunautaire en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le\nvivre ensemble, en renfor\u00e7ant notamment les m\u00e9canismes\ncommunautaires existants. Par exemple, pour garantir la\nsensibilit\u00e9 aux conflits utiliser l\u2019analyse actuelle des risques de\nprotection et un engagement communautaire fort et en\nd\u00e9courageant l\u2019approche de ciblage discriminatoire _(acteurs du_\n_Cluster Protection)._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vi. Travailler avec le Cluster S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Alimentaire, pour assurer que\nla population la plus \u00e0 risque de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation\nn\u00e9fastes soit prise en charge dans les ciblages et distributions de\ncash et/ou vivres _(Cluster Protection, Cluster S\u00e9curit\u00e9_\n_Alimentaire)._\nvii. Renforcer la protection des femmes et des filles, mettre en place\ndes m\u00e9canismes de justice transitionnelle, notamment le fonds\nnational de r\u00e9paration des victimes des crimes graves et les\ncrimes de violences sexuelles dans les conflits et assurer la\nr\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique de survivants de VBG _(AoR_\n_Violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre)._\n\n\n**2.** **Enfants associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s**\n\n\ni. Renforcer le m\u00e9canisme de surveillance et de communication de\nl\u2019information sur les violations graves commises contre les\nenfants en situation de conflits arm\u00e9s tel que d\u00e9finis dans la\nR\u00e9solution 1612 du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU\n_(MONUSCO/UNICEF)._\nii. Mener des activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention de la s\u00e9paration familiale ainsi\n\nque de pr\u00e9vention de recrutement pour les filles et gar\u00e7ons\nparticuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables, notamment dans les sites et lieux\nles plus \u00e0 risque de ces violations et sur la base d\u2019alertes re\u00e7ues.\nPour ceci, travailler \u00e9troitement avec les acteurs\ncommunautaires, les gestionnaires de site et la MONUSCO\n_(acteurs du AoR Protection de l\u2019Enfant)._\niii. Traiter tout enfant associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un groupe arm\u00e9 d\u2019abord comme\n\nune victime et lui fournir, en coordination avec le nouveau\nProgramme DDRC-S, l\u2019appui et le soutien n\u00e9cessaire pour\nregagner une vie d\u2019enfant \u00e0 travers la mise en place de\nprogramme de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio\u00e9conomique \u00e0 base\ncommunautaire. Ces programmes devront prendre en compte\nles particularit\u00e9s auxquelles font face les filles lors de leurs\nrecrutement, associations, s\u00e9parations et r\u00e9int\u00e9grations _(acteurs_\n_du AoR Protection de l\u2019Enfant)._\n\n\n\niv. Travailler avec la MONUSCO, notamment sa section Protection\n\nde l\u2019Enfant, pour mettre un place un plan de contingence en cas\nde sortie massive d\u2019enfants d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 suite \u00e0 un\nplaidoyer et assurer que la d\u00e9mobilisation des enfants ne soit pas\nutilis\u00e9e dans les n\u00e9gociations entre les groupes arm\u00e9s et le\ngouvernement _(AoR Protection de l\u2019Enfant)._\nv. Fournir aux enfants affect\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s l\u2019appui\n\npsychosocial ainsi que psychologique dont ils ont besoin pour\npouvoir pleinement s\u2019\u00e9panouir, notamment \u00e0 travers des\nespaces amis des enfants _(acteurs du AoR Protection de l\u2019Enfant)._\n\n\n**3.** **Strat\u00e9gie d\u2019analyse de protection**\n\n\ni. Assurer la production r\u00e9guli\u00e8re d\u2019analyses de protection pour la\nprovince d\u2019Ituri, prenant en compte la participation des\npartenaires de protection, ceci faisant partie des fonctions\nprincipales du cluster protection _(Cluster Protection Ituri, avec le_\n_soutien du GPC)_ et d\u00e9velopper des analyses similaires dans les\nautres provinces de la RDC _(Cluster Protection, GPC)._\nii. D\u00e9velopper une liste de sites plus vuln\u00e9rables aux attaques et les\nfacteurs de ce risque, notamment le profil de leur habitants,\nl\u2019absence de position FARDC, PNC ou MONUSCO, et la proximit\u00e9\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux _(Cluster Protection Ituri)._\niii. D\u00e9velopper une liste de lieux prot\u00e9g\u00e9s tels que les \u00e9coles et les\nh\u00f4pitaux pour partage avec le gouvernement et les forces de\nd\u00e9fense. _(Cluster Protection, Cluster Education, Cluster Sant\u00e9)._\niv. Produire des analyses plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es des risques y inclus GBV,\nHLP etc. ; cette analyse de protection ne couvre pas toutes les\nrisques de protection en Ituri. Les AoRs seront responsables de\nl\u2019analyse de protection dans leur domaine d\u2019expertise.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **Strat\u00e9gie de plaidoyer**\n\ni. D\u00e9velopper une strat\u00e9gie de plaidoyer et de communication\ns\u2019appuyant sur la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019analyse _(Cluster Protection, GPC)_ et\nreprenant les axes de de plaidoyer suivants :\n\n\na. Travailler avec les autorit\u00e9s nationales, provinciales et\n\nterritoriales et les acteurs qui interagissent avec les groupes\narm\u00e9s pour redoubler leurs efforts et d\u00e9marrer/entamer des\nmesures concr\u00e8tes pour un renforcement collectif de la\nprotection de la population civile, et sp\u00e9cifiquement des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nb. Faire un plaidoyer avec le Cluster CCCM en vue de d\u00e9clarer\n\nles populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les sites et centres collectifs\ncomme des lieux \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger contre toute agression.\n\n\n## M\u00e9thodologie\n\n_**M\u00e9thodologie**_\n\n\n_Ce rapport a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es secondaires dont_\n_des rapports de situation, des alertes des organisations_\n_humanitaires, des rapports de monitoring de protection ainsi_\n_que des analyses de conflits en Ituri. Des partenaires et_\n_acteurs de protection ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9s et ont contribu\u00e9_\n_\u00e0 l\u2019analyse de protection. La cartographie du conflit a \u00e9t\u00e9_\n_d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le GPC \u00e0 partir de bases de donn\u00e9es externes._\n\n\n_**Limites**_\n\n\n_L\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et les dynamiques de conflits sont_\n_extr\u00eamement changeants en Ituri et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du contexte_\n_actuel ne repr\u00e9sente pas forc\u00e9ment celle de demain. Les_\n_informations ne sont pas toujours claires ni v\u00e9rifiables sur les_\n_revendications des groupes arm\u00e9es et les violations_\n_commises._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06e6c673-f518-3dd9-98d0-559c813f5a3f/210220_PAU_Ituri-Province-DR-Congo_February-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_550/raw/doc_550_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_550/raw/doc_550_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 18d21e75c05ed0c8979239a3b01f31d4a94f4259..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_550/raw/doc_550_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,526 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nThe conflict in Sudan that started nearly six months ago, on 15 April 2023, continues\nunabated. The security situation remains tense and precarious, marked by armed clashes\nand massive displacement. The parties to the conflict have expanded to include new armed\ngroups such as in Kadugli town, South Kordofan, where clashes erupted in August, as well\nas in Darfur, where many observers point to the risk of the conflict spiralling into large-scale\nviolence along intercommunal lines. There are also concerns that fighting reaches other\nmajor towns such as Wad Madani and Kosti, where UNHCR and other humanitarians\nagencies maintain an operational presence. Air strikes were reported in Al Jazirah State in\nAugust 2023, approximately 150 kilometers from Wad Madani, adding to the existing fears\nof intensified conflict outside of the hotspot areas. Port Sudan, which is hosting several\ngovernment ministries and currently serves as the main humanitarian hub in Sudan, has\nalso recently experienced tensions between local militias and the Sudanese Armed Forces.\n\n\nPolitical divides continue to grow, exacerbated by the deteriorating security situation. On\nAugust 13 [th], the Rapid Support Forces announced plans to establish an agency to\n\u201cenhance and coordinate humanitarian operations\u201d, which could act as a parallel\nmechanism to the existing established government system for coordinating humanitarian\naid. Tensions escalated in White Nile State, following claims by Darfur Regional Governor\nMini Minawi of potential attacks on the joint forces that are currently escorting humanitarian\nconvoys between Kosti and Darfur. Minawi further warned that Signatory Armed\nMovements (SAM) may change their neutral stance if attacks on civilian convoys\ncontinued. Elsewhere in Sudan, support for either SAF or RSF continues to be reported,\nalong tribal lines and among JPA signatory armed movements. In this regard, the former\nSRSG for Sudan, Volker Perthes warned that security developments, including mobilization\nalong tribal lines, as well as calls in support of the continuation of fighting could draw Sudan\ninto a full-scale civil war [1] .\n\n\nThe impact of the conflict is dire in the locations directly affected but it goes beyond to the\nrest of country that is witnessing mass displacement. Civilians continue to fall victims of\ntargeted or indiscriminate attacks caused by increased use of heavy weaponry in\nKhartoum, South Darfur and South Kordofan states. In Khartoum, over 40 civilians were\nkilled in one aerial attack on a market south of the city.\n\n\nThe security situation is hampering access to life-saving assistance and services.\nHumanitarian efforts to respond are met with numerous challenges. As reported in previous\neditions, warehouses and property have been looted or destroyed, negatively the actual\ncapacity to respond [2] . UNHCR losses in terms of NFI stock are estimated at USD\n7,138,197.77, excluding other assets such as vehicles.\n\n\nThe rainy season is further compounding the overall humanitarian environment. Heavy\nrains and flooding during the month of August destroyed shelters in several \u201cOpen Areas\u201d\nin Khartoum where many South Sudanese refugees continue to live. In the congested\nrefugee and IDP sites of Kosti, the lack of sanitation coupled with heavy rains was the\nsource of health concerns.\n\n\n_1 SRSG for Sudan and Head of UNITAMS Volker Perthes Remarks to the Security Council on 13 September 2023. Available at:_\n\n_[https://unitams.unmissions.org/en/srsg-sudan-and-head-unitams-volker-perthes-remarks-security-council-13-september-2023](https://unitams.unmissions.org/en/srsg-sudan-and-head-unitams-volker-perthes-remarks-security-council-13-september-2023)_\n\n_2 Six UNHCR offices in Khartoum, Kordofan and Darfur have been looted and six UNHCR warehouses have been destroyed_\n\n_and/or looted since the start of the conflict, including in El Fasher (North Darfur), El Obeid (North Kordofan), Nyala (South_\n_Darfur), El Geneina (West Darfur) and Khartoum. The latter warehouse was reportedly destroyed in an airstrike_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite the complex and challenging environment, UNHCR continues to deliver life-saving\ninterventions through collaboration with Government authorities, partners and affected\npopulations. However, owing to the highly volatile security situation in the areas of\nKhartoum, the Kordofans and Darfur, support to the affected populations there remains\nextremely limited.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners continue to relentlessly maintain communication with civilians in\nconflict-affected areas, exploring all avenues to bring them support. Pragmatic approaches\nare taken to respond to the mixed and complex nature of the displacement flows,\ncomposed of newly displaced refugees and IDPs, asylum seekers, refugees, stateless\npersons, returnees and deportees. In this regard, UNHCR is currently expanding the scale\nof its services in areas impacted by substantial displacement, which also covers host\ncommunities.\n\n\nCommunity-Based Protection Networks are undertaking protection monitoring, communitylevel early warning and peaceful co-existence, identification of persons with specific needs,\nreferrals, awareness raising or dispute resolution. UNHCR is also planning to expand its\ninvestment in the development of the capacities of the community by establishing and\nsupporting multi-purpose community centers and supporting community-led organizations\nin parts of Darfur, Al Jazirah, White Nile, Northern, Kassala and Gedaref States.\n\n### Key Trends & Figures\n\n##### Internal movement within Sudan\n\n\n_Internal movement of refugees in Sudan as of 13 September 2023_\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[following live link. Individual registration and document issuance continues or has resumed](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.powerbi.com%2Fview%3Fr%3DeyJrIjoiZjMxNjRkY2EtOTJhMC00NzcxLWEwOTMtYTFjZDliOGEwZDQ2IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9&data=05%7C01%7Cdiatta%40unhcr.org%7C6214eb8dcee24663fc4308db7b05930a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638239036087621155%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UYK%2BdsMhEILX54l3pc%2FBSDlqgCWiN9RGEiqZ9zJh8uY%3D&reserved=0)\nin the Eastern states (Kassala, Girba, Gedaref, Blue Nile) and White Nile, UNHCR is also\npursuing overall mapping of movements where needed.\n\n\nThere is also an ongoing active mapping of IDP sites and establishment of data databases\nunder the lead of UNHCR partners in field offices. According to IOM DTM [3], 4,295,092\nIndividuals (856,578 Households) have been recently internally displaced.\n\n\nIDPs, Refugees and asylum seekers in Sudan continue to move towards areas where they\nfind safety, within the country. The map-estimation of internal movements, complemented\nby registration/documentation activities, showed a trend of Ethiopian and Eritreans\ncaseload moving, mainly towards Eastern states (Jazira, Gedaref and Kassala), while\nSouth Sudanese move toward White Nile. Movements towards Northern state in Sudan is\nalso noticed for South Sudanese and Ethiopian caseload from Khartoum, albeit in lesser\nnumber.\n\n##### Movement of refugees outside Sudan\n\n\n_Population movement from Sudan as of 28 September 2023_\n\n\n**Cross border movements.** According to UNHCR data portal on Sudan Situation, as of\n30 [th] September 2023, the total number amounted to 1,098,475 individuals (130k increase\nsince end of August), including 74.4% Sudanese refugees, 23.6% returnees and 2% of\nnon-Sudanese asylum seekers. Beyond neighboring countries that have been reporting on\nSudanese influx since the outbreak of the conflict, Uganda new registration statistics have\nin the past 3 months pointed to over 1,000 Sudanese asylum seekers in every month. A\nzoom on their state of origin shows 43% are from Khartoum, 21% from South Kordofan,\n15% from North Darfur, 12% from South Darfur and 9% from Blue Nile.\n\n\n_[3 IOM \u2013 DTM: DTM Sudan - Monthly Displacement Overview (01) | Displacement Tracking Matrix (iom.int)](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-01)_\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data databases", - "confidence": 0.5330667495727539, - "start": 59, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6929674744606018, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs, Refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6683551073074341, - "start": 97, - "end": 103 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data portal on Sudan Situation", - "confidence": 0.9687762260437012, - "start": 214, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9736456871032715, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9032442569732666, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9976686835289001, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.7819096446037292, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Uganda new registration statistics", - "confidence": 0.6820783019065857, - "start": 288, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.7745615243911743, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9127386808395386, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.7937079668045044, - "start": 366, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Monthly Displacement Overview", - "confidence": 0.5179527997970581, - "start": 359, - "end": 362 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM \u2013 DTM", - "confidence": 0.6634725332260132, - "start": 352, - "end": 355 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8880966305732727, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9539884924888611, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kassala from 01 May to 05 October 2023, with an average of 530 arrivals per month. These\nnew arrivals include 1377 females and 1383 males who have come to Sudan mostly\ndirectly and rarely through organized conveys from various entry points. Over 98 percent\nof these new arrivals are Eritreans, followed by Somalis and Ethiopians. August saw the\nlargest number of new arrivals (801), followed by September (571), May (387), June (438),\nJuly (436) and October (127) \u2013 as of 05 October only though. The continuous influx of\nrefugees to Kassala is partially attributed to flow of unregistered refugees/ asylum-seekers\nmainly from conflict ridden cities including but not limited to Khartoum. Other factors also\ninclude the decline in controlling the human smuggling activities of refugees out of Sudan\ndue to the outbreak of law, as well as conducive weather in the Mediterranean seas at this\ntime of the year.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_New arrival trends in Kassala as of 5 October 2023_\n\n\nAs regards new arrivals coming straight from Eritrea, information collected through a rapid\nassessment, help desk counselling and from key community informants indicate that\nincessant human rights violations including forced conscription to open-end military\nservice, arbitrary disappearance, extra-judicial executions, worsening economic situation,\nas well lack of access to fair trials are accounted for continuous exodus of the Eritreans\nfrom their country. Furthermore, Eritrean well-established diaspora community in Europe\nand economic support by relatives from abroad are stated to be as the pull factors for the\nsame population group to leave their country.\n\n### Protection Risks\n\n##### Forced displacement and serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights laws\n\n\nReports indicate that as of 25 September, over 4.2 million persons have become internally\ndisplaced persons [4] and over 1 million individuals have fled across borders because of the\nongoing conflict [5] . Reports indicate that there have been approximately 7,500 fatalities [6], a\nstark difference from the conservative figures provided by the Ministry of Health of 1,500\ncivilian fatalities, and over 6,000 individuals wounded [7] as of 31 August.\n\n\n_4 IOM, Displacement Tracking Matrix Sudan - Monthly Displacement Overview (01), 26 Sep 2023, available at_\n\n_[https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-01](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-01)_\n\n_[5 UNHCR, Operational Data Portal, Refugee Situations, Situation Sudan situation (unhcr.org)](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n\n_6 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), Situation Update, September 2023, Sudan: Deadly Reciprocal Offensives_\n\n_[for Strategic Locations in Khartoum and Darfur, 8 September 2023, available at https://acleddata.com/2023/09/08/sudan-](https://acleddata.com/2023/09/08/sudan-situation-update-september-2023-deadly-reciprocal-offensives-for-strategic-locations-in-khartoum-and-darfur/)_\n_[situation-update-september-2023-deadly-reciprocal-offensives-for-strategic-locations-in-khartoum-and-darfur/](https://acleddata.com/2023/09/08/sudan-situation-update-september-2023-deadly-reciprocal-offensives-for-strategic-locations-in-khartoum-and-darfur/)_\n\n_7 Sudan Tribune, Sudan\u2019s war claims lives of over 1,500 Civilians: minister, 31 August 2023 available at_\n\n_[https://sudantribune.com/article276711/](https://sudantribune.com/article276711/)_\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8857141733169556, - "start": 401, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Monthly Displacement Overview", - "confidence": 0.7281049489974976, - "start": 406, - "end": 409 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9924836754798889, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9909713268280029, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9691689610481262, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5118502974510193, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Operational Data Portal", - "confidence": 0.7552648782730103, - "start": 427, - "end": 430 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9213393926620483, - "start": 425, - "end": 426 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9242663383483887, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7767865657806396, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Event Data", - "confidence": 0.9382656216621399, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ACLED", - "confidence": 0.999451220035553, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6110817193984985, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.982050895690918, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7324168682098389, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugees who remained in camps and settlement in East Darfur report harassment, killings\nand robbery at gunpoint in farming areas, along routes and within their settlements. In\nNyala town, South Darfur, civilians fled to various localities in South Darfur, as well as to\nEast Darfur and North Darfur after clashes erupted between SAF and RSF. UNHCR\nreceived reports that some relocated to al Obeid, Kosti, Ed Daein, Wad Madani and Port\nSudan.\n\n\nGiven the current security situation, refugees are at heightened risk of abuse when moving\nto safe locations, including arbitrary arrest and detention. UNHCR has identified four\nCentral African refugees in detention in Red Sea State after they fled Nyala for safety.\nUNHCR and partner advocacy prompted their release however they continue to face\nharassment due to their imputed affiliation to one of the parties in conflict.\n\n\nWhereas some civilians manage to flee conflict areas in the search of safety and security,\nothers remain trapped, unable to leave. Obstacles to the movement out of conflict areas\nrange from the prevailing security risks to the lack of transport or alternatives in terms of\nshelter. In Khartoum, the epicenter of conflict, UNHCR is closely monitoring the critical\nsituation of around 1000 refugee families who continue to live there, with hopes of finding\nsafe ways to flee to safety. UNHCR is exploring avenues to support their relocation\nincluding through multi-purpose cash assistance (for onward transport). In September,\nwhen Zalingei town was besieged by armed clashes, IDPs living in Hasa Hisa camp could\nnot flee for security reasons. In some instances, parties to the conflict have prevented\ncivilians\u2019 flight, including to neighboring countries as was the case in July for civilians in\nSirba town, West Darfur whose movement to Chad was largely blocked. Most of them\nrelocated eventually to West Darfur as IDPs.\n\n\nAs a result of the continued deteriorating security situation, a sizable number of refugees,\nmainly South Sudanese, have been compelled to return to their countries of origin in\nadverse circumstances (i.e., areas of return not ripe for their sustainable return). In so\ndoing, some have faced arbitrary arrest, detention and robbery.\n\n\nThe Governor of Gedaref\u2019 decision to close the Gallabat border for eight days in August\n2023 following reported armed confrontations between Ethiopian Defense Force and\narmed militia in Amhara Region of Ethiopia, albeit temporarily, has heightened the use of\nsmugglers for movements into and out of Sudan. In the month of August alone, 95 refugees\nwere intercepted in Gedaref after they had resorted to smugglers to reach Sudan. UNHCR\npartners provided them legal and psychosocial assistance. UNHCR is also witnessing the\nuse of smugglers along new routes within Sudan. In Red Sea state for example, 13\nindividuals, including two UASC, were intercepted in Halayeb, along the Kassala- Egypt\nroute in July 2023. A member of this group lost his life due to the harsh travelling\nconditions. The group is waiting for relocation to Shagarab camp in Kassala.\n\n\nCivilians continue to face restrictions in accessing safety outside of Sudan. On 6 August,\nOCHA and UNHCR undertook a mission to Argeen border crossing were approximately\n227 individuals, including 17 South Sudanese refugees, remained stranded. The group\nwas mainly composed of women, children and elderly persons whose conditions were\nparticularly dire.\n\n\nThe new passport factory inaugurated in Port Sudan on the 30 [th] of August is now producing\nthousands of passports per day. The waiting list continues to grow, along with the costs.\nDespite relative improvement in the access to documentation, civilians in Sudan continue\nto face exit restrictions due to the tightening of visa policies in neighboring countries, and\nabsence of active consular services to notably facilitate family reunification.\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children continue to be seriously affected by the ongoing conflict. Death, maiming and\nforced recruitment into the armed forces are observed. On 16 September 2023, 30 children\nassociated with armed forces or groups were captured by SAF and handed over to ICRC.\nThey eventually were all relocated to Kassala. Some were hospitalized, while the others\nwere handed over to UNICEF for follow-up.\n\n\nRefugee and IDP children who have reached safe locations show signs of distress following\ntheir experience of active combat. Their mental health and psychological well-being have\nbeen severely impacted by their forced displacement, with signs of acute emotional distress\nwidely reported amongst them as well as their caregivers. The Government\u2019s lack of clarity\non the resumption of school in 2023 will further limit the availability of safe spaces for\nchildren to continue learning while developing their social and interpersonal skills. Indeed,\nthe use of schools as gathering sites in many states continues to hamper their effective\nuse as educational facilities. According to the Sudan Site Management Sector, at least\n82% of the currently mapped 526 gathering sites are schools (in Al Jazirah, Kassala,\nGedaref, White Nile, Red Sea and Northern States).\n\n\nTo mark 100 days since the beginning of the conflict, UNICEF has warned that a grave\nviolation against a child is reported at an average rate of over one per hour [8] . The risk of\ndeath is also prevalent among children due to disease, malnutrition, and limited access to\nhealth services. 1,200 refugee children under 5 have died in nine camps in White Nile state\nbetween 15 May and 14 September due to suspected measles outbreak and high\nmalnutrition. The situation is further exacerbated by the general poor state of health\nfacilities [9] . In Wadi Halfa, the lack of food and resulting malnutrition among children remains\na major concern.\n\n##### Gender-Based Violence\n\n\nThere are persistent reports of sexual violence against women and girls across Khartoum,\nSouth Darfur and West Darfur. The reported cases are believed to represent a small\nfraction of the actual number of incidents, with reporting being inhibited by lack of access\nto services, ongoing security risks and community stigma [10] . In August, the CVAW\n(Combatting Violence Against Women Unit) warned of an increase in forcible\ndisappearance along with the ethnic targeting of women, leading to an upscale in the type\nof conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) faced by women in the country [11] .\n\n\nIn addition to reported violations by parties to the conflict, UNHCR partners report\nincreased intimate partner violence and a high risk of sexual exploitation and abuse.\nAccess to specialized medical care in several areas, including Post-Exposure Prophylaxis,\nremains limited, often increasing the likelihood of HIV infections or unwanted pregnancies.\nStigma, shame, and fear of retaliation impede survivors\u2019 access to the limited services\navailable. The overall response to GBV and CRSV against women and girls is severely\nhampered by a lack of access to conflict areas.\n\n\nThe risk of sexual abuse and exploitation (SEA) remains high in Sudan. This is\ncompounded by the underlying vulnerability of refugees and asylum seekers, secondary\ndisplacement trends, and gaps in partner presence and life-saving assistance in conflict\nhotspot areas, particularly in Darfur, Khartoum and Kordofan.\n\n\n_8 UNICEF: Severe violations of children\u2019s rights an \u2018hourly occurrence\u2019 in Sudan, warns UNICEF. Available at:_\n\n_[https://www.unicef.org/sudan/press-releases/severe-violations-childrens-rights-hourly-occurrence-sudan-warns-unicef](https://www.unicef.org/sudan/press-releases/severe-violations-childrens-rights-hourly-occurrence-sudan-warns-unicef)_\n\n_9 UNHCR and WHO Joint Press Release, 19 September 2023_\n\n_10 UNHCR, Protection Cluster, At a Glance: Protection Impact from the Conflict, Update no. 14, 20 August 2023_\n\n_11 BBC Arabic: Sudan Conflict- Is sexual violence being weaponized against women? Available at:_\n\n_[https://www.bbc.com/arabic/interactivity-66565844.amp](https://www.bbc.com/arabic/interactivity-66565844.amp)_\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Massive displacement resulting from the ongoing conflict in Sudan has stretched limited\nresources. Tensions are mounting among various displaced groups and with the host\ncommunity. Owing to the slow and restrictive visa issuance processes and the continuing\ndeportations from Egypt, rising tensions over the depletion of resources have been noted\namong forcibly displaced persons and their hosts in Wadi Halfa.\n\n\nIn Eastern Sudan, the authorities are particularly concerned about the coexistence of\nrefugees and IDPs in urban gathering sites amidst the host community. The State\ngovernments are therefore seeking to implement stricter encampment policies, with\nrequests to establish new camps to host refugees outside the city centres.\n\n\nIn Wad Madani, gathering sites are congested, and pressure on public services is\nparticularly high, including in terms of health and water services. This is leading to soaring\nprices of commodities and higher costs of living. Discontent and growing resentment from\nhost communities towards forcibly displaced is observed. South Sudanese refugees who\nhave been hosted in the state for over a decade have been exposed to unprecedented\npressure, including threats by the host community to set on fire their settlement. The\nbrewing of alcohol which South Sudanese refugees do to generate additional income has\nbeen the cause of this rising tensions. The authorities at local and state level have insisted\nthat this refugee community be relocated elsewhere, including back to their country of\norigin, South Sudan. Some members of the group have never lived in South Sudan and\nwould not know where to go.\n\n\nDue to these tensions, a number of IDPs have indeed decided to eventually go back to\ntheir homes in Khartoum in spite of the ongoing war there. According to information\nreceived by UNHCR teams in the field, heads of families, mostly adult males, are starting\nto return to Khartoum in a bid to prepare for the family to join them, at a later stage.\n\n\n_**Crowded conditions observed at a gathering site in Wad Madani, Jazirah State. Photo: UNHCR/Deep Uprety**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Impeded humanitarian access to conflict areas such as Khartoum, Kordofans, Darfur and\nother conflict affected locations is having dire implications on forcibly displaced people,\nparticularly persons with specific needs who are unable to obtain the required assistance.\nWhether on account of the security situation or natural hazards such as heavy rains and\nflooding rendering roads impassable, any hindrance to humanitarian access can pose a\nmyriad of risks to refugees and IDPs safety and well-being.\n\n\nMany refugees, especially in Darfur, have remained without food assistance for several\nmonths now. The humanitarian situation in Zalingei (Central Darfur) is catastrophic with\nsignificant shortage of medicine and food. Similarly, in Tawilla (North Darfur), the most\npressing needs are access to food and clean water following attacks that destroyed the\ntown\u2019s major infrastructure including hospitals, solar systems, and water supply generators.\nThe humanitarian situation in Nyala town is also rapidly deteriorating in the absence of\nbasic essential services. All state hospitals except the Turkish hospital are incapacitated\ndue to acute shortage of medical supplies, lack of electricity, and drinking water.\n\n\nThe lack of access to health facilities and medical supplies has dire consequences for\nmany. In Dar Alsalam open Area in Jabel Awelia locality (Khartoum), scarcity of food, cash\nand health services resulted in the death of 4 elderly persons and 2 infants.\n\n\nIn locations where UNHCR is operating, the Government of Sudan is posing new\nrestrictions. UNHCR has recently received communication to suspend registration activities\nin White Nile and Red Sea States, with no justification provided.\n\n### Key Elements of the Protection Response\n\n##### Access to Safety\n\n\nUNHCR has closely engaged with refugee communities who remain in conflict areas such\nas in Khartoum. A mapping exercise to collect details on their whereabouts was completed.\nThrough that exercise and the continuous communication with the refugee communities,\nUNHCR identified about 1000 families that are willing to move outside Khartoum. UNHCR\nis currently exploring the safest ways to bring them to safety. In Red Sea State, UNHCR is\nproviding support to IDPs working in art and culture professions who were relocated from\nKhartoum with UNESCO\u2019s support.\n\n\nTo mitigate the challenges refugees\u2019 face in planning their return home, UNHCR is\nundertaking intention surveys. The exercise targeting Ethiopian refugees has been\ncompleted in Babikri and Um Gargour camps (Gedaref), as well as in Camp 6 (Blue Nile).\nA total of 1050 individuals participated. The majority of those surveyed in Camp 6 (91%)\nexpressed a wish to return to Ethiopia in a year's time if the security and economic situation\npermit. Nevertheless, UNHCR has recorded some spontaneous returns to Ethiopia.\nEthiopian refugees in Gedaref expressed less of an inclination to return to Ethiopia, with\nthe majority in Babikri (63%) not wishing to return and 31% remaining undecided, while in\nUm Gargour 70% of those surveyed did not wish to return to Ethiopia and 19% were\nundecided. In Red Sea State, UNHCR and partners conducted an intention survey whereby\nonly 4% of surveyed South Sudanese indicated a wish to return home.\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "services and general insecurity in Ethiopia as primary reasons for their move back to the\ncountry.\n\n\nOver 5,000 deportations from Egypt to Sudan have been recorded since the conflict began\non April 15 [th], with more than 3,000 in this reporting period. These deportations affect mostly\nSudanese nationals, including registered refugees. Most deportations are motivated by\nexpired legal documentation and/or lack of residency status. UNHCR has engaged relevant\npartners in the response to their needs, including with psycho-social support, in a bid to\nprevent their return to unsafe areas.\n\n\nDespite the dwindling prospects for durable solutions, UNHCR Sudan continues to\nadvocate for expedited processing of refugees in the pipeline for third country solutions.\nUNHCR Sudan, in collaboration with IOM and resettlement countries, facilitated the\ndeparture of an unaccompanied child under family reunification to Belgium, as well as 3\nrefugees under resettlement consideration to the United States. 27 refugees departed on\n22 August to Canada under the private sponsorship scheme. This movement was\norganized by IOM, in coordination with UNHCR and Canada. Capitalizing on these\nsuccessful departures, UNHCR advocates for more departures of refugees who were\naccepted or were at an advanced stage of processing prior to the conflict. Regular\ncoordination activities continue to be undertaken with UNHCR offices in neighboring\ncountries to ensure that information to refugees who crossed borders to pursue their third\ncountry option is up to date and that adequate support is availed to facilitate access to\nsolutions.\n\n##### Enhanced efforts for engaging communities and identifying Persons with Specific Needs (PSNs)\n\n\nUNHCR is building the capacity of the displaced communities through support to\nCommunity-Based Protection Networks (CBPNs) to emphasize their role in mitigating the\neffects of conflict through monitoring, identification of persons with specific needs, referral\nto services, awareness raising, and dispute resolution. In the East, UNHCR has\nencouraged the establishment of new community self-management structures that cover\nhost populations and new arrivals.\n\n\nTo ensure timely identification of persons with specific needs (PSNs), identification and\nprioritization of interventions has been undertaken through protection desks. Established in\nseveral localities, they provide a trusted platform for close interaction with crisis affected\npopulations and provision of verified and updated information. In Wadi Halfa protection\nteams were deployed alongside the distribution team to ensure protection mainstreaming\nduring distribution, and to respond to queries and concerns. In Port Sudan, the Protection\nDesk at the COR office is actively engaged in referrals, mainly to health services. In\nGedaref, COR and UNHCR have agreed to establish a protection desk at Gallabat border.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR developed its communication methods with affected communities in order to\nenhance the identification of PSNs and enable their swift access to services. UNHCR\nSudan launched a WhatsApp channel (+249900934472) where updated and verified\ninformation on UNHCR services is now accessible in four languages, (Arabic, English,\nAmharic and Tigrinya). The WhatsApp channel also provides the option for human\nfeedback, ensuring a two-way communication mechanism that includes referrals to\nrelevant services. This complements existing efforts to share information through the\n[UNHCR Sudan Telegram channel for lower bandwidth connections.](https://t.me/UNHCRSudaninformationchannel)\n\n\nHotlines with dedicated Focal Points are functional albeit disrupted from time to time by the\nconnectivity issues. Over 2,600 calls were received by end of August. The interagency\n(UNHCR/ WFP) complaints feedback mechanism (CFM), call center via phone no. 1460\nwas revived in early September with a UNHCR dedicated operator responding to calls and\nmaking referrals to UNHCR services.\n\n\n[UNHCR Help Page for Sudan continues to be updated on a regular basis (UNHCR Sudan](https://help.unhcr.org/sudan/)\n\n[- Help for refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced people). Other channels](https://help.unhcr.org/sudan/)\ninclude an active confidential email account to receive complaints and requests for\n[assistance (sudkhhelp@unhcr.org). The operation is set to improve the complaints](mailto:sudkhhelp@unhcr.org)\nfeedback mechanism across all offices and is engaged with the inter-agency AAP working\ngroup in the planned conduct of community consultations to further improve the response\nacross the country.\n\n\nEmergency shelter and non-food items (ES/NFI), including cash assistance, is provided to\nvulnerable households as well as to PSNs in several locations. In Wadi Halfa, cash-based\ninterventions (CBI) have reached over 6,000 individuals in two rounds since the 30 [th] of\nAugust. CBI activities have also resumed in Gedaref and there are ongoing verification\nexercises to start providing CBI in other locations. Finally, UNHCR and partners have\ndistributed NFIs to over 30,516 households (152,580 individuals) in the Kassala, Gedaref,\nBlue Nile, Sennar, Northern, Al Gazirah, White Nile, and North Darfur states from the 1 [st] of\nJuly to date.\n\n\n_**Distribution of cash assistance to vulnerable IDPs in Gedaref State. Photo: UNHCR**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR has a leading role at the National MHPSS Technical Working Group (TWG)\nalongside WHO. The TWG is held monthly and attended by different UN agencies and\nInternational and National Organizations (I/NGOs). Through this collaborative effort,\ncoordinated MHPSS interventions across the country are taking shape. A service and actor\nmapping has been developed and joint capacity building efforts are taking place in different\nstates aimed at building national capacities on MHPSS service delivery to affected\npopulations. Besides the National TWG, UNHCR worked with partners and other\nstakeholders in different states to form sub-MHPSS TWG at the state level. There are\ncurrently sub-TWGs in Gedaref, Kassala, Northern State, and White Nile states. Work is\nongoing to establish sub-TWGs in Darfur, Blue Nile, and River Nile states.\n\n\nThe [MHPSS National Response Guidance note was developed and shared with TWG](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/elbasha_unhcr_org/EWx3iv28DthGorOb6H6fm44BxP_oylZsyjcf6SbOLvdQyA?e=cXmtg0)\nmembers across Sudan. The Guidance seeks to ensure harmonized understanding of the\nconcept of MHPSS and associated terms in use by agencies and service providers to\nensure appropriate interventions for the improved well-being and resilience of affected\npopulations.\n\n\nThe MHPSS project proposal in the Northern State by UNHCR in partnership with the\nSudanese Red Crescent Society (SRCS) has been approved by the Asylum, Migration,\nand Integration Fund (AMIF). Implementation of the project will begin soon.\n\n##### Child Protection and Education\n\n\nChild protection response is limited in the hotspots of Kordofan, Darfur and in Khartoum\ndue to the security situation. Elsewhere, identification of at-risk children is ongoing through\nprotection desks, door to door support and case management. Capacity building of\npartners and local actors, volunteers and community structures has been done to further\nstrengthen identification, risk mitigation and response. Similarly, community sensitization\nis ongoing on trafficking and other major issues affecting children.\n\n\nWhile schools remain closed at the moment, earlier in the year (May, June, July) a total of\n138 students from Um Gargour (103) and Fao 5 (35) took the National Exam for Grade Six\nin Gedaref state. From the results that were announced recently, sixty-eight students (66%)\nsuccessfully passed the exam and will move to the intermediate level when the new school\nyear is announced. Female students performed better than male students, accounting for\n76% of those who passed. UNHCR and other partners in Kassala had advocated for\nchildren from the most vulnerable families to sit for grade 6 state level examination. As a\nresult of this advocacy and coordination with the ministry of education, 623 refugee\nchildren, 9000 children from host community, and 1800 IDPs children who fled the conflict\nin Khartoum were supported to sit for this exam. Of the 623 refugee students who did the\nexam, 430 passed the exam (71.3% female). In White Nile State (WNS), approximately\n3000 refugee children participated in state level primary school exam with 93% overall pass\nrate.\n\n\nWindle Trust International continues to provide counselling and psychosocial support as\nwell as child safeguarding training sessions in White Nile, Kassala and Gedaref for\ndisplaced students from Khartoum.\n\n\nIn White Nile state, UNHCR remained on the ground, supporting refugee education through\nadvocacy, resource mobilization and awareness raising. Education partners are engaged\nat school level and more than 12000 children benefitted from psychosocial support\nactivities. A national campaign has been launched to establish more temporary spaces for\nschool children. This is because many schools are being used as gathering sites for\ndisplaced populations, denying children an opportunity to continue their learning even\nwhere there could be prospects. Also, many children have been forced to flee from their\noriginal homes, which overwhelms the educational infrastructure available in the states\nwhere they have moved to. Different states are looking to resume schooling in the near\n\n\nUNHCR 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS", - "confidence": 0.8212896585464478, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "service delivery to affected\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.5166293382644653, - "start": 81, - "end": 86 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6955187320709229, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.9239672422409058, - "start": 84, - "end": 86 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "start Education in Emergencies programs within the schools and/or temporary learning\nshelters ahead of schools re-opening. UNICEF recently re-launched their learning passport\nfor Sudan to support e-learning efforts.\n\n##### Civil Documentation\n\n\nUNHCR has advocated for resumption of civil documentation issuance with Government\nauthorities **,** also in a bid to facilitate movement out of country for civilians in search of safety\nand refuge. A recently procured machine for passport issuance will alleviate some of the\nchallenges encountered. Following the inauguration of the new passport facility in Port\nSudan on 30 August, application procedures have resumed in Al-Jazirah, River Nile,\nKassala, Gedaref, Kosti, Sennar and Northern States. While issuance of national numbers\nremains suspended, the Directorate of Civil Registry announced the resumption of\nissuance of birth certificates in key cities including Port Sudan, Wad Madani and Dongola.\n\n\nThe Civil Registry Directorate managed to retrieve the national data (following the\ndestruction/loss of most of its main servers in Khartoum) and is currently fixing connectivity\nissues, despite these continuous efforts, access to civil documentation, including birth\nregistration, remains extremely challenging due to the limited outreach and capacity.\n\n##### GBV Prevention, Risk Mitigation and Response\n\n\nIn accessible areas, GBV prevention and risk mitigation measures were expanded and\nincluded strengthening of referral mechanisms for improved case management and\nprovision of specialized support for survivors. GBV specialized services, including case\nmanagement and psychosocial support services, are also expanding. Engagement with\ncommunity-based protection networks to strengthen their capacities and to get their\nsupport in information dissemination to wider communities was undertaken. Coordination\nmechanisms were also strengthened to provide integrated and multisectoral GBV risk\nmitigation and response. Moreover, capacity building of community-based and community\nvolunteers was done to safely handle disclosure of GBV and to raise awareness of risks in\nthe community.\n\n\nSimilarly, UNFPA and UNHCR have planned to jointly roll out GBVIMS+ for effective and\nsafe collection, storage, analysis and sharing of GBV-related data as there is gap in terms\nof harmonized GBV information management in Sudan. This will also minimize the utility\nof collected data to inform program decisions for effective GBV prevention and care for\nsurvivors and for organized information-sharing between key stakeholders.\n\n\nThere is enforced prevention and response to SEA across humanitarian intervention\nactivities through UNHCR\u2019s close collaboration with government counterparts, partners,\nother UN agencies and the PSEA Network, including forcibly displaced people. A SEA Risk\nAssessment was completed in Gedaref. Partner and government staff training on SEA and\nCode of Conduct has been conducted in areas with operational capacity, such as Blue Nile\nState, Gedaref and White Nile.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national data", - "confidence": 0.8666747212409973, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Civil Registry Directorate", - "confidence": 0.8822169899940491, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS+", - "confidence": 0.9623660445213318, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.6710145473480225, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9426267743110657, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Suspension of registration of vital events and delivery of civil documentation** is\nhampering access to durable solutions. Although the Civil Registry resumed some of its\nkey functions in limited states, including in Wad Madani, Port Sudan and Dongola, the\nsystem continues to be suspended in the other parts of the country. The absence of the\nCivil Registrar means no issuance of vital civil documents which are requisite for family\nreunification/ private sponsored cases. This also negatively impacts family reunification for\nunaccompanied children. Additionally, there are budgetary constraints related to exit visas\nand travel permits with ever increasing costs, contrary to nationals for whom exit visas are\nnow waived due to exigencies of the prevailing situation.\n\n\n**The effects of displacement on education.** Further to the continued use of schools as\ngathering sites, displaced populations particularly secondary refugee displacement will be\nworst affected with suspended learning due to limited access to education opportunities\neven before the conflict. The risk of children staying home for prolonged durations remain\nand there is no guidance yet on Sudan Secondary Certificate exams.\n\n\nAccording to the Sudan Education Cluster, teachers across the country have not been paid\nfor months and this is also posing a potential threat to re-opening of schools. In areas where\nUNHCR has handed schools to Ministry of Education, the gains made under the gradual\ninclusion of refugees in the national system agenda are bound to be reversed which will\nnegatively impact the global and regional agreement on IGAD and GRF.\n\n\n**Growing pressure on public services is fueling tensions.** Rising tensions have been\nobserved among displaced individuals in Wadi Halfa due to depletion of resources. In Wad\nMadani resentment is growing towards the forcibly displaced population from Khartoum\nowing to the pressure on public services, particularly health and water as well as the\ncommercial market. The Al Jazirah authorities are insistent on refugees being relocated to\nother states, including those who have lived in the state for over a decade.\n\n\nPort Sudan is Sudan\u2019s main point of entry and exit and as such, it has become the new\nadministrative hub for government institutions, embassies and civil society organizations.\nUNHCR engaged with authorities on matters such as immigration, documentation and civil\nregistration. Nevertheless, a steep rise of internal movements towards Red Sea State by\nindividuals of various nationalities is anticipated for documentation purposes and other\nconsular services.\n\n\n**Border with Eritrea opening.** Movement towards Eritrea has been increasingly reported\nfor individuals unable to cross to other countries such as Egypt. The re-opening of the\nborder is a welcome opportunity as it provides safe exit for Sudanese individuals who are\nusing the Asmara Airport to travel to third countries for which they have valid visas.\n\n\n**Impediments to access to safety**\n\n\n**Access to territory:** While in White Nile the border with South Sudan remains open, there\nis a reduction in the number of South Sudanese individuals entering Sudan through Joda\nborder since the crisis began. In Gedaref, the Governor of Gedaref issued an emergency\norder on 8 August 2023 imposing several restrictions, including the closure of borders with\nneighboring countries except for allowing foreign nationals to leave Sudan or for Sudanese\nstranded abroad to return home.\n\n\nUNHCR and COR undertook a joint border monitoring mission to Gallabat on 10 August\nand found that approximately 4,000 individuals, including Ethiopian, Eritrean and\nSudanese individuals were stranded in Metema, across the border from Gallabat in\nEthiopia. They were unable to move onward due to the conflict in Amhara region or return\nto Sudan due to the border closure, and some of them reported an intention to move with\nthe help of smugglers. On 13 August, Gallabat border crossing point was re-opened\n\n\nUNHCR 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Smuggling and trafficking:** The current crisis in Sudan has shifted Sudan from an origin,\ndestination and transit country of mixed flows, to primarily an origin country. While\nsmuggling networks were thriving before the conflict, particularly in Gedaref and Kassala,\nthe phenomenon appears to be on the rise with renewed focus on the route to Egypt rather\nthan Libya due to restrictive and long visa processes or inadequate documentation.\nReports received in the field via Telling the Real Story project volunteers indicate that\nsmugglers are charging up to 2,000 USD to facilitate irregular movement from the\nShagarab camps to Egypt and Ethiopia.\n\n\nIrregular crossing through smugglers appears increasingly linked to the lack of legal\npathways outside the country. It is anticipated that more refugees and other nationals will\nresort to smugglers should barriers persist, and if visa requirements in neighbouring\ncountries are not waived or reduced. Additionally, the Government of Sudan encampment\npolicy and the difficulty in securing permits to leave camps continue to create a situation\nwhereby refugees resort to smugglers to leave camps, putting them at risk of trafficking.\n\n### Key Messages/Asks\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_551/raw/doc_551_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_551/raw/doc_551_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9de47e6f4e1ac2a3a956287bc84474403f178cf0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_551/raw/doc_551_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,512 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n### Contents\n\n\nOperational Context & Analysis 3\n\n\nKey Trends & Figures 5\n\n\nProtection Risks 8\n\n\nKey Elements of UNHCR\u2019s Protection Response 15\n\n\nOperational Challenges & Opportunities 20\n\n\nKey Advocacy Messages 22\n\n\n2 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n### Operational Context & Analysis\n\n\nA year into the military hostilities in Sudan, the level of violence, destruction and\ndisplacement continues unabated, and the security situation remains tense and\nvolatile. Humanitarian needs driven largely by the conflict in the country are\nimmense. According to the 2024 Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan, an\nestimated 25 million people, about half the country\u2019s population, need\nhumanitarian assistance. Over half that number are children.\n\nAs of end-March 2024, over 6.5 million people are displaced from their homes in\nSudan [1], in addition to some 3 million people who were already internally displaced\nbefore the conflict started in April 2023. Almost 1.8 million people have sought\nsafety in neighbouring countries like South Sudan, Chad, Egypt the Central African\nRepublic, and Ethiopia. [2] These staggering figures of displacement, many that have\noccurred multiple times, make the Sudan emergency one of the worst protection\ncrises globally and one of the worst humanitarian crises in recent memory.\n\nThe volatility of the conflict and its rapid expansion beyond Khartoum State in the\nearly phases has exposed civilians to gross violence, human rights violations, and\nmultiple displacements. The spread of the conflict to Al Jazirah State in midDecember 2023, showed how quickly the situation can change. Over 500,000\npeople were displaced in only a few days, some of them for the second or third\ntime since the start of the conflict.\n\nParties to the conflict are reported to be actively recruiting civilians, including\nchildren, to join the conflict and are seeking alliances beyond Sudan\u2019s borders\nwhich have the potential to destabilize the region. Inter-communal violence and\ntargeted attacks along ethnic lines have already been witnessed in some parts of\nthe country. Tensions will only rise as the conflict drags on and forcibly displaced\npopulations and hosting communities compete for limited resources.\n\nEfforts to end hostilities at the regional and international level have not yet been\nsuccessful, and a complete end to the conflict and return to peace looks unlikely\nin the short to medium term, leaving millions of people in an increasingly difficult\nsituation in the country.\n\nIt is widely reported that serious human rights violations in Sudan have been\nobserved including, but not limited to, targeted or indiscriminate killing of civilians,\nconflict-related sexual violence, extra-judicial killings, forced conscription and\nrecruitment of children. These violations are in addition to particular protection\nissues stemming from violations of the civilian character of sites hosting forcibly\ndisplaced people. The parties to the conflict have also imposed movement\n\n\n_[1 IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix: Monthly Displacement Overview (07), March 2024: Home | Displacement Tracking Matrix](https://dtm.iom.int/)_\n\n_[(iom.int))](https://dtm.iom.int/)_\n_[2 UNHCR data portal : Situation Sudan situation (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nrestrictions in their respective areas of control which have increased concerns for\nthe protection of particularly vulnerable groups like women and children. Civilians\nincluding refugees and asylum-seekers are also experiencing additional challenges\nsuch as the rising cost of living, inflation, lack of access to basic health care\nservices and education and the scarcity of commodities. This has resulted in the\nsteady decline of the socio-economic situation in the country, which is\ncompounded by the impacts of climate change and rising poverty levels.\n\nNevertheless, despite the challenges of the past 12 months, Sudan has kept its\nborders open, welcoming refugees and asylum-seekers to its territory. In 2023,\nclose to 12,000 people mostly from Ethiopia and Eritrea sought international\nprotection in Sudan, of whom nearly 7,200 arrived after April 2023. By endMarch 2024 that number had increased to almost 10,000.\n\nDespite the complex and challenging working environment, UNHCR, the UN\nRefugee Agency, has stayed in the country providing life-saving protection and\nbasic assistance to forcibly displaced and hosting communities in close\ncoordination with the Government and relevant authorities. It has an established\npresence in accessible areas in eastern and southern Sudan and has opened new\noffices in Northern State, near the border with Egypt and in Farchana, Chad, the\nlatter to support cross-border operations into the Darfur region. In other, still\ninaccessible areas, like Kordofan and Khartoum States, UNHCR collaborates with\nlocal partners and community-based protection networks to conduct protection\nmonitoring, identify and refer people with specific needs to specialised services,\ncommunicate with communities and raise awareness on protection issues. In\nthose areas, UNHCR has shifted towards remote working modalities, increasing\nengagement with local partners for protection monitoring and provision of\nprotection and assistance.\n\nThough UNHCR\u2019s prioritized response aims to address immediate life-saving\nneeds and provide safe and inclusive access to essential services, its overall\nobjective is guided by the Global Compact on Refugees which promotes solutions\nand inclusion from the outset of emergencies. UNHCR uses a community-based\napproach to empower communities, enabling access to essential services, basic\nassistance and livelihood opportunities. Aligned to the Global Compact on\nRefugees, UNHCR works with the Government of Sudan and other partners to\nenable inclusion of refugees and asylum-seekers into national systems alongside\nproviding emergency assistance.\n\n\n4 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Key Trends & Figures\n\n\n#### **917,470**\n\nrefugees and asylumseekers hosted in\nSudan\n\n\n#### **219,503**\n\nrefugees and asylumseekers secondarily\ndisplaced in Sudan\n\n\n\nPROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n#### **510,928**\n\nrefugees returned to\ntheir country of origin\n\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners have been mapping the secondary movements of\nrefugees and asylum-seekers in Sudan and into neighbouring countries. The\nestimation of internal movements shows that Ethiopian and Eritrean refugees and\nasylum-seekers moved mainly to eastern states of Al-Jazirah, Gedaref and\nKassala, while South Sudanese refugees and asylum-seekers moved to White Nile\nState. UNHCR has also noted some movements of South Sudanese and Ethiopian\nrefugees and asylum-seekers from Khartoum northwards, albeit in smaller\nnumbers.\n\n\n**SECONDARY DISPLACEMENT OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN SUDAN**\n\n\n_Source: UNHCR, COR \u2013 15 April 2024_\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nBy end-March 2024, UNHCR had also recorded over 510,000 refugees, many of\nthem unregistered, who had returned to their countries of origin under adverse\nconditions. The majority have returned to South Sudan, with smaller numbers to\nEthiopia and the Central African Republic. Despite the difficult conditions in\nSudan, the Government has maintained its open-door policy to receive refugees\nand asylum-seekers from other countries.\n\n\n**POPULATION MOVEMENTS TO NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES (AS OF 15 APRIL 2024)**\n\n\n_Source: UNHCR \u2013 15 April 2024_\n\n\n6 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\nSince January 2023, over 14,500 refugees and asylum-seekers, mostly from\nEthiopia and Eritrea, sought asylum in Sudan, with close to 10,000 arriving since\nthe start of the conflict until end-March 2024.\n\nThe graph below shows the gender disaggregation of refugees and asylumseekers arriving after April 2023, showing a higher proportion of females arriving\nin Sudan in the last year.\n\n\n\n|REFUGEE AND ASYLUM-SEEKER ARRIVAL TRENDS (APRIL 2023-MARCH 2024)|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|
**606**
**527**
**588**
**443**
**1,349**
**655**
**795**
**1,611**
**723**
**966**
**1,051**
**641**
** -**
** 200**
** 400**
** 600**
** 800**
** 1,000**
** 1,200**
** 1,400**
** 1,600**
** 1,800**
Male
Female|
**606**
**527**
**588**
**443**
**1,349**
**655**
**795**
**1,611**
**723**
**966**
**1,051**
**641**
** -**
** 200**
** 400**
** 600**
** 800**
** 1,000**
** 1,200**
** 1,400**
** 1,600**
** 1,800**
Male
Female|\n\n\n_Source: UNHCR_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n### Protection Risks\n\n\n**1.** **Risks resulting from on-going military hostilities, including violations of**\n**International Humanitarian Law (IHL) by parties to the conflict**\n\nSince the start of the conflict, **civilians including refugees and asylum-seekers**\n**have been caught in the crossfire** resulting in many **deaths and injuries** . According\nto data collected by Armed Conflict and Event Data Project (ACLED) [3], by endMarch 2024 at least 14,790 people had been killed due to the fighting. This\nincludes more than 7,000 civilians, including many women and children. In\naddition, WHO reported 62 attacks on health care facilities, leading to 38 deaths\nand 45 injuries. [4] However, the number of deaths is likely significantly larger as\nmany casualties have not been admitted nor reported to health facilities across\nSudan.\nUNHCR protection monitoring analysis [5] indicates that in the Darfur region there\nhave been **targeted and deliberate attacks on civilians** including internally\ndisplaced people and specific ethnic groups. Reports **of conflict-related sexual**\n**violence,** kidnapping, looting, extortion and other forms of violence, particularly in\nhot-spot conflict areas such as the Darfur region are frequent. Towards the end of\n2023, there were reports of **ethnically motivated killings of civilians**, increasing\ntensions in an already fragile area.\n\nThe conflict has also left **significant number of refugees and asylum-seekers**\n**stranded**, unable to access humanitarian assistance or find means to relocate to\nsafer areas. UNHCR and partner reports indicate that refugees continue to suffer\nfrom the shelling and lack of assistance in conflict hotspots. There have been\nreports that refugees have been hindered from leaving conflict areas particularly\nat check points, with some forced to return after harassment and looting of their\nbelongings. The **restriction in freedom of movement** has forced people to take\nalternative risky routes to flee conflict zones, leading to an increase in the\nfrequency of forcibly displaced people using smugglers to seek safety also beyond\nSudan\u2019s borders.\n\nUNHCR protection monitoring reports indicate **violations of the civilian character**\n**of asylum** which negatively impacts the physical security and safety of forcibly\ndisplaced people and render sites hosting the displaced including refugees\nvulnerable to attack. There are reports alleging that parties to the conflict have\nbeen attempting to recruit refugees from camps. In West Kordofan, according to\nauthorities, there has been an increase in the **recruitment and training of refugees**\n**and asylum-seekers** . As a core part of its advocacy efforts to promote the safety\nand security of the civilian population, including refugees, UNHCR has worked\n\n\n_[3 ACLED (2024), data generated from Country Hub: Sudan (acleddata.com)](https://acleddata.com/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/)_\n_[4 OCHA, Sudan Humanitarian Update (25 March 2024), Sudan Humanitarian Update (25 March 2024) [EN/AR] - Sudan | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-25-march-2024-enar)_\n_[5 UNHCR, Sudan | Protection Brief (Darfur Region) - October 2023; https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103953](https://data/)_\n\n\n8 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5746615529060364, - "start": 179, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8932772874832153, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Darfur region", - "confidence": 0.791379988193512, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6061736345291138, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5007606744766235, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ACLED", - "confidence": 0.7615405917167664, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8927726745605469, - "start": 545, - "end": 546 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8706601858139038, - "start": 536, - "end": 537 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5627540349960327, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\nwith Commission of Refugees (COR) and relevant authorities to stress the\nimportance of preserving the civilian character of asylum.\n\nThe situation in conflict zones is exacerbated by the weakening or **breakdown of**\n**law and order** resulting in armed groups committing extortion and burglaries with\nimpunity, exposing the forcibly displaced population to further protection risks.\nThere are also reports of **wide distribution of weapons** which also contributes to\ncriminal activities, affecting civilians including refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n**2.** **Grave violations of children\u2019s rights**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring analysis indicates that due to their vulnerability\nand age, children have suffered disproportionately from the conflict in Sudan.\nChildren have been separated from their families, have had to engage in child\nlabour, or are forced into early marriage and recruitment. Both parties to the\nconflict are reported to be involved in recruiting children into the conflict, which\nhas also resulted in casualties among children. Reports reveal that in the Kordofan\nregion and areas near Khartoum, unaccompanied and separated children are\nparticularly targets for recruitment due to their vulnerability.\n\nIn the Darfur region, instances of recruitment of children by different armed\ngroups were reported, including more than 60 children recruited across Kebkabiya\nand Kutum localities and reportedly at least seven were recruited in Tawila\nlocality. In North Darfur, children are reported to have joined training camps. The\nrecruitment campaign\u2019s success is attributed to the closure of schools and the lack\nof alternative livelihood opportunities. [6]\n\nThe conflict has also resulted in disruption of learning country wide. Some 19\nmillion children in Sudan are out of school which includes over 400,000 refugee\nchildren. Most schools are accommodating forcibly displaced people which further\naggravates protection risks for children.\n\nIn many of the cities and towns hosting newly forcibly displaced populations an\nincreased concentration of children in market areas are visible. Children engage in\npetty jobs like selling water and washing dishes and are exposed to heightened\nrisks of exploitation, mistreatment and abuse. Similarly begging in the streets by\nchildren is reported to be more frequent than it was prior to the conflict.\n\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s observations and reports shared by partners, many\nchildren are separated from their usual caregivers or are unaccompanied and in\nneed of alternative care arrangements. These factors, together with the\nfragmentation of family structures caused by widespread displacement, death and\ninjury of civilians also appear to be driving a rise in the reported prevalence of\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n_[6 UNHCR, Sudan | Protection Brief (Darfur Region) - October 2023; Document - Sudan | Protection Brief (Darfur Region) - October](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103953)_\n\n_[2023 (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103953)_\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nIn informal sites hosting the forcibly displaced, there are limited vocational\ntraining and livelihood opportunities for children transitioning to adulthood,\ninsufficient specialized psychosocial support for young survivors of gender-based\nviolence, all of which detrimentally impacts the development and well-being of\nchildren.\n\n**3.** **Prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence and gender-based violence**\n\nA high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) including conflict-related\nsexual violence (CRSV) has been reported during the conflict [7] . Reports also\nindicate that parties to the conflict have disproportionately targeted women and\ngirls with sexual assaults including rape and sexual slavery and abuse. In addition,\nthe conflict has also disrupted prevention, risk mitigation, response programming\nand referral mechanisms established prior to the conflict, which leaves survivors\nwith few options for redress. The absence of authorities to curb the abuse and\nlimited access in conflict-affected states, shortage of supplies and limited\navailability of specialized GBV services continue to be the most pressing\nchallenges. [8]\n\nGBV remains severely under-reported as survivors face difficulties accessing\nservices due to continued hostilities or out of fear of retaliation or stigma. Data\ncollected by Armed Conflict and Event Data Project (ACLED), indicates an\nincreasing number of CRSV related incidences as of end of March 2024 [9] . In the\nearly months of the conflict, there were reports of refugee and asylum-seeker\nwomen raped in their homes or in transit as they were moving away from conflict\nzones. Women and girls in North Darfur have also reported significant risks,\nincluding incidents or rape, while attending to agricultural activities.\n\nIn East Darfur, there are increasing reports of gender-based violence incidents,\nparticularly from refugee communities. For example, it was reported that two\nteenage refugee girls were abducted from their settlement in El Daein locality and\nraped by armed men. In another incident, three women from a refugee settlement\nwere reportedly raped and multiple reports of incidents of physical assault,\nharassment and intimidation by armed groups have been received.\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection monitoring reports, forcibly displaced women\nface increased risks of sexual and gender-based violence. Conflict, food insecurity\ncoupled with limited livelihood opportunities in camps and settlements heightens\nthe risks of intimate partner violence, sexual exploitation and resorting to harmful\ncoping mechanisms. Women and girls reported scarcity of food as a contributing\nfactor to increased levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the camps settings.\n\n\n_7 OHCHR (30 November 2013) Report on Human Rights Situation in Darfur;_\n\n_[ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/SD/UNAMID_OHCHR_situation_Darfur2013.pdf](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/SD/UNAMID_OHCHR_situation_Darfur2013.pdf)_\n_8_ _[Document - UNHCR Protection Brief \u2013 Sudan \u2013 June 2023](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101097)_\n_[9 ACLED (2024), data generated from Country Hub: Sudan (acleddata.com)](https://acleddata.com/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/)_\n\n\n10 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\nThe severe underfunding across sectors continues to create gaps in assistance and\nservice delivery and has particularly contributed to increased risks of GBV against\nwomen and girls. Early and forced marriage in exchange for dowry payments is\nalso reportedly on the rise due to difficulties that particularly refugee households\nface to engage in livelihood activities and meet their basic needs. GBV risks are\nfurther increased by various external factors such as inadequate lighting, limited\naccess to energy or water, forcing women and girls to walk long distances, lack of\nsufficient gender-segregated latrines, and limited access to specialised GBV\nservices. The situation is exacerbated by the deterioration of the socio-economic\nsituation and limited humanitarian assistance which could also expose women and\ngirls to sexual exploitation and abuse risks or force them to resort to harmful\ncoping mechanisms.\n\n**4.** **Return in adverse circumstances**\n\nSince the outbreak of conflict, refugees and asylum-seekers have reported feeling\nheightened anxiety about the impact of the conflict on their safety in Sudan. They\nare faced with increasing economic hardship due to the loss of livelihoods,\nreduced employment opportunities and disruptions to the banking system which\nhave affected their ability to receive remittances from abroad. These factors have\nled refugees and asylum-seekers to undertake self-organized spontaneous returns\nto their countries of origin, including reportedly by hiring smugglers to facilitate\ntheir onward movement.\n\nBy end-March 2024, more than 510,000 people had spontaneously returned to\ntheir countries of origin under adverse circumstances. The majority of those who\nhave returned, in particular South Sudanese, were not previously registered as\nrefugees in Sudan. Most of the returns (97%) have been to South Sudan with\nfewer returns to Ethiopia and the Central African Republic. In Blue Nile State, the\nauthorities facilitated the issuance of travel permits for more than 200 refugees to\nrepatriate spontaneously to Ethiopia following the deterioration of security and\nlack access to services.\n\n\nIn line with the guidance issued in April 2019 UNHCR does not facilitate refugee\nreturns to South Sudan [10] . Nevertheless, some 37,000 South Sudanese refugees\nhave requested UNHCR support to facilitate their return to South Sudan.\nAccording to UNHCR reports, the majority of the refugees requesting such\nfacilitation live in Darfur (56%) and Kordofan (39%) states. The main push factors\ncited are insecurity (e.g. arrests, assault, killings, and GBV), lawlessness, and\nlimited access to basic services and assistance like food and health care.\n\n\nIn September 2023, following reports of spontaneous returns of Ethiopian\nrefugees from Gedaref and Blue Nile States to Ethiopia, UNHCR conducted an\n\n\n_10 UNHCR position on Return to South Sudan - Update II_\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nintention survey among Ethiopian refugees in Gedaref State, where 64% of the\ntotal respondents expressed interest to return to Ethiopia in the foreseeable\nfuture (6-12 months), 28% did not want to return while 8% of the respondents\nwere undecided. In Blue Nile State, UNHCR jointly with COR conducted an\nintention survey in which 500 refugees expressed the intention to return to\nEthiopia.\n\nAn assessment conducted by WFP with newly displaced people hosted by\nrelatives in Kassala and Gedaref States found that the influx of IDPs into these\nstates had created a food security crisis, manifested by a sharp rise in food\ninsecurity among both the IDP and host populations, and a decrease in the\navailability and affordability of food, pushing many individuals into extreme\nhunger, which is seen to contribute to refugees\u2019 intention to return in adverse\ncircumstances.\nIn the Kordofan and White Nile States the influx of IDPs, the prolonged conflict\nand limited access to basic services and humanitarian assistance is fuelling\nresentment and tension between host communities and forcibly displaced\npopulations. Refugees are among the most affected by the resentment and\ntensions due to resource depletion and increasing poverty.\n\nIn some areas local authorities are also calling for strict application of the\nencampment policies and relocation of refugees to established camps. For\nexample, in Northern State local officials requested all foreign nationals including\nrefugees and asylum-seekers to pay 120,000 SDG (approx. US$ 100) for the right\nto reside in the town. This is not only an exorbitant amount, which most people\ncannot afford to pay, but also a factor encouraging irregular movements out of\nthe country, placing those at further protection risks in the neighbouring\ncountries.\n\n\n**5.** **Violations of human rights law, including arbitrary arrest and detentions,**\n**deportations, restrictions to freedom of movement and smuggling and**\n**trafficking**\n\n_**Restrictions to freedom of movement**_\nThere are no official asylum policy changes adopted by Sudan [11] . However, there\nhas been a rapid and significant deterioration in the protection context in Sudan\nfor forcibly displaced people, particularly refugees and asylum-seekers. The\nconflict has displaced refugees and asylum-seekers often multiple times increasing\ntheir protection risks. In addition, the conflict has prompted the strict\nimplementation of Sudan\u2019s encampment policy and its reservation to Article 26 of\n\n\n_11_ _Sudan is a party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (hereinafter jointly the 1951_\n\n_Convention) with a reservation on article 26 relating to freedom of movement for refugees. Sudan is party to the 1969 OAU Convention_\n_Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention) but has not ratified the AU Convention for the_\n_Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention). Sudan adopted the ICGLR Declaration on_\n_Eradication of Statelessness in the Great Lakes Region in 2017. In addition, the two ICGLR Protocols on IDPs (Protocol on the Protection_\n_and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons 2006) are legally binding for_\n_Sudan._\n\n\n12 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SUDAN\n\n\nintention survey", - "confidence": 0.8963199257850647, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "intention survey", - "confidence": 0.6089386343955994, - "start": 4, - "end": 6 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.751268208026886, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gedaref State", - "confidence": 0.5996202230453491, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ethiopian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8833394050598145, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.579532265663147, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.7125495076179504, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "newly displaced people", - "confidence": 0.7551249861717224, - "start": 82, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\nthe 1951 Convention \u201c _Provision on freedom of movement_ \u201d. This has led to further\nrestriction of movement out of camps or states of registration, in strict application\nof Article 14 of the Sudan Asylum Act 2014, which also impacts refugees\u2019 and\nasylum-seekers\u2019 ability to engage in livelihood activities.\n\nFurther, the imposing of a State of Emergency in most parts of the country is\nhaving implications on the mobility of both nationals and foreigners as curfews\nand security patrols seems to target foreigners in particular in different places\nleading to increased cases of arrest and detention.\n\nConstraints on freedom of movement, whether formal, informal, or fear-driven\nare common across the Darfur states and have significant negative impacts on\naffected populations. In some areas, generalized insecurity and the vulnerability of\nmarginalized groups culminate in the self-restriction of movement due to fear of\nviolence. Reports from North Darfur in early December 2023 indicated that\narmed elements required the payment of fees by civilians passing checkpoints and\nimposed so-called \u2018protection fees\u2019 to avoid incidents of attacks and looting of\ntheir properties by armed groups. These practices have become relatively\nwidespread. Reports from Central Darfur indicated that the large IDP population\nwas forced to pay \u2018protection fees\u2019 amounting to SDG 3,000 (approx. US$ 2) per\nhousehold in a context of ongoing looting of all basic service facilities, restrictions\non freedom of movement, and ongoing GBV incidents.\n\nIn Red Sea State, the issuance of inter-state travel permits for refugees was\nsuspended, allegedly as a mitigation measure to reduce the instance of refugees\njoining the conflict.\n\n_**Arbitrary arrest and detention, and deportations**_\nArrests of refugees and asylum-seekers were reported in White Nile, Al Jazirah,\nGedaref and River Nile States for alleged association or being members of armed\ngroups, compromising the civilian character of asylum. Lack of, or limited\nhumanitarian assistance, access to basic needs and livelihood opportunities could\nbe key factors which have contributed to the vulnerability of forcibly displaced\npeople to recruitment by armed groups. Large parts of Sudan are in hot-spot\nconflict zones where the living conditions of forcibly displaced people and hosting\ncommunities are dire with very limited assistance or basic services, if any.\n\nThere are unconfirmed reports of some 80 unregistered South Sudanese nationals\nwho were deported by the authorities and another 24 refugee youth detained on\nallegations of active involvement in the conflict.\n\n_**Smuggling and trafficking**_\nMost neighbouring countries\u2019 borders are open with relatively lenient entry\nrequirements for Sudanese. However, crossing into Egypt is becoming\nincreasingly challenging with a strict visa policy and a small daily admission quota\nin addition to increased rate of deportation of Sudanese entering Egypt, on\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reports", - "confidence": 0.7101228833198547, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North Darfur", - "confidence": 0.8508849143981934, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5364882349967957, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP population", - "confidence": 0.7054303884506226, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\ngrounds of illegal entry and lack of documentation as well as overstay beyond the\ninitially granted duration.\n\nAs of April 2024, more than 10,000 individuals were deported from Egypt, 3,679\nof whom were deported in 2024. The inability of people to comply with the rules\nor afford visa fees is forcing IDPs, refugees and asylum-seekers to resort to\nirregular and risky routes into Egypt, often using smugglers and traffickers. In\nFebruary 2024, UNHCR received a report that 15 Sudanese nationals had died in\na road traffic accident after irregularly crossing the border into Egypt.\n\nWith regard to Sudanese deportations, it will be key to implement Sudan\u2019s\nnational action plan on counter-trafficking involving all stakeholders with a human\nrights-based, protection-focused approach based on international frameworks will\nbe key to implement.\n\n\n14 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n### Key Elements of UNHCR\u2019s Protection Response\n\n\n_**Community based approach**_\nProtection monitoring reports reveal that a significant part of the displaced\npopulation has at least one specific need or vulnerability. The most common are\nhaving a chronic medical condition or physical disability, being an unaccompanied\nor separated child or elderly. These vulnerable people are disproportionately\naffected by the conflict and multiple displacements, exposing them to further\nrisks.\n\nWith constrained humanitarian access impacting protection programming,\nUNHCR in Sudan is strengthening the capacity of community-based protection\nnetworks (CBPNs) across the country, establishing community centres in areas of\nrecent displacement, enhancing its communication with communities (CwC)\nthrough various channels to reach out to the most vulnerable populations and\nsupporting community-led projects and organisations. To monitor, track and refer\npeople with specific needs, UNHCR developed a monitoring tool and standard\noperating procedures and pathways to identify and refer people for specific\nservices and assistance.\n\nUNHCR works with 345 community-based protection committees or associations\nrepresenting various groups of forcibly displaced people. UNHCR supports these\ncommunity-based protection networks with training on protection monitoring\nmethodologies and the identification of specific needs. The CBPN\u2019s have been\ninstrumental in identifying, referring, and supporting vulnerable individuals,\nstrengthening communication with communities and building community\nresilience through monitoring and raising awareness on specific areas of\nprotection concern.\n\nUNHCR uses various communication channels to enhance its communication with\n[forcibly displaced populations especially in hard-to-reach areas. UNHCR\u2019s Help](https://help.unhcr.org/)\n[Website provides essential information on protection queries, available services,](https://help.unhcr.org/)\nand contacts, and asylum procedures, rights and duties. UNHCR set up a\nWhatsApp channel for communication with forcibly displaced people which is\navailable in four languages and has proven indispensable to keep communication\nchannels open and understand the situation of refugees and asylum-seekers\nduring the conflict. There are 20 telephone hotlines across the country and a\nUNHCR-WFP inter-agency call centre available for refugees and asylum-seekers\nto obtain information or counselling.\n\nAccountability to Affected Population (AAP) focal points were identified and\ntrained in each office to ensure AAP mainstreaming across all programmes. At\ninter-agency level, UNHCR is an active member of the AAP Working Group and is\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9908437728881836, - "start": 27, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9852926135063171, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9586145877838135, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8183413147926331, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.8554643988609314, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nfocal point for one of the Strategic Priority Plans related to capacity building to\nimprove the response across the country.\n\n_**Strengthening protection systems for women and children**_\nIn accessible states, UNHCR supports unaccompanied and separated children and\ntheir caregivers with material assistance and also conducts best-interest\nprocedures (BIP) for refugee children in eastern and White Nile States. In regions\nnot currently accessible, UNHCR works through CBPNs to identify and refer\nchildren with specific needs for relevant specialised support. Between January\nand April 2024, UNHCR and partners identified and assisted 1,436\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\nIn accessible locations UNHCR ensures GBV survivors receive lifesaving GBV\nresponse services, while in remote and inaccessible areas protection desks and\nCBPNs are key to the referral to available services. Survivors receive psychosocial\nsupport and are referred for legal counselling and/or medical assistance. UNHCR\nand partners continue to carry out awareness raising sessions for refugee and\nasylum-seekers on GBV to sensitize communities to enhance knowledge on GBV\nrisks and where to access services, how to report sexual exploitation and abuse\n(SEA) and where to find Child Protection services.\n\nThrough its local partners, UNHCR provides community awareness raising\nsessions on child protection risks and on the risks of smuggling and trafficking.\nUNHCR works with UNICEF and other child protection actors to coordinate\nidentify, support and refer child protection cases and report other violations\nrelevant to the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Girba field office in Kassala State implemented narrative theatre\napproaches with the community to prevent forced marriage and denial of\nresources. Through this approach, community actors reflect on causes,\nconsequences, and community-based solutions. Frontline workers as well as\nsectors staffs were trained on how to provide support and safely refer GBV\nsurvivors to specialized services using existing GBV referral pathways.\n\nHowever, the overall ability to provide quality protection interventions for women\nand girls affected by GBV including CRSV, is severely hampered by a lack of\naccess to conflict areas and limited resources. UNHCR is committed to increase\ncollaborations with local partners, including women-led organisations (WLOs),\nfacilitating greater collaboration and knowledge sharing as they are critical\npartners for effective humanitarian responses.\n\nUNHCR actively participates in GBV-related working groups and shares analysis\nabout GBV trends to advocate for prioritization of the appropriate response.\nAdditionally, to strengthen case management processes and enhance GBV\nprogramming, staff were trained to use the GBV module in UNHCRs refugee\n\n\n16 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\ndatabase proGres. UNHCR Sudan has been coordinating with UNFPA on the roll\nout of GBVIMS+ in four refugee and asylum-seeker hosting states.\n\n_**Preserving the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and of sites**_\nDue to the conflict, refugees and asylum-seekers have become vulnerable to\nrecruitment by armed groups. Local populations and authorities frequently view\nthem with suspicion, they are often targeted for (perceived) affiliation with or\nsupport for opposing groups. The reports of recruitment of refugees and asylumseekers have triggered significant fears of infiltration and presence of armed\nelements in camps and neighbouring hosting communities.\n\nUNHCR has designed a comprehensive sensitization package tailored to raise\nawareness among refugee and asylum-seeker communities on issues relating to\nthe civilian character of asylum as well as to the State of Emergency. As part of its\nadvocacy, UNHCR is collaborating with COR to disseminate these messages to\npreserve the civilian character of displacement sites and to sensitize refugees to\nthe related risks. Targeted key messages on the civilian nature of asylum and\nconduct during emergency situations were developed and disseminated among\nrefugees.\n\nAdditionally, UNHCR and COR are following up with authorities on reports of\ndetentions and deportations, to verify information and seek solutions. For\nexample, UNHCR is working with COR to increase the level of documentation of\nrefugees as a protection tool.\n\n_**Enhanced border monitoring and coordination**_\nThrough systematic border monitoring and coordination with border officials,\nUNHCR is tracking deportation incidents, producing analytical reports, and\nsharing information with relevant UNHCR offices to inform and advance\nadvocacy. Regular regional cross-border meetings take place to enhance\ncoordination and harmonize advocacy approaches. UNHCR has engaged partners\nto address the various needs of deportees and others stranded at the border, such\nas providing health care or psychosocial support.\n\n_**Cross-border operations**_\nUNHCR is providing life-saving assistance to forcibly displaced people in West\nand Central Darfur states using a cross-border modality from Chad. In 2023,\nalone, close to 38,000 vulnerable forcibly displaced and host community members\nreceived non-food items kits via this channel. UNHCR also participates in interagency missions to the Darfur region conducting protection and programme\nimplementation monitoring.\n\n_**Enhancing registration, refugee status determination and documentation**_\nDue to the conflict, UNHCR prioritized registration, verification and\ndocumentation activities in areas with less exposure for staff and forcibly\ndisplaced to security risks. In the East, reception and registration of newly arriving\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports of\ndetentions and deportations", - "confidence": 0.6563904881477356, - "start": 216, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8995453715324402, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "analytical reports", - "confidence": 0.5774602293968201, - "start": 278, - "end": 280 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5414992570877075, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5141860246658325, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n\nrefugees and asylum-seekers and issuing of the \u201cphoto-slip\u201d is ongoing. Since\nJanuary 2023, UNHCR has registered over 14,500 newly arriving refugees and\nasylum-seekers.\n\nIn Sudan, refugee status determination (RSD) is conducted by the Government of\nSudan through the office of the Commissioner of Refugees (COR) and is\nsupported by UNHCR. Nationals from South Sudan, comprising 70% of refugees\nin Sudan, enjoy prima-facie refugee status. Prior to the conflict, RSD activities\ntook place in Khartoum and in Shagarab, Kassala State. Once the conflict started,\nRSD could only take place in Shagarab where it continues. Between January and\nMarch 2023, COR adjudicated 1,037 asylum cases in Khartoum, while a total of\n1,211 asylum cases were adjudicated in Shagarab by end of 2023.\n\nThe conflict, displacement, looting and vandalism have led to loss and destruction\nof civil documents, making movement and access to essential services challenging.\nIn addition, the national civil registration system and offices were destroyed in the\nconflict, which led to data loss affecting citizens and forcibly displaced people\nalike. UNHCR has advocated for resumption of civil documentation issuance for\nrefugees and asylum-seekers with the authorities to enable access to basic\nservices and enable movement.\n\nIn August 2023 issuing of passport to Sudanese citizens resumed. UNHCR also\nsupports refugees and asylum-seekers to obtain lost or new civil documentation.\nPassports are required to enable access to medical care that is not available in\nSudan.\n\nHowever, challenges remain to issue other civil documents. For example, in White\nNile State, UNHCR together with UNICEF and other partners are advocating for\nthe resumption of birth registration and to reduce or waive birth registration fee\nof SDG 30,000 (approx. USD 20) for refugees.\n\n_**Access to justice and legal aid**_\nUNHCR through its partner provides legal assistance, counselling, sensitization\nand awareness raising sessions on various legal and protection issues to forcibly\ndisplaced people and relevant authorities like law enforcement and the judiciary.\nBetween January and April 2024, more than 2,500 refugees benefitted from the\nlegal counselling and sensitization provided by UNHCR\u2019s legal aid partners.\n\nUNHCR partners also provided legal representation to 840 refugees and asylumseekers mostly arrested and detained, advocating for their timely release. Regular\ndetention monitoring is carried by the lawyers. Legal aid is also provided to\nforcibly displaced people on a range of other issues such as gender-based\nviolence or civil documentations.\n\n\n18 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\n_**Resettlement and complementary pathways**_\nBefore the conflict, UNHCR had planned to submit at least 1,225 refugees for\nresettlement from Sudan to the United States of America and Canada in 2023\nwhile managing a larger caseload of almost 3,000 refugees already submitted in\nprevious years and under consideration by resettlement countries. Until March\n2023, UNHCR had submitted 339 refugees. However, with the start of the\nconflict in April, new submissions were necessarily suspended. To manage\nexpectations and address refugees\u2019 concerns, UNHCR has provided individual\ncounselling. UNHCR continues to advocate with resettlement countries for the\nexpedited processing of cases submitted prior to the conflict.\n\nThough air travel was challenging due to the closure of airports across Sudan, 241\nrefugees departed for resettlement to Canada, Sweden, Australia and the USA in\n2023 through Port Sudan. During the year, another 442 refugees also departed\nfrom Sudan through complementary pathways for admission to third countries,\nbased on family reunification and private sponsorship.\n\nFrom January to March 2024, over 70 refugees originating from Eritrea and\nEthiopia departed to Canada, the USA, Sweden, and Australia. In 2024, UNHCR\nwill continue facilitating resettlement departures in coordination with IOM and\nresettlement states. Regular coordination between the UNHCR Regional Bureau\nand offices in neighbouring countries ensures that information is shared about\nrefugees with an active resettlement case who have crossed borders seeking\nsafety from the conflict to facilitate their access to protection and solutions in\nthird countries.\n\nIn addition, UNHCR has continued to provide practical assistance to individuals in\nSudan who have been granted visas and travel documents for reunification with\nfamily members abroad.\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n### Operational Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\n_**Operational challenges**_\nInsecurity and active conflict are the primary challenges impacting staff safety and\nUNHCR\u2019s work in Sudan. The expansion of the conflict to eastern states,\nincreased security threats and limited humanitarian access, prevented\nhumanitarian organisations from delivering life-saving basic services including\nemergency protection services, clean water, sanitation facilities, health care, and\neducation. Any further expansion of the conflict to Sennar and White Nile States\nwill likely increase access challenges and protection risks. Poor communications\nand connectivity issues during the crisis continue to affect implementation of\nprotection programmes and timely communication with communities.\n\nIn addition, the cost of implementation has increased exponentially, due to\nunavailability of materials, transport and importation challenges. Further, the\nmagnitude of the displacement and geographical size of the country makes it\ndifficult to provide effective protection and deliver critical assistance with limited\nfunding and reduced staffing. The near collapse of public service provision in\nconflict-affected locations, significantly reducing their functionality and their\ncapacity to support forcibly displaced people. The broader breakdown in law and\norder in conflict affected states and absence of law enforcement bodies, is leading\nto the inability to provide protection from armed groups and criminal activities.\n\n_**Opportunities**_\nUNHCR\u2019s response is guided by the principles of the Global Compact on Refugees\n(GCR) to promote solutions and inclusion from the outset of an emergency.\n\nGiven the extent of the political, social and economic crisis, ongoing conflict, the\nbreakdown in the legislative sector and governance, the risk of famine and\nincreasing health concerns, UNHCR will focus on advancing the few opportunities\ntowards attaining the Sustainable Development Goals and stay engaged in\ndevelopment planning processes to ensure the inclusion of forcibly displaced and\nother affected populations. The main opportunities are programmes developed\nunder the _UN Common Approach_ in Sudan aimed at enhancing protection and\nresilience of communities.\n\nIn January 2023, the Government of Sudan launched the National Durable\nSolutions Strategy benefitting forcibly displaced and hosting communities alike by\nincluding them in state and national planning frameworks and systems. The\nstrategy and its implementation at local levels provides opportunities to create\nenabling conditions for forcibly displaced persons to rebuild their lives, break\ncycles of dependency, and to build social structures with hosting communities.\nUNHCR will prioritise support to Government in implementation of area-based\n\n\n20 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN \u2013 APRIL 2024\n\n\ncoordination and state -level strategies to implement this National Durable\nSolutions Strategy, where feasible.\n\nUNHCR is pursuing inclusion of refugees in national systems in the education\nsector following the major shift in 2012 that brought the management of refugee\neducation under the state Ministry of Education. In January 2024, schools began\ngradually re-opening in regions hosting refugees in White Nile and Blue Nile\nStates, initiated by the State Ministry of Education, UNHCR and partners. By endFebruary 2024, over 11,100 refugee children had resumed learning with more\neducational spaces lined up for an opening in eastern Sudan. UNHCR and partners\nwill build on the gains made towards inclusion and general refugee access to\nprimary, secondary and tertiary education.\n\nUNHCR has developed joint country frameworks with FAO, UNICEF and UNDP\nto promote coordination in efforts geared towards advancing inclusion and\nintegration of refugees and asylum-seekers into programme planning and resource\nmobilization efforts. To enhance peaceful co-existence among the forcibly\ndisplaced and host communities, several projects were implemented across the\ncountry that benefit both host communities and the forcibly displaced, such as\nincluding vulnerable host community members in cash-based assistance projects.\nThese are aimed at increasing income, improved food security, nutrition and\nserved to promote social cohesion between forcibly displaced and hosting\ncommunities easing some pressures on scarce resources.\n\n\nUNHCR Sudan / April 2024 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF: SUDAN\n\n### Key Advocacy Messages\n\n\n\n**UNHCR calls on all parties to the conflict to:**\n##### \u25aa De-escalate, return to dialogue and engage constructively to end the conflict\n\n\n\nand minimise the impact of the conflict on civilians.\n##### \u25aa Exert their responsibility and ensure the commitment of all persons and\n\n\n\nfactions acting under their instructions, direction or control to their **core**\n**obligations under International Humanitarian Law (IHL)** . This includes\nrefraining from attacks expected to cause harm to civilians and civilian objects\nand holding accountable those responsible for violating international\nhumanitarian and human rights laws.\n##### \u25aa Allow safe passage to civilians who want to leave areas of active conflict and\n\n\n\nenable civilians\u2019 access to humanitarian assistance.\n##### \u25aa Refrain from mobilizing civilian populations to join the fighting, forced\n\n\n\nrecruitment and child recruitment, and ensure that all persons and factions\nacting under their instructions, direction or control refrain from these\npractices. Respect the civilian character of asylum and refrain from recruiting\nrefugees into their ranks or using refugee camps or facilities for military\npurposes.\n##### \u25aa Afford fair treatment to refugees and asylum-seekers arrested and detained\n\n\n\nfor alleged affiliation to parties to the conflict, a right to trial, due process,\nincluding access to legal representation and free assistance of an interpreter in\ncourt. No person should be deported to their countries in line with the\nprinciple of non-refoulement where their lives and liberties are not\nguaranteed.\n##### \u25aa Promote peaceful co-existence between forcibly displaced people and refrain\n\n\n\nfrom undue pressures on forcibly displaced like threats of eviction.\n##### \u25aa Allow telecommunication network providers to facilitate the restoration of\n\n\n\nnetwork functionality across the country for ease of communication between\nforcibly displaced people and facilitate humanitarian activities.\n\n**UNHCR calls on States to:**\n##### \u25aa Provide more attention and financial resources to support Sudan. The\n\n\n\nreduction in financial resources and associated reduction in assistance is\nexposing the forcibly displaced including refugees and asylum-seekers to\nnegative coping mechanims often leading to protection risks.\n##### \u25aa Apply lenient entry requirements for Sudanese and others fleeing the conflict\n\n\n\nin Sudan by easing or removing these restrictions and refrain from deporting\nthose forced to flee back to Sudan, which is affected by armed conflict.\n##### \u25aa Implement additional safeguards for unimpeded humanitarian access in\n\n\n\nconflict areas, safe passage of humanitarian convoys carrying essential\nsupplies, like food and medical supplies and the enhanced protection of\nhumanitarian workers.\n\n\n\n22 UNHCR Sudan / April 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d87b1be7-69c3-42fb-95cf-413e56b215c0/Protection%20Brief%20%20Sudan%20-%201%20year.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_552/raw/doc_552_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_552/raw/doc_552_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3bf3d949d8ea47c66a0862baeb5a036781a80049..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_552/raw/doc_552_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Introducci\u00f3n\n\nEl desplazamiento interno en Colombia ha afectado a m\u00e1s de 8,7 millones de personas,\ndesde 1985 [1] . Desde 1997, a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 387, el Estado colombiano ha venido\ndesarrollando un amplio marco legal de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica y jurisprudencia constitucional, y\nha implementado m\u00faltiples medidas humanitarias, pol\u00edticas y financieras para responder\na una crisis humanitaria que sigue vigente, dada la continuidad del conflicto armado y la\nreconfiguraci\u00f3n de la violencia en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nEn 2004 tuvo lugar un hito fundamental para la protecci\u00f3n de los derechos de la\npoblaci\u00f3n desplazada. Debido al reclamo de 1.105 familias internamente desplazadas,\nque acudieron a la acci\u00f3n de tutela para exigir la protecci\u00f3n de sus derechos a la\ndignidad, vida e integridad, **[la Corte Constitucional promulg\u00f3 la Sentencia T- 025](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2004/t-025-04.htm)**,\ndeclarando un **Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional (ECI)**, que enfatiza el deber del\nEstado de ofrecer protecci\u00f3n integral para toda la poblaci\u00f3n v\u00edctima de este delito\nen Colombia.\n\n\nLa Sentencia T- 025 ha generado las bases para fortalecer la protecci\u00f3n y promoci\u00f3n de\nlos derechos de las personas internamente desplazadas, convirti\u00e9ndose de esta manera\nen un referente mundial para la atenci\u00f3n al desplazamiento interno forzado. Desde su\nexpedici\u00f3n, ha tenido efectos significativos en el desarrollo del marco legal y de pol\u00edtica\np\u00fablica, incidiendo en la expedici\u00f3n de la Ley de V\u00edctimas y Restituci\u00f3n de Tierras **[(Ley](https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=43043)**\n**[1448/2011](https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=43043)** ) y la creaci\u00f3n de institucionalidad para su materializaci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, tuvo una\nmarcada influencia en los Acuerdos de Paz de 2016 reconociendo el papel central de las\nv\u00edctimas. La Sentencia ha tenido un impacto transformador, involucrando a m\u00faltiples\nactores en la exigibilidad de los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada,\nfortaleciendo e innovando en los mecanismos de acceso a la justicia y la igualdad.\n\n\n20 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la expedici\u00f3n de esta Sentencia, y a pesar de los m\u00faltiples avances,\npersisten desaf\u00edos importantes para avanzar hacia la prevenci\u00f3n del desplazamiento\ninterno forzado, la protecci\u00f3n integral de la poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada, la no\nrepetici\u00f3n, la reparaci\u00f3n y las soluciones duraderas.\n\n\n**Gr\u00e1fica 1:** Derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada\n\n\nTomada de: Especial de Seguimiento a la Sentencia T-025 de la Corte Constitucional\n\n\n_1 Unidad para las V\u00edctimas, Registro \u00danico de V\u00edctimas (RUV). Consultado en diciembre 2024._\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Contexto operacional\n\n##### 1. Justicia constitucional en contextos de conflicto: aprendizajes de la Sentencia T-025 de 2004 y reflexiones hacia el futuro sobre el desplazamiento forzado interno\n\nEn el marco del trabajo conjunto de ACNUR en Colombia con la Sala de Seguimiento a\nla Sentencia T- 025/04 de la Corte Constitucional, y para conmemorar los 20 a\u00f1os de\ndicha Sentencia, se convoc\u00f3 conjuntamente a un evento acad\u00e9mico internacional,\ndenominado **Justicia constitucional en contextos de conflicto: aprendizajes de la**\n**Sentencia T-025 y reflexiones hacia futuro sobre el desplazamiento forzado interno**\nque tuvo lugar los d\u00edas 23 y 24 de mayo en Bogot\u00e1 [2] . El **objetivo principal** del evento fue\ncontribuir a la respuesta actual al desplazamiento forzado, visibilizar la continuidad del\ndesplazamiento en el pa\u00eds, y hacer aportes para la construcci\u00f3n de soluciones duraderas\npara las personas desplazadas.\n\n\nEn el evento participaron v\u00edctimas de desplazamiento forzado, acad\u00e9micos y expertos\nnacionales e internacionales, funcionarios p\u00fablicos, y sociedad civil. Tambi\u00e9n cont\u00f3 con\nla valiosa participaci\u00f3n de Walter K\u00e4lin, exrepresentante Especial del Secretario General\nde Naciones Unidas para las personas desplazadas internas, Paula Gaviria, actual\nRelatora de Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos de las personas desplazadas\ny Robert Piper, asesor del Secretario General de Naciones Unidas para las soluciones\nduraderas al desplazamiento interno.\n\n\nEl evento se enfoc\u00f3 en el desarrollo de los siguientes **objetivos espec\u00edficos** :\n\n\n - Conmemorar los 20 a\u00f1os de la Sentencia T-025 y reflexionar sobre sus aportes a\nnivel nacional e internacional\n\n\n - Escuchar a las v\u00edctimas y sus aportes para enfrentar los retos que genera el\ndesplazamiento forzado\n\n\n - Reabrir una discusi\u00f3n extensa sobre el desplazamiento, sus retos, soluciones y\nsumar nuevos actores\n\n\n - Abrir la conversaci\u00f3n a otras formas de desplazamiento forzado y reflexionar\nsobre c\u00f3mo pueden servir los aprendizajes de los pasados 20 a\u00f1os en el\nabordaje de nuevos retos frente al desplazamiento forzado interno\n\n\nLa conferencia internacional se desarroll\u00f3 durante dos d\u00edas. El primer d\u00eda, el di\u00e1logo\nestuvo enfocado en el an\u00e1lisis del impacto de la Sentencia desde su promulgaci\u00f3n y\nahora 20 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, resaltando el papel de las v\u00edctimas y de la sociedad civil.\nDurante el evento se destac\u00f3 el rol fundamental de la Corte Constitucional en el\ndesarrollo de est\u00e1ndares nacionales de protecci\u00f3n, al incluir conceptos como el goce\n\n\n_2_ _[Agenda del evento conmemorativo de los 20 a\u00f1os de la Sentencia T-025.](https://derecho.uniandes.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/programa-ultima-version-20-05t.pdf)_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "efectivo de derechos y su medici\u00f3n, a trav\u00e9s de indicadores, las metodolog\u00edas adoptadas\npor la Sala Especial de Seguimiento a la T-025, o el desarrollo comprehensivo del\nenfoque diferencial con \u00f3rdenes espec\u00edficas que reconocen los derechos de los sujetos\nde especial protecci\u00f3n constitucional.\n\n\nEl segundo d\u00eda se abordaron los aprendizajes de Colombia y del mundo para brindar\nsoluciones duraderas al desplazamiento interno, a prop\u00f3sito del llamado del Secretario\nGeneral de Naciones Unidas a tener una _**\u201cAction Agenda\u201d**_ que permita acelerar desde\nel inicio las soluciones duraderas a las situaciones de desplazamiento interno. Tambi\u00e9n\nel evento fue una oportunidad para discutir c\u00f3mo se pueden usar las lecciones\naprendidas de la atenci\u00f3n al desplazamiento por conflicto armado y violencia en\nColombia, en la atenci\u00f3n al desplazamiento por cambio clim\u00e1tico y desastres o factores\nambientales, considerando que este tipo de desplazamiento es multicausal y tiene un\nnexo importante con el desplazamiento forzado por violencia y la m\u00e1s creciente p\u00e9rdida\nde biodiversidad [3] .\n\n\n_Evento conmemorativo de los 20 a\u00f1os de la Sentencia T-025 \u00a9 ACNUR_\n\n\n_3 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, consultar anexo 1._\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 2. Sentencia T-025 de 2004: piedra angular para la protecci\u00f3n de los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada internamente\n\nLa Sentencia T-025 de 2004 visibiliz\u00f3 la problem\u00e1tica del desplazamiento forzado interno\na causa del conflicto armado y la violencia y la respuesta que debe brindar el Estado\npara garantizar los derechos de las personas v\u00edctimas.\n\n\n**Gr\u00e1fica 2:** Elementos para la declaraci\u00f3n del ECI en desplazamiento forzado interno\n\n\nVulneraci\u00f3n masiva\n\nde derechos\nhumanos por\nconflicto armado\n\n\n\nFactores\nestructurales\n\n\n\nNo es\nresponsabilidad de\n\nuna \u00fanica entidad\n\ndel Estado\n\n\n\nAlto volumen de\nacciones de tutela\n\n\nFalta de respuesta\nadecuada del Estado\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n propia\n\n\n\nPara monitorear el cumplimiento de la Sentencia, la Corte Constitucional estableci\u00f3 una\nSala Especial de Seguimiento con competencia para valorar el cumplimiento de sus\n\u00f3rdenes y asegurar que las autoridades acojan las medidas necesarias para garantizar el\ngoce efectivo de los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada internamente, dirigidas a la\nadopci\u00f3n de correctivos y a asegurar niveles m\u00ednimos de protecci\u00f3n, de acuerdo con el\nprincipio constitucional de igualdad.\n\n\nDesde la promulgaci\u00f3n de la Sentencia, la Corte ha emitido diferentes disposiciones\njudiciales conocidas como Autos, con el objetivo de hacer seguimiento al cumplimiento\nde las \u00f3rdenes, pero tambi\u00e9n de revisar la situaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica de los sujetos de especial\nprotecci\u00f3n constitucional v\u00edctimas de desplazamiento interno, tales como ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y\nadolescentes, mujeres, personas con discapacidad, pueblos ind\u00edgenas y\nafrocolombianos, quienes est\u00e1n afectadas desproporcionadamente por el conflicto\narmado y la violencia. De igual manera, los Autos han llamado la atenci\u00f3n sobre la\nnecesidad de prestar especial atenci\u00f3n al avance o retroceso de cada derecho y\ncomponente de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n a las v\u00edctimas de la violencia.\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Para conocer el avance real en la superaci\u00f3n del ECI, por orden de la Corte\nConstitucional, el Gobierno ha propuesto una serie de Indicadores de Goce Efectivo de\nderechos (IGED), a la vez que la Corte eval\u00faa los bloqueos institucionales y las pr\u00e1cticas\ninconstitucionales que no favorecen la garant\u00eda de derechos o no permiten alcanzar los\numbrales para la superaci\u00f3n del ECI en materia de desplazamiento interno.\n\n\n**Gr\u00e1fica 3:** Nivel de avance del seguimiento de la Sentencia despu\u00e9s de 20 a\u00f1os\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nComo reflejado en el gr\u00e1fico ( _ver gr\u00e1fica 3_ ), el Estado colombiano tiene todav\u00eda retos\npara avanzar en los derechos socioecon\u00f3micos y aquellos que conllevan soluciones\nduraderas. De igual manera, el limitado avance en los derechos relacionados con los\ncomponentes de prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y reparaci\u00f3n demuestra la importancia de\ncontinuar fortaleciendo los esfuerzos para evitar acciones que resulten en\ndesplazamientos internos forzados y confinamientos, dar una respuesta efectiva ante las\nemergencias y garantizar la seguridad y la protecci\u00f3n en los procesos de retorno,\nreubicaci\u00f3n o integraci\u00f3n local para lograr soluciones duraderas.\n\n\nCon este panorama, la Corte Constitucional en 2023 propuso cambiar la metodolog\u00eda de\nseguimiento hacia un **enfoque dial\u00f3gico**, teniendo en cuenta que la \u00faltima valoraci\u00f3n\ndel ECI se realiz\u00f3 en 2016 y que, aunque el Gobierno Nacional ha presentado informes\nperi\u00f3dicos, estos en algunas ocasiones no responden a las \u00f3rdenes espec\u00edficas de la\nCorte Constitucional o la informaci\u00f3n que comparten no es concluyente para conocer el\navance o retroceso en la garant\u00eda de derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada.\nDado que no hay un horizonte preciso sobre cu\u00e1ndo se podr\u00eda superar el ECI, la Corte\nha considerado importante conocer la visi\u00f3n del Gobierno y de las v\u00edctimas a trav\u00e9s del\ndi\u00e1logo en audiencias tem\u00e1ticas o sesiones t\u00e9cnicas territoriales, antes de realizar la\nsiguiente evaluaci\u00f3n estructural.\n\n\nEn la labor de acompa\u00f1amiento permanente del proceso de seguimiento, ACNUR\nintervino en las audiencias tem\u00e1ticas que se citaron, en donde se discutieron, entre otros\ntemas, la coordinaci\u00f3n entre naci\u00f3n y territorio, la prevenci\u00f3n del desplazamiento, las\nsoluciones duraderas, la respuesta para los pueblos \u00e9tnicos, entre otros; y ha favorecido\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "la participaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas en el di\u00e1logo con las entidades del nivel nacional. De\nigual manera, ACNUR ha apoyado a la Corte Constitucional en la realizaci\u00f3n de 6\nsesiones t\u00e9cnicas territoriales por componente de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica en Quibd\u00f3, Choc\u00f3\n(prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n); Medell\u00edn, Antioquia (integraci\u00f3n local); Tumaco, Nari\u00f1o\n(retornos y reubicaciones); Mocoa y Puerto As\u00eds, Putumayo (derechos territoriales\n\u00e9tnicos); y Medell\u00edn, Antioquia (rehabilitaci\u00f3n). En estas sesiones han participado l\u00edderes,\nlideresas, el Ministerio P\u00fablico y entidades locales de los territorios m\u00e1s afectados por el\nconflicto armado y la violencia, como estrategia para la verificaci\u00f3n global de avance en\nla implementaci\u00f3n de la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas del desplazamiento\ninterno.\n\n\nA los 20 a\u00f1os de seguimiento de la Sentencia T-025 de 2004, se resalta la importancia\nde esta para renovar todos los esfuerzos que son a\u00fan necesarios, por parte del\nGobierno, de la sociedad civil y de la comunidad internacional para visibilizar el\ndesplazamiento interno forzado y el confinamiento, sus causas estructurales y las\nbarreras para la garant\u00eda de los derechos de las v\u00edctimas.\n\n##### 3. Desplazamiento interno y confinamiento 20 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la Sentencia T-025\n\n\nDesde la firma del Acuerdo de Paz en 2016 se han desplazado alrededor de 1,5 millones\nde personas, de las cuales cerca del 47% lo hicieron en los tres \u00faltimos a\u00f1os [4] . De\nacuerdo con el monitoreo de ACNUR, en 2023 se presentaron 147 desplazamientos\nmasivos, generando m\u00e1s de 60.000 v\u00edctimas, de las cuales casi el 76% pertenecen a\npueblos ind\u00edgenas y comunidades afrocolombianas y cerca de 100.200 personas fueron\nconfinadas, afectando en particular a pueblos ind\u00edgenas. En lo corrido del primer\nsemestre de 2024, se presentaron 84 desplazamientos masivos afectando a m\u00e1s de\n40.000 personas y 61 confinamientos con 56.000 v\u00edctimas, principalmente en los\ndepartamentos de Nari\u00f1o, Choc\u00f3, Cauca, Bol\u00edvar (Magdalena Medio), Guajira y\nAntioquia.\n\n\nLos grupos poblacionales m\u00e1s afectados por estos hechos son los ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y\nadolescentes, mujeres embarazadas o en periodo de lactancia, personas mayores de 60\na\u00f1os y familias monoparentales con menores de edad dentro del n\u00facleo familiar.\n\n\n_[4 Unidad para las v\u00edctimas, Registro \u00danico de V\u00edctimas (RUV). Consultado en diciembre 2024.](https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv/)_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Gr\u00e1fica 4:** Evoluci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de personas confinadas y desplazadas 2020 \u2013 2024\n(enero-junio) [5]\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n propia\n\n\nAl realizar un an\u00e1lisis de eventos masivos entre 2023 y 2024 en el mismo periodo de\ntiempo se evidencia un aumento del 15% de desplazamientos internos masivos y de\n69% de confinamientos, as\u00ed como un incremento del 40% en las personas afectadas por\nestos hechos. En algunos de los departamentos mencionados, se presentaron eventos\nde afectaci\u00f3n m\u00faltiple, entendida esta como aquella en la que se generan\nconfinamientos previos o posteriores a los desplazamientos forzados [6] .\n\n\nLa principal causa del empeoramiento de la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria es la intensificaci\u00f3n de\nlas confrontaciones armadas debido a la presencia de grupos armados no estatales\n(GANE), sus alianzas y expansi\u00f3n y los enfrentamientos entre estos por el control\nterritorial. La ruptura de los ceses al fuego bilaterales entre el Gobierno y los diferentes\nGANE ha influido directamente en el aumento de los combates con la fuerza p\u00fablica en\ndepartamentos como Nari\u00f1o y Cauca.\n\n\nAunado a lo anterior, las cambiantes din\u00e1micas del conflicto armado y la limitada\npresencia civil del Estado en los lugares con emergencias recurrentes, contin\u00faan\nintensificando los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n para la poblaci\u00f3n, tales como las amenazas\ngeneralizadas y homicidios, las restricciones a la movilidad y el reclutamiento y\nutilizaci\u00f3n il\u00edcita de NNA, entre otros.\n\n\nAnte las emergencias humanitarias constantes se presentan barreras para que la\npoblaci\u00f3n pueda acceder a sus derechos, empezando por la toma de declaraci\u00f3n, ya que\nno todos los desplazamientos y confinamientos son declarados, bien sea por bloqueos\ninstitucionales, las restricciones a la movilidad que impiden el acceso de la\ninstitucionalidad a los territorios, las prohibiciones que imponen los GANE de denunciar y\ndeclarar los hechos victimizantes o la desconfianza de la poblaci\u00f3n en la respuesta\n\n\n_[5 ACNUR, Monitoreo ACNUR de Emergencia enero \u2013 junio 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113173)_\n\n\n_[6 Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, consultar: Monitoreo ACNUR de Emergencia enero \u2013 junio 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113173)_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "institucional, lo que estar\u00eda generando un subregistro de los hechos, as\u00ed como limitando\nel acceso a la ruta de atenci\u00f3n y reparaci\u00f3n integral por parte de las v\u00edctimas.\n\n\nSi bien los avances en materia de prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y reparaci\u00f3n son importantes,\npersisten desaf\u00edos significativos para avanzar en soluciones estructurales, superar la\nlimitada capacidad de la institucionalidad para atender emergencias en municipios\ncon bajos recursos para la respuesta en emergencia y activar planes de prevenci\u00f3n\ny protecci\u00f3n.\n\n##### 4. Desplazamiento m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las fronteras nacionales\n\n\nCada vez m\u00e1s personas en el mundo requieren de protecci\u00f3n, llegando a un total de\n122,6 millones de personas desplazadas por la fuerza, de acuerdo con ACNUR [7] . En lo\ncorrido de 2024 se ha registrado la cifra m\u00e1s alta de la historia de personas de\n**nacionalidad colombiana** solicitando el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en\nel mundo, con 392.719 solicitudes presentadas [8] . Esto puede ser consecuencia del\nconflicto armado y la violencia, las persecuciones individuales y las vulneraciones a los\nderechos humanos y hechos que perturban gravemente el orden p\u00fablico en Colombia [9] .\n\n\n**Gr\u00e1fica 5:** Evoluci\u00f3n de las solicitudes del reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nde nacionalidad colombiana a nivel mundial [10]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*Informaci\u00f3n preliminar Elaboraci\u00f3n propia\n\n\nEsta situaci\u00f3n ha conllevado que las personas recurran a alternativas cada vez m\u00e1s\nriesgosas para buscar protecci\u00f3n internacional, incluso iniciando el tr\u00e1nsito hacia\nNorteam\u00e9rica por la peligrosa selva del Dari\u00e9n. Pese a las advertencias realizadas por la\ncomunidad internacional, autoridades paname\u00f1as y colombianas, as\u00ed como los diferentes\n\n\n_[7 ACNUR, Refugee Data Finder. Consultado en diciembre 2024.](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/)_\n\n\n_8 Ibid._\n\n\n_[9 ACNUR, Consideraciones de protecci\u00f3n internacional con respecto a las personas que huyen de Colombia -](https://www.refworld.org/es/pol/polpais/acnur/2023/es/124331)_\n\n_[HCR/PC/COL/2023/01, agosto 2023.](https://www.refworld.org/es/pol/polpais/acnur/2023/es/124331)_\n\n\n_[10 ACNUR, Refugee Data Finder. Consultado en diciembre 2024.](https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/)_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "comunicados y alertas tempranas [11] emitidas por la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo [12] refiriendo las\nreiteradas vulneraciones de derechos y peligros en la zona, y los informes de la\nProcuradur\u00eda General de la Naci\u00f3n sobre los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n al cruzar por el\nDari\u00e9n, los nacionales colombianos utilizan cada vez m\u00e1s esta ruta para salir del pa\u00eds.\nEn 2023 se registr\u00f3 un aumento del 272% en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o 2022 en la\ncantidad de personas colombianas que cruzaron el Dari\u00e9n, ocupando el quinto lugar de\nlas nacionalidades con mayor movimiento en esta zona [13] . La preocupaci\u00f3n ha\naumentado en el 2024 ya que, a corte de enero a junio 2024, el n\u00famero de personas\ncolombianas en tr\u00e1nsito aument\u00f3 un 102% frente al mismo margen de tiempo del a\u00f1o\nanterior [14], convirti\u00e9ndose en la segunda mayor nacionalidad que cruza el Dari\u00e9n despu\u00e9s\nde las personas venezolanas, lo que genera una alerta de incremento abrupto para el\ncierre de a\u00f1o.\n\n\n_Puerto mar\u00edtimo Necocl\u00ed, Antioquia \u00a9 ACNUR_\n\n\n_[11 Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, Alerta temprana binacional Colombia y Panam\u00e1, abril 2023. Consultado en diciembre 2024.](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/documents/20123/2135470/ALERTA+TEMPRANA+BINACIONAL+PANAMA-COLOMBIA+FINAL+0804231.pdf+%28+firmada%29.pdf/553cbd0c-f7e5-3383-4c1f-5e4042837f71?t=1681318485730)_\n\n\n_[12 Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, M\u00e1s de 520.000 personas migrantes atravesaron la selva del Dari\u00e9n en el 2023. Consultado en](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/-/m%C3%A1s-de-520.000-personas-migrantes-atravesaron-la-selva-del-dari%C3%A9n-en-el-2023)_\n\n_diciembre 2024._\n\n\n_[13 Migraci\u00f3n Panam\u00e1, Tr\u00e1nsito irregular de extranjeros por la frontera con Colombia 2022 y 2023. Consultado en diciembre](https://www.migracion.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/IRREGULARES_POR_DARIEN_DICIEMBRE_2022.pdf)_\n\n_2024._\n\n\n_[14 Migraci\u00f3n Panam\u00e1, Tr\u00e1nsito irregular de extranjeros por la frontera con Colombia 2024. Consultado en diciembre 2024.](chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/www.migracion.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/IRREGULARES-POR-DARIEN-NOV.pdf)_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Oportunidades y desaf\u00edos\n\n##### Oportunidades\n\n\n - A 20 a\u00f1os de la promulgaci\u00f3n de la Sentencia m\u00e1s relevante para los derechos\nde la poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada en Colombia, el evento internacional\nacad\u00e9mico **Justicia constitucional en contextos de conflicto: aprendizajes**\n**de la Sentencia T-025 y reflexiones hacia futuro sobre el desplazamiento**\n**forzado interno** contribuy\u00f3 a poner nuevamente con fuerza esta prioridad en la\nagenda p\u00fablica, la sociedad, la academia y la comunidad internacional para\nbuscar soluciones conjuntas e innovadoras.\n\n - La nueva metodolog\u00eda de seguimiento establecida por la Corte Constitucional es\nuna gran oportunidad para que, a trav\u00e9s de espacios de di\u00e1logo y visitas\nterritoriales, se avance en la b\u00fasqueda conjunta de soluciones eficaces, ya que\npermite recoger las lecciones aprendidas en estos a\u00f1os y realizar las\nmodificaciones necesarias para estar m\u00e1s cerca de la superaci\u00f3n del ECI.\n\n - ACNUR apoy\u00f3 la implementaci\u00f3n de la 4 [ta] **Encuesta Nacional de Verificaci\u00f3n**\n**de los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada** realizada por la Comisi\u00f3n de\nSeguimiento a la Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica sobre Desplazamiento Forzado, que muestra\nlos importantes avances realizados en algunos derechos y los retos en derechos\nrelacionados con soluciones duraderas. Esta encuesta es una ventana de\noportunidad para prestar atenci\u00f3n a los componentes que se encuentran en\nniveles m\u00e1s bajos, como los componentes relacionados con vivienda y\ngeneraci\u00f3n de ingresos, en donde se requieren esfuerzos adicionales de las\ninstituciones para mejorar y enfocar la respuesta integral al desplazamiento, con\nenfoque de soluciones duraderas.\n\n - El pa\u00eds cuenta con una amplia experiencia para atender a la poblaci\u00f3n\ninternamente desplazada, as\u00ed como con pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, normativa e\ninstituciones fuertes, y principalmente con v\u00edctimas y organizaciones de la\nsociedad civil empoderadas que han impulsado la garant\u00eda de derechos con el\napoyo de la comunidad internacional. Es crucial aprovechar esta capacidad para\nbuscar alternativas eficientes y eficaces que permitan avanzar en la superaci\u00f3n\ndel ECI.\n\n - Las modificaciones a la Ley de V\u00edctimas y Restituci\u00f3n de Tierras, y la posibilidad\nde racionalizar y simplificar la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n, pueden\nser una oportunidad para concretar acciones y priorizar recursos, as\u00ed como para\nlograr mayor articulaci\u00f3n del Sistema de Atenci\u00f3n y Reparaci\u00f3n a V\u00edctimas con el\nSistema Integral para la Paz.\n\n - El Gobierno Nacional, en cabeza del Departamento Nacional de Planeaci\u00f3n\n(DNP), la Unidad para las V\u00edctimas (UARIV) y el Departamento para la\nProsperidad Social (DPS), est\u00e1 trabajando sobre la formulaci\u00f3n de un\ndocumento de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica (documento CONPES) a 10 a\u00f1os, sobre las\nsoluciones duraderas al desplazamiento interno.\n\n - El impacto de la Sentencia T-025 evidencia el rol determinante del sistema\njudicial para la visibilizaci\u00f3n, la promoci\u00f3n y exigencia de derechos humanos, a\ntrav\u00e9s del seguimiento como mecanismo efectivo de protecci\u00f3n para la poblaci\u00f3n\ninternamente desplazada. Sin duda, la continuidad de la Sala de Seguimiento\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refleja el compromiso de la Corte Constitucional para continuar con la exigencia\nde los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada.\n\n##### Desaf\u00edos\n\n\n - El desaf\u00edo m\u00e1s retador, a pesar de la voluntad del Gobierno Nacional de avanzar\nen la b\u00fasqueda de la paz y las soluciones duraderas, es la persistencia,\ntransformaci\u00f3n e intensificaci\u00f3n del conflicto armado y la baja capacidad estatal\npara brindar respuestas eficaces en aquellos municipios con baja asignaci\u00f3n de\nrecursos y con alta tasa de emergencias humanitarias.\n\n - Es necesario continuar fortaleciendo la respuesta del Estado para la prevenci\u00f3n\nde las causas de desplazamientos y confinamientos, por lo que es necesario\nasegurar que se redefina la pol\u00edtica de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n, tal y como fuera\nordenado por la Corte Constitucional, as\u00ed como la necesidad de contar con una\nruta integral para la atenci\u00f3n al confinamiento.\n\n - Los hogares de poblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada a\u00fan enfrentan altos \u00edndices\nde pobreza extrema, lo que dificulta la superaci\u00f3n de su condici\u00f3n de\nvulnerabilidad. El principal desaf\u00edo ser\u00e1 encontrar formas novedosas para que la\npoblaci\u00f3n internamente desplazada pueda generar ingresos de forma sostenible.\nSin avances en la redefinici\u00f3n de este componente de la pol\u00edtica, no ser\u00e1 posible\navanzar en la superaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad y las soluciones duraderas.\n\n - A pesar del incremento presupuestal en los recursos para la atenci\u00f3n a las\nv\u00edctimas en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, los fondos siguen siendo insuficientes para reparar\na todas las v\u00edctimas del conflicto. Es fundamental priorizar la respuesta del\nEstado para las v\u00edctimas, focalizar su atenci\u00f3n y buscar alternativas novedosas\npara lograr la financiaci\u00f3n requerida para que las v\u00edctimas del desplazamiento\npuedan ver restablecidos sus derechos.\n\n\n_Guardianes del Mangle, Turbo, Antioquia \u00a9 ACNUR_\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Llamado a la acci\u00f3n\n\nA 20 a\u00f1os desde que la Corte Constitucional asumi\u00f3 la defensa de los derechos de la\npoblaci\u00f3n desplazada internamente, es de vital importancia hacer correctivos que le\npermitan al Estado colombiano en su conjunto superar las barreras estructurales que\nimpiden el goce efectivo de los derechos de esta poblaci\u00f3n. Desde la perspectiva de\nACNUR, lo anterior requiere:\n\n\n - Continuar con el apoyo a la Corte Constitucional para el seguimiento de la\nsuperaci\u00f3n del ECI de cara a la persistencia de confinamientos y\ndesplazamientos internos, con impactos significativos en territorios \u00e9tnicos.\n\n - Trabajar articuladamente para que la Sala de Seguimiento contin\u00fae acerc\u00e1ndose\na los territorios, generando di\u00e1logos entre la institucionalidad y la poblaci\u00f3n\nv\u00edctima del desplazamiento interno y el confinamiento.\n\n - Mantener la visibilidad del desplazamiento interno y el confinamiento en la\nagenda p\u00fablica y de la Comunidad Internacional, teniendo de presente que el\nconflicto armado contin\u00faa, se transforma y se ha intensificado desde la firma del\nAcuerdo de Paz de 2016.\n\n - Emplear estrategias para renovar el compromiso estatal con la superaci\u00f3n del\nECI, asegurando que las personas internamente desplazadas est\u00e1n en el centro\nde las acciones y no solo de las discusiones.\n\n - Adaptar las estrategias a las cambiantes din\u00e1micas del conflicto armado y las\nnecesidades actuales de las personas internamente desplazadas, priorizando un\nenfoque de prevenci\u00f3n del desplazamiento y de avance hacia soluciones\nduraderas. Teniendo en cuenta que, si bien hay avances significativos en varios\ncomponentes de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, el ECI no se ha superado pese a los esfuerzos\ne inter\u00e9s del Gobierno Nacional, la Corte Constitucional, la sociedad civil, la\ncomunidad internacional y las v\u00edctimas.\n\n - Apoyar t\u00e9cnicamente al Estado para implementar estrategias diversas, revisando\nlas experiencias significativas y lecciones aprendidas en estos 20 a\u00f1os,\ninvolucrando a las v\u00edctimas, la sociedad civil, la comunidad internacional y la\nacademia de cara a la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones duraderas buscando materializar\nlos derechos, que se garanticen recursos suficientes y capacidad de reacci\u00f3n en\nterritorios donde las emergencias humanitarias son recurrentes a pesar de que\nColombia tiene marco legal robusto, un desarrollo jurisprudencial garantista y\nuna institucionalidad fuerte para dar respuesta al desplazamiento forzado.\n\n - Acompa\u00f1ar los esfuerzos del Estado para desarrollar nuevas herramientas de\npol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, a trav\u00e9s de un documento CONPES, que permita avanzar en\nsuperar los retos estructurales que han impedido que la poblaci\u00f3n internamente\ndesplazada pueda encontrar soluciones duraderas a su situaci\u00f3n.\n\n - Promover respuestas integrales y aceleradas a las situaciones de\ndesplazamiento interno con un enfoque de soluciones duraderas, promoviendo\ntransformaciones reales en los territorios, el fortalecimiento de las capacidades\nde las comunidades y del gobierno propio de los pueblos \u00e9tnicos, y asegurando\nque la respuesta se brinda con base en un enfoque que reconoce la diversidad.\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Anexo\n\n##### Anexo 1: Justicia constitucional en contextos de conflicto: aprendizajes de la Sentencia T-025 y reflexiones hacia el futuro sobre el desplazamiento forzado interno \u2013 Temas destacados\n\nDurante el evento internacional acad\u00e9mico desarrollado en mayo de 2024, para\nconmemorar los 20 a\u00f1os de la Sentencia T-025, se destacaron los siguientes temas:\n\n\n - Se resalt\u00f3 el impacto de la Sentencia T-024 de 2004 para las v\u00edctimas en el\nmomento de su expedici\u00f3n, y para la sociedad en general, destac\u00e1ndose el rol\nfundamental de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia al haber reconocido la crisis\nde desplazamiento forzado como una violaci\u00f3n masiva y continua de los\nderechos fundamentales de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada, as\u00ed como su rol al\nintroducir el concepto de **\"goce efectivo de derechos\"**, insistiendo en que las\npol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas deben garantizar no solo el reconocimiento te\u00f3rico de los\nderechos, sino su efectiva realizaci\u00f3n en la vida de las personas afectadas. De\nacuerdo con los asistentes, la Sentencia impuls\u00f3 un fortalecimiento del marco\npol\u00edtico y legal, obligando al Estado a dise\u00f1ar e implementar programas y\nproyectos espec\u00edficos para atender a las v\u00edctimas del desplazamiento forzado.\n\n - Se hizo referencia al rol que ha desempe\u00f1ado la Sala Especial de Seguimiento\na la T-025, resaltando la importancia de la Sentencia al marcar un hito estructural\nal judicializar la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica sobre el desplazamiento forzado en Colombia,\nreconocer la violaci\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica e integral de derechos de aproximadamente el\n17% de la poblaci\u00f3n colombiana y mantener durante 20 a\u00f1os el esfuerzo del\nseguimiento a trav\u00e9s de los diferentes Autos que han marcado las pautas para la\nvaloraci\u00f3n del esfuerzo desarrollado por las diferentes autoridades nacionales y\nlocales para superar la declaratoria del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional.\n\n - En el panel **El desplazamiento forzado como desigualdad y la Constituci\u00f3n**\n**como remedio**, se dio un di\u00e1logo y an\u00e1lisis desde la mirada de la academia. La\nSentencia T-025/04 fue considerada como un ejemplo de constitucionalismo\ntransformador, ofreciendo buenas pr\u00e1cticas para el debate global sobre la\njusticiabilidad de los derechos econ\u00f3micos, sociales y culturales (DESC). De\nacuerdo con los panelistas, esta sentencia se destaca por su interpretaci\u00f3n de la\ndesigualdad y la pobreza como d\u00e9ficits estructurales que deben ser abordados\nmediante una protecci\u00f3n judicial activa y un seguimiento constante. La T-025/04\nha sido un referente para la jurisprudencia internacional y regional, promoviendo\nla integraci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares de derechos humanos y el monitoreo judicial como\nmecanismos efectivos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n - Uno de los aportes principales de la T-024/04 ha sido el an\u00e1lisis y desarrollo de\n\u00f3rdenes espec\u00edficas para garantizar los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada,\ncon enfoques diferenciales desarrollados ampliamente. En el di\u00e1logo sobre el\nenfoque de g\u00e9nero que se desarroll\u00f3 durante el evento, con participaci\u00f3n desde\nla sociedad civil, la academia y las mujeres que han tenido un rol fundamental en\nla Sentencia, se destac\u00f3 el impacto del conflicto armado en las mujeres y las\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "poblaciones en mayor situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, as\u00ed como la importancia de los\nAutos expedidos por la Corte Constitucional para generar estrategias de remedio\npara estas poblaciones. Se evidenci\u00f3 durante este di\u00e1logo c\u00f3mo el\ndesplazamiento forzado ha impactado de manera diferencial a los pueblos\nind\u00edgenas y afrocolombianos, especialmente a las mujeres y c\u00f3mo la violencia\nsexual y otras formas de violencia han afectado tanto su identidad individual\ncomo colectiva, enfrentando un impacto profundo en su autonom\u00eda, organizaci\u00f3n\ny participaci\u00f3n social. Se destac\u00f3 c\u00f3mo la resistencia y resiliencia de las mujeres\nes fundamental para su recuperaci\u00f3n y liderazgo.\n\n - Robert Piper, asesor especial del Secretario General de Naciones Unidas sobre\nsoluciones a los desplazamientos interno, analiz\u00f3 los avances a nivel\ninternacional, a trav\u00e9s del trabajo coordinado del Sistema de Naciones Unidas,\nabogando por soluciones duraderas al desplazamiento interno en colaboraci\u00f3n\ncon el Banco Mundial y otras organizaciones para su financiamiento. Resalt\u00f3 el\ncompromiso del Gobierno de Colombia con la paz y la estabilidad, as\u00ed como la\nnecesidad de fortalecer una coordinaci\u00f3n estrecha entre diferentes niveles de\ngobierno y con actores internacionales, abordando la respuesta al\ndesplazamiento interno, no solo como una cuesti\u00f3n humanitaria, sino tambi\u00e9n de\ndesarrollo y derechos humanos.\n\n - En el di\u00e1logo sostenido entre la actual relatora de la ONU sobre los derechos\nhumanos de los desplazados internos, la Representante de ACNUR Colombia y\nWalter K\u00e4lin, como parte tambi\u00e9n del Grupo consultivo de expertos del panel de\nalto nivel sobre desplazamientos internos del secretario general de Naciones\nUnidas, los participantes reflexionaron sobre c\u00f3mo en el marco de pol\u00edticas\np\u00fablicas, y a partir del trabajo desarrollado por la Corte Constitucional durante\nestos 20 a\u00f1os, se debe avanzar hacia respuestas m\u00e1s pr\u00e1cticas y orientadas\nhacia las soluciones duraderas, con \u00e9nfasis en que la construcci\u00f3n de esas\nsoluciones debe darse de forma participativa y comunitaria, utilizando los planes\nmunicipales de desarrollo como herramienta principal de planificaci\u00f3n,\npromoviendo la escalabilidad de las respuestas, con el liderazgo del Estado y el\nacompa\u00f1amiento internacional.\n\n - En el panel **Del reconocimiento jur\u00eddico a la realidad: la garant\u00eda de los**\n**derechos de las personas desplazadas: an\u00e1lisis de la academia, una mirada**\n**desde el exterior** se resalt\u00f3 la contribuci\u00f3n de la Corte Constitucional a la\nrespuesta a la problem\u00e1tica del desplazamiento interno y en el desarrollo de una\ninfraestructura legal robusta, la aplicaci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares internacionales\nreconociendo el impacto de esta Sentencia como modelo doctrinal y pragm\u00e1tico\npara la implementaci\u00f3n de leyes sobre desplazamiento interno.\n\n - Se consider\u00f3 importante dialogar sobre los aprendizajes, complementariedades\ny diferencias entre el desplazamiento generado por factores ambientales y el\ncausado por el conflicto armado. Se reconoci\u00f3 la reciente Sentencia de la Corte\nConstitucional T-123/24 que establece gu\u00edas claras sobre las responsabilidades\ndel Estado en la protecci\u00f3n de las personas desplazadas por causas\nambientales, as\u00ed como la importancia de la prevenci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n frente al\ndesplazamiento factores ambientales, la necesidad de integrar pol\u00edticas de\nlegalizaci\u00f3n de asentamientos informales para mitigar riesgos de desastres y\navanzar en soluciones duraderas para las personas desplazadas por el conflicto,\ny la importancia de una visi\u00f3n integral que abarque la protecci\u00f3n de derechos, el\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "desarrollo de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas, con miras a lograr los objetivos de desarrollo\nsostenible.\n\n - El evento concluy\u00f3 reconociendo la persistencia del desplazamiento forzado, los\ndesaf\u00edos que enfrentan, en particular, regiones hist\u00f3ricamente afectadas por el\nconflicto armado, as\u00ed como los retos financieros y falta de articulaci\u00f3n naci\u00f3n \u2013\nterritorio, que impiden la superaci\u00f3n del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional. Se\ndestac\u00f3 por parte de los asistentes, incluyendo a los representantes de la\nDefensor\u00eda del Pueblo y de la Procuradur\u00eda General de la Naci\u00f3n, la importancia\ndel rol jugado por la Corte Constitucional, la necesidad de continuar con el\nproceso de seguimiento, y la necesidad de que el Estado colombiano y la\nsociedad civil avancen en encontrar soluciones duraderas al desplazamiento,\nincluyendo la necesidad de una reforma integral a la Ley 1448 de 2011, que\npermita que las v\u00edctimas superen su situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, y se avance al\nlogro del objetivo 16 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), para tener\npaz y justicia.\n\n\nACNUR / Diciembre, 2024 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e818989d-6e3e-4ac8-a398-d0904fd40a27/Protection%20Brief%20Colombia%20-%2020%20a%C3%B1os%20avanzando%20en%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20y%20soluciones%20para%20las%20personas%20desplazadas%20internamente%20en%20Colombia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_553/raw/doc_553_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_553/raw/doc_553_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a0a4c24aec635ef8e07d02e9c75158f9a15bf690..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_553/raw/doc_553_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,652 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF III** **SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n## Operational Context\n\n\nDuring the period covered by this Protection Brief III (July 2023 \u2013 March 2024), there were 686,584\nborder crossings from Ukraine to Slovakia, bringing the total to nearly 2.2 million since the escalation of\nthe armed conflict in February 2022. By 31 March 2024, 118,921 refugees [1] fleeing Ukraine held\nTemporary Protection status in Slovakia and 235 applied for asylum. [2]\n\n\nThe Government of Slovakia continued responding with generosity and solidarity to its largest-ever\nrefugee influx. The situation between July 2023 and March 2024 was characterized by the increased\nimportance and focus on the inclusion of refugees in the national and local public services and, more\ngenerally, their socioeconomic inclusion into the host community. At the same time, refugees in Slovakia,\nespecially those most vulnerable and the newly arrived, also continued to face different urgent needs. [3]\n\n\nFollowing up on the topics addressed in Protection Brief II [4] (access to healthcare, education, and\nemployment), the Government of Slovakia worked on several important measures to advance refugee\nprotection and inclusion:\n\n\n - In September 2023, the Government extended healthcare coverage for adult Temporary\nProtection holders from \"urgent and necessary\" care to full care, building on a similar previous\nexpansion for refugee children. [5] To practically implement this crucial measure taken by the\nGovernment, it is key to ensure practical admission of Temporary Protection holders by\nhealthcare practitioners regardless of their \u201ctolerated stay\u201d type of residence that comes with\ntheir Temporary Protection status. [6] Also, it is important to strengthen the information flow to\nhealthcare practitioners and the public health insurance company to ensure their awareness of\nrefugees\u2019 healthcare entitlements. [7]\n\n - Since early 2024, preparations were underway for introducing compulsory school attendance\nfor refugee children with Temporary Protection, which is key for guaranteeing refugee children\u2019s\nright to education in Slovakia. Nevertheless, the legislative changes were not introduced ahead\nof the start of the new school year 2024/2025. Therefore, as of the school year 2024/2025,\n\n\n1 The terms \u201crefugee\u201d and \u201cTemporary Protection holder\u201d are used interchangeably throughout this document.\n[2 UNHCR (2024), Operational Data Portal: Ukraine Refugee Situation \u2013 Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine/location/10785)\n[3 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0) [Multi-Sector](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[4 UNHCR (2023), Protection Brief II Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106050)\n[5 Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic (2023), Ur\u010denie rozsahu potrebnej zdravotnej starostlivosti.](https://www.health.gov.sk/?urcenie-rozsahu-potrebnej-zdravotnej-starostlivosti) The full care does not cover a spa treatment.\n6 Temporary Protection holders are often not admitted by healthcare practitioners due to their \u201ctolerated stay\u201d type of residence (not being able to\nhave temporary or permanent residence in Slovakia with Temporary Protection). UNHCR welcomes that after the period covered by this Protection\nBrief (July 2023 \u2013 March 2024), in June 2024, the Slovak Parliament adopted a legislative change establishing that healthcare practitioners cannot\nrefuse to admit refugees based on capacity constraints, just as they cannot refuse to admit permanent or temporary residents in the practitioner\u2019s\n[locality. National Council of the Slovak Republic (2024), Vl\u00e1dny n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 480/2002 Z. z. o azyle a o zmene a](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n[doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov a ktor\u00fdm sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n7 Healthcare practitioners are often not aware of Temporary Protection holders\u2019 full healthcare entitlements, resulting in e. g. unjustified financial\ncharges for procedures which should be free of charge.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Operational Data Portal", - "confidence": 0.8823283314704895, - "start": 461, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9750687479972839, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7906087040901184, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8082355260848999, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nSlovakia will become the only country in the Ukraine Situation Regional Refugee Response Plan [8]\nin which education is not explicitly compulsory for refugee children with Temporary Protection.\n\n - In March 2024, the Government approved a legislative amendment proposal that allows selfemployment of Temporary Protection holders, aligning with the European Union (EU)\nTemporary Protection Directive and practices in various EU countries. [9]\n\n\nThese are important updates in key areas. UNHCR continues to collaborate closely with the Government\nof Slovakia to address the challenges and further enhance refugee protection and inclusion in the\ncountry.\n\n\nUNHCR actively monitored and assessed the situation and needs of refugees in Slovakia through\nProtection Profiling and Monitoring, [10] focus group discussions, Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA)\nin collaboration with IOM, WHO, and UNICEF, [11] and Site Mapping and Monitoring in collaboration with\nIOM. [12,13] This Protection Brief III consolidates and analyzes relevant findings related to 1)\naccommodation, 2) inclusion in the social protection system, and 3) access to reliable information,\ncomplemented by other data sources. It also details the response of UNHCR and its partners [14] in\nsupporting the Government of Slovakia and local authorities to address challenges and bridge gaps.\nFinally, it offers a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the protection and inclusion of\nrefugees.\n## Key Trends & Figures [15] Analysis\n\n#### Accommodation\n\n\nIn response to the refugee situation arising from the conflict in Ukraine, the Government of Slovakia\npromptly implemented a robust, humanitarian-oriented accommodation support system for Temporary\nProtection holders status. This robust support system, in place until June 2024, included two primary\ncomponents: 1) a subsidy from the Ministry of Interior for private property owners who offered their\n\n\n[8 Regional Refugee Response for the Ukraine Situation (2024), Ukraine Situation: Regional Refugee Response Plan - January-December 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105903)\n[9 Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic (2024), Vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila zmeny v z\u00e1kone o pobyte cudzincov. After the period covered by this Protection](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=vlada-schvalila-zmeny-v-zakone-o-pobyte-cudzincov)\nBrief III, in June 2024, the legislative amendment was also approved by the Slovak Parliament. National Council of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Vl\u00e1dny](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 404/2011 Z. z. o pobyte cudzincov a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[predpisov a ktor\u00fdm sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[10 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; 3,859 Protection Profiling and Monitoring interviews](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n(covering 2,744 household members) were conducted between July 2023 and March 2024. Due to methodological limitations, the results cannot\nnecessarily be extrapolated to the whole population of refugees from Ukraine in Slovakia and are only indicative of their situation.\n[11 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n12 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [Manuscript in preparation].\n13 UNHCR Slovakia is grateful for the extensive collaboration with its partners \u2014the Slovak Humanitarian Council, People in Peril, Human Rights\nLeague, and Mareena\u2014 on various data collection exercises.\n14 To strengthen the protection and inclusion of refugees in Slovakia, UNHCR works with its funded partners across the country, namely the Slovak\nHumanitarian Council, People in Peril, Human Rights League, Mareena, Sme Spolu, League for Mental Health, Platform of Families with Children with\nDisabilities, and Centre for the Research of Ethnicity and Culture.\n[15 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6622783541679382, - "start": 494, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5818825364112854, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5576109886169434, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8388348817825317, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.583089292049408, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.6012091040611267, - "start": 549, - "end": 551 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9765269756317139, - "start": 760, - "end": 764 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.820724606513977, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9797195792198181, - "start": 772, - "end": 773 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9010965824127197, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9484493732452393, - "start": 770, - "end": 771 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\napartments and houses to refugees at no charge, as well as for owners of non-commercial collective\naccommodation sites, [16] and 2) a subsidy from the Ministry of Transport for commercial accommodation\nproviders (hotels, hostels, private dormitories, etc.), which allowed for the possibility of additional\ncharges to refugees. [17] According to the official data, more than 46,000 refugees benefited from these\nsubsidies in December 2023. [18] Moreover, the Government of Slovakia provided various asylum facilities\nand the largest collective accommodation center in Gab\u010d\u00edkovo, managed by the Migration Office of the\nMinistry of Interior, for accommodation of predominantly vulnerable Temporary Protection holders.\nFinally, it repurposed publicly owned accommodation sites intended for educational or recreational use\nto support accommodation needs of refugees. Together, these measures supported the compliance with\nthe European Union Temporary Protection Directive and safeguarded refugees\u2019 right to accommodation.\nIn focus group discussions with UNHCR, refugees repeatedly expressed strong gratitude for this\nsupport, recognizing the help of the Government, local communities, and landlords.\n\n\nData from Protection Profiling and Monitoring and the MSNA showed that most refugees in Slovakia\nlived in private accommodation (i.e. apartments or houses). At the same time, considerable number of\nrefugees also resided in collective accommodation sites. [19] Specifically, the MSNA data indicated that\n47% of respondents have their own accommodation, 18% were in shared accommodation, 22% in\ncollective sites, and 10% in hotels or hostels. A vast majority of those surveyed through Protection\nProfiling and Monitoring (97% between January and March 2024) reported having a rental contract, and\n84% of the MSNA respondents indicated no issues with living conditions in their accommodation. At the\nsame time, 15% of respondents experienced difficulties, primarily with insufficient privacy (34%). As\nnoted by an accommodation expert in the MSNA analysis:\n\n\n_\u201cAn important revelation from the data is the overcrowded living arrangements, with a figure of_\n_0.8 rooms per person for refugee households. If refugee households were assigned a distinct_\n_category in the EU Commission comparison, refugee households in Slovakia would emerge as the_\n_least favorable in terms of average rooms per person, highlighting a critical concern in housing_\n_conditions for this demographic.\u201d_ [20]\n\n\nOther challenges reported by refugees included being unable to cook and/or store food properly (26%),\nlack of separate showers and/or toilets (25%), being unable to keep warm or cool (11%), and the space\nnot being sufficiently clean (10%). 6% also faced inadequate heating, insulation, or hot water availability,\ncomplicating winter preparations. [21] Additionally, all refugees benefiting from the accommodation\nsubsidies were required to appear in person before the municipal authorities once a month, a\nrequirement that can be particularly challenging for persons with disabilities or serious medical\ncondition. [22]\n\n\nThe Site Mapping and Monitoring revealed that the accommodation conditions were especially\nchallenging for the most vulnerable. A large portion of the surveyed collective sites reported\naccommodating persons with different specific needs, including older persons (61%), single parents or\ncaregivers (24%), persons with disabilities (20%), or persons with serious medical condition (12%).\nNevertheless, the majority of the sites (68 of the 83 surveyed) reported having no equipment to address\nthe needs of older persons and persons with disabilities, 36% of the surveyed sites reported not being\naccessible for persons with disabilities, 35% did not have barrier-free showers, and 59% did not have\nbarrier-free toilets. [23]\n\n\n[16 Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic (2024), Inform\u00e1cie k pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie cudzinca pod\u013ea z\u00e1kona o azyle.](https://www.minv.sk/?prispevok-za-ubytovanie)\n17 Ministry of Transport of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Lex Ukrajina. After the period covered by this Protection Brief III, as of July 2024, the](https://www.mindop.sk/lex-ukrajina)\ncommercial accommodation providers are no longer entitled to receive subsidies for accommodating Temporary Protection holders.\n18 Government Office of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[od\u00eddencami z Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[19 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0) [Multi-Sector](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[20 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia, p. 23.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[21 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n22 With the introduction of the new accommodation support system as of July 2024, as explained further in the document, the frequency of required\nappearances before the municipal authorities was increased from once to twice a month, posing additional challenges in particular for refugees with\ndisabilities or serious medical condition.\n23 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [Manuscript in preparation].\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data", - "confidence": 0.9899362325668335, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "apartments and houses to refugees at no charge", - "confidence": 0.5249707698822021, - "start": 17, - "end": 25 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SLOVAKIA", - "confidence": 0.9316112995147705, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9819723963737488, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5328572392463684, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9702179431915283, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9810081720352173, - "start": 216, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9365935921669006, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8984909653663635, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9474894404411316, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8427190780639648, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8670361042022705, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6108927130699158, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9019904136657715, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection\nProfiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7999604344367981, - "start": 306, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.6446419954299927, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7747430205345154, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5936251282691956, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9083648920059204, - "start": 399, - "end": 401 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveyed sites", - "confidence": 0.5948190689086914, - "start": 675, - "end": 677 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovak Republic", - "confidence": 0.5814836621284485, - "start": 713, - "end": 715 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5946730375289917, - "start": 716, - "end": 717 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9968649744987488, - "start": 902, - "end": 906 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.7940685153007507, - "start": 916, - "end": 923 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9973581433296204, - "start": 905, - "end": 906 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.959027111530304, - "start": 924, - "end": 925 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nThe Government of Slovakia consistently ensured necessary extensions of accommodation subsidies. [24]\nHowever, the timing of these extensions \u2014 sometimes days before the previous program expired \u2014\ncreated uncertainty and anxiety among some refugees. They feared potential eviction, homelessness, or\ninduced return to Ukraine, and were not able to sign new rental contracts. As the expiration of the\nprogram was approaching, refugees living in a collective accommodation center explained to UNHCR\nthey were regularly checking whether their belongings were still in their rooms. Those from the most\nheavily conflict-affected areas of Ukraine also shared they have no home left in Ukraine, and did not\nknow what to do if the accommodation assistance was to cease. In this regard, 32% of collective\naccommodation sites surveyed through Site Mapping and Monitoring indeed declared not being sure\nwhether accommodation will continue to be provided if the subsidy was fully discontinued, and 22%\ndeclared it will not continue. [25]\n\n\nFrom July to December 2023, 44% of Protection Profiling and Monitoring respondents reported being\nable to stay in their accommodation without a specific time limit. This figure dropped to 36% between\nJanuary and March 2024. Some refugees (16% between July and December 2023, and 15% between\nJanuary and March 2024) reported being able to stay in their current accommodation for 1-3 months\nonly. The proportion of refugees able to stay for less than one month increased from 3% between July\nand December 2023 to 12% between January and March 2024. These numbers were consistent with\nthe uncertainty regarding the future of the accommodation subsidies in the first half of 2024. Among\nthose being able to stay in their accommodation for less than 3 months, the main reason for having to\nleave was the end of the accommodation subsidy program (70% between January and March 2024). [26]\nFurthermore, Site Mapping and Monitoring also showed that 46% of collective accommodation sites\ngive refugees a short notice period of two weeks or less before having to leave. [27]\n\n\nSince February 2024, the Government of Slovakia halved the accommodation subsidies. [28] Consequently,\nrefugees informed of numerous instances where homeowners, in contravention of the law, requested\nrefugees to pay the difference, including when the total amounts received by the homeowners exceeded\nmarket prices. This practice was also observed in some collective accommodation centers, where, albeit\nlegally, the commercial owners demanded excessive extra payments considering the living conditions in\nshared hostel or dormitory rooms. The Site Mapping and Monitoring showed that with the adjusted\naccommodation subsidies, refugees will need to financially contribute to running costs at 69% of the\nsurveyed collective accommodation sites. [29] At the same time, focus group discussions confirmed that\nvulnerable groups who cannot take up employment in Slovakia are truly unable to cover these extra\naccommodation costs. This concerns mainly older persons receiving low pensions from Ukraine, single\nmothers who take care of their children, persons with disabilities or serious medical condition, or newly\narrived refugees who could not yet find jobs.\n\n\nIn response to the complex accommodation situation, UNHCR supported the Government of Slovakia\nand the local authorities through its partner organizations, including at Blue Dots, providing counselling\nand helping vulnerable refugees to find accommodation. In this regard, the strong operational presence\nof UNHCR\u2019s partners across Slovakia and the extensive mobile outreach to remote locations proved to\nbe essential. The demand spiked in early 2024 when subsidy adjustments took place and continuation\nof the subsidies was uncertain.\n\n\nIn March 2024, the Government of Slovakia adopted a roadmap document tasking different ministries\nto devise a new sustainable accommodation support system. [30] Following the period covered by this\nProtection Brief III, the new system has become effective as of July 2024. [31] Under this system,\ncommercial accommodation providers (hotels, hostels, private dormitories, etc.) are no longer eligible for\n\n\n[24 Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic (2024), Vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila zmeny v poskytovan\u00ed pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny; Ministry of](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy-8&sprava=vlada-schvalila-zmeny-v-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny)\n[Transport of the Slovak Republic (2024), Ubytovanie od\u00eddencov v obdob\u00ed apr\u00edl 2024 - j\u00fan 2024.](https://www.mindop.sk/lex-ukrajina/ubytovanie-odidencov-v-obdobi-april-2024-jun-2024)\n25 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [Manuscript in preparation].\n[26 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n27 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [Manuscript in preparation].\n[28 Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic (2024), Kabinet rozhodol o pred\u013a\u017een\u00ed poskytovania do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska aj o zmen\u00e1ch pri poskytovan\u00ed](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=kabinet-rozhodol-o-predlzeni-poskytovania-docasneho-utociska-aj-o-zmenach-pri-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie)\n[pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie; Ministry of Transport of the Slovak Republic (2024),](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=kabinet-rozhodol-o-predlzeni-poskytovania-docasneho-utociska-aj-o-zmenach-pri-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie) [Ministerstvo dopravy upravuje pr\u00edspevok za ubytovanie od\u00eddencov.](https://www.mindop.sk/media/tlacove-spravy/ministerstvo-dopravy-upravuje-prispevok-za-ubytovanie-odidencov-1)\n29 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [Manuscript in preparation].\n30 Government Office of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[od\u00eddencami z Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n31 National Council of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Vl\u00e1dny n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 480/2002 Z. z. o azyle a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n[niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov a ktor\u00fdm sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nsubsidies, and only newly arrived refugees and those with certain vulnerabilities are targeted by the\nsupport. [32]\n\n#### Inclusion in the Social Protection System\n\n\nThe Government of Slovakia has enabled Temporary Protection holders to access significant portions of\nthe public social protection system on par with Slovak nationals. Notably, refugees can avail themselves\nof numerous State-provided social protection benefits, primarily channeled through the Offices of\nLabour, Social Affairs and Family. A key instrument is the Material Need Assistance, [33] designed for\nindividuals whose household income falls below the national subsistence minimum threshold. [34] This\nassistance is particularly relevant for older persons, single mothers with children, persons with disabilities\nor serious medical condition, or newly arrived refugees. According to official data, more than 12,000\nrefugees received the Material Need Assistance in January 2024. [35] Another vital social protection\ninstrument is the Disability Allowance for Refugees, [36] available to refugees with two different degrees\nof severe disability. The Offices of Labour, Social Affairs and Family conduct individual assessments to\ndetermine eligibility and the amount of the assistance. According to official data, more than 1,400\nrefugees received the Disability Allowance for Refugees in September 2023. [37] Other important\ninstruments available to Temporary Protection holders include the Childcare Allowance, [38] Subsidy to\nSupport Child\u2019s Nutrition Habits, [39] Subsidy to Support Child\u2019s Education, [40] and the Substitute Care\nAllowance. [41] Moreover, the State-supported accommodation system for refugees complements all the\nabove benefits.\n\n\nImportantly, as also noted by the Slovak Office of the Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities, the\nGovernment of Slovakia enabled Temporary Protection holders access to the public social services\nsystem, including nursing care or retirement homes, and some refugee professionals with relevant\nbackground were also integrated into the social services as qualified employees. [42]\n\n\nOn the other hand, certain social protection benefits remain inaccessible for refugees due to their legal\nstatus, as Temporary Protection is not linked to temporary or permanent residence in Slovakia and\ninstead, they are granted \"tolerated stay\" type of residence. These benefits include the Parental\nAllowance, [43] Child Allowance, [44] Compensation for Persons with Disabilities, [45] Birth Allowance, [46]\nSubstitute Alimony, [47] Funeral Allowance, [48] Activation Allowance [49] and Unemployment Allowance. [50]\nWith regard to the Unemployment Allowance, it is notable that Temporary Protection holders are\n\n\n32 Under the new accommodation support system, the subsidy is provided by the Ministry of Interior to owners of accommodation who provide free\nof charge accommodation to Temporary Protection holders for the initial 120 days from obtaining Temporary Protection for the first time in Slovakia;\nand longer than 120 days, only if the Temporary Protection holder is considered a vulnerable person. According to the new system, a vulnerable\nperson is:\n\n - a member of a household receiving material need assistance from the Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family;\n\n - a person with a severe disability receiving disability allowance from the Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family;\n\n - a person 65 years of age or older;\n\n - one of the parents or a caregiver (based on a court decision) taking care of a child under 5 years of age; and\n\n - their child under 5 years of age.\nAdditionally, under the new system, facilities managed by the Migration Office can also accommodate Temporary Protection holders for the initial\n120 days; or longer only if they are 65 years of age or older, single parents or caregivers of children under 5 years of age, and their children under\nthe age of five.\n33 In Slovak \u201cPomoc v hmotnej n\u00fadzi\u201d.\n[34 Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of the Slovak Republic (2024, \u017divotn\u00e9 minimum.](https://www.employment.gov.sk/sk/rodina-socialna-pomoc/hmotna-nudza/zivotne-minimum/)\n35 Government Office of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[od\u00eddencami z Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n36 In Slovak \u201cDot\u00e1cia na podporu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci osobe s osobitnou ochranou v s\u00favislosti s jej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm\u201d.\n37 Government Office of the Slovak Republic (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[od\u00eddencami z Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n38 In Slovak \u201cPr\u00edspevok na starostlivos\u0165 o die\u0165a\u201d.\n39 In Slovak \u201cDot\u00e1cia na podporu v\u00fdchovy k stravovac\u00edm n\u00e1vykom die\u0165a\u0165a\u201d.\n40 In Slovak \u201cDot\u00e1cia na podporu v\u00fdchovy k stravovac\u00edm n\u00e1vykom die\u0165a\u0165a\u201d.\n41 In Slovak \u201cPr\u00edspevok na podporu n\u00e1hradnej starostlivosti o die\u0165a\u201d.\n[42 Slovak Office of the Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities (2024), Spr\u00e1va o \u010dinnosti komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm za rok](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf)\n[2023; Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of the Slovak Republic (2022),](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf) [Usmernenie pre poskytovate\u013eov soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb v oblasti](https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/sk/uvodna-stranka/informacie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny/poskytovanie-sos_ubytovania-ukrajincom_usmernenie_030322.pdf)\n[poskytovania soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb osob\u00e1m prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facim z Ukrajiny (k 3. marcu 2022).](https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/sk/uvodna-stranka/informacie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny/poskytovanie-sos_ubytovania-ukrajincom_usmernenie_030322.pdf)\n43 In Slovak \u201cRodi\u010dovsk\u00fd pr\u00edspevok\u201d.\n44 In Slovak \u201cPr\u00eddavok na die\u0165a\u201d.\n45 In Slovak \u201cKompenz\u00e1cia pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm\u201d.\n46 In Slovak \u201cPr\u00edspevok pri naroden\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a\u201d.\n47 In Slovak \u201cN\u00e1hradn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9\u201d.\n48 In Slovak \u201cPr\u00edspevok na pohreb\u201d.\n49 In Slovak \u201cAktiva\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edspevok\u201d.\n50 In Slovak \u201cD\u00e1vka v nezamestnanosti\u201d.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data", - "confidence": 0.9888423681259155, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.5472093820571899, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7204233407974243, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9407011866569519, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nmaking the corresponding unemployment contribution to the Social Insurance Agency, without being\nable to claim this benefit. According to the official statistics, as of March 2024, approximately 30,000\nrefugees from Ukraine with Temporary Protection were employed in Slovakia. [51] Their mandatory\ncontributions to the Social Insurance Agency are equivalent to those of employed Slovak nationals,\nincluding the unemployment insurance contribution which finances precisely the Unemployment\nAllowance. [52] Employees in Slovakia are generally entitled to this allowance if they paid the respective\ncontribution for at least two years, and they are registered in the Office of Labour, Social Affairs and\nFamily database of job applicants. Nevertheless, Temporary Protection holders are unable to register for\nthis due to their lack of temporary or permanent residence. Therefore, if the approximately 30,000\nemployed Temporary Protection holders were earning only a minimum wage (while many of them\ncertainly earn more), it can be estimated that they are contributing more than \u20ac337,000 per month to a\nsocial benefit which they cannot access. Exploring the expansion of this and the other social protection\nbenefits which are currently not available to Temporary Protection holders presents an important\nopportunity to strengthen the social protection of the most vulnerable.\n\n\nWhen it comes specifically to refugees with disabilities, enabling their access to different compensation\nbenefits including for personal assistance, transportation, adaptation of accommodation, or purchase of\ndisability aids would also significantly support this particularly vulnerable group. As shared by a refugee\nduring one of the focus group discussions with UNHCR:\n\n\n_\u201cPersons with disabilities cannot work in many cases; they need extra cash assistance and support_\n_for example to cover the costs of prothesis, wheelchairs\u2026\u201d_\n\n\n_Participant of a focus group discussion in Opatovsk\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves_ [53]\n\n\nThe MSNA indeed confirmed lower levels of employment in refugee households with a member with\ndisability compared to other refugee households. [54] Additionally, allowing their access to forms of\nsupport that are currently tied to the possession of a Slovak disability card (which Temporary Protection\nholders cannot obtain) \u2014e.g. discounted transportation fares, access to public services at no or reduced\ncost, or special labor conditions\u2014 would also importantly enhance their protection and inclusion.\n\n\nAccording to the Protection Profiling and Monitoring data, 35% of the refugees surveyed between\nJanuary and March 2024 applied for some form of State-provided social protection benefits for\nvulnerable groups. Among those who applied, 90% did not report facing challenges with access. Among\nthe smaller portion (10%) who did, the language barrier was the most reported challenge (49%), followed\nby long waiting times (21%), being considered ineligible (13%), or lack of necessary documents (10%). [55]\n\n\nUNHCR, drawing from its partners' counseling and support in numerous individual cases, noted\nchallenges faced by some refugees with disabilities in relation to their access to Disability Allowance for\nRefugees. The Slovak Office of the Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities highlighted several\nsystemic issues, including overly strict eligibility criteria that undermine the ability of refugees with\ndisabilities to meet basic needs, a high degree of subjectivity in the assessment process, legal uncertainty,\nunpredictability in assessment outcomes, insufficiently reasoned decisions, the absence of legal\nrecourse, and lack of possibility for retroactive payments. The Commissioner reported that in 2023, it\nreviewed and assisted with 20 cases, finding that eligibility had been incorrectly assessed in 14 instances,\nincluding serious conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-laryngectomy status due to cancer, and\nimmobility resulting from cerebral stroke. [56]\n\n\nTo facilitate vulnerable refugees' access to the public social protection system and help overcome some\nof the practical challenges, UNHCR supported the Government of Slovakia and the local authorities\nthrough assistance of its partner organizations, including at Blue Dots, providing social counseling and\nindividual support to refugees in a multitude of locations and through mobile outreach teams. Moreover,\n\n\n[51 Central Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family, Zamestn\u00e1vanie cudzincov na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenskej republiky za rok 2024.](https://www.upsvr.gov.sk/statistiky/zamestnavanie-cudzincov-statistiky/zamestnavanie-cudzincov-na-uzemi-slovenskej-republiky-za-rok-2024.html?page_id=1335245)\n[52 Social Insurance Agency (2024), Tabu\u013eky platenia poistn\u00e9ho od 1. janu\u00e1ra 2024.](https://www.socpoist.sk/socialne-poistenie/platenie-poistneho/tabulky-platenia-poistneho/tabulky-platenia-poistneho-od-1-4)\n[53 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024, p.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n4.\n[54 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n[55 UNHCR (2024), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n[56 Slovak Office of the Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities (2024), Spr\u00e1va o \u010dinnosti komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm za rok](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf)\n[2023.](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nfor 10 months, UNHCR\u2019s partner in Bratislava provided interpretation to the Bratislava Office of Labour,\nSocial Affairs, and Family during eligibility assessments for disability support.\n\n\nUNHCR also materially supported the Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica Self-Governing Region, donating equipment to a\nnetwork of 10 Centers of Integrated Social and Health Care. These centers facilitate access to the social\nprotection and healthcare system for older persons, persons with disabilities, and persons in crisis\nsituations among vulnerable Slovak nationals and refugees, especially in remote locations. Finally, in\nsupport of the Slovak Government, UNHCR in collaboration with UNICEF also provided targeted cash\nassistance to 19,500 refugees with vulnerabilities between July and December 2023, complementing\nthe public social protection system.\n\n#### Access to Reliable Information\n\n\nEnsuring refugees have access to relevant and reliable information about their rights and available\nservices is crucial for their protection and successful inclusion in the host country. In Slovakia, the MSNA\nrevealed that 75% of respondents did not face challenges in accessing information about their rights and\nservices. The remaining 25% reported difficulties related to lack of knowledge on where to find\ninformation (55%), unavailability of information in their language(s) (28%), and uncertainty about which\ninformation to trust (21%) as the main obstacles. [57]\n\n\nAccording to Protection Profiling and Monitoring, refugees in Slovakia expressed a need for more\ninformation on key aspects of daily life. These include financial aid (44% between July-December 2023,\nand 35% between January-March 2024), healthcare (33% for both periods), accommodation (23% and\n24% respectively), and job opportunities (23% and 21% respectively). [58] These findings were echoed in\nfocus group discussions with UNHCR, where refugees expressed a need for additional and clear\ninformation on financial assistance from UN agencies, school enrollment for children, available\naccommodation, and access to healthcare.\n\n\nMost refugees (55%) preferred receiving information via social media, followed by phone (31%), and\nwebsites (28%). [59] Accordingly, the Government of Slovakia, some local authorities, and various\nhumanitarian actors in the country established social media channels, phone lines, and websites or\nwebsite sections in Ukrainian and English to disseminate information to refugees. This approach helped\nmake information accessible to a large portion of the community.\n\n\nAt the same time, 22% of respondents preferred receiving information in person and 21% from family\nor friends. [60] In the MSNA, households \u201cwith a member with disability reported facing more challenges\naccessing information, mainly due to a lack of knowledge of available sources of information\u201d. [61]\nChallenges were faced by 34% and 39% of households with a member with disability (depending on the\nlevel of disability), as opposed to 24% of households without such member. [62] While digital information\nprovision is crucial, it is often the most vulnerable refugees, such as persons with certain disabilities or\nolder persons, who need to receive information in a more tailored manner, in person or over the phone,\nin a language they fully understand, and with an opportunity to ask follow-up questions as necessary.\n\n\nIn response to these needs, UNHCR supported the Government of Slovakia and local authorities in\nsignificantly strengthening refugees\u2019 access to information about their rights and available services\nthrough a wide range of communication channels. The UNHCR Slovakia Telegram channel, [63] with over\n10,000 subscribers, features reliable information in four languages on major legislative and policy\ndevelopments affecting refugees, awareness-raising campaigns, financial assistance, and different\nactivities and events. The UNHCR-UNICEF Helpline [64] answered over 13,000 calls between July 2023\nand March 2024, addressing queries ranging from financial assistance to urgent protection matters. The\nUNHCR Slovakia Help site, [65] offering diverse information in six languages including a comprehensive\n\n\n[57 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[58 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n[59 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[60 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[61 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024, p.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n4.\n[62 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n[63 Telegram, UNHCR Slovakia | \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 | \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f.](https://t.me/s/unhcr_slovakia)\n[64 UNHCR (2024), Contact UNHCR.](https://help.unhcr.org/slovakia/contact-unhcr/)\n[65 UNHCR (2024), UNHCR Help Slovakia.](https://help.unhcr.org/slovakia/contact-unhcr/)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.7120369672775269, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9697132110595703, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8081813454627991, - "start": 294, - "end": 295 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9520263671875, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9860969185829163, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.8233517408370972, - "start": 636, - "end": 637 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8832457661628723, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9821042418479919, - "start": 766, - "end": 770 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7347023487091064, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9614878296852112, - "start": 769, - "end": 770 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9807480573654175, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.534180223941803, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6922672986984253, - "start": 781, - "end": 786 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8145141005516052, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7796697020530701, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7758603096008301, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5117067694664001, - "start": 925, - "end": 928 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7020885944366455, - "start": 931, - "end": 932 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9966807961463928, - "start": 923, - "end": 924 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9954566955566406, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8339074850082397, - "start": 933, - "end": 936 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\nmapping of support services available in Slovakia, received over 179,000 visits during the covered\nperiod. UNHCR also responded to over 200 queries through its Protection email, counselled over 200\nrefugees in person through its weekly in-person Protection counselling, and consulted over 170 refugees\nthrough focus group discussions between July 2023 and March 2024.\n\n\nIn parallel, UNHCR closely collaborated with partners, including at Blue Dots, providing comprehensive\ninformation and counselling on documentation, legal status, accommodation, social protection,\nhealthcare, education, or employment. These partners, with UNHCR\u2019s support, also run their own\ncommunication channels, including a Facebook group with more than 54,000 members.\n\n## Calls to Action\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the ongoing generosity of the Slovak Government and society in responding to the\nneeds of refugees fleeing Ukraine, and the example this sets internationally and within the EU. Even\nwith this commitment and favorable protection environment, some challenges persist. The Slovak\nGovernment's openness to proactive engagement with UN agencies and other key interlocutors\nincluding the civil society has made it possible to identify and address gaps in national systems, which\nalso exist in other EU countries hosting refugees from Ukraine. In this sense, UNHCR formulates\nrecommendations to the Government of Slovakia, with a view to strengthen refugees\u2019 access to rights\nand inclusion in the areas covered in this Protection Brief III.\n\n#### Recommendations: Accommodation\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Explore alternative solutions for vulnerable refugees (including refugees with serious disabilities\nor serious medical condition) who cannot regularly appear in person before municipal\nauthorities, which is a requirement for benefiting from accommodation subsidies. Possible\nalternatives could include online confirmation, mobile outreach visits, or confirmation through\na third party with power of attorney.\n\n - Reconsider the list of vulnerable groups eligible for accommodation support, to potentially\ninclude:\n\n`o` Caregivers of persons with disabilities or serious medical condition.\n\n`o` Single caregivers of children who cannot attend full-time school for serious reasons.\n\n`o` Pregnant women.\n\n`o` Single caregivers with three or more dependent children. [66]\n\n - Identify capacities at collective accommodation facilities and centers for social services that can\nbe adapted to persons with specific needs, particularly those with disabilities, serious medical\ncondition, and older persons who require specialized care, assistance, healthcare, and/or barrierfree access. This will also strengthen residential social services capacities for the host\ncommunity in Slovakia.\n\n#### Recommendations: Inclusion in the Social Protection System\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Explore facilitating access to social protection benefits for Temporary Protection holders on par\nwith Slovak nationals, particularly to Unemployment Allowance, [67] Activation Allowance,\nParental Allowance, Child Allowance, Compensation for Persons with Disabilities, Birth\nAllowance, Substitute Alimony, and Funeral Allowance. These benefits could provide significant\nsupport and have a strong positive impact on the most vulnerable members of the refugee\ncommunity.\n\n\n66 This recommendation is made in relation to the accommodation support system introduced as of July 2024, following the period covered by this\nProtection Brief III.\n67 In relation to the Unemployment Allowance, it is recommended to allow Temporary Protection holders who were employed in Slovakia and\nsubsequently lost their jobs to register in the Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family database of job applicants to be able to access this benefit.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA**\n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024**\n\n\n - Ensure that Disability Allowance for Refugees assessments are conducted in languages that\nrefugees understand, and take into account individual circumstances and the specific impacts of\ntheir disabilities.\n\n - Consider accepting the validity of Ukrainian Disability ID cards, thereby facilitating refugees\u2019\naccess to benefits for Slovak persons with disabilities, such as parking, discounted\ntransportation, etc.\n\n#### Recommendations: Access to Reliable Information\n\n\nUNHCR recommends to the Government of Slovakia to:\n\n\n - Further enhance the availability of up-to-date information on refugees' rights and available\nservices in languages that refugees understand, including Ukrainian, Russian, and English,\nfocusing particularly on making information related to eligibility for various social protection\nbenefits easily understandable and accessible in plain language. This also includes\ncommunicating any changes related to the accommodation support system sufficiently in\nadvance to enhance the predictability of the State-provided support.\n\n - Strengthen information flow to healthcare practitioners and the public health insurance\ncompany and ensure that they are fully aware of refugees\u2019 healthcare entitlements, in line with\nthe full healthcare coverage for all refugees.\n\n - Support the capacities of frontline public workers, especially in major refugee-hosting locations,\nto better facilitate interactions with refugee beneficiaries, including by increasing the presence\nof interpreters and cultural mediators to help refugees access the relevant procedures\neffectively.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/446768e1-c127-4cd1-ac57-af0054862b2c/Protection%20Brief%20III_Slovakia_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_554/raw/doc_554_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_554/raw/doc_554_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 30365faa81872745f56b9231fdc7fb197ea0bd1b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_554/raw/doc_554_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF \u0406\u0406 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF II** **\u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n\n## \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\n\n\n\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434, \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043c Protection Brief II (\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443),\n592,760 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 1,5 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\n30 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 111,822 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0438 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\n\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456.\n\n\n\u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\n\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0443 2022 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443 2023 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u043e\n\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0456\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456\u0457 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\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u043a\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432.\n\n\n\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d) \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e Protection\nProfiling \u0442\u0430 Monitoring, [1] Area-Based Assessment, [2] \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 [3]\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0454 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\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456\u0457.\n## \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 [4]\n\n\n1 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, [Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; 3,859 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432'\u044e Protection](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\nProfiling \u0442\u0430 Monitoring (\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 7,941 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432) \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 2022 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.\n\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456\n\u0456 \u0454 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.\n[2 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[3 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d ( 2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.; \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n(2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n[4 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/573bf9ad-b01d-42db-88e7-6d624e167ac6/Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF \u0406\u0406 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n\n## \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432\n#### \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437 1 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443. [5 ] \u0426\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0441\u0443\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430\n\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438,\n\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u0426\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\n\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f\n\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438\n\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f 30\n\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 [6] \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. [7] \u0426\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456\n\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c.\n\n\n\u0423 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c.\n\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 Protection Profiling \u0442\u0430 Monitoring, 22% \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, \u0437\n\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (56%), \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c (44%), \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456 (29%),\n\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440'\u0454\u0440 (28%) \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 (23%). \u041e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\n\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431, \u0430 33% \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0457\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\n\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456. [8] \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, 49% \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\nArea Based Assessment Slovakia, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447 \u0454 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 54% \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\n\u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456. [9] \u0423 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\n\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456. [10] \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456\u0437\n\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 Intentions\nSurvey, 19% \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0443, \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438. [11]\n\n\n\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0443\n\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456. \u0417\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438: \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0456,\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456, \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456\u00bb, [12] \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\n\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u0456 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456 \u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c. \u0423 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\n\u0443 \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0449\u043e\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0456. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\n\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e\n\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043e\n\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\n\n\n5 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438, [Ur\u010denie rozsahu potrebnej zdravotnej starostlivosti; \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0432\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f](https://www.health.gov.sk/?urcenie-rozsahu-potrebnej-zdravotnej-starostlivosti)\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043c Protection Brief II (\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u0440. \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.), \u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2023 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0432\n\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c, \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c\n\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443.\n[6 \u0406\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 (2023), Na Slovensku bude p\u00f4sobi\u0165 30 pediatrov z Ukrajiny.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/uv-sr-na-slovensku-bude-posobit-30-p/724829-clanok.html)\n[7 \u0406\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 (2023), MZ SR: Uzn\u00e1vanie vzdelania ukrajinsk\u00fdch sestier sa zjednodu\u0161uje.](https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/mz-uznavanie-vzdelania-ukrajinskych-s/721303-clanok.html)\n[8 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[9 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023 \u0440.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n10 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), [Area Based Assessment Slovakia: \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023 \u0440.;](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160) \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with\nRefugees in Slovakia: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n[11 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Intentions Survey Results (3rd & 4th Round): Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/304?sv=54&geo=0)\n12 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ [. (2023), Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[from Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f", - "confidence": 0.5687539577484131, - "start": 167, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456", - "confidence": 0.8562222719192505, - 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[14] \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 Protection Profiling \u0442\u0430 Monitoring \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456,\n42% \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0454 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, [15] \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a 30% \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\n\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440'\u0454\u0440 (42%), \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (22%), \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438 (5%) \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456\n\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 (4%). [16] \u041c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440'\u0454\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438, \u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438,\n\u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0456 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u043c, [17] \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 _\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043e \u0437_\n\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 45% \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0430 41% \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439\n\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456. [18] \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0447\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443. [19]\n\n\n_\u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e_\n_\u0412\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0446\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435_\n\n_\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e. \u0423\u0441\u0456_\n\n_[\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456] \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u00bb._\n\n_\u0411\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c \u0437 Opatovsk\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves_ _[ 20]_\n\n\n\u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\n\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0456\n\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432. [21] \u0417\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432\n\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0454 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456,\n\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 (17%) \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f (10%), [22] \u044f\u043a\u0456, \u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448, \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0442\u044f\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 (75% \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u043e\u044e\n\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u044e) \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c (61% \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\n\n\n13 Center for Reproductive Rights _et al_ . (2023), [Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees from](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n[Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/care-crisis-failures-guarantee-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-refugees-ukraine-hungary-poland-romania-and-slovakia)\n14 \u0411\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438.\n15 31% \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, 10% \u2013 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, 1% \u2013 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0456.\n[16 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[17 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[18 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[19 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023\u0440.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[20 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n21 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), [Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023; \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160) [Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n[22 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, Slovakia Protection Profiling & Monitoring: Profiles, Needs & Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine \u2013 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97115)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/573bf9ad-b01d-42db-88e7-6d624e167ac6/Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF \u0406\u0406 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n\n\n\u0432\u0438\u0457\u0437\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438) \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, [23] \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\n\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0444\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\n\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. [24] \u041f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441\n\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431,\n\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0434\u044f, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438. [25]\n\n\n\u041e\u043a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0454 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0437 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432,\n\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\n\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0456 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438. 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[28]\n\n\n\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432: \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u2013 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443, \u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0442\u0435, \u0456\n\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044f\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\n\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\n\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f\n\u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0442\u044f\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432. [29]\n\n\n\u042e\u041d\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456. [30] \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u201c\u041f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443\u201d \u0437\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431\n\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440'\u0454\u0440, \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 54% \u0442\u0430 31% \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\n\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0443 2021/22 \u0442\u0430 2022/23 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e. [31] \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438\n\n\n[23 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[24 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), Area Based Assessment Slovakia: \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0439 2023.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160)\n[25 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees on Social Protection and Cash Assistance: \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440. 8.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104469)\n26 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n[27 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[Ukrajine z poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[28 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjYwMDFhMzMtMTJjZS00NzU1LTkzYzgtNTNhN2FiNjU3Y2RlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n29 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n[30 \u042e\u041d\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e \u0442\u0430 Slovakia's education responses to the influx of Ukrainian refugees.](https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war/education/slovakia-support?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005e73247d022a20af6ea06c6f49b85113fe2ba0a4fd415e459ae4956fc93aa64108d014d4aa143000f8c2b938380d716377c015fadc3d27c0db58d7fe0521689c1a9b6fa4ed45db7123e3f361ab3f550d252b364ab2c8b1d9#:~:text=The%20education%20system%20in%20Slovakia,Protection%20status%20is%20not%20compulsory.)\n31 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f (2023), [Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/573bf9ad-b01d-42db-88e7-6d624e167ac6/Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF \u0406\u0406 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n\n\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 200 \u0454\u0432\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c 62% \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u044f\u043c-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c. [32] \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c\n\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0430\n\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. [33]\n\n\n\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438: 19% \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f, \u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0439\n\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433 \u0434\u043e 52%. [34] \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445\n\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438,\n\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0457\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e\n\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e. [35] \u041b\u0438\u0448\u0435 11% \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0456 (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\n26% . [36] \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0456, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0443\n\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445. [37]\n\n\n\u0423 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Blue Dots, \u0449\u043e\u0431\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443\n\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 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\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438:\n\n\n32 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f (2023), [Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n[33 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438 (2022), Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky a odpovede v s\u00favislosti so situ\u00e1ciou na Ukrajine z poh\u013eadu \u0161kolstva.](https://ukrajina.minedu.sk/data/att/22984.pdf)\n[34 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n35 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with Refugees in Slovakia: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n[36 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f (2023), Stav vzdel\u00e1vania \u017eiakov \u2013 od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny: 1. \u010das\u0165 \u2013 priebe\u017en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.](https://www.ssi.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/vzdelavanie_ziakov_odidencov_z_Ukrajiny.pdf)\n37 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, REACH (2023), [Area Based Assessment Slovakia: February 2023;](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99160) \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d (2023), Analysis of Focus Group Discussions with\nRefugees in Slovakia: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 [\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438].\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/573bf9ad-b01d-42db-88e7-6d624e167ac6/Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF \u0406\u0406 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0427\u0427\u0418\u041d\u0410**\n\n**\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2022 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023**\n\n\n - \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u00ab\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u00bb, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043c\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c.\n\n - \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430\n\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n - \u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\n\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f.\n\n#### \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457: \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438:\n\n\n - \u0414\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\n\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0404\u0421 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0404\u0421.\n\n - \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0441\u0438 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\n\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432'\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0430, \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\n\u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e.\n\n - \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044f,\n\u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0435\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456.\n\n#### \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457: \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438\n\n\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438:\n\n\n - \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\n\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456.\n\n - \u0417\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0442\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432,\n\u0430\u0431\u043e \u044f\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\n\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u043c'\u044f\u043a\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445.\n\n - \u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044e \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 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\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445.\n\n - \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432-\u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\n\n\nRichard Koy\u0161 | Senior Protection Associate | koys@unhcr.og\nCarmen Garc\u00eda | Associate Information Management Officer | garcicar@unhcr.org\n##### www.unhcr.org / \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\n\n\n6\n##### \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\n\n[Protection Brief I \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97764)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/573bf9ad-b01d-42db-88e7-6d624e167ac6/Protection%20Brief%20II_Slovakia_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_555/raw/doc_555_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_555/raw/doc_555_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d85960e3154626bca1fb1ea58298e879b50eadb6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_555/raw/doc_555_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR ETHIOPIA **PROTECTION BRIEF |** SEPTEMBER 2024\n# **Challenges in Access** **to Birth Registration** **for Refugees and** **Asylum-Seekers in** **Ethiopia**\n\n\n\nA birth registration is the official recording\nof the birth of a child through a state\u2019s\nadministrative process. It is a permanent\nand official record of a child\u2019s existence.\nAlthough birth registration is different\nfrom the process of acquiring nationality,\nit establishes a child\u2019s legal identity.\n\nThere are 1,066,842 refugees in Ethiopia\nas of 30 August 2024. Some 576,094 of\nthem, or 54%, are children. Since the Vital\nEvents Registration started in refugee\ncamps/settlements in October 2017, only\n69,131 birth registrations have been\ncompleted. While the exact number of\nchildren without a birth registration is\nunder review, it is clear that many forcibly\ndisplaced children lack vital\ndocumentation.\n\n\n\nThis September 2024 protection brief\nanalyzes the challenge of birth\nregistration among refugees and other\nforcibly displaced populations in Ethiopia.\nIt will lay out why birth registration is\nimportant in displacement situations,\nincluding in Ethiopia. The commendable\nactions by the Government of Ethiopia to\npromote birth and other vital events\nregistration for refugees since 2016 will\nalso be reviewed. The causes of the\ncurrent birth registration challenges in\ndifferent parts of the country are then\nanalyzed. Finally, the brief sets out a\nseries of recommendations for the way\nforward.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n### **I. Why is birth registration** **important for refugee** **and asylum-seekers** **children in Ethiopia?**\n\n**Birth registration is an important**\n**protection tool in Ethiopia.** At a basic\nlevel, birth registration establishes a\nchild\u2019s identity. Its importance,\nhowever, goes far beyond this, as a\nlack of birth registration can lead to\nserious barriers for refugee children\nincluding:\n\n - **FUTURE NON-RECOGNITION**\n**AS A CITIZEN** (statelessness):\nWithout a birth registration and\ndocumentation, children may\nhave problems proving their\nlinks to a State, which puts\nthem at risk of becoming\nstateless or being denied\naccess to asylum.\n\n - **DENIAL** **OF** **ACCESS** **TO**\n**SERVICES** : Without a birth\nregistration, a child\u2019s access to\neducation, health care and\nsocial security may be\nhampered. For example, a birth\nregistration is sometimes a prerequisite for school enrolment\nin Ethiopia and for the taking of\nnational exams. As an adult, it is\noften a prerequisite to be able\nto marry, to enter the labour\nmarket, get travel documents\nsuch as passports, access\n\nbirth of one\u2019s own children.\n\n - **INCREASED RISK TO VIOLENCE**\n**AND ABUSE** : Children without a birth\nregistration in Ethiopia are more\nvulnerable to protection risks such as\ntrafficking, child labour, child\nmarriage, illegal adoption, sexual\nexploitation, and recruitment into\narmed groups.\n\n\n\n\n- **RISK OF BEING TREATED AS AN**\n**ADULT** : Children without a birth\nregistration may be unjustly treated\nas adults during asylum or judicial\nproceedings.\n\n - **INCREASED RISK OF FAMILY**\n**SEPARATION** **IN**\n**EMERGENCIES** : Lack of a birth\ncertificate decreases the\npossibility of successful tracing\nand family reunification for\nchildren separated from their\nfamilies during flight or other\nemergencies.\n\n - **OBSTACLES TO DURABLE**\n**SOLUTIONS:** Family\nreunification can be difficult in\nthe Ethiopian context without\nany documents to trace the\nchild\u2019s relatives, and a lack of\ndocumentation can interfere\nwith the child\u2019s ability to return\nto his/her country of origin.\n\n - **INCREASED RISK OF DENIAL**\n**OF** **INTERNATIONAL**\n**PROTECTION** **AND**\n**REFOULEMENT** : Birth\nregistration and certificates can\nserve as a protection tool with\nthe legal attributes it carries on\nby establishing the legal identity\nof an individual. A lack of\ndocumentation could also\nheighten the risks of\nrefoulement. Children or even\nadults without any form of\nidentity, particularly with regard\nto their nationality - such as birth\ncertificates - have/may not be\nconsidered as aliens and as such not\ndeserving international protection. In\nlocations with security concerns, they\nare usually detained and may even\nface return to places they claim to\nhave come from and where they\ncould face serious harm hence\namounting to refoulement.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n### **II. Actions by the Government of**\n\n**Ethiopia to promote birth**\n**registration** **for** **refugee**\n**children.**\n\nAt the 2016 Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees,\nEthiopia made nine very significant pledges\nto improve the lives of refugees and integrate\nthem more effectively in society. One of the\nkey pledges concerned documentation,\nspecifically to enhance the civil registration\nand vital statistics (CRVS) system to ensure\nthat all births, deaths, marriages, and other\nvital events for refugees would be registered\nand documented. This initiative was\nimportant for both refugees and for the\nnational authorities themselves, as it was also\nforeseen that it would improve the accuracy\nand reliability of population data, crucial for\nplanning and delivering public services, and\nfor informing development responses.\n\nA related legal proclamation was\nsubsequently passed. Ethiopia\u2019s Vital Events\nRegistration and Nationality Identity Card\nProclamation (Amendment Proc. No. 1049\n/2017), entered into force in August 2017. The\nproclamation provides the legal foundations\nfor refugee access to vital events registration.\nAn implementing directive soon followed.\nThe launch of vital events registration for\nrefugees began in October 2017.\n\nThe revised Refugees Proclamation (Proc.\nNo.1110/2019) awards refugees the same\ntreatment as nationals regarding the\nregistration of vital events and issuance of\ncertificates.\n\nThe proclamation empowers the Refugees\nand Returnees Services (RRS) as the\nresponsible Government body that has the\nprimary responsibility for the security and\nmanagement of all refugee camps and\nsettlements in Ethiopia and in ensuring the\nprotection and physical security of refugees,\nin collaboration with federal and regional\ngovernments as well as with UNHCR and\nother partners.\n\n\n\nThe progress in the issuance of birth and\nother vital events registration to refugees has\nbeen constant, but at times slow. In 2019,\nthere were 8,080 vital events registered, with\nthe vast majority being births (some 7,150).\nSo far in 2024, 8,769 births have been\nregistered.\n\n\n**Everyone has the right to be recognized as**\n**a person before the law,** as enshrined in\nArticle 6 of the Universal Declaration on\nHuman Rights and Article 16 of the\nInternational Covenant on Civil and Political\nRights. Several international human rights\ninstruments, such as Article 7 of the\nConvention on the Rights of the Child and\nArticle 24(2) of the International Covenant on\nCivil and Political Rights also recognize the\nright to a birth registration.\n\nSustainable Development Goal 16.9 (\"legal\nidentity for all, including birth registration, by\n2030\") is key to advance the 2030 Agenda\ncommitment to leave no one behind, and\nequally relevant is SDG 17.19 -support to\nstatistical capacity-building in developing\ncountries, monitored by the indicator\n\"proportion of countries that have achieved\n100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent\ndeath registration\u201d.\n\n### **III. Causes of gaps in birth**\n\n**registration among refugee**\n**children in Ethiopia**\n\n**The following challenges to refugee access**\nto birth registration have been identified:\n\n\n - **Lack of vital events registration**\n**capacity.** There are more than 1\nmillion refugees in Ethiopia. To date,\ninsufficient resources including\nhuman resources, lack of wellequipped vital registration offices and\ngaps in information technology-based\nregistration system have been\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n\nprovided to the RRS Vital Events\nRegistration Unit to ensure\ncomprehensive registration of vital\nevents, including birth registration.\n\n- **Backlog created due to COVID-19**\n**movement restrictions.** Registration\nand issuance of vital events\ndocumentation halted at several\nrefugee sites due to COVID-19\nmovement restrictions,\nleading to a backlog across\nthe country (as summarized in\nthe next chapter).\n\n- **Refugee** **parents** **denied**\n**access** **to** **the** **birth**\n**registration process due to**\n**lack of pre-natal medical**\n**care and birth notification.**\nFor different reasons, some\nrefugee mothers do not seek\npre-natal medical care and\nbirths often occur at home in\nthe refugee settlement. The\nabsence of proof of pre-natal\nmedical attention has led to\nthe rejection of some birth\nregistration requests on the\ngrounds that the parents do\nnot have a proven link to the\nchild. Testimonies from\ntraditional birth attendants\nhave not been accepted as\nalternate proof of birth.\n\n- **Security Concerns.** A state of\nemergency has been\ndeclared in several regions in\nrecent years, including\nOromia, Tigray, and Amhara.\nAs a result of this, issuance of\nvital event documents has been\nhalted at times, along with the\ninterruption of other services.\n\n- **Children born outside of Ethiopia,**\n**after the refugee registration of the**\n**mother** . Some refugees have\ncrossed back to their country of origin\nafter having registered their refugee\nstatus for short periods. Pendular\n\n\n\nmovements to some countries are\ncommon, particularly during calmer\nperiods. Some children have\ntherefore been born in their country\nof origin and do not have a medical\nrecord in Ethiopia. These children\nhave been unable to register - a\nsituation particularly prevalent among\nrefugees from South Sudan and\n\nSomalia, among others.\n\n - **Lack** **of** **community**\n**engagement** **and** **awareness**\n**regarding** **birth** **registration** :\nThere is no significant\ninvolvement of the community\ndue to a lack of understanding\nabout the advantages of birth\nregistration, an issue often\nassociated with cultural beliefs\nand low levels of literacy.\n\n### **IV. Understanding the**\n\n**gaps in birth registration**\n**across** **different** **refugee-**\n**hosting areas in Ethiopia**\n\n**Addis Ababa:** The document\nverification exercise that was\ncarried out in the beginning of\n2024 reduced the number of\nchildren without a birth\nregistration. Even so, the problem\nof gaps in birth registration\npersists. Based on the preliminary\nfindings by Jesuit Refuge Service\n(JRS - UNHCR\u00b4s child protection\npartner in the urban setting) and\nUNHCR, there are about 126 children waiting\nfor birth registration.\n\n**Afar** : In Afar, specifically in Berhale, there are\n2500 children who are not registered for birth\nand require immediate intervention. From\n2020 there have not been any registration\nactivities in the Afar region. Registration will\nrestart in 2024.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n\n**Alemwach** : the birth registration of refugee\nchildren relocated immediately after the\nconflict in Tigray did not take place mainly\ndue to the security concerns related to the\nconflict in Tigray and the suspension of\nregistration by the Government. As a result,\nabout 1,000 children were unable to get\nregistered. UNHCR took alternative\nmeasures to assist these children and\nregister them using KOBO software to ensure\nthat they could receive humanitarian\nassistance. As of 1 June 2024, about 700\nchildren included in the KOBO list were\ntransferred into UNHCR\u00b4s registration system\nproGres and issued the required documents.\nThe remaining children will be transferred in\nthe same way, despite the challenges in\ninternet connectivity in the region.\n\n**Assosa** : In Tsore refugee camp, there are\nabout 6300 children waiting for birth\nregistration. For other refugee camps in\nAssosa, a few cases have been handled on a\ncase-by-case basis through protection\nlitigation desk with teams composed of RRS,\nUNHCR, and child protection partners.\n\n**Bokh** : There is no functional vital events\nregistration. As a result, about 382 children\nwithout a birth registration have been\nidentified by UNHCR and partner OWSDevelopment Fund.\n\n**Borena and South-Omo settlements** : For\nthese locations, there is no dedicated\npresence of UNHCR and RRS staff. The\nnumber of refugee children registered in\nBorena and South-Omo stand at 1,754 and\n2,290 respectively. There is no available data\non their birth registration.\n\n**Gambella** : In 2019, RRS collaborated with\nImmigration and Citizenship Services to\nlaunch a mass registration campaign and\nissue birth certificates. The campaign\nresolved certain difficulties, but not to the\nintended level, and many children\u2019s births are\nstill not registered. Exceptionally, cases of\nminors with ongoing/active resettlement\n\n\n\ncases have been processed case-by-case\nthrough collaborative litigation between RRS\nand UNHCR. Other incidents were examined\ntogether with community leaders, including\nunannounced home visits to verify family\nlinks. Regardless, the issue of infants born\noutside the camp or born in other parts of the\ncountry (Addis Ababa, Benishangul Gumuz,\nsurrounding Gambella cities, etc.) remains\nunsolved. Approximately 11,000. These\nchildren are between 0 and 8 and have been\nunregistered for over 5 years.\n\n**Jijiga** : Efforts to address the problem of the\nunregistered births of refugee children have\ntaken place since 2020. Among the\ncontributing factors are the government\nsuspension of registration and the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic which caused\nservice interruption. Since the second quarter\nof 2024, UNHCR and RRS have reinstated the\nprotection litigation desk to address this\nissue.\n\n**Melkadida** : According to the data available\nthrough UNHCRs partner Save the Children,\nthere were 3,414 unregistered child births as\nof December 2023. Through advocacy and\nengagement with the community, it was\nagreed to register children aged 0 to 5. In\n2024, about 2,125 children\u2019s births were\nregistered, while 1,289 children are waiting\nfor registration.\n\n**Shire and Mekelle** : Given the reduced RRS\npresence in the region, there is currently no\nbirth registration taking place.\n\n**Sudan Situation** (Metema, Kurmuk, Aftit and\nUra): With the relocation of refugees ongoing\nin both locations (Aftit and Ura), there is\ncurrently no activity regarding vital events\nregistration. This will be addressed as soon\nas the population is stabilized.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n## **V. Proposed** **recommendations to** **the Government of** **Ethiopia, Donors, and** **Humanitarian** **Partners**\n\n1. By the end of 2024, **UNHCR will**\n**support** **the** **Government** **of**\n**Ethiopia's** **civil** **registration**\n**authorities** **to** **scale** **up** **birth**\n**registration** and **simplify**\n**administrative procedures** to ensure\nthat children are registered and\nobtain birth certificates. Support with\nIT **infrastructure including laptops**\nwill be key. The allocation of 20\nlaptops is foreseen.\n\n\n2. **UNHCR** **to** **discuss** **with** **the**\n**Government** **of** **Ethiopia** **the**\n**possibility** **of** **alternative** **birth**\n**registration mechanisms** . This could\ninclude the establishment of **mobile**\n**birth** **registration** **modalities** to\nensure accessibility working closely\nwith the community incentive health\nworkers and the recruitment of an\nadditional task force for vital events\nregistration. This would also positively\ncontribute to obtaining birth records\nimmediately after birth for parents\nwho may have specific needs or other\ncomplications preventing them from\nobtaining birth registration.\n\n\n3. Concerning planning and\nprogramming: **UNHCR and RRS**\n**should** **include birth registration in**\n**the Country Refugee Response Plan**\n**for 2025 and beyond** . With this\napproach, it will be possible to obtain\nbetter countrywide results.\n\n\n\n4. Regarding the ongoing emergency\nresponses, by the end of 2024\n**UNHCR should identify resources**\n**and** **capacity** of vital events\nregistration in the existing camps and\nnewly established settlements of Aftit,\nAlemwach, and Ura to ensure\npermanency and continuity.\n\n\n5. **Community Awareness: A task force**\n**will** **be** **formed** **to** **promote**\n**community awareness about the**\n**importance of birth registration** .\nInvolve key community actors in\nbehavioral change and public\nsensitization campaigns, including\ncommunity structures, traditional,\nreligious, and youth leaders.\n\n\nIn line with UNHCR\u00b4s increased effort\nto ensure Accountability to Affected\nPopulations (AAP), information on\nbirth registration procedures will be\nprovided to communities, including\nprocedures for late registration, using\nInformation, Education and\nCommunication (IEC) materials\ntranslated into the various languages\nused by the community and\ncontinuous discussions with\ncommunity structures.\n\n\n6. **Existing Protection Working Groups**\n**at different levels should regularly**\n**discuss issues of birth registration**\n**with the involvement of health**\n**actors.** UNHCR and partners will also\nensure that birth registration is\nintegrated into other sectoral\nprograms including health, education,\nfood security, and nutrition. This will\nseamlessly help to advocate for\npolicies/programs to ensure that\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n\nchildren are not denied access to\nbasic services including education or\nhealth services due to a lack of birth\nregistration.\n\n\n**7.** **Support** **the** **Government** **of**\n**Ethiopia's** **commitment** to the\nSustainable Development Goals\n2030 achievements and its progress\non Target 16.9 foreseeing the\n\u2018provision of legal identity for all\nincluding free birth registrations.\u2019\n**Engage with the Government to**\n**ensure that refugees and other**\n\n\n\n**forcibly displaced persons are being**\n**included** **in** **Government** **target**\n**calculations.**\n\n\n8. **Donors' intervention and support**\nthrough funding and engagement\nwith the Government. **UNHCR to**\n**enhance advocacy efforts to donors**\nto garner support for the Government\nof Ethiopia\u2019s efforts to address gaps in\nbirth registration. The support and\nengagement from the donor\ncommunity will be vital to close these\ngaps.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n**For more information:**\n\n1. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) UN Commission on Human Rights (46th\nsess.: 1990: Geneva), Convention on the Rights of the Child., E/CN.4/RES/1990/74,\nUN Commission on Human Rights, 7 March 1990,\n[https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unchr/1990/en/47325 [accessed 23 September](https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unchr/1990/en/47325)\n2024].\n\n2. Organization of African Unity (OAU), African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of\nthe Child, CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (1990), 11 July 1990,\n[https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/oau/1990/en/13798](https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/oau/1990/en/13798) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n3. UN Human Rights Council, strengthening policies and programmes for universal\nbirth registration and vital statistics development, A/HRC/33/22, 1 July 2016,\n[https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/unhrc/2016/en/112328](https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/unhrc/2016/en/112328) [accessed\n23 September 2024]\n4. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global Action Plan to End\n\nStatelessness, 4 November 2014,\n[https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2014/en/101797](https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2014/en/101797) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n5. UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), A Passport to Protection: A Guide to Birth Registration\n\nProgramming, December 2013,\n[https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/unicef/2013/en/98159](https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/unicef/2013/en/98159) [accessed\n23 September 2024]\n6. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNHCR Policy on Child Protection,\n\nUNHCR/HCP/2024/01, 26 January 2024,\n[https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2024/en/147495](https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2024/en/147495) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n7. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNHCR Operational Guidance on\nChild Protection Core Programme Actions, UNHCR/OG/2024/03, 26 January 2024,\n[https://www.refworld.org/policy/opguidance/unhcr/2024/en/147496](https://www.refworld.org/policy/opguidance/unhcr/2024/en/147496) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n8. Ethiopia: Proclamation No. 1110/2019, Refugees Proclamation, Proclamation No.\n\n1110/2019, 27 February 2019,\n[https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/30352](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/30352) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n9. Proclamation on the Registration of Vital Events and National Identity Card (Proc.\nNo. 760/2012), 22 August 2012,\n[https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2012/en/123219](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2012/en/123219) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n10. Ethiopia: Proclamation No.1049/2017 Vital Events Registration and National Identity\nCard Proclamation, 7 August 2017,\n[https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/en/123758](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2017/en/123758) [accessed 23\nSeptember 2024]\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Challenges in access to birth registration for refugees and asylum-seekers in Ethiopia | SEPTEMBER 2024\n\n\n11. Ethiopia: Proclamation No. 213/2000 of 2000, The Revised Family Code, 4 July\n2000, [https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2000/en/73176](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2000/en/73176)\n\n[accessed 23 September 2024]\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/73a29f6e-f2a7-4912-bb81-a3ff75393582/Protection%20Brief%20on%20CP-%20September%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_556/raw/doc_556_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_556/raw/doc_556_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c5e506bc5da1be3fc66f9fbf2beceabf9f43d268..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_556/raw/doc_556_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,315 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF** **CZECHIA**\n\n## Operational Context\n\nBased on the number of refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection in 2024\n(320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection holders in Czechia, including new arrivals, were\nupdated to **338,736** people as of 31 March 2024, compared to 373,745 at the end of 2023 (source:\nMinistry of the Interior).\n\nIn January 2024, _Lex Ukraine_ was amended to extend Temporary Protection until March 2025.\nChanges introduced include an adjustment of the initial level of humanitarian benefits, maintaining\nsupport for the most vulnerable individuals, and the reduction of cost-free accommodation for all\nnew arrivals from 150 to 90 days.\n\n\nThis report presents an overview of refugees\u2019 demographic profiles and displacement patterns as\nwell as main findings regarding protection risks, priority needs and intentions of refugees from\nUkraine in Czechia. The analysis is based on 480 Protection Monitoring interviews and findings\nfrom focus group discussions with refugees from Ukraine across the country in the first quarter of\n2024.\n\n## Key Figures 338,736 320,000\n\n\n## 338,736 320,000\n\nTemporary Protection holders in Czechia\n\n\n\namong whom have registered for an extension\n\n\n## 92%\n\nof Protection Monitoring respondents are Temporary\nProtection holders\n## 32%\n\nof respondents have at least one household member\nmissing documentation or whose documents have\nexpired\n\n\n## 75%\n\nof respondents are women and children\n\n## 39%\n\nConsider accommodation an urgent need\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.8541309237480164, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5169565081596375, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of the Interior", - "confidence": 0.5702388286590576, - "start": 85, - "end": 89 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CZECHIA", - "confidence": 0.8461152911186218, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5332649350166321, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6761451959609985, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.6174652576446533, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.7071825861930847, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Czechia continued to conduct Protection Monitoring while also consulting different\ngroups of refugees though focus group discussions on protection risks and priority needs. Specific\nchallenges in accessing rights were reported. The key findings are highlighted below.\n\n### Protection Risk I\n\n\nThe number of respondents reporting a lack of critical documentation increased from 28% to 32%\nin the first quarter of 2024 compared to the last quarter of 2023. The increase was mainly in\nrelation to obtaining or renewing biometric passports (85%) and internal passports (19%), which\nimpacted the possibility to move freely, to access basic services as well as work and education.\nVarious factors hinder refugees\u2019 access to documentation, including associated processing fees,\nlong waiting periods, unavailability of services or lack of information on procedures.\n\n\n10% of the respondents also reported facing challenges in registering births, deaths, marriages,\nand divorces, and obtaining corresponding documents.\n\n\nUNHCR / March 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to housing:** Protection monitoring findings and focus group discussions have highlighted\nthat accommodation was the most urgently reported need (39% of respondents in first quarter of\n2024 compared to 27% in the last quarter of 2023), followed by employment.\n\n\n\nProtection monitoring shows a positive trend in\nthe percentage of respondents residing in\nrented accommodation with an increase from\n46% in the last quarter of 2023 to 59% in the\nfirst quarter of 2024. In parallel to this, the\npercentage of residents in collective\naccommodation facilities decreased from 12%\nto 6% during the same period. It is likely that\nmany refugees residing in collective\naccommodation facilities have already begun\nto relocate to rented housing as a result of the\nchanges in the provision of cost-free\naccommodation. This applies also to\nvulnerable persons, who previously continued\nto benefit from cost-free accommodation\nbeyond the 150 days. Findings from Protection\nMonitoring for this quarter confirm that 38% of\nthose having to leave their accommodation\nwas on account of the accommodation closing,\ncompared to only 22% in the last quarter of\n2023.\n\n\n## 39%\n\nConsider accommodation an urgent need\n\n\n\nfacilities across seven regions [1] highlighted the challenges in accessing sustainable and affordable\nhousing, including the psychological distress of a relocation to rented housing by some Ukrainian\nrefugees. This was found to be a particular concern amongst elderly persons, persons with\ndisabilities, single mothers, persons with serious medical conditions and their carers. Many\nexpressed reluctance to relocate, citing fatigue and fear of the unknown; some also appreciated\ntheir current living conditions and sense of community support, which they prefer over individual\nhousing. The motivation and/or possibility of refugees to relocate to standard housing varied\nsignificantly based on income and employment status, Czech language skills, vulnerabilities\nrelated to disabilities, age, family size and support from government services or informal networks.\n\n\nThe focus group discussions also underscored the precarious financial situation of many\nrefugees, including those engaging in low-paid work below their qualifications, which creates a\nbarrier for relocations to rented housing. 78% of respondents mentioned that they would not be\nable to cover costs of rented housing higher than CZK 5,000 (approximately USD 213) a month,\nwhich is well below market price.\n\n\nIn addition to the individual factors affecting relocations to standard housing, key informant\ninterviews and consultations with NGOs, representatives of local and regional governments, and\nexperts in social housing outlined a number of structural factors impacting relocations. These\ninclude the need to clarify and strengthen institutional roles and responsibilities in relation to\nrefugee assistance, the need to provide clear, understandable, and timely information on the\nupcoming housing changes, and the need to ensure unimpeded access of residents to social\nservices and counselling. Furthermore, findings suggest that the current situation and\noversaturation of the rental market in bigger cities should not be disregarded. Coordinated support\n\n\n_1 UNHCR-IOM: NEW BEGINNINGS: SUPPORTING THE DIGNIFIED RELOCATION OF UKRAINIAN TEMPORARY PROTECTION_\n\n_HOLDERS TO STANDARD HOUSING. Report on the Relocation of Ukrainian Temporary Protection Holders from Collective_\n_Accommodation Facilities to Standard Housing, April 2024_\n\n\nUNHCR / March 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9937744140625, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6657912731170654, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection\nMonitoring", - "confidence": 0.993575394153595, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7783065438270569, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6453043222427368, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.5875129103660583, - "start": 241, - "end": 243 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9807329177856445, - "start": 351, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9751503467559814, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Risk III\n\n**Access to work:** 10% of respondents who are unemployed reported challenges in accessing\nemployment, mainly due to language barriers, a lack of opportunities, as well as a lack of\neducation recognition, caring responsibilities for dependents, or a lack of information.\n\nFocus group discussions conducted by UNHCR [2]\n## highlighted challenges with women accessing 61%\n\nemployment due to a lack of childcare, Face language barriers in accessing\nkindergarten places and other childcare employment\narrangements, including for school-age children.\nGiven the large proportion of single female\ncaregivers, addressing this challenge will be key\nto increase access to work for this group and to\nmitigate protection risks including gender-based\nviolence, human trafficking and exploitation.\nWomen also raised challenges related to\nlanguage barriers in accessing employment.\nSpecific challenges in accessing quality language\ncourses at the correct level were also raised (high\ndemand for quality B1-level courses). The lack of\nadequate language skills leads to the inability to\nupscale professional skills and to seek meaningful\nemployment opportunities matching qualifications.\n\nWhen seeking employment through agencies, women reported cases of labour exploitation with\njobs that often involve long working hours, no breaks, no social protection coverage, and no\nannual leave. From protection monitoring, 24% of respondents reported working excessively long\nhours. 12% indicated they did not have an employment contract, while 3% reported the\nconfiscation of their documentation (e.g., passport) by their employer.\n\n### Protection Risk IV\n\n\n**Access to adequate healthcare:** In focus group discussions conducted by UNHCR with elderly\nUkrainian refugees [3], access to adequate healthcare emerged as the main concern. Participants\nhighlighted significant barriers, including difficulties finding a general practitioner and\nunderstanding a medical insurance system that is new to them.\n\n\nRefugees highlighted a particular challenge in doctors neglecting to consider medical histories\nfrom Ukraine, resulting in misdiagnoses and incorrect treatment. Some instances, such as when\nprescribed medications conflicted with known conditions, illustrated a disconnect between patient\nbackgrounds and treatment approaches in the Czech healthcare system. This forced some\nrefugees to rely on bringing medications from Ukraine, exacerbated by difficulties obtaining longterm prescriptions.\n\n\nLanguage barriers also hinder effective communication of health needs. Many focus group\ndiscussion respondents highlighted the need to rely on assistance during medical appointments.\nIt was also observed that participants face uncertainty about obtaining disability certificates, with\nmost participants unaware of the process. Notably, healthcare emerged as the fourth most\nimportant information need during protection monitoring.\n\n\n_2 UNHCR Focus Group Discussion with 10 Ukrainian refugee women 25-59 years of age in January 2024 in Prague._\n\n_3 UNHCR Focus Group Discussions with 28 Ukrainian elderly refugees aged 60-79 (26 women, 2 men) in Prague and Plzen in March -_\n\n_April 2024._\n\n\nUNHCR / March 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9764316082000732, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9671999216079712, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9982692003250122, - "start": 232, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.686475932598114, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Focus Group Discussion", - "confidence": 0.8330951929092407, - "start": 472, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9091306924819946, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Prague", - "confidence": 0.5317702293395996, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8024547100067139, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5394049882888794, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugee women", - "confidence": 0.5554604530334473, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "benefit, followed by grants for vulnerable groups. In comparison to Q4 of 2023, the main\nchallenges faced by respondents or their household members in accessing social protection\nbenefits remained as language barriers, a long waiting time and a lack of documents. Notably,\nthe percentage of respondents citing language barriers as a challenge rose from 56% to 75%.\n\n\n## 16%\n\nHealthcare is the fourth most important\ninformation need\n\n\n## 75%\n\nOf respondents citing language barriers as\na challenge\n\n\n\n_** Due to rounding some percent totals do not add up to 100%_\n\n_* Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added_\n\n\nUNHCR / March 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR and partners will continue to share identified needs and support the national response:\n\n\n - Tailor financial assistance to the specific needs of refugees residing in collective\naccommodation facilities to mitigate potential protection risks in the continued relocation of\nresidents to rented housing. The financial assistance should include access to the Czech\nsocial welfare system and tailored incentives based on the specific needs of the vulnerable\ngroup in question, including support to cover the cost of relocating, support to pay the\nhousing deposit, assistance in purchasing furniture, or more sustainable financial support.\n\n - Conduct effective information campaigns complemented by counselling and communitybased support programs for vulnerable residents of collective accommodation facilities.\n\n - Prioritize support to single female caregivers, including childcare, and mitigate protection\nrisks through the prevention of exploitation and trafficking, and supporting mental health and\npsychosocial wellbeing.\n\n - Ensure that public and private healthcare providers introduce or increase the number of\nvolunteers who serve as interpreters at doctors\u2019 appointments and spread information on\nsuch availability to improve the communication of ailments by Ukrainian refugee patients.\n\n - Disseminate information in languages and formats accessible to Ukrainian refugees of\ndifferent ages responding to the healthcare information needs of patients. Notably,\ninformation materials explaining insurance coverage and differences in healthcare protocols\nin Czechia and Ukraine would be useful, as well as a description of actions for obtaining\ndisability certificates.\n\n - Strengthen the access of service users to complaints and feedback mechanisms to improve\nthe quality of services and to inform refugees of procedures to provide feedback on services\nreceived, including through hotline numbers or other mechanisms to report complaints\nand/or to seek assistance in accessing services. Healthcare providers should implement\nfunctional feedback and complaints mechanisms in accessible languages and locations for\nrefugees, including elderly persons.\n\n - Increase the availability of Czech language classes at higher levels.\n\n\nUNHCR / March 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d9a9987-9312-4bd8-b108-fe5607d429a9/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q1_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_557/raw/doc_557_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_557/raw/doc_557_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 176c937ca2d8622fe2472da4744d9494c15f44e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_557/raw/doc_557_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,281 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION BRIEF** **CZECHIA**\n\n### APRIL- JUNE 2024\n\n## Operational Context\n\nBased on the number of Ukrainian refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection\nin 2024 (320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection holders in Czechia, including new arrivals,\nwere updated to **360,524** people as of **30 June 2024**, compared to 373,745 at the end of 2023\n(source: Ministry of the Interior).\n\n\n\nThis report presents an overview of refugees\u2019 demographic profiles as well as main findings\nregarding protection risks and priority needs of refugees from Ukraine in Czechia. The brief is\nbased on the analysis of **1,215 Protection Monitoring interviews** and findings from focus group\ndiscussions conducted by UNHCR with refugees from Ukraine across the country in the second\nquarter of 2024.\n\n## Key Figures 360,524 96%\n\n\n## 360,524 96%\n\nTemporary Protection holders in Czechia\n\n\n\nTemporary Protection holders in Czechia of Protection Monitoring respondents are\n\nTemporary Protection holders\n## 72% 29%\n\n\n## 29%\n\n\n\nof respondents and their household members\nare women and children\n\n\n\nof respondents and their household members consider accommodation as their highest\nare women and children priority need\n## 66% [35%]\n\n\n## 66% mentioned difficulties finding work in Czechia [35%]\n\n\n\nneed more information about job\nopportunities\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.9255779385566711, - "start": 140, - "end": 143 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7009375691413879, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of the Interior", - "confidence": 0.7220394611358643, - "start": 93, - "end": 97 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CZECHIA", - "confidence": 0.8754492402076721, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6113467812538147, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5264977216720581, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring respondents", - "confidence": 0.6489037275314331, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.7815382480621338, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5059295296669006, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6326192021369934, - "start": 155, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Czechia continued to conduct Protection Monitoring while also consulting different\ngroups of refugees though focus group discussions on protection risks and priority needs. Specific\nchallenges in accessing rights were reported. The key findings are highlighted below.\n\n\n#### Protection Risk I\n\n**Access to Temporary Protection (TP):** 96% of the\nrespondents are holders of Temporary Protection in\nCzechia. Among the respondents who did not apply\nfor Temporary Protection in Czechia (12 individuals,\n4%), the reasons were: not meeting the eligibility\ncriteria (3 individuals), not needing protection and\nrelated benefits (3 individuals), have applied for, or\nwere issued a different residence permit (3\nindividuals), and were Temporary Protection holders\nand have since transitioned to a different legal status\n(2 individuals).\n\n## 10%\n\n\nof respondents (119 individuals) reported some\nchallenges with the **Temporary** **Protection**\n**application or extension process.**\n\n\nThe main challenges related to applying for\nTemporary Protection included: difficulties with\nonline enrolment, long waiting times to receive a\ndecision, lack of required documents (such as ID or\nproof of address) to complete the registration\nprocess, and refusal of access to registration\nprocedures.\n\n\nWith respect to the extension of Temporary\nProtection, challenges included: difficulties with\nonline enrolment for extension of Temporary\nProtection, lack of required documents (such as ID\nor proof of address) to extend Temporary\nProtection, and refusal of access to the extension\nprocedure.\n\n\nOnly 4% of respondents reported lack of\ninformation about the Temporary Protection\napplication or extension procedure.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|What was the main difficulty you
experienced during the Temporary
Protection application process?
(N=119)
Difficulties with online
43%
enrolment
Long wait times to
receive decision on 20%
application
Did not have required
documents (such as ID 18%
documents, proof of\u2026
Refusal of access to the
6%
registration procedure
Lack of information
about the application 4%
process
Lack of language
3%
interpretation services
Other (specify) 2%
What was the main difficulty you|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|2%
3%
3%
4%
8%
12%
12%
53%
Other (specify)
Difficulty accessing
points for obtaining\u2026
Lack of language
interpretation services
Lack of information
about the extension\u2026
Refusal of access to the
extension procedure
Did not have required
documents (such as\u2026
No difficulties with TP
extension (my issues\u2026
Difficulties with online
enrolment
**What was the main difficulty you**
**experienced during the Temporary**
**Protection extension process?**
(N=119)|**What was the main difficulty you**|**What was the main difficulty you**|\n|2%
3%
3%
4%
8%
12%
12%
53%
Other (specify)
Difficulty accessing
points for obtaining\u2026
Lack of language
interpretation services
Lack of information
about the extension\u2026
Refusal of access to the
extension procedure
Did not have required
documents (such as\u2026
No difficulties with TP
extension (my issues\u2026
Difficulties with online
enrolment
**What was the main difficulty you**
**experienced during the Temporary**
**Protection extension process?**
(N=119)|**What was the main difficulty you**||\n\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of respondents were not able to obtain, replace or\nrenew their identity documents in Czechia.\n\n\n83% of them stated that the reason were restrictions\nin consular services related to new mobilization rules\nin Ukraine, while 13% reported that the document in\nquestion was not issued in Czechia.\n\n\nMoreover, on a related question (\u2018What was the\nreason why you went back to Ukraine last time?\u2019),\n15% indicated obtaining documentation as the main\nreason for going back to Ukraine on the last\noccasion.\n\n#### Protection Risk II\n\n\npriority need.\n## 29%\n\nreported accommodation as their highest priority\nneed.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Why are you unable to
replace/renew/issue this document
in the Czech Republic?
Because of restrictions
in consular services 83%
related to new\u2026
The documents are not
issued in the host 13%
country
I do not know the
4%
procedure
Processing/ waiting
3%
time is too long
I do not have
2%
supporting documents
I cannot afford
administrative or other 2%
associated costs|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|












|**What are currently the top three**
**priority needs of your household?**
**(N=1215)**|**What are currently the top three**
**priority needs of your household?**
**(N=1215)**|**What are currently the top three**
**priority needs of your household?**
**(N=1215)**|\n|












|Accommodation|29%|29%|\n|












|7%
9%
9%
11%
17%
19%
23%
26%
Medicines
Trainings/Education of
adults
Education for children
under 18
Legal status in this
country
Healthcare services
No needs
Employment /
Livelihoods support
Language courses|7%
9%
9%
11%
17%
19%
23%
26%
Medicines
Trainings/Education of
adults
Education for children
under 18
Legal status in this
country
Healthcare services
No needs
Employment /
Livelihoods support
Language courses|7%
9%
9%
11%
17%
19%
23%
26%
Medicines
Trainings/Education of
adults
Education for children
under 18
Legal status in this
country
Healthcare services
No needs
Employment /
Livelihoods support
Language courses|\n\n\nbeing under pressure to leave. The main sources of pressure were the termination of free or\nsubsidized accommodation (36%) and the decision of landlords to no longer provide\naccommodation (33%). These findings reflect the change in legislation whereby cost-free\naccommodation will no longer be available for vulnerable Temporary Protection holders, and\naccommodation for new arrivals is reduced from 150- to 90-days, effective 1 September 2024.\n\n\n\nOut of those who at least partially cover rent themselves, one-fifth (21%) indicated that they\nexperienced challenges in paying rent in the past three months, including paying rent on time.\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "priority needs of your household", - "confidence": 0.9137719869613647, - "start": 334, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "decisions.\n\n\nFindings from Protection Monitoring indicate 'where to find accommodation' as the third-most\nprevalent information need (19%). The main challenges in accessing information include not\nknowing where to look for it, not knowing which information to trust, and available information not\nresponding to needs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFemale respondents (63% of\ntotal) were amongst those who\nreported facing specific\nchallenges in relation to\nhousing. Overall, they were\nslightly more likely to\nexperience difficulties in paying\nrent.\n\n\nFurthermore, Ukrainian elderly\nrefugee women in Plzen\nconsulted by UNHCR in April\nraised concerns over their\nability to afford housing postSeptember, underscoring the\ndifficulty of finding suitable\nhousing within budget\nconstraints.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9903455376625061, - "start": 4, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7904833555221558, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Plzen", - "confidence": 0.5797376036643982, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9323595762252808, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to decent work:** Among the key barriers to accessing work,\nrespondents mentioned a lack of knowledge of the Czech language (41%),\n## 66% inability to find a job with decent pay (24%), inability to find a job with a\n\nsuitable or flexible schedule (18%), and lack of opportunities commensurate\n\nmentioned\n\nwith skills or professional experience (18%). These findings were also\n\ndifficulties in\n\nreflected in focus group discussions conducted by UNHCR with Ukrainian\n\nfinding\n\nrefugee women in Plzen in April (elderly women) and in Cesky Krumlov in\n\nwork in Czechia.\n\nMay.\n\nEmployment/livelihoods support was mentioned as one of the top three priority needs (23%) of\ninterviewed households.\n\n\n## 66%\n\n\n\nmentioned\ndifficulties in\nfinding\nwork in Czechia.\n\n\n\nMoreover, in terms of information needs 35% of respondents indicated a need for more\ninformation about job opportunities; this was the highest reported information need.\n\n#### Protection Risk IV\n\n\n**Access to adequate healthcare:** As per the Protection Monitoring, 26% of respondents indicated\nhaving had a health problem in the last 30 days and needing to access health care. Of these, 6%\nwere unable to obtain the needed healthcare. Key reasons for not being able to access the\nneeded care included: inaccessibility of health facilities/inability to make an appointment (48%),\nlanguage barriers (31%), long waiting times (21%), and refusal of staff to provide care (14%).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9647419452667236, - "start": 89, - "end": 92 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.819434404373169, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Plzen", - "confidence": 0.7764639854431152, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9908961653709412, - "start": 201, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6536679267883301, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.5532225966453552, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9739179015159607, - "start": 299, - "end": 300 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9754396080970764, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to a pediatrician. These findings are in line with reports from focus group discussions held by\nUNHCR with Ukrainian refugee women in Olomouc in June, some of whom reported to have had\nto travel to other towns for specific medical needs.\n\n## Calls to Action\n\n\nUNHCR and partners will continue to share identified needs and to support the national response:\n\n\n - Provide continued support to refugees transitioning to standard housing, including:\n\n`o` Provide practical guidance and orientation on housing for refugees residing in collective\n\naccommodation facilities including those who will need to move to private\naccommodation.\n\n`o` Continue proactive information provision alongside individual social counselling and\n\nsupport for vulnerable refugees, particularly elderly persons and single mothers, residing\nin collective accommodation facilities for housing solutions. Official information channels\nand hotlines, particularly those of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labour\nand Social Affairs, should continue to be shared with refugees for trusted and up to date\ninformation on entitlements, housing, and available support. Refugees can also be\nreferred to refugee-led organisations and NGOs, including UNHCR\u2019s partners, that can\nprovide orientation on housing. Tailored social support through social workers,\ncomplemented by NGOs and refugee-led organisations, should in particular be directed\nat facilities that are expected to have high numbers of residents moving out.\n\n`o` Providers of collective accommodation should communicate to residents whether they\n\nwould be able to continue to reside in the facilities, enabling them to make informed\ndecisions about their future housing. They should also share information on the new\nprices that refugees are expected to pay from 1 September onwards to remain in these\nfacilities.\n\n`o` Raise awareness of the protection risks associated with refugee women who experience\n\nchallenges in paying rent and provide individualised counselling and support.\n\n`o` Information on the changes on humanitarian benefits, effective 1 August, should continue\n\nto be shared with vulnerable individuals and assistance in accessing these benefits\nshould be strengthened.\n\n - Share updated information on available Czech language courses offered by different\nproviders, including the Labour Office, municipal community centres, NGOs, RLOs,\nlanguage institutes, etc. Continue to broaden the provision of Czech language courses for\nrefugees by tailoring them to the needs of relevant employment sectors.\n\n - Share information on ongoing government initiatives that support the employment of\nrefugees including career counselling services, job opportunities, provision of information on\nirregular employment risks, and employment rights.\n\n - Strengthen collaboration with private sector companies to provide work placements,\ninternship opportunities, and sustainable employment to refugees.\n\n - Offer guidance sessions and seminars on navigating bureaucratic hurdles to starting private\nbusinesses, and to understanding employment rights, business and trade regulations.\n\n - Continue to raise awareness about how to stay safe during the search for jobs to prevent\nand mitigate risks of exploitation and trafficking.\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[online/), and continue to deliver information sessions.](https://help.unhcr.org/czech/safe-online/)\n\n - Share information about the Ministry of Health's hotline, where refugees can seek support\nin the Ukrainian language, and may inquire about available interpretation services during\ndoctor's appointments. Increase the number of volunteers, who may be interpreters at the\ndoctor's appointment and spread information on such availability.\n\n - Connect refugees with community-based resources including refugee-led organizations, and\nNGOs to support access to health services. Strengthen two-way communication with\npatients integrating refugees\u2019 feed-back into service delivery.\n\n\n**UNHCR / June 2024** **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fa4e017-2dc8-45ad-a2a0-537bafd225c6/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q2_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_558/raw/doc_558_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_558/raw/doc_558_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 600b0eb2b2509beec16651ce8c4d291f60085d2c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_558/raw/doc_558_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,286 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION BRIEF** **CZECHIA**\n\n### JULY- SEPTEMBER 2024\n## Operational Context\n\nBased on the number of Ukrainian refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection\nin 2024 (320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection holders in Czechia, including new arrivals,\nwere updated to **384,558** people as of **29 September 2024**, compared to 373,745 at the end of\n2023 (source: Ministry of the Interior).\n\n\nThis report presents an overview of refugees\u2019 profiles as well as main findings regarding\nprotection risks and priority needs of refugees from Ukraine in Czechia. The brief is based on the\nanalysis of **438 Protection Monitoring interviews** conducted with refugees from Ukraine in all\nthe 14 regions as well as findings from focus group discussions in the third quarter of 2024.\n\n## Key Figures 384,558 71%\n\n\n\nTemporary Protection holders in Czechia\nas of 29 September 2024 [1]\n\n\n\nTemporary Protection holders in Czechia of Temporary Protection holders are women\nas of 29 September 2024 [1] and children [2]\n## 98% 34%\n\n\n\nof Protection Monitoring respondents are\nTemporary Protection holders\n\n\n## 34%\n\n\n\nof Protection Monitoring respondents are of respondents consider accommodation as\nTemporary Protection holders their highest priority need\n## 67% 29%\n\n\n## 29%\n\n\n\nof working age respondents are employed in\nCzechia\n\n\n1 Ministry of the Interior, Czechia\n\n2 Ministry of the Interior, Czechia\n\n\n\nof respondents need more information about\njob opportunities\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.9462065100669861, - "start": 137, - "end": 140 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7000969648361206, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of the Interior", - "confidence": 0.8230632543563843, - "start": 93, - "end": 97 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CZECHIA", - "confidence": 0.7198681235313416, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6334011554718018, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5551601052284241, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5134121179580688, - "start": 120, - "end": 123 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.5186934471130371, - "start": 157, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.9384891390800476, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8420624732971191, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5858093500137329, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Temporary Protection holders", - "confidence": 0.9217878580093384, - "start": 176, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6619940d-c707-4a9d-9ac2-26c35047b372/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q3_2024_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As part of a regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise, UNHCR collects and analyses\non a quarterly basis data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine\nin Czechia, through individual interviews and focus group discussions with diverse groups. The\nkey findings are highlighted below.\n#### Protection Risk I\n\n\n**Access to Temporary Protection (TP):** 98% of the respondents are holders of Temporary\nProtection in Czechia. Only 1% (five individuals) provided that their application for Temporary\nProtection was pending, whilst also 1% (four individuals) did not apply for Temporary Protection\nin Czechia. The reasons being, that they applied for refugee status, did not meet the eligibility\ncriteria, did not stay in the country, or had since transitioned to a different legal status. Overall,\naccess to Temporary Protection in Czechia continues to remain high.\n\n\nof respondents (55 individuals) reported facing some challenges with the Temporary\n## 13%\nProtection application or extension process.\n\nIn line with previous reports, the main challenges related to applying for Temporary Protection\nwere long waiting times to receive a decision (44%), a lack of required documents (such as ID or\nproof of address) to complete the registration process (40%), and, despite its overall decrease in\nprevalence, a lack of interpretation (20%). Awareness of the process continues to be relatively\nhigh with only 16% of respondents reporting lack of information on the registration or extension\nof their status.\n\n\n**Access to documentation:** With respect to\nidentity documents, 24% of respondents reported\nat least one household member not having\ndocumentation or holding expired documents. The\nmain type of missing document was an\ninternational passport (88%) and the most\ncommon reason for the inability to renew or\nreplace the missing or expired document was the\nunavailability of service (70%). 47% of households\nwith missing documents indicated being impacted\nby this, most often by not being able to move freely\nor to access basic services.\n\n#### Protection Risk II\n\n**Access to adequate housing:** As for Q3 findings from Protection Monitoring interviews\nhighlighted accommodation as the highest priority need for respondents (147 respondents, 34%).\n\n## 34%\n\nreported accommodation as their highest\npriority need\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise", - "confidence": 0.6468018889427185, - "start": 4, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9266677498817444, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.585444986820221, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5227115154266357, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6619940d-c707-4a9d-9ac2-26c35047b372/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q3_2024_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "precariousness of their living arrangements with all\nrespondents providing that they have to leave their\naccommodation within three months due to the end\nof their housing programme (100%). Half of\nrespondents indicated that their departure is on\naccount of being asked to leave (50%), being\nunable to afford rent (50%) and/or renting another\nplace (50%). [3]\n\n\nFurthermore, 32% of respondents in collective\naccommodation facilities are not sure how long\nthey can stay in their accommodations. In\ncomparison, 7% of those living in rented\naccommodation do not know how long they can\nstay. The lack of information affecting residents of\ncollective accommodation facilities likely emanates\nfrom changes in the law limiting state-provided housing to those newly arrived effective 1\nSeptember 2024. During focus group discussions conducted in Brno, Ostrava and Prague in\nAugust and September, some participants paying to live in collective accommodation facilities\nreported being worried about having to leave their accommodation in the coming months should\nthere be need for collective accommodation facilities to create additional space for newcomers.\nParticipants also expressed significant financial strain in covering the costs of their\naccommodation.\n\n\nWhile only 4% of respondents (17 households) reside in accommodation provided by their\nemployer, it is noteworthy that their information and other priority needs are heightened. While\naccommodation was indicated as a priority need by only 13% of respondents, employment and\ninformation needs were much higher for this group, mentioned by 53% and 27%, respectively,\ncompared to 32% and 12% of respondents overall. This group also highlighted a much higher\nneed for information on legal status (40%), Temporary Protection (27%) and how to claim asylum\n(20%) than the overall respondents (26%, 15% and 5% respectively). These findings may reflect\nthat Ukrainian Temporary Protection respondents living in employer-provided housing face\nbarriers to accessing information and may be seeking\nassistance in finding new employment and in relation to their\nlegal status.\n\n\nFinally, out of those who do not have a rental contract (6%),\nthe majority of respondents (92% in comparison to 75% in\nQ1) are in this situation because the unit is rented by another\nperson or entity. This may indicate a prevalence of sublease\nschemes. During UNHCR\u2019s focus group discussions with\nUkrainian Temporary Protection holders in Brno and Prague\nin August, some participants highlighted having encountered\nchallenges with sublease schemes, including facing higher\nthan market-rate rent propositions.\n\n\n3 Multiple responses were possible.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on legal status", - "confidence": 0.7793562412261963, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8593423366546631, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8647540211677551, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian Temporary Protection respondents", - "confidence": 0.8485514521598816, - "start": 345, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6619940d-c707-4a9d-9ac2-26c35047b372/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q3_2024_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to decent work:** The key barrier to accessing work, according\nto respondents who are unemployed, is a lack of knowledge of the Czech\nlanguage (59%). This finding was also reflected in focus group\ndiscussions conducted by UNHCR with Ukrainian refugee women and\nmen in Brno, Ostrava in Prague in August and September, where\nrefugees reported challenges in securing jobs that matched their\nqualifications due to language barriers. All participants in the focus group\ndiscussions emphasized the need for better language proficiency to\nimprove their employment prospects.\n\n\n\nof Protection\nMonitoring\nrespondents of\nworking age are\nemployed in host\ncountry\n\n\n\nNevertheless, 67% of respondents reported being\nemployed compared to 60% in Q1. . [4] Moreover,\nrespondents\u2019 access to earnings also increased\nfrom 87% to 93% during the same time period.\nWorking excessively long hours also decreased\nfrom 24% to 16%. These findings ostensibly\nindicate an improvement in access to employment\nand in working conditions amongst Ukrainian\nTemporary Protection holders.\n\nEmployment continued to be mentioned as one of\nthe top two priority needs (32%) of households\ninterviewed.\n\nMoreover, in terms of information, 29% of respondents indicated a need for more information\nabout job opportunities; this continued to be the highest reported information need.\n\n\n4 As per the 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey conducted by UNHCR, this figure could be as high as 79% amongst working-age\nUkrainian refugees. The data was collected in the period 15 May-16 July.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group\ndiscussions", - "confidence": 0.893474817276001, - "start": 43, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5052028298377991, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host\ncountry", - "confidence": 0.6039963364601135, - "start": 112, - "end": 114 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.8278409838676453, - "start": 244, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9539614915847778, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9830736517906189, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9998675584793091, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working-age\nUkrainian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9859083294868469, - "start": 262, - "end": 265 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6619940d-c707-4a9d-9ac2-26c35047b372/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q3_2024_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR and partners will continue to share identified needs and to support the national response:\n\n\n - Continue to support refugees transitioning to standard housing from collective\naccommodation facilities during this period of transition. Support to affected refugees,\nparticularly those considered to be vulnerable, could include:\n\n`o` Continuing to proactively provide information alongside individual social counselling:\nOfficial information channels and hotlines, particularly those of the Ministry of the Interior\nand the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, should continue to be shared with refugees\nfor trusted and up-to-date information on entitlements, housing, and available support.\nTailored social support through social workers, complemented by NGOs including\nUNHCR\u2019s partners and refugee-led organisations, should in particular be directed at\nfacilities that are expected to have high numbers of residents moving out.\n\n`o` Continuing to provide information by providers of collective accommodations to residents\non their possibilities to continue to reside in the facilities, enabling refugees to make\ninformed decisions about their future housing and to request tailored social support.\n\n - Continue to provide targeted support to refugees residing in employer-provided housing,\nincluding by monitoring their employment and housing situation, assessing their needs, and\nproviding information on their rights and obligations and access to Temporary Protection,\nwhere applicable.\n\n - Continue to share information on available Czech language courses offered by different\nproviders, including Labour Offices, municipal community centres, NGOs, refugee-led\norganisations, language institutes and other actors. Continue to broaden the provision of\nCzech language courses for refugees by tailoring them to the needs of relevant employment\nsectors.\n\n - Continue to strengthen collaboration with private sector companies to provide work\nplacements, internship opportunities, and sustainable employment to refugees.\n\n - Continue to share information on available guidance sessions and seminars for refugees on\nunderstanding employment rights.\n\n - Engage with the Labour Inspectorate and other national bodies to strengthen the monitoring\nof employment conditions and to safeguard the rights of Ukrainian workers.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6619940d-c707-4a9d-9ac2-26c35047b372/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q3_2024_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_559/raw/doc_559_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_559/raw/doc_559_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b66f5695402e7f3c0b5f744f1505e7b5fb9a13e9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_559/raw/doc_559_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,322 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION BRIEF** **CZECHIA**\n\n### OCTOBER \u2013 DECEMBER 2024\n\n## Operational Context\n\nBased on the number of Ukrainian refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection\nin 2024 and new arrivals registered during the year, the figures of active Temporary Protection\nholders registered in Czechia were updated to **389,263** people as of **31 December 2024** ( **71%**\nare women and children), compared to 373,745 at the end of 2023 (source: Ministry of the\nInterior).\n\nAs part of a regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise, UNHCR collects and analyses\non a quarterly basis data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine,\nthrough individual interviews and focus group discussions with diverse groups.\n\nThis report is based on the analysis of **432 Protection Monitoring interviews** conducted in 14\nregions in Czechia and findings from focus group discussions conducted by UNHCR with\nrefugees from Ukraine between October and December 2024.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData from Protection Monitoring interviews is complemented by findings from Participatory\nAssessments conducted by UNHCR with Ukrainian refugees. Between January and December\n2024, UNHCR with the support of partners, conducted 31 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and\nsix Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) in 13 regions. In total UNHCR interviewed 355 individuals.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.8932961225509644, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9678921699523926, - "start": 121, - "end": 122 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5319151878356934, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5501511693000793, - "start": 140, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.7361769080162048, - "start": 180, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5781346559524536, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9340139627456665, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5412912368774414, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7556337714195251, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.5761615633964539, - "start": 238, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6777104735374451, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.878028154373169, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 389,263\n\nTemporary Protection holders registered in\nCzechia\n\n## 97%\n\nof respondents are Temporary Protection\nholders\n\n## 63%\n\nof working age respondents are employed\nin Czechia (59% are employed in person and\n4% remotely)\n## 29%\n\nconsider accommodation as their second\nhighest priority need\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n## 71%\n\nare women and children\n\n## 26%\n\nidentified information about legal status as\nthe most urgent information need\n\n## 34%\n\nconsider employment as their highest priority\nneed\n\n## 10%\n\nof households have at least one child who is\nnot registered for education\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Out of 432 respondents, 12% of them are new arrivals who left Ukraine in 2024, 53% are female\nand 47% are male, as compared to 38% of respondents being male overall. Among male new\narrivals, 44% are single adults. The average age of respondents arrived in 2024 was 35\n(specifically, 36 for men, 34 for women), as compared to 41 for respondents overall (41 being the\naverage age for both men and women).\n\n\n21% of respondents arrived during 2024 originate from Zakarpatska oblast in Western Ukraine,\nfollowed by respondents coming from Eastern Ukraine, respectively 13% from Kharkivska and\n11% from Dnipropetrovska oblasts, both some of the most war-affected regions.\n\n\nAccess to Temporary Protection for new arrivals (2024) was higher for female respondents (96%\nwere granted TP), than for male respondents (88%). In addition, 50% of male arrivals reported\nfacing difficulties during the Temporary Protection application, compared to 33% for female\nrespondents. For male new arrivals, difficulties faced were related to lack of documents (58%),\nlack of information (42%), and other difficulties including denies access (17%), difficulties\naccessing procedures (17%), difficulties accessing registration points (17%), long wait (17%),\nregistration in another EU Member State (8%), and other reasons (8%). [1] In addition, information\nneeds on legal status among respondents were higher for male new arrivals (28%) than for female\n(7%).\n\n\n_1 Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Temporary Protection application", - "confidence": 0.6976709961891174, - "start": 180, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7479422092437744, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU Member State", - "confidence": 0.7376108765602112, - "start": 256, - "end": 259 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9146209359169006, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "male new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.5944551229476929, - "start": 193, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As part of a regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise, UNHCR collects and analyses\non a quarterly basis data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine\nin Czechia, through individual interviews and focus group discussions with diverse groups. The\nkey findings are highlighted below.\n\n#### Protection Risk I\n\n\n**Access to Temporary Protection (TP):** 97% of\nthe respondents (421 individuals) are holders of\nTemporary Protection in Czechia. Only less than 1%\n(three individuals) were waiting for a decision to their\nTemporary Protection application, while 1% had a\n\u2018visa of tolerance\u2019 (5 individuals).\n\n## 26% of respondents identified information about legal status as the most urgent\n\ninformation need.\n\n\nThis is most likely explained by the fact that the new amendment to Lex Ukraine ( _Lex Ukraine VII)_\nis pending approval, raising uncertainty in relation to the extension of Temporary Protection for\nrefugees from Ukraine, which is currently due to end in March 2025. It is expected that _Lex_\n_Ukraine VII_ will be adopted by the end of January 2025, allowing for extension procedures to be\nlaunched prolonging the validity of Temporary Protection until March 2026.\n\n\nAmong those who did not apply for Temporary\nProtection (8 individuals), three were not\neligible, two were denied access to the\nprocedure, one transited to another legal status,\nwhile one preferred not to answer. The\nlegislation in Czechia does not allow Ukrainian\nnationals who were applicants or holders of\nTemporary Protection in another EU Member\nState to obtain Temporary Protection in\nCzechia.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Access to documentation:** With respect to\nidentity documents, there has been a decrease of\n10% in respondents since September who have\nreported at least one household member not having\ndocumentation or holding expired documents (from\n24% to 14%). The main type of missing document\nwas an international passport (64%) and the most\ncommon reason for the inability to renew or replace\nthe missing or expired document was the inability to\nupdate military registration data (60%) or\nunavailability of service in Czechia (30%). 48% of\nhouseholds with missing documents indicated being\nimpacted by this, most often by not being able to\nmove freely or to access basic services.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise", - "confidence": 0.7658504247665405, - "start": 4, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9631739258766174, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.5296188592910767, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5259464383125305, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "respondents). Moreover, in terms of information, 31% of respondents indicated a need for more\ninformation about job opportunities; this continued to be the highest reported information need. [2]\n\nThe key barriers to accessing work,\naccording to respondents who are\nunemployed (9%), is a lack of knowledge of\nthe Czech language (57%), followed by a\nlack of employment opportunities (49%). [3]\nMore than half of respondents (56%)\nconsider themselves overqualified for their\ncurrent job position highlighting a common\nissue amongst Ukrainian refugees. This\nfigure rises to 62% in the case of female\nrespondents.\n\nData from Protection Monitoring shows that :\n\n\n - **21%** of respondents reported working excessively long hours;\n\n - **10%** reported not having a formal contract with their employer;\n\n - **9%** reported not having regular access or only partial access to their earnings;\n\n - **3%** reported their identity documents have been collected and kept by their employer.\n\n\nIn addition, 9% reported living in employer-provided housing. To mitigate risks of trafficking and\nexploitation facing refugees from Ukraine, UNHCR in collaboration with partners organise\ntargeted awareness raising activities and outreach, including information on access to the antitrafficking SOS Line managed by UNHCR\u2019s partner La Strada, provide information and\ncounselling on employment and labour rights, to support national efforts.\n\n\n_2 Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n_3 Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9738161563873291, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7882266640663147, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**education in Czechia** ; the reasons being that 50%\nprefer online education, 33% do not have school places\navailable, 17% experience language barriers, 17% are\nnot planning to stay, and 17% for other reasons. Findings\nfrom Protection Monitoring interviews highlighted\neducation as the third highest priority need (23%).\n\n\nUNHCR is providing free access to complementary skills\ndevelopment training and higher education courses\nthrough the **Coursera** **platform**, which is available to\nUkrainian refugees in Czechia amongst others.\n\n\nAs of December 2024, over 560 Ukrainian learners have\njoined Coursera with over 400 actively enrolled in\ncourses. Courses are available in a wide range of\ndisciplines, including supporting upskilling and retraining to increase employability.\n\nThis initiative complements other ongoing activities\naimed at building the self-reliance of Ukrainian refugees,\nincluding the UNICEF-led Cesty programme.\n\n#### Protection Risk III\n\n\n**Access to adequate housing:** Findings highlighted accommodation as the second highest\npriority need (29%). [4]\n\n\nAmong respondents living in collective accommodation\nfacilities, this figure rose to 44% and is reported to be\nthe top priority. Some 12% of respondents living in\ncollective facilities accommodation provided that they\nhad to leave their accommodation within three months.\nTwo-thirds indicated that their departure was due to their\naccommodation being closed, while one-third reporting\nnot being able to afford paying rent to remain. 31% do\nnot know how long they can stay in their collective\naccommodation, highlighting the ongoing challenge of\nhousing instability. In line with the recommendations\nfrom the [UNHCR-IOM assessment with Ukrainian](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109045)\nrefugees in collective accommodation facilities,\nUNHCR\u2019s partners continued to provide counselling and\nsocial support to affected residents.\n\n\nAround 62% of respondents live in rented accommodation with 91% possessing a rental contract.\nThe information and awareness-raising sessions organised by UNHCR\u2019s partners have\nhighlighted the importance of rental contracts and associated rights, while guidance developed\nby partners on renting accommodation in Czechia seeks to support refugees in finding safe\naccommodation. In 2024, UNHCR\u2019s partners have conducted 2,069 individual counselling\nsessions with Ukrainian refugees, including on housing.\n\n\n_4 Multiple responses were possible, so percentages can go over 100% when added._\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.9595822095870972, - "start": 50, - "end": 53 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czechia", - "confidence": 0.9403296113014221, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6042470335960388, - "start": 97, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR and partners will continue to share identified needs and to support the national response:\n\n\n - Continue to provide tailor-made and targeted information and counselling for Ukrainian\nrefugees on registering for Temporary Protection and the criteria delimiting eligibility in\nCzechia, as well as on finding accommodation, accessing the labour market, and attending\nschool.\n\n - Continue to provide information for refugees on employment rights including the availability\nof individual legal counselling provided by UNHCR partners, refugee-led organizations and\nother actors to prevent and mitigate the risks of labour exploitation and trafficking, in support\nof national efforts. Continue to share information on accessing complaint and/or reporting\nmechanisms.\n\n - Continue to provide targeted support to refugees residing in employer-provided housing.\nThis support may include monitoring employment and housing conditions, assessing needs,\nand providing information on rights.\n\n - Continue to provide counselling and social support to refugees residing in collective\naccommodation facilities, including those transitioning to private housing. Support, in\nparticular to vulnerable refugees, could include the provision of information by facilities to\nresidents on their possibilities to continue to reside in the facilities, enabling the making of\ninformed decisions on housing and needs for tailored social support.\n\n - Continue to advocate with refugee communities on the importance of children enrolling in\nthe national education system.\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[Czechia Protection Monitoring Brief](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108462)\n[#1 (January - March 2024)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108462)\n\n\n\n[Czechia Protection Monitoring Brief](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110878)\n[#2 (April - June 2024)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110878)\n\n\n\n[Czechia Protection Monitoring Brief #3](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112893)\n[(July - September 2024)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112893)\n\n\n\n[UNHCR-IOM assessment](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109045) [UNHCR Czechia Protection Monitoring Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/reports/c19f7d8c-6fd9-43ef-be49-2a15142c39db/ReportSection8c92216bbf4c028639db?ctid=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&experience=power-bi)\n\n\nUNHCR is grateful for the support from our top government donors, the private\n\nsector and individuals to Czechia and the Ukraine situation:\n\n\nFor more information:\n[Barbara Colzi, Senior Protection Officer, colzi@unhcr.org](mailto:colzi@unhcr.org)\n[Tamara Stupalova, Information Management Associate, stupalov@unhcr.org](mailto:stupalov@unhcr.org)\n\n\nUNHCR / December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b013b422-e25a-4610-8397-bbffd0235da2/Protection%20Brief_Czechia_Q4_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_56/raw/doc_56_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_56/raw/doc_56_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 480020b527d7bf8339581f03c0f3b94b08788b5b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_56/raw/doc_56_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Context and Objectives**\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5e4f891-959a-383e-880c-c436e00ab86b/210913_Border-Wide_Consolidated%20Border%20Protection%20Analysis_COVID19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Thai-Myanmar Border Protection Analysis Updated September 2021 - COVID19 Review January-June 2021\n\n\n\ner provides camp passes to allow camp residents to leave\n\nthe camps for reasons such as seeking medical care, at\ntending court proceedings or any interventions required\n\nby NGOs for specific cases/camp residents. Only Health,\n\nWASH and waste management agencies have been al\nlowed to maintain limited access to camp. All other hu\nmanitarian agencies apply for access permission from\n\ncamp commander and inquiries evaluated on case-by\ncase basis. The restricted access has hampered the provi\nsion of assistance, particularly affecting the response to\n\nkey protection issues. Awareness-raising activities on\n\nprevention and risk mitigation for SGBV have been re\nduced and this gap has not been adequately filled\n\nthrough remote methods due to connectivity challenges.\n\n## **Protection Trends***\n\n\n**Gender Based Violence (GBV)** (new cases) **4%**\n\n\n**GBV survivors accessing Thai and camp-based** **27%**\n**justice** (new cases)\n\n\n**Serious child protection** (active cases) **127%**\n\n\n**Child neglect** (active cases) **37%**\n\n\n_*Represents comparison of Jan-June 2020 vs Jan-June 2021 statistics based on_\n_indicative data border wide_\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nlocations on the Thai-Myanmar border during the period\nJanuary-June 2021:\n\n- **Gender Based Violence (GBV),**\n\n- **Safety and Security and**\n\n- **Child Protection**\n\n**Gender-Based Violence**\n\n**Challenges in identifying and supporting serious crimes**\n\n**involving sexual violence** : The increased pressure on\n\nfamilies to meet their basic needs due to constraints on\n\naccessing the informal labour market, stress caused by\n\nthe lockdown and movement restrictions, as well as in\ncreased reports of alcohol and substance abuse have\n\nbeen observed as contributing factors to continued inci\ndents of domestic violence. For instance, while reports of\n\ndomestic violence did not increase between 2019 and\n\n2020, in 2021, UNHCR observed an increase of 48% in\n\nreports of domestic violence cases in the Tak camps. In\n\n2021, 48 cases have been reported in Mae Sot, 37 in\n\nMae Hong Song and 4 in Kanchanaburi.\n\n\nCOVID-19-related restrictions also contributed to un\nderreporting during the first quarter of 2021. The pres\nence of perpetrators of domestic violence, having to stay\n\nhome due to movement restrictions, may have likely dis\ncouraged survivors of violence to reports incidents.\n\nTherefore, victims have less access to reporting mecha\nnisms and assistance.\n\n\n\n**to work informally outside the camps to support their**\n\n**families, thus putting them at possible risk of deregistra-**\n\n**tion from the Ministry of Interior database.** Refugees in\n\nthis situation have approached UNHCR and other PWG\n\nmembers for their assistance on their registration status\n\nand birth registration/certificates, often in cases where\n\ntheir parents had been deregistered. However, unre\nsolved outstanding issues following the 2019 headcount\n\nexercise by the RTG has largely limited the PWG\u2019s advo\ncacy capacity on issues related to registration and docu\nmentation.\n\n\n**Refugees have faced even more constraints in accessing**\n\n**the informal and ad hoc self-reliance opportunities during**\n\n**the lockdown period, and there have been some interrup-**\n\n**tions and delays in livelihood activities and training.** As a\n\nresult, more refugees have expressed interest in agriculture\n\nactivities outside camps and partners have allocated more\n\nbudget to these activities to facilitate increased participa\ntion. Agricultural projects have been observed as a positive\n\nactivity to ensure the continued focus on self-reliance, to\n\ncombat idleness and boredom, and generally avoid other\n\nnegative coping mechanisms from arising. However, the\n\nmore recent lockdowns have impacted access to the part\nners\u2019 agriculture spaces outside the camps.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5e4f891-959a-383e-880c-c436e00ab86b/210913_Border-Wide_Consolidated%20Border%20Protection%20Analysis_COVID19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Thai-Myanmar Border Protection Analysis Updated September 2021 - COVID19 Review January-June 2021\n\n\n\nborder, serious child protection cases (active) increased by\n\n127% and active child neglect cases increased by 31% com\npared to the same period in 2020. Mae Hong Son reveals more\n\nworrying indicators, with 3 times more serious children protec\ntion cases and neglect reported. Noting that the lockdown has\n\nmade it challenging to identify new cases, the partners have\n\nobserved that the likelihood of child neglect has decreased\n\nwhereas the impact of neglect has increased. For example, the\n\nmore sustained and regular presence of parents/caregivers did\n\nnot necessarily mean better care of the children, particularly\n\nwhen affected by substance abuse by caregivers.\n\n\n**Children have stayed out of school for an extended period of**\n\n**time** though mitigating measures were taken by education part\nners such as support for home schooling and alternative learn\ning modalities. School closures, cancellation of school break\n\nactivities and reduced school hours were observed as triggers\n\nfor negative coping mechanisms to emerge, particularly youth\n\nabusing drugs and alcohol.\n\n\n**Children have stayed out of school for an extended period of**\n\n**time** though mitigating measures were taken by education part\nners such as support for home schooling and alternative learn\ning modalities. School closures, cancellation of school break\n\nactivities and reduced school hours were observed as triggers\n\nfor negative coping mechanisms to emerge, particularly youth\n\nabusing drugs and alcohol.\n\n\n\n\uf0de **Increase awareness on GBV** and support mechanisms in place to prevent and respond to GBV amongst\n\nthe communities (refugees and host) and humanitarian organisations. Community-based initiatives to\naddress drug and alcohol abuse are supported.\n\uf0de **Improve** **refugees\u2019 access to information for future planning** (such as documentation, safe migration and\n\nadvocacy support for solutions)\n\uf0de \uf049 **mprove the access of Persons with Disabilities and the most vulnerable** to services and information.\n\nImprove their inclusion in camp life.\n\uf0de **Strengthen coordination on Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse**\n\uf0de **Identify and address** **humanitarian workers and communities\u2019 protection capacity building** needs\n\uf0de **Support community to manage vulnerable child protection cases**\n\nThese activities will be complemented by overall and continuing dialogue with the RTG to improve the protection environment in the temporary shelters.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5e4f891-959a-383e-880c-c436e00ab86b/210913_Border-Wide_Consolidated%20Border%20Protection%20Analysis_COVID19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_560/raw/doc_560_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_560/raw/doc_560_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 68f22567cbdaa0f3663c62a24e8b3aed279da871..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_560/raw/doc_560_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nSince 8 October 2023, daily exchange of fire between Israel and armed groups in Lebanon\nhas significantly intensified, characterized by large-scale displacement and loss of civilian\nlife and causalities, damage to infrastructure, destruction of agricultural land and livestock,\nand the disruption of basic services including healthcare centers, water facilities, and\nschools in Lebanon. While the scope of impact had previously centered on south Lebanon,\nthe rapid and sustained escalation of multi-faceted attacks by Israel across Lebanon since\nmid-September 2024\u2014including sustained airstrikes against densely populated urban\nareas in Lebanon\u2019s capital Beirut\u2014has displaced hundreds of thousands of Lebanese,\nSyrians, Palestinian refugees, refugees of other nationalities, and migrants in under one\nmonth. As of 21 October 2024\u2014one year from the onset of hostilities\u2014the UN estimates\nthat over 809,000 people have been internally displaced in Lebanon in the past year, and\nover 425,000 Lebanese, Syrians, and other population groups have been displaced across\nthe border into Syria since the mid-September 2024 escalation.\n\nThis deteriorating security situation compounds Lebanon\u2019s ongoing socioeconomic and\npolitical crises, whereby limited state capacity to provide basic services has become further\nstrained. Moreover, the crisis comes atop the protracted displacement of 1.5 million Syrian\nrefugees ( _per_ _government estimates_ ), whereby many challenges faced by Syrians have\nbeen compounded by a constrained protection environment in recent years, including\nincreased administrative measures impacting access to residency, livelihood, and shelter.\n\n### Key Trends & Figures\n\n\nAs of **21 October 2024**, a year of hostilities had resulted in*:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Sources: OCHA, IOM, Ministry of Public Health, Disaster Risk Management Unit (21 October 2024)_\n\nFrom the onset of hostilities on 8 October 2023 until August 2024, over **110,000** people\n(51% women and girls) had been displaced within Lebanon ( _per_ _IOM_ ), with 97% from the\nsouthern governorates of Bint Jbeil, Marjaayoun, and Tyre. As hostilities escalated\ncountrywide in September 2024, nearly **700,000** additional people have been displaced\nwithin one month, with those from Tyre, Nabatiyeh, and Bint Jbeil accounting for 61% of\nthe total. Over 90% of the displaced have relocated northward, including to Beirut, Mount\nLebanon, and as far north as Akkar governorates.\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In this context, refugees have been gravely impacted by the situation, compounded by\nrestricted movement, concerns about legal status, and inequitable access to emergency\nand essential services. Since October 2023, an estimated **340,000** Syrians known to\nUNHCR are residing in areas most affected by hostilities, resulting in secondary\ndisplacement within Lebanon and return to Syria under adverse circumstances. Of those\n**425,000** who have crossed into Syria, an estimated 72% are Syrian.\n\n### Protection risks\n##### Protection Risk I\n\n\n**Ongoing threats to physical safety, including access to emergency accommodation**\n\n\nAs hostilities and civilian causalities increase, communities\u2014notably in South, Bekaa,\nBaalbek, and Beirut\u2014face dire insecurity in homes, public spaces, and roads, with limited\nperceived safe areas and regular airstrikes portending life threatening damage (including\nto dense urban residential infrastructure and healthcare facilities), alongside risks from\nunexploded ordnance and other explosive remnants of war. As of 21 October 2024, over\n11,500 people have been injured and over 2,000 killed as a result of such incidents, with\nthe majority occurring since mid-September 2024, per the Ministry of Public Health.\n\n\nIn this context, lack of access to emergency shelter for hundreds of thousands of displaced\nhas compounded safety risks, with growing numbers of families in several regions sleeping\nin the open amid limited collective shelter capacity. Areas considered relatively safe are\ncongested with families and cars from all communities who have not yet found shelter.\n\n\nCritically, displaced refugees and migrants across Lebanon face challenges of equal\naccess to collective shelter, while some displaced Lebanese reportedly struggle to find\nrental space amid landowner fears of perceived affiliation, with associated risks of rising\nsectarian conflict if such practices continue. Syrian and other families, in turn, face\ncontinued and growing risk of eviction due to rental price increases and opportunistic\nexploitation of tenants. For homeless families, the situation is intensified by exposure to the\nelements in the impending rainy and snowy winter season and a reported rise in physical\nattacks and abuse.\n\n\nIn parallel, for affected Syrians, safety risks are coupled by a pre-existing context of\nincreased administrative measures, evictions, and instructions by Lebanese authorities to\nvacate entire areas targeting those without legal residency, including in conflict zones. As\na result, those without documentation (notably men) or who fear arrest or deportation have\nself-restricted movements in recent months. Others report an inability to relocate from\nunsafe areas due to lack of funds for transport, lack of options, or administrative barriers to\naccessing municipalities or shelter. Still others opt for family separation, with some family\nmembers pursuing safer areas while other members stay behind. Conversely, some\nfamilies have begun to return home to conflict-affected areas due to exhausted resources.\n\n##### Protection Risk II\n\n\n**Individual protection risks for the most vulnerable (gender-based violence (GBV),**\n**child protection, and persons with specific needs (PwSN))**\n\n\nAmid both protracted and new displacement, insecurity, financial vulnerability, and other\nstrains, there is an elevated risk of abuse, exploitation, and violence against women,\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children, and other vulnerable groups. Since the onset of hostilities in October 2023, this\nhas included emotional violence against displaced women by hosting families and elevated\nreports and severity of intimate partner violence in both conflict-affected areas and within\ndisplaced families. For those in collective shelters since September 2024, lack of lighting,\npartitions, and privacy (including communal WASH facilities) elevate risks for women and\ngirls, while those on the streets face risks of harassment and abuse. Family separation\nfurther increases risks to women and children. In this context, UNHCR partners raise the\nurgent need for menstrual hygiene products, noting such purchases may be deprioritized\namid other household pressures, exposing women and girls to health concerns.\n\nFor children, risks of separation from family; risks of violence in the home, sexual\nharassment, and other abuses; and critical mental health needs are elevated. A lack of\nstable shelter and countrywide delays in the start of the academic year amid disruption of\n77% of public schools ( _per Ministry of Education and Higher Education)_ threatens children\u2019s\nimmediate safety and disrupts access to learning, healthcare, and other basic support. For\nthose impacted by hostilities since October 2023, protection actors have also observed\nincreased engagement in child labor, including its worst forms (hazardous agricultural and\nconstruction work). In parallel, protection actors report a rise in child marriage, sexual\nharassment, and abuse of children in overcrowded hosting homes.\n\nFinally, persistent insecurity, infrequent or late-night/time-bound evacuation alerts issued\nby the Government of Israel, displacement, homelessness, and _ad hoc_ shelter space pose\nparticular risks to those with mobility issues and other constraints, notably older people and\npeople with disabilities. Collective shelters\u2014rapidly identified and established\u2014often lack\nnecessary accommodations for accessibility, while those displaced without shelter may\nstruggle to access needed resources for support. Similarly, those with limited literacy and/\nor limited comfort with technology may struggle to access digital information or services,\ninstead relying on in-person identification and referrals that are themselves impacted by\naccess constraints.\n\n##### Protection Risk III\n\n\n**Urgent mental health needs**\n\n\nIn parallel, communities countrywide report dire mental health conditions due to instability,\nmounting airstrikes, frequent sonic booms, evacuation alerts, displacement, and\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "associated strain, notably among caregivers, children, and older people. Indicators of\nsignificant deterioration in mental health include panic attacks, disrupted sleep, substance\nabuse leading to risks of violence, child neglect, and child bedwetting, among others. GBV\nsurvivors since October 2023 have exhibited increased mental health needs, with reported\nsubstance abuse, lost sleep, aggressive behaviors, and depression. Similarly, high levels\nof distress have been reported among children, who urgently need tailored support.\n\n### Key elements of protection response\n\n\nRecognizing the long-standing and extensive protection response architecture in Lebanon\nand its role within the humanitarian coordination system\u2014including existing partners,\ncommunity-based structures, and coordination mechanisms for planning and individual\ncase referral\u2014UNHCR\u2019s Protection approach repurposes and upscales current systems to\naccommodate all population types with **flexible, area-based, and inclusive cross-**\n**population adaptations** for provision of services.\n\nIn line with this plan, UNHCR continues to prioritize objectives established in October 2023\nwhen hostilities began:\n\n\n**\u2022** **Advocacy** for cross-population response, equitable access to emergency shelter\nand other services, and community-based approaches inclusive of refugees and\nother vulnerable groups.\n\n**\u2022** **Provision of child protection, GBV, and PwSN assistance inside and outside**\n**collective shelters** with an emphasis on high-risk cases, including provision of\ncase management, Emergency Protection Cash Assistance, group and individual\npsychosocial support (PSS) and psychological first aid (PFA), specialized services,\nand complementary community-based support.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Accountability** : **Information provision and two-way feedback and response**,\nincluding life-saving information and referrals via diverse modalities (informational\nwebsites, social media, hotlines, digital messaging, information desks, in-person\nsupport, and community-based structures).\n\n\n**\u2022** **Community mobilization, engagement, and access to safe spaces,** including\nengaging existing community-based volunteer structures for identification and\nreferral of urgent cases, information sharing, and organization of activities, as well\nas sustaining community centers as safe hubs for information and assistance,\nwifi/charging, psychosocial support and group activities, and child-friendly spaces.\n\n**\u2022** **Legal assistance,** including support with legal documentation and residency.\n\n**\u2022** **Mainstreaming protection,** including infusion of _Do No Harm_ and core protection\nprinciples through coordination, cross-sectoral engagement, and capacity building.\n\n\n**\u2022** **Protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA)**, including reinforcing\nexisting reporting and referral architecture, with renewed communication and\ncross-sectoral humanitarian actor capacity for complaint, feedback, and response.\n\n**\u2022** **Protection Monitoring** : Systematic analysis of cross-population protection risks,\ncoping strategies, and needs in collaboration with other protection actors (via\nregular monitoring visits, surveys, participatory dialogue, and review of feedback\nthrough existing two-way feedback and response platforms).\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Lebanon Accountability Infrastructure for Scaled Response\n\n\n\nNational Call\n\n\n\nNational Call HELP Online\n\nHELP Lebanon\nhelp.unhcr.org/lebanon Center Contact Form\n\n\n\nWhatsApp\nChannel & SMS\n\n\n\nCenter\n\n\n\n1,000 Community\n\nVolunteers\n\n\n\n31 Community\n\nCenters\n\n\n\nFrontline staff\n\n& partners\n\n\n### Challenges & Opportunities\n\nThe most urgent needs across communities are access to safe shelter, core relief items\n(mattresses, blankets, clothing), healthcare and medicine, food, cash assistance, and\nprotection services. Yet, the latest displacement has largely overwhelmed the response\ncapacities of all actors. Displaced families rendered homeless have settled in streets,\nparks, informal settlements, or continue to travel to areas perceived to be safer near family\nor to cross into Syria\u2014including via unofficial routes with associated risks of landmines and\nexploitation. In parallel, the response is hindered by the displacement of humanitarian staff\nand movement limitations due to the security situation, particularly in the South and Bekaa.\n\n**Restricted community movement impacting access to safety and services**\n\nAs fears grow, communities in affected areas increasingly report an unwillingness to move\nto other shelters or to access services or assistance due to risks on roadways, thereby\ndiminishing identification, referral, and access of the most vulnerable.\n\nFor those willing and able to move, some have reported that local authorities apply\nadministrative measures, such as restricting daytime movement, for security reasons. For\nSyrians, there is a pre-existing fear that restrictions will be augmented by raids, arrests,\nand deportation for those without legal residency. Moreover, amid the recent increase in\nresidency fees, some Syrian families have prioritized male members for renewal of permits\nin recent months, limiting safe movement for others and thus access to services.\n\n\n**Unsafe operating environment**\n\nIn parallel, protection partners have limited access to the most affected areas due to safety\nand security considerations. This has been coupled by supply chain disruptions to conflictaffected areas in some cases. In this context, the role of localized trained community\nvolunteers is critical, including for provision of information, PFA, and referrals. As feasible,\nmulti-sectoral interventions can serve a critical function in maximizing reach.\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Key messages/key asks\n\n**Protection of civilians**\n\n\nAs hostilities persist, protection of civilians including humanitarian workers in line with\ninternational humanitarian law must be ensured. Such protection is critical to facilitate\ncommunity access to urgently needed protection and assistance services, relocation to\nsafer areas, and outreach to communities by humanitarian actors providing interventions.\n\n\n**Equal access to emergency response and services**\n\n\nThe humanitarian community is committed to support the Government of Lebanon to\naddress the significant challenges and displacement facing the country, recognizing that\nsuch response should ensure that all affected people regardless of nationality, legal status,\nage, gender, or other diversity have equal access to services and safety, including shelter.\n\n\n**Protection priorities**\n\n\nAmid ongoing large-scale displacement, all communities face urgent protection needs,\nincluding threats to physical safety and risks of homelessness; individual risks against the\nmost vulnerable (including those related to GBV, child protection, and specific needs); and\ncritical mental health needs. Similarly, access to relevant, accurate, and timely information\nand mechanisms for two-way communication remain critical, including for those\nconsidering crossing the border into Syria, seeking urgent assistance, restricted to\ninaccessible areas, or otherwise engaged in rapid decision making amid the deteriorating\nsecurity situation.\n\n\n**Centrality of protection**\n\n\nConcurrent with response for urgent shelter, basic assistance, and healthcare needs, the\ncentrality of protection for community and individual response should be sustained and\nstrengthened. This includes age, gender, and diversity considerations for inclusion of the\nmost vulnerable, the prioritized role of communities at the center of response planning and\nprogramming, and ensuring accountability to all affected communities.\n\n\n**Funding and resource needs**\n\n\nIn support of the Government-led emergency response, the humanitarian community\nlaunched a Flash Appeal to enable partners to rapidly deliver humanitarian assistance. The\nappeal seeks $425.7 million to assist 1 million people affected by the crisis over the next\nthree months. As part of this Interagency response, UNHCR released an Emergency\nAppeal for Lebanon, urgently seeking $111 million to scale up its response and cover\nimmediate needs across all vulnerable communities, including Lebanese and refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3921573d-11c5-4d26-a2d9-f2ce5490aa0f/Protection%20Brief_LEBANON_Oct%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_561/raw/doc_561_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_561/raw/doc_561_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b60f3d297865ced5a864bafa1a7c0f3034b5f16c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_561/raw/doc_561_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **BRIEFING NOTE** **SEPTEMBER 2023** **Protection Risks, Challenges, and Gaps** **in Underserved Areas**\n\n**Nangade** \u2502 **Macomia** \u2502 **Meluco** \u2502 **Moc\u00edmboa da Praia** \u2502 **Muidumbe** \u2502 **Quissanga**\n\n**SUMMARY**\n\n\nHumanitarian response is ongoing in all the 17 districts of the province to address the multi-sectoral\nhumanitarian and protection needs of the affected populations. However, there are variations in the\nscale, scope, and quality of response across the districts. Notably, there is a larger concentration of\ndisplaced populations and protection partners in the southern districts (Pemba and Montepuez). Least\nnumbers of partners were observed in **Macomia, Meluco, Muidumbe, Nangade and Quissanga** .\n[According to DTM-IOM Round 19, these five (5) districts host 174,442 IDPs and 163,957 returnees.](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mozambique-mobility-tracking-assessment-report-19-august-2023?close=true)\nDisplaced people and returnees in these districts face heightened protection risks where there is little\nto no protection response coupled with the absence of public services. It is important to note that these\nareas do not only host returnee families but also IDPs within and from other districts. In addition, these\nare considered to be severely impacted districts by the conflict and are therefore highly militarized areas.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster participated to Inter-Cluster Rapid Needs Assessments (RNA) in the five\nunderserved areas in order to shed light on the most prominent protection risks and needs. The five\ninter-cluster missions highlighted the absence of specialized protection services, including response to\ngender-based violence (GBV), Child protection (CP), housing land and property (HLP), civil\ndocumentation, and the absence of specialized services for the people with specific needs. With no\ndurable solutions in sight, IDPs live in a dire humanitarian situation, with inadequate housing, lack of\nbasic services, and with limited access to key economic and social rights. People returning to their places\nof origin where many services have not fully resumed or lack the institutional capacity to respond to\ntheir needs face great challenges for survival.\n\n\nThe **lack of civil documentation** is reported to be a high protection risk with most of the Districts not\nhaving public services to allow IDPs and returnees to restore their _Bilhete de identidade_ or _Registo de_\n_Nascimento_ . This was identified following inter-cluster RNA led by OCHA, RNA conducted by the Rapid\nResponse Mechanism - RRM (NRC, ACF and Solidarit\u00e9s International) and independent reports from\nother partners, such as an [RNA conducted by](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1La1YFl0YmSjz-MQ2UVoPoatfa2G-DoJJ/view?usp=drive_link) _Ayuda en Acci\u00f3n_ in [Macomia, Meluco, Quissanga (RNA](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) and\n[RRM), Muidumbe (RNA](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Thxfi8r3fdglo2F42GKsFNYI2PRkVYjF/view?usp=drive_link) [and RRM) and Nangade. In some instances, IDPs and returnees depend on the](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dB2OE_6gy55lLAYiIAxv4LQhFVLWzQxK/view?usp=drive_link)\navailable services in neighbourhouring districts which limits the accessibility only to those having the\nmeans to pay for transportation and further overburdens the already limited-service provision in those\nneighbourhouring districts. During the inter-cluster missions, the Protection Cluster identified risks of\nbarriers to access services, harassment and abuse perpetrated by security forces, along with the risk of\ncoercion in the form of extortion, violations to freedom of movement, as well as arbitrary detention due\nto the lack of civil documentation _._\n\n\nThere are also no available services that would enable the **access to justice** . Districts such as Muidumbe,\nNangade, Macomia, Quissanga, and Meluco have no physical presence of either judges, prosecutors,\npublic defenders, or IPAJ ( _Instituto do Patroc\u00ednio e Assitencia Juridica_ ). Legal cases are therefore handled\nin Pemba. As a result, cases of violence and discrimination are resolved through community tribunals. In\nterms of **liberty and security of the person**, affected population reported increased cases of criminality,\ngiven the lack of livelihood-engaging opportunities for the youth, as well as insecurity resulting from\nNSAGs activities and their presence in the surrounding areas. The continuous presence of NSAGs\n[prevent IDPs from returning home (Macomia RNA, 2023), have imposed a curfew by the authorities](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM-IOM Round 19", - "confidence": 0.6710725426673889, - "start": 164, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9002410173416138, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[(Muidumbe RNA, 2023) and created fear to enter the forest for shelter material and firewood (Quissanga](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RjvGjarbz53qfsJSahCOyqYE29KZkqUy/view)\n[RNA, 2023) further hindering the access to HLP rights. The security concerns and the constant fear of](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link)\nNSAG attacks is further hindering the access to education as parents avoid sending their children to\n[school in an attempt to preserve their physical security and avoid potential abductions (Meluco RNA,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link)\n2023).\n\n\nReports also highlight the lack of specialized services for persons with disabilities. The underserved\ndistricts have no partner providing support to persons with specific needs and the government lacks\n[institutional capacity to respond to the needs (Nangade RNA, 2023). The access to basic services such](https://drive.google.com/file/d/124SrYl1QZsUfyrbj38l4QLunOfwNry_5/view?usp=drive_link)\nas food, water, sanitation, and construction of shelters is compromised for this populational group.\nPeople with disabilities reportedly sell their NFI kits to buy food and pay someone to build their shelters\n[(Meluco RNA,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link) [Muidumbe RNA, Nangade RNA, 2023). The older people report not having received any](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RjvGjarbz53qfsJSahCOyqYE29KZkqUy/view)\n[financial support from INAS (National Institute of Social Action) for over a year (Nangade RNA, 2023).](https://drive.google.com/file/d/124SrYl1QZsUfyrbj38l4QLunOfwNry_5/view?usp=drive_link)\n\n\n[The inter-cluster mission in Quissanga and the report from](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) _[Ayuda en Acci\u00f3n](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1La1YFl0YmSjz-MQ2UVoPoatfa2G-DoJJ/view?usp=drive_link)_ highlighted the **high needs**\n**for mental health and psychosocial support** (MHPSS), with, again, no specialized interventions in this\nsector across the underserved districts identified. Heavy trauma from previous attacks was reported and\npeople reported recurrent nightmares and difficulties to sleep at night. There are also neither training\nnor psychosocial support programmes for teachers and public servants after their assignment to these\ncommunities, although they identify this component as necessary due to the complexity of the context.\n\n\nCommunity members in Meluco and Nangade reported a **lack of specialized services** **for children at risk**\n[such as alternative care and family tracing (Meluco RNA,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link) [Nangade RNA, 2023). The destruction of](https://drive.google.com/file/d/124SrYl1QZsUfyrbj38l4QLunOfwNry_5/view?usp=drive_link)\neducational facilities, which hinders the access to education, and the existence of dire living conditions,\nincluding food insecurity and limited access to livelihood opportunities, contributes to the existence of\nviolations of children\u2019s rights, such as **child labour** in an attempt to meet the food needs of the family\n[(RRM Quissanga,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Thxfi8r3fdglo2F42GKsFNYI2PRkVYjF/view?usp=drive_link) [Quissanga RNA,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) [Meluco RNA, 2023). In Muidumbe, Meluco and Nangade a high](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link)\nnumber of **unaccompanied and separated children** has been identified, with no specialized services to\n[follow-up on the identified cases (RNA in Muidumbe,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RjvGjarbz53qfsJSahCOyqYE29KZkqUy/view) [Meluco](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link) and [Nangade, 2023).](https://drive.google.com/file/d/124SrYl1QZsUfyrbj38l4QLunOfwNry_5/view?usp=drive_link)\n\n\nThe several missions conducted in 2023 were able to capture the level of vulnerability that women and\ngirls are exposed to in underserved areas with no specialized services to mitigate or respond to GBV\n[cases (RRM Quissanga,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Thxfi8r3fdglo2F42GKsFNYI2PRkVYjF/view?usp=drive_link) [Quissanga RNA, Meluco RNA,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) [RNA in Muidumbe,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RjvGjarbz53qfsJSahCOyqYE29KZkqUy/view) [Macomia RNA](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) [and Nangade,](https://drive.google.com/file/d/124SrYl1QZsUfyrbj38l4QLunOfwNry_5/view?usp=drive_link)\n2023). **Gender based violence (GBV)** takes the form of early marriage and survival sex as harmful coping\nmechanisms adopted by the families to face the dire living conditions, sexual violence perpetrated by\nNSAGs and, at the community level, sexual exploitation and abuse, harassment from armed forces,\nintimate partner violence. The lack of privacy in accommodation shelters and tents, use of nonsegregated communal latrines, unfenced areas, and the lack of lighting across the IDP sites and\nneighbourhoods at night, pose further risks to women and girls to GBV perpetrated by family members\nand other people within the communities. Early marriage further hinders access to education as girls\n[drop out of school as soon as they get pregnant (RNA Muidumbe, 2023).](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RjvGjarbz53qfsJSahCOyqYE29KZkqUy/view) _[Ayuda en Acci\u00f3n](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1La1YFl0YmSjz-MQ2UVoPoatfa2G-DoJJ/view?usp=drive_link)_ had the\nopportunity to talk to teachers in Quissanga who expressed concerns over early marriages as a first\noption to improve the economic conditions of the family, forcing girls to drop out of school at an early\nage.\n\n\nWomen and girls survivors of GBV and liberated after abduction where they were used as servants by\nNSAG and sexually abused are particularly vulnerable, stigmatized and rejected by their families. They\nare reported to resort to survival sex in the absence of specialized services tailored to their needs.\nWomen who have been released or scaped from the NSAG in the underserved areas face challenges for\ntheir livelihood and as such they opt for harmful coping mechanism such as survival sex. Very often, they\nare considered as ex-NSAGs and, as such, face discrimination, marginalization, and potentially attacks to\ntheir physical integrity both, by authorities and their communities.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MO\u00c7IMBOA DA PRAIA**\n\n\n**Forced displacement/Return:** The latest reports on the security concerns in Moc\u00edmboa da Praia indicate\n[that despite people\u2019s return to the district, instability in Naquitenge and Mbau villages](https://www.voaportugues.com/a/7271162.html) and reports of\ncivilians being killed in [Moc\u00edmboa da Praia sede have resulted in forced displacements. It is important to](https://www.voaportugues.com/amp/estado-isl%C3%A2mico-reivindica-o-massacre-de-11-crist%C3%A3os-em-moc%C3%ADmboa-da-praia/7272063.html)\nnote that Moc\u00edmboa da Praia continues to host both IDPs and returnee families. There are reportedly\nmore than 1,400 people forced to flee due to recent security incidents in Naquitengue village. As per\nthe RRM Mozambique Alert, there are returns from Mueda, Nangade, Moc\u00edmboa da Praia sede, and\nMontepuez to Panjele 1,905 people (381 families) and Mitope 2,293 people (500 families), the two\nreturn villages belong to Diaca administrative post within Moc\u00edmboa da Praia district. It is important to\nnote the dire humanitarian conditions in the places of displacement were one the reasons cited by the\nRRM 2023 Mozambique Alert as a priority need.\n\n\n**Civil Documentation** : There is a high need for civil documentation services in Moc\u00edmboa da Praia, the\n[Protection Cluster mission to MdP has reported many protection risks associated with the lack of civil](https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/protection-mission-report-assessment-and-community-consultations-return-mozambique-cabo-delgado-mocimboa-da-praia-mdp-december-2022?_gl=1*1f9arim*_ga*NjczOTQ3MDM3LjE2NDQyNDYwNTA.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTY3NjQ4MjAzNC42MC4xLjE2NzY0ODIzMzkuNjAuMC4w)\ndocumentation such (as arbitrary dentations, child recruitment, child under adult detention centers,\nlimited freedom of movement, child labor, early marriage etc.). The public services have also not yet\nresumed in Mo\u00e7imboa. According to UNHCR\u2019s mission report, the Provincial Service of Justice and Labor\n(SPJT) and the Provincial Service of Civil Identification (SPIC) are both present in MdP town and issuing\nbirth certificates and national IDs supported by UNOPS and IOM in the issuance of birth certificates,\nwith the capacity to issue approximately 200-250 birth certificates per day. Also, returnees who\nacquired civil documentation eventually threw it away as persons from Mo\u00e7imboa would face\ndiscrimination and be targeted as \u201cinsurgents\u201d in the displacement areas.\n\n\n**Access to justice** : Justice services are close to non-existent in Moc\u00edmboa da Praia. The prosecutor,\njudges, and IPAJ are all based in Pemba. Cases that require the intervention of the judicial apparatus are\nnormally transferred to Mueda or Pemba.\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection** : Inexistent at this point, no protection by the presence. Volatile security\nconditions in conflict-affected areas such as the Mbau administrative post that hosts several IDPs from\nother villages as well as returnees, limit access to communities in need, impeding the delivery of\nprotection services.\n\n\n**Child Protection** : FDC/UNICEF is providing child protection responses that include case management\nfor UASC, child-friendly spaces, family tracing, and reunification. They are the only partners reporting\non a regular basis their activities in Mo\u00e7imboa da Praia. As a result of recent developments in\nNaquitengue, more than 900 children are affected by the conflict and driven out of school with dire\nhumanitarian and protection needs.\n\n\n**GBV risk prevention and response** : So far there are no protection partners providing support for\nprevention and response to GBV risks in Moc\u00edmboa da Praia. Women who are liberated by NSAGs face\nadditional challenges to be reintegrated locally as there are no adequate reintegration programs and the\nauthorities (mainly SDMAS) have limited capacities to do a comprehensive case management of the\npersons liberated who are handed over by PRM. MSF is the only humanitarian actor responding to GBV\nneeds. MSF provides MHPSS through one psychologist and does basic GBV referrals to AS through one\nGBV focal point.\n\n\n**MHPSS** : There are integrated small-group MHPSS activities being implemented by MSF, but no\nindividual case management is provided due to a lack of partners to respond. There is also a lack of\npsychologists and psychiatrists to provide specialized services.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MACOMIA**\n\n\n**Liberty and security of a person** : IDPs in Macomia district reported increased criminalities such as theft\nof food, and insecurity as result of reported NSAG activities and their presence in the community. Due\nto security concerns, RNA reported civilian movements are restricted to 7:00 PM.\n\n\n**Forced displacement** : people living in Macomia district both IDPs in the sites as well as returnees face\nthe risk of forced displacement due to reported security concerns, [Cabo Ligado September 2023, in the](https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Cabo-Ligado-Update-152.pdf)\ndistrict. Macomia district according to reports, has witnessed several security concerns in recent months,\n[Cabo Ligado July 2023](https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Cabo-Ligado-Update-150.pdf) putting people at greater risk of multiple displacements and unsustainability of\nthe returns. Displaced families from Mucojo, Quiterajo, and Xai have been displaced for approximately\n4 years and are hosted in Macomia sede with dire protection and humanitarian situation, [Macomia RNA](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1x-0q8MI99NsaP4T2tAEWKXKK9fNpaCL9)\n[report. With recent security concerns from Pangane village, people were forced to flee to neighboring](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1x-0q8MI99NsaP4T2tAEWKXKK9fNpaCL9)\ndistricts of Ibo (Quirambo, Matemo, and Quirimba island) and Quissanga districts (Tendanyange).\n\n\n**Civil documentation:** many people in Macomia reported being harassed and abused by security forces\n[if they do not have civil documentation, Macomia RNA report. There is no partner providing responses](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1x-0q8MI99NsaP4T2tAEWKXKK9fNpaCL9)\nor supporting communities around civil documentation.\n\n\n**Access to Justice:** there are no judges, prosecutors, or public defenders in Macomia sede. Cases are\nhandled in Pemba limiting the people\u2019s access to justice. The disrupted community structures exacerbate\npeople's ability to access justice including community tribunals.\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection** : Non-existent. Constraints with logistics and unreliability of some\nservices such as fuel stations and accommodation centers pose challenges for partners to reach\ncommunities in need of protection response that include individual MHPSS provision and promote\ncommunity-based protection.\n\n\n**Child Protection:** There is no protection partner providing specialized child protection services that put\nchildren at greater risk. According to Macomia RNA assessment, women reported that their children\nwere abducted by the NSAGs during the conflict and yet no service is provided to ensure that these\nchildren are reintegrated into the community. In addition, people reported a high presence of orphans\nand unaccompanied children who are hosted by other families without response measures in place.\n\n\n**GBV risks and response gaps:** Macomia district reportedly lack of specialized GBV services (such as case\nmanagement, MHPSS, legal support, and safe spaces for women and girls) to prevent and respond to\n[GBV risks faced by both IDPs in sites as well as returnees. According to Macomia RNA, IDPs reported](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1x-0q8MI99NsaP4T2tAEWKXKK9fNpaCL9)\nsexual violence perpetrated by NSAG, domestic violence, sexual exploitation, and abuse, risks of\ntransactional sex, etc, the GBV risks are further exacerbated by a dire humanitarian situation.\n\n\n**Access to adequate housing, land, and property rights** : Displaced families in Macomia district lack\nadequate housing conditions, sharing latrines with a lack of privacy that exacerbates already existing\nGBV risks. IDP families reported limited access to land for subsistence and livelihood, in addition, there\nare reports that for IDPs that have access to land, there is no formal agreement as a form of security of\ntenure, hence many people face the risk of forced eviction.\n\n\n**People with disabilities:** no response is provided to support the protection and assistance of people with\ndisabilities, and ongoing security concerns exacerbate PwD's ability to move from the affected areas to\nseek refuge.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NANGADE**\n\n\n**Forced displacement/returns, and relocation.** According to [Nangande RNA, people living in the](https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/nangade-intersectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-report-2)\nNangade sede IDP site are left without any assistance which leads to a push factor that forces people to\ndecide to return to places where their lives and liberty are at greater risk **.** In addition, there are cases of\nearly return due to hardship living conditions that people face in the displacement sites but some security\nconcerns reported by [ACLED could trigger people\u2019s movement within the district resulting in](https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Cabo-Ligado-PDF-Weekly-143.pdf)\nunsustainable returns.\n\n\nThe Nangade RNA report indicates that the IDPs are not willing to return due to fear of security and\ninstability in the areas of return. As a result, some of the IDPs would prefer to settle in the current areas\nof displacement until the security situation stabilizes while others consider returning despite insecurity.\n\n\n**Access to civil documentation and freedom of movement** : There are reports that community members\nin Mualela and Muadi IDP sites, a high need for civil documentation. Reportedly, 4 out of 30 people on\nMualela and Muadi IDP sites had valid civil documentation and the risks associated include limited\nmovement for men as well as incidents of arbitrary detention to travel outside of Nangade. In addition,\nthe RNA reported risks of coercion, threats and extortion due to a lack of valid civil documentation.\n\n\nThere is no partner supporting communities in civil documentation, in both Muadi and Mualela IDP sites.\nThe government is providing some civil documentation at a cost of 1,300 MZN per adult person to obtain\ncivil documentation. Furthermore, many women and adolescent girls lack civil documentation, which\nrestricts their access to cash-for-work programs, with limited availability of such programs in IDP sites.\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection:** lack of community engagement and participation, and there are no\nefforts to safeguard the rights and well-being of affected populations, in addition, there is no support\nfor disrupted community-based structures that could foster self-protection and allow the community to\nfully enjoy their rights and fundamental freedom. As a result, [Nangade RNA](https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/nangade-intersectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-report-2) reported tensions with host\ncommunities over limited access to resources and lack of engagement and peaceful co-existence\nactivities that are highly needed.\n\n\n**Access to Justice:** There is no presence of the judiciary in Nangade district. Reportedly, the justice\nservice including IPAJ, and the justice personnel such as the prosecutor, and judge are all based in\nPemba. As a result, cases of violence and discrimination are resolved through community tribunals which\nmostly have been disrupted by the conflict.\n\n\n**People with Specific Needs:** [Nangande RNA reported lack of specialized services for people with specific](https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/nangade-intersectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-report-2)\nneeds including people with disabilities, the most vulnerable, and elderly persons. INAS reportedly has\nstopped providing social support for more than a year. Nangade district has no partner providing support\nto people with specific needs whereas the government lacks institutional capacity to respond to the\nneeds of the people with specific needs, especially the elderly and people with disabilities.\n\n\nElderly women are even more vulnerable as they are seen as a burden because they \u2018can\u2019t be useful for\nanything apart from taking care of the children at home\u2019.\n\n**Child Protection risks and gaps:** Reportedly, there are no partners working in child protection and the\ngovernment lacks the institutional capacity. There is also a lack of various services (such as psychosocial\nsupport, education, legal support that expose children to various types of abuse, family tracing, and\nreunification of unaccompanied and separated children). The most vulnerable girls reportedly suffer\ngender-based violence (GBV) due to the lack of community-based protection mechanisms.\n\n\nThe government through the SDSMAS, which has three (3) technicians responsible for the entire district,\nreported that they lack the resources and case management capacity to respond and implement even\nthe minimum standards for child protection, Reportedly, there are more than 700 unaccompanied and\nseparated children in the district, [Nangade RNA report.](https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/nangade-intersectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-report-2)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GBV risk prevention and response gaps:** Among the GBV risks faced by women and girls include\ndiscrimination, lack of opportunities for life skills, sexual and physical violence perpetrated by host\ncommunities while they collect firewood. Nangade RNA reported a high number of early pregnancies\nand child marriages due to difficult living conditions. The lack of lighting also poses protection risks to\nwomen and girls in night when they want to access sanitation facilities. There is neither specialized GBV\nservices nor partner present providing GBV risk prevention and response. So far UNFPA is the only\nprotection partner that has a plan to provide GBV response.\n\n\n**Access to housing, land, and property rights:** IDPs in Nangade reported incidents of forced eviction by\nhost communities, limited access to land for agriculture due to security concerns and lack of formal\ntenure agreements. This situation puts displaced communities at risk of eviction. In some areas, IDPs are\ncharged fees for using land for cultivation, while in others, host communities do not allow them to work\non farmland, forcing them to travel long distances, and making them vulnerable to attacks. Additionally,\nthere are shortages of agricultural seeds and tools, which hinder farming. Some women in Nangade Sede\nrely on cleaning cashew farms for income as a day work activity.\n\n\n**MELUCO**\n\n\n**Forced displacement** : Displaced families both In the Monapo IDP site as well as those living within host\ncommunities reported limited access to humanitarian support and this puts people at risk of forced\nmovement. In addition, lack of access to information can be life-threatening to people returning to places\nwhere their life and liberty are at risk, furthermore, the return of families to Meluco with limited or\ndisrupted services presents significant survival challenges hence putting people at the risk of\nunsustainable returns.\n\n\n**Civil documentation:** [Meluco RNA 2023 reported incidents of extortion and people are required to pay](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link)\n200 MZN for a \u201cdeclara\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d in order to move outside Meluco district, limited freedom of movement\noutside IDP sites due to lack of valid civil documentation. Communities reported a high need for the\nprovision of civil documentation. In Meluco, there is no partner supporting the communities with\ndocumentation.\n\n\n**Access to Justice:** Meluco formal justice services have not returned yet with the prosecutor, judges are\nall still based in Pemba, and public defenders such as IPAJ are present in the district but all cases of\nviolation that need judicial intervention are handled in Pemba limiting people\u2019s ability to access the\nservices.\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection** : non-existent at this point, there are no partners supporting communities\nor the government in promoting and safeguarding the rights and well-being of affected people, the\ncommunity-based structures such as community-based organizations/groups, community tribunals, etc.\nthat used to promote community-based protection have been severely disrupted in Meluco. Reportedly\nthere is a lack of community engagement and participation, and limited access to information, especially\nfor the IDPs in the site.\n\n\n**Child Protection:** As of the [RNA 2023 report, among the risks reported by the communities include](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zobsMROMBIHlE5quWAWtKwVoM0HsDYKc/view?usp=drive_link)\nchildren who are out of school and UASC. For displaced children in the site, parents reportedly avoid\nsending their children to primary and secondary school that is 2 km away due to fears of the risk of\nabduction from NSAG. Meluco district according to RNA 2023 lacks specialized services (alternative\ncare, family tracing, and reunification for unaccompanied minors, case management as well as child\nsurvivors\u2019 assistance and MHPSS **).**\n\n\n**GBV risks and response gaps:** There is little information on GBV risks in Meluco district. RNA reported\na lack of lighting especially at the IDP site of Monapo. Meluco lacks specialized services for GBV risk\nprevention and response, there is no partner providing support to communities or to the authorities. No\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "service is available for pregnant women in the sites as the RNA reported that they need to travel more\nthan 1 KM to Meluco sede to give birth and sometimes at night with little to no lighting.\n\n\n**Access to adequate housing, land, and property rights** : The RNA reported incidents of forced eviction\nin Meluco district especially for IDPs in Monapo site. Lack of formal security of tenure for shelter and\nagricultural land have been also noted in Monapo. There is no humanitarian actor supporting and\nsafeguarding the affected families\u2019 rights to housing, land and property.\n\n\n**People with Specific Needs:** According to RNA 2023 report, there are no partners operating in Meluco\nto provide support to people with specific needs including the elderly and people with disabilities. IDPs\nas well as returnees with specific needs face survival challenges due to lack of or disrupted services\nexacerbating further the already existing protection concerns. The National Institute for Social Action\n( **INAS** ), according to RNA 2023, reportedly had registered the families with people with specific needs\nfor the provision of basic monthly subsidy but no assistance was provided.\n\n\n**QUISSANGA**\n\n\n**Access to services and resources** : With people returning to their places of origin where many services\nhave not fully resumed or lack the institutional capacity to respond to their needs, affected families face\ngreat challenges for survival.\n\n\n**Forced Displacement/ Returns** : Quissanga district is hosting both IDPs from the recent displacement in\nPangane (Macomia district) as well as returnees. According to AVIS, people from Pangane that initially\ntool refuge in Qussanga have decided to move to other districts such as Metuge, Ibo (Quirimba island)\ndue to lack of humanitarian support and fear of insecurity in the district of Quissanga.\n\n\n**GBV risks and response:** According to the [RNA in Quissanga, women and girls reported concerns related](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link)\nto GBV confirming cases of frequent assaults perpetrated by unidentified people especially when going\nto schools or farms leading to physical and sexual violence. CARE International reportedly provides GBV\nresponse while UNFPA/KAERIA planned GBV interventions that includes safe spaces, MHPSS, and\nawareness raising. UNOPS has planned for training and workshops on GBV risks.\n\n\n**Access to Civil documentation:** Displaced families as well as returnees reported the need for civil\ndocumentation. According to [Quissanga RNA 2023, UNOPS and NRC have planned to support the](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link)\nprovision of IDs, and birth registration in partnership with the government.\n\n\n**Child Protection:** According to RRM reports, school-aged children being out of school is one of the\npressing protection risks in Quissanga in addition to reported incidents of child labour. In terms of\n[response, RNA 2023](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) reported UNICEF/ AVSI are providing cases management, UASC, CAAFAG, and\nGBV while UNOPS has planned to support the revitalization of 8 community child protection\ncommittees. Linked to the limited access to services, children face difficulties in being integrated into\nschools. As a result of food insecurity and as a protective measure, parents avoid sending their children\nto schools due to security concerns. There are reports of child labour in an attempt to meet the food\nneeds of the family, Quissanga **RRM dated May 03** **[rd]** **, 2023.**\n\n\n**CONCLUSION**\n\n\nThis briefing note underscores the urgent need to address these protection concerns to improve the\nwell-being and safety of individuals in the mentioned underserved areas. Timely and comprehensive\naction is essential to mitigate the risks they face.\n\n\nFor further information or feedback please contact Cornelio Chipaki, Protection Associate for the Protection Cluster\n[(chipaki@unhcr.org). Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org](mailto:chipaki@unhcr.org)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c9934387-7632-4297-a772-282bae4c4eb2/Protection%20Cluster%20-%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20Underserved%20areas%20-%20Cabo%20Delgado%20%282023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_562/raw/doc_562_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_562/raw/doc_562_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a96df58b6e14c6b31dd27f612d31aa27e4d79428..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_562/raw/doc_562_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **GUATEMALA**\n## **An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n**\n### An\u00e1lisis de las tendencias de los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados con la violencia\n\n##### **DICIEMBRE DE 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n#### **_RESUMEN EJECUTIVO_**\n\n\nA lo largo de 2022 e inicios de 2023, se ha notado un incremento de\nviolencia e inseguridad que sigue impactando a miles de personas. El\nindicador de muertes violentas registr\u00f3 un incremento de 6,7% con\nrespecto al a\u00f1o anterior, llegando a una tasa de 17.3% por cada 100 mil\nhabitantes, una de las m\u00e1s altas de la regi\u00f3n de Centro Am\u00e9rica. Las\nconsecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico est\u00e1n provocando una crisis de\ninseguridad alimentaria en el \u00e1rea del corredor seco, con cerca de 4.9\nmillones de personas afectadas (25% del total de su poblaci\u00f3n).\n\n\nPara el periodo electoral de 2023 el Tribunal Supremo Electoral public\u00f3\nun mapa de municipios con riesgo de conflictividad electoral,\nidentificando 62 municipios con alto riesgo y 101 municipios de riesgo\nmedio, caracterizado por tensiones en la disputa pol\u00edtica debido a los\napretados resultados de la primera vuelta de junio de 2023.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, el incremento constante en el tr\u00e1nsito y las solicitudes\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, los anuncios y cambios en la pol\u00edtica\nmigratoria regional de los EE.UU, han incrementado los desaf\u00edos\ninstitucionales para asegurar una respuesta adecuada y acceso a\nmedidas de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEstos han tenido un conjunto de efectos significativos en las\ncapacidades de resiliencia y vulnerabilidades de la poblaci\u00f3n, en particular de las poblaciones en situaci\u00f3n de mayor vulnerabilidad\n(poblaci\u00f3n en situaci\u00f3n de discapacidad, ind\u00edgena, rural, LGBTIQ+, entre ellos mujeres, ni\u00f1ez, adolescentes, personas en movilidad\nhumana), lo que exacerb\u00f3 a\u00fan m\u00e1s los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n existentes.\n\n\nLos principales riesgos de protecci\u00f3n que requieren atenci\u00f3n prioritaria son los siguientes:\n\n\n**1.** **Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres, incluido el uso, utilizaci\u00f3n, reclutamiento y violencia sexual contra**\n**ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes**\n**2.** **Ataques a defensores de derechos humanos y pueblos ind\u00edgenas, incluido discriminaci\u00f3n, criminalizaci\u00f3n y denegaci\u00f3n**\n**del ejercicio leg\u00edtimo de su trabajo**\n**3.** **Denegaci\u00f3n estructural de acceso a recursos, oportunidades y servicios especializados, diferenciados y de calidad**\n**4.** **Restricciones de acceso al territorio, al sistema de protecci\u00f3n internacional para personas en movilidad humana y**\n**devoluci\u00f3n**\n\n**MEDIDAS URGENTES NECESARIAS**\n\n\n- Reducir los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados con la violencia, inseguridad, acceso a la justicia, cambio clim\u00e1tico y la inseguridad\nalimentaria relacionada, en un ambiente social y pol\u00edtico complejo por ser a\u00f1o electoral, y un contexto de movilidad humana\nmuy variable. Por lo anterior, es necesario:\n\n- Asegurar la incorporaci\u00f3n de la centralidad de la protecci\u00f3n en el Plan Nacional de Respuesta y Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria,\na trav\u00e9s de indicadores espec\u00edficos que permitan medir los avances en materia de protecci\u00f3n, enfoque de g\u00e9nero, respuesta a\nviolencia basada en g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres, as\u00ed como la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y prevenci\u00f3n de la explotaci\u00f3n y abuso sexual.\n\n- Promover la organizaci\u00f3n de las mujeres a nivel territorial y su empoderamiento econ\u00f3mico, pol\u00edtico y social, as\u00ed como su acceso\na espacios de participaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica;\n\n- Fortalecer los servicios de protecci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n integral para sobrevivientes de violencia, desarrollo e implementaci\u00f3n de rutas\nde referencia, gesti\u00f3n de casos, promoci\u00f3n de espacios seguros, atenci\u00f3n psicosocial y medidas de protecci\u00f3n para la ni\u00f1ez y\npersonas en movilidad humana, grupos \u00e9tnicos y otras poblaciones en situaciones de alto riesgo.\n\n- Reforzar la respuesta institucional y humanitaria para atender las necesidades de la poblaci\u00f3n en movilidad humana, tanto a\ntrav\u00e9s del acceso al territorio y al sistema de protecci\u00f3n internacional, como a servicios de asistencia y atenci\u00f3n para las personas\nen tr\u00e1nsito y personas retornadas.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n#### **CONTEXTO**\n\n\nGuatemala est\u00e1 ubicada en el extremo noroccidental de Am\u00e9rica Central. Es una rep\u00fablica democr\u00e1tica y representativa,\norganizada para su administraci\u00f3n en 8 regiones, 22 departamentos y 340 municipios; es un pa\u00eds diverso cultural, \u00e9tnica y\nling\u00fc\u00edsticamente. Es el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s poblado de Centroam\u00e9rica, con 17,602,431 habitantes en 2023, seg\u00fan proyecciones de\npoblaci\u00f3n del Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas (INE), de los cuales 8,942,697 son mujeres y 8,659,734 hombres, es un pa\u00eds\njoven con 5.1 millones de personas entre los 15 y 30 a\u00f1os. Para 2022, a nivel nacional el 31.2 por ciento de la poblaci\u00f3n\nguatemalteca se integr\u00f3 por mujeres ladinas, el 19.6% por mujeres mayas y el 1.3 por ciento por mujeres Afrodescendientes [i] .\n\n\nTiene una posici\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica clave en Centroam\u00e9rica, compartiendo fronteras al oeste y al norte con M\u00e9xico, con Belice al\neste, con Honduras y El Salvador al suroeste y con el oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico al sur. A lo largo de 2022 e inicios de 2023, el pa\u00eds ha sido\nimpactado por diferentes crisis que se superponen agudizando la situaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n y acceso a respuesta efectiva para\nmiles de personas:\n\n\n**VULNERABILIDAD AL CAMBIO CLIM\u00c1TICO**\n\n\nGuatemala es uno de los diez pa\u00edses ambientalmente m\u00e1s vulnerables al cambio clim\u00e1tico a nivel mundial, con m\u00e1s del 80 por\nciento del PIB producido en zonas de riesgo a desastres y alrededor de 21 por ciento de su poblaci\u00f3n en riesgo clim\u00e1tico\ndirecto [ii] . Esto incluye tanto las crisis prolongadas y de aparici\u00f3n lenta (sequ\u00eda), como las s\u00fabitas o repentinas tormentas\ntropicales, erupciones volc\u00e1nicas, etc. En 2022, una de las afectaciones m\u00e1s fuertes fue la provocada por la Tormenta Julia,\nque ocurri\u00f3 mientras muchas comunidades a\u00fan no se recuperaban de los da\u00f1os remanentes de la emergencia provocada por\nEta e Iota (en 2020) y de los efectos de la pandemia del COVID19.\n\n\nDado que la agricultura es la principal fuente de sustento en el \u00e1rea rural, el cambio clim\u00e1tico, los patrones clim\u00e1ticos\nimpredecibles y la degradaci\u00f3n ambiental han afectado gravemente la productividad agr\u00edcola, resultando en escasez de\nalimentos y desnutrici\u00f3n. De hecho, en los \u00faltimos meses, una de las mayores crisis que afecta al pa\u00eds es la inseguridad\nalimentaria: cerca de 4.9 millones de personas est\u00e1n en situaci\u00f3n de crisis o emergencia alimentaria desde el 2022 [iii]\nreport\u00e1ndose 12,926 casos de desnutrici\u00f3n aguda en los primeros meses del 2023 [iv] . Seg\u00fan UNICEF, Guatemala es la sexta\nnaci\u00f3n con la mayor tasa de desnutrici\u00f3n en el mundo, con n\u00fameros superiores a naciones mucho m\u00e1s pobres o inmersas en\nconflictos internos y adem\u00e1s, el \u00fanico pa\u00eds de la regi\u00f3n en el que los \u00edndices de pobreza aumentaron en los \u00faltimos seis a\u00f1os [v] .\nSeg\u00fan un estudio realizado por World Vision internacional, en 2023, tres de cada cuatro grupos familiares encuestados\nreportaron reducir la calidad y la cantidad de comida para afrontar su situaci\u00f3n [vi] . Adem\u00e1s, el acceso limitado a agua potable y\nsaneamiento agrava los problemas de salud y contribuye a\u00fan m\u00e1s al ciclo de pobreza y hambre.\n\n\nEn 2023, el pa\u00eds est\u00e1 siendo impactado por el fen\u00f3meno del Ni\u00f1o, lo que se traduce en posibles incrementos de sequias y\neventos socio naturales de gran magnitud, que se pueden presentar para el \u00faltimo trimestre del a\u00f1o. Eso implicar\u00eda un\naumento en los indicadores de pobreza a nivel nacional por las p\u00e9rdidas de cosechas y a\u00fan m\u00e1s la inseguridad alimentaria; as\u00ed\ncomo los riesgos de conflictos por el acceso a los recursos dentro de las comunidades.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nPor otra parte, los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados al cambio clim\u00e1tico tambi\u00e9n tienen que ver con la respuesta que se\nbrinda por parte del Estado. Esos riesgos est\u00e1n exacerbados por un contexto pol\u00edtico y social marcado por grandes\ndesigualdades econ\u00f3micas y sociales, pr\u00e1cticas discriminatorias y marginaci\u00f3n; factores que alimentan la pobreza end\u00e9mica\nque afecta en mayor proporci\u00f3n a las mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, poblaci\u00f3n rural, personas\nafrodescendientes y personas en movilidad humana. Seg\u00fan el CGIAR [vii] (Grupo Consultivo sobre Investigaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola\nInternacional), hay una correlaci\u00f3n estrecha entre las zonas m\u00e1s impactadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico, por la pobreza y por\ntemas de violencia y conflicto y lo conceptualiza como \u201cinseguridad clim\u00e1tica\u201d.\n\n\n**UN CONTEXTO SOCIAL Y POL\u00cdTICO ENMARCADO EN LA VIOLENCIA E INSEGURIDAD**\n\n\nA pesar de ser la econom\u00eda m\u00e1s grande de Centroam\u00e9rica y con un PIB que sigui\u00f3 aumentando en 2022 (+4 por ciento), el\n\u00edndice de desarrollo humano para Guatemala es de 0,627, el cual ha disminuido seis puntos del 2015 al 2021, y el coeficiente\nde Gini es de 48,33 [viii] . Las tasas de pobreza y desigualdad de Guatemala se encuentran entre las m\u00e1s altas de la regi\u00f3n de\nAm\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC), debido a la existencia de una numerosa poblaci\u00f3n desatendida, en su mayor\u00eda rural e ind\u00edgena\ny empleada en el sector informal [ix] y con una proporci\u00f3n significativa de la poblaci\u00f3n viviendo por debajo del umbral de\npobreza [x] . Se caracteriza por una violencia social estructural, es decir desigualdades e injusticias sistem\u00e1ticas e\ninstitucionalizadas que permean la sociedad guatemalteca. Esto abarca una amplia gama de factores, como la distribuci\u00f3n\ndesigual de recursos, el acceso limitado a servicios b\u00e1sicos esenciales (educaci\u00f3n y salud), la exclusi\u00f3n social basada en el\norigen \u00e9tnico, de g\u00e9nero y la clase social.\n\nLa desigual distribuci\u00f3n de la riqueza, concentrada en manos de unos pocos, junto con los elevados niveles de disparidad de\ningresos, ha generado una sociedad profundamente desigual. Las comunidades ind\u00edgenas, que representan el 43,8 por ciento\nde la poblaci\u00f3n, y los afrodescendientes, que constituyen el 0,2 por ciento, contin\u00faan enfrentando diversas formas de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y desigualdades econ\u00f3micas y sociales que obstaculizan el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos, perpetuando as\u00ed un\nciclo de pobreza generacional [xi] con una brecha de 20 por ciento entre ind\u00edgenas y no ind\u00edgenas en el \u00edndice de desarrollo\nhumano en sus tres dimensiones: educaci\u00f3n, salud e ingresos, siendo en educaci\u00f3n en donde hay mayor desigualdad [xii] . Se\nespera que la pobreza disminuya al 55,2 por ciento en 2023 y al 54,2 por ciento en 2024, mientras que la desigualdad se\nmantendr\u00e1 alta [xiii] .\n\nOtro tema caracter\u00edstico es la desigualdad de g\u00e9nero. Las mujeres representan al 51 por ciento de la poblaci\u00f3n, sin embargo,\nocupan un 19.3 por ciento de los cargos parlamentarios y un 3.54 por ciento de los cargos a nivel municipal, teniendo uno de\nlos \u00edndices m\u00e1s bajos en Am\u00e9rica Latina, que promedia 30.6 por ciento. Estos problemas subyacentes crean un ambiente\npropicio para la violencia a todos los niveles de la sociedad y han sido detonadores importantes para provocar una migraci\u00f3n\nirregular en condiciones de alta vulnerabilidad.\n\n\nEn este contexto de pobreza y desigualdad, los grupos de delincuencia organizada contin\u00faan planteando serios desaf\u00edos a la\nprotecci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n en general, por su alcance, control y violencia ejercida. Las pandillas Mara Salvatrucha y Barrio 18\ntienen gran influencia en el pa\u00eds, y est\u00e1n vinculadas a delitos violentos, extorsi\u00f3n, reclutamiento forzado, y actividades\nrelacionadas con el tr\u00e1fico de drogas. En 2022, la tasa de incidencia delictiva registr\u00f3 un incremento del 6.7 por ciento con\nrelaci\u00f3n al a\u00f1o 2021, el mayor incremento interanual registrado en los \u00faltimos 9 a\u00f1os. En general, todos los hechos delictivos\nregistrados por la Polic\u00eda Nacional Civil mostraron un incremento con relaci\u00f3n al a\u00f1o 2021, a excepci\u00f3n de los hechos de\nviolencia intrafamiliar, robo y delitos sexuales [xiv] .La tasa de homicidios de 2022 se increment\u00f3 en 6,2 por ciento, en\ncomparaci\u00f3n con 2021 alcanzando 17.3 muertes violentas por cada 100 mil habitantes (con un total de 3,004 v\u00edctimas, 175\nm\u00e1s que el mismo periodo del a\u00f1o anterior), lo que significa que 8 personas perdieron la vida cada d\u00eda de manera violenta [xv]\nsiendo las armas de fuego el principal medio para cometer los homicidios, registrando un aumento en su uso del 7.1 por ciento\ncon relaci\u00f3n al 2021. Adem\u00e1s, de cada 10 homicidios ocurridos entre enero y septiembre del 2022, 6 sucedieron en municipios\nurbanos. Los municipios de Guatemala, Villa Nueva y Mixco concentraron el 31.8 por ciento de los homicidios totales del pa\u00eds\ndurante el 2022. A los homicidios se suma otro indicador de violencia como una tasa de 139.6 v\u00edctimas de extorsiones, robos\ny hurtos por cada 100 mil personas, durante el 2022. Al a\u00f1o 2022, el n\u00famero de extorsiones super\u00f3 el alto nivel registrado\nprepandemia (2019) [xvi] . La violencia y persecuci\u00f3n ha provocado que algunos guatemaltecos se desplacen internamente en el\nterritorio como estrategia para la sobrevivencia; inclusive, algunas personas han cruzado la frontera en b\u00fasqueda de\nprotecci\u00f3n en pa\u00edses como M\u00e9xico y Estados Unidos.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nEl ACNUDH (Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos) document\u00f3, en 2022, 137 manifestaciones\nen todo el pa\u00eds protagonizadas mayoritariamente por pueblos ind\u00edgenas y sus autoridades, estudiantes y organizaciones de la\nsociedad civil. Las manifestaciones reconocieron, por un lado, la labor de personas defensoras de derechos, incluyendo\nperiodistas y funcionarios/as de justicia, v\u00edctimas de casos de criminalizaci\u00f3n; y, por otro lado, rechazaron iniciativas de ley\nregresivas, la impunidad, la corrupci\u00f3n, la persecuci\u00f3n contra personas defensoras de derechos y los procedimientos seguidos\nen el marco de las elecciones de fiscal general, Procurador de los Derechos Humanos y Rector de la Universidad de San\nCarlos [xvii] . Adicionalmente, las elecciones del 2023 se llevaron a cabo en un contexto complejo.\n\n\nA pesar de los desaf\u00edos y necesidades de reformas, por ser un a\u00f1o electoral, no se pudieron empujar cambios significativos en\nlos \u00faltimos meses, alimentando la frustraci\u00f3n y vulnerabilidad de ciertos grupos de poblaci\u00f3n (mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, personas LGBTIQ+, personas afrodescendientes y poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, personas con discapacidades).\n\n**CAMBIOS EN LA POL\u00cdTICA Y GOBERNANZA MIGRATORIA REGIONAL: SITUACI\u00d3N DE MOVILIDAD HUMANA**\n\n\nDada su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, Guatemala se caracteriza por ser un pa\u00eds de origen, tr\u00e1nsito, destino y retorno de personas en\nmovilidad humana, incluyendo personas refugiadas y solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado, personas guatemaltecas\nretornadas y personas migrantes.\n\n\nEsto significa que Guatemala est\u00e1 sujeta a los cambios de pol\u00edticas migratorias regionales, especialmente por parte de EE. UU.\nPara finales del primer semestre de 2023 se emitieron varias pol\u00edticas nuevas con el fin de reducir la presi\u00f3n migratoria en la\nfrontera sur de los EE.UU. y promover una movilidad humana m\u00e1s segura lo cual impact\u00f3 las din\u00e1micas migratorias en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nPor un lado, se levant\u00f3 la aplicaci\u00f3n del T\u00edtulo 42 por parte del gobierno estadounidense, pol\u00edtica que en el contexto de COVID19 permit\u00eda la expulsi\u00f3n inmediata de personas detenidas en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y M\u00e9xico. Entre enero de 2020\ny marzo de 2023, 629,000 guatemaltecos fueron detenidos por la patrulla fronteriza de EE. UU en su frontera sur, por lo menos\n301,987 fueron ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os, un 45 por ciento (158,127 ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os no acompa\u00f1ados y 143,860 en unidades familiares). Eso\nresult\u00f3 en un aumento significativo en el n\u00famero de personas guatemaltecas retornadas bajo esta pol\u00edtica (154,302 en\n2022) [xviii] . Con el fin del T\u00edtulo 42, a partir del 11 de mayo 2023 los agentes fronterizos federales regresaron a las reglas previas\na la pandemia para hacer cumplir las leyes de inmigraci\u00f3n, conocidas como T\u00edtulo 8. Anticipando la restauraci\u00f3n de\nprocesamiento en la frontera bajo T\u00edtulo 8, las autoridades de EE.UU establecieron nuevas medidas para procesar las\nsolicitudes de personas buscando acceso a territorio estadounidense en la frontera con M\u00e9xico, incluyendo la utilizaci\u00f3n de la\naplicaci\u00f3n CBP-One para obtener una cita en una puerta de entrada y la implementaci\u00f3n de un nuevo reglamento que autorice\nlos agentes fronterizos a denegar el derecho a pedir la condici\u00f3n de refugiado a la mayor\u00eda de personas cruzando la frontera\nde forma irregular.\n\n\nPor otro lado, se abrieron nuevas v\u00edas legales para facilitar el ingreso a EE. UU para personas de algunas nacionalidades que\ncumplan con ciertos requisitos: Al final de 2022 y a principios de 2023, frente a los aumentos en los flujos mixtos de personas\nviajando hasta el norte (2,37 millones, es decir de un aumento de casi 40 por ciento en comparaci\u00f3n con 2021 [xix] ), EE.UU inici\u00f3\nun programa para permisos de permanencia temporal por razones humanitarias a trav\u00e9s de los cuales las personas nacionales\nde Cuba, Hait\u00ed, Nicaragua y Venezuela (CHNV), y sus familiares inmediatos, pueden solicitar viajar a Estados Unidos de manera\nsegura y ordenada. Las personas beneficiarias cualificadas que se encuentran fuera de Estados Unidos y carecen de\ndocumentos de entrada a Estados Unidos pueden ser consideradas, caso por caso, para una autorizaci\u00f3n adelantada para\nviajar y un per\u00edodo de permanencia temporal de hasta dos a\u00f1os por razones humanitarias urgentes o un beneficio p\u00fablico\nsignificativo. Para participar, las personas beneficiarias elegibles deben: Tener un patrocinador en Estados Unidos que acepte\nproporcionarles apoyo financiero durante la duraci\u00f3n de su permanencia temporal en Estados Unido; Someterse y apruebe\nuna s\u00f3lida investigaci\u00f3n de antecedentes de seguridad; Cumplir con otros criterios de elegibilidad. [xx] Para poder viajar a los EE.\nUU bajo este esquema, las personas deben de contar con un pasaporte nacional v\u00e1lido. Mientras que esto abri\u00f3 oportunidades\nde evitar un viaje peligroso hasta EE. UU para ciertas personas que cumplieran los criterios (nacionalidad CHNV, patrocinador\ny pasaporte v\u00e1lido), dej\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n afuera a muchas personas (inclusive las personas de Guatemala) que no cumpl\u00edan con los\nrequisitos para una v\u00eda legal.\n\n\nPocos meses despu\u00e9s, el gobierno de los Estados Unidos anunci\u00f3 [xxi] la expansi\u00f3n de rutas legales hacia los Estados Unidos para\npersonas refugiadas y migrantes en Suram\u00e9rica y Centroam\u00e9rica a trav\u00e9s de un nuevo programa llamada \u201cMovilidad Segura\u201d.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nImplementado en Colombia, Costa Rica y Guatemala, las personas refugiadas y migrantes elegibles son consideradas para el\nprograma de admisi\u00f3n de refugiados, una v\u00eda humanitaria, y otras v\u00edas de admisi\u00f3n legal a los Estados Unidos u otros pa\u00edses\nque puedan ofrecer estas oportunidades. Los gobiernos de EE. UU y Guatemala anunciaron un acuerdo para el lanzamiento\nde un programa de \u201cMovilidad Segura\u201d (OMOVIS) a partir del 12 junio, bajo la implementaci\u00f3n conjunta de ACNUR y OIM\nhasta el final del a\u00f1o (piloto de 6 meses).\n\n\nDentro de este programa, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de los EE. UU. (DHS, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) anunci\u00f3 a\ninicios de julio 2023 la implementaci\u00f3n a partir del 31 Julio de nuevos Procesos de permisos de permanencia temporal de\nreunificaci\u00f3n familiar (FRP) para Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras, sin embargo, los nuevos programas de FRP\nsolo benefician a personas que ya tienen procesos migratorios de reunificaci\u00f3n familiar bien avanzados.\n\n\nDado que los programas son adaptados a los criterios establecidos por los pa\u00edses donde se implementan, es importante\nreforzar las iniciativas para diseminar informaci\u00f3n sobre estos programas a trav\u00e9s de todos los mecanismos oficiales posibles\ny canales de informaci\u00f3n para combatir la desinformaci\u00f3n circulada en las redes sociales y el riesgo de que un vac\u00edo de\ninformaci\u00f3n sea aprovechado por redes de \u201ccoyotes\u201d (traficantes de personas).\n\n#### **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nEn Guatemala, las formas de violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres siguen siendo m\u00faltiples, incluyendo acoso\nsexual, violencia sexual, embarazos en temprana edad, trata de personas, violencia contra las mujeres y en el contexto de\nmovilidad humana, violencia relacionada con la propiedad de las tierras, as\u00ed como violencia contra defensoras de derechos\nhumanos y violaci\u00f3n a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos.\n\n\nUna de las causas m\u00e1s profunda es la desigualdad de g\u00e9nero que constituye un obst\u00e1culo para que las mujeres disfruten del\nejercicio pleno de sus derechos y vivan una vida digna libre de violencia. Guatemala tiene el \u00edndice de desigualdad de g\u00e9nero\nm\u00e1s alto de Am\u00e9rica Latina (0,479) [xxii] . De acuerdo con el An\u00e1lisis R\u00e1pido de G\u00e9nero 2023 [xxiii], es recurrente que durante las\nsituaciones de emergencia las mujeres pierdan autonom\u00eda social, f\u00edsica, econ\u00f3mica y pol\u00edtica, lo cual profundiza las brechas de\ng\u00e9nero, las expone a mayores riesgos de violencia y de inseguridad, y marca un retroceso en los avances alcanzados hasta\nhace unos a\u00f1os. El aumento del trabajo reproductivo y de cuidados se evidencia en que las mujeres emplean 7.1 horas diarias\na los cuidados de ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os y de labores en el hogar, y los hombres 2.4.\n\n\nLa violencia de g\u00e9nero en contextos humanitarios, es un problema de salud p\u00fablica y derechos humanos, donde numerosos\nfactores exacerban los riesgos, entre ellos: la creciente militarizaci\u00f3n, la falta de protecciones comunitarias y estatales, los\ndesplazamientos, la escasez de recursos b\u00e1sicos, la interrupci\u00f3n de los servicios comunitarios, la alteraci\u00f3n de las normas\nculturales y de g\u00e9nero, el deterioro de las relaciones y el debilitamiento de las infraestructuras, la debilidad y p\u00e9rdidas de\nmedidas de protecci\u00f3n y servicios integrales para sobrevivientes de violencia [xxiv] .\n\n\nEsta desigualdad se traduce tambi\u00e9n en violencia contra las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as. En 2022, los homicidios de mujeres se\nincrementaron en un 5.8 por ciento con relaci\u00f3n a 2021 [xxv] (502 casos de femicidios y muertes violentas). Las mujeres son\nv\u00edctimas de hechos delictivos como delitos sexuales y violencia intrafamiliar a una raz\u00f3n siete veces mayor que los hombres [xxvi] .\nEl Observatorio de las Mujeres del Ministerio P\u00fablico (MP, 2023) registra cifras preocupantes: a pesar del subregistro, el delito\nde violencia contra las mujeres registr\u00f3 52,311 casos en 2022 y un acumulado de 36,599 entre enero y julio de 2023. Del total\nde denuncias se registran 6,923 v\u00edctimas de violencia sexual, 3,168 de agresiones sexuales y 1,538 de otros delitos sexuales.\nEn el 2022, al menos una mujer muri\u00f3 diariamente de forma violenta, 24 mujeres v\u00edctimas m\u00e1s, con relaci\u00f3n al a\u00f1o anterior,\nesta alza se concentr\u00f3 en el departamento de Guatemala, donde se registraron 21 homicidios m\u00e1s hacia mujeres. En lo\nrelacionado con la desaparici\u00f3n de mujeres, durante 2022 se activaron 2,230 alertas Isabel Claudina y de enero a mayo de\n2023 se emitieron 682. El MP (Ministerio P\u00fablico) se\u00f1ala que, en el pa\u00eds, desaparecen 5 mujeres al d\u00eda en promedio. A pesar\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nde no tener datos formales ya registrados para 2023 y datos actualizados respecto a esos asuntos, para el inicio de 2023, las\ntendencias reportadas no han cambiado considerablemente.\n\n\nEn cuanto a ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, el MP report\u00f3 61 ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes v\u00edctimas de delitos por d\u00eda, en el a\u00f1o 2022. De estos,\n19 eran casos de violencia sexual. Se estima que el subregistro de abuso sexual contra ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os es 30 veces m\u00e1s alto y el\nde maltrato f\u00edsico es 75 veces m\u00e1s alto de lo que indican los reportes oficiales [xxvii] . Tambi\u00e9n el OSAR (Observatorio de Salud\nsexual y Reproductiva) report\u00f3 en 2022, un total de 65,501 embarazos de mujeres entre los 15 y 19 a\u00f1os; y 2,187 de ni\u00f1as\nentre los 10 a 14 a\u00f1os. De acuerdo con los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (INE), las adolescentes fueron el grupo\nm\u00e1s vulnerable a ser v\u00edctimas de violaci\u00f3n; 35 de cada 10,000 adolescentes denunciaron que fueron agraviadas en 2021. A\npesar de que la probabilidad de sufrir este tipo de violencia se reduce a partir de los 18 a\u00f1os, las mujeres se ven expuestas a\nlo largo de todo el ciclo de vida [xxviii] .\n\n\nOtro ejemplo de riesgo que tomar en cuenta ser\u00eda el de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y abuso por parte de proveedores de servicios\nhumanitarios. En Guatemala de acuerdo con el contexto existente, el riesgo de cualquier acto de explotaci\u00f3n y abuso sexual\n(EAS) se relaciona con la situaci\u00f3n del territorio nacional, as\u00ed como por la estructura interna de las instancias prestadoras de\nservicios en contextos humanitarios al manejar casos de EAS, incluyendo sus protocolos, c\u00f3digos de conducta y rutas de\nseguimiento de casos. Algunos de los riesgos mayormente identificados en una evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos sobre explotaci\u00f3n y\nabuso sexual (SEA) realizada a lo interno del SNU en el a\u00f1o 2020 se mencionaron: el involucro de personal humanitario en\ntransacciones sexuales a cambio de otorgar beneficios, falta de mecanismos de denuncias, tolerancia a malas conductas.\n\n\nMientras el continuum de la violencia de g\u00e9nero sigue siendo una amenaza desde el espacio privado y p\u00fablico, otro\nperpetrador de violencias contra las mujeres, ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as son las pandillas, quienes ejercen esta violencia a trav\u00e9s de la\nviolencia sexual, el reclutamiento forzado de ni\u00f1as y explotaci\u00f3n sexual. De manera particular, las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as que son\nforzadas a vincularse a una pandilla corren mayores riesgos de protecci\u00f3n y de ser abusadas, violadas y asesinadas por parte\nde pandillas rivales. Este mismo riesgo puede presentarse cuando intentan dejar la pandilla a la que fueron vinculadas, incluso\nal rechazar las insinuaciones sexuales de un miembro de la pandilla [xxix] . Igualmente, los ni\u00f1os son particularmente vulnerables\nal uso, utilizaci\u00f3n, reclutamiento, violencia f\u00edsica, sexual y emocional.\n\n\nCiertos grupos de mujeres enfrentan varias formas de violencia como las mujeres gar\u00edfunas y afrodescendientes en Puerto\nBarrios y Livingston (Izabal), en donde se reportaron diversas afectaciones a sus derechos, incluida la violencia basada en\ng\u00e9nero, los obst\u00e1culos en el acceso a la justicia, a los servicios esenciales y los desaf\u00edos en el ejercicio de sus derechos\necon\u00f3micos, sociales y culturales [xxx] . Mujeres y ni\u00f1as con discapacidad, de la comunidad LGBTIQ+, viviendo con VIH/SIDA o de\notras minoridades \u00e9tnicas y religiosas se enfrentan a m\u00e1s riesgos.\n\n\nLa institucionalidad p\u00fablica tiene una capacidad limitada para la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios integrales a sobrevivientes de\nviolencia, incluida la protecci\u00f3n y la coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional que deriva en mayores obst\u00e1culos para el acceso igualitario\ny pleno goce de los derechos para todas las personas.\n\n\nFrente al n\u00famero de sobrevivientes de violencia sexual, la falta de atenci\u00f3n integral, acceso a medidas de protecci\u00f3n y acceso\na servicios de atenci\u00f3n inmediata, las sobrevivientes corren el riesgo de un embarazo no deseado, contraer una ITS (Infecciones\nde Transmisi\u00f3n Sexual), intensi\u00f3n suicida, guardar silencio y sufrir graves consecuencias en su salud. Las v\u00edctimas de violencia,\nincluyendo la violencia de g\u00e9nero y los abusos sexuales, a menudo encuentran barreras para acceder a servicios de protecci\u00f3n,\nasistencia inmediata y acceso a la justicia. A pesar de que la violencia contra las mujeres es el delito m\u00e1s denunciado en el MP,\nen promedio, un proceso penal en los Juzgados y Tribunales especializados dura 2 a\u00f1os y 3 meses.\n\n\nLa falta de refugios seguros y de personal capacitado para brindar apoyo psicol\u00f3gico y asistencia legal, sumado actitudes de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y la estigmatizaci\u00f3n que enfrentan las sobrevivientes, dificultan su proceso de recuperaci\u00f3n, la denuncia, la\nb\u00fasqueda de atenci\u00f3n en crisis y de justicia. A pesar de los esfuerzos del MP para implementar un Modelo de Atenci\u00f3n Integral\npara las Mujeres V\u00edctimas de Violencia, a\u00fan no alcanza la cobertura nacional, las cl\u00ednicas para la atenci\u00f3n inmediata para\ndelitos de violencia sexual tienen una cobertura limitada, la asignaci\u00f3n de recursos p\u00fablicos para la implementaci\u00f3n de planes\ny programas para la prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia contra las mujeres y protecci\u00f3n sigue siendo insuficiente, los sistemas de\nprotecci\u00f3n social para adolescentes sobrevivientes de violencia o de embarazos forzados son limitados. Esta situaci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\ncompleja en contextos humanitarios, porque no hay medidas abreviadas/m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidas, ni mecanismos para acercar los servicios\npara reducir los riesgos que enfrentan las mujeres y la ni\u00f1ez.\n\n\nEntre el 2010-2021, del total de casos judicializados, el 80 por ciento tuvo sentencias condenatorias con m\u00e1s de 13 mil personas\nimputadas por este delito. Sin embargo, el 85 por ciento de las denuncias fueron desestimadas, debido a que se consider\u00f3 que\nla agresi\u00f3n no constituy\u00f3 delito, la v\u00edctima se retract\u00f3 o el sistema de gesti\u00f3n de casos lo desestim\u00f3 autom\u00e1ticamente. [xxxi] Como\nconsecuencia, el riesgo de muerte por conducta suicidas se ha incrementado, como tambi\u00e9n el consumo de alcohol y\nsustancias psicoactivas, las ITS y el VIH, entre otras formas de deterioro de la salud f\u00edsica y mental de las mujeres, adolescentes\ny ni\u00f1as. Este fen\u00f3meno impacta el tejido social de las comunidades y motiva el abandono escolar de las ni\u00f1as por temas de\nembarazos juveniles.\n\n\nA nivel nacional los Juzgados de Paz y de Familia registraron haber atendido un total de 74,764 mujeres durante 2018 y 2022,\nen el mismo per\u00edodo la Polic\u00eda Nacional Civil (PNC) prest\u00f3 servicios a v\u00edctimas de violencia a un total de 55,679 mujeres, el MP\na nivel nacional atendi\u00f3 a 9,355 mujeres. [xxxii] . El An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n realizado en el 2022, concluy\u00f3 que m\u00e1s del 80 por ciento\nde los municipios de Guatemala, no contaban y a\u00fan no cuentan con la cobertura total de los servicios integrales para\nsobrevivientes de violencia (atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica, asistencia legal, atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica, gesti\u00f3n de casos). Por lo tanto, el grado de\nrespuesta es limitado, situaci\u00f3n que es mucho m\u00e1s compleja durante emergencias y crisis lo que impide prevenir, proteger y\natender para garantizar que se salva la vida y la integridad a miles de mujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n\nEl panorama de desigualdad y violencia en Guatemala afecta de manera particular a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y defensores de\nDD.HH., quienes, adem\u00e1s, se enfrentan a fuertes represiones de la institucionalidad, en el ejercicio de sus derechos a la\nprotesta y exigibilidad.\n\n\nEn el 2022, el ACNUDH registr\u00f3 156 casos de ataques contra personas defensoras de derechos humanos, incluyendo\nperiodistas y funcionariado de justicia. Se observ\u00f3 un incremento de casos de criminalizaci\u00f3n contra quienes han realizado\ninvestigaciones period\u00edsticas y han liderado casos judiciales contra la corrupci\u00f3n y la impunidad, con el objetivo de impedir el\nejercicio leg\u00edtimo de su trabajo y/o de sancionarlos por ello, pasando de 25 casos durante 2021 a 47 durante 2022.\n\n\nSe registraron tambi\u00e9n 79 alegaciones de ataques contra personas defensoras (52 hombres y 14 mujeres) y 13 comunidades\nind\u00edgenas y organizaciones defensoras de Derechos Humanos. Adicionalmente, cuatro defensores fueron asesinados, tres\npertenecientes al Comit\u00e9 de Desarrollo Campesino, y un periodista, todos presuntamente vinculados con su labor de defensa.\nLa Procuradur\u00eda de los Derechos Humanos report\u00f3 131 casos de ataques a personas y organizaciones defensoras de derechos\nhumanos, de los que 52 eran contra periodistas. Por su parte, el MP report\u00f3 haber recibido 226 denuncias de delitos contra\npersonas defensoras, de las cuales 75 corresponden a activistas y 151 a periodistas. La Unidad de Protecci\u00f3n a Defensoras y\nDefensores de Derechos Humanos de Guatemala registr\u00f3, de enero a diciembre de 2022, 2,265 agresiones: 2,143 contra\npersonas defensoras (697 mujeres y 1.446 hombres) y 122 contra colectivos.\n\n\nEl contexto de cambio clim\u00e1tico y sus consecuencias en t\u00e9rminos de aumento de la pobreza incrementa a\u00fan m\u00e1s estos riesgos,\ntanto por el control de los grupos criminales en las zonas m\u00e1s impactadas, como por la represi\u00f3n en contra de los movimientos\nde defensa de los derechos de los grupos ind\u00edgenas y defensores de la tierra.\n\n\nPor otra parte, OACNUDH ha documentado la persistencia de estereotipos de g\u00e9nero, raciales y socioecon\u00f3micos en el sistema\nde justicia, as\u00ed como barreras geogr\u00e1ficas, culturales y ling\u00fc\u00edsticas. Se ha recibido informaci\u00f3n que se\u00f1ala tratos\ndiscriminatorios contra personas ind\u00edgenas, incluyendo abogados, desde el momento del primer contacto con el sistema. Las\nmujeres ind\u00edgenas se enfrentan a formas interseccionales de discriminaci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, se ha registrado una falta de int\u00e9rpretes\nadecuados, incluso en departamentos con una mayor\u00eda de poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, como Alta Verapaz y Baja Verapaz.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nFrente a los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y la violencia, la escasa oferta, la continua negligencia para asegurar el acceso\nlimitado y cobertura de servicios esenciales y especializados, diferenciados y de calidad constituye per se un riesgo de\nprotecci\u00f3n por la ausencia de respuesta inmediata que garantice una reducci\u00f3n de riesgos de protecci\u00f3n para las v\u00edctimas y\npersonas m\u00e1s vulnerables. Entre las barreras y vac\u00edos identificados, los servicios no cuentan con la capacidad t\u00e9cnica necesaria,\nlos recursos humanos para responder a la demanda, y/o se encuentran en zonas alejadas de la poblaci\u00f3n en necesidad.\nAdem\u00e1s, se agregan situaciones de discriminaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan el grupo poblacional, combinado a ciertos perfiles. Como resultado,\nla poblaci\u00f3n guatemalteca sufre una importante denegaci\u00f3n estructural de acceso a recursos, oportunidades y servicios que\nimpacta y augmenta vulnerabilidades existentes y amplifica otros riesgos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nSe estima que en 2023 cerca de 2.7 millones de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en Guatemala se encuentran fuera del sistema\neducativo. De esta cifra, 1.8 millones corresponde a educaci\u00f3n inicial (de 0 a 4 a\u00f1os); 350 mil adolescentes en la educaci\u00f3n\nb\u00e1sica; y 677 mil en la educaci\u00f3n diversificada [xxxiii] .\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n es limitado, especialmente en \u00e1reas rurales y comunidades ind\u00edgenas. Las escuelas carecen\nde infraestructura adecuada, personal capacitado y recursos educativos. Esto deja a muchas ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y j\u00f3venes sin la\noportunidad de recibir una educaci\u00f3n de calidad, perpetuando as\u00ed el ciclo de pobreza y desigualdad y aumentando los riesgos\nde reclutamiento por parte de pandillas y grupos criminales, as\u00ed como el trabajo infantil, las violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero y\nembarazos juveniles.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico tambi\u00e9n interrumpen el acceso de los ni\u00f1os y las ni\u00f1as a servicios sociales\nb\u00e1sicos que son esenciales para su desarrollo y bienestar, como los de educaci\u00f3n, salud, agua potable, saneamiento e higiene\n(WASH), as\u00ed como a los servicios de protecci\u00f3n social y de la infancia, entre otros. Seg\u00fan datos del Instituto Nacional de\nEstad\u00edstica (INE), en Guatemala el 68% de las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes del pa\u00eds habitan en hogares en condici\u00f3n de pobreza,\nsituaci\u00f3n que dificulta el acceso a bienes y servicios esenciales para su adecuado desarrollo y bienestar [xxxiv] . En particular, la\nfalta de educaci\u00f3n expone a\u00fan m\u00e1s las personas a los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico por la ausencia de mecanismos\nde enfrentamiento.\n\n\nEn el \u00e1mbito de la salud, la falta de acceso a servicios m\u00e9dicos y a una atenci\u00f3n de calidad es una realidad que afecta a\nnumerosas comunidades. De acuerdo con datos de la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Salud (OMS), Guatemala tiene un \u00cdndice de\nCobertura Universal de Servicios de Salud de 57 sobre 100, lo cual sit\u00faa al pa\u00eds con el nivel m\u00e1s bajo a nivel centroamericano [xxxv] .\n\n\nMuchas \u00e1reas rurales carecen de centros de salud, lo que obliga a las personas a recorrer largas distancias e invertir m\u00e1s\nrecursos para recibir atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica b\u00e1sica. Adem\u00e1s, el OACNUDH ha destacado que una de las principales dificultades a las\nque se enfrentan las comunidades ind\u00edgenas, campesinas y en situaci\u00f3n de pobreza es la falta de acceso a agua de calidad que\nles permita satisfacer sus necesidades diarias y mantener un buen estado de salud [xxxvi] . Se estima que el 50.3 por ciento de los\nhogares ubicados en las regiones pobladas de Guatemala no cuentan con una conexi\u00f3n a red de drenajes, ni sistemas de\ntratamiento como medio de eliminaci\u00f3n de las aguas residuales.\n\n\nDe acuerdo con la CEPAL, el gasto p\u00fablico en salud correspondiente a la red total de servicios del Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica\ny Asistencia Social representa el 1.5 por ciento del PIB, situ\u00e1ndose por debajo de lo observado en Am\u00e9rica Latina (2.9 por\nciento del PIB) y de Centroam\u00e9rica (2.8 por ciento del PIB).\n\n\nEsta falta de acceso a servicios de salud es a\u00fan m\u00e1s preocupante en torno a las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico: seg\u00fan un\nestudio de UNICEF, los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as son muy susceptibles a los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico a corto y largo plazo. Las\ncaracter\u00edsticas fisiol\u00f3gicas, las caracter\u00edsticas conductuales y las necesidades de desarrollo particulares de la infancia, en\nespecial, durante los primeros cinco a\u00f1os de vida, los hacen desproporcionadamente vulnerables a impactos como la escasez\nde agua y alimentos, las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores y por el agua, y los traumatismos f\u00edsicos y psicol\u00f3gicos que\nproducen las crisis s\u00fabitas extremas, como tambi\u00e9n los fen\u00f3menos de aparici\u00f3n lenta como las sequ\u00edas. Un reciente estudio\npublicado por el World Population Review revel\u00f3 que Guatemala ocupa el puesto 196 en t\u00e9rminos de coeficiente intelectual\n(CI) entre 199 pa\u00edses del planeta. Seg\u00fan el informe, Guatemala tiene un puntaje de 47,72, superado por otros pa\u00edses de la\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nregi\u00f3n como Nicaragua en la posici\u00f3n 193, Honduras en el lugar 185, El Salvador en el 162 y Panam\u00e1 en el lugar 124. Para\nalgunos analistas, estos resultados son una evidencia de un mal m\u00e1s grave: los altos \u00edndices de desnutrici\u00f3n infantil, que\nrepresenta una de las principales causas de los bajos resultados a nivel cognitivo. De acuerdo con este estudio, la desnutrici\u00f3n\nest\u00e1 relacionada con una reducci\u00f3n de hasta 14 puntos en el coeficiente intelectual de los menores de edad. [xxxvii]\n\n\nEn el caso de salud mental, seg\u00fan el \u00faltimo An\u00e1lisis de G\u00e9nero [xxxviii], las mujeres entrevistadas indicaron que este servicio no se\nencuentra disponible en los centros de salud, solamente en los hospitales, por lo que solamente el 28 por ciento de las\nentrevistadas indicaron que ellas o alguien de su familia ha tenido acceso a atenci\u00f3n en salud mental en alguna ocasi\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de respuesta, durante el periodo de enero a septiembre de 2022, el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social ha brind\u00f3\nasistencia a un total de 6.513.696 personas y 7.611 familias a trav\u00e9s de varios programas, que incluyeron el comedor social,\nbeca artesana, familias seguras, bolsa social y programa vida. De todas las personas beneficiadas, el programa de comedor\nsocial represent\u00f3 el 98 por ciento del total. Sin embargo, es importante se\u00f1alar que la proporci\u00f3n de recursos asignados por\nel Estado para el financiamiento de programas sociales sigue siendo inferior al promedio de Centroam\u00e9rica, representando\nsolo el 9,5 por ciento del producto interno bruto, mientras que el promedio regional es del 11 por ciento [xxxix] .\n\n\nEn Guatemala, se cuenta con limitada informaci\u00f3n oficial y actualizada sobre las personas con orientaci\u00f3n sexual e identidad\nde g\u00e9nero, expresi\u00f3n y caracter\u00edsticas sexuales diversas, su situaci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica, sus riesgos, entre otros temas. Esto\npuede interpretarse como un efecto de la falta de visibilidad de estas personas, producto de prejuicios o estereotipos\ngeneralizados frente a las mismas, lo que hace eco en la falta de institucionalidad que atienda con especializaci\u00f3n sus\nproblem\u00e1ticas, por ejemplo, en relaci\u00f3n con el derecho a la salud.\n\n\nLas personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transg\u00e9nero, intersexuales y queer LGBTIQ+ se enfrentan a una discriminaci\u00f3n\nsignificativa en los mercados laborales y a menudo se les niega el acceso a servicios como la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y la vivienda.\nComo resultado, pueden ser menos capaces de protegerse contra la violencia y desastres relacionados con el clima. Adem\u00e1s,\nlas estrategias de reducci\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres y recuperaci\u00f3n generalmente priorizan el apoyo y la asistencia para parejas\nheteronormativas o familias monoparentales, a pesar de que la investigaci\u00f3n ha demostrado que las personas LGBTIQ+ corren\nun mayor riesgo de sufrir discriminaci\u00f3n y violencia en alojamientos temporales o de emergencia [xl] .\n\n\nLas personas LGBTIQ+ sufren de estigmatizaci\u00f3n, acoso, discriminaci\u00f3n y violencia. En 2022 se registraron 27 muertes violentas\nde personas LGBTIQ+ [xli] .\n\n\nOtro grupo \u201cmarginalizado\u201d son las personas con discapacidades. Seg\u00fan el Consejo Nacional para la Atenci\u00f3n de las personas\ncon Discapacidad (CONADI), hay 1,408,736 personas con alguna condici\u00f3n de discapacidad en Guatemala [xlii] . Un 34 por ciento\nno tiene ning\u00fan nivel de estudio alcanzado y es analfabeta y el 60 por ciento es de origen ind\u00edgena. Un estudio del ACNUDH\nrefleja que las personas con discapacidad enfrentan m\u00faltiples violaciones de sus derechos humanos, derivados de la falta de\ngarant\u00eda del derecho a la capacidad jur\u00eddica, entre ellos el derecho a la libertad, a la integridad personal, a la justicia, a los\nderechos econ\u00f3micos y a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos [xliii] .\n\n\nLos ni\u00f1os y las ni\u00f1as con discapacidad con altos requisitos de apoyo se ven obligados a vivir en instituciones en Guatemala.\nHay pocas o ninguna pol\u00edtica que les permita vivir en un hogar familiar. Las denuncias de abusos contra ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os con\ndiscapacidad que viven en instituciones no se investigan ni resuelven adecuadamente [xliv] .\n\n\nLa combinaci\u00f3n de un contexto de violencia, la falta de servicios institucionales para responder a las vulneraciones de los\nderechos y necesidades de los grupos m\u00e1s vulnerables, el impacto creciente del cambio clim\u00e1tico en ciertas zonas y\npoblaciones alimenta a la movilidad interna y externa de las personas guatemaltecas. Adem\u00e1s, por su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica,\nlas personas en movilidad humana en el pa\u00eds tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n expuestas a esos riesgos.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nLa combinaci\u00f3n de los altos niveles de violencia en la regi\u00f3n e inestabilidad econ\u00f3mica, pol\u00edtica y social, y los efectos adversos\ndel cambio clim\u00e1tico resultaron en el desplazamiento de alrededor de 20 millones de personas en las Am\u00e9ricas a finales de\n2022 [xlv] . En el a\u00f1o fiscal 2022, la CBP (U.S. Customs and Border Protection) identific\u00f3 en frontera sur de EE. UU a 2.37 millones\nde personas indocumentadas, es decir un aumento de casi 40 por ciento en comparaci\u00f3n con 2021 [xlvi] .\n\nLas personas en movilidad humana en Guatemala representan diversos perfiles y experimentan m\u00faltiples riesgos de\nprotecci\u00f3n, los cuales aumentan en el caso de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes (acompa\u00f1ados y no acompa\u00f1ados)\ntanto durante el ingreso, tr\u00e1nsito y retorno al pa\u00eds. Dentro de los flujos que pasan por Guatemala hacia el norte, las principales\nnacionalidades son Honduras, Venezuela, Ecuador y Hait\u00ed. Las mujeres representan alrededor de 35 por ciento de las personas\nen movilidad humana, la mayor\u00eda de las personas son menores de 30 a\u00f1os y 15 por ciento menores de edad.\n\nLa multiplicidad y cambios repentinos de las pol\u00edticas migratorias regionales han tenido un doble impacto en torno a la\nprotecci\u00f3n de las personas en movilidad humana: por una parte, a pesar que en su mayor\u00eda las personas en movilidad saben\nleer y escribir (92.7 por ciento [xlvii] ), les resulta muy confuso entender los nuevos procedimientos para acceder a las nuevos\nprogramas, son v\u00edctimas de desinformaci\u00f3n y les cuesta cumplir con los requisitos; por otra parte, esas nuevas pol\u00edticas se\nacompa\u00f1an de un reforzamiento de los controles fronterizos y militarizaci\u00f3n de la frontera y dificultan el acceso al territorio,\naumentando los riesgos de devoluci\u00f3n para las personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n (seg\u00fan datos del ACNUR, 14 por ciento\nde las personas encuestadas hab\u00edan intentado entrar m\u00e1s de una vez a Guatemala [xlviii] ) y los riesgos de abusos y extorsiones.\nDe enero a octubre de 2022, la polic\u00eda detuvo y expuls\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de 13.000 personas a Honduras, en su mayor\u00eda venezolanos sin\nvisa. Polic\u00edas y soldados han sido desplegados en la frontera\nsur de Guatemala para evitar que las personas que no\ncumplen con los requisitos migratorios vigentes ingresen y\ntransiten por el pa\u00eds. En octubre de 2022, se presentaron\nenfrentamientos violentos con un grupo de personas en\nflujos mixtos que intentaba cruzar la frontera desde\nHonduras [xlix] .\n\n\nEn consecuencia, las restricciones en el acceso al territorio\npara las personas en movilidad humana est\u00e1n reforzando el\npoder y alcance de las redes de coyotes y exponen a las\npersonas a diversos riesgos en el camino (violencias\nsexuales, trata, explotaci\u00f3n, reclutamiento por el crimen\norganizado, entre los m\u00e1s reportados\u2026), especialmente\npara los perfiles m\u00e1s vulnerables: mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes, personas LGBTIQ+. Seg\u00fan el informe de\nmonitoreo DTM (Matriz de Seguimiento de Desplazamiento)\nde OIM [l], el 43 por ciento de las personas entrevistadas\nindicaron haber sufrido m\u00e1s de un hecho de violencia\ndurante su trayecto migratorio (robo, extorsi\u00f3n, maltrato,\ninsultos, agresiones, secuestro, discriminaci\u00f3n\u2026).\n\nAdem\u00e1s, los agentes fronterizos en el pa\u00eds tienen una capacidad limitada para identificar a las personas que necesitan\nprotecci\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan el monitoreo de movimientos mixtos de ACNUR (enero-junio 2023) [li], 36 por ciento de las personas\nencuestadas mencionaron al menos una raz\u00f3n relacionada con la violencia o la persecuci\u00f3n como una de las razones de su\nsalida.\n\nA pesar de la restauraci\u00f3n del T\u00edtulo 8 por EE. UU. se ha visto afectado el acceso al sistema de asilo para las personas con\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional huyendo de la violencia en sus pa\u00edses de origen. Las nuevas reglas y pr\u00e1cticas\nintroducidas durante 2023 no solo restringen el acceso al territorio de EE. UU para personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional, sino que agilizan el proceso de deportaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida, conocido como \u201cremoci\u00f3n acelerada\u201d y a\u00fan sancionan la\nentrada irregular con 5 a\u00f1os de prohibici\u00f3n de ingreso a EE. UU y sanciones penales por nuevos intentos. Para poder maximizar\nla posibilidad de poder acceder al procedimiento de asilo estadounidense, los solicitantes deben registrarse en una aplicaci\u00f3n,\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nCBP One App, para conseguir una cita para ser procesado en una puerta de entrada. Los plazos de espera son largos y dejan a\nlas personas a\u00fan m\u00e1s expuestas a riesgos de protecci\u00f3n mientras esperen su cita. Sin embargo, los informes de OIM y ACNUR\ncoinciden en que EE. UU sigue siendo el destino prioritario para el 94 por ciento de las personas encuestadas en Guatemala.\n\nLas personas en movilidad humana se encuentran generalmente en situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad y esto provoca dificultades\npara acceder a servicios y derechos. El elevado n\u00famero de personas transitando por Guatemala crea una alta presi\u00f3n en los\nservicios de asistencia humanitaria disponibles en el pa\u00eds.\n\nPor un lado, debido a las necesidades espec\u00edficas que\npresentan algunos perfiles considerados m\u00e1s\nvulnerables como las madres o padres solteros con\nhijos/as menores de edad, mujeres embarazadas o en\nper\u00edodo de lactancia, personas con alguna condici\u00f3n\nm\u00e9dica cr\u00edtica o cr\u00f3nica, personas sobrevivientes de\nviolencia psicol\u00f3gica o sexual y personas con\ndiscapacidad; por otra parte, el limitado acceso a\nservicios, siendo un ejemplo de ello lo encontrado en\nla encuesta del ACNUR donde el 48 por ciento de las\npersonas encuestadas [lii] dijo haber tenido que dormir\nen lugares abiertos, parques o en carpas ubicadas en\nla calle durante su desplazamiento; y 1 de cada 5\npersonas que necesitaron acceder a servicios de salud\nno pudieron hacerlo o les fueron negados. La\nalimentaci\u00f3n es otro problema importante; el 59 por\nciento de las personas se\u00f1al\u00f3 haber tenido una o\nninguna comida el d\u00eda anterior a la encuesta, frente a\nun 11 por ciento que pudieron acceder a tres comidas\n\n- m\u00e1s. Del mismo modo, 2 de cada 3 personas\nse\u00f1alaron haber necesitado saltarse comidas durante\nel mes anterior a la encuesta y un 13 por ciento dijo\nhaber pasado d\u00edas enteros sin comer. Esta situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad se ve reflejada en las preocupaciones y necesidades\nse\u00f1aladas por las personas: dinero en efectivo, alimentos, alojamiento, agua y medicinas.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de informaci\u00f3n, seg\u00fan los datos recopilados por OIM, las personas est\u00e1n interesadas en rutas seguras, procesos\nadministrativos, procesos de regularizaci\u00f3n, asilo y refugio. Adem\u00e1s, el 6.1 por ciento indicaron estar interesadas en regresar\nvoluntariamente a su pa\u00eds, lo que puede reflejar el impacto de las pol\u00edticas migratorias m\u00e1s restrictivas para ciertas\nnacionalidades [liii] .\n\nAdem\u00e1s, las personas desplazadas son a\u00fan m\u00e1s impactadas por los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, ya sea en su pa\u00eds de\n\norigen o en el pa\u00eds de tr\u00e1nsito/destino por estar\nen zonas altamente vulnerables. Estos impactos\nse incrementan porque las personas no cuentan\ncon los recursos necesarios para enfrentarlos,\ncomo tampoco respuesta de los estados, lo que\nnuevamente afecta sus posibilidades de acceso\na protecci\u00f3n, asistencia y desarrollo, en especial\npara los ni\u00f1os, las ni\u00f1as y los adolescentes [liv] . En\nla misma l\u00ednea, los datos apuntan tambi\u00e9n al\nsevero impacto que el desplazamiento tiene\nsobre la econom\u00eda de las personas y familias en\nmovilidad. La mayor\u00eda de las personas\nencuestadas por ACNUR se\u00f1alan haber tenido\nque utilizar ahorros, remesas, pr\u00e9stamos o\nventa de pertenencias para costear su viaje.\nMuchas personas pagan entre 10.000 y 20.000\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\nd\u00f3lares americanos a las redes de tr\u00e1fico de personas. Muchas de ellas quedan endeudadas, independientemente del \u00e9xito o\nno del viaje, enfrent\u00e1ndose a m\u00faltiples formas de violencia ejercida por estas redes [lv] .\n\nPor el n\u00famero de personas cruzando Guatemala en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional, el pa\u00eds se\nha convertido progresivamente en una opci\u00f3n para las personas solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. As\u00ed en 2022, 962\nsolicitudes fueron registradas y ya 723 a finales de julio 2023. Adem\u00e1s, hay en total 2,005 solicitudes pendientes de resoluci\u00f3n,\nmientras que 585 personas han sido reconocidas como refugiadas entre 2018-2023.\n\nAun as\u00ed, los dos mayores desaf\u00edos en torno al sistema de protecci\u00f3n internacional siguen siendo la centralizaci\u00f3n de todos los\nservicios del Departamento del Estatuto de Refugiado en Ciudad Guatemala, lo que impone gastos de transporte [lvi] y los largos\nplazos para el reconocimiento, que demoran m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o. Adem\u00e1s, la documentaci\u00f3n otorgada a las personas solicitantes\nde la condici\u00f3n de refugiado no cuenta con los requisitos (CUI \u2013 C\u00f3digo \u00danico de Identificaci\u00f3n) necesarios para facilitar su\nreconocimiento y registro en los servicios institucionales. Eso frena y limita la integraci\u00f3n local de las personas y su acceso a\nservicios de educaci\u00f3n (especialmente para la certificaci\u00f3n de competencias), empleo, vivienda, servicios financieros y de\nmicrocr\u00e9dito, entre otros. Adem\u00e1s, para las personas refugiadas, los costos elevados del tr\u00e1mite de la residencia temporal y\nadquisici\u00f3n del DPI (Documento Personal de Identidad) siguen constituyendo un obst\u00e1culo para su plena integraci\u00f3n, sumado\nal contexto de violencia, inseguridad y discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLos cambios en la pol\u00edtica migratoria de EE. UU se han traducido en un aumento del n\u00famero de personas retornadas: de\nacuerdo con las cifras del Instituto Guatemalteco de Migraci\u00f3n (IGM), entre enero 2022 y junio 2023 hubo alrededor de 82,000\npersonas retornadas por v\u00eda a\u00e9rea a Guatemala desde EE. UU y M\u00e9xico y 83,000 por v\u00eda terrestre (siendo un 25 por ciento\naproximadamente mujeres) [lvii] . Para 2022, 16,159 (17 por ciento) fueron ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os (7,494 no acompa\u00f1ados y 8,665 unidades\nfamiliares), mientras que en que va de 2023, se han reportado 2,894 ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as (1,333 acompa\u00f1ados y 1,561 no\nacompa\u00f1ados). Sin embargo, es importante notar que las cifras pueden ser mayores ya que, de acuerdo con organizaciones\ncomunitarias y de sociedad civil, el IGM no siempre aplica el protocolo de recepci\u00f3n, en las fronteras de El Ceibo y Tec\u00fan Um\u00e1n.\n\n\nEstos retornos han puesto a\u00fan m\u00e1s presi\u00f3n en la fr\u00e1gil econom\u00eda de Guatemala y las personas retornadas siguen enfrentando\nvarios desaf\u00edos y riesgos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\nPor un lado, porque las personas pueden seguir expuestas a los mismos riesgos que les empujaron a salir del pa\u00eds y una vez\ndevueltas no pueden regresar a sus lugares de origen ya que su vida e integridad se encuentran amenazadas. Por otro lado,\nen muchos casos las personas tuvieron que acceder a cr\u00e9ditos informales, asumiendo deudas que no van a poder pagar por\nfalta de acceso a oportunidades de medios de vida, lo que tambi\u00e9n incrementa los riesgos de regresar a sus comunidades.\nAdem\u00e1s, las personas que son devueltas a Guatemala enfrentan la presi\u00f3n de contribuir al mantenimiento de la familia que\nse qued\u00f3 en el pa\u00eds, lo cual les empuja a buscar nuevas formas para volver a salir.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n, el n\u00famero creciente de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes retornados plantea varios desaf\u00edos de reunificaci\u00f3n con sus\nfamiliares y reintegraci\u00f3n en sus comunidades. Este grupo poblacional, necesita atenci\u00f3n especial y apoyo psicosocial para\napoyar la superaci\u00f3n de los traumas que representa la ruta migratoria, para no caer en redes de trata y tr\u00e1fico y asegurar un\nacceso integral a esquemas de protecci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n.\n\nEn conclusi\u00f3n, el contexto actual de protecci\u00f3n en Guatemala alimenta un alto nivel de desplazamiento tanto a nivel interno,\ncomo regional, afectando los derechos de las personas guatemaltecas y en movilidad en el pa\u00eds. Como pa\u00eds de retorno,\nGuatemala todav\u00eda debe promover y crear las condiciones para una reintegraci\u00f3n segura y sostenible para sus connacionales,\nmientras se crean las condiciones que permitan la integraci\u00f3n local de las personas en movilidad humana que lo desean.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n#### **RESPUESTA**\n\n**AVANCES EN MATERIA DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nEl pa\u00eds cuenta con siete Centros de Atenci\u00f3n para Personas Migrantes y Refugiadas (CAPMiRs) que operan como parte de\nuna iniciativa liderada por el Gobierno de Guatemala: ACNUR-quien es la agencia l\u00edder en 5 de los CAPMiRs, OIM-agencia\nl\u00edder en 2 y UNICEF. A trav\u00e9s de la presencia de ACNUR en 6 oficinas en el territorio nacional y la coordinaci\u00f3n con\ninstituciones del estado y socios, 278,577 asistencias han beneficiado a 223 000 personas por parte de ACNUR en el\nperiodo 2022-2023. El sub-cl\u00faster de VBG ha liderado una serie de esfuerzo coordinado que incluyen, entre otros,\ncapacitaci\u00f3n para actores humanitarios que prestan servicios para sobrevivientes de VBG, el desarrollo de instrumentos\npara la evaluaci\u00f3n y monitoreo de espacios seguros y libres de violencia, prestado servicios integrales para sobrevivientes\nde violencia a nivel territorial. Se lleva a cabo un proceso de mapeo de servicios de atenci\u00f3n para sobrevivientes de\nviolencia con una cobertura de seis (6) departamentos priorizados, y el desarrollo de una propuesta de modelo de\natenci\u00f3n (abreviados, remotos, m\u00f3viles), y un proceso de gesti\u00f3n de casos de VBG, promoviendo espacios seguros para\nmujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as, y atenci\u00f3n psicosocial en seis municipios con mayores impactos de la Tormenta Julia-2022.\nSe ha llevado a cabo formaci\u00f3n dedicada al Equipo Humanitario del Cap\u00edtulo de las Verapaces, la Red de Derivaci\u00f3n de\nCob\u00e1n, de Morales e Izabal, el Centro de Atenci\u00f3n Integral para Mujeres -CAIMUS- con sede en Cob\u00e1n. Se ha dado\nseguimiento en coordinaci\u00f3n con el Ministerio Publico -MP-, Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica y Asistencia social \u2013MSPAS- y, el\nInstituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica -INE-, al registro y seguimiento de la informaci\u00f3n estad\u00edstica sobre la violencia de g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nUNICEF ha estrechado alianzas con Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica y Asistencia Social, Secretar\u00eda contra la Violencia Sexual,\nExplotaci\u00f3n y Trata de personas \u2013SVET- y Secretar\u00eda de Bienestar social de la presidencia atendiendo en el per\u00edodo 2022\na 2023, 883 personas en prevenci\u00f3n terciaria; 7,775 en prevenci\u00f3n secundaria y 456,888 en prevenci\u00f3n primaria.\nAdicionalmente conform\u00f3 un consorcio para la atenci\u00f3n humanitaria a la ni\u00f1ez en contexto de movilidad, integrado por\n8 organizaciones de sociedad civil con las que se apoya a instituciones de gobierno y se prestan servicios.\n\n\nDesde finales de 2022, el sector de Protecci\u00f3n y el EHP cuentan con el apoyo de una Asesora Regional del Proyecto de\nCapacidad de Reserva de Protecci\u00f3n (ProCap), lo que ha permitido plantear la CdP dentro del EHP y del grupo\nintersectorial.\n\n\nEn el pa\u00eds el Grupo de Trabajo de G\u00e9nero del EHP como parte de su mandato ha contribuido con el dise\u00f1o del c\u00f3digo de\nconducta del EHP el cual incluye un apartado espec\u00edfico de prevenci\u00f3n de la explotaci\u00f3n y abuso sexual\n\n\n**DIFICULTADES Y MEDIDAS RELACIONADAS CON EL ACCESO**\n\n\nEn el contexto de Guatemala, el acceso a las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables e impactadas por los riesgos planteados sigue\nsiendo un desaf\u00edo, tanto por cuestiones geogr\u00e1ficas, la adaptaci\u00f3n de los servicios al contexto \u00e9tnico-ling\u00fc\u00edstico, la\ncapacidad de cobertura, calidad y especializaci\u00f3n; temas de seguridad por el control de grupos criminales en ciertas \u00e1reas,\ncomo por las barreras culturales, la prevalencia de normas sociales y g\u00e9nero que siguen perpetuando la violencia contra\nlas mujeres, y justifican una serie de pr\u00e1cticas nocivas que ponen en riesgo los derechos humanos de toda la poblaci\u00f3n,\nespecialmente aquellos en situaci\u00f3n de mayores riesgos de protecci\u00f3n, seguridad y violencia.\n\n\n**DEFICIENCIAS CR\u00cdTICAS DE FINANCIACI\u00d3N Y POBLACI\u00d3N ALCANZADA**\n\n\nLos requerimientos financieros anuales del sector fueron de 42.3\nmillones de d\u00f3lares, de los cuales (al mes de julio de 2023) solo se ha\nalcanzado a cubrir un 28.4 por ciento .\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n#### **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA**\n\n\n- Priorizar la desagregaci\u00f3n de datos accesibles por sexo, edad, etnia y discapacidad en los procesos de registro, investigaci\u00f3n y\nsanci\u00f3n ante la vulneraci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos;\n\n- Continuar adoptando medidas para avanzar en la implementaci\u00f3n de los marcos nacionales, regionales e internacionales para\nla eliminaci\u00f3n de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, con especial \u00e9nfasis en la violencia contra las mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\nadolescentes y poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+;\n\n- Promover e implementar medidas de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n efectivas para garantizar el respeto, la vida e integridad a las\npersonas defensoras de derechos humanos, la organizaci\u00f3n comunitaria y las autoridades ind\u00edgenas;\n\n- Dar cumplimiento a las directrices y est\u00e1ndares internacionales y regionales para generar condiciones t\u00e9cnicas e institucionales\nde mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez en contextos de emergencia (incluyendo en\nrelaci\u00f3n con el cambio clim\u00e1tico y la movilidad humana);\n\n- Dar cumplimiento a las prioridades nacionales definidas en el Plan Nacional para la prevenci\u00f3n y erradicaci\u00f3n de la violencia\ncontra las mujeres, PLANOVI 2020-2029 y otros marcos de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y marcos legales.\n\n\n**COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Priorizar la transversalidad y centralidad de la protecci\u00f3n en las estrategias, planes de contingencia y respuestas ante las\nviolencias, desastres, y cambio clim\u00e1tico;\n\n- Asegurar la incorporaci\u00f3n de acciones de prevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de VBG y protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez en los planes de\npreparaci\u00f3n y respuesta intersectorial;\n\n- Reforzar el cumplimiento del c\u00f3digo de conducta que incluye acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta a la explotaci\u00f3n y abuso sexual;\n\n- Desarrollar una agenda com\u00fan y conjunta de incidencia para la promoci\u00f3n y cumplimiento de la centralidad en la protecci\u00f3n al\nm\u00e1s alto nivel, que visibilice el impacto humanitario de la crisis de protecci\u00f3n, violencia e inseguridad que enfrentan las zonas\nm\u00e1s vulnerables del pa\u00eds y promover planes de respuesta coordinados, mecanismos locales para la mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos, as\u00ed\ncomo el desarrollo de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en el nivel nacional y local;\n\n- Apoyar procesos de incidencia de la Sociedad Civil y actores humanitarios que vayan en l\u00ednea con la b\u00fasqueda de prevenci\u00f3n,\nprotecci\u00f3n, asistencia y soluciones duraderas, atendiendo el principio del triple nexo;\n\n- asegurar la participaci\u00f3n efectiva de las mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes y pueblos ind\u00edgenas en los procesos de toma de\ndecisi\u00f3n, ampliando y fortaleciendo los espacios de la arquitectura humanitaria en el nivel nacional y local.\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA Y A LA COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Asegurar que las acciones de respuesta a los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n no profundicen la divisi\u00f3n desigual del trabajo y las\nresponsabilidades de cuidados no remunerados de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes para no profundizar el da\u00f1o y las\ndesigualdades de g\u00e9nero preexistentes;\n\n- Reforzar los procesos institucionales (administrativos, log\u00edsticos y operacionales) para que estos sean r\u00e1pidos y adaptados para\nresponder a contextos de emergencia, especialmente en torno a los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, violencia e\ninseguridad;\n\n- Reforzar, potenciar y facilitar la recolecci\u00f3n de datos diferenciados y de calidad sobre desplazamiento en relaci\u00f3n con el cambio\nclim\u00e1tico y los desastres;\n\n- Desarrollar mecanismos directos e incluyentes de monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n, locales y comunitarios, reconociendo y potenciado\nlos liderazgos preexistentes de mujeres, j\u00f3venes, autoridades, pueblos ind\u00edgenas, personas en movilidad humana, personas\nLGBTIQ+ y con discapacidad, entre otros:\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\n`o` Promover y garantizar la participaci\u00f3n significativa de la poblaci\u00f3n en la toma de decisiones incluyendo mujeres, ni\u00f1os,\nni\u00f1as y adolescentes, pueblos ind\u00edgenas, personas en movilidad humana, personas LGBTIQ+;\n\n`o` Asegurar la provisi\u00f3n y acceso efectivo a servicios esenciales e integrales, medidas de protecci\u00f3n para sobrevivientes\nde violencia de g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres, incluyendo centros de acogida, espacios seguros, redes de apoyo, rutas y\ngu\u00edas abreviadas para la referencia de casos, y mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n liderados por mujeres;\n\n`o` Asegurar la protecci\u00f3n de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes contra la violencia sexual y la participaci\u00f3n de las\nmujeres en la prevenci\u00f3n, manejo y transformaci\u00f3n de los conflictos y en la recuperaci\u00f3n postconflicto, en l\u00ednea con\nde la Recomendaci\u00f3n General No. 30 del Comit\u00e9 CEDAW;\n\n`o` Incorporar las acciones necesarias incluidas en la recomendaci\u00f3n General No.37 de la CEDAW sobre las dimensiones\nde g\u00e9nero de la reducci\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres en el contexto del cambio clim\u00e1tico.\n\n`o` Facilitar la recuperaci\u00f3n del tejido social local y comunitario, incluyendo los liderazgos de las mujeres, j\u00f3venes y pueblos\nind\u00edgenas;\n\n`o` Fortalecer el rol y la prestaci\u00f3n de los servicios integrales de las Redes de Derivaci\u00f3n con cobertura en el nivel municipal\ny departamental.\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA**\n\n\n- Continuar fortaleciendo las capacidades de las instituciones del Estado para proporcionar servicios de protecci\u00f3n especializados,\ndiferenciados, de calidad y desconcentraci\u00f3n particularmente para personas en movilidad humana interna y externa, y personas\nsobrevivientes de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, personas ind\u00edgenas, con discapacidad y LGBTIQ+.\n\n\n**COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Promover el establecimiento de sistemas de protecci\u00f3n a la ni\u00f1ez en los \u00e1mbitos familiar, comunitario y municipal, asegurando\nla desconcentraci\u00f3n de servicios de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial al nivel municipal, accesibles y con pertinencia cultural.\n\n- Seguir implementando proyectos de protecci\u00f3n especializados, diferenciados, de calidad, particularmente para personas en\nmovilidad humana, sobrevivientes de violencia de g\u00e9nero.\n\n- Promover espacios seguros y redes de apoyo a nivel comunitarios como medidas de protecci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de\nviolencia de g\u00e9nero y contra las mujeres en situaciones de emergencia.\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA Y A LA COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Seguir desarrollando acciones conjuntas para la prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia contra personas en movilidad humana interna y\nexterna, personas sobrevivientes de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y asegurar su acceso a servicios de atenci\u00f3n integral y\nespecializados.\n\n- Fortalecer la descentralizaci\u00f3n de los servicios esenciales para sobrevivientes de violencia, programaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n y de\nmitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos en contexto de emergencia, ampliando y fortaleciendo las capacidades de recursos humanos para la\nprestaci\u00f3n de servicios de calidad, con enfoque de derechos, adecuados y libres de discriminaci\u00f3n y racismo.\n\n- Impulsar y apoyar los esfuerzos para cumplir con la Recomendaci\u00f3n General 33 del Comit\u00e9 CEDAW para garantizar el derecho\nde acceso efectivo de las mujeres a la justicia, la reparaci\u00f3n transformadora y el sistema de justicia que elijan, con debida\ndiligencia y la protecci\u00f3n de sus derechos contra todas las formas de discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n- Garantizar la participaci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n igualitaria y sin discriminaci\u00f3n a las personas de la comunidad LGBTIQ+, en situaci\u00f3n de\ndiscapacidad y de discriminaci\u00f3n interseccional.\n\n- Fortalecer la presencia de instituciones de protecci\u00f3n y programas dirigidos a la prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta a en los\nterritorios/comunidades donde se han identificado mayores riesgos.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA**\n\n\n- Seguir desarrollando programas y proyectos que permitan abordar las principales causas de la movilidad interna y externa de\nlas personas guatemaltecas a causa de las violencias, incorporando enfoques diferenciados de edad, g\u00e9nero y diversidad.\n\n- Fortalecer la respuesta institucional y desarrollo de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas para responder a las necesidades de las personas en\nmovilidad humana, tanto a trav\u00e9s del acceso al territorio y al Sistema Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional, as\u00ed como a servicios\nde asistencia, atenci\u00f3n integral y soluciones para las personas en tr\u00e1nsito, solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiados y personas\nretornadas;\n\n- Continuar adoptando medidas y desarrollo de pol\u00edticas orientadas a garantizar la reintegraci\u00f3n sostenible de las personas\nguatemaltecas retornadas, mediante la implementaci\u00f3n de mecanismos para la identificaci\u00f3n de necesidades de protecci\u00f3n,\nasistencia y soluciones duraderas.\n\n- Continuar con los esfuerzos institucionales para la integraci\u00f3n de las personas refugiadas y solicitantes de esa condici\u00f3n.\n\n- Seguir fortaleciendo los procesos y el acceso igualitario al reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado.\n\n- Facilitar la coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional para la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios integrales, con \u00e9nfasis en la zona fronterizas,\nasegurando el tr\u00e1nsito seguro, libre de violencia, discriminaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Fomentar actividades de apoyo a la integraci\u00f3n de las personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional y para las personas\nguatemaltecas retornadas para su reintegraci\u00f3n.\n\n- Promover una cultura de respecto, protecci\u00f3n y de apoyo para un retorno seguro, libre de estigma y discriminaci\u00f3n a nivel local.\n\n- Apoyar procesos de desarrollo de pol\u00edticas tendientes a garantizar asistencia, protecci\u00f3n y soluciones a personas retornadas con\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n- En coordinaci\u00f3n cercana con las autoridades locales ampliar las iniciativas de comunicaci\u00f3n con comunidades, mecanismos de\nrendici\u00f3n de cuentas de base comunitario, campa\u00f1as informativas y rutas de atenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n para las personas en\nmovilidad humana.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\n**Metodolog\u00eda**\n\n\nSe hizo un an\u00e1lisis de los indicadores y umbrales recomendados por el Cl\u00faster Global de Protecci\u00f3n para ajustar la severidad\na la metodolog\u00eda del Marco de An\u00e1lisis Conjunto e Intersectorial (JIAF, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). A ra\u00edz de este an\u00e1lisis, se\nseleccionaron ocho indicadores recomendados por el Cl\u00faster Global de Protecci\u00f3n y se agregaron otros seis que, en\nconjunto, permiten describir la situaci\u00f3n de las \u00e1reas de responsabilidad del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n (protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez\ny violencia basada en g\u00e9nero).\n\n\nLa informaci\u00f3n de los catorce indicadores proviene de fuentes secundarias; principalmente, informes de instituciones del\nEstado guatemalteco, organismos de derechos humanos, Sistema de Naciones Unidas (SNU), ONGs y organizaciones de la\nsociedad civil. Los indicadores se organizaron en categor\u00edas y luego se agregaron en un indicador compuesto para obtener\nuna medida \u00fanica de severidad por municipio. La Poblaci\u00f3n en Necesidad (PiN por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) de cada municipio,\nse calcul\u00f3 tomando como base el \u00edndice compuesto y los umbrales recomendados para Protecci\u00f3n en el M\u00f3dulo 2 del JIAF.\n\n\n**Limitaciones**\n\n\nGuatemala est\u00e1 dividida administrativamente en 22 departamentos y 340 municipios. En muchos casos, los municipios\ntienen caracter\u00edsticas y contextos socio culturales espec\u00edficos y diferenciales, presentan dificultades de acceso y tienen\npoca presencia institucional. Los vac\u00edos en la presencia de las instituciones generan, entre muchos otros problemas, una\nbarrera para poder acceder a informaci\u00f3n oficial desagregada, actualizada y de calidad para todos los indicadores. Este\ndesaf\u00edo presenta a\u00fan m\u00e1s retos en la respuesta a las situaciones de violencia, la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero (VBG), o acceso\na los servicios de salud.\n\n\nCon la informaci\u00f3n disponible, y a partir de informaci\u00f3n secundaria, este documento hace un an\u00e1lisis cuantitativo y\ncualitativo de la situaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n en el pa\u00eds. Por lo tanto, los \u00edndices de severidad y el n\u00famero de PiN aqu\u00ed reflejados\nno deben tomarse como valores estad\u00edsticos. Se trata m\u00e1s bien de estimaciones realizadas por el equipo interagencial y\nmultidisciplinario que se encarg\u00f3 del an\u00e1lisis, con el fin de proponer una respuesta humanitaria pertinente, eficiente y en\ncoherencia con las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds, especialmente en los territorios con mayores impactos y riesgos de\nprotecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nPara obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, p\u00f3ngase en contacto con:\n\n**-** **Sector de protecci\u00f3n: Anne Bitner** - **BITNER@unhcr.org y Zayda Gomez \u2013** **zayda.gomez@unwomen.org**\n\n**-** **AoR de violencia de genero: Yolanda Avila -** **avila@unfpa.org y Claire Gaulin \u2013** **cgaulin@iom.int**\n\n**-** **AoR de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez: Justo Solorzano -** **jsolorzano@unicef.org**\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GUATEMALA** Diciembre de 2023\n\n\n**Notas**\n\n\n_ihttps://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2023/06/07/2023060800759eHmz6DmFKboNQ5Y3OlqNkbi9izmXULaP.pdf_\n_ii https://www.unicef.org/guatemala/informes/cambio-clim%C3%A1tico-en-guatemala_\n_iii An\u00e1lisis de clasificaci\u00f3n integrada de la Seguridad Alimentaria en Fases \u2013CIF- junio a septiembre de 2022._\n_iv Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica y Asistencia Social \u2013PSPAS- en su reporte de la semana epidemiol\u00f3gica 24-2023_\n_v Guatemala: por qu\u00e9 la mayor econom\u00eda de Centroam\u00e9rica tiene uno de los peores coeficientes intelectuales del mundo - BBC News Mundo_\n_vi WRD2023_Report.pdf (wvi.org)_\n_vii CGIAR: Science for humanity's greatest challenges_\n_viii Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf (oacnudh.org.gt)_\n_ix Guatemala Panorama general (bancomundial.org)_\n_x https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/GTM_\n_xi https://guatemala.un.org/sites/default/fles/2021-07/CCA%202021.pdf_\n_xii Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xiii Guatemala Panorama general (bancomundial.org)_\n_xiv SC_Guatemala_2020 V2 (infosegura.org)_\n_xv https://infosegura.org/guatemala_\n_xvi SC_Guatemala_2020 V2 (infosegura.org)_\n_xvii Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf (oacnudh.org.gt)_\n_xviii https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/nationwide-encounters_\n_xix Southwest Land Border Encounters | U.S. Customs and Border Protection (cbp.gov)_\n_xx https://www.uscis.gov/es/CHNV_\n_xxi https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/04/28/hoja-informativa-el-gobierno-de-ee-uu-anuncia-nuevas-medidas-contundentes-para_\n_xxii Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xxiii ONU Mujeres, CARE. An\u00e1lisis R\u00e1pido de G\u00e9nero, 2023._\n_xxiv https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mN9XwKzpY9Wgk5yDQLHMMvXrj666gj0A_\n_xxv https://infosegura.org/guatemala_\n_xxvi https://infosegura.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/sc-guatemala-2022-b.pdf_\n_xxvii Informe Invertir en la infancia\u201d, UNICEF 2023_\n_xxviii Infograf\u00eda SNIVCM INE 2021_v4 (infosegura.org)_\n_xxix PAU 2022._\n_xxx Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xxxi https://oacnudh.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xxxii https://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2023/06/07/2023060800759eHmz6DmFKboNQ5Y3OlqNkbi9izmXULaP.pdf._\n_xxxiii Informe Invertir en la infancia, UNICEF 2023._\n_xxxiv Informe Invertir en la infancia, UNICEF 2023_\n_xxxv Informe Invertir en la infancia, UNICEF 2023_\n_xxxvi https://oacnudh.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xxxvii https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/cd1x9yg9876o_\n_xxxviii ONU Mujeres, CARE. An\u00e1lisis R\u00e1pido de G\u00e9nero, 2023._\n_xxxix Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe, Panorama Social de Am\u00e9rica Latina, 2021 (Santiago, 2021)._\n_xl https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/Policy-brief-Ensuring-safe-and-regular-migration-for-women-and-girls-in-the-context-of-climate-_\n_change-en.pdf_\n_xlihttps://oacnudh.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Situacion-de-los-Derechos-Humanos-en-Guatemala-2022-Informe-del-Alto-Comisionado.pdf_\n_xlii CONADI_\n_xliii https://guatemala.un.org/sites/default/fles/2021-_\n_12/An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20%20la%20Situaci%C3%B3n%20de%20los%20%20Derechos%20de%20las%20Personas%20con%20Discapacidad%20en%20Guat_\n_emala_2021%20-%20UNPRPD%20FINAL.pdf._\n_xliv https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/guatemala_\n_xlv https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/WRD2023_Report.pdf_\n_xlvi_\n_xlvii Monitoreo de flujos reporte CAMBIOS 6 JULIO (iom.int)_\n_xlviii Document - Guatemala: Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos - Enero-junio 2023 (unhcr.org)_\n_xlix https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/guatemala_\n_l Monitoreo de flujos reporte CAMBIOS 6 JULIO (iom.int)_\n_li Document - Guatemala: Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos - Enero-junio 2023 (unhcr.org)_\n_lii Document - Guatemala: Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos - Enero-junio 2023 (unhcr.org)_\n_liii Monitoreo de flujos reporte CAMBIOS 6 JULIO (iom.int)_\n_liv https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/WRD2023_Report.pdf_\n_lv Document - Guatemala: Monitoreo de Movimientos Mixtos - Enero-junio 2023 (unhcr.org)_\n_lvi https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/the-search-for-protection/a-snapshot-of-latin-american-legal-protection-frameworks_spanish.pdf_\n_lvii Aproximado de datos que reporta IGM, fuente: Guatemala | OIM (iom.int)_\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7d8aa0-cb0d-4941-9fac-16f40941de37/Protection%20Cluster%20Guatemala%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_563/raw/doc_563_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_563/raw/doc_563_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 15a222656a4c83d901ce3bce0efe26abfa3a1a37..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_563/raw/doc_563_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The displacement crisis in Somalia is a complex and multifaceted issue. It is caused by a combination of factors, including\nconflict and climatic shocks. This displacement is often characterized with protection risks [1] faced by the displaced populations.\nWith particular focus on Kismaayo district, the main drivers of displacement include conflict and drought as per the Protection\nand Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) [2] in Somalia as of October, before the occurrence of El Ni\u00f1o / flooding. This Protection\nAnalysis Update brings attention to the prevalent protection risks currently being faced by the populations in Kismaayo district,\nand is as below:\n\n - Risk 1: Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access\n\n - Risk 2: Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.\n\n - Risk 3: Gender Based Violence\n\n\n1 _[Protection Risks: Explanatory Note](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/994/training-materials/template/protection-risks-explanatory-note)_\n\n_2_ _[Protection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN)](https://prmn-somalia.unhcr.org/)_ _is a UNHCR-led project and platform for identifying and reporting on displacements (including returns)_\n_of populations in Somalia as well as protection incidents underlying such movements._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Risk 4: Child and forced family separation.\n\nThe analysis recommended but not limited to the following **: (i) Strengthen awareness raising and access to information on**\n**the (Federal or State) constitution and the bill of rights enhancing the understanding of rights and entitlements as citizens,**\n**(ii) Humanitarian partners to work closely with government institutions to give services to people in rural and hard to reach**\n**areas to reduce rural urban migration/displacement that exacerbates family separations, (iii) Strengthen durable solutions**\n**programming to overcome the cycle of vulnerabilities and enhanced resource mobilization and (iv) Integrate Child**\n**protection intervention into other clusters\u2019 response to ensure mainstreaming of child protection into the wider**\n**humanitarian response.**\n\n\n\n**Population** **No of verified sites** **Internally Displaced**\n\n**People**\n\n\n\n**Main trigger of**\n\n**displacement**\n\n\n\n**Level of**\n**humanitarian access**\n#### **Heavy** **restrictions**\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n#### **362,244 140 145,225 Conflict**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kismaayo district, found in Jubaland State of Somalia is home to 362,244 individuals both displaced and non-displaced. In 2023,\nthe district has received 30,635 new arrivals due to internal displacements from the surrounding districts such as Afmadow,\nJamaame, Jilib, Buu\u2019ale in addition to the intra-district displacement observed. Main driver of the internal displacement is\nconflict / insecurity accounting for 55 per cent of the displacements and humanitarian needs in Kismaayo district.\n\n\nThe protection environment in Kismaayo district is characterized by insecurity and volatility, limited basic services capacity\nand provision, weak or absent protection systems, low awareness of - and respect for - basic rights and rules governing armed\nconflict, discriminatory and harmful socio-cultural practices relating to gender and access impediments for humanitarian\nworkers. These characteristics have exacerbated the protection risks of the internally displaced and civilian populations in the\ndistrict.\n\n\nCivilians across the district have continued to be impacted by significant levels of protection and security incidents. According\nto the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED 2023), 147 fatalities have been reported because of battle or explosion /\nremote violence related incidents.\n\n\n**ATMIS drawdown:**\n\n\nOn 15 November 2023, the United Nations Security Council adopted in two resolutions the extension of its authorization of\nthe African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) until 30 June 2024. These resolutions delayed the drawdown as\nrequested by the government of Somalia and will allow review of the transition plan including Somalia\u2019s future security\nrequirements. The drawdown process will resume in January 2024 and the withdrawal of ATMIS troops from Kismaayo district\nwould have direct consequences on the humanitarian access and protection of both displaced and civilian population. The\nProtection Cluster will analyze the drawdown process in Kismaayo from the Protection of Civilians perspective and draw\nstrategic and operational recommendations to minimize its impact.\n\n\n**Summary of protection risks reported in Kismaayo (Source: PRMN partners | Period: Jan \u2013 July 2023)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|9 \u2013 12
March 2023|PRMN field monitors recorded 551
households, approximately 3,306
individuals, largely pastoralists and farmers,
forced to leave their homes. The ongoing
displacement is triggered by recent fighting
between Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs)
and government security forces.|Protection issues report during the incident:
\u2022 Ongoing escalation poses insecurity negatively
impacting the conditions of displaced persons.
\u2022 Lack of adequate housing and essential services
\u2022 Child protection issues
\u2022 Strain on social cohesion
\u2022 Heightened protection risks: The elderly, women,
and children are exposed to protection risks.
Women and girls face risks of gender-based
violence, such as rape and physical assaults.|\n|---|---|---|\n|21 \u2013 25 July
2023|Heightened Insecurity Displaced Over 7,230
Individuals in Lower Jubba Areas around
Kismayo Town. The ongoing displacement is
triggered by recent fighting between Non-
State Armed Groups (NSAGs) and
government security forces.|Protection issues report during the incident:
\u2022
Child protection issues
\u2022
Strain on social cohesion
\u2022
Heightened protection risks: The elderly, women,
and children are exposed to protection risks.
Women and girls face risks of gender-based
violence, such as rape and physical assaults.
\u2022
Increasing cases of land disputes
|\n\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data", - "confidence": 0.996005117893219, - "start": 181, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ACLED", - "confidence": 0.9512187838554382, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kismaayo district", - "confidence": 0.5634753108024597, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9965444207191467, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8999719619750977, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced and civilian populations", - "confidence": 0.8723217248916626, - "start": 151, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Analysis**\n\nDiscrimination and stigmatization are one of the most prevalent protection risks in Somalia. It is present on almost every aspect\nof the Somali society - from the 4.5 formula [3] for managing the political representation- to a wide-spread power imbalance in\nthe day-to-day life. The most vulnerable groups and individuals faced with this risk include **minority groups and IDP**\n**households headed by a female, a child, the elderly and persons with disabilities. The district of Kismaayo is not an exception**\n**to this situation.**\n\nThe district hosts a population of the **Somali Bantu, the Bajun, and the Shanshi minorities** . It also hosts approximately **145,225**\n**IDPs distributed in at least 140 verified IDP sites** . Minorities and vulnerable IDP households, often face the consequences of\nthe power imbalance and abuse of power limiting their access to their rights and entitlements. Moreover, these vulnerable\ngroups are often unaware of their rights and entitlements.\n\nThe bottom line of the exclusion of marginalized groups and minorities are the established cultural norms and practices that\neither directly or indirectly promote discrimination. Additionally, lack of awareness by the community members on the effects\nof discrimination and stigmatization on the subjected persons exacerbates the widespread of this protection risk.\n**The aforementioned vulnerable groups, also face discrimination when accessing humanitarian assistance they are entitled**\n**to, quality jobs and fertile lands due to their clan affiliation or physical condition.** Their vulnerability further heightens the\nrisk of being victims of extorsion and sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n**Protection partners in close collaboration with the Government of Jubaland State and the humanitarian community should**\n**define and carry out a set of soft component actions to reduce this risk in Kismaayo.** The cornerstone of this set of actions is\nstrengthening the awareness raising and networking with the range of stakeholders that can contribute to reduce the\nprevalence and impact of this risk. A well-coordinated action following the highlighted recommendations in the Protection\n\n\n3 _The 4.5 formula was first conceived in 1997 as a temporary arrangement for managing political representation following Somalia\u2019s civil war, assigning a_\n_full share of power to four clans and a half-share to a consortium of other clans. For more information, visit:_ _[The role of 4.5 in democratization and](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/role-45-democratization-and-governance-somalia-implications-and-considerations-way-forward-may-2023)_\n_[governance in Somalia. May 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/role-45-democratization-and-governance-somalia-implications-and-considerations-way-forward-may-2023)_\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Analysis Update will substantially reduce the risk and thus, strengthen an effective inclusion of these groups in the\nhumanitarian response.\n\n#### RISK 2 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups\n\n\n**Somalia ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC or UNCRC) in October 2015**, and this is a critical step for\nSomalia given it is among the countries that record the highest number of grave violations against children including use and\nrecruitment of children by armed forces and groups. The Monitoring & Reporting Mechanism (MRM) reports in Somalia, a\ntotal of 1,094 children (1,022 boys, 72 girls), as young as age 8, were verified as having been recruited and used by armed\nforces and groups as combat (101), in support roles (146) and for unknown purposes (847) between January to December\n2022 [4] .\n\nExisting vulnerabilities of children and families are exacerbated during situations of conflict and climate related shocks.\nChildren not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk to all forms of abuse,\nneglect, violence, and exploitation including recruitment and use by armed forces and groups. Lack of protection, especially\nfor Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC), children on the move, children from minority and marginalized groups\nincreases risk of recruitment into armed groups and some instances threats are used as part of forceful recruitment while both\nvoluntary and involuntary child recruitment into armed groups is also reported. **Children, mostly boys, are at an elevated risk**\n**of recruitment and it is expected the actual extent of this grave violations of children\u2019s rights is far higher than reported and**\n**verified.**\n\n\nThe factors reported to worsen the risk of use and recruitment of children by armed forces and groups in Kismaayo include:\n**(i) weak implementation of the policies and procedures i.e., the draft Somali Constitution or theUN Convention on the rights**\n**of the child (CRC), (ii) peer pressure among children, (iii) climate related shocks causing displacement in turn increasing**\n**vulnerabilities, (iv) poverty, (v) inter-clan conflicts and (vi) family separations.** Additionally, negative coping mechanism due\nto separation and absence of care was highlighted as a potential driver of the risk of forced recruitment and association of\nchildren in armed forces and groups.\n\n#### RISK 3 Gender-based violence\n\n\n**Gender-based violence affecting women and girls remains underreported but widespread, with IDPs, children, adolescent**\n**girls, female, and child headed households, minorities and women remaining particularly vulnerable.** Gender inequality,\nsocietal power imbalances, a weak functioning justice system, protracted conflict, and displacement, all contribute to an\ninadequate protection environment that leaves women and girls highly exposed to gender-based violence (GBV). Their\nvulnerability is increased due to illiteracy, poverty, family separation and unemployment, among other factors. Many cases of\nGBV are not reported and addressed due to a fear amongst women and girls of being ostracized from families or communities,\nfearing divorce, or forced marriage or barriers to getting married. Besides, other GBV survivors are not aware of services and\nformal structures for recourse due to unfamiliarity with options, while in some cases, there is a lack of appropriate GBV\nresponses in the locations.\n\nAs such, the weak/limited access to formal justice is often replaced by the customary justice system, otherwise known as ADR\n(Alternative Dispute Resolution) or the Xeer system in Somalia, a practice which has long functioned as an effective tool for\npromoting social cohesion and regulation of inter and intra-clan affairs. However, **the use of traditional justice has an adverse**\n**impact particularly for survivors of GBV, children, minority and marginalized groups, persons with disabilities and IDPs.**\n**Aspects of the Xeer custom may violate provisions of the draft Somali Provisional Constitution, particularly when it comes**\n**to the rights of GBV survivors, IDPs, minority and marginalized groups.** GBV survivors struggle to have their grievances justly\nresolved as they often face discriminatory practices, or not well informed about their rights, besides having access to very few\nfunctional institutions to meet their justice needs.\n**Many areas around settlements are reported as being unsafe for women and girls especially due to GBV incidents when**\n**fetching water and firewood especially those in rural or hard to reach areas. The perpetrators of these violations are mostly**\n**reported as armed groups, men, FGM practitioners, close family members, guardians, and teachers.**\n\n\n\n4 _[UN Secretary General report on children and armed conflict 2022](https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_annual_report_2023_en_0.pdf)_\n\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The exacerbating factors are also reported as limited response on access to justice, safe shelters, awareness creation especially\non social cultural norms and insufficient women empowerment responses hence the risk of negative coping mechanism and\nweak legal framework on GBV i.e., the FGM bill and sexual offense bill not passed.\n\n#### RISK 4 Child and forced family separation\n\n\nFamily separation is the break-down of a family unit or the splitting of households due to circumstances that are triggered by\nwar, displacement and/or poverty and it is a common occurrence during such situations that worsens existing vulnerabilities.\n\n\nChildren not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk to all forms of abuse,\nexploitation, violence, and neglect. Lack of protection, especially for UASC, increases risk of other violations including\nrecruitment into armed groups, sexual violence, neglect, exploitation, and other forms of abuse.\n\n\nFamily separation as a survival strategy leaves more women-headed and child-headed households in displacement sites,\nincreasing vulnerability to other threats. As such, this occurs due to conflict, displacement, family breakdown (divorce),\nfinancial reasons, forced evictions and forced recruitment.\nThe consequence of family separation on the affected persons are neglect, exploitation, GBV, child labour, abuse\n(physical/emotional) and trauma especially for children separated from parents or primary caregivers.\n\n#### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - The government (FGS and Jubaland state) to enhance rule of law, security, and protection of civilians from Al-Shabaab\nthreats and violence especially in hard-to-reach areas as family members fears for their lives, hence offering children\nfor enrollment.\n\n - Lack of documentation makes it difficult to differentiate between children and adults \u2013 the government to ensure the\nnational registrations of citizens including birth certificates for children.\n\n - Jubaland ministry of women, family affairs and human rights to establish and lead a state level task force to enhance\ncollaboration between civil and military actors and promotion of children\u2019s rights including preventing the\nrecruitment of children into the armed forces and groups.\n\n**To humanitarian agencies, donor and development actors:**\n\n - Strengthen durable solutions programming to overcome the cycle of vulnerabilities and enhanced resource\nmobilization for child protection responses.\n\n - Strengthen awareness creation on children\u2019s rights including prevention of child recruitment and respect for\nInternational Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL).\n\n - Capacity building of the parties to the conflict and government on International Humanitarian Law and International\nHuman Rights Law.\n\n - Humanitarian actors to support the government in policy development/implementation relevant to the protection of\nchildren and strategic planning to respond to shocks that contributes to increasing vulnerabilities.\n\n - Engage the community on their self-protection in fostering protection of children.\n\n - The government and humanitarian actors to ensure the safe reintegration of children associated with armed forces\nand armed groups (CAAFAG) into the community through Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR).\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### RISK 4 Child and forced family separation\n\n**To the Jubaland State Government:**\n\n\n - Establish/strengthen child protection committee and taskforce led by the ministry of women, family affairs and\nhuman rights to support and mitigate the incidents of family separation.\n\n - Strengthen the relevant government institutions and policies aimed at providing child protection responses and\npreventing forced family separation such as child rights acts.\n\n**To humanitarian agencies:**\n\n - Humanitarian partners to work closely with government institutions to give services to people in rural and hard to\nreach areas to reduce rural urban migration/displacement that exacerbates family separations.\n\n - Strengthening referral pathways to improve the provision of child protection services and improve access to quality\nchild protection services especially in hard-to-reach areas.\n\n - Integrate Child protection intervention into other clusters\u2019 response to ensure mainstreaming of child protection\ninto the wider humanitarian response.\n\n - Provide social protection safety nets through provision of economic empowerment for parents and caregivers.\n\n - To equip and educate parents on positive parenting skills and maintaining of the family cohesion.\n\n - Enhance monitoring and reporting of child rights violations to ensure evidence-based advocacy and inclusive child\nprotection programming.\n\n - Strengthen comprehensive case management response including family tracing and reunification response.\n\n\n_Participants of the joint analysis workshop in Kismaayo_\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Methodology**\n\n\n**This is a product of a joint analysis by the Protection Cluster, Areas of Responsibilities, Protection partners, state**\n**government (Jubaland), on the protection landscape in Kismaayo district. The methodology for this analysis also**\n**reviewed and analyzed existing secondary data, and primary data. The Protection Cluster carried out risk-based analysis**\n**through the Protection & Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) as well as following the standard methodologies of the**\n**Global Protection Cluster.**\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **National Protection Cluster** - **sommopcim@unhcr.org**\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection & Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.919896125793457, - "start": 79, - "end": 84 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "risk-based analysis", - "confidence": 0.5944519639015198, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kismaayo district", - "confidence": 0.7400495409965515, - "start": 42, - "end": 44 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf23cae2-1883-41f5-90ac-5ae985ec594e/Protection%20Cluster%20Somalia%20Protection%20Analysis%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_564/raw/doc_564_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_564/raw/doc_564_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index be27296e65a2a6ac5a8f30ff939409675eaf64da..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_564/raw/doc_564_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**01**\n\n**02**\n\n**02**\n\n02\n\n03\n\n03\n\n04\n\n**04**\n\n04\n\n07\n\n07\n\n**09**\n\n\n09\n\n09\n\n09\n\n10\n\n10\n\n10\n\n**11**\n\n\n## **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufeee\ufef3\ufe8e\u062a**\n\n~~**\ufed8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe94**~~ **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4**\n\n~~**\ufe9e \u0623\u0648\u0644 \ufee3\ufea0\ufee4\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \ufecb\ufee4\ufede \u0625\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufeb7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufecf\ufeae\u0628 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e**~~ **\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\ufe8b**\n\n~~**\ufeb4\ufe94 \u0627\ufefb\ufed3\ufe98\ufe98\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufe94**~~ **\u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufee0**\n\n~~\ufea3\ufec8\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufed3\ufe98\ufe98\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufe94~~ \ufee3\ufefc\n\n~~\u0636 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufee4\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufedb\ufeb0 \ufe9f\ufee8\ufef4\ufed2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\ufedf\ufef2 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\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufedc\ufeee\ufee3\ufef4\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufeec\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufea4\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufef4\ufee6 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufee0\ufec4\ufe8e\u062a**\n\n~~\ufee0\ufeba \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \u0625\ufe97\ufe8e\ufea3\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0627\ufebf\ufef2~~ \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\n\n~~\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629~~ \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\n\n~~\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe8e~~ \ufee3\ufeb4\n\n~~\ufeb4\ufef4\ufed6 \u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a~~ \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee8\n\n~~\ufe9e \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufeb4\ufe8e\u0621~~ \u062f\ufee3\n\n~~\ufe8e\ufebb\ufeae\u0629~~ \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\n\n~~**\ufee4\ufe94**~~ **\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe97**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufed8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe94**\n\n\ufe91\ufecc\ufeaa \u0623\ufedb\ufe9c\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \ufecb\ufed8\ufeaa \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \ufefb \ufef3\ufec8\ufeec\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebf\ufeca \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufeb7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufecf\ufeae\u0628 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e \ufecb\ufefc\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufeb4\ufee6. \ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \ufeeb\ufeee \ufee7\ufe98\ufef4\ufea0\ufe94\n\u0627\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe98\ufee4\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u0627\ufef7\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\ufe8b\ufef4\ufe94\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufef7\u0632\ufee3\ufe94 \u0627\ufefb\ufed7\ufe98\ufebc\ufe8e\u062f\ufef3\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufee8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef4\ufe94\u060c \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufed8\ufeb2 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufe8e\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufef2\u060c \u0648\ufe97\ufeaa\u0627\ufecb\ufef4\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufeb0\ufefb\u0632\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufeec\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufef2 \ufebf\ufeae\ufe91\ufe96\n\ufee3\ufefc\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 5 . \ufefb \ufef3\ufeb0\u0627\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufeae\u0627\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\u064a \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufe92\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeb4\ufef2 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee8\ufeb0\u0648\u062d \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef2. \ufeeb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0643 \ufea3\ufeee\u0627\ufedf\ufef22023 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\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea0\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a\n\n\n\ufea7\ufeae\ufef3\ufec4\ufe94 \ufea3\ufeae\u0627\u0631\ufef3\ufe94 \ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e \ufe97\ufec8\ufeec\ufeae \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufeae\u0627\u0639. \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufed6 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee0\ufeee\u0646 \u0627\ufef7\ufea3\ufee4\ufeae = \u0632\ufef3\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \ufea3\ufeee\u0627\u062f\u062b1 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufedc\ufede\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufeb0\u0627\ufecb\ufe8e\u062a. \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufebc\ufeaa\u0631: \u062f\u0627\ufe8b\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645\n\n\n1 UNHCR Strategy 2024 https://shorturl.at/ZY5Jl\n\n\n2 Mine Action Review 2023 https://shorturl.at/TlSSX\n\n\n3 North West Syria Protection Analysis Update Critical Protection Risks In the Aftermath of the Earthquake and the ongoing war . PROTECTION\nCLUSTER OCTOBER 2023\n\n**01**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u060c \u0625\ufefb \u0623\u0646 \ufecb\ufee4\ufee0\ufef4\ufe8e\u062a \u0625\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 \u0625\ufe97\ufe8e\ufea3\ufe942020 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecf\ufee2 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0625\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufea2 \ufedf\ufef8\ufe9b\ufeae \ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufeaa \ufedb\ufee4\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee0\ufeee\u062b \ufef7\ufedb\ufe9c\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \u0623\ufedf\ufed2 \ufed7\ufeae\ufef3\ufe94 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufecb\ufe8e\u0645\n\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u0627\ufebf\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94 \ufefb \ufe97\ufeb0\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\ufefb 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\ufef3\ufeee\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee/\ufea3\ufeb0\ufef3\ufeae\u0627\u0646\n\n\n**03**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\u0627\ufea7\ufe98\ufebc\ufe8e\ufebb\ufe8e\u062a \ufee3\ufea0\ufee4\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645**\n\n\ufed7\ufeaa\u0645 \u0631\ufe8b\ufef4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeb2 \ufe91\ufeae\ufee7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufe9e \ufee3\ufea0\ufee4\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94 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\u0648\ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufeaa\u0631\u0627\u062a\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufee0\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\u0632\ufee3\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufea3\ufef4\ufe9a \u0627\ufedf\ufeec\ufef4\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee8\ufec8\ufef4\ufee4\ufef2 \u0648\u0625\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeb8\ufed0\ufef4\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufef4\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufef4\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufeae \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\u0631\ufef3\ufe90.\n\n\n**05**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufed6 \u0627\ufef7\ufedb\ufe9c\ufeae \ufecb\ufeae\ufebf\ufe94 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\u0627\ufedf\ufee0\ufecc\ufe90. \u0648\ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \ufefb \ufef3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufe92\ufecc\ufeaa\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0621 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \ufecf\ufef4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629\u060c \ufef7\ufee7\ufeec\ufee6 \ufecf\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe92\ufe8e \ufee3\ufe8e \ufef3\ufedc\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe91\ufef4\ufe94 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae\u0629. \ufecb\ufee0\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufef0 \ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufea4\ufeee\u060c \ufef3\ufea0\ufe90 \u0623\u0646 \ufef3\ufedc\ufeee\u0646\n\ufedf\ufeaa\u0649 \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed4\ufef4\ufee6 \u0631\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed4\ufe94. \ufed3\ufecc\ufee0\ufef0 \ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe92\ufef4\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe9c\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \ufef3\ufee8\ufe92\ufed0\ufef2 \u0623\u0646\n\ufef3\ufedc\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeee\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb0\u0627\u0631\ufecb\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeee\u0646 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u062f\u0631\u0627\ufef3\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufe8e \ufef3\ufea0\ufe90 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef4\ufeec\ufee2 \ufed3\ufecc\ufee0\ufeea \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\ufe9f\ufeec\ufeee\u0627 \u0630\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \ufee3\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae\u0629 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufed8\ufede. \u0648\ufef3\ufee8\ufe92\ufed0\ufef2 \ufe97\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufef7\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644\n\ufe91\ufe84\ufee7\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeea \ufefb \ufef3\ufee8\ufe92\ufed0\ufef2 \ufedf\ufeec\ufee2 \ufedf\ufee4\ufeb2 \u0623\u064a \u0623\ufeb7\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufef4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufecf\ufef4\ufeae \ufee3\ufe84\ufedf\ufeee\ufed3\ufe94 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufeec\ufe8e\u062a \ufef3\ufee4\ufedc\ufee6 \u0623\u0646 \ufef3\ufecc\ufeb0\u0632\u0646 \u0631\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe97\ufe92\ufec4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629.\n\n**\ufe97\ufecc\ufee4\ufef4\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629**\n\n\ufef3\ufe98\ufec4\ufee0\ufe90 \ufe97\ufecc\ufee4\ufef4\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeaa\u0631\ufef3\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufedc\ufe8e\ufed3\ufef2 \u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufee3\ufe98\ufe9c\ufe8e\u0644 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufeae. \ufef3\ufea0\ufe90 \ufe97\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufee0\ufef4\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufede \ufee3\ufee6\n\ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \ufed7\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\u062a \ufee3\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed4\ufe94\u060c \ufeb3\ufeee\u0627\u0621 \ufedb\ufe8e\u0646 \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0648\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\u0627\ufebb\ufede \u0627\ufefb\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufef2 \u0623\u0648 \ufebb\ufed4\ufeee\u0641 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeaa\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeb4\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufe8e\u0628 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufe8e\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\ufe9f\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufee0\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe94. \u0648\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufee0\ufec2 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufebf\ufeae\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufeee\u0621 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0623\ufeeb\ufee4\ufef4\ufe94 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \ufed3\ufeae\u0642 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufec4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufea0\ufee8\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufef4\ufee6. \u0623\ufea7\ufef4\ufeae\u0627\u060c \ufef3\ufeee\ufebb\ufef0\n\ufe91\ufeb8\ufeaa\u0629 \ufe91\ufe88\ufe9f\ufeae\u0627\u0621 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeb4\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \u0623\ufed3\ufeae\u0627\u062f \ufee3\ufee6 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef4\ufe8e\u062a \ufe9b\ufed8\ufe8e\ufed3\ufef4\ufe94 \u0648\ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef4\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee4\ufe8e\ufe9b\ufee0\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\ufea0\ufee4\ufeec\ufeee\u0631\n\ufedf\ufe92\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 \u0627\ufedf\ufe9c\ufed8\ufe94.\n\n\n**\u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \ufee3\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufed6 \ufe9f\ufeaa\ufef3\ufeaa\u0629**\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae\u0629 \ufeeb\ufeee \ufecb\ufee8\ufebc\ufeae \ufea3\ufef4\ufeee\u064a \ufed3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufef2 \ufe97\ufeaa\ufea7\ufede \ufee3\ufea0\ufee4\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94\n\ufee3\ufee6 \u066a75 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645. \u0648\u0648\ufed3\ufed8\ufe8e \ufedf\ufee0\ufe92\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufed8\ufe94 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \u062f\u0627\ufe8b\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\ufe8e\u0645\u060c \ufed3\ufe88\u0646 \ufea3\ufeee\u0627\ufedf\ufef2\n\ufee3\ufee8\ufeec\ufee2 \u0623\ufee7\ufeec\ufee2 \ufedf\ufee2 \u066a97 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \ufee3\ufeee\ufed7\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\u062f\u062b \ufecb\ufeaa\u0629 \ufee3\ufeae\u0627\u062a \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \u0648\ufed7\ufeee\ufecb\ufeea\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\ufecb\ufef02020 \u06482013 \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe8e \ufed3\ufef2 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \ufecb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef2\n\ufef3\ufe98\ufee0\ufed8\ufeee\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 .\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufea8\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufef7\ufedb\ufe9c\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae \ufebf\ufecc\ufed4\ufe8e \u0648\u0627\ufef7\ufedb\ufe9c\ufeae \ufecb\ufeae\ufebf\ufe94 \ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufeae\u0636 \ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u062a \ufee3\ufeee\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f\u0648\u0646 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufee3\ufee8\ufe8e\ufec3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufed6 \ufef3\ufebc\ufecc\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufeee\u0644 \u0625\ufedf\ufef4\ufeec\ufe8e.\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee4\ufede \ufedf\ufeac\ufedf\ufeda \ufeeb\ufeee \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufee0\ufec4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufee0\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef4\ufe94 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufebb\ufef4\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb8\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0631\ufedb\ufe94 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufe97\ufebc\ufee4\ufef4\ufee2 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeb4\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94\n\ufe91\ufee4\ufea8\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0648\ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb8\ufeee\u0631\u0629 \ufe91\ufeb8\ufe84\u0646 \ufed7\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\u0632\ufef3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufe98\ufee4\ufee0\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufef2 \ufe97\ufeb4\ufee0\ufec2 \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufeee\u0621 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \ufed3\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\ufecb\ufef4\ufe94\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufed8\ufeac\u0629 \ufedf\ufee0\ufea4\ufef4\ufe8e\u0629.\n\n##### **\ufee3\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufef4\ufe94**\n\n\u0648\ufef3\ufeee\u0627\ufe9f\ufeea \u0627\ufedf\ufec0\ufea4\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe8e \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe8e\u062a \u0648\u0627\ufeb3\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufecc\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufec4\ufe8e\u0642 \u0648\ufeeb\ufee2 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufea3\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufe94 \ufee3\ufe98\ufeb0\u0627\ufef3\ufeaa\u0629 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \ufe9f\ufee4\ufef4\ufeca \u0623\ufee7\ufeee\u0627\u0639 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0629. \u0648\ufef3\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2 \ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec4\ufe8e\u0639\n\u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \ufea3\ufeaa \ufedb\ufe92\ufef4\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufefb\ufed3\ufe98\ufed8\ufe8e\u0631 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee8\ufec8\ufef4\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufee0\ufef4\ufee2\u060c \u0648\ufe97\ufec0\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0624\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufeee\ufef3\ufede \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufec4\ufe92\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufef2 \ufefb \ufe97\ufee0\ufe92\ufef2 \ufea7\ufec4\ufeee\u0631\u0629 \u0648\ufe97\ufecc\ufed8\ufef4\ufeaa\n\u0627\ufef9\ufebb\ufe8e\ufe91\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e\ufe97\ufea0\ufe94 \ufecb\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629.\n\n\n6 UNMAS Victim Data Analysis May 2020\n\n**07**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0627\ufedf\ufeae\ufecb\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufea4\ufef4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe92\ufe94**\n\n\ufea7\ufeae\ufef3\ufec4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e \ufe97\ufec8\ufeec\ufeae \ufee3\ufeee\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufeae \ufecb\ufee6 \ufebf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufe9c\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2/\ufee7\ufeee\ufed3\ufee4\ufe92\ufeae3 \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede\n\u060c \u062f\u0627\ufe8b\ufeae\u0629 \u0627\ufef7\ufee3\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe98\ufe9c\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufefb\ufed7\ufe98\ufebc\ufe8e\u062f\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea4\ufee0\ufef2 \ufed3\ufec0\ufefc \ufecb\ufee6 \u0625\ufef3\ufea0\ufe8e\u062f \ufed3\ufeae\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe97\ufee4\ufe94**\n\n\u060c\ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebf\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef2\u060c \ufefb \ufef3\ufee4\ufedc\ufee6 \ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufee0\ufef4\ufe8e\u062a \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufea8\ufee0\ufeba \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\ufedf\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeac\ufea7\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae\u0629 \u0648\u0625\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629 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\u0648\ufed7\ufef4\ufe8e\u0633 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufe84\ufe9b\ufef4\ufeae.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **\ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufeae \u0648\u0631\ufeb7\ufe94 \ufecb\ufee4\ufede \ufee3\ufea0\ufee4\ufeee\ufecb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufede** **\u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef4\u0640\u0640\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufecb\ufee4\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufecc\ufee0\ufed8\u0640\u0640\u0640\ufe94** **\ufe91\ufe8e\ufef7\ufedf\ufed0\u0640\ufe8e\u0645 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufeb7\ufee4\u0640\u0640\ufe8e\u0644 \ufecf\ufeae\u0628 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\u0640\ufe8e**\n\n**2024 \u0623\ufecf\ufeb4\ufec4\ufeb2**\n\nARIANE ELMAS /\ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufeae \ufe91\ufed8\ufee0\ufee2 \u0623\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e\u0646 \u0623\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e\u0633\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afa20acc-f33e-45bd-a863-03c09d9f00a7/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_565/raw/doc_565_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_565/raw/doc_565_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3bdbda80038076267c069fb11b701ec6796646cc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_565/raw/doc_565_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,362 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Content**\n\n**Introduction**\n\n**Results of the first North West Syria Humanitarian mine action working group**\n\n**Openin** ~~**g session**~~\n\nIntroductory remarks\n\nGICHD presentation on International Mine Action Standards\n\nWhole of Syria Presentation\n\nHMA WG Terms of reference\n\n**Working group**\n\nLand Release\n\nEORE\n\nVictim\u2019s Assistance\n\n**Recommendations for the HMA sector including INGOs, NGOs,**\n**Donors, Humanitarian practitioners and authorities:**\n\nEO Disposal and Land Release:\n\nEORE\n\nVictims assistance\n\nCoordination & IM\n\nInclusion\n\nAdvocacy\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\n\n**01**\n\n**02**\n\n**02**\n\n02\n\n03\n\n03\n\n04\n\n**04**\n\n04\n\n07\n\n07\n\n**09**\n\n\n09\n\n09\n\n09\n\n10\n\n10\n\n10\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Introduction**\n\nFollowing more than a decade of fighting, the humanitarian situation in northwest Syria is\nnot showing signs of improvement. This is the result of continued hostilities, a growing\neconomic crisis, extreme weather, and the fallout from massive earthquakes that struck\nthe region in February 2023. The Syrian conflict is still the main cause of internal\ndisplacement. There are about 5 million people residing in northwest Syria, of whom 3.6\nmillion are internally displaced and 1.9 million are housed in camps and self-established\nareas. [1] At least 4.1 million people in northwest Syria have relied on humanitarian aid since\nthe beginning of 2023 to meet their basic necessities. Women and children make up\naround 80% of the population, and they are especially susceptible to a variety of hazards,\nincluding the risk of explosive ordnance.\n\nThe use of explosive ordnance, airstrikes, heavy weapon fire, and IEDs has been a common\nfeature of the combat in NWS and have regularly been used indiscriminately and\ndisproportionately. For the second year in a row, Syria was designated as the country with\nthe highest number of mine casualties in 2023. [2] Based on the heat maps, northwest Syria\nhas the highest concentration. In fact, the extent of explosive hazard contamination is\nincreasing due to ongoing active warfare, which negatively affects citizens and their\ncommunities, 42 of which have reported cases of contamination [3] . These communities are\nhome to 730,000 individuals, all of whom are vulnerable to explosive ordnance incidents.\n\n\nHeat Map of Syria Showing conflict intensity. Areas in red = Increased\naccidents of conflicts. Source: UNMAS\n\n\n1 UNHCR Strategy 2024 https://shorturl.at/ZY5Jl\n\n\n2 Mine Action Review 2023 https://shorturl.at/TlSSX\n\n\n3 North West Syria Protection Analysis Update Critical Protection Risks In the Aftermath of the Earthquake and the ongoing war . PROTECTION\nCLUSTER OCTOBER 2023\n###### **01**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Even though an impact survey to determine the amount of contamination of more than a\nthousand villages was executed in 2020, thorough land release operations are still limited\nand are only being carried out on a small scale due to ongoing conflict and financial\nlimitations. . The negative effects go beyond issues of personal safety and the right to life.\nDue to the dangers posed by explosive ordnance, 45% of households in NWS report having\nmovement restrictions in or near their current places, which affects their freedom of\nmovement. Moreover, people no longer have access to essential services due to the\ndamage or contamination of vital infrastructure, such as hospitals. [4]\n\n\nContamination also makes it more difficult to distribute humanitarian aid and services in a\nsafe manner. As such, explosive hazard contamination has impacted people's ability to\nengage in livelihood activities and decreased their potential for economic recovery, with\nthe majority of cases being documented on agricultural land.\n\n\nThe northwest Syria region does not have a mine action center. However, so far, the\nexistent authority has somewhat facilitated operations and there are no major restrictions\non the activities.\n\n\nThe Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) sector was an area of responsibility under the\nProtection Cluster. However, due to several factors, a decision was taken in 2024 to create\na new HMA working group co-chaired by the White Helmets and Humanity and Inclusion\n(HI). Currently the White Helmets and Halo Trust provide land release and spot task\noperations in the Idlib areas. HI and many other local NGOs engage in victim assistance and\nExplosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE).\n##### **Results of the first northwest Syria Humanitarian** **Mine Action Working Group**\n\nThe following report details the proceedings of the first HMA Working Group meeting,\nwhich took place in July 2024 in Gaziantep. The workshop was attended by representatives\nfrom key HMA actors working in northwest Syria.\n\n\n##### **Opening session**\n\n\n\n**Introductory remarks**\n\n\n\nIn his opening speech the White Helmets Chief of programs expressed satisfaction for the\nrelaunching of the coordination process after almost a year of inactivity. He mentioned that\nmine action is an integral part of humanitarian support and the coordination needed to be\nreactivated to ensure better results including making sure that the HMA response is\ninclusive and local, exerting all efforts to collect better and more accurate data and sharing\nit among partners, embracing collaboration and its positive impacts on the field and\nintensifying advocacy for this cause. The working group is an opportunity to organize the\nsector and develop the relevant guidelines accordingly.\n\n\nMr. Sami Mohammad (Mine Action Coordinator) explained that any organization carrying\nout HMA activities can be a member of the working group. Currently there are 45\norganizations. He suggested creating a consortium for HMA in northwest Syria.\n\n\nMr. Vincent Dalonneau (Hub Manager northwest Syria).from HI outlined that one of the\nmain goals of this working group is to mobilize and involve all relevant organizations in HMA\nand support early recovery. A list should be developed to target more organizations.\n\n\n4 Ibid\n###### **02**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "partners, embracing collaboration and its positive impacts on the field and intensifying\nadvocacy for this cause. The working group is an opportunity to organize the sector and\ndevelop the relevant guidelines accordingly.\n\n\nMr. Sami Mohammad (Mine Action Coordinator) explained that any organization carrying\nout HMA activities can be a member of the working group. Currently there are 45\norganizations. He suggested creating a consortium for HMA in northwest Syria.\n\n\nMr. Vincent Dalonneau (Hub Manager northwest Syria).from HI outlined that one of the\nmain goals of this working group is to mobilize and involve all relevant organizations in HMA\nand support early recovery. A list should be developed to target more organizations.\n##### **GICHD presentation on International Mine** **Action Standards**\n\nA representative from the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining\n(GICHD), Mr. Zaiee Abdul Qudos gave an extensive presentation about International Mine\nAction Standards (IMAS). He mentioned that IMAS addresses HMA safety, efficiency,\neffectiveness and quality management. It supports programs in measuring performance\nand gives guidelines for accreditation and contractual agreements. It identifies the\nrequirements for capacity development and discusses responsibility and liability.\n\n\nThe purpose of IMAS is to recommend a standardized approach to HMA, improve safety,\ncommunicate best practices and provide a basis for Standard Operating Procedures.\n\n\nThe guiding principles of IMAS are national ownership, international humanitarian\nprinciples, national capacity development, consistency with other international laws like\nthose of the International Labour Organization (ILO), compliance with international\nconventions.\n\n\nFinally, GICHD discussed IMAS governance and review boards and the process of issuing\nnew standards or reviewing existing ones.\n\n##### **Whole of Syria Presentation**\n\nThe HMA Whole of Syria Coordinator, Ms. Aida Burnett-Cargill, gave an overall\npresentation about mine action in Syria, including in areas governed by the regime,\nnortheast Syria and northwest Syria. She mentioned contamination inhibits freedom of\nmovement, livelihood and the safe and dignified return of Internally Displaced People\n(IDPs).\n\n\nIn addition, she explained the different misconceptions HMA faces, which often leads to it\nbeing considered distinct from the broad humanitarian response and thus excluded from\nthe discussion. HMA should be in every discussion as it has a direct and/or indirect impact\non all humanitarian sectors including food, shelter, security and wash and therefore\nparticularly relevant for all humanitarian interventions. Fundraising is another major\nchallenge since HMA received only 12% of its asks for the whole of Syria as of June 2024.\n\n###### **03**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **HMA WG Terms of Reference**\n\nThe head of the White Helmets HMA program and the coordinator of the HMA Working\nGroup, Mr. Sami Mohamad presented the purpose, scope, structure membership and the\nfollowing actions of the Working Group:\n\n\n1. Facilitating reliable collaboration and coordination among stakeholders involved in\nhumanitarian mine action to deliver timely and impactful interventions and integrate\nmine action in humanitarian response of other sectors.\n\n2. Promoting evidence-based research, data collection, and analysis on issues related to\nmine action, to inform mine action coordination and advocacy between MA actors, to\ninform the Protection Cluster's response and advocacy efforts (and coordination with\nother clusters), and to feed into Whole of Syria MA AoR to better identify needs and\nprovide technical support as needed.\n\n3. Providing support for capacity-building initiatives to strengthen the skills and\ncapabilities of individuals and organizations engaged in humanitarian mine action,\nclusters etc.\n\n4. Advocating for mine action with other stakeholders in other coordination fora, with\ndonors and institutions.\n\n5. Establishing frameworks for monitoring and evaluating the impact of humanitarian\nmine action interventions to ensure continuous improvement and accountability.\n##### **Working Group**\n\nIn the second part of the workshop, attendees were requested to break out in working\ngroups focusing on three of the five main pillars of mine action namely, EO disposal and\nland release, EORE, and Victims assistance. Groups were required to discuss the needs,\nchallenges, lessons learned and recommendations for the future. The following is a\nsummary of the working groups.\n##### **Land Release**\n\n**Sustainability of ongoing operations**\n\nNorthwest Syria is still in a state of active war resulting in the difficulty in designating large\nswaths of land for the proper land release process.\n\n\nAccording to attendants of the workshop, the current restrictions on importation of\nequipment has a drastic negative impact on the only ongoing HMA operations in northwest\nSyria. HMA equipment and tools, including detectors and PPE, need to be properly\nmaintained to ensure that all reasonable effort has been exerted to ensure compliance\nwith safety, effectiveness and efficiency standards. For this purpose, NGOs need to sustain\nthe flow of equipment, repair tools and spare parts.\n\n\nThese restrictions can result in halting operations until matters are resolved. In HMA, if\noperations are interrupted for a while, the team must undergo refresher training, to ensure\ncompliance with standards and safety measures. These training courses deplete time and\nfinancial resources that could have been used for more beneficial activities in the field and\ntherefore impacts efficiency and cost effectiveness.\n\n###### **04**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Implementing agencies are not aware of the reasons for these restrictions, but they\nacknowledge that they have a severe impact on operations. Accordingly, partners and\ndonors need to engage in intensive advocacy through different channels for improved\nimport access and find a solution that will fulfil all relevant parties\u2019 objectives.\n\n\nIf this hurdle is overcome, it could be possible to increase the EO disposal and clearance\npersonnel in HMA organizations. Accordingly, Halo Trust mentioned they could increase\noperations by 50 percent, from 2 to 3 teams, and the number of staffs on spot task rapid\nresponse.\n\n\nIn a country with the highest number of victims, these operations are lifesaving, especially\nin areas with the highest combat intensity, as indicated by heat maps.\n\n\nIn addition, to sustain HMA operations, a consistent stream of funds must be maintained.\nThis sector received only an exceedingly small portion of its asks for this year. Participants\nasserted that maintaining funding for operations in the short and medium term is crucial\nfor saving lives.\n\n\nInadequate financing and restricted access lead to operational setbacks and/or ineffective\noversight of clearance sites. This raises the possibility of locals entering dangerous areas\nincluding for firewood, water, animal grazing, shelter needs, putting their lives at risk.\n\n\nBecause staff are spending less time in the field, operational delays also affect the technical\nproficiency and mental sharpness of the medical and clearing personnel that could lead to\na decline in expertise, or unfamiliarity with new tactics, techniques, or procedures (TTPs),\nwhich would increase the risk of accidents.\n\n\nAdditionally, this prevents the growth of local capacities, which is essential for boosting a\npopulation's resilience by building the quality, scope, and sustainability of the local\ncommunity.\n\n\nIn the long run, depending on the conflict progress and the possibility of designation of\nadditional safe areas in northwest Syria, the international community and donors should\nstart seriously investing in land release operations and building the necessary local\ncapacities in terms of organizational structure standard operating procedure, standards\nand training.\n\n###### **05**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Access to areas with the highest risk**\n\nThere is an urgent need to access the areas with the highest concentration of EO, which\nare constantly exposed to continued attacks. These areas will greatly benefit from spot\ntasks and thereby make living conditions considerably better and safer for residents.\nChallenges\u2019 facing this urgent need revolve around the approval needed to access these\nareas by the local authorities\n\n\n**Updated Impact Survey**\n\nAn impact survey was executed about 4 years ago. Since then, combat has not stopped.\nWhile many organizations continuously conduct surveyance activities a new impact\nsurvey will be very important in the absence of land release operations. The impact survey\nwill define which communities are still and /or recently affected by contamination and\nidentify the potential impact on lives and livelihoods enabling more accurate and relevant\nfuture planning for land release, EO disposal operations and EORE activities.\n\n\nThe situation in northwest Syria is still a full active war where it is quite difficult, or even\nimpossible, to designate areas, that will not be bombarded again, therefore it is worth\ninitiating large scale land release process.\n\n**Environment**\n\nIt is important to understand the extent of the impact of earthquakes and floods on\ncontamination. The 2023 earthquakes have resulted in many displacements that increased\nthe need for lands and consequently the risk of exposure.\n\n\n5 North-West Syria Protection Analysis Update CRITICAL PROTECTION RISKS IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND THE ONGOING WAR\nOctober 2023 Protection cluster\n\n###### **06**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Impact Survey", - "confidence": 0.8912490606307983, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Impact Survey", - "confidence": 0.7141191959381104, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9084502458572388, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "4 years ago", - "confidence": 0.6963145136833191, - "start": 87, - "end": 90 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.9038078188896179, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **EORE**\n\n\n\n**Training standardization and harmonization**\n\n\n\nIf proper qualifications are acquired, many organizations can engage in EORE. Accordingly,\nthere should be an agreement within the Working Group on the necessary qualifications\nfor EORE practitioners and the harmonized standards pertinent to the northwest Syria\npeculiarities and conflict, based on international standards. Compliance with these\nstandards will ensure quality and bolster the impact of the activities, which is not only\nlimited to awareness raising but also behavioral change. In addition, organizations need to\nunite messaging.\n\n\nEvery citizen has a different exposure risk to EO based on occupation, gender or age. Most\nvictims are men working in the field. Children unfortunately form a high percentage of\nvictims while playing. This does not exclude women as EORE targets, since they are often\nthe educator in the family. As such, different people should have different EORE messages.\nFor example, farmers should be aware of what to do if they encounter EO in the field.\nChildren should be made aware that they should not touch any unfamiliar objects and\nmothers could reinforce the messages of risk associated with EO.\n\n**Mainstreaming EORE**\n\nMainstreaming EORE necessitates adequate training and compliance with standards.\nMessages should be delivered through different channels, whether it is on social media,\nschools' classes, door to door session or town hall meetings. Attendants highlighted the\nimportance of having mixed gender teams. Finally, it is highly recommended that EORE\nsessions be conducted by individuals from similar cultural and background as the audience\nto establish trust.\n\n\n\n**Accessing new regions**\n\nEORE is a vital component of the HMA intervention. According to UNMAS-coordinated\ndata, around 75% of the victims in Syria between 2013 and 2020 visited the location of the\naccident multiple times before it occurred, and 97% of them claimed not to have received\nEORE. [6]\n\n\nThe most vulnerable people with the highest risk of being exposed to explosives are in\nareas that are difficult to access. A potential solution for that is to engage with the current\nlocal authority and recommend they participate in the design of the EORE sessions and\nadvise on possible distribution channel highlighting the lifesaving benefit of awareness.\n##### **Victim\u2019s Assistance**\n\nVictims face extensive challenges and are in increasing need of all types of assistance. This\nsector suffers considerably from lack of proper organization, dwindling funding and\nmedical services that do not meet the gravity and complexity of EO injuries.\n\n\n6 UNMAS Victim Data Analysis May 2020\n###### **07**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNMAS-coordinated\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9807693958282471, - "start": 313, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNMAS", - "confidence": 0.6233349442481995, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9595908522605896, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "victims", - "confidence": 0.7239977121353149, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNMAS Victim Data", - "confidence": 0.7170504331588745, - "start": 470, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Appropriate Health Care**\n\nMap of Syria showing locations of reports of EO Casualties\nbetween November 2013 February 2020, UNMAS\n\n\nQualified medical services for EO victims can prevent fatalities in addition to reducing the\nnumber of short-term and long-term disabilities and helping individuals impacted cope\nwith the effects of the injury on their life and livelihood, One of the most important issues to\naddress in victim\u2019s assistance is the provision of appropriate health care. Many in the\nworking group expressed the lack of skilled and qualified personnel in northwest Syria a\ncritical concern, particularly for emergency and ongoing medical care, rehabilitation,\npsychological support, and social assistance. This is mostly because there are few formal\ntraining opportunities and because of a \u201cbrain drain\u201d of already qualified medical\nprofessionals leaving the country. For survivors, one of the biggest concerns continues to\nbe the length of the waiting lists for prosthetics.\n\n**Lack of organized referral system**\n\nPrimarily, the victim\u2019s assistance sector needs to be structured and organized and\nunderstood among humanitarian partners. Many cases are lost in limbo between being\nconsidered an HMA issue or a health issue. Partners and humanitarian organizations should\nbe able to categorize each case under protection HMA or health depending on the case.\nThere is a need to develop a proper referral system that will record all the support a\nparticular victim has received and the needs that still need to be met. A significant barrier to\nthe adoption of referral mechanisms is the absence of well-thought-out policies and\nprocesses. This is on top of the lack of professional training on victim requirements and the\naccessibility of services to victims.\n\n**Victim Assistance Advocacy**\n\nAll the above necessitate strong advocacy to raise the voice of the most vulnerable in\nnorthwest Syria: people with disabilities. This should result in more funding, better training,\nand the ability to find a viable solution for the emergency care of the gravely injured. It is\nhighly recommended that all organizations working in the sector be familiar with the IMAS\nfor victims for coordination and harmonization purposes.\n###### **08**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Map of Syria", - "confidence": 0.8414121866226196, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8652631044387817, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.666747510433197, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "EO victims", - "confidence": 0.7009784579277039, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referral system", - "confidence": 0.9480246901512146, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.5464291572570801, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Recommendations for the HMA sector including** **INGOs, NGOs, Donors, Humanitarian practitioners** **and authorities:**\n\n\n\n**EO Disposal and Land Release:**\n\n\n\n1. Strongly advocate for easing import restrictions and increasing access to essential\nmaterials, tools and experts to the northwest to ensure sustainability, safety and\nefficiency.\n\n2. Advocate for the crucial importance of the continuous sustainability of current\nlifesaving activities of EO disposal and land release.\n\n3. Advocate to gain access to areas with the highest risk of EO exposure.\n\n4. Ensure the funds and coordination necessary to facilitate updating the Land Impact\nsurvey.\n\n5. Engage with local authorities thereby contributing to nationalizing HMA and sharing the\nburden of responsibility.\n\n6. Gradually build the capacities of relevant organizations teams for land release\noperation.\n\n**EORE:**\n\n1. Advocate for EORE support as a lifesaving tool that is not limited to awareness but also\nbehavioral change.\n\n2. Guarantee the effectiveness of EORE interventions by increasing knowledge of the\nlife-saving potential of EORE Through providing relevant training in conformity with\ninternational standards\n\n3. Focus on new areas with the highest number of victims and where populations have\nnot benefited from any awareness.\n\n4. Include EORE in school curricula and benefit from the multiplier effect that this initiative\nhas, enabling programs to divert their budget on other forms of EORE, such as door to\ndoor engagement.\n\n5. Ensure quality control of the EORE material + open library about all materials\n\n**Victims' assistance;**\n\n1. Fortify the emergency care systems as the initial point of contact of victims through the\nprovision of specialized equipment, procedures, structure and appropriate training on\ncomplex trauma cases possibly encountered as a result of an EO accident. Provide\ncontinuous health care to guarantee that victims receive quality treatment in a timely\nand unbiased manner.\n\n2. Develop a referral system with the adequate process and Information Management\n(IM) system capable of following up on the victims\u2019 injuries, services and treatment\nalready provided and their remaining needs.\n\n3. Reach out to the Health Cluster to increase collaboration on victim\u2019s assistance, revise\nservice mapping and referrals system, share advocacy messages for victim\u2019s\nassistance and how it can be integrated in health cluster advocacy.\n\n4. Advocate for more cash assistance and income generating opportunities for victims,\ngiven that persons with disabilities have limited livelihood opportunities and have\nhigher needs than others while receiving less humanitarian assistance.\n###### **09**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Coordination & IM**\n\n1. The HMA WG should be used as a platform for coordination between partners who are\nengaging in HMA activities in northwest Syria. In the absence of a Mine Action Center\nand since UNMAS is not currently present, the HMA Working Group should step in as a\ncoordinator, facilitator and provide guidance for standards and practices. Eventually\nthe working group could gradually involve the local authority and support them in\nestablishing a Mine Action Center.\n\n2. The Working Group should maintain a platform sharing information among the HMA\npractitioners, strengthening and harmonization and enhancing partnership with other\nClusters and providing input for advocacy to raise awareness on HMA issues in all\nhumanitarian discussions related to northwest Syria.\n\n3. The information management platform should provide a comprehensive picture of EO\ncontamination as well as detailed information about accidents, EO reports and other\nrelevant information. The IM platform should also provide information on the progress\nof initiatives by processing data, sharing information and geographic information\nsystems (GIS) products with all stakeholders to facilitate their safe and effective\ndelivery of HMA activities.\n\n**Inclusion**\n\n1. Ensure inclusion of women in all teams. Attendants highlighted the importance of\nhaving females in EORE teams and caring for victims. As such, training should be\nprovided to have qualified female staff in northwest Syria.\n\n2. The inclusion of mine victims in society and in the job market is also extremely\nimportant through the provision of specialized training for livelihood and advocating for\ntheir rights in northwest Syria.\n\n**Advocacy**\n\nAdvocacy on the importance of HMA and its impact on other humanitarian sectors is\ncrucial. HMA does not only release land, but also contributes to peace building, safe WASH\nand shelter and the dignified return of IDPs. Mine action thus contributes to early recovery,\ninvestment in the local economy as well as job creation.\n\n###### **10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EO reports", - "confidence": 0.9736409187316895, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GIS", - "confidence": 0.803625762462616, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.5225247144699097, - "start": 245, - "end": 247 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Conclusion**\n\nIn the current situation, EO disposal and land release operations are not able to expand\nsubstantially, despite the dire need. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain, and if possible, to\nexpand the present operations, including ongoing land release and spot tasks. To support\nand sustain these operations, all partners and supporters must advocate for improved\ncross border movement of equipment and trainers.\n\n\nEventually, upon the cessation of conflicts, new teams should be trained for the land\nrelease process. It is particularly important to advocate for HMA and its considerable\nimpact on economic development, peace and stability, protection, health and most\nhumanitarian cluster.\n\n\nIt is crucial that all humanitarian practitioners and NGOs working in sectors at crossroads\nwith HMA understand the risk, responsibility and liability associated with HMA. This sector\nrequires a specific level of expertise across its various activities to ensure that all\nreasonable effort has been maintained, effectiveness, efficiency, safety and risk\nmitigation. As such, for sustainability of HMA operations, adherence to its basic principles is\nessential, namely adaptation to Internationals Mine Action Standards (land release process\nand all reasonable effort principle), consistency with other international laws, and\ncompliance with international conventions.\n\n\nIn the absence of fully fledged land release operations, EORE will go a long way in\npreventing accidents and incidents. Action Point 28 of the Oslo Action Plan recommends to\n\u201cIntegrate mine risk education activities with wider humanitarian, development, protection\nand education efforts, as well as with ongoing survey, clearance and victim assistance\nactivities to reduce the risk to the affected population and decrease their need for\nrisk-taking.\u201d\n\n\nEORE practitioners should have adequate qualifications and follow standard operating\nprocedures that the Working Group can develop going forward.\n\n\nRegarding victim\u2019s assistance, improving emergency and sustained healthcare for\ncomplex injuries of victims of EO will significantly enhance their lives. Additionally,\nhumanitarian practitioners should invest in a central referral system and develop a\ncorresponding IM system to provide quality service for victims.\n\n\nThrough advocacy, partners and humanitarian organizations should focus on better\nintegrating HMA into the broader humanitarian discussion in northwest Syria. This will\nenable a more comprehensive approach that benefits not only the HMA sector, but all the\nsectors it impacts.\n\n\nIn all of these tasks the role of the HMA working group is central to support the entire the\nsector in moving forward in a coordinated manner, advocating for improved import\nconditions for tools and better access to high risk-areas, harmonizing standards\nthroughout the sector, and providing a solid data system to support data analysis, decision\nmaking, and measuring impact.\n\n###### **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data system", - "confidence": 0.9736586809158325, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Acronyms**\n\n\n###### EO Explosive Ordnance\n\n\n###### EORE Explosive Ordnance Risk Education\n\n\n###### HMA Humanitarian Mine Action\n\n\n###### IMAS International Mine Action Standards\n\n\n###### NGO Non-Governmental Organization\n\n\n###### UXO Unexploded Ordnance\n\n\n###### VA Victim Assistance\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **NORTHWEST SYRIA** **HUMANITARIAN MINE** **ACTION WORKING GROUP** **WORKSHOP REPORT**\n##### **AUGUST 2024**\n\nREPORT WRITTEN BY ARIANE ELMAS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a90c41b7-0abc-4076-bf5b-487d0f82ab26/Protection%20Cluster%20Syria%20Mine%20Action%20Working%20Group%20Workshop%20Report%20August%202024%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_566/raw/doc_566_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_566/raw/doc_566_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d882557bb8f1027ea257b42b6c694788904f88be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_566/raw/doc_566_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT:** **Jere, Borno State, North-East Nigeria**\n\nMAY - JUNE 2023 / QUARTER 2\n\n\nThe **Protection Monitoring Snapshot** provides an **area-based analysis** of **household-level data** collected\nby protection partners under the North-East Nigeria Protection Monitoring System (NEN-PMS). The\nanalysis provides an overview of the main threats affecting the population in the location, the differential\neffects of the threats on population groups, and their capacities, or lack thereof, to withstand the threats.\nDetails on the NEN-PMS methodology can be found [here](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGZiMThhMTUtMTBlYy00NzAwLWJlMTgtNjgxNjg5MGU4NmE5IiwidCI6ImY2ZjcwZjFiLTJhMmQtNGYzMC04NTJhLTY0YjhjZTBjMTlkNyIsImMiOjF9) on the overview page of the Interactive\nProtection Monitoring Dashboard.\nIn the months of May and June 2023, 4 NEN-PMS partners conducted quantitative assessments with **206**\n**households, comprising 1,318 internally displaced individuals,** in **Jere Local Government Area** (LGA).\n\n\n**MOST CRITICAL PROTECTION RISKS:** The NEN-PMS data in Jere for May and June 2023 suggests that\nhouseholds confront the following priority protection risks:\n\n - **Risk 1:** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/**\n**or humanitarian access**\n\n - **Risk 2:** **Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal documentation, including on HLP,**\n**remedies and justice**\n\n - **Risk 3:** **Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress**\n\n - **Risk 4:** **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced**\n**displacement**\n\n - **Risk 5:** **Gender-based violence**\n\n\n**CONTEXT**\n**Displacement:**\n\n - 44% of the displaced population residing in Jere has been displaced multiple times, with a cumulative\n6 out of 10 households being displaced more than once. The majority of households in Jere\n(combined 76%) have been displaced for at least 5 years, due to attacks by NSAGs (69%) and\ngeneralized violence (18%), qualifying their situation as conflict-driven, protracted displacement.\nCompared to the average situation of interviewed households in the BAY states, the population\u2019s\ndisplacement in Jere is slightly more protracted (+6% of interviewed households being displaced for\nat least 5+ years) and more regularly caused by NSAG activities (+9%) and generalized violence (+3%).\n\n - The LGAs of Mafa (31%), Bama (14%), Jere (13%), and Marte (12%) are the areas of origin of most\ninterviewed households in Jere LGA.\n\n**Household vulnerabilities:**\n\n - The majority of interviewed displaced households in Jere live in makeshift shelters (88%) in\ncamps/camp like-settings (76%), which is significantly higher (+34%) than the average in the BAY\nstates. Living in makeshift shelters for numerous years exposes households to a lack of privacy and\ndignity, as well as disturbance and damage from severe weather events.\n\n - Half of the population interviewed in Jere (50%) has at least one vulnerable member within their\nhousehold, ranging slightly above the BAY states\u2019 average (+3%). The most prevalent vulnerabilities\nof household members in Jere are at-risk children engaged in child labor (34%), lactating women\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT", - "confidence": 0.9799957871437073, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North-East Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.5264814496040344, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9808216094970703, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9144383072853088, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "North-East Nigeria Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.5594078302383423, - "start": 56, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "NEN-PMS", - "confidence": 0.596961259841919, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8611503839492798, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8856120109558105, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NEN-PMS data", - "confidence": 0.9909787178039551, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jere", - "confidence": 0.7279722690582275, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9917586445808411, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.528454065322876, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9611138105392456, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Jere", - "confidence": 0.5532432794570923, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ce6fc63-4b4b-4961-a67d-fa9bd39c7f89/Protection%20Monitoring%20Snapshot%20-%20Jere%20LGA%20-%20Q2%2C%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT:** **Jere, Borno State, North-East Nigeria**\n\nMAY - JUNE 2023 / QUARTER 2\n\n\nfacing challenges in remaining healthy and safe (19%), and older persons unable to care for\nthemselves (8%), which mirrors prevalent vulnerabilities of other BAY households.\n\n - Almost half of school-aged children in interviewed households (45%) do not go to school, which is\nbelow the out-of-school rate across the BAY states (-12%). The reported reasons for non-attendance\nare the lack of financial resources (50%), schooling space (15%), and teachers (13%). 5% of\ninterviewed households in Jere host separated children, half of the BAY-states\u2019 average (-5%). Child\nseparation predominantly relates to family members fleeing to other LGAs in the North-East or states\nwithin Nigeria (75%) and family members having been recruited by NSAGs (25%); both reasons for\nchild separation in Jere are significantly higher than the BAY states\u2019 average.\n\n**MAIN THREATS AFFECTING THE POPULATION IN THE LGA**\n\n\n**Protection threats:**\n\n - Approximately 7% of interviewed households reported a protection incident in the last six months,\nwith two-thirds of the incidents (75%) reported as psychological or emotional abuse and inflicted\ndistress and 40% of incidents related to theft, extortion, eviction. Community leaders represent the\nmajority of reported perpetrators (60%) followed by humanitarian organizations (14%) and the police\n(15%). Interestingly, the perpetrators of protection incidents also are the actors to which most\nprotection incidents are reported.\n\n - Population perception of safety is divided (52% feeling safe versus 44% somewhat unsafe). Women\nand girls feel more unsafe (52%) than men and boys (44%). Male responders feel unsafe mostly due\nto the absence of state authorities (87%), specifically when going about livelihood activities at the\nfarms (92%) and in the field (87%), while female responders attribute feeling unsafe to the prevalence\nof GBV (85%), particularly when accessing services in the market (100%), health facilities (100%) or\nwhen using latrines (48%).\n\n**Origins, drivers, and nature of the threats, including actors\u2019 responsibility:**\n\n - While a small percentage of interviewed households (7%) reported direct protection incidents and\ncomparatively fewer limitations to freedom of movement within their current location (10%),\ninterviewed households\u2019 movements out of Jere LGA are restricted primarily by military operations\nof the government (25%) and a lack of identification and travel documents (18%), especially among\nfemale household members, who are more likely not to be or only partially to be in possession of\ncivil documentation (71%) than male household members.\n\n - There is no significant reporting of tensions between communities, depicting a more positive picture\nof social cohesion as compared to the BAY states\u2019 average. Any identified tensions mainly stem from\nthe absence of state authorities (58%).\n\n - Heightened exposure to threats and their effects seems to be partially driven by the vulnerability of\nhouseholds in Jere. For instance, more than one third of interviewed households attribute their lack\nof civil documentation and subsequent movement restrictions to their inability to afford associated\nfees (34%). Households report food (78%), NFIs (32%), and livelihoods (18%) as priority needs, in\nline with prevalent overall needs across the BAY states. Furthermore, households\u2019 vulnerability\nseems to be linked to a reported lack of awareness, specifically on MHPSS services (94%), services\nfor children (84%), and legal services (74%). Compared to the BAY states\u2019 average, interviewed\nhouseholds in Jere are less aware of available humanitarian assistance and services than other LGAs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT", - "confidence": 0.9778987169265747, - "start": 3, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9230429530143738, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ce6fc63-4b4b-4961-a67d-fa9bd39c7f89/Protection%20Monitoring%20Snapshot%20-%20Jere%20LGA%20-%20Q2%2C%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT:** **Jere, Borno State, North-East Nigeria**\n\nMAY - JUNE 2023 / QUARTER 2\n\n\n - A minority of interviewed households (13%) in Jere indicated that humanitarian services do not\nrespond to their household needs at all, while a majority (81%) assessed them to be only partially\nmeeting their needs. Importantly, households in Jere cannot or can only partially access services\nrelated to their highest priority needs of food (51%) and livelihoods (54%), likely pointing to the\nabsence of services due to the overstretched response and/or barriers to access.\n\n - Community leaders are the most preferred channel in Jere to receive information on humanitarian\nassistance (38%), followed by local associations with community volunteers (17%), highlighting the\ncentral role of community stakeholders in meeting people\u2019s basic household needs in Jere. As noted\nabove, while community leaders may represent a trusted channel of communication, they also\nremain a threat to the population.\n\n\n**EFFECTS OF THE MAIN THREATS ON THE AFFECTED POPULATION**\n\n\n**Consequence on social cohesion:**\n\n - Probably in connection to the general threat posed by the absence of rule of law and state\nauthorities, households report a worrying almost-total absence of documentation for housing, land\nand property (HLP, 97%). Only 13% of interviewed households had female household members in\npossession of HLP documentation, underlining the impact of traditional gender roles and norms on\nequitable access to documentation. Similarly, interviewed households in Jere reported that male\nhousehold members are more likely than female household members to have civil documentation.\nWhile interviewed households reported that 28% of male household members have voter\u2019s cards,\nonly 9% of female household members have them, highlighting the restricted participation of\ndisplaced women in the political process.\n\n - While social cohesion seems positive, all households consider that any disruption to it would bring\nan increased risk of violence to community members. This aspect is significant given that\nhouseholds do not have a good set of coping strategies to deal with safety issues; 81% report that\nthere are no strategies in place to keep people safe and 18% say that strategies in place are not\neffective, exhibiting a more stark absence of community coping strategies in Jere than other areas\nin the BAY states.\n\n - The importance of social cohesion to protect the population from existing threats is even more\npertinent considering that a significant number of households adopt local community coordination\nstrategies, either by engaging with humanitarian actors (33%), traditional leadership structures\n(22%), or local authorities (15%).\n\n**Consequences on movement:**\n\n - The major consequences of the limitations of movement relate to limited or no access to livelihood\nopportunities (24%), access to health (11%), food assistance (5%), and WASH (5%). When access to\nrequired services is restricted, interviewed households in Jere report borrowing money or goods\n(27%), asking friends and/or family for support (20%), skipping meals or school dropout (11%), and\nbegging (9%).\n\n - 47% of displaced households would return to their place of origin, mostly due to government camp\nclosures and relocations (36%), presenting a significant negative push factor that drives households\nin Jere out of their current locations, as well as for family reunification (20%) and improved access\nto commodities (13%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ce6fc63-4b4b-4961-a67d-fa9bd39c7f89/Protection%20Monitoring%20Snapshot%20-%20Jere%20LGA%20-%20Q2%2C%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION MONITORING SNAPSHOT:** **Jere, Borno State, North-East Nigeria**\n\nMAY - JUNE 2023 / QUARTER 2\n\n\n - The overall livelihoods situation relates to the effects of existing threats in Jere, with households\nreporting borrowing money (28%), asking for support of friends and family (20%), and selling off\nbelongings (13%) and as primary coping mechanisms, leaving requests for support from\nhumanitarian actors only at 6% of households.\n\n\n**CAPACITIES OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION TO COPE WITH THE THREATS**\n\n\n**Household capacities:**\n\n - While there is a low number of reported Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) incidents, it is\nimportant to highlight that 13% of interviewed households in Jere do not know how to report SEA.\nLack of knowledge on reporting mechanisms is the main barrier to SEA reporting for nearly half\n(47%) of the interviewed households, followed by the fear of losing humanitarian assistance (23%)\nand a lack of confidence in the effectiveness of reporting and follow-up actions (18%).\n\n - Data relating to support received in response to reported protection incidents is worrisome: 83% of\ninterviewed households report that they did not receive required support. While reporting on\nprotection incidents in Jere is low, the lack of response figures is more than double the BAY states\u2019\naverage (37%) for the same data point. However, when service is provided, legal assistance (70%),\nfood assistance (25%), and NFI/Shelter assistance (25%) are the most received services.\n\n\n**Local networks and systems support:**\n\n - Community leaders, local associations, village elders and religious leaders are the preferred\nchannels for households in Jere to receive information on humanitarian services (38%, 17%, 9%, 9%\nrespectively). While there is a tendency to rely on local networks and systems, 76% of interviewed\nhouseholds have used feedback and complaint mechanisms with men and boys (56%) having more\nusage than women and girls (20%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ce6fc63-4b4b-4961-a67d-fa9bd39c7f89/Protection%20Monitoring%20Snapshot%20-%20Jere%20LGA%20-%20Q2%2C%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_567/raw/doc_567_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_567/raw/doc_567_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 137ee8d3a8f7626fa8e4ae9e81ed7a9d3981ed4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_567/raw/doc_567_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,289 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Advocacy Note**\n**on Protection Concerns related to the Closure of Camps in Local Government**\n\n**Areas (LGAs) in Borno State, North-East Nigeria**\n\n\n**December 19, 2023**\n\n\n**1.** **Background**\n\nInternal displacement across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States in Northeast Nigeria continues, reflecting years of\nconflict and ongoing insecurity. Borno State currently has 62 formal and 158 informal camps which host total of\nabout 874,213 IDPs across the 17 LGAs. Adamawa State currently host 19,277 IDPs in 3 formal IDP camps and\n22 informal IDP camps. In Yobe State, a total 19,451 IDPs are currently hosted in 19 informal IDP camps.\n\nAmidst this ongoing crisis, the Borno State Government (BSG) continued its efforts to end displacement by closing\ncamps and in so doing, closed all official Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in Maiduguri in early 2023 and\nannounced plans to continue closing camps in the Local Government Areas (LGAs) and the informal camps within\nMaiduguri and Jere. The BSG had closed all official IDP camps in Maiduguri in early 2023 and announced plans\nto continue closing camps in the LGAs. 17 return locations [1],, some of which are in areas designated as hard or\nextremely hard to reach for humanitarian partners due to insecurity, have been identified by the BSG as areas\nwhere the IDPs will be relocated to.\n\nIn an effort to begin the closure of camps within the LGAs the Governor of Borno State visited Monguno on 20-22\nNovember 2023 and announced the closure of the Government Senior Science Secondary School (GSSS) camp.\nThe GSSS Camp hosts 5,862 households consisting of 30,368 individuals from parts of Kukawa, Nganzai, Marte\nand Guzamala LGAs. Reportedly, the IDPs will be relocated to the 1,000-housing located along the MongunoMaiduguri Road which is under construction by UNDP. IDPs who are from communities and villages that have\nattained relative security according to government assessment, will be returned to their areas of origin, particularly\nthose from Kekeno, Mile 90 and Yoyo, towns in Monguno LGA. The Borno State Government has promised to l\nprovide a resettlement package to those that are willing to return to their ancestral lands. It remains unclear if those\nwho do not return to their ancestral home will also benefit from the resettlement package.\n\nThis Advocacy Note, developed by the Protection Sector North-East Nigeria with inputs from key protection\npartners, serves to outline key facts and highlight protection concerns, as identified by a range of protection actors\nworking with affected populations, in relation to the closures of camps in the LGAs. The Note also highlights\nprotection concerns that are relevant to ensure sustainable solutions. It also provides recommendations for key\nstakeholders regarding the actions needed to ensure the rights of the affected population are upheld throughout\nthe camp closures and relocation processes, in line with national, regional and international standards and in\nsupport of durable solutions. [2]\n\n\n1 Kuwawa LGA (kekeno, Yoyo, Mile 90, Baga, Doron Baga, Cross-kawa)\nMonguno LGA (Borehole)\nGwoza LGA (Kirawa, Ngoshe, Warabe)\nMafa LGA (Ajiri, Ngarnam)\nMarte LGA (New Marte)\nKonduga LGA (Kawuri)\nBama LGA (Nguro soye, Tarmuwa, Kumshe)\n\n2 This includes the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (2004), the African Union Convention for the Protection and\nAssistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) ratified by Nigeria in 2012, the Borno State\nGovernment Return Strategy (2018), and the Nigerian National IDP Policy (2021).\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Government of Nigeria\u2019s (GoN) Legal Obligation on Internal displacement**\nThe GoN ratified the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons\nin Africa (\u201cKampala Convention\u201d) in 2012.In the convention, it is clearly outlined that IDPs have the right \u2018to be\nprotected against forcible return to or resettlement in any place where their life, safety, liberty and/or health would\nbe at risk.\u2019 The government has an obligation to consult with and ensure the participation of internally displaced\npersons in the planning and management of their return, resettlement, or integration, enabling displaced people to\n\u2018make a free and informed choice\u2019 regarding these processes. The adoption of the Kampala convention in Nigeria\nhappened in 2021, when Nigeria released the \u2018National Policy on Internally Displaced Persons\u2019 reiterating: \u2018 _national_\n_responsibility towards prevention and protection of citizens and, in some cases, non-citizens, from incidences of_\n_arbitrary and other forms of internal displacement, meet their assistance and protection needs during displacement,_\n_and ensure their rehabilitation, return, reintegration and relocation after displacement. The policy spells out_\n_principles guiding humanitarian assistance and implementation of durable solutions in situations of internal_\n_displacement in Nigeria and has adopted the human rights-based approach and its principles\u2019._ At a state level, the\nBorno state 2018 Return Strategy, lays out minimum conditions for returns in compliance with international law.\nThe minimum conditions, set out in the strategy, namely security, access, full participation, voluntariness, and the\navailability of basic social services, remain unmet across areas where relocation has been planned. The\n**Government of Nigeria (GoN) would need to uphold its signed commitments to** abide by International\nHumanitarian Law (IHL), International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and frameworks, in particular, complying to act\nin line with the _Kampala Convention_, the _IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons_\n(2010), _Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement_ (2004) and the _UN Durable Solutions Preliminary Operational_\n_Guide_ (2016), as well as the GoN\u2019s newly endorsed _IDP Policy_ heeding the aforementioned documents. The BSG\nhas been working with developmental actors and the office of the UN Special Advisor on Solutions to Internal\nDisplacement and it remains important that the BSG remains committed to the key guiding considerations for the\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "action agenda, which have been thought through in terms of a comprehensive all-round approach to sustainable\nand credible solutions for IDPs.\n\n\n**3.** **Experiences from Previous Camp Closures**\nAs of early 2023, authorities in Borno State had closed eight (8) official IDP camps in Maiduguri and facilitated the\nrelocation of over 150, 000 IDPs from the closed IDP camps with many unable to return to their habitual place of\nresidence due to insecurity and the lack of basic social services and livelihood opportunities among other reasons.\nIf future closures follow similar patterns as efforts to date, there will undoubtedly be serious protection implications\nand impacts as outline below.\n\n:\n\n - **Abrupt Closures:** previous camp closures by the Borno State Government have been done abruptly,\nwith very limited notice, severely affected the ability for affected IDPs to consider different options and to\nmake free and informed decisions and affecting the ability of receiving communities and humanitarians to\nundertake any needed preparations. A camp closure plan, share with the population and humanitarian\nactors working with the affected population remains vital.\n\n - **Multiple Displacements** : There have been several instances since 2021, where persons relocated after\ncamp closures to other locations were forced to flee to another location because of the insecurity in those\nlocations. For instance, in the Soye community of Bama LGA, one of the return communities hosting IDPs\nfrom the closed Dalori 1 and Dalori 2 was attacked by the NSAG on the 27th of April 2023 where an adult\nIDP returnee was killed while fetching firewood behind the community. Due to trepidation some of the\nreturned IDPs fled to Banki and Minawao in Cameroon in search of safety. Furthermore, 3% of the 16,\n111 Households [3] assessed during protection monitoring in 2023 reported that they have experienced\nmultiple displacements. It is worth noting that approximately 1 fifth of the 160,000 IDPs relocated from\nthe closed camps in Maiduguri and Jere returned or stayed in MMC/Jere without any support for local\nintegration.\n\n - **Limited Sources of Livelihood** : IDPs relocated/returned to several locations including Kirawa,Kukawa,\nWulgo, and Kawuri faced challenges to access livelihood. The return/relocation package provided could\nnot sustained them after a month as narrated during focus group discussions conducted by Protection\npartners. For instance, some of the affected populations that were relocated to Soye received cash and\nfood assistance twice, and there was no further assistance. Moreover, there are restricted movement to\nengage in livelihood, especially farming. There is a need for post-relocation monitoring and assessment\nof socio-economic structures of sustenance, protection risks, and mitigation measures that could be\nemployed to resolve any arising issues. In addition, the return and relocation package need to be review\nto commensurate with the needs on ground and the prevailing situation.\n\n - **Potential Unresolved HLP Issues** : When the camps were closed and families moved to the garrisoned\nLGAs, incidents of secondary occupation of properties were reported in places such as Bama and Dikwa.\nAs the displacement and security situation remains without significant improvements in the hard-to-reach\nareas, given that most of the affected population has been in a protracted displacement situation, the\npotential remains that prolonged secondary occupation and other factors may degenerate into unresolved\nHLP issues in the future.\n\n - **Forced Family Separation** : Individuals affected by camp closures have experienced family separation\nwhen some of their family members were compelled to stay in Maiduguri and search for jobs to cater for\ntheir families in the return /relocated locations. Protection monitoring data revealed that 10% of the 16,\n111 households assessed in 2023 reported that they have experienced family separation because of the\ncamp closure.\n\n - **Increased Risk for Children, Women and Other Vulnerable Groups** : Due to the unclear or ineffectively\nimplemented relocation plans by the BSG to reintegrate the returned/ relocated IDPs to the\nreturn/relocated n locations, limited capacities of the local authorities to adequately assume responsibility\nfor the returned IDPs and limited access to assistance, many displaced children affected by camp\nclosures, have been exposed to heightened risks. This includes adopting negative coping behaviors such\nas begging on the streets to survive, road accidents, kidnapping, trafficking, transactional sex and sexual\nviolence, among other risks. The Older persons and female heads of households also face challenges in\naccess to specific basic services, tailored to their needs.\n\n**4.** **Current situations in the LGAs**\n\n - **Security Situation** : 72% of the 16,111 households in Borno State assessed during protection monitoring\nin 2023 reported that they would like to return to their areas of origin but at the moment, they feel safe in\ntheir current locations (Camps, host communities). The feeling is the same for men, women, boys, and\ngirls. It is important to ensure security is guaranteed in areas of return to avoid onward movement of the\npopulation after relocation. The main driver for feeling insecure upon return is the presence of NSAG,\n\n\n3 Ongoing Northeast Nigeria Protection Monitoring System Household assessments conducted from May November 2023.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "crime and attacks, kidnapping, taxation on civilians. Between May and November 2023, 393 incidents\nhave been reported through the protection monitoring system in Borno State, of which 354 are attacks,\nabductions, and kidnaps by NSAG. Others include seven incidents of unexploded ordnances. Insecurity,\npresence of NSAGs and incidents of unexploded ordnances continue to pose risks for the forcibly\ndisplaced population.\n\n - **Continued Displacement** : As the military continues to retake areas previously held by the NSAG,\ndisplacements continue to be recorded. Available records indicate that some 72,633 [4] individuals have\nbeen displaced in the BAY states with most of them being in Borno State. Until sustainable peace is\nguaranteed, insecurity will continue to cause displacement of people from the NSAG controlled areas to\nthe existing camps, in spite of efforts to close camps. Additionally, we are also witnessing displacements\noccurring beyond the borders of Nigeria to neighboring Niger and Cameroon, occasioned by these camp\nclosures. Maraou Camp in Cameroon has registered 12,000 new asylum seekers from Nigeria this year,\nmost of whom indicate forced displacement linked to camp closures with nowhere conducive to go to. It\nis important that the response mechanism in place to address camp closures foresees this potential and\nacts in time to manage irregular movements and repeated cycles of displacements.\n\n\n**5.** **Key Protection Concerns:**\n\n\n**5.1. Safety and Security in Areas of Relocation**\nThe security situation in some of the places of return/relocation is a concern and many locations do not\nhave sufficient levels of services available. An inter-agency Return Intension Surveys (RIS) conducted in\nJune 2022 and excerpts from the November 2023 RIS, shows that safety and security remain a primary\npre-condition for return to their area of origin as stated by IDPs. It is evident that the Nigeria Military has\nretaken several towns and villages that were once occupied by NSAGs and as narrated by the Bama LGA\nChairmen during the 29 November 2023 workshop in Abuja, IDPs will be relocated in order to make the\ntowns newly retaken by the military functional. He further mentioned that if the IDPs are not relocated to\nthe newly retaken towns, those towns may end up being deserted and that will delay the expulsion of\nNSAGs from surrounding towns. Past relocation of IDPs and refugees to town newly taken over from\nNSAGs have shown that the relocation of IDPs to such towns do attract attacks by NSAG unlike when\nthere is only military occupancy. Example of such was relocation of IDPs to Soye, Warabe and Mallam\nFatori. In Soye, the day after the first batch of IDPs arrived from Dalori II, some IDPs immediately left Soye\nto Bama town and Maiduguri due to insecurity because the Government Forces leave after curfew and\nthere was a lack of adequate services in Soye town due to absence of humanitarian actors. Days after\nIDPs were returned to Soye town, on 22 February 2023 NSAG members intruded the Soye Community\nand emergency shelters and took away food and non-food items belonging to returnees and the military\nhad to move in. On 11 March 2023. NSAG members were documented harvesting the unripped crops\n(onions) in Soye and this led to farmers harvesting their crops earlier than they were supposed to in order\nto avoid further losses and sell the items at a giveaway price. While IDPs from Dalori II were being\nrelocated to Dalori village, NSAGs abducted seven civilians in the farmland in the outskirts of the village.\nMarte and Kikawa also experience killing if civilians after they were relocated by the BSG\n\n\nThe Borno State Governor visited IDPs in the GSSS Camp in Monguno and promised to close the camp.\nDespite the high presence of the Nigeria military in Monguno town, attacks by NSAGs continues and\ntherefore attacks can be predicted in locations and the security situation in locations with lesser military\npersonnel presence remains a concern. For example, there was an attack by NSAGs on a military position\nbehind FGGC and Waterboard IDP Camp in Monguno at about 1240 hours on 02 December 2023. A 13year-old girl was wounded and unconfirmed reports from military sources indicated that two State Security\nForces were killed, and their weapons carted away by the NSAGs. Due to the proximity of the attacked\nlocation with the UN Humanitarian Hub, all guests and hub workers were moved to the bunker for about\n35 minutes before they were asked to go back to their rooms when the shootings subsided. These and\nother incidents mentioned, show that security remains a major concern and should be taken into\nconsideration as the planned closure of camps evolves.\n\n\n_**Recommendations:**_\n\n - _The_ _**BSG**_ _to ensure that returns/relocations are only undertaken to areas that have a sufficient level of_\n_security and freedom of movement as well as access to basic services and livelihood opportunities._\n_Establishment of civilian populations in areas contested by NSAGs remains highly insecure and ill-_\n_advised, unless additional measures to counter the prevalent risks are in place. Such efforts should_\n_additionally wholly be guided by the rights and choices of IDPs themselves._\n\n - _For the_ _**BSG**_ _to meaningfully involve the affected IDP populations and the humanitarian community in_\n_jointly determining and planning for solutions (return, integration, resettlement to other areas), reflecting_\n_the intentions of the IDPs and supporting their voluntary movement._\n\n - _For the_ _**humanitarian community**_ _to ensure the continued provision of adequate levels of assistance to_\n_affected populations as a humanitarian imperative for the duration required until the population can be_\n_self-reliant, and which should not constitute a push factor that influences IDPs\u2019 decision and voluntariness_\n_in terms of relocating to government designated locations._\n\n\n4 IOM Emergency Tracking tool January - October 2023.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.9888898134231567, - "start": 23, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Borno State", - "confidence": 0.9193809032440186, - "start": 27, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9507498741149902, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available records", - "confidence": 0.8956670761108398, - "start": 98, - "end": 100 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "BAY states", - "confidence": 0.68962162733078, - "start": 115, - "end": 117 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.5613836050033569, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency Return Intension Surveys", - "confidence": 0.982154130935669, - "start": 304, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIS", - "confidence": 0.9971123933792114, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.8705966472625732, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9954066276550293, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9297162294387817, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7847536206245422, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.1.2** **Freedom of Movement**\nIDPs relocated to LGAs by the BSG have experienced serious restrictions of movement due to the\nmilitary barriers established to prevent the infiltration of NSAG into military control areas. During Focus\nGroup Discussions conducted with relocated IDPs on 29 May 2023 in Konduga and on 18 June 2023, in\nSoye, relocated IDPs expressed that they feel they are in an open prison where they can walk around the\ntown but cannot easily leave the town to go further and engage in farming due to the risks some of them\nhave experienced. The limited freedom of movement has led to desperation within the IDP communities\nin the camps and the undermining of existing gender roles, especially with men who are supposed to be\nbreadwinners losing their status within the society. Protection assessments by partners highlighted that\nmen are frustrated that they cannot perform their traditional gender roles as fathers or husbands due to\ntheir inability to easily travel outside of the military controlled areas. **The populations living in areas**\n**potentially contaminated with explosive ordnances are unable to move freely to engage in any**\n**meaningful livelihood** and given that most of the affected population are farmers who are now required\nto depend on support from humanitarian organizations, life in the IDP camps **remains difficult** . If the\ncamps in the LGAs are closed, **humanitarian architecture dismantled**, and the BSG is not providing\nlivelihood support to the relocated IDPs, the IDPs will be exposed to risks when moving beyond the\nmilitary set barriers where they will continue to be at risks of kidnapping, deaths or injuries by NSAG or\nexplosive ordnances.\n\n\n_**Recommendations**_ **:**\n\n- _Given the number of deaths as a result of IDPs or relocated IDPs venturing into locations that are outside_\n_the military controlled areas, there is a need to ensure that the closure of camps and relocation of the_\n_IDPs to areas newly taken over by the military takes into consideration the safety of the nearby_\n_communities and land. Until safety and security measures are guaranteed within surroundings of towns_\n_where IDPs will be relocated, such relocations should be reconsidered._\n\n- _Relocated IDPs should be provided sustainable sources of livelihood to assist in reducing their level of_\n_vulnerability and minimizing their exposure to killings, kidnappings by NSAG, and explosive ordnances._\n_A one-off assistance and return/relocated package are insufficient to meet the needs of the population,_\n_especially where they may be unable to engage in meaningful livelihood due to insecurity in and around_\n_relocation areas._\n\n- _Support to ensure that the population has access to humanitarian assistance remains key and as an_\n_obligation under International Humanitarian law, the GoN is obligated to support the timely and unimpeded_\n_access to relief to recall IHL obligations Therefore, there should be no banning of humanitarian aid, either_\n_for those returning to locations, or those who have requested to stay in host communities. Such assistance_\n_shall be based on needs and vulnerability. Humanitarians and BSG should ensure that humanitarian_\n_organizations can provide lifesaving assistance in all areas where needs are identified._\n\n- _The_ _**GoN**_ _to ensure all Nigerians, regardless of their status as displaced or non-displaced individuals,_\n_enjoy full freedom of movement._\n\n- _**OCHA/CMCoord**_ _to advocate the BSG and Nigeria Military for improved freedom of movement in areas_\n_of relocation, including more flexible curfews where applicable, to allow the IDPs to conduct livelihood and_\n_other activities outside the towns/sites of relocation. To ensure a sustainable solution, restriction of_\n_movement should be time-bound and gradually lifted, as the security situation improves._\n\n- _The_ _**GoN**_ _, with the support of_ _**humanitarian actors**_ _, to enhance Explosive Ordnance Risk Education_\n_(EORE) for increased understanding and safe behaviour of relocated IDPs, including for engagement in_\n_activities outside military controlled areas and farmlands._\n\n\n**5.1.3** **Timeline and accountability to the population**\nHumanitarian and developmental actors would benefit from an early indication of timelines for the process\nThe timely clarity to be provided for the intended and planned closure of different camps located in areas\nwhere humanitarian actors are will serve to ensure the planning of ongoing protection interventions and a\nsmooth transition of services is knitted into the entire process, to establish/reinforce community-based\nstructures where applicable. It would be useful for communities to be provided with clear messaging in\ndifferent spoken languages (there are a wide variety of tribes living in those camps (Kanuri, Shuwa, Wula\nand Gamargu, Mandara, Glavda, Shuwa, and Mafa, Lamang, Mandara, Uvahe, Agapalawa, Chinene,\nGavva, Marghi, Fulfulde, Maffa Ghihude, Fulanis, Hausa, Kotoko, Higgie, Marghie, and Blacksmiths ) and\nproper consultation and two-way communications with the displaced populations. Adequate information\nshould be provided to allow for informed decision making. The camp closure process should be properly\nexplained in an inclusive manner ensuring that all the affected population are reached other than only\nthose who are present during consultations and meetings. Specific case issues should also be managed\nas even though similarly circumstanced, some community members may be more vulnerable than others,\nhence requiring a measure of added targeted support in the process.\n\n\nEnsuring that all movements are safe and that people requesting to be locally integrated have alternative\noptions within the host communities to avoid the overstretching of resources and guaranteeing the\nvoluntariness of movements. Consideration should also be given to persons with special needs including\npersons with disabilities, female headed households, child headed households and older persons.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Recommendations**_ **:**\n\n\n - _Borno State Government to bring on board and explain to the stakeholders including IDPs, humanitarian,_\n_development actors and donors the scheduled plans of camp closures to mobilize the most needed support_\n_and ensure a more dignified relocation process that is based on safety and voluntariness. Previous camp_\n_closures in 2021, and 2022 were not adequately consultative and did not generally speaking, adhere, to the_\n_international and national standards set in the IASC Durable Solutions Guidelines and the Nigeria National_\n_IDP Policy._\n\n - _For the_ _**BSG**_ _to meaningfully involve the affected IDP populations and the humanitarian community in jointly_\n_determining and planning for solutions (return, integration and resettlement to alternative areas), reflecting_\n_the intentions of the IDPs and supporting their voluntary movement._\n\n - _For the_ _**humanitarian community**_ _to ensure the continued provision of adequate levels of assistance to_\n_relocated populations in locations accessible up to a time when they can be self-reliant \u2013 which ideally should_\n_be for a fixed period of time to allow for a seamless transition. There is a need to ensure that the humanitarian_\n_assistance does not constitute a push factor that impacts IDPs\u2019 decision and voluntariness in terms of leaving_\n_the camps to government designated relocation areas. There is a necessity to find alternatives for people not_\n_wishing to leave the camp areas and refusing to relocate into their areas of origin. IDPs are entitled to_\n_protection and assistance as per the IASC framework for durable solutions of IDPs._\n\n - _Support and return/relocation packages should be given to the IDPs returning to government designated_\n_relocation areas, and same support should be extended to IDPs who intend to locally integrate in the host_\n_communities. There are thousands of IDPs in the host communities of Maiduguri and have never been_\n_assisted by the_ _**BSG**_ _._\n\n - _**The BSG**_ _to ensure that the assistance provided is commensurate to the size of the population being_\n_supported with return or relocation and that the needs of the most vulnerable IDPs, including infants, children,_\n_the older persons, persons living with disabilities, female and child headed households, are considered._\n\n\n**5.1.4** **Housing, Land and Property (HLP)**\nThere are indications that HLP disputes may escalate in the proposed return/relocation LGAs as the BSG\nenforced camp closure return, and relocation continuous. A recent assessment [5] conducted by the HLP AoR\nin Borno state on July and August 2023 indicate that, there has been a sharp increase in HLP disputes\nfollowing the return/relocation of displaced persons in Banki, Dikwa and Monguno. These HLP disputes were\nmainly attributed to returnees trying to reclaim or retake back their HLP from those occupying their homes or\nland which has been exacerbated by loss, missing documents, HLP and personal documentation as well as\nthe destruction of the document\u2019s registries and records. The resultant effect has been forced eviction and\nforced displacement of the secondary occupants as the existing HLP dispute resolution mechanisms and\nactors have limited capacity to intervene in these disputes. With more camps expected to be closed, the\nsituation in the return/relocation LGAs might worsen if certain critical HLP concerns are not addressed.\n\n\nThe conflict has led to a widespread destruction and damage to HLP, ruins of business infrastructure, thereby,\nhindering displaced affected population from voluntary returning even with the slight improvement in the\nsecurity conditions of these places. Also, most of these LGAs have now turned into garrison towns with very\nlimited access to land for shelter, farmland, and other livelihood activities. The combined effect of these\nchallenges has now resulted in very poor HLP living conditions for the affected persons with majority of them\nliving in highly congested informal site with no access to basic and essential services. Even though the\nGovernment has made some efforts in rehabilitating and constructing new structures, the houses are still\ninsufficient.\n\n_**Recommendations**_\n\n - _There is need for the_ _BSG to ensure the_ _**Provision of Land for Livelihood Activities:**_ _Adequate provisions_\n_for land for farming and livelihood activities must be ensured for sustainable relocation/ returns._ _**Phased**_\n_**Return,**_ _prioritizing those with access to their HLP, followed by those to be accommodated in government_\n_provided shelters is recommended._\n\n - _**Strengthening the existing Dispute Resolution Capacity**_ _remains key to effectively addressing emerging_\n_challenges in areas of return/relocation._\n\n - _**For BSG, in collaboration with humanitarian and development partners, to support HLP**_\n_**documentation**_ _to strengthen tenure security of the affected population._\n\n\n5 Analysis of Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) issues in Banki, Dikwa, Jere, Maiduguri Metropolitan Council\n(MMC), and Monguno in Borno State, North-East Nigeria.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.1.5 Mine Action**\n\nThe closure of camps leads to people returning to areas, host communities and/or places of origin, that are\npotentially impacted by the presence of mines and other explosive ordnance, including improvised explosive\ndevices (IEDs) and landmines of improvised nature, threats brought about by the protracted conflict. Mine\nAction partners have noted a sharp increase in the number of explosive ordnance incidents before and after\nrelocations, including an 883 per cent increase in Konduga LGA. Explosive ordnance risk education (EORE)\nis not delivered to people being relocated to such areas nor are there any humanitarian survey and clearance\nactivities conducted to ensure safe returns. The number of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) Nigerian Police\nOfficers trained on international standards to respond to emergency tasks are severely lacking.\n\n\nBorno State, particularly in and around IDP camps, faces a significant threat from Explosive Ordnance, despite\nthe major mine action/EORE efforts deployed by Mine Action actors. A recent Northeast assessment\nconducted by the Mine Action AoR indicates a high contamination level of EO in the returning LGAs,\ncontributing to a substantial increase of 242% in EO-related accidents in northeast in 2023. This alarming\nstatistic underscores the urgent need to prioritize safety and security during the potential relocation of IDPs.\nCurrent conditions necessitate urgent and unrestricted access for humanitarian mine action teams to conduct\nEORE operations, and the Nigerian Police/Army to conduct clearance operations in identified LGAs within\nBorno State, beyond the few towns where IDPs will be returned to and extended to nearby communities and\nenvironments.\n\n\n_**Recommendations**_ _:_\n\n - _To ensure the safety of IDPs, returnees and host community members, EORE needs to be delivered._\n\n - _Humanitarian survey and clearance activities need to be conducted in areas of return/ relocated and_\n_surrounding environments._\n\n - _Increase the number of EOD Nigerian Police Officers trained to international standards and deploy_\n_them to areas of return/ relocated to respond to any emergency tasks in the absence of survey and_\n_clearance activities._\n\n_**6.**_ _**Overall Recommendations to the Humanitarian Community:**_\n\n - **The Humanitarian Country Team (** HCT) to utilize the data, including the data included in this advocacy\nnote, for evidence-based engagement and advocacy with the BSG to ensure compliance with established\nnational, regional and global frameworks and standards and adherence to principles on camp closures\nand durable solutions (returns, integration). This should be done in close coordination with the donor\ncommunity and development partnrs, ensuring a joined-up approach.\n\n - Ensure coordination and joint analysis with the stabilisation actors as an opportunity to highlight\nhumanitarian and protection concerns. This will provide a space for coordination and integrated\napproaches through a shared do-no-harm principle.\n\n - **Humanitarian actors** to ensure continued advocacy for compliance with standards of camp closure\ncontinues and to ensure that no additional protection risks for IDPs are created or that adeqaute\nprotection and govt-led/owned structures are in place to adequately respond to any potential arising\nissues.\n\n - **Humanitarian actors** to continue to collect information on camp closures, the intentions and experiences\nof IDPs and the situation in return/relocation areas, and produce coherent analytical products on a\nconsistent basis that put forward clear, actionable data, thereby overcoming the currently scattered\nnature of information and analyses. Information gathered will you used for advocacy and to plan\nprotection response.\n\n - **Humanitarian actors**, given the increased number of IDPs likely to involuntarily return/relocate to areas\nthat may be hard to reach/inaccessible to humanitarians, to operationalize the HCT\u2019s Position Paper on\npotentially involuntary returns/relocations to ensure a coherent humanitarian response across different\nagencies and sectors. This includes outlining a methodology with thresholds/red lines, which would\nexceptionally trigger a humanitarian response aimed at upholding the humanitarian imperative of saving\nlives while balancing the principle of not doing harm through condoning involuntray population\nmovements.\n\n - There is a need for joint (gov, dev, peace, and hum actors) Area Based service mapping, and mapping\nof capacity and gaps, that will support all actors to address those gaps. A joint access assessment in\nareas of relocation remains crucial,\n\n - The **Protection Sector and its partners**, along with **Camp Coordination** and **Camp Management**\n**(CCCM) Sector**, to ensure pre- and post-relocation/return monitoring to understand the impact of the\nrelocation/return on the affected population, identify protection risks preventing and mitigate any rights\nviolations ensuing from the relocation/return, and advocate for the GoN\u2019s and other sectors\u2019 required\ninterventions. Monitoring of where IDPs go to after camp closures over a period of time will also be critical\nin evaluating the success of the movements and placements extended to the IDP population.\n\n_**7.**_ _**Overall recommendations to the Donor Community:**_\n\n - **Donors** to advocate for the return and/or relocation of IDPs to assured secure locations and a phased\nand informed approach to the closure of camps, adhering to certain basic minimum standards and\nheightened protection vigilance. Such engagement and advocacy should be done in close\ncoordination with the HCT and humanitarian actors to ensure a joined-up approach.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Northeast assessment", - "confidence": 0.8764379024505615, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mine Action AoR", - "confidence": 0.9144899249076843, - "start": 192, - "end": 195 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Northeast", - "confidence": 0.7779662013053894, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9218739867210388, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8554912209510803, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on camp closures", - "confidence": 0.8490662574768066, - "start": 587, - "end": 591 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Humanitarian actors", - "confidence": 0.5121732950210571, - "start": 527, - "end": 529 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "return/relocation areas", - "confidence": 0.9452521204948425, - "start": 602, - "end": 606 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9768050312995911, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Area Based service mapping", - "confidence": 0.8885589838027954, - "start": 766, - "end": 770 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "areas of relocation", - "confidence": 0.866134524345398, - "start": 793, - "end": 796 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - The **donor community** to provide political and diplomatic advocacy support to ensure the compliance\nof the BSG/GoN with international standards and best practices on relocations and returns, while also\nstrategically aligning donor support to stabilization actors to plan for and provide affected populations\nwith safe, alternative relocation options.\n\n - **Donors** to support principled humanitarian action through targeted funding that is based on needs\nand vulnerability of those in relocated communities, those who opted to move into informal\nsettlements and host communities.\n\n - Donors funding the development actors, need to ensure that their funding complies with their own\nobligations in terms of do-no-harm and human rights approaches.\n\n\n**8.** **Recommendations for the UN Special Advisor on Solutions and for Developmental Actors:**\n\n\n - The office of the UN Special Advisor on Solutions to Internal Displacement should advocate that the\nBSG ensures protection of the IDPs as a key factor in its pursuit of camp closures and that avid\nattempts are made to ensure that the camp closures do not expose IDPs to further harm as\nexperienced in previous return/relocation conducted by the BSG.\n\n - Advocacy to the BSG to ensure that the search for Solutions is broadened, in the best interest of the\ndisplaced population and that solutions for IDPs are not limited to return or relocation but explore all\navailable options. Support to be provided to IDPs if they choose to remain out of camps in other\nplaces that hold a promise for discontinued further displacement.\n\n - As the search for solutions continue, there is a need to recognize that displacement will continue in\nsome form, in many parts of Borno State, and there is a need to ensure that developmental actors\nwork along with humanitarian actors to ensure that those newly displaced or in protracted and\ncompelling protection/vulnerability situations are provided protection and assistance, especially if\ncamps are no longer existing, wherever they find themselves, but in a targeted and measured\nmanner/timeframe. There is a need to ensure that the planned closure of camps considers\naccommodating newly displaced individuals, especially those coming from NSAG controlled areas.\n\n - Developmental actors to work along with humanitarian agencies to ensure that initiatives undertaken\nby developmental actors are protection sensitive and that community participation is key in\ndevelopmental programs and activities. Equally important to is to ensure synergy and a good\ntransition flow between humanitarian and developmental assistance.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f18ee75-e64c-4511-ba95-a1b68904c43e/Protection%20Sector%20Northeast%20Nigeria%20Camp%20Closure%20Advocacy%20Note%20December%2019%2C%202023%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_568/raw/doc_568_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_568/raw/doc_568_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bccbc6d67da39e0cf6be8c48fede53bbf7f10791..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_568/raw/doc_568_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION BRIEF** **CENTRAL AFRICAN** **REPUBLIC**\n### **SUDAN SITUATION**\n\n#### **SEPTEMBER 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nThe ongoing fighting in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support\nForces (RSF) has displaced more than 5,5 million people, including over 1 million individuals to\nneighbouring countries. [1]\n\n\nSince the beginning of the crisis, an estimated number of 18,545 individuals have arrived in the Central\nAfrican Republic (CAR) from Sudan, including 15,047 Sudanese refugees and 4,701 Central African\nrefugee returnees. Considering the present trends, UNHCR estimates that arrivals to CAR could reach\nup to 25,000 forcibly displaced persons by the end of the year. [2]\n\n\nMost of the arrivals have left from bordering regions of Sudan and specifically towns like Nyala and UmDafuk and surrounding villages in South Darfur, forced to leave areas severely affected by the conflict\nand the collapse of law and order, with patterns that reflect the evolving confrontation between the\nparties to the conflict.\n\n\nThe newly arrived population have largely settled in spontaneous sites along the border areas, with\nfewer managing to be hosted by families or in one of the newly established sites in the prefecture of\nVakaga, in northeast CAR.\n\n\n_[1 UNHCR, Operational Data Portal, Sudan Situation https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)_\n_[2 UNHCR, Sudan Regional Refugee Response - May to December 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103163](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103163)_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "According to the results of protection monitoring activities ( _[Project 21](https://response.reliefweb.int/west-and-central-africa/protection/projet-21)_ ) that were put in place soon after\nthe start of the influx, 54 percent of the interviewed household indicated that during the flight, they were\ninvoluntarily separated from family members who have remained in Sudan. As a result, most of the\ndisplaced persons (90 percent) are women and children, including unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, often arriving undocumented. According to the testimonies collected by the protection teams,\nadult men have mostly preferred to remain in Sudan to monitor the evolution of the situation, to protect\ntheir property or possibly to take part to the conflict. Family separation therefore remains one of the\nmain concerns according to surveys conducted with the households arrived in CAR.\n\n\nAmongst the new arrivals,16,066 individuals including 11,365 refugees and 4,701 returnees have been\nregistered in the Vakaga prefecture, bordering Sudan. The Government of CAR and UNHCR have also\nregistered 656 Sudanese refugees who reached CAR transiting through Chad and moved onward\ntowards the town of Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 (prefecture of Bamingui-Bangoran). Arrivals have also been reported in the\ntown of Sam Ouandja (Haute-Kotto prefecture) and the city of Bambari (Ouaka prefecture) where\nUNHCR and the National Commission for Refugees ( _Commission Nationale pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s_, CNR)\nhave pre-registered 2,408 and 618 refugees respectively.)\n\n\nThe Government of CAR has maintained a favourable border policy regime since the beginning of the\ncrisis, granting access to territory to all people fleeing the conflict. CAR is a State Party to the 1951\nConvention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol as well as the 1969 OAU\nConvention. In a very welcomed development, on 19 August, the Government of CAR signed a Decree\ngranting refugee status on a _prima facie_ basis to all Sudanese nationals who have fled the violence in\ntheir country since April 2023.\n\n\nAccording to the results of protection monitoring activities conducted by UNHCR and partners, 77\npercent of households consulted upon arrival stated that they have not encountered difficulties in\naccessing the territory of CAR, while 33 percent reported some kind of impediment linked to demands\nfor identity documents, the imposition of illegal fees and the need to resort to smugglers due to lack of\ndocumentation. Most of these issues have been reported at and around the Am-Dafock border, the\nmain crossing point along the primary route from Sudan to CAR.\n\n\nSince the inception of the influx, the security situation in the Am-Dafock border area has remained\nextremely volatile. On the one hand, the proximity of the border to conflict areas inside Sudan, and the\nlawless situation in the region of South Darfur triggers a continuous risk of spill-over of the conflict and\nof infiltration of armed elements. On the other, the withdrawal, on 19 June, of the Tripartite Force CARSudan-Chad and the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the CAR (MINUSCA) has\nleft a security vacuum that further exposes civilians to security risks and have negative repercussions\non safe humanitarian access. For instance, at the end of May 2023, humanitarian personnel have been\ntargeted by unidentified armed elements on the route connecting the border with Birao.\n\n\nTo improve the safety of the newly arrived refugees, but also to improve the capacity to provide\ncontinuous assistance and services, UNHCR and other humanitarian partners, in coordination with the\nauthorities, have supported the voluntary relocation of the population from Am-Dafock inland into the\narea of Birao (Vakaga prefecture). Refugees are hosted in Korsi, a new neighbourhood of the northern\ncity of Birao. and a complex operation of onward transport has been undertaken during the past months.\nAs of 28 September, a total of1,825 individuals have been relocated to the new neighborhood called\nKorsi (70 percent women and children). As the roads connecting to Am-Dafock have become\nimpracticable since July, due to the rainy season, the assisted relocation exercise to Korsi has been\ntemporarily put on hold, although a process of self-organized relocation continues. While Birao and\nKorsi area have currently become the target areas of the humanitarian response, UNHCR and partners\nhave deployed some frontline staff in Am-Dafock to conduct protection monitoring at the border and\nprovide information on relocation opportunities and available services in relocation areas to new\narrivals.\n\n\nThe Government of CAR, has assumed a strong leadership in the coordination of the refugee response,\nsupported by UNHCR and in accordance with the modalities of the [Refugee Coordination Model in](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62634)\n[mixed situations. Since the beginning of the crisis, a new mechanism for coordination and response to](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/62634)\nthe crisis in Sudan has been set up. Specifically, weekly meetings are held in Birao with all the actors\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "testimonies", - "confidence": 0.8882179260253906, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection teams", - "confidence": 0.8110194206237793, - "start": 90, - "end": 92 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6193554401397705, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.8322237133979797, - "start": 134, - "end": 135 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Vakaga prefecture", - "confidence": 0.6822161674499512, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "involved in the response. Regular meetings are also organized in Bangui to coordinate the response,\nin coordination with the Cluster mechanisms at national and regional level.\n\n\nThe current priority protection activities include finalizing the individual registration of newly arrived\nrefugees, including through biometrics; awareness raising on and support for safe and voluntary\nrelocation away from border areas; identifying persons at heightened protection risk and in need of\nspecialized support; establishing mechanisms to effectively mitigate and respond to gender-based\nviolence and ensure child protection services, including alternative care arrangements for\nunaccompanied children. The overall response to people affected by the crisis in Sudan remains multisectoral, focusing on protection, education, food security, health, including mental health, nutrition,\nshelter and coverage of basic needs, as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Access to basic\nservices, particularly water and health, is a challenge for the whole region that pre-dates the current\ncrisis, with several refugee hosting areas also characterized by high levels of food insecurity.\n\n\nIt is important to note that in addition to the ongoing crisis, CAR is already hosting 514,547 internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) according to the latest data from the _Commission Mouvement de Populations_\n(CMP) of July 2023. Furthermore, it is estimated that some 2.1 million people are in a situation of acute\nfood insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or more). Among other regions, the sub-prefecture of Birao, which\ncontinues to receive most of the people affected by the crisis in Sudan, is projected to record high level\nof food insecurity (IPC Phase 4) in the period from September 2023 to March 2024. [3] The conflict in\nSudan and the rainy season exacerbated an already precarious socio-economic situation. Markets have\nalways experienced significant price variability depending on accessibility linked to road conditions and\non the security situation. However, the impact of the conflict in Sudan and the resulting disruption of the\ncross-border supply chain has led to significant increases in the prices of basic commodity or shortages\nof goods including in the refugee-hosting areas.\n### Key Trends & Figures\n\n\n_3_ Central African Republic: Acute Food Insecurity Situation April - August 2023 and Projection for September 2023 - March 2024\n\n_[https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1156361/?iso3=CAF](https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1156361/?iso3=CAF)_\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection risks\n\nFollowing the outbreak of the crisis in mid-April 2023 in Sudan, UNHCR and its partners have conducted\nregular protection monitoring activities in the main areas of arrival through its interagency and crossborder protection monitoring systems ( _Project 21_ ), as well as through a periodical direct presence at\nthe border areas in Am-Dafouk. Up to August 2023, a total of 975 households (69 percent refugees and\n31 percent refugees returnees) have been consulted in Birao (Vakaga prefecture), Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 (BaminguiBangoran prefecture) and Sam Ouandja (Haute-Kotto prefecture) to detect various protection risks and\nneeds, both those encountered during the journey and while crossing the border, as well as protection\nrisks and needs currently faced in the hosting community. UNHCR is further expanding protection\nmonitoring activities, including through the support of community-based structures and outreach\nmechanisms, in areas of refugee arrivals along the border, within the Korsi area in Birao, and in other\nkey locations where Sudanese refugees have settled such as Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 and Sam Ouandja cities.\n\n\n**Security and safety.** The safety and security of the newly arrived refugee population remains a\nparamount risk, particularly considering the overwhelming presence of women, children and older\nperson, and the significant number of individuals still residing in insecure border areas. A population\nalready significantly affected by the acute violence directly suffered or witnessed in areas of origin, and\nby episodes of harassment and extortion during their journey to safety, continues to be exposed to the\nrisk of attacks, sexual violence, forced recruitment due to their proximity to porous and non-securitised\nborder areas. At the same time, the remoteness of other settlement areas and the general weakness\nof rule of law mechanisms and law enforcement actors triggers physical protection risks also in other\nsettlement areas, equally affecting refugees, returnees, and residents. Since the beginning of the Sudan\ncrisis, consulted refugees, returnees and other displaced, have spontaneously disclosed some 920\nprotection incidents that took place in the main refugee hosting areas in the prefectures of Vakaga,\nBamingui-Bangoran and Haute-Kotto. About 23% of these incidents identified Sudanese refugees as\nvictims. [4] These incidents include attacks against life and physical integrity (27%), attacks against\nproperty (47%), Gender-based violence (24%), and physical violence. Several violations (approximately\n37% of incidents), are attributed to unidentified armed elements present along the border areas or on\nthe routes connecting Birao to the border and to other localities in the prefecture, where there is little or\nno presence of regular law enforcement and where public order is severely disrupted. The numbers of\nincidents reported may be an underestimation, since systematic monitoring visits were only extended\nto cover the most remote refugee-hosting areas in early June.\n\n\n**GBV.** Protection monitoring activities, safety audits and consultations through community-based\nstructures, have highlighted persistent occurrence of physical, sexual, psychological, and emotional\nviolence. Sexual violence linked to the conflict and instability in the country represents a continuous risk\nhighlighted by the respondents. The presence in insecure and lawless border areas of a refugee\npopulation largely consisting of women and children creates a fertile terrain for incidents of sexual\naggression reportedly perpetrated by armed groups. The absence of services and of a constant\nhumanitarian presence in several remote areas, including in Am-Dafock, hinder a precise appraisal of\nthe situation, possibly leading to an underestimation of the current trends.\n\n\nIn a country where GBV is endemic, and often perpetrated within families and communities, the situation\nis challenging also in other locations where refugees have settled. The frequent absence of male\nmembers of the household exposes the refugee population to renewed risk of GBV in the host\ncommunities. _Project 21_ highlighted that 46% of the respondent, largely represented by women,\nexpressed that they feel unsafe in the host community, notably during water or wood collection and\nwhen their community networks are not present. Initial reports of sexual assaults perpetrated in the\nKorsi area by local residents have started to emerge and are followed up through increased attention\ntowards mitigating measures and security in the site.\n\n\n_4 Protection monitoring activities document incidents affecting different categories of population in the coverage area. The remaining 70% of the_\n\n_victims are residents or IDPs._\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "systematic monitoring visits", - "confidence": 0.5596604347229004, - "start": 497, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.8383534550666809, - "start": 388, - "end": 390 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV risks are also stemming from weak self-reliance opportunities amongst newly arrived refugees.\nThe search for natural resources such as firewood and forage or shea fruit used in the production of\nmarketable products often drives women and girls to leave settlements and populated areas in Birao to\nventure towards more remote areas, increased risks of exposure to sexual assaults. In addition,\nProtection teams have detected the occurrence of harmful coping strategies, with instances of women\nand girls engaged in the sell and exchange of sex to meet their basic needs. Early marriages, already\npresence in the social fabric before the flight, is a phenomenon that starts to be observed. In this context,\naside GBV awareness and mitigation activities, the uninterrupted provision of food and other\nhumanitarian assistance, as well as investment in community-based self-reliance initiative benefitting\nwomen heading household is of paramount importance.\n\n\n**Child protection.** The presence of armed elements around the main areas of arrival in Am-Dafock\nrepresents a concrete risk for children to be recruited, particularly if unaccompanied or separated from\ntheir parents or previous legal or customary caregivers. Furthermore, the effect of the conflict on families\nand communities have exposed children to risks of abuse, violence and exploitation, and increased\nlevels of psychosocial distress. Identifying appropriate family-based care arrangements for\nunaccompanied children in the current context remains a further challenge.\n\n\nThe overall psychosocial well-being of children is seriously affected also by the lack of education. Within\nthe pre-registered refugee arrivals, 38 percent have been identified as children of school age (57\npercent girls). According to consultations with the newly arrived refugees ( _Project 21)_, 92 percent of the\nrespondent households confirmed that their children has been enrolled in schools while in Sudan. While\nin the relocation site in Birao, education activities have started, access to education remains disrupted\nfor the high percentage of children who have not yet been relocated and remain at the border. Lack of\naccess to education and other forms of childcare and support to well-being, coupled with the situation\nof deprivation and lack of humanitarian assistance may further expose refugee children to associated\nprotection risks. According to _Project 21_, 22 percent of the consulted households have highlighted the\nrisks of child labour, forced marriage and unwanted pregnancies.\n\n### Key elements of the protection response\n\n\nContinuous individual registration and biometric enrolment. Since the influx, UNHCR has ensured an\ninitial pre-registration at the border to determine the size of the arriving population. This initial activity is\ncurrently followed by a process of individual registration through biometric enrolment for all Sudanese\nrefugees, similarly to other groups living in other areas of CAR.\n\n\nBetween 10 May and 15 June, the CNR, UNHCR and partners have been present in Am-Dafock to\nreceive, identify, pre-register, and provide life-saving support to people fleeing Sudan. This temporary\nsite, located at approximately one kilometre from the border and in the proximity to the military\ncontingent of the MINUSCA, initially guaranteed some level of mitigation to the most immediate physical\nsecurity risks. The biometric registration and document delivery started at the border. However, due to\nthe subsequent withdrawal of MINUSCA and the logistic constraints with the inception of the rainy\nseason, the activity has continued in the town of Birao. As of 28 September 2023, some 2,492\nhouseholds (9,310 individuals) have been biometrically registered the Vakaga prefecture. Biometric\nregistration in other prefectures will begin in early October.\n\n\nRegistration of refugees, and the related issuance of individual documentation, represents an essential\noperational step to plan humanitarian assistance and services, but it represents also a critical protection\ntool to guarantee identity, prevention of _refoulement_, freedom of movement, and as one of the initial\nsteps to identify persons with specific protection needs.\n\n\nIn parallel, UNHCR continues to invest and organise capacity-development activities for CAR asylum\nauthorities to reinforce the institutional response and asylum system.\n\n\n**Relocation** . To mitigate safety and security risks of the newly arrived refugees, a voluntary relocation\nprocess was launched on 26 May from the border area of Am-Dafock to Korsi, in the town of Birao. The\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "infrastructure and services in the site have been rapidly scaled up to support a multisector response,\nwhich includes shelter, WASH and the provision of food and non- food items, nutrition and health\nservices as well as protection services, including child protection services (recreational spaces,\npsychosocial support, family tracing and reunification) and activities to reinforce GBV mitigation and\nresponse.\n\n\nThe relocation exercise was preceded by a sensitisation campaign with the newly arrived communities\non the scope and importance of the move as a security safeguard, is modalities, as well as information\ncampaigns in the destination areas, to reinforce community acceptance. On 15 June, humanitarian\noperations supporting the relocation were suspended due to the deterioration of roads following the\nstart of the rainy season as well as due to the absence of national security forces and MINUSCA at\ndeparture in Am-Dafock and along the routes. Despite this challenge, Sudanese refugees continued to\narrive to the Korsi area by their own means. In this location, UNHCR and its partners support the CNR\nin monitoring, reception and registration of new arrivals. As of 28 September, some 1,852 individuals\nhave relocated from Am-Dafock to the Korsi area in Birao (Vakaga prefecture). Mirroring the\ncomposition upon arrival, 68 per cent of the relocated Sudanese refugees are women and children.\n\n\nTo date, the CNR and UNHCR partners continue to organise awareness sessions to inform both the\ndisplaced population and the host communities about the importance of relocation from the border to\nsafer inland locations. One of the main observed challenges to the process is the emotional pressure\nthat partners still remaining in Sudan exercise over female refugees resulting in their resistance to be\nrelocated in the absence of the male head of the family.\n\n\nWhile at the time of issuance of this brief road conditions still do not allow the continuation of the\nrelocation, it is expected that the operation will resume at the end of the rainy season in October or\nNovember.\n\n\n_New arrivals collect water at the UNHCR-supported Korsi area, near Birao (Vakaga prefecture). UNHCR/Josselin_\n_Bremau_\n\n**Preserving the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and of refugee sites** . The unstable\nsecurity situation in the Prefectures Sudanese refugees have arrived, as well as the porosity of the\nborder between CAR and Sudan in these remote areas, have triggered significant risks of infiltration\nand presence of armed elements, linked to the fighting ongoing in Sudan. The presence of armed\nelements has been detected since the end of May in Am-Dafock. In addition, according to findings of\nprotection monitoring, the RSF and affiliated armed elements patrol and control the Sudan side of Am\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dafock and neighboring villages, regularly pillaging essential goods such as food, livestock, and\nvehicles/motorbikes. This risk may extend also to refugee settlement and sites further away from the\nborder. As a central part of its advocacy efforts to promote the safety and security of the civilian\npopulation, including refugees, since the inception of the crisis and in cooperation with other\nhumanitarian actors, UNHCR has raised the awareness of the CAR authorities on the importance of\npreserving the civilian character of the refugee movements and of the sites where they settle, including\nby calling for the identification and separation of armed elements.\n\n**GBV response.** Together with partners, in the context of the refugee response, UNHCR has initiated\nand reinforced GBV mitigation and response activities targeted to the areas of Birao, in order to offer\ntimely and quality services to GBV survivors. Mirroring other initiatives already in place in other areas\nof the country for the response to internal displacement, current interventions include a medical\nresponse and follow-up in confidential spaces within the Korsi area; a psychosocial response, at\nindividual as well as at community level; the provision of dignity and menstrual hygiene kits; local\nawareness-raising campaigns, extended also to men and adolescent boys; the establishment of two\n\u201c _Ma Mbi Si_ listening centres\u201d and safe spaces for women and girls (in Korsi and Birao town). In addition,\nreferral pathways for survivors in and outside the camp have been updated and strengthened and\ncapacity-development activities are regularly organised with GBV case managers and community\nleaders.\n\n**Child protection.** To effectively shape a response to child protection issues, including neglect, abuse,\nand various forms of violence, in the Korsi area and in the host community of the Vakaga prefecture\nUNHCR and partners conducted child protection risks assessments, to better gauge the overall wellbeing of children, detect psychosocial support needs, understand the situation of children separated\nfrom their families to determine the needs for alternative care arrangements.\n\nUNHCR partners have set up a child-friendly space in the Korsi area and another in the host community\nin Birao to enhance children's safety; to provide emotional and psychological support and restore\nchildren well-being; and as an available entry point for access to information, identification of children\nat risk, and referral to support services. In the child-friendly spaces, recreational activities are also\ncarried out on a regular basis.\n\n\nChild survivors of GBV also benefit from various GBV response services including through case\nmanagement. GBV partners organize awareness-raising sessions with the community and sensitize\ncommunity representatives about the risks involved in early marriages. UNHCR partners also conduct\nBest Interests Procedure for individual children at heightened risk and, depending on the need\nidentified, refer them to international and local humanitarian partners for expert support, including\npsychosocial care (INTERSOS), health assistance (NOURRIR, Doctors Without Borders, International\nMedical Corps or the local health district). Cooperation on referral of cases of unaccompanied children\nis established with the ICRC for family tracing services.\n\n\n**Strengthening community-based structures.** In Vakaga prefecture, where Birao town and its\nneighborhood Korsi is located, UNHCR and partners have facilitated the creation of a community\nprotection network consisting of 30 community representatives (of which 5 refugees) and 227 protection\ncommittee members (of which 10 refugees) with a diversified composition reflecting age, gender and\ndiversity in membership. To date, two sessions have been organized to promote dialogue and peaceful\ncoexistence between the refugees and the local community in Birao. A mapping of local community\nstructures has also been undertaken and support will be provided to selected local women's\nassociations in the host community in the form of contractual arrangements. Amongst other initiatives,\nthese local associations are engaged in community awareness activities for GBV prevention and\nresponse and empowerment of refugee women to promote ensure greater inclusion, engagement and\navenues for conflict resolution. Challenges in adequate presence and resources have so far limited\nthese promising initiatives to the sole areas of Birao, without the possibility to extend efforts to\nstrengthen community-based structures to other neighbouring areas where Sudanese refugees have\nsettled, such as in the towns of Sam Ouandja, Nd\u00e9l\u00e9 and Bambari.\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Challenges & Opportunities\n\nUNHCR has a long and close collaboration with the CNR, as the main institution responsible for the\nmanagement of refugee affairs and one of its main strategic partners already before the Sudanese\ncrisis. This cooperation, together with other governmental partners, has facilitated the recognition on\nAugust 19 of a _prima facie_ status to the newly arrived Sudanese refugees, as well as the relocation of\nthe affected population to safer and better serviced areas, contributing to a more effective and timely\nresponse and a gradual process towards self-reliance. The recent visit of a high-level governmental\ndelegation to the Vakaga prefecture highlighted the strong engagement of the national authorities in the\nrefugee response, while also underlining the quest for more humanitarian and development-oriented\narea-based support to some of the most impoverished regions of the Central African Republic.\n\n\nAccess to the border town of Am-Dafock represents a severe challenge due to the poor road conditions\nand the very volatile security situation. The inception of the rainy season has rendered the roads\nimpracticable, as the border area is flood prone and access to Am-Dafock remains only possible by air.\nIn addition, the withdrawal of MINUSCA forces from the border around Am-Dafock on June 18 has\nfurther jeopardised the safe access to the area for humanitarians. As a result, the relocation operation\nhad to be suspended, together with most of the humanitarian response activities.\n\n\nIn addition, extremely poor communication infrastructure and network connection, with communication\nonly possible via satellite phone, has heavily affected the possibility for remote monitoring of the\nsituation at the border, including detecting new arrival trends and the needs of the population. While\ncommunity-based monitors remain active and a minimal presence of local partners\u2019 staff continues, any\ninformation on the evolving situation can only be relayed periodically with in-person travel to Birao, if\nthe security and road conditions allow. In these circumstances, the continuous presence of refugees at\nthe border remains a serious humanitarian concern.\n\n### Key messages\n\n\n - UNHCR commends the Government of CAR for maintaining access to its territory for people fleeing\nthe conflict in Sudan and welcomes the recent Decree granting prima facie refugee status to\nSudanese nationals who have fled the violence in their country since April 2023.\n\n\n - The Government of CAR is exhorted to continue efforts in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian\ncharacter of asylum and of refugee hosting sites, by securing the border areas and by putting in\nplace the necessary measures to ensure the identification and separation of combatants from the\ncivilian population.\n\n\n - Authorities are encouraged to ensure the continued and safe access to asylum for civilians fleeing\nfrom Sudan, and to guarantee safe and unimpeded access to humanitarian organisations for the\nprovision of protection services and multi-sectoral assistance in all locations where refugees are\nsettled.\n\n\n - UNHCR welcomes the efforts of the Government of CAR in responding to the needs of refugees\nand refugee returnees from Sudan. The Government is encouraged to continue to reinforce the\ncapacity of the national and local authorities in charge of managing the refugee response under\ntheir respective competencies as well as in creating opportunities for the integration of refugees\ninto national services.\n\n\n - UNHCR welcomes the collaboration and coordination with MINUSCA, UN sister agencies and\ninternational and local NGOs and the ongoing efforts in pooling all available resources to respond\nto the refugee crisis in the country. UNHCR exhorts donors to increase their support for the overall\nhumanitarian response in CAR, currently severely underfunded.\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Funding falls woefully short of meeting the most fundamental life-saving protection requirements.\n[42.6 million USD is required for the overall response in CAR under the Refugee Response Plan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103175)\n(RRP) for the Sudan situation, of which some 8 million USD needed under to scale up lifesaving\nprotection interventions, including registration, protection monitoring, community engagement and\nmobilisation, GBV prevention and response interventions, activities to support the well-being of\nchildren and to address the needs of other refugees and returnees in vulnerable situations.\n\n\n - UNHCR welcomes the generosity of the CAR authorities and the local population in receiving\nrefugees from neighbouring Sudan and in sharing resources to support their initial survival.\nConsidering the long-lasting crisis affecting the whole country, and in a spirit of burden sharing, it\nis critical that additional development-oriented resources can also be mobilised and adequately\ninvested in refugee hosting areas and in areas of refugees and IDP return, to support and improve\nservices, infrastructures, and livelihood opportunities to the benefit of the whole population.\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/453b8ef6-c34e-4318-9747-569c011ae3b9/Protection%20brief%20Soudan%20situation%20CAR%20septembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_569/raw/doc_569_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_569/raw/doc_569_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3cac19384bd672e33dbb6e2c7fc60f10ca9dd2bd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_569/raw/doc_569_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **_Protection et Hygi\u00e8ne menstruelle_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ace1d299-2f38-4092-94f6-526c0609edb2/Protection%20et%20Hygi%C3%A8ne%20menstruelle%202023_Mopti.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au Mali la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e interne compte pr\u00e8s de 375.539 [i] individus repartis au sein de 78.434\n\nm\u00e9nages compos\u00e9s de 54% de femme et de filles. Les r\u00e9gions du centre accueillent un total de 161.576\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dont 73.242 pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 Mopti. Ces populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des\nrisques accrus de protection dus \u00e0 de multiples facteurs tels que la persistance des tensions\nintercommunautaires, la pr\u00e9sence et les attaques successifs des groupes arm\u00e9s autour et dans les villes\net villages de leurs localit\u00e9s de provenance.\n\n\nEn mati\u00e8re de protection, les femmes ainsi que les filles sont plus vuln\u00e9rables en raison des r\u00f4les\n\ntraditionnellement impartis aux genres\n\n_**370 femmes consult\u00e9es soit 237**_ _femmes et_ _**133**_ _jeunes filles_ dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, aux normes sociales\n_consult\u00e9es dans 12 sites de PDI de Mopti : Horoguinde, walirde,_ mais \u00e9galement en raison de certains\n_socoura annexe Hamadoun dicko, barbe plateau, barbe 1&2, sirifi_ besoins sp\u00e9cifiques peu pris en compte\n_1, sirifiri 2, medica coura, Socoura site officiel, Takouti, sarema et_ et souvent difficiles \u00e0 adresser dans le\n_site familles Minta._\n\ncontexte du d\u00e9placement tels que\nl\u2019hygi\u00e8ne menstruelle qui est une\nprobl\u00e9matique particuli\u00e8rement importante pour ces femmes et filles car li\u00e9e directement au maintien du\nrespect de leur dignit\u00e9, ainsi qu'\u00e0 leur capacit\u00e9 d'autonomisation.\n\n\nCet aspect doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre au c\u0153ur de la programmation des activit\u00e9s des acteurs de Protection et de\n\nleur engagement \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des femmes et des filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de\nforce (qu\u2019elles soient PDI ou r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es).\n\n\nDans un souci d\u2019obtenir des donn\u00e9es sur le type de protections utilis\u00e9es pour le recueil des flux menstruels,\nsur la perception de la communaut\u00e9, les besoins ainsi que les pratiques en p\u00e9riode menstruelle le cluster\nProtection avec l\u2019appui d\u2019IMADEL, IMC, UNFPA, CIAUD CANADA, UNHCR, WOLRDVISION, COOPI,\nAMSODE, ODI SAHEL, AMSS, APDF, DRPF et ACEF MALI a organis\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9change avec un\n\u00e9chantillon de 370 femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au sein de 12 sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Mopti le 24 mai 2023.\n\n# **_R\u00e9sultat des discussions_**\n\n\n_Lors des discussions, plusieurs aspects sont ressortis certains sont communs \u00e0 toutes les femmes et_\n_filles alors que d'autres sont plus sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chacune de ces cat\u00e9gories._\n\n\n1) L\u2019ensemble des femmes et des filles interrog\u00e9es ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 ne pas souvent aborder ce sujet au\n\nsein de leurs diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s et en famille en raison des consid\u00e9rations culturelles qui\ny sont rattach\u00e9es. Les jeunes filles re\u00e7oivent quelques orientations de leurs ain\u00e9es lors des\npremiers signes d\u2019apparition du cycle menstruel sans trop de pr\u00e9cision et de conseils pratiques.\nCes femmes ont \u00e9galement partag\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019en ces p\u00e9riodes elles observaient quelques\nrestrictions sociales \u00e0 savoir l\u2019interdiction de dormir dans le lit conjugal, de pr\u00e9parer le repas pour\nleurs \u00e9poux, de manger avec le reste de la famille, de prier et de participer \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s\ncollectives (aupr\u00e8s d\u2019autres femmes). Un groupe de femme a partag\u00e9 ne pas vouloir se rendre\naux points d\u2019eaux en cette p\u00e9riode car elles ne se sentent pas pures, ni propres pour se m\u00ealer\naux autres femmes.\n\n2) **Acc\u00e8s aux protections p\u00e9riodiques** : ces femmes ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019elles ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 \u00e0 maintes\n\nreprises de protection hygi\u00e9niques (jetables et r\u00e9utilisables) \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rentes organisations\nhumanitaires intervenant \u00e0 Mopti. Elles ont, (apr\u00e8s utilisation des deux types de protection) une\npr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les tissus lavables et r\u00e9utilisables, qu\u2019elles trouvent plus adapt\u00e9s, avantageux et\ndurables m\u00eame s\u2019ils ne sont pas souvent tr\u00e8s absorbants et contiennent difficilement les fuites.\n\n\n3) Les jeunes filles quant \u00e0 elles, pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent celles jetables qu\u2019elles trouvent plus confortables et\n\npratiques. Leur prix varie entre 500-750 F CFA ce qui repr\u00e9sente une charge mensuelle\nadditionnelle et lourde pour la plupart des m\u00e9nages ; les tissus lavables est donc plus adapt\u00e9 \u00e0\nleur contexte actuel selon leurs propos ;\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ace1d299-2f38-4092-94f6-526c0609edb2/Protection%20et%20Hygi%C3%A8ne%20menstruelle%202023_Mopti.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Quelques femmes n\u2019ayant jamais b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de ces distributions \u00e0 Mopti ont partag\u00e9 s\u2019\u00eatre_\n_contenter des morceaux de tissus ramass\u00e9s sur les tas d\u2019ordures \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de leurs sites._\n\n\n**4)** **Gestion de l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne mensuelle** : selon les propos recueillis aupr\u00e8s des femmes et des filles il\n\nest tr\u00e8s difficile pour elles de g\u00e9rer sainement cette p\u00e9riode pour de multiples raisons ;\n\n\n\n_**L\u2019acc\u00e8s**_ _**limit\u00e9**_\n_**aux services de**_\n_**bases telle que**_\n_**l\u2019eau propre, les**_\n_**installations**_\n_**sanitaires et les**_\n_**fournitures**_\n_**d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne**_ _**ne**_\n_**permettent pas**_\n_**aux femmes et**_\n_**filles**_ _**d\u2019avoir**_\n_**une**_ _**gestion**_\n_**saine**_ _**et**_\n_**hygi\u00e9nique**_ _**de**_\n_**pendant**_ _**leur**_\n_**cycle menstruel**_\n\n\n\n\n- **Manque d\u2019espace sur les sites** : elles ont peu d\u2019espace personnel car vivant en\n\npromiscuit\u00e9 avec leur famille et la communaut\u00e9, elles ne peuvent exposer leurs effets\nintimes et tissus (pour s\u00e9chage) et sont tr\u00e8s souvent oblig\u00e9 de les enterrer, de les br\u00fbler\n(en cas de manque d\u2019eau), ou exceptionnellement de les jeter dans les latrines qui sont\npour la plupart d\u00e9j\u00e0 remplies.\nPar prudence, certaines, interrog\u00e9es pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent \u00e9taler leurs morceaux de tissus lav\u00e9s dans\nun coin de leur tente et les recouvrir avec un autre habit pour mieux les dissimuler ;\n\n- **Non-respect de l\u2019utilisation des installations du site** : dans la configuration des\n\nsites/espace, il est construit des latrines et des douches distinctes/ s\u00e9par\u00e9es, cependant\nla s\u00e9paration est peu respect\u00e9e par les familles qui y r\u00e9sident. Les latrines et douches\nsont \u00e0 usage commune et ne garantissent aucune s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les femmes/filles qui sont\noblig\u00e9es d\u2019attendre la nuit tomb\u00e9e pour s\u2019y rendre ;\n\n- **Absence ou insuffisance d\u2019eau et de savon** : pendant la p\u00e9riode menstruelle les\n\nfemmes/filles consomment beaucoup d\u2019eau et de savon, utilis\u00e9s pour leurs toilettes et\nlessive. \u00c0 Mopti, le prix d\u2019un morceau de savon varie entre 125 et 300 F CFA, sans\naccompagnement socio\u00e9conomique il reste difficile pour elle de s\u2019en procurer\nfr\u00e9quemment en particulier en raison du contexte de d\u00e9placement actuel les privant de\nleurs biens et de leurs moyens certaines familles subviennent difficilement \u00e0 leurs\nbesoins. Le minimum de revenus disponibles est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e9vu pour couvrir les\nbesoins alimentaires des familles.\nD\u2019autre part, la r\u00e9gion observe \u00e9galement pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che beaucoup de\ncoupures d\u2019eau ce qui ne facilite pas l\u2019approvisionnement de ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les obligent\n\u00e0 utiliser l\u2019eau du fleuve pour leurs besoins domestiques et intimes provoquant diverses\ninfections.\n\n\n# **_Recommandations_**\n\nPendant leurs cycles menstruels, les femmes et les filles sont sujettes \u00e0 diverses restrictions qui\npeuvent \u00eatre d\u2019ordre religieuses, sociales, culturelles, conjugales et socio-\u00e9conomiques. Ce sont des\nobstacles qui les emp\u00eachent d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9panouies et de vivre sainement ces p\u00e9riodes. Pour adresser et\nrelever ces difficult\u00e9s il est important d\u2019int\u00e9grer cette probl\u00e9matique au plan de r\u00e9ponse Humanitaire\net il conviendra particuli\u00e8rement de :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|N|Recommandations|Responsable|\n|---|---|---|\n|01|Engager des discussions avec tous les autres clusters en particulier les clusters,
WASH, \u00e9ducation et Sant\u00e9 afin de relever les diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9fis communiqu\u00e9s par
les femmes ;|Cluster
protection|\n|02|Proc\u00e9der aux vidanges et a l\u2019assainissement des latrines sur les sites ;|Cluster Wash|\n|
03|R\u00e9habiliter les installations sanitaires install\u00e9es sur les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s
(augmenter le nombre de latrines, r\u00e9habiliter celles d\u00e9fectueuses et y rajouter un
syst\u00e8me de verrouillage interne)|
Cluster Wash|\n|04|Am\u00e9liorer le suivi sanitaire et gyn\u00e9cologique des femmes dans le besoin ;
|Cluster Sante|\n|05|Faciliter des sessions \u00e9ducatives aux femmes/filles sur l\u2019impact d\u2019une mauvaise
gestion de l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne menstruelle sur la sant\u00e9 reproductive|SCVBG/cluster
sante|\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ace1d299-2f38-4092-94f6-526c0609edb2/Protection%20et%20Hygi%C3%A8ne%20menstruelle%202023_Mopti.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|06|Faciliter des sessions de sensibilisation des femmes/filles sur la gestion saine des
p\u00e9riodes menstruelles (pratiques saines \u00e0 promouvoir etc\u2026)|Cluster sante|\n|---|---|---|\n|08|Soutenir l\u2019autonomisation des femmes \u00e0 travers des activit\u00e9s collectives
g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus ;|_Clusters_|\n|09|Organiser des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation aupr\u00e8s de la communaut\u00e9 pour lutter
contre la \u00ab stigmatisation \u00bb attach\u00e9e au cycle menstruel ;|SCVBG|\n|10|Fournir des kits hygi\u00e9niques aux femmes : eau, javel, savon et savon en poudre|_Clusters_|\n\n# **_Quelques photos d\u2019illustrations ;_**\n\n_**Mai 2023**_\n\n\ni DTM Avril 2023\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ace1d299-2f38-4092-94f6-526c0609edb2/Protection%20et%20Hygi%C3%A8ne%20menstruelle%202023_Mopti.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_57/raw/doc_57_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_57/raw/doc_57_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 79e5b5002e14ebffb3092b923a6f6e12f4275702..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_57/raw/doc_57_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Background\n\n\n## OBJECTIVES\n\nStudy a select number of\nprotracted refugee populations\nin Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and\nDRC and assess their risk of\nstatelessness arising from\nprolonged exile.\n\n\nDevelop recommendations for\nlocal integration pathways that\nmitigate risks of statelessness\nand ensure the realization of the\nright to a nationality, including\naccess to legal identity\ndocumentation, in support of\ndurable solutions.\n\n\nInform the development of a\ncomprehensive durable solutions\nstrategy for forcibly displaced\npersons, including refugees in the\nGreat Lakes region.\n\n\n\nThe Great Lakes sub-region is characterized by a number of\nprotracted refugee situations. In some situations, several\ngenerations of refugees have been born in exile in their country\nof asylum. Statelessness canaarise as both a cause and\nconsequence of displacement, particularly for forcibly displaced\npopulations who have spent a prolonged time in exile. In some\ninstances, refugees have lost their ties with their country of\norigin, are unable to prove their legal ties to their country of\norigin, or might no longer be considered citizens by their\ncountry of origin, and remain without guaranteed access to the\ncitizenship of their country of asylum and thus might be at risk\nof statelessness.\n\n\nIn the spirit of the 2019 Munyonyo Outcome Document of the\n[2019 High Level Conference of Ministers in Charge of Refugees](https://ungreatlakes.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/outcome_document.pdf)\nin the Great Lakes, this study, undertaken by the International\nConference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) with the\nsupport of UNHCR, aims at exploring local integration for\nrefugees. It focuses on those living in protracted situations, for\nwhom voluntary return to the country of origin, or resettlement\nor complementary pathways to a third country are not viable or\navailable options, and who may also be at risk of statelessness.\n\n\n\nThe selected pilot countries serving as case studies for this regional research include Tanzania, Uganda, DRC,\nand Rwanda. Among these pilot countries, a selected number of protracted refugee situations will be studied,\nwho will be further narrowed down based on length of stay in the country of asylum, risks of statelessness,\nand prospects for durable solutions, including potential for local integration in light of the pledges made at\nthe 2019 High-Level Segment on Statelessness and 2019 Global Refugee Forum. More specifically, these will\ncomprise the following refugee protracted groups whose members have spent more than 10-15 years and\nabove in exile : (i) Congolese refugees in Rwanda, (ii) 1972 Burundian refugees in Tanzania, (iii) Rwandan\nrefugees in DRC, as well as (iv) Congolese and South Sudanese refugees in Uganda.\n\n\n[The 2019 Munyonyo Outcome Document emphasizes that \u201csuccessful local integration requires legal stay](https://ungreatlakes.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/outcome_document.pdf)\narrangements, freedom of movement of refugees on the national territory in conformity with the law of the\nhost country, and inclusion of refugees in national services and systems ( \u2026 )\u201d combined with \u201caccess to legal\nidentity documentation, including birth registration\u201d.\n\n\nFindings from the study will inform the implementation of some of the 58 pledges made by the ICGLR\n[Executive Secretariat and the 12 ICGLR Member States at the High-Level Segment on Statelessness and the](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/high-level-segment-on-statelessness-results-and-highlights/)\n[Global Refugee Forum in 2019. These pledges include important commitments to strengthen data on](https://www.unhcr.org/5ecd458c4.pdf)\nstateless persons and at-risk of statelessness in the region, and to explore prospects for durable solutions.\n[The study will help to advance regional and continental initiatives towards achieving the goals of the 2017](https://www.refworld.org/docid/59e9cb8c4.html)\n[Brazzaville Declaration, and its Consolidated Action Plan on the Eradication of Statelessness in the Great](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/73439)\n[Lakes Region; Agenda 2030, particularly Target 16.9. of the Sustainable Development Goals on legal identity](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/73439)\n[and promotes the objectives and spirit of the 2 063 Agenda of the African Union.](https://au.int/en/agenda2063/overview)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98869c22-6038-369f-b8f4-679b70ef93a7/21%2007%2021%20Overview%20Sheet%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Regional Advisory Group\n\nrefugees, statelessness, and citizenship.\n\n\nreport.\n\n\nLakes region.\n\n## Regional Study Process Expected Outcomes and Impact\n\n\nThe study will contribute to greater awareness of the causes, specific risk profiles and scale of\nstatelessness arising from protracted refugee situations in countries of asylum in Great Lakes.\n\n\nThe findings of the study will contribute to improve the overall situation of refugees in prolonged exile as\npart of finding durable solutions, by developing concrete recommendations for local integration with\nsustainable alternative legal status in host countries to mitigate risk of statelessness, realize the right to a\n[nationality and ensure access to proof of legal identity in line with S DG Target 16.9.](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-16-09-01.pdf)\n\n\nThe analysis and recommendations will further inform the development of a comprehensive strategy on\ndurable solutions for forcibly displaced persons including refugees in the Great Lakes,supporting the\neffortsof the ICGRL Member States to address protracted refugee situations and risks of statelessness,\nwhich arise from prolonged exile\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98869c22-6038-369f-b8f4-679b70ef93a7/21%2007%2021%20Overview%20Sheet%20EN.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_570/raw/doc_570_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_570/raw/doc_570_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e20ca9c02d82e96d716d180117f67d65d713ec0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_570/raw/doc_570_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,807 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS,** **PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF** **REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE**\n\nRegional Protection Analysis #2\nHungary, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia\n\n\n**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe** APRIL 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Contents**\n\n\nExecutive summary\b 3\n\nContext \b 5\n\nMethodology\b 6\n\nDemographic profiles\b 7\n\nDisplacement patterns \b 8\n\nAccess to territory and temporary protection\b 9\n\nAccess to documentation\b 12\n\nThe protection situation of persons with specific needs \b 13\n\nAccess to rights in host countries\b 16\n\nUrgent needs \b 22\n\nInformation needs\b 23\n\n\n**Acknowledgements**\n\nData used in this report was collected as part of Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercises led by UNHCR in\nHungary, the Republic of Moldova (in partnership with Charity Center for Refugees, Law Center for Advocates,\nINTERSOS and REACH), Poland (in partnership with REACH until December 2022), Romania (in partnership with\nRomanian National Council for Refugees and REACH) and Slovakia (in partnership with Human Rights League,\nMareena, People in Need, REACH and Slovak Humanitarian Council).\n\nWe are grateful for the extensive involvement and support of UNHCR\u2019s partners, local authorities, civil society,\ninternational organizations and donors. Most importantly, UNHCR would like to acknowledge the resilience and\nstrength of refugees from Ukraine, who continue to share with us their challenges, fears and hopes.\n\n\n**Contact us**\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nData, Identity Management and Analysis Unit (DIMA)\nProtection Unit\nEmail: rbeext@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Cover photograph:**\n\nRepublic of Moldova: Ukrainian refugee, Svetlana, 83, settles into her accommodation at MoldExpo, a specially\nconverted exhibition centre, in Chisinau, alongside her son Andre. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n**2** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Executive summary\n\n##### **Key findings**\n\n\n\n**Households including at**\n**least one individual with a**\n### **1**\n**specific need have higher levels**\n**of socio-economic vulnerability.**\n22% of households contain at\nleast one member with a specific\nneed. These households\nencounter difficulties meeting\ntheir needs in host countries,\nleading to increased protection\nrisks and potential influence on\nreturn decisions, even in suboptimal conditions in Ukraine.\n\n\n**10% of respondents will**\n**need to find new**\n### **4**\n**accommodation in less than**\n**three months, mainly due to the**\n**termination of free**\n**accommodation programmes.**\nAccess to longer-term\naccommodation remains a key\nchallenge in the Ukraine refugee\nresponse, limiting access to rights\nincluding education, work, and\nsocial services and increasing\nvulnerability to protection risks\nsuch as exploitation and human\ntrafficking.\n\n\n\n**Barriers to employment**\n**and underemployment**\n### **2**\n**continue to be reported.** While\n27% of respondents are\nemployed, many are in low-paying\njobs that do not match their\nqualifications, and 9% work in the\ninformal sector, exposing them to\nprotection risks and leaving them\nwithout social insurance.\nLanguage barriers, limited job\nopportunities, limited childcare\nand non-recognition of\nqualifications contribute to these\nchallenges.\n\n\n\n**25% of refugee households**\n**lack at least one civil status**\n### **3**\n**or identity document, 30% of**\n**whom are unable to obtain a**\n**replacement in host countries.**\nVulnerable groups, such as older\npersons, appear less able to\nreplace missing documentation.\nMissing documents affects\nrefugees\u2019 access to rights,\nincreases risks of statelessness\nand may create barriers to return\nwhen conditions permit. Whilst\nUkrainian authorities are taking\nsteps to address the issue,\nchallenges persist, including due\nto high demand and missing\nsupporting documents.\n\n\n\n**Refugees continue to face**\n**barriers in accessing social**\n### **5**\n**assistance.** Restrictive\ninterpretations of the Temporary\nProtection Directive, insufficient\ncapacities and waiting times all\nlimit access. Historical barriers\nsuch as lack of information,\nlanguage barriers, lack of\ndocumentation and discrimination\nalso hinder accessibility.\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Key recommendations**\n\n\n\n**Whilst commendable efforts**\n**have been made to include**\n### **1**\n**refugees from Ukraine in**\n**national systems, it is crucial that**\n**the most vulnerable are not left**\n**behind.** Systematic identification\nof persons at heightened risk at\nan early stage is key to supporting\naccess to healthcare, education,\nemployment and vocational\ntraining opportunities and other\nforms of social assistance.\n\n\n**Transitions from**\n**emergency**\n### **4**\n**accommodation to longer term**\n**solutions must be carefully**\n**managed, particularly for**\n**vulnerable individuals.** Mapping\nvulnerable groups which may be\nmost impacted by these\ntransitions and ensuring their\ncontinued inclusion in\naccommodation programmes or\nproviding bridging support whilst\ntheir inclusion in employment and\nnational systems is pursued will\nbe key to mitigating potential risks\nwhich may rise.\n\n\n\n**Access to decent work**\n**remains a key need.**\n### **2**\nExisting barriers to decent\nemployment need to be\naddressed - upskilling courses,\nintensive language training and\nfacilitating skills recognition will\nhelp facilitate transition into\nsustainable employment\ncommensurate with a person\u2019s\neducation level. Refugees also\nrequire systematic access to\ninformation about their rights and\nentitlements in the labour market,\nincluding how to identify\npotentially exploitative labour\npractices.\n\n\n\n**Addressing barriers to**\n**social protection**\n### **5**\n**programmes continues to be**\n**vital to meet refugees\u2019 basic**\n**needs and support protection**\n**outcomes as humanitarian**\n**resources diminish.** Short-term\nsolutions include technical\nassistance, development\ncooperation and monitoring\ninclusion. Longer-term solutions\ninclude strengthening social\nsecurity agreements and\nportability mechanisms between\nUkraine and refugee-hosting\ncountries and developing scalable\nsocial assistance mechanisms as\npart of contingency planning.\n\n\n\n**Refugees\u2019 access to civil**\n**status and identity**\n### **3**\n**documents in host countries**\n**requires further support.** Groups\nat heightened risk including older\npersons and persons with\ndisabilities require additional\nsupport to access services for\nreplacing documentation.\n\n\n\n**States require support to**\n**further develop capacities**\n### **6**\n**in housing, social assistance,**\n**education and other areas** - not\nonly for the benefit of refugees\nfrom Ukraine, but for all in need of\nthese services.\n\n\n\n**4** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Context\n\n\n\nThe war in Ukraine has caused millions of people to\nflee, with over 4.9 million registering for temporary\nor equivalent national protection schemes in\nEurope.\n\n\nSince the onset of the crisis, UNHCR has been\nclosely monitoring the protection situation of\nrefugees from Ukraine and has conducted studies\non the implementation of the Temporary Protection\nDirective (TPD), alongside establishing protection\n\n\n\nOctober 2022 and mid-February 2023. This report\nanalyses this data, alongside results of focus group\ndiscussions with refugee communities and data\nfrom other exercises conducted by UNHCR and\npartners (border monitoring data, intentions surveys,\nMulti Sector Needs Assessments). The results are\nintended to provide an update on the results of\nUNHCR\u2019s [2022 protection monitoring report](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447) on the\nsituation of refugees from Ukraine, as well as a\npartial update of UNHCR\u2019s report [\u2018The](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Temporary Protection\nDirective", - "confidence": 0.6401287317276001, - "start": 70, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9091385006904602, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8311407566070557, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5780047178268433, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions surveys", - "confidence": 0.5196343064308167, - "start": 116, - "end": 118 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9511168599128723, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7159388065338135, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Methodology\n\n\n\nUNHCR conducts protection monitoring to\nsystematically gather information on the challenges\nfacing refugees and other populations of concern.\nProtection monitoring allows UNHCR to conduct\nevidence-based programming and advocacy, based\non the experiences and perspectives of refugee\ncommunities.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners implemented a Protection\nProfiling and Monitoring exercise to regularly collect\nand analyze data about the protection situation of\nrefugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over\ntime. Interviews are conducted in different locations,\nincluding border and transit locations, reception and\ntransit centres, collective sites, and information and\nassistance points. Trained enumerators digitally\ncollect data through Kobo Toolbox, which is safely\nstored in a UNHCR server. Respondents are\nidentified in the selected locations and asked for\ntheir consent to be interviewed using a harmonized\nregional questionnaire.\n\n\nThe results presented in this report must be\ninterpreted according to the limitations of the\nmethodology and the context, particularly:\n\n\n- While the random selection of respondents and\ndiversification in places of data collection are\nused to reduce potential bias and ensure the\nsample covers different segments and profiles of\n\n\n\nthe target population, results cannot necessarily\nbe extrapolated to the population of refugees\nfrom Ukraine as a whole, given the nonprobabilistic sampling method used.\n\n\n- Considering ongoing population movements\nand given that the distribution of number of\ninterviews per country reflects in general the\ndistribution of total estimated number of\nrefugees from Ukraine recorded in the selected\ncountries, country samples have not been\nweighted for this regional analysis.\n\n\n- The results reflect refugees\u2019 situation and needs\nat the time of data collection, which may\nsubsequently change depending on a wide\nrange of factors.\n\n\n**RESPONDENTS BY COUNTRY**\n\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\nMoldova\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nHungary\n\n\n\n11,566\n\n\n\n2,764\n\n\n2,001\n\n\n\n915\n\n\n462\n\n\n\n**6** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo Toolbox", - "confidence": 0.6276490092277527, - "start": 117, - "end": 119 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8242520689964294, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5095873475074768, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.5615057349205017, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "harmonized\nregional questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6143457889556885, - "start": 146, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7168725728988647, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.8321805596351624, - "start": 129, - "end": 130 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RESPONDENTS BY COUNTRY", - "confidence": 0.7081642150878906, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Demographic profiles\n\n##### k % %\n\n\n##### %\n\n\n##### % %\n\nperson with a specific need older persons\n\n\n##### % %\n\nolder persons are separated from both parents\n\n\n\nare separated from both parents\n\n\n\n**HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS BY AGE GROUP AND GENDER**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\n**TOP LANGUAGES SPOKEN**\n\n\nUkrainian\n\n\nRussian\n\n\n\n97%\n\n\n\n60 + yrs old\n\n\n5 - 17 yrs old\n\n\n35 - 59 yrs old\n\n\n18 - 34 yrs old\n\n\n0 - 4 yrs old\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n81%\n\n\n\nEnglish\n\n\nPolish\n\n\nGerman\n\n\nRomanian\n\n\nSlovak\n\n\nFrench\n\n\nHungarian\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n_Including the respondent_\n\n\n\n_Multiple responses were possible. So percentages can go over 100% when_\n_added_\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Displacement patterns\n\n\n\nMost respondents arrived in host countries during\nthe first quarter of 2022 and largely originated from\nKyviska, Kharkivska and Odeska. The majority, 58%\nof respondents, cited proximity to Ukraine as the\nmain reason for choosing to move to their current\nhost country, followed by the desire to reunite with\nfamily and friends (33%). The language spoken inthe\nhost country is also reported as a motivating factor\nby 14% of respondents, with a higher proportion in\nMoldova.\n\n\n**DATE OF ARRIVAL TO THE CURRENT HOST COUNTRY**\n\n\n32%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n17%\n16%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n2022 Qtr 1 2022 Qtr 2 2022 Qtr 3 2022 Qtr 4 2023 Qtr 1\n\n\n\n**TOP OBLASTS OF ORIGIN**\n\n\nKyivska\n\n\nKharkivska\n\n\nOdeska\n\n\nDnipropetrovska\n\n\nKhersonska\n\n\nZaporizka\n\n\nDonetska\n\n\nMykolaivska\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n**TOP FIVE REASONS FOR CHOOSING HOST COUNTRY**\n\n\nProximity to Ukraine\n\n\n\n58%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\nHave relatives\n\n\nLanguage spoken\n\n\nTemporary protection\n\n\nWork opportunities\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\nLvivska\n\n\nZakarpatska\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n_Due to rounding, some percent totals do not add up to 100%_\n\n\n**8** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS", - "confidence": 0.9001436829566956, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5179972648620605, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9252363443374634, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.861422061920166, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Access to territory and temporary protection\n\n##### **Registration for temporary protection [1]**\n\n\n\nOn 4 March 2022, the EU Council triggered the\napplication of the Temporary Protection Directive for\nan initial period of one year, which has since been\nextended for another year, until 4 March 2024. The\nimplementation of the Directive has ensured\nrefugees\u2019 swift access to legal status and associated\nrights.\n\n\nThe vast majority, 87% of respondents, have\nregistered for temporary protection \u2013 96% of whom\nhave received a positive decision. Only 4% of\nrespondents faced challenges during the\napplication process, mainly due to long queues and\nlack of information about the registration process.\n\n##### %\n\nfor temporary protection\n\n\n\nThis indicates that registration systems are efficient,\nand measures taken by states to expedite the\nprocess, including digitalization of registration\nprocedures, have had a positive impact.\n\n\nOut of the 13% of respondents who have not\nregistered for temporary protection, 45% plan to\nregister while 55% do not intend to register. Those\nin Hungary who do not intend to register for\ntemporary protection mainly reported having\napplied for a residence permit instead, while those\nin Poland, Romania, and Slovakia mainly intend to\nmove onwards.\n\n\n**TOP APPLICATION CHALLENGES**\n\n\n\nLong queue\n\n\nLack of information\n\n\nLack of documents\n\n\nDifficulty accessing\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nDenial of access\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n64%\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n**Moldova activates temporary protection for refugees from Ukraine**\nEffective from 1 March 2023, the Republic of Moldova activated temporary protection for refugees from\nUkraine. UNHCR has [welcomed](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2023/1/63cba1ce4/news-comment-unhcrs-grandi-praises-moldovas-role-supporting-ukrainian-refugees.html) the decision as an important step in ensuring refugees\u2019 access to rights\nand legal status. UNHCR will closely monitor the practical implementation of this temporary protection\nregime.\n\n\n1. Findings for this section relate to Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary only\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Access to temporary protection**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has identified an increasingly complex\npicture regarding the ability of refugees from\nUkraine to access surrounding countries,\nparticularly for third country nationals. Whilst the\nopen-door and flexible approach adopted by States\nfrom the early days of the crisis remains in most\ncases, UNHCR has identified cases of third country\nnationals who should qualify for TP under the\nCouncil implementing decision (including\nrecognized refugees and documented stateless\npersons from Ukraine), who have been denied\npermission to enter neighbouring countries.\n\n\nUNHCR has also documented complexities for\nUkrainian nationals holding non-biometric passports\nto move freely within the EU and reunite with family\nmembers in other states, in certain cases.\n\n\n\nUNHCR continues to identify cases of refugees who\nare refused permission to register for temporary\nprotection on the basis that they had previously\nregistered in another EU Member State, despite\nEuropean Commission guidance to the contrary. [2]\nThis can negatively affect refugees\u2019 ability to reunite\nwith family members and can create a state of legal\nuncertainty for those who cannot access protection\neffectively. This also risks undermining the\nagreement between EU Member States to not apply\nArticle 11 of the Temporary Protection Directive on\ntake back requests, which prohibits free movement\nwithin the EU. [ 3]\n\n\n\n_Poland: Refugee from Ukraine Katerina (40) holding her son Arsen (2). Katerina and her family (3 children and husband) live at a collective centre in Krakow with_\n_400 other refugees from Ukraine.. \u00a9 UNHCR/Anna Liminowicz_\n\n\n\n2. European Commission, \u2018Frequently asked Questions on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and Council\n\n\n\nImplementing Decision 2022/382\u2019 available at [https://home-afairs.ec.europa.eu/system/fles/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently asked questions received on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and Council Implementing Decision 2022-382_en.pdf)\n[questions%20received%20on%20the%20interpretation%20of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20and%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently asked questions received on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and Council Implementing Decision 2022-382_en.pdf)\n[Council%20Implementing%20Decision%202022-382_en.pdf](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently asked questions received on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and Council Implementing Decision 2022-382_en.pdf)\n3. \u201cA Member State shall take back a person with temporary protection on its territory if the person remains on or seeks to enter\n\n\n\nwithout authorisation onto the territory of another Member State during the period covered by the Council Decision referred to\nin Article 5. Member States may, on the basis of a bilateral agreement, decide that this article should not apply.\u201d\n\n\n\n**10** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Temporary visits to Ukraine and impact on** **temporary protection**\n\n\n\nSince arriving in host countries, 24% of respondents\nhave temporarily returned to Ukraine, primarily to\nvisit relatives who remained behind, obtain\ndocuments and to check on property. Out of those\nwho returned, 7% reported experiencing challenges\nupon their return, mainly due to deactivation of\ntemporary protection status, difficulty crossing back\ninto the host country and suspension of benefits\npreviously enjoyed in the country of asylum.\n\n\nComparatively, most of the respondents who\nencountered difficulties re-entering their host\ncountry after a temporary visit to Ukraine are in\nPoland \u2013 with the majority reporting that their\ntemporary protection status and PESEL UKR, which\ngrants them access to benefits, had been\ndeactivated because of their absence. Following\nlegislative changes in Poland, any departure of a\ncitizen of Ukraine for a period of more than thirty\ndays deprives them of the right to stay in Poland as\na temporary protection holder, with some\nexceptions. [4] Whilst there is a possibility to reactivate\ntemporary protection status should refugees be\ngranted permission to re-enter Poland, UNHCR has\nobserved that there is increasing confusion among\n\n##### %\n\n\n\nrefugees around the reasons for deactivation, its\nconsequences and the procedures to reactivate\nstatus based on the provisions of the law. [5] There is\nalso an absence of a formal notification, with some\nrefugees only discovering the deactivation of their\nstatus when they are denied access to social\nassistance. [6]\n\n\nEuropean Commission guidance states that \u2018short\nvisits\u2019 to Ukraine do not lead to the loss of\ntemporary protection and calls on States to refrain\nfrom implementing measures that would deter\npeople from returning, including by stipulating\n\u2018unreasonable periods of absence\u2019. [7] In Moldova,\nunder the recently activated temporary protection\nregime for refugees from Ukraine, cumulative\nabsence from the country for more than 45 days will\nresult in cessation of temporary protection. [UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\n[has continuously advocated for the temporary](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\nprotection status of refugees who return to Ukraine\nto be unaffected in the event of a visit lasting less\nthan three months to avoid administrative hurdles\nand facilitate access to rights under temporary\nprotection should individuals need to return to host\nstates at a later point.\n\n\n**MAIN REASONS FOR TEMPORARY VISIT**\n\n\n\nVisiting relatives\n\n\nObtain documents\n\n\nCheck on property\n\n\nCheck on situation\n\n\nAccess healthcare\n\n\nGet supplies\n\n\nHelp evacuate\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n46%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n4. UNHCR Poland (2023), Protection Monitoring Brief #2 available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n5. UNHCR Poland (2023). Protection Monitoring Brief #2 available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n6. UNHCR Poland (2023). Protection Monitoring Brief #2 available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n7. European Commission (2022), Frequently asked questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the\nTemporary Protection Directive available at [https://home-afairs.ec.europa.eu/system/fles/2022-12/Frequently%20Asked%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-12/Frequently Asked Questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the Temporary Protection_en.pdf)\n[Questions%20on%20going%20home%20to%20Ukraine%20on%20a%20voluntary%20basis%20in%20the%20context%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-12/Frequently Asked Questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the Temporary Protection_en.pdf)\n[of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection_en.pdf](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-12/Frequently Asked Questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the Temporary Protection_en.pdf)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Access to documentation\n\n\n\n25% of respondents reported that at least one of\ntheir family members had an expired or missing civil\nstatus/identity document. The most commonly\nmissing document was a biometric passport (21%),\nfollowed by a non-biometric passport (5%) and an\ninternal passport (2%). Additionally, 3% of\nrespondents reported that at least one household\nmember did not possess any documentation.\n\n\n30% of those missing a document report that they\nare unable to obtain a replacement in host\ncountries, with a considerably high percentage in\nSlovakia (80%). This is likely because, until recently,\nrefugees in Slovakia had to travel to Poland to\nrenew/replace their biometric passports. Beginning\nfrom 1 February 2023, however, Ukrainian\ndiplomatic/consular institutions in Slovakia have\nstarted issuing biometric passports.\n\n\nThe requirement to present supporting documents\nis a major barrier for refugees to replace missing\ncivil documentation. Some refugees have been\nasked to return to Ukraine to retrieve necessary\ndocuments, which is also supported by protection\nmonitoring data. Of those respondents who\ntemporarily visited Ukraine, 25% of them returned to\nobtain documentation. This requirement is\nespecially difficult for stateless persons and Roma\ncommunity members, who may not have any\n\n\n**TOP MISSING DOCUMENTS**\n\n\n\ndocuments prior to their displacement from Ukraine.\nThe inability to afford associated fees and long\nprocessing times are also commonly reported\nbarriers to replacing missing documents, with the\nissuance of biometric passports by Ukrainian\ndiplomatic/consular institutions possibly taking up to\nsix months in some cases.\n\n\nThe absence of civil status and identity documents\ngreatly restricts the ability of refugees to exercise\ntheir rights, such as education, work, social services,\nand freedom of movement. UNHCR has [previously](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447)\n[reported](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96447) that reliable access to civil documentation\nis likely to become a pressing concern for many\nrefugees to ensure they continue to access their\nrights and services. The absence of such\ndocumentation can also create obstacles to return\nand increase the risk of statelessness.\n\n\nIt is important to note that the Ukrainian authorities\nhave taken measures to enable refugees to access\ndocumentation, including allowing Ukrainian\ndiplomatic institutions abroad to issue and replace\ncivil status documents. Measures such as extending\nbiometric passports and issuing new identity\ndocuments have also been implemented. However,\nchallenges remain due to limited appointment slots\nand long processing times, likely due to high\ndemand and capacity constraints.\n\n\n**ABILITY TO REPLACE DOCUMENTS IN HOST COUNTRIES**\n\n\n\nBiometric passport\n\n\nNonbiometirc passport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\nID card\n\n\nBirth certificate\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\nYes\n\n\nNo\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n\n52%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n**12** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nmonitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9934188723564148, - "start": 204, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.93947434425354, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9618884325027466, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometric passport", - "confidence": 0.7956467866897583, - "start": 473, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "HOST COUNTRIES", - "confidence": 0.5868254899978638, - "start": 469, - "end": 471 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# The protection situation of persons with specific needs\n\n\n\n22% of assessed households reported at least one\nfamily member with specific needs, such as\ndisabilities and serious medical conditions, with a\nhigher percentage in Hungary. Previous [research](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266) by\nUNHCR demonstrated that persons with specific\nneeds face increased obstacles to accessing their\nrights under the TPD, partly due to a lack of\nsystematic identification procedures in host\n\n\n\ncountries. Protection monitoring data also indicates\nthat households with members with specific needs\nexperience greater challenges and vulnerability in\nmeeting their socio-economic needs. As the\ndisplacement period extends, the vulnerability of\nthese households may increase, impacting\ndecisions to return to Ukraine even in sub-optimal\nconditions.\n\n\n##### **Persons with disabilities**\n\n\n\n12% of respondents reported at least one household\nmember with a disability. A higher proportion of\nhouseholds with a person with a disability (PWD)\nreported difficulties accessing healthcare (39%) as\ncompared to other households (23%), predominantly\ndue to long waiting times. Moreover, in contrast to\nother households surveyed, a higher portion of\nhouseholds with a PWD are missing their biometric\npassport (27%). Persons with disabilities may face\nincreased challenges to replace missing\ndocumentation due difficulties reaching locations\nwhere these services are offered, among other\nfactors.\n\n\n\nProtection monitoring data indicates that, as\ncompared to other households surveyed,\nhouseholds with a PWD are likely to reside in\ncollective sites (24%), with relatives (13%) and\nhostels by provided government (12%) rather than in\nrented accommodation, indicating more limited\naccess to financial resources. Prejudice against\npersons with cognitive disabilities is additionally\ncited as a barrier for families searching for housing. [8]\n\n\n\n8. UNHCR (2023), Risks of Gender Based Violence (GBV), and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), Relating to Private and\n\nCollective Accommodation, Livelihoods, and Accessibility, for Persons Fleeing Ukraine (Poland)\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.992049515247345, - "start": 88, - "end": 91 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8247221112251282, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9940873384475708, - "start": 253, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5603183507919312, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nData also indicates that households with a PWD are\nslightly less likely than other households to have\naccess to long-term housing. 13% of households\nwith at least one person with a disability reported\nthe need to find an alternative accommodation in\nless than three months, mainly due to the ending of\nfree accommodation programs. Even when\naccommodation is available, however, it is often not\nadapted to the needs of PWD. For instance, among\nassessed accommodation sites in Slovakia, only\n34% are found to be accessible for persons with\ndisabilities. [9]\n\n\n51% of respondents, between 18 to 59 years, from\nhouseholds with at least one person with a disability\nhave a higher-level education, bachelors and\nabove, a level which is comparable to other\nhouseholds (54%). However, the rate of employment\n\n\n\namong respondents from households with at least\none PWD is significantly lower (21%) as compared to\nother households (34%). This, inter alia, suggests\nthe unavailability of work opportunities that factor in\nthe circumstances of PWD as well as possible\ncaring responsibilities of other household members.\nDuring focus group discussions, some PWDs have\nhighlighted the unsuitability of available work\nopportunities, as most are physically demanding.\n\n\nLikely driven by limited access to the labour market\nand services, households with PWD often struggle\nto meet their basic needs. Of those surveyed, 94%\nhave urgent needs, substantially higher than other\nhouseholds (86%). Their top priority needs include\nhealthcare (65%), material assistance (59%) and\nfood (39%).\n\n\n\n**EDUCATION LEVEL**\n\n\nRespondents with at least one\nhousehold member with a disability\n\n\nMaster or higher\n\n\nSpecialist\n\n\nBachelor\n\n\nVocational\n\n\nSecondary\n\n\n##### %\n\nat least one household member with a disability\n\n\n**EMPLOYMENT IN HOST COUNTRIES**\n\n\n\n20%\n\n20%\n\n\n\nRespondents without household\nmembers with a disability\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\nRespondents with at least one\nhousehold member with a disability\n\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nFamily responsibilities\n\n\nEmployed in host country\n\n\n\nRespondents without household\nmembers with a disability\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n34%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\nRetired\n\n\nOther\n\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nStudent\n\n\nSelf-employed\n\n\n\n\n\nPrimary\n\n\nNo education\n\n\n\n1%\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n1%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n_The education and employment levels of respondents aged 18 to 59 years_\n\n\n9. UNHCR Slovakia (2022), Protection Brief, [Document - Slovakia : Protection Brief - May - October 2022 (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97764)\n\n\n**14** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessed accommodation sites", - "confidence": 0.570441484451294, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.9483939409255981, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.5225499868392944, - "start": 107, - "end": 110 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.5655738115310669, - "start": 219, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "HOST COUNTRIES", - "confidence": 0.6169618368148804, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education and employment levels", - "confidence": 0.5063576102256775, - "start": 429, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.5301900506019592, - "start": 442, - "end": 444 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Slovakia", - "confidence": 0.5248439311981201, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9181086421012878, - "start": 445, - "end": 446 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Older persons**\n\n\n\nSome 13% of households are comprised of one or\nmore older persons, aged 60 years or more.\nHouseholds comprised of one or more older\npersons reported higher levels of serious medical\nconditions (37%) and disability (21%) than average.\nHouseholds comprised of older persons also\nreported a higher percentage of household\nmembers who are unable to replace missing or\nexpired civil status and identity documents than\naverage (39%). This may reflect increased\nchallenges in accessing information on how to\nreplace documents or reaching locations where\nsuch services are provided.\n\n\nThe vast majority, 82% of older persons surveyed,\nare retired. Per [UNHCR\u2019s intentions study, most](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072)\nolder persons rely on their pensions from Ukraine\n(60%) and social protection or cash assistance in the\nhost country (46%) to sustain themselves, indicating\nlimited sources of income among these households.\nData from protection monitoring also identifies that\nhouseholds comprised of older persons are more\nlikely to reside in collective sites (25%) or be hosted\nby relatives (28%) and less likely to be renting their\nown accommodation than average, likely a\nreflection of the higher level of economic\nvulnerability of such households.\n\n\n**CURRENT ACCOMMODATION OF HOUSEHOLDS**\n\n**COMPRISED OF OLDER PERSONS**\n\n\n\nLikely due to their limited sources of income and\nhealth conditions, many older persons struggle to\nmeet their basic needs. 92% of households\ncomprised of older persons reported having urgent\nneeds, slightly higher than other households (86%).\nThese challenges are potentially impacting return\ndecisions made by this group; UNHCR\u2019s intentions\nreport identified that households comprised of one\nor more older persons were more likely to report\nplans to return to Ukraine in the next three months,\nlikely associated with their vulnerability profile and\nchallenges in sustaining themselves in host\ncountries.\n\n\nDespite requiring a high level of support for\nthemselves, older persons are at times the sole\nproviders for their families. For instance, 7% of\nhouseholds comprised of older persons reported\nhaving children, of whom 52% are separated from\nboth parents. Given their heightened vulnerability,\ntaking on caretaker responsibilities further reduces\nolder persons\u2019 ability to meet their basic needs.\nPersons cared for by older persons are also more\nlikely to have unmet needs. Households of older\npersons with children therefore require targeted\ninterventions and support.\n\n\n**CURRENT ACCOMMODATION OF HOUSEHOLDS NOT**\n\n**COMPRISED OF OLDER PERSONS**\n\n\n\nHosted by relatives\n\n\nCollective site\n\n\nRented\n\n\nHotel by government\n\n\nHosted by others\n\n\nOther\n\n\nProvided by employer\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\nRented\n\n\nCollective site\n\n\nHosted by relatives\n\n\nHotel by government\n\n\nHosted by others\n\n\nOther\n\n\nProvided by employer\n\n\n\n44%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9880036115646362, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.874115526676178, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.6505786776542664, - "start": 151, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions\nreport", - "confidence": 0.9651618003845215, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7297548651695251, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.991240918636322, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9473432302474976, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8714861869812012, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Access to rights in host countries\n\n##### **Access to accommodation**\n\n\n\nApproximately 28% of refugees surveyed cited\naccommodation as one of their top three priority\nneeds, mostly due to a shortage of affordable\nhousing, landlords\u2019 preference for long-term tenants\nand soaring rental prices. Focus group discussions\nwith refugees also highlighted problems with\naccessing housing markets for households with\nchildren.\n\n\nAt the beginning of the crisis, States introduced\nvarious programs, ranging from providing housing in\nState run accommodation centers to granting\nfinancial assistance to families hosting refugees.\nRefugees have highlighted the critical importance of\nthese programs in ensuring their access to housing.\nHowever, many of these programs are coming to an\nend or eligibility to access them is becoming more\nrestrictive.\n\n\nAgainst this background, 10% of respondents\nreported that they will need to find an alternative\naccommodation in less than three months,\npredominantly due to the termination of free\naccommodation programs \u2013 mostly in Hungary,\nPoland, and Slovakia. The largest portion of\nrefugees who need to leave their accommodation in\n\n\n\nunder three months are in collective sites and\ngovernment provided hostels, highlighting the\nrelatively precarious nature of these\naccommodation arrangements. Refugees in\ncollective sites also frequently report overcrowding,\nlack of privacy and adequate cooking space. Focus\ngroup discussions highlighted the likely significant\nimpact on members of the Roma community as free\naccommodation programmes end, due to large\nnumbers residing in collective shelters, the inability\nof community members to afford rent and\ndiscrimination within the housing market.\n\n\nAlbeit to a lesser degree, refugees renting\naccommodation are also impacted. Among the 41%\nof respondents renting accommodation, 4% will be\nforced to leave their current accommodation in less\nthan three months, primarily due to inability to afford\nrent (23%) and the ending of free accommodation\nprograms (17%), mostly offered in the form of rental\nsubsidies. As the war in Ukraine continues, refugee\nfamilies increasingly report exhausting their savings,\nwhich will likely increase the number of families at\nrisk of eviction due to their inability to pay rent and\nspiraling utility costs.\n\n\n\n**16** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nUNHCR has additionally identified a number of risks\nof gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual\nexploitation and abuse (SEA) relating to private and\ncollective accommodation in Hungary and Poland.\nRefugees reported both a sense of obligation and\ntacit expectation to \u2018give back\u2019 to landlords hosting\nthem in private accommodation, ranging from\nexpectations of care-work to romantic or sexual\nexchanges. Overall, a lack of vetting and monitoring\nsystems for private hosts and/or landlords,\ncontributed to violence risks, as well as fear among\nrefugees. [ 10]\n\n\nAs UNHCR has [previously reported, a lack of](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\nlonger-term housing has had a multifaceted impact\non refugees\u2019 ability to exercise their other rights\nincluding education, work, and social protection. For\ninstance, some respondents reported being unable\nto enroll their children in schools owing to lack of\nregistered address and repeated relocations. [11]\nMoreover, the lack of stable housing options\namplifies refugees\u2019 vulnerability to various\nprotection risks, including exploitation and human\ntrafficking, as well as potentially contributing to\npremature decisions to return to Ukraine.\n\n\n\n**CURRENT ACCOMMODATION**\n\n\nRented\n\n\nCollective site\n\n\nHosted by relatives\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\nHotel by government\n\n\nHosted by others\n\n\nOther\n\n\nProvided by employer\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n**LENGTH OF STAY IN THE CURRENT ACCOMMODATION**\n\n\nNo limit\n\n\n\n41%\n\n\n41%\n\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\n3 - 12 months\n\n\n1 - 3 months\n\n\n< 1 month\n\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n**MAIN REASONS FOR HAVING TO LEAVE ACCOMMODATION**\n\n**WITHIN 3 MONTHS**\n\n\n\nEnd of programme\n\n\nMoving to another\n\n\nAsked to leave\n\n\nCannot afford\n\n\nDo not know\n\n\nLack of space\n\n\n\n41%\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n_Multiple responses were possible. So percentages can go over 100% when_\n_added_\n\n\n\n10. UNHCR (2023), Risks of Gender Based Violence (GBV), and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), Relating to Private and\n\n\n\nCollective Accommodation, Livelihoods, and Accessibility, for Persons Fleeing Ukraine (Hungary)\n11. UNHCR Poland (2023), Protection Monitoring Brief #2 available at [Document - Poland Protection Monitoring Brief #2 (August to](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n\n\n\n[November 2022) (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99574)\n\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CURRENT ACCOMMODATION", - "confidence": 0.8279843330383301, - "start": 213, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8490847945213318, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.833626389503479, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8858953714370728, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Access to work**\n\n\n\nEmployment remains one of the most pressing\nconcerns for refugees \u2013 with 34% of respondents\ncounting it among their top three priority needs. Of\nthose interviewed, 27% of respondents reported\nbeing employed in host countries, whilst 8%\nreported working remotely and 1% self-employed.\nHowever, focus group discussions with refugees\nrevealed that many are underemployed, engaged in\nlow paying jobs that are far below their\nqualifications. Even with jobs, many refugees thus\ncontinue to struggle to meet their basic needs. Of\nthose employed in host countries, 82% reported\nhaving urgent needs, mostly for material assistance\n(47%), food (27%) and even employment (30%).\n\n\nAs [previously reported by UNHCR, language](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\nbarriers are often reported as a barrier to accessing\nemployment. Lack of decent work opportunities is\nanother major contributing factor to refugees\u2019\nunemployment in host countries and is\ncompounded by difficulties refugees encounter with\ngetting their qualifications recognized, with a higher\nproportion of refugees facing this obstacle\nidentified in Moldova. Lack of access to childcare is\nalso reported as an important impediment,\nparticularly by single mothers. Among households\nwho have infants aged 0 to 4 years old, 51% do not\nhave access to childcare services.\n\n\n**CURRENT ACTIVITY IN THE HOST COUNTRY**\n\n\n\nRefugees have also reported practices which may\namount to labour exploitation. During focus group\ndiscussions, some refugees reported being asked\nto work long hours or earning low salaries as\ncompared to employees from hosting countries. [12] A\nrecent study conducted by the European Union\nAgency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) on the\nsituation of refugees from Ukraine reported that 3 in\n10 respondents experienced some form of labour\nexploitation at work. [13] There are risks that\nexploitative working arrangements and informal\nemployment may increase, especially if refugees\nare not systematically informed of their rights and\nentitlements and are not able to access advice and\navenues for complaint should they experience\nchallenges.\n\n\n**MAIN REASONS OF UNEMPLOYMENT**\n\n\n\n**ACCESS TO CHILDCARE FOR FAMILIES WITH INFANTS (0 \u2013**\n\n**4 YEARS OLD)**\n\n\n\nNo\n\n\nYes\n\n\nDont know\n\n\n\n51%\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\n\n11%\n\n\n\nEmployed in host country\n\n\nUnemployed\n\n\nRetired\n\n\nFamily responsibilities\n\n\nEmployed remotely\n\n\nStudent\n\n\nOther\n\n\nSelf-employed\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo opportunities\n\n\nNot staying\n\n\nLack information\n\n\nLack childcare\n\n\nEducation recognition\n\n\nWork permit\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n11%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n_Note: Out of those who indicated being unemployed_\n_Due to rounding, some percent totals do not add up to 100%_\n\n\n\n12. UNHCR Romania & REACH, Constanta area based assessement (July to August 2022) available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97698)\n\n\n\n[documents/details/97698](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97698)\n13. European Union Agnecy for Fundamental Rights . (n.d.). Fleeing Ukraine: Displaced People\u2019s Experineces in the EU available at\n\n\n\n[Fleeing Ukraine: Displaced people\u2019s experiences in the EU (europa.eu)](https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2023-ukraine-survey_en.pdf)\n\n\n\n**18** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.792793333530426, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European Union\nAgency for Fundamental Rights", - "confidence": 0.5299587845802307, - "start": 313, - "end": 319 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5804883241653442, - "start": 326, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Access to healthcare**\n\n\n\nSome 25% of refugees surveyed had difficulty\naccessing healthcare, with the largest proportions\nrecorded in Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The\nmain barriers to healthcare remain similar to those\nidentified in UNHCR\u2019s [previous research, including](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\nlong waiting times due to lack of capacity within the\nhealth system, language barriers and inability to\nafford medical and associated fees, including\ntransportation costs.\n\n\nOut of the 25% of respondents who faced difficulty\naccessing healthcare, 67% reported long waiting\ntimes as the main limiting factor. In Poland, because\nof long waiting periods, some refugees reported\ntraveling back to Ukraine to access medical care. [14]\nThe limited capacity of health facilities is a\nchallenge that predates the Ukraine crisis in many\nof the countries monitored. As UNHCR has\n[previously recommended, the integration of](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/96266)\nhealthcare professionals from refugee communities\ninto national healthcare systems would benefit both\nhost and refugee communities, through enhancing\nhealth system capacities, addressing language\nbarriers, facilitating information exchange and\nbuilding trust.\n\n\nLanguage barriers are identified as the second\nimportant impediment limiting refugees access to\nhealthcare, primarily in Hungary and Romania. The\nneed to upscale and expand translation services to\nfacilitate access to healthcare remains a key need,\nincluding in Slovakia, where the lack of\norganizations providing free translation services in\nhealth facilities has been identified as a challenge. [15]\nThe unaffordability of medical and associated fees\nis also reported as a barrier by 26% of respondents\nwho faced difficulty accessing healthcare,\nproportionally high in Moldova. In general, refugees\nin Moldova report adequate access to primary and\nurgent care \u2013 but frequently report difficulty\naccessing secondary care and certain medications\n\n\n\ndue to high costs. Inability to afford medical fees\nand associated costs is also routinely reported by\nrefugees in Romania and Slovakia.\n\n\nDenial of access by medical facilities has also been\nreported as a barrier by 16% of refugees who\nreported difficulty accessing healthcare, mostly in\nHungary and Slovakia. Access denial is largely\nattributed to limited awareness of applicable legal/\npolicy frameworks guaranteeing refugees\u2019 rights to\nhealthcare. For instance, in Slovakia, refugees from\nUkraine are legally entitled to emergency medical\ncare. However, refugees often report being denied\naccess, primarily due to lack of clarity on what\nconstitutes emergency healthcare as well as limited\nawareness of their entitlements to healthcare\namong medical professionals.\n\n##### %\n\ndifficulty accessing healthcare\n\n\n**MAIN DIFFICULTIES ACCESSING HEALTHCARE SYSTEM**\n\n\n\nLong wait\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nCannot afford\n\n\nDenied access\n\n\nLack of information\n\n\nNot available\n\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n67%\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n_Note: out of those who indicated experiencing difficulties accessing_\n_healthcare. Multiple responses were possible. So percentages can go over_\n_100% when added_\n\n\n14. UNHCR Poland (2022), Protection Monitoring Brief #1, [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97143](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97143)\n15. UNHCR Slovakia (2022), Protection Brief, Document - Slovakia : Protection Brief - May - October 2022 (unhcr.org)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Access to education**\n\n\n\nAmong assessed households, 45% have school\naged children between five to 17 years. Of these,\n44% reported having at least one child who is not\nenrolled in school in host States. The majority, 76%\nof respondents, cited a preference to study the\nUkrainian curriculum online as the main reason for\nnot enrolling their children in host countries.\nHowever, focus group discussions revealed various\nfactors why families opt for online studies, including\nlanguage barriers, curriculum differences between\nUkraine and host States and long distances to\nschools, particularly for refugees residing in rural\nareas. Moreover, in two of the countries where the\npercentage of respondents who report out-ofschool children is higher (80% in Romania and 70%\nMoldova), refugee children only attend classes as\nguest pupils or \u201caudience members\u201d and are not\nformally registered \u2013 discouraging families from\nenrolling their children. [16]\n\n\nIn certain cases, children attend both online courses\nin Ukrainian curriculum and in-person classes in\nhost countries. This is partly because, in some\ncountries, the enrollment of children of a certain age\nis compulsory. This also poses challenges; during\nfocus group discussions, children highlighted\nfeeling overburdened and having difficulty juggling\nonline and in-person classes.\n\n\nSome refugee children also struggle to follow online\nclasses, mostly due to lack of computers and limited\naccess to the internet. For children attending online\nclasses, there is also limited opportunity to socialize,\nincreasing feelings of isolation.\n\n\n\n**MAIN REASONS FOR NOT ENROLLING CHILDREN IN HOST**\n\n**COUNTRY SCHOOL**\n\n\n\nPrefer online\n\n\nNot staying here\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNo space\n\n\n\n76%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n_Republic of Moldova: On 31 October 2022, UNHCR together with UNICEF_\n_established a Blue Dot Safe Space, Protection and Support Hub in Gala\u021bi,_\n\n_near the Eastern border with Ukraine. \u00a9 UNHCR/Caroline Bach_\n\n\n16. UNHCR Moldova, participatory assessment (February 2023), UNHCR Romania & REACH, Constanta area based assessement\n\n(July to August 2022) available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97698](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97698)\n\n\n**20** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n##### **Access to social protection**\n\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s third intentions survey, 32%\nof refugees from Ukraine reported social assistance\nas one of their income sources. However, many\nrefugees do not have access to the full range of\nbenefits available to citizens, including due to\ngovernment capacity constraints and lack of\npermanent residence, which is a pre-condition to\naccess certain social protection schemes in some\ncountries.\n\n\n\nAmong refugees who experienced challenges\naccessing social protection, the most commonly\nreported barrier is long waiting times, mainly due to\ncumbersome administrative processes. Barriers\nsuch as lack of information on available benefits\nand how to access them, complicated and lengthy\nadministrative processes and language barriers also\ncontinue to hinder refugees access to social\nprotection.\n\n\nUkrainian refugees\u2019 access to social assistance in\nMoldova is unique amongst hosting countries. Until\nthe activation of the Temporary Protection\nRegime on March 1, 2023, emergency laws were\nadopted to facilitate refugees\u2019 access to rights, but\nthese laws did not provide access to social\nprotection. Under the current temporary protection\nlaw, social assistance is only limited to certain\ngroups of refugees and to a reduced number of\ngovernment programmes compared to laws\ngoverning the asylum systems. Moreover, effective\naccess requires system strengthening and\nadditional resources. At the time of writing,\ntherefore, vulnerable refugees in Moldova mostly\nrely on humanitarian cash assistance, subsidies, and\nother forms of in-kind assistance.\n\n\n**MAIN DIFFICULTIES ACCESSNG PUBLIC SOCIAL**\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nWaiting times\n\n\nLack of information\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nNot eligible\n\n\nLack of documents\n\n\nLack address\n\n\n\n39%\n\n\n\n31%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n_Multiple responses were possible. So percentages can go over 100% when_\n_added_\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "third intentions survey", - "confidence": 0.8993199467658997, - "start": 29, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.914887011051178, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9927912950515747, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6359302401542664, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8877066969871521, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Urgent needs\n\n\n\n87% of respondents reported at least one urgent\nneed, with material assistance being the most\ncommon (54%), followed by food (35%), employment\n(34%), healthcare (33%), and accommodation (28%).\nUrgent needs vary based on household and\naccommodation types. As compared to others,\nhouseholds comprised of older persons reported\nhaving a higher need for food and\nhealthcare. Refugees living with host families\nreported a higher need for food, while those in\ncollective sites and government-provided hostels\nreported a higher need for accommodation.\n\n##### %\n\nprefer cash as a modality of assistance\n\n\n\n**TOP 10 URGENT NEEDS**\n\n\n1st choice 2nd choice 3rd choice\n\n\nMaterial assistance\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\nFood\n\n\nEmployment\n\n\nHealthcare\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nInformation\n\n\nLegal advice\n\n\nChildcare\n\n\n\n35%\n\n\n34%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n_Multiple responses were possible. So percentages can go over 100% when_\n\n\n\n_Poland: Refugees at UNHCR\u2019s cash enrolment centre in Krakow Tauron Arena. \u00a9 UNHCR/Maciej Moskwa_\n\n\n**22** **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E**, A P R I L 2 0 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# Information needs\n\n\n\nSimilar to previous protection monitoring data,\nfinancial aid, healthcare, and job opportunities are\ntop information needs. Depending on household\ncomposition, the area of information needs slightly\nvaried; for instance, information on access to\nhealthcare is a higher need amongst households\nwith older persons, whilst the need for information\non employment opportunities is greater among\nhouseholds comprised of adults with or without\ndependents.\n\n\n**TOP INFORMATION NEEDS**\n\n\n\nThe most preferred communication mediums\ncontinue to be social media (67%) and websites\n(33%). For older persons, however, the preferred\ninformation channel is communication by phone.\nFocus group discussion with Roma refugees also\nrevealed that many women cannot read and/or do\nnot own electronic devices such as phones and\ntablets, rendering both written and digitally\npresented information inaccessible to them. [17] For\nthese groups, the most trusted information sources\nare Roma community mediators. [18]\n\n\n**PREFERRED INFORMATION CHANNEL**\n\n\n\nFinancial aid\n\n\nHealthcare\n\n\nJob opportunities\n\n\nLegal status\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\nNone\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nDocumentation\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\nSocial media\n\n\nWebsites\n\n\nBy phone\n\n\nFriends / family\n\n\nIn person\n\n\nWritten information\n\n\nNone\n\n\nDon't know\n\n\n\n67%\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n31%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n17. UNHCR Moldova, participatory assessment (February 2023)\n18. UNHCR Moldova, participatory assessment (February 2023)\n\n\n**U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** A P R I L 2 0 2 3 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS, PROTECTION RISKS AND NEEDS OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n###### Regional Protection Analysis #2 Hungary, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia APRIL 2023\n\n**UNHCR** Regional Bureau for Europe\n[rbeext@unhcr.org](mailto:rbeext%40unhcr.org?subject=)\n[www.unhcr.org/europe](https://www.unhcr.org/europe)\n\n\nFor further information visit the UNHCR Operational Data Portal for Ukraine:\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cf0b3f3f-9740-40f9-b43e-118ce097f367/Protection%20monitoring%20regional%20analysis%202__April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_571/raw/doc_571_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_571/raw/doc_571_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7936d587ae5ce5145adfe4aa161909b5cf2c22c5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_571/raw/doc_571_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protec\ufffdon of Civilians\u2019 Note**\n**Conflict in Darfur: Key Protec\ufffdon Impacts in September-October 2024**\n\n**28 November 2024**\n\nThis brief by the Darfur Protec\ufffdon Sector is based on inputs from partners, community networks and other sources. It\nhas not been possible to verify all included informa\ufffdon due to access constraints and communica\ufffdons breakdowns.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n - Direct impacts of the conflict on civilians increased across the Darfur region over September and October. While\nthey remained most severe in North Darfur, there was a broader up\ufffdck in the frequency of aerial\nbombardments as well as armed clashes across the northern corridor of West Darfur.\n\n - The prolifera\ufffdon of small weapons and ineffec\ufffdve responses, or lack thereof, to criminality con\ufffdnue to\nunderpin significant ongoing protec\ufffdon risks for displaced and non-displaced civilian popula\ufffdons.\n\n - Against the backdrop of an intensifica\ufffdon of the conflict in parts of Darfur, there are increasing reports of\narbitrary arrest and deten\ufffdon based on suspected affilia\ufffdon with or support of par\ufffdes to the conflict.\n\n - Protec\ufffdon risks, including sexual violence dispropor\ufffdonately targe\ufffdng women and girls, con\ufffdnue to inhibit safe\nengagement in agricultural ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes with a\ufffdempts by local-level mechanisms to address related\nintercommunal tensions having mixed results.\n\n - Children have heightened exposure to protection risks linked to deepening food insecurity, family separation\nand death and injury caused by unexploded ordnance.\n\n**Overview:**\nA total of 178 protec\ufffdon incidents were\nreported by Darfur Protec\ufffdon Cluster members\nover September-October 2024, resul\ufffdng in the\ndeaths of at least 122 civilians and injuries to\n177, as well as the displacement of an\nes\ufffdmated 175,360 people. It is understood\nthat more incidents have occurred and that the\nimpacts of the reported incidents have not\nbeen captured fully as repor\ufffdng is hindered by\ncommunica\ufffdon challenges, constraints on\naccess and generalized insecurity. Armed\nconflict was once again the most frequently reported protec\ufffdon incident, with almost all of the reported incidents taking\nplace in North Darfur. While no incidents primarily categorized as crop destruc\ufffdon were captured in the incident tracker,\nsix incidents were categorized as being related to engagement in agricultural ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes and at least 3,000 farms were\nreported to have been destroyed as a consequence of flooding. The qualita\ufffdve feedback gathered from communi\ufffdes\nthrough protec\ufffdon monitoring and other channels, con\ufffdnues to indicate a much broader range of protec\ufffdon concerns\ninhibi\ufffdng access to agricultural land than the number of crop destruc\ufffdon incidents reported would suggest. Similarly,\nprotec\ufffdon monitoring indicates that GBV incidents take place much more frequently than reflected in the incident\ntracking data but remain underreported due to barriers to accessing relevant services and community s\ufffdgma.\n\n**Key Confict Impacts on Civilians:**\nThe civilian popula\ufffdon in **North Darfur** con\ufffdnued to be severely affected by direct impacts of conflict. Over September\nand October, the persistent use of explosive weaponry with wide-area effects in and around civilian se\ufffdlements,\nincluding ar\ufffdllery shelling and aerial bombardments, became more frequent despite this being at odds with the\nobliga\ufffdons of par\ufffdes to the conflict under interna\ufffdonal humanitarian law (IHL) regarding dis\ufffdnc\ufffdon, propor\ufffdonality\nand precau\ufffdons. During September, reported conflict incidents resulted in the deaths of at least 104 civilians and injury\nto more than 178 others. Ar\ufffdllery shelling was reportedly concentrated in loca\ufffdons including Mawashi market, Nebd\nEl Heyat Private Hospital, Zain Alabdin School, Al Sanosi School IDP gathering site, Abu Shouk IDP camp and mul\ufffdple\nresiden\ufffdal neighborhoods, while aerial bombardments took place across Al Wihda, Al Kifah, Al Hejra and Al Salam\nneighborhoods in El Fasher, as well as in Melit and Al Kuma. Over October, as the u\ufffdliza\ufffdon of heavy weaponry in and\naround El Fasher increased to almost daily, it became more difficult to gather informa\ufffdon about the number of casual\ufffdes\nresul\ufffdng from each incident. However, it is reasonable to assume that the numbers of those killed and injured con\ufffdnued\nto rise. On 3 October alone, an aerial bombardment of Al Kuma town reportedly hit the main market during market\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8ed2eb2-f457-4c7c-9452-de34169d0c6f/Protection%20of%20Civilians%E2%80%99%20Note%20-%20Conflict%20in%20Darfur%20-%20Key%20Protection%20Impacts%20in%20September-October%202024%20%2828%20November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "day, causing the deaths of 45 civilians including women and children as well as injuries to a number of others. In October,\naerial bombardments were reported in Jebal Amir area of Kebkabiya locality, in Dar Es Salam locality, and in Waddah\ntown and Al Kuma town, while ar\ufffdllery shelling in and around El Fasher reportedly impacted El Fasher\u2019s main market,\nAl Daraja area west of El Fasher, Abu Shouk IDP camp, Nefasha market, and the Saudi Hospital. Civilians a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to\nflee the city reportedly struggled to find safe routes of travel, with the route leading to Zamzam IDP camp rela\ufffdvely\nmore accessible for specific popula\ufffdons, even along that route, physical assaults and abduc\ufffdons have been reported.\nThe ethnic dimension of the conflict in North Darfur was also heightened during the repor\ufffdng period, this trend seems\nalso evident in the reported a\ufffdacks on Sayah town. The town was ini\ufffdally a\ufffdacked by a party to the conflict on 12\nSeptember, resul\ufffdng in the reported deaths of at least 17 civilians, injury to about ten more, arrest and deten\ufffdon of a\nfurther ten people, displacement and loo\ufffdng. Sayah is predominately populated by members of the Ber\ufffd tribe and\nNa\ufffdve Administra\ufffdon leaders accused perpetrators of the a\ufffdack of deliberately targe\ufffdng the tribe. Clashes between\npar\ufffdes to the conflict then erupted in the area in the last week of September, reportedly driving the displacement of a\nfurther 1,500 households from Sayah town. Displaced households began returning to Sayah shortly a\ufffderward only to\nface redisplacement when a\ufffdacks on the town were renewed on 6 October. These a\ufffdacks appear to breach IHL\nprohibi\ufffdons on the targe\ufffdng of civilian se\ufffdlements and contribute to entrenching actual and/or perceived tribally-based\nalignment with par\ufffdes to the conflict that risks further escala\ufffdon of violence across the state. Finally, there were\nincreased reports of par\ufffdes to the conflict restric\ufffdng the movement of commercial transporters in North Darfur in\nOctober that raise grave concerns about the withholding of food and other essen\ufffdal supplies. Restric\ufffdons were reported\nto have increased the prices of key commodi\ufffdes like wheat flour and sugar by between two to four \ufffdmes in affected\nareas, placing them further out of reach of displaced and conflict affected households. These prohibi\ufffdons on\ncommercial transporters add to the immisera\ufffdon of the civilian popula\ufffdon in El Fasher and contribute to siege-like\ncondi\ufffdons throughout the city and adjacent affected areas.\n\nTensions also escalated into figh\ufffdng between par\ufffdes to the conflict in the northern corridor of **West Darfur** over the\nsecond half of September and into October. On 14 September, clashes broke out between par\ufffdes to the conflict on the\nroad between Gozmino village and Jebel Moon mountain, followed on 27 September by RSF threats to launch a\ufffdacks\non Kulbus locality unless JPA forces withdrew from the area. Clashes ensued over 30 September and 1 October in Jebel\nAom, about 22km south of Kulbus town, and around Kishkish, about 13km north of Seleia in Jebel Moon locality. IOM\nDTM reported that 800 households were displaced from Jebel Aom as a result, and a further 1,406 households displaced\nfrom Seleia, with addi\ufffdonal displacement villages north and west of Seleia town. On 3 October, Abu Surouj and Bir\nSaliba in Sirba locality were shelled, reportedly killing four civilians, including two children, and injuring eight others.\nArmed elements then moved through the towns, reportedly loo\ufffdng civilian residences, markets, livestock and a\nnutri\ufffdon center in Bir Saliba, physically assaul\ufffdng civilians and driving displacement of an es\ufffdmated 7,255 households\nfrom the affected areas in chao\ufffdc condi\ufffdons that contributed to family separa\ufffdons. Aerial bombardments in and\naround Seleia on 6 October and 12 October, and targe\ufffdng Jebel Aom on 17 October, drove further displacement, injuries\nto civilians, killing of livestock and pushed farmers to establish temporary shelters on their farmland to avoid sleeping\nin the town. On 21 October, the figh\ufffdng reached the eastern parts of Kulbus town, reportedly resul\ufffdng in the deaths\nof seven civilians and injury to ten others as well as the displacement of an es\ufffdmated 3,000 households from Kulbus\ntown and 1,000 households from nearby loca\ufffdons. Armed elements then reportedly engaged in loo\ufffdng un\ufffdl\ncommunity leaders called on them to desist. The clashes also generated fears of spillover in Zalengei and Azum locali\ufffdes\nof **Central Darfur**, par\ufffdcularly over the last week of September and first weeks of October. These fears resulted in some\nprecau\ufffdonary displacement and early closure of the market on 6 October as traders moved their goods to their homes.\n\nBoth **East and South Darfur** were affected by aerial bombardments in September, reflec\ufffdng the con\ufffdnued increase in\nthe use of aerial bombardments across the Darfur region. This increase is highlighted in ACLED repor\ufffdng, [1] which\nindicates just six aerial bombardments across the Darfur region over the eight and a half months from the outbreak of\nthe conflict in April 2023 to the end of that year. In the first six months of 2024, this increased to 38 aerial\nbombardments, while over the period 1 July to 6 September a total of 53 aerial bombardments were reported. Further\naerial bombardments took place during September, with Ed Daein in East Darfur impacted by bombardments on 9 and\n11 September that reportedly resulted in the deaths of six civilians and injuries to others. Aerial bombardments of\nNyala in South Darfur also reportedly took place on 12 and 16 September. The bombardment on 16 September\nreportedly caused civilian deaths and injuries, as well as damage and destruc\ufffdon of the Police Commission, the\nDepartment of Social Welfare offices, and a security compound holding prisoners. Reportedly, deaths were\nconcentrated among the prisoners at the security compound and included a lawyer and doctor working there. On 24\nSeptember, further aerial bombardments of Ed Daein town targeted three loca\ufffdons including the area around the\nairport, east of the Health Insurance office and west of the Bashir Mosque. The bombardments reportedly caused the\ndeath of a civilian woman as well as damage to civilian houses and infrastructure, and prompted small scale\ndisplacement to different neighborhoods of Ed Daein.\n\n\n1 Available at: Ar\ufffdllery shelling and airstrikes surge in Sudan - September 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8ed2eb2-f457-4c7c-9452-de34169d0c6f/Protection%20of%20Civilians%E2%80%99%20Note%20-%20Conflict%20in%20Darfur%20-%20Key%20Protection%20Impacts%20in%20September-October%202024%20%2828%20November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Priority Protection Concerns:**\nAgainst a background of increased direct impacts of conflict, **generalized insecurity** con\ufffdnued to characterize the\nbroader protec\ufffdon context across Darfur reflec\ufffdng an atmosphere of impunity consequent upon the breakdown of law\nand order and the ongoing prolifera\ufffdon of weapons. Mul\ufffdple incidents were reported, with the most egregious\nreported in Dar Es Salam locality of North Darfur and Zalengei in Central Darfur, in which civilians were targeted for\nloo\ufffdng and violence by armed elements while a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to use or access communica\ufffdons devices, including mobile\nphones, starlink devices and internet cafes. These instances highlight both the opportunism of those engaged in criminal\nac\ufffdvi\ufffdes and the addi\ufffdonal barriers that civilians face when a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to maintain contact with rela\ufffdves and/or seek\ninforma\ufffdon about condi\ufffdons in other areas and access to services and assistance. In East Darfur, those travelling\nbetween different loca\ufffdons appeared to be par\ufffdcularly at risk of loo\ufffdng and carjacking. On 26 September, armed\nelements reportedly killed two civilians including the head of the Zakat Chamber of Sha\u2019aria locality while they were\ntravelling on the road to Ed Daein with carjacking described as the likely objec\ufffdve. On 15 October, a group of armed\nelements reportedly fired on a commercial truck transpor\ufffdng IDPs along the Adila-Al Mazroub road, about 100km east\nof Ed Daein, injuring two IDPs, before robbing passengers and carjacking the truck. Armed robbery was also reported\nin Nyala town, with a pharmacist shot and killed a\ufffder a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to resist being robbed by three armed elements who\naccosted him as he stepped out of a tuktuk on 25 September. Refugees living at Um Shalaya camp remained par\ufffdcularly\nvulnerable to criminality, with two incidents of armed robbery of refugees reported over 18-20 October, both affec\ufffdng\nrefugee men travelling between Um Shalaya town and the camp. The consistently high frequency of these types of\nincidents underpin widespread fear at the community level that inhibits civilians\u2019 freedom of movement, access to\nservices and engagement in public life. Problema\ufffdcally, there are concerning indicators of this violence and lawlessness\nbecoming entrenched, such as the growth of small weapons markets in Mukjar locality of Central Darfur.\n\nThere have been **localized efforts to reduce criminality** in some areas; however, these efforts do not so far appear to\nhave been effec\ufffdve. For example, in West Darfur, over 14-17 September three incidents were reported in Beida locality\nin which a shop in the market was looted of all goods and cash, armed youth a\ufffdempted to loot another shop in Al Salam\nneighborhood but were prevented from doing so by locals, and armed robbery amidst random shoo\ufffdngs was reported\nin Kongo Haraza. Similar incidents were reported to be ongoing rela\ufffdvely frequently in Beida in September despite the\nestablishment of a commi\ufffdee tasked with comba\ufffdng nega\ufffdve phenomena and a commitment from the Na\ufffdve\nAdministra\ufffdon to ensure that criminals would be held to account. In Kutum locality of North Darfur, it was reported\nthat a tradi\ufffdonal court composed of community leaders from different communi\ufffdes present in the area was established\nin August with the goal of addressing all forms of violence but reports in late October indicated that incidents of\nabduc\ufffdon and violence con\ufffdnued to take place in the main market and at private residences across the area with no\napparent follow up. While local-level ini\ufffda\ufffdves to reduce criminality have posi\ufffdve aspects, the way in which they are\nconducted o\ufffden reflects the changed community dynamics brought about by the conflict and can also be interpreted\nas intended to solidify those shi\ufffds. The implica\ufffdons of this trend include addi\ufffdonal challenges for any future efforts to\nrestore the rule of law in conflict affected areas.\n\nThroughout September and October, there were increased reports of formal **restric\ufffdons on freedom of movement**\nalongside the informal constraints on movement that displaced and non-displaced popula\ufffdons con\ufffdnue to experience,\nwhich o\ufffden stem from insecurity and inability to meet costs of travel. Formal restric\ufffdons were reflected in the\nimposi\ufffdon of curfews, which were reported in both Kebkabiya town in North Darfur and Zalengei town in Central Darfur\nin the first half of September. The curfew in Zalengei was implemented in response to increased rates of criminality but\nits imposi\ufffdon did not appear to lead to any reduc\ufffdon in criminal incidents. In mid-September, in Melit locality of North\nDarfur, RSF reportedly issued a decree obliging civilians to apply for a travel permit for any movements outside Melit\ntown. The decree reportedly had a significant impact on the movement of civilians, a\ufffder three male youth were shot\nand killed while a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to travel out of Melit to Al Malha without the required permit. Imposi\ufffdon of checkpoints\nwas also reported, par\ufffdcularly in West and North Darfur. In Beida locality of West Darfur, six new checkpoints were\nreportedly established in the south and east of the locality in the first week of October. In the neighboring locality of\nHabila, four checkpoints were reportedly re-established in the vicinity of a key border crossing point into Chad. Cases\nwere reported in which households from Habila wishing to cross into Chad to collect belongings were turned back at\nthe checkpoints but the reasons for their turn back remained unclear. In the first half of October, five checkpoints were\nreportedly established in the vicinity of Kassab IDP camp in Kutum locality of North Darfur. Mul\ufffdple reports of the arrest\nand deten\ufffdon of male IDP youth a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to cross the checkpoints were received, typically described as being linked\nto an imputed affilia\ufffdon with another party to the conflict. In conflict affected areas, constraints on freedom of\nmovement were more likely to be self-imposed due to fears of violence. For example, in the second half of October,\nviolence perpetrated by armed elements and opportunis\ufffdc criminality was reported to have become a key constraint\non freedom of movement of displaced and non-displaced popula\ufffdons in Kutum, Dar Es Salam, Kelemando and El Fasher\nlocali\ufffdes of North Darfur, with increasing reports of civilians a\ufffdemp\ufffdng to travel both within and between locali\ufffdes\nfacing sexual violence, physical assault and loo\ufffdng of personal belongings.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8ed2eb2-f457-4c7c-9452-de34169d0c6f/Protection%20of%20Civilians%E2%80%99%20Note%20-%20Conflict%20in%20Darfur%20-%20Key%20Protection%20Impacts%20in%20September-October%202024%20%2828%20November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Reported instances of **abduc\ufffdon, arbitrary arrest and deten\ufffdon** increased over September and October, poten\ufffdally\nreflec\ufffdng the up\ufffdck in the intensity of the conflict in specific areas. Incidents linked to suspicions or accusa\ufffdons that\nthe vic\ufffdms were suppor\ufffdng or collabora\ufffdng with a party to the conflict were par\ufffdcularly prevalent in North and West\nDarfur, and included abduc\ufffdons perpetrated by unknown armed actors as well as \u2018arrests\u2019 conducted by par\ufffdes to the\nconflict. For example, in the first week of September, a party to the conflit reportedly implemented a campaign\ndescribed as being designed to arrest spies for another party to the conflict in Melit locality of North Darfur. Also in\nMelit during the same period, two male youth were reportedly killed a\ufffder allega\ufffdons that they had pictures of a specific\ncommander affiliated with one party to the conflict on their mobile phones. The presence of sensi\ufffdve or controversial\nmaterial on mobile phones was also the pretext for the arrest of four youth from El Neem IDP camp in East Darfur on 9\nOctober. The youth were released on a guarantee that their families would make cash payments of SDG 500,000 each\nbut shortly a\ufffderwards three of the four were re-arrested and detained on suspicion of being agents for another party\nto the conflict. They were finally released on 22 October, a\ufffder their families made the agreed cash payments. The\nstopping of youth, allegedly by RSF personnel to search their mobile phones for sensi\ufffdve or controversial content was\nalso reported in Habila locality of West Darfur, resul\ufffdng in at least one youth being brought to the RSF office for further\nques\ufffdoning. He was released following the interven\ufffdon of community leaders.\n\nIn other cases, the pretext for arrest and deten\ufffdon incidents has been the provision of more direct support or\ncollabora\ufffdon with par\ufffdes to the conflict. For example, on 1 October, a group of youth travelling from Saraf Omra in\nNorth Darfur to El Geneina in West Darfur were reportedly arrested by RSF on suspicion of par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon in armed clashes\nin the northern corridor of West Darfur. Also in the first half of October, community leaders and youth in Kulbus were\nreportedly detained by JPA due to suspicion of collabora\ufffdon with RSF. They were released following the interven\ufffdon of\nother community leaders. Similarly, two tradi\ufffdonal leaders were reportedly abducted by a group of armed individuals\nin Abu Karinka town in East Darfur in late October on suspicion of affilia\ufffdon with a party to the conflict, and remain in\ncap\ufffdvity. Worryingly, at least one case was reported in which family members were targeted. In early October, a woman\nwas reportedly arrested by a party to the conflict in Sirba locality of West Darfur on the pretext that her sons were\nfigh\ufffdng on behalf of another party to the conflict. She reportedly died in custody in Abu Shajara village, about 50km\nwest of Sirba town. Aerial bombardments are o\ufffden followed by arrests of individuals suspected of providing\ncoordinates or otherwise enabling the targe\ufffdng of the bombardment. For example, the provision of this type of support\nwas the basis for the reported arrest of nine newly arrived IDPs in Kebkabiya in the first half of October. Unconfirmed\nreports of mistreatment, torture and forced confessions while in deten\ufffdon have been received but follow up with those\naffected by specific incidents is constrained by the ongoing conflict and dysfunc\ufffdonal communica\ufffdons networks, as well\nas vic\ufffdms\u2019 fears of reprisals for any reports they may make.\n\nMul\ufffdple cases of **abduc\ufffdon for ransom** were reported in Kalma IDP camp in South Darfur. This is a new phenomenon\nthat was not observed in South Darfur previously and appears to be dispropor\ufffdonately impac\ufffdng IDPs in Kalma camp.\nThe reason for these dispropor\ufffdonate impacts may be linked to the large popula\ufffdon of the camp, the se\ufffdlement of\nNomadic groups adjacent to the farmland relied upon by IDPs from the camp, and the historical absence of any\nmeaningful rela\ufffdonship between camp leaders and local authori\ufffdes. There have also been recent allega\ufffdons against\nKalma camp residents of the\ufffd of livestock from herders in the area, which have created (or exacerbated) tensions and\nmay be further increasing risks of protec\ufffdon incidents targe\ufffdng camp residents. Four recently reported abduc\ufffdon\nincidents include those of a 14 year old boy, and three men aged between 21 and 50. The child was released following\npayment of a SDG 2,000,000 ransom. A ransom was also requested in the case of a 40 year old man abducted on 15\nOctober; however, his family is unable to pay the requested amount of SDG 5,000,000. Kalma IDP camp residents\ndescribe the abduc\ufffdons for ransom as cons\ufffdtu\ufffdng \u2018a business\u2019 for the perpetrators. Camp leaders have a\ufffdempted to\nmi\ufffdgate risks through nego\ufffda\ufffdon with Nomadic leaders from nearby se\ufffdlements to improve security and prevent\nprotec\ufffdon incidents but are yet to see posi\ufffdve impacts from these discussions.\n\nThe success of the ongoing agricultural season is vital to ameliora\ufffdng the risks of famine that are spreading across Darfur\nbut con\ufffdnued reports of **protec\ufffdon incidents inhibi\ufffdng safe engagement in agricultural ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes** increase risks that\nthis objec\ufffdve will not be met. Generalized insecurity was reported to prevent access to farmland in a number of cases.\nFor example, in the first half of September, IDP farmers in Mukjar locality of Central Darfur reported that the increased\nfrequency of armed robbery and loo\ufffdng caused them to decrease movement to their farms. Similar concerns, linked\nboth to criminal ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes (including incidents of sexual violence) undertaken by unknown armed elements and those\na\ufffdributed to par\ufffdes to the conflict, were reported in Um Tajouk in Kreneik locality of West Darfur in both September\nand October, in Habila town of Habila locality in West Darfur in early October, in Kelemando localty of North Darfur in\nearly October, and in Kassab IDP camp in Kutum in the la\ufffder half of October. There were a significant number of crop\ndestruc\ufffdon incidents reported, many resul\ufffdng in death or injury to farmers who a\ufffdempted to push back incursions of\nlivestock on to their farms, par\ufffdcularly in Zalengei, Wadi Salih and Azum locali\ufffdes of Central Darfur, Habila and Beida\nlocali\ufffdes of West Darfur, and Kelemando, Saraf Omra and Kebkabiya locali\ufffdes of North Darfur. Broader tensions\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8ed2eb2-f457-4c7c-9452-de34169d0c6f/Protection%20of%20Civilians%E2%80%99%20Note%20-%20Conflict%20in%20Darfur%20-%20Key%20Protection%20Impacts%20in%20September-October%202024%20%2828%20November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "between herders and farmers were also reported in a number of loca\ufffdons. In the first half of September, a dispute\nbetween farmers and herders around Jafafeil village in the rural area of El Fasher locality of North Darfur reportedly\nresulted in the killing of two herders and one farmer. Those tensions escalated in the second half of September, leading\nto an armed a\ufffdack against Jafafeil village that drove displacement of residents to Silik IDP gathering site in Korma.\nFollowing the displacement, the village was reportedly looted. Similar tensions arose in Kelemando locality of North\nDarfur, where local media\ufffdon mechanisms are weaker, and led to the killing of a farmer and his wife in Bahr Omdurman\nvillage in late September. In East Darfur, heavy rains enabled herders to remain in the border areas of South Sudan for\nlonger than normal, providing addi\ufffdonal \ufffdme for farmers to harvest crops. Despite this, tensions over livestock routes\nin Sha\u2019aria, Yassin and Abu Karinka locali\ufffdes of East Darfur did escalate into disputes in late September. Those disputes\nwere successfully mediated by Crop Protec\ufffdon Commi\ufffdees, which opened livestock migra\ufffdon routes that mi\ufffdgated\ncrop destruc\ufffdon in early October; however, these areas (along with Assalaya, Bahr Al Arab and El Firdous) will remain\nhotspots for escala\ufffdon of tensions related to land use un\ufffdl the conclusion of the winter season in early 2025. In other\nareas, interven\ufffdon by Crop Protec\ufffdon Commi\ufffdees has been less successful. For example, in Habila locality of West\nDarfur, camels were reportedly released onto farms and destroyed many of them in late September. When the incident\nwas reported to RSF by the Crop Protec\ufffdon Commi\ufffdee, the camels were corralled pending compensa\ufffdon of the farmers\nby the responsible herders. However, the herders\u2019 tribe mobilized and obtained the release of the camels by force,\ncrea\ufffdng risks of further escala\ufffdon drawing in a response by RSF elements. The Na\ufffdve Administra\ufffdon intervened to deescalate the tensions but community members and leaders remain concerned about residual tensions in the area. The\nongoing conflict provides a backdrop against which individual crop destruc\ufffdon incidents and longstanding tensions\nbetween farming and herding communi\ufffdes have drama\ufffdcally increased poten\ufffdal to escalate into violence, highligh\ufffdng\nthe need for effec\ufffdve local mechanisms capable of media\ufffdng disputes not only to contribute to safeguard the\nagricultural season and improve food security but also to mi\ufffdgate broader risks of figh\ufffdng breaking out.\n\nPhysical insecurity and food insecurity combined to substan\ufffdally undermine the capacity of communi\ufffdes and caregivers\nto ensure the fulfilment of **children\u2019s rights** during the repor\ufffdng period. In par\ufffdcular, deepening food insecurity\ndeprived children of access to sufficient food to ensure their healthy development, and drove them to engage in risky\ncoping mechanisms. For example, in mid-September, in Central Darfur, lack of access to adequate food reportedly drove\nfour children in the Funga IDP camps of Hilat Saboon, Bele and Munde to eat poisonous plants that killed them. Similarly,\nin late October, newly arrived IDPs in Sabreen, Lagwa, Gereida and Al Manar gathering sites in Ed Dain locality of East\nDarfur were suffering so severely from hunger that they ate garbage, resul\ufffdng in poisoning that dispropor\ufffdonately\nimpacted children. Lack of access to food also led five refugee children from Beliel camp in South Darfur to a\ufffdempt to\nsteal food from nearby farms, a\ufffder which they were detained for the\ufffd. The criminaliza\ufffdon of children in conflict with\nthe law in these circumstances of extreme depriva\ufffdon conflicts with children\u2019s rights to protec\ufffdon and care. Children\nlacking family support also appear to be increasing in number in some areas, poten\ufffdally reflec\ufffdng a range of factors\nincluding family separa\ufffdon during displacement but also economic constraints that are preven\ufffdng parents from\nproviding care for their children. Towards the end of September, leaders at Kalma IDP camp in South Darfur started\nregistering children living on the street who were approaching the camp for support because their numbers had\nincreased so significantly and shortly a\ufffderwards, in early October, the head of the commi\ufffdee at the camp reported that\na newborn infant had been found abandoned in the camp. Children con\ufffdnue to be at increased risk of death and injury\nfrom unexploded ordnance and, in late October, the detona\ufffdon of an explosive in Tumbasi neighborhood of El Fasher\ncaused the deaths of two children and one older woman returning to their gathering site.\n\n**Conclusions and Key Messages:**\n\n - In alignment with the recommenda\ufffdons for protec\ufffdon of civilians issued by the UN Secretary General on 21\nOctober 2024, [2] par\ufffdes to the conflict are urged to:\n\n`o` confirm that clear command orders and codes of conduct are in place and enforced to ensure that\ninterna\ufffdonal humanitarian law and interna\ufffdonal human rights law are upheld by all forces under their\ncommand and control;\n\n`o` cease the use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects in populated areas, vacate public buildings\noccupied for military purposes and enable safe passage of civilians out of conflict affected areas;\n\n`o` engage construc\ufffdvely in nego\ufffda\ufffdon of scalable, local-level ceasefires and other de-escala\ufffdon or\nviolence-reduc\ufffdon measures to protect civilians and prevent the further spread of conflict; and,\n\n`o` work with key partners to establish a robust and transparent compliance mechanism as a cri\ufffdcal step\ntowards ensuring that the Jeddah Declara\ufffdon commitments are realized on the ground.\n\n - Humanitarian actors are encouraged to mi\ufffdgate expanding risks of famine by strengthening the capacity of\nCrop Protec\ufffdon Commi\ufffdees to mediate disputes and facilitate demarca\ufffdon of, and promote adherence to,\nmigratory routes and \ufffdming.\n\n\n2 Available at: Recommenda\ufffdons for the protec\ufffdon of civilians in the Sudan.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8ed2eb2-f457-4c7c-9452-de34169d0c6f/Protection%20of%20Civilians%E2%80%99%20Note%20-%20Conflict%20in%20Darfur%20-%20Key%20Protection%20Impacts%20in%20September-October%202024%20%2828%20November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_572/raw/doc_572_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_572/raw/doc_572_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 90a639155a5ce3a9a073d676c8fe9d67662c6f38..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_572/raw/doc_572_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1085 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Protection Sector Analysis Report**\n#### **_December 2024 \u2013 March 2025_** **_Protection Sector, Lebanon_**\n\n## **Introduction**\n\nThis Protection Sector Analysis Report by the Protection Working Group covers the recent developments in Lebanon, focusing on the period following\nthe ceasefire announcement in Lebanon on 27 November 2024 and the cross-border displacement of Syrians following the fall of the Assad government in\nSyria. This report provides an overview of the protection situation from December 2024 to March 2025 focusing on emerging trends, key protection risks\nand the ongoing protection response. It is based on available qualitative and quantitative data from Protection sector partners. During this period, Lebanon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Sector Analysis Report", - "confidence": 0.9984793066978455, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8381243348121643, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Working Group", - "confidence": 0.9999289512634277, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8988382816314697, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.66468745470047, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.6282506585121155, - "start": 73, - "end": 74 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Evolving Context**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Key messages**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 A Cadaster is the administrative level of government below a district.\n2 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113771\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Internal displacement and movement to and from Syria**\n\nRefugees, IDPs of all nationalities and returning IDPs, vulnerable Lebanese including those who remained in conflict affected areas and migrants have all\nbeen affected by the conflict in Lebanon and the changes in Syria during this period. This has resulted in different displacement and movements to areas\nof return within Lebanon as well as movement to and from Syria during this period.\n\n**IDPs and returning IDPs**\n\n\n\n\n\n**899,725**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|346,209 201,820
28,965 55,491 74,471 86,874 91,288 91,405 93,393 94,126 96,829 98,750 113,729 115,438 98,875 95,834 92,825 96,037 93,306|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**26**
**21**
**26**
**Oct**
**Nov**
**Dec**
**2023**|**23**
**27**
**26**
**2**
**28**
**25**
**23**
**27**
**29**
**30**
**24**
**5**
**Jan**
**Feb**
**Mar**
**Apr**
**May**
**Jun**
**Jul**
**Aug**
**Sep**
**Oct**
**Nov**
**Dec**
**2024**|**8**
**26**
**5**
**12**
**19**
**26**
**Jan**
**Feb**
**Mar**
**2025**|\n\n\n\nAt the height of the conflict, an estimated 1 million IDPs were displaced\nthroughout the country including Lebanese, secondarily displaced Syrians,\nother refugees including Palestinians and migrants. This included 188,000\nIDPs, the vast majority Lebanese, who were staying in 1,175 emergency\nshelters while others stayed with relatives, rented lodging, or remained in\nconflict zones due to limited options.\n\n\nFollowing the ceasefire, the speed of return of IDPs closer to their area of\norigin was extraordinary, with over 786,000 of almost a million IDPs\nmoving to their pre-ceasefire cadaster within one week of the ceasefire,\nand almost 903,000 moving within two weeks (by December 12, 2024).\nAs of 27 March 2025, 965,360 have returned to their pre-conflict\ncadasters. [3] For many of these returning IDPs, the return to their cadasters\nof origin has not meant a durable solution to their displacement. Many\nhomes are uninhabitable due to damage or destruction (see above),\ndamaged areas lack basic services like water and electricity (see below),\nand there are ongoing risks from unexploded ordinance and continued\nshooting and shelling. [4] In addition, Syrian IDPs faced challenges to return\nwith only 64% of Syrians returning to their area of origin within Lebanon\nimmediately following the ceasefire, compared to 82% of Lebanese. [5] It is\nestimated that 70% of the Palestine Refugees in Tyre \u2014around 39,900\nindividuals\u2014were displaced at the peak of the emergency. [6]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nsimilar to those living in the host community described above, these IDPs\nalso have a high level of vulnerability, with 81% of these IDPs having a person\nwith a vulnerability, particularly health condition or person with disability, in\ntheir family. [10]\n\n**Reasons not to to return for IDPs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAs of 27 March, over 93,000 people remain displaced in Lebanon. [7] The vast\nmajority of those who remain displaced are in the South and Nabatieh governorates and the main reasons they are unable to return is due to destruction\nof housing, safety concerns including fear of continuation of the conflict,\npolitical developments in Syria (among Syrians) and lack of financial means. [8]\n\n\nLack of basic services were also reported as barriers to return (see below).\nFor those who remain displaced, the availability of long-term shelter\nsolutions remains limited. Rental prices have increased in urban areas,\nstraining the financial resources of displaced families. Syrian refuges and\nmigrant workers remain hesitant to return to the southern regions due to\naccess restrictions, rental barriers, and ongoing discrimination. Following the\nceasefire, at least 35 measures were announced in the South by 25 municipalities and 8 non-state actors, preventing Syrian refugees to return to their\nvillages of previous residency until further notice, as well as limiting their\nability to rent accommodation to non-Lebanese, leaving them displaced and\nvulnerable. [9] Just under 1,700 Lebanese IDPs remain in 21 Collective shelters\n(as of March 20) \u2013 while the main reasons for these IDPs not to return are\n\n\n\n**Movement to Syria under Duress:** An estimated 557,000\nindividuals (63% Syrian, 37% Lebanese) crossed into Syria under duress\n(that is, due to adverse circumstances during the conflict in Lebanon)\nbetween September and 27 November 2024. Many Syrians who fled to\nSyria during the conflict were not amongst those known to UNHCR\nLebanon. Of those known to UNHCR and where data was available in\nSyria, 44 % returned to Lebanon within three months. (see below for\nmore information on cross-border movements).\n\n\n\n**https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mobility-snapshot-round-82-27-03-2025?close=true** 3 IOM Mobility Snapshot - Round 82 - 27-03-2025 | Displacement Tracking Matrix\n\n\n\n**https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mobility-snapshot-round-82-27-03-2025?close=true** 3 IOM Mobility Snapshot - Round 82 - 27-03-2025 | Displacement Tracking Matrix\n\n4 **https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072** Lebanon: UNHCR - Protection Monitoring Findings - December 2024\n5 Ibid\n6 No estimates are available for the Burj Barajneh Palestinian Camp area and surrounding areas.\n7 **https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mobility-snapshot-round-82-27-03-2025?close=true** IOM Mobility Snapshot - Round 82 - 27-03-2025 | Displacement Tracking Matrix\n8 Returning IDPs situation.pdf and IDP Protection Monitoring Report, February 2025 (pending publication) **https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view**\n910 **https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view** Document - Lebanon: UNHCR - Protection Monitoring Findings - December 2024 Returning IDPs situation 21 Feb with map.pdf - Google Drive\n\n\n\n4 **https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072** Lebanon: UNHCR - Protection Monitoring Findings - December 2024\n\n\n\n7 **https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mobility-snapshot-round-82-27-03-2025?close=true** IOM Mobility Snapshot - Round 82 - 27-03-2025 | Displacement Tracking Matrix\n\n\n\n**https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view**\n\n\n\n910 **https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view** Document - Lebanon: UNHCR - Protection Monitoring Findings - December 2024 Returning IDPs situation 21 Feb with map.pdf - Google Drive\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Internal displacement and movement to and from Syria", - "confidence": 0.6069332957267761, - "start": 4, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7147904634475708, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "pre-ceasefire cadaster", - "confidence": 0.9763481020927429, - "start": 608, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9847379326820374, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cadasters\nof origin", - "confidence": 0.5305966734886169, - "start": 664, - "end": 667 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.6200466752052307, - "start": 744, - "end": 745 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7365734577178955, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Mobility Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.953544020652771, - "start": 1192, - "end": 1195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7401608228683472, - "start": 1152, - "end": 1153 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8212408423423767, - "start": 1090, - "end": 1091 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8055223226547241, - "start": 1135, - "end": 1136 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.8625801801681519, - "start": 1138, - "end": 1139 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Mobility Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.9956783652305603, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5842310786247253, - "start": 1226, - "end": 1227 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8107506036758423, - "start": 1224, - "end": 1225 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5221242904663086, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1234 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Round 82 - 27-03-2025", - "confidence": 0.5103024244308472, - "start": 1212, - "end": 1216 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Returns to Syria following the ceasefire:** The fall of the Assad\nGovernment in Syria on 8 December 2024 has renewed hopes among\nSyrian refugees about returning home. Among the refugee community in\nLebanon, there were signs of excitement but also hesitancy due to the\nuncertainty in Syria. UNHCR estimates some 371,900 Syrians have\ncrossed back to Syria via neighboring countries since 8 December 2024.\nOf this figure, some 123,328 are estimated to be Syrian individuals\nreturning from or via Lebanon including up to 50% Syrians from abroad\ntransiting through Lebanon or those with residency in Lebanon engaging in\ntemporary or pendular movements. UNHCR in Lebanon regularly verifies\nreported returns of Syrians against its records. So far in 2025, 97,021\nindividuals have been inactivated from UNHCR's registration records in\nLebanon due to verified or presumed return, including 65,417 individuals\nwho fled during the escalation of hostilities in Lebanon in 2024 and who\nremained in Syria (see above). [11] In January, 24% of surveyed Syrians and\n13% of PRS in Lebanon indicated plans to return home to Syria in the next\n12 months [12] - for more information see below.\n\n\n## **Key Protection Risks** **Impact of the armed conflict**\n\n**Casualties and injuries**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**New arrivals from Syria:** The changes in Syria have also triggered a\nnew wave of displacement from Syria to Lebanon. Between December 8,\n2024, and March 31, 2025, UNHCR identified over 119,000 new arrivals\nacross all governorates through various sources (primarily the\ngovernment DRM Unit) of which 98,988 are estimated to be Syrians, and\napproximately 20,000 are Lebanese. Baalbek-El Hermel hosts the highest\nnumber of new arrivals (89,000), with Syrians making up approximately\n77% (69,000). In February, the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) with\nsupport of UNHCR and in collaboration with Intersos initiated a profiling\nexercise at the household level and including also those new arrivals in\nBekaa and El Hermel. As of end of March 2025, nearly 7,600 household\nsurveys have been already carried out. Prioritized needs identified so far\ninclude: 74% financial support/cash, 67% shelter/accommodation, 38%\nfood, 24% employment/livelihood, 20% CRIs, 20% education, and 20%\nhealth services. Furthermore, 31% requested information on services and\nassistance, 16% legal support, 10% protection services for adolescent girls\nand women, 10% protection services for children, 6% support in family\nreunification, and 5% protection services for support to older persons.\nSouth, El Nabatieh and BML regions have significantly lower numbers\n(3,463 and 423 respectively), all Syrians. This data indicates that the Bekaa\nremains the primary entry point for new arrivals into Lebanon, primarily\nfrom Homs governorate. On the Lebanese side, arrivals are largely\nentering through Hezbollah-controlled areas, particularly in El Hermel.\n\n\nFrom March 6 to 31, over 24,000 Syrians had arrived in the North and\nAkkar fleeing the escalating hostilities in the Tartous, Lattakia, Homs, and\nHama Governorates of Syria. Over 17,000 people have arrived in 24\nvillages in Akkar governorate. The highest concentrations were in\nMassoudieh, Tall Bire, Hokr ed Dahri and Hissa. Districts in North\nLebanon governorate, such as Tripoli (Jabal Mohsen), El Koura and\nZgharta, have also received over 6,000 new arrivals [13] .\n\nOther, dispersed, low scale arrivals, have also been reported in Beirut and\nother urban areas and contacted partners call centres and hotlines.\n\n\n**119,000**\n**new arrivals across all governorates**\n**98,988**\n**are estimated to be Syrians**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSince the beginning of the hostilities on 8 October 2023 until March 20,\nthe conflict has claimed the lives of more than 4,267 people in Lebanon,\nincluding more than 1,100 women and children, 241 medical workers, and\nhumanitarian staff has injured around 17,579 others. [14] The period of peak\nescalation from mid-September to the ceasefire on 27 November was the\nmost deadly, resulting in over three times as many causalities and injured\npersons, a significant proportion of which were civilians, as there was since\nthe start of hostilities to mid-September 2024. [15] In addition, UNRWA\nrecorded four Israeli strikes targeting Palestine Refugee camps during the\nescalation: El Buss Camp on 29 September and 21 November, Ein el\nHilweh Camp on 1 October, and Rashidieh Camp on 26 November.\nFurthermore, UNRWA recorded three strikes targeting Palestine\nrefugees outside of the camps.These strikes inside and outside of camps\nresulted in at least 29 Palestinian fatalities.\n\n\n**Post-conflict impact casualties and injuries**\n\n\n\n11 UNHCR Lebanon, Syrian returns & movements snapshot, 31 March 2025\n12 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114221\n13 Updated figures from UNHCR. See also Lebanon: Flash update on new arrivals from Syria | Global Focus Lebanon: Flash update on new arrivals from Syria | Global Focushttps://reporting.unhcr.org/lebanon-flash-update-new-arrivals-syria-10640\n14 See Lebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in Lebanon, as of 20 March 2025 [EN/AR] | OCHA. Figures for injuries and deaths are from the Lebanese Ministry of Health and do not https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/lebanon/lebanon-glance-escalation-hostilities-lebanon-20-march-2025-enar\ndistinguish between civilians and combatants.\n15 Lebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in Lebanon, as of 09 January 2025 https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-glance-escalation-hostilities-lebanon-09-january-2025-enar\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9624033570289612, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "profiling\nexercise at the household level", - "confidence": 0.6123971343040466, - "start": 377, - "end": 383 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8845834136009216, - "start": 400, - "end": 401 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.7586592435836792, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "requested information on services and\nassistance", - "confidence": 0.5722944140434265, - "start": 462, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9472796320915222, - "start": 530, - "end": 531 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian returns & movements snapshot", - "confidence": 0.8368284702301025, - "start": 922, - "end": 927 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Post-conflict impact casualties and injuries", - "confidence": 0.5257912278175354, - "start": 911, - "end": 916 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8530993461608887, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5423275232315063, - "start": 756, - "end": 757 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9358537197113037, - "start": 930, - "end": 931 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since the ceasefire, the Lebanese authorities have reported a total of 1,100\nceasefire violations, resulting more than 100 deaths and over 330 injuries\nsince November 28 to March 24. [16] This included the deaths of at least 61\ncivilians, including 10 women and 9 children, between 28 November 2024\nand 24 March 2025, as per the initial review of incidents by OHCHR. On\n22 March, following rocket fire from Lebanon into Northern Israel, [17] the\nIsraeli forces responded with the most intense aerial bombardment in four\nmonths, resulting in the death of eight [18] people including a child and at\nleast 40 others injured according to Lebanon\u2019s Ministry of Health. Initial\nreview of the incidents by OHCRC suggests that of the eight people killed,\nfour were civilians, including one child, one woman and two men.\nPost-ceasefire Israeli military operations have continued to take place in\nthe areas of Tyre, Bentjbeil, Marjaayoun, Nabatieh and Saida and parts of\nthe Bekaa Valley and Zahle after the ceasefire.\n\n\nOn 26 January 2025, the 60-day ceasefire agreement between Lebanon and\nIsrael was set to expire, by which time Israel should have completed the\nwithdrawal of its forces south of the Blue Line. However, Israel confirmed\nthat it would continue its presence beyond the initial 60 days, insisting that\nthe conditions for its withdrawal \u2013 the deployment of the Lebanese Armed\nForces (LAF) in southern Lebanon with the retreat of Hezbollah north of\nthe Litani river \u2013 had not been satisfied. On 26 January, upon expiration of\nthe ceasefire deadline, Lebanese residents were determined to return to\ntheir southern villages, notwithstanding the continued military presence of\nIsraeli forces. The ensuing confrontation between residents and Israeli\nmilitary resulted in the latter opening fire and killing more than 20 people,\nincluding several children, and injuring more than 100 others according to\nMinistry of Public Health of Lebanon. As per initial review of the incidents\nby OHCHR, the fatalities included 17 civilians (5 women, 2 children, 10\nmen), 2 LAF soldiers and 3 militants. There were no reports or indications\nthat returnees or LAF acted violently against Israeli forces.\n\n\nWhile Israel has withdrawn from the majority of the area of Southern\nLebanon it occurred during the escalation in late 2024, as of late March\n2025, Israel retains control over a number of locations within Lebanese\nterritory adjacent to the border in an estimated area of 10 sq kilometers\nin the South. The Israeli Army maintains its presence at five strategic\npoints and media reports indicate that the Israeli Army is enforcing four\nso-called buffer zones along the Blue Line within Lebanon, within which no\nLebanese presence is accepted.\n\n\nThe armed conflict has also led to widespread destruction and damage of\ncivilian infrastructure (including schools, hospitals, religious and cultural\nsites) and agricultural land, has severely interrupted access to essential\nservices including education and healthcare, and has had a significant\nimpact on livelihoods (see below). The conflict has been particularly\ndetrimental for groups in vulnerable situations including women and\nchildren, persons with disabilities, older persons, migrant workers and\nrefugees as well as other groups marginalized based on their legal or social\nstatus or gender who have faced greater exposure to unequal access to\nshelter, exploitation, abuse, and exclusion from services. The grave toll on\ncivilian lives and civilian infrastructure has also raised serious concerns\nunder international humanitarian law and international human rights law.\n\n**Explosive remnants of war and unexploded ordnance**\nBefore and post-ceasefire, unexploded ordnance (UXO) has been a major\nconcern, posing severe risks to civilians, especially children who are\ndisproportionately affected as they are less aware and play in areas that\nmight still be contaminated with UXO. Lebanon has been affected by\nunexploded ordnance (UXO) including cluster munitions from conflicts\nsince 1975. Lebanon was close to meeting its commitments under the\nCluster Munitions Convention (CCM) and was planning its strategy to\n\n\n\ndecrease its mine action programme. The recent conflict has pushed these\naspirations back possibly decades. Lebanon will be asking for an extension\nto its commitments under the CCM in 2025 to allow time for an\nassessment and analysis of the situation. The full survey including the new\ncontamination will not be completed until Q4 2025, but was started once\naccess into the areas of potential contamination was possible.\n\n\nEight casualties have been recorded by the Lebanese Mine Action Centre\n(LMAC) from December 2024 to March 2025, all males who were injured,\nincluding a UNIFIL peacekeeper injured in Yater (Nabatiyeh). This is\ncompared to five (all male, 3 killed, 2 injured) in 2024. Approximately 60%\nof the casualties were caused by tampering with UXO, and approximately\n30% were moving debris, the later which is a new phenomenon and one\nthat is a concern for the coming months and years and people rebuild their\nhomes and businesses, with two accidents being reported at debris\nmanagement sites since access was possible. In addition, UNRWA\ndocumented that on 25 December, a 27-year-old Palestine Refugee in\nRashidieh Camp brought a UXO into his home. The device detonated,\nkilling him and injuring his two-year-old daughter. The Government of\nLebanon manages its mine action programme through the Lebanese Mine\nAction Centre (LMAC), who coordinate the efforts of four international\nand three national NGOs along with the explosive ordnance disposal\n(EOD) teams from the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF). Since the ceasefire\nthese teams have removed over 250,000 items of UXO.\n\n**Impact of the conflict on civilian infrastructure**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nExtensive damage to civilian infrastructure including roads, water,\nelectricity, schools, health centers and municipal buildings has worsened\nthe crisis. According to the Ministry of Health 17 primary healthcare\ncenters and 1 hospital remain closed limiting access to critical healthcare\nservices. The education sector has also been affected, with four schools\nremaining closed as they are being used as collective shelters for displaced\nfamilies. Moreover, 46 water facilities have been destroyed, impacting\naccess to clean water affecting nearly 497,000 residents who now face\nwater shortages. [19] Furthermore, 2,192 hectares of agriculture land have\nbeen damaged, directly impacting the livelihoods of those depend on\nfarming for income and food security. [20]\n\n**Infrastructure damage**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Around 45,400 housing units were**\n**destroyed, 74,300 partially**\n**damaged, and 43,200 suffered**\n**light damage**\n\n\n\n16 https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/lebanon-reports-israeli-cross-border-incursion-despite-ceasefire/3518092\n17 No group has claimed responsibility and no injuries were reported in Israel.\n18 While the Ministry of Health initially reported the deaths of 7 people, one womahttps://t.me/dahieh **n** subsequently succumbed to her wounds bringing the death toll to eight.ews/36460\n19 Lebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in Lebanon, as of 20 March 2025 [EN/AR] - Lebanon | ReliefWebhttps://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-glance-escalation-hostilities-lebanon-20-march-2025-enar\n20 According to the National Council for Scientific Research\n21 https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099030125012526525/pdf/P506380-f58e9761-b29e-4d62-97c3-ebf5a511c4e1.pdf\n\n\n\nhttps://t.me/dahieh **n** ews/36460\n\n\n\nLebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in Lebanon, as of 20 March 2025 [EN/AR] - Lebanon | ReliefWebhttps://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-glance-escalation-hostilities-lebanon-20-march-2025-enar\n\n\n\nhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The World Bank has estimated that 162,900 housing units\u2014approximately\n10 percent of Lebanon\u2019s pre-conflict housing stock\u2014have been impacted by\nthe conflict, resulting in physical damage estimated at US$4.6 billion. Around\n45,400 housing units were destroyed, 74,300 partially damaged, and 43,200\nsuffered light damage. [21 ] The Southern and Nabatieh Governorates were the\nhardest hit, with 18,507 buildings either fully or partially destroyed. Marjaayoun district was the most impacted, with over 27% of its buildings\ndestroyed, followed by Bent Jbeil at almost 15%. The Bekaa and\nBaalbek-Hermel Governorates also saw significant damage, with hundreds\nof buildings destroyed. Substantial infrastructure damage was reported in\nBaalbek, West Bekaa, and Zahle, particularly affecting residential and market\nareas. Shelter damages included broken windows, doors, and damaged\nroofs. The total economic loss, including physical damages, is estimated at\nUS$8.5 billion. An assessment revealed that at least 14 schools were\ndestroyed, around 105 were heavily damaged, and nearly 500, which had\npreviously been used as collective shelters, sustained light damage.\n**Impact on services and gaps in humanitarian assistance**\nPost-ceasefire, significant gaps remain in essential humanitarian services,\nincluding food aid, cash support, hygiene kits, and mental health services,\nparticularly in southern Lebanon, Bekaa and Hermel. [22] Cash assistance is\ninsufficient, leaving many unable to meet their basic needs. The lack of\nresources following the funding cuts have resulted in gaps in shelter, food,\neducation and healthcare. Many individuals and families are still unable to\n\n\n\naccess adequate shelter, a large number of people living in overcrowded\nconditions in their own houses or staying with relatives. [23] Local authorities\nface difficulties providing essential services, such as healthcare, education\nand waste management. Resources for basic needs, such as food, water,\nand hygiene supplies, remain scarce, particularly for those most at risk and\nmarginalised, including refugees, migrants, and those with specific needs\nlike the elderly or people with disabilities. With limited livelihood\nopportunities and ongoing economic strain, many displaced persons face\nthe harsh reality of continuing instability and a lack of support systems to\nhelp them rebuild their lives. IDPS and returning IDPs of all nationalities in\nFebruary reported a lack of health care and medication (20% of\nrespondents), education services, (13%) Protection (13%), CP (12%) and\nGBV services (10%). [24]\n\n**Environmental damage**\nSince the conflict began, significant environmental damage has occurred\nacross Lebanon, particularly in the South, Bekaa, and Mount Lebanon. The\ndestruction of forests, woodlands, and agricultural land, exacerbated by\nthe use of white phosphorus and bombardments, has led to severe soil\ncontamination and loss of fertile farmland. Coastal areas south of the Litani\nRiver have also been impacted, with warnings issued to fishermen.\nAgricultural activities, such as olive, grape, and citrus harvesting, were\nheavily disrupted due to airstrikes, with at least 130 municipalities affected.\n\n\n## **Communal tensions and Protection issues for Syrians, refugees** **of other nationalities and Migrants**\n\n\n\n**Communal tensions**\nPost-ceasefire, tensions have increased between IDPs both Lebanese,\nSyrians and migrants and host communities\u2019 populations. [25] Disparities\namong Lebanese households, particularly between those who received\nassistance to rehabilitate their homes and those that did not, contributed\nto frustration and tensions. [26] Discriminatory practices have been\nreported, including that IDPs of all nationalities are charged higher rental\nfees than local residents for similar accommodation. [27] Refugees and\nmigrants have been particularly affected by these practices and in addition\nthere have been reports of verbal or physical harassment. Rising\ncompetition for housing, jobs, and aid has exacerbated social tensions,\nwith local communities expressing frustration over the perceived inequity\nin resource distribution.\n\n\nLong standing tensions also continue between Lebanese and Syrian\ncommunities. Following the fall of the Assad government, pressure from\nLebanese communities for Syrians to return to Syria has increased\nincluding on social media. [28] While some authorities have stated that return\nshould be safe and voluntary, other local or national authorities or political\nactors have called for immediate widespread return, despite the\nconditions in Syria (see above). Such public pressure for premature\nreturns which are not in line with international standards for the\nvoluntariness of return or cessation of refugee status risk to further fuel\nanti-refugee rhetoric and restrictive policies and practices (see below).\n\n\nFollowing the recent events in Syria, tensions have escalated along the\nLebanese-Syrian border, particularly in the Baalbek-Hermel region, as\nclashes between the Syrian Armed Forces and Lebanese tribal groups\nintensified in mid-March. [29] The violence posed significant risks to civilians\nand humanitarian operations, with mortar shells hitting residential areas\nand disrupting access. Humanitarian organizations suspended activities\nnear the border, restricted staff movement, and engaged with local\nauthorities to assess risks and ensure the safety of operations.\n\n\nIn addition, following the fall of the Assad government in Syria, there were\nreports of tensions between Sunni communities and newly arrived Shia\nand Alawite individuals. The new arrivals have largely settled within those\nof a similar religious or sectarian background, and some participants in\nFocus Group Discussions reported feeling safe when they live in areas of\ntheir own community, particularly those that had preexisting ties with\nLebanese who had previously lived in Syrian and who have welcomed the\nnew Syrian arrivals to their community. Given the different profile of those\nin Lebanon prior to December 9 (predominantly Sunni, as well as other\nminorities), and those who arrived after the fall of the Assad government\nin both Bekaa and the North who have been predominantly Shiite and\nAlawite there are reports of lack of trust and suspicion between these\ncommunities, who were perceived to be aligned with different groups\nwithin the conflict in Syria (noting that this may or may not have been the\n\n\n\ncase). In addition, in the North, there has been increased resentment\namong local authorities due to the repercussions of the new influx on\nstrained infrastructure and services and a surge in security concerns and\nonline sectarian rhetoric driven by misinformation and politicization of\ncriminal activities \u2013 for instance, the misattribution of an assault in Jebel\nMohsen to a sectarian group in mid-March led to spike in online negative\nSyrian sentiment along sectarian lines. [30]\n\n\nTensions related to provision of and access to services were also\ncommonly reported. Among Lebanese, the perception that Syrians receive\npreferential treatment in terms of services continues to be widespread.\nWhile Syrians do have defacto access to many services, including health\nservices, in practice, Syrians report discrimination in how these services\nare provided \u2013 for instance with health services being denied to Syrians or\nLebanese being prioritized over Syrians. [31] Some local authorities in the\nmost conflict affected areas stated that while they would like to provide\nservices to both Lebanese and Syrians, where assistance was insufficient,\nthey would prioritize Lebanese. These various tensions, along with political\ninstability and misinformation, threaten social cohesion and stability,\nhighlighting the urgent need for inclusive support and dialogue. [32]\n\n**Barriers to legal residency for refugees and migrants**\nPrior to and following the ceasefire, lack of legal residency continued to\nhave major impact on the safety and security of Syrians and PRS. Latest\navailable figures from the VASyR 2024 indicate that only 18% of Syrians\nhave legal residency and 93% of Syrian families in Lebanon have at least one\nmember in their household lacking legal residency, exposing them to high\nrisks of arrest and deportation, limiting their access to services, education,\ncivil documentation and work opportunities. In May 2024, GSO has halted\nall residency renewal for PRS. This means that by the end of the year,\nvirtually all of the estimated 27 000 PRS in Lebanon do not have valid legal\nresidency heightening their protection risks. During period of heightened\nescalation, restrictions on those without legal residency were not heavily\nenforced by the authorities. After the ceasefire, the North in particular\nwitnessed a return to strict enforcement of restrictions on Syrians\nwithout valid legal residencies at checkpoints. This resulted in persons\nself-restricting their movements, using alternative roads to avoid\ncheckpoints or being arrested at checkpoints. In other areas such as the\nBekaa, challenges continued for those lacking legal documentation,\nparticularly when crossing checkpoints, as well as during raids, group\narrests and deportations. In the South, previously hosting the highest\npercentage of those with residency, Syrians witnessed difficulties to obtain\nnew or renew current legal documents and were often met with\nunexplained delays when processing renewals or having their renewal\nrequests refused altogether. Following the fall of the Assad government in\nDecember, Syrians commonly expressed concern concerns of not being\nable to remain in Lebanon and/or losing access to humanitarian assistance. [33]\n\n\n\n22 https://www.anera.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/January-2025-Lebanon-Situation-Report.pdf\n23 https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-glance-escalation-hostilities-lebanon-06-march-2025-enar\n24 IDP Protection Monitoring Report February 2025 (pending publication)\n25 UNDP December Intra-Lebanese Tension monitoring report\n26 SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM27 Ibid\n28 Ibid\n29 https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/flash-report-clashes-lebanese-syrian-borders\n30 Document - Lebanohttps://data.u **n** : Inter-Sector Coordination Group Meehcr.org/en/documents/de **t** ing - 4 Apr 2025ails/115511\n31 SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM32 For information on communal relations and tensions prior to the escalation in 2024, see here: DataHub Details | TMShttps://tms-lebanon.com/data-hub/21\n33 SPEAC Quarthttps://driv **e** rly Protection Monitoring Repor.google.com/drive/folders/1Zz **t** Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.crJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n\nSPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n\nDocument - Lebanohttps://data.u **n** : Inter-Sector Coordination Group Meehcr.org/en/documents/de **t** ing - 4 Apr 2025ails/115511\nSPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSMFor information on communal relations and tensions prior to the escalation in 2024, see here: DataHub Details | TMShttps://tms-lebanon.com/data-hub/21\n\n\n\nSPEAC Quarthttps://driv **e** rly Protection Monitoring Repor.google.com/drive/folders/1Zz **t** Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.crJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9088233709335327, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.6474941372871399, - "start": 1396, - "end": 1397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8919664025306702, - "start": 1415, - "end": 1416 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9937014579772949, - "start": 1397, - "end": 1398 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7534171342849731, - "start": 1397, - "end": 1398 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.8958162665367126, - "start": 1387, - "end": 1388 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Protection Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.7405421733856201, - "start": 1676, - "end": 1680 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.684030294418335, - "start": 1679, - "end": 1680 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9977524876594543, - "start": 1658, - "end": 1659 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9561321139335632, - "start": 1681, - "end": 1682 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9546756744384766, - "start": 1840, - "end": 1845 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7875235676765442, - "start": 1843, - "end": 1844 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9983333945274353, - "start": 1830, - "end": 1831 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.570960283279419, - "start": 1836, - "end": 1837 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Virtually all estimated 27,000**\n**PRS don't have legal residency**\n\n\nThe escalation of conflict in Lebanon further exacerbated protection risks\nfor Palestine Refugees from Syria (PRS) have who continued to limit\nrestrict their movements due to fear of detention for lacking legal\nresidency. This limitation severely impacted their ability to seek safety,\nleaving many trapped in conflict-affected areas. This impacted on the ability\nof families to move to safer areas. During the reporting period, UNRWA\nbecame aware of nine cases of PRS detained by the Lebanese General\nSecurity Office (GSO). Two individuals were released, while six were\ndeported to Syria. PRS students expressed concern to UNRWA that\nuniversities have restricted their enrolment for the academic year due to\nlack of legal residency. Additionally, PRS continued to face civil registration\nchallenges, particularly in registering new events such as births, deaths, and\nmarriages due to them being tied to legal residency.\n\n\nFor migrants, a significant number were either left by their employers\nduring the escalation and/or have returned to find their livelihood gone.\nWith documentation confiscation being a common practice among\nemployers of migrant workers (including migrant domestic workers),\nmany lack their civil documentation, and are not able to reach their\nemployers after the displacement. As migrants\u2019 residency permits are\noften being linked to a sponsor (employer) under the kafala system, the\nwidespread displacement of migrants, and their subsequent loss of\nlivelihood have further increased the number of migrants facing an\nirregular status in Lebanon, further exacerbating their vulnerability to\ntrafficking and exploitation. Particularly for female migrant workers the\nabsence of legal residency results in dependency on their employers and\nincreased exposure to exploitation, including sexual exploitation.\n\n\nDespite these challenges, the authorities did announce measures to\nfacilitate the departure of Syrians with irregular status. On 19 December\n2024, the Information Affairs Office of the General Security Office (GSO)\nissued a statement requesting Syrian national (with irregular residency\nstatus who have scheduled flight departures) through Rafic Hariri\nInternational Airport between midnight and 8:00 AM to apply to the\nSettlement Division at least 24 hours prior to departure to resolve any\nrequired status issues. In addition, on 19 December 2024, the GSO issued\nan announcement allowing Palestinian Refugees from Syria (PRS) to leave\nLebanon after regularizing their status free of charge. This decision follows\nUNRWA\u2019s advocacy efforts to facilitate the return to Syria of PRS who\nmay have been deterred by the regularization fees.\n\n**Deportations, restrictive measures and raids against Syrians**\nSyrian refugees continue to face risk of forced deportations and report\nself-restricted movements due to fear of detention at checkpoints.\nFollowing the ceasefire there was a significant increase in the measures\nagainst Syrians. Deportations increased dramatically immediately following\nthe ceasefire, with almost half of the persons deported for the entire year\nof 2024 being deported in December. Reported deportations decreased\nmarkedly in the first three months of 2025: with an estimated 8% people\ndeported in March 2025 compared to those deported in December 2024.\nBetween 1 December 2024 and the end of March 2025, a total of 58\ncheckpoint arrest incidents were reported.\n\n\nRaids: The number of raids in houses fluctuated significantly over the\nthree-month period from December 2024 to February 2025 and were\nfocused only in the Bekaa region, reflecting shifts in security dynamics. In\nDecember 2024, raids reached a high level (67), likely due to intensified\nsecurity operations following the ceasefire and political changes in Syria,\nwith a focus on irregular arrivals and potential security threats. However,\nin January 2025, the number of raids dropped sharply to just 6, possibly\ndue to cross-border military escalations in Bekaa, leading to a temporary\nshift in enforcement priorities. By February 2025, raids rose again to 32,\nsuggesting a renewed focus on security measures, potentially in response\nto increased border movements or concerns over illegal activities\nassociated with the ongoing displacement crisis.\n\n\nAdministrative Measures: The administrative measures have exhibited a\nclear downward trend over the last months. In December 2024,\nrestrictive measures were notably high at 69, reflecting strict enforcement\nfollowing the ceasefire and preparations for the return of displaced\nindividuals, including Syrians. The primary focus of these measures was in\nthe North and South, with restrictions mainly targeting rental\naccommodations in the South and arrests at checkpoints in the North,\nparticularly in response to the collapse of the Assad government and the\nsubsequent influx of Syrians fleeing through Lebanon\u2019s northern borders.\nIn January 2025, the number of recorded measures dropped by nearly 50%\nto 35, with enforcement continuing to focus on checkpoint arrests in the\nNorth and rental restrictions and curfews in the South. By February 2025,\n\n\n\nthe number declined even further to just 7, marking a significant 80%\ndecrease compared to the previous month. This sharp decline suggests\nthat the measures were scaled back, likely due to shifts in Syria\u2019s political\nlandscape and the possibility of Syrians to return to their country of origin\nwithout fear of persecution or security threats.\n\n**Returns to Syria**\nWith the fall of the Assad government in Syria in December, many Syrian\nrefugees in Lebanon expressed both hope and uncertainty about the\npossibility of returning to Syria as the situation in Syria remains complex\nand uncertain. In December, there was an increase in movements to Syria\nfrom Lebanon, with many of these initial movements involving crossing of\nunofficial border crossing to assess shelter conditions, locate missing\nfamily members, or secure urgent necessities like medication. While risks\nrelated to persecution by the former Government have ceased, other\nrisks may persist or even become more pronounced. Given the volatile\nand evolving security dynamics in Syria, UNHCR continues calling on\nStates to allow civilians fleeing Syria access to their territories, to ensure\nrespect for the principle of non-refoulement at all times, and not to\nforcibly return of Syrian nationals and former habitual residents of Syria,\nincluding Palestinians previously residing in Syria, to any part of Syria \u2013 see\nUNHCR 2025 updated position on return to Syria. In January 2024, a https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113771\nUNHCR [34] survey found that 24% of Syrian refugees in Lebanon expressed\nan intention to return to Syria within 12 months, a marked increase from\nonly 1.2% in July 2024. 55% expressed no intention to return to Syria\nwithin 12 months, while 21% were undecided about return in the next 12\nmonths. In February 2024, an UNRWA survey found that 13% of PRS\nexpressed intention to return to Syria within 12 months with only 36% of\nthose surveyed feeling that they had sufficient information to decide\nwhether to return. Key barriers to return included lack of shelter,\nlivelihoods and services as well as safety and security concerns. Some of\nthose who traveled to Syria in December and January eventually returned\nto Lebanon, due to the high cost. [35] UNHCR has deactivated 97,021 Syrians\nknown to UNHCR who are presumed to have returned to Syria there as\nof 31 March 2025. [36 ] Initial reports suggest those who arrived after the fall\nof Assad government, particularly those who experienced, [37] are less likely\nto be willing to return than many of those who fled to Lebanon during the\nAssads government rule. Given the fluidity and uncertainty of the situation\nin Syria both the intentions and ability of Syrian refugees to return to Syria\nwill continue to evolve.\n\n\nFor migrants, evacuation and voluntary humanitarian return started in\nOctober and continued through to December 2024 by Embassies,\nConsulates, IOM and community networks and civil society. 4,868\nmigrants approached IOM seeking return assistance from October to\nDecember - several thousand were able to return to their country of\norigin including 504 returned with IOMs support from December 2024\n-March 2025. Following the ceasefire, around 20% of those seeking return\nassistance changed their minds following the ceasefire. While the number\nof requests for return have reduced following the ceasefire, there are still\na large number of migrants seeking assistance return, and the number is\nstill much higher than the capacity following funding cuts.\n\n\n**Several thousand migrants were**\n**able to return to their country of**\n**origin including over 500**\n**supported by IOM**\n\n\n\n34 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114221\n35 SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM36 UNHCR, Lebanon Syrian returns & movements snapshot, 31 March 2025\n37https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view Ibid\n\n\n\nSPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n\n37https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view Ibid\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded measures", - "confidence": 0.625956654548645, - "start": 842, - "end": 844 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.5173971056938171, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8405001759529114, - "start": 837, - "end": 838 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.594775915145874, - "start": 753, - "end": 754 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.9414324164390564, - "start": 779, - "end": 780 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNRWA survey", - "confidence": 0.8637757301330566, - "start": 1199, - "end": 1201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9334865808486938, - "start": 1134, - "end": 1135 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNRWA", - "confidence": 0.9480104446411133, - "start": 1199, - "end": 1200 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9588749408721924, - "start": 1126, - "end": 1127 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "PRS", - "confidence": 0.9563871026039124, - "start": 1206, - "end": 1207 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8110719919204712, - "start": 1541, - "end": 1547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8496869206428528, - "start": 1545, - "end": 1546 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9957942962646484, - "start": 1546, - "end": 1547 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9638233780860901, - "start": 1552, - "end": 1553 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.9399361610412598, - "start": 1508, - "end": 1509 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Increased crime, violence, exploitation and psychosocial distress**\n\n**All populations reported a wide range of protection issues including violence, exploitation and psychological distress during this period. Among IDPs and**\n**returning IDPs, the most reported protection risks were psychosocial distress, GBV and child protection risks, discrimination or stigmatization based**\n**on nationality (particularly for non-Lebanese), issues related to legal status or other forms of documentation and separation from family members.** **[38]**\n\n**Main protection risks for the IDPs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**General safety concerns**\nConcerns about safety and security were among the most reported\nprotection risks across all populations, with theft and looting being reported as the most frequently reported concern (reported by 22% of Key\nInformant Interviews) particularly in January. 64% of these cases occurred\nin North Lebanon and Akkar governorates, areas which have previously\nreported widespread poverty and high crime rates. Psychological and\nemotional abuse were also common concerns, which were highest in the\nSouth among PRL, followed by Lebanese and Syrians. [39]\n\n**Gender-based Violence (GBV)**\nGBV risks have been exacerbated by war and displaced, particularly in\nsouthern border areas as well as other conflict affected areas such as\nBekaa and Baalbek El Hermel. GBV partners reported increased intimate\npartner violence, significant increase in GBV risks in collective sites and\nincreased harmful practices such as child marriage and child labour exposing children to sexual assault and other forms of GBV. Women and girls\nfaced heightened risks of sexual exploitation and assault including by\nrelatives or strangers in overcrowded collective shelters or shared accommodation lacking basic privacy or segregated wash facilities. Syrians,\nmigrants and other population groups faced restricted and unequal access\nto shelter due to nationality or perceived affiliations, forcing them to sleep\noutdoors or in inadequate shelter types overcrowded. Life-saving services\nwere highly impacted and damaged, including GBV and Clinical Management of Rape (CMR) services with several facilities (26% of the facilities\nproviding CMR services were affected) being closed and only recently\nreconstructed or reopened. This has significantly impact women and girls\u2019\naccess to services and disclosure of GBV. The significantly reduced access\nto GBV services was also reflected in the 2024 GBV IMS report indicating\na reduction of reported incidents of 38% between Q3 and Q4 of 2024. [40]\n\n\nPost-ceasefire disclosures of GBV in collective sites as well as in shared\nhomes and during domestic or agricultural labour have been observed\nacross the country. Female headed households, children and adults with\ndisability have faced disproportionate exposure and access challenges\nduring and post ceasefire. Limitations of reporting GBV to law enforcement actors persist due to fears of stigma and retaliation, limited judicial\nresources and lack of trust in the relevant national authorities. Women\nand girls safe spaces and case management coupled with MHPSS services\nand access to SRHR are critical needs post-ceasefire. Moreover, the newly\narrived and displaced women and girls are in high need of dignity kits and\npersonal care items that help maintain their dignity, health, safety, and\nmobility when accessing basic services.\n\n\nA significant rise in technology-facilitated GBV (TFGBV) was observed in\nthe GBV Safety Audit conducted between July and November 2024,\nincluding cyber harassment and online grooming, particularly in South and\nBML, highlighting the need for digital literacy and legal protection. [41 ]\nNegative coping mechanisms including, adolescent girls being forced to\nmarry early as an economic survival strategy within their communities and\nincreased anxiety and stress among women and girls due to challenges\nrelated to access to GBV services, primarily legal and MHPSS services,\nrestriction on movements, volatile and unpredictable security, and\npresence of armed forces.\n\n\n**https://dtm.iom.int/reports/mobility-snapshot-round-82-27-03-2025?close=true** https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072\n\n\n38 IDP Protection Monitoring Report, February 2025 (pending publication)\n39 Ibid\n40 GBV Safety Audit 2024, Lebanon, GBV Working Group\n41 Ibid\n42 IDP Protection Monitoring Report, February 2025 (pending publication)\n\n\n\n**Child Protection**\nChildren\u2019s protection has been severely negatively affected by the long\nmonths of war, displacement, destruction of houses and homes as well as\nloss of and separation from close family members. Interruption of daily\nroutines, being accommodated in overcrowded housing without privacy\nand lack of access to child-friendly spaces and education have added to\ndistress and feelings of fear and instability widely reported by child protection actors. Gender-based violence was widely reported against children\nincluding as described above child marriage, as well as psychological and\nemotional abuse. [42 ] Continued displacement, inflation and slow rehabilitation efforts have increased the economic vulnerability of families, which\ncontributed to an increase in both child marriage and child labour. Widespread psychosocial distress (see below) and in increase of substance\nabuse among girls and boys were also reported during this period by child\nprotection actors.\nThe lack of education is another key driver of child protection risks. The\nescalation in conflict had a severe impact on access to education for all\nchildren, specifically Syrian and Palestinian refugee children, and children of\nmigrants and refugees of other nationalities. The postponement of the\n2024-25 academic year disrupted their right to education and further\nexacerbated the vulnerabilities of these children, many of whom already\nencounter difficulties face challenges enrolling with the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEHE) due to requirements related to\nresidency. In addition, displacement due to conflict also disrupted learning,\nas the frequent movement relocations of families, and access to stable\ninternet and laptops/smart phones made it difficult for children to consistently engage with their remote education.\n\n\nAccess to birth registration is a crucial protection mechanism for all\nchildren \u2013 the ceasefire and return of large numbers of IDPs to their cadasters of origin made access to birth registration significantly easier than in\nthe previous 2 months. In addition, on 03 February 2025, the Director\nGeneral of the Personal Status Department (PSD) issued a circular that\nextended the application of the waiver for registration of birth and death allowing Syrian children born between October 2023 and March 2025 to\nbe registered at the PSD Nofous level without requiring a court decision,\neven if the standard one-year registration deadline has passed. This waiver\nis important for all Syrians and is particularly important for families\nplanning to return to Syria to ensure that they have evidence of the identify\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key\nInformant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.8701044917106628, - "start": 154, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5248740315437317, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8676904439926147, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 GBV IMS report", - "confidence": 0.8091321587562561, - "start": 426, - "end": 430 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7737481594085693, - "start": 429, - "end": 430 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IMS", - "confidence": 0.5657673478126526, - "start": 428, - "end": 429 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9997759461402893, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8514556288719177, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Audit", - "confidence": 0.756928563117981, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8050621747970581, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Protection Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.7613080143928528, - "start": 699, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6486762166023254, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV Working Group", - "confidence": 0.8279120922088623, - "start": 720, - "end": 723 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8448761701583862, - "start": 718, - "end": 719 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6985783576965332, - "start": 705, - "end": 706 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5121498107910156, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Evictions and Housing Land and Property**\nThe conflict in Lebanon has worsened housing insecurity, exposing refugees,\nmigrants and vulnerable communities to abuse and exploitation.\nDestruction and damage to large number of houses and displacement\nresulted in increase in rental prices during the conflict and continued in\nsome areas following the ceasefire, particularly in areas of returning IDPs [43]\nwhere rental costs exponentially increased, doubled and sometimes\nincreased threefold. Many displaced individuals lost their legal documents\ndue to bombings and displacement, making it more difficult to prove\nhomeownership, renew rental agreements, or access aid. Some landlords\nand property owners took advantage of this legal limbo, inflating rents,\nenforcing arbitrary evictions, and exploiting undocumented tenants. For\nreturning IDPs, especially migrants, refugees of other nationalities and\nothers renting privately, some returned to find their former homes were\nlooted, damaged and/or facing unpaid rental costs for the months they had\n\n\nreported similar widespread economic exploitation. Increased economic\nhardship has pushed many, including men, women and children, into\nprecarious, exploitative employment, increasing their vulnerability. High\nunemployment rates and rising inflation exacerbate the situation.\n\n\nMigrants continue to face specific protection risks related to employment\nstemming from the Kafala system. During the months of escalation\nEmbassies, Consulates and humanitarian organizations and interest groups\nreported migrant domestic workers being left behind during displacement\nby their employers, often without their own documentation. Partners\nnote difficulties in supporting them regularizing their status and/or\nrecuperating their documents, especially when employers have left the\ncountry, or are irresponsive. For the migrants, both domestic workers\nand other migrant workers, the lack of livelihood due to the displacement\n\n- often in combination with a loss of documentation and sponsorship/legal\nstatus also leaves them highly vulnerable to labour exploitation.\n\n**Persons with disabilities**\nPersons with disability have been disproportionately affected by war,\ndisplacement and destruction of houses property and the number of\npeople facing disabilities as a direct result of the hostilities has also\nincreased. During the war, persons with disabilities faced challenges in\naccessing information, in reporting abuse or violence or sharing needs for\nevacuation from high risk or hard-to-reach areas. Post-ceasefire,\n\n\n\nOrganizations working for Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) highlighted\nexposure to violence, including sexual violence of children and adults with\ndisability during the war. Often their exposure remained unrecognized or\nnot reported for fear of further retaliation, including by service providers\nin charge of collective sites as well as lack of awareness on their rights\nincluding best interests\u2019 considerations. In the aftermath of the war, those\nconcerns are being disclosed by those living with disability, parents or\ncaregivers. Needs to enhance inclusive communication with communities\nthrough mechanisms accessible to persons with specific needs and\nenhanced accessibility to public schools used as shelters have come up as\na critical need in this period and a key preparedness action in case of\nreescalation of the conflict.\n\n**Psychosocial distress and mental illness**\nPsychological distress has been prevalent among all affected populations\n\n\ncontinue to be, at the frontlines of the response, often while\nthemselves facing prolonged displacement or still hosting displaced\ncommunity members. Migrants IDPs returning to the South, whether\nrequired to do so by their employers, or due to lack of shelter and\nlivelihood options elsewhere, report similar symptoms.\n\n\n- Despite these challenges, as per the KIIs with IDPs conducted in the\nNorth, only 15% were aware of available mental health services,\nwith awareness especially low among the 85% living outside\ncollective shelters.\n\n\n- High levels of psychosocial distress were reported among Syrian new\narrivals, particularly those that fled and/or experienced violence\nduring the flight to Lebanon. [52] Yet access to PSS services among\nSyrian newcomers continues to be insufficient. This is due to several\nfactors including a lack of community familiarity with PSS activities,\nprioritization of basic needs, and a lack of available services.\n\n\n**Psychosocial distress was the**\n**most reported protection risks**\n**by 41% of respondents**\n\n\n\n43 Ibid\n44 IDP Protection Monitoring Report February 2025 (pending publication)\n45 SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM46 IDP Protection Monitoring Report February 2025 (pending publication)\n47 Q4 Syrian protection Monitoring report, UNHCR and SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115060 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM48 IDP Protection Monitoring Report February 2025 (pending publication)\n49 Child Focused Rapid Assessment, UNICEF, 2025\n50 Ibid\n51 SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.\n52 North Protection monitoring reportshttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_nhT1e4miXfw4zNstCR4vzeClw7LfJou\n\n\n\nSPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n\nQ4 Syrian protection Monitoring report, UNHCR and SPEAC Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Lebanon, November 2024 \u2013 January 2025.https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115060 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM\n\n\nhttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_nhT1e4miXfw4zNstCR4vzeClw7LfJou\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs with IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8456256985664368, - "start": 620, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North", - "confidence": 0.5498822331428528, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.607054591178894, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian new\narrivals", - "confidence": 0.595291018486023, - "start": 661, - "end": 664 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Protection Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.6642704606056213, - "start": 752, - "end": 756 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8490275740623474, - "start": 678, - "end": 679 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7163271903991699, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian new\narrivals", - "confidence": 0.5225966572761536, - "start": 661, - "end": 664 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Q4 Syrian protection Monitoring report", - "confidence": 0.8251000046730042, - "start": 788, - "end": 793 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5218566060066223, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.66459721326828, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8824222087860107, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6050965189933777, - "start": 774, - "end": 775 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **More information on protection** **situation**\n\nMore information on the protection situation from December 2024 \u2013\nMarch 2024 is available below:\n\n\n\n**https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115060**\n\n**Syrian PM Q4**\n**IDP protection monitoring reports https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072**\n\n**https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM-**\n\n**Cross population PM report Nov 24-Jan 25**\n\n**https://tms-lebanon.com/Tension Monitoring**\n**https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114221Syrian refugee return survey**\n\n**https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_nhT1e4miXfw4zNstCR4vzeClw7LfJou**\n\n**North protection monitoring reports**\n\n\n\n**https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115060**\n\n\n\n**https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072**\n\n\n\n**https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZztcrJnk_QVpRRchx553Y8GkSmUjqSM-**\n\n\n\n**https://tms-lebanon.com/Tension Monitoring**\n**https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114221Syrian refugee return survey**\n\n\n\n**https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_nhT1e4miXfw4zNstCR4vzeClw7LfJou**\n\n\n## **Protection response**\n\nDuring the Emergency, the Protection Sector developed a list of\nprioritized activities across Protection, CP and GBV partners. [53] Priorities\nincluded life-saving case management services, cash for protection\npurposes, information and awareness on access to services including in\ncollective shelters, community-level outreach and information\ndissemination as well specialized services for persons with disability and\nolder persons as well as support to the increased psychosocial support\nneeds. At sectoral level, protection monitoring to identify protection risks\nand trends across sectors as well as upscaling of the coordination of the\nsector at national and subnational level was also prioritized.\n\n\nThe protection sector including child protection and GBV continued to\nprovide key protection interventions to all affected populations following\nthe ceasefire including community-based protection initiatives, as well as\nprotection response services such as protection cash and case\nmanagement and specialized support to persons with disabilities. Given\nthe rapid population movements within Lebanon as well and cross-border\nmovements to and from Syria following the fall of the Assad government,\nthe sector has prioritized the most affected geographical regions \u2013 in\nparticular scaling up programming in the most conflict affected areas,\nwhich also had large numbers of returning IDPs, in the South and\nNabatieh, Bekaa and Southern suburbs of Lebanon and refocusing on\nprotection programming in the community as most collective sites rapidly\nclosed. The protection programming developed for the emergency\nresponse [54] was adapted with an increased focus on information about and\nreferral to available services and rights, Psychosocial support, Mine Risk\nAwareness, and partnership with and support to local CBOS and NGOs\nwho had remained in these conflict affected areas when they were not\naccessible to other organisations during the escalation of hostilities.\n\n\n**15,000 received information and**\n**dignity kits from GBV partners**\n\n\nIn mid-December, as approximately 90,000 new arrivals rapidly entered\nLebanon to Bekaa and Hermel following the fall of the Assad government,\nprotection partners mobilized to provide protection programming in the\ncollective sites and communities. However, due to access issues, lack of\nfunding and limited capacity of protection partners particularly in Hermel\nthe needs continued to exceed available protection services \u2013 for instance,\nof the 263 informal collective sites assessed only 9 per cent were regularly\nreceiving specialised protection services, while only 27 per cent had a safe\nspace for disclosure by end March. [55] In the North, protection partners were\nable to mobilise to respond to new influx after the escalation of conflict on\nthe Syria coast on March 6 based on existing geographical division of\nresponsibilities among partners and capacity for protection monitoring but\nsignificant gaps remain due to lack of funding and lack of space in collective\nsites and surrounding villages for protection programming. [56 ]\n\n\nFrom early 2025, protection partners began preparing to support Syrians\nconsidering return to Syria. This included provision of information and\ncounselling to ensure that decision to return to Syria is informed and\nvoluntary \u2013 for instance through the development and dissemination of a\n\n\n\ndedicated UNHCR Help page with information on return. UNHCR also\nworked closely with the Lebanese authorities to agree to a plan to support\nreturn through go and see visits for Syrians to assess the situation in Syria,\nfinancial and other support self-organized return, and governmentorganized returns.\n\n\nDuring this period, the significant population movements, and the resulting\nchanges in protection risks mean that protection monitoring was critical\nto enable protection programming to be adjusted promptly. Monitoring,\nanalysis and risk mitigation were key as the situation continued to evolve\nto allow the humanitarian community to undertake evidence-based\nadvocacy and adjust programming to mitigate protection risks. During\nthis period, protection actors developed an interagency protection\nadvocacy strategy. Key priorities include advocacy on key policy reforms\non access to legal residency and civil registration, supporting communities\nto engage in local community led advocacy with authorities and other\nstakeholders, and advocacy with donors to sustain funding to critical\nprotection including child protection and GBV programming. Another key\narea that was scaled up in this period was explosive ordnance risk\neducation (EORE). Once civilians started moving home, the mine action\nsector has delivered a significant number of EORE activities, including the\ndistribution of over 1.5 million leaflets at roadside check points, roadside\nbillboards and media campaigns. The mine action sector is supported by\nUNDP and UNICEF and coordinated through the Social Stability Sector.\n\n\nChild protection actors have been providing a range of child protection\nservices during this period, including information and awareness raising on\nchild protection risks and services, psychosocial support to children and\ncaregivers including the in the South and in collective centers, child\nprotection case management and border monitoring including to prevent\nand address separation. Child protection actors have been active at border\ncrossings with Syria to prevent family separations, distributing identification\nbracelets and facilitating family reunifications, with 89 out of 54 identified\nunaccompanied children reunited with their families by end March.\n\n\nGender-based Violence coordination and response was scaled up during the\nescalation and following the ceasefire in the different field locations. During\nthis period, the GBV Working Group published a GBV Safety Audit on risks,\nresponse challenges and strengthened guidance on programmatic\nadaptation and advocacy actions, based on data collected from July \u2013\nNovember 2024. The Safety Audit highlighted the increased levels of\nviolence within families, significant GBV risks in IDP shelters as well as the\ndisproportionate exposure to GBV of groups marginalized based on their\nnationality, legal and social status, gender or belonging to specific social\ngroups. Key recommendations to strengthen GBV risk mitigation across the\nresponse of all sectors. Following the ceasefire, GBV actors focused on\nre-establishing offices and safe spaces to strengthen access of GBV survivors\nto GBV case management, psychosocial support and prevention services.\nPartners conducted outreach to communities to provide information on\nservices and dignity kits to over 15,000 women and girls of reproductive\nage. An updated Guidance Note on Dignity Kits was developed, outlining\nthe items in the kit and how to link distribution of dignity kits to information\nand access to services. As many partner centers and safe spaces have been\ndamaged and affected by the conflict, after the ceasefire, guidance was also\ndeveloped to harmonize the activities and strategies to implement Women\nand Girls Safe Spaces across partners in Lebanon. In addition, a GBV WG\nmapping of safe spaces was conducted to identify existing GBV support\nstructures, gaps in serve provision as well as potential synergies with other\nexisting static and mobile protection structures and services (e.g.\nCommunity Centers, Social Development Centers).\n\n\nWhile the protection response was overall well-funded in 2024 [57] - with\nthe Protection Sector funded at 70% - the freezing of funding by the US\nauthorities in late January 2025 had a significant impact on the ability of\nprotection partners to respond to the multiple, complex, evolving\nprotection needs of the different populations outlined above. In 2024, US\nfunding was approximately 20% of the sector, going up to approximately\n40% for general protection. As a result of the projected significant\nreduction of funding for protection programming in 2025, the protection\nsector is developing prioritization guidelines to support partners to\ngeographically and programmatically ensure that core protection\nprogramming is available for the most vulnerable within the community,\nincluding displaced Syrians with disability, older persons, woman-headed\nhouseholds and people at risk of physical and legal protection concerns\nincluding being exposed to physical, emotional or sexual violence. The\nguidance outlines core protection activities to support the most at risk,\npriority geographical regions and how to adapt protection interventions to\naddress the needs different population groups, including refugee groups\nand new arrivals, internally displaced persons and migrants. This will\nensure a harmonized approach by protection actors to targeting,\nstreamlining implementation methodologies and strengthening\ncross-sectoral synergies while ensuring access to critical protection\nservices for the different population groups affected.\n\n\n\n53 Protection, Child Protection and GBV Emergency Guidance on protection response in and outside collective shelters https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Y0U0XlB21FKrSZNPT9bOYE_1-2oegohq\n54 Available here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Y0U0XlB21FKrSZNPT9bOYE_1-2oegohq\n55https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/reports/87cdd419-28e4-4603-9491-359d9dfea105/f847f8f09dcd55d267c7?ctid=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&experience=power-bi\n\n\n\n53 Protection, Child Protection and GBV Emergency Guidance on protection response in and outside collective shelters https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Y0U0XlB21FKrSZNPT9bOYE_1-2oegohq\n54 Available here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Y0U0XlB21FKrSZNPT9bOYE_1-2oegohq\n55https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/reports/87cdd419-28e4-4603-9491-359d9dfea105/f847f8f09dcd55d267c7?ctid=e5c37981-6664-4134-8a0c-6543d2af80be&experience=power-bi MSNA Cross Border - Power BI\n56 Document - Lebanon: Inter-Sector Coordination Group Meeting - 4 Apr 202https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115 **5** 11\n57 Document - Lebanon Response Plan: Protection Sector Dashboard - End of Year 2024https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114882\n\n\n\nDocument - Lebanon: Inter-Sector Coordination Group Meeting - 4 Apr 202https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115 **5** 11\nDocument - Lebanon Response Plan: Protection Sector Dashboard - End of Year 2024https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114882\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9731752276420593, - "start": 43, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cross population PM report Nov 24-Jan 25", - "confidence": 0.5440918803215027, - "start": 53, - "end": 60 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Safety Audit", - "confidence": 0.9436357021331787, - "start": 1042, - "end": 1045 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV Working Group", - "confidence": 0.990057647228241, - "start": 1037, - "end": 1040 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9880955219268799, - "start": 1068, - "end": 1069 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied children", - "confidence": 0.7021677494049072, - "start": 1001, - "end": 1003 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Safety Audit", - "confidence": 0.9898974895477295, - "start": 1071, - "end": 1073 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8676435947418213, - "start": 1068, - "end": 1069 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV WG\nmapping of safe spaces", - "confidence": 0.8277454972267151, - "start": 1263, - "end": 1269 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9741824269294739, - "start": 1257, - "end": 1258 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6199024319648743, - "start": 1343, - "end": 1344 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5186173319816589, - "start": 1318, - "end": 1319 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Women\nand Girls", - "confidence": 0.678685188293457, - "start": 1249, - "end": 1252 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Results**\nDuring this period, over 30 protection partners, 40 child protection\npartners and 47 GBV partners provided protection services throughout\nthe county. Details of the number of people reached from during the\nescalation and after the ceasefire for the various child protection, GBV and\nprotection activities are listed below. This demonstrates the ability of\nprotection partners to continue to provide key protection services both\nprior to and after the ceasefire. It also demonstrates the ability of\nprotection partners to adapt programming, scaling up services such as\nexplosive ordnance risk education and protection interventions, following\nthe ceasefire.\n\n**Key needs**\n\n\n\n**30 protection partners,**\n**40 child protection partners**\n**47 GBV partners**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sustained investment in protection programming is required to prevent mitigate and respond to the range of protection risks outlined above. This\nincludes three priorities:\n\n\n1. Sustaining a core package of protection programming for the most vulnerable, with a focus on the most affected areas\n2. Supporting emergency protection response to the new arrivals from Syria\n3. Providing protection interventions to support the voluntary return of Syrians to Syria\n\n\nIf additional funding is not made available to the protection sector, it is projected that the sector will have between 30-35% less funding available in 2025\nthan 2024. As such, prioritization of available funding to support the most vulnerable and advocacy for additional funding must be undertaken in parallel by\nthe sector. While following the ceasefire some protection interventions have been sustained or scaled up, there are gaps in the provision of other services.\n\n\n\n**Protection interventions to be sustained**\n\n**Child Protection, GBV and protection information provision**\n\n**Emergency protection cash (as part of case management**\n\n**Explosive ordorance risk education sessions**\n\n**Protection interventions**\n\n**Dignity kits**\n\n**Protection monitoring**\n\n\n\n**Protection interventions to be scaled up**\n\n**PSS for children and caregivers**\n\n**Specialised services for persons with disabilities**\n\n**GBV, child protection and protection case management**\n\n**Legal aid services**\n\n**Counselling and information on return**\n\n**Protection advocacy and mainstreaming**\n\n\n\n**For more information contact Protection Sector Coordinators below.**\n\n\n\n**Amanda Melville,** Senior Protection Sector Coordinator, UNHCR, _**melville@unhcr.org**_\n**Sophie Etzold,** Protection and GBV Sector Coordinator, UNHCR, _**etzold@unhcr.org**_\n**Myriam Francis,** Protection Sector Co-Coordinator, Norwegian Refugee Council, _**myriam.francis@nrc.no**_\n**Cynthia Feghaly,** Protection Sector, GBV and Child Protection Sub-Sector Coordinator, Ministry of Social Affairs, _**cynthiafeghaly.mosa@gmail.com**_\n**Rana Bizri,** Child Protection Sub-Sector Coordinator, UNICEF, _**rbizri@unicef.org**_\n**Tesfaye Barge,** GBV Sector Coordinator, _**barge@unfpa.org**_\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114072\n\n\n\nhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4mDMtwk8naUDhbXTBFqx5G40TfeECeE/view\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fe7a6e6-177e-5b70-ada6-2b16c2900752/Protection%20sector%20analysis%20report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_573/raw/doc_573_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_573/raw/doc_573_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fb4ba14e3d4db741993827280ad5c81dbde379dc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_573/raw/doc_573_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Background**\n\nTurkey hosts the world\u2019s largest number of refugees and asylum seekers The Government of Turkey (GoT)\nis primary responsible for the protection refugees, including their access to services, and is the overall\ncoordinator of the refugee response.\nThus, in cooperation with GoT, UNHCR and partners have established an inter-agency refugee response\ncoordination structure in Turkey as part of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan in Response to the\nSyrian Crisis (3RP) which draws upon the expertise of UN agencies in providing leadership to sectoral\nworking groups. The national Protection Working Group (PWG) based in Ankara was formed in December\n2014 in light of these developments as a central element of the refugee protection response in Turkey.\n\n**Definition and scope of intervention**\n\n\nProtection encompasses \u201call activities aimed at ensuring full respect for the rights of the individual in\naccordance with the relevant bodies of law, including international humanitarian, human rights and\nrefugee law\u201d.\n\n\nThe PWG focuses on setting overal strategic direction; setting minimum standards and guidelines in line\nwith the national legal framework; conducting advocacy with the authorities and other key stakeholders;\ncapacity building and training initiatives; taking the lead in resource mobilization and communication with\ndonors.\nThe primary purpose of the PWG is to strengthen and coordinate the protection needs of Syrians and other\npersons of concern in Turkey. To meet this purpose, the needs of host communities will also be taken into\nconsideration.\n\n**Key priorities for 2016**\n\n - Strengthening national capacity to ensure sustainability and national ownership of protection\ninterventions,\n\n - Expansion of outreach mechanisms to strengthen community mobilization and improve the\ndelivery of assistance and services to refugees.\n\n - Strengthening of community-based protection coordination and referral mechanisms.\n\n**Guiding principles and approaches**\n\nThe Protection Working Group shall be guided by following principles: [1]\n\n\n**Impartiality:** Activities must be carried out through making no distinctions on the basis of\nnationality, race, gender, religious belief, sexual orientation, class or political opinions\n\n**Participatory approach:** Different protection needs of women, girls, men and boys will be taken\ninto consideration based on age, gender and diversity approach.\n\n**Neutrality:** Humanitarian actors must not take sides in hostilities or engage in controversies of a\npolitical, racial, religious or ideological nature.\n\n\n1 Humanitarian Principles, OCHA, https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/OOM-humanitarianprinciples_eng_June12.pdf\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902f3d3c-16a9-3e18-a9d1-14345bf28371/ProtectionSectorWorkingGroupAnkaraTRToRdec2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Independence:** Activities must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other\nobjectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being\nimplemented\n\n**Respect:** Actions and responses of all actors will be guided by respect for the choices, wishes, rights\nand the dignity of the persons of concern.\n\n**Confidentiality:** All information regarding persons of concern with protection risks shall be kept\nconfidential. No identifying information on specific cases discussed during Working Group will be\nrevealed in public sources.\n\n\nThe activities of members of the PWG shall be guided by the protection principles, namely:\n\n - Do no harm principles through avoiding exposing people to further harm as a result of your\nactions\n\n - Access to assistance through ensuring people\u2019s access to assistance \u2013 in proportion to need\nand without discrimination\n\n - Physical and psychological protection to persons of concern against violence and coercion\n\n - Rights-based approach through assisting persons of concern to claim their rights, access\navailable remedies and recover from the effects of abuse.\n\n**Activities and tasks**\n\nWithin this framework, the PWG tasks will include:\n\n**1.** Improving coordination and information sharing to inform humanitarian response and strategic\ndecision making:\n\na. Ensure information sharing among members of PWG;\nb. Ensure service delivery is coordinated among Protection actors as reflected in the 3RP and\n\nother strategic planning documents;\nc. Maintain sector information including by regularly updating 4W, dashboards and other\n\ntools (ActivityInfo);\nd. Identify and analyze trends and emerging issues in coordination with other sectors;\ne. Identify and analyse gaps (across and within sectors) as well as find coordinated solutions\n\nwhile avoiding duplication of efforts\nf. Develop a national PWG strategy and work plan to address protection priorities at the\nnational level. The work plan will include a set of prioritized activities and outputs and\nspecific timeframes and responsible and collaborating organizations.\n\n\n**2.** Tools development and standard setting:\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902f3d3c-16a9-3e18-a9d1-14345bf28371/ProtectionSectorWorkingGroupAnkaraTRToRdec2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "a. Develop contextualized protection guidelines on key issues and based on request from\n\nfield-based Protection working groups to ensure a more systematic approach accordance\nwith national and international standards;\n\n\nb. Develop and/or strengthen protection referral pathways and case management and ensure\n\ntheir effectiveness through regular updates\n\n\n**3.** Advocacy:\na. Strengthen protection advocacy at the national level by developing interagency advocacy\n\ninitiatives targeting relevant stakeholders based on identified priorities;\n\nb. Support and complement advocacy conducted by field-based Protection Working Groups\n\n**4.** Capacity building:\n\n\na. Organize interagency training opportunities for protection stakeholders including national\n\ninstitutions, UN agencies, International and national NGOs as appropriate, and use the\ncoordination platform to share tools and other initiatives to develop further the capacity\nof actors involved in the protection response.\n\n**Membership and Structure**\nUNHCR shall act as Lead of the PWG. The PWG will meet monthly.\n\nAd-hoc meetings are scheduled upon consultation with the members of the Working Group, when this is\nconsidered necessary to address an urgent issue. The establishment, process and outcomes of a technical\ntask force to work on specific protection issues will be communicated to all members and agreed upon in a\ntransparent manner. The task forces report to the national PWG.\n\nMembership of the PWG is open to UN and NGOs engaged in protection activities in Turkey. There shall be\nno limit to the number of members of the PWG but, for logistical purposes, the number of representatives\nof each agency present at PWG meetings may be limited by the Lead.\n\n**Role and responsibilities within the PWG**\n\n_CHAIR_\nThe group is chaired by an Inter-agency Protection Coordinator from UNHCR. The Chair acts as a neutral\nrepresentative of the PWG as a whole, rather than as representative of his/her particular agency. In\naddition, the Chair:\n\n - Prepares and facilitates meetings of the PWG, including the identification of its members;\n\n - Drafts and timely shares the minutes of PWG meeting and follow up on action points;\n\n - Ensures open and ongoing information sharing among PWG members and represent the group\nwithin other interagency platforms including Inter-Sectoral Coordination forum, and other working\ngroups as appropriate;\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902f3d3c-16a9-3e18-a9d1-14345bf28371/ProtectionSectorWorkingGroupAnkaraTRToRdec2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Coordinates the input from the PWG to the 3RP;\n\n - Ensures that all PWG\u2019s plans and decisions are developed/taken through a consultative process\nwith the members of the working group;\n\n - Ensures that deliberations, suggestions of the PWG are conveyed to relevant Government\nauthorities in order to promote the full realization of the refugge rights.\n\n\n_ALL MEMBERS_\nAll Protection Working Group members have a shared mutual responsibility to meet the humanitarian\nprotection needs of affected people in a timely manner. The minimum expectations of PWG members are:\n\n - Commitment to humanitarian principles and protection minimum standards, including the\nSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and\nSexual Abuse;\n\n - Commitment to mainstream protection in programme delivery;\n\n - Readiness to participate in actions that specifically improve accountability to affected people, in\nline with the IASC Commitments to Accountability to Affected Populations;\n\n - Active participation in the working group and a commitment to consistently engage in the working\ngroup\u2019s collective work;\n\n - Capacity and willingness to contribute to the working group\u2019s response plan and activities, which\nincludes inter-sector coordination;\n\n - Commitment to mainstream key programmatic cross-cutting issues (including age and gender);\n\n - Commitment to provide a relevant staff member to consistently participate in the working group\nand contribute to fulfilling its mission;\n\n - Commitment to work cooperatively with other working group partners to ensure an optimal and\nstrategic use of available resources, and share information on organizational resources;\n\n - Willingness to take on leadership responsibilities in the working group as needed, subject to\ncapacity and mandate;\n\n - Undertake advocacy, and disseminate advocacy messages to affected communities, the host\nGovernment, donors, the Syria Task Force, the media and other audiences; and\n\n - Where needed, support the working group to provide interpretation so that all working group\npartners are able to participate, including local organizations (and national and local authorities\nwhere appropriate).\n\n_TASK FORCES_\nTask forces are small, task oriented and time limited. They are created on a needs-basis, for example to\ncomplete a task identified by the PWG, and should dissolve once they have completed their task. Task forces\nare coordinated by a focal point and are composed of relevant technical experts who volunteer their time\nto support completion of the task on behalf of the PWG. All task force products are submitted to the PWG\nfor review and final endorsement.\n\n**Linkages with the field and other sub working groups**\n\nThe PWG works closely with the GBV and Child Protection sub working groups established at national level.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902f3d3c-16a9-3e18-a9d1-14345bf28371/ProtectionSectorWorkingGroupAnkaraTRToRdec2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The PWG supports the work of field-based Protection working groups established in South east Turley, Izmir\nand Istanbul.\nLinkage between the national and sub-national level groups will be ensured through:\n\n - Regular weekly communication between the national and sub-national PWG chairs;\n\n - Mutual provision of updates for monthly PWG meetings; and\n\n - Well documented PWG meeting minutes, including action points and decisions taken\n\n**Application and Review of Terms of Reference**\n\nThese Terms of Reference govern the meetings, activities and publications by or on behalf of the PWG or\nany related activities and can be amended by suggestion and endorsement of the chair/lead.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/902f3d3c-16a9-3e18-a9d1-14345bf28371/ProtectionSectorWorkingGroupAnkaraTRToRdec2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_574/raw/doc_574_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_574/raw/doc_574_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 052a9abe4746c795143a5211d904bbeb3acf5034..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_574/raw/doc_574_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0410**\n## **17 \u0422\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041d\u042f 2024 \u0420.**\n\n### **\u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ad5f6b4-2611-4e42-98a5-a9596b2b7f0c/Protection_of_LGBTIQ%2B_Advocacy_Note_UKR_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00abOutright International\u00bb \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437 CARE International, \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u044e \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\n\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0456\u0439\u043e\u043a, \u0433\u0435\u0457\u0432, \u0431\u0456\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0457, 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\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u2013 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2023 \u0440.\n\n\n\n\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 I \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2024 \u0440. | \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u041b\u0413\u0411\u0422\u0406\u041a+ \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ad5f6b4-2611-4e42-98a5-a9596b2b7f0c/Protection_of_LGBTIQ%2B_Advocacy_Note_UKR_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - 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[[11]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220308_BN_medications_needed_by_trans_and_intersex_people_ILGA_Europe_FINAL.pdf)\n\n- **\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013** \u041b\u0413\u0411\u0422\u0406\u041a+ \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0456\u0437 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\n\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 ~~.~~ [[12]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf) \u041b\u0413\u0411\u0422\u0406\u041a+ \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u044f\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\n\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0442\u0430\u043a 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\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ad5f6b4-2611-4e42-98a5-a9596b2b7f0c/Protection_of_LGBTIQ%2B_Advocacy_Note_UKR_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_575/raw/doc_575_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_575/raw/doc_575_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9007c97d1ad62ab56cf0c673103b29c53b2ee585..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_575/raw/doc_575_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,521 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Climate Action Plan for the East and** **Horn of Africa and Great Lakes** **Region**\n\n## **2023-2028**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **OVERVIEW**\n\nThe climate crisis is driving displacement and making life harder for those already forced to flee. Protection\n\n\nand solutions for displaced people are becoming more difficult to achieve as climate change adds to degraded\n\n\nand dangerous conditions in areas of origin and refuge. Millions of refugees, internally displaced and stateless\n\n\npeople are living in climate \u201chotspots\u201d, where they typically lack the resources to adapt to an increasingly\n\n\ninhospitable environment. The East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes (EHAGL) Region is one of the most\n\n\nclimate-vulnerable regions globally and has seen the number of forcibly displaced people in the region almost\n\n\ntriple over the past decade.\n\n\nForcibly displaced populations often live in areas that are expected to see the most drastic increases in climate\n\n\nhazards by 2030. To address the challenges they face, UNHCR seeks to form a coalition of partners across\n\n\nthe humanitarian-development-climate-security nexus, and leverage climate adaptation and resilience\n\n\ninvestments in support of areas hosting forcibly displaced populations. UNHCR will also strengthen its\n\n\noperations to meet the protection and assistance needs exacerbated by climate emergencies. Much of the\n\n\nwork we do in vulnerable humanitarian contexts, ranging from preparedness and response, cash-based\n\n\nassistance, durable shelter, and others, contributes to the climate resilience and adaptive capacities of\n\n\ndisplaced and host communities, but we need to do more.\n\n\nThe key objectives of the 2023-2028 UNHCR EHAGL Region Climate Action Plan, which lists priority action\n\n\npoints to better implement existing UNHCR global climate commitments, are the following:\n\n\n- Through increased legal, policy and normative engagement, states will improve their capacity to\n\n\nconsistently provide protection to people fleeing from and living in climate crises. UNHCR will provide\n\n\nlegal and policy advice, guidance, and support to national governments, regional economic communities,\n\n\nand other relevant stakeholders, to develop enhanced protection for refugees and other people displaced\n\n\nin the context of disasters and climate change.\n\n- Through expanded partnerships and scaled up financing, displaced populations and their hosts will have\n\n\nincreased access to environmentally sustainable resources and services. We are committed to reducing\n\n\nenvironmental degradation in displacement settings and enhancing the preparedness and resilience of\n\n\ndisplaced people and host communities. We will continue to advocate for a scale up on adaptation\n\n\nfinancing and support to climate action in countries and host community areas where displaced people\n\n\ntake refuge or hope to safely return to.\n\n- Through inclusion into national plans and systems, forcibly displaced, stateless people and their hosts\n\n\nwill have the economic and physical means to prepare for, survive and recover from climate shocks and\n\n\nstresses. UNHCR will advocate for the inclusion of refugees into regional and national climate change\n\n\nrelated policies and plans and strive to improve their anticipatory and early warning capacities to better\n\n\nprepare for emergencies brought on by climate-related and other natural hazards.\n\n\nUNHCR will also continue its efforts to function with a significantly reduced carbon footprint and to have the\n\n\nmeans and systems in place to minimize negative impacts on the environment. We seek to reduce the carbon\n\n\nfootprint of our own operations by implementing green solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### \u201cRight now, in our region, climate change is amplifying the risk of conflict and ultimately forcing already vulnerable people to flee their homes. We need proactive and bold action, commitment, and dedication from all actors to protect communities, and to find solutions with and for those on the frontlines of the climate emergency.\u201d\n\n**Mamadou Dian Balde**\n\n\nDirector, Regional Bureau for the East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes\n\n\n[As a central component of the 2022-2026 UNHCR Strategic Directions, UNHCR has globally identified eight focus areas that](https://reporting.unhcr.org/unhcr-strategic-directions-2022-2026)\n\n\nrequire renewed attention and accelerated effort. One of these is climate action. In 2021, UNHCR published its [Strategic](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/strategic-framework-climate-action)\n\n\n[Framework for Climate Action and, in 2022, its Operational Strategy for Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/strategic-framework-climate-action)\n\n\n(2022-2025).\n\n\nThis Regional Climate Action Plan for the East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes (EHAGL) [1] outlines a five-year vision and\n\n\nroadmap for the operationalization of these two documents. It highlights how UNHCR aims to accelerate results on climate\n\n\n[action in the EHAGL region, in line with the ambition of the UNHCR Strategic Directions 2022-2026 and its Strategic Plan for](https://reporting.unhcr.org/strategic-directions-2022-2026)\n\n\nClimate Action 2024-2030.\n\n\nThe Regional Climate Action Plan also builds upon partnerships and regional climate frameworks, such as the [Regional](https://www.icpac.net/publications/igad-regional-climate-change-strategy-and-action-plan-2023-2030/)\n\n\n[Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030)](https://www.icpac.net/publications/igad-regional-climate-change-strategy-and-action-plan-2023-2030/) by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). This\n\n\nStrategy highlights the geographical differences and climatic vulnerabilities of the IGAD Member States (Djibouti, Eritrea,\n\n\nEthiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda), and proposes key joint solutions for climate mitigation and\n\n\nadaptation. It also seeks to leverage work being undertaken with IGAD\u2019s Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC)\n\n\nto develop targeted climate adaptation measures for areas hosting forcibly displaced populations.\n\n\nThe present plan was developed following a regional Theory of Change (ToC) workshop on Climate Change held in Nairobi\n\n\nin May 2023, and led by a Multifunctional Climate Team at the EHAGL Regional Bureau. The Plan was validated by technical\n\n\nfocal points and sector leads at the Regional Bureau as well as climate focal points in country operations; and was finalized\n\n\nfollowing consultations with key partners across the humanitarian-development-climate-security nexus.\n\n\n_1_ UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for the East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes covers the following countries: Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, the\n\nUnited Republic of Tanzania, and Uganda.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and stateless people are on the frontlines of the climate emergency. Many are\n\n\nliving in climate \u201chotspots\u201d, where they typically lack the resources to adapt to an increasingly hostile environment and are\n\n\ntherefore unable to live self-sufficient and dignified lives. UNHCR is providing protection and assistance to many refugees and\n\n\nother people displaced by the effects of climate change, as well as helping them increase their resilience to future disasters.\n\n\nBy October 2023, the EHAGL region hosted a total of 19 million forcibly displaced individuals. Of these, more than 5.4 million\n\n\nwere refugees and asylum-seekers, meaning the region hosted one out of every six refugees globally. Over 13.6 million\n\n\npersons were internally displaced. [2] Of the latter, at least 2.1 million people were living in internal displacement by the end of\n\n2022 following the impacts of hazardous climate-related events or \u201cdisasters\u201d, primarily floods and droughts. [3]\n\n\n[A joint UNHCR-IGAD study, funded by the Migration Multi-Partner Trust Fund (MPTF) on Human Mobility and Climate Change](https://www.unhcr.org/africa/publications/human-mobility-and-climate-change-igad-region)\n\n[in the IGAD region](https://www.unhcr.org/africa/publications/human-mobility-and-climate-change-igad-region) [4], shows that in the EHAGL region, climate change is a \u201crisk multiplier\u201d that is driving both displacement\n\n\nand deepening protection needs. It underscores that resilience to environmental degradation and climate-related disasters\n\n\nand displacement is often lowest in fragile and conflict-affected contexts.\n\n\nA recent IMF paper on [Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2Fstaff-climate-notes%2FIssues%2F2023%2F08%2F24%2FClimate-Challenges-in-Fragile-and-Conflict-Affected-States-537797%3Fcid%3Dbl-com-CLNEA2023001&data=05%7C01%7Cmwangia%40unhcr.org%7C7a257b7b144a4a92e97108dbaa44718d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638290983174210761%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UEGlkmhp5WpaQ5SuBGYk0LjlAO%2FsLTW7yZW9D657wMs%3D&reserved=0) [5] finds that climate vulnerability and\n\n\nunderlying fragilities, namely conflict, heavy dependence on rainfed agriculture, and weak capacity and policy buffers,\n\n\nexacerbate each other, amplifying the negative impact on people and economies. Of the eleven countries covered by\n\n\n[UNHCR\u2019s EHAGL Regional Bureau, six (Burundi, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan) appear on the 2024](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations)\n\n\n[list of fragile and conflict-affected situations (FY24 FCS list), released annually by the World Bank Group (WBG). These six](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations)\n\n\ncountries host 47 per cent of all refugees and asylum-seekers in the region as well as 100 per cent of all IDPs. Meanwhile, as\n\n\nof 2022, approximately 4.8 million refugees and asylum-seekers, constituting 97 per cent of the total population hosted in the\n\n\nregion of around 4.9 million, originate from fragile and conflict-affected states. [6]\n\n\nMany displaced populations are frequently located in peripheral, rural, or peri-urban locations and rely on agropastoralism as\n\n\ntheir primary source of income. They lack social safety nets that can assist with loans and support to diversify income sources.\n\n\nIn addition, access to sufficient, good quality land for agriculture-based livelihoods remains challenging, despite farming being\n\n\none of the key sectors of employment. A similar situation applies to grazing land which is frequently community owned or\n\n\nmanaged. Growing competition over access to water, land, pasture, forests, and other natural resources that are essential for\n\n\nfood security, energy needs, and climate-sensitive livelihoods will further impact on protection and solutions for displaced\n\n\npopulations in the region.\n\n\nFurthermore, legal frameworks in some countries in the EHAGL region do not foster formal access to employment for refugees.\n\n\nAccording to an internal livelihoods survey by UNHCR conducted in 2023, 66 per cent of refugees live in countries with limited\n\n\nor no access in practice to formal employment. The main restrictions to access formal employment include necessities of work\n\n\npermits, administrative restrictions, as well as high unemployment rates in the host economies.\n\n\n[2 For up-to-date statistics on forced displacement: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/rbehagl.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/rbehagl)\n3 [Global Internal Displacement Database | IDMC - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (internal-displacement.org)](https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data) _._\n4 Report on human mobility and climate change in the IGAD region, commissioned by UNHCR and IOM and funded by the Migration Multi-Partner Trust Fund for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.\n\nThe study provides insights into cross-border migration linked to climate change and disasters in the border regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia.\n5 About one in five countries around the world are Fragile and Conflict-Affected States facing varied challenges, including high levels of institutional and social fragility as well as violent conflict. Fragile\n\nand Conflict-Affected States have lower per capita income and growth rates, higher poverty and undernourishment, and higher inequality than other countries. They host 43 % of the global poor\nliving on less than $2.15 per day while only accounting for 12 per cent of the world\u2019s population. They are highly exposed to climate change and must bear the immense burden of climate adaptation\nwithout having the means or capacity to adapt. Source: Jaramillo et al.: \u201cClimate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States.\u201d IMF Staff Climate Note 2023/001, International Monetary Fund,\nWashington, DC.\n6 Annual Statistical Report, 2022.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "list of fragile and conflict-affected situations", - "confidence": 0.9788374900817871, - "start": 359, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FY24 FCS list", - "confidence": 0.5829911828041077, - "start": 366, - "end": 369 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9836575388908386, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8520820736885071, - "start": 414, - "end": 415 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8443843126296997, - "start": 394, - "end": 397 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "internal livelihoods survey", - "confidence": 0.8101474046707153, - "start": 606, - "end": 609 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7554159164428711, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9206607937812805, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EHAGL region", - "confidence": 0.9270864129066467, - "start": 591, - "end": 593 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9957778453826904, - "start": 613, - "end": 614 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9762603640556335, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics on forced displacement", - "confidence": 0.8807887434959412, - "start": 665, - "end": 669 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Internal Displacement Database", - "confidence": 0.9385632276535034, - "start": 673, - "end": 677 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDMC - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre", - "confidence": 0.6395569443702698, - "start": 678, - "end": 684 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5700554847717285, - "start": 673, - "end": 674 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report on human mobility and climate change", - "confidence": 0.5955630540847778, - "start": 696, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "cross-border migration linked to climate change and disasters", - "confidence": 0.6898550987243652, - "start": 734, - "end": 742 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8172914981842041, - "start": 696, - "end": 697 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5184445977210999, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "IGAD region", - "confidence": 0.8461828827857971, - "start": 705, - "end": 707 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual Statistical Report", - "confidence": 0.9798383712768555, - "start": 901, - "end": 904 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6779464483261108, - "start": 903, - "end": 904 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "254,244 new arrivals of refugees and asylum seekers into drought affected areas in the Horn of Africa. [7] A drought analysis by\n\n\nthe Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has highlighted the loss of over 13 million livestock in the Horn of Africa, heavily\n\nimpacting pastoral communities, increasing food insecurity and impacting dairy and meat availability in the region. [8] [The Council](https://cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/Climate%20Change%20and%20Regional%20Instability%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf?_gl=1*vnp5t*_ga*NDk0MjY0Mjg3LjE2ODgxMDcxMjA.*_ga_24W5E70YKH*MTY4ODEwNzEyMC4xLjEuMTY4ODEwNzE5My4wLjAuMA..)\n\n\n[on Foreign Relations\u2019 Center for Preventative Action notes that the drought, compounded by the effects of the invasion of](https://cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/Climate%20Change%20and%20Regional%20Instability%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf?_gl=1*vnp5t*_ga*NDk0MjY0Mjg3LjE2ODgxMDcxMjA.*_ga_24W5E70YKH*MTY4ODEwNzEyMC4xLjEuMTY4ODEwNzE5My4wLjAuMA..)\n\n\nUkraine, has had negative consequences on food prices, affecting food security of the most vulnerable. Changes in weather\n\n\npatterns are also connected to the spread of invasive species, including devastating desert locust outbreaks. [9]\n\n\nMeanwhile, the region is also getting wetter in some areas.\n\n\nPrecipitation extremes are becoming more unpredictable, with\n\n\na growing risk of recurrent floods in countries like South Sudan.\n\n\nA recent ICPAC [Update on El Nino and its likely impacts on](https://icpac.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=9206ea93bb8c6f35f98cc8ccf&id=935d232772&e=8c066220b1)\n\n\n[Eastern Africa](https://icpac.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=9206ea93bb8c6f35f98cc8ccf&id=935d232772&e=8c066220b1) reports that there is a high likelihood of\n\n\nenhanced rainfall during the 2023 October-December season,\n\n\nwhich could provide some relief to areas affected by the recent\n\n\ndrought but could also lead to more flash floods, riverine floods\n\n\nand landslides.\n\n\nA 2023 EHAGL Situation Analysis conducted by the [CGIAR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101918)\n\n[Fragility Conflict and Migration Initiative](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101918) [10] jointly with UNHCR\u2019s\n\n\nOffice of the Special Advisor on Climate Action highlighted\n\n\nsome alarming predictions for harsh climatic changes by 2030\n\n\nrelated to drought, floods, and extreme heat exposure. The risk\n\n\nof drought will increase dramatically in Ethiopia, Uganda,\n\n\nTanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi. Sudan will remain exposed to\n\n\nsevere drought stress in the future. By 2030, the risk of floods\n\n\nis expected to rise most drastically in areas in the western parts\n\n\nof the region that are already prone to high flood risk. CGIAR\n\n\nused the Heat Index (HI) to determine that heat stress is\n\n\ncurrently affecting populations in Eritrea, Djibouti, and Sudan,\n\n\nwith increases occurring by 2030 in Sudan, South Sudan,\n\n\nEritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya. Merging heat, drought\n\n\n\n_Figure: Change in composite heat, drought and flood hazards and_\n_locations of forcibly displaced and stateless people, baseline to_\n_2030, EHAGL region._ _[10]_\n\n\n\nand flood risks are anticipated in South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti,\n\n\nand Somalia. Overall, heat and drought stress account for the\n\n\nmost severe increases in risk.\n\n\n\nAccording to CGIAR, given the frequent co-occurrence between resource conflicts [11] and onset of climate hazards, it may be\n\n\nassumed that increased inter-communal conflicts may occur in areas of most severe increases in compound climate risks.\n\n\nRefugee-hosting sites are remarkably often located in areas of compounded climatic and conflict hotspots.\n\n\n_7_ [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102241.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102241)\n8 [https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/horn-of-africa---the-region-is-facing-an-unprecedented-disaster/en.](https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/horn-of-africa---the-region-is-facing-an-unprecedented-disaster/en)\n[9 See FAO: Climate change and food security: risks and responses (2013), p. 12.](https://www.fao.org/3/i5188e/I5188E.pdf)\n[10 Climate data are sourced from the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) who use climate models to understand how the climate may evolve in future (https://www.wcrp-](https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6)\n\n[climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6). The same data and models have been utilized in the IPCC Global Assessment Reports (https://www.ipcc.ch/reports/). The Baseline represent average climate](https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6)\nfor the period spanning 1981 to 2010, while the near-term future is represented by an average of the years 2020-2040.\n11 Data taken from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED).\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CGIAR", - "confidence": 0.5512468814849854, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5211263298988342, - "start": 550, - "end": 551 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IPCC Global Assessment Reports", - "confidence": 0.9935606718063354, - "start": 611, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6903616786003113, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "aligned to national development and adaptation plans as well as resilience initiatives to ensure lasting impact. To date,\n\n\nhowever, many countries in the Sahel and Horn of Africa, including in the EHAGL region, received less than the average\n\n\namount of climate adaptation financing per capita in comparison to other lower-income countries, despite ranking at the top of\n\n\nclimate vulnerability indices. [12] In this context, considering investments aiming at fostering self-reliance becomes even more\n\n\npivotal, as it holds the potential to reduce the critical need for ongoing assistance over the mid- to long-term.\n\n\nDespite the challenging climate and environmental issues highlighted above, there are some key partnerships, initiatives and\n\n\n[promising practices that have yielded results in the region. UNHCR has a long-standing engagement with IGAD on issues](https://igad.int/)\n\n\nrelated to forced displacement. IGAD has been at the forefront of regional climate discussions and declarations and is highly\n\n\nengaged in managing the complex transboundary challenges raised by climate change and climate-induced migration. The\n\n\n[IGAD Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and the](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/event/file/Final%20IGAD%20PROTOCOL%20ENDORSED%20BY%20IGAD%20Ambassadors%20and%20Ministers%20of%20Interior%20and%20Labour%20Khartoum%2026%20Feb%202020.pdf) [IGAD Protocol on Transhumance will be essential in addressing](https://icpald.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IGAD-PROTOCOL-ON-TRANSHUMANCE-Final-Endorsed-Version.pdf)\n\n\nmigration flows in the future. IGAD also plays a lead role on early warning systems and disaster preparedness through its\n\n\nConflict Early Warning and Response Network (CEWARN).\n\n\n[In 2021, IGAD established the IGAD Center of Excellence for Climate Adaptation and Environmental Protection (IGAD CAEP)](https://igadcaep.org/)\n\n\nwhich is in the process of developing a Regional Adaptation Strategy that complements existing climate-related strategies and\n\n\naction plans [13] and ensures enhanced resilience capacity and resources to adapt to climate change. UNHCR is partnering\n\n\nclosely with IGAD CAEP to include forcibly displaced and stateless communities in adaptation planning and programming.\n\nIGAD has also put in place a Regional Climate Security Coordination Mechanism [14] to address climate-induced mobility. [15]\n\n\nIGAD has furthermore developed several projects with UNHCR and IOM related to human mobility in the context of disasters\n\n\n[and climate change. One of these projects focusses on \u201cAddressing drivers and facilitating safe, orderly and regular migration](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/addressing-drivers-and-facilitating-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration-contexts-disasters-and-climate-change-igad-region)\n\n\n[in the context of disasters and climate change in the IGAD region\u201d, and was funded by the Migration Multi-Partner Trust Fund](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/addressing-drivers-and-facilitating-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration-contexts-disasters-and-climate-change-igad-region)\n\n(MPTF) from 2021-2023. [16]\n\n\nAnother key regional partner is the East African Community (EAC), which has implemented a [transborder initiative to](https://www.eac.int/environment/programmes-and-projects/prepared-project#:~:text=Planning%20for%20Resilience%20in%20East,boundary%20freshwater%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20communities.)\n\n\n[strengthen resilience through Policy, Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED) and could help foster](https://www.eac.int/environment/programmes-and-projects/prepared-project#:~:text=Planning%20for%20Resilience%20in%20East,boundary%20freshwater%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20communities.)\n\n\ncollective action by improving economic cooperation and encouraging shared management of freshwater ecosystems. This\n\n\nwill assist in finding durable solutions for forcibly displaced populations who often reside in proximity of borders and need to\n\n\nbe included in national and regional planning initiatives.\n\n\n[The Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (FSNWG) is a regional platform, currently co-chaired by ICPAC and FAO,](https://www.icpac.net/fsnwg/)\n\n\nwith a two-fold goal: to provide an up-to-date food security and nutrition situation analysis including early warning, and to offer\n\n\na forum to build consensus on critical issues facing policy and interventions, including among displaced populations.\n\n\nThe region has also seen some initiatives that focus on climate change mitigation and adaptation. In Uganda, UNHCR is\n\n\npartnering with the national forestry authority and local communities to plant 10 million seedlings a year to meet the energy\n\n\nand nutrition needs of refugees and their hosts. In Rwanda, UNHCR supported the planting of nearly 400,000 seedlings in\n\n\nrefugee-hosting locations. The Ethiopian government has consistently made global headlines with large scale tree planting\n\n\n[12 See SPARC: Exploring the Conflict Blind Spots in Climate Adaptation Finance. Synthesis Report (2021).](https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/exploring-the-conflict-blind-spots-in-climate-adaptation-finance.pdf)\n13 Existing IGAD climate-related strategies and action plans include the IGAD Regional Strategy (2021-2025), IGAD Regional Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030), IGAD Strategy\n\nfor Sustainable and Resilient Livestock Development in View of Climate Change (2022-2037), IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) as well as Disaster Risk\nReduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Development Policies and their Consideration of Disaster Displacement and Human Mobility in the IGAD region among others.\n14 [Result 7 of the Communiqu\u00e9 to the IGAD-UN OSEHOA High Level Inter-Ministerial Event on Climate Change, Peace, and Security on 7 November 2022.](https://igad.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/November-7-Communique-on-Climate-Security-at-COP27.pdf)\n[15 The IGAD-UN OSE Horn Report on the State of Climate, Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa elaborates on this pathway.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icpac.net%2Fpublications%2Freport-on-state-of-climate-peace-and-security-in-the-horn-of-africa%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThis%2520report%2520covers%2520the%2520cyclic%2520nature%2520of%2520climate%2Ccontext%2520of%2520specific%2520drivers%2520at%2520the%2520various%2520hotspots.&data=05%7C01%7Cgaunta%40unhcr.org%7Cbb47ed465e0f4183ca2608db934c9b8e%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638265732041789223%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=afeNiF4psiQ2kWZO2zjFDcDvVn2CQzbeRCxd6ouqV9c%3D&reserved=0)\n16 This joint programme was co-led by IOM and ILO; other participating entities were IGAD, PDD and UNHCR. UNHCR is also working with IOM on the Regional Migrant Response Plan and other\n\nareas of Mixed Movement, and UNHCR is enhancing its collaboration with IOM under the joint Framework of Engagement from June 2022.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR has further partnered with the Center for International Forestry Research-International Center for Research in\n\n\nAgroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) under the [refugee-hosting engagement landscape programme. Work in the EHAGL region](https://www.cifor-icraf.org/refugee-hosting-landscapes/)\n\n\n[focuses on addressing basic needs and building resilient landscapes and livelihoods through evidence-supported long-term](https://worldagroforestry.org/blog/2022/09/21/building-sustainability-refugee-hosting-landscapes)\n\n\nsocio-ecological solutions in refugee hosting landscapes.\n\n\n[UNHCR is also partnering with FAO for the project \"Greening the Humanitarian Response in Displacement Settings\" to support](https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc5353en)\n\n\necosystem restoration and sustainable forest management so as to enhance energy access and livelihood resilience for\n\n\nrefugees and host communities in four countries in the EHAGL region (Uganda, Djibouti, Tanzania, and Somalia).\n\n\n[The CGIAR Research Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) aims to enhance the resilience of food, land, and](https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/fragility-conflict-and-migration/)\n\n\nwater systems in fragile and conflict-affected settings, where migration-related challenges are prevalent. Using a systems\n\n\napproach, and working in partnership with local stakeholders, the initiative seeks to generate evidence to inform effective\n\n\npolicies and programs that promote social and gender equity, climate resilience, conflict mitigation, and peace building.\n\n### **Vision**\n\n#### \u201cPeople fleeing climate crises, persecution, violence, and human rights violations and those living in climate-vulnerable countries are protected, resilient to the impacts of climate change and can lead self-sufficient lives.\u201d\n\n\nThe above **vision** is underpinned by UNHCR\u2019s commitment to \u201cGreening the Blue\u201d through mitigating the impact of its own\n\n\npresence and actions and ensuring that carbon emissions released through UNHCR\u2019s operations are reduced and the\n\n\nenvironment is protected.\n\n### **Theory of Change**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2018s Theory of Change to achieve this vision is:\n\n\n_**If**_ UNHCR secures sufficient funding, leverages effective partnerships, and improves data and evidence in the region ( **regional**\n\n\n**enablers** ); and _**if**_ country operations scale-up advocacy, community engagement, mobilization of partners and technical\n\n\nsupport to Governments and other relevant entities ( **country-level actions** ); _**then**_, gradually, we will be able to achieve results\n\n\nin the following areas:\n\n\n**Legal and normative frameworks**\n\n\n - Increased government capacity to develop and implement legal and institutional policy frameworks to minimize,\n\n\nprepare for, and respond to displacement linked to climate shocks and stresses, including interpretation and\n\n\napplication of the relevant frameworks.\n\n - Increased government capacity in the provision of durable solutions.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "initiative", - "confidence": 0.719935953617096, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and have the capacity to advocate for them.\n\n - Relevant and correct legal considerations are applied when people seek asylum in the context of the adverse effects\n\n\nof climate change.\n\n - \u201cAlternative\u201d status and/or temporary protection / temporary stay for people whose life and/or other human rights could\n\n\nbe at risk because of climate change is provided.\n\n\n**Climate-conscious partnerships and financing for increased access to environmentally**\n**sustainable resources and services**\n\n\n - Contribution to regional platforms or taskforces related to climate change to ensure inclusion and protection\n\n\nmainstreaming of all activities.\n\n - Advocacy for and participation in joint funds to support climate affected countries.\n\n - Networking and shared best practices between operations and inter-agency structures.\n\n - Green energy (e.g., cooking fuels, ecological charcoal).\n\n - Climate resilient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities.\n\n - Safe and environmentally sustainable management of waste.\n\n - Integrated, climate-resilient settlements and shelters constructed using locally available materials.\n\n - Increased capacity of forcibly displaced and stateless and their hosts to restore and protect the environment (e.g.,\n\n\nthrough reforestation).\n\n - Increased knowledge, capacity, and motivation of populations to use environmentally sustainable resources and\n\n\nservices.\n\n\n**Early warning, inclusion, and resilience**\n\n\n - Effective early warning and preparedness systems.\n\n - Climate resilient livelihoods and climate-sensitive economic inclusion.\n\n - Provision of social safety nets and social protection mechanisms.\n\n - Sustainable sourcing for basic needs and food.\n\n - Inclusion of displaced persons in disaster risk reduction and climate action adaptation plans, policies, strategies and\n\n\nmechanisms at the national, local, and inter-agency level.\n\n - Inclusion of forcibly displaced and stateless individuals in accessing basic services in the event of climate hazards.\n\n - Participation of affected communities in the planning, implementation and monitoring of activities related to the\n\n\npreparation for or response to climate hazards.\n\n\n**If the changes leading to these results are successful and sustainable then, by 2028:**\n\n\n1. States increase their legal, policy and normative engagement and improve their capacity to consistently provide\n\n\nprotection to people fleeing from and living in climate-vulnerable countries.\n\n\n2. Expanded partnerships and scaled up financing facilitates increase access of displaced populations and their hosts\n\n\nto environmentally sustainable resources and services.\n\n\n3. Forcibly displaced and stateless populations are included into national plans and systems and, together with their\n\n\nhosts, have the economic and physical means to prepare for, survive and recover from climate shocks and stresses.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collaboration and scaled up financing for increased access to environmentally sustainable resources and services; inclusion\n\n\ninto national systems together with adaptation and increased resilience; and mitigation of the environmental impact of\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s operations will lead to the fulfilment of the above vision for the region.\n\n\nThe Theory of Change is based on the following **assumptions** for the EHAGL region:\n\n\ni. The protection needs of persons fleeing and living in climate crises are recognized and integrated into the\n\n\ndisplacement management strategies of regional economic communities (RECs) such as IGAD and EAC.\n\n\nii. Sub-regional institutions and the civil society collaborate with UNHCR to influence governments to support the vision\n\n\nand include forcibly displaced people in their climate action plans.\n\n\niii. Governments are willing to adapt their legal frameworks.\n\n\niv. Governments, humanitarian, development, private sector, climate, and other actors are willing to work jointly to\n\n\nsupport climate adaptation in areas hosting displaced populations.\n\n\nv. Displaced and stateless communities are willing and able to use natural resources sustainably and understand how\n\n\nto claim their rights in the context of climate change.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s interventions will be guided by the [Global Strategic Framework for Climate Action and UNHCR\u2019s operational](https://www.unhcr.org/media/strategic-framework-climate-action)\n\n\npresence and designated role in the Humanitarian Cluster Approach within the region. Community-based protection principles,\n\n\n[including Age, Gender, and Diversity as well as Accountability to affected people, will be mainstreamed throughout all activities.](https://emergency.unhcr.org/protection/protection-principles/age-gender-and-diversity-agd)\n\n\nPriority actions should be implemented in partnership and collaboration with governments and other relevant stakeholder.\n\n### **Regional Objective 1: Through increased legal, policy and normative** **engagement, states will improve their capacity to consistently** **provide protection to people fleeing from and living in climate crises.**\n\n\nIn the last decade, the relationship between climate change impacts, conflict and human rights has become increasingly\n\n\napparent. The adverse effects of climate change and disasters are often exacerbated by other factors such as poor governance\n\n\nundermining public order, scarce natural resources, fragile ecosystems, demographic changes, socio-economic inequality,\n\n\nxenophobia, and political and religious tensions, in some cases leading to violence. As a result of these negative impacts of\n\n\nclimate change and disasters combined with social vulnerabilities, people may be compelled to leave their country and seek\n\n\ninternational protection.\n\n\nPeople will be refugees under the [1951 Refugee Convention definition when they flee conflict or violence caused or](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/1951-refugee-convention)\n\n\nexacerbated by the effects of climate change and disasters, rendering the State unable or unwilling to protect the victims and\n\n\nleaving them at risk of persecution; or in other situations where persecution risks linked to a Convention ground arises.\n\n\n[International protection may also be granted within wider regional definitions like the 1969 OAU Convention \u2013 including notably](https://au.int/en/treaties/oau-convention-governing-specific-aspects-refugee-problems-africa)\n\n\nthose compelled to leave their countries in the contexts of events or circumstances seriously disturbing public order related to\n\n\nclimate change or disaster. Under human rights law, people at risk of serious human rights violations linked to the effects of\n\n\nclimate change and disaster may be recognized as needing international protection under non-refoulement obligations.\n\n\nThrough the provision of authoritative technical and legal guidance, UNHCR will support the development of technical capacity\n\n\nof state institutions and other relevant entities to ensure that policy makers, the judiciary, and the legal profession, among\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[UNHCR, as part of the Multi Partner Trust Fund Joint Programme on Addressing Drivers and Facilitating Safe and Orderly](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/addressing-drivers-and-facilitating-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration-contexts-disasters-and-climate-change-igad-region)\n\n\n[Migration in the Contexts of Disasters and Climate Change in the IGAD Region, commissioned a case study on Human Mobility](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/addressing-drivers-and-facilitating-safe-orderly-and-regular-migration-contexts-disasters-and-climate-change-igad-region)\n\n\n[and Climate Change in the IGAD Region in the shared border regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. The report highlights](https://www.unhcr.org/africa/publications/human-mobility-and-climate-change-igad-region#:~:text=Hundreds%20of%20thousands%20affected%20by,for%20their%20families%20and%20livestock.)\n\n\na lack of a single unified protection framework for the region that provides protection to populations displaced because of\n\n\ndisasters and climate change. Furthermore, the regional, national and local protection frameworks are not implemented in a\n\n\ncohesive manner. Hence, there is a need to establish a regional human rights-based Protection Framework on human mobility\n\n\nin the context of climate change.\n\n\nUNHCR will advocate and support governments and RECs to develop and implement legal and institutional policy frameworks\n\n\nto minimize, prepare for and respond to displacement linked to climate shocks and stresses. This objective seeks to ensure:\n\n\ni. States and RECs in the EHAGL region have increased **understanding** of protection entitlements for people forced\n\n\nto flee in climate contexts.\n\n\nii. States in the EHAGL region have **institutions** with sufficient technical capacity for protection of forcibly displaced and\n\n\nstateless people in climate contexts and climate action plans include costing and allocated budgets for areas hosting\n\n\nforcibly displaced populations.\n\n\niii. RECs and states in the EHAGL region have **normative frameworks** providing for protection of forcibly displaced and\n\n\nstateless people in climate change affected contexts.\n\n\niv. Hosting countries in the EHAGL region have increased **incentive and motivation** to provide protection and durable\n\n\nsolutions to forcibly displaced and stateless people.\n\n\n**[UNHCR global Outcome Areas:](https://www.unhcr.org/media/66039)**\n\n\n**Output groups:**\n\n\n - Increased government capacity to develop and implement policy frameworks to minimize, prepare for, and respond\n\n\nto displacement linked to climate shocks and stresses, including application of the relevant frameworks.\n\n - Increased government capacity in the provision of durable solutions.\n\n - Strengthened partnership with non-governmental actors who are meaningful players in advocacy on laws and policies.\n\n - Displaced, stateless and other impacted communities are aware about their rights in the context of climate change\n\n\nand have the capacity to advocate for them.\n\n - Relevant legal considerations are applied for people seek asylum in the context of adverse effects of climate change.\n\n - \u201cAlternative\u201d status and/or temporary protection / temporary stay for people whose life and/or other human rights could\n\n\nbe at risk because of climate change is provided as appropriate and in line with global directives and relevant regional\n\n\nframeworks.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **access to environmentally sustainable resources and services.**\n\nThe [Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) highlights the need for UNHCR to work closely with key partners to achieve](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/global-compact-refugees)\n\n\nmeaningful change in the lives of forcibly displaced populations. States need to be supported in their responsibility sharing to\n\n\nenable a safe environment for displaced populations not only to survive, but to thrive. In line with the GCR, UNHCR therefore\n\n\naims to collaborate closely with key actors who influence climate advocacy and action.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s operations in the EHAGL region will require an increase in technical expertise to fundraise, coordinate and catalyze\n\n\nnew partnerships for meaningful change. The resilience of forcibly displaced and stateless persons to climate impacts will\n\n\nlargely depend on access to financial, technical, and institutional resources that address their immediate needs and\n\n\nopportunities for long-term solutions. Efforts will be made to seek new sources of funding for humanitarian-response countries\n\n\nand to mobilize climate and development financing in support of multi-year climate projects for prevention and solutions.\n\n\nDedicated climate and development partnerships focal points at the regional level are required to plan and pitch for funding.\n\n\nTrainings and capacity development on climate action will be developed and made available to staff members at the regional\n\n\nlevel to ensure climate becomes a focus in every sector and intervention.\n\n\n**[UNHCR global Outcome Areas:](https://www.unhcr.org/media/66039)**\n\n\n**Output groups:**\n\n\n - Contribute to regional platforms or taskforces related to climate change to ensure inclusion and protection\n\n\nmainstreaming of all activities.\n\n\n - Advocacy for and participation in joint funds to support climate affected countries.\n\n\n - Networking and sharing best practices between operations and inter-agency structures.\n\n\n - Green energy (e.g., cooking fuels, ecological charcoal).\n\n\n - Climate resilient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities.\n\n\n - Safe and environmentally sustainable management of waste.\n\n\n - Integrated, climate-resilient settlements and shelters constructed using locally available materials.\n\n\n - Increased capacity of populations to restore and protect the environment (e.g., through reforestation).\n\n\n - Increased knowledge, capacity, and motivation of populations to use environmentally sustainable resources and\n\n\nservices.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **have the economic and physical means to prepare for, survive and** **recover from climate shocks and stresses.**\n\nThe integration of forcibly displaced populations into national climate change policies must be prioritized in joint regional\n\n\nadvocacy efforts, in close collaboration with RECs, UN agencies, NGOs, multilateral development banks and donors. These\n\n\npartnerships will also be leveraged to support advocacy for legal and policy frameworks that provide safety nets for forcibly\n\n\ndisplaced and allow them to diversify income sources away from agropastoralism which is highly susceptible to climatic\n\n\nchange. This should include access to formalized employment based on decent work principles, access to finance, skills\n\n\ndevelopment, and opportunities in urban spaces. To achieve meaningful inclusion, the change needs to be community driven,\n\n\nwith local and indigenous environmental knowledge at the center.\n\n\nGovernments in the EHAGL region have shown strong commitment to climate action by signing the Paris Agreement and\n\n\nsubmitting their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Somalia explicitly includes displacement in its NDC through\n\n\nconcrete and contextual provisions, while Kenya, South Sudan and Burundi include displacement in their NDCs through a\n\n\ncontextual reference. [17] Additionally, the National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) of Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan explicitly include\n\n\ndisplacement through concrete provisions, while Ethiopia\u2019s NAP contains contextual references to displacement.\n\n\nEarly warning capacities and processes in the EHAGL region have been strengthened significantly over the last years and are\n\noften able to predict natural hazards such as droughts well before impacts are seen on the ground. [18] UNHCR is and will\n\n\ncontinue to be a predictable partner working with a wide range of stakeholders to anticipate, prepare for and respond to\n\n\nemergencies and displacement brought on by climate-related and other natural hazards.\n\n\nUNHCR will participate in local, regional, and global mechanisms and initiatives on early warning and early action and seek\n\n\nto ensure that protection and displacement considerations are integrated within disaster risk reduction and risk management\n\n\npolicies, strategies and adaptation plans for early warning, preparedness, response, and recovery. Furthermore, working with\n\n\nits partners, UNHCR will deploy specialized technical capacities to support environmentally friendly and sustainable\n\n\npreparedness, response, and solutions, and contribute to national and regional Disaster Risk Reduction plans.\n\n\n**[UNHCR global Outcome Areas:](https://www.unhcr.org/media/66039)**\n\n\n17 This analysis is based on a forthcoming OECD policy paper on \"Forced displacement in climate adaptation planning\u201d. In this context, concrete provisions mean that concrete commitments or\n\nobjectives and/or tangible actions are identified or have been conducted already. A contextual reference means that the topic is acknowledged without concrete provisions.\n18 Joint Advocacy Document: CALL TO ACTION \u2013 Resilience and System Strengthening \u2013 \u201cBefore the next drought strikes\u201d. April 2023.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Climate resilient livelihoods and climate-sensitive economic inclusion.\n\n\n - Provision of social safety nets and social protection mechanisms.\n\n\n - Sustainable sourcing for basic needs and food.\n\n\n - Inclusion of displaced persons in disaster risk reduction and climate action adaptation plans, policies, strategies, and\n\n\nmechanisms at the national, local, and inter-agency level.\n\n\n - Inclusion of forcibly displaced and stateless individuals in accessing basic services in the event of climate hazards.\n\n\n - Participation of affected communities in the planning, implementation and monitoring of activities related to the\n\n\npreparation for or responding to climate hazards.\n\n\n_South Sudanese refugee plants trees to combat climate change. Uganda._\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Partnerships**\n\n\nUNHCR will promote close collaboration with national ministries and institutions beyond our traditional interlocutors, including\n\n\nMinistries of Environment, Energy, Climate, National Forestry Authorities, and others to ensure inclusion of forcibly displaced\n\n\nand stateless populations into national strategies and action plans. UNHCR will also continue to expand its engagement with\n\n\nRECs (IGAD and EAC) as well as regional bodies such as the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR),\n\n\nwho can support with leveraging governments to protect people and address climate impacts in areas hosting forcibly\n\n\ndisplaced and stateless populations.\n\n\nUNHCR will also work closely with financial institutions, including but not limited to the World Bank Group, Islamic Development\n\n\nBank and African Development Bank, alongside bilateral development donors, to increase investments in environmentally\n\n\nsustainable services and infrastructure. Partnering with UN sister agencies that are leading in climate adaptation discussions\n\n\nsuch as UNEP, UNDP, IOM, ILO, and FAO will be key to advocate for inclusion of forcibly displaced into strategies, policies\n\n\nand projects.\n\n\nCGIAR and other technical centers, as well as academia and universities can assist with technical capacity, data and evidence.\n\n\nMeanwhile, national non-governmental organizations, civil society and refugee-led organizations are important partners to\n\n\nimplement climate smart programming, while the private sector can support the provision of sustainable technical solutions\n\n\n(e.g., green energy) and climate-resilient livelihoods in areas hosting forcibly displaced and stateless populations.\n\n\n**Data and evidence**\n\n\nMultiple studies and data systems in the region aim to unravel the intricate connection between climate change, conflict, and\n\n\nhuman mobility. However, there is a pressing need for more precise data concerning the vulnerability of displaced communities\n\n\nand their hosts to climate-related hazards. Analyzing weather patterns, climate-related disasters, and displacement flows in\n\n\nthe EHAGL region can reveal valuable trends. While there is a consensus on climate change influencing displacement triggers\n\n\nsuch as natural disasters, conflict and food insecurity, assessing its precise impacts remains challenging. Climate data is also\n\n\nessential for risk assessments in the region. Identifying areas at high risk of severe climate impacts can guide planning and\n\n\ninterventions, bolstering community resilience and mitigating displacement risks. Furthermore, data is invaluable for impact\n\n\nevaluation, as it can help assessing the effectiveness of policies and interventions addressing climate-induced displacement\n\n\nand specific vulnerabilities of displaced communities. By comparing data before and after interventions, we can determine if\n\n\nefforts have successfully reduced displacement and improved community resilience.\n\n\nReliable data also supports evidence-based decision-making which is essential for policy makers to develop strategies that\n\n\naddress the root causes of climate-induced displacement in the region, such as investing in climate-resilient infrastructure or\n\n\nsupporting livelihood diversification. Anticipating climate-related risks holistically is key in steering the region away from\n\n\nreactive humanitarian responses towards proactive and resilient developmental trajectories. To receive and analyze key data\n\n\nsets, UNHCR will collaborate with national and regional statistical offices, UN Organizations, REC\u2019s and research centers\n\n\ngiven their crucial role in key data collection activities. Technology companies can provide tools and expertise for analyzing\n\n\nlarge datasets, creating predictive models, and developing early warning systems, helping to prepare for and respond to\n\n\nclimate-induced disasters. NGOs, both local and international, including refugee-led organizations, bring extensive on-the\n\nground experience and can help implementing interventions and reaching communities that larger organizations may find\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Climate data", - "confidence": 0.945408821105957, - "start": 367, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EHAGL region", - "confidence": 0.953164279460907, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced communities", - "confidence": 0.9481910467147827, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reliable data", - "confidence": 0.6380061507225037, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EHAGL region", - "confidence": 0.7520633339881897, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced communities", - "confidence": 0.7922410368919373, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "early warning systems", - "confidence": 0.5307459831237793, - "start": 569, - "end": 572 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.7795340418815613, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[The Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement by UNHCR and the WBG contributes to the necessary scientific and socio-](https://www.jointdatacenter.org/)\n\n\neconomic research to foster understanding of [climate change impacts on cross-border movement, developing predictive](https://www.jointdatacenter.org/climate-change-and-forced-displacement/)\n\n\nmodels, and evaluating intervention effectiveness.\n\n### **Greening the Blue**\n\n\nIn the EHAGL region, one of the priority areas for UNHCR\u2019s Greening engagement is the solarization of our offices to meet a\n\n\nportion of the electricity needs. This transition to renewable energy sources not only reduces our carbon emissions, but also\n\n\ncontributes to cost savings in the long run. The change is driven by a Greening & Sustainability Team that is outposted to the\n\n\nEHAGL region. In 2023, we will solarize the largest emitting offices in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda. In 2024, high emission\n\n\noffices in South Sudan and Rwanda will be solarized, followed by offices in Sudan in 2025, should the situation allow. The\n\n\nGreening & Sustainability Team is also working on right sizing and reducing the use of generators in the region.\n\n\nFurthermore, we are actively exploring the feasibility of transitioning to electric vehicles wherever possible. By gradually\n\n\nreplacing conventional vehicles with electric ones, we aim to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and minimize the associated\n\n\ngreenhouse gas emissions. This transition aligns with our commitment to sustainable transportation and mitigating the climate\n\n\nimpact of our operations. In addition, UNHCR is in the process of installing smart electricity meters in our offices, commonly\n\n\nreferred to as \"Green Boxes\u201d. These meters enable better monitoring and management of electricity consumption, allowing\n\n\nus to identify areas for effective implementation of energy-saving measures. In 2023, the team helped to install Green Boxes\n\n\nin 85 offices in all countries in the EHAGL region, aiming to reach 100 by 2025.\n\n\n_UNHCR\u2019s solar-powered pumps provide Kakuma camp residents with clean water. Kenya._\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ccbb8695-f712-4028-821e-ef0e65c4eb02/RB%20EHAGL%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20Final_31.10.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_576/raw/doc_576_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_576/raw/doc_576_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0c84368b714440f258d714fab9d6d0d318c098b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_576/raw/doc_576_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE Integration Policy Brief I September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Contents\n\nOverview 3\n\nIntroduction 5\n\nLegal and practical impediments to inclusion 6\n\nGood practice 10\n\nMoving forward 12\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_Larisse, a Cameroonian asylum-seeker, is photographed with her four-month-old daughter Tianna at the_\n_Catholic Relief Services assistance centre in central Athens. Greece, March, 2021._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR / Achilleas Zavallis_\n\n\n2 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Overview\n\n\n\nThe spread of COVID-19 has challenged\nall of us to question conventional wisdom,\nthink differently and work together to find\nsolutions to the defining crisis of our times.\nIn Europe, COVID-19 has touched all parts\nof the continent without regard for\nnationality, legal or economic status, and\nhas profoundly changed the way we live,\nwork and interact with each other. It has\nappealed to our shared humanity and\ndemonstrated the logic of inclusion.\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely\nimpacted the socioeconomic fabric of\nsocieties in every corner of Europe and\nunderscored the paramount importance of\naccess to social safety nets, particularly\namong the most vulnerable. The\npandemic continues to threaten lives,\ndisrupt livelihoods and limit social\ninteraction. [1] Refugees across Europe have\nbeen disproportionally impacted. They\nwere among the first to lose their jobs and\nsmall enterprises, and often found\nthemselves at greater risk of infection as a\nresult of precarious living conditions,\nirregular employment and/or reliance on\npublic transport. With integration\nprocesses interrupted, many found\nthemselves unable to cover their basic\nneeds or, in some cases, at risk of\nhomelessness. [2] In such circumstances,\naccess to national social protection\nsystems is vital, and the response by many\nstates in Europe has been mixed. Unable\nto access national safety nets, previously\nself-reliant refugees across Europe had\nfew options but to approach UNHCR, its\npartners and local charities for support,\nand as substitutes for the State.\n\n\nThe legal framework in Europe regarding\nthe right of refugees to access social\nprotection systems is generally conducive,\nmore so than in many other parts of the\nworld, yet practical barriers to inclusion\nremain. In the wake of the pandemic,\nUNHCR undertook a systematized\nmapping of the state of play in 45\n\n\n\ncountries in Europe to better understand\nhow and why refugees are excluded, and\nto identify possible solutions. Everyone\nhas a stake in this. Exclusion from social\nassistance not only adversely affects\nrefugees through negative coping\nmechanisms and increased risk of\nexploitation, but impacts host communities\nand overall working conditions as well. In\nthe context of the pandemic, the inclusion\nof refugees in public health measures and\nvaccination campaigns makes good policy\nsense and is well accepted within host\ncommunities. This same logic should be\napplied to the inclusion of refugees to\nhelp communities build back better.\nRefugees have much to offer their host\ncommunities as workers, employers,\nconsumers, volunteers and tax payers.\nThey have a wealth of diverse skills,\ntalents and experiences.\n\n\nSupport for refugee inclusion and\nresponsibility-sharing among States has\nbeen steadily building in recent years. The\n\u201cleave no one behind\u2019\u2019 principle is at the\nheart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable\nDevelopment, while solidarity with\nrefugees and asylum-seekers is the\nanimating thread of the Global Compact\non Refugees. More recently, the UN\u2019s\nframework for the immediate socioeconomic response to COVID-19\nunderscores the imperative of inclusion. [3]\nAs evidenced in the ongoing debate over\nvaccine equity, the socio-economic\nrecovery from COVID-19 will challenge\npolitical aspirations to build back\ndifferently\u2014and better. The importance of\ndoing this together has arguably never\nbeen greater. This policy brief examines\nthe current state of play regarding\nrefugees\u2019 ability to access social\nprotection systems in Europe and outlines\na series of recommendations for policymakers and civil society at regional,\nnational and local levels to overcome legal\nand practical impediments to inclusion.\n\n\n\nU N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n\nResidents of the Krnja\u010da asylum centre near the Serbian\ncapital Belgrade line up to receive their first dose of the\nCOVID-19 vaccine. Serbia, April 2021.\n\n\n4 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Introduction\n\n##### **Social protection, as defined by the Social Protection Inter-Agency** **Cooperation Board (SPIAC-B), comprises a national system of laws,** **policies and programmes aimed at preventing and protecting all people** **against poverty, vulnerability, social exclusion throughout their lifecycle,** **with a focus on supporting the most vulnerable to manage the different** **range of risk encountered. Social protection encompasses the following:** \u2022 Social assistance (or social safety net), including cash transfers, short- term work schemes, in-kind distributions (food and non-food items) and waivers for utility bills. \u2022 Social insurance, including health insurance support, paid leave and unemployment support, pensions, disability benefits, flexible or reduced social security contributions. \u2022 Labor market support, including wage subsidies, additional training, labor regulation adjustments and reduced work time / subsidies.\n\n\n\nInternational and regional human rights\ninstruments, including the 1948 Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights [4], the 1966\nInternational Covenant on Economic,\nSocial and Cultural Rights [5], and the 1989\nConvention on the Rights of the Child, [6]\nestablish the universal human right to\nsocial security and, by extension, to social\nprotection. While refugees are covered by\nthese general human rights instruments,\nseveral specific international treaties also\ninclude provisions regarding the right to\naccess social protection, including the\n1951 Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees. [7] The latter also includes key\nprovisions related to refugee access to\nsocial security [8] and to public relief. [9] Most\nrecently, the New York Declaration in\n\n\n\n2016 [10] and the Global Compact on\nRefugees (GCR) in 2018 [11] also called for\ninclusion of refugees in social protection\nsystems, as part of the growing consensus\nin favor of greater responsibility-sharing\nand global solidarity.\n\n\nWhile social protection systems in Europe\nare generally quite advanced in\ncomparison to other regions in the world,\nthere are important differences both within\nand beyond the EU countries. [12] Refugee\naccess to social protection varies\nmarkedly across European States and is\noften dependent on the legal status of a\nperson in a given country and influenced\nby regulations, procedures and attitudes\ntowards them. [13]\n\n\n\nU N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Legal and practical impediments to inclusion\n\n\n\nThe public health impacts of the COVID-19\npandemic and the associated severe\neconomic contraction in the region cut\nacross all social strata. This is placing\nunprecedented strains on existing national\nsocial assistance programmes, which are\ndesigned to support vulnerable groups\nand soften the impacts of unexpected\nsystemic shocks. Refugees are one of\nmany vulnerable groups: strengthening\ngovernment systems and addressing\nbarriers to inclusion will help sustain\n#### 1. Legal barriers \u2022 The legal framework regarding social\n\nprotection is conducive for formally\nrecognized **refugees** in most European\ncountries. However, some legal barriers\nremain, including minimum length-ofresidence requirements to access\ncertain schemes (e.g. social housing or\nbasic income); inconsistencies\nbetween laws both at the national and\nthe local level with differing conditions,\nwith access in some contexts requiring\nnaturalization, and; potential adverse\nimpacts of beneficiaries in accessing a\npermanent residence status or family\nreunification for those having received\n\n\n\nfragile or marginalized households,\nincluding refugees, and promote a fair,\nequitable recovery across communities.\nAccess to social protection systems will\nenable refugees to retain social and\neconomic capital, mitigate the emergence\nof harmful coping mechanisms, and\nsupport national economic recovery\nthrough wage- and self-employment,\nincluding in areas with labor shortages but\nonly if existing barriers to inclusion are\naddressed.\n\n\nsocial assistance. Moreover, mandate\nrefugeesare often excluded due to a\nlack of a legal status. [14]\n\n\n- **Asylum-seekers**, compared to\nrefugees, are normally **not legally**\n**included in mainstream social**\n**protection schemes** but fall under\nspecialized programmes to cover their\nbasic needs (e.g. the EU reception\ndirective). However, five countries in\nthe region do grant full legal access to\nmainstream social protection schemes\nfor asylum-seekers. [15]\n\n\n#### 2. Administrative and practical barriers\n\n\n#### \u2022 Documentation: the lack of access to\n\nrequired documentation (e.g. birth\ncertificates, ID cards), delays in\nobtaining and renewing identity cards [16]\nand limited access to digital ID\nsystems [17], which could contribute to\naddress physical documentation gaps,\noften excludes refugees from relevant\nservices.\n\n\n- **Proof of residence:** in some cases,\nresidence attestations are not issued to\nthose living in informal settlements,\n\n\n\ngroup accommodations or shared flats\nwithout a formal contract, who are\nconsequently excluded from social\nprotection measures.\n\n\n- **Financial inclusion:** Bank accounts are\noften required to register for and\nreceive social assistance. Although the\nregulatory framework and\nrecommendations the Financial Action\nTask Force promote refugees\u2019 financial\ninclusion [18], in practice access to bank\naccounts often remains restricted due\n\n\n\n6 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n\n\nto documentation requirements,\nchallenges in accessing/renewing\n(digital) ID, lack of awareness the legal\nframework by financial service\nproviders, including related to\nlanguage and information gaps faced\nby refugees.\n\n\n- **Ambiguous interpretation of the law:**\nIf refugees are not explicitly mentioned\nas eligible, they are sometimes\nexcluded from services by national and\nlocal authorities.\n\n\n- **Limited access to in-person and**\n**online services:** Access to online\nplatforms often requires (digital) ID,\nrefugees may lack internet connections\nand/or devices, support over the\nphone is often monolingual, and\nrefugees often lack the means to pay\nfor transport to access in-person\nsupport.\n\n\n\n\n- **Long asylum and documentation**\n**procedures delay access:** including\ncumbersome bureaucratic procedures.\n\n\n- **Limited resources** earmarked for social\nprotection schemes. [19]\n\n\n- **Limited adequate and accessible**\n**information** on social protection\nschemes.\n\n\n- **Limited availability of multilingual**\n**procedures and/or of cultural**\n**mediators** to address limited hostcountry language skills of refugees.\n\n\n- **Lack of awareness and discrimination**\nby public service providers towards\nrefugees.\n\n\n\n\n\nU N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n#### 3. Key process-related constraints\n\n\n\n\n- Refugees generally face more\ndifficulties in accessing **social housing**\n**schemes** compared to other social\nassistance programmes (eligibility\nrequires a minimum time of legal\nresidence in the country/municipality or\nthe nationality of the country of asylum,\nin addition to the barriers listed under\n\n\n\npoints 1 and 2 above, there are also\nlong waiting periods upon registration).\n\n\n- **Lack of monitoring mechanisms** to\ntrack the effective access to social\nprotection of refugees, challenges and\naccess gaps.\n\n\n#### 4. Access barriers by social protection type\n\n\n\n\n- Most barriers have been identified\nregarding **social assistance**,\nparticularly housing schemes and\nfinancial assistance. Limited\nmultilingual procedures and lack of\ninformation, both among refugees and\nlocal service providers, often serves as\na practical barrier.\n\n\n- Challenges regarding **social insurance**\nare mainly linked to unemployment and\nhealth. In addition to the barriers\ndescribed under points 1 and 2,\neligibility criteria often require a\nminimum contribution period (up to\nthree years), which refugees often\n\n\n\ncannot meet. On the other hand, the\nchallenges in accessing decent\nemployment hinder access to\ncontributory social protection schemes.\n\n\n- Regarding **labor market support,**\nparticular difficulties have been\nidentified for entrepreneurship, linked\nto limited financial inclusion (bank\naccounts and credits), and employment\npromotion, particularly due to\ninadequate or inaccessible information\nand language issues.\n\n\n\n8 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Good practices\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### COVID-19 related social Social protection Labor market support protection measures schemes benefiting refugees and asylum-seekers\n\n10 U N H C R / R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n###### Access\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n\n\ntranslated a comprehensive information\nmaterial developed by its partner NGO\nOPU for refugees and foreign nationals\non labor arrangements during COVID-19\npandemic into Russian, English and\nArabic. It was regularly updated to\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### to housing Reducing administrative/le- Capacity building Access to information gal barriers\n\n\n\n36\n\n\n\nU N H C R / R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Moving forward: Recommendations to enhance access and inclusion\n#### Legal framework\n\n\n\n**For national and local governments:**\n\n- Facilitate a smooth transition from\nrefugee-specific support to mainstream\nsocial protection systems, avoiding\nassistance gaps and accompanying the\nprocess.\n\n- Implement measures to enhance\ninclusion of persons of concern in legal\nand regulatory digital identity\nframeworks, systems, as this would\nenable their effective access to\nessential services, such as bank\naccounts and social benefits.\n\n- Ensure unhindered and effective\naccess to documentation and identity\ndocuments, in particular residence\nregistration at the municipal level.\n\n\n\n\n- Promote individualized protection and\nintegration support to refugees.\n\n**For national and local governments,**\n**European Commission (EC) and Council**\n**of Europe (CoE):**\n\n- Review social protection laws and\npolicies to ensure these are inclusive,\nnon-discriminatory, consistent, clearly\nformulated and avoid ambiguity. Ensure\nthe establishment of mechanisms to\nfacilitate enjoyment of rights in\npractice.\n\n\n#### Strengthen evidence on effective inclusion and systematically identify access barriers\n\n\n\n**For EC, national and local governments:**\n\n- Consider incorporating a question on\nlegal status in household surveys and\nnational censuses, as this would help\ncapture the situation of asylumseekers, refugees, subsidiary\nprotection holders and stateless\npersons.\n\n- Review existing monitoring tools and\nincorporate specific indicators on\neffective access and barriers to social\nprotection to enhance understanding\nand inform changes.\n\n\n\n**For EC and CoE:**\n\n- Promote and facilitate improved\nmonitoring mechanisms for legal and\neffective access. Data should be\ndisaggregated by legal status through\nthe respective Mutual Information\nSystems on Social Protection.\n\n**For international organizations (UNCT,**\n**World Bank, IMF, ILO, UNICEF,**\n**Development Bank of the Council of**\n**Europe):**\n\n- Support gathering of evidence on\neffective access to social protection\nand related rights and services. Ensure\ndata is disaggregated by legal status in\nsocial protection studies and\nmonitoring mechanisms.\n\n\n\n12 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n#### Build capacity for inclusion\n\n\n\n**For governments and public services:**\n\n- Train social workers on refugee-related\nissues and their rights to social\nprotection, including specific\nvulnerabilities and challenges of\npersons of concern in accessing social\nprotection schemes related to their\nlegal status.\n\n- Ensure accessible and adequate\ncultural mediation services for the\ninteraction with relevant public\nservices, where needed, and offer\nsupport for application processes.\n\n- Combat xenophobia and discrimination\nin accessing social protection schemes\nthrough training, awareness-raising,\nsetting up complaints/feedback\n\n\n\nmechanisms and improving monitoring\nthis may be done both as stand-alone\nactivities and as part of broader antidiscrimination efforts.\n\n**For NGOs, refugee organizations,**\n**refugee-led organizations:**\n\n- Raise awareness among social\nservices, local authorities, and refugees\nthemselves on their rights to social\nprotection schemes, administrative and\npractical access barriers and how to\ntackle these.\n\n\n#### Ensure targeted and participatory responses to enhance effective access\n\n\n\n**For national and local governments and**\n**service providers with the support of**\n**NGOs, refugee organizations and**\n**refugee-led organizations:**\n\n- Ensure participation of refugees in\nneeds assessments, the development\nand implementation of social protection\nschemes and related social services.\nThis will allow for the development of\nadequate schemes and services, the\ndefinition of eligibility criteria and\ndocumentation requirements and the\naddressing of barriers to effective\naccess to services, building upon\nrefugees\u2019 needs and capacities.\n\n- Ensure participation of refugees in the\nmonitoring and evaluation of social\nprotection schemes and social\nservices. tThis will allow for the\nmeasurement of effective access, the\nidentification of specific access barriers\nfaced by refugees and the\n\n\n\ndevelopment of solutions to address\nthese.\n\n- Provide/facilitate adequate and uniform\ninformation on social protection\nsystems, design feedback/complaints\nmechanisms and use diverse\ncommunications channels. Ensure a\nparticipatory approach and in\ndesigning information materials and\ndefining communication channels to\nensure effectiveness.\n\n- Ensure information is available and\naccessible in relevant languages and\ntakes into consideration an _**Age,**_\n_**gender, diversity approach**_ _**[37]**_ (e.g. for\npersons of concern with disabilities or\nthose who are illiterate)\n\n- Support effective inclusion through\nproviding information, legal and social\ncounselling, and assistance, including\nsupport for filling in applications.\n\n\n\nU N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n# Endnotes\n\n1 While the document uses the term refugee, this shall include all persons of concern to UNHCR, comprising\nrefugees, asylum-seekers, subsidiary protection holders, stateless persons and internally displaced persons.\nConsidering that the right to social protection is usually determined by the legal status, where relevant, disaggregated\ndata will be presented.\n\n\n2 A recent publication by the share network demonstrates the socioeconomic impact on migrants, refugees, and\nasylum seekers in selected EU countries. Available under: [http://resettlement.eu/page/share-network-survey-results-](http://resettlement.eu/page/share-network-survey-results-impact-covid-19 )\n[impact-covid-19](http://resettlement.eu/page/share-network-survey-results-impact-covid-19 )\n\n\n3 [https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socio-economic-response-covid-19](https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socio-economic-response-covid-19)\n\n\n4 A/RES/3/217 A.\n\n\n5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, No. 14531.\n\n\n6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.\n\n\n7 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 606, No. 8791. Particularly in its Chapter III on Gainful Employment articles and\nin Chapter IV on Welfare articles, in particular Public Education, Public Relief, Labour Legislation and Social Security\n(including Public Health).\n\n\n8 See article 24 of the CSR.\n\n\n9\u201cArticle 23. - Public relief: \u2018The Contracting States shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their territory the same\ntreatment with respect to public relief and assistance as is accorded to their nationals.\u2019\n\n\n10 Paragraph 83 of the New York Declaration commits the development of national strategies within the framework of\nnational social protection systems.\n\n\n11 Paragraph 81.\n\n\n12 A general overview of social protection schemes in the EU and EFTA countries is available through the\nEC\u2019s Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC), available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.](https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=815)\n[jsp?langId=en&catId=815, while information for Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia,](https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=815)\nMoldova, Montenegro, the Russian Federation, Serbia, North Macedonia, Turkey and Ukraine can be obtained\nthrough the Mutual Information System on Social Protection of the Council of Europe (MISSCEO), available at: [http://](http://www.missceo.coe.int/.)\n[www.missceo.coe.int/.](http://www.missceo.coe.int/.)\n\n\n13 Asylum-seekers are lawfully present in each country and should by virtue of that be included in basic social\nprotection mechanisms associated with the rights granted on account of their legal stay (e.g. health care). Recognized\nrefugees enjoy status rights and their inclusion in social protection mechanisms should thus be derived from that.\nMandate refugees could face difficulties in countries where the UNHCR mandate status does not lead to a national\nlegal status. Stateless people, especially those who have not been formally granted the statelessness status, tend\nto be excluded from national systems that are built on legal status and belonging. Internally displaced persons are\ncitizens or habitual residents of their own country and should be included at par in all social protection mechanisms.\nHowever, in practice, exclusion may occur for other reasons (systemic).\n\n\n14 Persons who are recognized by UNHCR acting under the authority of its Statute and relevant UN General\nAssembly resolutions, but not the national authorities and as such often lack a national legal status.\n\n\n15 Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria and Kosovo. Nevertheless, administrative and practical access barriers\nremain.\n\n\n16 While the COVID-19 situation affected the issuance and renewal of residence permits, difficulties had already been\nregistered before, negatively impacting refugees\u2019 access to banking services, employment, education, housing, and\nsocial protection, among others.\n\n\n17 Digital identity can facilitate protection and empowerment of refugees and asylum-seekers, considering its\npotential in enabling access to essential services and programs, including social and financial services, as well as\nsocial benefits. For more details, please refer to Principles on identification for Sustainable Development: Toward the\nDigital Age. Second Edition. World Bank Group (2021). Available under: [https://www.refworld.org/pdfd/59db4aaa4.pdf](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/59db4aaa4.pdf )\n\n\n18 Directive 2014/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014: Payment Accounts\nDirective which states the right for asylum seekers and refugees to open a bank account. Available under: https://\neur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.257.01.0214.01.ENG and Financial Action Task\nForce (FATF): FATF Guidance on Digital Identity - in brief (2020), available at:: [http://www.fatf-gaf.org/publications/](http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/financialinclusionandnpoissues/documents/digital-identity-guid)\n\n\n14 U N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE\n\n\n[fnancialinclusionandnpoissues/documents/digital-identity-guidance.html.](http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/financialinclusionandnpoissues/documents/digital-identity-guid)\n\n\n19 This barrier is shared with the national population, leading to insufficient and delayed support for covering basic\nneeds of the poor and economically excluded population in several European countries. For more details, please\nrefer to the Statement by Professor Olivier De Schutter, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and\nhuman rights, on his visit to the European Union (25 November 2020 to 29 January 2021), available at: [https://www.](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26693&LangID=E)\n[ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26693&LangID=E](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26693&LangID=E)\n\n\n20 For more information, please refer to: [https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/competence-check-vocational-](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/competence-check-vocational-integration-refugees#:~:text=T)\n[integration-refugees#:~:text=The%20PES%20Vienna%20piloted%20the,or%20develop%20their%20own%20](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/competence-check-vocational-integration-refugees#:~:text=T)\n[instruments.](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/competence-check-vocational-integration-refugees#:~:text=T)\n\n\n21 More information is set out by the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (KMK)\n[(https://www.kmk.org/zab/central-ofce-for-foreign-education/refugees-without-evidence-of-qualifcation.html) as well](https://www.kmk.org/zab/central-office-for-foreign-education/refugees-without-evidence-of-qualificat)\n[as the the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) (https://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.](https://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/html/en/pro/skills-analysis.php)\n[de/html/en/pro/skills-analysis.php)](https://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/html/en/pro/skills-analysis.php)\n\n\n22 For more information, please refer to: [https://www.imdi.no/om-imdi/aktuelt-na/informasjon-om-integreringspakke-](https://www.imdi.no/om-imdi/aktuelt-na/informasjon-om-integreringspakke-ii/?utm_source=IMDI+-+Nyhets)\n[ii/?utm_source=IMDI+-+Nyhetsbrev&utm_campaign=006fed1911-m_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_](https://www.imdi.no/om-imdi/aktuelt-na/informasjon-om-integreringspakke-ii/?utm_source=IMDI+-+Nyhets)\n[d03f2a9490-006fed1911-373921041](https://www.imdi.no/om-imdi/aktuelt-na/informasjon-om-integreringspakke-ii/?utm_source=IMDI+-+Nyhets)\n\n\n23 For more information, please refer to: [https://www.berlin.de/willkommenszentrum/en/housing/search-fuer-an-](https://www.berlin.de/willkommenszentrum/en/housing/search-fuer-an-apartment/)\n[apartment/](https://www.berlin.de/willkommenszentrum/en/housing/search-fuer-an-apartment/)\n\n\n24 For more information, please refer to: [http://www.startblokriekerhaven.nl/](http://www.startblokriekerhaven.nl/)\n\n\n25 [https://www.covid.is/english](https://www.covid.is/english)\n\n\n26 For more information, please refer to: [https://www.jumamap.it/en/](https://www.jumamap.it/en/)\n\n\n27 [https://www.sst.dk/en/English/Corona-eng/Further-information/Publications-in-other-languages](https://www.sst.dk/en/English/Corona-eng/Further-information/Publications-in-other-languages)\n\n\n28 For more information, please refer to: https://www.infofinland.fi/en/living-in-finland/problem-situations/coronavirus,\nsocial media channels: [https://www.facebook.com/infofnland.f?ref=ts&fref=ts.](https://www.facebook.com/infofinland.fi?ref=ts&fref=ts)\n\n\n29 [https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/fles/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20)\n[forcibly%20displaced%20persons.pdf](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20)\n\n30 A New Package of Assistance for Businesses and Citizens in the Context of COVID-19, available at:: [https://](https://stopcov.ge/en/daxmarebebi)\n\n[stopcov.ge/en/daxmarebebi](https://stopcov.ge/en/daxmarebebi)\n\n31 For more information, please refer to: [http://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/goodpractices.html](http://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/goodpractices.html)\n\n32 For more information, please refer to: [https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRCyprus/posts/4379549355388404](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRCyprus/posts/4379549355388404)\n\n\n33 Available under: [https://www.facebook.com/makeroomglobal/videos/1018197262045398/](https://www.facebook.com/makeroomglobal/videos/1018197262045398/)\n\n\n34 Online material is available at: [https://www.opu.cz/en/2020/04/koronavirus-pracovnepravni-informace-nejen-pro-](https://www.opu.cz/en/2020/04/koronavirus-pracovnepravni-informace-nejen-pro-cizince/)\n[cizince/](https://www.opu.cz/en/2020/04/koronavirus-pracovnepravni-informace-nejen-pro-cizince/)\n\n\n35 For more information, please refer to: [https://help.unhcr.org/cyprus/, https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRCyprus/](https://help.unhcr.org/cyprus/)\n[posts/4142830419060300,](http://posts/4142830419060300) [https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRCyprus/posts/4405426139467392](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRCyprus/posts/4405426139467392)\n\n\n36 UNHCR developed different initiatives to facilitate refugees\u2019 access to information, including on social protection\nand public services in multiple languages. In 18 European countries HELP platforms are operated that provide\ncomprehensive country-specific information on asylum procedures, rights and duties, access to services and\nfeedback mechanisms, among other topics. Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,\nGeorgia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, North Macedonia, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Spain,\nSwitzerland, Turkey and Ukraine. Help pages can be accessed through: [https://help.unhcr.org/](https://help.unhcr.org/)\n\n\n37 [An age, gender and diversity (AGD) approach seeks to ensure that all persons fully participate in](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=5bb628ea4&skip=0&query=age%20gender%20policy)\ndecisions that afect them and enjoy their rights on an equal footing with others. This should include dialogues and\nconsultations with children and youth, women, persons with disabilities, LGBTI persons and others with specific\nneeds. For more details, please refer to UNHCR\u2019s AGD policy: [https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.htm)\n[policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.html](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.htm)\n\n\nU N H C R > I N T E G R AT I O N P O L I C Y B R I E F I > R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, 2 0 2 1 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND: PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ACCESS OF REFUGEES IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN POST-PANDEMIC EUROPE SEPTEMBER 2021\n\n**P.O. Box 2500**\n**1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/222e0ff3-83f2-3b56-bc22-3ef1ea997d01/RBE%20SP%20Integration%20Policy%20Brief%20I%20V9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_577/raw/doc_577_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_577/raw/doc_577_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 30c4fb511f2fa56609475a0c819bbdbb72c7260e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_577/raw/doc_577_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,244 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**July 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 July 2022\n\n\nOverview\nAs of the end of July 2022, Southern Africa hosts around **8.6 million persons of concern (PoCs) to UNHCR** . This\nincludes 1.1 million refugees and asylum-seekers, 6.9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), 526,000 IDP\nreturnees, as well as others of concern and refugee returnees. **The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) represents**\n**77 per cent of the total number of PoCs in the region.**\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\nThe region hosts **786,000 refugees, 281,000 asylum-seekers and 36,000 others of concern**, 1.1 million in total.\nCompared to the end of 2021, total of 1.1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern, the number has been\nstable showing the decrease of 0.5 per cent only.\nThe number of refugees has increased for 0.3 per\ncent, while the number of asylum-seekers and\nothers of concern have decreased for 2.8 and 0.4\nper cent, respectively.\n\n\n\nInternally Displaced Persons\n(IDPs)\nIn Southern Africa, there are **6.9 million internally**\n**displaced persons (IDPs)**, presenting a rise for 0.9\nper cent from 31 December 2021, and **526,000 IDP**\n**returnees** . Most IDPs are conflict-induced, 6.4\nmillion, but there are also natural disaster-induced\nIDPs, 0.5 million. In addition, the number of conflictinduced IDPs in Mozambique has grown\ncontinuously; currently the number of IDPs by\nconflict is 947,000 compared to 745,000 as of the\nend of last year, which is an increase of 27.1 per cent\n(see Figure 1). Figure 1. Number of IDPs and IDP returnees in RBSA by Cause as of\n\n31 July 2022\n\n\nMixed Movements\nIn June 2022, IOM reported some\n84,900 individuals involved in\nmixed movements, while only 1 per\ncent, approximately 1,200, of the\nmixed movements were related to\nconflict or disaster as declared,\nwhich could be interpreted as\nforced movements related to\nUNHCR\u2019s PoCs. The proportion of\nthe identified forced movements\nvary each month from January 2021\nto June 2022 (see Figure 2).\n\nFigure 2. Trends of Mixed Movements by Type\n\n\nHowever, in the same month of June 2022, UNHCR\u2019s internal biometric system only identified 186 cross-border\nmovements, that is, moving from one country of asylum to another one. In the end, IOM and UNHCR data collection\nmechanisms do not cover the same kinds of movements exactly, but there are overlaps in movements of forcibly\ndisplaced persons. The efforts should continue through the interagency coordination to have a comprehensive\nidentification mechanism of mixed movements in the region to leave no one behind.\n\nNote: The number of IDPs in DRC is updated with the updated figure by OCHA for July 2022, while the IDP figures up to June 2022 have been used\nOCHA\u2019s November 2021 figure as the government endorsed.\nData Sources: proGres v4 (PRIMES) hosts the data of refugees and asylum-seekers in 11 countries. In South Africa, the data are managed by the\ngovernment. In Angola, DRC, Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portions of the data are external. For IDP data, the source of DRC\u2019s IDP figure is the OCHA;\nthe sources in Mozambique and Zimbabwe are the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the IOM; and the source in Republic of the Congo is the\ngovernment, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH). The data source of mixed movement is IOM Flow Monitoring Registry, and\nthe data as of July 2022 is not available yet at the moment of writing.\n\n\n\nFigure 1. Number of IDPs and IDP returnees in RBSA by Cause as of\n31 July 2022\n\n\n\nFigure 2. Trends of Mixed Movements by Type\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP figures", - "confidence": 0.5656355619430542, - "start": 571, - "end": 573 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6241201162338257, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.596107542514801, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5138276219367981, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.5122118592262268, - "start": 663, - "end": 666 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.5670721530914307, - "start": 667, - "end": 668 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5829830765724182, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6208277940750122, - "start": 715, - "end": 716 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Flow Monitoring Registry", - "confidence": 0.5134623646736145, - "start": 704, - "end": 708 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5079002976417542, - "start": 704, - "end": 705 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5733014941215515, - "start": 715, - "end": 716 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n31-Jul-22\n\n\n**PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION***\n\n\n**515,066** **REF**\n\n\n\n**41,040** **REF**\n\n\n**13,715** **ASY**\n\n\n\n**2,576** **ASY**\n\n\n**5,526,022** **IDP**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF**\n\n\n**ASY**\n\n\n**OOC**\n\n\n**RET**\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES**\n\n## **8,576,849**\n\nTotal Population of concern\n\n###### **1,103,515**\n\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers, other\nof concern & returnees**\n\n\n**785,892**\n\n\n**281,015**\n\n\n**36,397**\n\n\n**211**\n\n###### **7,473,334**\n\n\nIDPs & IDP returnees population\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural Disaster IDPs\n\n**528,466**\n**7%**\n\n\nConflict Induced IDPs\n\n**6,419,356**\n**86%**\n\n\n\nIDPs RET\n\n**525,512**\n**7%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET (** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); **IDP Zimbabwe** (IOM); **IDP ROC & Mozambique** (Goverment, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH) & National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC))\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee. DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Republic of the Congo Date of creation : 31 July 2022 For more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES\n\n331 280 26 25\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN**\n\nAs of 31 July 2022\n\n\nMAP OF THE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 4 POCs AND MORE *\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Total cross**\n**border**\n**movements**\n\n\n\n**Intra region** **Outward**\n**movemens** **movements from**\n**the region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3,276\n\n\n\nBefore 2019 2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2022 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n\nAs of 31 July 2022\n\n\nMAP OF VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n\n9,124\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatrieted since\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2022\n\n\n\n1,660 7,464\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY\n\n\n**3,874**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**15,149**\n\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation PoCs = Persons of Concern Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Printing date:\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2022\ufffd **Sources:\ufffd** UNCS, UNHCR\ufffd **Author:\ufffd** UNHCR - RBSA DIMA Unit\ufffd **Feedback:\ufffd** rsarbdima@unhcr.org\ufffd **Filename:\ufffd** RBSA_Presence\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Persons\ufffdof\ufffdconcern\ufffdin\ufffdSouthern\ufffdAfrica,\ufffdData\ufffdas\ufffdof\ufffd31\ufffdJuly\ufffd2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes:\ufffd*'Other'\ufffdin\ufffdthe\ufffdlocation\ufffdrefers\ufffdto\ufffdany\ufffdknown\ufffdlocation\ufffdother\ufffdthan\ufffdcamp\ufffdor\ufffdsettlement\ufffdsites,\ufffdcovering\ufffdboth\ufffdurban\ufffdand\ufffdrural\ufffdareas;\ufffd**self\ufffdsettled\ufffdrefers\ufffdto\ufffdthe\ufffdindividuals\ufffdwithout\ufffdavailable\ufffdinformation\ufffdsuch\ufffdas\ufffdtheir\ufffdnames\ufffdand\ufffdlocations,\ufffdand\ufffdtheir\ufffdlocations\ufffdare\ufffdcategorised\ufffdto\ufffdbe\ufffd'unknown';\ufffdthose\ufffdby\ufffdlocation\ufffdin\ufffdCongo,\ufffdDemocratic\ufffdRepublic\ufffdof\ufffdthe\ufffdCongo\ufffd\nand\ufffdZimbabwe\ufffdcould\ufffdbe\ufffddifferent\ufffdfrom\ufffdthe\ufffdnumbers\ufffdoperation\ufffdreport\ufffddue\ufffdto\ufffdinconsistency\ufffdin\ufffdproGres\ufffdv4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Updates to Address the Regional Data Gaps\n\n\nIn pursuing the effort to enhance the regional data quality, the Regional Bureau of Southern Africa planned\nverification exercises in six countries, Zambia, Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, DRC and Zimbabwe, in\n2022. As of July 2022, only two countries, Zambia and DRC, undertook the verification exercises.\n\n\nIn Zambia, the verification was completed in July 2022, and the scope of the exercise covered the whole country\nexcept for self-settled (28 Districts in 5 Provinces) of about 12,404 individual cases out of proGres that were excluded\nfrom the verification scope by the Government. In the DRC, only 1,500 refugees and asylum seekers were verified,\nrepresenting 2 per cent of 91,400 to be verified and documented as a priority this year. The country operation\nexpressed the need for additional financial resources to complete the exercise.\n\n\nIt is worth to mention that the preparation of the verification exercises in Mozambique and Malawi is moving well. In\nApril 2022, a regional registration and identity management mission was carried out in Mozambique to support the\ncountry in planning and to agree on the possibility of launching this exercise before the end of this year. Tentatively,\nUNHCR Mozambique and the government counterpart, the National Institute for Refugee Assistance (Instituto\nNacional de Apoio aos Refugiados, INAR) have agreed to start the exercise in September 2022. In Malawi, the\nbudget for the exercise has been secured, and the country operation is committed to kick off the exercise in October\n2022.\n\n\nIn Republic of the Congo, the verification planning is completed. Still, the budget of the exercise is not yet secured\nto kick off the exercise, and efforts are underway to identify the budget to cover this critical exercise to improve the\ndata quality and to ease protection interventions. However, in Zimbabwe, due to budgetary constraints, no further\nactions have been moved forward for the verification. Given the reduced budget for 2023, the Zimbabwe operation\nwill still face financial challenges with conducting a verification exercise.\n\n\nThe verification exercise in the six countries outlined above aimed to address the data quality of 72 percent of the\nregional data for refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern. The verification is an important channel to have\naccurate data because the exercises re-establish accurate population figures at a given moment, producing the\ndata needed to determine assistance requirements and to design relevant protection programming. In addition, the\nverification exercise is one of the factors to mitigate the risk related to the \u201cIntegrity and quality of information on\npersons of concern compromised\u201d, which has been identified in the regional risk registry in 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional data", - "confidence": 0.7789875864982605, - "start": 404, - "end": 406 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5931098461151123, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.6110222935676575, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional risk registry", - "confidence": 0.9879518151283264, - "start": 489, - "end": 492 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9965152740478516, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.8585094809532166, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8888f4f-4648-46b1-9e1e-943f41984e18/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis%20July%202022-min.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_578/raw/doc_578_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_578/raw/doc_578_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5be96394604c0546ac0a85bb18b27bfc118612e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_578/raw/doc_578_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,289 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population Data Analysis**\n\n##### **Regional Bureau for** **Southern Africa**\n\n**April 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 April 2023\n\n\nOverview\n\nAs of the end of April 2023, Southern Africa hosts around **8.7 million people that UNHCR has the mandate**\n**and responsibility to protect and assist** . This includes almost 776,300 refugees, 197,700 asylum-seekers,\n29,600 others of concern, [ 1] 7.1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) induced by conflicts, as well as\nreturned refugees of more than 500 and 510,000 returned IDPs. In addition, 1.2 million IDPs are induced by\nclimate change and disaster.The increase from the previous month is mainly caused by the growth in new\ninternal displacements and IDPs returns in the DRC. **The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) hosts 82**\n**per cent of the population in the region** .\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\nThe 1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern has recorded a decrease compare to last year\npopulation figure. From the above mentioned figure, 75 per cent originate from countries outside Southern\nAfrica region. [2] The top five countries of origin: Central African Republic (242,500), Rwanda (238,000),\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (214,400), Burundi (83,600) and South Sudan (56,700).\n\nInternally Displaced\nPersons (IDPs)\n\n\n\nIn the Southern Africa region, **86**\n**per** **cent** **of** **the** **internally**\n**displacements is caused by**\n**conflicts** . 3 Around 510,000\nindividuals returned from internal\ndisplacement in DRC. The\nincrease of IDPs from last month is\nobserved in DRC. The number of\nreturned IDPs has moved from\naround 145,600 to 510,400,\nincreased by 251 per cent,\ncontributing to increases of total\npopulation. IDPs induced by\nconflicts are reported in DRC,\nCongo and Mozambique, and\nIDPs induced by disaster are\nreported in DRC, Malawi,\nMozambique and Zimbabwe.\n\nEducation\n\n\n\nFigure 1. Number of IDPs as of 30 April 2023.\n\n\n\nAs of April 2023, among refugee children with recorded education levels in the region, 40 per cent has\nhad no education. Thirty-six per cent attained Grade six or lower level of education. Those who have\nachieved between Grade seven and fourteen or vocational education are 21 per cent. Only two per cent\nhave attended university or post-graduate level. This low percentage impact the ability of forcibly\ndisplaced persons to participate in enhancing their livelihoods and general well-being meaningfully.\n\nData Sources: proGres v4 (PRIMES), government, OCHA and IOM DTM.\n\n\n1 Others of concern refer to those who are linked to (but not classified as) refugees and asylum-seekers, and who need assistance by UNHCR.\nIn most cases in Southern Africa, they are family members, i.e., spouse or children, of refugees or asylum-seekers.\n2 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola, Botswana,\nComoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia and\nZimbabwe.\n3 The number of IDPs in DRC is as of 31 March 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9630217552185059, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5663550496101379, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.9097242951393127, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9687250852584839, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.5300663709640503, - "start": 71, - "end": 74 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.8899210095405579, - "start": 501, - "end": 503 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "PRIMES", - "confidence": 0.7823482155799866, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.5599193572998047, - "start": 546, - "end": 548 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7672514319419861, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 30 April 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n**520,096** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**42,117** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2,483** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), Mozambique (248,962), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (206,494)\nand Zimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 30 April 2023\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 April 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES\n\n1,715 589 505 621\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 15 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 13)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 52)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 12)**\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 27)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 15\nREFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE ***\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|COD|\n|---|---|---|\n|**BDI - 249**
**212 REF**
**37 ASY**|**312 REF**
**TZA - 21 ASY**
**ZAF - 16 ASY**
212
21
16
212
21
16|**312 REF**|\n|**BDI - 249**
**212 REF**
**37 ASY**|**312 REF**
**TZA - 21 ASY**
**ZAF - 16 ASY**
212
21
16
212
21
16|**ZAF - 16 ASY**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements
24%
Outward
movements
28%|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,715
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
1,715
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
|\n\n\n\n\n- The flows shown are restricted only to movements of a minimum group people, therefore the totals is different from\nthe overal movements of the month due to the exclusion. In case of the same country of origin and first country of\nasylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of origin are replaced with the previous nationality.\n\n\n\n** REF = Refugee, ASY = Asylum-Seeker, OOC = Other person of concern *** All countries were named according to the ISO 3 Codes.\nBDI = Burundi, COD = Democratic Republic of the Congo, COG = Republic of the Congo, SSD- South Sudan, KEN = Kenya, UGA = Uganda, MWI = Malawi,\nMOZ = Mozambique, NAM = Namibia, TZA=Tanzania, ZMB = Zambia, ZWE =Zimbabwe\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS", - "confidence": 0.885534405708313, - "start": 25, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.942553699016571, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.954725980758667, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6760593056678772, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.9861395359039307, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS", - "confidence": 0.7290410995483398, - "start": 176, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.9436305165290833, - "start": 185, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "flows", - "confidence": 0.6154181957244873, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country of origin", - "confidence": 0.7672290802001953, - "start": 603, - "end": 606 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6564801335334778, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR PRIMES", - "confidence": 0.8251379132270813, - "start": 720, - "end": 722 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7049475312232971, - "start": 720, - "end": 721 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\nAs of 30 April 2023\n\n\nMAP OF VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION FLOW OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n\n1,836\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatrieted since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2023\n\n\n\n503 1,333\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY\n\n**856**\n\n\n\n\n|40 406
134|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, pleas e contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES***\n\nAs of 30 April 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF = Refugee ASY = Asylum seeker Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 30 April 2023***\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *The number of IDPs in DRC is as of 31 March 2023 and IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; ***self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are\ncategorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres v4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Surveys and assessments in the region\n\nEffective monitoring of surveys and assessments remains a critical challenge in the region. One of the key\nrelated concerns is the duplication in data collection, leading to expensive costs. This issue requires the\nreinforcement of data governance.\n\nFurthermore, the bureau is working with stakeholders to reinforce existing multi-functional teams (MFTs) at\ncountry level to lead data collection and ensure data accuracy and consistency. In addition, the Bureau is\nenvisioning the establishment of a regional data quality standard to identify and manage data risks and define\ndata ownership and accountability. The expected results will enable the achievement of reliable data.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a216c6bd-c892-40c6-920b-be3d12cbb2d0/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_202304%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_579/raw/doc_579_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_579/raw/doc_579_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1e9619a34579d6488a8392cb0f8930d460a8c17b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_579/raw/doc_579_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**August 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 August 2022\n\n\nOverview\nAs of the end of August 2022, Southern Africa hosts around **8.6 million persons of concern (PoCs) to UNHCR** .\nThis includes 1.1 million refugees and asylum-seekers and 6.9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), as well as\nothers of concern, refugee returnees and IDP returnees. **The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) represents 77**\n**per cent of the regional data.**\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and\nOthers of concern\nThe region hosts **782,000 refugees, 279,000 asylum-**\n**seekers and 36,000 others of concern** . Among those 1.1\nmillion PoCs, 74 per cent of them are from the countries\noutside of the Southern Africa region. [1] The top five\ncountries of origin are Central African Republic (243,000),\nRwanda (242,000), DRC (220,000), Burundi (83,000) and\nEthiopia (61,000).\n\nInternally Displaced Persons (IDPs)\nIn Southern Africa, there are **6.9 million internally**\n**displaced persons (IDPs)** . Most of them are conflictinduced, 6.4 million, but there are also natural disasterinduced IDPs, 0.5 million. The data on IDPs are reported in\n\nFigure 1. Number of IDPs in RBSA by Cause as of 31 August\n\nDRC, Congo, Mozambique and Zimbabwe (see Figure 1). 2022\n\nMovements of Persons of Concern\nThe total number of forced movements captured in the IOM Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) shows 7,092 individuals\nsince January 2022 (see Figure 2 (a)). In the same period, UNHCR tracked 19,081 movements across borders\nthrough the internal registration system, PRIMES, mainly (see Figure 2 (b)). The movements include new arrivals,\nreturns and secondary movements, also called onward movements or cross-border movements. The data UNHCR\nmanages are lacking in the movements involving South Africa, while IOM FMR presents the movements of South\nAfrica involved, providing complementary insight about PoCs\u2019 movements. In the end, IOM and UNHCR data\ncollection mechanisms do not cover the same kinds of movements exactly, but there are overlaps in movements\nof forcibly displaced persons. The efforts should continue through interagency coordination to have a\ncomprehensive identification mechanism of mixed movements in the region to leave no one behind.\n\n\nNotes: With the review of Mid-Year Statistics Report, the total figure of PoCs as of 30 June is revised to 8,492,731 due to the revised IDP figure in\nDRC and the updated figures in South Africa.\nData Sources: proGres v4 (PRIMES) hosts the data of refugees and asylum-seekers in 11 countries. In South Africa, the data are managed by the\ngovernment. In Angola, DRC, Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portions of the data are external. For IDP data, the source of DRC\u2019s IDP figure is the OCHA;\nthe sources in Mozambique and Zimbabwe are the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the IOM; and the source in the Republic of Congo is the\ngovernment, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH). The mixed movement data of IOM FMR as of August 2022 are not\navailable yet at the moment of writing.\n\n\n1 The Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola,\nBotswana, Comoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia\nand Zimbabwe.\n\n\nUNHCR / August 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.7953652739524841, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.833370566368103, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7403813600540161, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5028294324874878, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8052239418029785, - "start": 259, - "end": 262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6339836120605469, - "start": 292, - "end": 293 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.72147536277771, - "start": 203, - "end": 206 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Flow Monitoring Registry", - "confidence": 0.8915063142776489, - "start": 307, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FMR", - "confidence": 0.8827977180480957, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5042520761489868, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9078803062438965, - "start": 292, - "end": 293 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5461993217468262, - "start": 292, - "end": 293 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRIMES", - "confidence": 0.6983295679092407, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8582720160484314, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mid-Year Statistics Report", - "confidence": 0.9715455770492554, - "start": 475, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6671493649482727, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5501717329025269, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.587314784526825, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.561715304851532, - "start": 524, - "end": 527 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mixed movement data", - "confidence": 0.8403111100196838, - "start": 619, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa region", - "confidence": 0.6243259310722351, - "start": 641, - "end": 644 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8798995018005371, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "August 2022", - "confidence": 0.6197211146354675, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n31-Aug-22\n\n\n**PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION***\n\n\n**518,899** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n**41,095** **REF**\n\n\n**13,739** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2,183** **ASY**\n\n\n**5,526,022** **IDP**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF**\n\n\n**ASY**\n\n\n**OOC**\n\n\n**RET**\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES**\n\n### **8,571,107**\n\nTotal Population of concern\n\n\n**1,097,773**\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers, other\nof concern & returnees**\n\n\n**782,178**\n\n\n**279,388**\n\n\n**35,996**\n\n\n**211**\n\n\n**7,473,334**\n\nIDPs & IDP returnees\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural Disaster IDPs\n\n**528,466**\n\n**7%**\n\n\nConflict Induced IDPs\n\n**6,419,356**\n\n**86%**\n\n\n\nIDPs RET\n\n**525,512**\n\n**7.0%**\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee. DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Republic of the Congo Date of creation : 31 August 2022 For more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES\n\n102 40 40 22\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nAs of 31 August 2022\n\n\nMAP OF THE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 2 POCs AND MORE *\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Total cross**\n**border**\n**movements**\n\n\n\n**Intra region** **Outward**\n**movemens** **movements from the**\n**region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**55**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInward\nmovements\n\n31%\n\n\nOutward\nmovements\n\n33%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBefore 2019 2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2022 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\nAs of 31 August 2022\n\n\nMAP OF VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n\n12,237\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatrieted since\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**within Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January\n2022\n\n\n\n4,105 7,734\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3,874**\n\n\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**15,149**\n\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation PoCs = Persons of Concern Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES SITUATION**\nAs of 31 August 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR - Note: Some of the countries outside our region do not have disaggragated statistics on refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|RE|FERENCE MAP / UNHCR PRESENCE
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**CAMEROON**

**EQUATORIAL**
**GUINEA**
**KENYA**
Libenge
Betou

Aru
Bunia
Faradje
Yakoma
**Site du 15 Avril**
**Bili**
**Mole**
**Modale**
**Kaka2**
**Boyabu**
**Biringi**
**Meri**
**Inke**
**Bele**
**Mboti**
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**Kinshasa**
**Brazzaville**
**LESOTHO**
**Pretoria**
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**BASSAS**
**DA INDIA (FRA)**
**UNITED**
**REPUBLIC OF**
**TANZANIA**
**BURUNDI**
**DEMOCRATIC**
**REPUBLIC**
**OF THE CONGO**
**REPUBLIC OF**
**THE CONGO**
**GABON**
**SEYCHELLES**
**MOZAMBIQUE**
**BOTSWANA**
**ANGOLA**
**NAMIBIA**
**MALAWI**

**ESWATINI**
**RWANDA**
**SOUTH AFRICA**
**ZAMBIA**
**ZIMBABWE**
_INDIAN OCEAN_
_SOUTH_
_ATLANTIC_
_OCEAN_
**Maseru**
**Moroni**
**COMOROS**
**MAYOTTE (FRA)**
**Antananarivo\u0002MADAGASCA**
Tshikapa
Dundo
Goma
Dukwi
Nampula
Windhoek
Lilongwe
Luanda
Maputo
Lusaka
Harare
Cape Town
Tongogara
Solwezi
Brazzaville
Uvira
Beni
Kawambwa
Kaoma
Kinshasa
Kalemie
Gamboma
Pretoria (RO)
Pretoria (MCO)
Pemba
Kananga
**Meheba**
**Mulongwe**
**Osire**
**Dzaleka**
**Mongemonge RC**
**Malindza**
**Kavimvira TC**
**Tongogara**
**L\u00f3vua**
**Mantapala**
**Mayukwayukwa**
**Maseru**
**Marratane**
**Karonga**
**Lusenda**
**Bouemba**
**Ndendere Bukavu\u0002**
**Sang\u00e9 RC**
**Nkubi**
**Dukwi**
\u00af
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**2**
_ and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._|200km\u00af
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**Harare**
**Lusaka**
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**Luanda**
**Kinshasa**
**Brazzaville**
**LESOTHO**
**Pretoria**
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ettlement
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**BASSAS**
**DA INDIA (FRA)**
**UNITED**
**REPUBLIC OF**
**TANZANIA**
**BURUNDI**
**DEMOCRATIC**
**REPUBLIC**
**OF THE CONGO**
**REPUBLIC OF**
**THE CONGO**
**GABON**
**SEYCHELLES**
**MOZAMBIQUE**
**BOTSWANA**
**ANGOLA**
**NAMIBIA**
**MALAWI**

**ESWATINI**
**RWANDA**
**SOUTH AFRICA**
**ZAMBIA**
**ZIMBABWE**
_INDIAN OCEAN_
_SOUTH_
_ATLANTIC_
_OCEAN_
**Maseru**
**Moroni**
**COMOROS**
**MAYOTTE (FRA)**
**Antananarivo\u0002MADAGASCA**
Tshikapa
Dundo
Goma
Dukwi
Nampula
Windhoek
Lilongwe
Luanda
Maputo
Lusaka
Harare
Cape Town
Tongogara
Solwezi
Brazzaville
Uvira
Beni
Kawambwa
Kaoma
Kinshasa
Kalemie
Gamboma
Pretoria (RO)
Pretoria (MCO)
Pemba
Kananga
**Meheba**
**Mulongwe**
**Osire**
**Dzaleka**
**Mongemonge RC**
**Malindza**
**Kavimvira TC**
**Tongogara**
**L\u00f3vua**
**Mantapala**
**Mayukwayukwa**
**Maseru**
**Marratane**
**Karonga**
**Lusenda**
**Bouemba**
**Ndendere Bukavu\u0002**
**Sang\u00e9 RC**
**Nkubi**
**Dukwi**
\u00af
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**2**
_ and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._|\n\n\n**Printing date:\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2022\ufffd **Sources:\ufffd** UNCS, UNHCR\ufffd **Author:\ufffd** UNHCR - RBSA DIMA Unit\ufffd **Feedback:\ufffd** rsarbdima@unhcr.org\ufffd **Filename:\ufffd** RBSA_Presence_edited\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Persons of concern in Southern Africa, Data as of 31 August 2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; **self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres v4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Strategy to address the Regional Data Gaps\n\n\nReliable data on PoCs is a critical milestone in implementing the Global Compacts on Refugees (GCR), protection\ninterventions, and solutions. To this extent, data issues in the region remain an essential concern and require costeffective investments to ensure that issues related to mixed movements and other protection concerns are capped\nwith appropriate technical solutions to help the region gathers reliable data for informed decision-making and\ncoordination among the partners. To this extent, a registration data quality exercise was carried out from April\nto August to see the changes in connection with the verification exercise completed in Zambia. This analysis is done\nquarterly, and the next round is scheduled when the verification exercises in Malawi and Mozambique are completed.\n\n\nIt is worth mentioning that is progress in data quality compared to the analysis carried out in April 2022, but this effort\nshould continue to enable the region to have quality data that will drive better programming and resource mobilization.\nThe efforts are still required in the data collection on the areas below because indicators are still in the red, as outlined\non the previous page:\n\n\n**Where progress is made compared to April 2022 data**\n\n - PoCs with the information on documentation: regionally, the percentage is 34;\n\n - PoCs with the information on working experience: regionally, the percentage is 29; and\n\n - PoCs with the information on the occupation: regionally, the percentage is 31.\n\n\n**Where efforts are required in the data collection compared to April 2022 data**\n\n - PoC\u2019s language recorded: regionally, the percentage is 16;\n\n - PoC\u2019s training recorded: regionally, the percentage is 0;\n\n - PoC\u2019s phone number recorded: regionally, the percentage is 9; and\n\n - PoCs with effective intention return data collection: regionally, the percentage is 8.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration data quality exercise", - "confidence": 0.7643680572509766, - "start": 88, - "end": 92 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zambia", - "confidence": 0.6578800082206726, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6460910439491272, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6398230195045471, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82f33fa0-d8fb-4537-a127-28ac7ebcc2a1/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Aug_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_58/raw/doc_58_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_58/raw/doc_58_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 11e1877d7eb10073d8b8e8ec81678ad7d006e152..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_58/raw/doc_58_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **INCLUSION DES R\u00c9FUGI\u00c9S DANS LE** **REGISTRE SOCIAL NATIONAL**\n\n_**R\u00e9sultats cl\u00e9s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate socio-\u00e9conomique***_\n\n\n\n*Un rapport complet sur l\u2019enqu\u00eate sera prochainement publi\u00e9\n\n\n\n**D\u00e9cembre 2021**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Introduction\n\n\n - **La** **Mauritanie** **accueille** **depuis** **2012** **des** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **maliens** avec un afflux continu entrainant une\naugmentation du nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au fil des ann\u00e9es\n\n\n - **Un** **ciblage** **a** **\u00e9t\u00e9** **r\u00e9alis\u00e9** **en** **2019** **conjointement** **par** **le** **HCR** **et** **le** **PAM** afin de passer\ngraduellement d\u2019une assistance fond\u00e9e sur le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 **\u00e0 une assistance bas\u00e9e sur les besoins**\n\n\n - **Le** **Gouvernement** **mauritanien** a sollicit\u00e9 l\u2019appui du **HCR** **et** **du** **PAM** pour **mettre** **\u00e0** **jour** **le** **ciblage** **pour**\n**l'inclusion** **des** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **les** **plus** **vuln\u00e9rables** **dans** **le** **programme** **national** **de** **protection** **sociale**\n**Tekavoul, financ\u00e9 par la Banque Mondiale**\n\n\n - **Le** **Registre** **Social** **Mauritanien,** **avec** **l'appui** **du** **HCR** **et** **du** **PAM,** **a** **r\u00e9alis\u00e9** **un** **recensement** **socio-**\n**\u00e9conomique** pour r\u00e9viser le ciblage et identifier les m\u00e9nages les plus vuln\u00e9rables\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9valuation\n\n**OBJECTIFS**\n\n\n - Collecter des donn\u00e9es socio-\u00e9conomiques\naupr\u00e8s de **tous** **les** **m\u00e9nages** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **de**\n**Bassikounou** pour **comprendre** **leurs**\n**besoins** au niveau des m\u00e9nages\n\n\n - Cat\u00e9goriser les m\u00e9nages r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s selon\nleur **degr\u00e9** **de** **vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9** pour informer\nles **d\u00e9cisions** **programmatiques** et **les**\n**approches conjointes de ciblage**\n\n\n - Inclure **tous** **les** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** dans le **Registre**\n**Social national**\n\n\n - Identifier et inclure les **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **les** **plus**\n**vuln\u00e9rables** dans le **programme** **de**\n**protection sociale Tekavoul**\n\n\n\n**M\u00c9THODOLOGIE DE COLLECTE DES**\n**DONN\u00c9ES**\n\n\n**Type d\u2019enqu\u00eate:** recensement, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 du 27\navril au 16 juin 2021\n\n\n**Mode de collecte des donn\u00e9es** : Interviews\nface-\u00e0-face avec application mobile (CAPI)\n\n\n**Mesure de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9:** approche\nmultidimensionnelle combinant **\u00e9ducation**\n**scolaire, sant\u00e9, d\u00e9pendance, capacit\u00e9 de**\n**travail et consommation alimentaire**\n\n\n**Institution leader** : REGISTRE SOCIAL, avec\nl\u2019appui du HCR, PAM \u00e0 travers le Programme\nExcellence and Targeting Hub HCR-PAM\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### R\u00e9gion de l\u2019enqu\u00eate\n\n**Couverture g\u00e9ographique:** Camp\n**14 012 m\u00e9nages r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** enqu\u00eat\u00e9s\nMbera (98.5%), Bassikounou (0.4%), El\nMegve (1.1%)\n\n\n\nHors du camp jamais enregistr\u00e9\n\ndans le camp\n\n\nHors du camp, mais enregistr\u00e9\n\ndans le camp\n\n\nDans le camp\n\n\n\n13302\n\n\n0 4000 8000 12000\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Caract\u00e9ristiques d\u00e9mographiques des m\u00e9nages\n\n\n## **55%**\n\nde la population\nsont des\n**femmes**\n\n## **59%**\n\nde la\npopulation est\ncompos\u00e9e\n**d\u2019enfants de**\n**0-17 ans**\n\n\n## **56%**\n\ndes **chefs de m\u00e9nages sont des**\n**femmes,** avec une forte\nproportion de **chefs de m\u00e9nages**\n**non-mari\u00e9es**\n\n\nLa **taille moyenne des m\u00e9nages**\nest inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0\n## **5 personnes**\n\n\n## **12%**\n\ndes m\u00e9nages ont un membre\navec un **handicap ou une**\n**maladie chronique s\u00e9v\u00e8re**\n\n## **69%**\n\n**des chefs de m\u00e9nages n'ont**\n**aucun niveau d'\u00e9ducation**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Logements\n\n**Type de logment poss\u00e9d\u00e9 par les m\u00e9nages**\n\n\n\nM\u2019bar\n\n\nCase/hutte\n\n\nBaraque\n\n\nTente\n\n\n_UNHCR 2021_\n\n\n\n80.4%\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n### **80%**\n\nDes m\u00e9nages habitent dans des **logements m\u2019bar**\nfournis par le HCR et construits avec du mat\u00e9riel en\nplastique et avec une **toiture faite en tissu**\n\n\nLes baraques construites en bois et zinc se\nretrouvent en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique urbaine\n\n\n**Mat\u00e9riau de la toiture des logements**\n\n\n\nTissu\n\n\nBois\n\n\nPaille\n\n\nZinc\n\n\nAutre\n\n\n\n\n\n80.4%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Eau & \u00e9nergie\n\n# **98%**\n\ndes m\u00e9nages\nont **acc\u00e8s \u00e0**\n**l'eau potable**\n\n\n\nLa plupart des\nm\u00e9nages utilise **le**\n**charbon (50%) ou le**\n**bois (48%) pour la**\n**cuisson**\n\n\n\n**Source d'\u00e9nergie utilis\u00e9e pour la cuisine**\n\n\n\nCharbon de bois\n\n\nBois\n\n\nGaz\n\n\nAutre\n\n\nElectricit\u00e9\n\n\n\n\n\n49.5%\n\n\n48.0%\n\n\n\ndes m\u00e9nages **utilisent des**\n## **89%**\n\n**toilettes publiques, partag\u00e9es**\n\n\n**Type de toilette utilis\u00e9e**\n\n2.4%\n\n\n## **91%**\n\ndes m\u00e9nages\n**utilisent une**\n**torche pour**\n**\u00e9clairage**\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n**Source d'\u00e9nergie utilis\u00e9e pour l'\u00e9clairage**\n\n\n\nTorche\n\n\nEnergie solaire/\u00e9olienne\n\n\nBougies\n\n\nAutre\n\n\n\n\n\n91.3%\n\n\n\n\n\nToilette priv\u00e9e\n\n\nToilette publique,\npartag\u00e9e\nPas de toilette\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Possession de biens durables\n\n\n\n**Possession de b\u00e9tails**\n\n\n\n**Possession de biens durables**\n\n\nBasics (T\u00e9l\u00e9, t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable,\n\nlit/matelas)\n\n\n\n18.0%\n\n\n\n38.7%\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\nProductif (machine \u00e0 laver, charrette,\n\nbrouette)\n\n\nluxe (cuisini\u00e8re moderne, antenne\nparabolique, r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateur, climatiseur,\n\nordinateur)\n\n\nMobilit\u00e9 (moto, voiture)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%\n\n\n\nMoutons et ch\u00e8vres Anes et chevaux Volailles Bovins et camelins\n\n\n\n**La connexion internet demeure**\n**limit\u00e9e au sein de la population**\n\n**des m\u00e9nages** **des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n\n**des m\u00e9nages ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0**\n\n**poss\u00e8dent un**\n\n**des m\u00e9nages ont** **une terre agricole**\n\n\n\n**La connexion internet demeure**\n**limit\u00e9e au sein de la population**\n**des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n\n\n## **0.1%**\n\n\n\n**des m\u00e9nages** **des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n**poss\u00e8dent un**\n**t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable**\n## **0.8%**\n\n\n\n**des m\u00e9nages ont**\n**acc\u00e8s \u00e0 internet**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\n\n**Niveau de consommation alimentaire (score)**\n\n\n70%\n\n\n\n62%\n\n\n\n63%\n\n\n\n60%\n\n\n50%\n\n\n40%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## **81%**\n\nDes m\u00e9nages ont report\u00e9 une\n**consommation alimentaire**\n**inad\u00e9quate (pauvre ou limit\u00e9e)**\n\n\nLa consommation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n**hors camp** est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement\nmeilleure que celle des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nvivant au **camp**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPauvre Limite Acceptable\n\n\nEnsemble Camp Hors camp\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Education\n\n_UNHCR 2018_\n\n\n# **36%**\n\ndes enfants **7-12 ans**\n**fr\u00e9quentent le cycle**\n**primaire**\n\n\n# **8%**\n\ndes enfants **13-18**\n**ans** fr\u00e9quentent **le**\n\n**cycle secondaire**\n\n\n\n_UNHCR 2018_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|35.1%|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|36.8%|36.8%|\n\n\n|5.8%|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|9.9%|9.9%|\n\n\n\nUn taux l\u00e9g\u00e8rement **plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 chez les**\nEnviron 4% plus de **gar\u00e7ons** que de **filles**\n**gar\u00e7ons (37%)** que chez **les filles (35%)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Occupation\n\n**Occupation de la population de 18-59 ans au**\n\n**cours des 7 derniers jours**\n\n\n\nAutre inactif\n\n\nHandicap\u00e9\n\n\nRetrait\u00e9\n\n\nFemme/homme au foyer\n\n\nEl\u00e8ve/\u00e9tudiant\n\n\nInoccup\u00e9\n\n\nOccup\u00e9 (a travaill\u00e9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n32.3%\n\n\n\n41.3%\n\n\n\n**Branches d'activit\u00e9s**\n\n\nElevage\n\n\nServices divers\n\n\nActivit\u00e9s artisanales, commerce/vente\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%\n## **12.2%**\n\n**des 18-59 ans employ\u00e9s au cours des 7 derniers**\n**jours, avec comme principales branches d\u2019activit\u00e9**\n**l\u2019\u00e9levage (32%), l\u2019artisanat, le commerce vente**\n**(19%) et les services (19%)**\n\n\n\nAutres\n\n\nProfessionnel, technique (administration,\n\ncommunication, \u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9)\n\n\nB\u00e2timent et travaux publics\n\n\nTransport, mines et extraction\n\n\nAgriculture et p\u00eache\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Perception de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\n\ndes m\u00e9nages auto-d\u00e9clarent **avoir** **une**\n**tr\u00e8s faible** **capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs**\n## **47%**\n**besoins essentiels**\n\n\n\n**Perception des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur la prise en compte de leur**\n**point de vue** **dans la communaut\u00e9**\n### **28%**\n\ndes m\u00e9nages **pensent que leurs points de vue sont toujours**\n**transmis par leurs leaders**\n\n\n\n\n\n27.5%\n\n\nRarement Souvent Jamais Toujours Ne sais pas\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nForte capacite (peut satisfaire\nau moins la moiti\u00e9 des\nbesoins)\nFaible capacite (peut satisfaire\nune petite partie des besoins)\n\n\nTr\u00e8s faible capacite (ne peut\nsatisfaire aucun besoin)\n\n\n## **92%**\n\ndes m\u00e9nages **ont affirm\u00e9 se sentir int\u00e9gr\u00e9s**\n**dans la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te mauritanienne**\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### D\u00e9finition de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\n\nLa vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est identifi\u00e9e comme une **combinaison de plusieurs dimensions socio-**\n**\u00e9conomiques**, captur\u00e9es dans la base de donn\u00e9es SR pour chaque m\u00e9nage et valid\u00e9es avec des\nconsultations communautaires avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nChaque m\u00e9nage a son propre niveau de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 bas\u00e9 sur 5 dimensions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_d\u2019\u00e9ducation_\n\n\n- _Scolarisation_\n\n\n_des enfants_\n\n\n\n_d\u2019enfants,_\n\n\n_personnes_\n\n\n_\u00e2g\u00e9es,_\n\n\n_handicap\u00e9s et_\n\n\n_malades, vs._\n\n\n_nombre_\n\n\n_d\u2019adultes_\n\n\n_actifs_\n\n\n\n**Sp\u00e9cifiques**\n\n\n- _Pr\u00e9sence d'_\n\n\n_handicaps ou_\n\n\n_de maladies_\n\n\n_chroniques_\n\n\n\n\n- _Participation_\n\n\n_au travail_\n\n\n- _Diff\u00e9rences_\n\n\n_entre les_\n\n\n_sexes_\n\n\n\n\n- _Consommation_\n\n\n_alimentaire_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Cat\u00e9gories de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et assistance\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cat\u00e9gorie de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9
(apr\u00e8s r\u00e9clamations)|# M\u00e9nages|Type d\u2019assistance|\n|---|---|---|\n|Extr\u00eamement vuln\u00e9rables|7409
**_53%_**|\u2022
Assistance alimentaire du PAM
\u2022
Cash + in-kind \u2013 500 MRU fournis par Tekavoul
\u2022
Couverture compl\u00e8te des besoins alimentaires|\n|Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment vuln\u00e9rables|6039
**_43%_**|\u2022
Seulement cash
\u2022
Couverture partielle des besoins alimentaires|\n|Moins vuln\u00e9rables|564
**_4%_**|\u2022
Pas d\u2019assistance alimentaire du PAM
\u2022
Appui \u00e0 la participation aux activit\u00e9s livelihoods (_cash for livelihood_ et
d\u2019autres programmes)|\n|Total|14,012||\n\n\nNote: D\u2019autres types d\u2019assistance compl\u00e9mentaires (27) seront fournies au d\u00e9but de l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation des\ncat\u00e9gories de ciblage (e.g. assistance livelihoods) ou resteront inchang\u00e9es (e.g. assistance du HCR aux PBS,\nassistance du PAM pour la pr\u00e9vention de la malnutrition, etc.).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Conclusions\n\n\n - **De l\u2019urgence au ciblage de la pauvret\u00e9:** HCR-WFP ont achev\u00e9 la transition d\u2019une assistance\nd\u2019urgence vers une assistance bas\u00e9e sur la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9 ; le pourcentage de m\u00e9nages\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une assistance compl\u00e8te a diminu\u00e9 de 79% (2019) \u00e0 53% (2021) m\u00eame si le\npourcentage des m\u00e9nages encore assist\u00e9s (c'est-\u00e0-dire hautement et mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment vuln\u00e9rables)\nrepr\u00e9sente toujours 96% de la population\n\n\n - **Inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les programmes nationaux:** Les m\u00e9nages du groupe 1\n(7,400 m\u00e9nages, ou plus de la moiti\u00e9 de la population) seront inclus dans Tekavoul pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier\nde l\u2019assistance du Gouvernement\n\n\n - **Plusieurs exploitations des donn\u00e9es:** Les r\u00e9sultats de cette enqu\u00eate seront utilis\u00e9s pour la\nprogrammation, le plaidoyer, et constitueront une situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour le suivi & \u00e9valuation\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Prochaines \u00e9tapes\n\n\n - **D\u00e9veloppement continu et monitoring de la m\u00e9thodologie de ciblage:** d\u00e9velopper l\u2019approche de\nciblage pour d\u00e9terminer la mise \u00e0 jour des donn\u00e9es sur la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, proc\u00e9dures pour les\nnouveaux arrivants, partenariats, r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s, monitoring, etc.\n\n\n - **Etudes comparatives:** Conception et mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019\u00e9tudes comparatives entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\npopulations h\u00f4tes en termes de conditions de vie\n\n\n - **Suivi & \u00e9valuation programmation, politique plaidoyer:** l\u2019enqu\u00eate sera r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e \u00e0 des fr\u00e9quences\nqui restent \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer, pour le suivi dans le temps des changements dans le bien-\u00eatre des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net permettre des comparaisons avec les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes.\n\n\n - **Extension aux milieux urbains:** Le Registre Social conduit une enqu\u00eate en milieu urbain pour cibler\nles m\u00e9nages les plus vuln\u00e9rables (y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour les inclure dans Tekavoul\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fda68d3-f2e8-35a5-a3a7-412db724baba/220113%20-%20Registre%20Social%20PPT-FR%20vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_580/raw/doc_580_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_580/raw/doc_580_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2ddafee043017f972a90d1c50d10447c3b08856b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_580/raw/doc_580_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**May 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 May 2023\n\n\nOverview\n\nAt the end of May 2023, Southern Africa hosts around **8.3 million people that UNHCR has the mandate**\n**and responsibility to protect and assist** . This includes 778,200 refugees, 198,500 asylum-seekers, 29,600\nothers of concern, [ 1] 6.9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) induced by conflicts, as well as returned\nrefugees of more than 600 and 359,700 returned IDPs. In addition, 1.2 million IDPs are induced by climate\nchange and disaster.The decrease by 4 per cent from the previous month is mainly caused by the updated\nIDP figure in Mozambique. **The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) hosts 83 per cent of the population**\n**in the region** .\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\nThere are **1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern** hosted in the region. From the above\nmentioned figure, 75 per cent originate from countries outside Southern Africa region. [2] The top five\ncountries of origin are: Central African Republic (242,000), Rwanda (237,900), Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (216,300), Burundi (84,300) and South Sudan (56,900).\n\nInternally Displaced\nPersons (IDPs)\n\nIn the Southern Africa region,\n**86 per cent of the internally**\n**displacements is caused by**\n**conflicts** . Around 359,700\nindividuals returned from\ninternal displacement in DRC\nand Mozambique. IDPs induced\nby conflicts are reported in\nDRC, Congo and Mozambique,\nand IDPs induced by disaster\nare reported in DRC, Malawi,\nMozambique and Zimbabwe.\n\nSummary of Previous\nAnalyses\nThe monthly report has started\nsince March 2022. This part of\nthe report, last paragraph of this\npage, has been covering\ndifferent topics since April Table 1. Number of IDPs as of 31 May 2023\n2022, aiming to present different topics. In the last 12 reports, the topics have been various in specific\nprotection needs, durable solutions, education, mixed movements, statlessness and birth registration,\npopulation planning, data availability of demographics and assistance provided by UNHCR. Some topics\nhave been covered several times. Specific protection needs, for example, were presented three times, and\ndurable solutions, education and mixed movements were presented twice. They are the topics of available\ndata each month. Population planning and assistance numbers by UNHCR in the region were also analysed\nwith the annual data at the end and the start of the year.\n\nData Sources: proGres (PRIMES), government, OCHA and IOM DTM.\n\n\n1 Others of concern refer to those who are linked to (but not classified as) refugees and asylum-seekers, and who need assistance by UNHCR.\nIn most cases in Southern Africa, they are family members, i.e., spouse or children, of refugees or asylum-seekers.\n2 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola, Botswana,\nComoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia and\nZimbabwe.\n\n\nUNHCR/May 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly report", - "confidence": 0.9748261570930481, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7950139045715332, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.543270468711853, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5847740173339844, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5563820600509644, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population planning and assistance numbers", - "confidence": 0.7720065712928772, - "start": 470, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9370169639587402, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.5022480487823486, - "start": 544, - "end": 546 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9407576322555542, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7520003318786621, - "start": 529, - "end": 532 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "annual data", - "confidence": 0.6577968001365662, - "start": 485, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.816353440284729, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.529669463634491, - "start": 544, - "end": 546 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8217023611068726, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.512731671333313, - "start": 529, - "end": 532 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 31 May 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n**520,602** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,731** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**42,159** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (204,755), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 31 May 2023\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As of 31 May 2023\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES***\n\n\nAs of 31 May 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF = Refugee ASY = Asylum seeker Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 31 May 2023***\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; the numbers in Nzakara, Wenze and Sidi in DRC are as of 30 April 2023; ***self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as their names and locations,\nand their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Summary of Topics Covered in the Previous Reports\n\nSince March 2022, Population Data Analysis of RBSA has presented regional overview, strategies and issues\nrelevant to the data of forcibly displaced and stateless persons. The topic covered most of the times is the\nregional data gaps, presented six times in the first six report from March to August 2022. The topics have\nbeen diversified to the harmonization process of the regional protection monitoring, interoperability project in\nMozambique, digitalisation of services to forcibly displaced and stateless persons, socioeconomic data in\nZambia, registration data quality, and surveys and assessmsents of the region. In December 2022 and January\n2023, data overview and outlook were also presented, respectively. This page will be used as usual to address\nthe issues and to share progress made by Data, Identity Management and Analysis Unit in the upcoming\nreports.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bd06c2da-bd78-45e3-9ab3-e8e7baca6824/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_May_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_581/raw/doc_581_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_581/raw/doc_581_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7cb3d3e9deeb0d3f334a8a654300581152743665..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_581/raw/doc_581_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,430 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**September 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis \u2013 September 2022\n\n\nOverview\n\n\nAs of the end of September 2022, Southern Africa hosts around **8.6 million persons of concern (PoCs) to UNHCR** .\nThis includes 1.1 million refugees and asylum-seekers and 6.9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), as well as\nothers of concern, refugee returnees and IDP returnees. **The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) represents 77**\n**per cent of the regional data.**\n\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of concern\n\n\nThe region hosts **785,000 refugees, 278,000**\n**asylum-seekers** **and** **36,000** **others** **of**\n**concern** . Among those 1.1 million PoCs, 74 per\ncent of them are from the countries outside of\nthe Southern Africa region. [1] The top five\ncountries of origin are Central African Republic\n(243,000), Rwanda (242,000), DRC (228,000),\nBurundi (84,000) and Ethiopia (61,000).\n\n\nInternally Displaced Persons\n(IDPs)\n\n\n\nIn Southern Africa, there are **6.9 million**\n**internally displaced persons (IDPs)** . Most of\nthem are conflict-induced, 6.4 million, but there\nare also natural disaster-induced IDPs, 0.5\nmillion. The data on IDPs are reported in DRC,\nCongo, Mozambique and Zimbabwe (see\nFigure 1).\n\n\nDurable Solutions\n\n\n\nFigure 1. Number of IDPs in RBSA by Cause as of 30 September 2022\n\n\n\nIn 2022, 15,402 persons have been repatriated voluntarily thus far, with 2,805 persons repatriated in September.\nThe largest group of returns was from Zambia to the DRC, with 2,159 persons repatriated in September. Further,\nthere has been notable movements from Angola to the DRC in September, where, 47 families of 143 persons were\nrepatriated to destinations in the DRC such as Kassai Province, Kinshassa, Kwilu Province and Goma.\n\n\nFrom January to September 2022, 4,497 individuals of 1,063 cases were submitted for resettlement consideration.\nAmong these cases, half were male and the other half were female with 57 per cent being children under age 18.\n\n\nIn the same period, 2,067 individuals departed for resettlement. A half of the departed cases were male and another\nhalf were female, similarly to submitted cases. Most persons have been considered for resettlement to the United\nStates (3,417). The highest number of those departed also headed to the United States (1,285). In terms of country of\nasylums, the highest number of submitted applications were from Malawi (1,438) and Zambia (1,367). Congolese\n(DRC) is the nationality with the highest number of submissions (3,618) and departures (1,729).\n\n\nData Sources: proGres v4 (PRIMES) hosts the data of refugees and asylum-seekers in 11 countries. In South Africa, the data are managed by the\ngovernment. In Angola, DRC, Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portions of the data are external. For IDP data, the source of DRC\u2019s IDP figure is the OCHA;\nthe sources in Mozambique and Zimbabwe are the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the IOM; and the source in the Republic of Congo is the\ngovernment, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n1 The Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola,\nBotswana, Comoros, Congo, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia\nand Zimbabwe.\n\n\nUNHCR / September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.7983458042144775, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.805088460445404, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7092199921607971, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6265824437141418, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8367229700088501, - "start": 277, - "end": 280 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7525901198387146, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5043920874595642, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.8589320778846741, - "start": 221, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data of refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6840706467628479, - "start": 574, - "end": 579 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "11 countries", - "confidence": 0.5195696949958801, - "start": 580, - "end": 582 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8766793608665466, - "start": 576, - "end": 579 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.7871477603912354, - "start": 636, - "end": 639 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.6118686199188232, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.7391695976257324, - "start": 644, - "end": 645 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6134977340698242, - "start": 727, - "end": 728 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n30 September 2022\n\n\n**PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION***\n\n\n**521,512** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n**41,283** **REF**\n\n\n**13,762** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,291** **ASY**\n\n\n**5,526,022** **IDP**\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF**\n\n\n**ASY**\n\n\n**OOC**\n\n\n**RET**\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES**\n\n## **8,572,919**\n\nTotal Population of concern\n\n###### **1,099,585**\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers, other\nof concern & returnees**\n\n\n**785,119**\n\n\n**278,090**\n\n\n**36,165**\n\n\n**211**\n\n###### **7,473,334**\n\n\nConflict induced and Natural Disaster IDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural Disaster IDPs\n\n**528,466**\n\n**7%**\n\n\n**6,419,356**\n\n**86%**\n\n\n\nIDPs RET\n\n**525,512**\n\n**7.0%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, IOM, OCHA, UNHCR\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee. DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Republic of the Congo Date of creation : 30 September\n2022\n\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES\n\n200 61 118 21\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nAs of 30 September 2022\n\n\nMAP OF THE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 3 POCs AND MORE *\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n\n**into the region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Total cross**\n\n**border**\n**movements**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movemens**\n\n\n\n**Outward**\n**movements from the**\n\n**region**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInward\n\n\n31%\n\n\nOutward\nmovements\n\n34%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBefore 2019 2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\nexclusion.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2022 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\nAs of 30 September 2022\n\n\nMAP OF VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n\n15,042\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatrieted since\n\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n**within Southern Africa**\n\n**Region** since January\n\n2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6,786 8,256\n\n\n\n\n\nIndividuals repatrieted\n\n**from Southern Africa**\n**Region** to other countries\noutside of the region since\n\nJanuary 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 5 POCs OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3,874**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nANNUAL REPATRIATION SINCE 2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation PoCs = Persons of Concern Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MAP OF VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION", - "confidence": 0.6677637100219727, - "start": 21, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DIMA/RBSA", - "confidence": 0.7342756986618042, - "start": 133, - "end": 136 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.879639208316803, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9850143790245056, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8430013060569763, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES SITUATION**\n\nAs of 3 0 September 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n\n1,063 4,497\n\n**Cases** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Active Cases**\n\n986 4,219\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Member by**\n**Country of Submission**\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nAs of 30 September 2022\n\n\nMOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS\n\n\n**Country of Origin** **Country of Submission** **Country of Resettlement**\n\n\nMAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases**\n\n337 2,067\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Quota**\n\n6,483 69%\n\n**Allotcated Quota** **% of Submission vs Quota**\n\n**Balance (Quota/Submission) :** 1,986\n\n\n**Departure Cases by Age and Gender**\n\n\n\n**ZAM**\n\n\n**MLW**\n\n\n**RSA**\n\n\n**ZIM**\n\n\n**MOZ**\n\n\n**ANG**\n\n\n**BOT**\n\n\n**NAM**\n\n\n**COB**\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n\n\n\n**USA**\n\n\n**SWE**\n\n\n**NZL**\n\n\n**FIN**\n\n\n**NOR**\n\n\n**CAN**\n\n\n**AUL**\n\n\n**FRA**\n\n\n\n**493**\n\n\n**303**\n\n\n**205**\n\n\n**28**\n\n\n**27**\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n0%\n\n\n\n0-4\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n18-59\n\n\n60+\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n**MLW**\n\n\n**ZAM**\n\n\n\n**3,417**\n\n\n**1,438**\n\n\n**1,367**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,247**\n**464**\n**169**\n**122**\n**16**\n**15**\n**14**\n**12**\n**2**\n**2**\n\n\n\n\n\n**RSA**\n\n\n**ZIM**\n\n\n**NAM**\n\n\n**BOT**\n\n\n**MOZ**\n\n\n**MAD**\n\n\n\n**519**\n\n\n**487**\n\n\n**355**\n\n\n**157**\n\n\n**96**\n\n\n**36**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhc\n\n\n\n**1,729**\n**154**\n**57**\n**53**\n**34**\n**13**\n**12**\n**4**\n**3**\n**2**\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**SOM**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n**TUR**\n\n\n**ZAM**\n\n\n**ETH**\n\n\n**UGA**\n\n\n**ANG**\n\n\n**AFG**\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**SOM**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n**ETH**\n\n\n**PAK**\n\n\n**TUR**\n\n\n**CAR**\n\n\n**BOT**\n\n\n**ERT**\n\n\n\n**3,619**\n**263**\n**235**\n**220**\n**40**\n**36**\n**19**\n**14**\n**8**\n**8**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU OF SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\nPROTECTION MONITORING DASHBOARD ON INCIDENTS IN DRC AND MOZAMBIQUE\n\nAs of 30 September 2022\n\nMAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF REPORTED PROTECTION INCIDENTS PER\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProvince in Mozambique\n\n(MOZ) covered by\nprotection monitoring\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|KEY FIGURES
DRC MOZ
\u00af760Kilometers Number of incidents * Number of victims Number of provinces covered
by Protection Monitoring
4,573 2,930 10,358 101,869 7 1
7,503 112,227 8
Top 4 incident perpetrators in
Victims by Age and Gender Top 5 protection incidents
Mozambique (%)
47% 53%
Armed Groups 89% 53,142 59,085 Homicide 30%
Assault and battery 29%
Unknown 7.8% 16,326 60+ 13,331
15,573 18-59 17,460 Extortion of property 16%
Other(s) 2.7% 9,927 12-17 8,134 Destruction of
13%
properties
6,497 5-11 7,704
Host Community 0.5% Looting 12%
4,819 0-4 12,456
Top 4 incident perpetrators in **
Victims by Population group top 5 Provinces affected with protection
Democratic Republic of Congo (%)
incidents
Host Community 52% Cabo Delgado 1,837
Ituri 1,540
Other(s) 44% 99.88%
Kasai Central 1,438
Unknown 2%
Tanganyika 624
0.11% 0.01%
Armed Groups 2% IDP Refugee Asylum seeker Kasai 529
* Number of incidents covered only for those reported in the month of September 2022. The timing of incident occurrence could be September 2022 or before.
* *Protection monitoring in Mozambique is done only for IDPs while in DRC it is done for both IDPs and Refugees.|Distr
B|\n|---|---|\n|Victims by Population group
7
8
1
**KEY FIGURES**
Top 4 incident perpetrators in
Democratic Republic of Congo (%)
Top 4 incident perpetrators in
Mozambique (%)
Victims by Age and Gender
0.5%
2.7%
7.8%
89%
Host Community
Other(s)
Unknown
Armed Groups
2%
2%
44%
52%
Armed Groups
Unknown
Other(s)
Host Community
Top 5 protection incidents
529
624
1,438
1,540
1,837
Kasai
Tanganyika
Kasai Central
Ituri
Cabo Delgado
top 5 Provinces affected with protection
incidents
12%
13%
16%
29%
30%
Looting
Destruction of
properties
Extortion of property
Assault and battery
Homicide
Number of victims
101,869
112,227
2,930
7,503
4,573
Number of provinces covered
by Protection Monitoring
DRC
MOZ
760
**Kil**ometers
\u00af
4,819
6,497
9,927
15,573
16,326
12,456
7,704
8,134
17,460
13,331
53,14**2**
47**%**
~~**59**~~,~~**085**~~
53%
0-4
5-11
12-17
18-59
60+
10,358
**
* *Protection monitoring in Mozambique is done only for IDPs while in DRC it is done for both IDPs and Refugees.
*
* Number of incidents covered only for those reported in the month of September 2022. The timing of incident occurrence could be September 2022 or before.
99.88%
0.11%
0.01%
IDP
Refugee
Asylum seeker
Number of incidents|Provinc
Repu
50 km|\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Persons of concern in Southern Africa, Data as of 30 September 2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; **self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres v4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional protection monitoring harmonization outcomes\n\n\nIn line with the outcomes of the Regional IDP Stocktaking held on 25 February 2022, the Regional Bureau for\nSouthern Africa undertook an ambitious project to harmonize the protection monitoring activities conducted in the\nregion. The envisioned regional harmonization aims to enable an environment that increases persons we serve\nempowerment, inclusion, and protection while strengthening accountability and efficiency in humanitarian and\ndevelopment programs. The regional protection monitoring harmonization focuses to:\n\n\n\u00a7 **Set common definitions of the incident, minimum standards, and objectives of the protection**\n**monitoring.**\n\u00a7 **Standardize questionnaires to collect data but be flexible enough for field operations to add and amend**\n**questions depending on the context and needs.**\n\u00a7 **Develop reporting/product templates with a standard design and branding for UNHCR.**\n\u00a7 **Develop a narrative to explain externally why and how UNHCR does protection monitoring and identify**\n**common indicators for regional reporting.**\n\nThe regional protection monitoring harmonization established a regional incident typology framework to efficiently\nanalyze the regional protection monitoring data. To this extent, 7,503 protection incidents with 106,673 victims were\nreported in September 2022 in both countries, which affected 10 provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo\n(DRC) and 1 province in Mozambique. It is worth mentioning that of the protection incidents reported in September\n2022, some occurred in the same month, and some occurred before September 2022.\n\nThe top 5 protection incidents reported in the region are homicide (30 per cent), assault and battery (29 percent),\nextortion of property (16 per cent), destruction of properties (13 per cent), and looting (12 per cent). Also, those\nprotection incidents affected 99.88 percent of Internally displaced persons (IDPs), 0.11 percent of refugees, and 0.01\nper cent of asylum-seekers. The protection incidents affected more males (53 per cent) than females (47 per cent),\nand the protection incidents affected the age group (0 to 17), children, who represent 44 percent of all victims\nreported in September 2022. In addition, the perpetrators of those protection incidents are armed groups (46 per\ncent), host communities (26 per cent), others (23 per cent), and unknown (5 per cent). It is worth mentioning that 1.3\npercent of the regional population, compared to September 2022 regional data, was affected by the protection\nincidents reported in September 2022.\n\nIn conclusion, the protection incidents evidenced in the analysis partially overview the situation in both countries\nwhere the data were collected. The number of protection incidents and victims is higher than what is represented\nin this report for September 2022. In DRC, the new protection monitoring platform still needs to be fully deployed\ncountrywide, and efforts are underway to have data that will reflect the real situation. In Mozambique, the data\nreported in this report concerns only one province, Cabo Delgado, where the protection monitoring is implemented.\nEfforts are also underway to have functioning protection monitoring in the rest of the affected provinces.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaires", - "confidence": 0.9080859422683716, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.5661634802818298, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9873835444450378, - "start": 204, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6434816122055054, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Democratic Republic of Congo", - "confidence": 0.6846297383308411, - "start": 238, - "end": 242 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.837973415851593, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7331464886665344, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.8061245083808899, - "start": 341, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection incidents", - "confidence": 0.6421566009521484, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8399195075035095, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8040738105773926, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "regional population", - "confidence": 0.8499964475631714, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional data", - "confidence": 0.7030133605003357, - "start": 470, - "end": 472 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6333140134811401, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "September 2022", - "confidence": 0.7640675902366638, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "regional population", - "confidence": 0.7883002758026123, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76c54ead-672f-400d-b632-ba0f5bea6a60/RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis_Sep_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_582/raw/doc_582_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_582/raw/doc_582_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a3f92df79f2ea18d22af7cf0b7b730376cc23dec..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_582/raw/doc_582_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,248 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau for** **Southern Africa**\n\n**April** **2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis - April 2022\n\n\n**Overview**\nAs of the end of April 2022, Southern Africa hosts\n\naround **7.8 million persons of concern (PoCs) to**\n\nUNHCR. This includes 1.1 million refugees and\n\nasylum-seekers, 6.7 million internally displaced\n\npersons (IDPs), as well as others of concern and\n\nrefugee returnees. The number increased from\n\nMarch 2022 by 1 per cent mainly due to the updated\n\nnumber of IDPs in Mozambique. **The** **DRC**\n\n**represents 78 per cent** of the regional data.\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n\n\n**Rwanda**\n\n\n**CAR**\n\n\n**Burundi**\n\n\n**Ethiopia**\n\n\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n\n\n\n**Refugees, Asylum-Seekers and**\n**Others of concern**\n\n\n\n**South Sudan**\n\n\n\n**South Africa**\n30,327\n\n\n42,687\n\n**Zambia**\n\n\n**Angola**\n\n\n\nThe region hosts **801,000 refugees, 285,000** **Congo**\n\n\n\n**asylum-seekers and 37,000 others of concern.**\n\nThe biggest inflows are from Rwanda and the\n\nCentral African Republic into DRC. DRC is also a\n\nmajor source of refugees and asylum-seekers\n\n\n\n**Somalla**\n\n\n\n**Bangladesh** **Malawi**\n_Figure 1. Flows of Refugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of_\n_Concern from Top 8 Countries of Origin_\n\nNote: The fiows shown in this figure are restricted to only the largest 8 countries of\norigin and more than 20,000 people.\n\n\n\nflowing into Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Congo, Angola and other countries. Most major countries of origin are in\n\nAfrica, but Bangladeshis have also requested asylum in South Africa (see Figure 1).\n\n\nAmong refugees and asylum-seekers, the male represents 53 per cent and the female 42 per cent. Children under\n\nage 18 take up to 42 per cent, and the working age group from 18 to 59 years old is 51 per cent. Unknown group of\n\ndemographic information is 5 per cent; most of them are self-settled in Angola and Mozambican asylum-seekers in\n\nZimbabwe.\n\n\n**Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)**\nIn Southern Africa, there are 6.7 million internally displaced\n\n\n\npersons (I DPs). Most of them are conflict-induced, 6.3 million,\n\nbut there are also natural disaster-induced IDPs, 0.4 million.\n\nThe data oflDPs are reported in DRC, Congo, Mozambique and\n\nZimbabwe (see Figure 2).\n\n\n**Specific Protection Needs**\nAmong the PoCs requiring specific needs, more than two third\n\nare women, showing that women are in more vulnerable\n\nsituation than men in general. Regarding the categories of\n\nspecific protection needs, women at risk rank the first, followed\n\nby serious medical conditions and single parents. Women at\n\nrisk account for 10 per cent among the female aged 18 years\n\nold or older, and they are 2 per cent of all refugees, asylum\u00ad\n\nseekers and others of concerns; serious medical conditions\n\nand single parents account each for 1 per cent of the\n\npopulation.\n\n\n\n**UUJO** **c.,,ll** **MCI** **ICh**\n**JMDO** **NMunlDIIMi.tlOf'I**\n\n\n\n\n - **.** .\n\n**111.ao**\n\n\n....\n\n\n### - 4UH \u00b7\n\n\n\n**UOJ-\"'O** **CO!lllk1** **l0Pw**\n**101.llO** **Natur** **lDitNI .. IDf'I**\n\n\n**900,9'9**\n\n\n\n**\u00a3-11** **KIY,1ou\u2022\u2022**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n**\ufffd-+** **fot!1**\n\n\n\n**1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdtl'l(>fn Afflc\u2022**\n\n\n\n?{\u2794 \ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdo\ufffd! **IDP\\**\n\n\n\n?(-+ **\ufffd-'!ir\ufffd\ufffd!?stetl\ufffd** **A**\n\n\n\n_Figure 2. Number of /DPs in RBSA by Cause as of 30_\n_April 2022_\n\n\n\nData Sources\n\nAmong 16 countries in the region, the data of refugees and asylum-seekers in 11 countries are fully hosted by proGres v4 (PRIMES). In South Africa, the\n\ndata are managed by the government and UNHCR manages only the cases for assistance and durable solutions. In Angola, Democratic Republic of the\n\nCongo (DRC), Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portion of the data is not available in ProGres v4. Overall, more than half of refugees and asylum-seekers\n\nin Southern Africa are available in ProGres v4. For IDP data, UNHCR refers to different sources. Specifically, the source of DRC's IDP figure is the United\n\nNations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For Mozambique and Zimbabwe is the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the\n\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM), and for Congo is the government, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n2\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.8450897932052612, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.7465956807136536, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7811390161514282, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7054170966148376, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional data", - "confidence": 0.6548756957054138, - "start": 112, - "end": 114 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5008273124694824, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data oflDPs", - "confidence": 0.5364340543746948, - "start": 465, - "end": 467 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.6088147163391113, - "start": 414, - "end": 417 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.5684157013893127, - "start": 838, - "end": 840 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022_", - "confidence": 0.540688693523407, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9254473447799683, - "start": 828, - "end": 831 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP figure", - "confidence": 0.5559613108634949, - "start": 931, - "end": 933 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5209652185440063, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5361492037773132, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6044860482215881, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6024034023284912, - "start": 954, - "end": 957 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5961236357688904, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Congo", - "confidence": 0.5076971650123596, - "start": 972, - "end": 973 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7350131273269653, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n30-Apr-22\n\n\n**PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION***\n\n\n\n\n\n**40,935** **REF**\n\n\n**13,708** **ASY**\n\n\n\n**518,836** **REF**\n\n\n**3,434** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF**\n\n\n**ASY**\n\n\n**OOC**\n\n\n**RET**\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES**\n## **7,835,145**\n\nTotal Population of concern\n\n###### **1,123,741**\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers, other\nof concern & returnees**\n\n\n**801,098**\n\n\n**285,322**\n\n\n**37,175**\n\n\n**146**\n\n###### **6,711,404**\n\nIDP population**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n**Date of creation : 31 April 2022** For more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural Disaster IDPs\n\n**384,570**\n\n**6%**\n\n\nConflict Induced IDPs\n\n**6,326,834**\n\n**94%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** GUNHCR Primes, Government, IOM, OCHA, UNHCR\n\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; IDP = Internally displaced people\nOOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nAs of 30 April 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- The flows shown are restricted only to 5 or more people of movement, therefore the totals is different from the overal movements of the month due to the exclusion.\nIn case of the same country of origin and first country of asylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of origin are replaced with the previous\n\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee, ASY = Asylum-seeker,\nOOC = Other person of concern\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Persons of concern in Southern Africa, Data as of 30 April 2022*\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *In Democratic Republic of the Congo, IDP figures are as of 30 November 2021 and IDP returnees are not reported in 2022; **'other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; ***self-settled refers\nto the individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to\ninconsistency in proGres v4.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01c25095-589e-4c30-8187-6553deabcf2e/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_583/raw/doc_583_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_583/raw/doc_583_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a1c31f18f2d50913e879684e132101925ef0b67f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_583/raw/doc_583_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,248 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau for** **Southern Africa**\n\n**April** **2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Population Data Analysis - April 2022\n\n\n**Overview**\nAs of the end of April 2022, Southern Africa hosts\n\naround **7.8 million persons of concern (PoCs) to**\n\nUNHCR. This includes 1.1 million refugees and\n\nasylum-seekers, 6.7 million internally displaced\n\npersons (IDPs), as well as others of concern and\n\nrefugee returnees. The number increased from\n\nMarch 2022 by 1 per cent mainly due to the updated\n\nnumber of IDPs in Mozambique. **The** **DRC**\n\n**represents 78 per cent** of the regional data.\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n\n\n**Rwanda**\n\n\n**CAR**\n\n\n**Burundi**\n\n\n**Ethiopia**\n\n\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n\n\n\n**Refugees, Asylum-Seekers and**\n**Others of concern**\n\n\n\n**South Sudan**\n\n\n\n**South Africa**\n30,327\n\n\n42,687\n\n**Zambia**\n\n\n**Angola**\n\n\n\nThe region hosts **801,000 refugees, 285,000** **Congo**\n\n\n\n**asylum-seekers and 37,000 others of concern.**\n\nThe biggest inflows are from Rwanda and the\n\nCentral African Republic into DRC. DRC is also a\n\nmajor source of refugees and asylum-seekers\n\n\n\n**Somalla**\n\n\n\n**Bangladesh** **Malawi**\n_Figure 1. Flows of Refugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of_\n_Concern from Top 8 Countries of Origin_\n\nNote: The fiows shown in this figure are restricted to only the largest 8 countries of\norigin and more than 20,000 people.\n\n\n\nflowing into Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Congo, Angola and other countries. Most major countries of origin are in\n\nAfrica, but Bangladeshis have also requested asylum in South Africa (see Figure 1).\n\n\nAmong refugees and asylum-seekers, the male represents 53 per cent and the female 42 per cent. Children under\n\nage 18 take up to 42 per cent, and the working age group from 18 to 59 years old is 51 per cent. Unknown group of\n\ndemographic information is 5 per cent; most of them are self-settled in Angola and Mozambican asylum-seekers in\n\nZimbabwe.\n\n\n**Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)**\nIn Southern Africa, there are 6.7 million internally displaced\n\n\n\npersons (I DPs). Most of them are conflict-induced, 6.3 million,\n\nbut there are also natural disaster-induced IDPs, 0.4 million.\n\nThe data oflDPs are reported in DRC, Congo, Mozambique and\n\nZimbabwe (see Figure 2).\n\n\n**Specific Protection Needs**\nAmong the PoCs requiring specific needs, more than two third\n\nare women, showing that women are in more vulnerable\n\nsituation than men in general. Regarding the categories of\n\nspecific protection needs, women at risk rank the first, followed\n\nby serious medical conditions and single parents. Women at\n\nrisk account for 10 per cent among the female aged 18 years\n\nold or older, and they are 2 per cent of all refugees, asylum\u00ad\n\nseekers and others of concerns; serious medical conditions\n\nand single parents account each for 1 per cent of the\n\npopulation.\n\n\n\n**UUJO** **c.,,ll** **MCI** **ICh**\n**JMDO** **NMunlDIIMi.tlOf'I**\n\n\n\n\n - **.** .\n\n**111.ao**\n\n\n....\n\n\n### - 4UH \u00b7\n\n\n\n**UOJ-\"'O** **CO!lllk1** **l0Pw**\n**101.llO** **Natur** **lDitNI .. IDf'I**\n\n\n**900,9'9**\n\n\n\n**\u00a3-11** **KIY,1ou\u2022\u2022**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n**\ufffd-+** **fot!1**\n\n\n\n**1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdtl'l(>fn Afflc\u2022**\n\n\n\n?{\u2794 \ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdo\ufffd! **IDP\\**\n\n\n\n?(-+ **\ufffd-'!ir\ufffd\ufffd!?stetl\ufffd** **A**\n\n\n\n_Figure 2. Number of /DPs in RBSA by Cause as of 30_\n_April 2022_\n\n\n\nData Sources\n\nAmong 16 countries in the region, the data of refugees and asylum-seekers in 11 countries are fully hosted by proGres v4 (PRIMES). In South Africa, the\n\ndata are managed by the government and UNHCR manages only the cases for assistance and durable solutions. In Angola, Democratic Republic of the\n\nCongo (DRC), Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portion of the data is not available in ProGres v4. Overall, more than half of refugees and asylum-seekers\n\nin Southern Africa are available in ProGres v4. For IDP data, UNHCR refers to different sources. Specifically, the source of DRC's IDP figure is the United\n\nNations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For Mozambique and Zimbabwe is the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the\n\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM), and for Congo is the government, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n2\n\n\nUNHCR / April 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.8450897932052612, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.7465956807136536, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7811390161514282, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7054170966148376, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional data", - "confidence": 0.6548756957054138, - "start": 112, - "end": 114 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5008273124694824, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data oflDPs", - "confidence": 0.5364340543746948, - "start": 465, - "end": 467 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.6088147163391113, - "start": 414, - "end": 417 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres v4", - "confidence": 0.5684157013893127, - "start": 838, - "end": 840 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022_", - "confidence": 0.540688693523407, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9254473447799683, - "start": 828, - "end": 831 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP figure", - "confidence": 0.5559613108634949, - "start": 931, - "end": 933 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5209652185440063, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5361492037773132, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6044860482215881, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6024034023284912, - "start": 954, - "end": 957 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5961236357688904, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Congo", - "confidence": 0.5076971650123596, - "start": 972, - "end": 973 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7350131273269653, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU SOUTHERN AFRICA\n###### **POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n30-Apr-22\n\n\n**PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION***\n\n\n\n\n\n**40,935** **REF**\n\n\n**13,708** **ASY**\n\n\n\n**518,836** **REF**\n\n\n**3,434** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REF**\n\n\n**ASY**\n\n\n**OOC**\n\n\n**RET**\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES**\n## **7,835,145**\n\nTotal Population of concern\n\n###### **1,123,741**\n\nRefugees, asylum-seekers, other\nof concern & returnees**\n\n\n**801,098**\n\n\n**285,322**\n\n\n**37,175**\n\n\n**146**\n\n###### **6,711,404**\n\nIDP population**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n**Date of creation : 31 April 2022** For more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural Disaster IDPs\n\n**384,570**\n\n**6%**\n\n\nConflict Induced IDPs\n\n**6,326,834**\n\n**94%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** GUNHCR Primes, Government, IOM, OCHA, UNHCR\n\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; IDP = Internally displaced people\nOOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**PERSONS OF CONCERN INVOLVED IN CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nAs of 30 April 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- The flows shown are restricted only to 5 or more people of movement, therefore the totals is different from the overal movements of the month due to the exclusion.\nIn case of the same country of origin and first country of asylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of origin are replaced with the previous\n\n\n\n*PoCs = Persons of Concern ** REF = Refugee, ASY = Asylum-seeker,\nOOC = Other person of concern\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Persons of concern in Southern Africa, Data as of 30 April 2022*\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: *In Democratic Republic of the Congo, IDP figures are as of 30 November 2021 and IDP returnees are not reported in 2022; **'other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; ***self-settled refers\nto the individuals without available information such as their names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to\ninconsistency in proGres v4.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n\u27a2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75428b8c-4646-4d36-9274-e7c0515c2ecc/RBSA%20Population%20Factsheet_April_2022_Final_v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_584/raw/doc_584_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_584/raw/doc_584_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 03bda7c0b60d98bf7f1af8aada9f8119b189f291..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_584/raw/doc_584_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Analyse de Protection**\n### **Juillet 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. R\u00c9SUME**\n\nLa paup\u00e9risation des m\u00e9nages et la d\u00e9gradation des services\nessentiels ont consid\u00e9rablement impact\u00e9 leurs conditions de vie.\nD\u00e9sormais, les deux-tiers de la population luttent au quotidien pour\nse soigner, se nourrir, se loger, envoyer leurs enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ou\ns\u2019approvisionner en eau potable. Les besoins humanitaires li\u00e9s aux\nconditions de vie ont franchi les fronti\u00e8res de nouvelles souspr\u00e9fectures comme Koui, Bozoum ou Bossangoa, consid\u00e9r\u00e9es\ncomme relativement stables il y a un an.\n\n\n9 m\u00e9nages sur 10 utilisent des strat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9gatives pour\nfaire face \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation de leurs conditions de vie et de leur bien\u00eatre. Plus effrayant encore, un tiers adopte des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019urgence\nles mettant en danger [1] . Pour ces femmes, hommes et enfants,\nmendier, vendre sa maison ou mener d\u2019autres activit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation\nn\u00e9gative sont devenues les seules options possibles pour survivre. La\nr\u00e9silience des populations s\u2019est \u00e9rod\u00e9e sous le poids des crises\nsuccessives, de la r\u00e9cession \u00e9conomique et de l\u2019affaiblissement des\nm\u00e9canismes de solidarit\u00e9. Or, quand envoyer ses enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et\npayer des frais de sant\u00e9 n\u2019est plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une d\u00e9pense\nessentielle, les opportunit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement humains se\nr\u00e9duisent autant que la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire se renforce.\n\n\n**Impacts sur l\u2019environnement de protection :**\n\n\nUne cons\u00e9quence caract\u00e9ristique de la crise humanitaire actuelle est\nla multiplication des d\u00e9placements massifs de la population. Au 30\navril 2022, le nombre total des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) en\nRCA est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 658 265 individus (163 551 personnes dans les sites\n\n\n1 Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire RCA 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "; 494 714 personnes dans les familles d\u2019accueil) [2], 91 sites de PDI\nr\u00e9partis dans 22 sous-pr\u00e9fectures sont actuellement op\u00e9rationnels.\n\n\nLes infrastructures de sant\u00e9 continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre la cible des attaques\nd\u2019hommes en armes provoquant ainsi leur fermeture temporaire ou\nla suspension des activit\u00e9s qui ont un impact direct sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s de la\npopulation aux soins. Le m\u00e9canisme de surveillance des attaques sur\nle syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 administr\u00e9 par l\u2019OMS a enregistr\u00e9 18 attaques en\n2020 et 90 attaques en 2021. Selon les donn\u00e9es du Cluster Sant\u00e9, 13\nattaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es de janvier \u00e0 mai 2022.\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) figurent parmi les violations\ndes droits les plus r\u00e9pandues en RCA, notamment les violences\nsexuelles, les mariages forc\u00e9s/pr\u00e9coce, le sexe pour la survie,\nl\u2019exploitation et abus sexuels (EAS) et la violence conjugale. L\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux services de prise en charge multi sectorielle des survivant(e)s de\nVBG est limit\u00e9.\n\n\nEn RCA, les enfants constituent plus de la moiti\u00e9 des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es [3] et sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la s\u00e9paration\nfamiliale, \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse psychosociale, au recrutement par les forces\net groupes arm\u00e9s et \u00e0 la violence y compris sexuelle. Les acteurs de\nprotection de l\u2019enfant estiment que 944 000 enfants (51% de filles)\nsont en besoin de services de protection, y compris la sant\u00e9 mentale\net appui psychosocial en 2022. Au regard de la d\u00e9gradation du\ncontexte socio-\u00e9conomique et du contexte s\u00e9curitaire dans certaines\nr\u00e9gions depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, il est probable que les\nbesoins soient plus importants.\n\n\nLa d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration croissante des conditions de vie des m\u00e9nages expose\ndavantage les enfants vivant dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires \u00e0 la\n\n\n2 Statistiques CMP Avril 2022\n3 Estimation faite par UNICEF sur la base du % d\u2019enfants dans la population\ntotale\n\n\n\nviolence, aux abus, \u00e0 l'exploitation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse psychosociale, en\nparticulier les enfants chefs de famille et les enfants PDI avec ou sans\nleur famille. Lors des discussions de groupes conduites dans des sites\nde PDI en avril 2022, le manque de ressources du m\u00e9nage,\nnotamment de nourriture, a \u00e9t\u00e9 souvent cit\u00e9 comme une raison pour\nlaquelle les adolescentes et les jeunes femmes ont des rapports\nsexuels transactionnels. La baisse du pouvoir d\u2019achat, le manque\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nourriture ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s parmi les\ncauses majeures qui poussent les enfants \u00e0 rejoindre les groupes\narm\u00e9s.\n\n#### **2. CONTEXTE**\n\n\nLa crise politico-militaire depuis 2013 a entra\u00een\u00e9 une grave crise\nhumanitaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 une probl\u00e9matique de protection complexe. La\nviolence, les violations du DIH et des droits de l\u2019homme, les\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, et autres atteintes aux droits humains, ont\ng\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une crise de protection qui a exig\u00e9 la mobilisation rapide de\nla communaut\u00e9 internationale et une d\u00e9cision du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\navec l\u2019envoi de la Mission Multidimensionnelle des Nations Unies\npour la Stabilisation de la Centrafrique (MINUSCA), avec pour priorit\u00e9\nla protection des civils [4] . Les renouvellements successifs du mandat\nde la MINUSCA mettent toujours en priorit\u00e9 la protection des civils.\n\n\nEn f\u00e9vrier 2019, le gouvernement centrafricain et 14 groupes arm\u00e9s\nont sign\u00e9 un accord politique pour le retour de la paix et de la\nr\u00e9conciliation en RCA (APPR). Cet accord a suscit\u00e9 de l\u2019espoir pour le\nr\u00e9tablissement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de la paix et pour des lendemains\nmeilleurs pour la population centrafricaine. N\u00e9anmoins la mise en\n\u0153uvre de l\u2019APPR reste \u00e9maill\u00e9e de plusieurs obstacles, cons\u00e9cutifs\n\n\n[4 UN Resolution 2121, R\u00e9solution du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur la situation en](https://minusca.unmissions.org/r%C3%A9solution-du-conseil-de-s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9-sur-la-situation-en-r%C3%A9publique-centrafricaine)\n[r\u00e9publique centrafricaine | MINUSCA (unmissions.org)](https://minusca.unmissions.org/r%C3%A9solution-du-conseil-de-s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9-sur-la-situation-en-r%C3%A9publique-centrafricaine)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "notamment au retrait de quelques groupes arm\u00e9s [5] qui sont actifs sur\nle terrain, notamment dans les Pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham-Pend\u00e9, de la\nOuaka, de la Basse-Kotto et du Mbomou.\n\n\nFin 2020, des nouveaux acteurs arm\u00e9s, y compris des forces\nbilat\u00e9rales, sont intervenu pour appuyer les forces arm\u00e9es\ncentrafricaines (FACA) \u00e0 combattre et \u00e0 neutraliser les groupes\narm\u00e9s. Ainsi, plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s\nou se sont retir\u00e9s des grandes agglom\u00e9rations pour s\u2019installer dans\ndes villages p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques et sur les axes.\n\n\nQuelques sources alertent sur le fait que certains acteurs arm\u00e9s\nferaient recours aux anciens \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui ont quitt\u00e9 leurs groupes\narm\u00e9s (anciens combattants), et qui seraient utilis\u00e9s dans les\nop\u00e9rations militaires notamment dans les localit\u00e9s \u00e9loign\u00e9es des\ngrandes agglom\u00e9rations et sur les axes. Certains observateurs\ntendent \u00e0 faire un lien entre le recours \u00e0 ces suppl\u00e9tifs et des cas de\nrepr\u00e9sailles sur les civils qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 dans certaines localit\u00e9s.\n\n\nDu 21 au 27 mars 2022, le Gouvernent Centrafricain a organis\u00e9 le\ndialogue r\u00e9publicain \u00e0 Bangui. Diff\u00e9rentes couches sociales ont pris\npart \u00e0 ce dialogue, y compris les repr\u00e9sentants de PDI et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\ncentrafricains, ainsi que ceux de l\u2019opposition d\u00e9mocratique et de\nquelques groupes arm\u00e9s. La tenue du dialogue r\u00e9publicain est\nporteur d\u2019espoir pour la consolidation de la paix et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9,\nnotamment en vue d\u2019une meilleure inclusivit\u00e9 et participation des\ndiff\u00e9rentes couches de la population aux \u00e9lections locales \u00e0 venir [6] .\n\n\nDes ann\u00e9es de conflit ont gravement affect\u00e9 le fonctionnement du\nsyst\u00e8me judiciaire et favoris\u00e9 l'impunit\u00e9 des auteurs de crimes\ngraves. Afin d\u2019y pallier, en plus du d\u00e9ploiement progressif de la chaine\np\u00e9nale, les autorit\u00e9s centrafricaines ont institu\u00e9, en juin 2015, la Cour\n\n\n5 L\u2019union des Patriotes Centrafricains (UPC) et le 3R se sont retir\u00e9s de\nl\u2019APPR\n\n\n\nP\u00e9nale Sp\u00e9ciale (CPS). La CPS tient actuellement son premier proc\u00e8s.\nLe Bureau Conjoint des Nations Unies aux Droits de l\u2019Homme\n(BCNUDH) collabore avec la CPS sur les violations des Droits de\nl\u2019Homme et du Droit International Humanitaire (DIH) document\u00e9s,\nafin de faciliter la mise en \u0153uvre du mandat de la Cour.\n\n\nLes PDI, principalement celles sur les sites, vivent dans des conditions\ntr\u00e8s difficiles qui les exposent \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents risques de protection\nincluant notamment l\u2019imposition des taxes ill\u00e9gales, les arrestations\narbitraires et d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, les VBG, le recrutement forc\u00e9 \u2013 y\ncompris des enfants \u2013 les cas d\u2019EAS ou encore les atteintes \u00e0 la vie et\n\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\nBien que les groupes arm\u00e9s aient \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s de plusieurs grandes\nagglom\u00e9rations avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des forces bilat\u00e9rales, le non-respect\ndu caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de PDI reste une\nprobl\u00e9matique sur plusieurs sites, quoi qu\u2019elle se pose en des termes\ndiff\u00e9rents.\n\n\nD\u00e8s la seconde moiti\u00e9 de 2021, les acteurs de protection ont\ncommenc\u00e9 \u00e0 rapporter de plus en plus des cas de menaces d\u2019\u00e9viction\nde PDI sur sites. Dans certains cas, les menaces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0\nex\u00e9cution et les PDI effectivement \u00e9vinc\u00e9s, tels qu\u2019\u00e0 Bambari (8 375\nPDI du site Elevage) et \u00e0 Batangafo (40 m\u00e9nages PDI du site\nAlternatif). Les auteurs de ces menaces sont souvent les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s, y compris les forces bilat\u00e9rales, les\npersonnes physiques ou morales priv\u00e9es qui veulent recouvrer la\njouissance de leurs terrains sur lesquels sont \u00e9tablis les sites.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle aux PDI et autres cat\u00e9gories de personnes\ndans le besoin, n\u2019arrive pas toujours \u00e0 temps dans certaines r\u00e9gions\n\u00e9loign\u00e9es et/ou enclav\u00e9es. Il arrive \u00e9galement que cette r\u00e9ponse soit\n\n\n6 Les \u00e9lections locales sont en principe pr\u00e9vues en septembre 2022\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et non conforme aux standards requis, exposant de ce fait\nles PDI \u00e0 divers risques de protection, en particulier les filles, les\ngar\u00e7ons et les femmes.\n\n\nAu niveau \u00e9conomique, la productivit\u00e9 a connu deux ann\u00e9es difficiles\nen raison de l\u2019impact combin\u00e9 de la COVID-19 et de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\nde la situation s\u00e9curitaire. Cela a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer notamment\nla situation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en RCA. L'analyse Cadre\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9 de classification de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (IPC) indique que\nplus de 2,2 millions de personnes, soit pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la\npopulation Centrafricaine, seront en situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire \u00e0 un niveau de crise ou d\u2019urgence, entre avril et ao\u00fbt\n2022. Cette situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire risque fortement\nd\u2019augmenter la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes et des filles aux violences\nsexuelles, au mariage forc\u00e9/pr\u00e9coce, au sexe pour la survie, \u00e0 l\u2019EAS et\n\u00e0 la violence conjugale. La situation des VBG s\u2019est d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e : en\n2021 il y a une augmentation de 26% d\u2019incident de VBG rapport\u00e9s par\nrapport \u00e0 2020 alors que les incidents d\u00e9clar\u00e9s au 1 [er] trimestre de\n2022 repr\u00e9sentent une augmentation de 141% par rapport \u00e0 ceux\nd\u00e9clar\u00e9s au 1er trimestre 2021. En rapport avec l\u2019accroissement de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ainsi que l\u2019impact du d\u00e9ficit ou du retard dans\nl\u2019assistance alimentaire, il r\u00e9sulte des discussions en avril 2022 avec\nles PDI sur sites que le manque de nourriture est souvent cit\u00e9 comme\nune raison des violences sexuelles au sein du m\u00e9nage, une des causes\nmajeures pour laquelle les jeunes femmes ont des rapports sexuels\ntransactionnels et aussi qui pousse les enfants \u00e0 rejoindre les groupes\net forces arm\u00e9s. \u00c9galement le monitoring de protection de janvier \u00e0\navril 2022 \u00e9tablit un lien \u00e9troit entre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les\nrisques de protection, en particulier dans les villages p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques\net sur les axes. Ainsi, les agressions physiques, les d\u00e9nis de ressources\net les violences psychologiques commises dans un contexte de\nrecherche d\u2019alternatives \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation constituent 46% des types\nde VBG rapport\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection.\n\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2022, la RCA continue de vivre dans un contexte\nambivalent avec d\u2019une part, une partie du territoire encore affect\u00e9e\npar la violence et les activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s, et d\u2019autre part, des\nr\u00e9gions o\u00f9 la situation s\u00e9curitaire s\u2019am\u00e9liore progressivement. Le\nretour volontaire (spontan\u00e9 ou facilit\u00e9) d\u2019une partie de PDI et de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019est progressivement intensifi\u00e9 au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 et\nau premier semestre 2022. Ces retours volontaires ont notamment\n\u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s dans les pr\u00e9fectures de la Lobaye, de la NanaMamb\u00e9r\u00e9, de la Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kad\u00e9i, de la Sangha-Mba\u00e9r\u00e9 et \u00e0 Bangui\no\u00f9 il y a une am\u00e9lioration globale de la situation s\u00e9curitaire. A\nl\u2019inverse, les zones o\u00f9 il y a une pr\u00e9sence importante de PDI sont\ncelles dans lesquelles il y a une pr\u00e9sence importante des groupes\narm\u00e9s, \u00e0 savoir les pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouaka, de la Basse-Kotto, de la\nHaute-Kotto, de l\u2019Ouham, de l\u2019Ouham-Pende, et de la Nana Gribizi.\n\n\nLe nombre des violations des droits humains et du droit international\nhumanitaire (DIH) document\u00e9s par le BCNUDH a connu une tendance\n\u00e0 la hausse. Alors qu\u2019en 2020 le BCNUDH avait document\u00e9 842\nviolations affectant 1407 victimes, en 2021 il a document\u00e9 1 369\nviolations des droits humains et du DIH. Ces violations ont affect\u00e9 2\n857 victimes incluant 1 238 hommes, 319 femmes, 171 gar\u00e7ons, 222\nfilles, 520 autres civils non identifi\u00e9s, 175 enfants non identifi\u00e9s et\n212 groupes de victimes collectives. De janvier \u00e0 mars 2022, le\nBCNUDH a document\u00e9 214 violations qui ont affect\u00e9 564 victimes\nconstitu\u00e9es de 252 hommes, 77 femmes, 74 gar\u00e7ons, 41 filles, 64\ncivils non identifi\u00e9s, 16 non identifi\u00e9s et 35 groupes de victimes\ncollectives. La d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation des droits humains et du\nDIH intervient dans le contexte des op\u00e9rations militaires men\u00e9es par\nles FACA et leurs alli\u00e9s contre les groupes arm\u00e9s. Les violations sont\ncommises par toutes les parties au conflit. Alors qu\u2019en 2020 11% de\nviolations des droits humains et du DIH document\u00e9s par le BCNUDH\n\u00e9taient attribu\u00e9s aux acteurs \u00e9tatiques, en 2021 48% de violations\ndocument\u00e9es sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cette cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019auteurs.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Avec 899 violations graves document\u00e9es par les Nations Unis en 2020\n\u00e0 travers le m\u00e9canisme de rapportage des graves violations des droits\nde l\u2019enfant en situation de conflit (MRM,) le recrutement d'enfants\nest rest\u00e9 la violation la plus importante. Il repr\u00e9sente environ 74 %\nde tous les incidents de violations graves des droits de l'enfant\ndocument\u00e9s. Plus de la moiti\u00e9 d'incidents document\u00e9s et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s en\n2020 (sur un total de 584 cas) se sont produits au cours du dernier\ntrimestre. Cela est une indication de l'impact de la crise post\u00e9lectorale sur les enfants. En 2021, les Nations unies ont v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 pr\u00e8s\nde 925 violations \u00e0 l'encontre des enfants, soit une augmentation de\n3% par rapport \u00e0 2020 (899).\n\nL\u2019afflux de b\u00e9tail sur le territoire centrafricain s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9 \u00e0\nmesure que les p\u00e2turages et ressources en eau se sont rar\u00e9fi\u00e9s dans\nles pays voisins. Les pressions exerc\u00e9es sur les ressources naturelles\ncausent de vives tensions entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs. Le nonrespect des couloirs de transhumance, la pr\u00e9sence de plusieurs\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les couloirs emprunt\u00e9s par les b\u00e9tails et la\nqu\u00eate de gains \u00e9conomiques par les diff\u00e9rents groupes sont des\nfacteurs suppl\u00e9mentaires qui risquent d\u2019alimenter les violences\nrelatives \u00e0 la transhumance.\n\n#### **3. RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nAu premier trimestre 2022, 3 016 incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par le\nmonitoring de protection, dont 56% de VBG. La typologie des\nviolations enregistr\u00e9es montre que les grandes tendances observ\u00e9es\nen 2021 continuent, avec une pr\u00e9dominance des VBG, suivie des\natteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (20%), des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 (17%) et des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (5%). 43 cas de\nviolation de la r\u00e9solution 1612 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. Les sections\nsuivantes font un focus sur les VBG, les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de la\n\n\n\npopulation, les menaces d\u2019\u00e9viction des PDI sur sites, les attaques\ncontre les infrastructures de sant\u00e9, le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation des\nenfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s, les restrictions aux mouvements et \u00e0\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n##### Risque 1 : Violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\nDans la plupart des communaut\u00e9s en RCA, les normes socio\nculturelles (genre) rel\u00e8guent les femmes et les filles ont un r\u00f4le\nsecondaire o\u00f9 elles sont moins consult\u00e9es dans la prise de d\u00e9cision\nconcernant la vie de la famille et dans la communaut\u00e9. Cela a\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un climat de banalisation des incidents de VBG par des\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9 eux m\u00eame. Lors d\u2019une \u00e9valuation de\nprotection en avril 2022, un leader communautaire d\u00e9clarait que\nc\u2019est plut\u00f4t les femmes et les filles qui doivent \u00eatre bl\u00e2m\u00e9es pour les\nactes de violences sexuelles, grossesses pr\u00e9coces et non les hommes\net les gar\u00e7ons qui en sont auteurs d\u2019o\u00f9 pour lui la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de marier\nles filles tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, avant 18 ans.\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire volatile coupl\u00e9e avec l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\nen RCA exacerbent davantage la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes et des\nfilles \u00e0 des formes multiples de VBG. L\u2019intensification des violences\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s, en particulier sur les axes, limite l'acc\u00e8s des\nfemmes et des hommes aux opportunit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenu \u00e0\ntravers le commerce, le transport, etc. Celles parmi les femmes qui\nn\u2019ont pas d\u2019autres choix de survie et qui de ce fait d\u00e9cident d\u2019aller\naux champs et \u00e0 la recherche de bois de chauffe sont souvent\nvictimes de violences sexuelles. Les auteurs de ces faits sont souvent\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s ou des membres de la communaut\u00e9\nqui profitent de l\u2019insuffisance des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9pression dans\nleurs communaut\u00e9s. Lors d\u2019une \u00e9valuation de protection en avril\n2022, un participant au focus group a partag\u00e9 que des groupes arm\u00e9s\nont surgi un matin dans le village d\u2019un coll\u00e8gue et se sont mis \u00e0 violer\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "les femmes et les filles sous l\u2019\u0153il impuissant des membres de leur\nfamille. Apr\u00e8s avoir fini leur sale besogne, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s se sont\nretir\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa plupart des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9pression dans les communaut\u00e9s\naffect\u00e9es sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s parfois par les leaders communautaires et les\nservices de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et judiciaire ; l\u00e0 o\u00f9 cela existe. Souvent ceux-ci\nfont une gestion \u00e0 l\u2019amiable des cas de VBG contre le paiement d\u2019une\namende ou parfois le mariage de la survivante par l\u2019auteur du viol.\nQuelques fois, m\u00eame le recours \u00e0 l\u2019amiable n\u2019est pas une alternative,\n\u00e0 tel enseigne que les faits restent dans l\u2019impunit\u00e9 totale surtout si\nles auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont des hommes en armes.\n\n\nCette situation est un des facteurs explicatifs de l\u2019accroissement\ncontinu des incidents de VBG rapport\u00e9s : 26% de plus en 2021 [7] par\nrapport \u00e0 2020 et 141% de plus au 1 [er] trimestre 2022 par rapport au\n1er trimestre 2021. Au 1 [er] trimestre 2022, bien que toutes les 6\nformes [8] de VBG soient rapport\u00e9es, les formes les plus signal\u00e9es sont\ndes violences sexuelles (34%) et les d\u00e9nis de ressources (22%). La\nquasi-totalit\u00e9 (93%) des survivant(e)s des cas de VBG rapport\u00e9s sont\ndes femmes et des filles. Les adultes survivants repr\u00e9sentent 83 %\ntandis que les enfants repr\u00e9sentent 17 %. Il est important de noter\nque ce chiffre ne repr\u00e9sente pas la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des VBG qui affectent les\nenfants en raison de l\u2019adaptation insuffisante des approches\nd\u2019interventions aux enfants chez plusieurs partenaires VBG. A titre\nillustratif, les donn\u00e9es d\u2019un partenaire VBG dont les interventions\nsont focalis\u00e9es sur les enfants montrent que 65% de cas de viol\nrapport\u00e9s de novembre 2021 \u00e0 mars 2022 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis sur des\nmineurs. Certains partenaires ont rapport\u00e9 leur inqui\u00e9tude par\n\n\n7 Rapport annuel GBVIMS 2021, AoR VBG RCA\n\n\n\nrapport au silence des communaut\u00e9s sur les actes de violences\nsexuelles sur les enfants au sein de leur famille.\n\n\nAinsi en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et de la situation s\u00e9curitaire\nvolatile, les femmes et les filles font face \u00e0 des risques grandissants\nde VBG. Parmi elles, les femmes et filles PDI, les femmes cheffes de\nm\u00e9nage, les veuves, les filles m\u00e8res, les femmes vivant avec handicap\ncourent plus de risques de plusieurs formes de VBG dont les violences\nsexuelles, mariage force/pr\u00e9coce, le sexe pour la survie, l\u2019exploitation\net abus sexuels et la violence conjugale. Cela n\u00e9cessite plus d\u2019actions\nde pr\u00e9vention, de r\u00e9duction de risque et de r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle\nad\u00e9quate.\n\n##### Risque 2 : D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, s\u00e9paration familiale et menace d\u2019\u00e9viction des PDI sur sites\n\nL\u2019ensemble des 16 pr\u00e9fectures de la RCA et la capitale Bangui\nh\u00e9bergent des PDI en sites ou en familles d\u2019accueil. Les violences\narm\u00e9es sont la principale cause des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de la\npopulation en RCA. Et quelque fois des d\u00e9placements pr\u00e9ventifs de\nla population par peur d\u2019attaques ou de repr\u00e9sailles. De janvier \u00e0 avril\n2022, les d\u00e9placements les plus importants rapport\u00e9s par les\npartenaires de la commission mouvement de la population (CMP) ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 dans les pr\u00e9fectures de la Ouaka, l\u2019Ombella-M\u2019poko, la NanaGribizi et l\u2019Ouham-Pende, soit 80 285 PDI repr\u00e9sentant 75 % de\nl\u2019ensemble des nouveaux d\u00e9placements pendant cette p\u00e9riode. Les\ndistances parcourues par les PDI de leurs lieux de provenance vers les\nsites d\u2019accueil sont assez vari\u00e9es. Lors d\u2019une \u00e9valuation de protection\nau PK5 \u00e0 Bangui en ao\u00fbt 2021, certaines familles PDI interview\u00e9es\n\n\n8 Classification des types de VBG par le GBVIMS : viol, agression sexuelle,\nagression physique, mariage forc\u00e9/pr\u00e9coce, denis de\nressources/d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 ou de services, violences psychologiques\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "provenaient de Bambari, soit plus de 400 km parcourus. Il arrive aussi\nque certains d\u00e9placements soient sur des distances relativement\ncourtes, parfois m\u00eame d\u2019un quartier \u00e0 un autre dans une m\u00eame ville.\n\n\nD\u00e8s la seconde moiti\u00e9 de 2021, les acteurs de protection ont\ncommenc\u00e9 \u00e0 rapporter de plus en plus des cas de menaces d\u2019\u00e9viction\nde PDI sur sites. Dans certains cas, les menaces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0\nex\u00e9cution et les PDI effectivement \u00e9vinc\u00e9s, tels qu\u2019\u00e0 Bambari (8 375\nPDI du site Elevage) et \u00e0 Batangafo (40 m\u00e9nages PDI du site\nAlternatif). Le 9 mai 2022, les autorit\u00e9s administratives de Batangafo\nont donn\u00e9 un ultimatum aux PDI du site dit \u00ab MINUSCA \u00bb de quitter\nle site au plus tard le 6 d\u00e9cembre 2022, afin de permettre la\nconstruction des infrastructures pour le bon fonctionnement de\nl\u2019administration de l\u2019Etat. Ainsi 2 698 PDI pourraient \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0\nune \u00e9ventuelle \u00e9viction forc\u00e9e. Un plaidoyer est en cours aupr\u00e8s des\nautorit\u00e9s afin de trouver une solution bas\u00e9e sur les principes\npertinents de protection. Les auteurs des menaces d\u2019\u00e9viction sont\nsouvent les autorit\u00e9s locales, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et les propri\u00e9taires\nde terrains sur lesquels sont \u00e9tablis les sites. La quasi-totalit\u00e9 des 96\nsites de PDI en RCA se sont cr\u00e9\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re spontan\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite des\nchocs ayant occasionn\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements de la population, sans\nconcertations et accords formels pr\u00e9alables avec les propri\u00e9taires de\nterrains sur lesquels sont \u00e9tablis ces sites. Cet \u00e9tat des faits expose\ndavantage les PDI \u00e0 la menace d\u2019\u00e9victions forc\u00e9es.\n\n\nDes nombreuses situations de s\u00e9parations familiales interviennent le\nplus souvent pendant les mouvements de la population, notamment\nles d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s. La s\u00e9paration familiale est un autre facteur\nqui contribue \u00e0 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des enfants, filles et gar\u00e7ons, \u00e0 la\nviolence, aux abus et \u00e0 l'exploitation. En effet sans la protection d\u2019un\nadulte, les enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non accompagn\u00e9s courent un risque\n\u00e9lev\u00e9 d'\u00eatre recrut\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s dans des conflits arm\u00e9s et d'adopter\nd'autres strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation les mettant \u00e0 risque. En 2021, le\ndomaine de responsabilit\u00e9s de la Protection de l\u2019enfant a assur\u00e9\n\n\n\nl\u2019identification et la prise en charge alternative de 868 enfants non\naccompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s (386 filles). Entre janvier et avril 2022, 174\nenfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et 362 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s (151 filles) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nidentifi\u00e9s et pris en charge.\n\n##### Risque 3 : Attaques sur les infrastructures de sant\u00e9\n\nLes infrastructures de sant\u00e9 continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre la cible des attaques\nd\u2019hommes en armes provoquant ainsi leur fermeture temporaire ou\nla suspension des activit\u00e9s qui ont un impact direct sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s de la\npopulation aux soins. Le m\u00e9canisme de surveillance des attaques sur\nle syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 administr\u00e9 par l\u2019OMS a enregistr\u00e9 18 attaques en\n2020 et 90 attaques en 2021. Selon les donn\u00e9es du Cluster Sant\u00e9, 13\nattaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es de janvier \u00e0 mai 2022.\n\n##### Risque 4 : Le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation des enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\nLe recrutement et l'utilisation d'enfants (filles et gar\u00e7ons) par les\nforces et groupes arm\u00e9s fait l'objet d'une attention particuli\u00e8re tant\nau niveau international qu'en RCA. Sur les six violations graves des\ndroits de l'enfant dans les conflits que les Nations Unis surveillent\n(meurtres et mutilations, violences sexuelles, enl\u00e8vements,\nrecrutement et utilisation, attaques contre des \u00e9coles et des\nh\u00f4pitaux, refus d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'aide humanitaire), le recrutement et\nl'utilisation d'enfants par des groupes arm\u00e9s restent la violation grave\ndes droits de l'enfant la plus r\u00e9pandue en RCA (74% des violations).\n\n\nLa nature prolong\u00e9e du conflit et les cycles de violence emp\u00eachent\nun acc\u00e8s durable aux services de base, aux possibilit\u00e9s de\nd\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 stable dont les enfants\nont besoin pour s'\u00e9panouir. En cons\u00e9quence, de nombreux enfants,\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "filles et gar\u00e7ons, continuent d'\u00eatre confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque accru de\nrecrutement et de re-enr\u00f4lement par des groupes arm\u00e9s. Ils sont\nutilis\u00e9s notamment mais pas exclusivement comme combattants,\nporteurs, messagers, cuisiniers, gardien de b\u00e9tail et/ou \u00e0 des fins\nsexuelles. En outre, en raison des tensions entre les communaut\u00e9s,\net de certaines rivalit\u00e9s ethniques, certains enfants sont encourag\u00e9s\npar leurs familles et leurs communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 participer au conflit arm\u00e9,\nmalgr\u00e9 le danger et les dommages que cela implique. Ainsi des\nnombreux enfants n\u2019ont pas rejoint les groupes arm\u00e9s pour des\nraisons \u00e9conomiques mais pour d\u2019autres facteurs comme par\nexemple, le besoin de se venger ou de prot\u00e9ger leurs familles et\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9valuations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en 2021 par le\ndomaine de responsabilit\u00e9 Protection de l\u2019Enfant ont confirm\u00e9 la\npr\u00e9sence des enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s (EAFGA)\ndans toutes les sous-pr\u00e9fectures enqu\u00eat\u00e9es (26) \u00e0 l\u2019exception de\nBangui. S\u2019agissant du mode de recrutement, environ 40% ont rejoint\n\u2018volontairement\u2019 les groupes arm\u00e9s. Pour ceux-l\u00e0 qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9s\n\u2018volontairement\u2019, dans 60% de cas, ce sont les parents qui ont\ninfluenc\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\nDans cet environnement extr\u00eamement fragilis\u00e9 o\u00f9 les services de\nprotection de base sont affaiblis et o\u00f9 les m\u00e9canismes traditionnels\nde protection de l'enfance bas\u00e9s sur la communaut\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nperturb\u00e9s, l\u2019impact de ces multiples formes de violences sur le\nd\u00e9veloppement des adolescent(e)s, jeune et leur bien-\u00eatre\npsychosocial est ind\u00e9niable. Malgr\u00e9 leurs exp\u00e9riences, ces enfants\nsont r\u00e9silients et peuvent contribuer de mani\u00e8re constructive aux\nefforts de reconstruction et de r\u00e9conciliation s'ils re\u00e7oivent l'aide, le\nsoutien et les encouragements appropri\u00e9s.\n\n\n##### Risque 5 : Restrictions aux mouvements et \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire\n\nEn RCA, de nombreuses entraves \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire impactent la\ncapacit\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires \u00e0 atteindre les personnes\ntouch\u00e9es par les crises \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition, ainsi que la capacit\u00e9 des\npersonnes affect\u00e9es \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et aux services\nessentiels. Selon l\u2019aper\u00e7u du cadre du suivi et du rapportage fait par\nOCHA sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, 4 de 9 contraintes suivies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les\nplus significatives au premier trimestre 2022 : i) les hostilit\u00e9s en cours\net les op\u00e9rations militaires ii) les violences contre les personnels,\nbiens et infrastructures humanitaires iii) la pr\u00e9sence des engins\nexplosifs iv) les obstacles qui emp\u00eachent les populations affect\u00e9es \u00e0\nacc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019aide et aux services. De janvier \u00e0 mars 2022, sur un total\nde 38 incidents ayant affect\u00e9 les humanitaires, 29 sont des incidents\nde violence contre les personnes, les biens et les infrastructures\ncommunautaires. Ces diverses contraintes rendent tout mouvement\nde personnes ou de bien compliqu\u00e9, co\u00fbteux, long et dangereux. Ces\nrestrictions \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s impactent aussi n\u00e9gativement la capacit\u00e9 des\npersonnes affect\u00e9es \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et aux services\nessentiels. Entre les taxations des porteurs d\u2019armes, les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires et les graves lacunes des infrastructures de transport, tout\nmouvement de personnes ou de bien est compliqu\u00e9, co\u00fbteux, long et\ndangereux. Pour les femmes et les filles, ce mouvement s\u2019av\u00e8re plus\ndangereux avec un risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et de violences sexuelles.\n\n\nDepuis 2021, les engins explosifs sont devenus une menace de\nprotection de plus en plus pr\u00e9occupante. Alors qu\u2019en 2020 seuls 2\nincidents relatifs aux engins explosifs avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les\npr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham-Pende et la Nana-Mamber\u00e9 sans faire de\nvictimes humaines, en 2021 UNMAS a document\u00e9 44 incidents\nfaisant 78 victimes parmi lesquels 48 bless\u00e9s et 30 tu\u00e9s. 68% de\nvictimes sont constitu\u00e9s des civils, parmi lesquels les hommes\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "repr\u00e9sentent 85% et les enfants 6%. De janvier \u00e0 mai 2022, UNMAS a\ndocument\u00e9 31 incidents faisant 36 victimes parmi lesquels 28 bless\u00e9s\net 8 tu\u00e9s. 75% de victimes sont constitu\u00e9s de civils, parmi lesquels les\nhommes repr\u00e9sentent 41% et les enfants 52%. Ainsi il apparait que\ndans les 5 premiers mois de 2022, le nombre d\u2019enfants victimes\nenregistr\u00e9s par UNMAS est de plus en plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 (de 6 % \u00e0 52% de\nvictimes civils, soit 350 fois de plus). Alors que les 2 incidents\ndocument\u00e9s en 2020 avaient eu lieu dans 2 pr\u00e9fectures, les incidents\ndocument\u00e9s en 2021 et 2022 ont eu lieu dans 11 pr\u00e9fectures. Les\npr\u00e9fectures les plus affect\u00e9es sont l\u2019Ouham-Pend\u00e9, la NanaMamber\u00e9, la Mambere-Kad\u00e9i et l\u2019Ouaka, avec 81% du nombre\nd\u2019incidents document\u00e9s.\n\n#### **4. R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n##### 4.1 Contexte op\u00e9rationnel et acc\u00e8s humanitaire\n\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines zones en raison de la situation s\u00e9curitaire (souspr\u00e9fectures de Amada-Gaza, Alindao, Bambouti):\n\n- L\u2019instabilit\u00e9/absence de connexion internet r\u00e9duit le partage \u00e0\ntemps des alertes via Kobo Collect\n\n- L\u2019instabilit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique limite l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du\nmonitoring \u00e0 distance\n\n- Mauvais \u00e9tat des routes pendant la saison des pluies.\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence persistante des groupes arm\u00e9s et d\u2019engins explosifs\ndans certaines localit\u00e9s (Nana Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9 : Ni\u00e8m-Y\u00e9l\u00e9wa et Abba).\n\n- Persistance des cas de braquage/vol \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e, extorsion des\nbiens y compris le personnel humanitaire.\n\n##### 4.2 R\u00e9ponse aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\nSelon les services disponibles, les survivants de VBG ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de\nplusieurs formes d\u2019assistance bien que des gaps importants\ndemeurent dans la plupart des services. En 2021, la Coordinatrice\nHumanitaire a mobilis\u00e9 des fonds humanitaires d\u2019environ 5 millions\nUSD pour renforcer la r\u00e9ponse VBG en RCA. Il est important de\nconstater qu\u2019il y a une augmentation de 26% des survivants de VBG\nassist\u00e9s en 2021 compar\u00e9 \u00e0 2020.\n\n\nL'analyse des donn\u00e9es du GBVIMS du 1er trimestre 2022 indique que\nle service de soutien psychosocial a \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9 et d\u00e9livr\u00e9 \u00e0 100% des\nsurvivants de VBG rapport\u00e9s et 81% ont re\u00e7u une assistance\nm\u00e9dicale. N\u00e9anmoins, la prise en charge holistique des besoins des\nsurvivants de VBG reste insuffisante. En moyenne seulement 40% des\nsurvivants ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une assistance multisectorielle couvrant\nleurs besoins dans au maximum 2 des services dont l\u2019appui\npsychosocial, m\u00e9dical, assistance juridique et ou l\u2019appui pour la\nr\u00e9insertion socio\u00e9conomique. Le pourcentage de survivants qui n'ont\npas pu \u00eatre assist\u00e9s, en raison de l'indisponibilit\u00e9 des services, varie\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d'un service \u00e0 l'autre. Une proportion de 19 \u00e0 97% des survivants de\nVBG ayant besoin d\u2019une assistance m\u00e9dicale, d\u2019un soutien aux\nmoyens de subsistance, de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services d\u2019h\u00e9bergement en\nlieu s\u00fbr, de l\u2019assistance juridique et de l'acc\u00e8s aux services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nn\u2019ont pas pu \u00eatre assist\u00e9es. La prise en charge critique des survivants\nde viol dans les 72 heures suivant l'incident reste une pr\u00e9occupation\nmajeure. Seuls 36 % des cas de viol ont re\u00e7u un soutien psychosocial\net des soins m\u00e9dicaux dans ce d\u00e9lai. L\u2019enqu\u00eate HeRAMS du 4 [\u00e8me]\ntrimestre 2021 indique que 55% des formations sanitaires en RCA\nn\u2019offrent pas une prise en charge m\u00e9dicale des violences sexuelles.\n\n\nLes principaux facteurs expliquant le gap dans l'offre de services sont\nl\u2019insuffisance et l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 de services dans certaines localit\u00e9s,\nles contraintes socioculturelles, la honte, la peur des repr\u00e9sailles, la\nstigmatisation des survivants par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les frais m\u00e9dicaux et la\ndistance \u00e9loign\u00e9e des services. Ces obstacles d\u00e9couragent les\nsurvivants de rechercher des services.\n\n\nLa distribution des kits de dignit\u00e9 aux femmes et filles en \u00e2ge de\nprocr\u00e9er est arr\u00eat\u00e9e actuellement pour la plupart des partenaires par\nmanque de financement. Cela contribuerait \u00e0 accroitre la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes et des filles aux risques de VBG dans un\ncontexte ou l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire forcera la plupart des m\u00e9nages \u00e0\nd\u00e9prioriser les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des femmes et des filles. Selon une\n\u00e9valuation rapide, les partenaires de l\u2019AoR VBG ont identifi\u00e9 136.270\nfemmes et filles en besoin de kits de dignit\u00e9 en RCA dont seulement\n1% de besoin pourrait \u00eatre couvert par les ressources actuelles\ndisponibles.\n\n##### 4.3 R\u00e9ponse aux recrutements et utilisations d\u2019enfants par les acteurs arm\u00e9s\n\n\n\nEn 2021, 2 874 enfants (dont 899 filles) sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont\nacc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 des programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique. De\njanvier \u00e0 avril 2022, 801 enfants (dont 352 filles) lib\u00e9r\u00e9s des groupes\narm\u00e9s ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge. Les rapports de terrain indiquent\nque de nombreux autres enfants, filles et gar\u00e7ons, sont encore\nassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s, et pr\u00eats \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s et\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans leurs familles et communaut\u00e9s. Comme indiqu\u00e9 plus\nhaut, de nouveaux recrutements ont encore lieu, favoris\u00e9 par un\ncontexte politique, \u00e9conomique et social instable. Compte tenu du\ncontexte de la pauvret\u00e9 et de la quasi-absence de services de base,\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans les pr\u00e9fectures rurales, la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration\ndurable des EAFGA demeure une pr\u00e9occupation importante. UNICEF\nvient de finaliser une \u00e9valuation formative de son programme de\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration des EAFGA en RCA pour la p\u00e9riode allant de janvier\n2014 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2020. Cette \u00e9valuation a confirm\u00e9 que pour \u00eatre\nsoutenables, ces programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration doivent adresser les\nfacteurs d'attraction et d'incitation au recrutement et \u00e0 l'utilisation\ndes enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s. Des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019interventions\nplus flexibles sont n\u00e9cessaires afin de fournir \u00e0 la fois des services\ndirects aux enfants tout en adressant certains autres facteurs dans\nl\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me dans lequel le recrutement se fait et o\u00f9 les enfants\nsortis des groupes arm\u00e9s sont r\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9s. Un engagement soutenu\navec les familles et communaut\u00e9s est n\u00e9cessaire afin d\u2019influencer\nleur perception et compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019impact des conflits arm\u00e9s sur\nles enfants et leurs r\u00f4les dans la r\u00e9silience des enfants et leur\nprotection contre le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation par les groupes\narm\u00e9s. Cela doit aussi passer par le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des\nfamilles et communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 assurer une prise en charge ad\u00e9quate et\nune protection de base aux enfants, en particulier ceux affect\u00e9s par\nles conflits arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes filles courent des risques particuliers car elles sont souvent\nenlev\u00e9es et utilis\u00e9es comme \u00e9pouses des combattants, exploit\u00e9es\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sexuellement et subissent des grossesses ind\u00e9sir\u00e9es. Lorsqu'elles\nsont d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9es, elles ont davantage de risques d'\u00eatre\nstigmatis\u00e9es, voire rejet\u00e9es par leur communaut\u00e9. Les opportunit\u00e9s\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique\nlimitant les risques de re-recrutement et promouvant la coh\u00e9sion\nsociale restent toutefois limit\u00e9es en RCA \u00e0 cause de la faible\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des ressources financi\u00e8res suffisamment flexibles et\ndans la dur\u00e9e.\n\n##### 4.4 R\u00e9ponse aux menaces d\u2019\u00e9victions forc\u00e9es des PDI\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse apport\u00e9e aux cas des menaces d\u2019\u00e9victions forc\u00e9es des PDI\ns\u2019est faite essentiellement en termes de plaidoyer aux niveaux\nnational et local pour le respect des principes directeurs relatifs aux\nPDI et de soutien et conseils techniques \u00e0 l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays,\naux autorit\u00e9s et aux acteurs humanitaires. Ainsi par exemple, \u00e0 la\nsuite de l\u2019\u00e9viction forc\u00e9e de 8 375 PDI \u00e0 Bambari en juin 2021, le\ncluster protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 pendant plus de 2 semaines pour\napporter un soutien technique aux autorit\u00e9s locales et aux acteurs du\nterrain. Le cluster a produit 2 notes techniques \u00e0 l\u2019intention de\nl\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays. Ce processus a abouti \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation\nde 1872 personnes \u00e0 Pladama-Ouaka.\n\n##### 4.5 Le monitoring de protection\n\nPar ailleurs, les acteurs de monitoring de protection ont renforc\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9ploiement des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de Protection\ncompos\u00e9s de relais communautaires femmes et hommes, et de\ncomit\u00e9s de protection r\u00e9partis dans 57 sous-pr\u00e9fectures. Ces\nstructures communautaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s et outill\u00e9s pour faire la\nsurveillance et la collecte des informations de protection, ainsi que\nles r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements. Un total de 3 016 incidents individuels a \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\n\ncollect\u00e9s et partag\u00e9s, et 56 alertes pour ce qui concerne les menaces\ncollectives, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire celles qui affectent plusieurs personnes ou un\ngroupe de personnes par opposition aux incidents individuels.\n\n#### **5. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS** **PRIORITAIRES**\n\n##### 5.1 Violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n - Renforcer le financement des programmes VBG et investir\ndavantage dans les services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s de gestion de cas de\nVBG avec une approche de prise en charge holistique\nadapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge et au sexe des personnes survivantes. Ces\nprogrammes doivent \u00e9galement avoir des approches de\nmobilisations communautaires ciblant les adolescents ainsi\nqu\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace pour mieux engager les hommes et\nles gar\u00e7ons dans la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux VBG ;\n\n - Accroitre l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services offerts aux personnes\nsurvivantes de VBG en investissant davantage dans le\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s des prestataires de services sur\nla prise en charge multi sectorielle y compris le pr\u00e9positionnement des kits post viols, la conduite des cliniques\nm\u00e9dicales, juridique et gestion de cas mobile ainsi que la\nsupervision et le bien-\u00eatre des prestataires de services\n\n - Renforcer la localisation de la r\u00e9ponse VBG \u00e0 travers un\nfinancement cons\u00e9quent et un renforcement des capacit\u00e9s\nVBG des ONGs locales et des organisations/associations\nf\u00e9minines pouvant offrir un potentiel d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\ncommunaut\u00e9s dans les zones d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9loign\u00e9es et la\ndurabilit\u00e9 des actions de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse aux VBG ;\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - La r\u00e9duction des risques VBG \u00e0 travers le pr\u00e9-positionnement\ndes kits de dignit\u00e9 et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des\nacteurs d\u2019autres clusters sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des actions\nminimales de r\u00e9duction de risques VBG/EAS dans leurs\ninterventions\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019autonomisation \u00e9conomique des femmes et des\njeunes afin de contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques de l\u2019utilisation\ndes strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives y compris les violences\nsexuelles, mariage forc\u00e9/pr\u00e9coce, le sexe pour la survie, l\u2019EAS\net la violence conjugale.\n\n##### 5.2 Attaques sur les infrastructures de sant\u00e9\n\n - Continuer \u00e0 engager les diff\u00e9rents acteurs pertinents, y\ncompris les acteurs arm\u00e9s, sur le respect du Droit\nInternational Humanitaire\n\n##### 5.3 Recrutement et utilisation des enfants par les acteurs arm\u00e9s\n\n - Poursuivre l\u2019approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de protection de tous les\nenfants affect\u00e9s par le conflit, couvrant l\u2019ensemble du\nparcours des enfants, filles et gar\u00e7ons, depuis l\u2019analyse de\nleurs besoins jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de leur prise en charge ;\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s techniques et logistiques des acteurs\ncommunautaires en Protection de l\u2019enfant pour renforcer\nl\u2019environnement protecteur, le bien \u00eatre psychosocial et la\nr\u00e9silience des enfants dans les zones affect\u00e9es ;\n\n - \u00c9largir et am\u00e9liorer la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019identification des EAFGA\npour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s au programme \u00e0 plus d\u2019enfants, filles et\ngar\u00e7ons et faire face aux d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la nouvelle\ndynamique du conflit ;\n\n - Renforcer la dimension sociale du soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9insertion\nsocio-\u00e9conomique des EAFGA pour assurer une meilleure\nefficacit\u00e9 et durabilit\u00e9 des efforts entrepris, en impliquant de\n\n\n\nmani\u00e8re plus significative les enfants, les familles, les services\n\u00e9tatiques, et les communaut\u00e9s dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration et la mise\nen \u0153uvre du programme\n\n - Intensifier des campagnes d\u2019information aupr\u00e8s des forces\nde d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, des communaut\u00e9s et des enfants\npour la pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019utilisation des enfants et le processus\nde lib\u00e9ration et d\u2019accueil des EAFGA en int\u00e9grant une\napproche de communication pour le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0\ntravers un dialogue social avec toutes les parties prenantes\n\n - Promouvoir la mobilisation de financements flexibles d\u2019une\ndur\u00e9e de 12 \u00e0 18 mois minimum, afin de pouvoir d\u00e9ployer\nl\u2019ensemble des soutiens qui renforcent les chances d\u2019une\nr\u00e9insertion durables des enfants, filles et gar\u00e7ons.\n\n - Promouvoir des approches intersectorielles face \u00e0 une\nsituation d\u2019urgence de plus en plus complexe afin de\ndiminuer les recours aux strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives\npour la protection des enfants.\n\n##### 5.4 Eviction forc\u00e9e des PDI et s\u00e9paration familiale\n\n - En collaboration avec le Cluster CCCM, \u00e9laborer une liste des\npropri\u00e9taires de terrain sur lesquels sont \u00e9tablis l\u2019ensemble\ndes sites PDI\n\n - En collaboration avec le Cluster CCCM et les clusters sousnationaux, identifier tous les sites sur lesquels il y a menaces\nd\u2019\u00e9viction ou d\u2019autres sites potentiels o\u00f9 il y aurait des\nmenaces en vue\n\n - Mobiliser les autorit\u00e9s nationales et l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire\nPays pour engager un dialogue avec les propri\u00e9taires de\nterrain des sites \u00e0 risque afin de promouvoir le respect des\nprincipes directeurs relatifs aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans\nleur propre pays pour att\u00e9nuer les risques d\u2019\u00e9viction forc\u00e9e\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Mobiliser les autorit\u00e9s nationales et le Groupe de Travail\nSolutions Durables afin d\u2019engager le processus de recherche\nde solutions et le dialogue avec les PDI et tous les autres\nacteurs pertinents, conform\u00e9ment aux principes pertinents\nde protection\n\n- En collaboration avec le Cluster CCCM, donner la priorit\u00e9 aux\nENAS pour un acc\u00e8s \u00e9gal et s\u00fbr \u00e0 l\u2019assistance, \u00e0 la protection\net aux services.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0934591c-4336-4761-97e8-0ac6cc8aa704/R%C3%A9publique%20Centrafricaine%20-%20Analyse%20de%20protection%2C%20juillet%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_585/raw/doc_585_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_585/raw/doc_585_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4b096f0bd96a53b3c6cdeb7fb9a64d1a0da65c3c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_585/raw/doc_585_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nAu courant du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024, le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection\n(d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur 30 territoires des provinces affect\u00e9es par les conflits en\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo) a rapport\u00e9 environ **5 347**\nviolations/abus des droits humains, dont au moins **252** homicides, **1 013**\nvictimes de coups et blessures, **66** victimes de torture et traitements\ninhumains, **284** cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **192** cas de travaux forc\u00e9s,\n**558** all\u00e9gations de VBG dont **238** all\u00e9gations de viols et **98** all\u00e9gations de\nviolations graves aux droits de l'enfant. Les violations et abus rapport\u00e9s\nconcernent **14 209** victimes, dont **6 367** femmes, **7 258** hommes et **594**\nenfants.\n\n\nSelon le Bulletin d\u2019information du domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 Violences\nBas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG), au cours du premier semestre 2024, 61 346\nsurvivants de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us dans les services de prise en charge\nholistique selon leurs besoins. Parmi ces personnes, les femmes et filles,\nconstituent 89 % et 11% d\u2019hommes. De plus, la province du Nord-Kivu\nregroupe la majorit\u00e9 des zones confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une situation catastrophique\nen mati\u00e8re de risques de VBG. [1]\n\n\nCi-apr\u00e8s les faits marquants enregistr\u00e9s dans la p\u00e9riode :\n\n\n- Dans la province de l\u2019 **Ituri,** la situation de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par\nun regain de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la violence notamment dans les territoires\nde Djugu, Irumu, Mahagi et Mambasa. Tandis que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nCODECO/URDPC et Za\u00efre se sont particuli\u00e8rement illustr\u00e9s dans la\ncommission d\u2019abus aux droits humains dans le territoire de Djugu, ceux\ndu groupe arm\u00e9 des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es (ADF) ont manifest\u00e9\nleur activisme dans les territoires Irumu et Mambasa o\u00f9, en d\u00e9pit des\nop\u00e9rations des Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo (FARDC)/ Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF), ils ont\ncontinu\u00e9 \u00e0 commettre des abus sur les populations civiles.\n\n\n1 [https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-bulletin-dinformation-du-gbv-aor-avril-juin-t2-2024-ao\u00fbt-2024)\n[democratique-du-congo-bulletin-dinformation-du-gbv-aor-avril-juin-t2-2024-ao\u00fbt-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-bulletin-dinformation-du-gbv-aor-avril-juin-t2-2024-ao\u00fbt-2024)\n[2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-bulletin-dinformation-du-gbv-aor-avril-juin-t2-2024-ao\u00fbt-2024)\n\n\n\n\n- Il y a eu poursuite des affrontements entre le Mouvement du 23 mars\n(M23), d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC dans la province du **Nord**\n**Kivu**, notamment dans les territoires de Masisi, Rutshuru et Lubero. Les\nattaques des ADF continuent au nord de Beni, dans le groupement de\nBatangi Mbau. De plus, une certaine accalmie a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e sur\ncertaines lignes de front, permettant des mouvements de retour\nprogressifs des personnes au nord-ouest de Rutshuru et au sud-est de\nMasisi.\n\n\n- La province du **Sud Kivu** continue d\u2019accueillir des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes en provenance du Nord Kivu \u00e0 la suite d\u2019affrontements entre le\nM23 et les Forces arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC) et alli\u00e9s le territoire de Masisi. Dans la partie nord du territoire\nde Kalehe, des probl\u00e8mes de cohabitation entre les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et\nles membres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te se posent en raison des conflits\nli\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et autres ressources qui sont devenues de plus\nen plus insuffisantes. La pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s\naurait entrain\u00e9 l\u2019accroissement de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines localit\u00e9s\ndes Hauts et Moyens Plateaux du territoire de Kalehe, y compris la partie\nnord de Kalehe.\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, la situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection\na \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 d\u2019une part par la suite de l\u2019activisme des milices et\ngroupes arm\u00e9s sur quelques axes de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kalemie et\ncelle Nyemba ; et d\u2019autre part on signale en m\u00eame temps la reddition de\ncertains \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s, \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019appel lanc\u00e9 \u00e0 ces\nderniers par le Gouverneur de la province. La situation dans le territoire\nde Kongolo reste toujours pr\u00e9occupante en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la\nprovince du Maniema qui occasionne de mouvement de population vers\nle territoire de Kongolo.\n\n\n- Une criminalit\u00e9 grandissante perturbe les habitants de la province du\n**Kasa\u00ef** pendant que les miliciens Mobondos sont toujours actifs dans les\nprovinces de **Ma\u00ef-Ndomb\u00e9, Kwango, Kwilu** et **Kinshasa** o\u00f9 des\nenl\u00e8vements, extorsions de bien, crimes atroces sont commis.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024** **Aper\u00e7u des violations et abus des droits pour ao\u00fbt 2024**\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [2]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Province de l'ITURI**\n\n\n**Province de Haut-Uele**\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[3]_ _en Ituri et Haut Uele_\n\n- Durant le mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024, ce sont **2,570** violations et abus des droits\nhumains qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de\nprotection contre **953 cas** au mois de juillet 2024. Ces chiffres\nrepr\u00e9sentent une **augmentation de 1,617 cas** (169%) d\u2019atteintes et de\nviolations des droits humains, en comparaison \u00e0 la situation qui a pr\u00e9valu\ndurant le mois de juillet 2024. Cette situation peut s\u2019expliquer non\nseulement par la recrudescence de la violence dans les 04 territoires les\nplus affect\u00e9s par la crise en Ituri mais aussi par une recrudescence des\nabus perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre les populations civiles dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s du\nterritoire Irumu par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF lors de leur mouvement de fuite\nface aux op\u00e9rations de la force mutualis\u00e9e FARDC/UPDF dans ce\nterritoire de la province de l\u2019Ituri.\n\n\n2 Rapports hebdomadaires monitoring de protection, UNHCR &INTERSOS et diverses alertes,\nnotes et Flash info re\u00e7us en aout 2024\n\n\n\nOutre cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment, il convient de relever que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF ont\n\u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de nombreux cas d\u2019abus contre la population\ncivile dans le territoire de Mambasa en r\u00e9action aux op\u00e9rations de la\nforce mutualis\u00e9e FARDC/UPDF dans cette partie de la province de l\u2019Ituri.\nEnfin, un incident de protection survenu dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nTchomia le 31 juillet 2024 a eu des incidences qui se sont observ\u00e9es\ndurant les premiers jours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024. Il s\u2019agit notamment des\nmouvements de populations forc\u00e9s vers les territoires Mahagi et Irumu,\navec plusieurs cas d\u2019abus et de violations des droits humains\ndocument\u00e9s dans ces territoires durant cette p\u00e9riode.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Bien que les actes de violence observ\u00e9s le 31 juillet 2024 ait cess\u00e9 pour\nlaisser place \u00e0 une relative accalmie, la situation de protection des civils\ndemeurent pr\u00e9occupante dans le territoire de Djugu en raison du fort taux\nd\u2019abus et de violations des droits humains qui y a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9\ndurant le mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024. En effet, le 19 ao\u00fbt, un affrontement entre\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense du Peuple\nCongolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo\n(CODECO/URDPC) et ceux de la Force Patriotique Int\u00e9grationniste du\nCongo (FPIC) a eu comme cons\u00e9quences le meurtre de 03 personnes\net l\u2019incendie de l\u2019\u00e9cole dans le village Akuli en zone de sant\u00e9 de Kilo, \u00e0\nla limite du territoire de Djugu et Irumu.\n\n\n- Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la CODECO/URDPC seraient auteurs de 37%\nd\u2019abus des droits de l\u2019homme enregistr\u00e9s dans la province au mois\nd\u2019aout, parmi lesquels des extorsions, pillages, travaux forc\u00e9s\u2026\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 24 ao\u00fbt, pendant plusieurs heures, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nse sont rassembl\u00e9s au village Bapu, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Drodro,\ncontraignant les motards au paiement d\u2019une somme variant de 3,000 \u00e0\n12,000 FC. Ils ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de m\u00eame dans les zones environnantes,\ncr\u00e9ant une psychose au sein des populations.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Le territoire Irumu reste marqu\u00e9 par les op\u00e9rations de la force mutualis\u00e9e\nFARDC/UPDF contre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF. Dans leur fuite vers les\n\n\n3 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\nprofondeurs des zones de sant\u00e9 de Komanda et de Boga, ainsi que vers\nla limite administrative entre la province de l\u2019Ituri et celle du Nord-Kivu,\nces derniers commettent de nombreux abus aux droits fondamentaux\ndes populations civiles notamment dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda\net sur la route nationale n [o] 4. De m\u00eame, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9\nForce de r\u00e9sistance patriotique de l'Ituri (FRPI) sont cit\u00e9s comme auteurs\nde plusieurs cas d\u2019abus aux droits humains document\u00e9s. A titre\nd\u2019illustration, le 11 ao\u00fbt 2024, 05 pygm\u00e9es \u00e0 la recherche de vivres dans\ndes champs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF\ndans la localit\u00e9 de Bobwa.\n\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la FRPI seraient auteurs d\u2019abus des droits\nhumains sur les civils (coups et blessures, arrestations arbitraires et\nextorsions de biens) dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Gety et une partie de\ncelle de Boga.\n\n\nCeux-ci auraient tendu une embuscade sur la route contre une voiture\nqui serait en provenance de Bunia pour Boga, le 19 ao\u00fbt. Au cours de\ncette embuscade ils auraient bless\u00e9 des passagers du v\u00e9hicule et pill\u00e9\nune somme de 306 dollars am\u00e9ricains et 3 t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables de 4\nfemmes et un homme.\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n- En d\u00e9pit des op\u00e9rations de la force mutualis\u00e9e FARDC/UPDF contre les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF, ce groupe arm\u00e9 demeure particuli\u00e8rement actif dans\nle territoire de Mambasa o\u00f9 il est auteur de plusieurs cas d\u2019abus des\ndroits humains commis sur les populations civiles qui sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement\nvictimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, extorsions au cours d\u2019embuscades.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, au cours d\u2019une embuscade, 2 femmes retourn\u00e9es qui\nse rendaient aux champs au village de Mambau, dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nde Mandima, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs.\n\n\nLe 26 ao\u00fbt 2024, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s des ADF ont fait une\nincursion dans la localit\u00e9 de Bahaha 1, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Lolwa.\nAu cours de cette incursion, les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nauteurs des meurtres de 3 personnes, d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 14 autres, de\n\n\n4 Voir rapport mensuel Monitoring de Protection, Province de l\u2019Ituri, Zones de\nsant\u00e9 de Angumu et Logo, Ao\u00fbt 2024, Conseil Danois pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (DRC)\n\n\n\npillage et incendie de 8 boutiques, d\u2019incendie d\u2019une structure sanitaire,\nde 23 maisons, 24 motos et 1 v\u00e9hicule.\n\n\n- Dans la localit\u00e9 de Bahaha 1, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des ADF ont pill\u00e9\ndes produits pharmaceutiques et commettent des enl\u00e8vements\nparticuli\u00e8rement des membres du corps soignant qualifi\u00e9s, afin que ceuxci soignent leurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments bless\u00e9s lors des op\u00e9rations militaires.\n\n\n- Dans le village situ\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 165 km \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de Mambasa dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Nia-Nia, les populations sont expos\u00e9es aux engins non\nexplosifs. Le 18 ao\u00fbt 2024, une grenade aurait explos\u00e9 entre les mains\nde deux enfants r\u00e9sidents dont l\u2019\u00e2ge varie entre 12 et 15 ans dans un\ncarr\u00e9 minier se trouvant \u00e0 Muchachan ; l\u2019enfant de 15 ans serait d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9\nsur le champ, tandis qu'un autre gar\u00e7on d'environ 12 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 gravement\nbless\u00e9 avec le pied gauche amput\u00e9.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Une inqui\u00e9tude a fait suite \u00e0 l\u2019attaque des positions des militaires des\nForces arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) par\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 ZAIRE du 31 juillet 2024. Craignant des\nprobables repr\u00e9sailles des militaires FARDC ou des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de Za\u00efre,\nune arriv\u00e9e de pr\u00e8s de 997 m\u00e9nages des personnes a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans\nle territoire de Mahagi, chefferie de Mokambu en provenance de\nTchomia, chefferie de Bahema Banywagi, territoire de Djugu et Kasenyi,\nchefferie des Bahema sud, en territoire d\u2019Irumu.\n\n\n- En d\u00e9pit des actions prises pour le renforcement du dispositif s\u00e9curitaire\npar les FARDC afin de r\u00e9duire les capacit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Aungba et y ramener la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la situation demeure\npr\u00e9occupante dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Logo, Kambala et Angumu [4]\no\u00f9 plusieurs cas d\u2019abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s sur les populations civiles par\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 CODECO/URDPC qui tendent des\nembuscades contre la population, notamment dans la localit\u00e9 de Kingili\n(zone de sante d\u2019Aungba), \u00e0 Gotsi, localit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nKambala.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- La situation de protection des acteurs humanitaires devient de plus en\nplus pr\u00e9occupante depuis le mois de mai 2024 du fait de cambriolages\nciblant les bases, sous-bases, bureaux des organisations humanitaires,\nentreprises partenaires, r\u00e9sidences de certains humanitaires. Cette\nsituation pourrait restreindre les mouvements des acteurs humanitaires\ndans la zone par crainte pour leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et ainsi exposer les\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires vuln\u00e9rables au manque d\u2019assistance.\n\n\nLe 12 ao\u00fbt 2024, dans le groupement Djupakanya de la chefferie des\nAlur Djuganda en zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Aungba, deux (2) agents humanitaires\nen service ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de coups et blessures par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nbandits arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Les populations de la localit\u00e9 de Yabatsi, \u00e0 8 km au nord de Kambala,\nau sein du groupement ADRA, dans la chefferie de Walendu-Watsi, zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Kambala, subissent des arrestations arbitraires et l\u2019exigence\nde paiements d\u2019amendes de la part de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC.\n\n\nA tire d\u2019exemple, le 20 ao\u00fbt 2024, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que des individus\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC auraient arbitrairement\narr\u00eat\u00e9 et impos\u00e9 une amende de 18 USD \u00e0 deux r\u00e9sidents.\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\nEn ao\u00fbt 2024, environ **1 219** violations/abus des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de protection dans le Nord Kivu.\nUne augmentation de plus de **401** cas ( **49%** ) a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e par rapport au\nmois de juillet avec **818** cas.\n\nLe dernier rapport du Service de Lutte Antimines des Nations Unies\n(UNMAS) [5] renseigne que les incidents caus\u00e9s par les engins explosifs\nimprovis\u00e9s (IED) ont connu une augmentation significative en 2024 avec une\nsophistication croissante des tactiques employ\u00e9es.\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s limite aux zones de conflit restreint l\u2019action d\u2019UNMAS sur le terrain.\n\n**BENI**\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une coalition de groupes arm\u00e9s a continu\u00e9 de\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Beni. Des abus des droits humains sont toujours\nsignal\u00e9s et attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 ; des meurtres de\ncivils et la destruction de biens de civils sont enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Les attaques des ADF se poursuivent dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha,\nnotamment dans le groupement Batangi Mbau.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, les 9 et 10 ao\u00fbt 2024, des ADF ont simultan\u00e9ment\nattaqu\u00e9 les villages Mukondi et Bayeti. Au cours de ces attaques 18\nretourn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, 14 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s au village Mukondi.\n\n\nLe 12 ao\u00fbt 2024, des ADF ont fait une incursion au village Mamove, o\u00f9\nils ont tu\u00e9 par balle 5 retourn\u00e9s qui se trouvaient pour les uns \u00e0 leurs\ndomiciles, pour d\u2019autres dans la brousse alors qu\u2019elles se rendaient aux\nchamps.\n\n\n- La coalition FARDC-UPDF contre un groupe arm\u00e9 continue d\u2019avoir un\nimpact sur la protection des civils ; une r\u00e9duction des attaques a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9 dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mabalako.\n\n\nLe 27 ao\u00fbt, la coalition FARDC-UPDF aurait remis 44 otages (24 enfants,\n16 femmes, 4 hommes) de ce groupe arm\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s territoriales.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Factsheet Lutte antimines aout 2024\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- La scission d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 de nouveaux affrontements et\nil a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation de 8 enfants dans l\u2019un de ces\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans le but d\u2019\u00e9toffer leur rang, dans la p\u00e9riode du 1 [er] au\n9 ao\u00fbt.\n\n\n- Le 7 ao\u00fbt, au sud de Lubero, environ 47 maisons appartenant \u00e0 des civils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23, qui accusent la\npopulation du village de Ndwali d'h\u00e9berger des membres d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 rival. Ces attaques ont provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d'environ 77\nm\u00e9nages vers des familles d'accueil dans la commune de\nKanyabayonga.\n\n\n- Des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s entre \u00e9l\u00e9ments de deux groupes\narmes locaux qui se disputent la perception de taxes zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMusienene.\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs de guerre dans les zones de combats\ncontinue de causer des victimes. Le 27 ao\u00fbt, quatre enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9s et deux femmes bless\u00e9es par les \u00e9clats d\u2019un engin explosif au\nvillage de Kikuvo, regroupement de Musindif.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Les affrontements entre le Mouvement du 23 mars (M23), d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, et les FARDC se poursuivent dans le territoire, exposant\nles civils \u00e0 diverses violations des droits de l'homme et provoquant des\nd\u00e9placements de populations et ce, malgr\u00e9 la tr\u00eave humanitaire.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s sur les routes de Masisi accro\u00eet\nle risque d'embuscades, accompagn\u00e9 d'autres violations des droits\nhumains.\n\n- Au centre de Masisi, la violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites\ncontinue d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt. Du 2 au 7 ao\u00fbt, au moins 14\nincursions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rents sites. Au moins 27\nhuttes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es et un homme PDI aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9. Il aurait\n\u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le paiement d\u2019une ran\u00e7on.\n\n\n- De m\u00eame, sur l'axe Masisi, plus particuli\u00e8rement dans le groupement\nBapfuna, des entraves \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire sont constat\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n\n- Le 4 ao\u00fbt, 5 agents d\u2019une organisation \u00e0 base communautaire\nsensibilisant sur les th\u00e9matiques des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n(VBG) au groupement Bapfuna auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nd\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Ce groupe arm\u00e9 aurait ordonn\u00e9 la d\u00e9molition de tous\nles points d'\u00e9coute, construits par cette organisation dans la zone et\ndestin\u00e9s \u00e0 la prise en charge psychosociale des survivants.\n\n\n- \u00c0 Nyamitaba, des pillages de b\u00e9tail (environ 50 vaches) par des groupes\narm\u00e9s risquent d\u2019aggraver un conflit intercommunautaire d\u00e9j\u00e0 latent sur\nles parties de Burungu et Nyamitaba, en groupement Bashali-Kaembe.\nPar crainte de repr\u00e9sailles, environ 211 m\u00e9nages de la zone se seraient\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9ventivement vers Kitshanga, Busihe, et Masisi centre.\n\n\n- Dans ce m\u00eame groupement, des affrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un\ngroupe arm\u00e9 et d'autres groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s en fin de\np\u00e9riode, entra\u00eenant le d\u00e9placement d'environ 1 488 m\u00e9nages de 7 440\nindividus vers diff\u00e9rentes directions.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Les affrontements ont repris sur l'axe Kiwanja-Ishasha, dans le\ngroupement Binza. Selon diff\u00e9rentes sources locales, les attaques\nauraient provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019un certain nombre de personnes\nvers l\u2019Ouganda. Par ailleurs, des repr\u00e9sailles graves perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des Forces d\u00e9mocratiques de lib\u00e9ration du Rwanda\n(FDLR) et M23 contre les civils continuent d'y \u00eatre signal\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Les civils continuent de subir des repr\u00e9sailles lors des incursions men\u00e9es\npar des groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment dans le nord-ouest du territoire.\n\n\nCependant, un mouvement de retour est \u00e9galement observ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de\nla 3 [e] semaine du mois dans cette r\u00e9gion, li\u00e9 \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode d'accalmie\nrelative dans les combats entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s : Du 18 au\n20 ao\u00fbt, environ 307 m\u00e9nages/1 535 individus, accueillis dans le village\nde Kighala, seraient retourn\u00e9s dans leurs villages d\u2019origine. Ces familles\navaient fui les affrontements de juin entre diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Au cours de la derni\u00e8re partie du mois, entre le 23 et le 27 ao\u00fbt, un retour\nprogressif d\u2019environ 770 m\u00e9nages de 3 850 personnes s'est observ\u00e9\ndans la partie nord du territoire, en raison d\u2019une accalmie relative dans\nles zones de retour \u00e0 Bundase, Ruza, Kabizo, en groupement Mutanda.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- Une recrudescence de la criminalit\u00e9 aliment\u00e9e par la prolif\u00e9ration des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s est constat\u00e9e \u00e0 Nyiragongo et \u00e0 Goma.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, dans la nuit du 4 au 5 ao\u00fbt, une centaine de maisons\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es par des hommes arm\u00e9s dans cinq quartiers de la ville. Les\nportes de ces maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites avant les pillages.\n\n\n- Le caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de Goma et Nyiragongo est\ntoujours compromis.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 4 ao\u00fbt, deux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, dont\nune femme, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es \u00e0 la machette lors d'une incursion dans le\nsite de Rego dans la commune de Goma.\nLe 20 ao\u00fbt, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient de nouveau fait\nirruption sur le site de Rusayo 2.\nAu cours de cette incursion, un gardien d'une clinique mobile appartenant\n\u00e0 une organisation non-gouvernementale internationale aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9\npuis lib\u00e9r\u00e9 le 22 ao\u00fbt apr\u00e8s le paiement d'une ran\u00e7on.\n\n\nEn outre, des acteurs arm\u00e9s auraient men\u00e9 des incursions dans les sites\nde Rusayo extension et Rusayo 1 les 25 et 28 ao\u00fbt ; deux personnes ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es au cours de ces incursions.\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\nIl est \u00e0 noter que ces donn\u00e9es sont tr\u00e8s loin de refl\u00e9ter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 car le\nmonitoring de protection est tr\u00e8s limite g\u00e9ographiquement. Des dispositions\nsont en cours afin de garantir une couverture plus large du monitoring de\nprotection.\n\n\nAu cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt, **367** violations/abus des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de protection contre **324** cas au\nmois de juillet 2024. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentent une augmentation de 43\nviolations/abus des droits humains, soit pr\u00e8s de 13% en plus.\n\n\nPlus de 58% des cas rapport\u00e9s ont eu lieu dans le territoire de Kalehe suivi\nde celui d\u2019Uvira (21%) et de Fizi (21%). Les PDIs et les r\u00e9sidents demeurent\nles plus affect\u00e9s par ces abus/violations commis \u00e0 60% par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\narm\u00e9s Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- En d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, les affrontements entre les FARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\ndu M23 dans le territoire de Masisi auraient eu pour cons\u00e9quence, entre\nautres, un grand mouvement d\u2019environ **1 310 m\u00e9nages** des PDIs en\nprovenance du territoire de Masisi (Bitonga, Rubaya, Ngungu et Karuba).\nCes PDIs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis entre les 28 juillet et 08 ao\u00fbt 2024 dans\ndiff\u00e9rents sites spontan\u00e9s (Kisongati, Nyakagezi, Kaloba et Murambi) et\nd\u2019autres m\u00e9nages se seraient install\u00e9s dans des \u00e9coles et des \u00e9glises\nlocales dans le groupement de Buzi.\n\n\n- Une relative accalmie a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e en d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode dans la partie\nnord du territoire depuis le d\u00e9clanchement de la tr\u00eave entre FARDC et\nM23. Pendant la p\u00e9riode de tr\u00eave, il y aurait eu, d\u2019une part, un\nrenforcement des effectifs militaires des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s et, d\u2019autre part, l\u2019on\na observ\u00e9 un retour de quelques organisations humanitaires,\npositionn\u00e9es pour la continuit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s d\u2019aide humanitaire aux PDIs\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Minova.\n\n\n- Le 13 ao\u00fbt, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 un incendie qui a consum\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 284 abris\ndu site spontan\u00e9 de Bugeri. Ce site comptait 2 055 m\u00e9nages venus de\nMasisi dans le Nord Kivu. Plusieurs biens mat\u00e9riels ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9\nconsum\u00e9s et la majorit\u00e9 des sinistr\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentaient des besoins en abris,\narticles m\u00e9nagers essentiels.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus des droits en ao\u00fbt 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violation**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violation**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violation**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la vie et**
**l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Violations**
**1612**|**All\u00e9gations**
**VBG**|**Total**|\n|**Fizi**|26|12|29|1|10|**_78_**|\n|**Kalehe**|78|45|45|31|14|**_213_**|\n|**Uvira**|26|7|19|0|24|**_76_**|\n|**Total**|**129**|**64**|**93**|**32**|**48**|**_367_**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Les femmes et filles du territoire \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 vaquer aux\ntravaux champ\u00eatres en dehors des domiciles, au risque d\u2019\u00eatre victimes\nde viols et autres exactions (extorsions, enl\u00e8vement, tortures, etc.).\n\n\nLe 12 ao\u00fbt, 4 filles 5 qui se rendaient vers une source d\u2019eau, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nviol\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Dans le regroupement de\nZiralo, trois femmes et une jeune fille auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9es par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 quand elles retournaient du champ dans un\nvillage du groupement de Ziralo, le 13 ao\u00fbt 2024. Ces hommes arm\u00e9s\nles auraient viol\u00e9es et abandonn\u00e9es sur place.\n\n\nEn outre, le 27 ao\u00fbt 2024, une jeune fille aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e et abus\u00e9e\nsexuellement par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9, pendant qu\u2019elle\nrentrait d\u2019un champ, \u00e0 l\u2019Est de la cit\u00e9 de Minova en groupement de Buzi.\n\n- Dans la partie nord du territoire de Kalehe, la cohabitation avec les\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te est mise en mal du fait de la pr\u00e9sence\ndes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, arriv\u00e9es depuis le mois de f\u00e9vrier\n2023 et qui engendrerait des probl\u00e8mes de cohabitation avec les\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te, du fait qu\u2019elles doivent se partager les\nressources d\u00e9j\u00e0 insuffisantes pour elle-m\u00eame avec les PDIs. L\u2019on\nconstate des conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre pour les PDIs, des\ndivergences entre ces derni\u00e8res et les familles d\u2019accueil \u00e0 cause de\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base difficile pour les PDIs et d\u00e9sormais,\npour la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te \u00e9galement. Le manque des moyens de\nsubsistance oblige les PDIs \u00e0 se ressourcer dans les champs des\npopulations locales en recourant parfois au vol.\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s/Wazalendo en tenues civiles, sur la\npartie littorale nord, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nundu, ne rassure pas la\npopulation civile qui ne peut pas distinguer les \u00e9l\u00e9ments/Wazalendo aux\nvoleurs \u00e0 mains arm\u00e9es (coupeurs de route).\n\n- Diverses sources rapportent le maintien de barri\u00e8res payantes qui\nseraient \u00e9rig\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s/Wazalendo sur plusieurs axes\ndes villages Ilakala, Munene et Pemba, secteur de Tanganyika.\n\n\nCeux qui ne payent pas la somme exig\u00e9e (1 000 FC) se voient imposer\ndes travaux. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s seraient positionn\u00e9s sur les diff\u00e9rentes\nroutes de desserte agricole, surtout les jours de march\u00e9, pour ran\u00e7onner\n\n\n\nen vivres et non vivres, la population exer\u00e7ant le petit commerce et les\ntravaux champ\u00eatres.\n\n\n- Depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, la population du territoire de Fizi et ses\nenvirons, est expos\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des **restes de guerre non**\n**explos\u00e9s** . Plusieurs villages des Hauts et Moyens Plateaux Plateaux, et\nceux sur la partie littorale de ce territoire notamment Kilicha, Bwala,\nRugezi, Bigaragara, Ilambo, Milimba, Mukera et d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ntransform\u00e9s en positions militaires \u00e0 partir desquelles, se coordonnent\ndes attaques des FARDC contre les groupes arm\u00e9s. Ce territoire \u00e0\nvocation agro- pastorale est marqu\u00e9 par des mouvements des civils, en\nparticulier les femmes et les enfants, en qu\u00eate des moyens de survie, ce\nqui les expose \u00e0 des explosions des restes de guerre non explos\u00e9s.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Certains quartiers continuent d\u2019\u00eatre sous la menace d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s\nnon identifi\u00e9s qui ciblent des civils. A titre d\u2019exemple, des inconnus arm\u00e9s\nauraient investi, le 4 ao\u00fbt 2024, le domicile d\u2019une r\u00e9sidente au Quartier\nKakombe/Uvira et l\u2019ont abattu. Cette pratique serait beaucoup plus en\nguise de r\u00e8glements de compte issu des conflits fonciers.\n\n- Plusieurs tensions dans la r\u00e9gion se fondent sur le conflit foncier et\nintercommunautaire depuis plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie. En fin de p\u00e9riode, une\ntension s\u2019est observ\u00e9e dans la cit\u00e9 de Sange sur la RN5, o\u00f9 la population\na manifest\u00e9 contre une d\u00e9cision des autorit\u00e9s locales qui auraient\noctroy\u00e9 des espaces de terre dans un quartier de Sange \u00e0 certaines\npersonnes vivant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, alors que lesdits espaces appartiendraient\naux particuliers, qui d\u2019ailleurs poss\u00e8deraient des titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\nCons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 cette situation, les activit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques\navaient \u00e9t\u00e9 paralys\u00e9es, des civils gravement bless\u00e9s et quatre maisons\nincendi\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsions des biens et d\u2019abus sexuels sont\ndocument\u00e9s, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment sur le tron\u00e7on Rubanga-NyamutiriBwegera-Lemera, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence permanente des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une\nfaction d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 dans les p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries de ces villages inqui\u00e8te\nles habitants et beaucoup plus ceux qui fr\u00e9quentent le march\u00e9 de\nRubanga.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU KASA\u00cf\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Province Violations et abus des droits en ao\u00fbt 2024
Violation
Violation Violation
du droit \u00e0
Conflits du droit du droit All\u00e9gations
la vie et Total
fonciers \u00e0 la \u00e0 la VBG
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
libert\u00e9 propri\u00e9t\u00e9
physique|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province**

**Violations et abus des droits en ao\u00fbt 2024**

Conflits
fonciers
Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9
Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
VBG
Total|Conflits
fonciers|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|Total|\n|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|**Kasai**
5
19
61
67
67
**_189_**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[6]_\n\n\n**KASAI** **[7]**\n\n- En d\u00e9pit du nombre d\u2019incident qui est \u00e0 la baisse par rapport \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dant, la situation de protection ne s\u2019am\u00e9liore pas dans la province\ndu Kasa\u00ef o\u00f9 l\u2019on note toujours la recrudescence des violations de droits\nhumains, notamment des cambriolages dans la ville de Tshikapa et ses\nenvirons, qui seraient commis par des hommes identifi\u00e9s en uniforme de\nla police et de FARDC s\u00e8ment la terreur dans la ville de Tshikapa en\ns\u2019introduisant dans les domiciles des particuliers la nuit. Non seulement\nles victimes sont d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de leurs biens, mais les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s malfrats\nproc\u00e8dent \u00e9galement aux actes de tortures, viols des femmes et filles\nqu\u2019ils trouvent dans les maisons visit\u00e9es.\n\n\n- La commune de Kanzala est rest\u00e9e l\u2019\u00e9picentre de ces exactions au\ncourant du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt, suivie de Dibumba1, Mabondo, etc. Cette\nsituation inqui\u00e8te les habitants, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que la mont\u00e9e de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans la ville est exponentielle. Aucune mesure \u00e9vidente prise par les\nautorit\u00e9s n\u2019est observ\u00e9e pour pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la population et\nleurs biens. A Kanzala, plusieurs incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Dans les territoires de Kamonia et Luebo, la pr\u00e9sence des coupeurs de\nroutes et des bandits arm\u00e9s est signal\u00e9e. Ces derniers ont commis des\nbraquages et port\u00e9 atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique des personnes sur\n\n\n6 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nplusieurs axes, par exemple, le 03 ao\u00fbt 2024 sur le tron\u00e7on Sha Mutoma\net la bifurcation de Mungamba, non loin de Kamonia cit\u00e9.\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Luebo, secteur de Luebo Lulengele, un trafiquant de\ndiamant a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu et ses biens emport\u00e9s le 06 ao\u00fbt entre le village\nMUANYIKI et le Groupement BAKUA META. Plusieurs cas de meurtres\nsont enregistr\u00e9s dans les m\u00eames circonstances sur ce tron\u00e7on dans les\nm\u00eames circonstances.\n\n\n- A Nsumbula, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kamonia, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par\ndes bandits persiste. Ces derniers s\u2019en prennent aux femmes qui se\nrendent au champ.\n\n\n- **Kamako :** En ao\u00fbt, 1 116 Congolais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9s de l\u2019Angola \u00e0\ntravers le poste frontalier de Kamako. L\u2019on note aussi le retour spontan\u00e9\nen RDC de Congolais en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re en Angola.\n\n## PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n|Provinces Violations et abus des droits en ao\u00fbt 2024
Violation Violation Violation du
Conflits du droit du droit droit \u00e0 la vie Total
VBG
fonciers \u00e0 la \u00e0 la et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
libert\u00e9 propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physique|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|\n|**Bagata**|0|0|39|15|3|57|\n|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|\n|**Kwamouth**|0|0|24|21|5|50|\n|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|\n|**Maluku**|0|7|39|29|12|87|\n|**Total**|**0 **|**7 **|**102**|**65**|**20**|**194**|\n\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- Les miliciens Mobondo et le banditisme urbain sont les principaux\nfacteurs d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la province. Les miliciens op\u00e8rent dans les\n\n\n7 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasa\u00ef mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024_UNHCR et Kadima\nFoundation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\nterritoires de Kenge et Popokaba alors que le banditisme urbain\naugmente dans la ville de Kenge et les cinq territoires.\n\n\n- Des groupes de bandits d\u00e9nomm\u00e9s Kulunas et repartis en sous-groupes\nop\u00e8rent dans des communes ou ils s\u00e8ment la terreur aupr\u00e8s des\npopulations. Les miliciens Mobondos confisquent les biens, prennent en\notage ou tuent des civils. A Popokabaka (Kwango), le 24 ao\u00fbt, un\nDirecteur de l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire et un notable du village Ipongi ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenlev\u00e9s par des miliciens Mobondo et leur situation reste inconnue.\n\n\n- Le territoire de Popokabaka, des miliciens Mobondo ont occup\u00e9 le village\nKABAMA le 1 [er] ao\u00fbt. Cette situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019une\ngrande partie des habitants de ce village vers la mission de\nbukangalonzo (secteur de BUKANGALONZO). D\u2019autres habitants ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9s par les miliciens de quitter le village. Des assaillants\nMobondo auraient abus\u00e9 sexuellement 8 femmes dont 3 filles et plus de\n5 personnes seraient tu\u00e9es, toutes de la tribu Teke. Cette localit\u00e9 reste\noccup\u00e9e totalement par des miliciens Mobondo.\n\n\n- Dans le m\u00eame territoire, le 15 ao\u00fbt, le Centre de Sant\u00e9 Lusanga situ\u00e9 \u00e0\n25 kilom\u00e8tres de la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka a \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9 par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nmiliciens. Les infirmiers qui s\u2019y trouvaient auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 molest\u00e9s et\nd\u00e9pouill\u00e9s par les assaillants. Ce centre de sant\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9 car les\nprestataires ne s\u2019y sentaient plus en s\u00e9curit\u00e9. La population de cette\nlocalit\u00e9 devra d\u00e9sormais se rendre \u00e0 Popokabaka, cit\u00e9 \u00e0 25 Km, pour des\nsoins.\n\n\n- Le secteur de Bukangolonzo, commune rurale de Pont Kwango, territoire\nde Kenge, reste le th\u00e9\u00e2tre des exactions commises par des miliciens\nMobondo et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC : meurtre de motards les 22 et 23\nao\u00fbt dans la cit\u00e9 de Pont Kwango.\n\n\n- Dans le Secteur de Bukangalonzo (Kenge), des miliciens Mobondo\nauraient d\u00e9capit\u00e9 une femme dans le champ le 03 ao\u00fbt 2024.\n\n\n- Au village Kingala, toujours dans le secteur de bukangalonzo, un\nv\u00e9hicule est tomb\u00e9 dans une embuscade des assaillants Mobondo le 04\n\n\n8 [https://ehtools.org/uploads/brochures/1481.pdf](https://ehtools.org/uploads/brochures/1481.pdf)\n\n\n\nao\u00fbt. Ce v\u00e9hicule, ainsi que tous les passagers auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en\notage, ramen\u00e9s au village TASHO, quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des miliciens\nMobondo, puis lib\u00e9r\u00e9s le jour suivant apr\u00e8s le versement de la somme\nde 2,000,000 FC.\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- Les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une \u00e9valuation rapide multisectorielle conduite du 20 au\n25 ao\u00fbt 2024 par OCHA et quelques partenaires (Canacu, Cause Rurale,\netc.) [8] dans la Zone de sant\u00e9 de Kwamouth, dans des villages situ\u00e9s sur\nla route nationale num\u00e9ro dix-sept (RN17), confirment la pr\u00e9sence de\n20.933 personnes dont 13.713 sont des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et 7.220 des retourn\u00e9s\nentre la p\u00e9riode de mi-mai \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2024. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont\nregroup\u00e9es dans Camp Banku et Masiambio provenant de plusieurs\nvillages environnants o\u00f9 persistent des activit\u00e9s des miliciens Mobondo.\nCes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es n\u2019envisagent pas retourner dans leurs villages\nrespectifs par crainte de la continuit\u00e9 des facteurs d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es sont dans les villages dits Nganda Bangala \u00e0 partir\nde mi-mai 2024 \u00e0 la suite du renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nde l\u2019arm\u00e9e congolaise le long de ce tron\u00e7on routier ; ce qui a suscit\u00e9 un\nsentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et protection des populations civiles et de leurs\nbiens. Les besoins exprim\u00e9s par ces personnes vuln\u00e9rables qui sont en\nmajorit\u00e9 h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans des familles d\u2019accueil, sont des besoins\nmultisectoriels importants en termes d\u2019abris, articles m\u00e9nagers\nessentiels, intrants de relance de la production agricole, soins m\u00e9dicaux,\neau potable et protection.\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Kwamouth (Ma\u00ef-Ndombe), dans un village nomm\u00e9\n\u00ab Tubankita \u00bb situ\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 20Km de Kinsele sur la RN17, deux\nconvoyeurs qui gardaient un v\u00e9hicule en panne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s miliciens Mobondo le 24 ao\u00fbt 2024.\n\n\nLes 14 barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur la route nationale num\u00e9ro 17 entre Mongata\net Ngandambo dans le territoire de Kwamouth demeurent une v\u00e9ritable\nsource de tracasseries pour les usagers de cet axe routier. Les FARDC\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AOUT 2024**\n\n\n\nqui les ont \u00e9rig\u00e9s y fouillent syst\u00e9matiquement les voyageurs dans le but\nde leur soutirer de l\u2019argent.\n\n\n- Un v\u00e9hicule qui quittait Kikongo pour Bukanga lonzo a \u00e9t\u00e9 confisqu\u00e9 par\ndes miliciens en vue d\u2019acheminer leurs produits le 11 ao\u00fbt dernier. 17\nfemmes et une trentaine d\u2019hommes seraient pris en otage et, 5\npersonnes parmi eux tu\u00e9s par les ravisseurs. Des otages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s\nune semaine apr\u00e8s. Les femmes seraient sexuellement abus\u00e9es par les\nravisseurs.\n\n\n**Bandundu & Bagata (province Kwilu)**\n\n- Dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kikongo, groupement Kisia, l\u2019activisme des\nmiliciens Mobondo sur les limites entre les provinces de Kwilu (territoire\nde Bagata/secteur de Wamba) et Kwango (territoire de Kenge/secteur de\nBukanga Lonzo) inqui\u00e8te. L\u2019axe Fatundu-Kikongo-Bukanga Lonzo dans\nles groupements Kisia et Fambembe devient trop dangereux. Des\nmiliciens Mobondo y commettent plusieurs exactions sur les civils qui\nutilisent cet axe routier. Ils ravissent les biens des usagers de cette voie,\ny compris des v\u00e9hicules ; certaines personnes sont sommairement\nex\u00e9cut\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Maluku (province KINSHASA)**\n\n- Dans la commune rurale de Maluku, village Ipungu, aire de sant\u00e9 Dumi,\ndeux personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par des miliciens Mobondos le 06 ao\u00fbt\n2024. L\u2019une des victimes s\u2019est \u00e9chapp\u00e9e, mais le corps sans vie de son\ncompagnon a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 gisant au sol le 08 ao\u00fbt par les militaires qui\n\u00e9taient partis le secourir apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 alert\u00e9s par le rescap\u00e9.\n\n\nUn autre cas de meurtre perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par des assaillants mobondos a \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9 le 20 ao\u00fbt 2024 au village Kibirika situ\u00e9 \u00e0 18km de Dumi. Un\nhomme d\u2019environ 40 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris au champ par des miliciens qui\nl\u2019ont d\u00e9capit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir d\u00e9pouill\u00e9 de tous ses biens. Le corps sans vie\nde la victime a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9 au champ.\n\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bf04244-d454-4f79-94a3-fa8c446c1797/R%C3%A9publique%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Points%20Saillants%20de%20Protection%20-%20ao%C3%BBt%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_586/raw/doc_586_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_586/raw/doc_586_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d1d8b76168e71c47a5c1bbad164e3e37c39627fb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_586/raw/doc_586_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ANALYSE DE LA SITUATION DES VIOLENCES BASEES** **SUR LE GENRE DANS DOUZE PREFECTURES COU-** **VERTES PAR LE HCR ET SES PARTENAIRES**\n### R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n**Janvier \u00e0 Juin 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\nLes conflits arm\u00e9s et les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations sont des facteurs aggravants de la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des filles et des femmes, puisque les exposant \u00e0 un risque accru de violences sexuelles et\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG). Parmi celles-ci, les femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nage, les veuves, les filles-m\u00e8res,\nles femmes vivant avec un handicap sont davantage expos\u00e9es aux VBG, principalement les violences\nsexuelles, le mariage forc\u00e9/pr\u00e9coce, les strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives, l\u2019exploitation et abus sexuels\net la violence conjugale. Les cas de VBG sont rapport\u00e9s dans la totalit\u00e9 des sous-pr\u00e9fectures avec plus\nd\u2019acuit\u00e9 dans les zones de d\u00e9placements des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) et dans les zones\nd\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, mais \u00e9galement dans les familles d\u2019accueil et dans les zones de retour et de\nrapatriement.\n\n\nLe HCR et ses partenaire (COOPI, Finn Church Aid (FCA) et INTERSOS) couvrent 12 pr\u00e9fectures\u00b9 (comprenant 41 sous-pr\u00e9fectures et 75 communes) de la R\u00e9publique Centrafrique (Basse-Kotto, Haute-Koto,\nHaut-Mbomou, K\u00e9mo, Lobaye, Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kad\u00e9\u00ef, Mbomou, Nana-Gribizi, Nana-Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9, Ombella-M\u2019Poko, Ouaka et Ouham). Ce sont ainsi 23 centres d\u2019\u00e9coute op\u00e9rationnels avec 31 agents psychosociaux et 537 membres des structures communautaires de protection et des comit\u00e9s de protection/VBG,\nqui couvrent ces pr\u00e9fectures. Ces centres re\u00e7oivent en moyenne **75 personnes par semaine.** En plus,\nla ligne verte t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique gratuite Ma Mbi Si **(num\u00e9ro 4006),** g\u00e9r\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe de sp\u00e9cialistes\npsychosociaux fournit un service \u00e0 distance de gestion de cas et de soutien psychosocial aux survivants\nde VBG et oriente/r\u00e9f\u00e8re les personnes survivantes de VBG \u00e0 travers des modalit\u00e9s compl\u00e9mentaires.\nLes pr\u00e9fectures de Bamingui-Bangoran, Ouham-Pend\u00e9, de Sangha-Mba\u00e9r\u00e9 et de la Vakaga, ne sont pas\ncouvertes par les partenaires du HCR pour des raisons financi\u00e8res, d\u2019acc\u00e8s physiques, plusieurs localit\u00e9s tr\u00e8s ins\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\nAinsi un total de 1995 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le Syst\u00e8me de Gestion des Informations\nli\u00e9es \u00e0 la Violence Bas\u00e9e sur le Genre (GBVIMS) de janvier \u00e0 juin 2022\u00b3 . Sur ces chiffres, les viols et\nagressions sexuelles repr\u00e9sentent 27 pour cent des cas VBG. L'analyse de ces donn\u00e9es indique que le\nservice de soutien psychosocial a \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9 et d\u00e9livr\u00e9 \u00e0 100 pour cent des survivants de VBG\nrapport\u00e9s et 57 pour cent ont re\u00e7u une assistance m\u00e9dicale dont 30 pour cent dans les 72h suivant\nl\u2019incident. N\u00e9anmoins, la prise en charge holistique des besoins des survivants de VBG reste insuffisante.\nDe m\u00eame, 1048 appels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us ou \u00e9mis \u00e0 travers la ligne verte Ma Mbi Si soit 175 appels en moyenne par mois\u2074 .\nToutefois, il sied de noter que ce chiffre ne refl\u00e8te pas l'ampleur du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Les cas de VBG sont\nsous-rapport\u00e9s en raison de la stigmatisation des victimes, des pesanteurs socio-culturelles, de l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des us et coutumes. Ainsi, des victimes pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent opter pour le silence. Par ailleurs, la distance\ns\u00e9parant les structures de prise en charge et les villages constitue aussi un d\u00e9fi pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins.\nLa majorit\u00e9 de ces cas sont \u00e9galement commis dans des zones encore ins\u00e9curis\u00e9es o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de\nl\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat demeure faible. Comparativement \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, on note une augmentation du\nnombre de cas de VBG (12 pour cent) dans certaines sous-pr\u00e9fectures notamment \u00e0 Bria, \u00e0 Bambari, \u00e0\nZemio, \u00e0 Obo, \u00e0 Alindao et \u00e0 Kaga-Bandoro.\n\n\n\n1 Cf. carte de la zone de couverture ci -dessous\n2 Anciennes subdivisions administra\ufffdves\n###### 3 ht Cf. tps://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94438 RCA Dashboard Interventions sur les Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre - Janvier-Juin 2022 4 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94449 RCA Dashboard Ma Mbi Si : Centres d\u2019\u00e9coute et ligne verte 4006 - Janvier-Juin 2022\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ceci pourrait s\u2019expliquer par la persistance des poches d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019augmentation des centres d\u2019\u00e9coute\net \u00e9quipes mobiles (qui collectent plus de donn\u00e9es en rapport avec les VBG), le renforcement des sensibilisations \u00e0 travers la ligne verte 4006, ainsi que l\u2019appui octroy\u00e9 aux survivants lors des d\u00e9placements\nvers les centres de prises de charge situ\u00e9s parfois tr\u00e8s loin des villages.\n\nLa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 reste une pr\u00e9occupation majeure de protection dans la majorit\u00e9 des zones de couvertures du\nHCR et ses partenaires. Les partenaires ont signal\u00e9 certaines difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u2075 \u00e0 des zones d\u2019installa-https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/wca-car/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2Ft\ntion des populations affect\u00e9es li\u00e9es \u00e0 la poursuite des op\u00e9rations militaires dans ces zones d\u2019une part et\nd\u2019autre part, l\u2019activit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s sur certains axes des pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham, la Nana-Gribizi,\nla Ouaka et la K\u00e9mo ont limit\u00e9 \u00e9galement l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire \u00e0 certaines personnes dans le besoin. Les\npartenaires ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 limit\u00e9s par des probl\u00e8mes logistiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019Etat des routes et le manque\nde carburant dans la plupart des pr\u00e9fectures. Le contexte op\u00e9rationnel est diff\u00e9rent selon les zones de\ncouverture des partenaires du HCR mais les besoins restent identiques en termes d\u2019actions pr\u00e9ventives\net d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services holistiques pour les survivants.\n\n\n\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que 75 pour cent des PDI vivent en famille d\u2019accueil, les femmes et filles sont tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es\naux VBG, du fait des conditions de vie dans les familles d\u2019accueil. La pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, la pauvret\u00e9, la promiscuit\u00e9,\nla pression sur les ressources existantes, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de\nsurvie et d\u2019autres facteurs les exposent davantage aux VBG notamment les strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation n\u00e9gatives (sexe de survie). Les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont en majorit\u00e9 les membres connus de la communaut\u00e9 (67\npour cent), mais \u00e9galement les hommes en armes (5 pour cent). Les risques d'exploitation et d'abus\nsexuels (EAS) sont \u00e9galement \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir.\nLes enfants sont \u00e9galement touch\u00e9s avec 21 pour cent des cas, d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les sensibilisations pour la protection des enfants contre les violences sexuelles et d\u2019autres formes de VBG\ncomme les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines.\nLa lutte contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9 se poursuit avec l\u2019appui de la Minusca, le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies\naux droits de l\u2019homme et d\u2019autres acteurs de la r\u00e9ponse juridique et judiciaire.\nL\u2019implication des leaders communautaires et religieux est primordiale et devrait \u00eatre continue. Ils sont en\npremi\u00e8re ligne pour un changement progressif de comportement et la lutte contre les VBG ainsi que\nl\u2019orientation des cas vers les services de prise en charge. Le m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement est mis \u00e0 jour\npar les acteurs \u00e0 travers la coordination nationale de AoRs VBG\u2076 par UNFPA.\n\n\nLa coordination avec d\u2019autres acteurs de VBG et protection se fait pour une compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 de la\nr\u00e9ponse et une mutualisation des efforts car tr\u00e8s peu de projets de VBG sont financ\u00e9s. De m\u00eame, le\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas est fait aupr\u00e8s des acteurs de la r\u00e9ponse.\n\n### **M\u00c9THODOLOGIE**\n\n\nLe HCR et ses partenaire (COOPI, Finn Church Aid (FCA) et INTERSOS) dans la mise en \u0153uvre de son\nprojet de monitoring de protection et de VBG se servent de la m\u00e9thodologie de la protection \u00e0 base communautaire pour la collecte des incidents et alertes concernant les VBG. Ainsi les centres d\u2019\u00e9coute\nre\u00e7oivent les incidents et alertes li\u00e9s aux VBG et les orientent vers les services de prise en charge \u00e0\ntravers des circuit de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement. Les outils de collecte et d\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es sont ceux standardis\u00e9s du sous cluster VBG national pour une meilleure coordination et compilation des donn\u00e9es.\n\n\n\nSecurity Road classification map 08 August 2022https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/wca-car/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2Fteams%2Fwca%\n\n\n\n\u2075Security Road classification map 08 August 2022\n6 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94936\ufffd RCA_Circuit de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement VBG - AoR VBG RCA - Juin 2022\n\n\n\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94936\ufffd RCA_Circuit de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement VBG - AoR VBG RCA - Juin 2022\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **SOMMAIRE**\n\nR\u00c9SUM\u00c9 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2\n\n\nM\u00c9THODOLOGIE............................................................................................................................................................. 3\n\n\nCONTEXTE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5\n\n\nCARTE DE LA ZONE DE COUVERTURE .................................................................................................................. 5\n\n\nPARTIE I : SITUATION GLOBALE DES VBG DANS DOUZE PREFECTURES ................................................ 6\n\n\nPARTIE II : FOCUS SUR LA SITUATION DE VBG PAR ZONES ........................................................................ 11\n\n\nPARTIE III : AUTRES PROBLEMATIQUES DE PROTECTION ET DEFIS ........................................................ 16\n\n\nPARTIE IV : IDENTIFICATION DES BESOINS ET RECOMMANDATIONS ..................................................... 17\n\n\nRECOMMANDATIONSS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI .................................................................................................. 17\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **CONTEXTE**\n\nEn 2022, la RCA demeure un pays fragile, relativement stable en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les grandes\nvilles, mais tr\u00e8s volatile en province. \u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoute des tensions politiques et la conjoncture \u00e9conomique\ndues \u00e0 la guerre en Ukraine et son impact sur la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des pays en Afrique. Cette situation est exacerb\u00e9e par la p\u00e9nurie du carburant depuis le mois de mars 2022, entrainant une r\u00e9duction des activit\u00e9s des\nacteurs humanitaires et des patrouilles des Forces Arm\u00e9es centrafricaines, de la MINUSCA et des forces\nbilat\u00e9rales (Russes et Rwandaises). La crainte des communaut\u00e9s face \u00e0 cette situation est de voir augmenter les violations des Droits de l\u2019Homme dues \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s dans le pays ainsi que les\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs des populations.\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 juin 2022, les violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le Genre ont fait partie des incidents les plus\nrapport\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection (38%), avec des cons\u00e9quences graves sur la sant\u00e9 physique et\nmentale des personnes affect\u00e9es, y compris sur leurs conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques. En plus du s\u00e9v\u00e8re\ntraumatisme physique et psychologique, les survivantes des violences sexuelles sont \u00e9galement\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 la stigmatisation et \u00e0 une possible exclusion de leur famille. Cette situation emp\u00eache le plus\nsouvent la d\u00e9nonciation de ces actes limitant ainsi la prise en charge.\n\n\nSelon le https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/93521rapport d\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection du HCR du premier trimestre 2022,\n41% des chefs de m\u00e9nages consult\u00e9s confirment que dans certaines localit\u00e9s de la RCA les risques li\u00e9s au\nVBG sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, notamment dans les pr\u00e9fectures de la Nana-Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9, la Nana-Gribizi et le\nHaut-Mbomou. Les endroits consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les plus dangereux pour les femmes et les filles sont\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ceux \u00e9loign\u00e9s de la communaut\u00e9 (84%), parmi lesquels on peut citer les champs (36 %%) et\nles points de collecte d\u2019eau ou de bois de chauffe (33%).\n\n###### **CARTE DE LA ZONE DE COUVERTURE**\n\nComme illustr\u00e9 sur la carte, les pr\u00e9fectures de Haut-Mbomou, du Mbomou, de la Nana-Gribizi, de la\nNana-Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9, de la Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kad\u00e9i, de l\u2019Ouham, de la Kemo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9es par les VBG au\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTIE I : SITUATION GLOBALE DES VBG DANS DOUZE** **PREFECTURES DE LA RCA**\n\n**Analyse des typologies de VBG document\u00e9es**\n\n\nLes viols et agressions sexuelles : les violences sexuelles (27%) sont le plus souvent perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des\nmembres connus de la communaut\u00e9 (67%). Mais en cas d\u2019attaques de villages, les femmes, les filles et\nd\u2019autres personnes vuln\u00e9rables peuvent faire l\u2019objet de VBG. Dans ces situations, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nprofitent de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de cette cat\u00e9gorie de la population pour commettre toutes sortes d\u2019exactions\ndont des actes de viol.\n\n\nLes viols sur les filles ont souvent eu lieu lorsque les parents ou tuteurs sont absents, occup\u00e9s notamment\nau travail dans les champs, \u00e0 la recherche de bois, durant les courses au march\u00e9 ou lorsque ce sont les\nfilles qui effectuent ces t\u00e2ches. Certains cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s o\u00f9 l\u2019agresseur attire la victime en lui offrant\nde la nourriture ou de l\u2019argent. Ce qui d\u00e9montre l\u2019existence de cas de sexe de survie, m\u00eame s\u2019ils sont tr\u00e8s\ndifficiles \u00e0 identifier.\n\n\nLes agressions physiques li\u00e9es aux VBG repr\u00e9sentent 32 pour cent du nombre total d\u2019incidents de VBG.\nDans 80 pour cent des cas, l\u2019auteur pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 est un membre de la famille, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le partenaire de\nla victime/survivante. Ces incidents sont souvent dus \u00e0 des disputes conjugales li\u00e9es \u00e0 la consommation\nd\u2019alcool, au manque de moyens de subsistance ou \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.\n\n\nPar rapport aux violences psychologiques et/ou \u00e9motionnelles (26 pour cent des cas de VBG), la majorit\u00e9\ndes cas (soit 82 pour cent), les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont des membres de la famille, le plus souvent les\npartenaires de la victime/survivante mais aussi des membres de la belle-famille. Les violences\npsychologiques ou \u00e9motionnelles sont particuli\u00e8rement li\u00e9es aux cas de d\u00e9ni de ressources, de services\net d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s (13 pour cent des cas de VBG) dans l\u2019ensemble des violences domestiques subies par\nles survivantes.\n\n###### CHIFFRES CLES\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 2: Age et genre des victimes (donn\u00e9es GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Profil des victimes/survivant(e)s de VBG**\n\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des victimes/survivant(e)s sont des\nfemmes (74%) et des filles (21%). Quatre cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s concernent des gar\u00e7ons et des hommes.\nLes violations contre les hommes dans l'environnement familial sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement li\u00e9es \u00e0 des agressions physiques ou \u00e0 des violences \u00e0 caract\u00e8re\nsocio-\u00e9conomique.\n\n\nUn total de 87% des incidents contre les filles sont\ndes cas de viols et d\u2019agressions sexuelles. Ces\nviolations sont le plus souvent commises par des\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\n**Cat\u00e9gorie de populations touch\u00e9es**\n\n\nToutes les cat\u00e9gories de populations sont expos\u00e9es\naux VBG, n\u00e9anmoins, les r\u00e9sidents sont les plus\ntouch\u00e9s (62%) suivi des PDI (25%) et des\nretourn\u00e9s/rapatri\u00e9s (11%), les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile (2 %).\n\n\n**Profil des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de VBG**\n\n\nD'apr\u00e8s le graphique, les principaux auteurs\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont en majorit\u00e9 les membres connus de\nla famille (67%), qui profitent de l\u2019insuffisance des\nm\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9pression dans les communaut\u00e9s ;\nautres membres connus de la communaut\u00e9 (15%)\npuis les membres de groupes arm\u00e9s (7 %), autres\npersonnes inconnues (8%), les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(2%), les PDI/r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 (1%).\n\n\n\n74%\n\nFemmes\nadultes\n\n\n21%\n\nFilles de\nmoins de 18 ans\n\n\n\n5%\n\nHommes\nadultes\n\n\n\n1.474\n\n\n\n91\n\n\n\n426 4\n\n\n\n0.24%\n\nGar\u00e7ons de\nmoins de 18 ans\n\n\n\nFigure 3: Age et genre des victimes (donn\u00e9es GBVIMS)\n\n\n###### **1.233**\n\nR\u00e9sidents\n\n###### **221**\n\nRapatri\u00e9s\nRetourn\u00e9s\n\n\n###### **506**\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\n\n###### **35**\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndemandeur d\u2019asile\n\n\n\nFigure 4: Cat\u00e9gorie de populations touch\u00e9es\n\n\n\n2%\n\nMembres d\u2019un\ngroupe arm\u00e9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nint\u00e9rieure\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9/PDI\nRapatri\u00e9\n\n\n\nFigure 5: Profils des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de VBG\n\n\nLa plupart des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9pression dans les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s parfois par les\nleaders communautaires, parfois par les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et judiciaires, s\u2019il en existe. Bien souvent, les\ncas VBG sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019amiable, avec le paiement d\u2019une amende forfaitaire. Dans certains cas, l\u2019auteur du\nviol \u00e9pouse la survivante \u00e0 la demande des parents de celle-ci. Quelques fois, m\u00eame le recours \u00e0 l\u2019amiable n\u2019est pas une alternative, \u00e0 tel enseigne que les faits restent dans l\u2019impunit\u00e9 totale surtout si les\nauteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont des hommes en armes.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Services offerts aux survivants**\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du GBVIMS concernant les\nservices offerts, la r\u00e9ponse holistique reste tr\u00e8s faible\nnotamment le volet juridique et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens\nde subsistance. En outre, la disponibilit\u00e9 en Kits de\npr\u00e9vention post exposition et de dignit\u00e9 reste faible\ndu fait des difficult\u00e9s de l\u2019acheminement dans les\nzones encore ins\u00e9curis\u00e9es et aussi l\u2019acc\u00e8s logistique.\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services pour les personnes ayant des\nbesoins sp\u00e9cifiques reste tr\u00e8s difficile en particulier\npour les personnes avec handicap physique et d\u2019autres types d\u2019handicap, les personnes ayant des conditions m\u00e9dicales.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 6: Services offerts aux survivants\n\n\n\nEn perspective, un renforcement de la pr\u00e9vention/mitigation des risques par le renforcement de l\u2019autonomisation des femmes et filles en collaboration avec les acteurs humanitaires, de r\u00e9silience et de d\u00e9veloppement est en cours afin de trouver ensemble des strat\u00e9gies pour mutualiser les efforts interagences et\nrenforcer la r\u00e9ponse aux besoins urgents identifi\u00e9s.\n\n\nConcernant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la ligne verte Ma Mbi SI, 1048 appels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us dont 205 concernent les VBG.\nPour une plus large couverture, une coordination avec d\u2019autres lignes vertes est n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\n**Situations des cas de VBG dans les sites des PDI et hors site**\n\n\n**Dans les sites**\n\nUn total de 84 sites de PDI sont recens\u00e9s en RCA. Selon l\u2019analyse des acteurs de protection travaillant sur\nces sites et ceux du monitoring de protection, 12% des incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin\n2022 auraient eu lieu dans/ou autour des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes.\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale en 2022, dans les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, une r\u00e9duction de\nl\u2019assistance humanitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e. On note une faible pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l'\u00c9tat dans plusieurs\nlocalit\u00e9s de la partie Est et Nord.\n\n\n**Situation des VBG en dehors des sites (familles d\u2019accueil, centre urbains\u2026)**\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es rapport\u00e9es par la CMP (juin 2022), 75% des PDI vivent en famille d\u2019accueil, et selon le\nGBVIMS, 67% des auteurs sont des membres connus de la communaut\u00e9. Ceci d\u00e9note une d\u00e9gradation\n\u00e9vidente de la situation de VBG dans les communaut\u00e9s et un besoin urgent de concentrer tous les efforts\nsur le changement de comportements et le renforcement de l\u2019environnement protecteur pour les femmes\net filles.\nEn outre, il convient de pr\u00e9ciser que 5% des cas de viols et d\u2019agressions sexuelles signal\u00e9s au premier\nsemestre sont imputables aux hommes en armes. Les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es au conflit restent une\nr\u00e9alit\u00e9, particuli\u00e8rement dans les pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham (42%) et de la Nana-Gribizi (33%) et de Nana\nMamb\u00e9r\u00e9 (9%). Selon les moniteurs de protection, l'absence de documentation l\u00e9gale (carte d'identit\u00e9)\ncontribue \u00e9galement aux cas de VBG lors du contr\u00f4le d'identit\u00e9 par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Facteurs favorisant les pratiques de VBG**\n\n\nLes pesanteurs socio-culturelles et l\u2019impunit\u00e9 qui se traduit par la non-r\u00e9pression des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nfont parties de causes fr\u00e9quentes. L\u2019alcoolisme et la pauvret\u00e9 font aussi partie parmi des causes ou\nfacteurs contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des cas de VBG.\n\n\nDe plus, la crise avec son corollaire de militarisation de la population et d\u2019augmentation des actes de\nviolence est un facteur \u00e0 prendre en compte.\n\n\nCi-apr\u00e8s quelques facteurs rapport\u00e9s par les partenaires:\n\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire volatile entrainant les mouvements de populations ;\n- L\u2019impunit\u00e9, l\u2019absence ou la faiblesse des structures de justice et d'assistance sociale ;\n- L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ;\n- Le manque de moyens de subsistance ;\n- La violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites et le non-respect du principe de protection\n\u00ab NE PAS NUIRE \u00bb ;\n- L\u2019absence d'agents de protection de l'\u00c9tat ;\n- Les pratiques socioculturelles et strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation n\u00e9gatives (mariage forc\u00e9, Mutilation G\u00e9ni\ntale F\u00e9minine).\n\n**Dynamique des d\u00e9placements : risques des VBG**\n\n\nPlusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments mettent en relation les d\u00e9placements de populations et les VBG notamment lors des\nattaques qui occasionnent le d\u00e9placement de populations. Ainsi la perte de moyens de subsistance apr\u00e8s\nle d\u00e9placement peut entrainer des cas de VBG chez les filles/ gar\u00e7ons qui travaillent pour subvenir aux\nbesoins des familles PDI, risques de sexe de survie, les conditions de vie dans le lieu de d\u00e9placement,\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire etc. Les causes des d\u00e9placements persistent, notamment l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans les zones Centre et Est de la RCA du fait de la pr\u00e9sence des GANE avec une l\u00e9g\u00e8re accalmie\nobserv\u00e9e dans la zone Ouest. Les cas de protection notamment des VBG (18%) sont survenus lors des\nd\u00e9placements des populations.\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es de la Commission des Mouvements de Population (CMP) du mois de juin 2022\u2077, le\nnombre total des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en RCA est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 610 265 individus compos\u00e9s respectivement de : 153 975 personnes dans les sites et 456 290 personnes dans les familles d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**Mouvements de retours**\n\n\nLa tendance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des mouvements est au retour : 506 cas de VBG ont touch\u00e9 les PDI, 221 cas\nconcernent les retourn\u00e9s et rapatri\u00e9s et 35 cas les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile. Les retours enregistr\u00e9s\nen juin 2022 sont essentiellement des retours spontan\u00e9s en raison d\u2019une l\u00e9g\u00e8re am\u00e9lioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans certains villages et quartiers de provenance des anciens PDI. Les retours les plus\nsignificatifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans la Ouaka et dans la Nana-Gribizi.\n\n\nN\u00e9anmoins selon les acteurs de protection de la zone Centre, Nord et Est (cf. lien en annexe), signalent\nque les conditions pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 un retour dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dignit\u00e9 ne sont pas r\u00e9unies car la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nne semble pas s\u2019\u00eatre am\u00e9lior\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re durable dans certaines zones initiales de d\u00e9part et les populations qui retournent pourrait s\u2019exposer davantage aux risques de protection notamment de VBG.\n\n\n7 Dashboard CAR CMP Juin 2022 ~~https://data.unhcr.org/fr/d~~ ocuments/details/94436\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "N\u00e9anmoins selon les acteurs de protection de la zone Centre, Nord et Est (cf. lien en annexe), signalent\nque les conditions pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 un retour dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dignit\u00e9 ne sont pas r\u00e9unies car la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nne semble pas s\u2019\u00eatre am\u00e9lior\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re durable dans certaines zones initiales de d\u00e9part et les populations qui retournent pourrait s\u2019exposer davantage aux risques de protection notamment de VBG.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les intentions futures des PDI men\u00e9e par OIM\u2078 du 1er avril au 29 mai 2022\ndans 65 sites d\u2019accueil des PDI montrent que 45 % des m\u00e9nages comptent des membres ayant l\u2019intention\nde quitter le site dans les trois prochains mois. La proportion de m\u00e9nages souhaitant quitter le site dans\nles prochains mois reste plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e dans les pr\u00e9fectures de la Haute-Kotto (92%) et de la Nana-Gribizi\n(76%). Les conditions pr\u00e9alables les plus cit\u00e9es sont l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement (60%), l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire dans la zone d\u2019installation future (56%), l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre pour l\u2019agriculture (51%). Les\n\u00e9valuations de protection dans les zones de retour ressortent plusieurs risques de VBG, d\u2019o\u00f9 n\u00e9cessit\u00e9\nde renforcer l\u2019environnement protecteur et les conditions de vie dans les zones de retour.\n\n\n**Nouveaux d\u00e9placements**\n\n\nLes nouveaux d\u00e9placements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement observ\u00e9s au cours du mois de juin 2022 dans les\nzones affect\u00e9es par les incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transhumance, les incursions et attaques des hommes en armes\ncontre la population civile, principalement dans les pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham-Pend\u00e9, de la Basse-Kotto et\nde la Ouaka, ainsi qu\u2019aux inondations et aux pluies diluviennes dans les pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ouham et du\nMbomou. Plusieurs cas et risques de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s et g\u00e9r\u00e9s par les acteurs sur le terrain.\n\n\n**Mouvements pendulaires**\n\n\nLes mouvements pendulaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans la Pr\u00e9fecture de la Vakaga notamment \u00e0 Ouanda-Djall\u00e9 o\u00f9 l\u2019occupation de la ville par des groupes arm\u00e9s le 17 juin a entrain\u00e9 un d\u00e9placement massif de\nla population en brousse et dans des campements. Apr\u00e8s la reprise de la ville par les FACA et la MINUSCA le 26 juin, la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e est revenue. A Bakouma \u00e9galement dans la pr\u00e9fecture de Mbomou,\nles partenaires de la CMP rapportent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des mouvements pendulaires de courte dur\u00e9e en\nraison des rumeurs d\u2019attaque de la ville par des groupes arm\u00e9s : des habitants de la ville se r\u00e9fugient la\nnuit en brousse et dans les champs, puis reviennent \u00e0 leur domicile le lendemain matin.\n\n\n\u2078Rapport IOM Intentions de retour https://dtm.iom.int/central-african-rdu 1er avril au 29 mai 2022epublic\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTIE II : FOCUS SUR LA SITUATION DE VBG PAR ZONES**\n\n**Aper\u00e7u du contexte zone centre : zone couverte par INTERSOS** https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94831\n\n\nLes pr\u00e9fectures couvertes sont celles de l\u2019Ouham, de la Nana-Gribizi, de la K\u00e9mo, de la Ouaka et la\nHaute-Kotto.\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire dans ces pr\u00e9fectures reste volatile, avec des sous-pr\u00e9fectures qui connaissent une\ncertaine accalmie favorisant le retour des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (notamment \u00e0 Bria, Kaga-Bandoro et Sibut) et d\u2019autres\nzones avec une recrudescence de la violence et des exactions commises contre les populations civiles\n(Bouca, Batangafo, Kabo, Ippy et Kouango).\n\n\nUn total de 11 centres d\u2019\u00e9coute sont op\u00e9rationnels \u00e0 Kaga-Bandoro, Bria, Bambari, Sibut, Ippy, Kouango,\nMbr\u00e9s, D\u00e9koa, Kabo, Bouca permettant ainsi une couverture de proximit\u00e9 plus large des services de prise\nen charge.\n\n\nDans chaque centre d\u2019\u00e9coute, un gestionnaire de cas assure la prise en charge individuelle de chaque\nsurvivant sous gestion de cas.\nDurant cette p\u00e9riode, 732 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et document\u00e9s dans les cinq pr\u00e9fectures\ncouvertes avec 11 centres d\u2019\u00e9coute, ainsi que lors des cliniques/\u00e9coutes mobiles 100 pour cent\nsurvivant(e)s ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse psychosociale et 3 pour cent ont re\u00e7u des assistances en cash\net 5 pour cent en kits de dignit\u00e9.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNombre d\u2019incidents par cat\u00e9gorie de victime Auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\n\n\nTypologie des cas de VBG (selon la classification GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|# Pr\u00e9fectures|5|\n|---|---|\n|



# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
|



15
|\n|

# Population totale*|

1.166.752|\n|


# PDI|


229.755|\n|



# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|


4.027|\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 7: Interventions sur les VBG dans la zone centre\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|

# Pr\u00e9fectures|

5
|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures|
15|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|


# Population totale*|


1.166.752|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|



# PDI|



229.755
|\n|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|TCHAD
REP. DEM.
DU CONGO
Bria
Ippy
Bouca
Bakala
Kabo
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Sibut
Batangafo
Kouango
Grimari
Ndjoukou
Dekoa
Mbres
Mala
90 Km
Cas de VBG
(par pr\u00e9fecture)
1 -20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 et plus











5
15
1.166.752
229.755
4.027
# Pr\u00e9fectures
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures
# Population totale*
# PDI
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|


# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|

4.027|\n|oundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o\ufb03cial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations
SEES - Cartographie RGPH-4 2021|oundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o\ufb03cial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations
SEES - Cartographie RGPH-4 2021|oundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o\ufb03cial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations
SEES - Cartographie RGPH-4 2021|oundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o\ufb03cial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations
SEES - Cartographie RGPH-4 2021|\n\n\nFigure 8: Cas de VGB dans la zone centre (source: GBVIMS)\n\n\n**Aper\u00e7u du contexte zone Est : zone couverte par COOPI\u2079**\n\n\nLa zone Est frontali\u00e8re avec la RDC est sp\u00e9cifiquement marqu\u00e9e par les op\u00e9rations militaires et plusieurs\nactivit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s (GANE).\n\n\nSelon le rapport d\u2019enqu\u00eate du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l\u2019homme (HCDH) sur les violences\nsexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits commis par les groupes arm\u00e9s\u00b9\u2070 dans les pr\u00e9fectures de Mbomou et de la\nhaute-Kotto de d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u2013 mars 2022, pr\u00e8s de 245 femmes et filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violences\nsexuelles. La plupart des survivantes, \u00e2g\u00e9es de 8 \u00e0 55 ans, ont subi des viols collectifs.\n\n\nCertaines des pires violences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises dans la ville de Bakouma, dans la pr\u00e9fecture de Mbomou,\nville qui \u00e9tait sous le contr\u00f4le des groupes arm\u00e9s jusqu'en mai 2021.\n\n\nLa pratique des VBG (plus sp\u00e9cifiquement la violence sexuelle) comme arme de guerre a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e\npar les moniteurs sur le terrain cas 820 cas de VBG document\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin \u00e0 travers le GBVIMS dont\n23 % concernent les cas de violences sexuelles.\n\n\nNeuf centres d\u2019\u00e9coute sont op\u00e9rationnels. L\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivant(e)s aux diff\u00e9rents services de prise en\ncharge (psychosociale, m\u00e9dicale, socio-\u00e9conomique, juridico-judiciaire) reste tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 en raison des\nressources insuffisantes mais aussi du fait de l\u2019impraticabilit\u00e9 des routes, de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante sur\ncertains axes.\n\n\nAu niveau local, le retour des pr\u00e9fets et autres membres de l\u2019administration locale dans de nombreuses\nlocalit\u00e9s (Obo, Alindao, Bangassou) indique la volont\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat de restaurer sa pr\u00e9sence hors de Bangui..\nN\u00e9anmoins, la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019administration locale \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les populations reste insuffisante.\n\n\n9 CAR_UNHCR_DASHBOARD_VBGIMS_COOPI_Janvier - Juin 2022https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94829\n10https://www.ohchr.org/fr/documents/country-reports/rapport-sur-les-violences-sexuelles-liees-aux-conflits-commises-par-leRapport sur les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits OHCHR-mars 2022\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nombre d\u2019incidents par cat\u00e9gorie de victime Auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\n\n\nTypologie des cas de VBG (selon la classification GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 9: Cas de VGB dans la zone est (source: GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|# Pr\u00e9fectures 3|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|



15
# Sous-pr\u00e9fectures||\n|



6
# Population totale*|90.289|\n|






10

# PDI|0.345|\n|




3.
# R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|955|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n- ICASEES - Cartographie RGPH-4 2021\n\n\nFigure 10: Cas de VGB dans la zone est (source: GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Aper\u00e7u du contexte zone Ouest: zone couverte par FIN CHURCH AID** https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94832\n\n\nLa zone Ouest de la RCA couvre (Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kadei et Nana-Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9) ainsi que les pr\u00e9fectures de l\u2019Ombella-M\u2019Poko et la Lobaye. Ces localit\u00e9s sont particuli\u00e8rement des zones de retour et de rapatriement des\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et refugi\u00e9es venant des deux pays voisins(cf CAR_UNHCR_DASHBOARD_VB-https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94832\nGIMS_FCA_Janvier - Juin 2022).\nQuatre centres d\u2019\u00e9coute (Baboua, Berberati, Gamboula et Mba\u00efki) sont op\u00e9rationnels et sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s par les\nagents psychosociaux en plus des \u00e9coutes mobiles qui sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 Bangui dans Ombella M\u2019poko et\ndans les sous-pr\u00e9fectures d\u2019Abba, Bouar et Baoro dans la Nana Mamber\u00e9.\n\n\nDurant cette p\u00e9riode, 354 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et document\u00e9s dans ces quatre pr\u00e9fectures par\nles moniteurs de protection et les six agents psychosociaux (APS) via les centres d\u2019\u00e9coute, ainsi que lors\ndes cliniques/\u00e9coutes mobiles. Ces incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les bases de donn\u00e9es de protection monitoring (Kobo Collect) et GBVIMS.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNombre d\u2019incidents par cat\u00e9gorie de victime Auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\n\n\nTypologie des cas de VBG (selon la classification GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n\nFigure 11: Interventions sur les VBG dans la zone Ouest (source: GBVIMS)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 12: Cas des VBG dans la zone Ouest (source: GBVIMS)\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTIE III : AUTRES PROBLEMATIQUES DE PROTECTION ET DEFIS**\n\n**Autres probl\u00e9matiques de protection**\n\n\nComme dans tous les contextes de conflits ou de post-conflits, les jeunes et les femmes sont des plus\nvuln\u00e9rables, et encore plus ceux qui sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 le retour progressif de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat dans ces zones, la fonctionnalit\u00e9 des structures et des\nm\u00e9canismes de gouvernance locale reste en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tr\u00e8s faible et confront\u00e9e \u00e0 d'importants d\u00e9fis, notamment en termes de capacit\u00e9s et de ressources limit\u00e9es pour la prestation de services.\n\n\nCi-apr\u00e8s d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes de protection rapport\u00e9s par les acteurs de VBG :\n\n\n- Incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transhumance, aux accusations de sorcellerie et aux conflits inter/intra-eth\nniques\n- Violations du DIH, attaques cibl\u00e9es contre la population et les structures civiles\n- Violations graves des droits de l'enfant (r\u00e9solution 1612)\n- Difficult\u00e9s pour obtenir des documents civils. L'absence de documents entra\u00eene souvent des\nrestrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement et \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s aux services de base .\n- Certaines communaut\u00e9s sont plus touch\u00e9es car elles sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es d'appartenir ou de colla\nborer avec des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n- La pr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs.\n- Les incidents LTB (Logement, terre et Biens) et menaces d'expulsion forc\u00e9e.\n- Le non-respect du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites.\n\n\n**Principaux D\u00e9fis dans la r\u00e9ponse holistique aux VBG**\n\n\nLe HCR et ses partenaires sont lead et co-lead des GT VBG dans 14 sous-pr\u00e9fectures et participent \u00e9galement aux forums de coordination \u00e0 Bangui et sur le terrain. La r\u00e9ponse holistique est confront\u00e9e \u00e0\nplusieurs d\u00e9fis notamment :\n\n- L\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivant(e)s aux services de prise en charge reste l\u2019un des d\u00e9fis majeurs.\n- Les principaux facteurs expliquant le gap dans l'offre de services sont l\u2019insuffisance et l\u2019indis\nponibilit\u00e9 de services dans certaines localit\u00e9s, les contraintes socioculturelles, la honte, la peur\ndes repr\u00e9sailles, la stigmatisation des survivant(e)s par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les frais m\u00e9dicaux et la distance\n\u00e9loign\u00e9e des services. Ces obstacles d\u00e9couragent les survivant(e)s \u00e0 rechercher des services.\n- Il demeure difficile d\u2019assurer la proximit\u00e9 de services aux survivantes notamment vivant dans les\naxes \u00e9loign\u00e9s ou peu s\u00e9curis\u00e9s d\u2019une part, et d\u2019autres part, le manque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0\ncertains services tels que les kits Post viols.\n- Pour accroitre l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services offerts aux personnes survivantes de VBG il est important\nd\u2019investir sur la prise en charge des cas de VBG, renforcer le pr\u00e9-positionnement des kits post\nviols, la conduite des cliniques m\u00e9dicales, juridiques.\n- Enfin, il est n\u00e9cessaire de poursuivre et de renforcer l\u2019autonomisation \u00e9conomique des femmes et\ndes jeunes afin de contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques de l\u2019utilisation des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation\nn\u00e9gatives y compris les violences sexuelles, mariage forc\u00e9/pr\u00e9coce, le sexe pour la survie, l\u2019EAS\net la violence conjugale.\n- L\u2019insuffisance du suivi de la mise en \u0153uvre \u00ab VBG mainstreaming \u00bb dans les activit\u00e9s d\u2019autres\nclusters.\n\n\n\n11 Il existe une corr\u00e9lation entre le manque de documents et certains incidents de protection tels\nque les arrestations/d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales et/ou arbitraires, la taxation ill\u00e9gale, l'extorsion et les\nagressions physiques.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **PARTIE IV : IDENTIFICATION DES BESOINS ET RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n**Besoins identifi\u00e9s**\n\n\n - Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones encore ins\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n - Sensibiliser les Forces arm\u00e9s au respect des droits de l\u2019homme et sur le respect du caract\u00e8re civil\net humanitaire des sites et zone d\u2019accueil des PDI.\n - Sensibiliser la population / communaut\u00e9 afin d\u2019\u00e9viter la stigmatisation et de briser le silence.\n - Maintenir et renforcer des sanctions contre tous les auteurs de viols et autres violences sexuelles,\ny compris toute personne qui se rend coupable de tels faits par complicit\u00e9.\n - Prot\u00e9ger les victimes contre tout acte de repr\u00e9sailles (mise en place des espace surs)\n - Renforcer la r\u00e9ponse aux cas de viol, notamment la prise en charge m\u00e9dicale dans les d\u00e9lais de\n72h.\n - Doter les structures de sant\u00e9 les plus proches de Pep kits, afin de pr\u00e9venir des complications chez\nles survivant(e)s de viol et violences sexuelles et assurer une prise en charge ponctuelle et de\nqualit\u00e9.\n - Renforcer la pr\u00e9vention et sensibilisation sur les risques de IST/VIH, grossesses pr\u00e9coces et\nautres complications m\u00e9dicales.\n - Mener des sessions de renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des gestionnaires de cas de VBG et les\npersonnels m\u00e9dicaux qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur la gestion clinique des cas de Viols et agressions sexuelles.\n - Renforcer la pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle et la gestion efficace des cas individuelle de VBG :\nFinancement des projets de VBG avec un appui en cash de protection.\n\n\n**RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI**\n\nLes principales recommandations et action de suivi sont formul\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019endroit du Gouvernement, des\nacteurs s\u00e9curitaires, de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire multisectorielle, aux acteurs de r\u00e9silience et de d\u00e9veloppement pour action. (RCA Analyse VBG_Recommandations et actions de suivi-janvier-juin 2022)https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95060\n\n\n**CREDITS**\n\n\nLe HCR tient \u00e0 remercier l\u2019ensemble du personnel et des partenaires qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ce rapport\nPour de plus amples informations relatives aux interventions des violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG) en\nR\u00e9publique Centrafricaine, le HCR vous invite \u00e0 contacter :\n**Sebastian Herwig**, Senior Protection Officer, herwig@unhcr.org, Tel: +236 70 55 29 11\n**Alice Bardot Tsegne** Mail : tsegneta@unhcr.org, Tel +236-74127372\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9f17a05e-956e-46fa-9262-5937942bc750/RCA-Rapport%20analytique%20consolide%CC%81%20des%20Interventions%20VBG%20de%20janvier%20a%CC%80%20juin%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_587/raw/doc_587_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_587/raw/doc_587_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 378fed1e68818d818e37c40a9159a93ae71a52ca..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_587/raw/doc_587_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CROSS-SECTORAL SUPPORT for SCHOOL INTEGRATION** **of REFUGEE CHILDREN from UKRAINE in HUNGARY**\n\n\n\nThe Regional Refugee Plan highlights the\nimportance of education in improving the well-being\nand future prospects of refugees from Ukraine in\nHungary. It prioritizes access to education and the\nenrollment of refugee children in national schools.\nEducation is not only a fundamental right but also a\ncrucial pathway to social inclusion and future\nopportunities for refugees. Therefore, all partners in\nthe Refugee Coordination Forum (RCF) must\nactively support the educational journey of refugee\nchildren.\n\nThis note aims to foster cross-sectoral partnerships,\ncollaboration, and inclusive approaches that ensure\nquality education for refugees, enabling them to\nlearn, thrive, develop their potential, and build\nresilience. It acknowledges the valuable inputs from\nthe Department of Education / Ministry of Interior,\nRCF members, the Education Sub-Working Group,\nUNHCR and UNICEF Regional Office, MHPSS\nspecialists, and the Basic Needs Working Group\nwho contributed the guidance provided in this note.\n\n|S|ituation Analysis.|\n|---|---|\n|||\n\n\n\nCurrent data on the enrollment of refugee children\nfrom Ukraine in European host country education\nsystems reveals persistently low rates, with some\ncountries even experiencing stagnation or decline.\nThe Department of Education reported that as of June\n2022, Hungary had a total of 4,856 Ukrainian students\nenrolled in schools. Among them, 1,164 were in\nkindergarten, while 3,692 were in primary schools.\n\nMultiple sources, including regional ones by UNHCR\n[(Intention Survey](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072) [and Protection Analysis), UNICEF](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/100191)\n(survey on education and parenting), and official data\nfrom administrations have documented several\nsignificant challenges that impact the enrollment of\nrefugee children in the region.\n\n\n\nAligned with key advocacy messages and policy\n[documents, such as those released by the Education](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101394)\n[Sub-Working Group (ESWG), UNHCR, UNICEF, and](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101394)\n[the European Commission, the RCF supports efforts to](https://www.schooleducationgateway.eu/downloads/files/SWD-2022-185-inclusion-displaced-children-Ukraine-in-education.pdf)\nincrease school enrollment, future-proof education,\nprovide accreditation and certification, maintain a\nconnection with the Ukrainian education system, guide\nparents, and inform them about the best education\noptions available. Comprehensive interventions in\naccommodation, mental health, social support,\ncommunity engagement, basic needs, and livelihoods\nenable the successful integration of refugee children\ninto formal education.\n\nCross-sectoral synergies are essential to addressing\nthe interconnected needs of refugee children and\nensuring a comprehensive approach to their education\nand well-being. Collaborating with the ESWG and\naligning with national policies, non-educational actors\ncan create safe and inclusive learning environments,\nleading to successful school enrollment and\nparticipation of refugee children.\n\n\nDemand-driven challenges include hesitancy to enroll\ndue to expectations of returning to their home\ncountries, bullying, language, and financial barriers,\nas well as the request for online alternatives to formal\nschooling in host countries.\n\nThe creation of online parallel education systems\ntargeting Ukrainian refugees has dissuaded parents\nfrom enrolling their children in Hungarian schools,\nraising concerns about the efficacy and support of\nlong-term virtual learning. When parents choose to\npursue the Ukrainian curriculum alongside the\nHungarian one, there is the risk of refugee students\nbecoming overloaded. This could negatively affect\ntheir educational accomplishments and incentivize\ndropouts.\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.8930289149284363, - "start": 287, - "end": 289 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5781873464584351, - "start": 288, - "end": 289 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.848559558391571, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6725642085075378, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.7827485203742981, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey on education and parenting", - "confidence": 0.9539481401443481, - "start": 303, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7907131910324097, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9533407092094421, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "incentivize\ndropouts", - "confidence": 0.697695791721344, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc5e2ba6-852d-49ea-a196-5dcf030f74d0/RCF%20Note_Cross-sectoral%20Support%20for%20School%20Integration%20of%20Refugee%20Children%20in%20Hungary_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Supply-driven challenges encompass school capacity\nissues, particularly in urban areas, such as\ninfrastructure limitations, teacher availability, and the\nneed for mental health and psychosocial support.\n\nCompounding these challenges is the decreasing\navailability of budgets and resources for local schools,\nfurther impeding adequate support for the education\nof refugee children.\n\n\n\nAlso, placing refugee children in the correct grade\nlevel becomes challenging due to disparities in\ncurricula and language barriers. In addition, the\nrecognition of foreign studies upon returning to\nUkraine also concerns parents. However, the\nUkrainian government has assured that foreign\neducation will be acknowledged upon repatriation.\n\nWith the third school year since the escalation of the\nconflict approaching, addressing these issues\nbecomes crucial.\n\n\n\nThe Refugee Coordination Forum (RCF) recognizes the chance to strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration and\nimprove access to education for refugee students in Hungary. The RCF emphasizes the opportunity to enhance\nsupport services on a larger scale, leveraging the expertise and resources of RRP partners and humanitarian\nfunding.\n\n\n\n\n\nTo ensure the well-being and successful integration of refugee children into the school\nenvironment, it is important to address their psychosocial needs. Partnering with mental health\norganizations is recommended to provide professional and community-based responses,\ncounseling services, and trauma-informed training for teachers. Creating safe school spaces\nand actively countering bullying, cyberbullying, racism, and social exclusion of refugee children\nare essential.\n\nEngaging families and the community, establishing peer support services, organizing afterschool activities, and listening to children\u2019s voices are valuable strategies to promote their\n[mental health. For examples of interventions, see the practices collected by the European](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\n[Commission (EC) - in consultation with UNHCR, UNICEF, and representatives of ministries of](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\n[education and other stakeholder organizations for the school year 2022-2023 (pages 15-18). It](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\nis crucial to coordinate efforts between humanitarian actors and government health and\neducation service providers, including prenatal and postnatal healthcare services, social and\nhealth services, refugee support services, educational authorities, community centers, and\nNGOs, around comprehensive support and development of early childhood education.\n\n\n\nIt is crucial to provide safe and suitable housing options for refugees as it ensures\nstability, security, and an environment conducive to learning, minimizing disruptions and\navoiding changes in schools, teachers, and classmates. Suitable housing should meet\nsafety, security, and functional standards, considering the family's specific needs. This\nincludes considering the size, and amenities, and creating a conducive learning\nenvironment. Housing close to schools makes it easier for refugee families to access\neducation, reducing transportation challenges and costs. It is recommended to have\ndesignated spaces within housing, like study rooms or quiet areas, equipped with Wi-Fi\nand computers, to support studying and online learning.\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc5e2ba6-852d-49ea-a196-5dcf030f74d0/RCF%20Note_Cross-sectoral%20Support%20for%20School%20Integration%20of%20Refugee%20Children%20in%20Hungary_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Financial constraints often prevent refugee families from sending their children to school\ndue to the inability to afford school-related expenses like books, transportation, and other\neducational supplies. This economic strain can discourage families from enrolling their\nchildren or lead to higher dropout rates. Additionally, refugee youth who are no longer\nobligated to attend school may be compelled to work to sustain themselves and their\nfamilies, which hinders their ability to continue their education. Also, unmet basic needs\nsuch as regular access to food, clothing, and hygiene supplies significantly impact the\ncomfort and well-being of children, hindering their access to education and consistent\nschool attendance. By addressing these basic needs, children and their families can focus\non their studies without distractions or discomfort, fostering a sense of dignity and inclusion.\n\nIn addition to distributing food and non-food items, cash assistance is also a valuable\neducational approach, as it can enhance access and retention in government-led education\nsystems. Financial assistance through cash can cover expenses such as transportation\ncosts, and school supplies for enrolled children. It can also support targeted education\nprograms like scholarships or sponsorships to cover school fees. Exploring the possibility of\nlinking cash interventions to school enrollment and participation of children and youth in\nhouseholds is worth considering, as it can further support educational opportunities for\nrefugee families. For more information and positive practices see [UNHCR Global Review on](https://www.unhcr.org/media/cash-education-global-review-unhcr-programs-refugee-situations)\n[Cash for Education and UNHCR Key Considerations on Cash for Education.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/cash-education-global-review-unhcr-programs-refugee-situations)\n\n\n\nUnemployment and job insecurity pose challenges for refugee parents in prioritizing their\nchildren's education and focusing on their schooling. These circumstances often lead to\nunstable living situations, such as frequent moving, and financial instability. Consequently,\nyoung refugees may not attend school despite the legal requirement to do so.\n\nTo increase the employability of refugees, partners can offer job readiness training,\nvocational skills development, and job placement services; they can collaborate with local\nbusinesses and organizations to create job networks and establish partnerships that\nfacilitate employment opportunities for refugee parents. Additionally, guidance and support\nin navigating the local job market can be offered, including resume building, interview\npreparation, and access to job fairs or recruitment events. By empowering refugee parents\nwith the necessary skills and resources, partners contribute to their economic stability and\nempower them to prioritize their children's education while securing their livelihoods.\nFurthermore, for higher education, it is crucial to provide scholarships for adults and young\nindividuals in care systems. These scholarships would alleviate their need to work\nsimultaneously, enabling them to focus on their education and improve their prospects\nwithout compromising their financial stability.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProtection actors are crucial in advocating for education rights and raising awareness\namong refugee parents about the duties linked to the temporary protection status and\navailable educational options. Workshops, information sessions, and awareness\ncampaigns can help parents understand the benefits of education and navigate the school\nsystem. It is essential to provide accurate information to address uncertainties arising from\nsocial media. This can be achieved by disseminating guidance materials and utilizing\nexisting help centers and hotlines. Informing parents about the benefits of enrolling their\nchildren in the host country's education system and reassuring them about the possibility\nof returning to the Ukrainian education system when the situation permits is crucial. The\noutreach can target also host communities, to address discrimination and educate the\nlocal community about the importance of education for refugee children. Promoting\ncollaborative relationships between schools, parents, authorities, and Ukrainian\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc5e2ba6-852d-49ea-a196-5dcf030f74d0/RCF%20Note_Cross-sectoral%20Support%20for%20School%20Integration%20of%20Refugee%20Children%20in%20Hungary_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "embassies, encouraging parental involvement in school activities, and developing\ninclusive activities for parents and families are suggested approaches to improve\ncommunication, create a supportive environment, and bridge cultural and language gaps.\nFor more information, see [the practices collected by the European Commission (EC) - in](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\n[consultation with UNHCR, UNICEF, and representatives of ministries of education and](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\n[other stakeholder organizations for the school year 2022-2023 (page 22).](https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/supporting-inclusion-displaced-children-ukraine-education_en)\n\n\n\nTo promote social cohesion and integration, it is important to organize cultural\nexchange programs, extracurricular activities, and mentorship initiatives that facilitate\nconnections between refugee children and their local peers. Non-educational actors\ncan provide training and professional development opportunities to enhance the\ncultural sensitivity, trauma-informed teaching, and language support skills of teachers,\nschool administrators, and community leaders. The following recommendations are\nproposed:\n\n - Organize community events and fairs celebrating diversity, promoting\nunderstanding and acceptance among the host community and refugees.\n\n - Encourage early childhood education and care, as well as school and community\nsports events and competitions that involve joint participation of host and refugee\nteams.\n\n - Establish mentorship programs in schools where host community students provide\nguidance and support to refugee students, assisting in their academic and social\nintegration. Organize activities focused on human rights, non-discrimination,\ndiversity, and inclusion.\n\n - Develop teacher training programs that emphasize intercultural communication,\ntrauma-informed teaching practices, and strategies for supporting the academic\nand emotional well-being of refugee students.\n\n - Adopt a 'whole school approach' to inclusion and non-violence, involving refugee\nstudents in school decision-making processes, and fostering their sense of\nbelonging.\n\n## **Conclusion**\n\n\n\n\n\nThe cross-sectoral recommendations in this note\nprovide a framework for RCF partners to actively\nsupport the enrollment of refugee children in schools\nin Hungary and their participation in education\nactivities. By aligning with the Education Sub-Working\nGroup (ESWG) and collaborating closely with the\ngovernment, RCF partners can play a crucial role in\naddressing the educational needs and challenges\nrefugee children face, creating an inclusive and\nsupportive environment for the successful educational\njourney of refugee children in Hungary through\ncoordinated actions, complementarity, and\ncooperation.\n\n\n\nEducation plays a vital role in empowering refugees\nand ensuring equitable access for all refugee children,\nregardless of their background or circumstances, is a\njoint priority of RCF partners. By prioritizing the\neducation of refugee children, RCF partners uphold\ntheir fundamental right to education and contribute to\na more inclusive response to the refugee crisis.\n\nThe collaboration among RCF partners, education\nactors, and government counterparts will enable the\ndissemination of information and raise awareness\namong refugee communities about the importance of\neducation for refugee children. Efforts should also be\nmade to promote social integration and foster\nunderstanding and acceptance within the host\ncommunity.\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc5e2ba6-852d-49ea-a196-5dcf030f74d0/RCF%20Note_Cross-sectoral%20Support%20for%20School%20Integration%20of%20Refugee%20Children%20in%20Hungary_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Developing cross-sectoral synergies is beneficial in addressing the interconnected needs of refugee children and\n[ensuring a comprehensive and holistic approach to their education and well-being. Both UNCHR Global Compact](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/global-compact-refugees)\n[on Refugees and UNHCR Education Strategy, as well as](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/global-compact-refugees) [UNICEF Education Strategy](https://www.unicef.org/media/60301/file/UNICEF-education-strategy-2019-2030-exec-summary.pdf) [and UNICEF Humanitarian](https://www.unicef.org/appeals)\n[Action for Children \u2013 as well as the INEE Minimum standards \u2013 underline how critical inter-sectoral collaboration](https://www.unicef.org/appeals)\nis in education programming.\n\n[This note is aligned with the key objectives of the Advocacy Messages on Access to Education for Refugees from](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101394)\n[Ukraine in Hungary released by the Education Sub-Working Group (ESWG) in June 2023, the Policy Brief on](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101394)\n[Education by UNHCR (link available on RefWorld), the](https://www.refworld.org/) [European Commission Staff Working Document](https://www.schooleducationgateway.eu/downloads/files/SWD-2022-185-inclusion-displaced-children-Ukraine-in-education.pdf)\n[Supporting the inclusion of displaced children from Ukraine in education, and UNICEF\u2019s Building Bright Future](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1691-building-bright-futures-what-is-needed-to-expand-early-childhood-education-and-care-for-ukraines-refugee-children.html)\n[document. The Government Decree No 117/2022 of 22 June on the financing access to public education for TP](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1691-building-bright-futures-what-is-needed-to-expand-early-childhood-education-and-care-for-ukraines-refugee-children.html)\nholders in Hungary is accessible [here.](https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2022-117-20-22)\n\nSeveral papers have been developed in Hungary, outlining the challenges that refugees children are facing in\naccessing education and proposing solutions, with a focus on minority groups such as Romani refugee children\nand children with disabilities: Romaversitas, Romani Refugees\u2019 Specific Vulnerabilities In Hungary Policy Brief,\n[April 2023; EDUA note.](https://uainfo.hu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edua_szakpolitika_2023-03-03-1.pdf)\n\nOther relevant material has been uploaded under the [Education SubWG](https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/377?sv=54&geo=10783) page of the Data Portal. The RRP\ndocument of 2023 is accessible [here. A](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97958) [mapping of all RRP partners](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/278?sv=54&geo=10783) and one of the [service providers](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/299?sv=54&geo=10783) active in\nthe response in Hungary are also available.\n\n## **Contacts.**\n\n\n- Lorenzo Leonelli, Snr. Interagency Coordination Officer, [leonelli@unhcr.org](mailto:leonelli@unhcr.org)\n\n\n- Sara Yasan, Education SubWG Chair, [syasan@unicef.org](mailto:syasan@unicef.org)\n\n\n- Oksana Matviishyn, Education SubWG co-chair, [matviishynaoksana@gmail.com](mailto:matviishynaoksana@gmail.com)\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc5e2ba6-852d-49ea-a196-5dcf030f74d0/RCF%20Note_Cross-sectoral%20Support%20for%20School%20Integration%20of%20Refugee%20Children%20in%20Hungary_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_588/raw/doc_588_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_588/raw/doc_588_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 42577aafa98f93fb2d9e13a9f15bda5e8448aa05..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_588/raw/doc_588_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,733 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **KEY MESSAGES**\n\n**\u2022** **Many actors and programmes in Uganda have been impacted** by the shrinking funding landscape, heavily reducing\nthe number and scale of refugee assistance programmes.\n\n**\u2022** **The most significant impacts are expected in relation to food security**, as the food assistance on which the majority\nof refugees rely will be cut heavily.\n\n- Further impacts are observed and anticipated across all other sectors, with **reduced staffing and capacity for protec-**\n**tion, health, education, livelihoods, WASH, shelter, and environment programming** .\n\n- Several settlements are expected to be especially impacted, based on available information on programme suspensions, for example in **Kyaka II, Kyangwali, Palabek, Bidibidi, Imvepi, and Palorinya.**\n\n- Groups particularly at risk of worsening needs include **new arrivals, persons with disabilities, children at risk, and**\n**people struggling with mental health issues.**\n\n\nUganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in\nAfrica, hosting approximately 1.8 million refugees as\nof April 2025. [1] The refugee response is facilitated by a\nprogressive open-door policy upheld by the Ugandan\nGovernment, and supported by various international\nand national actors. The response has consistently\nbeen underfunded in the previous years, [2] which is\nexpected to be severely exacerbated by the recent\nglobal developments.\n\nGlobal funding for humanitarian and development\nassistance has been decreasing sharply since the start\nof this year, and is expected to decrease further in the\ncoming months and years. [3,4] The impacts of this will be\nfelt across all aid operations, including Uganda.\n\nThis brief explores the anticipated impacts of\nthe shrinking funding environment on refugee\npopulations in Uganda. It does so by jointly analyzing\ndata on needs and vulnerabilities among the refugee\npopulation, funding data, and impacts of reduced\nfunding reported by the Sector Working Groups in\nUganda. For more details on the methodology, please\nsee page 7.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on needs and vulnerabilities", - "confidence": 0.5824516415596008, - "start": 349, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9786672592163086, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.9030163884162903, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "funding data", - "confidence": 0.8764172792434692, - "start": 359, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Sector Working Groups", - "confidence": 0.5068178772926331, - "start": 370, - "end": 373 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9478008151054382, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.5514001846313477, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA** 2\n\n## **MOVEMENT TRENDS**\n\n\n\nThe majority of refugees in Uganda have\nfled from South Sudan, the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo (DRC), and more\nrecently, Sudan. **Throughout 2024, the**\n**country saw a sharp increase in arrivals,**\n**particularly from Sudan**, following the\noutbreak of conflict between the Sudanes\nArmed Forced (SAF) and Rapid Support\nForces (RSF). Over 74,000 Sudanese\nrefugees have been registered in Uganda\nsince the start of the emergency, with the\npace of arrivals accelerating in the second\nhalf of 2024.\u2075 In the first three months of\n2025, close to 65,000 refugees arrived in\nUganda. The majority of these refugees\narrived from the DRC. The recent influxes\nin the Western region have led to **severe**\n**overcrowding of most transit and**\n\n## **NEEDS AND VULNERABILITIES**\n\nMultiple data sources consistently depict\n**widespread and protracted humanitarian**\n**needs across Uganda\u2019s 1.8 million**\n**refugees** . According to the 2024 MultiSector Needs Assessment (MSNA), 94% of\nhouseholds have an unmet need in at least\n1 sector. Close to 1 in 4 refugee households\nwere found to have an acute unmet need.\nSettlements in the West Nile and North\ngenerally recorded higher levels of need\nthan settlements in the Southwest. For\nexample, the majority of refugee households\nin Palorinya (63%) and Bidibidi (60%) have\nneeds in at least 3 sectors.\u00b9\u2070\n\nFigure 1 shows the sectoral needs driving\noverall need. The main driver of need was\n\n\n**Figure 1: % of refugee households in need per sector (MSNA)**\n\n\n\n**reception centers** and significant pressures\non public services in the areas where new\narrivals are settled. Nyakabande Transit\nCentre, for example, was operating at 612%\nin March.\u2076 Due to political developments in\nthe region, current **influxes are expected**\n**to continue throughout 2025** .\n\nDespite the continued influxes, **the**\n**majority of refugees have been in**\n**Uganda for over 5 years** (80% as of\nOctober 2024).\u2077 The protracted refugee\nsituation is reinforced by the return\nintentions of refugee households. Close\nto 90% of refugee households reported\nto have no intention to move from their\ncurrent location.\u2078 The majority of refugees\nin Uganda are women and children (78%).\u2079\n\n\nShelter & NFIs, driven by a large proportion\nof refugee households living in incomplete\nor defective shelters (68%).\u00b9\u00b9 Another key\ndriver of need was food security. The 2024\nFood Security and Nutrition Assessment\n(FSNA) estimates that **61.5% of refugee**\n**households are food insecure** . These\nresults were largely driven by poor Food\nExpenditure Share (FES) scores, indicating\nthat refugee households are spending a\nlarge portion of their income on food.\u00b9\u00b2\n\nOther key drivers of need include education,\nWASH, and health. Needs in these sectors\nare driven by **non-enrollment of children,**\n**insufficient water access, and disability**,\nrespectively. [13] Based on the MSNA and\nOffice of the Prime Minister (OPM)/UNHCR\nestimates, approximately 5-7% of refugees\nhave a disability. [14,15]\n\nOther key vulnerabilities include household\ndemographic factors like female-headed\nhouseholds (FHHs) and households with\na high age dependency ratio (ADR).\nAccording to the MSNA, **64% of refugee**\n**households are female-headed** . [16] FSNA\nfindings indicate that FHHs are more likely\nto be food insecure. [17] Similarly, MSNA\nfindings indicate that single-female-headed\nhouseholds are more likely to have both\nfood and WASH needs. [18] The average ADR\namong refugee households is 1.7. Several\nsettlements had especially high average\nADRs, such as Palabek, Rhino Camp,\nRwamwanja, and Bidibidi, indicating a **high**\n**economic and social burden within the**\n**household** . [19]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.7048092484474182, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.5819668769836426, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5333409905433655, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5168267488479614, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6120432019233704, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multiple data sources", - "confidence": 0.5910328030586243, - "start": 194, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Western region", - "confidence": 0.6332620978355408, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.67271888256073, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 MultiSector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9454595446586609, - "start": 229, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9006204009056091, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8539028167724609, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9998767375946045, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7322597503662109, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8328182697296143, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024\nFood Security and Nutrition Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7453569769859314, - "start": 534, - "end": 540 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FSNA", - "confidence": 0.8847953081130981, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6984870433807373, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9985436201095581, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8010690212249756, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9944515824317932, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA**\n\n## **OVERVIEW OF FUNDING IN UGANDA**\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\nAccording to the funding reported under\nthe Uganda Country Refugee Response Plan\n(UCRRP), the response received 392 million\nUS Dollars (USD) in international funding\nin 2024. **Of that funding, 51% reportedly**\n**came from the United States Government**\n**(US)** and an additional 12% came from\nbilateral European donors who have\nspecifically expressed intentions to reduce\nglobal funding. [20] It is hard to establish at\n\n\n\nthis point how much the total 2025 UCRRP\nfunding will be, though it is foreseen to\nbe significantly less. **A few sectors were**\n**especially reliant on US funding in 2024**,\nincluding Food Security, Shelter & NFIs,\nand Health & Nutrition. [21] The figure below\nillustrates the 2024 funding per sector, as\nwell as the share of each sector\u2019s funding\nthat came from various types of donors.\n\n\n\n**Figure 2: UCRRP funding for 2024 per sector, by % of funding per donor (group)**\n\n## **IMPACTS OF REDUCED FUNDING PER SECTOR**\n\n\n\nThe impacts of the shrinking funding\nlandscape are expected to be\ncomprehensive and cross-cutting. In\norder to start understanding the potential\nimpacts, UNHCR has conducted a survey\n\n\n**FOOD SECURITY**\n\nThe most significant impacts of the reduced\nfunding are currently experienced for food\nsecurity. The extent to which food security\nfunding has been or will be reduced in the\nlong term, is unclear at the time of writing.\n\nIn the very challenging funding\nenvironment, the World Food Programme\n(WFP) initiated **significant cuts to General**\n**Food Assistance (GFA)** in March to avoid\n\n\n\nwith the partners on the already observed\nimpacts and concerns. Below is a summary\nof the reported programme cuts compared\nto the funding information and population\nvulnerabilities and needs.\n\n\nabruptly discontinuing families from\nassistance. Since the implementation of\nPhase 3 Prioritization in July 2023, the\nmoderately vulnerable refugees (82% of\nsettlement refugee population) have been\nreceiving 30% of the ration. As of March\n2025, the ration for this group was reduced\nto 22%. The most vulnerable refugees (13%\nof settlement refugee population) who were\nreceiving 60% rations had these reduced\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA**\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nto 40% in April. New arrivals who were\npreviously receiving 100% rations, started\nreceiving 60% from April. With resources\nstretched thin, a joint re-categorisation and\nprioritisation exercise will be conducted in\nMay 2025. The objective is to ensure that\nlimited resources are directed to those most\nin need. As part of this process, **households**\n**assessed to be less vulnerable will no**\n**longer receive food assistance** . At the\ntime of writing, the exercise is ongoing, with\nindividual entitlements to be communicated\nto families as soon as possible.\n\n**Cuts in food assistance can be**\n**detrimental to the food security of a**\n**large portion of refugees** . The MSNA\nand FSNA respectively estimate that 46%\nand 61.5% of refugee households have a\nfood security need. [22,23] During the MSNA,\n\n\n\n62% of refugee households reported that\nGFA or other forms of cash and voucher\nassistance (CVA) represented one of their\nthree main sources of food. **For 38% of**\n**refugee households, GFA or CVA was**\n**their primary source of food at the time**\n**of the survey** . [24] This was considerably\nhigher in several settlements in the West\nNile and Northern regions, as illustrated in\nMap 2. Settlements that stand out include\nBidibidi (64%) and Imvepi (61%). [25 ] In these\nlocations, the reduction in food rations and\nfood beneficiaries could have especially dire\nconsequences. MSNA data indicates that\nover half of refugee households in these\nsettlements already have food security\nneeds. [26] Impacts of cuts in food assistance\nmay be further exacerbated by cuts in\nnutrition, livelihoods, health, and other\nsectoral programs.\n\n\n\n**Map 2: Proportion of refugee households who reported that food or cash assistance was**\n**the primary source of food within 30 days prior to the interview (MSNA)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8298516273498535, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8006461262702942, - "start": 255, - "end": 256 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West\nNile and Northern regions", - "confidence": 0.7046676874160767, - "start": 271, - "end": 276 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9993095397949219, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA data", - "confidence": 0.9952437281608582, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9977819323539734, - "start": 328, - "end": 330 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA** 5\n\n\n**HEALTH & NUTRITION**\n\n\n\nMany and diverse impacts on health and\nnutrition programmes have been reported\nby the sector. Community outreach\nactivities have been significantly reduced,\nand staffing support to referral sites\nhas been withdrawn to fill staffing gaps\nwithin the settlements. **In Kyaka II and**\n**Kyangwali, staffing support has been**\n**pulled from at least four health centres,**\n**while in Palorinya, two health outposts**\n**have closed due to staffing shortages** .\n\nDisruptions and suspensions have been\nreported for Sexual and Reproductive\nHealth (SRH) programmes, disability-related\nprogrammes, and HIV/AIDS programmes,\namongst others. Specialized services such as\northopaedics, dental care, and sonography\nhave also been deprioritized. The number of\nVillage Health Teams (VHTs) is also expected\nto decrease, with the average ratio of VHT\nto community member expected to increase\n\n\n**WASH**\n\nAccording to the MSNA, WASH issues are a\nmajor driver of need in Kampala and several\nother settlements. [28] Figure 4 illustrates in\nwhich settlements WASH needs appear\nto be most severe, as per the indicator\n\n**Figure 3: Top 5 settlements by % of refugee households who**\n**did not have access to sufficient quantities of drinking water**\n**(MSNA)**\n\n\n**SHELTER & NFI**\n\nAccording to the MSNA, shelter is the\nprimary driver of need among refugee\nhouseholds. [29] Refugee households receive\nmaterials to construct a shelter when they\narrive in a settlement. These **materials may**\n**not always be sufficient to construct**\n**sound and fully enclosed shelters** .\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s Participatory\nAssessment (PA), the lack of available\n\n\n\nfrom 1:600 to 1:1000.\n\nIn terms of malnutrition programmes, two\nkey programmes have been suspended.\nFirstly, the Maternal Child Health and\nNutrition (MCHN) programme was active in\nall settlements, and has now been closed.\nSecondly, the Targeted Supplementary\nFeeding Programme (TSFP) has also been\nsuspended, which used to be implemented\nin all Southwest settlements and three\nsettlements in the West Nile. Note that the\nlatter may be reinstated in some capacity.\nMalnutrition indicators had been improving\nover the last years, which partially motivated\nthe prioritization decisions. [27] However, **the**\n**suspension of nutrition programmes in**\n**combination with the changes in GFA**\n**have raised serious concerns** over how\nmalnutrition indicators may develop over\nthe next months and years.\n\n\non access to drinking water. According\nto the WASH Sector Working Group, the\n**water supply will be reduced across all**\n**settlements** . On average, the water supply\nlevel will be reduced from an average of\n17 Liters Per Day (LPD) to 12 LPD. The\ntwo settlements who currently have the\nlowest water supply level, **Nakivale (6-7**\n**LPD) and Kiryandongo (10 LPD)**, are also\nthe settlements with the highest need, as\nreflected in Figure 3. The water supply will\nbe reduced in these locations as well, with\npotentially disastrous consequences. In\nNakivale, for example, the budget will be\nreduced by 34%. The water levels in **areas**\n**where new arrivals are being settled in**\n**Nakivale have especially low water levels**\n(5 LPD).\n\nAt the time of writing, funding for\nemergency communal **sanitation facilities**\nhas been prioritized, but is expected to run\nout in three months.\n\n\nmaterials as well as the costs of materials\nto construct shelters are the key issues that\nrefugee households face in this regard. [30]\nThe shelter sector receives a relatively\nsmall budget under the UCRRP, yet the\nshrinking funding environment could have\ndetrimental implications for this core service\nprovided to refugees. [31]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Participatory\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.815950870513916, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PA", - "confidence": 0.8381480574607849, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9724494814872742, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "malnutrition indicators", - "confidence": 0.8936266303062439, - "start": 499, - "end": 501 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WASH Sector Working Group", - "confidence": 0.7003920078277588, - "start": 519, - "end": 523 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA** 6\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nAccording to UCRRP data, protection is\nthe second largest sector. [32] The sector\npartners for protection reported on a wide\nrange of programmes which have been\nand will be impacted by the diminishing\nfunding. Figure 3 illustrates the various\nareas impacted. Across the areas that\n\n**Figure 4: Areas of protection programming impacted**\n**by funding cuts**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**EDUCATION**\n\nEducation programmes have been\nimpacted by reduced funding in various\nways. **Education programmes funding**\n**teachers across all settlements have**\n**been impacted**, which is likely to lead to\na deterioration of the Pupil-Teacher Ratio\n(PTR). As of April 2025, the PTR is estimated\nto be 79:1. The Pupil-Classroom Ratio\n(PCR) is also expected to deteriorate. The\ncurrent PCR is 117:1, compared to the 53:1\nstandard.\n\nAdditional programmes that have been\nimpacted include the provision of scholastic\n\n\n\nconcern case management, such as GBV,\nChild Protection, and MHPSS, both affected\nand unaffected partners reported concern\nover the increased workload on remaining\nstaff, which may not be tenable. For\nchild protection, for example, the current\ncaseworker-to-children at risk ratio is 1:143,\ncompared to the global standard of 1:25.\n**Several child protection partners have**\n**already been forced to significantly**\n**reduce their staffing and downscale**\n**operations** . The reduction in staffing is also\nimpacting referral mechanisms.\n\nThe funding challenges have also impacted\nOPM, who will have **reduced capacity and**\n**resources to assess asylum applications**\n**and provide refugee documentation.** At\nthe time of writing, there are approximately\n38,274 asylum application pending\nadjudication. The current funding supports\nonly 4 Refugee Eligibility Committee (REC)\nsessions in 2025, which will leave 34,000\nasylum seekers without documentation,\n**reducing access to protection, social**\n**services, and livelihoods.**\n\nThe impacts of programme suspensions\nand reductions are reported across all\nsettlements and Kampala. **In Kyangwali,**\n**Palabek, Palorinya, and Rhino Camp,**\n**at least 5 protection programmes have**\n**been impacted** .\n\n\nmaterials and direct financial and other\nforms of support to the most vulnerable\nchildren. This is happening concurrently\nwith the cuts in child protection\nprogrammes noted earlier. Similarly, the\nreduction of MHPSS programming has\nthe potential to further impact education\noutcomes.\n\nEducation sector partners estimate that\nclose to 400,000 refugee learners will be\ndirectly impacted by the cuts, as per figure\n5 below.\n\n\n\n**Figure 5: Number of learners directly impacted by the funding cuts, as reported by education partners**\n\n\n\n**70,017**\n**Pre-primary learners**\n\n\n\n**300,719**\n**Primary level learners**\n\n\n\n**22,668**\n**Secondary school learners**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA** 7\n\n\n\n**LIVELIHOODS & RESILIENCE**\n\nMembers of the Livelihoods & Resilience\nSector Working Group have reported that\n**at least 13 livelihood programmes have**\n**been impacted by reduced funding** .\nAs a result, 416,811 refugees and 95,000\nhost community members will no longer\nreceive the intended assistance. Impacted\n\n\n**ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY**\n\nSeveral programmes related to energy\nand environment have been impacted by\nthe funding changes. These programmes\ninclude woodlot maintenance, household\ntree-growing, and environmental\nconservation. Several cooking programmes\nare also impacted, including constructions\nand distribution of energy-efficient\ncookstoves. Considering the heavy use of\n\n\n\nlivelihood programmes include multiyear and multi-faceted programs, such\nas graduation programmes. In light of\nreduced food assistance, and the protracted\nrefugee population, the **reduced livelihood**\n**support threatens the longer term**\n**integration of refugees** .\n\n\nbio fuel for cooking and the deforestation\ntrends in large parts of the country, this\ncould have significant long-term impacts.\nSector partners have expressed further\nconcerns about how **reduced availability**\n**of cooking fuels and materials may**\n**impact food security and health**\n**outcomes** .\n\n\n## **METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW**\n\nThe information presented in this brief are based on a few\nkey data sources. Methodological details of the key sources\nwill be provided here. Additional sources were consulted to\nprovide context and triangulation, which can be found in\nthe end notes below.\n\n**REACH, 2024 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA)**\nThe objective of the 2024 MSNA was to estimate the\nprevalence and severity of need among refugees and\nhost communities in Uganda. The data was collected in\nJuly-October 2024. The data is representative for each\npopulation group in each location with a 95% confidence\nlevel and 5% margin of error. The data and analysis is\navailable [here.](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/impact/151db6d6/IMPACT_REACH_Uganda_2024_MSNA_Clean_Dataset_and_Quantitative_Analysis.xlsx)\n\n**Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH), Uganda Bureau of**\n**Statistics (UBOS), OPM, Ministry of Agriculture Animal**\n**Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF), Ministry of Local**\n**Government (MoLG), and UNHCR, Food Security and**\n**Nutrition Assessment (FSNA) 2024.**\nThe FSNA is a yearly assessment conducted jointly by WFP,\nUNICEF, and UNHCR. The data for the 2024 FSNA was\ncollected in August-September 2024 and covered both\nrefugees and host communities.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR, Participatory Assessment (PA), 2024.**\nParticipatory assessments aim to obtain a comprehensive\nunderstanding of the situation and promote meaningful\nparticipation of refugees and affected communities in\nshaping UNHCR and partners\u2019 interventions. The data was\ncollected in September-December 2024 in all settlements\nwith a 90% confidence level and 5% margin of error.\n\n**OPM and UNHCR, Uganda Comprehensive Refugee**\n**Response Plan (UCRRP) Funding Tracking Data, 2024.**\nUCRRP funding data is collected on a quarterly basis to\ntrack the amount of funding that is received by UCRRP\npartners.\n\n**Partner survey conducted by UNHCR**\nUNHCR has circulated a rapid survey through all sector\nworking groups to obtain initial information regarding the\nexperienced and expected impacts of the reduced funding.\nThe survey was circulated at the end of March/early April\n2025. Further surveys and information-gathering exercises\nare ongoing.\n\n\n_**The brief is based on the information that was available at**_\n_**the time of writing. As the situation continues to develop,**_\n_**some of the reported impacts of the reduced funding may**_\n_**also change.**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH, 2024 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5057122707366943, - "start": 302, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9987830519676208, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9989804625511169, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9968265891075134, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nhost communities", - "confidence": 0.9283224940299988, - "start": 329, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FSNA", - "confidence": 0.9506264328956604, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9912644624710083, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host communities", - "confidence": 0.7721624374389648, - "start": 480, - "end": 484 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Partner survey", - "confidence": 0.9627524018287659, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.856188178062439, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7257037162780762, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7817551493644714, - "start": 645, - "end": 646 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "all sector\nworking groups", - "confidence": 0.7048606276512146, - "start": 614, - "end": 618 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FUNDING IN THE UGANDAN REFUGEE RESPONSE | UGANDA**\n\n## **ENDNOTES**\n\n1. OPM and UNHCR, \u201cUganda Population Dashboard: Overview of Refugees and Asylum-seekers in Uganda,\u201d 31 March\n2025.\n[2. OPM and UNHCR, \u201cUnderfunded: Report 2024,\u201d Uganda Country Refugee Response (UCRRP), 21 November 2024.](https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-country-refugee-response-ucrrp-underfunded-report-2024)\n[3. Elissa Miolene, Sara Jerving, and Adva Saldinger, \u201cThe USAID awards the Trump administration killed - and kept,\u201d Devex,](https://www.devex.com/news/the-usaid-awards-the-trump-administration-killed-and-kept-109732)\n27 March 2025.\n[4. Jesse Chase-Lubitz, \u201cEurope is cutting development spending, and it\u2019s not because of Trump,\u201d Devex, 25 March 2025.](https://www.devex.com/news/europe-is-cutting-development-spending-and-it-s-not-because-of-trump-109668)\n[5. OPM and UNHCR, \u201cRefugee Arrival Monitoring Dashboard 2022-2025,\u201d fltered for January-March 2025.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDlhOGQxMjMtZmEzNC00NTY3LWFjYTMtOTM2ZGVhY2EyOGQ2IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n6. Ibid.\n[7. REACH, \u201c2024 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA),\u201d data published on 9 December 2024.](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/impact/151db6d6/IMPACT_REACH_Uganda_2024_MSNA_Clean_Dataset_and_Quantitative_Analysis.xlsx)\n8. Ibid.\n9. See note 3.\n10. See note 7.\n11. Ibid.\n12. Ministry of Health (MoH), Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), Office of the Prime Minister (OPM), Ministry of Agriculture\nAnimal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF), Ministry of Local Government (MoLG), and the Office of the United Nations High\nCommissio ner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u00a9 2024. Food Security and Nutrition Assessment in Refugee Settlements, Refugee Host districts,\nand Kamp ala, 2024.\n13. See note 7.\n14. Ibid.\n15. See note 3.\n16. See note 7.\n17. See note 12.\n18. See note 7.\n19. See note 12.\n20. OPM and UNHCR, \u201cUCRRP Funding Tracking Data, 2024,\u201d retrieved April 2025.\n21. See note 7.\n22. Ibid.\n23. See note 12.\n24. See note 7.\n25. Ibid.\n26. Ibid.\n27. See note 12.\n28. See note 7.\n29. Ibid.\n30. UNHCR, \u201cParticipatory Assessment (PA), 2024,\u201d data collected September-December 2024.\n31. See note 20.\n32. Ibid.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n## **ABOUT REACH**\n\nREACH Initiative facilitates the development of information tools and\nproducts that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidencebased decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. The\nmethodologies used by REACH include primary data collection and indepth analysis, and all activities are conducted through inter-agency aid\ncoordination mechanisms. REACH is a joint initiative of IMPACT Initiatives,\nACTED and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNITAR-UNOSAT).\n\n\n\n**Funded by the European**\n**Union** . Views and opinions\nexpressed are however those of\nthe author(s) only and do not\nnecessarily reflect those of the\nEuropean Union or DG ECHO.\nNeither the European Union\nnor the granting authority can\nbe held responsible for them.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Uganda Population Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9721287488937378, - "start": 30, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5011510848999023, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OPM and UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9461503624916077, - "start": 25, - "end": 28 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.9640841484069824, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6561365723609924, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and Asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.875486433506012, - "start": 36, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Arrival Monitoring Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9562494158744812, - "start": 151, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.5636894702911377, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6666823625564575, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022-2025", - "confidence": 0.9663057923316956, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.713906466960907, - "start": 176, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8886711001396179, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.803101658821106, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.5626681447029114, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9631067514419556, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9122626185417175, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Food Security and Nutrition Assessment", - "confidence": 0.6505433320999146, - "start": 278, - "end": 283 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OPM and UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.595216691493988, - "start": 339, - "end": 342 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6365010738372803, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8305797576904297, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UCRRP Funding Tracking Data", - "confidence": 0.977741539478302, - "start": 344, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OPM and UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9117041230201721, - "start": 339, - "end": 342 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5578948855400085, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9575389623641968, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b2524ff-c249-59cd-b863-fd76cbcac738/REACH_Impact%20of%20Reduced%20Funding_Uganda%20brief.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_589/raw/doc_589_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_589/raw/doc_589_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 04b964482b46c3db1a0c0803cd5c5792e70f19c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_589/raw/doc_589_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,559 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Return intention survey, Central Kurrum**\n\n\n**February 2014**\n\n\n**I.** **Background**\n\n\nKurram agency borders Eastern (Nangarhar) and Southern proveniences (Khost and Paktiya)\nof Afghanistan, the FATA regions of Orakzai, North Waziristan, Khyber Agencies and Hangu\ndistrict. I has been the site of much conflict over the years. It is believed that most of the\nTehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) fighters have fled to Kurram in the wake of military\noperation in the adjacent Khyber, Orakzai and South Waziristan agencies. Kurram is home to\na significant Shia minority and has a history of violent sectarian conflict between its Sunni\nand Shia tribes. It has also frequently been a crossing point for Taliban fighters moving\nbetween Pakistan and Afghanistan.\n\n\nThe sectarian strife which has been in existence since long between the Sunnis and the Shia\nin Kurram was further aggravated in 2008 after the incursion of Taliban from the North\nWaziristan and Orakzai agencies. Since then, some 21 000 families who fled mainly Lower\nKurram were registered and assisted in the adjacent districts of Kohat, Hangu and Peshawar.\nFamilies displaced from Upper and Lower to Central Kurram due to sectarian conflict as well\nas the population of Central Kurram was also displaced to Lower Kurram and adjacent\ndistrict of Hangu, Kohat and Peshawar due to military operation in 2011.The inhabitants of\nCentral Kurram are four tribes of Orakzai (Masozai, Parachamkani, Zai Musht and Ali\nSherzai).\n\n\nAccording to the UNHCR database, there are 4549 families of Ali Sherzai tribe registered,\ntotal number of individuals 20 114. Out of them 1366 families are residing in a camp \u2013 New\nDurrani while the remaining families stay off camp.\n\n\nIn January 2014, 50 tehsils were de notified by the Government of Pakistan and declared as\nsafe for return. In the Return Task Force of 16.1.2014 the Government shared with the\nhumanitarian community the intention to organize a return process to Central Kurrum.\n\n\nThe protection cluster, mandated through the Return SOP to conduct a Return Intention\nSurvey prior to the returns, consulted IDPs from Central Kurrum in order to assess their\nintentions, access to information, challenges to the return process and needs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Intention\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.9906979203224182, - "start": 380, - "end": 383 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.745618462562561, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Kurrum", - "confidence": 0.9963682889938354, - "start": 365, - "end": 367 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7515948414802551, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Though the voluntary character of the return was emphasized by the authorities during the\nplanning phase, the Protection cluster believed in the importance to follow the SOPs on\nreturn as a guide for the humanitarian when providing support to the authorities in the\nreturn process and in the importance of consulting the population to better ascertain the\nintentions and needs of the population.\n\n\n**II.** **Methodology**\n\n\nBased on the information received from FDMA on the denotification of the 50 tehsil, data\nwithin UNHCR database of registered IDPs were compared and 4549 were found as from Ali\nSherzai tribe.\n\n\nThe protection cluster established a representative sample capturing a significant portion of\nthe displaced population from Central Kurrum from Ali Sherzai tribe. IVAP provided the\nphone numbers of the registered families and IOM conducted phone calls with the IDPs.\n\n\n259 families were consulted and the RIS was conducted by 7 enumerators who contacted\ndisplaced families from a call centre using the contact information available through the\nIVAP records. This RIS was conducted using a specific tool/questionnaire developed in 2012\nfor previous consultations and slightly adapted in 2013. [1]\n\n\nThe enumerators were trained on 23rd January by protection cluster coordinator on the\ntool as well as on basic principles of confidentiality, informed consent and interviewing\ntechniques. The data collection was conducted from 29.1. to 5.2.\n\n\nIn total, 259 interviews were conducted- 98 families currently residing in Hangu, 94 in\nKohat, 42 in Peshawar, 17 in New Durrani, 4 in Nowshera, 3 in Charsadda, 1 in Tank.\n\n\n**III.** **Main findings of the Return Intention Survey 2014**\n\n\n**1)** **Profile of the interviewed population**\n\n\nMostly heads of families were interviewed during the return intention survey (89%), only in\n28 cases other family members were interviewed, depending on the contacts established\nvia phone. Out of 259 interviews, only 8 interviews were conducted with women,\nrepresenting a mere 3.1% of total sample size. Out of the respondents, 4 % were community\nleaders.\n\n\n1 See Annex1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SOPs on\nreturn", - "confidence": 0.6024820804595947, - "start": 27, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection cluster", - "confidence": 0.5396605730056763, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Kurrum", - "confidence": 0.7169927954673767, - "start": 126, - "end": 128 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced families", - "confidence": 0.5619337558746338, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IVAP records", - "confidence": 0.9482668042182922, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "tool/questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.5107986330986023, - "start": 188, - "end": 191 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection cluster coordinator", - "confidence": 0.7978700399398804, - "start": 214, - "end": 217 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5991191267967224, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9323030114173889, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced families", - "confidence": 0.9094788432121277, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.8860262036323547, - "start": 302, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Profile of the interviewed population", - "confidence": 0.8667142391204834, - "start": 316, - "end": 321 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5279865264892578, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7473495006561279, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5477313995361328, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "heads of families", - "confidence": 0.8901399970054626, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The age breakdown of respondents was mainly between 19- 29 years old (47,1%) followed\nby the age cohort 30- 59 years old (46,3%). 3,9 % of respondents were older persons (60\nyears old or above) and seven responses came from a minor/adolescent.\n\n\n_Table 1- Age group of the respondents_\n\n|Age group|#
respondents|%|\n|---|---|---|\n|12-18Y|7|2.7%|\n|19-29Y|122|47.1%|\n|30-59Y|120|46.3%|\n|60+Y|10|3.9%|\n|Total|259|100.0%|\n\n\n\n97,3 % of respondents stated that they originated from Central Kurrum, while the rest\noriginate from Kohat (4), Hangu (2) and Tirah (1). Out of this group, 100 % were registered\nby UNHCR and the GoP, 94% of them are collecting food.\n\n\nBased on the information collected, the average family size of the interviewed families was\n10 persons. Out of the 2597 family members of the respondents 685 were children under\nthe age of 5; 152 were older persons, 77 of the members of the respondents\u2019 families were\nidentified as persons with disabilities and 32 as pregnant or lactating women.\n\n\n**2, Information on displacement timing and trends**\n\n\nAccording to the respondents, all families left their area of origin more than 18 months ago\n(259 out of 259 respondents). No family from those interviewed was displaced in the course\nof the last year, which seems to confirm the displacement trends following the military\noperations.\n\n\nRegarding the **reason of displacement,** 99,6% (258 respondents) stated that the main\nreason was the conduction of military operations in the areas. While reference to the time\nspent in the current areas of displacement ant the mobility of the displaced population, 96,5\n% (255 respondents) responded that during more than 18 last months they have been living\nin the current place of displacement. 1 family (0,4 %) have been residing in the current areas\nbetween 12 to 18 months, while 8 families (3, 1 %) reported to have moved in the last year.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age breakdown of respondents", - "confidence": 0.6411561965942383, - "start": 1, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Kurrum", - "confidence": 0.5468259453773499, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.844881534576416, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3, Informed and voluntary nature of return**\n\n\nA series of queries were addressed to ascertain the level of information that the IDPs\npossessed regarding their areas of origin/return, the need for additional information and\nthe decision making process on which the decision was based.\n\n\nThe interviews revealed that **44 % of consulted individuals** **[2]** **did not possess adequate**\n**information about the situation in their areas of origin** . Asked about the type of\ninformation that the prospective returnees would wish to have, 87,6 % indicated the need\nfor more information on safety and security in the area of origin, 72,6 % of the respondents\nindicated the need for more information about the status of their house, 62,9 % stated that\nthey would wish to have a better knowledge on the situation and availability of water\nresources, health and education facilities available in the area of origin; and 39,8 of the\nconsulted IDPs expressed the need for more information about the situation of crops and\nlivelihood sources.\n\n\n_Table 2- Need for Information_\n\n\nWhen asked about how they receive **information about their area of origin**, some of the\nrespondents stated that they receive information from the media (9,3 %), as well as by\nother people who were already in those areas or who have at least visited the locations\n(45,6 %). Significantly high was also the number of respondents who admitted having visited\nthe areas (23.2%). Less frequent were the cases where the information was provided by\nGovernment officials (11, 2%).\n\n\n2 Multiple responses possible\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.8994731307029724, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7103124260902405, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Table 3- Source of Information_\n\n\nRegarding the opportunity to organize **\u201cGo and See Visit\u201d**, explicitly foreseen by the HCTendorsed Return SOPs, majority of respondents stated that it would have been useful (74,1\n% of respondents), while the remaining part of the respondents found it not necessary. For\nthose respondents who responded affirmatively, the foreseeable opinion was that male\nhead of households should anticipate to the initiative and visit the area of origin (50, 2% of\npositive responses), followed by community leaders (23,9%) and other members of the\ncommunity including women (25,9%).\n\n\nWhen asked about their **knowledge and information on the return process and the return**\n**assistance**, only 5 % of the respondents stated to be informed about the return package.\n8,2% of the interviewed IDPs resulted to be aware of some information campaigns\nconducted on the return process.\n\n\nThe **decision to return** is perceived to be generally made by political authorities (64,8 % of\nrespondents). Alternatively, it takes place in the family, generally taken by a family member\n(19,5 %), or it is made by the community elders in (15,6 %). On overall, 35,4 % of the\nconsulted IDPs feel that they do participate at the decision making process.\n\n\nThe **voluntary character of the return was largely confirmed** by the fact that an\noverwhelming majority of the consulted IDPs (98,8%) stated that they are not under any\npressure to return and only 3 families out of 256 respondents reported to be under some\npressure to leave the current areas of displacement. Generally, the few families that answer\npositively to this question were not keen to disclose the reason or the nature of the\npressure.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HCTendorsed Return SOPs", - "confidence": 0.8961994647979736, - "start": 26, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "area of origin", - "confidence": 0.50027996301651, - "start": 85, - "end": 88 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5869019031524658, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The intention to return of the families to their areas of origin in Central Kurrum was quite**\n**explicitly stated. 247 out of 259 respondents (95,4 %) stated to feel ready to return; while**\n**an additional 11 (4.2%) stated their intention to return but admitted that the moment is**\n**not yet conducive. 1 family responded that they are not ready to return at all.**\n\n\nIn terms of **timing of return**, the majority of the consulted IDPs that announced to be willing\nto return also stated that the return can take place as soon as possible. 39 % stated that\nthey are \u201cready to return now\u201d, 38 % would conceive to return in one month while an\nadditional 19 % feel that the appropriate time frame would be in about six months. A 4% the\nreturn was feasible but only when the situation improves, an answer largely linked to the\nsituation of lack of infrastructure and services.\n\n\n_Table 4- Return time frame_\n\n\n**4)** **Readiness to return permanently and main expected challenges**\n\n\nEven though the vast majority of respondents clearly expressed their desire to return,\nduring the survey the consulted IDPs identified a varied range of challenges to restore their\nlives in their areas of origin in Central Kurrum. Despite their unequivocal intention to return,\nthe consulted IDPs foresaw several **challenges hindering the return process.**\n\n\nThe overwhelming majority of the IDPs saw the housing situation as the main obstacle: 90%\nof respondents stated that the man difficulty in the return is the fact that their house is\ndestroyed or damaged. The agricultural land situation (destroyed or damaged) was the\nsecond most cited challenge (71,4 % of the respondents), followed by the lack of health and\neducation facilities in areas of return (68,3%) respectively. The lack of livelihood\nopportunities also figured high in the perceived challenges (44.8 %), linked to the belief or\nfactual knowledge that many of the markets were still not functioning in areas of return\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(26,6 %). A not negligible proportion of respondents (55,2%) also stated not to possess\nenough resources to face the journey back home or simply stated that the assistance was\nnot sufficient (26,6 %).\n\n\n100 % of respondents did not report any issue in terms of **house occupation** .\n\n\nWhen consulted on their **perception on the security situation in areas of return** **[3]** the\nanswers provided by the IDPs revealed that security concerns still exist, despite the\nintention to return. Some 2,3% of respondents assume that the situation is now completely\nstabilized and 7,7 % admitted that they do not have information. However, the security\nsituation seemed to be still instable for a substantial number of respondents. Some 32, 8%\nof the respondents were on the impression that their villages were still affected by ongoing\nconflict; almost 9, 3 % reported the existence of conflict in the nearby areas; while some\n18,5 % generally believed that the situation was not yet stable. Considering that areas that\nare de-notified are considered by the Government to be secure for the return, additional\nefforts may be needed by the authorities to better inform the IDPs on the current situation,\nat least from a security perspective. 59,5% of respondents were concerned about the\nrestrictions on movements.\n\n\nIn terms of repercussions on the daily life, 3,9 % of the respondents stated that it is not safe\nto run a business in their area of origin, and almost 9,3 % saw the curfew as one of the main\nobstacle to restart a normal life in areas of return. Considerable 15,1 % declared to be afraid\nof mines and Explosive Remnants of War (ERW).\n\n\nTo examine the real \u2013 rather than perceived \u2013 security concerns, a question was posed on\nthe possible security concerns of persons/ families known to have been already in the areas\nof origin/ return. Only 7,7 % of the consulted IDPs stated that some families have stayed\nduring the last 6 months in the areas of origin, mainly to look after property and start\nrebuilding their house, check the security and \u2013 to a lesser extent \u2013 cultivate their land.\nHowever, amongst those who knew about families staying in area of origin in last 6 months,\n97% stated that they did not face any security constraints, while 3 % allegedly faced security\nproblems. However it seemed to have been difficult for the enumerator to obtain clear\ninformation on what issues the individuals exactly faced.\n\n\nIn conclusion, the survey revealed that most of the consulted IDPs (201 out of 259) want to\nreturn largely because they feel options are limited in the current area of displacement. On\nthe positive side, 64 families also believe that the situation is safe and conducive, that it is\ngood time to rebuild house (28). Education and schooling cycle also seemed to play a role in\nthe decision, although minor (4.3%).\n\n\n3 Multiple answers were possible\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7388403415679932, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8283452987670898, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9234272241592407, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5606291890144348, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "enumerator", - "confidence": 0.7329853773117065, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "areas of return", - "confidence": 0.5422830581665039, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5594403147697449, - "start": 388, - "end": 389 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As for the **dynamics of the return** **within the family**, 83,1 % of the respondents stated that\nall family members will return together. Overall, the consultations seemed to indicate that\nfamily separation will not be a common trend.\n\n\n**5)** **Humanitarian needs and return/reintegration assistance**\n\n\nThe consulted IDPs were explicitly asked what kind of additional **assistance is required to**\n**support the process of return and ensure its dignified and sustainable character** . The\nanswers [4] were largely predictable. The main announced needs were food on return (96,5%\nof the respondents);transport to areas of return (91,9 %); assistance to reconstruct the\ndestroyed or damages shelters (almost 83,4 % of the respondents); improved services and\ninfrastructures, in particular in the field of education, health and WASH (76,1 %) and more\neconomic opportunities (47,9% of the respondents).\n\n\nThe identified needs indicate the extreme necessity for the Government to continue and\nstrengthen the reconstruction of the conflict-affected areas in FATA more rapidly, with\nsubstantial investments in shelter and infrastructures and with a process going in parallel\nwith the policy to openly promote return. It also emphasized the importance of the support\nrole that the humanitarian community, but also the early recovery actors can play if\nadequately financed to carry out projects in area of return.\n\n\n**6)** **Alternative solutions to return**\n\n\nAs predictable, only a minority of the consulted displaced population (1,4 % of the\nrespondents) stated that they would prefer to settle somewhere else rather than returning\nto their area of origin. In order to realise their alternative durable solution, the families\nwould mostly need short-term transition assistance package (e.g food and NFIs to help\nresettle) and housing support.\n\n\n4 Multiple answers possible\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV.** **Conclusions and recommendations**\n\n\nThe Protection Custer believes in the importance of consultation with the displaced and\nreturning population as a necessary step to ascertain the voluntary (free and well informed),\ndignified and sustainable character of the return. Despite their limitation in that they are\nbased on purposive or representative samples, Return Intention Surveys in areas of\ndisplacement and returnee monitoring in areas of return represent the tools for detecting\nintentions, knowledge, and challenges of both the return process and the reintegration.\n\n\nIt cannot be disputed that the return to FATA represents the most preferred durable\nsolution for IDPs and that so far this process has been voluntary and largely conducted with\nno pressure. It is also evident, however, that the challenging situation in the areas of\ndisplacement - largely in terms of coping mechanisms - bears weight on the intention to\nreturn; that access to information about the areas of origin and return process may be\nweak; and that there is a general expectation by returning IDPs on the challenges that they\nwill encounter in areas of origin, mainly linked to lack of shelter, the loss of livelihood\nopportunities, and the lack or weakness of basic services such as health, education, and\ninfrastructure.\n\n\n_**Main recommendations**_\n\n\n- Consultations with the returning population and with returnees in the initial phases of\nthe return and reintegration process should continue, in line with the HCT-endorsed\nSOP on return and with the 2010 \u201cPolicy Framework for IDP Return to FATA\u201d, in order\nto inform the attitude and the decision-making process of the humanitarian community\nwhen supporting the authorities to organise the return of the IDP population to FATA.\nAdditional efforts should be made in reaching out to the female population. _[Protection_\n_Cluster]_\n\n- Authorities shall continue to grant and enhance humanitarian access in areas of\ndisplacement and areas of return to allow for an unhindered process of monitoring and\nconsultations with the affected population _[Civil and Military authorities]._\n\n- To foster the debate within the Return Task Force, and concretely inform the decisionmaking process, concrete action plans should be prepared and presented by the\nauthorities in FATA on how they intend to support the dignified and sustainable\ncharacter of the return. These plans should include an analytical report on the current\nsituation in areas of return (security situation, status of infrastructures, possible areas\nof military occupation, available services) as well as a the concrete\nreconstruction/rehabilitation plans of the Government for the return areas, including\nindications on the interventions that the authorities consider as priority to be\nsupported by the humanitarian community. _[Local authorities within the Return Task_\n_Force]._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Enhanced information should be made available to IDPs before the return process, in\nparticular on the status of available services in areas of return, on the reconstruction/\nrehabilitation plans of the authorities, on the housing compensation process, on the\nprocess of return and the assistance offered, and on the foreseen initial return and\nreintegration assistance _[Local authorities in cooperation with the humanitarian_\n_community / HRT and actors with expertise in mass communication]._\n\n- The process of housing compensation to returning IDPs who had their shelter partially\nor completely destroyed by the military operation should be strengthened, including\nwith more information to the IDPs, and a faster implementation rate [ _Local authorities_\n_with the possible support of the humanitarian actors in awareness rising]._\n\n- Civil documentation support in areas of return should be enhanced, including for\nwomen, to improve mobility and reduce the risks of restrictions or security searches\noften perceived as harassing practices _[Local authorities and NADRA]._\n\n- The possibility to organise \u201cGo & See\u201d visits in cooperation with the local authorities\nshould be considered, in line with the HCT-endorsed SOPs on Return, to enhance first\nhand information on the areas of origin for the returning IDPs _[Local authorities and_\n_humanitarian community through the Return Task Force]._\n\n- If the conditions of voluntary and safe character of the return process are satisfactorily\nassessed, the humanitarian community should continue to support the return process\nas the most preferred durable solution, including with transport, gender-sensitive\nreception facilities and initial reintegration packages. Specific attention should be\ndevoted to those sectors highlighted as major concerns by the returning IDPs during the\nmonitoring and consultation process (housing, livelihood, water health and education\nservices), and to the situation of populations with specific needs _[HRT, HCT, clusters]._\n\n- Renewed efforts should be addressed to the early recovery process in FATA, including\nthrough generous donor support to the re-launched Early Recovery Assistance\nFramework (ERAF). These efforts should be combined with a concrete possibility to\ndirectly carry out and directly monitor the project implementation through facilitated\naccess by the civil and military authorities to areas of return _[donors, humanitarian_\n_community, UNDP, Early Recovery Working Group, FATA authorities]._\n\n- Psychosocial support should be provided specifically to the children and women by\nestablishment of child friendly spaces as women protective space _[Local authorities in_\n_cooperation with the humanitarian community / HRT and actors with appropriate_\n_expertise]._\n\n\nEND\n\n\nProtection Cluster Peshawar/ February 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT**\n\n\n**RETURN INTENTION FORM**\n\n\n**Informed Consent:** _We are from XXX and are here to understand what information you have, your intention and any_\n_concerns regarding return to your area of origin. The survey will not directly lead to any changes in the assistance you_\n_are being offered. It is intended to help us better represent your opinions with the actors/ stakeholders that provide_\n_assistance and organize returns, such as authorities and humanitarian community. You do not have to participate but_\n_if you do it will be anonymous, you may also choose to not answer particular questions for any reasons. This session_\n_will take about X minutes._\n\n\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PI5. Place of origin|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Origin district / agency_||\n|_2._
_Origin tehsil_||\n|_3._
_Origin village:_||\n\n\n|PI6A. Are you registered as IDP?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n|_3._
_I don\u2019t know_|O|\n\n\n|PI6B. Are you registered to return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_4._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_5._
_No_|O|\n|_6._
_I don\u2019t know_|O|\n\n\n|PI7. Are you currently able to collect food?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n|_3._
_I don\u2019t know_|O|\n\n\n|GI GENERAL INFORMATION|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**GI1 ID Number (Auto)**||\n|**GI2 Date of survey**(dd /mm / yy)||\n|**GI3 Time of survey**(hh / mm)|Skipped|\n|**GI4 Interviewer Name**||\n|**GI5 Survey location?**|**GI5 Survey location?**|\n|1. Jalozai|O|\n|2. Thgh Sarai|O
|\n|3. New durrani|O|\n|4. Spontaneous camp|O|\n|5. Host community|O|\n|**GI6 Current district**||\n|**GI7 Current Tehsil**||\n|**GI8 Current Union Council**||\n|**GI9 Current Village**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PI1. Gender of respondent:|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Male_|O|\n|_2._
_Female_|O|\n\n\n|PI8. No of family members:|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**PI9. # of displaced children <5 years:**||\n|**PI10. How many children attending school:**||\n|**PI11. How many persons 60 + Year\u2019s old:**||\n|**PI12. How many persons with disability:**||\n|**PI13. How many pregnant / lactating women:**||\n\n\n|PI2. Are you a head of household?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_6._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_7._
_NO_|O|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PI3. Are you a community leader?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|PI4. Age group of respondent?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_12-18 Y_|O|\n|_2._
_19-29 Y_|O|\n|_3._
_30-59 Y_|O|\n|_4._
_60+ Y_|O|\n\n\n|DI1. When did you leave your area of origin?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_1-6 months_|O|\n|_2._
_6 Months -12 Months_|O|\n|_3._
_12 Months-18 Months_|O|\n|_4._
_More than 18 Months_|O|\n\n\n|DI2. What was the reason for displacement?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Military operation_|_1._
_Military operation_|O
|\n|_2._
_Sectarians / Ethnic violence_|_2._
_Sectarians / Ethnic violence_|O
|\n|_3._
_Individual threat_|_3._
_Individual threat_|O|\n|_4._
_Destruction of livelihood opportunities due to te_
_conflict_|_4._
_Destruction of livelihood opportunities due to te_
_conflict_|O|\n|_5._
_Other_|_5._
_Other_|O|\n|**_DI2X Specify other:_**|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RETURN INTENTION FORM", - "confidence": 0.7807350754737854, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7756500244140625, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GI GENERAL INFORMATION", - "confidence": 0.6661757826805115, - "start": 366, - "end": 369 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GI5 Survey location", - "confidence": 0.7556557059288025, - "start": 451, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5835863947868347, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|IV6. Do you know about any return assistance package being
offered by either the Government or humanitarian agencies?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to IV9) _|O|\n\n\n|DI1. When did you arrive at the site?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_1-6 months_|O
|\n|_2._
_6 Months -12 Months_|O|\n|_3._
_12 Months-18 Months_|O|\n|_4._
_18 Months +_|O|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|IV1. Do you have information about the situation in area of origin?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV2. Do you need more information on any of these topics:
A. Safety and security in areas of origin|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_B._
_Situation of your house_
_C._
_Water health and education facilities available_
_D._
_Status of crops/other livelihood sources (e.g._
_shops)_

|


|\n|_X._
_Other_

**_IV2X Specify other_**
|_X._
_Other_

**_IV2X Specify other_**
|\n\n\n|IV3. How do you receive information about your area of origin?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_A._
_I visited my home_|_A._
_I visited my home_||\n|

_B._
_From other people who are in my area of origin or_
_visited the area_

|

_B._
_From other people who are in my area of origin or_
_visited the area_

|

|\n|_C._
_Family members (who have not visited the area)_|_C._
_Family members (who have not visited the area)_||\n|_D._
_Other members of the community (who have not_
_visited the areas of origin)_|_D._
_Other members of the community (who have not_
_visited the areas of origin)_|
|\n|_E._
_Media_|_E._
_Media_||\n|_F._
_Government official_|_F._
_Government official_||\n|_G._
_Camp management_|_G._
_Camp management_||\n|_H._
_Religious authorities_|_H._
_Religious authorities_||\n|_I._
_Humanitarian workers_|_I._
_Humanitarian workers_||\n|_X._
_Other_|_X._
_Other_||\n|**_IV3X Specify Other:_**|||\n\n\n|IV4. Would a \u201cgo& see\u201d visit be useful?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to IV6) _|O|\n\n\n|IV5. If \u201cYes\u201d who should go?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Community leaders_|_1._
_Community leaders_|O|\n|_2._
_Male heads of households_|_2._
_Male heads of households_|O|\n|_3._
_Women_|_3._
_Women_|O|\n|_4._
_Other_|_4._
_Other_|O|\n|**_IV5X Specify Other_**|||\n\n\n|IV7. From whom do you have information about the assistance
package to return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Political authorities_|O|\n|_2._
_Camp management_|O|\n|_3._
_Community elders_|O|\n|_4._
_Family member_|O
|\n|_5._
_Media_|O
|\n|_6._
_Humanitarian workers_
|O|\n\n\n|IV8. What do you know is being offered?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_A._
_Transport_
_B._
_Food for certain period_
_C._
_NFI\u2019s_|

|\n|

_D._
_Housing assistance_
_E._
_Housing compensation for persons with damaged_
_or destroyed houses_
_X._
_Other_|


|\n|


**_IV8XSpecify other:_**

|


**_IV8XSpecify other:_**

|\n\n\n|IV9. Are you aware of any information campaign conducted in your
community regarding the return process (when it happens,
how etc)?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV10. Who is primarily responsible for making the decision about
whether you return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Political authorities_|O|\n|_2._
_Camp management_|O|\n|_3._
_Community elders_|O
|\n|_4._
_Family members_|O
|\n|_5._
_Media_|O
|\n|_6._
_Humanitarian workers_|O|\n\n\n|IV11. Do you participate in decision making process?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV12. Are you under pressure to return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to RR1) _|O|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|IV1. Do you have information about the situation in area of origin?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV1. Do you have information about the situation in area of origin? 1. Yes O 2. No O|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**IV2. Do you need more information on any of these topics:**
_A._
_Safety and security in areas of origin_

_B._
_Situation of your house_
|**IV2. Do you need more information on any of these topics:**
_A._
_Safety and security in areas of origin_

_B._
_Situation of your house_
|\n|

_C._
_Water health and education facilities available_
_D._
_Status of crops/other livelihood sources (e.g._
_shops)_
_X._
_Other_|


|\n|


**_IV2X Specify other_**

|


**_IV2X Specify other_**

|\n\n\n|A. I visited my home|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_B._
_From other people who are in my area of origin or_
_visited the area_||\n|
_C._
_Family members (who have not visited the area)_||\n|_D._
_Other members of the community (who have not_
_visited the areas of origin)_|
|\n|_E._
_Media_
_F._
_Government official_
_G._
_Camp management_
_H._
_Religious authorities_|


|\n|


_I._
_Humanitarian workers_

_X._
_Other_

**_IV3X Specify Other:_**
|


_I._
_Humanitarian workers_

_X._
_Other_

**_IV3X Specify Other:_**
|\n\n\n|IV4. Would a \u201cgo& see\u201d visit be useful?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_

|O
|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to IV6) _|O|\n\n\n|IV5. If \u201cYes\u201d who should go?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Community leaders_

|_1._
_Community leaders_

|O
|\n|_2._
_Male heads of households_|_2._
_Male heads of households_|O|\n|_3._
_Women_|_3._
_Women_|O|\n|_4._
_Other_|_4._
_Other_|O|\n|**_IV5X Specify Other_**|||\n\n\n|IV6. Do you know about any return assistance package being
offered by either the Government or humanitarian agencies?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to IV9) _|O|\n\n\n|IV7. From whom do you have information about the assistance
package to return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|
_1._
_Political authorities_|O|\n|_2._
_Camp management_|O|\n\n\n|3. Community elders|O|\n|---|---|\n|_4._
_Family member_|O|\n|_5._
_Media_|O|\n|_6._
_Humanitarian workers_|O|\n\n\n|IV8. What do you know is being offered?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_A._
_Transport_
_B._
_Food for certain period_

|

|\n|_C._
_NFI\u2019s_
_D._
_Housing assistance_
_E._
_Housing compensation for persons with damaged_
_or destroyed houses_

|


|\n|_X._
_Other_

**_IV8XSpecify other:_**
|_X._
_Other_

**_IV8XSpecify other:_**
|\n\n\n|IV9. Are you aware of any information campaign conducted in your
community regarding the return process (when it happens,
how etc)?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O
|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV11. Do you participate in decision making process?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No_|O|\n\n\n|IV12. Are you under pressure to return?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|_2._
_No(Skip to RR1) _|O|\n\n\n|IV13. If IV12=\u201cYes\u201d how are you under pressure?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_I was told I must return by political authorities_|O|\n|_2._
_I was told I must return by elders/community_
_members_|O|\n|
_3._
_I was told I must return by humanitarian workers_

|O
|\n|_4._
_The assistance I receive in displacement is_
_inadequate_|O
|\n|_5._
_The camp is closing/assistance will stop_|O|\n|_6._
_Other (please specify)_|O|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|RR1. Have they had any security problems?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|1 Yes|O|\n|2 No(skip to HN1)|O|\n\n\n|HN4. What is the condition of your house in your area of origin?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Destroyed_|_1._
_Destroyed_|O|\n|_2._
_Partially damaged_|_2._
_Partially damaged_|O|\n|_3._
_Don\u2019t know_**_(Skip to HN8)_**|_3._
_Don\u2019t know_**_(Skip to HN8)_**|O|\n|_4._
_Intact/ not damaged_**_(Skip to HN8)_**|_4._
_Intact/ not damaged_**_(Skip to HN8)_**|O|\n|_5._
_Other_
|_5._
_Other_
|O|\n|**_HN4X Specify Other:_**|
|
|\n\n\n|RR3. If RR1 \u201cYes\u201d Is there any specific reason to want to go
home immediately|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_A._
_It is safe now_|_A._
_It is safe now_|
|\n|_B._
_Good time to rebuild home_|_B._
_Good time to rebuild home_|
|\n|_C._
_Good time to cultivate_|_C._
_Good time to cultivate_|
|\n|_D._
_School begins_|_D._
_School begins_||\n|_E._
_We have no other option/life in displacement_
_worse than in area of origin_|_E._
_We have no other option/life in displacement_
_worse than in area of origin_||\n|**_X._**
**_Other_**|**_X._**
**_Other_**||\n|**_RR10X Specify Other:_**|||\n\n\n|RR4. If RR1 \u201cYes\u201d will you be taking all your family members
with you?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|1
Yes|1
Yes|O|\n|2
No, some will come back after|2
No, some will come back after|O|\n|3
Other|3
Other|O|\n|**_RR13X Specify Other:_**|||\n\n\n\n\n|HN5. For those who have damaged or destroyed house, are
there any obstacles to rebuilding|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Not permitted to re-build_|_1._
_Not permitted to re-build_|O|\n|_2._
_Not the right time in the year_|_2._
_Not the right time in the year_|O|\n|_3._
_I lack the material_|_3._
_I lack the material_|O|\n|_4._
_I lack human resources to rebuild_|_4._
_I lack human resources to rebuild_|O|\n|_5._
_I am rebuilding but need support_|_5._
_I am rebuilding but need support_|O|\n|_6._
_Other (please specify)_|_6._
_Other (please specify)_|O|\n|**_HN5X Specify other:_**|||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|HN1. What ADDITIONAL assistance do you need to return to your
area of origin? (select all that apply)|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_A._
_Transport_|_A._
_Transport_|
|\n|_B._
_Food on return_|_B._
_Food on return_||\n|_C._
_Registration_|_C._
_Registration_||\n|_D._
_Shelter Reconstruction Assistance_|_D._
_Shelter Reconstruction Assistance_||\n|_E._
_Housing compensation_|_E._
_Housing compensation_|
|\n|_F._
_Services (Education, Health, Water etc)_|_F._
_Services (Education, Health, Water etc)_|
|\n|_G._
_Special assistance (Children, PWDs)_|_G._
_Special assistance (Children, PWDs)_|
|\n|_H._
_Housing land and property issues resolved_|_H._
_Housing land and property issues resolved_|
|\n|_I._
_More economic opportunities_|_I._
_More economic opportunities_||\n|_J._
_I do not want to go back/not safe to go back_|_J._
_I do not want to go back/not safe to go back_|
|\n|_x._
_Other_
|_x._
_Other_
||\n|**_HN1X Specify other_**|
|
|\n\n\n|HN2. Are there any specific concerns about women returning?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_
O|_1._
_Yes_
O|\n|_2._
_No_**_(Skip to HN4)_**|O|\n\n\n|Col1|HN8. Add any detail|\n|---|---|\n||



|\n\n\n|HN6. If HN5=1 \u201cNot permitted to re-build\u201d, By whom?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|1
Landlord|1
Landlord|O|\n|2
Authorities (army, government)|2
Authorities (army, government)|O|\n|3
Other (please specify)|3
Other (please specify)|O|\n|**_HN6X Specify other:_**|||\n\n\n|HN7. Do you know about housing compensation?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Never heard about it_|_1._
_Never heard about it_|O|\n|_2._
_I received it_|_2._
_I received it_|O|\n|_3._
_I am listed by authorities but I did not_
_received it_|_3._
_I am listed by authorities but I did not_
_received it_|O|\n|_4._
_My Name is not on the authorities\u2019 list_|_4._
_My Name is not on the authorities\u2019 list_|O|\n|_5._
_Other_|_5._
_Other_|O|\n|**_HN7X Specify other:_**|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**HN HUMANITARIAN NEEDS**\n\n\n|AR1. If RR1=2 \u201cNo\u201d Would you prefer to re-settle somewhere
else instead of returning to origin area?|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|_1._
_Yes_|O|\n|2.
_No_(skip to AR6)|O|\n\n\n|AR2. If AR1 \u201cyes\u201d What would you need to re-settle elsewhere
(e.g. in KP)|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Nothing needed_|_1._
_Nothing needed_|O|\n|_2._
_Assistance needed_|_2._
_Assistance needed_|O|\n|_3._
_I/we are not permitted to resettle_|_3._
_I/we are not permitted to resettle_|O|\n|_4._
_Other_|_4._
_Other_|O|\n|**_AR2X Specify other:_**|||\n\n\n|AR3. If AR2 = Assistance is needed, What assistance do you
need to resettle?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_Short-term transition assistance package (e.g_
_food and NFIs to help resettle)_|_1._
_Short-term transition assistance package (e.g_
_food and NFIs to help resettle)_|O|\n|_2._
_Housing support_|_2._
_Housing support_|O|\n|_3._
_Livelihood assistance_|_3._
_Livelihood assistance_|O|\n|_4._
_Other_|_4._
_Other_|O|\n|**_AR3X Specify Other_**|||\n\n\n|AR4. If AR2=3 How are you not permitted?|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_1._
_We will be seen as \u201copposing the authorities_
_instructions\u201d if we do not return to FATA_|_1._
_We will be seen as \u201copposing the authorities_
_instructions\u201d if we do not return to FATA_|O|\n|_2._
_We have been told that we must return to FATA_
_by political authorities_|_2._
_We have been told that we must return to FATA_
_by political authorities_|O|\n|_3._
_We have been told we must return to FATA by_
_elders/community members_|_3._
_We have been told we must return to FATA by_
_elders/community members_|O|\n|_4._
_We have been told we must return to FATA by_
_humanitarian workers_|_4._
_We have been told we must return to FATA by_
_humanitarian workers_|O|\n|_5._
_Other_|_5._
_Other_|O|\n|**_AR4X Specify Other_**|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex II \u2013 2010 Return Policy Framework**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A **nnex III\u2013 De-notified locations in Central-Kurram**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/07012328-817a-3f47-8409-dd5cd70933af/RIS%20Central%20Kurrum%202014%20final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_59/raw/doc_59_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_59/raw/doc_59_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d22d4760309b954b7636899f0c06aa9c05b12135..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_59/raw/doc_59_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Protection Sector\nRefugee Response, Thailand\n\n\n## _DRAFT_\n\n\n# **Protection Analysis**\n\nRefugee influxes from Myanmar, February 2022\n\n#### Background\n\n\nSince early 2021, widespread violence against civilians across Myanmar and the\nresurgence of clashes between the Myanmar Military (Tatmadaw) and ethnic armed groups\nin border areas have forcibly displaced thousands of people within Myanmar and to\nneighbouring countries. Since the end of March 2021, approximately 15,700 refugees have\ncrossed into Thailand to flee the conflict and seek protection, including a high proportion of\nwomen, children, and older persons. Many refugees were received and accommodated in\nTemporary Safety Areas managed by the Royal Thai Army. While most refugees\nsubsequently returned to Myanmar, thousands of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)\nlocated close to the Thai-Myanmar border remain at high risk of harm, and along with others\nnewly displaced, may seek to cross the international border to escape persecution and the\nsituation of generalized violence.\n\nThe protection analysis presents the main protection threats, risks, vulnerabilities, and\ncoping strategies of refugees in Thailand who have fled Myanmar since 1 February 2021.\nThe protection analysis was developed by the Protection Sector on the basis of findings\nfrom protection monitoring activities, involving interviews with refugees and key informants,\nand desk review of publicly available information. The methodology reflects the ongoing\naccess restrictions to Temporary Safety Areas, limiting the ability of protection actors to\nassess needs comprehensively and conduct protection activities. On 2 February, an interagency workshop with members of the protection sector was the opportunity to review\npriority issues and validate the recommendations. This analysis aims to inform inter-agency\ndecisions, advocacy and programming.\n\n### Priority Protection Risks\n\n#### Current Threats\n\n\n**Refoulement**\nMyanmar nationals fleeing conflict-affected localities located near the border have been\nallowed to enter Temporary Safety Areas in Thailand, managed by the Royal Thai Army,\nor have sought safety in remote, informal and temporary campsites, located along the\nborder. The refugees who used irregular border crossing points from districts not\nimmediately affected by conflict, often taking the same routes as migrants, were at risk of\narrest and deportation. Between June 2021 and December 2021, according to media\nsources and the Centre for COVID19 Situation Administration, it is estimated that more\nthan 20,000 Myanmar nationals have been arrested for non-compliance with COVID-19\nrestrictions, involving primarily irregular entries into Thailand. During the same period, the\nImmigration authorities and the media reported that more than 23,000 Myanmar Individuals\nwere deported from provinces located at Thai-Myanmar Border. These deportations\noccurred without safeguards to identify people in need of international protection.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection analysis", - "confidence": 0.9946857690811157, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Sector", - "confidence": 0.9935169219970703, - "start": 213, - "end": 215 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Thailand", - "confidence": 0.7223441004753113, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6161755919456482, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/468a1641-f6a1-34ec-a8f7-c70f9a115006/220215_Protection%20Analysis_February%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thailand is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and does not have specific\nrefugee legislation. To date, there is no formal procedure for refugees fleeing generalized\nviolence and conflict in Myanmar to apply for asylum in Thailand.\n\n\n**Armed violence**\nLocated on average less than three kilometres from the Myanmar border, the Temporary\nSafety Areas do not provide sufficient guarantees for the safety and security of refugees.\nFor instance, on 12 January, one refugee in Mae Kon Kane Temporary Safety Area was\ninjured by shrapnel and a stray bullet punctured one of the water tanks inside the site, when\nthe fighting in Myanmar was less than one kilometre away from the Thai border.\n\n\n**Abuse and exploitation**\nIn Mae Kon Kane Temporary Safety Area, refugee women and girls have raised concerns\nover the risk of gender-based violence including domestic violence, highlighting the\ncrowded, unfamiliar, and highly stressful environment. The lack of segregated washing\nfacilities and toilets was noted as an additional risk factor. Several reports have confirmed\nthe presence of unaccompanied and separated children on the site. Family separation\nreportedly occurred during the flight to Thailand or following the death of a parent once in\nThailand. In such circumstances, the risks of abuse and exploitation are significant.\n\nThere is no protection mechanism in place in temporary safety areas to prevent, identify\nand respond to abuse and exploitation, including gender-based violence. Similarly, there is\nno protection mechanism in place to respond to family separation and ensure that the best\ninterest of the child is safeguarded in all circumstances. Given the prevalence of these\nviolations in displacement situations, the lack of available information and response\nsystems are of concern.\n\n\n**Limited freedom of movement**\nThe refugees are not able to move freely beyond the Temporary Safety Areas, due to\nsecurity and public health concerns, according to the Royal Thai Army which manages\naccess to the sites. Refugees located outside of temporary safety areas are at risk of arrest\nand deportation.\n\n\n**An ad hoc response for basic needs**\nThe RTG preferred approach for the immediate assistance of refugees is to rely on private\ndonations and local civil society organizations, without prior multisector needs\nassessments or allowing traditional humanitarian actors to support. While the generosity\nand spirit of solidarity of these local actors are remarkable, this ad hoc and relatively\nuncoordinated approach can lead to insufficient and inadequate assistance being provided.\nFor instance, for Non-Food Items, mosquito nets, diapers, and baby milk were missing but\ndonated second-hand clothes accumulated because volunteers did not have the capacity\nto sort and distribute them. During recent influxes, reports of donation stockpiles running\nout after a few weeks also highlighted the unsustainable character of this modus operandi.\n\n**Returns in adverse conditions**\nAvailable information suggests that some returns to Myanmar from Temporary Safety\nAreas have taken place in adverse conditions. Some refugees did not have all the\ninformation they needed about the situation in places of origin to make an informed decision\nabout return. Inadequate conditions for longer dignified stay in temporary safety areas also\ncontributed to pressuring some refugees to return.\n\nFurthermore, many refugee returnees did not go back to their homes but to situations of\ninternal displacement in Myanmar. Some villages were burned while some areas of origin\nare dangerous due to newly laid landmines. Returnees opted to move to IDP sites despite\nthe limited assistance there and the risk of attacks by the Tatmadaw and other armed\ngroups.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available information", - "confidence": 0.6166579127311707, - "start": 513, - "end": 515 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.8682075142860413, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6284499168395996, - "start": 533, - "end": 534 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/468a1641-f6a1-34ec-a8f7-c70f9a115006/220215_Protection%20Analysis_February%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Impact on refugees\n\n**Loss of life, persecution**\nRepatriation in circumstances that are not conducive to voluntary returns in safety and\ndignity can result in serious harm for refugees, including loss of life. On 3 January, a 42year-old refugee returnee woman was killed by shelling outside of Lay Kay Kaw, Myanmar.\nOn 25 January, three IDPs were injured after stepping on landmines near the Thai border\nin an area on the other side of the Moei River from Ban Muen Rue Chai of Phob Phra\ndistrict, Thailand. Some refugees would also be at high risk of persecution due to their\npolitical or other profiles.\n\n**Inadequate assistance and services for a dignified stay**\nNo comprehensive needs assessments have been conducted in temporary safety areas\ndue to restrictions on humanitarian access. The number and gender-age breakdown of\nbeneficiaries were not systematically available. Consequently, assistance was often\nprovided based on estimated figures and second-hand information and focused on the\nmost visible and general needs, which included in particular food, health, water, latrines\nand shelter. Some non-food items were provided. Furthermore, most temporary safety\nareas were only suitable for a very short stay, with no existing accommodations or wash\nfacilities to host refugees. For instance, Mae Kon Kane Temporary Safety Area is a\ncowshed. In these conditions, the human dignity of refugees cannot be safeguarded.\n\n**Neglect of people with specific needs**\nDuring recent influxes, older persons, pregnant and lactating women, newborn babies, and\npersons with disabilities were reported in Temporary Safety Areas. It is likely that less\nvisible groups of Persons with Specific Needs were not identified, such as unaccompanied\nchildren, survivors of torture or sexual violence, or persons at high risk of harm in Myanmar\ndue to their political profile. While some health and nutrition support has been provided in\nsome circumstances, vulnerable individuals have not received the level of tailored services\nand assistance required to ensure that their specific needs are addressed, leaving them at\nincreased risk of harm.\n\n**Lack of timely, accurate, and relevant information**\nRefugees have expressed the need to be better informed on the availability of social and\nprotection services, procedures related to family reunification, and information on safety\nand security, including about the ongoing fighting and returnability to Myanmar. In Mae Kon\nKane Temporary Safety areas, although the Thai authorities provided situation updates to\nthe refugees, the refugees were not allowed to use mobile phones and charge them onsite,\nand therefore were not able to verify and gather further news themselves to make informed\ndecisions on returns.\n\n#### Existing capacity to address protection risks\n\n\n**Refugee volunteers and community activities**\nDuring recent influxes, refugees organized themselves to support community cooking and\nother communal activities. Refugee volunteers facilitated the distribution of assistance\nprovided by local actors with no direct access to the site. In some instances, they referred\nindividuals with specific needs requiring additional support to the site managers or other\nactors with access. Coming from border areas with existing relationships in Thailand, some\nrefugees were able to mobilize their own families and social networks for help.\n\n\n**Local Civil Society Organizations**\nThere is a wide network of local civil society organizations (CSOs) implementing various\nactivities in border areas. They are often trusted by local authorities and able to reach even\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "comprehensive needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.6403337717056274, - "start": 134, - "end": 137 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "temporary safety areas", - "confidence": 0.9799586534500122, - "start": 141, - "end": 144 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.7666600346565247, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/468a1641-f6a1-34ec-a8f7-c70f9a115006/220215_Protection%20Analysis_February%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "remote areas to deliver assistance. In Mae Hong Son province, many CSOs have a long\nexperience working in the refugee temporary shelters, usually providing basic assistance\nsuch as food, health and WASH. Although some of these actors have a long experience\ndelivering humanitarian assistance, their capacity varies, with gaps in terms of protection\nexpertise in particular.\n\n#### Operational challenges\n\n\n**Denial of humanitarian access for traditional actors**\nThe response of traditional humanitarian actors is hampered by access constraints.\nAccording to the RTG SOPs, Thailand will initially receive refugees at temporary safety\nareas managed by the RTA. Traditional humanitarian actors will only be able to provide\ndirect assistance after refugees are moved to holding areas designated and managed by\nProvincial authorities. In practice, no relocation has taken place and humanitarian actors\nhave not been granted access to provide complementary support, despite the humanitarian\nneeds reported by local authorities or refugees.\n\n**Hard-to-reach areas**\nLogistical access to remote areas where refugees sought refuge can be challenging and\nrequire boats, motorbikes or hiking through the jungle. Such access restrictions limit the\ntype of assistance that can be provided. In addition, communications in remote border\nareas have been slowed at times by the lack of mobile networks or internet connectivity.\n\n\n**Fragmented presence of traditional humanitarian actors**\nTraditional humanitarian actors are concentrated around the nine temporary shelters along\nthe Thai-Myanmar border, with limited presence in other areas. For instance, few traditional\nhumanitarian actors are present in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces, bordering\nSouthern Shan State, Myanmar.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/468a1641-f6a1-34ec-a8f7-c70f9a115006/220215_Protection%20Analysis_February%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Recommended Actions\n\n**Humanitarian actors**\n\n - In light of the risks of unintended negative effects of humanitarian activities in\nTemporary Safety Areas, all humanitarian actors should consider the guiding\nprinciples of the Guidance Note on Assistance in Temporary Safety Areas before\nimplementation.\n\n - All sectors should support protection mainstreaming, including incorporating\nquestions in sector-specific needs assessment or during implementation to better\nunderstand refugee protection risks. The 5-Action Strategy for Protection\nMainstreaming developed by the Protection Sector provides additional guidance\nfor sector leads and members.\n\n - Use inter-agency referral pathways and service mappings for the coordination of\nassistance, to prevent duplications, address gaps and strengthen consistent\nengagement with local actors.\n\n - Invest resources in building the capacity of local civil society organizations with the\nability to assist refugees where they are displaced and advocate for site-level\nexpansion of the protection space.\n\n - Advocating for refugee rights in Thailand can start with raising awareness about\nthe situation in Myanmar. This action can be undertaken by all humanitarian actors.\n\n**Donors**\n\n - Collaborative advocacy can strengthen efforts to safeguard refugees\u2019 rights.\n\n - Non-earmarked funding can facilitate flexible responses to diverse needs across\ndifferent border areas in a fast-evolving humanitarian environment.\n\n - The authorities managing Temporary Safety Areas have usually requested that no\nvisibility be used, for instance on assistance packages, vehicles or staff clothing.\nSome flexibility may be necessary regarding donors\u2019 standard visibility\nrequirements.\n\n\n**RTG/RTA**\n\n - Humanitarian needs should be assessed comprehensively to facilitate the\nadequate provision of assistance, address gaps and prevent duplication as well as\nidentify Persons with Specific Needs.\n\n - The establishment of referral pathways is essential to ensure that unaccompanied\nchildren, survivors of gender-based violence and other Persons with Specific\nNeeds can access specialized services outside of temporary safety areas if\nnecessary.\n\n - A clarification of the timeframe for the relocation of refugees hosted in Temporary\nSafety Areas at the border to holding areas where they can access safer and more\ndignified temporary accommodation as well as receive improved humanitarian\nassistance would facilitate preparedness and adequate support to the authorities.\n\n - Refugee influxes into Thailand should be managed as a humanitarian situation\nrather than as a matter pertaining to national security. Thailand\u2019s obligations under\ninternational human rights law apply.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/468a1641-f6a1-34ec-a8f7-c70f9a115006/220215_Protection%20Analysis_February%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_590/raw/doc_590_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_590/raw/doc_590_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c0055b2e9bf0776ffc0cc6098fd46922fdae2753..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_590/raw/doc_590_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,432 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Return intention survey**\n\n\n**Shalozan Tangi, Kurrum agency**\n\n\n**June 2014**\n\n\n**I.** **Background**\n\n\nKurrum Agency is the only tribal region in the country\u2019s semi-autonomous seven tribal\nterritories which has a large number of Shiites - the rest of the six tribal agencies are\noverwhelmingly inhabited by Sunni Muslims. According to official figures, its total\npopulation is 500,000, with 58 percent Sunni and 42 percent Shiite. The majority of the\nShiites live in the upper part of the Kurrum Agency, while Sunnis inhabit lower and central\nKurrum. The population of Kurrum valley consists of a number of tribes, namely Turi,\nBangash, Parachamkani, Massozai, Alisherzai, Zaimusht, Mangal, Kharotai, Ghalgi and\nHazara. There was also a sizeable Sikh population but most of them have left the valley.\nSectarian violence is not a new phenomenon in Kurrum Agency where well over 4000\npeople have been killed in clashes between the Sunni and Shia tribes since the decade of\n1980s. Kurrum Agency is divided into three tehsils: upper Kurrum, lower Kurrum and central\nKurrum.\n\n\nIn April and November 2007, the worst sectarian clashes started in the history of Kurrum\nagency. These clashes started in upper Kurrum agency and soon spread over both upper and\nlower sub-divisions of the agency and families started fleeing to down districts, Hangu,\nKohat Peshawar etc.\n\n\nThe government notified the entire Kurrum agency as a conflict zone and requested the\nhumanitarian agency for registration and assistance. UNHCR established registration desks\nthrough Social Welfare department in Hangu and Kohat for the IDP families but after the\nbombing incident at the Kacha Paka registration centre in Kohat on 2nd May 2010 claiming\n42 lives, the registration centres were closed and re-established in Peshawar with proper\nsecurity measures.\n\n\nIn August 2010, the military operation started against the militants in central Kurrum\ndisplacing three out of four main tribes (Ali Sherzai, Zamousht and Masozai while\nParachamkani was not displaced in 2010). In close coordination with FATA disaster\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Management Authority (FDMA) the registration desks was established in Sadda, lower\nKurrum. An IDP camp for the most vulnerable families was established in New Durrani,\nlower Kurrum. Parachamkani is the fourth main tribe of central Kurrum and was displaced\nlast year in May and returned after three months when the area was cleared by the military\nand political administration.\n\n\nShalozan Tangi is located in upper Kurrum. A protection cluster mission was conducted from\n22 to 24 April 2014, composed of FDMA, protection cluster, UNHCR and WFP staff. On 22\nand 24 April villages in lower Kurrum were visited while on 23 April upper Kurrum villages\nwere assessed along with visit of New Durrani camp. [1] Shalozan Tangi area was visited as\nwell.\n\n\n_Map 1: Kurrum agency_\n\n\nFATA Secretariat through FDMA informed the humanitarian community that 19 villages had\nbeen de-notified in 2012. The return to Shalozan Tangi area was discussed in the Return\nTask Force (RTF) held on 21 May 2014. FDMA requested for facilitation from the\nhumanitarian community to enable approximately 600 IDPs (including unregistered families)\naffected by conflict and sectarian violence respectively to return to Shalozan Tangi areas in\nKurrum agency.\n\n\n1 See Protection cluster report on mission to Kurrum 22- 26 April 2014 available at\n[https://pak.humanitarianresponse.info/search/type/document/clusters/93?search_api_vie](https://pak.humanitarianresponse.info/search/type/document/clusters/93?search_api_views_fulltext)\n[ws_fulltext=](https://pak.humanitarianresponse.info/search/type/document/clusters/93?search_api_views_fulltext)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Responding to the evolving situation, in line with the Return SOP endorsed by the\nHumanitarian Country Team (HCT) in February 2012, but also in accordance with the\n\u201cReturn Policy Framework for IDP from FATA\u201d endorsed by the FATA authorities in 2010, the\nProtection Cluster agreed to conduct a series of consultations with the Shalozan Tangi\npopulation to capture their intentions and position vis-\u00e0-vis the return process.\n\n\n**II.** **Methodology**\n\n\nAfter the crosscheck of UNHCR data on Shalozan Tangi IDPs, 359 records were found. Out of\nthose, telephone numbers were available for 171 families. The return intention survey was\nconducted through IVAP call centre (enumerators trained by protection cluster on 20 May\n2014 on the return intention survey form) and 137 of IDPs responded to the calls. The\nquantitative data collection was facilitated by the use of Personal Data Assistants (PDAs)\nprogrammed with ODK system software. The RIS was conducted by 6 enumerators who\ncontacted displaced families from a call centre using the contact information available\nthrough the IVAP records. This strategy was chosen due to limited time constraint before\nthe start of returns.\n\n\nFrom 23 to 25 May 2014, 137 interviews were conducted with the Shalozan Tangi displaced\npopulation. The Return Intention Survey (RIS) was conducted using a specific tool/\nquestionnaire developed in 2013 for previous consultations and slightly adapted to the\ncurrent situation.\n\n\nFurthermore, during an inter cluster mission from 26 to 28 May, protection cluster\nrepresentative conducted additional consultations with populations displaced from\nShalozan Tangi (12 male key informants) and in areas of return in Shalozan Tangi (two male\nkey informants from amongst the population already returned to the area of origin in 2012).\n\n\n**III.** **Profile of respondents**\n\n\nOut of the 137 respondents, one was women (a female headed household) and 126 men. 69\n% of the respondents were heads of households (including one female respondent) and also\nincluded three community leaders.\n\n\nIn regards to the age of respondents, most were 30- 60 years old (55%), followed by\nrespondents aged between 18- 29 (24 %) and 4 % of elderly above 60 years old. Most of the\nfamilies interviewed have 10 family members (51 %), followed by families with 9 family\nmembers (39 %). 61 % of interviewed families have two children below five in the family\ncurrently, followed by families with 3 children below five years old in the family,\nrepresenting 24 % of families interviewed.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.5098605155944824, - "start": 89, - "end": 91 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5649426579475403, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5779241919517517, - "start": 132, - "end": 133 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6917005777359009, - "start": 143, - "end": 144 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "return intention survey", - "confidence": 0.7466757893562317, - "start": 114, - "end": 117 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6318897604942322, - "start": 116, - "end": 117 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5980126261711121, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.681645393371582, - "start": 143, - "end": 144 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IVAP records", - "confidence": 0.9240553975105286, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shalozan Tangi", - "confidence": 0.8320690989494324, - "start": 224, - "end": 226 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5075105428695679, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced families", - "confidence": 0.9214387536048889, - "start": 180, - "end": 182 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.8035246729850769, - "start": 230, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.511089026927948, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIS", - "confidence": 0.5497876405715942, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shalozan Tangi", - "confidence": 0.7177801728248596, - "start": 224, - "end": 226 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.8624843955039978, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Profile of respondents", - "confidence": 0.9165307283401489, - "start": 325, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "area of origin", - "confidence": 0.8391405940055847, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5672893524169922, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5280351638793945, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In 42 % of interviewed families, two children were attending school in displacement,\nfollowed by families with three kids attending schools (35 %) and four kids attending school\n(29 %). 16 % of families have one child at school, while in 10 % of families five children\nattend the school in displacement.\n\n\nFive families have one elderly in their families, and eight families have two. 11 families were\nhaving at the time of interview a pregnant or lactating women present in their family.\n\n\nMost of the interviewed IDPs currently live in Peshawar district (38 %), whole breakdown of\nlocations is provided below.\n\n\n_Graph 1: Current location of IDPs originating from Shalozan Tangi_\n\n\n**IV.** **Main findings of the Return Intention Survey**\n\n\n**A.** **Displacement timing and trends**\n\n\nOnly two of the interviewed persons came from areas of origin in less than 18 months,\nothers were in displacement for a longer period. For most of the interviewed persons (62 %)\nthe **reason for displacement** was sectarian violence, followed by reason of military\noperations (29 %) and lack of livelihood opportunities due to the conflict (3 %).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.9840115308761597, - "start": 141, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Displacement timing and trends", - "confidence": 0.8893503546714783, - "start": 154, - "end": 158 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7335391044616699, - "start": 143, - "end": 144 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Peshawar district", - "confidence": 0.5946884155273438, - "start": 103, - "end": 105 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.722364068031311, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement timing and trends", - "confidence": 0.9030994176864624, - "start": 154, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed persons", - "confidence": 0.9269570112228394, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "68 % of respondents **arrived at the current place of displacement** more than 18 months\nago, 15 % between 12- 18 months, followed by families who moved in last 6- 12 months\n(12%) and 5 % of families who moved to their current area of displacement in last 6 months.\n\n\n**B.** **Informed and voluntary nature of return**\n\n\nA series of queries were addressed to the Shalozan Tangi IDPs to ascertain the level of\ninformation that they possessed regarding their areas of origin/return, the need for\nadditional information and the decision-making process on which the decision was based.\n\n\n**Only 7 out of 137 respondents indicated that they do not have information about the**\n**situation in area of origin** . Most of the respondents feel informed [2] about water, health and\neducation facilities available in the areas of origin (36 %), followed by information on safety\nand security in the areas (23 %) and then with 20 % informed both on damage level of their\nhouses and crops.\n\n\nIn regards to the **sources of information on areas of origin**, 34 % of respondents visited\npersonally the area or other family members visited the return areas (18 %) as well as other\nmembers of the community who reported to the family about the situation (19 %), followed\nby media (14 %), 9 % from other people who visited the areas, 6 % from humanitarian\nworkers and 4 % from religious leaders.\n\n\n_Graph 2: Sources of information on areas of origin as reported by interviewed IDPs_\n_originating from Shalozan Tangi_\n\n\n2 Multiple responses were possible\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on areas of origin", - "confidence": 0.7670542597770691, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shalozan Tangi_\n\n\n2", - "confidence": 0.8981533646583557, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14 % of respondents think that a **go and see visit** prior to the return would be useful. From\nthose who responded positively, 63 % would like to send community leaders for the go and\nsee visit, while remaining 37 % male family members.\n\n\n9 % were aware about some kind of information campaign on the return. It is to be noted\nthat at the time of the interviewed conducted, the information campaign on return has not\nyet been officially launched.\n\n\nIn 64 % of interviewed families, the response on **who decides on the return** was political\nadministration **.** This percentage is relatively high compared to other return intention\nsurveys conducted by protection cluster. In 23 % it is the community elders who reportedly\nmake the decision on return, followed by family members in 13 % of cases (which is usually\nthe highest category reported). Only 49 % of respondents felt that they **participate in the**\n**decision making process** on the return.\n\n\n**Despite the fact that IDPs wish to return to their area of origin, 26 % indicated that not**\n**now.** On overall, 74 % of respondents feel ready to return right now, 10 % between 1- 3\nmonths, 7 % within one month, 4 % between 3- 6 months and 2 % of respondents after\nmore than 6 months.\n\n\nFor those who responded that they wish to return immediately, the main reason provided is\nthat the life in displacement is worst that in areas of return (61%), 28 % it is good time to\nstart cultivation, good time to rebuild house (9 %), it is safe now (2 %).\n\n\n_Graph 3: Factors influencing IDPs\u2019 will to return immediately to areas of origin_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "return intention\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9781109094619751, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection cluster", - "confidence": 0.9167602062225342, - "start": 132, - "end": 134 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed families", - "confidence": 0.5413410067558289, - "start": 96, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Challenges to return** identified were mainly [3] house destruction (21 %), a family member not\nphysically fit to travel (14 %), lack of health facilities in areas of return (13 %), destroyed land\n(12 %), lack of education facilities in areas of return as well as lack of specialized services for\npersons with disabilities (both 11 %), no means of transport to return (10 %), no means for\ntransport facilities (9 %), absence of markets (7 %), occupation of the house and nonpossession of land in the area of origin as well as not physically fit for travel (all 4 %), more\nlivelihood opportunities for the family in displacement than in return area ( 2%).\n\n\n**C.** **Safety and security**\n\n\n**The main concern of IDPs related to security** originating from Shalozan Tangi was that the\nsituation is not yet stable in areas of origin (32 %), 14 % of respondents stated that there is\nstill conflict in the nearby areas and areas of origin as well as restrictions of movement\n(both 10 %). Detailed overview of IDPs\u2019 concerns is provided in the graph below.\n\n\n_Graph 4: Main concerns related to security in the areas of origin as reported by interviewed_\n_IDPs originating from Shalozan Tangi_\n\n\n3 Multiple answers were possible\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Challenges to return", - "confidence": 0.9564982056617737, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5264821648597717, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In 16 % of the families interviewed a family member visited the area of return. When asked\nif they had any security problem, 46 respondents provided answer, out of which only one\nstated that the persons visiting area of return had security problem.\n\n\n9 % of respondents indicated some concerns after the return. Those being lack of women\nhealth facilities and transport of persons with disabilities, as well as lack of education\nopportunities for girls.\n\n\n88 % of the IDPs originating from Shalozan Tangi indicated that their **house is completely**\n**damaged**, while 9 % partially damaged and 3 % do not know the status of their houses in\nareas of return. 93 % of respondent\u2019s never heard about house compensations. 3 families\nout of 137 interviewed stated that their house is occupied in areas of return.\n\n\n_Graph 5: Damage of houses in area of return as reported by IDPs_\n\n\n**D.** **Humanitarian needs and return/reintegration assistance**\n\n\n9 % of respondents were not collecting food ration, while 91% were benefiting from food\nassistance (including one female headed household).\n\n\nOnly 10 % of interviewed families were aware about the **return assistance package** . Of\nthose who are informed, 47 % received information on return package from community\nelders, 28 % from family members and 15 % from political authorities. To be noted that at\nthe time of interviews, information campaign on return has not yet started.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "25 % of respondents were aware about some food assistance being provided upon return,\nfollowed by housing assistance (23 %), NFIs (21 %), house and land compensation (16 %) and\ntransport (15 %).\n\n\nWhen asked **what assistance would the IDPs mainly need related to return**, mostly\nrequested is the shelter assistance (19%), followed by transport and food (14 %),\nregistration and improved services in areas of return (13 %), house compensations and\nmore economic opportunities (10 %), assistance with land and house disputes (4 %) and\nspecial assistance to children and persons with disabilities (3 %).\n\n\n_Graph 6: Assistance needed related to return_\n\n\n**V.** **Recommendations**\n\n\n - Information should be made available to IDPs before the return process, in particular\n\non the security situation in areas of return, on the reconstruction/ rehabilitation\nplans of the authorities, on the housing compensation process, on the process of\nreturn and the assistance offered, and on the foreseen initial return and\nreintegration assistance [FATA authorities in cooperation with the humanitarian\ncommunity/ HRT and actors with expertise in mass communication]\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Consultations with the returning population and with returnees in the initial phases\n\nof the return and reintegration process should continue, in line with the HCTendorsed SOPs on Return and with the 2010 \u201cPolicy Framework for IDP Return to\nFATA\u201d, in order to inform the plans and interventions of the humanitarian\ncommunity if and when supporting the authorities to organise the return of the IDP\npopulation. [Protection Cluster]\n\n- When the conditions of voluntary and safe character of the return process are\n\nsatisfactorily assessed, the humanitarian community should continue to support the\nreturn process as the most preferred durable solution, including with transport,\ngender-sensitive reception facilities and initial reintegration packages (food and\nNFIs). Specific attention should be devoted to those sectors highlighted as major\nconcerns by the returning IDPs during the monitoring and consultation process. This\nincludes commonly prioritised assistance needs such as housing, livelihood, health\nand education services, but also interventions to improve the situation of persons\nwith specific needs (children and women in psychological distress, persons with\ndisabilities) [HRT, HCT, Clusters]\n\n- Efforts should be addressed to support the initial post-return reintegration\n\nassistance as well as the broader early recovery process in FATA, with Government\ninvestments and through generous donor support. These efforts should be combined\nwith a concrete possibility for humanitarian/ early recovery actors to directly carry\nout and directly monitor project implementation, through facilitated access by the\ncivil and military authorities to areas of return [donors, humanitarian community,\nUNDP, Early Recovery Working Group, FATA authorities].\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4482ab3e-3dc8-3299-975d-e1b071fb8999/RIS%20Shalozan%20Tangi_Kurrum_June%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_591/raw/doc_591_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_591/raw/doc_591_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c57eb614218b28ada151dd28d346a36f25629541..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_591/raw/doc_591_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe Republic of the Congo has a long tradition of hosting refugees and has demonstrated a strong\ncommitment to fulfilling international responsibilities in refugee situations. Key policy developments at the\nnational level in the period from 2017 to 2020 include:\n## \u2022 [The adoption of a draft refugee law by the Council of Ministers in August 2019 and its submission to ]\n\nparliament. This followed the 2012 efforts of the National Committee for Refugee Assistance (CNAR) to\ndraft a comprehensive and dedicated law on the right of asylum and refugee status, which were revived\nin the context of adoption of the New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants by the United Nations\nGeneral Assembly in 2016, the adoption of the Global Compact on Refugees in 2018, and the 2019\nGlobal Refugee Forum.\n\n[[Law No 29-2017][ in August 2017, which establishes the conditions of entry, stay and exit ]](https://economie.gouv.cg/en/content/law-n%C2%B029-2017-7-august-2017-amending-and-supplementing-certain-provisions-law-no-36-96-6)\n## \u2022 [The passing of]\nof foreigners in the Republic of the Congo (hereafter: the 2017 foreigners law). The law amends and\n[supplements certain provisions of Law No 23-96 of 6 June 1996 and includes specific provisions on](https://www.refworld.org/docid/44aa884a4.html)\nrefugee identity documentation.\n\n[in 2018 (hereafter: the 2018 land law). The law establishes the ]\n## \u2022 [The promulgation of ][Law No 21-2018]\nrules for occupying and acquiring land and plots of land and prescribes restrictions on land access for\nforeigners, including refugees.\n## \u2022 [The adoption of the National Action Plan to combat statelessness in July 2018, setting out measures to ]\n\nimprove the civil registration system, and the passing of [Law No 42-2019, which abolishes fees for birth](https://economie.gouv.cg/en/content/law-n-%C2%B0-42-2019-december-30-2019-finance-law-year-2020)\nregistration and birth certificates. Both help to reduce the risk of statelessness for refugees and\nnationals.\n## \u2022 [The adoption of the ][2017 National Policy on Social Action][,][ which includes refugees as an integral part ]\n\nof the beneficiary population.\n\n[[Law No 7-2019]](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=108973&p_count=5&p_classification=08) [in April 2019, establishing the Congolese Employment Agency (Agence ]\n## \u2022 [The passing of]\nCongolaise Pour l\u2019Emploi \u2013 ACPE), affording nationals and refugees access to business creation advice.\n## \u2022 [The Ministry of Interior and Decentralization\u2019s civil status census in 2018, which identified 157,466 ]\n\npeople born in the Republic of the Congo who had not been issued with a birth certificate and were\ntherefore at risk of statelessness.\n\n\nFurthermore, at the [Global Refugee Forum in December 2019, the Government presented among its best](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\npractices \u201cfacilitating local integration of refugees in accordance with the law\u201d, including the ability to\nobtain residence permits and reside legally on Congolese territory, and encouraged the resettlement of\nrefugees in third countries. It also made a policy pledge to complete the legislative reform (which has been\nunder way since May 2016) to remove all discriminatory provisions from the Person and Family Code that\ncould result in statelessness for Republic of the Congo nationals and refugees alike.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nNational fiscal/budget policies and mechanisms exist that provide for timely additional financial transfers\n[from national level to areas that are economically affected by the presence of refugees. The 2016\u20132023](https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=67675&cid=qzsvcpft)\n[National Strategy for the Prevention and Reduction of Risks of Disasters](https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=67675&cid=qzsvcpft) (hereafter: the 2016\u20132023\nNational Prevention Strategy) identifies migration and population displacement, particularly across\nborders, as one of the main external \u201cshocks\u201d to which the Republic of the Congo is exposed. Strategic\nAction 10 of the Strategy aims to fully integrate prevention and risk reduction into the budget planning of\nall institutions and Ministries involved in crisis management, with clear and secure budget lines. Similarly,\n[in the 2017 National Policy on Social Action, one of the priorities highlighted is the consultation with the](https://affaires-sociales.gouv.cg/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/POLITIQUE-NATIONALE-DACTION-SOCIALE.pdf)\nMinistry of Finance to set up an emergency fund, with rapid disbursement mechanisms, to finance\nimmediate responses to emergencies. Nonetheless, implementation of the 2016\u20132023 National Prevention\nStrategy has been limited and the emergency fund foreseen by the 2017 National Policy has not yet been\n[established or integrated into the 2020 rectifed Finance Law.](https://www.finances.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/documents/Loi%20de%20finances%20rectificative%202020%20v2.pdf)\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nWhile there are no policies focused specifically on social tensions, national policies can be applied to\nidentify, prevent and mitigate potential social tension and risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas. The\n[2015 Constitution, for instance, sets out obligations for citizens to promote and preserve peace, stability,](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Congo_2015.pdf?lang=en)\nnational unity and social cohesion. The Constitution also establishes various Consultative Councils with\nthe overall aim of promoting solidarity and harmony and fully taking different components of Congolese\nsociety into account. These include councils for national dialogue, women, civil society and nongovernmental organizations, young people and persons with special needs. The councils are further\nregulated and operationalized through specific policies which can be implemented in refugee-hosting\nareas to the benefit of refugees and host communities, even if refugees are not specifically mentioned. In\npractice, refugees have been welcomed by local communities for decades, often fully integrating into the\ncommunities hosting them. Isolated incidents have been reported involving refugees, particularly over\ndifficulties in accessing land; however, UNHCR observes that the reporting of such incidents is on the\ndecrease.\n\n\nAmong the local governance structures in the Republic of the Congo, there are informal and formal local\nmechanisms that promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen engagement. In some\nareas, refugees have been integrated and are represented, for instance, in agricultural associations. There\nare no formally established refugee leadership structures in the Republic of the Congo. Nonetheless, in\nsome areas, refugees have informally organized themselves into community-based mechanisms that\nconnect to similar mechanisms in the host community. In some cases, these mechanisms operate under\nthe supervision of local village chiefs and local dispute resolution structures.\n\n\n[The 2015 Constitution](https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Congo_2015.pdf?lang=en) includes a provision protecting all children in the Republic of the Congo, including\nrefugees, from discrimination. As described above, the Republic of the Congo also made a policy pledge\nat the 2019 Global Refugee Forum to complete the legislative reform under way since May 2016 to remove\nall discriminatory provisions from the Person and Family Code that could result in statelessness for Republic\nof the Congo nationals and refugees.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nNational policies exist that can be applied to mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees. While\nthese policies do not directly refer to refugees or host communities, they can be implemented in refugee[hosting areas to the benefit of both. For instance, the Republic of the Congo has a code (Code No 33-2020](http://www.mefdd.cg/menu-haut/legislations/)\nof 8 July 2020) and various [other policies on forestry and nature conservation. Strategies and programmes](http://www.mefdd.cg/menu-haut/legislations/)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nhave also been developed to operationalize these policies, including a [national programme to reduce](https://www.cafi.org/content/dam/cafi/docs/RoC%20documents/RCongo%20National%20REDD+%20Strategy-%20%20validated%20version%2016%20July%202016).pdf)\n[emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+).](https://www.cafi.org/content/dam/cafi/docs/RoC%20documents/RCongo%20National%20REDD+%20Strategy-%20%20validated%20version%2016%20July%202016).pdf) Implementation of these policies is limited,\nparticularly in remote rural refugee-hosting areas and in large refugee host cities such as Brazzaville and\nPointe Noire.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nIn 2019 and 2020, the Government implemented the Humanitarian Mechanism, an inter-ministerial\ncoordination structure designed to prevent and respond to all types of humanitarian crises that may arise\nin the Republic of the Congo and to minimize short- and medium-term socioeconomic impacts. The\nHumanitarian Mechanism was established with financial support from UNHCR and is chaired by the\nMinistry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MSAHA). Teams of emergency workers were trained by\nUNHCR and MSAHA in all regions of the Republic of the Congo.\n\n\nDecrees to underpin the mechanism have been drafted by the MSAHA and consultations were carried out\nwith stakeholders in 2020. The decrees were scheduled to be submitted to the Prime Minister\u2019s Office for\nonwards submission to the Council of Ministers in the second half of 2020. Membership of the mechanism\nconsists of line ministries (including CNAR), international and national humanitarian partners. Connections\n[to the sub-national level also exist, but development partners are so far not included. The 2016\u20132023](https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=67675&cid=qzsvcpft)\n[National Strategy for the Prevention and Reduction of Disasters also provides some elements for a national](https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=67675&cid=qzsvcpft)\npreparedness framework, most notably the potential for financial disbursement mechanisms. As set out\nunder policy dimension 1.1 above, implementation of this funding mechanism is yet to start. As such, no\ncomprehensive national preparedness framework currently formally exists.\n\n\nIn practice, preparedness measures are taken on an ad hoc basis when new refugee inflows are\nexpected based on the situation in surrounding countries. In those situations, UNHCR and humanitarian\npartners develop short-term contingency plans in collaboration with national institutions. With financing\nfrom UNHCR, teams of local emergency workers have also been trained and formed in the 12\ndepartments of the Republic of the Congo. The contingency plans and sub-national level emergency\nteams derive their legitimacy from the 2015 Constitution, Article 210: \u201cSocial action, prevention, risk\nreduction and disaster management are the responsibility of local authorities\u201d. Nonetheless, these\nmeasures are not integrated into the national system or budget and are predominantly financed and\nimplemented by international and local humanitarian partners.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nThe Republic of the Congo has been a State Party to the [1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\nsince 1962. No reservations were made. The Republic of the Congo is also a State Party to the [1967](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html) [1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specifc Aspects of](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n[Refugee Problems in Africa and other relevant international and regional instruments. The Republic of the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\nCongo has endorsed the Global Compact on Refugees.\n\n\nRefugee-related commitments in these instruments are currently implemented through the [2015](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FCongo_2015.pdf%3Flang%3Den&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C14a976d8e62442870bcd08d90f1107be%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637557388079191432%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=6kspbvhI%2FkldrdE5OaKrPzQpdFGLyt3r9HIww2Gd9MA%3D&reserved=0)\n[Constitution,](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FCongo_2015.pdf%3Flang%3Den&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C14a976d8e62442870bcd08d90f1107be%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637557388079191432%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=6kspbvhI%2FkldrdE5OaKrPzQpdFGLyt3r9HIww2Gd9MA%3D&reserved=0) [the 2017 Foreigners Law, the](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feconomie.gouv.cg%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FL%2520n%25C2%25AF29-2017%2520du%25207%2520ao%25C3%25B1t%25202017.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C14a976d8e62442870bcd08d90f1107be%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637557388079191432%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=PVSB%2BGXSq7UNJ2nzcwN6%2FnwIIQ8ymckN27KQUmQ%2Bn8k%3D&reserved=0) [Decree of 31 December 1999 establishing the National](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html)\n[Committee for Refugee Assistance](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html) (hereafter: the [1999 Decree on CNAR) and](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html) [Order 8040 of 28 December](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html)\n[2001 establishing the asylum eligibility committee and](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) [Order 8041 establishing the asylum appeals board](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1ca094,0.html)\n(hereafter: [the 2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) and [the 2001 Order on appeal), in conjunction with the Congolese](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1ca094,0.html)\nnational legal and policy framework.\n\n\nThe Constitution stipulates in its preamble that ratified international texts relating to human rights form an\nintegral part of the Constitution. Article 21 of the Constitution explicitly grants the right of asylum to foreign\nnationals within conditions determined by Congolese law. [The 2017 Foreigners Law](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feconomie.gouv.cg%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FL%2520n%25C2%25AF29-2017%2520du%25207%2520ao%25C3%25B1t%25202017.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CVANKEMPE%40unhcr.org%7C14a976d8e62442870bcd08d90f1107be%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637557388079201389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=OQNb2wF1uSKAr8t2ABEIl%2BslcYTLjtlp9hzZsQCWKjY%3D&reserved=0) contains explicit\n[provisions on refugee rights relating to identity documentation, while the 1999 Decree on CNAR](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html) and the\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n2001 Orders on [eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) and [appeal](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1ca094,0.html) contain refugee-specific provisions on refugee status determination\n(RSD), documentation, non-refoulement, work, social assistance, health and education. Other rights\ngranted to refugees in the 1951 Convention and via other instruments have not, however, been integrated\nwithin the Congolese legal framework. A legal practice has emerged whereby these rights are mostly\ngoverned by laws and provisions that pertain to foreigners in general. As set out in the individual policy\ndimensions below, there are also discrepancies between relevant decrees and the Foreigners Law, such\nas on rights relating to identity documentation. These legal uncertainties are not in line with international\nand regional norms and standards.\n\n\nUNHCR observes gaps in the awareness of refugee rights and applicable laws, policies and procedures\namong refugees, authorities and private sector entities. Most of these actors see refugees as (illegal)\nforeigners, which can sometimes result in refugees and asylum-seekers being subjected to arbitrary\narrests and detention (Congolese Human Rights Observatory \u2013 Observatoire Congolais des Droits de\nl\u2019Homme (OCDH)-Annual Report 2019: Human rights in Congo-Brazzaville; Country Reports on Human\nRights Practices for 2019 from the United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human\nRights and Labor).\n\n\nThe framework for recognizing refugee status is defined in the [1999 Decree on CNAR](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html) and the 2001\nDecrees on [eligibility and](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) [appeal. In accordance with these policies, CNAR conducts refugee status](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1ca094,0.html)\ndetermination (RSD) interviews and submits its recommendations to the Eligibility Committee which takes\nthe decision to grant or reject the asylum claim. Appeals are reviewed by the Appeal Committee. The\nprocedures described in the law, including those of the appeal process, generally comply with international\nstandards. However, there were noted gaps in the implementation of these procedures. Indeed, asylumseekers have to wait before receiving a final decision on their request for asylum. CNAR has indicated\nwillingness to improve the situation. When conditions as stated in Article 1 of the OAU Convention are met\nin the country of origin, the country of asylum may recognize the refugee status of civilians who flee into\ntheir territory due to these circumstances, on a group basis, following an official decision. The last time the\nauthorities of the Republic of the Congo granted such _prima facie_ refugee status was in 2013, when\nCentral African civilians were fleeing political violence.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nAlthough the legislative reform process of the refugee legal framework is well under way, the absence of\nan asylum law remains an important factor regarding implementation of the right to asylum and the\nprotection environment in the Republic of the Congo. Despite this legislative gap, no illegal loss or\ntermination of refugee status has been observed.\n\n\nIt is important to note that since 31 December 2017, the Republic of the Congo has lawfully invoked the\ncessation clause of the 1951 Refugee Convention with respect to Rwandan refugees and has provided\nthem with opportunities to repatriate or benefit from local integration opportunities. Those who opted for\nlocal integration received residency permits and those who opted for voluntary repatriation were assisted\nin returning home in safety and in dignity. In addition, after a review exercise, those with continuous\nprotection needs were exempted from the cessation clause and have retained their refugee status to date.\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) provides asylum-seekers with the right to stay in the country based on\ntemporary identity documentation that should remain valid until the asylum-seekers receive a final decision\non their claim. However, in practice, identity documentation for asylum-seekers must be renewed every 6\nmonths at the office of the National Committee for Assistance to Refugees (CNAR). This renewal requirement\nposes challenges for asylum-seekers living far from localities where CNAR has an office. Similarly, once\nrefugee status is granted, the [2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) provides refugees with the right to stay in the\ncountry based on a refugee ID card with a 5-year validity. The order stipulates that the refugee ID card has\nthe same value as a residency permit and should be granted free of charge. However, [the 2017 Foreigners](https://economie.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/L%20n%C2%AF29-2017%20du%207%20ao%C3%B1t%202017.pdf)\n[Law also includes specific provisions concerning the refugee ID card, stating that it does not grant residency](https://economie.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/L%20n%C2%AF29-2017%20du%207%20ao%C3%B1t%202017.pdf)\nstatus to refugees and that its validity is for a period of 3 years. In practice, the provisions of the 2017\nForeigners Law are observed with respect to refugee documentation, rather than those of the 2001 Order.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility also sets out that no refugee or asylum-seeker will be sent against their will](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html)\nto a country where their lives could be at risk due to persecution on grounds covered by the 1951\nConvention. From 2019 to 30 June 2020, there were no known cases of unlawful termination of refugee\nstatus by way of cancellation, revocation or cessation; no cases of recognized refugees being expelled\non grounds of national security or public order; and no reported cases of refoulement.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe CNAR is an inter-ministerial committee which retains institutional responsibility for refugee\nmanagement and consists of representatives of the President\u2019s Office and the Ministries of Justice,\nFinance, Interior, Foreign Affairs, Education, Health, and Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action. The [1999](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html)\n[Decree on CNAR](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cead2,0.html) stipulates that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presides over CNAR (through the Directorate\nof Multilateral Affairs, which is one of the directorates of the general secretariat), while its two vicepresidents are representatives of the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian\nAction respectively. CNAR membership does not include any representatives of the refugee, host or\ndonor communities, and its policies and practices do not link up to other coordination structures such as\nthose related to development planning.\n\n\nCNAR has a permanent secretariat that is responsible for the day-to-day management of refugee affairs,\nincluding budget and programme execution, liaison with UNHCR, registration and status determination\nand provision of humanitarian assistance. There are no formalized agreements between the CNAR\nsecretariat and other line ministries for the execution and coordination of such functions. However, UNHCR\nhas partnerships with line ministries to facilitate the inclusion of refugees in national services in the spirit\nof the Global Compact on Refugees. The CNAR secretariat is based in Brazzaville but also has four suboffices in Betou, Ouesso, Impfondo and Pointe Noire.\n\n\nNo formalized consultation mechanisms have been established by the Government to obtain refugee\ninput and feedback on decisions taken by national, sub-national or local level institutions. However, CNAR\ndoes meet with refugees on a regular basis. Furthermore, UNHCR facilitates regular consultations with\nrefugees, including with CNAR, in the context of its annual Participatory Assessments. A complaint\nmechanism and telephone hotline that were established and managed by UNHCR also allow refugees to\ngive input and feedback on activities implemented by CNAR, UNHCR and other organizations. Reports\nfrom Participatory Assessments and feedback from the complaint box and hotlines are shared and\ndiscussed with relevant stakeholders, including the Government, to inform planning and programming.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census. During the last 2007 Census,\nthe national statistics agency classified refugees simply as foreigners, thereby excluding them from the\ncensus. This was also the case for the civil registration exercise that took place in 2019 (and is different\nfrom the 2018 civil status census).\n\n\nThere are no examples of administrative data collection systems or national surveys that include\nrefugees. The [2018\u20132022 National Development Plan (NDP)](https://dgpd.plan.gouv.cg/images/PND-2018-2022---Cadre-stratgique-de-dveloppement.pdf) does not set out specific long-term\ndevelopment interventions relating to refugees or hosting communities. However, it does set out general\npolicy directions relating to disaster and humanitarian crisis prevention and response, which could\ninclude refugee response priorities. The policy directions are also costed and budgeted for in its\noperational annex.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility provides asylum-seekers and refugees with the right to identity and identity](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html)\ndocumentation. The [2017 Foreigners Law also grants refugees the right to identity and identity](https://economie.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/L%20n%C2%AF29-2017%20du%207%20ao%C3%B1t%202017.pdf)\ndocumentation. As stated above, in the midst of contradictions between these policies, the 2017 Foreigners\nLaw is followed in practice. At the request of the Government, UNHCR generates refugee identity cards\nbased on information from the refugee database. These are subsequently handed over to CNAR, which in\nturn formally issues them.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) also provides asylum-seekers and refugees with the right to civil documentation\non the same basis as nationals. Civil registration and documentation for nationals is governed by the\nOctober 1984 Family Code, which provides for birth registration free of charge if the request is made\nwithin the month of birth. However, the country faces challenges with its civil registration system, especially\nin remote locations, that affect refugee and host communities alike. In fact, the country reports having\nmore than 157,466 people without birth certificates, based on the civil registry census conducted in 2018\nin 12 departments of the country ( _Recensement \u00e0 vocation d\u2019\u00e9tat Civil \u2013_ Ministry of Interior and\nDecentralization). During the High-Level Segment on Statelessness in October 2019, the government\npledged that any person identified in the 2018 civil status census as not having a birth certificate would\nobtain a birth certificate by 2019 as previously committed; and that no child would be without a birth\ncertificate by 2022, including through the continuation of outreach activities to encourage the population\nto register each birth.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nUNHCR regularly conducts multi-stakeholder participatory assessments as well as protection monitoring\nof refugees living in urban and rural areas and has not received any reports of security issues involving\nrefugees and host communities.\n\n\nRefugees are granted access to justice on the same terms as nationals, based on Article 49 of the 2015\nConstitution. The Foreigner Law and Congolese civil and criminal codes and procedures do not differentiate\nbetween Congolese and foreign nationals. However, the criminal justice system remains weak and faces\nhuge impediments in upholding fairness and efficiency. Criminal courts are not fully operational in many\nparts of the country. Legal aid, although provided for in law, is not available to those who cannot afford to\npay a lawyer, which makes it inaccessible to many refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n\nSexual and gender-based violence (GBV), which increased during the armed conflicts of the\n1990s, remains a concern in the Republic of the Congo. According to studies conducted by the\nMinistry for the Promotion of Women and the Integration of Women in Development (MPFIFD)\nwith the support of the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), sexual violence often occurs\nwith younger people being assaulted by people within their families and neighbourhoods. The\nstudies did not distinguish populations per their status.\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThe [2017 Foreigners Law allows foreigners, including refugees and asylum-seekers, to choose their place](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b51c20.html)\nof residence without restrictions, based on their identity document. Accordingly, refugees in the Republic\nof the Congo can choose to live in refugee sites or outside site settings in urban or rural areas without\nrestrictions. In fact, 83 per cent of refugees live with communities in urban and rural areas, while 17 per\ncent live in refugee settlements in rural areas.\n\n\nThe [2017 Foreigners Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b51c20.html) also allows foreigners to move freely based on their identity document. In\npractice, however, refugees report facing challenges while travelling across the country that include law\nenforcement officers not recognizing their refugee identity documents; being charged a fee (1,000\u20132,000\nFCFA) each time they were stopped on the road, etc. These cases are reported largely in the northern part\nof the country where checkpoints have multiplied in recent years. Both CNAR and the Ministry of Foreign\nAffairs are making efforts to raise awareness of the recognition of refugee ID cards. Criminalizing asylumseekers\u2019 irregular entry into the territory is forbidden under the Foreigners Law.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[The 2001 order on eligibility provides refugees with the right to work on the same basis as nationals. Law](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html)\nNo 45/75 of 15 March 1975 and amended and supplemented by Law No 6-96 of 6 March 1996 (hereafter:\nthe Labour Code) does not make any distinction between workers on the grounds of nationality. However,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nthe 2005 Law on trade occupation and its implementing decrees of 2008 and 2011 forbid foreigners from\naccessing small trade activities such as selling in the market, working in a bakery or driving a taxi. In\npractice, the provisions of the more restrictive 2005 Law on trade occupation are followed.\n\n\nIn addition, various policies require foreigners to have specific authorizations and work permits, with a\nburdensome and costly process for obtaining these. Law No 22/88 of 17 September 1988 (amending Law\nNo 01/86 of 22 February 1986, and replacing and supplementing Law No 03/85 of 14 February 1985)\nstates that employment of any foreign worker is subject to prior authorization by the Minister of Labour\nafter receiving the opinion of the trade union, the director of the National Office for Employment and\nManpower (Office National de l\u2019Emploi et de la Main d\u2019\u0152uvre \u2013 ONEMO), now the Congolese Employment\nAgency), and then the Director General of ONEMO. Once this authorization is obtained, it is valid for a\nperiod of two years from the date of the worker\u2019s hiring and can be renewed subject to a fee of 100,000\nCFA.\n\n\nThere are no known cases of refugees who possess work permits or who are employed in the formal\nsector. In fact, the number of refugees working in the informal sector is believed to be high, although data\nfrom the reporting period is not available. The most recent data comes from a UNHCR survey carried out\nin Brazzaville in 2014, which estimated that 72 per cent of urban refugees had access to wage employment\nin the informal sector, but that revenues did not cover their needs.\n\n\nForeigners residing in the Republic of the Congo may engage in commercial activities, subject to obtaining\na trader\u2019s permit for a cost, as laid out in Law 25-94 of 23 August 1994, supplemented by Law 19-2005 of\n24 November 2005. Article 47 of the latter law repeals all other provisions to the contrary. Its Article 4\ndefines commercial activities as all profit-making activities of production and exchange of goods and\nservices. The process for doing so includes providing an extract from the person\u2019s criminal records in the\ncountry of origin, which can be difficult for some refugees to obtain. Trader\u2019s permits, if granted, are valid\nfor three years and must be endorsed every year; however, they are only valid in the region in which they\nwere issued. Foreigners must also obtain a visa for the trader\u2019s permit at additional cost. Subsequent\nDecrees 2008-483 and 2011-490 limited the activity of running one\u2019s own business to Congolese nationals\nonly.\n\n\n[In April 2019, the Government passed Law No 7-2019, establishing the Congolese Employment Agency](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=108973&p_count=5&p_classification=08)\n(Agence Congolaise Pour l\u2019Emploi \u2013 ACPE), which facilitates business creation formalities and allows for\nnationals and refugees to benefit from business opportunities in a legal and regulatory framework. No\nrestrictions or limitations for refugees have been reported.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\nThe Land Law of 2018 limits foreigners\u2019 access to ownership and lease of land. The law is interpreted to\napply to refugees as well. The law states that the acquisition and occupation of rural land is limited to\nCongolese nationals and Congolese legal entities (Article 37) and that any acquisition of rural land by a\nforeigner will be considered null and void (Article 40). Foreigners may only purchase land in urban and\nperi-urban areas if Congolese nationals have reciprocal rights in the foreigner\u2019s country of origin. While\nUNHCR advocated for exemption from reciprocity under Article 7 of the 1951 Convention relating to the\nStatus of Refugees for refugees wishing to acquire land, such an exemption has not been adopted yet. It\nshould be noted that, in practice, refugees who arrived in the Likouala department in 2009 and 2013 were\nprovided land for housing and agriculture by the Congolese authorities to contribute to their self-reliance.\nThey are managed through mixed committees made of refugees and host population. The 2018 land law\ncould therein jeopardize the socioeconomic and cultural integration of refugees who opt for local\nintegration as a durable solution. Discussions are under way to ensure that refugees are considered\nfavourably in the implementation of this land law.\n\n\nIn addition, the 2019 budget law introduces new taxes to be paid by landowners. There are varying\ninterpretations of the law, with some officials indicating that refugees who owned land prior to the law\u2019s\nenactment will not be expropriated and can proceed to pay the required taxes to secure their rights.\nHowever, this has not materialized yet in practice.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR survey", - "confidence": 0.9342560172080994, - "start": 280, - "end": 282 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8809249401092529, - "start": 281, - "end": 282 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9509577751159668, - "start": 280, - "end": 281 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazzaville", - "confidence": 0.9725803732872009, - "start": 285, - "end": 286 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9800812005996704, - "start": 287, - "end": 288 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban refugees", - "confidence": 0.9782651662826538, - "start": 296, - "end": 298 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "criminal records", - "confidence": 0.7094274759292603, - "start": 410, - "end": 412 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country of origin", - "confidence": 0.9484009146690369, - "start": 414, - "end": 417 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.5109177231788635, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9120711088180542, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\n[The 2012 Law regulating the rental of residential properties is the only national instrument on Housing in](https://www.construction.gouv.cg/documents/loi/loi37b.pdf)\nthe Republic of the Congo. It grants nationals and foreigners, including refugees, the right to rent and sign\nlease agreements. In practice, most refugees and asylum-seekers rent houses without signing a formal\ncontract. This is common practice applicable to all in the Republic of the Congo and recognized by law in\ncase of dispute. Refugees and asylum-seekers have not reported any cases of deprivation of property\nrights based on their status.\n\n\nThe [Real Estate Development Company (SOPROGI) is the public institution which, among other](https://www.construction.gouv.cg/documents/projet1.pdf)\nresponsibilities, ensures real estate development on behalf of the State for the construction of buildings\nor social housing by low-cost housing companies. In the Republic of the Congo, the 1992 National Housing\nStrategy is under review. Some low-cost housing has been constructed by the state in urban areas in the\nBacongo and Talangai districts, but it is yet to be allocated or sold for lack of clear policies on beneficiaries\u2019\ncriteria. UNHCR is not aware of any refugees having had access to public/social housing programmes.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nThe Republic of the Congo belongs to the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS/CEMAC)\nwhich adopted [Regulation No 2/18/CEMAC/UMAC/CM](https://www.finances.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/documents/REGLEMENT-02_18_CEMAC_UMAC_CM-compress%C3%A9.pdf) of the Economic Community of Central African\nStates (ECCAS/CEMAC). This Regulation, which is applicable in the Republic of the Congo, establishes the\nconditions for access to bank accounts by nationals and residents in the CEMAC space. The definition of\n\u201cresident\u201d used within the regulation includes refugees, who are thereby authorized to open bank accounts\non the same terms as other residents in the Republic of the Congo. In practice, refugees can open bank\naccounts at only two financial institutions in the Republic of the Congo. In general, recognition of refugee\nID cards by financial institutions is yet to materialize, and issuance of biometric ID cards may greatly\nimprove refugees\u2019 access to banks and financial services.\n\n\nThe normative framework on digital economy in the Republic of the Congo is composed of the [2019](http://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Congo-LF-2020.pdf)\n[Finance Law, the](http://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Congo-LF-2020.pdf) [2019 Decree approving the national strategy on the development of digital economy and](https://economie.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/D%20n%C2%B02019-150%20du%2017%20juin%202019.pdf)\nthe [2009 Law on the creation of the Agency for the Regulation of Posts and Digital Communication. Under](https://economie.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/Documentation/Lois/2009/L%20n%C2%AF11-2009%20du%2025%20novembre%202009.pdf)\nthese laws, refugees have access to mobile phones and services, including mobile money, on the same\nterms as Congolese nationals.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees access mobile phones and all services using their refugee ID cards, which are\nrecognized by telecommunication operators. There are no reported cases of refugees being denied\naccess to mobile phones or mobile money services. However, most refugees in the Republic of the Congo\nlive in the Likouala region and, like nationals, have little or no access to mobile phones because the region\nis barely covered by telecommunication networks.\n\n\n[The Republic of the Congo is a member state of the Higher Education Council for Africa and Madagascar](http://www.lecames.org/documents-pred-du-cames/)\n(CAMES). Within this framework, refugees in the Republic of the Congo may individually request recognition\nand equivalence of their university diplomas, which consequently facilitates their access to employment\nand education in the country. Refugees in the Republic of the Congo mostly come from CAMES member\nstates. In practice, there are no reported cases of refugees facing challenges while seeking diploma\nrecognition and equivalence in the country.\n\n\n[The Republic of the Congo is party to the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Trafc and the 1968 Vienna](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1952/03/19520326%2003-36%20PM/Ch_XI_B_1_2_3.pdf)\n[Convention on Road Trafc. The](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1977/05/19770524%2000-13%20AM/Ch_XI_B_19.pdf) [CEMAC Community Highway Code](http://www.logistiqueconseil.org/Articles/Transport-routier/Code-route-cemac.htm) recognizes the validity of driving\nlicences issued within the CEMAC community, subject to authenticity control by the relevant transportation\nservices. It also states that licence holders may convert their licence in the host country, subject to that\ncountry\u2019s right to impose a knowledge test. In practice, refugees from CEMAC countries may obtain the\nequivalence of their driving licence upon requests to Congolese authorities. Refugees from non-CEMAC\ncountries may convert their driving licences subject to authentication by the competent authorities and\npayment of the related fees.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nVocational education in the Republic of the Congo falls under the Ministry of Technical and Vocational\nEducation and Employment. In the government\u2019s [National Education Strategy 2015\u20132025,](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/republic-of-congo-education-sector-plan.pdf) the\ndevelopment of technical education and vocational training (ETFP) is noted as a major priority for the\neducation sector. The strategy directly refers to access to basic education free-of-charge for internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) and refugees. A new law on vocational training is being developed that aims to\nclarify training options and ways of promoting on-the-job training and to strengthen collaboration with\nthe professional sectors.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) grants refugees the right to education on the same basis as nationals. The\nForeigners Law also grants foreigners the right to education on the same terms as nationals, including free\nbasic education and access to university and associated services. However, it should be noted that Law\nNo 01 of 29 January 2018 relating to the abolition of free state examinations and competitions has restored\nfees for the declaration and issuance of admission documents and set their amount at double for foreigners\nin comparison with nationals. This can be burdensome for refugees, who are considered foreigners.\n\n\nThe education sector falls under three ministries, one in charge of primary and secondary education and\nliteracy, one in charge of higher education and one in charge of technical education and vocational\ntraining. The government\u2019s [National Education Strategy 2015\u20132025 is based on the work of an](https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/republic-of-congo-education-sector-plan.pdf)\ninterdepartmental committee composed of the three ministries and other support ministries with the\nassistance of technical and financial partners, including relevant United Nations entities and the World\nBank. The strategy refers to access to education free-of-charge for IDPs and refugees. Its priority strategic\norientations are structured around three axes: 1. providing quality basic education (from the first year of\nprimary school to the last year of middle school); 2. meeting the human resource needs of an emerging\neconomy; and 3. making the steering and management of the education system effective. This government\u2019s\ndedication to implementing these goals is reflected in its engagement with the Education for All Fast Track\nInitiative (EFA-FTI) and the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) as a partner country.\n\n\nThe education system in the Republic of the Congo faces significant challenges, such as insufficient school\ninfrastructure and a limited number of assigned teachers, which result in overcrowded classrooms in\npublic primary schools. In rural areas such as the Likouala region, which is home to most refugees in the\nRepublic of the Congo, there is only one government-assigned teacher for each primary school. The\nteacher, who is also the school principal, is responsible for all classes. The situation at secondary level is\nalmost identical. For instance, refugee young people in B\u00e9tou and their peers in the host community have\nonly two officially-appointed teachers at a secondary school with thousands of students, and there is only\none public university in the country, located in the capital city. Refugee girls have much lower enrolment\nrates than refugee boys, especially at secondary and university levels. These challenges impact the\naccessibility and quality of education for both refugees and nationals.\n\n\nFive years on from the adoption of the 2015\u20132025 strategy, it is clear that the Congolese education\nsystem has been confronted by major economic and financial challenges, including a prolonged drop in\noil revenues, on which the State budget remains heavily dependent, and the advent of the COVID-19\npandemic. This has severely hampered the strategy\u2019s implementation.\n\n\nIt is in this context that the Republic of the Congo has initiated a process to develop an updated strategy,\nknown as the Education Sector Strategy (ESS) 2021\u20132030. This process is based on an exhaustive global\ndiagnosis of the education system in all its dimensions and integrates the roadmap adopted jointly by the\nGovernment, the Local Group of Education (GLPE) and the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), in the\ncontext of the country\u2019s funding requests.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility provides refugees with the right to health on the same basis as nationals. The](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html)\nNational Health Policy 2018\u20132030 provides for equitable access to health service packages by improving\nthe supply and quality of services for mothers, children and young people. The National Health\nDevelopment Plan 2018\u20132022 (PNDS) is divided into four programmes aimed at improving equitable\npublic access to essential, quality service packages and achieving universal health coverage.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees have access to health care; however, the required financial contributions and the lack\nof personnel, medicines and equipment, particularly in remote areas, affect the quality and accessibility of\nservices for host and refugee populations alike. Access to women\u2019s reproductive health is jeopardized by\nlimited resources and infrastructure, especially in rural areas. The government has included refugees in its\nCOVID-19 response plan, thanks to which refugees have been able to benefit from prevention and care\nservices on the same terms as nationals. Refugees serve on the Health Centre management committees\nin the Likouala region.\n\n\nThe operationalization of health insurance and the establishment of a pre-payment mechanism is one of\nthe strategies envisaged in the 2018\u20132022 PNDS to promote equitable access to health services. However,\nseveral health-care services \u2014 including caesarean section and related services, and malaria, tuberculosis\nand HIV treatment (Presidential Decree No 2008-128 of 23 June 2008) \u2014 which the PNDS declares to be\nfree of charge are still subject to fees and charges in practice.\n\n\nThe government is in the process of setting up a health insurance system. Studies on the care package\nhave been carried out, but the roadmap for operationalization of the health insurance system is yet to be\ndefined. In practice, refugees\u2019 inclusion in the future health insurance scheme is also yet to be defined.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[The 2001 Order on eligibility](https://www.refworld.org/publisher,NATLEGBOD,,COG,3fc1cf8e4,0.html) provides refugees with the right to social assistance on the same basis as\nnationals. The Social Security Code (Law No 004-86 of 25 February 1986 on the Social Security Code)\nregulates social protection in the Republic of the Congo for workers without any consideration of nationality,\n[gender or origin. Refugees are explicitly included as a beneficiary group in the 2017 National Policy on](https://affaires-sociales.gouv.cg/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/POLITIQUE-NATIONALE-DACTION-SOCIALE.pdf)\n[Social Action, which aims to reduce poverty, hunger and social inequality and facilitate access to health](https://affaires-sociales.gouv.cg/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/POLITIQUE-NATIONALE-DACTION-SOCIALE.pdf)\nand education. In practice, social protection programmes are currently covering only a limited portion of\nthe population in need. For example, in May 2020, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian\nAssistance distributed food to the elderly in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire, including to some 130 refugees.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\n[The Congolese Constitution provides for the protection of vulnerable persons, nationals and residents,](http://www.ilo.ch/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/100814/121082/F1693068911/COG-100814.pdf)\nincluding refugees, with an emphasis on protection measures for elderly and people living with disabilities\ndue to their physical, moral and other needs; the protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous\npeople; the recognition of women\u2019s rights and equality; protection of children and adolescents from\neconomic or social exploitation; and prohibition of labour for children under sixteen years old.\n\n\nSpecific laws and programmes were established to strengthen the rights and liberties enshrined in the\nConstitution. In 2010, the Government passed the [Law on Child Protection which includes inter alia](http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/8827c7298af156a49466bc30f61b03fa980b92dc.pdf)\nprotection against child abuse and sexual exploitation, child labour, trafficking, maltreatment and offers\nprotection for child offenders. The law does not discriminate based on nationality or residence status.\nRefugee children have access to national child protection services on the same terms as Congolese\nchildren.\n\n\nIn 2019, the Government passed the [Law on Human Trafcking,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/109537/135919/F-547910836/COG-109537.pdf) which directly refers to Congolese or\nresidents, including refugees, whether they are victims or perpetrators. The law states that the Congolese\ncourts have jurisdiction over all acts of trafficking in persons committed by or against a Congolese national\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nor against a person residing in the Republic of the Congo, including refugees. In practice, the mechanism\nof repression and assistance (accompaniment) is operational.\n\n\nWhile the national strategy to combat sexual violence is yet to be finalized, various policies are in place to\nprevent and address gender-based violence (GBV), and related services are accessible to both nationals\nand refugees. Gender equality remains a top priority in the Congo National Development Plan, and the\nfight against all forms of sexual violence appears also as a top priority in the 2017\u20132021 National Gender\nPolicy, which also applies to refugees. However, it is important to note that, despite the existence of\ngeneral legal provisions dealing with GBV in national instruments, there are no specific texts dealing with\nthe different forms of GBV, such as on sexual harassment for instance. The country does not have data on\nGBV, though it is widely understood to be widespread, affecting nationals as well as refugees.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Women\u2019s Empowerment and Integration in Development and the Ministry of Social Affairs\nand Humanitarian Action oversee the implementation of these programmes and policies for vulnerable\ngroups. They both face several challenges due to lack of resources and coordination mechanisms at\nnational and local levels. In practice, UNHCR and non-governmental organizations provide protection to\nvulnerable refugees who are identified during the registration process or during their stay in the Republic\nof the Congo.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThe Government issued a National Gender Policy 2017\u20132021 aimed at consolidating gender equality and\nwomen\u2019s empowerment; strengthening the role and place of women and girls in the economy and in the\nemployed sector; increasing access for women and girls to decision-making spheres; fighting all forms of\nsexual violence; and strengthening the institutional mechanism implementing the National Gender policy.\nThis National Gender Policy does not refer directly to refugees but applies to them in conjunction with\nArticle 17 of the [Congolese Constitution.](http://www.ilo.ch/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/100814/121082/F1693068911/COG-100814.pdf)\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[(Ratification date: 15 Oct 1962)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003] \u2022 [UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960]\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da25229b-2e72-3ef1-aa3a-cda946f837ae/ROC%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_592/raw/doc_592_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_592/raw/doc_592_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d6994f596d444fb9510ad40735b4aff7cb82c0a5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_592/raw/doc_592_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Cluster protection NK Monitoring Protection**\n\n# **Cluster Protection Nord Kivu** **Situation de protection dans le Nord Kivu en 2013**\n\n## **_Introduction_**\n\n\nCe rapport pr\u00e9sente une synth\u00e8se des tendances de protection observ\u00e9es dans le Nord Kivu en 2013. Il se\nconcentre essentiellement :\n\n1. sur les risques de protection, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les types de violations des droits de l\u2019homme\n\nauxquelles les populations du Nord Kivu sont le plus souvent expos\u00e9es\n2. Sur les menaces de protection, \u00e0 savoir les auteurs de ces violations, ou les circonstances dans\n\nlesquelles les violations sont observ\u00e9es.\n\nLe rapport se base principalement sur les informations collect\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection du HCR en\n2013. Ce monitoring repose sur un r\u00e9seau de moniteurs qui couvre une partie consid\u00e9rable de la province. Les\ninformations permettent donc d\u2019observer les tendances, notamment par comparaison avec 2012, ainsi\nqu\u2019entre les territoires de la province [1] . Les informations du monitoring de protection du HCR comprennent\ndeux types de donn\u00e9es. Tout d\u2019abord, des cas de violations de droits de l\u2019homme, dits cas de protection,\nd\u00e9crivant le type d\u2019incidents, les circonstances, le profil des victimes et des auteurs de violations. Ces donn\u00e9es\npermettent de connaitre les circonstances de ces violations de droits de l\u2019homme. Par ailleurs, les cas de\nprotection sont entr\u00e9s dans une banque de donn\u00e9es qui permet de produire des statistiques. Le but de ce\nrapport est de faire parler ces statistiques et de les comparer, dans la mesure du possible, avec les donn\u00e9es\ncontextuelles des cas de protection.\n\n\nAfin de compl\u00e9ter les informations issues du monitoring de protection du HCR, le rapport reprend aussi des\ndonn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par d\u2019autres r\u00e9seaux d\u2019information. C\u2019est notamment le cas des donn\u00e9es du Groupe de\nTravail Protection de l\u2019Enfant, ainsi que des donn\u00e9es sur les violences sexuelles collect\u00e9es par les composantes\nde la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de Lutte contre les Violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre. Certains chiffres de mouvements\nde populations sont \u00e9galement issus de la Commission Provinciale des Mouvements de Populations (CMP), ou\ndes partenaires de gestion des sites (HCR et OIM).\n\n\nDans une premi\u00e8re partie, le rapport pr\u00e9sente par une pr\u00e9sentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la protection en 2013, en\ncommen\u00e7ant par identifier les grandes tendances. Une section examine plus particuli\u00e8rement les tendances en\nmati\u00e8re de violences sexuelles et concernant la protection des enfants. Le rapport pr\u00e9sente ensuite les\ntendances de protection par territoire (par ordre alphab\u00e9tique).\n\n\n1\nEn 2013 90 moniteurs du HCR ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sents en permanence sur le terrain, couvrant 69 groupements sur les 99 que comptent les six\nterritoires de la province du Nord Kivu. Le nombre des moniteurs et le taux de couverture g\u00e9ographique en 2013 sont rest\u00e9s semblables\nen 2013 et 2012. En termes du taux de pr\u00e9sence (moniteur/population), en 2013 chaque moniteur a couvert une population de 73.734\nindividus en moyenne, avec des variations sensibles entre les six territoires de la province (cf tableau ci-dessous )\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoire|Population (chiffres ZS)|Nb.
Moniteurs|Population couverte par
moniteur|Nb. groupements
par territoire|Groupements
couverts|% des
groupements
couverts|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Walikale**|485.878|19|25.573|18|14|77%|\n|**Masisi**|1.009.296|19|53.121|19|14|73%|\n|**Rutshuru**|1.173.939|18|65.219|14|12|85%|\n|**Nyiragongo**|577.804|7|82.543|7|5|71%|\n|**Lubero**|1.295.535|14|92.538|22|12|54%|\n|**Beni**|2.093.595|13|161.046|19|12|63%|\n|**TOTAL**|**6.636.047**|**90**|**73.734**|**99**|**69**|**69%**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **_1. Tendances g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de protection en 2013_**\n\n**Une mauvaise ann\u00e9e pour la protection des populations du Nord Kivu :** l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2013 apparait comme une\nmauvaise ann\u00e9e pour la protection des populations dans le Nord Kivu. Les statistiques de protection pour 2013\nindiquent en effet une augmentation consid\u00e9rable des cas de protection, de plus de 62 pourcent [2] par rapport\n\u00e0 2012.\n\n\nLes territoires de Nyiragongo, Rutshuru et Masisi sont ceux qui ont connu l\u2019augmentation la plus importante\n(cf. tableau ci-dessus). L\u2019augmentation du nombre d\u2019incidents dans les territoires de Rutshuru (+125,5%) et\nNyiragongo (+609,7%) est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la forte militarisation de la zone. L\u2019apparition du M23 dans la province en 2012\na provoqu\u00e9 en r\u00e9action l\u2019apparition ou la reprise de l\u2019activisme de nombreux autres groupes arm\u00e9s dans le\nRutshuru mais aussi dans le territoire voisin du Masisi. Apr\u00e8s la lib\u00e9ration de la ville de Goma occup\u00e9e par le\nM23 en novembre 2012, le groupe arm\u00e9 s\u2019est repli\u00e9 sur quelques territoires au nord de Goma, sur les\nterritoires de Rutshuru et de Nyiragongo, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur d\u00e9faite finale face aux FARDC, appuy\u00e9es par la Brigade\nd\u2019Intervention de la MONUSCO en octobre 2013. Le d\u00e9ploiement des FARDC autour des M23, en particulier\ndans le Nyiragongo, explique aussi l\u2019augmentation des cas de protection.\n\n\n**Un contexte marqu\u00e9 par les conflits et violences arm\u00e9es :** 83 pourcent des violations enregistr\u00e9es dans la\nprovince en 2013 sont attribu\u00e9es aux parties aux conflits arm\u00e9s dans la province, \u00e0 savoir les groupes arm\u00e9s et\nles FARDC. L\u2019importance de ce pourcentage est l\u2019indicateur le plus probant de la persistance des violences et\ndes conflits arm\u00e9s dans la province, et du niveau d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9 du Nord Kivu.\n\n\n2\nPar d\u00e9faut, toutes les donn\u00e9es statistiques mentionn\u00e9es dans ce rapport sont issues du monitoring de protection du HCR\npour le Nord Kivu. Les sources des autres donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es dans ce rapport sont syst\u00e9matiquement sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9es.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques, pris ensemble, sont les premiers auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des cas de protection\ndans la province en 2013. En 2012, la proportion des violations attribu\u00e9es aux groupes arm\u00e9s au NK les\nmettaient en deuxi\u00e8me position, apr\u00e8s les FARDC (cf graphiques ci-dessus). Ce renversement semble avoir eu\nlieu au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2012, avec la s\u00e9cession du M23 dans la province, \u00e0 la faveur de laquelle divers groupes\narm\u00e9s ont repris leurs activit\u00e9s. Les FARDC sont en deuxi\u00e8me position en tant qu\u2019auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des\nviolations enregistr\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Forte pr\u00e9valence des atteintes aux biens :** Les atteintes aux biens (en particulier les vols et pillages, ainsi que\nles extorsions et taxations ill\u00e9gales) restent le premier groupe de cas de protection enregistres en 2013. Si leur\npart dans les cas de protection passe de 56 pourcent en 2012 \u00e0 52 pourcent en 2013, leur nombre est en forte\naugmentation (+ 78 pourcent). Ces cas de protection \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 le premier groupe des violations de droits de\nl\u2019homme en 2012.\n\n\nLa part des extorsions et des taxes ill\u00e9gales repr\u00e9sentent 56 pourcent des atteintes aux biens. Les cas de\ntaxation ill\u00e9gale sont augment\u00e9s de 428% en 2013. Ces exactions sont attribu\u00e9es essentiellement aux groupes\narm\u00e9s (72 pourcent), notamment les diff\u00e9rents groupes Mai Mai, les Nyatura et les FDLR. 18 pourcent des cas\nd\u2019atteintes aux biens sont attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC. Les groupes arm\u00e9s contr\u00f4lent de vastes zones dans la province\net mettent en place des syst\u00e8mes de taxations impos\u00e9s \u00e0 toute la population, comme contribution \u00e0 leur\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9. Elles peuvent par exemple \u00eatre recouvr\u00e9es sur la base d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de bons cachet\u00e9s, qui doivent\n\u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s aux repr\u00e9sentants des groupes arm\u00e9s. Leur non-paiement expose les personnes \u00e0 des amendes\nlourdes ou des arrestations arbitraires. Pour les FARDC, les extorsions ou taxations ill\u00e9gales se font\nprincipalement sur les axes, aux barri\u00e8res de contr\u00f4le, lors des mouvements de populations vers les march\u00e9s\npar exemple.\n\n\nLa part des incendies, vols et pillages, repr\u00e9sentent 39 pourcent des violations relatives aux droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9, une proportion l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sup\u00e9rieure par rapport \u00e0 2012. Ces violations, souvent violentes, sont\ntypiques des crimes commis au cours d\u2019affrontements arm\u00e9s, pr\u00e9dominants dans la province. 75 pourcent des\nincendies enregistr\u00e9s dans la province sont attribu\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s ou aux FARDC.\n\n\nLa recherche de ressources pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es de force aupr\u00e8s des populations locales semble \u00eatre une motivation\nimportante de tous les hommes porteurs d\u2019armes. Ces hommes assurent en grande partie, sinon leur survie\nmat\u00e9rielle, du moins leurs revenus, sur le dos des populations locales. Alors que des \u00e9tudes ont mis au jour le\ncontr\u00f4le de ressources mini\u00e8res par les groupes arm\u00e9s, le partage des richesses g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par ces ressources\nne semblent pas profiter au combattant de base [3] . Pour les FARDC, des conditions de vie difficiles des soldats,\n\n\n3 Cf par exemple Enough Project, _Striking Gold: How M23 and its Allies are Infiltrating Congo's Gold Trade_, octobre 2013\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "et l\u2019impunit\u00e9 [4], concourent aussi au comportement de pr\u00e9dation par les hommes en armes sur la population\ncivile.\n\n\nLes hommes repr\u00e9sentent 77 pourcent des victimes des violations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Toutefois, ces violations\ntouchent en fait le m\u00e9nage entier, tels que les incendies ou les vols et pillages. La victime enregistr\u00e9e par le\nmonitoring de protection du HCR est le chef de m\u00e9nage, soit un homme dans la majorit\u00e9 de cas. La taxation\nill\u00e9gale, instaur\u00e9e par les groupes arm\u00e9s, est aussi impos\u00e9e en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral aux hommes et gar\u00e7ons, en fonction de\nleur \u00e2ge ou taille. De fait, 69 pourcent des victimes de ces taxations sont des hommes.\n\n\n**Atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 par les hommes en armes** : Les violations relatives aux droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 sont le\ndeuxi\u00e8me groupe des cas de protection les plus nombreuses en 2013. Les cas de travaux forc\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0\neux seuls 49 pourcent de ces violations et sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 95 pourcent aux FARDC et aux groupes arm\u00e9s (en\nparticulier, les M23, les groupes Mai Mai, les groupes Nyatura et les FDLR). Les victimes sont en particulier\nforc\u00e9es de transporter les effets militaires ou autres, de creuser des tranch\u00e9es ou de construire des abris pour\nles FARDC, les groupes arm\u00e9s ou leurs familles. La part des violations de droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 est plus\nimportante pour les FARDC (35 pourcent des violations qui leur sont attribu\u00e9es) que pour les groupes arm\u00e9s\n(19 pourcent). Mais cette part varie consid\u00e9rablement entre groupes arm\u00e9s. Elle atteint 57 pourcent pour les\nADF-NALU, et est constitu\u00e9e de cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement \u00e0 90 pourcent.\n\n\nLa quasi-totalit\u00e9 des cas de recrutement forc\u00e9 (265 cas enregistr\u00e9s en 2013) sont attribu\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa part des violations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 est aussi particuli\u00e8rement importante pour la PNC (cf \u00ab Les cas de\nprotection attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s ou personnes civiles \u00bb plus bas).\n\n\nLa vaste majorit\u00e9 des victimes des violations relatives aux droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 sont les hommes (93\npourcent), confirmant une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re notamment face aux risques d\u2019arrestations arbitraires, de\nrecrutement et de travaux forc\u00e9s. Pour les enl\u00e8vements, la part des femmes et des filles est un peu plus\nimportante (17 pourcent). 11 pourcent des victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement sont des enfants.\n\n\n**Des risques s\u00e9rieux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique :** Les violations relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique (en y incluant les violences sexuelles [5] ) ne repr\u00e9sentent pas la part des cas de protection la plus\nimportante mais restent consid\u00e9rables dans la province, avec 21 pourcent du total des cas rapport\u00e9es en 2013.\n66 pourcent de ces cas de protection sont attribu\u00e9es aux membres de groupes arm\u00e9s, contre 10 pourcent aux\nFARDC. La part de ces violations n\u2019a pas significativement \u00e9volu\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 2012.\n\n\nToutefois, ces chiffres ne donnent pas l\u2019ampleur des risques de violences physiques li\u00e9es aux affrontements et\nviolences arm\u00e9es dans la province. Le monitoring de protection du HCR du n\u2019enregistre que partiellement les\nmorts et bless\u00e9s li\u00e9es directement aux effets des conflits arm\u00e9s dans la province. Les mouvements de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s, fuyant les violences arm\u00e9es dans la province, confirment toutefois la gravite des menaces qui p\u00e8sent\nsur la population. De janvier \u00e0 novembre 2013, pr\u00e8s de 386 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ndans la province, contre seulement pr\u00e8s de 121 000 mouvements de retour enregistr\u00e9s [6] .\n\n\nLa part des atteintes \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique dans les cas de protection attribu\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s\n(14 pourcent) est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 leur part dans les cas attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC (8 pourcent), indiquant\npeut-\u00eatre une plus grande attention donn\u00e9e aux principes de pr\u00e9caution dans l\u2019attaque et de distinction, par\nles FARDC que par les groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques.\n\n\n**Les cas de protection attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s ou personnes civiles:** Pr\u00e8s de 18 pourcent des exactions\ncommises contre la population du Nord Kivu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s civiles, notamment la PNC, ou les\nautorit\u00e9s civiles, ou des personnes priv\u00e9es. Le groupe le plus important de ces exactions est attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la PNC,\npour 5 pourcent d\u2019entre elles. La majorit\u00e9 des cas de protection (55 pourcent) attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments PNC\n\n\n4 Cf Rift Valley Institute, _[Arm\u00e9e nationale et groupes arm\u00e9s dans l\u2019est du Congo: Trancher le n\u0153ud gordien de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9](http://www.riftvalley.net/publication/arm%C3%A9e-nationale-et-groupes-arm%C3%A9s-dans-l%E2%80%99est-du-congo)_,\n2013\n5\nPour plus de d\u00e9tails sur les violences sexuelles, cf section plus bas.\n6 Chiffres Commission de Mouvements de Population NK.\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "comprennent principalement les arrestations arbitraires. Les cas relatifs aux droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 suivent,\navec 37 pourcent des cas de protection. Les deux types de cas de protections sont tr\u00e8s li\u00e9s, les arrestations\n\u00e9tant souvent r\u00e9solues par le paiement d\u2019amendes exorbitantes et arbitraires.\n\n\nLes autorit\u00e9s locales civiles sont aussi les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de pr\u00e8s de 731 cas de protection en 2013. Ces\nexactions comprennent principalement des atteintes aux biens (extorsion ou taxations ill\u00e9gales) et les\natteintes \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, en particulier les arrestations arbitraires.\n\n\nLes personnes civiles, bandits ou auteurs non-identifi\u00e9s, sont les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de plus de 8 pourcent des\nexactions enregistr\u00e9es en 2013. Ces exactions comprennent en premier lieu les atteintes aux biens (vols) et les\nviolences sexuelles (cf section 2).\n\n## **_2. Violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre_**\n\n\nLa situation des Violences Sexuelles et Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VSBG) demeure pr\u00e9occupante dans la province de\nNord Kivu depuis les 5 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et ce malgr\u00e9 la mise en place de la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de lutte contre\nles Violence Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (SNVBG) et les efforts de tous les partenaires dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la dite\nStrat\u00e9gie.\n\n\nAu Nord-Kivu, les zones de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face aux violences sexuelles sont les territoires sous contr\u00f4le des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s ou FARDC, y compris les zones expos\u00e9es aux affrontements arm\u00e9s, ainsi que les zones de\nd\u00e9placements. Les violences sexuelles sont principalement commises par des hommes en armes (groupes\narm\u00e9s ou FARDC/PNC), en particulier lors de mouvements (vers le march\u00e9, collecte de bois, travaux des\nchamps, mouvement de populations), mais aussi par des civils de tout bord \u00e0 la faveur de l\u2019impunit\u00e9.\n\n\nCette situation est exacerb\u00e9e par les conflits arm\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement depuis 2012. La pl\u00e9thore d\u2019hommes en\narm\u00e9s au Nord Kivu commettent des exactions multiples, au rang desquels les violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur\nle genre se distinguent (plus de 7 pourcent des cas de protection en 2013). Les violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre au Nord Kivu trouvent leurs causes profondes dans l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs li\u00e9e \u00e0 une faible\npr\u00e9sence de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat dans certaines localit\u00e9s. De plus, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de plus en plus pr\u00e9occupant, on\nassiste \u00e0 une socialisation des VSBG au sein de la population civile. Ce changement qui a ses fondements dans\nune conception du statut de la femme comme Inferieure, les coutumes et les normes r\u00e9trogrades favorisant\nune conception du genre in\u00e9gale contribuent \u00e0 la violence, et l\u2019\u00e9rosion des structures de protection\ncommunautaire.\n\n\nConcernant les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s et rapport\u00e9s, on peut remarquer qu\u2019outre le fait des groupes arm\u00e9s,\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nombres de cas rapport\u00e9s seraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9tatiques (FARDC) et par les populations\nciviles. Ces statistiques encouragent et montrent l\u2019importance de travailler sur les causes profondes des\nviolences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre qui ne sont pas simplement le fait des hommes en armes dans la\nprovince.\n\nLes cas de viols sont les incidents les plus rapport\u00e9s avec 2416 incidents sur un total de 2904 cas SGBV. Cela\nmontre certes une tr\u00e8s forte pr\u00e9gnance du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mais indique aussi les obstacles \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer les autres\nincidents de SGBV qui ne sont pas toujours compris comme tels. Les normes culturelles ne permettent pas\ntoujours de d\u00e9noncer les d\u00e9nis de ressources ou les mariages pr\u00e9coces qui n\u2019apparaissent pas comme des\n\nviolations majeures pour les personnes victimes. Les\nefforts dans la sensibilisation, et la formation des\ncommunaut\u00e9s et de leurs leaders doivent encore \u00eatre\nrenforces sur ces aspects moins accept\u00e9s de violations.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9sidents sont les plus touch\u00e9s par les SGBV avec\n1575 incidents rapport\u00e9s soit 54.2% du nombre total.\nCela d\u00e9montre l\u2019importance du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des SGBV au\nNord Kivu au-del\u00e0 des d\u00e9placements et des crises\nchroniques.\n\n\nLes survivants sont avant tout des femmes mais 4% des\ncas rapport\u00e9s concernait des hommes. Il faut noter que\nles cas perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre les hommes sont largement sous\nrapport\u00e9 et que les donn\u00e9es de prise en charge montrent\nune pr\u00e9valence plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.\n\n\nLes mineurs sont largement touch\u00e9s par ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne car il repr\u00e9sente 32.7% des cas rapport\u00e9s.\n\n## **_3. Protection des enfants_**\n\n\nLes enfants dans le Nord Kivu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des menaces tr\u00e8s graves de protection. Le monitoring de\nprotection du HCR a rapport\u00e9 2461 cas de protection ayant des enfants pour victimes. Ce chiffre ne donne pas\ntoute l\u2019ampleur des violations des droits humains commises contre les enfants dans la province en 2013. Les\ncas de recrutement forc\u00e9s, les cas de violences sexuelles perp\u00e8tres contre des enfants sont tr\u00e8s certainement\nlargement sup\u00e9rieurs aux cas que le monitoring protection a pu identifier.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les violations des droits de l\u2019enfant commises par les parties aux conflits (forces et groupes arm\u00e9s)\nrepr\u00e9sentent 64 pourcent des cas rapport\u00e9s. 50 pourcent des cas de violations commises contre les enfants\nsont attribu\u00e9s et \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s. Elles comprennent en particulier des cas de recrutement,\nde travaux forc\u00e9s et de violences sexuelles. 14 pourcent des cas ayant des enfants pour victimes sont attribu\u00e9s\n\u00e0 des membres des FARDC. Ces cas comprennent en particulier des cas de travaux forc\u00e9s, de vols/extorsion, et\ndes cas de violences sexuelles.\n\n\nLes cas de violences sexuelles repr\u00e9sentent le premier groupe de cas de protection concernant les enfants (38\npourcent), d\u2019apr\u00e8s le monitoring protection du HCR (cf section \u00ab violences sexuelles \u00bb).\n\n\nLes cas d\u2019utilisation des enfants par les parties aux conflits arm\u00e9s, y compris le recrutement et les travaux\nforc\u00e9s, sont consid\u00e9rables. La totalit\u00e9 des cas de recrutement rapportes en 2013 (180 cas) est attribu\u00e9e aux\nmembres des groupes arm\u00e9s. Un total de 1885 cas d\u2019enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge et\nr\u00e9unifi\u00e9s en 2013 par les acteurs de protection de l\u2019enfant. Mais un nombre ind\u00e9termin\u00e9 d\u2019enfants ont sans\ndoute r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 \u00e9chapper aux groupes arm\u00e9s qui les avaient recrut\u00e9s (enfants auto d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s), sans se\nsignaler aupr\u00e8s des acteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Selon le Groupe de Travail Protection de l\u2019Enfant Nord Kivu, le nombre\nd\u2019enfants associes aux groupes arm\u00e9s dans la province fin 2013 varient entre 2800 et 3600 enfants. Plusieurs\nrapports signalent que de nombreux enfants rejoignent les groupes arm\u00e9s sous la pression des communaut\u00e9s,\nafin de soulager le poids des taxations que font peser les groupes arm\u00e9s sur les familles.\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection HCR rapporte 227 cas de travaux forc\u00e9s ayant eu des enfants pour victimes. 84\npourcent sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e9galement aux membres de groupes de groupes arm\u00e9s ou des FARDC.\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de population affectent un nombre consid\u00e9rable d\u2019enfants. Par exemple, dans les\nsites de d\u00e9placement dont la gestion est appuy\u00e9e par le HCR, on compte plus de 100 000 enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, soit\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "66 pourcent de la population de ces sites. [7] . En 2013, 83 600 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us dans des espaces amis\nd\u2019enfants dans la province.\n\n\nUn nombre consid\u00e9rable d\u2019enfants sont non-accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s, suite aux d\u00e9placements de population\net des conflits et violences arm\u00e9s. Un total de 1905 enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge en 2013\npar les acteurs de protection de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\n7\nChiffres UNHCR et OIM.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Beni**\n\n\n## **_4. Tendances par territoire (ordre alphab\u00e9tique)_**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population8|Nb individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|77 980|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|24 680|\n\n\n\nAvec 2972 incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s en 2013, Beni est le territoire apparemment le moins touch\u00e9\ndans le Nord Kivu, mais ce score est \u00e0 relativiser, car le territoire du Nord Kivu est le moins couvert par le\nr\u00e9seau du monitoring protection du HCR (cf Introduction \u2013 note 1). Les chiffres de nouveaux mouvements de\nd\u00e9placement enregistr\u00e9s dans le territoire sont comparables \u00e0 ceux du territoire de Masisi, un des territoires\nles plus touch\u00e9s par les cas de protection dans la province.\n\n\nLes cas de protection les plus fr\u00e9quents dans le territoire de Beni sont les extorsions de biens (22%), suivi par\nles vols/pillages (17%) et les arrestations arbitraires (16%). Un total de 347 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement\nrapport\u00e9, repr\u00e9sentant la majorit\u00e9 (43%) des enl\u00e8vements signal\u00e9s dans toute la province du Nord Kivu en\n2013. La majorit\u00e9 des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements (70 pourcent) dans le territoire de Beni ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF/Nalu.\n\n\n8\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les FARDC sont les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s pour 15% des violations document\u00e9es pendant 2013, notamment pour\ncas d\u2019extorsions de biens et de vol/pillage.\n\n\nLa proportion des incidents de protection attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres types d\u2019auteurs (cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab autres \u00bb dans le\ngraphique ci-dessus) est plus importante que dans d\u2019autres territoires. Elle comprend notamment de\nnombreuses exactions attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des bandits (notamment pour la destruction de biens, ou vols et pillages),\nmais aussi les autorit\u00e9s civiles (en particulier pour des cas d\u2019arrestations arbitraires, d\u2019extorsion et de travaux\nforc\u00e9s).\n\n\nLe territoire de Beni a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par plusieurs affrontements entre les groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC. En\nparticulier la situation est devenue tr\u00e8s tendue suite \u00e0 l\u2019occupation par les ADF/Nalu de l\u2019axe Mbau-Kamango \u00e0\nla fin du mois de juin 2013. Depuis lors, plusieurs affrontements ont eu lieu dans la zone entre le groupe arm\u00e9\net les FARDC, obligeant la population civile \u00e0 quitter la zone. Depuis le 15 juillet 2013, 31 136 individus (10.739\nm\u00e9nages) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au centre de transit de Bubukwanga en Ouganda. Une partie des refugi\u00e9s en\nOuganda a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en charge par des familles d\u2019accueil en Ouganda. Mais la majorit\u00e9 de la population\ncivile de la zone s\u2019est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 Nobili en plusieurs vagues. Environ 15.000 m\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, dont\nune partie faisait des mouvements pendulaires transfrontaliers.\n\n\nLa population civile a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par les affrontements arm\u00e9s et par une recrudescence\nde cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements en particulier depuis l\u2019occupation de la part des ADF-NALU de l\u2019axe Mbau-Kamango. En\noctobre 2013, cinq aires de sante de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kamango (Mulopya, Kitimba, Male, Ndama, Kamango\net Bungando) \u00e9taient encore jug\u00e9es instables du fait de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. En d\u00e9pit du renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence\ndes FARDC en pr\u00e9vision d\u2019une op\u00e9ration contre les groupes arm\u00e9s dans la zone, le niveau des menaces contre\nla population civile est rest\u00e9 tr\u00e8s important jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles** **[9]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composante
Donn\u00e9es/Cartographie, Strat\u00e9gie
nationale de lutte contre les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|333|310|726|\n\n\nSur les 310 cas de violences sexuelles enregistr\u00e9s dans le territoire en 2013, la majorit\u00e9 (49 pourcent) sont\nattribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes priv\u00e9es. 43 pourcent des cas de violences sexuelles sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des hommes\narm\u00e9s (FARDC, groupes arm\u00e9s, bandits, ainsi que la PNC). Les cas attribu\u00e9s a des \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC se sont\nconcentr\u00e9s sur l\u2019axe Mbau-Eringeti et le groupement de Bawisa (Nobili).\n\n\nLe taux de prise en charge des survivantes dans les 72 heures est de 70 pourcent, et de 74 pourcent pour les\nsurvivantes mineures.\n\n\n**Protection des enfants**\n\n307 cas ayant pour victimes des enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans le territoire de Beni en 2013. 53 pourcent de\nces cas sont des cas de violences sexuelles, commis dans leur grande majorit\u00e9 (68 pourcent) par des personnes\npriv\u00e9es.\n\n\n9\nPour chaque territoire, un tableau comparatif des donn\u00e9es disponibles en mati\u00e8re de violences sexuelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 inclus.\nOutre les statistiques issues de monitoring de protection du HCR, le tableau inclut les donn\u00e9es provenant de la\nComposante Donn\u00e9es et Cartographie (Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de Lutte contre les Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre), coordonn\u00e9es\npar UNFPA et le Minist\u00e8re du Genre, ainsi que de la Division Provinciale du Genre. Les donn\u00e9es 2013 provenant de ces\nderni\u00e8res sources sont encore provisoires au moment de la publication du pr\u00e9sent rapport.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "29 pourcent des violations commises contre les enfants (90 cas) sont des atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, essentiellement\ndes enl\u00e8vements ou disparitions forc\u00e9es, ou des arrestations arbitraires. 57 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements en 2013, soit 16 pourcent des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements enregistr\u00e9s dans le territoire.\n\n\n387 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge en 2013 dans le territoire de Beni et celui du\nLubero.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**LUBERO**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population 10|Nb individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|50 325|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|34 515|\n\n\n\nAvec 3561 incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s en 2013, le territoire de Lubero est le quatri\u00e8me territoire de la\nprovince du Nord Kivu le plus touch\u00e9.\n\n\nEn 2013, plusieurs affrontements arm\u00e9s opposant les groupes arm\u00e9s entre eux ou opposant les groupes arm\u00e9s\nau FARDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s. Les groupements plus touch\u00e9s sont au sud du territoire de Lubero, en particulier le\ngroupement de Musindi (36%) et le groupement de Itala (11%), suivi par la ville de Butembo (8%).\n\n\nDe vastes zones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sous le contr\u00f4le de divers groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment :\n\n\n - C\u00f4te ouest du Lac Edouard, par les divers groupes Mai Mai, dont les Mai Mai Muhambalilaki, Kasauti,\n\nTangofort et Mai Mai PRM (Patriotes R\u00e9sistants Mai Mai)\n\n\n - La zone du carrier minier Musiya, contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les Mai Mai Lafontaine\n\n\n - Sud-ouest du Lubero, par les FDLR, dont la pr\u00e9sence s\u2019est accrue en 2013, apr\u00e8s que divers groupes\n\nFDLR ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s du Walikale par les Raia Mutomboki.\n\n\n10\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les FARDC sont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sentes sur les axes principaux. Des affrontements r\u00e9currents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\nentre FARDC et groupes arm\u00e9s, donnant lieu \u00e0 des mouvements de d\u00e9placement, mais aussi des actions de\nrepr\u00e9sailles contre les communaut\u00e9s expos\u00e9es \u00e0 ces affrontements. De nombreux cas de recrutement forc\u00e9s\nsont attribu\u00e9s aux FDLR, notamment des recrutements d\u2019enfants. Un camp de formation des FDLR a \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9 dans le village de Kayanza, dans le Sud Lubero.\n\n\nLa grande majorit\u00e9 des incidents de protection sont des violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (69%), en particulier\nextorsions de bien et vols/pillages commis principalement par les groupes arm\u00e9s (FDLR et Mai Mai). Tous les\nacteurs au conflit dans le territoire tirent des ressources ill\u00e9galement des communaut\u00e9s locales, notamment\naux barri\u00e8res de contr\u00f4le, auxquelles des taxations ill\u00e9gales sont impos\u00e9es par les groupes arm\u00e9s ou les\nFARDC. On signale \u00e9galement de nombreux cas de vols de r\u00e9coltes. Les groupes arm\u00e9s soumettent les\npopulations \u00e0 des taxations syst\u00e9matiques dans les zones sous leur contr\u00f4le. Les cas de travaux forc\u00e9s,\nnotamment pour le transport d\u2019effets militaires, sont \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\nDans la localit\u00e9 de Luofu et alentours, \u00e0 cheval entre les groupements de Tama et de Itala, le retour des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s d\u2019ethnie Hutu est contest\u00e9 par la population locale d\u2019ethnie Nande, causant de fortes tensions\nintercommunautaires. Pendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e, le nombre de retourn\u00e9s Hutus a augment\u00e9 significativement\nprincipalement dans la zone de Kyuto-Luhanga et Busekera \u00e0 environs 25 km de Luofu. Dans cette zone,\nplusieurs cas de conflits fonciers sont signal\u00e9s entre les deux communaut\u00e9s et la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me\nadministratif Hutu parall\u00e8le \u00e0 celui d\u00e9j\u00e0 existant a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 par la population locale. Les tensions entre la\npopulation Nande et les retourn\u00e9s Hutu souvent m\u00e8nent \u00e0 crises ouvertes avec affrontements entre les deux\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa situation est rest\u00e9e tr\u00e8s tendue et la faible pr\u00e9sence de FARDC et de la PNC n\u2019a pas facilit\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution du\nconflit, notamment pour contenir les fr\u00e9quentes manifestations de la population locale Nande contre le retour\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s Hutu.\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composante data/mapping,
Strat\u00e9gie nationale de lutte contre
les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|1573|96|1531|\n\n\nLe taux de prise en charge des survivantes de violences sexuelle dans le d\u00e9lai des 72 heures dans le territoire\nest de 61 pourcent. Pour les survivantes mineures, le taux de prise en charge dans les 72 heures est de 40\npourcent.\n\n\nPour les cas de violences sexuelles rapport\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection du HCR, 30 pourcent sont\nattribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes priv\u00e9es. 45 pourcent sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Protection des enfants**\n\n149 cas de protection rapport\u00e9s par le monitoring protection du HCR ont pour victimes des enfants. 44 cas de\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, principalement des viols ou agressions sexuelles, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n\n120 cas de protection contre des enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des hommes en armes (FARDC, groupes arm\u00e9s,\nbandits, ainsi que la PNC), et comprennent principalement des cas de recrutement forc\u00e9s, de travaux forc\u00e9s,\nd\u2019arrestations arbitraires et de violences sexuelles. Tous les cas de recrutement forc\u00e9s (28 cas) rapport\u00e9s par le\nmonitoring de protection du HCR concernent des enfants.\n\n\n387 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge en 2013 dans le territoire de Lubero et celui de\nBeni en 2013.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MASISI**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population 11|Nb
individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux**
**mouvements de**
**d\u00e9plac\u00e9s**
**en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|70 911|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en 2013**
**(janv-nov)**|59 194|\n\n\n\nLe territoire de Masisi est le deuxi\u00e8me territoire le plus touch\u00e9 par les incidents de protection dans la province\nen 2013. Le territoire est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un grand nombre de groupes arm\u00e9s, auxquels sont attribu\u00e9es la\nmajorit\u00e9 des violations. Les affrontements arm\u00e9s opposant ces groupes arm\u00e9s entre eux, ou opposant les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s aux FARDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreux. Peu de zones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9es par les affrontements et les\nviolences arm\u00e9es en 2013. On peut signaler :\n\n\n - Zone de Kitchanga : Affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s APCLS (Hunde) et Nyatura (Hutu), ou entre\n\nces groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC. De graves affrontements en mars et avril 2013 ont caus\u00e9 de\nnombreuses destructions et des mouvements de populations fuyant la localit\u00e9.\n\n\n - Zone de Mpati : Plusieurs groupes armes se partagent la zone, notamment les FDDH, Les FPLC du\n\n\u201cColonel\u201d Jean Marie, et les FDLR/FOCA\n\n\n11\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Axe Kitchanga \u2013 Mweso \u2013 Kalembe, dont le contr\u00f4le est disput\u00e9 par les FDDH, les APCLS, et les FDLR\n\nallies aux Nyatura.\n\n\n - Zone de Nyabiondo \u2013 Kashebere, zone d\u2019affrontements r\u00e9currents entre FARDC et APCLS\n\n\n - Zone de Katoyi \u2013 Ufamandu, disput\u00e9e par les Raia Mutomboki et divers groupes Nyatura\n\n\nLes zones de Mpati, l\u2019axe Mweso-Kalembe, la zone de Katoyi ont \u00e9t\u00e9 largement sans pr\u00e9sence des FARDC en\n2013. La mise en \u0153uvre de la nouvelle politique de la MONUSCO pour la protection des civils (dite \u00ab nouveau\nparadigme \u00bb) a conduit \u00e0 la fermeture des bases militaires de la MONUSCO \u00e0 Kalembe et Ngungu. Les\nd\u00e9ploiements des FARDC dans la province n\u2019ont pas permis de combler le vide s\u00e9curitaire dans ces zones, qui\nsont rest\u00e9es sous le contr\u00f4le des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes violations de droits humains comprennent en premier lieu les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, en\nparticulier les taxes ill\u00e9gales et les extorsions de biens. Lors des affrontements pour le contr\u00f4le d\u2019une zone, les\nparties au conflit soumettent les populations \u00e0 des atteintes graves pour leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physiques. Il\ns\u2019agit notamment de meurtres, de violences y compris sexuelles, de recrutement forc\u00e9s et travaux forc\u00e9s (en\nparticulier lors des mouvements de troupes) et de destructions de biens civils.\n\n\nLe processus de regroupement des groupes arm\u00e9s en vue de leur d\u00e9mobilisation ou int\u00e9gration dans les\nFARDC a engendr\u00e9 de nombreux risques de protection pour les populations locales. A Bweremana, la\nconcentration de membres de groupes arm\u00e9s en attente d\u2019un processus de DDR ou d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans les\nFARDC n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un encadrement et d\u2019un soutien mat\u00e9riel suffisants. De nombreux cas de\nviolences, y compris sexuelles, et de vols, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les communaut\u00e9s autour de ce camp de\nregroupement.\n\n\nLe territoire est le plus touch\u00e9 par les d\u00e9placements de population en 2013, apr\u00e8s le Walikale. Les populations\nse sont r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es soit vers les bases MONUSCO (Kitchanga, Mpati, Masisi), ou dans les localit\u00e9s o\u00f9 les FARDC\nsont pr\u00e9sentes (Ngungu par exemple).\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composante
Donn\u00e9es/Cartographies, Strat\u00e9gie
nationale de lutte contre les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|1148|481|3381|\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9valence des violences sexuelles dans le territoire reste forte. Selon les statistiques de prise en charge, le\nMasisi serait le premier territoire touch\u00e9 par les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre en 2013. Selon le monitoring de\nprotection du HCR, les groupes arm\u00e9s repr\u00e9senteraient 44 pourcent des auteurs des cas de violences\nsexuelles. 33 pourcent des cas rapport\u00e9s sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes civiles, bandits ou autres personnes\ninconnues. Seuls 8 pourcent des cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC et la PNC.\n\n\nLa prise en charge m\u00e9dicale des survivantes dans le d\u00e9lai de 72 heures atteint 77 pourcent, un des plus hauts\ndans la province. Toutefois, la prise en charge des survivantes mineures n\u2019atteint que 20 pourcent.\n\n\n**Protection des enfants**\n\n307 cas de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s contre les enfants dans la province. La grande majorit\u00e9 (66 pourcent)\ndes victimes sont des filles. Les taxes ill\u00e9gales et extorsions repr\u00e9sentent 30 pourcent des violations perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es\ncontre les enfants. Les violences sexuelles repr\u00e9sentent 28 pourcent des violations contre les enfants dans le\nterritoire. L\u2019exploitation des enfants dans les carriers miniers ou dans les fermes a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Selon le Groupe de Travail Protection de l\u2019Enfant, 497 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge\nen 2013 dans le territoire de Masisi (Masisi centre et sud), mais on estime encore \u00e0 500-600 enfants encore\nassoci\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s dans le territoire.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NYARAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population 12|Nb
individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|Non
disponible|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en 2013**
**(janv-nov)**|Non
disponible|\n\n\n\nAvec 2768 cas de protection rapport\u00e9s en 2013, Goma et le Nyiragongo sont en derni\u00e8re position. Le\nNyiragongo regroupe \u00e0 lui seul 65 pourcent de ces cas, qui ont connu une baisse apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite des M23 en\nnovembre 2013. La zone de Goma et du Nyiragongo a \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de nombreux affrontements arm\u00e9s au\ncours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, provoquant des mouvements de populations, notamment en juillet et en octobre 2013. Une\npartie de ces mouvements se sont dirig\u00e9s vers les sites de d\u00e9placement existants ou des sites publics dans la\np\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Goma (\u00e9coles, \u00e9glises), mais aussi vers l\u2019Ouganda et le Rwanda. Le r\u00e9tablissement du contr\u00f4le de\nl\u2019Etat sur le Nyiragongo a permis aux populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es d\u2019amorcer leur retour durable vers ces zones \u00e0\npartir de novembre 2013.\n\n\nAvec 62 pourcent des violations enregistr\u00e9es dans la zone, la part des atteintes au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (atteintes\naux biens) est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne provinciale (56 pourcent).\n\n\nLa forte militarisation de la zone, y compris Goma et ses alentours, a aussi eu des cons\u00e9quences sur la\nprotection. Dans les zones des sites de d\u00e9placement de Goma, plusieurs cas de violences physiques, de travaux\nforc\u00e9s, ou d\u2019atteintes aux biens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\n12\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Avec 31 pourcent, la part \u00ab autres \u00bb parmi les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des cas de violations de droits humains\nenregistr\u00e9s est une des plus importantes dans la province. Cette cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s comprend en\ngrande partie des particuliers, notamment pour des cas de vols.\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composante
Donn\u00e9es/Cartographies, Strat\u00e9gie
nationale de lutte contre les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|607|364|1296|\n\n\nLe taux de prise en charge des survivantes dans les 24 heures n\u2019est que de 46 pourcent, le plus bas de la\nprovince, de m\u00eame pour la prise en charge des survivantes mineures (24 pourcent). Le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s\npourrait s\u2019expliquer par la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services existants dans les zones qui \u00e9taient sous contr\u00f4le des\nM23 ou expos\u00e9es aux affrontements arm\u00e9s. 70 pourcent des cas de violences sexuelles rapport\u00e9s par le\nmonitoring de protection du HCR dans le Nyiragongo sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s. Ces\nviolences sexuelles ont notamment lieu dans le parc naturel de Virunga, au cours de mouvements des femmes\npour la recherche de combustibles.\n\n\n**Protection des enfants**\n\nSelon le Groupe de Travail Protection de l\u2019Enfant, 541 enfants sortis de groupes arm\u00e9s [13] ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge\ndans la zone en 2013. Les cas de 587 enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s. 643 enfants\nnon-accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9unifi\u00e9s avec leur familles [14] . Le nombre d\u2019enfants encore associ\u00e9s aux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans le Nyiragongo et Goma est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 500-600 enfants.\n\n\nLe monitoring protection du HCR a enregistr\u00e9 148 cas de violations concernant des enfants dans la zone. Les\nviolences sexuelles repr\u00e9sentent 38 pourcent de ces violations.\n\n\n13 Y compris la zone Bord du Lac (Masisi)\n14 Ce chiffre comprend des cas trait\u00e9s dans la zone Bord du Lac (Masisi). Il comprend aussi des cas identifi\u00e9s en 2012.\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RUTSHURU**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population 15|Nb
individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|39 285|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en 2013**
**(janv-nov)**|9 825|\n\n\n\nLe territoire de Rutshuru a \u00e9t\u00e9 le territoire le plus touch\u00e9 par les incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince en 2013.\n\n\nPr\u00e8s de six groupements sur les 14 que compte le territoire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sous le contr\u00f4le du groupe arm\u00e9 M23\njusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but novembre 2013. Plusieurs groupes arm\u00e9s, dont les FDLR, des groupes Nyatura, et les Mai Mai\nShetani, ont aussi exerc\u00e9 leur contr\u00f4le sur tout ou partie des autres groupements. En dehors de la zone M23,\nles autorit\u00e9s de la RDC ont eu un contr\u00f4le effectif sur les localit\u00e9s et les axes principaux. La proportion des\nexactions attribu\u00e9es aux les groupes arm\u00e9s dans le Rutshuru est la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de toute la province. 43\npourcent des exactions attribu\u00e9es aux groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es aux M23. Dans les zones sous leur\ncontr\u00f4le, les incidents de protection comprenaient en particulier de nombreux cas d\u2019arrestations arbitraires,\nainsi que des risques s\u00e9rieux de recrutement forc\u00e9s ou de travaux forc\u00e9s.\n\n\nAfin de contrer l\u2019influence des M23 dans la zone, plusieurs groupes arm\u00e9s ont renforc\u00e9 leur action (FRLR) ou se\nsont cr\u00e9\u00e9s (Mai Mai Shetani, MPA). Les FDLR sont en particulier implant\u00e9s dans le groupement de Binza, o\u00f9 la\npr\u00e9sence du groupe Mai Mai Shetani et groupes Nyatura a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e. Les FDLR sont \u00e9galement\n\n\n15\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "implant\u00e9es dans les groupements \u00e0 l\u2019ouest du parc de Virunga. Dans ces zones, les groupes arm\u00e9s ont impos\u00e9\nleur contr\u00f4le, sous forme de taxation ill\u00e9gales et de travaux forc\u00e9s. Le refus de se soumettre \u00e0 ces obligations\nont expos\u00e9 les personnes \u00e0 des risques d\u2019arrestations arbitraires, de coups et blessures ou de meurtres. Dans\nles zones de contact entre ces groupes, de nombreux accrochages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s notamment dans la zone\nde Kiwanja, Rutshuru Centre, et de Busanza. Ces accrochages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis des multiples abus contre la\npopulation (meurtre, arrestations et d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, pillage des biens, mauvais traitement, viol,\nenl\u00e8vements, etc.).\n\n\nApres le d\u00e9part des M23 du Rutshuru, le nombre des exactions enregistr\u00e9es dans la province a d\u00e9cru\nconsid\u00e9rablement. Toutefois, le retour des FARDC et de la PNC dans ces zones a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9 de\nnombreuses exactions, y compris les arrestations arbitraires, vols et pillages ainsi que des meurtres et des\nviolences sexuelles.\n\n\nLes mouvements de population se sont dirig\u00e9s essentiellement vers Goma et le Nyiragongo, mais aussi vers les\npays voisins (Ouganda ou Rwanda)(non comptabilis\u00e9s par la Commission des Mouvements de Populations). La\nfin du contr\u00f4le des M23 dans le Rutshuru a permis aux populations originaires de ces zones d\u2019amorcer leur\nretour dans leurs villages d\u2019origine en novembre et d\u00e9cembre 2013.\n\n\nPlusieurs rapports signalent des conflits en agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs (par exemple dans les groupements de\nJomba ou de Bukoma), notamment du fait de la \u00ab divagation \u00bb des troupeaux dans les champs cultiv\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composante
Donn\u00e9es/Cartographie, Strat\u00e9gie
nationale de lutte contre les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|1913|1062|3197|\n\n\nTous les syst\u00e8mes de collectes de donn\u00e9es indiquent que le Rutshuru a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des territoires les plus touch\u00e9s\npar les violences sexuelles dans le Nord Kivu en 2013. Le niveau d\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes aux soins m\u00e9dicaux\ndans les 72 heures est une des plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de la province (89 pourcent). Le niveau d\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes\nmineures aux soins m\u00e9dicaux dans les 72 heures est rest\u00e9 toutefois \u00e0 23 pourcent des survivantes mineures,\npla\u00e7ant le Rutshuru parmi les territoires avec les taux d\u2019acc\u00e8s les plus faibles pour les mineures. 70 pourcent\ndes violences sexuelles dans le territoire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s, selon les\nstatistiques du monitoring protection du HCR. 22 pourcent des cas de violences sexuelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0\ndes personnes priv\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Protection des enfants**\n\n530 cas de protection ont eu des enfants pour victimes, dont la moiti\u00e9 sont de filles. 144 cas sont des cas de\nviolences sexuelles, mais le niveau de violences sexuelles enregistr\u00e9es contre les enfants peut aussi s\u2019expliquer\npar le faible niveau d\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes mineures aux services de prise en charge (cf plus haut). Plusieurs\nmaisons de tol\u00e9rance, o\u00f9 des enfants sont exploit\u00e9s, sont \u00e9galement signal\u00e9es.\n\n\n129 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans des familles d\u2019accueil transitoires dans le territoire\nen 2013. 590 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appuy\u00e9s par des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus et\nautres activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration sociale. Le nombre d\u2019enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s dans le territoire est\nestim\u00e9 \u00e0 300-400 enfants fin 2013.\n\n\nLe territoire est \u00e9galement affect\u00e9 par l\u2019exploitation des enfants, notamment par les \u00e9leveurs.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**WALIKALE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Types de mouvements de population 16|Nb
individus|\n|---|---|\n|**Nouveaux**
**mouvements**
**de**
**d\u00e9plac\u00e9s**
**en**
**2013 (janv-nov)**|147 605|\n|**Nouveaux mouvements de retour en 2013**
**(janv-nov)**|1630|\n\n\n\nAvec un total de 6652 cas de violations de droits humains enregistr\u00e9s en 2013, le Walikale est au 3eme rang\ndes territoires les plus touch\u00e9s de la province. Le chiffre des mouvements de d\u00e9placement dans le territoire, le\nplus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de la province, confirme \u00e9galement un niveau de violence consid\u00e9rable.\n\n\nLa part des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les auteurs des incidents de protection est la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de la province, avec\nle Rutshuru, indiquant une faible pr\u00e9sence des institutions \u00e9tatiques de protection dans ce territoire, \u00e0\nl\u2019exception de Walikale centre. Le nombre de cas de recrutement forc\u00e9 dans le territoire (111) est le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9 dans la province.\n\n\nLa zone de Pinga, dans le nord-est du territoire, est rest\u00e9e sous le contr\u00f4le du groupe arm\u00e9 NDC, aussi appel\u00e9\nMai Mai Cheka, du nom de leur leader, jusqu\u2019en novembre 2013. Les NDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s de la localit\u00e9 de\nPinga avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des FARDC appuy\u00e9es par la MONUSCO. Mais les NDC ont gard\u00e9 le contr\u00f4le les alentours de\nPinga, ainsi qu\u2019une bonne partie de l\u2019axe de Pinga-Kibua, en direction de Walikale centre. La brutalit\u00e9 des NDC\ncontre la population civile, les affrontements continus entre les NDC et les APCLS, alli\u00e9s aux FDLR et des\n\n16\nChiffres Commission de Mouvements de Populations Nord Kivu\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "groupes Nyatura, ont conduit \u00e0 de graves exactions commises contre la population civile, notamment des\nmeurtres et des enl\u00e8vements. Suite au retour progressif des militaires FARDC et du renforcement de la\npr\u00e9sence de la MONUSCO \u00e0 Pinga, une accalmie relative a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e vers la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Cette accalmie\nest \u00e0 la base de mouvements de retour limit\u00e9s signal\u00e9s dans la zone.\n\n\nLes Raia Mutomboki ont continu\u00e9 d\u2019exercer une forte pression sur les populations sur les axes WalikaleBukavu et Walikale-Masisi. Les tensions entre factions Raia Mutomboki, ou entre Raia Mutomboki et les Mai\nMai Kifuafufa, notamment sur le partage des ressources, le contr\u00f4le des axes et des march\u00e9s, ou le choix de\nl\u2019int\u00e9gration dans les FARDC, ont provoqu\u00e9 de fr\u00e9quents affrontements arm\u00e9s. Ces affrontements ont donn\u00e9\nlieu \u00e0 des violences graves contre les civils, notamment des violences sexuelles, des destructions de villages, et\nforc\u00e9 les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre la fuite r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vers les bases MONUSCO de Hombo ou Otora, ou\ndans la for\u00eat.\n\n\nSous la pression des acteurs traditionnels et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, certains groupes Raia Mutobomki et les Mai\nMai Kifuafua ont sign\u00e9 un \u00ab Acte d\u2019engagement et de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00bb en ao\u00fbt 2013 devant mettre fin aux actes de\nviolence entre eux et au recrutement. Suite \u00e0 une campagne de d\u00e9sengagement des jeunes au sein des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale au cours du dernier trimestre, plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s de Walikale se sont dits pr\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9poser les armes et int\u00e9grer soit l\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale ou la vie\ncivile. Un important mouvement des Raia Mutomboki venu d\u2019Isangi et Shabunda (Sud Kivu) ont rejoint ceux de\nMusenge et d\u2019Otobora dans le but de rencontrer les autorit\u00e9s du territoire. Cependant, faute d\u2019une prise en\ncharge dans la zone de leur cantonnement volontaire (groupement Bakano), les combattants sont retournes\nen brousse, en commettant de nombreuses extorsions, y compris des vols de biens, coups et mauvais\ntraitements et violences sexuelles.\n\n\nDans les zones que les groupes arm\u00e9s ont pu maintenir sous leur contr\u00f4le sans rencontrer de concurrence de\nla part d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s, les populations locales ont pu n\u00e9gocier une cohabitation relativement\npacifique, par exemple dans la zone de Ntoto, contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par les Raia Motomboki. Mais des syst\u00e8mes de\ntaxation sont mis en place par les groupes arm\u00e9s, y compris dans les carri\u00e8res de minerais. De nombreuses\nbarri\u00e8res de taxation ill\u00e9gales tenues par les FARDC ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es, notamment sur les axes\nmenant aux sites miniers.\n\n\n**Violences sexuelles**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Cas rapport\u00e9s
(Composantes
Donn\u00e9es/Cartographie, Strat\u00e9gie
nationale de lutte contre les VS)|Cas Protection Monitoring HCR|Cas de violences sexuelles pris en
charge
(Division Provinciale de la Sant\u00e9)|\n|---|---|---|\n|358|591|1278|\n\n\nLe Walikale arrive en deuxi\u00e8me position en ce qui concerne le nombre de cas de violence sexuelle rapport\u00e9s\ndans la province par le monitoring protection du HCR, soit 591 cas (20.4%). Le taux d\u2019acc\u00e8s des survivantes \u00e0 la\nprise en charge dans les 72 heures est un de plus bas de la province (50 pourcent), y compris pour les\nsurvivante mineures (21 pourcent). Dans ces conditions, il est vraisemblable que les violences sexuelles soient\nsous-rapport\u00e9es. 65 pourcent des violences sexuelles sont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Protection de l\u2019enfant**\n\n454 cas de violations de droits humains dans le territoire ont eu pour des enfants pour victimes. Les violences\nsexuelles repr\u00e9sentent 56 pourcent de ces violations. 57 cas de recrutement force d\u2019enfants ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s, soit plus de la moiti\u00e9 des cas de recrutement forc\u00e9s dans le territoire. Selon le groupe de travail\nProtection de l\u2019Enfant, 331 enfants sortis des groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge et r\u00e9unifi\u00e9s en 2013 dans le\nterritoire. Le nombre d\u2019enfants encore associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s dans le territoire est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 1500-2000\nenfants, faisant du Walikale le territoire le plus touch\u00e9 par le recrutement des enfants dans la province. De\nnombreux enfants recrut\u00e9s par les groupes arm\u00e9s sont exploit\u00e9s dans les mines du territoire.\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248e3992-07eb-36c3-9cee-16a94e0ddb63/Rapport%20Annuel%202013%20-%20UNHCR%20PMS-%20Cluster%20Protection%20%282%29_07072014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_593/raw/doc_593_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_593/raw/doc_593_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 31e10fdd3c978ef285201aabd1a19c7c5e3f0edc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_593/raw/doc_593_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Bamako, 15 Juillet 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n**\u2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/51da8537-f036-4b7a-8536-9081961c0f54/Rapport%20de%20l%27Atelier%20National%20pour%20l%27Harmonisation%20des%20Kits%20ABNA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_594/raw/doc_594_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_594/raw/doc_594_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7a5f7c7798d5ec0235a181797dad54c2210cc92d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_594/raw/doc_594_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2,855** demandeuurs d\u2019asile\n\ndont 1,753 au Nord et 1,102\ndans la Boucle de Mouhoun\n\n\n**79,619** d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\n\ndans les deux r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**73** Personnes \u00e0 besoins\n\nsp\u00e9cifiques soutenues en\nCASH dans les 2 r\u00e9gions\n\n\n**50** Personnes form\u00e9s\n\nsur la protection\n\n\n**140** Personnes\n\nsensibilis\u00e9es sur la COVID-19\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois d'Avril 2020, la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans la r\u00e9gion du\nnord s'est beaucoup d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e avec des attaques, des enl\u00e8vements\nde leaders communautaires, des incendies de greniers et de nombreux d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations. 18 incidents de protection\net violation des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. La province du\nLoroum reste particuli\u00e8rement la plus affect\u00e9e de la r\u00e9gion. On y\nremarque une recrudescence des mouvements forc\u00e9s de populations\n\u00e0 la suite des menaces, des intimidations, des exactions et actes de\nvandalisme des Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s (GANI).\nA l\u2019\u00e9chelle communale, Banh, Soll\u00e9, et Ouindigui dans le Loroum ;\nThiou, Kain et Koumbri dans le Yatenga sont les communes les plus\ntouch\u00e9es. Dans ces communes, malgr\u00e9 le renfort et la mobilisation\ndes \u00ab volontaires pour la d\u00e9fense de la patrie \u00bb pour soutenir les\nForces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS), les communaut\u00e9s continuent\nde subir impuissamment les cons\u00e9quences des attaques des GANI.\nLa commune de Ouindigui reste marqu\u00e9e par une activit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s accrue\ndes GANI qui ont fait de la for\u00eat de Rambaw (au sein de la commune\nde Ouindigui) presqu\u2019une base \u00e0 partir de laquelle ils commettent leurs\nattaques. M\u00eame Ouahigouya, o\u00f9 la situation semble plus stable, a\nconnu au cours de ce mois des enl\u00e8vements de personnes suivis de\nleur ex\u00e9cution. Selon des sources locales, il s\u2019agirait de leaders communautaires de la commune de Banh qui se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Ouahigouya suite des menaces et des intimidations dont ils seraient objet\n\u00e0 Banh.\nLa d\u00e9gradation du contexte s\u00e9curitaire a fait \u00e9voluer le nombre de PDI\nqui a atteint le chiffre de 70 731 dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. les demandeurs d'asile sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 2855 peronnes. Ils sont constitu\u00e9s\nessentiellement de maliens ayant fui les attaques des GANI du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de\nKoro.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "D\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la situation de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun n\u2019a pas connu\nde changement remarquable li\u00e9 au contexte s\u00e9curitaire m\u00eame si certaines attaques ont cibl\u00e9 des positions\ndes Forces de D\u00e9fense et S\u00e9curit\u00e9 au cours du mois d\u2019avril 2020.De toutes les provinces de la R\u00e9gion celle\ndu Sourou est la plus affect\u00e9e par la situation s\u00e9curitaire. 4 incidents de protection et de violation de droits\nhumains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s.\nDes mouvements de populations pr\u00e9ventifs sont constat\u00e9s des localit\u00e9s touch\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 vers des\nlocalit\u00e9s jug\u00e9es plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9es. Ainsi, 1 714 personnes des villages de Nokuy et de Zonakuy dans la province de la Kossi ont migr\u00e9 dans la ville D\u00e9dougou o\u00fb ils vivent dans des familles d\u2019accueil et dans des maisons en location. Au niveau du Sourou, les mouvements de population sont constat\u00e9s de Di, Toeni, Kassoum, Gomboro vers la ville de Tougan, soit un total estim\u00e9e \u00e0 213 personnes.\nOutre le contexte s\u00e9curitaire, quelques cas de malades (03 cas \u00e0 la fin avril) de la COVID-19 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 diagnostiqu\u00e9s dans la ville de D\u00e9dougou. L\u2019application des mesures restrictives (mise en quarantaine de la ville\nle 01 avril) y aff\u00e9rentes prises par les autorit\u00e9s ont eu des cons\u00e9quences sur le plan social, \u00e9conomique et\npsychologique, selon les informateurs cl\u00e9s sur la question.\nSur le plan psychosocial, la pand\u00e9mie a provoqu\u00e9 un stress au niveau de la population partag\u00e9e entre la\nn\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de poursuivre les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et la peur d\u2019\u00eatre infect\u00e9. Les habitudes sociales\nmarqu\u00e9es par des valeurs d\u2019entraide sociale, de solidarit\u00e9, de contact social direct, d\u2019\u00e9change, de visites aux\nmalades, de visites fraternelles etc. ont subi les effets des mesures barri\u00e8res de distanciation et de confinement. Sur le plan \u00e9conomique, l\u2019arr\u00eat des \u00e9changes commerciaux entre D\u00e9dougou en quarantaine et les\nautres localit\u00e9s environnantes a provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie, a rendu difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nproduits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9coulement des produits, selon les commer\u00e7ants sond\u00e9s sur la question\nlors du monitoring de protection.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les incidents s\u00e9curitaires se sont multipli\u00e9s \u00e0 nouveau au cours de ce mois. En effet, d\u00e8s le 30 mars 2020\n(incident non pris en compte par le rapport de mars), un enl\u00e8vement de deux (02) jeunes leaders du village\nde Bidi dans la commune de Koumbri par des Hommes Arm\u00e9s Non Identifi\u00e9s (HANI) a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9. Fort heureusement, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s deux semaines plus tard. Le 1er avril 2020, les HANI ont enlev\u00e9 et ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 03\nleaders communautaires de la commune de Soll\u00e9 qui avaient trouv\u00e9 refuge \u00e0 Ouahigouya (ils avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\nenlev\u00e9s la veille de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le 30 Mars 2020). Des affrontements entre GANI et KOGLEWEOGO ont eu lieu dans la commune de Ouindigui, \u00e0 Robolo, Ouatigu\u00e9 et ont occasionn\u00e9 02 pertes en vies\nhumaines et des bless\u00e9s. Un autre affrontement entre GANI et KOGLEWEOGO s'est aussi produit dans la\ncommune de Banh sur l'axe Koumbri.\nLe 9 Avril 2020, la base militaire de Soll\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9e faisant 05 militaires tu\u00e9s, 04 bless\u00e9s et de nombreux\nd\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels. Le 14 Avril \u00e0 Gomni, dans la commune de Banh, l'explosion d'une (01) mine artisanale au\npassage d'une charrette a fait un bless\u00e9 (un gar\u00e7on de 16 ans) et des GANI ont incendi\u00e9 des greniers de ce\nm\u00eame village le m\u00eame jour.\nVraisemblablement, les PDIs de Titao et Soll\u00e9 sont actuellement entre le marteau et l'enclume. En effet, la\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire des zones d\u2019accueil pr\u00e9sente de plus en plus les m\u00eames caract\u00e9ristiques que celles de\nd\u00e9part, marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Au niveau de la commune de Ouindigui, on assiste \u00e0 une r\u00e9sistance des\nvolontaires pour la d\u00e9fense de la patrie et autres groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense comme les KOGLEWEOGO.\n\n\n\n**R\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun :**\nDans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, la situation est moins critique que celle du nord. Cependant des\nincidents s\u00e9curitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au cours du mois d\u2019Avril qui ont cibl\u00e9 principalement les FDS. Le 04\navril une mission de ravitaillement du poste de la gendarmerie de To\u00e9ni a saut\u00e9 sur une IED. Cet incident a\ncaus\u00e9 la mort de 3 morts et la blessure de 7 personnes.\nDes hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s (HANI) venus de la zone frontali\u00e8re avec Mali ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une tentative\nd'attaque a Kombori. L\u2019attaque a \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9e par les groupes d'autod\u00e9fense. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence\ndes HANI dans le SOUROU organisant des s\u00e9ances de pr\u00eache sur la religion et l\u2019engagement dans le \u00ab\ndjihad \u00bb.\nDes corps sans vie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 de Gomboro, selon les \u00e9changes avec des sources\nlocales, il s\u2019agirait de victimes d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires.\n\n###### **INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION DANS LES ZONES SOUS COUVERTURE**\n\nGraphiques des victimes et m\u00e9nages touch\u00e9s par les incidents\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au cours du mois d\u2019avril 2020, nous avons enregistr\u00e9 76 victimes directes d\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\nCes victimes ont vu leurs greniers incendi\u00e9s par des hommes arm\u00e9s avec pour cons\u00e9quence l\u2019atteinte au\nmoyens d\u2019existence ayant conduit \u00e0 une situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nproduits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 est devenu un luxe, notamment \u00e0 Banh, Ouindigui, Solle, Thiou, Barga dans\nle Nord ; To\u00e9ni et Gomboro dans la Boucle du Mouhoun.\nLa deuxi\u00e8me typologie ayant fait le plus de victimes est l\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 incluant la libert\u00e9 de\nmouvement, de parole, de religion etc. Le monitoring de protection a pu enregistrer 31 victimes directes. Il\ns\u2019agit de personnes intimid\u00e9es, menac\u00e9es ou oblig\u00e9es \u00e0 participer \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s contre leur gr\u00e9 par des\nindividus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s. Ici aussi, il s\u2019agit de 31 victimes directes enregistr\u00e9es sans quoi toute la population en est victime car les axes routiers sont presque impraticables \u00e0 cause des IED et des braquages\netc. (voir tableau des incidents)\n\n\nL\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la vie et l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique arrivent en troisi\u00e8me position avec le m\u00eame\nnombre de survivants (16). Pour la premi\u00e8re, il s\u2019agit de personnes civiles tu\u00e9es ou enlev\u00e9es puis assassin\u00e9es ou objet d\u2019exactions sommaires. Il y a aussi des corps sans vie que l\u2019on retrouve souvent, mais\n\u00e9galement des personnes qui ont perdu la vie par dommage collat\u00e9ral \u00e0 la suite d\u2019affrontement entre HANI\net groupe d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense. La deuxi\u00e8me correspond \u00e0 des personnes bless\u00e9es physiquement suite \u00e0 une\nexplosion d\u2019IED, de personnes tortur\u00e9es lors d\u2019enl\u00e8vements ou de personnes violent\u00e9es physiquement\nparce qu\u2019elles n\u2019ont pas voulu participer \u00e0 un pr\u00eache.\n\n\nLa typologie qui vient en derni\u00e8re position avec 15 victimes directes porte sur les violences sexuelles et\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre. En effet, plus le monitoring de protection prend encrage dans les localit\u00e9s\nd\u2019intervention, plus les femmes et les filles arrivent \u00e0 surmonter les pesanteurs socioculturelles qui les\nd\u00e9motivent \u00e0 parler et chercher de l\u2019aide. Parmi les 15 cas, on d\u00e9nombre un cas de viol et 14 cas de\nfilles/\u00e9l\u00e8ves (PDIs) en \u00e9tat de grossesse ind\u00e9sir\u00e9e en milieu scolaire qui se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 Ouahigouya\npour pouvoir poursuivre leurs \u00e9tudes. Elles vivent dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires qui les exposent davantage \u00e0 d\u2019autres types de VBG. Pour le cas de viol, des services holistiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9s pour assister\nla survivante. Le dernier suivi fait \u00e9tat d\u2019une am\u00e9lioration de sa situation psychologique et \u00e9motionnelle mais\nn\u2019a pas encore repris son activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique (vente de boisson locale \u2013 bisap).\n\n\nLa quasi-totalit\u00e9 des Incidents rapport\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fait par les GANI hormis le cas du viol qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis\ndans le sph\u00e8re familial et/ou communautaires au sein des PDIs et /ou de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te.\n\n###### **PROBLEMES SPECIFIQUES DE CERTAINS GROUPES A RISQUE**\n\nUne analyse comparative approfondie et objective du profil ethnique des victimes laisse apparaitre la communaut\u00e9 Peulhe comme une communaut\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9e par les incidents durant le mois d\u2019avril\n2020. Apres v\u00e9rification, deux des quatre corps retrouv\u00e9s sans vie dans la Boucle du Mouhoun seraient de\nla communaut\u00e9 Peulh. D\u2019autres sources locales de la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion nous renseignent que quatre autres\ncorps sans vie qui seraient de la communaut\u00e9 Peulhe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s le 15 avril 2020. Dans la localit\u00e9 de\nPetessiro (commune de Thiou, province du Yatenga, r\u00e9gion du nord), apr\u00e8s l\u2019assassinat de deux leaders\nPeulhs, tout le village se serait d\u00e9plac\u00e9 a Thiou-centre \u2013 soit une estimation de 2 000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nNotons que cette tendance est beaucoup plus visible dans les localit\u00e9s recul\u00e9es/p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques et touche\ndes groupes de personnes n\u2019ayant aucune instruction ou \u00e9ducation scolaire.\nDans la r\u00e9gion du Nord, \u00e0 Ouahigouya, sur la route de Youba, dans la perspective du retour des PDIs\nvenues de la commune de Barga, une ERP a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e qui leur a permis de pr\u00e9ciser que leur intention\nde retour est li\u00e9e d\u2019une part \u00e0 la s\u00e9curisation des zones de retour et l'instauration d'un dialogue inclusif qui\nest gage de l\u2019assurance d'un processus de retour de l\u2019entente et d\u2019autre part \u00e0 la poursuite de l'assistance\ndans les zones de retour.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **ZONES COUVERTES DANS LA PERIODE SOUS RAPPORT**\n\nDans la r\u00e9gion du Nord, les activit\u00e9s de monitoring se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9es dans les localit\u00e9s de : Ouindigui,\nBarga, site Route de Youba, site la Ferme et les quartiers p\u00e9riurbains de Ouahigouya (Tamsin, Gourga,\nTougzagu\u00e9, Saye et Lilgomd\u00e9). La commune de Banh et l\u2019ensemble de ses villages, la commune de Soll\u00e9\net ses villages environnants, la commune de Ouindigui avec les villages comme Sirfou, Toolo, Hitt\u00e9 dans la\nr\u00e9gion du Nord sont des zones \u00e0 haut risque s\u00e9curitaire o\u00f9 la fr\u00e9quence des incidents est \u00e9lev\u00e9e et les\nbesoins humanitaires accrus. La for\u00eat de Rambow (commune de Ouindigui/province du Loroum/R\u00e9gion du\nNord) demeure encore le gite o\u00f9 se cachent les G.A.N.I qui menacent ou tuent toute personne qu\u2019ils\naper\u00e7oivent. De l\u00e0, ils font des incursions dans certains villages pour spolier les habitants de leur b\u00e9tail ou\npour se ravitailler en vivres.\nDans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, les localit\u00e9s couvertes par le monitoring de protection pendant le\nmois d\u2019avril sont Bourasso, Madouba, Djibasso, Bomborokuy et Nouna dans la province de la Kossi et Di,\nLanfi\u00e8ra, Lankou\u00e9, Kiembara, Tougan, Kassoum dans la province du Sourou. Les communes \u00e0 risques\nsont situ\u00e9es dans la zone frontali\u00e8res avec le Mali. Il s\u2019agit de Kombori, Bourasso dans la Kossi et To\u00e9ni et\nGomboro au Sourou. Les populations de ces localit\u00e9s sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 plusieurs types de violations de\ndroits humains.\n\n###### **CARACTERISTIQUES DES MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATION**\n\nLes caract\u00e9ristiques de mouvements de populations sont les m\u00eames que le mois de mars 2020. Les motifs\ndes mouvements sont soit \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif ou \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une attaque. Sur cette question, les PDIs rencontr\u00e9es ont \u00e9voqu\u00e9 lors des focus groups les raisons suivantes : \u00ab les affrontements, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e,\nles violations des droits de l\u2019homme, le manque de libert\u00e9 de mouvement, les habitats d\u00e9truits, les greniers\nincendi\u00e9s, les raisons \u00e9conomiques ainsi que la pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s. \u00bb\nDans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, au cours du mois d\u2019avril 2020, le nombre de personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e\nest estim\u00e9 \u00e0 8.888 (dont 4676 hommes et 4212 femmes) contre 9.000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en mars 2020.\nCes chiffres ont connu une baisse par rapport au mois de mars 2020 car 112 personnes sont retourn\u00e9es\ndans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine. Ces retours volontaires sont justifi\u00e9s par l\u2019accalmie relative qui r\u00e8gne dans la\nprovince mais aussi par d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels le manque de terre cultivable, l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique difficile dans la zone d\u2019accueil, les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux abris.\nLa d\u00e9gradation du contexte s\u00e9curitaire a fait \u00e9voluer le nombre de PDI dans la r\u00e9gion du nord qui a atteint\nle chiffre de 70 731 au mois d\u2019avril soit une augmentation de 2 000 nouvelles PDIs. En ce qui concerne les\ndemandeurs d\u2019asile, ils sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 2855 personnes, constitu\u00e9es essentiellement de Maliens ayant fui\nles attaques des GANI du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Koro.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "avanc\u00e9es, le poids de la culture et la peur d\u2019exclusion sociale des cas constituent encore un obstacle quant \u00e0\nleur l\u2019identification. Notons que le d\u00e9ni de ressources est fr\u00e9quent au sein des diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s\ntouch\u00e9es par les focus group de discussions (FGD). Sur les questions de VBG, les femmes disent n\u2019avoir pas\ntoujours suffisamment l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9cout\u00e9es malgr\u00e9 les efforts de certaines ONG telles que DRC, TDH\net INTERSOS qui interviennent dans ces m\u00eames r\u00e9gions. Cela peut se justifier par le fait qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas encore\nde centre o\u00f9 les femmes peuvent se retrouver pour \u00e9changer entre elles et sur leurs probl\u00e8mes.\nNous ne le dirons jamais assez, les conditions de logement sur les diff\u00e9rents sites d\u2019accueil exposent les\nfemmes aux violences sexuelles. Ce constat est valable aussi bien dans les sites d\u2019accueil temporaires que\ndans les familles d\u2019accueil ou autres maisons d\u2019emprunt ou lou\u00e9es. En effet, un site d\u2019accueil comme celui de\n\u00ab route de Youba \u00bb, au regard de son \u00e9tendue, sans le moindre \u00e9clairage, pr\u00e9sente des risques pour les\nfemmes surtout la nuit. M\u00eame s\u2019il n\u2019est pas li\u00e9 \u00e0 cet \u00e9tat de fait, un cas de viol nous a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du\nsite route de Youba. Cependant, pendant que la voie de la justice moderne avait \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie par la famille de\nla victime, les parents de l\u2019auteur, eux, ont jug\u00e9 bon d\u2019opter pour une voie traditionnelle de r\u00e8glement du\nprobl\u00e8me. En effet, au regard du pouvoir d\u00e9tenu par les forgerons en mati\u00e8re de m\u00e9diation et de pacification\ndes relations, le chef-forgeron de la localit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 contribution. Mais, alors que famille de l\u2019auteur du viol\n\npartout. A titre illustratif, les donn\u00e9es de 04 lyc\u00e9es et coll\u00e8ges de Ouahigouya et Oula ont montr\u00e9 23 cas de\ngrossesses ind\u00e9sir\u00e9es en milieu scolaire \u00e0 la date du 12 mars 2020. Parmi ces cas, on compte 14 \u00e9l\u00e8ves PDIs\nvivant en location ou dans des familles d\u2019accueil. M\u00eame si l\u2019\u00e9chantillon n\u2019est pas assez repr\u00e9sentatif, il para\u00eet\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 suffisant pour constituer une sorte d\u2019alerte. INTERSOS a montr\u00e9 la voie en remettant une assistance en\ncash \u00e0 cette \u00e9l\u00e8ve PDI qui livre son t\u00e9moignage dans la colonne ci-contre (T\u00e9moignage \u00e9l\u00e8ve PDI en location\nau secteur 1 assist\u00e9e). A cette assistance s\u2019ajoute le soutien psychosocial, les sensibilisations sur les MST\netc.\n##### **IV. PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\n\nQu\u2019ils soient issus de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te, des PDIs ou des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les enfants dans les localit\u00e9s couvertes\npar le monitoring font face \u00e0 un stress psychologique d\u00fb au manque d\u2019activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives et aux sc\u00e8nes de\nviolence dont ils sont t\u00e9moins le plus souvent dans leur localit\u00e9. Cette probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019enfance touche les\ndeux r\u00e9gions. Si dans les localit\u00e9s urbaines les \u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es \u00e0 la mi-mars 2020 \u00e0 cause du COVID-19, dans les localit\u00e9s couvertes par le monitoring, les \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es depuis novembre 2020 car les\nenseignants intimid\u00e9s et menac\u00e9s ont fini par quitter la localit\u00e9, les \u00e9coles incendi\u00e9s (partiellement) par des\nmembres de groupe arm\u00e9 non identifi\u00e9s. Et depuis lors, les enfants de ces localit\u00e9s sont priv\u00e9s de leur droit\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Il en est de m\u00eame pour les enfants dont les parents se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les zones relativement stables, \u00e0 cause de la faible capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil des \u00e9tablissements et le manque de moyens financiers\npour payer les frais de scolarit\u00e9. Cette probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019enfance touche \u00e9galement les deux r\u00e9gions.\nBien que peu mis en exergue dans les zones d\u2019intervention, la s\u00e9paration familiale est un probl\u00e8me de\nprotection de l\u2019enfance r\u00e9el au Nord et dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. Lors des FGD, les populations\nsoulignent la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et d\u2019enfants non accompagn\u00e9s. Cependant, pour traiter ce\nprobl\u00e8me de fa\u00e7on appropri\u00e9e, il faut un programme d\u2019IDTR complet qui permettra de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des acteurs sur cette probl\u00e9matique de s\u00e9paration familiale et de mettre en place des outils appropri\u00e9s\net un syst\u00e8me d\u2019identification de documentation, de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et de prise en charge holistiques des cas\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\nLes probl\u00e8mes sp\u00e9cifiques de protection rencontr\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord et dans la Boucle du Mouhoun concernent les femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nages dont les maris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s lors des attaques, les orphelins, les enfants en situation de handicap, les enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es malades. Il y a\naussi les victimes de Restes Explosifs de Guerre ou d\u2019Engin Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s, le cas de jeunes filles\nenceintes ou allaitantes sans soutien familial. A ces groupes s\u2019associent les malades chroniques, les\nminorit\u00e9s ethniques, et les enfants chefs de famille.\n\n\n_T\u00e9moignage d\u2019une PBS_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **V. LOGEMENT, TERRE ET BIENS**\n###### **SITUATION DE LTB DANS LA ZONE DE DEPLACEMENT ET DE RETOUR**\n\n**Situation dans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun :**\nLa majeure partie des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au logement, \u00e0 la terre et aux biens naissent des conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs, selon nos interview\u00e9s durant le mois d\u2019avril 2020. Les PDIs sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 un\nacc\u00e8s difficile voire impossible aux terres pour l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage. Cela se justifie par le fait qu\u2019elles\nsont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des agriculteurs et ou des \u00e9leveurs et durant leur d\u00e9placement, certaines se sont\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord, 40 membres des dix comit\u00e9s de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur leurs r\u00f4les et\nresponsabilit\u00e9s, avec pour objectifs de contribuer \u00e0 la veille citoyenne par des alertes sur les diff\u00e9rents\nincidents (s\u00e9curitaires, protection et violations des droits humains) et aussi de participer \u00e0 la mobilisation\nsociale en vue des actions communautaires du projet (identification de PBS, enregistrement de plaintes\n\n\n**Situation dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord :**\nLe site route de Youba s'agrandit avec l'accroissement du nombre d\u2019abris install\u00e9s au cours de cette\nsemaine du 20 Avril 2020, augmentant l\u2019\u00e9tendue du site. Si les propri\u00e9taires terriens ont ent\u00e9rin\u00e9 l'installation du site, ils n'ont pas au pr\u00e9alable mesur\u00e9 la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019occupation de leurs terres. Et comme l'hivernage approche \u00e0 grands pas, ces derniers se plaignent de l'occupation de leurs champs qui permettaient\nde nourrir plus de 600 personnes \u00e0 leurs charges.\nQuant aux parcelles non loties vendues \u00e7\u00e0 et l\u00e0 dans la ville de Ouahigouya, il nous est racont\u00e9 lors des\nentretiens des probl\u00e8mes, tensions et des conflits familiaux sur la vente des espaces. Quelques fois, un\nm\u00eame terrain est vendu, puis revendu, laissant les diff\u00e9rents acqu\u00e9reurs se disputer \u00e0 leurs risques et\np\u00e9rils.\nLa particularit\u00e9 aussi est que depuis l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des PDIs, il y a eu inflation des co\u00fbts des loyers et des\nterrains non lotis. Certains bailleurs, estimant que les PDIs re\u00e7oivent de l'aide, augmentent le loyer. Aujourd\u2019hui, d\u2019autres bailleurs ont mis des PDIs dehors pour arri\u00e9r\u00e9s de loyers. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Thiou, le probl\u00e8me\nde logement des PDIs se manifeste autrement. A la suite de la multiplication des menaces dans les villages, certains propri\u00e9taires de maisons devenus eux-m\u00eames PDIs ou ayant des parents d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, r\u00e9clament leurs toits pour se loger ou h\u00e9berger les leurs ; du coup, certaines PDIs sont somm\u00e9es de lib\u00e9rer les\nmaisons lou\u00e9es ou emprunt\u00e9es. La gestion du b\u00e9tail sur les sites d\u2019accueil reste encore un autre\ncasse-t\u00eate. Le p\u00e2turage manque alors que les tourteaux ne sont pas \u00e0 la port\u00e9e des PDIs.\n\n\n**ETAT DE DROIT**\nDans certaines communes de la province de la Kossi on d\u00e9plore malheureusement une faible pr\u00e9sence\ndes FDS : il s\u2019agit de la commune de Bourasso, Bomborokuy, Kombori. Au mois d\u2019avril 2020 nous d\u00e9nombrons au total 39 \u00e9coles de la province de la Kossi ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es suite aux attaques. Dans le Sourou\nc\u2019est au total 129 \u00e9coles qui ont vu leurs portes se fermer. Les services administratifs tels les Mairies et\nles pr\u00e9fectures sont \u00e9galement ferm\u00e9s \u00e0 certains niveaux. C\u2019est le cas de Gomboro, Kassoum, et To\u00e9ni\ndans le Sourou. Les PDI averties sont contraintes d\u2019effectuer des distances pour rentrer en possession\nde certains documents malgr\u00e9 le risque qu\u2019elles pourraient encourir sur les routes.\nC\u2019est le m\u00eame constat dans la r\u00e9gion du nord particuli\u00e8rement dans la province du Loroum (Solle, Banh,\nOuindigui) et une partie de celle du Yatenga (Barga, Thiou et Seguenega).\n\n##### **VI. PROTECTION A BASE COMMUNAUTAIRE**\n\n**COMITES DE PROTECTION**\nDans la r\u00e9gion de la Boucle du Mouhoun, 40 membres de comit\u00e9s de protection et 10 Points Focaux ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur leurs r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s, les notions \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires du monitoring de protection et les\nmesures barri\u00e8res du COVID-19.\nAu niveau de la r\u00e9gion du nord, une rencontre bilan avec les points focaux et les membres des comit\u00e9s\nde protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 tenue au cours du mois d\u2019avril 2020. En plus des \u00e9changes sur le travail communautaire, les Moniteurs ont tenu \u00e0 les f\u00e9liciter pour leur contribution dans la surveillance et la collecte de donn\u00e9es par des alertes sur les diff\u00e9rents incidents (s\u00e9curitaires, protection/violations des droits humains) ; et\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SENSIBILISATIONS SUR LE COVID-19 :**\n24 s\u00e9ances de sensibilisations sur les mesures barri\u00e8res du COVID-19 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tenues soit 9 s\u00e9ances\ndans la Boucle du Mouhoun et 15 s\u00e9ances dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. Chaque s\u00e9ance de sensibilisation a\nregroup\u00e9 6 personnes, toute pr\u00e9vue dans la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019adaptation des activit\u00e9s de protection du COVID-19. Au total 140 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es sur les COVID-19 dont 50 dans la Boucle du Mouhoun\net 90 dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. Les sensibilisations sont faites \u00e0 l\u2019aide de d\u00e9pliants avec des images sur les\npratiques \u00e0 faire et \u00e0 ne pas faire. Il faut noter que les personnes sensibilis\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 outill\u00e9es \u00e0 pouvoir\nmener \u00e0 leur tour d\u2019autres sensibilisations tout en respectant les consignes de 6 personnes par s\u00e9ance\nde sensibilisation\n\n##### **VII. SYSTEME DE PARTAGE D\u2019INFORMATION ET COORDINATION**\n\n\nIl faut dire que la collaboration avec les autres partenaires dans la zone de couverture est fort appr\u00e9ciable\nque ce soit dans la Boucle du Mouhoun ou dans la r\u00e9gion du Nord. INTERSOS participe \u00e0 toutes les\nrencontres aussi bien du groupe des acteurs humanitaires que de celles du groupe sectoriel de protection\net apporte sa contribution sur le plan strat\u00e9gique, technique et financier.\n\n## 8 Avril 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **VIII. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS DE SUIVI**\n###### **ACTIONS REQUISES DU HCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MAINES ACTIONS OBSERVATIONS|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|ABRIS|Appui \u00e0 la locaton, en mat\u00e9riaux de constructon et installaton de
RHU sur certains sites d\u2019accueil|Il s\u2019agit de plani\ufb01er pour
1 200 m\u00e9nages|\n|LBT|Pour l\u2019ensemble des 79 619 PDIs et des 8 126 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s maliens|RAS|\n|VIVRES|Mobilisaton des acteurs du secteur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et
nutritonnelle pour un appui d\u2019urgence en vivres \u00e0 Banh, Soll\u00e9,
Ouindigui, Thiou et Kain|Banh, Soll\u00e9, Ouindigui,
Thiou et Kain|\n\n\n###### **PROTECTION TRANSVERSALE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nen eau (forages modernes, puits \u00e0 grands\ndiam\u00e8tres)\n2. Impliquer les populations dans la r\u00e9alisation\nd\u2019infrastructures Wash (latrines, lave-mains\netc.)\n\n\n\n\n\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9e des \u00e9coles\n2. Plaidoyer au niveau des Directions r\u00e9gionales et\nprovinciales en charge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour un\nacc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\n3. Soutenir les jeunes filles m\u00e8res et enceintes\n4. Sensibilisation des filles et des gar\u00e7ons sur\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation sexuelle\n5. Cr\u00e9er des \u00e9coles temporaires en situation\n\n\n\nd'urgence, des EAE ou des centres \u00e0 passerelle\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SECURITE, MINES,
ALPC, REG|R\u00e9gion du Nord :
Banh, Soll\u00e9, Ouindigui et
Kain|Sentmi ent d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9|\n|---|---|---|\n|EDUCATION|R\u00e9gion du Nord : Titao,
Ouahigouya, Tangaye,
Barga, Thiou, Kain,
Koumbri, Banh, Soll\u00e9 et
Ouindigui
B. du Mouhoun : D\u00ee,
Bourasso, Gomboro,
Lan\ufb01\u00e8ra, To\u00e9ni, Lankou\u00e9|Fermetures des \u00e9coles,
D\u00e9scolarisaton des
enfants, D\u00e9part des
enseignants de ces
localit\u00e9s, Faible capacit\u00e9
d\u2019accueil des
\u00e9tablissements des zones
d\u2019accueil, Manque de
moyens \ufb01nanciers pour
payer les frais de scolarit\u00e9|\n|SANTE|B. du Mouhoun :
Kiembara,
Nouna,Gomboro,
Kassoum, To\u00e9ni
R\u00e9gion du Nord :
Ouahigouya, Titao,
Banh, Soll\u00e9, Ouindigui,
Koumbri et Kain|Menace COVID-19 ;
Insu\ufb03sance voire absence
de soins de sant\u00e9 due au
d\u00e9part des agents de
sant\u00e9 de certaines
localit\u00e9s.|\n|ACCES A L\u2019EAU
POTABLE ET
INFRASTRUCTURE
D\u2019ASSAINISSEMENT
|Ouahigouya
Tougzagu\u00e9
Tamsin
Saye
Lilgomd\u00e9
Bomborokuy|Les deux r\u00e9gions font face
\u00e0 une insu\ufb03sance des
ressources en eau
potable. De ce fait, l\u2019acc\u00e8s
\u00e0 l\u2019eau est tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 sur
les sites d\u2019accueil, idem
pour les toiletes. Les PDIs
tout sexe confondu
d\u00e9f\u00e8quent \u00e0 l\u2019air libre,|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|CLUSTER LOCALITES PROBLEMES RECOMMANDATIONS|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|ABRI ET VIVRES|R\u00e9gion du Nord :
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 Soll\u00e9, Ouahigouya
\u2022 Tibou
\u2022 _Route de Youba_
\u2022 Thiou
\u2022 S\u00e9gu\u00e9n\u00e9ga

B. du Mouhoun :
\u2022 To\u00e9ni
\u2022 Sono
\u2022 Kombori
\u2022 Barani
\u2022 Gomboro|Certaines personnes sont
install\u00e9es \u00e0 m\u00eame le sol,
soit sous des hangars ou
sous les quelques
arbustes du site. Les RHU
et les tentes de transit
mis en place sont en
nombre d\u00e9risoire par
rapport \u00e0 la taille des PDI
et ne r\u00e9pondent pas au
standing de logement de
la communaut\u00e9 peulh. Le
nombre de repas est 1
plat par jour pour les
m\u00e9nages|1. Prendre en compte les principes de la
protecton transversale dans la pr\u00e9paraton et
la fourniture de l\u2019assistance dans les secteurs
de l\u2019Abri, de l\u2019Assistance Alimentaire, la Sant\u00e9
etc. ;
2. Octroyer des appuis pour la locaton et/ou de
mat\u00e9riaux de constructon ;
3. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me d\u2019ident\ufb01caton et
de prise en charge des personnes ayant des
besoins sp\u00e9ci\ufb01ques ;
4. R\u00e9f\u00e9rer les PBS sans abri \u00e0 Plan Burkina, \u00e0 l\u2019OIM
ou Help
|\n|COEXISTENCE
PACIFIQUE|R\u00e9gion du Nord
\u2022 Reka (Oula)
\u2022 Ouahigouya
\u2022 Titao
\u2022 _Route de Youba_|Entre les nouvelles PDI
Peulh, les anciennes PDI
et la populaton h\u00f4te se
dessinent des accusatons
et de la m\u00e9\ufb01ance.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de dialogues communautaires sur
la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les PDIs (anciennes et
nouvelles) et les populatons h\u00f4tes
2. Ident\ufb01er et redynamiser au sein des
communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et PDIs les m\u00e9canismes
communautaires de promoton du vivre
ensemble et de la coh\u00e9sion sociale
3. Consid\u00e9rer les populatons h\u00f4tes et les
anciennes PDIs dans la plani\ufb01caton et la
fourniture de l\u2019aide humanitaire|\n|VBG ET
PROTECTION DE
L\u2019ENFANCE
|
\u2022 Tamsin,
\u2022 AK,
\u2022 Kapalin,
\u2022 Saye,
\u2022 Tougzagu\u00e9,
\u2022 Ouahigouya_Route de_
_Youba_|La promiscuit\u00e9 des abris,
la non s\u00e9paraton nete
des femmes et des
hommes dans l'utlisaton
des toiletes et des
latrines l\u00e0 o\u00f9 elles
existent exposent les
femmes. La non
occupaton des enfants et
la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 actuelle des
familles exposent les
enfants \u00e0 tout type d\u2019abus
et d\u2019exploitaton.|1. R\u00e9alisaton de sensibilisaton sur les VBG
(Actons pr\u00e9ventves des violences sexuelles)
2. Metre en place un syst\u00e8me de geston de cas
des VBG
3. Renforcer le syst\u00e8me d\u2019orientaton et de
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas de VBG entre les acteurs
de la r\u00e9gion, partculi\u00e8rement sur les sites
d\u2019accueil
4. Former les acteurs sur la th\u00e9matque VBG pour
une meilleure interventon adapt\u00e9e au contexte|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/57025252-1486-3eca-866f-ea711cd261f8/Rapport%20de%20monitoring%20de%20protection%20r%C3%A9gions%20du%20Nord%20et%20Boucle%20de%20Mouhoun%20-%20Avril%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_595/raw/doc_595_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_595/raw/doc_595_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b4acc29878a0c7f6df9eb2a1911d0db31dd73ba9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_595/raw/doc_595_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **MONITORING DE LA REINTEGRATION** **AU BURUNDI**\n\n## **Un r\u00e9cit fond\u00e9 sur des donn\u00e9es probantes de** **la vie des rapatri\u00e9s au Burundi**\n\n##### Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SOMMAIRE\n\n##### SOMMAIRE\n\n\nLe suivi de la protection vise \u00e0 fournir des informations pr\u00e9cises et actualis\u00e9es sur la situation des\nrapatri\u00e9s et leur processus de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, au gouvernement du Burundi, aux acteurs humanitaires et\nde d\u00e9veloppement. Le programme utilise des donn\u00e9es qualitatives et quantitatives et fond\u00e9es sur des\npreuves pour \u00e9clairer les strat\u00e9gies humanitaires, encourager le plaidoyer, guider la prise de d\u00e9cision,\nstimuler les initiatives visant \u00e0 renforcer durablement le cadre de protection dans les zones de retour\net d'accueil des rapatri\u00e9s.\n\n##### CONTENU\n\n\nContexte ................................... ................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 la documentation ..................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice ...................................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\nViolence bas\u00e9e sur le genre ............................................................................................................................... 5\n\n\nProtection de l\u2019enfance ............................................................................................................................................. 6\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s au logement, terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ................................................................................................................. 7\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s aux moyens de subistance ......................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ..................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, eau, hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement .......................................................................................... 11\n\n\nCohabitation pacifique et assistance ................................................................................................................ 12\n\n\nGouvernance et partenariat .................................................................................................................................... 14\n\n\nRecommandations ..................................................................................................................................................... 15\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CONTEXTE\n\n##### CONTEXTE\n\n\nDans la continuit\u00e9 du monitoring effectu\u00e9s tout le long de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, le pr\u00e9sent rapport de suivi a\npour but de mieux cerner la situation de protection, identifier les facteurs qui affectent la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration\nd\u2019une part et les conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques des rapatri\u00e9s burundais d\u2019autre part, d\u2019analyser\nl\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rentes prestations qui leur sont fournies en tenant compte des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences, des\npriorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, et d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019impact de l\u2019aide \u00e0 la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration sur leur vie apr\u00e8s\nle retour.\n\n##### Chiffres cl\u00e9s\n\n\n## **234,047**\n\npersonnes rapatri\u00e9s de\n2017 au 31 d\u00e9cembre\n2023\n\n### **26,486**\n\npersonnes rapatri\u00e9s\nen 2023\n\n### **2,845**\n\nm\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s de\njanvier decembre\n2023\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nQuelques chiffres illustrent l\u2019ampleur de la t\u00e2che : 2,845\nformulaires de monitoring collect\u00e9s sur une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois\ndans 09 provinces avec l\u2019appui de 100 moniteurs\ncommunautaires, 5 points focaux ainsi que 100 r\u00e9f\u00e9rents de\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration communautaire des rapatri\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9sultats\npermettent d\u2019analyser le travail des acteurs de l\u2019aide au retour au\nBurundi et d\u2019envisager de nouvelles pistes de r\u00e9flexion et\nd\u2019actions pour la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration.\n\n\nLe premier rapport, qui s\u2019\u00e9tendait de janvier \u00e0 juin 2023, analysait\nles r\u00e9sultats de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration en passant en revue les donn\u00e9es\nde suivi collect\u00e9es au niveau des zones de retour. Le deuxi\u00e8me,\nqui couvre la p\u00e9riode de juillet \u00e0 septembre 2023, a fait le point\nsur les trois secteurs prioritaires des rapatri\u00e9s qui sont (i) l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nla terre, au Logement et \u00e0 la Propri\u00e9t\u00e9, (ii) les Moyens de\nsubsistance et (iii) l\u2019\u00e9ducation qui sont des facteurs de rel\u00e8vement\ndans les zones de retour.\n\n\nCe troisi\u00e8me et dernier rapport de suivi de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration couvre\nla p\u00e9riode allant du 1er octobre au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Il fournit les\nr\u00e9sultats obtenus et les conclusions des exercices de suivi men\u00e9s\npar le HCR, CEJP et ses partenaires. Outre les mises \u00e0 jour des\nactivit\u00e9s de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration depuis le dernier rapport du troisi\u00e8me\ntrimestre, celui-ci r\u00e9sume les d\u00e9fis et les r\u00e9alisations globales de la\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi en ce qui concerne la protection, l\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux services, la gouvernance ainsi que la satisfaction des\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. Pour mieux contextualiser et approfondir la\ncompr\u00e9hension des parcours et des exp\u00e9riences, le rapport\ns'appuie sur les tendances et les r\u00e9sultats identifi\u00e9s afin de tirer les\nenseignements et \u00e9clairer les initiatives de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et les\nbonnes pratiques dans le cadre de la programmation future.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES A LA DOCUMENTATION\n\n##### ACCES A LA DOCUMENTATION\n\n\nSelon les r\u00e9sultats du suivi de la protection, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que 75 % des rapatri\u00e9s mineurs\nposs\u00e8dent des certificats de naissance, tandis que 74 % d\u2019adultes sont en possession de carte\nnationale d'identit\u00e9 (CNI). Cette dynamique d\u00e9montre l'engagement actif des rapatri\u00e9s \u00e0 se doter de la\ndocumentation n\u00e9cessaire, non seulement pour des raisons administratives, mais \u00e9galement dans le\nbut de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier pleinement des opportunit\u00e9s offertes par les services sociaux de base. En\nparticulier, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et \u00e0 l'assistance m\u00e9dicale gratuite pour les enfants sont des services\nessentiels pour lesquels la d\u00e9tention de documents d'identit\u00e9 est n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\n\nLe gouvernement du Burundi a prolong\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9lai d'enregistrement des naissances de 3 \u00e0 12\nmois pour les nouveau-n\u00e9s, suite au plaidoyer\ndu HCR. Cette mesure exempte \u00e9galement les\nrapatri\u00e9s de tous les frais li\u00e9s \u00e0 un\nenregistrement tardif. Cela all\u00e8ge la charge\nfinanci\u00e8re et administrative pour les familles\nrapatri\u00e9es.\n\n\n\nDes rapatri\u00e9s manquent d'informations cruciales\nsur la reconstitution des actes de naissance et\nde mariage dans leur province d'origine. Cette\nm\u00e9connaissance les emp\u00eache d'acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des\nservices essentiels. Des actions de\nsensibilisation et d'information sont en cours\ndans les centres de transit et les communaut\u00e9s\npour pallier ce probl\u00e8me.\n\n\n\nL'enregistrement des enfants n\u00e9s hors mariage, souvent d\u00e9sign\u00e9s comme \"n\u00e9s sous p\u00e8re inconnu\",\nn'est pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique par les contr\u00f4leurs provinciaux ce qui pose plusieurs d\u00e9fis.\nCes enfants non-enregistr\u00e9 peuvent rencontrer des difficult\u00e9s pour obtenir des documents officiels\ntels que les certificats de naissance, n\u00e9cessaires pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et aux soins de sant\u00e9. De\nplus, cette lacune peut avoir des implications juridiques et sociales, exposant ces enfants \u00e0 un risque\naccru d'exploitation, d'abus et de marginalisation sociale en l'absence d'identit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale.\n\n\nDe nombreuses communes notamment \u00e0 Giharo (Province de Rutana), Ruyigi, Kirundo, Cankuzo,\nCibitoke sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un manque d'\u00e9quipements n\u00e9cessaires (les registres de naissance) pour\nl\u2019enregistrement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat-civil. Les cons\u00e9quences de ce non-enregistrement peuvent entra\u00eener\nl'impossibilit\u00e9 pour ces enfants d'acc\u00e9der aux services sociaux de base tels que l'\u00e9ducation et la\nsant\u00e9. De plus, cela les expose \u00e0 l'exploitation, aux abus, et accro\u00eet le risque de trafic d'enfants aux\nfronti\u00e8res.\n\n\nLes recommandations \u00e9mises visent \u00e0 rem\u00e9dier aux d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'enregistrement des enfants rapatri\u00e9s\ndans les zones de retour tels que :\n\n - La fourniture urgente de registres de naissance aux centres d'\u00e9tat civil de certaines\nprovinces.\n\n - Dotation en ordinateurs, consommables et fournitures pour les communes. Meubles de\nbureau pour les centres d'\u00e9tat civil et formation du personnel.\n\n - La construction de bureaux d'\u00e9tat-civil dans les zones de rapatri\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire la distance\nparcourue par les citoyens pour obtenir des documents de naissance\n\n\nLa promotion de l'enregistrement et de l'\u00e9mission de documents d'identit\u00e9 parmi la population\nrapatri\u00e9e continue d'\u00eatre un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 pour renforcer leur acc\u00e8s aux droits et services essentiels.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES A LA JUSTICE\n\n##### ACCES A LA JUSTICE\n\n\nAu Burundi, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice constitue un enjeu majeur, et \u00e0 ce titre, chaque commune dispose de\nstructure judiciaire \u00e0 savoir un tribunal de r\u00e9sidence et un conseil des notables. Les rapatri\u00e9s n'ont pas\nrencontr\u00e9 en 2023 de difficult\u00e9s pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la justice cependant la majorit\u00e9 des conflits\nconcernait les litiges fonciers. ICCA a fourni une assistance judiciaire \u00e0 217 rapatri\u00e9s et une assistance\njuridique \u00e0 702 rapatri\u00e9s \u00e0 travers des conseils, orientations, r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement. Les principaux d\u00e9fis qui\nentravent le bon traitement des dossiers de justice des rapatri\u00e9s sont :\n\n - Cout du transport/d\u00e9placement des t\u00e9moins pour assister aux audiences ;\n\n - Ing\u00e9rence des autorit\u00e9s administratives dans les activit\u00e9s/ d\u00e9cisions judiciaires.\n\n - Exigence de \u00ab primes \u00bb des t\u00e9moins pour se rendre au tribunal ; \u00ab certains t\u00e9moins exigent m\u00eame\nune vache pour accepter d\u2019\u00eatre t\u00e9moin dans un proc\u00e8s \u00bb selon un avocat du partenaire en\ncharge de l\u2019assistance l\u00e9gal \u2026 \u00ab ce qui est une autre forme de corruption \u00bb.\n\n - D\u00e9livrance tardive de proc\u00e8s-verbaux par le conseil des notables en cas de recours.\n\n - Longues proc\u00e9dures judiciaires que les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ne comprennent pas.\n\n\nL'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les rapatri\u00e9s burundais est un d\u00e9fi majeur marqu\u00e9 par plusieurs obstacles :\n\n1. Manque de moyens :\n\n - Les rapatri\u00e9s manquent souvent de ressources financi\u00e8res pour engager des frais juridiques.\n\n - L'aide juridique gratuite est limit\u00e9e et difficile \u00e0 obtenir.\n\n\n2. Ignorance des droits :\n\n - Beaucoup de rapatri\u00e9s ne connaissent pas leurs droits et les proc\u00e9dures judiciaires.\n\n - L'information juridique n'est pas toujours accessible dans les langues locales.\n\n\n3. Traumatisme et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 :\n\n - Les rapatri\u00e9s ont souvent subi des traumatismes et sont psychologiquement fragilis\u00e9s.\n\n - Ils peuvent \u00eatre victimes d'exploitation et d'abus, ce qui les rend encore plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nLe gouvernement burundais facilite l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice des rapatri\u00e9s via des centres d'assistance\njuridique, la formation de parajuristes et la simplification des proc\u00e9dures. Des efforts de justice\ntransitionnelle sont \u00e9galement en cours. Cependant, l'acc\u00e8s aux services juridiques reste limit\u00e9 dans\nles zones rurales.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 ces efforts, la situation d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les rapatri\u00e9s burundais reste pr\u00e9occupante. Il\nest n\u00e9cessaire de poursuivre les efforts pour garantir \u00e0 tous les rapatri\u00e9s un acc\u00e8s facile aux services\njuridiques.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "VIOLENCE BASEE SUR LE GENRE\n\n##### VIOLENCE BASEE SUR LE GENRE\n\n\nAu niveau des zones de retour, malgr\u00e9 l'accueil sans r\u00e9serve du gouvernement burundais envers les\nrapatri\u00e9s, le suivi de la protection r\u00e9v\u00e8le que de nombreux rapatri\u00e9s rencontrent des d\u00e9fis lors du\nprocessus de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration. Parmi les 105 cas des incidents de protection identifi\u00e9s lors de l'activit\u00e9 de\nsuivi de la protection pour la population rapatri\u00e9e, 57 concernent des femmes et des filles, dont 8\nsurvivantes ont moins de 18 ans. Ces probl\u00e8mes sont souvent li\u00e9s au refus d'acc\u00e8s aux services, aux\nviolations des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre, soulignant des pr\u00e9occupations\nde protection critiques, en particulier pour les femmes, les filles et les survivants mineurs.\n\n\n\nLes rapatri\u00e9s rencontrent des obstacles pour\nobtenir un soutien opportun et ad\u00e9quat des\nservices publics, aggrav\u00e9s par le manque de\npersonnel qualifi\u00e9 et de prestataires de\nservices. De plus, certains services ne sont pas\nfacilement accessibles pour les survivants qui\nfont d\u00e9j\u00e0 face \u00e0 un traumatisme. En 2023, seuls\nles organismes DPDFS communaux s'occupent\nde la sensibilisation et de la gestion des cas,\navec des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements vers d'autres entit\u00e9s\nau besoin. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le DPDFS est situ\u00e9\nuniquement au si\u00e8ge de la commune, la\ncr\u00e9ation de comit\u00e9s de VBG \u00e0 travers le pays, la\nfourniture de formation et de ressources pour la\nd\u00e9centralisation, pourrait faciliter le conseil\nfamilial et communautaire local. Dans ce\nsc\u00e9nario, le DPDFS superviserait, compilerait\ndes rapports et g\u00e9rerait les cas r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s de\nmani\u00e8re facilement applicable.\n\n\n\nDes comit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention de la VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncr\u00e9\u00e9s dans diverses communes \u00e0 travers le\npays, avec une priorit\u00e9 donn\u00e9e aux communes\navec un grand nombre de rapatri\u00e9s. 19\nmembres issus des forums de femmes, de\njeunes, de leaders religieux, de la sant\u00e9, de la\njustice et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 composent les comit\u00e9s\nde pr\u00e9vention de la VBG.\n\n\nForm\u00e9s \u00e0 l'identification, la pr\u00e9vention et la\ngestion des cas de VBG, ces comit\u00e9s\nsensibilisent au niveau local, conseillent en cas\nde conflits familiaux et orientent les cas graves\nvers les autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n\nDes femmes participent aux formations et aux\nclubs d'autonomisation des jeunes pour\nrenforcer la lutte contre la VBG.\n\n\n\nUne mesure prise pour traiter les probl\u00e8mes de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG) est la collaboration\nentre le HCR et le FNUAP pour cartographier tous les prestataires de services et les centres de soins\npour les survivants de la VBG. Cette initiative vise \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une base de donn\u00e9es compl\u00e8te et\naccessible des ressources, facilitant l'orientation des survivants et l'acc\u00e8s au soutien n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\nLes activit\u00e9s recommand\u00e9es consistent \u00e0 promouvoir la sensibilisation au retour volontaire, \u00e0\nrenforcer les services \u00e9tatiques responsables de la gestion des cas et du soutien. Les partenaires de\nla r\u00e9int\u00e9gration pourraient contribuer \u00e0 la disponibilit\u00e9 du budget, tandis que le DPDFS renforcerait les\nservices communaux (DPDFS) et les comit\u00e9s de colline. Les recommandations dans ce domaine\nincluent le besoin de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des structures sanitaires et de mettre \u00e0 disposition des\ncartes d'assurance afin de faciliter l'acc\u00e8s des survivants aux services de sant\u00e9.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE\n\n##### PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE\n\n\nLes enfants rapatri\u00e9s, comme tout autre enfant dans les zones de retour, ont besoin d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux\nservices de base de qualit\u00e9 pour faciliter leur croissance et protection. L\u2019\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9 et la\nprotection psychosociale font partie des services indispensables pour la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des enfants\nrapatri\u00e9s.\n\nLa protection de l'enfance des enfants rapatri\u00e9s burundais est un pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9fi majeur. Des efforts\nsont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par le gouvernement, les agences onusiennes et les ONG pour garantir leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net leur bien-\u00eatre. L'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation, aux services de base et la lutte contre les abus et l'exploitation\nrestent des priorit\u00e9s. 48% seulement des enfants rapatri\u00e9s sont scolaris\u00e9s, les privant d'un avenir\nmeilleur. Cette situation les rend vuln\u00e9rables au travail des enfants, aux mariages pr\u00e9coces et aux\nviolences.\n\n\nChiffres cl\u00e9s\n\n\n##### \u2022 846 mineurs (enfants ou adolescents)\n\n\u00e0 risque de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapatri\u00e9s\ncette ann\u00e9e.\n\n##### \u2022 4,865 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ou\n\ns\u00e9par\u00e9s rapatri\u00e9s en 2023.\n\n##### \u2022 94 enfants rapatri\u00e9s en 2023 sont\n\nvictimes de VBG.\n\n##### \u2022 865 enfants rapatri\u00e9s vivent avec un\n\nhandicap.\n\n##### \u2022 77 enfants rapatri\u00e9s en 2023 vivent\n\nseuls avec les personnes ag\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n49%\nd\u2019enfants\nrapatri\u00e9s sont\nmasculin\n\n\n##### 61% des personnes\n\nrapatri\u00e9es en 2023 sont des\nmineures.\n\n##### 83% d\u2019enfants viennent des\n\npays ayant un syst\u00e8me\n\u00e9ducatif anglais\n\n\n51%\nd\u2019enfants\nrapatri\u00e9s sont\nf\u00e9minin\n\n\n\nL'identification et la prise en charge des enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en\n\u0153uvre de mani\u00e8re strat\u00e9gique par le biais de familles d'accueil. : 218 enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s (115 gar\u00e7ons et\n103 filles), 34 Enfants \u00e0 risque (15 filles et 19 Gar\u00e7ons) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et appuy\u00e9s en kit scolaire (1\ncartable 12 cahiers et 3 stylos), quelques v\u00eatements distribu\u00e9s pour faciliter leur r\u00e9int\u00e9gration scolaire.\nA la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, 8 Enfants Non-Accompagn\u00e9s ENA (4filles, 4 gar\u00e7ons) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s,\n\u00e9cout\u00e9s et r\u00e9unifi\u00e9s dans leurs familles adoptives. Etant donn\u00e9 que les ENA quelques fois doivent \u00eatre\nplac\u00e9s dans des Familles d'Accueil Temporaire (FAT) en attendant la recherche familiale, 9 FAT, actifs,\nfonctionnels et form\u00e9s sur la protection sont disponibles. Ces familles d'accueil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es\net soutenues pour fournir un encadrement appropri\u00e9 et un suivi attentif aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de\nces enfants vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES AU LOGEMENT, TERRE ET PROPRIETE\n\n##### ACCES AU LOGEMENT, TERRE ET PROPRIETE\n\n\nUn acc\u00e8s s\u00fbr \u00e0 un logement ad\u00e9quat et \u00e0 la terre constitue un facteur cl\u00e9 pour faciliter une\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration durable dans les zones de retour. Le suivi et l'\u00e9valuation de la protection des rapatri\u00e9s\nmontrent que les besoins les plus fr\u00e9quemment signal\u00e9s sont les kits d'abris et les certificats fonciers.\nAu niveau de certaines communes telles que Kayogoro (Makamba), Busoni, Kirundo (Kirundo)\ncertaines autorit\u00e9s collinaires interdisent l\u2019installation de rapatri\u00e9s dans leur zone voire leur r\u00e9clament\nune \u00ab attestation de notori\u00e9t\u00e9\u00b9 \u00bb. Ces obstacles affectent la vie du m\u00e9nage ainsi que la scolarit\u00e9 des\nenfants. Cependant les cas sont r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019administration communale pour qu\u2019elle prot\u00e8ge leurs droits\ncar l\u2019attestation de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 ne doit pas \u00eatre exig\u00e9e aux rapatri\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n###### Type abri occup\u00e9\n\n\n\nAbri en mat\u00e9riaux durables\n\n\nMaison inachev\u00e9e\n\n\nAbris d\u2019urgence\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0 10 20 30 40 50 60\n\nSource : Protection monitoring des rapatri\u00e9s\n\nLes principales r\u00e9alisations durant la p\u00e9riode du rapport :\n\n - Le guide national sur l\u2019abri au Burundi valid\u00e9 au cours de la retraite du secteur Abris/ANA\norganis\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2023 et qui permet aux partenaires de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration\nd\u2019harmoniser leurs crit\u00e8res, standards, programmes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assistance en abris.\n\n - Projet d\u2019assistance en abris du HCR : 1,569 maisons des rapatri\u00e9s et des membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 locale construites parmi les 2,700 kits (24 t\u00f4les, 4 kg de clous, 22 perches, 1\nporte et 2 fen\u00eatres) distribu\u00e9s en 2023.\n\n - Assistance au loyer par l\u2019OIM : Renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des rapatri\u00e9s et sensibilisation\ncommunautaire et 2,879 m\u00e9nages appuy\u00e9s pour l\u2019assistance au loyer. 420 Chefs de\nm\u00e9nage appuy\u00e9s pour la certification fonci\u00e8re \u00e0 Ruyigi, Kirundo, Cankuzo et Muyinga.\n\n - Pledge (engagement) de l\u2019ONG ZOA au forum mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s : \u00e0 faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux droits fonciers de 25,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (rapatri\u00e9s et IDPs) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son\nexpertise en mati\u00e8re d'enregistrement foncier au Burundi.\n\nEn 2023, l'assistance en logement et abri a eu un impact positif significatif sur les rapatri\u00e9s burundais.\nLes assistances ont aid\u00e9 les rapatri\u00e9s \u00e0 trouver des logements s\u00fbrs et abordables, adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs\nbesoins et \u00e0 leur situation familiale. Il a fourni \u00e9galement des informations et un accompagnement\ndans les d\u00e9marches administratives li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acquisition des documents fonciers.\n\nNonobstant, le nombre de rapatri\u00e9s ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l'assistance en logement et abri reste limit\u00e9 par\nrapport aux besoins. Le manque de ressources financi\u00e8res et de constitue un frein \u00e0 l'expansion du\nprogramme. L'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement d\u00e9cent reste un d\u00e9fi majeur dans les zones de retour au Burundi.\n\n###### \u00b9 Responsables collinaires demandent au rapatri\u00e9 qui ach\u00e8te une parcelle dans leur zone de fournir des recommandations\n\nadministratives de sa zone d\u2019origine avant de s\u2019installer\n###### \u00b2 La r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique des 1569 maisons est la suivante : Muyinga : 963 abris, Sud (Makamba et Rutana) : 418 ; Est\n\n(Ruyigi):149; Rugombo (Cibitoke): 39 maisons. La distribution de kits aux vuln\u00e9rables et construction continuent en 2024.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES AUX MOYENS DE SUBISTANCE\n\n##### ACCES AUX MOYENS DE SUBISTANCE\n\n\nDe retour au Burundi, les rapatri\u00e9s luttent pour devenir \u00e9conomiquement autonomes, ils sont\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s pour subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins et \u00e0 ceux de leur famille. Les personnes\ninterrog\u00e9es se sentent incapables de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un changement positif dans leur vie apr\u00e8s leur retour.\nBeaucoup ont indiqu\u00e9 qu'ils avaient du mal \u00e0 s'en sortir et \u00e0 subvenir aux besoins de leur famille, et\ncela peut entra\u00eener le recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d'adaptation n\u00e9fastes.\n\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es des enqu\u00eates effectu\u00e9es en\n2023 sur l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019assistance au retour\nappel\u00e9e commun\u00e9ment \u00ab paquet retour \u00bb, les\nrapatri\u00e9s souhaitent pour 77% acheter une\nparcelle, 69% envisagent construire une\nmaison, 71% pensent \u00e9galement \u00e0 acheter des\nm\u00e9dicaments, 55% inscrire les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\net 66% investir dans les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices\nde revenus (AGR). Il est donc important\nd\u2019encourager les rapatri\u00e9s \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les\nAssociations Villageoises d\u2019Epargne et de\nCr\u00e9dit (AVEC).\n\n\n\nCependant une circulaire de la Banque de la\nR\u00e9publique du Burundi (BRB) annonce que \u00ab les\ngroupements Financiers Communautaires en\nexercice disposent d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de 06 mois \u00e0\ncompter du 10 octobre 2023 pour s\u2019enregistrer\naupr\u00e8s de la BRB. Il est strictement interdit \u00e0\ntoute personne physique ou morale d\u2019exercer\nles activit\u00e9s bancaires sans en avoir\nl\u2019autorisation. \u00bb\n\n\n\nLes actions et assistances en faveur des rapatri\u00e9s dans le domaine des moyens de subsistance ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 durant cette p\u00e9riode :\n\n\n - Gouvernement du Burundi : assistance aux rapatri\u00e9s de 3.000 houes, 04 projets pilote\nd\u2019\u00e9levage de lapins dans les centres de transit conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la directive du Ministre de\nl'Int\u00e9rieur, du d\u00e9veloppement communautaire et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique recommandant \u00e0 tous\nles services qui rel\u00e8vent de ses comp\u00e9tences jusqu'au 31 octobre 2023, la mise sur pied\nd'\u00e9levage de lapins.\n\n\n - FAO : Distribution d\u2019intrants agricoles (semences et fertilisants) par le syst\u00e8me de coupons\n(foire aux semences \u00e0 Kirundo et production des champignons comestibles \u00e0 Busoni/\nBugabira et Vumbi (Kirundo) et Giteranyi (Muyinga) pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\ndes populations et le renforcement des moyens d'existence et de la r\u00e9silience aux chocs de\njanvier \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2023.\n\n\n - HCR : mise en place de douze coop\u00e9ratives de jeunes dans 8 communes, formation sur\nentreprenariat, plan d\u2019affaire, l\u2019\u00e9pargne et cr\u00e9dit (VSLA).\n\n\n - FIDA : l\u2019inclusion des rapatri\u00e9s dans le Programme de D\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Entrepreneuriat\nRural PRODER qui est ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans 12 provinces du Burundi avec un financement de 89,399\nMillions USD afin de promouvoir le d\u00e9veloppement inclusif des entreprises des jeunes ruraux\net le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des pauvres ruraux les plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n - PAM et FAO : Projet d\u2019urgence de distribution de semences \u00e0 50.000 m\u00e9nages agricoles\naffect\u00e9s par l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire incluant les rapatri\u00e9s qui sont rentr\u00e9s en 2023.\n\n\n - HCR en collaboration avec RET, World Vision et Save the Children : participation des\nrapatri\u00e9s \u00e0 4 foires/ expositions en 2023.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES A L\u2019EDUCATION\n\n##### ACCES A L\u2019EDUCATION\n\n\nAu Burundi, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation pour les enfants rapatri\u00e9s constitue un d\u00e9fi majeur. Des efforts sont\nfaits par le gouvernement et les organisations internationales pour am\u00e9liorer la situation, mais\nbeaucoup reste \u00e0 faire. Manque d'infrastructures, pauvret\u00e9, l\u2019adaptation au syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif\nburundais et traumatismes li\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement entravent leur scolarisation. A ceci, s\u2019ajoute \u00e9galement\nles incidents de protection commis \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des enfants.\n\n\n\nParmi les 105 cas d\u2019incidents de protection\nidentifi\u00e9s, 17 impliquaient des enfants. Une\ngrande partie des cas de protection de\nl'enfance d\u00e9tect\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce au suivi des incidents\nconcerne des individus vuln\u00e9rables ayant\nbesoin d'assistance en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9ducation.\nCependant, il convient de noter que ces cas ne\nsont pas n\u00e9cessairement li\u00e9s aux incidents de\nprotection par d\u00e9finition mettant en lumi\u00e8re leur\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 quant \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des services\nvitaux, en particulier dans le domaine de\nl'\u00e9ducation.\n\n\n\nIl est crucial de noter que la politique\ngouvernementale ne discrimine pas les enfants\nrapatri\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation.\nCependant, des obstacles financiers entravent\nleur acc\u00e8s effectif \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation. De plus, la\ndisponibilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e des kits scolaires constitue\nun autre aspect du probl\u00e8me. Les rapatri\u00e9s font\nface \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis suppl\u00e9mentaires pour acqu\u00e9rir\nles fournitures scolaires de base\nindispensables, compromettant ainsi leur\nparticipation \u00e9ducative et leur exp\u00e9rience\nd'apprentissage.\n\n\n\nLe pourcentage \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019enfants non scolaris\u00e9s s\u2019explique par plusieurs raisons, notamment par le fait\nque certains parents n\u2019ont pas les moyens n\u00e9cessaires pour envoyer les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ce qui\noccasionne un lot de d\u00e9fis et d\u00e9rives.\n\n\n###### Dans la province de Rumonge, N.A une veuve rapatri\u00e9e de la colline de Busebwa remercie l\u2019ONG hollandaise \u00ab Ejo Burundi \u00bb qui appuie le fonctionnement de la cantine scolaire du \u00abComplexe lumi\u00e8re Delft \u00bb, une \u00e9cole technique. Elle souligne que \u00ab \u2026certaines filles qui ont abandonn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9cole suite \u00e0 la faim sont tomb\u00e9es enceintes par apr\u00e8s\u2026 \u00bb B.H, un autre rapatri\u00e9, indique que son \u00ab \u2026 enfant avait abandonn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9cole suite \u00e0 la faim car il n\u2019a pas encore eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre \u00bb. Il salue cette mesure salvatrice qui va permettre de maintenir les enfants issus des familles vuln\u00e9rables et compte faire retourner son enfant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\u2026. Son plaidoyer \u00e0 l\u2019endroit du complexe \u00e9ducatif est la r\u00e9insertion scolaire des jeunes filles tomb\u00e9es enceintes.\n\nIl est \u00e9galement important de noter que la mise \u00e0 niveau des programmes reste un obstacle, avec la\nsituation o\u00f9 certains \u00e9l\u00e8ves rapatri\u00e9s sont contraints de reprendre la m\u00eame classe qu'ils fr\u00e9quentaient\ndans le pays d'asile au lieu de progresser. De plus, le manque d\u2019infrastructures scolaires et\nd'enseignants, entrave l'int\u00e9gration durable des rapatri\u00e9s dans le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif national. La mise\nen place de la double vacation, surtout dans les zones fortement peupl\u00e9es par les rapatri\u00e9s (Cankuzo,\nRuyigi, Muyinga, Kirundo, Makamba, Rutana), est une mesure adopt\u00e9e pour surmonter cette contrainte\nlogistique. Bien que cela permette d'optimiser l'utilisation des infrastructures existantes, le besoin\nd'investissements accrus et de ressources dans le secteur \u00e9ducatif subsiste pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la\ndemande croissante li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e des rapatri\u00e9s.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ACCES A L\u2019EDUCATION\n\n\nCette d\u00e9marche n\u00e9cessite une collaboration \u00e9troite entre les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives, les organismes\nhumanitaires et la communaut\u00e9 internationale afin de cr\u00e9er un environnement d'apprentissage inclusif\net adapt\u00e9 aux besoins des rapatri\u00e9s. Sous la coordination d'un Comit\u00e9 Technique Mixte (CTM),\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie d'inclusion des rapatri\u00e9s dans le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif national est en cours.\nElle vise un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9ducatif inclusif et accessible, le rehaussement du niveau du savoir et de\nla qualit\u00e9 de l'apprentissage en collaboration avec le HCR, le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019UNICEF,\nl\u2019UNESCO et les partenaires cl\u00e9s du secteur.\n\n##### Taux d\u2019enfants rapatri\u00e9s qui ne vont pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\n\n\n\n80\n\n70\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n\n\nJan-Juin 2022 Juil-Dec 2022 Jan-Juin 2023 Juil-Sept 2023\n\n\n\nLes acteurs de l\u2019\u00e9ducation ont assist\u00e9 dans les domaines suivants :\n\n\n - Croix-Rouge du Burundi : Assistance mon\u00e9taire en cash (55,000 FBU/ individu) \u00e0 4.700\n\u00e9coliers pour l\u2019appui scolaire incluant des enfants rapatri\u00e9s pour la rentr\u00e9e 2023-2024.\n\n\n - HCR : a \u00e9rig\u00e9 une dizaine de salles de classe \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole fondamentale de Nyagisozi, Kirundo,\net bloc de latrine construits \u00e0 l'ECOFO Kubuyenge II, Gisuru (Ruyigi) favorisant la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration\ndes enfants rapatri\u00e9s et all\u00e9geant la surpopulation dans les classes.\n\n\n - PAM : l\u2019Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement (AFD), le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM)\net le Gouvernement du Burundi mettent en \u0153uvre le programme national d\u2019alimentation\nscolaire dans 850 \u00e9coles fondamentales du Burundi incluant les \u00e9l\u00e8ves rapatri\u00e9s. Un repas\nquotidien a \u00e9t\u00e9 servi \u00e0 663.000 enfants, soit 24% des 2,8 millions d\u2019enfants burundais d\u2019\u00e2ge\nscolaire. Le gouvernement du Burundi qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 hauteur de 4,4 millions de dollars\npour l\u2019ann\u00e9e scolaire 2023/2024 et projette d\u2019atteindre la couverture universelle \u00e0 l\u2019horizon\n2032.\n\n\n - BAD : octobre 2023, lancement officiel du Projet d\u2019entrepreneuriat agro-pastoral et\nperfectionnement professionnel des jeunes et des femmes du Burundi ($20 millions)\ndestin\u00e9s \u00e0 2.000 \u00e9tudiants (30% de filles) pour des formations certifiantes ou dipl\u00f4mantes et\n3.000 coop\u00e9ratives comptant 15.000 membres (50% de femmes). Le plaidoyer doit se faire\npour l\u2019inclusion des rapatri\u00e9s dans ce vaste programme de reconversion professionnelle.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SANTE, EAU, HYGIENE ET ASSAINISSEMENT\n\n##### SANTE, EAU, HYGIENE ET ASSAINISSEMENT\n\n\nLe Burundi, avec une densit\u00e9 de 374 habitants par km\u00b2, dont les rapatri\u00e9s font partie, a l'une des\npopulations les plus denses d'Afrique et du monde. Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la population (48%) a moins\nde 15 ans, et 62% a moins de 25 ans. Cela met en lumi\u00e8re l'importance de pr\u00eater attention aux besoins\nde la jeunesse, notamment en mati\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9, d'eau, d'hygi\u00e8ne et d'assainissement (EHA). En\n2023, le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 mais aussi d\u2019eau, hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement du Burundi sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0\nde nombreux d\u00e9fis.\n\nPour relever ces d\u00e9fis, plusieurs initiatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place. Le Plan national de d\u00e9veloppement\ndu Burundi (PND Burundi 2018-2027) vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et \u00e0 l'assainissement pour\ntous, en particulier pour les jeunes et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.\n\n##### Sant\u00e9\n\n\nLa grande majorit\u00e9 des rapatri\u00e9s ne poss\u00e8dent pas de carte d\u2019assurance maladie et 93% parmi ceux\nqui n\u2019ont pas invoquent le manque de moyens comme raison de ne pas en avoir. Cette cat\u00e9gorie n\u2019a\npas acc\u00e8s aux soins essentiellement faute d\u2019argent. Il s'observe \u00e9galement au niveau des provinces\nde Ruyigi, Rutana, Kirundo etc\u2026 des ruptures r\u00e9p\u00e9titives de carte d\u2019assurance maladie CAM dans les\ndistricts sanitaires, de ce fait, les rapatri\u00e9s ayant des moyens financiers ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s'en\nprocurer facilement. Pourtant selon M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, le meilleur syst\u00e8me pour payer la\nconsultation et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 des populations est le \u00ab syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9paiement\nvia la Caisse d\u2019Assurance Maladie \u00bb.\n\nAu Burundi, les populations rurales en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral vivent dans une pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et le budget\nsant\u00e9 aggrave encore cette pr\u00e9carit\u00e9. Le syst\u00e8me de protection des indigents existe mais gagnerait\n\u00e0 \u00eatre renforc\u00e9 compte tenu du nombre de personnes vuln\u00e9rables au Burundi ou vivant en dessous\ndu seuil de pauvret\u00e9. Ainsi les rapatri\u00e9s pourraient en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier.\n\n\n\n63% de menages\nrapatri\u00e9s disent \u00eatre\nsatisfaits de la qualit\u00e9 de\nsoins recue.\n\n\n\n\n\n32% de menages\nrapatri\u00e9s d\u00e9clarent qu\u2019ils\nposs\u00e9dent des cartes\nd\u2019assurance maladie.\n\n\n\n\n##### Eau, hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement (EHA)\n\nLa forte majorit\u00e9 des rapatri\u00e9s d\u00e9clarent avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau en quantit\u00e9 suffisante. Cependant une\nassistance pour l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable, \u00e0 l'eau de cuisson et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s sur\nl'hygi\u00e8ne, ainsi que l'assainissement d'urgence en cas de catastrophes naturelles et d'\u00e9pid\u00e9mies est\nn\u00e9cessaire pour les populations rapatri\u00e9es et locales. Plusieurs sources am\u00e9nag\u00e9es ne sont pas\nfonctionnelles dans certaines communes de Gisuru \u00e0 Ruyigi et Gisagara de Mishiha en province de\nCankuzo, Kirundo. Les autorit\u00e9s communales demandent un appui aux partenaires.\n\n\n\n58% de m\u00e9nages\nrapatri\u00e9s ont des latrines\ndans la parcelle, mais\nles pratiques d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne\nrestent \u00e1 renforcer\n\n\n\n\n\n81% des rapatri\u00e9s\ndisposent des sources\nd\u2019approvisionnement\nd\u2019eau dans leurs\ncommunes\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COHABITATION PACIFIQUE ET ASSISTANCES\n\n##### COHABITATION PACIFIQUE ET ASSISTANCES Cohabitation pacifique\n\n\nLe retour des rapatri\u00e9s au Burundi est un processus complexe. Pour une cohabitation et une\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration durable, des mesures de r\u00e9insertion sociale et \u00e9conomique (\u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9, logement,\nemploi) sont n\u00e9cessaires. Le dialogue et la compr\u00e9hension mutuelle entre rapatri\u00e9s et communaut\u00e9s\nlocales sont essentiels pour pr\u00e9venir les tensions et les conflits.\n\n\n\nLes populations rapatri\u00e9es s'int\u00e8grent de\nmani\u00e8re progressive dans les zones de retour,\net des projets sp\u00e9cifiques comme le projet de\nboulangerie et de ferronnerie \u00e0 Nyanza lac\nciblant \u00e0 la fois les rapatri\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s\nd'accueil sont mis en \u0153uvre. L'objectif de ces\ninitiatives est de favoriser la cohabitation\npacifique au sein des communes, en\nencourageant l'int\u00e9gration sociale et\n\u00e9conomique des rapatri\u00e9s tout en renfor\u00e7ant les\nliens avec les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Ces\nprogrammes contribuent ainsi \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un\nenvironnement propice \u00e0 l'harmonie et \u00e0 la\nstabilit\u00e9, promouvant ainsi la reconstruction et le\nd\u00e9veloppement durable des zones de retour.\n\n\nCependant, des rapatri\u00e9s ont fait part de leurs\npr\u00e9occupations concernant la stigmatisation et\nles restrictions de leurs libert\u00e9s. La situation est\nparticuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupante \u00e0 Kayogoro\n(Makamba).\n\n\n\nCertains responsables semblent assimiler le fait\nd'avoir quitt\u00e9 le pays en raison des diff\u00e9rentes\ncrises qu'a connu le pays \u00e0 une faute m\u00e9ritant\ncorrection, particuli\u00e8rement en ce qui concerne\nl'appropriation de biens.\n\n\nLa stigmatisation dont font l'objet les rapatri\u00e9s\ndoit \u00eatre abord\u00e9e par des programmes de\nsensibilisation visant \u00e0 changer les attitudes\ndiscriminatoires. L'assimilation sus-\u00e9voqu\u00e9e doit\n\u00eatre corrig\u00e9e par une communication claire sur\nles droits l\u00e9gitimes des rapatri\u00e9s et les\nobligations des autorit\u00e9s locales envers eux.\nUne action imm\u00e9diate des autorit\u00e9s sup\u00e9rieures\nest recommand\u00e9e pour sensibiliser et corriger\nles comportements discriminatoires des\nresponsables locaux. L'accent est mis sur\nl'importance de garantir \u00e0 chaque individu,\nrapatri\u00e9 ou non, un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux services\net une jouissance de ses droits.\n\n\n\nEn d\u00e9finitive, une intervention coordonn\u00e9e des autorit\u00e9s hi\u00e9rarchiques est essentielle pour garantir\nque les rapatri\u00e9s ne soient pas victimes de pratiques discriminatoires, mais plut\u00f4t soutenus dans leur\nprocessus de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 locale.\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COHABITATION PACIFIQUE ET ASSISTANCES\n\n##### Assistance aux rapatri\u00e9s\n\n\nDans l'ensemble, 28 % des rapatri\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 satisfaits de leur niveau de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration (sur 2845 chefs\nde m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s) selon les r\u00e9sultats du monitoring effectu\u00e9 au dernier trimestre 2023.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Objec\u019ff sp\u00e9cifique|Indicateurs|Cible|R\u00e9sultat|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
Am\u00e9liorer
le
niveau
de
r\u00e9int\u00e9gra\u019fon a\u01a9eint par les
rapatri\u00e9s depuis leur retour
|
Pourcentage
de
rapatri\u00e9s
qui
se
d\u00e9clarent sa\u019fsfaits de l'assistance re\u00e7ue
au niveau des zones de retour|
2845
chefs
m\u00e9nages/
14225 rapatri\u00e9s|
28%|\n\n\n\nComme l'ont soulign\u00e9 les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents rapports, la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration durable d\u00e9pend largement de\nl'environnement et des conditions dans les zones de retour. Conscients des d\u00e9fis auxquels les\ncommunaut\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9es, tels que les ressources, services et infrastructures de base limit\u00e9s, le\ngouvernement du Burundi et les partenaires mettent en place des activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au niveau\nindividuel, communautaire et structurel.\n\n\nL\u2019assistance individuelle en 2023 aux vuln\u00e9rables dans les secteurs du logement, des terres et\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s, de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration scolaire, la documentation, la sant\u00e9, des moyens de subsistance est\nfournie et d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans les paragraphes correspondant \u00e0 ces secteurs \u00e9voqu\u00e9s. Des appuis sont en\nfaveur des survivant(e)s de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (200 cas environ), 218 enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, 34\nenfants \u00e0 risque, 8 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s, 718 personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques sont effectu\u00e9es \u00e0\ntravers des bureaux d\u2019\u00e9coute et le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement aux structures de prise en charge dont le principal\nest La Direction du D\u00e9veloppement Familial et social (ex. CDFC).\n\n\nAu niveau communautaire :\n\n\n - 23 comit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention des VBG sont appuy\u00e9s dans les principales zones de retour en\n2023.\n\n\n - Sensibilisation pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base par la DGRRR et les partenaires de\nla r\u00e9int\u00e9gration.\n\n\n - Construction d\u2019infrastructures communautaires (salles de classe),\n\n\n - Renforcement des groupements associatifs : financement et/ou partenariat avec\nl\u2019Association des Femmes Rapatri\u00e9s du Burundi (AFRABU/ IRC, AFRABU/PNUD), Association\ndes Jeunes Rapatri\u00e9s du Burundi AJRB/ HCR, cr\u00e9ation de plus de 50 coop\u00e9ratives des\nrapatri\u00e9s (1500 individus incluant la communaut\u00e9 locale).\n\n\nCes activit\u00e9s permettent d'aborder \u00e0 la fois les besoins des rapatri\u00e9s et des populations locales et\naussi d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les rapatri\u00e9s et les membres de la communaut\u00e9. En fait,\n89% des rapatri\u00e9s (rentr\u00e9s entre 2020 et d\u00e9cembre 2023) ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir de \u00ab bonnes relations\navec les autres membres de la communaut\u00e9 et les autorit\u00e9s depuis leur retour dans la localit\u00e9 \u00bb.\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GOUVERNANCE ET PARTENARIAT\n\n##### GOUVERNANCE ET PARTENARIAT Coordination\n\n\nLes initiatives des partenaires de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration ont permis de renforcer diverses structures de\ncoordination et de gouvernance sur la protection et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services dans les zones de retour,\nallant des comit\u00e9s de pilotage de projet aux comit\u00e9s de soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des rapatri\u00e9s. A\ntravers ces diff\u00e9rentes structures, la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration rassemble le gouvernement du Burundi, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\ncivile, le secteur priv\u00e9, les ONG et d'autres organisations internationales de d\u00e9veloppement, tant au\nniveau central que local.\n\n\n\nEn 2023, au moins 09 r\u00e9unions des groupes\ntechniques de travail ont eu lieu tant au niveau\nnational que provincial incluant la zone nord\n(Kirundo, Ngozi, Muyinga), la zone Est (Ruyigi et\nCankuzo) et la zone Sud (Makamba, Rutana).\n\n\nDeux r\u00e9unions de la Commission Tripartite ont\neu lieu \u00e0 Gitega (Burundi) en mai 2023 et Dar es\nSalam (Tanzanie) au mois de novembre 2023\nrassemblant les acteurs cl\u00e9s gouvernementaux,\nONGs internationales et locales et les\ndonateurs dont l\u2019issue a \u00e9t\u00e9 la transition du\nretour facilit\u00e9 vers la promotion du rapatriement.\n\n##### Partenariat et r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement\n\n\n\nEnfin le dernier \u00e9v\u00e8nement phare relatif \u00e0 la\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration a \u00e9t\u00e9 le deuxi\u00e8me forum mondial\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (GRF) en d\u00e9cembre 2023 \u00e0\nGen\u00e8ve (Suisse) auquel le Gouvernement du\nBurundi a pris part, avec la participation du\nMinistre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Publique et\ndu D\u00e9veloppement Communautaire et sa\nd\u00e9l\u00e9gation. Quinze engagements ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nmobilis\u00e9s au profit du Burundi de la part des\nNations Unies, des entit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales, du\nsecteur priv\u00e9, de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et\nrepr\u00e9sentant des promesses de soutien qui\nsont au c\u0153ur du programme de protection et\nde solutions au Burundi dans le cadre de la\nr\u00e9int\u00e9gration.\n\n\n\nLes partenaires de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des partenariats pour l\u2019inclusion des\nrapatri\u00e9s dans les programmes de d\u00e9veloppement mis en \u0153uvre au Burundi. Par exemple, suite \u00e0 une\nr\u00e9union entre le HCR et FIDA en novembre 2023, vingt (20) associations de rapatri\u00e9s soit 600\nindividus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s au programme PRODER pour que les rapatri\u00e9s ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 re\u00e7u une aide pour\ncr\u00e9er des Activit\u00e9s G\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de Revenus puissent renforcer leur activit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au soutien du\nPRODER.\n\nDe nouveaux partenariats pour l\u2019inclusion des rapatri\u00e9s ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9s avec ENABEL, la\nBanque Africaine de D\u00e9veloppement (BAD), le Comit\u00e9 National Olympique (CNO), l\u2019Union\nEurop\u00e9enne \u00e0 travers l'initiative conjointe UE-HCR qui soutient les projets de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration dans les\npays d\u2019asile et au Burundi.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n##### RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaine|Recommandations|\n|---|---|\n|Appropriation
locale|\u2022
Renforcer le r\u00f4le des autorit\u00e9s locales et des m\u00e9canismes locaux dans le
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration
\u2022
Consolider les capacit\u00e9s/ ressources des autorit\u00e9s locales dans les principales
zones de retour
|\n|R\u00e9int\u00e9gration \u00e0
base
communautaire
(RBC)|\u2022
Renforcer les synergies par une collaboration continue entre les partenaires
qui mettent en \u0153uvre des projets communautaires a\ufb01n de pr\u00e9venir les
chevauchements et d\u2019optimiser les ressources.
\u2022
Impliquer les autorit\u00e9s administratives dans la supervision des projets a\ufb01n d'en
assurer la durabilit\u00e9.
\u2022
Accro\u00eetre la sensibilisation \u00e0 la RBC par le biais d'associations de sensibilisation
\u00e0 travers les organisations de rapatri\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s.

|\n|Assistance
individuelle|\u2022
Poursuivre les efforts visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le temps n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration
\u00e9conomique.
\u2022
Fournir des informations sur les activit\u00e9s \ufb01li\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques porteuses au
Burundi, en tenant compte du contexte et des besoins du rapatri\u00e9.
\u2022
Int\u00e9grer l'aide en esp\u00e8ces dans la strat\u00e9gie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d'autonomisation des
rapatri\u00e9s, en tant qu'\u00e9l\u00e9ment de leur plan global de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration. Etudier plus
avant les partenariats avec des agences pour le d\u00e9veloppement des
comp\u00e9tences et impliquer davantage le secteur priv\u00e9.
|\n|Partenariat|\u2022
Am\u00e9liorer la collecte d\u2019informations sur les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et
formaliser les partenariats informels.
\u2022
Promouvoir le partenariat en mati\u00e8re de soutien psychosocial aux rapatri\u00e9s.
\u2022
Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes nationaux d'orientation pour une coordination
ef\ufb01cace des programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des autorit\u00e9s nationales et d'autres
partenaires.
\u2022
Dans le cadre de la promotion du retour et la mise en \u0153uvre des projets de
r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, renforcer les synergies entre les donateurs, les partenaires de la
r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et les autorit\u00e9s locales/ traditionnelles en termes de partage
d'informations sur les rapatri\u00e9s.
\u2022
Sensibiliser les banques et les institutions \ufb01nanci\u00e8res pour faciliter l\u2019inclusion
\ufb01nanci\u00e8re des rapatries

|\n|Durabilit\u00e9
|\u2022
Continuer \u00e0 fournir une combinaison d'aides en esp\u00e8ces et en nature, y compris
des formations.
\u2022
Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s (ressources humaines mat\u00e9rielles et techniques) des
services sociaux de base pour assurer l'absorption des rapatri\u00e9s et stabiliser
leur r\u00e9int\u00e9gration.
\u2022
Mettre en \u0153uvre une strat\u00e9gie plus proactive de r\u00e9solution des con\ufb02its fonciers,
etc. le suivi de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration en cas de retour massif.
\u2022
Travailler plus \u00e9troitement avec les acteurs gouvernementaux et les
communaut\u00e9s pour leur appropriation a\ufb01n d'am\u00e9liorer la durabilit\u00e9 des
programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration.|\n\n\n\nUNHCR > Monitoring de la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration au Burundi : Janvier - D\u00e9cembre 2023 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06cafe47-7e26-4133-9553-3c9439e39a78/Rapport%20du%20Monitoring%20de%20la%20reintegration%20Janvier%20-%20Decembre%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_596/raw/doc_596_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_596/raw/doc_596_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9cd20a863e4f5a9a42a0ab5f0991aa0c03a8c737..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_596/raw/doc_596_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **RECOMAND\u0102RI** **PENTRU CENTRELE** **DE CAZARE** **DURABILE DIN** **ROM\u00c2NIA**\n## **Ukraine Situation/Romania**\n#### **Decembrie 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n## Rezumat executiv\n\n\n\n\u00cen urma invaziei la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a Ucrainei de c\u0103tre\nFedera\u021bia Rus\u0103, care a \u00eenceput pe 24 februarie\n2022, peste 175.000 de refugia\u021bi din Ucraina s-au\n\u00eenregistrat pentru Protec\u021bie Temporar\u0103 \u00een\nRom\u00e2nia1. Ca r\u0103spuns, Guvernul Rom\u00e2niei a oferit\nsprijin pentru cazare prin diverse programe,\nasigur\u00e2nd nevoile de baz\u0103 ale refugia\u021bilor din\nUcraina, ini\u021bial prin Programul 50/20 (Ordonan\u021ba\nde Urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 15/2022) \u0219i, ulterior, prin tranzi\u021bia\nla programul stabilit de la 1 mai 2023, care a\nintrodus aloca\u021bii forfetare diferen\u021biate pentru\nbeneficiarii de protec\u021bie temporar\u0103, acoperind\ncosturile de cazare \u0219i hran\u01032. La 28 iunie 2024, a\nfost adoptat\u0103 o nou\u0103 ordonan\u021b\u0103, OUG nr.\n96/20243, care introduce sprijin temporar pentru\ncazare pentru refugia\u021bii nou-sosi\u021bi pentru o\nperioad\u0103 de trei p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru luni \u0219i elimin\u0103\nbarierele legale care \u00eempiedicau accesul la servicii\nde protec\u021bie social\u0103. Refugia\u021bii care au ob\u021binut\nprotec\u021bie temporar\u0103 \u00eenainte de 1 iulie 2024 sunt\neligibili pentru beneficii sociale, inclusiv aloca\u021bii\npentru copii \u0219i ajutoare de \u0219omaj. Cei care\nprimesc protec\u021bie temporar\u0103 dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 dat\u0103\nbeneficiaz\u0103 de un ajutor forfetar unic, valabil\npatru luni, \u00eenainte de a accessa beneficiile\nmen\u021bionate.\n\nDe\u0219i aceste programe vizeaz\u0103 acoperirea nevoilor\nde baz\u0103, rezultatele mai multor evalu\u0103ri realizate\n\u00een ultimii ani eviden\u021biaz\u0103 provoc\u0103rile continue\nlegate de cazare, subliniind presiunea financiar\u0103\ntot mai mare \u0219i cre\u0219terea dependen\u021bei de centrele\n\n\n\ncolective de cazare. Astfel, Evaluarea\nMultisectorial\u0103 a Nevoilor (Multi-Sector Needs\nAssessment MSNA)4 din 2023 \u0219i Studiul asupra\nPerspectivelor Sociale \u0219i Economice (Social and\nEconomic Insights Survey SEIS)5 din 2024 au\nidentificat tendin\u021be \u0219i provoc\u0103ri semnificative cu\ncare se confrunt\u0103 refugia\u021bii ucraineni din\nRom\u00e2nia \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te situa\u021bia locativ\u0103. \u00cen\n2023, 4% dintre refugia\u021bi locuiau \u00een centre\ncolective, iar 8% \u00eemp\u0103r\u021beau locuin\u021be sau erau\ncaza\u021bi \u00een hoteluri sau pensiuni. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2024,\nprocentul refugia\u021bilor care tr\u0103iau \u00een centre\ncolective a crescut la 7%, de\u0219i majoritatea (93%)\ncontinuau s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 independent. O\nschimbare semnificativ\u0103 a fost observat\u0103 \u00een\ncapacitatea refugia\u021bilor de a acoperi costurile\nlocative: \u00een 2023, 78% reu\u0219eau s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103\nchiria \u0219i utilit\u0103\u021bile, mul\u021bi beneficiind de sprijin\nfinanciar din partea ONG-urilor sau a\nprogramelor guvernamentale. Totu\u0219i, \u00een 2024,\ndoar 56% dintre gospod\u0103rii reu\u0219eau s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103\naceste cheltuieli la timp, \u00een timp ce 43% se\nconfruntau cu dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare majore,\nduc\u00e2nd la \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een plata chiriei sau a\nutilit\u0103\u021bilor. \u00cen plus, 14% dintre refugia\u021bi\nconsiderau aceste cheltuieli deosebit de\n\u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare, reflect\u00e2nd o deteriorare a\nsitua\u021biei economice \u0219i suger\u00e2nd o posibil\u0103\ncre\u0219tere a cererii pentru centre de cazare\ncolectiv\u0103 \u00een viitorul apropiat.\n\n\n\n**1** https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine/location/10782.\n**2** Pentru primele patru luni, o persoan\u0103 singur\u0103 a primit 750 lei/lun\u0103, iar familiile au beneficiat de 2.000 lei/lun\u0103, la care s-au ad\u0103ugat 600 lei/lun\u0103 per\npersoan\u0103 pentru hran\u0103. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu a cincea lun\u0103 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2023, aloca\u021biile pentru cazare au r\u0103mas neschimbate. Cerin\u021bele de\neligibilitate au fost modificate progresiv, pornind de la condi\u021bii minime ini\u021biale, \u00eens\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu a cincea lun\u0103, refugia\u021bii au fost obliga\u021bi s\u0103 fie angaja\u021bi,\niar copiii trebuiau s\u0103 fie \u00eenscri\u0219i la \u0219coal\u0103.\n**3** https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/288970.\n**4** https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107642.\n**5** Datele pentru SEIS 2024 au fost colectate \u0219i analizate, raportul urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie publicat \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare.\n\n\n1 UNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n\n\nAsisten\u021ba pentru cazare r\u0103m\u00e2ne un domeniu critic\nde interven\u021bie, at\u00e2t pentru noii sosi\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru\npersoanele care \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een atingerea\nautonomiei, \u00een special refugia\u021bii mai vulnerabili,\nprecum persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi sau v\u00e2rstnicii cu\nafec\u021biuni medicale cronice. Departamentul pentru\nSitua\u021bii de Urgen\u021b\u0103 (DSU) din cadrul Ministerului\nAfacerilor Interne \u0219i UNHCR, Agen\u021bia ONU\npentru Refugia\u021bi, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu sprijinul\nautorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale \u0219i locale, al altor agen\u021bii\nONU, al societ\u0103\u021bii civile \u0219i al altor actori, \u00ee\u0219i\npropun s\u0103 dezvolte solu\u021bii durabile pentru cazarea\npe termen mediu \u0219i lung a celor mai vulnerabili\nrefugia\u021bi din Ucraina. Totodat\u0103, se urm\u0103re\u0219te\nextinderea capacit\u0103\u021bii de primire pentru un\npoten\u021bial nou aflux de persoane str\u0103mutate sau\npentru gestionarea altor situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103 care\nnecesit\u0103 locuin\u021be temporare pentru persoanele\nafectate (de exemplu, dezastre naturale),\nconsolid\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp capacitatea local\u0103 de\na oferi servicii sociale \u0219i de protec\u021bie \u0219i\nparticiparea civic\u0103.\n\n\n\n\u00cen acest context, ini\u021biativa de evaluare a\ncentrelor colective de cazare din 2024 s-a axat\npe identificarea centrelor care ar putea fi\nutilizate pentru solu\u021bii de cazare pe termen mai\nlung, valorific\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 bunele practici\nexistente \u00een aceste centre. Deoarece multe\ncentre colective au fost \u00eenchise \u00eenainte de\nlansarea exerci\u021biului, \u00een final, cinci centre\ncolective pentru refugia\u021bi, situate \u00een loca\u021bii cu o\npopula\u021bie semnificativ\u0103 de refugia\u021bi \u0219i care au\nnevoi diverse, au participat la evaluare. Acest\nraport prezint\u0103 o sintez\u0103 a concluziilor agregate\nale evalu\u0103rilor efectuate \u00een centrele colective\nsituate \u00een Bucure\u0219ti, Ia\u0219i, Gala\u021bi, Suceava \u0219i\nTimi\u0219oara. DSU \u0219i UNHCR, \u00een colaborare cu\ninspectoratele jude\u021bene pentru situa\u021bii de\nurgen\u021b\u0103 (ISU), au dezvoltat un instrument de\nevaluare a centrelor, menit s\u0103 monitorizeze\nstarea opera\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i nevoile acestora, facilit\u00e2nd\nastfel luarea unor decizii bazate pe date pentru\nviitoarele solu\u021bii de cazare pe termen lung.\n\n\n\nHart\u0103 1 | **Localizarea centrelor de cazare durabile din Rom\u00e2nia**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n\n\nRaportul subliniaz\u0103 necesitatea de a aborda\ndeficien\u021bele acestor centre \u0219i ofer\u0103 recomand\u0103ri\npentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea at\u00e2t a condi\u021biilor pe termen\nscurt, c\u00e2t \u0219i a durabilit\u0103\u021bii pe termen lung, \u00een\nperspectiva unor viitoare situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103 (aflux\nde refugia\u021bi, dezastre naturale etc.). Totodat\u0103, o\nimplicare mai accentuat\u0103 a autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale \u00een\ngestionarea acestor centre colective ar putea\ntransforma aceste spa\u021bii \u00een resurse valoroase nu\ndoar pentru refugia\u021bi \u0219i nou-veni\u021bi, ci \u0219i pentru\nalte categorii vulnerabile. \u00cen paralel, aceste centre\npot func\u021biona ca centre comunitare\nmultifunc\u021bionale, facilit\u00e2nd activit\u0103\u021bi de\nvoluntariat \u0219i servicii pentru \u00eentreaga comunitate.\n\n\n\nNu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, acest document poate servi\nca instrument esen\u021bial pentru autorit\u0103\u021bile locale\n\u00een demersurile de atragere a resurselor, aplicarea\nla programe de finan\u021bare, mobilizarea dona\u021biilor\n\u0219i fundamentarea deciziilor guvernamentale\nprivind cazarea \u0219i sprijinul pentru refugia\u021bi.\nConcluziile ob\u021binute \u00een urma acestei evalu\u0103ri pot\ncontribui, de asemenea, la conturarea\nr\u0103spunsurilor la viitoare crize, oferind un cadru\nstrategic pentru administra\u021biile locale,\norganiza\u021biile interna\u021bionale \u0219i ONG-urile\nimplicate \u00een sprijinirea popula\u021biilor str\u0103mutate \u0219i\na comunit\u0103\u021bilor-gazd\u0103.\n\n\n## Centrele Colective\n\n\n\nEvaluarea celor cinci centre colective de refugia\u021bi\ndin Rom\u00e2nia\u2014dou\u0103 c\u0103mine universitare (C\u0103minul\n9C al Universit\u0103\u021bii Politehnica Timi\u0219oara \u0219i Centrul\nTei al Universit\u0103\u021bii Tehnice de Construc\u021bii\nBucure\u0219ti), o cl\u0103dire municipal\u0103 (Centrul de\nAsisten\u021b\u0103 Umanitar\u0103 \u0219i Social\u0103 Nicolina din Ia\u0219i) \u0219i\ndou\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bi reziden\u021biale (M11 din Gala\u021bi \u0219i\nAsocia\u021bia \"Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan cel Nou\" din\nSuceava)\u2014acoper\u0103 diverse elemente specifice\nfiec\u0103rei loca\u021bii. Constat\u0103rile cheie, detaliate \u00een fi\u0219e\nindividuale, eviden\u021biaz\u0103 diferen\u021be \u00een ceea ce\nprive\u0219te durabilitatea capacit\u0103\u021bii de cazare,\nnevoile de infrastructur\u0103, accesibilitate \u0219i\nprovoc\u0103rile legate de finan\u021bare.\n\n\u00cen timp ce centrul din Suceava nu mai g\u0103zduie\u0219te\nrefugia\u021bi \u00een prezent \u0219i centrul din Timi\u0219oara nu are\ncapacitatea de a primi noi beneficiari, alte centre\nse confrunt\u0103 cu incertitudini privind continuarea\nsprijinului pentru cazare, din cauza problemelor\nde finan\u021bare. Din punct de vedere al\ninfrastructurii, repara\u021bii moderate sunt necesare \u00een\nTimi\u0219oara \u0219i Ia\u0219i, \u00een timp ce centrul din Bucure\u0219ti\n\n\n\nse confrunt\u0103 cu probleme mai grave, precum\nventila\u021bia deficitar\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lzirea inadecvat\u0103.\nAccesul la servicii de s\u0103n\u0103tate este, \u00een general,\ndisponibil, dar lipse\u0219te \u00eengrijirea specializat\u0103.\nCondi\u021biile variaz\u0103, iar lipsa buc\u0103t\u0103riilor \u00een unele\ncentre adaug\u0103 presiuni suplimentare asupra\nreziden\u021bilor pentru procurarea hranei.\n\nNevoia pentru articole nealimentare r\u0103m\u00e2ne\nconstant\u0103, \u00een special pentru \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte \u0219i\nproduse de igien\u0103, iar centrele depind \u00eentr-o\nmare m\u0103sur\u0103 de sprijinul extern pentru a\nsatisface aceste cerin\u021be. Serviciile de protec\u021bie\nsunt cuprinz\u0103toare \u00een anumite loca\u021bii, cu unele\norganiza\u021bii din teritoriu care completeaz\u0103\nactivitatea autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale \u00een domeniile\nprotec\u021biei copilului, violen\u021bei pe baze de gen \u0219i\ns\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii mentale, \u00eens\u0103 exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 lacune.\nSuportul de comunicare pentru reziden\u021bi include\ncursuri limitate de limb\u0103 \u0219i servicii de informare,\nprecum \u0219i unele servicii de interpretariat.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\nInforma\u021bii suplimentare despre condi\u021biile \u0219i facilit\u0103\u021bile din fiecare dintre centrele colective evaluate pot fi\naccesate \u00een fi\u0219ele individuale de prezentare \u00eenso\u021bitoare.\n\n\n**6** \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 4 noiembrie, c\u0103minul UTCB pentru g\u0103zduirea refugia\u021bilor s-a \u00eenchis oficial din cauza planurilor de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 ale universit\u0103\u021bii de a\nreabilita \u00eentreaga cl\u0103dire. UNHCR, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu autorit\u0103\u021bile locale \u0219i ONG-urile locale, a oferit sprijin pentru relocarea refugia\u021bilor g\u0103zdui\u021bi \u00een UTCB.\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n## Principalele Constat\u0103ri\n\n\n\nPrezentarea general\u0103 a datelor celor cinci\ncentre colective evaluate ofer\u0103 indicii cu\nprivire la existen\u021ba unor provoc\u0103ri\ncomune cu care se confrunt\u0103 toate aceste\nloca\u021bii, \u00een timp ce, totodat\u0103, dezv\u0103luie\nnevoile specifice identificate \u00een fiecare\ndintre centre.\n##### **Finan\u021bare Nesigur\u0103**\n\n\nViabilitatea pe termen lung a centrelor colective\neste pus\u0103 \u00een pericol de insuficien\u021ba \u0219i instabilitatea\nsurselor de finan\u021bare. Aceste centre depind \u00een\nprincipal de sprijinul financiar guvernamental sau\nmunicipal care sunt temporare, ceea ce le face\nsusceptibile la \u00eentreruperi ale serviciilor sau chiar\n\u00eenchideri atunci c\u00e2nd ini\u021biativele de finan\u021bare se\n\u00eencheie. Lipsa unei finan\u021b\u0103ri constante \u0219i fiabile nu\ndoar c\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 continuitatea opera\u021bional\u0103, dar\n\u0219i compromite calitatea \u00eengrijirii \u0219i a serviciilor\noferite refugia\u021bilor.\n##### **Dependen\u021ba de Resurse**\n\n\nDatele indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 centrele colective depind\n\u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de actori externi, inclusiv agen\u021bii\nONU \u0219i alte ONG-uri locale \u0219i interna\u021bionale,\npentru furnizarea de produse esen\u021biale, cum ar fi\nalimente, precum \u0219i servicii de baz\u0103. Aceast\u0103\ndependen\u021b\u0103 duce la varia\u021bii \u00een furnizarea de\nservicii, ceea ce submineaz\u0103 stabilitatea \u0219i\nfiabilitatea sistemelor de suport pentru refugia\u021bi.\n\n##### **Planificare pe Termen Lung \u0219i** **Preg\u0103tire pentru Situa\u021bii de** **Urgen\u021b\u0103**\n\n\nExist\u0103 o nevoie urgent\u0103 de planificare proactiv\u0103\npe termen lung din partea actorilor relevan\u021bi\npentru a se preg\u0103ti pentru crizele viitoare. De\nexemplu, aceasta presupune stabilirea unor\nstrategii pentru a extinde rapid opera\u021biunile, \u00een\nspecial \u00een domeniul ad\u0103posturilor pe termen lung,\nca r\u0103spuns la cre\u0219terea popula\u021biei de refugia\u021bi sau\nla dezastre naturale.\n\n\n##### **Formare Suplimentar\u0103 pentru** **Personal**\n\nMulte dintre centre se confrunt\u0103 cu o lips\u0103 de personal\nspecializat \u00een a aborda nevoile specifice ale refugia\u021bilor.\nDe exemplu, \u00een Timi\u0219oara, personalul universitar nu\neste instruit \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te standardele de\ncomportament \u0219i munca \u00een domeniul umanitar.\nAceast\u0103 lips\u0103 de competen\u021be poate avea un impact\nnegativ asupra \u00eengrijirii oferite, mai ales \u00een cazul\ngrupurilor vulnerabile, precum copiii, v\u00e2rstnicii \u0219i\npersoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi.\n##### **Restric\u021bii de Spa\u021biu \u00een Facilit\u0103\u021bi cu** **Utilizare Dubl\u0103**\n\n\nCentrele din Timi\u0219oara \u0219i Bucure\u0219ti, cu destina\u021bie de\nc\u0103mine universitare, se confrunt\u0103 cu restric\u021bii\nsemnificative de spa\u021biu atunci c\u00e2nd sunt reconfigurate\npentru cazare de urgen\u021b\u0103. Aceste facilit\u0103\u021bi sunt mai\npotrivite pentru utilizare pe termen scurt, deoarece\nprioritatea lor r\u0103m\u00e2ne satisfacerea nevoilor de cazare\npentru studen\u021bi.\n##### **Necesitatea pentru Accesibilitate** **\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i Servicii Specializate**\n\n\nMajoritatea centrelor se confrunt\u0103 cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a\ng\u0103zdui corespunz\u0103tor persoanele cu nevoi speciale,\ncum ar fi cele cu probleme de mobilitate sau cu\nprobleme mentale severe, av\u00e2nd doar resurse limitate\npentru reziden\u021bii cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103\naceste centre sprijin\u0103 \u00een principal persoane cu un grad\nridicat de vulnerabilitate, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea accesibilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i\ndisponibilit\u0103\u021bii serviciilor specializate este esen\u021bial\u0103\npentru a r\u0103spunde adecvat nevoilor acestora.\n##### **Deficien\u021be Structurale**\n\n\nMai multe centre, inclusiv cele din Ia\u0219i \u0219i Bucure\u0219ti, se\nconfrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103ri semnificative de infrastructur\u0103,\ncum ar fi sisteme electrice defecte, mucegai, facilit\u0103\u021bi\nsanitare inadecvate pentru persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i\ncondi\u021bii generale deteriorate. Aceste probleme\nstructurale pun \u00een pericol s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i siguran\u021ba\nreziden\u021bilor \u0219i necesit\u0103 interven\u021bii urgente pentru\nremediere.\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n## Recomand\u0103ri \u0219i Concluzii\n\n\n\nConcluziile acestei ini\u021biative, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu\nevalu\u0103rile conexe, arat\u0103 c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia\ndispune de solu\u021bii limitate pentru cazarea\npe termen lung a grupurilor vulnerabile \u0219i\nc\u0103 niciunul dintre centrele evaluate nu\npoate \u00eendeplini aceast\u0103 func\u021bie \u00een starea\nlor actual\u0103. Recomand\u0103rile de mai jos\nsunt menite s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 at\u00e2t\ncentrele de cazare colectiv\u0103 existente,\nc\u00e2t \u0219i pe cele viitoare, pentru a r\u0103spunde\nnevoilor tuturor persoanelor str\u0103mutate,\ninclusiv comunit\u0103\u021bilor rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u00een caz de\nsitua\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103.\n\n##### **1. Finan\u021bare Sustenabil\u0103**\n\n\nAsigurarea unor surse de finan\u021bare diverse \u0219i\ncontinue este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru men\u021binerea\nstabilit\u0103\u021bii opera\u021bionale \u0219i evitarea \u00eentreruperilor\ncauzate de programele guvernamentale pe\ntermen scurt. Aceasta va permite centrelor de\ncazare colectiv\u0103 s\u0103 fie adaptabile \u0219i receptive \u00een\ncaz de urgen\u021b\u0103. Acest lucru poate fi realizat prin\nstimularea parteneriatelor \u00eentre municipalit\u0103\u021bi,\nONG-uri \u0219i sectorul privat pentru a extinde\nsuportul financiar, a\u0219a cum este exemplificat de\nUTCB (Bucure\u0219ti), care beneficiaz\u0103 de o\ncombina\u021bie de finan\u021bare guvernamental\u0103 \u0219i din\npartea ONG-urilor.\n\n###### **Bune Practici:**\n\n\u00cen Germania, **programele de sponsorizare7**\ncomunitar\u0103 combin\u0103 str\u00e2ngerea de fonduri\nla nivel local \u0219i sprijinul corporativ,\ndemonstr\u00e2nd un model durabil pe care\nRom\u00e2nia ar putea s\u0103-l adopte.\n\n\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, resursele din sectorul privat au\nfost mobilizate pentru a crea solu\u021bii de\nlocuin\u021be tranzitorii pentru refugia\u021bi prin\n\n\n\nparteneriate cu municipalit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i afaceri din\nzonele cu cerere mare. Aceast\u0103 abordare\ncolaborativ\u0103 a vizat reutilizarea de cl\u0103diri\nprivate \u0219i facilit\u0103\u021bi hoteliere pentru a caza\npersoane str\u0103mutate din cauza conflictului\ndin Ucraina, \u00eens\u0103 aceast\u0103 abordare poate fi\nreplicat\u0103 \u00een viitor \u0219i pentru alte tipuri de\nsitua\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103.\n\n##### **2. Men\u021binerea Infrastructurii** **\u0219i Facilit\u0103\u021bilor**\n\n\nTrebuie identificate cl\u0103diri adecvate pentru\ncentre de cazare, care s\u0103 fie solide structural, s\u0103\ndispun\u0103 de utilit\u0103\u021bi func\u021bionale (ex. \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u0219i\ninstala\u021bii sanitare) \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 protocoale de\nsiguran\u021b\u0103 adecvate. Problemele structurale \u0219i de\nsiguran\u021b\u0103 trebuie rezolvate \u00een centrele precum\nUTCB (Bucure\u0219ti) \u0219i Ia\u0219i, care se confrunt\u0103 cu\nprovoc\u0103ri semnificative, inclusiv \u00eenc\u0103lzire,\nventila\u021bie \u0219i instala\u021bii sanitare inadecvate. Este\nimportant ca num\u0103rul de facilit\u0103\u021bi WASH (Ap\u0103,\nSalubritate \u0219i Igien\u0103) s\u0103 fie corespunz\u0103tor\ncapacit\u0103\u021bii centrului, iar acestea s\u0103 includ\u0103\ntoalete \u0219i du\u0219uri private, cu u\u0219i care se pot\n\u00eencuia. Repara\u021biile conexe ar trebui s\u0103 fie\n\u00eentotdeauna prioritizate pentru a asigura condi\u021bii\nde via\u021b\u0103 sigure \u0219i confortabile.\n\n##### **3. Extinderea \u0219i \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea** **Accesului la Servicii**\n\n\nAccesul fiabil la servicii de protec\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate\ntrebuie s\u0103 fie asigurat, \u00een special pentru grupurile\nvulnerabile, cum ar fi persoanele cu nevoi\nspeciale. Acest lucru poate fi realizat prin\nstabilirea de servicii de baz\u0103 interne \u0219i\nmecanisme de recomandare c\u0103tre furnizori de\nservicii externe, ax\u00e2ndu-se pe persoane\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n**7** https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Forschung/Forschungsberichte/fb44-evaluation-nest.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n\n\nv\u00e2rstnice, persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i persoane\ncare necesit\u0103 \u00eengrijire mental\u0103. Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 fie\ninstalate facilit\u0103\u021bi de g\u0103tit, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t reziden\u021bii s\u0103\n\u00ee\u0219i poat\u0103 satisface nevoile nutri\u021bionale de baz\u0103\nf\u0103r\u0103 a depinde excesiv de sursele externe de\nhran\u0103, ceea ce le-ar \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi bun\u0103starea \u0219i\nautonomia.\n\n###### **Bune Practici:**\n\nCrucea Ro\u0219ie Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a lansat ini\u021biativa\n**Caravana de S\u0103n\u0103tate**, oferind servicii\nmedicale mobile esen\u021biale \u00een zonele rurale\ndin Rom\u00e2nia, inclusiv \u00een centrele de cazare\npentru refugia\u021bi ucraineni, sprijinind at\u00e2t\ncomunit\u0103\u021bile gazd\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe cele de refugia\u021bi.\nProiectul a utilizat cabinete medicale mobile\ncomplet echipate, cu o echip\u0103 de medici,\nasistente \u0219i voluntari.\n\n\u00cen Gala\u021bi, autorit\u0103\u021bile locale au desemnat\npersonal medical la fa\u021ba locului pentru a oferi\nservicii de \u00eengrijire medical\u0103 de baz\u0103 gratuite\n\u0219i constante direct reziden\u021bilor refugia\u021bi de la\nM11. Oferirea de servicii medicale direct \u00een\ncentre \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te accesul la \u00eengrijire\nmedical\u0103, \u00een special pentru persoanele\nvulnerabile care se confrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103ri\nlogistice sau financiare \u00een a c\u0103uta ajutor\nmedical.\n\nUnele centre de refugia\u021bi din Germania8 au\ncreat **gr\u0103dini comunitare** unde refugia\u021bii pot\ncre\u0219te propriile alimente, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu **cursuri**\n**de g\u0103tit**, nutri\u021bie \u0219i autosuficien\u021b\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia\nar putea implementa programe similare\npentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi securitatea alimentar\u0103 \u0219i\npentru a crea oportunit\u0103\u021bi de socializare\ncomunitar\u0103.\n\n##### **4. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea Implic\u0103rii** **Comunit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a Extinderii** **Capacit\u0103\u021bii**\n\n\nPentru a spori rezilien\u021ba centrelor colective, ar\ntrebui depuse eforturi pentru a le integra mai\nbine \u00een comunitate. Acest lucru se poate realiza\n\n\n\nprin cre\u0219terea implic\u0103rii autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale \u00een\ngestionarea centrelor, pentru a se asigura c\u0103\nacestea servesc drept huburi de resurse at\u00e2t\npentru persoanele str\u0103mutate, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru\npopula\u021biile locale. Mecanismele de coordonare\nlocal\u0103 pot c\u0103uta s\u0103 implementeze, dac\u0103 nu au\nfost deja realizate, planuri locale de r\u0103spuns la\nurgen\u021b\u0103 care includ scalarea capacit\u0103\u021bii \u00een caz de\nurgen\u021b\u0103.\n\n###### **Bune Practici:**\n\nCentrele comunitare, precum Centrul\nNicolina din Ia\u0219i, au \u00eencercat s\u0103 promoveze\ncoeziunea social\u0103 prin organizarea de\nactivit\u0103\u021bi comune pentru refugia\u021bii ucraineni\n\u0219i reziden\u021bii rom\u00e2ni, promov\u00e2nd \u00een\u021belegerea\nreciproc\u0103 \u0219i integrarea.\n\n\u00cen Barcelona, Spania9, centrele de refugia\u021bi\nsunt concepute ca huburi de resurse\ncomunitare, oferind cursuri de limb\u0103,\nformare profesional\u0103 \u0219i asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103\nat\u00e2t refugia\u021bilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i reziden\u021bilor locali.\nCentre similare \u0219i/sau huburi de servicii\nexist\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, precum Centrul\nNicolina din Ia\u0219i, Centrul Comunitar Malva \u0219i\nhubul integrat de servicii RomExpo din\nBucure\u0219ti, Centrul Katya din Bra\u0219ov \u0219i Casa\nUcrainei din Cluj, \u00eens\u0103 acestea nu sunt\n\u00eentotdeauna localizate \u00een zonele unde se afl\u0103\npersoanele str\u0103mutate sau unde sunt u\u0219or\naccesibile pentru refugia\u021bi, \u0219i unde\nactivit\u0103\u021bile lor au poten\u021bialul de a se adresa\nunor categorii mai mari de popula\u021bie.\n\n##### **5. Consolidarea Serviciilor de** **Comunicare \u0219i Limb\u0103**\n\n\n\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea serviciilor de comunicare \u0219i limb\u0103\neste esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru ca popula\u021biile vulnerabile\ns\u0103 poat\u0103 accesa informa\u021biile \u0219i s\u0103 se integreze\neficient. Oferirea de cursuri de limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i\nenglez\u0103 \u00een centrele colective, \u00een parteneriat cu\ninstitu\u021bii locale de limbi str\u0103ine, sprijin\u0103\nintegrarea reziden\u021bilor \u0219i le faciliteaz\u0103 accesul la\nservicii.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n**8** Welcoming International: Creating a World Where Everyone Feels at Home. https://welcominginternational.org/\n**9** https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/dretsidiversitat/en/noticia/how-to-help-refugees-from-ukraine-2_1151973.\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n\n\nDe asemenea, prezen\u021ba personalului care\nvorbe\u0219te limbile grupurilor g\u0103zduite \u0219i dispunerea\nde instrumente de traducere pot ajuta la\nrezolvarea acestei nevoi.\n\n###### **Bune Practici:**\n\nAutorit\u0103\u021bile locale din Rom\u00e2nia au dezvoltat\nun sistem puternic de colaborare \u0219i\ncoordonare cu agen\u021biile ONU \u0219i ONG-uri\npentru a se asigura c\u0103 refugia\u021bii din Ucraina\nprimesc informa\u021bii clare \u0219i precise despre\ndrepturile lor, servicii \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi\ndisponibile, un proces ce poate fi continuat\n\u00een viitor. Acest lucru a fost sus\u021binut \u0219i prin\ndesemnarea de personal din ONG-uri\npentru a lucra direct al\u0103turi de ace\u0219tia.\nAceast\u0103 colaborare \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te accesul la\nserviciile locale, ofer\u0103 asisten\u021b\u0103 de traducere\n\u0219i sprijin\u0103 livrarea unui ajutor esen\u021bial. De\nasemenea, mai multe centre au colaborat cu\n\u0219coli locale de limbi str\u0103ine \u0219i ONG-uri\npentru a oferi cursuri de limba rom\u00e2n\u0103\ndirect \u00een centre, ajut\u00e2ndu-i pe to\u021bi reziden\u021bii\n\u00een procesul de integrare.\n\n##### **6. Extinderea Implic\u0103rii** **Voluntarilor \u0219i ONG-urilor**\n\n\nImplicarea ONG-urilor este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a\ncompleta furnizarea serviciilor, \u00een special \u00een\ndomenii specializate, cum ar fi s\u0103n\u0103tatea mental\u0103,\nasisten\u021ba juridic\u0103 \u0219i educa\u021bia. Formarea\npersonalului ONG-urilor \u0219i a voluntarilor \u00een\nr\u0103spunsul la urgen\u021be \u0219i \u00een munca umanitar\u0103\nasigur\u0103 preg\u0103tirea acestora pentru a sprijini\neficient popula\u021biile vulnerabile. Form\u0103rile pot fi\nsus\u021binute de institu\u021bii publice locale (ex. DGASPC,\nDGAS), agen\u021bii ONU \u0219i ONG-uri.\n\n###### **Bune Practici:**\n\n\u00cen Belgia, **re\u021bele puternice de voluntari** 10\nconecteaz\u0103 refugia\u021bii cu mentori locali,\noferindu-le sprijin practic \u0219i facilit\u00e2nd\nintegrarea. Rom\u00e2nia ar putea crea re\u021bele\n\n\n\nsimilare pentru a sprijini integrarea social\u0103 a\nrefugia\u021bilor \u0219i a altor grupuri vulnerabile.\n\n##### **7. Planificare pe Termen Lung** **\u0219i Sustenabilitate**\n\n\nAv\u00e2nd \u00een vedere starea actual\u0103 a centrelor\ncolective de cazare evaluate, sunt necesare\nsolu\u021bii politice pe termen lung pentru a asigura\nc\u0103 acestea pot servi ca op\u021biuni fiabile de cazare\nde urgen\u021b\u0103 dincolo de r\u0103spunsurile la crize pe\ntermen scurt. Advocacy-ul poate sus\u021bine\nutilizarea flexibil\u0103 a centrelor colective \u0219i \u00een afara\nsitua\u021biilor de criz\u0103, maximiz\u00e2nd astfel\nsustenabilitatea acestora. Planificarea pe termen\nlung trebuie s\u0103 includ\u0103 m\u0103suri pentru\nacomodarea viitoarelor fluxuri de refugia\u021bi sau\nalte grupuri vulnerabile, asigur\u00e2nd\ndisponibilitatea resurselor necesare.\n\n\n\n**10** Community Sponsorship, Fedasil. https://fedasil.be/en/resettlement/community-sponsorship.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMAND\u0102RI PENTRU CENTRELE DE CAZARE DURABILE DIN ROM\u00c2NIA\n\n## Observa\u021bii finale\n\n\n\nEvaluarea celor cinci centre colective din Rom\u00e2nia\neviden\u021biaz\u0103 provoc\u0103ri majore \u00een cazarea\nrefugia\u021bilor ucraineni \u0219i subliniaz\u0103 rolul esen\u021bial al\nacestor centre, at\u00e2t \u00een criza actual\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een\ngestionarea viitoarelor situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103. De\u0219i\nofer\u0103 ad\u0103post \u0219i servicii esen\u021biale, aceste centre\nse confrunt\u0103 cu finan\u021bare insuficient\u0103 \u0219i probleme\nstructurale, afect\u00e2ndu-le sustenabilitatea. Un\nangajament ferm este necesar pentru finan\u021bare\ndurabil\u0103, modernizarea infrastructurii \u0219i\nconsolidarea serviciilor, asigur\u00e2nd astfel un\nr\u0103spuns eficient \u00een situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103. Implicarea\ncomunit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 coordonare \u00eentre actori\nvor asigura un mediu de sprijin adaptat nevoilor\nreziden\u021bilor, facilit\u00e2nd integrarea lor pe termen\nlung. Centrele colective sunt esen\u021biale at\u00e2t pentru\nsprijinul imediat al popula\u021biilor vulnerabile, c\u00e2t \u0219i\npentru gestionarea viitoarelor crize, necesit\u00e2nd o\nabordare coordonat\u0103 \u00eentre autorit\u0103\u021bi, ONU,\nONG-uri \u0219i societatea civil\u0103.\n\n\n\nCentrele colective pot fi folosite \u0219i \u00een afara\ncrizelor pentru sprijinirea comunit\u0103\u021bilor locale\nprin servicii \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi comunitare. Aceast\u0103\nfunc\u021bionalitate dual\u0103 ar asigura men\u021binerea\nopera\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i adaptabilit\u0103\u021bii lor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t\ns\u0103 fie preg\u0103tite pentru utilizare \u00een caz de urgen\u021b\u0103,\ndar \u0219i s\u0103 aduc\u0103 beneficii comunit\u0103\u021bii locale.\nConsolidarea parteneriatelor \u0219i aplicarea bunelor\npractici pot ajuta Rom\u00e2nia s\u0103 creeze un model\ndurabil pentru incluziunea \u0219i rezilien\u021ba grupurilor\nvulnerabile.\n\n\n\nPentru informa\u021bii suplimentare, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 va adresa\u021bi: **rombuim@unhcr.org.**\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n\nUNHCR / CSCM / Decembrie 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **RECOMAND\u0102RI** **PENTRU CENTRELE** **DE CAZARE** **DURABILE DIN** **ROM\u00c2NIA**\n\n###### Acest raport a fost preg\u0103tit de Alexandra Porumbescu, Andriana Co\u0219ciug \u0219i Anatolie Co\u0219ciug @ CSCM. **Contacta\u021bi-ne:** UNHCR Representation in Romania Information Management Unit e-mail: rombuim@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6e03f92f-7ca9-4d45-9f6b-6606a905798e/Recomand%C4%83ri%20pentru%20Centrele%20de%20Cazare%20Durabile%20din%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_597/raw/doc_597_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_597/raw/doc_597_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 52c79b518a3305c656466eaee6eb91d315dda7a5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_597/raw/doc_597_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **RECOMMENDATIONS** **FOR SUSTAINABLE** **ACCOMMODATION** **CENTRES IN** **ROMANIA**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n## Executive Summary\n\n\n\nFollowing the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by\nthe Russian Federation that began on February\n24, 2022, over 175,000 refugees from Ukraine\nregistered for Temporary Protection in Romania1.\nIn response, the Government of Romania has\nprovided a housing support through various\nprogrammes ensuring the basic needs of refugees\nfrom Ukraine are met, initially through the 50/20\nProgramme (Emergency Ordinance no. 15/2022)\nand then with the transition to established\nprogrammes on 1 May 2023 that differentiated\nlump-sum allowances for holders of temporary\nprotection to cover accommodation and food\ncosts2. On 28 June 2024, a new ordinance3,\nEO No. 96/2024, was adopted, introducing\ntemporary housing support for newly arrived\nrefugees for three to four months and removing\nlegal barriers preventing access to social\nprotection services. Refugees who received\ntemporary protection before July 1, 2024, are\nentitled to social benefits, including child\nallowances and unemployment benefits, while\nthose receiving temporary protection after that\ndate would have access to a one-time,\nfour-month lump-sum allowance before\ntransitioning to the said benefits.\n\n\n\nWhile these programmes aim to support basic\nneeds, findings from the several assessments\nconducted in the past years reveal persistent\nhousing challenges, underscoring the growing\nfinancial strain and increased reliance on\ncollective centres. Thus, the 2023 Multi-Sector\nNeeds Assessment (MSNA)4 and the 2024 Social\nand Economic Insights Survey (SEIS)5 reveal\nsignificant trends and challenges faced by\nUkrainian refugees in Romania regarding the\nhousing situation. In 2023, 4% of refugees lived\nin collective centres, with an additional 8%\nsharing housing or residing in hotels or hostels.\nBy 2024, the percentage of refugees living in\ncollective centres increased to 7%, though the\nmajority (93%) continued to live independently.\nA marked change occurred in refugees' ability to\ncover housing costs. In 2023, 78% could manage\nrent and utilities though many were benefiting\nfrom financial aid from NGOs or government\nprogrammes. However, by 2024, only 56% of\nhouseholds could pay these expenses on time,\nwith 43% facing significant financial difficulties,\nleading to delays in housing or utility payments.\nAdditionally, 14% of refugees found these\npayments especially challenging, reflecting a\ndeteriorating economic situation and suggesting\na potential increase in demand for collective\naccommodation centres soon.\n\n\n\n**1** [https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine/location/10782.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine/location/10782)\n**2** For the first four months, a single person received 750 lei/month, while families received 2,000 lei/month, alongside 600 lei/month per person for\nfood. From the fifth month until the end of 2023, the accommodation allowances remained the same. The eligibility requirements changed\nprogressively, with initial minimal conditions, but by the fifth month, refugees needed to be employed, and children had to be enrolled in school.\n**3** [https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/288970.](https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/288970)\n**4** [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107642.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107642)\n**5** The data for the 2024 SEIS has been collected and analysed, the report is due for publishing in the following period.\n\n\n1 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n\n\nAccommodation assistance remains a critical area\nof intervention for new arrivals but also for those\nfacing challenges in becoming self-reliant,\nparticularly more vulnerable refugees, such as\npersons with disabilities or older persons with\nchronic medical conditions. The Department for\nEmergency Situations (DSU) within the Ministry\nof Internal Affairs, and UNHCR, the UN Refugee\nAgency, together with the support of the national\nand local authorities, other UN agencies, civil\nsociety and other actors aim to develop\nsustainable solutions for the medium to\nlong-term accommodation for the most\nvulnerable refugees from Ukraine, while also\nextending capacity to accommodate a potential\nnew influx of displaced people or respond to\nother emergencies that require temporary\nhousing for persons affected (e.g. natural\nhazards), while fostering local capacity for social\nand protection services and enhancing civic\nparticipation.\n\n\nMap 1 | **Collective Sites**\n\n\n\nIn this context, the 2024 collective\naccommodation centres assessment initiative\nfocused on identifying collective centres that\ncould potentially be used for longer-term\naccommodation solutions while also drawing\nfrom best practices established in these centres.\nAs many collective centres had closed when the\nexercise was launched, ultimately five refugee\ncollective centres in locations across Romania\nwith a significant refugee population and diverse\nneeds participated. This paper presents a\nsummary of the aggregated findings from the\nassessments conducted at the collective centres\nlocated in Bucharest, Iasi, Galati, Suceava, and\nTimi\u0219oara. The DSU and UNHCR, in\ncollaboration with its county-level inspectorates\n(ISU), developed a site assessment tool to\nmonitor the centres\u2019 operational status and\nneeds, enabling data-driven decisions for future,\nlonger-term accommodation solutions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 collective\naccommodation centres assessment initiative", - "confidence": 0.5869954824447632, - "start": 170, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Romania", - "confidence": 0.6159631609916687, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8928187489509583, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.84778892993927, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\ncollective centres", - "confidence": 0.857391893863678, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n\n\nThe paper underscores the need to address\nshortcomings in these centres and provides\nrecommendations to improve both short-term\nconditions and long-term sustainability in the\ncase of future emergencies (influx of refugees,\nnatural disasters, etc.) while further involvement\nof the local authorities in the management of\nthese collective centres would contribute to\nbecoming useful resources not only for refugees\nand newcomers, but also for other vulnerable\ngroups. In parallel, these centres can serve as\ncommunity and service hubs, fostering volunteer\nactivities and services for all.\n\n\n\nNot the least, this document can serve as a\ncrucial tool for local authorities to advocate for\nresources, apply for funding programmes, attract\ndonations, and inform future government\ndecisions regarding accommodation and support\nfor refugees. The insights gained from this\nassessment can also shape responses to future\ncrises, providing a strategic framework for local\ngovernments, international organizations, and\nNGOs working to meet the evolving needs of\ndisplaced populations and their host\ncommunities.\n\n\n## Collective Centres\n\n\n\nThe assessment of the five refugee collective\ncentres in Romania\u2014two university dormitories\n(C\u0103minul 9C Universitatea Politehnica Timi\u0219oara\nand Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 de Construc\u021bii\nBucure\u0219ti - UTCB Tei Center in Bucharest), one\nmunicipality building (Centrul de Asisten\u021b\u0103\nUmanitar\u0103 \u0219i Social\u0103 Nicolina \u00een Ia\u0219i), and two\nresidential facilities (M11 in Gala\u021bi and\nAssociation \"Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan cel Nou\" in\nSuceava)\u2014covers various elements specific to\neach location. Key findings, detailed in individual\nfactsheets, highlight variations in housing\nstability, infrastructure needs, accessibility, and\nfunding challenges.\n\nWhile Suceava\u2019s centre currently does not host\nrefugees and Timisoara lacks capacity for future\nintake, other centres face uncertainty in their\ncontinuation of providing shelter due to funding\nissues6. In terms of infrastructure, moderate\nrepairs are needed in Timi\u0219oara and Ia\u0219i, while\n\n\n\nmore serious issues such as inadequate\nventilation and heating affect the Bucharest\ncentre. Health service access is generally\navailable but lacks specialized care, and\nsanitation varies, with shared facilities raising\nprivacy concerns in more crowded centres. Food\nprovision is no longer available in any of the\ncentres, and some are not equipped with\nkitchens, adding pressure on residents to source\nfood from local markets. The need for non-food\nitems is ongoing, particularly for clothing and\nhygiene supplies, and the centres rely heavily on\nsupport to meet these demands. Protection\nservices are comprehensive in some locations\nwith some local organizations complementing\nthe work of the local authorities in the areas of\nchild protection, gender-based violence, and\nmental health, but gaps persist. Communication\nsupport for residents includes limited language\ncourses and information services, and some\ninterpretation services.\n\n\n\nFurther information on the conditions and facilities in each of the assessed collective centres can be\naccessed in the accompanying individual factsheets.\n\n\n**6** As of 4 November, UTCB\u2019s dormitory for hosting refugees officially closed due to the University\u2019s long-standing plans to rehabilitate the entire\nbuilding. UNHCR, together with the local authorities and local NGOs, assisted accommodated refugees in UTCB with relocation support.\n\n\n3 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n## Main findings\n\n\n\nThe data overview of the five collective\ncentres assessed offers indication of the\nexistence of common challenges faced by\nall these locations, while, at the same\ntime, revealing the specific needs\nidentified in each of the centres.\n#### **Insecure Funding**\n\n\nThe long-term viability of the collective centres is\njeopardized by insufficient and unstable funding\nsources. These centres predominantly rely on\ntemporary governmental or municipal financial\nsupport, making them susceptible to disruptions\nin services or even closure when funding\ninitiatives end. The lack of consistent and reliable\nfunding not only affects operational continuity\nbut also compromises the quality of care and\nservices provided to refugees.\n#### **Dependence on External** **Resources**\n\n\nData indicates the collective centres\npredominantly depend on external actors,\nincluding UN agencies and NGOs, for critical\nsupplies like food and non-food items, as well as\nessential services. This reliance leads to variations\nin service delivery, which undermines the stability\nand reliability of support systems for refugees.\n#### **Long-term Planning and** **Emergency Preparedness**\n\n\nThere is an urgent need for proactive long-term\nplanning by the relevant stakeholders to prepare\nfor future crises. This involves establishing\nstrategies to quickly scale up operations,\nparticularly in longer-term shelter, in response to\nincreases in refugee populations or natural\nhazards, for example.\n\n\n#### **Further Training for Staff**\n\nMany of the centres are facing a shortage of\npersonnel specifically trained to address the\nspecific needs of refugees. For instance, in\nTimi\u0219oara, the university staff is not trained on\nstandards of conduct and humanitarian response\nwork. This skill gap can detract from the quality of\ncare provided, especially for vulnerable groups,\nincluding children, the elderly, and persons with\ndisabilities.\n#### **Space Constraints in** **Dual-Purpose Facilities**\n\n\nCentres such as those in Timisoara and Bucharest,\nintended as university dormitories, face significant\nspace constraints when repurposed for\nemergency accommodation. These facilities are\nbetter suited for short-term use, as their main\npriority remains serving student housing needs.\n#### **Need for Enhanced Accessibility** **and Specialized Services**\n\n\nMost centres struggle to adequately\naccommodate individuals with special needs, such\nas mobility or severe mental health conditions,\nwith only limited provisions in place for disabled\nresidents. Since these centres primarily support\npersons with high degrees of vulnerabilities,\nenhancing accessibility and availability of\nspecialized services ensures that their needs are\naddressed.\n#### **Structural Deficiencies:**\n\n\nSeveral centres, including those in Iasi and\nBucharest, face significant infrastructural\nchallenges such as faulty electrical systems, mold\ngrowth, inadequate sanitation facilities for\ndisabled individuals, and deteriorating building\nconditions. These structural issues can\ncompromise the health and safety of residents,\nnecessitating immediate attention and repair to\ncreate a safe and supportive environment.\n\n\n\n4 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data overview", - "confidence": 0.6346651315689087, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ROMANIA", - "confidence": 0.7491270899772644, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "collective\ncentres", - "confidence": 0.6510453820228577, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n## Recommendations and Conclusions\n\n\n\nThe findings of this initiative, together\nwith related assessments, indicate that\nthere are limited solutions in Romania to\nprovide long-term accommodation for\nvulnerable groups, and that none of the\ncentres assessed could serve this\npurpose in their current state. The\nfollowing recommendations aim to\nimprove both existing and future\ncollective accommodation centres to\nmeet the needs of all displaced persons,\nincluding Romanian communities\naffected by emergencies.\n#### **1. Sustainable Funding**\n\nSecuring diverse and continuous funding sources\nis essential to maintain operational stability and\navoid disruptions from short-term government\nprograms. This will enable collective\naccommodation centres to be adaptable and\nresponsive in an emergency. This can be done by\nfostering partnerships between municipalities,\nNGOs, and the private sector to expand financial\nsupport, as seen at UTCB (Bucharest), which\nbenefits from a combination of government and\nNGO funding.\n\n##### **Good Practices:**\n\nIn Germany, community sponsorship\nprograms7 integrate local fundraising and\ncorporate support, demonstrating a\nsustainable model that Romania could\nreplicate.\n\nIn Romania, private sector resources have\nbeen mobilized to create transitional\nhousing solutions for refugees by partnering\nwith municipalities and businesses in\nhigh-demand areas. This collaborative\napproach repurposed private apartment\n\n\n\nbuildings and hotel facilities to\naccommodate individuals displaced by the\nconflict in Ukraine, but it can be replicated\nin the future for other types of\nemergencies.\n\n#### **2. Maintain Sound** **Infrastructure and Facilities**\n\nSeek buildings to serve as accommodation\ncentres that are structurally sound, have well\nestablished and functioning utilities (e.g., heating\nand plumbing) and have the necessary safety\nprotocols in place. Address urgent structural\nand safety issues in centres such as UTCB\n(Bucharest) and Iasi, which face significant\nchallenges including inadequate heating,\nventilation, and plumbing. Adequate number of\nWASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) facilities\nin correlation to the centre\u2019s capacity, with\nprivate, lockable toilets and showers should also\nbe ensured. Related repairs should always be\nprioritized to ensure continuous safe and\ncomfortable living conditions.\n#### **3. Expand and Enhance** **Access to Services**\n\n\nReliable access to protection and healthcare\nservices must be ensured, catering to vulnerable\ngroups, particularly those with specialized needs.\nThis can be achieved through establishing\nin-house basic service and referral mechanisms\nto outside service providers, focusing on elderly\npersons, individuals with disabilities, and those\nrequiring mental health care. It is also critical\nthat cooking facilities are installed to ensure\nresidents struggle to meet their basic nutritional\nneeds and become overly dependent on external\nfood sources, which harms their well-being and\ndaily life.\n\n\n\n**7** [https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Forschung/Forschungsberichte/fb44-evaluation-nest.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6](https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Forschung/Forschungsberichte/fb44-evaluation-nest.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6)\n\n\n5 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n\n##### **Good Practices:**\n\nThe Romanian Red Cross launched the Health\nCaravan initiative, providing vital mobile\nmedical services to rural areas across\nRomania, including centres housing Ukrainian\nrefugees, serving both the host and refugee\ncommunities. The project deployed fully\nequipped mobile medical cabinets staffed by a\nteam of doctors, nurses, and volunteers.\n\nIn Gala\u021bi, local authorities assigned on-site\nmedical staff to deliver free, consistent basic\nhealthcare services directly to refugee\nresidents at M11. Bringing medical services\ndirectly to the centres, enhances access to\nhealthcare, particularly for very vulnerable\npersons facing logistical or financial challenges\nin seeking medical assistance.\n\nSome refugee centres in Germany8 have\ncreated community gardens where refugees\ncan grow their own food, paired with cooking\nclasses that teach nutrition and\nself-sufficiency. Romania could implement\nsimilar programs to boost food security and\ncreate opportunities for community bonding.\n\n#### **4. Enhance Community** **Engagement and Capacity**\n\n\nTo enhance the resilience of collective centres,\nefforts should be made to better integrate them\ninto the community. This can be done through\nincreasing the involvement of local authorities in\nthe management of centres to ensure they serve\nas resource hubs for both displaced persons and\nlocal populations. Local coordination mechanisms\nestablished can seek to implement, if not already\ndone, local emergency response plans that\ninclude capacity scaling in case of an emergency.\n\n##### **Good Practices:**\n\nCommunity centres like the Nicolina Center in\nIasi have sought to foster social cohesion by\nhosting joint activities for Ukrainian refugees\nand Romanian residents, promoting mutual\n\n\n**8** [Welcoming International: Creating a World Where Everyone Feels at Home](https://welcominginternational.org/)\n**9** [Help and support for refugees from Ukraine | Ajuntament de Barcelona](https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/dretsidiversitat/en/noticia/how-to-help-refugees-from-ukraine-2_1151973)\n\n\n\nunderstanding and integration.\n\nIn Barcelona, Spain, refugee centres are\ndesigned as community resource hubs,\noffering language classes, job training, and\nlegal support to both refugees and local\nresidents9. Similar community and/or\nservice hubs also exist in Romania, the\nNicolina Center in Iasi, Malva Community\nCenter and RomExpo integrated service hub\nin Bucharest, Katya Center in Brasov and\nthe Ukraine House in Cluj, but they are not\nalways located in areas where forcibly\ndisplaced persons reside or that are easily\naccessible for refugees, and their activities\nhave the potential to address larger\ncategories of population.\n\n#### **5. Strengthen Communication** **and Language Services**\n\n\nImproved communication and language services\nare crucial for vulnerable populations to access\ninformation and integrate effectively. For\nnon-Romanian speakers, offering Romanian and\nEnglish language courses in collective centres in\npartnership with nearby language institutions\nhelps to strengthen their inclusion in the larger\ncommunity and enhances their ability to access\nservices that may be unavailable in their\npreferred language. Additionally, having staff on\nsite that speak the language(s) of the\naccommodated groups and having available\ntranslation tools can also help address this need.\n\n##### **Good Practices:**\n\nLocal authorities in Romania have\ndeveloped a strong system of mutual\ncollaboration and coordination with UN\nagencies and NGOs to ensure that refugees\nfrom Ukraine receive timely and accurate\ninformation about their rights, services, and\navailable opportunities, which is a practice\nthat can be continued in the future. This has\nalso been supported through assigned NGO\n\n\n\n6 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n\n\nstaff to work directly alongside them. This\npartnership improves access to local\nservices, offers translation assistance, and\nenhances the delivery of essential support.\nAdditionally, several centres have partnered\nwith local language schools and NGOs to\noffer Romanian language courses directly\non-site, aiding integration efforts for all\n\n#### **6. Expand Volunteer and** **NGO Involvement**\n\n\nEngaging NGOs is vital for bridging gaps in\nservice provision, particularly in specialized areas\nsuch as mental health, legal support, and\neducation. Training NGO staff and volunteers in\nemergency response and humanitarian work\nensures readiness to support vulnerable\npopulations effectively. These trainings can be\nconducted by different actors, including public\nlocal service providers (e.g. General Directorate\nfor Social Assistance and Child Protection and\nGeneral Directorate for Social Assistance DGAS),\nUN agencies and NGOs.\n\n##### **Good Practices:**\n\nBelgium has developed strong volunteer\nnetworks10 that connect refugees with local\nmentors, who assist with practical needs\nand help them integrate into the\ncommunity. Romania could create similar\nnetworks to enhance social integration of\nrefugees and other vulnerable groups.\n\n\n**10** [https://fedasil.be/en/resettlement/community-sponsorship](https://fedasil.be/en/resettlement/community-sponsorship)\n\n\n#### **7. Long-term Planning and** **Sustainability**\n\nGiven the current state of the collective\naccommodation centres assessed, long-term\npolicy solutions are required to ensure they can\nserve as reliable emergency accommodation\noptions beyond short-term crisis responses.\nAdvocacy can promote the adaptable use of\ncollective centres during non-crisis periods to\nmaximize utility and sustainability and planning\nfor the flexible use of facilities to accommodate\nfuture refugee flows or other vulnerable\npopulations during times of emergency,\nensuring readiness and resource availability.\n\n\n\n7 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN ROMANIA\n\n## Concluding Remarks\n\n\n\nThe assessment of the five refugee collective\ncentres in Romania highlights current significant\nchallenges and needs in accommodating refugees\nfrom Ukraine, underscoring the essential role\nthese centres play not only in the current refugee\nsituation but also in the face of future\nhumanitarian crises or natural hazards. Despite\ntheir importance in offering shelter and essential\nservices, issues particularly related to inadequate\nfunding and structural faults, diminish their\noverall suitability and sustainability. Substantial\ncommitment to secure sustainable funding,\nimprove infrastructure, and enhance service\ndelivery are essential to ensure the successful\nestablishment of a collective accommodation\ncentre for emergency purposes. Efforts to\ncontinue engaging local communities and\nstrengthening coordination among stakeholders\nwill be key to creating a supportive environment\nthat meets residents' diverse needs and promotes\ntheir long-term inclusion and integration\nprospects into Romanian society. These centres\nnot only address the immediate needs of\nvulnerable populations but also serve as vital\nresources for future crises, requiring a\ncoordinated approach involving government\nauthorities, UN agencies, NGOs, and local\ncommunities.\n\n\n\nIn addition to their current role, the collective\ncentres hold potential for broader use, including\nserving local vulnerable populations during\nnon-crisis periods through service provision,\nspaces for community activities and other\nactivities. This dual functionality would ensure\nthat the centres remain operational and\nadaptable, ready for emergency use while also\nbenefiting the local community. Through\nstrengthening partnerships and learning from\nbest practices, Romania can create a sustainable\nmodel that supports both inclusion and\nlong-term resilience for all vulnerable\npopulations.\n\n\n\nFor further information, please reach out to: **[rombuim@unhcr.org.](mailto: rombuim@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n8 UNHCR / CSCM / November, 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **RECOMMENDATIONS** **FOR SUSTAINABLE** **ACCOMMODATION** **CENTRES IN** **ROMANIA**\n\n##### This report was prepared by Alexandra Porumbescu, Andriana Co\u0219ciug & Anatolie Co\u0219ciug @ CSCM. **Contact us:** UNHCR Representation in Romania Information Management Unit e-mail: rombuim@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/28641e3e-04b0-4652-8b12-7a63c9732bc6/Recommendations%20for%20Sustainable%20Accommodation%20Centers%20in%20Romania.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_598/raw/doc_598_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_598/raw/doc_598_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 06c551a1167cf430c78117149e15a43e9fcd0e60..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_598/raw/doc_598_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "PHOTO CREDIT: UNHCR/ Martin Dudek/ 2015\n\n## SYRIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON\n\n\n**REFERRAL CARE AT A GLANCE**\n\n\n**FINAL REPORT JANUARY- DECEMBER 2015**\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - 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"pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/93bed56f-8aca-3015-9aaf-102b252a5197/ReferralcareLebanon2015UNHCR%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_599/raw/doc_599_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_599/raw/doc_599_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9ce26fe0eb2bce427be6d0893ba9180c8e0ae3fc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_599/raw/doc_599_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\n\n**NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n### **Working Paper No. 35**\n\n# **Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00ad** **purposes?**\n\n### **Oliver Bakewell** 54 Ridley Road, Forest Gate, London, E7 0LT United Kingdom e\u00admail: oliver@bakewell.fsnet.co.uk March 2001\n\n\nThese working papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates to publish\nthe preliminary results of their research on refugee\u00adrelated issues. The papers do not represent the official\n[views of UNHCR. They are also available online at ](http://www.unhcr.ch/refworld/pubs/pubon.htm)\n\n\nISSN 1020\u00ad7473\n\n## **Introduction**\n\n\nOver the past decade there has been an ongoing debate about how to reconcile the different priorities of\ndefending basic human rights and providing life\u00adsaving humanitarian aid during complex emergencies. This\ndebate has focused on how the delivery of aid can be (or is always) used to political ends. At the extreme it may\neffectively become a weapon of war as most vividly seen in ongoing conflict in southern Sudan. Many\nhumanitarian aid agencies are increasingly aware of that they must look beyond simplistic responses of offering\naid and consider the wider impact of that aid on the underlying problems. Human rights agencies are also coming\nto a greater recognition that humanitarian aid plays an important role in enabling the full range of human rights to\nbe upheld, for example ensuring access to people under threat (for a useful summary of the current debate see\nMinear and Weiss 2000) .\n\n\nUNHCR has long been at the forefront of such debates as it is a major player in most complex emergencies and it\nhas a dual mandate to provide protection and humanitarian assistance. It has been faced with extremely difficult\nchoices and has been open to much criticism, with varying degrees of justification. Its co\u00adordination of the huge\naid programme for the massive Rwandan refugees camps in Goma, which also acted as the base for the exiled\ngenocidal former government sparked widespread debate as did its support for their eventual forced return in\nDecember 1996 (Pottier 1999) . Its policy of preventative action in countries of origin prior to refugees\u2019 flight to\nenable them to stay, the so\u00adcalled \u2018right to remain,\u2019 in Iraq and the former Yugoslavia has also been challenged\n(Cunliffe and Pugh 1997, Barutciski 1996) . When UNHCR is dealing with states which will not uphold the\nminimum standards of protection for refugees, it continually faces the question of whether it should be involved in\na bad protection option when the alternative is worse (Morris 1997) .\n\n\nIn these debates the focus is on how UNHCR should provide both assistance and protection to refugees from\nexternal threats, often arising from the state of asylum or origin and also, of increasing concern, from non\u00adstate\nactors including factions within the refugee population and local hosts. In this paper, I want to look at a different\naspect of the problem and consider how the two mandates may create internal contradictions within UNHCR: in\nparticular, to consider how the provision of aid may undermine protection and even result in threats to it arising\nfrom UNHCR itself. Likewise, measures required to facilitate the provision of protection can diminish the quality\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 1/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nof the aid provision, particularly from a developmental perspective. The paper arises from field\u00adlevel\nobservations and experience and highlights management practices which can create these difficulties. The focus\nof the discussion here is on refugees in Africa.\n\n\nI do not want to go into detailed analysis of nature of protection here \u2013 there are plenty of others better qualified\nto do that (e.g. Minear 1999, Paul 1999) \u2013 but it is helpful to start with some indication of what is meant by the\nterm. Within UNHCR\u2019s statute the key role of protection is to ensure that the refugees are treated in accordance\nwith the provisions of the international refugee conventions: primarily the UN Convention Relating to the Status\nof Refugees (1951) but also regional conventions such as the Organisation of African Unity Convention\nGoverning the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (1967). For the field, UNHCR\u2019s Handbook for\nEmergencies (1999) summarises the priority aims of international protection in emergencies as being to \u2018ensure\nadmission and at least temporary asylum\u037e prevent forcible return (\u201crefoulement\u201d)\u037e and ensure that refugees are\ntreated in according to basic human rights standards.\u2019\n\n\nI will focus on these aspects of protection in the following discussion. I will draw largely on personal experience,\nparticularly from my research work in Zambia and also experience as a practitioner working as a consultant and\nas NGO staff member. Although the range of examples here may be limited, I have heard similar stories from\nothers and believe that the issues will resonate with those who have experience in other areas. The purpose here\nis to raise questions about current practice and to illustrate how universal assumptions about refugees can lead to\nundesirable results in particular circumstances. Although the tenor of the paper may be critical, it is offered on\nthe basis of my own involvement in humanitarian programmes with refugees and in full recognition of the\ndilemmas they throw up.\n\n\nIn the main body of the paper, I discuss a number of areas in which UNHCR\u2019s dual mandate for providing\nrefugee protection and humanitarian aid can contradict each other. I start by looking at the problems of marking\nout the refugees and then targeting aid towards them, particularly when refugees are being assisted by local hosts\noutside refugee camps. This process tends to cast refugees as the problem to be solved rather than the war and\nmay also result in relief programmes which may undermine development initiatives. I then turn to consider how\nthe priorities of humanitarian aid may create direct clashes with protection aims, especially during registration\nand where refugees suffer abuses in camps funded by UNHCR. In conclusion I tentatively suggest a way that\nsome of these problems may be avoided by differentiating more sharply between UNHCR\u2019s protection and aid\nroles.\n\n## **Patterns of refugee movements in Africa**\n\n\nAs Crisp (2000) observes, by the end of the 1990s there were two main regions of displacement in Africa. One in\nthe west centred around Liberia and Sierra Leone and including Guinea, Guinea Bissau and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. The\nsecond much larger region is a swathe through the centre of the continent stretching from Angola to the Horn.\nWithin these areas there is no standard pattern to the way that refugees arrive in neighbouring countries of asylum\nin Africa. In 1994 there were some of the most rapid and concentrated movements into one area ever witnessed,\nas Rwandan Hutus streamed out of Rwanda firstly into Ngara, Tanzania and then to Goma, Zaire. In contrast,\nthe later widespread movement of refugees from DR Congo has been much more sporadic and resulted in small\ngroups of refugees arriving in various locations over a number of years. Likewise from Liberia and Sierra Leone,\nrefugees fled into Guinea in waves during the 1990s to settle in its Forest Region.\n\n\nThe geography and history of Africa means that one common feature of refugee movements on the continent is\nthat the refugees often arrive in the host countries in remote rural areas far from the state capital. The borders\nimposed by colonial powers cut across many ethnic groups and in many cases the people of the frontier areas\nhave a loose relationship with the distant state whose authority is frayed at its edges. The people of different\nnationalities on either side of the border may have more in common with each other than either groups has with\ntheir corresponding co\u00adnationals from the capital.\n\n\nAs a result when many African refugees cross into a neighbouring country, they may join their kinsfolk on the\nother side of the border. The first assistance is usually provided by local people and their help and protection may\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 2/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nbe given freely and willingly, although not without personal cost (Chambers 1986) . Beyond a certain level the\nincrease in population may create resources difficulties, especially in the short term as food, water and shelter\nmay run short. However, the extent of the problem may vary considerably depending on the local environment.\nIn areas of low population density in Zambia and Guinea, refugees have been able to acquire land with the\nsupport of the local leaders, for building houses and producing crops (Bakewell 1999, van Damme 1999) .\n\n\nMost African governments have long been resistant to such self\u00adsettlement and demand that refugees be housed\nin camps or settlements. A major factor cited in determining these policies is often security for both the hosts and\nthe refugees. Large groups of refugees staying in the border area present a potential target to their opponents from\nwhom they fled\u037e the refugees may also present a potential threat to the country of origin if they engage in military\nactivity on the border. Another important factor in encouraging the formation of camps is that they ensure that\nrefugees remain a visible and easily identified target group for international aid. The camps also make the\nmanagement of emergency aid considerably easier for the government, UNHCR and NGO implementing\npartners. The debate about whether camps are a better response to refugee influxes than self\u00adsettlement is far\nfrom over (see Black 1998, Crisp and Jacobsen 1998) .\n\n## **Identification and registration**\n\n\nProtection offered by local hosts is a basic human response of enabling people to stay in safety and protecting\nthem from harm. Having escaped across the border, refugees may perceive the authorities in the country of\nasylum as the next threat. In the worst case it might be to expel refugees back across the border in which case\nUNHCR has a very urgent protection problem to tackle. Of sometimes equal worry to refugees is the pressure\nfrom the authorities for them to identify themselves for registration and removal from the border area to a distant\ncamp. Refugees in Africa over decades have resisted efforts to put them in camps and the majority have stayed\noutside. Some of their concerns have included: a desire to stay near the border to enable their independent return\nwhen they felt it was safe\u037e a fear that they be taken away from their kin among whom they stay\u037e a reluctance to\nbecome dependent on aid resources and a scepticism about the validity of the promises of aid agencies to provide\ntheir needs (Bakewell 1999, van Damme 1999) . Faced with such circumstances, from the refugees\u2019 perspective\nremaining anonymous may be the best form of protection they have.\n\n\nFor UNHCR it is essential to establish that the people involved are of concern to it and entitled to its protection.\nSince the OAU Convention extended the definition of refugees in Africa to include those fleeing the effect of\nwars as well those suffering individual persecution, the status of individuals in refugee emergencies on the\ncontinent does not usually need to be determined at this stage. However, UNHCR states that \u2018a registration\nexercise should be conducted at the earliest possible stage of an emergency operation\u2019 (UNHCR 1999:16) . The\nquestions which could be asked is what purpose does this serve and is it always necessary?\n\n\nWhere UNHCR knows there are refugees, it needs to monitor the responses of the government and ensure they\nare fulfilling their obligations. It keeps a close watch on the situation and it wants to know how many people are\nthere. This might be achieved through local leaders who will know about new arrivals in some detail. Refugees\nmay come forward with information and NGOs operating in the area, media and other sources can give a good\nidea of the number of refugees who have arrived. But does UNHCR need to identify all refugees individually\nand give them a special card? What other organisation protecting human rights would expect all potential victims\nof abuses to register with them, thereby possibly exposing themselves to more danger (especially where a\ngovernment, as opposed to local people, is hostile to refugees)? Ensuring that UNHCR maintains a presence on\nthe border area and that it keeps open channels of communication with the areas where refugees stay may be as\neffective in providing protection.\n\n## **Targeting of aid undermining local protection**\n\n\nBesides any protection requirements, the driving force behind registration is very often a concern with the\nmanagement of aid resources. UNHCR is mandated to assist refugees and the humanitarian aid that is offers is\ntargeted at them. In order to know that the aid is going to the right people it is necessary to know who they are.\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 3/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nThe basic registration of refugees provides the required information on the location of aid recipients and their\ndemographic profile. It may also be linked to a wider needs assessment of the refugee population. Moreover, the\nregistration cards provide a mark of entitlement which greatly eases the process of resource distribution.\n\n\nThe focus of aid efforts on refugees immediately drives a wedge between local hosts and the refugees, especially\nwhen the refugees arrive in very remote areas of great poverty. In such circumstances some local hosts may be\npoorer than refugees and many may live at a very low level of subsistence. As refugees are provided with aid\nresources, from food to free healthcare at standards beyond anything available to the local community, their\nstandard of living can exceed that of many of their hosts. This can cause resentment. UNHCR suggests that\ntensions should be avoided by ensuring that there is sufficient aid available so there is not negative impact on\nlocal resources and infrastructure improvement are designed to benefit the local community (UNHCR 1999:19) .\n\n\nIn refugee aid operations, the role of local hosts in housing refugees is often downplayed and their hospitality may\nbe treated with suspicion. Questions are asked about why people take the refugees in and hosts may be treated\nwith suspicion. Most recently this was seen most strikingly in an example outside Africa when Kosovo\nAlbanians arrived in Albania in 1999 and the majority stayed with host families. The hosts were widely reported\nto be demanding exploitative rents and using the refugees presence to gain access to aid. At least one evaluation\n(ODI, Independent Evaluation of Expenditure of DEC Kosovo Appeal Funds, Report May 2000) redressed the\nbalance and reported movingly of the care taken by some Albanian families to ensure that the refugees staying\nwith them were as comfortable as possible. It is important not to assume that local response mechanisms can\ndeal with refugee influxes but it is equally important to recognise what they can do. If targeting aid towards\nrefugees to the exclusion of local hosts undermines the initial protection and aid and creates hostility towards\nrefugees, it is acting against their protection.\n\n\nThe default international humanitarian response tends to be to move refugees to camps and settlements at the\nbehest of the host government, and as noted above often citing security reasons. It is widely recognised that\ncamps are not necessarily the best option and Black (1998) argues that they can reduce security if refugees are\nforced to live in them against their will. The same questions asked about the local hosts, \u2018what\u2019s in it for them?\u2019\nneed to be asked of the government, UN agencies and NGOs which manage the camps. Significant numbers of\njobs, contracts and other such benefits will flow to those agencies involved. UNHCR may be faced with\nconflicting interests. The management of aid demands targeting and possibly encampment, whereas the best\nprotection for refugees may demand local settlement and different forms of aid delivery.\n\n## **Aid casting refugees as the problem**\n\n\nBesides the creation of resentment, humanitarian aid for refugees can create more subtle difficulties. Aid is\npresented as a response to the \u2018refugee problem\u2019 in a particular area. It casts the refugees as the problem rather\nthan their being a symptom of a much wider problem of conflict. The refugees are a convenient focus of action,\nthe international community can be seen as doing things, and the specific symptom can be dealt with. This\nrhetoric of refugees as a problem facilitates the development of anti\u00adrefugee feeling. Refugees can be blamed for\ncrime, overcrowded schools, shortage of medicines, creating price rises, and a host of other social and economic\nills.\n\n\nThe arrival of large numbers of people does create some enormous pressures, but it can also be seen as an\nopportunity to improve some longstanding problems. In the border area of north\u00adwest Zambia, it was widely\nthought by local villagers, chiefs and to a lesser extent local government, that the presence of the refugees had\nboosted the population and helped to develop the area (which is still one of the poorest in the country). The\n\u2018refugee problem\u2019 was only raised away from the border areas and it appeared to be magnified the further one\nmoved towards the capital where refugees could be a useful card to play in a wider political and nationalist game.\nThis reflect back to the border in polices of frontier control, containment and other such measures.\n\n## **Undermining the quality of aid by targeting refugees**\n\n\nThe relationship between protection and humanitarian aid also restricts the type of aid which can be offered and\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 4/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "basic registration of refugees", - "confidence": 0.9583913683891296, - "start": 22, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.652623176574707, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "rural Africa", - "confidence": 0.9317353367805481, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8450192213058472, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nin many cases reduces its quality. UNHCR\u2019s mandate constrains it to work only with refugees or others of\nconcern to it. As noted above, the influx of refugees will have a major impact on the host society especially in\nborder areas where resources may be consumed. More disturbingly the insecurity of war will come across the\nborder. This may be seen by increased border patrols by the asylum country\u2019s army and police which can result\nin harassment of local people. It could be in a full scale incursion from the country of origin as war spills over\nthe border.\n\n\nThe border areas of Zambia have repeatedly been attacked from Angola over the last 35 years of war and\nZambians have withdrawn from their villages near the border for fear of their lives. In some areas the border is\nmarked by rivers whose plains offer the best areas for grazing cattle but these are no longer accessible. Border\nareas are inevitably areas of trade and the closing of the border changes the patterns of business. Some will gain\nfrom the war economy but more will lose as the volumes of trade will decrease as populations shrink. An area\nthat was once on the road to another country becomes a dead end.\n\n### These are problems of war but UNHCR can only tackle the problems of refugees. If the refugees move from the border so do the resources. The focus of UNHCR on the refugees often means that it fails to see the problems for the national hosts, nor does it set the problems of refugees within this wider context (Bakewell 2000) . The difficulties refugees faces are likely to be interpreted as the result of their being refugees, without recognising that they may reflect long\u00adstanding development problems which affect all.\n\n\nFor example, when refugees arrive in an area of chronic malnutrition it must be expected that they will be\nmalnourished as the local people are. Providing food aid for refugees in response to this malnutrition will do\nnothing to solve this prevailing development problem. It may simply raise the refugees\u2019 nutrition status above that\nof the local people. This may meet the Sphere standards for the refugees (Sphere Project 2000) but it does\nnothing for the hosts. Moreover, food aid will inevitably change the balance of the local food economy for better\nor worse and may undermine existing development programmes in the area. In any similar context minus the\nrefugees, providing food aid is likely to be criticised as bad development practice. UNHCR never pretends to be\na development agency but nor should it ever be an anti\u00addevelopment agency.\n\n\nA central problem with UNHCR\u2019s humanitarian aid is that it is directed towards people on the basis of their\nhaving a particular legal status rather than on the basis of need. I would not argue that refugees are not requiring\nparticular assistance. The arrival of refugees is a good indicator of an increased level of humanitarian need\nwhich may be acute. However, this need is not solely found among refugees nor will all refugees be poor. Some\nwill arrive with belonging and sufficient resources to re\u00adestablish themselves if they can find a place to do so and,\nas noted above, in some circumstances refugees may generally be better off than their hosts. UNHCR and aid\nagencies differentiate between groups of refugees by age and gender but it tends to be based on stereotyped\nassumptions which cast all those who fit a particular set of criteria as \u2018vulnerable\u2019.\n\n### However, for the most part local hosts will not be included in aid programmes except in as far as they are directly involved with refugees [1] . A particular region in which refugees stay may be eligible for\n\ninfrastructure support from UNHCR as a \u2018refugee\u00adaffected area\u2019 to ensure that refugees will be able to attend\nschools and receive health services. The focal point remains refugees.\n\n\nThe question to be asked here is whether offering aid on the basis of legal status is a satisfactory approach to\ndealing with the crisis caused by war? Where the international community does not take on special responsibility\nfor the legal protection of people, it would not be acceptable to discriminate in this way. For NGOs it\ncontravenes article two of the Principles of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent\nMovement and NGOs in Disaster Response Programmes: \u2018Aid is given regardless of the race, creed or\n_nationality_ of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kind. _Aid priorities are calculated on the basis_\n_of need alone_ \u2019 (emphases added). If humanitarian aid responses to refugee crises were able to take a broader\nview of the problems, perhaps it would result in more imaginative and participatory programmes which build on\nthe capacity of both the refugees and their local hosts.\n\n## **The registration process as an abuse of human rights**\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 5/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nThe refugee label is a bureaucratic one and does not necessarily coincide with people\u2019s self\u00addescription. It is\ntherefore open to subversion. In as far as it is associated with access to resources there may be a strong\nmotivation for people to present themselves as refugees. In as far as it is associated with removal to a camp,\nrefugees may make great efforts to avoid it. The fact that the majority of refugees in Africa stay beyond the\nreach of international aid suggests the latter may apply to more people.\n\n\nIn order to impose the bureaucratic definition, extreme methods may be used during registration. Where it is\nanticipated that people may avoid registration, refugees might be rounded up from villages in sudden sweeps. A\npriest in north\u00adwest Zambia described to me how during the 1980s whole families fled into the bush at the sound\nof a vehicle from town for fear of being taken to a settlement and they would stay away from their houses for\nsome days. UNHCR may not have been directly involved in these exercises but they are tainted by them and\nrefugees in the settlement described being forced into the settlement by the UN. A decade later UNHCR\u2019s\nattempts at registration of refugees in the villages were made impossible by the memories and people\u2019s continued\nfear of exposure.\n\n\nIn refugee camps it is expected that refugees will try to register repeatedly in order to inflate their numbers and\ngain extra ration cards. The process will often include corralling refugees into counting areas, tagging them or\nmarking them with indelible ink, and then issuing them with the requisite ration cards. The whole exercise is\ncarried out over as short a time\u00adscale as possible to minimize the chances of people \u2018recycling\u2019 and registering\ntwice. It is hard not to draw parallels with them management of animal herds\u037e the term \u2018shepherds\u2019 has crept into\na UNHCR guide on registration (see Hyndman 2000:130) . Not surprisingly such registration procedures are\nwidely resisted, sometimes violently especially where conducted with inadequate negotiation with the refugees.\nHyndman illustrates this with examples from Kenya and Tanzania and concludes that \u2018it becomes clear that\nheadcounts are a coercive exercise conducted by humanitarian staff on the bodies of refugees\u2019 (2000:127\u00ad131, see\nalso Harrell\u00adBond 1999:154) .\n\n\nThe actual process of registration may thus impose on refugees inhuman and degrading treatment which is\ncontrary to the UN Declaration of Human Rights. It may be argued that this is only for a very short period of time\nand justified by the wider benefits which it brings to the refugees in the form of improved aid delivery. However,\nthis is debatable (Harrell\u00adBond 1999:158) . For the most part registration, especially in camps, does not have a\nclear protection benefit for the refugees but serves the interests of the aid programme. When the registration\nprocess creates new protection problems for refugees, is it appropriate that the agency to whom they might appeal\nis the very one which is infringing their rights?\n\n## **Protection following aid**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s humanitarian aid activities require considerably more resources than their legal protection work.\nProviding food, water, shelter and medical care is a major task demanding high levels of management and co\u00ad\nordination and absorbing huge volumes of cash. All UNHCR staff may be well versed in its mandate for\nprotection but in the field the focus of their day to day tasks appears to be the co\u00adordination of humanitarian aid.\nAs a result protection activities can become an add\u00adon to the larger work of providing aid. An example from\nZambia illustrates this.\n\n\nThe attempt to round up self\u00adsettled Angolan refugees in Zambia was a failure and only about 30% moved to the\nofficial settlements. By the 1990s the majority of refugees still on the border had largely dropped out of sight of\nUNHCR and interest was only rekindled by the prospect of the having to cope with their return to a peaceful\nAngola, which is sadly still elusive. While I was working among Angolan and Zambians on the border it was\nclear to see that Angolans had settled and were almost indistinguishable from Zambians. Their position was\nsecure in as far as they had integrated very well with the local people and there were more concerns about the\nprospect of Angolans leaving than their staying.\n\n\nHowever, there were still many who had not acquired the appropriate Zambian papers and if those who had were\nopen to challenge if the authorities so desired. Given the remoteness of the Zambian state to the border areas and\nthe mediation of traditional leaders who were very keen to see refugees stay in their areas, the status quo was\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 6/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nokay. However, the situation was liable to change should the government start to take an interest in the region\nagain \u2013 which it since has due to the resurgence of fighting in eastern Angola and arrival of new refugees.\n\n\nI expressed a particular concern to UNHCR about those refugees who remain without any papers in the border\nareas. The response of a junior protection officer was to state that these people should have registered with\nUNHCR when they first arrived and it would be very difficult given the lapse of time. She did acknowledge that\nhaving arrived from Angola they would be _prima facie_ refugees. She expressed the view that UNHCR was only\ndealing with regularised refugees, i.e. those living in official settlements, and it could not extend its protection to\nthose who stayed outside. This was in stark contrast to my understanding of UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate which\nextends to all those whose situation fits the definitions of the international convention, which self\u00adsettled refugees\nmanifestly do.\n\n\nI was surprised that such views should come from a protection officer, however junior, although I do not think this\nreflected an official stance of UNHCR towards self\u00adsettled (I was not convinced they had one). Because these\nrefugees had not fitted with the demands of the aid programme, there was no practical way that these refugees\ncould avail themselves of UNHCR\u2019s protection.\n\n## **Direct conflict between aid and protection**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s delivery of relief aid can add a more direct threat to protection once refugees are confined with camps\nor settlements. UNHCR funds the services which are provided by implementing partners. In the first instance\nthese are likely to be NGOs although later government departments may take over as NGOs withdraw. Within\nthe settlements the implementing partners hold a huge amount of power over many aspects of refugees\u2019 lives.\nThey control access to aid commodities such as food, and also livelihood resources such as land and jobs.\n\n\nRefugees in settlements and camps are in a very exposed position with respect to the aid agencies which are\nproviding services for them. For the most part UNHCR is the main donor and institutional stakeholder in the\nsettlement, and it has a strong interest in ensuring that the management of the programme runs smoothly. Where\nrefugees feel that their rights are being infringed in some way by the system, e.g. ethnic bias in the provision of\nresources or recruitment of staff, they have few avenues for appeal when the very agency which is supposed to\nprovide protection is co\u00adordinating the programmes they object to.\n\n\nIn most cases NGOs or other implementing agencies may discharge their obligation with full regard for the rights\nof the refugees whom they serve. However, there is limited accountability for their work and it is possible for\nabuse to arise. In one notorious settlement in southern Africa, the staff of the lead NGO had become entrenched\nin their positions during the 1990s and were able to run the settlement as a fiefdom with very limited oversight.\nStories of mismanagement and corruption were rife and refugees who resisted the system were labelled as\ntrouble makers and were reportedly intimidated and sometime subject to imprisonment (such was the staff\u2019s\ninfluence with the local authorities) or violence. For some years, UNHCR had no presence in the settlement and\nit was very slow to respond to allegations and take action. Whatever the truth of the matter, the refugees have\neffectively were left unprotected from an exploitative situation where their rights could be abused.\n\n\nThe operational requirements of the aid programme may push protection issues into the background even on some\nof the most fundamental questions of refugee rights. As repatriation was planned for Angolan refugees in Zambia\nin 1996 a survey was conducted by the lead NGO. This enquired whether the respondents wanted to repatriate in\n1996 or 1997, rather than any open questions about whether people wanted to go at all. This came to the\nremarkable result that all but 17 of the 25,330 Angolan refugees in the settlement wanted to go to Angola. I\nvisited one of the roads in Meheba where the survey had reported that everybody wanted to leave and, even\nmoving along a short portion of the road, I rapidly met people who said that they did not want to repatriate. In\nparticular, some of the older people who felt they were too old to make such a transition expressed great concern\nat the idea of having to establish new homes back in Angola. Who could they appeal to when UNHCR was\norganising the repatriation programme in collaboration with NGO partners?\n\n### **Conclusion**\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 7/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9508166313171387, - "start": 712, - "end": 713 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.762881338596344, - "start": 712, - "end": 713 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "lead NGO", - "confidence": 0.9085601568222046, - "start": 717, - "end": 719 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zambia", - "confidence": 0.7884938716888428, - "start": 708, - "end": 709 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1996", - "confidence": 0.9817180633544922, - "start": 710, - "end": 711 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Angolan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9892059564590454, - "start": 705, - "end": 707 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9671717882156372, - "start": 783, - "end": 784 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6313231587409973, - "start": 783, - "end": 784 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Meheba", - "confidence": 0.8498130440711975, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Angolan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9576878547668457, - "start": 762, - "end": 764 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nThere is no doubt that UNHCR faces enormous challenges in fulfilling both its protection mandate and providing\nadequate and appropriate humanitarian aid. Confronted with the realities of refugee emergencies, it is often\ncaught in impossible dilemmas and forced to make uncomfortable compromises which may run counter to its\nprinciples (Morris 1997) .\n\n\nIt is not desirable to disassociate protection and aid as the two are intimately linked\u037e they must run in parallel.\nWithout aid, host states may refuse to accept refugees. Aid is also a vital aspect of ensuring a rounded approach\nto protection which upholds the full range of refugees\u2019 rights, including economic and social rights. However,\ngiven the conflicts between the two roles described above, it seems dangerous to have the same agency\nresponsible for both protection and aid. In order to meet the objections raised here, some sharper differentiation\nbetween UNHCR\u2019s protection and humanitarian aid functions is required. One response to these criticisms is for\nUNHCR to establish clearer lines of management between staff engaged in protection and those providing aid.\nPerhaps the former could have direct lines of accountability to Geneva creating the space for protection field staff\nto ask awkward questions from a somewhat detached perspective.\n\n\nA more extreme response would entail the creation of new UN agencies to fulfil the roles and ensure that both\nprotection and aid can be provided of the highest quality in any given context. My tentative suggestion is that one\nagency would be mandated to deal with war affected populations to meet emergency needs and look for\nsustainable longer term solutions. It would be working with people according to their need rather than their legal\nstatus. This might involve establishing refugee settlements or it could be open to much more imaginative\nresponses.\n\n\nIn time it may be perfectly legitimate for this agency to stop working in a given situation as it stabilises and\npeople achieve a reasonable standard of living (perhaps measured relative to the rest of the country). Since its\nfocus would not just be on refugees it could be involved in the provision of aid to other forced migrants and those\nwho stay in their homes including refugee hosts as a matter of course. The artificial association of the refugee\nlabel with a particular set of resources could be eroded and the debates about whether UNHCR should work with\nthose outside the formal refugee category would become history.\n\n\nAnother agency would be specifically mandated to look at the legal protection of refugees, to ensure that there\nrights are respected. In particular, it would ensure that the humanitarian aid programmes respect those rights\ngiving equal access to refugees. This agency would have to maintain its concern for as long as refugees are\npresent although this may reduce to a minimal level as refugees integrate into the local society. It would act as a\ncheck on the operation of aid programmes ensuring that refugees\u2019 interest upheld, in the same way that\ngovernments are expected to ensure that aid programmes are consistent with the interests of their nationals.\nIdeally the host government will consider the interests of refugees and the role of the refugee protection agency\nwill be reduced, but where government\u2019s fail the agency would act.\n\n\nAny such split would have to involve clear memoranda of understanding to ensure that the two agencies work\nclosely together. The international response to war and refugee crises manages to draw together UN agencies as\na matter of course. If UNHCR is to provide any aid it will almost inevitably involve WFP for example. The\ndivision of the work between two agencies does not necessarily imply a division within the overall international\nresponse so much as a restructuring of its management. No doubt there are many objections to such a suggestion\nthat are based on a much greater knowledge of the UN system than I possess. However, there would also be\nmany objections to the current system should it be proposed today. The question is whether a change in the status\nquo would yield sufficient benefits for the innocent victims of war to make the pain of restructuring worthwhile.\n\n\n**REFERENCES**\n\n\nBakewell, O. (1999) _Refugees Repatriating or Migrating Villagers? A Study of Movement from North West_\n_Zambia to Angola_ . PhD, University of Bath.\n\n\nBakewell, O. (2000) Uncovering Local Perspectives on Humanitarian Assistance and its Outcomes. _Disasters_\n24(2):103\u00ad116.\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 8/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1/21/2015 Refugee aid and protection in rural Africa: working in parallel or cross\u00adpurposes?\n\nBarutciski, M. (1996) The Reinforcement of Non\u00adAdmission Policies and the Subversion of UNHCR:\nDisplacement and Internal assistance in Bosnia\u00adHerzegovina (1992\u00ad1994). _International Journal of Refugee Law_\n8(1/2):49\u00ad110.\n\n\nBlack, R. (1998) Putting Refugees in Camps. _Forced Migration Review_ 2:4\u00ad7.\n\n\nChambers, R. (1986) Hidden Losers? The Impact of Rural Refugees and Refugee Programs on Poorer Hosts.\n_International Migration Review_ 20(2):245\u00ad263.\n\n\nCrisp, J. (2000) _Africa\u2019s Refugees: Patterns, Problems and Policy challenges._ New Issues in Refugee\nResearch, Working Paper No. 28. Geneva: UNHCR.\n\n\nCrisp, J., and K. Jacobsen (1998) Refugee Camps Reconsidered. _Forced Migration Review_ 3:27\u00ad30.\n\n\nCunliffe, S. A., and M. Pugh (1997) The Politicization of UNHCR in Former Yugoslavia. _Journal of Refugee_\n_Studies_ 10(2):134\u00ad153.\n\n\nHarrell\u00adBond, B. (1999) The experience of refugees as recipients of aid. In A. Ager (ed.) _Refugees:_\n_Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration_ . London: Pinter.\n\n\nHyndman, J. (2000) _Managing Displacement: Refugees in the Politics of Humanitarianism_ . Borderlines No. 16.\nMinneapolis: University of Minnesota.\n\n\nMinear, L. (1999) _Partnerships in the Protection of Refugees and Other People at Risk: Emerging issues and_\n_work in progress._ New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper No. 13. Geneva: UNHCR.\n\n\nMinear, L., and T. G. Weiss (eds.) (2000) _Humanitarian Action: A Transatlantic Agenda for Operations and_\n_Research_ . Working Paper No. 39. Providence, USA: Thomas J. Watson Junior Institute for International\nStudies, Brown University.\n\n\nMorris, N. (1997) Protection Dilemmas and UNHCR's Response: A Personal View from within UNHCR.\n_International Journal of Refugee Law_ 9(3):492\u00ad499.\n\n\nPaul, D. (1999) _Protection in Practice: Field\u00adlevel strategies for protecting civilians from deliberate harm_ . ODI\nRelief and Rehabilitation Network Paper 30. London: Overseas Development Institute.\n\n\nPottier, J. (1999) The 'Self' in Self\u00adRepatriation: Closing Down Mugunga Camp, Eastern Zaire. In R. Black and\nK. Koser (eds.) _The End of the Refugee Cycle_ . Oxford: Berghahn Books.\n\n\nSphere Project (2000) _The Sphere Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Relief_ . Oxford:\nOxfam.\n\n\nUNHCR (1999) _Handbook for Emergencies,_ 2nd edition. Geneva: UNHCR.\n\n\nvan Damme, W. (1999) How Liberian and Sierra Leonean Refugees Settled in the Forest Region of Guinea\n(1990\u00ad1996). _Journal of Refugee Studies_ 12(1):36\u00ad53.\n\n\n[[1] For example, some host families in Albania received food parcels \u2013 I have not come across a case of this in](http://www.jha.ac/articles/u035.htm#_ednref1)\nAfrica.\n\n\nhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB9529AA461FEA41C1256E35003B25C1\u00adUNHCR_Refugee_rural_Africa_2001.htm 9/9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/84fac898-f6f6-31f3-a3ac-075f343e728b/Refugee%20aid%20and%20protection%20in%20rural%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_6/raw/doc_6_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_6/raw/doc_6_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4db7a32ae5f49495156463394e4fb5d51dc7bf10..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_6/raw/doc_6_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Baalbek-Hermel Governorate Profile (June 2015)\n\n#### **GENERAL OVERVIEW**\n\nThe Bekaa valley was split into two governorates in May 2014; Baalbek/Hermel and Bekaa. Bekaa hosts Lebanon\u2019s largest\nofficial border crossing with Syria in Masnaa. The Baalbak-Hermel Governorate is predominantly Shiite with pockets of\nChristians and Sunnis. Several UN agencies and NGOs have offices across the valley and regular inter-agency and sector\ncoordination meetings are held in Zahle. Localized coordination structures are also established for Aarsal and the Hermel\ndistrict.\n\n\n\n\n#### **POPULATION OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **SOCIO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CHANGES IN CONTEXT JANUARY TO JUNE**\n\nThe northeastern border region remained highly volatile with consistent infiltration attempts by Islamist Armed Opposition Groups and recurrent LAF shelling along the outskirts of Aarsal, Fakiha and Ras Baalbak. A new round of Qalamoun\nbattles was launched in the first week of May and is ongoing. Access to Aarsal continued to be inhibited by the security\ncontext. While some assistance has trickled in through local partners, UN agencies have been denied access since August\n2014.\n\n\nRestrictions on access were formalized in January with the imposition of specific entry criteria. In addition, the Government of Lebanon requested the suspension of UNHCR registration. As a result, the number of new arrivals substantially\ndiminished and the number of registered refugees remains consistent.\n\n\nLike in the rest of the Bekka, the number of Syrian refugees living in informal settlements has continued to increase with\n196 new informal settlements since December 2014 and 5,058 refugees newly accommodated there.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d32a9f10-3328-3d09-967d-ebb78236bad0/06072015-Baalbek-HermelGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **HUMANITARIAN AND STABLIZATION TRENDS**\n\nLack of access to Aarsal remains a challenge. Activities are ongoing, monitoring is undertaken remotely which is\nchallenging; however new techniques have been adapted to respond to this situation. Agencies have been able to\nprovide relatively consistent services and respond to emergency situations through local staff members and partner\norganizations.\n\n\nSince the August 2014 hostilities, the LAF has tightened its security cordon around Aarsal, limiting movement of refugees\nto and from the town.\n\n\nAccess to services has been of concern in Aarsal given that almost 50 per cent of the registered Syrian refugees are\nwithout documentation and have feared crossing checkpoints along the way. Some restrictions imposed by the LAF\nbetween the outskirts and Aarsal town have impacted the approximately 3,000 individuals remaining. Fuel, food and\nother materials for the numerous businesses have been restricted. There is one formal transit site managed by DAF and 93\ninformal settlements inside Aarsal town.\n\n\nA total of 8,900 households in Aarsal benefited from $200 worth of winter fuel support (and a hygiene kit covering the first\nquarter of 2015).\n\n\nLike in the Bekka, innovative institutional support includes the Municipal Support Assistant (MSA) Programme where\nsome international NGOs have seconded staff to several municipalities to support the work of the municipality staff and\nprovide information to refugees. Eleven Mapping of Risk and Resources programmes are being implemented.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n|||||\n\n\n\n\n\nBaalbek\n\n\nEl Hermel\n\n|14 7 15 5 8 5 3 7 5
3 5 3 1 4 2 3 2 3|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|14
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|\n\n\n\nKey contacts\n\n\n\n**UNHCR** Maeve Murphy, murphym@unhcr.org **UNDP** George Akl, george.akl@undp.org\n**Ministery of Social Affairs (MoSA)** Hussein Salemm, hussein.salemm@hotmail.com\n\n\n**Baalbek-Hermel Governor** Mr. Bashir Khodr\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**41 UN Agencies and NGOs operating in Baalbek-Hermel**\n\n\nACF, Al Masjed Com, AMEL, ARCPA, Beyond, CCP JAPAN, CLMC Lebanon,\nDanish Red Cross, DRC, EPL, FAO, GVC, HI, HOOPS, IMC, Intersos, IOCC Lebanon,\nIOM, IQRAA, IRC, ISAD, Lebanese Red Cross, LOST, MAP-UK, MDM, MEDAIR,\nMercy Corps, MoSA, NRC, OXFAM, SCI, SFCG, TdH - It, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR,\nUNRWA, URDA, Welfare Association, WHO, Arab Puppet Theatre\n\n\n\n**Disclaimer:** The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n**Data Source:** Lebanese Population - Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) year 2002 dataset, Poverty data: CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and Household Budget Survey 2004-5,\nSyrian Refugee Population - UNHCR as of 30/06/2015, Humanitarian Intervention Data - Activity Info as of 30/06/2015, Palestinian Refugee Population- UNRWA, Lebanese Returnees data IOM as of 30/06/2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Population - UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5670925974845886, - "start": 683, - "end": 688 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Population", - "confidence": 0.6651118397712708, - "start": 683, - "end": 686 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Intervention Data - Activity Info", - "confidence": 0.6907762885093689, - "start": 696, - "end": 702 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d32a9f10-3328-3d09-967d-ebb78236bad0/06072015-Baalbek-HermelGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_60/raw/doc_60_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_60/raw/doc_60_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 179e96c7fc5ce178117c26c16c01265d13d113d7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_60/raw/doc_60_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,154 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **May 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\nThe formation of Sudan\u2019s Transitional Government in 2019, following\nthe dismissal of President Omar al-Bashir, opened up the protection\nspace in Sudan. It allowed for discussions on issues such as GBV,\nhuman rights and child protection. In 2020, several armed actors\nsigned the Juba Peace Agreement (DPA), allowing them to join the\ntransitional government. Nevertheless, these positive developments\ndid not ultimately endure. By 2021, the protection landscape\nchanged significantly with the departure of UNAMID and the military\ncoup d\u2019\u00e9tat on 25 [th] October 2021. In the same year, IOM DTM\nreported the displacement of 450,000 IDPs in the country. The\ncurrent levels of violence in Darfur have been unseen since the mid2000s. There is also a marked increase in violence in the South\nKordofan and, to some extent, in the Blue Nile States.\n\n\nWithin this landscape, the Sudan Protection Sector responds to\narmed conflict settings, intercommunal violence, forced\ndisplacement, loss of property, human rights violations, grave child\nrights violations, climate change, sexual violence and criminal activity\namid political fragility and uncertainty. Significant protection risks\nfaced by civilians include the right to life, displacement, secondary\ndisplacement, GBV and denial and impediments to access to services.\n\n\nThis Protection Analysis Update analyses priority protection risks and\nrecommendations. The findings are based on the analysis of\nprotection monitoring actors and assessments by the Protection\nSector, its AoRs, protection partners and reports produced by other\nagencies. The document uses both qualitative and quantitative\nanalysis. Humanitarian access issues and limited coverage of\nprotection actors contribute to information gaps such as data on civil\ndocumentation, GBV and housing, land and property.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on civil\ndocumentation", - "confidence": 0.5986931920051575, - "start": 308, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\nAfter the coup, a political agreement signed on 21 November 2021\nresulted in the dissolution of the civilian component of the\nTransitional Government. Though the political agreement allowed\nfor the reinstatement of Prime Minister Hamdok, other pollical\nactors, including the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA), the\nForces for Freedom and Change (FFC), the National Umma Party and\nthe Sudanese Congress Party, condemned it. On 22 November, 12\nFFC government ministers also presented their resignations. [1]\n\n\nIn the absence of a political agreement, increased violence and\npolitical fragmentation, Prime Minister Hamdock publicly announced\nhis resignation on January 2, 2022.. In response to the end of civilian\nrule and the Prime Minister\u2019s resignation, the Sudanese people\ncontinue to protest and engage in civil disobedience. In some\nlocations, protests and civil unrest reportedly were responded to\nwith arbitrary arrest and detention of civilians, journalists and\nactivists, further compounding the overall security environment [2] .\nThese political developments ultimately derail the achievements\nmade during the transition, including the peace process\ncompromising the future of the Sudanese transition.\n\n\nOn 8 January 2022, the United Nations Integrated Transition\nAssistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) announced the launch of an\nUN-facilitated intra-Sudanese political process to design a way out of\nthe political crisis and forge a sustainable path forward towards\ndemocracy and peace.\n\n\n1 Report of the Secretary-General \u201cSituation in the Sudan and the activities of the\nUnited Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan\u201d, 2 March\n2022.\n\n\n##### **Severe levels of insecurity and violence**\n\nIn conflict-affected areas, civilians are\nwidely exposed to insecurity and\nviolence. The capacity constraints of\nState institutions and law\nenforcement entities create an\nenvironment of impunity and lawlessness. Over the course of 2021,\nthe number of hotspot localities identified by the Protection Sector\nincreased from 43 to 73. In 2021, the Protection Sector recorded the\nkilling of over 1,256 individuals and injuries to 1,153 individuals. In\nthe first quarter of 2022, the number of hotspot localities remained\nthe same, and 156 killings and 132 injuries have been recorded.\n\n\nThe Protection Sector recorded 296 intercommunal violence and\nfactional fighting incidents in all Darfur states, South Kordofan and\nBlue Nile throughout 2021, which resulted in the displacement or\nsecondary displacement of 440,000 civilians and IDPs, bringing the\ntotal number of IDPs in Sudan to over three million.\n\n##### **Multidimensional impact on population vulnerabilities** **and coping capacities**\n\n\nDisputes over power-sharing, land ownership, competition over\nresources and criminality are fueling continuous intercommunal\nclashes and factional fighting. The Central, North and West and\nDarfur states and the South Kordofan have witnessed the most\nescalation in conflict in 2021. Though not to the same extent as other\n\n\n2 Report of the Secretary-General, 3 December 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "states, Blue and White Nile states also witnessed violence in 2021. In\nDarfur, the departure of UNAMID in 2020 created a security vacuum.\nDespite some efforts by the Government of Sudan, clashes between\nherders and farmers continue with impunity. Following outbreaks of\nviolence, nomadic tribes or unidentified armed groups forcefully\nevict IDPs and vulnerable local populations from their land. This\nfragile situation has been exacerbated by the gradual return of Libyabased Darfuri fighters and the deployment of armed forces of parties\nto the Juba Peace Agreement.\n\n\nOngoing clashes and conflict, compounded by the political and\neconomic crisis, are having dire effects on the Sudanese population\u2019s\ncapacity to cope and earn basic livelihoods. The situation interrupts\naccess to markets and income-earning opportunities. Market\nactivities and trade flows have been reduced. While slightly\ndecreasing from November 2021, inflation is still high at 259.8 per\ncent in January 2022. Due to the increased demand for United States\ndollars, the Sudanese pound decreased its value by more than 5%t\non the black market (January 2022). Staple food prices surged across\nSudan (at least 200 % compared to 2021, 400 % compared to five\nyears ago).\n\n\nThe high prices of cereals are being driven additionally by lower-thanexpected harvests together with high production and an increase in\ntransportation costs. [3] Livestock prices remain stable but are still\naround 200 % above prices in 2021. Electricity tariffs increased up to\n600 per cent in January 2022. [4]\n\n\nHigher prices and supply shortages of basic goods, including\nmedicine, wheat, fuel, and agricultural inputs, are thus drastically\nreducing purchasing power, increasing food insecurity, and\ndeepening the population's overall vulnerability. Poor pastoral and\nurban households are amongst the most impacted in terms of food\naccess. [5]\n\n\n3 Famine Early Warning Systems Network Key Message Update February 2022\n4 Report of the Secretary-General, 2 March 2022\n\n\n\nAmidst this complex environment, heavy rains and floods affected\n314,500 persons, with 15,000 houses destroyed and 46,000\ndamaged. COVID-19 cases continue to affect the population with\nover 3,300 associated deaths, and as of 17 April 2022, there are 4,494\nactive cases. COVID-19 cases are highly underreported due to the\nweak surveillance system. By 15 October 2021, the Federal Ministry\nof Health had reported 1,822,868 cases of malaria compared with\n1,456,413 during the same period in 2020. The number of cases\nexceeded threshold levels in many States. Over 1,860 cases of\nhepatitis E were also registered in Sudan between June and\nDecember 2021.\n##### **Access and security challenges**\n\n\nThe recurring incidents of inter-communal violence and the inability\nof the authorities to protect civilians pose a severe challenge to the\neffectiveness and sustainability of protection responses. The intense\nlevels of insecurity and violence impede humanitarian access\nthroughout Darfur, South Kordofan and conflict-affected areas of\nWhite and Blue Nile states. Local authorities also cannot provide\nsecurity escort in a timely manner due to their engagement with\nother activities and limited capacity on the ground. Humanitarian\nactors are also concerned about the varying amounts of the payment\nrequested by security actors per soldier per day. Some protection\nNGOs operate in these areas, but they do not have any working\nrelationship with the Sudan Protection Sector.\n\n\nFrom 28 to 30 December 2021, looters entered three WFP\nwarehouses in El Fasher town (North Darfur) with over 5,000 metric\ntons of food and dismantled warehouse structures. The looting of\nWFP warehouses deprived nearly two million people of food and\nnutrition support. From 10 to 12 January 2022, looters targeted the\nformer UNAMID log base, stealing the remaining 123 vehicles and\n300 containers.\n\n\n5 Report of the Secretary-General, 2 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 1 Hotspot Localities as of 2022_\n\n#### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\nThe events before and following October 2021directly impacts the\npopulation\u2019s capacity to cope and increases the myriad protection\nthreats to the population. The threats include unlawful killings,\narbitrary detention, abduction, torture, and other forms of illtreatment; GBV; separated families and children; grave child rights\nviolations, including recruitment of children; the prevalence of\nExplosive Remnants of War (ERW); inter-communal conflict and\nforced displacement. These rights violations occur in an environment\nof general impunity where police do not have the capacity to\nrespond. In the conflict-affected areas, IDPs and the host community\ndo not have confidence in local authorities, armed forces and/or JPA\nsignatories.\n\n\n##### **RISK 1: Right to Life, Attacks on Civilians and Civilian** **Infrastructure**\n\nCivilians, including IDPs and returnees, are continuously facing\nthreats to their right to life in conflict-affected areas. Allegedly,\narmed nomadic groups and other unidentified armed groups\ndeliberately kill and injure civilians. Motivated by a combination of\ndifferent factors, including political and economic, these actors\nbenefit from a limited presence of a judiciary and police system.\n\n\n_Figure 2 Number of Protection of Civilian Incidents in 2021_\n\n\nThe presence of landmines and ERW in urban and rural areas also\nhave a devastating impact on local communities, IDPs, and returnees\nin all five Darfur states and South Kordofan, West Kordofan and Blue\nNile states. Per UNMAS, as of 31 December 2021, 136.7 km2 (84%)\nout of recorded 162 km2 of contaminated land has been released.\n\n\nBelow are figures from 2021. From November 2021 to January 2022,\nUNITAMS documented 161 alleged incidents of human rights\nviolations and abuses involving 778 victims, including 22 children.\nViolations of the right to life accounted for 368 victims (295 men, 63\nwomen and ten children), violations of physical integrity accounted\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "for 366 victims (340 men and 26 women), and abductions accounted\nfor 14 victims (including ten women). [6]\n\n\n_Figure 3 Number of Causalities Per State in 2021_\n\n##### **RISK 2: Displacement and Secondary Displacement due** **to Violence and Conflict**\n\n\nThe total number of internally displaced persons in Sudan is over 3.08\nmillion [7], with over 89,000 newly displaced persons in Darfur from\nOctober 2021 to January 2022. In South Kordofan, renewed intercommunal conflict resulted in the displacement of 40,000 individuals\nto Abu Jubaiha in December 2021. All other hotspot localities\nwitnessed small numbers of new displacement in 2021.\n\n\n6 Report of the Secretary-General, 2 March 2022\n\n\n\n_Figure 4 Map IDP Concentrations in Sudan_\n\n\nThe majority of the IDP caseload in Sudan is protracted, with over 1.7\nmillion displaced between 2003 to 2010 and an additional 1.07\nmillion displaced between 2011 and 2017. Secondary displacement\nof the protracted and newer caseloads is an issue. In 2021, systemic\nviolence displaced at least 440,000 persons, primarily IDPs, to 200\nlocations. Additionally, around 18,000 individuals fled to Chad. Of the\n180,000, 104,432 remain secondarily displaced in West Darfur.\nSecondary displacement weakens existing coping mechanisms and\nincreases the risk of adverse coping mechanisms such as child\nmarriage and survival sex.\n\n\n7 According to third round of IOM DTM report, January 2022.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Presence of IDPs per State - January 2022**\n\n\n**1006690**\n\n\n\n\n\n**41054**\n\n\nSouth Darfur North Darfur Central Darfur West Darfur\n\n\nSouth Kordofan Blue Nile West Kordofan East Darfur\n\n\nNorth Kordofan Total\n\n\nThe continued presence of armed actors forces many IDPs, especially\nwomen and girls, to limit their movement outside camps, where\nsecurity is more stable and predictable.\n\n\nEfforts to support durable solutions for IDPs, their local integration,\nand the reintegration of returnees, do not bring concrete results due\nto recurring violence. IDP returnees face challenges with respect to\naccessing land, firewood collection points and water.\n\n\nCertain locations are difficult to reach due to insecurity associated,\nnotably due to the widespread proliferation of arms and constant\nthreats of violence.\n\n##### **RISK 3: Denial and impediments to access to services**\n\n\nThe civilian population face the brunt of the macro-economic effect\nof the political instability and conflict in Sudan in forms of the\nincreased cost of living (200% increase in staple food prices, 318%\ninflation, 600% in electricity tariffs, etc..), reduction of livelihood and\n\n\n8 IPC\n9 Famine Early Warning Systems Network Key Message Update February\n2022\n\n\n\neconomic capacities to cope (disruption of harvesting, increased\ninput costs, etc.), limited access to services, disruption of general\nsocial cohesion and the consequent severing of social ties. Civilians,\nincluding IDPs in the conflict-affected areas, are severely restricted in\nthe realisation of their rights to assistance and the rights to work,\nsocial security and adequate standards of living, housing, health and\neducation. The protracted nature of the crisis has left the population\nwith limited means of livelihood or social or economic opportunities\nto address their own situation.\n\n\nAbout 9.8 million people in Sudan may experience Crisis\u2014IPC 3\u2014or\nworse levels of acute food insecurity in 2022 due to below-average\ncrop yields, continued conflict and displacement, increasing food\nprices, and reduced household purchasing power. [8]\n\n\nAs of mid-January 2022, the 2021/22 harvest is complete. However,\nthe outbreak of conflict in parts of Darfur and Kordofan regions,\nshortages and the high cost of resources delayed the harvest. Overall,\nthe harvest is expected to be lower than that of 2021. Fuel shortages\nand high electricity costs have negatively impacted wheat planting.\nFarmers are limited in hiring enough labour due to increased wages\n(around 300% compared to 2020). The area cultivated is expected to\nbe lower than last year and the five-year average [9] .\n\n\nIntercommunal fighting between the local population, IDPs and\nreturnees is rising due to the tensions on land use and several cases\nof crop destruction (around 1000 farms were destroyed in the\nconflict between farmers and pastoralists). [10]\n\n\nAccess to services is severely compromised by the widespread\nviolence, conflict, and lack of access to remedies. Health always\nremains a challenge for IDPs and returnees in remote areas due to a\nlack of health centres or shortages of medicines and staff. Health\n\n\n10 Report of the Secretary-General, 2 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "facilities are recently subject to deliberate attacks and looting,\nthereby restricting health care access for civilians, exacerbating\nhealth needs amid an ongoing surge in coronavirus disease (COVID19) cases. WHO had distributed more than 850 rapid response kits to\ncover approximately 1.1 million people for three months. [11]\n\n\nThe cost of education remains an obstacle for IDP children\nspecifically. Schools lack feeding programs and classrooms and\ngenerally do not offer a safe environment.\n\n\nThe World Bank launched a family support program (cash-transfer)\nlaunched in February 2021 and is expanding in the states of Western,\nNorthern and Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile, Eastern Darfur and\nCentral Darfur. Despite eight million people registered, challenges to\nthe registration and payment systems have delayed roll-outs. The\nprogram has now suspended registration after the World Bank\npaused its activities in Sudan due to the political situation.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the collective efforts of humanitarian and political\nactors to bring the attention of authorities and institutions to the\nurgent need to reverse these downward and negative trends, no\nsubstantial progress has been observed. The population of Sudan is\nfacing the day-to-day risk of being denied services, opportunities and\nresources.\n\n##### **RISK 4: Gender-based violence**\n\n\nWhile the Government made a landmark decision to outlaw Female\nGenital Mutilation (FGM) in July 2020, legislation in Sudan continues\nto have significant shortcomings concerning the prevention of GBV.\nRape legislation was amended in 2015, removing previous legislation\nthat equated crimes of rape and adultery. While Article 149 of the\nCriminal Act provides a more substantive definition of rape, a lack of\nclarity remains about the age of consent due to the existence of\n\n\n11 \u201cIn a statement on January 11, WHO Regional Director for the Eastern\nMediterranean Dr. Ahmed Al-Mandhari condemned the threats against\n\n\n\nconflicting laws, including the Criminal Act of 1991, wherein\nadulthood is defined in reference to puberty, and the Child Act of\n2010, which defines a child as any person under 18 years of age. In\naddition, existing legislation does not outlaw marital rape, and Sudan\ndoes not have domestic violence legislation. Furthermore, traditional\nsocial norms often center blame for abuse on survivors themselves,\nproviding impunity for perpetrators. Due to a lack of resources,\nunderfunded police forces and judicial actors are often unable to\nimplement investigations or conduct criminal proceedings to bring\nperpetrators to justice. Creating safe services to ease GBV survivors\u2019\naccess to justice or medical attention remains challenging for both\nnational and international service providers.\n\n\nPervasive Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CRSV) continues to be\nregularly reported by the Protection Sector partners. Women and\ngirls suffer disproportionally from GBV while collecting firewood,\nengaging in farm work, fetching water, or travelling. The widespread\nsocial stigma associated with GBV can create barriers for survivors in\naccessing services, leading to social exclusion, isolation and selfblaming. The underreporting of GBV is also attributed to this social\nstigma and the inability of authorities to bring perpetrators to justice\nand provide legal remedies and recovery services.\n\n#### 4. RESPONSE\n\n\nThe Protection Sector in Sudan comprises General Protection, Child\nProtection, GBV and Mine action AoRs. There is also active Housing\nLand and Property and Durable Solutions Working groups that work\nclosely with Protection Cluster. These structures meet every month\nat the national and state level (five Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue\nNile). The Protection Sector developed its strategy and work plan.\nThe Sector developed the Protection of Civilians\u2019 Incidents Tracking\ntool in consultation with other agencies. It also publishes maps of\n\n\nhealth care providers and called on Sudanese authorities to enforce\ninternational\u201d, Report of the Secretary-General, 2 March 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection of Civilians\u2019 Incidents Tracking\ntool", - "confidence": 0.8112117648124695, - "start": 639, - "end": 646 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5891444683074951, - "start": 670, - "end": 671 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8486999273300171, - "start": 677, - "end": 678 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "hotspot areas and regularly issues protection of civilians\u2019 advocacy\nbriefs. The Sector also disseminates monthly updates and daily and\nweekly updates in times of crisis.\n\n\nFunding situation permitted, the UN protection agencies, Protection\nCluster, its AoRs, and their partners implemented activities\nmentioned under funding data.\n\n\nWhile most of these activities were conducted in response to several\nemergencies in Darfur, South, West Kordofan and Blue Nile states,\nsome activities were also implemented in the areas of protracted\ndisplacement.\n\n\nThe Protection Sector and its AoRs also actively supported the\ndevelopment of the One UN Protection of Civilians strategy and\nsupport plan for the National Plan for the Protection of Civilians\n(NPPOC). Before the military coup of 25 October 2021, the Sector was\npreparing to organise a joint national and several workshops at the\nstate level to develop further and prioritise proposed activities. The\nProtection Sector and AoRs also actively advocated for establishing\nthe state-level protection of civilians\u2019 committees and working\nrelationships with the National Mechanism on the Protection of\nCivilians.\n\n\nFurthermore, these actors and concerned government counterparts\nprovided their inputs and contributed to the development of a\ndurable solutions strategy for Sudanese IDPs and refugees and\nsupported the works of the HLP and DSWGs.\n\n##### 4.1- Funding data\n\n\nThe total funding requirement for **HRP 2021** of Sudan was **USD**\n**1.94bn,** out of which **USD 149,928,919 was planned for protection**\n**activities.** However **, only 20%** (USD 30,559,006 **) was provided,** and\nUSD 116,369,913 remained unmet. **The same amount of USD**\n**1.94bn is the funding requirement for HRP 2022, with USD**\n**161,917,433 for protection activities that incudes General**\n\n\n\n**Protection, Child Protection and GBV. However, as of 05 April 2022,**\n**only 1,705,350 in funding has been received** **.**\n\n\nIf the funding situation continues as such, and the government does\nnot take concrete steps towards the implementation of the NPPOC,\nprotection agencies and actors will not be able to provide effective\nassistance, including under:\n\n\n**a) protection** : conduct protection assessments, protection\nmonitoring by presence and remotely, referrals to specialised\nservices, provide legal assistance, psycho-social support, emergency\ncash assistance, awareness-raising, implement community support\nprojects, support community-based protection networks, capacity\nbuilding of service providers, conduct advocacy, protective\naccompaniment under.\n\n\n**b)** **child protection:** individuals with awareness-raising and\ncommunity engagement activities on child protection issues,\nreaching girls and boys with structured and sustained child\nprotection and psychosocial support activities, providing girls and\nboys with specialised child protection services, such as case\nmanagement and support to national child protection actors, and\nfacilitating leadership in coordination such as technical task forces,\nplace and support Unaccompanied and Separated Children in\nAlternative care, provide family tracing and reunification services,\nprovide rehabilitation and reintegration activities of children\nreleased from armed groups and armed forces, legal assistance\n(detention representation), on civil documentation including birth\ncertificates and other documents, conduct capacity building\nactivities, including mentoring and coaching, for government, NGO\nstaff and community based child protection structures, child\nprotection assessments or child protection monitoring missions,\nassistance to children with Disabilities, support community based\nprotection networks **.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**c) GBV** : establish, rehabilitate women centres, support their\noperational costs, provide Case Management and referral services,\nestablish or construct semi-permanent safe spaces/multi-purpose\n(child and adolescent), procure and distribute tents for emergency\nChild-Friendly Spaces, provide their running cost, furniture,\nstationaries and equipment (Solar Power System, computer), procure\nand distribute recreation PSS and dignity kits tents for emergency\nresponse, support women & girls with startup capital for Income\nGenerating Activities and vocational skills, conduct training for\ncommunity members involved in GBV prevention and response,\ntraining on GBV for Non-GBV service providers, trainings on GBV for\nspecialised GBV service providers, provide dignity kits, specialized\nGBV response services and conduct GBV assessments.\n\n##### 5. RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n**The Protection Sector seeks advocacy support for the following**\n**points required for the protection of civilians:**\n\n**1)** It is critical to implement the NPPOC fully, considered an official\ndocument by the UNSC. Apart from the formation of joint security\nforces, the plan includes activities in the following nine thematic\nareas: 1) addressing the issues of displaced persons and refugees; 2)\nthe rule of law and human rights; 3) disarmament, demobilisation\nand reintegration; 4) combating violence against women and\nchildren; 5) humanitarian action; 6) strengthening conflict avoidance\nand resolution mechanisms; 7) issues involving nomads and\nherdsmen; 8) reconstruction, development and basic services; and 9)\nwater and sanitation. To ensure the implementation of the NPPOC,\nthe GoS has to re-establish the National Mechanism and state-level\nProtection of Civilians Committees with clear ToRs and National-level\ncivil and military support and strong advice to coordinate closely with\nthe humanitarian and development actors.\n**2)** Safeguarding the civilian character of the IDP camps, villages of\ndisplacement and return is essential as there are reports on the\n\n\n\npresence of armed groups in and around such areas by SAF, armed\nnomads, and other armed movements signatory to JPA, violating the\nfundamental humanitarian principles and increasing the potential for\nlarge-scale violence in these areas as well as possible child\nrecruitment. It is also vital to implement the disarmament,\ndemobilisation, and reintegration process of the Juba Peace\nAgreement, which will allow protection actors and partners to\nmaintain critical and life-saving activities based on the international\nhumanitarian principles of \u2018impartiality\u2019, \u2018neutrality\u2019, and\n\u2018independence\u2019.\n\n**3)** The ability of humanitarian agencies to deliver services is directly\nlinked to the ability and willingness of the authorities to assure the\nsafety and security of humanitarian personnel and assets, including\nthrough the provision of security escort to unsafe areas. Any acts of\nviolence against humanitarian organisations and their personnel\nconstitute a direct attack on the most vulnerable populations.\nWithout the guarantee of security, humanitarian service provision is\nat risk of halting.\n**4)** Immediate stepping-up of efforts by regional and national\nauthorities and the law enforcement to prevent and investigate the\nupsurging security incidents, crimes, and human rights abuses,\nincluding gender-based violence, is essential to de-escalate\nintercommunal tensions, prevent displacement and control the\nsecurity situations by bringing perpetrators to justice ensuring law\nand order. Strengthened governance and state protection are\nessential to regain the trust and confidence in government\ninstitutions at the state level.\n**5)** The Protection Sector also draws attention to the funding situation\nof humanitarian actors, protection in particular, and strongly\nrecommends supporting the implementation of planned activities\nunder the 2022 HRP. The Sector also encourages the Humanitarian\nCountry Team to consider adding protection as a standing agenda\nitem of their meetings.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9733c616-12cd-3c7a-a03f-6ee78a3b27a2/220502_PAU_Sudan_National_Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_600/raw/doc_600_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_600/raw/doc_600_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ca8dd71325ae4f225cfc7505811f5a59d2eff0a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_600/raw/doc_600_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals to Europe between January and June 2020 [1]\n\nBetween January and June 2020, **6,177** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. Of these, **2,302** (37%)\nwere unaccompanied or separated children (UASC) [2] . Child arrivals in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria and Spain in the first half of 2020\ndecreased by **32%** compared to the first half in 2019 ( **8,236** ).\n\n\n#### Greece\n\nBetween January and June 2020, some 3,340 [3]\nchildren arrived in Greece by land and sea,\nincluding 391 UASC (12%) [4] . Like the number\nof people arriving overall in 2020 so far, the\nnumber of children also decreased, with 43%\nfewer children arriving than in the first half of\n2019 (5,905). The number of children arriving\nunaccompanied or separated also decreased,\nwith 61% less children compared to the same\nperiod in 2019 (994). Most children, including\nUASC, were from Afghanistan, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, the Democratic Republic of Congo,\nIraq and State of Palestine.\n#### Bulgaria\n\nBetween January and June 2020, some 101\nchildren lodged their asylum applications in\nBulgaria. Among them, 48% were UASC (48).\nMost asylum-seeking children originated from\nAfghanistan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq. [7]\n\n\n#### Spain\n\nBetween January and June 2020, some 870 [5]\nchildren were estimated to have arrived by sea\nand land, including some 329 (38%) UASC.\nThis is a 50% decrease compared to the same\nperiod in 2019 (1,750). Arrivals of UASC in\nthe first half of 2020 also decreased by 39%\ncompared to the same period in 2019 (538).\nBased on estimates, most children, including\nUASC, originated from Algeria, Morocco,\nGuinea and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.\n\n#### Malta\n\nBetween January and June 2020, some 446 [8]\nchildren, including 415 (93%) UASC were\namong arrivals resulting from search and\nrescue activities. Most children, including\nUASC, originated from Sudan, Somalia and\nBangladesh.\n\n\n#### Italy\n\nAmong the 1,289 children who arrived in Italy\nbetween January and June 2020, 1,080 (84%)\nwere UASC \u2013 a ratio amongst all children\nthat has remained consistent in recent years.\nArrivals of children in the first half of 2020\nmore than doubled compared to the same\nperiod in 2019 (486). Most children originated\nfrom Bangladesh, Tunisia, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, and\nGuinea. [6]\n\n#### Cyprus\n\n\nAmong the 131 children who arrived in Cyprus\nbetween January and June 2020 by sea, 39\n(30%) were UASC. Most children, including\nUASC, originated from the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Somalia.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n**Demographic of Arrivals, including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children**\n\nGREECE SPAIN ITALY MALTA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n39%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n39%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBULGARIA CYPRUS Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\nGreece 2,949 391\nItaly 209 1,080\nSpain 541 329\nBulgaria 53 48\nMalta 31 415\nCyprus 92 39\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n**Nationality of Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees;_\n_Spanish Ministry of Interior; Malta Immigration Police; and Ministry for Home Affairs, National_\n_Security and Law Enforcement, Malta (MHAS)._\n\n\n\n\n\n!\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n\n**Age and sex breakdown of all Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\nAmong the 3,033 accompanied children who arrived in Greece,\nBulgaria and Malta between January and June 2020, 30% were\n0 to 4 years old, 53% were 5 to 14 years old and 17% were 15\nto 17 years old. The age breakdown for accompanied children in\nItaly, Spain and Cyprus is not available.\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years 15 - 17 years\n\n\n\n**Reception on arrival as of June 2020**\n\nGreece\n### \u25aa Of all children present in Greece, 48% were living in urban\n\nareas (apartments, hotels, shelters for unaccompanied\nchildren, self-settled, etc.); 28% were in accommodation sites ;\n1% were in safe zones for unaccompanied children and 23%\nwere in Reception and Identification Centres.\n### \u25aa An estimated 45,100 children were present in Greece as of 30\n\nJune 2020, an increase from 32,000 in June 2019.\n\n\nItaly\n### \u25aa The majority of UASC registered at the end of June 2020\n\n(94%) were in shelters for unaccompanied children run by\nstate authorities and non-profit entities, while the rest were in\nfamily care arrangements (6%).\n### \u25aa As of June 2020, some 5,016 unaccompanied migrant and\n\nasylum - seeking children (95% boys and 5% girls) were\npresent in the country.\n\n\nSpain\n### \u25aa There are specialised government-run reception centers across\n\nthe 17 Autonomous communities and the 2 autonomous\ncities of Ceuta and Melilla available to accommodate children.\n### \u25aa As of the end of February 2020, there were 11,978 UASC in\n\nreception (1,099 female and 10,879 male), according to the\nADEXTTRA registry of unaccompanied migrant children.\n\nMalta\n### \u25aa Upon arrival, unaccompanied children awaiting age\n\nassessment are placed in detention facilities. After the age\nassessment has been conducted, those found to be underage\nmay be placed in open reception centers with dedicated\nsections for unaccompanied children over the age of 16.\nUnaccompanied children below the age of 16 are usually\naccommodated in Dar Il-Liedna open centre, designated for\nchildren.\n### \u25aa At the end of June 2020, an estimated 350 unaccompanied\n\nchildren were accommodated in open centers, while a\nfurther 338 remained in detention facilities. Another 90\nunaccompanied children were hosted at the Initial Reception\nCenter.\n\n\nBulgaria\n### \u25aa 101 children, including 48 unaccompanied children, were\n\naccommodated in reception facilities in Sofia and Southern\nBulgaria.\n\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina\n### \u25aa Migrant and asylum-seeking/refugee children are hosted\n\nin Temporary Reception Centres and other formal\naccommodation throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.\n### \u25aa Unaccompanied children were accommodated in Usivak, Bira,\n\nMiral, Borici, Sedra, and Blazuj Temporary Reception Centers.\n### \u25aa As of June 2020, a total of 817 migrant and asylum-seeking/\n\nrefugee children were present in the country. Of these 468\nchildren (268 boys and 200 girls) were accommodated with\nfamily members and 349 were unaccompanied (348 boys,\none girl).\n\n\nCroatia\n### \u25aa The Croatian government designated two facilities for\n\nchildren in Zagreb and in Split for the initial reception of UASC\nduring which best interests\u2019 procedures are undertaken.\nThese should be completed within 3 months to determine\nappropriate solutions, including on accommodation and care.\nThe children, irrespective of their legal status, are largely\nentitled to the same protection and care as Croatian children.\n### \u25aa From January to June 2020 there were 104 UASC registered\n\nas seeking international protection in Croatia, of which 97\nboys (10 boys of 0-13 years old, 13 boys of 14-15 years old, 74\nboys of 16-17 years old) and 7 girls (2 girls of 0-13 years old, 1\ngirls 14-15 years old, 4 girls 16-17 years old).\n\n\n\n53%\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n3 0 %\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\n\n75%\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\n17%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and\nMalta between January and June 2020 were between 15 and\n17 years old (90% overall). Age disaggregated data on children\narriving in Spain and Cyprus is not available.\n\n\n\n0 - 4 years 5 - 14 years\n\n\n\n15 - 17 years\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies on UASC in reception, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security_\n_and Law Enforcement (MHSE)._\n\n_Note: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and sex across countries, these graphs refer to estimates._\n\n\nSex Breakdown of Children by Country of Arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys among arrivals remains high: 85% of\nchildren who arrived through various Mediterranean routes between\nJanuary and June 2020 were boys. The proportion of girls arriving\nalone in Greece in the same period decreased by half (19%) compared\nto the first half in 2019 (42%), whereas the proportion of boys arriving\nunaccompanied in Italy remained consistent with previous trends. The\nproportion of boys among arrivals to Malta remained similar compared\nto the children arrived in the whole of 2019.\n\n\n\n95%\n\n\n94%\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\nBOYS\n\n\n81%\n\n\n75%\n\n\n\n63%\n\n\n\nGIRLS\n\n\n5%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n\n_*For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 5,016 UASC registered in the reception system as of 30 June_\n_2020 according to the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies._\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.6306623816490173, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.5904983878135681, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5067986845970154, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied migrant and\n\nasylum - seeking children", - "confidence": 0.5000107884407043, - "start": 267, - "end": 274 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ADEXTTRA registry", - "confidence": 0.7520973682403564, - "start": 354, - "end": 356 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5574396848678589, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied migrant children", - "confidence": 0.6639223098754883, - "start": 357, - "end": 360 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.8809915781021118, - "start": 806, - "end": 809 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.6079813241958618, - "start": 810, - "end": 811 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reception system", - "confidence": 0.9033674001693726, - "start": 1061, - "end": 1063 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies", - "confidence": 0.852540135383606, - "start": 1071, - "end": 1078 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.6009750366210938, - "start": 986, - "end": 987 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n\nHungary\n### \u25aa Unaccompanied children cannot legally be detained in\n\nHungary, while accompanied children may be detained for up\nto 30 days with their families. Unaccompanied children are\naccommodated in a dedicated children\u2019s home in Budapest.\n### \u25aa From 1 January to 21 May 2020, about 207 children, including\n\n6 separated children, were detained in the transit zones.\n### \u25aa In June, there were about 50 accompanied children in the\n\nreception centres. 7 unaccompanied (6 boys, 1 girl) were\nadditionally accommodated in the Children\u2019s Home as of\nJune.\n\n\nMontenegro\n### \u25aa A total of 78 children were accommodated in closed and open\n\nreceptions centers in facilities in Podgorica, Spuz and Konik. Of\nthose, 38 were accompanied boys, 4 unaccompanied boys,\nand 36 accompanied girls. There were no unaccompanied\ngirls.\n\n\nPoland\n### \u25aa Accompanied children may be placed in detention, reception\n\nfacilities or private accommodation together with their parents\nor legal guardians. Unaccompanied children are placed in\nchildcare facilities together with Polish children.\n### \u25aa On 30 June, there was one unaccompanied child in the\n\nasylum procedure in Poland.\n\n\n\nRomania\n### \u25aa Families with children, who do not have sufficient resources\n\nfor private accommodation, are hosted in one of six existing\nreception facilities.\n### \u25aa UAC under the age of 16 are usually referred to national child\n\nprotection services and placed in residential facilities run by the\nChild Protection Directorate, where they are accommodated\ntogether with Romanian children in similar situations. Older\nadolescents typically remain in government-run reception\nfacilities for asylum seekers and refugees of all ages.\n### \u25aa As of June 2020, some 89 unaccompanied children submitted\n\ntheir asylum requests.\n\n\nSlovenia\n### \u25aa Asylum-seeking UAC are placed in quarantine (related to\n\nCOVID) at Logatec closed accommodation facility for 10 days.\nSome are then transferred to student dormitories in Postojna.\nOne of these has been designated for the reception of UAC\nand can accommodate up to 22 children.\n### \u25aa Unaccompanied children who do not apply for asylum may\n\nbe confined (related to COVID) in accordance with the\nForeigners Act. Also asylum-seeking children accompanied\nby their parents may be confined.\nReception systems for children vary greatly across and within\ncountries and can pose protection risks if not appropriate for the\nneeds of children, particularly unaccompanied and separated\nchildren. A significant number of unaccompanied children are not\nhosted in formal shelters or family-based care arrangements. While\nofficial information is unavailable, reports suggest many of these\nchildren have moved onwards, residing in informal accommodation\nor on the streets.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n#### Impact of COVID\n\n\n\nThe impact which COVID-19 has had on entire systems and\npopulation groups of course extends to refugee and migrant\nchildren. Suspension of procedures such as registration, age\nassessment and asylum impacted access to services for\nchildren, including guardianship, and in some contexts access\nto appropriate shelter. Family reunion/reunification has been\ndelayed with the suspension of asylum procedures, consular\nservices in third countries and limited flight options to facilitate\ntransfers. Physical distancing and confinement measures have\nexacerbated previous challenges of individual oversight and case\nmanagement, effective information provision to children as well\nas support for caregivers and parents. Access to education has\nbeen a challenge particularly in reception facilities, as refugee and\nmigrant children may not have the same levels of connectivity for\nonline learning, and with crowded reception conditions being far\nless conducive to learning than school environments. Integration\nmay also be hindered as regular interaction in schools and with\nhost community children and teachers has been disrupted.\nOverall, heightened risk factors such as increased poverty and\nfood insecurity, limited access to education, disruption of peer\nand social support networks for children/caregivers, as well as\ncommunity and social support services, have had a detrimental\neffect on mental health and psycho-social well-being, and\nexacerbated the risk of violence, abuse and neglect for children,\nboth unaccompanied and within families.\n\n\n\nPositive practice s :\n\n\n- In France, self-declared minority was accepted to facilitate\naccess to child protection services while age assessment\nprocedures remained suspended\n\n\n- In a number of national contexts, remote case management\nfor children continued while confinement measures\nprevented in-person support and visits\n\n\n- In a number of national contexts, the validity of residence\npermits \u2013 including those for unaccompanied children and\nasylum seekers - due to expire in the first half of 2020 has\nbeen extended, as access to police and administration\noffices was delayed due to COVID-19 restrictive measures.\n\n\n- The storybook \u201cMy Hero is You\u201d is a child-friendly publication\ndeveloped by the IASC MHPSS reference group and already\ntranslated into several languages to explain covid to children.\n\n\n- In Bulgaria, the child protection agency has set up a hotline\naccessible for covid-related advice and information for\nparents and children.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions\n\n\n\nDuring the first half of 2020, countries in Europe [9] recorded some\n**218,755** new asylum seekers. Nearly a third of them ( **69,010** )\nwere children \u2013 a decrease of **29%** compared to the number of\nchild asylum applicants in the first half in 2019 (97,235).\n\n\nDuring the first half of 2020, the **Syrian Arab Republic**\ncontinued to be most common country of origin among child\nasylum seekers (22%), followed by Afghanistan (13%), **Iraq**\n(6%), **Venezuela, Colombia** and **Eritrea** (4% each).\n\n\n**45%** of all child asylum seekers were female. Among the top\ncountries of origin for child asylum seekers, females represented\na high proportion of those from **C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire** (64%), followed\nby **Guinea (54%), Nigeria** (52%), **Venezuela** (50%), **Turkey**\nand the **Democratic Republic of Congo** (49%), **Colombia**\n(48%), **Russian Federation** (47%), **Eritrea** and **Syrian Arab**\n**Republic** (46% each).\n\n\nLike previous years, **Germany** remained the top destination\nfor refugee and migrant children, registering 37% of all child\nasylum applications between January and June 2020 (25,755\nchildren). Other countries that recorded large numbers of child\nasylum seekers included **France** (9,590 children, 14%), **Greece**\n(8,385 children, 12%), **Spain** (8,115 children, 12%), and the\n**United Kingdom** (3,445 children, 5%).\n\n\nFirst-time Asylum Applications Lodged by Children, and\nAsylum Applicants considered to be Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children, between January and June 2020, by\nCountry of Asylum*\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nUnited Kingdom\n\n\nSweden\n\n\nAustria\n\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\nBelgium\n\n\nNetherlands\n\n\n_*The difference in numbers of arrivals and asylum applications can be explained by the long waiting times before_\n_people can claim asylum, backlogs in national asylum systems, as well as the fact that applications can be submitted_\n_by persons who have arrived previously or did not necessarily come through the Mediterranean Routes._\n\n\n\n\n\nBetween January and June 2020, a total of **74,635** decisions\nwere issued for child asylum claims by national authorities across\nEurope. Among those, **60%** were positive \u2013 a similar percentage as\ncompared to the first half of 2019 (59%). Most decisions granting\nrefugee status and subsidiary protection were issued by Germany\nto Syrian, Iraqi and Afghan children, while the majority of decisions\ngranting humanitarian status were issued by Spain to Venezuelan\nand Ukrainian children.\n\n\nOf all children who received a positive decision, **68%** were granted\n**refugee status** (slightly down from 72% same period in 2019),\n18% were granted subsidiary protection (19% same period in\n2019) and 15% humanitarian status (up from 9% same period in\n2019).\n\n\nAmong top countries of origin, the share of negative decisions\nwas notably higher among those coming from North and West\nAfrican countries, as well as children from Pakistan (80%), Russian\nFederation (78%) and Iraq (43%).\n\n\nDecisions on Child Asylum Applications between\nJanuary and June 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n61%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n41%\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nRejected\n\n\n\n\n\n1951 Refugee\nConvention\nstatus\n\n\n_Source: Eurostat 2019_\n\n\n\nHumanitarian Subsidiary\nstatus protection\nstatus\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nAfter the official closure of the EU emergency relocation scheme in\n2018, IOM has continued to support national authorities to relocate\nmigrants and refugees arriving by sea to other EU Member States\nthrough bilateral agreements between countries involved, as well\nas increasingly through EC funded projects implemented by IOM\nin Greece and Malta in coordination with UNHCR and UNICEF.\nDespite the challenges faced due to COVID-19, IOM relocation\nefforts continued throughout all months of the reporting period.\nBetween January and June 2020, a total of 108 children (95 boys,\n13 girls) were relocated from Greece, Italy, France and Malta. Of\nthem, 103 were unaccompanied children and were relocated to\nGermany (55), Ireland (8) and Luxembourg (12) under relocation\nprojects, while others were relocated to the UK (28) under the\nDubs scheme.\n\n\n[ _[source](https://eea.iom.int/relocation)_ ] _:_\n\n\n#### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\nOf all returnees from Greece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey\nStatement between 2016 and March 2020 (2,140), 107 (5%) were\nchildren. All of them were returned with their families.\n\n\n[ _[source](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75075)_ ] _: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73295_\n\n#### Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to Children and UASC\n\nBetween January and June 2020, IOM provided AVRR support to\n17,793 migrants globally (37% less than the same period in 2019).\nAbout 9% of them were children, including 14 unaccompanied\nand separated children. Overall, 5,834 beneficiaries were\nassisted to return from countries of the European Economic\nArea (EEA) and Switzerland. Of these, 29% (1,68) were\nassisted to return from Germany only and 19% (1,142) were\nchildren, including 14 who were unaccompanied or separated.\nOut of all beneficiaries assisted to return from the EEA and\nSwitzerland, around 15% (881) returned to countries of SouthEastern, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; 8% (487) returned to\nthe Middle East and Northern Africa, 8% (433) to countries of\nSouth America and the remaining 69% (4,033) to other regions.\n\n#### Children Resettled to Europe\n\nOf the total 11,200 people in resettlement procedures in Europe\nbetween January and June 2020, 52% were children (28% boys\nand 24% girls). Children\u2019s resettlement cases in Europe were\nmost commonly being considered by Sweden, France, Germany,\nNorway, the United Kingdom and Netherlands. The most common\nnationalities of children whose cases were being considered by\nEuropean stats for resettlement included Syrians, Congolese\n(DRC), South Sudanese, Sudanese and Eritreans.\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA), Italian Ministry of Interior, Bulgarian_\n_State Agency for Refugees, Spanish Ministry of Interior, Eurostat, BAMF-Germany, IOM, UNHCR resettlement_\n_portal and UNICEF._\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - June 2020\n\n\n#### Definitions:\n\nA \u201c **separated child** \u201d is a child separated from both parents or\nfrom his/her previous legal or customary primary care-giver, but\nnot necessarily from other relatives. This may, therefore, mean\nthat the child is accompanied by other adult family members.\n\n\nAn \u201c **unaccompanied child** \u201d is a child separated from both parents\nand other relatives and are not being cared for by any other adult\n[who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. [source]](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/4098b3172/inter-agency-guiding-principles-unaccompanied-separated-children.html)\n\n\nA \u201c **refugee** \u201d is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being\npersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership\nof a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the\ncountry of his nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is\nunwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country (Article 1\nA 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\nAn \u201c **asylum seeker** \u201d is a person who has applied for asylum and\nis waiting for a decision as to whether or not they are a refugee.\nDetermination of refugee status can only be of a declaratory\nnature. Indeed, any person is a refugee within the framework of a\ngiven instrument if he meets the criteria of the refugee definition\nin that instrument, whether he is formally recognized as a refugee\nor not (UNHCR Note on Determination of Refugee Status under\n[International Instruments). [source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments)\n\n\nA \u201c **migrant** \u201d refers to any person who is moving or has moved\nacross an international border or within a State away from his/her\nhabitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person\u2019s legal\nstatus; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3)\nwhat the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length of\n[the stay is. [source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n\n#### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied and\nUASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions,\nprofiling of arrivals, relocation from Greece and Italy under the\nEU relocation scheme, as well as returns from Greece to Turkey\nunder the EU-Turkey statement.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to June\n2020 and is produced every six months to provide up-todate information on refugee and migrant children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and reflects only sea\narrivals for Greece and Italy. Data for Spain includes both sea and land arrivals and is based on\nUNHCR estimates, pending provision of final figures by Spanish Ministry of Interior (MOI);\nfigures for UASC are only available for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or Melilla).\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or\ncustomary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may, therefore,\ninclude children accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children are\nchildren who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being\ncared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so (IASC).\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border activities and are\nprovided by Hellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, a total of 739 referrals were made to the Greek National\nCentre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on islands and mainland\nGreece, including near the land border with Turkey in January-June 2020.\n\n5. UNHCR estimated figures pending provision of final figures by Spanish Ministry of Interior\n(MOI); figures on UASC arrivals to Ceuta and Melilla are not included. Children arriving in the\nCanary Islands from Western Africa through the Atlantic are included.\n\n6. Data on arrivals and demographic of refugees and migrants registered in Italy is based on\ninformation received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n7. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on\ndata and trends that isn\u2019t typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the\nBulgarian Helsinki Committee.\n\n8. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home Affairs,\nNational Security and Law Enforcement (MHAS), Malta. UASC figures are based on age\ndeclared by the refugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all the persons who make such\na declaration are recognised to be UASC by the authorities after the age assessment is\nconducted.\n\n9. European Union Member States + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland and the\nUnited Kingdom.\n\n\n#### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements are\nlargely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely disaggregated by nationalities, risk\ncategory, gender or age. Reliable data on the number of UASC either arriving to, or currently residing in, different European countries is\noften unavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by UASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not necessarily\nprovide an accurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular movements or children not\napplying for asylum at all. In addition, due to different definitions and national procedures and practices, collecting accurate data on\nseparated children specifically is very challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as either accompanied or unaccompanied).\nIt should also be noted that for UASC asylum claims for the period January to June 2020, since Eurostat publish UASC data on annual\nbasis, data was available only for few countries at the time when this factsheet was released.\n\n\nJointly compiled and produced by:\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Siraj Mahmudlu**\nsmahmudlu@unicef.org\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet, please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afa855d-525e-3ec2-afce-5708bef0aeee/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20June%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_601/raw/doc_601_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_601/raw/doc_601_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a0c43ff1bc78913bae8907cb0c36285473fc248b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_601/raw/doc_601_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals in Europe between January and December 2020 [1]\n\nIn 2020, **16,750** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. Of these, **10,343** (62%) were unaccompanied or\nseparated children (UASC). [2 ] Child arrivals decreased by **50%** in 2020 compared to 2019 **(33,200).**\n\n\n#### Greece\n\nSome 4,602 [3] children arrived by land and sea\nin 2020, 82% fewer than the previous year\n(25,443) in line with a broader decline in overall\narrivals compared to 2019. Of these, 895 were\nUASC (19%), [4] 77% less than in 2019 (3,852).\nMost of the children, including UASC, were\nfrom Afghanistan, the Syrian Arab Republic, the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo, Somalia and\nIraq.\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\nSome 1,125 children lodged asylum\napplications in 2020, 70% of whom were UASC\n(798). Most of these asylum-seeking children\noriginated from Afghanistan, the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Iraq. [7]\n\n\n#### Spain\n\nIn 2020, some 3,890 [5] children were estimated\nto have arrived by sea, only a 3% increase\ncompared to 2019 (3,775). Of these, 3,340\nwere UASC (86%), 56% more than in 2019\n(2,147). According to estimates, most of the\nchildren, including UASC, originated from\nMorocco, Mali, Algeria and Senegal.\n\n#### Malta\n\nIn 2020, some 610 [8] children, including 537\n(88%) UASC, arrived following search and\nrescue operations at sea. Child arrivals, including\nUASC, in 2020 were 30% lower compared\nto 2019 (868). Most of the children, including\nUASC, originated from Sudan, Somalia and\nBangladesh.\n\n\n#### Italy\n\nNearly three times more children arrived\nin 2020 (6,252) than in 2019 (2,232). Of\nthese, 75% (4,687) were UASC, a proportion\nconsistent with recent years. Most of the\nchildren, including UASC, originated from\nTunisia, Bangladesh, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire and Guinea. [6]\n\n#### Cyprus\n\n\nSome 271 children arrived by sea in 2020,\nincluding 86 UASC. Most of the children,\nincluding UASC, originated from the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Somalia.\n\n\n_1_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n**Demographic of Arrivals, including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children**\n\n\n\nGREECE SPAIN ITALY MALTA\n\n\n\nSPAIN\n\n\n\n\n\nITALY\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\nBULGARIA\n\n**Bulgaria**\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\nCYPRUS\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n\nGreecey\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n29%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Nationality of Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees;_\n_Spanish Ministry of Interior (MOI), Spanish Ombudsman; Malta Immigration Police; and Ministry for_\n_Home Affairs, National Security and Law Enforcement, Malta (MHSE)._\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n\n**Age and sex breakdown of all Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\n\nAmong the 4,419 accompanied children who arrived in Greece,\nBulgaria and Malta in 2020, 24% were 0-4 years old, 58%\nwere 5-14 years old and 18% were 15-17 years old. The age\nbreakdown for accompanied children in Italy, Spain and Cyprus\nis not available.\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nUnaccompanied Children - Age Breakdown\n\nThe majority of UASC who arrived in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria and\nMalta in 2020 were between 15 and 17 years old (88% overall).\nAge-disaggregated data on children arriving in Spain and Cyprus\nis not available.\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\n\n**Refugee and Migrant Children\u2019s Journey to Europe**\n\n\nIn November and December 2020, IOM interviewed 601\nmigrants and refugees who arrived by sea in Italy and Spain. [9] Of\nthese, more than half (52%) were adolescents and young adults\nbetween 14 and 24 years of age. In particular, of the 68 interviews\nwith children 14 to 17 years old, 64 were conducted in Italy and\nonly four in Spain.\n\n\nSocioeconomic Profile\n\nAll 68 child respondents self-identified as boys. Some 42 of the\nchildren (62%) were 17 years old at the time of the survey, while\n24 were 16 years old, one was 15 years old and one was 14 years\nold.\n\n\nOf the children interviewed, 46% (31) originated from countries in\nWest Africa, followed by South Asia (16), North Africa (12) and the\nEast and Horn of Africa (9). Of the 16 countries of origin reported,\nthe top five included Guinea (11, all from the Conakry capital\nregion), Pakistan (9, all from Punjab), Eritrea [10] (8, mostly from the\nGash Barka and Debub regions), Bangladesh (7, from the Dhaka\ncapital region) and Sudan (6, from South and Eastern Darfur). Five\nof the six children from Sudan reported to have been internally\ndisplaced for one to four years prior to leaving the country.\n\n\nAlmost half (32) of the respondents reported to have completed\ntheir primary education, while another 16 reported to have\nfinished lower secondary education and three to have finished\nhigh school. Meanwhile, one fifth of the respondents (14)\nreported to have never gone to school and three children to have\nattended a religious school. Some 47% reported to have left\nschool more than two years prior to the interview.\n\n\nMany respondents reported to be employed or self-employed\n(31), while others reported to be studying (14) before departure.\nThe remaining 23 reported that they were not employed or in\neducation at the time of leaving their country of origin.\n\n\nJourney\n\nMost children reported to have travelled alone (87%), while\nseven travelled with a group of non-family members, and only\ntwo with one family member (one sibling and one uncle). Some\n37% reported to have spent more than one year in Libya (2-3\nyears on average) before crossing the Central Mediterranean.\nMost respondents reached Italy after departing from Libya (75%\nor 51), while others reached Italy by sea from Turkey or Greece\n(9) or from Tunisia (4). The remaining four arrived in Spain after\ndeparting from Morocco or Senegal.\n\n\nReasons and Intentions\n\nSome 43% of children (29) interviewed cited economic reasons\nas the primary motivation for leaving their country of origin,\nfollowed by limited access to basic services (15), being subject\nto or threatened with personal violence: (13), and the presence\nof conflict or war (11). Among the reasons related to safety and\nsecurity, children mentioned violent family disputes as well as\nthe lack of freedom of expression or democracy.\n\n\nAt the time of departing from their countries of origin, the\nmost common intended destinations were Italy (32%), Europe\nin general (32%), Libya (12%), Spain (4%) and Turkey (3%).\nHowever, the most common final intended destinations at the\ntime of the interview were Italy or Spain (62% combined or 42\nrespondents overall), followed by other European countries\n(mainly France, Germany and the United Kingdom).\n\n\nAmong their most pressing needs at the time of the interview, the\nchildren reported clothes (46%), legal assistance (19%), ability to\ncontact family (7%), and medical and psychosocial support (7%).\n\n\n_Source: IOM\u2019s_ _[DTM Europe](https://migration.iom.int/europe?type=arrivals)_ _\u2014 Flow Monitoring Surveys in_ _[Italy](https://migration.iom.int/reports/europe-%E2%80%94%C2%A0flow-monitoring-surveys-italy-2020?close=true)_ _and_ _[Spain](https://migration.iom.int/reports/europe-%E2%80%94%C2%A0flow-monitoring-surveys-spain-2020?close=true)_ _(2020)_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n1% 25%\n\n\n\n74%\n\n\n\n5% 95%\n\n\n7% 38% 55%\n\n\n6% 94%\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies on UASC in reception, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior and Social Policy, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security_\n_and Law Enforcement (MHSE)._\n\n\n_Note: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and sex across countries, these graphs refer to estimates._\n\nSex Breakdown of Children by Country of Arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys remains high, comprising 83% of all\nchildren who arrived via the Eastern, Central and Western\nMediterranean and Western African Atlantic routes in 2020. The\npercentage of boys arriving unaccompanied both in Italy and Spain was\nsignificantly higher than average, at about 96% each. Meanwhile, the\npercentage of girls arriving in Greece in 2020 was also significant,\ncomprising 42% of all child arrivals. The proportion of boys among\narrivals in Malta remained similar to that in 2019 (92%).\n\n\n\n**42%**\n\n\n\n_GIRLS_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nSpain*\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n_BOYS_\n\n\n**58%**\n\n\n\n**96%**\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 7,080 UASC registered in the reception system in 2020; according_\n_to the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies._\n\n_* For Spain, the sex breakdown data is based on 9,030 UASC registered in the Foreign Minors Registry as of 31_\n_December 2020; according to the Spanish Ombudsman report 2020_\n\n\n\n_3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reasons and Intentions", - "confidence": 0.780339777469635, - "start": 665, - "end": 668 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.936330258846283, - "start": 672, - "end": 673 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9433705806732178, - "start": 906, - "end": 909 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5716784000396729, - "start": 894, - "end": 895 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.7797556519508362, - "start": 769, - "end": 770 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7520359754562378, - "start": 925, - "end": 926 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5469587445259094, - "start": 925, - "end": 926 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.5650161504745483, - "start": 858, - "end": 859 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reception system", - "confidence": 0.9817166924476624, - "start": 1185, - "end": 1187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies", - "confidence": 0.974568247795105, - "start": 1193, - "end": 1200 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Italy", - "confidence": 0.9766023755073547, - "start": 1075, - "end": 1076 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9612768292427063, - "start": 1065, - "end": 1066 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex breakdown data", - "confidence": 0.7874466180801392, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Spanish Ombudsman", - "confidence": 0.8421862721443176, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1235 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.9972087740898132, - "start": 1205, - "end": 1206 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6141848564147949, - "start": 1228, - "end": 1229 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Foreign Minors Registry", - "confidence": 0.9926550388336182, - "start": 1221, - "end": 1224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "sex breakdown data", - "confidence": 0.7808020114898682, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1211 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Spanish Ombudsman", - "confidence": 0.7544862031936646, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1235 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.957353413105011, - "start": 1077, - "end": 1078 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.624252438545227, - "start": 1065, - "end": 1066 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions Decisions on Child Asylum Applications In 2020, European countries [11] reported that 428,945 new between January and December 2020\n\nasylum-seekers (first-time applicants) applied for international\nprotection. Nearly one-third of them (134,800) were children,\n32% fewer than in 2019 (198,950). In 2020, asylum applicants\nconsidered to be unaccompanied children lodged 13,550\napplications in the EU, 4% fewer than in 2019 (14,115).\n\n\nThe **Syrian Arab Republic** remained the main country of origin\nof asylum-seeking children (24%), followed by **Afghanistan**\n(14%), **Iraq** (6%), **Venezuela, Colombia** and **Eritrea** (4% each).\nSome 46% of all asylum-seeking children were girls.\n\n\nGermany, France, Spain and Greece recorded the largest\nnumbers of asylum applications from children, and received\ntwo-thirds of all first-time child asylum applicants in Europe.\n**Germany** recorded 41% of all child asylum applications in 2020\n(55,315), followed by **France** (19,700, or 15%), **Spain** (15,485, or\n11%) and **Greece** (10,665, or 8%).\n\n\nIn 2020, national authorities across the EU issued **94,530** first\ninstance decisions on child asylum applications. Of these,\n59% were positive decisions, the same percentage as in 2019.\nGermany issued the most positive decisions granting refugee\nstatus and subsidiary protection to Syrian, Iraqi and Afghan\nchildren. Meanwhile, Spain issued the majority of decisions\ngranting humanitarian status to Venezuelan children.\n\n\nThough refugee and subsidiary protection status are defined by\nEU law, humanitarian reasons are specific to national legislation\nand not applicable in all Member States. Of all children who\nreceived a positive decision, **63%** were granted **refugee status**\n(67% in 2019), 20% subsidiary protection (19% in 2019) and\n17% humanitarian status (14% in 2019).\n\n\nAmong the top countries of origin, the share of negative\ndecisions was notably higher for children from Colombia (90%),\nAlbania (93%), Pakistan (80%), Nigeria (80%), the Islamic\nRepublic of Iran (56%) and Iraq (40%). Some 41% of all first-time\nasylum-seeking children who applied for international protection\nwere rejected.\n\n\n_4_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nDespite the COVID-19 pandemic, relocation has remained an\nimportant means of supporting vulnerable people, including\nUASC, and enhancing solidarity among States, with some 3,063\nbeneficiaries assisted through relocation from Greece, Italy and\nMalta to 14 European countries in 2020.\n\n\nIOM, together with involved governments and partner agencies\nUNHCR, UNICEF and EASO, coordinated regional relocation\nprojects, namely RELITA (Italy) and REMA (Malta). In 2020, a notable\nachievement was the implementation of the Voluntary Relocation\nfrom Greece, with support from EMAS (European Commission\nemergency funding), which allowed for more harmonized\nprocedures and resulted in the relocation of 574 unaccompanied\nasylum-seeking children living in precarious conditions. The\ninitiative was led by the Government of Greece with the support of\nparticipating capitalize States, EASO, IOM, UNHCR, UNICEF and\nkey protection partners such as METAdrasi and PRAKSIS. EASO\nand UNHCR supported best interest procedures of each child prior\nto relocation; IOM provided support through pre-departure health\nactivities and orientation sessions, movement management and\npre-departure accommodation in Greece.\n\n\nSome **1,601 children (1,094 boys** and **507 girls)** were relocated\nfrom Greece, Italy and Malta to other European countries in 2020.\nThis included **574** UASC, who were relocated from Greece to\nGermany (212), France (131), Portugal (72), Finland (72), Belgium\n(29), Switzerland (20), Bulgaria (17), Ireland, Luxembourg and\nLithuania under different relocation programmes. In addition, 19\nUASC were relocated to the United Kingdom from Greece, Italy\nand France under the DUBS scheme. [12]\n\n\n#### Returns from Greece to Turkey\n\nOf all persons returned from Greece to Turkey under the EU-Turkey\nStatement between 2016 and 2020 (2,140), 5% were children. All\nwere returned with their families.\n\n\n_Source:_ _[Returns from Greece to Turkey](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/75075)_\n\n#### Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) of Children and UASC\n\nOverall, 16,650 beneficiaries were assisted in returning from\nEuropean Economic Area (EEA) countries, the United Kingdom and\nSwitzerland. Of these, 34% (5,723) were assisted in returning from\nGermany alone, and about 20% (3,309) were children, including\n56 UASC. Of all beneficiaries assisted in returning from the EEA,\nthe United Kingdom and Switzerland, around 41% (6,908) returned\nto countries in South Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central\nAsia; 22% (3,679) to Asia and the Pacific; 13% (2,153) to the Middle\nEast and North Africa, just over 12% (2,056) to South America and\nthe rest, nearly 12% (1,854), to other regions. Among the **3,309**\n**children assisted** in returning from the EEA region, their main\ncountries of nationality were Brazil (10%), Iraq (10%), Georgia (7%),\nthe Republic of Moldova (7%) and the Russian Federation (7%).\n\n\n_Source:_ _[Movements in 2020.](https://publications.iom.int/books/iom-movements-0)_\n_Source:_ _[Relocation in 2020.](https://eea.iom.int/relocation)_\n\n#### Children Resettled in Europe\n\nOf the 21,700 people in resettlement procedures in Europe in 2020,\n52% were children (28% boys and 24% girls). Sweden, France,\nNorway, Germany, the United Kingdom and Finland were the main\ncountries in Europe considering children\u2019s resettlement cases.\nSyrians, Congolese (Democratic Republic of Congo), Sudanese and\nEritreans were the most common nationalities of children whose\ncases were being considered for resettlement by European States.\n\n\n_5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n#### Impact of COVID-19\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted\nsociety\u2019s most at-risk people, including asylum-seeking, refugee\nand migrant children. Temporary suspensions of registration, age\nassessment and asylum procedures have hindered children\u2019s\naccess to services, including guardianship, as well as appropriate\nshelter in some contexts. Family reunification has been delayed\ndue to the suspension of asylum procedures, consular services in\nthird countries, and with limited flight options to facilitate transfers.\nPhysical distancing and confinement measures have exacerbated\nexisting challenges related to individual oversight and case\nmanagement, effective information provision to children as well\nas support for caregivers and parents. Access to education has\nbeen a challenge particularly in reception facilities, as refugee and\nmigrant children may not have the same levels of connectivity for\nonline learning, and with crowded reception conditions being far\nless conducive to learning than school environments. Integration\nmay also have been hindered as regular interaction in schools and\nwith host community children and teachers has been disrupted.\nOverall, heightened risk factors such as increased poverty and\nfood insecurity, limited access to education, and disruptions to\nsocial support networks and services have had a detrimental\neffect on children\u2019s mental health and psychosocial well-being.\nThey have also exacerbated risks of violence, abuse, trafficking\nand exploitation faced by children, both while travelling and once\narrived in Europe unaccompanied and with families. Support\nmechanisms for victims of trafficking have also been impacted,\nand there are preliminary findings in relation to an increase in\nonline searches for child sexual abuse material (including child\npornography).\n\n\n\nPositive practice:\n\n\n- In France, self-declared minority was accepted to facilitate access\nto child protection services while age assessment procedures\nremained suspended.\n\n\n- In several countries, remote case management for children\ncontinued while confinement measures prevented in-person\nsupport and visits.\n\n\n- Authorities in several countries extended the validity of residence\npermits, including for unaccompanied children and asylumseekers, previously due to expire in the first half of 2020, as\naccess to police and administration offices was delayed due to\nCOVID-19-related measures.\n\n\n- The child-friendly \u201cMy Hero is You\u201d storybook was developed\nby the IASC MHPSS reference group and translated into several\nlanguages, providing information for children on COVID-19.\n\n\n- In Bulgaria, the child protection agency set up a hotline providing\nCOVID-19-related advice and information for parents and children.\n\n\n- National tracing mechanism for unaccompanied children in\nGreece included a hotline, which resulted in many children selfreporting and seeking help in relation to COVID-19.\n\n\n- In Albania, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection issued\nan instruction regarding child protection during the COVID-19\nemergency. It defines the role of various State actors and includes\npersons of concern (including unaccompanied and separated\nchildren) within its categories of beneficiaries.\n\n\n- In Serbia, UNHCR partners \u2013 the Danish Refugee Council (DRC)\nand the Crisis Response and Policy Center (CRPC) \u2013 trained UASC\nPeer Educators on COVID-19 protective measures.\n\n\n_6_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2020\n\n\n#### Definitions:\n\n\u201c **Separated children** are children (\u2026) who have been separated\nfrom both parents, or from their previous legal or customary\nprimary care-giver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These\nmay, therefore, include children accompanied by other adult family\nmembers.\u201d [[source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\n\u201c **Unaccompanied children** (also called unaccompanied minors)\nare children (\u2026) who have been separated from both parents and\nother relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law\n[or custom, is responsible for doing so.\u201d [source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\nA \"refugee\" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being\npersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership\nof a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the\ncountry of their nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear,\nis unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country (Article\n1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\nAn **\"asylum-seeker\"** is a person who has applied for asylum and is\nawaiting a decision as to whether they are a refugee. Determination\nof refugee status can only be of a declaratory nature. Indeed, any\nperson is a refugee within the framework of a given instrument if\nthey meet the criteria of the refugee definition in that instrument,\nwhether they are formally recognized as a refugee or not (UNHCR\nNote on Determination of Refugee Status under International\nInstruments). [[source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments)\n\n\nA **\"migrant\"** refers to any person who is moving or has moved\nacross an international border or within a State away from their\nhabitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person\u2019s legal\nstatus; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3)\nwhat the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length of\n[the stay is. [source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n\n#### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied\nand UASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions,\nprofiling of arrivals, relocation from Greece and Italy under the\nEU relocation scheme, as well as returns from Greece to Turkey\nunder the EU-Turkey statement.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2020. The factsheet is produced every six months to provide upto-date information on refugee and migrant children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n_Endnotes_\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements. It reflects both sea\nand land arrivals in Greece, and sea arrivals in Cyprus, Italy, Malta and Spain. Data for Spain\nis based on the Ministry of Interior statistics and UNHCR estimates.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or\ncustomary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may, therefore,\ninclude children accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children are\nchildren who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being\ncared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so (IASC).\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR border activities and are\nprovided by the Hellenic Police.\n\n4. During the same period of time, 1,292 referrals were made to the Greek National Centre\nfor Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on the Greek islands and mainland,\nincluding near the land border with Turkey in January-December 2020.\n\n5. UNHCR estimated figures pending provision of final figures by the Spanish Ministry of\nInterior (MOI); figures on UASC arrivals in Ceuta and Melilla are not included. Children\narriving in the Canary Islands from Western Africa through the Atlantic are included. [Data on](https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/informe-anual/informe-anual-2020/)\n[children arriving in Spain in 2020 is taken from the Spanish Ombudsman Annual report 2020.](https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/informe-anual/informe-anual-2020/)\n\n6. Data on arrivals and demographics of refugees and migrants registered in Italy is based on\ninformation received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n7. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on data\nand trends that are not typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the\nBulgarian Helsinki Committee.\n\n8. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home Affairs,\nNational Security and Law Enforcement (MHSE), Malta. UASC figures are based on\nage declared by the refugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all persons who make such\na declaration are recognized to be UASC by the authorities after the age assessment is\ncompleted.\n\n9. IOM\u2019s DTM Flow Monitoring Surveys were carried out in only two countries in the region\nand for two months only in 2020 due to mobility restrictions and accessibility of field for the\ndata collection after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.\n\n10. Information on nationalities is self-reported by respondents to the survey.\n\n11. European Union Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the\nUnited Kingdom.\n\n12. The \u201cDUBS\u201d project (Transfers of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Children from France,\nGreece and Italy to the United Kingdom) is a UK Home Office-funded project implemented\nby IOM UK in coordination with IOM missions in France, Greece and Italy, between 1 April\n2018 and 31 March 2021.\n\n\n#### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements are\nlargely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely disaggregated by nationality, risk\ncategory, gender or age. Reliable data on the number of UASC either arriving or currently residing in different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by UASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not necessarily provide\nan accurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular movements or children not applying\nfor asylum at all. In addition, due to different definitions and national procedures and practices, collecting accurate data on separated\nchildren specifically is challenging (e.g. separated children being registered as either accompanied or unaccompanied). It should also\nbe noted that data for the period January to December 2020 on UASC asylum applications were not available or final for all EU Member\nStates on the Eurostat website at the time this factsheet was released.\n\n\nJointly compiled and produced by:\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Siraj Mahmudlu**\nsmahmudlu@unicef.org\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet, please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n_7_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.8090226650238037, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7850446105003357, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9153423309326172, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - 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"start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.5997703075408936, - "start": 619, - "end": 620 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figures on UASC arrivals", - "confidence": 0.7485443949699402, - "start": 757, - "end": 761 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Spanish Ombudsman", - "confidence": 0.8371205925941467, - "start": 801, - "end": 803 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Canary Islands", - "confidence": 0.5464856028556824, - "start": 773, - "end": 775 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7191759943962097, - "start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6325752139091492, - "start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.5285983681678772, - "start": 908, - "end": 911 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5265285968780518, - "start": 838, - "end": 841 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6209961175918579, - "start": 840, - "end": 841 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6927469372749329, - "start": 818, - "end": 821 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.8837347030639648, - "start": 942, - "end": 946 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6825268268585205, - "start": 992, - "end": 993 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.8987643718719482, - "start": 939, - "end": 940 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5196183323860168, - "start": 1066, - "end": 1067 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9371487498283386, - "start": 962, - "end": 963 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8307458162307739, - "start": 908, - "end": 911 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data on Children", - "confidence": 0.6840909123420715, - "start": 1074, - "end": 1078 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8796473145484924, - "start": 1094, - "end": 1095 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC asylum applications", - "confidence": 0.6645562052726746, - "start": 1256, - "end": 1259 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ivona Zakoska Todorovska", - "confidence": 0.6441444158554077, - "start": 1291, - "end": 1294 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU Member\nStates", - "confidence": 0.8793752193450928, - "start": 1266, - "end": 1269 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5290461182594299, - "start": 1254, - "end": 1255 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.7214159965515137, - "start": 1220, - "end": 1222 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85269120-8f4a-30a4-9cbc-1e83e162a20f/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%20-%20Accompanied%2C%20Unaccompanied%20and%20Separated%20-%20Overview%20of%20Trends%20%28January%20-%20December%202020%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_602/raw/doc_602_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_602/raw/doc_602_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2c6fff93c11a018add0a3c60e75e3cd02caedb28..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_602/raw/doc_602_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,545 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated\n\n### Overview of Trends January to December 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals to Europe in 2021 [1]\n\nIn 2021, **24,147** children arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain. Of these, **17,185 (71%)** were unaccompanied or\nseparated children (UASC). [2] Child arrivals increased by **44%** in 2021 compared to 2020 ( **16,700** ).\n\n\n#### Greece\n\nSome 2,258 children arrived by land and sea\nin 2021, [3 ] 51% fewer than the previous year\n(4,602) in line with a broader decline in overall\narrivals compared to 2020. Of these, 638\nwere UASC (28%), 29% fewer than in 2020\n(895). Most of the children, including UASC,\nwere from Afghanistan, Syrian Arab Republic,\nSomalia, and Iraq.\n\n#### Bulgaria\n\nSome 3,730 children lodged an asylum\napplication in 2021, 85% of whom were UASC\n(3,172). Most of these asylum-seeking children\noriginated from Afghanistan, Iraq and the\nSyrian Arab Republic. [6]\n\n\n#### Spain\n\nIn 2021, some 4,173 children were estimated\nto have arrived by sea, a 7% increase\ncompared to 2020 (3,890). [4] Of these, 2,856\nwere UASC (68%), 14% fewer than in 2020\n(3,340). According to estimates, most of the\nchildren, including UASC, originated from\nMorocco, Algeria, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire and Mali.\n\n#### Malta\n\nIn 2021, some 248 [7] children, including 205\nUASC (83%), arrived following search and\nrescue operations at sea. The number of child\narrivals, including UASC, in 2021 was 59% lower\ncompared to 2020 (610). Most of the children,\nincluding UASC, originated from Egypt, Eritrea\nand the Syrian Arab Republic.\n\n\n#### Italy\n\nMore than twice the number of children\narrived in 2021 (13,203) compared to 2020\n(6,252). Of these, 76% (10,053) were UASC,\na proportion consistent with recent years.\nMost of the children, including UASC,\noriginated from Tunisia, Egypt, Bangladesh\nand C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. [5]\n\n#### Cyprus\n\n\nSome 535 children arrived by sea in 2021,\nincluding 261 UASC. All of the children,\nincluding UASC, who arrived by sea originated\nfrom the Syrian Arab Republic.\n\n\n\n_1_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n\n**Demographic of Arrivals, including Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children**\n\n\n\n**Greece**\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n**Italy**\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n73%\n\n\n\n**Spain**\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nMen\n50%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n**Malta**\n\n\n\nMen\n65%\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n**Bulgaria**\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n49% 51%\n\n\n\n**Cyprus**\n\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n\n\n\n_Accompanied_ _UASC_\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n**Nationality of Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children by Country of Arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied Children by Country of Origin and Arrival UASC by Country of Origin and Arrival\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees; Spanish Ministry of Interior (MOI), Spanish Ombudsman; Maltese Immigration Police; and Ministry for Home_\n_Affairs, National Security and Law Enforcement, Malta (MHSE)._\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n\n\n**Age and Gender breakdown of all Children by Country of**\n**Arrival**\n\nAccompanied children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\n\nAmong the 2,170 accompanied children who arrived in Bulgaria,\nGreece and Malta in 2021, 20% were 0-4 years old, 50%\nwere 5-14 years old and 30% were 15-17 years old. The age\nbreakdown for accompanied children in Cyprus, Italy and Spain\nis not available.\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n28% 38%\n\n\n80%\n\n\n28% 65%\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\nMost UASC who arrived in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy and Malta in\n2021 were between 15 and 17 years old (86% overall). Age\ndisaggregated data on children arriving in Cyprus and Spain is\nnot available.\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n1% 13%\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n\n5% 95%\n\n\n9% 33% 58%\n\n\n9% 91%\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies on UASC in reception, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior (MOI), Spanish Ombudsman, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs,_\n_National Security and Law Enforcement (MHSE)._\n\n\n_Note: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and sex across countries, these graphs refer to estimates._\n\nGender breakdown of children by country of arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys remains high, comprising 92% of all\nchildren who arrived via the Eastern, Central and Western\nMediterranean and Northwest African maritime routes in 2021. The\npercentage of boys arriving unaccompanied in Italy, Malta and Spain\nwas significantly higher than average: 97% in Italy, 93% in Bulgaria,\nand 90% in Malta and Spain each. Meanwhile, the percentage of girls\narriving in Greece decreased from 42% in 2020 to 28% in 2021.\n\n\n_BOYS_ _GIRLS_\n\n\n\n**28%**\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nSpain*\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n**72%**\n\n\n\n**97%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 12,248 UASC registered in the_\n_reception system in 2021, according to the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social_\n_Policies._\n\n_* Spain: There exist discrepancies depending on the source of information consulted_\n_on the number of unaccompanied foreign minors arriving in Spain. In this sense, it is_\n_important to point out that the Committee on the Rights of the Child has been_\n_demanding Spain for years to adapt the age assessment procedure to international_\n_standards, through its final observations_ _[8]_ _and its multiple decisions against Spain._ _[9]_ _To_\n_these demands, other must be added, such as the Tariff Declaration_ _[10]_ _, adopted by the_\n_different Ombudsman's Offices, at regional and national level, and those of social_\n_organizations specializing in childhood._ _[11]_ _As a consequence, the age determination_\n_procedure is being reviewed in Spain by competent authorities and the implementation_\n_of the new procedure has been announced to take place in 2022._\n\n\n\n**Refugee and migrant children\u2019s journey to Europe**\n\nIn 2021, IOM interviewed 852 refugees and migrants who arrived\nby sea in Spain (landing on the Peninsular coasts or on the Canary\nIslands) and by land in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). [12] Out of\nthe total, 332 interviews were conducted with adolescents and\nyoung adults between 14 and 24 years of age: these represented\nabout 42% (226 interviews) of the total in Spain and 33% (106\ninterviews) of the total in BiH. All interviews with children aged 14\nto 17 years old (17) were conducted in BiH.\n\n\nWestern Mediterranean and Northwest African maritime route\n\n\nSocioeconomic Profile\nIn Spain, 81% of young migrants and refugees surveyed were\nmales and 19% were females. One quarter of them were below\n20 years of age at the time of the survey. Fifteen female young\nadults and 7 male young adults reported to have children, with\nthem or left in the country of origin.\n\nOut of the total respondents (226), 68% of respondents\noriginated from countries in West and Central Africa, followed by\n32% from North Africa and only 1 respondent from the Syrian\nArab Republic. Of the 15 countries of origin reported, the top\nfive were Mali (50, mostly from the Kayes and Bamako regions),\nMorocco (50, mostly from the Taza - Al Hoceima \u2013 Taoute and\nthe Oriental regions), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (32, mostly from the district\nof the capital Abidjan), Guinea (25, mainly from Conakry) and\nAlgeria (22, from Algiers, Oran, Setif, Tlemcen regions). Only two\nof the young adults interviewed reported to have been internally\ndisplaced prior to leaving their country (Mali).\n\nSome 41% of all child arrivals via these routes reported to\nhave completed secondary lower education, 33% primary\neducation, 13% no formal education, 9% religious or other\ntypes of non-formal education, and the remaining 4% higher\nsecondary education. Almost three quarters (65%) reported to\nbe unemployed before leaving their origin country, followed by\n19% employed or self-employed, 7% studying and 1% who had\ncompleted an apprentice.\n\nJourney\n\nMost respondents reported to have travelled alone (73%), while\n19% travelled with a group of non-family members, and only 8%\nwith at least one family member (siblings or children mainly).\nAbout 6% (14) reported to have spent more than one year in a\ncountry different than that of origin before moving again toward\nEurope.\n\n\nReasons and Intentions\nSome 103 of the young respondents (46%) cited economic\nreasons as the primary motivation for leaving their country\nof origin, followed by war and conflict (34), being subject to or\nthreatened with personal violence (22) and limited access to basic\nservices (16). Among the reasons related to safety and security,\nchildren mentioned violent family disputes, lack of family at all, as\nwell as the lack of freedom of expression or democracy.\n\nAt the time of departing from country of origin, the most common\nintended destinations were Spain (65%), France (21%), Morocco\n(4%), Mauritania (2%) and other European countries. At the time\nof the interview, the most common final intended destination\nremained mainly Spain (60%) and France (31%), while the rest\nof respondents mentioned the intention to reach other European\ncountries (mainly Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and the\nNetherlands).\n\nAmong the main challenges and risks reported by respondents\nwhile travelling toward Spain were robbery (13%), hunger (11%),\nfinancial problems (9%), documents stolen and lack of shelter\n(5%), health problems (1%). Among their most pressing needs,\nyoung migrants and refugees reported accommodation, legal\nassistance, the possibility to contact family and the possibility to\ncontinue the journey.\n\n\n\n_3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age\ndisaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.5608668923377991, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8071178197860718, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9602962136268616, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9643380641937256, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "accompanied children", - "confidence": 0.7342192530632019, - "start": 38, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Journey", - "confidence": 0.5989356637001038, - "start": 1035, - "end": 1036 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5204415917396545, - "start": 1037, - "end": 1038 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reasons and Intentions", - "confidence": 0.7929273247718811, - "start": 1104, - "end": 1107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country\nof origin", - "confidence": 0.7508140802383423, - "start": 1127, - "end": 1130 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young respondents", - "confidence": 0.8672456741333008, - "start": 1111, - "end": 1113 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n\n\n**Eastern Mediterranean and Western Balkans**\n**routes**\n\nSocioeconomic profile\n\nIn Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), 94% of young migrants\nand refugees surveyed were males (100) and 6% (6) were\nfemales. About 16% (17) were children between 14 and 17\nyears of age, 19% (20) were between 18 and 19 years old,\nand the remaining 65% were between 20 and 24 years old at\nthe time of the survey. Five respondents (2 females, 3 males)\nreported to have children.\n\nOut of the total respondents (106), 83% originated from\neither Afghanistan (49) or Pakistan (34), followed by 7% from\nWestern and Central Africa (Cameroon, Gambia and Ghana),\n5% from North Africa (Algeria, Egypt and Morocco) and the\nremaining 5% from other countries in Asia and the Middle\nEast. Among Afghans, Kabul and Nangahar were the main\nreported provinces of origin, while among Pakistanis, Punjab\nand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the most common provinces\nof origin. Six children and young adults reported to have been\ninternally displaced before departing abroad: 3 Afghans, 1\nGambian, 1 Pakistani and 1 Syrian.\n\nSome 37% of the total respondents reported to have\ncompleted primary education, followed by 32% secondary\nlower education, 14% upper secondary education, 11% postsecondary and tertiary education, 4% no formal education\nand the remaining 3% religious or other types of nonformal education. More than one quarter (35%) reported\nto be employed or self-employed before leaving their origin\ncountry, followed by 31% who were unemployed but looking\nfor a job, 20% who were students and the remaining who\nwere unemployed but not looking for a job. This information\nwas not available for 2 respondents.\n\nJourney\n\nAbout 42% of children and young adults reported to have\ntravelled alone, while 38% travelled with a group of nonfamily members (4 reported they travelled with facilitators),\nand 21% with at least one family member (siblings or spouse\n\n\n\nand children mainly). About 45% of respondents reported\nto have departed from a country different than that of origin\nbefore moving again toward Europe: most reported to have\ndeparted from Greece or T\u00fcrkiye after having spent more than\none year there.\n\nReasons and intentions\n\nAlmost half of the children and young adults (48%) reported\nwar and conflict as the primary reason for leaving their\ncountry of origin, followed by economic motivations (22%),\nbeing subject to or threatened with personal violence (9%),\nneed to pursue higher education (7%) or re-join family (5%),\nand others (10%). Among the reasons related to safety and\nsecurity, respondents mentioned violent family disputes,\ndomestic violence, discrimination or persecution because\none\u2019s family, religious or professional belonging.\n\nAt the time of departing from country of origin, the most\ncommon intended destinations were Italy (25%), Germany\n(24%), France (17%), the United Kingdom (8%), Belgium (7%)\nand other European countries. Similar shares of preferences\nfor intended final destinations were reported at the moment\nof the interview.\n\nAmong the main challenges and risks reported by respondents\nwhile travelling toward Europe, there were financial problems\n(reported by 63% of the total), lack of shelter (59%), hunger\n(52%), robbery (43%), health problems (33%, mostly leg\ninjuries, fever, stomach infections) and documents stolen\n(22%). Among their most pressing needs, young migrants\nand refugees reported cash assistance, accommodation,\nlegal assistance, clothing and the possibility to continue the\njourney.\n\nOverall, 45% of all young migrant and refugee respondents\nanswered 'yes' to at least one of the six direct indicators of\nabuse, exploitation and violence based on their experience. [13] .\nOf the total number of young migrant and refugee who\nresponded positively to at least one of these indicators, 6%\nare female. Greece and T\u00fcrkiye were the countries where\nmost of the reported violence and abuses occurred, followed\nby other countries of transit before the respondents reached\nBiH.\n\n\n_[Source: IOM\u2019s DTM Europe \u2014 Flow Monitoring Surveys in Spain and Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://migration.iom.int/europe)_ _(2021)_\n\n\n\n_4_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Journey", - "confidence": 0.7135955095291138, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6205452680587769, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "direct indicators of\nabuse, exploitation and violence", - "confidence": 0.540809154510498, - "start": 746, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young migrants\nand refugees", - "confidence": 0.5930575132369995, - "start": 702, - "end": 706 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Europe", - "confidence": 0.7952777743339539, - "start": 823, - "end": 825 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9519550800323486, - "start": 820, - "end": 821 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain and Bosnia and Herzegovina", - "confidence": 0.7024537324905396, - "start": 830, - "end": 835 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9317340850830078, - "start": 840, - "end": 841 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young migrant and refugee", - "confidence": 0.8726967573165894, - "start": 768, - "end": 772 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n#### Asylum Applications and Decisions Decisions on Child Asylum Applications in In 2021, European countries reported that 551,020 new 2021\n\nasylum-seekers (first-time applicants) applied for international\nprotection. [14 ] Nearly one-third of them were children (173,550),\na 29% increase from 2020 (134,725).\n\n\nSome 41% of all new asylum-seeking children were girls.\nGermany, France, Austria, Spain, Belgium, and Greece\nrecorded the largest numbers of new asylum applications from\nchildren. It received more than two-thirds of all first-time child\nasylum applicants in Europe. Germany recorded 42% of all\nchild asylum applications in 2021 (73,245), followed by France\n(25,750, or 15%), Austria (11,460, or 7%), Spain (9,185 or 5%),\nBelgium (7,225, or 4%), and Greece (7,035 or 4%).\n\n\nIn 2021,19,995 unaccompanied children lodged asylum\napplications in the EU, 47% more than in 2020 (13,625). Again,\nAfghanistan stood as the leading country of origin of asylumseeking children (54%), followed by the Syrian Arab Republic\n(19%), Somalia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Egypt (5% each).\n\n\nIn 2021, national authorities across the EU issued 150,975\nfirst instance decisions on child asylum applications. Of these,\n60% were positive decisions, one percent more than in 2019.\nGermany (38%), France (20%), Greece and Spain (8% each)\nissued two-thirds of all first instance decisions on child asylum\napplications.\n\n\n\nGermany issued the most positive decisions granting \u2018refugee\nstatus\u2019 and \u2018subsidiary protection\u2019 to Syrian, Iraqi and Afghan\nchildren. Meanwhile, Spain issued the most decisions granting\nhumanitarian status to Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\nchildren. In contrast, France issued most decisions granting\n\u2018refugee status\u2019 to Guinea, Afghan, and C\u00f4te d'Ivoire children\nafter Germany. Though refugee and subsidiary protection\nstatus are defined by EU law, humanitarian reasons are specific\nto national legislation and not applicable in all Member States.\n\n\nOut of 90,375 children who received a positive decision in\nthe first instance, 66% were granted refugee status (63%\nin 2020), 23% subsidiary protection (20% in 2020) and\n11% humanitarian status (17% in 2020). At the same time,\nGermany, France and Spain also contributed two-thirds of the\nfirst instance decisions on the children\u2019s asylum applications.\n\n\nAbout 40% of all first-time asylum-seeking children who\napplied for international protection were rejected. Among\nthe top countries of origin, the share of adverse decisions\nwas notably higher for children from Georgia (96%), Albania\nand Colombia (89% each), Nigeria (78%), Russia (74%), C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire (53%), Iraq (41%), T\u00fcrkiye (28%), and Afghanistan\n\n\n\n\n\n_5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nDespite the continuing difficulties posed by the COVID-19\npandemic, relocation has remained an important means of\nsupporting vulnerable people, including UASC, and enhancing\nsolidarity among States, with some 2,853 beneficiaries\nassisted through relocation from Greece, Italy and Malta to 16\nEuropean countries in 2021 (-7% compared those relocated\nduring 2020).\n\n\nIOM, together with involved governments and partner\nagencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and EUAA (former EASO),\ncoordinated and implemented regional relocation projects\nthroughout the year, namely RELITA (Italy), REMA (Malta) and\nthe Voluntary Relocation (Greece).\n\n\nThe DUBS scheme [15] ended in March 2021, with no arrivals to\nthe United Kingdom during the reporting period.\n\n\nSome 1,465 children (961 boys and 504 girls) were relocated\nfrom Greece, Italy and Malta to other European countries in\n2021. This included 482 UASC, who were relocated mainly\nfrom Greece to France (301), Portugal (84), Finland (39), Ireland\n(28), Italy (10), the Netherlands (11), Bulgaria (3), Luxembourg\n(2), Germany (2). In addition, 137 cases of unaccompanied\nchildren who became adult before the transfer were also\nassisted with relocation in 2021. Moreover, 2 UASC were\nrelocated from Malta to Finland and Portugal.\n\n\nUNHCR has conducted Focus-Group Discussions with the\nchildren relocated from Greece to France and Finland. Overall,\n11 FGDs were conducted with 58 children, in 2020 and 2021.\nThese interactions allowed to gather the views of the children\non the information they received on the procedure, predeparture experience, access to protection, education, family\nreunification, health and recreational activities.\n\n\n#### Returns from Greece to T\u00fcrkiye\n\nOf all persons returned from Greece to T\u00fcrkiye under the EU-T\u00fcrkiye\nStatement between 2016 and 2020 (2,140), 5% were children. All\nwere returned with their families.\n\n\nSource: [Returns from Greece to T\u00fcrkiye](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjert-ogfj4AhUHX_EDHVVeBzMQFnoECBUQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdata2.unhcr.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fdownload%2F74370&usg=AOvVaw0Bt9g2hwCr48rYYDZ4wbsZ)\n\n#### Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) of Children and UASC\n\n\nIn 2021, IOM provided AVRR support to 17,173 migrants in\nreturning from European Economic Area (EEA) countries, the\nUnited Kingdom and Switzerland (37% of all migrants assisted\nglobally) to their origin countries. Of these, 40% (6,870) were\nassisted in returning from Germany alone, and about 19% (3,313)\nwere children, including 55 UASC.\n\n\nOf all beneficiaries assisted in returning from the EEA region, the\nUnited Kingdom and Switzerland, around 44% (7,536) returned to\ncountries in South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central\nAsia; 22% (3,826) to Asia and the Pacific, 13% (2,247) to the\nMiddle East and North Africa, 7% (1,232) to South America and the\nrest, 14% (2,332), to other regions.\n\n\nAmong the 3,313 children assisted in returning from the EEA\nregion, their main countries of nationality were Brazil, Iraq, Georgia,\nthe Republic of Moldova, North Macedonia, Albania, Mongolia and\nthe Russian Federation.\n\n#### Children Resettled in Europe\n\n\nOf the 17,000 people in resettlement procedures in Europe in\n2021, 51% were children (27% boys and 24% girls). Sweden,\nNorway, Germany, France, Finland and Spain were the main\ncountries in Europe considering children\u2019s resettlement cases.\nSyrians, Congolese (Democratic Republic of Congo), Sudanese and\nEritreans were the most common nationalities of children whose\ncases were being considered for resettlement by European States.\n\n\n\n_6_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2021\n\n\n#### Definitions:\n\n\u201c **Separated children** are children (\u2026) who have been separated\nfrom both parents, or from their previous legal or customary\nprimary care-giver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These\nmay, therefore, include children accompanied by other adult family\nmembers.\u201d [[source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\n\u201c **Unaccompanied children** (also called unaccompanied minors)\nare children (\u2026) who have been separated from both parents and\nother relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law\n[or custom, is responsible for doing so.\u201d [source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\nA \" **refugee** \" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being\npersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership\nof a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the\ncountry of their nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear,\nis unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country (Article\n1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\nAn \" **asylum-seeker\"** is a person who has applied for asylum and is\nawaiting a decision as to whether they are a refugee. Determination\nof refugee status can only be of a declaratory nature. Indeed, any\nperson is a refugee within the framework of a given instrument if\nthey meet the criteria of the refugee definition in that instrument,\nwhether they are formally recognized as a refugee or not (UNHCR\nNote on Determination of Refugee Status under International\nInstruments). [[source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments)\n\n\nA \" **migrant** \" refers to any person who is moving or has moved\nacross an international border or within a State away from their\nhabitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person\u2019s legal\nstatus; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3)\nwhat the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length of\nthe stay is. [[source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n#### Limitation of available data on Children and UASC\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is rarely\ndisaggregated by nationality, risk category, gender or age.\nReliable data on the number of UASC either arriving or currently\nresiding in different European countries is often unavailable.\nThe number of asylum applications filed by UASC is used\nto provide an indication of trends but does not necessarily\nprovide an accurate picture of the caseload due to backlogs\nin national asylum systems, onward irregular movements\nor children not applying for asylum at all. In addition, due to\ndifferent definitions and national procedures and practices,\ncollecting accurate data on separated children specifically\nis very challenging (e.g. separated children being registered\nas either accompanied or unaccompanied). It should also be\nnoted that data for the period January to December 2021 on\nUASC asylum applications were not available or final for all\nEU Member States on the Eurostat website at the time this\nfactsheet was released.\n\n\nJointly compiled and\nproduced by:\n\n\n#### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied\nand UASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions,\nprofiling of arrivals, relocation from Greece and Italy under the\nEU relocation scheme, as well as returns from Greece to T\u00fcrkiye\nunder the EU-T\u00fcrkiye statement.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2021, which provide up-to-date information on refugee and\nmigrant children, including unaccompanied and separated\nchildren.\n\n\n_Endnotes_\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements. The data reflects both\nsea and land arrivals in Greece, and sea arrivals in Cyprus, Italy, Malta and Spain. Data for Spain is\nbased on the Ministry of Interior\u2019s statistics and UNHCR\u2019s estimates.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may, therefore, include\nchildren accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children are children who\nhave been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult\nwho, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so (IASC).\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR\u2019s border activities and National Coordination Centre for Border Control, Immigration and Asylum (ESKESMA).\n\n4. UNHCR estimated figures pending provision of final figures by the Spanish Ministry of Interior\n(MOI); figures on UASC arrivals in Ceuta and Melilla are not included. Children arriving in the\nCanary Islands from Western Africa through the Atlantic are included.\n\n5. Data on arrivals and demographics of refugees and migrants registered in Italy is based on information received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n6. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on data and\ntrends that are not typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the Bulgarian\nHelsinki Committee.\n\n7. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home Affairs, National\nSecurity and Law Enforcement (MHSE), Malta. UASC figures are based on age declared by the\nrefugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all persons who make such a declaration are recognized to\nbe UASC by the authorities after the age assessment is completed.\n\n8. UN Committee on the Rights of Child Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth\nperiodic reports of Spain, CRC/C/ESP/CO/5-6, March 2018, page 44, available at: http://docstore.\n[ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsvTvWdCiXbcdH\u00ad](http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsvTvWdCiXbcdHJgod%2F48UvVLFjvw69pQaqdk3icKuqRzUXTOu9Jkdgy7484z0GiSTkXAAbmzZQRDft4dHK6kwj%2B88PsBa5U52YlaA437rBzH)\n[Jgod%2F48UvVLFjvw69pQaqdk3icKuqRzUXTOu9Jkdgy7484z0GiSTkXAAbmzZQRDft4dH\u00ad](http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsvTvWdCiXbcdHJgod%2F48UvVLFjvw69pQaqdk3icKuqRzUXTOu9Jkdgy7484z0GiSTkXAAbmzZQRDft4dHK6kwj%2B88PsBa5U52YlaA437rBzH)\nK6kwj%2B88PsBa5U52YlaA437rBzH\n\n9. United Nations Public information department, Spain\u2019s age assessment procedures violate migrant children\u2019s rights, UN committee finds, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-re\u00ad\n[leases/2020/10/spains-age-assessment-procedures-violate-migrant-childrens-rights-un?Lan\u00ad](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/10/spains-age-assessment-procedures-violate-migrant-childrens-rights-un?LangID=E&NewsID=26375)\ngID=E&NewsID=26375, October 13, 2020. Among main decisions: United Nations, Committee on\n[the Rights of the Child, A.L. c. Espa\u00f1a (comunicaci\u00f3n n\u00ba 16/2017) CRC/C/81/D/16/2017. CRC](https://juris.ohchr.org/Search/Details/2526)\n[Decision issued in May 2019. United Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child, J.A.B. c.](https://juris.ohchr.org/Search/Details/2527)\n[Espa\u00f1a (comunicaci\u00f3n n\u00ba 22/2017) CRC/C/81/D/22/2017. Decision issued in May 2019. United](https://juris.ohchr.org/Search/Details/2527)\n[Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child, R.Y.S. v. Espa\u00f1a (Comunicaci\u00f3n n\u00fam. 76/2019)](https://juris.ohchr.org/Search/Details/2920)\nDecision issued in February 2021\n\n10. [Declaraci\u00f3n de los Defensores del Pueblo de Espa\u00f1a en defensa de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as extranjeros no](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensordelpuebloandaluz.es%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdeclaracion_de_las_defensorias.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CKHANJAV%40unhcr.org%7C5df8524ec305430c3a3508da069e58c6%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637829574420377212%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=V4gvxXlEjo0X4jWM0eA8vSqOaSz9FJC3BPBCIKC1uS4%3D&reserved=0)\n[acompa\u00f1ados En la ciudad de Tarifa (C\u00e1diz), October 2019. See also Documento de s\u00edntesis de las](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensordelpuebloandaluz.es%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdeclaracion_de_las_defensorias.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CKHANJAV%40unhcr.org%7C5df8524ec305430c3a3508da069e58c6%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637829574420377212%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=V4gvxXlEjo0X4jWM0eA8vSqOaSz9FJC3BPBCIKC1uS4%3D&reserved=0)\n[34\u00ba Jornadas de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Defensores del Pueblo sobre Atenci\u00f3n a menores extranje-ros no](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensordelpuebloandaluz.es%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F34_jornadas_de_coordinacion.documento_sintesis_definitivo_1.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CKHANJAV%40unhcr.org%7C5df8524ec305430c3a3508da069e58c6%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637829574420377212%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=hQet5HQ4%2BJKAjYaVthYOUwAAu8nVual%2B5BUxDFFtxbk%3D&reserved=0)\nacompa\u00f1ados, October 2019.\n\n11. UNICEF (2019), Los derechos de los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as migrantes no acompa\u00f1ados en la frontera\nsur espa\u00f1ola, (p.62); Fundaci\u00f3n Ra\u00edces, Fundaci\u00f3n Consejo General De La Abogac\u00eda Espa\u00f1ola\n(2014), Solo por estar solos; Defensor del Pueblo (2017), Informe anual 2017. p. 269.\n\n12. IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys were carried out through a\nnetwork of 26 data collectors in 30 monitoring points located on entry, transit and exit locations in\nSpain and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Spain, only adults were interviewed.\n\n13. The list of indicators considered included: Having worked without getting the expected payment;\nBeing forced to work; Offers of an arranged marriage; Being kept at a certain location against\ntheir will; Experienced some form of physical violence; Observed threats with sexual violence.\nFor more details, please see: https://migration.iom.int/reports/europe-flow-monitoring-surveys-bosnia-and-herzegovina-2021?close=true\n\n14. European Union Member States, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.\n\n15. \u201cDUBS\u201d project \u2013 The Transfer of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Children from France,\nGreece and Italy to the United Kingdom, is a UK Home Office-funded project implemented by\nIOM UK in coordination with IOM missions in France, Greece and Italy from 1 April 2018 to 31\nMarch 2021.\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Deepak Kumar Dey**\ndkdey@unicef.org\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet, please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n_7_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data on Children", - "confidence": 0.7596049904823303, - "start": 401, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.854306161403656, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC asylum applications", - "confidence": 0.5387718081474304, - "start": 584, - "end": 587 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5452710390090942, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European countries", - "confidence": 0.5227869749069214, - "start": 477, - "end": 479 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.724882960319519, - "start": 582, - "end": 583 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated children", - "confidence": 0.5049081444740295, - "start": 558, - "end": 560 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.7211089730262756, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.6243242621421814, - "start": 713, - "end": 714 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6671296954154968, - "start": 730, - "end": 731 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.931742250919342, - "start": 646, - "end": 650 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8137317895889282, - "start": 751, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.7503765225410461, - "start": 795, - "end": 798 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.6558017730712891, - "start": 795, - "end": 798 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.6861220598220825, - "start": 774, - "end": 775 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR estimated figures", - "confidence": 0.704858124256134, - "start": 922, - "end": 925 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Canary Islands", - "confidence": 0.5201776027679443, - "start": 956, - "end": 958 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7012789845466614, - "start": 975, - "end": 978 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6402043700218201, - "start": 995, - "end": 998 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Observations on data and\ntrends", - "confidence": 0.710623562335968, - "start": 1007, - "end": 1012 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.7460929751396179, - "start": 997, - "end": 998 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6444117426872253, - "start": 975, - "end": 978 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC figures", - "confidence": 0.9747562408447266, - "start": 1056, - "end": 1058 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MHSE", - "confidence": 0.8210986852645874, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1052 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malta", - "confidence": 0.9706248641014099, - "start": 1054, - "end": 1055 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9353649020195007, - "start": 1065, - "end": 1068 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9402649998664856, - "start": 1502, - "end": 1505 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.7810073494911194, - "start": 1508, - "end": 1511 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9527058005332947, - "start": 1506, - "end": 1507 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9188805818557739, - "start": 1499, - "end": 1500 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain and Bosnia and Herzegovina", - "confidence": 0.7005547285079956, - "start": 1534, - "end": 1539 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7058823704719543, - "start": 1486, - "end": 1487 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adults", - "confidence": 0.9297254681587219, - "start": 1544, - "end": 1545 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86793319-617f-49c6-8957-11fc996732a3/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202021-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_603/raw/doc_603_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_603/raw/doc_603_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f405d5cb8daa331a3a3762d94a58acb59a33dd06..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_603/raw/doc_603_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,549 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n# Refugee and Migrant Children via Mixed Migration Routes in Europe Accompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated\n### Overview of Trends January to December 2022\n\n\n#### Cyprus\n\nSome 763 children arrived by sea in 2022, including 381 UASC.\nAll of the children, including UASC, who arrived by sea\noriginated from the Syrian Arab Republic.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Arrivals to Europe in 2022 [1]\n\nSome **35,170** children arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy,\nMalta and Spain. Of these, **23,514 (67%)** were unaccompanied\nor separated children (UASC). [2 ] Child arrivals increased by **46% in**\n**2022** compared to **2021 (24,147).**\n\n\n\n_1_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n**Demographic of arrivals, including accompanied, unaccompanied and separated children**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n30%\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\n\n16%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\n\n8%\n\n\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n40%\n60%\n\n\n\nBULGARIA CYPRUS\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n70%\n\n\nAccompanied, Unaccompanied and Separated Children\nby Country of Arrival\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\nChildren\n25%\n\n\n\nChildren\n19%\n\n\n\n33%\n\n\n\n50% 50%\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees; Spanish Ministry of Interior (MOI) and UNCHR estimates, Spanish Ombudsman; Maltese Immigration Police; and_\n_Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security and Law Enforcement, Malta (MHSE)._\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n\n**Nationality of accompanied, unaccompanied and**\n**separated children by country of arrival**\n\n\nAccompanied children by country of origin and arrival\n\n\n**Age and gender breakdown of all children by country of**\n**arrival**\n\nAccompanied children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied children \u2013 Age breakdown\n\nMost UASC who arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and\nMalta in 2022 were between 15 and 17 years old (76% overall).\nAge disaggregated data on children arriving in Spain is not\navailable.\n\n\n_0 - 4 years_ _5 - 14 years_ _15 - 17 years_\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nSpain*\n\n\n\n86%\n\n\n88%\n\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n7% 5%\n\n\n\n3% 18% 80%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n12% 33%\n\n\n22% 78%\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n_Source: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies on UASC in reception, Spanish Ministry of_\n_Interior (MOI), Spanish Ombudsman, Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs,_\n_National Security and Law Enforcement (MHSE)._\n\n\n_Note: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and sex across countries, these graphs refer to estimates._\n\n\nGender breakdown of children by country of arrival\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys remains high, comprising 82% of all\nchildren who arrived via the Eastern, Central and Western\nMediterranean and Northwest African maritime routes in 2022. The\npercentage of boys arriving in Bulgaria, Italy, Cyprus and Spain was\nsignificantly higher than average: 83% in Bulgaria, 85% in Italy, 77% in\nCyprus, and 88% in Spain. Meanwhile, the percentage of girls arriving\nin Greece increased from 28% in 2021 to 32% in 2022.\n\n\n_BOYS_ _GIRLS_\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n31%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n68%\n\n\n85%\n\n\n83%\n\n\n69%\n\n\n88%\n\n\n\nCyprus 41% 52%\n\n\n\n7%7%\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n81% 19%\n\n\n41% 39% 20%\n\n\n\n33% 24% 43% 7% Cyprus 77% 23%\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n77%\n\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\nAmong the 4,800 accompanied children who arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus,\nGreece and Malta in 2022, 21% were 0-4 years old, 48% were 5-14\nyears old and 31% were 15-17 years old. The age breakdown for\naccompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\n\n\n_* For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 20,089 UASC registered in the reception system in 2022, according to the Italian_\n_Ministry of Labour and Social Policies. These also include children who had not arrived by land or sea to Italy on the Central Mediterranean_\n_route, such as the 5,042 Ukrainian unaccompanied children arrived from Ukraine and reported to be in receptions centres as of the end_\n_2022._\n\n_* Spain: The Committee on the Rights of the Child,_ _[8]_ _the EUAA, the Spanish Ombudsman_ _[9]_ _and other institutions have repeatedly_\n_questioned the reliability of the age tests used in Spain based on the existence of various violations of the Convention on the Rights of the_\n_Child, in particular, the right to identity, the right to be heard, and the right to special protection of children deprived of their family_\n_environment. In response to this reality, the Government created an expert Commission to design a new procedure with more guarantees_\n_that prepared a draft Law regulating the age assessment procedure which has not been approved by the General Courts at the reporting_\n_date._\n\n\n\n_3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n\n**REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\u2019S JOURNEYS**\n**TO EUROPE**\n\n\nIn 2022, IOM interviewed 2,374 refugees and migrants [11]\nwho arrived by sea in Spain (landing on the Peninsular coasts or\non the Canary Islands) and by land in Albania, Bosnia and\nHerzegovina (BiH), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and\nKosovo [12] . Out of the total surveys conducted, 1,021 were with\nadolescents and young adults between 14 and 24 years of age.\nYoung adults represent about 42% of total respondents in\nSpain (377 interviews with respondents between 18 and 24\nyears old). Adolescents and young adults are also 44% of total\nrespondents in the Western Balkans (WB): 616 respondents\nwere aged 18 to 24 years old, and 28 were aged 14 to 17 years\nold.\n\n\n**Western Mediterranean and Western African**\n**Atlantic routes**\n\n\nSociodemographic profile\n\nIn Spain, 81% of the young migrants and refugees\nsurveyed were males, while 19% were females. Almost one\nthird (31%) of them were below 20 years of age at the time of\nthe survey. About 15% of them reported to have children with\nthem or left behind in the country of origin. Female young\nadults more frequently were with children than their male\ncounterparts (50% versus 7%, respectively). Almost one\nfifth of all young migrants and refugees interviewed left\ntheir origin country when they were below 18 years of age.\nOut of the total young adult respondents who arrived via the\nWestern Mediterranean and Western African Atlantic route\n(377), 71% originated from countries in West and Central\nAfrica, followed by 27% from North Africa and 2% from Syrian\nArab Republic, Bangladesh and Sudan. Top nationalities were\nGuinea (18% - mostly from Conakry, Mamou, Kindia\nregions), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (16% - from Abidjan District,\nSassandra-Marahoue and Bas-Sassandra regions) and\nMorocco (15% - Grand Casablanca, Marrakech-Tensift-Al\nHaouz, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taoute), followed by Algeria, Senegal\nand Mali (11% each). While among men there were more\nMoroccans (17%), Guineans (16%), Senegalese and Malians\n(13% each), almost half of the women were from C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire (44%), followed by those from Guinea (26%) and\nMorocco (10%).\n\n\nAlmost half (48%) of young adults who arrived to Spain in\n2022 reported to have completed lower secondary\neducation, 19% primary education, 20% no formal\neducation, 4% religious or other types of non-formal\neducation, and the remaining 9% higher secondary or tertiary\neducation. Almost two thirds (65%) reported to be\nunemployed and looking for a job before leaving their origin\ncountry, followed by 24% who were employed, 6% selfemployed, 4% studying, 1% unemployed and not looking for a\njob and 1% doing an apprentice.\n\n\nJourney\n\n\nMost respondents travelled alone (90%), while 6% travelled\nwith at least one family member (siblings or children mainly)\nand 4% with a group of non-family members. About 14% (53)\nreported to have spent more than one year in a country different\nthan that of origin before moving again toward Europe.\n\n\nReasons and intentions\n\nMore than half (53%) of young respondents in Spain\ncited economic reasons as the primary motivation for\nleaving their country of origin, followed by being subject to\nor threatened with personal violence (28%), by war and\nconflict (11%), and slow environmental changes (5%) and\n\n\n\nreasons related to safety and security, domestic violence and\nabuses, and family disputes, lack of family at all, as well as the\nlack of freedom of expression or democracy were cited as the\nmost common.\n\n\nAt the time of departing from country of origin, the most\ncommon intended destinations were Spain (59%), France (23%),\nMorocco (4%), followed by other European countries. At the time\nof the interview, the most common final intended destination\nremained mainly Spain (57%) and France (28%), while the rest\nof respondents mentioned the intention to reach other European\ncountries (mainly Germany, Italy, Belgium, the UK and Sweden).\n\n\nAmong the main challenges and risks reported while travelling\ntoward Spain were robbery (12%), hunger (13%), financial\nproblems (16%), lack of shelter (10%), health problems\nand having their documents stolen (9% each). Among their\nmost pressing needs, young migrants and refugees reported\nemployment, accommodation, legal assistance, the possibility to\ncontact family and the possibility to continue the journey.\n\n\n**Eastern Mediterranean and Western Balkans routes**\n\n\nSociodemographic profile\n\nOverall, 98% of adolescents and young migrants and refugees\nsurveyed in the WB in 2022 were males (632) and 2% (12) were\nfemales. About 5% (28) were children between 14 and 17 years\nof age, 18% (117) were between 18 and 19 years old, and the\nremaining 77% (499) were between 20 and 24 years old at the\ntime of the survey. Some 4% (4 females, 21 males) reported to\nhave children.\n\n\nOut of the surveyed adolescents and young adults along the WB\nroute (644), more than half (56%) originated from South-West and\nSouth-Asia, 25% from the Middle East, 14% from North Africa\nand 5% from sub-Saharan Africa. Respondents from Afghanistan\n(26%) and Syrian Arab Republic (24%) made half of the sample,\nfollowed by those from Pakistan (16%), Morocco (12%), India\n(8%), Bangladesh (3%), Burundi (2%) and others (9%). Among\nAfghans, Kabul, Herat, Nangarhar, Ghazni were the main reported\nprovinces of origin, most Syrians were from Aleppo, Deir-ez-Zor,\nDar'a, Homs, Idleb and among Pakistanis, Punjab and Khyber\nPakhtunkhwa were the most common provinces of origin. Some\n7% of children and young adults reported to have been internally\ndisplaced before departing abroad: 25 Afghans, nine Syrians, five\nPakistani, one Cameroonian, one Burundian and one Moroccan.\n\n\nSome 41% of adolescents and young adults surveyed in the WB\nhave completed lower secondary education, followed by 37% who\ncompleted primary education, 9% upper secondary education,\n9% no formal education and the remaining 4% other types of\neducation. More than half (52%) reported to be unemployed\nand looking for a job before leaving their origin country, followed\nby 26% who were employed or self-employed, 11% who were\nstudents and the remaining who were unemployed but not\nlooking for a job or preferred not to answer (11%).\n\n\nJourney\n\n\nAbout 35% of children and young adults reported to have\ntravelled alone, while 55% travelled with a group of non-family\nmembers, 8% with at least one family member (siblings or\nspouse and children mainly) and 2% with facilitators. About\n24% of respondents reported to have departed from a country\ndifferent than that of origin before moving again toward Europe:\nmost reported to have departed from T\u00fcrkiye and Greece after\nhaving spent more than one year there.\n\n\n\n_4_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN\u2019S JOURNEYS", - "confidence": 0.7185396552085876, - "start": 11, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.8050573468208313, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.6110867857933044, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8540496230125427, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9295071959495544, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.5613996982574463, - "start": 34, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5860331058502197, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8756741285324097, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.6432814002037048, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.9708357453346252, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reasons and intentions", - "confidence": 0.7677106857299805, - "start": 643, - "end": 646 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.793094277381897, - "start": 657, - "end": 658 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "young respondents", - "confidence": 0.841416597366333, - "start": 654, - "end": 656 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sociodemographic profile", - "confidence": 0.6892009973526001, - "start": 932, - "end": 934 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8678891658782959, - "start": 1014, - "end": 1015 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "WB", - "confidence": 0.7860491275787354, - "start": 948, - "end": 949 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9735730290412903, - "start": 950, - "end": 951 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescents and young migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.903161346912384, - "start": 939, - "end": 945 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Journey", - "confidence": 0.5875354409217834, - "start": 1332, - "end": 1333 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and young adults", - "confidence": 0.8733066320419312, - "start": 1337, - "end": 1341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n\nReasons and intentions\n\nAlmost half of the children and young adults (47%) reported\nwar and conflict as the primary reason for leaving their country\nof origin, followed by economic motivations (31%), slow\nenvironmental changes (8%), being subject to or threatened\nwith personal violence (4%), and others (10%). Among the\nreasons related to safety and security, violent family disputes,\ndomestic violence, discrimination, religious, sexual, and gender\nwere cited as the most common.\n\n\nAt the beginning of the journey, the most common intended\ndestinations were Germany (30%), Italy (18%), France (16%),\nGreece (9%) Netherlands (5%), Austria (4%), the United\nKingdom and Belgium (3% each) and other European countries.\nSimilar shares of preferences for intended final destinations\nwere reported at the moment of the interview.\n\n\nAmong the main challenges and risks reported by respondents\nwhile travelling toward Europe, there were lack of shelter\n(reported by 25% of the total), hunger (24%), financial\nproblems (22%), robbery (16%), health problems (9%, mostly\nleg injuries, fever, stomach infections) and documents stolen\n(8%). Among their most pressing needs, young migrants\nand refugees reported food, accommodation/shelter. cash\nassistance, medical assistance, clothing and the possibility to\ncontinue the journey.\n\n\nOverall, young migrant and refugee respondents were also\nasked about their experiences of violence, exploitation\nand abuse they may have lived during the journey [13] . About\n18% reported to have suffered physical violence, while smaller\nshares reported to have worked without being paid (6%) or\nto have been forced to work (2%). Greece, T\u00fcrkiye, Croatia,\nBulgaria, and Serbia were the countries where most of the\nreported violence and abuses occurred.\n\n\n_[Source: IOM\u2019s DTM Europe \u2014 Flow Monitoring Surveys in Spain, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,](https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals)_\n_[Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/serbia-flow-monitoring-surveys-report-round-1-30-june-19-september-2022)_ _[12]_ _(2022)_\n\n#### Asylum applications and decisions\n\n\nAsylum applicants\n\nIn 2022, European countries [14] reported that 917,130 [15] new\nasylum-seekers (first-time applicants [16] ) applied for international\nprotection. This represents an increase by 363,725 (or 66%)\nfrom 2021 (553,405). About one-fourth of first-time asylum\napplicants were children (234,710), a 35% increase from 2021\n(174,385). Some 94,000 (or 41%) of all new asylum-seeking\nchildren were girls.\n\n\nGermany, France, Austria, Spain, Belgium and\nSwitzerland recorded the largest numbers of new asylum\napplications from children, receiving more than three-fourths of\nall first-time child asylum applicants in Europe.\n\n\nThe five main citizenships were Syrian, Afghan, Iraqi, Turkish,\nand Venezuelans, who accounted to 49% of the total first-time\nasylum applicant children in 2022.\n\n\n\nTop six countries received new asylum applications from\nchildren\n\n\n\n20,580\n\n\n22,825\n\n\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\nBelgium\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nAustria\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nGermany\n\n\n\n9,675\n\n\n9,685\n\n\n\n34,070\n\n\n2022 2021\n\n\n\n81,210\n\n\n\n\n\nAsylum applicants as unaccompanied children\n\nIn 2022, 42,280 unaccompanied children applied for asylum,\nwhich is 60% more than in 2021 (26,395) and 197% more\nthan in 2020 (14,225). Some 7% were girls, while 93% were\nboys. Again, Afghanistan (45%) stood as the leading country\nof origin of asylum-seeking children who are considered to be\nunaccompanied followed by the Syrian Arab Republic (24%) and\nSomalia (6%). These three countries accounted for 75% of the\ntotal in 2022.\n\n\nTop countries of origin of unaccompanied children applying for asylum\n\n\n17,670\n\n\n9,625\n\n\n\n2,330\n\n\n\n1,355 9,55 8,75 7,20\n\n\n\nAfghanistan Syrian Somalia Pakistan Egypt Eritrea T\u00fcrkiye\n\nArab\nRepublic\n\n\n\n_5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n\nFirst-instance decisions on child asylum applications\n\nIn 2022, national authorities across the European countries\nissued 184,040 first-instance decisions hild asylum\napplications, a 24% increase from 2021 (148,700). Of these,\n124,195, or 67% were positive decisions, a seven percent\npoints increase from 2021. Germany (47%), France (17%),\nGreece (8%) and Spain (6%) contributed three-fourth of the\nfirst-instance total decisions on children\u2019s asylum applications.\n\n\nIn absolute numbers, Germany issued the most\npositive decisions (63,730) granting refugee status,\nhumanitarian status and subsidiary protection to Syrian,\nAfghan and Iraqi children, followed by France who\nissued the second most positive decisions (13,800)\ngranting refugee status to Afghan, Ivorian and\nGuinean asylum-seeking children. Meanwhile, Spain issued\nthe third most positive decisions (7,255) granting\nhumanitarian status to the Republic of Venezuela children.\n\n\nThough refugee and subsidiary protection status are\ndefined by EU law, humanitarian reasons are specific to\nnational legislation and not applicable in all Member\nStates. Out of 124,195 children who received a positive\ndecision in the first instance, 56% were granted\nrefugee status (67% in 2021), 27% subsidiary protection\n(22% in 2021) and 18% humanitarian status (11% in\n2021).\n\n\nAbout 33% of all first-time asylum-seeking children\nwho applied for international protection were rejected seven percent less than in 2021. Among the top countries\nof origin, the adverse first-instance decisions on their\napplications were notably higher for children from the\nRepublic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Moldova\n(98% each), Georgia (94%), Albania (89%), Colombia\n(88%), Nigeria (72%), C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (56%) and Iraq (51%).\n\n\n#### Decisions on child asylum applications in 2022, by country of origin\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_6_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n#### Relocation\n\nRelocation has remained an important means of supporting\nvulnerable migrants and refugees in Europe, including UASC,\nand enhancing solidarity among States.\n\n\nIn 2022, IOM continued its support to relocation under\nexisting schemes in Greece, Malta and Italy and \u2013 as a follow\nup to the adoption of the Solidarity Declaration in June 2022\n\n- under the newly adopted Voluntary Solidarity Mechanism.\nIn close cooperation with involved governments and partner\nagencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and EUAA, and under\noverall coordination by DG HOME a total of 710 individuals were\nassisted with voluntary relocation from Cyprus, Greece, Malta\nand Italy to 8 European countries. This is four times less than\nthe 2,853 beneficiaries relocated in 2021.\n\n\nSome 297 children (42% of the 710 in total) were relocated from\nGreece, Italy, Cyprus and Malta to other European countries in\n2022. Of them, 210 were boys and 87 girls. This included 60\ncases relocated from Greece who aged-out during the process.\nAmong all the relocated children, 134 were UASC (47% of the\ntotal) and were relocated from Greece to Portugal (126), France\n(7) and Italy (1).\n\n\n_Note: Note: Among the children relocated from Greece in 2022, there were 60 cases who aged-out_\n_during the process._\n\n\n#### Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) for Children and UASC\n\nIn 2022, IOM provided voluntary return support to\n19,550 migrants from European Economic Area (EEA)\ncountries, the United Kingdom and Switzerland (28%\nof all migrants assisted globally, who were almost 70\nthousand) to their origin countries. Of these, 40% (7,874)\nwere assisted in returning from Germany alone, and\nabout 22% (4,302) were children, including 33 UASC.\n\n\nOf all AVRR beneficiaries assisted in returning from the\nEEA region, the United Kingdom and Switzerland, around\n48% (9,401) returned to countries in South-Eastern\nEurope, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; 15% (3,023)\nto Asia and the Pacific, 13% (2,623) to the Middle East\nand North Africa, 11% (2,210) to South America and the\nrest, 12% (2,293), to other regions.\n\n\nAmong the 4,302 children assisted in returning from\nthe EEA region, their main countries of nationality were\nNorth Macedonia, Georgia, Albania, Iraq, Brazil, Serbia,\nBosnia and Herzegovina, the Russian Federation and\nMongolia.\n\n#### Children resettled in Europe\n\nOf the 23,900 people in resettlement procedures in\nEurope in 2022, 52% were children (28% boys and\n24% girls). Germany, Sweden, France, Norway, and\nthe Netherlands were the main countries in Europe\nconsidering children\u2019s resettlement cases. Syrians,\nCongolese (Democratic Republic of Congo), Afghans,\nand Sudanese were the most common nationalities\nof children whose cases were being considered for\nresettlement by European States.\n\n\n\n_7_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January - December 2022\n\n\n#### Definitions:\n\n\u201cA **child** means every human being below the age of eighteen\nyears unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is\n[attained earlier.\u201d [source]](https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child)\n\n\n\u201cSeparated children are children (\u2026) who have been separated\nfrom both parents, or from their previous legal or customary\nprimary care-giver, but not necessarily from other relatives.\nThese may, therefore, include children accompanied by other\n[adult family members.\u201d [source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\n\u201cUnaccompanied children (also called unaccompanied minors)\nare children (\u2026) who have been separated from both parents\nand other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult\nwho, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. [[source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\nA **\"refugee\"** is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of\nbeing persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is\noutside the country of their nationality and is unable to or,\nowing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of\nthat country (Article 1 A 1951 Refugee Convention).\n\n\nAn **\"asylum-seeker\"** is a person who has applied for\nasylum and is awaiting a decision as to whether they are a\nrefugee. Determination of refugee status can only be of a\ndeclaratory nature. Indeed, any person is a refugee within the\nframework of a given instrument if they meet the criteria of the\nrefugee definition in that instrument, whether they are\nformally recognized as a refugee or not (UNHCR Note on\nDetermination of Refugee Status under International\nInstruments). [[source]](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments)\n\n\nA **\"migrant\"** refers to any person who is moving or has\nmoved across an international border or within a State away\nfrom their habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the\nperson\u2019s legal status; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or\ninvoluntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4)\nwhat the length of the stay is. [[source]](https://www.iom.int/about-migration)\n\n#### About the factsheet\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe\nwith regards to refugee and migrant children (accompanied\nand UASC). It compiles key child-related data based on available\nofficial sources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions,\nprofiling of arrivals, as well as relocation from Greece, Italy,\nCyprus and Malta to other EU Member States.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2022, which provide up-to-date information on migrant and refugee\nchildren, including unaccompanied and separated children, who\narrived via Mediterranean and Western African Atlantic routes in\nEurope.\n\n\nJointly compiled and produced by:\n\n\n#### Limitation of available data on children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults\nand children) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such\nmovements are largely irregular and involve smuggling\nnetworks, which are difficult to track. If collected, data is\nrarely disaggregated by nationality, risk category, gender or\nage. Reliable data on the number of UASC either arriving or\ncurrently residing in different European countries is often\nunavailable. The number of asylum applications filed by\nUASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does\nnot necessarily provide an accurate picture of the caseload\ndue to backlogs in national asylum systems, onward irregular\nmovements or children not applying for asylum at all. In\naddition, due to different definitions and national procedures\nand practices, collecting accurate data on separated children\nspecifically is very challenging (e.g. separated children\nbeing registered as either accompanied or unaccompanied).\nEurostat data on asylum applications and decisions on\nchildren and UASC have been downloaded on 15 July 2023,\nand may be subject to consolidation.\n\n\n_Endnotes_\n\n1. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements. The data reflects both\nsea and land arrivals in Greece, land arrivals in Bulgaria, and sea arrivals in Cyprus, Italy, Malta\nand Spain. Data for Spain is based on the Ministry of Interior\u2019s statistics and UNHCR\u2019s estimates.\n\n2. Separated children are children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may, therefore, include\nchildren accompanied by other adult family members. Unaccompanied children are children who\nhave been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult\nwho, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so (IASC).\n\n3. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR\u2019s border activities and National Coordination Centre for Border Control, Immigration and Asylum (ESKESMA).\n\n4. Data for Spain is based on the Ministry of Interior\u2019s statistics and UNHCR\u2019s estimates.\n\n5. Data on sea arrivals to Italy is based on information received from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n\n6. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on data and\ntrends that are not typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the Bulgarian\nHelsinki Committee.\n\n7. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home Affairs, National\nSecurity and Law Enforcement (MHSE), Malta. UASC figures are based on age declared by the\nrefugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all persons who make such a declaration are recognized to\nbe UASC by the authorities after the age assessment is completed.\n\n8. Decisions adopted by the Committee in relation to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on\nthe Rights of the Child on a communications procedure regarding communications n\u00fam. 4/2016,\nn\u00fam. 11/2017, n\u00fam. 15/2017, n\u00fam. 16/2017, n\u00fam. 17/2017, n\u00fam. 21/2017, n\u00fam. 22/2017, n\u00fam.\n24/2017, n\u00fam. 25/2017, n\u00fam. 27/2017, n\u00fam. 28/2017, n\u00fam. 37/2017, n\u00fam. 38/2017, n\u00fam.\n40/2018, n\u00fam. 63/2018 y n\u00fam. 73/2019. In all of them, the Committee considers that the rights\nrecognized by the Convention for children have been violated.\n\n9. Ombudsman, \u201cLos ni\u00f1os y los adolescentes en el informe del Defensor del Pueblo de 2021\u201d,\navailable in Spanish at:https://www.defensordelpueblo.es/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ni%C3%\nB1os-y-adolescentes-en-el-IA-2021.pdf\n\n10. Draft Law regulating the age assessment procedure, available in Spanish at: https://\nwww.mjusticia.gob.es/es/AreaTematica/ActividadLegislativa/Documents/APL%\n20procedimiento%20evaluacion%20de%20la%20edad.pdf\n\n11. IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys were carried out with migrants and refugees travelling to Europe through a network of data collectors deployed more than 50\nflow monitoring points located on entry, transit and exit locations in Spain and the Western\nBalkan region. In Spain, only adults were interviewed. For more information and country-level\n[reports, please see here.](https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals)\n\n12. References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council\nresolution 1244 (1999).\n\n13. The list of indicators considered included is: Having worked without getting the expected payment; Being forced to work; Offers of an arranged marriage; Being kept at a certain location\nagainst their will; Experienced some form of physical violence; Observed threats with sexual\nviolence.\n\n14. European Union Member States + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.\n\n15. Data extracted on 11 July 2023.\n\n16. A first-time applicant is a person who lodge an application for asylum for the first time in a given\nEuropean country.\n\nMaps in this file are for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown\nand the designations used do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by\nUNHCR, UNICEF and IOM.\n\n\n\nUNICEF:\n**Deepak Kumar Dey**\ndkdey@unicef.org\n\n\n\nIOM:\n**Ivona Zakoska Todorovska**\ndtmmediterranean@iom.int\n\n\n\nFor further information or any\nquestions concerning this\nfactsheet, please contact:\n\n\n\nUNHCR:\n**Javed Khan**\nkhanjav@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n_8_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.6849640607833862, - "start": 431, - "end": 432 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8876937031745911, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9486165046691895, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.9799924492835999, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.7885701060295105, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.836834728717804, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5649299621582031, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5180204510688782, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.5627064108848572, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.6974242925643921, - "start": 774, - "end": 777 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.8176736235618591, - "start": 823, - "end": 826 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7189800143241882, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5312488675117493, - "start": 762, - "end": 763 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Arrival figures for Greece", - "confidence": 0.9273573756217957, - "start": 918, - "end": 922 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.8600849509239197, - "start": 921, - "end": 922 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6798776388168335, - "start": 1061, - "end": 1064 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5175790190696716, - "start": 991, - "end": 994 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Observations on data and\ntrends", - "confidence": 0.637627124786377, - "start": 1003, - "end": 1008 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.71355801820755, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC figures", - "confidence": 0.9888169765472412, - "start": 1052, - "end": 1054 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malta", - "confidence": 0.9907394647598267, - "start": 1050, - "end": 1051 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.524207592010498, - "start": 1134, - "end": 1135 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9644907116889954, - "start": 1061, - "end": 1064 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.970605194568634, - "start": 1301, - "end": 1304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Flow Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.6466138362884521, - "start": 1307, - "end": 1310 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9947905540466309, - "start": 1305, - "end": 1306 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9835556149482727, - "start": 1298, - "end": 1299 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5634751915931702, - "start": 1253, - "end": 1254 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.9679790139198303, - "start": 1314, - "end": 1317 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.7900645136833191, - "start": 1363, - "end": 1364 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.7624907493591309, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1351 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6195528507232666, - "start": 1470, - "end": 1471 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.532182514667511, - "start": 1470, - "end": 1471 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adults", - "confidence": 0.9537003636360168, - "start": 1353, - "end": 1354 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/30286a06-fb27-41ca-8123-3eec2a05d7be/Refugee%20and%20Migrant%20Children%20in%20Europe%202022-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_604/raw/doc_604_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_604/raw/doc_604_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f75857ff205a3e0d38dc2e1f479d2ce83400a9e2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_604/raw/doc_604_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,284 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Prepared by UNHCR\nDivision of International Protection\nNovember 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\nGlobal Overview.........................................................................................................................................................................................3\n\n\nRegional Trends **.** .........................................................................................................................................................................................4\n\n\nAfrica **.** .............................................................................................................................................................................................................5\n\n\nMiddle East and North Africa.................................................................................................................................................................9\n\n\nEurope..........................................................................................................................................................................................................11\n\n\nAsia................................................................................................................................................................................................................13\n\n\nAmericas **.** ....................................................................................................................................................................................................15\n\n\nUNHCR and Global Developments on Refugee Protection in Mixed Migration...............................................................17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **GLOBAL OVERVIEW**\n\n**Trends August 2013 \u2013 July 2014**\n\n\n_Today, more people are living this sorrow than at any other time since most of us in this_\n_room were born. At the end of 2013, over 51 million people were in displacement due to_\n## \u201c\n_conflict and persecution. By the end of this year, I am sure they will be even more.\u201d_\n\n\u0007Opening remarks at the 65th session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme.\nAnt\u00f3nio Guterres, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, 30 September 2014\n\n\nMassive forced displacement due to armed conflict and persecution has marked 2013/14. While many of these\nmovements have remained within national boundaries, increasingly more refugee men, women and children\nhave fled across international borders in search of protection and solutions. Protracted refugee situations have\nalso contributed to onward movements. Today, refugees and asylum-seekers are a prominent part of mixed\nmigratory movements worldwide.\n\n\nWhile international migration continues to grow in scale and complexity, those fleeing conflict and persecution\nare often caught in precarious situations. Deterrence and control measures adopted by States also impact\nrefugees traveling in mixed migratory flows. The identification and protection of refugees amidst mixed\nmovements, and their safe access to asylum, remain outstanding challenges today. While en route, heightened\nrisks of abuse, abduction and human trafficking abound, with transnational criminal gangs preying on desperate\npeople on the move. Criminal smuggling networks have in many instances been linked to human rights abuses,\nbut they are often the only means for asylum-seekers and refugees to access safety and protection from war\nand persecution.\n\n\nIn order to address these challenges, UNHCR works together with States and a broad array of international and\nnational organizations to ensure refugee protection in mixed migration situations. This update provides a short\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REGIONAL TRENDS**\n\nWidespread conflict, instability and unresolved refugee situations formed the backdrop for the movement of\nrefugees and asylum-seekers, often in mixed flows. UNHCR continued its call for the resolution of conflicts,\nenhanced access to asylum, and for cooperative arrangements aimed to share responsibilities for the protection\nof refugees amongst affected States. Specific regional updates on refugee protection in the context of mixed\nmigration are provided further in this document. Prominent developments in the update period are shared\nbelow:\n\n\nThe crisis in the Central African Republic (CAR), which had triggered by mid-2014 the displacement of over\n400,000 asylum-seekers, including an estimated 120,000 third country nationals, prompted massive mixed\nflows beyond the Central African region. Recurrent incidents in Northern Mali continued to hamper the return\nof Malian refugees and migrants, while insecurity in northeastern Nigeria had led to the flight of over 140,000\nestimated refugees and returnees, as well as long-time residents, into the neighbouring countries by November\n2014. The asylum systems in Southern Africa continued to be overstretched in the increasingly complex mixed\nmigration context of arrivals from East and Central Africa, owing to lack of effective migration alternatives.\n\n\nMost of the mixed movements from the East and Horn of Africa consisted of persons making their way towards\nYemen and the Gulf countries, resulting in over 215 reported deaths in the Gulf of Aden between January and\nOctober 2014. Reports of violence and abuse perpetrated by criminal gangs also remained high on the route\nto North Africa, while the deteriorating security environment in Libya compelled many refugees and asylumseekers to flee onwards. Approximately 85 per cent of the more than 154,000 persons, who chose to cross the\nMediterranean to Italy by October 2014, departed from Libya.\n\n\nThe number of people seeking protection or a better life by sea in Southeast Asia between June 2013 and July\n2014 increased by over 60 per cent, with over 6,500 refugees and asylum-seekers believed to be in immigration\ndetention by end-November 2014. Informal cross border movements between Afghanistan and Pakistan, as\nwell as movements of Afghans from the Islamic Republic of Iran, continued into Turkey, which hosted over one\nmillion Syrian refugees by November 2014.\n\n\nAt the end of November 2014, the conditions in Ukraine had led almost 230,000 persons to apply for international\nprotection in the Russian Federation, while 490,000 had been internally displaced. Protection-sensitive border\nmanagement, referrals for appropriate response and reception conditions remained challenging in a number of\nEuropean countries, including the trend of Syrian and Eritrean asylum-seekers\u2019 preference for particular States\nin which to lodge an asylum claim. Over 200,000 refugees and migrants had arrived in Europe by sea across the\nMediterranean by end-November 2014, compared to 60,000 in 2013.\n\n\nThe Americas continued to witness large-scale mixed movements originating from within and outside the\nregion, with violence perpetuated by transnational organized criminal groups becoming a common cause of\nflight. Over 68,000 unaccompanied children crossed the southern United States border between October 2013\nand September 2014. Almost 60 per cent of the children interviewed by UNHCR during and after October 2011\nindicated potential or actual need for asylum and international protection.\n\n\nIn the global context, UNHCR continued to advocate for asylum-seekers to have access to territory, to have\ntheir claims efficiently assessed, and to benefit from protection in the territory of the State where they arrive,\nor which has jurisdiction over them. UNHCR\u2019s advocacy on refugee protection in mixed migration continued to\nbenefit from the guidance provided in the 10-Point Plan of Action.\n\n\n4 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum systems", - "confidence": 0.828158974647522, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.6059691309928894, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5289003252983093, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.5434665679931641, - "start": 292, - "end": 295 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Central African Republic (CAR) crisis profoundly affected movement dynamics in the **Central African**\nregion. By mid-2014, widespread violence had led to the displacement of over 400,000 refugees and 500,000\nIDPs, including 120,000 third country nationals. The conflict also prompted significant mixed movements\nbeyond the region. Recent trends indicate that some countries in the region, including Tanzania, have become\nboth transit and destination States for irregular flows, mainly from Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s principal objective in addressing mixed migratory movements is to encourage and assist States\nto establish protection-sensitive border control and migration management systems to ensure refugee\nidentification and protection.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [Significant advances have been made in the East and Southern African region on the implementation of ]\nthe Action Plan developed following the 2010 _Regional Conference on Refugee Protection and International_\n_Migration._ Capacity-building efforts have included a range of activities such as team building exercises in\nthe coastal regions of Tanzania, as well as advocacy and training for the media on refugee protection in\nmixed migration.\n\n\nA follow-up meeting to the Regional Conference was held in November 2014.\n\n\nMarking an end of five years in exile following community clashes in 2009 over traditional fishing rights,\nthe voluntary repatriation of almost 120,000 refugees to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from the\nneighbouring Republic of Congo was completed in July 2014. The province of repatriation also hosts more than\n64,000 refugees from CAR, with new arrivals registered every week.\n\n\nMixed movements in **West Africa** remained largely within the region, with a trickle moving to Europe and\nNorth America through smuggling networks. The conflict and insecurity in CAR and Nigeria prompted displacement of refugees and returnees, as well as long-time residents, whose nationality could not always be clearly\ndetermined. Considerable challenges including insecurity and recurrent incidents in Northern Mali continue to\nhamper the return of Malian refugees and migrants.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR has partnerships with National Refugee Commissions in the region for the identification of those in\nneed of international protection and their channelling for appropriate protection responses. In addition to\ncapacity building, UNHCR conducted sensitization on refugee protection at the borders of Senegal and in\nBurkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. In Benin, UNHCR also sensitized persons of concern on risks\nrelating to onward movements. Moreover, UNHCR plays an advocacy and advisory role for several governments\nthat are developing new asylum and migration policies. These include Benin, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea,\nGuinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.\n\n\nInter-agency cooperation on refugee protection in mixed migration also extends to the training of border\nofficials and other partners. Joint research on stranded migrants and the nexus between statelessness\nand migration in West-Africa was conducted in 2013 and 2014. Together with the Commission of Economic\nCommunity of West-African States (ECOWAS), UNHCR works to strengthen the protection of refugees and\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs) as an integral component of regional policies.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [In collaboration with the relevant States and ECOWAS, thousands of displaced persons have been ]\nintegrated into local communities in post-conflict countries (Liberia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra\nLeone) and in countries of asylum using the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocols, Right of Residence and\nEstablishment.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers from DRC often move towards **Southern Africa** to access protection, where UNHCR engages\nwith partners to ensure protection-sensitive border approaches, strengthened refugee status determination\nprocedures, and measures to combat human trafficking. Together with governments, UNHCR has developed\ntools and systems for the identification of refugees and asylum-seekers and their referral for appropriate\nresponses. It also implements a region-specific mixed migration strategy and a 5-year Mixed Migration Plan\nof Action that includes exploration of ways to offer a new layer of protection to people on the move through\nlabour schemes and private sector support. Together with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM),\nUNHCR held regional consultations ahead of the 2014 Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA), which\nthe two agencies organized in Malawi in June 2014.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [The 2015 Ministerial MIDSA conference is expected to adopt the draft regional action plan discussed in ]\nMalawi.\n\n\nThe complex migration patterns in the **East and Horn of Africa** include refugees moving in search of asylum\nalongside migrants. Most of these movements in 2013/14 were primarily composed of Ethiopians and Somalis\nattempting to make their way to Yemen and the Gulf, especially to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Djibouti\nand Yemen served as transit points for the majority of people traveling to the Arabian Peninsula by sea, which\nhas created strong criminal smuggling networks in the Horn of Africa. While figures of fatalities during the land\njourney are unavailable, estimates indicate that the region accounted for some 10% of global deaths of people\non the move in the first eight months of 2014.\n\n\n\u00ea \u00ea [UNHCR and its partners reported 215 persons who have died or gone missing on the journey across the ]\nGulf of Aden between January and October 2014.\n\n\nWhile the scale is unclear, the mixed flows from the East and Horn of Africa also moved to the Southern African\nregion in search of protection, asylum and also for labour opportunities. Another major migratory route from\nthe East and Horn of Africa was through Libya and the Mediterranean reaching Europe in unseaworthy boats.\n\n\n\u00ea \u00ea [The number of people departing from Libya by sea has significantly risen in 2014, including due to the ]\nprevailing insecurity.\n\n\n6 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Both the Mediterranean, Yemen and KSA routes traditionally record high prevalence of violence and abuse.\nReports of sexual violence, both in terms of incidents of rape and sexual exploitation, also remain high.\n\n\nUNHCR activities have been focused on strengthening the capacity of key State and local partners to enable\nrefugee protection and solutions through practical approaches. Capacity building and information campaigns\ncontinue to address the overwhelming challenges of the impact of trafficking in human beings (THB) on\nrefugees and asylum-seekers. Where possible, UNHCR facilitated provision of direct psychosocial support and\nlegal assistance to victims of trafficking, as well as third country resettlement, family reunion and voluntary\nreturn.\n\n\nOnward movement of Somali and Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia continues to be of particular concern. UNHCR\nhas been engaging in conducting sensitization activities on the dangers of irregular travel. UNHCR and IOM\nhave also supported the African Union (AU) in organizing regional consultations on trafficking in human\nbeings, including a _Ministerial Conference on Human Trafficking and Smuggling in the East and Horn of Africa_ held\nin Khartoum in October 2014.\n\n\nJoint efforts with the Government of Sudan have already demonstrated improved security in refugee camps in\nEastern Sudan with some reduction of risks from trafficking and smuggling gangs.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [UNHCR operates two reception centres to ensure safe transportation of asylum-seekers to Shagarab ]\nrefugee camp. A safe house has also been created for the extremely vulnerable individuals, including\nvictims of trafficking in need of witness protection. A similar reception centre is in place in Ethiopia.\n\n\nIn Somalia, UNHCR and its local partners engaged in mapping service providers to which migrants and other\npersons not of concern to UNHCR may be referred. The strategy developed by the Mixed Migration Task Force\n(MMTF) in Somalia also foresees engagement with, and capacity building of, national and regional authorities\nto address the causes and consequences of mixed migratory flows.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [In countries where arrests and detention of asylum-seekers are not uncommon, UNHCR has set up a ]\nnetwork of detention monitors and community protection committees to address the protection needs of\nasylum-seekers and refugees. Initiatives in Kenya and Sudan have been particularly successful.\n\n\n**ADDRESSING THE INFORMATION GAP ON**\n**SHIFTING MIXED MIGRATION TRENDS**\n\n\nUNHCR works closely with the Mixed Migration\nTask Forces in East and Horn of Africa, which\ncoordinate information sharing and enable analysis\nof rapidly shifting trends in mixed migration. These\nTask Forces are managed by the Regional Mixed\nMigration Secretariat (RMMS), and are supported\nby the Danish Refugee Council, UNHCR and IOM.\nThe MMTFs play a key role in keeping stakeholders\nabreast of this complex cross-regional challenge\nand facilitate speedy operational responses. UNHCR\nin consultation with partners is seeking to replicate\nthe RMMS information co-ordination model in other\nregions with complex mixed migratory movements.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Every year, thousands of refugees and migrants become victims of criminal smuggling and trafficking networks\noperating across the East and Horn of Africa to the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. A significant number of\nthe victims are persons of concern to UNHCR, who report abuse suffered from traffickers as well as exploitation\nby smugglers. To document movement trends and to coordinate timely responses amongst its country offices,\nUNHCR developed its 2012 _**Strategy and Regional Plan of Action: Smuggling and Trafficking from the East and**_\n_**Horn of Africa**_ [1] targeting country and cross-country approaches in Sudan, Ethiopia, Israel, Djibouti, Yemen and\nEgypt. UNHCR has released a Progress Report for 2013-2014 relating to the implementation of the Strategy. [2]\n\n\n**LIVE, LEARN AND PLAY SAFE**\n\n\nChildren are an important and vulnerable demographic to be taken into account in mixed migratory\nmovements. The protection of Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children (UASC) at risk of being caught up\nin dangerous onward movements requires specifically tailored interventions in the areas of child protection, education, skills development and solutions.\nIn 2013, UNHCR launched the regional _Live, Learn_\n_and Play Safe_ [3] multi-year project that aims to reduce\nprotection risks for children on the move in Egypt,\nEthiopia, Sudan and Yemen, and to prevent their\nonward movement. The initiative had, until October\n2014, enabled over 4,500 children to enjoy improved\nprotection.\n\n\n1 _Smuggling and Trafficking from the Horn and East Africa: Executive Summary,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/51d175314.html.\n\n2 _Smuggling and Trafficking from the East of Africa: Progress Report,_ October 2014,\n\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/5437a14d4.html.\n\n3 _Child Protection Regional Initiative \u2013 Live, Learn & Play Safe 2014-2016,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/53bbc6314.html.\n\n\n8 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The mixed flows in the Middle East and North Africa include an increasing number of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees, stranded migrants, people displaced by slow-onset natural disasters, and persons moving for other\nreasons.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [A study commissioned by UNHCR in 2013 indicated that many of the people who arrived in Libya after ]\nescaping persecution or insecurity in their home countries did not intend to move any further.\n\n\nOnly some had left their countries with the specific intention of reaching Europe. However, as the security\nenvironment in Libya deteriorated, many refugees and asylum-seekers present in the country were compelled\nto flee onwards. The situation in Libya, characterized also by the absence of effective border control and\nbreakdown in law and order, resulted in a significant increase in irregular departures by sea: by July 2014, over\n83,000 persons risked their lives travelling from Libya to Italy in dangerous, unseaworthy boats. [4]\n\n\nMovements to Israel halted through the Sinai route after the completion of a 242-kilometre fence on the\nIsraeli border with Egypt and the Israeli adoption of strict legislative measures aimed at deterring new entries.\nRestoring family unity for separated children has remained challenging under these restrictions. An increasing\ntrend has also been observed of Syrian refugees moving from Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt to Benghazi and\nmaking their way towards Tripoli as a departure point towards Europe in search of asylum and protection.\n\n\nThe Gulf Countries continue to adopt particularly restrictive immigration policies, but yet remain an attractive\ndestination for millions of migrants seeking employment. UNHCR works with the governments in the region to\nidentify and intervene in cases of persons of its concern in detention and those stranded at airports. Yemen has\nremained an important destination, as well as transit country for asylum-seekers and migrants for access to the\nGulf States.\n\n\n4 Approximately 85 per cent of the total number of arrivals to Italy by the end of October 2014 are believed to have departed\nfrom Libya.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR activities in the region have aimed at supporting preventive and response strategies. Through 2013\nto mid-2014, UNHCR carried out advocacy for the imperative of upholding the principle of _non-refoulement_,\nand provided training on mixed migration and sexual and gender-based violence. In Israel, UNHCR initiated\ntogether with the Government a psychosocial support pilot project. In North Africa, UNHCR works to build the\ncapacity of migration-management officials on protection-sensitive entry systems and to combat trafficking in\nhuman beings. It also collaborates with IOM on the assisted voluntary return of migrants and rejected asylumseekers. Joint approaches have also been adopted for the identification of victims of human trafficking for\nresponse referrals. In Egypt, a project is in place to assist victims of human trafficking in need of resettlement,\nincluding survivors of torture, women and girls at risk, adolescents at risk and individuals with legal and physical\nprotection needs.\n\n\nSince early 2013, UNHCR has conducted\nmonitoring missions in the eastern\nregion of Morocco through which more\nthan 90 per cent of irregular mixed\nmovements occur. In Libya, in response\nto what it sees as a growing emergency,\nUNHCR had started the _Know before_\n_You Go_ information campaign before\nit was put on hold due to the security\nsituation. The awareness raising\ncampaign, organized in partnership\nwith the Coast Guard, NGOs, UN\npartners and asylum-seekers, aimed at\nproviding accurate information about\nthe potential risks of irregular sea travel.\n\n\nIn Yemen, UNHCR works to build the capacity of its government counterparts and advocates for the adoption\nof new legislation on asylum, trafficking in human beings and smuggling. In November 2013, supported by\nUNHCR and IOM, the Government of Yemen hosted a second _**Regional Conference on Asylum and Migration.**_\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [A direct outcome of the conference was the Sana\u2019a Declaration, which is an important step in the process ]\nof addressing issues related to asylum and migration in the wider region.\n\n\nThe Declaration aims to address the root causes of mixed migration as well as improve law enforcement, searchand-rescue capacity, support for voluntary return programs and enhance employment opportunities. The\nDeclaration also seeks to raise awareness in countries of origin, increase regional and international cooperation,\nand, crucially, strengthen refugee protection.\n\n\n**MIXED MIGRATION: LIBYA AT THE CROSSROADS**\n\n\n_Mixed Migration: Libya at the Crossroads Mapping of Migration Routes from Africa to Europe and Drivers of_\n_Migration in Post-revolution Libya_ [5] is a study carried out by Altai Consulting in 2013, planned and commissioned\nby UNHCR. Its main objective was to gain insight into the mixed migration dynamics on the route from the\nEast and Horn of Africa to Libya in the post-Gaddafi era, based on extensive field work in Libya, Niger, Sudan,\nEthiopia, Somaliland, Malta and Italy. The study provides vital information on travel routes, cost, entry points\nand conditions of the journey, as well as on the dynamics and economics of the smuggling business, and the\nvarious protection problems refugees and asylum-seekers face during their journey.\n\n\n5 _Mixed Migration: Libya at the Crossroads \u2013 Mapping of Migration Routes from Africa to Europe and Drivers of Migration in Post-_\n_revolution Libya,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/52b43f594.html.\n\n\n10 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8763615489006042, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.870195209980011, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East and Horn of Africa to Libya", - "confidence": 0.5094490051269531, - "start": 485, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7739940881729126, - "start": 595, - "end": 596 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9864761829376221, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9035874605178833, - "start": 554, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Countries in **South-Eastern Europe** continue to cope with the consequences of large-scale displacement from\nthe 1991-1995 conflicts, but have increasingly become a destination for refugees and migrants from outside\nthe region. Turkey on its part hosted over one million Syrian refugees in and outside refugee camps as of\nend-November 2014. Latest estimations indicate that approximately 60 per cent of Syrian refugees crossing into\nTurkey are children. The refugee influx from Syria and Iraq continues as tens of thousands of people continue to\ncross into Turkey.\n\n\nThe situation in Ukraine presented specific challenges to neighbouring countries. Most Ukrainian citizens\nleaving their country due to violence have chosen not to seek asylum, but have sought a different legal status,\nsuch as residence or work permits. From January to end-November 2014, over 490,000 persons had been\ndisplaced throughout Ukraine, and another 230,000 Ukrainians had applied for asylum elsewhere in Europe,\nthe majority in the Russian Federation.\n\n\nChallenges in the region include ensuring access to territory and asylum procedures, as well as the prevention of\n_refoulement,_ including by way of deportation or extradition. Limited access to protection for some nationalities\nand meagre integration opportunities lead many to attempt to seek asylum in other European countries.\nReferral mechanisms for protection responses are often not fully operational, but the existing systems constitute\na solid basis on which responses can be built at the regional level. UNHCR works towards strengthening State\nand local partner capacity to address the mixed migration movements in a more predictable, efficient and\nprotection-sensitive manner.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [To address the protection gaps in 2013, UNHCR launched the ] _**[Quality Initiative in Eastern Europe and the ]**_\n_**Southern Caucasus,**_ which seeks to ensure quality refugee status determination, access to asylum and\nenhanced screening through training in six countries.\n\n\nUNHCR and IOM have additionally launched a _**Western Balkans regional asylum and migration initiative**_ in\nJuly 2013, to assist States in the region to develop comprehensive and protection-sensitive refugee protection\nand migration management systems.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2013 witnessed a significant increase in mixed migration into the **European Union** (EU), in particular from North\nand East Africa. The record numbers of arrivals through the Mediterranean is felt across the region as many seek\nto make their way to Northern Europe. Over 165,000 people arrived irregularly by sea to Europe by the end of\nthe third quarter of 2014. [6] Two months later, the number of arrivals had risen to over 200,000. In Greece, where\nUNHCR is providing operational support to authorities dealing with initial reception, the numbers of estimated\narrivals increased by almost 300 per cent in 2014 and were outpaced only in Italy where a staggering 160,000\npersons have been disembarked by end of November 2014. Eritrean and Syrian refugees notably represent\nsome 50% of the arrivals. Most of them prefer to move onwards to claim asylum in other European States, as\nopposed to Italy where they first arrived.\n\n\n\u00ea \u00ea [2013 was also a record year of asylum claims lodged in the EU with a 30 per cent increase compared to ]\n2012. Syria became the main country of origin for people seeking asylum in the European Union. More\nthan half of the Syrians in the EU applied for asylum in Germany or Sweden.\n\n\nIncreased measures to curb irregular border crossing in Bulgaria, and a lack of legal alternatives left many with\nno option than to rely on smugglers. In January 2014, UNHCR called for the temporary suspension of all asylumseeker transfers to Bulgaria due to systemic deficiencies in reception conditions and asylum procedures until\nthe reception conditions were improved. The Government of Malta recently revised its policy of detaining all\nirregular arrivals to allow unaccompanied minors to stay in open accommodation.\n\n\nUNHCR offices are progressively engaging in promoting better coordination between national authorities and\nintroducing/ enhancing mechanisms to identify vulnerabilities. The European Commission-funded project\n_Responding to Vulnerability in Asylum_ (RVA) concluded in 2013. The project aimed to improve responses to\nvulnerable applicants in the asylum systems of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. UNHCR is\nworking with several Governments to put in place an enhanced framework for joint monitoring procedures\nat the borders, to ensure access to territory for refugees and asylum-seekers, and to build capacity to promote\nprotection-sensitive border policy.\n\n\n6 _So Close Yet So Far From Safety,_ October 2014, http://www.unhcr.org/542c07e39.html.\n\n7 _Safe and Sound: what States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe,_\nOctober 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html.\n\n\n12 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The **Asia-Pacific** region has traditionally been characterized by large-scale migratory movements including\nstateless persons, refugees and asylum-seekers \u2013 often by sea. Most of the current movement takes place\nwithin the region, but smugglers facilitate increasing flows from Africa and the Middle East. The movement of\nSyrian and Somali refugees has seen a significant increase in the region.\n\n\nOver 6,500 persons of concern to UNHCR who travelled by sea remained in immigration detention facilities in\nNovember 2014, including over 4,600 who are either in Australia or its offshore processing centers in Nauru and\nPapua New Guinea. Serious concerns have been expressed at Australia\u2019s deterrence policies and its interception\nof ten boats with more than 400 people on board.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to cooperate with States in the region to strengthen refugee protection in mixed migratory\nmovements. In 2014, UNHCR and the Government of Indonesia co-chaired two workshops. The workshop\non _Mapping Disembarkation Options: Towards Strengthening Cooperation in Managing Irregular Movements by_\n_Sea,_ organized in March under the auspices of the Bali Process Regional Support Office (RSO), was aimed at\nestablishing a consultative and collaborative process to map disembarkation options in selected countries. The\nsecond workshop on _Protection of Irregular Movements of Persons at Sea_ held in April 2014 discussed practical\nways to implement a protection-sensitive migration management system that strikes a balance between States\u2019\ncontrol of their borders and their obligations to ensure the protection of the rights of refugees moving by sea.\nIt followed up on the planned implementation of the _**Jakarta Declaration,**_ which was adopted by the _Special_\n_Conference of Irregular Movements of Persons by Sea_ in August 2013.\n\n\nUNHCR is also engaged in addressing issues of trafficking in human beings through regional and inter-agency\narrangements. UNHCR collaboration with Singapore Management University (SMU) has resulted in the\ncompilation of international, regional and national frameworks to address trafficking in seven countries of the\nregion.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The number of persons resorting to irregular movement by sea in South-East Asia has been growing, in\nparticular due to the outbreak of violence in Myanmar in 2012. In the 12 months ending June 2014, the\nnumber of people departing irregularly by sea from the Bangladesh-Myanmar border area increased by\n61% compared to the previous 12 months. Approximately 54,000 people were reported to have embarked\non irregular sea journeys passing through South-East Asia between January and November 2014. In order to\naddress the gaps in information, UNHCR has established a dedicated _Maritime Movements Monitoring Unit_\n(MMMU) in Bangkok to collate information on maritime movements in the region and to record abuses that\nasylum-seekers and migrants face on their journeys. A report on irregular maritime movements in SouthEast Asia between January and June 2014 is available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/53f74c194.html.\n\n\n**Central Asia** is one of the main transit corridors used by migrants, and to some extent refugees. Informal\ncross-border movements between Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as movement of Afghans crossing from\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran into Turkey continued through 2013 and into 2014. Due to increased extradition\nof Uzbek nationals, the number of asylum-seekers from Uzbekistan in Kazakhstan has significantly decreased\nsince 2010.\n\n\nUNHCR assists governments in the region with the implementation of the _**10-Point Plan of Action on Refugee**_\n_**Protection and Mixed Migration,**_ focusing on data collection and analysis, protection-sensitive entry systems,\nreception arrangements, mechanisms for profiling and referral, and differentiated processes and procedures.\nEfforts have been made to put asylum and refugee protection issues on the agenda as part of the wider migration\nperspective, especially through the regional cooperation frameworks. A Regional Consultative Process (RCP) on\nRefugee Protection and International Migration, the _**Almaty Process,**_ was established to address the challenges\nresulting from mixed migratory movements jointly.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [In July 2013, a Ministerial meeting of the Almaty Process formally endorsed the operating modalities of ]\nthe process and suggested that the _Regional Cooperation Framework to Address Mixed Movements in Central_\n_Asia_ could be used as a basis for developing a broader regional cooperation framework.\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [Upon request from the Government of Turkmenistan, UNHCR supported the organization of a regional ]\nconference on Migration and Statelessness in June 2014.\n\n\nThis conference aimed to identify best practices for addressing situations of statelessness and for improving\nmigration management regionally and globally.The first Senior Officials Meeting of the Almaty Process during\nthe chairmanship of the Kazakh Government was held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in November 2014.\n\n\n**Statelessness** remained an underlying cause of migration for a number of people on the move. Only a\nminority of countries have procedures in place for the identification, registration, and documentation\nof stateless persons, which often left stateless migrants at risk of being unrecognized and unable to\nbenefit from the rights that States who are party to the _1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless_\n_Persons_ are bound to provide to them. Many stateless persons in a migratory context faced acute\nchallenges in obtaining travel, civil and nationality documentation, and were therefore left particularly\nvulnerable to detention, discrimination and exploitation. Furthermore, in many cases, undocumented\nmigrants and refugees fleeing violence were confronted with the risk of being rendered stateless as the\nState of assumed nationality failed to confirm them as nationals. In November 2014, UNHCR launched\na _**Campaign to End Statelessness**_ in a decade aiming to increase the number of States who grant\nprotection status to stateless migrants and to facilitate their naturalisation.\n\n\nLimited progress was made during the update period to reduce the number of stateless persons through\nthe acquisition or confirmation of nationality. According to the available information, less than 50,000\nstateless persons in 19 countries acquired nationality during 2013, far less than in previous years.\n\n\n14 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Americas region continues to witness large-scale mixed movements originating from within and outside\nthe region by land and sea, and also experiences trafficking in human beings. In addition to the movement of\nCubans and Haitians, in Central America \u2013 in particular El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, as well as Mexico\n\n- a multiplicity of causes lead to movements both internally and across borders. Drivers include economic,\npolitical and social constraints, the potential for family reunification, the role of smugglers and, increasingly,\nviolence and insecurity caused by transnational organized criminal groups.\n\n\nAsylum claims by Central American nationals increased mainly in the United States of America (U.S.), Mexico,\nbut also in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and other neighbouring countries. Children and adolescents, as well\nas women and LGBTI [8] individuals, were particularly affected as shown by the spike of arrivals in the United\nStates and Mexico. According to statistics of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, between October 2013\nand September 2014, a total of 68,541 unaccompanied children and an additional 68,445 family units were\napprehended at the Southern border of the United States alone.\n\n\n\u00ea \u00ea [UNHCR\u2019s 2014 ] _[Children on the Run: Unaccompanied Children Leaving Central America and Mexico and the ]_\n_need for International Protection_ report indicates that 58 per cent of the children interviewed during and\nafter October 2011 were forcibly displaced because they suffered or faced harms that indicate a potential\nor actual need for international protection.\n\n\nMixed migratory movements in the Caribbean region rose significantly resulting in frequent incidents at sea,\nrescue-at-sea operations, disembarkation and return procedures, often implemented without the necessary\nsafeguards for persons with specific protection needs, especially those in need of asylum. While many incidents\ngo unreported in the absence of a comprehensive data collection system, between January and June 2014,\nUNHCR recorded that incidents had increased by 15% in comparison to the same period in 2013. By end of\nNovember, UNHCR was aware of 25 deaths in maritime incidents that had involved over 4,700 persons in 2014.\n\n\n8 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR addresses the challenges posed by mixed migration in the region through partnerships with regional\norganizations. UNHCR also participated in the two Regional Conferences on Migration (RCM-Puebla Process\nand SCM-Lima Process) with IOM to support Governments to build up and strengthen their asylum systems\nand to ensure identification and referrals of persons in need of international protection. This support includes\ncapacity building on the application of _the 10-Point Plan of Action,_ establishment of protection-sensitive entry\nsystems, child protection, as well as responses to gender-based persecution. The _**Quality Assurance Initiative**_\n(QAI), which aims to establish continued quality control and management of refugee status determination\nprocedures, was extended in 2014 to include Brazil and Argentina.\n\n\nThe greatest challenge in the region remains the implementation of effective identification and referral\nmechanisms for vulnerable migrants and refugees both at the borders and inside national territory. To this\neffect, UNHCR and IOM encouraged States to implement the regional guidelines adopted in June 2013 by the\nRCM-Puebla Process. In June 2014, the RCM adopted the _Managua Extraordinary Declaration_ creating an Ad\nHoc Group on Migrant Children, based on a UNHCR/IOM proposal, to promote immediate actions to provide\neffective protection to UASC.\n\n\n\u00e9 \u00e9 [In 2014 the Cartagena+30 process provided an opportunity for Latin American and Caribbean States to ]\nstrengthen the regional protection framework and respond to current protection challenges, also in the\ncontext of mixed migration.\n\n\nStates have adopted a new Declaration and Plan of Action for the protection of displaced and stateless persons,\nwhich sets out the regional protection strategy for the next decade.\n\n\n**PROTECTION-SENSITIVE LABOUR MIGRATION**\n\nRecent developments have been positive. In the MERCOSUR (Mercado Com\u00fan del Sur) context, refugees may\nsoon move temporarily from their country of asylum to a third country in order to pursue employment and\neducational opportunities. The scheme reflects a solidarity programme launched as part of regional cooperation\namongst MERCOSUR Member States.\n\n\n**CHILDREN ON THE RUN**\n\n\nAs crime and violence have increased in Mexico and\nCentral America, a troubling trend has emerged\namong those seeking asylum: the number of children\nmaking the treacherous journey to safety alone\nand unaccompanied, particularly from El Salvador,\nHonduras, and Guatemala, has doubled each year\nsince 2010. UNHCR\u2019s 2014 report _Children on the_\n_Run_ [9] contextualizes the state of citizen security in\nthe region and analyzes the root causes behind the\ngrowing movement based on interviews with more\nthan 400 unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\n16 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **UNHCR AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS ON** **REFUGEE PROTECTION IN MIXED MIGRATION**\n\n\n## \u201c\n\n\n\n\u0007United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Mr. Ant\u00f3nio Guterres\n\n\n\n_By creating an environment in which migrants\u2019 rights are respected, we will also be creating an environment_\n_in which UNHCR can more effectively exercise its mandate for refugee protection and solutions.\u201d_\n\n\n\n**PARTNERSHIPS IN THE GLOBAL ARENA** - UNHCR engages in a myriad of global and regional multilateral partnerships\nrelated to migration. The relevance of this engagement and its advantages for refugee protection are clear, as\nthe interconnections have exponentially increased with mobility becoming more widespread and complex. It\nis essential that UNHCR remains part of these discussions to situate and safeguard refugee protection within\nbroader migration strategies and frameworks to respond to forced displacement. Such global settings notably\ninclude the 2013 UN High Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development (HLD), the Global\nMigration Group (GMG) and the Global Forum for Migration and Development (GFMD), as well as regional\nconsultative processes.\n\n\nAs an outcome of the 2013 HLD, UNHCR has been involved in a State-led initiative to develop a framework on\nMigrants in Countries in Crisis. This initiative addresses operational field responses to emergency situations involving third country nationals and stranded migrants.\n\n\nUNHCR also continues to collaborate bilaterally and through regional and national initiatives with States, UN\nagencies, IOM, NGOs and local communities.\n\n\n**DETENTION** - Some governments have increasingly\nchosen to detain those arriving in an irregular\nmanner as one way to deter potential future\nirregular migration. UNHCR has identified the\ndetention of asylum-seekers, including children,\nas one of its corporate priorities. The five-year\n_**Global Strategy Beyond Detention 2014-2019**_ [10]\nwas launched in July 2014 to address the range\nof practices not in conformity with international\nhuman rights standards. Guidance issued by UNHCR\nincludes _Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and_\n_Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers_\n_and Alternatives to Detention,_ [11] revised in 2012,\nand a _Monitoring Immigration Detention: Practical_\n_Manual,_ [12] developed jointly with the Association for\nthe Prevention of Torture (APT) and the International\nDetention Coalition (IDC) and issued in 2014. Both\nguides draw on international human rights law\nstandards and apply them in the context of asylumseekers, refugees and stateless persons.\n\n\n10 _Beyond Detention: A Global Strategy to support governments to end the detention of asylum-seeker and refugees 2014-2018,_\n\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html.\n\n11 _Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention,_ 2012,\n\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/503489533b8.html.\n\n12 _Monitoring Immigration Detention: Practical Manual,_ 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/53706e354.html.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR continued to strengthen its partnership to reduce detention. In 2013, UNHCR and IDC signed an MoU\nto join efforts towards working on alternatives to detention through advocacy and campaigns to improve\ndetention standards, technical cooperation and capacity building, research and monitoring, and information\nsharing. UNHCR also continues to support the work of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD).\n\n\n_We came looking for peace and stability, but instead we are in prison. This is not protection.\u201d_\n\n\u0007Graffiti on the wall at Lyster Barracks Detention Centre, Malta\n## \u201c\n\n\n\n_We came looking for peace and stability, but instead we are in prison. This is not protection.\u201d_\n\n\n\n\u0007Graffiti on the wall at Lyster Barracks Detention Centre, Malta\n\n\n\nEFFORTS TO ADDRESS A NUMBER OF CHALLENGES CONTINUE, SPECIFICALLY WITH REGARD TO:\n\n\u00ec \u0007Accessing and monitoring places of immigration detention to ensure that minimum international standards\nare met\n\n\u00ec Ensuring that detained persons in need of international protection have access to information on their\nrights to seek asylum and can access fair and efficient asylum and other protection procedures\n\n\u00ec Improving information and statistics on global detention policies and practices\n\n\u00ec Ending child detention for immigration related reasons\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019S ROLE IN MIGRATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE** **[14]**\n\n\nOf some 51.2 million persons of concern to UNHCR,\nthe vast majority are concentrated in \u2018climate change\nhotspots\u2019 around the world.\n\n\nTogether with the Norwegian Refugee Council and\nIDMC, UNHCR is implementing a project on climate\nchange and displacement which aims to build an\nevidence base and equip States with tools and\nguidance for action. Through this project UNHCR\nis supporting the State-led Nansen Initiative on\nDisasters and Cross-border Displacement that\nconducted a series of Regional Consultations in the\nPacific, Central America, the Greater Horn of Africa\nand South-East Asia to develop a \u2018protection agenda\u2019\naddressing the needs of people displaced across\ninternational borders in the context of disasters\nand the effects of climate change. In March 2014,\nUNHCR co-organized with the Brookings Institution\nand Georgetown University an expert consultation\nthat brought together 43 experts in a range of disciplines from 21 countries to develop guidance together with\ngovernments and international actors on planning for relocations of populations exposed to foreseeable hazards.\n\n\nUNHCR is also working alongside IOM, UN agencies, academics and non-governmental organisations in an\nAdvisory Group on Climate Change and Human Mobility with the aim of leveraging evidence and enhancing\nknowledge and understanding of human mobility prompted by climate change in several major interrelated\npolicy processes such as the Climate Change Negotiations (UNFCCC process), the Post-2015 development agenda\nand the disaster risk reduction conference.\n\n\n13 _Global Initiative on Protection at Sea,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/53abd14d4.html.\n\n14 _UNHCR, the Environment and Climate Change,_ http://www.unhcr.org/540854f49.html.\n\n\n18 **UNHCR Update 2014**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## \u201c\n\n\n\n\u0007Asylum-seeker who crossed the Mediterranean Sea\n\n\n\n_\u0007In the sea people do not only die from drowning._\n_They die of heat, of thirst and from fear.\u201d_\n\n\n\n**GLOBAL INITIATIVE ON PROTECTION AT SEA**\n\n\nLoss of life at sea continues to grow with tragedies in the Mediterranean,\nGulf of Aden, Caribbean and the Asia-Pacific. This is an ongoing challenge\nas more and more refugees take to the sea, often in unseaworthy boats,\nrisking their lives in desperate attempts to access asylum. This global\nphenomenon highlights gaps in search, rescue, disembarkation and\nresponsibility sharing, which are often challenged due to lack of political\nwill of affected States. UNHCR\u2019s _**Global Initiative on Protection at Sea**_ [13] was launched in 2014 and aims to\nsupport action by States and regions to prevent loss of life at sea while ensuring that asylum-seekers and refugees\ncan find protection. _**The High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on Protection at Sea**_, to be held on 10-11 December\n2014, seeks to develop a broad consensus on rescue-at-sea issues, safe and predictable disembarkation and\nresponsibility sharing, as well as the need for comprehensive approaches to protection at sea.\n\n\n**UNHCR FIELD CONSULTATIONS ON REFUGEE PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Asylum and Migration Unit in the Division of International Protection organized _**Field Consultations**_\n_**on Refugee Protection and International Migration**_ in Geneva in November 2013. The Consultations were\nconsidered essential to bring together experienced field staff working on the issue to brainstorm on challenges\narising from the intersection between international migration and protection of refugees. The principal aim\nwas to cross-fertilize ideas by drawing upon the experiences of field offices and Bureaux, in order to identify\ninstitutional approaches to refugee protection in international migration contexts.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON 10-POINT PLAN**\n\n_**10-Point Plan of Action on Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration**_ [15] was developed by UNHCR in 2006\nto harmonize the approaches for the management of refugee protection amidst migratory movements.\nA compilation of 200 examples of positive experiences was published in 2011 in the _**10-Point Plan in Action**_ [16] to\npermit further cross-fertilization of ideas in view of better assisting governments and stakeholders to facilitate\nthe incorporation of refugee protection considerations into migration policies. The examples have benefitted\nthe development and implementation of comprehensive and protection-sensitive responses to address mixed\nmigration. UNHCR continues to cross-fertilize experiences from the implementation of the 10-Point Plan.\n\n\n**UNHCR GUIDELINES ON TEMPORARY PROTECTION OR STAY ARRANGEMENTS**\n\n\nThe UNHCR _**Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements**_ [17] (TPSA) were issued in 2014\nand are intended to be a useful tool for States at times of crises, to fill gaps in the protection regime\nand national response systems. The Guidelines build on international consultations and draw from\nlessons learned from existing regional protection instruments and arrangements. They are directly\nrelevant to mixed migration scenarios calling for immediate assistance and responses to protection\nneeds. The TPSAs are especially appropriate for regions where there are few States parties to the 1951\nRefugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and/or the 1967 Protocol, regional refugee or\nother protection instruments, or where these instruments are difficult to, or do not apply because of the\ncharacter of the movements.\n\n\n15 _The 10-Point Plan of Action,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/45b0c09b2.html.\n\n16 _Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9430ea2.html.\n\n17 _Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements,_ http://www.refworld.org/docid/52fba2404.html.\n\n\n**Refugee Protection and International Migration** 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR thanks The Kovler Fund for\nits support of this publication.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/345bc1f8-916f-3616-bf03-47196b7a8a1e/RefugeeProtectionandInternationalMigration-Update2013-2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_605/raw/doc_605_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_605/raw/doc_605_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ea9a11b3d4dc148dc79fab1280246a8db68ef5fd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_605/raw/doc_605_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,708 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **STANDARDIZED EXPANDED NUTRITION SURVEY (SENS)** **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **ROHINGYA REFUGEE CAMPS, COX\u2019S BAZAR, BANGLADESH,** **OCTOBER \u2013 NOVEMBER 2021**\n\n**This assessment was supported by:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "STANDARDIZED EXPANDED NUTRITION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9836313724517822, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.7718914151191711, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9979007244110107, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8778976798057556, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ROHINGYA REFUGEE CAMPS", - "confidence": 0.8192113637924194, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Key Highlights**\n\n\n - Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) rates among children remain in the **second-highest category**\n**(\u2018\u2019High\u201d)** with an upper confidence level of >15%, representing \u201cEmergency thresholds\u201d.\n\n - Chronic malnutrition among children was found to be **above the** **Very High/Critical**\n**WHO/UNICEF threshold** **of \u226530%.**\n\n - Anaemia in children 6-59 months and non-pregnant women remains **a public health concern**\n**(>40%).**\n\n - Low wasting prevalence (<2.0%) was found among women of reproductive age and pregnant and\nlactating women with a significant reduction since 2017 (as per Middle Upper Arm Circumference\n(MUAC) criteria).\n\n - Younger children (6-23 months) were more malnourished, and anaemic compared to older\nchildren (24-59 months), but the stunting rate was high among the latter group.\n\n - The status of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) varied with both optimal and sub-optimal levels\nacross all camps.\n\n - Crude and under-five mortality rates are well below emergency levels.\n\n - Measles, Vitamin A, and deworming rates were within camp targets of >90% and >95% except in\nKutupalong Mega Camp.\n\n - Ownership and utilization of mosquito nets was high (>90%), but ownership and use of treated\nnets were below the expected targets of >80%.\n\n - Food assistance, complemented by cooking fuel, was found to be universal at 100% except in the\nKutupalong Registered Camp. However, selling of food assistance to cover other essential needs\nremains a challenge, although the rate of re-selling has continued to decrease each year.\n\n - Water quality and quantity are optimal, but sanitation continues to be an issue with unsafe\ndisposal of child stools and wider environmental factors, especially drainage in the camps.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Key Recommendations**\n\n- Strengthen community outreach activities using an integrated approach and return to active screening\nand referrals in the community through volunteers.\n\n- Advocate to return to WHO nutrition programme protocols to allow admission of malnourished\nchildren identified by mixed criteria.\n\n- Strengthen BSFP and ANC linkages among pregnant women and intensify health education on the\nimportance of iron and folic acid supplementation and its adherence, both at the community level and\nduring ANC visits.\n\n- Develop a multi-sectoral Social Behaviour Change and Communication (SBCC) strategy across\nnutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions to address the underlying causes of malnutrition.\n\n- Develop an anaemia strategy to address high anaemia and resulting micronutrient deficiencies.\n\n- Enhance prevention programming and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices to address high\nlevels of stunting.\n\n- Ensure availability and accessibility of WHO-recommended LLIN treated mosquito nets across all\ncamps\n\n- Investigate the type of anaemia prevalent among refugees and risk factors to develop appropriate\ninterventions.\n\n- Explore the feasibility of introducing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in health and nutrition\nfacilities to enhance maternal and childcare services in the camps.\n\n- Explore food fortification options to ensure adequate access and bioavailability of micronutrients and\nto avert any food diversity-related deficiencies.\n\n- Improve sanitation infrastructure in the camps to address stagnant water and general drainage.\n\n- Strengthen livelihood options in the camp to reduce the sale of food assistance to cover basic needs.\n\n- Improve water systems to ensure adequate water access by all the households within SPHERE\nstandards.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Background and objectives**\n\nIn 2017, extreme violence in Rakhine State, Myanmar forced an estimated 800,000 Rohingya refugees to\n\nflee across the border into Cox\u2019s Bazar district in Bangladesh. Since then, the people and Government of\n\nBangladesh have supported them along with the national and international humanitarian community. In\n\nOctober 2021, an estimated 888,000 Rohingya refugees lived in the Cox\u2019s Bazar refugee settlements in\n\ntwo registered and 32 makeshift camps.\n\n\nThe Nutrition Sector in Cox\u2019s Bazar is coordinating the implementation of nutrition programmes in the\n\nRohingya response in collaboration with UN agencies UNHCR, UNICEF and WFP, implemented by three\n\ninternational NGOs Action Against Hunger, Concern Worldwide, and World Concern/Medair and two\n\nnational non-governmental organisations (SHED and SARPV). The Nutrition Sector implements prevention\n\nand treatment of acute malnutrition programmes, including infant and young child feeding programmes\n\nand blanket supplementary feeding programmes, in 46 Integrated Nutrition Facilities commonly referred\n\nas INF.\n\n\nThe services include: management of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in children aged 6-59\n\nmonths and pregnant and lactating women (PLW); Outpatient Therapeutic Programme (OTP) for Children\n\n6-59 months suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM); Targeted Supplementary Feeding\n\nProgrammes (TSFP) for Children 6-59 months and PLWs suffering from Moderate Acute Malnutrition\n\n(MAM) and three inpatient care centres for SAM with medical complications; and Blanket Supplementary\n\nFeeding Programmes (BSFP) for all other children 6-59 months and PLW who are not covered under the\n\nOTP, TSFP and BSFP programmes to prevent both acute and chronic malnutrition.\n\n\nIn October-November 2021, with funding and technical support from UNHCR and WFP, the Action Against\n\nHunger Bangladesh Surveillance Team conducted the standard expanded nutrition surveys (SENS) in the\n\nRohingya refugee camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh as a multi-sectoral exercise carried out on behalf of\n\nthe Nutrition Sector. The assessment was authorized by the Government of Bangladesh Ministry of Health\n\nand Family Welfare through National Nutrition Services (NNS), the Institute of Public Health Nutrition\n\n(IPHN), the Cox\u2019s Bazar District Civil Surgeon\u2019s, and the Office of the Refugee Relief and Repatriation\n\nCommissioner (RRRC) and supported by the Assessment and Information Management Technical Working\n\nGroup comprised of UN agencies (mainly UNHCR, WFP, and UNICEF) and implementing partners [1] working\n\nin the camps.\n\n\nThe assessment\u2019s main objective was to assess the health and nutrition status of the Rohingya children\n\nand women living in camps in the Ukhiya and Teknaf Upazilas. It consisted of three population\nrepresentative, cross-sectional surveys using Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS)\n\nmethodology. The first nutrition survey was conducted in the Kutupalong Mega Camp comprising of 32\n\n\n1 Working group members include Action against Hunger (ACF), Concern Worldwide (CWW), World Concern/Medair (WCM), Society for Health\nExtension and Development (SHED), Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), Care Bangladesh, and Save the\nChildren International (SCI).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "standard expanded nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.9849615097045898, - "start": 317, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "multi-sectoral exercise", - "confidence": 0.6028677225112915, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.8851482272148132, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Action Against\n\nHunger Bangladesh Surveillance Team", - "confidence": 0.8173291683197021, - "start": 309, - "end": 315 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7463828921318054, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.5993703603744507, - "start": 326, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.8110368251800537, - "start": 481, - "end": 485 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.887458086013794, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9100683927536011, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kutupalong Mega Camp", - "confidence": 0.8116657733917236, - "start": 498, - "end": 501 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya children\n\nand women", - "confidence": 0.9710004925727844, - "start": 457, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "newly established camps after the 2017 influx (formerly referred to as Makeshift in the previous SMART\n\nnutrition surveys) with an estimated population of 855,444 people. The second survey was carried out in\n\nthe Kutupalong Registered Refugee camp (estimated population 22,918), and the third survey in Nayapara\n\nRegistered Refugee camp (estimated population 17,153). The data collected included household\n\ndemography, anthropometry, anaemia, morbidity, mortality, infant and young child feeding practices,\n\nfood security, mosquito net coverage, and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). The assessment\n\nprovides the evolving nutrition situation among the Rohingya refugees through comparison with the first\n\nEmergency Nutrition Assessment Round 1 that was conducted in October-November 2017. It will also\n\ninform timely and effective nutrition interventions as part of the ongoing humanitarian response.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SMART\n\nnutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.9712316989898682, - "start": 16, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7332352995872498, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7682896256446838, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5810530185699463, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8442894816398621, - "start": 114, - "end": 116 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Emergency Nutrition Assessment Round 1", - "confidence": 0.6574896574020386, - "start": 121, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5496312975883484, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nayapara\n\nRegistered Refugee camp", - "confidence": 0.5331594944000244, - "start": 55, - "end": 59 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9221947193145752, - "start": 114, - "end": 116 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Key findings**\n\n**I.** **MALNUTRITION SITUATION**\nThe Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) rate remains within the second-highest tier (High category) with 1015%. The GAM rate has dropped significantly since 2017 but remains at the same level as in 2018 when\nthe previous survey was conducted.\n\n\nChildren between 6-23 months were more undernourished compared to the older age group (24-59\nmonths). These findings are similar to ACF (Action Against Hunger)\u2019s Nutrition Causal Analysis (December\n2019), which indicated that children below two years of age were more vulnerable to acute malnutrition,\nand vulnerability was inversely related to the age of their mothers. The findings highlight the importance\nof \u201cthe first 1,000 days\u201d, from conception until the child reaches two years of age, a critical window in which\nthe health and well-being of a pregnant and lactating woman directly impact the growth and health of her\nchild.\n\n\n**Table 1: Prevalence of acute malnutrition, Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya camps, Bangladesh**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicators|Prevalence|Kutuplaong Mega
camp|Nayapara
Registered Camp
(RC)|Kutupalong
Registered Camp
(RC)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by
Weight
for
Height
Z-score
(WHZ)|GAM
|**13.7 %**
(10.5 - 17.7)|**12.5%**
(9.0 - 17.1)|**12.2%**
(8.8 - 16.7)|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by
Weight
for
Height
Z-score
(WHZ)|MAM|**12.4 %**
(9.4 - 16.2)|**10.9 %**
(7.7 - 15.4)|**10.0 %**
(7.0 - 14.2)|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by
Weight
for
Height
Z-score
(WHZ)|SAM|1.3 %
(0.5 - 3.1)|1.6 %
(0.6 - 3.9)|2.2 %
(1.0 - 4.8)|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|GAM|**1.7 %**
(0.9 - 3.2)|**3.9 %**
(2.1 - 7.0) (10)|**4.4 %**
(2.6 - 7.6)|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|MAM|**1.7 %**
(0.9 - 3.2)|**3.1 %**
(1.6 - 6.0)|**3.3 %**
(1.8 - 6.2)|\n|Acute Malnutriton
by Mid Upper Arm
Circumference
(MUAC)|SAM|**0.0 %**
(0.0 - 0.0)|**0.8 %**
(0.2 - 2.8)|**1.1 %**
(0.4 - 3.2)|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by
combined
criteria
(WHZ and/or MUAC
and /or oedema)
|Combined
GAM
|14.1 %
(10.8 - 18.2)|13.7 %
(10.0 - 18.4)|13.7 %
(10.1 -18.3)|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by
combined
criteria
(WHZ and/or MUAC
and /or oedema)
|Combined
MAM2|12.8%|11.3 %|10.7%|\n|Acute Malnutrition
by
combined
criteria
(WHZ and/or MUAC
and /or oedema)
|Combined
SAM|1.3 %
(0.5 - 3.1)|2.3 %
(1.1 - 5.0)|3.0 %
(1.5 - 5.7 )|\n\n\n\n*No oedema cases were found in the survey\n\n** Weighted prevalence across all camps will be included in the final report\n\n\nAcute malnutrition by weight for height (WFH) and MUAC are poorly correlated in Bangladesh, including\nrefugee camp areas. This suggests that nutrition stakeholders can use any of the three indicators for\n\n\n2 Based on manual calculation since Emergency nutrition Assessment (ENA) software only provides point prevalence including\nconfidence internal for combined GAM and combined SAM.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Acute Malnutrition", - "confidence": 0.5966512560844421, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.602767825126648, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7000337243080139, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.98405522108078, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Causal Analysis", - "confidence": 0.825881838798523, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ACF", - "confidence": 0.7251235842704773, - "start": 87, - "end": 88 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7288341522216797, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Prevalence of acute malnutrition", - "confidence": 0.9343703389167786, - "start": 187, - "end": 191 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya camps, Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.657489538192749, - "start": 192, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "pregnant and lactating woman", - "confidence": 0.6209666728973389, - "start": 168, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Acute Malnutriton", - "confidence": 0.518095850944519, - "start": 360, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Acute Malnutrition", - "confidence": 0.7228752374649048, - "start": 799, - "end": 801 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6178872585296631, - "start": 1052, - "end": 1053 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8019319772720337, - "start": 1052, - "end": 1053 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.7342062592506409, - "start": 1082, - "end": 1083 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "decision-making or combined prevalence estimates by weight-for-length/height z-score (WHZ) and/or\n[MUAC and/or oedema \u2013 as appropriate for their context (Md. Lalan Miah 2020).](https://www.ennonline.net/fex/63/whzmuacbangladesh)\n\n\n**Figure 1: Prevalence of Global, Moderate and Severe Acute Malnutrition (6-59 m)**\n\n\n\n30.0\n\n\n25.0\n\n\n20.0\n\n\n15.0\n\n\n10.0\n\n\n5.0\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\n**based on WHZ by camp**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|2017 - 2021, Cox's Bazar refugee camps, Bangla|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|desh.|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||||||24.3|24.3|24.3|24.3|\n|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|19.3
|16.8
|16.8
|16.8
|16.8
|16.8
|16.8
|16.8
|\n|16.3|12.0 11.0|10.9 11.3|13.7 14.|13.7 14.|13.6|12.1|13.3
14.|13.3
14.|12.5|12.5|12.5|12.1|11.9|1|\n|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|9.9
9.9
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.3
12.2
11.2
13.3
14.1
10.9
10.8
11.3
10.0
|\n|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|3.0
2.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.0
0.7
1.6
7.5
1.3
0.6
2.2
|\n|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Oct-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|\n\n\nSevere Acute Malnutrition (MAM) Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) GAM Serious GAM Critical\n\n\nHowever, considering aggravating factors, including COVID-19\u2019s effects on food security, nutrition, market\ndynamics and other morbidities, the prevalence could easily tip over to the highest category of \u201c **very**\n**high** / **critical\u201d** (above 15% acute malnutrition), especially in the monsoon season. Therefore, the need for\nconcerted efforts, close monitoring and strengthening of the nutrition interventions as well as multisectoral efforts to address malnutrition cannot be overstated.\n\n\nChronic malnutrition (stunting) remains very high (above the >30 critical/very serious category) according\nto the WHO/UNICEF classification with fluctuating trends observed between 2017 and 2021. Older children\nare more stunted than the younger age group of 6-23 months. These findings align with the general\nobservation in nutrition surveys that acute malnutrition decreases with age while stunting increases with\nage (ISCG, May 2021). More efforts are needed to bring chronic malnutrition rate to acceptable levels.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 2: Prevalence of Stunting (6-59 m) by camp, 2017-2021, Cox's Bazaar,**\n\n\n\nThe\n\n\n\n50.0\n45.0\n40.0\n35.0\n30.0\n25.0\n20.0\n15.0\n10.0\n5.0\n0.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Bangladesh.|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|Col18|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||44.4
|44.4
|44.4
|44.4
|44.4
|44.4
|44.4
|||||\n|44.1|44.1|44.1|44.1|44.1|44.1|44.1||40.||
29\u202630.2|
29\u202630.2|
29\u202630.2|
29\u202630.2|43.4|43.4|34.7|34.7|\n||37.7
|37.7
|37.7
||||||38.|3 39.0
|3 39.0
|3 39.0
|3 39.0
|3 39.0
|35.|4||\n||||32.|6 34.|||||||||||||3|\n|32.0|32.0|26.9|26.9|26.9|31.9

30.2|31.9

30.2|31.9

30.2|31.9

30.2|31.9

30.2|31.9

30.2||28.8|28.8|28.8|28.8|28.8|28.8|\n|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|29.7
27.2
32.7 30.3 33.8
27.0 27.7
|\n|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|21.0 26.8 23.6

24.1 25.9
29.2|\n|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|\n|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|12.0

12.5


14.6
|\n|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|7.9
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.5

7.6
8.1
5.2
5.0
4.3
8.4
6.9
3.7|\n|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
May-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Nov-20
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|\n\n\nSevere stunting Moderate Stunting Stunting Serious Stunting Critical\n\n\nAnaemia rates were found to be **High (>40%)** across the three areas with an increasing trend observed\n\nover the period which is very alarming. Severe anaemia was found to be low, while moderate anaemia\n\nwas above 20% across all the camps.\n\n\nA significantly higher rate of anaemia (>60.0%) was observed among young children (6-23 months) and\n\nthe highest prevalence was recorded in Kutupalong Mega camp at 72.8%. The anaemia rate among non\npregnant women of reproductive age was also found to be \u201cHigh\u201d across all camps (e.g., Kutupalong mega\n\ncamp: 40.3%, Nayapara RC: 39.3%, Kutupalong RC: 41.6%).\n\n\n**Figure 3: Anaemia Categories in Children 6-59 months by camp**\n\n**2017 - 2021, Cox's Bazar refugee camps, Bangladesh**\n\n\nSevere Anaemia Moderate Anaemia Mild Anaemia\nHigh Moderate/Low\n\n\n60.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n50.0\n\n\n40.0\n\n\n30.0\n\n\n20.0\n\n\n10.0\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|47.9

50.5
46.6
|47.9

50.5
46.6
|47.3
47.9
41.6
|47.3
47.9
41.6
|44.6|\n|30.8

31.7
31.1
31.3
30.6

32.3
39.8
37.4

38.1
39.4
|30.8

31.7
31.1
31.3
30.6

32.3
39.8
37.4

38.1
39.4
|30.8

31.7
31.1
31.3
30.6

32.3
39.8
37.4

38.1
39.4
|30.8

31.7
31.1
31.3
30.6

32.3
39.8
37.4

38.1
39.4
|30.8

31.7
31.1
31.3
30.6

32.3
39.8
37.4

38.1
39.4
|\n|19.6
21.5
24.5


19.5
26.7

27.4
28.6
29.4|19.6
21.5
24.5


19.5
26.7

27.4
28.6
29.4|19.6
21.5
24.5


19.5
26.7

27.4
28.6
29.4|19.6
21.5
24.5


19.5
26.7

27.4
28.6
29.4|19.6
21.5
24.5


19.5
26.7

27.4
28.6
29.4|\n|18.0

18.6|18.0

18.6|18.0

18.6|18.0

18.6|18.0

18.6|\n|16.9
12.5
18.1
12.7
18.8
15.5
10.4

12.4
16.0
17.4
14.2
15.6|16.9
12.5
18.1
12.7
18.8
15.5
10.4

12.4
16.0
17.4
14.2
15.6|16.9
12.5
18.1
12.7
18.8
15.5
10.4

12.4
16.0
17.4
14.2
15.6|16.9
12.5
18.1
12.7
18.8
15.5
10.4

12.4
16.0
17.4
14.2
15.6|16.9
12.5
18.1
12.7
18.8
15.5
10.4

12.4
16.0
17.4
14.2
15.6|\n|~~0.2~~
~~0.2~~
~~0.0~~
Oct-17 May-18 Oct-18
Oct-19 Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|~~0.0~~
~~0.6~~
~~0.3~~
~~0.0~~
Nov-17 May-18 Oct-18
Oct-19 Nov-21
Nayapara RC|~~0.0~~
~~0.6~~
~~0.3~~
~~0.0~~
Nov-17 May-18 Oct-18
Oct-19 Nov-21
Nayapara RC|~~0.0~~
~~0.0~~
~~0.4~~
Nov-17 Oct-19 Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|~~0.0~~
~~0.0~~
~~0.4~~
Nov-17 Oct-19 Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "By contrast, acute malnutrition prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) based on MUAC is\n\nlow. A significant reduction occurred between 2017 and 2021, falling from 8.7% to 1.8% in Kutupalong\n\nMega Camps, from 3.5% to 1.1% in Nayapara RC, and from 7.3% to 0.5% in Kutupalong RC. The reduction\n\nhas been sustained in the past four years for women, but not among children. This suggests that the\n\ncauses and drivers of malnutrition in women may be different from that of children although they live in\n\n[the same environment. This discrepancy could be investigated using the detailed trend analysis.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNTIzNzFkYWItZWViOS00ZjJkLWJlNGUtYTdlYzdiOGI0NTJlIiwidCI6Ijk4N2ZiZjNlLWYxNjMtNDYxYi04MGJkLTQzY2EzZjNiOGMzYiIsImMiOjl9&embedImagePlaceholder=true)\n\n\n**II.** **HEALTH SITUATION**\n\nThe health situation is stable as confirmed by **crude and under-five mortality rates** which are well below\n\nthe emergency levels of above 1 and 2 deaths per 10,000 population per day for crude and under-five\n\nmortality rates respectively.\n\n\n**Table 2: Crude and under 5 death rate, Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya camps, Bangladesh**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Indicator|Kutupalong Mega
Camp|Nayapara RC|Kutupalong RC|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Crude death rate**
|**0.22**
(0.10-0.50)|**0.18**
(0.08-0.42)
|**0.18**
(0.08-0.40)
|\n|**Under**
**5 **
**death**
**rate**
|**0.19**
(0.03-1.36)|**0.62**
(0.17-2.21)|**0.80**
(0.27-2.31)|\n\n\n\n**Incidence of diarrhoea** episodes among children 6-59 months based on two-week recall periods before\nthe survey was relatively low at 10% in Kutupalong Mega Camps and 9.4% in Kutupalong RC, and slightly\nhigher in Nayapara RC at 14.7%, perhaps due to poor sanitation, especially stagnant water caused by poor\ndrainage systems observed in the camps. Diarrhoea incidence was more prevalent among **younger**\n**children.**\n\n\n**Figure 4: Trends of diarrhoea incidence among children 6-59 months**\n\n**2017 -2021 Cox's Bazar refugee camps, Bangladesh**\n\n\n\n45.0%\n\n\n40.0%\n\n\n35.0%\n\n\n30.0%\n\n\n25.0%\n\n\n20.0%\n\n\n15.0%\n\n\n10.0%\n\n\n5.0%\n\n\n0.0%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|41.3%|Col2|40.4%|\n|---|---|---|\n||34.3%||\n|28.4%
28.1%|28.5%||\n||23.9%
25.2%
||\n|20.9%||19.9%|\n|14.9%|12.7%
14.7%||\n|10.0%||7.8%
9.4%|\n||||\n||||\n\n\n\nKutupalong Mega camp Nayapara RC Kutupalong RC\n\n\nOct-17 May-18 Nov-18 Oct-19 Nov-20 Nov-21\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MUAC", - "confidence": 0.9021475315093994, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kutupalong\n\nMega Camps", - "confidence": 0.8492162227630615, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9190220236778259, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women of reproductive age", - "confidence": 0.7868258357048035, - "start": 7, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "detailed trend analysis", - "confidence": 0.5307797789573669, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "crude and under-five mortality rates", - "confidence": 0.951263427734375, - "start": 156, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Rohingya camps, Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.6068181395530701, - "start": 203, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Incidence of diarrhoea", - "confidence": 0.6497914791107178, - "start": 408, - "end": 411 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5508421659469604, - "start": 425, - "end": 426 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kutupalong Mega Camps", - "confidence": 0.9507104754447937, - "start": 433, - "end": 436 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.9334123134613037, - "start": 415, - "end": 418 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Measles vaccination coverage** among children 9-59 months confirmed by card and caregivers\u2019 recall was\n\nabove the 95% expected coverage required to confer immunity to the whole population in Nayapara and\n\nKutupalong RCs at 98.8% and 95.8% respectively and slightly below the threshold at 89.6% in Kutupalong\n\nMega Camp. Trend analysis showed measles coverage was below 95% across all camps in 2017 and 2019\n\nassessments, so the 2021 rate is an improvement.\n\n\n**Vitamin A supplementation** within the last six months (verified by card and recall by the mother in\n\nchildren aged 6-59 months) was above the 90% UNHCR target in all camps: Kutupalong Mega camps\n\nreached 93.4%; Nayapara RC 90.3% and Kutupalong RC 93.1%. As with measles, trend analysis indicated\n\na general improvement from the low rates observed in 2019.\n\n\n**Deworming coverage among children 24-59 months was found to be high overall,** reaching 88.4% in\n\nKutupalong Mega Camp, above 90% in Nayapara (90.3%), and Kutupalong RCs (93.7%)\n\n\n**Antenatal care (ANC) coverage** and **folic acid supplementation (IFA)** were found to be relatively high\n\nacross all three camp areas. Trend analysis indicated a significant improvement in Kutupalong Mega Camp\n\nfrom 2018 to 2021.\n\n\n**Figure 5: ANC coverage and IFA supplementation among pregnant women by**\n\n**camp**\n\n100.0\n\n\n\n90.0\n\n\n80.0\n\n\n70.0\n\n\n60.0\n\n\n50.0\n\n\n40.0\n\n\n30.0\n\n\n20.0\n\n\n10.0\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|80|Col7|.0|78|Col10|Col11|.4|Col13|Col14|Col15|89|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|75|75|75|75|75|.0|.0|7|70
.9|.9|||||||\n||||||||||69|.1|73|.0
75|.0
75|.0
75|.0
75|\n|53|.9
|.9
||62|62|62|62|62|62|62|62|62|62|62|62|\n|47|47|44
.1|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|.2
|\n||||44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|44|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrently enrolled in ANC programme Currently receiving iron-folic acid pills\n\n\n**Blanket supplementary feeding** **programme** (BSFP) coverage for children 6-59 months was above 80%\n\nin all camps: 82.7% in Kutupalong Mega Camps; 84.1% in Nayapara RC; and 85.9% in Kutupalong RC. BSFP\n\ncoverage for PLW was low in Kutupalong Mega Camp (71.6%) compared to Nayapara (88.6%) and\n\nKutupalong RCs (91.5%). However, at the time of writing this report, there was an ongoing coverage survey\n\nbeing done, which will provide a better estimate of all programmes including OTP, TSFP, and BSFP across\n\nall camps. BSFP coverage results mirror those of ANC coverage across three areas, indicating that\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Measles vaccination coverage", - "confidence": 0.8764816522598267, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.786731481552124, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children 9-59 months", - "confidence": 0.6088427901268005, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "coverage survey", - "confidence": 0.9213288426399231, - "start": 772, - "end": 774 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "estimate of all programmes", - "confidence": 0.5137071013450623, - "start": 782, - "end": 786 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8216578364372253, - "start": 773, - "end": 774 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "improvement to above 90% across all indicators is possible by strengthening linkages in nutrition\n\nprogramming for children and PLW.\n\n\n**Mosquito net coverage** was found to be high \u2013 above 90% for both ownership and utilization \u2013 in the\n\ncamps, but the ownership and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) was below the expected\n\ntargets. WHO recommends using LLIN for their superior retention of chemicals that repel mosquitoes and\n\nother insects compared to the normal mosquito nets widely available in local markets. The proportion of\n\nhouseholds owning at least one LLIN was 58.7% in Kutupalong Mega Camp, 42.4% in Nayapara RC and\n\n21.3% in Kutupalong RC against the UNHCR target of >80%.\n\n\nThe average number of per persons per LLIN is far below the recommended standard of 2 persons per\n\nLLIN, with 5.8 persons per LLIN in Kutupalong Mega Camps, 7.8 persons per LLIN in Nayapara RC and 17.2\n\npersons per LLIN in Kutupalong RC. This indicates that most people in a household are not able to sleep\n\nunder treated mosquito nets, with the highest prevalent in Kutupalong RC.\n\n\nThe utilization of LLIN among vulnerable groups is also low, especially for children (e.g., Kutupalong Mega\n\nCamps 41.7%, Nayapara RC 34.7%, and Kutupalong RC 14.6%) and PLW (e.g., Kutupalong Mega Camps\n\n43.8%, Nayapara RC 19.1%, and Kutupalong RC 10.0%).\n\n\n**III.** **INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES (IYCF)**\n\n\nDespite methodological limitations, some key IYCF indicators were assessed to get an overall snapshot of\n\nIYCF practices among the Rohingya community. However, interpretation of some indicators should be\n\nmade with caution due to the low sample size. The SENS revealed a mixed bag of optimal and sub-optimal\n\nresults against specific UNHCR targets.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "100.0\n\n\n90.0\n\n\n80.0\n\n\n70.0\n\n\n60.0\n\n\n50.0\n\n\n40.0\n\n\n30.0\n\n\n20.0\n\n\n10.0\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\nFigure 6: Trends of key IYCF Indicators by camp 2017-2021\n\nCox's Bazar refugee camps, Bangladesh\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|Col18|Col19|Col20|92.9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|82|8
.1
|.2
79|.1|\n|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|69.8
65.2
72|7
.2
|.0
73|74
.5
|.4
69|69.6
.4|69.6
.4|69.6
.4|69.6
.4||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||\n|56|56|55
.1
|.5
50|.0
|.0
|56|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|48.5
.8|\n|42|.9|.9|.9||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||||||||\n|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|7.5
7.1|\n|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|3.7
|\n|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Kutupalong Mega Camps|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
May-18
Nov-21
Nayapara RC|Nov-17
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|Nov-17
Nov-21
Kutupalong RC|\n\n\nTimely Initiation of Breastfeeding Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months\n\n\nConsumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified food Bottle feeding\n\n\nTimely breastfeeding initiation within one hour was suboptimal in all the camps (target 85%). In\n\nKutupalong Mega Camp, exclusive breastfeeding (target \u226575%) and consumption of iron-rich or fortified\n\nfood (target >60%) were also below the target. Bottle-feeding was still a challenge in Nayapara and\n\nKutupalong RCs (target <5%). Observation and discussions with mothers and caregivers indicate pre\nlacteal feeds (traditional medications and other concoctions) are given to newborns.\n\n\n**IV.** **HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY**\n\n\n**Food Assistance:**\n\nHousehold-level support with food assistance was found to be universal (100%) in Kutupalong Mega Camp\n\nand Nayapara RC, but slightly lower (86.5%) in Kutupalong RC where about 13% reported buying food\n\nusing their own funds. In Kutupalong Mega Camp, 23.3% of the vulnerable population received additional\n\nsupport equivalent to 3 USD per person per month to be redeemed in WFP Fresh Food Corners.\n\n\nThe sale of food assistance to cover essential needs remains a challenge: 17.4%, 18.3%, and 22.3% of\n\nhouseholds reported selling food in Kutupalong Mega Camp, and Nayapara and Kutupalong RCs,\n\nrespectively. This is similar to findings from the 2021 UNHCR-WFP Joint Assessment Mission (JAM), which\n\nestimated that the sale of food assistance continues to be a generalized coping mechanism for meeting\n\nfood and non-food needs, driving some refugees to sell up to 20% of food assistance received\n\n(UNHCR/WFP, 2021). However, REVA data continues to show a declining trend in food sale behaviours.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Unmet Needs** :\n\nThe top four unmet needs across the camps were health (approximately 50%), food (approximately 40%),\n\nand hygiene, clothes, and debt repayment (approximately 20%). This indicates increased vulnerability.\n\n\n**Livelihood Coping Strategies** :\n\nNew loans, deferred debt repayment, and reduction in household expenditure were the most common\n\nnegative livelihoods-based coping strategies across the camps. Approximately 50% of households in\n\nKutupalong Mega Camps livelihood coping strategies, and 30% and 10% in Nayapara and Kutupalong RCs\n\nrespectively.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOver 80% of refugees in the camps adopted consumption-based coping strategies to deal with food\n\n[shortages. In Refugee Influx Emergency Vulnerability Assessment (REVA)-4, 75% of households relied on](https://www.wfp.org/publications/bangladesh-rohingya-emergency-vulnerability-assessment-reva-4-april-2021)\n\nless preferred/expensive food as their most common coping mechanism. This was also the most common\n\nstrategy in SENS findings, but the proportion of households reporting its use was lower, reaching only\n\n36.3% in Kutupalong Mega Camp, and 19.2% and 12.7% respectively in Nayapara and Kutupalong RCs.\n\nSENS 2021 and REVA-4 findings align for the other food-based coping mechanisms. The reduced coping\n\nstrategy index (rCSI) was 3.8, 2.8, and 1.4 in Kutupalong Mega Camp, Nayapara RC, and Kutupalong RC,\n\nrespectively, indicating households in the registered camps had low or no coping strategies, while those\n\nin the mega camp adopt medium coping strategies.\n\n\n**Access to fuel and cooking energy:**\n\nAll households reported using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the primary source of cooking fuel;\n\nhowever, some households still use firewood alongside LPG, especially when the gas runs out before the\n\nnext refill distribution cycle. In Kutupalong Mega Camp and Nayapara RC, LPG use was 100% and 99.6%,\n\nwhile in Kutupalong RC it was 91.4%. A small proportion of households, 0.5% and 8.7% respectively,\n\nreported using wood as fuel in the Nayapara and Kutupalong RCs. The households reporting receipt of\n\nfuel assistance was high in both Kutupalong Mega Camp (99.4%) and Nayapara RC (99.6%). The same was\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "low in Kutupalong RC (66.8%) mainly due to resistance to get the UNHCR non-food items distributions\n\ncards by a group of refugees in the camp.\n\n\n**V.** **WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)**\n\n\nAll households reported access to protected water sources. Households reporting average protected\n\nwater collection per person per day is above the UNHCR targets of >20 litres. Among households reporting\n\nprotected water usage of <15 L/P/day, challenges in water access affected 46.9% of households in\n\nNayapara RC, 31.1% in Kutupalong Mega Camp and 23% in Kutupalong RC. Most households reported\n\ntoilet facilities and access to soap (close, or equal, to 100%).\n\n\nHowever, proper disposal of child feaces remains a major concern. Only about one-third of households\n\nwith a child under five use household or public latrines in Kutupalong Mega Camp (36.4%), Nayapara RC\n\n(28.7%), and Kutupalong RC (28.8%) respectively. Of these households, only half dispose child feaces\n\nsafely, which makes children susceptible to diseases transmitted via the fecal-oral route.\n\n# **Conclusion**\n\n\nAcute malnutrition is high but stable in the Rohingya camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar. Concerted efforts are required\n\nto reduce it further to acceptable levels and prevent deterioration to the very high classification, especially\n\nduring the monsoon season.\n\n\nChronic malnutrition remains above the WHO/UNICEF thresholds, and there is a need to improve\n\nprevention programmes such IYCF practices, and to explore and strengthen nutrition-sensitive\n\ninterventions across various sectors.\n\n\nAnaemia among children and women has worsened with a significant increase in Kutupalong Mega Camp;\n\nthis calls for an urgent review of the anaemia mitigation strategy to explore the causes and identify\n\nrelevant interventions.\n\n\nWhile mosquito net coverage is high, the recommended long-lasting insecticide treated (LLIN) mosquito\n\nnet coverage is sub-optimal, and a distribution strategy needs to be developed and harmonized across\n\nthe camps.\n\n\nWater quality and quantity are optimal, but sanitation continues to be a challenge due to environmental\n\nfactors, especially poor drainage.\n\n\nFuel energy coverage is high in the newly established camps and Nayapara RC, but low in Kutupalong RC,\n\nand some households continue to use firewood.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Recommendations and priorities**\n\nThe findings of the SENS were presented to Nutrition Sector partners on 27 December 2021. Based on\n\nthis assessment, partners elaborated the following recommendations to improve the overall health and\n\nnutrition situation in the camps. More detailed activities relating to each recommendation will be included\n\nin the report.\n\n\n**Immediate action**\n\n\n- Strengthen community outreach activities using an integrated approach, especially with the new norm\nof COVID-19, and return to active screening and referrals in the community through volunteers.\n\n- Advocate to return to WHO nutrition programme protocols to allow admission of malnourished\nchildren identified by mixed criteria.\n\n- Organize a joint workshop with all relevant sectors to review findings after the report is finalized and\ndevelop a joint plan of action to address the underlying causes of high malnutrition levels in the camps.\n\n- Strengthen the capacity of health and nutrition staff on anaemia detection and treatment and invest\nin equipment for measuring anaemia and ensuring adequate quantities of appropriate treatment.\n\n- Strengthen BSFP and ANC linkages among pregnant women and intensify health education on the\nimportance of iron and folic acid supplementation and its adherence, both at the community level and\nduring ANC visits.\n\n- Improve Vitamin A and deworming documentation as part of monitoring systems during annual\ncampaigns, as well as routine health and nutrition programmes.\n\n- Blanket distribution of mosquito nets in all camps to increase the coverage of LLINs.\n\n- Follow up on low energy access in Kutupalong Registered Camp to address resistance to the non-food\nitem (NFI) beneficiary card.\n\n- Strengthen distribution and sensitization of the community and traders to more fuel-efficient stoves,\nincluding recommended brands, such as OMERA.\n\n- Strengthen post-distribution monitoring for both food assistance and LPG refills to better understand\nissues leading to early LPG exhaustion before scheduled refills and inform sensitization messages.\n\n- Distribute water containers to households reporting few containers owned.\n\n\n**Medium-term**\n\n- Develop a multi-sectoral Social Behaviour Change and Communication (SBCC) strategy across\nnutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions to address the underlying causes of malnutrition. For\ninstance,\n\na. Strengthen nutrition education in the camps, emphasizing selection and consumption of iron\nrich foods;\n\nb. Mobilize community outreach volunteers as a modality to educate communities about\n\nefficiently cooking food rations;\n\nc. Strengthen vertical/sack gardening interventions to enhance household dietary diversity, which\n\nhas a significant role in improving nutritional status.\n\n- Develop an anaemia strategy to address high anaemia and resulting micronutrient deficiencies.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Enhance prevention programming and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices to address high\nlevels of stunting.\n\n- Ensure availability and accessibility of WHO-recommended mosquito nets across all camps through\n\na. Advocacy to partners to adhere to WHO LLIN specification during procurement of mosquito\n\nnets for refugees;\n\nb. Sensitize traders in local markets on LLIN specifications to gradually stock the recommended\n\nmosquito nets.\n\n- Pilot energy efficiency training in nutrition centres (especially in areas where the new pressure cooker\npilot is being rolled out).\n\n\n**Long-term**\n\n- Investigate the type of anaemia prevalent among refugees and risk factors to develop appropriate\ninterventions.\n\n- Explore the feasibility of introducing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in health and nutrition\nfacilities to enhance maternal and childcare services in the camps.\n\n- Explore food fortification options to ensure adequate access and bioavailability of micronutrients and\nto avert any food diversity-related deficiencies.\n\n- Improve sanitation infrastructure in the camps to address stagnant water and general drainage.\n\n- Strengthen livelihood options in the camp to reduce the sale of food assistance to cover basic needs.\n\n- Conduct in-depth studies on the number of days fuel lasts as a proxy for fuel consumption to identify\nthe correlation between stove type and health and nutrition indicators.\n\n- Improve water systems to ensure adequate water access by all the households within SPHERE\nstandards.\n\n- Introduce and scale up \u201cBaby WASH\u201d to create a hygienic management of children excreta and\nenvironment as children feaces are poorly managed.\n\n\n_Cover photo: ACF/Action Against Hunger_\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ef29ac8-96e6-40d1-8e5e-3eec2cf61828/Refugee_SENS_Executive_Summary_2022_2_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_606/raw/doc_606_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_606/raw/doc_606_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 36bad495d68bb3d86d54ca47514de5f2bad70c18..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_606/raw/doc_606_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,835 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nOnward and mixed movements of refugees and\nmigrants [1] along the South-West (SW) Asia Route, from\nAfghanistan to Pakistan and Iran onwards to Europe,\nentail complex challenges for governments, the people\nthemselves and the communities in countries of origin,\nasylum, transit and destination.\n\n\nWhile some movements along the SW Asia Route are\npredominantly composed of refugees, such as the initial\nmovements of Afghans outside their country of origin, [2]\nfurther along the route in T\u00fcrkiye and the Balkans the\nmovements become mixed when merged with migrant\nflows (e.g. Pakistanis and Bangladeshis [3] ) or when\nintersecting with the broader mixed movements from\nthe Middle East and Africa.\n\n\n\nIntended to support the analysis of movement trends\nand inform the operationalization of UNHCR\u2019s\nPanoramic/Route-Based Approach [4] to onward and\nmixed movements along the SW Asia Route, this paper\npresents key datasets organized around 10 thematic\nareas relevant to the pillars of the Panoramic Approach.\n\n\nThe paper is based on both primary data \u2013 mainly\nquantitative and qualitative information collected\nthrough UNHCR protection monitoring and focus group\ndiscussions in relevant countries \u2013 and secondary\nsources, including official data from national authorities\nand existing studies and research.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 [Refugees are people who cannot return to their country of origin because of a well-founded fear of persecution, conflict, violence, or other circumstances that have](https://www.unhcr.org/refugees.html)\nseriously disturbed public order, and who, as a result, require international protection. The tendency to conflate refugees and migrants, or to refer to refugees as a\nsubcategory of migrants, can have serious consequences for the lives and safety of people fleeing persecution or conflict. See, e.g., UNHCR [Asylum and Migration;](https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/asylum-and-migration)\nand UNHCR Explainer, [\u201cRefugees\u201d or \u201cMigrants\u201d? How word choices afect rights and lives.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/refugees-or-migrants-how-word-choices-affect-rights-and-lives)\n2 [UNHCR, Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Afghanistan (Update I), February 2023 (UNHCR\u2019s Guidance Note on Afghanistan).](https://www.refworld.org/policy/countrypos/unhcr/2023/en/124216)\n3 The majority of migrants from Bangladesh arriving to Europe via the Central Mediterranean Route are transiting through Libya. Prior to arriving in Libya most (56 per\ncent or 12,125 Bangladeshi migrants) had reportedly used T\u00fcrkiye as a transit country. [IOM (March 2023)](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/libya-migration-bangladesh-italy-libya-march-2023)\n4 UNHCR is globally implementing the Route-Based Approach along prioritized routes. In some regions the terms 'whole-of-route approach\u2019 or the \u2018hemispheric\napproach\u2019 has been used to capture the essence of the route-based approach. For the Asia-Pacific region and for the South-West Asia Route, the term \u2018Panoramic\nApproach\u2019 is deemed to be the most appropriate.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key datasets", - "confidence": 0.8253002762794495, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8088195323944092, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SW Asia Route", - "confidence": 0.8025893568992615, - "start": 66, - "end": 69 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9707018136978149, - "start": 205, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "quantitative and qualitative information", - "confidence": 0.780087947845459, - "start": 199, - "end": 203 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6690768599510193, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SW Asia Route", - "confidence": 0.7144513726234436, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5984295010566711, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data from national authorities", - "confidence": 0.8007557392120361, - "start": 221, - "end": 226 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6043547987937927, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6784378886222839, - "start": 234, - "end": 235 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n## **POPULATION FLOW**\n\n#### **1. How many refugees and migrants have taken the** **South-West Asia Route towards Europe?**\n\n\n\nIn the past five years from 2020 to 2024, some 145,600\npeople from Asia were reported to have arrived\nirregularly by land and sea in Europe, [5] corresponding to\n17 per cent of total estimated irregular arrivals in Europe\nthrough the Mediterranean and Atlantic Routes. Arrivals\nhave been rising steadily, with a nearly three-fold\nincrease from 13,000 in 2020 to 39,000 in 2024. From\n2020 to 2023, Afghans were the second-largest group\nof persons irregularly arriving in Europe from the\nAsia-Pacific region (33 per cent of arrivals), after\nBangladeshis (41 per cent). However, in 2024, Afghans\nbecame the largest group, accounting for 42 per cent of\narrivals, confirming an increasing trend in arrivals that\nstarted after the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 2021.\n\n\nOver the past five years, Greece and Italy have\nrecorded the highest number of arrivals to the European\nUnion (EU) from Asia through the South-West Asia\nRoute. Among the top nationalities of arrivals,\nBangladeshi, Iranian and Pakistani nationals primarily\nreached Italy, crossing either from T\u00fcrkiye or North\nAfrican countries. Of those arriving in the EU, 94 per\ncent of Bangladeshis, 70 per cent of Pakistanis, and 53\nper cent of Iranians are estimated to have entered the\nEU through Italy.\n\n\nIn 2024, 1.28 million Afghans crossed into Iran [6] and 1.08\nmillion entered Pakistan, [7] with around 162,000 moving\nonward from Pakistan to Iran. [8] From there, some\nAfghans have continued their journey through T\u00fcrkiye\ntoward Europe. [9] In 2024, 90 per cent of Afghans\narriving in the EU reached Greece via the Eastern\n\n\n\nMediterranean Route, [10] before continuing through the\nWestern Balkans, northern Italy and France. From\nFrance, many Afghans \u2013 along with other nationalities\n\n- attempt to cross the English Channel to the UK.\nOthers travel overland through Bulgaria and onward\nthrough the Western Balkans. Separately, 1,156 Afghan\narrivals were reported in Italy by sea, with 97 per cent\ntravelling via T\u00fcrkiye. Despite these movements toward\nEurope, Iran and Pakistan remain the largest host\ncountries for Afghan refugees, with over 87 per cent of\nthose fleeing Afghanistan still residing in the two\nneighbouring countries.\n\n\n**# OF PEOPLE WHO ARRIVED IRREGULARLY BY LAND AND SEA**\n**IN EUROPE FROM ASIA (2020-2024)**\n## 145,600\n\n\n\n% Afghanistan (out of total arrivals from Asia)\n% Bangladesh (out of total arrivals from Asia)\n\n\n\nTotal arrivals\nfrom Asia\n\n\n\n38,967\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan**\n\n\n**Bangladesh**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n\n5 Based on data on irregular arrivals in Europe provided by national authorities of Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Malta.\n6 Includes movement through official crossing points from the Afghanistan de facto Directorate of Refugee and Repatriation and unofficial crossing points from UNHCR\nborder monitoring.\n7 Includes movement through official crossing points.\n8 [Movements recorded through border monitoring (UNHCR Afghanistan 2024 Border Monitoring Report).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114012)\n9 UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System (RPMS) dashboard indicates T\u00fcrkiye as previous country of asylum for 27 per cent of Afghan nationals. Furthermore,\nRPMS indicates that 50 per cent of the Afghan nationals in T\u00fcrkiye fled Afghanistan between one and five years ago, and 9 per cent fled Afghanistan more than five\nyears ago, before undertaking onward movements from T\u00fcrkiye to the EU. Many Afghan nationals interviewed have lived for a long time in T\u00fcrkiye and often in Iran\nbefore their onward movements due to, for example, administrative measures that force people to move from one province to another, loosing jobs and housing, and\nthe earthquakes.\n10 A significant pathway for refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants en route to Europe from the Middle East, Asia and Africa with T\u00fcrkiye as the main transit country to\nreach Greece, Cyprus and Bulgaria.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on irregular arrivals in Europe", - "confidence": 0.8735402822494507, - "start": 541, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Movements recorded through border monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8796828389167786, - "start": 599, - "end": 604 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6580342054367065, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9849280118942261, - "start": 537, - "end": 538 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020-2024", - "confidence": 0.8795254826545715, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan nationals", - "confidence": 0.5875509977340698, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Border Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.9273003339767456, - "start": 608, - "end": 611 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "recorded through border monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5907889008522034, - "start": 600, - "end": 604 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7783008813858032, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPMS", - "confidence": 0.8028058409690857, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7894830703735352, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.786104679107666, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9906222224235535, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6461237668991089, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan nationals", - "confidence": 0.9473605751991272, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.5083284378051758, - "start": 617, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPMS", - "confidence": 0.8159652352333069, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.6157374978065491, - "start": 627, - "end": 628 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan nationals", - "confidence": 0.8362470865249634, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\n**AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ESTIMATED IRREGULAR**\n**ARRIVALS IN EUROPE FROM ASIA (2020-2024)**\n## 17%\n\n\n275,210\n\n\n\n**TOP NATIONALITIES OF ARRVALS FROM ASIA AND THE PACIFIC**\n**TO GREECE (2024)**\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nIran\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nOther nationalities\n\n\n\n1,086\n\n\n728\n\n\n695\n\n\n19\n\n\n\n14,784\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n**COUNTRY OF DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL**\n\n\n\n**TOP NATIONALITIES OF ARRIVALS TO ITALY FROM ASIA AND**\n**PACIFIC (2024)**\n\n\n\n29\n\n\n\n14,284\n\n\n\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nIran\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nOther nationalities\n\n\n\n3,454\n\n\n\n1,241\n\n\n1,156\n\n\n\n**Country of departure**\n**Country of arrival**\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nGreece\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOthers\nOthers\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ARRIVALS IN EUROPE FROM ASIA", - "confidence": 0.5239665508270264, - "start": 20, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7601476907730103, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020-2024", - "confidence": 0.9911536574363708, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS", - "confidence": 0.527479350566864, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n## **POPULATION PROFILE**\n\n#### **2. Who are the refugees and migrants moving along the** **South-West Asia Route to Europe?**\n\n\n\nBased on data on arrivals provided by European country\nnational authorities in 2024, Afghan and Iranian\nnationals show a distinct demographic profile, with\nwomen making up 28 per cent of Afghan arrivals and 27\nper cent of Iranian arrivals, compared to 6 per cent of\nBangladeshis and 5 per cent of Pakistanis. [11] Children\naccount for 41 per cent of Afghan arrivals and 21 per\ncent of Iranians, while the proportions are notably lower\namong Bangladeshis (4 per cent) and Pakistanis (5 per\ncent), potentially highlighting greater protection and\nfamily-related needs among Afghans and Iranians.\n\n\n**DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE**\n\n\nChildren Women Men\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nIran\n\n\nOther\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n93%\n\n\n97%\n\n\n\n66%\n\n\n69%\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\nProtection monitoring interviews conducted between\nJanuary and December 2024 across South-East\nEuropean countries [12] reveal significant gender-based\ndisparities in socio-economic profiles among Afghans\nand Iranians on the move. Within the younger cohort\n(18-24 years), all Afghan women interviewed reported\nhaving no formal education, compared to only 10 per\ncent of men in the same age group. Conversely, among\nthose aged 25\u201359 years, 25 per cent of women had\nattained a university degree, compared to just 7 per\ncent of men. Despite these higher education levels, 75\nper cent of Afghan women reported never having held\nan occupation in their country of origin, compared to 29\nper cent of men.\n\n\n\nSimilar trends are observed among Iranians. While 26\nper cent of Iranian women interviewed held university\ndegrees \u2013 double the rate among men (13 per cent) \u2013\n39 per cent of women reported no previous\nemployment, compared to 21 per cent of men.\n\n\nThe socio-demographic profile of Afghan and Iranian\nwomen interviewed seems to point to the de facto\nauthorities\u2019 in Afghanistan systematic exclusion of\nwomen from education and employment in Afghanistan,\ncoupled with restrictive social norms and legal\nconstraints in Iran, as significant push factors driving\nAfghan and Iranian women to leave their country of\norigin.\n\n\nAccording to protection monitoring interviews\nconducted between January and December 2024\nacross South-East European countries under the\nframework of UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring\nSystem, varying education and occupation levels are\nalso observed across nationalities. Afghan and Pakistani\nwomen and men on the move tend to have on average\nlower levels of formal education, with 14 per cent and 11\nper cent respectively reporting no education, and the\nmajority completing only primary education (45 per cent\nof Afghans, 47 per cent of Pakistanis). In contrast,\nBangladeshi and Iranian women and men report on\naverage higher levels of secondary and tertiary\neducation. Notably, 16 per cent of both Bangladeshis\nand Iranians have attained university-level education or\nabove, compared to just 5 per cent of Afghans and 4\nper cent of Pakistanis. Technical or vocational training\nremains limited across all groups, ranging from 3 per\ncent to 9 per cent.\n\n\n\n11. Based on data on irregular arrivals in Europe provided by national authorities of Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Malta.\n12 UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/1999), Montenegro, North Macedonia,\nRomania and Serbia.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on arrivals", - "confidence": 0.955200731754303, - "start": 47, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "European country\nnational authorities", - "confidence": 0.7587913274765015, - "start": 52, - "end": 56 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "European country\nnational authorities", - "confidence": 0.6790320873260498, - "start": 52, - "end": 56 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "South-West Asia Route to Europe", - "confidence": 0.518517017364502, - "start": 37, - "end": 42 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9843767881393433, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS", - "confidence": 0.9755664467811584, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.852982759475708, - "start": 191, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.5059729814529419, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.841494083404541, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS", - "confidence": 0.5106824636459351, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on irregular arrivals in Europe", - "confidence": 0.9834762811660767, - "start": 589, - "end": 595 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "national authorities", - "confidence": 0.5275076031684875, - "start": 597, - "end": 599 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9645280838012695, - "start": 612, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7658484578132629, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "1999", - "confidence": 0.8543254733085632, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nThese figures illustrate diverse education profiles, which\ncan influence integration and support needs in host\ncountries. Despite this, among refugees and migrants\ninterviewed across South-East European countries in\n2024, 32 per cent of Afghans reported not having\nworked in Afghanistan or in their previous country of\nasylum, compared to 26 per cent of Pakistanis, 25 per\ncent of Iranians, and 17 per cent of Bangladeshis.\n\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nIran\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n\n**EDUCATION LEVELS**\n\n\nNo Technical/\nPrimary Secondary\neducation vocational\n\n\n\nUniversity\n& above\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n44%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n47%\n\n\n\n41%\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\n\n32%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n35%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n#### **3. Why are refugees and migrants leaving their country** **of origin to travel along the South-West Asia Route to** **Europe?**\n\n\n\nThe reasons for leaving the country of origin vary\nsignificantly by nationality, highlighting differing needs.\nAmong Afghans, 88 per cent cited conflict or violence\nas the primary reasons for their movement, comprising\ngeneralized insecurity (48 per cent) and threats to their\nlife and family (40 per cent) as their main reasons for\nleaving, while 66 per cent of Iranians reported the same\n(36 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively). In contrast,\n\n\n**REASONS FOR LEAVING THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN**\n\n\n\nmost Pakistanis (68 per cent) and Bangladeshis (75 per\ncent) left due to limited access to employment and basic\nservices as the primary reasons, with only 19 per cent of\nPakistanis and 8 per cent of Bangladeshis citing\nviolence or threats. These figures point to a stronger\nprotection dimension in the journeys of Afghans and\nIranians, compared to the more economically driven\nmovements of Pakistani and Bangladeshi nationals.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Protection
Generalized Threats to my Discrimination
violence and life/family
insecurity|Col3|Col4|Socio-Economic
Limited access Lack of access Family
to employment to basic reunification
services|Col6|Col7|Other|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iran|36%|30%|16%|8%|3%|1%|6%|\n|Afghanistan|48%|40%|3%|3%|4%||2%|\n|Bangladesh|8%||13%|75%|||4%|\n|Pakistan|12%|7%|7%|43%|25%|1%|4%|\n\n\n\nAccording to the European Union Agency for Asylum\n(EUAA), [13] common profiles among Iranian asylumseekers include political opponents, protesters, human\n\n\n13 [European Union Agency for Asylum, Country Guidance: Iran.](https://euaa.europa.eu/publications/country-guidance-iran)\n\n\n\nrights defenders, journalists, and individuals perceived\nto have violated Islamic norms or laws. Indeed, the\nrecognition rate for Iranian applicants across EU+\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\ncountries reached 40 per cent in 2024, [14] substantiating\nthe international protection needs associated with these\nprofiles.\n\n\nMoreover, most Afghans who approached UNHCR in\nIran and Pakistan and arrived after the Taliban\u2019s\ntakeover in August 2021 have profiles which place them\nat risk of serious harm and likely to be in need of\ninternational protection, as defined in the UNHCR\nGuidance Note on the International Protection Needs of\nPeople Fleeing Afghanistan (Update I). [15] In Iran, 80 per\ncent of Afghans reported protection-related reasons for\nflight \u2013 including affiliation with the former government\n(34 per cent), fear of the Taliban (29 per cent),\nrestrictions on women (16 per cent), and minority status\n(13 per cent) \u2013 compared to 35 per cent before August\n\n\n\n2021. Minority Afghan groups such as Tajiks, Hazaras\nand Sayyeds make up 81 per cent of arrivals, while only\n12 per cent cited solely economic reasons. In Pakistan,\n66 per cent of post-2021 arrivals from Afghanistan also\nreported protection concerns, with similar risk factors.\n\n\nWhile the unprecedented humanitarian crisis affecting\nAfghanistan is of deep concern, it must not obscure the\nwidespread human rights violations taking place in the\ncountry and the protection risks that Afghans might be\nfacing. Although many Afghans may initially cite urgent\nsurvival needs as the first or primary reason for their\nflight, this does not negate their concurrent international\nprotection needs, which calls for a comprehensive\nassessment.\n\n\n\n**PROFILE OF NEWLY ARRIVED AFGHANS WHO APPROACHED UNHCR PAKISTAN**\n\n\n**Reasons for flight** **Ethnicity**\n\n\n\nGeneral\n\n\n\n**At-risk profile reasons breakdown**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFear of Taliban \ngeneral\n\nAffiliated former\nGovernment\n\nHeightened\nProtection profiles\n\n\nMinority groups\n\n\nWomen restrictions\n\n\nPolitical opponents\n\n\n\n35%\n\n\n32%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAt least\none\nat-risk\nprofile\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n\n**PROFILE OF NEWLY ARRIVED AFGHANS WHO APPROACHED UNHCR IRAN**\n\n\n**Reasons for flight** **Ethnicity**\n\n\n\nGeneral\n\n\n\n**At-risk profile reasons breakdown**\n\n\n\nOthers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAt least\none\nat-risk\nprofile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAffiliated former\n\nGovernment\n\nFear of Taliban general\n\nWomen restrictions\n\nHeightened\nProtection profiles*\n\n\nMinority groups\n\n\nPolitical opponents\n\n\n\n34%\n\n\n29%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14 The total protection rate was calculated excluding decisions granting stay permits on humanitarian grounds.\n15 [UNHCR, Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Afghanistan (Update I), February 2023.](https://www.refworld.org/policy/countrypos/unhcr/2023/en/124216)\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **4. Why are Afghans continuing to move on from** **countries of asylum in South-West Asia?**\n\n\n\nIran and Pakistan have for decades generously hosted\nthe vast majority of the global number of Afghan\nrefugees and remain to date the largest hosting\ncountries for Afghan refugees worldwide. Many Afghan\nrefugees have spent years in Iran or Pakistan, only\ndeciding to move onwards towards Europe when\ndeportations, economic hardship or insecurity made\nstaying impossible, given the protection standards for\nvoluntary repatriation to Afghanistan are not met.\nHowever, in the absence of a comprehensive refugee\nprotection framework in these countries of first asylum,\nAfghans in both countries have remained in legal,\neconomic and protection uncertainty for years.\n\n\nThe level of protection in each country differs based on\nthe documentation type, and Afghan refugees in both\ncountries have generally been living in an unpredictable\nand dynamic protection situation. In September 2023,\nthe introduction of the Illegal Foreigners Repatriation\nPlan (IFRP) by the Government of Pakistan led to the\nreturn under adverse circumstances of 806,000\n\n\n\nAfghans to Afghanistan by the end of 2023, of which\n39,000 were deportations. In 2024, 764,000 Afghans\nwere deported from Iran to Afghanistan and 9,000 from\nPakistan.\n\n\nFrom 1 January to 30 June 2025, there have been over\n1.3 million returns to Afghanistan, which have comprised\nAfghans who have returned or are forced to return including individual deportations, as well as Afghans\nwho feel compelled to return in the context of an overall\nenvironment of discrimination, harassment and\nintimidation, as well as risks of arrest, detention and\nremoval. This has arisen from the implementation of\nbroad return policies and plans of the Governments of\nIran and Pakistan implemented solely on the basis of\ntheir legal status and/or documentation. The\nGovernment of Pakistan publicly announced on 7 March\n2025 the resumption of the IFRP to include all Afghan\nCitizenship Card (ACC) holders, in addition to the\nremaining undocumented Afghans, who should\nvoluntarily return to Afghanistan by 31 March 2025 or\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nface deportation as of 1 April 2025. In parallel, as a\nconsequence of the Government of Iran\u2019s\nannouncement on 23 February 2025 that the validity of\nheadcount slips (a type of document issued for Afghans\nin Iran whom UNHCR considers to be in refugee-like\nsituations) will not be extended beyond 20 March 2025,\na 20 per cent increase of returns from Iran has been\nobserved. [16]\n\n\n**AFGHANS DEPORTATION (AS OF 30 JUNE 2025)**\n\n\n**From Iran** **From Pakistan**\n\n764,332\n\n\n\nAccording to information collected by UNHCR from\nAfghan refugees who moved from Pakistan to Iran, the\nmain drivers to leave the first country of asylum are the\nfollowing:\n\n\n**AFGHAN ONWARD MOVEMENT DRIVERS FROM PAKISTAN TO**\n**IRAN**\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n11%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n39%\n\n\n36%\n\n\n\n2022 2023 2024 2025\n\n\n\n2022 2023 2024 2025\n\n\n\nSecurity threats\n\n\nNo freedom of movement\n\n\nTransit\n\n\nEthnicity minority\npersecution (Hazara)\n\n\nReligious minority\n\n\nMedical reasons\n\n\nLack of employment\nopportunities\n\nFear of arrest and/or\ndeportation\n\n\nAccomodation costs\n\n\nAbuse by police or state\nauthorities\n\n\nFood insecurity\n\n\n\n16 Based on recent IMF studies, when one country tightens its migration and/or refugee policies, flows are often deflected to others. A 20 per cent reduction in inflows\nin one group of countries can increase inflows elsewhere by 10 per cent over five years and these redirected flows can raise economic output by about 0.2 per cent\nin the receiving countries if integration is effective. See, e.g., [World Economic Outlook, April 2025: A Critical Juncture amid Policy Shifts (Chapter 3).](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/04/22/world-economic-outlook-april-2025#Chapters)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n## **PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT**\n\n#### **5. What are the drivers for onward movements along the** **South-West Asia Route to Europe?**\n\n\n\nIntended destination countries of people on the move\nvary notably by their nationality. Italy is the top choice\nfor 77 per cent of Pakistanis and 69 per cent of\nBangladeshis, while only 13 per cent of Iranians and 10\nper cent of Afghans report it as their intended\ndestination. In contrast, 67 per cent of Afghans and 49\nper cent of Iranians intend to reach Germany. France\nattracts smaller proportions overall, with 15 per cent of\nAfghans, 9 per cent of Iranians, and just 8 per cent or\nless among Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. The United\nKingdom is an intended destination for 19 per cent of\nIranians, compared to only 4 per cent of Afghans, and of\nminimal interest to Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. These\npatterns highlight differing objectives and needs, with\nAfghans and Iranians more often aiming for northern\nand western Europe. [17]\n\n\nReasons for identifying a destination country differ\nmarkedly by nationality, reflecting varying motivations\nand needs. Among Afghans and Iranians, protectionrelated factors are prominent: 28 per cent of Afghans\nand 27 per cent of Iranians cited safety as their primary\nreason for the intended destination, while 17 per cent\nand 16 per cent, respectively, pointed to the existence of\nasylum procedures. Family and community ties also play\na role, accounting for the intended destination of a\ncombined 39 per cent for Afghans and 37 per cent for\nIranians. In contrast, economic factors are the main\ndriver for Bangladeshis and Pakistanis. Employment\nopportunities were the top reason for 56 per cent of\nBangladeshis and 45 per cent of Pakistanis, while\ncommunity ties were also important for 23 per cent of\nPakistanis and 21 per cent of Bangladeshis. These\n\n\n\npatterns underscore the protection-driven nature of\nAfghan and Iranian movements, compared to the\neconomically-motivated migration of Pakistani and\nBangladeshi nationals.\n\n\nIt is worth noting that around one-third of interviewed\nAfghans, Bangladeshis and Pakistanis, and one-quarter\nof Iranians, indicated they might have considered\nsettling in a country of transit if certain conditions had\nbeen met. For Afghans and Iranians, the most important\nfactor is being granted asylum \u2013 followed by family\nreunification for Afghans, and access to employment for\nIranians. In contrast, for Bangladeshis and Pakistanis,\nthe main condition for considering settlement in a\ncountry of transit is access to work.\n\n\n**TOP 4 INTENDED DESTINATION COUNTRIES**\n\n\n**Origin** **Destination**\n\n\nPakistan\n\nItaly\n\n\nAfghanistan\n\n\n\nIran\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nFrance\n\nOther countries\n\nUnited Kingdom\n\n\n\n17 To be noted, according to UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System interviews collected in 2024, for one per cent of Afghans and Pakistani, and four per cent\nof Iranians, the intended destination country is unknown.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Regional Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.5874404311180115, - "start": 502, - "end": 507 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9602528810501099, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9718894362449646, - "start": 559, - "end": 560 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9993821382522583, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghans and Pakistani", - "confidence": 0.8336125612258911, - "start": 517, - "end": 520 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n**REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE DESTINATION COUNTRY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Safety|Asylum
procedures|Family ties|Community ties|Employment|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Afghanistan|23%|15%|19%|14%|22%|\n|Bangladesh|0%|8%|12%|12%|69%|\n|Iran|14%|11%|16%|18%|30%|\n|Pakistan|3%|7%|10%|34%|42%|\n\n\n#### **6. What protection issues do refugees and migrants face** **along the journey from South-West Asia to Europe?**\n\n\n\nRefugees and migrants undertaking the journey to\nEurope face significant protection risks associated with\nsmuggling and trafficking networks. The SW Asia Route\nfrom Pakistan through Iran, T\u00fcrkiye, Greece, Bulgaria,\nand onward to other EU countries is fraught with\ndangers. Restrictive border controls, insufficient\nprotection-sensitive border controls and limited legal\npathways, including barriers to family reunification, force\nmany refugees and migrants to rely on smugglers or to\nfall victim to trafficking, exposing them to various forms\nof exploitation, abuse and human rights violations.\nMoreover, current reception conditions and lack of\nintegration opportunities, particularly in countries like\nBulgaria, are significant factors driving forcibly displaced\npersons to seek protection elsewhere in the EU.\nRefugees and migrants moving through the Western\nBalkans countries have reported physical assault and\nconfiscation or destruction of personal property and\nidentity documents, arrests and verbal abuse at the\nhands of smugglers/traffickers, police, border guards\nand other authorities.\n\n\nChildren, women and persons with disabilities are\namong the most vulnerable profiles enduring the\njourney. Child protection risks include violence, abuse\nand exploitation, with the worst forms of child labour\nfeaturing prominently. Family separation before, during\nand after the journey is a key risk to be mitigated to\nensure a first line of protection for children, and\nunaccompanied children constitute one of the most\nvulnerable categories among children on the move.\n\n\n\nAccess to Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n(MHPSS) services, generally, however also along the\njourney, is critical for the children to maintain resilience.\n\n\nWomen and girls face significant risks including genderbased violence and are vulnerable to sexual exploitation\nand abuse, particularly those travelling by themselves,\nwomen heads of household, women and girls with\ndisabilities, and persons with diverse Sexual Orientation,\nGender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics\n(SOGIESC).\n\n\nFrom T\u00fcrkiye to Greece, refugees alongside migrants\ncontinue to embark in dangerous and perilous journeys\nto reach safety in Europe. These movements through\nthe land border and by sea in Greece often occur in\novercrowded or unseaworthy vessels, which in some\ncases may result in the loss of lives, persons going\nmissing or injured, or being subjected to pushbacks at\nsea or land borders. Living conditions in reception and\naccommodation facilities for asylum-seekers and\nrefugees arriving to Greece remain challenging,\nparticularly at periods of increased arrivals. Although\nsignificant progress has been observed toward the\nintegration and self-reliance of refugees in Greece,\nthose who wish to stay in Greece continue to face a\nnumber of administrative and legal obstacles, including\naccess to documentation, employment, education,\nhealthcare, renting a house, applying for social benefits\nor reuniting with their families in Greece, increasing their\nrisk of exploitation, abuse, destitution and\ndiscrimination.\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nFrom 2020\u20132023, the number of Afghan refugees and\nmigrants losing their lives during transit in South-West\nAsia increased by 250 per cent from 308 to 1,078\npersons. [18] The vast majority of recorded deaths and\ndisappearances involved Afghan refugees fleeing along\nthe SW Asia Route from Afghanistan to Iran while\nattempting to move onwards towards T\u00fcrkiye and into\nthe EU.\n\n\nIn Iran, Pakistan and T\u00fcrkiye, arrests and detention\nreportedly under poor conditions, often leading to\ndeportations, have been widely reported. While 21,000\nAfghans were arrested in Pakistan in 2024, T\u00fcrkiye\nreported close to 66,000 Afghans being apprehended\nin the territory during the year. Afghans report a lack of\nbasic services like food, water and accommodation,\nillnesses from harsh conditions, and monetary\nexploitation by smugglers in exchange of basic services.\n\n\n\n**ARRESTS OF AFGHAN REFUGEES IN PAKISTAN**\n\n\nAsylum-seekers and Proof of Registration (PoR) 47,719\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025\n\n\n**APPREHENSIONS OF AFGHAN REFUGEES IN T\u00dcRKIYE** [19]\n\n201,437\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025\n\n#### **7. How many refugees and migrants have returned to** **their countries of origin in South-West Asia?**\n\n\n\nSince the announcement of the Illegal Foreigners\nRepatriation Plan (IFRP) in September 2023, 1.1 million\nAfghans have returned from Pakistan to Afghanistan as\nof 30 June 2025. This includes 89,400 individuals\ndeported by Pakistan \u2013 51 per cent of the total returns\nwere women and girls. Available information indicates\nthat at least 17 per cent of the returnees have crossed\nback into Pakistan, based on UNHCR\u2019s protection return\nmonitoring. The same survey reveals that while male\nreturnees see gradual economic improvement, women\nface worsening barriers, deeper vulnerabilities, and\ngrowing food insecurity. This contrast underscores the\nfragile reintegration progress and the urgent need for\ntargeted support to the return areas.\n\n\n\nMen\u2019s wages and employment improve over time, likely\nbecause humanitarian assistance transitions to laborbased income. Employment rises by 14 per cent within\nsix months of return. These gains are linked to better\nlocal integration and improved access to labor market\ninformation. Men, in particular, experience these gains,\nwith wages in male-headed households increasing by 14\nper cent on average.\n\n\nWomen, however, are excluded from these benefits with\ntheir wages declining and employment rates dropping,\nreinforcing gender inequalities. Female-headed\nhouseholds face a 22 per cent drop in wages and\nemployment falls below 40 per cent, widening gender\ngaps. Women earn 17 per cent less than men and face\n\n\n\n18 [Annual Regional Overview 2023 \u2013 Missing Migrants Project](https://missingmigrants.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl601/files/publication/file/2023 MMP Asia Pacific - Annual Regional Overview_0.pdf)\n19. Source: Republic of T\u00fcrkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded deaths and\ndisappearances", - "confidence": 0.9069279432296753, - "start": 48, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5590845346450806, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.9249909520149231, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nrestricted access to essential services. Only 25 per cent\nhave mobile phones (vs. 95 per cent of men), and 20\nper cent lack national IDs (vs. 5 per cent of men).\n\n\nAt the household level, debt and food insecurity rise\ndespite men\u2019s improved employment. 89 per cent of\nreturnee families are in debt\u2014a 13 per cent increase in\nsix months. Over half face food insecurity, worsening by\n8 per cent overall and nearly 10 per cent for femaleheaded homes. These issues show that economic gains\nare not meeting rising basic needs.\n\n\nDespite challenges, over 94 per cent of returnees\nintend to stay in their current communities, signaling\nthat these returns are not temporary. But without\ngender-responsive support and inclusive economic\nopportunities, rising debt and exclusion will continue to\nundermine resilience\u2014especially for vulnerable groups.\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection interviews conducted\nwith returnees from Pakistan between May and October\n2024, [20] over 60 per cent of the issues identified in all\ninterviews are related to restrictions for women and\ngirls. From Iran, almost a quarter of a million Afghan\nrefugees and people in a refugee-like situation were\nestimated to have returned to their country in 2024.\n**Two-thirds of women and girls interviewed reported**\n**that they have concerns upon return to Afghanistan**\n**due to restrictions placed upon females.** The main\nconcern is restrictions on unaccompanied movements\nby women and girls; especially highlighted by single\nwomen/women-headed households. These concerns\nare less common among men (expressed by 16per cent\nof respondents), but when expressed they tend to stress\nthe limitations on their daughter\u2019s access to education.\nA significant number of Afghan returnees in the first half\nof 2025 are persons who are at heightened risk who\nare likely to be in need of international protection, in\naccordance with the risk profiles presented in UNHCR\u2019s\nGuidance Note on Afghanistan.\n\n**PROFILE OF AFGHAN RETURNEES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFrom Iran, between January 2023 and 30 June 2025,\nthere have been a total of 4 million returns, out of which\n2.4 million were deportations. In 2023 and 2024 the\nsignificant majority of the total returns \u2013 74 per cent were individuals while 26 per cent were family cases.\nSince the beginning of 2025, there have been\nsignificant shifts in the proportion of returnees traveling\nas families (54 per cent in quarter 2) rather than\nindividuals (46 per cent in quarter 2). Afghans of Tajik\nethnicity constituted 43 per cent of those returning from\nIran.\n\n\nAfghans and other nationalities from Asia also face risk\nof deportations from T\u00fcrkiye, following interception and\nidentification of being in the country irregularly. 66,000\nAfghans were thus apprehended in 2024. [21]\n\n\nAccording to the Presidency of Migration Management\u2019s\n(PMM), T\u00fcrkiye, a total of 66,534 [22] Afghans were\ndeported from T\u00fcrkiye to Afghanistan in 2022. In\naddition, in the first ten months of 2023, 28,734 [23]\nAfghans were deported.\n\n\nAccording to PMM, in 2024, 9,000 applicants were\nregistered for international protection. Among those,\n5,550 applicants (61 per cent) were of Afghan origin.\n\n\n\n\n\nFemale\n\n\n\n\n\nTajik\n\n\n\nFemale\nheaded\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUzbek\n\n\n\n\n\nMale\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nheaded\n\n\n\n\n\n20 Based on systematic sampling. UNHCR Afghanistan: Post return monitoring report. [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112147](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112147)\n21 [Government of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Interior, Irregular migration statistics.](https://en.goc.gov.tr/irregular-migration)\n22. [https://www.goc.gov.tr/sinir-disi-119817](https://www.goc.gov.tr/sinir-disi-119817)\n23. [https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Haber/Detay?Id=63482949-af94-4a00-bcc9-018bb2856e7f](https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Haber/Detay?Id=63482949-af94-4a00-bcc9-018bb2856e7f)\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection interviews", - "confidence": 0.990404486656189, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9094924330711365, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.8523223996162415, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7225111722946167, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post return monitoring report", - "confidence": 0.9879606366157532, - "start": 630, - "end": 634 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8924944400787354, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.871817409992218, - "start": 627, - "end": 628 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9540454745292664, - "start": 628, - "end": 629 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7919058799743652, - "start": 686, - "end": 687 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "applicants", - "confidence": 0.7777963876724243, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Irregular migration statistics", - "confidence": 0.95159512758255, - "start": 647, - "end": 650 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Government of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Interior", - "confidence": 0.5400257706642151, - "start": 639, - "end": 646 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5443503260612488, - "start": 686, - "end": 687 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n#### **8. How many refugees have sought asylum in the** **European Union after having travelled along the South-** **West Asia Route?**\n\n\n\nIt is not always possible to determine the exact route\ntaken by refugees applying for asylum in Europe. Data\noffers valuable insights into overall flow, and their\nlinkages with conditions in countries of origin, including\nconflict, economic crises, natural disasters, and other\ndrivers of forced displacement or migration.\n\n\nAccording to Eurostat, in 2024, Afghan nationals\nsubmitted the second highest number of first-time\nasylum applications in the EU+ [24] after Syrians, with a\ntotal of approximately 77,200. Strikingly, around 40 per\ncent of these applicants were children under 18 years of\nage (including more than 6,250 unaccompanied\nchildren), and roughly one in three was female. In\ncontrast, first time applications from Bangladeshi\n(41,235) and Pakistani (20,225) nationals were\noverwhelmingly male and adult-dominated, with men\naged 18-34 years of age accounting for most claims.\nIranian applicants (9,385) presented a more balanced\nage and gender distribution, with significant\nrepresentation across adult age brackets and a higher\nproportion of female applicants compared to other\nnationalities.\n\n\nIn 2024, Afghan nationals accounted for the second\nhighest number of first-instance asylum decisions in the\nEU+ after Syrians, with nearly 94,000 decisions and a\nrecognition rate of 60 per cent, [25] reflecting the\ncontinued international protection needs of this\npopulation. Iranian applicants also recorded a\ncomparatively high recognition rate of 40 per cent out\nof almost 11,000 decisions, consistent with ongoing\nreports of political and human rights-related\npersecution. In contrast, Bangladeshi and Pakistani\nnationals faced significantly lower recognition rates \u2013 4\nper cent and 12 per cent respectively \u2013 despite\n\n\n\nsubstantial decision volumes (over 24,600 and 17,800),\nunderscoring the expected disparities in protection\nneeds based on country of origin.\n\n\n**RECOGNITION RATES**\n\n\n\n100,000\n\n\n80,000\n\n\n60,000\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nAfghanistan Bangladesh Iran Pakistan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**ASYLUM APPLICATIONS OF AFGHANS IN THE EUROPEAN**\n**UNION***\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n_*Source: Eurostat data providing applications and decisions trends. Asylum_\n_applications are likely much higher than arrivals, due to multiple applications and_\n_new applications of people already present on the territory irregularly. Data_\n_extracted on 26 March 2025._\n\n\n\n24 European Union 27 Member States, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.\n25 The recognition rate is calculated excluding stay permits granted on humanitarian ground from positive decisions.\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n\nFollowing the Taliban takeover, the recognition rate of\nAfghan asylum applications in 2021 rose to 64 per cent\n(38 per cent refugee status and 26 per cent subsidiary\nprotection), a substantial increase from 48 per cent (20\nper cent refugee status and 28 per cent subsidiary\nprotection) in 2020. Despite fluctuations in subsequent\nyears, the recognition rate in 2024 **remains relatively**\n**high at 60 per cent**, with 55 per cent granted refugee\nstatus and five per cent subsidiary protection. The data\nalso shows a noticeable shift in the form of protection\ngranted by the receiving EU+ countries following the\ntakeover in 2021, with a stronger emphasis on granting\nrefugee status for Afghan applicants.\n\n\n\n**FIRST-INSTANCE ASYLUM DECISIONS IN EU+ (2024)**\n\n\nRejected\n\nHumanitarian status\n\n\nRecognition rate\nRefugee Status\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n#### **9. How many Afghan refugees have fled again from** **Afghanistan after being compelled to return?**\n\n\n\nIn 2024, there were 315,000 returnees from Pakistan to\nAfghanistan, of which 17 per cent are reported to have\nre-entered Pakistan, potentially indicating new or\ncontinuing protection concerns in Afghanistan that\nprompted re-entry. [26] A significant proportion (49 per\ncent) of those deported from Iran and Pakistan, have\nfled from Afghanistan more than once, with at least 11\n\n\n26 UNHCR Post returns monitoring survey.\n27 UNHCR border monitoring.\n\n\n\nper cent fleeing over three times. [27] Afghans fleeing\npersecution in Afghanistan may not have been able to\nregister their asylum claims upon arrival in the country\nof asylum in the absence of national asylum systems\nand/or due to constraints existing with regards to access\nto registration.\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FIRST-INSTANCE ASYLUM DECISIONS IN EU+", - "confidence": 0.7975573539733887, - "start": 144, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EU+", - "confidence": 0.7839849591255188, - "start": 121, - "end": 123 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9203187823295593, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9092572331428528, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n#### **10. What are the options/third-country solutions** **available for refugees who travel along the South-West** **Asia Route?**\n\n\n\nThe number of Afghans departing for resettlement has\nincreased progressively over the past five years;\nhowever, this trend is unlikely to continue given the\nreduction in resettlement quotas, which in 2025 have\nfallen to their lowest level in two decades.\n\n\nThe United States of America, Australia, Canada and the\nUnited Kingdom are the top resettlement countries for\nAfghans, accounting for 85 per cent out of the 19,000\nAfghans resettled globally from 2020 to 2024. The\nremaining 15 per cent have been resettled in the\nEuropean Union+ and New Zealand. In 2024 alone,\n8,494 Afghans were resettled.\n\n\nOwing to the recent changes in US foreign policy,\nresettlement programmes have been severely affected.\n38 per cent of the Afghans resettled in the past five\nyears were to the US. This trend is not expected to\ncontinue.\n\n\nFrom 2020 to 2024, UNHCR recorded departures of\nsome 11,400 Afghan refugees on complementary\npathways, including community and private sponsorship,\nhumanitarian visas, family reunification, labour mobility\nand education pathways, most notably to Canada (more\nthan 7,600), Australia (more than 2,000) and the US\n(more than 900), with just 3 per cent departing to\nEuropean countries.\n\n\n\n**AFGHANS RESETTLED GLOBALLY BY YEAR**\n\n\n\n8,494\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n**AFGHANS TRAVELLING GLOBALLY BY COUNTRY**\n\n\nEuropean Union+\nand New\nZealand\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**AFGHANS TRAVELLING THROUGH COMPLEMENTARY**\n**PATHWAYS**\n\n\n5,941\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n## **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\nThe 10 datasets and thematic areas presented in this paper inform evidence-based decision-making and the design\nand delivery of flexible and adaptable programming to meet the critical needs along the SW Asia Route. To achieve\nthe aims of the Panoramic/Route-Based Approach, UNHCR proposes concrete measures and recommendations, for\nall the six pillars, that can be jointly implemented together with States and other international, regional and national\nstakeholders.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n\n**REGIONAL BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RBAP) & REGIONAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE (RBE) |** JULY 2025 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### ~~**A Panoramic/Route-Based Approach**~~\n# REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM SOUTH-WEST ASIA TO EUROPE\n\n### July 2025\n\nCover photo: Khadija Amin is an Afghan journalist and refugee living in Spain. On 15 August\n2021, she was a news presenter on national television in Kabul. When the Taliban regained\ncontrol, Khadija's life was in immediate danger. With the assistance of a Spanish journalist, she\nfled to Spain, leaving behind her family and everything she knew. \u00a9 UNHCR/\u00c9bano Stories\n\n\n**Regional Bureau for Aisa and the Pacific (RBAP)**\n**Regional Bureau for Europe (RBE)**\n\n\n_This report is published by UNHCR, in collaboration with the SSAR Support_\n\n_Platform under the Chairmanship of the Kingdom of the Netherlands._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a3975e5-1681-503d-b201-948c2b01c028/Refugees%20and%20migrants%20from%20South-West%20Asia%20to%20Europe%20July%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_607/raw/doc_607_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_607/raw/doc_607_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bd8f266c483f3592f8b91df0903e25d8ce964357..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_607/raw/doc_607_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,327 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR** **THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS AND AREAS** **OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR** **PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE** **CHANGE AND DISASTERS** **Report on Regional Consultations**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n\n1. BACKGROUND 3\n\n\n2. APPROACH AND PARTICIPATION\n2.1. Approach 4\n2.2. Participation 5\n\n\n3. FINDINGS\n3.1. Impact of climate change and disasters on protection issues 5\n3.2. Proposed Guidance on Preparedness for Protection in the context\ndisasters & climate change 12\n3.2.1 Current most used sources of guidance on protection-related issues used at field level 12\n3.2.2 What are the gaps in terms of Guidance? 12\n3.2.3 Who are the key target audiences for Guidance? 13\n3.2.4 List up to three important topics /issues you feel guidance on these issues should cover 13\n3.2.5 How and in what format do you think information should be best presented? 14\n\n\n4. OBSERVATIONS AND NEXT STEPS 15\n\n\nAnnex 1: Topic Guide used in Bilateral Calls 16\nAnnex 2: Topic Guide used in Regional Calls 17\nAnnex 3: Participation Lists \u2013 Regional and Bilateral Consultations 18\n\n\n_COVER:_\n_A road made impassable by floodwaters near the Kafia site for displaced people in Baga Sola, Chad. \u00a9 UNHCR/Sylvain Cherkaoui._\n_21/10/2021_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Flooding displaces hundreds of thousands across the country. 06/09/2020. \u00a9 UNHCR/Boubacar Younoussa Siddo_\n\n# 1. BACKGROUND\n\n\nPreventing and preparing for internal displacement during armed conflict is notoriously difficult. In\ncomparison, the predictable, cyclical, or slow-onset nature or geographic location of many hazards,\nsuch as hurricane or cyclone season, volcanic eruptions, or droughts, means that much can be done to\nreduce the risk of disaster displacement and associated protection risks before a disaster occurs through\ndisaster risk reduction (DRR), preparedness, anticipatory action approaches, climate change adaptation\nand development measures that address the underlying causes of displacement and tackle underlying\nvulnerability. Even in situations where climate change may result in increasingly unpredictable and\nextreme events, building response capacity and resilience may significantly mitigate impacts.\n\n\nThe Global Protection Cluster (GPC) is committed to ensure that field Protection Clusters, Areas of\nResponsibility (AoRs) and partners are prioritizing protection concerns to avoid protection gaps that\nwould negatively affect vulnerable communities through ensuring appropriate preparedness measures.\n[This is further outlined in the GPC\u2019s Strategic Framework 2020-2024 in which the GPC commits to meet](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/strategic-framework-2020-2024/)\nthe challenges to make protection actions contextually appropriate and complementary. This includes\nthe importance of joint analysis to achieve effective and appropriate protection outcomes especially in\nmixed climate response and situations affected by violence.\n\n\nTo take forward these commitments, the GPC recruited a consultant (for a 4-month period) to facilitate\ntargeted consultations on preparedness in the context of climate change and disasters with field\nProtection Clusters and AoRs in Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Middle East as well as with relevant\nstakeholders with expertise in climate change and disaster risk reduction. Following this, it is intended\nthat draft guidance on preparedness for protection will be developed and shared for field protection\nclusters and partners.\n\n\nThis short report is a summary of the consultations that took place in July and early August 2021 and\nhighlights the key issues that arose and the implications for the development of the Guidance.\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 2. APPROACH AND PARTICIPATION\n\n**2.1. APPROACH**\n\n\nFollowing initial meetings with William Chemaly (Senior Global Protection Cluster Coordinator) and\nNancy Polutan-Teulieres (Senior Protection Officer, Head of Policy & Standard Setting), it was agreed to\nadopt a phased approach to the consultation process. This was as follows:\n\n\n(a) **Bilateral calls with Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) members, Global AoR Leads, DRR Specialists**\n**and several Lead Coordinators/Deputy Coordinators at the country level.** The primary purpose of\nthese calls was to gain initial insights into issues related to climate change and disasters and protection\nconcerns as well as thoughts on Guidance requirements and issues related to content, format, structure,\nand delivery platforms, etc. A Topic Guide was developed to use in these discussions. _A copy of the Topic_\n_Guide is attached at Annex 1._\n\n\n(b) **Regional consultations with Protection Clusters and AoRs.** Based on the discussions above a total\nof six regional consultations were arranged and held between 28 July and 05 August 2021. These were\narranged and invitations to attend made considering: time zone differences, number of potential countries\nof focus and language differences. The six consultations covered: Africa (Francophone), Africa (other),\nMiddle East and North Africa (MENA), Asia, Pacific, and Americas. The consultations lasted approximately\n90 minutes with discussions broken into two parts; (Part 1), a discussion on the impacts of climate change\nand disasters on protection issues based on responses to a series of questions and, (Part 2), the gathering\nof participants\u2019 views on priorities for guidance and formats etc. using Google Jamboards. _A copy of the_\n_Topic Guide used is attached at Annex 2._ Details related to participation can be found in section 2.2.\n\n(c) **Document collection and review.** Running\nin parallel to the above key documents related to\nclimate change, natural hazards and protection\nconcerns were also gathered. These include\npolicy documents and frameworks, technical\nstudies and papers, case studies and examples\nfrom the field and existing guidelines and\nassessment instruments. [1] These have been\nlogged and summarised and placed in a simple\ndocument repository. As well as informing\nthis process, it is hoped that these will prove\n\n_Maryama Abdi Wa\u2019ays, an internally displaced woman in_ useful as reference documents moving forward.\n_Somaliland, was forced to move to Wajaale district with her family_ Document collection and review is ongoing, but\n_due to the severe drought: \u201cWe moved here with my three kids and_\n_husband, and with other two families from our area, all the way from_ the current list is available on request (and in the\n_the east and now in the west of the country. We have been here for_ Shared Drive for colleagues with access) with\n_few weeks now. We moved with 80 sheep, and now they are getting_\n_fewer and fewer with time\u201d. 30/06/2017. \u00a9 UNHCR/Mustafa Saeed_ over 50 documents recorded.\n\n\n1 Examples include: Guidance on Multi Risk Assessment for Children in Disasters by Plan International [Guidance on Multi Risk Assessment for Children](https://plan-international.org/multi-risk-assessment-children-disasters)\n[in Disasters by Plan International and Disaster Displacement:](https://plan-international.org/multi-risk-assessment-children-disasters) [How to Reduce Risk, Address Impacts and Strengthen Resilience by UNDRR and NRC](https://www.undrr.org/disaster-displacement-how-reduce-risk-address-impacts-and-strengthen-resilience)\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Google Jamboards", - "confidence": 0.9356666207313538, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.851909339427948, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.2. PARTICIPATION**\n\n\nA total of 91 individual respondents (55 female, 36 male) participated in consultations in July and\nearly August 2021 in bilateral calls or one of the six regional consultations (a few people joined both\ncalls/meetings as they helped mobilise participants for regional calls). 18 countries with activated\nfield protection clusters participated and 22 different organisations took part. In the figure below\na visual representation of respondents is shown grouped by region and agency/institution. Further\ninformation on participation in bilateral and regional consultations can be found at Annex 3. [2]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# 3. FINDINGS\n\nKey findings related to the consultation process are highlighted in this section. In Section 3.1.\nfindings on the impact of climate change and disasters on protection issues, and the implications for\npreparedness and response, are considered. In Section 3.2. views on proposed Guidance are reported.\n\n\n**3.1 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS ON PROTECTION ISSUES**\n\n\nIn the table below issues raised in relation to key questions asked are grouped and summarised.\nWhere appropriate specific points made at regional level or by AoR are also flagged.\n\n\n2 \u201cOther\u201d included the Platform for Disaster Displacement, the Myanmar Red Cross, and the Yemeni Red Crescent\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Table 1:Summary Table of Key Points made by respondents in relation to questions on impact of climate change and disasters on protection issues_\n\n\n\n|Climate Change impacts and types of hazards|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Cyclones/Hurricanes: \u2013 said by Pacifc, Asia, Africa (coastal) and central
America/Caribbean respondents to be occurring with increasing frequency
and intensity. Impacts include loss of life, property and infrastructure
damage and damage to food security (with loss of livelihoods, livestock, and
fooding/contamination of land).
\u2022\t
Storm intensity and severity: respondents, in all areas, also highlighted
severity of storms and intensity of rainfall when it does occur resulting in
Flooding (with attendant risks in terms of infrastructure and livestock/crop
damage and contamination of water/disease etc). Flood risks related to
both storm surge of sea water and river/water catchment fooding as well
as following intense rainfall (highlighted particularly in parts of MENA and
Africa-Sahel). Landslides also highlighted as a growing risk associated with
heavy rainfall and environmental degradation \u2013 unplanned settlements etc.
Several respondents also mentioned risks associated with lightning strikes
(fres and mortality/morbidity) associated.
\u2022\t
Droughts/reduced rainfall: raised across all regions \u2013 particularly emphasised
in calls in Africa and MENA \u2013 impacts on livelihoods and population
movements (increasing movement in terms of search for pasture etc. and
rural-urban movements). Important to note that prolonged dry spells /
seasonal rainfall disturbances and consequent food security/livelihood
impacts reported in all regions. Water (potable and for irrigation) shortages
and resultant impacts reported by some regions particularly MENA and Horn
of Africa \u2013 Sahelian countries.
\u2022\t
Extreme heat highlighted as creating challenges related to fres, health risks
etc. Temperature rises also highlighted as cause of increasing risks related to
vector borne disease in some locations (e.g., highland malaria, dengue etc.).
\u2022\t
Earthquake and volcanic hazards: highlighted as major risks and challenges
in areas which are geologically prone.|_\u2022\t_
_(Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya Teams):_ Locust infestation of 2020 in East/Horn
of Africa has also been linked to changes in climate.
\u2022\t
(Pacifc) Highlighted challenges associated with sea level rise including
salinisation and impacts this is likely to have on vegetative cover and food
production as well as land loss etc.
_\u2022\t_
_(Syria, Yemen, and Iraq)_Noted growing challenges associated with water
shortages across the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region leading to
\u201ca cascade of problems\u201d \u2013 including population movements and internal
displacement in some areas.|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 6\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5540206432342529, - "start": 274, - "end": 275 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Groups and Individuals in vulnerable situations/requiring protection|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Most respondents said that** groups most likely to be impacted continue**
**to be those most likely to be vulnerable in other scenarios** \u2013 including
confict and security-related risks. These included groups / individuals
who were poor, children, people with disabilities, those from social,
economically, and politically marginalized groups, this may include the
elderly as well as indigenous groups and those who depend heavily on
natural resources such as farmers, pastoralists, fsherfolk etc. acknowledged
to be already living in poorer housing / locations more likely to be
impacted -less ability to cope.
\u2022\t
\u201cIt is sometimes said that disasters don\u2019t discriminate but in reality, they
usually do \u2013 impacts much more likely to be severe on those who are poor,
marginalised \u2013 in other ways vulnerable.\u201d
\u2022\t
Another way of looking at it would be to say that hazards don\u2019t
discriminate \u2013 but disasters do as disaster = hazard/vulnerability /exposure.
\u2022\t
Pointed out that specifc contexts and geographical location / exposure to
hazard main determinant of risk. In some setting\u2019s geographical locations
and groups were impacted diferently to those afected by other types of
risks or main impacts may sometimes be on groups not targeted in main
humanitarian operations (e.g., host communities).
\u2022\t
Extent to which events or hazards impacts on social structures and
cohesion (including whether they cause displacement) was noted by
several respondents as major factors in protection risks \u2013 for example risk
of GBV etc. When the social structure is relatively intact protection risks are
signifcantly reduced in most cases.
\u2022\t
Impacts of disaster events on marginalised and excluded groups important
to consider \u2013 including those who may fnd it difcult to access services or,
for example, use of communal shelters without being at risk from increased
violence. This will be context specifc, but may include ethnic, religious, or
sexual minorities.|_\u2022\t_
_(Yemen and Afghanistan)._Important to note that some groups may be
impacted on multiple occasions by diferent events \u2013 including natural
hazards and confict \u2013 including multiple displacements.
_\u2022\t_
_(Afghanistan)_(natural hazard) Disaster-related IDPs generally tend to stay
closer to the places of origin whereas confict-induced displacement may
result in longer travel e.g., to other cities, provinces.
_\u2022\t_
_(Pacifc)_ Increasing climate change-related migration leading to changes in
vulnerability and risks associated with GBV.
_\u2022\t_
_(Pacifc)_Local CSO member of PC commented on challenges associated
with sexual minorities feeling more at risk and exposed following cyclones
\u2013 issues related to communal shelters and access to services and support.|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Protection in preparedness planning and anticipatory action|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Several respondents pointed out that major opportunities for mapping
of natural hazards and afected populations exist and that this is an area
of potentially increased interest and focus. This is happening to some
extent with humanitarian and response plans at country level and in some
cases response plans have become much better at predicting needs and
planning responses \u2013 but respondents note that more work is needed to
get Protection issues better incorporated in terms of recognising specifc
risks to some groups (e.g., PWD) and mainstreaming protection into
plans etc. \u201cProtection often needs to be at the heart of the response, but
inclusion of protection is not always efective in contingency planning\u201d.
It was noted that as it is not always seen as a lifesaving activity by some it
can be a struggle to ensure protection is included in contingency plans.
Protection actors need capacity-building on preparedness planning and
anticipatory action.
\u2022\t
Importance of regular updating / re-analysis of mapping and risk
plans stressed. Risks change, but sometimes the plans are not updated
accordingly. Challenges can also be presented by high impact/low (short
term) probability events as these may not receive adequate attention and
planning \u2013 yet when they do occur may have devastating consequences.
\u2022\t
Data defcits / lack of clarity related to defnitions highlighted as a
challenge by some respondents. Compatibility of systems and data
exchange can be an issue in some contexts and diferences in defnitions
used can create challenges.
\u2022\t
Important need for preparedness and response to maintain focus on
human security at group and individual level \u2013 debates can become
focused on national security/defense which can create additional
challenges and risks.|_\u2022\t_
_(Somalia Team)_Noted that it is one of the pilot countries for CERF
Anticipatory Action (AA) Funding: In the frst round of the CERF AA pilot
in 2020 the UNHCR/Protection Cluster (excluding AoR) received $300,000
which was 2% of the overall funding available. In the second round of CERF
AA in 2021, UNHCR/Protection Cluster received $500,000 of the overall
$20 million allocation. UNFPA/GBV AoR and UNICEF/CP AoR received $1.1
million. So, the total the Protection Cluster and AoRs received was $1.6
million which was 8% of the total funds allocated. It was difcult for the
Protection Cluster and AoR activities to be included in the AA framework
because they did not meet the \u201edefnition\u201d of preparedness. A revision of
the AA framework is now in process in Somalia.
_\u2022\t_
_(AoR \u2013 Global and MAG)._Increasing focus on issues \u2013 hazards related to
foods (uncovering materiel etc.) but also risks associated with lightning/
storms and rising temperatures/heatwaves etc.|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 8\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data defcits", - "confidence": 0.7246485352516174, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7801536321640015, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Opportunities for new partnerships and localisation etc.|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional)/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Respondents recognised the need to work more closely with a range
of actors on issues related to climate and adaptation \u2013 including on
protection issues. Noted that in some instances challenges surrounding
getting protection on agenda can be that of ensuring that local/national
counterpart on issues related to social protection and gender etc. has a
seat at the table/feld presence in same way as other parts of national and
local Governments (e.g., public works etc) can be a challenge.
\u2022\t
Several respondents noted that there was both a need and opportunities
for more engagement with national actors in terms of protection and
the localisation agenda \u2013 putting national actors at the forefront ofers
opportunities for empowerment of local people and groups and ensuring
contextually appropriate responses etc.
\u2022\t
Capacity-building of local partners fagged as an issue requiring ongoing
attention and support \u2013 including on protection-related issues. Several
respondents noted that this needs to be done in a considered and
sustained manner \u201cnot just as one-of trainings\u201d- more use of coaching and
mentoring approaches over time highlighted. Should include women-led
organizations.
\u2022\t
Several respondents noted that dialogue that had to take place in relation
to COVID-19 impacts and response has in some cases created opportunities
for new partnerships and interactions on some issues. Bringing people
together for dialogue on natural hazards and risks may in some cases be
easier than on security/confict \u2013 and at same time can help create space
for communication and work on issues of common concern.
\u2022\t
\u201cSometimes we see an urgent need to respond and do so without thinking
through how best to work with local groups and reinforce local structures\u201d.
\u2022\t
Importance of involving communities, including children, youth, and
women, in planning and preparedness measures. Children often have
diferent perspectives on risk which can provide valuable insights.|_\u2022\t_
_(Philippines Team)_Dialogue on disaster preparedness with local authorities
and civil society has helped to strengthen collaboration and partnerships
with a range of actors and has provided new opportunities for networking
and access to expertise.
_\u2022\t_
_(Americas Team)_Provided an example of where an earthquake response in
Ecuador in 2016 provided an opportunity for dialogue with the authorities
on broader protection issues (e.g., ID cards) that led to increased
cooperation and space to help refugees access services.
_\u2022\t_
_(Mali)_- LTPRN (Housing Land Property and Natural Resources) working
group in Mali (activated last year) is an opportunity to talk more about
topics related to climate change as it is a forum where humanitarian and
development actors meet. Also, they talked about housing, land, natural
resources, and other topics that might be impacted by climate change.|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 9\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Lessons Learned from Practice (including Do No Harm)|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Discussion about the need for more dialogue across the Humanitarian
Development Peace Nexus (HDP-N), particularly with development actors
\u2013 always some risk that humanitarian response can in some instances
erode resilience and create perverse incentives etc. For cyclical events, it is
clearly important to look for sustainable and locally-led solutions \u2013 easy to
become stuck in cyclical responses which are not addressing underlying
issues and challenges etc.
\u2022\t
Importance of involvement of communities in planning and dialogue
was stressed \u2013 including in early warning mechanisms and systems as
well as discussions on return/durable solutions in cases of disaster related
displacements.
\u2022\t
Sudden onset events (in particular) can attract new organisations
(including in protection) that are not as familiar with the local context.
Arrival of new actors can disrupt the local protection balances and
sometimes put the security situation at risk/exacerbate challenges.
Understanding local context is critically important to managing risks
associated with inappropriate interventions / stakeholder engagement.
\u2022\t
Importance of establishing minimum standards and protocols on some
issues fagged - including counselling, referral pathways for survivors of
GBV etc.
\u2022\t
Land Tenure and access and impacts of disaster and climate change on
this and vulnerability now receiving more attention. Dynamics related to
this is important to understand \u2013 including on who needs to be involved
in dispute resolution and land tenure and rights within diferent contexts
\u2013 important to examine both formal legal frameworks as well as issues
related to customary tenure. Vulnerable groups often have little access to
formal justice systems \u2013 costs can be prohibitive and depending on the
context they may be discriminatory in practice.
\u2022\t
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has been used to pilot and fund
Anticipatory Action approaches (Monsoon foods in Nepal and Bangladesh)
\u2013 protection inputs would appear to have been relatively limited but follow
up on lessons learned etc. could be useful.|_\u2022\t_
_(Ethiopia team)_Discussed and provided examples of community based
EWS /messaging used in drought afected areas.
\u2022\t
(Americas Team) Gave an example of a situation in Nicaragua after
Hurricane Mitch where application of diferent plans and standards and
competition between agencies created inequalities among afected
populations or with other local communities.
_\u2022\t_
_(Somalia)_Cyclical displacement is an issue in many urban centres as
privatized land is sold or used for other projects/construction, including
urban expansion, \u2013 infrastructure, etc. This results in spontaneous evictions
with development projects becoming a driver of evictions in urban areas.
_\u2022\t_
_(GBV Global AoR)_ Flagged new guidance note on GBV in Emergencies (see
document repository).
_\u2022\t_
_(Child Protection AoR_) UNICEF has done some interesting work on child
participation in risk mapping (see document repository).|\n\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Slow onset hazards \u2013 attention and focus|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Several respondents noted that impacts of longer-term changes to
weather patterns and recurrent drought may sometimes be missed until
humanitarian impacts / erosion of livelihoods and coping mechanisms
become severe and reach a tipping point. Impacts are often cumulative
with individual and community coping strategies gradually exhausted
and resilience weakened etc. Forced migration (including internal
displacement) and negative coping strategies may create profound
protection challenges.|_\u2022\t_
_(Niger)_ Drought is being considered for inclusion in 2022 HRP - OCHA
has launched response / anticipation planning. (Mali) Contingency
plan developed by the clusters (under the lead of OCHA + government.
(Myanmar) Emergency preparedness plans are developed at the inter-
cluster level led by OCHA for natural hazards.|\n|Climate Change / Natural Hazards \u2013 Confict and Security \u2013 Linkages and Issues|Climate Change / Natural Hazards \u2013 Confict and Security \u2013 Linkages and Issues|\n|Common Themes / Points Raised|Specifc Points raised (Regional/Country/AOR)|\n|\u2022\t
Potentially destabilising impacts of climate change and natural hazards
noted by most respondents and the fact that negative efects of confict/
insecurity and natural hazards may exacerbate each other in terms
of environmental impacts and challenges related to livelihoods and
competition for natural resources etc \u2013 water, arable land etc.
\u2022\t
Housing Land and Property (HLP) AoR may provide a natural entry point for
examining synergies between confict and natural resources - land confict
and natural resources areas of contention in some contexts.
\u2022\t
In areas afected by illegal armed groups and criminal gangs and with
governance challenges disaster events may provide opportunities to
further exploit situations and extend control \u2013 community structures used
to control level of violence may be weakened after disaster events/natural
shocks.|_\u2022\t_
_(West Africa and South Sudan)_Examples discussed of where erosion of
livelihoods due to drought potentially leading young people (young men
in particular) to be at increased risk of recruitment into armed groups
and where fooding has disturbed normal migration patterns putting
communities at potential risk of confict over land use/pasture etc.|\n\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.2. PROPOSED GUIDANCE ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE**\n**CONTEXT DISASTERS & CLIMATE CHANGE**\n\n\nRespondents in both bilateral and regional consultations were asked five questions related to what\nthey felt should be included in Guidance, as well as what formats and approaches it might best take.\nIn the regional consultations, participants were asked to provide notes and comments in the form of\n[written points using a series of Google Jamboards or the chat function as a means of encouraging](https://jamboard.google.com/u/0/)\nparticipation and promoting further discussion. In this section the main responses and key issues\nrelated to each question are identified.\n\n\n**3.2.1 Current most used sources of guidance on protection-related issues used at**\n**field level**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 2: Sources of guidance reported by respondents_\n\n\nKey sources of current Guidance mentioned by respondents are highlighted above. The extent to\nwhich specific guidance is available is highly context specific and variable. Many respondents did\nmention that they currently draw quite heavily on available guidance from the IASC/GPC as well as\nfrom UNDRR and the Red Cross etc.\n\n\n**3.2.2 What are the gaps in terms of Guidance?**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 3: Perceived Gaps in Guidance_\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Google Jamboards", - "confidence": 0.8752282857894897, - "start": 83, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.7410323023796082, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "There are several perceived gaps in current Guidance on Protection at field level, although again this\nis highly context specific. This includes a need for some guidance and narrative around common\ndefinitions and language on issues related to climate change, natural hazards, and disasters and\nhow to ensure protection issues are appropriately considered. Currently differing definitions are\nsometimes used, and this can create some confusion. Any Guidance produced should include a\nsimple list of definitions used drawing on both protection and DRR expertise and experience.\n\n\n**3.2.3 Who are the key target audiences for Guidance?**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 4: Perceived Gaps in Guidance_\n\n\nThere was quite wide-ranging debate on who constituted the key target audience for the Guidance. To\nsome extent this was again dependent on context and whether people saw any document as primarily\nproviding technical advice or whether it was also intended to support advocacy and sensitisation\nefforts with key donors and other partners. The importance of localisation and appropriate support\nto capacity building of local stakeholders was emphasised.\n\n\n**3.2.4. List up to three important topics /issues you feel guidance on these issues**\n**should cover**\n\n\nRoles and Stakeholder\nDefinitions & Terminology Planning and Assessment\nAnalysis\n\n\n\nBest Practice/Examples\n\n\nGender and Gender-Based\nViolence\n\n\n\nDurable Solutions Early Warning/Prevention\n\n\nInternational Frameworks\nAdaptation and Resilience\n& Links\n\n\n\n_Figure 5: Important topics flagged by respondents_\n\n\nRespondents were asked what they felt were some of the most important topics that the guidance\nshould cover. Key issues that were frequently flagged and mentioned are highlighted above.\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.2.5. How and in what format do you think information should be best presented?**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 6: Suggestions on formats and platforms to be used_\n\n\nRespondents held a range of views on what formats and types of platform/delivery mechanisms\nshould be used for the guidance. Mixed approaches were recommended by most respondents with\nuse made of printed materials and checklists as well as electronic material (possibly in html format)\nthat could be accessed online e.g., via the GPC or other websites. Several people suggested that\nGuidance is likely to have more impact if complementary materials such as a toolkit and IEC materials\nare also available, so that the Guidance could be used for training and sensitisation purposes. Most\npeople felt that lengthy documents should be avoided, and more use made of visual materials and\nbest practice/case examples.\n\n\n_An ambulance drives through floodwater in Mulongwe in the city of Uvira, South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo_\n_(DRC). 17/04/2020. \u00a9 UNHCR/Moses Yope Madjaga_\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 4. OBSERVATIONS AND NEXT STEPS\n\nWith over 79 people consulted covering all regions across 18 countries and 20 organisations the process\nwas both broad and inclusive. There are a few follow up calls still underway with DRR and climate\nchange experts and with a few people who could not participate in the scheduled calls.\n\n\nOverall, there is a recognised need for a Guidance on Preparedness for Protection in the Context of\nClimate Change and Disasters across the regions. When considering content and how to now put\nthis together a few specific points can be highlighted for further discussion and attention during the\ndrafting process.\n\n\nConciseness/length: any document or material produced needs to be kept as short as possible.\nThat said there is also a desire for it to include and cover a range of topics and issues, as highlighted\nabove. Balancing length with scope will continue to be a challenge moving forward. One way\nof dealing with the challenges above will be to ensure that throughout the document other\nmaterial and sources of information are appropriately referenced and signposted. For electronic\nversions, this should include making extensive use of hyperlinks etc. to allow the reader/user to\neasily access other, more in-depth information on topics of interest.\n\n\nTranslation: Several respondents highlighted the importance of the guidance being available in\nat least French. Arabic, and Spanish as well as English and that this should be considered within\nbudget planning.\n\n\nCentrality of Protection: Several respondents reported some challenges in ensuring that\nprotection received appropriate attention during discussions on contingency and humanitarian\nresponse plans. Given this, it will also be important for the Guidance to highlight issues related to\nthe Centrality of Protection as highlighted in the IASC Principals statement of 2013 and the Rights\nup Front Plan of Action.\n\n\nScope and audience: Respondents also expressed quite a wide range of views related to the\nscope of the Guidance as well as the intended target audience. It is always a challenge for any\ndocument of this type to cover all requirements and potential audiences. It is anticipated that\nthe primary users of the Guidance will be the core members/agencies of the field Protection\nClusters and that the Guidance should therefore be mainly directed towards protection staff\nworking at this level. However, given that, many respondents suggested that access to a range of\nmaterials and information that could be used in working with partners. It is therefore suggested\nthat running alongside the core guidance it could be useful to have a toolkit containing other\nmaterials that could be used for a variety of purposes including developing locally appropriate\nIEC materials, capacity building, and Training of Trainers activities.\n\n\nFormats: As highlighted in 3.2.5 above, mixed formats and approaches will need to be used\nwith emphasis on appropriate use of infographics and tabular presentation of information. It is\nnoted that many respondents felt that case studies and examples are particularly useful ways of\nillustrating points and explaining issues.\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.8084474802017212, - "start": 525, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8446470499038696, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# ANNEX 1: TOPIC GUIDE USED IN BILATERAL CALLS\n\n**Roles**\n\n\n} Overview of Cluster Activity, partners, and structure (if applicable) and functions and\npriorities\n\n\n} Views main impacts /concerns Climate Change/ Disasters & Protection\n\n\n} Affected populations\n\n\n} Impacts on displaced and populations who may not be able to move\n\n\n} Wider communities\n\n\n} Types of natural hazard and shocks seen \u2013 evolving issues?\n\n\n} Responses \u2013 same or different partners? \u2013 capacity and capability issues?\n\n\n} Local/national ownership and responses re: HDP-N \u2013 opportunities and challenges?\n\n\n**Vulnerability**\n\n\n} Existing concepts and definitions of vulnerability \u2013 do they still fit in these circumstances?\n\n\n} Any surprises in terms of groups impacted \u2013 persons of concern?\n\n\n} Impacts other hazards \u2013 e.g., conflict and security \u2013 challenges/opportunities?\n\n\n**Status Current Guidance**\n\n\n} Views on gaps related to protection\n\n\n} Sources of advice and guidance - current\n\n\n} Examples of best practice\n\n\n} Formatting/platforms/delivery?\n\n\n} Key Target audiences\n\n\n} Cluster roles related to preparedness\n\n\n**Regional Consultations**\n\n\n} Thoughts on any groups/individuals to include country/regional level?\n\n\n} Useful discussion points\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# ANNEX 2: TOPIC GUIDE USED IN REGIONAL CALLS\n\n**Part A: Guided Discussion on impacts of climate change and disasters on**\n**protection issues**\n\n\n} What is the range of impacts and types of natural hazard seen across your region?\n\n\n} In your experience are the groups and individuals impacted largely the same as those\nwe are seeing affected by conflict or security related risks or are you seeing important\ndifferences? Related to this what are the key protection challenges faced by these groups?\n\n\n} Anticipatory action and preparedness planning \u2013 to what extent do you think this is\ncurrently happening and are protection issues being considered and mainstreamed into\nplans? What are the gaps?\n\n\n} Are there opportunities for new partnerships and ways of working on protection\nchallenges \u2013 particularly with local stakeholders \u2013 what are they?\n\n\n} Can you think of examples of potential or actual responses where humanitarian or\ndevelopment actors have risked doing / or have done further harm due to the type of\nresponse initiated?\n\n\n} What should be the lessons learned from a protection perspective?\n\n\n} Slow onset hazards \u2013 as humanitarians, do we pay enough attention to these in terms of\nearly warning and preparedness?\n\n\n} Conflict and natural hazard / climate change synergies and dynamics \u2013 are these being\nseen in your area and what are they? Implications for protection?\n\n\n**Part B: Responses to questions on guidance using Google Jamboards**\n\n\n} What are current most used sources of guidance on protection related used at field level by\nthe clusters and partners?\n\n\n} What are the gaps in terms of guidance related to preparedness for protection on climate\nchange and disasters?\n\n\n} Who are the key target audiences for guidance on protection and climate change and\ndisasters?\n\n\n} List up to three important topics /issues you feel guidance on these issues should cover\n\n\n} How and in what format do you think information should be best presented?\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# ANNEX 3: PARTICIPATION LISTS \u2013 REGIONAL AND BILATERAL CONSULTATIONS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Location|Organisation|No. Participants /Gender|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Location**|**Organisation**|**Male**|**Female**|**Total**|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|GPC|3|2|5|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|DRC|1||1|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|IOM|1|1|2|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|Mines Advisory
Group|1|1|2|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|NRC|2|1|3|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|OCHA||1|1|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|OHCHR||2|2|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|Platform
for Disaster
Displacement|1||1|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|UNFPA||3|3|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|UNHCR||2|2|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|UNICEF|1||1|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|UNMAS||3|3|\n|**A. Global/HQ**|WFP||1|1|\n|Subtotal (A)|Subtotal (A)|10|17|27|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|DRC|1||1|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|Halo Trust||1|1|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|IRC||2|2|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|NRC|1||1|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|Procap|1||1|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|UNFPA|1||1|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|UNHCR|6|4|10|\n|**B. Africa A:**
**(Ethiopia,**
**Mozambique,**
**Somalia, South**
**Sudan, Sudan)**|UNSOM|1||1|\n|Subtotal (B)|Subtotal (B)|11|7|18|\n|**C. Africa B**
**(Burundi, Mali,**
**Niger)**|DRC||1|1|\n|**C. Africa B**
**(Burundi, Mali,**
**Niger)**|NRC||1|1|\n|**C. Africa B**
**(Burundi, Mali,**
**Niger)**|UNFPA||1|1|\n|**C. Africa B**
**(Burundi, Mali,**
**Niger)**|UNHCR|1|6|7|\n|**C. Africa B**
**(Burundi, Mali,**
**Niger)**|UNICEF||1|1|\n|Subtotal (C)|Subtotal (C)|1|10|11|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Location|Organisation|No. Participants /Gender|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Location**|**Organisation**|**Male**|**Female**|**Total**|\n|**D. Americas**
**(Colombia,**
**Honduras,**
**Regional Ofces)**|Halo Trust||1|1|\n|**D. Americas**
**(Colombia,**
**Honduras,**
**Regional Ofces)**|NRC|1||1|\n|**D. Americas**
**(Colombia,**
**Honduras,**
**Regional Ofces)**|UNHCR|3|2|5|\n|Subtotal (D)|Subtotal (D)|4|3|7|\n|**E: Asia**
**(Afghanistan,**
**Myanmar,**
**Philippines)**|Myanmar Red
Cross|2||2|\n|**E: Asia**
**(Afghanistan,**
**Myanmar,**
**Philippines)**|NRC||1|1|\n|**E: Asia**
**(Afghanistan,**
**Myanmar,**
**Philippines)**|OCHA||1|1|\n|**E: Asia**
**(Afghanistan,**
**Myanmar,**
**Philippines)**|UNFPA||2|2|\n|**E: Asia**
**(Afghanistan,**
**Myanmar,**
**Philippines)**|UNHCR|1|5|6|\n|Subtotal (E)|Subtotal (E)|3|9|12|\n|**F: MENA**
**(Iraq, Syria,**
**Yemen, Regional**
**Ofces)**|NRC|1||1|\n|**F: MENA**
**(Iraq, Syria,**
**Yemen, Regional**
**Ofces)**|OCHA||1|1|\n|**F: MENA**
**(Iraq, Syria,**
**Yemen, Regional**
**Ofces)**|Syrian Society
for Social
Development|1||1|\n|**F: MENA**
**(Iraq, Syria,**
**Yemen, Regional**
**Ofces)**|UNHCR|2|2|4|\n|**F: MENA**
**(Iraq, Syria,**
**Yemen, Regional**
**Ofces)**|Yemen Red
Crescent|1||1|\n|Sub-Total (F)|Sub-Total (F)|5|3|8|\n|**G: Pacifc**|Rainbow Pride|1||1|\n|**G: Pacifc**|UNDRR|1|1|2|\n|**G: Pacifc**|UNICEF||1|1|\n|**G: Pacifc**|UNFPA||1|1|\n|**G: Pacifc**|UN Women||2|2|\n|**G: Pacifc**|WHO||1|1|\n|Subtotal (G)|Subtotal (G)|2|6|8|\n|Grand Total|Grand Total|36|55|91|\n\n\nDEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR THE FIELD PROTECTION CLUSTERS\nAND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ON PREPAREDNESS FOR PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebcbec16-8b4f-398e-9f59-d1f23e851ca1/Regional-Consultations-Report-on-Development-of-Guidance-on-preparedness-for-protection-in-the-context-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_608/raw/doc_608_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_608/raw/doc_608_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0f1adfa0c6a247d41c718ebc7358b06ef8e4dd76..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_608/raw/doc_608_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,870 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n# **POLAND**\n## **Joint Protection Analysis**\n### **October 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n\nIntroduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\nMethodology ....................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\nProfile ................................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\nAccommodation ................................................................................................................................. 7\n\n\nPriority needs ...................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\nStatus and documentation ................................................................................................................ 9\n\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) related risks, including Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)\n\n............................................................................................................................................................ 10\n\n\nMental health and psychosocial well-being.................................................................................. 11\n\n\nProtection risks affecting children .................................................................................................. 12\n\n\nProtection risks linked to employment .......................................................................................... 15\n\n\nHuman trafficking related risks ...................................................................................................... 16\n\n\nMinority groups ................................................................................................................................. 17\n\n\nRecommendations ........................................................................................................................... 18\n\n\nOrganizations contributing .............................................................................................................. 22\n\n\nContact us ......................................................................................................................................... 22\n\n\n1 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **Introduction**\n\n\nSince the beginning of the escalation of war in Ukraine on 24 February 2022, UNHCR\nPoland, together with Protection Sector partners, has been actively monitoring\nprotection risks affecting refugees fleeing the hostilities. As part of its continuous efforts\nto strengthen protection analysis and joint advocacy, the Protection Sector worked with\npartners in the initial phase of the Ukraine emergency and the first joint interagency\nproduct was published in May 2022. [1] A second joint product, issuing recommendations\non the application of the Temporary Protection Directive in Poland, was published in\nDecember 2022. [2] The Protection Monitoring Task Force, established in March 2023,\naims to harmonize protection monitoring tools, join efforts on data collection and\nproduce joint analysis.\n#### **Methodology**\n\n\nThe information below includes contributions and analysis from the Association for\nLegal Intervention, Central Roma Council, CLEAR Global, the Danish Refugee\nCouncil, European Lawyers in Lesvos, Halina Niec Legal Aid Centre, IOM\n(International Organization for Migration), the International Orthodox Christian\nCharities, International Rescue Committee, Oxfam, Polish Medical Mission, the\nNorwegian Refugee Council, Towards Dialogue Foundation, UN Women and\nUNHCR. [3]\n\nIn 2023, UNHCR conducted a total of 18,161 interviews in several regions of Poland,\nin which 3,911 (22%) respondents were recently arrived refugees who had crossed\nthe border within the last 30 days.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn addition to Protection Monitoring data, this report includes findings from seven\nfocus-group discussions with 37 refugee women and men from Ukraine and service\nproviders, along with 25 key informant interviews within an age range of 20 to 68,\nfacilitated by UNHCR and partners as part of a GBV safety assessment.\n\n\n1 [Document - Poland: Protection Analysis (May 2022) (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92598)\n2 [Recommendations on the application of the Temporary Protection Directive in Poland (December 2022) - Poland |](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/recommendations-application-temporary-protection-directive-poland-december-2022)\n[ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/recommendations-application-temporary-protection-directive-poland-december-2022)\n\n\n2 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9749233722686768, - "start": 294, - "end": 297 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6109148263931274, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.5757837891578674, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9497593641281128, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "recently arrived refugees", - "confidence": 0.5017669200897217, - "start": 277, - "end": 280 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus-group discussions", - "confidence": 0.8070006370544434, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5716951489448547, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9033263325691223, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee women and men", - "confidence": 0.6404411196708679, - "start": 308, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nThese consultations were also complemented using observational checklists. The\nvarious counterparts that took part in the consultations ranged from municipal staff,\npsychologists, faith-based actors, adolescent and child-care facility educators, experts\n(anti-trafficking, PSEA, Roma inclusion and persons with disabilities), advocates, as\nwell as staff in collective accommodation shelters. During the same exercise, UNHCR\ntogether with partner organization staff, Protection Monitors, and volunteers, held\ntwelve Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with refugee children aged 10 to 17 and their\ncaregivers, and four Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), to find out more about various\nrisks, challenges, and opportunities that refugee children face in their host\ncommunities. In total 58 children took part in this exercise (35 girls and 23 boys).\n\nIn May 2023, IRC conducted 19 individual interviews (qualitative) with refugees from\nUkraine aged 12-17 in Warsaw and Katowice. In the final sample, twelve girls and\nseven boys participated in the individual interviews, eleven participants aged 12-14,\nand nine participants were 15-17 years old.\n\nProtection monitoring interviews are frequently conducted at collective sites and\ndistribution points with the aim to assist the most vulnerable, thus findings from the\ninterviews may be biased towards those most at risk. See below disaggregation by\nplace of interview and place of residence of respondents.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "observational checklists", - "confidence": 0.976794421672821, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.8276774883270264, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5589978694915771, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7178062200546265, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.7387686967849731, - "start": 97, - "end": 100 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.5626428723335266, - "start": 104, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.5009647011756897, - "start": 116, - "end": 119 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IRC", - "confidence": 0.6946673393249512, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6220223903656006, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "individual interviews", - "confidence": 0.6483508944511414, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IRC", - "confidence": 0.5653212666511536, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7663217782974243, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.8730891942977905, - "start": 213, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "P a g e\nPOLAND", - "confidence": 0.6567870378494263, - "start": 264, - "end": 269 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.6092104911804199, - "start": 268, - "end": 269 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nProtection incidents related to status and documentation, were collaboratively\ncollected through incident monitoring initiatives conducted by UNHCR and Protection\nSector partners, including European Lawyers in Lesvos, Towards Dialogue\nFoundation, the International Orthodox Christian Charities, the Central Roma Council,\nthe Norwegian Refugee Council, and the Association for Legal Intervention.\n\nThe incident monitoring endeavors were designed to identify and document protection\nincidents, affecting individuals in relation to the withdrawal of their temporary protection\nstatus (and subsequent deactivation of PESEL UKR) and the associated social\nsecurity entitlements. The primary objective of these efforts was to support evidencebased advocacy and establish response mechanisms and referral pathways for\nindividuals facing protection risks, ensuring that they receive appropriate follow-up\nfrom relevant authorities. These protection incidents were collected from June 2023 to\nAugust 2023 through in-person interactions during service provision conducted by\nUNHCR and protection partners, mainly by legal aid providers and protection monitors.\nData was collected in accordance with UNHCR data protection principles.\n#### **Profile**\n\n\nFor this report, we refer to _new arrivals_ as persons who reported to have arrived in\nPoland between 1 January \u2013 30 June 2023. _Early arrivals_ refers to persons who\narrived in Poland in the period of 24 February 2022 \u2013 30 June 2022.\n\nBased on data findings from protection monitoring exercises, family size and\ndependency indicates that large families, including single mothers with dependents,\nand families with members suffering from medical conditions were more prevalent in\nthe early phases of displacement, while there is a significant increase of prevalence of\nsingle adults among those who have arrived more recently. More recently arrived\nrefugees may have been able to cope with uncertainties, limited access to services\nand insecurity in conflict areas for longer but are increasingly unable to face the\nmultifaceted impact of the war in Ukraine.\n\nData indicates that 14% of those interviewed are elderly persons (over the age of 60\nyears old) living on their own. Additional focus on this group, including with an aim to\nidentify the availability of community support networks and specific risks affecting this\ngroup, is required to ensure that the humanitarian response mitigates protection risks,\npromotes inclusion, and meets psychosocial needs potentially arising from isolation of\nelderly persons.\n\nRegarding risks of disability, 51% of the families interviewed reported to have at least\none member who reported difficulties as per the Washington Group Questions [4], which\nhas reduced to 40% for new arrivals.\n\n\n4 [The Washington Group on Disability Statistics, WG Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS)](https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/)\n\n\n4 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection incidents", - "confidence": 0.8873332142829895, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9795825481414795, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.9070116877555847, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7516098618507385, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "incidents", - "confidence": 0.7026995420455933, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6780624985694885, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8912124037742615, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.8565863370895386, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7131783962249756, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "the Washington Group Questions", - "confidence": 0.5217457413673401, - "start": 448, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.573695182800293, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WG Short Set on Functioning", - "confidence": 0.6365020871162415, - "start": 475, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "The Washington Group on Disability Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5619868636131287, - "start": 468, - "end": 474 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.8353266716003418, - "start": 463, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Early
Arrivals|New
Arrivals|\n|---|---|---|\n|Average household size|**2.5**|**2.2**|\n|Families with at least one member disability related risks
(Washington Group Questions)|**51%**|**40%**|\n|HHs with at least one member with serious medical
condition|**26%**|**18%**|\n|1 person HHs|**24%**|**42%**|\n|HHs with elderly living alone|**14%**|**14%**|\n|HHs with single female caregiver|**44%**|**26%**|\n|HHs with child(ren)|**60%**|**39%**|\n|HHs with persons 60+|**31%**|**24%**|\n|HHs with only females|**46%**|**47%**|\n\n\n5 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n**Areas of origin by date of arrival to Poland**\n\n\n24 February 2022 \u2013 31 March 2022 1 April 2022 \u2013 30 June 2022\n\n\n1 July 2022 \u2013 30 September 2022 1 October 2022 \u2013 31 December 2022\n\n\n1 January 2023 \u2013 31 March 2023 1 April 2023 \u2013 30 June 2023\n\n\nThe correlation between areas of origin and date of displacement reflects the regions\nmost affected by the ongoing war in Ukraine. As indicated in the Protection Analysis\nissued by the Protection Cluster in Ukraine in July 2023, Donetska, Luhanska,\nZaporizka and Kharkivska oblasts in the East are at the centre of the war, with areas\nof the Khersonska, Odeska and Mykolaivska oblasts in the South also impacted. [5]\n\n\n5 [Protection Cluster Ukraine, Protection Analysis Update, June 2023.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-protection-analysis-update-unabated-violations-against-civilians-increase-impact-protection-risks-population-june-2023-enuk)\n\n\n6 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **Accommodation**\n\n\nAmong newly arrived refugees interviewed, 27.8% live in collective sites provided by\nthe authorities or privately owned accommodation, 16.6% are hosted by friends or\nrelatives, 10.3% lack a place to stay at the time of the interview, and 10.3% are in\ngovernment or privately owned hotels or hostels.\n\nAccommodation remains one of the top three priority needs for new arrivals (34.1%),\nfollowed by employment (33.6%) and material assistance (31.9%). In contrast, most\nearly arrivals are likely to have already secured housing and gained a certain degree\nof self-reliance, and prioritize material assistance, followed by medical care and\nemployment.\n\n\n7 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **Priority needs**\n\n\n**Refugees who arrived between 24 February 2022 \u2013 30 June 2022 (early arrivals)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Refugees who arrived between 1 January 2023 \u2013 30 June 2023 (new arrivals)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRegarding information needs, the three priorities reported are information about\naccess to financial aid (which includes government benefits and subsidies as well as\ncash assistance programs implemented by humanitarian actors), access to the labor\nmarket and medical services. While registration for temporary protection is a rather\nstraightforward and decentralized process, mostly managed by municipalities, 20% of\nthose interviewed report the need for information on their legal status. Interviews with\nrefugees indicate that both uncertainties around the extension of Temporary Protection\nand incidents relating to the withdrawal of status and deactivation of PESEL UKR could\n\n\n8 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nbe factors for this need to still feature so prominently among both early and new arrivals\n(See below Section on Status and Documentation).\n\n|Information need|Overall|Early Arrivals|New Arrivals|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Financial aid|45%|46%|43%|\n|Job opportunities|29%|27%|32%|\n|How to access medical care|24%|25%|22%|\n|My legal status in this country|20%|20%|23%|\n|Where to find accommodation
|17%|14%|23%|\n|How to obtain documentation and related
rights|14%|13%|17%|\n|
How to access education
|12%|10%|13%|\n|How to access counselling/psychological
support|8%|7%|9%|\n|
How to re-establish contact with relatives|2%|2%|3%|\n|How to claim asylum|2%|1%|3%|\n|Other|4%|5%|3%|\n|Don't know|6%|5%|8%|\n|Prefer not to answer|0%|0%|1%|\n|None / no information needed
|19%|18%|22%|\n\n\n#### **Status and documentation**\n\n\nProtection Sector members have continued to observe numerous cases of unlawful\nwithdrawal of temporary protection and the subsequent deactivation of PESEL UKR,\naccompanied by an increasing confusion among refugees around the reasons and the\nprocedures to reactivate the status.\n\nAs stipulated in Article 11 of the Special act on assistance for Ukrainian refugees,\ncommonly referred to as the Special Act, temporary protection can indeed be\nwithdrawn for stays outside Poland exceeding 30 days, or when an individual benefits\nfrom temporary protection in another EU Member State. Consequently, PESEL UKR\nstatus is automatically changed to PESEL NUE, denoting the status of a foreigner who\nis neither a citizen of an EU Member State nor a family member of an EU citizen (as\nper Art. 4.17a of the Special Act). Reactivating this status to PESEL UKR entails\ndifferent procedures depending on the specific circumstances. [4]\n\nBetween June and August 2023, the Protection Sector documented 91 protection\nincidents out of 95 incidents reported concerning the deactivation of PESEL UKR\nstatus and the subsequent withdrawal of temporary protection, along with one rejection\nfor registration for temporary protection, due to the expiration of the 30-day registration\nperiod (Art. 4.2 of the Special Act, as amended in January 2023).\n\nThe incidents predominantly affected Ukrainian citizens falling within the scope of the\nSpecial Act from the Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Ma\u0142opolskie, \u015al\u0105skie, Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie,\nPodkarpackie, and Opolskie regions. The instances recorded included temporary\nprotection holders whose PESEL UKR status was deactivated despite stays outside\nof Poland lasting less than 30 days (50 incidents), or without leaving Poland at all (four\nincidents). Additionally, in four instances of deactivation, temporary protection holders\nwere recorded as tourists during border checks.\n\n\n9 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nNotably, in most incidents, refugees had their PESEL UKR deactivated without any\nstated reasons (65 incidents). Indeed, most of the respondents only became aware of\nthe deactivation after their social assistance was discontinued or healthcare services\nwere denied (47 incidents). Refugees learned about the deactivation mainly verbally\n(29 incidents) from Local Social Welfare Centers (MOPS, GOPS, 14 incidents), the\nSocial Insurance Institute (ZUS, 6 incidents), municipalities (6 incidents), healthcare\nservice providers (5 instances) and Border Guards (2 instances). Importantly, this\ninformation was often provided only after refugees approached these entities, and\nwithout a decision being issued by the competent authorities.\n\nOrganizations have provided legal assistance, referring refugees deprived of their\nstatus to the relevant municipal authorities as well as to Border Guards, resulting in\nswift registration as temporary protection holders and restoration of their status.\nDespite this, it was noted that restoration of social benefits often takes months\nfollowing the re-activation of status, enhancing vulnerabilities and risks of the affected\nrefugees. Major consequences reported by persons whose status was deactivated\nincluded loss of financial benefits, including PLN 500+, a state monthly financial grant\nfor families with children, (85 incidents) [6], the inability to access the healthcare system\n(26 incidents), accommodation (three incidents) and education (three incidents). As a\nresult, concerns were raised among refugees about leaving Poland, even briefly,\nfearing withdrawal of temporary protection and its associated rights.\n\nConcerns on the deactivation of PESEL UKR status and its far-reaching impact on the\nbenefits tied to temporary protection status were also raised by the Polish\nCommissioner for Human Rights. [7] In response to these concerns, on 3 August 2023\nthe Polish Government emphasized that temporary protection holders must present a\nvalid residence permit (diia.pl) and declare humanitarian grounds when re-entering\nPoland. [8]\n#### **Gender-based violence (GBV) related risks,** **including Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)**\n\n\nAccording to information gathered by humanitarian organizations during safety\nassessments conducted in 2022 and 2023, GBV risks for refugees in Poland were\nidentified mostly in relation to securing accommodation and finances/livelihoods.\nFurthermore, the sector identified remaining knowledge and information needs on\navailability and accessibility of multi-sectorial GBV services alongside structural\nbarriers against accessing these services such as capacity of service providers and\nlanguage barriers.\n\nChallenges in securing private or collective accommodation arrangements were mainly\nlinked to fear of eviction, limited awareness of rights, reduced ability to access\ninformation, and power imbalances between property owners and tenants. Such\n\n\n6 It is important to note that during Parliamentary questions in July 2023, it was highlighted that the 500+ benefit was\n[ceased in case of approx. 140.000 refugees from Ukraine from 1 June 2022 to 31 May 2023: Odpowied\u017a na](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n[interpelacj\u0119 nr 40924 w sprawie problem\u00f3w obywateli Ukrainy dotycz\u0105cych nieuzasadnionej utraty \u015bwiadczenia](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n[wychowawczego (Answer to question no. 40924 on the problems of Ukrainian citizens regarding the unjustified loss](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n[of child-raising allowance), 7 July 2023.](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n7 [Letter from the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights, dated 16 June 2023.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/rpo-pelnomocnik-uchodzcy-ukraina-status-ukr-utrata-wyjazd-ponowne) The Polish Commissioner also raised\n[concern in an initial letter dated 8 March 2023.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/sites/default/files/2023-03/Do_pelnomocnik_uchodzcy_status_UKR_8.03.2023.pdf)\n8 [Letter from Polish Government in response to the letter from the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights, 3 August](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/rpo-ukraina-uchodzca-status-ukr-mswia-wyjasnienia)\n[2023.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/rpo-ukraina-uchodzca-status-ukr-mswia-wyjasnienia)\n\n\n10 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nchallenges were reported to increase risks of GBV including SEA against diverse\nrefugee populations including female headed households.\n\nGBV risks including sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) were also reported to be\nelevated amongst refugee communities in connection to financial insecurity,\nunfamiliarity with the national employment system, language barriers affecting the\nunderstanding of rights, and increased caregiving burdens experienced mainly by\nwomen and girls. Refugees who faced additional discrimination and/or stigma, such\nas refugees of Roma origin, persons with diverse sexual orientation, gender identities,\nexpressions and sex characteristics (SOGIESC), as well as persons with disabilities,\nface a heightened risk and require focused support.\n\nAddressing these identified risks and challenges require collaborative efforts from\ngovernment authorities and humanitarian organizations with active involvement of\nlocal women and refugee-led organizations across all sectors. Going forward, the\nmainstreaming of GBV risk mitigation for identified risks across all sectors will be\ncrucial to ensure the safety and well-being of refugees, especially women and girls\nmaking up 64% of the refugee population in Poland [9] .\n#### **Mental health and psychosocial well-being**\n\n\nIn a report published by WHO in December 2022, 10% of respondents reported that\nemotions and stress caused problems with daily functioning, and over half of those\n(56%) said they would benefit from mental health support [10] .\n\nA September 2023 report from Save the Children and IMPACT initiatives highlighted\nthat children in Poland reported loneliness and worry about missing their families,\nfriends and pets left behind in Ukraine. The report highlighted that for children, their\nfamily, particularly mothers and friends, were the most trusted adults for seeking\nsupport. The main needs children identified for themselves was to have better access\nto extra-curricular activities, especially sports, and more leisure time. Although psychosocial concerns affected children\u2019s and caregivers\u2019 wellbeing negatively, the report\nfound that only a few children and caregivers sought out access to mental health and\npsychosocial services (MHPSS). However, more than any other group, adolescent\ngirls indicated that they wanted to talk to a psychologist, but they did not know how to\ncontact one or stated that their parents disapproved [11] .\n\nCaregivers furthermore express concerns about the mental health and well-being of\nchildren, particularly adolescents given the uncertainty of their future. The IRC child\nprotection monitoring initiative found that a sense of isolation and insufficient\nintegration in Polish society, arising mainly from a lack of language proficiency and\npresumed cultural differences, which lead to limited contact with Polish peers, is one\nof the key risks affecting the wellbeing of children. This, along with difficulties to remain\nin contact with friends in Ukraine or other countries, contributes to a sense of\nloneliness.\n\nThe public health system, on the other hand, has proven to have limited capacity to\nabsorb the increasing demand. Therefore, long waiting times are reported, particularly\n\n\n9 [Otwarte Dane, Detailed statistics on persons registered in the register of citizens of Ukraine and members of their](https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715,zarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/51354/table)\n[families, September 2023.](https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715,zarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/51354/table)\n10 [WHO, Survey on Mental Health of Ukrainian Refugees in Poland, December 2022.](https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/19-12-2022-new-research-reveals-how-war-related-distress-affects-mental-health-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-poland)\n11 [Save the Children and Impact Initiatives, Experiences, Needs and Aspirations of Children Adolescents and](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/experiences-needs-and-aspirations-of-children-adolescents-and-caregivers-displaced-from-ukraine/?_ga=2.129760588.1113878315.1695721795-1619300919.1691836973&_gl=1*y7ufu5*_ga*MTYxOTMwMDkxOS4xNjkxODM2OTcz)\n[Caregivers displaced from Ukraine, September 2023.](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/experiences-needs-and-aspirations-of-children-adolescents-and-caregivers-displaced-from-ukraine/?_ga=2.129760588.1113878315.1695721795-1619300919.1691836973&_gl=1*y7ufu5*_ga*MTYxOTMwMDkxOS4xNjkxODM2OTcz)\n\n\n11 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.568938672542572, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9201553463935852, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.7744761109352112, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.6715865731239319, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.7717946767807007, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6171454191207886, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9864822626113892, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8809630870819092, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\naffecting psychiatric services for children and adolescents, which is a critical need.\nLanguage and cultural barriers are also often reported by respondents in relation to\nthe public health system.\n\nLimited availability of MHPSS, including for specialized mental healthcare remains one\nof the main risk factors for refugees from Ukraine. Based on available reports, women\nand older people experience the most anxiety as the situation protracts, with potential\nto resort to harmful coping mechanisms.\n\nInformation needs around MHPSS also continue to be a gap, with persons with\ndisabilities reported to face additional challenges vis-a-vis accessing information and\nservices. This is further exacerbated by stigma surrounding MHPSS, which will require\nconcerted efforts to promote trust and bonding amongst community members.\n#### **Protection risks affecting children**\n\n\nAccording to the Government of Poland, children represent approximately 40% of all\nrefugees from Ukraine registered in Poland under Temporary Protection status, and\nhave specific protection and developmental needs.\n\nThe key issues refugee children face in Poland were identified as access to the\nnational education system, instances of reported discrimination, and limited access to\nspecialized services, especially for children with disabilities.\n\n\n12 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS", - "confidence": 0.8233667016029358, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.6913972496986389, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6433918476104736, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6009715795516968, - "start": 68, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLimited availability of places in public kindergartens is reported to be hindering access\nto early childhood education for younger children. During focus group discussions\nseveral caregivers with children with disabilities reported difficulties finding\nrehabilitation services and psychological help for their children due to lack of\nspecialized services or available places.\n\nPoland has a system of compulsory education for all children residing on Polish\nterritory from ages 6-15, and an obligation for children to follow at least part-time\neducation from ages 15-18. However, in March 2022, the Government of Poland\nissued a ministerial decree [12] exempting Ukrainian children from compulsory education\nif parents sign a declaration that their children attend online education according to the\nUkrainian curriculum. Refugee children from Ukraine can therefore be enrolled in\nPolish schools, follow online education according to the Ukrainian curriculum or follow\na combination of face to face and online education.\n\nSchool aged children who reported attending both formal Polish education as well as\nonline education according to the Ukrainian curriculum reported during focus group\ndiscussions with UNHCR that their reasons for choosing this option was to be better\nintegrate into Polish society and make friends whilst at the same time being prepared\nfor potential return in the future. However, children also reported feeling overwhelmed\nattending Polish school in the daytime and online learning in the evenings.\n\nMost refugee children in Poland are not enrolled in the Polish education system.\nAccording to data from the Centre for Citizenship Education (\u2018CEO Foundation\u2019), at the\nend of the 2022/23 school year, less than half of refugee children from Ukraine were\nenrolled in Polish schools, with 78% of secondary school aged children remaining\noutside the Polish education system. [13] Concerns in relation to isolation and a lack of\nsocial networks were reported by children following online education according to the\nUkrainian curriculum.\n\nFurthermore, almost 10,000 refugee children dropped out of the Polish education\nsystem over the course of the 2022 - 2023 school year, with 144,228 children enrolled\nin October 2022 to 134,673 children enrolled in April 2023 [14] . CEO foundation showed\nthat enrolment of secondary school children in particular, dropped by 8% from October\n2022 to April 2023. [15]\n\n\n12 [Ministerial Decree dated 21 March 2022.](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20220000645/O/D20220645.pdf)\n13 [Centre for Citizenship Education (CEO), Ukrainian Refugee Students in the Polish Education System, April 2023.](https://ceo.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CEO_ukrainian_refugee_students_april_2023-ENG.pdf)\n14 [Otwarte Dane, Statistics on children from Ukraine in Polish schools.](https://dane.gov.pl/pl)\n15 _Ibid_ ., fn 13.\n\n\n13 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics on children from Ukraine in Polish schools", - "confidence": 0.7110001444816589, - "start": 467, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Otwarte Dane", - "confidence": 0.6258614659309387, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8639538288116455, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8624328374862671, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6231791377067566, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.7313063740730286, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nParents and caregivers of children enrolled in Polish schools reported that their\nchildren are sometimes separated from their Polish peers and placed in Ukrainian\nclasses, taught by Polish teachers. A growing trend of separation and two communities\nfunctioning apart has been observed in Polish schools through the establishment of\n\u201cforeign classes\u201d or seating refugee children together, apart from their Polish peers. [16]\nThese approaches, if sustained, pose a barrier to inclusion and leave little room for\nsocial cohesion. Children also highlight instances of bullying and stigmatization in their\nhost communities and at school.\n\nThe risks described above are heightened for refugees who face additional\ndiscrimination and/or stigma, such as refugee children of Roma origin. The lack of\nstable access to accommodation, compounded with the language differences, the\nlimited capacities of the Polish school system to absorb refugee children as well as the\nlack of Roma school mediators have been identified as some of the main barriers to\ninclusion in the national education systems by Roma-led organizations. This, along\nwith the reluctance of some Roma parents to enroll their children in the national system\ncreates an environment where the risks of having children out of school for long periods\nis exacerbated.\n\nReports indicate that children say that their main needs are better access to Polish\nlanguage classes and to extra-curricular activities, especially sports, and more leisure\ntime while caregivers emphasized their children most urgently need access to\nextracurricular activities, followed by healthcare services, education and childcare.\nFurthermore, costs, information barriers, as well as long waiting times and availability\nof staff were cited by caregivers and service providers as the key obstacles against\naccessing services.\n\nThe IRC child protection monitoring initiative also identified parental neglect as a key\nrisk affecting the wellbeing of children. Some of the interviewed children admitted being\nneglected by their parents/caregivers, for being too overwhelmed with work or other\nroutine activities, or not showing any interest in children\u2019s problems for other reasons,\nsuch as their own concerns related to discrimination, lack of livelihoods and uncertainty\nabout the future. Parental neglect combined with financial needs, in its turn, leads to\npremature transition to adulthood. Several interviewed adolescents (aged 15-17) were\ninterested in finding employment to support their families financially. Psychological\nconsequences of displacement, isolation and parental neglect, such as eating and\nsleeping problems, anxiety, feeling of loss, and uncertainty about the future have been\nobserved among children. At the same time, some children also reported a positive\nchange since they arrived in Poland. They feel happier and healthier compared to how\nthey felt in Ukraine.\n\n\n16 [CEO, Refugee Students in Polish Schools, September 2023.](https://ceo.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Report_Refugee_Students_In_Polish_Schools_CEO_09_2023.pdf)\n\n\n14 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **Protection risks linked to employment**\n\n\nSwift access to status, documentation and the labor market for refugees from Ukraine\nhas substantially reduced labor related protection risks when compared to other\nrefugee populations [17] . However, the impact of displacement on employability and\naccess to qualified jobs is substantial and should not be underestimated, as well as\nthe potential risks for labor exploitation faced by those most in need.\n\nAccording to an NRC survey conducted in February 2023 [18], the largest single share of\nrespondents (49%) indicated that work has been their main source of income, followed\nby savings (34%) and humanitarian assistance (27%).\n\nFor those employed, UNHCR Protection monitoring data shows a dramatic decrease\nin employment rate prior and after displacement for refugees between 19 and 59 years\nold, moving from 76% to 57% for refugees who have attained higher education. For\nthe same group, unemployment rose from 4% to 22% after displacement, affecting\nequally men and women interviewed within this age group.\n\nAccess to childcare services remains key to allow single parents with young children\nto take up employment. As most arrivals from Ukraine are women with children, often\nfleeing without their partners, the availability of adequate and affordable childcare is a\nprecondition for refugee women\u2019s socio-economic integration [19] .\n\nWhile acknowledging that interviews were mostly conducted with adult women given\nthe profile of the population, the impact of displacement on employment seem to affect\nadult men more, with men more often unemployed after displacement (28% for men\nvs 21% for women) and less often employed/self-employed (53% vs 57%). According\n\n\n17 [OECD, What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women?, May 2023.](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/bb17dc64-en.pdf?expires=1695725356&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3B373B5834EC621C60A02F6CEB58EE85)\n18 [NRC, Hidden Hardship: One Year Living in Forced Displacement for Refugees from Ukraine, February 2023.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/hidden-hardship-one-year-living-forced-displacement-refugees-ukraine)\n19 _Ibid_ ., fn 17.\n\n\n15 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NRC survey", - "confidence": 0.9893186688423157, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9845411777496338, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NRC", - "confidence": 0.9571136236190796, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.5142874717712402, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9441569447517395, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6761523485183716, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9920827150344849, - "start": 152, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6674826145172119, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9342265725135803, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nto protection monitoring data, refugee men are more likely to find online or remote jobs\n(13% vs 11%) or run a business (5% vs 2%), and less likely to find employment in\nperson compared to women of the same age and qualifications (35% vs 44%).\n\nFor respondents aged 40-59, the impact of displacement is more significant, with an\n83% employment rate before the war, which decreased to 48%. The difference is only\npartially explained by the increase of individuals engaged in family responsibilities\n(from 7% to 13%) and relates mostly to difficulties finding a job, with unemployment\nincreasing from 4% prior displacement to 27% in Poland post displacement.\n\nLimited access to employment opportunities which adequately match qualifications\nand aspirations, and language barriers, are cited as the most common obstacles when\nlooking for a job for those unemployed, regardless of educational background.\nRegarding protection risks, working long hours with low salaries and sometimes in\nconditions which are not suitable are to be monitored more closely.\n\nIn a survey conducted by FRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights) with\nrefugees from Ukraine in the EU, 16 % of the respondents mentioned having to work\nvery long hours and 10 % stated that they had been underpaid or not paid at all. About\n8 % said that they could not communicate freely with other workers or anyone else.\nThe same proportion (8 %) said that they had worked without a contract or with a\ncontract that did not cover all working hours. [20]\n#### **Human trafficking related risks**\n\n\nRefugees from Ukraine are considered at heightened risk of being exposed to different\nforms of trafficking due to the profile of the population, compounded by their\ndisplacement. The risks of trafficking in persons are deemed to be higher for\nunaccompanied and separated children; as well as refugees without access to\ntemporary protection, including non-Ukrainians and third-country nationals if unable to\nconfirm their status before the Office for Foreigners. Persons at risk of statelessness,\nundocumented refugees and individuals who experience obstacles accessing\ndocumentation and rights, including minorities, are also exposed to higher risks.\n\nIn the early stages of the Ukraine emergency, risks arose mostly from unregistered\nand unscreened individuals offering travel and accommodation to refugees. With a\nreduction in the number of arrivals the situation significantly improved. In addition, the\nfact that temporary protection holders have immediate access to legal employment\nand social services has significantly mitigated risks of trafficking in persons for\nrefugees from Ukraine. However, refugees who find themselves in urgent need to find\nincome generating activities are at risk of trafficking related labor exploitation. The\nforms of trafficking that refugees from Ukraine are at risk of include sexual exploitation,\nforced labor, illegal adoption and forced criminality. There are particular concerns\naround the risks of online recruitment for the purpose of sexual exploitation of young\nrefugees due to the prevalent use of social media (particularly Viber and Telegram) to\nseek jobs opportunities among this group, as it has been reported that social media is\nbroadly used by sex traffickers to recruit victims.\n\nDespite the fact that the threat of trafficking in persons was considered \u201chigh and\nimminent\u201d, the relevant authorities have recorded a rather limited number of cases\n\n\n20 [European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Fleeing Ukraine: Displaced people\u2019s experiences in the EU,](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/ukraine-survey)\n[February 2023.](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/ukraine-survey)\n\n\n16 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9927144646644592, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POLAND", - "confidence": 0.9942955374717712, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9659414291381836, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee men", - "confidence": 0.9732524752616882, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.972819983959198, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9833990335464478, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FRA", - "confidence": 0.9010675549507141, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\ndisclosed and involving Ukrainian survivors. In light of reports on presumed victims of\ntrafficking among refugees from Ukraine, who seek assistance and support of\nUkrainian services upon their return from EU countries, the low number of disclosed\ntrafficking cases may be the result of some existing barriers in referral mechanism,\nincluding lack of trust in the response services available and/or limited knowledge\nwhere one should seek assistance.\n#### **Minority groups**\n\n\nRefugees who are members of minorities are likely to be exposed to heightened\nprotection risks and difficulties accessing essential services during forced\ndisplacement, as a result of a long-term legacy of discrimination, exclusion and\nmarginalization.\n\nSince the onset of the conflict, an indeterminate number of refugees of Roma origin\nhave sought refuge in Poland. [21] Among the millions of people seeking refuge in the\nEuropean Union and neighboring countries, 100,000 are estimated to be Roma.\nAccording to a recent report on the situation of Ukrainian Roma refugees in Poland,\nthere is no reliable and comprehensive data on the exact number, needs and living\nconditions of Roma in Ukraine. [22] It is estimated that there were between 200,000 and\n400,000 Roma living in Ukraine before the recent escalation of war.\n\nFoundation Towards Dialogue indicates that Roma refugees entering Poland come\nmainly from eastern Ukraine, from the Kharkiv, Donetsk, Odessa and Zhytomyr\nRegions. As observed by Roma organizations, Roma refugees from Ukraine cross the\nborder in large multigenerational family groups of a dozen or more persons, comprising\nwomen, children, older persons and men with disabilities.\n\nThis raises different challenges and risks, particularly in securing suitable\naccommodation, with instances of Roma families with children having to resort to\nsleeping in train stations, prompting the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights to\nintervene [23] . As reported by Roma organizations, Roma refugees in Poland are being\nhosted mainly in accommodation facilities run or administered by authorities,\nmunicipalities or municipal departments, or that are set up and run by NGOs. [24] Roma\nrefugees often have to rely longer on accommodation facilities provided by local\nauthorities hosting high numbers of refugees, which may lack proper supervision and\nmonitoring mechanisms vis-\u00e0-vis safeguarding standards and protection risks. Within\ncollective sites, segregation between Roma and non-Roma Ukrainian refugees has\nbeen observed with the aim of minimizing conflicts and tensions, arising often from a\nmisunderstanding of the Roma culture and discrimination.\n\nChallenges in seeking suitable long-term independent living is reported by Roma\norganizations, often a consequence of both discriminatory attitudes towards Roma\nrefugees and a maintenance of community cohesion and family unity. Roma families\nhave reported cases of discrimination and bias when trying to secure private housing,\nwith higher levels of refusals and risks of (forced) eviction, compounded by\nmisinformation about eviction and tenancy rights in Poland. High rental costs in urban\n\n\n21 [European Commission, International Roma Day Statement by Vide-President Jourova, April 2022.](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_22_2326)\n22 [Towards Dialogue Foundation, Human Rights, Needs and Discrimination \u2013 the situation of Roma refugees from](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/en/reports/)\n[Ukraine in Poland, September 2022.](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/en/reports/)\n23 [Letter from the Polish Ombudsman to the Podkarpackie Voivodeship Office in Rzesz\u00f3w, 7 November 2022.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/sites/default/files/2022-11/Do_wojewody_Przemysl_Romowie_Ukraina_7.11.2022.pdf)\n24 [Towards Dialogue Foundation, They are not refugees; they are travellers\u201d. Situation of Roma Refugees from Ukraine](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Report_They-Are-Not-Refugees_They-Are-Travellers.pdf)\n[in Podkarpackie Voievodeship. Monitoring report 2022-2023, July 2023.](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Report_They-Are-Not-Refugees_They-Are-Travellers.pdf)\n\n\n17 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nareas have also discouraged families from pursuing private housing on the rental\nmarket, leading to no other option but to remain in collective accommodation, pursue\nonward movement or return to Ukraine.\n\nAdditional challenges faced by refugees of Roma origin include securing employment,\naccessing information as well as essential services such as healthcare, psychological\nsupport, and education. Discriminatory attitudes toward minority groups frequently\nexacerbate these difficulties, eroding trust in institutional bodies and a deepening\nsense of marginalization and isolation.\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\n**Status and documentation**\n\n - Social security payments shall be swiftly restored upon reactivation of PESEL UKR\nstatus by the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS), aligning with the provisions\noutlined in the Special Act.\n\n - The Protection Sector acknowledges the need for access to an appeal procedure\nand an effective remedy for individuals whose temporary protection status is\nwithdrawn (PESEL UKR deactivation) or who failed to register within the mandated\n30-day period following their initial arrival in Poland, in accordance with the Council\nDirective 2001/55/EC.\n\n - All actors providing information on border crossing to temporary protection holders\nare encouraged to ensure that persons crossing the border have access to\naccurate and reliable information on their rights and responsibilities. This\ninformation should be provided in their preferred language, including Ukrainian and\nRussian, and be accessible through various formats and communication\nchannels.\n\n\n**Prevention, risk mitigation and response to gender-based violence**\n\n\n - The mainstreaming of GBV and PSEA remains a long-term task for humanitarian\norganizations operating in Poland, and thus, efforts should be made to prioritize\nthis during the remainder of 2023 and for 2024, as the risks of refugee women and\nchildren in all its intersectionality, are heightened by the continuity of the crisis.\n\n - On GBV and SEA identified risks, the Protection Sector recommends that all\nactors, including government authorities, humanitarian actors, and women-led and\nrefugee-led organizations, promote the availability and accessibility of multi\n\n18 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\nsectoral services including for mental and psycho-social support, safety/shelter,\nsecurity, health, and legal aid for survivors of GBV.\n\n - In this respect, the Protection Sector encourages all stakeholders to continue\npromoting knowledge and awareness on available GBV services amongst diverse\nrefugee communities through methods preferred by diverse community members,\nincluding persons with disabilities, and continue to coordinate, systematically track\nand follow up on referrals and actions to allow further evidence-based\nprogramming on GBV.\n\n - The Protection Sector acknowledges the need to implement an integrated\napproach towards tackling GBV, with an emphasis on empowering individuals at\nrisk and survivors of GBV, with a particular focus on female headed households,\nand proposes all actors promote the socio-economic inclusion of such individuals\ncombined with childcare, education, MHPSS and language support.\n\n - The Protection Sector stresses the need for all actors to undertake concerted\nefforts to reduce stigma and discriminatory behavior against refugee groups at risk\nof exclusion, who remain at heightened risk of GBV including minorities, persons\nliving with disabilities, elderly and refugees with different sexual orientations,\ngender identities, expressions, and sex characteristics by actively mainstreaming\ntheir needs and priorities in GBV prevention, risk mitigation and response\nprogramming.\n\n - All recommendations to mitigate GBV risks will require establishing safe,\nconfidential and sensitive feedback mechanisms across all sectors, based on the\ndiversified needs of the community members, alongside the provision of response\nto the feedback received and promoting analysis, reporting and understanding.\n\n\n**Mental Health and Psychosocial Support**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends promoting community-based psychosocial\nsupport activities and scalable interventions targeting refugee groups with a\nparticular focus on children, adolescents, older persons and women-headed\nhouseholds.\n\n - Concerted efforts are required from all Sector members to promote trust and\nbonding amongst community members and expand group MHPSS interventions\naimed at strengthening social links and psychosocial support including\nrecreational, arts, sports activities and cultural / community events which also bring\ntogether refugee and host community members.\n\n\n19 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n**Child Protection**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends promoting meaningful participation through\nconsultations with children and youth by government, humanitarian, and civil\nsociety actors, in the design and implementation of child protection programming.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends providing child-sensitive information on rights,\nentitlements and specialized services to caregivers, children and adolescents.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends the promotion and facilitation access of\nrefugee children to early childhood education facilities to allow caregivers to access\nlivelihoods, but also to enhance inclusion and social cohesion.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends an increased focus on the inclusion of refugee\nchildren in the Polish education system and the facilitation of social cohesion and\ninclusion in classrooms through multi-faceted support to the education system,\nincluding to schools, teachers, parents and refugee learners.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends that humanitarian organizations tailor\nprograms focused on psychological and psychosocial assistance to children, with\na particular focus on the evolving needs and situation of adolescents and youth.\n\n\n**Protecting refugees of Roma origin**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends that all actors, including government and local\nauthorities, collective site managers, and humanitarian organizations, collaborate\nclosely with Roma organizations to more effectively address the distinct needs\n(including reception and accommodation needs) and protection challenges\nencountered by refugees of Roma origin.\n\n - The Protection Sector acknowledges the need to implement an integrated\napproach to ensure effective equal access without barriers to information, and\nquality healthcare and social services, especially for those minority groups that are\nmost at risk or those living in marginalized or remote locations, in line with the\nCouncil Recommendation of 12 March 2021 on Roma equality, inclusion and\nparticipation (2021/C 93/01).\n\n\n**Employment**\n\n - The Protection and Economic Inclusion Sectors are recommended to enhance\nsupport to the government of Poland in the promotion of awareness-raising\nsessions on Polish Labor Law together with humanitarian actors to prevent child\nlabor and risks related to illegal work and/or labor exploitation.\n\n - The Protection and Economic Inclusion Sector are to promote close collaboration\nwith the Labor Inspector Office and jointly promote reporting mechanisms among\nrefugees.\n\n\n20 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector and Economic Inclusion Sectors are recommended to seek\ncollaboration with Trade Unions to jointly advocate for the labor rights at the\nworkplace.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends that humanitarian organizations provide\nrefugees who may be overqualified and performing low-skilled work with\nindividualized career counselling, if possible and appropriate, in combination with\nMHPSS services.\n\n**Prevention and response to trafficking**\n\n - The Protection Sector takes note of the Trafficking in Persons Report [25] and in line\nwith the 3P framework (prosecution, protection and prevention) recommends a\nmulti-sectoral approach jointly with the government, the private sector,\nhumanitarian community, survivors and survivor-led organizations, to further\ninvestigations and prosecutions, support victim identification and protection efforts,\nand develop targeted prevention programs.\n\n - The Protection Sector recommends strengthening awareness among the refugee\ncommunity on legal status and entitlements in accordance to changing legislation\non temporary protection to ensure the refugee population understands their legal\nstatus and is adequately equipped on where and how to report.\n\n - Based on the recently published GRETA report [26] the Protection Sector reiterates\nrecommendations and calls upon the Polish authorities to strengthen safe reporting\nand effective complaint mechanisms for workers, to ensure that victims of abuses\nor exploitative situations can refer their case without fear of repercussion.\nProtection Monitoring data clearly indicates a high risk of labor exploitation for\nrefugees fleeing Ukraine, which a lack of adequate labor inspections and reporting\nmechanisms may compound.\n\n\n25 [US Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report 2023, June 2023.](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Trafficking-in-Persons-Report-2023_Introduction-V3e.pdf)\n26 [Council of Europe GRETA, Evaluation Report Poland, June 2023.](https://rm.coe.int/greta-evaluation-report-on-poland-3rd-evaluation-round-greta-2023-08-a/1680ab7039)\n\n\n21 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLAND**\n**JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS**\n**OCTOBER 2023**\n\n#### **Organizations contributing** **Contact us**\n\n\n**Lorena Isla Rodriguez**\nProtection Sector Co-coordinator, UNHCR\n**[isla@unhcr.org](mailto:isla@unhcr.org)**\n\n**Katarzyna Przybys\u0142awska**\nProtection Sector Co-coordinator, Halina Niec Legal Aid Centre\n**[przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org](mailto:przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org)**\n\n\n22 | P a g e\nPOLAND | JOINT PROTECTION ANALYSIS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/af98e60c-2c69-4f0c-a46f-9b91a656cef5/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_609/raw/doc_609_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_609/raw/doc_609_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1b8431ef31de5b07f45c35ece9cf2c25e952aa65..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_609/raw/doc_609_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,293 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POLSKA**\n## **Sektorowa analiza dost\u0119pu uchod\u017ac\u00f3w** **do ochrony prawnej**\n### **Pa\u017adziernik 2023 r.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **SPIS TRE\u015aCI**\n\n\nWprowadzenie ............................................................................................................ 2\n\n\nMetodologia ................................................................................................................ 2\n\n\nProfil ............................................................................................................................ 4\n\n\nZakwaterowanie .......................................................................................................... 7\n\n\nNajwa\u017cniejsze potrzeby ............................................................................................... 8\n\n\nStatus i dokumenty ...................................................................................................... 9\n\n\nRyzyko zwi\u0105zane z przemoc\u0105 ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 (GBV), w tym wyzyskiwaniem\ni wykorzystywaniem seksualnym (SEA) .....................................................................10\n\n\nZdrowie psychiczne i wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne ...................................................... 11\n\n\nRyzyko w zakresie ochrony dotycz\u0105ce dzieci ............................................................. 12\n\n\nRyzyko w zakresie ochrony zwi\u0105zane z zatrudnieniem ............................................. 15\n\n\nRyzyko zwi\u0105zane z handlem lud\u017ami ........................................................................... 16\n\n\nMniejszo\u015bci ................................................................................................................ 17\n\n\nZalecenia .................................................................................................................... 18\n\n\nOrganizacje, kt\u00f3re wnios\u0142y sw\u00f3j wk\u0142ad...................................................................... 22\n\n\nSkontaktuj si\u0119 z nami ................................................................................................. 22\n\n\n1 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **Wprowadzenie**\n\n\nOd eskalacji wojny w Ukrainie w dniu 24 lutego 2022 r. UNHCR Polska wraz\nz partnerami z sektora ochrony aktywnie monitoruj\u0105 ryzyka w zakresie ochrony\ndotykaj\u0105ce uchod\u017ac\u00f3w uciekaj\u0105cych przed dzia\u0142aniami wojennymi. W ramach ci\u0105g\u0142ego\nd\u0105\u017cenia do wzmocnienia analizy ochrony oraz wsp\u00f3lnych dzia\u0142a\u0144 rzeczniczych sektor\nochrony wsp\u00f3\u0142pracowa\u0142 z partnerami w pocz\u0105tkowej fazie kryzysu, a pierwsz\u0105\nwsp\u00f3ln\u0105 publikacj\u0119 mi\u0119dzyagencyjn\u0105 opublikowano w maju 2022 r. [1] Drugim owocem\nwsp\u00f3\u0142pracy by\u0142o wydanie w grudniu 2022 r. zalece\u0144 dotycz\u0105cych stosowania w Polsce\nunijnej dyrektywy w sprawie tymczasowej ochrony [2] .Celem grupy zadaniowej ds.\nmonitorowania ochrony, utworzonej w marcu 2023 r., jest harmonizacja narz\u0119dzi\nmonitorowania ochrony, wsp\u00f3lne dzia\u0142ania w zakresie gromadzenia danych oraz\nopracowywanie wsp\u00f3lnych analiz.\n\n#### **Metodologia**\n\n\nInformacje przedstawione poni\u017cej pochodz\u0105 od nast\u0119puj\u0105cych podmiot\u00f3w:\nStowarzyszenie Interwencji Prawnej, Centralna Rada Rom\u00f3w w Polsce, CLEAR\nGlobal, Du\u0144ska Rada ds. Uchod\u017ac\u00f3w ( _Danish Refugee Council_ ), European Lawyers\nin Lesvos, Centrum Pomocy Prawnej im. Haliny Nie\u0107, Mi\u0119dzynarodowa Organizacja\nds. Migracji (IOM), Mi\u0119dzynarodowe organizacje charytatywne Ko\u015bcio\u0142a\nprawos\u0142awnego, Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Komitet Ratunkowy (IRC), Oxfam, Polska Misja\nMedyczna, Fundacja W Stron\u0119 Dialogu, UN Women oraz UNHCR [3] .\n\n\nW 2023 r. UNHCR przeprowadzi\u0142 \u0142\u0105cznie 18 161 wywiad\u00f3w w kilku regionach Polski;\n3911 os\u00f3b z grona respondent\u00f3w (22%) by\u0142o uchod\u017acami, kt\u00f3rzy przybyli niedawno,\ntj. przekroczyli granic\u0119 w ci\u0105gu ostatnich 30 dni.\n\n\n**Struktura respondent\u00f3w wg wieku i p\u0142ci**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOpr\u00f3cz danych z monitoringu ochrony niniejszy raport obejmuje ustalenia na\npodstawie siedmiu dyskusji w grupach fokusowych, przeprowadzonych z udzia\u0142em\n37 uchod\u017ac\u00f3w i uchod\u017aczy\u0144 z Ukrainy oraz os\u00f3b zapewniaj\u0105cych us\u0142ugi, a tak\u017ce\n25 rozm\u00f3w z kluczowymi informatorami w wieku od 20 do 68 lat. Rozmowy te\nprzeprowadzi\u0142 UNHCR oraz partnerzy wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105cy w ramach oceny\nbezpiecze\u0144stwa pod k\u0105tem przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107.\n\n\n1 [Dokument \u201ePoland: Protection Analysis (May 2022)\u201d (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92598)\n2 [Recommendations on the application of the Temporary Protection Directive in Poland (December 2022) \u2013 Polska |](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/recommendations-application-temporary-protection-directive-poland-december-2022)\n[ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/recommendations-application-temporary-protection-directive-poland-december-2022)\n\n\n2 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nUzupe\u0142nieniem tych konsultacji by\u0142y te\u017c obserwacyjne listy kontrolne. We wsp\u00f3\u0142prac\u0119\nprzy konsultacjach w\u0142\u0105czyli si\u0119 przedstawiciele r\u00f3\u017cnych \u015brodowisk, od urz\u0119dnik\u00f3w\nmiejskich, psycholog\u00f3w, organizacji religijnych, edukator\u00f3w w o\u015brodkach dla\nm\u0142odzie\u017cy oraz zapewniaj\u0105cych opiek\u0119 nad dzie\u0107mi, po ekspert\u00f3w (w zakresie\nprzeciwdzia\u0142ania handlowi lud\u017ami, ochrony przed wyzyskiwaniem i wykorzystywaniem\nseksualnym, integracji Rom\u00f3w, a tak\u017ce os\u00f3b z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami), rzecznik\u00f3w,\njak r\u00f3wnie\u017c personel obiekt\u00f3w zbiorowego zakwaterowania. W ramach tej samej\ninicjatywy UNHCR wraz z personelem organizacji partnerskich, specjalist\u00f3w ds.\nmonitorowania ochrony oraz wolontariuszy przeprowadzi\u0142 dwana\u015bcie dyskusji\nw ramach grup fokusowych z dzie\u0107mi uchod\u017aczymi w wieku 10\u201317 lat wraz\nz opiekunami, a tak\u017ce cztery rozmowy z kluczowymi informatorami. Celem tych\nspotka\u0144 by\u0142o uzyskanie wi\u0119cej informacji na temat r\u00f3\u017cnych rodzaj\u00f3w ryzyka, wyzwa\u0144\noraz szans, przed jakimi staj\u0105 dzieci uchod\u017acze w goszcz\u0105cych ich spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach.\nW dzia\u0142aniu tym wzi\u0119\u0142o udzia\u0142 \u0142\u0105cznie 58 dzieci (35 dziewczynek i 23 ch\u0142opc\u00f3w).\n\n\nW maju 2023 r. ICR przeprowadzi\u0142 19 indywidualnych wywiad\u00f3w (jako\u015bciowych)\nz uchod\u017acami z Ukrainy w wieku 12\u201317 lat, kt\u00f3re odby\u0142y si\u0119 w Warszawie\ni Katowicach. Ostateczna pr\u00f3ba os\u00f3b, z kt\u00f3rymi przeprowadzono indywidualne\nrozmowy, obejmowa\u0142a dwana\u015bcie dziewczynek i siedmiu ch\u0142opc\u00f3w; jedena\u015bcioro\nuczestnik\u00f3w by\u0142o w wieku 12\u201314 lat, a dziewi\u0119cioro w wieku 15\u201317 lat.\n\n\nWywiady zwi\u0105zane z monitorowaniem ochrony cz\u0119sto przeprowadza si\u0119 w obiektach\nzbiorowego zakwaterowania i punktach dystrybucyjnych, tak by zapewni\u0107 pomoc\nnajbardziej nara\u017conym osobom, st\u0105d wnioski z wywiad\u00f3w mog\u0105 by\u0107 obarczone pewn\u0105\ntendencj\u0105 faworyzuj\u0105c\u0105 osoby w grupie najwi\u0119kszego ryzyka. Poni\u017cej przedstawiono\ncharakterystyk\u0119 respondent\u00f3w w podziale wed\u0142ug miejsca przeprowadzenia rozmowy\noraz miejsca zamieszkania.\n\n\n**Miejsce rozmowy**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n20%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Zakwaterowanie respondent\u00f3w**\n\n\n\ni\n\n\ne\n\n\nu\n\n\nd\n\n\nz\n\n\ni\n\n\ne\n\n\nl\n\n\na\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nI\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nn\n\n\nn\n\n\ne\n\n\nW\n\n\n\n\nl\n\n\n\u0119\n\n\nn\n\n\n\n\n\n3 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nIncydenty dotycz\u0105ce ochrony, zwi\u0105zane ze statusem i dokumentacj\u0105, gromadzono\nwsp\u00f3lnie w ramach inicjatyw monitorowania incydent\u00f3w, realizowanych przez UNHCR\noraz partner\u00f3w z sektora ochrony, w tym organizacje European Lawyers in Lesvos,\nFundacj\u0119 W Stron\u0119 Dialogu, mi\u0119dzynarodowe organizacje charytatywne Ko\u015bcio\u0142a\nprawos\u0142awnego, Centraln\u0105 Rad\u0119 Rom\u00f3w w Polsce, Norwesk\u0105 Rad\u0119 ds. Uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\noraz Stowarzyszenie Interwencji Prawnej.\n\n\nDzia\u0142ania w zakresie monitorowania incydent\u00f3w opracowano tak, by mo\u017cna by\u0142o\nidentyfikowa\u0107 i dokumentowa\u0107 incydenty dotycz\u0105ce ochrony, a dotykaj\u0105ce\nposzczeg\u00f3lnych os\u00f3b w zwi\u0105zku z anulowaniem ich statusu ochrony tymczasowej\n(i zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z tym dezaktywacj\u0105 PESEL UKR) oraz zwi\u0105zanych z tym uprawnie\u0144 do\n\u015bwiadcze\u0144 socjalnych. Nadrz\u0119dnym celem tych dzia\u0142a\u0144 by\u0142o wsparcie rzecznictwa\nopartego na dowodach oraz ustanowienie mechanizm\u00f3w reagowania oraz \u015bcie\u017cek\nkierowania os\u00f3b mierz\u0105cych si\u0119 z ryzykiem w zakresie ochrony do odpowiednich\ns\u0142u\u017cb, tak by zapewni\u0107 im odpowiednie dalsze dzia\u0142ania ze strony odpowiednich w\u0142adz.\nInformacje o tych incydentach gromadzono w okresie od czerwca do sierpnia 2023 r.\nw drodze osobistych interakcji przy okazji \u015bwiadczenia us\u0142ug, realizowanych przez\nUNHCR oraz partner\u00f3w z sektora ochrony, g\u0142\u00f3wnie przez osoby \u015bwiadcz\u0105ce pomoc\nprawn\u0105 oraz specjalist\u00f3w ds. monitorowania ochrony. Dane gromadzono zgodnie\nz zasadami ochrony danych UNHCR.\n\n#### **Profil**\n\n\nW niniejszym raporcie okre\u015blenie _osoby nowo przyby\u0142e_ odnosi si\u0119 do os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re\npoinformowa\u0142y, \u017ce przyby\u0142y do Polski w okresie od 1 stycznia do 30 czerwca 2023 r.\n_Osoby, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y wcze\u015bnie_ to osoby, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y do Polski w okresie od\n24 lutego 2022 r. do 30 czerwca 2022 r.\n\n\nNa podstawie danych zgromadzonych w ramach dzia\u0142a\u0144 w zakresie monitorowania\nochrony mo\u017cna stwierdzi\u0107, \u017ce na wczesnych etapach migracji dominowa\u0142y du\u017ce\nrodziny, w tym samotne matki z osobami pozostaj\u0105cymi na ich utrzymaniu, a tak\u017ce\nrodziny, w kt\u00f3rych\u015b kto\u015b z cz\u0142onk\u00f3w cierpi na schorzenia medyczne. Z kolei w\u015br\u00f3d\nos\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y niedawno, obserwuje si\u0119 znaczny wzrost liczby samotnych os\u00f3b\ndoros\u0142ych. Uchod\u017acy przybyli niedawno byli zapewne w stanie d\u0142u\u017cej radzi\u0107 sobie\nz niepewno\u015bci\u0105, ograniczonym dost\u0119pem do us\u0142ug i brakiem bezpiecze\u0144stwa na\nobszarach ogarni\u0119tych konfliktem, ale coraz bardziej maleje ich zdolno\u015b\u0107 do radzenia\nsobie z wielorakimi skutkami wojny w Ukrainie.\n\n\nZ danych wynika, \u017ce 14% rozm\u00f3wc\u00f3w to osoby starsze (w wieku 60 lat i wi\u0119cej) \u017cyj\u0105ce\nsamotnie. Konieczne jest po\u015bwi\u0119cenie tej grupie dodatkowej uwagi, w r\u00f3wnie\u017c w celu\nzidentyfikowania dost\u0119pno\u015bci sieci wsparcia spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowego oraz szczeg\u00f3lnych\nrodzaj\u00f3w ryzyka, na jakie nara\u017cona jest tak grupa, tak by odpowied\u017a humanitarna\nprzyczyni\u0142a si\u0119 do z\u0142agodzenia ryzyka w zakresie ochrony, promocji w\u0142\u0105czenia oraz\nzaspokojenia potrzeb psychospo\u0142ecznych, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 wi\u0105za\u0107 si\u0119 z izolacj\u0105 os\u00f3b\nstarszych.\n\n\nW kontek\u015bcie ryzyka niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bci 51% rodzin obj\u0119tych rozmowami zg\u0142osi\u0142o, \u017ce\nprzynajmniej jeden cz\u0142onek rodziny zg\u0142asza trudno\u015bci uwzgl\u0119dnione w zestawie pyta\u0144\nopracowanym przez organizacj\u0119 Washington Group [4] ; w\u015br\u00f3d os\u00f3b nowo przyby\u0142ych\nodsetek ten spada do 40%.\n\n\n4 [The Washington Group on Disability Statistics, WG Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS)](https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/)\n\n\n4 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Osoby, kt\u00f3re
przyby\u0142y
wcze\u015bnie|Osoby nowo
przyby\u0142e|\n|---|---|---|\n|\u015arednia wielko\u015b\u0107 gospodarstwa domowego|**2,5 **|**2,2 **|\n|Rodziny, w kt\u00f3rych przynajmniej jedna osoba jest obj\u0119ta
ryzykiem zwi\u0105zanym z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bci\u0105
(kwestionariusz organizacji Washington Group)|
**51% **|
**40% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe, w kt\u00f3rych co najmniej jeden
cz\u0142onek rodziny cierpi na powa\u017cne schorzenie medyczne|**26% **|**18% **|\n|Jednoosobowe gospodarstwa domowe|**24% **|**42% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe obejmuj\u0105ce osoby starsze \u017cyj\u0105ce
samotnie|**14% **|**14% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe, w kt\u00f3rym opiek\u0119 zapewnia jedna
kobieta|**44% **|**26% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe z dzie\u0107mi|**60% **|**39% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe, w kt\u00f3rych s\u0105 osoby w wieku 60+|**31% **|**24% **|\n|Gospodarstwa domowe obejmuj\u0105ce wy\u0142\u0105cznie kobiety|**46% **|**47% **|\n\n\n5 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n**Obszar pochodzenia w podziale wg dat przybycia do Polski**\n\n\n24 lutego 2022 r. \u2013 31 marca 2022 r. 1 kwietnia 2022 r. \u2013 30 czerwca 2022 r.\n\n\n\n1 lipca 2022 r. \u2013 30 wrze\u015bnia 2022 r.\n\n\n1 stycznia 2023 r. \u2013 31 marca 2023 r.\n\n\n\n1 pa\u017adziernika 2022 r. \u2013 31 grudnia 2022 r.\n\n\n1 kwietnia 2023 r. \u2013 30 czerwca 2023 r.\n\n\n\nKorelacja mi\u0119dzy obszarami pochodzenia oraz dat\u0105 przesiedlenia jest\nodzwierciedleniem tego, kt\u00f3re regiony zosta\u0142y najbardziej dotkni\u0119te trwaj\u0105c\u0105 wojn\u0105\nw Ukrainie. Jak podano w Analizie ochrony wydanym przez Klaster Dzia\u0142a\u0144\nOchronnych w Ukrainie w lipcu 2023 r., w centrum dzia\u0142a\u0144 wojennych znajduj\u0105 si\u0119\nobwody doniecki, \u0142uga\u0144ski, zaporoski i charkowski na wschodzie, a tak\u017ce obwody\ncherso\u0144ski, odeski i miko\u0142ajewski na po\u0142udniu [5] .\n\n\n5 [Klaster Dzia\u0142a\u0144 Ochronnych (Protection Cluster) w Ukrainie, Protection Analysis Update, czerwiec 2023 r.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-protection-analysis-update-unabated-violations-against-civilians-increase-impact-protection-risks-population-june-2023-enuk)\n\n\n6 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **Zakwaterowanie**\n\n\nSpo\u015br\u00f3d nowo przyby\u0142ych uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rymi przeprowadzono wywiady, 27,8%\n\u017cyje w obiektach zbiorowego zakwaterowania zapewnionych przez w\u0142adze lub\nw kwaterach prywatnych; 16,6% mieszka u znajomych lub krewnych, 10,3%\nw momencie przeprowadzenia rozmowy nie mia\u0142o miejsca pobytu, a 10,3% mieszka\u0142o\nw hotelach lub hostelach prywatnych lub zapewnionych przez rz\u0105d.\n\n\nZakwaterowanie pozostaje jednym z trzech najwa\u017cniejszych potrzeb dla os\u00f3b nowo\nprzyby\u0142ych (34,1%); kolejne s\u0105 zatrudnienie (33,6%) oraz pomoc materialna (31,9%).\nDla kontrastu, wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y wcze\u015bnie, ju\u017c znalaz\u0142a zakwaterowanie\ni uzyska\u0142a pewn\u0105 samodzielno\u015b\u0107; osoby takie jako priorytet wskazuj\u0105 przede\nwszystkim pomoc materialn\u0105, a nast\u0119pnie opiek\u0119 medyczn\u0105 i zatrudnienie.\n\n\n7 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **Najwa\u017cniejsze potrzeby**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Pomoc materialna (artyku\u0142y in ne n1i\u017c2 %
spo\u017cywcze, ubrania itp.)
Leczenie/wyroby medyczne|\n|---|---|---|\n|

Zatrudnienie

Leczenie/wyroby medyczne|

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Leczenie/wyroby medyczne|

Zatrudnienie

Leczenie/wyroby medyczne|\n|

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107

Zatrudnienie|

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107

Zatrudnienie|

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107

Zatrudnienie|\n|

Zakwaterowanie

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107|

Zakwaterowanie

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107|

Zakwaterowanie

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107|\n|

Informacje na temat us\u0142ug
Zakwaterowanie|

Informacje na temat us\u0142ug
Zakwaterowanie|

Informacje na temat us\u0142ug
Zakwaterowanie|\n||
Porady prawne
Informacje na temat us\u0142ug|
Porady prawne
Informacje na temat us\u0142ug|\n|Edukacja
dla
Porady prawne|Edukacja
dla
Porady prawne|Edukacja
dla
Porady prawne|\n|doros\u0142ych
Edukacja
Edukacja dla doros\u0142ych|doros\u0142ych
Edukacja
Edukacja dla doros\u0142ych|doros\u0142ych
Edukacja
Edukacja dla doros\u0142ych|\n|dla dzieci Wsparcie
Edukacja dla dzieci|dla dzieci Wsparcie
Edukacja dla dzieci|dla dzieci Wsparcie
Edukacja dla dzieci|\n|Wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne|Wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne|Wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|(osoby nowo przyby\u0142e)|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Zakwaterowanie
Zakwaterowanie|Zakwaterowanie
Zakwaterowanie|\n|
Zatrudnienie
Zatrudnien|ie|\n|
Pomoc materialna (artyku\u0142y inne n
spo\u017cywcze, ubrania it|i\u017c
p.)|\n|Leczenie/wyroby medyczne
Leczenie/wyroby medycz|ne|\n|\u017bywno\u015b\u0107
\u017bywno|\u015b\u0107|\n|i Edukacja dla doros\u0142ych
Informacje na temat us\u0142|5
ug|\n|Porady praw|

%
ne|\n|Transp|ort|\n|Edukacja dla dzie|ci|\n|Edukacja dla doros\u0142y|ch|\n\n\n\nW kontek\u015bcie zapotrzebowania na informacje najwa\u017cniejszymi priorytetami zg\u0142aszanymi\nprzez respondent\u00f3w s\u0105 informacje dotycz\u0105ce dost\u0119pu do pomocy finansowej\n(co obejmuje zasi\u0142ki i dotacje rz\u0105dowe, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c programy pomocy finansowej\nrealizowane przez organizacje humanitarne), dost\u0119p do rynku pracy oraz \u015bwiadcze\u0144\nmedycznych. Chocia\u017c proces rejestracji dla cel\u00f3w ochrony tymczasowej jest raczej\nprosty i zdecentralizowany, a zarz\u0105dzaj\u0105 nim g\u0142\u00f3wnie gminy i miasta, 20% rozm\u00f3wc\u00f3w\nzg\u0142asza potrzeb\u0119 uzyskania informacji o ich statusie prawnym. Z wywiad\u00f3w\nz uchod\u017acami wynika, \u017ce zar\u00f3wno niepewno\u015b\u0107 zwi\u0105zana z przed\u0142u\u017ceniem ochrony\ntymczasowej, jak i incydenty zwi\u0105zane anulowania statusu oraz dezaktywacji PESEL\nUKR mog\u0105 by\u0107 powodem, dla kt\u00f3rego ta potrzeba nadal ma tak ogromne znaczenie\nzar\u00f3wno dla os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y wcze\u015bnie, jak i nowo przyby\u0142ych (zob. ni\u017cej rozdzia\u0142\ndotycz\u0105cy statusu i dokumentacji).\n\n8 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Potrzebne informacje|Og\u00f3lne|Osoby, kt\u00f3re
przyby\u0142y
wcze\u015bnie|Osoby nowo
przyby\u0142e|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Pomoc finansowa|45%|46%|43%|\n|Oferty pracy|29%|27%|32%|\n|Jak skorzysta\u0107 z opieki zdrowotnej|24%|25%|22%|\n|M\u00f3j status prawny w tym kraju|20%|20%|23%|\n|Gdzie znale\u017a\u0107 zakwaterowanie|17%|14%|23%|\n|Jak uzyska\u0107 dokumenty i zwi\u0105zane z nimi
uprawnienia|14%|13%|17%|\n|Jak skorzysta\u0107 z edukacji|12%|10%|13%|\n|Jak skorzysta\u0107 z poradnictwa/wsparcia
psychologicznego|8%|7%|9%|\n|Jak ponownie nawi\u0105za\u0107 kontakt z krewnymi|2%|2%|3%|\n|Jak z\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 wniosek o ochron\u0119
mi\u0119dzynarodow\u0105|2%|1%|3%|\n|Inne|4%|5%|3%|\n|Nie wiem|6%|5%|8%|\n|Wol\u0119 nie udziela\u0107 odpowiedzi|0%|0%|1%|\n|\u017badne / nie potrzeba informacji|19%|18%|22%|\n\n#### **Status i dokumenty**\n\nPrzedstawiciele sektora ochrony w dalszym ci\u0105gu odnotowywali liczne przypadki\nniezgodnego z prawem anulowania ochrony tymczasowej i nast\u0119pnie dezaktywacji\nPESEL UKR; towarzyszy temu rosn\u0105ce poczucie zagubienia w\u015br\u00f3d uchod\u017ac\u00f3w co do\npowod\u00f3w oraz procedur reaktywacji statusu.\n\n\nZgodnie z art. 11 specjalnej ustawy o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy, potocznie zwany\nspecustaw\u0105, ochron\u0119 tymczasow\u0105 faktycznie mo\u017cna anulowa\u0107 w przypadku, gdy pobyt\ndanej osoby poza granicami Polski przekracza 30 dni lub gdy osoba ta korzysta\nz ochrony tymczasowej w innym pa\u0144stwie cz\u0142onkowskim UE. W rezultacie status\nPESEL UKR ulega automatycznej zmianie na PESEL NUE, kt\u00f3ry oznacza status cudzoziemca nieb\u0119d\u0105cego obywatelem pa\u0144stwa cz\u0142onkowskiego UE ani cz\u0142onkiem rodziny\nobywatela Unii (art. 4 ust. 17a specustawy). Zmiana tego statusu z powrotem na PESEL\nUKR wymaga odmiennych procedur w zale\u017cno\u015bci od konkretnych okoliczno\u015bci [4] .\n\n\nW okresie od czerwca do sierpnia 2023 r. sektor ochrony w\u015br\u00f3d 95 incydent\u00f3w\ndotycz\u0105cych dezaktywacji statusu PESEL UKR oraz nast\u0119pnie anulowania ochrony\ntymczasowej odnotowa\u0142 91 incydent\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych ochrony, a tak\u017ce jeden przypadek\nodmowy rejestracji do cel\u00f3w ochrony tymczasowej, w zwi\u0105zku z up\u0142ywem 30-dniowego\nokresu na rejestracj\u0119 (art. 4 ust. 2 specustawy, zgodnie ze zmianami ze stycznia\n2023 r.).\n\n\nIncydenty te dotyczy\u0142y przede wszystkim obywateli ukrai\u0144skich obj\u0119tych specustaw\u0105,\nw wojew\u00f3dztwach mazowieckim, lubelskim, ma\u0142opolskim, \u015bl\u0105skim, dolno\u015bl\u0105skim,\npodkarpackim i opolskim. Odnotowane przypadki dotyczy\u0142y te\u017c os\u00f3b obj\u0119tych ochron\u0105\ntymczasow\u0105, kt\u00f3rych status PESEL UKR deaktywowano, mimo i\u017c ich pobyt poza\nPolsk\u0105 trwa\u0142 mniej ni\u017c 30 dni (50 przypadk\u00f3w) lub osoby te w og\u00f3le nie opuszcza\u0142y\nPolski (cztery przypadki). Ponadto w czterech przypadkach dezaktywacji osoby obj\u0119te\nochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105 w czasie kontroli granicznej zarejestrowano jako turyst\u00f3w.\n\nNale\u017cy podkre\u015bli\u0107, \u017ce w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w uchod\u017acom anulowano status PESEL\nUKR bez podania powod\u00f3w (65 przypadk\u00f3w). Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 respondent\u00f3w dowiadywa\u0142a si\u0119\n\n9 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n - dezaktywacji dopiero w\u00f3wczas, gdy wstrzymano wyp\u0142at\u0119 \u015bwiadcze\u0144 socjalnych lub\nodm\u00f3wiono im dost\u0119pu do \u015bwiadcze\u0144 zdrowotnych (47 przypadk\u00f3w). Uchod\u017acy\ndowiadywali si\u0119 o dezaktywacji przede wszystkim ustnie (29 przypadk\u00f3w) od lokalnych\no\u015brodk\u00f3w pomocy spo\u0142ecznej (MOPS, GOPS \u2013 14 przypadk\u00f3w), Zak\u0142adu\nUbezpiecze\u0144 Spo\u0142ecznych (6 przypadk\u00f3w), gmin (6 przypadk\u00f3w), zak\u0142ad\u00f3w opieki\nzdrowotnej (5 przypadk\u00f3w) i stra\u017cy granicznej (2 przypadki). Co wa\u017cne, informacje te\nprzekazywano dopiero w\u00f3wczas, gdy uchod\u017acy kontaktowali si\u0119 z tymi podmiotami,\ni bez wydania decyzji przez odpowiednie w\u0142adze.\n\n\nOrganizacje zapewnia\u0142y pomoc prawn\u0105, kieruj\u0105c uchod\u017ac\u00f3w pozbawionych statusu do\nodpowiednich urz\u0119d\u00f3w gminy/miasta, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c do Stra\u017cy Granicznej, co skutkowa\u0142o\nszybkim zarejestrowaniem tych os\u00f3b jako obj\u0119tych ochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105 oraz\nprzywr\u00f3ceniem ich statusu. Odnotowano jednak, \u017ce przywr\u00f3cenie wyp\u0142at \u015bwiadcze\u0144\nsocjalnych cz\u0119sto trwa miesi\u0105cami po reaktywacji statusu, co pog\u0142\u0119bia podatno\u015b\u0107 oraz\nryzyko, jakich do\u015bwiadczaj\u0105 uchod\u017acy dotkni\u0119ci t\u0105 sytuacj\u0105. Konsekwencje zg\u0142aszane\nprzez osoby, kt\u00f3rym dezaktywowano status, to utrata \u015bwiadcze\u0144 finansowych, w tym\n500+, miesi\u0119cznej dotacji pa\u0144stwowej dla rodzin z dzie\u0107mi (85 przypadk\u00f3w) [6], brak\ndost\u0119pu do systemu opieki zdrowotnej (26 przypadk\u00f3w), zakwaterowania (trzy\nprzypadki) oraz edukacji (trzy przypadki). W rezultacie w\u015br\u00f3d uchod\u017ac\u00f3w pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119\nobawy przed wyjazdem z Polski nawet na kr\u00f3tki czas, co mo\u017ce poskutkowa\u0107\nanulowaniem ochrony tymczasowej i zwi\u0105zanych z ni\u0105 uprawnie\u0144.\n\n\nObawy co do dezaktywacji statusu PESEL UKR i daleko id\u0105cych konsekwencji tego\nfaktu dla \u015bwiadcze\u0144 powi\u0105zanych ze statusem ochrony tymczasowej zg\u0142asza\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c\npolski Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich [7] .W odpowiedzi na te zastrze\u017cenia wydanej\n3 sierpnia 2023 r. polski rz\u0105d podkre\u015bli\u0142, \u017ce osoby obj\u0119te ochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105 musz\u0105\nprzy ponownym wje\u017adzie do Polski przedstawi\u0107 wa\u017cne pozwolenie na pobyt (diia.pl)\ni zadeklarowa\u0107 powody humanitarne dla tej podr\u00f3\u017cy [8] .\n\n#### **Ryzyko zwi\u0105zane z przemoc\u0105 ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107** **(GBV), w tym wyzyskiwaniem i wykorzystywaniem** **seksualnym (SEA)**\n\n\nZgodnie z informacjami zgromadzonymi przez organizacje humanitarne w toku ocen\nbezpiecze\u0144stwa przeprowadzonych w 2022 i 2023 r. zagro\u017cenia w zakresie przemocy\nze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 w odniesieniu do uchod\u017ac\u00f3w w Polsce zidentyfikowano g\u0142\u00f3wnie\nw kontek\u015bcie uzyskania zakwaterowania oraz \u015brodk\u00f3w finansowych/utrzymania.\nPonadto sektor zidentyfikowa\u0142 utrzymuj\u0105ce si\u0119 potrzeby w zakresie wiedzy i informacji\n\n - dost\u0119pno\u015bci wielosektorowych us\u0142ug w obszarze przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, jak\nr\u00f3wnie\u017c bariery strukturalne utrudniaj\u0105ce dost\u0119p do tych us\u0142ug, takie jak mo\u017cliwo\u015bci\nprzerobowe \u015bwiadczeniodawc\u00f3w oraz bariery j\u0119zykowe.\n\n\nWyzwania dotycz\u0105ce uzyskania zakwaterowania w obiektach prywatnych lub\nzbiorowych g\u0142\u00f3wnie dotyczy\u0142y obawy przed eksmisj\u0105, ograniczonej \u015bwiadomo\u015bci\nw\u0142asnych praw, mniejszych mo\u017cliwo\u015bci dost\u0119pu do informacji oraz nier\u00f3wno\u015bci si\u0142\nmi\u0119dzy w\u0142a\u015bcicielami nieruchomo\u015bci a wynajmuj\u0105cymi. Zg\u0142aszano, \u017ce wyzwania te\nprzyczynia\u0142y si\u0119 do zwi\u0119kszenia zagro\u017cenia przemoc\u0105 ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, w tym\nwyzyskiwaniem i wykorzystywaniem seksualnym, w stosunku do populacji uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\ntakich jak gospodarstwa domowe, kt\u00f3rych g\u0142ow\u0105 jest kobieta.\n\n\n6 Nale\u017cy zaznaczy\u0107, \u017ce w ramach odpowiedzi na zapytania poselskie w lipcu 2023 r. podkre\u015blono, \u017ce w okresie od\n[1 czerwca 2022 r. a 31 maja 2023 r. \u015bwiadczenie 500+ przestano wyp\u0142aca\u0107 ok. 140 000: Odpowied\u017a na interpelacj\u0119](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n[nr 40924 w sprawie problem\u00f3w obywateli Ukrainy dotycz\u0105cych nieuzasadnionej utraty \u015bwiadczenia,](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n[wychowawczego 7 lipca 2023 .](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/InterpelacjaTresc.xsp?key=CTLH7Y)\n7 [Pismo polskiego Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich z dnia 16 czerwca 2023 r. Polski rzecznik po raz pierwszy zg\u0142osi\u0142](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/rpo-pelnomocnik-uchodzcy-ukraina-status-ukr-utrata-wyjazd-ponowne)\n[swoje zastrze\u017cenia pismem z dnia 8 marca 2023 r.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/sites/default/files/2023-03/Do_pelnomocnik_uchodzcy_status_UKR_8.03.2023.pdf)\n8 [Pismo polskiego rz\u0105du w odpowiedzi na pismo Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich, 3 sierpnia 2023 r.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/rpo-ukraina-uchodzca-status-ukr-mswia-wyjasnienia)\n\n10 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nW spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach uchod\u017ac\u00f3w zg\u0142aszano r\u00f3wnie\u017c zwi\u0119kszony poziom ryzyka\nprzemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, w tym wyzyskiwania i wykorzystywania seksualnego,\nzwi\u0105zany z brakiem bezpiecze\u0144stwa finansowego, brakiem znajomo\u015bci krajowego\nsystemu zatrudnienia, barierami j\u0119zykowymi wp\u0142ywaj\u0105cymi na zrozumienie praw, a\ntak\u017ce zwi\u0119kszonymi obci\u0105\u017ceniami zwi\u0105zanymi z opiek\u0105, kt\u00f3rych do\u015bwiadcza\u0142y g\u0142\u00f3wnie\nkobiety i dziewcz\u0119ta. Uchod\u017acy, kt\u00f3rzy zetkn\u0119li si\u0119 z dodatkowymi formami\ndyskryminacji i stygmatyzacji, jak np. uchod\u017acy pochodzenia romskiego, osoby\n\n - odmiennej orientacji seksualnej, to\u017csamo\u015bci p\u0142ciowej, ekspresji i cechach\nseksualnych (SOGIESC), jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c osoby z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami, mierz\u0105 si\u0119\nz wi\u0119kszym ryzykiem i potrzebuj\u0105 ukierunkowanego wsparcia.\n\n\nAby zaradzi\u0107 zidentyfikowanym powy\u017cej rodzajom ryzyka i wyzwaniom, konieczna jest\nwsp\u00f3\u0142praca organ\u00f3w rz\u0105dowych oraz organizacji humanitarnych, w kt\u00f3r\u0105 aktywnie\nw\u0142\u0105czane b\u0119d\u0105 lokalne organizacje prowadzone przez kobiety i samych uchod\u017ac\u00f3w,\ndzia\u0142aj\u0105ce we wszystkich sektorach. Kluczowe b\u0119dzie teraz nadanie priorytetowego\nznaczenia \u0142agodzeniu ryzyka przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 w odniesieniu do\nzidentyfikowanych czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka we wszystkich sektorach, tak by mo\u017cna by\u0142o\nzapewni\u0107 bezpiecze\u0144stwo i dobrostan uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, zw\u0142aszcza kobiet i dziewcz\u0105t, kt\u00f3re\nstanowi\u0105 64% populacji uchod\u017ac\u00f3w w Polsce [9] .\n\n#### **Zdrowie psychiczne i wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne**\n\n\nW raporcie opublikowanym przez WHO w grudniu 2022 r. odnotowano, \u017ce 10%\nrespondent\u00f3w zg\u0142osi\u0142o fakt, i\u017c emocje i stres powodowa\u0142y problemy\nz funkcjonowaniem na co dzie\u0144; ponad po\u0142owa z nich (56%) powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce\nprzyda\u0142oby im si\u0119 wsparcie psychologiczne [10] .\n\n\nW opublikowanym we wrze\u015bniu 2023 r. raporcie inicjatyw Save the Children oraz\nIMPACT podkre\u015blono, \u017ce dzieci w Polsce zg\u0142asza\u0142y poczucie osamotnienia i obawy\nspowodowane t\u0119sknot\u0105 za rodzin\u0105, przyjaci\u00f3\u0142mi i zwierz\u0119tami domowymi\npozostawionymi w Ukrainie. W raporcie podkre\u015blono, \u017ce rodzina, a zw\u0142aszcza matki\ni przyjaciele, to dla dzieci najbardziej zaufani doro\u015bli, u kt\u00f3rych mog\u0105 one szuka\u0107\nwsparcia. G\u0142\u00f3wne potrzeby, na kt\u00f3re dzieci same wskazywa\u0142y, obejmowa\u0142y lepszy\ndost\u0119p do zaj\u0119\u0107 pozalekcyjnych, zw\u0142aszcza sportowych, oraz wi\u0119cej czasu wolnego.\nChocia\u017c obawy psychospo\u0142eczne negatywnie wp\u0142ywa\u0142y na dobrostan dzieci i ich\nopiekun\u00f3w, w raporcie stwierdzono, \u017ce niewiele dzieci i opiekun\u00f3w pr\u00f3bowa\u0142o uzyska\u0107\ndost\u0119p do us\u0142ug wsparcia w ochronie zdrowia psychicznego i wsparcia\npsychospo\u0142ecznego. Z kolei dorastaj\u0105ce dziewcz\u0119ta w wi\u0119kszym stopniu ni\u017c\njakakolwiek inna grupa zg\u0142asza\u0142y, \u017ce chcia\u0142yby porozmawia\u0107 z psychologiem, ale nie\nwiedz\u0105, jak si\u0119 z tak\u0105 osob\u0105 skontaktowa\u0107, albo nie zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119 na to rodzice [11] .\n\n\nPonadto opiekunowie zg\u0142aszali obawy o zdrowie psychiczne i dobrostan dzieci,\nzw\u0142aszcza nastolatk\u00f3w ze wzgl\u0119du na ich niepewn\u0105 przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107. W ramach inicjatywy\nIRC w zakresie monitorowania ochrony dzieci stwierdzono, \u017ce jednym z kluczowych\nczynnik\u00f3w ryzyka wp\u0142ywaj\u0105cych na dobrostan dzieci jest poczucie izolacji\ni niewystarczaj\u0105ca integracja z polskim spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwem, wynikaj\u0105ca g\u0142\u00f3wnie z braku\nbieg\u0142o\u015bci j\u0119zykowej i zak\u0142adanych r\u00f3\u017cnic kulturowych, co prowadzi do ograniczenia\nkontakt\u00f3w z polskimi r\u00f3wie\u015bnikami. To z kolei przyczynia si\u0119 do poczucia samotno\u015bci,\npodobnie jak trudno\u015bci z utrzymaniem kontaktu z przyjaci\u00f3\u0142mi w Ukrainie lub innych\nkrajach.\n\n\n9 [Otwarte Dane, Szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe statystyki dot. os\u00f3b zarejestrowanych w rejestrze obywateli Ukrainy i cz\u0142onk\u00f3w ich](https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715%2Czarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/51354/table)\n[rodzin, wrzesie\u0144 2023 r.](https://dane.gov.pl/en/dataset/2715%2Czarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/51354/table)\n10 [WHO, Survey on Mental Health of Ukrainian Refugees in Poland, grudzie\u0144 2022 r.](https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/19-12-2022-new-research-reveals-how-war-related-distress-affects-mental-health-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-poland)\n11 [Save the Children and Impact Initiatives, Experiences, Needs and Aspirations of Children Adolescents and](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/experiences-needs-and-aspirations-of-children-adolescents-and-caregivers-displaced-from-ukraine/?_ga=2.129760588.1113878315.1695721795-1619300919.1691836973&_gl=1%2Ay7ufu5%2A_ga%2AMTYxOTMwMDkxOS4xNjkxODM2OTcz)\n[Caregivers displaced from Ukraine, wrzesie\u0144 2023 r.](https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/experiences-needs-and-aspirations-of-children-adolescents-and-caregivers-displaced-from-ukraine/?_ga=2.129760588.1113878315.1695721795-1619300919.1691836973&_gl=1%2Ay7ufu5%2A_ga%2AMTYxOTMwMDkxOS4xNjkxODM2OTcz)\n\n11 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "raporcie", - "confidence": 0.8041807413101196, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukrainie", - "confidence": 0.753557562828064, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rejestrze obywateli Ukrainy i cz\u0142onk\u00f3w ich", - "confidence": 0.6645103096961975, - "start": 553, - "end": 559 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5064923167228699, - "start": 576, - "end": 577 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9239052534103394, - "start": 566, - "end": 567 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "rodzin", - "confidence": 0.616206705570221, - "start": 563, - "end": 564 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nZ kolei publiczny system opieki zdrowotnej okaza\u0142 si\u0119 niewystarczaj\u0105co wydolny\nw odpowiedzi na rosn\u0105ce zapotrzebowanie. Dlatego nap\u0142ywaj\u0105 zg\u0142oszenia o d\u0142ugim\nczasie oczekiwania, co dotyczy zw\u0142aszcza \u015bwiadcze\u0144 psychiatrycznych dla dzieci\ni m\u0142odzie\u017cy, co stanowi potrzeb\u0119 krytyczn\u0105. Respondenci zg\u0142aszaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c bariery\nj\u0119zykowe i kulturowe w odniesieniu do publicznego systemu opieki zdrowotnej.\n\n\nOgraniczona dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 wsparcia w ochronie zdrowia psychicznego i wsparcia\npsychospo\u0142ecznego, w tym do specjalistycznej opieki w zakresie zdrowia\npsychicznego, pozostaje jednym z g\u0142\u00f3wnych czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka dla uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\nz Ukrainy. Z dost\u0119pnych raport\u00f3w wynika, \u017ce kobiety i osoby starsze w najwi\u0119kszym\nstopniu do\u015bwiadczaj\u0105 l\u0119ku w miar\u0119 jak sytuacja si\u0119 przeci\u0105ga, co mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 do\nsi\u0119gania po szkodliwe mechanizmy radzenia sobie z trudno\u015bciami.\n\n\nNadal istnieje luka w zakresie informacji dotycz\u0105cych wsparcia w ochronie zdrowia\npsychicznego i wsparcia psychospo\u0142ecznego, przy czym nap\u0142ywaj\u0105 zg\u0142oszenia\ndotycz\u0105ce dodatkowych wyzwa\u0144, przed jakimi staj\u0105 osoby z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bci\u0105\nw kontek\u015bcie dost\u0119pu do informacji i us\u0142ug. Sytuacj\u0119 dodatkowo zaostrza\nstygmatyzacja korzystania ze wsparcia w ochronie zdrowia psychicznego i wsparcia\npsychospo\u0142eczne, przez co promowanie zaufania i budowania wi\u0119zi mi\u0119dzy cz\u0142onkami\nspo\u0142eczno\u015bci b\u0119dzie wymaga\u0107 skoordynowanych dzia\u0142a\u0144.\n\n#### **Ryzyko w zakresie ochrony dotycz\u0105ce dzieci**\n\n\nWed\u0142ug w\u0142adz polskich dzieci stanowi\u0105 ok. 40% wszystkich uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy\nzarejestrowanych w Polsce jako obj\u0119tych ochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105. Maj\u0105 one szczeg\u00f3lne\npotrzeby dotycz\u0105ce ochrony i rozwoju.\n\n\nJako najwa\u017cniejsze problemy, przed jakimi staj\u0105 dzieci uchod\u017acze w Polsce,\nzidentyfikowano dost\u0119p do krajowego systemu edukacyjnego, zg\u0142aszane przypadki\ndyskryminacji oraz ograniczony dost\u0119p do us\u0142ug specjalistycznych, zw\u0142aszcza dla\ndzieci z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami.\n\n\n12 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n\n\n\nDost\u0119p do us\u0142ug opieki nad dzieckiem\nGospodarstwa domowe, w kt\u00f3rych jest\n\ndziecko poni\u017cej 5 r.\u017c.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNap\u0142ywaj\u0105 zg\u0142oszenia, \u017ce ograniczona dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 miejsc w przedszkolach\npublicznych jest przeszkod\u0105 w dost\u0119pie do edukacji przedszkolnej dla m\u0142odszych\ndzieci. W czasie dyskusji w ramach grup fokusowych kilkoro opiekun\u00f3w dzieci\nz niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami zg\u0142osi\u0142o trudno\u015bci ze znalezieniem us\u0142ug rehabilitacyjnych\ni pomocy psychologicznej dla ich dzieci, spowodowane brakiem us\u0142ug\nspecjalistycznych lub dost\u0119pnych miejsc.\n\n\nW Polsce istnieje obowi\u0105zek szkolny dla wszystkich dzieci w wieku 6\u201315 lat\nprzebywaj\u0105cych na terytorium kraju oraz obowi\u0105zek edukacji przynajmniej\nw niepe\u0142nym wymiarze godzin dla dzieci w wieku 15\u201318 lat. Jednak w marcu 2022 r.\npolski rz\u0105d wyda\u0142 rozporz\u0105dzenie [12] zwalniaj\u0105ce dzieci ukrai\u0144skie z obowi\u0105zku\nszkolnego, je\u015bli rodzice podpisz\u0105 deklaracj\u0119, \u017ce ich dzieci uczestnicz\u0105 w edukacji\nzdalnej zgodnej z ukrai\u0144skim programem nauczania. Zatem dzieci uchod\u017acze\nz Ukrainy mog\u0105 by\u0107 zapisane do polskich szk\u00f3\u0142, realizowa\u0107 edukacj\u0119 zdaln\u0105 zgodnie\nz programem ukrai\u0144skim lub korzysta\u0107 zar\u00f3wno z formy stacjonarnej, jak i zdalnej.\n\n\nDzieci w wieku szkolnym, kt\u00f3re zg\u0142asza\u0142y korzystanie zar\u00f3wno z polskiej edukacji\nformalnej, jak i edukacji zdalnej zgodnie z ukrai\u0144skim programem nauczania, w czasie\ndyskusji w ramach grupy fokusowej z UNHCR informowa\u0142y, \u017ce zdecydowa\u0142y si\u0119 na t\u0119\nopcj\u0119, by lepiej zintegrowa\u0107 si\u0119 z polskim spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwem, nawi\u0105za\u0107 tu przyja\u017anie,\na jednocze\u015bnie przygotowa\u0107 si\u0119 na ewentualny powr\u00f3t do kraju w przysz\u0142o\u015bci. Dzieci\nte zg\u0142asza\u0142y te\u017c jednak poczucie przyt\u0142oczenia konieczno\u015bci\u0105 ucz\u0119szczania do polskiej\nszko\u0142y za dnia i uczenia si\u0119 zdalnie wieczorami.\n\n\nWi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 dzieci uchod\u017aczych w Polsce nie jest zapisana do polskiego systemu\nedukacyjnego. Jak wynika z danych Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej, pod koniec roku\nszkolnego 2022/23 do polskich szk\u00f3\u0142 zapisanych by\u0142o mniej ni\u017c po\u0142owa dzieci\nuchod\u017aczych; spo\u015br\u00f3d nastolatk\u00f3w obj\u0119tych obowi\u0105zkiem edukacji na poziomie\nponadpodstawowym 78% dzieci pozostawa\u0142o poza polskim systemem\nedukacyjnym [13] .Dzieci uczestnicz\u0105ce w edukacji zdalnej zgodnie z ukrai\u0144skim\nprogramem nauczania zg\u0142asza\u0142y obawy zwi\u0105zane z izolacj\u0105 i brakiem sieci\nspo\u0142ecznych.\n\n\nPonadto w ci\u0105gu roku szkolnego 2022/23 z polskiego systemu edukacyjnego odesz\u0142o\nponad 10 000 dzieci uchod\u017aczych: w pa\u017adzierniku 2022 r. zapisanych by\u0142o 144 228\ndzieci, a kwietniu 2023 r. \u2013 134 673 [14] . Fundacja Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej\nwykaza\u0142a, \u017ce spad\u0142 szczeg\u00f3lnie odsetek dzieci zapisanych do szk\u00f3\u0142 ponadpodstawowych \u2013 o 8% mi\u0119dzy pa\u017adziernikiem 2022 r. a kwietniem 2023 r. [15]\n\n\n12 [Rozporz\u0105dzenie Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 marca 2022 r.](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20220000645/O/D20220645.pdf)\n13 [Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej (CEO), Uczniowie uchod\u017aczy z Ukrainy w polskim systemie edukacji, kwiecie\u0144 2023 r.](https://ceo.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CEO_ukrainian_refugee_students_april_2023-ENG.pdf)\n14 [Otwarte Dane, Statystyki dotycz\u0105ce dzieci z Ukrainy w polskich szko\u0142ach.](https://dane.gov.pl/pl)\n15 Tam\u017ce, przypis 13.\n\n13 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nRodzice i opiekunowie dzieci zapisanych do polskich szk\u00f3\u0142 zg\u0142aszali, \u017ce ich dzieci s\u0105\ncz\u0119sto oddzielane od polskich r\u00f3wie\u015bnik\u00f3w i umieszczane w klasach ukrai\u0144skich,\nw kt\u00f3rych ucz\u0105 polscy nauczyciele. W polskich szko\u0142ach zaobserwowano narastaj\u0105c\u0105\ntendencj\u0119 do separowania uczni\u00f3w, przez co dwie spo\u0142eczno\u015bci funkcjonuj\u0105 osobno;\nprzejawia si\u0119 to tworzeniem \u201eklas dla cudzoziemc\u00f3w\u201d lub sadzeniem dzieci\nuchod\u017aczych razem zamiast z polskimi r\u00f3wie\u015bnikami [16] . Je\u015bli tego typu podej\u015bcia si\u0119\nutrzymaj\u0105, b\u0119d\u0105 stanowi\u0107 barier\u0119 dla integracji i pozostawiaj\u0105 niewiele przestrzeni dla\nkszta\u0142towania si\u0119 sp\u00f3jno\u015bci spo\u0142ecznej. Dzieci zwracaj\u0105 te\u017c uwag\u0119 na przypadki\nzn\u0119cania si\u0119 oraz stygmatyzacji, do kt\u00f3rych dochodzi w spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach goszcz\u0105cych\noraz w szkole.\n\n\nOpisane powy\u017cej czynniki ryzyka s\u0105 wi\u0119ksze w odniesieniu do uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy\nmierz\u0105 si\u0119 z dodatkowymi formami dyskryminacji lub stygmatyzacji, jak np. dzieci\nuchod\u017acze pochodzenia romskiego. Brak stabilnego dost\u0119pu do zakwaterowania, do\nkt\u00f3rego dok\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnice j\u0119zykowe, ograniczona zdolno\u015b\u0107 wch\u0142oni\u0119cia dzieci\nuchod\u017aczych przez polski system szkolny, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c brak mediator\u00f3w szkolnych\npochodzenia romskiego to najwa\u017cniejsze przeszkody dla integracji z krajowymi\nsystemami szkolnymi, jakie wymieniaj\u0105 organizacje kierowane przez Rom\u00f3w.\nW zestawieniu z niech\u0119ci\u0105 niekt\u00f3rych rodzic\u00f3w romskich wobec zapisania dzieci do\nsystemu krajowego stwarza sytuacj\u0119, w kt\u00f3rej ryzyko, \u017ce dzieci b\u0119d\u0105 poza szko\u0142\u0105\nprzez d\u0142u\u017cszy czas, znacznie ro\u015bnie.\n\n\nZ raport\u00f3w wynika, \u017ce potrzeby zg\u0142aszane przez dzieci obejmuj\u0105 lepszy dost\u0119p do\nlekcji polskiego i zaj\u0119\u0107 pozalekcyjnych, zw\u0142aszcza sportowych, oraz wi\u0119ksza ilo\u015b\u0107\nczasu wolnego. Z kolei opiekunowie podkre\u015blali, \u017ce najpilniejsz\u0105 potrzeb\u0105 ich dzieci\ns\u0105 zaj\u0119cia pozalekcyjne, a nast\u0119pnie \u015bwiadczenia zdrowotne, edukacja i opieka nad\ndzieckiem. Ponadto opiekunowie i \u015bwiadczeniodawcy wskazuj\u0105 na bariery\ninformacyjne oraz d\u0142ugi czas oczekiwania i ograniczon\u0105 dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 personelu jako na\nkluczowe przeszkody utrudniaj\u0105ce dost\u0119p do us\u0142ug.\n\n\nW ramach inicjatywy IRC w zakresie monitorowania ochrony dzieci stwierdzono\nr\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce kluczowym ryzykiem wp\u0142ywaj\u0105cym na dobrostan dzieci jest zaniedbanie\nze strony rodzic\u00f3w. Niekt\u00f3re dzieci, z kt\u00f3rymi przeprowadzono rozmowy, przyznawa\u0142y,\n\u017ce s\u0105 zaniedbywane przez rodzic\u00f3w/opiekun\u00f3w, z powodu zbytniego przyt\u0142oczenia\nprac\u0105 lub innymi rutynowymi czynno\u015bciami, lub ze rodzice nie interesuj\u0105 si\u0119\nproblemami dzieci z innych powod\u00f3w, takich jak ich w\u0142asne obawy o dyskryminacj\u0119,\nbrak \u015brodk\u00f3w utrzymania lub niepewno\u015b\u0107 co do przysz\u0142o\u015bci. Z kolei zaniedbanie ze\nstrony rodzic\u00f3w w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z potrzebami finansowymi prowadzi do przedwczesnego\nwej\u015bcia w doros\u0142o\u015b\u0107. Kilkoro nastolatk\u00f3w (w wieku 15\u201317 lat), z kt\u00f3rymi\nprzeprowadzono wywiad, by\u0142o zainteresowanych znalezieniem zatrudnienia celem\nfinansowego wspierania swoich rodzin. W\u015br\u00f3d dzieci zaobserwowano psychologiczne\nkonsekwencje przesiedlenia, izolacji i zaniedbania ze strony rodzic\u00f3w, takie jak\nproblemy z jedzeniem i spaniem, l\u0119k, poczucie straty oraz niepewno\u015b\u0107 co do\nprzysz\u0142o\u015bci. Jednocze\u015bnie niekt\u00f3re dzieci m\u00f3wi\u0142y, \u017ce po przyje\u017adzie do Polski\ndo\u015bwiadczy\u0142y pozytywnych zmian. Czuj\u0105 si\u0119 szcz\u0119\u015bliwsze i zdrowsze w por\u00f3wnaniu\nz tym, jak czu\u0142y si\u0119 w Ukrainie.\n\n\n16 [CEO, Uczniowie uchod\u017aczy w polskich szko\u0142ach, wrzesie\u0144 2023 r.](https://ceo.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Report_Refugee_Students_In_Polish_Schools_CEO_09_2023.pdf)\n\n\n14 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **Ryzyko w zakresie ochrony zwi\u0105zane z zatrudnieniem**\n\n\nSprawny dost\u0119p do przyznania status, wydania dokument\u00f3w oraz do rynku pracy dla\nuchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy znacznie zmniejszy\u0142 ryzyka zwi\u0105zane z ochron\u0105 w kontek\u015bcie\npracy, w por\u00f3wnaniu z innymi populacjami uchod\u017ac\u00f3w [17] . Jednak\u017ce wp\u0142yw przesiedlenia na mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 zatrudnienia oraz dost\u0119p do ofert pracy o odpowiednim poziomie\nwymaganych kwalifikacji jest znaczny i nie do przecenienia, podobnie jak potencjalne\nryzyko wykorzystywania w pracy, z jakim mierzy si\u0119 wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b w potrzebie.\n\n\nJak wynika z ankiety przeprowadzonej przez NRC w lutym 2023 r. [18], najwi\u0119cej\nrespondent\u00f3w (49%) zg\u0142osi\u0142o, \u017ce \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em dochod\u00f3w jest dla nich praca; na\noszcz\u0119dno\u015bci wskaza\u0142o 34%, a na pomoc humanitarn\u0105 27% respondent\u00f3w.\n\n\nW odniesieniu do os\u00f3b zatrudnionych dane UNHCR dotycz\u0105ce monitorowania\nochrony wskazuj\u0105 na dramatyczny spadek poziomu zatrudnienia przed i po\nprzesiedleniu dla uchod\u017ac\u00f3w w wieku 19\u201359 lat: w\u015br\u00f3d os\u00f3b z wy\u017cszym\nwykszta\u0142ceniem spad\u0142 on z 76% do 57%. Dla tej samej grupy bezrobocie wzros\u0142o z 4%\ndo 22% po przesiedleniu; dotyka ono w r\u00f3wnej mierze kobiet i m\u0119\u017cczyzn z tej grupy\nwiekowej, z kt\u00f3rymi przeprowadzono wywiady.\n\n\nDost\u0119p opieki nad dzieckiem nadal odgrywa kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 dla samotnych rodzic\u00f3w\nwychowuj\u0105cych dzieci w kontek\u015bcie podj\u0119cia zatrudnienia. Poniewa\u017c wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b\nprzyby\u0142ych z Ukrainy to kobiety z dzie\u0107mi, cz\u0119sto uciekaj\u0105ce bez swoich partner\u00f3w,\ndost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 odpowiedniej, przyst\u0119pnej cenowo opieki dla dzieci jest warunkiem\nkoniecznym dla integracji spo\u0142eczno-ekonomicznej uchod\u017aczy\u0144 [19] .\n\n\nCho\u0107 przyznaje si\u0119, \u017ce ze wzgl\u0119du na profil populacji wywiady przeprowadzono\ng\u0142\u00f3wnie z doros\u0142ymi kobietami, wp\u0142yw przesiedlenia na zatrudnienie wydaje si\u0119 by\u0107\nwi\u0119kszy w odniesieniu do m\u0119\u017cczyzn, gdy\u017c po przesiedleniu to oni cz\u0119\u015bciej s\u0105\nbezrobotni (28% m\u0119\u017cczyzn i 21% kobiet) i rzadziej s\u0105 zatrudnieni lub samozatrudnieni\n(odpowiednio 53% i 57%). Jak wynika z danych dotycz\u0105cych monitoringu ochrony,\n\n\n17 [OECD, What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women?, maj 2023 r.](https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/bb17dc64-en.pdf?expires=1695725356&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3B373B5834EC621C60A02F6CEB58EE85)\n18 [NRC, Hidden Hardship: One Year Living in Forced Displacement for Refugees from Ukraine, luty 2023 r.](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/hidden-hardship-one-year-living-forced-displacement-refugees-ukraine)\n19 Tam\u017ce, przypis 17.\n\n15 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nuchod\u017acy p\u0142ci m\u0119skiej cz\u0119\u015bciej ni\u017c kobiety w tym samym wieku i z takimi samymi kwalifikacjami znajduj\u0105 prac\u0119 wykonywan\u0105 zdalnie (13% vs. 11%) lub prowadz\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107\ngospodarcz\u0105 (5% vs. 2%), a rzadziej znajduj\u0105 prac\u0119 stacjonarn\u0105 (35% vs. 44%).\n\n\nW przypadku respondent\u00f3w w wieku 40\u201359 lat wp\u0142yw przesiedlenia jest wi\u0119kszy: przed\nwojn\u0105 stopa zatrudnienia wynosi\u0142a 83%, a obecnie spad\u0142a do 48%. R\u00f3\u017cnice mo\u017cna tylko\ncz\u0119\u015bciowo przypisa\u0107 wzrostowi odsetka os\u00f3b zajmuj\u0105cych si\u0119 rodzin\u0105 (wzrost z 7% do\n13%); wynikaj\u0105 one przede wszystkim z trudno\u015bci w znalezieniu pracy \u2013 bezrobocie\nprzed przesiedleniem wynosi\u0142o 4%, a po przesiedleniu do Polski wynosi 27%.\n\n\nOgraniczony dost\u0119p do mo\u017cliwo\u015bci zatrudnienia odpowiadaj\u0105cego kwalifikacjom\ni aspiracjom oraz bariery j\u0119zykowe to czynniki najcz\u0119\u015bciej wymieniane jako\nprzeszkody w poszukiwaniu pracy przez osoby bezrobotne, niezale\u017cnie od poziomu\nwykszta\u0142cenia. Je\u015bli chodzi o czynniki ryzyka zwi\u0105zane z ochron\u0105, nale\u017cy \u015bci\u015blej\nmonitorowa\u0107 kwestie takie jak wyd\u0142u\u017cone godziny pracy za niskim wynagrodzeniem\ni czasem w nieodpowiednich warunkach.\n\n\nW badaniu przeprowadzonym przez Agencj\u0119 Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej\n(FRA) w\u015br\u00f3d uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy przebywaj\u0105cych w UE, 16% respondent\u00f3w\nwspomnia\u0142o o tym, \u017ce musz\u0105 pracowa\u0107 bardzo d\u0142ugo, a 10% stwierdzi\u0142o, \u017ce otrzymuj\u0105\nniedostateczne wynagrodzenie lub w og\u00f3le go nie wyp\u0142acono. Ok. 8% os\u00f3b\nstwierdzi\u0142o, \u017ce nie mog\u0142y swobodnie komunikowa\u0107 si\u0119 z innymi pracownikami lub\nw og\u00f3le kimkolwiek innym. Taki sam odsetek (8%) zg\u0142osi\u0142 prac\u0119 bez umowy lub\nz umow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra nie obejmowa\u0142a wszystkich godzin pracy [20] .\n\n#### **Ryzyko zwi\u0105zane z handlem lud\u017ami**\n\n\nUwa\u017ca si\u0119, \u017ce ze wzgl\u0119du na profil populacji uchod\u017acy z Ukrainy s\u0105 bardziej zagro\u017ceni\nnara\u017ceniem na r\u00f3\u017cne formy handlu lud\u017ami, a sytuacj\u0119 jeszcze bardziej pogarsza\nprzesiedlenie. Ryzyko handlu lud\u017ami uznaje si\u0119 za wy\u017csze w odniesieniu do dzieci bez\nopieki osoby doros\u0142ej lub od niej oddzielone, a tak\u017ce uchod\u017ac\u00f3w bez dost\u0119pu do\nochrony tymczasowej, w tym os\u00f3b o narodowo\u015bci innej ni\u017c ukrai\u0144ska oraz obywateli\npa\u0144stw trzecich, je\u015bli nie s\u0105 one w stanie potwierdzi\u0107 swojego statusu przed Urz\u0119dem\nds. Cudzoziemc\u00f3w. Osoby zagro\u017cone bezpa\u0144stwowo\u015bci\u0105, uchod\u017acy bez dokument\u00f3w\noraz osoby do\u015bwiadczaj\u0105cego przeszk\u00f3d w uzyskaniu dokumentacji i korzystaniu\nz praw, w tym mniejszo\u015bci, r\u00f3wnie\u017c s\u0105 nara\u017cone na wi\u0119ksze ryzyko.\n\n\nNa wczesnych etapach kryzysu ukrai\u0144skiego ryzyko to wynika\u0142o g\u0142\u00f3wnie z oferowania\nuchod\u017acom transportu i zakwaterowania przez osoby niezarejestrowane i niezweryfikowane. Gdy liczba nap\u0142ywaj\u0105cych os\u00f3b zmala\u0142a, sytuacja uleg\u0142a znacznej poprawie.\nPonadto fakt, \u017ce osoby obj\u0119te ochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105 maj\u0105 bezpo\u015bredni dost\u0119p do\nlegalnego zatrudnienia i \u015bwiadcze\u0144 socjalnych, znacznie przyczyni\u0142 si\u0119 do zmniejszenia\nryzyka handlu lud\u017ami w odniesieniu do uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy. Jednak uchod\u017acy, kt\u00f3rzy\npilnie potrzebuj\u0105 znale\u017a\u0107 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o utrzymania, s\u0105 nara\u017ceni na wyzysk w pracy powi\u0105zany\nz handlem lud\u017ami. Formy handlu lud\u017ami, na kt\u00f3re nara\u017ceni s\u0105 uchod\u017acy z Ukrainy,\nobejmuj\u0105 wyzyskiwanie seksualne, prac\u0119 przymusow\u0105, nielegaln\u0105 adopcj\u0119 i wymuszon\u0105 przest\u0119pczo\u015b\u0107. Istniej\u0105 szczeg\u00f3lne obawy dotycz\u0105ce ryzyka internetowej rekrutacji\nm\u0142odych uchod\u017ac\u00f3w do cel\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z wyzyskiwaniem seksualnym, do czego\nprzyczynia si\u0119 powszechne korzystanie z medi\u00f3w spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych (szczeg\u00f3lnie\nz serwis\u00f3w takich jak Viber i Telegram) w celu znalezienia ofert pracy przez\nprzedstawicieli tej grupy, ze wzgl\u0119du na doniesienia o wykorzystywaniu medi\u00f3w\nspo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych przez handlarzy seksualnych do rekrutowania ofiar.\n\n\nChocia\u017c zagro\u017cenie handlem lud\u017ami uznawano za \u201ewysokie i bezpo\u015brednio zagra\u017caj\u0105ce\u201d, odpowiednie w\u0142adze odnotowa\u0142y raczej niewielk\u0105 liczb\u0119 ujawnionych przypadk\u00f3w,\n\n\n20 [Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej, \u201eFleeing Ukraine: Displaced people\u2019s experiences in the EU\u201d,](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/ukraine-survey)\n[luty 2023 r.](http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2023/ukraine-survey)\n\n16 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nkt\u00f3re dotyczy\u0142yby os\u00f3b poszkodowanych z Ukrainy. W \u015bwietle doniesie\u0144 o tym, \u017ce\nw\u015br\u00f3d uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy s\u0105 ofiary handlu lud\u017ami, kt\u00f3re nast\u0119pnie o powrocie\nz kraj\u00f3w UE szukaj\u0105 pomocy i wsparcia s\u0142u\u017cb ukrai\u0144skim, niewielka liczba ujawnionych\nprzypadk\u00f3w handlu lud\u017ami mo\u017ce wynika\u0107 z istnienia jakich\u015b barier w mechanizmach\nkierowania do odpowiednich s\u0142u\u017cb, w tym tak\u017ce braku zaufania do s\u0142u\u017cb reagowania lub\nograniczonej wiedzy co do tego, gdzie szuka\u0107 pomocy.\n\n#### **Mniejszo\u015bci**\n\n\nW czasie przymusowego przesiedlenia uchod\u017acy nale\u017c\u0105cy do mniejszo\u015bci mog\u0105 by\u0107\nwystawieni na podwy\u017cszone ryzyko zwi\u0105zane z ochron\u0105 oraz nara\u017ceni na trudno\u015bci\nz dost\u0119pem do kluczowych us\u0142ug, co wynika z d\u0142ugofalowego dziedzictwa\ndyskryminacji, wykluczenia i marginalizacji.\n\n\nOd pocz\u0105tku konfliktu schronienia w Polsce szuka\u0142a nieokre\u015blona liczba uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\npochodzenia romskiego [21] .Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce w\u015br\u00f3d milion\u00f3w os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re chcia\u0142y schroni\u0107\nsi\u0119 w Unii Europejskiej i s\u0105siednich krajach, ok. 100 000 os\u00f3b to Romowie. Jak wynika\nz opublikowanego niedawno raportu na temat sytuacji uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy\npochodzenia romskiego w Polsce, nie ma wiarygodnych, kompleksowych danych na\ntemat dok\u0142adnej ich liczby, potrzeb i warunk\u00f3w \u017cyciowych ludno\u015bci romskiej\nw Ukrainie [22] . Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce w Ukrainie przed ostatni\u0105 eskalacj\u0105 wojny mieszka\u0142o od\n200 000 do 400 000 Rom\u00f3w.\n\n\nJak informuje Fundacja W Stron\u0119 Dialogu, uchod\u017acy romscy przyje\u017cd\u017caj\u0105cy do Polski\nprzybywaj\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnie ze wschodniej Ukrainy, z region\u00f3w charkowskiego, donieckiego,\nodeskiego i \u017cytomierskiego. Jak donosz\u0105 organizacje romskie, uchod\u017acy romscy\nz Ukrainy przekraczaj\u0105 granic\u0119 du\u017cymi, wielopokoleniowymi grupami rodzinnymi\nlicz\u0105cymi kilkana\u015bcie os\u00f3b, sk\u0142adaj\u0105cymi si\u0119 z kobiet, dzieci, os\u00f3b starszych i m\u0119\u017cczyzn\nz niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami.\n\n\nNiesie to ze sob\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne wyzwania i ryzyka, zw\u0142aszcza pod k\u0105tem zapewnienia\nodpowiedniego zakwaterowania; dochodzi\u0142o do sytuacji, gdy romskie rodziny z dzie\u0107mi\nmusia\u0142y spa\u0107 na stacjach kolejowych, co sk\u0142oni\u0142o polskiego Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich do interwencji [23] . Jak zg\u0142aszaj\u0105 organizacje romskie, w Polsce uchod\u017acy tej\nnarodowo\u015bci s\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnie goszczeni w obiektach zakwaterowania prowadzonych lub\nzarz\u0105dzanych przez w\u0142adze, urz\u0119dy miast lub gmin b\u0105d\u017a ich wydzia\u0142y, lub w obiektach\nprowadzonych przez organizacje pozarz\u0105dowe [24] .Uchod\u017acy romscy cz\u0119sto musz\u0105 d\u0142u\u017cej\nkorzysta\u0107 z obiekt\u00f3w zakwaterowania zapewnianych przez lokalne w\u0142adze, goszcz\u0105cych du\u017c\u0105 liczb\u0119 uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, gdzie brak odpowiednich mechanizm\u00f3w nadzoru i monitorowania pod wzgl\u0119dem standard\u00f3w ochrony i zwi\u0105zanych z tym czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka.\nW obiektach zbiorowego zakwaterowania zaobserwowano segregacj\u0119 uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\nukrai\u0144skich pochodzenia romskiego i innego, kt\u00f3ra ma s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 minimalizacji konflikt\u00f3w\ni napi\u0119\u0107, wynikaj\u0105cych cz\u0119sto z braku zrozumienia kultury romskiej oraz z dyskryminacji.\n\n\nOrganizacje romskie donosz\u0105 - wyzwaniach zwi\u0105zanych z poszukiwaniem\nodpowiedniego d\u0142ugoterminowego niezale\u017cnego miejsca zamieszkania, co cz\u0119sto jest\nkonsekwencj\u0105 zar\u00f3wno dyskryminacyjnych postaw wobec uchod\u017ac\u00f3w romskich, jak\ni podtrzymywaniem sp\u00f3jno\u015bci spo\u0142eczno\u015bci i jedno\u015bci rodziny. Rodziny romskie\nzg\u0142asza\u0142y przypadki dyskryminacji oraz uprzedze\u0144, kt\u00f3rych do\u015bwiadcza\u0142y przy\nposzukiwaniu prywatnych mieszka\u0144; obejmowa\u0142o to wy\u017cszy odsetek odpowiedzi\n\n\n21 [Komisja Europejska, O\u015bwiadczenie wiceprzewodnicz\u0105cej KE Very Jourovej z okazji Mi\u0119dzynarodowego Dnia Rom\u00f3w,](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_22_2326)\nkwiecie\u0144 2022 r.\n22 [Fundacja W Stron\u0119 Dialogu, Prawa cz\u0142owieka, potrzeby i dyskryminacja \u2013 sytuacja romskich uchod\u017ac\u00f3w z Ukrainy](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/raporty/)\n[w Polsce, wrzesie\u0144 2022 r.](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/raporty/)\n23 [Pismo polskiego Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich do Biura Wojewody Podkarpackiego w Rzeszowie, 7 listopada 2022 r.](https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/sites/default/files/2022-11/Do_wojewody_Przemysl_Romowie_Ukraina_7.11.2022.pdf)\n24 [Fundacja W Stron\u0119 Dialogu, To nie s\u0105 uchod\u017acy, tylko podr\u00f3\u017cnicy\u201d. Sytuacja romskich os\u00f3b uchod\u017aczych](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Report_They-Are-Not-Refugees_They-Are-Travellers.pdf)\n[w wojew\u00f3dztwie podkarpackim. Raport monitoringowy 2022\u20132023, lipiec 2023 r.](https://fundacjawstronedialogu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Report_They-Are-Not-Refugees_They-Are-Travellers.pdf)\n\n17 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nodmownych lub wy\u017csze ryzyko (przymusowej) eksmisji, do czego przyczynia si\u0119 brak\nodpowiednich informacji na temat eksmisji oraz praw lokator\u00f3w w Polsce. Wysokie\nkoszty najmu na obszarach miejskich r\u00f3wnie\u017c zniech\u0119caj\u0105 rodziny od poszukiwania\nlokali prywatnych na rynku najmu, co nie pozostawia im innych opcji jak tylko pozosta\u0107\nw obiektach zbiorowego zakwaterowania, podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0107 dalej lub powr\u00f3ci\u0107 do Ukrainy.\n\n\nDodatkowymi wyzwaniami, z jakimi mierz\u0105 si\u0119 uchod\u017acy pochodzenia romskiego, s\u0105\nzdobycie zatrudnienia, dost\u0119p do informacji oraz kluczowych us\u0142ug takich jak opieka\nzdrowotna, wsparcie psychologiczne i edukacja. Dyskryminacyjne postawy wobec\nmniejszo\u015bci cz\u0119sto prowadz\u0105 do zaostrzenia tych trudno\u015bci, podkopuj\u0105 zaufanie do\ninstytucji i pog\u0142\u0119biaj\u0105 poczucie marginalizacji i izolacji.\n\n#### **Zalecenia**\n\n\n**Status i dokumenty**\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony pragnie podkre\u015bli\u0107 potrzeb\u0119 zagwarantowania, aby osoby obj\u0119te\nochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105 przebywaj\u0105ce w Polsce i powracaj\u0105ce do niej z podr\u00f3\u017cy\npoza stref\u0119 Schengen mog\u0142y ponownie wjecha\u0107 do kraju i w pe\u0142ni korzysta\u0107\nz przys\u0142uguj\u0105cych im praw, w tym z automatycznego przywr\u00f3cenia statusu\ni uprawnie\u0144. Powinno si\u0119 to odbywa\u0107 bez uszczerbku dla czasu sp\u0119dzonego za\ngranica, poniewa\u017c automatyczne przywr\u00f3cenie statusu przewiduje specustawa.\nNale\u017cy to u\u0142atwia\u0107 bez stwarzania dodatkowych trudno\u015bci, takich jak rygorystyczne\noceny czy dodatkowe procedury kontrolne, zgodnie z zasadami okre\u015blonymi\nw dyrektywie Rady 2001/55/WE.\n\n\n - P\u0142atno\u015bci z tytu\u0142u \u015bwiadcze\u0144 socjalnych powinny by\u0107 sprawnie wznawiane po\nreaktywowaniu statusu PESEL UKR przez Zak\u0142ad Ubezpiecze\u0144 Spo\u0142ecznych,\nzgodnie z zapisami specustawy.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zwraca uwag\u0119 na potrzeb\u0119 dost\u0119pu do procedury apelacyjnej oraz\nskutecznych \u015brodk\u00f3w zaradczych dla os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3rym anulowano ochron\u0119\ntymczasow\u0105 (dezaktywowano PESEL UKR) lub kt\u00f3re nie zarejestrowa\u0142y si\u0119\nw przepisowym okresie 30 dni od pierwszego wjazdu do Polski, zgodnie\nz dyrektyw\u0105 Rady 2001/55/WE.\n\n\n - Wszystkie podmioty przekazuj\u0105ce osobom obj\u0119tym ochron\u0105 tymczasow\u0105\ninformacje na temat przekraczania granicy zach\u0119ca si\u0119, by zadba\u0142y o to, by osoby\nprzekraczaj\u0105ce granic\u0119 mia\u0142y dost\u0119p do precyzyjnych, wiarygodnych informacji na\ntemat przys\u0142uguj\u0105cych im praw i obowi\u0105zk\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rym podlegaj\u0105. Informacje takie\nnale\u017cy przekazywa\u0107 w preferowanym przez te osoby j\u0119zyku, w tym po ukrai\u0144sku\ni rosyjsku; powinny one te\u017c by\u0107 dost\u0119pne w ro\u017cnych formatach i za po\u015brednictwem\nr\u00f3\u017cnych kana\u0142\u00f3w komunikacji.\n\n\n**Zapobieganie przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, zmniejszania zagro\u017cenia tak\u0105 form\u0105**\n**przemocy i interweniowanie w razie jej wyst\u0105pienia**\n\n\n - Nadanie zagadnieniom przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 oraz ochrony przed\nwyzyskiwaniem i wykorzystywaniem seksualnym centralnego miejsca pozostaje\nd\u0142ugofalowym zadaniem dla organizacji humanitarnych dzia\u0142aj\u0105cych w Polsce.\nDlatego te\u017c zagadnienie to nale\u017cy traktowa\u0107 priorytetowo w toku dalszych dzia\u0142a\u0144\nw ko\u0144c\u00f3wce 2023 r. i w 2024 r., poniewa\u017c przeci\u0105gaj\u0105cy si\u0119 kryzys prowadzi do\nzwi\u0119kszenia ryzyka dla kobiet i dzieci uchod\u017aczych na wszystkich p\u0142aszczyznach.\n\n\n - W odniesieniu do zidentyfikowanych czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka w zakresie przemocy ze\nwzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 oraz wyzyskiwania i wykorzystywania seksualnego\n\n\n18 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\nsektor ochrony zaleca, aby wszystkie zaanga\u017cowane podmioty, w tym w\u0142adze\npa\u0144stwowe, organizacje humanitarne oraz organizacje kierowane przez kobiety\ni uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, promowa\u0142y dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 wielosektorowych us\u0142ug, w tym wsparcia\nw zakresie zdrowia psychicznego, wsparcia psychospo\u0142ecznego, bezpiecze\u0144stwa/schronienia, bezpiecze\u0144stwa, zdrowia oraz pomocy prawnej os\u00f3b\ndotkni\u0119tych przemoc\u0105 ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107.\n\n\n - Pod tym wzgl\u0119dem sektor ochrony zach\u0119ca wszystkich interesariuszy, by nadal\npropagowali wiedz\u0119 i podnosili \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107 na temat dost\u0119pnych us\u0142ug\nw obszarze przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 w r\u00f3\u017cnych spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach\nuchod\u017aczych, metodami preferowanymi przez r\u00f3\u017cnych cz\u0142onk\u00f3w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci,\nw tym przez osoby z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami, a tak\u017ce by nadal koordynowali,\nsystematycznie obserwowali skierowania do odpowiednich s\u0142u\u017cb i podejmowali\ndalsze kroki w tym zakresie, tak by mo\u017cna by\u0142o dalej opracowywa\u0107 programy\ndotycz\u0105ce przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 oparte na dowodach.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zwraca uwag\u0119 na potrzeb\u0119 wdro\u017cenia zintegrowanego podej\u015bcia\ndo reagowania na przemoc ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, akcentuj\u0105cego wzmocnienie\npozycji nara\u017conych os\u00f3b oraz os\u00f3b dotkni\u0119tych przemoc\u0105 ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, ze\nszczeg\u00f3lnym ukierunkowaniem na gospodarstwa domowe, na czele kt\u00f3rych stoj\u0105\nkobiety. Ponadto sektor proponuje, aby wszystkie podmioty promowa\u0142y integracj\u0119\nspo\u0142eczno-ekonomiczn\u0105 takich os\u00f3b w po\u0142\u0105czeniu ze wsparciem w zakresie opieki\nnad dzie\u0107mi, edukacji, j\u0119zyka oraz w ochronie zdrowia psychicznego i wsparciem\npsychospo\u0142ecznym.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony podkre\u015bla potrzeb\u0119, aby wszystkie podmioty podejmowa\u0142y\nskoordynowane dzia\u0142ania celem zmniejszenia stygmatyzacji oraz zachowa\u0144\ndyskryminacyjnych wobec grup uchod\u017ac\u00f3w zagro\u017conych wykluczeniem, kt\u00f3re s\u0105\nbardziej nara\u017cone na przemoc ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107; dotyczy to mniejszo\u015bci, os\u00f3b\nz niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami, os\u00f3b starszych oraz uchod\u017ac\u00f3w o odmiennej orientacji\nseksualnej, to\u017csamo\u015bci p\u0142ciowej, ekspresji p\u0142ciowej oraz cechach p\u0142ciowych,\npoprzez aktywne stawianie w centrum ich potrzeb i priorytet\u00f3w pod wzgl\u0119dem\nzapobiegania przemocy ze wzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107, zmniejszania ryzyka jej wyst\u0105pienia\noraz opracowywaniu program\u00f3w reagowania.\n\n\n - Wszystkie rekomendacje dotycz\u0105ce ograniczania zagro\u017cenia przemoc\u0105 ze\nwzgl\u0119du na p\u0142e\u0107 b\u0119d\u0105 wymaga\u0107 ustanowienia bezpiecznych, poufnych\ni wra\u017cliwych mechanizm\u00f3w przekazywania informacji zwrotnych we wszystkich\nsektorach, w oparciu o zr\u00f3\u017cnicowane potrzeby cz\u0142onk\u00f3w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci, wraz\nz zapewnieniem odpowiedzi na otrzymywane informacje zwrotne, a tak\u017ce\npromowania analizy, raportowania i zrozumienia.\n\n\n**Zdrowie psychiczne i wsparcie psychospo\u0142eczne**\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca promowanie opartych na spo\u0142eczno\u015bci dzia\u0142a\u0144 w zakresie\nwsparcia psychospo\u0142ecznego oraz skalowalnych interwencji skierowanych do grup\nuchod\u017ac\u00f3w, ze szczeg\u00f3lnym uwzgl\u0119dnieniem dzieci, m\u0142odzie\u017cy, os\u00f3b starszych\noraz gospodarstw domowych prowadzonych przez kobiety.\n\n\n - Konieczne jest wsp\u00f3lne dzia\u0142anie wszystkich cz\u0142onk\u00f3w sektora w celu promowania\nzaufania oraz budowania wi\u0119zi pomi\u0119dzy cz\u0142onkami spo\u0142eczno\u015bci, a tak\u017ce\nposzerzania grupowych interwencji w zakresie wsparcia w ochronie zdrowia\npsychicznego i wsparcia psychospo\u0142ecznego w celu wzmacniania wi\u0119zi\nspo\u0142ecznych oraz wsparcia psychospo\u0142ecznego, w tym poprzez rekreacj\u0119, sztuk\u0119,\nsport i wydarzenia kulturalne/spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowe, kt\u00f3re b\u0119d\u0105 miejscem spotkania\nuchod\u017ac\u00f3w oraz cz\u0142onk\u00f3w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci goszcz\u0105cej.\n\n\n19 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n**Ochrona dzieci**\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca promowanie znacz\u0105cego uczestnictwa w projektowaniu\ni wdra\u017caniu program\u00f3w na rzecz ochrony dzieci poprzez konsultacje z dzie\u0107mi\ni m\u0142odzie\u017c\u0105, prowadzone przez podmioty rz\u0105dowe, humanitarne i organizacje\nspo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa obywatelskiego.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca, by opiekunom, dzieci i m\u0142odzie\u017cy przekazywano informacje\ndotycz\u0105ce praw, uprawnie\u0144 oraz specjalistycznych us\u0142ug, uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105ce kwestie\ndotycz\u0105ce dzieci.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca promowanie i u\u0142atwianie dost\u0119pu dzieci uchod\u017aczych do\npunkt\u00f3w oferuj\u0105cych edukacj\u0119 przedszkoln\u0105, tak by ich opiekunowie mieli dost\u0119p\ndo \u015brodk\u00f3w utrzymania, ale te\u017c by wspiera\u0107 integracj\u0119 i sp\u00f3jno\u015b\u0107 spo\u0142eczn\u0105.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca zwi\u0119kszone ukierunkowanie na w\u0142\u0105czenie dzieci\nuchod\u017aczych w polski system edukacyjny oraz wspieranie sp\u00f3jno\u015bci spo\u0142ecznej\ni w\u0142\u0105czenia w \u015brodowisku klas szkolnych, poprzez oferowanie wieloaspektowego\nwsparcia dla systemu edukacyjnego, w tym dla szk\u00f3\u0142, nauczycieli, rodzic\u00f3w\ni uczni\u00f3w b\u0119d\u0105cych uchod\u017acami.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca, aby organizacje humanitarne dostosowywa\u0142y programy\nukierunkowane na \u015bwiadczenie pomocy psychologicznej i psychospo\u0142ecznego\ndzieciom, ze szczeg\u00f3lnym uwzgl\u0119dnieniem zmieniaj\u0105cych si\u0119 potrzeb i sytuacji\nnastolatk\u00f3w i m\u0142odzie\u017cy.\n\n\n**Ochrona uchod\u017ac\u00f3w pochodzenia romskiego**\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca, aby wszystkie podmioty, w tym w\u0142adze pa\u0144stwowe\ni lokalne, zarz\u0105dzaj\u0105cy obiektami zbiorowego zakwaterowania, a tak\u017ce\norganizacje humanitarne, \u015bci\u015ble wsp\u00f3\u0142pracowa\u0142y z organizacjami romskimi, tak by\nskuteczniej zaradzi\u0107 szczeg\u00f3lnym potrzebom (w tym zakresie przyj\u0119cia\ni zakwaterowania) oraz wyzwaniom pod k\u0105tem ochrony, z jakimi mierz\u0105 si\u0119\nuchod\u017acy pochodzenia romskiego.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zwraca uwag\u0119 na konieczno\u015b\u0107 wdro\u017cenia zintegrowanego podej\u015bcia\ncelem zapewnienia skutecznego, r\u00f3wnego, niezak\u0142\u00f3conego dost\u0119pu do informacji\noraz dobrej opieki zdrowotnej i us\u0142ug spo\u0142ecznych, zw\u0142aszcza dla tych mniejszo\u015bci,\nkt\u00f3re s\u0105 bardziej nara\u017cone na ryzyko lub \u017cyj\u0105 w spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach\nzmarginalizowanych lub odleg\u0142ych, zgodnie z zaleceniem Rady z dnia 12 marca\n2021 r. w sprawie r\u00f3wnouprawnienia, w\u0142\u0105czenia i partycypacji Rom\u00f3w\n(2021/C 93/01).\n\n\n**Zatrudnienie**\n\n\n - Zaleca si\u0119, aby sektory ochrony oraz integracji ekonomicznej zwi\u0119kszy\u0142y wsparcie\noferowane rz\u0105dowi polskiemu w promowaniu sesji zwi\u0119kszania \u015bwiadomo\u015bci na\ntemat polskiego prawa pracy, wraz z organizacjami humanitarnymi, tak by\nzapobiega\u0107 pracy dzieci oraz ryzykom zwi\u0105zanym z prac\u0105 nielegaln\u0105 lub\nwyzyskiem w pracy.\n\n\n20 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n\n - Sektory te maj\u0105 promowa\u0107 \u015bcis\u0142\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142prac\u0119 z Pa\u0144stwow\u0105 Inspekcj\u0105 Pracy oraz\nwsp\u00f3lnie promowa\u0107 w\u015br\u00f3d uchod\u017ac\u00f3w mechanizmy zg\u0142aszania nieprawid\u0142owo\u015bci.\n\n\n - Zaleca si\u0119, by sektory te d\u0105\u017cy\u0142y do nawi\u0105zywania wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy ze zwi\u0105zkami\nzawodowymi celem wsp\u00f3lnych dzia\u0142a\u0144 rzeczniczych na rzecz poszanowania praw\npracowniczych w miejscu pracy.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca, aby organizacje humanitarne zapewnia\u0142y uchod\u017acom,\nkt\u00f3rzy mo\u017ce maj\u0105 zbyt wysokie kwalifikacje i wykonuj\u0105 prac\u0119 wymagaj\u0105c\u0105\nmniejszych umiej\u0119tno\u015bci, zindywidualizowane poradnictwo zawodowe, w miar\u0119\nmo\u017cliwo\u015bci i stosownie do sytuacji, w po\u0142\u0105czeniu ze wsparciem w ochronie zdrowia\npsychicznego i wsparciem psychospo\u0142ecznym.\n\n\n**Zapobieganie handlowi lud\u017ami i reagowanie na to zjawisko**\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony przyjmuje do wiadomo\u015bci ameryka\u0144ski raport dotycz\u0105cy handlu\nlud\u017ami [25] i zgodnie z zasad\u0105 \u201etrzech P\u201d (z ang. _prosecution, protection and_\n_prevention_, \u015bciganie, ochrona i zapobieganie) zaleca wielosektorowe podej\u015bcie\nrealizowane wsp\u00f3lnie z rz\u0105dem, sektorem prywatnym, spo\u0142eczno\u015bci\u0105\nhumanitarn\u0105, osobami pokrzywdzonymi oraz organizacjami prowadzonymi przez\ntakie osoby, celem u\u0142atwiania prowadzenia post\u0119powa\u0144 i \u015bcigania winnych,\nwspierania dzia\u0142a\u0144 na rzecz identyfikacji i ochrony os\u00f3b pokrzywdzonych oraz\nopracowywania ukierunkowanych program\u00f3w zapobiegawczych.\n\n\n - Sektor ochrony zaleca wzmacnianie \u015bwiadomo\u015bci w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci uchod\u017ac\u00f3w\nw zakresie statusu prawnego i uprawnie\u0144 stosowanie do zmieniaj\u0105cych si\u0119\nprzepis\u00f3w o ochronie tymczasowej, tak by uchod\u017acy rozumieli sw\u00f3j status prawny\ni byli odpowiednio wyposa\u017ceni w informacje o tym, gdzie i w jaki spos\u00f3b zg\u0142asza\u0107\nnieprawid\u0142owo\u015bci.\n\n\n - Na podstawie opublikowanego niedawno raportu Grupy Ekspert\u00f3w do spraw\nDzia\u0142a\u0144 Przeciwko Handlowi Lud\u017ami ( _Group of experts on action against trafficking_\n_in human beings,_ GRETA) [26] sektor ochrony powtarza zalecenia i postulaty\nskierowane do w\u0142adz Polski, aby wzmocniono bezpieczne mechanizmy zg\u0142aszania\nnieprawid\u0142owo\u015bci i skarg dla pracownik\u00f3w, tak by ofiary nadu\u017cy\u0107 lub sytuacji\nnacechowanych wyzyskiem mog\u0142y poinformowa\u0107 o swoim przypadku bez obawy\nprzed reperkusjami. Z danych monitoringu ochrony jasno wynika, \u017ce uchod\u017acy\nuciekaj\u0105cy z Ukrainy s\u0105 wysoce nara\u017ceni na wyzysk w pracy, do czego mo\u017ce si\u0119\nprzyczynia\u0107 brak odpowiednich inspekcji pracy oraz mechanizm\u00f3w zg\u0142aszania\nnieprawid\u0142owo\u015bci.\n\n\n25 [US Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report 2023, czerwiec 2023 r.](https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Trafficking-in-Persons-Report-2023_Introduction-V3e.pdf)\n26 [Rada Europy, GRETA, Evaluation Report Poland, czerwiec 2023 r.](https://rm.coe.int/greta-evaluation-report-on-poland-3rd-evaluation-round-greta-2023-08-a/1680ab7039)\n\n\n21 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**POLSKA**\n**SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ**\n**PA\u0179DZIERNIK 2023 R.**\n\n#### **Organizacje, kt\u00f3re wnios\u0142y sw\u00f3j wk\u0142ad** **Skontaktuj si\u0119 z nami**\n\n\n**Lorena Isla Rodriguez**\nKoordynatorka Sektora Ochrony Prawnej, UNHCR\n**[isla@unhcr.org](mailto:isla@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n**Katarzyna Przybys\u0142awska**\nKoordynatorka Sektora Ochrony Prawnej, Centrum Pomocy Prawnej im. Haliny Nie\u0107\n**[przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org](mailto:przybyslawska@pomocprawna.org)**\n\n\n22 | S t r o n a\nPOLSKA | SEKTOROWA ANALIZA DOST\u0118PU UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W DO OCHRONY PRAWNEJ\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66c91cac-a91b-40ab-8f8c-455309808f29/Regional%20Refugee%20Response%20for%20the%20Ukraine%20Situation%20-%20Poland%20-%20Joint%20Protection%20Analysis%20%28October%202023%29%20%5BPL%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_61/raw/doc_61_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_61/raw/doc_61_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d87faf9d229510ef7709e93cf1b677312750344b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_61/raw/doc_61_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Note d\u2019analyse de protection sur le retour de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes** **(PDI) de Teguey**\n\n**Objectif**\nLe but de cette note est de fournir une analyse de protection li\u00e9e au retour de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes (PDI) de Teguey et formuler des recommandations visant \u00e0 renforcer la protection des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) dans le processus de solutions durables.\n\n**Rappel du contexte de d\u00e9placement de personnes du village de Teguey**\nLe village de Teguey est situ\u00e9 dans la commune rurale de Gorouol, (d\u00e9partement de Tera/r\u00e9gion de\nTillab\u00e9ry). Le mardi 24 janvier 2023, un ultimatum \u00e9mis par les Groupes Armes Non-Etatique (GANE)\naux populations les somme de quitter le village et les hameaux aux alentours dans les 48h. Les\npremiers mouvements de population commencent le 25 janvier 2023 lorsque environ 1,309 m\u00e9nages\n(soit 7 101 personnes) arrivent a Bankilar\u00e9. Dans la journ\u00e9e du 08 f\u00e9vrier 2023, les PDI de Teguey et\nhameaux se trouvant \u00e0 Bankilar\u00e9, regagnent leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine sous escortes militaires. Ce retour\nvoulu est soutenu par l\u2019Etat nig\u00e9rien qui a fait s\u00e9curiser les zones de retour par un d\u00e9tachement des\nforces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS). Une visite du ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur est effectu\u00e9e le 10 f\u00e9vrier\n2023 \u00e0 Teguey et le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2023 signe le d\u00e9part du d\u00e9tachement militaire FDS.\n\n**Analyse des r\u00e9sultats en mati\u00e8re de protection de la mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins des personnes**\n**retourn\u00e9es \u00e0 Teguey :** Une mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins des personnes retourn\u00e9es a Teguey est\neffectu\u00e9e du 8 au 10 mars par OCHA, HCR, COOPI, DRC, HELP, MAH/GC et CIAUD :\n\n\n - Le retour de la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 volontaire apr\u00e8s **les garanties de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 donn\u00e9es par les**\n**autorit\u00e9s.**\n\n\n - Quelques m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s **ressortissant de Teguey sont encore pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 T\u00e9ra** \u00e0 cause de\nmenace cibl\u00e9e.\n\n\n - Le **chef de village de Teguey** a \u00e9lu domicile dans une autre localit\u00e9 par crainte de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\n - **Des passages r\u00e9guliers** des **GANE** dans le village de retour sont constat\u00e9s par les populations.\n\n\n - La population \u00e0 **peur de communiquer avec les FDS**, et de d\u00e9noncer les mouvements ou la\npr\u00e9sence des GANE par crainte de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\n - La population de Teguey vit dans **la psychose**, depuis le **d\u00e9part le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2023, du**\n**d\u00e9tachement militaire** . Des patrouilles sont organis\u00e9es dans la zone tous les lundis jour de\nmarch\u00e9.\n\n\n - Les **mouvements des personnes sont limit\u00e9s** ce qui pourrait avoir un impact n\u00e9gatif sur la\ncapacit\u00e9 d\u2019exercer des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenu.\n\n\n - **La population a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime de vols de biens essentiels comme** les panneaux solaires, les\nbatteries, les biens vestimentaires, les stocks d\u2019aliments et les ustensiles de cuisine.\n\n\n - **Les animaux rest\u00e9s sur place ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9s**, privant ainsi les propri\u00e9taires d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment\nessentiel de leurs moyens d\u2019existence.\n\n - Des besoins importants pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 l\u2019eau, l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne\net l\u2019assainissement et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s.\n\n\n_Janvier 2023_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01ed30f-33d5-4db9-bd7e-d7d6a82e109c/2.%20Note%20d%27analyse%20de%20Protection%20-%20Retour%20de%20PDI%20a%20Teguy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Pr\u00e9occupations majeures de protection**\n\n\n - **Les garanties de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenues** sur le moyen et long terme. Les personnes\nretourn\u00e9es ne sont pas \u00e0 l\u2019abris de possible exactions des GANE et des incidents de protection\nintracommunautaire.\n\n\n - **Les populations peuvent \u00eatre victimes des exactions de GANE** ou de incidents de protection\nintracommunautaire et ne pas les rapporter par peur de repr\u00e9sailles par les GANE.\n\n\n - Avec la capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite d\u2019exercer les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenu, **certaines couches**\n**vuln\u00e9rables de la population peuvent recourir \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gative pour**\n**subvenir \u00e0 leur besoin** : mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement aux GANE, la traite des\npersonnes, exploitation sexuelle et sexe pour la survie.\n\n\n - **La fermeture des \u00e9coles continue de priver l\u2019acc\u00e8s** \u00e0 **l\u2019\u00e9ducation** \u00e0 **environ 500 \u00e9l\u00e8ves en proie**\n**\u00e0 des risques de protection** : mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement aux GANE, exploitation\nsexuelle et sexe pour la survie, exploitation et abus des enfants, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la\nviolence familiale, la traite des jeunes filles, la mendicit\u00e9.\n\n\n - **Les frais d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9** peuvent constituer un obstacle pour acc\u00e9der aux soins de sant\u00e9\npour les personnes retourn\u00e9es dont les sources de moyens de subsistance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es.\n\n\n - Le **retard d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse ad\u00e9quate** rapide aux besoins en \u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9, WASH, s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire et aux moyens de subsistance **peuvent accroitre les risques de protection.**\n\n\n**Recommandation cl\u00e9s**\n\n\n**Actions prioritaires** **Cible**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1. Plaider aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le
village de retour dans l\u2019esprit des principes de solutions durables pr\u00e9vus
par la loi 2018-74 afin de cr\u00e9er des conditions favorables \u00e0 la r\u00e9silience
des populations affect\u00e9es et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 des
personnes.|EHP|\n|---|---|\n|2. Engager des discussions avec les autorit\u00e9s par rapport aux actions de
solutions durables pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des personnes retourn\u00e9es
au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire.|EHP|\n|3. D\u00e9terminer les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse aux besoins identifi\u00e9s en \u00e9ducation,
sant\u00e9, WASH, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance,
protection (Qui, quoi et quand).|ICCG|\n|4. Identifier les gaps de la r\u00e9ponse aux besoins des personnes retourn\u00e9es
et mettre en \u0153uvre des solutions pour y r\u00e9pondre.|ICCG|\n|5. Renforcer et int\u00e9grer les sensibilisations sur les principes/crit\u00e8res de
solutions durables au niveau communautaires et au niveau des acteurs
\u00e9tatiques.|Partenaires
humanitaires,
\u00e9tatiques|\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a01ed30f-33d5-4db9-bd7e-d7d6a82e109c/2.%20Note%20d%27analyse%20de%20Protection%20-%20Retour%20de%20PDI%20a%20Teguy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_610/raw/doc_610_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_610/raw/doc_610_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3cb34d9cdc25360e9958a94093536aa6b2221c4a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_610/raw/doc_610_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,225 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Chad, Rapid Influx of Sudanese refugees in desperate need. \u00a9 UNHCR/Caitlin Kelly\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Trends at a Glance**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **65%**\n\nOF THE POPULATION\nUNDER UNHCR\u2019S\nMANDATE IN WEST AND\nCENTRAL AFRICA ARE\nINTERNALLY DISPLACED.\n\n\n##### **80%**\n\nOF REFUGEES AND\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\nIN THE REGION\nARE WOMEN AND\nCHILDREN.\n\n\n##### **47%**\n\nOF ALL REFUGEES\nAND ASYLUMSEEKERS ARE IN CHAD,\nMOSTLY FLEEING THE\nONGOING WAR IN\nSUDAN.\n\n\n##### **33%**\n\nOF REFUGEES,\nASYLUM-SEEKERS AND\nINTERNALLY DISPLACED\nPEOPLE ARE WITHIN THE\nCENTRAL SAHEL.\n\n\n\nAs of 30 April 2025, West and Central Africa hosted 12.7 million forcibly displaced and stateless individuals,\nincluding 8.2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 2.9 million refugees and asylum-seekers.\nThis total reflects a 48 per cent increase since 2020, when official figures stood at 8.6 million, underscoring\na worsening forced displacement crisis.\n\nThe number of people displaced and stateless between January and April 2025, stood at around 400,000\nand was mainly hosted in Chad and the Sahel countries. However, compared to April 2024, the overall\nnumber of displaced people dropped by 9 per cent. This decline is attributed to improved data collection\nmethodologies, particularly the documentation of IDP returnees over the past five years.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IDPs continue to represent the largest share of the displaced population. Nigeria, Burkina Faso,\nand Cameroon remain the most affected, hosting 44, 25, and 12 per cent of the region\u2019s IDPs, respectively\u2014\nfigures that reflect continuing insecurity and growing humanitarian needs in the Lake Chad Basin and the\nCentral Sahel.\n\nThe number of refugees and asylum-seekers increased by 13 per cent over the past year. Chad now hosts\nnearly half of the region\u2019s refugee population, followed by Cameroon with 15 per cent. Most refugees\noriginate from Sudan, the Central African Republic (CAR), and Nigeria, which together account for nearly\n75 per cent of the region\u2019s refugee outflows.\n\nAn estimated 631,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, mostly from Chad, Niger and Mali are currently\nunregistered, due to insufficient human and material resources needed to promptly respond to mass and\ncontinuing arrivals, posing challenges for protection and assistance.\n\nWest Africa is also home to over 900,000 stateless persons or individuals of undetermined nationality,\nprimarily in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Cabo Verde.\n\n\n**Demographics of forcibly displaced people in West and Central Africa as of 30 April 2025**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRukaiya Abdullahi, 14, centre, laughs with her friends Fatila Lawan, left, and Aisha Muhammed, right, at the El-Miskin camp for internally displaced people\n(IDPs) in Maiduguri, Borno state, northeastern Nigeria. \u00a9 UNHCR/Colin Delfosse\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographics of forcibly displaced people", - "confidence": 0.9264286160469055, - "start": 205, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West and Central Africa", - "confidence": 0.9618244767189026, - "start": 211, - "end": 215 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Overview of the four forced displacement crises (situations) in the region**\n\n\n\nREFUGEES AND\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\n\n\n\n**442,723**\n\nINTERNALLY\nDISPLACED PERSONS\n\n\n\nnearly 150,000 fewer compared to the same period in 2024, marking a slight improvement attributed to\nmore voluntary returns, after years of protracted displacement. About 442,700 Central Africans are displaced\nwithin CAR, over 283,400 are in exile in Cameroon, more than 207,100 are in the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (DRC), 141,700 in Chad, 35,400 in the Republic of Congo, 10,000 in Sudan, and 2,800 in South Sudan.\n\n\n\n**CAR & CHAD**\n**816,474**\n\n\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\n\n\n\n**6,360**\n\nREFUGEE\nRETURNEES\n\n\n\nAs of 30 April 2025, the conflict in Sudan had displaced approximately 12.7 million people globally, with Chad\nhosting around 779,500 and the Central African Republic receiving nearly 530,000 since April 2023. Arrivals\nduring the first quarter of 2025 were estimated at 53,500 in Chad, including some 7,500 Sudanese crossing\ninto Wadi Fira and Ennedi Est, in eastern Chad in April, and more than 8,200 in CAR. Chad is projected to\nreceive about 250,000 Sudanese refugees by the end of the year\u2014stretching its already limited resources.\n\n\n\n**345,065**\n\n\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\n\n\n\n\n\nexpanded, displacing approximately 3.4 million people across the region as of 30 April 2025. The main drivers\nof displacement remained ongoing violence perpetrated by non-state armed groups, chronic poverty and\nextreme weather events.\n\n\n\n**2,967,291**\n\nNTERNALLY\nDISPLACED PERSONS\n\n\n\n**SAHEL PLUS**\n**SITUATION**\n\n\n\n**1,056,618**\n\nREFUGEES AND\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\nThe number of forcibly displaced people within the Sahel has continued to grow. At the end of April 2025,\napproximately 4.3 million people remained forcibly displaced across the Sahel, nearly twice the 2.4 million\nreported at end-2020. Over three quarters of forcibly displaced people in the Sahel region were internally\ndisplaced within their own country, with nearly 2.1 million of them in Burkina Faso. The region continues to\nface a complex and deteriorating humanitarian situation, marked by a steady rise in violence that disrupts\nlives, displaces communities and hinders access to essential services and protection. At the same time,\nextreme weather events are increasing across the region, with widespread floods affecting millions of people,\ndestroying homes and infrastructure.\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Mixed Movements/Route-Based Approach**\n\n\n**Mixed Movements:** Many countries in the region serve as key transit points for people moving toward\nNorth Africa and Europe along well-established migration routes. These include the West Atlantic Route\u2014\nrunning through Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Senegal to the Canary Islands (Spain)\u2014and the Central\nMediterranean Route, from North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia) to Europe. These journeys\ncarry serious protection risks, including death, physical violence, trafficking and exploitation.\n\nIrregular arrivals along the West Atlantic Route have increased in recent years, with a 200 per cent increase\nbetween 2022 and 2024. However, the first quarter of 2025 has seen a reversal of this trend, with a\n34 per cent decrease in arrivals compared to the same period in 2024. From January to March 2025,\napproximately 10,500 individuals arrived in the Canary Islands. The most reported nationalities along this\ncorridor were Malian, Senegalese, and Guinean.\n\n**Route-Based Approach:** To address the complexity of mixed movements, UNHCR and IOM, developed\nthe Route-Based Approach, which provides a strategic framework for coordinated interventions along key\npoints of the journey\u2014from origin, through transit, to destination. The Route-Based-Approach emphasizes\nthe need to bring protection and solutions closer to those on the move, not only at the destination.\nThe approach is intended to ensure individuals have access to accurate information and safe alternatives\nbefore attempting dangerous journeys. In 2024, UNHCR strengthened border monitoring, communitybased referral mechanisms and asylum systems and provided 1,370 refugee youth with higher education\nscholarships as part of the operationalization of the Route-Based Approach in Chad, Mali and Niger.\n\n\nChad. Sudanese refugees arrive at border in Adre fleeing violence. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forced displacement, movement restrictions and food insecurity are exacerbating protection risks for**\n**millions of people in West and Central Africa**\n\nIn 2024 and 2025, around 29,700 interviews conducted through Project 21 (P21), a community-based,\nregional, and inter-agency protection monitoring system in conflict-affected communities in five countries\nrevealed that forced displacement, movement restrictions, and food insecurity are deeply interconnected\nand collectively exacerbate protection risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as women and children.\n\n\n**Protection risks and impacts from 2024 to 2025**\n\n**\u2022 Forced displacement**, often driven by insecurity, significantly increases protection incidents by over\n100 per cent\u2014particularly violence against women and girls and drives land conflicts, while restricting\naccess to essential services such as healthcare and water and intensifying inter-community tensions.\n\n- **Movement restrictions**, often due to recurrent threats by non-state armed groups and military operations,\nfurther limit access to education by over 40 per cent, reduce access to civil documentation and to land,\ntwice heightening feelings of insecurity and social fragmentation.\n\n- **Food insecurity** drives negative coping mechanisms, with a rise in child labour, early marriage of more\nthan 30 per cent, It is also associated with increased school dropout rates, declining access to basic\nservices, and a deterioration of social cohesion.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Solutions**\n\n**Voluntary returns of refugees and IDPs**\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation of 46 refugees from the Central African Republic - Departure from Maya Maya Airport, 19.11.2024 \u00a9 UNHCR/Elena LAURIOLA\n\n\n- **Refugee Returns:** Between January and April 2025, over 14,600 refugees voluntarily returned to\nNigeria, the Central African Republic, and Mali, through UNHCR-facilitated and government-organized\noperations.\n\n- Government-organized returns of over 12,000 Nigerian refugees comprising more than 7,000 people\nfrom Chad and nearly 5,000 from Niger to Borno State occurred outside tripartite legal frameworks.\nUNHCR advocated with the concerned governments to ensure that all returns take place in a coordinated\nmanner that upholds protection safeguards and ensures sustainable return and reintegration.\n\n- Of the 44,000 Cameroonian refugees who fled to Chad in 2022 following the Logone Birni crisis, about\n35,000 had voluntarily and spontaneously returned home by the end of the first quarter of 2025. UNHCR\nplans to facilitate the return of 5,000 more refugees by the end of the year and to integrate the residual\ngroup into the overall caseload of urban refugees in Chad.\n\n- Over 2,100 Central African refugees voluntarily returned from the DRC and Cameroon in 2025.\nSince 2017, about 52,900 refugees have returned to CAR\u201419,700 in 2024 alone, the highest annual\nreturn since the programme began; UNHCR facilitated 16,200 of these.\n\n- Under the Yaound\u00e9 Declaration and CAR Platform, 300,000 refugee returns to CAR are projected by\n2028, including 40,000 in 2025 especially from Cameroon and the DRC.\n\n- Total returns of refugees in West and Central Africa in 2024 were estimated at 78,000.\n\n- **Returns of IDPs** : Across the entire region, close to 260,000 internally displaced people have returned\nto their homes as of April 2025, with 194,200 in Mali and 64,700 in the Central African Republic.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Returns of IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7467179298400879, - "start": 328, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West and Central Africa", - "confidence": 0.9497095942497253, - "start": 312, - "end": 316 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9148095846176147, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced people", - "confidence": 0.9123621582984924, - "start": 344, - "end": 347 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Returns of IDPs in 2024 and during the first quater of 2025**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CAR** **CAMEROON** **MALI** **NIGERIA**\n\n\nTotal returns of refugees in 2025 Total returns of refugees in 2024\n\n\n**Returns of IDPs in 2024 and during the first quater of 2025**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CAR** **CAMEROON** **MALI** **NIGERIA**\n\n\nTotal returns IDPs in 2025 Total returns IDPs in 2024\n\n\nFormer Central African refugees arrive home in Carnot after spending years in Cameroon. \u00a9 UNHCR/Insa Wawa Diatta\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Returns of IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6170608401298523, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CAMEROON", - "confidence": 0.520161509513855, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6585018634796143, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7839874625205994, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6464235186576843, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Resettlement:**\n**Resettlement Departures**\n\n\n12 000\n\n\n10 000\n\n\n8 000\n\n\n6 000\n\n\n4 000\n\n\n2 000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nDepartures by Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n5 000\n\n4 000\n\n\n3 000\n\n2 000\n\n\n1 000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nAUL BEL CAN FIN FRA GFR NET NOR SWE USA Total\n\n\nDepartures by Year\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2022\n\n\n\n2023 2024 2025\n\n\n\n\n- In 2024, departures for resettlement rose by 34 per cent, reaching about 4,600 individuals, up from\napproximately 3,100 in 2023, marking the highest number of departures in the region in five years.\n\n- The highest departures were from Chad, followed by Cameroon and Nigeria, while nationals of the\nCentral African Republic and Sudan, comprised the highest number of people resettled.\n\n- Of the 10 countries of destination, the United States of America received the highest number of refugees\nfollowed by France and Canada.\n\n- This increase was due to higher resettlement submissions comprising about 4,000 individuals from\n14 countries in the region. Submissions have seen year-on-year growth between 2022 and 2024.\n\n- In 2025, UNHCR expects to process resettlement submissions for fewer displaced people from West\nand Central Africa. The regional resettlement quota has been reduced by 64 per cent compared to\n2024, due to the limited quotas offered by resettlement countries.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Naba Akbar Azien, an 8-year-old Sudanese girl poses in front of a building in Metch\u00e9, a refugee site in eastern Chad. \u00a9 UNHCR/Nicolo Fillipo Rosso\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL TRENDS:**\nFORCED DISPLACEMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA IN 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0d322a-3264-5ae6-b071-9100251274b8/Regional%20Trends%20WCA%2011_06_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_611/raw/doc_611_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_611/raw/doc_611_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3b98905860a1793d3d2ce2bf5fef194eef27b47f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_611/raw/doc_611_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,426 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "decade in terms of respect for human rights and humanitarian principles? Secondly, how do we keep ensuring that today, in the\nmulti-layered crises, that rights of people and the obligations of duty bearers under international law are understood, respected,\nprotected, and fulfilled without discrimination?\n\n\nThe UN Secretary-General\u2019s Call to Action for Human Rights calls for individual and collective responsibility to consider human\nrights in all decision-making, operations, and institutional commitments. This Call to Action recognizes that respect for human\nrights is an essential crisis prevention mechanism. But when prevention falls short and violence is rampant, people need protection. The Call to Action identifies diverse courses that can be taken:\n\n\n1- We can work hand-in-hand with Governments and other stakeholders, providing technical support to build national human\nrights institutions and guide the national application of international norms and standards. 2- We can speak out, identifying both\nviolations and violators. 3- We can work behind the scenes. 4- We can engage with the Security Council and human rights mechanisms to raise awareness, prevent crises, protect people, and ensure accountability, including through international criminal\ncourts and other mechanisms for global justice. There is a place for each of these approaches, and often several at once. The\nultimate test is meaningful change in people\u2019s lives.\n\n\nHuman rights aspirations define a hope and road map and a bond for all human beings to live to their fullest potential. Today, on\nthe frontlines of conflicts and disasters, it is high time to renew that bond.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **CONTEXT UPDATE**\n\nDuring this reporting period, March 2021 \u2013 May 2021, we have seen an intensification of conflict across multiple\ncontexts, resulting in situations of displacement, often forcing people who have been displaced on several previous\noccasions to once again leave their homes or shelters: In Sudan, hundreds of thousands of people were displaced\nin parts of the Darfur region due to a spike in intercommunal violence; in Mozambique increased attacks by non-state\narmed groups, deliberately targeting the civilian population, also triggered displacement; in Myanmar, the military\ncoup in February led to violent suppression of civilian protestors and there are warnings that the country is on the\nbrink of a return to civil war; in Afghanistan, ten members of the HALO Trust were killed, and 16 others injured, when\ngunmen burst into a demining camp in Baghlan-e-Markazi district in June; in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, the government declared a ceasefire after Tigrayan troops retook the regional capital Mekelle in June and in the same region\nthree staff members of M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) were killed in an attack. Alongside a rise in violence or\narmed conflict, the operating environment becomes increasingly difficult for humanitarian actors, meanwhile the\nfrequency of human rights violations increases, as does the imperative to provide lifesaving support.\n\n\nPsychological distress is continuously highlighted as being amongst the most severe protection concerns across all\noperations, and this is often linked to having been subject to human rights violations or the fear of violence and\nabuse. The psychological impact of violence on children is of ever-growing concern. In the wake of another escalation of conflict between Israeli forces and Palestinian armed groups, the levels of psychological distress amongst\nchildren are of paramount concern. As people in Gaza begin to rebuild their homes, they are forced to live with the\nconstant fear of the next spike of violence and the ever-compounding impact that this has on every aspect of their\nlives.\n\n\nSituations of armed conflict exacerbate pre-existing dynamics that discriminate against women and girls and\nexpose them to a higher risk of human rights violations. This includes early marriage, trafficking or exploitation, and\ngender-based violence, all of which further exacerbate levels of psychological distress. Although outside of situations of armed conflict, the levels of gender-based violence reported in Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador\nremains of severe concern and must not be overlooked. Across all operations, Protection Clusters continue to help\nto support people affected by these issues, but there is a necessity for increased resources to meet the acute levels\nof need.\n\n\nNatural disaster and climate change continue to exacerbate or drive humanitarian need across operations. Protection colleagues continue to respond to the needs of people affected by Hurricanes Eta and Iota in Honduras and\nCyclone Eloise in Mozambique, to displaced populations in South Sudan who once again are affected by seasonal\nflooding, and in DRC, where the eruption of the Nyiragongo Volcano in May led to the displacement of thousands,\ncompounding an already desperate living situation for many.\n\n\nAs conflict shows no signs of abating, the operating environment becomes increasingly challenging, and several\nclusters have reported increased mobility restrictions during the reporting period, including Afghanistan, Myanmar,\nand Colombia. Although restrictions on movement previously in place due to the Covid-19 pandemic have been\nlifted, in some operations they remain, and continue to present obstacles to the delivery of aid.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Emerging Protection Trends**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### **KEY COUNTRY NEWS**\n\nThe US has officially pushed the\ndate of withdrawing troops in\n**Afghanistan** from May 1 to September 11. Meanwhile, the operating environment continues to\ndeteriorate, and the security situation remains volatile and unpredictable. On May 8, a terrorist\nattack took place outside a school\nin Dasht-e-Barchi, Kabul specifically targeting girls and their families. Scores of civilians, including\nstudents, between ages of 11 and\n15 were killed and hundreds of\nothers injured. On June 8, ten\nmembers of the HALO Trust were\nkilled, with 16 others injured, when\n\n\n\ngunmen entered their demining\ncamp in Baghlan-e-Markazi\ndistrict and opened fire.\n\n\nIn **Burkina Faso**, since early May, a\nseries of armed attacks on villages in the commune of Tin-Akoff, in\nthe northern Sahel region and\nclose to the borders with Mali and\nNiger, has displaced 4,755 people,\nforcing them to seek refuge in the\ntown of Tin-Akoff and the nearby\ntown of Markoye. Local authorities are reporting urgent\nmulti-sectoral needs among the\nnewly displaced, but access to\nTin-Akoff remains very difficult\n\n\n\ndue to frequent security incidents,\nlimiting humanitarian operations\nin the area.\n\n\nThe security situation in the\nNorth-West and South-West\n(NWSW) regions of **Cameroon**\nremain volatile with frequent use\nof improvised explosive devices\n(IEDs), and clashes between State\nand non-State armed group\n(NSAG), triggering the displacement of civilian population and\naffecting humanitarian access.\nViolence across NWSW regions\nhas resulted in over 1,427 people\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of emergency, undertaking what it\ncalled a \u201claw-enforcement operation\u201d. The conflict has resulted in\nabout 2 million internally\ndisplaced people, widespread\ndisruption of access to health\nfacilities and basic services, and\n5.2 million people in need of\nhumanitarian assistance. On 28\nJune 2021, the Ethiopian government declared an immediate and\nunilateral ceasefire after Tigrayan\ntroops retook the regional capital\nMekelle. Government soldiers\nretreated in the region, in which\nhundreds of thousands are suffering in a famine crisis. On Friday 25\nJune, three staff members of\nM\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF)\nwere killed in an attack in the\nTigray region, which has been\nwidely condemned by the international community.\n\n\nAt the beginning of March, **Guate-**\n**mala** started its national vaccination plan. However, due to national\ndocumentation requirements,\nforeign citizens, including asylum\nseekers and refugees, face challenges in registering for the\nvaccine. The end of the eruptive\nphase for the Guatemalan volcano of Pacaya was announced on\n23 April, however a new fissure on\n3 May once again put residents of\nnearby communities and authorities of the National Coordinator\nfor Disaster Reduction on alert.\n\n\nIn **Honduras**, a total of 417,000\npersons were severely affected by\nhurricanes Eta and Iota in November 2020. Up to April 2021, 2,000\nstill remain in shelters in Cort\u00e9s\nand Santa B\u00e1rbara, although most\nof the shelters were suspended in\nMarch once the electoral process\nbegan. Women, children, the\nelderly, and people with disabilities are especially affected by this\nprotracted state of emergency.\nMoreover, April became the\nsecond deadliest month in Hon\n\n\nforced to flee their homes seeking\nshelter and safety in nearby\nbushes, villages, and towns in\nMarch alone.\n\n\nOn 28 April, peaceful demonstrations against a tax reform bill\nacross **Colombia** mainly in Cali,\nPopay\u00e1n, Pasto, Neiva, Medell\u00edn\nand Bogot\u00e1 was seriously affected by the disproportionate use of\nforce and repression by security\nforces. Reports of at least 26\nkillings, 1,876 cases of police\nviolence, 216 injuries, approximately 168 disappearances, 963\nalleged arbitrary detentions, at\nleast 12 sexual violence cases,\nincluding allegations of torture.\nMassive, forced displacement is\namong the recurring emergencies\nand as of April 30, at least 18,957\npeople have been affected.\n\n\nWith the rainy season in **CAR**\nbarely beginning, on 23 April\ntorrential rains in Kodozilo and\nDanzi villages, affected more than\n150 families, collapsed 50\nhouses, damaged 80 houses and\nplunged the entire capital of\nBangui into darkness for weeks.\nOn 18 April, an accidental fire\nbroke out at the PK3 site for IDPs\nin Bria destroying 364 shelters\nand leaving at least 2,000 people\nhomeless. A decline in security\nincidents affecting humanitarian\norganizations was recorded in\nApril (34 incidents against 53\nrecorded in March). However, the\ncivilian population remains the\nfirst victim of the renewed\ntensions in prefectures of\nNana-Gribizi, Ouham and Bamingui-Bamoran.\n\n\nOn 20 April, **Chad** \u2019s President Idris\nDeby died amidst fighting with\nrebel group 'Front for Change and\nConcord Chad (FACT)' in the\nKanem region, and plunging the\ncountry into uncertainty. Following this, allegations of dispropor\n\n\ntionate use of force including the\nuse of live ammunition by security\nand defense forces in the context\nof protests have been reported. A\nTransitionary Military Council\n(TMC) headed by the late President's son Mahamat Idris Itno\nDeby will be leading the country\nfor the next 18 months until elections.\n\n\n**DRC** saw the official end of the\n12th Ebola outbreak on 3 May,\njust 3 months after the first case\nin North Kivu. On 22 May, following the eruption of Nyiragongo\nvolcano, over 5000 people fled the\ncity of Goma and crossed the\nborder into Rwanda, resulting in\nmore than 150 children separated\nfrom their families and more than\n170 children feared to be missing.\nSome 3,629 houses, 3 health\nstructures and 12 schools have\nbeen destroyed. The volcanic\neruption compounds the acute\nhumanitarian needs in North-Kivu,\nwhere in 3.2 million people face\nfood emergency and 44% of the\ncountry's 5 million displaced\npeople are in the province.\n\n\nOn 1 May, **El Salvador** \u00b4s Legislative Assembly removed 5 magistrates of the Supreme Court\u2019s\nConstitutional Chamber, including\nAttorney General Ra\u00fal Melara, for\nissuing \u201carbitrary\u201d decisions. The\nGeneral Secretariat of the Organization of American States (OAS),\nSalvadoran civil societies and\nNGOs, the U.S. Vice President, UN\nSecretary-General, all expressed\ntheir rejection to the dismissals\nand urged El Salvador to respect\nthe separation of powers.\n\n\nThe armed conflict between the\nFederal Government of **Ethiopia**\nand the ruling party in the Tigray\nRegion, the Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF), entered its 6th\nmonth in May. The federal government imposed a six-month state\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ing operating contexts in\nnorth-east Nigeria due to repeated\nnon-state armed groups attacks\nthat have claimed hundreds of\ncivilian lives, including aid workers, and flooding that cuts off the\nentire town for several months\nevery year.\n\n\n**Somalia** declared a drought on 25\nApril. The combined effects of\ndrought and flood are worsening\nthe dire circumstances of 2.7\nmillion food insecure people in the\ncountry. In addition, armed conflict in Somalia continues to\nimpact heavily on civilians.\nAccording to OCHA, the armed\nconflict escalated on the 25 April\nresulting in the displacement of\nan estimated 250,000 people.\nAccess to justice remains one of\nthe most prevalent protection\nconcerns across Somalia.\n\n\n**South Sudan** saw the first killing\nof an aid worker this year during\nan ambush in Budi, East Equatoria\non 12 May. The security situation\nremains worrisome for the lives of\ncivilians and has led to several\nsizeable new displacements in\nthe past months, aggravating the\nprotection situation of IDPs and\nhost communities. The recent\nannouncement of WFP Food\nration cuts for targeted populations coming into play this May\ndue to funding constraints, including a reduction of food rations for\nIDPs refugees in South Sudan\nfrom 70% to 50%, will further exacerbate protection risks.\n\n\nIn **Palestine**, an outbreak of\nviolence in the ongoing Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict commenced on 10 May and continued\nuntil a ceasefire came into effect\non 21 May. It was marked by\nprotests and rioting, police riot\ncontrol, rocket attacks on Israel by\nHamas and Palestinian Islamic\nJihad, and Israeli airstrikes target\n\n\nduras due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with 678 deaths. Here the\nchallenges of hospital capacity\nhave not been overcome.\n\n\nOn 1 March, a new law was adopted in **Iraq** that provides reparation,\ncompensation, rehabilitation, and\nreintegration into society for\nwomen and girls who have\nsurvived atrocities of ISIL terrorist\nfighters. Risks of eviction are\nongoing from informal settlements in Mosul district that hosts\nIDPs who were forced to leave the\nformal camps and ended up in\nsecondary displacement settlements. The Ameriyat al Fallujah\n(AAF) camp closure is postponed\ntill further notice after some\nviolent protest against the\nAl-Jazera and Al-Badiyah Operations Command during the relocation process.\n\n\nThe transitional institutions in\n**Mali** that resulted from the August\n18, 2020 coup d'\u00e9tat continue to\noperate amidst unions\u2019 socio-professional protests. The security\nsituation is marked by the presence of non-state armed groups\nalong the three borders of the\nLiptako Gourma (Mali, Burkina\nFaso, and Niger), recurring\ninter-community conflicts, the\npresence of improvised explosive\ndevices, and attacks against\nnational and international armed\nforces and humanitarian organizations. As of 31st March, the\ncountry accounted for 346,8641\nIDPs, of which 61% are children.\n\n\nOn 24 March, in **Mozambique**, an\nattack by Non-State Armed\nGroups (NSAG) on Palma, severely affected the local population,\nwith reports of grave human\nrights violations causing forced\ndisplacement. Road access to\nTanzania (north) or Nangade\nDistrict (west) are not deemed\nsafe, and moreover IDPs reported\n\n\n\nthat the NSAG specifically target\ncivilians on-the-run. This results in\nlong journeys through alternative\nroutes to reach Afungi peninsula,\nwhich is still considered safe.\nOnce there, IDPs wait to be let\nonto evacuation boats to reach\nsafety in the south of Cabo Delgado.\n\n\nSince the 1 February military takeover in **Myanmar**, the military\npresence has significantly\nincreased, and additional checkpoints have been established in\ndifferent locations. Furthermore,\nan increase in movement restrictions has been observed through\nformal and informal impositions\nby de-facto authorities, particularly in Kachin and the northern Shan\nState. Between April and May,\naround 46,000 people were\ndisplaced in the south-eastern\nregion due to the conflict and\ninsecurity, about 37,000 of them\ndisplaced in late May following\nthe clashes in Kayah State.\n\n\nThe political level is calmer in\n**Niger**, with the investiture of the\nnew president of the Republic of\nNiger on April 2, and the formation\nof the new government. On May\n21, the national authorities in\ncollaboration with those of the\nTillab\u00e9ri region and the facilitation\nof the National Mediator, initiated\nthe planned return of all 12,112\nIDPs (1,643 households) from the\nfour villages of the commune of\nAnzourou to their localities of\norigin. These displacements were\ncaused by attacks and other\nabuses perpetrated by non-state\narmed groups.\n\n\nIn **Nigeria**, ahead of the upcoming\nrainy season, there is anticipation\nthat the food supplies in Rann\ntown, northeastern Borno state,\nhosting over 25,000 civilians and\nIDPs will be cut-off by flooding.\nRann is one of the most challeng\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Since April, **Venezuela** saw thousands of its civilians fleeing the\ncountry away from intense armed\nclashes which involve the Venezuelan army and Colombian rebel\ngroups. Families were reportedly\ndisplacing to the neighboring city\nof Arauquita, in Colombia, including both refugees and people with\ninternational protection needs. On\n22 April, a boat capsized off the\ncoast of Venezuela killing two\npeople. According to IOM, the\ncapsizing incident en route to the\nCaribbean islands underscores\nthe need for safe pathways to\nprevent use of irregular routes,\nsmuggling and trafficking.\n\n\nIn **Yemen**, the offensive in Ma\u2019rib\nresumed, with frontlines shifting\neastbound progressing towards\nMa\u2019rib city, with an increasingly\nsignificant impact on the civilian\npopulation. Since the start of\n2021, 74 civilian casualties,\nincluding 18 fatalities have been\nrecorded and it is estimated that\nthe first quarter of 2021 has seen\nover half the civilian casualty\ncount recorded throughout 2020.\nMoreover, April saw the highest\nchild casualty count so far this\nyear (20), and overall, the proportion of children among civilian\ncasualties this year has been\nincreasing.\n\n\n\ning the Gaza Strip. Hamas and\nother militants fired more than\n4,000 rockets from Gaza, while\nIsrael carried out over 1,500\nstrikes. It is estimated that more\nthan 250 Palestinians were killed,\nincluding whole families, with 66\nchildren among the victims.\n\n\nDuring the first quarter and April\n2021 in some parts of **Sudan**,\nmainly West, South and Central\nDarfur, intercommunal violence\nwas reported. As a result, particularly in El Geneina and Greida,\nmany IDPs and conflict affected\npopulations were killed, injured,\nand around 200,000 displaced.\nSuch violence was also reported\nin the eastern corridor of South\nKordofan. UN agencies and UNITAMS are in the process of development and submission of a comprehensive Protection of Civilians\nproject proposal for funding to the\nUS government.\n\n\nDespite a time of relative calm in\n**Syria**, compared with earlier years\nof the conflict, it is also a period of\ngrowing humanitarian suffering of\n\n\n\nSyrians, with no improvement in\nthe economic situation, water\nshortages in the northeast and\nmillions of children having to\nendure shock level of violence.\nWith no progress towards advancing Security Council Resolution\n2254 and an unwillingness to take\nthe first step toward conflict resolution, it is feared that Syria will\nbecome another protracted conflict, lasting generations.\n\n\nDuring April, the security situation\nin the Donetska and Luhanska\noblasts in Eastern **Ukraine**\nremained volatile. The number of\ncivilian casualties increased from\n5 cases recorded by OHCHR in\nMarch to 17 cases in April. On 28\nApril, the government adopted a\nprocedure to allow IDPs to apply\nto preferential long-term mortgage loans. It is expected that in\n2021 to 2022, 680 households or\n1,768 IDPs will benefit from this\nprogramme. COVID-19 vulnerability remains high in Donetska and\nLuhanska oblasts due to the high\ntransmission rates and limited\nhospital capacity.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Protection context\n\n_Distribution of operations according to reported severity levels of protection risks and concerns_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|OVERALL RISKS AND CONCERNS|MINOR
%|STRESSED
%|MODERATE
%|SEVERE
%|EXTREME
%|N/A or no
answer|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|14|3|55|17|0|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|21|41|28|3|1|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|14|31|38|14|0|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|14|14|43|4|1|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|21
|18
|32
|7
|1
|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|14|29|36|7|1|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|28|24|35|7|0|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|21|46|14|4|0|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|14|10|28|7|0|\n|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
|Violence and armed con\ufb02ict
Social exclusion, stgmatzaton, discriminaton,
racism and xenophobia
Forced movement and displacement of people
including forced returns
Explosive ordnances contaminaton
Arbitrary or unlawful arrest and / or detenton
Arbitrary limitaton on freedom of movement
Discriminatory practces by authorites and/ or
non-state actors
Disasters and the adverse e\ufb00ects of climate
change
Atacks on humanitarian, protecton and
health workers, facilites and services
10
7
3
25
21
14
7
14
41
||||||\n\n##### Risks, concerns and adverse coping mechanisms\n\n_Distribution of operations according to reported severity levels of protection risks and concerns_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND MINOR
ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS
%
Breach of the right to privacy and data
32
protection
Risks related to housing, evictions, land and
property 0
Early marriage 8
Family and child separation 3
Forced recruitment or labor 11
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism 7
Trafficking of persons
7
Violence against children
7|SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND
ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS|MINOR
%|STRESSED
%|MODERATE
%|SEVERE
%|EXTREME
%|N/A or no
answer|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|16|40|4|4|4|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|12|54|25|25|1|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|15|42|27|27|3|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|7|55|27|28|0|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|7|50|32|32|1|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|7|17|59
|59|0|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|7|34|41|41|0|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|30|33|26|26|2|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|25|57|11|11|1|\n|Breach of the right to privacy and data
protecton
Risks related to housing, evictons, land and
property
Early marriage
Family and child separaton
Forced recruitment or labor
Gender-based violence or abuse
Psychological distress and mental health
Sale or exchange of sex as a coping mecha-
nism
Tra\ufb03cking of persons
Violence against children
32
0
8
3
11
7
7
7
**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**
**MINOR**
**% **|**SPECIFIC RISKS, CONCERNS AND**
**ADVERSE COPING MECHANISMS**|**MINOR**
**% **|7|28|48|48|0|\n\n\n\nBased on the results of surveying protection risks & concerns in 28 Protection Clusters\n\n\n**Almost all field operations report psychological distress and mental health concerns as a top**\n**protection risk** in their context, with half of all field operations reporting this to be a severe risk.\nIncreased attacks from non-state armed groups in Nigeria have led to a reported increase in\npsychological distress, often linked to reported cases of SGBV. In Colombia, the rise in civil unrest\nand protests during the reporting period has increased psychological distress. Similarly in Mozambique, the recent rise in armed violence in Palma has led to a rise in mental health concerns\namongst IDPs as many have faced atrocities and been subject to physical violence. In Mali there\ncontinue to be regular reports of social exclusion, stigmatization, discrimination, racism and xenophobia, all of which lead to significant psychological distress. The recent escalation of conflict in\nPalestine between Israeli Security Forced and armed groups Gaza, has exacerbated the already\nextremely high levels of psychological distress and the need for increased psychosocial support.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Gaza, where around 43% of the population are under the age of 15, the psychosocial needs\namongst children are particularly acute. Protection clusters generally report a need for increased\nprovision of mental health services.\n\n\n**Gender-based violence** is the top protection concern highlighted by field operations, **with over**\n**60% reporting GBV to be of severe risk, and 14% reporting it as an extreme risk** . The rise in armed\nconflict and displacement in parts of Darfur in Sudan, and in Mali have heightened the risk of GBV.\nSimilarly in Mozambique, the spike in armed conflict has heightened the risk of GBV amongst new\nIDPs, most of whom are women and girls. In South Sudan, GBV remains of high concern in and\naround IDP sites and women are particularly vulnerable when collecting firewood, highlighting the\ncontinued need to improve security these areas. Growing insecurity in the Anglophone region of\nCameroon is also exacerbating the risk of GBV. Both Mali and Cameroon, highlight the need for\nmore Post Exposure Preventative treatment kits. Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador all report\nGBV to be a severe risk, and although underreported, incidents continue to be recorded regularly.\nIn Myanmar the risk of GBV has significantly increased after the military takeover on 1 February. In\nColombia there has been an increase of femicides, including against female social leaders and\nhuman rights defenders, amidst the rise in civil unrest during the reporting period. At least 17 femicides were reported in the months of March and April in Norte de Santander and La Guajira.\n\n\nProtection Clusters are active in countries with some of the highest rates of **child marriage** world\nwide, including Niger, CAR, South Sudan, Chad and Burkina Faso. The majority of field operations\nreport child marriage to be amongst the top protection concerns, 46% of Protection Clusters\nreporting it to be of moderate risk, and **34% report it to be of severe risk,** including Cameroon,\nNigeria, South Sudan and Mozambique. Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, rates of child marriage have increased globally due to school closures as well as increased food insecurity and economic uncertainty pushing families to resort to child marriage as a negative mechanism.\n\n\n**Violence against children** is reported to be a **severe to extreme risk by more than half of all field**\n**operations** . The impact of the pandemic, particularly the closure of schools for long periods of\ntime, has placed millions of children in a more vulnerable position. They are more vulnerable to the\nrisk of recruitment in to armed groups, as well as child labour, and millions have also missed out\non early intervention programmes normally provided in schools. Children in contexts of armed\nconflict are particularly vulnerable. For example, in Mali there has been an increase in attacks on\nschools and in April, public schools were forced to close due to the rising insecurity. Family separation has also been reported as being of particular concern in Mali, and between January and\nMarch the Child Protection sub-Cluster reported 312 unaccompanied or separated children\n(UASC). CAR also reported the heightened risk of UASC within the context of ongoing mass\ndisplacement, placing them at greater risk of abuse. The recent upsurge of fighting in Ituri province\nin DRC, has led to at least 275 reported cases of UASC since the start of the year. In Cameroon, the\nongoing conflict has taken its toll on children, and there are increasing reports of violations of\nchildren\u2019s rights perpetrated by different parties to the conflict, including by government forces. In\nMyanmar, there are concerns that children face increased vulnerability following the military takeover in February, and the subsequent rise in conflict that swept across the country. Following the\ncoup, schools across the country were occupied by security forces, and the risk of child recruitment has increased.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Trafficking in persons** is reported on as risk of moderate concern by **60% of Protection Clusters**,\nwith the associated phenomena \u2013 **forced recruitment and forced labour \u2013 reported as either a**\n**moderate or severe risk by 85% of Protection Clusters** . Trafficking has been highlighted by the\nMali Protection Cluster as being of particular concern and there are calls for improved analysis,\ncoordination and advocacy on the issue.\n\n\nIn Nigeria, where there has been an increase in NSAG activity in recent months, there have been\nreports of **child recruitment** in to armed groups. There have also been a growing number of\nchildren associated with armed forces or armed groups in Cameroon. During the reporting period,\nabout 100 cases have been reported by humanitarian actors in the North West/South West as\nchildren have reached out to faith-based organizations to seek help once after leaving the armed\ngroups. In Somalia, child recruitment by both state and non-state armed forced is flagged as one\nof the main reasons for family separation. In Colombia the recent spike in violence coincides with\na stark rise in the recruitment of children by organized armed groups and organized criminal\ngroups. The recent escalation of conflict in DRC in Ituri and North Kivu, exacerbate the already\nextremely high risk of child recruitment in this part of the country, Child labour increased over the\npast year across multiple contexts as a result the loss of income and livelihoods due to the impact\nof the pandemic. In CAR child labour is highlighted as a protection risk that is on the rise, particularly in the mining areas. Child protection actors continue to advocate for more support in addressing this issue.\n\n\n**Explosive ordinance contamination is a highlighted a severe risk across by 43% of all field opera-**\n**tions** and a number of Protection Clusters report an increase in the incidents relating to explosive\nordinance since the start of 2021. In Colombia, at least 57 people have been killed or injured as a\nresult of explosive ordnance this year. Across parts of the country the high presence of mines continues to limit movement and inhibit access to basic services. In April, over 3,000 people were\naffected by mobility restrictions in Choc\u00f3 and Antioquia. CAR has also seen an increasing trend of\nexplosive ordnance. Since January 2021, eight incidents involving explosive devices have been\nrecorded and a total of 17 people were killed. In 2020, only two explosive incidents were reported.\nIn Cameroon, protection actors report the increased use of IEDs in both the North West/South\nWest and in the Far North regions of Cameroon since the start of the year. In the past IEDs have\nprimarily targeted security forces, however 2021 has seen the indiscriminate placing of these\ndevises in areas where civilians have become victims. There is currently no dedicated expertise or\nfunding in support of mine action. In Myanmar, landmines continue to constitute a serious protection risk across the country, with an increase in landmine incidents reported from Kachin state in\nparticular during the first quarter of 2021. Since the start of the year at least 57 people, including\n18 children have been killed in landmine related incidents, mostly in Shan and Rakhine states. In\nUkraine between January and April there has been a 50% increase in the number of reported\nmine/ERW incidents in comparison to the same period in 2020.\n\n\nRisks related to **housing, evictions, land and property** remain significant in most countries, with\nover **80% of Protection Clusters reporting this to be of moderate to severe concern** . During the\nreporting period returnees to Nigeria from neighbouring countries resulted in disputes between\ncommunities and risks relating to housing, evictions, land and property consequently increased. In\nMali, the rise in armed violence has led to an increased number of attacks on civilian homes, violating rights to property. In Mozambique risks relating to housing, evictions, land and property are\nhighlighted as being of particular concern in light of forced displacement and relocation of IDPs to\nareas where they do not have the right to legal tenure, whilst also being at risk of losing land in their\nareas of origin. In the North West and South West regions of Cameroon there is an increasing\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mali Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.8685747385025024, - "start": 66, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Protection Clusters", - "confidence": 0.5243294835090637, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "number of IDPs and returnees without adequate housing or land tenure. Since early 2021, HLP-related incidents in Cameroon represent between 20 and 28% of the total number protection incidents reported on a monthly basis by protection monitoring partners. In Iraq, the risk of eviction\nfrom informal IDP settlements in the Mosul district remains. The informal settlements mostly host\npeople who were previously forced to leave the formal IDP camps. The IDPs are highly vulnerable,\nand most are unable to return to their areas of origin due to perceived affiliation with extremist\ngroups.\n\n\nAlmost all operations indicate that the needs of People Living With Disabilities (PLWD) increased\nduring 2020, whilst at the same time, the services that did exist faced massive disruption due to\nthe impact of the pandemic. In situations of crisis, including both natural disaster and situations\nof armed violence, PLWD are more likely to be left without access to needed assistance. During\nperiods of conflict PLWD are often unable to flee and may find themselves stuck in areas under\nsiege. Furthermore, there is a heightened risk that PLWD may experience targeted violence and\nabuse because of their disability. Targeted violence against persons with disabilities may include\nphysical attacks, killings, denial of food and medicine, harassment, emotional abuse, profound\nneglect, shackling, and confinement. Over the reporting period, conflict has escalated in a number\nof contexts including Myanmar, Nigeria, Mali and Sudan, amongst others. In Myanmar for example, it has been highlighted that PLWD are likely to face additional vulnerabilities following the\nescalation of violence since February.\n\n\n**Across most of the contexts where a Protection Cluster is active, the need for additional services**\n**to support PLWD is regularly highlighted** . The Protection Cluster in CAR for example, reports that\nwhile partners are making increasingly concerted efforts to take in to account the needs of PLWD\nin their response, it remains insufficient.\n\n\nIn coordination with the Protection Cluster in Mozambique, the Forum for Elderly Persons (Forum\nda Terceira Idade) has sent activists into the Centro Desportivo to assess the needs of the elderly.\nMobility issues have prevented many from reaching safe havens where they could be evacuated\neither by plane or by boat. An element that has been observed in this situation is the high numbers\nof elderly persons and persons with disabilities fleeing Palma.\n\n\n**Across most contexts there remains a lack of data on PLWD**, which therefore limits ability to\nensure response plans target these specific needs. Across the board, efforts need to continue to\nraise awareness on the issue of PLWD.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **IN FOCUS \u2013 Human Rights in Crisis**\n\nIn February 2020, the Secretary General of the United Nations launched the Highest Aspiration: A Call to\nAction for Human Rights, in an effort to bring about a transformational change in the way that the UN and\nits partners engage with human rights. The Call to Action sets out overarching principles to achieve this goal\nand identifies seven domains where urgent action is required. 'Rights in Times of Crisis\u2019 is one of these; the main focus here is on the development of an Agenda for Protection, which would help bring about a\ncommon understanding of the centrality of protection across the UN system. The Agenda will contain a\nshort vision statement that sets out the key principles and parameters for more protection-sensitive\napproaches, and an operational plan that will offer concrete guidance and resources on how to implement\nthese.\n\n\nSince the launch of the Call to Action, an inter-agency task force has been established, bringing together 15\nSecretariat departments, agencies and programmes, to develop a draft operational plan for the Agenda for\nProtection. The Global Protection Cluster is part of this task force. The Agenda for Protection is expected to\nbe launched in September 2021 as part of the Secretary-General's Our Common Agenda report to the General Assembly.\n\n\nIn his \u2018Call to Action for Human Rights\u2019, the Secretary-General commits to develop an agenda for protection\nfor the United Nations system, underpinned by a common understanding of the centrality of protection,\nbased on full respect of human rights law, international humanitarian law and refugee law. This agenda\nmust take account of the different experiences and protection needs arising from differences in age, gender, and other diversity. The Call to Action sets out the general contours of the UN common agenda for\nprotection: it must deliver concrete protection actions and impact for those most often excluded, to the\nmost marginalized and those with specific needs; and it must focus on preserving human dignity, preventing human rights violations, and responding promptly and effectively when such violations occur.\n\n\nAn agenda for protection must examine and address gaps and challenges that have marred the different\nprotection systems for years, such as insufficient capacities and funding, political constraints, real and\nperceived dilemmas for engagement, insufficient national and local ownership of human rights protection\nissues, as well as the lack of a sufficiently coordinated UN approach to protection that involves the human\nrights, peace and security and development pillars.\n\n\n**Example from Nigeria**\nBased on the Call to Action, the Protection Sector in Nigeria has put a greater focus in its analysis on human\nrights. Protection concerns are assessed with the human rights framework in mind, while the Sector is also\nlooking to highlight the impact of various interventions on the ability of affected individuals to better enjoy\ntheir human rights. The Sector's protection monitoring tool, which is to be rolled out later this year, takes a\nhuman rights-based approach. Similarly, advocacy initiatives that addressed movement restrictions during\nthe COVID-19 lockdown and IDP camp decongestion, emphasized the principle of proportionality. For\nexample, the Sector maintained that even when health and safety considerations may justify some limitation of the right to move and travel freely, the Government's restrictions must not exceed what is absolutely\nnecessary, and less harmful measures shall be explored.\n\n\nIn order to draw global attention to the crisis in north-east Nigeria and to gross human rights violations\nagainst civilians, the Sector encourages engagement with human rights bodies, for example, with the\nNational Human Rights Commission, the UN Human Rights Council and its Special Procedures, as well as\nwith other monitoring processes such as the Secretary General's Report on the Protection of Civilians in\nArmed Conflict.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Sector considers the Call to Action for Human Rights a shared responsibility in which everyone has a\nrole to play. First and foremost, the parties to the conflict in the north-east must protect civilians, including\nIDPs and aid workers, in accordance with their obligations under human rights and international humanitarian law. Other stakeholders are reminded of the centrality of protection in humanitarian action, and that adequate access to life-saving assistance is not only a human right in itself, but a prerequisite for the enjoyment of all other human rights. Building on the Call to Action as a reference, the Sector urges all relevant\nactors to prioritize in their activities \u2013 for example, those related to the return or relocation of IDPs \u2013 the\nsafety and well-being of civilians, as well as the promotion of a conducive environment for the provision of\nhumanitarian assistance. This collective effort covers both protection and non-protection partners, including Federal and State authorities, UN agencies, Member States, NGOs, the private sector, and other\nnon-State actors. It importantly entails the meaningful participation of civil society in UN and national decision-making processes.\n\n\n**Example from Chad**\nEngagement with human rights mechanisms has served as a useful platform for the Protection Cluster in\nChad to give visibility to, and strengthen advocacy for, the growing protection and assistance needs of over\n400,000 IDPs in the Lake Chad province. In 2020, the cluster contributed to the Thematic Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, which examined internal displacement in the context of the slow-onset adverse effects of climate change. The recommendations stemming\nfrom the Special Rapporteur\u2019s thematic report, have since been used at country level to inform the 2021\nprotection response plan, advocacy initiatives as well as the work of the inter-agency Anticipatory Action\nTask Team charged with natural disaster contingency planning; ensuring that a rights-based approach is\ncentral to these activities. The cluster has also supported OHCHR with local capacity building efforts, such\nas a training on protection in the context of internal displacement for the newly reformed national human\nrights commission.\n\n\nFrom a field perspective, the Call to Action and Agenda for Protection sets out useful guidelines and focus\nareas that will inform discussions with partners on what actions can be taken to advance respect for human\nrights at country level. The fact that it\u2019s an initiative of the UN Secretary General, that concerns all Member\nStates, donors, humanitarian, and development actors, sends a strong signal on the importance of advancing respect for human rights and will help foster wide stakeholder consultations at country level involving\ndecision makers. Looking ahead, and among actions yet to be defined, the protection cluster in Chad has\ncommitted to strengthening its relationship with local and international human rights actors including the\nnational human rights commission and OHCHR on protection analysis as the basis for rights-based\nprogramming and joint advocacy.\n\n\n**Example from Mali**\nThe Protection Cluster in Mali identified various opportunities vis a vis the Call to Action and Agenda for\nProtection. Firstly, shaping the narrative to be more human rights centered; the situation in Mali is a \u2018protection crisis\u2019, with grave human rights violations being documented. The narrative shifted when the Protection\nCluster reinforced its protection monitoring system and was able to produce comprehensive protection\nanalysis identifying main protection risks and threats. Secondly, building on national capacities is key. The\nNational Human Rights Commission is an active member of the Protection Cluster and strategic use of\nextensive resources also existing within OHCHR/MINUSMA HR Unit (investigation capacity on grave human\nrights violations, training, monitoring, advocacy) is to be leveraged.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "thematic report", - "confidence": 0.7240623235702515, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.831465482711792, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Special Rapporteur", - "confidence": 0.961961567401886, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6227715611457825, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8495932817459106, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "There are several good practices that have been identified in Mali. As an example, UNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring is placed under the Protection Cluster \u2013 this means that protection data and analysis is made available for all Cluster members with the ultimate goal of information and shaping programme planning,\nresponse and advocacy. The protection monitoring system reports on 6 categories and 33 types of human\nrights violations and human rights are at the centre. It should be noted that 65% of advocacy initiatives led\nby the Protection Cluster are based on protection data and analysis coming from the protection monitoring\nsystem. Advocacy is therefore evidence-based and rights-based.\n\n\nAt the same time, the power of joint advocacy is being used more proactively. Protection Cluster recently\ncollaborated with the Health Cluster and Food Security Cluster to reinforce common messaging. Human\nrights violations are at the core of the intersectoral analysis (e.g. note on the implication of protection incidents and conflict on food insecurity; note on the increased attacks against health facilities).\n\n\nComplementarity of Protection Cluster Strategy and HCT Protection Strategy in which advocacy on human\nrights is a focus area is an opportunity to bring human rights to the centre. The first strategic objective of\nthe HCT Protection Strategy is about \u201cpreventing and ending recurring violations through leadership\nengagement and rights-based advocacy\u201d. The Protection Cluster strategy is based on preventing and\nresponding to human rights violations.\n\n\nRecent engagement with human rights mechanisms (e.g., MRM) and provision of information feeding into\nhuman rights special procedures have been a powerful advocacy tool (Annual Report of the Independent\nExpert on the human rights situation in Mali).\n\n\nNevertheless, major challenges still remain. This includes navigating humanitarian action in a politicized\ncontext \u2013 including possible detrimental effects such as public human rights discourse becoming more\nrestricted, and shrinking protection space (e.g., access issues, impact on dialogue/relationship with parties\nto the conflict).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.9940686225891113, - "start": 58, - "end": 61 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "protection data and analysis", - "confidence": 0.8654924631118774, - "start": 31, - "end": 35 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5827914476394653, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6124634146690369, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mali", - "confidence": 0.9802594184875488, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual Report of the Independent\nExpert", - "confidence": 0.59194016456604, - "start": 289, - "end": 295 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6820772290229797, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Independent\nExpert", - "confidence": 0.9588493704795837, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mali", - "confidence": 0.9981563687324524, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Access**\n\nProtection access refers to the ability of humanitarian protection actors\nto reach affected people, as well as the affected population\u2019s ability to\naccess humanitarian protection assistance and services in a timely and\nunimpeded manner. Multiple constraints varying from armed hostilities\nor physical difficulties to excessive and time-consuming administrative\nrequirements, hampers humanitarian protection access in different contexts.\n\nThe most common access restrictions faced by Protection Clusters\nrelate to security, logistical challenges, and/or constraints from local\nauthorities, including non-state actors.\n\nAlthough successful delivery of any humanitarian service requires trust\nfrom affected people and host communities, the nature of protection\nwork, in supporting individuals to access their rights, requires sustained\npresence and trust in communities.\n\nThe Global Protection Cluster is working to establish systems to better\nmonitor access for protection to help improve our reach to vulnerable\ncommunities.\n\nDuring this reporting period Afghanistan, CAR, Colombia, Mali and\nYemen all report to have between 25% and 50% access, while South\nSudan and Nigeria report to have less than 25%.\n\nThroughout the first quarter of 2021 the access situation deteriorated in\na number of contexts, largely due to a rise in conflict. For example, in\nMyanmar, the spread of violence that followed the coup and installation\nof new checkpoints has complicated the ability of humanitarian actors to\nreach the population in need.\n\nIn Nigeria, the increase in the activity of NSAGs including several targeted attacks against humanitarian assents led a number of aid workers to\nbe relocated away from Damasak, Dikwa, and Marite to Maiduguri in\nApril. This led to a temporary suspension of some humanitarian activities.\n\nIn South Sudan conflict escalated in the Equatorias during the reporting\nperiod, causing widespread displacement and interfering with the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Elsewhere across the country intercommunal violence and rising criminality continue to disrupt humanitarian\nactivity. There are also reports that bureaucratic impediments on humanitarian actors are due to interference by local authorities on the ground.\nThere have also been regular demands for jobs by local youth groups in\nBentiu, Renk, Pibor and Melut, which at times have led to protests and\nviolence against humanitarian assets.\n\nIn Afghanistan, data collected by the Humanitarian Access Group (HAG)\nshows that the total number of access related incidents has increased by\n23 %, from 336 incidents in Q4 2020 to at least 436 incidents recorded\nduring Q1 2021. This includes incidents of violence and threats against\nthe humanitarian personnel as well as interference in humanitarian\nprogramming.\n\nWhile in some contexts restrictions on movement, previously in place to\nlimit the spread of Covid-19, have been lifted, in others contexts, movement restrictions remain. For example, in Colombia, certain parts of the\ncountry are only accessible to humanitarian missions considered as\nessential.\nWhile in some contexts restrictions on movement, previously in place to\nlimit the spread of Covid-19, have been lifted, in others contexts, movement restrictions remain. For example in Colombia, certain parts of the\ncountry are only accessible to humanitarian missions considered as\nessential.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Field Coordination and Operational Response**\n\nOver the first quarter of 2021, the GPC has continued its efforts to develop and enhance the implementation of its Operational Footprint. First, wrapping up the 2020 the Cluster Coordination Performance Monitoring (CCPM) with over 600 coordinators and operational partners \u2013 including 33% of NNGOs \u2013 from the\nCluster and AoRs in 28 operations responded to the new CCPM online survey, and 15 operations submitting full performance review and action plan. Second, the GPC identified strategic priorities for field support in 9 priorities countries. Finally, the GPC launched a pilot exercise on funding data collection to\nenhance data on funding in protection operations, and complement information available on the Financial Tracking Service (FTS) \u2013 with FTS reporting 540 million USD, field operations and partners reported\n318 million USD in current protection funding. The data collected was used for the GPC 2021 Mid-Year\nReview \u201cThermometer\u201d report. This pilot exercise will help the GPC in launching a more sophisticated\ntool to support field operations during the upcoming strategic planning for 2022 HPC.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CCPM online survey", - "confidence": 0.8956521153450012, - "start": 79, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "performance review and action plan", - "confidence": 0.6299331784248352, - "start": 88, - "end": 93 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "online survey", - "confidence": 0.5764374136924744, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "CCPM", - "confidence": 0.743187427520752, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "author": { - "text": "GPC", - "confidence": 0.5946105122566223, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5625525712966919, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7969908118247986, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Financial Tracking Service", - "confidence": 0.6571349501609802, - "start": 136, - "end": 139 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data on funding in protection operations", - "confidence": 0.6579428911209106, - "start": 123, - "end": 129 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FTS", - "confidence": 0.6978752017021179, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "author": { - "text": "GPC", - "confidence": 0.7997528314590454, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.633811354637146, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Global Protection Cluster is a network of NGOs, international organizations and UN agencies, engaged in protection work in humanitarian crises including armed conflict, climate change related and natural disaster. The GPC\nensures well-coordinated, effective and principled protection preparedness and responses, and that protection is at\nthe core of all humanitarian action and recognized as essential in any nexus with development and peace. The GPC\nunites members, partners and communities working on the full gamut of protection activities, including in four\nspecialized Areas of Responsibility: Child Protection, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), Housing, Land and Property and\nMine Action. The GPC contributes to and benefits from the broader IASC system.\n\n\n\n**Mine Action AoR**\n**Global Protection Cluster**\n\n\n\n**Global Protection Cluster** **Global Protection Cluster**\n\n\n\n**Global Protection Cluster**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Global Protection Funding (as of June 2021)\n\n\n\n**REQUIREMENTS**\n\n### $ B\n# 2.1\n\n\n\n**FUNDED**\n\n### $ M\n# 540\n\n\n\n**COVERAGE**\n# 25%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4b9f8d84-c807-3a5a-b3c0-d11938d4a258/Renewing%20the%20bond%20-%20A%20call%20to%20action%20to%20put%20rights%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_612/raw/doc_612_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_612/raw/doc_612_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e1b224a4d68295996a3daa0bb3535dee1956190..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_612/raw/doc_612_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **AN\u00c1LISIS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n### Abril 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. INTRODUCCI\u00d3N**\n\n\n_Este documento tiene como prop\u00f3sito presentar un an\u00e1lisis de la_\n_situaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n que atraviesa el departamento de Nari\u00f1o en_\n_Colombia, centr\u00e1ndose en exponer las principales afectaciones y_\n_riesgos derivados del conflicto armado interno y la violencia sobre la_\n_poblaci\u00f3n colombiana y la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante presente_\n_en el territorio durante el a\u00f1o 2021. Se resaltan los efectos_\n_humanitarios del conflicto sobre los derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n y se_\n_sugieren recomendaciones para enfrentar la crisis de protecci\u00f3n que_\n_se evidencia en el departamento._\n\n\n_El documento ha sido construido por el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de_\n_Protecci\u00f3n (GTP) de Nari\u00f1o, en coordinaci\u00f3n con el Sector Local de_\n_Protecci\u00f3n (SLP) del R4V-GIFMM, y con el apoyo de la Coordinaci\u00f3n_\n_Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n de Colombia (Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n & \u00c1reas_\n_de Responsabilidad, y el Sector Protecci\u00f3n R4V-GIFMM &_\n_Subsectores) y el Cl\u00faster Global de Protecci\u00f3n._\n\n\n**METODOLOG\u00cdA**\n\n\n_La metodolog\u00eda de este an\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n ha combinado los_\n_monitoreos peri\u00f3dicos del GTP y el SLP de Nari\u00f1o, al igual que_\n_insumos cualitativos de las reuniones y consultas con los socios_\n_locales, informantes clave y la poblaci\u00f3n afectada. El proceso de_\n_an\u00e1lisis ha seguido la metodolog\u00eda de severidad y las estimaciones_\n_de Personas en Necesidad (PIN), al igual que el Marco Anal\u00edtico de_\n_Protecci\u00f3n (PAF)._\n\n\n**LIMITACIONES**\n\n\n_Este documento ha seguido una l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis cualitativo en base_\n_a los insumos por parte de personas expertas y actores clave._\n_Debido al acceso limitado a algunos territorios dentro del_\n_departamento de Nari\u00f1o, as\u00ed como los potenciales riesgos que se_\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\n_podr\u00edan generar a las comunidades en el contexto actual, los equipos_\n_de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Protecci\u00f3n aconsejan que mientras no se lleve_\n_a cabo una estrategia operativa de protecci\u00f3n por presencia regular_\n_de los actores humanitarios en las zonas afectadas, los ejercicios de_\n_an\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria se deben centrar en el an\u00e1lisis_\n_de datos secundarios, al igual que entrevistas con informantes clave,_\n_incluyendo_ _grupos_ _tem\u00e1ticos_ _de_ _discusi\u00f3n_ _(Focus_ _Group_\n_Discussions)._\n\n\n\n\n\n**Nari\u00f1o contin\u00faa siendo uno de los epicentros del conflicto**\n**armado interno en Colombia.**\n\n\nDada su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, el departamento cuenta con una\nposici\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica para los actores armados ilegales quienes se\ndisputan su control territorial y el control de las econom\u00edas il\u00edcitas,\nproduciendo graves afectaciones humanitarias para la poblaci\u00f3n\ncivil. A este contexto se suma la presencia de altos niveles de flujo\nde poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante con vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia y\nen tr\u00e1nsito, quienes se ven igualmente expuestas a afectaciones\ncomo el desplazamiento forzado, la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero trata\ny tr\u00e1fico, reclutamiento, y desapariciones forzadas, entre otras.\n\n\nCon una multiplicidad de al menos 10 actores armados ilegales con\npresencia activa en el territorio, y comunidades campesinas,\nind\u00edgenas, afrocolombianas y mestizas en alto riesgo de violaciones\nde derechos humanos como consecuencia directa del conflicto\narmado, el departamento de Nari\u00f1o atraviesa actualmente una de\nlas mayores crisis de protecci\u00f3n en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Poblaci\u00f3n|1,630,592|\n|---|---|\n|**_Extensi\u00f3n_**|_33,268 km\u00b2_|\n|**_# Municipios_**|_64_|\n|**_Delimitaci\u00f3n_**|_340km Costa Pac\u00edfica & 94km Frontera Ecuador_|\n|**_Cruces_**
**_Fronterizos_**|_4 Puntos de Control Migratorio_
_M\u00e1s de 90 Pasos Fronterizos Informales (MC)_|\n\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n propia: Cl\u00faster Protecci\u00f3n Colombia\n\n\n1 Dentro de la poblaci\u00f3n afectada se ha identificado afectaci\u00f3n a refugiados y\nmigrantes, pero no se cuenta con un registro oficial.\n\n\n\n**CIFRAS CLAVES**\n\n**> 31,816**\nPersonas afectadas por desplazamientos masivos en 2021 _(UARIV)_ _[1]_\n\n\n**> 3,048**\nPersonas afectadas por confinamientos en 2021 _(UARIV)_ _[2]_\n\n\n**346**\nHomicidios en 2021 _(Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal)_\n\n\n**174**\nDesapariciones forzadas en 2021, 67% de ellas mujeres _(Medicina Legal)_\n\n\n**101**\nPersonas l\u00edderes de procesos comunitarios o defensore/as de derechos\nhumanos asesinadas desde la firma del acuerdo de paz en 2016 _(INDEPAZ)_\n\n\n**> 8,141**\nPersonas afectadas por amenazas naturales, 55% mujeres _(UNGRD)_\n\n\nUARIV: Unidad Administrativa Especial para la Atenci\u00f3n y Reparaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Afectaci\u00f3n** **por Actores Armados Ilegales**\n\n\nNari\u00f1o cuenta con varias zonas geoestrat\u00e9gicas de alto inter\u00e9s para\nlos actores armados ilegales debido a su importancia para fines de\ncultivos de uso il\u00edcito, rutas de tr\u00e1fico y transporte de\nestupefacientes, al igual que pasos fronterizos terrestres y\nmar\u00edtimos. Esto genera constantes enfrentamientos armados entre\nlos distintos grupos por el control territorial, ocasionando hechos\nvictimizantes para la poblaci\u00f3n. Entre los territorios m\u00e1s afectados\nse encuentran las s _ubregiones de Pac\u00edfico Sur, Sanquianga,_\n_Telemb\u00ed, Piedemonte Costero y Cordillera_, las cuales albergan\nmayormente a poblaciones ind\u00edgenas, afrocolombianas y\ncampesinas, as\u00ed como poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante proveniente\nde Venezuela y pa\u00edses terceros. Seg\u00fan Indepaz, en el a\u00f1o 2021 se\nregistraron un total de 9 masacres al igual que el asesinato de 10\npersonas l\u00edderes de procesos comunitarios y defensores y\ndefensoras de derechos humanos en Nari\u00f1o, siendo el municipio de\nTumaco la zona m\u00e1s afectada donde m\u00e1s del 50% de la poblaci\u00f3n\nes afrocolombiana [3] .\n\n\nDurante 2021, uno de los municipios m\u00e1s altamente afectados por\nlas acciones de actores armados ilegales fue Roberto Pay\u00e1n, donde\n70% de la poblaci\u00f3n del municipio fue v\u00edctima de desplazamiento\nforzado y afectaciones por restricciones a la movilidad, amenazas,\nriesgos por contaminaci\u00f3n de minas antipersonales y municiones sin\nexplosionar, p\u00e9rdida de medios de vida, limitaci\u00f3n a bienes y\nservicios b\u00e1sicos, da\u00f1os psicosociales y del tejido social. Como\nconsecuencia, m\u00e1s de 5,000 personas se desplazaron forzosamente\nhacia cascos urbanos con necesidades en salud, seguridad\nalimentaria y nutricional, educaci\u00f3n, WASH, alojamiento temporal y\nprotecci\u00f3n [4] .\n\n\n3 Informe de masacres en Colombia 2021, Indepaz.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n propia: Cl\u00faster Protecci\u00f3n Colombia\n\n\n4 Informaci\u00f3n obtenida a partir de los datos del Registro Nacional de Informaci\u00f3n\n(RNI)\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Impacto** **desproporcionado a comunidades \u00e9tnicas**\n\n\nNari\u00f1o es un departamento multi\u00e9tnico y pluricultural, donde m\u00e1s del\n30% de la poblaci\u00f3n corresponde a grupos \u00e9tnicos. De su poblaci\u00f3n\ntotal, 15,5% es poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena y el 17,4% poblaci\u00f3n\nafrocolombiana [5] . Muchas de estas comunidades se concentran en\nzonas de influencia e inter\u00e9s de los actores armados ilegales,\naumentando su exposici\u00f3n a las situaciones de violencia y\nresultando en un impacto desproporcionado del conflicto sobre ellas.\n\n\nLas din\u00e1micas del conflicto han tambi\u00e9n ocasionado una severa\nlimitaci\u00f3n sobre el acceso de las comunidades \u00e9tnicas a bienes y\nservicios b\u00e1sicos. En los municipios de la Zona Pac\u00edfica donde se\nconcentra una gran parte de la poblaci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica del departamento y\ndonde confluyen las mayores afectaciones del conflicto, el \u00cdndice de\nNecesidades B\u00e1sicas Insatisfechas incrementa dr\u00e1sticamente a un\n64,5%, versus un 14,8% a nivel nacional [6] .\n\n\nA estas afectaciones enfrentadas actualmente por las comunidades\n\u00e9tnicas en Nari\u00f1o se suman las conflictividades sociales, la\nemergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 y los riesgos de origen natural\nque han incrementado la vulneraci\u00f3n de sus derechos,\nespecialmente en zonas rurales, donde su dif\u00edcil acceso ha\nrestringido la respuesta institucional. En 2021, la UNGRD report\u00f3\nm\u00e1s de 8.141 personas afectadas por emergencias naturales en\nNari\u00f1o, siendo los municipios m\u00e1s afectados Barbacoas, La Cruz,\nRoberto Pay\u00e1n, Guaitarilla y Pasto [7] - zonas donde tambi\u00e9n se\nconcentran poblaciones \u00e9tnicas.\n\n\n**Flujos Mixtos**\n\n\nMigraci\u00f3n Colombia reporta un total de 12.108 personas refugiadas\ny migrantes provenientes de Venezuela (43% mujeres y 57%\nhombres) con vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia en Nari\u00f1o, siendo los\n\n\n5 Censo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda 2018, DANE\n6 Censo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda 2018, DANE\n7 Emergencias enero \u2013 diciembre 2021, Unidad Nacional de Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgos y\nDesastres (UNGRD)\n\n5\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nmunicipios de Pasto, Ipiales y Tumaco los de mayor presencia [8] .\nAdem\u00e1s de ello, seg\u00fan reporte de los Espacios de Apoyo, en el a\u00f1o\n2021 alrededor de 5,300 personas venezolanas se han identificado\nen tr\u00e1nsito a trav\u00e9s del departamento de manera mensual desde y\nhacia Venezuela y otros pa\u00edses de Sudam\u00e9rica, como tambi\u00e9n\nmovimientos migratorios mixtos hacia Norteam\u00e9rica que provienen\nde Sudam\u00e9rica, el Caribe y del continente africano.\n\n\nJunto con los riesgos y vulnerabilidades enfrentadas como resultado\nde su situaci\u00f3n migratoria y de tr\u00e1nsito, estas poblaciones se ven\nigualmente expuestas a graves afectaciones por las din\u00e1micas del\nconflicto armado. Desde el monitoreo del SLP de Nari\u00f1o se ha\nidentificado doble afectaci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana en los\nsiguientes 7 municipios: Leiva, Tumaco, Barbacoas, Roberto Pay\u00e1n,\nMag\u00fc\u00ed, Olaya Herrera y El Charco.\n\n\n**Econom\u00edas Il\u00edcitas**\n\n\nNari\u00f1o cuenta con la presencia de m\u00faltiples econom\u00edas il\u00edcitas,\nincluyendo la miner\u00eda ilegal, explotaci\u00f3n de maderas, robo de\npetr\u00f3leo, refiner\u00edas clandestinas, trata y tr\u00e1fico de personas, tr\u00e1fico\nde armamento, contrabando de v\u00edveres y enseres, al igual que\nenclaves productivos del narcotr\u00e1fico [9] . Pese a que UNODC reporta\nque el n\u00famero de hect\u00e1reas de coca a nivel departamental ha ido\ndisminuyendo desde el 2016 [10], Nari\u00f1o se mantiene como el segundo\ndepartamento con producci\u00f3n de coca m\u00e1s alta a nivel nacional. Esto\nrequiere de estrategias de intervenci\u00f3n que permitan la recuperaci\u00f3n\nde los territorios, al igual que procesos de fortalecimiento\ninstitucional y comunitario para disminuir los flagelos generados por\nlas econom\u00edas il\u00edcitas como la impulsi\u00f3n de procesos productivos\nl\u00edcitos y el desarrollo comunitario.\n\n\n8 Distribuci\u00f3n de Venezolanos en Colombia - Corte 31 de agosto 2021, Migraci\u00f3n\nColombia\n9 Producci\u00f3n de hoja de coca, transformaci\u00f3n y tr\u00e1fico.\n[10 Monitoreo de territorios afectados por cultivos il\u00edcitos 2020, UNODC, enlace](https://biesimci.org/fileadmin/2020/documentos/censo/censo_2020.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En relaci\u00f3n a la miner\u00eda ilegal, la Agencia Nacional de Miner\u00eda\nreporta un alto \u00edndice de miner\u00eda en el departamento, en donde el\n85% de la extracci\u00f3n de oro subterr\u00e1nea y el 98% de la explotaci\u00f3n\nde aluvi\u00f3n de oro se realiza de manera ilegal [11] . Los efectos nocivos\nde la miner\u00eda ilegal ha particularmente impactado la contaminaci\u00f3n\nde las fuentes h\u00eddricas, afectando directamente la salud y los medios\nde vida de la poblaci\u00f3n - en especial aquellas de comunidades\n\u00e9tnicas cuya seguridad y soberan\u00eda alimentaria depende de los r\u00edos.\n\n\n**Acceso Humanitario**\n\n\nEl complejo escenario humanitario de Nari\u00f1o generado por las\nfrecuentes confrontaciones en el marco del conflicto y sus din\u00e1micas\nde violencia ha tenido consecuencias directas sobre el acceso\nhumanitario en el departamento. La capacidad de las autoridades, la\nsociedad civil, y las organizaciones de cooperaci\u00f3n internacional de\nbrindar asistencia humanitaria de manera oportuna a las poblaciones\nafectadas se ha visto altamente restringida, al no disponer de las\ncondiciones m\u00ednimas de seguridad necesarias para ingresar a\nciertos territorios bajo control de grupos armados ilegales, aunado a\nlas caracter\u00edsticas geogr\u00e1ficas y clim\u00e1ticas propias del territorio que\ndificultan el acceso.\n\n\n\n\n\n**RIESGO 1: Desplazamiento forzado y confinamiento**\n\n\n**Datos Oficiales, Barreras y Subregistro**\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2021, seg\u00fan cifras oficiales de la UARIV, al menos\n31.816 personas en Nari\u00f1o fueron desplazadas de manera forzada\nde sus territorios a causa de acciones de los actores armados\nilegales. De estas, el 75% corresponde a poblaci\u00f3n afrocolombiana\ny el 8% a poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, siendo el 51% mujeres y el 38% a\n\n\n11 Plan de Desarrollo 2020 - 2023, Gobernaci\u00f3n de Nari\u00f1o\n12 NNA: Ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes menores de 18 a\u00f1os.\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nNNA [12] . Igualmente, la UARIV report\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n en 2021 un total de\n3.048 personas v\u00edctimas de confinamiento, 3,085 personas\namenazadas, 20 accidentes por MAP/MSE/AEI [13], 7 NNA v\u00edctimas de\nvinculaci\u00f3n a grupos armados y 77 delitos contra la libertad y la\nintegridad sexual en desarrollo del conflicto armado, siendo las\nmujeres las m\u00e1s afectadas.\n\n\nCon frecuencia, la causa de los desplazamientos y los\nconfinamientos est\u00e1 relacionada con la existencia de amenazas,\nriesgos o casos de violencia sexual, sobre todo hacia mujeres y\nadolescentes, as\u00ed como peligros de reclutamiento forzado ejercido\ncontra NNA y poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante. Durante 2021, se han\nevidenciado tambi\u00e9n distintas din\u00e1micas de presi\u00f3n y control hacia\nla poblaci\u00f3n civil por parte de los grupos armados ilegales, como la\ndistribuci\u00f3n de carnets de acceso distribuidos en la subregi\u00f3n de\nCordillera sin los cuales las personas no pueden transitar, imposici\u00f3n\nde horarios restringidos de movilidad, as\u00ed como la coerci\u00f3n contra\ncomunidades para evitar la intervenci\u00f3n de la fuerza p\u00fablica.\n\n\nEs importante resaltar que existe un alto nivel de subregistro en las\ncifras oficiales debido a m\u00faltiples factores, incluyendo temor de las\ncomunidades a declarar debido a coerci\u00f3n, amenazas y/o\nrepresalias de los actores armados ilegales, la imposibilidad de\ntrasladarse a las entidades, el desconocimiento del proceso de\ndeclaraci\u00f3n, falta de recursos econ\u00f3micos para el acceso a la\njusticia, imposibilidad o barreras en la declaraci\u00f3n para personas de\nnacionalidad extranjera, as\u00ed como la baja confianza de las\ncomunidades en el proceso de declaraci\u00f3n, registro y de reparaci\u00f3n\nintegral.\n\n\nExiste tambi\u00e9n una baja capacidad institucional en la respuesta a\nemergencias en el departamento, donde se presentan amenazas\nhacia los/as funcionarios/as para no atender a las comunidades\nafectadas al igual que limitaciones para la verificaci\u00f3n de hechos\nvictimizantes. Con frecuencia, esto limita o impide la activaci\u00f3n de\n\n\n13 MAP, MSE y AEI: Minas Antipersonales, Municiones Sin Explosionar y\nArtefactos Explosivos Improvisados.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rutas de protecci\u00f3n, en especial de VBG, al igual que el acceso a\nderechos fundamentales como la atenci\u00f3n en salud y entregas de\nasistencia humanitaria, causando a su vez la invisibilizaci\u00f3n de las\nsituaciones de violaci\u00f3n de derechos.\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n propia: Cl\u00faster Protecci\u00f3n Colombia. Registro \u00danico de V\u00edctimas - UARIV, [enlace](https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv/37394)\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nDebido a lo anterior, los actores de protecci\u00f3n estiman que la cifra\nreal de personas afectadas por desplazamiento forzado y\nconfinamiento en Nari\u00f1o es significativamente m\u00e1s alta.\n\n\n**Comunidades \u00c9tnicas**\n\n\nLa recurrencia de desplazamientos forzados y confinamientos en\nzonas y hacia poblaciones \u00e9tnicas hist\u00f3ricamente afectadas por el\nconflicto armado ha generado efectos desproporcionados en sus\nderechos colectivos y pr\u00e1cticas ancestrales, al igual que en su\ndesarrollo de proyectos de vida y en su seguridad y soberan\u00eda\nalimentaria. Las comunidades \u00e9tnicas afectadas por el impacto del\nconflicto pierden con frecuencia sus medios de vida, bienes y fuentes\nde sustento propias y de sus familias.\n\n\nEn muchos casos, debido a la falta de medios de vida en la\ncomunidad receptora, las comunidades \u00e9tnicas v\u00edctimas de\ndesplazamiento forzado deciden regresar a sus territorios sin\nacompa\u00f1amiento institucional y sin el cumplimiento de los principios\nde seguridad, dignidad y voluntariedad para la constituci\u00f3n de\nretorno, poniendo en riesgo sus vidas e integridad.\n\n\n**Poblaci\u00f3n Refugiada y Migrante**\n\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante de distintas nacionalidades tanto\nen vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia como en tr\u00e1nsito en Nari\u00f1o, no solo se\nve afectada por los hechos victimizantes en el marco del conflicto\narmado interno, sino que tambi\u00e9n ven su situaci\u00f3n agravada debido\na la falta de claridad de las instituciones estatales sobre las rutas de\nactivaci\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n de derechos con enfoque integral, al igual\nque numerosos obst\u00e1culos en el acceso a asistencia humanitaria. A\nesto se le a\u00f1ade la imposici\u00f3n de barreras que enfrenta la poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y migrante para la toma de declaraciones de hechos\nvictimizantes, y por ende su falta de inclusi\u00f3n en el Registro \u00danico\nde V\u00edctimas (RUV) y reconocimiento como v\u00edctimas. En muchas\nocasiones, esto ocurre por desconocimiento de los/as\nfuncionarios/as sobre la atenci\u00f3n a poblaci\u00f3n extranjera, al igual que\npor el temor de declarar por parte de la poblaci\u00f3n debido a su\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "situaci\u00f3n migratoria irregular, temiendo ser devueltas o expulsadas\ndel pa\u00eds.\n\n\nA estas vulneraciones y riesgos enfrentadas por la poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y migrante en Nari\u00f1o se suman la falta de acceso al\nsistema de salud, protecci\u00f3n y de justicia, al igual que una alta\nexposici\u00f3n a redes de trata y tr\u00e1fico de personas, problem\u00e1tica en\naumento en el territorio que afecta principalmente a NNA y mujeres.\n\n\n**Revictimizaci\u00f3n**\n\n\nUna gran parte de las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto\narmado interno en Nari\u00f1o se encuentran en alto riesgo de\nrevictimizaci\u00f3n debido a la fuerte presencia de actores armados\nilegales. La recurrencia de las din\u00e1micas de violencia del conflicto\ncontin\u00faan afectando desproporcionadamente a la poblaci\u00f3n civil,\nqui\u00e9n se ve atrapada en medio de combates y acciones armadas,\nsin respeto al principio de distinci\u00f3n y humanidad del Derecho\nInternacional Humanitario (DIH).\n\n\n**RIESGO 2: Homicidios, feminicidios, y personas**\n**desaparecidas**\n\n\nDe acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, durante el\na\u00f1o 2021 se registraron un total de 346 homicidios en Nari\u00f1o,\nperpetrados en su gran mayor\u00eda en los municipios de Tumaco (52%),\nPasto (15%) e Ipiales (13%) - de los cuales el 89% de las v\u00edctimas\nse encontraban entre los 15 - 49 a\u00f1os y el 16% pertenec\u00edan a grupos\n\u00e9tnicos. [14]\n\n\nIgualmente, durante el a\u00f1o 2021 se reportaron un total de 174 casos\nde personas v\u00edctimas de desaparici\u00f3n forzada en Nari\u00f1o impactando desproporcionadamente a mujeres, adolescentes y\nni\u00f1as. Un 67% de las personas desaparecidas durante 2021 fueron\nmujeres, siendo las mujeres y ni\u00f1as entre 10 - 24 a\u00f1os las v\u00edctimas\nm\u00e1s afectadas. Para el caso de los hombres, el 65% de las personas\ndesaparecidas se encontraban entre los 20 - 39 a\u00f1os. [15] Esto podr\u00eda\n\n\n14 Cifras preliminares de lesiones de causa externa en Colombia. 2021, Medicina\n[Legal, enlace.](https://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/cifras-de-lesiones-de-causa-externa)\n\n8\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nasociarse a din\u00e1micas de reclutamiento forzado y/o trata de\npersonas, hechos que se encuentran altamente subregistrados en el\ndepartamento.\n\n\n**RIESGO 3: Amenazas y Represalias**\n\n\nLos actores armados ilegales contin\u00faan amenazando a las\ncomunidades, autoridades \u00e9tnicas, personas defensoras de\nderechos humanos, l\u00edderes y lideresas sociales, as\u00ed como\nfuncionarios y funcionarias p\u00fablicas. Sus principales objetivos\nincluyen la no declaraci\u00f3n de hechos victimizantes, la realizaci\u00f3n o\nla suspensi\u00f3n de ciertas actividades econ\u00f3micas, la restricci\u00f3n de\nmovilidad en horarios limitados, al igual que la invisibilizaci\u00f3n de las\nafectaciones del conflicto armado.\n\n\nCon frecuencia, miembros de la comunidad, especialmente l\u00edderes y\nlideresas comunitarias, contin\u00faan estando en riesgo de ser\nse\u00f1alados por parte de los actores armados ilegales de pertenecer\n\n- ser informantes y/o aliados de grupos contrarios, e incluso de la\nfuerza p\u00fablica, ocasionando amenazas, homicidios y\ndesplazamientos forzados, aunado a la fuerte estigmatizaci\u00f3n y\npresi\u00f3n por sus roles de liderazgo en las comunidades.\n\n\n**RIESGO 4: Reclutamiento de NNA**\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2021, se han evidenciado en Nari\u00f1o el uso de\ndiferentes estrategias de reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de NNA por\nparte de grupos armados ilegales tales como: ofertas de dinero,\nalimentos, falsa protecci\u00f3n, consecuci\u00f3n de poder y reconocimiento\na trav\u00e9s de armas, motos, control en territorios, persuasi\u00f3n, compra\nde elementos deportivos y organizaci\u00f3n de eventos comunitarios. Se\nhan evidenciado tambi\u00e9n estrategias de reclutamiento como las\ncuotas de guerra, presi\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica y f\u00edsica, amenazas al igual que\nviolencia sexual. Los actores de protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez\n\n\n15 Cifras preliminares de lesiones de causa externa en Colombia. 2021, Medicina\n[Legal, enlace.](https://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/cifras-de-lesiones-de-causa-externa)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "hanidentificado que la edad de vinculaci\u00f3n y reclutamiento en Nari\u00f1o\nse da desde los 8 a\u00f1os.\n\n\nEstas din\u00e1micas y estrategias de reclutamiento de NNA en el\ndepartamento incrementaron a ra\u00edz de la emergencia por COVID-19\ncon el cierre de las instituciones educativas, la escasez de alimentos,\np\u00e9rdida de trabajo, el encierro en las casas y la d\u00e9bil presencia de la\ninstitucionalidad en los territorios, agudizando los riesgos de los\nNNA. Esto gener\u00f3 que los grupos armados ilegales fueran\nconsiderados como una salida ante las condiciones precarias de\ndesprotecci\u00f3n social y econ\u00f3mica que enfrentaban las comunidades\ny como una medida de subsistencia.\n\n\nLa situaci\u00f3n de reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de NNA por grupos\narmados ilegales en Nari\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n ha afectado a NNA migrantes\nquienes enfrentan riesgos y vulnerabilidades adicionales debido a\nfactores como la situaci\u00f3n migratoria irregular, desconocimiento del\ncontexto, y necesidades de empleo y de recursos econ\u00f3micos, en\nespecial en los casos de NNA no acompa\u00f1ados o separados.\n\n\n**RIESGO 5: Contaminaci\u00f3n por MAP, MSE y AEI**\n\n\nDe acuerdo con la OACP, entre 1990 y agosto de 2021 Nari\u00f1o ha\nsido el tercer departamento y Tumaco el segundo municipio del pa\u00eds\ncon mayor n\u00famero de v\u00edctimas de MAP, con un total de 1,044 y 355\nv\u00edctimas respectivamente [16] . Entre 2018 a 2021 se reportaron en el\ndepartamento un total de 172 v\u00edctimas de MAP, MSE y AEI, en donde\nm\u00e1s del 70% de las v\u00edctimas fueron hombres. Las principales\nafectaciones por contaminaci\u00f3n de artefactos explosivos en Nari\u00f1o\nse concentran en los municipios de la Costa Pac\u00edfica (Tumaco,\nMag\u00fci Payan, Roberto Payan, Barbacoas, Olaya Herrera y El\nCharco), los municipios de Cordillera (Policarpa y Cumbitara), as\u00ed\ncomo el municipio de Santacruz de Guachavez, existiendo tambi\u00e9n\nun alto riesgo de ampliaci\u00f3n a los municipios de Ricaurte, Cumbal e\nIpiales.\n\n\n16 Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz\n\n9\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nPara el 2021, acorde a los registros de la OACP, se desactivaron\n592 artefactos explosivos, de los cuales 550 estaban ubicados en\nTumaco, resaltando el alto riesgo que enfrentan las comunidades\nque habitan en las zonas rurales del departamento. Se ha\nidentificado tambi\u00e9n la presencia de artefactos explosivos cerca de\nresguardos ind\u00edgenas, principalmente de la comunidad Aw\u00e1,\nconsejos comunitarios y centros educativos y recreacionales. Estos\nescenarios evidencian las continuas infracciones al DIH frente al\nprincipio de distinci\u00f3n entre combatientes y poblaci\u00f3n civil.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, debido a las condiciones de seguridad del\ndepartamento, el desminado humanitario no puede llevarse a cabo\nen los municipios que reportan la mayor afectaci\u00f3n, mientras que las\norganizaciones que realizan intervenciones de Educaci\u00f3n en el\nRiesgo de Minas (ERM) han disminuido su capacidad debido a la\nreducci\u00f3n del espacio humanitario y de la financiaci\u00f3n otorgada para\nestas actividades, impactado la capacidad de las organizaciones\npara ofrecer asistencia a los sobrevivientes y v\u00edctimas indirectas de\nesta problem\u00e1tica.\n\n\nEntre las causas principales del uso y la presencia de MAP, MSE y\nAEI en Nari\u00f1o se destacan la instalaci\u00f3n de MAP para la protecci\u00f3n\nde cultivos de uso il\u00edcito, al igual que los recurrentes enfrentamientos\ny disputas territoriales entre los distintos actores armados ilegales\nque ocasionan la contaminaci\u00f3n por MSE. Frente a esto, existe un\nalto grado de desconocimiento de las comunidades sobre los\npeligros que implica manipular artefactos explosivos, incrementando\nsu riesgo de afectaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**RIESGO 6: Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, incluyendo violencia**\n**sexual**\n\n\nEn el departamento de Nari\u00f1o, la violencia sexual y las distintas\nformas de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero continuan siendo a la vez\ncausas y consecuencias del conflicto armado. Se evidencia un alto\n\u00edndice en el uso de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero y la violencia\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sexual en el marco del conflicto, principalmente contra mujeres,\nni\u00f1as y adolescentes mujeres, como t\u00e1ctica e instrumento de guerra\npor parte de los distintos actores armados ilegales. A su vez, las\nsituaciones de vulnerabilidad a los que diversos grupos\npoblacionales son expuestos a causa de la crisis humanitaria,\nincrementan desproporcionadamente el riesgo y los casos de VBG y\nVSBG, especialmente a trav\u00e9s del:\n\n\n- Control, utilizaci\u00f3n e instrumentalizaci\u00f3n de mujeres y ni\u00f1as,\nincluyendo fines transaccionales (e.g.: intercambio de mujeres y\nni\u00f1as por municiones)\n\n\n- Exposici\u00f3n a sexo por supervivencia, principalmente de mujeres\nde nacionalidad venezolana como medio de supervivencia\n\n\n- Casos de VBG y violencia sexual en albergues y comunidades de\nacogida\n\n\nSeg\u00fan la UARIV, en el 2021 se registraron en Nari\u00f1o 74 personas\nvictimas de violencia sexual en el marco del conflicto [17], siendo\nTumaco el municipio con mayor afectaci\u00f3n al presentar 37 v\u00edctimas,\nde las cuales 35 son mujeres. Por su parte, el Instituto Nacional de\nMedicina Legal registr\u00f3 en total 4 feminicidios cometidos contra\nmujeres mayores de edad y 107 delitos sexuales [18], de los cuales 50\ncasos ocurrieron en Pasto [19] .\n\n\nLos actores de protecci\u00f3n presentes en Nari\u00f1o han identificado\ndistintas barreras en la respuesta a la VBG, incluyendo: la poblaci\u00f3n\nafectada no cuenta con informaci\u00f3n sobre derechos y rutas de\natenci\u00f3n; la institucionalidad no tiene medidas apropiadas y\nsuficientes para la respuesta, lo que incluye demoras en la\nprestaci\u00f3n de los servicios; desconocimiento de las formas de VBG\npor parte de los y las funcionarias; barreras en la articulaci\u00f3n y\nremisi\u00f3n de casos; juicios de valor respecto a la ocurrencia de los\n\n\n17 4 hombres, 68 mujeres y 2 personas pertenecientes a la comunidad LGBTQ+\n18 100 contra mujeres de las cuales 57 son menores de 18 a\u00f1os.\n\n10\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\nhechos; as\u00ed como limitadas estrategias de prevenci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n\nde riesgos de la VBG en las emergencias.\n\n\nEn este contexto, se resaltan tambi\u00e9n otras barreras identificadas en\nel departamento como el temor y la desconfianza hacia la\ninstitucionalidad por parte de las v\u00edctimas sobrevivientes de VBG, al\nigual que la presencia frecuente del agresor y/o agresores en el\nc\u00edrculo familiar de la persona sobreviviente. Asimismo, existe una\nfalta de elementos materiales como los kits dignidad para el manejo\nde la gesti\u00f3n menstrual en las medidas de respuesta a emergencias,\nal igual que una falta de espacios de aseo adecuados, seguros y\nprivados en los albergues temporales.\n\n\n\n\n\n**1. Monitoreo y an\u00e1lisis continuo:** El escenario de disputa territorial\nentre grupos armados ilegales en Nari\u00f1o continuar\u00e1 durante 2022\ndebido a la continuidad de las din\u00e1micas del conflicto armado interno\ny las problem\u00e1ticas hist\u00f3ricas de violencia. Esto hace necesario que\ntanto desde la institucionalidad como desde la arquitectura\nhumanitaria se cuente con un seguimiento y an\u00e1lisis continuo y\ncomprensivo del contexto, que permita identificar riesgos, vac\u00edos y\nnecesidades de protecci\u00f3n as\u00ed como datos de las comunidades\nafectadas desagregados por g\u00e9nero, edad, perfil \u00e9tnico, y diversidad\nfuncional. Estos datos deben dar paso a un an\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n\nque apoye la toma de decisiones y respuestas con enfoques\ndiferenciales que logren aportar a la restituci\u00f3n de derechos de la\npoblaci\u00f3n civil. En este sentido, el monitoreo continuo frente a las\nafectaciones, riesgos y necesidades que viven las comunidades\n\u00e9tnicas, las mujeres as\u00ed como NNA en el marco del conflicto armado\ninterno desde un enfoque transversal seguir\u00e1 siendo una prioridad\npara el GTP de Nari\u00f1o, sus socios y subgrupos de protecci\u00f3n. Es\n\n\n19 De ellos, 45 casos son mujeres de las cuales 24 son menores de 18 a\u00f1os.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "importante continuar fomentando la participaci\u00f3n activa de los\nactores humanitarios en los espacios interagenciales para contraste\ny alimentaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n sobre las emergencias.\n\n\n**2. Fortalecimiento institucional:** El fortalecimiento de los espacios\ninterinstitucionales a trav\u00e9s de la asistencia t\u00e9cnica a las entidades\ngubernamentales debe continuar siendo una prioridad de la\nrespuesta humanitaria, con el fin de mejorar la operatividad y eficacia\nen la respuesta institucional. Se requiere tambi\u00e9n continuar\napoyando la capacidad de respuesta de emergencia, y de atenci\u00f3n\ny servicios del Estado en su rol de primer respondiente. Esto incluye\nla mejora en la activaci\u00f3n de rutas de protecci\u00f3n para NNA, mujeres\ny personas LGBTIQ+, al igual que rutas con enfoques \u00e9tnicos y\ndiferenciales, realizando un acompa\u00f1amiento integral que evite\nacciones con da\u00f1o y vulneraciones ocasionadas por respuestas\ntard\u00edas. Contin\u00faa siendo importante el fortalecimiento de las\ncapacidades y la sensibilizaci\u00f3n de funcionarios/as e instituciones de\nlos sectores de justicia, salud y protecci\u00f3n, para una respuesta\ncoordinada. Se resalta tambi\u00e9n la importancia de incrementar los\nconocimientos sobre la ruta de acceso al sistema de protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional para poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, al igual que sobre las\nmedidas y mecanismos frente a la prevenci\u00f3n de trata y tr\u00e1fico de\npersonas en Nari\u00f1o.\n\n\n**3. Protecci\u00f3n por presencia:** Es indispensable promover la\nprotecci\u00f3n por presencia desde los actores humanitarios y la\ninstitucionalidad en Nari\u00f1o. Este debe ser un aspecto clave a tener\nen cuenta en los planes de trabajo concertados con las comunidades\nafectadas para garantizar la presencia sostenida de actores\ninstitucionales y humanitarios en el territorio, la identificaci\u00f3n\ntemprana de riesgos, la definici\u00f3n de medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n\noportunas, las acciones para el restablecimiento de derechos y la\nconsolidaci\u00f3n de soluciones duraderas. Esto requiere una mejora en\nel acceso al territorio, fortaleciendo las capacidades t\u00e9cnicas y de\nseguridad de los actores para el ingreso y verificaci\u00f3n de\nemergencias de desplazamientos forzados y confinamientos.\n\n\n11\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\n**4. Fortalecimiento del trabajo conjunto:** Es fundamental que\ndesde la arquitectura humanitaria se contin\u00fae manejando la\ntransversalidad del enfoque de protecci\u00f3n en el an\u00e1lisis de\ninformaci\u00f3n y desarrollo de acciones en Nari\u00f1o de manera continua.\nPara ello, se deben realizar jornadas regulares de capacitaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed\ncomo continuar fortaleciendo los espacios interagenciales como el\nGTP y SLP que motivan el di\u00e1logo abierto y conjunto sobre las\nafectaciones en el marco del conflicto y la situaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y migrante.\n\n\n**5. Implementaci\u00f3n del marco normativo:** Es indispensable\ncontinuar fortaleciendo la aplicaci\u00f3n de la normatividad y\njurisprudencia colombiana en temas de poblaci\u00f3n v\u00edctima del\nconflicto armado interno as\u00ed como de poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante\npresente en el territorio. En este sentido, se debe continuar instando\na las autoridades gubernamentales a la implementaci\u00f3n de los autos\nde seguimiento de la Sentencia T-025 de 2004 para el caso de la\npoblaci\u00f3n desplazada, con el fin de establecer y dise\u00f1ar protocolos,\nplanes y estrategias de protecci\u00f3n con aplicaci\u00f3n de los enfoques\ndiferenciales para las comunidades ind\u00edgenas y afrocolombianas y\nsujetos de especial protecci\u00f3n. Se debe continuar velando por el\nmanejo de las resoluciones \u00e9tnicas de la UARIV en tema de retornos\ny reubicaciones para su correcta aplicaci\u00f3n en los Subcomit\u00e9s de\nAsistencia y Atenci\u00f3n, y su materializaci\u00f3n desde la administraci\u00f3n\nmunicipal con las comunidades v\u00edctimas de desplazamiento forzado.\n\n\n**6. Incidencia:** La situaci\u00f3n de emergencia humanitaria en el\ndepartamento de Nari\u00f1o requiere del continuo seguimiento del\nMinisterio P\u00fablico para garantizar el accionar institucional en torno al\nacceso a derechos de la poblaci\u00f3n afectada por el conflicto armado\ny poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante, en especial para las mujeres, NNA,\ny comunidades \u00e9tnicas. Las organizaciones humanitarias deben\ncontinuar adelantando acciones de incidencia con la institucionalidad\nacerca de su labor y obligaciones como garantes de derecho.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An\u00e1lisis de Protecci\u00f3n \u2223 Nari\u00f1o, Colombia \u2223 Abril 2022\n\n\n\n**7. Fortalecimiento del trabajo con comunidades:** Es necesario\nque la institucionalidad y las organizaciones de cooperaci\u00f3n, de\nmanera conjunta, fortalezcan su trabajo directo con las\ncomunidades. Esto incluye desarrollar estrategias encaminadas a la\nprevenci\u00f3n de afectaciones, la promoci\u00f3n de derechos individuales\ny colectivos, y el apoyo a las comunidades en el desarrollo y\nrestituci\u00f3n de sus proyectos de vida. Se debe tambi\u00e9n continuar\nfortaleciendo los conocimientos de la poblaci\u00f3n acerca de sus\nderechos como v\u00edctimas y/o poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante, al igual\nque medidas de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n ante riesgos existentes,\nincluyendo: educaci\u00f3n en riesgo de minas, protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez, y\nprevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n y respuesta de VBG.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52d4f2af-84a4-34f0-be9b-ad3b3af52a63/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Colombia%2C%20Departamento%20de%20Nari%C3%B1o%20-%20An%C3%A1lisis%20de%20Protecci%C3%B3n%20%28Abril%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_613/raw/doc_613_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_613/raw/doc_613_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 54b8cb28b16228475f74579e047afb980545c3c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_613/raw/doc_613_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,452 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of Contents** **Page**\n\n\nList of Abbreviations/Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. ii\n\n\n1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1\n\n\n2.0 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................ 1\n\n\n3.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 1\n\n\n4.0 Findings of the study ................................................................................................................................... 2\n\n\n4.1 People most overwhelmed with MHPSS problems/suicide tendencies ...................................................... 2\n\n\n4.2 Interventions to support people without adequate care ............................................................................... 3\n\n\n4.3 Community suicide prevention mechanisms ............................................................................................... 4\n\n\n4.4 Village Health Teams (VHTs) and the role they play ................................................................................. 4\n\n\n4.5 Meaningful access/challenges in accessing Mental Health Services .......................................................... 5\n\n\n4.6 The current situation of COVID-19 and its effect on the MHPSS coping mechanisms ............................. 6\n\n\n4.7 Desired interventions to prevent or respond to MHPSS problems/needs of the PoCs ................................ 7\n\n\n4.8 Knowledge and experience on filing complaints to UNHCR about misconduct of Staff ........................... 8\n\n\nSummary of Findings .............................................................................................................................................. 8\n\n\nConclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 9\n\n\nKey Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\nAnnex I: Focus Group Guide (FGD) .................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\nAnnex II: Key Informants Interview Guide .......................................................................................................... 12\n\n\n**List of figures** **Page**\n\n\nFigure 1: People prone to distress and suicidal ideation .......................................................................... 2\n\nFigure 2: Greatest current sources of distress, suicidal ideation (Root cause) ......................................... 2\n\nFigure 3: Efforts put in place to mitigate suicidal ideation in the Settlements ........................................ 3\n\nFigure 4: Existing support to people without adequate care and assistance ............................................ 3\n\nFigure 5: Community interventions for suicide prevention ..................................................................... 4\n\n\nFigure 6: Existence of VHTs and the roles they play ............................................................................... 4\n\nFigure 7: Difficulties PoCs face in accessing MHS and their causes ...................................................... 5\n\nFigure 8: Remedies to mitigate the causes of difficulty in accessing MHS ............................................. 5\n\nFigure 9: Effect of COVID-19 on the previously active MHPSS copying mechanisms ......................... 6\n\nFigure 10: People\u2019s greatest source of support amidst COVID-19 .......................................................... 6\n\nFigure 11: Preventive/remedial interventions on MHPSS problems/needs of the PoCs ......................... 7\n\nFigure 12: Knowledge and experience on filing complaints .................................................................... 8\n\n\ni\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**List of Abbreviations/Acronyms**\n\n\nCOO Country of Origin\n\n\nCOVID 19 2019 Novel Corona Virus Disease\n\n\nFGDs Focus Group Discussions\n\n\nIM Information Management\n\n\nKII Key Informants Interview\n\n\nMHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n\n\nMHS Mental Health Services\n\n\nOPM Office of the Prime Minister\n\n\nPoCs Persons of Concern\n\n\nPSN Persons with Specific Needs\n\n\nPWDs Persons with Disabilities\n\n\nRWC Refugee Welfare Council\n\n\nSGBV Sexual Gender Based Violence\n\n\nTPO Transcultural Psychosocial Organization\n\n\nUASC Unaccompanied and Separated Children\n\n\nUNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refuges\n\n\nVHT Village Health Team\n\n\nWASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n\n\nii\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.0** **Introduction**\nThis report is on the findings of the focus group discussions and key informants\u2019 interviews conducted\non the causes of distress and suicidal ideation, the most affected population groups, the impact of SGBV\nand COVID-19 on Mental Health and Psychosocial (MHPSS) wellbeing of the Persons of Concern\n(PoCs) and the possible desired interventions to mitigate the suicidal tendencies among the PoCs.\n\n|Report Writer|Arua Protection Department (SGBV & IM Units)|\n|---|---|\n|**Location**|Arua Sub-Office|\n|**Target Groups**|Boys, Girls, Men, Women, Ethnic and Religious minorities|\n|**Date**|03/08/2020|\n\n\n\n**2.0** **Purpose**\nThe purpose of the survey is to have a better understanding of the factors leading to increased Mental\nHealth and Psychosocial problems faced by persons of concern in the Imvepi and Rhino Camp Refugee\nSettlements. During protection monitoring, sseveral attempted and complete suicides were closely linked\nto SGBV. The purpose of the survey is to track the prevalence of suicide and attempted suicide cases as\na direct recommendation from the SGBV Sub Working Group Meetings in both Rhino Camp and Imvepi\nRefugee Settlements. The recommendations arising from the discussions will help in designing\nappropriate preventive and response strategies for improved prevention and response to Mental Health\nand Psychological problems or needs of women, men, boys and girls.\n\n\n**3.0** **Methodology**\nThe survey employed two data collection methods that is Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key\nInformant Interviews (KII). A total of 40 FGDs (27 in Rhino and 13 in Imvepi) were conducted\nseparately in groups of 10 members comprising of Girls aged 12 to 17 years old, including those in\nschool and out of school, Boys aged 12 to 17 years old, including those in school and out of school,\nWomen aged 19 to 45 years old, Men aged 19 to 45 years old, Women aged 45+ years old, Men aged\n45+ years old, Persons with Disabilities, Ethnic Minorities and Religious Minorities.\n\n\nThe FGDs were sampled using the stratified sampling method where the Settlements were divided into\nZones that represented the strata. The selected strata were of homogeneous characteristics representative\nof the entire population. The number of FGDs conducted were proportionately estimated from the\npopulation of the Settlement and later the Zone to conclusively determine the number of groups per each\nstratum.\n\n\nTwelve (12) KIIs (7 in Imvepi and 5 in Rhino) were drawn from among Psychiatric officer, Social\nworkers, OPM Protection staff, Village Health Teams (VHTs), Refugee Welfare Committee (RWCs)\nand Police. Both purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to draw the Key Informants\nduring the survey.\n\n\nThe total sample size of 412 respondents was reached during the survey, and this was slightly higher\nthan the estimated target of 383 respondents drawn from a population 186,252 Persons of Concern\n(PoCs). This was considered on the argument that the bigger the sample size the higher the precision of\nthe results.\n\n\nThe choice of sampling methods did not pose any limitation or challenge to the study, but rather\nenhanced representative sampling where the results of the study can be statistically inferenced at the\n95% confidence interval and acknowledged as credible representation of the entire population.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5863431692123413, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8013526201248169, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Report Writer", - "confidence": 0.9373324513435364, - "start": 82, - "end": 84 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Imvepi and Rhino Camp Refugee\nSettlements", - "confidence": 0.6530061364173889, - "start": 189, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons of Concern", - "confidence": 0.9401307702064514, - "start": 61, - "end": 64 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9220126271247864, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7787390351295471, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "SGBV Sub Working Group", - "confidence": 0.8397954106330872, - "start": 233, - "end": 237 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.6045401096343994, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Girls aged 12 to 17 years old", - "confidence": 0.5970368385314941, - "start": 343, - "end": 350 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key\nInformant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.612004280090332, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Psychiatric officer", - "confidence": 0.7132591009140015, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5403549075126648, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8087480664253235, - "start": 539, - "end": 540 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Settlement", - "confidence": 0.6444805860519409, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons of Concern", - "confidence": 0.5677589774131775, - "start": 573, - "end": 576 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.0** **Findings of the study**\n\n\n**4.1** **People most overwhelmed with MHPSS problems/suicide tendencies**\n\n\nThe study sought to understand the category of people most overwhelmed with Mental Health and\nPsychological problems/suicide tendencies and unable to cope with the situation or function normally.\nThe findings are as in figure 1 below;\n\n\n**Figure 1: People prone to distress and suicidal ideation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand polygamy), limited\naccess to basic needs,\nreduction in food and cash\nassistance, drug abuse and\nlimited support from parents\nor caregivers\u2019 details as in\nFigure 2 below.\n\n\nThe study further revealed\nthat some efforts have been\nput in place by different\nactors to mitigate distress and\nsuicidal ideation among the\npersons of concern. These\ninclude; counselling by\ncommunity leaders and\npartners, community\nsensitization and dialogue,\nassistance from humanitarian\npartners, livelihood support\nactivities and timely\nreporting to Police, partners\nand RWCs among others as\nin figure 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGDs**_\n\n\nThe survey revealed that the Youth, women, PWDs, single parents,\nUASC and the elderly are the most overwhelmed with Mental\nHealth and Psychological problems/suicide tendencies and are\nunable to cope with the situation or function normally.\n\n\nThe greatest sources of distress and suicidal ideation include;\nSGBV especially intimate partner violence (over decision making\n\n\n\n**Figure 2: Greatest current sources of distress, suicidal ideation (Root cause)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGDs**_\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.7460644245147705, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews and FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9727879166603088, - "start": 194, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.986997127532959, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 3: Efforts put in place to mitigate suicidal ideation in the Settlements**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGDs**_\n\n\n**4.2** **Interventions to support people without adequate care**\n\nIn the interest of the survey to understand what has been done to support people without adequate care\ne.g. isolated persons, SGBV survivors and or separated children; the study revealed that material support,\nPSN support with shelter and services, counselling from community leaders and partners, livelihood\nsupport activities, medical support, reporting/referral of suicide cases to police, Partners and RWCs and\ngeneral community support are some of the available support options.\n\n\n**Figure 4: Existing support to people without adequate care and assistance**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGDs**_\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews and FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8654724359512329, - "start": 23, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Interventions to support people without adequate care", - "confidence": 0.6148709654808044, - "start": 40, - "end": 47 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5868968963623047, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "isolated persons", - "confidence": 0.5642487406730652, - "start": 71, - "end": 73 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.3** **Community suicide prevention mechanisms**\n\nThe survey sought to understand what the community does to prevent suicides and the following was\nrevealed as detailed in figure 5 below;\n\n\n**Figure 5: Community interventions for suicide prevention**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: FGDs**_\n\n\nThe FGDs revealed that communities have been responding to suicidal prevention through provision of\ncounselling services with support of partners, sensitization/awareness creation, reporting suicide\nattempts to leaders, partners and the police and engaging in spiritual support of victims.\n\n\n**4.4** **Village Health Teams (VHTs) and the role they play**\n\n**Figure 6: Existence of VHTs and the roles they play**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: FGDs**_\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8607795238494873, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.917351484298706, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8352802991867065, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.5002765655517578, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The FGDs revealed that there are Village Health Teams in the communities playing some of the\nfollowing roles; referral/reporting of cases to health facilities, mobilization and provision of health\neducation, provision of WASH services and conduct home visits among others as detailed in the figure\n6 above.\n\n\n**4.5** **Meaningful access/challenges in accessing Mental Health Services**\n\n**Figure 7: Difficulties PoCs face in accessing MHS and their causes**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews**_\nThe key informants cited shortage of drugs, long distance to health facility, transport challenge, language\nbarriers and stigma are main difficulties PoCs face in accessing MHS caused by health workers attitude,\ninadequate ambulances, drug stockouts, long distance to the Health Facilities and ignorance of PoCs\nabout MHPSS among others as detailed in figure 7 above.\n**Figure 8: Remedies to mitigate the causes of difficulty in accessing MHS**\n\n\n\nSome of the remedies\nadvanced to mitigate the\ndifficulties in accessing MHS\ninclude; increase in number\nof referral vehicles,\nawareness creation,\nrecruitment of MHPSS\nHealth staff, recruitment of\ninterpreters, provision of\nfacility for mental health and\nadequate drug supplies\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews**_\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.6** **The current situation of COVID-19 and its effect on the MHPSS coping mechanisms**\n\n\nIn the bid to understand how COVID-19 has affected the MHPSS coping mechanisms, the respondents\ncited the issues indicated in figure 9 below;\n\n\n**Figure 9: Effect of COVID-19 on the previously active MHPSS copying mechanisms**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGD**_\n\n\n**Figure 10: People\u2019s greatest source of support amidst COVID-19**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGD**_\n\n\nThe study reveals that the restrictive guidelines on COVID-19 coupled with reduction in food ration,\nclosure of schools and the limited social interaction has immensely affected the existing MHPSS copying\nmechanisms.\n\n\nIt further reveals that people view food assistance, agriculture, partners\u2019 support, income generating\nactivities, health services, livelihood support activities and awareness sessions including about COVID19 as their greatest source of support.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.7** **Desired interventions to prevent or respond to MHPSS problems/needs of the PoCs**\n\nThe respondents cited the interventions enumerated in figure 11 below to prevent to respond to MHPSS\nproblems/needs of the PoCs in their Settlements.\n\n\n**Figure 11: Preventive/remedial interventions on MHPSS problems/needs of the PoCs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source: Key Informant Interviews and FGD**_\n\n\n**FGF** _**FGD briefing for elderly and disabled at Ofua III RWC I Offices, Rhino Camp @Abusa UNHCR**_ **DFG**\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.8** **Knowledge and experience on filing complaints to UNHCR about misconduct of Staff**\n\n\nThe study sought to understand knowledge and experience on filling complaints to UNHCR about\nmisconduct of staff or its partner staff. The following were the findings as detailed in the figure 12 below;\n**Figure 12: Knowledge and experience on filing complaints**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Knows how to file
complaint
No
33%
Yes
67%|Fear of retaliation
Do not know where to report
Don't know toll free line
No response
Threats
Distortion of information
Fear of being asked many questions
Fear of being followed up
Fear of hatred
Fear of responses from partners
Fear people will lose jobs
Justice not accessed by survivor
Lack of privacy
long distance
No feedback
Suggestion boxes never opened
Waste of time|5
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1|\n|---|---|---|\n|
No
67%
Yes
33%
**Ever filed a complaint**|
No
67%
Yes
33%
**Ever filed a complaint**|
No
67%
Yes
33%
**Ever filed a complaint**|\n|
Yes
73%
No
27%
**Feels comfortable filing**
**complaint**|
Yes
73%
No
27%
**Feels comfortable filing**
**complaint**|
Yes
73%
No
27%
**Feels comfortable filing**
**complaint**|\n\n\n\nThe study reveals that PoCs know how to file complaints to UNHCR about misconduct of its staff or\npartner staff but majority of them never filed any complaints though they feel comfortable doing so.\nHowever, the few who feel uncomfortable to file complaints cited reasons like; fear of retaliation, not\nknowing where to report, threats by perpetrators, no response and not knowing the toll-free line among\nothers.\n\n\n**Summary of Findings**\n\n\nThis study showed that people commonly overwhelmed with psychosocial challenges and suicidal\nideation are youth, women, PWDs, single parents, UASC and the elderly and are unable to cope with\nthe situation or function normally.\n\n\nThe survey revealed that the greatest source of distress and suicidal ideation includes SGBV especially\nintimate partner violence, limited access to basic needs, reduction in food and cash assistance, drug abuse\nand limited support from parents or caregivers, The study further revealed that some efforts have been\nput in place by different actors to mitigate distress and suicidal ideation among the persons of concern.\nThese include counselling by community leaders and partners, community sensitization and dialogue,\nassistance from humanitarian partners, livelihood support activities and timely reporting to police,\npartners and Refugee Welfare Councils (RWCs) among others.\n\n\nThe study further shows the interventions to support people without adequate care e.g. isolated persons,\nSGBV survivors and or separated children, includes material support, PSN support with shelter and\nservices, counselling from community leaders and partners, livelihood support activities, medical\nsupport, reporting/referral of suicide cases to police, partners, RWCs and general community support.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9688630104064941, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8281813263893127, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The study listed community mechanisms on suicide prevention including provision of counselling\nservices with support of partners, sensitization/awareness creation, reporting suicide attempts to leaders,\npartners and the police and engaging survivors in religion related activities.\n\n\nThe focus group discussions also revealed that Village Health Teams are playing the roles such as\nreferral/reporting of cases to health facilities, mobilization and provision of health education, provision\nof WASH services and conducting home visits among others.\n\n\nThe study exposed challenges in accessing mental health services in the two Settlements. As cited by\nthe key informants, these challenges include shortage of drugs at existing health facilities, long distances\nto health facilities, transport challenges including limited ambulances/vehicles, language barriers,\nstigma, health workers attitude, drug stockouts and ignorance of PoCs about MHPSS among others.\n\n\nThe study shows that key remedies to mitigate difficulties in accessing mental services include increase\nin number of referral vehicles, awareness creation, recruitment of MHPSS staff, recruitment of\ninterpreters, provision of facility for mental health and adequate drug supplies.\n\n\nThe study shows the current situation of COVID-19 affected MHPSS coping mechanisms due to\nrestrictive guidelines on COVID-19 coupled with reduction in food ration, limited church activities,\nclosure of schools and the limited social interaction. It further reveals that people now see food\nassistance, agriculture, partners\u2019 support, income generating activities, health services, livelihood\nsupport activities and awareness sessions including about COVID-19 as their greatest source of support\nnow.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nIn conclusion, Mental Health and Psychosocial problems affected a large segment of the refugee\npopulation in the Settlements, with the most affected being the youth, women PWDs, single parents and\nunaccompanied minors.\n\n\nThe main causes identified were domestic violence specifically among intimate partners, reduction of\nin-kind food and cash for food assistance, COVID-19 restrictive guidelines and lack of partners support\nto Persons of Concern.\n\n\nThe challenges identified during response to mental health cases were identified as inadequate funding\nto implement mental health programs, lack of specialized mental health unit to handle cases, inadequate\ndrugs at the facilities, inadequate ambulance to respond to emergency mental health cases.\n\n\nThe proposed interventions include lobbying for funds to implement MHPSS programs, scaling up\naccess referral vehicle for mental health clients, strengthening the capacity of VHTs, other community\nstructures to identify and refer cases for management, conducting mass awareness on MHPSS to persons\nof concerns, provision of specialized mental health units with qualified staff, provisions of alternative\nlivelihood support activities and material support to clients are key in addressing the mental health and\npsychosocial support needs of clients and PoCs in Arua Operation.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations**\n\n\nThe following recommendations have been advanced for Improved Mental Health and Psychosocial\nSupport Services;\n\n\n- Lobby and advocate for MHPSS funds, partner to implement comprehensive Mental Health and\nPsychosocial Services for refugees, the fund to cover comprehensive mental health package.\n\n\n- Establishment of specialized mental health unit in the Settlements; the mental health unit to be created\nwith fully equipped specialized qualified staff.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Adequate provision of mental health drug stocks and treatments for clients and other equipment to\nenhance effective mental health service provision as well as conduct regular home visits to clients to\nensure adherence to treatment and continuously conduct family therapy and community awareness to\neliminate stigmatization of clients with mental health problems.\n\n\n- MHPSS partner such as TPO to map available community structures including village health teams\nand strengthen their capacity to enhance early identification of suicide cases, timely referrals for\nmanagement as well as provide basic psychosocial first aid to clients as well as monthly share the\nstatistics for suicide cases to inform interventions.\n\n\n- Provision of specialized mental health vehicles to respond to mental health related emergencies in the\nrefugee Settlements, having this in place will enhance timely response to cases, and clinical\npsychologists and doctors to give priority and attention to mental health cases at the different\nfacilities.\n\n\n- UNHCR, OPM and Partners to advocate for more livelihood support activities in the community for\nPoCs in order to respond to the livelihood support needs of clients and PoCs in Rhino camp and\nImvepi as well as boost their economic wellbeing while prioritizing clients of mental health.\n\n\n- Provision of specialized education to children with mental health challenges, this offers equal\nopportunity for them to access education services.\n\n\n- Enhance collaboration between Mental Health and Psychosocial Support partners.\n\n\n- Adequate provision of material support to mental health patients to respond to the basic needs\nchallenge faced.\n\n\n- Targeted awareness raising with most affected populations such as the Youth, Women, PWDs, Single\nparents, UASC and the elderly who are overwhelmed with Mental Health and Psychological\nproblems/suicide. Refugees and host community should both be targeted.\n\n\n- Integrate SGBV messages in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support sensitizations.\n\n\n- MHPSS partners to consider psychosocial support, family therapy for both clients and families caring\nfor Persons with disability.\n\n\n- MHPSS partners (such as TPO) to conduct proper training and orientation of interpreters that help in\ncase management both in the community and at facilities.\n\n\n- MHPSS partners to explore the different approach used in responding to mental issues depending on\nthe nature and harmonize delivery of mental health services to PoCs.\n\n\n- Partners referring cases to MHPSS partners should closely follow up cases for feedback.\n\n\n- MHPSS partners to enhance the screening for clients in all the settlement for advanced MHPSS\n\n\n- Coordination of MHPSS partners should be improved including through monthly MHPSS SubWorking Group meetings.\n\n\n- The MHPSS partner to coordinate closely with Health partner to enhance timely access to drugs and\ntreatment of clients.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex I: Focus Group Guide (FGD)**\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\nThe purpose of the discussions is to better understand the factors leading to increased Mental Health and\nPsychosocial problems faced by persons of concern in the Refugee Settlement. The recommendations\narising from the discussions will help in designing appropriate preventive and response strategies for\nimproved prevention and response to Mental Health and Psychological problems or needs of women,\nmen, boys and girls.\n\n**Category of respondents**\n\n - **FG1: Girls aged 12 to 17 years old, including those in school and out of school**\n\n - **FG2: Boys aged 12 to 17 years old, including those in school and out of school**\n\n - **FG3: Women aged 19 to 45 years old**\n\n - **FG4: Women aged 45+ years old**\n\n - **FG5: Men aged 19-45 years old**\n\n - **FG6: Men aged 45+ years old**\n\n - **FG7: Persons with disabilities**\n\n - **FG8: Ethnic minorities**\n\n - **FG9: Religious minorities**\n\n\n1. Who is the category of people who seem to be most overwhelmed with Mental health and\n\nPsychological problems/suicide tendencies and unable to cope with the situation or function normally?\n\n\n2. What do affected people see as their greatest current sources of distress, suicidal ideation (Root cause)\n\nand what is being done to address those sources?\n\n\n3. What is being done to support people without adequate care and support e.g. isolated persons, SGBV\n\nsurvivors or separated children?\n\n\n4. What does your community do to prevent suicides? Are there Village Health Teams (VHT) in your\n\nvillages, and what roles do they play? (probe: home visits, health education, referral, escorting patients,\nsurveillance and reporting) \u2013 self-protection mechanisms / existing capacities within the community /\ncommunity-based protection mechanisms)\n\n\n5. How has the current situation of COVID-19 affected the MHPSS coping mechanisms that were\n\npreviously active? What do people see as their greatest source of support now?\n\n\n6. What can be done to prevent and or respond to Mental Health and Psychosocial problems/ needs of\n\nPOCs in your Settlement?\n\n\n7. Do you know how to file a complaint to UNHCR about misconduct of staff or UNHCR partners? Has\n\nanyone ever filed a complaint? Do you feel comfortable filing a complaint? If not, why not?\n\n\n8. Is there anything else you would like to tell us?\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex II: Key Informants Interview Guide**\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\nThe purpose of the discussions is to better understand the factors leading to increased Mental Health and\nPsychosocial problems faced by persons of concern in the Refugee Settlement. The recommendations\narising from the discussions will help in designing appropriate preventive and response strategies for\nimproved prevention and response to Mental Health and Psychological problems or needs of women,\nmen, boys and girls.\n\n**Category of respondents**\n\n - Psychiatrist officer at the health centres\n\n - Social workers from the partners\n\n - OPM Protection staff from each Settlement\n\n - VHTs\n\n - Refugee Welfare Committee\n\n\n1 Who is the category of people who seem to be most overwhelmed with Mental health and\n\nPsychological problems/suicide tendencies and unable to cope with the situation or function normally?\n\n\n2 What do affected people see as their greatest current sources of distress, suicidal ideation (Root cause)\n\nand what is being done to address those sources?\n\n\n3 What is being done to support people without adequate care and support e.g. isolated persons, SGBV\n\nsurvivors or separated children?\n\n\n4 What are the main difficulties PoCs face when accessing mental health services? \u2013 meaningful access /\n\nchallenges\n\n\nCAUSE: What causes these difficulties? (Probe: Distance, waiting time, shortage of medicines, health\nworkers attitude, language barriers, cost, lack of privacy, gender preference of the health workers, poor\nquality of services, referral.)\n\n\nSOLUTION: What should be done to address these difficulties?\n\n\nCAPACITY: What can the community do to address these difficulties?\n\n\n5 How has the current situation of COVID-19 affected the MHPSS coping mechanisms that were\n\npreviously active? What do people see as their greatest source of support now?\n\n\n6 What can be done to prevent and or respond to Mental Health and Psychosocial problems/ needs of\n\nPOCs in Imvepi?\n\n\n7 Do you know how to file a complaint to UNHCR about misconduct of staff or UNHCR partners? Has\n\nanyone ever filed a complaint? Do you feel comfortable filing a complaint? If not, why not?\n\n\n8 Is there anything else you would like to tell us?\n\n\nMHPSS Survey\n\nTool.pdf\n\n**Contacts;**\n**Sokhna Thiandoume \u2502** Senior Protection Officer \u2502UNHCR SO Arua \u2502 thiandou@unhcr.org\n**Jael Chunge - Khama** \u2502Protection Officer \u2502 UNHCR SO Arua\u2502chunge@unhcr.org\n**Michael Abusa** \u2502 Assistant Information Management Officer \u2502 UNHCR SO Arua \u2502abusa@unhcr.org\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d97ef1e8-36bb-3736-9089-f8be376e2c4b/Report%20on%20Suicide%20Assessment%20conducted%20in%20Imvepi%20and%20Rhino%20Camp%2C%20July%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_614/raw/doc_614_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_614/raw/doc_614_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 507e21dd2e234ad40b8cf0b99565e0cabba747fd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_614/raw/doc_614_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Representaci\u00f3n de las** **mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** **en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** **y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa**\n\nDIAGN\u00d3STICO SITUACIONAL\n\n**Agosto, 2023**\n\n\nFinanciado por:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El estudio _**\u201cRepresentaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes en medios de**_\n_**comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa\u201d**_ es un producto realizado por ACNUR, la Agencia\nde la ONU para los Refugiados en Per\u00fa, y Amnist\u00eda Internacional Per\u00fa, gracias a fondos de la\nLoter\u00eda Sueca del C\u00f3digo Postal.\n\n\n**Fotograf\u00edas:** ACNUR, Amnist\u00eda Internacional.\n\n\n### **Representaci\u00f3n de las** **mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** **en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** **y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa**\n\nDIAGN\u00d3STICO SITUACIONAL\n\n**Agosto, 2023**\n\n\nFinanciado por:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 Fernanda Pineda/\nAmnist\u00eda Internacional\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "representaciones negativas.\n\n\nPara llevar a cabo esta investigaci\u00f3n,\nse analizaron las principales\nrepresentaciones que existen en la\npoblaci\u00f3n peruana sobre las mujeres\nrefugiadas y migrantes venezolanas a\ntrav\u00e9s de la Encuesta de Percepci\u00f3n\nsobre Migraci\u00f3n Venezolana en\nPer\u00fa, realizada a 1,109 personas por\nEquilibrium CenDe e IDEHPUCP en el\nmes de abril del a\u00f1o 2021. Asimismo,\nse realiz\u00f3 una revisi\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de\n81 mil publicaciones en Twitter (97%)\ny Facebook (3%) relacionadas con\nla tem\u00e1tica de mujeres refugiadas y\nmigrantes en Per\u00fa en los a\u00f1os 20212022, y se analizaron 961 noticias\nen prensa impresa, prensa digital\ny radio en las regiones de Piura,\nTumbes, Lambayeque, La Libertad y\nLima. Finalmente, se llevaron a cabo\nentrevistas con cuatro periodistas de\nRPP Piura (radio), El Piurano (prensa\nescrita), El Tiempo Piura (prensa\nescrita), y Radio Exitosa Tumbes (radio);\nas\u00ed como un grupo focal con mujeres\nvenezolanas.\n\n\nA continuaci\u00f3n, compartimos los\nprincipales hallazgos del an\u00e1lisis y las\nprincipales recomendaciones.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nParte de los hechos que motivan\nesta situaci\u00f3n son los prejuicios y\nestereotipos de la sociedad peruana\nhacia las mujeres refugiadas y\nmigrantes venezolanas. Estos sesgos\nson moldeados, en gran medida,\npor los mensajes de los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n y las opiniones vertidas\nen redes sociales. Los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n y las redes sociales\nconstituyen plataformas de difusi\u00f3n\nmasiva de narrativas y representaciones,\nque no solo posicionan determinados\ntemas de inter\u00e9s, sino que tambi\u00e9n\npueden influir en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica\nrespecto de dichos temas. En ese\nsentido, desempe\u00f1an un rol significativo\nen la erradicaci\u00f3n de patrones\nsocioculturales discriminatorios.\n\n\nPor ello, la Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de\nDerechos Humanos ha se\u00f1alado que\nlos Estados deben adoptar un rol activo\npara prevenir la discriminaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s\nde dichos canales, principalmente si\nen ellos se reproduce una situaci\u00f3n\ngeneralizada que amenaza el ejercicio\nefectivo de derechos, especialmente\nen el caso de grupos de personas en\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, como las\nmujeres venezolanas refugiadas y\nmigrantes en Per\u00fa.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **2.1**\n\nLas personas en situaci\u00f3n de movilidad enfrentan desaf\u00edos y barreras que amenazan\nsu posibilidad real de disfrutar de sus derechos humanos en igualdad de condiciones\nque las personas que son nacionales o residen en los Estados de tr\u00e1nsito o acogida.\nSi bien los motivos que dan pie a estas limitaciones son diversos, algunos de ellos\nresponden a la puesta en pr\u00e1ctica de pol\u00edticas migratorias restrictivas por parte de\nlos Estados, as\u00ed como a la difusi\u00f3n de discursos de desconfianza y hostilidad frente\na la inmigraci\u00f3n (CIUP, 2020). A nivel normativo, esta situaci\u00f3n ha recibido atenci\u00f3n\nmediante la adopci\u00f3n de marcos jur\u00eddicos espec\u00edficos para impulsar a los Estados\na implementar acciones concretas de respeto y garant\u00eda de derechos a favor de las\npersonas refugiadas y migrantes.\n\n\n**MARCO NORMATIVO INTERNACIONAL Y NACIONAL**\n\n\n\ninvestiguen tales afectaciones si estas\nse materializan, sancionen a quienes\nresulten responsables y dispongan\nmedidas de reparaci\u00f3n a favor de\nlas personas afectadas (Comisi\u00f3n\nInteramericana de Derechos Humanos,\n2015).\n\n\nSumado a estos deberes, sobre los\nEstados recae una obligaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica\nde impedir la discriminaci\u00f3n. Es decir,\nlos Estados se encuentran prohibidos\nde distinguir, excluir, restringir, preferir o\ndar un trato diferencial a las personas si\nestos actos se sustentan en categor\u00edas\nsospechosas de discriminaci\u00f3n como\nel origen, la nacionalidad, la condici\u00f3n\nsocial o econ\u00f3mica, el sexo/g\u00e9nero\nde los individuos; y, adem\u00e1s, como\nconsecuencia de dicho accionar se\nanula o perjudica el reconocimiento\nde derechos y libertades (Convenci\u00f3n\ninternacional sobre la eliminaci\u00f3n de\ntodas las formas de discriminaci\u00f3n\nracial, 1969, art\u00edculo 1).\n\n\nEsta obligaci\u00f3n le\u00edda en conjunto con\nlas anteriores exige que los Estados\ntambi\u00e9n eviten que tengan lugar actos\ndiscriminatorios como consecuencia\ndel quehacer de agentes particulares,\n\n\n\n\n\nReconocer hoy en d\u00eda que los Estados\ntienen obligaciones generales\ny espec\u00edficas para asegurar que\nlas personas puedan disfrutar\nde sus derechos humanos en\nigualdad de condiciones no genera\ncuestionamientos. El derecho\ninternacional de los derechos humanos\n(DIDH) ha evolucionado de manera\nconstante para cristalizar dichas\nobligaciones, y ha puesto \u00e9nfasis\nen la regulaci\u00f3n diferenciada de los\nderechos de personas que pertenecen\na grupos en necesidad de especial\nprotecci\u00f3n, como lo son los refugiados\ny migrantes, las mujeres, los ni\u00f1os,\nni\u00f1as y adolescentes, entre otros.\n\n\nAl amparo de tales obligaciones, los\nEstados no solo deben abstenerse\nde adelantar conductas que puedan\nresultar lesivas de los derechos\nhumanos, sino que tienen el mandato\nde adoptar un rol activo que los lleve\nal desarrollo de acciones de garant\u00eda.\nEsto \u00faltimo involucra, a su vez, que los\nEstados implementen medidas jur\u00eddicas,\npol\u00edticas, administrativas y culturales\npara prevenir riesgos de afectaciones\npor parte de agentes p\u00fablicos y de\nactores particulares, as\u00ed como que\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "y/o que adopten acciones correctivas en\nel hipot\u00e9tico caso de que esto suceda.\nPor ejemplo, para el supuesto espec\u00edfico\nde las personas refugiadas y migrantes,\nser\u00e1 obligaci\u00f3n del Estado abstenerse de\nnegarles el acceso a servicios de salud\ny educaci\u00f3n ampar\u00e1ndose en que tales\npersonas no son sus nacionales. En la misma\nl\u00ednea, lo ser\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n disponer medidas para\nprevenir que actores tales como los medios\nde comunicaci\u00f3n o los usuarios de las redes\nsociales difundan estereotipos, mensajes\ndiscriminatorios y/o discursos de odio que\ndificulten la integraci\u00f3n de las personas\nrefugiadas y migrantes y atenten contra su\ndignidad.\n\n\nA nivel interno, las obligaciones de respeto y\ngarant\u00eda, y el mandato de no discriminaci\u00f3n\nencuentran correlato en el art\u00edculo 14 de\nla Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica del Per\u00fa, cuando\nse\u00f1ala como un deber de los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n el colaborar con el Estado en\ntodo lo referente a educaci\u00f3n, moral y cultura.\nAsimismo, en la Ley 28278, Ley de Radio y\nTelevisi\u00f3n, se establece que la prestaci\u00f3n de\nlos servicios de radiodifusi\u00f3n debe regirse\npor principios como el respeto al honor y la\nbuena reputaci\u00f3n, la defensa de la persona\nhumana, de su dignidad, de los derechos\nhumanos fundamentales, el fomento de la\neducaci\u00f3n, etc. Incluso, el recientemente\naprobado Plan Nacional de Acci\u00f3n sobre\nEmpresas y Derechos Humanos contempla\ntambi\u00e9n acciones encaminadas a garantizar\nel derecho a la igualdad y no discriminaci\u00f3n\nde las personas migrantes. As\u00ed, se desprende\nla existencia de un deber de los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n de controlar sus contenidos,\nevitar difundir estereotipos y prevenir la\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n hacia este grupo.\n\n\nLos principales tratados internacionales\naplicables al contexto de la movilidad\nhumana han recogido de forma expresa la\nprohibici\u00f3n de discriminaci\u00f3n. La Convenci\u00f3n\nsobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951\n\n\n\n\n\nla incorpora en su art\u00edculo 3; mientras que la\nConvenci\u00f3n internacional sobre la protecci\u00f3n\nde los derechos de todos los trabajadores\nmigratorios y de sus familiares de las\nNaciones Unidas hace lo propio en su art\u00edculo\n1. Adem\u00e1s, en relaci\u00f3n con los derechos de\nlas mujeres refugiadas y migrantes, esta\nprohibici\u00f3n se encuentra reconocida en la\nConvenci\u00f3n sobre la eliminaci\u00f3n de todas\nlas formas de discriminaci\u00f3n contra la mujer\nde las Naciones Unidas, as\u00ed como en la\nConvenci\u00f3n interamericana para prevenir,\nsancionar y erradicar la violencia contra\nla mujer. La normativa interna peruana en\nmateria migratoria, reflejada principalmente\nen el Decreto Legislativo de Migraciones\ny su reglamento, consagra el principio de\nno discriminaci\u00f3n, e indica que el Estado\npromueve que se elimine todo tipo de\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y de prejuicios en materia\nmigratoria, y rechaza de modo especial la\nxenofobia y el racismo.\n\n\nEstos mandatos generales de protecci\u00f3n\nresultan aplicables tanto a las personas\nmigrantes como a aquellas que cumplen\ncon los requisitos para hacer que se les\nreconozca el estatuto de refugiado. En la\nprimera categor\u00eda estar\u00e1n incluidas aquellas\npersonas que han dejado su Estado de\norigen o de residencia habitual con el\nprop\u00f3sito de trasladarse a otro y establecerse\nen \u00e9l (Corte IDH, 2014). Por su parte, la\ndefinici\u00f3n de refugiado har\u00e1 referencia a\ntoda persona que se encuentre fuera de\nsu pa\u00eds de nacionalidad o de residencia\nhabitual por enfrentar un temor fundado\nde persecuci\u00f3n basada en raza, religi\u00f3n,\nnacionalidad, pertenencia a un grupo social,\nopini\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, o debido a una situaci\u00f3n de\nviolencia generalizada, de violaci\u00f3n masiva\nde derechos humanos, o de perturbaci\u00f3n\ndel orden p\u00fablico (Convenci\u00f3n Internacional\nsobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, 1951;\nDeclaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena, 1984).\n\n\nResulta tambi\u00e9n necesario que, en el\n\n\n\ntratamiento de estas obligaciones, los\nEstados tomen en cuenta las particularidades\nque se presentan respecto de las personas\nrefugiadas y migrantes en consideraci\u00f3n al\ng\u00e9nero y otros factores de vulnerabilidad que\npueden recaer sobre ellas, como lo son la\nedad, la raza, la condici\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica,\nla orientaci\u00f3n sexual, la identidad de g\u00e9nero,\nentre otros. Como se ha indicado en la\nparte introductoria de este documento, la\nmigraci\u00f3n afecta de manera diferenciada\ny desproporcionada a las mujeres y a las\nni\u00f1as, quienes enfrentan discriminaci\u00f3n,\nabuso y violencia desde que inician su\ndesplazamiento y cuando ya se encuentran\nen su Estado de acogida. De modo similar,\nla vulnerabilidad agravada que se genera\na partir de la intersecci\u00f3n de distintas\ncategor\u00edas de discriminaci\u00f3n en el contexto\nde la movilidad humana tambi\u00e9n ha sido\ndestacada por \u00f3rganos de protecci\u00f3n de\nderechos humanos al referirse, por ejemplo,\na la situaci\u00f3n de preocupaci\u00f3n en torno a las\nmujeres trans migrantes (CIDH, 2019). Todo\nlo anterior resalta la relevancia de que, al\ndise\u00f1ar y aplicar medidas de protecci\u00f3n y\ngarant\u00eda a su favor, los Estados apliquen los\nenfoques de g\u00e9nero y de interseccionalidad.\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en\n10 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa CAP\u00cdTULO 2. **Marco te\u00f3rico** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "informaci\u00f3n: lo cual no les da a las opiniones\nsu car\u00e1cter de informaci\u00f3n, sino que las\nconsidera opiniones expuestas e influidas\npor los flujos de las noticias. En el contexto\nde los grupos de referencia, en cambio,\nes f\u00e1cil encontrarse con \u00abopiniones sin\ninformaci\u00f3n\u00bb; lo que no significa que en esta\nopini\u00f3n la informaci\u00f3n est\u00e9 del todo ausente,\nsino que las opiniones est\u00e1n preconstituidas\nrespecto de las informaciones. Entonces, la\nopini\u00f3n sin informaci\u00f3n es una opini\u00f3n que\nse defiende contra la informaci\u00f3n y que\ntiende a subsistir a pesar de la evidencia\ncontraria.\n\n\nAs\u00ed, es posible considerar que los medios\nde comunicaci\u00f3n y las redes sociales,\nentendiendo a estas \u00faltimas como\nplataformas donde interactuar con grupos de\nidentificaci\u00f3n, son vertientes conformadoras\nde opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica. A continuaci\u00f3n, se\nespecificar\u00e1n las maneras en que esta\nrelaci\u00f3n se configura en ambos.\n\n\n###### **2.2** **Opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica: medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales**\n\nLa \u00abopini\u00f3n p\u00fablica\u00bb, expresi\u00f3n acu\u00f1ada por primera vez en 1871, se ha empleado para definir\ndiversos fen\u00f3menos (Boladeras, 2001); entre ellos, el conjunto de reflexiones privadas acerca\nde los asuntos p\u00fablicos y la discusi\u00f3n p\u00fablica de estos, que est\u00e1n influidas por el contexto\nhist\u00f3rico y sociocultural (Rubio, 2009).\n\n\n\nla cascada es descendente, estos niveles\nno son excluyentes, sino que se alimentan\nde forma rec\u00edproca a trav\u00e9s de canales de\ncomunicaciones m\u00faltiples; e incluso en\nel plano horizontal, dentro de los propios\nniveles, los procesos de influencia son\ncomplejos y diversos.\n\n\nUna contrapartida al modelo de cascada es\nel proceso de ebullici\u00f3n, donde los flujos\nde informaci\u00f3n \u00abgerminan\u00bb a nivel de masa\nespecialmente en temas que son de inter\u00e9s\ndirecto entre la gente. Por su parte, el tercer\nproceso implica la identificaci\u00f3n con grupos\ncomo la familia, coet\u00e1neos, trabajo, religi\u00f3n,\netc. Estos grupos son un punto de referencia\npara la formaci\u00f3n de la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica.\n\n\nDe esta forma, para Sartori, las opiniones\nprovienen de dos fuentes heterog\u00e9neas: los\nmensajes informativos y los de identificaci\u00f3n.\nEn el primer contexto nos encontramos\ncon las opiniones que interact\u00faan con la\n\n\n\n**A. INFLUENCIA DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACI\u00d3N** EN LA OPINI\u00d3N P\u00daBLICA\n\n\n\n\nde comunicaci\u00f3n y el inter\u00e9s que tiene\nel p\u00fablico en los temas posicionados. De\neste modo, los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n,\nal determinar temas de inter\u00e9s informativo,\nsu importancia y el espacio que se dedica a\ncada uno de ellos, generan un impacto en la\ncapacidad de opinar y debatir asuntos por\nparte del p\u00fablico (Rubio, 2014).\n\n\n\nSeg\u00fan Sartori, los procesos de formaci\u00f3n\nde opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica son tres: un descenso en\ncascada de las \u00e9lites; una ebullici\u00f3n desde\nla base hacia arriba; y la identificaci\u00f3n con\nlos grupos de referencia (1993, p. 60). El\nprimer proceso, para el cual Sartori acoge\nel modelo en cascada de Karl Deutsch,\nest\u00e1 integrado, a su vez, por cinco niveles:\nen el primero circulan las ideas de las \u00e9lites\n\n\n\necon\u00f3micas y sociales; en el segundo, las de\nlas \u00e9lites pol\u00edticas y de gobierno; el tercero\nest\u00e1 constituido por la comunicaci\u00f3n de\nmasas, y quienes transmiten y difunden los\nmensajes; el cuarto est\u00e1 dado por l\u00edderes de\nopini\u00f3n locales; y el quinto est\u00e1 integrado\npor el _demos_, \u00abel embalse del p\u00fablico, de la\nmasa\u00bb (1993, p. 60). Es importante tener en\ncuenta que, aunque el funcionamiento de\n\n\n\n\nTradicionalmente, se ha estudiado el\nimpacto de los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n\nsobre la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica a trav\u00e9s de diversas\nteor\u00edas. Entre ellas, resalta la teor\u00eda del\n_agenda-setting_, desarrollada en 1972 por\nlos investigadores Maxwell McCombs\ny Gordon Shaw. Dicha teor\u00eda postula\nuna correspondencia entre los temas\npresentes en las agendas de los medios\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en\n12 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa CAP\u00cdTULO 2. **Marco te\u00f3rico** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Por su parte, destaca tambi\u00e9n la teor\u00eda del\n_framing_ . El concepto de _frame_ se desarroll\u00f3\nen el campo de la sociolog\u00eda y la psicolog\u00eda\nconstructivista desde 1950; sin embargo,\nempez\u00f3 a aplicarse sobre los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n a partir del trabajo de Gaye\nTuchman. De este modo, el _frame_ es un\n\u00e1ngulo utilizado desde los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n para representar una realidad\ncompleja, que tiene un efecto en c\u00f3mo la\naudiencia percibe la noticia (IDEHPUCP,\n2021). Este puede estar configurado a partir\nde diversos elementos de la pieza noticiosa,\ncomo el t\u00edtulo, subt\u00edtulo, selecci\u00f3n de\nlenguaje y fuentes, fotos, gr\u00e1ficos, ubicaci\u00f3n\nen la p\u00e1gina, sonificaci\u00f3n, entre otros.\n\n\nEn este marco, la persona que produce la\nnoticia y la propia l\u00ednea editorial del medio\nen el que se difunde contribuyen a la\nselecci\u00f3n, omisi\u00f3n y resaltado de ciertos\n\u00e1ngulos de la realidad. De este modo,\nconsolidan un determinado punto de vista,\nuna perspectiva o un \u00e1ngulo concreto\n\n\n\nsobre una informaci\u00f3n (Mu\u00f1iz et al., 2009).\nLejos de la aparente neutralidad u objetividad,\n\u00ablos acontecimientos period\u00edsticos, en\nconsecuencia, necesariamente llevan\nun punto de vista, y as\u00ed ocurre con su\ndescripci\u00f3n en un discurso informativo\u00bb (Van\nDijk, 1990, p. 67).\n\n\nLos _frames_ - encuadres, adem\u00e1s, pueden\nvariar en funci\u00f3n de diversos contextos\ny hechos: por ejemplo, diversos estudios\nreportaron una variaci\u00f3n entre los _frames_\nempleados para cubrir temas migratorios\nen Estados Unidos a partir del 11-S. De\neste modo, de forma previa, los encuadres\ngiraban en torno a los beneficios que\nrepresentaba la migraci\u00f3n; mientras que\nposteriormente estaban relacionados con\nv\u00ednculos y conexiones entre migraci\u00f3n y\nterrorismo (Mu\u00f1iz, 2011). As\u00ed, contribuyen a la\nconfiguraci\u00f3n de representaciones respecto\na determinados temas y, evidentemente,\na los sujetos protagonistas de las noticias,\nenmarcados en determinados encuadres.\n\n\n\n**B. INFLUENCIA DE LAS REDES SOCIALES** EN LA OPINI\u00d3N P\u00daBLICA\n\n\n\nA ra\u00edz del auge del Internet, la configuraci\u00f3n\nde la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica ha variado en tanto\nse dispone de un nuevo entorno de\ndiscusi\u00f3n: el digital (Rubio, 2014), y los\nactores que tradicionalmente delimitaron\nla agenda p\u00fablica \u2014como los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n o las autoridades pol\u00edticas\u2014\nse ven complementados por nuevas\nfuentes como las redes sociales. De hecho,\nlas redes sociales han sido denominadas\n\u00abautocomunicaci\u00f3n de masas\u00bb por Cand\u00f3n\nMena, profesor de la Universidad de Sevilla,\npara describir c\u00f3mo caracter\u00edsticas como\nla horizontalidad y la interactividad pueden\nconstituir un \u00abreflejo m\u00e1s fidedigno de la\nverdadera opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica, en contraste\ncon la opini\u00f3n publicada en los medios\ntradicionales\u00bb (2012, p.220).\n\n\nEsto se explica en la medida en que la\naparici\u00f3n del Internet y, en concreto,\nde las redes sociales, ha supuesto una\ntransformaci\u00f3n para la producci\u00f3n de\nnoticias. Tradicionalmente, la cadena de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n part\u00eda de una fuente \u2014\nconocedora o protagonista de un hecho\nde relevancia noticiosa\u2014 que se dirig\u00eda a\nun/a periodista; luego, dicho/a periodista\nrecib\u00eda la informaci\u00f3n y la procesaba\n\n\n\nantes de dirigirla al p\u00fablico en un formato\ndeterminado. Sin embargo, a partir de la\nconsolidaci\u00f3n de nuevas plataformas, las\nfuentes no necesitan un intermediario para\ntransmitir la informaci\u00f3n al p\u00fablico, sino\nque pueden comunicarla de forma directa\n(Rubio, 2014).\n\n\nAun as\u00ed, seg\u00fan diversas investigaciones, la\npotencialidad de las redes como canales\ndirectos de la comunicaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda verse\nreducida en el abordaje de temas m\u00e1s\ncomplejos, como aquellos de car\u00e1cter\npol\u00edtico, econ\u00f3mico o internacional (Rubio,\n2014). Asimismo, tampoco se debe caer en\nel error de equiparar a las redes sociales\ncon la propia opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica. Sin embargo,\ntomando en cuenta los procesos propuestos\npor Sartori para explicar la conformaci\u00f3n\nde la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica, en el caso de temas\nque son de inter\u00e9s directo por parte de la\npoblaci\u00f3n, es probable que surja un proceso\nde ebullici\u00f3n y que las redes empiecen a\nposicionar ciertas tem\u00e1ticas en el espacio\np\u00fablico; a la par de que se configuren como\ngrupos de identificaci\u00f3n que contribuyen a\nconsolidar determinadas representaciones a\npartir de preconcepciones.\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en\n14 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa CAP\u00cdTULO 2. **Marco te\u00f3rico** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A partir de una encuesta aplicada a 1,109 personas en abril de 2021 (Equilibrium\nCenDe e IDEHPUCP, 2021) es posible concluir que 6 de cada 10 peruanos/as\nconsideran que las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas son coquetas\n(63% de las personas entrevistadas) y que consiguen trabajo por su apariencia\n(62%); mientras que 5 de cada 10 consideran que las mujeres venezolanas son\natractivas (56%), amigables (56%), oportunistas (52%) y seguras de s\u00ed mismas (49%).\nAdem\u00e1s, el 34% considera que son mujeres promiscuas. Esta valoraci\u00f3n se da con\nindependencia del g\u00e9nero, edad o nivel educativo de las personas encuestadas.\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 1. **Representaciones de la sociedad peruana sobre las mujeres**\n**refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas**\n\n\n|63%
62%
56%
56%
52%
49%
34%|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n\n\n\nCAP\u00cdTULO 3. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n17\n**refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en la sociedad peruana**\n\n\n\nCoquetas\n\n\nConsiguen trabajo por\napariencia\n\n\nAtractivas\n\n\nAmigables\n\n\nOportunistas\n\n\nSeguras de s\u00ed mismas\n\n\nPromiscuas\n\n\n\n\n\nLos resultados de la encuesta\nsugieren que no hay evidencia que\nrespalde la existencia de diferencias\nen las percepciones previamente\nidentificadas, basadas en el sexo,\nedad, nivel educativo, experiencia\nde haber vivido fuera del pa\u00eds o tener\nfamiliares que residan en el extranjero.\nSin embargo, se encontr\u00f3 que ciertos\nfactores influyen en c\u00f3mo las personas\nconsideran estas representaciones.\nEn particular, aquellas personas que\nviven en barrios donde tambi\u00e9n residen\npersonas venezolanas o que consumen\nmedios de comunicaci\u00f3n con frecuencia\ntienden a adherirse con mayor\nprobabilidad a estas representaciones\nnegativas sobre las mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes venezolanas.\n\n\n\nPor ejemplo, se observ\u00f3 que el 74%\nde aquellos que consumen medios\nde comunicaci\u00f3n todos los d\u00edas\nconsideran cierta la afirmaci\u00f3n de que\nlas mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas consiguen trabajo por\nsu apariencia, en comparaci\u00f3n con el\n64% de aquellos que los consumen\ntres veces por semana y el 58% de\naquellos que lo hacen una vez por\nsemana. Estos porcentajes contrastan\nsignificativamente con la valoraci\u00f3n de\naquellos que se exponen a los medios\nuna vez al mes (49%) o nunca (50%).\n\n\nUn ejemplo a\u00fan m\u00e1s marcado es el\nrelacionado con la representaci\u00f3n\nde este grupo de mujeres como\npromiscuas. El 56% de aquellos que\nest\u00e1n expuestos a los medios de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "comunicaci\u00f3n todos los d\u00edas considera\ncierta esta afirmaci\u00f3n. En cambio, en el caso\nde aquellos que lo hacen una vez al mes, el\nporcentaje es del 21%, y del 14% para aquellos\nque nunca se exponen a los medios.\n\n\nEn resumen, se destaca que los medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n y el entorno social pueden\nimpactar significativamente en la percepci\u00f3n\n\n\n\nde las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas, influyendo en la adhesi\u00f3n a\nestereotipos y representaciones negativas.\nEstos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de\npromover una informaci\u00f3n equilibrada y libre\nde prejuicios, as\u00ed como de fomentar una mayor\ncomprensi\u00f3n y empat\u00eda hacia este grupo de\nmujeres para combatir la propagaci\u00f3n de\nestereotipos discriminatorios.\n\n\n\nrelacionadas con la migraci\u00f3n venezolana,\ntiene mayores probabilidades de adherirse\n\n\n\n\n\na representaciones negativas sobre las\nmujeres en condici\u00f3n de movilidad humana.\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 2. **Representaciones sobre las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas**\n**seg\u00fan la frecuencia de consumo de medios de comunicaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\nPor otro lado, y aunque se podr\u00eda pensar lo\ncontrario, el 64% de encuestados que viven\ncon personas venezolanas en el barrio han\nconsiderado que las mujeres refugiadas y\nmigrantes venezolanas consiguen trabajo\npor su apariencia, en comparaci\u00f3n con el\n60% de las personas encuestadas que no\nviven en dichos barrios. La misma tendencia\npuede observarse en relaci\u00f3n con la\nrepresentaci\u00f3n de que estas mujeres son\n\n\n\nseguras de s\u00ed mismas (56% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 43%), promiscuas (39% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 28%), oportunistas (55% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 48%), coquetas (37% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 56%), atractivas (69% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 53%) y amigables (61% en comparaci\u00f3n\ncon 56%). Estas cifras plantean el enorme\nreto de reforzar el enfoque de g\u00e9nero en\nlos procesos de integraci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n\nvenezolana que se han venido realizando.\n\n\n\nTodos los\nd\u00edas\n\nUna vez a\nla semana\n\n\nNunca\n\n\n|74%
58%
50%
49%
53%
46%
58%
26%
14%
73%
46%
36%
75%
60%
57%
60%
56%
43%
58%
57%
39%|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n\n\n\n\n\nTrabajo por apariencia\n\n\nSeguras de s\u00ed mismas\n\n\nPromiscuas\n\n\nOportunistas\n\n\nCoquetas\n\n\nAtractivas\n\n\nAmigables\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 3. **Representaciones sobre las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas**\n**seg\u00fan la convivencia barrial con personas venezolanas**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo viven\nen barrios\n\nS\u00ed viven en\nbarrios\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEstas cifras evidencian el rol que juegan los\nmedios de comunicaci\u00f3n y la exposici\u00f3n a\nnoticias en la valoraci\u00f3n que se tiene sobre\nlas mujeres refugiadas y migrantes. Si la\n\n\n\npersona encuestada vive con personas\nvenezolanas en el barrio o tiene un\nalto nivel de exposici\u00f3n a medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n que abordan tem\u00e1ticas\n\n\n\nTrabajo por apariencia\n\n\nSeguras de s\u00ed mismas\n\n\nPromiscuas\n\n\nOportunistas\n\n\nCoquetas\n\n\nAtractivas\n\n\nAmigables\n\n\n\n\n|64%
60%
56%
43%
39%
28%
55%
48%
67%
58%
59%
53%
61%
50%|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|||||\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 3. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n18 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en la sociedad peruana** 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A partir de una revisi\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 81 mil publicaciones en Twitter (97%) y Facebook\n(3%), durante el periodo 2021-2022, relacionadas con la tem\u00e1tica de mujeres\nrefugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en Per\u00fa, se identificaron asociaciones de\nt\u00e9rminos que se repiten con frecuencia y que reflejan representaciones de esta\npoblaci\u00f3n. Estas representaciones son las siguientes:\n\n\n\nSi bien esta es una\nrepresentaci\u00f3n positiva,\nse trata de publicaciones\nreferidas a dos mujeres\nvenezolanas importantes\nen la historia de\nVenezuela. La frecuencia\nde estas menciones es\nreducida y se limita a\nfechas conmemorativas.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSe trata de una\nrepresentaci\u00f3n negativa\nde las mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes venezolanas\ncomo traicioneras. Esta\nrepresentaci\u00f3n aparece\ncon frecuencia en redes\nsociales.\n\n\n\nSe trata de una\nrepresentaci\u00f3n negativa\nvinculada a la\nhipersexualizaci\u00f3n de\nlas mujeres refugiadas y\nmigrantes venezolanas.\nEsta representaci\u00f3n\ntambi\u00e9n es frecuente en\nredes sociales.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A todas las publicaciones en redes sociales que se seleccionaron al azar, se les aplic\u00f3 un\nan\u00e1lisis de contenido, que permiti\u00f3 concluir que las representaciones m\u00e1s recurrentes son:\n\n\nLas mujeres venezolanas son **\u201croba maridos\u201d.**\n\nLas mujeres venezolanas son **criminales.**\n\nLas mujeres venezolanas son **profesionales o cuentan con una ocupaci\u00f3n laboral.**\n\nLas mujeres venezolanas son **emprendedoras o tienen cualidades positivas.**\n\n\n\nFuente: [Twitter](https://twitter.com/SoyTuPadrastro/status/1310766408876384256)\n\n\nEl tweet original fue publicado el 28\nde septiembre de 2020, por el usuario\nDamian, que se describe como un\ncoleccionista de arte. El mismo d\u00eda, el\nusuario La sensaci\u00f3n del bloque cit\u00f3\nel tweet original dando origen a la\ninformaci\u00f3n analizada. El usuario se\ndescribe como una cuenta dedicada al\nentretenimiento. La publicaci\u00f3n original\nfue retwitteada 179 veces. Adem\u00e1s, fue\ncitada 1247 veces, recibi\u00f3 931 me gusta\ny 20 bookmarks. La publicaci\u00f3n que cita\nel tweet original fue retwitteada 1 vez y\nrecibi\u00f3 2 me gusta.\n\n\nEl tweet original, aunque no menciona\nel calificativo \u201croba maridos\u201d, detalla\nuna situaci\u00f3n en la que una mujer\nvenezolana estuvo involucrada en el\nrompimiento de un matrimonio. Si bien\nla acci\u00f3n recae en el hombre, que \u201cdej\u00f3\ntodo\u201d, se refuerza la culpabilidad de la\nmujer al se\u00f1alar, finalmente, que \u201cese\npa\u00eds horrible\u201d -Venezuela- \u201csolo env\u00eda\nproblemas\u201d \u2013 poblaci\u00f3n venezolana.\nA esto se a\u00f1ade la burla del segundo\nusuario, y el uso del t\u00e9rmino \u201cvenecas\u201d\npara referirse a las mujeres venezolanas.\n\n\nComentarios al post:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en **CAP\u00cdTULO** 43 **.** **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n22 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en redes sociales** **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de noticias sobre esta tem\u00e1tica: 4.8%\nen prensa impresa y 5.83% en prensa\ndigital. Esto puede explicarse debido a\nque, por el tiempo transcurrido desde el\nprimer ingreso de poblaci\u00f3n venezolana\nal pa\u00eds, este fen\u00f3meno podr\u00eda haber\nperdido relevancia en t\u00e9rminos de\nespectacularidad de la noticia.\n\n\nSin embargo, aunque la tem\u00e1tica\nde mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nest\u00e1 presente en la agenda de los\nmedios de comunicaci\u00f3n, en ning\u00fan\ncaso representa m\u00e1s del 25% de los\ncontenidos totales que abordan el\ntema migratorio y de refugio respecto\ndel propio medio; y representa solo\nel 16% de las noticias identificadas a\nnivel global. Esta subrepresentaci\u00f3n\nresponde a una tendencia regional\nen relaci\u00f3n a la participaci\u00f3n de las\nmujeres como sujetos de la noticia\n(WACC, 2020) y debe ser abordada por\nlos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n## **05**\n\n\n### **Las representaciones** **sobre las mujeres** **refugiadas y migrantes** venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n\n\n\n\nPara conocer las representaciones\nsobre las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas en Per\u00fa en medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n, durante 2021 y 2022\nse identificaron 961 noticias sobre la\ntem\u00e1tica de personas refugiadas y\nmigrantes en prensa impresa y prensa\ndigital en las regiones de Piura, Tumbes,\nLambayeque, La Libertad y Lima; y en\nprensa radial en Piura y Tumbes. Luego,\nrespecto de ellas, se seleccionaron\naquellas referidas a mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes venezolanas. Esta segunda\nselecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 conformada por 156\nnoticias.\n\n\nA partir de este trabajo, se evidencia\nque la prensa digital concentra el mayor\nporcentaje de noticias relacionadas\ncon mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas en ambos a\u00f1os. Si se hace\nun an\u00e1lisis comparativo entre a\u00f1os, se\nobserva que en 2022 hubo un descenso\ncon respecto al 2021 en el porcentaje\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 6. **Representaciones sobre las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes**\n**venezolanas por a\u00f1o en prensa**\n\n\n25\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n\n|Col1|23.48% 2021|\n|---|---|\n||2022
**18.81%**
**17.65%**|\n||**14.01%**
|\n||**10%**
**10.34%**|\n|||\n\n\n\nPrensa Impresa Prensa Digital Radio\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Si se desagrega esta informaci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n al lugar donde se emiti\u00f3 la noticia, el departamento\nde La Libertad es el que cuenta con un mayor porcentaje de noticias recopiladas sobre este\ntema (25%), seguido de Lambayeque y Tumbes con un 18%.\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 8. **Representaciones de mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas**\n**en prensa escrita, seg\u00fan peri\u00f3dico**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTumbes\n\n\nPiura\n\n\nAlcance nacional\n\n\n|20%
Hechicera
16%
La Hora
20%
El Tiempo
11%
Trome
22%
La Rep\u00fablica
7%|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\n\nDentro de los medios de prensa impresa que m\u00e1s difunden estas noticias, se ubica en primer\nlugar el diario \u201cTrome\u201d, de alcance nacional, con el 22% de las noticias recopiladas, seguido de\n\u201cLa Hora\u201d, de Piura, y \u201cTumbes 21\u201d, de Tumbes, ambos con el 20% de las noticias recopiladas.\nEn cuanto a la prensa digital, el medio con el mayor n\u00famero de noticias sobre esta tem\u00e1tica\nfue \u201clarepublica.pe\u201d con el 28% de las noticias recopiladas, seguido por \u201clahora.pe\u201d y\n\u201ctrome.pe\u201d con el 23%.\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 9. **Representaciones de mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas**\n**en prensa digital, seg\u00fan sitio web**\n\n\nlahora.pe\n\n\n|23%
eltiempo.pe
11%
trome.pe
23%
larepublica.p
28%|e|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 5. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n26 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sin embargo, no solo la tem\u00e1tica de las noticias donde aparecen retratadas las mujeres\nrefugiadas y migrantes venezolanas resulta negativa. Las categor\u00edas de representaci\u00f3n y\ncaracter\u00edsticas que suelen atribuirse a las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en\ndichas noticias tambi\u00e9n lo son. De esta manera, al analizar de manera m\u00e1s detallada las\nnoticias, es posible identificar dos representaciones principales de estas mujeres:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTabla 1. **Temas abordados en noticias sobre mujeres refugiadas y migrantes**\n**venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\nLuego de ello, algunas noticias representan\na las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas como mujeres emprendedoras\no, en todo caso, de forma neutra. Sin\nembargo, estas noticias solo representan 6\ndel total de 156.\n\n\nEntonces, de manera mayoritaria, las\nmujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas\naparecen representadas en los medios\nde comunicaci\u00f3n de forma negativa o\nenmarcadas en un contexto de violencia.\nEn 77 de estas noticias, adem\u00e1s, las mujeres\nrepresentadas tienen un rol central asociado\na estos contextos negativos.\n\n\nEstas representaciones podr\u00edan explicarse\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*De las otras seis noticias, tres est\u00e1n referidas a emprendedoras y tres referidas a no infractoras.\n\n\n\npor las din\u00e1micas propias de los procesos\neditoriales que cuentan, entre sus principales\nfuentes de informaci\u00f3n, con boletines\npoliciales que dan cuenta de incidencias\ny hechos delictivos y que alimentan la\nsecci\u00f3n llamada \u201ccr\u00f3nica roja\u201d de un medio\nde prensa. Para los periodistas de medios\nde comunicaci\u00f3n del norte entrevistados,\nabordar las noticias de mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes venezolanas desde un enfoque\npolicial resulta natural y se\u00f1alaron que,\ndebido al poco tiempo con el que se cuenta\npara gestionar una noticia y publicarla, no\norganizan la cobertura en funci\u00f3n de criterios\npropios, sino de la agenda que colocan otros\nmedios o las redes sociales.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 5. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n28 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** 29\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Por** **eso,** **presentamos**\n**todav\u00eda esa imagen de v\u00edctima,**\n**que reconozco que no es la m\u00e1s**\n**decorosa ni deseada. Nadie quiere**\n# **\u201c**\n**ser v\u00edctima, todos queremos ser**\n**protagonistas de un destino que**\n**se est\u00e1 construyendo para bien.**\n**Pero mientras esas condiciones**\n**no se den, yo creo que, hemos**\n**cre\u00eddo en el diario, conveniente**\n**que sigamos mostrando esta**\n**imagen porque es una forma de**\n**denuncia tambi\u00e9n, es una forma**\n**de denunciar las cosas\u201d.**\n\n(Entrevista El Tiempo,\n27 de febrero de 2023)\n\n\n\nAsimismo, se\u00f1alaron que recurren\nprincipalmente a entidades p\u00fablicas como\nfuentes noticiosas, como la Polic\u00eda o los\ngobiernos regionales. Esto permite, por un\nlado, acceder a la informaci\u00f3n de manera\nr\u00e1pida; y por otro, legitimar la informaci\u00f3n\noficial sobre las personas refugiadas y\nmigrantes.\n\n\nAs\u00ed, como se\u00f1al\u00f3 IDEHPUCP en un estudio de\n2021, la sobrerrepresentaci\u00f3n de la persona\nrefugiada o migrante como delincuente\nno est\u00e1 basada en estad\u00edsticas o criterios\nobjetivos, sino en el impacto sensacionalista\nque los cr\u00edmenes cometidos por poblaci\u00f3n\nextranjera han causado en el imaginario\nde las personas (Willer et al., 2021). Esto\nevidencia la necesidad de fortalecer vocer\u00edas\nen la propia poblaci\u00f3n venezolana, y en las\nmujeres en particular, para que sean ellas\n\n\n\nmismas quienes se apropien del discurso y\npuedan brindar informaci\u00f3n que cuestione\nlas representaciones que se hacen de ellas.\n\n\nSin embargo, no se puede pasar por alto que\nesta forma de abordar las noticias genera\nproblemas. En primer lugar, ya sea que se\npresente a estas mujeres como v\u00edctimas o\ninfractoras, su condici\u00f3n de ciudadanas no\nse visibiliza. En el caso de la representaci\u00f3n\ncomo v\u00edctimas, los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n\nentrevistados mencionaron que la narrativa\nde \u201cv\u00edctima\u201d se debe principalmente a su\ncondici\u00f3n de personas que huyen de su pa\u00eds\nde origen y a los riesgos que enfrentan por\nsu g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nDe igual manera, se se\u00f1al\u00f3 que la mirada\ncomo v\u00edctimas est\u00e1 vinculada al hecho de\nque son captadas y obligadas a prostituirse.\n\n\n\nSolo 13 de las noticias identificadas\nabordaban temas menos negativos, como\naspectos vinculados a la salud de las\nmujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas,\ncuestiones referidas al acceso a derechos\npara estas mujeres o situaciones donde se\nresaltaba el contexto de vulnerabilidad en el\nque viven.\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 5. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n30 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** 31\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sin embargo, debe tenerse presente que\ndichas representaciones no solo contribuyen\na la configuraci\u00f3n de una identidad\nvulnerable o de una persona sin agencia,\nsino que, adem\u00e1s, vinculan a las mujeres\ncon su cuerpo y g\u00e9nero. Se presentan a\nlas mujeres como v\u00edctimas principalmente\npor el uso o aprovechamiento sexual de su\ncuerpo (en el caso de explotaci\u00f3n sexual,\ntrata de personas, violencia sexual) o por no\najustar su comportamiento a estereotipos\ny roles esperados en el sistema de g\u00e9nero\nsocialmente vigente (en el caso de la\nviolencia de g\u00e9nero).\n\n\nPor otra parte, en el caso espec\u00edfico de las\nrepresentaciones como infractoras, en varias\nnoticias se usan im\u00e1genes donde se retrata\na estas mujeres esposadas, en comisar\u00edas\n\n- resguardadas por autoridades policiales\n\n- Serenazgo. Esto genera un doble efecto,\nya advertido anteriormente por el Instituto\nde Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la\nPontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa en\nsu estudio de 2021: por un lado, posiciona\nde manera positiva el trabajo de la Polic\u00eda y\notras autoridades involucradas en la lucha\ncontra la delincuencia; y por otro, vincula a\nlas mujeres refugiadas y migrantes con la\ncriminalidad (Willer et al., 2021).\n\n\nEste enfoque contribuye, de manera\ngeneral, a una \u201csobredimensificaci\u00f3n\u201d de\nla inseguridad ciudadana; y de manera\nespec\u00edfica, a una mayor percepci\u00f3n de la\npresencia de \u201cdelincuencia extranjera\u201d en\nel pa\u00eds, que no se condice con la realidad\nde nuestro pa\u00eds. Seg\u00fan el Instituto Nacional\nde Estad\u00edstica e Informaci\u00f3n (INEI), entre\n2016 y 2020 el porcentaje de personas que\nafirman ser v\u00edctimas de un delito en Per\u00fa\nno aument\u00f3; y solo un 0.5% del total de\ndenuncias por hechos delictivos presentadas\nentre 2016 y el primer trimestre de 2019\ncorresponde a personas venezolanas. Del\nmismo modo, de acuerdo con el Instituto\nNacional Penitenciario (INPE), solo el 4%\n\n\n\n\n\nde la poblaci\u00f3n penitenciaria es de origen\nextranjero, y de este grupo, las mujeres\nextranjeras constituyen apenas el 7.2%. Solo\n98 mujeres de nacionalidad venezolana\nse encuentran en un establecimiento\npenitenciario, y de ellas, solo 15 han recibido\nuna condena.\n\n\nOtras de las representaciones como\ninfractoras tambi\u00e9n presentan a estas\nmujeres en relaci\u00f3n con el trabajo sexual. Si\nbien cuando se asume que la prostituci\u00f3n\nderiva de una red de trata de personas,\nel abordaje es como v\u00edctima. Cuando la\nnoticia no se contextualiza en dichas redes\nde delincuencia, el abordaje es m\u00e1s bien\ncontrario, es decir, se las retrata como\ninfractoras. Este tratamiento de las noticias\ndeja en claro un alto contenido de reproche\nsocial, a partir del uso de t\u00e9rminos como\n\u201cmeretricio\u201d, \u201cclandestina\u201d y \u201ccomisar\u00eda\u201d.\nIncluso, en algunas noticias se califica a\nla prostituci\u00f3n como un delito, aunque\nno lo sea. Como ya ha se\u00f1alado Amnist\u00eda\nInternacional (Amnist\u00eda Internacional, 2022),\ncualquier forma de restricci\u00f3n o sanci\u00f3n\nhacia el ejercicio del trabajo sexual genera\nun impacto diferenciado en mujeres, pues\nrefuerza el estigma y las expone a mayores\nriesgos. As\u00ed, este tipo de enfoque por parte\nde los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n genera\nviolencia simb\u00f3lica contra las mujeres\nrefugiadas y migrantes venezolanas, ya\nque promueve una imagen distorsionada\nde aquellas que ejercen trabajo sexual,\nlo que impacta en su identificaci\u00f3n como\nciudadanas.\n\n\nPor un lado, se las presenta como personas\nque han infringido la ley o que han realizado\nactos contra la moral, y que deben ser\nsancionadas y expulsadas del territorio\nperuano. Por otro lado, se las retrata como\nv\u00edctimas sin un proyecto propio.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Adem\u00e1s, esta visibilidad y sobredimensionamiento de la trabajadora sexual extranjera\ncontrasta con la ya mencionada invisibilidad general que tienen las noticias sobre mujeres\nrefugiadas y migrantes en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn las entrevistas con medios de prensa se observ\u00f3 una falta de cuestionamiento por\nparte del equipo period\u00edstico acerca de estas representaciones de las mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes venezolanas como infractoras. Incluso, se mencionaron casos de desalojos de\npoblaci\u00f3n venezolana ubicada en parques y otros espacios p\u00fablicos. A pesar de que se\npuede identificar que es una situaci\u00f3n que va a impactar negativamente al grupo, se legitima\ndesde la narrativa de que se ha cometido una infracci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n**En el caso de Piura, hace poco ocurri\u00f3 un caso particular. El nuevo**\n**alcalde, que inici\u00f3 hace dos meses, anunci\u00f3 que iba a desalojar de un parque**\n**p\u00fablico a un grupo de venezolanos que dorm\u00edan all\u00ed. Eran venezolanos**\n**hombres, mujeres, adultos, ni\u00f1os que, evidentemente, no ten\u00edan otro lugar**\n# **\u201c**\n**donde pasar la noche y usualmente usaban los jardines, la sombra de**\n**los \u00e1rboles para dormir all\u00ed y el alcalde anunci\u00f3 que los iba a desalojar y**\n**recuerdo, incluso, que la municipalidad emiti\u00f3 una nota de prensa donde**\n**justificaban esta decisi\u00f3n, daban sus razones. Lo que yo percib\u00ed es que los**\n**medios, en ese caso, digamos, no ten\u00edan una mirada cr\u00edtica hacia, por lo**\n**menos los regionales, prensa, radio, televisi\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n, medios digitales,**\n**no ten\u00edan una mirada cr\u00edtica de cuestionar por qu\u00e9 esta decisi\u00f3n estaba mal,**\n**por lo menos desde el punto de vista de los derechos humanos. La gesti\u00f3n**\n**anterior, tambi\u00e9n, por supuesto, tuvo decisiones similares. Y esto coincid\u00eda**\n**con, de alguna manera, el pensamiento, la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica regional de**\n**todav\u00eda, cierto rechazo hacia la migraci\u00f3n venezolana, sobre todo, cuando**\n**se trata de ocupar espacios p\u00fablicos\u201d.**\n\n(Entrevista El Piurano, 28 de febrero de 2023)\n\n\n\nA partir de la informaci\u00f3n presentada,\nentonces, se puede concluir que las\nasociaciones presentes a nivel discursivo\nen relaci\u00f3n con mujeres refugiadas\ny migrantes est\u00e1n construidas en un\nsentido primordialmente vinculado al\nresquebrajamiento de la ley o normas\nsociales. Esto consolida en el imaginario\nsocial un nexo entre la movilidad humana y las\nmujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas,\ncon una consecuente valoraci\u00f3n negativa.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n es importante se\u00f1alar que, a partir\nde las entrevistas a equipos period\u00edsticos\n\n\n\nde medios de comunicaci\u00f3n del norte del\npa\u00eds, se identific\u00f3 que algunos de ellos han\nparticipado en talleres para implementar\nla comunicaci\u00f3n de estas noticias desde\nun enfoque de derechos humanos. Sin\nembargo, esta formaci\u00f3n no es sistem\u00e1tica y\ntampoco ha habido un seguimiento constante\npara mantener los lazos construidos con\nlos periodistas. Con el paso del tiempo, el\ntema ha perdido prioridad en la cobertura\nperiod\u00edstica y est\u00e1 siendo dejado de lado\ncada vez m\u00e1s. Adem\u00e1s, muchas veces\nse confunde el correcto abordaje con el\n\u201cactivismo\u201d.\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 5. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n34 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en medios de comunicaci\u00f3n** 35\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sin embargo, **la cobertura period\u00edstica sobre temas de movilidad humana**\n**est\u00e1 ligada, principalmente, a la criminalizaci\u00f3n, representando a la poblaci\u00f3n**\n**refugiada y migrante como responsable de cr\u00edmenes como el robo, el tr\u00e1fico**\n**il\u00edcito de drogas o la trata de personas.** Cabe precisar que, aunque un porcentaje\nimportante de noticias estudiadas no se refiere de manera espec\u00edfica a la situaci\u00f3n\nde las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes, sino a la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada en su conjunto,\nel rol de las mujeres en los casos estudiados es relevante para comprender el\nsentido de la informaci\u00f3n que se difunde. Se las presenta principalmente en un\nrol central como v\u00edctimas de trata de personas, violencia de g\u00e9nero o asaltos; o\ncomo infractoras de normas administrativas migratorias, trabajadoras dedicadas a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **7.1** **\u00bfQu\u00e9 debe hacer el Estado Peruano?**\n\nDise\u00f1ar e **implementar campa\u00f1as de sensibilizaci\u00f3n** dirigidas\na los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y a la sociedad en general, **con el**\n**objetivo de promover que el uso de redes sociales y canales de**\n**prensa se realice con un enfoque de derechos humanos de las**\n**personas refugiadas y migrantes.** Es necesario que estas campa\u00f1as\nse dise\u00f1en y ejecuten incorporando un enfoque de g\u00e9nero y de\ninterseccionalidad.\n\n\n**Dise\u00f1ar e implementar campa\u00f1as de comunicaci\u00f3n interna para**\n**que funcionarias y funcionarios del sector p\u00fablico accedan a**\n**informaci\u00f3n que logre revertir los estereotipos de g\u00e9nero** sobre las\ncaracter\u00edsticas y necesidades de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes\nvenezolanas.\n\n\n**Incorporar a la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante como uno de los**\n**grupos objetivos frente a los cuales se deben implementar medidas**\n**y acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y erradicaci\u00f3n de la discriminaci\u00f3n a**\n**nivel comunicacional.** Esta pr\u00e1ctica debe implementarse en \u00f3rganos\ne instituciones como la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional contra la Discriminaci\u00f3n\n(CONACOD), el Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y\nde la Protecci\u00f3n de la Propiedad Intelectual (INDECOPI), el Instituto\nNacional de Radio y Televisi\u00f3n (IRTP), la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, entre\notros.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **7.2** **\u00bfQu\u00e9 deben hacer los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n?**\n\n**Incorporar buenas pr\u00e1cticas para el abordaje noticioso con enfoque de**\n**derechos humanos.** Esto implicar\u00e1, por ejemplo, pr\u00e1cticas sobre c\u00f3mo\nrevisar y/o contrastar una pluralidad de fuentes confiables que les permita\nacceder a informaci\u00f3n diversa sobre poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante, y para\ngenerar representaciones que se desmarquen del \u00e1mbito de criminalidad e\ninfracci\u00f3n, y se interesen tambi\u00e9n por conocer las causas subyacentes a los\ndesplazamientos forzados y los aportes positivos de la movilidad humana.\n\n\nGenerar y aplicar mecanismos de autorregulaci\u00f3n que tengan como uno de\nsus fundamentos centrales **la erradicaci\u00f3n de patrones socioculturales que**\n**puedan derivar en actitudes discriminatorias hacia la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y**\n**migrante,** y en concreto hacia las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes.\n\n\n**Implementar espacios de capacitaci\u00f3n para sus equipos editoriales y**\n**period\u00edsticos, especialmente con equipos ubicados en frontera,** que permitan\ncomprender cu\u00e1les son y c\u00f3mo operan los derechos humanos, con el fin de\nque se incorpore un enfoque que contemple este aprendizaje, y que pueda\nser transversalizado en sus decisiones y pr\u00e1cticas.\n\n\n**Incorporar en la estructura del personal de cada medio de comunicaci\u00f3n**\n**en cuesti\u00f3n la figura o posici\u00f3n de \u201ceditor/a de g\u00e9nero\u201d,** mediante la cual se\ncumpla la funci\u00f3n de verificar que los contenidos difundidos por los canales de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n transversalicen el enfoque de g\u00e9nero y de interseccionalidad.\n\n\n**Generar espacios de di\u00e1logo permanentes con equipos de periodistas de**\n**las regiones de frontera,** a efectos de tener un mayor acceso a la informaci\u00f3n\ny fuentes, de forma oportuna y r\u00e1pida.\n\n\n##### **Bibliograf\u00eda**\n\n**Amnist\u00eda Internacional. (2022, junio 2).** _Los derechos humanos de las trabajadoras_\n_sexuales, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el compromiso de Amnist\u00eda Internacional?_ https://www.es.amnesty.org/enque-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/los-derechos-humanos-de-las-trabajadoras-sexuales/\n\n**Brosa Hern\u00e1ndez, J., & Medina Bravo, P. (2012).** Representaci\u00f3n de la prostituci\u00f3n inmigrante\nen la prensa. El caso de las prostitutas del barrio del Raval de Barcelona. _Estudios sobre el_\n_Mensaje Period\u00edstico_, 18(1), 259\u2013273. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ESMP.2012.v18.n1.39369\n\n**WACC. (2020).** _\u00bfQui\u00e9n figura en las noticias? GMMP. Proyecto de Monitoreo Mundial de_\n_Medios 2020. Am\u00e9rica Latina. Informe Regional._ https://whomakesthenews.org/wp-content/\nuploads/2021/07/America-Latina-informe-GMMP-rev.pdf\n\n**Willer, H., Palacios, T., & Palla, I. (2021).** _La Percepci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Respecto a Las Personas_\n_Venezolanas en el Espejo de los Medios de Comunicaci\u00f3n en el Per\u00fa._ Instituto de Democracia\ny Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa.\n\n\n\n**Representaci\u00f3n de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes** en CAP\u00cdTULO 3. **Las representaciones sobre las mujeres**\n40 medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y redes sociales en el Per\u00fa **refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas en la sociedad peruana** 41\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Financiado por:\n\n\n**Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, consultar:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8223ac96-6bbf-4931-bf57-55b1f9616d20/RepresentacionRefugiadasMigrantes_enmediosdecomunicacion_Peru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_615/raw/doc_615_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_615/raw/doc_615_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 27db7a353e9186357944cb65785ec9a698f9f79e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_615/raw/doc_615_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,352 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **2025-2026 RRP** **Planning Consultation Report** **Republic of Moldova**\n\n## **Summary**\n\nOn June 26, 2024, UNHCR held a consultation with selected sectors, partners, and donor\nrepresentatives to gather inputs for the 2025-2026 Refugee Response Plan (RRP). The session was\ndivided into five discussion blocks, each covering key areas: RRP stocktaking, expectations for the\nupcoming RRP, objectives for the next two years, characteristics of a successful planning process,\nand humanitarian-development coordination and transition. Below is a summary of the\ndiscussions and key recommendations, which will be used to inform the planning process\nexpected to begin in late July and include government representatives, the UN, national and\ninternational NGOs, refugees and the private sector.\n\n\n**Session 1: Evaluation of the Previous Refugee Response Plan** : Participants assessed the strengths\nand weaknesses of the previous RRP, noting strong stakeholder engagement and coordination but\nidentifying challenges such as complex project submission processes for NGOs and CSOs and\nlimited usage of refugee funding tracker. The session also highlighted context-specific\nmethodologies used to determine planning figures and targets across the region. Key\nrecommendations included optimizing assessment (MSNA, SEIS) timing, simplifying project\nsubmission, improving usage by partners of refugee funding tracker, aligning regional\nmethodologies, increasing visibility of projects supporting host communities, and clarifying RRP\nprocesses while managing expectations of local partners.\n\n\n**Session 2: Expectations for the Upcoming RRP (2025-2026):** Discussions emphasized the need\nfor a responsible transition to government systems, strengthening localization (including sharing\ncapacities with national and local actors), fostering greater linkages between the RRP and\ndevelopment cooperation/actors, and implementing area-based approaches. Flexibility and\nadaptability in planning were highlighted to respond to evolving refugee situations. Key\nrecommendations included integrating transition plans into the RRP, creating a business case for\ntransition funding, strengthening area-based approaches, and ensuring flexible and adaptive\nplanning.\n\n\n**Session 3: Objectives for the Next Two Years:** Participants focused on supporting the government\nin implementing ongoing reforms, particularly the RESTART reform, as these are key elements in\nthe pathway for inclusion. These reforms are partially supported through humanitarian and\ndevelopment funds coming to Moldova largely due to refugee presence. Participants stressed the\nimportance of supporting refugee inclusion across sectors and advocating for an expanded access\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Planning Consultation Report", - "confidence": 0.6729169487953186, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7609372735023499, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RRP", - "confidence": 0.5467200875282288, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6806107759475708, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Republic of Moldova", - "confidence": 0.8739362359046936, - "start": 16, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6904531717300415, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025-2026", - "confidence": 0.8100816011428833, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6591432690620422, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee funding tracker", - "confidence": 0.9855332970619202, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to rights and services by TP holders, including a clear pathway for local integration which is not\navailable for them.\n\n\n**Session 4: Characteristics of a Successful Planning Process:** Participants identified the need to\nstreamline the planning approach, including reducing redundant meetings and doing targeted\nconsultations, while promoting cross-sectoral discussions. Engaging a wide range of stakeholders,\nincluding refugees and host communities, was stressed. The importance of aligning the RRP with\nbroader frameworks like the UNSDCF and EU Acquis was highlighted. Participants also discussed\noptimizing the current coordination structure, including sector divisions, and working group\nstructures, to maximize coordination and support government and local civil society engagement.\n\n\n**Session 5: Humanitarian Development Coordination and Transition:** The final session\nemphasized aligning humanitarian and development efforts with government priorities and\ndeveloping strategic advocacy to bridge the two approaches. Participants stressed balancing\nrefugee integration with addressing immediate humanitarian needs, while reducing protection\nrisks, and highlighted the value of conducting economic analyses on refugee contributions.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations:**\n\n\n1. **Transition and Inclusion:** The RRP should prioritize the development and integration of a\n\nclear transition plan, focusing on the gradual transfer of responsibilities to the government\nand national civil society. This plan should support ongoing reforms and mobilize\nresources for the inclusion of refugees in national systems. A key priority is working closely\nwith the government to expand rights for Temporary Protection holders, which is crucial\nfor facilitating long-term integration and ensuring a sustainable approach to refugee\nprotection and solutions.\n\n2. **Planning and Coordination** : To enhance efficiency and effectiveness, the RRP planning\n\nprocess should be streamlined, with a focus on optimizing sector divisions to minimize\nduplication. This reorganization should aim to simplify coordination, particularly for\ngovernment line ministries dealing with multiple sectors and local civil society. It's key to\nalign the RRP with broader frameworks such as the UNSDCF, National and Sub-National\nDevelopment Plans, and the EU accession process. This alignment will ensure coherence\nwith national development goals and facilitate a more integrated approach to refugee\nresponse and long-term development, while mobilizing engagement and support from\ndevelopment actors.\n\n\n3. **Stakeholder Engagement and Communication:** The RRP should emphasize inclusive\n\nplanning by engaging a diverse range of stakeholders, including refugees, host\ncommunities, local authorities, and the private sector. Communication about RRP\nplanning processes should manage expectations among all parties involved, especially\nlocal CSOs. This includes clearer guidelines coupled with information sessions on project\nsubmission procedures and funding. The planning process should foster inclusive\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "consultations, considering all relevant parties, including those in the Transnistrian Region.\nCross-border coordination with Ukraine on key issues should be sought.\n\n\n4. **Funding and Resource Allocation:** To ensure sustainable funding and effective resource\n\nmanagement, a strong business case for transition funding should be developed. This\nshould be supported by an economic analysis of refugee contributions to Moldova, which\ncan help justify continued support and demonstrate the benefits of refugee inclusion.\nFunding levels transparency should be improved through enhanced use of the refugee\nfunding tracker and regular consultations on sectoral funding allocation. These measures\nwill not only provide clearer visibility on resource allocation and gaps but also promote\nmore strategic discussions on funding distribution across sectors.\n\n\n5. **Data Management and Assessments** : Efforts should be made to support the government\n\nto improve data collection and harmonization processes, ensuring that refugee needs are\naccurately represented in national and sub-national datasets. The timing of needs\nassessments should be optimized to better align with the RRP planning cycle, ensuring\nthat the most current data informs planning decisions. These improvements in data\nmanagement and assessment will lead to more accurate needs analysis, more effective\ntargeting of resources, and ultimately, better outcomes for refugees and host\ncommunities.\n\n6. **Flexible Planning:** The RRP should incorporate flexible planning mechanisms to adapt to\n\nchanging circumstances over its two-year period. This includes balancing integration\nefforts with ongoing humanitarian needs, recognizing that some refugees will continue to\nrequire assistance while others move towards self-reliance. Area-based initiatives, such\nas the \"Cities of Solidarity\" model, should be strengthened to create more holistic and\nsustainable solutions that benefit both refugees and host communities. This approach\nallows for context-specific interventions that can adapt to local needs and opportunities,\nfostering more effective and sustainable response.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee\nfunding tracker", - "confidence": 0.9900413155555725, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Moldova", - "confidence": 0.8518326878547668, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national and sub-national datasets", - "confidence": 0.8042618036270142, - "start": 166, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8032405376434326, - "start": 225, - "end": 226 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Detailed Summary of Discussions and** **Recommendations**\n\n### **Session 1: Evaluation of the Previous Refugee Response Plan** **(RRP)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Stakeholder Engagement and Coordination:** The previous RRP demonstrated strong participation from\ndiverse actors, including government, INGOs, and local organizations. Effective coordination was observed\nacross central and local levels, with significant commitment from various government ministries. The\nplanning process benefited from open feedback channels, particularly with international and national\nNGOs. However, there's a need to enhance communication on the value of engaging in coordination\nmechanisms, especially for local organizations.\n\n\n**Planning and Assessment:** Different approaches across the region regarding planning figures and targeting\nmethodology was noted as an issue. The timing of the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (or related exercise)\nwas identified as an area for improvement to ensure better needs-based planning. The tight 1.5-month\ntimeframe for developing RRP project proposals was identified as a challenge, potentially impacting the\nquality and thoroughness of submissions.\n\n\n**Project Submission and Funding:** The project submission process for NGOs and local CSOs was described\nas complex and time-consuming, often leading to duplication and frequent revisions. The underutilization\nof the refugee funding tracker by partners was highlighted as a concern, impacting transparency in fund\nallocation. Participants suggested developing better strategies to link the RRP with fundraising\nopportunities \u2013 following the good example of the monthly compilation of funding opportunities for\nnational and local CSOs - and enhancing the use of the funding tracker for improved accuracy and\ntransparency.\n\n\n**Project Implementation and Adaptation:** participants noted a misalignment between initially submitted\nprojects and actual implementation, emphasizing the need for ongoing assessment and adaptation. The\nvisibility of activities supporting host communities and peaceful coexistence projects was identified as an\narea for improvement. Recommendations include implementing a more flexible approach to project\nadjustments and improving communication about the RRP process, including clarity on project submission\nand funding mechanisms.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9350890517234802, - "start": 155, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Transition and Development:** The alignment of the RRP with national systems, inclusion of transitional\nelements, and support for law/policy development in the previous RRP was praised. However, there's a\ncall for increased focus on transition and inclusion in government systems. Suggestions include leveraging\noperational functions, strengthening key sectors and piloting area-based approaches to better connect\nhumanitarian efforts with long-term development cooperation.\n\n\n**Realistic Planning:** Given the decreasing availability of humanitarian funds, there's an emphasis on\nconsidering realistic funding requests in future planning. This approach would help in optimizing the use\nof limited resources and setting achievable objectives.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations from Session 1:**\n\n\n**1.** **Optimize assessment timing to better align with the RRP planning cycle:** Adjust the timing of the\n\nMulti-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) to better align with the RRP planning cycle.\n\n\n**2.** **Simplify project submission for NGOs and local CSOs:** Simplify project submission for NGOs and\n\nlocal CSOs to reduce duplication and frequent revisions. This requires sectors to prioritize activities\nand indicators.\n\n\n**3.** **Improve funding transparency through improved usage of the refugee funding tracker:** Enhance\n\nthe use and promotion of the refugee funding tracker among partners to provide clearer visibility\non resource allocation and gaps and promote strategic discussions on funding allocation across\nsectors.\n\n\n**4.** **Increase visibility of host community projects:** Improve the visibility and communication of\n\nactivities targeting host communities, particularly peaceful coexistence projects.\n\n\n**5.** **Clarify RRP processes, including project submission and funding mechanisms:** Improve\n\ncommunication about the RRP process, including clear guidelines on project submission\nprocedures and funding mechanisms.\n\n### **Session 2: Expectations for the Upcoming RRP (2025-2026)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Transition and Government Leadership:** Participants stressed the importance of supporting the\ngovernment in developing and implementing strategies/plans for refugee integration. There was a call for\nmobilizing RRP funds to support short-term scaling up of the government workforce to facilitate transition.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9924269914627075, - "start": 159, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9832603335380554, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee funding tracker", - "confidence": 0.9368377327919006, - "start": 233, - "end": 236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "visibility\non resource allocation and gaps", - "confidence": 0.6783080101013184, - "start": 254, - "end": 260 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Development Cooperation and Area-Based Approaches:** The group highlighted the importance of linking\nthe RRP with development cooperation. Suggestions included leveraging operational functions of key\nsectors for refugee integration and piloting area-based approaches, such as \"Cities of Solidarity\", creating\nmore holistic and sustainable solutions that benefit both refugees and host communities.\n\n\n**Flexibility and Adaptability:** The importance of maintaining flexibility over the two-year period was\nemphasized, given the potential for changing contexts and the need for adaptive planning. Participants\nstressed the need for the RRP to be responsive to evolving refugee situations, including potential changes\nin refugee numbers, shifts in host community dynamics, or changes in the political landscape.\n\n\n**Funding and Resource Allocation:** Emphasis was placed on developing a business case for funding the\ntransition, particularly by demonstrating how additional financing being provided for Moldova due to\nrefugee presence is positively impacting vulnerable Moldovan populations. Participants discussed the\nneed for a balance between humanitarian aid and development activities, stressing the importance of\nrealistic funding requests.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations from Session 2:**\n\n\n1. **Develop and Integrate transition plan:** Integrate into the RRP a clear plan for transitioning\n\nresponsibilities to the government and national civil society, tailored to different sectors' needs\nand stages of readiness, ensuring a gradual and sustainable transfer of responsibilities. Ensure\nalignment with the costed integration mechanism being developed by the government.\n\n**2.** **Create a business case for transition funding:** Gather evidence to demonstrate the benefits and\n\nspillover effect of refugee inclusion and advocate for continued funding, emphasizing the positive\nimpact of refugee presence on the development of their communities, and mobilizing funds\nsupporting vulnerable populations and the broader community.\n\n**3.** **Strengthen area-based approaches:** Strengthen area-based initiatives, such as the \"Cities of\n\nSolidarity\" model, to better connect humanitarian efforts with development cooperation, creating\nmore holistic and sustainable solutions.\n\n**4.** **Ensure flexible and adaptive planning:** Design the RRP with built-in flexibility to adapt to changing\n\ncircumstances over the two-year period, acknowledging the dynamic nature of the refugee\nsituation and allowing for responsive adjustments.\n\n### **Session 3: Objectives for the Next Two Years**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Government Capacity and Reforms:** Discussions highlighted the ongoing government reforms, including\nthe RESTART reform. It emphasized the need for support in capacity sharing and building, strengthening\ninternal mechanisms, and increased engagement with local authorities. The goal is to make the system\nmore efficient and improve services for vulnerable groups, including refugees. This reform is seen as key\nfor the long-term sustainability of refugee support and integration efforts.\n\n\n**Inclusion Across Sectors:** Participants stressed the importance of meaningful inclusion of refugees in\nhealthcare, education, labor markets, and economic systems, including in rural areas. There was\nrecognition that inclusion levels vary by sector, with some areas like social assistance needing significant\nimprovement/support. The focus shall be on supporting strategies that address the needs of refugees\nwhile also benefiting host communities.\n\n\n**Expansion of Temporary Protection Rights** : Participants highlighted the urgent need to expand rights\nentitlements for TP holders, which currently limits inclusion into social protection systems and does not\nprovide a legal pathway for local integration, limiting the scope of any transition effort.\n\n\n**Refugee Self-Reliance** : Participants highlighted the importance of prioritizing support for refugees to\nbecome self-reliant, recognizing this as essential for long-term sustainability of the response/transition\nand reduced dependence on humanitarian aid.\n\n\n**Social Assistance and Data Management:** The need for better refugee inclusion in social assistance\nprograms was highlighted, with suggestions to categorize refugees based on socioeconomic and\nprotection vulnerability and provide technical guidance to the government to refine existing eligibility\ncriteria for their inclusion. Improving data management and harmonizing statistics, while including refugee\nin national and sub-national datasets was suggested to ensure accurate representation of refugee needs,\nparticularly in child protection services.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations from Session 3:**\n\n\n**1.** **Support government reforms:** Mobilize support through the RRP to provide targeted support for\n\nongoing reform, aiming at refugee inclusion \u2013 while benefitting all- and focusing on enhancing the\ngovernment's capacity to promote refugee protection and solution.\n\n\n**2.** **Advocacy on Legal Framework:** Develop an advocacy strategy to promote expanding rights for\n\nTemporary Protection (TP) holders and mobilize support through the RRP.\n\n\n**3.** **Support to inclusion:** RRP shall support government inclusion strategies across healthcare,\n\neducation, labor markets, and economic systems, with particular attention refugee self-reliance\nand access to social protection systems.\n\n\n4. **Enhance social assistance inclusion:** prioritize refugees\u2019 inclusion in social assistance, including\n\nrefining eligibility criteria to ensure targeted and effective support.\n\n\n**5.** **Improve data management:** Support the government at all levels to enhance data collection and\n\nharmonization processes to accurately represent refugee needs in service planning and delivery,\nfacilitating evidence-based decision-making and policy making.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social protection systems", - "confidence": 0.7537617683410645, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9560493230819702, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national and sub-national datasets", - "confidence": 0.9413971304893494, - "start": 305, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8302027583122253, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Session 4: Characteristics of a Successful Planning Process**\n\n\n\n\n\nThis session focused on identifying the key elements that contribute to a successful RRP planning process,\nessential components to include, and stakeholders to engage.\n\n\n**Streamlining the Planning Process:** Participants emphasized the need for a more focused and efficient\napproach to planning. Suggestions included segmenting the refugee population according to\nsocioeconomic profile and intentions (stay/transit), adopting a stronger cross-sectoral approach, and\nreducing the number of indicators to streamline reporting. There was a call for utilizing working group\nmeetings more effectively during the planning process rather than adding new workshops.\n\n\n**Stakeholder Engagement:** The discussion highlighted the importance of engaging a wide range of\nstakeholders, including high-level government officials, municipalities, donors, the private sector, and\nrefugees themselves. Participants stressed the need for quality over quantity in meetings, suggesting\ntargeted discussions with key decision-makers. The involvement of the RC's office, State Commission on\nMigration and Asylum, PM\u2019s Office and various ministries was recommended to ensure alignment with\nbroader frameworks.\n\n\n**Alignment with Broader Frameworks:** Participants stressed the importance of aligning the RRP with\nvarious frameworks, including the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the\nNational Development Plan (including the Mechanism for the Integration of Foreigners), and the EU\naccession process. This alignment was seen as crucial for gaining support from both the government and\ndevelopment partners, particularly EU countries.\n\n\n**Sector Division and Coordination:** There was a discussion on the strategic division of sectors and working\ngroups within the RRP, with some participants suggesting that the current structure might lead to\nduplication and over-coordination in certain areas, also impacting the ability of the government to follow\nsector discussions \u2013 especially regarding line ministries with responsibilities covering more than one\nsector. The importance of aligning humanitarian efforts with existing government plans was emphasized.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Adaptability and Future Planning:** Discussions touched on the importance of considering population\nmovements, particularly regarding returns to Ukraine, and adapting sector plans accordingly.\n\n\n**Inclusive Consultations:** The suggestion was made to consider consultations with de facto authorities on\nthe Transnistrian region, acknowledging the complexity but recognizing it as a potentially necessary step.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations from Session 4:**\n\n\n**1.** **Streamline the planning process:** Adopt a more focused approach, reducing redundant meetings\n\nand utilizing existing platforms more effectively. Implement a cross-sectoral approach to simplify\nplanning for line ministries and the government.\n\n\n**2.** **Stakeholder engagement:** Organize targeted discussions with key decision-makers, including high\nlevel government officials, municipalities, and the private sector. Ensure the involvement of\nrefugees and host communities in the planning process to capture diverse perspectives.\n\n\n**3.** **Align with broader frameworks:** Ensure the RRP aligns with UNSDCF, NDPs, and the EU accession\n\nprocess. Create a separate section in the RRP to clearly outline these alignments, making the\nprocess more visible to development partners and enhancing overall coherence.\n\n\n**4.** **Optimize sector division:** Review and potentially restructure the sector/WGs divisions within the\n\nRRP to minimize duplication and improve coordination efficiency, streamlining efforts and\nresource allocation.\n\n\n**5.** **Focus on clear communication:** Simplify tools and clearly communicate submission expectations\n\nto improve the quality of inputs and reduce misunderstandings, enhancing overall participation\nand engagement in the RRP process, especially among local partners.\n\n### **Session 5: Humanitarian Development Coordination and** **Transition**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Aligning with Government Priorities:** Participants emphasized the crucial importance of aligning\nhumanitarian and development efforts with government priorities. This alignment was seen as essential\nfor effectively engaging development actors, who closely follow government directives. The need for\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "targeted and strategic advocacy to bridge the gap between humanitarian and development mindsets was\nhighlighted.\n\n\n**Complementary Support:** Emphasis was placed on communicating that humanitarian efforts and funding\nare meant to complement, not replace, existing government resources. The significant role of\ndevelopment cooperation in Moldova's GDP was highlighted, underscoring the need to identify key\npressure points within development cooperation for effective advocacy.\n\n\n**Balancing Integration and Immediate Needs:** Participants stressed the importance of a balanced\napproach that focuses on both refugee integration into development frameworks and addressing the\nimmediate humanitarian needs of the refugee caseload - those who will continue to need assistance and\ncannot transition out of aid.\n\n\n**Economic Analysis:** The need for an economic analysis of the contribution refugees make to Moldova was\nhighlighted. Drawing parallels with similar discussions in Poland, it was suggested that demonstrating the\neconomic benefits of refugee integration could serve as a powerful advocacy tool.\n\n\n**Key Recommendations from Session 5:**\n\n\n1. **Align with Government Priorities:** Ensure that humanitarian and development efforts are closely\n\naligned with government priorities to effectively engage development actors and secure support,\nfacilitating a more integrated and sustainable approach.\n\n\n2. **Develop Strategic Advocacy:** Create targeted advocacy strategies that bridge the gap between\n\nhumanitarian and development pillars, focusing on key pressure points within development\ncooperation agenda that impact refugee protection and solutions.\n\n\n3. **Balance Integration and Immediate Needs:** Adopt a dual-focus approach that addresses both the\n\nintegration of refugees into development frameworks and the immediate needs of those who\ncannot transition out of aid, ensuring comprehensive support for all refugee populations.\n\n\n4. **Conduct Economic Analysis:** Analyze the economic contribution of refugees to Moldova. Use this\n\ndata as an advocacy tool to demonstrate the benefits of refugee integration.\n\n\n5. **Enhance Development Coordination:** Strengthen coordination between RRP sectors and partners\n\nwith development actors, recognizing their significant role in Moldova's economy and their\npotential to support long-term refugee integration efforts.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba1f1b9e-d85f-491a-a992-023f3595453a/Republic%20of%20Moldova%20--%20Planning%20Consultation%20Report%202025-2026%20RRP.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_616/raw/doc_616_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_616/raw/doc_616_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b4131c79bea800fa3697a1beb9f0c371845b63cf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_616/raw/doc_616_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Response to the main protection concerns in the aftermath of the February 2023 earthquakes**\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\nThis paper outlines **the main protection concerns** in the aftermath of the 6 February earthquakes and\n**actions taken by the Protection Sector** to prevent, mitigate and respond to them in the first two months\nfollowing the earthquake.\n\n\nThe following key protection concerns are highlighted due to their frequency and severity:\n\n\n1. Gender-based violence (GBV)\n2. Limited accountability to affected populations (AAP)\n3. Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA)\n4. Psychological distress\n5. Protection concerns affecting children\n6. Limited response to the needs of older people and people with disabilities\n7. Challenges to access housing, land and property (HLP) rights\n\n\n**Overall context**\n\n\nIn response to the 6 February earthquakes, local authorities in directly impacted areas established\ntemporary shelters to host affected populations. As of 7 March, it is estimated that 265 collective shelters\n(schools, mosques and other community infrastructure) host people affected by the earthquakes in\nAleppo, Hama, Latakia, Homs and Idleb.\n\nMost people in shelters are reported to be women and children (82% in Aleppo governorate). [1] Children\nwho are either unaccompanied or staying with relatives were reported in 30 shelters. [2] 76% of key\ninformants who participated in a Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) [3] conducted in the early days after\nthe earthquake reported the presence of destitute older persons. Female-headed households (74% of key\ninformants), persons with disabilities (72%), and older persons providing care to a household (61%) were\nalso frequently reported among the most affected population groups.\n\nPartners engaged in the humanitarian response, including the UN disaster assessment coordination\n(UNDAC) team, found conditions in shelters to be cramped and unsuitable, while many residents were\ntoo afraid to return to their homes. In some instances, there were concerns that persons who could not\n\n\n1 Multi-sectoral assessment conducted from 16 to 20 February in 118 collective shelters in Aleppo.\n2 Multi-sectoral assessment conducted from 16 to 20 February in 118 collective shelters in Aleppo.\n[3 Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA): https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/rapid-protection-](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/rapid-protection-assessment-findings-syria-earthquake-february-2023-protection-sector-report)\n[assessment-findings-syria-earthquake-february-2023-protection-sector-report, Initial findings from a Rapid](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/rapid-protection-assessment-findings-syria-earthquake-february-2023-protection-sector-report)\nProtection Assessment (RPA) with 100 KIIs in Aleppo, Latakia, Hama and Tartous conducted from 9 to 15 February.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Protection Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9896697402000427, - "start": 263, - "end": 266 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPA", - "confidence": 0.9927055239677429, - "start": 267, - "end": 268 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key\ninformants", - "confidence": 0.8984256982803345, - "start": 257, - "end": 259 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-sectoral assessment", - "confidence": 0.869848370552063, - "start": 382, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aleppo", - "confidence": 0.5299143195152283, - "start": 443, - "end": 444 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Protection Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7213894724845886, - "start": 415, - "end": 418 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPA", - "confidence": 0.6993532776832581, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6278299689292908, - "start": 441, - "end": 442 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "provide the required evidence that their houses were destroyed were being evicted from collective\nshelters, especially in Latakia.\n\n**Response to main protection concerns**\n\n\n - Since the earthquake emergency response began and as of 30 March 2023, the Protection Sector\nand area of responsibility (AoR) partners have carried out 579,460 protection interventions to\nsupport people affected by the earthquake.\n\n - More specifically, protection partners distributed **135,935 dignity kits** . **143,607 beneficiaries**\n**attended awareness-raising sessions** on protection concerns, GBV and child protection issues.\n**118,400 people benefitted from psychosocial support sessions, 58,662 people received**\n**psychological first aid (PFA)** and **68,130 people** participated in recreational activities **. Legal**\n**services** including legal counselling and legal awareness were provided to **10,491 affected**\n**people** . **8,598 referrals** were made to specialised services and assistance by other sectors. **9,901**\n**people** benefitted from **GP,** **GBV and CP case management. 6,585 people received medical and**\n**general in-kind material assistance.**\n\n - In response to protection issues raised in intersectoral and protection assessments, the\nProtection Sector held several meetings to present the findings and discuss the protection\ninterventions and priorities together with the GBV and CP AoRs, as well as the MHPSS SubNational WG and PSEA in-country network. It also shared its findings with HCT and inter-sector\ncoordination members on a regular basis.\n\n\n**1)** **Gender-based violence**\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\nConditions in collective shelters often lead to elevated risks of gender-based violence and sexual\nharassment. During the RPA, overcrowding in collective shelters was widely reported (by 69% of key\ninformants) and gender segregation in shelters was often lacking (as reported by 11% of key informants),\nincluding the absence of partitions, locks and gender-segregated bathrooms.\n\n\nAccording to an OCHA-led multi-sectoral assessment of 118 collective shelters in Aleppo during the third\nweek of February, 27% of key informants reported incidents of sexual harassment and a further 20%\nreported fear of harassment and/or a lack of privacy. Sexual harassment cases were reported in nine\nshelters.\n\nIn Latakia, inter-agency assessments of six shelters hosting 563 families found that most shelters had no\nlighting system, especially in the latrines, and that there were no locks on the doors of the rooms.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n - The protection sector at the national level discussed concerns related to GBV with the **WASH and**\n**shelter sectors.** Both sectors committed to **improving the collective shelters' arrangements and**\n**WASH facilities** .\n\n - Following the RPA, the Shelter Sector started implementing a **shelter improvement plan** in the\ncollective shelters to ensure a minimum level of privacy, safety and dignity for the displaced\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA-led multi-sectoral assessment", - "confidence": 0.5181670784950256, - "start": 406, - "end": 409 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aleppo", - "confidence": 0.931081235408783, - "start": 414, - "end": 415 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key\ninformants", - "confidence": 0.527545154094696, - "start": 370, - "end": 372 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency assessments", - "confidence": 0.720917820930481, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Latakia", - "confidence": 0.8739105463027954, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "families. This included ensuring separate WASH facilities and providing separations inside rooms;\nenhancing safety; and prioritising the provision of sufficient lighting.\n\n- To mainstream protection and GBV risk mitigation in the earthquake emergency response, the\nProtection Sector developed and shared **guidelines on protection mainstreaming** with partners.\n\n- The GBV AoR developed and disseminated tools for other sectors, including key **messages for**\n**communities** and an **observational tool/safety audit tool** to guide GBV risk analysis and identify\nGBV risks mainly in collective shelters, WASH facilities and distribution points.\n\n- **Safety audits** were conducted in several collective shelters to enable the identification of\navailable services, the level of **safety to access** them and **risks and gaps** that might expose women\nand girls to GBV. It also included actionable **recommendations** to reduce the identified GBV risks\nand vulnerabilities.\n\n- The GBV AoR held an urgent meeting with GBV UN focal points to discuss GBV and SEA concerns\nand draft a **response plan** .\n\n- **The sub-national GBV AoR coordination** has been reactivated in Aleppo, Homs, Hama and\nLatakia, and coordination meetings have taken place regularly. GBV **risk mitigation and referral**\n**tools** have been disseminated and are currently used in all areas.\n\n- The GBV AoR also participated in the train-the-trainers (ToT) of enumerators for the **Syria Needs**\n**Assessment Tool (SYNAT)** in all areas.\n\n- The GBV AoR developed a **Psychological First Aid (PFA) guidance tool** for utilization by all sectors\nduring GBV case referrals.\n\n- The Protection Sector participated in shelter vetting committee meetings to ensure that\nprotection, GBV risk mitigation and PSEA are mainstreamed in all projects submitted for the **SHF**\n**allocation for the earthquake response** .\n\n- **A GBV helpline was established (24/7, free call)** to facilitate timely GBV referrals and access to\nremote case management. The helpline supports women who have experienced GBV, including\nSexual Exploitation and Abuse, with referral to qualified professionals for psychosocial, medical\nor legal support. The helpline is open 24/7 and is a free call on 9416.\n\n- The GBV AoR developed a one-page guidance on conducting **GBV case management** **for use by**\n**actors and partners involved in the collective shelters** .\n\n- The GBV AoR ensures that GBV services are prioritized and available in higher-risk collective\nshelters through integrated mobile teams and safe spaces for women and girls **.**\n\n- Coordination with the Health Sector helped strengthen the integration of mobile health/sexual\nand reproductive health and GBV service provision in and out of collective shelters.\n\n- GBV actors provide GBV survivors with Psychological First Aid and case management services that\nare in line with the survivor-centred approach and ensure privacy and confidentiality. **32**\n**Integrated mobile teams and 8 Women and girls\u2019 Safe spaces** remain active in Aleppo, Hama,\nHoms, Latakia and Tartous. Deployed GBV **mobile teams** continue to be operative, roving across\nthe collective shelters on a daily basis, disseminating key messages to the affected population,\nincluding on GBV referral pathways, Menstrual Health Management and PSEA, and ensuring\ntimely referrals to essential care. GBV referral pathways have been revised for all earthquakeaffected areas. The GBV services are integrated with reproductive health services within the\nmobile team as an entry point for women to access essential GBV services in a safe and nonstigmatizing way.\n\n**2)** **Limited AAP**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Analysis of needs**\n\nAccording to the RPA, many people could not access information about available services (11% of the key\ninformants) or did not know how to make a complaint (20% of key informants). 15% of interviewed key\ninformants reported that some of the affected people did not trust existing complaint mechanisms\nbecause they could not reach anyone when trying to call or their issues were not solved when they\ncomplained.\n\nFormal feedback and complaints mechanisms inside collective shelters in Aleppo proved difficult to\nimplement due in large part to the absence of an official managerial structure in the collective shelters\n(for instance, collective shelters established in schools were managed by school principals, while those in\nmosques were managed by imams). Protection partners were therefore advised to channel complaints\nthrough their staff members, mobile units and outreach volunteers whenever visiting centers to provide\nassistance.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n - Protection partners\u2019 community-based **feedback and complaint mechanisms** established preearthquake include complaint boxes in community centres, hotlines and direct communication\nwith partners. Through outreach volunteers and mobile teams, protection partners are\ndisseminating information on available **reporting mechanisms, including hotlines and email** to\nreceive community feedback.\n\n - The AAP working group developed **key messages** highlighting the importance of ensuring the AAP\nkey components (participation/engagement with the community, communication and\ntransparency, complaints and feedback mechanisms) are in place from the outset of the\nemergency. These were distributed through sector leads.\n\n - Establishing an **Inter-sectoral referral pathway** and **mapping services** is ongoing to ensure an\neffective response to needs in coordination with GBV AoR.\n\n - UNHCR in Latakia developed **SoPs for protection considerations inside collective shelters** which\ninclude guidance on the implementation of protection standards and referral processes for\nvulnerable groups.\n\n - In Latakia, UNHCR conducted a training workshop on **protection minimum standards in collective**\n**shelters for 28 collective shelter managers.** The training aimed to develop knowledge on the\noverall protection principles, minimum standards of protection in collective shelters, basic\nGBV/SEA principles, overview of the outcome of safety audit assessments conducted in five\ncollective shelters in Latakia, accountability to affected populations, and engagement of affected\npopulations on the management of collective shelters. This was also followed by a case study on\nhow to address protection threats in collective shelters by applying the minimum protection\nstandards.\n\n - The **shelter managers attended protection meetings** to ensure close coordination, dissemination\nof information and to become familiar with the online protection referral pathways as well as the\ntool that was developed to organize work inside collective shelters.\n\n**3)** **SEA**\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The multi-sectoral assessment carried out in collective shelters in Aleppo highlighted potential instances\nof exploitation and abuse, with 9 per cent of the key informants reporting having heard of cases where\nbeneficiaries had been asked for physical, emotional, or other kinds of favours in exchange for services\nand assistance. These risks were exacerbated by the high number of untrained staff, volunteers and nonhumanitarian actors involved in the delivery of humanitarian services, as many have not received training\non PSEA nor are bound by codes of conduct.\n\nWritten material could not be disseminated at the collective shelters due to authorities' long-standing\nobjection to some PSEA activities.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector met with the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (MoSAL) as well as the\nauthorities in Aleppo as well to discuss GBV and SEA concerns in several collective shelters.\nAuthorities committed **to taking immediate action to mitigate SEA risks caused by non-**\n**humanitarian partners and to ensure that collective shelters will be managed only by**\n**humanitarian partners.**\n\n - PSEA is a **standard agenda point** for the inter-sector coordination and area humanitarian country\nteam (AHCT) fora as well as protection sector meetings.\n\n - Draft **SOPs for reporting and processing PSEA complaints** have been circulated to in-country\nnetwork members.\n\n - The Aleppo Protection Working Group worked closely with the PSEA in-country network and the\nGBV Working Group to assess the SEA risks, analyze possible reasons, discuss available solutions,\nand identify actions required at different levels. Protection partners have been actively\ndisseminating awareness-raising messages, including PSEA key messages, and coordinating with\ncommunity structures to support raising awareness on feedback and complaint mechanisms. As\npart of the earthquake response, the PSEA in-country sub-national network co-chairs (UNHCR and\nUNICEF) organised an urgent meeting with OCHA, WHO, UNDP, WFP, UN-HABITAT and UNFPA to\ndiscuss the **PSEA emergency response.** The sub-national network agreed on efforts to\nmainstream PSEA across all sectors, disseminate PSEA key messages in collective shelters, carry\nout PSEA refresher sessions targeting partner staff and volunteers as risk reduction measures and\nfurther discuss the reporting mechanism with the PSEA national in-country network.\n\n - The PSEA in-country network drafted and circulated **PSEA key messages** on 11 February 2023.\nProtection partners have been disseminating these key messages inside and outside collective\nshelters and conducted several PSEA awareness sessions.\n\n - PSEA **orientation sessions** for other sectors and refresher sessions for frontline staff have taken\nplace.\n\n - Newly assigned shelter management staff of local organizations have received **protection and**\n**PSEA mainstreaming training** by the sub-national in-country network.\n\n - Sub-national in-country networks are continuously engaged with local authorities to discuss SEA\nrisks and response.\n\n\n**4)** **Psychological distress**\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As a result of the earthquake, distress has been one of the most frequently reported issues [4], with 68% of\nkey informants indicating a need for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS).\n\nIn Aleppo collective shelters, 85% of key informants reported high levels of trauma and stress since the\nearthquake, [5] while humanitarian staff have also been psychologically impacted.\n\nPsychological distress in adults has translated into signs of excessive worrying and fear, nightmares,\ninsomnia, disorientation, and recalling earthquake-related incidents, while children have exhibited\nunusual crying, sadness, nightmares, fear from loud noises and inability to enter the rooms in their homes\nwhere they were when the earthquake struck. Psychological distress has also been compounding other\nprotection risks, particularly gender-based violence and violence against children.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n - Since the start of the response, **48,258 people** have benefitted from psychosocial support sessions\nand **35,437** have attended PFA sessions.\n\n - Several agencies have provided training to frontline workers to enhance their capacity in PFA,\nincluding for children. In Latakia 110 frontline workers received five days of **training on MHPSS**\nand 68 received training on Psychological First Aid.\n\n - The Child Protection AoR trained several partners on the approved manual by MoSAL and the\nSyrian Commission for Family Affairs and Population (SCFAP) on **psychosocial support for**\n**children** . The manual is now being used by many child protection actors.\n\n - UNHCR and WHO, in close coordination with International Medical Corps, have activated the\n**MHPSS sub-national working group in Aleppo** to help ensure a harmonized response and support\neffective coordination. The working group updated the mapping of services and resources,\nconducted MHPSS needs assessment and shared relevant information.\n\n\n**5)** **Protection concerns affecting children**\n\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\nA Child Protection Area of Responsibility (AoR)-led assessment in Aleppo, Hama and Latakia indicated that\nchild separation was observed by 7% of key informants. Death of caregivers was the first cause for\nseparation of the children from their primary caregivers, accounting for 72% of the cases. Most children\nwithout their usual caregivers were under informal foster care at the time of the assessment according\nto 24% of key informants, while 20% of key informants reported that children lived on their own.\n\n21% of key informants mentioned child protection risks, such as violence against children which was\nattributed to the parents\u2019 frustration. Economic hardship compounded by the earthquake, as well as\nadditional challenges to accessing education, have led to an increase in reported cases of child labour.\n14% of the key informants reported that children were getting involved in the hazardous work of\nremoving debris and searching for valuables, often being paid to do so.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n4 Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA): https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/rapid-protectionassessment-findings-syria-earthquake-february-2023-protection-sector-report.\n5 Multi-sectoral assessment conducted from 16 to 20 February in 118 collective shelters in Aleppo.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9893513321876526, - "start": 334, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "mapping of services and resources", - "confidence": 0.6476827263832092, - "start": 327, - "end": 332 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MHPSS sub-national working group", - "confidence": 0.7013700604438782, - "start": 303, - "end": 307 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.7621451020240784, - "start": 391, - "end": 393 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Protection Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9843107461929321, - "start": 547, - "end": 550 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPA", - "confidence": 0.9569029211997986, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aleppo", - "confidence": 0.505285382270813, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Accurate statistics on the number of unaccompanied and separated children have been difficult\nto obtain. The Child Protection AoR worked with authorities to **establish identification and**\n**referral mechanisms** in place. In Latakia, 33 children were identified as being unaccompanied, 30\nof which were provided with the needed case management support and were reunified with their\nfamilies or provided with alternate care with extended families, while 3 cases were hosted in a\ncare center until reunification with their mother was possible.\n\n - Child Protection AoR partners supported the **tracing and reunification of unaccompanied and**\n**separated children with their families** or extended families, and most identified children were\nreunited with their relatives. Partners have continued to monitor children at risk of separation.\n\n - Child Protection AoR partners have provided **case management** support to unaccompanied and\nseparated children, while some children **have been referred for specialized support.**\n\n**6)** **Limited response to the needs of older people and people with disabilities**\n\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\nAccording to RPA findings, older people and people with disabilities are perceived to be facing more\nsignificant challenges due to the earthquake when compared to other groups (as reported by 85 and 73%\nof key informants respectively). Challenges included inadequate shelter arrangements for older people\nand insufficient availability of tailored services for people with specific needs. Gaps in specialised services\nfor older persons and persons with disability were reported respectively by 81% and 86% of key\ninformants.\n\n**Response**\n\n\n - The Protection Sector is working with the Shelter Sector to ensure **disability-friendly facilities** in\nthe current and newly selected collective shelters for easy access to buildings, rooms, activities\nand facilities. The Protection Sector will continue efforts to ensure **equipment/mobility items**\nare available in each collective shelter to enhance accessibility for people with disabilities and\nolder persons.\n\n - Persons with mobility disabilities are provided with **general and medical in-kind assistance** inside\nand outside shelters.\n\n - **Children with intellectual needs** among persons with disabilities are referred to specialized\nservices and followed up by implementing partners inside collective shelters and host\ncommunities.\n\n**7)** **Housing, land and property rights**\n\n**Analysis of needs**\n\nHLP rights have remained a protracted key humanitarian and development concern in Syria for decades.\nPrior to 2011, issues related to poor land administration and management in both rural and urban\ncontexts persisted, causing ripples in the social fabric. HLP rights were further exacerbated by the violent\nconflict, which caused vast destruction of housing and productive assets, and complex and multiple forms\nof displacement within Syria and abroad. In addition, the lack of the necessary legal framework to address\nthe effects of natural disasters added another uncertainty layer regarding the fate of informal settlements.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following criticalities were identified:\n\n1. Demolition processes: While Syrian laws and municipal rules require the demolition to be\njustified by the structural conditions of the concerned building and the issuance of a\ndemolition permit, it has been reported that some buildings were demolished based on\ninsufficient evidence, while the owners and occupants were not always notified nor always\ngiven the opportunity to collect their important papers and belongings;\n2. Access to HLP and civil documentation: In many cases, people were lacking their HLP and\ncivil documentation before the earthquake, while others lost or left behind their documents\nwhen fleeing danger. In addition, the earthquake has resulted in a large number of deaths\n(with some remaining as missing persons), which will require respective documentation for\nHLP to be passed on as inheritance.\n3. Informal Settlements: Many informal structures, which were already structurally\ncompromised, were destroyed or heavily damaged leaving their residents, who often lack HLP\nevidentiary documentation, more vulnerable and often without protection measures.\n\n**Response**\n\nCertain issues were tackled by the legal partners almost immediately after the earthquakes in the affected\nareas. For instance:\n\n~~-~~ since the earthquake, UNHCR and its partners have supported 6,320 people with legal counselling or\nassistance including on civil documentation and HLP issues, while\n\n~~-~~ legal advice on demolition procedures has been provided.\n\nThe humanitarian and development community has prepared a draft technical guidance on the following\noutstanding issues requiring comprehensive legislative reform:\n\n1. Regarding the legal framework governing natural disasters which has exposed broader,\nlong-standing and unresolved HLP issues.\n2. Regarding the HLP rights of informal residents which should be recognized and protected\nas per international standards and principles (namely, that informal residents should be\nallowed to register their tenure status in the cadastral system and claim their HLP rights to be\nable to apply for rehabilitation/construction permits as necessary to repair/reconstruct their\nproperties following sound structural designs and good implementation practices).\n3. Regarding ongoing inspections and demolitions, humanitarian partners have been\nemphasizing that clear mechanisms in relation to the alternatives available to affected\npopulations need to be provided when houses are demolished or classified as unsafe\n(especially those in the illegal settlements). Clear legal procedures and mechanisms are\nrequired regarding demolition procedures detailing issues such as structural assessment,\nregistration of owners and occupants, and demolition permits including notification of the\naffected persons to allow them to collect their personal belongings including their important\ndocuments.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0fbf0ceb-9bc9-4a16-92fb-c28ac85f31e6/Response%20to%20key%20emerging%20protection%20concerns%20-February%20earthquake%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_617/raw/doc_617_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_617/raw/doc_617_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 055d0364e33a816d56d91bc3b3e11509ab18af8b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_617/raw/doc_617_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,343 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### ESTUDIO DE MERCADO LABORAL CON FOCO EN LA POBLACI\u00d3N REFUGIADA Y MIGRANTE VENEZOLANA Y COLOMBIANOS RETORNADOS EN LAS CIUDADES DE RIOHACHA, BUCARAMANGA, CALI, C\u00daCUTA, BOGOT\u00c1, BARRANQUILLA Y MEDELL\u00cdN\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Estudio de mercado laboral con foco en la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante venezolana y colombianos retornados en las ciudades de Riohacha, Bucaramanga, Cali, C\u00facuta, Bogot\u00e1, Barranquilla y Medell\u00edn. Edici\u00f3n N\u00b0 1 Mayo de 2022\n\nAlto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) Colombia\nwww.acnur.org/\n\n\nMireille Girard\nRepresentante del ACNUR en Colombia\n\n\nEquipo t\u00e9cnico ACNUR\n\n\nMichael Lerner\nOficial Senior de Desarrollo del ACNUR para las Am\u00e9ricas\n\n\nCarlos Santiago Guzm\u00e1n\nEconomista Asociado del ACNUR en Colombia\n\n\nJuan Miguel Cort\u00e9s\nAsociado Medios de Vida e Inclusi\u00f3n Socioecon\u00f3mica del ACNUR en Colombia\n\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM)\nwww.colombia.iom.int\n\n\nMisi\u00f3n en Colombia\n\nAna Dur\u00e1n-Salvatierra\nJefe de Misi\u00f3n\n\nAlessia Schiavon\nJefe de Misi\u00f3n Adjunta\n\nRigoberto Mesa\nCoordinador del Programa de Emergencia & Estabilizaci\u00f3n\n\n\nEquipo t\u00e9cnico OIM\n\n\nIv\u00e1n Jim\u00e9nez\nChief of Party -CSA- Programa Emergencia & Estabilizaci\u00f3n E&ES\n\n\nGlenda Mar\u00eda Fernanda Lozano Espitia\nEspecialista Senior en Inclusi\u00f3n Social y Econ\u00f3mica\n\n\nJorge Gabriel Pinz\u00f3n Pinz\u00f3n\nEspecialista en Generaci\u00f3n de Ingresos\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) Colombia\nwww.ilo.org/global/lang--es/index.htm\n\n\n\u00cdtalo Cardona\nDirector de la Oficina de la OIT para los Pa\u00edses Andinos\n\n\nEquipo t\u00e9cnico OIT\n\n\nDayra Alejandra P\u00e1ez Gil\nCoordinadora de Proyecto \u201cGobernabilidad de las Migraciones Mejorada en Colombia para\nPromover Empleos y Trabajo Decente\u201d\n\n\nDonna Catalina Cabrera Serrano\nOficial Nacional de Proyecto \u201cGobernabilidad de las Migraciones Mejorada en Colombia para\nPromover Empleos y Trabajo Decente\u201d\n\n\nCentro de Investigaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Social - FEDESARROLLO\nwww.fedesarrollo.org.co/\n\n\nJairo N\u00fa\u00f1ez M\u00e9ndez\nDirector\n\n\nCristina Fern\u00e1ndez\nExperta Mercado de Trabajo\n\n\nDavid Forero\nExperto en educaci\u00f3n\n\n\nMar\u00eda del Pilar Ruiz\nExperta Cualitativa\n\n\n\u00a9 Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR); Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para\nlas Migraciones (OIM); Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), 2022\n\n\nISBN: 978-958-5192-14-0\n\n\nDiagramado por: Jhoana Rodr\u00edguez - OIM\n\n\nEsta publicaci\u00f3n es posible gracias al generoso apoyo de Citi Foundation, Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas\npara los Refugiados (ACNUR), de la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) y de la\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). Los contenidos son responsabilidad de la Fundaci\u00f3n para la\nEducaci\u00f3n Superior y el Desarrollo (Fedesarrollo) y no necesariamente reflejan las opiniones de Citi\nFoundation, Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR), de la Organizaci\u00f3n\nInternacional para las Migraciones (OIM) o de la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo (OIT).\nQuedan reservados todos los derechos. La presente publicaci\u00f3n no podr\u00e1 ser reproducida \u00edntegra o\nparcialmente, ni archivada o transmitida por ning\u00fan medio (ya sea electr\u00f3nico, mec\u00e1nico, fotocopiado,\ngrabado u otro), sin la autorizaci\u00f3n previa del editor.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# CONTENIDO\n\nAcr\u00f3nimos y abreviaturas\n\n\nIntroducci\u00f3n\n\n\nI. An\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela\n\n\nII. Demanda de empleo para los trabajadores provenientes de Venezuela (TPV)\n\n\nIII. Oferta laboral\n\n\nA. Georreferenciaci\u00f3n de la oferta educativa\n\n\nB. Identificaci\u00f3n de programas relevantes\n\n\nC. An\u00e1lisis curricular y por competencias\n\n\nD. Desempe\u00f1o laboral\n\n\nE. Trayectorias laborales\n\n\nF. Certificaci\u00f3n de competencias\n\n\nIV. Brechas de capital humano\n\n\nA. Brechas de cantidad\n\n\nB. Brechas de pertinencia\n\n\nC. Brechas de calidad\n\n\nV. Recomendaciones\n\n\nReferencias\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n6\n\n\n7\n\n\n9\n\n\n11\n\n\n12\n\n\n12\n\n\n13\n\n\n13\n\n\n14\n\n\n15\n\n\n16\n\n\n16\n\n\n16\n\n\n17\n\n\n19\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### ACR\u00d3NIMOS Y ABREVIATURAS\n\n\n\nACNUR\n\n\nCONACES\n\n\nECH\n\n\nESE\n\n\nDANE\n\n\nDNP\n\n\nFTDH\n\n\nGEIH\n\n\nGF\n\n\nIETDH\n\n\nIES\n\n\nMEN\n\n\nNBC\n\n\nOIM\n\n\nOIT\n\n\nPEA\n\n\nPET\n\n\nPEPFF\n\n\nPPV\n\n\nRUTEC\n\n\nSENA\n\n\nSISE\n\n\nSIET\n\n\nSNT\n\n\nSNIES\n\n\nSPE\n\n\nTIC\n\n\nTPV\n\n\n\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados\n\nComisi\u00f3n Intersectorial para el Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior\n\n\nEncuesta Continua de Hogares\n\nEntrevistas semiestructura\n\n\nDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de Estad\u00edstica\n\n\nDepartamento Nacional de Planeaci\u00f3n\n\n\nFormaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y Desarrollo Humano\n\nGran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares\n\n\nGrupos focales\n\n\nInstituciones de Educaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo Humano\n\n\nInstituciones de Educaci\u00f3n Superior\n\n\nMinisterio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional\n\n\nN\u00facleo b\u00e1sico de conocimiento\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones\n\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional para el Trabajo\n\n\nPoblaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3micamente activa\n\n\nPoblaci\u00f3n en edad de trabajar\n\n\nPermiso Especial de Permanencia para el Fomento de la Formalizaci\u00f3n\n\n\nPoblaci\u00f3n o pobladores proveniente(s) de Venezuela\n\n\nRegistro \u00danico de Trabajadores Extranjeros en Colombia\n\n\nServicio Nacional de Aprendizaje\n\n\nSistema de Informaci\u00f3n del Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo\n\n\nSistema de Informaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo Humano\n\n\nSistema Nacional de Formaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo\n\n\nSistema Nacional de Informaci\u00f3n de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior\n\n\nSistema P\u00fablico de Empleo\n\nTecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones\n\n\nTrabajadores provenientes de Venezuela y refugiados\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### INTRODUCCI\u00d3N\n\nEn octubre de 2019, Migraci\u00f3n Colombia contabilizaba un total de\n1.630.903 nacionales venezolanos en el pa\u00eds, de los cuales 719.189 ten\u00edan\nsu situaci\u00f3n administrativa regularizada y 911.714 estaban en\nsituaci\u00f3n irregular. Esta poblaci\u00f3n, especialmente la que se encuentra\nen situaci\u00f3n irregular, demanda oportunidades de empleo y sustento\necon\u00f3mico. Por ello, la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las\nMigraciones (OIM), Citi Foundation y la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del\nTrabajo (OIT) contrataron a la Fundaci\u00f3n para la Educaci\u00f3n Superior y el\nDesarrollo (Fedesarrollo) para realizar un estudio que clarificara el\nestado y las posibles tendencias del mercado laboral en los\ndepartamentos colombianos de La Guajira, Santander, Valle del\nCauca, Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca y Atl\u00e1ntico. Simult\u00e1neamente,\nla oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los\nRefugiados (ACNUR) se vincul\u00f3 a la iniciativa, financiando el estudio para el\ndepartamento de Antioquia.\n\n\nCon los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n se pretende direccionar\nlos programas y proyectos para la integraci\u00f3n laboral de la\npoblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela (PPV), entre ellos refugiados,\nmigrantes y retornados, en cada territorio. Adicionalmente, este\nan\u00e1lisis servir\u00e1 de insumo a los gobiernos locales para la construcci\u00f3n de\npol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y a la cooperaci\u00f3n internacional para el dise\u00f1o de\nprogramas y proyectos, reconociendo que el capital humano migrante\nes uno de los motores para el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico y social de los\nterritorios.\n\n\nEn principio, se reconoce que las brechas entre la oferta y la demanda de\ncapital humano en el mercado laboral se traducen en barreras de acceso,\ntanto para la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante, refugiada o retornada,\ncomo para la poblaci\u00f3n receptora, en este caso la colombiana, cuyas\nconsecuencias son cuellos de botella en la competitividad, la\nproductividad y la empleabilidad. Aqu\u00ed intervienen obst\u00e1culos asociados a\nla falta de informaci\u00f3n sobre las vacantes por parte de los trabajadores y\nde las empresas, a lo que se suma la dificultad de encontrar personas con\nlas habilidades requeridas para los puestos de trabajo. No obstante, si\npersisten las vacantes aun cuando se involucran los mecanismos de\ncolocaci\u00f3n laboral y el sistema de formaci\u00f3n para el trabajo, ello se\ndebe a que la demanda de trabajo avanz\u00f3 m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidamente que la\noferta, y que, en consecuencia, se requieren acciones de formaci\u00f3n para\ncubrir dicho desfase.\n\n\nAs\u00ed, el estudio realizado por Fedesarrollo, cuyo Resumen Ejecutivo\nse presenta a continuaci\u00f3n, parti\u00f3 de un an\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n de la\npoblaci\u00f3n o pobladores proveniente(s) de Venezuela, en adelante - PPV y\nde los sectores econ\u00f3micos con mayores posibilidades de demandar mano\nde obra calificada y no calificada, considerando los procesos de\nautomatizaci\u00f3n de los procesos productivos y las consecuencias de la\nCOVID-19 sobre su desempe\u00f1o.\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nCon base en la selecci\u00f3n de los sectores m\u00e1s\ndin\u00e1micos, cuya metodolog\u00eda se expone en detalle\nen el Informe Final, se hizo un an\u00e1lisis de la oferta\nde mano de obra a partir de la oferta educativa\nde cada ciudad, para continuar con un an\u00e1lisis de\nlas brechas entre la demanda y la oferta en\nt\u00e9rminos de cantidad, calidad y pertinencia, y\nluego concluir con una serie de recomendaciones.\n\n\nLos an\u00e1lisis del orden cuantitativo y cualitativo de\nesta investigaci\u00f3n implicaron el procesamiento de\ngrandes bases de datos, como la Gran Encuesta\nIntegrada de Hogares (GEIH) del Departamento\nAdministrativo Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (DANE), la\nEncuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH), el Sistema\nde Informaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y el\nDesarrollo Humano (SIET) y el Sistema Nacional\nde Informaci\u00f3n de la Educaci\u00f3n Superior (SNIES),\nambos del Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional\n(MEN), el Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n del Servicio\nP\u00fablico de Empleo (SISE) y el Registro \u00danico de\nTrabajadores Extranjeros en Colombia (RUTEC),\nadministrado por el Ministerio del Trabajo. Es\nimportante se\u00f1alar que, adicionalmente,\nFedesarrollo llev\u00f3 a cabo una encuesta no\npresencial a 5.351 personas de la PPV, cuya\ninformaci\u00f3n, de primera mano, enriqueci\u00f3\nsignificativamente los resultados del estudio.\nAsimismo, es relevante el aporte del an\u00e1lisis\ncualitativo derivado de 32 entrevistas a\nprofundidad a PPV y 32 entrevistas\nsemiestructuradas a empresarios de los sectores\necon\u00f3micos l\u00edderes en cada territorio.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## I. AN\u00c1LISIS DE LA SITUACI\u00d3N DE LA POBLACI\u00d3N PROVENIENTE DE VENEZUELA\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos generales, de acuerdo con la Gran\nEncuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) del\nDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de\nEstad\u00edsticas, en 2019 la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de\nVenezuela (refugiados, migrantes y retornados) tiende\na ser joven, con un mayor nivel educativo al\npromedio colombiano y habita ciudades como\nBogot\u00e1, Barranquilla, Medell\u00edn, C\u00facuta, Cali,\nBucaramanga, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Valledupar y\nRiohacha, algunas de las cuales hacen parte de este\nestudio. Esta comparaci\u00f3n favorable para la PPV con\nla poblaci\u00f3n local, en t\u00e9rminos de edad, educaci\u00f3n y\nurbanizaci\u00f3n, sugiere que dicho proceso migratorio\ntiene el potencial de generar un mayor crecimiento\npara Colombia, si se aprovecha a cabalidad el mayor\nacervo de educaci\u00f3n y habilidades. Ello puede\nlograrse mediante un adecuado emparejamiento de\nesta nueva oferta laboral con la demanda del\nmercado laboral local. El presente estudio es un\nprimer paso en esta direcci\u00f3n.\n\n\nCon respecto a la inserci\u00f3n laboral de los\ntrabajadores provenientes de Venezuela y refugiados\n(TPV), numerosas investigaciones, como la\ndesarrollada por el Banco Mundial, Migraci\u00f3n desde\nVenezuela a Colombia. Washington, en 2018o de\nThe Diaspora Goldmine. Project Syndicate.\nHaussman (2015), entre otras* han concluido que el\nefecto de los refugiados y migrantes sobre el\ndesempleo no pasa de ser un asunto puramente\ncontable. Sin embargo, la evidencia sugiere algunos\nimpactos en la inactividad y en el nivel de\ninformalidad. En efecto, entre 2016 y 2019, casi 500\nmil refugiados y migrantes ingresaron al mercado\n\n\n7\n\n\n\nlaboral como trabajadores independientes\ninformales, y en particular como trabajadores por\ncuenta propia. Esa cifra redujo los ingresos mensuales\npercibidos por este grupo ocupacional, por debajo\ndel salario de reserva de los trabajadores locales, que\ntiende a ser superior al de los TPV, lo que puede\nexplicar, por lo menos parcialmente, la salida de m\u00e1s\nde 600 mil trabajadores locales de este grupo\nocupacional en el a\u00f1o 2019. Otros 400 mil TPV\ningresaron al mercado asalariado informal, que tiende\na ajustarse por cantidades, lo cual puede explicar el\naumento en 2019 de la tasa de informalidad entre los\ntrabajadores asalariados. Este an\u00e1lisis es coherente\ncon ejercicios econom\u00e9tricos realizados por el Banco\nde la Rep\u00fablica.\n\n\nCabe resaltar que la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha\ntenido efectos devastadores para el mercado laboral\ncolombiano en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o. Entre mayo y diciembre\nde 2020, la reducci\u00f3n anual de la tasa de\nparticipaci\u00f3n fue de 4 puntos porcentuales (pp), y el\nincremento anual de la tasa de desempleo fue de casi\n7 pp. En total se perdieron 2,8 millones de empleos.\nEstos resultados posiblemente son m\u00e1s dram\u00e1ticos,\nporque no incluyen el mes de abril del 2020, que fue\nla cima de la pandemia, en raz\u00f3n a que la informaci\u00f3n\nest\u00e1 incompleta. Asimismo, el promedio suaviza el\nefecto del trimestre mayo-julio, cuando las p\u00e9rdidas\nanuales de empleo se estimaron en 4,4 puntos\nporcentuales. En efecto, para el \u00faltimo semestre de\n2020 ya se hab\u00eda recuperado cerca del 70 % de estos\npuestos. No obstante, y como es natural, la\nrecuperaci\u00f3n de los trabajos asalariados ha sido m\u00e1s\nlenta que la de los trabajos por cuenta propia.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El panorama de la pandemia no ha sido m\u00e1s\nalentador para la PPV. En el periodo analizado (mayo\na diciembre de 2020), la tasa de participaci\u00f3n se\nredujo anualmente en 6 pp y la de desempleo se\nincrement\u00f3 en 6 pp. En definitiva, el n\u00famero de TPV\nocupados durante el a\u00f1o se redujo en 12 %, aunque\ntambi\u00e9n se observa el patr\u00f3n nacional de ca\u00edda m\u00e1s\nfuerte al principio de la pandemia, que se recupera al\nfinal del 2020. En particular, se observa una transici\u00f3n\nde trabajos asalariados informales a independientes\ninformales. De todas maneras, es importante anotar\nque no es suficiente el promedio de ocho meses para\nanalizar el efecto de la pandemia en los refugiados,\nmigrantes y retornados, no solo porque el n\u00famero\nde observaciones es limitado, sino adem\u00e1s porque\nexiste una gran volatilidad en los datos mensuales del\nDANE. Hacia el futuro, es de esperarse que las\nnuevas disposiciones que adopt\u00f3 el Gobierno\nnacional con respecto a los permisos de trabajo de\nlos TPV mejoren sus perspectivas laborales.\n\n\nDe otra parte, la distribuci\u00f3n de los TPV por ciudad\nse modific\u00f3 significativamente. En particular, el\nn\u00famero de TPV se redujo en Bogot\u00e1 y Barranquilla, y\naument\u00f3 en Medell\u00edn y Cali. A\u00fan resta por dilucidar si\nestos cambios son causa o consecuencia del\ncomportamiento del mercado laboral. De cualquier\nmodo, contablemente, el cambio en la poblaci\u00f3n en\nedad de trabajar (PET) explica por qu\u00e9 en Cali\naument\u00f3 la ocupaci\u00f3n de la PPV y en Medell\u00edn se\nredujo tan poco, a pesar del incremento en el\nn\u00famero de inactivos y de desempleados en estas dos\ncapitales. Lo anterior tambi\u00e9n relativiza las fuertes\nreducciones en la ocupaci\u00f3n de Bogot\u00e1 y\nBarranquilla. Con respecto a la distribuci\u00f3n por\ncategor\u00eda ocupacional, en las ciudades grandes el\ntrabajo de los TPV tiende a concentrarse en el\ntrabajo asalariado informal, mientras que en las\nciudades peque\u00f1as toma la forma de independiente\ninformal. Asimismo, durante la pandemia, las mayores\np\u00e9rdidas de empleo de la PPV se presentan en el\ntrabajo asalariado informal, en Cali y Medell\u00edn. Incluso,\nse observa un crecimiento anual en el trabajo\nindependiente informal. La gran excepci\u00f3n es C\u00facuta,\ndonde se perdi\u00f3 un gran n\u00famero de trabajos por\ncuenta propia para este grupo poblacional.\n\n\n\nOtro an\u00e1lisis que realiz\u00f3 este estudio fueron las\ntrayectorias laborales que han seguido los TPV. De\nacuerdo con los resultados, cuando los trabajadores\nprovenientes de Venezuela ingresan al mercado\nlaboral colombiano se concentran en las \u00e1reas de\ncomercio y ocupaciones elementales, y reducen sus\ningresos en t\u00e9rminos reales. Una vez establecidos en\nColombia, las trayectorias van torn\u00e1ndose m\u00e1s\npositivas: el abanico de sectores y ocupaciones se\ndiversifica un poco y los ingresos incrementan. Todo\nlo anterior se evidencia en el estudio, a pesar de que\nla medida de ocupaci\u00f3n actual utilizada se recolect\u00f3\ndurante el periodo de pandemia. De todas maneras,\nel emparejamiento entre habilidades y ocupaciones\na\u00fan dista de ser \u00f3ptimo y ocasiona p\u00e9rdidas en el\nproducto potencial, lo cual puede llegar a ser\npermanente si no se corrige en el corto plazo.\n\n\nUn grupo que incluye a empleados en la 1\nrestauraci\u00f3n, vendedores, personal cualificado en\nla agricultura, artesanos u operarios en la industria\nmanufacturera y la construcci\u00f3n, adem\u00e1s de\noperadores de instalaciones o maquinaria.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## II. DEMANDA DE EMPLEO PARA LOS TRABAJADORES PROVENIENTES DE VENEZUELA (TPV)\n\nEn esta secci\u00f3n se identifican las oportunidades\nlaborales dignas para los TPV, estableciendo la\ndemanda laboral presente y futura a la que se\nenfrentan. La tarea no es f\u00e1cil por tres razones: i) no\nexisten estimativos de la demanda de trabajo; ii) la\ndemanda de trabajo que enfrentan los refugiados,\nmigrantes y retornados no necesariamente\ncorresponde con la demanda potencial de estos\ntrabajadores porque existen fallas de informaci\u00f3n y\nbarreras legales y culturales que impiden el\naprovechamiento integral de las capacidades de estos\ntrabajadores y ocasionan que muchos de ellos sean\nempleados en actividades informales, asociadas a una\nmenor productividad; iii) la demanda actual de\ntrabajadores no tiene en cuenta factores como la\nautomatizaci\u00f3n de los procesos productivos o las\nconsecuencias de la COVID-19 en el mercado\nlaboral en el largo plazo, que evidentemente afectan\na la PPV.\n\n\n\nPara responder a estos inconvenientes se cre\u00f3 un\n\u00cdndice de Oportunidades Laborales dignas para los\nTPV, para cada una de las ciudades incluidas en el\nestudio (Barranquilla, Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn, Cali,\nBucaramanga, C\u00facuta y Riohacha), que tiene en\ncuenta los cinco \u00e1mbitos de an\u00e1lisis que se detallan a\ncontinuaci\u00f3n:\n\n- La generaci\u00f3n de empleo para los TPV y para el total\nde la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n- La participaci\u00f3n de los sectores en el PIB, su\ncrecimiento y su potencial de inversi\u00f3n.\n\n- El grado de formalidad del sector.\n\n- La susceptibilidad del sector de ser automatizado.\n\n- El impacto de la COVID-19 en el corto y mediano\nplazo.\n\n\nPara la agregaci\u00f3n de los indicadores se utiliz\u00f3 el\nm\u00e9todo de Componentes Principales, que permite\nreducir la dimensi\u00f3n de las variables explicativas sin\np\u00e9rdidas considerables de informaci\u00f3n. Este m\u00e9todo\ntiene la ventaja de que considera la asociaci\u00f3n entre\nvariables y, por lo tanto, impide que se sobrevalore la\ncontribuci\u00f3n de determinados aspectos del \u00cdndice que\ncontengan muchos indicadores.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RECUADRO 1\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos simples, el m\u00e9todo de Componentes Principales transforma una serie de variables originales en\nunas nuevas variables que se conocen como componentes principales. Cada componente principal es una\ncombinaci\u00f3n lineal de las variables originales, en el cual se extrae la mayor\u00eda de la variabilidad observada\nreduciendo la informaci\u00f3n redundante. Adicionalmente, los componentes principales se construyen seg\u00fan el\norden de importancia (en cuanto a la cantidad de informaci\u00f3n que recogen de la muestra) y son\nindependientes entre s\u00ed.\n\n\nUna manera f\u00e1cil de entender el procedimiento es a partir de la relaci\u00f3n entre dos variables, que se presentan\nen el Gr\u00e1fico R1A. Las variables 1 y 2 pueden reducirse a un componente principal 1 que es la l\u00ednea 1 (Gr\u00e1fico\nR1B). Este componente tiene dos caracter\u00edsticas: cobija la m\u00e1xima variaci\u00f3n entre puntos y tiene el m\u00ednimo\nerror (distancia del punto original al componente). Adicionalmente, los datos admiten la generaci\u00f3n de un\ncomponente principal 2, que es la segunda l\u00ednea en cobijar mayor variabilidad de los datos, que a su vez\nminimiza el error y es perpendicular a la l\u00ednea PC1 (Gr\u00e1fica R1C). La l\u00ednea PC1 puede explicar bastante bien el\ncomportamiento de los datos, pero si se le a\u00f1ade la informaci\u00f3n del componente 2, es posible reducir (o\neliminar en este caso de dos variables) el margen de error en la descripci\u00f3n de los datos. Esta metodolog\u00eda es\nparticularmente \u00fatil cuando se tiene una alta dimensionalidad en la explicaci\u00f3n de una variable.\n\n##### Gr\u00e1fica R1A Gr\u00e1fica R1B Gr\u00e1fica R1c\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAdicionalmente, es posible rotar estos componentes para obtener una mejor interpretaci\u00f3n anal\u00edtica. Para\nentender este concepto es \u00fatil observar el efecto del m\u00e9todo de Componentes Principales sobre informaci\u00f3n\nagrupada en 1 cl\u00faster (Gr\u00e1fica R2A), 2 cl\u00fasteres (Gr\u00e1fica R2B), 4 cl\u00fasteres (Gr\u00e1fica R2C) y 4 cl\u00fasteres rotados\n(Gr\u00e1fica R2C), donde los ejes se rotan para que cada una de las variables originales tenga la correlaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s\nalta posible con uno de los componentes y pr\u00f3ximas a cero con los restantes. De esta manera, se logra\nconcentrar la relaci\u00f3n que existe por grupo de variables en cada componente.\n\n\nA partir de esta metodolog\u00eda, se identificaron los cinco sectores con mayores oportunidades laborales en cada\nciudad y para cada nivel educativo que enfrentan los TPV, as\u00ed como las ocupaciones con una mayor demanda\nsostenible en cada uno de los sectores seleccionados. De acuerdo con los resultados, los sectores que ofrecen\nmayores posibilidades de empleo para los TPV son: 1) comercio, hoteles, restaurantes y transporte; 2)\nadministraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, educaci\u00f3n y salud; 3) actividades profesionales y servicios de administraci\u00f3n (para los\ntrabajadores sin educaci\u00f3n superior); 4) actividades profesionales administrativas (para trabajadores con\neducaci\u00f3n superior), y 5) actividades financieras (para los trabajadores con educaci\u00f3n superior).\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## III. OFERTA LABORAL\n\nEl objetivo de esta secci\u00f3n es brindar un an\u00e1lisis entre\nla oferta educativa junto con la demanda laboral\nexistente en las siete ciudades abordadas, acotando el\nestudio a los sectores identificados en la secci\u00f3n\nanterior como estrat\u00e9gicos para la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada\ny migrante proveniente de Venezuela. El an\u00e1lisis se\nllev\u00f3 a cabo de manera diferenciada para la oferta\neducativa de educaci\u00f3n superior (Instituciones\nde Educaci\u00f3n Superior - IES), que incluye los\nt\u00edtulos tradicionales de t\u00e9cnico profesional,\ntecn\u00f3logo y universitario, y la oferta educativa\nde formaci\u00f3n para el trabajo (Instituciones de\nFormaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo\nHumano - IETDH), con la que se captura la oferta\neducativa complementaria y no formal, como t\u00e9cnicos\nlaborales, diplomados, certificaciones y cursos\ncortos.\n\n\n\ntasa de vinculaci\u00f3n laboral (entendida como el\nporcentaje de egresados que se incorporan al\nmercado laboral formal al a\u00f1o siguiente de haberse\ngraduado) y el salario de enganche (la remuneraci\u00f3n\nque reciben los reci\u00e9n egresados en su primer\ntrabajo). La quinta parte, examina las certificaciones\nde competencia laboral, que no est\u00e1n asociadas a\nformaci\u00f3n alguna, sino que reconocen saberes\nadquiridos con anterioridad, raz\u00f3n por la que toman\nrelevancia para los trabajadores refugiados y\nmigrantes. Para ello se realiz\u00f3 una caracterizaci\u00f3n de\nlas \u00e1reas en donde los refugiados y migrantes est\u00e1n\ndemandando certificaciones de competencias, con\nbase en los datos proporcionados por el Servicio\nNacional de Aprendizaje (Sena).\n\n\n\nLa secci\u00f3n est\u00e1 compuesta por seis partes. En la realizaron tres ejercicios para la identificaci\u00f3n de\nprimera se hace una descripci\u00f3n de la oferta educativa brechas de capital humano. El primero fue la\nen las siete ciudades, tanto de IES como de IETDH, delimitaci\u00f3n de las brechas de cantidad, es decir,\npara lo cual se procedi\u00f3 a realizar la aquellas que permiten identificar l\ngeorreferenciaci\u00f3n de la oferta institucional mediante cuantitativos presentes en el mercado laboral\nherramientas de an\u00e1lisis de datos espaciales. Ya colombiano, y se identifican al comparar la cantidad\nubicada la oferta agregada para los sectores y de vacantes que se presentan en el Sistema de\nocupaciones estrat\u00e9gicas, en la segunda parte se Informaci\u00f3n del Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo (SISE) con\nidentifican los programas categorizados como la cantidad de egresados que se generan en un\nrelevantes para la oferta educativa, debido a que periodo para un sector y una ocupaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos.\ncuentan, por un lado, con altos niveles de egresados o El segundo ejercicio consisti\u00f3 en estimar las brechas\ncertificados y, por el otro, con gran cantidad de de pertinencia, entendidas como aquellas diferencias\nvacantes laborales para las salidas ocupacionales de en las competencias gen\u00e9ricas que demandan los\ncada sector econ\u00f3mico. empresarios y aquellas que son declaradas por la\n\n\n\nEn la tercera parte, se hace un an\u00e1lisis curricular de los\nprogramas seleccionados a trav\u00e9s de la valoraci\u00f3n de\nlas mallas curriculares, lo que permiti\u00f3 identificar las\ncompetencias b\u00e1sicas, blandas y digitales que estaba\nformando cada programa. Para el cuarto\ncomponente, se llev\u00f3 a cabo una evaluaci\u00f3n del\ndesempe\u00f1o de las carreras y \u00e1reas de conocimiento\nen el mercado laboral, partiendo de variables como la\n\n\n11\n\n\n\nLas primeras cuatro partes de esta secci\u00f3n de oferta\nlaboral sirven de insumo para la sexta, en la que se\nrealizaron tres ejercicios para la identificaci\u00f3n de\nbrechas de capital humano. El primero fue la\ndelimitaci\u00f3n de las brechas de cantidad, es decir,\naquellas que permiten identificar l os descalces\ncuantitativos presentes en el mercado laboral\ncolombiano, y se identifican al comparar la cantidad\nde vacantes que se presentan en el Sistema de\nInformaci\u00f3n del Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo (SISE) con\nla cantidad de egresados que se generan en un\nperiodo para un sector y una ocupaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos.\nEl segundo ejercicio consisti\u00f3 en estimar las brechas\nde pertinencia, entendidas como aquellas diferencias\nen las competencias gen\u00e9ricas que demandan los\nempresarios y aquellas que son declaradas por la\npoblaci\u00f3n proveniente de Venezuela. El tercer y\n\u00faltimo ejercicio fue la caracterizaci\u00f3n de brechas de\ncalidad, que busca contrastar las deficiencias en\ncompetencias gen\u00e9ricas expresadas por los\nempresarios en entrevistas con las competencias que\nla poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante proveniente\nde Venezuela report\u00f3 en las encuestas realizadas a\nnivel ciudad.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### A. Georreferenciaci\u00f3n de la oferta educativa\n\nEl an\u00e1lisis georreferenciado permiti\u00f3 identificar que la\nciudad de Bogot\u00e1 es la que m\u00e1s cuenta con programas\neducativos tanto para las IES como para las IETDH,\nmientras que Riohacha es la que muestra un d\u00e9ficit\nm\u00e1s pronunciado en este aspecto. En general, se\nencontr\u00f3 que la distribuci\u00f3n espacial de las IETDH\nevidencia una mayor concentraci\u00f3n hacia el centro\nurbano de las ciudades en comparaci\u00f3n con la oferta\nde IES, debido a que esta formaci\u00f3n contiene un\nn\u00famero menor de instituciones. En el an\u00e1lisis de\ndemanda social, entendida como la cantidad de\npersonas que deciden estudiar un programa\nespec\u00edfico, se encontr\u00f3 que el sector de\nadministraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, educaci\u00f3n y salud es el que\npresenta la mayor demanda social en las IES y en las\nIETDH, seguido usualmente por el sector de\nactividades profesionales, cient\u00edficas, t\u00e9cnicas y\nservicios administrativos, aunque en algunos casos es\nsuperado por la matr\u00edcula del sector de comercio,\nalojamiento, comida y transporte. En contraste, el\nsector de actividades inmobiliarias en IETDH no\npresenta oferta educativa en ninguna de las ciudades\npara las que fue seleccionado como estrat\u00e9gico. La\nindustria manufacturera es estrat\u00e9gico solamente para\nBogot\u00e1 en ambos tipos de formaci\u00f3n, mientras que el\nsector de actividades art\u00edsticas es estrat\u00e9gico solo\npara Cali cuando se trata de educaci\u00f3n superior.\n\n#### B. Identificaci\u00f3n de programas relevantes\n\n\nLa identificaci\u00f3n de los programas educativos\nrelevantes se hizo, para los sectores y ocupaciones\nestrat\u00e9gicas dentro de cada sector, a partir del\nn\u00famero de vacantes reportadas en el SPE para\naquellos programas con un alto n\u00famero de\ngraduados en las IES y de certificados en las IETDH.\nDe esta forma, los programas seleccionados se\nconsideran relevantes porque presentan tanto una\nalta demanda social como un perfil ocupacional\nclasificado dentro de las ocupaciones estrat\u00e9gicas\npara la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante proveniente\nde Venezuela. Bogot\u00e1 fue la \u00fanica ciudad en\ndonde fue posible identificar programas en\ntodos los sectores estrat\u00e9gicos para las IES, y\n\n\n\npara cuatro de los cinco sectores en el caso de\nlas IETDH. Ello evidencia el d\u00e9ficit en la oferta\neducativa a nivel regional para sectores relevantes\ndel mercado laboral, as\u00ed como la concentraci\u00f3n de\nla oferta en la capital del pa\u00eds. Lo anterior resalta\na\u00fan m\u00e1s al considerar que en las tres ciudades de\nestudio con el mayor n\u00famero de refugiados\ny migrantes venezolanos (C\u00facuta, Riohacha\ny Barranquilla) se hallaron programas\nrelevantes para el menor n\u00famero de\nsectores estrat\u00e9gicos, con programas en solo\ndos sectores (Actividades profesionales,\ncient\u00edficas, t\u00e9cnicas y servicios administrativos y\nAdministraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica y defensa, educaci\u00f3n y\natenci\u00f3n de la salud humana). A nivel general, se\nencontr\u00f3 que la oferta educativa relevante se\nconcentra en el sector de administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica,\neducaci\u00f3n y salud para las IES. Para las IETDH se\nconcentra en los sectores de comercio,\nalojamiento, comida y transporte y de actividades\nprofesionales, cient\u00edficas, t\u00e9cnicas y servicios\nadministrativos.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de ocupaciones, los programas\neducativos relevantes forman a sus\negresados principalmente en las ocupaciones de\nprofesionales, cient\u00edficos e intelectuales para las\nIES y en las ocupaciones de t\u00e9cnicos y\nprofesionales de nivel medio para las IETDH.\nEsta concentraci\u00f3n de los programas en un\ngrupo ocupacional significa que existen d\u00e9ficits\nen otras ocupaciones que fueron identificadas\ncomo estrat\u00e9gicas y por lo tanto es importante\nsuplir. Este es el caso de los trabajos de directores\ny gerentes para las IES y de labores\nelementales para las IETDH.\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### C. An\u00e1lisis curricular y por competencias\n\nEl an\u00e1lisis curricular y por competencias de los\nprogramas identificados como relevantes se hizo a\npartir de la informaci\u00f3n disponible en los sitios web\nde las instituciones educativas que imparten estos\nprogramas. Se clasificaron las competencias,\nentendidas como el conjunto de conocimientos,\nhabilidades y destrezas que le permiten al egresado\ndesarrollar labores profesionales con un alto\ndesempe\u00f1o, en cuatro grandes categor\u00edas. Estas son\nlas competencias b\u00e1sicas, las blandas o transversales,\nlas digitales y las t\u00e9cnicas o espec\u00edficas.\n\n\nLas competencias b\u00e1sicas son habilidades gen\u00e9ricas\nque permiten la adquisici\u00f3n y desarrollo de los otros\ntipos de competencias. Tales como las matem\u00e1ticas\naplicadas, conocimiento pr\u00e1ctico del ingl\u00e9s,\npensamiento cr\u00edtico y lectoescritura. En este an\u00e1lisis\nse identificaron las cuatro competencias b\u00e1sicas en los\ncurr\u00edculos de los programas de las IES, siendo la de\nconocimiento pr\u00e1ctico del ingl\u00e9s la m\u00e1s frecuente y la\nde pensamiento cr\u00edtico la menos frecuente; adem\u00e1s,\nmenos de la mitad de los programas cuentan con\nformaci\u00f3n en lectoescritura. A nivel de las IETDH,\nsolo se encontraron dos competencias b\u00e1sicas, las de\nmatem\u00e1ticas pr\u00e1cticas y la de ingl\u00e9s, siendo esta\n\u00faltima la m\u00e1s frecuente. Lo anterior evidencia la\nnecesidad de fortalecer los procesos de formaci\u00f3n de\nlos estudiantes en las \u00e1reas de lectoescritura y\npensamiento cr\u00edtico, particularmente a nivel de\nIETDH.\n\n\nEn relaci\u00f3n con las competencias blandas o\ntransversales, las cuales se definen como habilidades\ngen\u00e9ricas que no est\u00e1n ligadas a ninguna ocupaci\u00f3n o\n\u00e1rea de conocimiento y que facilitan el desarrollo\nprofesional, se identificaron 17 para los programas de\nlas IES. De estas, ninguna fue identificada en m\u00e1s de la\nmitad de los programas seleccionados y las m\u00e1s\ncomunes son las de comportamiento \u00e9tico y\nprofesional, buena comunicaci\u00f3n y habilidades de\ninvestigaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLas competencias menos frecuentes, y que\nposiblemente se deben fortalecer en algunas \u00e1reas de\nconocimiento, son las de administraci\u00f3n de recursos,\ncreatividad, organizaci\u00f3n de eventos y organizaci\u00f3n\ndocumental y archivo. Para las IETDH se identificaron\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n20 competencias blandas diferentes, siendo las de\nemprendimiento, comportamiento \u00e9tico y\nprofesional y atenci\u00f3n y servicio al cliente las m\u00e1s\ncomunes. Las competencias que son incluidas en el\nmenor n\u00famero de programas de estas instituciones\nson las de administraci\u00f3n de recursos, capacidad de\nescucha y empat\u00eda, control de calidad, dise\u00f1o y\nejecuci\u00f3n de proyectos, resoluci\u00f3n de conflictos y\norganizaci\u00f3n documental y archivo.\n\n\nLas competencias digitales son habilidades\nrelacionadas con el uso de las tecnolog\u00edas de la\ninformaci\u00f3n y la comunicaci\u00f3n (TIC) y otras\nherramientas digitales. En este an\u00e1lisis se identific\u00f3\nque en 34 de los 62 programas analizados para las IES\nse forma esta competencia, siendo los sectores de\nindustrias manufactureras y de actividades art\u00edsticas,\nentretenimiento y recreaci\u00f3n en los que esta\ncompetencia hace parte de los curr\u00edculos acad\u00e9micos\ncon menor frecuencia. En cambio, se encuentra con\nmayor frecuencia en el sector de comercio,\nalojamiento, comida y transporte en los programas\nanalizados para las IES. Por su parte, menos de la\nmitad de los programas de las IETDH (24 de 53)\nimparten esta competencia. En el sector que con\nmenor frecuencia los programas de las IETDH\nforman a sus egresados en el uso de las herramientas\ndigitales y TIC es el de administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica,\neducaci\u00f3n y salud, mientras que los programas del\nsector de industrias manufactureras son los que\nincluyen esta competencia en sus curr\u00edculos con\nmayor frecuencia.\n\n#### D. Desempe\u00f1o laboral\n\n\nEl an\u00e1lisis del desempe\u00f1o laboral pondera las\nfortalezas y falencias de la oferta educativa dentro del\ncontexto laboral de la ciudad. Este ejercicio cobra\nrelevancia en la medida que, en tiempos de\ndesaceleraci\u00f3n y crisis econ\u00f3mica como la generada\npor la COVID-19, es necesario reubicar los\ntrabajadores de sectores, ocupaciones y programas\nque presentan grandes cantidades de graduados hacia\naquellos que tengan una mejor perspectiva laboral en\nla forma de vinculaci\u00f3n y salario, y por tanto cuenten\ncon potencial para generar mayor movilidad social.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Este ejercicio resalta, adem\u00e1s, la necesidad de mejorar\nlos esfuerzos e iniciativas que incentiven la creaci\u00f3n de\nempleo y la retenci\u00f3n de la oferta laboral en los\nsectores y programas estrat\u00e9gicos que presentan no\nsolo los salarios de enganche promedio m\u00e1s bajos,\nsino tambi\u00e9n las tasas de vinculaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s inferiores de\nla muestra, fomentando en contraste la oferta\neducativa que supla la alta demanda por programas\nque exhiben altos niveles de vinculaci\u00f3n laboral y\nremuneraci\u00f3n salarial.\n\n\nEn este an\u00e1lisis, realizado solo para la oferta de\neducaci\u00f3n superior por limitaciones en los datos, se\nencuentra que el sector de comercio, alojamiento,\ncomida y transporte es el que presenta la mayor\ncantidad de graduados a nivel nacional, mientras que\nel sector de actividades art\u00edsticas y entretenimiento es\nel que menos graduados concentra. Esta informaci\u00f3n\nno es respaldada con los datos de vinculaci\u00f3n laboral\ny tasa de enganche, teniendo en cuenta que es el\nsector de actividades profesionales, cient\u00edficas,\nt\u00e9cnicas y servicios administrativos el que presenta el\nmayor salario de enganche promedio, mientras que el\nsector de actividades financieras y de seguros es el\nque tiene la mayor tasa de vinculaci\u00f3n laboral. Se\nobserv\u00f3, adicionalmente, que la dupla con la\nocupaci\u00f3n de profesionales, cient\u00edficos e intelectuales\nse encuentra en un estado de equilibrio donde la\noferta laboral est\u00e1 siendo atra\u00edda con un buen salario\ny, adem\u00e1s, tiene altos niveles de vinculaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn cuanto a las ciudades, para C\u00facuta el programa de\nIngenier\u00eda Civil es el que presenta las mejores\ncondiciones laborales, con una tasa de vinculaci\u00f3n del\n88,2 % y un salario de enganche promedio de $\n1.966.513. En Riohacha y Barranquilla se destaca la\nnecesidad de impulsar la demanda social por el\nprograma de Econom\u00eda, que presenta las mejores\ncondiciones laborales de la ciudad. En contraste, el\nprograma de Administraci\u00f3n de Empresas en\nBucaramanga tiene la menor cantidad de egresados y\nlas mejores condiciones laborales, lo cual indica que\npuede absorber una cantidad mayor de reci\u00e9n\negresados; asimismo, se resalta la creciente demanda\nsocial por programas relacionados con TIC, al contar\ncon un total de 2.668 graduados en dos programas en\nel a\u00f1o 2018, y la gran acogida que recibe el programa\nde la Maestr\u00eda en Gesti\u00f3n de la Tecnolog\u00eda Educativa,\ncon una tasa de vinculaci\u00f3n de 99,1 % y un salario de\n$ 3.913.294.\n\n\n\nPara Bogot\u00e1, se observaron casos como el del\nprograma de Tecnolog\u00eda en Contabilidad y Finanzas\nque, a pesar de presentar 2.273 graduados en el 2018,\nevidencia un bajo nivel de salario y de tasa de\nvinculaci\u00f3n, lo que evidencia la imposibilidad del\nmercado formal para absorber esta cantidad de\negresados. Por el contrario, existen ejemplos como el\nprograma de T\u00e9cnica Profesional Judicial, que atrae a la\noferta laboral a trav\u00e9s de un salario de enganche\nsuperior de $ 2.591.039 y una tasa de vinculaci\u00f3n del\n80 %, cifras favorables que no se ven reflejadas en el\nn\u00famero de personas que se grad\u00faan anualmente (38\negresados).\n\n\nPara Medell\u00edn, se encontr\u00f3 que el t\u00e9cnico profesional\nen Procesos Log\u00edsticos y de Comercio Exterior tiene\nuna tasa de vinculaci\u00f3n del 44,4 %, lo que implica que\nmenos de la mitad de los reci\u00e9n graduados logra\nvincularse a un empleo formal, y quienes lo hacen\nreciben un salario de enganche de $ 974.144. En\ncontraste, se presenta el caso de Ingenier\u00eda Financiera\ny de Negocios, que cuenta con una tasa de\nvinculaci\u00f3n del 91,6 % y un salario de enganche\nsuperior de $ 2.236.162, pero es el segundo programa\ncon menor n\u00famero de egresados (175 graduados)\nentre los nueve programas analizados que son para la\npoblaci\u00f3n en general, no exclusivamente para la PPV.\n\n#### E. Trayectorias laborales\n\n\nLa principal raz\u00f3n detr\u00e1s de la escasez de an\u00e1lisis de\nlas transiciones laborales es que en Colombia no\nexiste una encuesta de panel representativa; en\nparticular, la encuesta de hogares (GEIH) no\nentrevista a los mismos individuos a trav\u00e9s del tiempo.\nPara subsanar esta situaci\u00f3n, el presente trabajo\nrealiza tres ejercicios que parten de bases de datos\ndiferentes y proporcionan informaci\u00f3n\ncomplementaria para el an\u00e1lisis. El primer ejercicio es\nla utilizaci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda de Lasso (2011) que\nhace uso de la Encuesta de Hogares (GEIH) para\nanalizar el tr\u00e1nsito entre posiciones ocupacionales\n(asalariados, trabajadores independientes,\ndesempleados e inactivos), aproximando los flujos\nmediante la incorporaci\u00f3n de preguntas subyacentes;\nel segundo es la utilizaci\u00f3n del Sistema P\u00fablico de\nEmpleo para analizar los tr\u00e1nsitos entre sectores, y el\ntercero, es la utilizaci\u00f3n de la Encuesta realizada en\neste trabajo para analizar las transiciones de TPV\u2019s\nentre posiciones ocupacionales, estatus de formalidad\ne ingresos mensuales.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "De acuerdo con los resultados de este an\u00e1lisis,\ncuando los TPV ingresan al mercado laboral\ncolombiano se concentran en las \u00e1reas de comercio y\nocupaciones elementales, aumentan la probabilidad\nde ser informales y reducen sus ingresos en un 23 %\nen t\u00e9rminos reales. Una vez establecidos en\nColombia, las trayectorias tienden a ser m\u00e1s positivas:\nel abanico de sectores y ocupaciones se diversifica un\npoco, los ingresos incrementan en 6 % y aumentan las\ntransiciones a la formalidad; todo esto a pesar de que\nla medida de ocupaci\u00f3n actual utilizada se estim\u00f3\ndurante el periodo de pandemia. De todas maneras,\nel emparejamiento entre habilidades y ocupaciones\na\u00fan dista de ser \u00f3ptimo y ocasiona p\u00e9rdidas en el\nproducto potencial que pueden llegar a ser\npermanentes si no se corrigen r\u00e1pidamente.\n\n#### F. Certificaci\u00f3n de competencias\n\n\nLa certificaci\u00f3n de c ompetencias e s e l p roceso\nmediante el cual las instituciones acreditan los\nconocimientos adquiridos previamente por los\ntrabajadores en normas o reglamentos t\u00e9cnicos de\ncompetencias laborales, lo que facilita y fortalece la\ninserci\u00f3n laboral de trabajadores que tienen barreras\nde acceso al sistema educativo. El an\u00e1lisis del rol de las\ncertificaciones en las siete ciudades evidencia que no\nhay instituciones acreditadas para certificar\ncompetencias laborales en los departamentos de\nAtl\u00e1ntico y La Guajira, a excepci\u00f3n de tres centros en\nBarranquilla y uno en Riohacha con programas de\nformaci\u00f3n del SENA autorizados para certificar\ncompetencias. Adem\u00e1s, Bogot\u00e1 concentra la mayor\ncantidad de instituciones acreditadas (17 de 26). El\nSENA, organismo encargado de la normalizaci\u00f3n de\nlas competencias laborales, tiene 2.612 normas de\ncompetencia laboral vigentes, de las cuales 916 se han\nusado para certificar y evaluar competencias para la\npoblaci\u00f3n en general.\n\n\nEs importante resaltar que esta entidad concentra el\n95 % de las certificaciones a nivel nacional y la \u00fanica\ncon esta informaci\u00f3n sistematizada y con\ndesagregaci\u00f3n suficiente para analizar el\notorgamiento de certificaciones de competencias a la\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante. Especialmente\ndesde final de 2020, el SENA certifica\nvirtualmente en algunas normas de competencia\ny en estas convocatorias participan personas de\ntodos los departamentos.\n\n\n\nLa cantidad de personas certificadas provenientes de\nVenezuela ha ido incrementando en todas las\nciudades de estudio, a excepci\u00f3n de Bucaramanga.\nBogot\u00e1 y Medell\u00edn presentaron el mayor n\u00famero de\ncertificados en 2019, con 273 y 141,\nrespectivamente. En cambio, Riohacha, con solo 25,\ntuvo el menor n\u00famero de certificados en el mismo\na\u00f1o. C\u00facuta, con 75, y Bucaramanga, con 71,\npresentaron los mayores niveles de certificados\nprovenientes de Venezuela por centro de formaci\u00f3n.\nJunto con la ausencia de otras instituciones\ncertificadoras de competencias laborales, ello indica\nuna posible saturaci\u00f3n de los centros de certificaci\u00f3n\nexistentes.\n\n\nLos refugiados y migrantes provenientes de Venezuela\nse certifican principalmente en los sectores de\nactividades profesionales y servicios administrativos,\nde comercio, alojamiento, comida y transporte y en el\nsector de industrias manufactureras. A nivel de\nciudad, la mayor concentraci\u00f3n de certificados por\nsector se da en Bogot\u00e1 para los tres sectores de\nactividades art\u00edsticas y entretenimiento, de actividades\nprofesionales y de apoyo administrativo y de\nactividades financieras; en Medell\u00edn, para el sector de\ninformaci\u00f3n y comunicaciones; en C\u00facuta, para los\ntres sectores de administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, educaci\u00f3n y\nsalud, de explotaci\u00f3n de minas y canteras y de\nagricultura; en Riohacha, para los tres sectores de\nsuministro de electricidad, gas y agua, de industrias\nmanufactureras y de construcci\u00f3n, y en Bucaramanga,\npara el sector de comercio, alojamiento, comida y\ntransporte.\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## IV. BRECHAS DE CAPITAL HUMANO\n\nEn la determinaci\u00f3n de las brechas de capital humano\nse examinaron tres tipos de brechas: de cantidad, de\npertinencia y de calidad.\n\n#### A. Brechas de cantidad\n\n\nLas brechas de cantidad analizan la relaci\u00f3n entra la\ncantidad de vacantes laborales (demanda laboral) en\nuna dupla estrat\u00e9gica sector-ocupaci\u00f3n, junto con la\ncantidad de egresados (oferta laboral) en el a\u00f1o para\nlos programas relacionados con la dupla de estudio.\nEstas brechas permiten evidenciar los descalces en\nn\u00fameros entre demanda y oferta laboral. Dichos\ndesequilibrios se generan principalmente por dos\nrazones: i) la falta de oferta educativa activa en los\nsectores clasificados como estrat\u00e9gicos y ii) el\nproblema de coordinaci\u00f3n entre el sector productivo\ny la oferta educativa, en virtud de que se encontraron\nnumerosos casos de duplas estrat\u00e9gicas para las que\nexiste una cantidad importante de egresados, pero\nque no corresponden a las duplas en las que la\ndemanda laboral est\u00e1 requiriendo personal de manera\nm\u00e1s din\u00e1mica. Es importante recalcar que para este\nan\u00e1lisis solo se utiliz\u00f3 el n\u00famero de egresados\nregistrados por el SNIES en 2019 y el SIET en 2018;\nel uso del flujo anual de egresados implica que los\nc\u00e1lculos no incluyen aquellos trabajadores egresados\nde a\u00f1os anteriores, con convalidaciones de t\u00edtulos o\ncon certificaci\u00f3n de competencias, por lo que el\nejercicio se acota a un an\u00e1lisis de equilibrio parcial del\nmercado laboral.\nEl estudio permiti\u00f3 identificar que existen m\u00e1s duplas\nen d\u00e9ficit de oferta educativa que en sobreoferta, lo\nque indica que los principales esfuerzos deben\nrealizarse desde el fomento de la oferta educativa en\nlos sectores donde existen vacantes que no est\u00e1n\n\n\n\nsiendo suplidas. En las IES se identific\u00f3 el sector de\nactividades profesionales, cient\u00edficas, t\u00e9cnicas y\nservicios administrativos en C\u00facuta, Bogot\u00e1, Cali y\nMedell\u00edn como el que mayor cantidad de vacantes\npresenta, es decir, el que tiene mayores\noportunidades para absorber fuerza laboral. En\nRiohacha y Bucaramanga, este sector es el de\nadministraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, educaci\u00f3n y salud, y en\nBarranquilla, es el de comercio, alojamiento, comida y\ntransporte. Para las IETDH, los sectores con mayor\npotencial de recibir trabajadores, al encontrarse en\nd\u00e9ficit, son el sector de actividades profesionales,\ncient\u00edficas, t\u00e9cnicas y servicios administrativos para\nBarranquilla, Bucaramanga, Bogot\u00e1, Cali y Medell\u00edn, y\nel sector de comercio, alojamiento, comida y\ntransporte para C\u00facuta y Riohacha.\n\n#### B. Brechas de pertinencia\n\n\nLas brechas de pertinencia se pueden describir como\naquellos casos en los cuales las competencias en las\nque son formados los trabajadores por el sistema\neducativo no corresponden con las competencias\ndemandadas por el sector productivo. Las brechas de\npertinencia ocurren, entonces, cuando los\ntrabajadores que est\u00e1 formando la oferta educativa no\ncuentan con las competencias requeridas por la\ndemanda laboral, lo que se genera por dos causas: i)\ndebido a una desarticulaci\u00f3n entre el sector\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "productivo y el sistema educativo en el proceso de\nplaneaci\u00f3n educativa y el dise\u00f1o de programas, y ii)\npor la desarticulaci\u00f3n del sector productivo con la\netapa de formaci\u00f3n como tal, y la ausencia de\nprogramas de formaci\u00f3n dual que combinen entornos\neducativos con entornos de aprendizaje laborales.\n\n\nPara este ejercicio, se compararon las competencias\nque presentan los empresarios como requisitos en sus\nvacantes en la base del SISE con las competencias que\ndeclaran tener los refugiados y migrantes venezolanos\nen la encuesta realizada por Fedesarrollo. Se\ndefinieron ocho competencias para ser analizadas,\nbasadas en dicha encuesta, as\u00ed: ingl\u00e9s, digital y TIC,\nperseverancia, estabilidad emocional, sociabilidad,\namabilidad y cooperaci\u00f3n, apertura a experiencias y\nminuciosidad.\n\n\nDe esta forma, en cuanto a los resultados en t\u00e9rminos\nde brechas de pertinencia, se puede concluir que las\ncuatro competencias en las que se evidencian este\ntipo de brechas para los dos niveles educativos (IES,\nIETDH) son ingl\u00e9s, digital y TIC, sociabilidad y\nminuciosidad. A nivel de la oferta laboral de\nrefugiados, migrantes y retornados con educaci\u00f3n\nsuperior, la brecha de pertinencia que se identific\u00f3 con\nmayor frecuencia fue en la competencia de\nsociabilidad, presente en todas las ciudades. Para las\ncompetencias de idiomas y minuciosidad, se identific\u00f3\nuna brecha de pertinencia en seis de las siete ciudades.\nFinalmente, una brecha de pertinencia fue identificada\npara la competencia digital y TIC en seis ciudades de\nestudio exceptuando a C\u00facuta. Para los TPV sin\neducaci\u00f3n superior, las competencias de idiomas,\nsociabilidad y minuciosidad tienen brechas de\npertinencia en todas las ciudades, mientras que para la\ncompetencia digital y TIC se identific\u00f3 una brecha de\npertinencia en cinco de las siete ciudades (Riohacha,\nBarranquilla, Bucaramanga, Cali y Medell\u00edn).\n\n\nAl desagregar el an\u00e1lisis, se encontr\u00f3 que tres de las\ncuatro competencias con brechas de pertinencia\nfueron declaradas con mayor frecuencia por los\nencuestados con empleo que por los desempleados\ncon educaci\u00f3n superior, aunque la diferencia es\nrelativamente peque\u00f1a. De manera similar, para los\ntrabajadores sin educaci\u00f3n superior, las competencias\nde ingl\u00e9s y minuciosidad fueron declaradas en la\nencuesta m\u00e1s frecuentemente por los empleados que\npor los desempleados. Esto supone que tener estas\nhabilidades puede estar asociado y ser un factor\nimportante en la vinculaci\u00f3n de los refugiados y\n\n\n17\n\n\n\nmigrantes al mercado laboral, por lo que es necesario\nmejorar la oferta educativa en el cubrimiento de estas\ncompetencias, a trav\u00e9s de su inclusi\u00f3n como parte de\nlas mallas curriculares. Para la competencia digital y las\nTecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y la Comunicaci\u00f3n\n(TIC) no hay diferencia entre las respuestas de los\nempleados y los desempleados en ninguno de los\nniveles educativos.\n\n\nFinalmente, hay casos en los que es necesario analizar\ny tomar decisiones sobre esta informaci\u00f3n a nivel de\nsector y no para toda la ciudad, pues existen brechas\nde pertinencia significativas en sectores puntuales que\nno se ven en los resultados generales de las ciudades.\nEste es el caso, por ejemplo, de los d\u00e9ficits observados\npara la competencia de perseverancia en el sector de\nactividades inmobiliarias en C\u00facuta y para la\ncompetencia de amabilidad y cooperaci\u00f3n en los\nsectores de explotaci\u00f3n de minas y canteras en\nBarranquilla y administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, educaci\u00f3n y\nsalud en C\u00facuta.\n\n#### C. Brechas de calidad\n\n\nLas brechas de calidad permiten identificar la\ninsatisfacci\u00f3n de los empresarios en cuanto al nivel de\nlogro de las competencias gen\u00e9ricas y espec\u00edficas del\ncapital humano disponible. Es decir, mientras las\nbrechas de pertinencia eval\u00faan si las competencias en\nlas que forma el sistema educativo son las mismas que\nest\u00e1 demandando el sector productivo, las brechas de\ncalidad se refieren a la percepci\u00f3n por parte del\nempresariado de aquellas competencias en las que los\ntrabajadores s\u00ed son formados, pero que no llegan al\nnivel de suficiencia requerido por el sector\nproductivo. Las principales razones para la existencia\nde brechas de calidad son de car\u00e1cter estructural y\nest\u00e1n asociadas a la educaci\u00f3n preescolar, b\u00e1sica,\nmedia y terciaria, tales como la baja calidad de la\nplanta docente, el mal dise\u00f1o de ambientes de\naprendizaje, la falta de una pol\u00edtica integral de TIC, los\nbajos niveles de biling\u00fcismo en educaci\u00f3n, las falencias\ndel sistema de aseguramiento de la calidad de la\neducaci\u00f3n superior y de la FTDH, y las inequidades e\nineficiencias del esquema de financiaci\u00f3n de la\neducaci\u00f3n superior.\n\n\nPara este ejercicio se contrastaron las deficiencias en\ncompetencias gen\u00e9ricas expresadas por los\nempresarios en las entrevistas semiestructuradas con\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## V. RECOMENDACIONES\n\nA partir de todo el an\u00e1lisis del mercado laboral y la\noferta educativa relevante para los trabajadores\nprovenientes de Venezuela, es posible extraer algunas\nconclusiones y recomendaciones de pol\u00edtica que\nbuscan facilitar una vinculaci\u00f3n exitosa de estos\ntrabajadores al mercado laboral colombiano:\n\n\n1. En un entorno laboral cambiante como el actual, es\nclaro que la formaci\u00f3n de los trabajadores no puede\nlimitarse a su paso por el sistema educativo, dado que\nnecesitan actualizarse continuamente en las nuevas\ncompetencias que van surgiendo y que requiere el\nsector productivo. Esto plantea la urgencia de dise\u00f1ar\nun ecosistema de aprendizaje continuo, que le brinde\nalternativas a la poblaci\u00f3n trabajadora para aprender\nnuevas competencias despu\u00e9s de su ingreso al\nmercado laboral.\n\n\n2. Las pol\u00edticas que inciden en la oferta formativa\ndeben complementarse con programas de\nreconversi\u00f3n laboral en los casos en los que no se\npueda insertar a la poblaci\u00f3n con el perfil de llegada\nal pa\u00eds, que adem\u00e1s cuenten con un enfoque\ndiferenciado para garantizar la inclusi\u00f3n de los\ntrabajadores provenientes de Venezuela. El dise\u00f1o de\nprogramas que atiendan esta poblaci\u00f3n\nobjetivo-espec\u00edfica tambi\u00e9n se puede complementar\ncon pol\u00edticas que se manejen a nivel de cl\u00fasteres\ngeogr\u00e1ficos, y respondan a los sectores y ocupaciones\nrelevantes, al igual que las brechas de capital humano\nespec\u00edficas para cada ciudad.\n\n\n3. La ra\u00edz del problema de las brechas de capital\nhumano se presenta en el alto grado de desconexi\u00f3n\nentre las empresas del sector productivo y los\nprocesos de planificaci\u00f3n educativa, lo que conduce a\nque las empresas no encuentren el talento humano\nque buscan y que los trabajadores no puedan\nvincularse laboralmente de manera exitosa. El\nfortalecimiento del di\u00e1logo entre el sector productivo\ny el educativo es un paso fundamental para cerrar\nestas brechas y aumentar la productividad del tejido\nempresarial en Colombia.\n\n\n\n4. La articulaci\u00f3n entre la oferta educativa y el sector\nproductivo se debe hacer en torno a las grandes\nbrechas de capital humano que se identificaron para\nlas siete ciudades. La identificaci\u00f3n para cada ciudad\nde sectores y ocupaciones espec\u00edficas en las que se\nobservan d\u00e9ficits de trabajadores cualificados puede\nguiar la toma de decisiones sobre programas a nivel\nregional, que busquen vincular laboralmente a la\npoblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante proveniente de\nVenezuela.\n\n\n5. Una caracter\u00edstica evidente en todas las ciudades\nde estudio es la falta de oferta educativa activa en\nalgunos sectores y ocupaciones relevantes para los\ntrabajadores provenientes de Venezuela. En este\nsentido, medidas que incentiven la creaci\u00f3n o\nreactivaci\u00f3n de oferta educativa identificada como\nestrat\u00e9gica para la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante\nvenezolana y colombiana retornada puede ser una\nforma eficaz de mejorar las cifras de empleo y\nreducir las brechas de capital humano observadas.\nReconocer las barreras para acceder y culminar\nuna carrera de educaci\u00f3n superior en esta\npoblaci\u00f3n cobra la relevancia de los programas\nasociados a la formaci\u00f3n para el trabajo y las\ncapacitaciones por competencias dentro de las\nmedidas accionables por entidades multilaterales y\ngobiernos locales.\n\n\n6. Por \u00faltimo, en t\u00e9rminos de certificaci\u00f3n de\ncompetencias, existe un n\u00famero muy limitado de\ncentros de formaci\u00f3n del SENA y organismos\nacreditados para llevar a cabo este proceso, lo cual\ndificulta el acceso de poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y\nmigrante, y supone la saturaci\u00f3n de los centros y\norganismos autorizados. Adem\u00e1s, el SENA es la \u00fanica\nentidad que cuenta con un registro\nsistematizado de la certificaci\u00f3n de\ncompetencias, por lo que es necesario establecer una\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "red de organismos que faciliten este proceso de\nmanera sistematizada y con la capacidad de atender\nla demanda existente, en particular en las ciudades\nde Barranquilla, C\u00facuta y Riohacha. Una de las\nalternativas a este proceso es avanzar en la\ncertificaci\u00f3n de competencias de manera virtual\nque incluyan entre sus beneficiarios a poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada, migrante y retornada. El SENA ha\nadecuado la metodolog\u00eda para garantizar la calidad de\nmanera virtual, y por esta misma v\u00eda se pueden\nacoger personas ubicadas en diferentes partes del\nterritorio que cubran aquellas ciudades que\npresentan una baja oferta de dicho servicio.\nLos empresarios y la poblaci\u00f3n proveniente de\nVenezuela que fueron entrevistados en el marco de\neste estudio hicieron una serie de recomendaciones\nen diferentes aspectos que ata\u00f1en tanto al mercado\nlaboral como a la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante, las\ncuales se exponen a continuaci\u00f3n:\n\n\n1. Regularizaci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n\n\n\na. Tanto la PPV como los empresarios coincidieron en\nque es fundamental hacer esfuerzos serios y\ncontinuos dirigidos a la regularizaci\u00f3n de la PPV de\nforma sencilla y accesible, para facilitar la inserci\u00f3n en\nel mercado laboral de todas las personas que llegan\nde Venezuela.\n\n\n2. Apostilla y convalidaci\u00f3n de t\u00edtulos\n\n\na. Ante la dificultad \u2013y casi imposibilidad\u2013 de acceder\na tr\u00e1mites como la apostilla en Venezuela y realizar\ngestiones ante el Gobierno venezolano, se\nrecomienda acudir a agencias internacionales tales\ncomo la OIM, la OIT y ACNUR, para facilitar y\nagilizar los tr\u00e1mites de apostilla a los ciudadanos\nvenezolanos que lo soliciten. Si bien muchos\nmiembros de la PPV llegan a Colombia con sus\ndocumentos, les es imposible hacer los tr\u00e1mites de\nconvalidaci\u00f3n de los t\u00edtulos porque no cuentan con la\napostilla oficial. Una de las alternativas a este proceso\nes la de avanzar en procesos de certificaci\u00f3n de\ncompetencias de manera virtual, que incluyan entre\nsus beneficiarios a poblaci\u00f3n refugiada, migrante y\nretornada. El SENA ha adecuado el proceso para\ngarantizar la calidad de manera virtual, y por esta\nmisma v\u00eda se pueden acoger personas ubicadas en\ndiferentes partes del territorio que cubran aquellas\nciudades que presentan una baja oferta de dicho\nservicio.\n\n\n20\n\n\n\nb. Las barreras tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n asociadas a los altos\ncostos del proceso, la congesti\u00f3n por la aplicaci\u00f3n del\ncriterio de evaluaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica para la convalidaci\u00f3n\ny el documento de identidad que se admite para la\nsolicitud (PEP o pasaporte vigentes)\n\n\n3. Contrataci\u00f3n de PPV\n\n\na. Mejorar las estrategias de comunicaci\u00f3n en cuanto\na los requisitos de contrataci\u00f3n para la PPV y, de la\nmano con esto, revisar dichos requisitos para ampliar\nla posibilidad de acceso de la PPV a un trabajo formal\ny digno. En este sentido, existe una oportunidad en la\nimplementaci\u00f3n del Estatuto de Protecci\u00f3n Temporal\na venezolanos.\n\n\nb. Realizar capacitaciones en las empresas acerca de\nla contrataci\u00f3n de personas extranjeras, pues el\ndesconocimiento de estos temas dentro de las\nempresas puede consolidarse como una barrera de\nlos extranjeros para acceder a un empleo.\n\n\n4. Sistema financiero\n\n\na. Facilitar el acceso de los extranjeros, y en especial\nde la PPV, a cr\u00e9ditos bancarios.\n\n\n5. Educaci\u00f3n, capacitaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n\n\n\na. Crear estrategias de capacitaci\u00f3n para mejorar el\nacceso al mercado laboral de la PPV, posibilitando el\ncambio de trayectoria laboral para aquellas personas\nque no han podido conseguir un empleo en su \u00e1rea\nde experticia.\n\n\nb. Realizar capacitaciones en competencias duras\ndigitales para mejorar el aprendizaje en t\u00e9rminos\ntecnol\u00f3gicos, mediante aplicaciones como el paquete\nde Office, en especial el programa Excel.\n\n\nc. Generar un acercamiento entre instituciones\neducativas y empresas o entidades p\u00fablicas, para que\ndentro de las formaciones se incluyan temas con alta\ndemanda, como los identificados en el presente\nestudio (ver secci\u00f3n III). Es importante generar\nmecanismos para realizar pr\u00e1cticas empresariales.\n\n\nd. Mejorar la formaci\u00f3n en idiomas de bachilleres,\nt\u00e9cnicos, tecn\u00f3logos y profesionales, especialmente el\ningl\u00e9s.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "e. Reforzar la formaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica de la PPV, orientando\ndichas mejoras al fortalecimiento de competencias\nb\u00e1sicas como matem\u00e1ticas y lectoescritura.\n\n\nf. Garantizar el acceso de la PPV a las instituciones\neducativas de todos los niveles, mediante la apertura\nde cupos o la disminuci\u00f3n de los precios.\n\n\n6. Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo\n\n\na. Implementar una estrategia de acercamiento entre\nel Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo y aquellas personas que\nse encuentran en la b\u00fasqueda de empleo,\ngarantiz\u00e1ndoles un acompa\u00f1amiento real y efectivo\nen el proceso.\n\n\nb. Continuar con el acceso a los servicios prestados\npor el Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo.\n\n\nc. Dialogar con las empresas y las entidades que se\nencuentran en la b\u00fasqueda de talento humano para\natender oportunamente sus necesidades.\n\n\n7. Rutas de atenci\u00f3n para refugiados, migrantes y\nretornados\n\n\na. Establecer canales de atenci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n para\nque la PPV conozca sus derechos y las diferentes\nrutas institucionales mediante los cuales pueden\nformalizar su estad\u00eda en Colombia, para evitar que se\nencuentren en situaciones de peligro.\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### REFERENCIAS\n\n*Bahar, D. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A. Rozo, S. (2020). Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty\nProgram for Undocumented Refugees. IZA Institute of Labor Economics.\n\nBanco de Desarrollo de Am\u00e9rica Latina (CAF). (2013). RED 2013. Emprendimientos en Am\u00e9rica Latina.\nDesde la subsistencia hacia la transformaci\u00f3n productiva. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/168\n\nBanco Interamericano de Desarrollo. (2019). The future of work in Latin America and the Caribbean:\nEducation and health, the sectors of the future? http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001524\n\n*Banco Mundial. (2018). Migraci\u00f3n desde Venezuela a Colombia: impactos y estrategia de respuesta en el\ncorto y mediano plazo. Banco Mundial.\nhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30651/131472SP.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y\n\nBanco Mundial. (2019). World Development Report 2019. The changing nature of work.\nhttps://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018a), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de comunicaci\u00f3n\ngr\u00e1fica de Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22672\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018b), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de cuero,\ncalzado y marroquiner\u00eda de Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22676\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018c), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de energ\u00eda\nel\u00e9ctrica de Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22673\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018d), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de joyer\u00eda y\nbisuter\u00eda de Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22674\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018e), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de m\u00fasica de\nBogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22677\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018f), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de prendas de\nvestir de Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22678\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018g), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster de salud de\nBogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22679\n\nC\u00e1mara de Comercio de Bogot\u00e1, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) & Alcald\u00eda\nMayor de Bogot\u00e1. (2018h), Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano para el cl\u00faster l\u00e1cteo de\nBogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n. https://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/handle/11520/22675\n\nC\u00e1rdenas J. (2020a). Descriptive analysis of the vacancy database. Alianza EFI; Colombia Cient\u00edfica.\n\nC\u00e1rdenas J. (2020b). Possible uses of labor demand and supply information to reduce skill mismatches.\nAlianza EFI; Colombia Cient\u00edfica.\n\nC\u00e1rdenas, J., Guataqu\u00ed, J. C. & Monta\u00f1a, J. M. (2015). Metodolog\u00eda para el an\u00e1lisis de demanda laboral\nmediante datos de Internet: el caso colombiano. Revista de Econom\u00eda del Rosario, 18(1), 93-123.\nhttps://revistas.urosario.edu.co/index.php/economia/article/view/4583\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vacancy database", - "confidence": 0.9643179774284363, - "start": 545, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Identificaci\u00f3n y cierre de brechas de capital humano", - "confidence": 0.8766180276870728, - "start": 470, - "end": 478 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "C\u00e1rdenas J.", - "confidence": 0.9385449886322021, - "start": 534, - "end": 537 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bogot\u00e1 - regi\u00f3n", - "confidence": 0.5059195756912231, - "start": 529, - "end": 532 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "labor demand and supply information", - "confidence": 0.6540985703468323, - "start": 564, - "end": 569 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "C\u00e1rdenas J.", - "confidence": 0.7257504463195801, - "start": 534, - "end": 537 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.6854802966117859, - "start": 551, - "end": 552 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.58052659034729, - "start": 599, - "end": 600 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "datos de Internet", - "confidence": 0.8457978367805481, - "start": 610, - "end": 613 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "C\u00e1rdenas, J. & Montana, J. (2020). Efecto del Covid-19 sobre las ocupaciones de trabajadores en\nColombia. Alianza EFI; Colombia Cient\u00edfica.\n\nClemens, M., Huang, C., Graham, J. & Gough, K. (2018). Migration is what you make it: seven policy\ndecisions that turned challenges into opportunities. Center for Global Development.\nhttps://www.cgdev.org/publication/migration-what-you-make-it-seven-policy-decisions-turned-challenges-opport\nunities\n\nCreswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design. Choosing among five approaches. Sage.\n\nCreswell, J. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. SAGE.\n\nDe Mel, S., McKenzie, D. y Woodruff, C. (2008), Who are the microenterprise owners? Evidence from Sri\nLanka on Tokman versus De Soto [documento de discusi\u00f3n]. https://ftp.iza.org/dp3511.pdf\n\nDepartamento Nacional de Planeaci\u00f3n (DNP). (2018). Documento Conpes 3950. Estrategia para la\natenci\u00f3n de la migraci\u00f3n desde Venezuela.\nhttps://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%c3%b3micos/3950.pdf\n\nDNP. (2019). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022.\nhttps://www.dnp.gov.co/DNPN/Paginas/Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo.aspx\n\n*Fedesarrollo. (2019). Migraci\u00f3n venezolana a Colombia: caracter\u00edsticas y posibles impactos. Fedesarrollo;\nAcrip.\n\nFern\u00e1ndez, C. (2019). Empleo y emprendimiento en Bogot\u00e1. Fedesarrollo. http://hdl.handle.net/11445/3893\n\nFern\u00e1ndez C. (2018). Informalidad empresarial en Colombia. Fedesarrollo. http://hdl.handle.net/11445/3698\n\nFern\u00e1ndez, C. & Villar, L. (2016). A taxonomy of Colombia\u2019s informal labor market. Fedesarrollo.\nhttp://hdl.handle.net/11445/3304\n\nForero D., Saavedra V. & Fern\u00e1ndez C. (2020). El futuro de la educaci\u00f3n y el empleo. En Botero, R., et al.,\nFedesarrollo: 50 a\u00f1os de influencia en pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica. http://hdl.handle.net/11445/3988\n\nHarris, K., Kimson. A. & Schwedel. A. (2018). Labor 2030: The collision of demographics, automation and\ninequality. Bain and Company.\nhttps://www.bain.com/insights/labor-2030-the-collision-of-demographics-automation-and-inequality/\n\n*Haussman, R. (2015). The diaspora goldmine. The Jordan Times.\nhttps://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/ricardo-hausmann/diaspora-goldmine\n\nHidalgo, C. & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the\nNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(26). 10570-10575.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900943106\n\n*Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A. Adhvaryu, A. Anzola, C. \u00c1vila, O. Bonilla, L. Castro, J. Fl\u00f3rez, L. Grajales, A. Guar\u00edn, A. Hamann,\nF. Giraldo, D. Khanna, G. Lasso, F. Medina, C. Melo, L. M\u00e9ndez, J. Morales, L. Nyshadam, A. Ospina, J. Otero, A.\nPulido, J. Ramos, J. Ramos, M. Tamayo, J. Vel\u00e1squez, S. (2020). Migraci\u00f3n desde Venezuela en Colombia:\ncaracterizaci\u00f3n del fen\u00f3meno y an\u00e1lisis de los efectos macroecon\u00f3micos.\n\nLasso, F. (2011). La din\u00e1mica del desempleo urbano en Colombia, Borradores de Econom\u00eda, 667.\nhttps://www.banrep.gov.co/es/borrador-667\n\nLevy, R. & Murnane, J. (2003). The skill content of recent technological change: an empirical exploration.\nThe Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1279-1333.\n\nManpowerGroup. (2018). The Talent Shortage Survey. https://go.manpowergroup.com/talent-shortage\n\nMcKinsey Global Institute. (2017). Jobs lost, jobs gained: workforce transitions in a time of automation.\nhttps://mck.co/3zRGuvh\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "McKinsey Global Institute. (2018). Skills shift, automation and the future of the workforce.\nhttps://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/skill-shift-automation-and-the-future-of-the-workforce\n\nMcKinsey Global Institute. (2019). \u2018Tech for Good\u2019: Using technology to smooth disruption and improve well\nbeing.\nhttps://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/tech-for-good-using-technology-to-smooth-disruption\n-and-improve-well-being\n\nMinisterio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional (MEN). (2020). Contexto. Educaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo\nHumano.\nhttps://www.mineducacion.gov.co/portal/micrositios-superior/Educacion-para-el-Trabajo/Educacion-para-el-Trabajo\n-y-el-Desarrollo-Humano/236469:Contexto\n\nMinisterio del Trabajo. (2020). Formaci\u00f3n para el trabajo y vocacional.\nhttps://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/el-ministerio/reparacion-integral-victimas/formacion-para-el-trabajo-y-vocacional\n\nOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). The future of work. OECD\nEmployment Outlook 2019. https://www.oecd.org/employment/Employment-Outlook-2019-Highlight-EN.pdf\n\nPatton, M. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE.\n\nPosso, C. M. & Medina, C. A. (2015). Cambio t\u00e9cnico y polarizaci\u00f3n en el mercado laboral. El Trimestre\nEcon\u00f3mico, 85(338), 365-410. https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i338.349\n\n*Reina, M., Mesa, C. A. & Ram\u00edrez, T. (2018). Elementos para una pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica frente a la crisis de\nVenezuela. Fedesarrollo. http://hdl.handle.net/11445/3680\n\nRodr\u00edguez, G., Gil, J. & Garc\u00eda, E. (1999). M\u00e9todos de la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa. Aljibe.\n\n\n24\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fcb98f7-9af8-49bc-b31e-51d6b9964c94/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20mercado%20laboral%20y%20migraci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_618/raw/doc_618_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_618/raw/doc_618_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ccb8c0c99b3aac49553de869c44b5fceea46f5d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_618/raw/doc_618_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,307 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **Bara Tehsil/KHYBER AGENCY**\n\n# **IDP RETURN INTENTION SURVEY**\n\n**Tribes: Shalobar, Aka Khel, Kamar Khel, Malik Din Khel, Stori Khel**\n\n### **December 2014**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **SUMMARY**\n\nAs part of the returns planning matrix, the protection cluster was asked by the\nReturn Task Force (RTF) on 17 December 2014, to conduct a Return Intention\nSurvey (RIS) among the 5 tribes of the de-notified areas of Shalobar, Aka Khel,\nKamar Khel, Malik Din Khel and Stori Khel in the Bara Tehsil (Kajhoori Plain) of\nKhyber Agency.\n\n\nResponding to this request, and in line with the Return Standard Operating\nProcedures (SOPs) endorsed by the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) in\nFebruary 2012, but also in accordance with the \u201cReturn Policy Framework for\nIDP from FATA\u201d signed by FDMA in 2010 (Annex A), the Protection Cluster and\nits members agreed to conduct a series of consultations with the displaced\npopulation to capture their intentions and position vis-\u00e0-vis the announced\nreturn process.\n\nIt should be understood that the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement\nare clear on a government\u2019s responsibility to respond to the needs of IDPs\nduring displacement and in displacement until attaining durable solutions,\nincluding sustainable returns. However, a government may request assistance\nfrom the humanitarian community to assist and facilitate returns.\n\nFrom 22 \u2013 26 December 2014, enumerators from protection cluster members\nIOM-HComms, IVAP, BEST, EHSAR, PADO, PVDP and BPDO, interviewed 2217\nIDPs in Peshawar, Nowshera, Kohat and Jalozai camp.\n\n\nThis report presents the following main findings:\n\n#### DISPLACEMENT\n\n\n74% of displaced persons left their places of origin more than 18 months ago\nwhile 18% left during the last 6 months.\n\n\n#### Time of Displacement\n\n\n\n**Not**\n**responded,**\n\n\n\n**12-18**\n\n\n\n**6 -12**\n**Months,**\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The majority of the IDPs (95%) are living off camp with relatives and extended\nfamilies in Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda and Kohat while 5 % are living in\nJalozai camp.\n\n#### RETURN INTENTIONS\n\n\n54% of displaced persons indicated their intention to return to their places\nof origin while 38% of the IDPs [1] indicated that they do not intend to return\nwhile 4% of the respondents did not answer the question.\n\n\nThe three main reasons for the 38% of IDPs not wanting to return to their\nplaces of origin are: house destroyed or damaged (35%); safety\nissues/security concerns (17%) and lack of health services (11%). However,\nduring the debriefing with the enumerators, it was explained that many IDPs\nbelonging to the 38% indicated that \u2018they do not want to return as they were\nwaiting for any announcement from the government\u2019. This clearly shows a\nlack of information regarding the return process.\n\n\nThe survey revealed that the reasons for wanting to return of consulted IDPs\n(58% of the respondents), was largely because they feel \u2018that they have no\nother options/life in displacement is worse. 18% are going back because\n\n\n1 During an ad hoc HRT meeting on 31 December 2014, it was suggested that reasons for not wishing to return\nto Bara is most likely due to the better coping mechanisms found in the urban or semi-urban areas of\nPeshawar. Another reason put forward was the fact that \u2018Bara IDPs have lived in Peshawar and surrounding\nareas for a long time, before and after military operations\u2019.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9846469163894653, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7096699476242065, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bara", - "confidence": 0.5261998772621155, - "start": 256, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "consulted IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7459433674812317, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2018everybody else is going\u2019 while 7% and 6% respectively believe that the\nsituation is safe and conducive, and that it is a good time to rebuild their\nhouses\n\n\nAs for the dynamics of the return within the family, 95% of respondents stated\nthat they intend to return with the whole family. This seems to indicate that\nfamily separation/splitting will not be a common trend.\n\n## **1. Introduction**\n\n\n- During the past five years, the Pakistani army launched three military\n\noperations in Bara Tehsil (Khyber Agency) in 2009, 2011, and October 2014.\n\n- Bara has been notified in 2012 and since then it remained a conflict zone\n\n(not yet de-notified). During that period about 69,000 families were\ndisplaced, registered and verified by NADRA. Most of the registered Bara\nIDPs are staying in host communities in Peshawar and Nowshera, while a\nsmall number settled in Jalozai camp. However, due to the proximity of\nPeshawar, Nowshera and Jalozai to their area of origin in Bara, a significant\nnumber of the displaced families spontaneously returned to their places of\norigin between 2012 \u2013 2014. They kept on receiving their food rations,\ntravelling back and forth to Peshawar on a monthly basis in order to collect\ntheir rations. In addition, they also received NFI assistance.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - After the last military operation in October 2014, NADRA registered and\n\nverified 21,000 newly displaced families from Bara, making the total\nnumber of displaced families approximately 90,000.\n\n - During a Return Task Force meeting held on 17 December 2014 at the\n\nFDMA office, the Government announced the de-notification of 5 tribal\nareas namely Aka Khel, Kamar Khel, Malik Din khel, Shalobar, Stori Khel of\nBara Tehsil, Khyber Agency.\n\n - At the same time, the protection was tasked to conduct a return intention\n\nsurvey among IDPs from the 5 tribes.\n\n## **2. Methodology**\n\n\nA target sample of 2751 registered families was chosen for this quantitative\nReturn Intention Survey (RIS) which is approximately 5% of the total displaced\npopulation of Aka Khel, Kamar Khel, Malik Din Khel, Shalobar and Stori Khel.\nOut of this sample, 2217 IDPs were reached through telephone interviews and\nkey informants interviews.\n\nFrom 22 \u2013 26 December 2014, 2217 interviews were conducted with the Bara\ndisplaced population of Aka Khel, Kamar Khel, Malik Din Khel, Shalobar and\nStori Khel, both in Jalozai camp (5% of all interviews) as well as in host families\n(95%) in various locations in Peshawar, Kohat, Nowshera, and Charsadda\nDistricts. The below table shows the population per tribe and the number of\nrespondents reached:\n\nTABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF ASSESSED TRIBES AND NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS\n\n\n5\n\n\n|Intended RIS SAMPLE|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Tribe|Population|Percentage|sample|\n|Aka Khel|19473|36%|990|\n|Kamar Khel|7812|14%|385|\n|Malik Din Khel|15986|29%|798|\n|Shalobar|10637|19%|523|\n|Stori Khel|860|2%|55|\n|Total|54768|100%|2751|\n\n\n|RIS SAMPLE - REACHED|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Tribe|sample|Sample Reached|\n|Aka Khel|990|982|\n|Kamar Khel|385|323|\n|Malik Din Khel|798|492|\n|Shalobar|523|376|\n|Stori Khel|55|44|\n|Total|2751|2217|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "return intention\n\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.9537700414657593, - "start": 96, - "end": 99 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7831094861030579, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIS", - "confidence": 0.89769047498703, - "start": 131, - "end": 132 - }, - "author": { - "text": "protection", - "confidence": 0.6058925986289978, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5238410830497742, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.796168863773346, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Return Intention Survey (RIS) was conducted using a questionnaire (Annex\nC) which was slightly adapted to the current situation. Enumerators from six\nProtection Cluster members (IVAP, IOM-HComms, BEST, EHSAR, PADO, PVDP,\nBPDO) contributed to the exercise and were trained by the Protection Cluster\non the questionnaire as well as on basic principles of confidentiality, informed\nconsent and interviewing techniques. The debriefing with enumerators was\nconducted on 2 January 2015.\n\n## **3. Results**\n\n\nThis section presents the main findings of the survey.\n\n\n**a.** **Profile of the interviewed population and displacement timing**\n\n\nBased on the sample of 2117 persons, 89% of the respondents were male and\n11% were female.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.999323844909668, - "start": 1, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8651489615440369, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RIS", - "confidence": 0.9991891980171204, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5388906002044678, - "start": 28, - "end": 30 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6790210008621216, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b. Informed and voluntary nature of return**\n\nA series of questions were addressed to the Bara IDPs to ascertain the level of\ninformation that they possessed regarding their areas of origin/return, the\nneed for additional information and the decision-making process on which the\ndecision to return would be based.\n\nOf the 2117 respondents, 71% felt that they have enough information on their\nareas or origin/return. However, when asked about what type of information\nthe IDP families would need to have to make a fully informed decision, the vast\nmajority of the respondents (68%) cited the topic of \u201csafety and security in\nareas of origin\u201d, indicating that the stabilization of the area after the relatively\nrecent conflict still figures high in their concerns. 17% of the respondents\nindicated wishing to receive information on the situation of their houses; 9%\nstated that they wish to have a better knowledge on the situation and\navailability of water resources, health and education facilities currently\navailable in the area of origin and, finally, 4% of the consulted IDPs mentioned\nthe situation of livelihood and crops.\n\n\nIn terms of source of information, 41% of the respondents reported to receive\ninformation from other people who visited the area of origin/ return or who\nhave already returned and 24% of the consulted IDPs reported to have visited\nthe house in area of origin themselves. 12% of the consulted IDPs reported to\nreceive information from media; while 9% stated to have been informed by\nfamily members who have not visited yet the area, and 4% form other\nmembers of community, also not yet returned. 7% of the consulted IDPs cited\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8468170762062073, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government officials as their main source of information; and 1% from\nhumanitarian worker.\n\n\nRegarding the issue of \u201cGo and See visits\u201d, 40 % of the respondents stated that\nthese visits would be useful, 56% did not find them useful while 4% did not\nrespond. Amongst those IDPs who responded affirmatively, 80 % believed that\nthe \u201cGo and See\u201d visit should be conducted by community leaders, while 19 %\nentrusted the male heads of households.\n\n\nWhen asked about their knowledge on the return assistance package, more\nthan 81% of IDPs did not seem to be aware about the assistance that IDPs\ngenerally receive during and upon organised return processes. This might be\nrelated to the relatively sudden decision of the authorities to de-notify the\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "area and the not yet started information campaign conducted by the\nauthorities. 4% of the IDPs did not respond to this question.\n\nAmongst the 16% who affirmed to be aware of the return package, 37 % stated\nthat they had received this information from the political authorities, 21% from\nhumanitarian workers, 23% from community elders, and 12% from family\nmembers\n\n.\n\n\nSignalling a possible lack of awareness and information initiatives on the return\nprocess and the assistance, almost 58% of the consulted IDPs indicated to be\nunaware of any information campaigns conducted on the return process by\nthe authorities or by humanitarian workers.\n\nThere is also a clear perception that the decision to return is generally made by\nthe political authorities (51% of the respondents), 21% of the respondents\nstated that the decision is made by the community elders, while 17%\nresponded that family members make the decision. Camp management and\nhumanitarian workers were cited in almost negligible percentages and 8% did\nnot respond.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A significant percentage of consulted IDPs, 48%, feel that they do not actively\nparticipate in the decision making process. However, 30% **do** feel that they\nparticipate while 22% did not respond.\n\nIn terms of the voluntary character of the return, 88% of the respondents\naffirmed not to be under any pressure to return. Amongst the very few IDPs\n(3%) who signalled some form of pressure, 57% identified the political\nauthorities as the main source, 23 % cited the elders, while 11% of the IDPs\nbelieve that Jalozai camp will close or that assistance will stop.\n\n\n**c. Readiness to return and challenges**\nEven though 58% of respondents expressed their desire to return, the\nconsulted IDPs identified a varied range of challenges to restore their lives in\ntheir areas of origin in Bara Tehsil.\n\nThe biggest challenge presently foreseen by the IDPs is represented by the\ndestroyed/damaged houses (38% of respondents) [2] . This is by far the biggest\nproblem reported by the consulted IDPs from Bara. A range of other challenges\nfollowed, expressed with almost equal frequency: 11% mentioned\nsecurity/safety concerns while the lack of health facilities in the area (10% of\nthe respondents) followed by a lack of education services and land destroyed\n(7%) is also a challenge; while 6% of the consulted IDPs from Bara stated that\n\n\n2 The reasons for return mentioned on p.4 and the challenges to return mentioned on p.10 & 11 are two\ndifferent questions that the enumerators asked the IDPs. The options given to the IDPs, were the same. This is\nwhy there are different % for the options given under the different questions.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9100735187530518, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the lack of livelihood opportunities and lack of resources pose a challenge to\nreturn.\n\n\n**d. Alternative solutions to return**\nWhile it is apparent that return is the most preferred durable solution, out of\nthe 38% of IDPs who indicated of having no intentions to return, 14% prefer to\nre-settle somewhere else instead of their places of origin while 13% did not\nrespond to the question.\n\n## 4. Conclusion [3]\n\n\n58% of IDPs interviewed expressed the intention to return and by expressing\nthis preference, the vast majority of the IDPs do not seem to be under\npressure. It is also evident, however, that the challenging situation in the areas\nof displacement - largely in terms of assistance and coping mechanisms - bears\nweight on the decision. In addition, the expected challenges in return areas are\nsignificant; and access to information about the areas of origin, including on\navailable assistance, may need to be strengthened.\n\n\nFinally, given the dynamics of the military conflict and the current security\nsituation after the attack on the school in Peshawar, it is not surprising that the\nIDPs are concerned about the stability of the situation in areas of origin/return\n\n\n3 As this report is based on a sample, the statistics and figures might have varied if a larger segment of the IDP\npopulation was consulted.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and confidence should be built by the authorities, including with better\ninformation.\n\n\n**Main recommendations**\n\n - This Return Intention Survey (RIS) represents the start of a process of\n\nclose engagement with the Bara IDPs. Continuous consultations in areas\nof return will be of paramount importance. Authorities should continue\nto grant and enhance humanitarian access in areas of return to allow for\nan unhindered process of return and protection monitoring and\nconsultations with the affected population.\n\n - To inform the decision-making process, concrete action plans for the\n\nreturn process should be prepared and presented by the authorities. In\nthe case of Bara, authorities should systematically highlight how they\nintend to support the dignified and sustainable character of the return.\nThis is particularly relevant when considering the expected needs for\nrehabilitation activities.\n\n - Authorities\u2019 plans should include an analytical report on the current\n\nsituation in areas of return (security situation, status of infrastructures,\navailable services, names of the villages of return etc.) as well as the\nconcrete reconstruction/rehabilitation plans of the Government for the\nreturn areas, including indications on the interventions that the\nauthorities consider as priority to be possibly supported by the\nhumanitarian community.\n\n - Authorities, supported by HComms and HRT, should make available\n\ndetailed information to IDPs before the return process, in particular on\nthe security situation in areas of return, on the presence of the Military,\non the status of available services, on the reconstruction/ rehabilitation\nplans of the authorities, on the housing compensation process, on the\nprocess of return and the assistance offered.\n\n - The process of housing compensation to returning IDPs who had their\n\nshelter partially or completely destroyed by the military operation\nshould be strengthened, including with more information to the IDPs.\n\n - When the conditions of voluntary and safe character of the return\n\nprocess are satisfactorily assessed, the humanitarian community should\ncontinue to support the return process as the most preferred durable\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "solution, including with transport for in-camp IDPs, gender-sensitive\nreception facilities and initial reintegration packages (food).\n\n - Specific attention should be paid to those sectors highlighted as major\n\nchallenges by the returning IDPs. These sectors include housing,\nlivelihood, water, health and education services, but also interventions\nto improve the situation of persons with specific needs (children and\nwomen in psychological distress, persons with disabilities).\n\n - Humanitarian/ early recovery actors should be granted unimpeded\n\naccess to areas of return by the civil and military authorities to carry out\nand directly monitor project implementation.\n\nProtection Cluster\nDecember 2014\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex A\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a7ca1c42-7cb1-3db7-99b0-e1cdb7f29081/Return%20intention%20survey-Bara%202014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_619/raw/doc_619_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_619/raw/doc_619_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0637a088a01e8ddab3bf3fa98dbe804cbde1a0dc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_619/raw/doc_619_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -[] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_62/raw/doc_62_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_62/raw/doc_62_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ff2dc978c61427b2d4d319728d941002dde6c53..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_62/raw/doc_62_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u0421 24 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 2022 \u0433. \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 30 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\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b.|\n|---|---|\n|**$ 800,000**|**$ 800,000**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/82216be9-3819-4d1e-8a15-acbb0aaaf0c8/221010_RUS_RRP%20Recalibration%20-%20Ukraine%20-%20Belarus%20-%204-Pager.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_620/raw/doc_620_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_620/raw/doc_620_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 29906776a2b7b2f98e9e30f5d896dbab13e89792..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_620/raw/doc_620_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,411 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Report on the**\n\n\n# **Cash for** **Protection**\n\n\n# **Workshop** **Rome, Italy**\n\n\n### **29 \u2013 30 May 2023**\n\n\n\n**Funding provided by the United States Government**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Acknowledgements**\n\nplete list can be found in Annex I \u2013 under participating agencies. The aim of this workshop\n\nshared their experiences and lessons learnt, and to all those who co-facilitated the group\u2019s\nwork, and provided leadership and vision to progress on these pertinent topics.\n\n\nThis event was made possible, thanks to the commitment and generous contributions of the\nUnited States Government through the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (PRM)\nwho generously funded the Global Protection Cluster\u2019s Task Team Cash for Protection (TTC4P)\nto implement their activities, including organising this event.\n\n#### **Contents**\n\n\n**Workshop Objectives & Summary**\n\n\n**Summary of sessions**\n\n1) Overview of the Survey and Key Informant Interviews\n\n2) Cash for Protection Timeline\n\n**Annexes**\n\n3) Cash for Protection Definitions\n4) Donor Panel Discussion and Q&A Annex 1: Workshop Agenda\n5) AoR Marketplace Annex 2: Agency Participants\n6) Refugees and Cash and Protection (UNHCR) Annex 3: Key Informants\n7) Defining the Parameters of C4P Annex 4: Marketplace Materials\n8) Sticky Questions and Deep Dive Annex 5: Sticky Questions\n8. 1 MEAL\n8.2 Targeting\n8.3 Transfer values and design\n\n\n\n**Annexes**\n\nAnnex 1: Workshop Agenda\nAnnex 2: Agency Participants\nAnnex 3: Key Informants\nAnnex 4: Marketplace Materials\nAnnex 5: Sticky Questions\n\n\n\n**Next Steps and Ways Forward**\n\n\n\n\n_**- You can click on the relevant**_\n_**section to go directly there -**_\n\n\n###### **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7817015051841736, - "start": 144, - "end": 145 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6109746098518372, - "start": 144, - "end": 145 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.7965242862701416, - "start": 73, - "end": 75 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Workshop Objectives & Summary**\n\nThe aim of the C4P workshop was to bring together practitioners across different\norganisations and agencies working in cash and protection to share existing policies and\npractices, promote a joint understanding of what \u201ccash for protection\u201d entails, and outline\nminimum requirements and key approaches to promote globally and integrate into program\ndesign. The workshop focused to first, review the key guidance, policies, and experiences\non \u201ccash for protection\u201d (hereinafter C4P) and assess if they were sufficient to design\nC4P programs; and second, generate discussions on the specific activities and additional\nguidelines that were needed to clarify the different areas that are currently creating\nconfusion for the community of practice and support better implementation of C4P.\n\n\n**The specific objectives were:**\n\n1. To establish foundational knowledge of C4P progress and initiatives within\neach AoR and across key stakeholders.\n2. To reach a common agreement on the minimum requirements and key\napproaches for Cash for Protection.\n3. To agree on shared priorities and ways forward to promote key approaches\nand to advance C4P practice.\n\n\nThe first day prioritised sharing of key challenges, approaches, and policies as it pertains to\nCash for Protection globally. This was conducted through 1) a presentation of the survey\nand key informant interview findings conducted in preparation of the workshop, 2) a donor\npanel and question and answer session with DG ECHO, PRM and BHA, 3) a presentation from\nUNHCR to understand cash throughout the protection continuum in displacement contexts,\nparticularly in refugee contexts and 4) a marketplace, where AoRs shared the guidance\ndeveloped to date, key resources, and priorities.\n\n\nThe second day focused on unpacking cash for protection interventions and delved deeper\ninto the sticky areas and challenges that practitioners are facing at all stages of the project\ncycle. The workshop ended with a session dedicated to outlining next steps and ways\nforward, with agreement of the need for greater inter-agency collaboration, especially\n\n###### **3 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8964051604270935, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5115154981613159, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interview findings", - "confidence": 0.7743551135063171, - "start": 243, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "AoRs", - "confidence": 0.6476985216140747, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Summary of Sessions**\n\nIn order to inform the design and content of the workshop, key informant interviews (KIIs)\nand a survey were conducted. There were 18 respondents to the KIIs and 19 for the survey. Respondents represented a variety of practitioners with significant technical oversight\n\nand protection.\n\n\n**The main challenges highlighted in the KIIs and survey included:**\n\n - Unclear definition of what C4P is and what it is not.\n\n - Coordination between Cash and Protection colleagues (at Cluster/WG level as well\nas within agency/organisation at the field level)\n\n - How to target\n\n - How to determine transfer values\n\n#### **2) Cash for Protection Timeline**\n\n###### **4 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.9289725422859192, - "start": 21, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5136526823043823, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9399816989898682, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.857247531414032, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Cash for protection is an intervention whereby cash and voucher assistance (CVA)\nare used as the modalities to address individual, or household (HH)-level specifically\nidentified protection risks or needs.1\n\n - Consequently, cash for protection can be used in situations wherein an individual\nand/or HH is at risk of immediate harm, as well as in cases where individuals and/or\nHHs face identified protection concerns/violations/incidents that negatively impact\nwell-being but that are not necessarily time specific.\n\n - Cash for protection can be both a responsive and remedial action, meaning that it is\naimed at preventing, reducing, or mitigating exposure to identified protection risks,\nor limiting the effects of violations on victims/survivors.\n\n - The provision of cash for protection should not be intended to address generic socio-economic vulnerabilities. Rather, the provision of cash for protection is driven by\na causal link between a clearly identified protection risk/concern/violation and the\nanalysis of how the cash assistance provided will produce a specific and intended\nprotection outcome by preventing, reducing, or mitigating the risks identified within\na holistic protection programme/action plan (not as stand-alone cash).\n\n\nWhile all parties broadly agreed with this definition, challenges around operationalisation\nof the definition were being faced by practitioners, donors, and coordination bodies alike. In\nline with the key findings from the survey and KIIs, it was agreed in plenary that instead of\nendorsing a restrictive or limiting definition, the workshop and TTC4P would focus on devel\n\n**Figure 1: The protection continuum**\n\n\n**1.** _**[c4p_defniton_tpsheet_pic_0.pdf (globalprotectoncluster.org)](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/c4p_definition_tipsheet_pic_0.pdf)**_\n###### **5 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A strong sticking point that came out was the complexities and boundaries of mainstreaming,\nintegration, and standalone cash for protection interventions, with confusion arising around\ntargeting, protection outcomes and the interaction of two (or more) sectors to distinguish\nbetween mainstreaming, integration, and standalone C4P. All cash programming should have\nprotection mainstreamed at a minimum, and where possible, prioritise integration. Additionally, it was stressed that as the distinction between all of these is made more concrete in the\nC4P space, it is crucial that the significance and benefit of each is not lost. It is also important\nto acknowledge that C4P will target and reach a small subset of cash beneficiaries and it is\nimperative to promote the centrality of protection and a do no harm approach.\n\n\nThere was general acknowledgement that the potential that MPCA has on achieving protection outcomes should be examined, yet there is a need to maintain a distinction between protection integration. Protection integration involves incorporating protection objectives into\nthe programming of other sector specific responses to achieve protection outcomes. Integrated protection programming requires all humanitarian actors to commit, wherever feasible\nand appropriate, to protection objectives in the design of their activities. and the imperative\nto maintain protection central to humanitarian assistance. Protection integration can therefore support the system- wide commitment to the Centrality of Protection because it relies on\ndifferent actors (i.e. protection and non-protection) to work individually and together as part\nof a multisector humanitarian response.\n\n###### **6 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Currently **DG ECHO\u2019s** approach to cash for protection can be found in its Cash Transfer\npolicy (and more specifically \u201cAnnex 3 - Enhancing sectoral outcomes through cash and\nvoucher assistance\u201d).\n\n - **USAID/BHA\u2019s** guidance on the use of cash and vouchers in the protection sector can\nbe found in the Emergency Application Guidelines Sector Requirements. Project must\nmeet all protection sector requirements, and must address all components of either\nthe cash keyword or voucher keyword if cash or vouchers will be used in the protection\nsector.\n\n - **PRM** prioritises protection mainstreaming in all their interventions with partners,\nincluding in cash and voucher assistance. PRM and BHA published a Modality Decision\nTool to guide the selection of modality (cash, voucher, in-kind) for resource transfers\nand is modality-neutral, encouraging partners to use context-specific assessments to\ndetermine the best fit. The tool is not specifically designed for protection programming\nbut may be useful to reference.\n\n\nRegardless of the modality, the entry point for the design of any humanitarian protection\naction is a contextualised Protection Risk Analysis which identifies a specific protection risk to\nbe addressed. More and more donors see actions designed to address categorical vulnerabilities through cash transfers without any causal linkage between the vulnerability and the risk.\n**This does not qualify as cash for protection.**\n\n\nDonors are also open to integrated MPCA/Protection programming, as they believe the injection of MPCA has the potential to mitigate protection risks, and more specifically negative\ncoping mechanisms. However, this requires protection risk analysis, appropriate targeting\n(based on a holistic understanding of the intersection between socioeconomic vulnerabilities\nand protection risks), two-way referral systems between MPCA and protection assistance\n(and possibly graduation into livelihood programmes for sustainability), and systematic monitoring of protection outcomes.\n\n###### **7 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cash. It has become apparent that cash interventions were not commonly known in MA\nsector as the participants saw little relevance though it is true that MA focuses mainly on\nmine clearance and explosive ordnance risk education (EORE) which do not provide sufficient\nopportunities for cash interventions; however, through our conversations at the MA booth,\nwe have shared our experiences in using cash interventions effectively in places such as Syria\nand Mali where cash was used as part of the victim assistance projects, mainly providing cash\n(transportation cost) for the victims to receive necessary medical support, prosthetics, and\nlivelihood support. Cash interventions in the context of victim assistance was well understood\nby the participants as it showed strong relevance with other sectors through case management, GBV and CP etc.\nWe also shared potential areas where MA could collaborate with other sectors including having cash interventions linked to the productive use of the cleared land, providing cash assistance for relevant livelihood support to the affected communities such as building irrigation\nsystems, providing necessary equipment for agricultural activities to ensure productive use of\nthe land.\n\n\n**Child Protection**\n\nTwo main points were discussed at the CP booth: 1) A lot of guidance has been developed\nover the past few years on CVA and CP. Emphasis needs to be put on rolling-out the guidance\nat country level and increasing the awareness of country practitioners on the available guidance and tools, and when they should be used. A suggestion was given to create a compendium of CVA and CP resources which would provide a short description of each document\n(which already exists for GBV and would be useful to expand to include CP, MA, and HLP). 2)\nThe number of well-designed studies that report on the impact of CVA on child protection\noutcomes is still small and there is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the relationship between cash and child protection outcomes. A suggestion was given to develop a global\nresults framework on CVA and CP, accompanied by a bank of standard indicators that could\nbe used to measure the impact of CVA on CP outcomes. If all agencies implementing cash for\nCP projects could use and track the same indicators, it would then be possible to draw global\nfindings on the interlinkages between CVA and CP.\n\n\nIt was highlighted that some of the AoRs have specific guidance and expertise in the use of\ncash for protection, while others have been using this assistance within their respective agency\u2019s mandates. It was agreed that resources already endorsed by AORs and task teams would\nbe used as foundation to develop future tools and guidance notes for C4P. It was also agreed\nthat these resources need to be consolidated and organised in a way that they are easy to\nfind, share, and use. A matrix of tools, similar to the Minimum Standards for Market Analysis\n(MISMA) was suggested.\n###### **8 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "standard indicators", - "confidence": 0.551783561706543, - "start": 371, - "end": 373 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.8395334482192993, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR highlighted how a new Cash Policy, mandatory for the whole organisation and applicable to both refugee and IDP operations, is now following a \u201cwhy not cash\u201d approach. It was\nfurther stated how the new policy aims at increasing ownership of CBI amongst all UNHCR\npersonnel; at embedding cash in protection and solution strategies; at establishing a joint approach with partners and governments; and at including persons with and for whom UNHCR\nworks and partners in the design of the cash programs.\n\n\nIn general, UNHCR stressed that all its CBI, irrespective of their characteristics and denomination, have an ultimate and broad goal to increase protection outcomes/space and mitigate\nprotection risks.\n\n\nUNHCR further presented its conceptualisation of the relationship between cash and protection, highlighting three levels of correlation.\n\n\n**Mainstreaming protection and \u201cdo no harm\u201d elements into cash interventions:**\n\nThis was presented as the most generic and essential approach, encompassing all types of\nCBI. It entails (a) to prioritise safety and dignity, avoiding the exposure of CBI beneficiaries\nto protection risks through a protection risk analysis; (b) to ensure participation of displaced\ncommunities in the assessment of risk and appropriateness of CBI; (c) to secure meaningful\naccess to CBI recipients, including through adjusting delivery modalities (digital payments,\ncash in hand etc.); and (d) to ensure accountability via information, feedback and response\nmechanisms, including post-distribution monitoring.\n\n\n**Integrating protection components and approaches into Multi-purpose cash assis-**\n**tance:**\n\nThis was presented as a fundamental approach adopted by UNHCR in its CBI, which are currently mostly delivered at scale in the form of MPCA. While not exclusively designed to directly achieve protection objectives, and mainly designed to meet basic needs and to addressing poverty (socio-economic vulnerabilities), UNHCR stressed how \u2013 of properly designed\n\n- an integrated approach between cash and protection can strongly contribute to attaining\nprotection outcomes, largely by reducing the exposure of affected populations to harmful\nmechanisms they would resort to address their specific sectoral needs, which in turn usually\ngenerate protection risks, such as child marriage, child recruitment, prohibited forms of child\nlabour, sell and exchange of sex etc.\n\n###### **9 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This is corroborated by evidence gathered through post-distribution monitoring (PDM). This\napproach requires a constant cooperation between UNHCR cash and protection teams to integrate protection elements in cash for basic needs in several and mutually reinforcing ways:\nthrough robust eligibility assessment and targeting informed by protection-related elements\nsuch as specific protection profiles; through collaborative program design, particularly the\ndetermination of the Cash Transfer Value/ Minimum Expenditure Basket, and a consistent and\nagreed instalment plan; through adaptation of post-distribution monitoring (PDM) tools to\ncapture the effective impact of cash on the protection situation of the household or the community; and through associated opportunities through cash assessment, enrolment processes, and PDM to identify individuals at heightened protection risks to be referred to specialised\nprotection services.\n\n\n**Cash for protection:**\n\nIn line with many other participants, UNHCR defined also cash for protection as a form of\ncash assistance with the explicit and most immediate objective to support persons with and\nfor whom UNHCR works that are at high risk of experiencing violence, abuse, exploitation, coercion, deprivation, or that are survivors of a protection incident, are experiencing an emergency shock impacting on their safety and security, that can be addressed through adequate\nfinancial support. UNHCR confirmed how cash for protection does not have as a primary objective to help the recipient to meet basic needs. UNHCR highlighted how cash for protection\nwould be generally provided as a part of a targeted protection response and delivered as part\nof a case management approach where financial assistance is part of an overall preventive\nor remedial plan tailored to the specific protection needs of the individual. It will be followed\nup by a caseworker that will analyse how cash assistance can address the protection needs,\nanalyse barriers, plan with the individual how cash will be used, ensure that cash assistance is\nreceived and assess the impact.\nUNHCR added that another way of implementing cash for protection, adopted in several UNHCR operations, is through some forms of \u201cEmergency Cash Assistance\u201d, where cash is used\nto address an immediate protection shock or a sudden situation that can cause severe harm.\n\n\nGiven its characteristics, UNHCR concluded that Cash for protection is normally highly human\nresource-intensive and cannot be done at scale, but would normally target a limited number\nof beneficiaries with an eligibility system based on a \u201ccase-by-case\u201d adjudication and will likely need to be outsourced, given their very labour-intensive nature.\n\n\n**Figure 2: UNHCR\u2019s approach to Cash-Based Interventions**\n\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The intervention from UNHCR Cash and protection expert from headquarters was complemented by two in-depth interventions from field refugee operations, notably an insight into\nthe CBI and protection approach in UNHCR Americas Region and in UNHCR refugee operation\nin Lebanon.\n\n\n**UNHCR participants from the regional Bureau for the Americas provided a general overview**\n**on how CBI is integrated in their protection case management approach**, particularly in the\ncontext of the response to the Venezuela situation. Cash assistance is only provided to a fraction of cases based on an assessment and for short periods, while other assistance/ services/\nreferrals is provided to a wider range of persons that UNHCR supports. UNHCR Americas\nhighlighted how CBI can be an initial way for individuals and household to approach UNHCR\nto apply for the support, and therefore a way to provide a different range of protection services and other form of assistance even though the individual or household may not be found\neligible for cash based on an assessment of the individual or HH situation.\n\n\n**UNHCR Lebanon operation presented an overview on the current socio-economic situation**\n**of Syrian refugees in Lebanon**, with 2/3 of refugee households lacking the economic capacity\nto afford basic needs largely due to the sharp increased in the price of food items, and the\nconsequent harmful coping strategies regularly adopted and generating a variety of protection risks. UNHCR Lebanon then presented the current status of its Protection Cash Assistance\nprogram, which complements the MPCA done at scale.\n\n\n**The Protection Cash Assistance program was launched in 2016 as a case management tool**\n**for refugees facing protection risks or having experienced protection incidents** (largely GBV,\nCP incidents or evictions and homelessness). It was then broadened in 2017 to complement\nMPCA and include support to refugees with specific vulnerabilities that could expose them to\nhigher risk (HoH with serious medical condition, disability or mental illness, older persons at\nrisk, unaccompanied and separated children, LGBTIQ+ individuals at risk).\n\n\n**UNHCR Lebanon highlighted the main process in implementing Protection Cash Assistance**,\nthrough (a) the identification of protection risks, incidents and specific needs by UNHCR or\npartner staff, inter-agency referrals, Outreach Volunteers, and community-based structures;\n(b) the assessment by dedicated case management partner staff; (c) the adjudication by a\nmulti-functional panel at UNHCR; (d) the follow-up by dedicated case management partner\nstaff; (e ) the discontinuation after 3-12 months (based on the panel recommendation). Finally, UNHCR Lebanon presented some of the main results of the post-distribution monitoring,\nhighlighting the largely positive impact of its Protection Cash Assistance program.\n\n###### **11 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CVA is a modality that sits within a given sector(s), C4P must follow the guidance and sit within the Protection sector.\n\n\nThere was widespread agreement that referrals between CVA and Protection and targeting on\nsocio-economic vulnerability alone fall outside the umbrella of C4P.\n\n\nHowever, if vulnerabilities, or basic needs (including accessing services), were caused by an\nindividual protection risk and the cash intervention is specifically seeking to address this risk\nthen it would fall within C4P. It is important to note that targeted C4P programming is different to integrated programming in that it must target specific individual needs. For example, if\nan entire community is at risk and requires cash assistance, this would not be considered C4P\nand would be expected to be integrated into the eligibility criteria of CVA programming. However, if an individual has been assessed and requires specific basic needs to achieve a Protection outcome, this would constitute C4P - examples of this may include financial support to\naccess a referral (ex. legal, health), emergency rental or shelter payments for a GBV survivor,\naccess to clothes, a mattress, food for an unaccompanied child, etc.\n\n\nAdditionally, it was agreed that cash integrated in case management, where cash assistance is\nintegrated into the case plan to achieve the objectives of the case plan, also falls within C4P.\nIt was stressed throughout the workshop that C4P is to be delivered by protection actors, to\naddress a specific protection risk, and requires substantive protection staff support and follow\nup. However it was also raised that when cash is to be disbursed to many victims/survivors, it\nmight be too cumbersome for case workers, especially in low-resourced areas and therefore\ncould result in reduced quality of case management.\n\n###### **Cash for Protection**\n\n- **Intentional, with clear protection objectives**\n\n\n\n\n- **Requires a risk analysis, targeted interven-**\n**tions to respond to immediate protection**\n**risks, and close monitoring**\n\n- **at the individual level/an individualised ap-**\n**proach, C4P looks at an individual\u2019s risks**\n\n- **direct causal link between the objective of**\n**the cash assistance and the prevention or**\n**response to a protection risk.**\n\n\n###### **NOT Cash for Protection**\n\n- **MPCA**\n\n- **Mainstreaming and integration**\n**(needs to be defined, as the inte-**\n**gration component is the sticking**\n**point)**\n\n\n###### **12 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Points for further discussion:**\n\nThere was dispute on the definitions of protection top ups and individual protection assistance (IPA). To date, there is a lack of standardised definitions for these terms and interventions, causing agencies/organisations to operationalise them at their own discretion. This can\nsometimes result in an over concentration of approaches that are often not in line with one\nanother and create confusion among practitioners. Therefore, it was agreed that clear definitions of specific terminology/interventions and their parameters, including protection top\nups, IPA, emergency case management fund, and cash for protection, that participants can\nreview and endorse, need to be developed. This will support the design and implementation\nof C4P programs in a comprehensive and cohesive way across agencies and contexts. This was\ndefined as a priority action point coming out of the workshop.\n\nIt was agreed that CVA alone is not C4P, rather that C4P must be intentional, in that it is CVA\ndesigned to mitigate a specific, identified protection risk to achieve a protection objective\nfor an individual. C4P requires a risk analysis, targeted interventions, and close monitoring.\nAdditionally, it was agreed that partners require greater support in understanding how to\nincorporate the analysis of protection risks (and benefits) as an integral part of program cycle\nmanagement. This is to ensure that each stage of the management of the program cycle is\ninformed by the analysis of the risks and benefits, which should be the entry point to any\nC4P programme. This also requires support on identifying which tools and guidance should\nbe used for this analysis. It was also raised that there is a need to reflect on and standardise\nthe process of developing further guidance, ensuring that it remains technically sound and\nendorsed by practitioners in the C4P space.\n\n\nGreater collaboration amongst protection and cash colleagues is needed from the onset\nthroughout programme design, implementation, and monitoring. Protection teams need to\ncollaborate with cash teams and the responsibilities related to all phases of the project cycle\nshould not only fall to cash teams, and vice versa. Cash experts support the process of integrating the CVA modality, but the leadership on C4P needs to come from protection staff.\nHowever, it was stressed that protection colleagues need technical support from cash colleagues in order to inherit all the cash knowledge and be ready to improve the design process. Successful C4P programming requires expertise in both areas. While it isn\u2019t imperative\nto have both cash and protection teams to implement C4P, protection teams are required.\n\n\nIt was recommended that a RACI (responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) Matrix\nis developed for each step of the programme cycle, outlining who is responsible for what.\nWhile this is not a requirement, it can be particularly useful to mitigate the risk associated with a single person or single team (protection case manager, protection staff member,\nprotection team) transferring resources to an individual without clear segregation of duties.\nWithin the TTC4P, collaboration is also required to implement key agreements, recommendations, and actions, including joint guidance, workshops, and sharing and endorsement of key\nterminology.\n\n###### **13 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **8.1 MEAL**\n\n_**How can we build monitoring, evaluation and evidence building into programming? How**_\n_**can we document whether CVA has contributed to protection outcomes?**_\n\n\n**Discussion Points**\n\nDiscussions focused on how to demonstrate that cash contributed to a protection outcome.\nIt was agreed that monitoring of how cash is spent, through PDMs, can be informative to\ndetermine if the CVA had protection outcomes - therefore mainstreaming indicators should\nbe included in all standard monitoring (e.g. PDMs).. It was also agreed that when conducting\nspecific and targeted C4P programming, monitoring should be handled by protection colleagues or case managers, particularly for more sensitive cases to determine whether the\nspecific protection need was supported through CVA. Monitoring of case closures and client\nfeedback is critical, however, while these are strong monitoring practices and standard practices in protection programming, they may not indicate whether the cash contributed to a\nprotection outcome. The risk of consolidating all monitoring in a single team is a concern. It\nis not best practice for CVA as a modality though it may be necessary for certain protection\nclients. Segregation of duties where different teams engage in the cash transfer program cycle\nis a best practice to reduce risks of fraud, waste, abuse of power, etc.\nWhen discussing measuring protection outcomes, participants agreed that there needs to be\nmore targeted monitoring tools (e.g., to be part of the dialogue between a case worker and\nthe \u2018client\u2019 (survivor, vulnerable person). But it was highlighted that there is a gap for measuring the impact of C4P outside of case management. It was also agreed that there is not\nreally C4P outside of case management (no concrete examples that fit the criteria were raised\nduring the workshop).\n\n\nOutcome harvesting was a point raised, with the idea that shifting to communities and their\nlived experience would be a good way to measure protection. While the outcomes may not\nnecessarily be those anticipated, but positive, nonetheless.\nThe discussion then shifted to how C4P is more appropriately applied to certain protection\nrisks or cases. The GBV Prevention Evaluation Framework [2] was highlighted as a good starting\npoint, and that it can be developed further to apply to protection more broadly. However, it\nwas agreed that it is unrealistic to create a monitoring framework applicable across all the\nAoRs; AoR-specific frameworks would be relevant.\n\n\n**2.** _**[protecton.interacton.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GBV-Preventon-Evaluaton-Framework-05-26-21-1.pdf](http://protection.interaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GBV-Prevention-Evaluation-Framework-05-26-21-1)**_\n###### **14 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Agreed Actions**\n\nOverall, it was agreed that the sensitivity of what is being measured needs to be matched\nwith the skills of those doing the monitoring.\nIt was agreed that going forward, it will be helpful to standardise a protection risk analysis\nwhich can be understood and used by cash actors to identify some of the economic drivers of\nprotection risks. Alternatively, cash related tools for protection actors should be developed to\nsupport the design process of C4P programmes.\nDeveloping tailored monitoring and evaluation tools and systems was suggested, including\nindicators such as the Grand Bargain indicators.\nIt was also proposed that resourcing for information management could come from the AoRs,\nciting that a mapping to capture indicators could be done for better coordination for data\ncollection and evidence building.\n\n#### **8.2 TARGETING**\n\n_**How can protection actors support cash actors in MPCA to enhance protection outcomes**_\n_**through targeting based on a protection analysis rather than purely socio-economic target-**_\n_**ing?**_\n\n_**In potentially sensitive cash for protection programmes, for example GBV or child protec-**_\n_**tion, what are our red lines in terms of information sharing for the purposes of coordination**_\n_**and avoiding duplication?**_\n\n\n**Discussion Points**\n\n**A hybrid targeting approach was recommended whenever possible.**\n\nFor stand-alone C4P programs it was highlighted that eligibility criteria need to be clearly\nlinked to an assessed and identified protection need (i.e. protection risk to be maintained as\nentry point through case management) that the cash intervention directly addresses to mitigate or to respond, and therefore would not include groups of broadly or socioeconomically\nvulnerable populations. When there is different guidance (agency based or at the coordination level) targeting often becomes somehow categorical (i.e. groups generally perceived as\nvulnerable).\n\n\nThe discussion touched on categorical targeting, focusing on groups and people with protection risks (such as child or female headed households, persons with serious medical conditions or disabilities, elderly persons, among other traditionally vulnerable groups). It was\nagreed that targeting through more comprehensive protection activities, such as case management is straightforward. However, in situations where case management is not operational, targeting is much less straightforward. Targeting through Psychosocial Support (PSS)\nactivities was discussed as a possible alternative. When it comes to prevention, it was agreed\nthat targeting is very difficult. This does not mean that CVA should not be used for prevention\nactivities, but that more thought and discussion need to be put into how to improve this area.\n\n###### **15 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It was discussed that in most cases, there is a need to cover basic needs and protection\nneeds, although protection costs can be hard to estimate in a standard manner considering\nthey vary on a case-by-case basis. There was some debate as to whether some costs need to\nbe part of a standard minimum protection cash assistance, i.e., part of the MEB, while others\nsuggested that there needs to be more guidance and discussion to determine what other\ncosts need to be part of a fixed or one-off/recurring cash assistance. This should include more\ncriteria to determine what other costs are eligible as ancillary payments.\n\n\nIt was stressed that, in order to provide valuable guidance on \u201cprotection\u201d modalities, the\nbest CVA delivery mechanisms and modalities within C4P interventions need to be reflected\non. Additionally, we need to have flexible mechanisms for the delivery of cash that are tailored to the needs of individual people. There is guidance available on delivery mechanisms,\nwhich can be reviewed and adapted with a protection lens. [3] This is an area where protection\nactors could benefit from the technical work (to be adapted) done by cash colleagues.\n\n\nAs previously highlighted, participants agreed that a risk analysis of the context is crucial and\nthat targeting should be based on protection risks identified in the analysis. From a protection\nperspective, if there is a protection risk identified in the risk analysis, then a discussion with\ncash colleagues can be had regarding MPCA, specifically when the link between the protection risk and a lack of access to basic needs has been demonstrated, and protection top ups\nwon\u2019t suffice to address the protection risk. This leaves room for protection actors to refer\ncases while allowing large scale direct transfers to continue.\n\n\nAnother point of discussion that brought up some debate was how humanitarian actors\nworking in contexts in collaboration with governments (who continue to make decisions) consider what these governments are doing and what they will allow in terms of providing cash,\nand more specifically related to targeting criteria. There was some agreement that cash and\nprotection actors need to have synergies with social protection systems where feasible and\nappropriate considering humanitarian principles.\n\n\n**Agreed Actions**\n\nIt was agreed that a specific time bound working group needs to be assembled to iron out\nseveral sticking points that continue to arise related to targeting.\n\n\n**3.** _**[htps://www.calpnetwork.org/toolset/selecton-of-delivery-mechanism/](https://www.calpnetwork.org/toolset/selection-of-delivery-mechanism/)**_\n###### **16 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **8.3 Transfer values and design**\n\n_**Where do basic needs end and where does protection begin? Conceptually, how do you**_\n_**define that space between the two when they are so inter-linked?**_\n\n_**How do we balance the idea of ensuring cash is spent towards protection outcomes while**_\n_**giving people the dignity to prioritise how they spend their money themselves? What val-**_\n_**ues, principles and ideas do we have on this? Are they the same?**_\n\n\n**Discussion Points**\n\nIt was agreed that transfer values, and even the modality, cannot be determined upfront because they are highly individualised/specialised in a cash for protection intervention. It is important to note that sectoral cash, in this case when cash is used as a modality within protection interventions,, the delivery mechanism, frequency, duration, and amount of the transfer\nvalue will vary based on the individual need identified through an individual assessment and\ncase management plan. This is distinctly different to integrated programming (e.g. MPCA)\nwhere the frequency, duration and amount is determined during the design phase due to the\nscale of such programmes. This needs to be coordinated well between cash and protection\nteams. It was also discussed that there is a need to provide a methodology for calculating\nthese transfers, rather than protection actors providing standardised amounts.\n\n\nIt was agreed that the keys are:\n\n\n**1) Creating an estimated range or list of items that may be included in the C4P based on**\n**the estimated caseloads. This should be led by protection teams in collaboration with cash**\n**colleagues.**\n\n - For proposals that seek to include C4P, allocate a flexible pool of money that can then\nbe designed and adapted once the individual cases and risks are identified.\n\n\n**2) The specificity of the transfer values should be based on the individual risk assessments.**\n**Determining of the transfer value, frequency, and eligibility should be at the caseworkers**\n**discretion, alongside the wider SOPs.**\n\n - Discussion on cash transfer values were centred on how to quantify the \u201cone off\u201d\nand \u201crecurring costs\u201d as well as how to budget for them in protection programs when\nneeds assessments are not yet conducted.\n\n###### **17 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Agreed Actions**\n\nIt was agreed that a range of two-pager guidelines need to be developed and include the\nmost common cash support in protection programs and how the transfer values were determined in the design process. These guidelines need to be simple and applicable across all\nAoRs, including most common types of support that CVA is meant to cover in a C4P intervention. However, there will be some distinctions for each thematic area. A standardised approach for costing is believed to support quality programming.\n\n\nIt was also highlighted that within case management there is a need for a methodology, to\ndefine recurrent protection related expenditures and calculate the transfer values, that outlines exactly what will be accessed with the cash. However, it was agreed that there needs to\nbe more flexibility for the caseworkers to make quick decisions at the field level based on the\nneeds and risks that are identified and/or arise. This can be built into the SOPs and be based\non specific risk assessments. While C4P should be as unrestricted as possible and conditionality would likely not be appropriate for most cases, protection cases require a highly individualised approach. However, the close follow up by case workers on how the cash is spent is a\nclose form of conditionality.\n\n\nIt was agreed though that there is a need for a stronger methodology for calculating transfer\nvalues and should be designed by technical protection staff.\n\n###### **18 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Next Steps and Ways Forward**\n\nKey questions, answers, and next steps that arose and were discussed and agreed at the end of the workshop included:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Question|Answer|Next Steps|Timeline|Responsible|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**What is the diference between**
**IPA, the Case Management Fund**
**and Protecton Top Ups?**|IPA can be C4P, but it depends on its objectve. Further
work is needed to defne this.|Development of comprehensive defnitons/
parameters of each term to ensure agree-
ment across agencies and reduce confusion.
A specifc tme bound task team to develop
these defnitons.|30 Nov 2023|Sub Working group|\n|**Does what the CVA is spent on**
**determine if it is C4P?**|No, protecton costs are broad. This does not deter-
mine if it is C4P or not.|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ docu-
ment.|5 Dec 2023|C4P Specialist|\n|**Does an interventon need to**
**be designed with an immediate**
**and direct protecton objectve**
**in mind to be considered C4P?**|Yes, if it is not designed with an immediate and direct
protecton objectve in mind we can\u2019t consider it a C4P
programme.|Donors will support good practce and some
will share strong proposal examples
with task teams and AORs.|16 Oct 2023|Donors|\n|**How do we determine eligibility**
**for C4P?**|C4P eligibility is determined solely on whether through
an assessment within a broad case management acton
plan, CVA is determined to be a suitable modality con-
tributng to avoid or alleviate the protecton risk/need
of the individual.|Consolidate an example (that needs to be
contextualised) eligibility for C4P.|30 Nov 2023|Sub Working group|\n|**If MPCA on it\u2019s own isn\u2019t inher-**
**ently C4P, should we measure**
**protecton outcomes?**|Yes, we should be systematcally measuring protecton
outcomes through well designed post-distributon
monitoring (cooperaton CVA and protecton staf) .
HOWEVER, we need to ensure that the protecton ele-
ments/indicators included in the monitoring tools are
matched with the skills of those doing the monitoring.|Agree on standard approach and sensitse
relevant colleagues.
The harmonised MPC indicators already ex-
ist and include CP indicators. They could be
strengthened to include additonal indica-
tors refectng other protecton subsectors.4|31 Jan 2024|Co-leads and C4P
Specialist|\n|**How do we measure Protecton**
**outcomes outside of case man-**
**agement without doing harm?**|Receive guidance from protecton experts on appropri-
ate indicators to measure protecton outcomes.
Ensure that we Do No Harm
Consider using proxy questons in the PDM|TTC4P to coordinate and disseminate Matrix
of Resources|15 Sept 2023|Co-leads|\n\n\n\n**4.** _**[htps://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CALP-MPC-Outcomes-EN-fnal.pdf](https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CALP-MPC-Outcomes-EN-final.pdf)**_\n\n\n###### **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **2/3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Question|Answer|Next Steps|Timeline|Responsible|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Is C4P more important/rel-**
**evant than integrated cash**
**programming?**|No, C4P will reach a signifcantly smaller subset of the populaton
than integrated programming. Mainstreamed programming is the
obligaton of all cash interventons.|Develop integrated matrix for MPCA
and Protecton.|31 Jan 2024|Sub Working group
(future)|\n|**Is a protecton analysis re-**
**quired to design C4P?**|Yes|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|Co-leads and AoRs|\n|**How do we determine target-**
**ing for integrated cash and**
**protecton programming?**|Needs to be done jointly by CVA and Protecton Actors.|Specifc tme-bound group needed
of both CVA and Protecton Actors
to develop guidance. GPC to lead.|30 Nov 2023|Sub Working group|\n|**How do we determine who is**
**targeted?**|Targetng should be based on risk analysis with an iterated protec-
ton risk|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|30 Nov 2023|C4P Specialist and
informed bu Sub
Working group
actvites|\n|**How can we do targetng**
**when MPCA focuses on the**
**HH and Protecton on individ-**
**uals**|If a risk analysis shows there is a prevalence of a certain risk, we
can have a prior to discussion on targetng. HOWEVER, we need
fexibility to update and refer cases. MPCA may have targetng
criteria that addresses profles of HH where there is evidence
(also through consultaton with communites) that certain HH due
to compositon, profle of HH etc. are socio-economically vulner-
able and prone to adopt harmful coping strategies and therefore
protecton risks if not supported.|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|C4P Specialist and
informed bu Sub
Working group
actvites|\n|**Who is ultmately responsible**
**for calculatng Protecton Top**
**Ups?**|Protecton colleagues can determine the list of items/services and
CVA actors can support in determining cost per item.|Consolidate (or create) simplifed
guidance document.|30 Nov 2023|Sub Working group|\n|**Who delivers Protecton Top**
**Ups (operatonally)?5**|It depends on the agency \u2013 it can be both CVA and Protecton
actor. in a single organisaton which has both cash and protecton
teams, there could be a set-up where there's a harmonised cash
delivery framework within an organisaton that may be more
efcient, safe, have proper internal controls. It would depend on a
given organisaton's set-up and capacites.|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|Can be explored in
the Sub Working
group, C4P Specialist
inputng
|\n\n\n\n**5.** _**interim term until properly defined and agreed on**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **3/3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Question|Answer|Next Steps|Timeline|Responsible|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**How do we budget Protecton**
**Top Ups in overall budgets?**|We need a methodology to calculate an amount to include in
budgets. HOWEVER, we acknowledge that each individual will get
a diferent amount.|Leaning on GBV, determine parame-
ters for calculatng transfer values.
Share examples from GBV and CP in
Nigeria.|5 Dec 2023|Can be explored in
the Sub Working
group, C4P Specialist
inputng with sup-
port from GBV and
CP AoRs|\n|**Who is responsible for what?**|In order to successfully implement C4P, we need Protecton, Cash
and MEAL Actors|Develop sample RACI (Responsible,
Accountable, Consulted, Informed)
for each step of the programme
cycle. Not a requirement but can be
useful. Share an example with feld
colleagues.|15 Feb 2024|C4P Specialist|\n|**Should we not do C4P if there**
**is no MPCA in a specifc con-**
**text?**|MPCA is not a prerequisite (but it is preferable to have in a con-
text) for C4P. This is to ensure that referrals to MPCA can be made
for basic needs and that C4P doesn\u2019t atempt to cover a need
or populaton beter targeted by MPCA. However, C4P can\u2019t be
designed to just be MPCA for \u201cvulnerable groups\u201d|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document. Contnue to promote the
importance of mainstreaming and
integraton, Refer to as basic needs
rather than MPCA.|31 Jan 2024|C4P Specialist, re-
lates to the Integrat-
ed Matrix|\n|**How do we determine who in**
**our caseload is eligible?**|We need to consider and balance whether to reach a higher
caseload while only partally covering the protecton needs or
reach a lower caseload while fully covering the protecton needs.
We need to be clear about what we can achieve in Humanitarian
Protecton|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|Sub Working group
with C4P Specialist|\n|**How do we ensure C4P recip-**
**ients receive their assistance**
**in a dignifed and individual**
**manner.**|We need a variety of delivery mechanisms to tailor for individuals|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|C4P Specialist|\n|**Do we require conditonality/**
**restrictons in C4P?**|No. However, the degree of support that the individualised ap-
proach of C4P requires through the monitoring or a case man-
ager/ social worker whether the money is spent for the agreed
purposes (in the acton plan) will be very close to a form of
conditonality|To be included in C4P Help Desk FAQ
document.|5 Dec 2023|C4P Specialist|\n\n\n\nThis workshop was particularly useful to bring together some of the key relevant stakeholders within cash for protection and have frank discussions about\nchallenges, successes, and sharing experiences and best practices.\nIt was stressed that protection colleagues need support from cash teams, and vice versa. The question of how the new cash coordination model is being\ntransitioned in and how it can be used to build better connections between protection and cash coordination mechanisms in-country was posed but\ngiven the short timeframe of the workshop, it was agreed that it while this is important, it was not something that would be solved at this time.\n\n\n###### **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Monday 29th May 2023|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|9:00 - 9:30|Welcome and Introductons|\n|9:30 - 10:15|Workshop Overview and Parame-
ters|\n|10:15 - 10:45|Opening Actvity: Cash for Protec-
ton Defnitons|\n|10:45 - 11:00|Break|\n|11:00 - 11:50|Donor Panel Discussion and Q&A|\n|11:50 - 12:45|Marketplace|\n|12:45 - 13:45|Lunch|\n|13:45 - 14:15|Marketplace Discussion|\n|14:15 - 15:15|Refugees and Cash and Protecton
(UNHCR)|\n|15:15 - 15:30|Break|\n|15:30 - 16:00|Refugees and Cash and Protecton
Cont. (UNHCR)|\n|16:00 - 16:50|Defning the Parameters of C4P|\n|16:50 - 17:00|Wrap up and Close|\n\n\n**Annex 2: Participating agencies**\n\n\n\n|Tuesday 30th May 2023|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|9:00 - 9:30|Welcome and Recap|\n|9:30 - 10:45|Unpacking Cash for Protecton
Interventons|\n|10:45 - 11:00|Break|\n|11:00 - 11:30|Unpacking Cash for Protecton
Cont.|\n|11:30 - 13:30|Stcky Questons and Deep
Dives|\n|13:30 - 14:30|Lunch|\n|14:30 - 15:15|C4P Parameters in Practce|\n|15:15 - 15:30|Break|\n|15:30 - 16:30|Next Steps and Ways Forward|\n|16:30 - 17:00|Wrap up and Close|\n\n\n**Annex 3: Key Informants**\n\n\n\n1. Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (BPRM)\n2. Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)\n3. European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations\n(ECHO)\n4. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)\n5. Permanent Mission of Belgium\n6. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\n7. World Food Programme (WFP)\n8. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)\n9. United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS)\n10. Oxfam\n11. International Rescue Committee (IRC)\n12. Swiss Foundation for Mine Action (FSD)\n13. Collaborative Cash Delivery Network (CCD)\n14. Street Child\n15. Plan International\n16. Women\u2019s Refugee Commission (WRC)\n17. Save the Children International (SCI)\n\n\n\n1. ECHO\n2. UNHCR\n3. Plan International\n4. CP AoR\n5. GBV AoR\n6. UNFPA\n7. BPRM\n8. CaLP\n9. BHA\n10. WFP\n11. CORE\n\n\n**Annex 4: Marketplace Materials**\n\n[CP Booth](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1xsZkpuQJOZio6EhGRWnNkiiDVvYz8-3n?usp=drive_link)\n[HLP Booth](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1kHypo9n5uqk88mJaS8OIqMlfH_xE-meW?usp=drive_link)\n[GBV Booth](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1-zp-Jl3b_tsXFWQzv89ErRawDityjEDX?usp=drive_link)\n[MA Booth](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/13h-3nAsYP4bVg5rNedquqZ-MalTESBvI)\n\n\n###### **22 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex 5: Sticky Questions**\n\n\n**Defining the Parameters of Cash for Protection**\n\n - Can we define cash for protection while respecting the mandates of different agencies? What do we need? Is it a framework? A list of \u201capproved\u201d activities? Is that too\nrestrictive? How prescriptive should we be?\n\n - Do we need a definition or is it more a common understanding of what can be considered cash for protection what cannot? Defining the scope and boundaries.\n\n - Can we define what cash for protection is not?\n\n - At which point in the programme process can we define whether it\u2019s cash for protection? Is it in the risk analysis and design? Is it based on what the money is spent on?\nOr what outcomes we achieve?\n\n\n**C4P and Basic Needs**\n\n - Should cash for protection be linked to a particular outcome if we want to respect\nthe principled use of cash as the person who requires it considers best?\n\n - When do we use MPCA versus C4P?\n\n - If we provide the equivalent of MPCA with the sole objective of a protection outcome, does this count C4P?\n\n - Where do basic needs end and where does protection begin? Ideologically, how do\nyou define that space between the two when they are so inter-linked?\n\n - Designing Cash for Protection Interventions\n\n - What does a C4P theory of change look like and how can we support field practitioners to develop clear linkages between risks, activities and outcomes.\n\n - We have a protection risk equation (threats, vulnerabilities, capacities) which we use\nin protection, can it be applied to cash in the same way?\n\n - How do we ensure a consistent approach in C4P if different donors have different\ndefinitions and parameters?\n\n - What is the difference between protection mainstreaming, integration and C4P?\n\n - Do we all have the same understanding of what IPA is and it\u2019s role?\n\n - Are special needs funds cash for protection or are they closer to MPCA?\n\n - In some contexts, has cash become the entry point rather than the protection risk?\n\n\n**Targeting**\n\n - How do we determine targeting for cash for protection - considering various interventions such as IPA, Protection Top Ups, C4P?\n\n - How can protection actors support cash actors in MPC to enhance protection outcomes through targeting based on a protection analysis rather than purely socio-economic targeting?\n\n - Most of the time partners tend to have pre-established targeting groups which are\nassumed to be most vulnerable, but this doesn\u2019t always reflect the most vulnerable\nin reality \u2013 what can we do about this?\n\n###### **23 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Transfer Value and Frequency**\n\n - What guidance can we give on determining the transfer value and frequency?\n\n - Do protection services belong in the MEB? If so, how can we ensure MEB is systematically includes protection services?\n\n - How can we have a set amount for protection in the MEB when it\u2019s so individual to\neach case?\n\n - How can we support the standardisation of costing?\n\n\n**Conditionality and Restrictions**\n\n - How do we balance the idea of ensuring cash is spent towards protection outcomes\nwhile giving people the dignity to prioritise how they spend their money themselves? What values, principles and ideologies do we have on this? Are they the\nsame?\n\n\n**Coordination**\n\n - How can we ensure that local and national actors can feed back on anything we can\ncreate? How can we ensure that we meet the needs of the field?\n\n - How can protection and cash actors better cooperate and work together when it\ncomes to multi-purpose cash?\n\n - How is the new cash coordination model being transitioned in and how can we use\nthis to build better connections between protection and cash coordination mechanisms in-country?\n\n - What circumstances or conditions trigger the start-up of a regional task team?\n\n - How can each AoR, including those less well-funded and resourced in cash for protection, leverage the opportunities we access as a technical task team to advance\nthe work of each AoR.\n\n\n**Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Evidence-Building**\n\n - Quality \u2013 are we doing this well? Are we getting the outcomes we are expecting?\n\n - How can we build monitoring, evaluation and evidence building into programming?\nHow can we document whether cash has contributed to protection outcomes?\n\n - Can we get more rigorous evidence, using more quantitatively verifiable approaches\nand more elaborate research methodologies?\n\n - Is there a way to better connect and measure the link between MPC and protection\noutcomes?\n\n###### **24 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Resources, Tools, Guidance, Capacity Building**\n\n - There are a lot of tools available but how can we ensure that teams in the field can\naccess the right tools at the right time? Could we work on a matrix of existing tools\nand what they can be used for? (e.g. like the MISMA matrix)\n\n - What is the process for the quality check, review and endorsement for new tools\nand guidance? Is it working? Are the right people being consulted at the right time?\n\n - How can we ensure that global capacity building efforts are impactful and sustainable?\n\n\n**Do No Harm and Information Sharing**\n\n - In potentially sensitive cash for protection programmes, for example GBV or child\nprotection, what are our red lines in terms of information sharing for the purposes\nof coordination and avoiding duplication?\n\n - How do we address the issue of non-protection actors developing cash for protection programmes, without essential components in place, such as data protection\nand information sharing protocols.\n\n###### **25 Back to**\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1eb285ed-18b8-4e6a-a380-08a81a878c2d/Rome-Workshop-report100.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_621/raw/doc_621_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_621/raw/doc_621_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cd58fe7804bde33ae685e95c48d02073b20c5213..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_621/raw/doc_621_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,214 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n||||||**1**|\n|||||||\n||||||**7**|\n||||||**6**
|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe Government of Rwanda is active in implementing policy related to refugees at the national level. Key\npolicy elements and initiatives are as follows:\n## \u2022 [Refugee students are integrated into the ] [national school system at the primary and secondary levels.]\n\nTo this end, classrooms and related facilities have been constructed for over 30,000 refugee students.\n## \u2022 [About 75 per cent of refugees were issued with ] [refugee ID cards] [, and a National Statelessness ]\n\n[Taskforce was created. The Task Force launched the Ending Statelessness in 2024 National Action](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/statelessness/54621bf49/global-action-plan-end-statelessness-2014-2024.html)\n[Plan that is meant to, inter alia, ensure access to](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/statelessness/54621bf49/global-action-plan-end-statelessness-2014-2024.html) **birth registration** for all refugees born in Rwanda.\n## \u2022 [All refugees from camps and cities gained ] [improved access to financial and socioeconomic services,]\n\nsupported by NGOs.\n## \u2022 [Pursuant to a GRF commitment, joint agricultural projects between refugee and host community ]\n\nhouseholds were initiated in Mugombwa as part of **livelihood creation** targeting 1,427 farmers\u2019\nhouseholds, of which 300 were refugees.\n## \u2022 [Urban refugees were included in the ] [National Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI)] [ in 2019. ]\n\nScreening and treatment for Hepatitis B and C is being progressively integrated into regular health\nactivities for refugees; nearly 80 percent of refugees have been screened.\n## \u2022 [An environmental plastic ban was introduced in 2019 with the adoption of the new ][Law No 17/2019][, in ]\n\nline with government pledges on environmental protection in refugee-hosting areas and providing\nclean and renewable energy solutions to refugee and host community households. As a result, nearly\nhalf of refugee households had access to **clean cooking energy** at the end of the period under review.\n\n\nThese policy developments are in line with commitments and pledges made by Rwanda at the international\nlevel in relation to refugee and host community protection and which reaffirmed the active role of the\ngovernment in refugee affairs. This dates back to the adoption of the [Global Compact for Refugees](https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html) in 2016\non the occasion of the September 2016 New York Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees and subsequently\nanchored in the National Strategic Plan for Refugee inclusion (2019\u20132024) as part of the IDA-18 Refugee\nSub-Window (RSW) eligibility process. Through these platforms the Government of Rwanda pledged to\nfacilitate refugee livelihoods, enrol refugee students in primary and secondary school, include all urban\nrefugees in the national health insurance system and provide all refugees with identify cards. Rwanda\nreiterated these pledges at the [Global Refugee Forum (GRF)](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html) in 2019 alongside a new priority pledge\n[related to energy and environment. The pledges are consistent with the Rwandan National Strategy for](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/National_Strategy_For_Trsansformation_-NST1.pdf)\n[Transformation (2017\u20132024)](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/National_Strategy_For_Trsansformation_-NST1.pdf) and form an essential part of national Comprehensive Refugee Response\n[Framework (CRRF) implementation (of which Rwanda became a roll-out country in 2018), promoting an](https://www.unhcr.org/comprehensive-refugee-response-framework-crrf.html)\ninclusive and enabling environment for refugees that also benefits host communities.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThe stress placed on infrastructure by the presence of refugees and refugee camps in certain areas\ndetermines the interventions of the relevant ministries (the Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management/\nMINEMA and the Ministry of Local Government/MINALOC working through with the Local Administrative\nEntities Development Agency or LODA and in coordination with the Ministry in Charge of Infrastructure or\nMININFRA) which may also benefit host communities. Additionally, District Development Plans take into\naccount the presence of refugees and refugee camps.\n\n\nThe National Social Protection Policy and Sector Strategic Plan (2018/19\u20132023/24) provides for social\nprotection coverage for all Rwandan nationals, including through safety nets and social cash transfers. The\nPolicy entrusts the [Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC) with responsibility for citizens\u2019 social](https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minaloc/Publications/Useful_Documents/Social_Protection_Sector_Strategic_Plan.pdf)\nprotection. While there are no specific considerations for host community members negatively affected by\nan inflow of refugees, host community members who are Rwandan nationals are able to benefit from these\nnationwide programmes.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe Ministerial instructions no 02/2016 of 1/6/2016 determining the management of refugees and refugee\ncamps suggest the promotion of social cohesion in refugee hosting areas by including the concept of\n\u201cgood neighborhood\u201d with Rwandan community and the settlement of disputes between refugees and\nlocal residents. The Government of Rwanda thus implements inclusive policies that positively contribute\nto social cohesion among refugee and host communities in a holistic sense in line with the Comprehensive\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF) and pledges made at the Global Refugee Forum (GRF). For example,\nas provided for by the Strategic Plan for Refugee Inclusion 2019\u20132024, refugees are integrated into\nnational services such as education and health and benefit from socioeconomic and financial inclusion.\nSome livelihoods policies and programmes supported by the Government have contributed indirectly to\npeaceful coexistence, such as an agricultural project in Gisagara District, the location of Mugombwa\nrefugee camp, involving both the refugee and host communities in a joint farming cooperative covering\n100 hectares of marshland made available by the District. Additional hectares have been identified that\nwould potentially extend this project to bring it close to two other camps, thereby confirming the success\nof the pilot project.\n\n\nOverall, refugees living in camps and in urban areas have developed social, economic and family ties with\nthe host community, with whom they share cultural and linguistic similarities. As a result, the Rwandan host\npopulation has a positive attitude and a fair level of acceptance towards the refugees, despite underlying\nissues that could challenge social cohesion such as overcrowding of schools, soil erosion and deforestation\nin and around some of the camps. The transition operated by WFP & UNHCR from in-kind and food\nassistance to cash-based intervention in camps has also contributed to better social cohesion as a result\nof cash flowing from camps into the local markets in hosting areas. Members of the host community often\nattend celebrations in the refugee camps, while refugees and citizens alike take part in compulsory\ncommunity work called Umuganda that takes place nationwide in the morning hours of every last Saturday\nof the month, except during the COVID period.\n\n\n[Organic Law No 02/2010/OL on the Mediation Committee](https://legalaidrwanda.org/legal_text/ABUNZI_Law.pdf) provides for committees at cell and sectoral\nlevels ( _Abunzi_ ) consisting of seven elected residents with proven integrity and mediation skills. These\ncommittees provide mediation services as a prerequisite before any party can bring an action before a\ncompetent court. Mediation Committees have jurisdiction on any civil matter and on some specific criminal\noffences. They primarily operate for the benefit of Rwandan citizens, and refugees cannot be elected as\n_Abunzi_ committee members. In refugee settings, there are separate refugee-led conflict resolution\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n\ncommittees that aim to prevent issues from escalating and to resolve conflicts informally. Conflict between\nrefugees and nationals are addressed by an _Abunzi_ committee. Alternatively, refugees can ask the camp\nmanager from MINEMA or one of the legal partners of UNHCR for intervention/support. At Mahama\nrefugee camp, the Peace Dialogue Committees of refugee and host community leaders, placed under the\nsupervision of MINEMA, facilitate the monthly discussion and resolution of various issues.\n\n\n[The Constitution of Rwanda](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c5b1f52.html) (Articles 10, 16, and 100) commits to protecting citizens and foreigners in\nRwanda against discrimination and division based on ethnic origin, family or ancestry, clan, skin colour or\nrace, sex, region, economic categories, religion or faith, opinion, fortune, cultural differences, language,\neconomic status, physical or mental disability, or any other form of discrimination. Rwanda is also one of a\nfew African countries whose constitutions criminalize discrimination. Different laws have been enacted to\ndeal with the offence of discrimination, which is punishable under Article 163 of [Law No 68/2018](about:blank)\ndetermining offences and penalties in general. Overall, refugees in Rwanda enjoy a conducive protection\nenvironment and there is no systematic discrimination or denial of rights targeting refugees based on the\ngrounds mentioned above. While discrimination might occur in some situations, for instance in relation to\nsexual orientation and gender identity, this is true for both refugees and members of the host community.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe [Biomass Energy Strategy, the](https://www.cleancookingalliance.org/sector-resources/resource-database/35.html) [Water and Sanitation Strategy and the Environmental Law (Law No](http://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/docs/Board_Decisions/WATSAN_Policy_Strategy.pdf)\n48/2018 of 13/08/2018 on Environment) generally provide the legal and policy framework for environmental\nmanagement in Rwanda. Further, the Ministerial Instructions no 02/ 2016 of 1/6/2016 determining the\nmanagement of refugees and refugee camps includes environment management in camps and includes\nthe restoration of the environment in refugee-hosting areas. However, a lack of resources has posed a\nchallenge for the implementation of the activities.\n\n\nThe [Ministerial Instructions Determining the Management of Refugees and Refugee Camps](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/Laws_and_Policies/Ministerial_instructions_relating_to_the_management_of_refugees_and_refugee_camps.pdf) require\nrefugees to participate in activities intended to protect the Environment, including participation in joint\ncommunity work. In 2017, the National Leaders ( _Umwiherero_ ) passed a resolution to sensitize the\npopulation, including refugees in camps, regarding the use of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and other\nenvironmentally friendly energy sources for household cooking and public institutions.\n\n\nIn October 2018, the Government of Rwanda issued a directive to end the use of newly chopped firewood\n[in the refugee camps, signalling a shift to alternative clean cooking solutions. In compliance with Law No](https://elaw.org/es/system/files/attachments/publicresource/Law_relating_to_the_prohibition_of_manufacturing__importation__use_and_sale_of_plastic_carry_bags.pdf)\n[17/2019 on single-use plastic items, corrugated iron sheets are gradually replacing plastic sheets for](https://elaw.org/es/system/files/attachments/publicresource/Law_relating_to_the_prohibition_of_manufacturing__importation__use_and_sale_of_plastic_carry_bags.pdf)\nroofing in the camps and settlements. These policy measures were further reaffirmed by the country\u2019s\ncommitments during the December 2019 GRF to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources by\nproviding clean and renewable energy solutions in refugee and host community households; take\nenvironmental protection and rehabilitation measures in refugee-hosting areas; and build resilient refugee\nsettlements that promote conscious land use and reduce the adverse impact on the environment.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe Government of Rwanda, through MINEMA, has proactively developed several contingency plans to\nrespond to various potential situations including refugee inflows. The Refugee emergency response is\npart of the National Contingency Planning framework regarding population influx. In recent experience,\nthe response to refugee inflows has been coordinated by the Ministry in charge of Emergency Management\nwith significant support by UNHCR and partner funding, guided by inter-agency Refugee Response Plans\n(RRPs), which address primary emergency needs.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nRwanda has been a State party to the [1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html) since 15\n[November 1979. It is also a State Party to the 1967 Protocol related to the Status of Refugees, the 1969](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\n[OAU Convention Governing the Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the 1954 Convention](https://www.unhcr.org/about-us/background/45dc1a682/oau-convention-governing-specific-aspects-refugee-problems-africa-adopted.html)\n[relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, as](https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/1954-Convention-relating-to-the-Status-of-Stateless-Persons_ENG.pdf)\nwell as the majority of international and regional human rights treaties. Article 95 of the [2003 Constitution](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c5b1f52.html)\n[of the Republic of Rwanda](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c5b1f52.html) (as revised in 2015) provides for a hierarchy of laws in which the Constitution\nprevails, followed by organic laws, international treaties and agreements ratified by Rwanda and then\nordinary law and orders. Based on this article, ratified international conventions are locally applied, and\nshould be integrated into the national organic laws. The practice has been to incorporate the provisions\nof international and regional treaties by integrating the provisions into an amended or new law.\n\n\n[Law No 13ter/2014 of 21/05/2014 Relating to refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) mirrors most of the provisions of the 1951 Convention.\n[The 2014 Law is complemented by Prime Minister\u2019s Order No 112/03 of 2015. Article 18 of the 2014 Law](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\nstipulates that \u201cwithout prejudice to other laws, any person having obtained refugee status in Rwanda\nshall enjoy the rights and liberties provided for by international instruments on refugees ratified by\nRwanda\u201d. By virtue of this broad formulation and in the absence of any contradictory legal provisions,\nrefugees are legally entitled to enjoy a wide range of social, economic, civil and political rights. Rights\naccorded to asylum seekers and refugees are reflected in Law No 13ter/ 2014 of 21/05/2014 relating to\nRefugees and Ministerial Instructions no02/ 2016 of 1/6/2016. These instruments may further benefit from\nmore precision given to specific rights granted to refugees as well as asylum seekers\n\n\nThe Congolese population that arrived during the inflows of 1996 and in 2012\u20132013, as well as the\nBurundian nationals who arrived in 2015, were recognized as refugees by the Government of Rwanda on\n[a prima facie basis in line with Article 13 of the Refugee Law. While newly-arriving Burundian nationals](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\ncontinue to be recognized as refugees on a prima facie basis, all other new asylum-seekers must undergo\nthe national Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process on an individual basis.\n\n\nThe National Refugee Status Determination Committee (NRSDC), which is in charge of RSD in Rwanda,\n[was established by the 2015 Prime Minister\u2019s Order Determining the Organisation and Functioning of the](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\n[National Refugee Status Determination Committee (NRSDC) and Benefts granted to its Members. This](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\nMinisterial Order defines the composition, functions and frequency of meeting of the Committee and\ncontains provisions outlining access to asylum procedures. Under this framework, the Directorate-General\nof Immigration and Emigration (DGIE) performs an initial screening of asylum-seekers before they are\nreferred to NRSDC.\n\n\nArticle 7 of the Ministerial Order includes the provision of UNHCR being invited to NRSDC committee\nmeetings as an observer, in line with Article 35 of the 1951 Convention. Although procedures for asylum\nseeking are publicly disclosed on MINEMA and DG-Immigration and Emigration (DGIE) websites, upon\nreception at the entry points and in reception centers, together with periodic awareness campaigns in\nrefugee camps, UNHCR continues to inform on how to access asylum procedures during counselling\nsessions conducted by UNHCR and partners.\n\n\nThe Government, in collaboration with UNHCR and other partners, is making efforts to raise awareness on\nrefugee rights to work and to access socioeconomic opportunities.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nAll registered refugees on Rwandan territory receive a Proof of Registration (PoR). All refugees above 16\nyears old are also entitled to a refugee ID, issued in collaboration with MINEMA and NIDA, which is\nconsidered to constitute a residence permit and proof of legal identity. Currently 75 per cent of those\neligible have IDs, according to Government estimates. The format is the same as the ID card for nationals.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThese cards are issued at a low cost of RWF 500 (approximately $0.50 cents), which is covered by UNHCR\nand is commensurate with the cost of issuance of national IDs. The cost of renewal is the same as for initial\napplications and the replacement cost in the event of loss is 1,500 RWF, or approximately $1.50. The ID\ncard is valid for a period of five years and can be renewed as long as the person holding it remains a\nrefugee in Rwanda. Registered asylum-seekers hold a temporary residence permit with a validity of three\nmonths, which is renewable.\n\n\n[Under Article 19 of the Refugee Law in line with the provisions of Organic Law No 30/2008 on Rwanda](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c569f4dc.html)\n[Nationality, refugees can acquire Rwandan citizenship through marriage, birth and residence in Rwanda](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c569f4dc.html)\nor naturalization.\n\n\n[Article 21 of the 2014 Refugee Law enshrines the principle of non-refoulement, which is generally](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nrespected. From March 2020, even though land borders were closed as a preventive measure against the\nspread of COVID-19, and life-saving flights from Libya have continued through the pandemic and other\nasylum seekers have been received as well during the period. UNHCR is not aware of any case of\nrefoulement or unlawful termination of refugee status in the last year .\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management (MINEMA) is the primary institution in charge of refugee\nmanagement at national and local level. MINEMA shares decision-making and operational responsibilities\nwith other ministries and institutions, such as the [Ministry of Finance And Economic Planning (MINCOFIN),](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?id=2)\nthe Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI), the Ministry of Justice, the [Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC),](http://197.243.22.137/minaloc/index.php?id=448)\nthe [Ministry of Foreign Afairs and International Cooperation (MINAFFET), the](https://www.minaffet.gov.rw/) [Ministry of Health (MoH), the](https://www.moh.gov.rw/)\n[Ministry of Education, the](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/) [Ministry of Environment (MoE), the](https://www.environment.gov.rw/) [Directorate General of Immigration and](https://www.migration.gov.rw/home/)\n[Emigration (DGIE), and Rwanda National Police (RNP), bringing a wider spectrum of Government actors](https://www.migration.gov.rw/home/)\ninto the field of refugee protection and assistance. These collaborations have been further strengthened\nsince the introduction of the CRRF approach. MINEMA and UNHCR jointly ensure coordination among\ndonors through quarterly meetings. Additionally, MINEMA engages with other Ministries bilaterally or with\nseveral of them jointly if the matter requires such a collaborative approach.\n\n\n[Refugees are explicitly included in the Government-approved United Nations Development Assistance](https://rwanda.un.org/sites/default/files/2019-04/United%20Nations%20in%20Rwanda%20Development%20Assistance%20Plan%202018-2023%20%28UNDAP%20II%29_0_0.pdf)\n[Plan, which is aligned with the](https://rwanda.un.org/sites/default/files/2019-04/United%20Nations%20in%20Rwanda%20Development%20Assistance%20Plan%202018-2023%20%28UNDAP%20II%29_0_0.pdf) [National Strategy for Transformation (NST1). Pursuant to SDG 16.9, refugees](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/National_Strategy_For_Trsansformation_-NST1.pdf)\nare part of the Government\u2019s objectives to achieve universal registration and documentation. In March\n2019, a Strategic Plan for Refugee Inclusion 2019\u20132024 (SP) was issued by the Government. The\nGovernment of Rwanda has also committed to the [Ministry of Education\u2019s Education Management](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/)\n[Information System (EMIS)/School Data Management System (SDMS), which is used to register both](https://www.unhcr.org/5d651da88d7.pdf)\nrefugee and national students and to track their progress throughout their learning\n\n\nA Complaints and Feedback Mechanism (CFM) exists in the camps depending on the sectors of\ninterventions. Refugees in camps can also approach the MINEMA offices and raise concerns directly with\nMINEMA staff. Additionally, MINEMA and UNHCR organize large community meetings at which refugees\ncan ask questions on different policies and services, including newly-introduced initiatives. More generally,\nthe Government engages citizens regularly on national decisions and policy changes through open forums\non the radio and via hotlines that refugees can also access. Multi-stakeholder consultations are also\nconducted jointly among refugee and host communities, notably on education. The norm being, that each\nschool in the country has a Parent teacher Association, an association made up of host community and\nrefugee parents regularly meets and takes decisions on education issues. The refugee community has a\nstructured, elected executive committee and chooses leadership to the quartier and village level. In\naddition to the refugee community leadership, there are different representation bodies in the camps,\nsuch as youth groups, women\u2019s groups, sports groups, etc. UNHCR would like to see women playing a\ngreater role in the various community structures at camps level.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "School Data Management System", - "confidence": 0.9872408509254456, - "start": 603, - "end": 607 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SDMS", - "confidence": 0.9909656047821045, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and national students", - "confidence": 0.9513043165206909, - "start": 620, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nRecognized refugees over 16 years of age can also apply for a refugee identity card. Rwanda committed\nduring the 2016 New York Leader\u2019s Summit on Refugees to ensuring that 100 per cent of refugees on its\nterritory would be in possession of valid refugee identity cards issued by the Government. This commitment\nwas reaffirmed through the protection/documentation pledge made at the GRF in December 2019. The\nGovernment is planning to issue documents to the 25 per cent of eligible refugees who do not have them\nyet. Access to the medical insurance scheme in urban areas requires refugees to be in possession of a\nrefugee ID card. Having a refugee ID card also enables refugees to access other essential services such\nas telecommunications (SIM cards/contracts), banking and financial services, employment opportunities,\netc. and greatly facilitates socioeconomic inclusion.\n\n\nThe proof of registration (PoR) issued by UNHCR and MINEMA to all refugees on Rwandan territory (see\nsub-dimension 2.2) is a document including the family composition and biometric details of each individual,\nwhich enables them to access most humanitarian services. However, for legal and administrative processes\nin the country, a refugee ID is required.\n\n\nThe Government of Rwanda has cleared registration related cases since 2018, including in urban areas.\nHowever, new asylum and on hold cases were still observed (except for extremely vulnerable cases, those\nrecognized as refugees after NRSDC deliberations and those in transit or reception centres). This prevents\nsome individuals from accessing certain basic services. With the planned roll-out of Community-Based\nHealth Insurance (CBHI) in 2018, the Government of Rwanda conducted a verification exercise in urban\nareas to ensure that those who were to be enrolled in CBHI were indeed present in the country. This\nverification exercise was combined with new registration. Discussions are ongoing about the possibility of\nrestarting verification/registration countrywide.\n\n\nMachine Readable Convention Travel Documents (MRCTDs) are issued to refugees by the Directorate[General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE) for the purposes of travel for business, schooling abroad](about:blank)\n[and any other valid reasons, as per Article 23 of Law No 57/2018 on immigration and emigration. These](https://www.migration.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/PDF_files/Law_immigration_and_emigration.pdf)\ndocuments meet International Civil Aviation Organization standards.\n\n\nRefugees have access to civil registration services to register birth, marriages, divorces, and deaths\noccurring in Rwanda and to obtain corresponding civil documentation. Civil registration services are\n[managed under the Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC). Recent amendments to Law](about:blank) [No 32/2016 of](https://www.nida.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Law_amending_Law_n___32_2016_of_28_08_2016_governing_persons_and_family.pdf)\n[28/08/2016 Governing Persons and Family introduced a decentralized birth registration procedure to be](https://www.nida.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Law_amending_Law_n___32_2016_of_28_08_2016_governing_persons_and_family.pdf)\ncarried out at health facilities and at cells (local administration) level to ensure that every child\u2019s birth is\nregistered immediately after delivery. In line with its pledges made on documentation and civil registration\nto ensure that any refugee born in Rwanda is issued with a birth certificate, the Government committed to\nholding a regular \u201ccivil registration week\u201d in refugee camps to raise refugees\u2019 awareness of the importance\nof birth registration.\n\n\nRefugees not born in Rwanda whose birth has not been registered in their country of birth or who may\nhave fled without their birth certificate in their possession may have access to substitute birth registration\ndocumentation. This practice, in line with administrative assistance provided to refugees under the 1951\nConvention, is not commonly used by refugees.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\n[In general, refugees enjoy a similar level of security to Rwandan nationals. MINEMA, in collaboration with](about:blank)\n[the Rwanda National Police (RNP), ensures the security of refugees living in camp settings. Considering](about:blank)\nthe generally high level of safety and security in Rwanda, refugees and asylum-seekers mostly feel secure\nand do not face serious security concerns. Criminality affects them in much the same way as it affects\nRwandan nationals and they enjoy police protection on a par with nationals.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proof of registration", - "confidence": 0.9888468384742737, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PoR", - "confidence": 0.9835221767425537, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.633906364440918, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwandan territory", - "confidence": 0.9299228191375732, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9296227693557739, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nRwanda has ratified and incorporated key regional and international instruments on gender equality and\nwomen\u2019s empowerment. [Law No 59/200813 criminalizes sexual and gender-based violence in all its forms,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a3f88812.html)\nincluding trafficking, especially of women and girls, and marital rape. [Organic Law No 01/2012/OL of 2 May](https://www.police.gov.rw/uploads/tx_download/RWA-93714.pdf)\n[2012/15 prohibits the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The Gender Monitoring](https://www.police.gov.rw/uploads/tx_download/RWA-93714.pdf)\n[Office (GMO) is the responsible government entity monitoring gender mainstreaming and actions against](https://gmo.gov.rw/index.php?id=188)\nGBV and gender-based discrimination in the society as a whole, but has minimal involvement in refugee\nsettings. National structures offer multisectoral response to child victims of abuse and to GBV survivors\nacross the country and are fully accessible to refugees. In parallel, UNHCR implements GBV prevention\nand response activities for refugees in the camps, with a focus on awareness-raising among all stakeholders\nand reinforcing the capacity of law enforcement forces.\n\n\n[As per Article 18 of the Refugee Law and Article 12/g of the Ministerial Instructions Determining the](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\n[Management of Refugees and Refugee Camps, asylum-seekers and refugees enjoy the right to access](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\njustice. Refugees generally have access to information on these rights and can be provided with free legal\ncounselling and representation at all levels thanks to local UNHCR partners. They can also use a free\ntelephone number, paid for by UNHCR, to access legal aid services.\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nFor several decades, refugees have settled upon arrival in Rwanda in camps designed to host and take\ncare of them. They usually settle in camps according to their regions of origin, which determines the\n[location of the camp and their affiliations. Article 18 of the Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) enshrines into national law the\nenjoyment of all rights accorded to refugees by the 1951 Convention, including freedom of movement.\nRefugees can therefore move and settle wherever opportunities are available within the country including\nin urban areas. However, camp-based refugees need to request permission to leave the camp. Those who\nchose to reside outside of the camp may do so in line with Article 25 (2) of the Refugee Law.\n\n\nThis permit is issued for a period of three months, on the recommendation of the camp management, and\nmust be renewed at the camp. If not renewed, the refugees lose their entitlement to camp-based\nassistance, except access to health insurance and legal support. In practice, once refugees have settled\nin a new place of residence, they have to report to the local authority at village level, as do citizens. Like\nnationals, refugees are expected to carry an identity document whenever moving around (PoR or refugee\nID card).\n\n\nCOVID-19 measures that have been in place since March 2020 have placed varying restrictions on the\nmobility of the whole population, including refugees, in order to halt the spread of the pandemic.\n\n\n**3.2** **Rights to work and rights at work**\n\n\nRefugees in Rwanda are entitled to seek wage-earning employment. In the absence of a specific legal\n[provision on refugees\u2019 right to work and in accordance with Article 18 of the Refugee Law, recognized](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nrefugees in Rwanda benefit from the same level of worker protection as nationals, including salary levels\nin the private sector. No additional documentation or work permits are needed for refugees. To apply for\na job, they need only to provide a document that establishes their identity and legal status. Refugees who\nhold a refugee ID card face an easier process for accessing employment than those who hold only proof\nof registration (PoR). Refugees in possession of a driving licence stand a higher chance of finding\nemployment because it is a marketable skill. Despite this enabling environment for refugees to access\nwage-earning employment, securing a job is difficult to achieve for various reasons: employers\u2019\nmisconceptions about refugee\u2019s right to work, inadequate skills set, unavailability of jobs, etc.\n\n\n[As per normal business procedures, refugees are allowed to open businesses in the same manner as](about:blank)\nnationals and register them under their own name. Camp-based refugees can register their business at\nsectoral level and have to pay monthly taxes. In urban areas, only refugees with a refugee ID card can\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\n[register their business at the Rwanda Development Board (RDB). They are issued with a certificate of](about:blank)\nregistration and a Tax Identification Number (TIN) and have the same tax obligations as nationals.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[Articles 34 and 35 of the Constitution enshrine the inviolable right to private property, including the right](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c5b1f52.html)\nto land. [Law No 34/2013](http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/RWA131805.pdf) Governing Land entitles foreigners to emphyteutic lease (contract that allows the\nholder the perpetual right to the enjoyment of a property within a specified time) over land, from a private\n[person or the State. Article 18 of the Refugee Law enables refugees to enjoy the provisions relating to](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nemphyteutic land leases for business and agricultural purposes without obstacle. Asylum-seekers cannot\nexercise this right until a decision has been taken on their status.\n\n\nArticle (12/c) of the 2016 [Ministerial Instructions on Determining the Management of Refugees and Refugee](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\n[Camps](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf) provides for the right for refugees to own immovable and movable property in a similar way to\ncitizens. In practice, however, very few refugees can afford to buy a house. Refugees in camps are provided\nshelters and for other basic needs but are not included in social housing programmes intended for\nRwandan nationals, nor are they part of most other formal Government social protection initiatives, except\nfor the Community Based Health Insurance, which is available for urban based refugees, supported by\nUNHCR.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees can open bank accounts using their Government-issued refugee ID cards. It is also possible with\nproof of registration (PoR) as per a Central Bank waiver. The introduction of cash assistance across refugee\ncamps has boosted access to various banking services and increased the level of financial inclusion of\nrefugees as a whole. Refugees have access to micro-finance and loans from formal financial institutions\nand social enterprises and may also use services relating to village savings and loans, remittances and\nutility payments. To date, over 40,000 bank accounts have been opened by refugees in Rwanda and over\n11,000 refugee households have accessed various forms of financial services.\n\n\nAs at June 2020, all refugees in the camps can receive food and non-food cash allowances directly to a\nbank account linked to a debit multi-wallet smart card. Refugees can obtain a SIM card with their ID card\nand, in certain situations, this is possible on the basis of a PoR. The availability of mobile money facilities\noffered by the various phone companies has also expanded refugees\u2019 access to a wider range of digital\nfinancial services (payment, deposits, withdrawals, savings, receiving remittances, etc.). About two thirds\nof households in refugee camps are registered with a mobile money provider and one in 10 households in\nrefugee camps has saved money on a mobile wallet account.\n\n\nSkills development initiatives mainly provided by UNHCR implementing partners, with the support of\nMINEMA, that are made available to refugees are being promoted as part of the objective to increase\nrefugees\u2019 economic inclusion. Such initiatives focus on building refugees\u2019 skills and capacities to access\nwage employment or self-employment opportunities.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[The 2018/19\u20132023/24 Education Sector Strategic Plan makes no reference to refugee education or](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/NDPR/Sector_Strategic_Plans/Education.pdf)\neducation in emergency situations. In the absence of a specific policy document on refugee education,\n[Article 18 of the 2014 Refugee Law applies; this provides refugee children access to learning in the same](about:blank)\nway as nationals. In practice, refugee learners are included in the national education system at all levels\n(following the national curriculum, participating in the same extracurricular activities, etc.) and are expected\nto meet the same standards for certification and accreditation as nationals. Refugee students are integrated\ninto national education systems.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nSome 61 per cent of early childhood development (ECD) refugee children are enrolled in programmes\nunder the national education system (compared to 29.8 per cent for the host community). The gross\nenrolment ratio (GER) among refugees in the national education system is 127 per cent at primary level\n(138.8 per cent for the host community) and 62 per cent at secondary level (42.5 per cent for the host\ncommunity). The number of refugee students enrolled in universities is minimal (estimated at 4 per cent of\nthe age group for tertiary education) as a result of unaffordable fees (approximately $4,000 per academic\nyear) and the very limited number of scholarships available. The Government pledged at the [Global](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\n[Refugee Forum in December 2019 to improve the quality of education in refugee and host-community](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html)\nsettings through upgraded infrastructure and increased equipment and teaching and learning materials,\nto expand technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and to support the country\u2019s TVET\ninfrastructure and provide related equipment.\n\n\nKinyarwanda is the language of instruction in pre-primary and lower primary education, whereas English\nis the language used at all other levels. To ensure the adequate and timely integration of refugees into the\nnational education system, learners are supported with language training in Kinyarwanda, by humanitarian\npartners. Students who arrive after the start of the academic year are provided with catch-up classes\nsupported by humanitarian actors. However, this latter programme has been scaled down as students\nhave been progressively integrating into the national system.\n\n\nRefugees can obtain administrative documents and certification of their foreign diplomas for employment\nor education purposes. The Rwandan Education Board has a dedicated certification process for foreign\ndiplomas. Access to national driving licences and recognition of driving licences from the country of origin,\nrequire possession of a refugee ID card.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\n[Following up on the commitments](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hamon_unhcr_org/Documents/Desktop/DIP/WB/Rwanda/\u2022%09https:/www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/Rwanda_s_commitments_on_Refugee_inclusion_2016.pdf) [made during the 2016 New York Leaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees, the](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/58526bb24/overview-leaders-summit-on-refugees.html)\nGovernment took the necessary policy steps in 2019 to integrate urban refugees into the national\nCommunity-Based Health Insurance (CBHI), a scheme managed by the national insurance administrator.\nAll urban refugees who wish to enrol and present refugee ID Cards are enrolled in the Community-Based\nHealth Insurance system. Thanks to their enrolment in the CBHI, urban refugees have access at 10 per\ncent cost to all the primary care services provided by public health centres and can be referred to\nsecondary or tertiary reference hospitals if required.\n\n\nRefugees in camps receive health-care services from the UNHCR-supported health facilities run in\ncollaboration with the Government and partner organizations as part of the humanitarian refugee response\nin the country. These include primary health care, sexual and reproductive health services, mental health\nand psychosocial support, care for non-communicable diseases as well as nutrition screening and\nmanagement. Secondary-level health care is provided at district and national hospitals with which\nagreements exist. At tertiary level, one implementing partner of UNHCR has an agreement with various\nhealth facilities and receives refugee patients from locations all across the country.\n\n\nUrban female refugees enrolled in CBHI can access sexual and reproductive health services, including\nmaternal and neonatal health services, and other women\u2019s services through the national health system.\nEven if not yet enrolled in CBHI, refugee women and girls can, like Rwandan women, access sexual and\nreproductive services that are free of charge for nationals. Other sexual and reproductive health services\nare accessible, but they are not free, such as antenatal care, normal and C-section delivery, management\nof childbirth complications, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, etc. HIV and Hepatitis screening\nand treatment, as well as contraceptives, are available free of charge at public facilities for nationals and\nrefugees equally, regardless of CBHI enrollment. In rural areas, all refugee women and girls can access\nsexual and reproductive health services through humanitarian NGOs Refugees routinely and fully avail\nthemselves of the right to these services.\n\n\nIn keeping with national priorities to eliminate Hepatitis C in Rwanda by 2024, all refugees in Rwanda (in\ncamps and urban settings) have been integrated into the national subsidised hepatitis elimination\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nprogramme since September 2019. This is in addition to the existing national subsidised health programmes\nfor immunization, family planning, malaria, HIV and TB, which cover refugees in all settings. The commitment\nto eliminate Hepatitis C was reiterated in a pledge made by the Government at the GRF in December 2019\n\n\nThe draft national COVID-19 response plan includes refugee camps as high-risk, vulnerable locations. In\nleading the COVID-19 response, the Government conducts testing and case management for refugees\nacross the country.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nRwanda implements different schemes and programmes in the social protection sector as part of its\neconomic development and poverty reduction strategy. As illustrated above, some of the schemes that\ncover the majority of Rwandans also extend to urban refugees.\n\n\nAs at June 2020, approximately 40,000 refugees were registered with specific needs, representing 25\nper cent of the refugee population in Rwanda. In the refugee camps, identified vulnerable refugees,\nincluding elderly persons and those living with disabilities, receive blanket cash assistance and have\naccess to specialized service (devices, supplementary feeding, psychosocial services, rehabilitation, etc.)\nSupported by UNHCR and provided by its partners. In urban settings, identifying refugees with special\nneeds is challenging, as is their referral to specialized health services where available. UNHCR provides\nlimited financial support to the most at-risk urban refugees on a case-by-case basis.\n\n\n[The commitment of the Government to the CRRF provides a platform to initiate a dialogue between the](https://www.unhcr.org/comprehensive-refugee-response-framework-crrf.html)\nauthorities and international partners, with the aim of gradually aligning humanitarian aid and support with\nthe objective of broader social and economic inclusion and fostering development opportunities for\nrefugees and local communities alike. Technical working-level meetings are planned to be hold in each\nthematic pledging area and a steering committee should meet every six months to review the progress\nmade.\n\n\nOther avenues allow for dialogue between the authorities and a broad range of humanitarian and\ndevelopment actors on refugee inclusion and socioeconomic development through existing frameworks\n[and strategic engagement, such as in the United Nations Development Assistance Plan II \u2013 UNDAP II,](https://rwanda.un.org/en/3597-united-nations-development-assistance-plan-undap-ii-2018-2023-summary)\n2018\u20132023 \u2013 which is linked to the [National Strategy for Transformation](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/National_Strategy_For_Trsansformation_-NST1.pdf) (NST1), which focuses on economic\nand social transformation and transformational governance.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\n[Rwanda has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child through Presidential Order No 773/16 of](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx)\nSeptember 1991, the [optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opaccrc.aspx)\n[children in Armed Confict](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opaccrc.aspx) through Presidential Order No 32/01 of February 2002 and the [Optional Protocol](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opsccrc.aspx)\n[on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography through](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opsccrc.aspx)\nPresidential Order No 32/1 of February 2002.In 2001, Rwanda passed [Law No 27/2001 of 2001 Relating to](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c423cb2.html)\nRights and Protection of the Child Against Violence and, in 2018, Law [No 71/2018 Relating to the Protection](http://197.243.22.137/migeprof/fileadmin/user_upload/Child_Protection_Law__2018.08.31.pdf)\nof the Child.\n\n\n[A National Commission for Children (NCC) was established by Law No 22/2011 as an independent body](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/93161/108815/F1728990930/RWA-93161.pdf)\nunder the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF) mandated to promote and protect\nchildren\u2019s rights. In 2011, the [National Integrated Child Rights Policy (ICRP) was issued with a view to](https://www.refworld.org/docid/609f35ff4.html)\nfulfilling all children\u2019s rights, including those of refugee children as per Article 5.7 (\u201cAll refugee children in\nRwanda, accompanied or unaccompanied by adult family members will have all the rights stipulated in this\npolicy\u201d). Subsequently, a Road Map for National Child Protection Systems and Protection of Refugee\nChildren (2017\u20132022) was developed by MIGEPROF and NCC with the support of UNHCR and UNICEF.\nThe Government of Rwanda is committed to strengthening child protection systems at all administrative\nlevels through a cadre of professional staff and the involvement of other relevant Ministries. The competent\nchild protection institutions are going through structural reforms and a new Bill is before the Parliament.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nAt camp level, UNHCR leads the protection response for at-risk refugee children in collaboration with the\npartners & authorities, notably the camp management & national social service workforce, and within the\nframework of the existing roadmap for child protection. In parallel, efforts have been made at the district\nlevel by the NCC to engage with refugees and host communities to address child protection issues and\nbuild their respective capacities. The best interest determination process for refugee children involves\ngovernment staff. Best care options are explored in line with national alternative care policies and in\ncoordination with the NCC.\n\n\nNational structures like Isange One-stop Centres provide multisectoral responses to child abuse and\nSGBV cases. They are accessible to refugees. UNHCR continues to provide SGBV-related services in the\ncamps through its non-governmental partners.\n\n\nA National Technical Working Group on protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) and\nGender has been established, by the United Nations country team, in collaboration with ONE United\nNations and a national PSEA action plan has been developed. It is on a quarterly basis to discuss updates,\nissues and challenges. Several trainings have been organized under the action plan.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nRwanda has a progressive legal framework in terms of gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment,\nwhich provides for the prevention of gender-based violence and for the protection of survivors of such\nforms of violence.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nWhile generally refugees are included in policy and Government support and oversight in Rwanda, their\ninclusion could be improved in terms of practical application. For example, as the Government has made\ngreat commitments towards refugee inclusion in social and economic life of the country, implementation\nand advocacy still need to be initiated. Refugee inclusion in the social safety net concerning health care\nhas been exemplary, even under the tight conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Refugee inclusion in the\neducation system has been eased both by investment of international actors, and the benefit of a shared\ncommon language and culture between the refugees and their hosting communities. However, tertiary\neducation is expensive for both refugees and host communities, but because of relative income disparity,\nrefugees have extremely limited options to access tertiary education, whether in Rwanda or abroad.\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nWe note that refugee women face, as above, a disadvantage in terms of job opportunities and livelihood\ninterventions because of their generally lower level of education. Furthermore, attention could be paid to\nensure the access to protection services for vulnerable persons for both refugee and hosting communities,\nparticularly female headed households, women and girls living with disabilities, elderly women,\nunaccompanied and separated girls and female victims of human trafficking. Being a refugee adds an\nextra layer to this complexity.\n\n\nUNHCR would be interested in further assistance by the Government in terms of advocacy with the private\nsector in clarifying the availability of refugees as workers, as well as training and hiring refugees, particularly\nin the urban areas. It would also be useful, in our view, to expand the marshland projects into other areas\nto facilitate inclusion of refugee agriculturalists into their communities.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984] \u2022 [Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1962]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989]\n\n[cation date: 3 Jan 1980)]\n## \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951][1][ (Ratif] \u2022 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 1990](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families)\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations ]\n\n[Convention against Organized Crime (2000)](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=479dee062&skip=0&query=Protocol%20Convention%20against%20Transnational%20Organized%20Crime,%202000)\n## \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967][2] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003] \u2022 [UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 26 reserving the right to determine the place of residence of refugees and to establish limits to their freedom of\nmovement.\n2 Article IV (settlements of disputes).\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0572bc91-55d0-386e-acd9-c2924d65346d/Rwanda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_622/raw/doc_622_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_622/raw/doc_622_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cb9d4d3f0ff338f660ae4a1044ace6dd123f19c8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_622/raw/doc_622_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2020)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||||||**7**
**48**
**12**|\n|||||||||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **RPRF Policy Dimensions**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThe strain placed on infrastructure by the presence of refugees and refugee camps in certain areas\ncontinues to require the interventions of the relevant ministries which also benefit host communities: the\nMinistry in Charge of Emergency Management (MINEMA) and the Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC)\nworking with the Local Administrative Entities Development Agency (LODA) in coordination with the Ministry\nin Charge of Infrastructure (MININFRA). The District Development Plans also include refugees and cover the\nrefugee camps.\n\n\nThe National Social Protection Policy and Sector Strategic Plan (2018/19\u20132023/24) has continued to provide\nsocial protection coverage for all Rwandan nationals, including through safety nets and social cash transfers.\nThe Policy entrusts the [Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC)](https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minaloc/Publications/Useful_Documents/Social_Protection_Sector_Strategic_Plan.pdf) with responsibility for citizens\u2019 social\nprotection. While there are no specific support measures for host community members negatively affected\nby the presence of refugees, Rwandan nationals within the host community have continued to benefit from\nnational programs during the reporting period. Furthermore, host community members can benefit from\nfree services available to refugees in the camps. For example, Rwandan nationals are also a significant\npercentage of beneficiaries in nearby schools, health facilities, and livelihoods\u2019 programming available in\nthe refugee camps in the reporting period.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe applicable national policies that help in identifying, preventing, and mitigating potential social tensions\nin refugee-hosting areas have remained unchanged during the period. The [Ministerial Instructions no](https://www.minema.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=19387&token=2664f560582056cbac1f955b404165b00be74bad)\n[02/2016 introduced in June 2016 to guide the management of refugees and refugee camps](https://www.minema.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=19387&token=2664f560582056cbac1f955b404165b00be74bad) highlight the\nimportance of promoting social cohesion in refugee hosting areas by emphasizing the concept of \u201cgood\nneighborhood\u201d between the Rwandan community and refugees. The instructions also focus on resolving\ndisputes between refugees and local residents. These inclusive policies align with the Comprehensive\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF) and commitments made at the Global Refugee Forum (GRF) and\nhave continued to positively contribute to holistic social cohesion among refugees and host communities in\nRwanda throughout the reporting period.\n\n\nPursuant to a Global Refugee Forum (GRF) commitment, joint agricultural projects between refugee and\nhost community households were initiated from September 2018 to August 2021 in Mugombwa as part of\nlivelihood promotion, targeting 1,427 farmer households, of whom 300 are refugees. The Misizi Marshland\njoint agriculture project model proved successful in enabling refugees and host communities to work\ntogether for improved income, food security and peaceful coexistence. Starting in 2020, the success of\nthe Misizi project was an incentive for other refugee hosting districts to avail marshlands for replication of\na similar joint agriculture project targeting 1,883 households on two other marshlands, namely, Mushishito\nmarshland (70ha) in Nyamagabe District covering Kigeme refugee camp; and Nyabicwamba marshland\n(23ha) in Gatsibo District covering Nyabiheke refugee camp.\n\n\nOverall, refugees living in camps and in urban areas continue to maintain social, economic, and family ties\nwith the host community, with whom they share cultural and linguistic similarities. As a result, the Rwandan\nhost population has remained with a positive attitude and a fair level of acceptance towards refugees,\ndespite underlying issues that could challenge social cohesion such as overcrowding of schools, soil erosion\nand deforestation in and around some of the camps.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\n[Law No. 37/2016 of 08/09/2016 on Determining Organisation, Jurisdiction, Competence and Functioning](https://www.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Laws/Abunzi_Law_of_20-09-2016.pdf)\n[of an Abunzi Committee provides for committees at cell and sectoral levels (Abunzi) consisting of seven](https://www.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Laws/Abunzi_Law_of_20-09-2016.pdf)\nelected residents. These committees provide mediation services as a prerequisite before any party can\nbring an action before a competent court on any civil matter and on some specific criminal offences.\nThey primarily operate for the benefit of Rwandan citizens, and refugees cannot be elected as Abunzi\ncommittee members. In refugee settings, there are separate refugee-led conflict resolution committees\nthat continued to operate with the aim to prevent issues from escalating and to resolve conflicts informally.\nThese are separate from the MINEMA-established refugee executive committee structure which provides\nrepresentation for refugee communities. Conflicts between refugees and nationals are addressed by an\nAbunzi committee, alternatively, refugees can ask the camp manager from MINEMA or the legal partners of\nUNHCR for intervention/support.\n\n\nThe policy frameworks, including the Constitution of Rwanda (Articles 10, 15, and 16) continues to safeguard\nthe equality of all persons before the law and their entitlement to the protection of the law without any\ndiscrimination.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe policy frameworks to mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees remain unchanged in this\n[period. The Biomass Energy Strategy, the Water and Sanitation Strategy and the Environmental Law (Law](https://www.cleancookingalliance.org/sector-resources/resource-database/35.html)\n[No 48/2018 of 13/08/2018 on Environment) have continued to provide the legal and policy framework for](https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/2018-10/Water law gazetted%2C2018.pdf)\nenvironmental management in Rwanda.\n\n\nBased on the [Ministerial Instructions no 02/ 2016 of 1/6/2016 determining the management of refugees and](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/Laws_and_Policies/Ministerial_instructions_relating_to_the_management_of_refugees_and_refugee_camps.pdf)\n[refugee camps](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/Laws_and_Policies/Ministerial_instructions_relating_to_the_management_of_refugees_and_refugee_camps.pdf) that include environment management in camps and the restoration of the environment\nin refugee-hosting areas, refugees have continued to participate in activities intended to protect the\nenvironment, including participation in joint community work. Refugees participated in tree-planting activities\nover the past two years, with over 400,000 tree seedlings, mainly fruit trees, across the camps. Refugees\nalso constructed soil and water conservation measures to protect against soil erosion.\n\n\nIn line with the October 2018 directive to cease the use of newly chopped firewood, and encouraging the\nadoption of cleaner cooking alternatives, in July 2021, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) was introduced in Mahama\nand Mugombwa camps. Currently, about 64 per cent of the refugee population are using clean cooking\nmethods (LPG). Additionally, pellets and clean cooking Higher Tier stove technology were introduced in\ncamps hosting Congolese refugees and asylum-seekers through a market-based approach benefitting\n4,200 families.\n\n\nIn line with Law No 17 /2019 on single-use plastic items, the Government has continued to gradually replace\nplastic sheets with corrugated iron sheets in camps and settlements. This has affected the provision of\nrefugee housing units, tents, and plastic tarpaulins as emergency shelter options. The construction of\nshelters using plastic tarpaulins have been gradually replaced by corrugated iron sheets, mainly in Kiziba,\nNyabiheke and the now closed Gihembe camps.\n\n\nThese efforts align with Rwanda\u2019s GRF commitments made in December 2019 to provide renewable energy\nsolutions, environmental protection, and resilient refugee settlements in both host communities and refugee\nareas. Resource limitations have hindered full implementation.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nThe refugee emergency response is part of the National Contingency Planning framework regarding\npopulation influxes. The response to refugee inflows continues to be coordinated by MINEMA with\nsignificant support by UNHCR and partner funding, guided by inter-agency Refugee Response Plans (RRPs),\nwhich address primary emergency needs. MINEMA has proactively developed several contingency plans to\nrespond to various potential situations including refugee inflows.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, there were no legal or policy changes to the refugee law framework in Rwanda.\n\n\n[The Law No 13ter/2014 of 21/05/2014 Relating to Refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) [complemented by Prime Minister\u2019s Order No](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\n[112/03 of 2015 have continued to provide the overall national legal framework for protection of refugees](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\n[in Rwanda. Article 18 of the 2014 Refugee Law stipulates that \u2018without prejudice to other laws, any person](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nhaving obtained refugee status in Rwanda shall enjoy the rights and liberties provided for by international\ninstruments on refugees ratified by Rwanda\u2019. By virtue of this broad formulation and in the absence of any\ncontradictory legal provisions, refugees continue to be legally entitled to enjoy a wide range of social,\neconomic, civil, and political rights in Rwanda. Additionally, Article 21 of the [2014 Refugee Law enshrines the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nprinciple of non-refoulement.\n\n\nWhile there have been no amendments to the above legislation during the reporting period, there is an\nopportunity for further improvements, particularly in specifying the rights and liberties granted to refugees\nand asylum-seekers. Providing a more detailed enumeration of these specific rights within the above law\ncould be beneficial to foster socio-economic integration of refugees and create further legal awareness\namong all stakeholders.\n\n\nFurther, the Prime Minister\u2019s Order continues to provide for the functioning and composition of the National\nRefugee Status Determination Committee (NRSDC). Additionally to the [2014 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) and the [2015](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\n[Prime Minister\u2019s Order, Article 47, last paragraph of the Law No.30/2018 on Determining the Jurisdiction of](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\n[Courts provides jurisdiction to the High Court to adjudicate cases relating to the applications for asylum.](https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-06-29-no-26.pdf)\nOver the past three years, there has been one known case of an appeal submitted to the High Court\nresulting in a positive ruling which has granted refugee status to the applicant.\n\n\nThe legislation outlined above sets essential standards for national refugee status determination. However,\nthere are opportunities for strengthening the existing legal framework and improving its implementation to\nenhance the national asylum through technical assistance to DGIE (Directorate-General of Immigration and\nEmigration) and MINEMA, notably through regular meetings, inter alia under the Asylum Technical Working\nGroup, with its inaugural meeting held in June 2023.\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, certain improvements have been made to increase awareness of how to access\nasylum procedures. These include the publication of relevant laws on MINEMA and DGIE websites. In\naddition, UNHCR and NGO partners continue to provide legal information on access to asylum procedures\nand legal counselling. The information on the asylum process has further been updated on UNHCR\u2019s website\nhelp page in the commonly spoken refugee languages to increase awareness among asylum-seekers.\n\n\nThe Government, in collaboration with UNHCR and other partners, is making efforts to raise awareness on\nrefugee rights to engage in wage-earning employment and to access socioeconomic opportunities.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Congolese population that arrived during the inflows of 1996 and in 2012\u20132013, as well as the Burundian\nnationals who arrived in 2015, continue to enjoy refugee status granted by the Government of Rwanda\non a prima facie basis in line with Article 13 of the 2014 [Refugee Law. All newly arriving asylum-seekers](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nwho did not come at the time of the main influxes, irrespective of country of origin, undergo individualized\nrefugee status determination (RSD). As of August 2020, the Government of Rwanda has ceased to grant\nrefugee status on a prima facie basis for people originating from Burundi, whose case have since then been\nassessed and adjudicated through an individualized refugee status determination procedure by the National\nRSD Committee (NRDSC). Additionally, Rwanda has continued to receive new arrivals fleeing insecurity in\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nthe DRC in numbers that exceeded 10,000 including during 2022 and the first half of 2023. Although their\nlegal status is yet to be determined by the Government of Rwanda, these individuals have been registered\nas asylum-seekers and provided with the necessary assistance such as shelter, food, health, screening, and\nrelocation in coordination with UNHCR and other humanitarian actors.\n\n\nDuring the period under review, there have been no known cases of termination of refugee status by way\nof cancellation, revocation, or cessation.\n\n\nOver the past three years, the accessibility of the national asylum procedures has remained inconsistent.\nDGIE has continued to conduct screenings of asylum-seekers and to decide whether to refer them to\nNRSDC to register and process their asylum applications. Consequently, some individuals who wished to\nseek asylum were unable to do so, leading to a risk of detention, deportation, and refoulement. UNHCR has\nhighlighted to MINEMA and DGIE that these instances are at variance with the principle of non-refoulement\nfound in Article 33 of the [1951 Refugee Convention](https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821) and other international human rights instruments.\nDGIE\u2019s role as per the Law includes reviewing asylum applications and referring them to NRSDC within\n15 days but not screening out of any asylum applications. Several areas of improvement of the Rwandan\nasylum system have been identified. UNHCR has proposed to engage on these with the relevant authorities\nand to provide support for their capacity development. Enhancing the national asylum system is a long-term\nprocess that requires systems thinking and a shift in approach.\n\n\nDue to COVID-related measures, all land borders of Rwanda were closed starting from March 2020, meaning\nthat access to territory was restricted. The borders were gradually re-opened and as of October 2022, all\nborders were fully open.\n\n\nAll registered refugees on Rwandan territory continue to receive a Proof of Registration (PoR) from MINEMA\nand UNHCR. Like nationals, refugees above 16 years old except those in transit residing at ETM are also\nentitled to a (refugee) ID card, issued by the competent authority for identity management, National\nIdentification Agency (NIDA) in collaboration with MINEMA. The refugee ID is considered to constitute\na residence and work permit and it provides legal identity credentials permitting access to public and private\nservices.\n\n\nRegistered asylum-seekers hold a temporary residence permit issued by DGIE with a validity of three\nmonths, which is renewable.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe coordination structure for refugee management continues to be primarily managed by the Ministry in\nCharge of Emergency Management (MINEMA) at national and local levels. MINEMA shares decision-making\nand operational responsibilities with other ministries and institutions, such as the Ministry of Finance and\nEconomic Planning (MINCOFIN), the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI), the Ministry of Justice (MINIJUST),\nthe Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation\n(MINAFFET), the Ministry of Health (MoH), the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), the Directorate General of\nImmigration and Emigration (DGIE), NIDA (National Identification Agency) and Rwanda National Police (RNP).\nAll these Ministries and relevant State agencies contribute to operationalizing inclusion of refugees into\nnational systems through a whole-of-government approach to poverty reduction and a gradual shift away\nfrom the traditional \u201ccare and maintenance\u201d model for protracted refugee situations. These collaborations\nhave been further strengthened since the introduction of the CRRF approach. MINEMA and UNHCR jointly\ncontinue to ensure coordination among donors through quarterly meetings. Additionally, MINEMA engages\nwith other Ministries as needed to ensure a collaborative approach.\n\n\nIn practice, the Refugee Coordination Model (RCM) has continued to provide the institutional framework\nfor refugee management. UNHCR co-coordinates the refugee response in Rwanda with the Ministry for\nEmergency Management (MINEMA) to ensure protection and basic assistance for all refugees in the country,\nas well as strong camp management, while also identifying appropriate durable solutions. As per the Refugee\nCoordination Model (RCM), an annual Refugee Response Plan (RRP) managed by UNHCR exists in Rwanda\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nto coordinate the interagency response, avoid duplication, and maximize complementarities. In 2023, 17\ndifferent organizations have confirmed their participation in the Rwanda country RRP. On a quarterly basis,\npartners and organizations who are part of the RCM meet to discuss the situation facing refugees in Rwanda\nas well as progress and challenges they are facing. The following sectors are also in operation in Rwanda:\nProtection, Education, Health & Nutrition, Food, Livelihoods, Shelter, Energy & Environment, WASH, and\na Child Protection and GBV sub-sector. UNHCR is the lead coordinator, together with relevant government\nactors for all sector working groups apart from Food which is led by WFP.\n\n\nFurthermore, four Technical Committees continue to meet regularly to implement the 2019 GRF pledges.\nThese Technical Committees cover Health, Education, Energy and Environment, and Protection. These\nmeetings involve UNHCR, MINEMA, other government institutions, and partners involved in the pledges. The\ndiscussions in these meetings focus on progress, challenges, areas for improvement, and recommendations.\nConsultations with stakeholders, including local authorities at district and sector levels in all 10 refugee\nhosting districts, are ongoing to advance the GCR at the field level and advocate for further refugee inclusion\nin programs and strategic development plans at the district level. These efforts contribute to achieving the\nfirst GCR objective related to burden sharing with refugee hosting countries.\n\n\nRefugees are explicitly included in the Government-approved [United Nations Sustainable Development](https://rwanda.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/UNSDCF 2018 - 2024.pdf)\n[Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) for Rwanda (2018-2024), with an emphasis on promoting a humanitarian-](https://rwanda.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/UNSDCF 2018 - 2024.pdf)\n[development-peace nexus approach and promoting integration and self-reliance for refugees. Pursuant](https://rwanda.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/UNSDCF 2018 - 2024.pdf)\nto SDG 16.9, refugees are part of the Government\u2019s objectives to achieve universal birth registration and\naccess to proofs of legal identity for all, as laid out in the [2018 Law Governing Registration of the Population](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2018/en/123714)\n[and Issuance of National Identity Card](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2018/en/123714) and the [2023 Law Governing Population Registration in the National](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2023/rw-government-gazette-dated-2023-06-15-no-Special.pdf)\n[Single Digital Identity System. In March 2019, a Strategic Plan for Refugee Inclusion 2019\u20132024 (SP) was](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2023/rw-government-gazette-dated-2023-06-15-no-Special.pdf)\nissued by the Government, providing for integration into national services such as education and health, as\nwell as socioeconomic and financial inclusion.\n\n\nThe refugee community continues to have a structured, elected executive committee and chooses\nleadership at the blocks and village level. In addition to the refugee community leadership, there are\ndifferent representation bodies in the camps, such as youth groups, women\u2019s groups, sports groups, etc.\nthat have continued to provide refugee inputs and feedback to the Government. Elections are due to take\nplace since the last election was in 2018. UNHCR works to ensure greater participation of refugee women in\nvarious community structures, including in leadership roles. Together with PFR (Prison Fellowship Rwanda),\nits implementing partner engaged in community-based protection, UNHCR also works to include non-DRC\nand non-Burundian displaced people in the leadership structure.\n\n\nUNHCR Complaints and Feedback Mechanisms (CFM) continue to be used in the camps depending on\nthe sectors of interventions. Refugees in camps can also approach the MINEMA offices and raise concerns\ndirectly with MINEMA staff. Additionally, MINEMA and UNHCR organize large community meetings at which\nrefugees can ask questions on different policies and services, including newly introduced initiatives.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nAs per the [2008 Law Governing Registration of the Population and Issuance of National Identity Card](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2008/rw-government-gazette-dated-2008-07-16-no-special.pdf)\nsubsequently amended by the [Law No.44/2018 of 13/08/2018 Governing Registration of the Population and](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2018/en/123714)\n[Issuance of the National Identity Card and by the Law No.029/2023 of 14 June 2023 governing population](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2023/rw-government-gazette-dated-2023-06-15-no-Special.pdf)\n[registration in the national single digital identity, recognized refugees over 16 years of age have continued](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2023/rw-government-gazette-dated-2023-06-15-no-Special.pdf)\nto be entitled to a refugee identity card during the reporting period. While refugees and asylum-seekers\nhave already been included in the population register at par with nationals, the [Law No.029/2023 of 14 June](https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2023/rw-government-gazette-dated-2023-06-15-no-Special.pdf)\n2023 has also included refugees and asylum-seekers into the digital identity system. In a bid to further\nimplement the commitment from the 2016 New York Leader\u2019s Summit on Refugees to ensure 100 per cent\ncoverage and the protection/documentation pledge made at the GRF in December 2019, NIDA with support\nof MINEMA are working together closely on ensuring full coverage and enhancing access at camp level. As\nof 30 June 2023, 83.4 per cent of eligible refugees were in possession of ID cards. Access to the Community\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nBased Health Insurance scheme in urban areas requires refugees to have a valid refugee ID card. Having\na refugee ID card also enables refugees to access other essential services such as telecommunications\n(SIM cards/contracts), banking and financial services, access to the labor market without any requisite work\npermit and other socio-economic opportunities as well as other services. In practice, refugee ID cards are\nwell-recognized by all relevant authorities and private sector actors.\n\n\nThese cards are issued at a low cost of RWF 500 (approximately USD 0.50), which is still covered by UNHCR\nand is commensurate with the cost of issuance of national IDs. The cost of renewal is the same as for initial\napplications and the replacement cost in the event of loss is RWF 1,500 or approximately USD 1.50. The ID\ncard is valid for a period of five years and can be renewed as long as the person holding it remains a refugee\nin Rwanda. The format of the card is the same as the ID card for nationals and foreign residents, with each\nindividual being assigned a unique identifier.\n\n\nThe proof of registration (PoR) issued by UNHCR and MINEMA to all refugees on Rwandan territory (see\nsub-dimension 2.2) is a document including the family composition and biometric details of each individual,\nwhich enables them to access most humanitarian services. However, for access to national private and\npublic services in the country, a refugee ID is required. Asylum-seekers admitted to the procedure are issued\nwith a Temporary Residence Permit by DGIE which equally permits access to humanitarian assistance and\nsome basic essential services provided by the host government (e.g., education, birth registration) except\nfor registration for Community Based Health Insurance.\n\n\nIn line with [Law No 57/2018 on Immigration and Emigration, refugees have continued to be entitled to](https://www.migration.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf_files/law_immigration_and_emigration.pdf)\nreceive from DGIE Machine Readable Convention Travel Documents (MRCTDs) meeting International Civil\nAviation Organization (ICAO) standards, for travel outside of Rwanda for business, schooling abroad and\nany other valid reasons, during the reporting period. The MRCTDs are valid for five years and cannot be\nrenewed outside of Rwanda.\n\n\nRefugees have continued to access civil registration services to register birth, marriages, divorces, and deaths\noccurring in Rwanda and to obtain corresponding civil documentation. In 2020, a National Statelessness\nTaskforce was created, and efforts are underway to ensure access to birth registration for all refugees born\nin Rwanda, irrespective of their age. Civil registration services are managed under the Ministry of Local\n[Government (MINALOC). Amendments to Law No 32/2016 of 28/08/2016 Governing Persons and Family](https://www.nida.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Law_amending_Law_n___32_2016_of_28_08_2016_governing_persons_and_family.pdf)\nin 2020 introduced a decentralized birth registration procedure to be carried out at health facilities and at\ncells (local administration) level to ensure that every child\u2019s birth is registered immediately after delivery.\nA personal unique identifier is assigned during the birth registration process and the Civil Registration\nand Vital Statistics System is interlinked with other government systems, such as the National Population\nRegistry, the Integrated Health Management system, and others. In the reporting period, the Government of\nRwanda has redoubled efforts to ensure that each refugee born in Rwanda, irrespective of his/her age, has\nher birth registered and certified. The birth certificate is then recorded in the refugee database. As of 30\nJune 2023, birth registration coverage for refugees born in Rwanda, irrespective of age, has now reached\n92 per cent.\n\n\nRefugees not born in Rwanda whose birth has not been registered in their country of birth or who may\nhave fled without their birth certificate may have access to substitute birth registration documentation. This\npractice is in line with administrative assistance to be provided to refugees under Article 25 of [1951 Refugee](https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821)\n[Convention.](https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821)\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nIn general, refugees have continued to enjoy a similar level of security to Rwandan nationals during the reporting\nperiod. MINEMA, in collaboration with the Rwanda National Police, has ensured the security of refugees living\nin camp settings. During participatory assessments with refugees and asylum-seekers, they reported that they\nmostly do not face serious security concerns, considering the strong level of safety and security in Rwanda. In\nline with trends in many countries, during COVID-19, some refugees reported an increase in domestic violence\nrisks.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Population\nRegistry", - "confidence": 0.6087746024131775, - "start": 574, - "end": 577 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.89966881275177, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6337247490882874, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees born\nin Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.535578191280365, - "start": 462, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee database", - "confidence": 0.9979355335235596, - "start": 630, - "end": 632 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "birth certificate", - "confidence": 0.5610379576683044, - "start": 682, - "end": 684 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9340983629226685, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7157007455825806, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8060857653617859, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, in line with [Law No 68/2018 of 30/08/2018, which criminalizes gender-based](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2018/en/123720)\nviolence in all its forms and prescribes heavy sentences for child defilement, marital rape, sexual violence, and\nharassment of a spouse, refugees have continued to be entitled to similar levels of protection as nationals.\n[Law No 71/2018 of 31/08/2018](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2018/en/123717) relating to child protection has provided the legal framework for provision of\nnecessary assistance to any refugee or asylum-seeking child to ensure enjoyment of their rights (Article 19).\nNational structures, such as Isange One-Stop Centres run by Rwanda Investigation Bureau in coordination\nwith hospitals, offer multisectoral responses to child victims of abuse and to Gender Based Violence (GBV)\nsurvivors across the country and have been fully accessible to refugees during the reporting period. Certain\nchallenges remain, including social stigma and fear of retaliation leading to underreporting, as well as the\ndistance from some refugee camps to Isange One Stop Centres and overstretched response services.\n\n\nIn addition, to complement the national systems, UNHCR and partners continue to implement GBV prevention\nand response activities for refugees and asylum-seekers, although resource constraints hinder full compliance\nwith international caseload standards and limit full provision of needed services.\n\n\nArticle 15 of the Constitution continues to provide for equality before the law and equal protection of law for\neveryone in Rwanda. As per Article 18 of the [2014 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) and Article 12 (f) of [the Ministerial Instructions](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\n[Determining the Management of Refugees and Refugee Camps, asylum-seekers and refugees enjoy the right](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\nto access justice and legal representation. However, there is currently no legal instrument that specifically\nincludes refugees which would make them eligible for legal aid on the same basis as nationals. While Article\n12(f) of the Ministerial Instructions on the Management of Refugees and Refugee Camps guarantees the right\nof access to justice and legal representation for refugees, it does not specify whether this access is free. In\nterms of practical challenges, court fees and legal representation fees can be financial barriers for refugees\nseeking justice in court. Therefore, UNHCR and its partners provide free legal counselling and representation\nin certain categories of cases. To address this gap, UNHCR is also exploring cooperation with the Rwanda Bar\nAssociation and other legal aid actors to include refugees in pro bono legal aid services and to advocate for\nrevision of the [2014 National Legal Aid Policy](https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Policies/Legal_Aid_Policy.pdf) to explicitly include vulnerable refugees as a beneficiary. There\nare language barriers with certain populations of asylum-seekers and refugees and when requested by the\nrelevant authorities, UNHCR continues to support by providing the necessary language support.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThe national legal and policy frameworks governing freedom of movement and choice of residence\n[remain unchanged in the prescribed period. Article 18 of the 2014 Refugee Law enshrines into national law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nthe enjoyment of all rights accorded to refugees by the [1951 Refugee Convention, including freedom of](https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821)\nmovement and residence. However, camp-based refugees need to request permission to leave the camp\ntemporarily if they wish to maintain their residence in camps and access to assistance, in line with Article\n[25 (2) of the 2014 Refugee Law. In practice, refugees have normally settled in camps, as it enables them](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nto receive humanitarian assistance. Asylum-seekers in possession of a Temporary Residence Permit can\nrequest relocation to a camp to receive assistance by approaching MINEMA.\n\n\nThis permission to leave the camp is issued in the form of a permit to leave the camp for a period of three\nmonths, on the MINEMA camp management\u2019s decision and must be renewed at the camp. In practice,\nthis permit is readily accessible to refugees and can be renewed without challenges. If not renewed, the\nrefugees lose their entitlement to camp-based assistance, except access to healthcare and legal support.\nWhile living outside the camp with such a permit and if the individual is in need of healthcare, the individual\nmust return to the camp to access camp-based health care because he/she is not covered by Community\nBased Health Insurance (CBHI). In practice, once refugees have settled in a new place of residence, they\nmust report to the local authority, as do citizens. Like nationals, refugees are expected to carry an identity\ndocument whenever moving around (PoR or refugee ID card).\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nDuring COVID-19, restrictions including curfews, movement and travel restrictions, and other regulations\napplied equally to all persons in the territory. As a result of the lockdown and suspension of non-essential\nservices due to the pandemic, freedom of movement from camps was suspended for an extended period,\nnegatively impacting refugees\u2019 self-reliance and livelihoods. For urban refugees, movement restrictions\nseverely affected their ability to access their jobs. As many refugees lack resources such as computers/\nsmart phones and/or internet access, the lockdown also hindered access to education. Other protection\nrisks worsened because of COVID-19. For example, restricted access to camps and the reduced presence\nof UNHCR and partners aggravated the risk of GBV and affected the delivery of child protection services.\nThe Government\u2019s COVID-19 response applied equally to everyone but had a particularly severe impact on\nrefugees due to their already vulnerable socio-economic condition. However, as of the end of the reporting\nperiod, these restrictions have been lifted for the entire population, including refugees, thereby resuming\nfreedom of movement. Similarly, restrictions to cross-border movement of people have also been removed,\nand trade across borders is slowly resuming.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nArticle 18 of the [2014 Refugee Law continues to provide the legal framework for refugees\u2019 right to work and](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nrights at work. In practice, refugees in Rwanda continue to be entitled to seek and obtain wage-earning\nemployment without the precondition to obtain additional documents or work permits. The sole presentation\nof their national refugee ID card is sufficient to sign a labor contract with an employer.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, a joint MINEMA and UNHCR strategy on economic inclusion of refugees\nand host communities in Rwanda for 2021-2024 was developed focusing on enhancing self-reliance and\ngraduation from extreme poverty. Stakeholders are working on preparing for the next iteration of this\nstrategy.\n\n\nRefugees in possession of a driving license continue to stand a higher chance of finding employment\nbecause it is a marketable skill. Despite this enabling environment for refugees to access wage-earning\nemployment, securing a job remains difficult to achieve for several reasons: employers\u2019 lack of awareness\nabout refugees\u2019 right to work, inadequate skill sets, limited employment opportunities in the labor market\nin Rwanda and limited access to land for farming. There is also a challenge of lack of data on refugee\nemployment in formal and informal sectors. Statistics on refugee employment are currently not available.\nUNHCR is in the process of engaging with the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) to include\nrefugees in the national statistical system, which would enable systematic access to the available socioeconomic data on refugees.\n\n\nRefugees are allowed to open businesses in the same manner as nationals and formally register their\nbusinesses under their own name. They are issued with a certificate of registration and a Tax Identification\nNumber (TIN) and have the same tax obligations as nationals, contributing to the development of the local\neconomy. Access to national driving licenses and recognition of driving licenses from the country of origin,\nrequire possession of a refugee ID card.\n\nThe [2014 Refugee Law, as per Article 18, coupled with the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) [Labor Laws (Law No 51/2001 of 30/12/2001,](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/527/rwanda_labour_law.pdf)\nreviewed by the [Law No 13/2009 of 27/05/2009, and subsequently revised by the](https://www.cnudhd.net/img_documents/document383/loi-n-13-2009-du-27-mai-2009-portant-sur-le-code-du-travail.pdf) [Law No.66/2018 of](https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Laws/Law_regulating_labour_in_Rwanda.pdf)\n[30/08/2018) have continued to provide recognized refugees with the same level of worker protection as](https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Laws/Law_regulating_labour_in_Rwanda.pdf)\nnationals, including salary levels, working conditions, safeguards against forced labor, the right to safe and\nhealthy work environment amongst others.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nArticles 34 and 35 of the [Constitution continue to enshrine the inviolable right to private property, including](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2015/en/123205)\nthe right to land.\n\n\nDuring the prescribed period, the Law No 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Governing Land has been passed.\nThe new law entitles foreigners to emphyteutic lease and concession over land from a private person\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nor the State for public interest projects. The new 2021 law has limited the rights of foreigners in owning\nland, as it allows foreigners to own only one plot of land, as opposed to the previous law, which had no\nsuch restriction. Foreigners wanting to own larger plots, or more than one plot of land can only do it for\ninvestments purposes after getting the necessary permissions from the State.\n\n\nThis new law is also interpreted by the Government of Rwandan as applying to refugees, who are\nconsidered as foreigners, defined as someone who does not have Rwandan nationality. Therefore, read\n[in conjunction with Article 18 of the 2014 Refugee Law, the new land law continues to enable refugees](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html)\nto enjoy the provisions relating to emphyteutic land leases for business and agricultural purposes as\nforeigners generally in the same circumstances in Rwanda. Only recognized refugees with the national\nRefugee ID card can exercise this right.\n\n\nFurthermore, Article 12(c) of the [2016 Ministerial Instructions on Determining the Management of Refugees](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\n[and Refugee Camps has continued to provide for the right for refugees to own immovable and movable](https://www.minema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minema/Publications/National_Atlas/MINISTERIAL_INSTRUCTION_NO.02-2016_OF_01_06_2016_DETERMINING_THE_MANAGEMENT_OF_REFUGEES_AND_REFUGEE_CAMPS.pdf)\nproperty in an equivalent way to citizens. However as immovable property also encompasses land,\nthe Ministerial instructions could be considered at variance with the above law No 27/2021 imposing\nrestrictions equally to refugees for land property in line with the principle of hierarchy of norms. In practice,\nhowever, very few refugees can afford to buy a house. Refugees in camps continue to be provided with\nshelters and other basic needs but are not included in social housing programmes intended for Rwandan\nnationals, nor are they part of most other formal Government social protection initiatives, except for the\nCommunity Based Health Insurance, which remains only available for urban-based refugees and boarding\nschool students, supported by UNHCR.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, refugees have continued to be able to open bank accounts using their\ngovernment-issued refugee ID cards. It is also possible with proof of registration as per a Central Bank\nwaiver. Refugees have continued to access micro-finance and loans from formal financial institutions and\nsocial enterprises and may also use services relating to village savings and loans, remittances, and utility\npayments. To date, 93 per cent of the refugees have transactional accounts with formal financial service\nproviders (Banks, MFIs, SACCOs) or mobile money (NBR, 2022). As of 2022, over 11,000 households have\naccessed various forms of financial services including saving products and business loans. Refugees often\nbenefit from financial and business education as part of the provision of financial products and services.\nFor instance, Inkomoko, World Vision, Umutanguha Finance Compagny (UFC), and others have trained over\n100,000 in camps and host communities (2022). Also in 2022, 72 per cent of the beneficiaries self-reported\nincreased income from their businesses compared to the previous year.\n\n\nAs of June 2023, all refugees and asylum-seekers in the camps can receive food and non-food assistance.\nRefugees receive this assistance as cash allowances directly to a bank account linked to a debit multiwallet smart card, while asylum-seekers receive in-kind assistance. Refugees can obtain a SIM card with\ntheir refugee ID card, and in certain situations, this is possible based on a PoR. Asylum-seekers normally\nobtain SIM cards if they can present their national passport from their country of origin to use mobile money.\nFor those who did not leave their country of origin with a national passport, access to a SIM card remains\ncompromised. Any asylum-seekers residing in camps have access to shelter, food, and NFI assistance, as\nwell as health care. The availability of mobile money facilities offered by the various phone companies has\nalso expanded refugees\u2019 access to a wider range of digital financial services (payment, deposits, withdrawals,\nsavings, receiving remittances, etc.). Approximately 92 per cent of the households in the refugee camps\nown at least one mobile phone.\n\n\nSkills development initiatives are mainly provided by UNHCR implementing partners, with the support of\nMINEMA. Such initiatives focus on building refugees\u2019 skills and capacities to access wage employment or\nself-employment opportunities.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nIn line with Article 18 of the [2014 Refugee Law, refugee children in Rwanda have continued to enjoy](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2014/en/101192)\nfull access to the national education system, from early childhood education and primary education to\nsecondary education and tertiary education. The Government has been continuously making efforts to\nintegrate refugee students into the national public education system. Over 90 per cent of the refugee\nchildren in primary and secondary schools are integrated into the national system where the Ministry of\nEducation is managing refugee hosting schools except two schools in Kiziba camp that are still managed\nby UNHCR and its partners, with a clear roadmap in place to handover these schools to the management\nof the Ministry of Education. To this end, classrooms and related facilities have been constructed for over\n43,000 refugee students.\n\n\nThe [2018/19\u20132023/24 Education Sector Strategic Plan makes no reference to refugee education or](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/NDPR/Sector_Strategic_Plans/Education.pdf)\neducation in emergency situations, however, in the absence of a specific policy document on refugee\neducation, Article 18 of the [2014 Refugee Law](https://www.refworld.org/docid/53fb08cd4.html) continues to apply in such situations. This provision provides\nrefugee children access to learning in the same way as nationals. In practice, in Rwanda, refugee children\naccess the national education system, from early childhood education and primary school to secondary and\ntertiary education, under the same conditions as nationals. As a result, over 90 per cent of refugee children\nare absorbed into the national education system, which is managed by the Ministry of Education. Currently,\naround 40 per cent of refugees are of school age (3-17).\n\n\nAs of 30 June 2023, 72 per cent of early childhood development (ECD)-aged refugee children are enrolled in\nECD programmes, compared to 33.2 per cent for the host community. This higher enrolment rate in ECDs by\nrefugees is partly due to ECDs\u2019 location within the camps and the fact that they are run by UNHCR partners\nfree of charge for refugee children. In other locations, ECDs are often fee-based. For the school year of\n2021-2022, the gross enrolment rates of primary school stand at 125 per cent. The gross enrolment rate\nfor secondary education is 73 per cent while only 9 per cent of refugees are enrolled in higher education\n(including TVET). On an even more encouraging note, the gross enrollment rate for secondary education\namong refugees in Rwanda in 2022 increased to 73 per cent (78 per cent for males and 67 per cent for\nfemales), compared to a 62 per cent in 2020. This progress is noteworthy, especially when considering that\nthe average gross enrollment rate for secondary education in the East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes\nregion is 21 per cent.\n\n\nAlthough the school tuition is free in public schools, in the camps, UNHCR and partners provide all-inclusive\npackages for the refugee children, given the inability of most parents to pay for school materials, while\nin urban settings, the parents must pay for school feeding, uniforms, and scholastic materials, making\neducation less affordable for urban refugees. UNHCR and partners also cover tuition and other costs for\nover 750 students to attend upper secondary schools of excellence for cases where students cannot find\nappropriate subject combinations in their current schools.\n\n\nThe number of refugee students enrolled in universities is minimal (estimated at 6.8 per cent of the age group\nfor tertiary education) due to unaffordable fees (approximately USD 4,000 per academic year, which is the\nsame as for nationals) and the very limited number of scholarships available for refugees. While refugees\npay similar amounts to nationals, refugees do not access student loan facilities available to nationals.\n\n\nThe Government pledged at the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 to improve the quality of education\nin refugee and host-community settings through upgraded infrastructure and increased equipment and\nteaching and learning materials, to expand technical and vocational education and training (TVET), and to\nsupport the country\u2019s TVET infrastructure and provide related equipment. Since this pledge, the Government\nof Rwanda constructed over 280 news classrooms and 288 latrines at major refugee-hosting schools through\nthe World Bank-funded Jya\u2019Mbere Project and UNHCR funding. Three additional ICT centers have been\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nestablished and equipped with ICT devices (computers, WiFi routers, other school connectivity materials).\nSchool connectivity to broadband internet is supporting access and improving learning through education\ntechnology in schools hosting refugee and host community students with trained teachers for connected\nlearning. Five TVET schools are either under construction or being upgraded in refugee hosting districts.\n\n\nArticle 20 of the education [Law N\u00b0 010/2021](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=16991&token=27a9640b48e92d018e2d7b87b5bb6ea248893609) of 16/02/2021 governing the organization of education in\nRwanda determines English as the medium of instruction. To ensure the adequate and timely integration\nof refugees into the national education system, refugee learners continue to be supported with language\ntraining in English by humanitarian education partners. Students who arrive after the start of the academic\nyear are provided with catch-up classes supported by humanitarian actors.\n\n\nFurthermore, the Government of Rwanda committed through its [Ministry of Education](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/) to include refugees in\n[Education Management Information System (EMIS)/School Data Management System (SDMS). This system](https://www.unhcr.org/5d651da88d7.pdf)\nis used to capture both refugee and national students and to track their progress throughout their learning.\nHowever, the national data does not provide disaggregated data by status.\n\n\nIn schools, there are established leadership structures. Each school in the country has an Executive Committee\nconsisting of five elected parents, who, along with other members, form a committee. All committees\ncomprise parents from the host community and refugee parents in line with the refugee inclusion agenda.\n[They meet regularly to collectively make educational decisions and oversee the proper management and](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=16991&token=27a9640b48e92d018e2d7b87b5bb6ea248893609)\n[use of the education institution\u2019s fnances.](https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=16991&token=27a9640b48e92d018e2d7b87b5bb6ea248893609)\n\n\nRefugees can obtain administrative documents and certification of their foreign diplomas for employment or\neducation purposes with a cost. The National Examination and School Inspection Authority (NESA) and the\nRwandan Education Board have a dedicated certification process for foreign diplomas which include those\nof refugees.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\n[The Fourth Health Sector Strategic Plan of July 2018- June 2024](https://www.moh.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Moh/Publications/Strategic_Plan/FOURTH_HEALTH_SECTOR_STRATEGIC_PLAN_2018-2024.pdf) does not explicitly include refugees but\nmentions vulnerable groups. Since 2019, the Government of Rwanda has integrated urban refugees and\nstudents in boarding schools into the national Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI). Urban refugees\nare entitled to be enrolled in the Community-Based Health Insurance system through UNHCR assistance\nprovided they are issued with a State issued refugee ID card. As a result of their enrolment in the CBHI, urban\nrefugees have continued to access health care at 10 per cent cost to all the health care services provided\nby public health facilities, and referral to secondary or tertiary level hospitals if required. Unfortunately, as\nasylum seekers are not issued with ID cards, they are excluded from CBHI and rely on UNHCR\u2019s assistance\nfor medical care.\n\n\nRefugees and asylum-seekers in camps have continued to receive health-care services from UNHCRsupported health facilities, through a parallel system run in collaboration with partner organizations and\nthe Government, whose role continues to be related to implementation of national related health policies.\nThese include primary health care, sexual and reproductive health services, mental health and psychosocial\nsupport, care for non-communicable diseases, and nutrition screening and management. Secondary-level\nhealth care is provided at district hospitals and is still supported by UNHCR and partner budgets. At tertiary\nlevel, one UNHCR partner has an agreement with various health facilities and receives refugee patients\nfrom across the country. However, refugees in general, including those living in camps, are included in the\nnational hepatitis, malaria control, HIV and COVID-19 interventions and use the government-run referral\nhospitals.\n\n\nUrban female refugees enrolled in CBHI have continued to access sexual and reproductive health services,\nincluding maternal and neonatal health services, and other women\u2019s services through the national health\nsystem during the reporting period. Even if not yet enrolled in CBHI, refugee women and girls can, like\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Management Information System", - "confidence": 0.9474731683731079, - "start": 177, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.5218117833137512, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.8168243765830994, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9582581520080566, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7805945873260498, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nRwandan women, access sexual and reproductive services that are free of charge for nationals. Other sexual\nand reproductive health services are accessible, but they are not free, such as antenatal care, normal and\nC-section delivery, management of childbirth complications, treatment of sexually transmitted infections,\netc. HIV and Hepatitis screening and treatment, as well as contraceptives, are available free of charge at\npublic facilities for nationals and refugees equally, regardless of CBHI enrollment. In rural areas, all refugee\nand asylum-seeker women and girls continued to have the right to access sexual and reproductive health\nservices through humanitarian NGOs. Refugees routinely avail themselves of the right to these services.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nRwanda implements different schemes and programmes in the social protection sector as part of its\neconomic development and poverty reduction strategy. As illustrated above, the main national scheme that\napplies to refugees is Community-Based Health Insurance (for urban refugees and students in boarding\nschools) supported by UNHCR. This is the only public social protection mechanism available to refugees\ndespite being paying tax subjects if they are employed.\n\n\nAs of June 2023, approximately 15,849 refugees were registered with specific needs, representing 11.9 per\ncent of the refugee population in Rwanda. In urban settings, refugees have been supported to be enrolled\nin CBHI and access health services as Rwandans. Nationals with disabilities have access to specialized\nhealth and rehabilitation services if they are covered under CBHI. However, due to capacity constraints, not\nall devices or treatments are covered, and there may not be coverage for everyone. This includes certain\nassistive devices and rehabilitation provided in some health centers with pre-approvals from Rwanda Social\nSecurity Board (RSSB). While this is accessible for nationals, UNHCR\u2019s partner, Humanity and Inclusion, is\ncurrently exploring availability of this service for refugees under CBHI.\n\n\nIn the absence of inclusion into national social assistance programmes, identified vulnerable refugees,\nincluding elderly persons and those living with disabilities, are supported by UNHCR and have received\ncash assistance and access to specialized service (devices, supplementary feeding, psychosocial services,\nrehabilitation, etc.) provided by UNHCR partners. Finally, UNHCR provides limited financial support to the\nmost at-risk urban refugees on a case-by-case basis. Some refugees have also formed their own riskmanaging strategies of support, including saving groups that can support members in times of need.\n\n\n[The commitment of the Government to the CRRF](https://www.unhcr.org/comprehensive-refugee-response-framework-crrf.html) provides a platform to initiate a dialogue between the\nauthorities and international partners, with the aim of gradually aligning humanitarian aid and support\nwith the objective of broader social and economic inclusion and fostering development opportunities for\nrefugees and local communities alike. With many of the commitments in progress or already completed\n(e.g., the commitments on health and education), the Government has clearly demonstrated continuing\nengagement towards these responsibilities.\n\n\nOther avenues that allow for dialogue between the authorities and a broad range of humanitarian and\ndevelopment actors on refugee inclusion and socioeconomic development through existing frameworks\nand strategic engagement, such as in DCF, linked to the [National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), which](http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/National_Strategy_For_Trsansformation_-NST1.pdf)\nfocuses on economic and social transformation and transformational governance. The Government is\ncurrently finalizing NSTII and further strategies on financial literacy education, inclusion, and graduation, in\nwhich UNHCR is playing an active role in advocating for inclusion of refugees in national systems, including\nrelated to social protection.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, the legal framework governing child protection continued to stem from\nRwanda\u2019s ratification of the [Convention on the Rights of the Child and relevant international CP instruments,](https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx)\n[as well as Law No 27/2001 Relating to Rights and Protection of the Child Against Violence and Law No](https://www.refworld.org/docid/46c423cb2.html)\n[71/2018](http://197.243.22.137/migeprof/fileadmin/user_upload/Child_Protection_Law__2018.08.31.pdf) Relating to the Protection of the Child.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nThe Government of Rwanda continues to demonstrate strong commitment to child protection (CP) issues.\nDuring the reporting period, the Government established the Child Protection Technical Working Group,\nco-chaired by the National Child Development Agency and UNICEF, and attended by UNHCR, which aims\nto provide quality child protection programming across the country. In addition, the humanitarian CP/GBV\nSub-Sector Working Group, led by UNHCR, has re-convened during the reporting period to coordinate CP/\nGBV programming in refugee settings, under the umbrella of the Refugee Coordination Model.\n\n\nAt camp level, UNHCR leads the protection response for at-risk refugee children in collaboration with the\npartners and authorities (MINEMA, DGIE, NCDA). In parallel, efforts have been made at the district level by\nthe NCDA to engage with refugees and host communities on CP issues. The best interest determination\nprocess for refugee children involves government staff.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nRwanda continues to have a progressive legal and policy framework in terms of gender equality and\nwomen\u2019s empowerment, which provides for the prevention of gender-based violence and for the protection\nof survivors of such forms of violence. Nevertheless, underreporting, and overstretched response services\nremain a challenge.\n\n\nRwanda\u2019s approach to gender is aligned to the National Strategy for Transformation (2017-2024) aiming\nto achieve the SDGs, and the UNSDCF (2018 - 2024 includes a strong focus on gender equality and\nwomen\u2019s empowerment (GEWE). In this framework, the Joint Programme on Gender (2019-2024) was\ndeveloped by the One UN together with the GoR, particularly the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family\nPromotion (MIGEPROF). UNHCR is an active contributor to the Joint Programme on Gender and ensures the\ninclusion of refugee women and girls in both livelihoods programming and Gender Based Violence (GBV)\nprevention and response. The 2021 National Gender Policy underscores the need for gender-transformative\nprogrammes across sectors.\n\n\nThe most consequential sub-dimensions in which improvement of the policy implementation for gender\nconsiderations in the reporting period are as follows.\n\n\n**a.** Employment opportunities and livelihoods for refugee women\n**b.** Limited participation of refugee women and youth in representational and community structures.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nIn general, Rwanda is progressive in inclusion of refugees into national services on an equal basis with\nnationals, particularly in the areas of education, and identity and civil registry services. However, tertiary\neducation is expensive for both refugees and host communities, but because of relative income disparity\nand limited student loan options, refugees have extremely limited options to access tertiary education.\nRefugee women may also face disadvantages in terms of job opportunities and livelihood interventions\nbecause of their generally lower level of education. Strengthening access to protection services for\nvulnerable persons from both refugee and host communities, particularly persons with disabilities, elderly,\nunaccompanied and separated children, and victims of human trafficking is needed as well as increased\nparticipation of women and youth in representational and community structures.\n\n\nThe most consequential sub-dimensions with policy implementation differences or restrictions in terms of\nsocio-economic development for this period are as follows:\n\n\n**a.** Access to tertiary education for refugees.\n**b.** Access to job opportunities and livelihoods for refugee women.\n**c.** Access to protection services for vulnerable persons from refugee and host communities.\n**d.** Low involvement of refugee women and youth in representational and community structures.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **R W A N D A** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6672b3ca-151e-458e-90d7-ff584c1e68ff/Rwanda%20RPRF_1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_623/raw/doc_623_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_623/raw/doc_623_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c03f1b3c55322cdc46c9cf54ff7da1f113359f36..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_623/raw/doc_623_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **Contents**\n\n\nAcknowledgements\b 2\nMethodology\b 3\nSummary of findings\b 3\nRefugee children and youth from Ukraine in Europe \b 4\nRefugee education: data limitations\b 5\nEnrolment of refugee children and youth from Ukraine in Europe\b 6\nVulnerable groups \b 10\nGender disparities in enrolment\b 10\nSchool enrolment by level of education\b 12\nRemote and online education\b 13\nA detailed look at remote and online learning\b 14\nReasons for non-enrolment in host country education systems\b 17\nRisks and opportunities\b 19\nEndnotes\b 20\n\n## **Acknowledgements**\n\n\nWe gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many individuals and organizations who\ncontributed to this report. The regional analysis was facilitated by the Regional MSNA\nEducation Sector Analysis Group, coordinated by Frederik Smets (UNHCR). The data\nanalysis was conducted and written by Artur Borkowski (UNESCO) and Frederik Smets,\nwith contributions from Arianna Pearlstein (UN Women), and input from Talha Zakria and\nMaida Pasic (UNICEF), Ulrike Storost, Adrienn Nyircs\u00e1k and Miguel Alvarez Espinosa (DG\nEAC, European Commission), Corinne Heckmann and Qi Kuang (OECD), Beg\u00fcm Simsek\nand Jennifer Schuetze-Reymann (Council of Europe), Cirenia Ch\u00e1vez Villegas (UNHCR)\nand Xinxin Yu (UNESCO).\n\n\nOur gratitude also goes to Andrii Lytvynchuk at the Institute of Educational Analysis (IEA)\nin Ukraine, Jad Ghosn, Milindi Illangasinghe, and the Data, Identity Management and\nAnalysis (DIMA) team at UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Europe, as well as the Regional\nBureau\u2019s economist Konstantin Fastovets for their analysis, guidance and support on the\nregional analysis on education and across all sectors.\n\n\n**Cover photograph:**\nUnited Kingdom: \u2018A Great British Welcome\u2019 tells the story of how communities across the\nUK welcome people who have been forced to flee their homes.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew Testa\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "*\n\n\nAcknowledgements\b 2\nMethodology\b 3\nSummary", - "confidence": 0.7803633809089661, - "start": 14, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Summary", - "confidence": 0.6697664856910706, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": null, - "usage_context": null - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n## **Methodology**\n\nThis report contains an in-depth analysis of the\neducation situation of refugee children and youth\nfrom Ukraine based on data collected through\nlarge-scale surveys of refugee households carried\nout by UNHCR and its partners in countries featured\nin the Refugee Response Plans for the Ukraine\nemergency. [1]\n\n\nThis includes data from the 2023 Multisector Needs\nAssessment (MSNA) in seven countries (Bulgaria,\nCzech Republic, Hungary, Republic of Moldova,\nPoland, Romania and Slovakia) [2] and the 2024\nSocio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in ten\ncountries (the countries included in the 2023 MSNA\nplus Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). The 2024 SEIS\nwas implemented though a sample-based\nhousehold survey with data collected through\nface-to-face interviews. 8,720 households were\n\n## **Summary of findings**\n\n\n\ninterviewed, representing 19,803 household\nmembers, with respondents providing information\non behalf of all individuals within their households\n\n\nAdditional data to complement the 2024 SEIS data\nwas obtained from States and other sources,\nincluding data from the Institute of Educational\nAnalysis (IEA) and the National Statistics Office\n(NSO) of Ukraine. Most of this data has been made\naccessible in a single data dashboard on the\ninter-agency data portal on education of Ukrainian\nrefugees. [3]\n\n\nThis report focuses on school age Ukrainian\nchildren and youth across the study countries and\nprovides a comparative analysis spanning two\nyears, by comparing the MSNA data from 2023 and\nthe SEIS data from 2024. It will also link to the\nsituation of internally displaced children and youth\ninside Ukraine where appropriate.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Multisector Needs\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.8441604375839233, - "start": 70, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6899303197860718, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9436169862747192, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7637158036231995, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9564307332038879, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.797497034072876, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9086819887161255, - "start": 40, - "end": 42 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS data", - "confidence": 0.8091546297073364, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6120092272758484, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.879783034324646, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5620312094688416, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9043812155723572, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA data", - "confidence": 0.5485950708389282, - "start": 272, - "end": 274 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.702172577381134, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5912901759147644, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school age Ukrainian\nchildren and youth", - "confidence": 0.5370565056800842, - "start": 250, - "end": 256 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **Refugee children and youth from Ukraine** **in Europe**\n\n\n\nIn February 2025, the full-scale war in Ukraine\nentered its fourth year. With no end to the conflict in\nsight, more than 6.9 million Ukrainians remain\nforcibly displaced worldwide, representing one of\nthe largest refugee situations globally and the\nlargest crisis of forced displacement in Europe since\nWWII. The vast majority of refugees from Ukraine\n(6,357,600 as of 17 April 2025) are hosted in the\nEurope region, while just over 560,000 are hosted\nin regions beyond Europe. [4]\n\n\n**Refugees from Ukraine are primarily women and**\n**children.** Estimates based on household surveys\nand other data show that around 43 per cent of the\nrefugee population are women over the age of 18,\nand around 32 per cent are children (female and\nmale children ages 0-17). [5] Most of these children are\nof compulsory school age and have an obligation to\nbe enrolled in a primary or secondary school in the\nhost country. [6]\n\n\nThe refugee population from Ukraine in Europe has\nslightly increased from 5.9 million in early 2024 to\n6.3 million at the end of April 2025. This points to a\nstabilization of the refugee population in the region.\nGermany, Poland and Czech Republic are hosting\nthe largest refugee populations. Large populations\nare also present in the Republic of Moldova,\nRomania, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom. [7]\n\n\n**Most children and youth from Ukraine are hosted**\n**in high-income countries in the European Union**\n**with well-funded systems of compulsory**\n**education** . Most have legislation that grants\nUkrainians unrestricted access to all levels of\neducation and provide support to displaced\nlearners to include them in education in the national\neducation system.\n\n\nMost European countries have policies aimed at\nincluding refugee and migrant children into their\nnational education system. [8] In most cases,\neducation is compulsory for any child residing on\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\nthe territory of the hosting State, including for\nUkrainians who are beneficiaries of Temporary\nProtection or a similar protective status. Most\ncountries offer preparatory programmes or extra\nlearning support for children enrolling in primary or\nsecondary education. The support provided in\nschools and other educational institutions, however,\nvaries considerably depending on local policies and\navailable resources. [9]\n\n\nThe arrival of unprecedented numbers of refugee\nchildren and youth from Ukraine has put strains on\neducation systems across the region. Some schools\nface capacity problems. In some cases, especially in\nurban areas with high numbers of refugees, school\ninfrastructure can not accommodate additional\nadmissions of refugee children and youth. [10] Existing\nshortages of teachers and other educational staff,\nas well as a lack of specialist teachers and\npedagogical support staff capable of working with\nrefugee children and youth, put additional\nlimitations to the capacity of some schools to\ninclude refugee children and youth from Ukraine.\nCapacity problems were often compounded by\nexisting regulatory, financial and administrative\nbarriers to education. [11]\n\n\nCountries in Central Europe such as Poland and\nCzech Republic are particularly affected as numbers\nof refugee children and youth in their education\nsystems have risen exponentially compared to the\nperiod before the full-scale war in Ukraine. [12] Some\nEU countries granted exemptions to compulsory\neducation for Ukrainians studying remotely or\nonline early in the crisis in an effort to alleviate\ncapacity problems in schools. Most of those\nexemptions are under review or have been\nabolished. Most countries in the region are taking\nmeasures to ensure adequate capacity will be\navailable in schools to accommodate additional\narrivals in years to come. [13]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household surveys", - "confidence": 0.9857646822929382, - "start": 143, - "end": 145 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6973686814308167, - "start": 85, - "end": 88 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "other data", - "confidence": 0.8391241431236267, - "start": 146, - "end": 148 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.8103222250938416, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **Refugee education: data limitations**\n\n\n\n**2024 SEIS data.** The 2024 SEIS survey data and\nother data presented in this report reflect current\nbest estimates of the education situation of children\nand youth from Ukraine at the start of the current\ncalendar year (2025).\n\n\nData limitations include the fact that the SEIS only\nprovides data on ten countries on the border of, or\nnear, Ukraine included in the Refugee Response\nPlans implemented through the inter-agency\nresponse by humanitarian organizations. Most other\nmajor refugee hosting countries in the region, such\nas Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy,\nare not included in the SEIS.\n\n\n**2023 MSNA data.** The 2024 SEIS is to a large\nextent a repeat survey of the 2023 Multi-Sectorneeds Assessment (MSNA), which was implemented\nwith a sample-based household survey with data\ncollected through face-to-face interviews with 11,496\nhouseholds, representing 26,857 individuals in\nseven refugee hosting countries. [14] The 2024 SEIS\nquestionnaire used in ten refugee hosting countries\nhad similar questions on education of children and\nyouth and was expanded with additional questions\nto capture more detail on enrolment of children and\nyouth and remote and online education. This\nprovides for datasets that are mostly comparable,\nallowing for a year-on-year comparison between\n2023 and 2024 results.\n\n\n**Survey limitations.** Household surveys such as the\n2023 MSNA and the 2014 SEIS have limitations\nbecause households are asked to self-report on\nfamily members enrolled in education in the host\ncountry. Due to sampling constraints and the\nnon-probabilistic selection of respondents, the\nresults may not fully represent the entire refugee\npopulation from Ukraine. Additionally, the choice of\nsampling locations may have introduced a bias\ntoward more vulnerable segments of the\npopulation. Variations in sampling approaches and\ndata collection periods across countries can also\naffect comparability.\n\n\n\n**Net enrolment rates.** The questionnaire of the\n2024 SEIS contained more detailed questions on\neducation of refugee household members than the\n2023 MSNA, but needs to be interpreted with care\nknowing that any data on enrolment of children\nstemming from the survey needs to be contrasted\nto net enrolment rates as calculated according to\ninternationally accepted standard methods used by\nUNESCO and the World Bank. [15]\n\n\nEnrolment rates represent the ratio of refugee\nchildren and youth from Ukraine who are of school\nage and who are enrolled in a host country\u2019s\neducation system. [16] The 2023 MSNA and SEIS data\nallows for a calculation of enrolment rates based on\nwhat households reply to the surveys with respect\nto the enrolment status of individual children and\nyouth. However, this calculation differs from the\nglobal standard method of calculating a net\nenrolment rate. The global standard mostly relies on\nadministrative data and household surveys of\nschool age population and corresponds to\nenrolment in the relevant level of education. The\n2023 MSNA and the 2024 SEIS have a slightly\ndifferent focus and gauge whether or not children\nand youth are enrolled in education in host\ncountries, and whether or not children are engaged\nin different types of remote or online learning\nwithout collecting detailed information relating the\nenrolment at different levels of education. An\nadditional limitation is that SEIS is only available for\nten countries. Compulsory school age brackets also\nvary across Europe, making comparison of\nenrolment rates complex.\n\n\n**Refugee population data.** The data used to\nestimate the child and youth refugee populations\nhas limitations related to disaggregation and\npotential double counting across countries.\nCountries in Europe for the most part do not make\navailable and/or disaggregate data on refugee\neducation, which has traditionally made detailed\nanalysis and planning of inclusion of refugee\nchildren into education systems in Europe a\nchallenge. [17] Some indicators and proxies can be\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS data", - "confidence": 0.8860904574394226, - "start": 21, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9261585474014282, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8270887732505798, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9773960113525391, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 MSNA data", - "confidence": 0.7799809575080872, - "start": 134, - "end": 137 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7080450057983398, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9962208867073059, - "start": 135, - "end": 136 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9853718876838684, - "start": 134, - "end": 135 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9513431191444397, - "start": 134, - "end": 135 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 Multi-Sectorneeds Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9843341708183289, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7947941422462463, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9995446801185608, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee hosting countries", - "confidence": 0.7505521774291992, - "start": 187, - "end": 190 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.916957437992096, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9573044180870056, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6604732275009155, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS\nquestionnaire", - "confidence": 0.7581540942192078, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "questions on education of children and\nyouth", - "confidence": 0.7905834317207336, - "start": 206, - "end": 213 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5482123494148254, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7328653335571289, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ten refugee hosting countries", - "confidence": 0.5650092959403992, - "start": 200, - "end": 204 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.958767294883728, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9715887904167175, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.523436963558197, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.607704222202301, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5599584579467773, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.759381890296936, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5274301767349243, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee population data", - "confidence": 0.9868531227111816, - "start": 622, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.810941755771637, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "child and youth refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.5780420899391174, - "start": 634, - "end": 639 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\ngleaned from asylum statistics, local studies and\nother sources but usually there are no exact\nbreakdowns available of how many refugees are in\neducation; their age, gender and other personal\ncharacteristics; nor about where they are educated\nand in which grades.\n\n\nThis situation has improved somewhat as a result of\nthe Ukraine refugee emergency. Because\nTemporary Protection (TP) in the EU and the\nRepublic of Moldova is limited to those fleeing\nUkraine, some data has become available on\nnumbers of TP beneficiaries in EU education\nsystems, though it remains at times scattered and\nincomplete. While registration and documentation\nof TP holders has improved since the start of the\nfull-scale war in Ukraine, many countries still have\nno precise data on place of residence, age, gender\nand education of many refugee children and youth\nfrom Ukraine. Double counting and lack of deregistration when refugees move to other countries\nalso results in inaccuracies. Some education\nsystems also lack planning data and assessments of\nhow many places for refugee children and youth are\navailable in the school system.\n\n\nDue to these data limitations, this report draws\nmostly from comparison of the 2023 MSNA and\n2024 SEIS surveys. It provides additional evidence\nfor a consistent set of challenges in refugee\neducation for Ukrainians emerging from the 2023\nMSNA and other data sources, such as low\nenrolment rates, barriers to education, and factors\ncontributing to hesitancy to enrol refugee children\nand youth in host country education systems. The\ndata also points to advances in enrolment of\nrefugee children and youth in schools and other\neducational institutions over time.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n## **Enrolment of** **refugee children** **and youth from** **Ukraine in Europe**\n\nAccording to available administrative data on\nrefugee children and youth from Ukraine, German\nschools and higher education institutions host the\nlargest numbers of refugee children and youth from\nUkraine, with over 223,000 enrolled in the first\nquarter of 2025. Poland and Czech Republic are\nsecond and third, with over 216,000 and 48,000 [18]\nrespectively. [19]\n\n\n**NUMBERS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM**\n**UKRAINE ENROLLED IN HOST COUNTRY SCHOOLS**\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nIreland\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nFinland\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nDenmark\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nCroatia\n\n\nSlovenia\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\nLuxembourg\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n223.3K\n\n\n216.7K\n\n\n\n48.1K\n\n\n38.1K\n\n\n38.1K\n\n\n25.0K\n\n\n20.5K\n\n\n20.0K\n\n\n14.6K\n\n\n13.1K\n\n\n12.1K\n\n\n9.5K\n\n\n8.7K\n\n\n7.7K\n\n\n5.4K\n\n\n4.3K\n\n\n1.7K\n\n\n1.5K\n\n\n1.4K\n\n\n1.4K\n\n\n1.3K\n\n\n0.3K\n\n\n\nSource: administrative data and other sources, see the\n[Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.9891092777252197, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.8710496425628662, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH", - "confidence": 0.8669623732566833, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "local studies", - "confidence": 0.6527868509292603, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "TP beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5012171268463135, - "start": 97, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9971829652786255, - "start": 518, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9870816469192505, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**TOTAL NUMBER OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH**\n**FROM UKRAINE ENROLLED IN HOST COUNTRY SCHOOLS**\n**IN EUROPE**\n\n\n712.7K\n\n\n439.5K\n\n\n289.4K\n\n\n2021/2022 2022/2023 2023/2024\n\n\nSource: administrative data and other sources, see the\n[Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n**What does data from Ukraine show on**\n**enrolment of displaced children?**\nAs described in the data limitations, enrolment\nfigures can only provide for an estimate of the\nnumbers or children and youth from Ukraine\nenrolled in host country schools across Europe.\nEstimates of school age populations of refugees\nfrom Ukraine in this report are based on\nadministrative data and tend to be higher than\nestimates that can be calculated based on data\navailable at relevant administrations inside Ukraine.\n\n\nThe most recent verified and fully reliable\npopulation census in Ukraine was carried out over\ntwo decades ago. If we estimate the current child\npopulation of school age based on age progression,\naverage mortality rates and other data sources,\nsuch as mobile phone data, we can estimate that\njust over 3 million Ukrainian children are aged 6-17.\nData for older children may present challenges\nbecause a part of the school age population moves\ninto specialized tertiary or vocational training\nprogrammes around age 15 and may no longer\nshow up in enrolment statistics.\n\n\nIf we extrapolate the population statistics and\ncombine them with data from the Institute of\nEducational Analysis (EIA) and National Statistics\nOffice (NSO) from Ukraine, we can calculate that\naround 568,000 Ukrainian children aged 6-17 are\n\n\n\nabroad, with a part enrolled in schools abroad, and\na number engaged in continued remote or online\nstudy of Ukrainian curriculum (see p. 14 for\nestimates based on data from Ukraine). Some\n39,000 Ukrainian children in this age bracket are\nestimated to be in territory occupied by the Russian\nFederation.\n\n\nIf we make a similar estimate of the child population\nbased on administrative data available in refugee\nhosting countries, and if we assume that the the age\ndistribution is similar to the one we see in the\nrefugee population in the 2024 SEIS, we end up\nwith a figure of some 859,000 children in the age\nbracket 6-17 currently in refugee hosting countries.\nThis figure is 34 per cent higher than the estimate\nbased on IEA and NSO data, showing the\ncomplexities and uncertainties related to calculating\nenrolment rates.\n\n\nWhat the figures do show unequivocally is that the\npopulation of refugee children and youth in host\ncountries is far larger than during the previous peak\nin arrivals of refugees and migrants in Europe in\n2015-2016. [20]\n\n\n**Enrolment of children and youth from Ukraine is**\n**on the rise in most European countries** .\nAdministrative data from States and other\nauthorities shows that enrolment of refugee children\nand youth from Ukraine in all levels of education\nrose from some 289,000 at the end of 2022 to\n664,000 at the end of 2024. Year-on-year, the\nestimated number of enrolled children and youth\nfrom Ukraine rose by more than 225,000 between\n2023 and 2024.\n\n\nHouseholds surveyed in the ten countries included\nin the 2024 SEIS report on average that 79 per cent\nof children are enrolled in compulsory education in\nthe host country, with 50 per cent of children and\nyouth only enrolled in a host country school (without\nfollowing remote or online education). 29 per cent\nare going to school and are following remote or\nonline education simultaneously. [21] There are\ndisparities among countries, however, with reported\nenrolment of children in host country school\nsystems ranging from 53 per cent in Romania to 92\nper cent in Czech Republic.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9739121198654175, - "start": 65, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "administrative data", - "confidence": 0.6703368425369263, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9562807083129883, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021/2022", - "confidence": 0.8790764212608337, - "start": 45, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH", - "confidence": 0.615554928779602, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population census", - "confidence": 0.9708867073059082, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9919164776802063, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "over\ntwo decades ago", - "confidence": 0.8209438920021057, - "start": 177, - "end": 181 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian children", - "confidence": 0.774294912815094, - "start": 219, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobile phone data", - "confidence": 0.7825809717178345, - "start": 207, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8426567912101746, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian children", - "confidence": 0.7930652499198914, - "start": 219, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enrolment statistics", - "confidence": 0.6315498948097229, - "start": 258, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8733285665512085, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian children", - "confidence": 0.7356241941452026, - "start": 219, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7064824104309082, - "start": 336, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7595049142837524, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015-2016", - "confidence": 0.7094147801399231, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Administrative data from States and other\nauthorities", - "confidence": 0.886182963848114, - "start": 523, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6608028411865234, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.839018702507019, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth", - "confidence": 0.5369902849197388, - "start": 470, - "end": 474 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS report", - "confidence": 0.6869145631790161, - "start": 599, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ten countries", - "confidence": 0.794121265411377, - "start": 594, - "end": 596 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9642506241798401, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.957182765007019, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Households", - "confidence": 0.755675733089447, - "start": 590, - "end": 591 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**ESTIMATED RATE OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE ENROLLED IN HOST COUNTRY SCHOOLS**\n\n\n2022/2023 2023/2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPoland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\n\n\n65%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBulgaria Czechia Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Republic of\n\nMoldova\n\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS, and other sources, see the [Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\n**ESTIMATED RATE OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE ENROLLED IN HOST COUNTRY SCHOOLS**\n\n\nHost country school and\nHost country school Remote/online only Out of school\nremote/online\n\n\n\nRegional\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nRepublic of Moldova\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n\n**29%**\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n**14%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n**34%**\n\n\n\n**50%**\n\n\n**66%**\n\n\n**61%**\n\n\n**55%**\n\n\n**45%**\n\n\n**57%**\n\n\n**53%**\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\n**24%**\n\n\n\n**16%**\n\n\n**14%**\n\n\n\n**6%**\n\n\n**6%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n**8%**\n\n\n**6%**\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n\n**40%**\n\n\n\n**29%**\n\n\n**29%**\n\n\n**36%**\n\n\n**33%**\n\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**29%**\n\n\n**38%**\n\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n\n**21%**\n\n\n\n**32%**\n\n\n\n**11%**\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS, and other sources\n\n\n**2024 SEIS data shows that most countries with**\n**comparable data saw increases in reported**\n**enrolment of refugee children in host country**\n**education systems compared to data from the**\n**2023 MSNA household survey** . [22] Refugee\nhouseholds in Bulgaria reported the largest\npercentage point increase of those enrolled in\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\neducation in the host country, with a 27 percentage\npoint increase between the 2022-2023 and\n2023-2024 school year.\n\n\nCzech Republic had the smallest increase with 4\npercentage point, probablybecause it already had\nhigh enrolment rates to begin with. Hungary was\nthe only country with a decrease, it showed 1\npercentage point fewer refugee students enrolled\nthan in the previous year.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukraine Regional Education Data Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9737831354141235, - "start": 63, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9551469683647156, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.973442554473877, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022/2023", - "confidence": 0.8540681004524231, - "start": 26, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH", - "confidence": 0.7205888628959656, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**GROWTH OF ENROLMENT IN HOST COUNTRY EDUCATION SYSTEMS**\n\n\n**Host country school** 2023 2024 **Remote/online** 2023 2024\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS\n\n## **Vulnerable groups**\n\n\n**The SEIS data shows that some groups of refugee**\n**children and youth from Ukraine face severe**\n**hurdles in accessing education in host countries** .\nThe data shows language is a barrier for some\nrefugee children and youth from Ukraine, and those\nthat have arrived in a host country more recently\nface more barriers in access to education than\nthose who have been in the host country longer.\nThere are big gaps in access to education for\nchildren and youth with disabilities compared to\ntheir peers.\n\n\n- According to the 2024 SEIS, **children and youth**\n**with disabilities** were 19 percentage points less\nlikely to be reported to be enrolled in school\ncompared to those without disabilities.\n\n- Children and youth with self-reported **beginner**\n**abilities in the language of instruction of the**\n**host country** were reported to be 50\npercentage points less enrolled in a school in a\nhost country school than those with intermediate\nand above language abilities.\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n- Children and youth who **arrived less than one**\n**year before the survey was conducted** were\nreported to be 30 percentage points less likely\nto be enrolled than those who arrived two or\nmore years before being surveyed. [23]\n\n\n**Compared to data from the 2023 MSNA, the**\n**out-of-school rates for all of these vulnerable**\n**groups are on the rise.** The most concerning\nchange is the increase in the percentage of children\nand youth with disabilities that are reported to be\nnot enrolled in host country education from 6 per\ncent in the 2023 MSNA to 18 per cent in the 2024\nSEIS.\n\n\nThe percentage of children and youth not enrolled\nin host country education and who have been in the\nhost country for less than one year increased from 8\nper cent in the 2023 MSNA to 16 per cent in the\n2024 SEIS. Here there were slight variations by\nlevel of education but the overall trends remained\nthe same regardless of level of education.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7609597444534302, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9472693204879761, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8579621911048889, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and youth with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7551002502441406, - "start": 168, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS data", - "confidence": 0.6530551314353943, - "start": 81, - "end": 83 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5472707152366638, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5568920373916626, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9073998928070068, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5581434369087219, - "start": 123, - "end": 129 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS", - "confidence": 0.710438072681427, - "start": 182, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5913857817649841, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.792183518409729, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9997656941413879, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and youth", - "confidence": 0.7724113464355469, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 MSNA", - "confidence": 0.5311089158058167, - "start": 355, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9486924409866333, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.9020770788192749, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7290984392166138, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9888643026351929, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children\nand youth", - "confidence": 0.6037971377372742, - "start": 393, - "end": 396 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7586332559585571, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host country", - "confidence": 0.8445659875869751, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9500079154968262, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5468834042549133, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children\nand youth", - "confidence": 0.6409644484519958, - "start": 393, - "end": 396 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **Gender disparities in enrolment**\n\n\n\nThere does not seem to be a large gap in school\nenrolment reported by households between boys\nand girls. There is a notable increase in reported\nenrolment in school education and less reliance on\nonline education across the board for both genders.\n\n\nHowever, girls seem to be more inclined to continue\nstudying remotely or online in addition to being\nenrolled in a school in the host country. 31 per cent\nof the female children reported by households in\nthe 2024 SEIS are engaged both in online or\nremote education and enrolled in school in a host\ncountry, where this is only 27 per cent for boys. This\ndisparity is also reflected in the fact that boys are\nmore likely to be only enrolled in a host country\n\n\n\nschool without studying Ukrainian curriculum\nremotely or online (52 per cent) than girls (47 per\ncent).\n\n\nA worrying trend, however, is that the percentage of\nchildren that is reported to be completely out-oflearning is on the rise and that girls (6 per cent)\nseem to be more likely to be completely out-ofschool than boys (5 per cent). Out-of-school in this\ncontext means that children are neither enrolled in a\nschool in a host country, nor studying Ukrainian\ncurriculum online. This rise in completely out-ofschool children is probably the result of the\npronounced drop in those participating in remote or\nonline education.\n\n\n\n**ENROLMENT IN HOST COUNTRY EDUCATION SYSTEMS BY GENDER, DISABILITY AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|2023
Host country
Host country Out of
school and Online only
school only school
remote/online
0% 100%|2024
Host country
Host country Out of
school and Online only
school only school
remote/online
0% 100%|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Gender**|Female
Male
**39%**
**35%**
**41%**
**42%**
**18%**
**19%**
**3%**
**4%**|Female
Male
**31%**
**27%**
**47%**
**52%**
**16%**
**16%**
**6%**
**5%**|\n|**Disability**|No disability
Person with
disability
**40%**
**32%**
**37%**
**42%**
**19%**
**20%**
**3%**
**6%**|No disability
Person with
disability
**29%**
**20%**
**50%**
**40%**
**16%**
**22%**
**5%**
**18%**|\n|**Time of**
**arrival**|<1 year
1-2 years
**24%**
**40%**
**31%**
**44%**
**37%**
**14%**
**8%**
**2%**|<1 year
1-2 years
>2 years
**19%**
**30%**
**30%**
**35%**
**47%**
**54%**
**31%**
**19%**
**12%**
**16%**
**5%**
**4%**|\n|**Language**||Beginner
Intermediate
and above
**22%**
**35%**
**18%**
**54%**
**50%**
**9%**
**11%**
**2%**|\n\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **School enrolment by level of education**\n\n\n\nLooking at access to education by level of\neducation, some of the trends of the 2023 MSNA\ncontinue in the 2024 SEIS.\n\n\n**Enrolment in host country schools at primary level**\n**is higher than for secondary level**, whereas the\nreverse is true for remote and online education\n(children and youth in secondary education are\nmore likely to study remotely or online).\n\n\nThe changes between 2023 and 2024 in enrolment\nin host country schools by education level show a\nsimilar trend, with a 3 per cent increase at the\n\n\n\nprimary level, and a 1 per cent increase at the\nsecondary level. Country-level changes in\nenrolment at both levels are similar. [24]\n\n\nBy level of education enrolment, the 2024 SEIS\nshows approximately similar rates for both girls and\nboys. This reflects a change from the results of the\n2023 MSNA, which showed notable differences in\nrates of remote and online enrolment.\n\n\n\n**ENROLMENT IN HOST COUNTRY EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND REMOTE OR ONLINE EDUCATION, BY TYPE OF EDUCATION**\n\n\n**Host country school** Primary Secondary **Remote/online** Primary Secondary\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.5666924715042114, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9185341000556946, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7299852967262268, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS", - "confidence": 0.5404740571975708, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5360496044158936, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5979206562042236, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8766756653785706, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2023 MSNA", - "confidence": 0.6015462279319763, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9141491055488586, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9669345617294312, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n## **Remote and online education**\n\n\n\nThe 2024 SEIS shows that remote and online\nlearning of curriculum from Ukraine remains an\nimportant mode of learning for refugee children and\nyouth from Ukraine.\n\n\n- Households reported in the 2024 SEIS that 50\nper cent of children are only enrolled in a school\nin the host country.\n\n\n\n\n- 29 per cent are reported to be studying both in\na school in the host country while simultaneously\nfollowing remote or online education.\n\n- A further 16 per cent are studying remotely or\nonline only.\n\n- 6 per cent are reported to be not in any form of\nschooling and have to be considered out-ofschool. [25]\n\n\n\n**ENROLMENT IN HOST COUNTRY EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND REMOTE OR ONLINE EDUCATION, BY TYPE OF EDUCATION**\n\n\n**Host country school** 2023 2024 **Host country school and** 2023 2024\n**remote/online**\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n\n**Remote/online only** **Out of school**\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nCzechia\n\n\nEstonia\n\n\nHungary\n\n\nLatvia\n\n\nLithuania\n\nRepublic of\n\nMoldova\n\nPoland\n\n\nRomania\n\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS", - "confidence": 0.5012519359588623, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.8071062564849854, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9999490976333618, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9561917185783386, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH", - "confidence": 0.8076777458190918, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Host country school", - "confidence": 0.5223058462142944, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.5760917663574219, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7504890561103821, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8796250820159912, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Participation in remote and online education**\n**dropped nearly across the board.** Around 15\npercent less children were reported by refugee\nhouseholds to participate in remote or online\neducation in the 2023-2024 school year, from 60\nper cent in the 2023 MSNA to 45 per cent in the\n2024 SEIS.\n\n\nOf the seven countries for which data is available\nfor both years, only Hungary saw a stagnation in the\npercentage of Ukrainian learners participating in\nremote or online education (at 54 per cent). This\nwas driven by an overall increase in the percentage\nof children enrolled both in remote and online\neducation and those enrolled in schools in Hungary.\nBy contrast, Slovakia saw a 31 percentage point\ndecrease in those involved in remote and online\neducation, with large drops also seen in Bulgaria\nand Czech Republic.\n\n\n**Where there are decreases in engagement with**\n**remote and online education there are usually**\n**increases in enrolment in host country schools** . In\nthe 2024 SEIS, of those children who are reported\nby households to still be studying in schools in\nUkraine remotely or online, just 64 per cent are\nenrolled in host country schools, while 91 per cent\nof those that are no longer enrolled remotely or\nonline in a Ukrainian school are enrolled in host\ncountry schools.\n\n\n## **A detailed look at** **remote and online** **learning**\n\nRemote and online learning and continued studying\nof curriculum and subject matter from Ukraine has\nallowed hundreds of thousands of children and\nyouth from Ukraine to continue studying in some\nform when internally displaced or forced to leave\nthe country as a result of the full-scale war.\n\n\nSupplemental questions were added to the 2024\nSEIS to gather more detailed data from refugee\nhouseholds on the ways in which Ukrainian children\nand youth are studying remotely or online. Data\nfrom the IEA in Ukraine also provides additional\ndetail on how internally displaced children use\nremote and online education inside Ukraine. The\nresults confirm that children and youth from Ukraine\nstudy online and remotely in a wide variety of\nsettings and modalities, whether they are inside\nUkraine or abroad in refugee hosting countries.\n\n\n**Remote and on-line learning tools.** Some refugee\nchildren who have left Ukraine remain fully enrolled\nremotely in a school in Ukraine, with some in\naddition studying a full programme in a school in a\nhost country (\u2018double shifting\u2019), while some study\nmore limited programmes remotely or online. Many\nengage in studies supervised by teachers in\ninformal educational settings and facilities in host\ncountries, while others largely engage in self-study.\nSome participate in exams and evaluations, some\ndo not or not always.\n\n\nDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of\nEducation and Science of Ukraine introduced the\nAll-Ukrainian Online School (AUOS) an online\nrepository of learning tools, lesson plans and other\nteaching resources to enable Ukrainian children\nand youth to study online during school closures\nand access limitations. This platform is now being\nused intensively by displaced children and youth\ninside Ukraine and abroad. It is part used as a\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8620389699935913, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.5810084939002991, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9246405363082886, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023-2024", - "confidence": 0.978339433670044, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9397527575492859, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7925516963005066, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9352090358734131, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5255014300346375, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.6135428547859192, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS", - "confidence": 0.5948812365531921, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9855484366416931, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9996814727783203, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8674861192703247, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.7658041715621948, - "start": 341, - "end": 343 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9186584949493408, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.980513870716095, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9994809031486511, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8895746469497681, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9022856950759888, - "start": 341, - "end": 343 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IEA", - "confidence": 0.666718602180481, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9564638733863831, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced children", - "confidence": 0.7643671035766602, - "start": 370, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nself-study tool, but can also be used as a teaching\ntool for those who are still under supervision of a\nteacher. [26]\n\n\nIn addition, the Ministry of Education and Science of\nUkraine introduced the so-called Ukrainian\nComponent, a reduced programme of six to eight\nhours per week. The programme was designed to\nbe studied remotely or online as a complement to\nstudies in a local school in a host country, and is\ndelivered and supervised by designated schools\ninside Ukraine. The Ukrainian Component also\nfacilitates recognition of grades obtained by\nstudents in refugee hosting countries so they do not\nneed to study the same subjects both in the host\ncountry and in Ukraine, and to facilitate recognition\nof grades obtained abroad when children return to\nUkraine. [27]\n\n\n**Refugee population still enrolled in Ukraine but**\n**following lessons remotely or online.** According to\nthe Institute of Educational Analysis, almost\n358,000 children from Ukraine who are currently\nabroad remain enrolled in some form in the\nUkrainian education system. Of these, almost\n185,000 are still enrolled in a full educational\nprogramme in a school in Ukraine and are learning\nthrough remote or distance learning. [28] Some\n166,000 are abroad and are enrolled through family\nschooling or other forms of remote studies\n(\u2018externate\u2019). This means they are not following a full\nschool programme remotely but study Ukrainian\ncurriculum in a private modality and they participate\nin exams and evaluations at set times in the school\nyear. [29] The IEA data shows that around 7,000\nUkrainian students abroad have so far enrolled in\nthe \u2018Ukrainian Component\u2019 programme.\n\n\nThe 2024 SEIS provides more detail on how\nrefugee children and youth combine remote and\nonline learning of curriculum from Ukraine with their\nstudies in local schools in host countries.\n\n\n- Of all children and youth in the compulsory\nschool age range in the ten countries, **45 per**\n**cent are reported to be engaged in some form**\n**of remote or online learning**, ranging from 29\nper cent in Czech Republic to 68 per cent in\nRomania. [30]\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\n\n- Of those studying remotely or online, **43 per**\n**cent were studying** both **at a school in a host**\n**country and simultaneously studying Ukrainian**\n**curriculum remotely or on-line in some form.**\n\n- Of those studying remotely or online, 26 per\ncent say they use the the All-Ukrainian Online\nSchool (AUOS).\n\n- All other modalities of remote and online\nstudying are far less common overall. [31]\n\n\n**DISTANCE LEARNING TYPE FOR UKRAINIAN REFUGEES OF**\n**COMPULSORY SCHOOL AGE**\n\n\n\nHost country school and\n\nremote/online\n\n\nAUOS\n\n\nNon-AUOS\n\n\nNot enrolled in Ukrainian\nremote/online education\n\n\nHost country remote/online\n\n\nSource: 2024 SEIS\n\n\n\n43%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\nHowever, there are large variations across\ncountries. For example, refugee households in\nSlovakia reported the highest proportion of children\nwho are simultaneously studying in schools in\nSlovakia and following Ukrainian curriculum online\n(64 per cent), whereas in the Republic of Moldova\nthis was only 14 per cent. The All-Ukrainian Online\nSchool was most used in Bulgaria, with 55 per cent\nof those studying on-line or remotely using the\nplatform, and the least common in Hungary (15 per\ncent). Overall, each country included in the SEIS\nshowed a unique blend of modalities for remote or\nonline learning.\n\n\n**Supervision and evaluation of remote and on-line**\n**learners.** The 2024 SEIS also examined whether\nthose who were studying remotely or online were\nsupervised by teaching personnel or not. The\nresults show that Ukrainian children and youth often\nmake use of informal face-to-face educational\nfacilities where they can study Ukrainian curriculum\nremotely or online. [32]\n\n\n- Households reported that **74 per cent of**\n**children were studying Ukrainian curriculum**\n**with teachers or other educational personnel**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukrainian education system", - "confidence": 0.7872284054756165, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9118285179138184, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian students abroad", - "confidence": 0.7068904638290405, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.925167441368103, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5083913803100586, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9940209984779358, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth", - "confidence": 0.9569724202156067, - "start": 324, - "end": 328 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7307568788528442, - "start": 661, - "end": 662 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9294707179069519, - "start": 692, - "end": 693 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5012655258178711, - "start": 692, - "end": 693 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian children and youth", - "confidence": 0.5297231078147888, - "start": 716, - "end": 720 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**in an informal education facility** outside of the\neducation system of the host country, for\nexample through organizations providing\ninformal \u2018Ukrainian schools\u2019 or \u2018Ukrainian\nclasses\u2019 abroad.\n\n- Households reported that of those children that\nwere studying remotely or online, **18 per cent**\n**were not in contact with a Ukrainian teacher**\n**and studied by themselves** .\n\n- All other modalities were less common overall.\n\n\n**DISTANCE LEARNING BY SUPERVISION TYPE FOR**\n**UKRAINIAN REFUGEES OF COMPULSORY SCHOOL AGE**\n\n\n\nFace-to-Face in\n\nfacility\n\n\nNone\n\n\nUkrainian teacher\n\nin Ukraine\nUkrainian teacher\n\nin host country\nUkrainian teacher\n\nabroad\n\n\n\n74%\n\n\n\nHouseholds also report that those studying\nremotely or online only spend more time per day on\nonline education that those who are simultaneously\nenrolled in schools in a host country and studying\nremotely or online. 76 per cent of those studying\nremotely or online spend three or more hours per\nday studying online (with 54 per cent doing so for\nmore than four hours). For those who are\nsimultaneously going to school in the host country,\nas much as 26 per cent spend more than three\nhours a day on remote or online studies.\n\n\nThis is unsurprising given that those who are going\nto school in a host country usually have far less time\navailable to study remotely or online. However, for\nthe 26 per cent that do go to school and study\nremotely and online for more than three hours a\nday, workloads are probably not sustainable in the\nlong run. Across age groups, time spent on\neducation is reported at approximately similar rates\nfor boys and girls.\n\n\n**PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN OF COMPULSORY SCHOOL-**\n**AGE BY TIME SPENT STUDYING AND MODALITY**\n\n\n>4 hours 3-4 hours 2-3 hours 1-2 hours\n\n\n0% 100%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\nSource: 2024 SEIS\n\n\n**Time spent learning remotely or online.** Looking at\nlength of time spent on remote learning, the 2024\nSEIS shows:\n\n\n- 28 per cent of children and youth who are\nreported to be studying remotely or online are\nstudying for more than 4 hours per day.\n\n- 21 per cent studied 2 to 3 hours per day.\n\n- 20 per cent studied 1 to 2 hours per day.\n\n\nHere again, there are large differences in time spent\nstudying remotely or online per country, with\nRomania having the most regugee children\nspending four or more hours on remote or online\neducation a day (54 per cent ) and Czech Republic\nthe least (11 per cent).\n\n\nThose who use the All-Ukrainian Online School and\nthose who use other online learning tools only were\nmost likely to spend three or more hours per day on\nremote or online learning, reflecting the fact that\nthey study in a far less structured way with less\nsupervision.\n\n\n\nAUOS\n\n\nHost country school and\nremote/online\n\nNot enrolled in Ukrainian\nremote/online education\n\n\nNon-AUOS\n\n\nSource: 2024 SEIS\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n**14%**\n\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n**16%**\n\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n\n**16%**\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\n**24%**\n\n\n\n**24%**\n\n\n**24%**\n\n\n\n**41%**\n\n\n\n**23%**\n\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n\n**17%**\n\n\n\n**THOSE STUDYING ONLINE ONLY SPEND MORE TIME**\n**STUDYING ONLINE PER DAY**\n\n\n>4 hours 3-4 hours 2-3 hours 1-2 hours\n\n\n0% 100%\n\n\n\nRemote/online only\n\n\nHost country school and\n\nremove/online\n\n\nSource: 2024 SEIS\n\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n\n**23%**\n\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n**26%**\n\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\n**54%**\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 SEIS", - "confidence": 0.617018461227417, - "start": 359, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Romania", - "confidence": 0.6199820637702942, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9989206790924072, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6479873657226562, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children and youth", - "confidence": 0.9632746577262878, - "start": 392, - "end": 395 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.8139392733573914, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.994176983833313, - "start": 701, - "end": 702 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Education of internally displaced children and**\n**youth inside Ukraine**\nData from the Institute of Educational Analytics (IEA)\nof Ukraine [33] from early 2025 indicates that there\nwere just under 3.7 million children enrolled in\nprimary and secondary education inside Ukraine.\n\n\n- Some 430,00 children are in education remotely\nor online all the time because they are in zones\nof active combat where it is too unsafe to\norganize face-to-face education.\n\n- Over 736,000 follow a mixed programme of\nface-to-face and remote or online education\nbecause they are in unsafe zones where some\nface-to-face education is possible if safety\nmeasures are in place (cf. bomb shelters in the\nschool).\n\n- Around 2.2 million children inside Ukraine are\nfollowing face-to-face-education under more\nnormal circumstances, despite frequent air raid\nalerts and other hazards as a result of the\nconflict.\n\n\nMany internally displaced children use the AllUkrainian Online School and other learning tools\ntogether with children who are living as refugees\noutside of Ukraine, and with children that have not\nbeen displaced at all.\n\n\nSome schools in unsafe areas of Ukraine switched\nentirely to remote and virtual education for a long\ntime and are often led by school heads and\nteachers who are themselves internally displaced,\nor who are living as refugees abroad.\n\n\nMany remote and online classes of schools that\nhave gone completely remote or online have a mix\nof non-displaced, internally displaced and refugee\nchildren. This has led to a complex landscape of\nteaching modalities which is almost impossible to\nmap accurately, but which may have important\nlong-term effects on the academic performance and\nwell-being of children inside and outside of Ukraine.\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n## **Reasons for non-** **enrolment in host** **country education** **systems**\n\nThe comparison between the 2023 MSNA and the\n2024 SEIS data, as well as other data sources, show\nclearly that more refugees from Ukraine have\nstarted to enrol their children in schools and other\neducation facilities in a host country.\n\n\nThe 2024-2025 school year is the fourth successive\nschool year marked by education disruptions as a\nresult of mass forced displacement from Ukraine. [34]\nWith no end to the conflict in sight, many parents\nhave started to plan for longer-term stays in host\ncountries and have clearly been looking for longerterm stability in the education of their children. They\nare therefore more readily choosing to enrol their\nchildren in local schools in host countries.\n\n\nDespite the apparent increase in the inclusion of\nrefugee children and youth from Ukraine in\neducation systems in Europe, important drivers for\nparents not to enrol children in host countries\npersist. The 2024 SEIS provides a more detailed\nanalysis of these drivers for non-enrolment in host\ncountry education.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AllUkrainian Online School", - "confidence": 0.6334760189056396, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6696435809135437, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced children", - "confidence": 0.8517704010009766, - "start": 173, - "end": 176 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS data", - "confidence": 0.6188909411430359, - "start": 356, - "end": 358 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.6557300686836243, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7158931493759155, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024-2025", - "confidence": 0.5861189961433411, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.8579047322273254, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9994701743125916, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth", - "confidence": 0.7685031294822693, - "start": 478, - "end": 482 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**Engagement in remote and online learning**\n**continues to be by far the largest barrier to**\n**enrolment in formal schools.** In the 2024 SEIS 67\nper cent of Ukrainian children and youth reported\nby households not to be in school in a host country\nwere in this situation because remote and online\neducation was a barrier to enrolment in host country\nschools, compared to 72 per cent in the 2023\nMSNA. There are differences among those who\nwere following remote and online education and\nthose that were not. In the 2024 SEIS, 83 per cent\nof those that said that they were accessing remote\nor online education found remote and online\nlearning to be a barrier to enrolment in host country\nschools, compared to 7 per cent of those who were\nnot studying remotely or online.\n\n\nOf the children and youth of all ages (including small\nchildren and young adults under 24) that are\nreported by households not to be in school or in\nanother educational facility, 34 per cent cited the\nfact that their children and youth are engaged in\nremote and online learning as a reason for nonenrolment. [35]\n\n\n**Language barriers are the second largest barrier**\n**in accessing education in a host country for those**\n**of compulsory school age.** [36] 8 per cent of children\nreported to be in the compulsory school age range\nare said to experience language barriers as a\nreason not to enrol. If we compare the 2024 SEIS\nresults for those not enrolled in host country\nschools to those in the age range for compulsory\neducation we find that 11 per cent of those of\ncompulsory school age found language to be a\nbarrier compared to 6 per cent of those outside this\nage range. In line with expectations, the data shows\nthat those with lower perceived ability in the\nlanguage of instruction were more likely to identify\nlanguage as a barrier to enrolment that those with\nhigher perceived ability.\n\n\n\n**Other reasons not to enrol in host country schools.**\nCompared to 2023, the intention to move to\nanother country, avoiding the burden of enrolling\nchildren in local schools and family preference have\nincreased as reasons for non-enrolment of children\nand youth in host country education systems. The\nfact that no spaces are available in schools,\nlanguage barriers, and waiting for responses to\nenrolment requests have all become less\nprominent.\n\n\n29 per cent of children and youth aged 3-24 are\nreported to have already graduated from a\nUkrainian school and cite this as a reason to not\nenrol in a host country. [37]\n\n\nFor those under age 18, main barriers to enrolment\nare reported at similar rates for boys and girls. This\nmarks another shift from the 2023 MSNA results,\nwhich showed differences in the rates of boys and\ngirls experiencing barriers to education such as\nlanguage and getting no responses from schools to\nenrolment requests.\n\n\n**REMOTE EDUCATION IS STILL THE MAIN REASON FOR**\n**NON-ENROLMENT IN FORMAL SCHOOLS**\n\n\n2023 2024\n\n\nWaiting for\nresponse\n\n\nRemote learning\n\n\nNo space\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nIntention to move\n\n\nGraduated\n\n\nFamily preference\n\n\nAvoid burden\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nSource: 2023 MSNA and 2024 SEIS\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n## **Risks and** **opportunities**\n\nThis report shows some signs of improvement of\nthe overall educational situation of refugee children\nand youth from Ukraine in host countries in Europe\nin early 2025.\n\n\nEnrolment of children and youth in national\neducation systems of host countries is clearly on the\nrise, indicating that an increasing number of refugee\nchildren and youth from Ukraine, and their parents,\nare choosing longer-term and more sustainable\neducation options as they remain displaced for\nlonger periods of time. The proportion of children\nthat are completely out-of-school - those who are\nneither enrolled in a school in a host country nor in\nremote or online learning of curriculum from\nUkraine - is also decreasing considerably in many\nhost countries. [38]\n\n\nMost available data, however, shows that significant\nnumbers of refugee children and youth are still not\nenrolled in host country education systems.\nEstimated non-enrolment rates of refugee\npopulations remain in double digits in many\ncountries and are generally still lower than\nenrolment rates in the general population of host\ncountries. Many of those who are not enrolled in\nhost country schools remain overly, or exclusively,\nreliant on remote or online learning. This means that\nmany thousands of refugee children and youth from\nUkraine may not be attending schools in host\ncountries for an extended period, which exposes\nthem to long-term risks: [39]\n\n\n- Lower likelihood to **complete primary and**\n**secondary** education and entering **higher**\n**education** .\n\n- Limited opportunities to **seize their potential**,\naccess **decent work** and become **self-reliant** .\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n\n\n- Prolonged **reliance on remote and on-line**\n**education** and less interaction with peers, which\nmay affect **academic performance**, **psycho-**\n**social well-being** and **mental health** .\n\n- Increased risks of **sexual exploitation** and\n**gender-based violence** .\n\n\nDespite these continued risks, current trends also\npoint to opportunities that may improve the\neducational situation of refugee children and youth\nfrom Ukraine in years to come:\n\n\n- Some host countries are **removing**\n**administrative and other barriers** to education\nof refugees and are taking initiatives to **increase**\n**capacities** in schools and to **upgrade support**\n**systems** available to refugee students, by:\n\n\n - continuing to reinforce preparatory\nprogrammes for refugees in schools,\nincluding language support and other\nessential services;\n\n - taking all possible measures to promote safe\nand inclusive school environments;\n\n - stepping up support to children with\ndisabilities and other vulnerable groups;\n\n - improving data collection, harmonization and\nanalysis of Ukrainian refugee data to\nenhance accuracy and generate actionable\nknowledge to address the challenges\nobserved in the educational situation of\nrefugee children and youth from Ukraine. [40]\n\n\n- The Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science\nis offering educational options that allow for\n**maintenance of a link with the Ukrainian**\n**education system** and **portability of grades and**\n**certificates** [41], which would reduce workload for\nchildren and youth that wish to continue\nstudying parts of the Ukrainian curriculum, while\nat the same time enabling re-integration into the\nUkrainian education system whenever return\nbecomes possible.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.7644268870353699, - "start": 147, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH", - "confidence": 0.7213362455368042, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "host country education systems", - "confidence": 0.9685845971107483, - "start": 166, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7146095633506775, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth", - "confidence": 0.9388083815574646, - "start": 157, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugee data", - "confidence": 0.990861177444458, - "start": 533, - "end": 536 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9851714968681335, - "start": 558, - "end": 559 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children and youth", - "confidence": 0.8544747233390808, - "start": 553, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN AND YOUTH FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n## **Endnotes**\n\n1 For more information on the Refugee Response Plans, see [https://](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n[data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n2 For the MSNA report on education for 2023, see [https://data.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n[unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n3 See [https://tinyurl.com/y2z7wnur](https://tinyurl.com/y2z7wnur)\n4 See [https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n5 Source: UNHCR refugee protection monitoring, see [https://data.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/392?sv=54&geo=0)\n[unhcr.org/en/dataviz/392?sv=54&geo=0](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/392?sv=54&geo=0)\n6 Note that compulsory school age brackets vary considerably\nbetween countries. For an overview of compulsory education\npolicies and data in Europe, see [https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/compulsory-education-europe-20232024)\n[eu/publications/compulsory-education-europe-20232024 and](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/compulsory-education-europe-20232024)\n[https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/integrating-](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/integrating-students-migrant-backgrounds-schools-europe-national-policies-and-measures)\n[students-migrant-backgrounds-schools-europe-national-policies-](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/integrating-students-migrant-backgrounds-schools-europe-national-policies-and-measures)\n[and-measures](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/integrating-students-migrant-backgrounds-schools-europe-national-policies-and-measures)\n7 See tables with country-per-country data on [https://data.unhcr.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n[org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n8 In European Union countries, Temporary Protection holders have\nfull rights to access education; for asylum-seekers, EU States have\nan obligation to enrol asylum-seeking children within two months\nafter registration, see EU Directive 2024/1346 [https://www.](https://www.refworld.org/legal/reglegislation/council/2024/en/148002)\n[refworld.org/legal/reglegislation/council/2024/en/148002](https://www.refworld.org/legal/reglegislation/council/2024/en/148002)\n9 For an overview, see this report by the European Commission\u2019s\nDG EAC, [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/](https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/224f94b0-32a8-11ef-a61b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en)\n[publication/224f94b0-32a8-11ef-a61b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en](https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/224f94b0-32a8-11ef-a61b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en)\nand a recent mapping study by the Council of Europe, see [https://](https://rm.coe.int/mapping-study-on-access-to-education-of-the-children-of-ukraine-in-cou/1680b27e7e)\n[rm.coe.int/mapping-study-on-access-to-education-of-the-children-](https://rm.coe.int/mapping-study-on-access-to-education-of-the-children-of-ukraine-in-cou/1680b27e7e)\n[of-ukraine-in-cou/1680b27e7e - additional information available](https://rm.coe.int/mapping-study-on-access-to-education-of-the-children-of-ukraine-in-cou/1680b27e7e)\non the [inter-agency data portal on education of refugees from](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n[Ukraine, and data gathered by Eurydice](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9) [https://eurydice.eacea.](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/supporting-refugee-learners-ukraine-schools-europe-2022)\n[ec.europa.eu/publications/supporting-refugee-learners-ukraine-](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/supporting-refugee-learners-ukraine-schools-europe-2022)\n[schools-europe-2022](https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/supporting-refugee-learners-ukraine-schools-europe-2022)\n10 For example, as a result of regulatory limits on the number of\nchildren and youth that can be taught in a single classroom, or\nbecause of shortages of teaching materials.\n11 See, among other, UNHCR\u2019s Policy Brief _Education on Hold_, pp.\n12 - 13 - [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/103089](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/103089)\n12 The Ukraine emergency caused a geographic shift in refugee\npopulations in Europe, with arrivals more focused on land\ncrossings on the eastern boundaries of the EU. During the\nprevious peak in refugee and migrant arrivals in the region, in\n2015-2016, the bulk of refugees and migrants arrived through sea\nroutes on the Mediterranean.\n13 To name two examples, Poland introduced an exemption to\ncompulsory education early after the outbreak of the full-scale\nwar if parents signed a declaration that their child would remain\nin remote education in Ukraine. Poland has since abolished this\nexemption and is gradually returning to compulsory education for\nUkrainian children. A similar exemption to compulsory education\nin Latvia is under review and may be abolished, too.\n14 See [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n15 For a precise definition, see UNESCO - [https://uis.unesco.org/en/](https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-rate)\n[glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-rate](https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-rate)\n16 See [https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-](https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-rate)\n[rate](https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/total-net-enrolment-rate)\n17 See also UNHCR\u2019s Policy Paper _Learning after Lockdown_,\np. 14 - [https://reliefweb.int/report/world/refugee-education-europe-](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/refugee-education-europe-learning-after-lockdown-july-2022)\n[learning-after-lockdown-july-2022](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/refugee-education-europe-learning-after-lockdown-july-2022)\n18 The figure for Czech Republic reflects the situation in early 2024,\nfor more recent data see [https://msmt.gov.cz/ministerstvo/novinar/](https://msmt.gov.cz/ministerstvo/novinar/pocet-ukrajinskych-deti-a-zaku-uprchliku-se-v-regionalnim)\n[pocet-ukrajinskych-deti-a-zaku-uprchliku-se-v-regionalnim -](https://msmt.gov.cz/ministerstvo/novinar/pocet-ukrajinskych-deti-a-zaku-uprchliku-se-v-regionalnim)\n19 Source: administrative data and other sources, see the [Ukraine](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n[Regional Education Data Dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n20 See among other [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n[details/109522](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n21 Including the three additional countries that were not included in\nthe 2023 MSNA (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). If we count only the\nsix countries for which we have comparative data, the difference\nbetween the two years is only 2 percentage points.\n\n\n\n22 In 2023 there was data for only 7 out of the 10 countries we have\ndata for in 2024.\n23 There is very little correlation between these variables.\n24 See full data for a more detailed breakdown per type of\nenrolment.\n25 This means that 73 per cent of those not enrolled in host country\nschools are enrolled in online schooling.\n26 The _All-Ukrainian Online School_, _\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d_,\nsee [https://lms.e-school.net.ua/](https://lms.e-school.net.ua/)\n27 _\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c_, see [https://](https://offlineschool.mon.gov.ua/)\n\n[ofineschool.mon.gov.ua/. The grade recognition system](https://offlineschool.mon.gov.ua/)\nfacilitates reintegration into the Ukrainian education system of\nstudents who have studied abroad and who return to Ukraine. For\nexample, a student who passed mathematics in a given school\nyear in Poland will be able to present that grade to a Ukrainian\nschool upon return so the student does not have to redo the\nsubject.\n28 This usually means that children study 20-30 hours a week, as\nthey would if they were in school under normal circumstances.\n29 For example, participating in the National Multi-Subject Test to\nobtain a secondary education certificate that allows pupils to then\nenrol in higher education, see [https://enic.in.ua/index.php/en/](https://enic.in.ua/index.php/en/educationl-system/higher-education/national-multi-subject-test)\n[educationl-system/higher-education/national-multi-subject-test](https://enic.in.ua/index.php/en/educationl-system/higher-education/national-multi-subject-test)\n30 When considering children of all ages, this figure is slightly lower,\nwith 35 per cent of children and youth were enrolled in remote\nand online learning, ranging from 24 per cent in Czech Republic\nto 65 per cent in Romania. Those in the compulsory school age\nrange made up 88 per cent of all remote and online enrolment.\n31 The question asked was: \u201c _What type of remote or online learning_\n_was the child/young person enrolled in or conducting during the_\n_school year 2023-2024?_ \u201d\n32 In response to the question: \u201c _Is/was this child/young person_\n_studying under supervision of a teacher or other qualified_\n_educator from Ukraine?_ \u201d\n33 The IEA is a State Scientific Institution of Ukraine mandated with\ncollection, management and analysis of a wide variety of data on\neducation in Ukraine, see [https://iea.gov.ua/en/; the data provided](https://iea.gov.ua/en/)\nfor this report was updated up to February 2025.\n34 The full-scale war in Ukraine started in February 2022, half way\nthrough the 2021-2022 school year; most Ukrainians remained\ndisplaced through the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 school years;\nthe current school year, 2024-2025, is therefore the fourth\nschool year affected by displacement as a result of the Ukraine\nemergency.\n35 In the survey the response was \u201c _Still enrolled in a school in_\n_Ukraine and is attending this school remotely/online while staying_\n_abroad_ \u201d\n36 The 2024 SEIS has data on the age of the children that\nare reported by households. These ages were linked to the\ncompulsory school age bracket in the host country in which they\nreside to determine if they were under compulsory education or\nnot. This allowed for a more granular analysis taking into account\nthe differences in compulsory school ages in each country.\n37 \u201c _Already graduated_ \u201d - note that this result may be skewed by the\nfact that the question was asked for children and youth aged 3-24.\n38 See among other the \u2018out of school over time tab\u2019 on the [inter-](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n[agency data dashboard](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWQ0MWFhYjUtOGM5YS00YzliLThlZjAtZTY3ZjIwNGNjNjY3IiwidCI6IjFkNGZhZTUyLTM5YjMtNGJmYS1iMGIzLTAyMjk1NmIxMTE5NCIsImMiOjh9)\n39 These risks were also listed in the 2023 MSNA - see p.8 of\n\n[https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109522)\n40 UNHCR\u2019s policy recommendations can be found in the most\nrecent Policy Brief, see pp. 21-22 of [https://data.unhcr.org/en/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103089)\n[documents/details/103089](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103089)\n41 This can be achieved, for example, by building on the system of\naccreditation of grades and certificates suggested in the Ukrainian\nComponent programme, which features tables that allow for\ngrade comparison between host country education systems and\nthe Ukrainian education system, see [https://ofineschool.mon.gov.](https://offlineschool.mon.gov.ua/)\n[ua/](https://offlineschool.mon.gov.ua/)\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA report on education", - "confidence": 0.8594781160354614, - "start": 47, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5450389385223389, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.6286723613739014, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6637222170829773, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7925988435745239, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR refugee protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.583638072013855, - "start": 83, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5834839940071106, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "country-per-country data", - "confidence": 0.6709404587745667, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ukraine", - "confidence": 0.71628338098526, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.634480893611908, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency data portal on education of refugees", - "confidence": 0.7507662177085876, - "start": 311, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Eurydice", - "confidence": 0.9667363166809082, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9544417858123779, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Education Data Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9082744717597961, - "start": 639, - "end": 643 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7392808794975281, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7052958011627197, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6223755478858948, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.7813022136688232, - "start": 1191, - "end": 1192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6129902005195618, - "start": 1055, - "end": 1056 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7993966937065125, - "start": 1190, - "end": 1191 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7917230129241943, - "start": 1204, - "end": 1205 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **EDUCATION OF** **REFUGEE CHILDREN** **AND YOUTH FROM** **UKRAINE**\n\n#### An analysis of major trends and challenges in education of refugees from Ukraine in Europe April 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2e33cac-7266-570d-a29f-6f183b0e58bb/SEIS%20report%20education%202025%20-%20FINAL%2025042025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_624/raw/doc_624_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_624/raw/doc_624_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 809748e214717d1e285cd5e6ec3dbdce748b079e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_624/raw/doc_624_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1275 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Contents**\n\n\nAcknowledgements\b 2\nExecutive summary\b 3\nDemographic profiles \b 7\nGeneral Protection \b 9\nAccountability to affected people \b 11\nChild protection \b 13\nGender-based violence \b 15\nAccess to health and MHPSS services\b 18\nPrevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\b 21\nMethodology \b 22\n\n\n**Acknowledgements**\nThe analysis of general protection and AAP data was supported by Umar Galadima (UNHCR) and Milindi Illangasinghe (UNHCR).\nPrincipal author: Meron Yared, Associate Reporting Officer (UNHCR). The analysis of the child protection data was developed by\nUNHCR in collaboration with the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Regional Office. Principal authors: Sergii Lavrukhin (CommunityBased Protection Officer, UNHCR) and Anja Teltschik (Child Protection Specialist - Monitoring, Evaluation and Data, UNICEF). The\nGBV Analysis was developed by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Eastern Europe and Central Asia Regional Office\n(EECARO) in coordination with UNHCR and other agencies and INGOs. Principal authors: Mariana Santoyo Baham\u00f3n (GBV in\nEmergencies Preparedness Specialist, UNFPA) and Iuliana Gutu (Results Monitoring Consultant, UNFPA), with the technical support\nof Marta D\u2019Agosto (Community-Based Protection Officer, UNHCR), Audrey Barthalot (Women\u2019s Empowerment Officer, IRC), Natalia\nSzulc (IRC), as well as the technical guidance of Ana Ara\u00fajo (Regional GBV in Emergencies Specialist, UNFPA). The analysis of\ngender, age, and people with disabilities was developed by UN Women, principal author: Arianna Pearlstein (Research Consultant).\nThe analysis of prevention from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) was developed by UNHCR, principal author: Marta D\u2019Agosto\n(Community-Based Protection Officer) with the support of Rawan Abukhadra, Global Specialist for safeguarding and ethics in\nhumanitarian and high-risk environment for five regions for Save the Children. The work on the chapter was coordinated and\nreviewed by UNHCR, Angela Moore, Senior Community-Based Protection Officer, and Jad Ghosn, Senior Information Management\nOfficer.\n\n\n**Cover photo**\nPoland: Kristina, 36 and her children Roma, 12, Emanuel, 9 and Gizella, 4, have found a place in Warsaw that has become a\nsemblance of home for them. \u00a9 UNHCR/Anna Liminowicz\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "general protection and AAP data", - "confidence": 0.9346661567687988, - "start": 75, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Meron Yared", - "confidence": 0.8174880146980286, - "start": 98, - "end": 100 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Executive", - "confidence": 0.6237985491752625, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\b", - "confidence": 0.8244996666908264, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "child protection data", - "confidence": 0.8440579175949097, - "start": 112, - "end": 115 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9740558862686157, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mariana Santoyo Baham\u00f3n", - "confidence": 0.8585042357444763, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Europe and Central Asia", - "confidence": 0.7827140092849731, - "start": 174, - "end": 179 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "analysis of prevention from sexual exploitation and abuse", - "confidence": 0.6739097237586975, - "start": 302, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Marta D\u2019Agosto", - "confidence": 0.8431880474090576, - "start": 225, - "end": 229 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Executive summary**\n\n\n#### **Context**\n\nThe war in Ukraine, now in its third year has\ntriggered one of the largest displacement crises in\nEurope since World War II. As of February 2025,\nover 6.3 million Ukrainian refugees have been\nrecorded across Europe, the majority of whom are\nwomen, children, and older persons. In support of\nUkrainian refugees, the European Union extended\nthe Temporary Protection Directive until March\n2026, granting refugees access to essential health\nservices, education, and other critical support. The\nRepublic of Moldova, which also introduced\nTemporary Protection for Ukrainian refugees, has\nsimilarly extended this protection through March\n2026.\n\n\nWith the objective of collecting comprehensive data\non the situation and needs of refugees from\nUkraine, UNHCR in collaboration with the regional\nsector leads has conducted a socio-economic\ninsights survey (SEIS) in ten countries: Bulgaria,\nCzech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,\nRepublic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, and\nSlovakia. The data collection exercise focused on\nvarious sectors, including education, healthcare,\nand protection. Throughout these sectors, attention\nwas also focused on the impact of gender, age, and\ndisability on access to protection and assistance.\n\n\nThis regional report, the [second in the series,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109562)\npresents key findings related to protection,\nincluding child protection and gender-based\nviolence, as well as accountability to affected\npopulations (AAP) and protection from sexual\nexploitation and abuse (PSEA).\n\n\n#### **Key findings**\n\n\n\n**Accountability to Affected People (AAP):**\n\n- A comparatively higher share of vulnerable\ngroups reported receiving aid within three\nmonths from the date of interview: women (51%\ncompared to 38% of men), individuals with\ndisabilities (62% of households with a person\nwith a disability compared to 46% without), and\nthose aged 60+ (69% compared to 47% of\nindividuals aged 35-59 and 39% of those aged\n18-34). This highlights the importance of aid to\nvulnerable groups, with any reduction or cut\nlikely to disproportionately affect them.\n\n- The majority (83%) of respondents reported\nhaving at least one priority need, with\nemployment, healthcare, and accommodation\nbeing the most commonly cited priorities.\nHowever, there are significant differences based\non gender, age, and disability. In particular,\nwomen report higher rates of employment and\nlivelihood, adult training and education, and\neducation for children as their top needs.\nHealthcare and medicines are the primary needs\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n\n\n- Nearly all respondents (99.9%) possess some\nform of legal status in their host country, with\ntemporary protection being the most prevalent.\n\n\n\n\n- Thirty-five percent of surveyed households\nreported having at least one member who\nneeded to replace an identity document since\nleaving Ukraine, primarily international biometric\npassports. Of these, 20% were unable to obtain\nnew identity documents in the host country,\nmainly due to restrictions arising from\nmobilization rules, with men being the most\naffected.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socio-economic\ninsights survey", - "confidence": 0.973709225654602, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7859496474266052, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9714258313179016, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7900678515434265, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6059263944625854, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2026", - "confidence": 0.6484507322311401, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9511968493461609, - "start": 64, - "end": 66 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional report", - "confidence": 0.9343263506889343, - "start": 246, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7412977814674377, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Accountability to Affected People", - "confidence": 0.953181266784668, - "start": 306, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable\ngroups", - "confidence": 0.5121639966964722, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nfor older adults (60+), while language support\nstands out as a key need for younger people\n(18-29).\n\n- Forty-eight percent of respondents had received\naid in the three months prior to the survey, and\n95% of them expressed satisfaction with the\nassistance provided.\n\n- Of those interviewed, 36% of respondents\nreported difficulties accessing information,\nprimarily uncertainty about where to find\ninformation or which sources to trust. Refugees\nin rural areas, older persons, and households\nwith a person with a disability were more likely\nto report barriers to accessing information.\nThere are also differences in preferred means of\naccessing information among different genders,\nolder persons, and persons with disabilities,\nhighlighting the importance of tailored outreach\ninitiatives.\n\n\n**Child Protection:**\n\n- Family separation continues to be one of the\ndefining features of the Ukraine refugee crisis,\nwhich is one of the most stressful experiences\nfor children, as evidence shows. Households\nheaded by women with their own children\nconstituted over one-third of all surveyed\nhouseholds, while six percent of all households\nwith children reported that the children do not\nbelong to the nuclear family. Concerns about\nrisks for girls and boys in their neighbourhood\nremain high with over half (52%) of households\nsurveyed reporting risks for girls and boys. The\nmost commonly reported risks include\npsychological and physical violence in the\ncommunity, online violence and risks of neglect\nor abuse. For girls, the risk of sexual violence in\nthe community was also noted by eight percent\nof households.\n\n- As in the previous year, most households (over\n80%) reported feeling safe and comfortable to\ncontact the police to report a case of violence,\nexploitation, or neglect of a child in their\ncommunity.\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**Gender-Based Violence (GBV):**\n\n- Women, particularly in rural areas, demonstrate\nlow levels of awareness of available GBV\nsupport services, including limited knowledge of\nlegal assistance (37%), psychosocial support\nservices (34%) and helplines (35%). This lack of\nawareness, which has worsened between 2023\nand 2024, likely discourages disclosure and\nhelp-seeking behaviour.\n\n- Barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive\nhealth (SRH) services affected 5% of women and\ngirls, with long wait times (33%) and financial\nbarriers such as transport costs (23%) and clinic\nfees (19%) being most commonly reported.\n\n- Women report significantly higher concerns than\nmen about the risks of technology-facilitated\ngender-based violence (8% vs 3%) and sexual\nharassment (10% vs 1%).\n\n\n\n**PSEA:**\n\n\n\n\n- Of 72% of respondents who reported interacting\nwith aid workers, 96% were satisfied with the\nquality of interaction. However, nearly half of\nrefugees (43%) are unaware of where to report\nconcerns related to aid worker conduct, with\nEstonia showing the highest gap in this regard\n(63%).\n\n\n\n\n- Preferences in reporting channels for\nmisconduct vary across countries, with Moldova\nfavoring phone calls (45%), Estonia preferring\nemail (30%), and Latvia and Lithuania leaning\ntowards social media (39% and 31%\nrespectively).\n\n\n\n\n- Vulnerable populations, particularly those in rural\nareas or with disabilities, expressed difficulty in\nfinding information about how and where to\nreport SEA-related concerns.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5978383421897888, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.832368016242981, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9206240773200989, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.5993186235427856, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSEA", - "confidence": 0.5824557542800903, - "start": 502, - "end": 503 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7376196384429932, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n- Given the volatile situation in Ukraine, it is\nrecommended to maintain legal status for\nrefugees until conditions allow for safe, dignified,\nand sustainable returns. This can be achieved\neither through extending temporary protection\nor providing access to alternative residency\noptions until return is feasible.\n\n- Action should be taken to overcome\nadministrative, legal, and practical barriers that\nlimit refugees\u2019 access to identity documents and\ncivil registration, with a focus on addressing the\ngender, age, and disability factors that impact\nthese challenges.\n\n\n\n**Accountability to Affected People**\n\n- Ensure that programmatic decisions account for\nthe disproportionate impact of reductions in\nassistance on vulnerable groups, given that at\nthis stage of the response, they constitute a\nmore significant proportion of the population\nreceiving aid.\n\n- Disaggregate assessment data reflecting needs\nand assistance gaps that may serve as the basis\nfor programming, in recognition of the fact that\npriorities for assistance vary meaningfully across\npopulation groups.\n\n\n\n**Child Protection**\n\n- Child protection systems must consider the most\nserious risks identified for girls and boys and\nensure that all refugee children have access to\nadequate prevention and response services.\n\n- Concerted efforts are needed to make sure that\nreferral pathways are functional, child-friendly\nand sensitive to the specific needs of refugee\nchildren, including unaccompanied and\nseparated children.\n\n\n\n**Gender-Based Violence**\n\n- Increase GBV awareness-raising and outreach\nefforts, through accessible and relatable online\nand offline public information campaigns,\nfocusing on both prevention and response, and\ngrounded in a survivor-centred approach that\nrespects the diversity of women\u2019s experiences.\n\n- Address financial barriers to healthcare access\nfor women through targeted interventions, such\nas providing transportation vouchers or\nsubsidies.\n\n- Prioritize gender-sensitive and trauma-informed\ncare by deploying mobile teams composed of\nfemale staff trained on survivor-centred\npractices, ensuring women feel safe and\nempowered to seek support in remote and rural\nareas.\n\n- To ensure effective interventions and support for\naffected populations, national and inter-agency\nstakeholders must pursue a more\ncomprehensive understanding of GBV risks and\nexperiences by utilizing diverse data sources\nand methodologies, including qualitative and\nquantitative approaches and implementing\nstrategies to address the underreporting of\nsensitive issues, including through creating safe\nreporting mechanisms and fostering trust.\n\n- Prioritize the development and implementation\nof targeted interventions to address the unique\nsafety and security concerns of women considering also that many households are\nheaded by women with children - through\npartnerships with women-led organizations.\nExamples of interventions can include women\nand girls\u2019 safe spaces, GBV case management,\nand legal support. This should also include\nstrengthening digital safety measures to prevent\nonline GBV, enhancing security protocols in\nshared accommodations, and providing\nspecialized support services for women facing\ndiscrimination and potential abuse in private\nsettings.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment data", - "confidence": 0.9728766083717346, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reflecting needs\nand assistance gaps", - "confidence": 0.5457358956336975, - "start": 172, - "end": 177 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.8898762464523315, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.8184316754341125, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data sources", - "confidence": 0.5754672288894653, - "start": 400, - "end": 402 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.7331388592720032, - "start": 379, - "end": 381 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**PSEA**\n\n\n\n\n- Strengthen outreach, ensuring accessible\nreporting channels and reinforcing accountability\nremain key priorities.\n\n\n\n\n- AAP programming should target the genderdimensions that make employment and\nlivelihoods assistance, adult training, and child\neducation more highly reported priority need\namong women. Likewise, the distinct need of\nolder persons and persons with disabilities to\naccess healthcare and medicine should be\nspecifically integrated into programming.\n\n- Programs regarding access to healthcare and\nMHPSS must tailor outreach and service\nprovision to the distinct needs of women, men,\npersons with disabilities, and older persons.\n\n\n\n\n- Leverage local leadership by engaging trusted\ncommunity figures in reporting mechanisms.\n\n- Customize feedback systems to ensure\ntransparency, inclusivity, and regular follow-up\ntailored to country contexts.\n\n- Expand safeguarding training to local partners\nfor a stronger protection network.\n\n\n\n\n- Particularly for persons with disabilities,\nlanguage support should be provided to\nfacilitate access to GBV services.\n\n\n\n**Additional recommendations regarding age,**\n**gender, and persons with disabilities**\n\n\n\n\n- In the context of reductions and cuts in aid,\ntargeted support must be undertaken to\nmaintain assistance for women, older persons,\nand persons with disabilities who continue to\nreport higher reliance on aid.\n\n\n\n\n- GBV interventions must also provide support to\novercome the gender-specific concerns of\nrefugees accessing such services, particularly\nthe perceived stigma, shame, and fear of\nretaliation more highly reported among women.\n\n\n\n\n- Across all protection, AAP, child protection, and\nGBV programming, information provision must\nbe tailored to the preferences and access\nchallenges of groups based on factors such as\nage, gender, and disability.\n\n\n\n\n- Provide targeted MHPSS support for older\nrefugees, who report higher levels of mental\nhealth needs, potentially reflecting heightened\nvulnerabilities due to isolation, loss of\ncommunity ties, health challenges, or caregiving\nresponsibilities. Ensuring that MHPSS services\nare accessible and tailored to the specific needs\nof all age groups\u2014including older adults\u2014is\ncritical to fostering well-being and resilience\nacross the displaced population.\n\n\n\n\n- Aid workers should receive training on the\nrespectful provision of aid to vulnerable\ncommunities, particularly persons with\ndisabilities.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Demographic profiles**\n\n\n\n**AGE OF RESPONDENTS**\n\n\n30%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n18-34 35-59 60+\nyears old\n\n\n**AGE AND GENDER PYRAMID**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\n**KNOWLEDGE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE**\n\n\n31%\n28%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\nBeginner Intermediate Advanced Fluent Does not\nunderstand\n\n\n**% RESPONDENTS BY GENDER**\n\n\nWomen Men\n\n\n\n60+ years old\n\n\n35-59\n\n\n18-34\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n3-4\n\n\n0-2\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n79%\n\n79%\n\n\n84%\n\n86%\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n\n21%\n\n21%\n\n\n16%\n\n14%\n\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n63%\n\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n74%\n\n84%\n\n85%\n\n88%\n\n\n79%\n\n\n2.9\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n16%\n\n15%\n\n12%\n\n\n21%\n\n\n\n**AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE**\n\n\n2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3\n\n\n\n1.9\n\n\n\n3.4\n\n\n\nRegional\n\nBulgaria\n\nCzechia\n\nEstonia\n\nHungary\n\nLatvia\n\nLithuania\n\nMoldova\n\nPoland\n\nRomania\n\nSlovakia\n\n\n2.3\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n2.4\n\n\n\n2.0\n\n\n\nRegional Bulgaria Czechia Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic profiles", - "confidence": 0.7646982073783875, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.5994442105293274, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7763370871543884, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE", - "confidence": 0.8666090965270996, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n**OBLAST OF ORIGIN OF REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH AT LEAST 1 MEMBER WITH A DISABILITY**\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\n13%\n11%\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\n19%\n\n\n\n16%\n\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n11%\n10% 10%\n\n\n\nRegional Bulgaria Czechia Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Moldova Poland Romania Slovakia\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION**\n\n\n31%\n26%\n\n\n9%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n19%\n14%\n\n\n\nFemale\nadult(s)\n(18+)\nwith\nchildren\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\nFemale\nadult(s)\n(18+)\nwithout\nchildren\n\n\n\nMale\nadult(s)\n(18+)\nwith\nchildren\n\n\n\nMale\nadult(s)\n(18+)\nwithout\nchildren\n\n\n\nTwo or\nmore adults\n(+18)\nwith\nchildren\n\n\n\nTwo or\nmore adults\n\n(+18)\nwithout\nchildren\n\n\n\n\n- Among those surveyed, households headed by\nwomen with children make up the largest\nhousehold category, accounting for 31 percent of\nhouseholds, followed by women without\nchildren at 26 percent. The exceptions are Latvia\nand Moldova, where the largest household\ncategory consists of women without children,\ncomprising 31 percent and 42 percent of\nhouseholds, respectively.\n\n- About 37% of households with one member with\na disability reported having no family member\nemployed, relative to 20% of households without\na member with a disability. The composition and\nemployment status of households suggest that it\nis important to increase access to employment\nand livelihoods assistance tailored to the\nsituation of these households, as is further\nindicated by the priority needs discussed below.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **General Protection**\n\n\n#### **Access to legal status**\n\nAlmost all (99.9%) respondents have some form of\nlegal status in their host country. As in the previous\nyear, temporary protection [1] remains the most\ncommon legal status among refugees from Ukraine,\nheld by 94% of respondents. An additional 1% of\nrespondents have also applied for temporary\nprotection but were waiting for a decision on their\napplication at the time of the interview, while 1% of\nrespondents indicated that they have refugee\nstatus. Comparatively, a higher proportion of\nrefugees who have not applied for temporary\nprotection were recorded in Lithuania (14%), largely\nbecause they have obtained temporary or\npermanent residency instead.\n\n\n**LEGAL STATUS IN HOST COUNTRY**\n\n\n#### **Access to identity documents**\n\nOf those interviewed, 36% of households reported\nhaving at least one member who needed to replace\nan identity document since leaving Ukraine,\nprimarily international biometric passports. Of these,\n80% indicated that they were able to obtain a\nreplacement in the host country. However, the\nremaining 20% reported being unable to obtain\nidentity documents in the host country, with\nparticularly high proportions of respondents unable\nto secure a replacement in Romania (56%) and\nLithuania (55%).\n\n\nThe most commonly reported obstacle to obtaining\nidentity documents in host countries is restrictions\narising from mobilization rules, with men being the\nmost affected. [2] The percentage of male\nrespondents who reported an inability to obtain a\nreplacement identity document is three times higher\nthan that of female respondents (45% vs. 14%),\nprimarily due to the mobilization rules.\n\n\nThe non-issuance of certain identity documents in\nhost countries is the second most commonly\nreported barrier. While most identity documents can\nbe issued by Ukrainian consular institutions in host\ncountries, certain documents \u2013 such as refugee and\nstatelessness certificates \u2013 can only be obtained in\nUkraine.\n\n\nLong processing times are the third most frequently\nreported obstacle limiting access to identity\ndocuments. This is likely due to the gap between\nthe high demand for identity documents and the\ncapacity of Ukrainian consular institutions. The\ninability to afford administrative and associated\ncosts is also identified as an important barrier.\nComparatively, a higher proportion of older persons\n\n\n\nHave been granted temporary\n\nprotection in this country\n\nPermanent / long-term residence\npermit or visa*\n\n\nHave been granted refuge status\n\n\nHave applied for temporary\nprotection and waiting for decision\n\nTemporary / short-term residence\npermit or visa**\n\n\nOther status\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\n94%\n\n\n\n\n- 12 months or more - unconnected to temporary protection\n** less than 12 months - unconnected to temporary protection\n\n\n\n1. In response to the mass influx of refugees from Ukraine, the European Union (EU), through the Council\u2019s Implementing Decision\n2022/382 of 4 March 2022, triggered the application of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) 2001/55/EC, the duration of\nwhich has been extended until March 2026.\n2. According to the mobilization law, Ukrainian men between 18 and 60 years of age who are residing or staying abroad (including\nrefugees) are required to have an updated and valid individual military registration document to be able to access the full range\nof consular services (including issuance of documents) through consulates, and to access national ID cards or passports via the\nservices of the State enterprise \u201cDocument\u201d.\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nreport an inability to obtain a replacement identity\ndocument due to financial constraints (44%,\ncompared to the 14% average).\n\n\n**IDENTITY DOCUMENTS RESPONDENTS NEEDED TO REPLACE**\n\n\n\nInternational biometric passport\n\n\nInternal passport\n\n\nID cards\n\n\nInternational non-biometric\n\npassport\n\n\n\n28%\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n#### **Access to civil registration**\n\nOf those interviewed, 12% of respondents reported\nchanges in their family composition since leaving\nUkraine, including births, marriages, and deaths. Of\nthese, 81% indicated that they did not face\nchallenges registering these events with the civil\nauthorities of the host country. However, the\nremaining 19% reported experiencing difficulties\nwith the registration process. In comparison, a\nhigher proportion of respondents in Bulgaria (24%)\nand the Czech Republic (23%) reported challenges\nwith the civil registration process. Across all\nhouseholds, the main reported challenge was the\nlong wait to receive civil status documents after\nregistration. Inability to meet application\nrequirements \u2013 including a lack of supporting\ndocuments \u2013 was the second most reported\nobstacle to civil registration. Unawareness of the\nregistration process is also identified as an\nimportant barrier limiting refugees\u2019 access to civil\nregistration.\n\n\n**BARRIERS TO CIVIL REGISTRATION**\n\n\n#### **Social cohesion**\n\nAlmost half (49%) of the refugees interviewed\nreported having a good relationship with host\ncommunities, while an additional 16% described\ntheir relationship as very good. Thirty percent of\nrespondents described their relationship with host\ncommunities as neutral \u2013 neither good nor bad.\nOnly a small percentage of respondents reported\nhaving a bad (4%) or very bad (<1%) relationship with\nhost communities.\n\n\nWhen asked if their relationship with host\ncommunities had changed since their first arrival in\nthe host country, 61% of respondents replied no,\nwhile 10% reported an improvement. However, 21%\nof respondents mentioned that their relationship\nwith host communities had worsened, with a higher\nproportion of respondents reporting such a change\nin Poland (29%).\n\n\nSince their arrival in the host country, 65% of\nhouseholds reported that they have not\nexperienced any hostile behavior from the local\npopulation. The remaining 35% of households\nreported experiencing some form of hostile\nbehavior, predominantly verbal aggression (73%)\nand discrimination (41%).\n\n\n**RELATIONSHIP WITH HOST COMMUNITIES**\n\n\n49%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n4%\n\n\nBad Neutral Good Very\ngood\n\n\n**TYPES OF HOSTILE BEHAVIOUR**\n\n\n\nI have registered but am waiting\nto receive my documents\n\nI do not know how to register with\nthe authorities / obtain documents\n\nI tried to register but could not\nmeet requirements\n\n\nOther\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\n36%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\nVerbal aggression\n\n\nDiscriminatory behavior\n\n\nHostile/aggressive comments in\nsocial media\n\nHostile/aggressive comments in\nnews forums online\n\n\nPhysical attack\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n41%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n73%\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "civil registration process", - "confidence": 0.520020067691803, - "start": 168, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9314902424812317, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Accountability to affected people**\n\n\n#### **Access to aid**\n\nOf those interviewed, 48% of respondents had\nreceived aid in the three months preceding the\nsurvey, mostly in the form of humanitarian\ndistributions (47%), government-provided social\nprotection (33%), and cash (26%). Of those who\nreported receiving aid, 90% expressed satisfaction\nwith the aid they received, a marked increase from\nthe 82% recorded in the previous year. In contrast,\n10% of respondents indicated dissatisfaction with\nthe aid received, primarily with cash assistance and\nhumanitarian distributions. The main reason for\ndissatisfaction was the insufficiency or infrequency\nof the aid received. Some respondents also\nhighlighted delays in the delivery of aid and the\nprovision of aid that did not align with their\nhousehold needs.\n\n\n**TYPE OF AID RECEIVED IN THE LAST 3 MONTHS**\n\n\n\nWhen asked about their preferred means of\ncommunication for providing feedback on the\nquality, quantity, and appropriateness of aid,\nrespondents indicated phone calls/helplines (42%),\nface-to-face communication (26%), and Telegram\n(24%) as their top choices for communication\nmethods, though other social media channels\n(Viber, Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, Instagram)\nwere also highlighted. Particularly for older persons\naged 60+, face-to-face remains the preferred form\nof providing feedback after phone calls and\nhelplines. The absence of one platform offering the\npotential to reach the majority of the refugee\npopulation highlights the importance of facilitating\ncommunication through different channels in\nparallel, to ensure the widest coverage possible.\n\n\n**PREFERRED MEANS OF PROVIDING FEEDBACK TO AID**\n**PROVIDERS**\n\n\n\n**REASON FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH AID**\n\n\nAssistance received was insufficient /\nwas not enough / not frequent enough\n\nDid not receive the aid on time / delays in\ndelivery of aid\n\nThe assistance delivered was not what\nthe household needed the most\n\nAssistance/Services received were of\npoor quality\n\n\nI was not consulted on what I need\n\n\nI was unsure of my entitlements\n\n\n\n24%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n\n69%\n\n\n\nThe assistance was not easily accessible\n\n\nServices did not feel safe or were not\nprovided in a safe way\n\n\n\n6%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\nHumanitarian distributions (non-food\nitems, clothing, food, etc)\n\nGovernment social protection\n(government)\n\n\nHumanitarian financial aid (cash)\n\n\nGovernment assistance programmes\n\n\nHumanitarian financial aid (vouchers)\n\n\nGovernment housing programmes\n\n\nOther type of aid\n\n\nHumanitarian protection services\n\n\n\n47%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n26%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n5%\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n26%\n\n\n24%\n\n\n18%\n\n\n17%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n42%\n\n\n\nIn comparison, a higher share of women reported\nreceiving aid than men (51% of women compared to\n38% of men). Similarly, 62% of households with a\nperson with a disability reported receiving aid in the\nlast three months compared to 46% of households\nwithout a person with a disability. Additionally, 69%\nof individuals aged 60+ reported receiving aid,\ncompared to 47% of individuals aged 35-59 and\n39% of individuals aged 18-34. This highlights the\ndependence of vulnerable groups on aid to support\nthemselves in host countries, with any reduction or\ncut likely to disproportionately affect them.\n\n\n\nPhone call / Helpline\n\n\nFace to face (helpdesk, outreach\nvolunteer, community centers)\n\n\nTelegram\n\n\nEmail\n\n\nViber\n\n\nFacebook\n\n\nSMS\n\n\nOfficial websites\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n#### **Access to information**\n\nOverall, 64% of respondents reported experiencing\nno challenges in accessing information. The\nremaining 36% reported facing challenges,\nincluding not knowing where to access information\nor which sources to trust. In comparison, a higher\nproportion of refugees residing in rural areas, older\npersons, and households containing at least one\nperson with a disability reported facing barriers to\naccessing information.\n\n\n**PREFERED MEANS OF RECEIVING INFORMATION**\n\n\n\nsalient gender differences. While the top three\nneeds are the same among women and men,\nemployment and livelihoods is more strongly\nreported as a top need by women compared to\nmen (39% versus 33% respectively) while 15% of\nwomen also reported training/education for adults\nas a top need compared to 10% of men. Seventeen\npercent of women also reported education for\nchildren as a top need compared to 11% of men. This\nmay, however, be explained by the fact that more\nwomen have come to host countries with children\ncompared to men.\n\n\n**PRIORITY NEEDS**\n\n\n\nTelegram\n\n\nPhone call / Helpline\n\n\nFacebook\n\n\nFace to face (helpdesk, outreach\nvolunteer, community centers)\n\n\nOfficial websites\n\n\nViber\n\n\n\n36%\n\n\n31%\n\n\n30%\n\n\n27%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n20%\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n22%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n16%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\nRefugees interviewed indicated Telegram as their\npreferred means of receiving information, followed\nby phone calls/helplines and Facebook. However,\nthe preferred channel for receiving information\nvaried by age: the majority of older persons\nreported phone calls and face-to-face\ncommunication as their preferred methods. There\nwas also slight variation by gender as more men\nexpressed a preference for receiving information by\nphone calls/helplines compared to women.\n\n#### **Priority needs**\n\nThe majority (83%) of respondents reported having\nat least one priority need. In order of priority,\nemployment, accommodation, and healthcare were\nthe most commonly cited needs by refugees\nsurveyed. However, there is a slight variation among\ndifferent age groups, genders and households. For\nexample, older persons and households containing\na person with a disability reported healthcare and\nmedicine as their most pressing need, while young\npeople aged 18-29 cited language courses among\ntheir top three priority needs.. There are likewise\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\nEmployment/livelihoods\n\n\nAccommodation\n\n\nHealthcare services\n\n\nLanguage courses\n\n\nEducation for children\n\n\nMedicines\n\n\nFood\n\n\nTraining/education for adults\n\n\nLegal status\n\n\n#### **Access to safe and confidential** **reporting channels**\n\nThe majority of respondents (77%) reported having\naccess to safe and confidential reporting channels\nto obtain information, seek assistance, or report\nissues within their community. The remaining 23%\nindicated not having access to such channels, with\nhigher proportions reporting access issues in\nLithuania (44%), Poland (33%), and Estonia (31%).\nWhen asked if they had received an appropriate\nresponse through available reporting channels,\nincluding hotlines and community centers, 84%\nreplied yes, 11% replied no, and 5% did not know\nthey could report complaints or provide feedback\nthrough them.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Telegram", - "confidence": 0.6013184785842896, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9497930407524109, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Child protection**\n\n\n#### **Family separation**\n\nFamily separation continues to be one of the\ndefining features of the Ukraine refugee crisis\nAccording to [UNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring, 72%](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/392?sv=54&geo=0)\nof refugees surveyed reported being separated\nfrom immediate family members. [3] In this context,\nmany children have been separated from one or\nboth their parents or primary caregivers. They often\narrived in host countries accompanied by either one\nparent (primarily their mother), a relative, or another\ntrusted adult, due to the inability or unwillingness of\nthe parents/caregivers to leave the country.\n\n\nResearch shows that being separated from family is\none of the most stressful experiences for children.\nSeparation from caregivers is especially difficult and\ncan have a greater long term psychological impact\nthan the conflict itself, often resulting in\npsychosocial distress with short- and long-term\nconsequences for children\u2019s development and their\nsocial and emotional wellbeing. Children who are\nseparated from the families are also at an increased\nrisk of becoming a victim of violence, exploitation,\ntrafficking, discrimination, and other types of abuse.\n\n\nHouseholds headed by women with their own\nchildren constitute around 31% of all households\nsurveyed across the ten countries and thus the\nlargest household category for nearly all countries.\nSix percent of the households with children\nreported that the children do not belong to the\nnuclear family.\n\n\n#### **Risks faced by refugee children in** **displacement**\n\nRefugee households with at least one boy or girl\nwere asked whether the children face any risks in\ntheir neighbourhood and what the most serious\nrisks are. Of these, 52% of households reported\nrisks for boys and 53% for girls. There are variations\nacross countries: households in the Czech Republic,\nfor instance, were much more concerned about\nrisks for boys and girls in their neighbourhood than\nthe households in any of the other countries \u2013 risks\nwere reported by almost 70% of households in the\nCzech Republic for boys and by 64% of households\nfor girls. As there were changes made to the\nresponse options, the 2024 data cited here are not\ncomparable with 2023 data.\n\n\nThe most reported risks for boys were\npsychological [4] (24%) and physical (18%) violence in\nthe community, online violence (18%), followed by\nthe risk of neglect and abuse with 15% and 13%\nrespectively. The most reported risks for girls by\nhouseholds were psychological violence in the\ncommunity (27%), online violence (18%) and risk of\nneglect at home (13%), which was closely followed\nby physical violence in the community (12%), risk of\nabuse (11%) and sexual violence in the community\n(8%). While there were similar risks reported for girls\nand boys (e.g., psychological violence and online\nviolence), it is noteworthy that the risk of\npsychological violence within the home was\nreported more often for girls (4%) than boys (2%), as\nwell as the risk of sexual violence in the community\n(8% for girls, 1% for boys), and the risk of trafficking\n(3% for girls and 1% for boys). There are also notable\nvariations across countries.\n\n\n\n3. Data as of 17 February 2025\n[4. The International Classification of Violence against Children (ICVAC) (p. 32-34) defines psychological violence as follows:](https://data.unicef.org/resources/international-classification-of-violence-against-children/)\n\u201cAny deliberate, unwanted and non-essential act, verbal and non-verbal, that harms or has a high likelihood of harming the\ndevelopment of a child, including long-term physiological harm and mental health consequences\u201d. In line with the ICVAC, such\nacts include \u2018terrorizing a child (e.g., threat of abandonment, harm or danger against a child); harassing, spurning and humiliating\na child (e.g., repeatedly belittling, degrading, shaming or ridiculing a child); exposure of a child to domestic violence or to\nother violent experiences (e.g., witnessing war crimes); and other acts of psychological violence against a child not elsewhere\nclassified\u2019.\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9254395365715027, - "start": 51, - "end": 53 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9797961711883545, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.9448645710945129, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.9659754633903503, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 data", - "confidence": 0.9324925541877747, - "start": 412, - "end": 414 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Czech Republic", - "confidence": 0.8129241466522217, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.875083327293396, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8831213116645813, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9224336743354797, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.6394139528274536, - "start": 643, - "end": 644 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries", - "confidence": 0.5385650396347046, - "start": 639, - "end": 640 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8793299198150635, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8310215473175049, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nPsychological violence, the most commonly\nreported risk for both boys and girls, can\nsignificantly impact children\u2019s emotional well-being,\ncontributing to distress and a diminished sense of\nsafety. Experiences of threats, humiliation, and\nemotional neglect, particularly in the context of\ndisplacement, highlight the need for accessible\nMHPSS services to support children\u2019s well-being\nand resilience. Strengthening mental health support\nwithin child protection systems, schools, and\ncommunities is essential to addressing these risks\nand ensuring refugee children receive the care they\nneed.\n\n\n**THREE MOST SERIOUS RISKS FACED BY BOYS AND GIRLS UNDER**\n**THE AGE OF 18 MOST COMMONLY REPORTED BY REFUGEE**\n**HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TEN COUNTRIES SURVEYED**\n\n\nGirls Boys\n\n\n#### **Reporting cases of violence,** **exploitation, or neglect of children** **in your community**\n\nKnowledge of where to turn to safely report\nviolence against or exploitation of a child is an\nimportant component of the protective environment\nfor refugee children. More than 80% of households\nsurveyed reported feeling safe and comfortable to\ncontact the police to report a case of violence,\nexploitation, or neglect of children in their\ncommunity. Comparing the 2023 [2] and 2024\nresponses to this option from the same seven\ncountries shows that there has not been a change\n\n- with 84% and 83% of households respectively\nhaving indicated that they feel comfortable and safe\nreporting to the police.\n\n\nApart from the police, 18% of households surveyed\nin 2024 reported feeling safe and comfortable to\nreport cases to other government agencies/\ninstitutions (including government-run helplines) and\n15% to NGOs (including NGO-run helplines) with\nsome notable variations across countries.\n\n\nSeven percent of respondents stated that they are\nnot aware how to report a case of violence against\na child or child exploitation, while 2% of the\nrespondents would not be comfortable reporting\nthese concerns, and another 2% said that they do\nnot know of any services related to child protection.\nA comparison of the 2023 and 2024 responses to\nthese three options from the same seven countries\nshows no change in the percentages over the\ncourse of the year.\n\n\n**% SAFEST AND COMFORTABLE TO CONTACT WHEN REPORTING**\n**CASES OF VIOLENCE, EXPLOITATION, OR NEGLECT TO CHILDREN**\n**IN YOUR COMMUNITY**\n\n\n\nNo concerns\n\n\nPsychological violence in the\ncommunity\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to\nviolence online\n\n\nPhysical violence in the\ncommunity\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to\nneglect\n\n\nIncreased vulnerability to\nabuse\n\n\nWorsened mental health and\npsycho-social wellbeing\n\n\nSexual violence in community\n\n\nPsychological violence within\nhome\n\nIncreased risks of separation\nfrom the family and or\nplacement into residential\nfacility\n\n\nPhysical violence within home\n\n\nIncreased risks of trafficking\n\n\nOther\n\n\nSexual violence in home\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n83%\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n\n\nPolice\n\nOther Government\nagency/Institution (including\nGovernment helplines)\n\nNGO (including NGO Helplines)\n\n\nI am not aware how to report\nthese cases\n\nI would not be comfortable/trust\nto report to any of the above\n\n\nI do not know of any services\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Gender-based violence**\n\n\n#### **Awareness of GBV-related** **services**\n\nIn 2024, awareness of GBV services remains\ncritically low, even declining from 2023. This lack of\nawareness manifests differently between genders:\nwhile both women and men demonstrate limited\nknowledge of helplines, psychosocial services, and\nlegal assistance, the specific areas of deficiency and\nthe rates of awareness vary.\n\n\n**% OF FEMALE RESPONDENTS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF GBV-**\n**RELATED SERVICES, BY YEAR**\n\n\n2024 2023\n\n\n\nHouseholds with female members, particularly\nthose reporting security and safety concerns,\ndemonstrate higher awareness of GBV-related\nservices. This raises the question of whether this\nincreased awareness is due to women and girls\nbeing disproportionately affected by GBV, or if\nthese households are simply more attuned to\navailable services because of their heightened\nsecurity and safety concerns. Most respondents are\nunaware of psychosocial support (56% women, 65%\nmen), helpline services (62% for both women and\nmen), and legal assistance (55% women, 57% men)\nhighlighting a critical gap in general knowledge\nabout available resources.\n\n\n**% OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF GBV RELATED**\n**SERVICES, BY LOCATION**\n\n\nRural Urban\n\n\n\nHelpline service\n\n\nPsychosocial services\n\n\nLegal assistance\n\n\nHealth services\n\n\nSafety and security services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHelpline service\n\n\nLegal assistance\n\n\nPsychosocial services\n\n\nHealth services\n\n\nSafety and security services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**% OF MALE RESPONDENTS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF GBV-**\n**RELATED SERVICES, BY YEAR**\n\n\n2024 2023\n\n\n\n**% OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF GBV RELATED**\n**SERVICES, BY DISABILITY STATUS**\n\n\n\nHouseholds without a\nperson with disability\n\n\n\n\n\nHouseholds with a person\nwith disability\n\n\nHelpline service\n\n\nPsychosocial services\n\n\nLegal assistance\n\n\nHealth services\n\n\nSafety and security services\n\n\n\n\n\nPsychosocial services\n\n\nHelpline service\n\n\nLegal assistance\n\n\nHealth services\n\n\nSafety and security services\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV", - "confidence": 0.5646857023239136, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6377507448196411, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6808064579963684, - "start": 299, - "end": 300 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5927431583404541, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nDisparities exist in awareness of GBV-support\nservices between respondents in rural and urban\nareas, with rural respondents showing lower levels\nof awareness. Specifically, rural respondents exhibit\nsignificantly higher rates of unawareness regarding\npsychosocial services (66% vs. 57%), health services\n(45% vs. 37%), and legal assistance (63% vs. 55%).\nThis underscores the need for targeted outreach in\nrural communities.\n\n\nIn general, households with a person with disability\nshow a slightly higher awareness of GBV services\ncompared to households without a person with\ndisability. This disparity is particularly notable in\nrelation to helpline services. Awareness of health\nand safety/security services is comparable among\nall households, with minor or no significant\nvariations. Generally, this lack of knowledge and\nawareness poses a serious obstacle to effective\nsupport and underscores the urgent need for\ntargeted awareness campaigns and programmatic\ninterventions.\n\n#### **Perceived barriers to accessing** **GBV-related services**\n\n**Perceived barriers to GBV-support services differ**\n**significantly between rural and urban areas.** In\nrural areas, the main perceived barriers were lack of\nservice awareness (51% of women, 59% of men),\nlanguage/cultural barriers (44% of women, 49% of\nmen), and stigma/shame (48% of women, 41% of\nmen). Women in rural areas also report higher rates\nof fear of retaliation and distrust of the host country\nthan men. Additional barriers in rural areas include\ndiscrimination/bias and financial constraints.\n\n\nIn urban areas, geographic barriers (59% for women\nand 55% for men) and inadequate service\navailability (48% for women and 40% for men)\nemerged among the top three barriers, followed by\nlack of trained professionals (29% for women and\n25% for men) and legal or institutional barriers (24%\nfor women and 20% for men). Some respondents in\nurban areas also reported \u2018other barriers\u2019 without\nspecifying further. However, further research is\nneeded to fully understand the nuances of these\ngendered experiences and avoid potential\nmisinterpretation of the data.\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n\n**TOP 7 BARRIERS TO ACCESSING GBV-RELATED SERVICES BY**\n**GENDER (RURAL AREAS)**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\nLack awareness\n\n\nLanguage/cultural barriers\n\n\nStigma/shame\n\n\nFear retaliation\n\n\nLack trust host country\n\n\nDiscrimination bias\n\n\nFinancial constraints\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**TOP 7 BARRIERS TO ACCESSING GBV-RELATED SERVICES BY**\n**GENDER (URBAN AREAS)**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\nGeographic barriers\n\n\nOther\n\n\nInadequate service availability\n\n\nLack trained professionals\n\n\nLegal institutional barriers\n\n\nFinancial constraints\n\n\nLack trust host country\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5372268557548523, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban areas", - "confidence": 0.7508677840232849, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n#### **Safety and security concerns**\n\nAmong respondents, 43% of women and 44% of\nmen indicated they had no security concerns in the\narea of residence. Gender disparities exist among\nthose expressing safety concerns: women reported\n**verbal harassment, robbery, and discrimination or**\n**persecution,** as their top concerns **,** while men\u2019s\nprimary concerns centered on **deportation, robbery**\n**and verbal harassment** . Perceived safety and\nsecurity concerns also varied by location. Women in\nurban areas reported more concerns related to\nrobbery (36% vs. 24%) and verbal harassment (41%\nvs. 34%) compared to rural women. However,\neconomic violence (15% vs 9%) and sexual\nharassment (13% vs. 10%) were perceived as greater\nsafety and security concerns by women in rural\nareas.\n\nFurther analysis reveals **specific vulnerabilities**\n**among households with a person with a disability.**\nThese households report heightened concerns\nabout **robbery** (42% compared to 34% in\nhouseholds without a person with disability) and\n**sexual harassment** (14% compared to 10%).\nConversely, households with a member with a\ndisability report lower levels of concern regarding\nverbal harassment (29% compared to 43%).\n\n\nThese findings underscore the importance of\ntailoring interventions to specific vulnerabilities and\naddressing the unique safety needs of both women\nand men. Further analysis is needed to understand\nthe specific risks and vulnerabilities experienced by\nparticular groups within the refugee population,\nsuch as adolescent girls, youth, elderly and persons\nwith disabilities.\n\n\n\nNo concerns\n\n\nDeported\n\n\nRobbery\n\n\nVerbal harassment\n\n\nDiscrimination persecution\n\n\nExploitation\n\n\nConfiscation ID papers\n\n\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING TOP 7 SAFETY AND SECURITY**\n**CONCERNS FOR WOMEN BY LOCATION**\n\n\nUrban Rural\n\n\n\nNo concerns\n\n\nVerbal harassment\n\n\nRobbery\n\n\nDiscrimination persecution\n\n\nThreatened violence\n\n\nEconomic violence\n\n\nSexual harassment\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING TOP 7 SAFETY AND SECURITY**\n**CONCERNS FOR MEN BY LOCATION**\n\n\nUrban Rural\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Access to health and MHPSS services**\n\n\n**TOP 5 CHALLENGES ACCESSING HEALTH SERVICES (OUT OF THOSE WITH UNMET NEED)**\n\n\n**2023** **2024**\n\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\nUnable make appointment\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nLack of knowledge\n\n\nCould no afford clinic fee\n\n\nSpecific medication, treatment\nunavailable\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\nLong waiting times\n\n\nCould not afford transport\n\n\nUnable make appointment\n\n\nCould not afford hospital\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**BARRIERS TO ACCESSING HEALTH CARE**\n\n\n2023 2024\n\n\n\nLong waiting times*\n\n\nCould not afford transport\n\n\nUnable make appointment\n\n\nCould not afford hospital\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nCould not afford clinic fee\n\n\nLack of knowledge\n\n\nLack health insurance\n\n\nDo not trust local provider\n\n\nSpecific medication,\ntreatment or service\nneeded unavailable\n\n\nRefused to provide care\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccess to health and MHPSS services is closely\ninterlinked with GBV services and the wider\nprotection of refugees. This report therefore\nprovides a key summary of findings related to\nhealth and MHPSS, additional details can be found\nin the separate chapter [Navigating Health and](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114251)\n[Well-Being Challenges for Refugees for Ukraine -](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114251)\n[2nd Edition.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114251)\n\n\n\nIn the 30 days prior to the survey, 83% of the\nindividuals requiring healthcare were able to access\nservices, indicating a slight decrease from 88% in\n2023 and affecting both women and men. Unmet\nhealthcare needs were notably higher among\npersons with chronic illnesses (21%) and disabilities\n(18%) compared to those without these\nvulnerabilities (12%). Refugees\u2019 ability to navigate\nhost-country health systems improved, reflected in\na decrease of challenges in securing appointments\nwhich fell from 38% in 2023\u2014when it was the top\nbarrier\u2014to 21% in 2024, aided by information and\nawareness efforts from health authorities and RRP\npartners. While the primary barrier to accessing\nhealthcare reported by both women and men was\nlong wait times, women reported unaffordable\ntransport costs (25%) and hospital fees (21%) as their\nnext most significant barriers. In contrast, men\nreported language difficulties (22%) and the inability\nto make an appointment (22%) as their top barriers\nafter long wait times. Barriers to accessing sexual\nand reproductive health (SRH) services affected 5%\nof women and girls, with long wait times (33%) and\nfinancial barriers such as transport costs (23%) and\nclinic fees (19%) being most commonly reported.\n\n**For households with a person with a disability,**\n**among those with an unmet need, the top barriers**\n**to healthcare access are related to transportation**\n**issues (including inability to afford transportation**\n**(28%) and lack of means of transportation (14%)),**\n**hospital costs (29%) followed by long waiting**\n**times (23%).** These barriers are further\ncompounded by lack of specialized medical\ntreatment services (13%), that were not mentioned\nby households without a person with a disability.\nThis analysis underscores the need for gendersensitive and disability-inclusive interventions to\naddress these challenges and ensure equitable\naccess to healthcare for all.\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\n**ARRIERS ACCESSING HEALTH SERVICES (OUT OF THOSE WITH**\n**UNMET NEED) BY DISABILITY STATUS**\n\n\nHouseholds without disability Households with disability\n\n\n\nsought support, highlighting the need to address\nbarriers such as poor awareness about and\nconfidence in services, stigma, and language and\navailability constraints. Experiences accessing\nsupport differed among women and men, with the\nlater less often seeking support.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES ACCESSING MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL**\n**SUPPORT SERVICES (OUT OF THOSE WHO REPORTED**\n**CHALLENGES) BY GENDER**\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\n\nLong waiting times\n\n\nCould not afford transport\n\n\nCould not afford hospital\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nUnable make appointment\n\n\nCould not afford clinic fee\n\n\nLack of knowledge\n\n\nLack health insurance\n\n\nSpecific medication, treatment\nor service needed unavailable\n\n\nDo not trust local provider\n\n\nRefused to provide care\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDid not believe need support\n\n\nDid not know where to go\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nWait and see\n\n\nLack of time\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CHALLENGES ACCESSING MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL**\n**SUPPORT SERVICES (OUT OF THOSE WHO REPORTED**\n**CHALLENGES) BY DISABILITY STATUS**\n\n\nNo disability With disability\n\n\n\nMental health and psychosocial needs are a\nsignificant and growing concern for Ukrainian\nrefugees, with 23% of individuals reporting mental\nhealth and psychosocial problems that affect their\ndaily functioning and 36% of households reporting\nat least one member affected. This represents a rise\nfrom 19% of individuals and 30% of households in\n2023. Women, especially those aged 35 and older,\nconsistently reported higher levels of mental health\nproblems compared to men. Individuals with chronic\nillnesses or disabilities reported higher MHPSS\nneeds, with 41% of those with chronic conditions\nand 51% of those with disabilities experiencing\nmental health challenges. Among individuals\nreporting mental health or psychosocial problems\naffecting daily functioning, less than half (46%)\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\nDid not know where to go\n\n\nDid not believe need support\n\n\nLanguage barrier\n\n\nWait and see\n\n\nLack of time\n\n\nCannot afford fee\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n# **Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and** **Abuse**\n\n\n\nThe socio-economic and humanitarian situation in\nUkraine and neighboring countries remains complex\nand volatile, with ongoing displacement and\nresource strain heightening vulnerabilities among\nrefugees. This underscores the critical need for\nrobust and adaptive responses to address\nprotection gaps, including those related to SEA, as\nhighlighted by the 2024 Socio-Economic Insights\nSurvey (SEIS). The SEIS has provided vital insights\ninto perceptions of aid worker behavior, awareness\nof reporting mechanisms, and barriers to reporting\nconcerns within the Ukraine refugee response.\nThese findings underscore the importance of\nstrengthening systems to protect refugees from\nSexual Exploitation and Abuse while building trust\nand accountability in humanitarian operations.\n\nThe survey revealed that **72%** of households\ninteracted with aid workers; **96%** of these\nexpressed satisfaction while 4 **%** voiced\ndissatisfaction. The majority of respondents\nexpressed satisfaction with the behavior of aid\nworkers, reflecting a strong commitment to\nupholding professional standards. However, those\nrespondents who voiced dissatisfaction, cited\nreasons such as a lack of empathy, perceived\nineffectiveness of feedback mechanisms, and\ninsufficient communication about entitlements.\nAmong households with **disabilities**, about **86%**\ninteracted with aid workers and of those, **94%**\nreported being satisfied with the way aid workers\nbehave while **6%** were not [5] .\n\nDespite these positive findings, gaps remain in\nensuring that refugees are aware of their rights and\nthe mechanisms available for reporting\ninappropriate behavior. While **57%** of respondents\nindicated that they knew where and how to report\nconcerns, **43%** were unaware of available reporting\nmechanisms, with significant disparities across\ncountries. For instance, in Estonia, **63%** of\nrespondents reported not knowing where to report\nconcerns. These figures highlight the urgent need\n\n\n\nfor targeted awareness-raising efforts to ensure that\nall individuals, particularly those in vulnerable\nsituations, can safely and confidently report SEArelated concerns.\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO KNOW HOW/WHERE TO REPORT**\n**INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR FROM AID WORKERS**\n\n\nThe barriers to reporting concerns were\nmultifaceted. Key issues included a lack of\nawareness about reporting channels, concerns\nabout privacy and confidentiality, and fear of\nretaliation. In some cases, individuals with limited\nliteracy or those in remote areas also faced\ndifficulties accessing reporting mechanisms.\nVulnerable populations, particularly those in rural\nareas or with disabilities, expressed difficulty in\nfinding information about how and where to report\nSEA-related concerns. This highlights the need to\nstep-up awareness-raising efforts.\n\nPreferred methods for reporting **inappropriate**\n**behavior** on sensitive issues varied among\nrespondents, with many favoring telephone calls\nand social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram,\nTik Tok) as accessible and trusted channels. These\nwere followed by face-to-face interactions, online\nforms and email. However, there are notable\nvariations by country. For example, Moldova\nstrongly favors telephone calls (45%), while Estonia\nstands out with a preference for email (30%). Latvia\nleans heavily towards social media (39%), and\nLithuania also shows high preference for social\nmedia (31%) over other channels. Approximately 1/3\nof households with disabilities emphasized a\n\n\n\n5. The sample size was too small to provide reliable data regarding the reasons for dissatisfaction with aid worker behavior among\nhouseholds with a person with a disability.\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 Socio-Economic Insights\nSurvey", - "confidence": 0.8005361557006836, - "start": 79, - "end": 83 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "perceptions of aid worker behavior", - "confidence": 0.8378826379776001, - "start": 94, - "end": 99 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9921290874481201, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9995278120040894, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UKRAINE", - "confidence": 0.8999236822128296, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9999277591705322, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6319111585617065, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.5144259929656982, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available for reporting\ninappropriate behavior", - "confidence": 0.8365224003791809, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Estonia", - "confidence": 0.7889898419380188, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.785024881362915, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nreliance on direct communication channels like\nphone calls, highlighting the importance of\nmaintaining multiple feedback options.\n\n\n**% OF HOUSEHOLDS PREFERRED CHANNELS FOR PROVIDING**\n**FEEDBACK TO AID ORGANISATIONS ABOUT INADEQUATE**\n**BEHAVIOUR OF AID WORKERS AND OTHER SENSITIVE ISSUES**\n\n\n\nTelephone calls\n\n\nSocial media\n\n\nFace-to-face interactions\n\n\nOnline form\n\n\nEmail\n\n\nComplaint / suggestion box\n\n\nMessaging apps\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n37%\n\n\n33%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n23%\n\n\n19%\n\n\n13%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n# **Methodology**\n\nThe regional analysis is grounded in consolidated\ndata from the Socio-Economic Insights Survey\n(SEIS), conducted across ten countries: Bulgaria,\nCzechia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania,\nSlovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Data for the\ncountry-specific SEISs were collected through\nin-person interviews from May to July 2024.\n\nThe total sample size comprises **8,720 households**\nand **19,803 household members**, with respondents\nproviding information on behalf of all individuals\nwithin their households.\n\n\n**COUNTRY** **SAMPLE SIZE 2023** **SAMPLE SIZE 2024**\n\n\nBulgaria 1,054 1,072\n\nCzechia 1,218 1,215\n\nEstonia - 600\n\nHungary 682 801\n\nLatvia - 600\n\nLithuania - 638\n\n\n\n**COUNTRY** **SAMPLE SIZE 2023** **SAMPLE SIZE 2024**\n\n\nMoldova 890 622\n\nPoland 5,645 1,290\n\nRomania 1,222 1,008\n\nSlovakia 819 874\n\n**Total** **11,530** **8,720**\n\n\nEach country adopted a unique sampling approach,\ndependent on factors such as the availability of\nsampling frames and information regarding\npopulation distribution by geographic area and\naccommodation type. A combination of different\nsampling methods was used, typically incorporating\nmultiple stages and blending convenience\nsampling, cluster random sampling, and simple\nrandom sampling (the latter being exclusive to\nRomania). It is important to highlight that Hungary\nand Moldova modified their sampling approach,\nwhich limits the comparability of its results across\nyears.\n\n\nFor the regional analysis, population weights were\napplied based on the most up-to-date refugee\npopulation figures for each country, ensuring the\nfindings accurately represented the broader\nregional refugee population. To maintain\ncomparability, the figures for 2023 presented in this\nreport were also re-estimated using survey weights.\n\n\nThis report utilises the criteria of the Washington\nGroup on Disability Statistics Short Set on\nFunctioning (WG-SS) [6] . The assessment included a\ncomprehensive set of questions covering mobility,\nvision, hearing, cognition, self-care, and\ncommunication. For the purpose of this report,\ndisability is defined as level 3 and above, indicating\nsignificant limitations in functioning (\u2018a lot of\ndifficulty\u2019 or \u2018cannot do at all\u2019). For indicators related\nto chronic illness and vaccination, respondents\nself-reported whether they or any household\nmembers had a chronic illness and whether children\nin the household had received measles vaccine.\n\n\nTo facilitate trend monitoring, the questionnaires\nwere standardized across all countries, ensuring\nconsistency in the majority of indicators between\n2023 and 2024. Since the 2023 regional survey did\nnot include data from Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia,\n\n\n\n6. [https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/](https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/)\n\n\n**22**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", - "confidence": 0.9935830235481262, - "start": 112, - "end": 115 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8486628532409668, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SEIS", - "confidence": 0.9965627789497375, - "start": 116, - "end": 117 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9765001535415649, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HOUSEHOLDS", - "confidence": 0.971580982208252, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "in-person interviews", - "confidence": 0.8156924247741699, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5661211013793945, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8375977873802185, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sampling frames", - "confidence": 0.8030340671539307, - "start": 317, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COUNTRY", - "confidence": 0.5253919959068298, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee\npopulation figures", - "confidence": 0.9148457050323486, - "start": 404, - "end": 407 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5158542394638062, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9395966529846191, - "start": 429, - "end": 430 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.7485457062721252, - "start": 404, - "end": 406 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Short Set on\nFunctioning", - "confidence": 0.8138198852539062, - "start": 453, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.6337222456932068, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "WG-SS", - "confidence": 0.9569640159606934, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Washington\nGroup on Disability Statistics", - "confidence": 0.7685924768447876, - "start": 448, - "end": 453 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7043639421463013, - "start": 429, - "end": 430 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "STAYING SAFE: INTER-AGENCY INSIGHTS ON PROTECTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE\n\n\n\nvalues for these countries were excluded from the\n2023\u20132024 comparison. To maintain accuracy, only\nvalid responses were included in the calculations,\nwith responses such as \u2018prefer not to answer\u2019 or \u2018do\nnot know\u2019 excluded. To facilitate interpretation,\ncertain response options were consolidated into\nbroader categorical variables.\n\n\nTo protect data privacy and maintain confidentiality,\ninformed consent was obtained and documented\nfrom all participants, with clear explanations\nprovided regarding the purpose and use of the\ndata. The complete questionnaires, along with the\nconsolidated anonymized dataset, are available in\nthe [UNHCR Microdata Library.](https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/NAS/?page=1&ps=15&repo=NAS)\n\n#### **Limitations**\n\nThis analysis has several limitations that should be\nconsidered when interpreting the findings. First, due\nto sampling constraints (lack of complete sampling\nframe) and the non-probabilistic selection of\nrespondents, the results may not fully represent the\nentire Ukrainian refugee population. Additionally,\nthe choice of sampling locations may have\nintroduced a bias toward more vulnerable segments\nof the population. Variations in sampling\napproaches and data collection periods across\ncountries can also affect comparability.\n\n\nThe findings on disability, chronic illness, and\nvaccination are based on self-reports and were not\nverified against medical records, which may impact\ntheir accuracy.\n\n\nA high non-response rate was observed for\nsensitive questions related to mental health,\npsychosocial well-being, protection, income and\nexpenditure which could affect the completeness of\nthe data. Additionally, the survey results for certain\nindicators, such as infant and young child feeding\nand SRH barriers, should be interpreted with\ncaution due to the small sample size or low\nresponse rates. As a result, some indicators could\nnot be further analyzed to assess how factors such\nas gender, age, disability, or place of residence\nimpact access to health and MHPSS services.\n\n\nIt is also important to note that there were slight\ndifferences in the questionnaire across countries\nand years, such as adjustments to answer options.\n\n\n\nTherefore, the regional trend analysis was limited to\nquestions that were consistently used across all\nparticipating countries and years to ensure\ncomparability. Furthermore, certain indicators were\nexcluded from the regional analysis due to\ninsufficient sample size or the unavailability of data\nacross all countries.\n\n\nThe survey methodology relied on a single\nhousehold member (the respondent) answering\nhealth and MHPSS questions on behalf of all\nhousehold members, which may have limited the\nability to fully capture the unique needs and\nexperiences of each individual. Furthermore, the\nquestionnaire itself was constrained to a limited\nrange of questions, which may have restricted the\ndepth of data collected on complex and\nmultifaceted topics, such as mental health and\npsychosocial well-being. Additionally, sensitive\ntopics such as mental health and sexual and\nreproductive health may have been underreported,\ndepending on the respondent\u2019s comfort level and\nthe presence of others during the interview.\n\n#### **GBV limitations**\n\nAlthough this survey offers valuable insights into\nperceived safety and security concerns, due to\nmethodological limitations the findings should be\ninterpreted as indicative of broader trends and\npotential risk factors, nor as a measure of GBV\nprevalence. The survey reflects perception of risks\nrather than documented GBV incidents, and\nresponders may underreport certain sensitive\nissues, such as fears of sexual violence or intimate\npartner violence, is possible, due to stigma, fear of\nrepercussions, and as a protection mechanism. To\neffectively meet the needs of affected populations,\nit is recommended to combine multiple data\nsources and explore diverse methodologies. By\nutilizing available data sources from other\nassessments, conducting dedicated GBV\nassessments and audits at national level, and\nconsidering potential underreporting, it is possible\nto gain a more comprehensive understanding of\nGBV risks and experiences and to adequately tailor\nprogrammatic interventions.\n\n\n**23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consolidated anonymized dataset", - "confidence": 0.6764009594917297, - "start": 109, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugee population", - "confidence": 0.7318834066390991, - "start": 176, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-reports", - "confidence": 0.5731695294380188, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugee population", - "confidence": 0.9505884051322937, - "start": 176, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.875629186630249, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6201417446136475, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household members", - "confidence": 0.7132800221443176, - "start": 441, - "end": 443 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9787501096725464, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5314011573791504, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.6709020733833313, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9545931816101074, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7825450301170349, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.6754542589187622, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data sources", - "confidence": 0.6028324365615845, - "start": 656, - "end": 659 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.9541876316070557, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **STAYING SAFE:** **INTER-AGENCY** **INSIGHTS ON** **PROTECTION AND** **ACCOUNTABILITY FOR** **REFUGEES FROM** **UKRAINE**\n\n### May 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dc75cfe1-4a74-589b-b2bb-a84bfb4271db/SEIS_2024_Protection_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_625/raw/doc_625_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_625/raw/doc_625_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d9ad208a4a2f43c3107db204a036895fec4b5c53..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_625/raw/doc_625_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# SGBV SUB WORKING GROUP GAP ANALYSIS 2017/2018\n\nOVERVIEW\n\n\nA total of 42 persons representing 20 organizations (5 UN Agencies, 7 local NGOs, 1 government\n\n\nentity, 7 INGOs) participated in a SGBV gap analysis workshop held in August 2017. Participants\n\n\nincluded both field staff as well as staff with national responsibilities.\n\n\nThey were divided in groups covering the following locations:\n\n\n - Amman/Balqa/Zarqa/South\n\n\n - Irbid\n\n\n - Mafraq\n\n\n - Zaatari camp\n\n\n - Azraq camp\n\n\nEach group reviewed a list of minimum standards in the following fields:\n\n - SGBV case management and psycho-social support\n\n - SGBV prevention activities\n\n - Health services for SGBV survivors\n\n - Shelter/ Cash/ Livelihoods for SGBV survivors\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Legal, justice and law enforcement\n\n\nFor each standard, the group determined whether it was met or not and for those unmet standards,\nthe groups identified if it was due to a barrier faced by survivors in accessing this specific type of\nservice or to a gap in service provision. In addition, each group looked at how barriers or gaps\ncould differently affect certain groups (male/female, children/adults, persons with disabilities and\nmarginalized groups).\n\n\nMembers of the SGBV sub working group were given an opportunity to comment on the draft\nreport and further highlight gaps. A meeting was held in January 2018 to issue recommendations\nbased on finalized version of gaps analysis. Recommendations were endorsed by the SGBV\nSWG in February 2018. This gap analysis will be complemented by safety audits which will be\nconducted during the first half of 2018; this will enrich the analysis with the views of refugees and\naffected communities.\n\n\nFINDINGS\n\n\nGAPS/BARRIERS: SGBV PREVENTION ACTIVITIES\n\n\nThe following gaps/barriers have been highlighted:\n\n\n - Refugees communities are not always consulted on design of programs in particular\n\n\nmarginalized and vulnerable groups (all locations)\n\n\n - Awareness activities are not targeting certain groups (in particular men, persons with\n\n\ndisabilities, older person at risk or LGBTI refugees) and materials are not tailored to the\n\n\nneeds of these groups (100% of locations)\n\n\n - Community based protection approach is often not integrated into SGBV programming,\n\n\nmore should be done to involve refugees in the implementation of prevention activities for\n\n\nSGBV (100% of locations)\n\n\n - Outreach to inform about services available for SGBV survivors needs strengthening in\n\n\nparticular for marginalized groups or for refugees living in remote villages. Men should\n\n\nalso be more included in outreach efforts (80% of locations)\n\n\n - Limited opportunities for women empowerment activities. Activities should be geared in\n\n\nparticular at building life skills and economic empowerment. In addition, women face\n\n\nbarriers in accessing these activities due to lack of available day care for their children.\n\n\nActivities to be tailored to the needs of vulnerable women such as adolescent girls, widows,\n\n\nand female head of households (80%)\n\n\n - Safe spaces for women and girls are not always accessible for persons with disabilities\n\n\n(80%)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Community and staff lack awareness about reporting mechanisms for Protection from\n\n\nsexual abuse and sexual exploitation committed by humanitarian workers (60%)\n\n\nGAPS/BARRIERS: SGBV CASE MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT\n\n\nThe following gaps/barriers have been highlighted:\n\n\n - Case management services for survivors are available in most areas (gaps identified in\n\n\nparticular in South of Jordan, Emirati-Jordanian camp, and village 2 in Azraq camp) but\n\n\nfew case management services available for male survivors/LGBTI refugees (40% of\n\n\nlocation reported gaps/barriers).\n\n\n - 60% of locations have also reported that the lack of coverage of transportation fees by\n\n\ncase management organizations constitutes a barrier for survivors to access services.\n\n\n - Lack of adequate counselling rooms ensuring confidentiality (60% of locations). One\n\n\nlocation has also reported the lack of child-friendly counselling rooms for child survivors\n\n\nof SGBV.\n\n\n - Counselling rooms are not accessible for persons with reduced mobility (80%)\n\n\n - No program currently in place to identify safety options within community for survivors at\n\n\nlow risks (100%)\n\n\n - Case management organizations do not always have in house resources to meet urgent\n\n\nbasic needs of survivors such as urgent cash, cloths and food (60%)\n\n\n - Safe accommodation is not available for survivors (80%) in particular for: LGBTI refugees,\n\n\nmale survivors or women with male children above 7 years old, survivors who are scared\n\n\nto report to FPD, adult female survivors subjected to types of SGBV other than family\n\n\nviolence (MOSD shelters are currently available only for survivors of family violence).\n\n\n - Staff not trained on working with LGBTI refugees or persons with disabilities (60%)\n\n\n - Gap in terms of empowerment and community run empowerment activities for survivors\n\n\n(60%)\n\n\n - SGBV case management staff would need more training to explain confidentiality and its\n\n\nlimits to survivors (40%)\n\n\nGAPS/BARRIERS: HEALTH\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following gaps/barriers have been highlighted:\n\n\n - Clinical management of rape (CMR) services available only in Zaatari and Amman\n\n\ncurrently (gap reported by 80% of location). In cases where FPD is involved, survivors\n\n\nmight receive multiple examinations which is not recommended by WHO (examinations\n\n\nby forensic and then by CMR doctor)\n\n\n - Mandatory reporting requirements hamper access to health services for survivors (100%)\n\n\n - Survivors were not always able to access free medical assistance (60%): Survivors have\n\n\nbeen asked to cover some of the costs (for example for STIs testing or in public hospitals\n\n\nwhen not referred by FPD). Some survivors are unable to access services if address on\n\n\nMOI card is different than location of service (except for IRC/NHF) in urban location.\n\n\n - Health workers unable to adequately explain confidentiality/seek consent from survivors\n\n\nespecially in government health services (80% of location) and health workers unaware\n\n\nabout referral procedures for SGBV survivors in urban (80% of locations)\n\n\n - Translation is not available for non-Syrians refugees (Somali, Eritreans), reported by one\n\n\nlocation with higher population of non-Syrian refugees.\n\n\n - Health staff do not apply a survivor centered approach: lack of respect for wishes of\n\n\nsurvivor in particular linked to mandatory reporting requirements, judgmental attitude and\n\n\nblaming survivors (60% of location).\n\n\n - Community unaware about health services available for SGBV survivors in urban locations.\n\n\n - Barrier to access health services for LGBTI refugees due to lack of LGBTI friendly health\n\n\nstaff (40%).\n\n\nGAPS/BARRIERS: SHELTER. CASH AND LIVELIHOOD\n\n\nThe following gaps/barriers have been highlighted:\n\n\n - Cash for shelter have been reported as being a gap in all urban locations\n\n\n - Monthly cash assistance has been reported as a gap in all urban locations\n\n\n - Survivors face barriers in access livelihood activities (100%), even when services are\n\n\navailable they are often not accessible for survivors (lack of day care, distance), Non\n\n\nSyrian refugees in particular are unable to obtain work permits.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cash for shelter", - "confidence": 0.5624622702598572, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban locations", - "confidence": 0.6192182898521423, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GAPS/BARRIERS: LEGAL, ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT\n\n\nThe following gaps/barriers have been highlighted:\n\n\n - Lack of legal representation services for survivors (80%)\n\n\n - Court procedures are not accessible/sensitive to needs of survivors (80%): in particular\n\n\nthe best interest of the child is often not followed by judges in cases of child marriage,\n\n\nsurvivor-friendly interview techniques are not always used by Judges.\n\n\n - Lack of survivor centred attitude among law enforcement (80%): more efforts should be\n\n\nput in place to ensure law enforcement officials show higher degree of respect for survivors\n\n\n(non-blaming and respectful attitude) and ensure confidentiality at all times. In addition,\n\n\nFPD often prefers to ask the perpetrator to sign a pledge instead of following up with legal\n\n\nproceedings against perpetrator. Overall, FPD is more sensitive in its approach to\n\n\nsurvivors than SRAD.\n\n\n - SGBV survivors are at risk of arrest (80% location): survivors risk being placed in\n\n\nadministrative detention by governors (and then possibly deported) if they are perceived\n\n\nas not complying with social roles ascribed to women (for example when family members\n\n\naccuse women of having relationships out of wedlock). Women at risk of honor killing are\n\n\nat times placed in detention by the authorities although they have not committed any\n\n\ncrimes.\n\n\n - Limited capacity of community police in the camps when dealing with SGBV survivors\n\n\n(lack of survivor centred attitude); high turnover of staff complicates capacity building\n\n\nefforts.\n\n\nGENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO ADDRESS GAPS/BARRIERS\n\n\nMore than 7 years into the Syrian crisis, numerous gaps and barriers remain and are hindering\nthe SGBV response. This has a dramatic impact on the well-being of SGBV survivors and persons\nat risk of SGBV \u2013 women and girls being disproportionally affected by SGBV. The SGBV SWG\nwould like to highlight the life-saving nature of SGBV interventions and calls on:\n\n\n - **Donors** to invest in SGBV programs to address gaps/barriers presented above. SGBV\nprogramming remains life-saving. More than 7 years into Syria crisis, SGBV case\nmanagement services are available with a good geographical coverage but an investment\nin quality is still needed - building capacity is essential to ensure survivors access\ncompassionate, professional care. Moreover services are not accessible to all groups\nleaving out most vulnerable like women and girls with disabilities and LGBTI population.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Strengthening the response in other services- in particular health, legal and access to\nlivelihood- will ensure a multi-sectoral response addressing survivor needs holistically.\nMore detailed recommendations are listed in the table below.\n\n - **Jordanian government and in particular MOPIC** : to consider approving in priority new\nSGBV programs which address the gaps/barriers identified above, and to ensure that\nSGBV prevention and response programs are given due consideration. Jordanian\ngovernment to adopt new SGBV SOPs in line with international standards. Moreover the\nSGBV WG calls for a revision of mandatory reporting clauses, as this is a barrier for\nsurvivors accessing care.\n\n\n\n|Type of activities|Recommendation|To whom|Timeline|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**SGBV prevention**|Consult refugees and host communities
(through AGD approach) prior to establishing
any program and throughout program cycle|All SGBV
actors|Immediately|\n|**SGBV prevention**|More outreach to inform about services
available in particular in remote locations
targeting most vulnerable women and girls
including persons with disabilities|All SGBV
actors/ donors|By mid-2018|\n|**SGBV prevention**|Awareness activities to be more inclusive: need
to target men and boys too as well as
marginalized groups. Awareness activities to
be led by refugee themselves or influential
members of the community (such as religious
leaders). Awareness activities to be more
diversified using various methods to get the
message across such as visual art, theatre,
radio, TV.|All SGBV
actors|By mid-2018|\n|**SGBV prevention**|SGBV programs to include refugees volunteers
in prevention activities (awareness, outreach)|All SGBV
actors|By mid-2018|\n|**SGBV prevention**|Expand women empowerment activities in
particular
life
skills
and
economic
empowerment activities taking into account
specific needs of women (day care for children,
safe transportation). Ensure these activities are
run
by
refugees
themselves
whenever
possible. Expand targeted empowerment
activities for adolescent girls to provide
concrete
alternatives
to
child
marriage
(literacy classes, traineeships, peer led support
groups etc.). Organize day care to ensure
women participation|SGBV and
livelihood
actors|By end of 2018|\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Ensure accessibility to safe spaces for persons
with disabilities|SGBV actors|Immediately|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|SGBV case management is life saving and
continuous donor support should be ensured
with a focus on improving quality of services
(capacity building, mentorship, supervision).|Donors|continuous|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Ensure access to services by increasing
budgets to cover fees for transportation.|Donors and
SGBV Case
management
organizations|By first quarter
of 2018|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|SGBV case management gaps in terms of
coverage to be addressed (gap in particular in
the South) as well as ensure availability of
quality services for LGBTI persons and men
survivors.|SGBV case
management
organizations
and donors|Immediately|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Ensure
accessibility
for
persons
with
disabilities to counselling rooms and improve
confidentiality of counselling rooms, ensure
availability of child-friendly counselling rooms.|SGBV case
management
organizations|Immediately|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Capacity building for case management staff
on explaining confidentiality and its limits to
survivors, as well as on working with LGBTI
refugees and persons with disabilities.|SGBV case
management
organizations/
SGBV
coordinators|By first quarter
of 2018|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Case management organization to include
urgent
cash
assistance
within
their
programming to respond to urgent needs of
survivors.|SGBV case
management
organizations
and donors|By mid 2o18|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Establish alternatives to institutionalization for
SGBV survivors who are not at imminent risk
by
providing
urgent/regular
cash
and
assistance in identifying accommodation. This
include women survivors of sexual violence,
female survivors with male children above 5
years old LGBTI refugees or adult male
survivors for whom no other shelters are
available|SGBV case
management
organizations
and donors|By mid-2o18|\n|**SGBV case**
**management and**
**psycho-social**
**support**












|Non-Syrian refugees to be included in all SGBV
case management programs. Translation
needs to be considered|SGBV case
management
organizations
and donors|By mid-2o18|\n|**Health**|Establish complete and free of charge clinical
management of rape services in urban|RH actors|By mid-2018|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|locations outside of Amman (training to be
followed by period of on the job coaching).
Strengthen coordination between SGBV SWG
and RH WG to ensure mapping of CMR services
is disseminated to SGBV actors
When survivors want to file a complaint,
advocate with FPD for a joint examination by
forensic and CMR doctor (to avoid multiple
exams).|RH coordinator
SGBV and RH
coordinators|By first quarter
of 2018
By first quarter
of 2018|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Conduct briefing sessions for health staff in
urban location on safe referrals to SGBV case
management organizations|SGBV
coordinators/S
GBV case
management
organizations
|By mid-2018
|\n||Conduct training on working with LGBTI
refugees and survivor centred approach.|UNHCR
(training on
working with
LGBTI
refugees)|By mid-2018
|\n||Improving outreach materials about health
services available for SGBV survivors in urban
locations taking into consideration different
approaches and methods depending on area\u2019s
cultural restrictions|Health
coordinators|By mid-2018
|\n||Translation to be available in health centres for
non-Syrian refugees in areas with higher
concentration
of
non-Arabic
speaking
communities. Health service providers to
ensure translation of leaflets in
other
languages than Arabic.|Health
coordinators|By mid-2018
|\n|**Shelter/cash/liveli**
**hood**



|Strengthen coordination between SGBV SWG
and basic needs WG to ensure mapping of cash
for shelter interventions is disseminated to
SGBV actors|Basic needs
coordinator/
SGBV
coordinators|By first quarter
of 2018
|\n|**Shelter/cash/liveli**
**hood**



|SGBV case management organizations to
integrate cash for protection (both urgent and
regular cash) into existing programs|SGBV case
management
organizations
and donors|By mid-2018
|\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Strengthen coordination between SGBV SWG
and livelihood WG to ensure mapping of
livelihood interventions is disseminated to
SGBV actors|Livelihood
coordinator|By first quarter
of 2018|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Strengthen gender approach within livelihood
programming aiming at addressing barriers
faced by women in accessing services (day
care, safe transportation to avoid sexual
harassment in public transport or self defense
classes, session on rights of employees to avoid
abuse by employers, etc). Ensure livelihood
activities do not only focus on home based
businesses for women which might be re-
enforcing gender roles but also provide
support for women to work outside of home.|Livelihood
actors|By mid-2018
|\n|**Legal, access to**
**justice and law**
**enforcement**|Capacity development for judges and staff of
reconciliation offices involved in GBV cases
(best interest procedure for child marriage,
survivor friendly interview techniques).|SGBV
actors/donors
GoJ|By mid-2018
|\n|**Legal, access to**
**justice and law**
**enforcement**|Advocate with FPD for the respect of survivors\u2019
wishes in terms of legal proceedings (ensure
access to justice in opposition to simply asking
perpetrators to sign pledges), capacity building
for Family Protection Department, Syrian
Refugee Affairs Directorate and police on
survivor centred approach.|SGBV
actors/SGBV
coordinators
GoJ|By mid-2018|\n|**Legal, access to**
**justice and law**
**enforcement**|Provide capacity building for community police
in the camps on SGBV services and the
survivor-centred approach. Regular coaching
to staff are needed due to high turn-over.|SGBV actors/
SGBV
coordinators
donor|End of 2018|\n\n\n\nFor more information, contact SGBV SWG Co-Chairs:\n\n\n[Emilie Page: page@unhcr.org](mailto:page@unhcr.org)\n\n\n[Pamela Di Camillo: dicamillo@unfpa.org](mailto:dicamillo@unfpa.org)\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ada3fe8b-2095-317b-b2d4-d546d6867629/SGBVGapAnalysis20172018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_626/raw/doc_626_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_626/raw/doc_626_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d0c550d5af17e691cd33247c917a9989324b495..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_626/raw/doc_626_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE IN REFUGEE SITUATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Foreword\n\n# FOREWORD\n\n\nThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is facing humanitarian crises and forced\ndisplacement on an unprecedented scale. Syrians are now the single largest refugee population\nin the world, with a total of over 4 million Syrian refugees registered in the region. Forced\ndisplacement and insecurity are also on the rise in Iraq.\n\n\nThese conflicts and the resulting displacement disproportionately burden women and children,\nwho now comprise 78 per cent of Syrian refugees. Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is\nbecoming increasingly widespread in these conflict-affected countries, and is often one of the\ncauses of flight.\n\n\nEven as refugees escape from the immediate dangers of armed conflict, the risk of SGBV\nremains. Refugees\u2014and women and girls in particular\u2014face increasing risks of violence, abuse\nand exploitation as their displacement becomes more protracted. Among other reasons, this is\ndue to prolonged family separation, break down of community structures existing prior to the\nconflict, loss of financial and social assets, or overcrowded housing lacking privacy.\n\n\nDuring violent conflict, regular social structures are disrupted, and many women are forced\nto flee to new and unfamiliar places. Women who now head their households alone in exile\nface a particularly difficult challenge. A Syrian refugee woman describes the situation of female\nheads of households this way in United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 2014\nreport Women Alone: \u201cWhen left alone, you have to push boundaries and make things happen.\nWhen you are weak, you are done. You have to be strong to defend yourself, your kids, and the\nhousehold.\u201d\n\n\nRefugee men and boys are also at risk of SGBV, and persons with disabilities remain highly\nvulnerable and in need of specialized services. In addition, refugees who flee their countries after\nsurviving SGBV incidents continue to require protection and services in the country of asylum,\ngiven the long-term consequences and risk of repeated violence.\n\n\nAs a serious human rights problem further intensified by conflict and its ensuing displacement,\nSGBV requires all sectors to work in concert to strengthen prevention and response programmes.\nUNHCR therefore seeks to engage closely with governments, civil society, other United Nations\n(UN) agencies and refugee communities themselves in a comprehensive approach that allows\nall refugee women, girls, men and boys to fully enjoy their rights to safety, dignity, and nondiscrimination.\n\n\n**Amin Awad**\n\nDirector,\n\nUNHCR Bureau for the Middle East & North Africa\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Executive Summary\n\n# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nSGBV is a growing concern for thousands of women, girls, men and boys affected by the Syria\nand Iraq crises. Women and girls as well as men and boys face increased risks and multiple forms\nof violence as a result of the conflict and displacement, including forced and early marriage,\nsexual violence, including sexual abuse and exploitation and domestic violence. The situation of\nrefugees in both camp and non-camp settings and the growing phenomena of mixed migration\nsituations throughout the Middle East and North Africa require the adoption of different assistance\nstrategies and methods on the part of the humanitarian community. [1 ] Thus, SGBV continues to\nbe a key concern for people affected by the crisis in the MENA region and the prevention and\nresponse to SGBV a key area of engagement for UNHCR.\n\n\nIn support for multi-sectorial and coordinated SGBV prevention and response, this report outlines\nstrategies, in line with international standards, that UNHCR uses in coordination with national\nauthorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other partners across the region, to\nbring tangible results in preventing and responding to SGBV in refugee situations, as well as\nin the inter-agency response in situations of internal displacement. [2] Despite the variations in\ncontext seen throughout the region, many of the good practices highlighted in this report can be\nreplicated and scaled up to achieve a greater, longer-term prevention of and response to sexual\nand gender-based violence. The collective action of countries, together with international and\nnational actors and communities, in SGBV prevention and response is a vital investment in the\nfuture of the MENA as a region free from violence.\n\n\nUNHCR Programming to Address Sexual and Gender-Based Violence :\n\nUNHCR\u2019s global SGBV strategy, entitled Action Against SGBV, focuses on improving the quality,\neffectiveness and coherence of SGBV programming, while tackling the root causes of SGBV by\nempowering women and girls, working constructively with men and boys, and promoting nondiscrimination. UNHCR supports multi-sectorial SGBV prevention and response programming\nin four key areas of intervention (health, psycho-social services, protection, and legal aid) at\nstructural, systemic and operative levels, adhering to the established guiding principles in UNHCR\nRegional Strategic Approach to SGBV Prevention and Response.\n\n\nA Rights Based Approach to Preventing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence :\n\nRecognizing that the needs and capacities of refugees may differ considerably on the basis of\nage, gender, disability and other factors, UNHCR supports regular participatory assessments to\nunderstand the needs and concerns of women, men, girls and boys and tailor SGBV programmes,\naccordingly, in keeping with an age, gender and diversity (AGD) approach. [3] The AGD approach\nemphasizes the importance of analysing the diversity of the refugee population to better\nunderstand the multifaceted protection risks and capacities of individuals and communities, and\nto address and support these more effectively to promote the full enjoyment of human rights,\nincluding rights to be protected against SGBV.\n\n\n_**1. Annual Consultation with NGOs, UNHCR, 2014**_\n_**2. However, this overview focuses on the refugee response and does not provide figures in relation to IDP situations in**_\n_**the MENA region, where such reporting is done jointly with partners.**_\n\n_**[3. http://www.unhcr.org/4e7757449.html](http://www.unhcr.org/4e7757449.html)**_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Executive Summary\n\n\nInvesting in National Systems and Capacity :\n\nIn order to achieve sustainable SGBV prevention and response UNHCR provides governments\nwith technical advice and financial support to address protection gaps in national legal\nframework related to SGBV in line with the international standards. This includes mapping the\nlegal frameworks and services in place to address SGBV, in countries across the MENA region,\nto identify the gaps and to design and implement strategies to address these gaps.\n\n\nPrevention of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence :\n\nUNHCR\u2019s prevention efforts aim at identifying and addressing the root causes and contributing\nfactors of SGBV, and designing strategies to improve protection for all refugee community\nmembers. UNHCR aims to make positive changes in gender relations and power dynamics within\nthe community towards the prevention of SGBV through strengthening the community-based\nprotection approach, raising awareness on SGBV, empowering women and girls, and engaging\nmen and boys in SGBV prevention and response.\n\n\nAddressing Specific Areas of Concern for SGBV Prevention and Response :\n\nUNHCR has put a range of services in place in both camp and urban settings to prevent and\nrespond to SGBV by targeting the certain refugee populations who are still often overlooked in\nSGBV programming, including children, refugees with disabilities, older people, and lesbian,\ngay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons of concern. UNHCR works with NGOs,\ngovernment actors and service providers to tailor programmes to also target specific areas of\nconcern for SGBV prevention and response that may not receive sufficient attention from SGBV\nprogrammes, including early marriage, survival sex, and protection from sexual exploitation and\nabuse.\n\n\nSpecialized Services for SGBV Survivors :\n\nIn 2014, some 84,566 refugees, who survived or were at risk of SGBV received specialized\nsupport through interagency efforts in the countries involved in the Syrian refugee response.\nUNHCR works with government and non-government partners to establish safe and confidential\nreporting, SGBV referral and follow up mechanisms, and to raise community awareness of these\nmechanisms and available services. In line with its guiding principles as outlined in the Regional\nStrategic Approach to SGBV Prevention and Response, UNHCR focuses on ensuring SGBV\nsurvivors have access to culturally appropriate services including psycho-social support, health,\nprotection and legal aid that are accessible, free or affordable.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Executive Summary\n\n\nStrengthening Advocacy and Partnership :\n\nUNHCR seeks sustainable partnerships with key government actors as primary partners in SGBV\nprevention and response throughout the MENA region. UNHCR also collaborates and coordinates\nwith other key stakeholders including sister UN agencies, NGOs as well as communities and\nrefugees themselves to maximise the effectiveness and efficiency of SGBV prevention and\nresponse through complementary interventions, standards and tools, joint programming, and\ncommon advocacy interventions\n\n\nImproving Data Collection and Analysis :\n\nData collection and analysis are the backbone of results-based SGBV programming. It is critical to\nthe effectiveness of targeted service delivery, advocacy, policy development, and accountability\nand monitoring. UNHCR has supported the rollout of the Gender-Based Violence Information\nManagement System (GBVIMS) to ensure the safe, ethical, and confidential collection,\nmanagement and sharing of SGBV data in various operations.\n\n\nAdvancing Global Initiatives :\n\nUNHCR is committed to advancing the global initiatives \u201cSafe from Start\u201d and \u201cCall to Action\u201d to\nreinforce SGBV prevention and response programming in its operations across the world. \u201cSafe\nfrom the Start\u201d is an initiative supported by the United States of America (US) Department of\nState to ensure quality services are available for SGBV survivors at the onset of an emergency\nthrough timely and effective humanitarian action. The \u201cCall to Action on Protecting Girls and\nWomen in Emergencies (Call to Action)\u201d initiative was launched by the United Kingdom\u2019s\nDepartment for International Development (DFID) to mobilize donors, UN agencies, NGOs, and\nother stakeholders in better protecting women and girls in humanitarian emergencies.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information\nManagement System", - "confidence": 0.9744303822517395, - "start": 122, - "end": 127 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9947972893714905, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8474673628807068, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Conclusion\n\n# CONCLUSION\n\n\nUNHCR, together with government, UN and civil society partners continues to put the protection\nof refugee women, girls, men and boys from SGBV, at the forefront of the response to refugee\ncrises. UNHCR is committed to working in partnership with government and other actors to\nstrengthen national, comprehensive and multi-sectorial SGBV prevention and response systems\nthat serve all survivors of SGBV, including refugee survivors in the MENA region.\n\n\nWomen, girls, men and boys, families and other community members have a crucial role to\nplay in prevention of and response to sexual and gender-based violence, through reinforced\ncommunity-based SGBV prevention and response mechanisms and in challenging harmful\nnorms and practices that condone SGBV, abuse and the exploitation of persons of concern.\nInvolving community members in all stages of the project cycle of SGBV prevention and response\ninterventions addressing the specific SGBV risks they face, regardless their gender, race, class,\nsexuality, disability is, therefore, one of the key strategies in UNHCR\u2019s SGBV prevention and\nresponse programming.\n\n\nUNHCR will also continue to emphasize the availability and accessibility of appropriate specialized\nservices for all persons of concern facing sexual and gender-based violence risks. This includes\nensuring that case management and multi-sectorial specialized services by vital sectors such as\nhealth, psycho-social, protection and legal are available and accessible, and that staff working\nwith SGBV survivors and service providers are well trained and equipped with skills and tools to\nundertake this sensitive and crucial work.\n\n\nAlthough significant progress has been made, there are still challenges and much work is needed\nto protect persons of concern against SGBV. The actions outlined below are recommended to\nfurther strengthen the protection of refugee women, girls, men and boys against sexual and\ngender-based violence in the MENA region:\n\n\nStrengthen community-based prevention of and response to SGBV through the active\nparticipation of women, girls, men and boys in identification of SGBV-related needs, design,\nimplementation and monitoring and evaluation of programmes in line with UNHCR\u2019s AGD\napproach.\n\n\nCreate awareness amongst the population of concern and impacted communities on causes,\ncontributing factors and consequences of SGBV, human rights and existing national and\ninternational legal frameworks related to gender equality and SGBV.\n\n\nAdvocate for national legislation that prevents and responds to SGBV in accordance to\ninternational standards\n\n\nSupport the regular update of inter-agency SOPs, SGBV referral pathways, action plans and\nstrategies developed to reflect up-to-date priorities for SGBV prevention and response.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Conclusion\n\n\nEnsure mainstreaming of gender equality and SGBV considerations into other sectors such\nas Livelihoods, NFI, Food Security and Shelter and Site Planning in order to support resilience\nand positive coping mechanisms and mitigate factors for survival sex, and so as to support\nbroader prevention and reduction of SGBV.\n\n\nRoll out the GBVIMS in the operations, where it has not yet been operationalized.\n\n\nStrengthen the capacity of SGBV actors and service providers in prevention of and response\nto SGBV, including SOPs, caring for survivors, and guiding principles for SGBV programming.\n\n\nEnsure availability of quality and accessible services for women, girls, men and boys who\nexperience SGBV in line with guiding principles for caring for survivors.\n\n\nStrengthen partnership and coordinated multi-sectorial and interagency prevention and\nresponse to SGBV through SGBV sub-working groups, task forces and networks.\n\n\nAdvocate for the allocation of predictable and sustainable funding to support implementation\nof UNHCR SGBV strategies and initiatives that will have longer-term impact on refugees.\n\n\nSupport and advocate with the governments to invest in and integrate SGBV prevention and\nresponse in their national plans to ensure sustainability.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dea09199-b153-30a4-89f8-6dd21206380e/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_627/raw/doc_627_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_627/raw/doc_627_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b6c6cee6040dd06bf10c48fbde091efd07d9c9b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_627/raw/doc_627_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## ORTA DO\u011eU VE KUZEY AFR\u0130KA [\u2019] DA M\u00dcLTEC\u0130 DURUMLARINDA C\u0130NS\u0130YET VE TOPLUMSAL C\u0130NS\u0130YETE DAYALI \u015e\u0130DDET\u0130N \u00d6NLENMES\u0130 VE BUNA M\u00dcDAHALE ED\u0130LMES\u0130\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00d6ns\u00f6z\n\n# \u00d6NS\u00d6Z\n\n\nOrta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) b\u00f6lgesi, daha \u00f6nce e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir boyutta insani\nkriz ve zorunlu yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn, b\u00f6lgede kay\u0131tl\u0131 toplam 4 milyonun\n\u00fczerindeki Suriyeli m\u00fclteciyle birlikte, Suriyeliler d\u00fcnyadaki tek en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclteci pop\u00fclasyonu\nhaline gelmi\u015ftir. Zorla yerinden edilme ve g\u00fcvensizlik Irak\u2019ta da artmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nBu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yerinden edilme, Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin %78\u2019ini olu\u015fturan\nkad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerinde orant\u0131s\u0131z bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddet (SGBV), bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan etkilenen \u00fclkelerde gittik\u00e7e daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta ve\ngenelde de ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f sebeplerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nM\u00fclteciler silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011frudan tehlikelerinden ka\u00e7sa da, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddet riski devam etmektedir. M\u00fclteciler, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, yerinden\nedilme s\u00fcreleri uzad\u0131k\u00e7a artan \u015fiddet, istismar ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer\nsebepler aras\u0131nda, bu durum uzun s\u00fcreli aileden ayr\u0131 kalma, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce var olan topluluk\nyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, mali ve sosyal varl\u0131klar\u0131n kayb\u0131 ya da mahremiyetten yoksun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kalabal\u0131k\nevlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\n\u015eiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, d\u00fczenli sosyal yap\u0131lar bozulmakta ve bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n yeni ve bilmedikleri\nyerlere ka\u00e7maya zorlanmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde tek ba\u015flar\u0131na evlerinden sorumlu olan kad\u0131nlar \u00f6zellikle\nzor bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Suriyeli m\u00fclteci bir kad\u0131n, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler\nY\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi (BMMYK) 2014 Yaln\u0131z Kad\u0131nlar raporunda evlerinden bu \u015fekilde sorumlu olan\nkad\u0131nlar\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r: \u201cYaln\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlamak ve i\u015fleri\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011funuzda, bitersiniz. Kendinizi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve evinizi\nsavunmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d\n\n\nM\u00fclteci erkekler ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet riski alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.\nEngellilerolduk\u00e7a hassas durumdad\u0131r ve \u00f6zel hizmetlere ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, cinsel ve\ntoplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131ndan kurtulduktan sonra \u00fclkelerinden ka\u00e7an m\u00fclteciler,\nuzun vadeli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve tekrar eden \u015fiddet riski g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, iltica \u00fclkesinde\nkoruma ve hizmet almaya ihtiya\u00e7 duymaya devam etmektedir.\n\n\n\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve takip eden yerinden edilme ile daha da \u015fiddetlenen ciddi bir insan haklar\u0131 sorunu olan\ncinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet, \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahale programlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek\namac\u0131yla t\u00fcm kesimlerin uyum i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle BMMYK, t\u00fcm\nm\u00fclteci kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n, erkeklerin ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik, onur ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa\nmaruz kalmama konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kapsaml\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla,\nh\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle, sivil toplumla, di\u011fer Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla ve m\u00fclteci topluluklar\u0131yla\nyak\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 istemektedir.\n\n\n**Amin Awad**\n\nDirekt\u00f6r\u00fc,\n\n**UNHCR Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti\n\n# Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130 \u00d6ZET\u0130\n\n\nCinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet, Suriye ve Irak krizlerinden etkilenen binlerce kad\u0131n,\nk\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, erkek ve erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u00e7in artan bir endi\u015fedir. Erkekler ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131\ns\u0131ra kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve yerinden edilme sonucunda, zorunlu ve erken ya\u015fta\nevlilik, cinsel istismar, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet de dahil olmak \u00fczere cinsel \u015fiddetin de aralar\u0131nda\nbulundu\u011fu artan \u015fiddet riski ve birden \u00e7ok \u015fiddet \u015fekliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcltecilerin hem\nkamplardaki hem de kamp d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortamlardaki durumu ve Orta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki artan\nkar\u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7 durumlar\u0131 olgusu, insani topluluk taraf\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 yard\u0131m stratejilerinin ve y\u00f6ntemlerinin\nbenimsenmesini gerektirmektedir. [1] Bu nedenle, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet, MENA\nb\u00f6lgesindeki krizden etkilenen ki\u015filer i\u00e7in temel bir endi\u015fe ve s\u00f6z konusu \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve\nm\u00fcdahalesi BMMYK i\u00e7in kilit bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir.\n\n\nBirden fazla sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve koordineli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesine ve m\u00fcdahalesine destek vermek amac\u0131yla, bu rapor, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde\nyerinden edilme durumlar\u0131nda kurumlararas\u0131 m\u00fcdahalenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, m\u00fclteci durumlar\u0131nda cinsel\nve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve m\u00fcdahale edilmesinde somut sonu\u00e7lar elde\netmek i\u00e7in BMMYK\u2019n\u0131n ulusal makamlarla, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 (STK) ve b\u00f6lge genelinde\ndi\u011fer ortaklarla koordineli olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejileri uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygun olarak\n\u00f6zetlemektedir. [2] B\u00f6lge genelinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u011flamdaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, bu raporda vurgulanan\niyi uygulamalar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti daha uzun vadeli olarak\n\u00f6nlemek ve m\u00fcdahale etmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilir ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilir. Ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131\nakt\u00f6rler ve topluluklarla birlikte cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahalede\n\u00fclkelerin toplu eylemi, MENA\u2019n\u0131n \u015fiddetten ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olarak gelece\u011fine yap\u0131lan ya\u015famsal\nbir yat\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r.\n\n\nBMMYK Cinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddeti Ele Alma Program\u0131 :\n\nBMMYK\u2019n\u0131n Cinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddete Kar\u015f\u0131 Eylem ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00fcresel cinsel\nve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet stratejisi, kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n erkeklerle ve erkek\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla yap\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na izin vererek ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmamay\u0131\nte\u015fvik ederek cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin k\u00f6k nedenleriyle m\u00fccadele ederken\ndi\u011fer yandan cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan program\u0131n kalitesini,\netkinli\u011fini ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya odaklanmaktad\u0131r. BMMYK, birden fazla sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\ncinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahale program\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131sal, sistemsel\nve uygulamal\u0131 d\u00fczeyde, BMMYK\u2019n\u0131n Cinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddeti \u00d6nleme ve\nM\u00fcdahale B\u00f6lgesel Stratejik Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndaki belirlenmi\u015f yol g\u00f6sterici ilkelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak d\u00f6rt\nkilit m\u00fcdahale alan\u0131nda (sa\u011fl\u0131k, psiko-sosyal, koruma ve yasal yard\u0131m) desteklemektedir.\n\n\n_**1. STK\u2019larla Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u0130sti\u015fare, BMMYK, 2014.**_\n\n_**2. Ancak, bu genel bak\u0131\u015f, m\u00fclteci m\u00fcdahalesi \u00fczerinde durmakta ve bu raporlaman\u0131n ortaklar ile ortakla\u015fa yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 MENA**_\n_**b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerlerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015filerin durumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir rakam sa\u011flamamaktad\u0131r.**_\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti\n\n\nCinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddeti \u00d6nlemede Hak Temelli Yakla\u015f\u0131m.\n\nBMMYK, m\u00fcltecilerin gereksinimlerinin ve kapasitelerinin ya\u015f, cinsiyet, engellilik ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler\ntemelinde farkl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini kabul ederek, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, erkeklerin, k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel\ncinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet programlar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak\namac\u0131yla ya\u015f, cinsiyet ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00fczenli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerini\ndesteklemektedir. [3] Ya\u015f, toplumsal cinsiyet ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc koruma risklerini ve\nbireylerin ve topluluklar\u0131n kapasitelerini daha iyi anlamak ve cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131\n\u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 korunacak haklar da dahil, bu ki\u015filerin insan haklar\u0131ndan tam olarak yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131\nte\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla bu riskleri ve kapasiteleri daha etkili \u015fekilde ele almak ve desteklemek i\u00e7in\nm\u00fclteci n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin analiz edilmesinin \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nUlusal Sistemlere ve Kapasiteye Yat\u0131r\u0131m Yapmak.\n\nBMMYK, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde \u00f6nlemek ve m\u00fcdahale\netmek i\u00e7in, uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygun olarak cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetle ilgili\nulusal yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evelerdeki koruma bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak amac\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere teknik tavsiye ve\nmali destek sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, bo\u015fluklar\u0131 tespit etmek ve bu bo\u015fluklar\u0131 ele alacak stratejiler\nbelirlemek ve uygulamak amac\u0131yla MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerde cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in mevcut yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin ve hizmetlerin saptanmas\u0131n\u0131\nkapsamaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nCinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddetin \u00d6nlenmesi.\n\nBMMYK\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nleme \u00e7abalar\u0131, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin k\u00f6k nedenlerini,\nkatk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rlerin tespit edilmesini, ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm m\u00fclteci toplulu\u011fu \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in\nkorumay\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecek stratejilerin planlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. BMMYK, cinsel ve toplumsal\ncinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin topluluk temelli koruma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek, bu \u015fiddet konusunda\nfark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturarak, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek ve bu \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesine\nve m\u00fcdahalesine erkekleri ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 da dahil ederek \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik topluluk\ni\u00e7indeki toplumsal cinsiyet ili\u015fkilerinde ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinde olumlu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmay\u0131\nhedeflemektedir.\n\n\nCinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddeti \u00d6nlemek ve M\u00fcdahale Etmek\ni\u00e7in Belirli \u0130lgi Alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Ele Al\u0131nmas\u0131.\n\nBMMYK, aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, engelli m\u00fcltecilerin, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n, lezbiyen, gey, biseks\u00fcel,\ntranseks\u00fcel ve interseks (LGBT\u0130) ki\u015filerin de bulundu\u011fu genellikle cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddet program\u0131nda g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilen belirli m\u00fclteci pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alarak cinsel\nve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nlemek ve m\u00fcdahale etmek i\u00e7in hem kamplarda hem de\nkentsel ortamlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli hizmetleri uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur. BMMYK, aralar\u0131nda erken ya\u015fta\nevlilik, hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmek i\u00e7in seks ve cinsel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve istismardan korunma da dahil\nolmak \u00fczere, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet programlar\u0131ndan yeterli ilgiyi g\u00f6rmeyen\ncinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahalesine y\u00f6nelik belirli ilgi alanlar\u0131n\u0131\nhedeflemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6zel programlar sunmak \u00fczere sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla, h\u00fck\u00fcmet\nakt\u00f6rleriyle ve hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\n_**[3. http://www.unhcr.org/4e7757449.html](http://www.unhcr.org/4e7757449.html)**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti\n\n\nCinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddet Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Hizmetler.\n\n2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetten kurtulmu\u015f ya da bu riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya\nkalm\u0131\u015f 84,566 m\u00fclteci, Suriye m\u00fclteci m\u00fcdahalesinde yer alan \u00fclkelerdeki kurulu\u015flararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\narac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6zel destek alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BMMYK g\u00fcvenli ve gizli raporlama, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddet sevk ve takip mekanizmalar\u0131 kurmak ve bu mekanizmalarla ve mevcut hizmetlerle\nilgili toplum bilinci uyand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve sivil toplum ortaklar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\nBMMYK, Cinsel ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131 \u015eiddeti \u00d6nleme ve M\u00fcdahale B\u00f6lgesel Stratejik\nYakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi yol g\u00f6sterici ilkeler do\u011frultusunda, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddetten kurtulanlar\u0131n psiko-sosyal destek, sa\u011fl\u0131k, koruma ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir, \u00fccretsiz ya da\nuygun fiyatl\u0131 hukuki yard\u0131m da dahil olmak \u00fczere k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun hizmetlere eri\u015fimlerinin\nolmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nSavunuculu\u011fun ve Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi.\n\nBMMYK, MENA b\u00f6lgesinde cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve\nm\u00fcdahalesinde birincil ortaklar olarak kilit devlet akt\u00f6rleri ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ortakl\u0131klar kurmak\nistemektedir. BMMYK ayr\u0131ca, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131\nm\u00fcdahaleler, standartlar ve ara\u00e7lar, ortak programlar ve ortak savunuculuk m\u00fcdahaleleri yoluyla\n\u00f6nlenmesi ve m\u00fcdahalesinin etkinli\u011fini ve etkilili\u011fini en \u00fcst seviyeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in karde\u015f BM\nkurulu\u015flar\u0131, STK\u203alar ve topluluklar ve m\u00fclteciler de dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer payda\u015flar ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi\nyapmakta ve e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\n\n\nVeri Toplama ve Analizinin Geli\u015ftirilmesi.\n\nVeri toplama ve analizi, sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 bir cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet program\u0131n\u0131n\nbelkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hedeflenen hizmetin tahsis edilmesi, savunuculuk, politika\ngeli\u015ftirme, hesap verilebilirlik ve izlemenin etkilili\u011fi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. BMMYK, cinsel\nve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet verilerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli operasyonlarda g\u00fcvenli, etik ve gizli bir\n\u015fekilde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netimini ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayal\u0131\n\u015eiddet Bilgi Y\u00f6netim Sistemi\u2019nin (GBVIMS) tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir.\n\n\nK\u00fcresel Giri\u015fimlerin \u0130lerletilmesi.\n\nBMMYK, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki operasyonlar\u0131nda cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin\n\u00f6nlenmesi ve m\u00fcdahalesi program\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in \u201dBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan \u0130tibaren G\u00fcvende\u201d\n(Safe from Start) ve \u201cEyleme Davet\u201d (Call to Action) k\u00fcresel giri\u015fimlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini taahh\u00fct\netmektedir. \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan \u0130tibaren G\u00fcvende\u201d, acil bir durum oldu\u011funda zaman\u0131nda ve etkili insani\neylem arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kaliteli hizmetlerin\nmevcut olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan\ndesteklenen bir giri\u015fimdir. \u201cAcil Durumlardaki Kad\u0131n ve K\u0131z \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik\nEyleme Davet (Call to Action)\u201d giri\u015fimi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n insani acil durumlarda daha\niyi korunabilmeleri i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, BM kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, STK\u2019lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 seferber etmek\namac\u0131yla Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Uluslararas\u0131 Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (DFID) taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sonu\u00e7\n\n# SONU\u00c7\n\n\nBMMYK, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, BM ve sivil toplum ortaklar\u0131 ile birlikte, m\u00fclteci kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n,\nerkeklerin ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetten korunmas\u0131n\u0131\nm\u00fclteci krizine m\u00fcdahalede \u00f6n planda tutmaya devam etmektedir. BMMYK, MENA b\u00f6lgelerinde\nhayatta kalan m\u00fclteciler de dahil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet\nma\u011fdurlar\u0131na hizmet eden ulusal, kapsaml\u0131 ve \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rl\u00fc cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131\n\u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahale programlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve di\u011fer akt\u00f6rlerle\nortakl\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmektedir.\n\n\nKad\u0131nlar, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, erkekler ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, aileler ve toplulu\u011fun di\u011fer bireyleri, cinsel\nve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin, peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f topluluk temelli \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahale\nmekanizmalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenmesinde, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete, istismara\nve ilgi alan\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin suistimal edilmesine g\u00f6z yuman zararl\u0131 normlara ve uygulamalara\nmeydan okunmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, toplumsal cinsiyetlerinden,\nk\u00f6kenlerinden, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan, cinsiyetlerinden ve engellerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, topluluk\nmensuplar\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 belirli cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet risklerini ele alan\ncinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesine ve bu \u015fiddete m\u00fcdahale edilmesine\ny\u00f6nelik proje d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131na dahil etmek BMMYK\u2019n\u0131n cinsel ve toplumsal\ncinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahale program\u0131n\u0131n kilit stratejilerinden biridir.\n\n\nBMMYK, ayn\u0131 zamanda, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet riskleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ilgi\nalan\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015filer i\u00e7in uygun \u00f6zel hizmetlerin mevcut ve eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini\nvurgulamaya devam edecektir. Buna, sa\u011fl\u0131k, psiko-sosyal, koruma ve hukuk sekt\u00f6rleri gibi \u00f6nemli\nsekt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan sunulan dosya y\u00f6netimi ve bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel hizmetlerin mevcut\nve eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131yla\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin ve hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n iyi bir \u015fekilde e\u011fitilmi\u015f ve bu hassas ve \u00f6nemli i\u015fi\n\u00fcstlenmek i\u00e7in gerekli becerilerle ve ara\u00e7larla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da dahildir.\n\n\n\u00d6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ilerleme kaydedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ilgi alan\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin cinsel ve toplumsal\ncinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik zorluklar ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler halen\nmevcuttur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki m\u00fclteci kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n,\nerkek ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131n daha\nda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmektedir:\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete\nili\u015fkin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n belirlenmesi, programlar\u0131n BMMYK\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015f, toplumsal cinsiyet ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik\nyakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak tasarlanmas\u0131, uygulanmas\u0131, izlenmesi ve de\u011ferlendirilmesinde\nkad\u0131nlar\u0131n, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n, erkeklerin ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla topluluk temelli\nolarak \u00f6nlenmesi ve m\u00fcdahalesi.\n\n\n\u0130lgi alan\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerve etkilenmi\u015f topluluklar aras\u0131nda cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131\n\u015fiddetin nedenlerine, bu \u015fiddete katk\u0131da bulunan etkenlere ve bu \u015fiddetin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na, insan\nhaklar\u0131 ve toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete ili\u015fkin\nmevcut ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evelere y\u00f6nelik bilincin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ilerleme", - "confidence": 0.511777400970459, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sonu\u00e7\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleyen ve bu \u015fiddete m\u00fcdahalede bulunan ulusal\nmevzuat\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygun olarak savunulmas\u0131\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve bu \u015fiddete m\u00fcdahalede\nbulunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel \u00f6ncelikleri yans\u0131tacak bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilen kurulu\u015flararas\u0131 Standart\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Usullerinin, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti y\u00f6nlendirme yollar\u0131n\u0131n, eylem\nplanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve stratejilerin d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellenmesinin desteklenmesi.\n\n\nDirencin ve olumlu savunma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi, hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmek i\u00e7in\nsekse neden olan etkenlerin hafifletilmesi ve cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin daha\nkapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde desteklenmesi amac\u0131yla toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve cinsel ve toplumsal\ncinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n ge\u00e7im, g\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131 malzeme, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, bar\u0131nma\nve yerle\u015fim plan\u0131 gibi sekt\u00f6rlere yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131.\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet bilgi y\u00f6netim sisteminin hen\u00fcz i\u015flevselle\u015ftirilmedi\u011fi\noperasyonlarda tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131.\n\n\nStandart \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Usulleri, kurtulan ki\u015filere bak\u0131m sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddete y\u00f6nelik k\u0131lavuz ilkelerin programlanmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere cinsel ve toplumsal\ncinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve m\u00fcdahalesinde, cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131\n\u015fiddet akt\u00f6rlerinin ve hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kapasitesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi.\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete maruz kalan kad\u0131nlar, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, erkekler ve\nerkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kaliteli ve eri\u015filebilir hizmetlerin mevcut olmas\u0131n\u0131n, ma\u011fdur ki\u015filer i\u00e7in\nbak\u0131m k\u0131lavuz ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda sa\u011flanmas\u0131.\n\n\nCinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet alt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kollar\u0131 ve a\u011flar\narac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahalenin e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rl\u00fc ve kurulu\u015flararas\u0131\nbir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi.\n\n\nM\u00fclteciler \u00fczerinde daha uzun s\u00fcreli etkisi olacak BMMYK stratejilerinin ve giri\u015fimlerinin\ny\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin desteklenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir fon tahsisinin savunulmas\u0131.\n\n\nS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin sa\u011flanabilmesi amac\u0131yla, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin cinsel ve toplumsal cinsiyete\ndayal\u0131 \u015fiddeti \u00f6nleme ve m\u00fcdahaleye yat\u0131r\u0131mda bulunmalar\u0131 ve bunu ulusal planlar\u0131na dahil\netmelerinin desteklenmesi ve savunulmas\u0131.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c82c435-e5f9-3c2e-b105-4e5962b1e95c/SGBVPreventionandResponseOverviewinMENA_Summary_Turkish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_628/raw/doc_628_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_628/raw/doc_628_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 169a0ea3f84fb33c1fdcd56eef3a37ddae6cfcc8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_628/raw/doc_628_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,329 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "he protection environment in Somalia is characterized by insecurity and volatility, limited basic\nservices capacity and provision, weak or absent protection systems, low awareness of - and respect\nfor - basic rights and rules governing armed conflict, discriminatory and harmful socio-cultural\n## Tpractices relating to gender, access impediments for humanitarian workers, and the socio-economic and\n\npolitical disenfranchisement of minority clans and other marginalized groups. [1]\n\n\nSome 1,599,000 people have been displaced in Somalia within ten months of 2022 (Jan-Oct). This is the\nhighest number of internal displacements recorded since the launch of the Protection Return Monitoring\nNetwork (PRMN) in 2015. [2] Whilst drought and looming famine are reported as the primary drivers of\ndisplacement, the renewed escalation of armed conflict has also contributed to an increase in forced\ndisplacement. Minorities and other similarly marginalised groups - such as persons with disabilities (PwDs),\nas well as older people, women and children, are disproportionally affected. Children are particularly at\nrisk of becoming separated from their families or other caregivers.\n\n\nDuring this reporting period, the PRMN has reported more than one million drought- related displacements,\nat least half a million conflict-related displacements and over 6,300 protection violations across Somalia.\nWomen and girls make up the majority of those affected by these violations (57%). The displacement\nsituation as a result of conflict is especially precarious in Hiran, Galguduud, and parts of Lower and Middle\nShabelle regions, given that atleast 47% of conflict-related displacements reported between January and\nOctober 2022 originate from the Hiran region. [3] The majority of these households have been displaced\nwithin the Hiran region, or have fled to Galgaduud, Middle Shabelle and Banadir regions.\n\n\nConflict and insecurity have contributed to increased protection risks. Between August and October 2022\nfor example, there were reports of an estimated 78 children forcibly recruited by NSAGs. [4] FGDs and KIIs\nwith conflict-displaced families in Mogadishu and Baidoa revealed violations of international human rights\nand humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict. [5] Similarly, more than 31 parents from Bakool region,\nreported that their children escaped from forced recruitment, restriction on movement, Gender-Based\nViolence (GBV), forced/early marriages, and inadequate housing. During this period, PRMN partners\nreported estimated 78 children forcibly recruited by NSAGs. FGDs and KIIs with conflict-displaced families\nin Mogadishu and Baidoa revealed violations of international human rights and humanitarian law by all\nparties to the conflict. [6] More than 31 parents from Bakool region, for example, reported that their children\nescaped from forced recruitment. [7]\n\n\n1 Somalia Protection Cluster (2021). Annual report\n2 In 2006, PRMN was known as the Population Movement Tracking (PMT) portal and developed to collect population\nmovement data electronically. In 2014 the system was revised to include protection into population movement tracking. In\n2015, PRMN was launched to collect the real-time displacement incidents. Even though there have been two different systems,\nthe PRMN methodology for enumeration has remained largely consistent. https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-prmn/index.\nhtml#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap=&cregion=Mudug&cdistrictmap=&year=2021\n3 PRMN data (January \u2013 September 2022). Hiran region is classified as Integrated Food Security Phase Classification 4\n4 PRMN Flash alerts, August-October 2022\n5 NRC rapid assessment, Somalia, October 2022\n6 NRC rapid assessment, Somalia, October 2022\n7 PRMN Flash report, July 27: 27,000 individuals displaced due to increased protection violations in Yeed, Aato and Washaaqo towns in\nBakool\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Return Monitoring\nNetwork", - "confidence": 0.996747612953186, - "start": 110, - "end": 114 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.9460434317588806, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9948328733444214, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7277165055274963, - "start": 118, - "end": 119 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5302171111106873, - "start": 118, - "end": 119 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.6254693269729614, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7233133912086487, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6802871823310852, - "start": 289, - "end": 290 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8031384944915771, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.8117102980613708, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PMT", - "confidence": 0.8334495425224304, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6265718340873718, - "start": 493, - "end": 496 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.5806928873062134, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8711775541305542, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9014061093330383, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMN data", - "confidence": 0.9914435744285583, - "start": 602, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Hiran region", - "confidence": 0.9546101689338684, - "start": 611, - "end": 613 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7870149612426758, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMN Flash alerts", - "confidence": 0.812623143196106, - "start": 623, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.5214177966117859, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NRC rapid assessment", - "confidence": 0.7600266337394714, - "start": 630, - "end": 633 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7565022110939026, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **COMMUNITY VOICES**\n\nIn Hiran region, fighting between NSAG and local clans has resulted in massive\ndisplacement, and destruction of properties, water sources (barkads, boreholes/wells),\nand telecommunication facilities, executions, immolation, and arson. In Middle Shabelle,\ncommunities described Aden Yabal, Basra, Warmoy, Yaaqle, Mukay, Xawadley, and Masaajid\nAli Gaduud as hotspot locations. Some respondents fled following forced recruitments of\nchildren by NSAGs, taxation, threats, and targeted killings. Communities resist NSAGs but\nthey fear retaliation. In Diinsoor, travel restrictions by NSAGs have increased with little to no\naccess to the area. [8]\n\n\nSomalia has one of the highest incidents of grave violations against children. Children\naged between 11 and 17 years, were identified as groups most at risk of forced recruitment.\nThere are reports of clan elders ordered to recruit a certain number of children from\ntheir communities to fight alongside the Somalia National Army. NSAGs use intimidation\nand harassment to threaten parents. PRMN reported the killing of a mother and father\nin Hiran after they tried to prevent the forced recruitment of their children. Additionally,\nPRMN reported another incident of the killing of a mother and her son in Marka district.\nMany families are being separated, while communities also stress that their children live\nin extreme danger, have insufficient food and water, and are deprived of basic sanitation,\nhealthcare, and education.\n\n\nFamilies have adopted multiple ways to prevent forced recruitment. These include\ntransporting children to major towns where relatives live (Xawilaad); moving to IDP sites for\nsafety reasons; hiding children; and refusal by caretakers and parents to avail their children\nfor recruitment, which can lead to execution. Others try to reduce the risk by seeking\nnegotiation and bargaining. For example, if a family has several children, they keep one\nand have the other join.\n\n\nAccording to PRMN there has been a spike in domestic violence in 2022. Incidents of\nviolence against women and girls happen throughout displacement and are committed\nby a variety of actors, including intimate partners and other displaced persons. Violations\ninclude rape, physical assault, forced marriages, and female genital mutilation (FGM).\n\n\n8 Xudur has been under a severe siege for the last seven years with the main supply routes blocked and controlled\nby NSAGs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A group of newly arrived women stand in front of their temporary shelters in Luglow IDP settlement, in the outskirts of\nKismayo, Somalia. \u00a9 NRC/Abdulkadir Mohamed\n\n\nThe lack transportation exposes them to risks, as many are compelled to flee on foot. In July for\nexample, PRMN reported an estimated 51 lactating mothers that had fled from Bakool region\ndue to conflict crossed into Ethiopia as they could not travel long distances on foot and/or\nlacked essential lifesaving supplies for their infants. Girls remain at high risk of early marriage\nand school dropout. Parents cannot afford to pay school fees and education facilities remain\ninadequate. Before the drought, more than 70% of school-aged children [9] were already out\nof school, and the national enrolment rate for primary education remains low for girls mainly\ndue to cultural practices in the community and gender stereotypes. [10] Moreover, community\nleaders in some regions have reported that an estimated 25 girls under the age of 18 years\nwere forcibly married in the past two months.\n\n\n9 https://www.intersos.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/BARRIERS-TO-GIRLS-EDUCATION-IN_SOUTH-CENTRALSOMALIA-Annex-1.pdf\n10 https://plan-international.org/blog/2022/08/15/education-cant-wait-drought-girls-somalia/\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Besides, women and children, particularly female-headed households in IDP sites do\nnot feel safe. They live in makeshift shelters that provide inadequate physical protection\nfrom the weather elements and security from invasion. The lack of police posts in IDP\nsettlements, lighting on routes leading to latrines, water points, and firewood collection\nareas is a risk factor enabling abuse, exploitation, and violence. Likewise, the lack of\nadequate gender-segregated latrines/ hygiene facilities as well as absence of door locks\ncontribute to insecurity in IDP sites. Due to fear of stigmatization and repercussions, GBV\nincidents remain highly under reported.\n\n\nImages from a Core Relief Items distribution to persons affected by servere drought in Ladan IDP camp,\nDoolow. \u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **KEY ACTIONS: PREVENTION AND** **RESPONSE**\n\n - Strengthen **protection analyses** using data collected from existing protection systems used in\nSomalia to inform evidence-based response and advocacy.\n\n - Undertake a **joint comprehensive assessment** to document the impact of the ongoing armed\nconflict and unique vulnerabilities of the affected families and young children fleeing from conflict\nareas. Ensure targeted dissemination with findings shared with the Humanitarian Country Team, Inter\nCluster Coordination Group (ICCG), donors, international and national partners.\n\n - Women and children are central to the current emergency response and their unique protection\nneeds should be prioritised by all actors. It is critical to continue prioritising evidence generation\nthrough the collection of **age, sex, and disability disaggregated data** to identify and respond to\nspecific needs and unique vulnerabilities, ensuring stronger integration of protection principles\nacross all emergency programmes alongside specialised standalone responses.\n\n - The immediate cessation of attacks on civilians and infrastructure, including water points, health,\neducation and telecommunication facilities, properties, businesses, as well as restriction on freedom\nof movements, arbitrary arrests and detention and uphold the principles of international humanitarian\nand human rights law.\n\n - Considering the potential long-term impact of the ongoing crisis, stronger commitment from donors\non multi-year predictable funding from the emergency phase onwards is critical. This will ensure\ncontinuity of protection services and the implementation of a holistic and integrated approach.\n\n - Humanitarian and development donors and actors should strengthen their coordination to ensure a\n**nexus approach**, which balances short-term life-saving assistance with longer term support to local\nactors and government structures.\n\n - Scale up **protection services for persons with specific needs,** including PwDs and older persons,\nand those with minority clan affiliations, in areas affected by this surge in armed conflict and in areas\nreceiving the newly displaced.\n\n - Prioritise the establishment of **coordinated area-based inter-agency systems** for the safe\nidentification, referral, and provision of protection services.\n\n - Scale up **child protection** prevention, risks mitigation and response services as part of a multisectoral emergency response. For example, psychosocial support and care for children in extremely\nvulnerable situations, support for community-based protection mechanisms, case management,\nrehabilitation and reintegration of released children with their families and advocacy for children\nassociated with armed forces and armed groups. [11]\n\n - Empower **community-based support structures** to improve engagement and participation in delivery\nof protection services with a specific focus on prevention and risk mitigation.\n\n - Train health, justice, and social service providers on the specific needs of displaced and other conflictaffected communities, including how to safely identify, refer, and assist them in a survivor-centred\nand gender-responsive manner.\n\n\n11 https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/key-child-protection-messages-somalia-drought-crisis-august-2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection systems", - "confidence": 0.8202160000801086, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9691499471664429, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age, sex, and disability disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9268273711204529, - "start": 141, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **ANNEX 1: SUMMARY OF PROTECTION VIOLATIONS DUE TO** **CONFLICT-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT**\n\n**Source: PRMN partners | Period: July \u2013 October 2022**\n\n\n|July 21-24|An estimated 27,000 individuals, from Yeed and Aato villages fled their homes to Baraag, Buur
Haash, Baarey, Godgod, and Shidaad in the Somali Ethiopian region, while others were settled in
Idow, Gaalshire, Wajid, Boqol Garas, Lehelow, Elberde and Xudur due to generalized insecurity
after fierce fighting between the Somali National Army (SNA) and Liyu Police Forces against non-
state actor operating in the area. At least 10 civilians were killed (three women, three children and
four men), and nine children were reported missing. NSAGs also attacked Washaaqo village by
firing 18 mortar shells at the village.|\n|---|---|\n|**August 5-9**|25,272 individuals displaced from 14 villages in Maxaas and Matabaan districts in Hiran region.
Maxaas district remains a crucial supply route between Belet Weyne and Galkacyo. Humanitarian
access to this area is limited with access available by air. NSAGs destroyed three boreholes,
creating water scarcity in the area. More than three telecommunication towers were destroyed,
cutting of communication and afecting commerce. Four villages were torched resulting in
destruction of shelters and other physical assets. Communication equipment was destroyed,
suspending household communication and routine business transactions.|\n|**September 8**|Over 28,920 individuals displaced from Adakibir and surrounding villages following increased
attacks and insecurity in Galgaduud region. The war against NSAGs by local clan militias led to
attacks on civilian and public facilities that provide essential services, such as telecommunication
towers, boreholes, and vehicles transporting food, resulting in disrupted travel to the regions.
Demolition of Adakibir\u2019s communications towers and the kidnapping of an estimated 150
individuals, including children. 10 persons abducted from Ceel-Bur and surrounding locations were
executed. Adakibir and Marsamaga boreholes, the primary water sources for nearby villages, were
destroyed by NSAGs. In Hiran, more than 10 trucks transporting humanitarian aid and public goods
were burnt by NSAGs, and killings of 20 civilian travellers between Belet Weyne and Maxaas
districts were reported. More than 28 children were reportedly kidnapped for forced recruitment
by NSAGs and clan militias.
In August 2021, NSAGs had seized control of Adakibir. The ensuing violence resulted into two
deaths, four severe injuries, and displacement of more than 11,100 persons. In early May 2021, a
similar incident occurred in Bacadweyne and Wisil, Hobyo district. NSAGs entered the towns and
fred indiscriminately at local residents, resulting in two deaths, multiple injuries, and displacement
of more than 12,000 individuals.|\n|**September 18**|NSAGs arson attacks destroyed more than 75% of Ceel-Jiigoow village in Maxas district in Central
Hiran through arson attacks. More than 34,352 people fed fourteen villages in Bulo-Burto, Beled
Weyne and Maxas districts following intense fghting between the NSAGs and clan militias. Agro
pastoral communities around Bulo Burto and Beled Weyne have been adversely afected by the
ongoing confict and drought. Non-state actors forcibly took away more than 20,000 goats and
camels. They faced multiple forced evictions by the NSAG accusing the local communities of
spying for the Somali National Army and clan militias. Increased abductions, abuse, harassment,
and restriction of movement of afected populations by NSAGs. 13 civilian deaths, including children
and women fatalities reported and over 100 houses, businesses, and boreholes destroyed. An
unknown number of children kidnapped and forcibly recruited by the non-state actor.|\n|**October 22**|More than 17,016 individuals from Hiran, Bakool, and Lower Shabelle were forced to fee to
Mogadishu. NSAGs have been raiding livestock and farm produce from local residents as a form
of zakat collection. Men and children were forcibly recruited. An estimated 50 children have been
forcibly recruited in the past two months. Young girls have been forcibly married of.|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An aerial view of\nKaam Jiroon IDP\ncamp in Baidoa.\nThis settlement\nis one of the\nhundreds of IDP\ncamps hosting\ndrought-displaced\nfamilies. \u00a9 NRC/\nAbdulkadir\nMohamed\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d77e06eb-795c-420b-8b4f-d5d6c3f27ba5/SOMALIA%20-%20UNHCR%20%20NRC%20Briefing%20Paper_Living%20in%20Fear.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_629/raw/doc_629_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_629/raw/doc_629_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ee26fd8d40f1559f46f9fbc281e39381d36041c7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_629/raw/doc_629_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,587 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CONTENTS**\n\n**1.** **REPORT** **SUMMARY** .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n**2.** **CONTEXT OVERVIEW** ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4\n\nLegal Landscape ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7\n\nNorms Landscape .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8\n\nEconomic Landscape .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9\n\nConflict and Hostilities .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\nPolitical Landscape ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10\n\nElectoral Landscape .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11\n\n**3.** **PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS** ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12\n\nRISK 1: FORCED and CLIMATE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT ................................................................................................................................................................. 13\n\nRISK 2: CHILD MARRIAGE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16\n\nRISK 3: GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16\n\nRISK 4: FORCED FAMILY SEPARATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16\n\nRISK 5: DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17\n\nRISK 6: IDPs FORCED EVICTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17\n\nFOCUS: DENIED ACCESS TO DUTY-BEARERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 18\n\n**4.** **RESPONSE** ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19\n\nOperational Access Limitations ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19\n\n5W Data (PIN vs Population reached) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20\n\nFunding Data ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22\n\n**5.** **STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND ACTIONS** ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23\n\n\nPage **2** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. **REPORT** **SUMMARY**\n\nConflict, climatic shocks, natural disaster, and forced\neviction are the major drivers of displacement that\nhave led to a complex and protracted humanitarian\ncrisis in Somalia [1]\nIn 2021, a total of 874,000 individuals were displaced\nacross Somalia. Conflict and insecurity were the most\nprominent driver of displacement (544,000\nindividuals), followed by drought (245,000\nindividuals) and floods (62,000 individuals). Forced\neviction is a cyclical protection concern in Somalia\nand in 2021, 132,909 persons had been evicted\nacross the country [2] .\nThe protection environment in Somalia is\ncharacterized by lack of basic services and access\nchallenges to people in need. The legal and policy\nframeworks in place are stalled by weak judicial and\nlaw enforcement institutions. This is coupled with an\noverall lack of public awareness on basic rights, that\nis exacerbated by displacement and structural\ndiscrimination based on gender, ability, and clan\naffiliation.\n\n\n1 Reference in this report to Somalia includes Somaliland, a semiautonomous region. Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland,\nis an unrecognized autonomous state in the Horn of Africa,\ninternationally considered to be part of Somalia.\n2 [Eviction Information Portal. NRC/HLP AoR. www.nrcsystems.net.](http://www.nrcsystems.net/)\n3 \u201cAl-Shabaab has engaged in acts that directly or indirectly threaten\nthe peace, security, or stability of Somalia, including but not limited to\n\n\n\nThis report outlines prevalent protection risks such as child\nmarriage, gender-based violence, forced family separation,\ndestruction of property, forced evictions, lack of access to justice,\ndiscriminatory practices against persons with minority clan\naffiliations, and concerns regarding the protection of civilians.\n\n**Methodology**\n\nThis report was prepared through a desk review of various sources,\nmost notably, the protection monitoring systems in Somalia,\nincluding: the Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS), the\nProtection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) and the\nEviction tracker.\n\n**Limitations**\n\nData available in Somalia is limited to areas that are accessible by\nhumanitarian actors. Those that are not accessible are under the\ncontrol of Al-Shabaab [3] . A limited data set is collected from\nindividuals that flee Al-Shabaab controlled territories by REACH,\ntitled \u2018Hard-to-Reach\u2019 data. The information in this report was\ncollected using existing reports and data collection methodologies.\n\n\nacts that threaten the Djibouti Agreement of August 18, 2008, or the political process; and\nacts that threaten the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs), the African Union Mission\nin Somalia (AMISOM), or other international peacekeeping operations related to Somalia.\nAl-Shabaab has also obstructed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Somalia, or\naccess to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance in Somalia.\u201d\n[https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/751/materials/summaries/entity/al-](https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/751/materials/summaries/entity/al-shabaab)\n[shabaab](https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/751/materials/summaries/entity/al-shabaab)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.8614007234573364, - "start": 348, - "end": 352 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5789242386817932, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9035085439682007, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.889141857624054, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.5684238076210022, - "start": 357, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.616873562335968, - "start": 363, - "end": 364 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Al-Shabaab", - "confidence": 0.577806830406189, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7081416845321655, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\nProtection concerns in Somalia stem from acts of\nviolence, exploitation, abuse, coercion, and\ndeprivation, especially in situations of conflict,\ndisplacement, and through violations of International\nHuman Rights and International Humanitarian Law.\nPervasive features of the conflict in Somalia include\ntargeted and indiscriminate physical attacks on\ncivilians and on property, widespread sexual and\ngender-based violence (GBV), child recruitment,\narbitrary arrest, forced displacement, evictions, landgrabbing, and clan conflicts.\nThe impact of the conflict is aggravated by a\nprotection environment characterized by\nimpediments for humanitarian workers to access\npeople in need, limited-service provision, weak or\nmissing protection systems, low awareness of basic\nrights and discriminatory and harmful socio-cultural\nnorms relating to gender and practices which\ndisadvantage minority clans and marginalized\ngroups such as persons with disabilities and impact\nmost upon women and children. Ongoing conflict,\ndrought and flooding has devastated livelihoods of\nmillions of people and exacerbated the acute food\ninsecurity and malnutrition rates and induced largescale displacement. Water is used as a weapon of\n\n\n\nconflict by al-Shabaab by levying charges on the communities to\naccess water points.\nGender-based violence affecting women and girls remains\nunderreported but widespread, with IDPs remaining particularly\nvulnerable. Gender inequality, societal power imbalances, a weak\nfunctioning justice system, protracted conflict, and displacement,\nall contribute to an inadequate protection environment that leaves\nwomen and girls highly exposed to GBV. Their vulnerability is\nincreased due to illiteracy, poverty, family breakdown and\nunemployment, among other things. Many cases of GBV are not\nreported and addressed due to a fear amongst women and girls of\nbeing ostracized from families or communities, fearing divorce, or\nforced marriage or barriers to getting married, while other GBV\nsurvivors are not aware of services and formal structures for\nrecourse due to unfamiliarity with options and approaches.\nThe Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS) reveals that no\naccess to compensation and no access to duty-bearers were some\nof the most prevalent protection incidents reported in 2021. IDPs,\nadolescent girls (12-17 years), adult women and minority groups\nwere reported to be the most affected. In 2021, KIs reported that\naccess was denied due to socio-economic backgrounds and access\nwas an obstacle because the area had no formal justice systems.\nPhysical abuse, rape and divorce cases were underreported and\noverlooked due to intimidation felt by the affected\ngroups/individuals. Based on the SPMS findings, community coping\nmechanisms reveal that community members do in-fact report to\nlocal authorities for support, but the response is slow, due to the\nlack of formal courts in the area or access denied due to gender or\nsocial background. As such, the weak/limited access to formal\n\n\nPage **4** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "justice is often replaced by the\n\n(Alternative Dispute Resolution) or the Xeer system\nin Somalia, a practice which has long functioned as an\neffective tool for promoting social cohesion and\nregulation of inter and intra-clan affairs. On the other\nhand, the use of traditional justice has an adverse\nimpact particularly for victims of GBV, children,\nminority clans, persons with disabilities and IDPs.\nAspects of the Xeer custom may violate provisions of\nthe Somali Provisional Constitution, particularly\nwhen it comes to the rights of GBV survivors, IDPs\nand minority groups. Somali citizens struggle to have\ntheir grievances justly resolved as they often face\ndiscriminatory practices, are not well informed about\ntheir rights, and have access to very few functional\ninstitutions to meet their justice needs.\nMany areas are reported as being unsafe for women\nand girls especially around settlements due to GBV\nincidents when fetching water and firewood. Schools\nespecially those in rural areas are reported to be\nunsafe places for boys where they are potential\ntargets for forced recruitment to armed groups.\nFamily separation as a survival strategy leaves more\nwomen-headed and child-headed households in\ndisplacement sites, and they then become more\nvulnerable to other threats.\nStructural protection concerns and violations\nassociated with housing, land and property are\n\n\n\nrampant and include land grabbing, encroachment, multiple land\nclaims, insecure land tenure, boundary disputes, demolitions,\nillegal land claims, squatting, illegal occupations, illegal land\ntransactions (fees/ sales), and fraud. Poor land administration and\na lack of land management systems, limited access to justice, poor\nlegal and policy frameworks, and weak justice institutions are\nstructural impediments to tenure security and contribute to the\nprotracted crisis.\n\nForced evictions remain not only a recurring protection concern in\nSomalia, but also a critical factor to be considered within the\nbroader framework of durable solutions for displaced communities.\n\nConflicts in Somalia have resulted in contamination from explosive\nremnants of war (ERW), landmines, and improvised explosive\ndevices (IEDs), which have a detrimental impact on the physical\nsecurity of civilians, especially for mobile pastoral communities.\nERW, landmine, and IED contaminations limit freedom of\nmovement and access to basic services, disrupt livelihoods, and\nimpede stability and recovery.\nCivilians bear the brunt of the multi-faceted conflict in Somalia,\nthrough death and injury, destruction of property and assets,\nlimited access to services and humanitarian assistance, as well as\nby being forcibly displaced from their communities due to violence\nand fear of violence. Conflict also typically results over scarce\nresources.\nThe conflict is multi-faceted and layered due to the ever-present\ninter-communal competition and rivalries brought to the forefront\nthrough limitations in systems enabling access to land and political\n\n\nPage **5** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Member State (FMS) level. Relations between the\nFederal Government of Somalia (FGS) and the\nFederal Member States (FMS) have been marked by\ncompetition over power, resources, and control of\narmed forces. Elections at the FMS level are also\nmarred by violence and accusations of interference\nby the FGS.\nAl-Shabaab, an Al Qaeda affiliated group, is engaged\nin a war with the Government of Somalia that is\nbacked by AMISOM forces. Although Al-Shabaab, a\nnon-state actor, has lost control of most of the major\ncities, they still control a majority of the rural areas,\nsome major cities in South Central Somalia and major\ntransport/supply roads throughout the country.\nThey continuously attack the Somali Government and\nAMISOM forces within Mogadishu and other areas in\nSouth Central Somalia.\nIslamic State fighters, who operate in Puntland State\nin Somalia, have reportedly broken away from AlShabaab and have carried out assassinations against\ngovernment officials and businessmen. Therefore, in\nthe Puntland State of Somalia, two non-state armed\ngroups are present, both the Islamic State Fighters\nand Al-Shabaab. Recently, Puntland security forces\n\n\n4 Bridging the Divide in Approaches to Conflict and Disaster\nDisplacement: Norms, Institutions and Coordination in Afghanistan,\nColombia, the Niger, the Philippines, and Somalia. UNHCR and IOM. 26\n\n\n\nconducted an operation that led to the arrest of several suspected\nAl-Shabaab fighters and in June 2021, Puntland executed 21\nindividuals accused of Al-Shabaab membership and for carrying out\nassassinations and bombings in Puntland. These fighters were tried\nand sentenced to death by Puntland managed court before their\nexecution while other suspected Al-Shabaab fighters are on trial.\nIn areas controlled by Al-Shabaab, access constraints inhibit\ngovernment and humanitarian actors from supporting affected and\ndisplaced populations. This means their ability to undertake\nprevention-related activities; monitor conditions and situations;\nand carry out an effective humanitarian response is also limited4.\nThere are multiple dimensions to these access constraints. Some\naffected populations are unable to flee from Al-Shabaab-controlled\nareas into government-controlled areas to access support. Working\nwith partners creates accountability challenges and may require\n\u201cjustifiable\u201d compromises to provide assistance to those most in\nneed5.\nRegarding conflict related displacement, in April 2021, more than\n8,000 families were displaced in Berdale district of Bay region\n(South West State) due to Al-Shaabab demands on communities to\navail their children for recruitment as fighters, forced taxation,\nkidnapping and destruction of properties. In the same period also,\nmore than 1,000 families were displaced in Baadweyne town of\nHobyo District, Mudug region (Galmudug State) due to fighting\nbetween Somali National Army (SNA) and Al-Shabaab fighters.\n\n\n[JUL 2021. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/bridging-divide-approaches-conflict-and-](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/bridging-divide-approaches-conflict-and-disaster-displacement-norms-institutions-and)\n[disaster-displacement-norms-institutions-and](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/bridging-divide-approaches-conflict-and-disaster-displacement-norms-institutions-and)\n\n5 ibid\n\n\nPage **6** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2021, more than 33,000 families were displaced by\narmed confrontations between government and\nopposition forces in Hodan and Howlwadaag districts\nof Mogadishu after the planned 2021 national\nelections were delayed and Somalia\u2019s incumbent\npresident attempted to extend his term by two years.\nElections at the federal member states are also\nmarked by violence and have the potential of igniting\nclan conflicts.\nSomaliland is relatively peaceful and there are no\nwidespread reports of civilian casualties due to\narmed conflict. Somaliland held a peaceful\nparliamentary election on 31 May 2021. According to\nthe Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS),\nthe most prevalent protection concerns in\nSomaliland include child marriage, sexual assault,\ndestruction of property, no access to compensation,\nviolence in assistance delivery and no access to duty\nbearers.\n\n**Legal Landscape**\n\nSomalia became the 30 [th] African Union Member State\nto ratify the Convention for the Protection and\nAssistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa\n(Kampala Convention) in November 2019. In March\n\n\n6 Ibid\n\n\n\n2020, Somalia deposited its instrument of ratification with the\nAfrican Union. Further to the commitment under the Kampala\nConvention, the adoption of a draft Federal Protection and\nAssistance for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Act is a work in\nprogress and has undergone extensive consultations. The draft Act\nwas reviewed and submitted to the Ministry of Interior and\nMinistry of Justice for legal guidance before it was approved by the\nCouncil of Ministers in February 2021. The instrument is with the\nNational Assembly for adoption. The advancement of this Act\nthrough legislative channels before its final endorsement is of\npriority, given the importance of such legislation for assistance,\nprotection, and solutions for internal displacement in Somalia. The\nelection delays in 2021 have stalled the approval process for this\nAct.\nIn the Somalia National Development Plan 2020\u20132024: The Path to\na Just, Stable and Prosperous Somalia (NDP 9), internal\ndisplacement and IDPs feature extensively in the Government led\nplan, with IDPs recognized as one of the most vulnerable groups in\nSomalia 6 . Durable solutions to long-term displacement are\nprioritized as a cross-cutting imperative and solutions are included\nin the metrics for measuring the success of the NDP 9, which is also\nthe mechanism for implementation of the National Policy on\nRefugee-Returnees and IDPs7. It notes conflict and disaster as key\ndrivers and recognizes that conflict and disaster, including climaterelated hazards, have led to substantial displacement.\n\nSomalia ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC or\nUNCRC) in October 2015 becoming the 196th country to ratify this\n\n\n7 Ibid\n\n\nPage **7** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "convention. This is a critical step\n\nrecord the highest number of grave violations against\nchildren. The Monitoring Reporting Mechanism\n(MRM) reports the recruitment and use of children as\nwell as abduction and sexual violence to be the most\nalarming. Between 1 August 2016 to 30 June 2021,\nthe country task force8 verified 21,560 violations\nagainst 18,079 children (3,291 girls / 14,788 boys) of\nwhich the majority were attributed to Al-Shabaab9.\nChildren, mostly boys, are at an elevated risk of\nrecruitment to armed groups. It is expected the actual\nextent of grave violations of children\u2019s rights is far\nhigher than reported and verified.\n\n**Norms Landscape**\n\nSomali society is divided along clan and ethnic\ngroups. Root causes of clan conflicts are social\ninjustice, clan-based identity, poverty, and resource\nscarcity, which sit alongside existing perceived\nhistorical injustices among clans resulting from\ndecades of conflict and competition for resources.\nThe divisions are further stratified by the \u201c4.5\nformula\u201d established in 2004 as a political power\n\n8 Secretary-General report on Children and Armed Conflict May 2021;\nand from January to June 2021, Somalia County Task force on\nMonitoring and Reporting (CTFMR)\n\n\n\nsharing agreement that gives an equal quota to [the] four major\nclans and a half-point to the cluster of \u201cminority\u201d clans. Those that\nmake-up the .5 are comprised of a host of \u201csmaller\u201d and\nmarginalized clans which are categorized into two groups: ethnic\ngroups (Somali Bantu, Banaadiri and Arabs who fall outside the\ntraditional Somali clan structure and are seen to be of foreign\norigin) and occupational groups (a caste of artisans). The half-point\n(0.5) denotes the assumption of their being regarded as small in\nnumbers and not carrying significant weight politically and\nsocially [10] .\nClan is a key social, economic, and political structure throughout\nSomalia that mediates access to resources, opportunities, influence,\nprotection, and relationships (e.g., marriage, patronage). Four clans\nare considered to be majority, \u201cnoble clans\u201d in Somalia. Political and\neconomic power is determined along clan lines, and due to this\nminority groups have unequal access to resources and do not have\nadequate space to be part of the decision-making process. Minority\ngroups are considered inferior, less entitled to a full enjoyment of\ntheir rights, hence their low social, economic and political status. As\na result of social segregation, economic deprivation and political\nmanipulation, minority groups were systematically excluded from\nmainstream government positions and the few minorities who held\npositions had little power to speak on behalf of their communities.\n\n\n10 Minority Learning Inclusion Review. Programs in the Horn of Africa. MRGI\n(2021). https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/RevisedFinal-Report_Minority-Inclusion-Learning-Review_27_07.pdf\n\n\nPage **8** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring Reporting Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.9941021800041199, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MRM", - "confidence": 0.9984486103057861, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7869462966918945, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Furthermore, because of their distinct ethnic\nidentity, some minorities, particularly the Bantu and\nBajuni have suffered\n\nsystematic confiscation of their lands and properties.\nUnlike other clans from dominant groups, minorities\nlack international support in the form of regular\nremittances. Recurrent insecurity caused by conflict\ncreates an environment where minority groups are\nvulnerable and abnormally displaced from their\nhomes. Notably, some displaced minority groups lost\ntheir lands, which were reallocated. Insecurity\nfurther affects the delivery of services to minority\ngroups [11] .\n\n**Economic Landscape**\n\nSomalia was affected by several shocks over the past\nthree years - drought, floods, locust invasions, and\nthe COVID\u201319 pandemic. As a result, real GDP, which\ngrew by 2.9% in 2019, shrank by 1.5% in 2020,\nmainly due to COVID\u201319 measures such as travel\nrestrictions and supply and value chain disruptions.\nSeven out of 10 Somalis survive on less than $1.90\n\n\n11 Ibid\n\n\n\nper day, and the COVID\u201319 crisis has likely increased rates of\npoverty [12] .\n\nA significant portion of the Somali population are economically and\nsocially vulnerable to shocks and Somalis heavily depend on\nremittances and humanitarian assistance that is project based,\ndelivered through NGOs and is reliant on unpredictable financing.\nThe influx of displaced people to urban areas has compounded\nexisting pressures in access to services, land, and other resources,\nwhile reinforcing earlier patterns of deprivation, marginalization,\nand exclusion. There are an estimated 2.9 million IDPs in Somalia,\nprimarily residing in urban centers, which has increased\nurbanization in the major towns. This urbanization and increase in\npopulation contributed to high demand for land and recurrent\nevictions trends affecting IDPs as the land price increased. Since\nSomali clan system is an important feature of social, political, and\neconomic life, minority groups face the greatest inequalities and\nexclusion due to lack of clan protection.\n\n**Conflict and Hostilities**\n\nSomali society is divided along clan and ethnic groups. Major root\ncauses of clan conflicts are social injustice, clan-based identity,\npoverty, and resource scarcity, which sit alongside existing\nperceived historical injustices among clans resulting from decades\nof conflict and competition for resources. The divisions are further\n\n\n12 Somalia Economic Outlook. African Development Bank.\n[https://www.afdb.org/en/countries-east-africa-somalia/somalia-economic-outlook](https://www.afdb.org/en/countries-east-africa-somalia/somalia-economic-outlook)\n\n\nPage **9** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Landscape section.\nAl-Shabaab takes advantage of inter-communal\ncompetition and clan conflicts to advance its goals of\nestablishing their strict form of Islamic sharia law.\nAdditionally, communities also use Al-Shabaab for\npolitical gains and to revenge their grievances on\nrival clans.\nPolitical instability also contributes to intercommunal fighting. In April 2021, armed\nconfrontations ensued between government and\nopposition forces in Mogadishu after the 2021\nnational election was delayed and Somalia\u2019s\nincumbent president attempted to extend his term by\ntwo years. This caused the displacement of more than\n33,250 families and casualties of 63 civilians.\nElections at the federal member states are also\nmarked by violence and these have the potential of\nigniting clan conflicts.\nIn February 2007, the United Nations Security\nCouncil authorized the African Union to deploy a\npeacekeeping mission in support of Somalia\u2019s\nTransitory Federal Institutions (TFIs). The Security\nCouncil authorized the Member States of the African\nUnion to maintain the deployment of AMISOM, as set\nout in paragraph 1 of resolution 2093 (2013) until 30\n\n\n13 [African Union Mission in Somalia. Brief History. https://amisom-](https://amisom-au.org/about-somalia/brief-history/)\n[au.org/about-somalia/brief-history/](https://amisom-au.org/about-somalia/brief-history/)\n\n\n\nNovember 2015. \u201cAMISOM continues to support the FGS\u2019\ncommitment to a credible electoral process in 2021 and is actively\nworking closely with the FGS and SNA to bring peace and stability\nto the nation13.\u201d AMISOM\u2019s mandate was renewed in 2021 and first\nquarter of 2022. However, there are plans for AMISOM to handover\nto the Somali National Army (SNA) in the future.\n\n\n**Political Landscape**\n\nSomalia is faced by significant challenges and has been marked by\ntensions and fragile relations between the Federal Government of\nSomalia (FGS) and the Federal Member States (FMS) for the past\nfour years (due to competition over power, resources, territories\nand control of armed forces), slow progress in the formation of the\nSomalia National Army and police, lack of independent and effective\njustice and reconciliation institutions, armed non-state actors (AlShabaab and Islamic State) that aim to topple the government,\ndelayed national elections and mistrust among the stakeholders\nand clans has the potential to ignite an armed conflict and risk the\ngains made.\n\nClan discrimination and rivalries exist at federal and state levels in\nturn leading to weak government institutions that are unable to\ngenerate laws and policies. Discrimination of minorities reinforced\nby the 4.5 power sharing formula and the role of women in politics\ncontinue to be contentious issues across Somalia. Women are still\nunder-represented in governance structures (at 24%) despite 30%\n\n\nPage **10** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of the seats being allocated for women under\nSomalia\u2019s provisional constitution. The outcome of\nSomalia\u2019s National elections of 2012 and 2017 is\nwidely accepted as fair by most and did not\ncontribute to an uptick in pre/post-election violence.\nHowever, there are growing fears that delayed and\nslow 2021/2022 national elections, tense and fragile\nrelations between the President and the Prime\nMinister, perceived manipulations of the election\noutcomes by the presidents of the FMS and FGS, will\nall contribute to violence. Despite these challenges\nand delayed election, it has commenced on Nov 2021\nand expected to be finalized by February 2022 as per\nthe latest agreement by the National Consultative\nCouncil (NCC). Fighting due to delayed or postponed\nelections, perceived unfairness, and lack of\ntransparency in the election process has the potential\nof igniting clan conflicts and causing large scale\ndisplacement mostly affecting civilians. During\nconflict and displacement in Somalia, protection\nviolations can be expected to go unreported, with\nhigh levels of impunity for perpetrators.\n\n**Electoral Landscape**\n\nMen dominate the current political system in\nSomalia, reflecting the deeply entrenched patriarchal\n\n\n\nnorms and traditions of clan based Somali society that severely\nlimit women\u2019s participation. Minority groups are one of the most\naffected groups when it comes to participation in the political arena.\nSomalia has respectively adopted the clan-based power-sharing\nsystem known as the \u20184.5 formula\u2019 of representation, a\ndiscriminatory approach whereby minorities combined were\nconsidered to make up only half of one majority clan. The formula\nequalized representation of the four majority clans and gave to the\nminorities overall roughly half the number of seats assigned to each\nof the majority clan-families. Freedoms of association and assembly\nare guaranteed by the Constitution and there is a high number of\ncivil society organizations (e.g., groups for women and youth,\noccupational associations etc.) operating throughout the territory.\nHowever, effective, principled programming and operations of both\nlocal Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and international NGOs is\nhindered by a lack of an effective legal, regulatory, and institutional\nframework across all regions of Somalia.\n\nOn 31 May 2021, Somaliland held parliamentary elections, with\nmore than a million people voting. The results were celebrated as a\nwin for democracy when an alliance of two opposition parties\nmerged their seats and ousted the ruling party. A member of a\nminority clan was elected to parliament, however, none of the 13\nwomen who ran for office were elected, and the election was\nmarred by reports that opposition candidates and journalist were\narrested ahead of the vote. The election itself was also more than a\ndecade late, delayed by a lack of funding and a dispute over the\nelectoral commission\u2019s composition.\n\n\nPage **11** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.** **PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\nSomalia has two protection monitoring systems in\nthe country. The first, launched in 2006, is called the\nProtection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN),\na network of over 31 NGOs (mostly national NGOs)\nthat tracks displacement across the country as well\nprotection incidents / human rights violations.\n\nThe second tool, launched in 2018, is called the\nSomalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS) and is\nan area-based protection monitoring tool that\ncollects protection violations and trends through key\ninformants. In addition to PRMN and SPMS, the\nEviction Tracker, is a specialized tool monitor HLP\nviolations and prevention of HLP violations in\nSomalia.\n\nFrom January to October 2021 the Somalia\nProtection Monitoring System [14] interviewed 5929\nkey informants (2819 female; 3112 males) across\nSomalia. The figure below highlights the overall\nprotection trend in the country:\n\n\n14 [https://spms.drchub.org/](https://spms.drchub.org/)\n\n\n\nThe concerns identified highlight the recurrence of a set of\nprotection risks, aggravated by an overall impediment of the\naffected population to access to duty-bearers or remedies.\n\n\nA major concern emerging from the SPMS is access to fair\ncompensation, and it is one of the most pressing problems\nconfronting the Somali society, in particular vulnerable\ncommunities.\n\n\nThis is mainly due to the fact that there is a lack of access to justice\nin Somalia and rebuilding Somalia\u2019s formal justice system is a highly\nchallenging, complex, and long-term undertaking. In fact, there\nhave not been any effective formal justice institutions in the country\nfor over two decades [15] .\n\n\nThe 2021 findings from PRMN, SPMS and the Eviction Tracker in\nSomalia are summarized below.\n\nNote: The PRMN and SPMS underwent evaluations in 2020/2021.\nBoth systems are still operational but also under revision.\n\n\n15 Reforming and modernizing the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system in\nSomalia. IDLO. 2017. https://www.idlo.int/what-we-do/initiatives/reforming-andmodernizing-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-system-somalia\n\n\nPage **12** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.9607864022254944, - "start": 33, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.9422997832298279, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9971163272857666, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.757078230381012, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.7569260597229004, - "start": 79, - "end": 83 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.7273197770118713, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9880704879760742, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6225805282592773, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.5624172687530518, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "access to fair\ncompensation", - "confidence": 0.6019284725189209, - "start": 208, - "end": 212 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9636129140853882, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7590010762214661, - "start": 293, - "end": 294 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction Tracker", - "confidence": 0.9763445854187012, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9921029210090637, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5600916743278503, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020/2021", - "confidence": 0.6111641526222229, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RISK 1: FORCED and CLIMATE-INDUCED**\n**DISPLACEMENT**\n\nBetween January and December 2021, the PRMN\nregistered a total of 874.000 new displacements. The\npopulation have mainly fled conflict and insecurity\n(62%) or moved due to droughts or floods (35%).\n\n\nThe last quarter of 2021 shows a steep increase of\nIDPs (281.000) compared to the previous quarter\n(99.000), mainly due to ongoing conflict, drought and\nflooding which have devastated livelihoods of\nmillions of people and exacerbated the acute food\ninsecurity and malnutrition rates and induced largescale displacement.\n\n\nRegarding conflict related displacement, in April\n2021, more than 8,000 families were displaced in\nBerdale district of Bay region (South West State) due\nto Al-Shaabab demands on communities to avail their\nchildren for recruitment as fighters, forced taxation,\nkidnapping and destruction of properties.\n\n\nIn the same period also, more than 1,000 families\nwere displaced in Baadweyne town of Hobyo District,\nMudug region (Galmudug State) due to fighting\n\n\n16 [https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-](https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-prmn/index.html#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap=&cregion=&cdistrictmap=&year=2020)\n[prmn/index.html#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap](https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-prmn/index.html#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap=&cregion=&cdistrictmap=&year=2020)\n[=&cregion=&cdistrictmap=&year=2020](https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-prmn/index.html#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap=&cregion=&cdistrictmap=&year=2020)\n\n\n\nbetween Somali National Army (SNA) and Al-Shabaab fighters.\n\n\nIn areas controlled by Al-Shabaab, access constraints inhibit\ngovernment and humanitarian actors from supporting affected and\ndisplaced populations.\n\n\nFor elections related tensions and violence, in April 2021, more\nthan 33,000 families were displaced by armed confrontations\n\n\n**Protection and Return Monitoring Network** [16]\n\n**Displacement Data Analysis**\n\n\n**January-December 2021**\n## 874,000\n##### **NEW DISPLACEMENTS IN 2021**\n\n\nPage **13** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.8510348796844482, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9375413656234741, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5811622142791748, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.9247902035713196, - "start": 293, - "end": 298 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.939448893070221, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected and\ndisplaced populations", - "confidence": 0.5530678629875183, - "start": 264, - "end": 268 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Data Analysis", - "confidence": 0.8036057949066162, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9320613145828247, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DISPLACEMET BY DISTRICT** (DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL)\n\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT BY REASONS**\n\n\nConflict /\nInsecurity\n\n\n\n544,000\n\n\n\nDrought\n\n\nFlood\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT TREND**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\nPage **14** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "467 572 562 681 616 666 554 659 542 596 551 544\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\nPage **15** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RISK 2:** **CHILD MARRIAGE**\n\nChild Marriage remains one of the most prevalent\nprotections risks across the country, reported by\n43% of KIs. Child marriage is among the extreme\nforms of child rights violations affecting adolescent\ngirls. Adolescent girls, boys and IDPs were reported\nas the most affected groups in the community. The\nongoing humanitarian crisis has exacerbated\npoverty, insecurity and access to education, factors\nwhich tend to increase rates of child marriage.\n\n\n**RISK 3: GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\nPhysical abuse, rape and divorce cases were reported\nto not receive access to effective remedy/redress and\none of the obstacles to this was intimidation of the\naffected groups/individuals. Somali citizens struggle\nto have their grievances justly resolved as they often\nface discriminatory practices, are not well informed\nabout their rights, and have few functional\ninstitutions to meet their justice needs. Seeking\ncompensation and justice is especially challenging for\nwomen, minority groups, IDPs and persons with\ndisabilities. Key informants also reported this is a\nchallenge for the community to access Alternative\nDispute Resolutions mechanisms. Below protection\nconcerns reported to not having access to ADR:\n1. Physical abuse cases (38% of KIs)\n2. Divorce cases (33% of KIs)\n\n\n\n3. Rape cases (30% of KIs)\nSomalis continue to use alternative dispute resolutions because\nthey are accessible and low in cost. Additionally, it is reported that\nADR are often better placed to respond to the immediate justice\nneeds of the community. Despite the acceptance and accessibility,\nwomen and other vulnerable groups are unable to access such\nservices.\n\n\n**RISK 4: FORCED FAMILY SEPARATION**\n\nKey informants across the country report high incidents of family\nseparation making it the third highest protection concern reported\nthrough the SPMS. Family separation is defined in SPMS as the\nbreak-down of a family unit or the splitting of households due to\ncircumstances that are triggered by war, displacement and/or\npoverty. Family separation is a common occurrence and\nexacerbates existing vulnerabilities.\nBelow are the most affected groups when it comes to family\nseparation:\n1. IDPS (28% of KIs)\n2. Adult women (26% of KIs)\n3. Adolescent girls (17% of KIs)\n4. Adult men (14% of KIs)\n5. Adolescent boys (14% of KIs)\n72% of KIs reported that family separation happened due to\nfinancial reasons, and 13% of KIs reported that family separation\nhappened due to forced evictions. 6% of KIs reported family\nseparation was due to forced recruitment.\n\n\nPage **16** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9945656061172485, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.7338479161262512, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RISK 5: DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY**\n\nDestruction of Property was reported to be the\nsecond most reported violation. Destruction of\nproperty in the SPMS is defined as property including\nmoveable and immovable assests and livestock.\n\n\nDestruction -both intentional (for example during\nevictions or conflicts) or related to natural hazards\nsuch as floods or accidental fires. 37% of KIs reported\ndestruction of property was due to forced evictions,\n26% of reported destruction of property was due to\nflooding\u2019s, 17% reported property was destroyed\ndue to accidental fires and only 9% of KIs reported\nvillage attacks as reasons to property being\ndestroyed.\n\n\n45% KIs reported IDPs as the most affected group,\n15% of KIs reported women being affected and 13%\nof KIs reported older women (60+) also being\naffected. Forced evictions reported as the leading\ncause and landowners and local authorities were\nidentified as the main dividers in the community.\n\n\n17 Ibid\n\n18 National Eviction Guidelines were also adopted in 2019. The\ninstrument seeks to \u201cmake provision for the responsibility of the\nFederal Government [\u2026] to refrain from, and protect against, arbitrary\nand forced evictions of occupiers of public and private properties, from\n\n\n\n**RISK 6: IDPs FORCED EVICTIONS**\n\nForced evictions\ncreate significant\nsecondary, tertiary\ndisplacement of\nIDPs already\ndisplaced by conflict\nor disaster. This is\ndue in part to the fact that many IDP sites are on private land and\ndue to limited and ineffective land tenure and management\nsystems 17 . To address protection and other concerns, policy\nchanges have been adopted, such as the National Eviction\nGuidelines 18, and advocacy and capacity-building efforts have\nsought to create moratoriums and changes in practices.\n\nImplementation and\nenforcement of the\nNational Eviction\nGuidelines remains a\nchallenge.\nDuring the period of\n\nJanuary-December\n2021, the Eviction Tracker19 recorded 696 incidents of evictions\naffecting 143,815 persons while 94,940 persons were prevented\nfrom eviction by HLP partners.\n\n\nhomes, encampments and lands, to protect the human right to adequate housing and other\nrelated human rights.\u201d IDPs are explicitly mentioned throughout the instrument.\n\n19 [https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/](https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/)\n\n\nPage **17** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### FOCUS: DENIED ACCESS TO DUTY- BEARERS\n\n[The Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS)](https://spms.drchub.org/) findings\nshow that **IDPs, adolescent girls and women are more often**\n**denied access to formal and informal duty bearers**\n**compared to host community members.**\n\n\nSomalia maintains a pluralistic justice system, which is a legacy\nof four legal traditions \u2013 Xeer customary law, religious sharia\nlaw, Italian civil law, and British common law. With the collapse\nof Somali judicial institutions during the civil war, people relied\non long-standing forms of dispute resolution, including Xeer,\nand ad hoc mechanisms established by militia factions. During\nthe civil war and its aftermath, Somalis continued to rely on the\nstrengths and durability of the Xeer system, contributing to its\nincreased importance in the country. Indeed, through the years,\nXeer has become a primary source of law used to settle disputes\nin Somalia.\n\n\n**A major challenge in the Xeer customary system is the**\n**disadvantaged position of children, women, and minority**\n**clans.** Customary justice mechanisms are predominantly\ncomposed of elderly males, selected by male community\nmembers based on status inherited from family members and\nreputation within the community.\n\n\nSomalia has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the\nChild but there is limited enforcement, and a formal juvenile\njustice policy is in development. Ethnic minorities and minority\nclans are also considered to be in disadvantaged positions due\nto entrenched local power dynamics that result in minorities\nhaving little prospect of remedy against members of more\npowerful clans. **Women remain virtually excluded from**\n\n\n20 Accessing Justice: Somalia\u2019s Alternative Dispute Resolution Centers.\n[IDLO. 20 Jan 2021. https://www.idlo.int/publications/accessing-](https://www.idlo.int/publications/accessing-justice-somalias-alternative-dispute-resolution-centers)\n[justice-somalias-alternative-dispute-resolution-centers](https://www.idlo.int/publications/accessing-justice-somalias-alternative-dispute-resolution-centers)\n\n\n\n**formal** **justice** **institutions** **and** **duty-bearers** **due** **to** **structural**\n**discrimination**, including limited education and\n\n\ntraining opportunities for women and girls, and a \u201cculture of impunity for\nallegations of harassment and sexual assault\u201d. In general, women also have\nlimited participation as decision makers and restricted influence in the Xeer\nsystem. Women\u2019s access and participation as parties in customary justice are\ntraditionally limited due to persisting cultural stigma towards women addressing\nmale leaders directly. Women are usually represented by a male family member\nor another intermediary in hearings in front of elders.\n\n\nGender-based violence against women (GBVAW) shows that enforcement of\nwomen\u2019s rights remains a challenge in both customary and formal justice\nsystems. A Sexual Offences Bill submitted to Federal Parliament in 2019 has yet\nto be approved and repeated concerns have been raised in relation to the Somali\nPenal Code\u2019s current definition of sexual violence. GBVAW matters are often\nhandled as collective clan responsibility, and without appropriate procedural\nsafeguards in relation to conduct of hearings and evidentiary standards, leaving\nvictims/survivors without justice and at risk of re-victimization and repeated\ntrauma.\n\n\n**An alternative to the Xeer system is the Alternative Dispute Resolution**\n**Centers 20 (ADR) and there are currently 16 in the country.** The ADR\nrepresents a unique model of justice delivery aimed at facilitating the settlement\nof disputes using informal dispute resolution methods. Importantly, the ADR\nprocess blends elements of arbitration, mediation and other conventional ADR\nmethods while preserving alignment with customary norms and emphasizing\nconsensus-building and voluntary agreement of parties. Each ADR Center has,\nwithin its respective district/region, the jurisdiction to hear and issue decisions\nover civil disputes and select non-serious crimes between two or more\nindividuals that can be remedied by awarding monetary damages or restitution.\nIn doing so, sharia law and principles and Xeer practices may be applied,\nprovided there is no conflict with relevant human rights standards and sharia law\nand principles.\n\n\nPage **18** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **RESPONSE**\n\n\nThe total beneficiaries reached by Protection Cluster\nand AoRs as of 31 December 2021 includes:\n\n3.07 million individuals\n\nI. 862,000 girls\n\nII. 779,000 boys\n\nIII. 897,000 women\n\nIV. 473,000 men\n\n\nThe total beneficiaries reached are those impacted by\ndifferent shocks, including conflict, insecurity, human\nrights violations, COVID-19, eviction, emergency\nscenarios, droughts, and floods. The majority of the\nbeneficiaries reached are newly displaced, followed\nby host community members and IDPs in protracted\ndisplacement situations.\n\n\n#### **Age and Gender Break-down**\n\n**Girls** **Boys** **Women** **Men**\n\n#### **Persons Affected by Crises (Top 5)**\n\n\n\n**Conflict/Insecurity/human**\n\n**rights violations**\n\n\n\n**Conflict/Insecurity/human**\n\n\n\n\n\n**COVID-19**\n\n\n**Drought**\n\n\n**Eviction**\n\n\n**Emergency**\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,053,210**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage **19** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Operational Access Limitations** Map 21 of Approximate Territorial Control in Somalia. Areas under the control of Al-Shabaab and ISIS/ISIL have limited to no access for humanitarians.\n\n21 Evan Centanni and Djordje Djukic.\n[https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/12/who-controls-somalia-crisis-](https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/12/who-controls-somalia-crisis-timeline.html)\n[timeline.html](https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/12/who-controls-somalia-crisis-timeline.html)\n\n\n\nPage **20** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5W Data** (PIN vs Population reached)\n\n\n**2021 Population in Need per district**\n\n\n_The darker the color the more people in need._\n\n\n\n**Total Beneficiaries Reached in 2021 per district**\n\n\n_The darker the color the more beneficiaries reached_\n\n\nPage **21** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Funding Data**\n\n\nThe total funding requirement for the Protection\nCluster and AoRs in 2021 is $106.6 million, of which,\n$29 million (27.5%) was received. Therefore, the\nfunding gap of 72.5%, has led to significant gaps in\nprotection service provision across the country.\n\n\n\nPage **22** of **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.** **STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\n**Protection Cluster Strategy**\n\n\n**1.** **The rights of people affected by the humanitarian**\n\n**crisis in Somalia are respected and promoted through**\n**effective and collaborative protection monitoring**\n**services in order to generate evidence for advocacy,**\n**programming, and efficient response to needs.**\n\nI. Mapping of and promoting available justice\nmechanisms.\nII. Utilization of protection monitoring findings and\n\nholding Joint Analysis Workshops on protection\nmonitoring findings.\nIII. Advocating and reporting on protection monitoring\n\nfindings.\n\n\n**2.** **People are protected through fair and equal access to**\n\n**inclusive multi-sectoral responses that provide full**\n**and non-discriminatory access to essential services**\n\n\nI. Promote inclusion of persons with minority clan\naffiliations.\nII. Adoption of a localization plan.\nIII. Support implementation of the GBV AoR and CP AoR\n\nstrategies.\nIV. Conduct mapping of the available services and keep\n\nreferral pathways updated.\nV. Contextualizing Protection Case Management\nGuidelines to Somalia.\nVI. Promote community-based protection programs.\n\n\n\n**3.** **Ensuring** **protection** **is** **mainstreamed** **and**\n**humanitarian principles are upheld across the**\n**response.**\n\nI. Provision of protection mainstreaming through\ntraining and capacity building initiatives.\nII. Promotion of the protection mainstreaming index\n\n(PMI) across clusters.\nIII. Strengthen linkages between Protection, Health, and\n\nother clusters, for MHPSS initiatives.\n\n\n**HCT Centrality of Protection Strategy**\n\n\n**1.** **Reducing the risk of exclusion and denial of access to**\n\n**assistance.**\n\nI. Identifying and addressing differential forms of\nexclusion through principled, equitable and quality\nhumanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**2.** **Reducing the risks associated with displacement.**\n\nI. Addressing critical protection concerns that persist\n\ndue to protracted displacement in sites and the lack of\nappropriate solutions for the displaced.\n\n\n**3.** **Reducing indiscriminate attacks on civilians and**\n\n**civilian assets by the parties to the armed conflict.**\n\nI. Engagement with conflict affected communities and\n\nparties to the conflict to minimize the targeting of\ncivilians and civilian assets.\nII. Community-based protection mechanisms are\nstrengthened, assistance is provided, and the risks for\nchildren and youth being associated with armed actors\nor injured due to conflict or explosive hazards is\nreduced.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b77ad31-d168-316e-86c9-18c5a6a777b8/SOM_PAU_Somalia-Protection-Analysis_Feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_63/raw/doc_63_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_63/raw/doc_63_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 36c65c4c059b9cad11a2533eba39a1eaf3ef358d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_63/raw/doc_63_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,431 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Protection risks after de facto authorities ban on female aid workers\n\n#### **February2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\nOn 24 December 2022, the Taliban [i] issued a letter\nbanning women from working in international and\nnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This\nletter was an aggressive continuation of systematic\ninfringements on the fundamental rights of women and\ngirls. It was also a public display of indifference to\ninternational pressure and influence and indicates a\ndeteriorating operational space for humanitarian\nactors. Several international non-governmental\norganizations (INGOs) operating in Afghanistan\ntemporarily paused operations, including many\nprotection partners. However, following an ad hoc\nexception, particularly for health and primary education\nactivities, some partners partially resumed their\nactivities. **At present about 24% of the partners (14 out**\n**of 59) have their activities suspended.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWith humanitarian operations significantly obstructed through this ban, **the protection partners have seen an increase in**\n**reliance on negative coping mechanisms such as early marriage or child labour.** The directive will further compound the\noverlapping humanitarian and economic crises occurring in Afghanistan, where 11.6 million women and girls are in need of\nhumanitarian assistance in 2023 and female-headed households who are estimated to make up 10% of the population may no\nlonger have access to critical protection services.\n\n\nOngoing and pre-existing protection risks are likely to be exacerbated under these conditions:\n\n\n**1.** **Denial of resources, opportunities, and services**\n**2.** **Unlawful restriction to freedom of movements**\n**3.** **Psychological and emotional abuse**\n**4.** **Impediments to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice**\n**5.** **Early and forced marriage**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n - The de-facto authorities must find a **country-wide solution that will allow women to work in all areas of operations**,\nand specifically to be present to identify and address the risks and vulnerabilities of women, girls, and children.\n\n\n - UN agencies and humanitarian partners must guarantee an **increased monitoring of how programmes are**\n**implemented and agree on a time-bound plan to ensure that modalities compromising humanitarian principles do**\n**not become a norm for humanitarian assistance** in Afghanistan.\n\n\n - The wider international community must work on **a political road map for Afghanistan**, and there must be improved\nand effective dialogue and engagement to prevent the situation from deteriorating further.\n\n\n - Donors to Afghanistan need to maintain their support to the people of Afghanistan in the form of continuous funding\nand political actions, and to ensure that **transitional implementation modalities serve only the response to most**\n**urgent needs until women are allowed to work in all areas of operations.**\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\n\n**PIN**\n\n**[WOMEN & GIRLS]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**HAZARDOUS AREAS**\n\n\n\nRestrictions on women and girls\u2019 presence in the public sphere coupled with the issuance of a number of decrees have reduced\nthe mobility of women and girls. The closure of secondary schools for girls, reduced public participation for women, the\nabolition of the Ministry of Women\u2019s Affairs and the establishment of the Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention\nof Vice, the lack of a broad-based political system, and ongoing human rights issues were some of the systematic attempts in\nthis regard. During the month of December, two decrees were issued restricting women and girls from public spaces and\ndepriving them of their basic rights and opportunities to contribute to their family\u2019s financial situation and the country\u2019s\ndevelopment. The last decree issued by the Ministry of Economy on 24 December, banning female I/NGO humanitarian aid\nworkers from working, not only impacted the female aid workers, but also deprived the aid recipients of lifesaving assistance.\nAccording to UN Women, one in three women organizations indicated believing that more restrictions targeting women will\nbe announced in the next three months.\n\nIn a context where more than 15,000 women humanitarian workers [vii] are unable to work across all sectors, and where women\norganizations (UN Women Gender Alert) say they will be forced to either fully or partially shut down without their female staff,\nthere are major concerns regarding women\u2019s ability to access humanitarian assistance. The GiHA/HAG snapshot (12 January)\non the impact of the ban shows that 90% of all INGOs, NGOs and UN respondents across humanitarian sectors saw an\nimmediate impact of the ban on their ability to reach women. For protection services and specifically services provided for\nwomen by women such as GBV services and safe spaces, not having women means practically the impossibility to reach\nwomen. These services cannot be provided by men without putting affected women in harms ways. Access to women was\nalready extremely challenging even before the ban, not least due to the lack of women humanitarian workers in the field.\nAccording to GiHA perception surveys with 2000 households in December 2022 [viii], 56% of women said they faced difficulties\nin accessing assistance and 30% of those who felt unsafe accessing assistance said it was due to lack of women humanitarian\nworkers. In a survey immediately following the ban, 96% of Awaaz (humanitarian helpline) callers surveyed noted the ban will\nhave a negative impact and influence on women and girls' access to humanitarian services.\n\nThe ban also implies that humanitarian partners will not be able to involve women in planning the humanitarian assistance\nand engaging in in assessments of humanitarian needs. There has already been a substantial reduction of monitoring activities\nand disruption of reporting channels for instances of sexual exploitation and abuse which, if continued, will result on a\nsubstantial incapacity to detect, report and address cases. Such situation may result in an increase of SEA related risks in the\nnext period.\n\nDuring the fourth quarter of 2022, de facto authorities in Afghanistan continued to threaten and actual forced eviction of\npeople living in informal settlements. These were ongoing in Badghis, Kabul, Balkh and Herat provinces. Threat of eviction also\ncontinued to be reported as a challenge in household interviews throughout Afghanistan in higher levels by women\nrespondents. Women and women-headed households are particularly vulnerable in informal settlements to the threat of\nforced eviction, given that women are more likely to be displaced in Afghanistan and to take their families with them when\nthey flee conflicts or natural disasters. In Badghis, almost 200 women-headed households were identified among the evicted\nresidents, and initial reports indicated the de facto authorities were refusing to register them as internally displaced to receive\nhumanitarian assistance and also even prevented them from returning to their place of origin. [ix] This instance of forced eviction\nwill have broader impact on women, including disrupted access to livelihood and support networks. The monitoring of\nmovements and possible secondary displacements was disrupted by the ban on female NGO workers and the consequent\nsuspension of some NGO operations in the concerned province.\n\nPrior to the ban, protection cluster was aiming to protect and assist an estimation of 6.5 millionx women, men, girls and boys\nthrough cash for protection and protection services, provision of landmine clearance and education, specialised support for\nchildren, integrated services for survivors and at-risk people, legal counselling, and documentation assistance. As of January\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\n2023, the continue survey conducted by the protection cluster has estimated that over 3.4 million beneficiaries among which\nover 2.2 million women and girls will not be receiving assistance due to the ban.\n\n\nIt is important to note that the protection of civilians and increased level of human rights violation remained of grave concern\nacross Afghanistan, even before the ban. The economic crisis, political instability, and climate change was exacerbating\nprotection risks and the shrinking of protection space, particularly for women, girls, persons with disabilities, and other\nmarginalized groups such as ethnic and religious minorities. The UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in\nAfghanistan, Richard Bennett, expressed grave concerns about the desperate situation of women and girls, increased attacks\non places of worship, schools, transportation systems, and minority communities during his visit in the country in late 2022 [xi] .\nAlso, findings from researchxii conducted in Balkh, Nangarhar and Kandahar show that executions, forced disappearances, and\ndeprivation of aid continues to be a threat for former government members and their families.\n\nWithout the protection activities and interventions, the centrality of protection in humanitarian response is being challenged:\nChildren will remain deprived of humanitarian assistance - risk of exploitation and all forms of violence and abuse will increase\n\n- the continue principled of the HLP activities will be limited while house, land, and property activities enable humanitarian\nresponses, securing land rights predicate sustainable investments, food security, shelter, WASH, GBV risk mitigation, as well\nas other sectors. Finally, access to agricultural land, livelihood, shelter, water points and return areas will be limited.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n#### RISK 1 Denial of resources, opportunities, services\n\n\n\nDenial of services has shown a consistent increase over\n\nProtection Monitoring (CBPM) findings, 32% of the\n\nto essential services. The percentage of respondents who\n\nservices is higher (36%) in comparison to male\nrespondents (28%). When comparing the level of denial\nof accessing essential services with different population\ngroups, the percentage of denied access to essential\nservices was higher among IDPs (48%), followed by\nrefugees and asylum seekers (47%), and undocumented\nreturnees (27%). The top reasons for denial of access to\n\n|Denial of service|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**30%**
**23%**
**35%**|**30%**
**23%**
**35%**|**30%**
**23%**
**35%**|**30%**
**23%**
**35%**|**38%**||\n|||||||\n\n\nQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4 services were affordability (fee), discrimination, non\ninclusive service, and movement restriction. While monitoring is still ongoing, observational reports highlights that following\nthe ban this trend, specifically with regards to women and girls, is expected to continue to increase.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4\n\n\n#### RISK 2 Unlawful restrictions to freedom of movement\n\n\n\nMany women organizations consulted have expressed\nfear that the ban would also translate into more\nrestrictions for Afghan women and girls. Women in\nAfghanistan are already restricted in their mobility by the\nmahram and dress code requirements, and many fear\nthat the ban could be used as a way to further constrain\nwomen\u2019s mobility and continue attacks on women\u2019s right\nto life. According to UN Women, one in three women\norganizations indicated believing that more restrictions\ntargeting women will be announced in the next three\nmonths [xiii] .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFamily members of former GoIRA workers and military officers continue to face challenges. Anonymized research conducted\nin southern parts of the country has identified that former government and military employees and their families were being\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nblocked from accessing essential services such as\neducation and healthcare. The authorities often\naccompany NGOs requiring them to distribute aid\naccording to their lists and directions and monitoring\nto whom NGOs distribute aid. Affiliation with former\ngovernment members puts their families at higher\nrisk of sexual exploitation that targets young men as\nwell as women and girls. Research finds that fleeing\ncommunities of origin in search of anonymity was the\nmost used strategy by the former government and\nmilitary members. Some respondents reported that\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9526647925376892, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.955523669719696, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9337626695632935, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "observational reports", - "confidence": 0.98307865858078, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.7464402914047241, - "start": 323, - "end": 326 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\ntheir families and themselves were always on the move to escape identification. They selected locations, such as urban centres\n\n- where they could escape recognition easily.\n\n\nSocio-cultural barriers feature as the top reason cited by female respondents for not being able to move freely, while the link\nto fear for personal safety was the primary reason cited by male respondents. Fear of personal safety and discrimination and\nphysical barriers are also cited reasons by female respondents.\n#### RISK 3 Psychological and emotional abuse\n\n\n\nThe developments seen over the\nlast quarter of 2022, with\nreinforced restrictions on\nmovement, an increase in\nevictions and denial of support\n\nrisk of psychological and\nemotional abuse inflicted by the\nDFA. For many this situation is\ncompounded by traumatic\nexperiences such as witnessing\nof violence or by the breakdown\nof social services such as health and education services.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWomen\u2019s exclusion from the workforce will have a combined effect with the loss of assistance to women and girls and increase\nthe risk of psychological impacts including trauma and desperation. Many women humanitarian workers are also the\nbreadwinners for their families, and stopping them from working may lead to degrading economic conditions for thousands\nof families and cause further stress. This is also the case for women and vulnerable women headed households who may be\ndeprived of assistance and succumb to negative coping mechanisms. With the broad erasure of women from society in\nAfghanistan and women\u2019s complete exclusion, women organizations are mentioning the risk of increased rates of suicide for\nwomen and girls, corroborating anecdotal suicide cases of women and girls which have been reported across the country since\nthe ban.\n\n\nDuring the last quarter of 2022, 41% of respondents overall reported that at least one of their family members experienced\npsychological distress in the past 6 months. From the data collected during this quarter, certain profiles were more at risk of\nexperiencing psychological distress. For example, women were more likely to report feelings distress (43% of the total women\ninterviewed), compared to men (38%). Moreover, IDPs and undocumented individuals were also more likely to report\npsychological distress in the past 6 months (46% of respondents respectively) compared to returnees and host members.\n\n\nAfter the ban on female workers, women and girls in need of psychosocial services will have less opportunities to access these\nand hinder their ability to work and to participate educational activities.\n#### RISK 4 Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\nBefore the ban, women were already facing challenges in accessing civil documents as the government services providing them\nare male-only. With no female humanitarian workers, women without identification documents are unlikely to access services\nproviding identification documents. Particularly female headed households who cannot be reached by male humanitarian\nworkers, will be barred from such services. This also applies to HLP and other justice related programming. GBV cases and\nother cases of violence or injustice against women will also remain undetected due to the absence of women field workers\nwho women can confide in.\n\n\n43% of people across the country lack access to civil documentation, with Tazkira, E-Tazkira, and passports being the three\ndocuments most commonly missing. Women are over two times as likely not to possess a paper tazkera, highlighting the\nhistorical challenges to women accessing identity documentation in Afghanistan due to social norms and other barriers.\nMoreover, the ban on women humanitarian workers is likely to exacerbate women\u2019s lack of access to justice mechanisms and\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "anecdotal suicide cases of women and girls", - "confidence": 0.5959222316741943, - "start": 287, - "end": 294 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9483720660209656, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7786211371421814, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8264394402503967, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.8444350957870483, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6367533802986145, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7577581405639648, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\ntheir already limited access to documentation. 28% of Afghan women do not own a tazkera, which is already impeding their\naccess to services where identification is required [xiv] .\n\n\nLack of access to civil documentation also has a multiplier effect on the enjoyment of other human rights. The presence of\ncheckpoints and other security measures requiring civil documentation, will restrict freedom of movement \u2013 a point which is\nespecially relevant for women traveling with a mahram. Lack of access to adequate documentation also leaves those wishing\nto re-migrate with little choice but to use irregular routes to do this, notwithstanding the clear protection risks associated with\ndoing so.\n\n\nAccess of the population to remedies and justice continued to be impacted by a haphazard and dynamic formal justice system.\nAn \u201cabsence of law is one of the most serious challenges facing the country and courts continue to operate with irregular\nprocedures and unclear sources of law\u201d. [xv] Impeded access to justice for women remains a critical issue in Afghanistan due to\nmany factors, including general restrictions on women\u2019s movement and lack of representation in the formal system and\ninformal dispute resolution structures.\n\n\nIn household interviews, the main challenge reported by women in accessing dispute resolution mechanisms was lack of\nfemale representation, highlighting the impact this has on women accessing justice. Further, in many provinces, women must\nbe accompanied by a mahram to access courts and institutions. There are also concerning reports of procedures in courts,\nincluding that testimony of women is not always permitted. [xvi]\n\n\nThe use of customary justice mechanisms, the costs of using the formal judicial system, and the stigma attached to women\nwho attempt to file cases in court are driving the use of informal dispute resolution mechanisms \u2013 especially among women.\nWomen continue to use informal means to resolve disputes \u2013 such as family and relatives \u2013 more often than men and cite\ndiscrimination and lack of female representation as reasons for not accessing more formal mechanisms. Higher numbers of\nwomen also prefer to resolve issues themselves. However, informal access to justice at the community level may also be put\nat risk if women community leaders or shuras do not feel safe operating anymore, in an environment where the exclusion of\nwomen from society and from decision-making is becoming widespread.\n\n\nGiven the ongoing developments in the justice system in Afghanistan, regular monitoring and analysis of the formal legal\nsystem and institutions is critical. Legal assistance, particularly for vulnerable members of society such as women-headed\nhouseholds, disabled people or elderly people, to support them to access remedies and dispute resolution mechanisms, also\nremains essential.\n#### RISK 5 Early and forced marriage\n\n\nPrior to the ban, a number of households were already using negative coping mechanisms in Afghanistan out of desperation due\nto the worsening economic situation and lack of access to assistance. In addition to taking out loans or selling assets this includes\nhigh risk coping mechanisms such as child labour as well as forced and child marriage. Prior to the ban women headed households\nwere already more likely to use high-risk negative coping strategies, with 29 per cent of women headed households having at\nleast one child engaged in child labour (up from 19 per cent in 2021). Following the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had seen a\nhigh spike in the practice of early and forced child marriages, where vulnerable families unable to feed all their children\nresorted to selling children \u2013 most often their girls \u2013 and in some cases, their organs. In a CARE Report from 2022, 12% of\nhouseholds indicated having to marry one of their girls under 18 due to the food crisis [xvii] . The ban pushes more people to\nsuccumb to negative coping mechanisms to survive, such as the sale of children; emigration; child, early and forced marriage;\nand suicide. Girls forced into marriage also face increased risk of GBV, limitations in accessing reproductive health, and lower\nlevels of completed education.\n\n\nReports of returnees resorting to forced and early/child marriage were reported by 3% and 2% of the household survey\nrespondents respectively, with undocumented returnees and refugees more likely to resort to these coping mechanisms in\nBadakhshan and Faryab provinces. The root of this increase in forced and child marriage could be the restrictions on girls from\naccessing education, deteriorating economic conditions, severe food insecurity and movement limitations for girls/women.\nKey informant interview data indicates that 5% of returnees reported are resorting to child marriage as a harmful coping\nmechanism. Reports of child marriage, early marriage, and exchanging children for marriage were also raised in focus group\ndiscussions.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household interviews", - "confidence": 0.9811768531799316, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9610053300857544, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CARE Report", - "confidence": 0.9940419793128967, - "start": 654, - "end": 656 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8255703449249268, - "start": 655, - "end": 656 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8316419720649719, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9997150301933289, - "start": 657, - "end": 658 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9164257049560547, - "start": 662, - "end": 663 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household survey\nrespondents", - "confidence": 0.9634882807731628, - "start": 760, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7355133891105652, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.6132827401161194, - "start": 828, - "end": 829 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant interview data", - "confidence": 0.9394891262054443, - "start": 819, - "end": 823 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.7784593105316162, - "start": 767, - "end": 768 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\n**\u201c** The lack of work in a society lowers the\nmorale of adults, youths and women. These\nfamilies, due to extreme poverty or due to the\nbad economy and lack of money, have the\ncustom of underage/early marriages and\nexchanging their daughter to marry (another\nfamily\u2019s) son as they don\u2019t have any one to\nmarry their son.\u201d\n\n\nMale FGD, Logar province, November 2022\n\n\n\nAdditional reports have also shown that the current economic and\nfood crises had the potential to increase the use of child marriage as a\ncoping mechanism. To cope with the lack of food, households have\nresorted to coping mechanisms which are often impacting women and\ngirls disproportionately. The negative coping mechanisms adopted\nafter exhausting almost all avenues for sustaining family needs include\nborrowing and child marriage, with the highest numbers present in\nBadakhshan and Faryab. Between September and November, IOM\nreceived hundreds of reports of undocumented returnees marrying\ntheir children to cope with their livelihoods situation, forcing their\nchildren to provide labour for their landlords as a means of repaying\ndebt, and multiple instances of forced marriage \u2013 incidents which may\nconstitute contemporary forms of slavery.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nAs of December 2022, the protection cluster reached 4.6 million people. In 2023 the protection partners planned to reach\n\n\n\nActivities status 6.5 million people (Humanitarian\n\nResponse Plan \u2013 HRP 2023). 50% of\n\nstaff. After the ban of the work of\nInternational and National NGO\u2019s\n\npartners registered in 2023:\n\n - 24% of partners are forced\nto pause their activities\n\n - 68% of partners are implementing partially, while\n\n - 8% continue to implement activities\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\n\nActivities status\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDecember 2022 reals the highest number of access constraints\nand operational challenges overall, with 330 access incidents\nreported that resulted in the temporary suspension of 272\nprograms and facilities xviii . In this precarious context and after\nDecember 24, 2022, access is further restricted by the impact of\nthe current ban. Since January 2023:\n\n\nOut of 27 child protection partners, 30% are forced to suspend\nactivities, 67% are partially implementing, 12% of GBV partners\n(out of 17) are forced to suspend activities and 71% are partially\nimplementing, 75% of HLP partners (3 out of 4) are forced to\nsuspend activities, and finally, 10% of mine action partners are\nforced to suspend activities and 90% are partially implementing\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on the analysis of the impact survey related to the ban on protection activities in January 2023, the cluster estimates\nthat out of 6.5 million target people, the protection cluster will be able to reach 3.1M (47 %), while 3.4M (53%) people will\nNOT be reached. With the ban on the work of female I/NNGO staff, which affects the funding process, the most needy\nwomen and girls identified in the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP 2023) will not be effectively reached. The survey\n\nresponse will not reach\n51% of those targeted,\n\nwill not reach not reach\n\nwill not reach 69% and\n\n49% of its target.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n\nIn the period covered by this analysis, urgent action is required to inmediately address the approach and the response\nmodalities after the ban on female aid workers to avoid the rising impacts of existing protection risks.\n\n#### RISK 1 Denial of resources, opportunities and services\n\n\n**HC AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Agree as soon as possible on a **united and common position on the ban of female aid workers**, ensuring that the resuming\nactivities, male only programming or other compromising modalities do not violate humanitarian principles and, if\nnecessary, are short term.\n\n- Guarantee an **increased monitoring of how programmes are implemented and agree on a time-bound plan** to ensure\nthat modalities compromising humanitarian principles become a norm for humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Maintain their support to the people of Afghanistan, in the form of continuous funding and political actions to **ensure**\n**transitional implementation modalities serve only the response to most urgent needs until women are allowed to work**\n**in all areas of operations.**\n\n\n**DE FACTO AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- **Ensure that women humanitarian workers are able to access women and girls** in the field through providing a safe\nenvironment and enabling them to travel to field locations and reach affected women and girls.\n\n- The de facto authorities must find a **country-wide solution that will allow women to work in all areas of humanitarian**\n**operations and support functions** to enable NGOs to reach millions of people.\n\n- The de facto authorities must engage in **constructive dialogue with international interlocutors beyond the humanitarian**\n**response** and take steps to facilitate progress regarding the economic situation and receiving development assistance\nfrom other countries.\n#### RISK 2 Unlawful restrictions to freedom of movement\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Urgently engage the de facto authorities to **prevent and stop the threat of and actual forced eviction, specifically in the**\n**in Badghis, Kabul, Balkh, and Herat provinces** . Engage in developing and integrating adaptation strategy of services\ndelivery modalities to support vulnerable households and mitigate protection risks.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Prioritize and scale up support to humanitarian partners that implement **multi-sectorial interventions including cash for**\n**rent to support vulnerable households and mitigate protection risks such as threat of eviction.**\n\n- Engage in constructive dialogue with the de facto authorities and humanitarian actors to coordinate and prioritize longer\nterm funding and solutions for internal displacement.\n#### RISK 3 Psychological and inflicted distress\n\n\n**CLUSTERS and PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Increase psychosocial and psychological support\n\n\n**DE FACTO AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- Ensure the presence of women staff in the field to engage with affected women and girls and enable their safe access to\nall services.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | February 2023\n\n#### RISK 4 Impediments and/or restrictions to access to documentation, remedies and justice\n\n\n**DONORS and PARTNERS**\n\n\n- **Increase the services to support vulnerable households to access identity and civil documentation and the access to**\n**justice** mechanisms to resolve disputes, including legal or cash assistance.\n\n- Consider capacity-building training on **dispute resolution for informal justice actors.**\n\n- Prioritize and support the **monitoring and analysis, and the development of the formal legal system and institutions**\n\n- **Prioritize legal assistance**, particularly for vulnerable members of society such as women-headed households, disabled\npeople or elderly people, to support them to access remedies and dispute resolution mechanisms.\n#### RISK 5 Serious maiming and injuries due to explosive Hazards\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- Increase the protection mainstreaming within sectors for quality response especially in addressing the extreme/negative\ncoping strategies including forced and child marriages exacerbated by the economic crisis and absence of women\nhumanitarian workers.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\ni The letter was submitted by the de facto Ministry of the Economy to the Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief (ACBAR) \u2013 the largest\numbrella of civil society organizations operating in Afghanistan.\n\nii People in need (HPC 2023)\n\niii ACBAR https://www.acbar.org/articles/375/statement-by-acbar-on-suspension-of-women-staff-working-in-ngos-26-december-2022\n\niv Registration by de facto authorities\n\nv WoAA\n\nvi MASC, Afghanistan\n\nvii ACBAR https://www.acbar.org/articles/375/statement-by-acbar-on-suspension-of-women-staff-working-in-ngos-26-december-2022\n\nviii GiHA and Ground Truth Solutions, forthcoming\n\nix Gender in Humanitarian Action, _Gender Alert: Gender-related impacts of evictions of internally-displaced persons and destructions of_\n_informal settlements \u2013 focus on Badghis,_ 20 December 2022.\n\nx PIN for protection in 2023 is 20.3 million\n\nxi Afghanistan human rights and humanitarian crisis continues, urgent action necessary, says UN expert | OHCHR\n\nxii Anonymized\n\nxiii https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/af-Out-of-jobs_Out-of-poverty_Gender-Alert.pdf\n\nxiv Afghanistan Rapid Gender Analysis, GiHA\n\nxv Christopher Lehmann, _Justice Matters: A Status Report on Afghanistan Since the Taliban Takeover,_ _ILAC Rule of Law Report 2023,_ 11\nJanuary 2023, available at: https://ilacnet.org/new-ilac-report-surveys-justice-sector-under-taliban-rule-2/.\n\nxvi Christopher Lehmann, _Justice Matters: A Status Report on Afghanistan Since the Taliban Takeover,_ _ILAC Rule of Law Report 2023,_ 11\nJanuary 2023, available at: https://ilacnet.org/new-ilac-report-surveys-justice-sector-under-taliban-rule-2/.\n\nxvii https://www.care-international.org/sites/default/files/202208/Afghanistan%20Food%20Security%20Report_advocacy%20brief_August%202022.pdf\n\nxviii https://response.reliefweb.int/afganistan/humanitarian-access-snapshot\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nData from DRC, INTERSOS, IOM, IRC, NRC, Cordaid, AABRAR, DHSA/TKG and UNHCR (in partnership with WAW and ARAA)\nwhich include 39,000 (46% are female respondent) Household-level Surveys, 6,600 Key Informants Interviews (47% female\nKI) and a significant number of Focus Group Discussions in 21 provinces/143 districts\u2014have been used for this report.\nHowever, the protection cluster continues to face challenges in analysing the FGD data. Moreover, data on human rights\nviolations are not made available on a quarterly basis which leads to relying on anecdotal data and anonymized research.\nSensitivity around collecting data and requirement by authorities to accompany assessment limiting partners\u2019 capacity to\ngather quality information. The analysis is guided by the Global Protection Cluster Protection Analysis Framework (PAF).\nOther sources of data that are referenced include OCHA Displacement Trends, Humanitarian Access Snapshot, GiHA report\non female aid workers\u2019 ban, MRM TF and UNHCR CFM (Complaints and Feedback Mechanism). Protection cluster lacks\nwith human resources to conduct in-depth analysis among provinces on the trend and analysis of FGD data.\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **Matho Nianga Dore doren@unhcr.org** and **Archuthan Amir**\n\n**archuthan.amir@nrc.no**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household-level Surveys", - "confidence": 0.5464754700660706, - "start": 264, - "end": 266 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Christopher Lehmann", - "confidence": 0.8164197206497192, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9613815546035767, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9713922142982483, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD data", - "confidence": 0.6057264804840088, - "start": 313, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6092826724052429, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6399582028388977, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c3b9636-b9d6-4280-8835-bc276892c92a/230306_AFG_Protection%20Analysis%20Updates%20February%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_630/raw/doc_630_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_630/raw/doc_630_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 49c89c63de00f4b2eaacf47a4ccd45c949801956..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_630/raw/doc_630_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Overview of Protection Risks in the Sa\u2019ada Hub**\n\n**Jan - June (2024)**\n\n\n**Overview:** The humanitarian situation in Sa\u2019ada hub remains in a dire need for assistance and support.\nThe situation of IDPs remains challenging, especially in hard-to-reach areas where IDPs lack the basic\nneeds as IDPs often no longer have means of supporting themselves or any source of income that would\nallow them to provide for their families aside from what they can sometimes earn via daily labor. The\nreduction in humanitarian assistance, such as food, NFIs, ESKs, and Cash, has made their lives even more\ndifficult. In addition, IDPs suffer greatly from climate-induced phenomena that intermittently affect their\nmakeshift shelters and expose them to additional protection risks. As such, heavy rains and torrents have\nbeen causing significant damages to shelter at IDPs sites.\n\n\nIn the areas of Sa\u2019ada that share a border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the situation remains\ntense and volatile. Artillery bombardments, unfortunately, continue to occur intermittently. These\nsporadic yet devastating attacks have led to a significant number of civilian casualties including African\nmigrants, with many innocent lives lost and numerous individuals sustaining injuries.\n\n\n**Key Figures Summarizing Protection Risks (January-April)** :\n\n\n - **Landmine and UXO Incidents** :\n\n\n`o` 3 incidents reported.\n\n\n`o` 12 injuries (including three children).\n\n\n - **HLP-Related Risks (Evictions)** :\n\n\n`o` 462 families at risk of eviction were identified.\n\n\n`o` 110 cases of eviction risk in Sa\u2019adah and 351 in Al-jawf.\n\n\n - **Psychological and Emotional Distress** :\n\n\n`o` 358 individuals identified with psychological issues.\n\n\n`o` 76 cases in Sa\u2019adah.\n\n\n`o` 282 cases in Al-jawf.\n\n\n - **Lack of Civil Documentation** :\n\n\n`o` 1500 cases needing legal documentation Sa\u2019adah and in Al-jawf.\n\n\n`o` 119 cases in Sa\u2019adah were supported.\n\n\n`o` 37 cases in Al-Jawf were supported.\n\n\n - **Specific Risks to Women and Girls (GBV)** :\n\n\n`o` 37 GBV cases identified and assisted.\n\n\n`o` 25 cases in Sa\u2019adah.\n\n\n`o` 12 cases in Al-Jawf.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5d3770d-edce-4d8d-8946-f3db2c3f0ff0/Sa%27da%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Risks**\n\n\n**1. Threats to Life, Safety, and Security (Landmines)**\n\n\n**Districts** : Vicinities of dynamic hostilities Mainly Al-Hazm district, Al-Jawf Governorate.\n**Main Agents Responsible** : Conflict parties\n\n\n**Incident Summary** :\nSa\u2019ada hub is considered as a common route for people on the move to pass through, heading towards\nthe KSA. The reporting period showed that shelling had impacted the civilian population at the borders,\nincluding migrants from Eastern Africa trying to cross the border to KSA. Also, many landmines were\nplanted by parties to the conflict in Al-Jawf Governorate in the past few years which continues to be a\nserious threat to lives of many civilians, particularly children and women. Other remnants of war are\nalso widespread in most areas, requiring an urgent intervention.\n\n\n**Response Activities** :\nVictim assistance and mine risk education have been crucial in mitigating the impact of landmines.\nSpecific incidents include:\n\n\n - The protection partner YARD referred three women affected by landmines in Al-Hazm District, in\nAl-Jawf, after responding with immediate physical and emotional support to them and their\nchildren mainly on the safety of these women and children. Therefore, the affected cases were\nimmediately referred to Al-Hazem Hospital in Al-Jawf and being added to the cash assistance list.\n\n\n**Gaps** : The lack of protection actors who support these UXO and mine victims remains a serious gap, with\nthe only project supporting victims (DRC) now running out of funds while facing an increasing number of\ncases.\n\n\n**2. HLP-Related Risks (Evictions)**\n\n\n**Districts** : Al-Hazm, Al-Jawf Governorate.\n**Main Agents Responsible** : Land/house lords\n\n\n**Incident Summary** :\nHousing, Land, and Property (HLP) risks including evictions and eviction threats are increasingly reported\nas landlords wish to invest in their lands; similarly, the Government wants to renovate the public\nfacilities where IDP families reside, such as schools, etc. Evictions and eviction threats are frequently\nreported mainly in Sa\u2019adah and Al-Jawf. Also, over 50 individual eviction cases have been reported in Al\nHazam district Al-jawf, YARD IMT responded to the affected.\n\n\n**Response Activities** :\nLegal mediation and cash assistance have been provided to families at risk of eviction to help them stay\nin their homes. These interventions have been vital in preventing homelessness and further distress\namong affected families.\n\n\n - In January, after the assessment in Al Hazam district Al-Jawf, YARD Integrated Mobile Team (IMT)\nresponded to three rental emergency cases during the reporting period. YARD IMTs provided legal\ncounselling as well as Emergency Cash Assistance (ECA).\n\n\n - In February, after the assessment in Sa\u2019adah City district, Sa'adah, YDF IMT responded to 15 rental\nemergency cases during the reporting period. YDF IMTs provided legal counselling as well as\nEmergency Cash Assistance (ECA).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5d3770d-edce-4d8d-8946-f3db2c3f0ff0/Sa%27da%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - In April, after the assessment in Al Hazam district, YARD IMT responded to 17 rental emergency\ncases during the reporting period. YARD IMTs provided legal counselling as well as Emergency\nCash Assistance (ECA).\n\n\n**Gaps** : The gap of HLP WG coordination remains in the hub. Also, individual cases at imminent eviction\nrisk have been frequently reported with limited capacity of response.\n\n\n**3. Protracted and Multiple Displacement**\n\n\n**Districts** : Al-Hazm, Al-Jawf Governorate.\n**Protection Risk** : New displacements caused - Lack of livelihood opportunities due to conflict.\n\n\n**Incident Summary** :\nAfter nine years of conflict and due to harsh living condition, some families see themselves forced to\nmove from a place to another with a hope to settle somewhere more peaceful with livelihood\nopportunities and basic services. Also, it is noticed that IDP families seldomly return back to their areas\nof origin as basic services are not exist meanwhile gaps of the humanitarian response are not address.\nMoreover, new displacement due to tribal conflict was also reported.\n\n\n - In Jan, five families were displaced from Khab wa Al Sa'af due to tribal conflicts as they were\nforcibly expelled from their original homeland.\n\n\n - In Feb, four families were displaced from Khab wa Al Sa'af due to tribal conflicts as they were\nforcibly expelled from their original homeland.\n\n\n - In April, five families were displaced from Khab wa Al Sa'af due to tribal conflicts as they were\nforcibly expelled from their original homeland.\n\n\n**Response Activities** :\nRapid Protection Assessment along with Psychological First Aid (PFA) and psychosocial support (PSS)\nhave been provided through mobile teams. External referrals to Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM)\nteam have also been made to ensure comprehensive response.\n\n\n**4. Specific Risks to Women and Girls (GBV)**\n\n\n**Districts** : Khab Wa Al Sha'af, Al-Jawf Governorate.\n**Protection Risk** : Violence, abuse, and exploitation + Limitation of socio-economic opportunities ( e.g.\neducation - above 18 years old), movement, work & other income generation opportunities)\n\n\n**Incident Summary** :\nProtection cases related to girls and women remain severely underreported. Due to conservative values\nsystem and fear of stigma, families would not report incidents but rather deal with such cases\nthemselves without intervention and support from external actors.\n\n\nHowever, related concerns such as lack of privacy and discrimination were reported. For instance, lack of\nschools offering education for female, high school in particular. The lack of female specific toilet creates\nfurther protection risks concerns for girls.\n\n\nThe absence of a health center in some areas creates a critical gap in accessing essential medical\nservices for women and girls. This includes consultations, treatment for illness, and most importantly,\nsafe and qualified supervision for childbirth. Currently, the community relies on elderly women for\nchildbirth, which poses potential health risks for both mothers and newborns. Putting the lives of entire\ncommunities at risk. The burden of healthcare and childcare expenses impacts women due to existing\neconomic challenges as the limited financial resources make it difficult to afford the cost.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5d3770d-edce-4d8d-8946-f3db2c3f0ff0/Sa%27da%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Response Activities** :\n\n\n - To limit protection risks and promote girls' education, four schools will be equipped with\ngender-separate restrooms.\n\n\n - Al-Damana and Al-Hasiyat Schools will undergo renovations to lessen the walking distance for\nfemale students and enhancing their overall accessibility.\n\n\n - In May, four schools received new classrooms equipped with student desks and chairs, along\nwith essential teaching tools like whiteboards.\n\n\n**Gaps** : There are still limited integrated protection with education and health projects in light of the\nnumber of schools requiring interventions as well as lack of health centers in remote areas.\n\n\n**Overall Recommendations**\n\n\n1. **Enhance Comprehensive Victim Assistance** :\n\n\n`o` Expand victim assistance and mine risk education initiatives to reduce the impact of\n\nlandmines and UXOs particularly in Al-Jawf.\n\n\n2. **Expand HLP Services** :\n\n\n`o` Support in providing HLP services to IDP sites at risk of eviction within the Sa\u2019adah hub \u2013\n\nidentify HLP Focal point.\n\n\n`o` Continue legal mediation and cash assistance to prevent evictions, ensuring that more\n\nfamilies receive the support they need.\n\n\n3. **Enhance Support for Women and Girls** :\n\n\n`o` Expand integrated Protection projects with Education and Health to address these\n\nneeds and mitigate protection risks encountered by women and girls accessing\neducation and health services.\n\n\nThese narrative highlights response activities, identifies existing capacities and gaps, and provides\nactionable recommendations for addressing the protection risks in Sa\u2019adah and Al-Jawf governorates\nmore effectively.\n\n\n_______________________________________END_____________________________________\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5d3770d-edce-4d8d-8946-f3db2c3f0ff0/Sa%27da%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_631/raw/doc_631_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_631/raw/doc_631_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2f30c36f17cd701cb62c16b5509db0d4a741e102..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_631/raw/doc_631_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Overview of Protection Risks in the Sana'a Hub**\n\n**Jan - June (2024)**\n\n\nThe Sana'a Hub, encompassing several districts in Yemen, faces an intricate web of protection risks\nexacerbated by ongoing conflict, economic instability, and inadequate infrastructure. The presence of\nunexploded ordnance (UXOs), widespread landmine contamination, and frequent evictions pose\nsignificant threats to the safety and well-being of the region's inhabitants. Internally displaced persons\n(IDPs), returnees, and vulnerable populations such as persons with disabilities (PWDs) and children are\nparticularly at risk. The challenges are compounded by barriers to accessing essential services, including\nhealthcare, rehabilitation, and legal assistance. Discrimination and lack of awareness further hinder\neffective support for these groups. Despite the concerted efforts of various organizations to provide\nemergency assistance, legal support, and psychological services, persistent gaps highlight the need for\ncontinued and enhanced interventions to effectively address these multifaceted protection challenges.\n\n\n**Key Figures Summarizing Critical Protection Risks**\n\n\n - **99 households** facing multiple vulnerabilities, including forced eviction, chronic diseases, rental\naccumulation, and food insecurity.\n\n\n - **Several civilians**, including children, severely injured by landmines requiring life-saving medical\ninterventions.\n\n\n - **2520 households** received eviction notices due to accumulated rent arrears.\n\n\n - **40% of households** in flood-affected areas headed by women, compounding their challenges.\n\n\n - **30 emergency rental assistance cases** distributed to vulnerable individuals.\n\n\n**Comprehensive Narrative on Conflict and Assistance in Yemen's Sana'a Region**\n\n\nThe Marib Governorate's Sirwah district became the site of a tragic incident underscoring the persistent\ndangers posed by unexploded ordnance (UXOs). Four heads of internally displaced persons (IDP) families,\nincluding three from Hodeidah and one from Marib, were working as daily wage laborers on a farm in AlRubiah village. One of the men encountered an unfamiliar object, which detonated despite warnings from\nhis companions. The explosion inflicted severe injuries on all four men, resulting in amputations and\ncritical internal injuries. Tragically, one of the injured succumbed to his injuries in the ICU at Al-Jumhuri\nHospital in Sana\u2019a City.\n\n\nThe protection cluster partner, YGUSSWP, responded swiftly. They visited the victims and partnered with\nprotection agencies funded by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Three of\nthe injured men were referred to the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) for medical services, psychological\nsupport (PSS), and legal assistance. This incident highlighted the urgent need for increased UXO clearance\noperations and awareness campaigns to prevent further tragedies.\n\n\nIn another part of Sana'a Governorate, in the Nihm district, a returnee head of a family encountered a\nsimilar fate. While walking home after work in the Baran area, he encountered remnants of war that\nexploded, causing severe shrapnel injuries and necessitating the amputation of his right leg. He was\ntransferred to Al-Jumhuri Hospital in Sana\u2019a for treatment. The YGUSSWP team assessed his needs and\nprovided emergency cash assistance (ECA) and psychological first aid (PFA) services, underscoring the\nneed for better medical response capabilities and support systems for those injured by war remnants.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/253b8d92-0dd9-4c4f-88b3-b2e8627dc2fd/Sana%27a%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the Bani Hushaysh district of Sana'a, a family displaced from Madghal Al-Jadaan in Marib faced a dire\nsituation. They moved to the Shibam Al-Gharass IDP site in Al-Malika area, living in open conditions with\neight children at risk. One of the children, a girl, was suffering from cancer in her hand. The YGUSSWP\nteam assessed their needs and referred them to the Balad Foundation for Development (BFD), providing\nthem with an RRM bag and psychological support. Follow-up efforts are in place to secure emergency\nshelter kits (ESK) from UNHCR, highlighting the ongoing need for long-term support for displaced families.\n\n\nIn the Amanat Al-Asimah Governorate, significant efforts were made to address housing, land, and\nproperty (HLP) risks, particularly in seven districts. Here,358 households faced multiple vulnerabilities,\nincluding forced eviction, chronic diseases, rental accumulation, and food insecurity. The Sustainable\nDevelopment Foundation (SDF) conducted assessments and provided HLP-specific legal assistance and\nemergency cash assistance to avert eviction cases. These efforts, which began at the end of February,\nwere initially delayed due to project agreement formalities, illustrating the need for streamlined project\nprocesses to better support at-risk households.\n\n\nAlso, to address the documentation issues face by many cases majority of them are women HHs, the\npartners, SDF, YGUSSWP, and YRCs, successfully delivered cash-for-ID services to 296 IDP HHs in the Sana'a\nhub. This intervention provided vital identification documents to vulnerable individuals, ensuring their\naccess to essential services and humanitarian assistance\n\n\nIn Al Bayda's Az Zahir and As Sawadiyah districts, the menace of landmines continued to wreak havoc.\nSeveral civilians, including children, were severely injured and required life-saving medical interventions.\nThese victims were transferred to hospitals in Al Bayda and Rada\u2019a under the support of the DRC. However,\nthe lack of complementary service providers in these areas remains a critical gap, emphasizing the need\nfor increased service availability and landmine awareness campaigns.\n\n\nSana'a and Amanat Al-Asimah also grappled with eviction risks for refugees and asylum seekers due to\naccumulated rent. The worsening economic conditions and lack of job opportunities forced many out of\ntheir accommodations and into the streets. Protection monitors were dispatched to conduct rapid\nassessments and verifications, leading to the provision of ECA upon UNHCR approval. Despite these\nefforts, many cases reported that the cash assistance provided was insufficient to cover their accumulated\nrent. There is a pressing need to negotiate rent caps for these vulnerable groups with local authorities to\nprevent further evictions.\n\n\nIn Amanat Asimah, persons with disabilities (PWDs) and other vulnerable groups faced significant barriers\nin accessing rehabilitation and health services. These barriers included financial constraints,\ntransportation issues, and physical inaccessibility at health facilities. Efforts to provide rehab services and\nimprove physical accessibility are ongoing, but there is a lack of awareness about available referral\nservices. A task force has been activated to address these issues from June 2023 to June 2025, aiming to\nenhance awareness and accessibility.\n\n\nDiscrimination from service providers also posed a significant challenge in Amanat Asima. PWDs were\noften excluded from services such as WASH and shelter in IDP camps due to discrimination and lack of\nawareness. To combat this, efforts are being made to raise awareness about PWD rights at community\nlevels and among service providers. However, these interventions are limited by budget constraints and\ngeographical coverage, necessitating expanded interventions and budget allocations for PWD support.\n\n\nThe ongoing efforts by various organizations to provide emergency assistance, legal support, and\npsychological services are crucial, but the persistent gaps highlight the need for continued and enhanced\nsupport to address these protection challenges effectively.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/253b8d92-0dd9-4c4f-88b3-b2e8627dc2fd/Sana%27a%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key Figures and Assistance Provided**\n\n\n - **UXO and Landmine Risks** :\n\n\n`o` UXO incidents resulted in severe injuries, amputations, and fatalities.\n\n\n`o` In Sirwah district, 4 IDP family heads were injured, 1 fatally.\n\n\n`o` In Nihm district, a returnee suffered a leg amputation due to UXO explosion.\n\n\n - **Emergency Response and Support** :\n\n\n`o` **YGUSSWP** : Immediate response to UXO incidents, providing ECA, PFA, and referrals to\n\nDRC for medical services and PSS.\n\n\n`o` **DRC** : Medical services, PSS, and legal assistance.\n\n\n`o` **Bena\u2019a Foundation for Development (BFD)** : Provided RRM bags and ongoing support for\n\ndisplaced families.\n\n\n`o` **Sustainable Development Foundation (SDF)** : HLP-specific legal assistance and Cash for\n\nProtection/ECA to avert evictions.\n\n\n`o` **UNHCR** : Funded protection agencies to conduct protection monitoring, rapid\n\nassessments and cash assistance for various cases. and approved emergency cash\nassistance for various cases.\n\n\n - **Eviction and Housing Risks** :\n\n\n`o` In Amanat Al-Asimah,Amran and Sana\u2019a **2520** households faced eviction risks and\n\nreceived HLP-specific legal assistance.\n\n\n`o` In Sana'a and Amanat Al-Asimah, eviction threats due to unpaid rents impacted refugees\n\nand asylum seekers as well as IDPs.\n\n\n`o` Legal assistance, consultations, and mediation services provided to stabilize housing\n\nsituations.\n\n\n - **Challenges for PWDs and Vulnerable Groups** :\n\n\n`o` Significant barriers to accessing rehabilitation and healthcare services due to financial\n\nconstraints and physical inaccessibility.\n\n\n`o` Discrimination from service providers and lack of awareness of PWD rights.\n\n\n`o` Task force activated to address accessibility and raise awareness from June 2023 to June\n\n2025.\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n1. **Enhance UXO Clearance and Risk Education** : Intensify efforts to clear UXOs and educate\n\ncommunities about the dangers, aiming to prevent further casualties.\n\n\n2. **Strengthen Legal Assistance and Emergency Cash Support** : Expand support for households facing\n\neviction threats, ensuring timely and adequate assistance.\n\n\n3. **Improve Service Accessibility for PWDs** : Address institutional and physical barriers, and enhance\n\nawareness about available services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/253b8d92-0dd9-4c4f-88b3-b2e8627dc2fd/Sana%27a%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. **Ensure Timely Project Agreements** : Streamline processes to avoid delays in critical protection\n\nactivities.\n\n\n5. **Provide Comprehensive Support for Displaced Families** : Secure long-term assistance for\n\ndisplaced families and medical support for those with serious health conditions.\n\n\n6. **Negotiate Affordable Rent Rates** : Work with local authorities to set affordable rent rates for\n\nvulnerable groups to prevent evictions.\n\n\n7. **Expand Interventions for PWDs** : Increase budget allocations and geographical coverage to better\n\nsupport PWDs.\n\n\n8. **Raise Awareness About PWD Rights** : Educate communities and service providers about the rights\n\nof PWDs to reduce discrimination and improve access to services.\n\n\nThis report emphasizes key figures, incidents, response activities, and gaps while providing actionable\nrecommendations to address the protection risks in Sana'a hub effectively.\n\n\n_______________________________________END_____________________________________\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/253b8d92-0dd9-4c4f-88b3-b2e8627dc2fd/Sana%27a%20Mid%20Year%20Protection%20Report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_632/raw/doc_632_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_632/raw/doc_632_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 163c13fec91d7055e3660c95e6b6dd238d74082f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_632/raw/doc_632_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Sans d\u00e9fense**\n#### Analyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023\n### Synth\u00e8se\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Synth\u00e8se\n\nEn 2023, les besoins humanitaires ont atteint un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en raison de la\nmultiplication des conflits arm\u00e9s, d\u2019un nombre record de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, et de\nl\u2019augmentation des situations d\u2019urgence d\u00e9coulant de la crise climatique et de la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des\ncatastrophes naturelles. \u00c0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, 363 millions de personnes avaient besoin d\u2019une\naide humanitaire, dont 245 millions cibl\u00e9es par les plans de r\u00e9ponse coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU, soit une\nhausse de 7 % par rapport aux donn\u00e9es initiales de l\u2019Aper\u00e7u de la situation humanitaire mondiale de\n2023. Cette amplification des crises a entra\u00een\u00e9 une hausse des besoins de financement humanitaire,\n\u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 56,7 milliards de dollars fin de 2023. Malgr\u00e9 des niveaux de financement historiquement\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s, les appels coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU n\u2019ont pu obtenir qu\u2019un taux de financement de 43 %, le\nniveau le plus faible jamais enregistr\u00e9. Le poids de cet \u00e9cart de financement sera support\u00e9 par les\nenfants, qui sont les premi\u00e8res victimes des crises humanitaires.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les besoins en mati\u00e8re de protection de l\u2019enfance et de financement ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 cro\u00eetre en\n2023. Au total, les appels \u00e0 financement coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU pour couvrir les besoins de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance ont atteint 1,5 milliard de dollars. Cette somme comprenait un milliard de\ndollars pour les Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH) et 422 millions pour les Plans de r\u00e9ponse pour\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR). La protection de l\u2019enfance repr\u00e9sentait 2,5 % du total des besoins pour les PRH,\navec certes de grandes variations entre les diff\u00e9rents plans de r\u00e9ponse.\n\n\nAu total, on note en 2023 un\nfinancement \u00e0 hauteur de 505\nmillions de dollars pour la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 vis\u00e9e\nhumanitaire, dont 412 millions\nvia les appels coordonn\u00e9s\npar l\u2019ONU. L\u2019am\u00e9lioration des\nrapports du Service de suivi des\nfinancements (appel\u00e9 FTS) et du\nSuivi du financement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(appel\u00e9 RFT) a permis d\u2019augmenter\nla visibilit\u00e9 du financement de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance. Malgr\u00e9\ncertaines hausses, la protection\nde l\u2019enfance dans des contextes\n\nfinanc\u00e9e, avec une couverture de\nfinancement moyenne de 29,2 %, contre 46,9 % pour le total des PRH. Dans des contextes li\u00e9s\naux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la couverture de financement moyenne pour la protection de l\u2019enfance \u00e9tait de 30,8 %,\nproche du taux de financement global de la r\u00e9ponse dans le domaine des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (31,5 %).\n\n\nLes disparit\u00e9s entre les taux de financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance selon les diff\u00e9rentes\nR\u00e9ponses, ainsi que les variations au fil du temps, ont affect\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre des programmes coh\u00e9rents et de qualit\u00e9, conformes\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Analyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fig.3 - Financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans les Plans de r\u00e9ponse nationaux et\nr\u00e9gionaux pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Source : RFT) [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n|Soudan Soudan du Sud Ouganda Soudan RRP|12.0 9% 9.9 2% 18.8 12%|\n|---|---|\n|Tchad
Soudan du Sud

RRP|4.3
14%
9.9
2%|\n|\u00c9thiopie|1.8
4%|\n\n\n|Tchad \u00c9thiopie Rwanda Soudan du Sud Ouganda Soudan RRP RD Congo RRP|4.3 14% 1.8 4% 2.3 42% 9.9 2% 14.7 12%|\n|---|---|\n|Rwanda
Tanzanie
RRP|2.3
42%
1.4
38%|\n|Soudan|12.0
9%|\n\n\n\u00c9thiopie 11.1 27%\n\n\nJordanie 28.8 49%\n\n\n\nMilliards (USD) 20 60\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Note : ceci combine les PRR r\u00e9gionaux et nationaux, sur la base des donn\u00e9es disponibles.\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les agences de l\u2019ONU et les ONG internationales\nont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 percevoir la grande majorit\u00e9 des\nfinancements humanitaires de la protection de\nl\u2019enfance. Seuls 2 % des financements de la protection\nde l\u2019enfance contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par le FTS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 allou\u00e9s\ndirectement \u00e0 des organisations locales. Si une\naugmentation du financement direct et qualitatif est vitale\npour renforcer le r\u00f4le et la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs locaux\net nationaux de la protection de l\u2019enfance, les limites des\nm\u00e9canismes de rapport actuels rendent le contr\u00f4le difficile.\n\nDans l\u2019ensemble, si les financements pour la protection de\n\ngrandement sous-financ\u00e9 par rapport aux autres secteurs\nhumanitaires. Dans les contextes li\u00e9s aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les PRR sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral moins bien financ\u00e9s que les\nPRH, ce qui se traduit par un niveau similaire de sous-financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance.\n\nL\u2019am\u00e9lioration des outils de rapport et une meilleure visibilit\u00e9 du financement constituent ind\u00e9niablement\ndes avanc\u00e9es. Cependant, il reste difficile de s\u00e9curiser des ressources constantes et ad\u00e9quates pour tout\nun \u00e9ventail d\u2019acteurs de la protection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents contextes humanitaires, ce qui force\nle secteur humanitaire \u00e0 cibler ses actions dans un contexte de financement restreint, appel\u00e9 \u00e0 perdurer\nen 2024.\n\n## Recommandations\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## \u00c0 propos du rapport\n\nCe cinqui\u00e8me rapport, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par l\u2019Alliance pour la Protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire,\nSave the Children, le HCR et le Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 mondial de la protection de l\u2019enfance, analyse\nle financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023. Il met en lumi\u00e8re les\ninsuffisances du financement et les \u00e9carts entre les diff\u00e9rents Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH) et\nPlans de r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionaux pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR), soulignant le besoin d\u2019un financement \u00e9quitable et\nqualitatif. Le rapport propose \u00e9galement des recommandations strat\u00e9giques pour am\u00e9liorer le financement\net \u00e9tayer les politiques et les pratiques traitant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des enfants. En soutenant les\nactions de plaidoyer et en poussant pour la reconnaissance des responsabilit\u00e9s, cette s\u00e9rie de rapports\nvise \u00e0 s\u2019assurer que les enfants en situation de crise humanitaire re\u00e7oivent les services de protection\nessentiels dont ils ont besoin.\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tude s\u2019appuie principalement sur le Service de suivi financier (FTS) du Bureau de la coordination des\naffaires humanitaires de l\u2019ONU, dont la mission est d\u2019assurer le suivi des financements humanitaires\ninternationaux, notamment dans des secteurs sp\u00e9cifiques comme la protection de l\u2019enfance. Le FTS\na \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9 pour pouvoir proposer des donn\u00e9es plus pr\u00e9cises et granulaires, dont des donn\u00e9es\nsur le financement de secteurs sp\u00e9cifiques dans le cadre de programmes multisectoriels. Toutefois, le\nFTS n\u2019identifie pas totalement les donn\u00e9es de financement pour les R\u00e9ponses nationales et r\u00e9gionales\nd\u00e9di\u00e9es aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Pour int\u00e9grer cette question, le rapport utilise \u00e9galement des donn\u00e9es du Suivi du\nfinancement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (RFT), pilot\u00e9 par le HCR, ainsi que des donn\u00e9es fournies par le HCR directement.\nL\u2019analyse englobe 26 Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH), le Plan de r\u00e9ponse conjoint pour les Rohingyas\nau Bangladesh, le Plan r\u00e9gional d\u2019aide pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les migrants du Venezuela et 17 plans nationaux\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s regroup\u00e9s au sein de cinq Plans de r\u00e9ponse pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR). Les besoins de\nfinancement de la protection de l\u2019enfance et les fonds re\u00e7us ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide des donn\u00e9es du FTS\net du RFT, ce qui permet d\u2019offrir un aper\u00e7u global tout en \u00e9vitant les doublons dans le calcul. Toutes les\ndonn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es dans le rapport sont exactes en date du 9 juillet 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f449e4eb-cc8f-43ce-9a6b-47a357dc00a0/Sans%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%20Analyse%20du%20financement%20de%20la%20protection%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20dans%20l%E2%80%99action%20humanitaire%20en%202023%20%28Synth%C3%A8se%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_633/raw/doc_633_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_633/raw/doc_633_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9bfef482367ebb999476a98b0023fa2b585b7ff6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_633/raw/doc_633_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,415 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Population** **Data Analysis**\n\n#### **Regional Bureau** **for Southern Africa**\n\n**September 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Po pulation Data Analysis \u2013September 2023
Overview
At the end of September 2023, Southern Africa hosts arou
mandate to protect. They include 776,000 refugees, 2
concern, 7 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) indu
noted that 700 refugees and 1.4 million IDPs have returne
million people displaced as a result of climate change and
increase in the number of conflict induced IDPs by 339
Republic of Congo (DRC) hosts 85 per cent of the popula|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Population Data Analysis \u2013September 2023


Overview
At the end of September 2023, Southern Africa hosts arou
**mandate to protect**. They include 776,000 refugees, 2
concern, 7 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) indu
noted that 700 refugees and 1.4 million IDPs have returne
million people displaced as a result of climate change and
increase in the number of conflict induced IDPs by 339
**Republic of Congo (DRC) hosts 85 per cent of the popula**|nd**9.3 million people that UNHCR has the**
04,000 asylum-seekers, 32,800 others of
ced by conflicts. To that figures, it should be
d during the reporting period. In addition, 1
disaster. The most significant change is the
,000 since August 2023.**The Democratic**
** tion in the region**.|\n\n\nRefugees, Asylum-Seekers and Others of Concern\n\n\nThere are **1 million refugees, asylum-seekers and others of concern** hosted in the region and 75 per\ncent originate from countries outside Southern Africa region. [1] The top five countries of origin are: Central\nAfrican Republic (246,500), Rwanda (238,400), Democratic Republic of the Congo (221,900), Burundi\n(88,300) and South Sudan (53,500).\n\nInternally Displaced Persons (IDPs)\n\n\nIn the Southern Africa region, **87 per cent of the internally displacements is caused by conflicts** . Around\n1.4 million individuals returned from internal displacement in DRC and Mozambique due to durable\nsolutions. IDPs induced by conflicts are reported in DRC and Mozambique, and IDPs induced by disaster\nare reported in DRC, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.\n\nDurable solutions\n\n\nSince January this year 8,400 persons have been voluntarily repatriated. This number includes 690\nrepatriated within Southern Africa and 7,700 to countries outside the region. The largest group of returns\nwas from DRC to Burundi with 4,520 individuals and within the region 440 from Zambia to DRC. By the\nend of September, 1,800 cases involving 7,900 persons have been submitted for resettlement. The\nUnited States leads with 6,800 submitted cases members, other countries include Canada (340),\nAustralia (310), Finland (230), New Zealand (130) and France (70). Total submitted cases represents 91%\nof the quota.\n\n\n\nThe highest number of\nresettlement case members\n\nindividuals. A total of 2,900\npersons departed from the\nregion and 79 per cent were\n\n79 per cent of total resettlement\n\nNamibia South Africa Zimbabwe Malawi Zambia\n\ndepartures. DRC remains the\n\nSubmitted case members Departure case members\n\ncountry of origin with the\n\nFigure 1: Top 5 submitted and departed case members by country of asylum. highest number of resettlement\n\ncases for both submissions\n(82%) and departures (62%) of\nall cases. With respect to country of asylum, Zambia leads with 2,410 resettlement case submissions and\n750 departures followed closely by Malawi, Zimbabwe, Namibia and others for submissions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNamibia South Africa Zimbabwe Malawi Zambia\n\n\n\nSubmitted case members Departure case members\n\n\n\nFigure 1: Top 5 submitted and departed case members by country of asylum.\n\n\n\n1 Southern Africa region refers to the 16 countries covered by the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of UNHCR including Angola (AGO),\nBotswana (BWA), Comoros (COM), Congo (COG), DRC (COD) Eswatini (SWZ), Lesotho (LSO), Madagascar (MDG), Malawi (MWI), Mauritius (MUS),\nMozambique (MOZ), Namibia (NAM), Seychelles (SYC), South Africa (ZAF), Zambia (ZMB) and Zimbabwe (ZWE).\n\n\nUNHCR/May 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "KEY FIGURES\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST**\n\nAs of 30 September 2023\n\n\nMAP OF POPULATIONS THAT UNHCR IS MANDATED TO PROTECT AND ASSIST\n\n\n**517,556** **REF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**4,763** **ASY**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ndo not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations\n\n\n\nMalawi (659,278), The Democratic Republic of the Congo (256,188), Mozambique (41,668) and\nZimbabwe (41,535).\n\n\n\n\n\n**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source: REF, ASY, OOC, RET** (UNHCR PRIMES, Government); **IDP DRC** (OCHA); IDP Zimbabwe & Mozambique (IOM); **IDP ROC** (Government, Ministry of Social Affairs and Humanitarian Action (MASAH).\n\n\n** REF = Refugee; ASY = Asylum-seeker; OOC = Other person of concern; RET = Returnee DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo ROC = Repulic of the Congo IDP = Internal Displaced Person IDP CFI = Conflic-induced IDPs IDP RET = Returned IDPs\n\n\n\nDate of creation : As of 30 September 2023\n\n\nFor more information visit: UNHCR Data Portal\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN 2023 CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 September 2023\n\n\n\nCUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS KEY FIGURES*\n\n2,554 851 758 945\n\n\n\nMAP OF CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVED 20 REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS OR MORE\n\n\n\n**Inward movements**\n**into the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 68)**\n\n\n\n**Outward movements**\n**from the region since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 110)**\n\n\n\n**Total cross border**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 331)**\n\n\n\n**Intra region**\n**movements since**\n**January (Current**\n**month = 153)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAGES, GENDER AND LEGAL STATUS OF MOVERS **\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**SSD**\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**SOM**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n\n**724**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**533**\n\n\n\n\n\n**178**\n\n\n**132**\n\n\n\n\n|0 COD 601
UGA 592
ZMB 242
MWI 224
MOZ 184|COD
ZMB 392
UGA 311
ZAF 244
MWI 197|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**0**
**601**
**592**
**242**
**224**
**184**
**COD**
**UGA**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**MOZ**|**392**
**311**
**244**
**197**
**COD**
**ZMB**
**UGA**
**ZAF**
**MWI**||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact\nUNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n|CUMULATIVE CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS TREND PER YEAR AND PR|OPORTIONS SINCE 2019
Inward
movements
Intra region
25% movements
48%
Outward
movements
28%
shown are restricted only to movements of a minimum group pe
sylum, due to the change of nationality of some PoCs, country of o
the Congo , COG = Republic of the Congo, SSD- South Sudan, KE|\n|---|---|\n|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,554
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.
* REF = Refugee, ASY = Asylum-Seeker, OOC = Other person of concern
*** The flow**s**
country of a
Republic of|926
3,276
1,777
2,051
4,755
2,554
Before
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

* Figures have been revised in June by removing individuals found in
VolRep and Data Transfer Request.
* REF = Refugee, ASY = Asylum-Seeker, OOC = Other person of concern
*** The flow**s**
country of a
Republic of|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**2023 VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION**\n\n\nAs of 30 September 2023\n\n\nMAP OF VOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\nKEY FIGURES\n\n\n8,398\n\n\nTotal Individuals\nrepatriated since\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\n692 7,706\n\n\nIndividuals repatriated Individuals repatriated\n**within Southern Africa** **from Southern Africa**\n**Region** since January **Region** to other countries\n2023 outside of the region since\n\nJanuary 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Top 5: Country of Asylum** **Top 5: Country of Repatriation**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**4,689**\n\n\n\n**BDI**\n\n\n**CAF**\n\n\n**RWA**\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**COG**\n\n\n\n**COD**\n\n\n**ZMB**\n\n\n**ZAF**\n\n\n**NAM**\n\n\n**MOZ**\n\n\n\n**7,499**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**444**\n\n\n**225**\n\n\n**96**\n\n\n**91**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n**1,591**\n\n\n**1,424**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**691**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVOLREP* WHERE THE FLOW INVOLVE 10 REFUGEES OR MORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**DRC**\n**7,498**\n\n\n**Zambia**\n**440**\n\n\n**South Africa**\n**225**\n**Namibia**\n**96**\n**Mozambique**\n**90**\n**Malawi**\n**38**\n\n\nTRENDS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMONTHLY REPATRIATION SINCE JANUARY**\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep\n\n\n**ANNUAL** **REPATRIATION** **SINCE** **2019**\n\n\n**21,089**\n**15,149**\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n*VolRep = Voluntary Repatriation, DRC = Democratic of Republic of the Congo, CAR = Central African Republic **Note: This VolRep Dashboard focus on organised and self-organized repatriation Source : UNHCR PRIMES Author : DIMA/RBSA Data sources: UNHCR PRIMES. For more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\nion\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VOLREP", - "confidence": 0.7413986921310425, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.7727207541465759, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7422853708267212, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6336192488670349, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.942905068397522, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VolRep", - "confidence": 0.7043105363845825, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Voluntary Repatriation", - "confidence": 0.6049928069114685, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DIMA/RBSA", - "confidence": 0.9681495428085327, - "start": 384, - "end": 387 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Democratic of Republic of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.6092724204063416, - "start": 353, - "end": 359 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6596159338951111, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESETTLEMENT KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases**\n\n1,807 7,901\n\n\n**Cases** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Active Cases***\n\n1,753 7,340\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Member by**\n**Country of Submission**\n\n\n\n653 2,880\n\n\n**Case** **Case Members**\n\n\n**Quota**\n\n8,642 91%\n\n\n**Allotcated Quota** **% of Submission vs Quota**\n\n**Balance (Quota/Submission) :** 741\n\n\n**Departure Cases by Age and Gender**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases***\n\n\n\nREGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA\n**REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS INVOLVED IN RESETTLEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\nAs of 30 September 2023\n\n\n**MOVEMENTS OF GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE RESETTLEMENT CASE MEMBERS**\n\n\nContry of Origin Country of Asylum Country of Resettlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**MAP OF THE DEPARTURES BY COUNTRY OF SUBMISSION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members** **Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Asylum** **by Top 10 Country of Asylum**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**750**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|ZMB 2,409 ZMB
MWI 2,399 ZWE
ZWE 1,279 ZAF
NAM 739 MWI
ZAF 550 MOZ
COD 304 NAM
MOZ 154 MAD
COG
BWA 20
COD|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**2,409**
**2,399**
**1,279**
**739**
**550**
**304**
**154**
**20**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**COD**
**MOZ**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**2,409**
**2,399**
**1,279**
**739**
**550**
**304**
**154**
**20**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**COD**
**MOZ**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**2,409**
**2,399**
**1,279**
**739**
**550**
**304**
**154**
**20**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**COD**
**MOZ**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**2,409**
**2,399**
**1,279**
**739**
**550**
**304**
**154**
**20**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**COD**
**MOZ**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n|**2,409**
**2,399**
**1,279**
**739**
**550**
**304**
**154**
**20**
**ZMB**
**MWI**
**ZWE**
**NAM**
**ZAF**
**COD**
**MOZ**
**BWA**
**ZMB**
**ZWE**
**ZAF**
**MWI**
**MOZ**
**NAM**
**MAD**
**COG**
**COD**||\n\n\n\n**Submitted Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n**Departure Cases Members**\n**by Top 10 Country of Origin**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Active Case and Case Member and Departure Case figures have been proportionned from PRIMES dataport as of 26 October / inforrmation not available on RSR site.\n\n\n\nData sources: UNHCR PRIMES, UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report.\nFor more information or to contribute, please contact UNHCR RBSA DIMA (rsarbdima@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Departure Cases by Age and Gender", - "confidence": 0.6433199644088745, - "start": 123, - "end": 129 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.7910020351409912, - "start": 141, - "end": 143 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7904412150382996, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS", - "confidence": 0.8860728740692139, - "start": 145, - "end": 148 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ZMB", - "confidence": 0.514214038848877, - "start": 791, - "end": 792 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ZMB", - "confidence": 0.5564923286437988, - "start": 1061, - "end": 1062 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRIMES dataport", - "confidence": 0.9082494974136353, - "start": 1384, - "end": 1386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Top 10 Country of Origin", - "confidence": 0.6142083406448364, - "start": 1346, - "end": 1351 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "26 October", - "confidence": 0.6547868847846985, - "start": 1388, - "end": 1390 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Resettlement Statistics Report", - "confidence": 0.8234249353408813, - "start": 1404, - "end": 1408 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR RBSA DIMA", - "confidence": 0.6156336665153503, - "start": 1418, - "end": 1421 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As of 30 September 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Forcibly displaced and returned persons in southern Africa, Data as of 30 September 2023*** - \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotes: The figures are subject to change; *IDPs by disaster are not included; **'Other' in the location refers to any known location other than camp or settlement sites, covering both urban and rural areas; the numbers in Nzakara, Wenze and Sidi in DRC are as of 31 May 2023; ***self-settled refers to the individuals without available information such as\ntheir names and locations, and their locations are categorised to be 'unknown'; those by location in Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe could be different from the numbers operation report due to inconsistency in proGres.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Internal Displaced Persons (IDPs) Registration in Southern Africa\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) exercise aimed to identify and profile internally displaced\npopulations for: a) an evidence-based strategic and operational discussions and decision-making\nbetween the government and humanitarian actors; b) better programme formulations; c) ensuring\naccountability and effective monitoring and evaluation; d) addressing protection, assistance and\nsolutions for concerned populations and e) ensure the integrity and prevent fraud when providing\nhumanitarian assistance. The pilot phase of the enrolment has reached 42,358 households, comprising\n164,121 individuals. The enrolment was conducted jointly with the DRC authorities (the National\nCommissioner for Refugees) and a local project partner, AIDES. UNHCR is discussing with the DRC\nauthority\u2019s capacity development and further expansion of the biometric enrolment in other provinces in\nthe DRC where displacements occur. The exercise contributes to strengthening the coordination efforts\nof humanitarian agencies in addressing data gaps on internally displaced populations in the country.\n\n\nIn response to Cyclone Fredy's impact on Malawi earlier this year, UNHCR in Malawi conducted a\nbiometric registration exercise for IDPs. The exercise commenced on March 29, 2023, and concluded\non June 3, 2023. A total of 12,480 IDPs were registered, out of the 20,000 IDPs initially targeted for the\nexercise. Additionally, socio-economic, and specific protection needs data were collected. This initiative\naimed to enhance the efficiency of cash-based interventions and other forms of assistance for Malawi's\nIDPs. In summary, this exercise enabled UNHCR Malawi to allocate resources effectively, ensuring\nassistance reached those most in need. The use of biometric data guaranteed that aid was distributed\nto the right individuals, preventing duplication or resource diversion.\n\n\nBoth exercises drew the conclusion that the use of PRIMES tools for IDP registration significantly\nimproved the delivery of assistance. Individual registration allowed for a more accurate assessment of\nfamily sizes. Without individual registration, only the self-declared family size would be considered, often\nresulting overestimations. Furthermore, the collection of biometric data greatly facilitated the\nimplementation of cash-based interventions.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric enrolment", - "confidence": 0.7107539772987366, - "start": 146, - "end": 148 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internal Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.8030334711074829, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric registration exercise", - "confidence": 0.829371452331543, - "start": 200, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malawi", - "confidence": 0.7716431021690369, - "start": 190, - "end": 191 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5536377429962158, - "start": 213, - "end": 214 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.5753467679023743, - "start": 174, - "end": 177 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric data", - "confidence": 0.8967928886413574, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP registration", - "confidence": 0.7778289318084717, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e63f29a1-e144-4222-922a-2720940f0bc3/Sep%202023%20RBSA%20Population%20Data%20Analysis.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_634/raw/doc_634_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_634/raw/doc_634_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d3d224042b3ad921292f9ce26605b7dcbd9c8e21..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_634/raw/doc_634_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Sharing and learning on inclusion of** **aging and disability in the Syrian crisis**\n## Introduction\n\nOver 9.3 million people have been affected by the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, [1] with some 2.8\nmillion seeking asylum in neighboring countries in the region and North Africa. [2] Host governments, as well as\nthe humanitarian community, have scaled up their response over the last two years to meet the evergrowing and complex needs of displaced populations both inside Syria and the region.\n\n\nResearch conducted by Help Age International (HAI) and Handicap International (HI) has identified that an\nestimated 22 percent of Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon have impairments. [3] Six percent have\nsevere impairment, which may have implications for their specific needs in situations of displacement.\nOlder persons constitute five percent of the Syrian community in host countries. [4] Some 58 percent of\nolder refugees were found to have at least one impairment, with the rate of severe impairment being\nalmost four times higher than in the overall refugee population. Findings from this research also\nhighlighted some of the challenges in accessing registration and basic services, as well as the\ninclusiveness of available ser-vices addressing these needs of the refugee community. [5]\n\n\nRecent assessments undertaken by the Women\u2019s Refugee Commission (WRC) and its partners in\nJordan and Lebanon have also shown that persons with disabilities have multiple unmet needs, which\ncross both medical and social dimensions. Factors such as type of disability, gender, access to\neducation, quality of shelter, family size and resources, and being in female-headed households, all\ncontribute to varying degrees of vulnerability to violence, abuse and exploitation, and require more\ncomprehensive and holistic assessment and interventions. [6]\n\n\nThere has been growing attention to the needs of per- sons with disabilities and older persons, and a\nvariety of initiatives have been conducted at country levels to raise awareness and capacity on disability\nand aging inclusion.\n\nOn 14th May 2014, UNHCR, Handicap International, HelpAge International and the Women\u2019s\nRefugee Com- mission convened and facilitated a one-day meeting in Amman, Jordan to:\n\n\n - Share **examples of disability and aging inclusion** from different countries involved in the\nSyrian crisis response;\n\n\n - Discuss ongoing **barriers and challenges** ; and\n\n\n - Explore **strategies to optimize capacity development, sharing and learning** across the sector\nas the crisis continues to evolve.\n\n\nThirty representatives of UN agencies, humanitarian organizations, aging and disability-related\nagencies - local and international actors from across the region - attended this meeting. This\ndocument summarizes the findings from this meeting with stakeholders, as well as the\nrecommendations for future capacity development.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research", - "confidence": 0.7104178071022034, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee community", - "confidence": 0.6482236385345459, - "start": 237, - "end": 239 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48eb4aa8-8ccf-3e1c-ab63-dccb94145e6b/Sharing-and-learning-on-inclusion-of-aging-and-disability-in-the-Syrian-crisis-ENGLISH-accessible.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ahmad, 13, was injured during a demonstration in Syria. Rebel fighters carried the boy across the border\nto hospital in Lebanon. He is recovering after losing his right lower leg. UNHCR /S. Malkawi\n\n## Key Findings\n\n#### Inclusion of aging and disability in current operations\n\n\nDuring the meeting, the following organizations shared their experiences in responding to the needs of\npersons with disabilities and older persons in the current Syrian response. These experiences included\nexamples of targeted actions, actions to promote mainstreaming, and collaborative advocacy. (See\ntable.)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48eb4aa8-8ccf-3e1c-ab63-dccb94145e6b/Sharing-and-learning-on-inclusion-of-aging-and-disability-in-the-Syrian-crisis-ENGLISH-accessible.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48eb4aa8-8ccf-3e1c-ab63-dccb94145e6b/Sharing-and-learning-on-inclusion-of-aging-and-disability-in-the-Syrian-crisis-ENGLISH-accessible.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "for knowledge exchange and to build technical capacity on older persons. In December 2013, CSA\norganized a symposium on older persons in emergencies that compiled and presented existing\ninformation, data and statistics that are currently available, and highlighted the needs of older persons in\nthe Syria crisis. At early stages of planning a humanitarian response, older persons need to be consulted\nto strengthen partnerships and collaborations for sharing and learning. CSA is working closely with\nseveral partners in Lebanon and the region, namely the Outreach and Practice Unit of the Faculty of\nHealth Sciences at the American University of Beirut and HelpAge International, to propose capacitybuilding programs on older people-inclusive programming for humanitarian response and to establish and\nsupport a network of older people-inclusive resource persons in the region.\n\n#### Group discussions on capacity development\n\n\nGroup discussions were held to formulate recommendations on capacity development relating to\ninclusion in the Syrian crisis. These recommendations focused on training needs, tools and resources\nto strengthen advocacy, sharing and learning on inclusion, as well as to support inclusive practice in\noperational agencies.\n\n\n - Develop an inter-agency strategy on inclusion of per- sons with disabilities and older persons in\nhumanitarian programming.\n\n\n - Identify and train \u201cresource focal points\u201d for working groups to advocate for inclusion in interagency meetings and initiatives.\n\n\n - Develop sector-wide checklists on inclusion.\n\n\n - Establish and promote minimum standards for inclusion in wider programming, and a minimal\npackage of services offered at Primary Health Care level targeting these users.\n\n\n - Advocate with donors to require the inclusion of disability and aging components in project\nproposals.\n\n\n - Develop sensitization training packages for staff orientation.\n\n\n - Share training materials on how to integrate needs of older persons and persons with disabilities\nin the design of protection and assistance programs.\n\n\n - Develop a repository where training materials are available and accessible for staff.\n\n## Recommendations\n\n\nThe following capacity development activities should be prioritized over the next year (subject to\navailable funding) in collaboration with interested organizations:\n\n\n - Hold a regional workshop targeting donors to sensitize them on disability and aging inclusion in\nproposal and reporting.\n\n - Develop a sensitization module on inclusion for staff induction and orientation. The module could\nbe piloted and tested in Jordan.\n\n - Establish a repository to maintain and share information, tools and resources on inclusion,\npreferably on the Syrian Regional Refugee Response portal. Raise awareness about the\nrepository through working group leads.\n\n\n - Provide training on inclusion in programming for interested agencies.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "symposium on older persons in emergencies", - "confidence": 0.7902490496635437, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CSA", - "confidence": 0.5212859511375427, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older persons", - "confidence": 0.8446759581565857, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48eb4aa8-8ccf-3e1c-ab63-dccb94145e6b/Sharing-and-learning-on-inclusion-of-aging-and-disability-in-the-Syrian-crisis-ENGLISH-accessible.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Conduct a study of how aging and disability is included in Regional Response Plans\nand funding mechanisms, to make further recommendations on \u201cminimum standards\u201d for\ninclusion in response programming.\n\n\n - Create a mapping of existing capacities among humanitarian actors regarding inclusion\nto be able to identify gaps and opportunities.\n\n#### For further information, please contact:\n\n\nTayyar Sukru Cansizoglu \u2013UNHCR, cansizog@unhcr.org\n\n\nLydia de Leeuw \u2013 Handicap International /HelpAge International, lydia.leeuw@helpage.org\n\n\nEmma Pearce \u2013 Women\u2019s Refugee Commission, emmap@wrcommission.org\n\n### Notes\n\n1 http://wrc.ms/relief-stats.\n\n2 Last updated 26th June 2014. http://wrc.ms/UNHCR-syria.\n\n3 Impairment is a problem in body function or structure. The study found that 26% and 20% of Syrian\nrefugees in Jordan and Lebanon respectively were living with impairments\n\n4 Older people were defined as those 60 and older.\n\n5 HelpAge International and Handicap International, (2014) Hidden victims of the Syrian crisis: disabled,\ninjured and older refugees. http://wrc.ms/1rDYweD.\n\n6 WRC and IRC (2013) Building capacity for disability inclusion in GBV programming in humanitarian\nsettings \u2013 Jordan November 2012. http://wrc.ms/dis-gbv-jordan. WRC (2013) Disability inclusion in the\nSyrian refugee response in Lebanon. http://wrc.ms/disab-leb.\n\nJuly 2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.6567099690437317, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7014883160591125, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.8416890501976013, - "start": 129, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48eb4aa8-8ccf-3e1c-ab63-dccb94145e6b/Sharing-and-learning-on-inclusion-of-aging-and-disability-in-the-Syrian-crisis-ENGLISH-accessible.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_635/raw/doc_635_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_635/raw/doc_635_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 28e675b214cb4f2eac2262d968b9e2bb650aae80..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_635/raw/doc_635_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Outcome of the Technical Working Group: Adequate Solutions\n# **Shelter Cluster Position Paper on** **Adequate Housing**\n\n\nMarch 2024\n\nVersion 1.0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of Contents**\n\n**1** **Scope & Purpose _________________________________________ 2**\n\n**2** **Mandate _______________________________________________ 2**\n\n2.1 Global Shelter Cluster (GSC) __________________________________________ 2\n2.2 Ukraine Shelter Cluster (USC) _________________________________________ 3\n\n**3** **Terminologies ___________________________________________ 3**\n\n3.1 Durable Solutions ___________________________________________________ 3\n3.2 Adequate housing ___________________________________________________ 3\n\n**4** **Shelter Cluster Objectives _________________________________ 4**\n\n4.1 Emergency response _________________________________________________ 4\n4.2 Shelter Cluster Objective 3 (CO3) ______________________________________ 4\n\n**5** **Map of Durable Solution Activities in Ukraine ___________________ 5**\n\n**6** **Next Steps for Shelter Cluster Activities _______________________ 6**\n\n6.1 The Next Steps _____________________________________________________ 6\n6.2 Identified Gaps & Challenges __________________________________________ 7\n\n**7** **History and Geographical Focus _____________________________ 8**\n\n7.1 The Crescent _______________________________________________________ 8\n7.2 Historical Context ___________________________________________________ 8\n\n**8** **Risks and Recommendations _______________________________ 9**\n\n8.1 Affected People Left Behind ___________________________________________ 9\n8.2 Advocating for Cross-cutting Issues _____________________________________ 9\n8.3 A Meaningful Coordination Forum _______________________________________ 9\n8.4 Knowledge Management ______________________________________________ 9\n8.5 Engagement with Shelter Cluster _______________________________________ 9\n8.6 Monitoring & Evaluation ______________________________________________ 9\n\n**9** **Conclusion ____________________________________________ 10**\n\n**10** **Appendix _____________________________________________ 11**\n\n10.1 Durability as a Mindset _____________________________________________ 11\n10.2 Meaning of adequacy ______________________________________________ 11\n10.3 Long-term programmes ____________________________________________ 14\n\n\nPhoto Credit: Danish Refugee Council (DRC) | Ukraine\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1** **Scope & Purpose**\n\n\nThe paper aims to delineate the effectiveness of Shelter Cluster activities in Ukraine and\ntheir potential role in establishing a more long-term approach to addressing the needs of\naffected populations. Essentially, it delves into discerning the boundaries of the impact\nregarding Shelter Cluster activities and how stakeholders involved in sustainable solutions\nand development initiatives can commence and complement their efforts.\n\n\n_\u201c\u2026Humanitarian assistance too often remains stuck in emergency mode long after the_\n_acute crisis is over\u2026\u201d_ _[1]_\n\n\nIn essence, this position paper seeks to address the following:\n\n\n1. Identifying potential gaps in responses and support to affected people: mapping\nactors and responsibilities for bridging the gap between emergency responses and\nDurable Solutions.\n2. Assessing Shelter cluster activities and how they pave the way for longer-term\nsolutions.\n3. Proposing steps for an exit strategy and handover process.\n\n\nThe primary focus is on examining how the shelter cluster's initiatives link to and are\ncomplementary to other stakeholders\u2019 interventions and assessing the effectiveness of these\nactivities in fostering Durable Solutions for the affected population from the start.\n\n\nThe information presented in this paper is an outcome of a Shelter Cluster Ukraine facilitated\ntechnical working group (TWIG) consisting of the Shelter Cluster Ukraine, IOM, Caritas, NRC,\nPIN, CRS, HFHI, and UNHCR. This TWIG has been chaired by Caritas Ukraine. Additionally,\nthis paper has been drafted in consultation with those of our TWIG members who also serve\nas stakeholders in other working groups committed to Durable Solutions in Ukraine.\n\n\n**2** **Mandate**\n\n**2.1** **Global Shelter Cluster (GSC)**\nThe Global Shelter Cluster, co-led by UNHCR in crisis contexts and by IFRC for disaster\ncontexts has defined the work on Recovery and Durable Solutions from the start as one of\nthe priorities for their upcoming GSC Strategy. The Global Shelter Cluster's position will be\naligned with the Action Agenda [2] on Internal Displacement, encompassing the 31\ncommitments declared by the UN as well as other global frameworks and organisational\nstrategies. The provision of adequate housing and support for housing, land, and property\n(HLP) has been identified as crucial elements contributing to durable solutions for IDPs.\n\n\nThe GSC emphasizes as an enabler the importance of localization and, where possible,\nunderscores the need to empower national and local government partners as primary duty\nbearers for sustaining solutions for internally displaced populations aligned with the Action\nAgenda and respective IASC guidance on HD-Nexus [3] and localisation.\n\n\nIn certain countries (e.g. Somalia [4], Yemen, Afghanistan, or Ethiopia), Durable Solutions\nWorking Groups work on advancing solutions pathways on policies and strategies and Shelter\nClusters established Working Groups in the respective countries advocating for and\n\n\n1 Independent review of the IASC response to internal displacement (3) \u2013 [LINK](https://odi.cdn.ngo/media/documents/IDP_response_summary_1403.pdf)\n2 The United Nations Secretary-General\u2019s Action Agenda on Internal Displacement \u2013 [LINK](https://www.un.org/en/content/action-agenda-on-internal-displacement/assets/pdf/Action-Agenda-on-Internal-Displacement_EN.pdf)\n[3 The Humanitarian Development Peace Nexus \u2013 LINK](https://www.undp.org/crisis/humanitarian-development-and-peace-nexus)\n4 Durable solutions WG in Somalia [LINK](https://sheltercluster.org/working-group/sustainable-solutions-working-group)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "implementing more \u201clonger-term\u201d shelter and housing options for displaced persons, moving\nbeyond solely life-saving initiatives.\n\n\n**2.2** **Ukraine Shelter Cluster** **[5]** **(USC)**\nCompared to other humanitarian relief operations in other contexts, the Ukrainian\ngovernment has demonstrated significant capacity in aiding and rehabilitating affected\npopulations and areas (eRecovery programme [6] ). This situation presents an opportunity for\nhumanitarian actors to consider \u201csolutions from the start\u201d _[ 7]_ and link emergency response to\nmore enduring solutions led by local authorities and development organizations or private\nactors. USC is responsible coordination mechanism for the Humanitarian Shelter and Nonfood items (NFI) in Ukraine.\n\n\nConsidering the reduction in available funding to humanitarian organizations and given the\ndemonstrated capacities of both the government and development actors in Ukraine, this\nsituation offers an opportunity for the Ukraine Shelter Cluster to adapt its mandate and\nreconfigure its activities within the cluster to target areas where there is more concentration\nof the vulnerable population with higher severity of needs in the eastern and southern\nUkraine (The Crescent), while support to affected populations in the western and central\nUkraine can (already) be managed by the local authorities and development actors.\n\n\nIn 2024, Shelter Cluster has aimed to facilitate a connection between its current activities\nand durable solution activities, aligning its efforts more closely with ongoing development\nactivities in the region. Please see HNRP 2024 and Shelter Cluster Objective 3. [8]\n\n\nFurthermore, the Shelter Cluster serves as co-chairs for the HLP working group (along with\nthe Protection Cluster), actively participating in and supporting their initiatives to\nunderscore and highlight the significance of the HLP component within the overall activities\nand as one central indicator [9] towards Durable Solution.\n\n\n**3** **Terminologies** **[10]**\n\nIt's essential to note that the terminology employed in this document is primarily drawn\nfrom the IASC framework for Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).\nHowever, the scope of this paper isn't exclusively limited to IDPs. The context in Ukraine\nis notably multifaceted, encompassing IDPs, returnees, and the non-displaced crisisaffected population.\n\n**3.1** **Durable Solutions**\nThe affected population who has achieved a durable solution should enjoy, without\ndiscrimination, an adequate standard of living, including at a minimum shelter, health\ncare, food, water, and other means of survival.\n\n**3.2** **Adequate housing**\nAn adequate standard of living requires that in addition to \u201cshelter/accommodation\u201d,\naffected populations have adequate access, on a sustainable basis, to a basic minimum\nvariety of services.\n\n\n\n**Durable Solution**\n\n\n\nAdequate\n\nHousing\n\n\n\n5 Ukraine: Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) - [LINK](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-third-rapid-damage-and-needs-assessment-rdna3-february-2022-december-2023-enukdejp)\n6 Ukraine Early Recovery Programme \u2013 [LINK](https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/ua/Booklet-UERP-eng-final.pdf)\n7 Independent review of the IASC response to internal displacement (7.3) \u2013 [LINK](https://odi.cdn.ngo/media/documents/IDP_response_summary_1403.pdf)\n8 Ukraine Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024 (December 2023) [EN/UK] - [LINK](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA5rGuBhCnARIsAN11vgR53pvmAkJSbt5f1k4SO2otesec5l0DR7gmqGizZRFC69ywzEm7plMaAga5EALw_wcB)\n9 Interagency Durable Solutions Indicator Library \u2013 [LINK](https://inform-durablesolutions-idp.org/)\n10 IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs - [LINK](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5149312.html)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on these definitions, it is clear that several parameters (building blocks) must be in\nplace to achieve Durable Solutions for IDPs, and gaining access to adequate housing and\nliving conditions is just another crucial part and _indicator_ [11] in attaining this goal.\n\n**4** **Shelter Cluster Objectives**\n\n**4.1** **Emergency response** **[12]**\nOne of the primary themes for the Shelter Cluster Objectives in 2024 has been devised to\ncategorize our activities based on their urgency levels. Consequently, three cluster\nobjectives are established (HNRP 2024):\n\n\n - Cluster Objective 1: Emergency Response\n\n - Cluster Objective 2: Winter Response [13]\n\n - Cluster Objective 3: Ensuring adequate housing - Linkage to a Longer-Term\nSolution\n\n\nIt's crucial to understand that while we label Cluster Objective 1 as the \"Emergency\nResponse,\" within the Shelter Cluster, all three objectives are regarded as elements of\nemergency response for humanitarian needs, each varying in the urgency of the required\nactions.\n\n**4.2** **Shelter Cluster Objective 3 (CO3)** **[14]**\nEnsure adequate housing solutions for internally displaced people, returnees, and nondisplaced people, while fostering linkages to longer-term response.\n\n\nThis Cluster objective consists of house and apartment repairs, the rectification of\ncommunal areas, rental support, collective site refurbishment aligning with Government of\nUkraine resolution 930, humanitarian repairs to social service centres, and rapid\nprefabricated housing. These activities align SNFI cluster partner activities with transitional\nand cooperation frameworks, ensuring the SNFI cluster acts as a catalyst for reconstruction\nand durable solutions. Aligning humanitarian responses to the large-scale government\n(Resolution 381 [15] ) programme \"eRecovery\u201d will be achieved through the Shelter\nInformation Damage Assessment & Response (SIDAR [16] ) database as a key tool to improve\ncoordination, enhance decision-making and foster transparency and accountability and\nadditionally pave the way to let other stakeholders to get engaged [17] . This objective is of\ncritical importance considering the state strategy for regional development outlines that\nthe scale of the destruction of residential buildings exceeds the volume of all new housing\nput into operation in the last seven years.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n11 Themes of Adequate standard of living\u2013 [LINK](https://inform-durablesolutions-idp.org/library/adequate-standard-of-living/)\n12 See the activity matrix on shelter cluster website - [LINK](https://sheltercluster.org/response/ukraine)\n13 Please note that Solid fuel and other energy-related activities in CO2 are specifically\ndesigned as acute humanitarian assistance to build resilience for cold winter days and are\nnot considered long-term solution activities. Long-term energy-related solutions fall well\nbeyond the mandate of the Shelter cluster.\n14 Annexed Document To Narrative Summary For: Humanitarian Needs And Response\nPlan 2024 Shelter Cluster Ukraine- [LINK](https://sheltercluster.org/ukraine/documents/annexed-document-narrative-summary-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024)\n15 Legislative Update by UNHCR April 2023 - [LINK](https://www.unhcr.org/ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2023/06/MLU_Apr_2023_ENG.pdf)\n[16 Shelter Information Damage Assessment and Response Database - LINK](https://sidar.unhcr.org/login)\n17 Please note that SIDAR is a tool under development and it is being updates and\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Shelter\nInformation Damage Assessment & Response", - "confidence": 0.9723692536354065, - "start": 338, - "end": 344 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.6748486161231995, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SIDAR", - "confidence": 0.9855405688285828, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Each activity has undergone a meticulous evaluation by TWIG members to ensure its\nalignment with the goal of providing adequate housing. The methodology used for this\nevaluation can be found under Annex 10.2.\n\n\n**5** **Map of Durable Solution Activities in Ukraine**\n\nDespite financial constraints, state authorities and local government bodies have developed\na number of options/pathways for advancing Durable Solutions (DS) regarding housing for\nIDPs and other affected population groups. These solutions include providing compensation\nfor damaged and destroyed housing, upgrading existing buildings to meet housing standards\nfor temporary or permanent accommodation of the affected population, offering favourable\nconditions for housing loans, etc. International donors play an active and crucial role in the\nimplementation of certain state and local programs by providing financial support. There is\nalso a broad range of initiatives by international and national humanitarian organizations,\nand private donors, which contribute to expanding temporary housing funds, providing\naffordable rental opportunities, and supporting local housing programs for IDPs and other\ncitizens. Considering the large number of affected populations, existing programs require\nscaling, but they already allow identifying key approaches of state and non-state entities for\nsustainable resolution of the housing issues in Ukraine.\n\n\nAs mentioned above, there is a substantial presence of development actors on the ground\nin Ukraine, including the Government, HD-Nexus, UN, NGOs, and private actors. During the\nTWIG, Caritas Ukraine has created a map detailing some of these actors to offer a general\noverview.\n\n\nSome of the main DS programs are as follows: (for the definition of each activity see Annex\n10.3):\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6** **Next Steps for Shelter Cluster Activities**\n\nHaving the overview of the main DS program and the list of activities from CO3 side-by-side\nautomatically leaves a tracible connection between these lists. However, for better\nunderstanding, we can categorize the DS activities into three main thematic areas:\nApplication for eRecovery, Area-based approach programmes, and Construction of New\nHousing & Affordable Housing / Rental. These three _thematic_ approaches are utilized solely\nfor the purpose of this paper and to facilitate the comprehension of the relevant activities\nassociated with Shelter cluster activities, as showcased in the graphic below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMost of the activities in CO3 can be linked either directly or indirectly to the three main\nDurable Solution thematic activities mentioned above. This connection allows us to track\nthe association between the current Shelter Cluster activity to a more long-term approach.\n\n**6.1** **The Next Steps**\nBased on the logic outlined, the diagram below illustrates the next steps and the potential\nconnections between CO3 activities and Durable Solution thematic activities. This diagram\nserves as a tool to show how Shelter Cluster activities contribute to the Durable Solutions\nthemes. Some activities may contribute to more than just one theme.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**6.1.1** **Connection to Application for eRecovery (All repairs)**\nThis theme aims to encompass all DS programs related to compensation programs\nprovided by local authorities and other actors. eRecovery focuses on the reconstruction\nand repair of housing units that have been damaged or destroyed as a result of Russian\naggression due to the war.\nThe Shelter Cluster activities linked to this initiative include Light and Medium Repair,\nHumanitarian Repair of Common Spaces (Multi-storey), Heavy repair, and provision of\ntransitional shelters.\nThe Shelter Cluster documents the partners\u2019 activities using tools such as 5W and SIDAR\nto track the assistance provided by humanitarian organizations and can hand over the\nrelevant information to compensation programmes managed by local authorities with the\nhumanitarian principle of safeguarding the personal data in mind upon transition.\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Shelter Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6344225406646729, - "start": 205, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "5W", - "confidence": 0.6549075245857239, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SIDAR", - "confidence": 0.7231166958808899, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Shelter Cluster\u2019s assistance is need-based and encourages partners to prioritize based on\nvulnerability criteria agreed upon within the Shelter Cluster. The priority groups for\nhumanitarian assistance may differ from those of the authorities [18] . Therefore, the\nprotection and HLP component (ensuring that the affected person understands their\noptions for assistance and their eligibility for compensation through the Ukraine\ngovernment mechanism) is a crucial part of this assistance. The HLP component serves as\na referral for those who may have been excluded from the authorities' compensation\nprogram, enabling them to receive assistance from humanitarian actors and programs in\nplace.\n\n\n**6.1.2** **Connection to Area-Based Approaches**\nShelter Cluster's observations from the field [19] show it is deemed insufficient to only assist\nthe households directly affected in areas heavily impacted by Russian aggression. The\nShelter Cluster advocates for an area-based approach [20], wherein multi-sectoral projects\ncan rejuvenate heavily damaged areas by offering repairs not only to housing units but\nalso to facilities that play a vital role in the livelihood and revitalization of an area.\nTo achieve this objective, activities such as Humanitarian Repair of social facilities and the\nprovision of white appliances have been designed.\n\n\n**6.1.3** **Connection to Construction of New Housing & Affordable Housing Rental**\nSeveral development actors are actively involved in the construction of affordable housing\nin Ukraine, aiming to provide new housing units. These programs are specifically designed\nto aid the affected population that has lost their lands and homes due to occupation and\ndestruction. A significant portion of these programs supports this population through more\ndurable rental programs and low mortgage rates. The Shelter Cluster has implemented\nprograms such as Rental Support or refurbishing collective sites to ensure a dignified life\nfor the affected population who can sustain a life outside of collective sites, as well as for\nthose who are extremely vulnerable within collective sites. This is achieved by raising the\nstandard of the collective site to a level approved by local authorities (Resolution 930 [21] )\nand creating a dignified living space for them until other long-term programs can step in\nto assist this population.\n\n**6.2** **Identified Gaps & Challenges**\n\n\n1. There appears to be a gap in coordinating referrals from Shelter Cluster to Durable\nSolution actors. For instance, it's currently unclear whether the state-owned RDDP [22]\ndatabase will be used to address this gap. Although the Shelter Cluster\nacknowledges the existence of this gap, it doesn't hinder the delivery of services\nbut we can envision connecting the cluster\u2019s database (SIDAR) to state own\ndatabase (RDDP) as a possible solution toward exit strategy, this is a work in\nprocess.\n2. Another notable deficiency is the absence of area-based approaches. Currently,\nthere are no comprehensive Durable Solution programs specifically focused on\nrevitalizing heavily affected areas. This is particularly significant for the Shelter\nCluster, as some CO3 activities aim to revitalize affected communities by\nrefurbishing social facilities. This goes beyond house repairs, as it contributes to\ncreating infrastructure for inhabitants to sustain a dignified and adequate life.\nTherefore, we believe there should be a counterpart among Durable Solution\n(development) actors that can seamlessly coordinate the response where the\nShelter Cluster concludes its response. Recent initiatives to re-activate a housing\nsector core group are welcomed by the cluster.\n\n18 For instance, minority groups or those who fallen out of social services programs may\nnot be included under local authorities\u2019 assistance priorities.\n19 Please refer to Ukraine\u2019s East hubs mission reports from the front line \u2013 [LINK](https://sheltercluster.org/response/ukraine/east-hub)\n20 Some examples: Settlements Approaches in Urban Areas Working Group \u2013 [LINK](https://sheltercluster.org/settlements-approaches-urban-areas-working-group/documents/settlement-approach-guidance-note)\n21 Legislative Update by UNHCR September 2023 - [LINK](https://www.unhcr.org/ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2023/11/MLU_Sep_2023_ENG.pdf)\n22 The Register of Damaged and Destroyed Property (RDDP)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7** **History and Geographical Focus**\n\n**7.1** **The Crescent**\n\n\nbeen a growing tendency to shift humanitarian partners' focus more towards the eastern\nCrescent, where there is a higher severity of needs. This prioritization is also a result of\ninsufficient funding to support the entire population in need. The shift is inevitable, and as\na result, there will be underserved populations in the western and central areas of Ukraine.\nIt is of utmost importance that a coordination mechanism be put in place to address the\nneeds of IDPs who may be left unassisted.\nCurrently, in Ukraine, this coordination has not been comprehensively formed. While\nmechanisms such as the Durable Solution Working Group are in place, the area of\nintervention is proven to be limited in size.\nThe Shelter Cluster will publish its multi-year strategy document in 2024, which will include\nthe exit strategy for areas from west to east extensively.\n\n**7.2** **Historical Context**\nThis isn't the first time the Shelter Cluster has had to get involved in long-term and exit\nstrategies in Ukraine. The humanitarian response has been ongoing for over a decade in\nUkraine. Before the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Shelter Cluster was already\nin discussions with key stakeholders and the local authorities on the ground about\ntransitioning responsibility and planning for an exit strategy. However, the situation\nchanged rapidly following the February 2022 events. There are valuable lessons to be\nlearned from the period before the invasion regarding the process of transitioning and\ndeactivating operations. Therefore, involving and consulting with the Shelter Cluster would\nbe highly advisable. [23] In the document Shelter Cluster Transitional Plan, there is relevant\ninformation that is still valid for the current context such as definitions for terminologies\ne.g. Cluster _transition_ and _deactivation_ .\n\n\n23 Before the full-scale invasion, the Shelter Cluster was actively engaged in various\nactivities aimed at finding long-term solutions, leading the interventions. Some examples\ninclude:\n\n1. TWIG on Social Housing 2016 \u2013 LINK\n2. Meeting minutes from the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) discussing transitional\n[plan \u2013 LINK](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/minutes_jan_2017_final_external.pdf)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8** **Risks and Recommendations**\n\n**8.1** **Affected People Left Behind**\nAs humanitarian efforts are shifting focus to the East and there is a possibility of handover\nof the coordination for humanitarian assistance of western areas to local\nauthorities/development actors, coupled with limited funding, there is a risk that the needs\nof some affected populations not residing in the Crescent may go unmet. These needs\ncould vary from basic humanitarian assistance to more long-term support.\n\n**8.2** **Advocating for Cross-cutting Issues**\nIt is crucial to reiterate that attaining long-term solutions goes beyond mere shelter\nrequirements; it demands a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach. The scope of\naddressing all gaps related to this topic exceeds the mandate and capacity of the shelter\ncluster alone. Hence, we emphasize the significance of acknowledging cross-cutting issues\nsuch as HLP rights [24], and clear referrals and establishing a coordination mechanism capable\nof identifying and integrating these concerns effectively.\n\n**8.3** **A Meaningful Coordination Forum** **[25]**\nTo successfully implement a multi-sectoral approach, it is imperative to establish a more\nmeaningful coordination forum. This forum would play a crucial role in delineating\nboundaries for development actors engaged in humanitarian response, clarifying where\nhumanitarian activities conclude, and long-term solution initiatives commence. While\ncurrently there have been several forums dedicated to this topic, a unified focal point is\nyet to be designated. Such a focal point is essential to address the coordination vacuum,\nand referrals and provide the best available knowledge derived from successful practices\nas well as advocating for Cross-cutting issues as well as a possible coordination mechanism\nfor community-based approach programs.\n\n**8.4** **Knowledge Management**\nIn each sector, a wealth of knowledge is available, encompassing information about\nvulnerable populations, best practices, and lessons learned. However, there is a potential\nrisk in safeguarding the data related to the affected population when it comes time to\ntransfer it. It is crucial to consider the protection of the affected population when\nexchanging data, as there is a risk associated with this process. [26]\nAdditionally, within the shelter cluster, there exists a significant amount of knowledge\nregarding adequate housing and a deep understanding of the challenges faced by both\norganizations and the population benefiting from assistance. This knowledge could be\neffectively leveraged to optimize responses and allocate resources more efficiently for\nimproved outcomes. The Shelter Cluster remains available for consultation.\n\n**8.5** **Engagement with Shelter Cluster**\nThe Shelter Cluster strongly recommends that actors engage in long-term activities,\ninvolving us in their discussions to ensure a comprehensive understanding of our initiatives\nand explore complementarities in areas of responsibility. This two-way communication is\nessential to minimize the risk of overlap and duplication, fostering a more impactful\nconclusion to the activities.\n\n**8.6** **Monitoring & Evaluation**\nShelter Cluster faces challenges in receiving data on the outcomes of long-term solution\nactivities. Consequently, we cannot guarantee whether the needs of the affected population\nare being comprehensively met. For instance, the Shelter Cluster lacks information on the\nextent to which recovery programs are adequately compensating the affected population.\n\n\n24 Ensuring security of tenure through the use of rental agreements and conducting a\nverification of ownership of the property to decrease the risk of disputes over the\nproperty.\n25 A notable instance of good practices is _PeReHID_ initiative focusing on Cash:\nUNHCR Ukraine, Cash Assistance Fact Sheet \u2013 [LINK.](https://www.unhcr.org/ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2023/10/Cash-Assistance-Factsheet-September-2023.pdf)\n26 The Minimum standard about Individual Protection Referrals in Ukraine can be found\n[here. \u2013 LINK](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/individual-protection-referrals-ukraine-minimum-standards-enuk?_gl=1*6viwn7*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcwNjEwNzY3OC45OC4xLjE3MDYxMDc2ODUuNTMuMC4w)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For instance, there is a possibility that newly refurbished or constructed buildings may lack\nessential finishes, hindering households from moving in. Therefore, it is imperative to\nestablish a system to address these issues.\n\n**9** **Conclusion**\n\nEmphasizing the crucial position of the Shelter Cluster in Addressing Adequate Housing\nNeeds, hereby we present seven main positions for the Shelter Cluster Ukraine in this\nregard:\n\n\n**1.** **Shelter Cluster Mandate:** Our activities are primarily focused on life-saving and\nmeet minimum humanitarian standards as regards safe, dignified, and appropriate\nshelter. We aim to provide adequate housing for the affected population until more\nrobust, Durable Solutions are implemented by other entities.\n\n**2.** **Durability as a Mindset** : Throughout all our endeavours (e.g. CO3), the Shelter\nCluster maintains a mindset centred on durability (See Annex 10.1). This involves a\nsustainable use of resources and a dignified response, considering the provision of\nminimum adequate housing solutions.\n\n**3.** **Humanitarian Vulnerability Criteria:** As a humanitarian principle, given the\nuncertain state of funding, our primary focus within the Shelter Cluster is to prioritize\nthe affected population based on their assessed needs and vulnerabilities. Our goal\nis to implement activities that empower them to connect with more lasting solutions,\nemphasizing durability. Shelter Cluster is developing targeting vulnerability criteria\nguidelines to address this matter.\n\n\nDelineating Areas of Involvement and Anticipated Engagement from Development Actors:\n\n**4.** **This document works as an information bridge:** between the Shelter and NFI\ncluster in Ukraine and various development actors (governmental, HD-Nexus actors,\nprivate). We have outlined existing programs, documented the outcomes of our\nactivities, and indicated the next steps as well as the gaps. The Shelter Cluster team\nis available for any discussion and consultation needed with Durable Solution actors.\n\n**5.** **Local Authorities and Durable Solutions actors:** Observing the absence of a\nunified coordination approach for Durable Solutions, we clarified in the position paper\nthe extent of our activities and identified where our involvement concludes. Beyond\nour activities, the responsibility for leading Durable Solutions lies with development\nactors and the government of Ukraine.\n\n**6.** **Conclusion of SC activities:** Once a CO3 activity is concluded and post-distribution\nmonitoring confirms the humanitarian need of a household has been fulfilled, we\nconsider that activity concluded.\n\n\nFinally, as in Shelter Cluster coordination, we must consider an exit strategy on two\ndifferent levels. Firstly, when the activities are implemented and the humanitarian\nneeds of the population have been met. Secondly, when we are shifting geographical\nfocus from west to east, concentrating on areas with higher severity.\n\n\nIn both cases, the exit strategy needs to be synchronized with local authorities,\nensuring the right referrals to the appropriate actors are in place.\n\n**7.** **Capacity Building:** The Shelter Cluster is ready to support the government's\ncapacity building and assist in any potential handover and exit from any Ukrainian\ncontext, ensuring a seamless transition from humanitarian efforts to local\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.885745644569397, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9494034647941589, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "authorities. Shelter Cluster stays available for any type of consultation in this\nregard.\n\n\n**10** **Appendix**\n\n**10.1** **Durability as a Mindset**\n\nIt is crucial for all Shelter Cluster\u2019s humanitarian responses, whether they are\nimmediate emergencies or time-limited activities, to prioritize durability as a guiding\nprinciple. However, it's important to note that durability doesn't necessarily imply a\npermanent solution. In this context, these terms hold distinct meanings.\nA clear illustration of this principle is the \"light & medium repair\" activity. This activity\nis specifically crafted to address emergency situations where the integrity of the\nthermal envelope of a dwelling has been compromised, potentially exposing residents\nto severe winter weather. By choosing the replacement of the windows, we not only\nensure the physical safety of the inhabitants but also eliminate the need for a repeat\nof replacing tarps and OSBs (emergency shelter kits: SC\u2019s first response after each\nattack) that were initially used to cover the breach in the dwelling's structure.\nPerhaps the activity itself cannot be labeled as a Durable Solution; rather, it contributes\ntowards achieving a Durable Solution that encompasses a wider range of needs of a\nhousehold. This mindset could potentially present itself as a gap after any exit or\nhandover.\n\n\n\n**10.2** **Meaning of adequacy**\n\n\n\nAccording to OHCHR, [27] Basic shelter and housing are adequate when the related goods\nand services are Available, Accessible, Acceptable, and Adaptable. With inspiration from\npublications from Habitat for Humanity, [28] we contextualized these factors for Shelter\nCluster Ukraine:\n\n\n\n\n- Security of tenure\n\n- Safe location\n\n- Safe structure\n\n- Affordability\n\n- Habitability\n\n- Availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure\n\n- Accessibility\n\n\n\nTaking these factors into account, we have sought to clarify the justification for including\nactivities from CO3 for providing adequate housing. This, in turn, establishes a connection\nto longer-term solutions. The evaluation table has been collectively developed by members\nof the TWIG.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Adequate
housing
factors|Activities of CO3 \"Ensure adequate housing solutions for internally displaced people,
returnees, and non-displaced people, while fostering linkages to longer-term
response\"29|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Adequate**
**housing**
**factors**|**1 **
**-**
**Humanitari**
**an**
**Repair**
**(Light and**
**Medium)**|


**2 **
**-**
**Humanitari**
**an**
**Repair**
**of Common**
**Spaces**
**(Multi-**
**storey)**|
**3 - Rental**
**Support**|
**4 **
**-**
**Refurbishme**
**nt of CSs**|**5 **
**-**
**Humanitari**
**an**
**Repair**
**of**
**Social**
**Facilities**|
**6 **
**- **
**Heavy**
**Repair**|
**7 **
**-**
**Transitio**
**nal**
**Shelter**|**8 **
**-**
**Provision**
**of**
**White**
**Appliance**
**s**|\n\n\n\n27 OHCHR Fact Sheet on the right to adequate housing\u2013 [LINK](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/human-right-adequate-housing#:%7E:text=Adequate%20housing%20was%20recognized%20as%20part%20of%20the,International%20Covenant%20on%20Economic%2C%20Social%20and%20Cultural%20Rights.)\n28Improving housing in informal settlements, Assessing the impacts in human\ndevelopment - [LINK](https://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/Home-Equals-Launch-Report_Full.pdf)\n[29 Humanitarian needs and response plan 2024 - LINK](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA5rGuBhCnARIsAN11vgR53pvmAkJSbt5f1k4SO2otesec5l0DR7gmqGizZRFC69ywzEm7plMaAga5EALw_wcB)\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Security of
tenure|\u2714L/M repairs
reduce the
risk of
displacement
as owners and
tenants are
assisted in
their current
address.|Col3|\u2714Rental
support
provides
security of
tenure for the
IDPs in their
temporary
accommodati
on.|\u2714 CS
refurbishment
provides security
of tenure for the
IDPs in their
temporary
accommodation.|\u274c|\u2714Heavy
repairs
reduce the
risk of
displaceme
nt as
owners
and
tenants
are
assisted in
their
current
address.|\u2714TS
assistance is
provided to
individuals
intending to
return or
remain on
their plot
and village
of origin, on
a permanent
and
sustainable
basis.|\u274c|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Safe**
**location**
|\u2714SC partners
and
contractors do
not
provide
house
repair
services
in
locations less
than 20 km
from the front
line.|\u274c|\u2714Housing
adequacy
standards are
verified
and
confirmed by
partners.|\u2714The
location
of
the
CS
is
assessed
according to SC
guidelines.|
\u2714The
location of the
Social
Facilities
is
assessed
according
to
SC guidelines.|


\u2714SC
partners
and
contractor
s do not
provide
house
repair
services in
locations
less
than
20
km
from
the
front line.|



\u2714 In line
with
protection
principles,
partners will
identify
locations for
the
TS
assistance
avoiding
areas
of
active
conflict that
are likely to
be
subject
to
further
damaging
effects
of
the
hostilities.|


\u274c|\n|**Safe**
**structure**
|\u2714Light
and
medium
repairs do not
target
structural
damage
and
this
is
evaluated
during
the
damage
assessments.|
\u2714Improved
common
spaces
provide
protection
from external
threats.|\u2714Housing
adequacy
standards are
verified
and
confirmed by
partners.|\u2714 The CS is not
affected
by
structural
damage.|\u2714 The social
facility is not
affected
by
structural
damage.|\u2714Heavy
repairs
may
involve
structural
repairs
of
the
dwelling
(dependin
g
on
budget and
technical
complexity
).|

\u2714Transition
al
shelter
assistance
provides
improved
living
conditions
and a safe
living space.|
\u274c|\n|**Affordabilit**
**y**
|\u2714L/M repairs
including
sealing
the
thermal
envelope will
reduce energy
costs for the
HHs.|\u2714SC
repair
may
contribute
to
energy
efficiency and
reduced
energy
costs
(heating
system,
windows
replacement,
etc.).|
\u2714
Rental
support
targets IDPs
living
in
Collective
Sites
(CSs)
who will have
the capacity
to
sustain
private rental
payments at
the end of the
rental
support
period.|

\u2714CS is a short-
term
solution
that
provides
affordable
accommodation
to IDPs.|\u274c|
\u2714 Heavy
repairs
prevent
homeowne
rs
from
incurring
high repair
costs that
affect their
finances or
from
having
to
seek
alternative
housing
solutions
at
extra
cost.|





\u2714TS
assistance is
provided to
socio-
economicall
y vulnerable
HHs
reporting
damage
beyond
repair, who
have
no
resources to
rebuild
the
house
by
their
own
means
in
the
foreseeable
future.|

\u2714
The
provision
of
white
appliances
prevents
those
affected from
draining their
finances
by
replacing lost
items.|\n|**Habitability**
|\u2714L/M repairs
improve
the
living
conditions
in
the
housing
unit.|\u2714Common
Spaces repair
improves the
living
conditions
in
the building.|
\u2714Housing
adequacy
standards are
verified
and
confirmed by
partners once
the
rental
accommodati
on
is
identified by
the
beneficiary.|
\u2714Refurbishmen
t activities aim to
upgrade
the
facility
to
minimum
adequacy
standards.|\u274c|\u2714Heavy
repairs
improve
the
living
conditions
in
the
housing
unit.|


\u2714Transition
al
shelters
are
designed to
meet
minimum
housing
standards
(SPHERE).|\u2714The
provision
of
essential
appliances
enables HHs
to
live
properly and
improves the
living
conditions in
terms
of
domestic
comfort.|\n\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Availability
of services,
materials,
facilities
and
infrastructu
re|\u2714 L/M
repairs are
provided to
non-displaced
households in
their
communities,
where
services and
facilities are
functioning /
can be
improved
through
activity 5.|\u2714 Repairs
are provided
to non-
displaced
households in
their
communities,
where
services and
facilities are
functioning /
can be
improved
through
activity 5.|\u2714Housing
adequacy
standards are
verified and
confirmed by
partners
(including
access and
proximity to
social
services and
facilities)|\u2714 The identified
CSs should be
located in
accessible areas
and contribute to
social
integration/cohe
sion|\u2714Humanitari
an repair of
social facilities
is an enabler
for people in a
community to
have access to
different
services and is
therefore
complementar
y to the other
CO3 activities.
Not having
access to
community
services can
lead to
displacement
unrelated to
individual
dwelling
conditions.|\u2714 Heavy
repairs are
provided
to non-
displaced
household
s in their
communiti
es, where
services
and
facilities
are
functioning
/ can be
improved
through
activity 5.|\u2714The
assessment
for TS
installation
should take
into
consideratio
n the
availability
of social
infrastructur
e in the
proposed
area
(education,
medical
facilities,
department
of social
protection,
etc.) and
access to
public
transport.|\u274c|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Accessibilit**
**y\u202f**
|\u2714 L/M
repairs
are
provided
to
non-displaced
households in
their
communities,
where
services
and
facilities
are
functioning
/
can
be
improved
through
activity 5.|\u2714 Repairs
are
provided
to
non-
displaced
households in
their
communities,
where
services
and
facilities
are
functioning
/
can
be
improved
through
activity 5.|
\u2714Housing
adequacy
standards are
verified
and
confirmed by
partners
(including
access
and
proximity to
social
services and
facilities)|
\u2714 The identified
CSs should be
located in areas
where markets,
essential
services,
and
livelihoods
are
accessible|

\u2714Humanitari
an repair of
social facilities
is an enabler
for people in a
community to
have access to
different
services and is
therefore
complementar
y to the other
CO3 activities.|

\u2714 Heavy
repairs are
provided
to
non-
displaced
household
s in their
communiti
es, where
services
and
facilities
are
functioning
/ can be
improved
through
activity 5.|





\u2714The
assessment
for
TS
installation
should take
into
consideratio
n
the
availability
of
social
infrastructur
e
in
the
proposed
area
(education,
medical
facilities,
department
of
social
protection,
etc.)
and
access
to
public
transport.||\n\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|10.3.1 State Initiatives and Local Government Initiatives|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Subsidized**
**Mortgage Projects**

|Several state programs for subsidized housing loans are implemented in Ukraine.
One of them is the state mortgage lending program \"eOselia,\" beneficiaries of which
can be war veterans and their families, internally displaced persons, or other
Ukrainian citizens who do not own real estate or whose property is less than 52.5
m2 for a single person and an additional 21 m2 for each subsequent family member.
Military personnel, law enforcement officers, medical workers, educators, and
scientists can take a mortgage loan at 3% per annum, while other citizens can
access loans at 7% per annum. According to the Government of Ukraine, as of early
February, more than 7,000 households have used the subsidized mortgage lending
program, totaling 10.7 billion UAH.
The State Fund for Youth Housing Assistance implements a housing loan program
for IDPs at 3% funded by the Government of Germany through the KfW bank. This
program started before the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine,
while in December 2023, the Government of Ukraine and KfW signed an additional
agreement for the allocation of 17 million euros in addition to the already issued
25.5 million euros since 2020. According to Ukrainian government officials, about
400 IDP families can benefit from the subsidized program in 2024.
On December 7, 2023, the Government of Ukraine, represented by the Ministry for
Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, the State Fund for Youth Housing
Assistance, and KfW, signed Additional Agreement \u21161 to the Grant and Project
Agreement from December 28, 2020, which allocated additional funding of 17
million euros to the already provided 25.5 million euros in 2020. Beneficiaries of the
program are determined through random selection to prevent potential abuses.
The State Fund for Youth Housing Assistance also administers a separate loan
program for IDPs and participants of the anti-terrorist operation (Joint Forces
Operation). This program provides preferential long-term loans for IDPs and
participants of the ATO, while official statistics show that 129 IDPs and 133
participants of the anti-terrorist operation received loans during 2019-2023 totaling
236 million 136 thousand UAH. It should be noted that the mentioned state fund
supports the implementation of similar regional programs funded by local budgets.
IDPs are beneficiaries of various municipal programs for subsidized lending. For
example, in Vinnytsia, the Municipal Fund for Management and Financing of
Construction operates. The Fund's authority includes creating favorable conditions
for budget sector workers, youth, and other program participants to purchase
quality housing on affordable payment terms. Based on the \"Municipal Housing\"
program approved by Vinnytsia City Council, program beneficiaries, including IDPs,
are determined by drawing lots. The program ensures the construction of new
housing, which is distributed among priority citizen categories based on subsidized
lending.
Meanwhile, in 2022, the Kyiv City Council approved a local housing program for
2022-2024, which includes subsidized housing loans, with a priority for combat
participants. The program involves purchasing 30%-50% of the housing cost at the
expense of the local budget, while the other part of the costs is covered through
mortgage lending. These are just some examples of relevant programs being
implemented, while various local self-government bodies implement a significant
number of similar programs across different regions**. **
|\n|**State**
**Compensation**
**to**
**Ukrainian**
**Citizens**
**for Damaged and**
**Destroyed Housing **
|
Affected households in Ukraine can use the state program \"EVidnovlenya.\" At the
first stage of the program, affected households could receive cash compensation for
damaged housing, which they can use for repairs (up to 200,000 UAH). The second
stage of the program, which has already started, involves receiving a certificate for
purchasing a new home or cash payment for self-reconstruction. Preliminary data
shows that compensation for damaged housing was received by about 35,000
households (about 3.2 billion UAH), while the first results of the second stage of the
program showed the generation of about 2,000 certificates for purchasing new|\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|housing instead of the destroyed ones (about 3.7 billion UAH). Applications for
compensation can be submitted in the \"Diia\" app.|\n|---|---|\n|**Creating**
**Housing**
**for**
**the**
**Affected**
**Population through**
**Reconstruction**
**of**
**Existing**
**Buildings/Premises **

|Data from the digital platform DREAM, created to monitor the recovery process in
Ukraine, shows the prevalence of projects in Ukraine aimed at bringing existing
(empty) buildings into compliance with proper living conditions for IDPs. Part of
these reconstructions is funded by the Fund for Elimination of Consequences of
Armed Aggression, financed by the special fund of the State Budget of Ukraine.
Local self-government bodies initiate the reconstruction process of such buildings,
while objects are selected for implementation by an interdepartmental working
group. The geography of selected projects is quite broad, from regions close to the
line of combat operations to more stable territories. For example, funded by the
Fund for Elimination of Consequences of Armed Aggression, the reconstruction of a
two-story non-residential building into a residential house with 12 apartments with
built-in non-residential premises: a pharmacy and a store in Blyznyukivska
territorial community of Kharkiv region is planned (the total expected cost is about
22 million UAH). Meanwhile, in Nehvoroshcha, Poltava region, a project for the
reconstruction of a community house into a multi-apartment residential building for
accommodating internally displaced and evacuated persons is being implemented
(the total expected cost is about 16 million UAH). The implementation of these and
other examples can be tracked on the DREAM platform.
|\n|**Intergovernmental**
**Agreements**
**on**
**Creating**
**Housing**
**for IDPs Based on**
**Existing Buildings **
|
At the end of December 2023, it was officially announced that an agreement was
signed between the Ministry for Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories
of Ukraine, the German bank KfW, and the Ukrainian Social Investment Fund on a
grant agreement of 24.2 million euros for creating energy-efficient housing for
internally displaced persons. The project involves creating housing for IDPs through
the reconstruction of existing buildings using modern energy-saving technologies
and constructing new buildings. Within the project, 8 objects have already been
selected in Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Kharkiv, and Khmelnytsky regions.
|\n|**Construction**
**of**
**New**
**Housing**
**for**
**Temporary**
**Accommodation of**
**IDPs**

|
Some territorial communities and regional authorities initiate the construction of
new housing for the temporary accommodation of IDPs and seek funding. For
example, the Mykolaiv Regional Military Administration announced the completion
of the preparation of the project and estimated documentation necessary for the
construction of a residential multi-apartment complex in Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv
region. The project involves the construction of 1,703 apartments for IDPs (more
than 6,000 residents), with the project cost being 3 billion 335 thousand UAH.
|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|10.3.2 Initiatives by Private Donors, International And National Humanitarian Organizations,
Foreign Governments, And The European Union|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Construction**
**of**
**New Housing for**
**IDPs **

|Foreign and national donors implement a number of programs for constructing new
housing for temporary or permanent accommodation of IDPs. In particular, in 2024,
the construction of 25,000 m2 of new housing in Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky,
Novovolynsk, and Ternopil will begin, totaling 35.5 million euros for 1,800 internally
displaced persons. The new housing is being built with funds from the EU program
\"Housing for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Recovery of Liberated Cities in
Ukraine, Component II,\" which is funded by the European Union and managed by the
Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (Nefco).
|\n|**Dormitories**
**for**
**IDPs **|In Dnipro, with the support of the Government of France, the Mariupol City Council
implemented a project to create a dormitory for IDPs, which opened in April 2023.|\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|The dormitory was equipped in the dormitory of the Dnipro State Agrarian and
Economic University. It provided housing for 127 people (35 families). The building
was leased to the municipal enterprise of the Mariupol City Council \"Mariupol City
Dormitory.\" Due to legislative restrictions, the lease agreement formally operates for
one year and will require renewal after this period, but the memorandum between
the university and the city council provides for such an extension during the martial
law period and three years after its completion. Community representatives consider
this project exclusively as temporary - only for the duration of the war and post-war
recovery of Mariupol, noting that the ultimate goal is to return to the city and rebuild
housing there. Mariupol City Council receives funding from the Government of
France, announces tenders, and controls the works. Mariupol City Council formulates
needs and technical tasks, having no access to funding. Another partner of the project
is Adra Ukraine, which compensates all residents for utility costs. Settlement in the
dormitory occurs on a point system, according to the regulation approved by the city
council before the start of the full-scale war. A check for other housing is conducted.
Residents sign a living agreement, under which they only pay for utilities. However,
compensation for utility services is provided under a separate contract. Rooms in the
dormitory were planned so that one family could live in one room.|\n|---|---|\n|**Affordable**
**Housing Rental **
|
Current IOM projects include building housing in five regions of Ukraine by creating
an affordable rental housing mechanism for displaced persons. Within this initiative,
funded by the Government of Germany through KfW bank, about 2,000 apartments
will be built for approximately 6,000 people.
IOM envisages two possible rental mechanisms, although currently in Ukraine there
is no legal framework regulating the second mechanism: 1) Long-term rental and 2)
Rent-to-own. This mechanism involves transferring ownership to the tenant after 10-
15 years. For example, the Poltava Regional Military Administration reported that
within the IOM project, rental funds would go to the special fund of communities,
which could then be them for further construction, and maintenance of housing
infrastructure for IDPs, and other vulnerable segments of the population.
Meanwhile, in December 2023, in Tarasivka, Kyiv region, the first phase of houses
for IDPs living on the basis of affordable rent was opened. The project was
implemented by the charity fund To Ukraine With Love, while the main investor of
this project is Dell Loy Hansen. Keys to the first phase homes were received by 80
families or about 300 internally displaced persons, including 104 children. The houses
will be rented free of charge for a term of 5 years. Overall, in the Kyiv region, this
fund and patron provide the opportunity for free rent for 5 years in various parts of
the region (135 apartments in Sofiivska Borschagivka (Kyiv), 330 apartments in
Tarasivka of the Boyarka territorial community, and houses for single IDPs in
Kolonshchyna of the Makariv territorial community).
|\n\n\nwww.sheltercluster.org 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/34431ff8-a612-4d25-a484-94de2441bef7/Shelter%20Cluster%20Ukraine%20-%20Position%20Paper%20on%20Adequate%20Housing%20version%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_636/raw/doc_636_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_636/raw/doc_636_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6e9afa12c0a40727b270448ada45d621556dec25..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_636/raw/doc_636_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|POLSKA: SEKTOR DS. MIESZKALNICTWA i ZAKWATEROWANIA
STRATEGIA DZIA\u0141A\u0143 W ZWI\u0104ZKU Z KRYZYSEM WYWO\u0141ANYM PRZEZ PE\u0141NOSKALOWE
DZIA\u0141ANIA WOJENNE W UKRAINIE
Kwiecie\u0144 2025|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Agencje**
**przewodz\u0105ce**|Habitat for Humanity + IOM|\n|**Koordynator**
**zy**|Przemys\u0142aw Stachura, Polskie Centrum Pomocy Mi\u0119dzynarowdowej; Paulina Kaczmarska, IOM;|\n|**Partnerzy**
**Sektora RRP**
**(19)**|Partnerzy Sektora ds. Mieszkalnictwa i Zakwaterowania, kt\u00f3rzy zg\u0142osili projekty w Activity Info:
Alight, Fundacja Leny Grochowskiej, Fundacja Pomocy Wzajemnej Barka, Klub Inteligencji
Katolickiej w Warszawie, Zakon Pos\u0142uguj\u0105cych Chorym Ojcowie Kamilianie, Habitat for Humanity,
Metropolitan Orthodox Christian Charity ELEOS, Kamilia\u0144ska Misja Pomocy Spo\u0142ecznej, Fundacja
Feminoteka, IFRC/PRC, Metropolitan Orthodox Christian Charity ELEOS, IOM, Polish Center for
International Aid (PCPM), Polish Humanitarian Action, Polish Migration Forum, Stowarzyszenie
NOMADA, Ukrainian House, UNHCR, Volunteer Centre Lublin|\n|**Wprowadze**
**nie**|Celem niniejszego dokumentu jest dostarczenie wszystkim podmiotom cz\u0142onkowskim oraz
interesariuszom Sektora ds. Mieszkalnictwa i Zakwaterowania w Polsce strategicznych ram dla
dzia\u0142a\u0144 na rzecz wsparcia uchod\u017ac\u00f3w przebywaj\u0105cych w Polsce w zwi\u0105zku z pe\u0142noskalowymi
dzia\u0142aniami wojennymi w Ukrainie.|\n|**Analiza**
**sytuacji**|Od lutego 2022 roku do Polski przyby\u0142o ponad 1,9 miliona uchod\u017ac\u00f3w dotkni\u0119tych wojn\u0105 w
Ukrainie.
Polska przekszta\u0142ci\u0142a si\u0119 z kraju przyjmuj\u0105cego stosunkowo niewielu uchod\u017ac\u00f3w w jedno z
g\u0142\u00f3wnych pa\u0144stw przyjmuj\u0105cych na \u015bwiecie, gdzie zapewnienie bezpiecznego i godnego
zakwaterowania pozostaje jedn\u0105 z najpilniejszych potrzeb. Podczas gdy wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 rodzin
uchod\u017aczych mieszka w prywatnych kwaterach (ponad 60%), osoby z najbardziej wra\u017cliwych grup
nadal przebywaj\u0105 w o\u015brodkach zbiorowego zakwaterowania. Ze wzgl\u0119du na du\u017cy nap\u0142yw
uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, w Polsce, gdzie ju\u017c wcze\u015bniej wyst\u0119powa\u0142y ograniczone zasoby mieszkaniowe i
znaczny wzrost cen na rynku najmu, uchod\u017acom niezwykle trudno jest samodzielnie znale\u017a\u0107
\u015brednio-/d\u0142ugoterminowe zakwaterowanie.|\n|**Wyzwania**
|Od pocz\u0105tku dzia\u0142a\u0144 pomocowych brakowa\u0142o og\u00f3lnych danych, dotycz\u0105cych ob\u0142o\u017cenia i lokalizacji
o\u015brodk\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego. Sytuacj\u0119 utrudnia\u0142 fakt, \u017ce cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 z nich by\u0142a prowadzona
przez jednostki samorz\u0105du a cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 przez podmioty prywatne, w tym NGO. Z powodu du\u017cej ilo\u015bci
zaanga\u017cowanych podmiot\u00f3w widoczny by\u0142 brak parowania pomi\u0119dzy osobami wynajmuj\u0105cymi a
najemcami co generowa\u0142o du\u017co problem\u00f3w, konflikt\u00f3w. Brakowa\u0142o tak\u017ce dobrze
skoordynowanej komunikacji tak\u017ce z u\u017cyciem komunikator\u00f3w internetowych. W lipcu 2024 r.
nowelizacja ustawy o wsparciu dla ukrai\u0144skich uchod\u017ac\u00f3w wprowadzi\u0142a znacz\u0105ce zmiany w
funkcjonowaniu o\u015brodk\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego. Obecnie wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich zarz\u0105dzanych
jest przez samorz\u0105d, a tylko nieliczne przez instytucje prywatne. Pomimo tych zmian dost\u0119p do
pe\u0142nych danych nadal pozostaje utrudniony.
Dzia\u0142ania w obszarze zakwaterowania w odpowiedzi na kryzys uchod\u017aczy w Polsce s\u0105 wyj\u0105tkowe
w por\u00f3wnaniu z innymi kontekstami, ze wzgl\u0119du na miejski charakter i europejski kontekst. W
zwi\u0105zku z tym istnieje potrzeba wdro\u017cenia niekonwencjonalnych program\u00f3w, takich jak \u201egot\u00f3wka
na
wynajem\u201d,
programy
wynajmu
spo\u0142ecznego,
system
dopasowania
gospodarzy/solidarno\u015bciowe zakwaterowanie itp., a tak\u017ce program\u00f3w odpowiadaj\u0105cych na
potrzeby najbardziej wra\u017cliwych grup pozostaj\u0105cych w o\u015brodkach zakwaterowania zbiorowego.
Zapewnienie stabilnego zakwaterowania musi by\u0107 przygotowane na nag\u0142e fale os\u00f3b uciekaj\u0105cych
przed konfliktem zbrojnym, zar\u00f3wno w perspektywie kr\u00f3tko- jak i d\u0142ugoterminowej. W|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|konsekwencji wyzwaniem jest przygotowanie i uodpornienie systemu mieszkaniowego na
kolejne, dynamiczne w swojej specyfice, kryzysy migracyjne.
Wiele ma\u0142ych organizacji spo\u0142ecznych i oddolnych inicjatyw, realizuj\u0105cych dzia\u0142ania w zakresie
schronienia/zakwaterowania, nie by\u0142o cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 sektora, poniewa\u017c mog\u0142y nie by\u0107 zaznajomione z
mechanizmem koordynacji humanitarnej.|\n|---|---|\n|**Mo\u017cliwo\u015bci**|Fakt, \u017ce organizacje musz\u0105 anga\u017cowa\u0107 si\u0119 i rozwija\u0107 nowe programy, takie jak \u201egot\u00f3wka na
wynajem\u201d czy solidarno\u015bciowe zakwaterowanie, stwarza dobr\u0105 okazj\u0119 do ustanowienia
Standardowych Procedur Operacyjnych, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna wykorzysta\u0107 w przysz\u0142ych dzia\u0142aniach.
Dzia\u0142ania rzecznicze na rzecz tworzenia Spo\u0142ecznych Agencji Najmu oraz program\u00f3w
wspieraj\u0105cych w\u0142\u0105czenie ekonomiczne i spo\u0142eczne oraz budowanie niezale\u017cno\u015bci jako cz\u0119\u015b\u0107
odpowiedzi partner\u00f3w mo\u017ce przyczyni\u0107 si\u0119 do rozwoju Spo\u0142ecznych Agencji Najmu jako
powszechnego rozwi\u0105zania w Polsce, a tak\u017ce wp\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 na zmniejszenie liczby os\u00f3b pozostaj\u0105cych
w o\u015brodkach zakwaterowania zbiorowego i ustabilizowa\u0107 sytuacj\u0119 \u017cyciow\u0105 gospodarstw
domowych.
Pomoc humanitarna w Polsce by\u0142a wyj\u0105tkowa ze wzgl\u0119du na jej miejski charakter. Dzia\u0142ania w
zakresie schronienia i mieszkalnictwa obejmowa\u0142y zakwaterowanie w prywatnych mieszkaniach i
o\u015brodkach zbiorowego zakwaterowania, g\u0142\u00f3wnie w miasteczkach i wi\u0119kszych miastach. Nie by\u0142o
obiekt\u00f3w typu obozowego, a tak\u017ce tylko kilka naprawd\u0119 du\u017cych, tymczasowych o\u015brodk\u00f3w
zakwaterowania. Decyzj\u0105 rz\u0105du du\u017ce obiekty by\u0142y zamykane lub redukowane tak szybko, jak to
mo\u017cliwe. Dzi\u0119ki tej wyj\u0105tkowej sytuacji osoby przebywaj\u0105ce w o\u015brodkach zakwaterowania
zbiorowego mia\u0142y wiele mo\u017cliwo\u015bci znalezienia zatrudnienia, usamodzielnienia si\u0119 i
przeprowadzki do w\u0142asnego lokum. Sprzyja\u0142o to r\u00f3wnie\u017c procesom w\u0142\u0105czenia spo\u0142ecznego i
integracji. Liczba o\u015brodk\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego jest obecnie znacznie zredukowana i
jedynie ok. 6% uchod\u017ac\u00f3w w nich mieszka. Nadal zapewniaj\u0105 one \u015brodowisko sprzyjaj\u0105ce
w\u0142\u0105czeniu spo\u0142ecznemu i ekonomicznemu, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce by\u0107 wykorzystane przez organizacje
pozarz\u0105dowe oraz innych aktor\u00f3w spo\u0142ecznych do wspierania integracji uchod\u017ac\u00f3w.
|\n|**Zagadnienia**
**wielo-**
**aspektowe**|Programy zakwaterowania \u015brednio- i d\u0142ugoterminowego musz\u0105 by\u0107 po\u0142\u0105czone z programami
integracji spo\u0142ecznej i ekonomicznej, aby zapewni\u0107 d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142y efekt (w przeciwnym razie
uchod\u017acy mog\u0105 ponownie wymaga\u0107 wsparcia po zako\u0144czeniu fazy dotacji).

Fakt, \u017ce wielu uchod\u017ac\u00f3w to kobiety z dzie\u0107mi, sprawia, \u017ce obowi\u0105zkowe jest jednoczesne
wspieranie codziennej opieki nad dzie\u0107mi, zatrudnienia i zakwaterowania. Te trzy elementy
musz\u0105 by\u0107 wdra\u017cane jednocze\u015bnie.

Rosn\u0105cy udzia\u0142 os\u00f3b starszych, niepe\u0142nosprawnych i dzieci w populacji miejsc zakwaterowania
zbiorowego wywiera presj\u0119 na pomoc socjaln\u0105 i stwarza potrzeb\u0119 zapewnienia specjalistycznych
us\u0142ug i udogodnie\u0144 dla tej wra\u017cliwej populacji. Istnieje rosn\u0105ca potrzeba zapewnienia silnej
wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z podmiotami rz\u0105dowymi w celu zapewnienia d\u0142ugoterminowego wsparcia.|\n|**Cele**
**strategiczne:**|**1. Zapewnienie uchod\u017acom sta\u0142ego dost\u0119pu do ochrony, statusu prawnego i praw, z**
**uwzgl\u0119dnieniem grup szczeg\u00f3lnie nara\u017conych na wykluczenie.**
**2. Promowanie w\u0142\u0105czenia uchod\u017ac\u00f3w do system\u00f3w krajowych (godna praca, ochrona**
**socjalna, opieka zdrowotna, edukacja, ochrona dzieci).**
**3. Wzmocnienie sp\u00f3jno\u015bci spo\u0142ecznej mi\u0119dzy spo\u0142eczno\u015bci\u0105 uchod\u017ac\u00f3w a spo\u0142eczno\u015bci\u0105**
**przyjmuj\u0105c\u0105.**
**4. Zwi\u0119kszenie lokalnego zaanga\u017cowania poprzez wsparcie polskiego spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa**
**obywatelskiego, w\u0142adz lokalnych i zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conych dzia\u0142a\u0144 programowych.**|\n|**Cele sektora**
**ds.**
**Mieszkalnict**|**Cel 1 \u2013 Wspieranie niezale\u017cno\u015bci w zakwaterowaniu**
**Cel 2 \u2013 Wsparcie godnych warunk\u00f3w zakwaterowania dla najbardziej wra\u017cliwych grup.**|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|wa i
Zakwaterow
ania|Cel 3 \u2013 Wzmacnianie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy i koordynacji|\n|---|---|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**szacunkowe**
**koszty**
|**Dzia\u0142anie 1:** Zapewnienie szkole\u0144 oraz dzia\u0142a\u0144 z zakresu budowania potencja\u0142u, zwi\u0105zanych z
tematyk\u0105 zakwaterowania i mieszkalnictwa.

Szkolenia Sektora ds. Mieszkalnictwa i Zakwaterowania oraz dzia\u0142ania maj\u0105ce na celu budowanie
potencja\u0142u organizacji partnerskich, na podstawie analizy ich potrzeb. Celem dzia\u0142ania jest
wsparcie oragnizacji pozarz\u0105dowych i spo\u0142ecznych warto\u015bciow\u0105 wiedza techniczn\u0105.|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**szacunkowe**
**koszty**
|**Dzia\u0142anie 2: Naprawy i modernizacje istniej\u0105cych centr\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego**

Trudno jest oszacowa\u0107 \u015bredni koszt napraw w centrach zakwaterowania zbiorowego ze wzgl\u0119du
na r\u00f3\u017cnice w typach i wielko\u015bci budynk\u00f3w jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c skali potrzebnych prac. Dodatkowo, ceny
za materia\u0142y i wykonanie r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 pomi\u0119dzy wojew\u00f3dztwami. Bazuj\u0105c na do\u015bwiadczeniach z
poprzednich lat poni\u017cej prezentujemy szacunkowe wyliczenia koszt\u00f3w:
**1. Lekkie naprawy i modernizacje**
Niewielkie ulepszenia (malowanie), uk\u0142adanie p\u0142ytek, modernizacja izolacji, niewielki
remont \u0142azienki/kuchni itp.** Koszt od 6000 USD do 15000 USD.**
**2. Standardowa renowacja**
Okna, drzwi, pod\u0142ogi, wymiana kot\u0142a, naprawa/wymiana dachu, elewacja, wymiana
izolacji, instalacja fotowoltaiczna, hydraulika, modernizacja elektryczna, ogrzewanie i
ch\u0142odzenie itp.** Koszt od 15000 USD do 100000 USD**
**3. Du\u017ca renowacja**
podobna do punktu 2., ale szerszy zakres prac, wi\u0119kszy rozmiar budynku, wi\u0119ksza
z\u0142o\u017cono\u015b\u0107 techniczna itp., a zatem wy\u017cszy koszt.** Koszt: 100 000 USD i wi\u0119cej**(tj. koszt
renowacji ca\u0142ego budynku biurowego i przekszta\u0142cenia go w akademik mo\u017ce wynie\u015b\u0107 1
500 000 USD)|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**szacunkowe**
**koszty**
|**Dzia\u0142anie 3: Bezgot\u00f3wkowe naprawy i modernizacje w mieszkaniach indywidualnych**

Zakres koszt\u00f3w renowacji w mieszkaniach indywidualnych:
**1. Lekkie naprawy**
\u015arednie naprawy, takie jak wymiana okien, nowe pod\u0142ogi, monta\u017c aneksu kuchennego,
przegl\u0105d instalacji elektrycznej, ulepszenia kosmetyczne (malowanie, o\u015bwietlenie).
**\u015aredni koszt 1.000-20.000 USD**
**2. Standardowy i du\u017cy remont**
\u015bredni/pe\u0142ny remont kuchni, \u0142azienki, instalacji elektrycznej i hydraulicznej plus pod\u0142ogi,
oprawy o\u015bwietleniowe, malowanie itp.**\u015aredni koszt 20.000 \u2013 60.000 USD**
|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**szacunkowe**
**koszty**
|**Dzia\u0142anie 4: Wsparcie w wynajmie prywatnego zakwaterowania typu \u201egot\u00f3wka na wynajem\u201d,**
**udzielane bezpo\u015brednio uchod\u017acom**

Programy typu \u201egot\u00f3wka na wynajem\u201d pokrywaj\u0105 w ca\u0142o\u015bci lub w cz\u0119\u015bci koszty wynajmu do 6
miesi\u0119cy (mo\u017cliwe przed\u0142u\u017cenie do 8). Pe\u0142ne zalecenia i wytyczne dotycz\u0105ce realizacji tych
program\u00f3w zosta\u0142y opracowane przez dedykowan\u0105 grup\u0119 robocz\u0105 i s\u0105 dost\u0119pne w j\u0119zyku
angielskim tutaj:https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107747 oraz w j\u0119zyku Polskim
tutaj:https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107746|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**szacunkowe**
**koszty**
|**Dzia\u0142anie 5: Dystrybucja informacji o opcjach zakwaterowania, w tym poszukiwanie**
**dost\u0119pnych mieszka\u0144, us\u0142ugi t\u0142umaczenia i wsparcia w procesie wynajmu mieszkania na rynku**
**prywatnym**
|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Informacje o opcjach zakwaterowania s\u0105 dystrybuowane przez partner\u00f3w Sektora ds.
Mieszkalnictwa i Zakwaterowania r\u00f3\u017cnymi metodami, np.: linie informacyjne, platformy
internetowe, konsultanci itp. Dystrybucji cz\u0119sto towarzysz\u0105 informacje o innych us\u0142ugach
(zdrowie psychiczne, ochrona itp.) obejmuj\u0105ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c wsparcie w poszukiwaniu indywidualnych
mieszka\u0144 na rynku prywatnym, us\u0142ugi t\u0142umaczeniowe dotycz\u0105ce dokument\u00f3w niezb\u0119dnych w
procesie wynajmu, a tak\u017ce pomoc w trakcie procesu wynajmu.|\n|---|---|\n||**Dzia\u0142anie 6: Wsparcie centr\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego w celu zapewnienia schronienia**
**dla os\u00f3b uchod\u017aczych**

W ramach tych dzia\u0142a\u0144 mo\u017cna uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 pokrycie rachunk\u00f3w bie\u017c\u0105cych za prowadzenie o\u015brodka
(np. jednorazowa p\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 rachunk\u00f3w za media, paliwo itp.) o kt\u00f3re czasem prosz\u0105
koordynatorzy o\u015brodk\u00f3w. Dzia\u0142anie obejmuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c wsparcie finansowe na kr\u00f3tkoterminowe
zakwaterowanie awaryjne w hostelach lub innych podobnych obiektach, a tak\u017ce dodatkowe
us\u0142ugi, takie jak dostarczanie \u017cywno\u015bci i artyku\u0142\u00f3w higienicznych.
|\n||**Dzia\u0142anie 7: Wsparcie w \u015brednio i d\u0142ugoterminowym zakwaterowaniu w mieszkaniach**
**indywidualnych (2-12 miesi\u0119cy) poprzez narz\u0119dzia nieuwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105ce bezpo\u015brednich**
**transfer\u00f3w got\u00f3wki (np.: wsparcie dla rodzin goszcz\u0105cych, wsparcie najmu spo\u0142ecznego,**
**wsparcie prawne w kontraktach najmu etc.)**

Zapewnienie zakwaterowania na r\u00f3\u017cne sposoby, w tym jako wsparcie rodziny goszcz\u0105cej
(p\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 dla rodziny goszcz\u0105cej na pokrycie dodatkowych wydatk\u00f3w), program wynajmu
socjalnego (zapewniaj\u0105cy bezpo\u015brednie zakwaterowanie w mieszkaniach bez konieczno\u015bci
przekazywania pieni\u0119dzy uchod\u017acom), wsparcie w zakresie um\u00f3w najmu, praw lokator\u00f3w itp.|\n|**Kluczowe**
**definicje**|**Punkt tranzytowy/recepcyjny \u2013**miejsce, w kt\u00f3rym osoby przesiedlone znajduj\u0105 tymczasowe
zakwaterowanie na kr\u00f3tki okres (zwykle 24\u201348 godzin) w oczekiwaniu na przeniesienie do
odpowiedniego i bezpiecznego miejsca. Punkty tranzytowe i recepcyjne to punkty pierwszego
kontaktu, rejestracji, dost\u0119pu do informacji, cateringu \u2013 us\u0142ug \u017cywieniowych itp.
**Centra Zakwaterowania Zbiorowego -**przestrze\u0144, cz\u0119sto na otwartym planie, w kt\u00f3rej uchod\u017acy
znajduj\u0105 zakwaterowanie na okres \u015brednioterminowy (zwykle do 3 miesi\u0119cy) w istniej\u0105cych ju\u017c
budynkach, kt\u00f3re niekoniecznie zosta\u0142y zaprojektowane do pe\u0142nienia funkcji mieszkaniowej, np.:
w szko\u0142ach, fabrykach, koszarach, centrach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych, salach gimnastycznych, hotelach,
magazynach itp. Przesiedle\u0144cy dziel\u0105 miejsca do spania i codzienne aktywno\u015bci, s\u0105 w nich tak\u017ce
\u015bwiadczone us\u0142ugi takie jak MHPSS, ochrona, wsparcie spo\u0142eczne, opieka zdrowotna. O\u015brodkami
zbiorowymi zarz\u0105dzaj\u0105 w\u0142adze (gmina, wojew\u00f3dztwo), a tak\u017ce organizacje pozarz\u0105dowe i
podmioty prywatne.
**Prywatne mieszkania / domy -**mieszkania z zasobu prywatnego, w kt\u00f3rych osoby przesiedlone
znajduj\u0105 zakwaterowanie na \u015brednioterminowy okres (zwykle d\u0142u\u017cszy ni\u017c 3 miesi\u0105ce), przy
wsparciu organizacji pozarz\u0105dowych lub program\u00f3w, takich jak wsparcie rodzin goszcz\u0105cych,
\u201egot\u00f3wka na wynajem\u201d, SAN, PWS itp., maj\u0105ce na celu wesprze\u0107 usamodzielnienie na rynku
prywatnym.
**Program wynajmu spo\u0142ecznego (PWS):**PWS dzia\u0142a jako agencja po\u015brednicz\u0105ca, podpisuj\u0105c
umowy na mieszkania bezpo\u015brednio z ich w\u0142a\u015bcicielami a nast\u0119pnie wynajmuj\u0105c je po
przyst\u0119pnych lub subsydiowanych kosztach osobom z potrzebami mieszkaniowymi.
**Spo\u0142eczna Agencja Najmu (SAN):**Model najmu ustanowiony przez w\u0142adze lokalne/gmin\u0119 i
obs\u0142ugiwany przez wytypowan\u0105 organizacj\u0119 pozarz\u0105dow\u0105 lub sp\u00f3\u0142k\u0119 miejsk\u0105. SAN dzier\u017cawi
mieszkania lub domy jednorodzinne i wynajmuje je osobom fizycznym wskazanym przez w\u0142adze
lokalne. Jest to podobne do PWS, ale udzia\u0142 gminy jest obowi\u0105zkowy.|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Dzia\u0142ania i
wska\u017aniki
na lata
2025-2026|Dzia\u0142anie 1: Zapewnienie szkole\u0144 i dzia\u0142a\u0144 z zakresu budowania potencja\u0142u zwi\u0105zanych z
tematyk\u0105 zakwaterowania i mieszkalnictwa
Wska\u017anik 1: # liczba os\u00f3b korzystaj\u0105cych ze szkole\u0144 powi\u0105zanych z zagadnieniami sektorowymi
lub innych dzia\u0142a\u0144 podnosz\u0105cych umiej\u0119tno\u015bci i buduj\u0105cych potencja\u0142|\n|---|---|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 2:** Naprawy i modernizacje istniej\u0105cych centr\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego.
_Wska\u017anik 2: # liczba miejsc zakwaterowania zbiorowego w kt\u00f3rych dokonano napraw i_
_modernizacji_|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 3:** **Bezgot\u00f3wkowe** naprawy i modernizacje w mieszkaniach indywidualnych.
_Wska\u017anik 3: # mieszka\u0144 indywidualnych w kt\u00f3rych przeprowadzono naprawy i modernizacje_
_(bezgot\u00f3wkowe).)_|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 4:** Wsparcie w wynajmie prywatnego zakwaterowania typu \u201egot\u00f3wka na wynajem\u201d,
udzielane bezpo\u015brednio uchod\u017acom
_Wska\u017anik 4:_ _# liczba os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re uzyska\u0142y wsparcie w zakwaterowaniu dzi\u0119ki got\u00f3wce na_
_wynajem_|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 5:** Dystrybucja informacji o opcjach zakwaterowania, w tym poszukiwanie dost\u0119pnych
mieszka\u0144, us\u0142ugi t\u0142umaczenia i wsparcia w procesie wynajmu mieszkania na rynku prywatnym
_Wska\u017anik 5: # liczba os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re uzyska\u0142y wsparcie w zakresie informacji o rynku mieszkaniowym,_
_poszukiwaniach mieszkania, us\u0142ugach t\u0142umaczenia i wsparcia w procesie wynajmu_|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 6:** Wsparcie centr\u00f3w zakwaterowania zbiorowego w celu zapewnienia zakwaterowania
dla os\u00f3b uchod\u017aczych
_Wska\u017anik 6: # liczba os\u00f3b kt\u00f3ra uzyska\u0142a wsparcie w zakwaterowaniu w centrum_
_zakwaterowania zbiorowego (w tym koszty bie\u017c\u0105ce, napraw, kr\u00f3tkoterminowe zakwaterowanie_
_w hostelu)_|\n|**Dzia\u0142ania i**
**wska\u017aniki**
**na lata**
**2025-2026**|**Dzia\u0142anie 7:** Wsparcie w \u015brednio i d\u0142ugoterminowym zakwaterowaniu w mieszkaniach
indywidualnych (2-12 miesi\u0119cy) poprzez narz\u0119dzia nieuwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105ce bezpo\u015brednich transfer\u00f3w
got\u00f3wki (np.: wsparcie dla rodzin goszcz\u0105cych, wsparcie najmu spo\u0142ecznego, wsparcie prawne w
kontraktach najmu etc.)
_Wska\u017anik 7: # liczba os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re otrzyma\u0142y wsparcie w \u015brednio i d\u0142ugoterminowym_
_zakwaterowaniu_|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Dwutorowa
strategia
dzia\u0142ania|Aby zapewni\u0107 wsparcie wszystkim osobom potrzebuj\u0105cym, nale\u017cy wdro\u017cy\u0107 dwutorow\u0105 strategi\u0119
dzia\u0142ania, uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105c\u0105 dwie g\u0142\u00f3wne grupy beneficjent\u00f3w: uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy s\u0105 w stanie wej\u015b\u0107
na rynek pracy, je\u015bli otrzymaj\u0105 wsparcie, oraz uchod\u017ac\u00f3w o ograniczonych mo\u017cliwo\u015bciach
znalezienia zatrudnienia i trwa\u0142ego zakwaterowania na prywatnym rynku wynajmu (osoby
starsze, osoby z niepe\u0142nosprawno\u015bciami itp.), kt\u00f3re mieszkaj\u0105 d\u0142ugoterminowo w o\u015brodkach
zbiorowego zakwaterowania.|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|
**Dwutorowa**
**strategia**
**dzia\u0142ania**|\u015arednio i d\u0142ugoterminowe programy
mieszkaniowe**DLA UCHOD\u0179C\u00d3W KT\u00d3RZY S\u0104**
**W STANIE SI\u0118 USAMODZIELNI\u0106**
\u2022
**\u201eGot\u00f3wka na wynajem\u201d \u2013**programy
uzupe\u0142nione o dodatkowe us\u0142ugi, takie
jak wsparcie w inkluzji ekonomicznej,
opieka and dzie\u0107mi, dzi\u0119ki czemu
beneficjenci s\u0105 lepiej przygotowani do
zapewnienia sobie mieszkania po
okresie wsparcia.
\u2022
**Inne bezgot\u00f3wkowe formy wsparcia,**
**np.: wsparcie najmu spo\u0142ecznego,**
**inne rodzaje najmu**w tym dodatkowe
us\u0142ugi spo\u0142ecznej i ekonomicznej
inkluzji.
\u2022
**Inkluzja ekonomiczna i zapewnienie**
**\u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a utrzymania \u2013**programy
uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105ce wyspecjalizowane
kursy j\u0119zykowe, profesjonalne,
wsparcie w otworzeniu w\u0142asnego
biznesu, nostryfikacja dyplom\u00f3w,
szkolenia zawodowe.
|Dzia\u0142ania wspieraj\u0105ce grup\u0119**NAJBARDZIEJ**
**WRA\u017bLIWYCH**
**GRUP**
**UCHOD\u0179CZYCH**
**MIESZKAJ\u0104CYCH**
**D\u0141UGOTERMINOWO**
**W **
**CENTRACH**
**ZAKWATEROWANIA**
**ZBIOROWEGO**z ograniczonymi mo\u017cliwo\u015bciami
usamodzielnienia si\u0119 na rynku pracy i
zakwaterowania
(osoby
starsze,
niepe\u0142nosprawne etc.)

**Programy/dzia\u0142ania**zapewniaj\u0105ce minimalne
standardy rekomendowane przez wytyczne
sektora, jak:
\u2022
**Naprawy i modernizacje**pozwalaj\u0105ce
osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 minimalne standardy
dotycz\u0105cej powierzchni, prywatno\u015bci,
udogodnie\u0144 etc.
\u2022
**Wsparcie kadry zarz\u0105dzaj\u0105cej**
**o\u015brodkiem**poprzez szkolenia,
wsparcie techniczne etc.
\u2022
**Zapewnienie dost\u0119pu do artyku\u0142\u00f3w**
**pierwszej potrzeby**(NFI, urz\u0105dzenia,
etc.)
D\u0142ugotrwa\u0142a i silna wsp\u00f3\u0142praca z lokalnymi
w\u0142adzami, urz\u0119dami pomocy spo\u0142ecznej,
plac\u00f3wkami zdrowia, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cliwe
jest zapewnienie d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142ej opieki.|\n\n\n\nPOLAND SHELTER, HOUSING & ACCOMODATION SECTOR STRATEGY 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/910f10b2-6543-5616-bb65-76415a9db07a/Shelter%20Sector%20Strategy%202025-2026%20PL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_637/raw/doc_637_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_637/raw/doc_637_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 61f94d7c62ca67818d0a3fdfc696d36d49a87a28..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_637/raw/doc_637_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n# **PROTECTION** **BRIEF III** **SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n## Operat\u00edvny kontext\n\n\nPo\u010das obdobia, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva tento Protection Brief III (j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024), prekro\u010dilo hranicu z\nUkrajiny na Slovensko 686 584 os\u00f4b, \u010d\u00edm sa ich celkov\u00fd po\u010det od za\u010diatku ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu vo\nfebru\u00e1ri 2022 zv\u00fd\u0161il na takmer 2,2 mili\u00f3na. K 31. marcu 2024 malo na Slovensku \u0161tat\u00fat do\u010dasn\u00e9ho\n\u00fato\u010diska 118 921 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov, [1] ktor\u00ed museli od\u00eds\u0165 z Ukrajiny a 235 po\u017eiadalo o azyl. [2]\n\n\nSlovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na\u010falej ve\u013ekoryso a solid\u00e1rne reagovala na svoj doteraz najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edchod ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov. Situ\u00e1cia medzi j\u00falom 2023 a marcom 2024 sa vyzna\u010dovala zv\u00fd\u0161enou d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165ou za\u010dlenenia\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov do \u0161t\u00e1tnych a miestnych verejn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a v\u0161eobecnej\u0161ie ich soci\u00e1lnoekonomick\u00e9ho za\u010dlenenia do hostite\u013eskej spolo\u010dnosti na Slovensku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ute\u010denci na Slovensku,\nnajm\u00e4 t\u00ed najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00ed a t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li ned\u00e1vno na\u010falej \u010delili r\u00f4znym naliehav\u00fdm potreb\u00e1m. [3]\n\n\nV nadv\u00e4znosti na t\u00e9my preberan\u00e9 v Protection Brief II [4] (pr\u00edstup k zdravotnej starostlivosti, vzdel\u00e1vaniu\na zamestnaniu) vl\u00e1da Slovenskej republiky pracovala na nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch opatreniach na podporu\nochrany a inkl\u00fazie ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov:\n\n\n - V septembri 2023 vl\u00e1da roz\u0161\u00edrila zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 pre dospel\u00e9 osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm\n\u00fato\u010diskom z \"neodkladnej a potrebnej\" starostlivosti na pln\u00fd rozsah, \u010d\u00edm nadviazala na podobn\u00e9\npredch\u00e1dzaj\u00face roz\u0161\u00edrenie pre deti ute\u010dencov. [5] Na praktick\u00e9 zavedenie tohto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho\nopatrenia prijat\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dou je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 praktick\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm\n\u00fato\u010diskom zdravotn\u00edckymi pracovn\u00edkmi bez oh\u013eadu na ich \"tolerovan\u00fd pobyt\", ktor\u00fd vypl\u00fdva z\nich \u0161tat\u00fatu do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska. [6] Rovnako je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 posilni\u0165 informovanos\u0165 zdravotn\u00edckych\npracovn\u00edkov a verejnej zdravotnej pois\u0165ovne o pr\u00e1vach ute\u010dencov na zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165. [7]\n\n - Od za\u010diatku roka 2024 prebiehali pr\u00edpravy na zavedenie povinnej \u0161kolskej doch\u00e1dzky pre deti\ns do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, \u010do je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre zabezpe\u010denie ich pr\u00e1va na vzdelanie na Slovensku.\nNapriek tomu neboli legislat\u00edvne zmeny zaveden\u00e9 pred za\u010diatkom nov\u00e9ho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho roka\n2024/2025. Preto sa od \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho roka 2024/2025 Slovensko stane jedinou krajinou v r\u00e1mci\n\n\n1 Pojmy \"ute\u010denec\" a \"osoba s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom\" sa v tomto dokumente pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zamenite\u013ene.\n[2 UNHCR (2024), Operational Data Portal: Ukraine Refugee Situation \u2013 Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine/location/10785)\n[3 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0) [Multi-Sector](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[4 UNHCR (2023), Protection Brief II Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106050)\n[5 Ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva Slovenskej republiky (2023), Ur\u010denie rozsahu potrebnej zdravotnej starostlivosti.](https://www.health.gov.sk/?urcenie-rozsahu-potrebnej-zdravotnej-starostlivosti) Pln\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 nezah\u0155\u0148a k\u00fape\u013en\u00fa\nlie\u010dbu.\n6 Osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom \u010dasto nie s\u00fa prij\u00edman\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edckymi pracovn\u00edkmi z d\u00f4vodu ich \"tolerovan\u00e9ho pobytu\" (s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom\nnemaj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 ma\u0165 prechodn\u00fd alebo trval\u00fd pobyt na Slovensku). UNHCR v\u00edta, \u017ee po obdob\u00ed, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuje tento Protection Brief (j\u00fal 2023\n\n- marec 2024), slovensk\u00fd parlament v j\u00fani 2024 prijal legislat\u00edvnu zmenu, ktorou sa stanovuje, \u017ee zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci nem\u00f4\u017eu odmietnu\u0165\nute\u010dencov na z\u00e1klade kapacitn\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed, rovnako ako nem\u00f4\u017eu odmietnu\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed s trval\u00fdm alebo prechodn\u00fdm pobytom, v lokalite konkr\u00e9tneho\nlek\u00e1ra. N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Vl\u00e1dny n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 480/2002 Z. z. o azyle a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n[niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov a ktor\u00fdm sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n7 Zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci \u010dasto ne poznaj\u00fa pr\u00e1va os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, \u010do vedie napr. k neod\u00f4vodnen\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm\npoplatkom za postupy, ktor\u00e9 by mali by\u0165 bezplatn\u00e9.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nRegion\u00e1lneho pl\u00e1nu reakcie na pr\u00edchod ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny, [8] v ktorej vzdel\u00e1vanie nebude\nv\u00fdslovne povinn\u00e9 pre deti s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom.\n\n - V marci 2024 vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila n\u00e1vrh legislat\u00edvnej novely, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje samostatn\u00fa z\u00e1robkov\u00fa\n\u010dinnos\u0165 os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, v s\u00falade so smernicou Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) o do\u010dasnej\nochrane a s praxou v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da. [9]\n\n\nJedn\u00e1 sa o d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 novinky v k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach. \u00darad Vysok\u00e9ho komis\u00e1ra OSN pre ute\u010dencov\n(UNHCR) na\u010falej \u00fazko spolupracuje s vl\u00e1dou Slovenskej republiky pri rie\u0161en\u00ed medzier a v\u00fdziev ako aj\n\u010fal\u0161om posil\u0148ovan\u00ed ochrany a inkl\u00fazie ute\u010dencov v krajine.\n\n\nUNHCR akt\u00edvne monitoroval a vyhodnocoval situ\u00e1ciu a potreby ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na Slovensku\nprostredn\u00edctvom Protection Profiling a Monitoring, [10] skupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed s ute\u010denkami a ute\u010dencami,\nMulti-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) v spolupr\u00e1ci s IOM, WHO a UNICEF [11] a Site Mapping a\nMonitoring v spolupr\u00e1ci s IOM. [12,13] Tento Protection Brief III konsoliduje a analyzuje zistenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa\nubytovania, za\u010dlenenia do soci\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu a pr\u00edstupu k spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, doplnen\u00e9 o \u010fal\u0161ie\nzdroje \u00fadajov. Opisuje tie\u017e odpove\u010f UNHCR a jeho partnerov, [14] ktor\u00ed podporuj\u00fa vl\u00e1du Slovenskej\nrepubliky a miestne samospr\u00e1vy pri rie\u0161en\u00ed medzier a v\u00fdziev. Napokon pon\u00faka odpor\u00fa\u010dania na posilnenie\nochrany a inkl\u00fazie ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov.\n## K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 trendy a \u010d\u00edsla [15] Anal\u00fdza\n\n#### Ubytovanie\n\nV reakcii na ute\u010deneck\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facu z konfliktu na Ukrajine, slovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ur\u00fdchlene zaviedla\nhumanit\u00e1rne orientovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m podpory ubytovania pre osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom. Tento syst\u00e9m\npodpory, ktor\u00fd bol v platnosti do j\u00fana 2024, zah\u0155\u0148al dve hlavn\u00e9 zlo\u017eky: 1) pr\u00edspevok od Ministerstva\nvn\u00fatra pre s\u00fakromn\u00fdch vlastn\u00edkov nehnute\u013enost\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pon\u00fakli svoje byty a domy ute\u010dencom bezplatne,\n\n\n[8 Regional Refugee Response for the Ukraine Situation (2024), Ukraine Situation: Regional Refugee Response Plan - January-December 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105903)\n[9 Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra Slovenskej republiky (2024), Vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila zmeny v z\u00e1kone o pobyte cudzincov. Po obdob\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva tento Protection](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=vlada-schvalila-zmeny-v-zakone-o-pobyte-cudzincov)\nBrief III, v j\u00fani 2024, bola legislat\u00edvna zmena schv\u00e1len\u00e1 aj slovensk\u00fdm parlamentom. N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Vl\u00e1dny n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona,](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 404/2011 Z. z. o pobyte cudzincov a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov a ktor\u00fdm](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9688)\n[10 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; V obdob\u00ed od j\u00fala 2023 do marca 2024 sa uskuto\u010dnilo 3](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n859 Protection Profiling a Monitoring rozhovorov (pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fac 2 744 \u010dlenov dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed). Vzh\u013eadom na metodick\u00e9 obmedzenia nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky\nnevyhnutne extrapolova\u0165 na cel\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny na Slovensku a len nazna\u010duj\u00fa ich situ\u00e1ciu.\n[11 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n12 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n13 UNHCR Slovensko je v\u010fa\u010dn\u00e9 za rozsiahlu spolupr\u00e1cu so svojimi partnermi \u2013 Slovenskou humanit\u00e1rnou radou, \u010clovekom v ohrozen\u00ed, Ligou za \u013eudsk\u00e9\npr\u00e1va a Mareenou \u2013 na zbere \u00fadajov.\n14 S cie\u013eom posilni\u0165 ochranu a inkl\u00faziu ute\u010dencov na Slovensku UNHCR spolupracuje so svojimi financovan\u00fdmi partnermi v celej krajine, a to so\nSlovenskou humanit\u00e1rnou radou, \u010clovekom v ohrozen\u00ed, Ligou za \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, Mareenou, Sme Spolu, Ligou za du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie, Platformou rod\u00edn\ndet\u00ed so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm a Centrom pre v\u00fdskum etnicity a kult\u00fary.\n[15 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nako aj pre vlastn\u00edkov nekomer\u010dn\u00fdch hromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed [16] a 2) pr\u00edspevok od Ministerstva\ndopravy pre komer\u010dn\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov ubytovania (hotely, ubytovne, s\u00fakromn\u00e9 noc\u013eah\u00e1rne at\u010f.),\nktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval doplatky zo strany ute\u010dencov. [17] Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov v decembri 2023 vyu\u017eilo tieto\npr\u00edspevky viac ako 46 000 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov. [18] Okrem toho Slovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da poskytla r\u00f4zne azylov\u00e9\nzariadenia a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie hromadn\u00e9 ubytovacie zariadenie v Gab\u010d\u00edkove, spravovan\u00e9 Migra\u010dn\u00fdm \u00faradom\nMinisterstva vn\u00fatra, pre ubytovanie preva\u017ene zranite\u013en\u00fdch os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom. Nakoniec vl\u00e1da\ntaktie\u017e vyu\u017eila \u0161t\u00e1tne ubytovacie zariadenia ur\u010den\u00e9 na vzdel\u00e1vacie alebo rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely na podporu\nubytovac\u00edch potrieb ute\u010dencov. Tieto opatrenia zabezpe\u010dovali s\u00falad so smernicou E\u00da o do\u010dasnej\nochrane a pr\u00e1vo ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na ubytovanie. V r\u00e1mci skupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed s UNHCR ute\u010denci\nopakovane vyjadrili ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u010faku za t\u00fato podporu, oce\u0148uj\u00fac pomoc vl\u00e1dy, miestnych komun\u00edt a vlastn\u00edkov\nnehnute\u013enost\u00ed.\n\n\n\u00dadaje z Protection Profiling a Monitoring a MSNA uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na\nSlovensku \u017eila v s\u00fakromnom ubytovan\u00ed (t.j. v bytoch alebo domoch). Z\u00e1rove\u0148, zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det ute\u010dencov\ntie\u017e b\u00fdval v hromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariadeniach. [19] Konkr\u00e9tne, \u00fadaje z MSNA uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee 47 %\nrespondentov malo vlastn\u00e9 ubytovanie, 18 % b\u00fdvalo v zdie\u013eanom ubytovan\u00ed, 22 % v hromadn\u00fdch\nzariadeniach a 10 % v hoteloch alebo hosteloch. Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina respondentov Protection Profiling a\nMonitoring (97 % v obdob\u00ed od janu\u00e1ra do marca 2024) uviedla, \u017ee m\u00e1 n\u00e1jomn\u00fa zmluvu a 84 %\nrespondentov v prieskume MSNA neuviedlo \u017eiadne probl\u00e9my s podmienkami ubytovania. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, 15\n% respondentov zaznamenalo \u0165a\u017ekosti, najm\u00e4 s nedostato\u010dn\u00fdm s\u00fakrom\u00edm (34 %). Ako poznamenal\nodborn\u00edk na ubytovanie v anal\u00fdze MSNA:\n\n\n_\"D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm zisten\u00edm z \u00fadajov je preplnenos\u0165 ubytovac\u00edch jednotiek, s priemerom 0,8 izby na_\n_osobu v dom\u00e1cnostiach ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov. Ak by boli dom\u00e1cnosti ute\u010dencov zaraden\u00e9 do_\n_osobitnej kateg\u00f3rie v porovnaniach Eur\u00f3pskej komisie, situ\u00e1cia dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed ute\u010dencov na_\n_Slovensku by sa uk\u00e1zala ako najmenej priazniv\u00e1 z h\u013eadiska priemern\u00e9ho po\u010dtu izieb na osobu, \u010do_\n_poukazuje na v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m v ubytovac\u00edch podmienkach pre t\u00fato demografick\u00fa skupinu.\"_ [20]\n\n\nMedzi \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci uv\u00e1dzali, patrila nemo\u017enos\u0165 vari\u0165 a/alebo skladova\u0165\npotraviny (26 %), nedostatok samostatn\u00fdch sp\u0155ch a/alebo toaliet (25 %), neschopnos\u0165 udr\u017ea\u0165 sa v teple\nalebo chlade (11 %) a nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 \u010distota priestoru (10 %). \u010eal\u0161\u00edch 6 % sa stretlo s nedostato\u010dn\u00fdm\nvykurovan\u00edm, izol\u00e1ciou alebo dostupnos\u0165ou teplej vody, \u010do s\u0165a\u017eovalo pripravenos\u0165 na zimu. [21] Okrem\ntoho sa od v\u0161etk\u00fdch ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvali pr\u00edspevky za ubytovanie, vy\u017eadovalo, aby sa\nraz mesa\u010dne osobne dostavili na miestne \u00farady, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm\nznev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm alebo osoby s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami. [22]\n\n\nSite Mapping a Monitoring odhalil, \u017ee podmienky ubytovania boli obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pre najzranite\u013enej\u0161ie\nskupiny. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 hromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed v prieskume uviedla, \u017ee ubytov\u00e1va osoby s\nr\u00f4znymi \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami, vr\u00e1tane star\u0161\u00edch os\u00f4b (61 %), osamel\u00fdch rodi\u010dov alebo opatrovate\u013eov\n(24 %), os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm (20 %) alebo os\u00f4b s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami (12\n%). Napriek tomu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zariaden\u00ed (68 z 83 v prieskume) uviedla, \u017ee nem\u00e1 vybavenie na zabezpe\u010denie\npotrieb star\u0161\u00edch os\u00f4b a os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, 36 % zariaden\u00ed v prieskume uviedlo, \u017ee nie\ns\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, 35 % nemalo bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e9 sprchy a 59 % nemalo\nbezbari\u00e9rov\u00e9 toalety. [23]\n\n\nSlovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da d\u00f4sledne zabezpe\u010dovala potrebn\u00e9 pred\u013a\u017eenia pr\u00edspevkov za ubytovanie. [24] Av\u0161ak\nna\u010dasovanie t\u00fdchto pred\u013a\u017een\u00ed \u2014 niekedy len p\u00e1r dn\u00ed pred vypr\u0161an\u00edm predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho programu \u2014\n\n\n[16 Ministry vn\u00fatra Slovenskej republiky (2024), Inform\u00e1cie k pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie cudzinca pod\u013ea z\u00e1kona o azyle.](https://www.minv.sk/?prispevok-za-ubytovanie)\n[17 Ministerstvo dopravy Slovenskej republiky (2024), Lex Ukrajina. Po uplynut\u00ed obdobia, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuje tento Protection Brief III, od j\u00fala 2024](https://www.mindop.sk/lex-ukrajina)\nu\u017e poskytovatelia komer\u010dn\u00e9ho ubytovania nemaj\u00fa n\u00e1rok na pr\u00edspevky za ubytovanie os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom.\n18 \u00darad vl\u00e1dy Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s od\u00eddencami z](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[19 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023),](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0) [Multi-Sector](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[20 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia, s. 23.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[21 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n22 Zaveden\u00edm nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu podpory ubytovania od j\u00fala 2024, ako sa vysvet\u013euje \u010falej v dokumente, sa frekvencia po\u017eadovan\u00fdch dostaven\u00ed sa na\nmiestne \u00farady zv\u00fd\u0161ila z raz na dvakr\u00e1t mesa\u010dne, \u010do predstavuje \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdzvy najm\u00e4 pre ute\u010dencov so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm alebo osoby s\nv\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami.\n23 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n24 Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila zmeny v poskytovan\u00ed pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie od\u00eddencov z Ukrajiny; Ministerstvo](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy-8&sprava=vlada-schvalila-zmeny-v-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny)\n[dopravy Slovenskej republiky (2024), Ubytovanie od\u00eddencov v obdob\u00ed apr\u00edl 2024 - j\u00fan 2024.](https://www.mindop.sk/lex-ukrajina/ubytovanie-odidencov-v-obdobi-april-2024-jun-2024)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nvyvolalo neistotu a \u00fazkos\u0165 medzi niektor\u00fdmi ute\u010denkami a ute\u010dencami. Ob\u00e1vali sa mo\u017en\u00e9ho\nvys\u0165ahovania, bezdomovectva alebo n\u00faten\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu na Ukrajinu a nemohli podp\u00edsa\u0165 nov\u00e9 n\u00e1jomn\u00e9\nzmluvy. Ke\u010f sa bl\u00ed\u017eil koniec programu, ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci \u017eij\u00faci v jednom hromadnom ubytovacom\nzariaden\u00ed vysvetlili UNHCR, \u017ee pravidelne kontrolovali, \u010di s\u00fa ich osobn\u00e9 veci st\u00e1le v ich izb\u00e1ch. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed\npoch\u00e1dzali z najviac konfliktom postihnut\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Ukrajiny tie\u017e uviedli, \u017ee u\u017e nemaj\u00fa domov na\nUkrajine a nevedia, \u010do robi\u0165, ak by pomoc s ubytovan\u00edm skon\u010dila. V tejto s\u00favislosti 32 % kolekt\u00edvnych\nubytovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed v prieskume Site Mapping a Monitoring skuto\u010dne uviedlo, \u017ee si nie s\u00fa ist\u00ed, \u010di bude\nubytovanie na\u010falej poskytovan\u00e9, ak by pr\u00edspevok bol \u00faplne zru\u0161en\u00fd, a 22 % uviedlo, \u017ee by\nnepokra\u010dovali. [25]\n\n\nOd j\u00fala do decembra 2023, 44 % respondentov Protection Profiling a Monitoring uviedlo, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165\nvo svojom ubytovan\u00ed bez \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho obmedzenia. Tento \u00fadaj klesol na 36 % medzi janu\u00e1rom\na marcom 2024. Niektor\u00ed ute\u010denci (16 % medzi j\u00falom a decembrom 2023 a 15 % medzi janu\u00e1rom a\nmarcom 2024) uviedli, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165 vo svojom s\u00fa\u010dasnom ubytovan\u00ed iba 1-3 mesiace. Podiel ute\u010deniek\na ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed mohli zosta\u0165 menej ako jeden mesiac, sa zv\u00fd\u0161il z 3 % medzi j\u00falom a decembrom 2023\nna 12 % medzi janu\u00e1rom a marcom 2024. Tieto \u010d\u00edsla boli v s\u00falade s neistotou t\u00fdkaj\u00facou sa bud\u00facnosti\npr\u00edspevkov za ubytovanie v prvej polovici roka 2024. Medzi t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed mohli zosta\u0165 vo svojom ubytovan\u00ed\nmenej ako 3 mesiace, bolo hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom odchodu ukon\u010denie programu pr\u00edspevkov za ubytovanie\n(70 % medzi janu\u00e1rom a marcom 2024). [26] Okrem toho Site Mapping a Monitoring tie\u017e uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee 46 %\nhromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed poskytuje ute\u010dencom kr\u00e1tku v\u00fdpovedn\u00fa lehotu dvoch alebo menej\nt\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov predt\u00fdm ako musia od\u00eds\u0165. [27]\n\n\nOd febru\u00e1ra 2024 slovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zn\u00ed\u017eila pr\u00edspevky za ubytovanie na polovicu. [28] V d\u00f4sledku toho\nute\u010denci informovali o mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f vlastn\u00edci nehnute\u013enost\u00ed, v rozpore so z\u00e1konom,\npo\u017eadovali od ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov zaplatenie rozdielu, vr\u00e1tane pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f celkov\u00e9 sumy, ktor\u00e9\nvlastn\u00edci dost\u00e1vali presahovali trhov\u00e9 ceny. T\u00e1to prax bola pozorovan\u00e1 aj v niektor\u00fdch hromadn\u00fdch\nubytovac\u00edch zariadeniach, kde komer\u010dn\u00ed vlastn\u00edci, aj ke\u010f leg\u00e1lne, po\u017eadovali nadmern\u00e9 doplatky bez\noh\u013eadu na podmienky v hromadn\u00fdch ubytovniach alebo intern\u00e1toch. Protection Profiling a Monitoring\nuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pri zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkoch za ubytovanie bud\u00fa ute\u010denci musie\u0165 finan\u010dne prispieva\u0165 na\nprev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady v 69 % hromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed v prieskume. [29] Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa v r\u00e1mci\nskupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed potvrdilo, \u017ee zranite\u013en\u00e9 skupiny, ktor\u00e9 sa nem\u00f4\u017eu zamestna\u0165 na Slovensku, skuto\u010dne\nnie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 pokry\u0165 tieto dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na ubytovanie. T\u00fdka sa to najm\u00e4 star\u0161\u00edch os\u00f4b s n\u00edzkymi\nd\u00f4chodkami z Ukrajiny, osamel\u00fdch matiek, ktor\u00e9 sa staraj\u00fa o svoje deti, os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm\nznev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, os\u00f4b s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami a t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li ned\u00e1vno a e\u0161te si nedok\u00e1zali\nn\u00e1js\u0165 zamestnanie.\n\n\nV odpovedi na zlo\u017eit\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu s ubytovan\u00edm UNHCR podporil vl\u00e1du Slovenskej republiky a miestne\nsamospr\u00e1vy prostredn\u00edctvom svojich partnersk\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centr\u00e1ch Blue Dot, cez\nporadenstvo a pomoc zranite\u013en\u00fdm ute\u010dencom pri h\u013eadan\u00ed ubytovania. V tejto s\u00favislosti sa uk\u00e1zala ako\nk\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 partnerov UNHCR po Slovensku a rozsiahly dosah mobiln\u00fdch ter\u00e9nnych t\u00edmov\ndo od\u013eahl\u00fdch lokal\u00edt. Dopyt po ich slu\u017eb\u00e1ch vzr\u00e1stol za\u010diatkom roka 2024, ke\u010f sa upravila v\u00fd\u0161ka\npr\u00edspevkov a bud\u00facnos\u0165 pr\u00edspevkov bola neist\u00e1.\n\n\nV marci 2024 vl\u00e1da Slovenskej republiky prijala pl\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd poveril r\u00f4zne ministerstv\u00e1 vypracova\u0165 nov\u00fd\nudr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd syst\u00e9m podpory ubytovania. [30] Po obdob\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva tento Protection Brief III, nov\u00fd\nsyst\u00e9m nadobudol \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 od j\u00fala 2024. [31] V r\u00e1mci tohto syst\u00e9mu u\u017e komer\u010dn\u00ed poskytovatelia\n\n\n25 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[26 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n27 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n[28 Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra Slovenskej republiky (2024), Kabinet rozhodol o pred\u013a\u017een\u00ed poskytovania do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska aj o zmen\u00e1ch pri poskytovan\u00ed](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=kabinet-rozhodol-o-predlzeni-poskytovania-docasneho-utociska-aj-o-zmenach-pri-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie)\n[pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie; Ministerstvo dopravy Slovenskej republiky (2024), Ministerstvo dopravy upravuje pr\u00edspevok za ubytovanie od\u00eddencov.](https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=kabinet-rozhodol-o-predlzeni-poskytovania-docasneho-utociska-aj-o-zmenach-pri-poskytovani-prispevku-za-ubytovanie)\n29 UNHCR, IOM (2024), Site Mapping and Monitoring [dokument v pr\u00edprave].\n30 \u00darad vl\u00e1dy Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s od\u00eddencami z](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[31 N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada Slovenskej republiky (2024), Vl\u00e1dny n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fdm sa men\u00ed a dop\u013a\u0148a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 480/2002 Z. z. o azyle a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n[niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov a ktor\u00fdm sa menia a dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.](https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/zakon&MasterID=9820)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nubytovania (hotely, ubytovne, s\u00fakromn\u00e9 noc\u013eah\u00e1rne at\u010f.) nie s\u00fa opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed pobera\u0165 pr\u00edspevky, a podpora\nsa zameriava len na ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li ned\u00e1vno a osoby s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi zranite\u013enos\u0165ami. [32]\n\n#### Za\u010dlenenie do soci\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu\n\n\nVl\u00e1da Slovenskej republiky umo\u017enila osob\u00e1m s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom pr\u00edstup k v\u00fdznamnej \u010dasti verejn\u00e9ho\nsoci\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu na rovnakej \u00farovni ako slovensk\u00ed ob\u010dania. Ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 r\u00f4zne\n\u0161t\u00e1tom poskytovan\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne pr\u00edspevky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zabezpe\u010dovan\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm prostredn\u00edctvom\n\u00daradov pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm pr\u00edspevkom je pomoc v hmotnej n\u00fadzi ur\u010den\u00e1 pre\njednotlivcov, ktor\u00fdch pr\u00edjem dom\u00e1cnosti kles\u00e1 pod hranicu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho minima. [33] T\u00e1to pomoc je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\nd\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pre star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed, osamel\u00e9 matky s de\u0165mi, osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, osoby s v\u00e1\u017enymi\nzdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami alebo ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li ned\u00e1vno. Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov dostalo v janu\u00e1ri\n2024 pomoc v hmotnej n\u00fadzi viac ako 12 000 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov. [34] \u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom\nsoci\u00e1lnej ochrany je dot\u00e1cia na podporu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci osobe s osobitnou ochranou v s\u00favislosti s\njej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, ktor\u00e1 je k dispoz\u00edcii ute\u010dencom s dvoma r\u00f4znymi stup\u0148ami\n\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00e9ho znev\u00fdhodnenia. \u00darady pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa individu\u00e1lne\npos\u00fadenia s cie\u013eom ur\u010di\u0165 opr\u00e1vnenos\u0165 a v\u00fd\u0161ku pomoci. Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov dostalo v septembri 2023\ntento pr\u00edspevok viac ako 1 400 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov. [35] Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa osoby\ns do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom k dispoz\u00edcii, patr\u00ed pr\u00edspevok na starostlivos\u0165 o die\u0165a, dot\u00e1cia na podporu v\u00fdchovy\nk stravovac\u00edm n\u00e1vykom die\u0165a\u0165a, dot\u00e1cia na \u0161kolsk\u00e9 potreby a pr\u00edspevok na podporu n\u00e1hradnej\nstarostlivosti o die\u0165a. Okrem toho, \u0161t\u00e1tom podporovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m ubytovania pre ute\u010dencov dop\u013a\u0148a v\u0161etky\ntieto uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky.\n\n\nD\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je taktie\u017e, ako uviedol aj \u00darad komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, \u017ee Slovensk\u00e1\nvl\u00e1da umo\u017enila osob\u00e1m s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom pr\u00edstup k verejn\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb vr\u00e1tane\nopatrovate\u013eskej starostlivosti alebo domovov d\u00f4chodcov a niektor\u00ed odborn\u00edci z radov ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm vzdelan\u00edm boli tie\u017e za\u010dlenen\u00ed do soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb ako kvalifikovan\u00ed\nzamestnanci. [36]\n\n\nNa druhej strane, niektor\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne pr\u00edspevky zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pre ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov nedostupn\u00e9 z d\u00f4vodu\nich pr\u00e1vneho postavenia, ke\u010f\u017ee do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010disko nie je viazan\u00e9 na prechodn\u00fd alebo trval\u00fd pobyt na\nSlovensku a namiesto toho sa im poskytuje \"tolerovan\u00fd pobyt\". Tieto d\u00e1vky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa rodi\u010dovsk\u00fd\npr\u00edspevok, pr\u00eddavok na die\u0165a, kompenz\u00e1ciu pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, pr\u00edspevok pri naroden\u00ed\ndie\u0165a\u0165a, n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9, pr\u00edspevok na pohreb, aktiva\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edspevok a d\u00e1vku v nezamestnanosti. Pokia\u013e\nide o d\u00e1vku v nezamestnanosti, osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom odv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zodpovedaj\u00facu sumu do\nSoci\u00e1lnej pois\u0165ovne bez toho, aby si o t\u00fato d\u00e1vku mohli n\u00e1rokova\u0165. Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u0161tatist\u00edk bolo k\nmarcu 2024 na Slovensku zamestnan\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 30 000 ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny s do\u010dasn\u00fdm\n\u00fato\u010diskom. [37] Ich povinn\u00e9 odvody do Soci\u00e1lnej pois\u0165ovne s\u00fa rovnocenn\u00e9 s odvodmi zamestnan\u00fdch\nslovensk\u00fdch ob\u010danov, vr\u00e1tane odvodov na poistenie v nezamestnanosti, z ktor\u00e9ho sa financuje pr\u00e1ve\nd\u00e1vka v nezamestnanosti. [38] Zamestnanci na Slovensku maj\u00fa spravidla n\u00e1rok na t\u00fato d\u00e1vku ak platili\npr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd odvod najmenej dva roky a s\u00fa evidovan\u00ed v registri uch\u00e1dza\u010dov o zamestnanie \u00daradu pr\u00e1ce,\nsoci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny. Osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom sa do\u0148 v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017eu zap\u00edsa\u0165, preto\u017ee nemaj\u00fa\nprechodn\u00fd alebo trval\u00fd pobyt. Ak teda pribli\u017ene 30 000 zamestnan\u00fdch os\u00f4b s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom\n\n\n32 V r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu podpory ubytovania poskytuje dot\u00e1ciu Ministerstvo vn\u00fatra majite\u013eom ubytovania, ktor\u00ed poskytuj\u00fa bezplatn\u00e9 ubytovanie\nosob\u00e1m s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom po\u010das po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch 120 dn\u00ed od prv\u00e9ho z\u00edskania do\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010diska na Slovensku; a dlh\u0161ie ako 120 dn\u00ed len ak je osoba\ns do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za zranite\u013en\u00fa osobu. Pod\u013ea nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu sa za zranite\u013en\u00fa osobu pova\u017euje:\n\n - \u010dlen dom\u00e1cnosti, ktor\u00e1 pober\u00e1 pomoc v hmotnej n\u00fadzi od \u00daradu pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny,\n\n - osoba so z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, ktor\u00e1 pober\u00e1 dot\u00e1ciu na podporu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci osobe so z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm\npostihnut\u00edm od \u00daradu pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny,\n\n - osoba vo veku 65 rokov alebo star\u0161ia,\n\n - jeden z rodi\u010dov alebo osoba, ktor\u00e1 sa na z\u00e1klade rozhodnutia s\u00fadu star\u00e1 o die\u0165a do piatich rokov veku,\n\n - ich die\u0165a do piatich rokov veku.\nOkrem toho v r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017eu zariadenia spravovan\u00e9 Migra\u010dn\u00fdm \u00faradom ubytova\u0165 aj osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na prv\u00fdch 120 dn\u00ed;\nalebo dlh\u0161ie len vtedy, ak maj\u00fa 65 rokov alebo viac, s\u00fa osamel\u00ed rodi\u010dia alebo opatrovatelia det\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch ako 5 rokov a ich deti mlad\u0161ie ako p\u00e4\u0165 rokov.\n[33 Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny Slovenskej republiky (2024), \u017divotn\u00e9 minimum.](https://www.employment.gov.sk/sk/rodina-socialna-pomoc/hmotna-nudza/zivotne-minimum/)\n34 \u00darad vl\u00e1dy Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s od\u00eddencami z](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n35 \u00darad vl\u00e1dy Slovenskej republiky (2024), [Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie poskytovania a financovania dodato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddavkov s\u00favisiacich s od\u00eddencami z](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n[Ukrajiny.](https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/29358/1)\n36 \u00darad komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm (2024), [Spr\u00e1va o \u010dinnosti komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm za rok 2023;](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf)\n[Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny Slovenskej republiky (2022), Usmernenie pre poskytovate\u013eov soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb v oblasti poskytovania](https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/sk/uvodna-stranka/informacie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny/poskytovanie-sos_ubytovania-ukrajincom_usmernenie_030322.pdf)\n[soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb osob\u00e1m prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facim z Ukrajiny (k 3. marcu 2022).](https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/sk/uvodna-stranka/informacie-odidencov-z-ukrajiny/poskytovanie-sos_ubytovania-ukrajincom_usmernenie_030322.pdf)\n[37 \u00dastredie pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny, Zamestn\u00e1vanie cudzincov na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenskej republiky za rok 2024.](https://www.upsvr.gov.sk/statistiky/zamestnavanie-cudzincov-statistiky/zamestnavanie-cudzincov-na-uzemi-slovenskej-republiky-za-rok-2024.html?page_id=1335245)\n[38 Soci\u00e1lna pois\u0165ov\u0148a (2024), Tabu\u013eky platenia poistn\u00e9ho od 1. janu\u00e1ra 2024.](https://www.socpoist.sk/socialne-poistenie/platenie-poistneho/tabulky-platenia-poistneho/tabulky-platenia-poistneho-od-1-4)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nzar\u00e1balo \u010do i len minim\u00e1lnu mzdu (pri\u010dom mnoh\u00ed z nich ur\u010dite zar\u00e1bali viac), mo\u017eno odhadn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee na d\u00e1vku\nv nezamestnanosti, ku ktorej nemaj\u00fa pr\u00edstup, prispievaj\u00fa mesa\u010dne viac ako 337 000 eur. Zv\u00e1\u017eenie\nroz\u0161\u00edrenia pr\u00edstupu k tejto a \u010fal\u0161\u00edm soci\u00e1lnym pr\u00edspevkom, ktor\u00e9 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 pre osoby\ns do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, predstavuje ve\u013ek\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na posilnenie soci\u00e1lnej ochrany najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edch\nos\u00f4b.\n\n\nPokia\u013e ide konkr\u00e9tne o ute\u010dencov so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, umo\u017enenie ich pr\u00edstupu k r\u00f4znym\nkompenza\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u00edspevkom vr\u00e1tane osobnej asistencie, dopravy, prisp\u00f4sobenia ubytovania alebo\nn\u00e1kupu pom\u00f4cok pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm by tie\u017e v\u00fdrazne podporilo t\u00fato obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\nzranite\u013en\u00fa skupinu. Ako povedal jeden z ute\u010dencov po\u010das skupinovej diskusie s UNHCR:\n\n\n_\"Osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch nem\u00f4\u017eu pracova\u0165; potrebuj\u00fa_\n_dodato\u010dn\u00fa finan\u010dn\u00fa pomoc a podporu, napr\u00edklad na pokrytie n\u00e1kladov na prot\u00e9zy, invalidn\u00e9_\n_voz\u00edky...\"_\n\n\n_\u00da\u010dastn\u00edk skupinovej diskusie v Opatovskej Novej Vsi_ [39]\n\n\nMSNA naozaj potvrdilo ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 zamestnanosti v dom\u00e1cnostiach ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov so\nzdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi dom\u00e1cnos\u0165ami ute\u010dencov. [40] Okrem toho, umo\u017enenie\nich pr\u00edstupu k form\u00e1m podpory, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti viazan\u00e9 na preukaz osoby s \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm\npostihnut\u00edm (ktor\u00fd osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom nem\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165) \u2013 napr. z\u013eavnen\u00e1 doprava, pr\u00edstup k\nverejn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m za nulov\u00e9 alebo za zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1klady alebo osobitn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 podmienky \u2013 by tie\u017e\nv\u00fdznamne posilnilo ich ochranu a inkl\u00faziu.\n\n\nPod\u013ea \u00fadajov Protection Profiling a Monitoring 35 % ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov osloven\u00fdch v obdob\u00ed medzi\njanu\u00e1rom a marcom 2024 po\u017eiadalo o niektor\u00fa formu \u0161t\u00e1tom poskytovan\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych pr\u00edspevkov pre\nzranite\u013en\u00e9 skupiny. Spomedzi nich, 90 % neuviedlo \u017eiadne \u0165a\u017ekosti s pr\u00edstupom k t\u00fdmto pr\u00edspevkom.\nSpomedzi t\u00fdch (10 %), ktor\u00ed probl\u00e9my mali, bola jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra naj\u010dastej\u0161ie hl\u00e1senou \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ou (49 %),\nnasledovala dlh\u00e1 \u010dakacia doba (21 %), pova\u017eovanie za neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fa osobu (13 %) alebo nedostatok\npotrebn\u00fdch dokumentov (10 %). [41]\n\n\nUNHCR si na z\u00e1klade poradenstva a pomoci svojich partnerov v mnoh\u00fdch individu\u00e1lnych pr\u00edpadoch\nv\u0161\u00edmal v\u00fdzvy, ktor\u00fdm \u010delia niektor\u00ed ute\u010denci so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm pri pr\u00edstupe k dot\u00e1cii na\npodporu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci osobe s osobitnou ochranou v s\u00favislosti s jej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm\npostihnut\u00edm. \u00darad komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm pouk\u00e1zal na nieko\u013eko syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch\nprobl\u00e9mov, vr\u00e1tane pr\u00edli\u0161 pr\u00edsnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed opr\u00e1vnenosti, ktor\u00e9 nepriaznivo vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na schopnos\u0165\nute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm pokry\u0165 ich z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 potreby, vysokej miery\nsubjektivity v posudzovacom procese, pr\u00e1vnej neistoty, nepredv\u00eddate\u013enosti rozhodnutia, nedostato\u010dne\nod\u00f4vodnen\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, absencie pr\u00e1vnych prostriedkov n\u00e1pravy a nemo\u017enos\u0165 retroakt\u00edvnych\nplatieb. \u00darad komis\u00e1ra uviedol, \u017ee v roku 2023 presk\u00famal a pomohol s 20 pr\u00edpadmi, pri\u010dom zistil, \u017ee\nopr\u00e1vnenos\u0165 bola nespr\u00e1vne pos\u00faden\u00e1 v 14 pr\u00edpadoch, vr\u00e1tane z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch stavov ako je reumatoidn\u00e1\nartrit\u00edda, post-laryngektomick\u00fd stav v d\u00f4sledku rakoviny a imobilita sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 mozgovou m\u0155tvicou. [42]\n\n\nS cie\u013eom u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edstup zranite\u013en\u00fdch ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k soci\u00e1lnemu syst\u00e9mu a pom\u00f4c\u0165 prekona\u0165\nniektor\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy UNHCR podporil Slovensk\u00fa vl\u00e1du a miestne samospr\u00e1vy prostredn\u00edctvom\nsvojich partnersk\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centr\u00e1ch Blue Dot, ktor\u00e9 poskytovali soci\u00e1lne\nporadenstvo a individu\u00e1lnu podporu ute\u010dencom na mnoh\u00fdch miestach a prostredn\u00edctvom mobiln\u00fdch\nter\u00e9nnych t\u00edmov. Okrem toho, po\u010das 10 mesiacov poskytoval partner UNHCR v Bratislave tlmo\u010denie\nbratislavsk\u00e9mu \u00daradu pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny pri posudzovan\u00ed opr\u00e1vnenosti na podporu os\u00f4b so\nzdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm.\n\n\nUNHCR tie\u017e materi\u00e1lne podporil Banskobystrick\u00fd samospr\u00e1vny kraj, ktor\u00e9mu daroval zariadenie do 10\ncentier integrovanej soci\u00e1lno-zdravotnej starostlivosti. Tieto centr\u00e1 u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k soci\u00e1lnemu\nsyst\u00e9mu a zdravotnej starostlivosti star\u0161\u00edm \u013eu\u010fom, osob\u00e1m so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm a osob\u00e1m v\nkr\u00edzov\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch spomedzi zranite\u013en\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch ob\u010danov a ute\u010dencov, najm\u00e4 v od\u013eahl\u00fdch\n\n\n[39 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024, s.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n4.\n[40 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n[41 UNHCR (2024), Profilovanie a monitorovanie region\u00e1lnej ochrany: rizik\u00e1 a potreby ochrany ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n[42 \u00darad komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm (2024), Spr\u00e1va o \u010dinnosti komis\u00e1ra pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm za rok 2023.](https://www.komisarprezdravotnepostihnutych.sk/Komisarka/media/Spravy-o-cinnosti/2023/SPRAVA_2023_public_view.pdf)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nlokalit\u00e1ch. Na podporu Slovenskej vl\u00e1dy UNHCR v spolupr\u00e1ci s UNICEF tie\u017e poskytol v obdob\u00ed od j\u00fala\ndo decembra 2023 cielen\u00fa finan\u010dn\u00fa pomoc 19 500 zranite\u013en\u00fdm ute\u010dencom, \u010d\u00edm doplnil verejn\u00fd soci\u00e1lny\nsyst\u00e9m.\n\n#### Pr\u00edstup k spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m\n\n\nZabezpe\u010denie pr\u00edstupu ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k relevantn\u00fdm a spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o ich pr\u00e1vach a\ndostupn\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre ich ochranu a \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 za\u010dlenenie do hostite\u013eskej krajiny. Na\nSlovensku MSNA odhalilo, \u017ee 75 % respondentov ne\u010delilo probl\u00e9mom v pr\u00edstupe k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o svojich\npr\u00e1vach a slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 25 % uviedlo ako hlavn\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky \u0165a\u017ekosti s\u00favisiace s nedostatkom\nznalost\u00ed o tom, kde inform\u00e1cie n\u00e1js\u0165 (55 %), nedostupnos\u0165 inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v ich jazyku (28 %) a neistotu, ktor\u00fdm\ninform\u00e1ci\u00e1m d\u00f4verova\u0165 (21 %). [43]\n\n\nPod\u013ea Protection Profiling a Monitoring ute\u010denky a ute\u010denci na Slovensku vyjadrili potrebu z\u00edska\u0165 viac\ninform\u00e1ci\u00ed o k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch aspektoch ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Patr\u00ed medzi ne finan\u010dn\u00e1 pomoc (44 % medzi\nj\u00falom a decembrom 2023 a 35 % v obdob\u00ed janu\u00e1r a\u017e marec 2024), zdravotn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 (33 % za obe\nobdobia), ubytovanie (23 % a 24 %) a pracovn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti (23 % a 21 %). [44] Tieto zistenia sa odrazili aj v\nskupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00e1ch s UNHCR, kde ute\u010denci vyjadrili potrebu dodato\u010dn\u00fdch a jasn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\nfinan\u010dnej pomoci od agent\u00far OSN, z\u00e1pise det\u00ed do \u0161k\u00f4l, dostupnom ubytovan\u00ed a pr\u00edstupe k zdravotnej\nstarostlivosti.\n\n\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov (55 %) uprednostnila komunik\u00e1ciu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom soci\u00e1lnych\nsiet\u00ed, nasledovala komunik\u00e1cia cez telef\u00f3n (31 %) a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky (28 %). [45] V s\u00falade s t\u00fdm vl\u00e1da\nSlovenskej republiky, niektor\u00e9 miestne samospr\u00e1vy a r\u00f4zni humanit\u00e1rni akt\u00e9ri v krajine zriadili kan\u00e1ly na\nsoci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, telef\u00f3nne linky a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky alebo sekcie webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok v ukrajin\u010dine a\nangli\u010dtine s inform\u00e1ciami pre ute\u010dencov. Toto pomohlo spr\u00edstupni\u0165 inform\u00e1cie pre ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 komunity.\n\n\nZ\u00e1rove\u0148, 22 % respondentov uprednostnilo poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed osobne a 21 % cez rodinu alebo\npriate\u013eov. [46] V MSNA dom\u00e1cnosti \"so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm uviedli, \u017ee \u010delia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom s\npr\u00edstupom k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li nedostatku znalost\u00ed o dostupn\u00fdch zdrojoch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed\". [47]\n\u0164a\u017ekostiam \u010delilo 34 % a 39 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed s \u010dlovekom so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm (v z\u00e1vislosti od\nstup\u0148a zdravotn\u00e9ho postihnutia), oproti 24 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed bez tak\u00e9hoto \u010dlena dom\u00e1cnosti. [48] Hoci je\ndigit\u00e1lne poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9, \u010dasto s\u00fa to t\u00ed najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00ed ute\u010denci, ako s\u00fa osoby s ur\u010dit\u00fdm\nzdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm alebo star\u0161ie osoby, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa dost\u00e1va\u0165 inform\u00e1cie prisp\u00f4sobene,\nosobne alebo telefonicky, v jazyku, ktor\u00e9mu plne rozumej\u00fa, a v pr\u00edpade potreby s mo\u017enos\u0165ou kl\u00e1s\u0165\ndopl\u0148uj\u00face ot\u00e1zky.\n\n\nV reakcii na tieto potreby UNHCR podporil slovensk\u00fa vl\u00e1du a miestne samospr\u00e1vy v\u00fdrazne posilni\u0165\npr\u00edstup ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o ich pr\u00e1vach a dostupn\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch prostredn\u00edctvom\n\u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1ly komunika\u010dn\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov. Telegram UNHCR Slovensko, [49] ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 viac ako 10 000\nskladovate\u013eov, prin\u00e1\u0161a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie v \u0161tyroch jazykoch o hlavn\u00fdch legislat\u00edvnych a in\u00fdch\nnovink\u00e1ch t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa ute\u010dencov, osvetov\u00e9 kampane, inform\u00e1cie o finan\u010dnej pomoci a r\u00f4znych\naktivit\u00e1ch a podujatiach. Linka pomoci UNHCR a UNICEF [50] odpovedala v obdob\u00ed od j\u00fala 2023 do marca\n2024 na viac ako 13 000 hovorov, ktor\u00e9 sa zaoberali ot\u00e1zkami od finan\u010dnej pomoci a\u017e po naliehav\u00e9\nz\u00e1le\u017eitosti ochrany. Str\u00e1nka pomoci UNHCR Slovensko [51] pon\u00fakaj\u00faca r\u00f4zne inform\u00e1cie v \u0161iestich\njazykoch vr\u00e1tane komplexn\u00e9ho mapovania slu\u017eieb podpory dostupn\u00fdch na Slovensku, zaznamenala\npo\u010das tohto obdobia viac ako 179 000 n\u00e1v\u0161tev. UNHCR tie\u017e odpovedal na viac ako 200 ot\u00e1zok\nt\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa ochrany prostredn\u00edctvom svojho e-mailu a osobne poskytol poradenstvo viac ako 200\nute\u010dencom. V obdob\u00ed od j\u00fala 2023 do marca 2024 UNHCR skonzultoval viac ako 170 ute\u010dencov\nprostredn\u00edctvom skupinov\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed.\n\n\n[43 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2023), Multi-Sector Needs Assessment Slovakia.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105616)\n[44 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine; UNHCR (2024), Regional](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/330?sv=54&geo=0)\n[45 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[46 UNHCR (2023), Regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring: Protection Risks and Needs of Refugees from Ukraine.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/293?sv=54&geo=0)\n[47 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024, s.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n4.\n[48 UNHCR, IOM, WHO, UNICEF (2024), Slovakia: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023 - Annex Report on Persons with Disabilities - June 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109137)\n[49 Telegram, UNHCR Slovakia | \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 | \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f.](https://t.me/s/unhcr_slovakia)\n[50 UNHCR (2024), Contact UNHCR.](https://help.unhcr.org/slovakia/contact-unhcr/)\n[51 UNHCR (2024), UNHCR Help Slovakia.](https://help.unhcr.org/slovakia/contact-unhcr/)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\nUNHCR z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00fazko spolupracoval s partnermi, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch v centr\u00e1ch Blue Dot, ktor\u00ed poskytovali\nkomplexn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a poradenstvo o dokumentoch, pr\u00e1vnom postaven\u00ed, ubytovan\u00ed, soci\u00e1lnej pomoci,\nzdravotnej starostlivosti, vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed alebo zamestnan\u00ed. T\u00edto partneri s podporou UNHCR prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa aj\nsvoje vlastn\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly vr\u00e1tane skupiny na Facebooku s viac ako 54 000 odberate\u013emi.\n\n## Odpor\u00fa\u010dania\n\n\nUNHCR v\u00edta pokra\u010duj\u00facu ve\u013ekorysos\u0165 slovenskej vl\u00e1dy a spolo\u010dnosti pri reakcii na potreby ute\u010deniek a\nute\u010dencov utekaj\u00facich z Ukrajiny a pr\u00edklad, ktor\u00fd tento pr\u00edstup d\u00e1va na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni aj v r\u00e1mci\nE\u00da. Aj napriek tomuto odhodlaniu a priazniv\u00e9mu prostrediu v s\u00favislosti s ochranou ute\u010dencov\npretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Otvorenos\u0165 slovenskej vl\u00e1dy k proakt\u00edvnej spolupr\u00e1ci s agent\u00farami OSN\na \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi akt\u00e9rmi umo\u017enila identifikova\u0165 a rie\u0161i\u0165 medzery vo verejn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9\nexistuj\u00fa aj v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da prij\u00edmaj\u00facich ute\u010denky a ute\u010dencov z Ukrajiny. V tomto zmysle UNHCR\nformuluje odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre Slovensk\u00fa vl\u00e1du s cie\u013eom posilni\u0165 za\u010dlenenie a pr\u00edstup ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov\nk ich pr\u00e1vam v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pokryt\u00e9 v tomto Protection Brief III.\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: ubytovanie\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - Presk\u00fama\u0165 alternat\u00edvne rie\u0161enia pre zranite\u013en\u00fdch ute\u010dencov (vr\u00e1tane ute\u010dencov so zdravotn\u00fdm\nznev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm alebo os\u00f4b s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami), ktor\u00ed sa nem\u00f4\u017eu pravidelne\nosobne dostavi\u0165 na miestne \u00farady, \u010do je podmienkou na z\u00edskanie pr\u00edspevku za ubytovanie.\nMo\u017en\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 online potvrdenie, n\u00e1v\u0161tevy prostredn\u00edctvom mobiln\u00fdch t\u00edmov\nalebo potvrdenie prostredn\u00edctvom tretej osoby s plnou mocou.\n\n - Prehodnoti\u0165 zoznam zranite\u013en\u00fdch skup\u00edn opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch na podporu s ubytovan\u00edm, aby\npotenci\u00e1lne zah\u0155\u0148al:\n\n`o` Opatrovate\u013eov os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm alebo os\u00f4b s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi\n\u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami.\n\n`o` Osamel\u00fdch rodi\u010dov/opatrovate\u013eov det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nem\u00f4\u017eu denne nav\u0161tevova\u0165 \u0161kolu z\nv\u00e1\u017enych d\u00f4vodov.\n\n`o` Tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny.\n\n`o` Osamel\u00fdch rodi\u010dov/opatrovate\u013eov s tromi alebo viacer\u00fdmi nezaopatren\u00fdmi de\u0165mi. [52]\n\n - Identifikova\u0165 kapacity v hromadn\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch zariadeniach a centr\u00e1ch soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb,\nktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 osob\u00e1m so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami, najm\u00e4 osob\u00e1m so zdravotn\u00fdm\nznev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, s v\u00e1\u017enymi zdravotn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami ako aj star\u0161\u00edm osob\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa\n\u0161pecializovan\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, pomoc, zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 a/alebo bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fd pr\u00edstup. T\u00fdm\nsa tie\u017e posilnia kapacity reziden\u010dn\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb pre hostite\u013esk\u00fa komunitu na Slovensku.\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: za\u010dlenenie do soci\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - Zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 umo\u017enenie pr\u00edstupu k soci\u00e1lnym pr\u00edspevkom pre osoby s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom na\nrovnakej \u00farovni ako ob\u010dania Slovenskej republiky, najm\u00e4 k d\u00e1vke v nezamestnanosti, [53]\naktiva\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00edspevku, rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9mu pr\u00edspevku, pr\u00eddavku na die\u0165a, kompenz\u00e1ciu pre osoby so\nzdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, pr\u00edspevku pri naroden\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a, n\u00e1hradnom v\u00fd\u017eivnom a pr\u00edspevku\nna pohreb. Tieto pr\u00edspevky by mohli poskytn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fa podporu a ma\u0165 siln\u00fd pozit\u00edvny vplyv\nna najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov komunity ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov.\n\n - Zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby sa posudzovanie opr\u00e1vnenosti na dot\u00e1ciu na podporu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci\nosobe s osobitnou ochranou v s\u00favislosti s jej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm vykon\u00e1valo v\njazykoch, ktor\u00fdm ute\u010denci rozumej\u00fa, a aby sa zoh\u013eadnili individu\u00e1lne okolnosti a \u0161pecifick\u00e9\nvplyvy ich zdravotn\u00e9ho znev\u00fdhodnenia.\n\n\n52 Toto odpor\u00fa\u010danie sa uv\u00e1dza v s\u00favislosti so syst\u00e9mom podpory ubytovania zaveden\u00fdm od j\u00fala 2024 po obdob\u00ed, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuje tento\nProtection Brief III.\n53 V s\u00favislosti s d\u00e1vkou v nezamestnanosti sa odpor\u00fa\u010da umo\u017eni\u0165 osob\u00e1m s do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, ktor\u00e9 boli zamestnan\u00e9 na Slovensku a n\u00e1sledne pri\u0161li\n\n- pr\u00e1cu, zap\u00edsa\u0165 sa do registra uch\u00e1dza\u010dov o zamestnanie na \u00darade pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny, aby mali pr\u00edstup k tejto d\u00e1vke.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVENSKO**\n\n**j\u00fal 2023 \u2013 marec 2024**\n\n\n - Zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 uznanie platnosti ukrajinsk\u00fdch preukazov os\u00f4b so zdravotn\u00fdm znev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm by sa\nu\u013eah\u010dil pr\u00edstup ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov k pomoci ur\u010denej pre osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm\nznev\u00fdhodnen\u00edm na Slovensku, ako s\u00fa parkovanie, z\u013eavnen\u00e1 doprava at\u010f.\n\n#### Odpor\u00fa\u010dania: pr\u00edstup k spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m\n\nUNHCR odpor\u00fa\u010da vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky:\n\n\n - \u010ealej posil\u0148ova\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o pr\u00e1vach ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov a\ndostupn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb v jazykoch, ktor\u00fdm ute\u010denci rozumej\u00fa, vr\u00e1tane ukrajin\u010diny, ru\u0161tiny a\nangli\u010dtiny, so zameran\u00edm na to, aby boli inform\u00e1cie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa opr\u00e1vnenosti na r\u00f4zne soci\u00e1lne\npr\u00edspevky zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 a dostupn\u00e9 v jednoduchej forme. To zah\u0155\u0148a aj informovanie o v\u0161etk\u00fdch\nzmen\u00e1ch t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa syst\u00e9mu podpory ubytovania s dostato\u010dn\u00fdm predstihom, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila\npredv\u00eddate\u013enos\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tom poskytovanej podpory.\n\n - Posilni\u0165 informovanos\u0165 zdravotn\u00edckych pracovn\u00edkov a verejnej zdravotnej pois\u0165ovne a\nzabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby boli plne informovan\u00ed o pr\u00e1vach ute\u010deniek a ute\u010dencov na zdravotn\u00fa\nstarostlivos\u0165, v s\u00falade s pln\u00fdm rozsahom zdravotnej starostlivosti pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch ute\u010dencov.\n\n - Podporova\u0165 kapacity \u0161t\u00e1tnych zamestnancov, ktor\u00ed pracuj\u00fa priamo s ute\u010dencami, najm\u00e4 v\nnajd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch, s cie\u013eom u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 interakciu s ute\u010dencami, a to aj zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00edtomnosti\ntlmo\u010dn\u00edkov a kult\u00farnych medi\u00e1torov.\n\n### Pre viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed:\n\n[Richard Koy\u0161 | Senior Protection Associate | koys@unhcr.org](mailto:koys@unhcr.org)\n[Carmen Garc\u00eda | Associate Information Management Officer | garcicar@unhcr.org](mailto:garcicar@unhcr.org)\n[Amanda Majakulma | External Relations Officer | majakulm@unhcr.org](mailto:majakulm@unhcr.org)\n##### www.unhcr.org / Nav\u0161t\u00edvte Operational Data Portal Slovensko\n\n### Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face publik\u00e1cie\n\n[Slovakia Protection Brief I](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/97764) [Slovakia Protection Brief II](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106050)\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a1e07fa-d3c3-4a58-a629-44a66d88fbec/Slovakia%20Protection%20Brief%20III_SVK%20language.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_638/raw/doc_638_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_638/raw/doc_638_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8882edc796be47e73245e1a7df17622c6231e401..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_638/raw/doc_638_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UNDERSTANDING PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRANTS** **AND REFUGEES IN EUROPE WITH SOCIAL MEDIA**\n\n**PARTNERS: UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES**\n\n\n**PROGRAMME AREA: HUMANITARIAN ACTION**\n\n\n## **BACKGROUND**\n\nBetween 2015 and the first part of 2017, ongoing conflicts and\nviolence around the world led over 1.4 million people to seek\nrefuge in Europe, including a high number of families, women, and\nunaccompanied children. This forced displacement represented a\nmajor challenge for humanitarian organizations working to provide\nassistance to people fleeing dangerous situations.\n\n\nSocial media platforms are powerful communication tools that\norganizations use, both at a corporate level and at an operational\nlevel, to directly interact with affected communities. In addition,\ndata from social media offers a wealth of information that can be\nparsed to better understand what people think, how they move\naround, and what they experience.\n\n\nTo date, several research projects have shown the feasibility of\nusing social media data to identify topics of relevance for\ndevelopment and humanitarian action. However, little research has\nbeen conducted to extend the quantification of online sentiment to\ninform on interactions between refugees and service providers, and\nbetween refugees and host communities.\n\n\nTo validate the value of social media data in emergencies, UNHCR\nInnovation Service partnered with Global Pulse to explore how\nalternative sources of data can play a role in pursuing\nhumanitarian outcomes.\n\n## **TWITTER DATA AND FORCED DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\nThe project explored the interactions among refugees and\nmigrants, and between them and service providers (including\nsmugglers) along the journey to Europe. Sentiment, i.e., attitudes\nand opinions of refugees and host communities towards each\nother, was also analysed. To confirm the value of the data, the\nproject conducted ten mini-studies.\n\n\n\nIn the first instance, a set of taxonomies i.e., structured lists of\nrelevant keywords, was created for monitoring both _interactions_\nand _xenophobic sentiment_ for English, Greek, Farsi and Arabic.\nSocial media posts from Greece \u2013 a country that hosts a large\npopulation of refugees and migrants - were analysed.\n\n\nInitial findings from monitoring _social media interactions_ between\nrefugees and migrants, service providers and the general public,\ndid not yield conclusive results. Only few tweets described access\nto territory, asylum conditions and the economic challenges\nencountered by refugees and migrants, hence the project did not\npursue this analysis further.\n\n\nThe analysis of _xenophobic sentiment_ on the other hand revealed\nrich insights for English and Greek in particular. Findings showed\nthat more xenophobic sentiment was expressed in Tweets in\nEnglish than those in Greek, 15% versus 5%. However, a larger\nnumber of relevant tweets were identified for Greek (248,691) in\ncomparison to English (3,969). For Arabic and Farsi, too few\ntweets were extracted to be analysed.\n\n\n_Figure 1: Description of the monitors created in Crimson Hexagon_\n\n\n\n**www.unglobalpulse.org \u2022 info@unglobalpulse.org \u2022 2017** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media data", - "confidence": 0.9026480317115784, - "start": 184, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "EUROPE", - "confidence": 0.6409003734588623, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5303809642791748, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected communities", - "confidence": 0.5246161222457886, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TWITTER DATA", - "confidence": 0.6743881702423096, - "start": 267, - "end": 269 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5768951177597046, - "start": 298, - "end": 299 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "taxonomies", - "confidence": 0.5257370471954346, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "structured lists of\nrelevant keywords", - "confidence": 0.7622290849685669, - "start": 351, - "end": 356 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.8924369215965271, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7752922773361206, - "start": 389, - "end": 392 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Social media posts", - "confidence": 0.6305774450302124, - "start": 375, - "end": 378 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.8504709005355835, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7512416839599609, - "start": 389, - "end": 392 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c445a14-1320-30ca-9f68-857e0f1dad8a/Social%20Media%20Forced%20Displacement%20Europe%20Refugee%20Crises%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on the results of the first iteration, the project developed a\nstandardized information product that was then tested to\nunderstand perceptions (sentiment) of refugees and migrants\nfollowing the 2016 terrorist attacks in Nice, France (14 July),\nMunich, Germany (22 July), and Berlin, Germany (18 December).\nThis second iteration measured the volume of Tweets that either\nblamed, or defended refugees and migrants in four languages:\nEnglish, French, Greek and German.\n\n\nOverall, findings revealed a low number of tweets that blamed\nrefugees and migrants for the attacks 6% (Nice), 11% (Munich),\nand 5% (Berlin) respectively. In addition, a large number of tweets\nrelated to the terrorist attack in Berlin (7%) expressed explicit\nsupport for refugees and migrants, condemning racism and\nxenophobia.\n\n\n_Figure 2: Expression of xenophobic sentiment after the terrorist attacks in Nice and_\n_Munich_\n\n\nIt is important to note that while the percentage of posts blaming\nrefugees and migrants for the terrorist incidents in the three cities was\nlow, it is still representative of hundreds of thousands, to several\nmillions tweets: 0.2M (Nice), 6.4M(Munich), and 17.6M(Berlin).\n\n## **CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nFindings demonstrated that data from social media, in this instance\nTwitter data, can be used to monitor protection issues and the safe\naccess to asylum of migrants and refugees in near real-time. This\ninformation was used and continues to be used by UNHCR to develop\ncommunication strategies to mitigate potential correlations between\nattacks and the arrival of migrants and refugees.\n\n\nWorking with social media requires a dynamic mindset, where a\nproject may need to adapt and change its initial scope, as\ndemonstrated above. The limitations of the first iteration and the\nlessons learned throughout the course of the project helped reshape\nits purpose.\n\n\nIn addition, while these results provide interesting insights into the way\npeople perceive issues related to the Europe Refugee Emergency\ncrisis, they should be complemented by other sources of information\nto ensure a more comprehensive understanding of the situation on the\nground.\n\n\nOne limitation of Twitter data is that tweets may not be representative\nof socio-economic and age diversity, and that Internet connectivity\nmay not be accessible to all.\n\n\nFinally, this project did not differentiate between refugees and migrants\nin conducting the analysis, and used both terms interchangeably.\n\n\n\nThis means that sentiment towards one group or the other could be\ndistinguished.\n\n\n\n\n## **REFERENCES**\n\nBlitzstein, J. & Pfister, H. (2015). _The Data Science Process_ . Harvard Data\nScience\n\n\nCrimson Hexagon FAQ: How does Crimson base its geographical data.\n\n\nLuege, T. (2015). Social Media Monitoring in Humanitarian Crises _. Lessons_\n_Learned from the Nepal Earthquake. Social media for Good._\n\n\nMendoza, M., Poblete, B. & Castillo, C. (2010). _Twitter Under Crisis: Can_\n_we trust the RT?_ 1st Workshop on Social Media Analytics (SOMA \u201910), July\n25, 2010, Washington, DC, USA.\n\n\nUNESCO (2016). _Xenophobia. Learning to Live together. International_\n_Migration._\n\n\nUNHCR (2016). From a Refugee Perspective _. Discourse of Arabic_\n_Speaking and Afghan refugees and migrants on social media_\n\n\nUNHCR (2015). _Policy on the Protection of Personal Data of Persons of_\n_Concern to UNHCR_ . RefWorld\n\n\nUNHCR, (2017), _Emergencies: Europe Situation._\n\n\nUN Global Pulse, UNHCR Innovation Service (2017), _Social Media and_\n_Forced Displacement: Big Data Analytics & Machine-Learning_ .\n\n\n\n**www.unglobalpulse.org \u2022 info@unglobalpulse.org \u2022 2017** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c445a14-1320-30ca-9f68-857e0f1dad8a/Social%20Media%20Forced%20Displacement%20Europe%20Refugee%20Crises%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_639/raw/doc_639_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_639/raw/doc_639_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d8b7be2e7fed62e53770998cb9f1c48c108f950..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_639/raw/doc_639_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons\n\n### UNHCR DIVISION OF RESILIENCE AND SOLUTIONS\n\nNovember, 2020\n\n\nRefugees and other Persons of Concern (PoC) **[1]** to UNHCR have been disproportionately\nimpacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to serious health, socio-economic and protection\nimpacts. Some governments have included certain of these persons in national social protection **[2]**\nCOVID-19 responses, including flexible administrative and enrolment processes. UNHCR and\npartners support the access of forcibly displaced persons to the cash- and in-kind transfers of\nsocial assistance programmes to contribute to meeting protection and basic needs and to help\nboost incomes through support to informal and formal workers.\n\n\nThis paper provides examples ofthe inclusion of forcibly displaced persons to government social\nprotection programmes. It is intended to support the building of evidence and further advocacy for\nthe inclusion of forcibly displaced people in government responses to COVID-19 and demonstrate\nhow the international community can support this.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2** Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons\n\n## Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19\n\n\nCOVID-19 has disproportionately affected forcibly displaced persons around the world because of\ntheir specific legal status and because they largely rely on the informal sector for income. **[3]** In addition,\nrefugees and other persons of concern to UNHCR have limited access to government health and social\nservices, and are particularly vulnerable where not formally registered by a host government.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nForcibly displaced persons, who often have precarious and informal livelihoods and income\nsources, have had their movement severely restricted including border closures. As a result they\nhave seen a decline in remittances sent to them from abroad and access to income has been cut\n\n\noff putting people at risk of pursuing harmful coping mechanisms to compensate for this loss. **[4]**\n\n\nA new set of protection risks due to restrictions in movements, halting of asylum processes, and\na hardening of host-community and government attitudes towards forcibly displaced persons\nfurther threatens their wellbeing. For example, In the Americas, more than 80% of refugees and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons **3**\n\n\nasylum seekers live in urban centres. The vast majority has lost their jobs in the informal sector\ndue to lockdown measures and a lack of recourse to government income support. **[5]** COVID-19\nimpacts are also coinciding with other major disasters threatening the lives and livelihoods of\nforcibly displaced persons: more than five million people have faced severe food insecurity in\nthe lean season across the Sahel region in Africa. **[6]**\n\n## A long-term commitment for inclusion to government social protection systems\n\n\n\nUNHCR worked already before the onset of COVID-19 with\ngovernments and international actors to include refugees\nand asylum seekers to national social protection systems,\nmeeting specific obligations contained in the 1951 Convention\non Refugees **[7]**, and commitments made in the 2016 New\nYork Declaration on Refugees and Migrants, **[8]** and the 2018\nGlobal Compact on Refugees. **[9]** For decades, the international\nassistance provided through UNHCR and partners have acted\nas a form of social protection whilst government systems and\nlong-term funding were reinforced to allow the referral of\nforcibly displaced persons to government social protection\nprogrammes, where possible. **[10]**\n\n\nUNHCR works to align its assistance to national systems\nwhere possible, and support governments who have\ncommitted to include forcibly displaced persons to their\nnational programmes. **[11]** UNHCR links both of these efforts\nunder national policies to set out a transition action plan\nfor refugees and others of concern. This can also include\nbuilding preparedness mechanisms into national social\nassistance programmes **[12]** that trigger emergency support\nand that protect self-reliance and livelihoods.\n\n\n### **Inclusion of** **refugees in** **social protection** **systems has a** **solid legal basis** **in the Refugee** **Conventions and** **was recently** **reaffirmed in** **the New York** **Declaration on** **Migrants and** **Refugees and the** **Global Compact** **on Refugees.**\n\n\n## Social Protection responses to COVID-19 and inclusion of forcibly displaced persons\n\nGovernments are modifying their national social protection systems to meet the socio-economic\nimpacts of COVID-19. **[13]** While this amount is limited when compared to the social protection needs,\nthese interventions are critical and will be reinforced by economic stimulus packages supported\nin some instances by the international community over the medium-term. Refugees and asylum\nseekers benefit from government social protection responses through:\n\n\n**1.** added flexibility of administrative processes for refugees and asylum seekers as the gateway\nto government support;\n\n\n**2.** non-contributory social assistance and family service benefits;\n\n\n**3.** access to labour market support, and;\n\n\n**4.** added flexibility to contributory social health insurance and workplace benefits **[14]**\n\n\nThe inclusion of forcibly displaced persons in these responses builds on pre-COVID-19\ngovernment commitments as well as ongoing advocacy efforts and funding.\n\n\nUNHCR and partners are complementing these measures where access to government social\nprotection responses for forcibly displaced is not possible.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4** Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons **5**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6** Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons\n\n\n### **UNHCR Pakistan cash transfer** **project aligned to the government** **social assistance programme**\n\nUNHCR has launched a large-scale emergency cash\ngrant distribution in Pakistan to over 36,000 refugee\nhouseholds to meet the socio-economic impacts of\nCOVID-19. Sudden lockdowns restricting population\nmovement and the resulting economic slowdown\nhave greatly impacted citizens in Pakistan, as well as\n\n\n\nrefugee communities that do not have access to the\nGovernment\u2019s social security system. UNHCR\u2019s cash\nassistance programme, set up in close coordination with\nthe Commissionerate for Afghan Refugees, mirrors the\ntargeting strategy and grant size of the Government\u2019s\nEhsaas Emergency Cash Programme. The USD 75 cash\ngrants are delivered country-wide through Pakistan Post\nOffice\u2019s digital Urgent Order Money service, which has\nbeen made accessible to refugees in the context of\nCOVID-19. Distributions will be followed up by remote Post\nDistribution Monitoring conducted through phone calls.\n\n\n### Labour market support to boost incomes\n\nSeveral governments target refugee workers to help offset their loss of income and to stimulate\nother labour opportunities. A range of countries provide wage subsidies through the government\nsocial protection system to formal workers (Ireland, Portugal, New Zealand, Canada, Germany and\nItaly). Both formal and informal workers (including those self-employed) are recognised for support\nin other countries (Costa Rica, Brazil and South Africa) receiving payments over several months and\nincluding refugees.\n\n\nGovernments have also adjusted working regulations to recognise foreign health professional\nqualifications across the Americas (Argentina, Peru, Chile, Cuba, Colombia and Mexico) as well\nas in other countries with well-developed social protection systems (France, Germany, UK, USA,\nAustralia, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and Iran). Refugees are included in Europe through\nthe European Qualifications Passport for Refugees. Simplified access has also been opened in\nother industries (supplemented by additional training) including agriculture, forestry, horticulture\nand fisheries (Finland and Germany).\n\n\n### **Refugee inclusion to Brazil** **government COVID-19 social** **protection responses**\n\nIn April 2020 the government of Brazil introduced\na monthly Emergency Basic Income Benefit for\nunemployed informal and formal workers of 600 BRL\n(USD 120) until December 2020 (with a reduction to 300\nBRL per month in the last quarter), including refugees.\n\n\n\nUNHCR and partners are providing support to help\n1364 Venezuelan families access this fund, providing\ninformation and supporting enrolment in partnership\nwith the Ministry of Citizenship and IOM. UNHCR also\naligns its cash-based assistance to help these refugees\nmeet their basic needs whilst the necessary enrolment\nand administrative steps are undertaken. This assistance\nuses new remote beneficiary assessment procedures\nput in place to reduce the risk of infection of COVID-19\nduring the delivery of this assistance.\n\n\n\nAdjusted work regulations are also complemented by investments in scaling up ongoing or new\nemployment programmes, **[16]** for example, providing business linkages between small-scale agricultural\nhouseholds and large businesses. **[17]** Initiatives should build on social assistance programmes to\nprovide training, mentoring, grants and finance allowing refugees to earn an income.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons **7**\n\n\nAs such, UNHCR and other actors are supporting the continuation and opening up of new job\nopportunities for refugees during COVID-19. **[18]** They continue to pay teacher incentives during the\nclosure of schools (Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea and Liberia) and also hire health and education\nworkers (Mozambique and Kenya). UNHCR and partners are supporting the production of masks\nand soap in support of the national health response utilising UNHCR-supported MADE 51 local\nsocial enterprises (Kenya, Rwanda India, Malaysia, Egypt, Turkey and Thailand) and through newly\nset up livelihoods initiatives (DRC, Cameroon, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Niger,\nUkraine and Iran). UNHCR also works with financial institutions to support refugees to restructure\nloans (Kenya and Uganda) or extend access to bank accounts (e.g. South Africa).\n\n### Social insurance to add further protection against COVID-19 impacts\n\n\nHealth insurance and workplace benefits are open to forcibly displaced persons already\nregistered and/or contributing to national social security systems. Many European countries\nfavour access to benefits that refugees and/or employees pay into, rather than to social\nassistance benefits normally financed by government taxes. Some governments are assuring\nor reinforcing social insurance benefits (Estonia, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, Moldova, Sweden and\nBrazil), whilst other governments are increasing the temporary access to health insurance\ncontingent on registration (Greece and Peru).\n\n\nUNHCR continues to support inclusion in health insurance schemes where feasible on par\nwith host-country citizens. This is most relevant for refugees living in urban settings (Kenya,\nIran, Rwanda, Ghana and Sudan) and has been achieved in partnership with the ILO in some\ncountries. Although refugees may have access to COVID-19 diagnosis and care as part of the\nnational health preparedness and response plans, UNHCR, ILO and other international health\nactors will continue to promote progress towards further inclusion of refugees in national health\nsystems and universal health coverage.\n\n## Moving Forward\n\n\nCOVID-19 social protection responses have opened or accelerated opportunities for the inclusion\nof refugees and asylum seekers to government social protection programmes where there is\npolitical willingness and resources available to do so. Conversely, exclusion from government\nsocial protection programmes usually results from restrictive legal systems, perceived or real\npressure on existing programmes with limited resources due to the inclusion of additional\n(foreign) populations and/or a hardening of attitudes towards forcibly displaced persons. For\nexample, around 70% of refugees live in countries with a restricted right to work **[19]** preventing\ninclusion in, and support from, the formal labour market. Further efforts are required to build\non the progress in some countries for including forcibly displaced people in government social\nprotection responses, particularly as government economic stimulus packages are rolled out\nacross the world.\n\n\nThe High Commissioner has called for the inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers to social\nsafety nets (social assistance) and emergency planning to address specific protection needs\nin the shorter term, and the inclusion in national services and social protection policy in the\nmedium and longer-term to build resilience. These actions support the specific social protection\nCOVID-19 measures called for in the ongoing Joint UN COVID-19 Plans including the Global\nHumanitarian Response Plan and the Response and Recovery Multi-Partner Trust Fund, and the\nUnited Nations Framework for the Immediate Socio-Economic Response to COVID-19.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8** Social protection responses to COVID-19 for forcibly displaced persons\n\n## Endnotes\n\n\n1 **UNHCR Persons of Concern** include refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees, stateless persons and the\ninternally displaced.\n\n\n2 **Social protection** is a set of policies and programmes aimed at preventing or protecting all people\nagainst poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion throughout their life-course, with particular emphasis on\nvulnerable groups (Social Protection Interagency Coordination Board).\n\n\n3 Summarised in UNHCR 2020: Global COVID-19 emergency response (June, 2); UNSG (2020): Policy\nBrief: COVID-19 and people on the move.\n\n\n4 See World Bank Predicts Sharpest Decline of Remittances in Recent History\n\n\n5 UNHCR Americas COVID-19 Response Update, No. 12, June 19, 2020.\n\n\n6 Famine Early Warning System Network \u2013 West Africa\n\n\n7 See in particular Chapter III on Gainful Employment articles and Chapter IV on Welfare. Article 20 on\nRationing, 21 on Housing, 23 on Public Relief (\u201c\u2026 States shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their\nterritory the same treatment with respect to public relief and assistance as is accorded to their nationals\u201d)\nand 24 on Labour Legislation and Social Security (including Public Health) are particularly relevant.\n\n\n8 In particular, paragraph 83 of the 2016 New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants which commits\nthe development of national strategies within the framework of national social protection systems.\n\n\n9 Section 2.1.1, Global Compact on Refugees Indicator Framework\n\n\n10 These national programmes collectively cover access to non-contributory cash and in-kind transfers,\nsubsidies and family welfare services ( **social assistance** ), contributory access to education, health and\nwork-place benefits ( **social insurance** ), and decent income, labour and employment opportunities ( **labour-**\n**market interventions** ).\n\n\n11 For example the WB IDA 18 RSW social assistance projects in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad,\nCameroon, Djibouti, DRC, Mauritania, Republic of Congo.\n\n\n12 Termed \u2018 **shock-responsive** \u2019 or \u2018 **adaptive\u2019 social protection:** \u2018the ability of the social protection system\nto anticipate shocks to maintain its regular programme/s, to scale up and/or flex to accommodate new\npopulations and needs as a result of the shocks, and to contribute to resilience building of individuals,\nhouseholds, communities and systems against future shocks (UNICEF, 2019 - UNICEF\u2019s Global Social\nProtection Programme Framework).\n\n\n13 Weekly WB-ILO-UNICEF government updates on countries planned or ongoing social protection\nresponses to COVID-19; IMF government policy tracker.\n\n\n14 Country examples are drawn from consultations with the seven UNHCR regional bureau complemented\nby UNHCR regional, thematic and country operations updates.\n\n\n15 UNHCR (2020): Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in\nthe Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic; UNHCR (2020): Remote Interviewing: Practical Considerations\nfor States in Europe.\n\n\n16 See for example ILO\u2019s the Employment Intensive Investments Programme, Better Work Programme, or\nPromoting Decent Employment Through Inclusive Growth Policies and Investments in the Care Economy.\n\n\n17 Refer to UNSDG paper for a joint initiative on refugees and migrants.\n\n\n18 UNHCR (2020): COVID-19 emerging practices on livelihoods and economic inclusion.\n\n\n19 https://www.unhcr.org/5ecfacab4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/48e71e5d-c5f6-3506-94d1-833d7899d3af/Social%20protection%20responses%20to%20COVID-19%20for%20forcibly%20displaced%20persons%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_64/raw/doc_64_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_64/raw/doc_64_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9e863ba6f89f9be18797a36994cc9a89c19a2110..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_64/raw/doc_64_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**1.** **Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property**\n**2.** **Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects**\n**3.** **Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups**\n**4.** **Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress**\n\n\nThe Protection Analysis Update for Jowhar focuses on the Humanitarian Country Team\u2019s (HCT) priority districts and as part of\nthe Area Based Coordination (ABC) for 2024. The PAU aims to understand the existing protection risks observed within the\ndistrict, and to inform humanitarian actors in developing measures that can help to mitigate identified risks. Jowhar district\nhosts a large population of minorities and marginalized groups who often face heightened protection risks, creating a need for\ntailored response. Therefore, this joint protection analysis conducted by the Protection Cluster and its partners aims to define\nthe protection response strategy and priorities in the district.\n\n\n1\n_[Protection Risks: Explanatory Note](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/994/training-materials/template/protection-risks-explanatory-note)_\n2\n_[Protection and Solutions Monitoring Network (PSMN)) is a project implemented by UNHCR, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) and partners. It is a](https://prmn-somalia.unhcr.org/)_\n_platform for identifying and reporting on displacements (including returns) of populations in Somalia as well as protection incidents and risks underlying such_\n_movements. PSMN as a tool has been adopted at the interagency and inter-cluster level as a source of both displacement and protection data in Somalia._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen the enforcement of laws related to property rights and amend land laws particularly in providing legal\nprotection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) against forced evictions in addition to fast tracking the implementation of\nthe 2019 Eviction Guidelines [3] achieving an effective conflict resolution on the land ownership disputes.\n\n**\u25cf** HLP AoR, CCCM and Shelter clusters to develop tenure options by exploring and mapping all secure and non-secure land\nas well as facilitate issuance of tenure documents to reduce forced evictions often associated with expansion of informal\nsettlements.\n\n**\u25cf** Protection actors to carry out Conflict Sensitivity Analysis ahead of any Durable Solutions programming for ensuring that\nstrategic decisions on land ownership and allocation strategic do not trigger a scale up of the Abgaal/Hawiye \u2013 Somali\nBantu conflict.\n\n**\u25cf** Donors and humanitarian actors to prioritize MHPSS programming following IASC MHPSS Minimum Service Package [4]\n\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\n\n**NO OF VERIFIED**\n**POPULATION** **[5]**\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY**\n**DISPLACED PEOPLE**\n\n\n\n**(EST.)**\n\n\n\n**MAIN TRIGGER OF**\n\n\n\n**LEVEL OF**\n**HUMANITARIAN**\n\n\n\n**SITES**\n\n\n\n**(EST.)** **ACCESS**\n\n\n**CONFLICT &**\n# **432,455 14 35,752 CLIMATE SHOCKS**\n\n\n\n**CONFLICT &**\n**CLIMATE SHOCKS**\n\n\n\n**MODERATE ACCESS**\n\n\n\n**CONSTRAINTS**\n\n\n\nJowhar district in Hirshabelle State of Somalia is home to 432,455 individuals both displaced and non-displaced. The internally\ndisplaced population are estimated to be 35,752 across 14 IDP sites, the majority of whom are minority clans such as the\nSomali Bantus.\n\nOther minority groups within the district include Shidle, Kaboolo, Reer Shabelle, Saddax Cumarow, Carab Saalax, Eylo, Reer\nMaadle, Reer Aw Hassan, Yahaar, Tumaal and Axmad Farax among others.\n\n\n3\n_[https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2014/en/121391](https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2014/en/121391)_\n4\n_IASC MHPSS Minimum Service Package_\n5\n_Revised Population methodology: 2024 UNFPA Adoptation._\n\n\nPage **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Spoken Languages:**\n\n\nThe minority languages in the\n**Middle Shabelle region** are\n**Maay** (16-18%) and\n**Mushinguli** (2%).\n\n\n**In Jowhar districts, Benadiri** is\nthe main language **(47%)**,\nfollowed by:\n\n**\u25cf** Northern Standard\nSomali (Mahaa) (33%),\n\n**\u25cf** Maay (16%),\n\n**\u25cf** Mushunguli (2%).\n\n\nBetween January and June 2024, the district has received 4,658 new arrivals due to internal displacements from the\nsurrounding district such as Jalalaqsi, in addition to the intra-district displacement observed. Main drivers of the displacements\nare conflict, mainly inter- and intra- clan conflicts and those related to the presence of Al Shabab, and climate shocks, such as\nflooding due to the Gu rainy season experienced in the district.\n\n\n**Limited access** by the humanitarian actors to the populations within the district has deteriorated the protection landscape i.e.,\nprotection needs and response gaps. This is attributed to the insecurity and volatility observed within the district, leading to a\nweak protection environment.\n\n\nPage **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RISK 1 Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property**\n\nFactors that exacerbate this risk in Jowhar are multifaceted and closely linked with the region's socio-economic conditions that\nresult in negative coping mechanisms, such as theft or damage of personal property. Furthermore, the situation is often\nexacerbated by recurrent climate shocks, such as flooding, which intensify existing tensions over land and property rights.\nThese conditions frequently lead to inter- and intra-clan conflicts and deliberate property damage, often as part of broader\ncommunity or familial disputes. The frequent flooding in Jowhar has damaged crops and livestock.\n\n\nForced eviction is reported to be common in the district. Rising land costs compel landowners to evict tenants to capitalize on\nhigher rental offers or sell the land. The lack of secure housing tenure and formal rental agreements leaves many Jowhar\nresidents vulnerable to displacement without notice contributing to a cycle of risk and insecurity. These challenges\ndisproportionately affect the most vulnerable communities, including the minority and marginalized communities and IDPs.\nThe severity of these issues is further magnified by socio-economic hardships, environmental crises, and the absence of\neffective law enforcement, compounding the struggles faced by these populations.\n\n\nIn Somalia, the Ministry of Interior developed the 2014 National Policy Framework on Displacement, which paved the way for\nthe creation of Eviction Guidelines. Finalized in 2019, these guidelines are designed to address eviction issues, although they\nhave not yet been enforced. **The most prevalent risk in Jowhar is** **theft, extortion, forced eviction, and destruction of personal**\n**property** .\n\n#### **RISK 2 Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects**\n\n\nThe territory of Jowhar district is contested by two different but simultaneous factors:\n\n\n**Al Shabab presence:** Al-Shabab still controls part of the territory to the point that in Jowhar, the group is not taking a defensive\napproach strategy, but an offensive one that pursues the control of the territory. Civilian population are at risk of becoming\ncollateral targets in either complex or IED attacks to public building and other civilian objects. The presence of Al-Shabab also\nputs the population at risk of extorsion and forced and child recruitment as explained in the following risk under this same\nsection.\n\n\nAs part of the protection response to this risk, InterAction [6] has developed a multi-disciplinary community initiative in Jowhar\nusing the results-based protection (RBP) with the objective identifying and reducing the protection risks linked to conflictinduced food insecurity. As result of this process, InterAction has developed a two-year action plan to reduce the risk of\nviolence by Al Shabab against young men working in restricted areas through a multi-faceted approach. By building channels\nfor negotiation with Al Shabab to reduce punishments while creating opportunities for safer livelihoods, the plan targets both\nimmediate safety and long-term resilience [7] .\n\n\n**Inter-clan conflict:** Inter-clan conflict in Jowhar is dormant as of June 2024 however, any spark can trigger again the tensions\nand scale up the violence. Roots of the **Abgaal/Hawiye \u2013 Somali Bantu conflict** started when the central government of Somalia\ncollapsed in 1991, and clan militias and warring factions filled in that vacuum [8] . During that period, pastoralists started to control the\nbanks of the Shabelle River, inhabited by the Somali Bantus. The migration of the pastoralists from the Abgaal/Hawiye subclans to the eastern banks of the Shabelle River, is a root cause of the recurring conflicts over land ownership not only in\nJowhar, but also in Balcad district.\n\n\nThe Abgaal/Hawiye \u2013 Somali Bantu conflict started in November 2013 [9] when militia from the Abgaal/Hawiye sub-clans\nattacked 20 Somali Bantu villages in Jowhar district and forced over 5,000 civilians to flee their homes. A second phase of the\nconflict took place in April 2017 [10], when the Abgaal/Hawiye militia attacked three villages in Balcad district, forcing a further\n\n\n6\n_[https://www.interaction.org](https://www.interaction.org/)_\n7\n_For more information about Interaction Action Plan for Jowhar, please contact: sommopcc@unhcr.org_\n8\n_Gundel J. and Dharbaxo A. A., The Predicament of the \u2018Oday\u2019: The Role of Traditional Structures in Security, Rights, Law and development in Somalia,_\n_Danish Refugee Council, November 2006, p. 36-37._\n9\n_[UN Security Council Report, October 2014, p.315](https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2014_726.pdf)_\n10\n_War and Peace in Somalia: National Grievances, Local Conflict and Al-Shabaab Michael Keating, Matt Waldman_\n\n\nPage **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "estimated 5,000 civilian residents to flee. Both displacement influx took shelter and seeking for protection at Tawfiq IDP camp\nnear Jowhar Airfield. Both, the Abgaal/Hawiye and Somali Bantu have active local militias which have supported operation of\nthe Somalia National Army in the district.\n\n#### **RISK 3 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups**\n\n\nThis protection risk refers to all situations in which a person is compelled to serve in the forces of a hostile power, by means\nof coercion, threats or other means. A child associated with an armed force or armed group refers to any person below 18\nyears of age who is, or who has been, recruited or used by an armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not\nlimited to those used as fighters, cooks, porters, spies or for sexual purposes [11] . The recruitment and use of children is\nconsidered as one of the worst forms of child labour and is listed as one of the six grave violations of children\u2019s rights according\nto the monitoring and reporting mechanisms established by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612. Somalia\nratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in October 2015, and this is a critical step given it is among the countries\nthat record the highest number of grave violations against children including use and recruitment of children by armed forces\nand groups.\n\n\nThe factors reported to worsen the risk of use and recruitment of children by armed forces and groups in Jowhar include: **(i)**\n**weak implementation of the policies and procedures i.e., the draft Somali Constitution, CRC, 2019 road map and the 2012**\n**action plans on ending and preventing the recruitment and use and the killing and maiming of children,, (ii) climate related**\n**shocks causing displacement in turn increasing vulnerabilities, (iii) poverty, (iv) inter-/intra-clan conflicts, (v) family**\n**separations and (vi) children not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk**\n**to all forms of violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect including recruitment and use by armed forces and groups.**\n\n#### **RISK 4 Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress**\n\n\nPsychological and emotional abuse or the infliction of distress can refer to direct acts perpetrated with the intention of causing\nharm, as well as the indirect results of the infliction of these types of mental or emotional pains or injuries. These include the\npresence of conditions that generate prolonged mental health and psychological well-being problems not addressed by State\nauthorities, including not ensuring the availability of and accessibility to support systems.\n\n\nIn Somalia, the protracted conflict, social unrest and ensued political instability has left the country in a complex humanitarian\nsituation. The profound impact of political instability, conflict, insecurity, coupled with resultant economic stagnation and\npoverty, has been a driving force behind the increased rates of mental illness and psychosocial distress across all segments of\nsociety, with vulnerable groups such as women and youth most affected. The risk of psychological / emotional abuse or\ninflicted distress is one of the risks monitored to be prevalent in Jowhar. This is due to the continual conflict and violence,\ndifficult socio-economic conditions, and recurrent climate shocks, such as flooding that often leads to recurrent displacements\nin the district. The factors have deeply fragmented the social fabric of the society and eroded individual coping mechanisms\nand community resilience thus contributing to severe psychological distress.\n\n\nThe factors reported to worsen the risk of psychological / emotional abuse or inflicted distress in Jowhar include: **(i) Trauma**\n**of Displacement-experience of being forcibly displaced from one's home, (ii) Inadequate Access to Basic Services-the lack**\n**of access to these vital services has led to a sense of hopelessness, helplessness, and a diminished sense of well-being, (iii)**\n**Loss of Livelihoods and Livelihood Opportunities leading to increased stress, anxiety, and a sense of powerlessness, (iv)**\n**Exclusion from humanitarian access causing distress to affected population especially marginalized and minority groups, (v)**\n**Disruption of Social and Community Structures-loss of these social connections and support networks contributing to**\n**feelings of isolation, loneliness, and a diminished sense of identity and purpose.** In addition, this risk mainly stems from the\nlocal environment: systems and the community in place including armed groups and militia.\n\n\n11\n_Oxford University Press, 2019, p. 41-48._\n\n\nPage **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF SOMALIA (FGS) & HIRSHABELLE STATE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen the enforcement of laws related to property rights and amend land laws particularly in providing legal\nprotection of IDPs against forced evictions in addition to fast tracking the implementation of the 2019 Eviction\nGuidelines.\n\n**\u25cf** Implement community policing initiatives to improve security and reduce theft and extortion.\n\n**\u25cf** Invest in infrastructure improvements to mitigate the impact of natural disasters and reduce the resultant\neconomic and social strains that lead to property destruction.\n\n**\u25cf** Identification of public land for IDPs\u2019 settlements to mitigate the risks of recurrent forced evictions, destruction of\nproperties and contribute to finding durable solutions for IDPs.\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthening police force in Jowhar district to protect the civilians from theft, extortion and forced eviction with\na focus on patrolling in the risk areas including IDP settlements especially during the nights.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES, DONOR & DEVELOPMENT ACTORS**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Engage in community-based programs that foster local dialogue and dispute resolution, aiming to reduce\ncommunal tensions and prevent conflicts that can lead to property destruction.\n\n**\u25cf** Promote legal awareness among residents about their rights and available protection against theft, extortion, and\nforced eviction.\n\n**\u25cf** Donors to consider allocating funding to the HLP AoR to carry out key activities geared towards enhancing access\nto justice and support legal structures right from community to national level as well as maintain presence to\nenable legal assistance and referrals to PSS, GBV and Child protection services.\n\n**\u25cf** Enhance the capacity of the law enforcement and the judiciary staffs/district court in Jowhar to ensure access to\njustice for those affected.\n\n\n**HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (HLP AoR)**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Focus on advocacy and awareness campaigns targeting property rights and legal recourse options to empower\ncommunities to protect themselves from eviction and property destruction.\n\n**\u25cf** In collaboration with CCCM and Shelter clusters develop tenure options by exploring and mapping all secure and\nnon-secure land as well as facilitate issuance of tenure documents to reduce forced evictions often associated with\nexpansion of informal settlements.\n\n**\u25cf** Develop and implement procedural protective mechanisms for evictees to safeguard their rights in exceptional\neviction cases.\n\n**SUB-NATIONAL PROTECTION CLUSTER & STATE ICCG**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen mechanisms for rapid response to incidents of theft, extortion, and property destruction, ensuring that\naffected individuals have immediate access to support and legal assistance.\n\n**\u25cf** Coordinate with government and non-governmental organizations to ensure that measures for protecting property\nrights are integrated into broader humanitarian responses.\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen measures to address social exclusion of marginalized communities and enhance targeting of support\nto prevent forced evictions and protect vulnerable groups.\n\n**\u25cf** Support Advocacy efforts and engage with elders, judges and community leaders to increase awareness of the\nrights and vulnerabilities of displaced population.\n\n\nPage **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### RISK 2 Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects\n\n**HIRSHABELLE STATE GOVERNMENT:**\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen the judicial system in the district including access to legal representation for achieving an effective\nconflict resolution on the land ownership disputes.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN LEADERSHIP**\n\n**\u25cf** Durable Solutions programming is starting to take place in the district. Any Durable Solutions Strategy in Jowhar\nwould require a Conflict Sensitivity Analysis carried out by Protection actors to draw conflict resolution\nrecommendations and roadmap for ensuring that any decision on Durable Solution in terms of land ownership and\nallocation is well-accepted by both communities and does not trigger a scale up of the Abgaal/Hawiye \u2013 Somali\nBantu conflict.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES, DONOR AND DEVELOPMENT ACTORS:**\n\n**\u25cf** Support the implementation of Interaction\u2019s two-year action plan to reduce the risk of violence by Al Shabab\nagainst young men working in restricted areas in Jowhar.\n\n#### RISK 3 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups\n\n\n**Parties to the conflict:**\n\n**\u25cf** Respect and adhere to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) ratified by Somalia. All parties to the conflict\nto also respect international laws and to uphold the protection of civilians including children from all forms of\nviolence, abuse, abuse and neglect, protected personnel\u2019s and civilian infrastructures.\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF SOMALIA (FGS) & HIRSHABELLE STATE GOVERNMENT:**\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen adherence and implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).\n\n**\u25cf** Implement (i) 2019 road map to expedite the 2012 Action Plans on ending and preventing the recruitment and use\nand the killing and maiming of children, and (ii) the 2014 SOP for handover of children allegedly associated with\narmed groups to child protection actors for appropriate care and support, ensuring adherence to the standardized\nchecklist on age assessment.\n\n**\u25cf** National and Federal governments to enhance rule of law, security, and protection of civilians from Al-Shabaab\nand affiliated armed actors and non-state armed actors\u2019 threats and violence especially on the recruitment and\nuse of children.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES, DONOR AND DEVELOPMENT ACTORS:**\n\n**\u25cf** Engage the community on their self-protection in fostering protection of children.\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen awareness creation and capacity building on children\u2019s rights including prevention of child recruitment\nand respect for International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL).\n\n**\u25cf** The government and humanitarian actors to ensure the provision of mental health and psychosocial support\nservices and safe reintegration of children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) into the\ncommunity through Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR).\n\n**\u25cf** Humanitarian actors to support the government in policy development/implementation relevant to the protection\nof children and strategic planning to respond to shocks that contributes to increasing vulnerabilities.\n\n**\u25cf** Continuous Advocacy on respecting IHL/HL principles and CRC to minimize the recruitment and use of children by\nthe parties to the conflict and strongly sensitize them on the implications of the continued risk.\n\n**\u25cf** Donors to increase funding for release and reintegration programs of children in addition to supporting\nestablishment of centers for family tracing, reunification and social integration.\n\n\nPage **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CHILD PROTECTION AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (CP AoR):**\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen systems to enhance access to response services for children at risk of or in need of protection services\nsuch as service mappings and referral pathways.\n\n**\u25cf** Train protection and non-protection partners on document and reporting mechanisms to enhance the\nidentification and referrals of children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG).\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen, community and family-based care for rehabilitation and reintegration of released children.\n\n**COMMUNITIES:**\n\n**\u25cf** Support the self-protection initiatives in fostering protection of children within the communities.\n\n**\u25cf** Monitor, document and report incidents related to forced recruitment and use of children.\n\n#### RISK 4 Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress\n\n\n**HIRSHABELLE STATE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n**\u25cf** To address the underlying causes, improve safety and security for the local population by conducting regular patrols\nby the security forces.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES, DONORS, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTORS:**\n\n\n**\u25cf** Strengthen and mainstream MHPSS in the services provided by other UN /INGOs/ NGOs.\n\n**\u25cf** Ensure access to basic humanitarian services and livelihood opportunities for displaced persons, minorities and\nmarginalized communities.\n\n**\u25cf** Prioritize MHPSS programming following the IASC MHPSS Minimum Service Package.\n\n**COMMUNITIES:**\n\n**\u25cf** Engage in community-based protection mechanism to help prevent and address the risk of\npsychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress.\n\n\nPage **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b15c7fb-54b6-40bc-bd2b-1f128b53a8ef/240830_jowhar_pau_somalia_fv_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_640/raw/doc_640_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_640/raw/doc_640_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d5d89f0af7cc097bbdeee96d3f504f92a1a7a445..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_640/raw/doc_640_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,673 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Social Cohesion**\n## An overview of in the 3RP context\n\nPublished June 2022\n\n\n[WWW.3RPSYRIACRISIS.ORG](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\n\nPublished by\n**Regional Refugee and Resilience**\n**Plan In Response to the Syria Crisis**\n\n\nFront Cover Photo by UNDP T\u00fcrkiye / Murat M\u00f6rel\n\nDesign by UNHCR / Julia Klement\nCopyright 2022\n\n\n**Acknowledgements**\nThis report has been produced by\nUNDP under the 3RP Joint Secretariat\nwith the generous support from\nUNHCR MENA Bureau. The paper\nwas drafted by Charles Harb in\ncollaboration with the 3RP joint\nsecretariat: Bastien Revel, Hala\nRizk and Isabel Creasman from\nUNDP, and Annika Gerlach and Mari\nHarada from UNHCR. The 3RP Joint\nSecretariat is grateful to the various\n3RP focal points and key informants\nwho provided input and feedback\ninto the process.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\n## **Table of Contents**\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\n**I. Understanding social cohesion in the 3RP**\nA. Definition\nB. Social cohesion and the 3RP response\n\n\n**II. Syrian refugees & social cohesion in 3RP countries**\nA. T\u00fcrkiye\nB. Lebanon\nC. Jordan\nD. Egypt\nE. Iraq\n\n\n**III. Conclusion**\n\n\nAppendix\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n4\n\n5\n5\n5\n\n6\n6\n9\n10\n11\n12\n\n\n13\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\n\n\nSince the arrival of large numbers of Syrian refugees to\nneighboring countries, social cohesion has been a key\nissue in many countries given that 95 percent of Syrian\nrefugees across the region are living alongside host\ncommunities in urban areas. _1_ With several compounding\n\n\n\ncommunities in urban areas. _1_ With several compounding\n\ncrises in the region, social cohesion and social stability\nbetween refugees and host community members have\nbeen threatened by rising costs of living, and pressure on\nresources and basic services. These tensions are further\nexacerbated by misperceptions, frustrations, and higher\nlevels of stress across refugee and host communities\nduring the COVID-19 pandemic. Against this backdrop,\nsocial cohesion has become an increasingly important\npriority for the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n(3RP) \u2013 a combined humanitarian and development plan\nactive in T\u00fcrkiye, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt to help\ncountries deal with the large influx of refugee populations\nbecause of the Syria crisis. _2_\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n\nConsidering its increasing importance, the 3RP Joint\nSecretariat commissioned policy research into the social\ncohesion across the 3RP countries, comprising both a\n[stock-taking paper and a Social Cohesion Guidance Note.](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\nThe purpose of this stocktaking paper is to: 1) provide 3RP\npartners with an analysis of the current social cohesion\nenvironment in 3RP countries related to host communityrefugee relations and efforts by 3RP partners to address or\nmitigate related needs; 2) formulate recommendations on\nhow to strengthen social cohesion efforts; and 3) provide\na basis for knowledge sharing between the 3RP countries\nto facilitate dissemination of lessons learnt and good\npractices. The [Social Cohesion Guidance Note provides](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\ninsights to 3RP coordination staff and partners on how to\ninclude do-no-harm and mainstreaming considerations in\nthe 3RP response from a social cohesion perspective.\n\n\nThe first section of the paper provides the foundation for\nunderstanding social cohesion in the 3RP context; the\nsecond section surveys social cohesion considerations\nand responses in each of the 3RP countries; and the third\nsection provides recommendations on how social cohesion\napproaches can be strengthened in some countries. The\npaper is based on a select literature review of recent\nreports and documents addressing social cohesion in the\n3RP, as well as interviews and group discussions with 50\nKey Informants (KIs) _3_ from 3RP countries.\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n_1_\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n_3_\n\n\n\nSocial Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\n_Photo: UNHCR Jordan / Mohammad Hawari_\n\n\n_[Regional Strategic Overview 2021 RNO_3RP.pdf (3rpsyriacrisis.org)](http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/RNO_3RP.pdf)_\n\n_See the 3RP website for more background information:_\n\n_[http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/](http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/)_\n\n_See Appendix for a list of interview participants_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "literature review", - "confidence": 0.8414670825004578, - "start": 389, - "end": 391 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "social cohesion considerations\nand responses", - "confidence": 0.7151819467544556, - "start": 352, - "end": 357 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "3RP countries", - "confidence": 0.9186897277832031, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n## **I. Understanding social cohesion** **in the 3RP**\n\n\n\n**A. Definition**\nThere is no universally agreed upon definition of social\ncohesion. In the context of the 3RP work on the Syria\ncrisis, this paper proposes a practical definition of\nsocial cohesion as \u201cthe management of social tensions\nwithin a community so as to prevent conflict and foster\nopportunities for collaboration between groups\u201d,\nincluding at both the horizontal (between groups) and\nvertical (between groups and the state) levels.\n\n\nTensions between social groups (horizontal), or between\ngroups and the state (vertical) constitute a potential\nthreat to peace, and an obstacle to just and inclusive\ncommunities. These social tensions can be observed\nobjectively and subjectively as they often involve\nmistrust, negative attitudes, prejudice, discrimination,\nperceptions of threats and violence, which can in turn\nundermine the ability of stakeholders to provide support\nto refugees, host communities and the institutions\nthat support them. On the other hand, positive social\ncohesion and constructive relations between individuals\nand groups can be a strong enabling factor to address\nthe humanitarian and development needs of refugees\n[and host communities. The guidance note accompanying](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\nthis stocktaking paper provides more details on these\ndimensions and definitions. _4_\n\n\n**B. Social Cohesion and the 3RP Response**\nSocial cohesion efforts have been pursued in 3RP\ncountries since the start of the crisis. This has often\ninvolved building or strengthening relationships between\nparties to develop peaceful coexistence to promote\ndialogue and solidarity, and to foster healthy and\npeaceful relations between different members of society.\nHowever, such efforts have not been without contention.\nDiscussions of social cohesion efforts can trigger\ncautionary responses in some 3RP countries, reflecting\nthe sensitive socio-political context. For example, efforts\naround social cohesion have sometimes created the\nmisperception of eventual assimilation and naturalization,\nparticularly in countries where the ratio of refugees\nto host communities is high. This has led proponents\n\n\n5\n\n\n\nto suggest the use of alternative terms such as \u2018social\nstability,\u2019 \u2018social inclusion,\u2019 or \u2018harmonization\u2019 as more\npalatable options in 3RP countries. _5_\n\n\nWhile social cohesion is a feature of response efforts\nacross the 3RP countries, there are a wide range of\napproaches. On the one hand, different definitions for\nsocial cohesion are used. For example, 3RP T\u00fcrkiye\ndefines social cohesion as \u201ca society that works towards\nthe wellbeing of all members of a society/community,\naddresses exclusion and marginalisation, creates a sense\nof belonging, promotes trust and offers its members\nthe opportunity of upward mobility.\u201d _6_ 3RP Lebanon\u2019s\n\ndefinition takes on a more social stability form through\nthe support of positive behaviours and change agents\nwithin all communities to prevent social tensions from\nresulting in conflict. Furthermore, 3RP social cohesion\ninitiatives vary in methodology, scope and intervention\nand overall goal. For example, key informant interviews\n(KIIs) indicated social cohesion efforts range from conflict\navoidance and stabilization at one end (e.g., Lebanon), to\nstabilization and harmonization (e.g., T\u00fcrkiye, Jordan) or\ncommunity growth and development (e.g., Egypt, Iraq),\ndepending on the context.\n\n\nThough the diversity of approaches is natural given\nthe differing contexts across the region, the increasing\nnumber of social cohesion initiatives, and its importance\nas a thematic area of work to the 3RP, places increased\nemphasis on the need to ensure high standards in\napproach and generating a culture of mainstreaming\nsocial cohesion across all response efforts. Key informant\ninterviews also stressed the opportunities of learning\nfrom approaches, tools, and lessons learned from other\ncountries.\n\n\n\n_4_\n\n\n_5_\n\n\n_6_\n\n\n\n_[See Guidance Note on Social Cohesion in the 3RP for more details on the](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)_\n\n_definition and different elements of the 3RP._\n\n_Key Informant Interviews & STRENGTHENING SOCIAL COHESION:_\n\n_CONCEPTUAL FRAMING AND PROGRAMMING IMPLICATIONS 2020_\n\n_3RP Turkey, 3RP Inter-Sector M&E Framework._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.8668167591094971, - "start": 553, - "end": 556 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.5330342650413513, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant\ninterviews", - "confidence": 0.9463014006614685, - "start": 677, - "end": 680 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n## **II. Syrian Refugees & social cohesion** **in 3RP countries**\n\n\n**This section provides an overview of social cohesion efforts in each of the 3RP countries. The section does not aim to**\n**provide an exhaustive and systematic review of social cohesion initiatives implemented in the 3RP countries, but it**\n**does report on key elements and observations highlighted in the interviews and group discussions that were carried**\n**out in January 2022.**\n\n\n\n**A. T\u00fcrkiye**\nT\u00fcrkiye hosts the largest number of persons under\ntemporary and international protection in the world with\n3.7 million Syrians under temporary protection in addition\nto approximately 320,000 international protection\napplicants and status holders from other nationalities. _7_\n\nCurrently, over 98 percent of Syrians under temporary\nprotection live in urban and rural areas, with less than two\npercent residing in Temporary Accommodation Centers.\n\n\n\nthat the Syrian refugee population is generally not well\nincluded within Turkish society and have in some instances\nconcentrated in specific neighborhood and developed\nparallel autonomous networks and separate informal\neconomic and support systems. _11_ A series of nationwide\n\n\n\neconomic and support systems. _11_ A series of nationwide\n\nsurveys conducted between May 2019 and July 2021 _12_\n\n\n\nThe Government of T\u00fcrkiye leads the response and has\nshouldered the bulk of the financial burden of hosting\nSyrians Refugees. According to the 2013 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Law\non Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP), the\nleading public institution responsible for promoting\nsocial cohesion under the preferred umbrella concept\nof \u201charmonization\u201d was designated as the Directorate\nGeneral of Harmonization and Communication (DGHC)\nunder the Ministry of Interior\u2019s Presidency of Migration\nManagement (PMM). The DGHC led the drafting of the\nHarmonization Strategy and National Action Plan (HSNAP\n2018-2023) in 2018, coordinating all key government\ninstitutions and various additional stakeholders, including\nsome 3RP partners. The HSNAP provided all stakeholders\nwith an overarching reference policy instrument to align\ntheir work. The strategy covers not only direct efforts to\nimprove social cohesion, but also social cohesion issues in\neducation, health, social services, access to information,\nand the labour market. _8_ The government indicated that\n\n\n\nsurveys conducted between May 2019 and July 2021 _12_\n\nshowed that half the Turkish population perceived \u201cstrong\ntensions\u201d with Syrian refugee communities, though some\npositive findings and a recent stabilization of trends were\nrecorded. Language also proves to be a substantial barrier\nbetween refugee and host communities, with most adult\nrefugees unable to communicate well in Turkish despite\nbeing in the country for many years and the government\nmaking Turkish language learning support available.\n\n\n\nThe relative social segregation between refugee and host\ncommunities also contributes to on-going misperceptions.\nAbout 70 percent of Turks falsely believe that Syrian\nrefugees receive a salary from the state. Furthermore,\nmany Turks erroneously believe that Syrian refugees\nare becoming Turkish citizens, do not pay taxes, enter\nuniversity programmes without examination, and more\nthan a third of Turkish citizens believe refugees do not pay\n\n\n\n_[https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf)_\n\n_Presidence of Migration Management, (2018), Harmonization Strategy_\n\n_and National Action Plan (Uyum Strateji Belgesi ve Ulusal Eylem Plan\u0131),_\n\n_[available at https://www.goc.gov.tr/uyum-strateji-belgesi-ve-ulusal-eylem-](https://www.goc.gov.tr/uyum-strateji-belgesi-ve-ulusal-eylem-plani)_\n\n_[plani](https://www.goc.gov.tr/uyum-strateji-belgesi-ve-ulusal-eylem-plani)_\n\n_PMM Presentation at the 3RP Syria Task Force Workshop on Social_\n\n_Cohesion, 1st April 2022._\n\n_[https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf)_\n\n_TEPAV (2019), Syrians in Istanbul and Post-War Syrian Ghettos,_\n\n_[https://www.tepav.org.tr/en/haberler/s/4465](https://www.tepav.org.tr/en/haberler/s/4465)_\n\n_[https://ingev.org/reports/STC_INGEV_lma_Report.pdf](https://ingev.org/reports/STC_INGEV_lma_Report.pdf)_\n\n\n\nand the labour market. _8_ The government indicated that\n\nthey plan to make localization of social cohesion efforts\none of their main priorities for 2022 in preparation of the\nnext harmonization action plan. _9_\n\n\n\n_9_\n\n\n\nAt the horizontal level, intercommunity dynamics in T\u00fcrkiye\nare strained and have further worsened in recent years due\nto the pressures of a weakened economy, and the impact\nof the COVID-19 pandemic. _10_ Multiple reports indicate\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n_7_\n\n\n_8_\n\n\n_9_\n\n\n_10_\n\n\n_11_\n\n\n_12_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nationwide\n\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.9838479161262512, - "start": 237, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "nationwide", - "confidence": 0.5964584946632385, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9043267369270325, - "start": 265, - "end": 267 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.9713284373283386, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018-2023", - "confidence": 0.6550288200378418, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Turkish population", - "confidence": 0.8756557703018188, - "start": 434, - "end": 436 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "water, electricity, or gas bills. _13_ Importantly, while Syrian\n\nrefugees report integrating and adapting well to their\nTurkish environment, Turkish residents do not share that\nperception. _14_\n\n\n\nwater, electricity, or gas bills.\n\n\n\n_14_\n\n\n\nThe Syrian Barometer _14_ (a periodic nationally representative\n\npopulation survey, which seeks to understand social\nencounters, opinions, attitudes, anxieties, expectations,\nand perceptions in T\u00fcrkiye) highlights that 90 percent of\nTurkish nationals believe Syrian refugees are here to stay,\nand an increasing number of refugees do not intend to\nreturn to Syria in any circumstances (from 52 percent in\n2017 to 87 percent in 2020). This ambiguity between a\n\u201ctemporary\u201d refugee status and long-term migration and\nsettlement is a driver of sensitivities and adds stress to\nboth horizontal and vertical social cohesion efforts. With\nT\u00fcrkiye dealing with significant pressures on the economy,\nhealth, education, and employment services, and intercommunity violent incidents occurring sporadically, _15_ some\n\n\n\nSocial Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\nspecific refugee departments in their administration or\nincluded refugees in other consultative bodies such as\nyouth assemblies. 3RP partners\u2019 efforts to mainstream\nsocial cohesion also focus on fostering social cohesion in\nthe workplace through inclusion of Syrian businesses in\nlocal networks and refugee workers in Turkish companies.\n\n\n\nThe Syrian Barometer\n\n\n\nHowever, these efforts are largely concentrated in specific\nareas and are not at a sufficient scale to help address some\nof the wider challenges to social cohesion across the Turkish\nterritory. A recent analysis has shown that clear gaps have\nbeen identified in supporting the government\u2019s efforts at\n\u201charmonizing\u201d relations in T\u00fcrkiye. Recommendations from\nthe analysis include, for example, establishing an InterAgency Social Cohesion and Tension Monitoring System _21_,\n\n\n\ncommunity violent incidents occurring sporadically, _15_ some\n\nKIs warned about an increase in the politicization of the\nSyrian refugees\u2019 issue ahead of the 2023 elections and\nbeyond. _16_\n\n\n\n_16_\n\n\n\n3RP efforts in T\u00fcrkiye engage more than 70 partners. While\nthe 3RP T\u00fcrkiye Chapter does not have a dedicated social\ncohesion sector, social cohesion and harmonization is one\nof the three overall strategic objectives of the response.\nSocial cohesion is strongly integrated as a priority across\nthe response and a 3RP Social Cohesion Framework\ndocument outlining the common approach of partners was\ndeveloped following extensive consultation in 2018 and\nupdated regularly since then. _17_ The framework covers both\n\n\n\nAgency Social Cohesion and Tension Monitoring System _21_,\n\nakin to what has been developed in Lebanon to identify\nand monitor community level incidents and track drivers\nof conflict over time and space. Other recommendations\ninclude improved data generation, a renewed strategy on\nlanguage skills, awareness and information campaigns\nand more focused attention on youth and women. It was\nrecognized that such efforts have to be underpinned by\nimproved vertical coordination & localization of social\ncohesion efforts, including greater engagement with the\nHSNAP\u2019s efforts in that direction. _22_\n\n\n\n_22_\n\n\n\n_[https://ingev.org/reports/STC_INGEV_lma_Report.pdf, see also:](https://ingev.org/reports/STC_INGEV_lma_Report.pdf)_\n\n_[https://en.teyit.org/13-false-information-about-syrians-living-in-turkey-](https://en.teyit.org/13-false-information-about-syrians-living-in-turkey-on-social-media)_\n\n_[on-social-media](https://en.teyit.org/13-false-information-about-syrians-living-in-turkey-on-social-media)_\n\n_Murat Erdogan, Syrian Barometer 2020, a framework for achieving_\n\n_[social cohesion with Syrians in Turkey, March 2022, https://www.unhcr.](https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2022/03/SB-2020-Ingilizce-son.pdf)_\n\n_[org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2022/03/SB-2020-Ingilizce-son.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2022/03/SB-2020-Ingilizce-son.pdf)_\n\n_International Crisis Group: Turkey\u2019s Syrian Refugees: Defusing_\n\n_[Metropolitan Tensions - January 2018, available at: https://www.](https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/western-europemediterranean/turkey/248-turkeys-syrian-refugees-defusing-metropolitan-tensions)_\n\n_[crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/western-europemediterranean/](https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/western-europemediterranean/turkey/248-turkeys-syrian-refugees-defusing-metropolitan-tensions)_\n\n_[turkey/248-turkeys-syrian-refugees-defusing-metropolitan-tensions](https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/western-europemediterranean/turkey/248-turkeys-syrian-refugees-defusing-metropolitan-tensions)_\n\n_Key Informant Interviews_\n\n_3RP Turkey, 3RP Social Cohesion Framework Document, 2020 update._\n\n_[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Contextualizing%20Social%20Cohesion_GIZ_PEP.pdf)_\n\n_[Contextualizing%20Social%20Cohesion_GIZ_PEP.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Contextualizing%20Social%20Cohesion_GIZ_PEP.pdf)_\n\n_Ibid_\n\n_3RP Turkey, Inter-Sectoral Social Cohesion Mapping Exercise,_\n\n_[https://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/repo/interagency/social_cohesion_](https://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/repo/interagency/social_cohesion_mapping.html)_\n\n_[mapping.html](https://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/repo/interagency/social_cohesion_mapping.html)_\n\n_[See Guidance Note for more details on what such a system would entail.](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)_\n\n_GIZ (2022), Social Cohesion Roundtables: Contextualizing Social Cohesion_\n\n_for Different Sectors and Actors in the Refugee Response in Turkey,_\n\n_[https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/social-cohesion-roundtables-](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/social-cohesion-roundtables-contextualizing-social-cohesion-different-sectors-and)_\n\n_[contextualizing-social-cohesion-diferent-sectors-and](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/social-cohesion-roundtables-contextualizing-social-cohesion-different-sectors-and)_\n\n\n\nupdated regularly since then. _17_ The framework covers both\n\ndedicated social cohesion interventions, mainstreaming,\nand do-no-harm, while the 3RP mechanism helps ensure\nthat its work is aligned to the HSNAP. _18_\n\n\n\n_18_\n\n\n\nThe most significant efforts on social cohesion are\nparticularly implemented by protection, livelihoods, and\neducation partners at both the horizontal and vertical\nlevels. This includes language training, facilitating refugee\nengagement with decision making authorities at the local\nlevel (municipalities, councils), and working with state\nagencies (law enforcement, judicial sector, employment\netc.). _19_ A recent mapping of social cohesion interventions _20_\n\n\n\netc.). _19_ A recent mapping of social cohesion interventions _20_\n\ndemonstrates a strong alignment of 3RP efforts in support\nof the Government Harmonization Strategy, particularly\nto support localization of social cohesion and the overall\nrole of municipalities to foster inclusion of refugees in\nservices, as well as in local consultative and participatory\nstructures. For instance, some municipalities have opened\n\n\n\n_19_ A recent mapping of social cohesion interventions\n\n\n\n_13_\n\n\n_14_\n\n\n_15_\n\n\n_16_\n\n\n_17_\n\n\n_18_\n\n\n_19_\n\n\n_20_\n\n\n_21_\n\n\n_22_\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "The Syrian Barometer", - "confidence": 0.5864641070365906, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9187397956848145, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.9840947985649109, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7876682877540588, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian\n\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.8629966378211975, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian Barometer 2020", - "confidence": 0.6662035584449768, - "start": 553, - "end": 556 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.7869837880134583, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6014106273651123, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.579239010810852, - "start": 566, - "end": 567 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Sectoral Social Cohesion Mapping Exercise", - "confidence": 0.5127435922622681, - "start": 677, - "end": 682 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey", - "confidence": 0.9487706422805786, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7756226658821106, - "start": 605, - "end": 607 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping of social cohesion interventions", - "confidence": 0.9305524230003357, - "start": 853, - "end": 858 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9616223573684692, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping of social cohesion interventions", - "confidence": 0.9793956279754639, - "start": 928, - "end": 933 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9562632441520691, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some reports have already provided guidance on how to\nbetter develop this engagement at the local level by bringing\ntogether all relevant stakeholders on harmonization at the\nprovincial or district level under the leadership of the local\nbranches of PMM. _23_ The 3RP as a coordination structure\n\nshould make sure it is supporting such efforts, including\nthrough a dedicated mechanism to coordinate and align its\n\n\n_23_ _[https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf)_\n\n\n8\n\n\n\nSocial Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\nefforts to the harmonization strategy. This should build on\nthe UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework\nfor T\u00fcrkiye, which already made social cohesion and\nsupport to the HSNAP its main specific priority in relations\nto refugees and migrants in T\u00fcrkiye, indicating a strong\nlink with other development efforts.\n\n\n_Photo: UNHCR / Diego Iberra_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\n\n**B. Lebanon**\nLebanon continues to host the highest number of displaced\npeople per capita in the world, showing strong commitment\nto displaced Syrians and vulnerable populations within its\nborders. As of November 2021, the Government of Lebanon\nestimates that the country hosts 1.5 million Syrians who\nhave fled the conflict in Syria, including 844,056 registered\nas refugees with UNHCR, along with 257,000 Palestinian\nrefugees. _24_\n\n\n\nMore broadly, all LCRP sector strategies include a conflict\nsensitive review, undertaken by sector working groups\nto ensure sectors can best incorporate do-no-harm and\nmainstreaming approaches. _27_ In addition, the LCRP is the\n\n\n\nmainstreaming approaches. _27_ In addition, the LCRP is the\n\nonly 3RP country chapter with a standalone sector on\nsocial stability, complementing and supporting the work\nof other sectors. _28_ Meanwhile, a large network of over 200\n\n\n\nSince 2019, Lebanon has faced multifaceted economic,\nfinancial, social and health crises, affecting host\ncommunities and refugees alike. Vulnerability\nassessments have shown sharp increases in socioeconomic needs, gaps in critical supply chains, and\nlimitations on access to food, healthcare, education,\nemployment and other basic services. In 2021, almost nine\nin ten displaced Syrian households were living in extreme\npoverty, with poverty levels also rising dramatically\namong Lebanese and Palestine refugee population.\n\nThe Lebanon chapter of the 3RP \u2013 the Lebanon Crisis\nResponse Plan (LCRP) - hosts one of the most advanced\nconflict sensitivity and do no harm strategies (i.e., social\ncohesion adapted to the Lebanese context) among 3RP\ncountries and likely globally. For example, the LCRP has\ndeveloped the most sophisticated tension monitoring\nsystem in the region, enabling elaborate and highly\nsensitized conflict analysis and conflict sensitive overviews.\nThe Tension Monitoring System _25_ (TMS) led by UNDP,\n\n\n\nof other sectors. _28_ Meanwhile, a large network of over 200\n\npartners is involved in regular conflict sensitive trainings to\nensure that these strategic considerations also reach front\nline and operational staff, with specific conflict sensitive\nguidance material developed for specific issues. _29_ One asset\n\n\n\nguidance material developed for specific issues. _29_ One asset\n\nof the LCRP is that many highly experienced coordination\nstaff hold a significant institutional memory and knowhow.\n\n\n\nAnother element compounding social cohesion efforts\nin Lebanon is that refugee-host community tensions are\nincreasingly overshadowed by tensions within the host\ncommunity. With difficult socio-economic conditions,\ntensions among Lebanese between \u201cthe haves and have\nnots\u201d are the fastest growing and constitute a significant\nthreat to social stability in Lebanon. _30_ The two-year long\n\n\n\nthreat to social stability in Lebanon. _30_ The two-year long\n\nsocio-political implosion is depleting social capital and\nresilience factors, and the threat of violence (interpersonal\nand intergroup) is significant. _31_ This is especially concerning\n\n\n\nand intergroup) is significant. _31_ This is especially concerning\n\nwhen considering that a subsequent portion of the\nLebanese population display some propensity to resort to\nviolence to defend their interests. _32_\n\n\n\n_32_\n\n\n\nThe Tension Monitoring System _25_ (TMS) led by UNDP,\n\nin collaboration with UNHCR and relevant government\nministries, _26_ is a key tool to monitor and analyze tensions\n\n\n\n_[https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf)_\n\n_UNDP Lebanon Tension Monitoring System_\n\n_Namely the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (MOIM) and the Ministry_\n\n_of Social Affairs (MOSA)_\n\n_Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2022_\n\n_Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2022, The Social Stability sector focuses_\n\n_on three main outcomes: 1) strengthen municipalities, national and local_\n\n_institutions\u2019 ability to alleviate resource pressure, reduce resentment_\n\n_and build peace, 2) strengthen municipal and local community capacity_\n\n_to foster dialogue and address sources of tensions and conflicts, and 3)_\n\n_enhance LCRP\u2019s capacities on tensions monitoring and conflict sensitivity._\n\n_UNDP and House of Peace (2022), Guidance Note #1: Getting Started With_\n\n_[Conflict Sensitivity in Lebanon, https://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/](https://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/en/home/library/guidance-note--1--getting-started-with-conflict-sensitivity-in-l.html)_\n\n_[en/home/library/guidance-note--1--getting-started-with-confict-sensitivity-](https://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/en/home/library/guidance-note--1--getting-started-with-conflict-sensitivity-in-l.html)_\n\n_[in-l.html](https://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/en/home/library/guidance-note--1--getting-started-with-conflict-sensitivity-in-l.html)_\n\n_Ibid_\n\n_Key Informant Interviews_\n\n_56 percent of the Lebanese agree with the statement that \u201cviolence is_\n\n_sometimes necessary when your interests are being threatened. UNDP-ARK_\n\n_Perception survey, wave XI 2021 \u2013 as cited in LCRP 2022._\n\n\n\nministries, _26_ is a key tool to monitor and analyze tensions\n\nand provide recommendations on actions to address\ncommunity relations. Data on tensions is collected through\neight different channels, including quarterly representative\nPerception Monitoring Surveys (reaching out to 5,000\npeople across Lebanon each quarter), systematized\nincident monitoring and conflict mapping and monthly\ninputs from UN and NGO partners, feeding into a wider\nanalysis. The findings are disseminated to LCRP and\ngovernment partners to better inform individual and\ncollective programmes and policies. Findings are also used\nto serve as an early warning system for potential conflicts\nand help partners to engage in more conflict sensitivity\nprogramming.\n\n\n\n_24_\n\n\n_25_\n\n\n_26_\n\n\n_27_\n\n\n_28_\n\n\n_29_\n\n\n_30_\n\n\n_31_\n\n\n_32_\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.9828041791915894, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9129201769828796, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5010046362876892, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Syrian households", - "confidence": 0.8519478440284729, - "start": 236, - "end": 239 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "tension monitoring\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.9640879034996033, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "conflict analysis and conflict sensitive overviews", - "confidence": 0.8294587135314941, - "start": 330, - "end": 336 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.6421319246292114, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "TMS", - "confidence": 0.9852879047393799, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNDP", - "confidence": 0.9314557909965515, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "3RP\ncountries", - "confidence": 0.5536318421363831, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tension Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9557597637176514, - "start": 559, - "end": 562 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "monitor and analyze tensions", - "confidence": 0.7178605794906616, - "start": 585, - "end": 589 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "TMS", - "confidence": 0.9007939100265503, - "start": 564, - "end": 565 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNDP", - "confidence": 0.9176260828971863, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9793519973754883, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022_", - "confidence": 0.5809158086776733, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Lebanese population", - "confidence": 0.7989209890365601, - "start": 542, - "end": 544 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNDP-ARK_\n\n_Perception survey", - "confidence": 0.7686111927032471, - "start": 774, - "end": 777 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8289988040924072, - "start": 776, - "end": 777 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.994657039642334, - "start": 836, - "end": 837 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8612616062164307, - "start": 786, - "end": 787 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9315367937088013, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Lebanese", - "confidence": 0.6662423610687256, - "start": 756, - "end": 757 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quarterly representative\nPerception Monitoring Surveys", - "confidence": 0.816634476184845, - "start": 822, - "end": 827 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8681483268737793, - "start": 836, - "end": 837 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\n\n**C. Jordan**\nJordan hosts 1.3 million Syrians, of which 674,228 are\nregistered with UNHCR, _33_ making it the second largest\n\n\n\nregistered with UNHCR, _33_ making it the second largest\n\nper capita refugee hosting country in the world in 2021.\nThe COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on\nJordan, with heavy increases in unemployment, food\ninsecurity, gender-based violence, and reduced access\nto education and health services. Three quarters of the\ngeneral population reported difficulties in meeting even\ntheir basic needs like food and rent, while this exceeded\n85 percent for the most vulnerable. Only two percent of\nrefugee households can meet their essential food needs\nwithout any harmful coping strategies. _34_ The pandemic has\n\n\n\nInterviews with KIs pointed to opportunities to improve\nsocial cohesion efforts notwithstanding the reticence\nof some stakeholders. This included, for example,\nestablishing a social cohesion and tension monitoring\nsystem _36_ to identify and monitor community level incidents\n\n\n\nwithout any harmful coping strategies. _34_ The pandemic has\n\nundone the progress made over previous years, with some\nvulnerability indicators regressing to levels first recorded\nin 2014. Furthermore, social cohesion challenges in Jordan\nare not restricted to refugee populations, but also extend\nto the instability and precarity of conditions for Jordanians\nthemselves.\n\n\n\nsystem _36_ to identify and monitor community level incidents\n\nand track drivers of conflict over time and space; as well\nas developing and mainstreaming a more ambitious social\ncohesion programme in Jordan, built on robust analysis\nand dissemination of data generated on social cohesion.\nThis would allow for the deployment of targeted service\nprovisions and the development of country and location\nspecific efforts to mainstream social cohesion in the Jordan\nResponse Plan (JRP) and 3RP interventions. This would\nalso be particularly necessary to ensure conflict-sensitive\napproaches and do-no-harm, at a phase where the JRP\nand 3RP efforts are increasingly focused on inclusion\nof refugees in national systems and the Humanitarian\nDevelopment Nexus. _37_\n\n\n\n_37_\n\n\n\nThe approach to social cohesion in Jordan is less structured\nthan in other 3RP countries. Specific social cohesion\ninitiatives in Jordan are linked to intercommunity contact\nprojects (shared spaces, cultural events, community\ninitiatives) and establishing community committees, both\nin specific urban neighborhood and in rural communities.\n\n_35_ Some pioneering projects involve dialogue sessions\nbetween Iraqi and host communities on one side and\nrelevant local stakeholders, including authorities on the\nother, but appear to have limited reach and support. _35_\n\nDespite these promising initiatives, there does not appear\nto be a common and coordinated approach to social\ncohesion in Jordan, one that would be able to bring 3RP\nand government actors together to address the social\ncohesion challenges. This could be partly a result of social\ncohesion remaining a sensitive topic in Jordan with formal\nstakeholders often not receptive to such efforts.\n\n\n\n_33_\n\n\n_34_\n\n\n_35_\n\n\n_36_\n\n\n_37_\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n_Jordan Inter-Agency Portal, Figures as of 31 March 2022._\n\n_[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/36](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/36)_\n\n_Ibid_\n\n_Key Informant Interviews_\n\n_[See Guidance Note](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)_\n\n_Jordan Humanitarian Development Partners Group, December 2021_\n\n_Workshop on the future of the Refugee Response summary note._\n\n\n\n_Photo: UNDP Jordan_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social cohesion and tension monitoring\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.9828377962112427, - "start": 173, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "identify and monitor community level incidents", - "confidence": 0.503350019454956, - "start": 248, - "end": 254 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.7081843018531799, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9667387008666992, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9609618782997131, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.564050555229187, - "start": 228, - "end": 230 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**D. Egypt**\nAs of November 2021, 258,862 refugees and asylum\nseekers from 58 different nationalities were registered\nin Egypt, including 130,085 Syrian refugees. _38_ These\n\nnumbers constitute a small fraction of the estimated 100\nmillion strong Egyptian population. The environment for\nrefugees and asylum seekers in Egypt remains conducive.\nSyrians are welcomed in the country and there is favorable\ntreatment by society and authorities alike. While visa\nrequirements introduced in July 2013 for Syrians entering\nEgypt are maintained, some Syrians continue to enter\nEgypt, including based on family reunification. The\nGovernment of Egypt (GoE) continues to allow refugees\nand asylum-seekers registered with UNHCR to regularize\ntheir residency and grants six-month renewable residence\npermits following a lengthy process. (This remains a major\nchallenge for many refugees.)\n\n\nSyrian refugees mostly reside in urban areas alongside\nEgyptian communities across the country, mainly\nconcentrated in Greater Cairo, Alexandria and Damietta.\nThey continue to have access to public education and\nhealth services on equal footing to Egyptians. Such sharing\nof public services and subsidies represents an added\nchallenge for the Egyptian economy, which has already\nbeen facing difficulties in recent years. Structural economic\nchanges in Egypt significantly affect all aspects of the lives\nof refugees and asylum-seekers. As a result, many families\nare not able to meet their basic needs and are increasingly\ndependent on humanitarian assistance. As such, many of\nthe stressors faced by Syrian refugees are like those facing\nlocal populations, with difficulties accessing basic services\nand formal employment (as opposed to informal labor\nmarket).\n\n\nYet, the historical presence of Syrian nationals in Egypt\nfacilitated the absorption of the small influx of Syrian\nrefugees, who seem to have been perceived as a welcome\nand enriching addition to the life of local communities\n(e.g., in the Food and Beverage sector). _39_ Egypt presents\n\na unique case where strengthening social cohesion falls\nmore on the positive end of the continuum, with social\ncohesion efforts that could be deployed to maximize\nintercultural exchanges and peaceful synergies between\nthe communities to increase community growth.\n\n\n11\n\n\n\nSocial Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n\nThis is reflected in the 3RP Egypt country chapter related to\nsocial cohesion, which includes dedicated efforts to foster\nlocal integration of refugees. The 3RP Protection Sector\nStrategy includes a dedicated objective related to social\ncohesion. _40_ This is complemented by dedicated efforts for\n\ninclusive access to services. The education sector strategy\nincludes efforts to engage students, parents, teachers to\nreduce the potential tensions. Such a specific reference to\nintegration in local communities remains a unique feature\nof Egypt compared to other 3RP countries. Further efforts\ncould focus on more community development and growth\n[(see also guidance note).](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\n\n\nWhile there is no systematic assessment of social cohesion\nin Egypt, observers report no identifiable tensions between\nSyrian refugees and local populations, but do report on\npotential tensions between host communities and other\ncommunities, notably with those coming from Sub-Saharan\nAfrica or neighboring countries (e.g., Sudan, Libya). _41_ Some\n\nobservers noted that this will take on increased relevance\nas the 3RP adopts a one refugee approach.\n\n\n\n_38_\n\n\n_39_\n\n\n_40_\n\n\n_41_\n\n\n\n_In conversations with the IOM, the Egyptian Prime Minster stated that 5_\n\n_million refugees reside in Egypt, and are provided with education and_\n\n_health services and employment opportunities similar to those received by_\n\n_Egyptian nationals (e.g. Al Ahram, Dec 18, 2018)._\n\n_Ibid_\n\n_3RP Egypt Country Chapter 2020-2021, Protection Sector Objective 4:_\n\n_Community participation and outreach mechanisms are enhanced,_\n\n_aiming at strengthening peaceful coexistence among refugees and host_\n\n_communities, as well as at identifying and addressing the needs of the_\n\n_most vulnerable._\n\n_Key Informant Interviews_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**E. Iraq**\nThere are an estimated quarter million Syrian refugees in\nIraq today, almost all of whom are of Syrian Kurdish origin\nand currently residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq\n(KR-I). Over two thirds reside within the local community,\nwhile others are distributed across ten camps. The overall\nenvironment in KR-I remains largely favorable. Local\nauthorities and host communities remain welcoming\nand accommodating towards the refugee population. _42_\n\n\n\nand accommodating towards the refugee population. _42_\n\nLack of access to sustainable employment and livelihood\nopportunities remains the main vulnerability reported by\nSyrian refugees and the root cause of protection issues,\nsuch as child labor and child marriage. _43_\n\n\n\n_43_\n\n\n\nAs it relates to the 3RP and refugee-host community\ntensions, social cohesion efforts in KR-I are thus less\nabout mitigating tensions between refugee and host\ncommunities, and more about development and growth\nbetween the two populations, as integration is perceived\npositively by both. Yearly, multi-sector needs assessments\ndo not appear to report any significant social cohesion\nproblems between refugee and host communities, as both\nshare a common cultural and ingroup identity.\n\n\nConditions in KR-I at least do not seem to necessitate\ntension monitoring systems, or large-scale conflict\nsensitivity analyses, as conflict between refugee and\nhost communities is rarely reported. The situation in KR-I\ndoes provide space however to explore how to maximize\nsocial cohesion between refugees and host communities\nto improve community growth and enhancement and\nto consider the long-term implications of the protracted\nconflict on the integration and development plans for\nrefugee populations. Projects aimed at improving the\nquality of life and general community growth would thus\nbe beneficial and would constitute the focus of social\ncohesion efforts in the region. There does of course remain\nlarge scale challenges related to social cohesion among\nIraq\u2019s different groups and large-scale IDP population,\nwhich are beyond the purview of this report.\n\n\n\n_Photo: UNDP_\n\n\n\n_42_\n\n\n_43_\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n_Key Informant Interviews_\n\n_[https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RSO2022.pdf)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Social Cohesion:\nAn Overview of Host Community-Refugee dynamics in the 3RP context\n\n## **III. Conclusions**\n\n\n**The 3RP has undertaken significant efforts to address social cohesion; from efforts to avoid conflict and violence**\n**to efforts of stabilization and harmonization (e.g., Jordan, T\u00fcrkiye). The nature of the 3RP response means that**\n**different approaches and strategies to address the unique challenges in each of the 3RP countries will be required.**\n**Some common conclusions and recommendations are as follows:**\n\n\n\n\n- **Social tensions between refugees and host communities**\n**are a source of concern**, particularly in Lebanon, Jordan,\nand T\u00fcrkiye where the size of the refugee population and\nits concentration in particular areas have a direct effect\non social cohesion dynamics. In other countries, some\nstructural issues related to macro-economic challenges\ncould further undermine inter-community relations.\nMoreover, the existence of tensions constitutes a barrier\nto achieving some of the 3RP objectives to protect and\nfoster access to services and self-reliance to refugees and\nhost communities.\n\n\n- **The role played by central authorities will have a direct**\n**influence on social cohesion**, as it provides a frame and\nshapes how communities and individuals approach intercommunity relations. In some countries, central authorities\nare deeply involved in the management of social affairs and\nare highly invested in overseeing social cohesion efforts\npertaining to Syrian Refugees. In others, authorities are\nless involved. The national authority position will impact\nthe vertical dimension of social cohesion and determine\nthe activities that the 3RP should develop to strengthen\nsocial cohesion.\n\n\n- **The size and scale of the 3RP response means that**\n**having structured and mainstreamed conflict-sensitivity**\n**and do-no-harm approaches are critical** so that the\nresponse does not create or fuel tensions but can reduce\nthem in a coordinated way. In some countries, 3RP\nactors have already developed a dedicated approach to\nsocial cohesion issues. In others, good inter-community\nrelations provide an opportunity to capitalize on positive\nfactors to foster local development. In particular, there are\nopportunities to learn from and expand on the advanced\nwork done in Lebanon. Across the board, coordination\nefforts and communications between UN agencies, local\nstakeholders, and government agencies on social cohesion\ncan be strengthened.\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n- **The 3RP needs to take a medium to long-term view of**\n**the response and social cohesion efforts**, given that most\nof the 3RP countries are likely to maintain a large-scale\nrefugee population for the coming years. This is particularly\nsalient in the post pandemic era, with economic and\npolitical stability indicators adding further stress to already\nstrained social relations and capital.\n\n\n- **The role and influence of Donors** is often underreported and insufficiently explored when it comes to\nsocial cohesion initiatives. The protracted nature of the\nrefugee situation in 3RP countries requires reconsidering\nthe nature of funding cycles that do not enable longer-term\nprojects that strengthen or mainstream social cohesion\n[(see Guidance Note).](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\n\n\n- Finally, social cohesion efforts and planning need to\nbe mindful of key principles and procedures necessary\nfor a successful outcome to **ensure beneficence and**\n**non-maleficence** . The accompanying [Guidance Note to](https://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Social_Cohesion_Regional_Guidance_Note.pdf)\nmainstreaming social cohesion in the 3RP is an important\nreference document in that regard.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f0a38e19-133d-4ab5-a863-6082acd4bde7/Social_Cohesion_Papers_Overview.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_641/raw/doc_641_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_641/raw/doc_641_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1830cb157410795790136c6511c9f10ebce78985..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_641/raw/doc_641_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1564ad3f-12c4-4cac-a95c-18d4dd9938fe/Spotlight%20Note_%20Socio-economic%20integrat...atin%20America%20and%20the%20Caribbean%20_%20ACNUR.pdf", - 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{ - "input_text": "# **Spotlights of Romania:**\n## Promising practices from the Ground\n\n### **September 2023** **Inter-Agency Coordination Unit**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 2\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\n\n\nSince the start of the international armed conflict in Ukraine, which has forced some 5.8 million people to flee\ntheir homes seeking safety, protection and assistance across Europe, more than 4.5 million border crossings\ninto Romania have been recorded. The Government and partners, including civil society, the private sector,\nvolunteers, and international organizations have responded to the crisis with generosity and hospitality. UN\nagencies and NGOs, support the national response in coordination of humanitarian actors under the\nframework of the Refugee Response Plan (RRP) and through the Refugee Coordination Forum (RCF) and\nsector working groups.\n\n\nThe 2023 Romania RRP is aligned with the Government National Plan of Measures (NPM) for the protection\nand inclusion of refugees from Ukraine. UNHCR is leading the Inter-Agency platform comprising of 34\nappealing partners implementing humanitarian activities for the refugees from Ukraine.\n\n\nSince the first RRP was launched in 2022, the response in Romania has continued to adapt to the context on\nthe ground to better serve the needs of the target populations. Recognizing the importance of finding new\nand innovative solutions to address emerging issues and challenges, stakeholders at all levels have\nmaintained a spirit of cooperation and collaboration to best serve the concerned populations.\n\n\nThroughout 2023, the Inter-Agency Coordination Unit has highlighted RRP partner projects in Romania and\nidentified some best practices and lessons which highlight innovation, collaborative efforts and coordination\nto meet the needs of the most vulnerable populations throughout the country. This document details the\nprojects highlighted in the Inter Agency Situational Report during 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 3\n\n\n**Contents**\nEmpowering displaced individuals from Ukraine in their quest to self-reliance by Project Voyager\nthrough the Jobs for Ukraine project ................................................................................................ 4\n\n\nA Testament to Unity and Support to refugees, the Migrant Integration Center in Brasov Steps Up to\nProvide Aid ...................................................................................................................................... 5\n\n\nResilience Innovation Facilities Centres (RIFs), known as Innovation Hubs, Terre des hommes\nRomania .......................................................................................................................................... 7\n\n\nHow World Vision Happy Bubbles impact the lives of refugee children from Ukraine in Romania .... 9\n\n\nPATRIR\u2019s Ukraine House Community Centres support Culture Inclusion and Social Cohesion ..... 11\n\n\nThe crucial role of cultural mediators in Romania's Ukrainian refugee response ............................ 13\n\n\nHabitat for Humanity Romania - the Edmond Centre - Shelter and Social Hub .............................. 14\n\n\nFour simple adjustments to accelerate inclusion of Ukrainian pupils in the audient format ............. 15\n\n\nJesuit Refugee Service (JRS) intervention in Romania .................................................................. 17\n\n\nSpaces for Ukrainians and Romanians youth, the National Youth Foundation ............................... 18\n\n\nThe Nicolina Centre (Soseaua Nicolina), Iasi ................................................................................. 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 4\n\n\n**Empowering displaced individuals from Ukraine in their quest to self-reliance by Project**\n**Voyager through the Jobs for Ukraine project**\n\n\nProject Voyager\u2019s aims to address immediate job placement needs while nurturing long-term professional\ngrowth for refugees through innovative technology, strategic collaborations, and employment services.\n\n\nOver 173,000 people visited the [Jobs for Ukraine platform since its](https://jobs4ukr.com/)\nlaunch on 3 March 2022. With 3,500+ job openings across 60 countries\nand over 11,700 candidate profiles (over 50% based in Romania), the\nplatform serves as a bridge for diverse employment, having facilitated\nover 8,500 interactions between job seekers and employers in IT,\nadministrative, hospitality, supply chain, customer service,\nmanufacturing, and more. Project Voyager also deployed other impactful\n[technologies such as the Information Tool](http://www.dsu.mai.gov.ro/category/sprijin-ucraina/) for the Romanian Government\nin partnership with UNHCR and The Romanian National Council for\nRefugees (CNRR), to facilitate relevant information provision and\ndissemination about legislation changes impacting persons of concern.\n\n\nTo ensure a safe digital space, each employer and job posting is\nmanually vetted on the Jobs for Ukraine platform, users can report\nmisconduct and they can find relevant resources for recognizing\nlegitimate employment.\n\n\nThe Jobs for Ukraine employment counselling has already guided 400\nindividuals in 2023 in navigating the intricate job market. Community\nevents, spanning workshops, job fairs, industry-specific micro job fairs,\ncommunities of practice, and entrepreneurship-focused gatherings, have\nattracted over 500 attendees in Romania. The Jobs for Ukraine Job Fair\nin Bucharest engaged 260 job seekers and 27 employers in November 2022, yielding on-the-spot hirings.\nProject Voyager partnered with the regional employment office in Constanta to support over 100 refugees in\nConstanta to find employment at the National Job Fair.\n\n\nThrough strategic partnerships, Project Voyager forged a strong path to skills development. Working with\nreputable training providers, Project Voyager facilitated free online English and Romanian classes for over\n250 refugees from Ukraine this year. Additionally, Project Voyager ran vocational education and training\ninitiatives, underpinned by partnerships delivering advanced IT courses, digital technology training and other\ndomains.\n\n\nRecognizing the need for psychosocial support, Jobs for Ukraine launched the [Mental Health and](https://jobs4ukr.com/mhpss)\n[Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)](https://jobs4ukr.com/mhpss) project, which connects over 60 qualified Ukrainian- and Russian-speaking\nmental health professionals with 8 humanitarian organizations who need their skills to provide MHPSS\nservices to war-affected people.\n\n\nOverall, Project Voyager\u2019s Jobs for Ukraine has empowered over 6,500 Ukrainian refugees on their path to\nself-reliance in Romania. Two filmmakers from Argentina captured bits of Project Voyager\u2019s impact in a short\ndocumentary, [the trailer can be watched here.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlEKH-j5MS8)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 5\n\n\n**A Testament to Unity and Support to refugees, the Migrant Integration Center in Brasov**\n**Steps Up to Provide Aid**\n\n\nSince the onset of the refugee arrivals, local NGOs, private donors, and the Municipality of Brasov swiftly\nresponded to the influx of refugees from Ukraine arriving in the city in a remarkable display of solidarity. In a\ncoordinated effort, they transformed the existing Cattia Business Center into a secure haven for those seeking\nrefuge from Ukraine's turmoil.\n\n\nThe Migrant Integration Center (MIC) is actively working in two locations in Brasov to assist refugees: its main\noffice in the city centre and the dedicated Cattia refugee centre. While the latter provides exclusive services\nto Ukrainian refugees, the central office extends its support to third country nationals and beneficiaries of\ninternational protection as well.\n\n\nIn March 2022, MIC developed a cash assistance programme, supported by Banca Transilvania, which\nprovided cash assistance to over 3,000 Ukrainians through bank transfers until July 2023.The range of\nservices offered by MIC in response to the refugee crisis goes beyond financial aid. The centre offers vital\ninformation and counselling services, as well as direct assistance in navigating various systems such as\nhealthcare, education, and local employment opportunities. Furthermore, MIC provides translations for\nessential legal matters like dealing with the police or notaries. Support for accommodation, temporary\nprotection, and psychosocial support are provided by the dedicated team at MIC, ensuring the well-being and\nintegration of these displaced individuals and of the MIC\u2019s team.\n\n\nRecognizing the importance\nof a holistic approach to\nintegration, MIC has been\norganizing Romanian\nlanguage courses and sociocultural activities for adult\nrefugees. Drawing on its\nexperience dating back to\n2011, these courses and\nsocio-cultural activities have\nplayed a crucial role in\nempowering newcomers to\nBrasov and helping them\nfeel at home in their new\nsurroundings.\n_Romanian language course graduation, Brasov_\n\n\nRecognizing that not all refugees reside within the city, MIC has initiated a mobile team to reach out to those\nin various communities beyond Brasov. This mobile team bridged information gaps and provided essential\nassistance to families in need, ensuring that support is extended far and wide.\n\n\nMIC also collaborates closely with local authorities, conducting advocacy sessions about refugees and\nmigrants' integration within the city. Through reliable partnerships and successful referral mechanisms, MIC\nhas fostered meaningful connections with local NGOs, strengthening the overall response to the refugee\ncrisis. Since the beginning of this endeavour on the 1st of March 2022, MIC has successfully provided support\nto more than 4,500 individual refugees from Ukraine living in Brasov city and its environs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 6\n\n\n\n_Building social cohesion, multicultural picnic, Brasov_\n\n\n\n_Group therapy at MIC Brasov with Ukrainian women_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 7\n\n\n**Resilience Innovation Facilities Centres (RIFs), known as Innovation Hubs, Terre des**\n**hommes Romania**\n\n\nIn March 2023, Terre des hommes (Tdh) Romania launched two Resilience Innovation Facilities Centres\n(RIFs), known as _Innovation Hubs_, in Brasov and Bucharest. The Innovation hubs are targeting children\nbetween 7 and 18 years old. Under the slogan \"Reinvent your childhood, reshape your future\", these\ninnovation hubs have been designed to challenge children and young people on topics such as friendship,\ntolerance, expressing emotions, etc. - and subsequently encourage them to express these through their own\ncreative projects that includes 3D printing, laser cutting, vinyl cutting, combined with a MHPSS component.\n\n\nThe Innovation Hubs are equipped with modular spaces for learning through play, non-formal education\nworkshops, creativity workshops, and the acquisition of technical and digital skills. They aim to strengthen the\nyouth\u2019s agency, empowerment, and resilience by providing access to resources, tools, learning, activities, and\nexperiences that enable them to seize development opportunities and unleash their own potential.\n\n\nRefugee children attend English and Romanian language classes and afterschool programme in the RIF\ncentres. These programmes serve two important purposes: enhancing communication skills and ensuring\nsuccessful integration into Romanian society, while also encompassing vital knowledge about child protection.\n\n\nThe two innovative hubs, RIF, and the activities carried out by the mobile team in the centres, not only address\nthe immediate needs of refugee children and parents, but also fall under the category of psychosocial support\nto protect their mental balance and psychosocial well-being. Tdh teams help refugee families to connect with\nthe Romanian community and provide them with the means to face practical problems and to alleviate the\nsuffering caused by conflict and displacement.\n\n\nSince the beginning of the international conflict in 2022, Terre des hommes (Tdh) Romania has responded to\nthe immediate needs of children, young people and mothers arriving in Romania, providing essential support\nin areas such as protection, mental health, psycho-social support, or personalized individual assistance.\n\n\n\n_Resilience Innovation Facility Centre - Brasov_\n\n\n\n_Resilience Innovation Facility Centre - Bucharest_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 8\n\n\n\n_World Refugee Day - Constanta_\n\n\n\n_Children\u2019s Day \u2013 Bucharest_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 9\n\n\n**How World Vision Happy Bubbles impact the lives of refugee children from Ukraine in**\n**Romania**\n\n\n[Recent World Vision research](https://www.wvi.org/publications/report/emergencies/no-peace-mind) indicates that children who have witnessed war have higher levels of anxiety\nand depression throughout adulthood. Trauma symptoms, toxic stress, and a sense of insecurity are only\nsome of the effects of war on children\u2019s mental well-being. This is particularly true for Romania. Refugee\nchildren from Ukraine come from an adverse emotional background, experienced physical threats, loss,\ndisplacement, and separation from their caregivers.\n\n\nSince March 2022, World Vision has been responding to the Ukraine Crisis in Romania, with Mental Health\nand Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Protection, and Education in Emergency (EiE) among the most critical\nvulnerabilities, besides addressing refugee children and their families\u2019 Basic Needs.\n\n\nTen child-friendly spaces (CFS), known as Happy Bubbles, have been established across the country, in\nBucharest, Bra\u0219ov, Constan\u021ba, Cluj-Napoca, Ia\u0219i, and V\u00e2lcea. Built on integrated protection services that\nprioritize children\u2019s safety, well-being, and engagement, these spaces provide a nurturing setting devoid of\ndanger and fear.\n\n\nIn the Happy Bubbles children engage in games, learning, and inclusive activities tailored to their\npsychological needs. By providing a structured environment, the child-friendly spaces enable children to\nexpress their emotions, strengthen resilience, develop social skills, continue their education, and regain a\nsense of security. As of today, more than 13,000 children are supported by cross-cutting child protection\nprogramming. Through Happy Bubbles, refugee children also attend English and Romanian classes. These\nlanguage sessions not only improve communication skills and guarantee their integration into Romanian\nsociety, but also incorporate crucial information about child protection.\n\n\nAside from providing protection and educational support, Happy Bubbles serve as spaces for MHPSS\nactivities, such as the First Aid Arts (FAA) program. Approximately 400 refugee children and 50 adults benefit\nfrom the ongoing FFA training. Through eight sessions and 17 calming exercises, participants learn selfregulation and interpersonal skills. This technique, which combines art and science, helps children aged 8 to\n17 acknowledge their emotions, foster resilience, and handle stress. Generally, more than 13,500 people\nhave benefited from psychosocial support.\n\n\nHappy Bubbles facilities empower children with disabilities and those who require daily medication. Families\nreceive financial assistance and vouchers for educational supplies, ensuring access to essential resources.\nChildren with special needs and disabilities are celebrated and supported through inclusive events. Through\nmelo-therapy and occupational therapy sessions, these children can express themselves and develop their\nskills.\n\n\nSince most students from Ukraine continue their education remotely, laptop computers were distributed to\nrefugee children and students from vulnerable families around the country to allow online learning. World\nVision raised awareness on cyberbullying, conducting seminars about the possible hazards and effects of\ncyberbullying and ways of detecting and responding to such behaviour. More than 7,000 children have\nreceived educational support for online classes, afterschool programs, and non-formal education.\n\n\nThe ten child-friendly spaces not only address the immediate needs of refugee children and parents, but also\nlead the way for long-term rehabilitation, growth, and integration of refugees. This is a critical supplementary\noffer to World Vision\u2019s work, which is also meeting the needs of refugee families from Ukraine in terms of food\nsecurity and hygiene, providing multi-purpose cash interventions, in 13 cities across Romania. Overall, World\nVision Ukraine Crisis Response in Romania has reached over 200,000 individuals, and more than 99,000\nchildren, including refugees and hosting communities, through the support of its nine local partners.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 11\n\n\n**PATRIR\u2019s Ukraine House Community Centres support Culture Inclusion and Social**\n**Cohesion**\n\n\nThe Peace Action, Training and Research Institute of Romania (PATRIR) was founded in 2001 as a nongovernmental, non-profit, politically independent organization in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. PATRIR is committed\nto a world in which conflicts are transformed constructively, through peaceful means \u2013 in which individuals,\ncommunities, countries and local, national, regional, and international organisations and actors are\nempowered to work together to address conflicts effectively.\n\n\nUnder the Regional Response Plan, PATRIR supported by UNHCR created and established two community\ncentres in 2022, Ukraine House Cluj and Ukraine House Sighisoara. These centres provide a space for\nrefugees from Ukraine to access protection services and engage in activities focused on social cohesion,\ncultural and economic integration. In 2023, the Ukraine House Team in collaboration with local service\nproviders began to focus on activities that support cultural integration and social cohesion.\n\n\nUkraine House Sighisoara in collaboration with Perspective from Danes, organized a Valentine\u2019s Day event\nfor Ukrainian and Romanian youth. Twelve Ukrainian and ten Romanian youth engaged in social games and\ndanced. The feedback from the youth was very positive with the teenagers responding well to becoming\nacquainted to each other and friendships being formed. This event has led to other cultural integration events\nfor youth in Sighisoara through the Ukraine House and in collaboration with diverse local NGOs.\n\n\nUkraine House Cluj marked the one year of the international armed conflict in Ukraine on 24. As a symbolic\ngesture of solidarity, unity, and appreciation, Ukraine House Cluj gathered people from the Ukrainian\ncommunity in Cluj, NGO representatives, Romanians and others who showed their support during this hard\nyear. The Ukrainian community commemorated through songs, speeches, and the lighting of candles. They\nwrote and signed a letter to Romania thanking them for their support and expressing the true meaning of\nbrotherhood.\n\n\nOn 8 March, the Ukrainian community marked the beginning of spring by celebrating Women\u2019s Day and\nappreciating the continuous support of the host community by giving flowers to Romanian, Hungarian and\nRoma women in Ukraine House Cluj.\n\n\nQuiz Night is a continuous cultural inclusion event hosted by Ukraine House Cluj, where mixed teams formed\nby both Ukrainians, Romanians and foreigners in Cluj join in a competitive game testing their knowledge of\nUkrainian and Romanian culture. The winners receive tickets to the National Theatre.\n\n\nMore people both Ukrainians and Romanians are expressing interest to engage in a variety of activities and\nevents which will ease refugees\u2019 access to opportunities and services in the local community.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 12\n\n\n\n_Valentine\u2019s Day Youth Event with Ukrainians, Romanians, and_\n_Roma Youth, Ukraine House Sighisoara, 14 February 2023,_\n_\u00a9Shnarova Yuliia_\n\n\n\n_Marking of one year of international armed conflict in Ukraine,_\n_Piata Unirii, Cluj-Napoca, 24 February 2023 Organized by Ukraine_\n_House Cluj, \u00a9Lucian Stirb_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 13\n\n\n**The crucial role of cultural mediators in Romania's Ukrainian refugee response**\n\n\nAfter receiving refugees from Ukraine, the Romanian Government immediately recognized the needs of\nrefugees to access health care and offered them the same level of care as Romanian citizens with health\ninsurance. However, communication and language barriers, the unfamiliarity of the health-care system, and\nlack of knowledge and information created obstacles that impacted refugees\u2019 access to services.\n\n\nIn response, the WHO Country Office in Romania recruited 7 Ukrainian-speaking **cultural mediators** through\nthe United Nations Volunteers programme. The cultural mediators have been deployed in Bucharest, Gala\u021bi,\nCluj, T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 and Bra\u0219ov, where there are significant populations of refugees from Ukraine.\n\n\nCultural mediation, a recognized profession in Romania, can ensure that people are able to access highquality health care. The 7 cultural mediators have professional backgrounds in medical science, psychology\nand social science. They speak Ukrainian and Russian as well as English, and are attempting to master the\nRomanian language through classes or online learning applications.\n\n\nThe services are diversity-friendly and aim to prevent discrimination. They include psychological counselling\nand psychosocial support, introduction sessions on health system, awareness raising about health referral\nmechanisms and pathways, and health promotion. The cultural mediators also provide support related to\nsensitive topics such as human trafficking, sexual and labour exploitation, and gender-based violence. To\nsupport the mediators\u2019 work, WHO has disseminated information about health-care access, availability of\nmedicines, vaccination and proper antibiotic use.\n\n\nWHO is also supporting **7 family-doctor clinics** and collaborating with civil society organizations to provide\nfree-of-charge primary-care services to refugees, including sexual and reproductive health care, and mental\nhealth and psychosocial support. Since June 2022, around 2,200 refugees have accessed these services.\n\n\n\n_WHO Cultural Mediators providing services to a pregnant lady at_\n_WHO health clinic in Galati Blue Dot_\n\n\n\n_Teenager at a MHPSS workshop on art and health organized_\n_by WHO Cultural Mediators at 'Cattia' refugee centre in_\n_Brasov city_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 14\n\n\n**Habitat for Humanity Romania - the Edmond Centre - Shelter and Social Hub**\n\n\nThe need for long-term shelter for refugees from Ukraine in Romania emerged as an important need while\nthe conflict in Ukraine is continuing and the stay in Romania is getting more protracted. Habitat for Humanity\nRomania, in an immediate response to these shelter needs, rented out apartments for 30 families from\nUkraine, covering the entire costs for rent and utilities.\n\n\nHabitat for Humanity Romania was alerted that 70 refugees staying in the Ferdinand School Centre in\nBucharest had to be relocated by the end of September 2022 due to inadequate housing conditions and\nunsuitable infrastructure for the winter months. Habitat for Humanity Romania, in partnership with the Sector\n2 City Hall and UNICEF, transformed an unused office building into an accommodation centre and social hub\nfor refugees - called \u201cThe Edmond Centre\u201d- as a medium and long-term solution for the most vulnerable\ncategories of refugees in the Bucharest\u2019s 2 [nd] sector. The Edmond Centre was rehabilitated in record time\nrelying heavily on partners and volunteers.\n\n\nThe Edmond Centre currently boasts over 2,000 square meters of rehabilitated energy and heat efficient\nspaces over three floors. The long-term accommodation capacity is for 100 people and about 20 people per\nnight can be accommodated as transitional shelter. In addition to housing, the centre offers educational,\nmedical, social integration, recreational and psychological services to meet the needs of refugees. These\nservices are provided by specialized local authorities to ensure a holistic and integrated response. Each of\nthe 27 rooms, the common spaces as well as the kitchens and showers, were furnished by Habitat for\nHumanity Romania using furniture and appliances the organization had in stock and donated by its partners\nUNICEF and CORE.\n\n\nAs of February 2023, the Edmond Centre accommodates 70 refugees \u2013 consisting of families with two to nine\npeople, elderly with disabilities, or single people. In addition, the Centre accommodates an additional 30\nrefugees, allocated by the Bucharest Municipality Centre for Coordination and Management of the Intervention\n(CMBCCI), who is redirecting refugees from key transit points such as the North Railway Station, depending\non their short to long-term needs and their vulnerabilities since December 2022. A total of 456 refugees,\nincluding 179 children, have benefited from educational, medical and psychological services provided at the\nEdmond Centre.\n\n\nIn the short to medium term, the Edmond Centre will continue accommodating refugees from Ukraine. In the\nlong term, it will accommodate vulnerable families from Bucharest, contributing to strengthening of the shelter\nand housing system.\n\n\nHabitat for Humanity is working closely with its partners, public authorities, and volunteers to deliver qualitative\nand safe accommodation for the refugees from Ukraine. Since the beginning of the Ukrainian Refugee\nsituation, Habitat for Humanity Romania has provided transitional shelter to more than 2,700 people crossing\nthrough Romania.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 15\n\n\n**Four simple adjustments to accelerate inclusion of Ukrainian pupils in the audient**\n**format**\n\n**(Case study from Ienachita Vacarescu school in Bucharest, with European Commission and World Bank**\n**support.)**\n\nWorld Bank (WB), with support from the European Commission\u2019s DG REFORM, has been providing advisory\nsupport to the Department of Emergency Situations (DSU) and the Prime Minister\u2019s office in Romania through\na project funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument (TSI) on Accelerating the access\nof Ukrainian (UA) refugees to support services. Its key approach is to run experiments, which give space to\nservice providers and beneficiaries (refugees) to co-create solutions leading to their better life outcomes (e.g.,\nmore people financially self-sufficient, in quality learning etc.). The experiments thus provide insights on how\nto operationalize or adjust the Government\u2019s National Plan of Measures for the Protection and Inclusion of\nRefugees (NP) to achieve better results as well as how to activate the public service providers to improve\nsupport services to also benefit the Romanian (RO) citizens. In addition, these experiments can feed into the\ncreation of a structural framework for the long-term integration of Ukrainian children in the Romanian\neducation system, which is also supported under this TSI project.\n\nTemporary Protection provides the Ukrainian refugee children with the right to study at Romanian public\nschools. The NP plans intensive Romanian language training, hiring additional Ukrainian and Romanian\neducators and promotes exchange of good practices and materials among the schools with Ukrainian pupils.\nThe WB pilot project with the Ienachita Vacarescu school in Bucharest focused on how to specifically\noperationalize this support in the classroom and help the Romanian teacher to provide pupils that typically do\nnot speak Romanian with the support that sustains their school attendance, improves the quality of their\nlearning and prepares them better to enter the Romanian public school system formally from the next school\nyear. This pilot project focused on 4 adjustments implementable in a month to help Romanian teachers:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 16\n\n\nBased on measuring the learning quality by the ICT, the Ukrainian pupils showed improvement in all\nindicators. The average improvement for the Romanian pupils was even higher. This means that while\nadjusting the plan and delivering the lessons inclusively takes some initial efforts, the Romanian pupils\nbenefited even more. All pupils showed improvements in their digital skills, ability to communicate and\ncollaborate, understanding of the learning matter and engagement in the lesson, i.e., the improvements of\ntheir 21 [st] century skills that the Ministry of Education strives for through the National Recovery and Resilience\nPlan (NRRP).\n\n\nThe WB team concluded the below 4 lessons:\n\n1) It is not needed to wait till Ukrainian pupils speak fluent Romanian language to start engaging them in the\n\nlessons;\n2) While the Ukrainian assistant meets the initial need of bridging the language gap, s/he needs to become\n\nmore of an enabler and activator of independent learning of the Ukrainian pupils;\n3) More group work in class allows for peer learning, learning to collaborate and building relations between\n\nthe Ukrainian and Romanian pupils;\n4) Enabling conditions matter \u2013 more Ukrainian pupils at school make a business case to hire support and\n\nwhat makes it ultimately work is the school management interested in modernizing teaching practices.\n\nThe WB has initiated an archive of inclusive lesson plans developed by the Romanian and Ukrainian teachers\nthat can serve as the basis for supporting more national public schools in getting prepared to teach inclusively\nand developed a Terms of Reference for the Ukrainian assistant with the practices to accelerate the\nindependent learning of Ukrainian pupils. As these practices are in line with the planned NRRP reforms on\ndigital transformation of schools and modernization of the teaching practices, the refugee response in its\nunprecedented context can serve as a trojan horse to initiating the reforms of the schooling system.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 17\n\n\n**Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) intervention in Romania**\n\n\nJesuit Refugee Service (JRS) Romania was established in 2000 and is currently working with more than 140\nstaff and more than 150 volunteers. JRS offers comprehensive assistance for foreigners throughout all phases\nof the migration cycle - arrival at the borders, asylum and integration, detention, toleration, or repatriation.\nJRS implements projects under the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund in partnerships with i.a. Save the\nChildren and Terre des Hommes.\n\n\nUnder the Refugee Response Plan (RRP), access to education for refugee children in Romania remains a\npriority and a commitment of the partners under the RRP. JRS is supporting Ukrainian refugee children with\nenrolment and attendance in Romanian schools, as well as with non-formal learning activities. JRS is currently\n\nrunning a comprehensive educational program as part of a\nwider approach to promoting self-reliance among the\nrefugees and comprehensive support for integration. The\nproject has a dual purpose \u2013 to promote social cohesion by\nbringing Ukrainian children in close contact with their\nRomanian peers and to allow parents to participate in the\nlabour market while their children are attending schools.\n\n\nTo strengthen the national education system, JRS employs\nmore than 100 Ukrainian teachers that are seconded to the\nRomanian schools, in coordination with the respective local\nSchool Inspectorates. This allows Ukrainian children to\ncontinue their national educational curriculum while in\nRomania and, at the same time, to be included in schools, get\naccess to the Romanian curricula, to interact with Romanian\n\n_Activities organized in the Education Hub at School_\n_11 in Constanta, May 2022. \u00a9JRS_ children which -in turn- enhances social cohesion and\n\ninclusion. Through the 23 Education Hubs and various\neducational centres supported by JRS, over 2,500 children\nare enrolled and attending classes in Bucharest (Mihai Viteazu College, Ienachita Vacarescu School, Uruguay\nSchool, School 86 and 116, SEK School, and other educational centres), Constanta (Schools 6,11,16 and\n40), Galati, Braila, Ploiesti and Medias.\n\n\nThe project built on a Plan International initiative focused on setting up Education Hubs and non-formal\neducation centres and summer camps, as well as on building up a strong community of Ukrainian refugee\nteachers through organizing trainings and a national conference. Since then, a variety of partners worked\ntogether to support the educational project. New education centres in areas hosting smaller refugee\ncommunities, peer-to-peer mentoring, and psychological support is supported through UNICEF and food\nneeds are met by World Vision providing hot meals to children enrolled in educational activities in Constanta\nand Galati.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 18\n\n\n**Spaces for Ukrainians and Romanians youth, the National Youth Foundation**\n\n\nSince the onset of the Ukraine situation, the\nNational Youth Foundation (FNT), together\nwith its member foundations, have been\nresponding to the Ukraine refugee influx\nwith humanitarian support, including with\nmaterial support, equipping transit centres\nand support to Ukrainian youth arriving in\nRomania.\n\n\nAt the end of March 2022, the FNT started\nto implement the model of safe spaces for\nyoung Ukrainians who arrived from the\nconflict zones at its youth centres. Youth centres, based on the model developed prior at the network level,\nare spaces where young people from the local community (Ukrainians and Romanians) have access to\nservices and activities as support of inclusion in local communities. The youth centres also provide a space\nto facilitate access to educational, professional or recreational programs and activities. To eliminate language\nand cultural barriers, but also to create a space where young Ukrainians feel safe, the youth centres employ\nboth Romanian and Ukrainian youth workers. Each youth centre has specialized staff who offer specialized\nsupport for learning the Romanian language to help the integration in the local community and also English\nlanguage, essential for them to be able to continue their lives as normal as possible and to facilitate access\nto the labour market.\n\n\nTo date, more than 1,000 young Ukrainian people have participated in activities or benefited from educational\nand recreational services provided at the youth centres. Youth centres are safe space for young people Ukrainians and Romanians together, where they feel safe, empowered and endorsed to become active in the\ncommunity in which they are living.\n\n\nFNT is currently coordinating five youth centres in key points of the country, where young Ukrainians have\nchosen to start a new life. Support from international non-governmental organizations, such as ActionAid and\nthe Norwegian Refugee Council, allowed FNT to increase its dedicated staff in Timisoara, Boto\u0219ani and\nTulcea and to open new dedicated youth centres in Bucharest and Suceava. With support of Plan\nInternational, FNT is planning to expand the intervention in another six locations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Spotlights of **Romania** I 19\n\n\n**The Nicolina Centre (Soseaua Nicolina), Iasi**\n\n\nThe \u201cNicolina Centre for Humanitarian and Social Assistance\u201d is\na one-stop centre, coordinated by RRP partner FONSS, in\npartnership with associations like Afterhills, ParentIS and Group\nOur Smile operating in the municipality of Iasi. The centre,\nproviding a complex hub of services, is benefitting from an\nactive collaboration with the local authorities (Inspector for\nEmergency Situation (ISU) Iasi, City Hall, Iasi Prefecture) and is\noperating from a building provided by the City Hall of Iasi. The\nNicolina Centre started to receive Ukrainian refugees and Third\nCountry Nationals (TCNs) on March 24, 2022.\n\n\nThe Nicolina Centre has provided services to over 1450\nrefugees from Ukraine and many others, from Iasi community,\nhave received psycho-social, administrative, legal and medical support in the centre. A team of over 50 social\nworkers, psychologists, nurses and community workers, employed by the Federation of Nongovernmental\nOrganizations for Social Services (FONSS) and member/partner organizations, are available daily -in day and\nnight shifts- to respond to a variety of needs of refugees through an integrated case-management approach\nfrom daily accommodation and meals, to specialized psycho-social and therapeutic services, day care, nonformal education for children, rehabilitation, mediation for employment, as well as distribution of food and nonfood items, through the social shop.\n\n\nTo work towards an integrated approach and to enhance social cohesion, in addition to refugees from Ukraine,\nover 1300 persons with specific needs from the Iasi host community registered as clients of the social shop.\nThe social shop is more than a distribution point. The social shop functions as an entry gate for registering\npersons interested in receiving the multitude of services offered in the Nicolina Centre to refugees and in-need\nhost community members, including for job search and job mediation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/242ae4f6-7bd5-4961-adaa-28ec5297d069/Spotlights%20of%20Romania%20-%20Promising%20practices%20from%20the%20ground.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_643/raw/doc_643_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_643/raw/doc_643_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 14155a37d6108ee5d0a9000e1cf3b6f2c916f3e2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_643/raw/doc_643_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,158 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SPECIAL REPORT / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nIt is **\u201ca form of punishment more**\n**primitive than torture** . **\u201d**\n\n**\u2013 EARL** **WARREN** IN 1958,\n\nLATE U.S. SUPREME COURT CHIEF JUSTICE\n\n#### A 10-year\n\nCampaign\n\n\n\n\n### To E nd\n\nStatelessness\n\n_opportunity, as never_\n\n**COVER** _before to tackle the_\n**A young Roma girl in** **S TAT E L E S S** **P E O P L E** **A R E** **F O U N D** **I N** **A L L** **PA RT S** **O F** **T H E** **G L O B E** - Asia, to political or legal directives or the redrawing of state boundaries. _injustice. Now is the_\n**Croatia already knows the**\n\nAfrica, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas\u2014entire communities, new-born Families endure generations of statelessness despite having deep-rooted and _time to act.\u201d_\n\n**difficulties of being**\n**stateless. Her family** babies, children, couples and older people. longstanding ties to their communities and countries. Some have become stateless **\u2013 ANT\u00d3NIO** **GUTERRES**\n\n**collecting scrap metal.** FOR REFUGEES\n\n\n# S\n\n\n\n**COVER**\n\n**A young Roma girl in**\n\n**Croatia already knows the**\n\n**difficulties of being**\n\n**stateless. Her family**\n\n**barely survive by**\n\n**collecting scrap metal.**\n\n**They live in terrible**\n\n**conditions in a makeshift**\n\n**room, with no running**\n\n**water, electricity or**\n\n**sanitation.**\n\n\n\nto political or legal directives or the redrawing of state boundaries.\n\nFamilies endure generations of statelessness despite having deep-rooted and\n\nlongstanding ties to their communities and countries. Some have become stateless\n\ndue to administrative obstacles; they simply fall through the cracks of a system that\n\nignores or has forgotten them.\n\nMore than two decades after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, over 600,000\n\npeople remain stateless. Some 300,000 Urdu-speaking Biharis were denied citizen\nship by the government of Bangladesh when the country gained its independence\n\nin 1971. A 2013 Constitutional Court ruling in the Dominican Republic led to tens\n\nof thousands of Dominicans, the vast majority of Haitian descent, being deprived\n\nof their nationality, and of the rights that flowed from it. More than 800,000\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR / N. LUKIN / NOVEMBER 2010\n\n\n**BACK COVER:** \u00a9 BERNISCHES\n\nHISTORISCHES MUSEUM, BERNE\n\n\n\n**S TAT E L E S S** **P E O P L E** **A R E** **F O U N D** **I N** **A L L** **PA RT S** **O F** **T H E** **G L O B E** - Asia,\n\nAfrica, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas\u2014entire communities, new-born\n\nbabies, children, couples and older people.\n\nTheir one common curse, the lack of any nationality, deprives them of rights that\n\nthe majority of the global population takes for granted.\n\nOften they are excluded from cradle to grave\u2014being denied a legal identity\n\nwhen they are born, access to education, health care, marriage and job opportunities\n\nduring their lifetime and even the dignity of an official burial and a death certifi\ncate when they die.\n\n**Statelessness is a man-made problem** and occurs because of a bewildering ar\nray of causes. Entire swathes of a population may become stateless overnight due\n\n\n\n**Over three million**\n**stateless people live**\n**in just 10 countries.**\n\n\n\n_2_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201ca form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d SPECIAL REPORT / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\nSTATES PARTY TO THE STATELESSNESS CONVENTIONS\n\n\n\n**In the past four**\n**years, more**\n**countries have**\n**acceded**\n**to the 1961**\n**Convention on**\n**the Reduction of**\n**Statelessness**\n**than in the four**\n**decades following**\n**its adoption.**\n\n\n**a fatal kidney disease and**\n\n**worries about the future**\n\n**of her two young boys,**\n\n**who are also stateless,**\n\n**wondering what might**\n\n**happen to them if she**\n\n**does not survive.**\n\n\n\nvention on the Reduction of Statelessness\n\nand its role was consolidated in 1995.\n\n**The legal cornerstones of UNHCR\u2019s work**\n\n**are the 1954 Convention relating to the Sta-**\n\n**tus of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Con-**\n\n**vention on the Reduction of Statelessness.**\n\nThese treaties are supported by other legal\n\ninstruments such as the 1948 Universal Dec\nlaration of Human Rights and many interna\ntional and regional human rights treaties\n\nwhich uphold the right of every human being to a nationality.\n\nBut for decades solving statelessness appeared to be insurmountable. Many gov\nernments and the international community as a whole appeared uninterested,\n\n\n\n_\u201cMy dream is to have_\n_a document so that I_\n_can vote. I want the_\n_government to see_\n_me and to listen.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 FORMERLY** **STATELESS**\n\nIN SOUTH AFRICA\n\n\n\nRohingya in Myanmar have been refused nationality under the 1982 citizenship law\n\nand their freedom of movement, religion and education severely curtailed.\n\n**Over a third of the world\u2019s stateless are children** and the stigma of stateless\nness could follow them for the rest of their lives, even past their deaths; if they have\n\nchildren of their own, this generation will also be stateless and the crisis perpetuated.\n\nThis centuries-old problem first began to stir the consciousness of the interna\ntional community when words such as \u2018inhumane,\u2019 \u2018embarrassing\u2019 and \u2018a blemish in\n\ninternational law\u2019 were applied to the plight of stateless people.\n\nUNHCR was mandated to assist stateless refugees in 1950. While a significant\n\nnumber of refugees and asylum-seekers are also stateless, their numbers are usu\nally reflected in figures relating to refugees and asylum-seekers. During the past five\n\nyears, 20% of all refugees resettled by UNHCR have also been stateless.\n\nUNHCR was mandated in the 1970s to assist stateless people under the 1961 Con\n\n\n_4_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201ca form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n\n_\u201c When I tell people I_\n_am stateless, what I_\n_see in their faces is_\n_shock, ignorance and_\n_mistrust. It\u2019s like_\n_when the AIDS virus_\n_was first discovered_\n_and suddenly people_\n_were suspicious of_\n_anyone who was_\n_HIV-positive.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 RAILYA** IN FRANCE\n\n\n**The route to nationality**\n\n**is often a difficult one.**\n\n**Here, a stateless woman lays**\n\n**out all the documentation**\n\n**she has had to present in her**\n\n**attempt to acquire a**\n\n**nationality.**\n\n\n\n**Delegates from 29 countries**\n\n**convened at the UN**\n\n**Headquarters in New York**\n\n**to sign the 1961 Convention**\n\n**on the Reduction of**\n\n**Statelessness. Mr. Mario**\n\n**Amadeo of Argentina is seen**\n\n**here signing the final act on**\n\n**behalf of his country.**\n\n\n\noften prolonging crises rather than undertaking efforts to solve them.\n\nUNHCR insists that this problem is largely avoidable, and with adequate politi\ncal will, entirely solvable too.\n\nA major hurdle to solutions is that governments and UNHCR lack adequate data\n\non many stateless populations. Frequently stateless persons are not only undocu\nmented but also ignored by the authorities and uncounted in national administra\ntive registries and databases. Most even go uncounted in population censuses. Of\n\n142 national population censuses undertaken since 2005, for which the United Na\ntions possesses detailed information, only 112 included a question on nationality.\n\nOf these, less than 25% of census questionnaires included pre-set options for cen\n\n\nsus takers to fill in \u201cstateless\u201d or \u201cwithout nationality\u201d when interviewing state\nless individuals.\n\nIn recent years there has been a perceptible and positive shift to resolve state\nlessness.\n\nMore states have acceded to the two conventions; 26 states have become parties\n\nin the last three years alone bringing the total up to 82 countries which have acceded\n\nto the 1954 Convention and 60 countries which have acceded to the 1961 Convention.\n\nMany have resolved statelessness. Following a 2008 High Court ruling in Bangladesh\n\nthe 300,000 stateless Urdu-speakers were recognized as citizens. Viet Nam has\n\nmoved to resolve the plight of stateless former refugees from Cambodia and to fa\ncilitate the re-acquisition of nationality by thousands of women who became state\nless after they failed to acquire the na\ntionality of foreign husbands. Since 2009\n\nmore than 60,000 former Soviet citizens\n\nhave become nationals in Kyrgyzstan,\n\nwhile over 15,000 have acquired the na\ntionality of Turkmenistan. In Iraq, during\n\nSaddam Hussein\u2019s regime, a 1980 decree\n\nstripped Faili Kurds of citizenship until\n\nthe new government overturned that\n\ndecision. C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire amended its laws\n\nin 2013 to allow nationality to be ac\nquired through a simplified application\n\nprocess that will allow many of the\n\n700,000 stateless persons there to ac\nquire citizenship.\n\n**There also have been inspiring indi-**\n\n**vidual success stories.**\n\nThrough sheer perseverance, **Srinuan**, a young stateless woman, fought to get\n\nThai nationality and subsequently inspired hundreds of people from her village to\n\nfollow suit.\n\nHalfway across the globe in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, stateless person, **Bere Tassoumane**, ac\nquired nationality and was then able to run for local office in the city of Bouaffle,\n\nand five more of his formerly stateless friends subsequently won local elections.\n\n\n\nSTATELESSNESS OVER TIME\n\n\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n**Late** **1800s 1922 1941 1948 1950 1954 1955 1955 1961 1974 1995 2005 2011 2014**\n\n\n\nLegal scholars\nidentify **statelessness**\n**as \u2018inhumane\u2019**\n\n\n\nUniversal\nDeclaration of\nHuman Rights\n\n- **nationality**\n**recognized as**\n**a human right**\n\n\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n**created**\n\n\n\nU.N.\nConvention on\nthe Reduction\nof\nStatelessness\n**adopted**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR** mandated by\nGeneral Assembly **to**\n**assist stateless**\n**people** under the\n1961 Convention\n\n\n\nLandmark\njudgement by\nInternational\nCourt of Justice\nconfirms that\n**each country\u2019s**\n**nationality law**\n**must respect**\n**international**\n**law**\n\n\n\n\u2018Quantum leap\u2019\nat Geneva\nMinisterial\nMeeting:\n**over 60 states**\nmake\nstatelessnessrelated pledges\n\n\n\nLaunch of\n**10 year campaign**\n**by UNHCR**\n**to end**\n**statelessness**\n\n\n\nU.S. Supreme\nCourt Justice\nWarren\ndenounces\nstatelessness\nas **\u201cform of**\n**punishment**\n**more primitive**\n**than torture\u201d**\n\n\n\nLeague of Nations\nencourages member\nstates to issue ID to\n**800,000 people**\n**deprived of**\n**Russian nationality**\n\n\n\nAmendment to\nthe German\nCitizenship Law\npassed **depriving**\n**exiled Jews of**\n**their German**\n**citizenship**\n\n\n\nU.N.\nConvention\nrelating to the\n**Status of**\n**Stateless**\n**Persons**\nadopted\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s\nmandate\nexpanded\nglobally **to**\n**prevent and**\n**reduce**\n**statelessness**\n**and protect**\n**stateless**\n**persons**\n\n\n\n**Landmark ruling by**\n**Inter-American**\n**Court of Human**\n**Rights** decision on\nstatelessness and\nright to nationality\n\n\n\n_6_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _7_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n\u201cWe are working for the well-being of our community out of love because we our\nselves were marginalized,\u201d Tassoumane says.\n\nBuilding on this momentum, UNHCR is launching its Campaign to End State\nlessness within 10 years.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s strategy to achieve the ambitious goal of this campaign sets out key\n\nactions that states must take to address statelessness. These actions include:\n\n\n**Resolving** major situations of statelessness through law and policy re\uf0be\nforms, accompanied by citizenship campaigns;\n\n**Ensuring** that no child is born stateless;\n\uf0be\n**Preventing** deprivation of nationality on the basis of discrimination;\n\uf0be\n\n\n**Children** : Millions of\n\u2018Invisible\u2019 Kids\n\n\n\n**O V E R** **A** **T H I R D**\n# Ofuture generations.\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **CHILDREN**\n\n\n**Removing** gender discrimination in nationality laws;\n\uf0be\n**Granting** protection status to stateless migrants; and\n\uf0be\n**Issuing** nationality identification documentation to those with enti\uf0be\ntlements to it.\n\nIn prioritizing the eradication of statelessness, **United Nations High Commissioner**\n\n**for Refugees Ant\u00f3nio Guterres said** :\u201cIt is tragic that today millions of people are liv\ning without nationality. Unlike many armed conflicts, it is wholly within the power of\n\nevery concerned government to resolve statelessness. We have the opportunity, as\n\nnever before, to tackle this injustice. Now is the time to act. I reiterate to governments\n\nthat UNHCR is committed to supporting your efforts to end statelessness.\u201d\n\n\n**Maria, a stateless girl born**\n\n**to Cuban parents who**\n\n**emigrated, cannot acquire**\n\n**Cuban citizenship.**\n\n\n_\u201cSometimes as a_\n_mother I try to_\n_understand. The_\n_minute my child was_\n_born, she was brought_\n_into this nightmare_\n_that is being a_\n_\u2018stateless person\u2019._\n_How is it possible a_\n_child can be born and_\n_at the same time, the_\n_most basic right that_\n_any human being is_\n_entitled to is denied to_\n_her?\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 MOTHER** **OF** **MARIA**\n\n\n\n**A stateless child**\n**is born every**\n**10 minutes in just**\n**five countries.**\n**These five countries**\n**account for more**\n**than half of the**\n**world\u2019s known**\n**stateless population**\n**and do not provide**\n**legal safeguards**\n**to prevent children**\n**from becoming**\n**stateless.**\n\n\n\n**O V E R** **A** **T H I R D** **O F** **T H E** **W O R L D** **\u2019 S** **S TAT E L E S S** **P E O P L E** **A R E** **C H I L D R E N .**\n\nMany fall into a legal quicksand the day they are born, spend most of their lives\n\nbattling the inequalities they inherited, and often pass on their heartbreak on to\n\nfuture generations.\n\nIt may not even be possible to register the birth of a stateless child, making that\n\ninfant an instant \u2018non-person\u2019 in the eyes of governments. He or she is subject to\n\npotential abuse and rejection ranging from lack of access to life-saving immuniza\ntions to protection from early marriage.\n\nAfter being required to present his grandfather\u2019s death certificate to confirm his\n\nnationality, **Hussain**, a young Kenyan asks, \u201cCan you imagine someone asking you\n\nfor something you don\u2019t have? Asking you to give some proof when you don\u2019t re\nally know how to prove it. When my grandfather died I wasn\u2019t even born.\u201d\n\nThe risk of unregistered children being left stateless increases when conflict\n\nforces them to flee their homes or when they are born in exile. Over 50,000 chil\ndren have been born to Syrian refugee parents in Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Turkey and\n\nEgypt since onset of the conflict. Most are entitled to the nationality of Syria but\n\nthose who remain without civil birth registration may face serious problems prov\ning this later in life.\n\n**But registration is not always an easy procedure for refugees.** Due to the con\n\n\n_8_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _9_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d SPECIAL REPORT / **CHILDREN**\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n\n**In Kyrgyzstan, a mother of**\n\n**three, one suffering from**\n\n**epilepsy, has difficulty in**\n\n**obtaining medical care and**\n\n**social allowances for her**\n\n**children and lives in poverty**\n\n**because she cannot find**\n\n**work.**\n\n\n**Children in Telipok, Sabah,**\n\n**Malaysia. Many children of**\n\n**migrants are unable to**\n\n**establish a nationality.**\n\n**Some are completely**\n\n**undocumented and do not**\n\n**have access to education.**\n\n\n\n**A stateless refugee**\n\n**from Syria holds his**\n\n**maktoumeen card, a**\n\n**document issued to**\n\n**unregistered stateless**\n\n**Kurds which confers no**\n\n**rights or status.**\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nSTEFAN\nZWEIG\n\n_(1881 \u2013 1942)_\n\nAuthor, born Austrian\n\n**Made stateless in 1938**\n\n\n\nflict, many refugees have lost the identity documents which are required in order\n\nto register the births of refugee children in the country of asylum. Challenges also\n\narise in relation to registering children born out of wedlock or to parents whose re\nligious marriages have not been formally registered. In Lebanon, UNHCR found that\n\n78% of new births surveyed since their arrival to Lebanon were not registered with\n\nthe national authorities by Syrian refugees. Further research is underway to assess\n\nthe scale of the issue in the other main countries of asylum. UNHCR continues to\n\nwork with national authorities to simplify the requirements for registration, and to\n\nmake civil registration of marriages and births more accessible to refugees. It has\n\nalso undertaken a mass awareness-raising campaign in coordination with UNICEF\n\nand other partners to explain procedures to refugees, including through brochures\n\nand instructional videos shown at help desks, camps and registration points.\n\n\n**EDUCATION: A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT DENIED?**\n\nEducation is a particularly thorny issue. Stateless children can be refused permis\nsion to enter public schools, denied higher education and stigmatized by teachers\n\nand other pupils alike.\n\n\u201cWhat affects me most is that I cannot declare my children,\u201d says **Juliana** in the\n\n\n\nDominican Republic. \u201cThe\n\nschool asks for the docu\nments of my children,\u201d\n\ndocuments Juliana does\n\nnot have. \u201cI want my chil\ndren to study, to get ahead,\n\nsomething I didn\u2019t do,\u201d but\n\nwithout those vital pieces\n\nof paper her children and\n\nmany others may not be\n\nable to even attempt liv\ning a normal life.\n\n\u201cI missed out on getting a scholarship to study in Japan because I had no ID card,\n\nno nationality,\u201d says **Sheila**, who grew up stateless in Viet Nam.\n\n**Shaming and threats are sometimes employed.** \u201cThe teachers enter the class\nroom and tell those who don\u2019t have IDs to raise their hands,\u201d one girl in the Do\nminican Republic recalls. \u201cThen those who have IDs tease those of us who don\u2019t.\n\nThey say \u2018the trucks are coming to deport you. You cannot take your exams. You\n\nare wasting your time. You are not going to get anywhere with your life.\u2019\u201d\n\nIn Myanmar, only 4.8% of stateless girls and 16.8% of stateless boys complete pri\nmary education, compared to 40.9% and 46.2% of other boys and girls.\n\nChildren sometimes beat the odds and the result can be spectacular. Undaunted,\n\nmany stateless children have gone on to achieve great things.\n\n**Srinuan** has a remarkable story.\n\nFacing challenges in completing\n\neducation, she persevered and\n\ngraduated from school with the\n\nsupport of a local foundation. She\n\ncontinued to pursue her educa\ntion and won a full scholarship to\n\nstudy at a university in the United\n\nStates where she was shocked that\n\npeople \u201ctreated me like an equal.\n\nEven if I told them I was stateless\n\nthey still wanted to be friends.\u201d\n\n\u201cI could travel freely,\u201d she con\ntinues. \u201cI was not the same person\n\nthat I was in Thailand. I would\n\nthink \u2018Why can\u2019t I feel the same\n\nway in my home country?\u2019\u201d But\n\nwhen she did return home \u201cto re\nnew my travel documents I felt like my struggle was beginning all over again.\u201d\n\nEmpowered by her education, she eventually returned to live in Thailand where\n\nshe successfully fought to obtain Thai nationality. Her success encouraged others\n\nin her village to follow her example.\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s Campaign is aimed at resolving the statelessness** which results in the\n\nkind of hardship faced by thousands of children, like Srinuan, today.\n\n\n\n_10_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _11_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "civil registration of marriages and births", - "confidence": 0.6808502674102783, - "start": 377, - "end": 383 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8974716067314148, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9389240145683289, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9287582039833069, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n**Families** : Under\nConstant Pressure\n\n\n\n**T H E** **L A C K**\n# T\n\n\n\n_\u201cIf I had known_\n_there would be_\n_these problems,_\n_I would never have_\n_married my husband._\n_Why are my children_\n_to blame for a mistake_\n_I made? Now my kids_\n_can\u2019t access education_\n_or healthcare, and my_\n_husband suffers from_\n_the problem_\n_emotionally.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 A** **JORDANIAN** **WOMAN**\n\nMARRIED TO A FOREIGNER\n\nUNABLE TO PASS ON\n\nHIS NATIONALITY\n\nTO HIS CHILDREN\n\n\n\n**T H E** **L A C K** **O F** **N A T I O N A L I T Y** **C A N** **D I S T O R T** **A N D** **O F** **T E N** **D E S T R O Y**\n\nthe basic human partnership\u2014the family.\n\nStatelessness discourages young people from marrying in the first place and from\n\nhaving children, even if they do form a partnership. The pressures of being officially\n\n\u2018invisible\u2019 can destroy the family unit through physical separation or legal quagmires.\n\nThe administrative nightmare may last for generations, continuing the cycle of\n\ndegradation and hopelessness.\n\n**Kosala**, a young stateless man in Viet Nam wanted to get married but \u201cmy girl\nfriend\u2019s parents asked \u2018Who are you?\u2019 I had no documents, no ID, no nationality. I\n\ncouldn\u2019t even get a marriage certificate from the authorities.\u201d\n\n\n\n**IMPOSSIBLE DECISIONS**\n\nKnowing they would pass their statelessness on to their children, one stateless cou\nple told UNHCR they had decided not to start a family because they could not face\n\ncursing their children with the same deprivation and despair of statelessness. \u201cI feel\n\nbad when I see others with babies, because I cannot have a baby,\u201d the wife says.\n\n\u201cEvery married couple wants to have children.\u201d\n\nIn Madagascar, **Elina** reiterates that heartache. \u201cI really want to start having chil\ndren. I have been married long enough. But I won\u2019t until I get my nationality.\u201d\n\nIn Belgium, **Gabir**, a stateless man from the Middle East, cannot marry his girl\nfriend who is a European Union citizen because he is stateless and lacks the nec\nessary identity papers. He also cannot even officially acknowledge the paternity of\n\ntheir child.\n\nLegal headaches are magnified. The stateless often face insoluble problems\n\nover property rights or the custody of children following the death of a spouse or\n\nseparation.\n\n**They are at risk of arrest or detention each day** because they lack an official\n\nID. They live in constant fear of being expelled from a country or sometimes resort\n\nto fleeing and split up their families in a desperate attempt to resolve their chil\ndren\u2019s statelessness.\n\n**Gender discrimination is particularly insidious.** Twenty-seven countries today\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **FAMILIES**\n\n\n**A Constitutional Court**\n\n**ruling in the Dominican**\n\n**Republic stripped over**\n\n**200,000 Dominicans of**\n\n**Haitian descent of their**\n\n**citizenship. Thousands of**\n\n**families have suddenly**\n\n**found themselves stateless.**\n\n**Only two of the nine**\n\n**members of the**\n\n**Espinal family are still**\n\n**legally considered**\n\n**Domincan citizens.**\n\n\n**In 27 countries,**\n**children can be**\n**left stateless**\n**because women**\n**do not have the**\n**same rights as**\n**men to confer**\n**nationality.**\n\n\n\nstill prevent women from passing on their nationality to children on an equal ba\nsis as men. Nabila, a Syrian mother, worries about her stateless daughter who was\n\nunable to acquire her father\u2019s nationality before her parents divorced. She despairs,\n\n\u201cAlthough my daughter has a good degree from Damascus University, without cit\nizenship or identification papers, she cannot accept the many job offers and travel\n\nopportunities she receives. She is only 25 years old, but her future is bleak.\u201d\n\nFamilies\u2019 plight can sometimes result in dreadful choices.\n\n**Some couples seek divorce,** in part because it is one of the few decisions they\n\nhave full control over and in part because divorce is one of the few means of ex\niting the cycle of despair. Archaic nationality rules in some countries mean divorce\n\nmay offer an avenue for the children of a stateless father and a national mother to\n\nacquire her nationality. These children may now gain nationality, but at the cost of\n\na broken family.\n\n**Saida** in Morocco was unable to pass on her own nationality to her children be\ncause she is a woman. Without nationality, her family had no right to residence and\n\nwhen the children reached maturity they faced the problem of leaving the coun\ntry every three months to attain a visa and trying to return. Thankfully, the law was\n\namended in 2007 changing the lives of thousands of children for the better, in\ncluding Saida\u2019s. Morocco is one of 12 countries that have reformed their national\nity laws during the past decade allowing mothers to confer their nationality to their\n\nchildren in the same way fathers can\u2014an encouraging development.\n\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nIGOR\nSTRAVINSKY\n\n_(1882-1971)_\n\nComposer\n\n**Became stateless in 1921**\n\n\n\n_12_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _13_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\nand Humiliation\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **EVERYDAY LIFE**\n\n\n\n**T** **H** **E** **R** **O** **A**\n# T\n\n\n\n**AT THE AGE OF 17**\n\n**ANGEL LOIS JOSEPH**\n\n**WAS OFFERED**\n\n**A US$350,000**\n\n**BASEBALL CONTRACT**\n\n**WITH THE SAN**\n\n**FRANCISCO GIANTS.**\n\n**THE OFFER WAS**\n\n**SUBSEQUENTLY**\n\n**WITHDRAWN BECAUSE,**\n\n**THOUGH HE WAS BORN**\n\n**IN THE DOMINICAN**\n\n**REPUBLIC, HE WAS**\n\n**DENIED CITIZENSHIP**\n\n**THERE AND HAD NO**\n\n**OFFICIAL IDENTIFICATION**\n\n**DOCUMENT.**\n\n\n\n**T** **H** **E** **R** **O** **A** **D** **B** **L** **O** **C** **K** **S** **C** **H** **I** **L** **D** **R** **E** **N** **F** **I** **R** **S** **T**\n\nencounter at school follow them throughout their\n\nlives, making it difficult and sometimes impossible\n\nfor them to receive medical attention, obtain a job\n\nor enjoy other social services.\n\n**Issa** highlights the frustration of being a \u2018non\n\nperson\u2019 in Kenya. Emphatically, he explains, \u201cYou\n\ncannot leave your house.\u201d Technically, to do so\n\nwithout an ID is a crime. \u201cNow, if you cannot leave\n\nyour house, how do you live? How do you look for\n\na job?\u201d he asks. \u201cYou can\u2019t open a bank account.\n\nYou can\u2019t transact business. You cannot own any\nthing because you don\u2019t exist.\u201d\n\n**Railya** was a university professor with numerous\n\npublications to her name, but as a stateless person\n\nin France she found it impossible to find employ\nment or acceptance. \u201cThe totally blank expres\nsions on people\u2019s faces. That kills you,\u201d she says.\n\n\n\n**A man collects cocoa pods**\n\n**on a plantation in C\u00f4te**\n\n**d\u2019Ivoire. The nationality of**\n\n**hundreds of thousands of**\n\n**people in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire was**\n\n**called into question, leading**\n\n**to conflict. The government**\n\n**is now working to resolve**\n\n**these nationality issues.**\n\n\n\n**OFF LIMITS**\n\nIn countries across the globe many jobs are off lim\nits or severely restricted for non-nationals, including public service, teaching, law,\n\nmedicine and engineering. Some stateless people may be blocked from the labour\n\nmarket altogether.\n\nEven if they can find work, stateless people often have to ac\ncept wages substantially lower than nationals, little chance of\n\npromotion and the expectation of dismissal at any moment.\n\n\u201cMy salary is nothing more than pocket money,\u201d says **Aldul-**\n\n**rahman**, who lives in Kuwait.\n\nBecause of such situations, stateless people face greater\n\neveryday pressures than other groups.\n\nIn Myanmar, for example, nationals normally use state hos\npitals and clinics. However, because of government rules, state\nless people have to resort to private clinics\u2014which are much\n\nmore expensive\u2014or rely on non-profit organizations. This pat\n\n\ntern is repeated in other countries.\n\nIn Kenya, the government issued free mosquito nets, but only households with\n\nofficial IDs were eligible.\n\n\u201cDoes malaria only attack Kenyans?\u201d one frustrated stateless person asked at the\n\ntime.\n\nThere are occasional breakthroughs, but rarely without a twist in the tail.\n\n**Sleiman** is not authorized to work because he is stateless, but he nevertheless\n\nruns a successful wrought iron business in Lebanon. His company is registered in the\n\nname of his wife, who is a Lebanese national.\n\nSleiman is also a successful rally car driver and to recognize his sporting achieve\nments, a cedar tree was officially planted in his honour. But despite his many at\ntempts to be recognized as a Lebanese national, he remains unable to represent\n\nLebanon at international sports events and is still stateless. His pain and frustration\n\nis apparent when he says: \u201cI am nearly 50 years old and I am tired of begging.\u201d\n\n\n\n**Nusret Hodzic, born to**\n\n**Montenegrin citizens and**\n\n**registered as Serbian,**\n\n**became stateless overnight**\n\n**due to an administrative**\n\n**error in his paperwork. He**\n\n**had a well-established life in**\n\n**Bar, Montenegro, where he**\n\n**owns a house, works for a**\n\n**construction company and**\n\n**is well-known in the**\n\n**community. Now, deprived**\n\n**of his nationality and**\n\n**documents, he says he feels**\n\n**like he is living in**\n\n**quarantine.**\n\n\n**The number one**\n**cause of**\n**statelessness**\n**in the 1990s was**\n**the dissolution**\n**of the USSR and**\n**Yugoslavia.**\n**The main cause**\n**this decade is**\n**discrimination.**\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nMARC\nCHAGALL\n\n_(1887-1985)_\n\nArtist\n\n**Fled occupied Europe**\n\n**to USA in 1941 (had a**\n\n**Nansen passport)**\n\n\n\n_14_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _15_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n**Participation** : Coming\nIn from the Cold\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **PARTICIPATION**\n\n\n# S\n\n\n\n_\u201cIn the political life of_\n_the country, I do not_\n_have any voice.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 A** **STATELESS** **MAN**\n\nIN THE BALTICS\n\n\n**Stateless people**\n**almost never**\n**enjoy the right**\n**to vote or stand**\n**for public office.**\n\n\n\n**S TAT E L E S S** **P E O P L E** **W A N T** **N O T H I N G** **M O R E** **T H A N** **T O** **C O M E** **I N** **F R O M**\n\nthe cold\u2014to belong.\n\nBut this is often impossible. They have few rights in either their social or pro\nfessional lives and are often voiceless and politically impotent in communities\n\nwhere most have lived for many years.\n\nA woman in Brunei Darussalam expresses how helpless she felt: \u201cEven if I do voice\n\nmy opinion, I don\u2019t think by my own voice it would matter.\u201d\n\nAnd yet the \u2018pull\u2019 of the local community and state is strong even among these\n\nexcluded people. A majority of stateless persons in Estonia said in a series of in\nterviews that they viewed that country as home and wanted nothing more than to\n\nactively participate in the full political process.\n\nExceptionally among stateless populations worldwide, stateless people in Estonia\n\ncan vote in local elections but they still cannot stand as candidates, participate in\n\nnational referenda or parliamentary elections or join a political party.\n\nAs **Railya** in France eloquently articulates, there is nothing quite as hopeful, or\n\nin some cases as elusive, as feeling at home. \u201cIn Russian, there is a plant with no\n\nroots, perakati pole (tumbleweed). It tumbles. It rolls away with the breeze. That is\n\nstatelessness. And me, I want to put down my roots.\u201d\n\n\n\n**NO VOICE**\n\nThe mood has changed in certain countries and in some situations stateless peo\nple are beginning to gain a tentative social foothold, often aided by stateless and\n\nlocal advocacy groups.\n\nIn one case, filed by the Urdu-speaking Peoples Youth Rehabilitation Movement,\n\nthe Bangladesh High Court in 2008 ruled that members of an Urdu-speaking mi\nnority which had been stateless since independence, were, in fact, nationals:\n\n\u201cBy keeping the question of citizenship unresolved on wrong assumptions over\n\nthe decades, this nation has not gained anything\u2014but rather was deprived of the\n\ncontribution they could have made in nation building,\u201d the court observed.\n\nA grassroots movement, Stateless Young Brazilians, _Brasileirinhos Apatrida_ s, ral\nlied expatriates and their children to successfully push for a 2007 amendment to\n\na constitutional provision which had required children born of Brazilian parents out\n\n\n**Celebrations in the village**\n\n**of Dronguine, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.**\n\n**The children of the village**\n\n**have received birth**\n\n**certificates which help to**\n\n**ensure that they are**\n\n**recognized as citizens of**\n\n**C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.**\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nMSTISLAV\nROSTROPOVICH\n(1927-2007)\n\nCellist, conductor and\n\npolitical activist\n\n**Stateless from 1978**\n\n**to 1990**\n\n\n\nside the country to return home to live before they could be granted nationality.\n\nThat requirement often resulted in children becoming stateless. It\u2019s estimated that\n\nas many as 200,000 children were able to acquire Brazilian nationality as a result\n\nof the reform.\n\nStateless groups in Mauritania and Kenya have used human rights mechanisms\n\nto lodge complaints at the international level. Elsewhere, groups employed peti\ntions, public demonstrations and social media to demand a solution to their plight.\n\n**J.S.** is another example of a stateless person who desperately wants and needs\n\nhis voice to be heard. He is of Malawian origin but was born and lived in Zimbabwe\n\nuntil he was 10 years old. He then traveled to South Africa with his mother before\n\nbeing abandoned by her. He attempted to obtain Zimbabwean documentation, even\n\ntravelling back to Zimbabwe to pursue the necessary paperwork, but to no avail. He\n\nwas unable to legally marry his companion, because he was undocumented and, he\n\nworries that his child might be stateless and voiceless also.\n\n\u201cMy dream is to have a document so that I can vote. I want the government to\n\nsee me and to recognize my problem and to listen.\u201d \u201cMe, now I\u2019m old, but now I\u2019m\n\nlooking to the dreams of my child. I want him to have a future.\u201d\n\nAlthough there is already a community of UN, NGO and local actors working to\n\nresolve statelessness, a key component of UNHCR\u2019s Campaign to End Statelessness\n\nis **to foster greater partnership between the agency, governments, other inter-**\n\n**national organisations, civil society and stateless groups** to form a \u2018global coali\ntion\u2019 and increase their collaboration to fight statelessness.\n\n\n\n_16_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _17_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n**Security** : Living Under\nConstant Threat\n\n\n\nSPECIAL REPORT / **SECURITY**\n\n\n# S\n\n\n\nStateless people are often treated as irregular immigrants, and in Britain one third\n\nof stateless persons interviewed for a 2011 study said that they had been detained\n\nat one time or another for a period of a few days to five years under the country\u2019s\n\nimmigration powers.\n\n\u201cOnce I was not allowed to enter my younger daughter\u2019s school since I was not\n\nable to produce an ID,\u201d recalls a woman in Sri Lanka who has since acquired na\ntionality under groundbreaking reforms there. \u201cI avoided going to town during con\nflict times because I did not have an identity card, fearing the possibility of arrest\n\nby the police.\u201d\n\nAs stateless people often lack both nationality and necessary identity docu\nmentation, **they are vulnerable to arrest or detention, forcible eviction, expul-**\n\n**sion and even trafficking** . One stateless woman in Thailand recalls, \u201cBusinessmen\n\ncame to look for young girls. These men were human traffickers. I saw some state\nless girls go and work as prostitutes.\u201d\n\n**Insecurity is insidious,** always present and invading even the most intimate of\n\nrelationships. People without papers often cannot own anything. \u201cI have registered\n\nmy car in my brother-in-law\u2019s name,\u201d one man in the Gulf says. \u201cI like him. I think\n\nhe is a good guy. However, I keep telling my sister to say good things about me to\n\nhim. I don\u2019t want him to be angry. I could be left with nothing.\u201d\n\nThe wheels of justice do work for some. In Thailand, the dispossessed often turn\n\nto community leaders for assistance. And there have been a string of recent suc\ncesses in European, African and inter-American regional courts to resolve human\n\nrights complaints on statelessness.\n\n\n\n_\u201cThey issued me a_\n_driver\u2019s license when_\n_I produced an ID._\n_Now I can drive an_\n_auto-rickshaw for my_\n_livelihood. My two_\n_daughters have been_\n_admitted to primary_\n_school. And now I am_\n_planning to move_\n_from our settlement.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 A** **FORMERLY** **STATELESS**\n\n**URDU-SPEAKING** **MAN** IN\n\nBANGLADESH\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nMARGARETHE\nVON TROTTA\nFilm-maker\n\n**Born stateless in Germany**\n\n**in 1942**\n\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S N E S S** **C A N** **S P A R K**\n\ninter-communal strife or even\n\ncivil conflict\u2014but resolution of\n\nstatelessness can also provide a\n\nnew start.\n\nPeople become condemned in\n\nan unending cycle of repeated\n\nimprisonment or remain trapped\n\nin their own homes for years.\n\nThere is an ever-present feeling\n\nof potential betrayal, even by\n\nfriends and relatives, true in the world\u2019s most developed countries as well as in\n\nchronically unstable regions.\n\nHundreds of thousands of stateless people live in the West African state of C\u00f4te\n\nd\u2019Ivoire and when civil war broke out there in 2002, it was fuelled by disputes over\n\nIvorian identity and nationality.\n\nRefugee communities across the globe often include stateless people forced to\n\nflee their already precarious positions, imposing additional strains on local com\nmunities and states.\n\nStateless people often live in a constant state of siege. \u201cI am afraid to go out,\u201d\n\n**Gabir** in Belgium says. \u201cEverywhere I go I am afraid that someone will ask for my\n\nidentity card.\u201d **Um Chadi**, a mother of three stateless sons in the Middle East, has\n\nhad to rescue her son from jail several times after he has been picked up en route\n\nto his early morning job. \u201cAt 2 a.m. in the morning. Once at 3 a.m. as well, I went to\n\nthe police station to pick him up. Is that a life? Honestly, it\u2019s not a life.\u201d\n\nStateless people from Myanmar living in Bangladesh became entangled in a vi\ncious cycle of continuous imprisonment for years. Released after initial immigra\ntion or criminal sentences, they were immediately re-imprisoned because the au\nthorities were unable to deport them to Myanmar where they were \u2018non-persons.\u2019\n\nThey acquired their own nickname, _\u2018the released prisoners_,\u2019 and even gained the sym\npathy of other inmates.\n\n\n\n**NO BOUNDARIES**\n\nThe stigma of statelessness recognizes no boundaries.\n\n\n\n**ABOVE**\n\n**Stateless men and women**\n\n**often risk their lives in a**\n\n**desperate bid to resolve**\n\n**their status.**\n\n\n**LEFT**\n\n**More than two decades**\n\n**after the break-up of**\n\n**the USSR, the only**\n\n**documentation possessed**\n\n**by many stateless people**\n\n**are their old Soviet**\n\n**passports.**\n\n\n**Statelessness was**\n**a root cause of**\n**armed conflicts**\n**in two African**\n**countries in the**\n**past 20 years.**\n\n\n\n_18_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _19_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 1 0 -Y E AR C AM PAI G N TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\n###### Seeking\n\n**Solutions**\n\n\n\n**T H E**\n# Tconsequences.\n\n\n\n**After having worked**\n\n**tirelessly to become a**\n\n**Thai citizen, Srinuan**\n\n**finally acquired**\n\n**nationality. She has since**\n\n**set up an organization to**\n\n**help other stateless**\n\n**people be recognized as**\n\n**Thai citizens.**\n\n\n**Resolving**\n**statelessness**\n**is possible:**\n**Since 2003, over**\n**four million**\n**stateless persons**\n**around the world**\n**have acquired a**\n**nationality.**\n\n\nstatelessness and prevent new cases of statelessness during the next 10 years.\n\nPersuading and supporting states to undertake several key actions could sever\n\nthe vicious cycle of statelessness that affects millions of people globally. The ac\ntions include:\n\n\n**Ensuring** that every birth is registered, thereby helping to establish le\uf0be\ngal proof of parentage and place of birth\u2014key elements of proof nec\nessary to establish a nationality.\n\n**Ensuring** that all children are granted nationality if they would other\uf0be\nwise be stateless for example, if their own parents are already stateless.\n\n**Removing** gender discrimination from nationality laws so that women\n\uf0be\ncan pass on their nationality to their children on an equal basis as men.\n\nWhere fathers are stateless or unable or unwilling to take steps to\n\n\n\n_\u201cAfter years of living_\n_in limbo, finally, I_\n_have the feeling that I_\n_belong to a country\u2026_\n_My country, my_\n_people and I regained_\n_the nationality and_\n_we feel again part of_\n_this great nation.\u201d_\n\n**\u2013 SHEIK** **AL-NUMANI**\n\nFROM IRAQ\n\n\n**S T A T E L E S S A C H I E V E R S**\n\n\nANNA\nPAVLOVA\n\n_(1881-1931)_\n\nPrima ballerina\n\n**Became stateless in 1921**\n\n\n\n**T H E** **P R O B L E M** **O F** **M A R G I N A L I Z AT I O N** **H A S** **P E R S I S T E D** **F O R** **C E N T U R I E S .**\n\nThe world\u2019s 10 million stateless live a marginalized, invisible existence. Their lives\n\nhave been disrupted or destroyed with incalculable social, economic or political\n\nconsequences.\n\nThe nightmare continues today\u2014the woman who weeps that \u201cit is better not to\n\nexist than to be without identity papers\u201d; the youngster in the Dominican Republic\n\ndenied an escape from poverty and an attractive career as a baseball player; and the\n\nwoman in Madagascar who refuses to start a family until she gets citizenship.\n\nBut there are also individual and national beacons of hope: the Thai woman who,\n\nhaving gained her own nationality is helping other stateless people acquire their\n\nown; the Ivorian man now actively involved in local politics; the recognition by the\n\nBangladesh High Court of the citizenship of the Urdu-speaking minority; and the\n\ngranting of nationality to over 60,000 people in Kyrgyzstan.\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s 10-year Campaign to End Statelessness** will harness a unique window\n\nof opportunity to garner public, national and international support to finally erad\nicate the scourge of statelessness within a decade.\n\nStatelessness created during a single moment in history can go on to affect peo\nple for generations and unless action is taken, these disenfranchised populations\n\nwill continue to grow. Statelessness, however, can be resolved in a single moment,\n\ntoo.\n\n**The key factor to a solution is political will** ; then relatively simple and low-cost\n\nreforms that can have an immediate, permanent impact.\n\nDuring the past five years, UNHCR has quintupled its budget for resolving state\nlessness and a special mechanism created by High Commissioner Guterres will pro\nvide increased funds for particularly promising and important projects. The Exec\nutive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme has approved a budget of\n\nUS$68 million for 2015.\n\nIn addition to the agency\u2019s own global staff network of aid workers who care for\n\nand protect the world\u2019s displaced and stateless people, over 20 additional spe\ncialists have been deployed around the world to work with governments and\n\nother relevant organizations to address statelessness.\n\nThe Campaign to End Statelessness aims to fully resolve existing situations of\n\n\n\n_20_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S S T A T E L E S S N E S S _21_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u201c...a form of punishment more primitive than torture\u201d\n\n\n**A 10-YE AR CAMPAIGN TO END STATELESSNESS**\n\nSeeking\n**Solutions**\n\n\n\n**12 countries have**\n**reformed their**\n**nationality laws to**\n**allow women to**\n**confer nationality**\n**to their children.**\n\n\n**OPPOSITE** **PAGE**\n\n**Higna is a Dominican of**\n\n**Haitian descent who had her**\n\n**Dominican citizenship**\n\n**revoked, rendering her**\n\n**stateless. An exceptional**\n\n**student, Higna was offered a**\n\n**scholarship to a university**\n\n**at just 16 years old. Unable**\n\n**to receive her cedula, the**\n\n**Dominican national identity**\n\n**card, Higna was unable to**\n\n**attend university or apply**\n\n**for jobs. Daunted but**\n\n**refusing to be defeated,**\n\n**Higna is taking courses in**\n\n**English and other studies**\n\n**and is continuing her fight**\n\n**to regain her citizenship.**\n\n\n\npass on their nationality, gender parity in nationality could prevent\n\nchildhood statelessness in thousands of cases.\n\n**Resolving** current situations of statelessness through changes to legis\uf0be\nlation or government policy which in most cases is the simplest, most\n\nlow-cost approach to address statelessness.\n\n**Eliminating** discrimination because of race, ethnicity, religion, gender\n\uf0be\nor disability which is sometimes enshrined in law and has affected\n\nhundreds of thousands of members of minority groups across the\n\nworld.\n\nOther measures, which will be highlighted in discussions with governments and\n\nrelevant international and regional organizations, public and academic confer\nences, include guarantees of a nationality to individuals affected by the creation\n\nof a new state or the transfer of territories between states; encouraging all coun\ntries to accede to the two UN conventions on statelessness; ensuring that stateless\n\nmigrants acquire a legal status and a nationality through government procedures;\n\nand the gathering of more comprehensive data on stateless people and the causes\n\nof their statelessness.\n\n\u201c **Ending decades of social injustice ingrained in the everyday life will not be**\n\n**easy but it is simply the right thing to do,** \u201d High Commissioner Guterres said.\n\n\u201cStateless people almost always have strong ties to one country or another. With\n\npolitical will and our combined efforts, those ties between people and states can\n\nbe recognized. Millions of people will finally have a country to call their own and\n\nwill finally have the same opportunities enjoyed by the rest of us.\u201d\n\n\n\n_22_ S T A T E L E S S N E S S\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6592b31a-fb42-3893-9cc2-f21a58534993/Stateless-Report_eng_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_644/raw/doc_644_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_644/raw/doc_644_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4e65095c08ea024f52d99ba129c984b67f30758b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_644/raw/doc_644_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RAPPORT SPECIAL / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nC\u2019est \u00ab **une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive**\n**que la torture** \u00bb.\n\n**\u2013 EARL** **WARREN**, FEU LE PR\u00c9SIDENT DE LA COUR SUPR\u00caME\nDES ETATS-UNIS, 1958\n\n\nUne campagne\npour mettre fin\n##### a l\u2019apatridie `\n## en 10 ans\n\n\n\n\n\n**O N** **T R O U V E**\n# O\n\n\n\nsent simplement \u00e0 travers les mailles d\u2019un syst\u00e8me qui les ignore ou qui les a oubli\u00e9es.\n\nPlus de deux d\u00e9cennies apr\u00e8s l\u2019effondrement de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, au moins\n\n600 000 personnes demeurent apatrides. Quelque 300 000 Biharis parlant ourdou\n\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9s de citoyennet\u00e9 par le gouvernement bangladais lorsque le pays est\n\ndevenu ind\u00e9pendant en 1971. Une d\u00e9cision de 2013 prise par la Cour Constitution\nnelle de la R\u00e9publique dominicaine a priv\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de ressortissants\n\ndominicains, la plupart de descendance ha\u00eftienne, du droitdu droit \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9\n\net des privil\u00e8ges qui en d\u00e9coulent. Plus de 800 000 Rohingyas au Myanmar se sont\n\nvu refuser la nationalit\u00e9 en application de la loi de 1982 sur la citoyennet\u00e9 et leur\n\nlibert\u00e9 de circulation, de religion et leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8rement\n\nrestreints.\n\n**Plus d\u2019un tiers des apatrides dans le monde sont des enfants** et les stigmates\n\nde l\u2019apatridie pourraient les marquer toute leur vie, voire apr\u00e8s leur mort ; s\u2019ils ont\n\neux-m\u00eames des enfants, cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration se retrouvera \u00e9galement apatride et la\n\ncrise se perp\u00e9tue.\n\nCe probl\u00e8me s\u00e9culaire a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9veiller la conscience de la communaut\u00e9\n\n\n\n_probl\u00e8me de_\n_l\u2019apatridie. Nous_\n_avons l\u2019opportunit\u00e9,_\n_comme jamais_\n_auparavant, de nous_\n_attaquer \u00e0 cette_\n_injustice. Il est_\n_d\u00e9sormais temps_\n_d\u2019agir. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 ANT\u00d3NIO** **GUTERRES**\n\nHAUT COMMISSAIRE\n\nPOUR LES R\u00c9FUGI\u00c9S\n\n\n**Plus de trois millions**\n**d\u2019apatrides vivent**\n**dans seulement**\n**10 pays.**\n\n\n\n**COUVERTURE**\n\n**Une jeune fille Rom fait d\u00e9j\u00e0**\n\n**face aux difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0**\n\n**l\u2019apatridie. Sa famille survit**\n\n**\u00e0 peine en ramassant des**\n\n**d\u00e9bris de m\u00e9tal. Elle vit**\n\n**dans des conditions**\n\n**effroyables dans une**\n\n**chambre de fortune, sans**\n\n**eau courante, ni \u00e9lectricit\u00e9,**\n\n**ni installations sanitaires.**\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR / N. LUKIN /\n\nNOVEMBRE 2010\n\n\n**COUVERTURE ARRI\u00c8RE** **:** \u00a9 BERNISCHES\n\nHISTORISCHES MUSEUM, BERNE\n\n\n\n**O N** **T R O U V E** **D E S** **A PAT R I D E S** **D A N S** **T O U T E S** **L E S** **R \u00c9 G I O N S** **D U** **M O N D E** \nAsie, Afrique, Moyen-Orient, Europe et Am\u00e9riques\u2014des communaut\u00e9s enti\u00e8res, des\n\nnouveau-n\u00e9s, des enfants, des couples et des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.\n\nLeur mal\u00e9diction commune, l\u2019absence de toute nationalit\u00e9, les prive des droits\n\nque la majorit\u00e9 de la population mondiale consid\u00e8re comme naturels.\n\nCe sont souvent des exclus, du berceau \u00e0 la tombe\u2014priv\u00e9s d\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique \u00e0\n\nleur naissance, priv\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, aux soins de sant\u00e9, au mariage et aux op\nportunit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi toute leur vie et m\u00eame priv\u00e9s de la dignit\u00e9 d\u2019une s\u00e9pulture of\nficielle et d\u2019un certificat de d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 leur mort.\n\n**L\u2019apatridie est un probl\u00e8me cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l\u2019homme** qui se produit par la conjugai\nson d\u00e9routante de plusieurs causes. Des groupes entiers de population peuvent de\nvenir apatrides du jour au lendemain en raison de directives politiques ou juridiques\n\nou du red\u00e9coupage des fronti\u00e8res \u00e9tatiques.\n\nDes familles subissent des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d\u2019apatrides bien qu\u2019elles aient des liens pro\nfond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9s et de longue date avec leurs communaut\u00e9s et leurs pays. Certaines\n\npersonnes sont devenues apatrides en raison d\u2019obstacles administratifs ; elles pas\n\n\n_2_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n\nETATS PARTIES AUX CONVENTIONS SUR L\u2019APATRIDIE\n\n\n\n**Au cours des**\n**quatre derni\u00e8res**\n**ann\u00e9es, plus de**\n**pays ont adh\u00e9r\u00e9**\n**\u00e0 la Convention**\n**de 1961 sur la**\n**r\u00e9duction des cas**\n**d\u2019apatridie que**\n**dans les quatre**\n**d\u00e9cennies ayant**\n**suivi son adoption.**\n\n\n**\u00ab maktoum al qaed\u00bb ou**\n\n**\u00ab celui ou celle qui ne figure**\n\n**pas dans les registres \u00bb.**\n\n**Elle dit que le fait d\u2019\u00eatre**\n\n**apatride a \u00ab d\u00e9truit ses r\u00eaves \u00bb.**\n\n**L\u00e9al souffre d\u2019une maladie**\n\n**r\u00e9nale mortelle et craint pour**\n\n**l\u2019avenir de ses deux jeunes**\n\n**gar\u00e7ons qui sont \u00e9galement**\n\n**apatrides, incertaine de ce qui**\n\n**pourrait leur arriver si elle**\n\n**ne survit pas.**\n\n\n\n1948 et de nombreux trait\u00e9s internationaux\n\net r\u00e9gionaux des droits de l\u2019homme qui\n\n\u00e9noncent le droit de tout individu \u00e0 une na\ntionalit\u00e9.\n\nR\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie a ce\npendant sembl\u00e9 insurmontable pendant des\n\nd\u00e9cennies. De nombreux gouvernements et\n\nl\u2019ensemble de la communaut\u00e9 internationale semblaient indiff\u00e9rents, et ils pro\nlongeaient souvent les crises plut\u00f4t que de faire des efforts pour les r\u00e9soudre.\n\nLe HCR soutient que ce probl\u00e8me peut largement \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9 et qu\u2019avec suffisamment\n\nde volont\u00e9 politique il peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre compl\u00e8tement r\u00e9solu.\n\nUn obstacle majeur pour trouver des solutions tient au fait que les gouverne\nments et le HCR manquent de donn\u00e9es ad\u00e9quates sur de nombreuses populations\n\napatrides. Il est fr\u00e9quent que les apatrides soient non seulement sans documents\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Quand je dis aux gens_\n_que je suis apatride, je_\n_ne lis sur leur visage_\n_que stup\u00e9faction,_\n_ignorance et_\n_m\u00e9fiance. C\u2019est_\n_comme quand le virus_\n_du SIDA a \u00e9t\u00e9_\n_d\u00e9couvert et que_\n_les gens sont_\n_soudainement_\n_devenus m\u00e9fiants_\n_envers toute personne_\n_s\u00e9ropositive. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 RAILYA,** FRANCE\n\n\n\ninternationale quand des termes ou expressions comme \u00ab inhumain \u00bb, \u00ab embarras\nsant \u00bb, \u00ab une lacune du droit international \u00bb ont \u00e9t\u00e9 employ\u00e9s pour qualifier la si\ntuation dramatique des apatrides.\n\nLe HCR a \u00e9t\u00e9 mandat\u00e9 pour assister les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apatrides en 1950. Comme de\n\ntr\u00e8s nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile sont \u00e9galement apatrides, ils sont g\u00e9\nn\u00e9ralement comptabilis\u00e9s dans les chiffres relatifs aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux deman\ndeurs d\u2019asile. Au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, 20 % de tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9install\u00e9s\n\npar le HCR \u00e9taient \u00e9galement apatrides. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, le HCR s\u2019est vu confier\n\nle mandat d\u2019assister les personnes apatrides relevant de la Convention de 1961 sur\n\nla r\u00e9duction des cas d\u2019apatridie et son r\u00f4le a \u00e9t\u00e9 consolid\u00e9 en 1995.\n\n**Les textes juridiques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les activit\u00e9s du HCR dans ce domaine**\n\n**sont la Convention de 1954 relative au statut des apatrides et la Convention de**\n\n**1961 sur la r\u00e9duction des cas d\u2019apatridie** . Ces trait\u00e9s sont confort\u00e9s par d\u2019autres ins\ntruments juridiques comme la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme de\n\n\n\n_4_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb RAPPORT SPECIAL / **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Mon r\u00eave est d\u2019avoir_\n_un document pour_\n_pouvoir voter._\n_Je souhaite que_\n_le gouvernement_\n_me voit et m\u2019\u00e9coute. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 ANCIEN** **APATRIDE**\n\nEN AFRIQUE DU SUD\n\n\n**Le chemin vers la nationalit\u00e9**\n\n**est souvent difficile. Ici, une**\n\n**femme apatride montre**\n\n**toutes les pi\u00e8ces qu\u2019elle a d\u00fb**\n\n**pr\u00e9senter pour essayer**\n\n**d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n\n\n**Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 29 pays se**\n\n**sont r\u00e9unis \u00e0 New York au**\n\n**si\u00e8ge de l\u2019ONU pour signer**\n\n**la Convention de 1961 sur**\n\n**la r\u00e9duction des cas**\n\n**d\u2019apatridie. Ici, M. Mario**\n\n**Amadeo d\u2019Argentine**\n\n**signe l\u2019acte final au nom**\n\n**de son pays.**\n\n\n\nmais \u00e9galement ignor\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s et non comptabilis\u00e9s dans les bases de don\nn\u00e9es et registres administratifs nationaux. Nombre d\u2019entre eux ne sont m\u00eame pas\n\npris en compte dans les recensements de population. Sur les 142 recensements na\ntionaux de population effectu\u00e9s depuis 2005 pour lesquels les Nations Unies pos\ns\u00e8dent des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es, seuls 112 incluaient une question sur la natio\nnalit\u00e9. Parmi eux moins de 25 % des questionnaires de recensement comprenaient\n\ndes options programm\u00e9es permettant aux agents recenseurs d\u2019inscrire \u2018apatrides\u2019\n\nou \u2018sans nationalit\u00e9\u2019 \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de leurs entretiens avec des personnes apatrides.\n\nCes derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, on note une \u00e9volution perceptible et positive pour trou\nver une solution \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie.\n\nDe nouveaux Etats ont adh\u00e9r\u00e9 aux deux conventions sur l\u2019apatridie ; 26 Etats sont\n\n\n\ndevenus parties dans les trois seules derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ce qui conduit \u00e0 un total de\n\n82 pays ayant adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la Convention de 1954 et de 60 pays ayant adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la Conven\ntion de 1961. Beaucoup d\u2019Etats ont r\u00e9solu le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie dans leur pro\npre pays. Suite \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision de 2008 de la Haute Cour au Bangladesh, les 300 000\n\napatrides parlant ourdou ont \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnus comme citoyens. Le Vietnam a accept\u00e9\n\nde trouver une solution \u00e0 la situation dramatique des anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apatrides du\n\nCambodge et de faciliter la r\u00e9-acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 par des milliers de\n\nfemmes devenues apatrides apr\u00e8s la non-obtention de la nationalit\u00e9 de leurs\n\nconjoints \u00e9trangers. Depuis 2009, plus de\n\n60 000 anciens citoyens sovi\u00e9tiques ont ob\ntenu la nationalit\u00e9 du Kirghizstan, et plus de\n\n15 000 celle du Turkm\u00e9nistan. En Irak, sous\n\nle r\u00e9gime de Saddam Hussein, un d\u00e9cret de\n\n1980 avait retir\u00e9 la citoyennet\u00e9 aux Kurdes\n\nFaili jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le nouveau gouverne\nment annule cette d\u00e9cision. En 2013, la C\u00f4te\n\nd\u2019Ivoire a amend\u00e9 sa loi pour permettre l\u2019ac\nquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 moyennant une\n\nproc\u00e9dure de demande simplifi\u00e9e dont b\u00e9\nn\u00e9ficieront de nombreuses personnes parmi\n\nles 700 000 apatrides dans ce pays.\n\n**Il existe aussi des parcours individuels**\n\n**dont le succ\u00e8s est \u00e9difiant.**\n\nGr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa seule pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance, **Srinuan**,\n\nune jeune femme apatride s\u2019est battue pour obtenir la nationalit\u00e9 tha\u00efe et sa r\u00e9us\nsite a par la suite incit\u00e9 des centaines d\u2019habitants de son village \u00e0 en faire autant.\n\nDans un autre endroit du monde, en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, un homme apatride, **Bere Tas-**\n\n**soumane**, a obtenu la nationalit\u00e9 ivoirienne et a donc pu se porter candidat \u00e0 un\n\nmandat local dans la ville de Bouaffle et cinq autres de ses amis anciennement apa\ntrides ont ensuite remport\u00e9 les \u00e9lections locales. \u00ab Nous \u0153uvrons pour le bien-\u00eatre\n\nde notre communaut\u00e9 par amour parce que nous avons nous-m\u00eames \u00e9t\u00e9 margina\nlis\u00e9s \u00bb, affirme Bere Tassoumane.\n\n\n\nL\u2019APATRIDIE AU FIL DU TEMPS\n\n\n\n**1800**\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n**Fin** **1800** **1922 1941 1948 1950 1954 1955 1955 1961 1974 1995 2005 2011 2014**\n\n\n\nDes sp\u00e9cialistes\njuridiques qualifient\n**l\u2019apatridie comme**\n**\u00ab inhumaine \u00bb**\n\n\n\nLa D\u00e9claration\nuniverselle\ndes droits de\nl\u2019homme \u2013 **la**\n**nationalit\u00e9**\n**reconnue**\n**comme un**\n**droit de**\n**l\u2019homme**\n\n\n\n\uf071 \uf071 \uf071\n\n\n\n**Le HCR**\n**est cr\u00e9\u00e9**\n\n\n\nLe **HCR** re\u00e7oit le\nmandat de\nl\u2019Assemble g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\n**pour assister les**\n**apatrides** dans le\ncadre de la\nConvention de 1961\n\n\n\n**Une d\u00e9cision cl\u00e9**\n**sur l\u2019apatridie** et\nle droit \u00e0 la\nnationalit\u00e9\n**de la Cour**\n**interam\u00e9ricaine**\n**des droits de**\n**l\u2019homme**\n\n\n\nLe lancement de **la**\n**campagne du HCR**\n**pour mettre fin \u00e0**\n**l\u2019apatridie en 10 ans**\n\n\n\nUne d\u00e9cision cl\u00e9\nde la Cour de\njustice\ninternationale\nconfirme que la\n**l\u00e9gislation sur**\n**la nationalit\u00e9**\n**de chaque pays**\n**doit respecter**\n**la loi**\n**internationale**\n\n\n\nLe Pr\u00e9sident de\nla Cour supr\u00eame\ndes E.-U. affirme\nque l\u2019apatridie\nest \u00ab **une forme**\n**de ch\u00e2timent**\n**plus primitive**\n**que la torture** \u00bb\n\n\n\nLa Convention\ndes Nations\nUnies sur la\nr\u00e9duction des\ncas d\u2019apatridie\n**est adopt\u00e9e**\n\n\n\nLa Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des\nNations incite ses\nEtats membres \u00e0\noctroyer des\ndocuments\nd\u2019identit\u00e9 \u00e0 **800 000**\n**personnes priv\u00e9es**\n**de la nationalit\u00e9**\n**russe**\n\n\n\nUn amendement \u00e0\nla Loi allemande\nsur la citoyennet\u00e9\nest vot\u00e9, **privant**\n**les juifs exil\u00e9s de**\n**leur nationalit\u00e9**\n**allemande**\n\n\n\nLe mandat du\nHCR est \u00e9largi\npour pr\u00e9venir\net r\u00e9duire\nl\u2019apatridie, ainsi\nque **pour**\n**prot\u00e9ger les**\n**apatrides \u00e0**\n**travers le**\n**monde**\n\n\n\nLa Convention\ndes Nations\nUnies relative\nau **statut des**\n**apatrides** est\nadopt\u00e9e\n\n\n\nUn pas d\u00e9cisif\n(\u00ab quantum leap \u00bb)\n\u00e0 la Rencontre\nminist\u00e9rielle \u00e0\nGen\u00e8ve o\u00f9\n**plus de 60 Etats**\nont pris des\nengagements en\nmati\u00e8re\nd\u2019apatridie\n\n\n\n_6_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _7_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb RAPPORT SPECIAL / **ENFANTS**\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n\nS\u2019appuyant sur cette dynamique, le HCR lance sa campagne pour mettre fin \u00e0\n\nl\u2019apatridie en 10 ans.\n\nLa strat\u00e9gie du HCR afin d\u2019atteindre l\u2019objectif ambitieux de cette campagne\n\ncontient des mesures cl\u00e9s que les Etats doivent prendre pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 l\u2019apatri\ndie. Ces mesures sont notamment les suivantes :\n\n\n**Trouver** une solution aux principales situations d\u2019apatridie\n\uf0be\nen r\u00e9formant leur l\u00e9gislation et leur politique, conjointement\n\n\u00e0 des campagnes de citoyennet\u00e9 ;\n\n**Veiller** \u00e0 ce qu\u2019aucun enfant ne naisse apatride ;\n\uf0be\n**Pr\u00e9venir** la privation de nationalit\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur la discrimination ;\n\uf0be\n**Supprimer** la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le sexe dans les lois\n\uf0be\n\n\n**Enfants** : des millions\nde gamins \u2018invisibles\u2019\n\n\n\nrelatives \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 ;\n\n**Accorder** un statut de protection aux migrants apatrides ; et\n\uf0be\n**D\u00e9livrer** des documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 \u00e0 ceux qui y ont droit.\n\uf0be\nEn donnant la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9radication de l\u2019apatridie, **le Haut Commissaire des Na-**\n\n**tions Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s Ant\u00f3nio Guterres a affirm\u00e9** : \u00ab Il est tragique qu\u2019au\njourd\u2019hui trois millions de personnes vivent sans nationalit\u00e9. Contrairement \u00e0 de\n\nnombreux conflits arm\u00e9s, tout gouvernement concern\u00e9 a totalement le pouvoir de\n\nr\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie. Nous avons l\u2019opportunit\u00e9, comme jamais au\nparavant, de nous attaquer \u00e0 cette injustice. Il est d\u00e9sormais temps d\u2019agir. Je r\u00e9p\u00e8te\n\naux gouvernements que le HCR est dispos\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir vos efforts pour mettre fin\n\n\u00e0 l\u2019apatridie. \u00bb\n\n\n\n**P L U S** **D** **\u2019 U N**\n# P\n\n\n\n**Maria, fillette apatride n\u00e9e**\n\n**de parents cubains \u00e9migr\u00e9s,**\n\n**ne peut pas acqu\u00e9rir la**\n\n**nationalit\u00e9 cubaine.**\n\n\n_\u00ab Parfois, en tant que_\n_maman, j\u2019essaie de_\n_comprendre._\n_A l\u2019instant m\u00eame o\u00f9_\n_ma fille est n\u00e9e, elle_\n_est tomb\u00e9e dans ce_\n_cauchemar d\u2019\u00eatre_\n_\u2018apatride\u2019. Comment_\n_se peut-il qu\u2019un enfant_\n_puisse naitre et qu\u2019au_\n_m\u00eame moment lui_\n_soit d\u00e9ni\u00e9 le droit le_\n_plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire_\n_auquel tout \u00eatre_\n_humain a droit ? \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 M\u00c8RE** **DE** **MARIA**\n\n\n\n**Un enfant na\u00eet**\n**apatride toutes les**\n**10 minutes dans**\n**seulement cinq pays.**\n**Ces cinq pays**\n**repr\u00e9sentent plus**\n**de la moiti\u00e9 de la**\n**population mondiale**\n**connue d\u2019apatrides.**\n**Ils ne fournissent**\n**pas de garanties**\n**juridiques permettant**\n**d\u2019emp\u00eacher que**\n**les enfants ne**\n**deviennent apatrides.**\n\n\n\n**P L U S** **D** **\u2019 U N** **T I E R S** **D E S** **A PAT R I D E S** **D A N S** **L E** **M O N D E** **S O N T** **D E S** **E N FA N T S .**\n\nNombreux tombent dans des sables mouvants juridiques le jour m\u00eame de leur nais\nsance, passent la plus grande partie de leur vie \u00e0 se battre contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dont\n\nils ont h\u00e9rit\u00e9, et dans la plupart des cas transmettent leur douleur aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations\n\nfutures.\n\nL\u2019enregistrement de la naissance d\u2019un enfant apatride peut m\u00eame s\u2019av\u00e9rer im\npossible, faisant de ce nouveau-n\u00e9 une \u2018non personne\u2019 imm\u00e9diate aux yeux des gou\nvernements. Cet enfant est sujet \u00e0 des abus et un rejet potentiels, allant de l\u2019absence\n\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des immunisations vitales \u00e0 la protection contre le mariage pr\u00e9coce.\n\nApr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9 de pr\u00e9senter le certificat de d\u00e9c\u00e8s de son grand-p\u00e8re pour\n\nconfirmer sa nationalit\u00e9, **Hussain**, un jeune Kenyan s\u2019interroge, \u00ab Pouvez-vous ima\nginer que quelqu\u2019un vous demande quelque chose que vous ne poss\u00e9dez pas ? On\n\nvous demande de donner une preuve alors que vous ne savez pas vraiment com\nment le prouver. Quand mon grand-p\u00e8re est mort, je n\u2019\u00e9tais m\u00eame pas n\u00e9. \u00bb\n\nLe risque que des enfants non enregistr\u00e9s restent apatrides augmente quand le\n\nconflit les force \u00e0 fuir leur foyer ou quand ils sont n\u00e9s en exil. Plus de 50 000 en\nfants sont n\u00e9s de parents r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens en Jordanie, en Irak, au Liban, en Turquie\n\net en Egypte depuis le d\u00e9but du conflit. La plupart ont droit \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 syrienne\n\nmais ceux qui n\u2019ont pas d\u2019enregistrement civil de leur naissance pourraient ren\ncontrer des probl\u00e8mes s\u00e9rieux pour le prouver plus tard dans leur vie.\n\n\n\n_8_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _9_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **ENFANTS**\n\n\n\n**Au Kirghizstan, une m\u00e8re**\n\n**de trois enfants, dont un**\n\n**souffre d\u2019\u00e9pilepsie, a des**\n\n**difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 obtenir des**\n\n**soins m\u00e9dicaux et des**\n\n**allocations sociales pour**\n\n**ses enfants. Elle vit dans**\n\n**la pauvret\u00e9 parce qu\u2019elle**\n\n**n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 trouver**\n\n**un emploi.**\n\n\n**Des enfants \u00e0 Telipok,**\n\n**Sabah, en Malaisie.**\n\n**Beaucoup d\u2019enfants de**\n\n**migrants sont incapables**\n\n**d\u2019\u00e9tablir leur nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n**Certains n\u2019ont aucune pi\u00e8ce**\n\n**d\u2019identit\u00e9 et n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s**\n\n**\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation.**\n\n\n\n**Un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 apatride tient**\n\n**sa carte \u00ab maktoumeen \u00bb,**\n\n**document d\u00e9livr\u00e9 aux**\n\n**apatrides kurdes non**\n\n**enregistr\u00e9s, qui ne conf\u00e8re**\n\n**aucun droit ni aucun statut.**\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\nSTEFAN\nZWEIG\n\n_(1881 \u2013 1942)_\n\nEcrivain, n\u00e9 autrichien\n\n**Rendu apatride en 1938**\n\n\n\n**Mais l\u2019enregistrement n\u2019est pas toujours une proc\u00e9dure facile pour les r\u00e9fu-**\n\n**gi\u00e9s.** En raison du conflit, de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont perdu les documents d\u2019iden\ntit\u00e9 exig\u00e9s pour enregistrer les naissances des enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le pays d\u2019asile.\n\nDes difficult\u00e9s se posent \u00e9galement pour enregistrer les enfants n\u00e9s hors mariage\n\nou de parents dont le mariage religieux n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement enregistr\u00e9. Au Li\nban, une enqu\u00eate du HCR a constat\u00e9 que 78 % des nouvelles naissances n\u2019\u00e9taient\n\npas enregistr\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s libanaises par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens. Des re\ncherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sont en cours pour \u00e9valuer l\u2019ampleur du probl\u00e8me dans\n\nles autres principaux pays d\u2019asile. Le HCR continue de coop\u00e9rer avec les autorit\u00e9s\n\nnationales pour simplifier les conditions d\u2019enregistrement et pour rendre l\u2019enre\ngistrement civil des mariages et des naissances plus accessible aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Il a \u00e9ga\nlement lanc\u00e9 une campagne de sensibilisation massive en coordination avec l\u2019UNI\nCEF et d\u2019autres partenaires pour expliquer les proc\u00e9dures aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment\n\npar des brochures et des vid\u00e9os explicatives diffus\u00e9es dans les bureaux d\u2019aide, les\n\ncamps et les lieux d\u2019enregistrement.\n\n\n**EDUCATION : UN DROIT HUMAIN \u00c9L\u00c9MENTAIRE D\u00c9NI\u00c9 ?**\n\nL\u2019\u00e9ducation est une question particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9pineuse. Les enfants apatrides\n\npeuvent se voir refuser la permission de fr\u00e9quenter les \u00e9coles publiques et d\u2019ef\nfectuer des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures et \u00eatre stigmatis\u00e9s par les enseignants comme par\n\nles autres \u00e9l\u00e8ves.\n\n\u00ab Ce qui m\u2019affecte le plus, c\u2019est de ne pas pouvoir d\u00e9clarer mes enfants \u00bb, affirme\n\n**Juliana** en R\u00e9publique dominicaine. \u00ab Les \u00e9coles demandent les documents de mes\n\nenfants \u00bb, documents que Juliana ne poss\u00e8de pas. \u00ab Je veux que mes enfants \u00e9tu\n\n\ndient, qu\u2019ils avancent, ce que je\n\nn\u2019ai pas fait moi-m\u00eame \u00bb, mais\n\nsans ces bouts de papier vitaux\n\nses enfants et beaucoup d\u2019autres\n\nne peuvent m\u00eame pas essayer de\n\nmener une vie normale.\n\n\u00ab J\u2019ai rat\u00e9 l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019obte\nnir une bourse pour \u00e9tudier au Ja\npon parce que je n\u2019avais pas de\n\ncarte d\u2019identit\u00e9, pas de nationa\nlit\u00e9 \u00bb, explique **Sheila**, qui a grandi\n\ncomme apatride au Vietnam.\n\n**L\u2019humiliation et les menaces sont parfois employ\u00e9es** . \u00ab Les enseignants entrent\n\ndans la classe et demandent \u00e0 ceux qui n\u2019ont pas de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 de lever la main \u00bb,\n\nse souvient une jeune fille de R\u00e9publique dominicaine. \u00ab Et ceux qui ont des cartes\n\nd\u2019identit\u00e9 taquinent ceux d\u2019entre nous qui n\u2019en ont pas. Ils disent \u2018les camions arri\nvent pour vous d\u00e9porter. Vous ne pouvez pas passer vos examens. Vous perdez vo\ntre temps. Vous ne ferez rien de votre vie.\u2019 \u00bb\n\nAu Myanmar, seuls 4,8 % des filles apatrides et 16,8 % des gar\u00e7ons apatrides ter\nminent l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire, contre 40,9 % et 46,2 % des filles et des gar\u00e7ons de natio\nnalit\u00e9 birmane. Des enfants r\u00e9ussissent parfois \u00e0 vaincre le sort et le r\u00e9sultat peut\n\n\u00eatre spectaculaire. Sans se laisser d\u00e9\nmonter, de nombreux enfants apatrides\n\nsont parvenus \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser de grandes\n\nchoses.\n\n**Srinuan** a un parcours remarquable.\n\nMalgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es, elle a\n\npers\u00e9v\u00e9r\u00e9 et termin\u00e9 ses \u00e9tudes gr\u00e2ce\n\nau soutien d\u2019une fondation locale. Elle a\n\npoursuivi ses \u00e9tudes et remport\u00e9 une\n\nbourse compl\u00e8te pour \u00e9tudier dans une\n\nuniversit\u00e9 aux Etats-Unis o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nchoqu\u00e9e de constater que les gens \u00ab la\n\ntraitaient d\u2019\u00e9gal \u00e0 \u00e9gal. M\u00eame si je leur\n\ndisais que j\u2019\u00e9tais apatride, ils restaient\n\nmes amis \u00bb.\n\n\u00ab Je pouvais voyager librement \u00bb,\n\npoursuit-elle. \u00ab Je n\u2019\u00e9tais pas la m\u00eame\n\npersonne qu\u2019en Tha\u00eflande. Je pensais\n\n\u2018Pourquoi ne puis-je pas me sentir pareille dans mon pays d\u2019origine ?\u2019 \u00bb Toutefois,\n\nlorsqu\u2019elle est rentr\u00e9e pour renouveler ses documents de voyage, elle a eu l\u2019im\npression que le m\u00eame combat recommen\u00e7ait.\n\nSes \u00e9tudes l\u2019ayant rendue capable de s\u2019assumer, elle a fini par retourner vivre en\n\nTha\u00eflande o\u00f9, \u00e0 force de se battre, elle a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 obtenir la nationalit\u00e9 tha\u00efe. Son\n\nsucc\u00e8s a incit\u00e9 d\u2019autres habitants de son village \u00e0 suivre son exemple.\n\n**La campagne du HCR vise \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie** qui conduit au\n\ntype de difficult\u00e9s que rencontrent actuellement des milliers d\u2019enfants comme Srinuan.\n\n\n\n_10_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _11_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n**Familles** : sous une\npression constante\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **FAMILLES**\n\n\n\n**L \u2019 A** **B** **S** **E** **N** **C**\n# L\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Si j\u2019avais su qu\u2019il y_\n_aurait ces probl\u00e8mes,_\n_je n\u2019aurais jamais_\n_\u00e9pous\u00e9 mon mari._\n_Pourquoi mes enfants_\n_doivent-ils assumer_\n_une erreur que j\u2019ai_\n_commise ?_\n_Maintenant mes_\n_enfants n\u2019ont pas_\n_acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ou_\n_aux soins de sant\u00e9 et_\n_mon mari en souffre_\n_affectivement. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 UNE** **FEMME**\n\n**JORDANIENNE** MARI\u00c9E \u00c0\n\nUN \u00c9TRANGER DANS\n\nL\u2019INCAPACIT\u00c9 DE\n\nTRANSMETTRE SA\n\nNATIONALIT\u00c9 \u00c0\n\nSES ENFANTS\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\nIGOR\nSTRAVINSKY\n\n_(1882-1971)_\n\nCompositeur\n\n**Devenu apatride en 1921**\n\n\n\n**L \u2019 A** **B** **S** **E** **N** **C** **E** **D** **E** **N** **A** **T** **I** **O** **N** **A** **L** **I** **T** **\u00c9** **P** **E** **U** **T** **A** **L** **T** **\u00c9** **R** **E** **R** **E** **T** **S** **O** **U** **V** **E** **N** **T**\n\nd\u00e9truire le partenariat humain de base\u2014la famille.\n\nL\u2019apatridie d\u00e9courage tout d\u2019abord les jeunes de se marier et d\u2019avoir des enfants,\n\nm\u00eame s\u2019ils sont partenaires. La pression poussant \u00e0 \u00eatre officiellement \u2018invisibles\u2019\n\npeut d\u00e9truire l\u2019unit\u00e9 familiale par la s\u00e9paration physique ou le bourbier juridique.\n\nCe cauchemar administratif peut perdurer pendant des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, entretenant\n\nle cycle de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance et de d\u00e9sespoir.\n\n**Kosala**, un jeune homme apatride au Vietnam souhaitait se marier mais \u00ab les pa\nrents de ma petite amie ont demand\u00e9 \u2018Qui es-tu ?\u2019 Je n\u2019avais pas de document, pas\n\nde carte d\u2019identit\u00e9, pas de nationalit\u00e9. Je ne pouvais m\u00eame pas obtenir un certifi\ncat de mariage de la part des autorit\u00e9s. \u00bb\n\n\n\n**D\u00c9CISIONS IMPOSSIBLES**\n\nSachant qu\u2019ils transmettraient leur apatridie \u00e0 leurs enfants, un couple apatride a\n\nexpliqu\u00e9 au HCR qu\u2019ils avaient d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas cr\u00e9er de famille parce qu\u2019ils ne pour\nraient pas assumer le fait d\u2019infliger \u00e0 leurs enfants les m\u00eames privations et le d\u00e9s\nespoir d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019apatridie. \u00ab Je suis malheureuse quand je vois d\u2019autres per\nsonnes avec des b\u00e9b\u00e9s, parce que je ne peux pas en avoir \u00bb, regrette l\u2019\u00e9pouse. \u00ab Tous\n\nles couples mari\u00e9s souhaitent avoir des enfants. \u00bb\n\nA Madagascar, **Elina** \u00e9voque aussi cet immense chagrin. \u00ab Je veux vraiment com\nmencer \u00e0 avoir des enfants. Je suis mari\u00e9e depuis assez longtemps. Mais je ne le fe\nrai pas avant d\u2019obtenir ma nationalit\u00e9. \u00bb\n\nEn Belgique, **Gabir**, un apatride originaire du Moyen-Orient, ne peut pas \u00e9pou\nser sa petite amie qui est citoyenne europ\u00e9enne parce qu\u2019il est apatride et ne pos\ns\u00e8de pas les documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires. Il ne peut m\u00eame pas reconnaitre of\nficiellement la paternit\u00e9 de leur enfant.\n\nLes probl\u00e8mes juridiques sont amplifi\u00e9s. Les apatrides sont souvent confront\u00e9s\n\n\u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes insolubles en mati\u00e8re de droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ou pour la garde des\n\nenfants apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019un conjoint ou la s\u00e9paration.\n\n**Ils risquent quotidiennement d\u2019\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9s ou d\u00e9tenus** parce qu\u2019ils ne poss\u00e8\ndent pas de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 officielle. Ils vivent dans la crainte constante d\u2019\u00eatre ex\npuls\u00e9s d\u2019un pays ou en viennent parfois \u00e0 fuir et \u00e0 rompre avec leur famille dans une\n\ntentative d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e de trouver une solution \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie de leurs enfants.\n\n**La discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le sexe est particuli\u00e8rement insidieuse** . Vingt-sept\n\npays emp\u00eachent encore aujourd\u2019hui les m\u00e8res de transmettre leur nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs\n\nenfants dans les m\u00eames conditions que les hommes. Nabila, une m\u00e8re syrienne, s\u2019in\nqui\u00e8te pour sa fille apatride qui n\u2019a pas pu acqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9 de son p\u00e8re avant\n\n\n\nle divorce de ses parents. Elle se d\u00e9sesp\u00e8re, \u00ab Bien que ma fille poss\u00e8de un bon di\npl\u00f4me de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Damas, sans citoyennet\u00e9 ni documents d\u2019identit\u00e9, elle ne\n\npeut pas accepter les nombreuses propositions d\u2019emploi et opportunit\u00e9s de voyage\n\nqu\u2019elle re\u00e7oit. Elle n\u2019a que 25 ans, mais son avenir est sombre. \u00bb\n\nLa situation dramatique des familles peut parfois conduire \u00e0 des choix terribles.\n\n**Certains couples cherchent \u00e0 divorcer**, en partie parce que c\u2019est l\u2019une des rares\n\nd\u00e9cisions qu\u2019ils maitrisent pleinement, et en partie parce que le divorce est l\u2019un des\n\nrares moyens de sortir du cycle du d\u00e9sespoir. Dans certains pays, des r\u00e8gles ar\ncha\u00efques en mati\u00e8re de nationalit\u00e9 conduisent \u00e0 ce que le divorce puisse offrir aux\n\nenfants d\u2019un p\u00e8re apatride et d\u2019une m\u00e8re ressortissante d\u2019un pays le moyen d\u2019ac\nqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9 de ce pays. Ces enfants peuvent alors obtenir une nationalit\u00e9,\n\nmais au prix d\u2019une rupture familiale.\n\nAu Maroc, **Sa\u00efda** ne pouvait pas transmettre sa propre nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses enfants\n\ncar c\u2019est une femme. Sans nationalit\u00e9, sa famille n\u2019avait pas droit au s\u00e9jour et\n\nquand les enfants ont atteint l\u2019\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9s de quitter le\n\npays tous les trois mois pour obtenir un visa et essayer de rentrer. Heureusement\n\nla loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e en 2007, ce qui a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la vie de milliers d\u2019enfants, notam\nment ceux de Sa\u00efda. Le Maroc fait partie des 12 pays qui ont r\u00e9form\u00e9 leurs lois sur\n\nla nationalit\u00e9 au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, permettant aux m\u00e8res de trans\nmettre leur nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs enfants sur un pied d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 avec les p\u00e8res\u2014une\n\n\u00e9volution positive.\n\n\n\n**d\u2019origine ha\u00eftienne ont**\n\n**\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9s de nationalit\u00e9**\n\n**\u00e0 la suite d\u2019une d\u00e9cision de**\n\n**la Cour constitutionnelle.**\n\n**Des milliers de familles se**\n\n**sont subitement retrouv\u00e9s**\n\n**apatrides. Seuls deux des**\n\n**neuf membres de la famille**\n\n**d\u2019Espinal sont encore**\n\n**l\u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s**\n\n**comme des citoyens**\n\n**dominicains.**\n\n\n**Dans 27 pays,**\n**les enfants peuvent**\n**\u00eatre apatrides parce**\n**que les femmes**\n**n\u2019ont pas les m\u00eames**\n**droits que**\n**les hommes pour**\n**transmettre la**\n**nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n\n\n_12_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _13_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n**Vie quotidienne** :\nfrustration\net humiliation\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **VIE QUOTIDIENNE**\n\n\n\n**LES** **OBSTACLES**\n# Lnir un emploi.\n\n\n\n**ALORS QU\u2019IL AVAIT**\n\n**17 ANS, UN CONTRAT**\n\n**DE 350 000 DOLLARS**\n\n**AM\u00c9RICAINS AVEC**\n\n**L\u2019\u00c9QUIPE DE BASEBALL**\n\n**DES SAN FRANCISCO**\n\n**GIANTS A \u00c9T\u00c9 PROPOS\u00c9**\n\n**\u00c0 ANGEL LOIS JOSEPH.**\n\n**L\u2019OFFRE A ENSUITE \u00c9T\u00c9**\n\n**RETIR\u00c9E PARCE QUE, BIEN**\n\n**QUE N\u00c9 EN R\u00c9PUBLIQUE**\n\n**DOMINICAINE, IL**\n\n**N\u2019AVAIT PAS LA**\n\n**CITOYENNET\u00c9 DE CE**\n\n**PAYS ET NE POSS\u00c9DAIT**\n\n**PAS DE CARTE D\u2019IDENTIT\u00c9**\n\n**OFFICIELLE.**\n\n\n\n**LES** **OBSTACLES** **QUE** **LES** **ENFANTS** **RENCONTRENT**\n\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole les poursuivent toute leur vie, rendant dif\nficile et parfois impossible pour eux de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier\n\nde soins m\u00e9dicaux, de services sociaux ou d\u2019obte\nnir un emploi.\n\n**Issa** souligne la frustration d\u2019\u00eatre une \u2018non per\nsonne\u2019 au Kenya. Il explique clairement : \u00ab Vous ne\n\npouvez pas quitter votre maison. \u00bb Technique\nment, c\u2019est un d\u00e9lit de le faire sans carte d\u2019identit\u00e9.\n\n\u00ab Alors, si vous ne pouvez pas quitter votre maison,\n\ncomment vivez-vous ? Comment cherchez-vous du\n\ntravail ? \u00bb demande-t-il. \u00ab Vous ne pouvez pas ou\nvrir de compte bancaire. Vous ne pouvez pas faire\n\ndes affaires. Vous ne pouvez rien poss\u00e9der parce\n\nque vous n\u2019existez pas. \u00bb\n\n**Railya** \u00e9tait professeure d\u2019universit\u00e9 avec de nombreuses publi\ncations en son nom, mais en tant qu\u2019apatride en France il lui \u00e9tait im\npossible de trouver un emploi ou d\u2019\u00eatre reconnue. \u00ab L\u2019air totalement\n\ninterdit des gens. Cela vous tue \u00bb, dit-elle.\n\n\n\n**N\u00e9 de parents mont\u00e9n\u00e9grins**\n\n**et enregistr\u00e9 comme Serbe,**\n\n**Nusret Hodzic est devenu du**\n\n**jour au lendemain apatride,**\n\n**\u00e0 cause d\u2019une erreur**\n\n**administrative dans ses**\n\n**pi\u00e8ces d\u2019identit\u00e9. Il est**\n\n**pourtant bien \u00e9tabli \u00e0 Bar**\n\n**au Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro, o\u00f9 il est**\n\n**propri\u00e9taire d\u2019une maison et**\n\n**travaille dans une entreprise**\n\n**de construction. Il est bien**\n\n**connu dans sa communaut\u00e9.**\n\n**Priv\u00e9 de sa nationalit\u00e9 et de**\n\n**ses pi\u00e8ces, il dit avoir**\n\n**l\u2019impression qu\u2019il vit en**\n\n**quarantaine.**\n\n\n**La premi\u00e8re cause**\n**d\u2019apatridie dans**\n**les ann\u00e9es 1990**\n**a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019effondrement**\n**de l\u2019URSS et de**\n**la Yougoslavie.**\n**Pendant la pr\u00e9sente**\n**d\u00e9cennie,**\n**la principale**\n**cause est la**\n**discrimination.**\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\nMARC\nCHAGALL\n\n_(1887-1985)_\n\nArtiste\n\n**S\u2019enfuit de l\u2019Europe**\n\n**occup\u00e9e en 1941 pour se**\n\n**rendre aux Etats-Unis**\n\n**(\u00e9tait titulaire d\u2019un**\n\n**passeport Nansen)**\n\n\n\nAu Myanmar, par exemple, les ressortissants birmans fr\u00e9quentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\n\nles h\u00f4pitaux et cliniques publics. Cependant, les r\u00e8gles gouvernementales imposent\n\naux apatrides de recourir aux cliniques priv\u00e9es\u2014qui sont beaucoup plus ch\u00e8res\u2014\n\nou de compter sur les organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif. Ce mod\u00e8le se reproduit dans\n\nd\u2019autres pays.\n\nAu Kenya, le gouvernement a distribu\u00e9 gratuitement des moustiquaires, mais\n\nseuls les foyers dot\u00e9s de cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 officielles \u00e9taient \u00e9ligibles.\n\n\u00ab Le paludisme ne touche-t-il que les Kenyans? \u00bb a demand\u00e9 un apatride frustr\u00e9.\n\nIl y a occasionnellement des avanc\u00e9es, mais rarement sans emb\u00fbches.\n\n**Sleiman** n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler parce qu\u2019il est apatride, mais il g\u00e8re n\u00e9an\nmoins un commerce florissant de fer forg\u00e9 au Liban. Son entreprise est enregistr\u00e9e\n\nau nom de sa femme, qui a la nationalit\u00e9 libanaise.\n\nSleiman est aussi un brillant pilote de rallye et pour r\u00e9compenser ses perfor\nmances sportives, un c\u00e8dre a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement plant\u00e9 en son honneur. Mais mal\ngr\u00e9 ses multiples tentatives pour obtenir la nationalit\u00e9 libanaise, il lui est impossi\nble de repr\u00e9senter le Liban lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements sportifs internationaux et il reste\n\napatride. Sa souffrance et sa frustration sont \u00e9videntes lorsqu\u2019il dit : \u00ab J\u2019ai presque\n\n50 ans et je suis fatigu\u00e9 de qu\u00e9mander. \u00bb\n\n\n\n**Un homme ramasse des**\n\n**cabosses de cacao dans une**\n\n**plantation en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.**\n\n**La nationalit\u00e9 de centaines**\n\n**de milliers de personnes en**\n\n**C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 remise**\n\n**en question, ce qui a provoqu\u00e9**\n\n**des conflits. Le gouvernement**\n\n**travaille actuellement pour**\n\n**r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes de**\n\n**nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n\n\n**INTERDICTIONS**\n\nDans les pays du monde entier, de nombreux emplois sont interdits\n\nou s\u00e9v\u00e8rement limit\u00e9s pour ceux qui n\u2019ont pas la nationalit\u00e9 du pays,\n\nnotamment les services publics, l\u2019enseignement, le droit, la m\u00e9de\ncine et l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie. Certains apatrides peuvent \u00eatre priv\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s\n\n\u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du march\u00e9 du travail.\n\nM\u00eame quand ils peuvent trouver du travail, les apatrides doivent souvent ac\ncepter des salaires largement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des ressortissants nationaux, ont peu\n\nde chance de promotion et risquent d\u2019\u00eatre cong\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 tout moment. \u00ab Mon salaire\n\nne rapporte pas plus que de l\u2019argent de poche \u00bb, d\u00e9clare **Aldulrahman**, qui vit au\n\nKowe\u00eft.\n\nDu fait de ces situations, les apatrides sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de plus grandes pres\nsions quotidiennes que les autres groupes.\n\n\n\n_14_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _15_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\n**Participation** :\nse faire entendre\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **PARTICIPATION**\n\n\n\n**L E S**\n# L\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Dans la vie politique_\n_du pays, je n\u2019ai pas de_\n_voix. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 UN** **APATRIDE**\n\nDANS LES PAYS BALTES\n\n\n\n**L E S** **A P AT R I D E S** **N E** **D \u00c9 S I R E N T** **R I E N** **D E** **P L U S** **Q U E** **D E** **F A I R E** **E N T E N D R E**\n\nleur voix\u2014\u00eatre \u00e0 leur place.\n\nMais c\u2019est souvent impossible. Ils n\u2019ont que peu de droits dans leur vie sociale ou\n\nprofessionnelle et ils sont souvent sans voix et politiquement impuissants dans les\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 la plupart d\u2019entre eux vivent depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es.\n\nDans le Sultanat de Brunei Darussalam, une femme exprime \u00e0 quel point elle se\n\nsent d\u00e9sarm\u00e9e : \u00ab M\u00eame si je donne mon opinion, je ne pense pas que cela compte. \u00bb\n\nPourtant, l\u2019\u2019attraction\u2019 pour la communaut\u00e9 locale et l\u2019Etat est forte m\u00eame\n\nparmi ces personnes exclues. Dans une s\u00e9rie d\u2019entretiens, les apatrides en Estonie\n\nont majoritairement indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019ils consid\u00e9raient ce pays comme le leur et qu\u2019ils ne\n\nd\u00e9siraient rien de plus que de participer activement \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du processus po\nlitique.\n\nFait exceptionnel parmi les populations apatrides dans le monde, les apatrides\n\nen Estonie peuvent voter aux \u00e9lections locales mais ils ne peuvent toujours pas se\n\npr\u00e9senter comme candidats, participer aux r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums nationaux et aux \u00e9lections\n\nparlementaires ou adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 un parti politique.\n\nComme l\u2019exprime avec \u00e9loquence **Railya** en France, rien n\u2019est aussi prometteur\n\nou, dans certains cas, aussi insaisissable que de se sentir chez soi. \u00ab En Russie, il existe\n\nune plante sans racines, le perakati pole (une esp\u00e8ce d\u2019amarante). Elle d\u00e9gringole.\n\nElle roule au loin avec la brise. C\u2019est \u00e7a, l\u2019apatridie. Et moi, je voudrais prendre\n\nracine. \u00bb\n\n\n**SANS VOIX**\n\nL\u2019humeur a chang\u00e9 dans quelques pays et, dans certaines situations, les apatrides\n\ncommencent \u00e0 se faire progressivement accepter dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, souvent avec l\u2019aide\n\nd\u2019apatrides et de groupes de plaidoyer locaux.\n\nDans un cas port\u00e9 par le Mouvement de R\u00e9habilitation de la Jeunesse parlant our\ndou, la Haute Cour du Bangladesh a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 en 2008 que les membres d\u2019une mi\nnorit\u00e9 parlant ourdou, apatrides depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, \u00e9taient en fait des ressor\ntissants :\n\n\u00ab En ne r\u00e9solvant pas la question de la citoyennet\u00e9 sur la base d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses erro\nn\u00e9es pendant des d\u00e9cennies, cette nation n\u2019a rien gagn\u00e9 \u2014 mais a au contraire \u00e9t\u00e9 pri\nv\u00e9e de la contribution qu\u2019ils auraient pu apporter \u00e0 la construction de la nation \u00bb,\n\na observ\u00e9 la Cour.\n\nUn mouvement populaire, les Jeunes Br\u00e9siliens Apatrides, \u00ab _Brasileirinhos Apa-_\n\n_tridas_ \u00bb, a ralli\u00e9 des expatri\u00e9s et leurs enfants pour introduire avec succ\u00e8s en 2007\n\n\n\nun amendement \u00e0 une disposition de la Constitution qui exigeait que les enfants\n\nn\u00e9s hors du Br\u00e9sil de parents br\u00e9siliens retournent vivre dans ce pays avant de pou\nvoir obtenir la nationalit\u00e9. Cette condition conduisait souvent \u00e0 ce que les enfants\n\ndeviennent apatrides. Selon les estimations, 200 000 enfants ont pu acqu\u00e9rir la na\ntionalit\u00e9 br\u00e9silienne suite \u00e0 cette r\u00e9forme.\n\nDes groupes d\u2019apatrides en Mauritanie et au Kenya ont utilis\u00e9 les m\u00e9canismes des\n\ndroits de l\u2019homme pour d\u00e9poser des plaintes au niveau international. Ailleurs, des\n\ngroupes ont eu recours \u00e0 des p\u00e9titions, \u00e0 des manifestations publiques et aux m\u00e9\ndias sociaux pour exiger une solution \u00e0 leur situation dramatique.\n\n**J.S** . est un autre exemple d\u2019un apatride qui souhaite et qui a d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment be\nsoin que sa voix soit entendue. Il est originaire du Malawi mais il est n\u00e9 et a v\u00e9cu\n\nau Zimbabwe jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 10 ans. Puis il est parti en Afrique du Sud avec sa m\u00e8re\n\nqui l\u2019a ensuite abandonn\u00e9. Il a essay\u00e9 d\u2019obtenir des documents zimbabw\u00e9ens en se\n\nrendant m\u00eame au Zimbabwe pour faire les d\u00e9marches n\u00e9cessaires, mais en vain. Il\n\nn\u2019a pas pu \u00e9pouser l\u00e9galement sa compagne parce qu\u2019il n\u2019avait pas de documents\n\net il s\u2019inqui\u00e8te que son enfant puisse \u00e9galement \u00eatre apatride et sans voix.\n\n\u00ab Mon r\u00eave est d\u2019avoir un document pour pouvoir voter. Je veux que le gouver\nnement me voit, qu\u2019il reconnaisse mon probl\u00e8me et qu\u2019il m\u2019\u00e9coute. \u00bb \u00ab En ce qui me\n\nconcerne, je suis vieux maintenant, mais je pense aux r\u00eaves de mon enfant. Je veux\n\nqu\u2019il ait un avenir. \u00bb\n\nBien qu\u2019une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019acteurs issus des Nations Unies, des ONG et des ac\nteurs locaux \u0153uvre d\u00e9j\u00e0 pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9\n\nde la campagne du HCR destin\u00e9e \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie consiste **\u00e0 encourager**\n\n**un partenariat plus fort entre le HCR, les gouvernements, les autres organisations**\n\n**internationales, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les groupes d\u2019apatrides** afin de cr\u00e9er une \u2018co\nalition mondiale\u2019 et de renforcer leur collaboration pour lutter contre l\u2019apatridie.\n\n\n\n**F\u00eate dans le village de**\n\n**Dronguine en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.**\n\n**Les enfants du village ont**\n\n**re\u00e7u des actes de naissance**\n\n**qui leur permettent d\u2019\u00eatre**\n\n**reconnus comme \u00e9tant des**\n\n**citoyens ivoiriens.**\n\n\n\n**Les apatrides**\n\ncommencent \u00e0 se faire progressivement accepter dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, souvent avec l\u2019aide n\u2019a pas pu \u00e9pouser l\u00e9galement sa compagne parce qu\u2019il n\u2019avait pas de documents\n\n**ne jouissent** d\u2019apatrides et de groupes de plaidoyer locaux. et il s\u2019inqui\u00e8te que son enfant puisse \u00e9galement \u00eatre apatride et sans voix.\n**presque jamais** Dans un cas port\u00e9 par le Mouvement de R\u00e9habilitation de la Jeunesse parlant our- \u00ab Mon r\u00eave est d\u2019avoir un document pour pouvoir voter. Je veux que le gouver**du droit de voter** dou, la Haute Cour du Bangladesh a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 en 2008 que les membres d\u2019une mi- nement me voit, qu\u2019il reconnaisse mon probl\u00e8me et qu\u2019il m\u2019\u00e9coute. \u00bb \u00ab En ce qui me **A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\nnorit\u00e9 parlant ourdou, apatrides depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, \u00e9taient en fait des ressor- concerne, je suis vieux maintenant, mais je pense aux r\u00eaves de mon enfant. Je veux\n\nMSTISLAV\n**ou d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9ligibles.** tissants : qu\u2019il ait un avenir. \u00bb ROSTROPO\n\u00ab En ne r\u00e9solvant pas la question de la citoyennet\u00e9 sur la base d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses erro- Bien qu\u2019une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019acteurs issus des Nations Unies, des ONG et des ac- VICH\nn\u00e9es pendant des d\u00e9cennies, cette nation n\u2019a rien gagn\u00e9 \u2014 mais a au contraire \u00e9t\u00e9 pri- teurs locaux \u0153uvre d\u00e9j\u00e0 pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 (1927-2007)\n\nVioloncelliste, chef\n\nv\u00e9e de la contribution qu\u2019ils auraient pu apporter \u00e0 la construction de la nation \u00bb, de la campagne du HCR destin\u00e9e \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie consiste **\u00e0 encourager** d\u2019orchestre et militant\na observ\u00e9 la Cour. **un partenariat plus fort entre le HCR, les gouvernements, les autres organisations** politique\n\n**Apatride de 1978 \u00e0 1990**\n\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\n\n_16_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _17_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n**S\u00e9curit\u00e9** : vivre sous\nune menace constante\n\n\n\nRAPPORT SPECIAL / **SECURITE**\n\n\n\n**L\u2019A PAT R I D I E**\n# L\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Ils m\u2019ont d\u00e9livr\u00e9 un_\n_permis de conduire_\n_quand j\u2019ai montr\u00e9_\n_une carte d\u2019identit\u00e9._\n_Maintenant je peux_\n_conduire un_\n_rickshaw pour_\n_gagner ma vie._\n_Mes deux filles ont_\n_\u00e9t\u00e9 admises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole_\n_primaire. Et_\n_maintenant je_\n_pr\u00e9vois de quitter_\n_notre installation. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 UN** **ANCIEN** **APATRIDE**\n\n**PARLANT** **OURDOU** AU\n\nBANGLADESH\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\nMARGARETHE\nVON TROTTA\nCin\u00e9aste\n\n**N\u00e9e apatride en 1942**\n\n**en Allemagne**\n\n\n\n**L\u2019A PAT R I D I E** **P E U T** **D \u00c9 C L E N C H E R**\n\ndes troubles intercommunautaires\n\net m\u00eame des conflits civils\u2014mais\n\nr\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie\n\npeut \u00e9galement marquer un nou\nveau d\u00e9but dans la vie.\n\nLes apatrides sont condamn\u00e9s \u00e0\n\nun cycle sans fin d\u2019emprisonne\nments r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s ou restent coinc\u00e9s\n\nchez eux pendant des ann\u00e9es. Ils\n\nont toujours peur d\u2019\u00eatre trahis,\n\nm\u00eame par des amis et des proches, que ce soit dans les pays les plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s\n\nou dans les r\u00e9gions en proie \u00e0 une instabilit\u00e9 chronique.\n\nDes centaines de milliers d\u2019apatrides vivent en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, en Afrique de\n\nl\u2019Ouest, et quand la guerre civile a \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans ce pays en 2002, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 attis\u00e9e\n\npar les conflits relatifs \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 ivoirienne.\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es \u00e0 travers le monde comprennent souvent des per\nsonnes apatrides forc\u00e9es de fuir leur situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9caire, cr\u00e9ant une pression\n\nsuppl\u00e9mentaire sur les communaut\u00e9s locales et les Etats.\n\nLes apatrides vivent souvent en \u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge constant. \u00ab J\u2019ai peur de sortir \u00bb, re\ngrette **Gabir** en Belgique. \u00ab Partout o\u00f9 je vais, j\u2019ai peur que quelqu\u2019un me demande\n\nma carte d\u2019identit\u00e9. \u00bb **Um Chadi**, la m\u00e8re de trois gar\u00e7ons apatrides au Moyen\nOrient, a d\u00fb d\u00e9livrer plusieurs fois son fils de la prison apr\u00e8s son arrestation au pe\ntit matin en allant au travail. \u00ab A 2 heures du matin. Une fois aussi \u00e0 3 heures du ma\ntin, je suis all\u00e9e le chercher au poste de police. Est-ce une vie ? Honn\u00eatement, ce\n\nn\u2019est pas une vie \u00bb.\n\nLes apatrides du Myanmar vivant au Bangladesh ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00eatr\u00e9s dans un cer\ncle vicieux d\u2019emprisonnements incessants pendant des ann\u00e9es. Lib\u00e9r\u00e9s apr\u00e8s des\n\ncondamnations initiales en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale ou d\u2019immigration, ils \u00e9taient imm\u00e9dia\ntement remis en prison parce que les autorit\u00e9s ne pouvaient pas les expulser vers\n\nle Myanmar o\u00f9 ils \u00e9taient des \u2018non personnes\u2019. Ils se sont eux-m\u00eames surnomm\u00e9s\n\n\u2018 _les prisonniers lib\u00e9r\u00e9s_ \u2019 et ils ont m\u00eame gagn\u00e9 la sympathie des autres d\u00e9tenus.\n\n\n\n**PAS DE FRONTI\u00c8RES**\n\nLes stigmates de l\u2019apatridie ne connaissent aucune fronti\u00e8re.\n\nLes apatrides sont souvent trait\u00e9s comme des migrants irr\u00e9guliers et, selon une\n\n\n\n**VOIR** **CI-** **DESSUS**\n\n**Des hommes et des femmes**\n\n**apatrides risquent souvent**\n\n**leurs vies en essayant**\n\n**d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment de r\u00e9soudre**\n\n**les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 leur**\n\n**statut.**\n\n\n**VOIR** **\u00c0** **GAUCHE**\n\n**Plus de deux d\u00e9cennies**\n\n**apr\u00e8s l\u2019effondrement de**\n\n**l\u2019URSS, les seuls pi\u00e8ces**\n\n**d\u2019identit\u00e9 que poss\u00e8dent**\n\n**de nombreux apatrides sont**\n\n**leurs anciens passeports**\n\n**sovi\u00e9tiques.**\n\n\n**Au cours des**\n**20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,**\n**l\u2019apatridie a \u00e9t\u00e9 la**\n**cause principale de**\n**conflits arm\u00e9s dans**\n**deux pays africains.**\n\n\n\n\u00e9tude de 2011, un tiers des apatrides en Grande-Bretagne d\u00e9claraient avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9\ntenus un jour ou l\u2019autre pour une p\u00e9riode allant de quelques jours \u00e0 cinq ans en ap\nplication des r\u00e8gles du pays en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration.\n\n\u00ab Une fois je n\u2019ai pas \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 entrer dans l\u2019\u00e9cole de ma fille car je ne pou\nvais pas montrer de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 \u00bb, rappelle une femme vivant au Sri Lanka qui\n\na acquis la nationalit\u00e9 depuis lors gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s importantes. \u00ab J\u2019\u00e9vitais\n\nd\u2019aller en ville pendant les p\u00e9riodes de conflit parce que, n\u2019ayant pas de carte d\u2019iden\ntit\u00e9, je craignais d\u2019\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9e par la police. \u00bb\n\nComme les apatrides sont souvent d\u00e9pourvus \u00e0 la fois de nationalit\u00e9 et des do\ncuments d\u2019identit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires, **ils sont sujets \u00e0 l\u2019arrestation, \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention, \u00e0 l\u2019ex-**\n\n**pulsion forc\u00e9e, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9loignement et m\u00eame \u00e0 la traite** . Une femme apatride en\n\nTha\u00eflande se souvient, \u00ab Des hommes d\u2019affaires sont venus chercher des jeunes filles.\n\nCes hommes se livraient \u00e0 la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains. J\u2019ai vu des filles apatrides par\ntir travailler comme prostitu\u00e9es. \u00bb\n\n**L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 est insidieuse**, toujours pr\u00e9sente et envahissant m\u00eame la plus intime\n\ndes relations. Souvent, les personnes sans documents ne peuvent rien poss\u00e9der.\n\n\u00ab J\u2019ai enregistr\u00e9 ma voiture au nom de mon beau-fr\u00e8re \u00bb, explique un homme dans\n\nle Golfe. \u00ab Je l\u2019aime bien. Je pense que c\u2019est un bon gars. Mais je n\u2019arr\u00eate pas de de\nmander \u00e0 ma s\u0153ur de lui dire de bonnes choses sur moi. Je ne veux pas qu\u2019il soit\n\nm\u00e9content. Je pourrais me retrouver sans rien. \u00bb\n\nLes rouages de la justice fonctionnent pour certains. En Tha\u00eflande, les d\u00e9sh\u00e9ri\nt\u00e9s se tournent souvent vers les chefs communautaires pour obtenir de l\u2019aide. Et une\n\ns\u00e9rie de plaintes r\u00e9centes devant les Cours r\u00e9gionales europ\u00e9enne, africaine et in\nteram\u00e9ricaine ont abouti \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats positifs en mati\u00e8re de droits de l\u2019homme\n\net d\u2019apatridie.\n\n\n\n_18_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _19_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\nChercher\n**des solutions**\n\n\n\n**L E** **P R O B L \u00c8 M E**\n# L\n\n\n\net prot\u00e8gent les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et les apatrides dans le monde, plus de 20 autres sp\u00e9\ncialistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur tous les continents pour coop\u00e9rer avec les gouver\nnements et d\u2019autres organisations pertinentes afin de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie.\n\nLa campagne destin\u00e9e \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie vise \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre compl\u00e8tement\n\nles situations d\u2019apatridie existantes et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les nouveaux cas d\u2019apatridie sur\n\nles 10 prochaines ann\u00e9es.\n\nConvaincre et soutenir les Etats pour qu\u2019ils prennent plusieurs mesures cl\u00e9s pour\nraient rompre le cercle vicieux de l\u2019apatridie qui affecte des millions de personnes\n\ndans le monde entier. Ces mesures sont notamment les suivantes :\n\n\n**Veiller** \u00e0 ce que toute naissance soit enregistr\u00e9e, permettant ainsi\n\uf0be\nd\u2019\u00e9tablir une preuve juridique de la parent\u00e9 et du lieu de naissance\u2014\n\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve essentiels pour \u00e9tablir la nationalit\u00e9.\n\n**Veiller** \u00e0 ce que tous les enfants se voient accorder une nationalit\u00e9 s\u2019ils\n\uf0be\nrisquent sinon d\u2019\u00eatre apatrides, par exemple si leurs propres parents sont\n\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 apatrides.\n\n\n\n**Apr\u00e8s avoir travaill\u00e9 sans**\n\n**rel\u00e2che pour devenir**\n\n**citoyenne tha\u00eflandaise,**\n\n**Srinuan a fini par acqu\u00e9rir la**\n\n**nationalit\u00e9. Elle a alors mis**\n\n**sur pied une organisation**\n\n**pour aider d\u2019autres**\n\n**apatrides \u00e0 \u00eatre reconnus**\n\n**comme citoyens tha\u00eflandais.**\n\n\n**Il est possible**\n**de r\u00e9soudre**\n**le probl\u00e8me de**\n**l\u2019apatridie :**\n**depuis 2003, plus**\n**de 4 millions**\n**d\u2019apatrides \u00e0 travers**\n**le monde ont acquis**\n**la nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n\n\n_\u00ab Apr\u00e8s avoir v\u00e9cu_\n_pendant des ann\u00e9es_\n_dans un vide_\n_juridique, j\u2019ai enfin_\n_l\u2019impression_\n_d\u2019appartenir \u00e0 un_\n_pays\u2026 Mon pays,_\n_mon peuple. J\u2019ai_\n_r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 ma_\n_nationalit\u00e9 et nous_\n_nous sentons de_\n_nouveau partie_\n_int\u00e9grante de cette_\n_grande nation. \u00bb_\n\n**\u2013 SHEIK** **AL-NUMANI**\n\nD\u2019IRAK\n\n\n**A PAT R I D E S AC C O M P L I S**\n\n\nANNA\nPAVLOVA\n\n_(1881-1931)_\n\nBallerine \u00e9toile\n\n**Devenue apatride en 1921**\n\n\n\n**L E** **P R O B L \u00c8 M E** **D E** **L A** **M A R G I N A L I S AT I O N** **P E R S I S T E** **D E P U I S** **D E S** **S I \u00c8 C L E S .**\n\nLes 10 millions d\u2019apatrides dans le monde connaissent une existence marginalis\u00e9e,\n\ninvisible. Leur vie a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue ou d\u00e9truite, avec des cons\u00e9quences sociales,\n\n\u00e9conomiques ou politiques incalculables.\n\nLe cauchemar continue aujourd\u2019hui\u2014la femme qui se lamente, d\u00e9clarant qu\u2019\u00ab il\n\nvaut mieux ne pas exister que d\u2019\u00eatre sans papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 \u00bb ; le jeune en R\u00e9pu\nblique dominicaine priv\u00e9 d\u2019une possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 et d\u2019une bril\nlante carri\u00e8re comme joueur de baseball ; et la femme \u00e0 Madagascar qui refuse de\n\ncr\u00e9er une famille avant d\u2019obtenir la citoyennet\u00e9.\n\nMais il existe aussi des signes d\u2019espoir individuels et nationaux : la femme tha\u00efe\n\nqui, ayant obtenu sa propre nationalit\u00e9, aide d\u2019autres apatrides \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir la leur ;\n\nl\u2019homme ivoirien aujourd\u2019hui activement impliqu\u00e9 dans la politique locale ; la re\nconnaissance, par la Haute Cour du Bangladesh, de la citoyennet\u00e9 de la minorit\u00e9 par\nlant ourdou ; et l\u2019octroi de la nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 60 000 personnes au Kirghizstan.\n\n**La campagne du HCR destin\u00e9e \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019apatridie en 10 ans** va exploiter\n\ncette chance unique de recueillir un soutien public, national et international afin\n\nd\u2019\u00e9radiquer enfin le fl\u00e9au de l\u2019apatridie en une d\u00e9cennie.\n\nL\u2019apatridie, cr\u00e9\u00e9e \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire, peut continuer \u00e0 affecter des\n\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rations de personnes et, \u00e0 moins que des mesures soient prises, ces populations\n\npriv\u00e9es de leurs droits vont continuer de grossir. L\u2019apatridie peut cependant \u00e9ga\nlement \u00eatre r\u00e9solue \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9.\n\n**La volont\u00e9 politique est le facteur cl\u00e9 pour trouver une solution** ; puis des r\u00e9\nformes relativement simples et peu co\u00fbteuses peuvent avoir un impact imm\u00e9diat\n\net permanent.\n\nAu cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le HCR a quintupl\u00e9 son budget op\u00e9ration\nnel pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019apatridie. En outre, un m\u00e9canisme sp\u00e9cial cr\u00e9\u00e9\n\npar le Haut Commissaire Guterres accordera des fonds suppl\u00e9mentaires pour des\n\nprojets particuli\u00e8rement prometteurs et importants. Le Comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif du Pro\ngramme du Haut Commissaire a approuv\u00e9 un budget de 68 millions de dollars am\u00e9\nricains pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2015.\n\nEn plus du r\u00e9seau mondial de travailleurs humanitaires de l\u2019agence qui assistent\n\n\n\n_20_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E L \u2019A P A T R I D I E _21_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00ab ...une forme de ch\u00e2timent plus primitive que la torture \u00bb\n\n\n**UNE C AM PAG NE P O UR METTRE F IN \u00c0 L\u2019APATRIDIE EN 10 ANS**\n\n\nChercher\n**des solutions**\n\n\n**Bien qu\u2019il ait v\u00e9cu avec une**\n\n**femme ukrainienne depuis**\n\n**plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie, cet**\n\n**apatride d\u2019origine cor\u00e9enne**\n\n**qui a d\u00e9m\u00e9nag\u00e9 de**\n\n**l\u2019Ouzb\u00e9kistan \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine en**\n\n**1993 n\u2019a pas pu enregistrer**\n\n**leur union civile.**\n\n\n\n**Depuis 2004, 12 pays**\n**ont modifi\u00e9 leurs**\n**lois pour permettre**\n**aux femmes de**\n**transmettre leur**\n**nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs**\n**enfants.**\n\n\n**LA** **PAGE** **CI-** **CONTRE**\n\n**Higna est Dominicaine**\n\n**d\u2019origine ha\u00eftienne dont la**\n\n**nationalit\u00e9 dominicaine a \u00e9t\u00e9**\n\n**retir\u00e9e, ce qui l\u2019a rendue**\n\n**apatride. El\u00e8ve d\u2019un niveau**\n\n**extraordinaire, Higna a**\n\n**b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une bourse**\n\n**d\u2019\u00e9tudes \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 \u00e0**\n\n**l\u2019\u00e2ge de 16 ans seulement.**\n\n**Ne pouvant pas acqu\u00e9rir son**\n\n**\u00ab cedula\u00bb, carte nationale**\n\n**d\u2019identit\u00e9 dominicaine,**\n\n**elle ne peut ni entrer \u00e0**\n\n**l\u2019universit\u00e9 ni postuler \u00e0 un**\n\n**emploi. Refusant de se**\n\n**d\u00e9courager, elle suit des**\n\n**cours d\u2019anglais et d\u2019autres**\n\n**cours, et poursuit son combat**\n\n**pour retrouver sa nationalit\u00e9.**\n\n\n\n**Supprimer** la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le sexe dans les lois sur la na\uf0be\ntionalit\u00e9 afin que les femmes puissent transmettre leur nationalit\u00e9 \u00e0\n\nleurs enfants dans les m\u00eames conditions que les hommes. Lorsque les\n\np\u00e8res sont apatrides ou ne peuvent pas ou ne veulent pas prendre des\n\nmesures pour transmettre leur nationalit\u00e9, la parit\u00e9 entre les sexes en\n\nmati\u00e8re de nationalit\u00e9 pourrait emp\u00eacher que des milliers d\u2019enfants de\nviennent apatrides.\n\n**R\u00e9soudre** les situations actuelles d\u2019apatridie en modifiant la l\u00e9gislation\n\uf0be\nou la politique gouvernementale, ce qui constitue dans la plupart des\n\ncas la m\u00e9thode la plus simple et la moins ch\u00e8re pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 l\u2019apa\ntridie.\n\n**Eliminer** la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la race, l\u2019appartenance ethnique,\n\uf0be\nla religion, le sexe ou le handicap qui est parfois inscrite dans la loi et\n\nqui affecte des centaines de milliers de groupes minoritaires dans le\n\nmonde entier.\n\nD\u2019autres mesures seront pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es lors des discussions avec les gouvernements\n\net les organisations internationales et r\u00e9gionales pertinentes et dans le cadre de\n\nconf\u00e9rences publiques et acad\u00e9miques, comme garantir une nationalit\u00e9 aux per\nsonnes affect\u00e9es par la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un nouvel Etat ou le transfert de territoires entre\n\nEtats ; encourager tous les pays \u00e0 adh\u00e9rer aux deux Conventions sur l\u2019apatridie des\n\nNations Unies ; veiller \u00e0 ce que tous les migrants apatrides acqui\u00e8rent un statut l\u00e9\ngal et une nationalit\u00e9 moyennant des proc\u00e9dures gouvernementales ; et recueillir\n\ndes donn\u00e9es plus compl\u00e8tes sur les apatrides et sur les causes de leur apatridie.\n\n\u00ab **Il ne sera pas facile de mettre fin \u00e0 des d\u00e9cennies d\u2019injustice sociale enraci-**\n\n**n\u00e9e dans la vie quotidienne, mais c\u2019est tout simplement ce qu\u2019il faut faire** \u00bb, af\nfirm\u00e9 le Haut Commissaire Guterres. \u00ab Les apatrides ont presque toujours des\n\nliens forts avec un pays ou un autre. Avec de la volont\u00e9 politique et nos efforts\n\nconjugu\u00e9s, ces liens entre des personnes et des Etats peuvent \u00eatre reconnus. Des\n\nmillions de personnes finiront par avoir une patrie \u00e0 elles et pourront enfin jouir des\n\nm\u00eames opportunit\u00e9s que le reste d\u2019entre nous. \u00bb\n\n\n\n_22_ L \u2019A P A T R I D I E\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3127e6b1-eb1a-3928-9f98-8d45ea4f4570/Stateless-Report_fr_final3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_645/raw/doc_645_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_645/raw/doc_645_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f14af80af2775787372dfcbe0f149575f6fd3a7a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_645/raw/doc_645_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "STRAT\u00c9GIE DE R\u00c9PONSE GSAT\n\n\nHistorique et contexte\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire au Burkina Faso s\u2019est fortement d\u00e9grad\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es d\u00e9clenchant une crise de d\u00e9placement\nmassive dans diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions du pays, notamment le Centre Nord, le Sahel, le Nord, l\u2019Est et la Boucle du Mouhoun, avec 978,744\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) en date du 9 juillet 2020 r\u00e9parties \u00e0 travers 232 communes d\u2019accueil (Source CONASUR). Le\nMinist\u00e8re de la Femme, de la Solidarit\u00e9 Nationale, de la Famille et de l\u2019Action Humanitaire, \u00e0 travers son Conseil National de Secours\nd\u2019Urgence et de R\u00e9habilitation (CONASUR), a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le Gouvernement du Burkina Faso pour coordonner la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire aux PDI et les acteurs humanitaires se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s pour renforcer l\u2019assistance apport\u00e9e aux PDI, mais les\nbesoins humanitaires et de protection restent tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s, avec une grande majorit\u00e9 des PDI vivant dans des sites d\u2019accueil\ntemporaires, des logements de fortune, des centres collectifs ainsi que des familles d\u2019accueil, soit 22% en famille d\u2019accueil selon les\nderniers chiffres de CONSAUR. La r\u00e9ponse reste consid\u00e9rablement entrav\u00e9e par le contexte de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 instable, la r\u00e9duction de\nl'espace de protection, l\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile au logement et \u00e0 la terre ainsi que l'acc\u00e8s de plus en plus difficile aux populations touch\u00e9es.\n\nDans sa strat\u00e9gie diss\u00e9min\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2018 sur la prise en charge des PDI, le CONASUR a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 sa volont\u00e9 de servir\nd\u2019interface entre les acteurs humanitaires et les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes vivant dans les sites d\u2019accueil temporaires ou dans\ndes familles d\u2019accueil. Le CONASUR a effectivement su assurer avec l\u2019appui de l\u2019UNHCR et \u00e0 travers notamment ses d\u00e9membrements\nr\u00e9activ\u00e9s, l\u2019enregistrement et le profilage des PDI et des familles qui les accueillent ainsi que le partage des donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s aux acteurs de r\u00e9ponse dans les principales r\u00e9gions de d\u00e9placement. Cependant, la situation s\u2019est largement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e\navec des d\u00e9placements secondaires mais \u00e9galement des d\u00e9placements internes d\u2019une r\u00e9gion \u00e0 une autre. Ces nouvelles\ncaract\u00e9ristiques, coupl\u00e9es \u00e0 la multiplicit\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires et \u00e0 une capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse encore faible, n\u00e9cessitent une\napproche zonale ( _area-based_ ) int\u00e9grale pour la gestion et la coordination de l\u2019assistance apport\u00e9e aux PDI dans les sites/centres\ncollectifs ainsi que les familles d\u2019accueil. A tout ceci s\u2019ajoute l\u2019absence de coordination de la r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle dans les sites\nd\u2019accueil temporaires et \u00e9tablissements similaires.\n\n**Contexte op\u00e9rationnel GSAT :**\n\n - Chocs humanitaires :\n\n`o` Ouverture des sites d\u2019accueil temporaire en 2019\nAfin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins urgents des PDI, le Gouvernement du Burkina Faso \u00e0 travers le Conseil National de Secours d\u2019Urgence\net de R\u00e9habilitation (CONASUR) a mis en place, \u00e0 la suite des violences communautaires de Yirgou, des sites d\u2019accueil temporaires\npour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s n\u2019\u00e9tant pas dans des familles d\u2019accueil. Les sites de Barsalogho, Foub\u00e9, Kelbo et Arbinda ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place en\nvue de fournir assistance et protection aux PDI. D\u2019autres sites d\u2019accueil temporaires comme ceux de Gorgadji, Pissila, Pensa, Dablo\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi am\u00e9nag\u00e9s.\n\n`o` Nouveaux d\u00e9placements\nPlusieurs communaut\u00e9s, notamment Kaya, Kongoussi, Dori, Ouahigouya, ont connu une augmentation de sites d\u2019accueil temporaires.\nC\u2019est aussi le cas de plusieurs familles d\u2019accueil et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes h\u00e9bergeant chez elles ou sur leurs terres une quantit\u00e9\nexcessive de PDI, avec d\u00e9j\u00e0 un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 ou inexistant \u00e0 des installations WASH et/ou \u00e0 d\u2019autres services de base qui n\u00e9cessiteraient\n\u00e9galement des activit\u00e9s de coordination et de gouvernance similaires \u00e0 celles pour les PDI vivant dans les sites d\u2019accueil temporaires.\n\n`o` Nouvelles zones de d\u00e9placements\nDepuis quelque temps d\u00e9j\u00e0, les zones de Foub\u00e9, Barsalogho et les villages environnant de Pissila dans la r\u00e9gion du Centre-Nord,\ndans la commune de Thiou dans la province du Loroum, P\u00e9tagouli dans la province de l\u2019Oudalan, la commune de Yamba et les\nvillages de Nagr\u00e9, de Natiaboani, de Tawalbougou et de Matiacoali dans la commune de Fada dans la r\u00e9gion de L\u2019est, voient leur\nsituation s\u00e9curitaire se d\u00e9grader, \u00e0 la faveur des attaques et rumeurs d\u2019attaques par les groupes arm\u00e9s dans ces localit\u00e9s\nentra\u00eenant des mouvements de population.\n\n**R\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s :**\n\n - Du gouvernement :\nL\u2019Etat burkinab\u00e9 est l\u2019administrateur des sites sur son territoire. Il est, \u00ab conform\u00e9ment aux obligations et responsabilit\u00e9s des\norganismes souverains, charg\u00e9 de fournir protection et assistance humanitaire aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ressortissants [\u2026] \u2013 y compris\nceux vivant dans des sites ou des installations du m\u00eame type. A ce titre, il d\u00e9finit la politique et la vision en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9ation et\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "fermeture des sites conform\u00e9ment aux principes de protection, et les acteurs humanitaires se sont engag\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Etat \u00e0\ns\u2019acquitter de sa t\u00e2che. [1]\n\n\n - Du groupe de travail GSAT :\nLe GT GSAT avec l\u2019appui des partenaires et autres acteurs est responsable de la r\u00e9daction de la strat\u00e9gie de gestion des sites d\u2019accueil\ntemporaire. Le GT GSAT doit \u00e9galement fournir les outils et la documentation n\u00e9cessaire demand\u00e9s par les partenaires, les SOPs, les\nplans d\u2019action ainsi qu\u2019un guide des \u00ab meilleures pratiques \u00bb.\nLe GT GSAT avec l\u2019appui des partenaires et autres acteurs est responsable des plaidoyers et des concertations \u00e0 tous les niveaux\n(National, des autorit\u00e9s locales, les PDI et les populations d\u2019accueil) pour l\u2019obtention des espaces, afin d\u2019\u00e9tablir des sites d\u2019accueil\ntemporaires pour la d\u00e9congestion / la relocalisation des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\nLe GT GSAT est \u00e9galement responsable du renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des acteurs en s\u2019assurant que ce renforcement de capacit\u00e9s\nest \u00e9galement assur\u00e9 dans les sites aupr\u00e8s des diff\u00e9rents comit\u00e9s directeurs et sectoriels, des repr\u00e9sentants de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des\nautorit\u00e9s locales et des leaders communautaires et religieux.\nLe GT GSAT s\u2019assure de la mise en \u0153uvre du plan de protection transversale par les acteurs humanitaires et leurs partenaires.\nLe suivi des activit\u00e9s en sites et hors sites et de la coordination des activit\u00e9s et intervention sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par le GT. Une matrice 4W\nest soumise aux acteurs \u00e0 ces fins. Bas\u00e9 sur les informations transmises par les partenaires, et afin d\u2019assurer une r\u00e9ponse plus\nefficace, holistique et rapide, le plaidoyer est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des diff\u00e9rents clusters et acteurs humanitaires.\nLe GT GSAT s\u2019assure de la coordination avec le NEXUS pour assurer la liaison entre l\u2019urgence et les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement dans les\nsites d\u2019accueil temporaires, les sites spontan\u00e9s, les centres collectifs etc.\n\n\n - Des acteurs du GT GSAT :\nLes acteurs, en sites comme en dehors des sites, sont responsables de la gestion et de la formation de leurs \u00e9quipes et partenaires\nd\u2019impl\u00e9mentation. Ils s\u2019assurent que les standards et principes humanitaires ainsi que les directives op\u00e9rationnelles sont respect\u00e9es\net mises en \u0153uvre. Conform\u00e9ment aux obligations incombant aux gestionnaires de sites, nomm\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rentes directions\nr\u00e9gionales sous instruction du Ministre de la Femme, de la Solidarit\u00e9 nationale, de la Famille et de l\u2019Action humanitaire, le contr\u00f4le\ndes services et de leur qualit\u00e9 est assur\u00e9 ainsi que la coordination des interventions sur les sites. Les gestionnaires mettent en place\ndes m\u00e9canismes de participation, de consultation et d\u2019autonomisation des communaut\u00e9s et sont responsables de l\u2019entretien et de\nla maintenance des infrastructures des sites. Les informations et donn\u00e9es multisectorielles et relatives au profilage sont collect\u00e9es,\ng\u00e9r\u00e9es et partag\u00e9es avec les clusters et les acteurs humanitaires.\n\n\nObjectifs\n\n\n**Objectifs :**\n\n - Objectif strat\u00e9gique global : assurer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 l'assistance, \u00e0 la protection et aux services pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du pays (PDI) vivant dans les sites d\u2019accueil temporaires et en dehors des sites, am\u00e9liorer leur qualit\u00e9\nde vie et leur dignit\u00e9 pendant le d\u00e9placement tout en recherchant et faisant le plaidoyer pour des solutions durables.\n\n`o` Objectif sp\u00e9cifique 1 : Assurer la collecte et l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es afin d\u2019orienter et permettre des interventions\nintersectorielles coordonn\u00e9es et pour combler les lacunes identifi\u00e9es en fonction des besoins et priorit\u00e9s ;\n\n`o` Objectif sp\u00e9cifique 2 : Identifier et permettre un environnement de protection et d\u2019assistance aux personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, et plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des personnes affect\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements ;\n\n`o` Objectif sp\u00e9cifique 3 : Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des acteurs responsables de la gestion et de la coordination des sites\nd\u2019accueil temporaires afin d\u2019assurer le suivi des activit\u00e9s d\u2019urgence ;\n\n`o` Objectif sp\u00e9cifique 4 : Promouvoir la participation et l\u2019engagement communautaires, faciliter le rel\u00e8vement rapide\net l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux solutions durables ainsi que de reconnaitre et assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de protection\net d'assistance des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les sites d\u2019accueil temporaires, centres collectifs et \u00e9tablissements\nsimilaires.\n\n\n1 Toolkit de la gestion des camps, p.22\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Justifications et descriptions du plan de r\u00e9ponse GT GSAT :**\n\nIl existe actuellement des centaines de sites dans les r\u00e9gions du Nord, du Centre Nord, du Centre Ouest, des Hauts-Bassins,\ndu Centre-Est, des Cascades, du Sahel, de la Boucle du Mouhoun et de l\u2019Est [2] sans aucune gestion et coordination. Compte tenu des\nenjeux sp\u00e9cifiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 un d\u00e9placement en site ou hors site, en termes de protection, de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et d\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux services, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mettre en place des activit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des sites est primordiale.\n\nAussi, pour le reste de 2020, le GT GSAT effectuera un plaidoyer continu afin de pouvoir d\u00e9ployer des gestionnaires ou des\n\u00e9quipes mobiles de gestion dans les divers foyers de populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Dans les zones o\u00f9 cela est possible, des \u00e9quipes mobiles\npourront \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pour renforcer l\u2019autonomisation et l\u2019autogestion de ces sites afin de couvrir de plus larges zones\nd\u2019intervention.\n\nLes activit\u00e9s dans les sites pourront consister, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, en des \u00e9valuations de mise \u00e0 jour du statut des sites et de\nfaisabilit\u00e9 de mise en \u0153uvre de solutions durables. Dans certaines zones, des \u00e9valuations doivent \u00eatre men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des\npopulations du site, des populations h\u00f4tes et sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base afin de d\u00e9terminer la faisabilit\u00e9 de la mise en\n\u0153uvre d\u2019une solution durable.\n\n\n**Objectifs particuliers :**\nPour le reste de 2020, les activit\u00e9s mises en \u0153uvre par les partenaires du GT GSAT permettront un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable et une assistance\nbas\u00e9e sur les besoins garantissant une qualit\u00e9 de services aux populations affect\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements en assurant le suivi des\nmouvements de population et de profilage dans les sites et \u00e9tablissements similaires ainsi qu\u2019en assurant le partage efficient des\ninformations.\nLes partenaires s\u2019assureront d\u2019une remont\u00e9e efficiente d\u2019information afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019engagement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des populations\nvuln\u00e9rables avec pour priorit\u00e9 d\u2019adresser les lacunes et construire la r\u00e9silience. L\u2019appropriation locale et l\u2019autonomisation des\npopulations locales dans la gestion des sites seront renforc\u00e9es \u00e0 travers une participation des communaut\u00e9s pertinentes et\nsignificatives. Une mise \u00e0 jour de la classification des sites compte tenu de l\u2019\u00e9volution des mouvements de populations sera\n\u00e9galement r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. Le GT GSAT veillera \u00e0 ce que des services soient \u00e9tendus aux nouveaux PDI et aux populations n\u2019ayant jamais\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019assistance et renforcera le plaidoyer pour assurer une meilleure prise en compte de la protection transversale.\n\n\nStrat\u00e9gie d'intervention et les priorit\u00e9s op\u00e9rationnelles\n\n\n**Standards \u00e0 respecter :**\nQuelques principes et standards principaux \u00e0 respecter (liste non exhaustive) dans le cadre des activit\u00e9s relevant du GT GSAT sont\nles suivants :\n\n - La charte humanitaire et les standards minimums de l'intervention humanitaire, Projet SPHERE\n\n - Principes de protection et de protection transversale\n\n - Strat\u00e9gie GT GSAT\n\n**Phases d\u2019intervention :**\n\nA toutes les phases d\u2019intervention, les activit\u00e9s de profilage des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et de suivi des services, de leur qualit\u00e9\net des gaps observ\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre. Dans les sites, les m\u00e9canismes de coordination et de gestion des plaintes, de\nredevabilit\u00e9 et d\u2019engagement communautaire doivent \u00eatre mis en place. Ces activit\u00e9s devront permettre une r\u00e9ponse humanitaire\nmultisectorielle efficace et rapide et assureront la redevabilit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nLe GT GSAT tiendra aussi compte des lieux de regroupement qui n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnus comme sites spontan\u00e9s dans\nle cadre des activit\u00e9s afin qu\u2019une r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle et efficace puisse y \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e par les diff\u00e9rents acteurs humanitaires,\nde fa\u00e7on \u00e0 renforcer la protection et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de ces populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. En effet, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents dans des lieux\nde regroupement font face \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de protection similaires \u00e0 ceux qui existent dans les sites et peuvent avoir des difficult\u00e9s\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base.\n\n\nDans les nouvelles zones de d\u00e9placement, le renforcement des activit\u00e9s est primordial. Ainsi, il est n\u00e9cessaire que le suivi\ndes mouvements de population puisse couvrir l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des sites et les pr\u00e9fectures, communes, villages ou secteurs du pays \u00e0\n\n\n2\nLes r\u00e9gions du Centre-Nord, du Nord et du Sahel abritant le plus de sites. Actuellement, 105 sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s au Centre-Nord, 65 dans le\nSahel et 53 dans le Nord.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "forts d\u00e9placements mais aussi les pr\u00e9fectures, communes, villages ou secteurs \u00e0 fort potentiel de d\u00e9placements et pour lesquels le\npeu d\u2019informations disponibles est \u00e0 d\u00e9plorer pour l\u2019instant (les zones o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curitaire ou logistique freine la collecte\nsyst\u00e9matique des donn\u00e9es).\n\nLe GT GSAT soutiendra les \u00e9valuations de faisabilit\u00e9 de mise en \u0153uvre de solutions durables (pour le retour, l\u2019int\u00e9gration\nlocale ou la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration) dans le respect des normes humanitaires et internationales en vigueur. Lorsque les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\nen sites manifesteront leur volont\u00e9 de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une mesure de solutions durables, les gestionnaires de site en informeront le GT\nGSAT pour en r\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux acteurs humanitaires comp\u00e9tents et int\u00e9ress\u00e9s.\n\nLes partenaires du GT GSAT interviendront en collaboration avec les diff\u00e9rents acteurs. Ainsi, les gestionnaires de site\ncollaboreront avec les diff\u00e9rents acteurs humanitaires notamment, en partageant les listes de personnes pr\u00e9sentes sur les sites, les\nlacunes en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle et les besoins en termes de protection. Ce partage d\u2019information doit \u00e9galement\navoir lieu avec les partenaires intervenant pour le suivi des mouvements de population ou pour des \u00e9valuations multisectorielles\ndans les m\u00eames zones.\n\n**Solutions et m\u00e9thodes de mise en \u0153uvre**\n\nMatrice d\u2019options strat\u00e9giques :\nLa matrice d\u2019options strat\u00e9giques, reprend les objectifs d\u2019intervention et les activit\u00e9s par types de sites (sites am\u00e9nag\u00e9s, sites\nspontan\u00e9s, lieux de regroupement temporaires et familles d\u2019accueil). Au Burkina Faso, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des sites sont des sites\nd\u2019accueil temporaire reconnus comme tels par le CONASUR. Toutefois, plusieurs lieux de regroupement qui n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 pris\nen compte comme tels, le seront pour le reste de 2020, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sente strat\u00e9gie.\n\nApproches GT GSAT :\nEn termes d\u2019activit\u00e9s, plusieurs options existent et d\u00e9pendent du contexte du site :\n\n - Gestion dite \u00ab traditionnelle \u00bb : un gestionnaire est pr\u00e9sent de mani\u00e8re permanente ou quasi-permanente sur le site. Cela\ns\u2019applique principalement aux sites les plus grands et les plus vuln\u00e9rables, ainsi qu\u2019aux nouveaux sites peu viables.\n\n - Gestion all\u00e9g\u00e9e : des \u00e9quipes mobiles se rendent p\u00e9riodiquement, de mani\u00e8re plus ou moins espac\u00e9e sur le site. Les\nactivit\u00e9s de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et des m\u00e9canismes de coordination sont accentu\u00e9es et permettent la mise en place\nd\u2019une gouvernance ad\u00e9quate. Cela concerne les sites les plus petits et les plus isol\u00e9s ou \u00e9parpill\u00e9s.\n\n - Gestion \u00e0 distance : il s\u2019agit de suivre \u00e0 distance la situation des sites par le biais de comit\u00e9s ou relais communautaires. Ce\ntype de gestion est mis en place pour les sites inaccessibles de mani\u00e8re permanente ou temporairement pendant un choc\nhumanitaire.\n\nActivit\u00e9s de gestion :\n_En bref, les activit\u00e9s en sites sont les suivantes :_\n\n\u2713 Mise en place des m\u00e9canismes de coordination : comit\u00e9s en charge du suivi des prestations de services sur les sites et de\nleur qualit\u00e9 et gaps adress\u00e9s ;\n\n\u2713 Enregistrement/profilage des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par sexe et \u00e2ge) sur les sites et partage des donn\u00e9es ;\n\u2713 Mise en place d'un m\u00e9canisme de plainte dans les sites ;\n\u2713 Organisation de formations pour les acteurs en sites incluant la protection et la protection transversale.\n\n_En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les activit\u00e9s hors sites sont les suivantes :_\n\n\u2713 Organisation de formations pour les acteurs effectuant le profilage ou suivi de mouvements de population hors sites ;\n\u2713 Profilage des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s hors sites, suivi des mouvements de population et \u00e9valuation des besoins multisectoriels ;\n\nActivit\u00e9s du GT GSAT :\nCompte tenu des gaps identifi\u00e9s, le GT GSAT reverra les lignes directrices et les proc\u00e9dures op\u00e9rationnelles standards en tenant\ncompte des sujets transversaux ainsi que les termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du groupe de travail GSAT. Le GT organisera des formations afin\nde renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des acteurs ainsi qu\u2019un suivi r\u00e9gulier des activit\u00e9s au travers de la matrice 4W et des r\u00e9unions de\ncoordination et un renforcement des outils disponibles pour le suivi au niveau des partenaires et des clusters nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux.\nUne cartographie des activit\u00e9s et des partenaires sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. Le GT s\u2019assurera que les informations sont partag\u00e9es par les\ngestionnaires et de les partager avec l\u2019ensemble des acteurs humanitaires et autres clusters.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Synergies inter clusters :\nLe GT travaille en synergie avec l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des clusters pr\u00e9sents au Burkina Faso, mais plus sp\u00e9cifiquement avec les clusters\nprotection, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, WASH, Abri/AME, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les sous-clusters logement, terres et biens, violences bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre et protection de l\u2019enfance.\n\nConsid\u00e9rations transversales :\nLa protection transversale ainsi que d\u2019autres consid\u00e9rations telles que le genre, \u00e2ge, diversit\u00e9/vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et sant\u00e9 mentale, sont\nprises en compte par le GT.\n\n\nGestion, Coordination et parties prenantes\n\n\nM\u00e9canismes de coordination :\nLes partenaires du GT GSAT participent \u00e0 la r\u00e9union de coordination organis\u00e9e par le coordonnateur et/ou le co-facilitateur et\npartagent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les donn\u00e9es et informations pertinentes sur les activit\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9es ou en cours. Ils partagent \u00e9galement les\nalertes, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, le plus rapidement possible.\nLe GT GSAT participe \u00e0 l\u2019 _Inter-Cluster Coordination Group_ de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Afin de renforcer la qualit\u00e9, la rapidit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficience\nde la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire, le GT travaille en synergie avec notamment, les clusters protection, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, WASH, Abri/AME\net s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.\n\nParties prenantes :\nLes participants au GT sont toutes les ONG, clusters et agences des Nations Unies int\u00e9ress\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion de site ou intervenant dans\nun ou plusieurs sites. Les clusters r\u00e9gionaux, membres du cluster national, partagent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les informations avec le GT.\n\n\nSensibilisation et communication\n\n\nSyst\u00e8me de production et partage des rapports :\n\nLes partenaires font des \u00e9valuations sectorielles et multisectorielles des besoins dans les sites et hors des sites dont les r\u00e9sultats\nsont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement partag\u00e9s avec les clusters ainsi que les acteurs humanitaires. Les gestionnaires de site et acteurs de suivi des\nmouvements de populations partagent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les donn\u00e9es relatives au profilage, d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par \u00e2ge, sexe et genre le cas\n\u00e9ch\u00e9ant.\n\nLes membres du GT GSAT participent aux \u00e9valuations des besoins lors de missions ponctuelles dans une zone donn\u00e9e, en\nfonction de la situation humanitaire qui pr\u00e9vaut ou \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un r\u00e9cent choc humanitaire.\n\nLes partenaires et clusters partagent les diff\u00e9rents rapports sectoriels et multisectoriels avec GT GSAT, les acteurs\nhumanitaires, les autres clusters, le RRM, l\u2019ICCG et toute autre partie prenante en fonction de la th\u00e9matique abord\u00e9e.\n\n\nCommunication en fonction des publics cibles :\n\nLa communication avec les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les populations h\u00f4tes se fait \u00e0 toutes les \u00e9tapes des activit\u00e9s en sites et hors\nsites mises en place par les partenaires, de la mise en place des activit\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur cl\u00f4ture. La communication est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s\ndes comit\u00e9s directeurs et sectoriels, lors de sensibilisation ou focus groups discussions, aupr\u00e8s des leaders communautaires et\nreligieux, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, ainsi qu\u2019aupr\u00e8s des repr\u00e9sentants des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et des autorit\u00e9s locales.\n\nLe plaidoyer relatif aux activit\u00e9s de gestion de sites et au respect des principes humanitaires est fait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des acteurs\nhumanitaires comme du gouvernement et des autorit\u00e9s locales.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annexe 1 : Situation des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes au 09 juillet 2020\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annexe 2. Matrice des options de la strat\u00e9gie GT GSAT**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Groupes cibles|Col3|Objectif d\u2019intervention|% m\u00e9nages
d\u00e9plac\u00e9s|Les activit\u00e9s d'urgence
Jusqu'\u00e0 6 semaines|Les activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration
2 semaines \u00e0 24 mois|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|TYPOLOGIE|** Sites d\u2019accueil temporaires ou \u00e9tablissements similaires**|**_Sites am\u00e9nag\u00e9s :_** les m\u00e9nages
vivant dans les sites d\u2019accueil
temporaires pr\u00e9vus|\u2212 Assurer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 la
protection et des services pour tous les
membres de la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires
sur le site|


|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population du site d\u2019accueil
temporaire
\u2212 La coordination des services
de base et la protection
\u2212 planification du site





|\u2212 Enregistrement
\u2212 Suivi des mouvements des
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en dehors
des SAT
\u2212 Mise \u00e0 jour et suivi des
mouvements nouveaux arriv\u00e9s
dans les SAT
\u2212 La coordination des services
\u2212 Assurer que les structures de
protection et d\u2019autogouvernance
soient en place
\u2212La cartographie et la planification
du site|\n|TYPOLOGIE|** Sites d\u2019accueil temporaires ou \u00e9tablissements similaires**|**_Sites spontan\u00e9s :_** Les m\u00e9nages
vivant dans des sites non planifi\u00e9s|\u2212 Plaidoyer avec les partenaires
humanitaires pour l'introduction de
services humanitaires pour les
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es
\u2212 Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires
sur le site|

|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 La coordination des services
de base et la protection




|\u2212 Enregistrement
\u2212Suivi des mouvements des
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en dehors
des SAT
\u2212 Mise \u00e0 jour et suivi des
mouvements nouveaux arriv\u00e9s
\u2212 La coordination des services
\u2212 Assurer que les structures de
protection et d\u2019autogouvernance
soient en place|\n|TYPOLOGIE|** Sites d\u2019accueil temporaires ou \u00e9tablissements similaires**|**_Les centres collectifs_:** Les m\u00e9nages
vivant dans des b\u00e2timents existants
qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s comme
centres d'h\u00e9bergement pour les
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|\u2212 Assurer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 la
protection et des services pour tous les
membres de la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
dans les centres collectifs
\u2212 Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires
sur le site|

|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 La coordination des services
de base et la protection




|\u2212 Enregistrement
\u2212Suivi des mouvements des
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en dehors
des SAT
\u2212 Mise \u00e0 jour et suivi des
mouvements nouveaux arriv\u00e9s
\u2212 La coordination des services
\u2212 Assurer que les structures de
protection et d'autogouvernance
soient en place|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Centres de transit : Les m\u00e9nages
vivant dans des b\u00e2timents existants
qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s comme
logement temporaire pour le transit
ou le retour|\u2212 Assurer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 la
protection et des services pour tous les
membres de la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
dans les centres de transit
\u2212 Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires
sur le site|Col5|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 La coordination des services
de base et la protection|\u2212Enregistrement
\u2212Suivi des mouvements des
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en dehors
des SAT
\u2212 Mise \u00e0 jour et suivi des
mouvements nouveaux arriv\u00e9s
\u2212 La coordination des services
\u2212 Assurer que les structures de
protection et d'autogouvernance
soient en place|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**En dehors des sites**|**_Familles d'accueil :_**Les m\u00e9nages
qui vivent avec des familles dans la
communaut\u00e9 d'accueil|\u2212 Identifier et coordonner la protection et
le soutien aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans
un h\u00e9bergement en famille d'accueil
|



|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 La coordination des
distributions
\u2212 Renforcement des conditions
de logement des populations
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en famille d\u2019accueil
et \u00e9tant dans des conditions
de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s extr\u00eames
\u2212 Soutien \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9
d'accueil

|\u2212 Enregistrement
\u2212 Suivi des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0
l'ext\u00e9rieur des sites
|\n||**En dehors des sites**|**_Logement individuel :_**Les m\u00e9nages
qui louent dans la communaut\u00e9
d'accueil|\u2212 Identifier et coordonner la protection et
le soutien aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans
la communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil
|


|\u2212 Enregistrement de la
population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e
\u2212 La coordination des
distributions
\u2212 Soutien \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9
d'accueil


|\u2212 Enregistrement
\u2212 Suivi des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0
l'ext\u00e9rieur des sites
\u2212 Renforcement des conditions des
logements des populations
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ayant acqu\u00e9rir des terres
aupr\u00e8s des propri\u00e9taires terriens
dans les zones d\u2019accueil|\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annexe 3. S\u00e9lection de Site / Consid\u00e9rations de conception**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|D\u00c9FI|QUESTIONS CL\u00c9S|CONSIDERATIONS DE PLANIFICATION|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Emplacement**
**appropri\u00e9**|- Acc\u00e8s
- Emplacement
- Le r\u00e9gime foncier
- S\u00e9curit\u00e9|Les sites doivent \u00eatre accessibles aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les humanitaires
R\u00e9duire au minimum l'exposition aux risques : \u00e9viter les endroits dangereux
Le site de d\u00e9placement doit \u00eatre situ\u00e9 de telle sorte que tous les membres de la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e peuvent y acc\u00e9der en
toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.
Assurez-vous que les droits fonciers sont en place pour une p\u00e9riode de temps convenable|\n|**Conditions**
**climatiques**|- Temp\u00e9rature
- vents fort et violent|La mise en place du site devrait prendre en compte le climat local en r\u00e9duisant le gain solaire excessif, la cr\u00e9ation d'espaces
ext\u00e9rieurs utilisables, offrant une protection contre les temp\u00eates de vent et de poussi\u00e8re et de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9
d'ombre.|\n|**Pertinence**
**sociale**
**/\u00e9conomique**|- Accessibilit\u00e9
- Ressources naturelles
- L'int\u00e9gration locale|Les sites de d\u00e9placement devraient \u00eatre con\u00e7us pour \u00eatre accessible \u00e0 tous les membres de la communaut\u00e9, y compris les
personnes handicap\u00e9es.
Les sites doivent \u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s avec assez d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles locales.
Des liens doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tablis entre la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e et la communaut\u00e9 d'accueil pour renforcer les march\u00e9s existants
et les structures de gouvernance|\n|**Aspect culturel**|- Respecter les normes
culturelles
- une intimit\u00e9 suffisante
- Accessibilit\u00e9|Le site doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la culture avec suffisamment d'intimit\u00e9 offerte \u00e0 chaque famille.
Les installations communautaires et les espaces publics doivent \u00eatre con\u00e7us de mani\u00e8re qu'ils puissent \u00eatre consult\u00e9s par
tous les membres de la communaut\u00e9.
Les sites devraient inclure un espace allou\u00e9 pour les groupes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, comme les femmes, les enfants,
les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et les personnes handicap\u00e9es.|\n|**Probl\u00e8mes**
**environnementa**
**ux**|- R\u00e9duire au minimum
l'impact sur les ressources
naturelles
- Pensez \u00e0 l'avenir l'impact
environnemental du site et
des structures|Les sites devraient \u00eatre pr\u00e9vus pour avoir un impact minimal sur l'environnement sur la zone locale.
\u00c9vitez de placer une pression accrue sur les ressources naturelles limit\u00e9es.
Les sites doivent \u00eatre con\u00e7us pour une collecte efficace, le stockage et le traitement des d\u00e9chets.
Les strat\u00e9gies de drainage du site doivent \u00eatre soigneusement planifi\u00e9es et mises en \u0153uvre.|\n|**Att\u00e9nuation des**
**risques**|- Pluies et inondations|Les sites ne devraient pas \u00eatre construits sur des terres qui sont dangereuses ou vuln\u00e9rables aux risques naturels tels que les
inondations.
Les strat\u00e9gies de drainage du site doivent \u00eatre soigneusement planifi\u00e9es et mises en \u0153uvre.|\n\n\ni\n\n\ni Version Ao\u00fbt 2020\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a76fe5f9-6113-354f-a6f9-dc432d60ffa1/Strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20r%C3%A9ponse%20GSAT.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_646/raw/doc_646_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_646/raw/doc_646_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2dd8155f65d982e390bcfb9d5ff5e3535fbfaa7a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_646/raw/doc_646_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,764 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "SUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Acronyms**\n\nACLED The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project\nCCCM Camp Coordination and Camp Management\nCP Child Protection\nDRC Danish Refugee Council\nDTM Displacement Tracking Matrix\nETC Emergency Telecommunications Cluster\nFAO Food and Agriculture Organization\nFCS Food Consumption Score\nFEWSNET The Famine Early Warning Systems Network\nFMoH Federal Ministry of Health\nGAM Global Acute Malnutrition\nGBV Gender-Based Violence\nGSC Global Shelter Cluster\nHDX Humanitarian Data Exchange\nHNO Humanitarian Needs Overview\nHNRP Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan\nHRP Humanitarian Response Plan\nIDP Internally Displaced Person\nINGO International non-governmental organization\nIOM International Organization for Migration\nIPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification\nIRC International Rescue Committee\nKII Key Informant Interview\nMNO Mobile Network Operators\nMSNA Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment\nNFI Non-Food Item\nNGO Non-Governmental Organization\nNRC Norwegian Refugee Council\nOTP Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Programs\nPSEA Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\nRSF Rapid Support Forces\nSAF Sudanese Armed Forces\nSAM Severe acute malnutrition\nSCI Save the Children\nSEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\nSSA Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care\nUNDP United Nations Development Programme\nUNFPA United Nations Population Fund\nUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nUNICEF United Nations Children's Fund\nUNW UN Women\nUSAID United States Agency for Development\nOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\nWASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\nWFP World Food Programme\nWHO World Health Organization\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.683245062828064, - "start": 29, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Shelter Thematic Report**\n\n### **Objective**\n\nThe report aims to analyze the secondary impacts of shelter issues in Sudan and discuss possible solutions\nleveraging existing capacities. Given the large-scale displacement and pre-existing poor shelter conditions, it is\ncritical to understand how these conditions impact populations amidst evolving conflict dynamics and how best\nto address them.\n\n### **Contextual Background**\n\nIn Sudan, humanitarian needs were at record levels even before the outbreak of the conflict in April 2023. The\ncountry has long faced challenges with internal displacement, stemming from various conflicts and\nenvironmental factors. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) have consistently faced poor shelter conditions,\nmarked by overcrowding and inferior housing quality, along with widespread issues like limited privacy,\ninadequate lighting, and constrained access to vital household items. Humanitarian organizations' efforts to\nimprove these conditions have been significantly hampered by funding constraints, with the shelter cluster only\n[43% funded on the revised 2023 HRP (FTS](https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1123/summary) 24/01/2023). Findings from the 2023 HNO identified 2.9 million people\nin need of shelter and NFI assistance prior to the conflict, with three in four Sudanese living in damaged shelters\nand many reporting severe damages that compromised the structural safety of their houses or total structural\ncollapse. Even families with more durable housing options struggled with poor living conditions. Inflation and\nsharp increases in the prices of goods have also reduced families\u2019 purchasing power, limiting their ability to invest\nin shelter repair and maintenance. The most commonly reported shelter issues included leaks, cracked roofs, and\npartial roof collapses. Furthermore, findings from the 2022 MSNA showed that only a quarter of assessed\nhouseholds in the country had the security of tenure which protects tenants from forced eviction. For those living\nin camps and informal settlements, 73% of households reported having only collective types of occupancy\narrangements, hence a large number of the population living in these areas were already facing HLP (Housing,\n[Land and property) concerns in the forms of property occupation, ownership, and rental disputes (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-november-2022)\n07/11/2022, [MSNA](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/card/6puTp5gRAX/) 20/09/2022). In such a scenario, the current crisis and the subsequent mass damage to civilian\nhousing and infrastructure have heightened concerns for shelter in an already fragile environment.\n\nThe continuation and intensification of hostilities in the past eight months, from the capital to most states in\nDarfur to Greater Kordofan and Al Jazirah state, have caused unprecedented displacement. IOM estimates that\nnearly 5.8 million people have been internally displaced since April 15, 2023, making Sudan the country with the\n[largest internally displaced population in the world (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-weekly-displacement-snapshot-15?close=true) 29/12/2023). In recent months, the violence has grown\nconsiderably, as reports of brutal crimes committed against different ethnic groups have become rampant,\n[leading to further displacement in states such as Gedaref, Aj Jazirah, and South Darfur (VOA](https://www.voaafrica.com/a/survivors-recount-rsf-and-arab-killings-in-west-darfur/7281841.html) [24/09/2023, UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)\n[22/11/2023, ACLED](https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/) [17/11/2023, OCHA 14/12/2023, IOM](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar) 29/12/2023)\n\n### **Current Shelter Situation**\n\n**The shelter crisis in Sudan has led to a near tripling of People in Need (PIN), rising to 8.6 million, while targeted**\n**assistance fell to 24%. This trend reflects an increasing disparity between growing needs and available aid.**\nThe number of people in need of shelter assistance in Sudan has nearly tripled in the last year, escalating from\n2.9 million reported in HNO 2023 to 5.7 million in its revised version in May 2023 and to more than 8.6 million as\nper the latest HNRP 2024, published in December 2023. However, the percentage of those targeted for\nassistance has decreased from 33% in May 2023 to around 24% in early 2024, indicating a widening gap between\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "aid capacity and the escalating crisis. The latest HNRP outlines a funding need of $212.4 million for shelter alone\n[(OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-november-2022) [07/11/2022, OCHA 17/05/2023, OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-revised-humanitarian-response-plan-2023-revision-issued-17-may-2023-enar) [21/12/2023, OCHA FTS](https://fts.unocha.org/countries/212/summary/2024) accessed 15/01/2023).\n\n**The ongoing conflict has caused massive displacement, with 61% of the newly displaced originating from**\n**Khartoum and seeking refuge primarily in the River Nile, White Nile, Sennar, and Aj Jazirah. Greater Darfur**\n**accounts for 32% of the newly displaced population, with the capitals of the 5 states being the hardest hit**\n**areas. These massive population movements have strained local resources, leading to a critical shortage of**\n**adequate shelter and intensifying the humanitarian crisis.**\nSince the outbreak of conflict on 15 April, Sudan has seen a shift in displacement patterns. Previously,\ndisplacement was largely rural, with IDPs confined to gathering sites and encampments across Darfur, Kordofan,\nand Blue Nile. However, post-April 15, there's been a pivot to urban displacement, with many IDPs fleeing from\nmajor urban centers to residential areas in other cities, being sheltered by the host community, and moving away\nfrom the traditional encampment model. Notably, Eastern Sudan, once a safe haven hosting refugees in camps,\nnow has a surge in IDPs exceeding even the numbers in historically conflict-ridden Darfur. These regions have\nseen an increased strain due to the influx of urban IDPs, which has taken a toll on the infrastructure and resources\n[of these states, with already stretched and inadequate housing (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a4e22b6-967b-4846-8cfc-6f6409cab8b1/HNRP_2024_SDN_EN.pdf) 21/12/2023, [OCHA](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan?_gl=1%2addjwpc%2a_ga%2aNTY0NjU3NC4xNzAxNzg0NDI5%2a_ga_E60ZNX2F68%2aMTcwNDI1NzkxMC41My4xLjE3MDQyNTkzOTcuMzguMC4w) 28/12/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar)\n[14/12/2023, UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/535d1741-d551-45f4-b8bc-63b338c6f441/Sudan%20Situation%20-%20UNHCR%20External%20Update%20%2327%20-%2018%20September%202023.pdf) 20/09/2023).\n\n**As the majority of IDPs continue to live with the host communities, the initial solidarity is increasingly giving**\n**way to economic strains, leading to a gradual erosion of support. This shift, coupled with escalating resource**\n**scarcity and limited shelter options, is driving many IDPs toward collective sites or public buildings. A small**\n**number of IDPs are also living in improvised or severely damaged shelters.**\nA closer look at the displacement trends further sheds light on the vulnerability of the population groups and the\nshelter concerns they are facing, or most likely to encounter, in the coming months as new sites emerge to\naccommodate the growing number of displaced households. So far, IDPs have mostly sought refuge in areas\nwhere they had families or pre-existing communal ties in hopes of security and a greater sense of mutual support.\nThe latest DTM shows that overall in Sudan, the majority of IDPs live with host communities (65%), followed by\nschools or public buildings (13%), rented accommodation (8%), camps (7%), and open areas settlements (7%), the\nsituation differs in Central, South and North Darfur, where only 34%,39% and 44% of IDPs live with the host\ncommunities. Many reside in schools and public buildings (36% in South Darfur) and in open area informal\n[settlements (33% in Central Darfur, 24% in North Darfur) (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf) 28/12/2023). This could be due to communal\ntensions in these areas. It should be noted that the recent surge of violence in these states puts the population\nresiding in schools or open shelters at an increased risk of homelessness and physical violence. Additionally, the\ndisplaced population are very likely to live in substandard housing that lacks basic amenities. Nearly half of the\nIDPs interviewed throughout the country reported that electricity was not available at all. The condition is worst\n[in most of the Darfur and Kordofan states, where 100% of the assessed IDP households cited the problem (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf)\n28/12/2023).\n\nReports over the past three months indicate a decrease in support for IDPs residing with host communities,\n[notably cited in an assessment conducted in Kassala and Gedaref states (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5692e57b-8e46-4151-b24a-530e2bf48c82/ISRNA_Kassala_2023-11.pdf) [27/12/2023, NRC 22/12/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b39bf058-1f4a-4723-9c8b-3abfb1ef1278/Al%20Fao%20Rapid%20Assessment%20Report.pdf)\nUnder this circumstance, IDPs are forced to seek shelters elsewhere, most notably in schools or public buildings,\n[with UNICEF reporting over 1000 schools being used as shelters for IDPs across the country (UNICEF 21/11/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/41a353e1-7be0-43a7-b342-3956bc574e88/UNICEF%20Sudan%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2012%20-%20October%202023.pdf)\nAgainst this backdrop, recent schools reopening in IDP sites of Aj Jazirah state can further increase the risk of\n[eviction (VOA](https://www.voaafrica.com/a/survivors-recount-rsf-and-arab-killings-in-west-darfur/7281841.html) 24/09/2023, [UNHCR 22/11/2023, ACLED](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation) 17/11/2023, [OCHA14/12/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar) [IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-weekly-displacement-snapshot-15?close=true) 02/01/2024, [UNICEF](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/41a353e1-7be0-43a7-b342-3956bc574e88/UNICEF%20Sudan%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2012%20-%20October%202023.pdf)\n21/11/2023).\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "displacement trends", - "confidence": 0.5813488960266113, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.944372296333313, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9704391360282898, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reports", - "confidence": 0.5722716450691223, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9271626472473145, - "start": 661, - "end": 662 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9429944753646851, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The spread of violence to the East and the resurgence of conflict in Darfur have triggered secondary**\n**displacement, causing critical shelter-access issues, with many living in damaged houses and makeshift**\n**shelters.**\nAs the conflict rages on, many of these IDPs are at risk of secondary displacement. In December 2023, Aj Jazirah\nstate (an IDP hub) witnessed widespread clashes between the conflicting parties, which caused further\ndisplacement of IDPs and refugees from the area. Findings from IOM\u2019s DTM show that 224,000 IDPs were\n[subjected to secondary displacement, with an additional 275,796 IDPs newly displaced from the state (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a4e22b6-967b-4846-8cfc-6f6409cab8b1/HNRP_2024_SDN_EN.pdf)\n[21/12/2023, OCHA](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan?_gl=1%2addjwpc%2a_ga%2aNTY0NjU3NC4xNzAxNzg0NDI5%2a_ga_E60ZNX2F68%2aMTcwNDI1NzkxMC41My4xLjE3MDQyNTkzOTcuMzguMC4w) [28/12/2023, OCHA 14/12/2023, IOM 02/11/2023, UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-2023-humanitarian-response-plan-december-2023-enar) [07/11/2023, IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-weekly-displacement-snapshot-15?close=true) 02/01/2024). Attacks\nin Nyala and other areas of Darfur have caused further destruction to houses and residential areas, often forcing\n[people to sleep under trees by the roadside, causing serious concerns for their safety (Radio Tamazuj 09/11/2023).](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/north-darfur-fear-grips-el-fasher-residents-after-rsf-seizes-army-garrison)\nClashes between SAF and RSF near the Hasahisa camp in Central Darfur also left thousands homeless in\nSeptember 2023, causing secondary displacement and forcing people to live in makeshift shelters. Secondary\ndisplacement has now pushed people to Sennar, White Nile, Gedaref, Kassala, Red Sea, River Nile, and Northern\nstates, which not only had a significant displaced population from before but also poor shelter living conditions.\n\n**Rapid needs assessments conducted in Sennar and Gedaref states show that an estimated 73% and 63% of**\n**assessed IDPs reported not having access to shelter, respectively.** Lack of financial ability and unavailability of\nhousing were cited as the main barriers to not having shelter. In Sennar, most of the IDPs (70%) were living in\nmakeshift shelters made mainly from tarpaulins, whilst others were staying in schools or public buildings. The\nsituation is similar in Gedaref, with the majority of the shelters being visibly damaged (41%) and schools frequently\n[being repurposed for housing the population (NRC](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b39bf058-1f4a-4723-9c8b-3abfb1ef1278/Al%20Fao%20Rapid%20Assessment%20Report.pdf) [22/12/2023, NRC](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f59a64e-d8b9-48be-a547-60df83e5c940/Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Sennar%20State_Al%20Jazirah%20Conflict.pdf) 20/12/2023). Regarding access to non-food\n[items (NFIs), the RNA revealed that only 41% owned sleeping mats (NRC](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b39bf058-1f4a-4723-9c8b-3abfb1ef1278/Al%20Fao%20Rapid%20Assessment%20Report.pdf) [22/12/2023, NRC](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6f59a64e-d8b9-48be-a547-60df83e5c940/Rapid%20Needs%20Assessment%20Sennar%20State_Al%20Jazirah%20Conflict.pdf) 20/12/2023).\n\nIn Kassala state, shelters are either reported to be too small or more space is needed to accommodate all\nhousehold members. An inter-sectoral need assessment conducted in the area shows that more than half of the\nassessed locations had insufficient shelters and beds. Many KIs also reported inadequate ventilation and a lack\n[of gender-segregated latrines (OCHA 27/12/2023). Reports from hard-to-reach areas of West, Central, and South](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5692e57b-8e46-4151-b24a-530e2bf48c82/ISRNA_Kassala_2023-11.pdf)\nDarfur also indicate poor shelter conditions in the region. KIs reported that access to adequate shelter had\nworsened in the month before data collection, particularly because the settlement had been destroyed. In\nZalingei and Nyala, shelter was one of the top priority needs reported by nearly three fourths of the assessed\n[settlement KIs. These are areas hosting a large percentage of the non-displaced population (REACH 20/11/2023,](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/reach/fbed8a0b/REACH-West-Darfur-Sudan-H2R-assessment-September-2023.pdf)\n[REACH](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d8b2f29d-f312-44ac-84b9-13916860e12f/Reach%20Sudan%20Nyala%2009.2023.pdf) [27/12/2023, REACH](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ad644572-c6c9-4695-aa4f-c20bf907e87e/SDN2301_HSM_Factsheet_Zalingi_Sep-23_FV.pdf) 27/12/2023).\n\n**House rents have increased significantly in parts of the country, pushing many IDPs to relocate from rented**\n**accommodation to gathering sites as many are unable to afford rent.**\nThe housing situation due to the recent crisis has also worsened due to high rental costs. Local reports indicate\nthat the cost of renting a house is between SDG 400,000 (USD 665) and SDG 800,000 (USD 1,330) in Northern\n[Sudan (Dabanga Sudan, 29/08/2023). Increased rents have been reported in the River Nile, Red Sea, Kassala, and](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/displaced-in-lack-food-and-shelter-in-northern-sudan)\nEl Gedaref states with local sources pointing that in some parts of Port Sudan, rents have reached SDG 1.5 million\n(USD 2495) and beyond. An OCHA update from August 2023 reported that displaced people are self-relocating\nfrom rented houses or relatives' houses to gathering sites due to their inability to pay rent or conflict with the\n[families accommodating them (Dabanga Sudan](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/displaced-in-lack-food-and-shelter-in-northern-sudan) 29/08/2023, [Dabanga Sudan](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-humanitarian-situation-tops-irc-emergency-watchlist-for-2024) 05/01/2024, [OCHA 15/08/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9d6bfbb5-f3d6-43bc-ad7c-80e2af5ba95e/SUDAN_20230814_Humanitarian%20Update_FINAL.pdf)\nAlthough there is limited data to show whether there has been a change in rental prices in the country in recent\nmonths, the prices would likely increase as schools start to reopen. This could push many of those who have been\n[living in public buildings to seek rented accommodations (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf) 29/12/2023).\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.8736815452575684, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9609919190406799, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aj Jazirah\nstate", - "confidence": 0.7685746550559998, - "start": 67, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8916891813278198, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5302579402923584, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.976829469203949, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.9875639081001282, - "start": 311, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.891147255897522, - "start": 437, - "end": 438 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9101371765136719, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RNA", - "confidence": 0.8603975772857666, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kassala state", - "confidence": 0.7457532286643982, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9684932231903076, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-sectoral need assessment", - "confidence": 0.647783637046814, - "start": 517, - "end": 520 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kassala state", - "confidence": 0.6992728114128113, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6160379648208618, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "limited data", - "confidence": 0.6933971643447876, - "start": 905, - "end": 907 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.633497953414917, - "start": 812, - "end": 813 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5316137075424194, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Shelter Thematic Report", - "confidence": 0.7408309578895569, - "start": 969, - "end": 972 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9803946018218994, - "start": 966, - "end": 967 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7615821361541748, - "start": 975, - "end": 976 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**In 2023, heavy rains and subsequent flooding caused widespread damage to housing and infrastructure**\n**destroying some 8,000 homes, most notably in North Darfur, Northern, and White Nile states. This is likely an**\n**undercount considering challenges around communication and information gathering.**\nIn Sudan, the heavy rain season and floods, particularly from July to October, have severely impacted the quality\nand availability of shelter and accommodation. In 2023, the floods damaged infrastructure and homes, affecting\nan estimated 89,000 people and destroying around 8,000 homes and extensive farmland. Regions like North\nDarfur, Northern, and White Nile states have been heavily affected. Flooding is especially detrimental in\ndisplacement sites, where it exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. The destruction of houses forces many into\novercrowded settlements or makeshift shelters which often lack basic amenities and adequate space. The\novercrowding combined with the loss of houses challenges the provision of safe and stable accommodation,\nheightening the risk of exposure to extreme weather conditions and further displacement. Additionally, the\ndamaged infrastructure hinders the delivery of essential services and reconstruction efforts, prolonging the\n[shelter crisis (OCHA21/12/2023, USAID 18/08/2023, REACH](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a4e22b6-967b-4846-8cfc-6f6409cab8b1/HNRP_2024_SDN_EN.pdf) 19/09/2023).\n\n### **Analysis of HLP Environment**\n\n**In Sudan, long-standing conflicts over Housing, Land and Property (HLP) rights\u2019 conflicts, compounded by**\n**ambiguous land rights, aggravated tribal tensions, and heightened housing challenges for the growing number**\n**of displaced individuals, especially in historically disputed areas like Darfur.**\nConflicts over HLP rights play a central role in the country's conflicts. In Sudan, land disputes serve as a key\ncatalyst for tribal tensions, a situation further exacerbated by the nomadic lifestyle of roughly 20% of the\n[population, who are predominantly pastoralists. (UNDP](https://www.undp.org/arab-states/publications/nomads-settlement-sudan-experiances-lessons-and-future-action) 26/03/2020). These demographic factors add to the\ncomplexity of HLP issues, which extend beyond agricultural land to encompass shelter and housing rights.\nDiverse forms of land conflicts exist, including disputes between farmers and pastoralists, as well as\ndisagreements among returnees, IDPs, and host communities. Conflicts also arise from the dichotomy between\n[formal and customary land rights and between large and small landholders (UN-Habitat](https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/08/darfur_land_administration_report_final_30.07.2020.pdf) 30/07/2020). A 2021 study\nin Darfur, a region significantly impacted by these issues, showed that the vast majority of IDPs (81%) were unable\nto access their former lands, primarily due to illegal occupation by other tribal groups. Moreover, only 5% of IDPs\nheld official registration for their land. With the marked increase in internal displacement in 2023, these HLP\nchallenges have become increasingly relevant. Although the current conflict is not primarily fueled by these\ndisputes, there is a consistent pattern of localized violent incidents that are instigated by issues related to\n[exercising tenure rights (JIPS 22/04/2022, IOM](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/access-land-and-tenure-october-2021) [07/12/2023, RT 20/12/2023, Al Jazeera](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/official-reports-clash-in-abyeis-kadhiang-village) 24/11/2023).\n\n**The displacement crisis has intensified legal tenure insecurity among IDPs, a problem most severe in Greater**\n**Darfur. This situation undermines both the prospect of sustainable housing solutions and the effectiveness of**\n**humanitarian cash assistance. Women face additional challenges due to customary land ownership**\n**restrictions, while widespread documentation gaps and eviction threats further exacerbate the vulnerability**\n**of IDPs.**\nThe legal insecurity in terms of tenure is particularly pronounced among the internally displaced population, and\nthis heightened in 2023 as displacement has increased exponentially. Amid armed conflict, property, land use,\n[and control over natural resources constitute tools of power (GSC](https://sheltercluster.org/sudan/factsheets/2023-09) 09/2023, [UNFPA](https://www.unfpa.org/sudan-conflict-tragedy-women-and-girls%E2%80%99-rights) [12/10/2023, IOM 02/01/2024).](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-weekly-displacement-snapshot-15?close=true)\nAccording to the DTM, only 8% of the internally displaced population in Sudan lives in rented homes, and the\n[formality of these rental agreements is unknown (IOM, 23/01/2024). The remaining 92% live in housing modalities](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-internally-displaced-persons-2023-estimates-january-2024)\nthat do not guarantee their right to housing sustainably. There is particular concern for nearly 30% of them living\nin high-risk conditions such as improvised shelters, schools or public buildings, camps, or open-air informal\nsettlements. The internally displaced population in Greater Darfur is most exposed to housing modalities\nclassified as high-risk. Over half of the more than two million IDPs spread across the five states live in these\n[conditions of high vulnerability in terms of housing rights (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf) 28/12/2023). In Darfur, the situation is particularly\nsevere for women, who are often excluded from land ownership rights under the region's traditional Hakura\n[system, which prevents women and nomadic communities from owning land (JIPS](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/access-land-and-tenure-october-2021) 22/04/2022). This informality\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and lack of legal security affects the humanitarian response as well. The HNRP 2024 indicates cash assistance\nas the primary approach for shelter needs among IDPs in Sudan, where informal tenure prevails. This reliance on\ninformal housing complicates cash programs, as accurately quantifying funding needs and ensuring accountable\ndistribution is challenging, and cash-for-rent scenarios increase the risk of commodification and exploitation\n[(OCHA](https://humanitarianaction.info/plan/1188/document/sudan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024) 20/12/2023).\n\nCompounding this, assessments in other regions -like Kassala state- reveal frequent eviction threats for IDPs\noccupying public buildings or agricultural lands, exacerbating their insecurity. A pervasive absence of essential\ndocumentation, such as legal land ownership proof, hampers the realization and enforcement of HLP rights, while\n[IDPs without official identity documents struggle to secure rental agreements (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/103952) 10/10/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-inter-sectoral-needs-assessmemt-kassala-state-november-2023)\n27/12/2023). The tenure risks faced by IDPs impact not only their current displacement conditions but also hinder\ntheir potential return and eventual achievement of durable solutions, as their original properties are often\n[occupied by other communities or armed groups (RT](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/panic-south-of-sudans-capital-as-rsf-paramilitaries-advance) [15/09/2023, Reuters 03/01/2024).](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-rsf-say-it-is-open-immediate-ceasefire-via-talks-2024-01-02/)\n\n**Targeted assaults on state buildings and disruptions in administrative and judicial services have significantly**\n**obstructed the IDPs access to mechanisms for securing their land and housing rights.**\nThe availability of dispute resolution mechanisms, whether through customary or statutory bodies, is crucial for\naddressing the challenges faced, especially by Sudan's internally displaced population, in terms of HLP and tenure\n[rights (JIPS](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/access-land-and-tenure-october-2021) 22/04/2022). However, especially in recent months, Sudan has witnessed a surge in attacks and\noccupations of key state buildings, including courthouses and government offices, along with interruptions in\nvital administrative services like civil registries all over the country. These services are essential, among other\n[procedures, for the issuance of personal identification documents (Dabanga Sudan](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/judicial-facilities-destroyed-in-war-shows-alarming-collapse-of-sudans-justice-system) 23/05/2023, [UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/protection-brief-sudan-september-2023)\n[10/10/2023, RT](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/sudan-war-destroys-judicial-assets-files-central-darfurs-zalingei) 23/11/2023). According to IOM, in December 2023 only 3% of the internally displaced people could\naccess legal or government services unimpeded, with a significant 55% unable to access any such services. This\nshortfall is particularly acute in conflict-heavy regions like Greater Darfur, North and West Kordofan, and\nKhartoum, where more than 90% of the displaced population lack access to any type of legal or governmental\n[services, exacerbating their vulnerability in a context marked by housing and tenure insecurity (IOM](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf) 28/12/2023).\n\n### **Secondary Impacts of Shelter Issues**\n\n\n**Physical and Mental Well-Being**\n\n**Inadequate and overcrowded shelters, compounded by the rainy season, increase the risk of water- and**\n**vector-borne disease outbreaks and spread, such as the current surge in cholera cases.**\nInadequate shelter can lead to both physical and mental health risks. In terms of physical health risks, WHO notes\nthat inadequate and overcrowded shelters are essential factors in the transmission of diseases with epidemic\npotential, such as cholera, malaria, and acute watery diarrhea. Disease outbreaks tend to be more prevalent and\nsevere in areas with high population density and significantly deteriorated hygiene conditions. In addition,\ninsufficient shelters expose people to extreme weather events such as heavy rain, floods, extreme temperatures,\n[etc. (CARE 08/2020,](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/Towards%20Healthier%20Homes%20in%20Humanitarian%20Settings.%20CARE%20CENDEP%20August%202020.pdf) [WHO 09/01/2024).](https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/environmental-health-in-emergencies/humanitarian-emergencies#:~:text=For%20communities%2C%20inadequate%20shelter%20and,the%20population%20density%20is%20high.)\n\nThe outbreak of the conflict in April 2023, followed by extensive displacement, has further deteriorated Sudan's\nalready strained housing situation. With limited options, IDPs primarily relied on host communities or improvized\nshelters -such as schools and other public buildings- where spaces are not equipped for long-term habitation and\noften lack basic residential facilities and essential services. The situation is further exacerbated by a declining\n[health system, poor sanitation, and a lack of access to clean water (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-cholera-outbreak-flash-update-no-1-17-october-2023-enar) 19/10/2023). On top of the conflict, the\nJune-September heavy rainy season and floods led to the destruction of infrastructure, homes, and crops\naffecting around 90,000 people in the country. This increased the risk of water and vector-borne diseases as\nstagnant pools of water and flooded areas became breeding grounds for cholera, malaria and Viral Hemorrhagic\n[Fevers (VHF) (OCHA](https://response.reliefweb.int/sudan/floods-2023) 05/11/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9d6bfbb5-f3d6-43bc-ad7c-80e2af5ba95e/SUDAN_20230814_Humanitarian%20Update_FINAL.pdf) 15/08/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a4e22b6-967b-4846-8cfc-6f6409cab8b1/HNRP_2024_SDN_EN.pdf) 21/12/2023, [REACH](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b48f1d3f-c8da-47e1-862d-942a1aba0fab/REACH_SDN_Map_Flood_Susceptibility_per_state_August_2023.pdf) 19/09/2023, [USAID 18/08/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1fdd5698-d644-48e2-bb40-30327744466e/2023_08_18%20USG%20Sudan%20Complex%20Emergency%20Fact%20Sheet%20%2317.pdf)\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Beyond South and North Darfur, other localities heavily impacted by the flood included Meroe in Northern state,\n[Ad Damar in River Nile state (OCHA 05/11/2023), as well as Kosti in White Nile state, which faced an outbreak of](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWE0N2UyNWUtNTA0Ny00OGI0LWEyNTgtZGQ5YTM2NzYzZjBjIiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxNmU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9)\n[malaria and watery diarrhea due to deteriorating sanitary conditions (Radio Dabanga](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/88-shelters-face-health-crisis-along-sudan-nile) 22/08/2023). In these areas,\nshelter needs rapidly spiked as did risks of diseases\u2019 outbreaks. Overall, about 697,000 malaria cases and eight\nassociated deaths were identified, mainly in White Nile, Aj Jazirah, and Gedaref. Over 4,000 measles cases were\nreported between 15 April and 15 September 2023, mostly from White Nile and Aj Jazirah.\n\nIn late September 2023, Sudan declared a cholera outbreak in Gedaref. Since then, the number of suspected\ncholera cases continued to increase and as of 26 December 2023, at least 8,536 suspected cases of cholera,\nincluding 231 associated deaths have been reported from 46 localities of nine states: Aj Jazirah, Blue Nile,\nGedaref, Kassala, Khartoum, Red Sea, Sennar, South Kordofan, and White Nile states. So far **, Red Sea State,**\n**Gedaref State,** and **Aj Jazirah** [are the states with the highest number of reported cases (UNICEF 20/10/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b48fda68-0158-48d1-be2b-01d73be35c89/UNICEF%20Sudan%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2011%2C%2030%20September%202023.pdf)\n[OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-update-28-december-2023-enar) 31/12/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/2024-demands-swift-action-stem-sudans-ruinous-conflict-statement-martin-griffiths-under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-coordinator-enar) 04/01/2023). These numbers are most likely higher as Sudan\u2019s national-level\nepidemiological data is lacking due to the damage to the Sudanese health system and lack of medical personnel\ncaused by the ongoing conflict.\n\n**The inadequate living conditions faced by IDPs, including lack of shelter, overcrowding, insecurity, unhealthy**\n**environments, and uncertain housing tenure, significantly detriment their psychological well-being.**\nEven before the conflict began in 2023, mental health and psychosocial support were already limited in Sudan. A\n2021 WHO report emphasized the scarcity of resources for mental health, indicating an apparent absence of\npsychiatric nurses, a shortage of clinical psychologists, and only two certified child psychiatrists available in the\n[country (WHO](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/providing-mental-health-support-humanitarian-emergencies-opportunity-integrate-care) 17/12/2021). Furthermore, mental health services provided by the Health Cluster covered only\n[twelve out of the eighteen states before the outbreak of the conflict (Health Cluster and WHO 07/02/2023). The](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-health-cluster-mental-health-services-january-december-2022)\nsituation has become more severe after the conflict, with mental health and psychosocial support services being\nalmost nonexistent, especially in the affected states. According to the Health Cluster, mental health services are\n[available in only seven out of the eighteen states all of which are located in the non-conflicted areas(UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/health-conditions-worsen-displacement-sudan-conflict-exceeds-4-million)\n08/08/2023, [Health Cluster and WHO 16/01/2024). WHO associates displacement and emergencies with](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-health-cluster-mental-health-services-april-15-december-31-2023)\nsignificant psychological stress that can trigger the breakdown of traditional community and family structures,\nwhich are essential contributors to positive well-being. Post-traumatic stress disorder or depression,\nexperiencing social challenges, or developing negative coping strategies are some of the mental health\nconditions that displaced people may suffer from. According to WHO, the prevalence of depression and anxiety\nrises with age, and women are more prone to experience depression than men. Moreover, people with severe\n[mental disorder histories are especially vulnerable during and after emergencies (WHO 16/03/2022). Children in](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-in-emergencies)\nconflict zones who have lost their homes and have been displaced from their neighborhood, are vulnerable to\n[increased risk of depression and anxiety (Save The Children 30/01/2023). According to the report from the Shelter](https://www.savethechildren.net/blog/surviving-just-beginning-impact-conflict-children-s-mental-health#:~:text=Anxiety%2C%20Loneliness%20and%20Insecurity,anxiety%20in%20war%2Daffected%20children.)\nand Health Multi-sectoral Learning Day, proper living conditions are an essential factor in the mental recovery of\naffected people in times of crisis. It was noted that overcrowding, unhealthy living conditions, and lack of tenure\nsecurity can all contribute to stress and associated mental health issues. Adequate shelter, together with other\n[factors, may mitigate or reduce the impact of these issues (CARE 08/2020).](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/Towards%20Healthier%20Homes%20in%20Humanitarian%20Settings.%20CARE%20CENDEP%20August%202020.pdf)\n\nWhile WHO and the Health Cluster provide some information regarding mental health and psychosocial services,\nincluding the number of consultations, geographical distribution, and the number of consultations over time,\nmental health services are available in only 15 out of 189 localities and in 7 out of 18 states across Sudan. This\n[presents an incomplete picture of the actual situation in the country (WHO and Health Cluster](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-health-cluster-mental-health-services-april-15-november-30-2023) 06/12/2023).\nSpecific information on the effect of the current shelter situation on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of\nIDPs is lacking.\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national-level\nepidemiological data", - "confidence": 0.9874731302261353, - "start": 302, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.5470791459083557, - "start": 387, - "end": 388 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9546788334846497, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8047252297401428, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6770210266113281, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8460083603858948, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Shelter Thematic Report", - "confidence": 0.9794416427612305, - "start": 902, - "end": 905 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5474912524223328, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.947126030921936, - "start": 908, - "end": 909 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Social Cohesion**\n\nThe conflict has reignited communal tensions in Sudan, and recent reports of ethnic violence in Darfur states\nhave heightened concerns about civilian safety in the country, especially in camps and informal settlements.\nThere have also been accounts of large-scale violence against civilians in Ag Geinena, including the killing and\ntorture of non-Arab civilians. In West Darfur, RSF's repeated attacks on the Masalit tribe have killed thousands of\npeople including 700-800 IDPs who were residing in the Adramata camp. There have also been witness reports of\ndestruction and looting of houses occupied by the Masalit population and many amongst the tribe are violated,\nabused, sold into slavery, and killed. This has created an unsafe environment for the population living in West\n[Darfur, especially IDPs who live in open shelters, and camps as they are more vulnerable to attacks (IOM](https://mailchi.mp/iom/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-conflict-in-ag-geneina-ardamata-town-west-darfur-update-003?e=8627d1cb44)\n[09/11/2023, BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67356375) [08/11/2023, UN 16/11/2023, CNN](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/statement-ms-alice-wairimu-nderitu-united-nations-special-adviser-prevention-genocide-renewed-escalation-violence-darfur-sudan) [08/11/2023, Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/sudans-rsf-closes-in-on-capturing-all-of-darfur) [08/11/2023, ECHO](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-surge-violence-darfur-dg-echo-unocha-ingos-echo-daily-flash-06-november-2023) 06/11/2023). Camps\n[have largely become unsafe as RSF continues to disregard the civilian nature of these settlements (IOM](https://mailchi.mp/iom/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-inter-communal-conflict-in-buram-locality-south-darfur-update-004?e=3056335583)\n[20/11/2023, OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-situation-report-7-november-2023) [02/11/2023, IOM 15/11/2023, ACLED](https://mailchi.mp/iom/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-inter-communal-conflict-in-al-kurmuk-dindiro-town-blue-nile-update-001?e=8627d1cb44) 03/11/2023).\n\n**Nine months into the conflict, competition over limited resources has increased tensions between host**\n**communities and IDPs, particularly in Kassala, Gedaref, and Darfur states. IDPs there are often forced to**\n**relocate to gathering sites or open shelters where conditions are extremely poor, putting them at a high risk**\n**of violence.**\nThe lack of resources, limited infrastructure, and continuous violence have strained the relationship between\nIDPs and their host communities in many parts of the country. Findings from a need assessment in Kassala state\nshow that 45% of internally displaced households require urgent relocation from Almasna due to tension with\nhost communities. Similar issues were reported in the Al Fao locality of Gedaref state, where in a study, 26% of\nthe respondents indicated that they had faced tensions from the host communities, with the major causes being\nan added economic burden on the host community due to increased demand for services for the IDPs. In a Search\nfor Common Ground (SFCG) report, Gedaref was found to be a state where the highest proportion of IDPs reported\nfacing inhumane treatment in accommodation centers by local authorities and communities. Reasons behind this\ngrowing mistrust and social divisions are noted to be competition over limited resources such as water, food, and\nhousing, as well as perceptions that IDPs receive preferential treatment or resources from humanitarian actors.\nThese issues can likely push IDPs to move to gathering sites or to open shelters if hostilities grow. This is\ncorroborated by the findings from the recent DTM which found that amongst the IDPs who intend to move to\n[another location, many wanted to do so due to social or community reasons (IOM, 29/12/2023). In fact, amongst](https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20Monthly%20Displacement%20Overview%20%20%284%29.pdf)\nthe 3,376 IDP households assessed in East Darfur who intended to move elsewhere, nearly half of them (49%)\nwanted to do so because of the aforementioned reasons. This was true for 13% of assessed households in Central\n[Darfur who had similar intentions (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5692e57b-8e46-4151-b24a-530e2bf48c82/ISRNA_Kassala_2023-11.pdf) [27/12/2023, NRC 22/12/2023 IOM, 29/12/2023, SFCG 19/12/2023))](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b39bf058-1f4a-4723-9c8b-3abfb1ef1278/Al%20Fao%20Rapid%20Assessment%20Report.pdf)\n\n**Protection**\n\n**The escalation of conflict in Sudan since April 2023 has intensified shelter-related protection risks. The non-**\n**displaced population faces at-home risks, while IDPs face increased vulnerabilities in overcrowded shelters,**\n**heightening exposure to violence and exploitation.**\nSince April 2023, millions of Sudanese have been forced to abandon their homes in search of security. However,\ndespite challenging circumstances, some people in conflict-affected areas continued to live in their homes. The\nconflict has rendered it nearly impossible for the majority of Sudan\u2019s population to fulfill basic needs.\nConsequently, these people not only face the constant risk of physical injury and death but also risk compromising\ntheir wellbeing as they resort to harmful coping mechanisms. These include the sale of assets and properties,\nchild labor, involvement in the exchange of sex, and other forms of exploitative labor. Additionally, forced\n[recruitment and the recruitment of children pose significant risks in conflict areas. (UNHCR 04/06/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/protection-brief-sudan-june-2023) [UN HRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-un-expert-warns-child-recruitment-armed-forces)\n[16/10/2023, Washington Post](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/29/sudan-war-refugees-rsf-military/) [30/11/2023, The World Bank](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/when-living-under-conflict-why-do-some-people-flee-while-others-stay-qa-with-world-bank-lead-economist-paolo-verme) 13/08/2018).\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "witness reports", - "confidence": 0.610399603843689, - "start": 97, - "end": 99 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8538460731506348, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5754868388175964, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "need assessment", - "confidence": 0.9965224266052246, - "start": 385, - "end": 387 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kassala state", - "confidence": 0.9756265878677368, - "start": 388, - "end": 390 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced households", - "confidence": 0.9896265268325806, - "start": 395, - "end": 398 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.936440646648407, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Al Fao locality of Gedaref state", - "confidence": 0.5181574821472168, - "start": 416, - "end": 422 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7794164419174194, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Search\nfor Common Ground", - "confidence": 0.9660930037498474, - "start": 469, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9762553572654724, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SFCG", - "confidence": 0.9833515286445618, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gedaref", - "confidence": 0.9042457938194275, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8493735194206238, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8745872378349304, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.9201499819755554, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5328444838523865, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9486112594604492, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Darfur", - "confidence": 0.7262088656425476, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8598158955574036, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5016350150108337, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While people remaining in their places of origin experience risks mainly associated with the context of violence\nand instability, the internally displaced population are exposed to additional and critical protection risks such as\nrisks of aggression, smuggling, human trafficking, and GBV. Most of these risks originate from or are aggravated\nby the temporary or definitive loss of shelter. The extent and nature of risks for IDPs vary depending on both the\ntype of shelter\u2014such as camps, host communities, rented accommodation, improvised shelters, schools, public\nbuildings, and open area informal settlements\u2014and the specific demographic of the IDPs themselves. Particularly\nvulnerable groups include single women or female-headed households, unaccompanied children or child-headed\n[households, people with disabilities, and the elderly (NRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/invisible-regional-displacement-crisis-triggered-sudan-conflict) 07/12/2023). Overcrowding and improvised shelters and\nsettlements are aggravating factors in terms of protection risks for the most vulnerable groups living in these\nspaces. In addition to the competition over scarce services and goods, the absence of safe and private personal\n[spaces leads to an exponential increase in protection risks, usually violence (IOM](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/iom-displacement-tracking-matrix-sudan-weekly-displacement-snapshot-15-2-january-2024) 04/01/2024).\n\nIn hard-to-reach settlements across **Central Darfur, East Darfur, South Darfur,** and **West Darfur**, more than 85%\n[of the Key Informants (KIs) reported a pervasive sense of insecurity (REACH](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-crisis-assessment-hard-reach-areas-west-darfur-sudan-september-2023) 23/11/2023, [REACH 27/12/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-crisis-assessment-hard-reach-areas-zalingi-central-darfur-september-2023)\n[REACH](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-crisis-assessment-hard-reach-areas-nyala-south-darfur-september-2023) [27/12/2023, REACH 27/09/2023). In Kassala, IDPs living in gathering sites such as school buildings fear](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-crisis-assessment-hard-reach-areas-east-darfur-sudan-september-2023)\n[being evicted. Some gathering sites lack doors and windows, resulting in IDPs having no privacy (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-inter-sectoral-needs-assessmemt-kassala-state-november-2023)\n27/12/2023). In Al Fao locality in Gedaref state, 60% of the interviewed IDPs reported a lack of access to shelter,\nalmost half of shelters being damaged, and overcrowded gathering sites. Furthermore, nearly half of the\nassessed IDPs reported that there is no safe place in the community, and a quarter said that there is a risk of\n[attack outside of the community (NRC 22/12/2023). In](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-al-fao-locality-gedarif-state-al-jazira-conflict-december-2023) **Sennar state**, 73% of the respondents indicated that they\n[do not have access to shelter (NRC 20/12/2023)](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-sennar-state-al-jazirah-conflict-december-2023)\n\n**Vulnerable people such as women, children, disabled people, and people with special needs are more prone to**\n**protection risk due to lack or inadequate shelter.**\nInadequate and unsafe shelter conditions have led to an increase in family separations among IDPs, particularly\naffecting children. In Gedaref State, for example, more than half of the respondents noted instances where\nchildren have been separated from their usual caregivers. Separated children are at increased risk of forced\nrecruitment or exploitation. Prior to the conflict, it was estimated that three to five percent of IDP children in\nSudan were unaccompanied. However, due to the ongoing conflict, which has resulted in involuntary family\n[separation and the loss of family members, these numbers are assumed to be much higher. (UNHCR 16/07/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/protection-brief-sudan-july-2023)\n[NRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-al-fao-locality-gedarif-state-al-jazira-conflict-december-2023) 22/12/2023).\n\nWomen and adolescent girls are at risk of sexual and gender-based violence, amongst other protection threats,\ndue to lack of shelter or inadequate shelter - such as shelter with no separated spaces for men and women. The\nGBV sub-sector in Sudan has reported a significant increase in the number of individuals requiring GBV services,\nrising from 3.1 million (pre-crisis) to 4.2 million. since April 15, 2023 The actual figures are likely higher, considering\nunreported cases in inaccessible areas. Most incidents occurred as women were fleeing, while others took place\n[in homes during armed attacks (UN Women 24/09/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-initial-rapid-gender-assessment-geographical-coverage-white-nile-blue-nile-darfur-red-sea-khartoum-states)\n\nInformation gathered from host communities in **White Nile** and **Red Sea** highlights that the majority of IDPs,\nespecially women and children, are residing in insecure receiving areas such as schools and urban centers. These\npublic locations expose them to elevated risk of sexual violence and harassment compared to those hosted in\n[people\u2019s homes (UN Women 24/09/2023). In Port Sudan,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-initial-rapid-gender-assessment-geographical-coverage-white-nile-blue-nile-darfur-red-sea-khartoum-states) **Red Sea state**, KIs reported that displaced families from\nKhartoum prioritized the safety, security, and privacy of women and girls when accessing shelter. These families\nchose to spend additional resources on renting separate housing in secure locations for women members of their\n[households (UN Women](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-initial-rapid-gender-assessment-geographical-coverage-white-nile-blue-nile-darfur-red-sea-khartoum-states) 24/09/2023). Simultaneously, men remained in public schools, clubs, and camps. This\napproach was further confirmed by IFRC\u2019s emergency appeal, highlighting that families prioritized the safe\nevacuation of women and children to reduce their exposure to sexual and gender based violence. This increased\n[risk is reported by women-led organizations in Sudan (UN Women](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-initial-rapid-gender-assessment-geographical-coverage-white-nile-blue-nile-darfur-red-sea-khartoum-states) 24/09/2023).\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NRC", - "confidence": 0.5846699476242065, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sennar state", - "confidence": 0.5219632983207703, - "start": 432, - "end": 434 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7650700807571411, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.939774751663208, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In both **Gedaref** and **Sennar** **states**, respondents highlight that women and girls lack safe haven within the\ncommunity, facing the risk of attacks when traveling outside the community or going to the market and latrines.\nFurthermore, in **Gedaref State**, 8% reported incidents of sexual violence against women and girls within their\n[homes (NRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-sennar-state-al-jazirah-conflict-december-2023) 20/12/2023, [NRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-al-fao-locality-gedarif-state-al-jazira-conflict-december-2023) 22/12/2023). Moreover, In **Gedaref, Sennar** and **Kassala states**, information\n[indicates that some facilities lack separate gendered facilities and latrines. (NRC](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-sennar-state-al-jazirah-conflict-december-2023) [20/12/2023, NRC 22/12/2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/nrc-rapid-needs-assessment-al-fao-locality-gedarif-state-al-jazira-conflict-december-2023)\n[OCHA 27/12/2023). In IDP camps in](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-inter-sectoral-needs-assessmemt-kassala-state-november-2023) **South Darfur**, many women and children endure physical violence and abuse,\n[including rape, killings, injuries, and various forms of social harassments (Network on Humanitarian Action](https://app.thedeep.io/projects/3930/tagging/sources/#/table)\n14/09/2023). Women and girls who sought refuge in **Kassala** **state** have reported harassment from SAF and RSF\nat checkpoints. Additionally, incidents of GBV were observed.\n\n**Education**\n\n**The conflict persists unabated and expanded to new areas, increasing the need for shelters and putting more**\n**strain on school infrastructures, further limiting learning spaces.**\n\nSudan has been witnessing a shortage of basic school infrastructure, notably classrooms, even before the the\nconflict in April 2023. According to UNICEF, only 60% of the available classrooms in government schools are\npermanent, with an average classroom-pupil ratio of 1:62. This resulted in overcrowded classrooms, open-air\n[classes under trees or children learning in unsafe and temporary classrooms (UNICEF](https://open.unicef.org/sites/transparency/files/2020-06/Sudan-TP4-2018.pdf) March 2019). Moreover, in\nmost of the IDP camps hosting displaced individuals, there is a lack of teachers and necessary learning facilities\n[to offer education for displaced children (JRS 05/07/2023; ECW](https://jrs.net/en/story/the-challenge-of-accessing-education-for-sudanese-refugees-in-chad/) 20/06/2023).\n\n**The ongoing conflict has led to the closure of schools and the repurposing of over 1,000 schools as shelters,**\n**[severely restricting educational access and impacting over 6.5 million children. (Education Cluster](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9dd5d771-e570-4ebe-93b8-5fb3b0348ac7/Education%20in%20Crisis%20following%20Sudan%20conflict%202023.pdf)**\n**10/11/2023).**\nThe ongoing conflict between RSF and SAF and their affiliate militia groups has destroyed shelter and\ninfrastructure, leading to increased displacements, and prompting many IDPs to seek shelter in schools. Schools\nhave been used as gathering sites in many states as they provide a better shelter option when compared to tents\nor open spaces.\n\nThe arrival of the displaced people in new areas, particularly those in neighboring states with less conflict, and\nthe subsequent occupation of more schools are among other factors that further limit the availability of spaces\n[for children to continue their education (UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2fa4a2c3-999f-4c28-a322-b165d337a678/Protection%20Brief%20-%20Sudan%20-%20September%202023.pdf) 10/10/2023). This situation also heightens concerns that many\nchildren will have no access to schools in the new academic year, exposing children to increased risk of a myriad\n[of child protection issues including child labor, child marriage and abuse (Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/schools-shut-exams-cancelled-war-shatters-sudans-education-sector-2023-08-10/) 10/08/2023). According to\nOCHA, over 5 million children residing in areas less affected by the conflict are awaiting confirmation from local\n[authorities regarding the reopening of classrooms (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-nine-months-conflict-key-facts-and-figures-15-january-2024) 15/01/2024).\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 1:** Estimated number of occupied schools. Source: IOM DTM Sudan Weekly Displacement Snapshot 17, 21 Jan 2024.\n\n**The absence of adequate shelter and associated displacement leads to the relocation of both students and**\n**teachers away from educational facilities, thereby reducing overall access to schools.**\nAs individuals continuously seek secure and stable housing, they frequently relocate away from educational\nzones, consequently limiting children's proximity to schools and educational resources. Likewise, teachers find\nthemselves compelled to shift from one place to another in pursuit of improved shelter amenities. This creates a\nmassive gap in terms of human resources in the education sector. The distance from schools coupled with\nabsence of educators and destroyed or damaged school infrastructure contribute to lack of access to education\n[in most parts of the country (OCHA 30/10/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f127b689-0f2e-4dc9-8dd4-e8cee33d2316/OCHA-SDN_Access_Situation_Report_Aug-September%202023.pdf)\n\nAt least 54% (10,400) of schools in conflict-affected areas had been shut down before the end of the last\n[academic year (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-six-months-conflict-key-facts-and-figures-19-october-2023) 19/10/2023). Despite concerted local efforts to resume school operations nationwide in\nNovember, numerous obstacles impeded the reopening process. These challenges included issues such as\ndelayed payment to teachers, a shortage of teachers, anticipated overcrowding resulting from displacements,\nand a multitude of classrooms/schools requiring repairs due to conflict-related damage and prolonged use as\n[shelters (UNICEF](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/41a353e1-7be0-43a7-b342-3956bc574e88/UNICEF%20Sudan%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%2012%20-%20October%202023.pdf) [21/11/2023). It is uncertain that areas affected less by the conflict can resume education (OCHA](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/)\n[accessed](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/) [05/11/2023; Education Cluster 23/10/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-keeping-children-safe-and-learning-advocacy-brief)\n\nThe lack of access to education will likely have longer-term effects, impeding children from achieving their full\n[academic potential (UNICEF](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/unicef-sudan-humanitarian-situation-report-no-11-1-30-september-2023) [20/10/2023; OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-six-months-conflict-key-facts-and-figures-19-october-2023) 19/10/2023). This will further increases the protection risks for\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sudan Weekly Displacement Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.9343390464782715, - "start": 17, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Estimated number of occupied schools", - "confidence": 0.6858615875244141, - "start": 7, - "end": 12 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM DTM", - "confidence": 0.9709736108779907, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8065783977508545, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9790251851081848, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children, exposing them to the risk of early marriage, child labor, trafficking, forced recruitment, and GBV,\n[including female genital mutilation (Education Cluster](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-keeping-children-safe-and-learning-advocacy-brief) 23/10/2023).\n\n**Possible steps forward**\n\nIn light of the complex issues stemming from internal displacement in Sudan, precipitated by the ongoing\nconflict, a set of strategic steps can be taken by humanitarian actors, donors and the government to tackle the\nshelter-related challenges. The following suggestions, derived from discussions with shelter partners and\nsecondary research, outline actionable steps toward fostering sustainable solutions and addressing the shelter\nneeds of displaced populations.\n\n\n - **Prioritization of cash assistance can facilitate the improvement and expansion of existing housing**\n**structures in communities sheltering IDPs. This approach encourages these communities to provide**\n**long-term accommodation for IDPs, fostering a more sustainable and supportive environment** . By\nconcentrating on enhancing existing infrastructure, substantial and better-quality shelter can be\nprovided for both IDPs and their host families. Direct financial support to host families to improve roofs,\nrooms, and windows, will help ensure a more stable living condition for all.\n\n - **Provision on rent money to the most vulnerable groups who often face severe resource limitations,**\n**like pregnant women and people with disabilities.** This approach can address the unique and additional\nchallenges that individuals encounter due to their specific vulnerabilities.\n\n - **Authorities and landlords can work together in creating long-term rent control agreements.** High\nrental costs force IDPs to seek alternative accommodations like camps and public spaces. By introducing\na rent control and monitoring system, housing would be more affordable. Regular review and\nadjustments in the strategy can contribute to creating a stable housing environment for displaced\nindividuals in the long run.\n\n - **Existing public infrastructures must be improved. Investment in infrastructure development is**\n**crucial, including improvements in water supply, sanitation, healthcare, and education in areas where**\n**IDPs have settled** . Collaboration between local and international entities is essential to support the\ngrowing population in hosting areas, especially considering that such investments may exceed Sudan\u2019s\n[fundraising capacity (UNHCR 30/01/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-country-refugee-response-plan-crp-january-december-2023#:~:text=Under%20the%20co%2Dleadership%20of,respond%20to%20the%20identified%20needs.)\n\n - **Increase the capacity of shelter facilities by enhancing existing school infrastructure, including**\n**expanding the buildings and providing additional furniture, to accommodate a greater number of**\n**students in a single school.** . Simultaneously, alternative public spaces that can be repurposed for\n[educational use can be explored (ISCG](https://www.cccmcluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-10/Sudan%20Guidance%20on%20IDP%20sites_September%202023_0.pdf) 24/09/2023).\n\n - **Fostering peaceful coexistence and social cohesion between IDP and host communities is important.**\nA comprehensive strategy would involve the implementation of community-based conflict prevention\nand resolution mechanisms. This would include training local leaders and promoting dialogue among\n[different groups (OHCHR 15/06/2023).](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/internaldisplacement/cfis/thematic-priorities/subm-thematic-priorities-sr-cso-nonviolent-peaceforce.docx)\n\n - **To ensure equal access to assistance, adopt a community-based and conflict-sensitive approach**\n**when aiding both IDPs and host communities.** This can enable IDPs and host communities to be involved\n[in the planning, execution and monitoring of assistance (UNDP](https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/sites/www.un.org.internal-displacement-panel/files/published_undp_submission_to_the_high_level_panel_on_internal_displacement_draft_june_12.pdf) 06/2020).\n\n - **The long-term strategy should also include fostering employment opportunities through job creation**\n**programs and vocational training initiatives** . By empowering both displaced populations and host\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communities economically, this approach can contribute to stability and diminish potential tensions\narising from competition over limited resources.\n\n - **Transition from recurring short-term emergency responses to sustainable development approaches** .\nInvestments must be directed towards establishing more permanent housing, improving public facilities,\nand implementing disaster risk reduction measures. This approach will enhance resilience and build\n[capacities to absorb cyclical shocks effectively (UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-country-refugee-response-plan-crp-january-december-2023#:~:text=Under%20the%20co%2Dleadership%20of,respond%20to%20the%20identified%20needs.) 30/01/2023).\n\n - **Explore opportunities for humanitarian and development nexus programming by utilizing multi-year**\n**flexible funding. This approach allows a sustainable response that can adapt to the evolving context**\n**and emerging crises** . Collaboration among multiple stakeholders, including various government levels,\nprivate sector, humanitarian, development, peace actors, and affected populations, can establish a\n[robust evidence base for planning durable solutions and designing response programs (Deliver Aid Better](https://www.deliveraidbetter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Sudan-PPTX.pdf)\n27/04/2023).\n\n### **Conclusion**\n\nThe shelter crisis in Sudan is alarming, with millions of people facing dire living conditions amid internal\ndisplacement and a shortage of resources necessary for targeted assistance. Factors like increased house rents,\nheavy rains, and flooding, which caused widespread damage to housing and infrastructure, compounded the\ncrisis. Additionally, long-standing conflicts over Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) rights, coupled with the\ndisruption of administrative services, have intensified tenure insecurity, hindering displaced populations\u2019 ability\nto secure their right to land and housing.\n\nThe secondary effects of the shelter crisis have far-reaching consequences, affecting both the physical and\nmental well-being of the population. Inadequate and overcrowded shelters contribute to the spread of diseases,\nwith cholera outbreaks reported. Mental health services, already scarce before the conflict, have now become\nnearly nonexistent, with poor living conditions posing significant risks to the displaced population's psychological\nwell-being and hindering their journey towards self-reliance. The persistent use of educational facilities as\nshelters has continued unabated with the increasing number of displacements, further restricting access to\neducation. Even if the relevant systems and authorities strengthen their support for education, this negatively\naffects both displaced people and host communities.\n\nA lack of a holistic approach to addressing shelter issues will worsen the humanitarian situation, adversely\naffecting both human lives and infrastructure. The recent secondary displacement in November and December\n2023 from the states of Aj Jazirah to Sennar, White Nile, Gedaref, and Kassala regions has brought to light\nsignificant challenges in obtaining adequate shelters. The majority of displaced individuals continue to live within\nthe host community, placing immense pressure on hosting households, many of whom struggle to secure\nlivelihoods to support the increased responsibilities. As aid and resources diminish due to the rising number of\ndisplaced persons in these areas, tensions escalate between IDPs and their host communities. This tension has\nthe potential to strain the peaceful coexistence between IDPs and host communities.\n\nUrgent and comprehensive efforts are needed to provide targeted assistance, tackle the underlying reasons of\ndisplacement, and ensure the well-being of the affected population. It is vital to initiate a thorough examination\nof the importance of shelter concerns right from the beginning of the response and to grasp the profound social,\ncommunal, and historical intricacies within Sudan This can help in mitigating potential risks and negative\nconsequences on other sectors as well. The international community must step up its support to alleviate the\nsuffering of the people in Sudan and work towards sustainable solutions to the shelter crisis.\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Disclaimer:** The contents of this report do not represent the official views or positions of USAID Bureau of Humanitarian\nAssistance (BHA), the United States Government or iMMAP Inc.\u2019s partners. Moreover, the boundaries, names and\ndesignations used in this report do not imply acceptance by iMMAP Inc.\u2019s donors and partners.\n\niMMAP Inc. visualizes data and does not create it, so the elements of the data are the responsibility of the data providers\nand no endorsement nor acceptance of it by iMMAP Inc., USAID BHA, or the United States Government can be\nassumed.\n\n\nClick on or scan the\n\nQR code to provide\nfeedback on this report\n\n\nSUDAN CRISIS | Shelter Thematic Report | 31 January 2024\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a20c9938-ef18-4b90-9440-5b714a1449fb/Sudan%20-%20Shelter%20Thematic%20Report%20310124%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_647/raw/doc_647_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_647/raw/doc_647_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0160b18efe0b7c07a7c85c259491b67f053ddde6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_647/raw/doc_647_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,254 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **KENYA**\n\n## **National Refugee Youth Consultation** Summary Report\n\n### **2nd \u2013 5th May, 2016**\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Table of Contents\n\n**Global Refugee Youth Consultations ............................................................................................. 2**\n\n\n**Background ................................................................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**Objectives and design .................................................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**Kenya National Consultation ........................................................................................................ 4**\n\n**National NGO Partner .............................................................................................................. 4**\n**Facilitators ............................................................................................................................... 4**\n**Interpreters ............................................................................................................................. 5**\n**Venue and Accommodation ...................................................................................................... 5**\n**Evening social activities ............................................................................................................ 5**\n\nBringing together host community and refugee youth .................................................................. **5**\n**National Consultation Structure................................................................................................ 6**\n**Main themes from Kenya Consultation ..................................................................................... 6**\n**Main Findings from Kenya Consultation .................................................................................... 7**\n**Perceptions and facts about refugees and youth ....................................................................... 7**\n\nWhy do these perceptions exist? .................................................................................................... **8**\n**Youth Visions for Participation: ................................................................................................ 8**\n\n\n**Identification and Prioritization of Needs and Issues ..................................................................... 9**\n\n\n**Recommendations, Solutions and Core Actions .......................................................................... 11**\n\n**Stakeholders Dialogue ............................................................................................................ 13**\n**Stakeholder dialogue structure ............................................................................................... 13**\n**Group presentations .............................................................................................................. 13**\n**Round table discussions ......................................................................................................... 13**\n**Key discussion points and outcomes ....................................................................................... 14**\n**Open Discussion (\u2018Open Mic\u2019) ................................................................................................. 14**\n**Next Steps/Future Action ....................................................................................................... 14**\n\n\n**Evaluations ................................................................................................................................ 15**\n\n**Final Participant Evaluation .................................................................................................... 15**\n**Lessons learned ...................................................................................................................... 15**\n**Challenges ............................................................................................................................. 15**\n**Strengths ............................................................................................................................... 15**\n\n\n**Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 15**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Global Refugee Youth Consultations**\n\n##### **Background**\n\nThe Global Refugee Youth Consultations (GRYC) were launched in July 2015 at the UNHCR-NGO\nConsultations in Geneva. A joint initiative of UNHCR and the Women\u2019s Refugee Commission,\nsupported by the Youth and Adolescents in Emergencies Advocacy Group (YAE) [1], the GRYC are\nsupported by a Coordinator, Project Officer and Advisory Committee (consisting of national and\ninternational NGOs, youth representatives and an independent youth expert).\n\nRefugee youth are often left out of activities and programmes organised by the UN, NGOs and other\norganisations. Youth have skills, capabilities, aspirations and needs that often go unrecognised and\nare not understood. There is a need to reach out and hear from them about the challenges they face,\ntheir visions and what support they need to shape positive futures. The consultations are providing\nopportunities for refugee youth to discuss issues that affect them with host country youth and\nrepresentatives from the United Nations, international NGOs, national NGOs and other organizations\nworking with youth in the country. The process aims to place youth at the centre of decision making\nprocesses that affect them and to recognize their potential. The target group for this project are young\nrefugees that fit the United Nations definition of \u2018Youth\u2019 which is all boys and girls, young women and\nyoung men between the ages of 15-24 years.\n\nThe consultations took place between November 2015 and June 2016. They included national level\nconsultations in Africa, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa. The \u2018National\nConsultations\u2019 were led by national NGOs from each country with UNHCR and an international NGO\npartner. Similar consultations were held with refugee youth in North America, Australasia and Europe.\nOpportunities to participate in smaller consultations and online were also provided through a\ndesignated toolkit and a Facebook platform. The process culminated in a global consultation in Geneva\nin June 2016 and participation by young people in the 2016 annual UNHCR-NGO Consultations, the\noverarching theme of which is Youth.\n\n##### **Objectives and design**\n\nUnderpinning the design of the national consultations are the four core objectives of the GRYC:\n\n\n1. To create structured spaces for young refugees to have a voice and engage in participatory\n\ndialogue with other youth and relevant stakeholders at local, national, regional and global levels\n\n\n2. To improve access for young refugees to local, national, regional and global youth alliances and\n\nnetworks\n\n\n3. To foster and support participation, leadership and empowerment opportunities for young\n\nrefugees\n\n4. To consolidate and channel the learning from the consultations into the development of\n\nguidelines and policy recommendations on youth-inclusive programming, to improve the\nhumanitarian sector understands of, and work with, young refugees\n\n\n1\nThe Youth and Adolescents in Emergencies Advocacy Group (YAE Group) includes representatives from more than 15\nhumanitarian organizations that are committed to achieving better outcomes for young people in humanitarian situations.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A participatory approach was used throughout. The session plans were developed by the GRYC\nCoordinator, in consultation with UNHCR and WRC. They were designed through a collaborative and\niterative process, including:\n\n- An extensive review of literature and other materials relating to consultations with youth,\ndisplaced populations and participatory research methods, in order to learn from previous\nexperience and to adapt relevant pre-existing models. [2]\n\n- The active input of a group of young refugees and asylum seekers during a two-day residential\nworkshop in Malta, in October 2015, organised in partnership with UNHCR Malta and a Maltese\nNGO, Organisation for Friendship and Diversity (OFD). The group consisted of males and females\nrepresenting the full age range of the global consultations (15-24 year olds), and five countries Libya, Somalia, Mali, Eritrea and Palestine.\n\n- Input into the development of the session plans and the content of the national consultations\nwas also sought from members of the GRYC Advisory Committee - in person with the Regional\nLeads representing Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America during a two-day meeting in Geneva, and\nby email and skype with the full GRYC Advisory Committee. [3]\n\n- A full pilot national consultation in Uganda that provided an opportunity to learn from the\nparticipants and adapt the approach and session plans accordingly.\n\n#### **Kenya National Consultation**\n\n##### **National NGO Partner**\n\nWorld Vision Kenya in partnership with UNHCR Geneva, the Women\u2019s Refugee Commission, UNHCR\nKenya, Film Aid, Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) hosted the\nGlobal Refugee Youth Consultation meeting with 28 refugee youth from Dadaab, Kakuma and urban\nrefugees in Nairobi. This took place in Nairobi at Corat Africa hotel in Karen. Unlike other countries\nthat have hosted the national consultations, Kenya decided to take a consortium approach and to\ninvolve a number of humanitarian and non-governmental organizations to collaborate around hosting\nthe consultation.\n\n\n**Facilitators**\nEach of the organisations in the steering committee provided a facilitator to run the different sessions.\nThis was matched to the different skill set within the organizing team. The lead facilitator, (Dennis),\nfrom DRC took on most of the sessions with the other three facilitators supporting during the small\ngroup sessions.\nThe youth got into groups of four during the first day, and after getting to know each other during the\nfirst sessions, the groups were then reorganised and the new groups were maintained throughout the\nconsultation.\n\n\n2\nSome examples of key resources accessed include: Youth Consultations for a Post-2015 Framework: A Toolkit. Youth in\nAction (2013); A Kit of Tools for Participatory Research and Evaluation with Children, Young People and Adults. Save the\nChildren Norway (2008); Listen and Learn: Participatory Assessment with Children and Adolescents. UNHCR (2012);\nCommunity Consultations Using Extended Dialogue Methodology. UNHCR (2010-11); Post 2015 Youth Engagement Event\nPlanning Kit. World Vision (2012); Considering Consulting? A Guide to Meaningful Consultation with Young People from\nRefugee and Migrant Backgrounds. The Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues (2007).\n3\nThe Advisory Committee Regional Leads include: World Vision (Africa); Save the Children (MENA); RET (Americas) and\nAPRRN (Asia-Pacific).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vision", - "confidence": 0.9159165620803833, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.9633174538612366, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Save the Children", - "confidence": 0.8286002278327942, - "start": 605, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RET", - "confidence": 0.6559411287307739, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Americas", - "confidence": 0.7536057829856873, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Interpreters**\nThe primary language used for the facilitation was English. We had one purely French speaking\nparticipant. For this reason, we had another participant act as a translator. Considering we did not\nhave time nor the funds to hire a translator, this worked well.\n\n\n**Venue and Accommodation**\nThe consultation was held between 2 - 5 May, 2016 at Corat Africa in Karen. The same venue was used\nfor all the activities throughout the 4 days of consultations. All the participants from Nairobi, Kakuma\nand Dadaab regions were hosted in the same venue for the 4 days.\n\n\n**Evening social activities**\nThroughout the consultations, we had musicians, professional advisors on refugee matters, and social\ninfluencers come and spend time with the youth. The youth were also given opportunities to showcase\ntheir talents and play sports in the evening.\n\n\n**Dissemination, Application, and Selection Process**\n\n\nWe had Film Aid in charge of Dadaab refugee camp, NRC in charge of Kakuma refugee camp and DRC\nin charge of the urban refugees in Nairobi. World Vision Kenya was leading on the coordination with\nthe help of UNHCR Kenya. Each of the teams was responsible for recruiting as per the recruiting\nguidelines, and coordinating the logistics in each of the regions.\nThe guideline and the forms were printed out and distributed through the committee members in the\ndifferent regions. The interviews and selections were done at the camps\u2019 level and there was balance\nin terms of selection of the youth.\n\n\n**Youth Participant Profiles**\n\n\nIn total, 28 youth participated in the consultation and were between the ages of 16 \u2013 24 years with\none minor. There was representation from Congolese, Somali, South Sudanese, Burundians, Ethiopian,\nRwandese, Ugandan refugees and as well as host communities represented in the consultation.\nMost of the participants expressed similar concerns that cut across all the camps as well as the urban\narea. Amongst some of the issues raised were: lack of education, access to permits to run businesses,\nexclusion of people with a disability, and lack of equal opportunities for the refugee youth. Most of\nthe youth wanted to voice out the issues mentioned above, and were keen to meet with the\nstakeholders who would advocate for some of the issues they raised.\n\n\n**Bringing together host community and refugee youth**\nOne of the objectives of the\nnational consultations was to\nprovide an opportunity for refugee\nand host country youth to meet,\nexchange ideas, build friendships\nand alliances and establish\nconnections. It was hoped that, as\na result of the consultations,\nrefugee and host country youth\nwould gain a better understanding\nof the issues they face \u2013 as youth \u2013\nand that there would be\nopportunities for refugee youth to\nwork more closely with national\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "youth organisations. The consultation provided a space to share their ideas with humanitarian\nagencies and private sector policy bearers and decision makers. The Kenya group were asked the\nquestion on day one, \u201c _Why did we invite refugee and national youth to this consultation?\u201d_ The answers\nwere as follows: To have equal opportunities between the communities, to learn the challenges and\nexperiences from each other, to share solutions that are relevant for both communities.\n\n##### **National Consultation Structure**\n\nThe National Consultations have two components, with the same structure for all locations. The first\ncomponent is a three-day consultation with the selected youth (refugees and national youth) working\ntogether in small groups and plenary to be heard, develop ideas, build alliances and networks, and\ncontribute to improving work with young refugees globally. The second component is a half-day\n\u2018stakeholder dialogue\u2019 where participants share consultation outcomes and recommendations with\nkey local, national and international agencies and organisations and develop next steps for the postconsultation period\n\n\n\nThe Kenya Consultations agenda:\n\n**Day One**\n\n - Introductions and icebreakers\n\n - Overview, Objectives, Expectations,\nInformed consent and Ground Rules\n\n - Who am I? Activity\n\n**Day Two**\n\n\n\n**Day Three**\n\n - Solutions and what\u2019s our role?\n\n - Stakeholders Analysis & Design\nStakeholders meeting\n\n - Communicating our messages\n\n - Stakeholders Meeting Planning: Part 1\n\n**Day Four**\n\n\n\n\n- Who Are We? Activity\n\n- Youth Participation Part 1, 2 and 3\n\n- Identification of Needs and Issues\n\n- Diamond Ranking\n\n- Problem Tree Part 1 and 2\n\n\n\n\n - Youth Participation Part 1, 2 and 3 - Stakeholders Meeting Planning: Part 2\n\n - Identification of Needs and Issues - Rehearsal and Peer reviews\n\n - Diamond Ranking - Prep for Stakeholders meeting\n\n - Problem Tree Part 1 and 2 - Stakeholders Meeting\n\n - Group Action Plan \u2013 What Next?\n\n##### **Main Themes from Kenya Consultation**\n\nThe following is an overview and analysis of the key themes and issues that emerged during this\nconsultation:\n\n- **Youth with disabilities are not involved in decision making:** The youth with disabilities are not\nbeing given a chance to speak out on issues affecting them and the focus was only on the youth\nwho are not affected by any form of disability. The youth with disabilities are not a priority when\nit comes to addressing youth issues in the communities.\n\n- **Refugee youth lack access to quality education:** The refugee youth are being overlooked and\nmost emphasis is on helping the host community youth. Refugee youth are not considered a\npriority when it comes to giving access to quality education to improve on livelihood activities,\nand given gateways to job opportunities.\n\n- **Refugee youth are not involved in decision making and planning of youth program activities**\n**(idleness):** When it comes to advocating for youth matters, youth voices are not being listened to\nand taken seriously. They are not being given an audience to hear about issues that affect them\ndirectly.\n\n- **Refugee youth are not given equal job opportunities:** During hiring for employment, the refugee\nyouth are overlooked because they are not considered as employees who would stay for long and\nwill have to go back to their countries soon. The employers do not see them as a permanent part\nof the organisation and hence would go for a youth who is a resident of the community.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Main Findings from Kenya Consultation**\n\nThe following section provides a summary of the main points to have arisen in each session during the\nfour-day consultation with refugee youth in Kenya. The structure of each exercise is described and\nfollowed by the main findings:\n\n\n**Perceptions and facts about refugees and youth**\n\nThis exercise provided an opportunity for the participants to discuss, in small groups, the facts and\nperceptions associated with the words \u2018refugee\u2019 and \u2018youth\u2019 with their ideas recorded on flipchart\npaper and shared with the whole group.\nBelow are some of the quotes that\ncame out of the discussions:\n_\u201cBeing a refugee is not an identity but_\n_a situation\u201d_\n_\u201cYouths are active, talented and_\n_productive if they are given the_\n_opportunity \u2013 we are not given the_\n_opportunity.\u201d_\nIn these discussions, the following\nwords were used to describe the\nyouth:\n\n\n\n|PERCEPTIONS|FACTS|\n|---|---|\n|We are perceived as:
\uf0b7
Hopeless
\uf0b7
Dangerous people/violent
\uf0b7
No status
\uf0b7
Poor
\uf0b7
Dependent on aid
\uf0b7
Illiterate
\uf0b7
Irresponsible
\uf0b7
Lazy/Idle
\uf0b7
Drug addicts/users
\uf0b7
Immature
\uf0b7
Criminals/Gang members
\uf0b7
Immoral
\uf0b7
Responsible for the conflict
\uf0b7
Thieves
\uf0b7
Uniformed/uneducated
\uf0b7
Terrorists
\uf0b7
Unable to contribute anything
\uf0b7
Reliant on UNHCR
\uf0b7
Not capable of leading or contributing to
society
\uf0b7
No future for refugees|The truth is that we are:
\uf0b7
Victims/Innocent
\uf0b7
Capable of running businesses and
working
\uf0b7
Real people just like everyone else
\uf0b7
Hopeful
\uf0b7
Learned and educated
\uf0b7
Talented
\uf0b7
Peace makers
\uf0b7
United
\uf0b7
Social
\uf0b7
Hardworking
\uf0b7
Moral
\uf0b7
Creative
\uf0b7
Energetic
\uf0b7
Skilled
\uf0b7
Informed
\uf0b7
Not lazy
\uf0b7
Hard workers
\uf0b7
Busy trying making new things
\uf0b7
Trying to fight terrorism and drug abuse
\uf0b7
Respectful of other cultures
\uf0b7
Innovators
|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Perceptions and facts about refugees and youth", - "confidence": 0.6148868799209595, - "start": 56, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8936196565628052, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee youth", - "confidence": 0.8751909136772156, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Why do these perceptions exist?**\n\nThere is lack of awareness; cultural\nbeliefs; some terrorists happen to also be\nrefugees; war; revenge; lack of\ninvolvement at government/business\nlevels; because refugees are aliens;\nilliteracy; perceived as liars; past\nexperiences; refugees receive support\nfrom UNHCR hence they must be rich and\nhave money; refuges did not go to school;\nno one listens to refugees; high school\ndrop-out rate; youth are victims of\nattacks; misconceptions exist globally;\noutsiders think refugees are not talented\nand cannot contribute anything positive.\n\n**Youth Participation**\n\nThis exercise was structured around a set of three questions, which the young people voted on and\nthen discussed.\n\n**Question 1: Should NGOs and UNHCR listen/engage with youth in designing and planning their**\n**services and activities for refugee youth?**\nAll participants considered that it was important for NGOs and UNHCR to listen and engage with youth\nin designing and planning services and activities for refugee youth.\n\n**Question 2: Have you taken any steps to communicate with NGOs and the UN to talk about the**\n**issues you face?**\nIn response to this question, all youth voted yes.\n\n**Question 3: Do you feel it is easy to interact with NGOs and UNHCR to talk about what you face?**\n16 youth answered \u2018no\u2019, voicing the fact that they know where to find the NGOs and UNHCR offices\nbut mostly follow ups or even getting audience to voice their issues are part of the challenges.\n\n\n**Youth Visions for Participation:**\nIn the next stage of this session, the participants\nhad the opportunity to discuss in small groups\ntheir ideas and visions for youth participation and\nthen to present these ideas visually through\nposters. Ideas for youth participation included\nyouth-led talks, documentaries, and other\nopportunities to share their realities, experiences\nand to give \u2018clear and accurate information\u2019;\ndance and urban or street art to convey\nmessages; creating an organization or group that\nhelps new arrivals to access services;\nenvironmental protection activities; and\norganizing a festival.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Identification and Prioritization of Needs and Issues**\n\nEach group identified needs and issues that were important to them. Once they had identified them,\nthey then placed the most important ones in a \u2018diamond ranking\u2019 diagram. While all the issues that\nwere identified were important, the youth were then asked to rank the issues that they had raised.\nThis was an emotional session because most of the youth raised issues that were personal experiences\nto them and the individuals considered them just as important as any other issues raised. There was\na lot of back and forth on what the most important issues were and the youth came to a realisation\nthat by addressing one general issue, they could have a direct positive effect on other issues that they\nhad come up with. As the youth started to think about how all these issues were connected, there was\nconsensus on what the top issues were and that this could result in addressing other related issues.\n\nSome of the needs that were identified by the groups were opportunities; There was lack of equal\nrepresentation of the youth on education matters, which involved teacher allocation, scholarships\nprograms, education centres, provision of an ecosystem to engage in income generating activities,\nspace to apply for university, medical facilities, legal representation, access to work permits; lack of\nwork permits to start businesses, no freedom of movement, and religious barriers. Other issues\nidentified were female genital mutilation, human trafficking, environmental degradation, conflict and\nviolence, insecurity and idleness, early marriages, forced marriages and food insecurity.\n\n\n**Diamond Ranking**\n\nAfter the Needs and Issues identification, the youth placed their top 9 issues and/or needs in a\ndiamond ranking chart. The following is a summary of each of the identified issues:\n\n\n\n\n- Job opportunities x 2\n\n- Quality education x 3\n\n- Poor health/medical facilities x 2\n\n- SGBV/FGM x 4\n\n- Food security x 2\n\n- Resettlement\n\n- Insecurity x 2\n\n- Freedom of movement\n\n- Talent promotion\n\n- Basic needs and livelihoods\n\n- Police harassment and exploitation\n\n- Lack of involvement in decision making\nx 2\n\n\n\n\n- Integration\n\n- Long waiting periods for cases to be\nheard\n\n- Drug abuse\n\n- Inadequate shelter\n\n- Lack of information\n\n- Stigmatization\n\n- Religious issues/conflict\n\n- Idleness\n\n- Corruption\n\n- Tribalism\n\n- Humiliation\n\n- Discrimination\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some participants were very emotional about some issues discussed, especially the involvement of\npeople with disabilities, harassment, and humiliation when looking to get assistance from different\nagencies.\n\nGroup 1 had a member who is a person living with a disability. The group generally felt they wanted\nhis plight addressed but also the plight of all other people living with disabilities, in their communities.\nThe group felt that steps to involve youth in the process of making different decisions was in place,\nbut there is still a lot to be done when it comes to persons living with disabilities.\n\n\n**Identifying Causes and Impacts of Issues using Problem Trees:**\n\n\nThe Problem Trees were created flowing on from the diamond ranking charts, to highlight what each\ngroup perceived as their number one problem. The following is a summary of each group\u2019s problem\ntree:\n\n\n**Group 1**\n\n**Problem:** \u201cYouth with disabilities are not involved in decision making\u201d\n\n**Impacts:** Their opinions are disregarded. This leads to low self-esteem and vulnerability. They are\nconsidered beggars who are poor and lack the enthusiasm to become involved in income generating\nactivities. They are also considered hopeless.\n\n**Group 2**\n\n**Problem:** \u201cRefugee youth lack access to quality education and hence lack the adequate skills to get\nemployment\u201d\n\n**Impacts:** This hugely impacts youth morale towards achieving their dreams. They get into idleness\nand this yields a large population of youth who are engaged in gang activities and who are not\ninterested in positive living.\n\n**Group 3**\n\n**Problem:** \u201cRefugee youth are not involved in decisions making and planning of youth program\nactivities (idleness)\u201d\n\n**Impacts:** Danger of STD/HIV; SGBV: over reliance; drug abuse; theft; suicidal thought or acts; early\nmarriage; early pregnancy; violence; stress and deprivation; prostitution\n\n**Causes:** Lack of education; lack of employment; lack of empowerment; lack of talent promotion;\nlack of youth centers; stress and trauma; lack of self-esteem; lack of mentorship; hopelessness;\ngender discrimination; focus on resettlement; negative peer influence.\n\n**Group 4**\n\n**Problem:** \u201cRefugee youth are not given equal job opportunities\u201d\n\n**Impacts:** Idleness; stagnation/no growth in business; hopelessness and drug abuse; radicalization;\ndemoralization; hatred; stress and involvement in crime\n\n**Causes:** Corruption; lack of work permits; bias from some organizations; few available job\nopportunities; perceptions; stereotypes; restriction of movement\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Identifying Solutions using Storyboards**\n\nA follow up exercise on day three focused on how to tackle the root causes of these issues, finding\nsolutions, identifying the role of youth and other stakeholders in implementing that solution, and\nidentifying the impact of solutions on the lives of refugee youth.\n**Group 1** focused on the issue where _Youth with disabilities are not involved in the decision making._\nThe youth felt that persons living with a disability do not get a chance to voice their issues and are\nmostly overlooked when it comes to matter affecting the youth. The youth felt that persons living with\na disability are mostly considered uneducated and less qualified for work; that they are always needy\nand not productive.\n**Group 2** focused on the issue of _Refugee youth lack access to quality education._ The youth expressed\nthe fact that the camp sites are not a priority for the country when it comes to education matters.\nThis, as a result, leads to a lot of the youth in the camps having too little skills to even apply for a job.\nThe youth voiced that the system has completely neglected them and does not consider them\nimportant enough to be educated.\n**Group 3** focused on the issue of _Refugee not being involved in planning for youth programs._ Youth\nopinions are not being considered at all when the NGOs and humanitarian organisations are\ndeliberating on youth issues. They are considered without much critical thinking abilities to contribute\nto the discussions.\n**Group 4** focused on the issue of _Refugee youth not being given equal opportunities._ The refugee youth\nfelt that they are disregarded when it comes to opportunities in the work place, in education and other\nlivelihood opportunities. The host community youth took precedence when it comes to giving\nlivelihood opportunities. The employers, for instance, considered the refugee youth as nonpermanent employees and as people who would eventually leave soon.\n\n**Recommendations, Solutions and Core Actions**\nEach group was encouraged to generate solutions for the problems they identified in their Problem Tree.\n**Group 1 \u2013 Youth with disabilities are not involved in the decision making**\n\n - Valuing their ideas\n\n - Educating disabled people about their rights/generating awareness\n\n - Building a center for mentorship programs\n\n - Avoid discrimination\n\n - Creating facilities that are user friendly\n\n - Affirmative actions for people with disabilities\n\n - Decision making structures with advocacy for disabled people\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Group 2 \u2013 Refugee youth lack access to quality education**\n\n - Building universities in the camps\n\n - Bring schools closer to the communities\n\n - Advocacy for policy change\n\n - Construction of many schools and classrooms\n\n - Provision of loans to provide start up kits for businesses so that parents can be able to\nprovide scholarships for their children\n\n - Employing qualified personnel/teachers\n\n - Good and fair payment for teachers\n\n - Providing professional development for teachers\n\n - Proper control and management from parents, teachers, and the community at large to\novercome laziness, truancy and moral decay\n**Group 3 \u2013 Refugees youth are not involved in decision making and planning of youth program**\n**activities (idleness)**\n\n - Involvement of youth in identifying the needs\n\n - Creating job opportunities\n\n - Building rehabilitation centers\n\n - Building youth centers\n\n - Creating awareness\n\n - Creating more schools\n\n - Improving sport activities for youth/cultural activities\n\n - Create livelihood activities\n\n - Include youth in all processes of decision making\n\n - Provide tertiary education to youth\n\n - Strengthening youth leadership structures\n\n - Giving them opportunities to show case their talents at an international level\n\n - Raising the quality of education\n\n - Providing equipment and facilities for youth activities\n\n - Youth should be involved in all sectors of leadership e.g. Politics, education, welfare and\nfinance\n\n - Looking at the youth as pillars of innovation, development and change implementation\n\n - Forums between youth and the community\n**Group 4 \u2013 Refugees are not given equal opportunities**\n\n - Self-employment (innovations)\n\n - Allow refugees to work anywhere in Kenya and other countries\n\n - Integrate refugees who want to be Kenyan and give them jobs\n\n - Shorten the process of getting a work permit\n\n - Support livelihood activities that create employment for youth\n\n - Enhance and promote youth talents\n\n - Resettlement to countries with more job opportunities\n\n - Support education for the youth to become more competitive (both technical and\nprofessional)\n\n - Provide loans to youth who want to start businesses (factors of production)\n\n - Support peace initiatives in countries of origin for refugee youth to go back home and work\n\n - Give equal opportunities to youth\n\n - Introducing anti-corruption programs\n\n - Giving internship opportunities to youth to gain work experience\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Stakeholders Dialogue**\n\nThe stakeholder\u2019s dialogue was held from 2 pm to 6pm on Thursday May 5 [th] . Some of the organisations\nrepresented were:\n\n\n\n\n- NRC Kenya\n\n- Oxfam\n\n- World Vision Kenya\n\n- GIZ\n\n- World Vision Kenya\n\n- Mathare Youth Sports Association\n(MYSA)\n\n- RefugePoint International\n\n- KNOD Foundation\n\n\n\n\n- FilmAid\n\n- Refugee Consortium of Kenya (RCK)\n\n- AAHI\n\n- Danish Refugee Council (DRC)\n\n- UNHCR\n\n- UNHCR ambassador / Musician\n\n\n\n**Stakeholder dialogue structure**\nThe stakeholder\u2019s dialogue was held from 2 pm to 6pm on Thursday. This was to give time for the\nyouth to run through their presentations in the morning. The day started off at 8am with the youth\nrecapping on what they were to present to the stakeholders. This then fed into the afternoon session\nwhere the youth coordinated the day\u2019s schedule.\n\n\n**Group presentations**\nOn Wednesday evening the youth had already identified the issues that they were to present to the\nstakeholders. Each of the groups got a chance to present to the facilitators and get feedback on their\npresentation on the 4 [th] . The youth then got a chance to recap and practice their presentation on the\nmorning of the 5 [th] and have their thoughts fresh in their minds as they presented to the stakeholders\nin the afternoon. Each of the presentations lasted 5 minutes with each group presenting their issues\nin the way they saw best e.g. song, poems and skits.\n\n\n**Round table discussions**\nAfter the presentations from each of the groups, the participants went into the World Caf\u00e9, where\nthey got a chance to interact with the stakeholders. This was set up in a rotational basis where the\nstakeholders were allowed to go around the room to each of the groups and listen to the youth voice\nthe issues they had come up with throughout the consultations. The stakeholders also got a chance\nto ask questions and get feedback from the youth in the round table discussions. At the end of this\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "session, each of the stakeholders got a chance to interact with all the groups and the youth also got a\nchance to interact with each of the stakeholders present.\n\n\n**Key discussion points and outcomes**\nDuring the World Caf\u00e9 session, the youth got a chance to express themselves and voice out the issues\nthat they go through in their lives. The youth were very expressive because they knew that the right\npeople were in the room and were listening and responding to their plight. They also got feedback on\nwhat each of the stakeholders had in mind including some of the challenges and setbacks that the\norganisations go through. Some of the issues that were discusses were on access to education,\ninclusive dialogue with persons with disabilities, equal job opportunities for all the youth and access\nto business opportunities.\n\n\n**Open Discussion (\u2018Open Mic\u2019)**\nDuring the \u2018open mic\u2019 session, everyone in the room could speak out on what they thought about the\nentire consultation, what had been shared by the youth, and what was given as feedback from the\nstakeholders. During the open mic session, the stakeholders also got a chance to explain further some\nof the challenges that are present when it comes to addressing refugee matters. This was in response\nto what the youth raised as some of the main points they have. At the end of this session, the youth\ngot to understand the dynamics of how the organisations address refugee matters, and the challenges\nfaced. The youth also got a chance to point out some of the possible solutions to addressing the\nchallenges both organisations and youth face.\n\n##### **Next Steps/Future Action**\n\n\nIt became clear that both the youth and UNHCR/NGOs have challenges that need to be work around.\nDuring the \u2018what\u2019s your role\u2019 session, the youth were of the realisation that they also need to engage\nmore at their level and not necessarily wait for assistance from big organisations. It became clear that\neach person has a role to play and we should work with what we have as a start and combine our\nefforts for greater impact. We had youth leaders participating in the forum who committed to lead\nthe charge on engaging with the youth at the camp level. The organisations represented in the\nstakeholders meeting were open to getting guidance from youth who are actively engaged in the\ncommunities and receiving ideas they want to pursue. It was also clear that the youth need to have a\nplan of action ahead of time before engaging with the organisations present. The meaningful\nengagement of host communities into refugee programming came through a clear theme as well more\ndedicated youth programming. The youth themselves formed a WhatsApp group which is still active\nwith the aim of keeping in touch with one another and sharing information and ideas.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Evaluations**\n\n\n**Final Participant Evaluation**\nAt the end of day four, participants had the opportunity to share their opinions on the consultation,\nwhat they had learned and their suggestions and recommendations for future consultations through\na written evaluation form. This was an important tool for participants to provide anonymous,\nindividual feedback at the end of the consultation. Forms were translated and completed in French\nand English.\n\nThe written evaluation forms also provide targeted feedback on how well the participants felt they\nhad contributed to the core GRYC objectives and outcomes. Participants were given the intended\nGRYC outcomes and asked to comment accordingly: completely agree; mostly agree; partially agree;\ndo not agree. They were also given space to comment on each outcome. Over 95% of the participants\nwere happy with how the consultation went. One issue that was pointed out was on the translation\nmade to the French speaking participant who had felt somewhat left out during some of the sessions.\n\n\n**Lessons learned**\nThe lessons learned from each national consultation inevitably inform the next consultations. Below\nis a summary of the main strengths and challenges encountered in Kenya.\n\n\n**Challenges**\nThe time that was allocated to run the Kenya consultation was limited and reflected in some aspects\nof the workshops as it felt a bit rushed in places. Kenya needed more time to engage with partners\nfrom the three regions and conduct a comprehensive plan of activities at camp level. Short timing also\nimpacted on the youth who were selected to go to Geneva because of the visa processes that were to\nbe coordinated. Funding to run the Kenya consultation was minimal and hence presented challenges\nwhen it came to outsourcing services like translation to better include those who couldn\u2019t speak the\nlanguage that was used throughout the consultation.\n\n\n**Strengths**\nThe steering committee approach that the Kenya consultation took worked out well because the\norganisations involved brought different strengths to the table. Coordination was strong, and each\npartner worked on what they were responsible for which made it much easier to coordinate the\nactivities in each of the camps. Each organisation in the committee provided a facilitator, and hence\nhelped save on outsourcing costs for most of the activities. The comprehensive session plans provided\nby the GRYC team resulted in a lot of participation from the youth. This made it easier for the\nfacilitators to engage with the youth in a very guided and controlled way. We were also lucky to have\na group of very vibrant youth who were active and participated throughout the consultation.\n\n##### **Conclusion**\n\nThe Kenya consultation brought together youth from different ethnic backgrounds, with different\nexperiences and different education and skill levels to deliberate on issues that affect them. Most of\nthe issues brought up cut across all the camps and the youth shared common challenges. The youth\nalso brainstormed and came up with solutions that can work in any setting and that can be used in all\nthe three regions. Most importantly, the youth from the different camps got to share and learn from\neach other, and form connections that have potential to change their lives. The people who have the\nbest solutions are the ones who have experienced the issue. The GRYC provided youth an opportunity\nto directly interact with policy makers and present their issues for consideration from policy level\ndownwards.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03a5ac58-19a3-3c23-ba46-a1fde9211c53/Summary-Report-GRYC-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_648/raw/doc_648_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_648/raw/doc_648_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 76a9ce89cdc31b38a06a71c90e77f23a187318f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_648/raw/doc_648_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SUPPORTING CONTINUED ACCESS TO EDUCATION DURING COVID-19** **Emerging Promising Practices**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disrupted for [almost 1.6 billion children and youth as governments enforce total or partial](https://en.unesco.org/covid19)\nclosures of schools in efforts to contain the spread of the virus. Higher education institutions\nhave also suspended classes. As of late April, UNESCO estimates that 91% of those enrolled\nin formal education programmes have been affected.\n\nThe closure of schools, universities, technical and vocational training institutes has also\naffected refugee learners and students. In these challenging times, displaced and refugee\nstudents are at a particular disadvantage and there is a risk that progress in increased\nenrolment may be eroded. The suspension of school feeding programmes could affect the\nnutrition and health status of refugee children and youth. Lessons drawn from other pandemic\nresponses that included extended school closures have shown that girls are less likely to return\nto school and are at greater risk of falling behind [1] . As many governments move to at-home\nlearning modalities, many refugees are disadvantaged as they experience uneven access to\ndistance education and online learning opportunities and hardware, and do not have access to\nsupport services such as language classes.\n\nAs national governments and UNHCR operations respond to school closures and the impact\nof the pandemic on education, it is important to adopt a sequenced approach, first mitigating\nthe cessation of some of the protection and support services offered through schools such as\nschool feeding schemes, protection against violence, and mental health and psychosocial\nsupport programmes. Continued payment of teacher incentives and cash-for-education\nprogrammes is key to both protecting the education workforce, and continuing to support\nrefugees\u2019 livelihoods. The current phase of the response is focusing on supporting access to\ncontinued opportunities to learn and supporting teachers to adapt to new teaching modalities.\nIt is also important to begin preparing early for the re-opening of schools and resumption of\nactivities, possibly with physical distancing measures in place, acknowledging the practical\nchallenges that this poses in many of the contexts in which UNHCR works. Schools must be\nsafe to re-open and WASH facilities may need to be improved and additional handwashing\nopportunities introduced. Additional support may be needed for students who have fallen\nbehind; teachers may require support in disseminating public health messages and managing\nchildren and parents\u2019 anxiety after lock-down measures.\n\nUNHCR has a key role to play in advocating for and ensuring the inclusion of refugees in\nnational response plans to ensure the continuity of learning. Engagement with communities is\nalso key to understanding the extent to which refugees have access to the home-based\nlearning programmes introduced by governments. As this pandemic has the risk of deepening\nexisting inequalities in education, early action is needed \u2013 in coordination with other partners\n\n - to minimize the risk of refugee children and youth being left behind.\n\n\n[1 Hallgarten, J., Evidence on efforts to mitigate the negative educational impact of past disease](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/793_mitigating_education_effects_of_disease_outbreaks.pdf)\n[outbreaks, 2020](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/793_mitigating_education_effects_of_disease_outbreaks.pdf)\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Working in Partnership with National Governments**\n\n**JORDAN: Supporting national government initiatives to launch online learning**\n**platforms and build capacity to support virtual learning**\n\n**UNHCR** **Jordan** **Education** **Team** has The UNHCR Education team has been\nleveraged its existing work on connected working with the Jordanian Ministry of\neducation to provide support to the Ministry Higher Education to provide university\nof Education during the COVID-19 response faculty with professional development\nand in their roll out of two online learning focused on instructional design and the\n[platforms (Darsak and Noor Space) that allow](https://darsak.gov.jo/) delivery of online and virtual learning\nhost communities and refugees to have modalities. The first training session on\naccess to online learning opportunities. conducting student assessment online was\nUNHCR provided the Ministry with an Arabic attended by 50 professors, directors of eversion of the Kolibri platform, aligned with learning centers, and ministry officials.\nthe national curriculum, which will be hosted Further sessions will focus on student\non the Ministry\u2019s Noor Space platform. Both engagement and collaboration.\nDarsak and Noor Space have been zero-rated\nby mobile operators in order to remove\nfinancial barriers to accessing materials.\n\n\n**CHAD, MALI, NIGER: Coordination to support Ministry responses**\n\nIn **Chad**, the Education Cluster, of which environment, and to prepare for re-opening\nUNHCR is an active member, is supporting of schools.\nthe Ministry of Education (MoE) in the\ndevelopment of a comprehensive response **UNHCR Niger** is closely working with the\nplan to COVID-19 in the education sector. Education Cluster and the MoE to identify\nCollaboration and coordination are being and implement measures to ensure\nstrengthened with the Ministry of Education continuity of education to children during the\nand others Local Education Group members school closure period and with the regional\nto ensure that refugees and IDPs are included authorities in charge of Child Protection to\nin the ongoing response to COVID-19. ensure that the needs of the refugee and\n\ndisplaced children are met. A contingency\n\n**UNHCR Mali** is playing an active role in the plan is underway to start producing quality\ndecision making, elaboration and rapid educational content such as self-learning\nexecution of a MoE-led national education programmes and booklets for students in\nstrategy for COVID-19 response. The their final years, for distance education in all\nstrategy aims to ensure the continuity of regions.\nlearning in a protective and inclusive\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **about Opportunities for Learning**\n\n\n\nThe **[Jordan operation\u2019s web-based \"Support](https://help.unhcr.org/jordan/)**\n**[Center\"](https://help.unhcr.org/jordan/)**, provides refugees and asylum\nseekers with information about services\noffered by UNHCR and its partners, including\nbasic information on registration,\nresettlement, health, protection, and\neducation. Information on the website has\nbeen updated to include information on the\ndistance and home-based learning solutions\noffered by the Jordanian Ministry of\nEducation and how refugees can access\nthem.\n\n\n\nIn **Mexico** UNHCR shared information on\naccess to education services and how\nchildren and youth can continue their\n[education through social media posts.](https://twitter.com/AcnurMexico)\n\n\n## **Supporting Access Online Educational Programmes and Resources**\n\nAs governments around the world begin to introduce distance learning programmes using\nbroadcast technology (radio and television) and online learning programmes there is a risk that\nrefugees and persons of concern who do not have access to either connectivity or the required\nhardware to access these services may be left behind.\n\n**UGANDA: Expanding and adapting existing connected education programmes with**\n**the support of Education Cannot Wait**\n\nSince 2018, **UNHCR Uganda** has been hosted on a government server and the site\nimplementing a connected education can be accessed through free Wi-Fi\npartnership project with a grant from connectivity offered by MyUG hotspots in\nGoogle.org, Learning Equality, Hewlett Kampala and Entebbe.\nPackard (HP) and Education Cannot Wait\n(ECW) to provide teachers and learners with As part of its COVID-19 response, ECW has\naccess to open online educational resources generously provided funding to UNHCR in\nusing the Kolibri platform which is adapted to order to provide refugee learners and select\nlow-resource and low-connectivity contexts. teachers with tablets which will be preThe Kolibri platform provides access to loaded with content to support upperScience, Technology and Mathematics secondary learners preparing for national\n(STEM) and life skills content that is aligned examinations.\nwith the national curriculum. The platform is\n\n\n**EGYPT: Using cash assistance for increased data connectivity to allow access national**\n**educational resources**\n\nThe decision of the Government of Egypt to spaces and instead utilizing online education\nclose schools and higher education resources on Ministry of Education learning\ninstitutions resulted in approximately 25 platform, including the Education Knowledge\nmillion children and youth, including refugee Bank.\nstudents, no longer attending classes in\nschools, university campuses or community\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "phone survey targeting 3,000 refugee\nfamilies who were receiving education grants\nto facilitate their children\u2019s enrolment in\neducation. Many reported that they were\nunable to afford the costs of data\nconnectivity to access online learning\nresources and online examinations at the end\nof the academic year.\n\nIn order to address this, UNHCR Egypt\u2019s\nEducation Unit agreed with the partner\nCatholic Relief Services that existing funds\nallocated for transportation allowances to\nenable refugee children to attend remedial,\nextracurricular activities and language classes\nwould be repurposed and paid to families to\nenable them to purchase the required\n\n\n\nservice provider to support access to online\nlearning and examination activities.\n\n\n## **Distribution of Educational Materials and Resources to Support** **Home-based Learning**\n\n**NIGER: Distribution of school materials and radios**\n\nIn collaboration with the Ministries of Nigerian refugees attending the Distance\nPrimary and Secondary Education and Education Centers in Diffa.\nUNICEF, **UNHCR Niger** will procure and\ndistribute small materials (pencils, notebooks) With the support of UNHCR and other\nand radios to enable children to follow partners, the Ministry of Health is also\neducational programmes. Self-learning collaborating with Studio Kalangou, which\nprogrammes and booklets will be produced broadcasts daily programmes via more than\nfor students in their final years and for 300 community radios across the country.\n\n\n\nIn collaboration with the Ministries of Nigerian refugees attending the Distance\nPrimary and Secondary Education and Education Centers in Diffa.\nUNICEF, **UNHCR Niger** will procure and\ndistribute small materials (pencils, notebooks) With the support of UNHCR and other\nand radios to enable children to follow partners, the Ministry of Health is also\neducational programmes. Self-learning collaborating with Studio Kalangou, which\nprogrammes and booklets will be produced broadcasts daily programmes via more than\nfor students in their final years and for 300 community radios across the country.\n\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN: Distribution of self-study packs**\n\n**UNHCR South Sudan** and its education measure against COVID-19. Partners have\npartners are distributing self-study packs to designed simple but effective distribution\nrefugees to facilitate continuity of learning protocols to ensure the safety of students\nduring the school closure as a precautionary receiving the packs.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR South Sudan** and its education measure against COVID-19. Partners have\npartners are distributing self-study packs to designed simple but effective distribution\nrefugees to facilitate continuity of learning protocols to ensure the safety of students\nduring the school closure as a precautionary receiving the packs.\n\n\n**GHANA: Keeping children and youth studying by providing e-readers and TV sets**\n\nPrior to COVID-19 outbreak, **UNHCR Ghana** These e-readers have been made available to\nprocured 350 e-readers from Worldreader school children during school closure. Small\nfor all the camp and host community schools. groups of children meet in identified ICT\n\n\n\nThese e-readers have been made available to\nschool children during school closure. Small\ngroups of children meet in identified ICT\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "phone survey", - "confidence": 0.9887711405754089, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7594118714332581, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.9573912024497986, - "start": 6, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support of 20 volunteer teachers (in three\ncamps) and four DAFI students in Krisan\ncamp. Volunteers teach children to wash\ntheir hands with soap under running water\nbefore entering the centers and make sure\nthat social distancing seating arrangements\nare placed.\n\nIn addition, the Education Team in Ghana is\nworking to ensure that all ICT centers in the\ncamps have an internet connection, to enable\nthe largest possible number of school\nchildren access to e-readers for online\nlearning, while respecting social distancing\nprotocols.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Education is planning to\nbroadcast educational live distance learning\nprogrammes through the national television\nchannel, however most households in camps\ndo not have television sets. The Education\nTeam in Ghana is planning on procuring 10\n\n\n\ntelevision sets and decoders that will be\nplaced at various points where students can\ngather in small groups \u2013 following social\ndistancing protocols \u2013 so they can follow live\nlessons during this period.\n\n\n\n**INDONESIA: Learning continues through instant messaging**\n**and video-conferencing applications**\n\nSince 14 March, the Indonesia Government At present, WhatsApp is the most widely\nhas suspended all classes including non- used application by both students and\nformal education activities, and has switched teachers. Students access online learning\nto distance learning delivered through free materials with the support of volunteer\nonline educational platforms, radio and TV teachers who prepare and share learning\nlesson broadcasting. The Ministry of materials in different forms (voice notes,\nEducation is also collaborating with three videos, student worksheets) via WhatsApp\nmajor telecommunications operators to study groups. These groups are formed by\nprovide free internet data to access online students and volunteer teachers who daily\neducation platforms. The government has report on student attendance and study\nalso advised higher education institutions to activities conducted. Partner staff are also\narrange distance learning-based courses for part of the WhatsApp groups to monitor the\nall higher education students. activities and provide assistance where\n\nneeded.\n\nMost of the learning centers established by\n**UNHCR Indonesia** and its education partners\nhave moved to distance learning modalities\nusing instant messaging and videoconferencing applications such as WhatsApp,\nZoom and YouTube.\n\n\n\n\n|A Zoom class and a testimony from a refugee teacher|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|



|||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report on student attendance", - "confidence": 0.9323269724845886, - "start": 307, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7460950613021851, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Indonesia", - "confidence": 0.84146648645401, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "higher education students", - "confidence": 0.7957395315170288, - "start": 340, - "end": 343 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BURKINA FASO, CHAD, MALI: ECW funds helps strengthen prevention and**\n**response measures to COVID-19**\n\n**UNHCR Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali** have rehabilitation of WASH facilities for students,\nsecured funding from Education Cannot Wait teachers and school staff and teacher training\n(ECW) to support the COVID-19 emergency in hygiene and health security that will be\nresponse. This funding enables the conducted in close collaboration with the\noperations to make further efforts and scale Ministries of Education and Health. Regular\nup activities such as distance learning monitoring of schools for safe practices,\nprogrammes and other educational support awareness sessions and \"back to school\"\nand continue to pay community teachers campaigns will be also organized.\nworking in camp-based schools.\n\nThese funds are also expected to be used to\nsupport the school reopening through the\n\n\n## **Using Radio and Television Broadcasts to Support** **Home-Based Learning**\n\n**KENYA DADAAB: Supporting teachers to broadcast lessons**\n**using community radio station**\n\nSchools in **Kenya** have been closed, including\nthose in refugee camps. In the Dadaab camp,\nhome to over 200,000 refugees, community\nradio is being used to help ensure that\nchildren do not miss out on learning. Refugee\nteachers are preparing and presenting\nlessons for children that are based on the\nnational curriculum.\n\nUNHCR Kenya is also supporting refugees\nand host communities through partnership\nwith the Ministry of Education and Kenya\nInstitute of Curriculum Development to air\nthe national radio education programmes on\nlocal and community radio stations in both\nKakuma and Dadaab. Amina, Somali refugee teacher, gives an English lesson to grade five pupils over\n\nthe community radio at Dadaab camp in Kenya.\n\n\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN: English, Math and Science lessons are almost ready to go on air**\n\n**UNHCR South Sudan** is also supporting the lessons in key subjects (English, Maths and\nnational Ministry of General Education and Science) that will be broadcasted in the local\nInstruction (MoGEI) initiative to develop radio stations.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UGANDA: Refugee teachers leading the way**\n\nIn **Uganda**, during 2019, UNHCR worked\nclosely with SESEMAT (Secondary Science\nand Mathematics Teachers Training\nProgramme) to train teachers on the use of\nonline learning materials.\nThese teachers have become \u201cchampion\nteachers\u201d and since the shutdown of schools\nand introduction of new teaching modalities\n\n\n\nIn **Uganda**, during 2019, UNHCR worked they have been sharing guidance on how to\nclosely with SESEMAT (Secondary Science make use of the Kolibri platform through\nand Mathematics Teachers Training WhatsApp groups for teachers. In addition,\nProgramme) to train teachers on the use of several teachers who benefited from this\nonline learning materials. training have appeared on national television\nThese teachers have become \u201cchampion programmes to train and guide teachers on\nteachers\u201d and since the shutdown of schools the use of online learning materials and how\nand introduction of new teaching modalities the platform works.\n\n\n**Continued payments of teacher incentives and student fees during school closures**\n\nIn a number of UNHCR operations ( **Burkina** without a salary. The continued payment of\n**Faso,** **Chad,** **Guinea,** **Liberia,** **Malawi,** student fees is crucial to achieving positive\n**Mauritania** **and** **Mozambique** ) teacher outcomes for both learners and teachers. By\nincentives will continue to be paid during the paying student fees for refugee children and\nclosure of schools. This support helps retain youth whose families could not afford them,\nteachers and provides continuity of income UNHCR ensures not only access to learning\nduring times when many other livelihoods materials (either online or paper-based) and\nopportunities have ceased. the retention of refugee learners when\n\nschool is resumed, but helps teachers keep\n\nEven as schools are closed, **UNHCR Somalia** their livelihoods by ensuring that their\nis continuing to pay monthly fees for school incentives and salaries continue to be paid.\nstudents at both primary and secondary\nlevels to ensure that school teachers and\ntheir families are not at risk of going home\n\n\n\nwithout a salary. The continued payment of\nstudent fees is crucial to achieving positive\noutcomes for both learners and teachers. By\npaying student fees for refugee children and\nyouth whose families could not afford them,\nUNHCR ensures not only access to learning\nmaterials (either online or paper-based) and\nthe retention of refugee learners when\nschool is resumed, but helps teachers keep\ntheir livelihoods by ensuring that their\nincentives and salaries continue to be paid.\n\n\n## **Refugee Communities Actively Engaged in Supporting** **the Fight Against COVID-19**\n\n**CHAD: Everyone plays their part in ensuring learning is not stopping**\n\n**Chad** currently does not have a national homework exercises which are corrected\ndistance learning programme. But this has not each week, while in the south, provincial\nstopped the whole community from coming committees have set up distance learning\nup with initiatives that keep children and programmes such as radio lesson\nyouth learning. These initiatives vary broadcasting. In urban areas, youth training\ndepending on the geographical areas, as the continues via WhatsApp and planning for\ngeographic coverage of radio, mobile home-tutoring is underway so as to help\ntelephone and internet access varies and refugee learners prepare for the national\naccess is expensive. examination this year. All these initiatives are\n\ntaken in close collaboration with the local\n\nIn the refugee camps in eastern Chad, Parent education authorities and their purpose is to\nTeacher Associations (PTAs) have organized revise the school programme already carried\nthemselves to provide students with out in the classroom.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **of the COVID-19 response**\n\nOne of the key features of the DAFI programme is community service and encouraging\nscholarship holders to \u201cgive back\u201d to their communities. In a number of countries current\nscholarship holders and DAFI alumni are active in the fight against COVID-19.\n\n**[In Iran, Moheyman, a DAFI graduate](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/4/5e8c3ab84/refugee-nurse-line-against-coronavirus-iran.html)**, is hospital for treatment and medial isolation\nworking around the clock to assist Iranians while awaiting test results. Moheyman is an\nand fellow refugees amid COVID-19 crisis. Iraqi refugee who was able to pursue his\nMoheyman is part of a team of dedicated higher education studies and obtain a\nnurses working tirelessly on rotation to treat qualification as a nurse with the support of\nand monitor patients with COVID-19 UNHCR\u2019s DAFI scholarship programme.\nsymptoms who have been admitted to\n\n\n_**\u201cI remember people telling me that, because I was a refugee, I shouldn\u2019t dream to go to university**_\n_**and instead focus on learning an easier trade. But I wanted to make a difference in people\u2019s lives.\u201d**_\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "medical internship at Kenyatta National\nHospital in Nairobi, and working night and\nweekend shifts to care for COVID-19\npatients. Bahati is from Rwanda and received\na DAFI scholarship that enabled her to study\nnursing.\n\n\n**Youth-led COVID-19 campaign: Global Youth Advisory Council and Tertiary Refugee**\n**Student Network**\n\nAlthough emergency situations like the using short self-recorded video messages,\nCOVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate the amplifies positive narratives, encourages\nstigmatization and exclusion of foreigners, others to share how they are helping their\nincluding refugees and asylum seekers, the communities, and at the same time informs\ncurrent situation also holds the potential to and inspires young refugees to safely take\nhighlight how refugees positively contribute action.\nto their own as well as host communities.\n\n**Members** **of** **UNHCR\u2019s** **Global** **Youth**\n**Advisory Council (GYAC) and the Tertiary**\n**Refugee Student Network (TRSN)** have\ncome together to raise awareness of\nrefugees\u2019 positive contribution during the\ncrisis. Their global social media campaign,\n\n\nFor more information and enquiries, please contact:\n\n\n**UNHCR, Education Section**\n\nUN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark\nhqeduc@unhcr.org\n[www.unhcr.org/education](http://www.unhcr.org/education.html)\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / April 2020 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dbc76173-98c8-3b5e-b9e1-b81fc92f6e38/Supporting%20Continued%20Acess%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_649/raw/doc_649_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_649/raw/doc_649_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 48326655dc43ab0a22ebf558a3a205dd0306ef98..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_649/raw/doc_649_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,254 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n# **Supporting \r Durable \r Solutions** **in \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Myanmar**\n\n## **A \r framework \r for \r UNHCR \r engagement**\n\n\n**1.** **INTRODUCTION**\n\nMyanmar \r is \r currently \r undergoing \r a \r process \r of \r significant \r and \r rapid \r change, \r which \r has\nalready \r generated \r a \r series \r of \r political, \r social \r and \r economic \r reforms \r affecting \r all \r aspects\nof \r life \r in \r the \r country. \r The \r reforms \r launched \r by \r the \r president \r Thein \r Sein \r and \r largely\nsupported \r by \r the \r opposition \r leader \r Aung \r San \r Suu \r Kyi \r have \r received \r strong \r and \r positive\nencouragements \r from \r abroad \r with \r the \r most \r immediate \r outcome \r reflected \r in \r increased\nforeign \r aid \r and \r the \r temporary \r suspension \r of \r a \r number \r of \r economic \r sanctions. \r Key \r legal\namendments \r have \r been \r adopted \r to \r ease \r restrictions \r on \r foreign \r investments, \r national\nmedia \r and \r political \r parties \r while, \r in \r addition, \r hundreds \r of \r political \r prisoners \r have \r been\nreleased \r from \r detention.\n\nIn \r late \r 2011, \r President \r Thein \r Sein\u2019s \r Government \r pledged \r to \r make \r the \r ethnic \r issue \r a\nnational \r priority, \r offering \r dialogue \r with \r all \r armed \r groups \r and \r dropping \r preconditions\nfor \r talks. \r By \r early \r 2012, \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fires \r were \r agreed \r between \r the \r Government \r and \r a \r number\nof \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r opposition \r groups, \r including \r the \r Democratic \r Karen \r Buddhist \r Army\n(DKBA), \r the \r Karen \r National \r Union \r (KNU), \r and \r the \r Karenni \r National \r Progressive \r Party\n(KNPP).\n\nHowever, \r two \r serious \r internal \r conflicts \r still \r remain. \r Following \r two \r waves \r of \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r violence \r in \r the \r western \r state \r of \r Rakhine \r in \r 2012, \r over \r 150 \r persons \r were\nkilled \r and \r over \r 115,000 \r people \r were \r displaced. \r In \r the \r northern \r states \r of \r Kachin \r and\nShan, \r the \r conflict \r with \r the \r Kachin \r Independence \r Army \r continues; \r fighting \r flared \r up \r in\nJune \r 2011 \r breaking \r a \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r that \r held \r for \r 17 \r years. \r Despite \r repeated \r attempts \r to\nnegotiate \r a \r new \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r agreement, \r no \r peace \r solution \r has \r been \r reached \r between \r the\nparties \r and \r the \r fighting \r has \r so \r far \r resulted \r in \r the \r displacement \r of \r an \r estimated \r of \r about\n85,000 \r persons \r scattered \r in \r more \r than \r 194 \r locations.\n\nAlthough \r the \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r agreements \r have \r not \r led \r yet \r to \r durable \r peace \r accords, \r the\nsituation \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East, \r where \r the \r number \r of \r Internally \r Displaced \r People \r (IDPs) \r in\nUNHCR\u2019s \r area \r of \r operation [1] is \r estimated \r to \r be \r about \r 230,400 \r people, \r has \r started \r seeing\nchanging \r dynamics. \r From \r the \r moment \r when \r the \r new \r civilian \r Government \r started \r to\n\n1 UNHCR\u2019s \r area \r of \r operation \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r currently \r consists \r of \r Kayin, \r Kayah, \r and \r Mon \r States, \r and\nTanintharyi \r and \r Bago \r Regions.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nmake \r efforts \r towards \r an \r internal \r peace \r process \r with \r armed \r groups \r in \r the \r border \r areas,\nparallel \r debates \r emerged \r about \r the \r opportunity \r to \r return \r for \r over \r a \r hundred \r thousand\nrefugees \r from \r the \r \u201ctemporary \r shelters\u201d [2] in \r Thailand.\n\nWhile \r the \r present \r and \r immediately \r expected \r environment \r in \r Myanmar \r does \r not \r meet \r all\nthe \r conditions \r or \r safeguards \r for \r an \r organized \r return, \r the \r changing \r environment \r makes\nit \r prudent \r that \r measures \r are \r initiated \r to \r prepare \r for \r any \r possible \r voluntary \r repatriation\nof \r refugees \r as \r well \r as \r the \r return, \r local \r integration \r or \r voluntary \r resettlement \r to \r another\npart \r of \r the \r country \r of \r IDPs \r in \r Myanmar. \r Any \r preparations, \r however, \r should \r be \r initiated\nwith \r due \r caution \r so \r as \r not \r to \r send \r the \r wrong \r \u201cmessage\u201d \r to \r the \r Government, \r non-\u00ad\u2010state\narmed \r groups, \r IDPs, \r refugees \r or \r partners \r that \r return \r is \r being \r encouraged \r or \r promoted\nat \r this \r stage.\n\nThis \r Discussion \r Paper \r seeks \r to \r articulate \r a \r broad \r framework \r which \r should \r guide\nUNHCR\u2019s \r engagement \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r in \r 2013-\u00ad\u20102015, \r and \r in \r particular, \r to \r define \r the\nparameters \r of \r UNHCR\u2019s \r role \r in \r supporting:\n\n\ni. durable \r solutions \r for \r IDPs; \r and\nii. the \r sustainable \r reintegration \r of \r returning \r refugees.\n\nIt \r builds \r upon \r a \r separate \r discussion \r paper \r dated \r 1 \r October \r 2012, \r which \r sets \r out \r a\nframework \r for \r voluntary \r repatriation \r for \r Myanmar \r refugees \r from \r Thailand. \r The \r papers\nshould \r form \r the \r basis \r of \r a \r more \r detailed \r operational \r strategy \r for \r 2013-\u00ad\u20102015, \r and \r should\nalso \r serve \r as \r the \r first \r step \r towards \r a \r consultative \r multi-\u00ad\u2010stakeholder \r process, \r engaging\nGovernment, \r civil \r society, \r UN \r and \r NGO \r partners, \r donors \r and \r refugees \r and \r IDPs\nthemselves, \r to \r elaborate \r a \r shared \r vision \r and \r strategy \r for \r support \r to \r durable \r solutions \r in\nthe \r South-\u00ad\u2010East. \r The \r document \r outlines \r UNHCR\u2019s \r general \r principles \r and \r standards \r as\nwell \r as \r context-\u00ad\u2010specific \r objectives \r and \r activities.\n\n\n**2.** **CONTEXT**\n\n\n**2.1. \r Political \r environment**\n\nDespite \r the \r positive \r developments \r outlined \r above, \r considerable \r uncertainty \r remains\naround \r whether \r the \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r agreements \r will \r lead \r to \r durable \r peace \r accords. \r There\nwere \r a \r number \r of \r clashes \r between \r armed \r groups \r and \r the \r Myanmar \r army \r reported \r in\n2012 \r in \r Shan, \r Kayah \r and \r Kayin. \r Trust \r in \r the \r Government \r is \r yet \r to \r be \r built \r in \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire\nareas, \r after \r a \r long \r history \r of \r human \r rights \r abuses. \r Developments \r in \r relation \r to \r the\nconflict \r in \r Kachin \r will \r also \r play \r a \r role \r in \r influencing \r the \r prospects \r for \r peace \r elsewhere.\nPeace \r agreements \r will \r involve \r decisions \r on \r how \r best \r to \r share \r revenues \r from \r the \r natural\nresources \r in \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r areas, \r how \r much \r to \r devolve \r political \r and \r economic \r authority \r to\nthe \r regional \r level, \r as \r well \r as \r how \r to \r maintain \r ethnic \r culture \r and \r language. \r Negotiations\nhave \r been \r and \r will \r continue \r to \r be \r extremely \r complex \r and \r the \r trajectory \r of \r the \r process\ntherefore \r remains \r uncertain.\n\nWhile \r all \r the \r conditions \r and \r safeguards \r for \r an \r organized \r voluntary \r return \r to \r South-\u00ad\u2010East\nMyanmar \r are \r not \r yet \r in \r place, \r positive \r political \r and \r economic \r reforms \r and \r security\ndevelopments \r have \r increased \r momentum \r for \r preparing \r for \r a \r possible \r voluntary \r return\nof \r refugees \r from \r Thailand \r and \r durable \r solutions \r for \r people \r internally \r displaced \r as \r a\nresult \r of \r protracted \r conflict. \r A \r small \r number \r of \r refugees \r are \r reported \r to \r have \r returned\n\n\n2 \u2018Temporary \r shelters\u2019 \r is \r the \r Royal \r Thai \r Government \r term \r used \r to \r identify \r the \r refugee \r camps \r along \r the\nborder.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nfrom \r the \r temporary \r shelters \r in \r Thailand \r to \r their \r place \r of \r origin, \r the \r majority \r of \r whom\nare \r single \r males \r who \r stated \r that \r they \r had \r returned \r to \r assess \r the \r security \r situation \r and\nstart \r re-\u00ad\u2010establishing \r their \r livelihood \r before \r the \r return \r of \r other \r family \r members. \r The\ndimensions \r of \r this \r spontaneous \r return \r movement \r have \r been, \r so \r far, \r negligible.\n\nWhile \r the \r dimensions \r of \r IDP \r return \r movements \r remain \r extremely \r difficult \r to \r assess,\nsome \r 37,000 \r IDPs \r are \r estimated \r by \r the \r The \r Border \r Consortium \r (TBC) \r to \r have \r returned\nhome \r or \r resettled \r in \r surrounding \r areas \r between \r August \r 2011 \r and \r July \r 2012 [3] .\n\nIf \r the \r current \r trend \r of \r political \r and \r socio-\u00ad\u2010economic \r reforms \r continues \r and \r as \r larger\npolitical \r events \r draw \r closer, \r such \r as \r the \r ASEAN/AEC \r agenda \r with \r Myanmar \r as \r Chair \r in\n2014, \r a \r national \r census \r in \r 2014, \r and \r national \r elections \r in \r 2015, \r then \r the \r momentum \r to\ntranslate \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r negotiations \r into \r peace \r agreements \r may \r increase. \r This \r may \r lead \r to\nan \r increase \r in \r the \r number \r of \r spontaneous \r returns \r and \r the \r possibility \r of \r sudden\ndemands \r upon \r UNHCR \r to \r facilitate \r the \r voluntary \r repatriation \r of \r refugees.\n\n\n**2.2. \r Protection \r environment**\n\nDisplaced \r people \r and \r their \r host \r communities \r in \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Myanmar \r currently \r face \r a\nnumber \r of \r protection-\u00ad\u2010related \r risks \r and \r problems \r such \r as \r the \r lack \r of \r civil \r documentation\n(including \r birth \r registration, \r family \r lists \r and \r identity \r documentation \r in \r remote \r areas),\nlandmines, \r access \r to \r land \r and \r livelihoods, \r forced \r labour, \r forced \r recruitment, \r forced\ncontribution \r or \r taxation, \r trafficking, \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence \r and, \r in \r some \r cases,\nrestrictions \r of \r movement. \r The \r protection \r concerns \r are \r often \r exacerbated \r for \r IDPs \r and,\npotentially, \r refugees \r upon \r return.\n\nMany \r people \r do \r not \r possess \r a \r Citizenship \r Scrutiny \r Card \r (or \r \u201cCSC\u201d) \r either \r because \r they\nlive \r or \r used \r to \r live \r in \r conflict \r areas \r controlled \r by \r ethnic \r armed \r groups \r with \r no\nGovernment \r representation, \r or \r simply \r because \r they \r do \r not \r have \r access \r to \r the\nadministrative \r mechanisms \r that \r issue \r these \r documents. \r Furthermore, \r the \r Government\nin \r the \r past \r limited \r distribution \r of \r CSCs \r in \r border \r areas \r to \r contain \r movement \r of \r people\nlinked \r to \r ethnic \r armed \r groups. \r Very \r few \r IDPs \r held \r CSCs \r before \r their \r displacement, \r and \r it\nmay \r be \r extremely \r difficult \r for \r people \r who \r have \r been \r displaced \r as \r refugees \r or \r IDPs,\nparticularly \r from \r areas \r controlled \r by \r ethnic \r armed \r groups, \r to \r provide \r the \r necessary\ndocumentation \r to \r obtain \r CSCs. \r Additionally, \r persons \r not \r belonging \r to \r one \r of \r the\nofficially \r recognized \r \u201cethnic \r groups\u201d \r face \r difficulty \r in \r acquiring \r CSCs, \r despite \r the \r fact\nthat \r there \r are \r relevant \r provisions \r available \r for \r them \r under \r the \r Myanmar \r Citizenship\nLaw. \r In \r July \r 2011, \r the \r Immigration \r and \r National \r Registration \r Department \r of \r the\nMinistry \r of \r Immigration \r and \r Population \r initiated \r the \r Moe \r Pwint \r Operation, \r which \r is \r an\naccelerated \r procedure \r to \r issue \r CSCs, \r especially \r in \r areas \r that \r were \r remote \r and/or\ndifficult \r to \r access \r in \r the \r past \r because \r of \r the \r presence \r of \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r groups.\n\nThere \r are \r no \r mine \r maps \r currently \r available \r and \r the \r extent \r of \r the \r threat \r is \r impossible \r to\naccurately \r assess. \r However, \r it \r is \r suspected \r that \r Myanmar \r is \r one \r of \r the \r most \r highly\nlandmine-\u00ad\u2010contaminated \r countries \r in \r the \r world, \r with \r these \r devices \r continuing \r to \r claim\nseveral \r hundred \r civilian \r victims \r each \r year. \r Myanmar \r has \r not \r acceded \r to \r the \r Mine \r Ban\nTreaty \r but \r has \r recently \r set \r up \r a \r Myanmar \r Mine \r Action \r Centre, \r under \r the \r Myanmar\nPeace \r Centre \r (MPC) [4] to \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordinate \r and \r oversee \r the \r implementation \r of \r a \r national\n\n\n3 _Changing \r Realities, \r Poverty \r and \r Displacement \r In \r South \r East \r Burma/Myanmar_, \r The \r Border \r Consortium, \r 31\nOctober \r 2012, http://www.tbbc.org/resources).\n\n4 \r The \r Myanmar \r Peace \r Centre \r (MPC) \r was \r established \r in \r October \r 2012 \r by \r a \r Presidential \r Decree \r to \r serve \r as\nthe \r Secretariat \r to \r the \r Union \r Peace-\u00ad\u2010making \r Central \r Committee \r and \r the \r Union \r Peace-\u00ad\u2010making \r Work\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nhumanitarian \r mine \r action \r programme \r with \r local \r and \r international \r humanitarian\nagencies. \r Despite \r these \r positive \r developments \r there \r are \r still \r no \r activities \r related \r to\nsurvey \r and \r clearance, \r marking, \r or \r fencing \r being \r undertaken. \r Mine \r risk \r education\nprogrammes \r and \r assistance \r to \r mine \r victims \r remain \r still \r limited \r in \r scope.\n\nLand \r registration \r documents \r are \r held \r by \r township \r authorities \r in \r Myanmar. \r Land \r tenure\ndocuments \r and \r deeds \r are \r not \r always \r recorded \r or \r respected \r and \r there \r are \r frequent\nreports \r of \r land \r expropriation \r (or \r \u201cland \r grabbing\u201d) \r by \r the \r Government, \r the \r Myanmar\nArmy, \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r groups, \r and \r private \r companies, \r often \r resulting \r in \r internal\ndisplacement \r without \r appropriate \r guarantees \r of \r compensation. \r Although \r the \r reforms\nintroduced \r by \r the \r Government \r in \r 2008 \r provide \r some \r additional \r security \r of \r land \r tenure,\nthey \r still \r fail \r to \r adequately \r recognise \r widely \r used \r customary \r rights.\n\nThe \r ongoing \r presence \r of \r armed \r actors \r in \r places \r of \r displacement \r and \r potential \r return\nremains \r a \r key \r concern. \r Communities \r have \r been \r subject \r to \r protection \r risks \r associated\nwith \r the \r presence \r of \r military \r units \r including \r forced \r labour, \r forced \r recruitment \r and \r the\npayment \r of \r \u201ctaxes.\u201d \r In \r addition, \r Myanmar \r is \r believed \r to \r have \r a \r large \r number \r of \r children\nin \r armed \r conflict, \r including \r child \r soldiers, \r with \r both \r the \r Government \r and \r various \r non-\u00ad\u2010\nstate \r armed \r actors \r having \r been \r responsible \r for \r the \r recruitment \r of \r minors. \r On \r 27 [th] June\n2012, \r the \r United \r Nations \r Country \r Task \r Force \r on \r Monitoring \r and \r Reporting \r (CTFMR)\nand \r the \r Government \r signed \r a \r Plan \r of \r Action \r with \r regards \r to \r underage \r recruitment \r in \r the\nMyanmar \r Army. \r Procedures \r are \r underway \r for \r the \r systematic \r identification \r and\ndischarge \r of \r verified \r minors \r from \r the \r national \r forces. \r However, \r plans \r of \r action \r with\nnon-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r groups \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r have \r not \r yet \r been \r agreed \r and \r it \r remains \r to \r be\nseen \r whether \r the \r Plan \r of \r Action \r with \r the \r Government \r will \r be \r comprehensively\nimplemented.\n\nIndividuals \r and \r families \r often \r have \r no \r means \r to \r retain \r legal \r services \r and \r are \r often\nunaware \r of \r their \r rights \r to \r seek \r legal \r remedies \r under \r Myanmar \r law. \r Services, \r security\nand \r the \r rule \r of \r law \r are \r weak, \r and \r effective \r protection \r and \r response \r mechanisms \r to\naddress \r sexual \r and \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence \r (SGBV) \r or \r the \r specific \r needs \r of \r extremely\nvulnerable \r individuals \r (EVIs), \r are \r still \r rudimentary \r with \r a \r lack \r of \r appropriate \r core\nmechanisms \r and \r services \r available.\n\nCases \r of \r arbitrary \r arrest \r and \r detention \r in \r Myanmar \r continue \r to \r be \r reported. \r Pervasive\nproblems \r with \r the \r rule \r of \r law \r in \r Myanmar \r are \r well \r documented \r and \r detention \r and\nprison \r conditions \r remain \r extremely \r problematic.\n\nIn \r addition, \r under \r the \r 1947 \r Immigration \r (Emergency \r Provisions) \r Act \r (as \r amended),\nillegal \r departure \r or \r entry \r is \r punishable \r by \r a \r fine \r or \r imprisonment \r of \r up \r to \r five \r years.\nUNHCR \r is \r not \r aware \r of \r any \r prosecutions \r brought \r under \r this \r law, \r and \r the \r President \r has\nalso \r stated \r publically \r that \r he \r welcomes \r back \r Myanmar \r people \r who \r \u2018for \r various \r reasons\u2019\nleft \r the \r country. \r However \r there \r have \r not \r been \r any \r changes \r or \r amnesties \r pronounced \r in\nrelation \r to \r this \r law, \r and \r this \r would \r therefore \r need \r to \r be \r addressed \r prior \r to \r any \r organised\nvoluntary \r repatriation \r of \r refugees.\n\n**2.3. \r Socio-\u00ad\u2010economic \r environment**\n\nThe \r health \r infrastructure \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r remains \r substantially \r underserved \r with \r a\n\n\nCommittee. \r The \r Myanmar \r Peace \r Centre \r is \r tasked \r to \r provide \r policy \r advice \r and \r strategic \r guidance \r as \r well \r as\nco-\u00ad\u2010ordinating \r Government \r activities \r in \r the \r key \r areas \r of: \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r negotiations \r and \r implementation; \r peace\nnegotiations \r and \r political \r dialogue; \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r of \r assistance \r in \r conflict \r affected \r areas \r and \r outreach \r and\npublic \r diplomacy.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nlack \r of \r skilled \r personnel, \r facilities, \r basic \r equipment \r and \r supplies, \r including \r in \r terms \r of\npotentially \r life-\u00ad\u2010saving \r reproductive \r health, \r malaria \r prevention \r and \r control \r and \r HIV\nservices.\n\nThe \r education \r sector \r is \r also \r substantially \r underserved \r and \r not \r of \r adequate \r standards,\nwith \r a \r shortage \r of \r teachers \r and \r an \r inadequate \r number \r of \r primary \r schools \r within\nreasonable \r distance \r of \r many \r communities. \r Regular \r school \r attendance \r is \r hampered \r by\neducation \r costs, \r distances, \r illness, \r work \r requirements, \r insecurity \r in \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010affected\nareas \r and, \r for \r ethnic \r minority \r children, \r \u201clanguage \r barrier\u201d. \r Most \r children \r have \r limited\nopportunity \r to \r continue \r their \r education \r beyond \r primary \r school.\n\nAccess \r to \r safe \r drinking \r water, \r particularly \r in \r rural \r areas \r and \r during \r the \r dry \r season \r is\nuneven \r and \r in \r many \r locations \r insufficient, \r with \r those \r water \r sources \r available \r during \r the\ndry \r season \r located \r far \r away \r from \r human \r dwellings. \r Standards \r of \r sanitation \r are \r very \r low,\nwith \r open \r defecation \r common \r and \r household \r latrines \r less \r than \r international \r standards.\n\nThe \r sustainability \r of \r IDP \r (and \r potentially, \r refugee) \r returns \r is \r also \r still \r hampered \r by\nlimited \r access \r to \r livelihood \r opportunities. \r At \r present, \r access \r to \r livelihood \r resources \r and\ntraining \r opportunities \r are \r scarce. \r Returning \r IDPs \r and \r refugees \r may \r have \r lost \r the\nproductive \r assets \r needed \r to \r restart \r agriculture, \r while \r homes \r have \r been \r destroyed \r by\nthe \r conflict \r or \r have \r fallen \r into \r disrepair.\n\nAdditionally, \r distances \r are \r substantial \r between \r the \r temporary \r shelters \r in \r Thailand \r and\npotential \r return \r areas. \r Many \r of \r the \r places \r of \r origin \r of \r registered \r refugees \r in \r Thailand \r are\nparticularly \r isolated \r and \r have \r received \r little \r investment \r in \r infrastructure. \r Investment \r in\nrepatriation \r infrastructure, \r including \r transit \r centres \r or \r way \r stations, \r will \r be \r required \r in\ncase \r of \r an \r organized \r repatriation \r movement.\n\n\n**3.** **POPULATION \r OF \r CONCERN \r IN \r SOUTH-\u00ad\u2010EAST \r MYANMAR**\n\n\n**3.1. \r Refugees \r in \r Thailand**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s \r current \r area \r of \r operations \r in \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Myanmar \r covers \r Kayin, \r Kayah, \r and\nMon \r States, \r and \r Taninthayri \r Regions. \r These \r are \r the \r primary \r places \r of \r origin \r of \r the\nestimated \r 128,876 \r Myanmar \r refugees \r residing \r in \r the \r temporary \r shelters \r along \r the\nborder \r in \r Thailand, \r and \r are \r assumed \r to \r be \r the \r primary \r potential \r areas \r of \r return.\n\nUNHCR \r ProGres \r data \r on \r the \r 83,044 \r registered \r refugees \r in \r Thailand \r indicates \r an\nestimated \r 84 \r per \r cent \r are \r ethnic \r Karen \r and \r 12 \r per \r cent \r are \r ethnic \r Karenni. \r The\nremaining \r 4 \r per \r cent \r are \r of \r Burman, \r Shan, \r and \r Mon \r descent, \r and \r other \r groups. \r The\nmajority \r of \r registered \r refugees \r come \r from \r Kayin \r State \r (65.3 \r per \r cent), \r followed \r by\nKayah \r (14.6 \r per \r cent), \r Tanintharyi \r (7.3 \r per \r cent), \r Bago \r (5.2 \r per \r cent) \r and \r Mon \r (5 \r per\ncent). \r (Annex: \r Myanmar \r Thailand \r Border \r \u2013 \r Refugee \r Overview, \r as \r of \r end \r of \r March \r 2013)\n\nA \r profiling \r exercise \r covering \r both \r the \r registered \r and \r unregistered \r refugee \r population\nresiding \r in \r the \r temporary \r shelters \r in \r Thailand, \r will \r be \r carried \r out \r by \r the \r Mae \r Fah \r Luang\nFoundation \r on \r behalf \r of \r UNHCR \r in \r 2013-\u00ad\u20102014. \r The \r exercise \r will \r permit \r updating \r of \r data\non \r areas \r of \r origin \r (Regions/States, \r districts \r and \r townships, \r and \r village \r tracts/villages)\nand \r will \r assess \r the \r intentions \r of \r refugees, \r whether \r that \r would \r be \r for \r eventual \r voluntary\nreturn, \r resettlement \r to \r a \r third \r country \r or \r other \r durable \r solution \r possibilities. \r For \r those\nrefugees \r that \r intend \r to \r return, \r information \r about \r their \r desired \r or \r intended \r destination\nwill \r be \r captured \r in \r the \r survey \r (this \r may \r include \r places \r of \r origin \r or \r prior \r habitual\nresidence, \r or \r other \r locations \r in \r Myanmar). \r The \r major \r focus \r of \r the \r survey \r is \r about \r future\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR \r ProGres \r data", - "confidence": 0.9224377274513245, - "start": 400, - "end": 403 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9896419644355774, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered \r refugees", - "confidence": 0.9615652561187744, - "start": 408, - "end": 410 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5826950073242188, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information \r about \r their \r desired \r or \r intended \r destination", - "confidence": 0.8565908670425415, - "start": 620, - "end": 627 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6320945620536804, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5651208758354187, - "start": 550, - "end": 551 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.6165468096733093, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6890633702278137, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nlivelihoods, \r household \r and \r family \r security \r issues, \r as \r well \r as \r about \r past, \r present \r and\npossibly \r future \r skill-\u00ad\u2010sets \r that \r will \r help \r the \r refugees \r to \r return \r to \r a \r normal \r life \r outside \r the\ncamp. \r This \r information \r will \r also \r help \r in \r identifying \r both \r the \r major \r return \r areas \r and \r all\nother \r locations \r along \r with \r indications \r of \r the \r possible \r number \r of \r refugees \r intending \r to\nreturn \r to \r those \r areas, \r and \r required \r programmatic \r interventions \r to \r help \r in \r preparing \r the\nconditions \r that \r would \r support \r a \r sustainable \r voluntary \r return \r and \r reintegration.\n\n\n**3.2. \r Internally \r Displaced \r Persons**\n\nIn \r its \r October \r 2012 \r report, \r TBC \r estimated \r that \r a \r total \r of \r about \r 400,000 \r individuals \r are\nstill \r internally \r displaced \r in \r the \r rural \r areas \r of \r 36 \r townships \r in \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Myanmar \r in\nKayin, \r Kayah, \r South \r and \r East \r Shan \r and \r Mon \r States, \r and \r Bago \r and \r Tanintharyi \r Regions.\nOf \r these, \r the \r number \r located \r in \r Kayin, \r Kayah, \r Tanintharyi \r and \r Mon \r combined \r is\nestimated \r at \r 230,400 \r individuals \r (89,150 \r or \r 38.7% \r in \r Kayin; \r 71,650 \r or \r 31.1% \r in\nTanintharyi; \r 35,000 \r or \r 15.1% \r in \r Mon \r and \r 34,600 \r or \r 15% \r in \r Kayah) [ \r 5] .\n\nDue \r to \r the \r size \r and \r remoteness \r of \r the \r operational \r area, \r compounded \r by \r access\nlimitation \r and \r sensitivities, \r reliable \r and \r disaggregated \r information \r on \r the \r profile \r and\nneeds \r of \r displaced \r populations \r remains \r scarce. \r UNHCR \r has \r recently \r strengthened \r its\ninformation \r management \r capacities \r with \r a \r view \r to \r working \r towards \r obtaining \r a \r more\nsystematic \r understanding \r of \r the \r locations \r and \r characteristics \r of \r populations \r of \r concern,\nand \r the \r protection \r risks \r affecting \r them. \r Additionally, \r the \r Joint \r IDP \r Profiling \r Service\n(JIPS), \r has \r recently \r completed \r a \r scoping \r mission \r aiming \r at \r assessing \r whether \r it \r is\nfeasible \r and \r desirable \r to \r conduct \r an \r IDP \r profiling \r that \r would \r inform \r the \r design \r of \r an\neffective \r strategy \r for \r support \r to \r IDPs \r durable \r solutions, \r as \r well \r as \r targeting, \r improved\nadvocacy \r and \r fundraising.\n\n\n**4.** **UNHCR\u2019S \r CURRENT \r OPERATIONS \r IN \r THE \r SOUTH-\u00ad\u2010EAST**\n\n\nUNHCR \r first \r established \r an \r operational \r presence \r in \r South-\u00ad\u2010Eastern \r Myanmar \r in \r 2004\nwith \r the \r objective \r of \r assisting \r communities \r affected \r by \r armed \r conflict \r in \r Kayin \r and \r Mon\nStates \r and \r in \r Tanintaryi \r Region. \r Between \r 2004 \r and \r 2012, \r UNHCR, \r in \r partnership \r with\nlocal \r and \r international \r organizations, \r has \r delivered \r over \r 3,000 \r humanitarian \r projects \r to\nensure \r that \r displaced \r and \r host \r families \r in \r affected \r areas \r have \r access \r to \r proper\nsanitation, \r primary \r health \r care \r facilities, \r safe \r and \r clean \r water, \r livelihood \r activities \r and\nother \r training \r including \r technical \r support \r to \r community \r management \r capacities,\nparticularly \r in \r relation \r to \r small \r infrastructure \r management.\n\nUNHCR \r also \r undertakes \r protection \r assessment, \r legal \r awareness \r training, \r and \r provides\nassistance \r to \r extremely \r vulnerable \r individuals \r (including \r land \r mine \r victims \r and\nsurvivors \r of \r sexual \r and \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence). \r The \r extent \r and \r capacity \r of \r protection\nmonitoring \r and \r referral \r networks \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r nonetheless \r remain \r extremely\nlimited.\n\nIn \r 2012 \r the \r programme \r expanded \r to \r cover \r capacity \r building \r of \r government \r officials \r and\nother \r partners \r in \r relation \r to \r IDP \r and \r refugee \r protection \r and \r the \r role \r and \r mandate \r of\nUNHCR. \r Additionally, \r support \r has \r been \r provided \r by \r UNHCR \r to \r the \r Moe \r Pwint \r Operation\nthrough \r a \r pilot \r project \r as \r well \r as \r the \r production \r of \r leaflets \r in \r the \r local \r language \r to\nincrease \r the \r Ministry \r of \r Immigration \r efforts \r in \r enhancing \r awareness \r of \r the \r Operation\nwithin \r the \r communities.\n\n\n5 \r TBC \r 2012, \r see \r note \r 3 \r above.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP \r Profiling", - "confidence": 0.8317120671272278, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced \r populations", - "confidence": 0.6847715973854065, - "start": 259, - "end": 261 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nAlso \r in \r 2012 \r UNHCR \r received \r authorization \r to \r open \r offices \r in \r Hpa-\u00ad\u2010an \r in \r Kayin \r State \r and\nLoikaw \r in \r Kayah \r State, \r although \r this \r is \r still \r to \r be \r formalised. \r Access \r remains \r restricted\nin \r certain \r areas \r and \r is \r dependent \r on \r Government \r authorization \r and \r restrictive \r advance\nclearance \r procedures, \r especially \r for \r international \r staff. \r However, \r there \r have \r been\nincremental \r improvements \r in \r access \r in \r areas \r close \r to \r the \r Thai \r border, \r particularly \r as \r the\ncease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r process \r has \r become \r embedded. \r Nonetheless, \r humanitarian \r access, \r and \r the\ndegree \r to \r which \r UNHCR \r is \r free \r to \r assess \r needs \r and \r to \r effectively \r target \r its \r support \r to \r the\nmost \r vulnerable \r displaced \r and \r host \r communities \r varies \r considerably \r from \r state \r to \r state.\n\n\n**5.** **LEGAL, \r INSTITUTIONAL \r AND \r POLICY \r FRAMEWORKS, \r AND \r KEY**\n\n**PRINCIPLES**\n\nInternational \r Refugee \r Law \r governs \r the \r protection \r of \r refugees, \r including \r the \r realisation\nof \r solutions \r to \r their \r plight. \r UNHCR\u2019s \r mandate \r is \r to \r provide \r protection \r to \r refugees \r and\nseek \r durable \r solutions \r for \r them \r and \r UNHCR\u2019s \r Statute \r and \r numerous \r Executive\nCommittee \r Conclusions \r provide \r the \r legal \r framework \r for \r its \r lead \r role \r in \r voluntary\nrepatriation \r operations [6] . \r UNHCR\u2019s \r Statute \r provides \r for \r key \r activities \r in \r this \r regard,\nincluding \r promoting \r with \r Governments \r measures \r to \r improve \r the \r situation \r of \r refugees\nand \r to \r assist \r Governmental \r and \r other \r efforts \r to \r promote \r voluntary \r repatriation.\n\nIn \r its \r involvement \r with \r durable \r solutions \r for \r IDPs \r UNHCR \r is \r committed \r to \r contributing\nto \r an \r inter-\u00ad\u2010agency \r approach \r framed \r by \r the \r standards \r set \r out \r in \r the \r Guiding \r Principles\non \r Internal \r Displacement \r and \r the \r Framework \r for \r Durable \r Solutions [ \r 7] .\n\nVoluntary \r return \r is \r guided \r by \r internationally \r recognized \r standards, \r which \r inter \r alia\nprovide \r that \r refugees \r have \r the \r right \r to \r return \r voluntarily, \r in \r safety \r and \r dignity, \r to \r their\nown \r countries. \r A \r freely \r expressed \r wish \r to \r return \r by \r those \r displaced \r is \r a \r pre-\u00ad\u2010condition \r to\nany \r voluntary \r return. \r Recognized \r principles \r also \r include: \r taking \r measures \r to \r address\nany \r root \r causes \r of \r displacement \r (cross-\u00ad\u2010border \r and \r internal) \r by \r all \r parties \r to \r the \r past\nconflict; \r that \r refugees \r and \r IDPs \r have \r the \r right \r to \r freedom \r of \r movement \r and \r the \r right \r to\nreturn \r to \r their \r place \r of \r former \r residence \r or \r another \r place \r of \r their \r choice \r in \r the \r country\nof \r origin; \r and \r that \r UNHCR \r and \r partners \r have \r access \r to \r returnee \r areas \r in \r order \r to\nmonitor \r their \r return.\n\nWhile \r UNHCR \r has \r been \r present \r and \r operational \r in \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Myanmar \r since \r 2004, \r the\nUNHCR \r framework \r for \r co-\u00ad\u2010operation \r with \r the \r Government \r of \r the \r Union \r of \r Myanmar \r in\nthe \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r is \r defined \r by \r a \r draft \r Letter \r of \r Understanding \r (LOU) \r with \r its \r line \r Ministry,\nthe \r Ministry \r of \r Border \r Affairs \r (NaTaLa). \r The \r LOU \r articulates \r UNHCR \r and \r NaTaLa\u2019s\nresponsibilities \r in \r regard \r to \r the \r implementation \r of \r programmes \r aimed \r at \r improving\nlivelihoods \r in \r communities \r affected \r by \r displacement, \r reducing \r the \r risk \r of \r further\ndisplacement, \r and \r specifically \r creating \r the \r appropriate \r conditions \r for \r return \r for \r IDPs\nand \r refugees. \r The \r current \r LOU, \r which \r includes \r Kayin, \r Mon, \r Kayah, \r Shan \r and \r Chin \r States,\nand \r Bago \r and \r Tanintharyi \r Regions, \r was \r signed \r on \r 10 \r June \r 2013.\n\nOnce \r the \r required \r safeguards \r are \r in \r place \r for \r the \r return \r of \r refugees \r and \r an \r organized\nprogramme \r is \r to \r be \r launched, \r a \r tripartite \r agreement \r between \r Myanmar, \r Thailand \r and\nUNCHR \r should \r form \r the \r main \r legal \r framework \r for \r the \r voluntary \r repatriation \r and\n\n\n6 \r Executive \r Committee \r Conclusion \r 29 \r of \r 1983 \r calls \r upon \r Governments \r to \r facilitate \r the \r work \r of \r UNHCR \r \u201cin\ncreating \r conditions \r favourable \r to \r and \r promoting \r voluntary \r repatriation, \r which \r whenever \r appropriate \r and\nfeasible \r is \r the \r most \r desirable \r solution \r for \r refugee \r problems.\u201d \r Also \r refer \r to \r Executive \r Committee \r Conclusions\n58 \r (1089) \r and \r 101 \r (2004).\n7 \r See \r also \r Policy \r Framework \r and \r Implementation \r Strategy: \r UNHCR\u2019s \r role \r in \r the \r support \r of \r the \r return \r and\nreintegration \r of \r displaced \r persons, \r 2008.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nreintegration \r of \r refugees \r as \r is \r the \r norm \r in \r repatriation \r operations \r across \r the \r world. \r The\nagreement \r would \r govern \r the \r procedures \r for \r entry \r into \r Myanmar \r and \r modalities \r for\nreception, \r registration, \r immediate \r humanitarian \r assistance, \r and \r travel \r to \r places \r of\ndestination. \r Another \r key \r aspect \r will \r be \r access \r and \r monitoring \r of \r returnee \r areas, \r as \r well\nas \r the \r immediately \r needed \r support \r to \r the \r reintegration \r process.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s \r 2008 \r Policy \r on \r Return \r and \r Reintegration \r defines \r reintegration \r as \r the\nreduction \r and \r ultimately \r the \r disappearance \r of \r any \r factors \r that \r differentiate \r returnees\nfrom \r other \r members \r of \r their \r community \r in \r terms \r of \r both \r their \r legal \r and \r socio-\u00ad\u2010economic\nstatus. \r Therefore, \r reintegration \r is \r a \r comprehensive, \r gradual \r and \r dynamic \r effort \r that\ninvolves \r the \r establishment \r of \r conditions \r which \r enable \r returnees \r and \r their \r communities\nto \r exercise \r their \r social, \r economic, \r civil, \r political \r and \r cultural \r rights, \r and \r on \r that \r basis \r to\nenjoy \r peaceful, \r productive \r and \r dignified \r lives.\n\nThe \r definition \r of \r a \r comprehensive, \r multi-\u00ad\u2010year \r strategy \r for \r return \r and \r reintegration\nshould \r therefore \r be \r framed \r by \r and \r support \r development \r plans. \r Strategic \r plans \r should\ncover \r all \r key \r relevant \r sectors: \r legal, \r economic, \r social, \r and \r environmental, \r and \r guide \r the\ndivision \r of \r roles \r and \r responsibilities \r between \r relief, \r development, \r public \r and \r private\nstakeholders.\n\nSecuring \r durable \r solutions \r for \r displaced \r populations \r should \r be \r an \r integral \r component\nof \r the \r peace \r process, \r and \r the \r engagement \r of \r UNHCR \r and \r other \r actors \r in \r support \r to\ndurable \r solutions \r should \r be \r located \r within \r a \r broader \r peace-\u00ad\u2010building \r framework. \r In\naddition \r to \r advocating \r for \r the \r participation \r of \r IDPs \r and \r refugees \r in \r the \r peace\nnegotiations, \r activities \r in \r support \r of \r durable \r solutions \r should \r be \r grounded \r in \r sound\nconflict \r analysis. \r The \r provision \r of \r assistance \r should \r be \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010sensitive, \r minimizing\nunintended \r negative \r impact \r while \r maximising \r its \r peace-\u00ad\u2010building \r impact, \r and \r use \r \u201cDo \r No\nHarm\u201d \r approaches \r to \r contribute \r at \r building \r trust \r and \r supporting \r the \r peace-\u00ad\u2010building\nprocess. \r Co-\u00ad\u2010existence \r projects \r and \r other \r activities \r should \r be \r prioritised \r in \r support \r of\nreintegration. \r Activities \r such \r as \r peace \r education \r and \r conflict \r resolution \r training \r may \r be\nundertaken \r even \r prior \r to \r an \r organised \r voluntary \r return.\n\nRefugees \r and \r IDPs \r will \r frequently \r opt \r to \r spread \r risk \r and \r to \r cushion \r the \r impact \r of \r return\nby \r having \r some \r family \r members \r remaining \r outside \r the \r country, \r or \r move \r elsewhere\nwithin \r the \r country \r to \r pursue \r migration \r strategies. \r This \r should \r be \r facilitated \r and \r not\nviewed \r as \r a \r failure \r of \r the \r reintegration \r process.\n\n\n**6.** **NATIONAL \r OWNERSHIP \r AND \r CO-\u00ad\u2010ORDINATION**\n\n\nSecuring \r durable \r solutions \r is \r fundamentally \r linked \r to \r the \r restoration \r of \r national\ncapacity \r to \r provide \r for \r the \r protection \r and \r welfare \r of \r formerly \r displaced \r communities,\nand \r UNHCR\u2019s \r role \r should \r be \r designed \r to \r support \r such \r an \r outcome, \r through \r systematic\nengagement \r with \r key \r Government \r counterparts, \r civil \r society \r and \r other \r national\nstakeholders.\n\nNational \r authorities \r have \r primary \r responsibility \r to \r secure \r durable \r solutions \r for \r those\nwho \r have \r been \r formerly \r displaced, \r while \r UNHCR \r and \r other \r humanitarian \r and\ndevelopment \r actors \r have \r a \r complementary \r role.\n\nCo-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r and \r multi-\u00ad\u2010sector \r engagement \r is \r also \r critical \r to \r the \r sustainable\nreintegration \r of \r refugees \r and \r durable \r solutions \r for \r IDPs [8] . \r Therefore, \r mobilising \r the\n\n\n8 \r See \r UNHCR\u2019s \r 2008 \r Policy \r on \r the \r Return \r and \r Reintegration \r of \r Refugees \r and \r IDPs, \r and \r the \r 2011 \r Secretary-\u00ad\u2010\nGeneral\u2019s \r Policy \r Committee \r Decision \r on \r Durable \r Solutions.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nengagement \r of \r key \r partners, \r including \r relevant \r development \r actors \r and \r the \r private\nsector \r since \r the \r early \r stage \r will \r be \r a \r crucial \r component \r of \r UNHCR\u2019s \r strategy.\n\nCurrent \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r fora \r include \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Consultation \r Platform, \r led \r by \r UNHCR,\nconsisting \r of \r UN, \r NGO, \r donors, \r Government \r and \r other \r partners, \r including \r the \r Myanmar\nPeace \r Centre \r (MPC) [9] . \r This \r currently \r meets \r every \r 2-\u00ad\u20103 \r months \r in \r Yangon. \r The \r objective \r of\nthe \r Platform \r is \r to \r maintain \r a \r common \r understanding \r of \r the \r operational \r environment\nand \r challenges \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r and \r to \r forge \r strategic \r partnerships. \r UNHCR \r also \r chairs\nthe \r National \r Protection \r Working \r Group.\n\nMonthly \r inter-\u00ad\u2010agency \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r meetings, \r chaired \r by \r UNHCR \r and \r attended \r by\nhumanitarian \r partners, \r are \r currently \r held \r in \r Mawlamyine \r (Mon \r State), \r Taungoo \r (Bago\nRegion), \r and \r Myeik \r and \r Dawei \r (Tanintharyi \r Region). \r Inter-\u00ad\u2010agency \r meetings \r also \r take\nplace \r in \r Loikaw \r (Kayah \r State), \r chaired \r on \r a \r rotational \r basis \r amongst \r agencies.\n\nIn \r January \r 2013, \r UNHCR \r also \r initiated \r cross-\u00ad\u2010border \r meetings \r between \r UNHCR\nMyanmar \r and \r UNHCR \r Thailand.\n\nThe \r number \r of \r UN \r organisations \r and \r international \r and \r national \r NGOs \r as \r well \r as \r the\nscale \r of \r humanitarian \r and \r development \r activities \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r are \r currently\nexpanding. \r At \r present \r UNHCR \r is \r reviewing, \r together \r with \r partners, \r how \r leadership \r and\nco-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r in \r support \r of \r durable \r solutions \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r can \r be \r strengthened \r and\ncentred \r around \r a \r shared \r vision \r and \r strategy \r located \r within \r a \r broader \r protection\nframework \r incorporating \r key \r standards. \r UNHCR, \r in \r accordance \r with \r its \r mandate\nobligations, \r will \r play \r an \r active \r role \r in \r this \r process \r and \r in \r enhancing \r inter-\u00ad\u2010agency \r co-\u00ad\u2010\nordination \r on \r durable \r solutions \r at \r regional \r and \r State/Region \r levels.\n\nOne \r mechanism \r might \r be \r the \r establishment \r of \r a \r Working \r Group \r on \r Durable \r Solutions\nfor \r IDPs \r and \r Refugees \r to \r serve \r as \r a \r platform \r to \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordinate \r durable \r solutions \r related\nactivities \r from \r the \r preparatory \r phase. \r The \r working \r group \r could \r be \r co-\u00ad\u2010led \r by\nrepresentatives \r from \r the \r Government \r and \r UNHCR, \r and \r might \r consist \r of \r relevant \r UN\nagencies, \r NGOs, \r donors, \r civil \r society \r and \r representatives \r of \r parties \r involved \r in \r the \r peace\nprocess. \r In \r cease-\u00ad\u2010fire \r areas, \r all \r activities \r will \r have \r to \r be \r undertaken \r in \r close \r consultation\nwith \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r groups \r operating \r in \r those \r areas.\n\nSystematic \r engagement \r with \r key \r actors \r facilitating \r and \r supporting \r the \r peace \r process,\nsuch \r as \r MPC, \r is \r also \r required. \r This \r will \r ensure \r that \r issues \r affecting \r the \r rights \r and\nwelfare \r of \r IDPs \r and \r returning \r refugees \r are \r appropriately \r addressed \r in \r peace\nnegotiations \r and \r peace-\u00ad\u2010building \r programmes \r and \r initiatives \r such \r as \r the \r MPC-\u00ad\u2010led \r Joint\nPeace-\u00ad\u2010building \r Need \r Assessment \r (JPNA), \r and \r that \r displaced \r populations, \r including\nwomen, \r have \r the \r opportunity \r to \r participate \r in \r these \r processes.\n\nEfforts \r will \r also \r be \r required \r to \r ensure \r that \r durable \r solutions \r are \r mainstreamed \r in \r the\nimplementation \r of \r the \r UN \r Strategic \r Framework \r for \r Myanmar \r for \r 2013 \r to \r 2015, \r and\nnational \r development \r plans \r and \r programmes \r as \r means \r of \r catalysing \r interventions \r by\ndevelopment \r agencies. \r Relevant \r funding \r opportunities, \r such \r as \r the \r Peace \r Building \r Fund\n(PBF), \r should \r also \r be \r pursued.\n\n\n9 \r The \r Myanmar \r Government \r draft \r Framework \r for \r Economic \r and \r Social \r Reform \r 2012-\u00ad\u20102015 \r tasks \r the\nMyanmar \r Peace \r Centre \r with \r the \r drafting \r of \r a \r Strategic \r Framework \r for \r Support \r to \r Peace-\u00ad\u2010building \r in\nMyanmar \r that \r will \r guide \r the \r socio-\u00ad\u2010economic \r assistance \r to \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r areas, \r including \r the \r definition \r of\nstandards \r and \r protocols \r related \r to \r IDPs \r and \r returning \r refugees \r and \r the \r demobilization \r of \r militias.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\n**7.** **OPERATIONAL \r FRAMEWORK**\n\n\nWhile \r positive \r developments \r already \r undertaken \r by \r the \r Government \r point \r to \r an\neventual \r return \r of \r refugees \r from \r Thailand, \r the \r timing \r of \r the \r return \r remains \r difficult \r to\npredict. \r \r The \r Government \r of \r Myanmar \r has \r indicated \r that \r its \r initial \r priority \r will \r be \r to\ncommence \r facilitating \r solutions \r for \r IDPs, \r followed \r by \r the \r voluntary \r repatriation \r of\nrefugees. \r The \r strategy \r for \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r shall \r therefore \r be \r phased \r in \r its \r approach\nstarting \r by \r strengthening \r involvement \r in \r IDP \r operations \r to \r be \r better \r positioned \r to\nreceive \r returning \r refugees \r under \r organized \r repatriation \r in \r the \r future. \r Beyond \r the\nplanned \r phases \r UNHCR \r and \r partners \r shall \r however \r remain \r alert \r to \r sudden \r changes \r in\nthe \r political \r environment \r and \r being \r ready \r to \r respond.\n\nThe \r decision \r to \r shift \r between \r phases \r will \r be \r dictated \r by \r the \r operational \r context,\nparticularly \r changes \r in \r peace \r and \r security, \r access, \r conditions \r in \r return \r areas, \r and\nindications \r of \r readiness \r of \r IDPs \r and \r refugees \r to \r return. \r It \r is \r expected \r that \r UNHCR \r and\npartners\u2019 \r presence \r and \r activities \r in \r one \r phase \r could \r also \r contribute, \r for \r instance, \r to\nimprovements \r in \r return \r conditions, \r thereby \r catalysing \r a \r shift \r to \r the \r next \r phase.\n\nThe \r proposed \r five \r phases \r reflect \r different \r stages \r in \r IDP \r operations, \r and \r in \r the \r refugee\nrepatriation \r and \r reintegration \r process, \r with \r each \r corresponding \r to \r incrementally\nincreasing \r resource \r requirements \r for \r UNHCR \r and \r its \r operational \r partners.\n\n- Phase \r 1: Strengthening \r of \r IDP \r operations \r and \r preparation \r for \r refugee \r return\nwhile \r providing \r integrated \r assistance \r to \r spontaneous \r returnees;\n\n- Phase \r 2: Expansion \r of \r integrated \r support \r to \r spontaneous \r returnees \r and \r their\ncommunities \r while \r enhancing \r preparedness;\n\n- Phase \r 3: Refugee \r repatriation \r and \r initial \r reintegration \r operations;\n\n- Phase \r 4: Consolidation \r of \r reintegration \r operations; \r and\n\n- Phase \r 5: Reintegration \r operations \r are \r scaled \r down \r and \r phased \r out.\n\n\n**8.** **OBJECTIVES**\n\n\nGeneral \r operational \r objectives \r are:\n\n\n1. Refugees \r are \r empowered \r to \r make \r an \r informed \r choice \r on \r whether \r to \r return, \r and\n\nif \r so, \r when \r and \r to \r where, \r including \r through \r the \r provision \r of \r accurate \r and \r up \r to\ndate \r information \r on \r the \r situation \r in \r areas \r of \r potential \r return.\n2. Refugees \r and \r IDPs \r have \r the \r opportunity \r to \r determine \r which \r solution(s) \r are\n\nmost \r appropriate \r for \r them, \r and \r to \r participate \r fully \r in \r the \r assessment, \r design \r and\ndelivery \r of \r durable \r solutions \r programmes, \r using \r an \r age, \r gender \r and \r diversity\nmainstreaming \r approach.\n3. Legal \r frameworks \r are \r in \r place \r that \r guarantee \r the \r rights \r of \r IDPs \r and \r returning\n\nrefugees, \r in \r particular \r in \r relation \r to \r civil \r documentation, \r land \r tenure \r and \r the\nneed \r for \r amnesties.\n4. The \r physical \r safety \r of \r IDPs \r and \r returnees \r is \r ensured, \r in \r particular \r through \r the\n\nimplementation \r of \r a \r humanitarian \r landmine \r action \r strategy, \r and \r effective\nsystems \r for \r prevention \r and \r response \r to \r sexual \r and \r gender-\u00ad\u2010based \r violence.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\n5. Returning \r refugees \r and \r IDPs \r and \r receiving/hosting \r communities \r have\n\nopportunities \r to \r (re-\u00ad\u2010)establish \r meaningful \r and \r productive \r lives, \r through \r access\nto \r livelihoods \r opportunities.\n6. IDPs \r and \r returned \r refugee, \r together \r with \r the \r communities \r receiving \r or \r hosting\n\nthem \r enjoy \r key \r socio-\u00ad\u2010economic \r rights, \r including \r access \r to \r shelter, \r education \r and\nhealth \r and \r other \r services \r and \r infrastructure.\n\n\n**9.** **KEY \r ASSUMPTIONS \r AND \r RISKS**\n\n\nWith \r the \r understanding \r that \r a \r more \r in-\u00ad\u2010depth \r analysis \r is \r needed, \r the \r following \r is \r a \r list \r of\nkey \r assumptions \r and \r risks \r that \r need \r to \r be \r taken \r into \r consideration \r prior \r to \r planning\ndurable \r solutions \r programming \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East:\n\n\n - The \r peace \r process \r remains \r one \r of \r the \r Government\u2019s \r main \r priorities \r including\nadequately \r addressing \r the \r current \r situations \r in \r Kachin \r and \r Rakhine. \r Much \r will\nalso \r depend \r on \r the \r agreements \r that \r are \r reached \r with \r the \r different \r armed \r groups\nand \r the \r level \r of \r political, \r economic \r and \r cultural \r autonomy \r they \r could \r retain. \r Any\non-\u00ad\u2010going \r armed \r clashes \r and/or \r protection \r incidents \r could \r derail \r progress \r made\nso \r far.\n\n - The \r Government \r will \r abide \r by \r international \r standards \r for \r return \r namely, \r that\npeople \r have \r a \r right \r to \r return \r voluntarily \r to \r places \r of \r choice, \r based \r on \r their\nindividual \r and \r freely-\u00ad\u2010expressed \r wish \r to \r return, \r and \r that \r return \r and\nreintegration \r is \r carried \r out \r in \r conditions \r of \r physical, \r legal \r and \r material \r safety\nand \r dignity.\n\n - The \r Government \r and \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r groups \r engage \r in \r addressing \r the \r problem\nof \r landmines \r as \r an \r early \r priority. \r Landmines \r are \r a \r particular \r threat \r in \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010\nEast \r and \r a \r serious \r impediment \r to \r any \r possible \r return.\n\n - Land \r reform, \r including \r restoration \r of \r land \r rights \r and \r compensation, \r remains \r at\nthe \r centre \r of \r the \r country\u2019s \r political \r debate \r and \r reform \r agenda. \r The \r current \r laws\nallow \r expropriation \r of \r land \r not \r utilised \r for \r a \r specific \r period \r of \r time. \r In \r addition,\nabandonment, \r widespread \r destruction \r and \r \u201cland \r grabbing\u201d \r may \r mean \r that \r some\nvillages \r of \r origin \r may \r not \r exist \r anymore, \r or \r may \r not \r be \r accessible.\n\n - Humanitarian \r and \r development \r actors \r are \r granted \r full \r access \r to \r return \r areas,\nparticularly \r allowing \r the \r opening \r of \r offices \r and \r regular \r monitoring \r capacity.\nDirect \r access \r to \r key \r areas \r of \r origin \r is \r still \r limited \r for \r many \r humanitarian \r and\ndevelopment \r actors \r in \r particular \r in \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r areas.\n\n - Refugees \r and \r IDPs \r are \r provided \r with \r accurate \r and \r up-\u00ad\u2010to-\u00ad\u2010date \r information \r that \r is\nobjectively \r presented \r and \r consistent \r with \r humanitarian \r protection \r and \r human\nrights \r principles \r and \r a \r wide \r range \r of \r representatives \r are \r allowed \r to \r visit \r places\nof \r origin \r or \r intended \r return.\n\n - All \r stakeholders \r at \r all \r level \r have \r a \r clear \r understanding \r and \r commitment \r to \r the\nprinciples \r and \r standards \r underpinning \r durable \r solutions.\n\n - The \r Government \r includes \r local \r integration/reintegration \r needs \r of \r IDPs \r and\nreturning \r refugees \r in \r its \r long \r term \r development \r plans.\n\n - Sufficient \r resources \r are \r available \r to \r increase \r UNHCR \r and \r partners\u2019 \r operational\ncapacity \r in \r the \r immediate \r to \r longer \r term. \r Investments \r are \r made \r by \r development\nactors \r in \r long-\u00ad\u2010term \r reconstruction \r and \r development \r projects. \r Many \r places \r of\norigin \r of \r refugees \r are \r isolated \r and \r have \r received \r little \r investment \r in\ninfrastructures \r or \r in \r the \r creation \r of \r livelihood \r opportunities \r that \r can \r support \r the\nsustainability \r of \r the \r return \r process.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\n - Assistance \r is \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordinated \r and \r complies \r with \r principles \r of \r neutrality \r and\nimpartiality \r as \r well \r as \r humanitarian \r standards. \r \r Donor \r support \r also \r converges\nwith \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r efforts.\n\n - A \r valid \r Letter \r of \r Understanding \r (LOU) \r between \r UNHCR \r and \r appropriate \r line\nministries \r will \r remain \r in \r effect \r for \r the \r duration \r of \r UNHCR\u2019s \r activities \r and \r could\nbe \r amended \r as \r necessary \r should \r an \r organized \r voluntary \r repatriation \r operation\nbe \r launched.\n\n**10. \r PROPOSED \r ACTIVITIES**\n\nRecognizing \r and \r emphasizing \r the \r need \r for \r all \r durable \r solutions \r decisions \r to \r be \r designed\nand \r implemented \r with \r affected \r communities, \r and \r in \r consultation \r with \r relevant\nauthorities \r and \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r actors, \r UNHCR \r will \r ensure \r that \r displaced \r populations \r as \r well\nas \r communities \r of \r origin \r and \r return \r are \r equipped \r to \r participate \r fully \r in \r the \r assessment,\ndesign \r and \r implementation \r of \r all \r interventions \r in \r support \r of \r durable \r solutions, \r using \r an\nage, \r gender \r and \r diversity \r mainstreaming \r approach.\n\nActivities \r \u2013 \r whether \r delivered \r by \r UNHCR \r or \r partners-\u00ad\u2010 \r should \r be \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010sensitive \r and\naddress \r key \r issues \r of \r concern \r of \r both \r returning \r refugees \r and \r IDPs \r and \r their\ncommunities. \r A \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r programme \r that \r builds \r on \r existing \r systems \r and\nstructures \r and \r supports \r local \r development \r plans \r should \r be \r planned \r and \r implemented\nbased \r upon \r comprehensive \r needs \r assessments \r and \r consultations \r with \r the \r populations\nconcerned \r as \r well \r as \r government \r and \r non-\u00ad\u2010government \r actors.\n\nActivities \r and \r project \r delivery \r should \r be \r flexible \r and \r context-\u00ad\u2010specific \r so \r as \r to\naccommodate \r complexities \r and \r respond \r to \r any \r changes \r that \r may \r occur \r throughout \r the\nprocess. \r Activities \r range \r from \r food \r assistance \r to \r essential \r health \r care \r facilities \r and\nservices, \r primary \r and \r secondary \r education \r support, \r and \r community-\u00ad\u2010level \r infrastructure\nrehabilitation \r or \r construction \r and \r livelihoods. \r Livelihood \r opportunities \r will \r be \r a \r key\ncomponent \r in \r ensuring \r the \r sustainability \r of \r the \r reintegration \r process \r and \r cash \r and\nvoucher \r modalities \r to \r boost \r the \r local \r economy \r should \r be \r actively \r considered \r where\nthese \r are \r appropriate \r and \r effective \r ways \r of \r meeting \r identified \r needs.\n\nUNHCR \r will \r seek \r innovative \r solutions, \r in \r particular \r for \r self-\u00ad\u2010reliance, \r education, \r shelter,\nand \r domestic \r energy \r solutions. \r Poverty \r graduation \r models \r will \r be \r explored, \r combining\nrelief \r assistance \r with \r capacity \r building \r measures, \r to \r enable \r the \r poorest \r individuals \r and\nhouseholds \r to \r move \r out \r of \r poverty.\n\nConsidering \r that \r decades \r of \r conflict, \r displacement \r and \r poverty \r have \r weakened\ntraditional \r community \r support \r and \r leadership \r structures \r will \r be \r important \r that \r the\ncapacities \r of \r communities, \r as \r well \r as \r local \r partners \r such \r as \r local \r NGOs, \r CBOs \r and\nborder-\u00ad\u2010based \r groups \r working \r out \r of \r Thailand, \r are \r effectively \r harnessed \r in \r support \r of\ndurable \r solutions. \r \r In \r particular \r border-\u00ad\u2010based \r organisations \r represent \r critical \r assets\nthat \r are \r complementary \r to \r the \r traditional \r agencies. \r The \r networks \r and \r working\nrelationships \r that \r Thai-\u00ad\u2010based \r organisations, \r which \r have \r been \r working \r with \r the \r refugee\nand \r IDP \r communities \r for \r about \r 30 \r years, \r have \r developed \r with \r displaced \r communities\nwill \r be \r invaluable \r in \r building \r trust \r and \r providing \r services.\n\nThe \r scope \r of \r activities \r required \r is \r likely \r to \r be \r significant \r and \r will \r require \r prioritized\nattention \r and \r significant \r donor \r support. \r Early \r support \r to \r kick-\u00ad\u2010start \r the \r reintegration\nprocess \r that \r will \r address \r immediate \r needs \r (initial \r phases) \r should \r transition \r to \r medium\nand \r longer \r term \r development \r projects \r (consolidation \r phase) \r to \r ensure \r the \r achievement\nof \r sustainable \r reintegration \r and \r eventually \r lead \r to \r a \r measurable \r UNHCR \r disengagement.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\nA \r set \r of \r standards \r and \r qualitative \r and \r quantitative \r indicators \r should \r be \r developed \r to\nmeasure \r progress \r toward \r the \r achievement \r of \r the \r reintegration \r objectives.\n\nThis \r section \r proposes \r various \r activities \r that \r should \r be \r considered \r to \r address \r immediate\nas \r well \r as \r longer-\u00ad\u2010term \r needs. \r UNHCR \r could \r take \r the \r lead \r on \r these \r activities \r or \r provide \r a\nco-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r or \r advocacy \r role, \r depending \r on \r the \r specific \r activity.\n\n\n**10.1.** **Phase \r 1 \r (current \r phase): \r Strengthening \r of \r IDP \r operations \r and**\n**preparation \r for \r refugee \r return \r while \r providing \r integrated**\n**assistance \r to \r spontaneous \r returnees**\n\n\n - Build \r on \r previously \r established \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r mechanisms \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r such \r as \r monthly\ninter-\u00ad\u2010agency \r meetings \r at \r state \r level, \r the \r South-\u00ad\u2010East \r Consultation \r and \r cross-\u00ad\u2010\nborder \r meetings \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r to \r strengthen \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r on \r durable \r solutions. \r Co-\u00ad\u2010\nordination \r systems \r shall \r facilitate \r respect \r for \r key \r protection \r and \r assistance\nstandards \r and \r enable \r the \r development \r of \r a \r strategic \r vision \r for \r durable \r solutions.\n\n - Strengthen \r information \r management \r and \r analysis \r capacities, \r including \r the\ndevelopment \r of \r tools \r to \r capture \r and \r analyse \r patterns \r of \r spontaneous \r returns\nand \r carry \r out \r protection \r assessments \r and \r monitoring. \r \r \r \r Information \r products\nwill \r also \r aim \r at \r supporting \r informed \r decision-\u00ad\u2010making \r by \r refugees \r in \r Thailand.\n\n - Enhance \r awareness, \r developing \r trust \r among \r stakeholders \r and \r building\ncapacities \r of \r central \r and \r local \r authorities, \r implementing \r and \r operational\npartners, \r civil \r society \r and \r local \r communities \r to \r support \r and \r deliver \r protection\nand \r assistance, \r including \r investing \r in \r support \r to \r community \r self-\u00ad\u2010management\nstructures \r and \r community \r mobilisation \r through \r training, \r awareness \r campaigns,\nand \r support \r to \r community \r committees.\n\n - Follow \r up \r and \r advocate \r with \r Immigration \r and \r National \r Registration \r Department\non \r expedited \r procedures \r for \r the \r issuance \r of \r CSCs \r for \r IDPs \r and \r returnees,\nincluding \r measures \r to \r prevent \r statelessness \r which \r properly \r address \r the \r specific\nsituation \r of \r refugees. \r Support \r authorities \r to \r ensure \r that \r internally \r displaced\npersons \r and \r returning \r refugees \r as \r well \r as \r former \r child \r soldiers \r do \r not \r miss \r the\nopportunity \r of \r obtaining \r CSCs.\n\n - Initiate \r negotiations \r for \r the \r removal \r of \r administrative \r and \r legal \r impediments\nwhich \r might \r inhibit \r sustainable \r return, \r such \r as \r taxation-\u00ad\u2010related \r issues.\n\n - Support \r a \r comprehensive \r evaluation \r of \r property \r laws \r and \r provide \r concrete\nproposals \r for \r revisions \r that \r will \r ensure \r the \r restoration \r or \r repossession \r of \r land\nrights \r by \r returnees.\n\n - Provide \r access \r to \r legal \r services \r through \r advocacy \r interventions \r and \r training \r in\nserving \r the \r legal \r needs \r of \r returnees \r and \r offering \r appropriate \r legal \r assistance.\n\n - Provide \r assistance \r to \r mine \r victims \r and \r support \r Mine \r Risk \r Education \r (MRE)\nwhile \r following \r up \r and \r advocate \r for \r the \r implementation \r of \r humanitarian \r mine\naction \r including \r survey, \r mapping, \r marking \r and \r clearance \r of \r contaminated \r areas,\nespecially \r in \r areas \r of \r potential \r and \r current \r return. \r Develop \r key \r advocacy\nmessages \r and \r co-\u00ad\u2010ordination \r mechanisms \r to \r ensure \r that \r displaced \r communities\nare \r aware \r of \r any \r landmine \r contamination \r in \r places \r of \r origin \r and \r transit.\n\n - Advocate \r for \r the \r recognition \r of \r education \r certificates \r received \r in \r country \r of\nasylum \r and \r the \r development \r of \r bi-\u00ad\u2010lingual \r educational \r programmes.\n\n - Conducting \r awareness-\u00ad\u2010raising \r on \r SGBV \r prevention \r and \r response, \r assisting \r SGBV\nvictims \r through \r established \r referral \r mechanisms \r for \r treatment \r and \r psycho-\u00ad\u2010\nsocial \r support, \r and \r supporting \r community-\u00ad\u2010based \r protection \r solutions.\n\n - Establish \r community \r based \r mechanisms \r for \r identifying \r EVIs \r and \r provide\ntailored \r assistance.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\n - Contribute \r to \r the \r CTFMR \r efforts \r in \r documenting, \r verifying, \r reporting \r and\nresponding \r to \r grave \r child \r rights \r violations, \r including \r recruiting \r and \r using\nchildren \r in \r armed \r conflict.\n\n - Conduct \r multi-\u00ad\u2010sector \r baseline \r assessments \r and \r identify \r proxy \r indicators \r for \r self-\u00ad\u2010\nreliance; \r establish \r monitoring \r and \r evaluation \r system \r in \r order \r to \r track \r progress\nmade \r on \r key \r indicators \r over \r the \r framework \r period.\n\n - Support \r and \r participate \r to \r multi-\u00ad\u2010sector \r need \r assessments \r and \r planning \r process,\nin \r particular \r in \r areas \r of \r current \r or \r potential \r return.\n\n - Provide \r an \r initial \r light \r rapid \r response \r to \r spontaneous \r IDP \r and \r refugee\nreturnees, \r identified \r through \r returnee \r monitoring, \r by \r providing \r NFIs \r and\nrelevant \r protection \r interventions \r on \r a \r needs \r basis, \r as \r well \r as \r community-\u00ad\u2010based\nassistance \r to \r receiving \r communities, \r with \r a \r view \r to \r building \r confidence \r in \r the\nreturn \r process.\n\n - Advocate \r with \r Government, \r donors \r and \r private \r sector \r in \r regard \r to \r rehabilitation\nof \r main \r roads \r to \r key \r potential \r returnee \r areas \r and \r establishment \r of \r facilities \r that\ncould \r eventually \r support \r an \r organised \r return.\n\n\n**10.2.** **Phase \r 2: \r Expansion \r of \r integrated \r support \r to \r spontaneous \r returnees**\n**and \r their \r communities**\n\nPreparedness \r activities \r will \r continue \r and \r will \r be \r strengthened, \r including \r assistance \r to\nspontaneous \r return. \r As \r patterns \r of \r spontaneous \r returns \r to \r specific \r locations \r emerge, \r in\nparticular \r with \r the \r return \r of \r entire \r households, \r UNHCR \r will \r enhance \r its \r assistance \r to\nreturnees \r and \r their \r communities \r though \r an \r integrated \r multi-\u00ad\u2010sector \r package \r of\ninterventions \r with \r the \r aim \r of \r building \r confidence \r without \r creating \r an \r artificial \r \u2018pull\u2019\nfactor. \r UNHCR \r will \r aim \r to \r play \r a \r leading \r role \r in \r bringing \r partners \r together \r to \r address\nthe \r identified \r needs, \r in \r the \r area \r of \r legal, \r physical \r and \r material \r safety, \r collectively \r and \r in\nan \r integrated \r manner.\n\n\n**10.3.** **Phase \r 3: \r Refugee \r repatriation \r and \r initial \r reintegration \r operations**\n\nPrevious \r phases \r activities \r will \r be \r further \r strengthened \r and \r operationalized \r with \r a\nfocus \r on \r providing \r immediate \r relief \r assistance \r to \r newly \r returned \r refugees \r while\nenhancing \r early \r recovery \r and \r development \r partnerships. \r Activities \r specific \r to \r this\nphase \r will \r include:\n\n\n - Provision \r of \r immediate \r relief \r assistance \r such \r as \r food, \r non-\u00ad\u2010food \r items \r and\nshelter \r in \r accordance \r with \r international \r standards \r and \r any \r nationally \r agreed\nhumanitarian \r standards. \r Particular \r support \r will \r be \r provided \r to \r the \r most\nvulnerable \r previously \r identified \r through \r a \r referral \r mechanism \r with \r the \r country\nof \r asylum.\n\n - Co-\u00ad\u2010existence \r activities \r in \r areas \r of \r return, \r including \r through \r working \r with \r CBOs\nfor \r the \r identification \r of \r key \r points \r of \r current/potential \r tensions, \r designing \r of\njoint \r reintegration \r projects, \r and \r conducting \r cultural \r activities \r that \r foster\ntraditional \r values \r of \r consideration \r and \r peace.\n\n - Constructing/rehabilitating \r basic \r facilities, \r such \r as \r health, \r safe \r drinking \r water\nsystems \r and \r sanitation \r as \r well \r as \r improving/expanding \r services.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_UNHCR \r Discussion \r Paper \r \u201315 \r June \r 2013_\n\n\n - Contribute \r towards \r a \r comprehensive \r livelihood \r support \r programme. \r As \r per\nlocal \r needs \r and \r opportunities, \r this \r may \r include \r skills \r and \r employment\npromotion; \r support \r to \r productive \r assets \r and \r community \r infrastructure;\nenterprise \r development; \r microfinance \r promotion.\n\n - Ensure \r the \r provision \r of \r mine \r risk \r education \r before \r return \r and \r upon \r arrival,\nensure \r the \r prioritization \r of \r mine \r marking \r of \r contaminated \r areas \r in \r areas \r of\nreturn \r and \r advocate \r and \r support, \r if \r required, \r punctual \r clearance \r of \r critical \r areas\nsuch \r as \r access \r roads \r to \r basic \r services \r (schools, \r hospitals, \r etc).\n\n - Capitalize \r on \r the \r experience \r and \r expertise \r developed \r by \r committees \r in \r the\ncamps, \r such \r as \r the \r GBV \r committees, \r and \r re-\u00ad\u2010mobilize \r their \r members \r in \r places \r of\nreturn \r to \r strengthen \r prevention \r and \r response \r networks.\n\n\n**10.4.** **Phase \r 4: \r Consolidation \r of \r reintegration \r operations**\n\nUNHCR \r will \r facilitate \r and \r support \r the \r reintegration \r process \r increasingly \r involving\nspecialized development organisations implementing long-\u00ad\u2010term area-\u00ad\u2010based\nprogrammes \r in \r support \r to \r the \r Government \r and \r in \r the \r framework \r of \r national\ndevelopment \r plans, \r ensuring \r appropriate \r delegation \r and \r follow \r up \r on \r commitments.\n\n\n**10.5.** **Phase \r 5: \r Reintegration \r operations \r are \r scaled \r down \r and \r phased \r out**\n\nUNHCR \r will \r gradually \r phase \r down \r its \r direct \r assistance \r reviewing, \r together \r with\nstakeholders \r progress \r achieved \r on \r repatriation \r and \r reintegration, \r including \r analysing\nprospects \r for \r durable \r solutions \r and \r efforts \r to \r mainstream \r reintegration \r needs \r in\nnational \r policies \r and \r programmes. \r As \r key \r benchmarks \r are \r met, \r UNHCR \r will \r review \r and\nrefine \r its \r disengagement \r plan, \r including \r the \r timing \r and \r degree \r of \r phasing \r out \r from\nspecific \r projects \r and \r activities. \r A \r communication \r strategy \r will \r be \r designed \r to \r inform\nstakeholders \r of \r UNHCR \r progressive \r disengagement. \r The \r reintegration \r operation \r will \r be\nregularly \r reviewed \r and \r evaluated \r and \r lessons \r gathered \r for \r future \r application \r in \r other\noperations.\n\nUNHCR \r Myanmar\n15 \r June \r 2013\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c6a661d-c5d0-3ea4-86b1-74f6fdec12e1/SupportingDurableSolutionsinSEMyanmar-finalJune2013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_65/raw/doc_65_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_65/raw/doc_65_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 63cf68667b070811fbf602e86df5206135ea57bb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_65/raw/doc_65_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "More than 4 million forcibly displaced Somalis are living in over 3,700 spontaneous informal settlements [1]\nthat are self-identified locations, with limited or no access to services and humanitarian assistance and\ninadequate shelters. 81% of these informal settlements are located on private land. Insecure\naccommodation arrangements trigger constant eviction threats or actual evictions, land grabbing and\nother housing, land, and property (HLP) related issues, leading to complex protection needs. Diverse risk\ngroups live in these sites, including high numbers of women, children, older persons, people living with\ndisabilities and persons with specific needs, whose living situation in the settlements heightens exposure\nto various protection risks, including gender-based violence.\n\nContinued protection risks, reflecting decades of conflict and violence, recurrent natural disasters are\nbeing exacerbated and further entrenched while access to services and assistance remedies is decreasing.\n3.9 million people are estimated to need protection, given the severe HLP violations, such as forced\nevictions, that continue to be reported, Inadequate shelter and housing is also increasing women and\ngirls risks of being confronted to gender-based violence (GBV). [2]\n\n\n1 The terms \u2018site\u2019 and \u2018settlement\u2019 are used interchangeably.\n2 UNHCR. (2024). Somalia Protection and Solutions Monitoring Network. UNHCR\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thousands of Somalis are confronted with forced evictions, with over 18,000 internally displaced persons\n(IDPs) displaced every month. The need for HLP assistance is increasing, meaning the timely start of\nprevention activities is crucial to ensure effective implementation.\n\n4.6 million displaced people are identified to need shelter and NFI assistance, with slightly more than 88%\nof households reporting living in a makeshift shelter according to REACH assessment or partially\ndamaged, or fully destroyed shelter, due to previous conflicts and disasters. Considering the high cost of\nshelter repairs and the already negative net income of households, reconstruction comes at a high cost\nthat is not affordable for most. Failure to address these issues would mean hundreds of vulnerable\nhouseholds have no choice but to remain in inadequate, unsecured, and often overcrowded shelters,\nwith severe implications for their health, protection, socio- economic situation and personal security especially for children, older persons, people living with disabilities, women, and girls.\n\n\nSomalia is gradually recovering from its prolonged conflict, which has led to widespread displacement.\nIDPs face significant challenges, particularly in securing HLP rights. With weak governance structures,\nSomalia\u2019s legal systems remain fragmented, complicating access to justice for vulnerable populations.\nMany IDPs live in urban centers, where land tenure insecurity is widespread, leading to frequent forced\nevictions, which further displace already vulnerable communities. Eviction data gathered by the HLP Area\nof Responsibility (AoR) since 2015, indicates that over 1.7 million IDPs experienced forced evictions in\nrecent years. By the end of September 2024 alone, over 98,000 people were forcefully evicted, in violation\nof both national and international law and policy/guidelines. Up to 60% of all evictions reported are\noccurring in informal IDP settlements located in urban areas, in particular Mogadishu, Baidoa, Kismayo,\nBosaso, Garowe among others. [3]\n\nThe justice system in Somalia is complex, consisting of secular law enforced by regular civilian courts,\nclan-based common law (xeer), and Shari\u2019a courts. This legal plurality has made it difficult for IDPs and\nmarginalized groups to navigate the system and secure HLP rights. While formal institutions are slowly\nbeing strengthened, the dominant role of traditional clan elders in dispute resolution excludes many IDPs\nwho lack clan protection, leaving them vulnerable to rights violations. [4]\n\n\n_Figure 1:_ _Norwegian Refugee Council/ Informal IDP settlement in Daynile_ _Mogadishu_ _Somalia_\n\n\n3 [https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/](https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/)\n4 Gundel, J. (2006). The Predicament of the \u2018Oday\u2019: The Role of Traditional Structures in Security, Rights, Law and Development in Somalia.\n\nNairobi: Danish Refugee Council. Xeer agreements are concluded solely between Somali clans, while minority groups which are not\nconsidered of Somali origin are excluded from the xeer system.\n\n\nPage **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Eviction data", - "confidence": 0.9929043650627136, - "start": 259, - "end": 261 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8959617018699646, - "start": 294, - "end": 295 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.957342803478241, - "start": 272, - "end": 273 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9843494296073914, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite the legal and institutional challenges, efforts are being made to address HLP rights in Somalia.\nThe introduction of the National IDP Policy, National Eviction Guidelines of 2019 [5], and a Durable Solutions\nStrategy are crucial steps forward. However, enforcement remains a significant challenge, and many\ndisplaced persons continue to live in precarious conditions with little access to secure land tenure or legal\nrecourse in case of disputes. [6]\n\nLimited access to HLP not only exacerbates their vulnerability but also hampers economic recovery.\nWithout secure property rights, IDPs face difficulties in establishing livelihoods, and many are at risk of\nrepeated displacement due to land disputes and forced evictions. [7] Addressing HLP rights is vital for longterm stability in Somalia. Protecting these rights will require strengthening legal frameworks, harmonizing\nformal and informal justice systems, and providing greater support to vulnerable populations. Without\nrobust efforts to resolve HLP issues, the cycle of displacement and conflict is likely to continue.\n\n\n\n\n\nWhile a variety of reasons may explain this general de-prioritization of HLP in humanitarian operations,\nthis paper asserts that there is a pressing need to ensure that all interventions \u2013 at a minimum \u2013 should\nmainstream HLP. Further, it outlines what the international community ought to be doing to better\naddress the HLP specific needs of people in acute emergencies or post-conflict circumstances. However,\nfew organizations address HLP issues beyond a peripheral way.\n\nMost interventions are considered lifesaving and fail to go as far as ensuring the sustainability of these\nlifesaving interventions, often implemented on some form of HLP, and none adequately housing, land, or\nproperty rights concerns in an integral manner. For instance, the international community rarely even\nuses the term \u2018housing\u2019, let alone \u2018housing rights\u2019, and instead uses the terms \u2018shelter\u2019 or \u2018property\u2019 to\ndescribe responses to the daily living conditions and housing issues confronting displacement affected\ncommunities.\n\n\n\n5 Somalia: National Eviction Guidelines, 2019, https://www.refworld.org/legal/decreees/natlegbod/2019/en/122891\n6 Federal Government of Somalia. (2021). National Eviction Guidelines. Mogadishu: Ministry of Planning.\n7 World Bank. (2022). Somalia Economic Update: Strengthening Economic Recovery and Resilience. World Bank Group; see also United\n\n\n\nNations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), Memorandum of Understanding Between the United Nations Human Settlements\nProgramme (UN-Habitat) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), -, UN High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR), 17 December 2003, https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unhcr/2003/en/19833\n8 [Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing | OHCHR; see also https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing)\n\n\n\n[housing/international-standards.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/international-standards)\n\n\n\nPage **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Housing rights concerns are far broader than shelter, hence the need to consider a rights-based approach\nto HLP. Indeed, HLP issues are extremely complex and often difficult to resolve but can be managed if\nwell resourced. Some of the key factors that have affected the prioritization of HLP in humanitarian\noperations include: lack of technical staff with HLP expertise; the reluctance of local political actors with\nvested interests in housing or land to support such initiatives; the perception that the HLP rights\nchallenges are simply too large to address; the complexities, scale and historical nature of the problems\ninvolved; the financial costs associated with systematically addressing these problems; the perception\nthat addressing these rights could potentially reignite the recently ended conflict; the lack of major donor\nsupport for encompassing approaches to HLP rights.\n\n\nIn Somalia, the HLP situation presents significant challenges because of the massive scale of\ndisplacement and the substantial amount of land and assets involved. Further, the widespread unlawful\noccupation of properties by individuals lacking valid legal title, the fragmentation of state authority\nfollowing the 1991 civil conflict, the existence of a pluralistic legal system with overlapping jurisdictions,\nand the large-scale destruction or loss of pre-war land title documentation led to legal uncertainty.\nMoreover, HLP related matters have a profound impact on displaced populations as many have been\nforced to leave homes, villages, jobs, and family members. This has created substantial barriers to\nvoluntary returns.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES**\n\n\nThe most significant challenges related to HLP rights in Somalia include a weak legal framework,\ninsufficient institutional capacity, unclear land tenure arrangements, and widespread forced evictions.\nUncertainty surrounding the status and availability of HLP rights further complicates the situation,\nparticularly for IDPs. Additionally, issues of property restitution and land ownership are politically\nsensitive, as territorial control was a major factor in the 1991 conflict.\n\nAlthough these HLP challenges are common in post-conflict settings, in Somalia, they have not received\nthe attention they warrant. Housing, land, and property disputes are often central to the root causes of\nconflict and continue to be under-prioritized by both national authorities and the international\ncommunity. HLP matters are particularly delicate in Somalia, as land is one of the few remaining valuable\nassets in a country where infrastructure, agriculture, and industry have been severely damaged by\ndecades of conflict. Therefore, this brief aims to provide a clearer understanding of the barriers that have\nhindered a consistent and comprehensive approach to resolving HLP issues in Somalia.\n\n\n\n_Figure 2: A woman constructing temporary shelter in Kaxda, Mogadishu, Somalia (Photo: NRC)._\n\n\n\nPage **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Major Housing, Land, and Property Issues and Concerns in Somalia**\n\n\nThe protracted displacement crisis, compounded by conflict and recurrent natural disasters, has further\nweakened Somalia\u2019s already fragile governance structures. Efforts to restore HLP rights are hindered by\na plural legal system, as well as weak legal and policy frameworks. Many Somalis lack valid\ndocumentation to prove ownership of land or dwellings. Additionally, women and other marginalized\ngroups, mostly in IDP camps, often face discriminatory ownership and inheritance practices, which can\nlead to their eviction.\n\nIn the context of ongoing displacement, displaced persons face significant challenges, including\ninadequate and unsafe living conditions in many displacement sites. Humanitarian assistance is often\ninaccessible outside official IDP camps, particularly due to gatekeeping issues. Families living on land\nwithout secure tenure, or those squatting in abandoned property, are at high risk of eviction. Barriers to\nreturn are also substantial, as many homes abandoned by IDPs have been looted, destroyed, or illegally\noccupied.\n\n_As one of the Internally Displaced Person_ s described:\n\n_\"We traveled for three days to Daynile, where we settled in abandoned houses. We have been here for_\n_five months. The original occupants moved to another camp for better access to humanitarian aid. If they_\n_return, we\u2019ll be forced to leave. Local leaders ask us to prove our identity, but we have no documents. We_\n_face eviction at any time, and we cannot afford to rent land or housing.\"_\n\nProtecting the HLP rights of displacement-affected communities (DACs), including IDPs seeking to return\nto their original homes, is increasingly recognized as essential for peacebuilding efforts in Somalia. To\naddress these challenges, the CCCM (Camp Coordination and Camp Management), Shelter, and\nProtection clusters, alongside durable solutions actors, have supported integrated HLP interventions and\ncoordinated efforts to safeguard these rights.\n\n**Large-Scale Secondary Occupation of Housing, Land, and Property**\nIn rural and peri-urban areas, unauthorized occupation of housing, land, and property is widespread,\nparticularly since 1991. While certain cases of secondary occupation, such as the use of commercial\ngovernment farms, require reversal, it is vital to protect secondary occupants from homelessness, forced\neviction, or other human rights violations. In practice, secondary occupants with legitimate humanitarian\nneeds may voluntarily vacate premises if their housing issues are resolved through the provision of\nalternative dwellings, land parcels, or compensation.\n\n**Housing and Property Restitution**\nSomalia continues to face longstanding pre-conflict ownership and tenancy disputes, some of which\nexisted before the civil war. In many cases, no clear title to land or dwellings exists, while in others,\nmultiple claimants have laid competing claims to the same property. HLP actors have found that\nhumanitarian intervention is necessary to resolve such disputes, which, if left unaddressed, can become\nsources of renewed conflict and instability.\n\n\nPage **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Plural Legal System and Weak Legal and Policy Framework**\nAddressing HLP issues in Somalia is further complicated by a plural legal system, including customary\n(xeer), Islamic Shari\u2019a, and statutory legal frameworks, which often conflict with one another.\nAdditionally, the national legislation on HLP rights is internally inconsistent and misaligned with\ninternational legal standards. Humanitarian and development partners can play a critical role in\nharmonizing Somalia\u2019s legal framework with international norms to ensure more effective protection of\nHLP rights.\n\n**Destruction of Ownership and Tenancy Records**\nThe confiscation or destruction of HLP records\u2014including property titles, local cadastres, and registries\u2014\nhas severely impacted land rights in Somalia. Without such records, proving ownership or tenancy rights\nis exceedingly difficult. There is an urgent need to restore or create new registration systems to address\nthese challenges **.**\n\n**Housing and Property Damage and Destruction**\nWidespread damage and destruction of housing have led to severe shortages of habitable dwellings.\nMany IDPs have occupied public lands and buildings for years, as most of the housing stock was either\ndestroyed or left uninhabitable. The remaining housing is often overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsuitable\nfor long-term habitation. The combination of conflict, displacement, damaged housing, and the absence\nof the rule of law has resulted in high levels of homelessness and landlessness, particularly among\nvulnerable groups. While humanitarian agencies have assisted some IDPs, a comprehensive approach to\nHLP remains lacking.\n\n**Resolving Housing, Land, and Property Rights Disputes**\nAs DACs return to their original homes or seek new settlements, competition over limited resources,\nincluding land, leads to disputes over HLP rights. These disputes are exacerbated by the weakened justice\nsystem and may result in violence and insecurity. Many claimants lack documentation to prove\nownership, even when they have legitimate rights, while others occupy homes under lawful titles.\nFurther complicating matters, there are cases of unregistered or unofficial property transfers, claims\nfrom bona fide purchasers, disputes over improvements made by illegal occupants, and conflicts over\nboundary determination, tenancy, and cultivation rights.\n\n\n**E** **S**\n\n# 1. Land Allocation: Allocating land for IDP settlements and ensuring secure tenure is to create stable,\n\nwell-organized communities where displaced populations can establish livelihoods and reduce the\nrisks associated with overcrowded informal settlements. With secure tenure, IDPs will be more\nlikely to invest in their homes and local economies, thereby promoting community stability and\nlong-term sustainability.\n\nTo achieve this, the Federal government of Somalia through the office of the Prime Minister\nshould lead a process to identify and earmark specific areas for settling IDPs and collaborate with\nurban planners to design climate-resilient and sustainable settlements in these areas that can\n\n\nPage **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HLP records", - "confidence": 0.9782836437225342, - "start": 111, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.98372882604599, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5099670886993408, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "local cadastres", - "confidence": 0.6820589900016785, - "start": 118, - "end": 120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9330721497535706, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "adequately accommodate IDPs and cater for future population growth in the nearby urban\ncities/town. Identifying and securing land that offers long-term tenure for IDPs will provide\nstability and enable humanitarian actors to plan infrastructure, such as water and sanitation\nsystems, effectively.\n\n# 2. Access to HLP Rights and Compensation Mechanisms: Restoring the HLP rights of displaced\n\npopulations will foster social cohesion and enable economic recovery. When people can reclaim\ntheir homes or receive fair compensation for lost properties, it reduces tensions within\ncommunities and restores individuals' ability to rebuild their lives. This promotes a sense of justice\nand supports overall recovery in displacement-affected areas.\n\nTo achieve this, the government needs to create a clear, streamlined process that allows displaced\nindividuals to file claims for lost or damaged properties. Additionally, establishing a transparent\ncompensation mechanism will ensure that those who cannot reclaim their homes receive\nappropriate compensation. The process must be easily accessible and monitored to prevent\ncorruption or delays.\n\n# 3. Timely Disbursement of Funds and Local Capacity Building : the Protection cluster and in\n\nparticular the HLP AoR is the list funded cluster in Somalia. This has greatly limited HLP\ninterventions in all the affected areas. Prioritizing funding by HCT and donors to the Protection\nand CCCM cluster will enable timely and effective monitoring of HLP issues, HLP due diligence,\ndata collection to inform responses, support system strengthening as well as delivery of HLP\nservices and protection to displacement-affected communities in a more efficient and\ncoordinated manner. This will ensure that critical needs are met on time, preventing further\ndisplacement and harm to vulnerable populations. By building local capacity, humanitarian\nresponses will become more sustainable and resilient to future crises.\n\n# 4. Reforming the Legal Framework and HLP Registration Systems: The harmonization of Somalia\u2019s\n\nplural legal systems (customary, Shari\u2019a, and statutory laws) with international legal standards will\nlead to more consistent and equitable resolution of HLP disputes. This will reduce conflicts over\nland and property, protect vulnerable groups, and provide a clearer legal basis for individuals to\nassert their rights. Furthermore, establishing a transparent and accessible housing, land, and\nproperty registration system will reduce disputes and secure tenure for displaced populations,\nreducing the risk of land grabbing or wrongful eviction.\n\nTo achieve this, the HLP AoR should carry out a legal analysis of current legal and policy\nframeworks to support the Government in taking forward ongoing legal processes and support\nlegal decision-making. The HLP AoR, jointly with relevant stakeholders will advocate for funding\nto support the Federal Government of Somalia to initiate drafting of legislative reforms that\nintegrate the different legal systems. The policies should also guide on the expansion of the\nnational digital registry, particularly in conflict-affected areas, as this will help documentation of\nHLP ownership and provide long-term solutions for safeguarding property records, even in times\nof conflict or disaster.\n\n# **5. Addressing Gender Disparities and Supporting Marginalized Communities in accessing HLP**\n\n**rights** : This will increase social equity and protection of vulnerable populations, particularly\n\n\nPage **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women and marginalized groups who are disproportionately affected by displacement. Ensuring\nthat women, especially widows, divorced women, and female-headed households, have access to\nHLP rights will empower them economically and reduce their vulnerability to exploitation and\ndiscrimination.\n\nTo achieve this, the legal reforms must explicitly protect women\u2019s inheritance and ownership\nrights, clarifying the interactions with customary laws to ensure that discriminatory practices do\nnot prevent them from accessing these HLP rights. Further, the HLP AoR will work closely with\nrelevant clusters and actors to reduce the influence of power of gatekeepers who engage in oven\nperpetuates discriminatory practices such as targeted evictions. This will be achieved by\nadvocating for and creating alternative livelihood opportunities as well as working closely with\nlocal governments and traditional leaders or elders.\n\n# 6. Preventing Forced Evictions and Enhancing Accountability: By ensuring that evictions comply\n\nwith national laws and international standards, vulnerable individuals will be less likely to\nexperience homelessness or lose their livelihoods as a result of eviction. This will enhance stability\nin displacement-affected areas and improve the overall protection environment.\n\nTo achieve this, the legal analysis should lead to enactment of legally binding laws that protect\nagainst arbitrary evictions. While legislative processes take a long time, the Humanitarian\nCountry Team and Protection cluster should continue advocating with the Office of the Prime\nMinister and the Office of the Mayor of Benadir Regional Administration for the effective\nimplementation of the 2019 National Eviction Guidelines to protect against arbitrary and forced\neviction and protect the human rights to adequate housing and other related human rights as\noutlines in paragraph 2.1 of the Guidelines. More so, Legal assistance should be provided to IDPs\nfacing eviction, and alternative housing solutions must be available to those who are evicted to\nensure they are not left homeless.\n\n\n_Protection is a humanitarian priority, not an option._\n\n\n_Protection waa Mudnaanta Gargarka Bini'aadnimo ee Maahan Ikhtiyaar._\n\n\nPage **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0d2e44ff-e123-48d2-a413-b815e0014476/241030_joint_advocacy_paper_-_housing_land_and_property_rights-somalia_2024_fv_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_650/raw/doc_650_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_650/raw/doc_650_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 320595b05b5fee95478d3455358face81585cebe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_650/raw/doc_650_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,486 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Surviving as We Can**\n\n## **Risks of Gender Based Violence (GBV), and Sexual** **Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), Relating to Private and** **Collective Accommodation, Livelihoods, and Accessibility,** **for Persons Fleeing Ukraine:**\n\n### **POLAND**\n\n## **SUMMARY REPORT**\n\n**UNHCR, in collaboration with Centrum Praw Kobiet (CPK), CORE, Foundation**\n**Towards Dialogue, Fundacja Faros Elpidas, IOM, IRC, Foundation against human**\n\n**trafficking-La Strada, Mudita Association, Project Hope, PRO-FIL, Podkarpackie**\n**Stowarzyszenie dla Aktywnych Rodzin (PSAR), Sex Work Polska, The Central Roma**\n\n**Council of Poland, The European Disability Forum, The PSEA Network, The MHPSS**\n\n**Task Force, Topaz, & UNICEF**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **INTRODUCTION**\n\nSince the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian military on February 24 [th], 2022, a total **8,104,606** **[1]**\npersons fleeing Ukraine have been recorded across Europe, with **4,881,590** being registered\nunder Temporary Protection Scheme or similar national protection schemes. As of one year\ninto the armed conflict, **1, 563, 386** of these Ukrainians have registered under temporary\n[protection in Poland. Humanitarian actors have brought attention to the gendered nature of](https://eca.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/07/brief-analysis-on-the-gendered-impacts-of-the-crisis-in-ukraine-a-focus-on-moldova-0)\n[the crisis, in that for example, the majority of the population on the move constitutes women](https://eca.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/07/brief-analysis-on-the-gendered-impacts-of-the-crisis-in-ukraine-a-focus-on-moldova-0)\nand children, inferring a high percentage of women-headed households. Indeed, according to\na regional protection profiling and monitoring exercise, [2] **87%** of respondents in Poland\nidentified as female. The gendered dynamics of displacement, coupled with underlying as well\nas conflict-related safety concerns for women and girls, have exacerbated risks of different\nforms of GBV, including sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA).\n\nThough it is known that persons and/or groups at risk of exclusion generally face greater risk\nof GBV, alongside other protection concerns, significant knowledge gaps remain to fully\nunderstand the intersectionality of risks facing persons fleeing from Ukraine. Within the same\nregional protection profiling exercise, **24%** of households in Poland indicated having at least\none family member with specific needs related to a disability [3] or serious medical condition.\nThis is of particular concern for GBV, given evidence of a bi-directional relationship between\ndisability and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation (i.e., disability is both a risk factor\nfor, as well as an outcome of IPV victimisation). Similarly, persons of Roma origin are reported\nto make up a significant portion of those arriving to Poland from Ukraine. Women of Roma\norigin are reported to face heightened risk of GBV, including due to pervasive discrimination.\n\nThe majority of persons fleeing Ukraine in Europe [(an estimated 66%) rely on private](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95010)\naccommodation options available in host countries. This was noted by UNHCR staff\nthroughout the region, to present challenges with regard to visibility, access, monitoring of\nrisks, and oversight mechanisms etc. Within Poland, **42%** of respondents to the regional\nprotection profiling reported living in rented accommodation, with **3%** relying on\naccommodation provided by an employer, and **7%** being hosted by others. A dearth of reliable\ndata on private accommodation has been reported across the region and private\naccommodation is recognised as an area with which humanitarian actors are less familiar,\nwith less pre-established guidance and standards. Integration of focus on private\naccommodation represents an added value within the exercise reported on below, results of\nwhich may have relevance both within Poland and other countries participating in the Regional\nResponse Plan.\n\n## **METHODS**\n\nThe Safety Assessment aimed to:\n\n\n**1.** Engage government entities, local women\u2019s organizations as well as representatives from\n\ndifferent humanitarian sectors, to improve the mainstreaming of GBV and (where relevant)\nSEA risk reduction and response across all sectors.\n\n\n1 Figures recorded as of February 28th 2023.\n2 Based on 20,009 interviews conducted between October 2022 \u2013 February 2023, up-to-date as of March 1st 2023.\n3 Including difficulties walking, seeing, hearing, remembering, communicating, or in self-care.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional protection profiling and monitoring exercise", - "confidence": 0.9896695017814636, - "start": 155, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.8984515070915222, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6932438015937805, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "regional\nprotection profiling", - "confidence": 0.989085853099823, - "start": 459, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.543704628944397, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.8223270773887634, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8636958599090576, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Safety Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5625629425048828, - "start": 576, - "end": 578 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.5640605688095093, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6850265860557556, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** Adapt and test GBV Safety Assessment Tools with the Ukrainian refugee community\n\nwithin Poland that can be shared with different stakeholders to increase capacity to assess\nand reduce GBV, including SEA risks, across different humanitarian programs and in\nadditional locations.\n\n\n**3.** Identify risk factors related to GBV, including SEA, as well as broader protection risks\n\nfacing the Ukrainian refugee community in selected locations within Poland, including **a)**\nsite-specific risks within collective accommodation centres; and **b)** linked to privately\nrented or hosted accommodation, and formulate cross-sectoral recommendations for riskreduction. Community perceptions relating to availability and access to services for GBV\nresponse, including complaints and reporting mechanisms, will also be gathered.\n\n\n**4.** To assess capacity to protect refugees from SEA among key stakeholders in the Safety\n\nAssessment process, based on the Eight Core Standards for PSEA Capacity, and\nformulate recommendations to further strengthen PSEA interventions.\n\nThe Safety Assessment used a set of adapted, contextualized, and translated versions of\nqualitative data collection tools within the global UNHCR Safety Assessment Toolkit to\nfacilitate the collection of qualitative data. Methods used, included **Focus Group Discussions**\n**(FGDs)**, **Key Informant Interviews (KIIs),** and the use of an **Observational Checklist.** Tools\nalso integrated a lens on both PSEA and accessibility for persons with disabilities, supported\nby International Rescue Committee (IRC), The European Disability Forum (EDF), and Mudita\nAssociation (Poland). The exercise was conducted according to international guidance and\nstandards for research or documentation involving human subjects, specifically those\nformulated to address concerns related to GBV, including in emergency settings. [4] Training\nwas provided to all those within the data collection team, to be able to appropriately discuss\nthe issue of safety and respond to potential disclosures of GBV. Those within the data\ncollection team represented both international and national, civil society organisations. Both\npurposive and snowball sampling were used. The Assessment sought to involve persons\nand/or groups at risk of exclusion, or positions of vulnerability. Data recording and storage\nwere optimised for data protection. Data analysis included both top-down and bottom-up\nmethods. Finally, an in-person workshop was held among relevant actors, in order to validate\nand increase the feasibility of recommendations provided in response to findings.\n\n## **RESULTS**\n\nAll data collection took place between November 2022-February 2023. A total of seven FGDs\nand twenty-five key informant interviews (among 32 participants) were held. Of seven FGDs,\nthree were held in Warsaw, three in Rzeszow, and one in Krakow. A total of six FGDs (n= 37)\nwere conducted among women fleeing Ukraine (with an age range of 20-68), and one among\nservice providers of a Women\u2019s Rights Organization. Three of seven discussions (n=14)\ncentred experiences of those living within privately rented or hosted accommodation. Within\nthe other three (n= 23), participants were living within collective accommodation centres.\nWithin two of these three discussions, the focus was placed on experiences in collective\naccommodation, while the other, conducted with the support of a community-led organisation,\nfocused on experiences of Ukrainian women of Roma origin. One discussion focused\nspecifically on the experience of older Ukrainian women.\n\n\n4 Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence against Women. WHO,\nGeneva, 2002. Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Interviewing Trafficked Women. WHO, Geneva, 2003. Manual on the\nEffective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. OHCHR,\nNew York and Geneva. 2004. Researching violence against women: a practical guide for researchers and activists. WHO,\nGeneva, 2005. Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Researching, Documenting and Monitoring Sexual Violence in\nEmergencies. WHO, Geneva, 2007. Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Perpetration of Sexual Violence,\nSexual Violence Research Initiative. Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. 2012.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Safety Assessment Tools", - "confidence": 0.8793462514877319, - "start": 9, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Poland", - "confidence": 0.8188232779502869, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian refugee community", - "confidence": 0.9762722849845886, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8223293423652649, - "start": 224, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8597527742385864, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6737039685249329, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.783368706703186, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5245234966278076, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.5775837302207947, - "start": 239, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7640472650527954, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Warsaw,", - "confidence": 0.6044797897338867, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8109639883041382, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "human subjects", - "confidence": 0.5559675097465515, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Key informants included psychologists within collective accommodation, MHPSS Programme\nCoordinators, Municipal Government, faith-based actors, sex worker rights activists,\nadolescent and child care facility educators, anti-trafficking advocates, staff associated with\ncollective accommodation shelters (including programme coordinators, volunteers, human\nresources (HR) managers, and administrators), PSEA specialists, members of an organisation\nsupporting Roma inclusion, staff within a national organisation for persons with disabilities,\nand a regional expert on the rights of persons with disabilities.\n\n\nThe above was complemented by use of the Observational Checklist to assess five collective\naccommodation centres, with varying capacity, management and infrastructure. Locations for\ncentres included Warsaw, Krakow, and \u0141\u00f3d\u017a.\n\n**RISKS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND**\n**ABUSE**\n\n**PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION**\nPotential risks for GBV in private accommodation related to: psychological distress (such as\ndue to fear of eviction, perceived loss of dignity relating to difficulties finding accommodation\nand treatment by neighbours or host communities, pressure to integrate into household\ndynamics), lack of awareness of tenants\u2019 rights, challenges in self-advocacy, decreased\ncapacity to appraise information, power imbalances among hosts/landlords and tenants\n(which were exacerbated due to lack of paper trails, set-up of subsidy schemes i.e. hosts\nreceiving payment, language barriers i.e. tenants being unable to read contracts where\nexisting). Power imbalances were reported at times to lead to arbitrary rule-setting such as\nincreasing of rent, requests for double payment, threat of eviction, limited capacity of tenants\nto conflict-solve, exert boundaries, or report potential wrongdoing. Risks are also related to\nshifting expectations of refugees, as well as expectations among hosts (i.e. for domestic work).\nWhile participants reported feeling obliged to perform domestic work, the extent to which such\nwork was coerced was not elaborated.\n\nParticipants within FGDs in private accommodation in Poland did not report risks or concerns\nrelated to GBV. This was in contrast to participants within FGDs conducted as part of the same\nexercise in Hungary. This may have been reflective of comfort levels with FGD facilitators, or\nother factors influencing trust to discuss the topic of safety, and not necessarily indicative of a\nlack of concerns among participants. Concerns about the possibility of expectations of sexual\nexchanges were noted on behalf of key informants, however.\n\nSubstandard living conditions (such as overcrowding) were reported to cause tensions among\nfamilies or tenants. Meanwhile, a lack of oversight, including vetting and monitoring schemes\nfor hosts or landlords welcoming persons fleeing Ukraine was emphasised as facilitating the\nprofiteering of private hosts (such as through the collection of multiple subsidies while\novercrowding premises). Differential risk profiles, related to differences in power dynamics,\nwere reported between Ukrainians with capacity to rent privately, versus those relying on\nprivate hosts (whether paid through subsidy schemes or offering premises on a voluntary\nbasis). The latter generally were seen to have less ability to refuse precarious offers or leave\ncoercive situations, and more vulnerable to spontaneous evictions.\n\nIn addition, discrimination was faced by Ukrainians of Roma origin, and/or Ukrainians with\ndisabilities (due to lack of accessible housing options). Both encountered reluctance of\nprospective landlords or hosts to rent or accommodate due to prejudice and stereotyping. Lack\nof accessible housing contributed to the isolation and disrupting living and social support\nnetworks for persons with disabilities, which themselves can increase risk of GBV. Finally,\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukrainian sex workers [5] previously residing in Poland, who were now joined by family members\nexperienced a loss of workplace (e.g. when they worked privately from their apartments).\nWorkers in this position were forced to choose between loss of earnings or fear of outing\namong family members. Loss of workplace, loss of earnings, and outing among family are all\nfactors which may heighten risks of violence faced by sex workers.\n\nPotential protective factors included renting/being hosted in pairs or as families (however it\nwas reported that this was often difficult), positive relationships with neighbours (perceived to\nprovide a greater sense of safety, however interactions among neighbours were not always\nreported as positive), accessible living options for persons with disabilities (particularly those\nthat allowed for accommodation among or close to family members).\n\n**COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION**\nPotential risks for GBV and SEA in collective accommodation related to: use of harmful coping\nmechanisms (such as alcohol use, evidenced as associated with both perpetration and\nvictimisation of intimate partner violence (IPV), psychological distress, again including fears,\ndisruptions to daily functioning (impacting capacity for self-care and performing of caretaking\nroles), lack of mental health care for male partners with pre-existing mental health conditions,\nand low self-esteem (particularly among Roma communities, due to chronic exposure to\ndiscrimination). Power imbalances between staff and residents (e.g. leading to intentional or\nunintentional control of information flows, unidirectional rule-setting such as for curfews,\nlimiting substance use, curtailing of visitors, dissuasion of consensual adult sexual relations)\nwere also evident, as were shifting relationships and tensions among families and between\nresidents (which was linked to psychological distress and precarity of conditions and seen to\ncontribute to instances of parent-child violence). Power imbalances and one-directional rule\nsetting may mirror dynamics of IPV (i.e. coercive control or wherein perpetrators attempt to\nlimit victims\u2019/survivors\u2019 access to information) and may engender secondary distress for\nvictims/survivors living in collective accommodations (though more information on perceptions\nof those concerned is needed). A lack of supervision of children and adolescents was also\nseen as a risk (including related to difficulties in caretaking due to psychological distress).\n\nInsufficient oversight in some collective accommodation centres (i.e. lack of adequate staffing\npresence and identification systems to monitor access), as well as challenging conditions\n(such as overcrowding, a lack of private/confidential spaces, lighting, heating, and structure of\ncentres e.g. unused spaces, multiple entries), were also judged to heighten risk. Remote\nlocations of some accommodation centres contributed to feelings of isolation and barriers to\nservice access. Involvement of actors new to managing collective accommodation, remote\nlocations and lack of awareness of humanitarian standards, and lack of contact with\nhumanitarian actors, present challenges in meeting the needs of communities. Issues in the\nquality and sustainability of psychosocial interventions were also noted (e.g. use of\ninterventions potentially causing harm due to lack of continuity of provision). Discrimination\nwas also reported in accessing collective accommodation, and within treatment for Ukrainians\nof Roma origin (e.g. segregation in sleeping arrangements). Discrimination was also\nexperienced by LGBTQI+ communities, and persons with disabilities (e.g. through lack of\naccessible accommodation increasing dependence on institutions and trade-offs in choosing\nto remain in Ukraine or relocate to institutions within neighbouring countries). Ukrainian\nwomen of Roma origin, consulted within FGDs, were unanimous in calling for the revision of\nthe legislation necessitating contributions to collective accommodations costs among the\nUkrainian community, following 120 days stay.\n\n\n5 Ukrainian women were reported to form the majority of sex workers present in Poland, prior to onset of the conflict. However,\nsex workers fleeing Ukraine were also reported to have arrived in Poland due to armed conflict.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**LIVELIHOODS**\nPotential risks influencing GBV and SEA in the livelihood realm related to: disruptions to\nfunctioning (impacting upon capacity to search for employment, and in susceptibility to\nmisinformation), distress due to financial insecurity, lack of awareness of national employment\nsystems, labour exchanges being embedded within private accommodation, language barriers\n(e.g. lack of ability to read contracts), increased care burdens (i.e. limiting time resources\nnecessary for job searching or employment hours and particularly among carers of persons\nwith disabilities and/or sex workers, who also faced increased pressure to generate\nremittances for family remaining in Ukraine). Past or current limitations on household\nbargaining (including those linked to economic violence) were perceived to: limit embracing of\nownership of finances, or breadwinning roles, downplay previous care-work as a valued form\nof labour, or viewing existing skills as transferable to job markets.\n\nPrecarity in employment was experienced through exclusion from the formal economy,\nuntrustworthy employment offers, and rights violations in the workplace, such as wage theft\nor situations of forced labour (all of which were reported to be large concerns for Ukrainians\nof Roma origin). Discrimination in access to livelihood opportunities, affecting older women,\nLGBTQI+ communities, Ukrainians with disabilities (e.g. lack of accessible job options, given\nthat many jobs available to Ukrainians are based on manual labour \u2013 incompatible with needs\nof those with physical disabilities), and those of Roma origin (e.g. perceived reluctance to hire\nUkrainians of Roma origin), was also reported.\n\nProtective factors emerged as: social networks (e.g. to support with employment searching\nand screening, and for sex workers to minimise risk in working conditions), receipt of direct\npayment (which was seen to lessen power imbalances where labour was linked to hosting)\nand hiring of Roma assistants to support service uptake.\n\n**BARRIERS AND ENABLERS TO SERVICE AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY,**\n**ACCEPTABILITY, AND QUALITY**\n\nBarriers to service availability were related to funding structures (leading to insecurity of\nprogramming offered by civil society organisations), challenges in national service provision\nsystems (including structural policy and legal issues affecting access to services and the\nprovision of sexual and reproductive health care, and domestic violence response, such as\nsafe housing) and shrinking of civil society (in particular as linked to proliferation of the antigender movement). Availability of antiretrovirals, hormone replacement therapy, clinical\nmanagement of rape, emergency contraception, as well as medical and surgical abortion, and\npost-abortion care, were reported to be limited. However, the humanitarian response was\nviewed as an opportunity to increase and bolster service provision within the national system.\n\nPhysical barriers to service access included: remote locations of collective accommodation,\nalongside centralisation of services in larger cities (reported to impact particularly on the\nprovision of SRH care and methadone treatment), which led to a lack of continuity of care.\nSome Ukrainians, returned to Ukraine temporarily to access SRH care (despite risking the\nloss of temporary protection status due to exceeding the allotted time for exit and re-entry to\nPoland). Social barriers to service access included stigma (surrounding violence and mental\nhealth), normalisation of GBV, victim-blaming, lack of awareness surrounding protections from\nviolence, lack of trust in service providers, collective accommodation managers etc., or fear of\nnegative impacts of disclosure, and the chilling effects of the anti-gender movement on SRH\ncare provision. Ukrainian women were also reported to face pressure to downplay the\nimplications of IPV, in favour of upholding a sense of patriotism. Informational barriers to\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "access included: difficulties in appraising information due to psychological distress, language\nbarriers, lack of awareness of referral pathways for GBV (among communities of concern, and\nhumanitarian service providers, national service providers and volunteers). A lack of clear and\npredictable information flows related to multiple channels of communication and the difficulties\nfaced by survivors in identifying and/or verifying that the information they have access to is\nreliable and from a trusted source was also identified. Administrative barriers to service access\nincluded the burden of providing extensive documentation, particularly relating to medical\nhistories (e.g. to access disability benefits), lack of legal gender recognition and confusion\nsurrounding the applicability of temporary protection status to those arriving from Ukraine prior\nto February 24 [th] 2022. Financial barriers to service access (i.e. reliance on public systems,\nlack of ability to travel to seek services abroad) contributed to disparities in the provision of\ncare (particularly regarding SRH care). This meant that those with greater socio-economic\nstatus have greater capacity to access care elsewhere.\n\nAdditional barriers among women from Roma communities included cultural taboos, lack of\ndocumentation, gatekeeping, language barriers where the use of Roma languages prevailed,\nlack of appropriate messaging on mental health literacy to support treatment uptake, and\nhistorical distrust of institutions. Additional barriers for persons with disabilities included: the\nthreat of institutionalisation, lack of accessible transport, lack of accessible\nbuildings/infrastructure, and disruption to care regimes due to displacement (including lack of\naccess to psychotropics), lack of adapted communication (e.g. availability of sign language\ninterpreters for reporting of violence to police), stereotyping of persons with disabilities (e.g.\nassumption that persons with disabilities do not need access to comprehensive sexual and\nrelationship education which then limits capacity to self-advocate), infantilisation or dismissal\n(e.g. lack of trust in victims/survivors with disabilities), lack of awareness and provision of\npsychoeducation surrounding needs of children with cognitive disabilities (hindering capacity\nof carers to adapt parenting skills), and lack of referral and standard safeguarding systems\nwithin social and mental health care facilities.\n\nBarriers to service acceptability included: assessment fatigue decreasing the willingness or\ninterest of survivors to engage with proposed services, a perceived lack of commitment to\nlocalisation, and lack of appropriate inclusion of disability, sexual orientation and gender\nidentity/expression (SOGIE) and sex worker\u2019 rights issues within humanitarian response.\nFinally, barriers to service quality related to limited understanding of confidentiality, lack of\nstaffing (or shifts in professional roles without appropriate training provision), lack of integration\nof GBV into MHPSS programming (and vice-versa), lack of streamlining of national\nqualification and accreditation systems for mental health practitioners, burnout or compassion\nfatigue, particularly among those with lived experience of issues addressed (reflecting a lack\nof prioritisation of caring for carers), lack of understanding of violence dynamics (particularly\npsychological or economic violence, as well as intersections of GBV, Sexual Orientation, Gender\nIdentity and Expression ( SOGIE), and disability) lack of sustainable funding, challenges of\nmobile populations for MHPSS interventions, and discrepancy between quality of public and\nprivate healthcare.\n\nEnablers to service availability, access, acceptability, and quality included: peer assistants\n(particularly among Roma communities), or peer-led or community-based service provision\n(particularly for mental health care uptake), technical capacity building for integration of\ninternational standards and guidance (particularly for MHPSS practitioners). Trust building\namong communities, gender matching in service provision, psychoeducation surrounding\nimpacts of violence, and longevity of programming were emphasised as enablers, particularly\nfor disclosure.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical\nhistories", - "confidence": 0.8889145255088806, - "start": 101, - "end": 103 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8337419033050537, - "start": 132, - "end": 133 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6527258157730103, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CAPACITY FOR PSEA AND ADHERENCE TO EIGHT CORE PSEA STANDARDS**\n\nResults regarding organisational capacity for PSEA are reported according to the Eight Core\nStandards for PSEA. [67] Barriers to developing and implementing organisational policies,\naligned to international standards included lack of acknowledgement of SEA (e.g. dismissal of\nSEA as either an \u2018external threat\u2019 or as an isolated, as opposed to systemic occurrence),\norganisational culture, lack of preparedness, rapid scale-up of response, involvement of novel\nactors etc. Inherent tensions were noted between the UN's aim for increased localisation, and\nits expectation that all partners will be able to adhere to the PSEA core standards. The need\nfor PSEA training and the development of standards, for all actors, but in particular for smaller,\nlocal organizations with limited resources, remains. The role of donors in fostering\naccountability among UN agencies and INGOs was also perceived as crucial. Fostering an\nenvironment conducive to preventing SEA was viewed as a gradual process, dependent on\nmeaningful implementation of codes of conduct, as opposed to the mere presence of them.\n\nRegarding organizational management, lack of timely prioritisation and mainstreaming of\nPSEA was seen to increase risks, particularly in contracting of implementing partners. Lack of\nprioritisation was also emphasised as indicative of disinterest among management, in certain\ninstances.\n\nShifting of professional roles at national level (e.g. taking up duties of social workers without\ncorresponding qualifications) and the pop-up of a wide range of \u2018de-facto\u2019 humanitarian actors,\nwere perceived as novel challenges toward the implementation of PSEA standards.\n\nBarriers to aligning human resource systems with international standards related to vetting\n(e.g. lack of clarity on the legal framework applicable to safeguarding -including the legal gaps\nidentified-, challenges to reconcile international and national systems, and reliance on informal\nprocedures), oversight (beyond procedures, e.g. toward shifting organisational culture). Rapid\nturn-over and organisational expansion were reported as additional challenges to applying\nvetting procedures and establishing effective oversight. Ensuring the training of all\nhumanitarian actors was also emphasised as a challenge due to the scale and speed of the\nemergency.\n\nRegarding reporting, a lack of awareness of risks of SEA and/or reporting mechanisms was\nreported among participants taking part in FGDs (key informants related this to gaps in\nawareness raising and appropriateness of messaging). Potential barriers to reporting SEA\nmentioned by the interviewees included a perception of \u201cgatekeeping\u201d (i.e. where relationships\nwith staff members were positioned as a viable alternative to anonymised and/or official\nreporting mechanisms), discrimination (particularly among the Roma community, or for those\nwith disabilities), lack of anonymisation, and weaknesses in reporting mechanisms.\n\nWhile the reporting mechanisms in Poland continue to require strengthening, GBV referral\npathways to offer necessary services to victims/survivors have been identified and are publicly\navailable to partners. A need for local/regional pathways has been raised, with work toward\ndevelopment underway.\n\n\n6 The Common Standardized UN Partner PSEA Capacity Assessment Tool outlines the procedure adopted by few UN entities to\nassess the capacity of potential Partners to prevent and mitigate the risks of SEA, before entering any agreement. Partners are\nvetted against eight core standards. The same standards are considered in this report since they provide a useful and\ncomprehensive framework of reference encompassing all necessary PSEA measures across different organizational policies,\nprocesses and functions.\n7 Results reported reflect those arising from both Hungary, and the corresponding exercise within Poland are reported on jointly,\ngiven overlapping findings and key informants.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Lack of administrative investigative capacity remains a key challenge for national NGOs and\nother actors. This was reported alongside a lack of clarity in procedures for escalation of\nclaims, limited capacity to apply a survivor-centred approach (particularly in ensuring\nconfidentiality), and lack of understanding surrounding protections and duties of whistleblowers. It was emphasised that training opportunities for investigative capacity were\nincreasingly being made available, including through the CHS Alliance and UN agencies.\n\nLimited data was generated in relation to corrective measures among key informants\ninterviewed, also noting that very few SEA cases have come forward to date. However,\nconcern was expressed that insufficiencies in the legal framework regarding violence against\nwomen (e.g. lack of comprehensive prohibition/legal consequences for stalking, harassment,\nand image-based sexual abuse), may complicate the application of appropriate corrective\nmeasures for cases of SEA involving these forms of violence.\n\n**STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS**\n\nStrengths of the exercise included consideration of private accommodation as an issue of\nconcern, as well as integration of a disability and PSEA lens. The inclusion of perspectives of\nthose amongst persons and/or groups at risk of exclusion (including Roma communities, sex\nworkers, and the LGBTQI+ community) also represented a strength. Limitations included the\nuse of purposive and snowball sampling, which limits representativeness and generalisability.\nRespondent bias may have arisen in key informant interviews, as well as within FGDs,\nincluding where participants may not have felt comfortable enough to disclose safety issues.\nEthical concerns also limited the extent to which all persons and/or groups at risk of exclusion\nmentioned could be consulted first-hand, as opposed to their perspectives being represented\nby key informants, (although several key informants were also identified among members of\nthe respective communities).\n\n## **CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nThe exercise highlighted the numerous risks of GBV and SEA that persons fleeing Ukraine,\nparticularly women and girls, face within both private and collective accommodation. These\nrisks are linked to livelihoods and economic inclusion in Poland. The exercise also helped to\nidentify protective factors, which should be enhanced by relevant actors The report also\noutlines key barriers and enablers to service availability, accessibility, acceptance, and quality\nfor persons fleeing Ukraine, to complement existing knowledge. In doing so, a lens on persons\nand/or groups at risk of exclusion is applied, examining the particular risks/protective factors\ndifferent communities (including Roma communities, sex workers, the LGBTQI+ community,\nand persons with disabilities) face in private/collective accommodation and livelihood, as well\nas heightened barriers to services.\n\nConcerted, and collective efforts are needed, on the part of government entities, local women\u2019s\norganizations as well as staff from organizations working in different humanitarian sectors, to\nimprove the mainstreaming of GBV and where relevant, SEA risk reduction and response\nacross all sectors. The recommendations provided pursuant to this exercise represent\ncontinuing steps that can be taken across sectors, to this end.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **SECTOR SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[8 See UN\u2019s Policy on Integrating a Human Rights-Based Approach to United Nations efforts to Prevent and Respond to Sexual](https://www.un.org/preventing-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/sites/www.un.org.preventing-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/files/policy_on_integrating_a_human_rights-based_approach_to_un_efforts_to_prevent_and_respond_to_sea.pdf)\n[Exploitation and Abuse](https://www.un.org/preventing-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/sites/www.un.org.preventing-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/files/policy_on_integrating_a_human_rights-based_approach_to_un_efforts_to_prevent_and_respond_to_sea.pdf) (2021)\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[9 Through for example provision of training on use of WHO Quality Rights Assessment Toolkit.](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548410)\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10 [Such as through WHO Quality Rights Initiative materials for training guidance and transformation: modules on \u2018Freedom from](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-qualityrights-guidance-and-training-tools)\n[violence, coercion and abuse,\u2019 and \u2018Mental health, disability and human rights.\u2019](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329582/9789241516730-eng.pdf)\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\u25aa Mainstream GBV in the Child Protection sub-sector activities by integrating the Thematic Area Guide (TAG),
excerpted from the comprehensive IASC\u2019s Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in
Humanitarian Action (IASC, 2015), aimed at assisting child protection actors and communities affected by
humanitarian emergencies to coordinate, plan, implement, monitor and evaluate essential actions for the
prevention and mitigation of gender-based violence (GBV) across the child protection sub-sector.
\u25aa Aim at training all frontline staff, including protection monitors, data collectors, enumerators, etc. on how to safely
handle SEA disclosures and how to report to their PSEA focal points.
To CSOs working with People with Disabilities:
\u25aa Establish dedicated groups and adapted activities for children with disabilities.
\u25aa Aim at training frontline staff, including protection monitors, data collectors, enumerators, etc. on how safely
handle GBV disclosure and refer to available GBV services.|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION**|**PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION**|\n|**SHELTER,**
**HOUSING &**
**ACCOMMODATION **
|
**To the Polish Government and Public Authorities:**

\u25aa
Create a centralised and pre-screened database with landlords willing to rent to
Ukrainians and committing to hosting standards, based on\u2018European Union Agency for
Asylum (EUAA) practical recommendations on provision of emergency placement in
private accommodation for persons displaced from Ukraine\u2019, as well as codes of
conduct; options for indicating whether hosts can accept/accommodate pets and/or
children.

\u25aa
Create an awareness campaign toward potential landlords / outlining administrative
procedures, support options, expected behaviour and standards etc. [This can build on
key messages provided below].

\u25aa
Ensure a clear and effective protocol for ensuring timely access to alternative
accommodation where reports of exploitation or safety risks have been reported.

\u25aa
Establish an oversight mechanism for private accommodation- e.g., ombudsman,
dedicated reporting mechanisms to report any violations of hosting standards (in
conjunction with community signalling platforms), this should include mechanisms for
monitoring of accommodation including, but not limited to, accommodation linked to
employment. Any reports created against hosts in breach of codes of conduct, or hosting
standards, should result in their immediate removal from databases, and cessation of
receipt of subsides. If hosting standards can be aligned with guidance, hosts may
resume their hosting duties,**however, any reports of breaches of codes of conduct**
**related to sexual and/or interpersonal violence and/or other abuses of power**
**(including threats, coercion etc.) should result in the** **complete banning of hosts.**

\u25aa
The option of providing subsidies directly to refugees rather than landlords/hosts should
be explored, as well as a vetting process for private hosts taking part in government
schemes.

\u25aa
Create and disseminate a standard template for both rental contracts, and contracts for
hosting, available in both Ukrainian and Polish.

\u25aa
If establishing subsidy schemes, provide subsidies directly to tenants, as opposed to
hosts [as this may minimise power imbalances]. Provide incentives to allow family units
or friends to pursue rentals together, toward increased social cohesion / social support.

\u25aa
Advocate and agree on a minimum duration of stay for private hosts, as well as notice
periods for vacation.




|\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|To Humanitarian Actors and CSOs:
\u25aa Organise a one-day workshop involving humanitarians, relevant government officials,
CSOs and other relevant actors, to review and agree upon uptake of current
recommendations.
\u25aa Translate Safe Homes Guidance materials into Polish, Ukrainian and Russian.
\u25aa Advocate for creation of sustainable, long-term and accessible housing particularly in
rural areas (de-congestion of the cities) that offer livelihood, social services as well as
public transportation connections.
\u25aa Support creation of self-advocacy / empowerment groups and resources for women
tenants, through WLOs, RLOs, CSOs, etc.
\u25aa Conduct outreach regarding mechanisms for reporting in private accommodation, such
as through community spaces, schools etc.
\u25aa Produce a guide with simple adaptations landlords/hosts could make to help tenants feel
safer - installing locks inside of rooms, agreeing on boundaries.
\u25aa Assess willingness for basic Ukrainian language and cultural awareness courses for
hosts/landlords to facilitate cross-cultural communication.|\n|---|---|\n|**SHELTER,**
**HOUSING &**
**ACCOMMODATION **
|**COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION**|\n|**SHELTER,**
**HOUSING &**
**ACCOMMODATION **
|
**To Humanitarian Actors:**

\u25aa
Advocate for rescinding of legislation obliging refugees to contribute to collective
accommodation costs. While advocacy is ongoing, co-ordinate information campaigns
to inform community of legislative changes, including exemptions and how to access
them.
-
Clarify applicability of amendments to privately-run shelters.

\u25aa
Continuesite mapping and monitoring of collective accommodation centres, including
from a safety and accessibility lens.

\u25aa
Foster relationships with managers of collective accommodation centres and provide
technical support for meeting of standards related to safety and accessibility. For
example, in the use of theEuropean Standards on Accessibility of the Built
Environment.

\u25aa
Provide GBV and PSEA awareness-raising and training for response to disclosures for
shelter managers and staff within collective accommodation.

\u25aa
Support collective accommodation manager to safely seek preferences for feedback
mechanisms among communities and put them in place (i.e. an anonymous hotline or
online, feedback box etc.). Consider the possibility of more than one feedback and
response mechanism to accommodate people with different preferences and/or
capacities.

\u25aa
Awareness campaigns of humanitarian principles (e.g. impartiality) for centre managers
to promote non-discrimination.

\u25aa
Support efforts to develop the Interagency Matrix mapping solutions to support transition
out of collective shelters towards long-term solutions and independent living
arrangements.Draw on lessons learned and scale-up promising practice within activities
shared.

\u25aa
Mainstream GBV in Shelter and Accommodation activities by integrating theThematic
Area Guide (TAG), excerpted from the comprehensive IASC\u2019s_Guidelines for Integrating_
_Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action_ (IASC, 2015), aimed at
assisting shelter, settlement and recovery (SS&R) actors and communities affected by|\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|\u25aa A private space should be made available for breastfeeding or pumping.
\u25aa Facilities should meet accessibility standards according to RECU principles (i.e. persons
with disabilities can reach, enter, circulate and use facilities), or European Standards on
Accessibility of the Built Environment.
\u25aa For organisations providing shelter for persons with disabilities, considering adopting
protocols to allow for families and carers to stay in proximity (buffer against isolation).
\u25aa Unused spaces within premises should be locked and sealed off.
\u25aa There should be one primary entrance to the facility, for which entry for non-residents is
controlled by security.
\u25aa Residents\u2019 entry and exit from centres should not be strictly controlled in order to
minimise power imbalances between residents and security.
\u25aa Male security should not be positioned next to women\u2019s sleeping or hygiene facilities.
\u25aa Ideally, gender balance should be present between all staff within collective
accommodation, including security.
\u25aa Authorisation to display information must be obtained, and individual members of the
public should be limited from displaying unverified information.
\u25aa For centres in remote locations, consider providing a form of collective transport, to and
from neighbouring cities.
\u25aa Residents should have access to communal phones which should be placed in a location
that allows for auditory privacy. Numbers of emergency responders should be present
in proximity to phones.
\u25aa Access to information should be democratised e.g. through provision of information
boards, access to internet, access to computers (in a place of visual privacy) access to
contact details of humanitarian organisations.
\u25aa Information on GBV response services (Hotlines, Health, Legal, etc.) should be
available. Information on reporting and complaints mechanisms for SEA should be
present. These should be available and shared with residents (ideally in a range of
formats e.g. audio, tactile).
\u25aa Ensure preferences for feedback mechanisms among communities are sought and put
in place (i.e. an anonymous hotline or online, feedback box etc.) If using anonymised
feedback boxes, ensure these are placed at locations which allow for confidentiality, and
heights which can be reached by children and persons with height differences, as well
as wheelchair users.
\u25aa Children\u2019s play spaces should ideally be supervised at all times, particularly playgrounds
outside centres.
\u25aa Aim at training frontline staff, including protection monitors, data collectors, enumerators,
etc. on how safely handle GBV disclosure and refer to available GBV services.|\n|---|---|\n|**ECONOMIC INCLUSION & CBI/CBA**|**ECONOMIC INCLUSION & CBI/CBA**|\n|
\u25aa
Provide information sessions on employment rights for refugees, labour safeguards, and information on official
channels for reporting complaints related to employers.
-
UNHCR/UNICEF should ensure said information is available on Digital Blue Dots.
-
All community centres should ensure that said information is available in their centres.

\u25aa
Provide language programmes with a specific orientation towards employment e.g. useful phrases for
interviewing, service jobs.
|
\u25aa
Provide information sessions on employment rights for refugees, labour safeguards, and information on official
channels for reporting complaints related to employers.
-
UNHCR/UNICEF should ensure said information is available on Digital Blue Dots.
-
All community centres should ensure that said information is available in their centres.

\u25aa
Provide language programmes with a specific orientation towards employment e.g. useful phrases for
interviewing, service jobs.
|\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\u25aa Continue to provide training on PSEA, through the format of Training of Trainers to PSEA focal points, as a way
to multiply its effects and to promote sustainability, ideally targeting national organisations, who are partners of
UN agencies and/or part to the Refugee Response Plan for Poland.
\u25aa Ensure availability of tools, including relevant standards and guidelines in local languages which has been tested
and revised by local experts as to avoid misunderstanding or even stigmatisation.
\u25aa Offer clear guidance on the application of PSEA principles and core standards in the Polish legal context.
\u25aa Undertake SEA risk assessments linked to cash-based interventions/approaches and distribution of NFIs.|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Organisational**
**Policy**|
\u25aa
Ensure availability of PSEA Policy Templates, Code of Conduct Templates, and other
materials listed within the \u201cOperationalization of the UN Protocol on Allegations of SEA
involving Implementing Partners,\u201d are available in local languages and are contextualised to
the Polish legal framework.
|\n|**Organisational**
**Management**|
\u25aa
Engage with novel or_\u2018de-facto\u2019_ humanitarian actors (e.g. owners of commercial spaces turned
into collective accommodation centres), surrounding PSEA, and in collaboration with local or
national authorities clarify responsibilities for oversight in line with national policies and
legislation.

\u25aa
Design appropriate messaging on importance of prioritisation of PSEA for organisational
management, which should be endorsed at management level (heads of agencies).

\u25aa
Continue to offer training to authorities, and especially collective centres managers, on PSEA
as well as practical tools to implement it in their centres.
|\n|**Human**
**Resource**
**Systems**|
\u25aa
Explore the possibilities, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of various forms of
formal vetting, beyondClear Checks, such as sex-offender databases, domestic violence
convictions, within the context of national legislation.

\u25aa
Provide templates, with text in local language of self-declarations for job applications, in line
with minimum requirements for vetting procedures, defined within theMisconduct Disclosure
Scheme.

\u25aa
Awareness raising surrounding insufficiency of reliance on informal vetting methods, such as
being local to a community.
|\n|**Mandatory**
**Training**|
\u25aa
Translate premises of PSEA policies into norms and standards at core of national systems e.g.
safeguarding, child welfare, toward increased cultural resonance.

\u25aa
Offer to provide trainings to staff of partners, surrounding dynamics of SEA, risks of
perpetration etc.

\u25aa
Translation of training packages such as \u201cIASC, \u2018Saying No to Sexual Misconduct\u2019 \u2013an
Interagency Training on Protection from SEA and Sexual Harassment for partners\u2019, \u2018UN
Online Training on PSEA\u2019, or \u2018Interaction PSEA Basics Training Guide\u2019, into local languages.
|\n|**Reporting**|
\u25aa
Ensure that physical reporting procedures attached to collective accommodation centres, such
as anonymised feedback boxes, ensure adequate confidentiality e.g. placement in spaces
which cannot be monitored (including through use of security cameras).

\u25aa
Ensure use of anonymised feedback boxes within collective centres are placed at heights
which can be reached by children and persons with height difference, as well as wheelchair
users.

\u25aa
Raise awareness surrounding insufficiency of reliance on relationships with staff for reporting
of SEA among IPs.

\u25aa
As far as possible, centralise reporting lines/systems, to limit burden on communities.|\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex-offender databases", - "confidence": 0.9944732785224915, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|\u25aa Review accessibility of complaints and feedback mechanisms with the communities
concerned, including for persons with disabilities.
\u25aa Adaption of reporting mechanisms for persons with disabilities - training of staff to support
persons with disabilities e.g., sign language focal points for reporting, investigation.
\u25aa Appropriate, acceptable and accessible PSEA awareness materials among community (e.g.
positive messaging surrounding rights), with wide distribution, including of Non-Food Items
and Cash.
\u25aa To Humanitarian Actors: In line with mandatory reporting and in respect of survivor-centred
approach, provide for anonymized reporting of SEA allegations (i.e. not sharing the personal
details of the survivor/victim) in cases where applicable.
\u25aa Continue to share information about existing mechanisms through diverse channels such as
in Blue-Dots, Digital Blue Dots, during distribution of NFIs, CBI/CBA, information boards within
collective accommodation etc.
\u25aa Implement child-friendly complaint mechanisms.
\u25aa Explore cultural adaption of reporting procedures, for example use of cultural advocates to
increase literacy surrounding rights related to PSEA.
\u25aa Where call centres for general queries have been established, ensure that operators are
trained to respond to disclosures of SEA, in line with the survivor-centred response,
procedures to protect confidentiality and streamline escalation, of cases are embedded within
procedures for operators.
\u25aa Aim at training all frontline staff, including protection monitors, data collectors, enumerators,
etc. on how to safely handle SEA disclosures and how to report to their PSEA focal points.|\n|---|---|\n|**Assistance**
**and Referral**|
\u25aa
Raise awareness of referral pathways among staff members responsible for providing case-
management or referral for victims/survivors of SEA.

\u25aa
Ensure that referrals of cases received anonymously or via call centres, are handled according
to the survivor-centred approach (particularly in ensuring safety and follow-up).
|\n|**Investigations**|
\u25aa
Upscale/ increase national access to recognised training for investigations, in accordance with
the survivor centred approach (e.g. via UNHCR and CHS Alliance online trainings).

\u25aa
Ensure transparency in the internal procedures of member organizations surrounding
escalation/pursuit of cases, e.g. independent review teams, ombuds-roles.

\u25aa
Provide information on protections for witnesses and whistle-blowers, and support IPs to align
or develop policies for whistle-blowers, in line with the EU Whistle-blowers Directive.
|\n|**Corrective**
**Measures**|N/A|\n\n\n**KEY MESSAGES FOR PROSPECTIVE PRIVATE HOSTS:**\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6da03fb2-5e81-4fa9-b722-24c017a8f8b7/Surviving%20as%20we%20can_Summary%20Report_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_651/raw/doc_651_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_651/raw/doc_651_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5d9d7b329e9e46e82b2ecef879a75b0d6dff7843..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_651/raw/doc_651_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# ANNUAL REPORT 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n## **Population**\n\n\n**REGISTERED SYRIANS* AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021**\n##### **5,641,968**\n\n\n\n**NUMBER OF IMPACTED HOST COMMUNITY MEMBERS**\n##### **4,856,418**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n## **Funding**\n\n\n**2021: 3RP Total Requirements***\nRefugee Component\nResilience Component\n\n\n**2021: Funding Received****\nRefugee Component\nResilience Component\n\n\n**Funding against Total Requirements**\n\n\n - This includes COVID-19 requirement under Jordan Respons Plan\n\n - This includes COVID-19 requirement under Jordan Respons Plan\n\n\n\n**$ 5,576,686,178**\n$ 3,161,747,165\n$ 2,372,990,408\n\n**$ 2,540,013,126**\n$ 1,625,530,045\n$ 896,095,760\n\n\n\nUSD\n\n\n\n\n\n**Component**\n51.4 % funded\n\n\n\n**Resilience**\n**Component**\n37.8 % funded\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### **COUNTRY FUNDING IN 2021**\n\n\n\n**Egypt**\n$ 127 m required\n**47 %** funded\n\n\n**Iraq**\n$ 226 m required\n**45 %** funded\n\n\n**Jordan**\n$ 1.344 b required\n**48 %** funded\n\n\n\nRefugee ($ 56m funded)\nResilience ($ 3m funded)\n\n\nRefugee ($ 76m funded)\nResilience ($ 26m funded)\n\n\nRefugee ($ 532m funded)\nResilience ($ 97m funded)\n\n\n\n**Lebanon**\n$ 2.75 b required\n**43 %** funded\n\n\n**T\u00fcrkiye**\n$1.035 b required\n**51%** funded\n\n\n\nRefugee ($ 617m funded)\nResilience ($ 569m funded)\n\n\nRefugee ($ 324m funded)\nResilience ($ 200m funded)\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n## **Progress against** **Strategic Directions**\n\n### **Protecting People**\n\n\n\nIn Iraq, a deeper analysis indicates that the\nhousehold composition (mostly male-headed\nhouseholds), the fear of being arrested and/\nor detained), and the date of their arrival are\nsome of the factors vary between North and\nCentre South. Thanks to a steady number of\ntrainings, self-development, and learning\nopportunities between refugees and host\ncommunity members, 3RP countries reported\nvery few disputes and safety or security\nincidents. On child protection, compounding\ncrisis and low economic indicators are the\nmain drivers behind the rates of child labor\nbetween boys and girls and an increase in\nchild labour compared to the past years,\nwith negative coping mechanisms increasing\namong adolescents as their displacement\nbecomes more protracted. A concerted effort\nis needed to address the worsening learning\ncrisis affecting millions of school-aged children\nand youth, including refugees and other\nforcibly displaced, who missed out on learning\ndue to unequal access to remote, hybrid or\nhome-based modalities or continue to face\nheightened risks of dropping out of school,\ndue to poverty, marginalisation and conflicts.\nAgainst the backdrop, it is worth noting for\n2021 a consolidation and overall improvement\nof access to information and accountability\nmechanisms through digital and remote\nservices to refugees and asylum seekers (e.g.,\nhelp.org and Call centres with digital referrals\nthrough the Refugee Assistance Information\nSystem in all countries).\n\n\n\n**STRATEGIC**\n**DIRECTION**\n## **#1**\n\n\n**Protecting people is critical to keeping**\n**displaced persons and vulnerable host**\n**community members safe from the harms**\n**of exploitation, abuse, violence, and the**\n**associated mental health and psychosocial**\n**risks. With this understanding, the 3RP**\n**supports the mainstreaming of protection**\n**in the planning, design, implementation,**\n**and monitoring of its interventions. It helps**\n**empower women, men, girls and boys to**\n**lead their own development in the long**\n**term, ensuring stability in social conditions**\n**and mental wellbeing, thus helping to**\n**guarantee that no one is left behind.**\n\n\n\nAs a combined result of the vaccine\neffectiveness and despite a new surge of\nCOVID-19 cases in December, 3RP countries\nstarted to gradually ease restrictions, leading\nto partial or full reopening of schools and\nresuming, among others, in-person specialized\nprotection services. The effects of COVID-19\non employment have significantly reduced\nincome, and led to sharp rises in household\ndebt, high risk jobs and begging. An increase\nin harmful coping strategies, has further\naffected mental health and psychosocial\nwell-being of children and young refugees,\nfurther exacerbated by increased violence\nagainst children, child labour and child\nmarriage. Further, an exponential increase\nin gender-based violence (GBV) prompted\nby the loss of livelihoods, lockdowns and\nmovement restrictions, required a substantial\nadaptation and expansion of protection\nservices for individuals experiencing or at\nrisk of GBV, a stronger collaboration amongst\nvarious service providers and a more\nsystematic engagement with communities\non prevention, mitigation and response\nmeasures. With compounding national crisis,\nrising inflation and currency depreciation,\nborrowing money in Lebanon is the only way\nto buy food as almost the entire Syrian refugee\npopulation below the minimum household\nexpenditure needed for physical survival.\nOn access and awareness of legal support/\nresidency, the situation varies significantly\nfrom country to country. For example, in\nLebanon, there is a continuous decline in the\nrate of Syrian refugees with legal residency.\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n### **Contributing to Dignified Lives**\n\n\n\n**STRATEGIC**\n**DIRECTION**\n## **#3**\n\n\n**Through displacement and the surrounding**\n**pressures from various crises, refugees and**\n**vulnerable host populations face multiple**\n**challenges. The 3RP helps mitigate these**\n**challenges directly through assistance**\n**across sectors and support the self-reliance**\n**of vulnerable populations.**\n\n\n\nDuring 2021, COVID-19 and political and\neconomic crises in some host countries have\nworsened access to livelihoods opportunities\nand basic services and further pushed\nrefugees and vulnerable host community\nmembers into poverty. While limited funding\nwas received, the 3RP partners managed\nto provide humanitarian support to ensure\nfood assistance, multi-purpose cash to meet\nthe basic needs and shelter upgrades as well\nas ensured access to health and education\nservices and strengthened self-reliance\nsupport through access to livelihoods.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Palestine refugees in Lebanon**\n**& Palestinian refugees from Syria** In 2021, Palestine refugees in Lebanon (PRL), In Jordan, PRS struggle with limited income\n\nincluding Palestinian refugees from Syria and livelihood opportunities and are exposed\n(PRS), continued to suffer from the impacts to a broad range of vulnerabilities. In 2021,\nof a rapidly deteriorating socio-economic, emergency assistance, including cash and\nexacerbated by the impact of COVID-19 and winterization support, was provided to some\nthe repercussions of the 2020 Beirut Port **18,730** PRS, including 527 PRS residing in\nexplosion. More than **29,000** PRS have been King Abdullah Park, who face movement\nprovided services including cash assistance, restrictions and protection concerns further\nemergency health, education and protection, affecting their well-being. PRS\u2019 health and\nlivelihoods and environmental health. In education needs were also supported through\naddition, **83,163** vulnerable PRL received a a network of health centres and schools\none-off emergency cash payment. located across the Kingdom.\n\n\n\n_Photo by UNRWA_\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n### **Enhancing Local and National Capacities**\n\n\n**STRATEGIC**\n**DIRECTION**\n## **#4**\n\n\n\nIn a challenging economic context affecting\nmost host countries, 3RP partners have\ncontinued expanding support to national\nand local systems at all levels. This included\nworking with national institutions and\nproviding capacity support to civil servants,\nsupporting local authorities with new\ninfrastructure and equipment, but also\ncontinued developing local mechanisms for\nsocial cohesion between communities, and\nstrengthening small businesses and private\nsector to sustain economic opportunities for\nrefugees and host communities.\n\n\n\n**After ten years of humanitarian assistance**\n**to refugees and very low numbers of returns**\n**to Syria, investing in sustainable solutions**\n**is increasingly becoming a high priority.**\n**This entails working at all levels with all**\n**stakeholders contributing to building a longer-**\n**term approach, including through work at**\n**the policy and institutional levels to foster**\n**improvements in the enabling environment.**\n**A critical underlying factor to sustainability**\n**is the need for economic stimulation and job**\n**creation for refugees and host communities,**\n**bringing coherent benefits for the host**\n**countries as well as the refugees themselves.**\n**To move this agenda forward, 3RP partners**\n\n\n\n**continue supporting national institutions and**\n**system, local actors\u2019 capacities to cope, adapt**\n**and transform their provision of services and**\n**assistance to refugees and host communities.**\n**Working with national institutions and local**\n**stakeholders is also key to preserving social**\n**cohesion and strengthening trust in the public**\n**sector. In order for the 3RP to deliver on this**\n**strategic discussion, deepening the ongoing**\n**efforts to operationalize the Humanitarian**\n**Development Peace nexus and build the**\n**necessary synergies with other efforts done**\n**in host countries related to the work of**\n**International Financial Institutions, the SDGs,**\n**the UNSDCFs and GCR will be critical.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n## **Stories** **from the** **Region**\n\n\n**Women Empowerment**\n**in Jordan**\n\nStory, photos, and video by CARE\n\nClick here to see how CARE impacts\nthe lifes of both Syrian refugees and\nvulnerable host community members\nlike Asma, Abeer, Fasayel, and Nihaya.\n\n\n**Livelihoods Assistance**\n**in Iraq**\n\n_Story and photos by IOM Iraq_\n\nIbrahim is a refugee from Syria\u2019s Hasakah\nGovernorate. When he fled to Iraq, he\nfaced many challenges, particularly\nfinancial. Searching for a source of\nincome, he opened a small shop selling\nbaklava and other sweets in Erbil\nGovernorate. To expand his business,\nIbrahim applied to and was selected\nfor the International Organization\nfor Migration\u2019s Individual Livelihoods\nAssistance (ILA) programme. \u201cWhen we\nreceived the grant, we had the financial\nmeans to expand. We bought some raw\nmaterials and opened a branch for Tahini\nHalva. Then we opened a second branch\nfor fruit jam. We also participated in a\ntwo-day course about how to expand\nany small business \u2014 we benefited a\nlot,\u201d said Ibrahim. For individuals from\nvulnerable populations, ILA programme\nprovides access to vocational training,\njob placement services and assistance in\nexpanding or starting a micro-enterprise.\nThis activity was supported by the\nU.S. Department of State: Bureau of\nPopulation, Refugees and Migration.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n\n**Challenging the society\u2019s stereotypes**\n**in Lebanon**\n\n_Story and photos by UNDP Lebanon_\n\n\u201cBy participating, I am empowered to become part\nof the solution and I am challenging the society\u2019s\nstereotypes that a woman cannot work and excel in\neverything,\u201d said Rita-Maria. With helmets & big smiles,\nover 50 women are challenging gender stereotypes by\nparticipating in vocational training on the installation,\noperating, maintenance, and programming of Solar\nPhotovoltaic Systems at Quaroun Lake- West Bekaa in\nLebanon.\n\n\n**Turkish and Syrian women manifest**\n**solidarity to respond to COVID-19**\n**in T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n_Story and photos by UN Women_\n\n\nTo circumvent lockdown and social distancing\nmeasures, a group of women call to check in on\nvulnerable Turkish and Syrian women and offer\nsupport.\n\n\u201cThrough phone calls, we learn about women\u2019s\nproblems and needs and refer them to the relevant\ninstitutions that can help. Later, we call them up again\nto see if their problems have been resolved and their\nneeds met. Otherwise, we work more on their cases,\u201d\nsays Nigar Erdem, who is among 19 Turkish and Syrian\nwomen community leaders who have been trained in\nleadership, gender, need assessments, and available\npublic services to help and empower vulnerable Syrian\nand Turkish women in their own communities.\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n**DAFI scholarship**\n**in Egypt**\n\n_Story and photos by UNHCR Egypt_\n\n\nOmar (left) and Sajeda (right) have a lot in common:\nthey are both from Syria; they are both enrolled at\nthe American University in Cairo in their Migration\nand Refugees Studies master\u2019s programme; they both\nwork for the NGO Saint Andrew\u2019s Refugee Services\n(known as StARs); and they both benefited from a DAFI\nscholarship during their bachelor\u2019s.\n\nSajeda: \u201cRight after I graduated from my Bachelor\u2019s\nin 2019, I started working for Saint Andrew\u2019s Refugee\nServices \u2013 known as StARS \u2013 first as a Canadian\nImmigration Support Case Worker, for about a year,\nand then as a Unaccompanied Children and Youth Legal\nOfficer. After 16 months or so, I became the Canadian\nImmigration Support Supervisor, which is my current\nposition.\u201d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3RP Annual Report **2021**\n\n## **Resources**\n\n\n**Country Dashboards**\n**& Updates**\n\n\n**@3RPSYRIA**\n\n**WWW.3RPSYRIACRISIS.ORG**\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n**Updates**\n\n\n**Contact**\n\n\n**Ryan Marshall**\nmarshall@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Abdallah Al-Laham**\nabdallah.al-laham@undp.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0bd38d83-d150-4f0a-9024-db320ece8c69/Syria%20-%203RP%20Annual%20Report%202021%20-%20June%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_652/raw/doc_652_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_652/raw/doc_652_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 611048f053195273e8e836b391a2a376a1a40ba7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_652/raw/doc_652_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629/\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0632\u064a\u0627\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - 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"document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2a90ec5-d6ea-3ac2-b062-881dd2af018d/Syria%203RP%202017%20Annual%20Report%20%5BARB%5D%20-%20May%202018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2a90ec5-d6ea-3ac2-b062-881dd2af018d/Syria%203RP%202017%20Annual%20Report%20%5BARB%5D%20-%20May%202018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\u0648\ufbff\u0644(\u066a) \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\u0648\ufbff\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\u0630\u064a \ufe98\u0645 \u0627\ufeb4\ufe98\ufefc\ufee4\ufeea** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufeb8\u062f\u0629**\n\n\n\n\ufee4\ufebc\u0631\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\u0631\u0627\u0642\n\n\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u062f\u0646\n\n\ufedf\ufe92\ufee8\ufe8e\u0646\n\n\ufe98\u0631\ufedb\ufbff\ufe8e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\u0648\ufbff\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\u0630\u064a \ufe98\u0645 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\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\n\n\n### \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2a90ec5-d6ea-3ac2-b062-881dd2af018d/Syria%203RP%202017%20Annual%20Report%20%5BARB%5D%20-%20May%202018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2a90ec5-d6ea-3ac2-b062-881dd2af018d/Syria%203RP%202017%20Annual%20Report%20%5BARB%5D%20-%20May%202018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2a90ec5-d6ea-3ac2-b062-881dd2af018d/Syria%203RP%202017%20Annual%20Report%20%5BARB%5D%20-%20May%202018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_653/raw/doc_653_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_653/raw/doc_653_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d03f2b79aed866a4229f14cceac01ae1c9e74c26..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_653/raw/doc_653_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n**Summary**\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s public health approach is based on the primary health care (PHC) strategy. In Lebanon, the government provides\n\n\nservices through the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Social Affairs with nationals paying part of the cost. In\n\n\naddition, PHC services are provided by private practitioners, local and international NGOs and other charities. With the\n\n\nobjective of providing health care services to refugees at similar levels to the host community, UNHCR promotes refugee\n\n\naccess by supporting a network of PHC centres across Lebanon. Currently, UNHCR covers costs for the vast majority of\n\n\nrefugees presenting at partner facilities, however UNHCR is unable to meet full coverage needs.\n\n\nFor PHC, refugees contribute a nominal fee for services as do the Lebanese nationals. Referral care is however, very expensive\n\n\nin Lebanon. The costs covered by UNHCR vary by estimated cost of care, vulnerability status, and type of care (e.g.\n\n\nemergency life-saving, obstetric, medical and surgical). For estimated costs of USD <1500, 75% of costs are covered and the\n\n\nrefugees cover the remaining 25%. If estimated costs are USD \u22651500 or refugees present outside the pre-approved hospital\n\n\nnetwork, partner agencies are required to consult with UNHCR. Emergency UNHCR approval is strictly for immediate life\n\nsaving or limb-saving cases. UNHCR refers all non-emergency cases to an Exceptional Care Committe that is responsible for\n\n\nauthorisation of coverage. For the extremely vulnerable refugees, UNHCR covers 100% of the costs.\n\n\n**Key findings**\n\n\n - There were 41,168 referrals for secondary and tertiary health care in Lebanon in 2013; referrals by region were Bekaa 15,252\n\n\n(37%), Beirut and Mt Lebanon 10,244 (25%), North Lebanon 10,420 (25%) and South Lebanon 5,252 (13%)\n\n\n - The referral rate was 7.9 per 100 refugees per year. The referral trends show a steep decline towards the end of the year in all\n\n\nregions. This may partly be attributed to lack of knowledge by newly arriving refugees of the availability of health services,\n\n\nlack of capacity to handle the increasing numbers within the current hospital network or by agencies responsible for\n\n\nreferrals, or over utilisation of services in the early part of the year\n\n\n - Referrals were reported from 82 hospitals across the country. The top 20 hospitals accounted for 96% of referrals\n\n\n - Approx. 71% of patients were female and almost a quarter (23%) were among children younger than 5 years old. Considering\n\n\nthat only 52% of the population is female, the disproportionate referral among females is due to referrals for reproductive\n\n\nhealth care including deliveries\n\n\n - About 41% of referrals were for obstetric care. Other main reasons for referrals were gastrointestinal conditions (8%), and\n\n\ntrauma and other injuries (7%)\n\n\n - The estimated total hospital bill for 2013 was USD 24 million. Approx. 78% of cost was paid for by UNHCR through it's\n\n\npartner agencies. The estimated annual per capita hospital cost was USD 48 per registered refugee. Per capita cost was\n\n\nhighest in Beirut (USD 68) and lowest in Bekaa (USD 41)\n\n\n - The average hospital cost per referral was USD 580; the highest average cost was observed among cases with neonatal or\n\n\ncongenital conditions (USD 1,258)\n\n\n - Adjusted for disease category, gender and age, the average cost was lowest at Taanayel hospital (USD 331) and highest at\n\n\nNotre Damme du Liban - Jounieh (USD 1,357)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referrals", - "confidence": 0.5522989630699158, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8287568688392639, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9272513389587402, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8574977517127991, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Secondary and tertiary health care Syria Refugee Response Jan - Dec 2013\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf50194-54f7-31f4-a483-c53609ede1e4/Syria%20Jan-Dec%202013.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_654/raw/doc_654_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_654/raw/doc_654_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8c26727085c7ab47487b1d7ef5cb0e9c71f2292c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_654/raw/doc_654_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### TCHAD - MOUVEMENTS MIXTES\n\n# **Tchad : Mouvements mixtes**\n\nJanvier-Juin 2024\n\n\nCarte du Tchad indiquant les principales routes emprunt\u00e9es par les migrants de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024 ainsi que, les\npoints de d\u00e9parts et de transits \u00e0 travers le Tchad. UNHCR, Ahmed Merdoukh, juin 2024.\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n## Le projet \u201cMouvements mixtes au Tchad\u201d\n\n\n**Ce document pr\u00e9sente les principales activit\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au cours du**\n**premier semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024 par le HCR et son partenaire Croix**\n**Rouge du Tchad (CRT), en collaboration avec la Commission Nationale**\n**d\u2019Accueil et de R\u00e9insertion des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des Rapatri\u00e9s (CNARR), dans**\n**le cadre du Projet \u201cMonitoring de Protection et suivi des personnes en**\n**situation de mouvements mixtes au Tchad\u201d.**\n\nLe Tchad est un pays d\u2019Afrique centrale qui, du fait de sa position g\u00e9ographique\nest un pays de transit, de d\u00e9part et de destination tant pour les personnes en\nqu\u00eate de protection internationale que pour les migrants. De ce fait des individus\nde diverses nationalit\u00e9s, traversent au quotidien le territoire tchadien. Afin de\nmieux comprendre le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, la Repr\u00e9sentation du HCR au Tchad travaille\nen partenariat avec la Croix Rouge du Tchad (CRT), afin de garantir que les\npersonnes fuyant la pers\u00e9cution aient acc\u00e8s aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient\nde la protection internationale et soient prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre le refoulement.\n\nBien que les mouvements mixtes soient observ\u00e9s sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire\nnational, le manque de ressources humaines et financi\u00e8res pour assurer une\ncouverture optimale du pays a conduit le HCR et son partenaire \u00e0 focaliser leurs\nefforts sur quatre zones g\u00e9ographiques qui repr\u00e9sentent les principaux couloirs \u00e0\nsavoir le Nord, le Sud, l\u2019Est et la capitale N\u2019Djamena. Pour le monitoring de\nprotection et la collecte des donn\u00e9es des personnes en mouvements mixtes, 90\nrelais communautaires sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans 86 principaux sites d\u2019entr\u00e9e et de\nsortie du territoire. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re que la plupart des mouvements transitent par la\ncapitale N\u2019Djamena pour aller vers le nord du pays, frontalier avec la Libye.\n\nIl convient de noter que les relais communautaires conduisent essentiellement\ndes enqu\u00eates individuelles aupr\u00e8s des personnes en mouvement mixte pour\nassurer un monitoring de protection.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n## Analyse des donn\u00e9es | janvier-juin 2024\n\n\nAu cours du premier semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, les relais communautaires ont\ncollect\u00e9 via les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones, les donn\u00e9es de 6.191 personnes en situation de\nmouvements mixtes sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national (Fig.1). Ainsi depuis mai\n2018, les donn\u00e9es sur les mouvements mixtes collect\u00e9es et analys\u00e9es ont permis\nde toucher un cumul de 79.046 personnes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Profil des personnes interrog\u00e9es\n\nLa grande majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es, sont des hommes adultes (86%) (Fig.2).\n\n\nFigure 2\n\n**Personnes interrog\u00e9es par sexe et tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n\nLes migrants tchadiens constituent toujours la majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es\net repr\u00e9sentent 55% du total, tandis que la plupart des personnes d\u2019autres\nnationalit\u00e9s, en transit ou voulant rester au Tchad, proviennent des pays\nlimitrophes (Cameroun, Nigeria, RCA & Soudan) (Fig.3).\n\n\nLa destination finale la plus pris\u00e9e reste la Libye qui repr\u00e9sente 50%, suivie par\nl\u2019Europe avec 15% (Fig.4) [1] .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et les personnes ayant l\u2019intention de\ndemander l\u2019asile constituent 27% de la population enqu\u00eat\u00e9e, dont 7% de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(Fig.5).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Figure 5|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|



Figure 5
5,6%
8,6%
12,3%
73,5%
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
Intention de demander l'asile
Autre
**Statut des personnes interrog\u00e9es**|



Figure 5
5,6%
8,6%
12,3%
73,5%
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
Intention de demander l'asile
Autre
**Statut des personnes interrog\u00e9es**|



Figure 5
5,6%
8,6%
12,3%
73,5%
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
Intention de demander l'asile
Autre
**Statut des personnes interrog\u00e9es**|\n|



Figure 5
5,6%
8,6%
12,3%
73,5%
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
Intention de demander l'asile
Autre
**Statut des personnes interrog\u00e9es**|

5,6%
8,6%
12,3%

R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
ion de demander l'asile
|

5,6%
8,6%
12,3%

R\u00e9fugi\u00e9
Demandeur d'Asile
ion de demander l'asile
|\n||
France, Italie, Angleterre, Espagne, Allemagne, Belgique et Portugal. Afrique du Nord : Egypte, Al
ique de l\u2019Ouest et Centre : Cameroun, Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Soudan, Sud Soudan, Guin\u00e9e, RDC, Gu
e Centre Afrique. Autres : USA, Canada, Turquie, Qatar, Australie, Gabon, B\u00e9nin, Angola, Ghana, J
L\u2019Arabie Saoudite|g\u00e9ri
in\u00e9e
apo|\n|


1 Europe :
Maroc. Afr
R\u00e9publiqu
Kowe\u00eft et|


1 Europe :
Maroc. Afr
R\u00e9publiqu
Kowe\u00eft et|


1 Europe :
Maroc. Afr
R\u00e9publiqu
Kowe\u00eft et|\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n\nLes personnes interrog\u00e9es \u00e9voquent majoritairement des raisons \u00e9conomiques\ncomme motif de leur d\u00e9placement, ils repr\u00e9sentent 57%, tandis que celles qui\n\u00e9voquent des conflits ou des raisons politiques repr\u00e9sentent 27% (Fig.6), les\nressortissants centrafricains et soudanais constituent la majorit\u00e9 de ce groupe.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPlus de la moiti\u00e9 (51%) des personnes interrog\u00e9es n\u2019ont re\u00e7u qu\u2019une \u00e9ducation\n\n|informelle (Fig.8). 7% ont le niveau universitaire, 29% le niveau second
13% le niveau primaire.
Figure 8|aire et|\n|---|---|\n|
13%
29%
7%
51%
Niveau primaire
Niveau secondaire
Niveau universitaire
Formelle
Informelle
**Niveau d'\u00e9ducation**|
13%
29%
7%
51%
Niveau primaire
Niveau secondaire
Niveau universitaire
Formelle
Informelle
**Niveau d'\u00e9ducation**|\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n#### Risques de protection encourus\n\n\nLes personnes en mouvements mixtes qui se d\u00e9placent sur le territoire tchadien\nsont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des incidents de protection. Au cours du premier semestre de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, 9% des personnes interrog\u00e9es rapportent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes ou\nt\u00e9moins d\u2019incidents de protection dont une majorit\u00e9 de cas de vol et d\u2019atteinte \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique. (Fig.9).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPendant la p\u00e9riode sous revue, 911 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es vers la CNARR,\nl\u2019OIM et d\u2019autres organisations humanitaires (Fig.10), la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9tant des\nmigrants \u00e9conomiques et ces personnes ont re\u00e7u diverses formes d\u2019assistance :\ncomme le d\u00e9clenchement d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile, l\u2019accueil et la distribution de\ndenr\u00e9es alimentaires et non alimentaires ainsi que la r\u00e9unification familiale.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Sensibilisation sur les risques de protection\n\n49 324 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es entre janvier et mai 2024, sur les m\u00e9faits\nde la migration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re dans quelques \u00e9tablissements scolaires, les march\u00e9s\nhebdomadaires de N\u2019Djamena, Gu\u00e9r\u00e9da, Kerfi et Faya-Largeau mais aussi dans les\ngares routi\u00e8res de N\u2019Djamena, Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9, Moundou, Sarh.\n\n#### R\u00e9admission\n\n\nEn ce premier semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, il n\u2019y a eu aucun cas de r\u00e9admission\nfacilit\u00e9. Toutefois depuis 2018, le HCR a facilit\u00e9 la r\u00e9admission au Tchad de 42\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvement secondaire au Niger et en Tunisie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la\ncollaboration tant avec les autorit\u00e9s qu\u2019avec l\u2019OIM.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-JUIN 2024\n\n\n**CONTACTS**\n\n\n**Dossou Patrice Ahouansou**, Deputy Representative (Protection), Tchad\n\n\nahouanso@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Moulaye Taifour Aidara**, Senior Protection Officer, Tchad\n\n\naidara@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Bi Irie Nestor Kouahi**, Protection Officer, Tchad\n\n\nkouahi@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Terri Moussa Adam**, Protection Associate (Mixed Movements), Tchad\n\n\nmoussat@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Ahmed Merdoukh**, Information Management Officer, Tchad\n\n\nmerdoukh@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LIENS**\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/) [| UNHCR Data Portal - Chad](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/tcd) [| UNHCR Chad](https://reporting.unhcr.org/node/2533)\n\n\n[Twitter](https://twitter.com/UnhcrTchad) [| Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRTchad/)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/52a867de-5c69-4c61-8ff8-252c1bc6417b/TCD_HCR_Afflux%20Soudanais_Dashboard_16032024_FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_655/raw/doc_655_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_655/raw/doc_655_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 15dfd538b2d853487481b7ad238d5ffac7a395ef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_655/raw/doc_655_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### TCHAD - MOUVEMENTS MIXTES\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n## Le projet \u201cMouvements mixtes au Tchad\u201d\n\n\n**Ce document pr\u00e9sente les principales activit\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9es de juillet \u00e0 septembre**\n\n**2021 par le HCR et son partenaire Croix Rouge du Tchad (CRT), en collaboration**\n\n**avec la Commission Nationale d\u2019Accueil et de R\u00e9insertion des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des**\n\n**Rapatri\u00e9s (CNARR), dans le cadre du Projet \u201cProtection, sensibilisation et suivi des**\n\n**personnes en situation de mouvement mixte au Tchad\u201d.**\n\n\nLe Tchad est un pays d\u2019Afrique Centrale qui n\u2019\u00e9chappe pas au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des\n\nmouvements migratoires mixtes. Des personnes de diverses nationalit\u00e9s, dont certaines\n\nsont en qu\u00eate de protection internationale et d\u2019autres des migrants, traversent tous les\n\njours son territoire. Afin de mieux comprendre le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, la Repr\u00e9sentation du HCR\n\nau Tchad travaille en partenariat avec la Croix Rouge du Tchad (CRT) afin de garantir\n\nque les personnes ayant une demande d\u2019asile fond\u00e9e aient acc\u00e8s aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile\n\net b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la protection internationale accord\u00e9e par le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, y compris\n\nla protection contre le refoulement.\n\n\nLes mouvements mixtes sont observ\u00e9s sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national mais compte\n\ntenu de l\u2019immensit\u00e9 du pays, le Projet MM est subdivis\u00e9 en quatre zones g\u00e9ographiques\n\n(nord, sud, est et N\u2019Djamena). Pour le monitoring de protection et la collecte des\n\ndonn\u00e9es, 100 relais communautaires de la CRT/MIM sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans 74 principaux\n\nsites d\u2019entr\u00e9e et de sortie du territoire. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re que la plupart des mouvements\n\nconvergent vers la capitale N\u2019Djamena et vers le nord, frontalier avec la Libye.\n\n\nIl convient de noter que les relais de la CRT ne font pas le suivi des nombres des\n\npersonnes en mouvement mixte au Tchad ; ils effectuent des enqu\u00eates individuelles\n\naupr\u00e8s de personnes en mouvement pour assurer un monitoring de protection.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n## Analyse des donn\u00e9es | juillet- septembre 2021\n\n\nAu 3e trimestre de 2021, les relais de la CRT ont collect\u00e9 via les tablettes les donn\u00e9es de\n##### 3.560 personnes en mouvements mixtes sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national ; depuis\n\nle d\u00e9but de 2021, 10.188 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9es (Fig.1). Ainsi depuis mai 2018,\n\nles donn\u00e9es sur les mouvements mixtes collect\u00e9es et analys\u00e9es par la CRT/MIM en\n\ncollaboration avec le HCR repr\u00e9sentent 57.009 personnes.\n\n\nFigure 1\n\n**Nombre de personnes interrog\u00e9es par mois | 2021**\n\n**(total : 10.188)**\n\n\n\n1351\n1265\n\n\n\n1308\n\n\n\n1082 [1170]\n\n\n\n1088 1063\n\n\n\n907\n\n\n\n954\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep\n\n#### Profil des personnes interrog\u00e9es\n\n\nLa grande majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es, 87%, sont des hommes adultes (Fig.2).\n\n\nFigure 2\n\n**Personnes interrog\u00e9es par sexe et tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge | 3e trim. 2021**\n\n\nF\u00e9minin\n\nMasculin\n\n\n\n60+\n\n\n18-59\n\n\n0-17\n\n\n\n12.4%\n\n\n\n86.7%\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n\nLes Tchadiens quittant le pays constituent toujours la majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es\n\net repr\u00e9sentent 58,2% du total, tandis que la plupart des personnes d\u2019autres nationalit\u00e9s,\n\nen transit ou voulant rester au Tchad, proviennent des pays limitrophes (Fig.3).\n\n\nLa destination finale la plus cit\u00e9e reste la Libye qui repr\u00e9sente 52%, suivie par le Tchad\n\navec 13% (non Tchadiens) (Fig.4).\n\n\nFigure 3 Figure 4\n\n**Nationalit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es** **Destination finale d\u00e9clar\u00e9e**\n\n\n\n\n\nTchadienne\nSoudanaise\nCentrafricaine\n\nNig\u00e9riane\nCamerounaise\n\nNig\u00e9rienne\n\nMalienne\nBurkinab\u00e9e\nS\u00e9n\u00e9galaise\nSud-soudanaise\n\nAutres\n\n\n\n58.2%\n\n\n\nLibye\nTchad\n\nItalie\nArabie saoudite\n\nFrance\nCentrafrique\n\nCanada\n\nNiger\nSoudan\nGrande Bretagne\n\nCameroun\nAutre pays d'Europe\n\nAutre pays\n\n\n\n52.4%\n\n\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et ceux ayant l\u2019intention de demander l\u2019asile\n\ntotalisent 9,6% dont 4,3% r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Fig.5).\n\n\nFigure 5\n\n**Statut des personnes interrog\u00e9es**\n\n\nIntention de\n\n\n\nd'asile\n\n2.4%\n\n\n\ndemander\n\nasile\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n\nLes personnes interrog\u00e9es qui \u00e9voquent des raisons \u00e9conomiques comme motif de leur\n\nd\u00e9placement sont 69%, ceux qui mentionnent des conflits ou des raisons politiques 18%\n\n(Fig.6), en premier lieu des Centrafricains (43% de ce groupe) (Fig.7).\n\n\nFigure 6 Figure 7\n\n**Motifs de d\u00e9placement** **Motifs \u2018Conflit\u2019 & \u2018Raisons**\n**politiques\u2019 par nationalit\u00e9**\n\n\n\nConflit\n\n\nRaisons politiques\n\n\nRaisons \u00e9conomiques\n\n\nEn qu\u00eate d'une vie meilleure\n\n\nAutres\n\n\nManque de facilit\u00e9s\n\n\nRaisons environnementales\n\n\n\nAutres\n\n\n\n\n\n42.7%\n\n\n\n68.6%\n\n\n\nCentrafricaine\n\nSoudanaise\n\nNig\u00e9riane\nCamerounaise\n\nTchadienne\n\nNig\u00e9rienne\n\nMalienne\nBurkinab\u00e9e\nS\u00e9n\u00e9galaise\nCongolaise RDC\n\nSud-soudanaise\n\nCongolaise\n\n\n\n\n\nPresque la moiti\u00e9 (47%) des personnes interrog\u00e9es n\u2019ont eu qu\u2019une \u00e9ducation informelle\n\n(Fig.8).\n\n\nFigure 8\n\n**Niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation**\n\n\n47%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n#### Risques de protection encourus\n\n\nLes personnes en mouvements mixtes qui se d\u00e9placent sur le territoire tchadien sont\n\nquelquefois confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des incidents de protection. Au 3e trimestre de 2021, 23,5%\n\ndes personnes interrog\u00e9es rapportent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes ou t\u00e9moins d\u2019incidents de\n\nprotection pendant leur voyage. Ceux qui en ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes indiquent en premier lieu le\n\nvol (Fig.9).\n\n\nFigure 9\n\n**Incidents de protection - victimes**\n\n\n\nVol\n\n\nDestruction ou confiscation de\ndocuments et pi\u00e8ces d\u2019identit\u00e9\n\n\nMauvais traitements physiques\n\n\nAutre\n\n\nD\u00e9tention\n\n\nProstitution forc\u00e9e\n\n\nTravail forc\u00e9\n\n\nAbus sexuels\n\n#### R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement\n\n\n\n169\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDans la p\u00e9riode sous revue 698 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9es vers le HCR et d\u2019autres\n\norganisations humanitaires (Fig.10), la majorit\u00e9 comme potentiel demandeur d\u2019asile\n\n(Fig.11). Ces personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 orient\u00e9es vers diff\u00e9rentes formes d\u2019assistance : Fig.12.\n\n\n\nFigure 10\n\n**R\u00e9f\u00e9rencements**\n\n\nUNHCR\n\nOIM\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n311\n\n\n\nFigure 11\n\n**Raisons de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement**\n\n\nPotentiel demandeur d'asile / r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\nMigrant \u00e9conomique\n\n\nFemme en situation de risque\n\n\nVictime de traite\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9 interne/ retourn\u00e9 / rapatri\u00e9\n\n\nAutre\n\n\nEnfant s\u00e9par\u00e9 ou non accompagn\u00e9\n\n\n\n72.4%\n\n\n\n\n\nCNARR\n\nCICR\n\nAutre\n\nCRT\n\nUNICEF\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n\n\nFigure 12\n\n**Orientation vers assistance**\n\n\nServices d'accueil logement,\n\nvetements, nourriture\n\n\nProc\u00e9dure de demande d'asile\n\n\nPrise en charge m\u00e9dicale\n\nimm\u00e9diate\n\n\n\n47.6%\n\n\n\n\n\nRecherche r\u00e9unification familiale\n\n\nPrise en charge des victimes de la\n\ntraite\n\n#### Sensibilisation sur les risques\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEn vue d\u2019informer suffisamment les personnes en mouvements mixtes sur les risques\n\nencourus, le partenaire CRT a organis\u00e9 au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, des activit\u00e9s\n\nde sensibilisation de masse dans les localit\u00e9s de N\u2019Djamena ; Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9, Adr\u00e9 (Province du\n\nOuadda\u00ef) ; Biltine, Arada, Gu\u00e9r\u00e9da (Wadi Fira) ; Ati (Batha) ; Goz-Beida, Kerfi (Sila) ;\n\nBaga-Sola (Lac) ; et Massakory (Hadjer-Lamis) (voir carte). Au total, environ 4.826\n\npersonnes de toutes les cat\u00e9gories ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es par les relais communautaires\n\nde la CRT sur les risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements irr\u00e9guliers mixtes. Une \u00e9mission radio\n\ninteractive a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e le 02 septembre 2021 par la radio FM Al-Nadjah\n\nd\u2019Ati (Batha) en vue de sensibiliser le grand public sur les cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives de la\n\nmigration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Cette activit\u00e9 de d\u00e9bat interactif a permis de toucher une population\n\nestim\u00e9e \u00e0 40.000 habitants sur un rayon de 40 km\u00b2.\n\nLa diffusion du film sur les cons\u00e9quences des mouvements irr\u00e9guliers mixtes, via les\n\nagences (05) de transport, a permis de sensibiliser environ 20.490 personnes qui\n\nvoyageaient sur les axes routiers N\u2019Djamena-Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9 et N\u2019Djamena-Sud au cours de la\n\np\u00e9riode de juillet \u00e0 septembre 2021.\n\n#### R\u00e9admission\n\n\nEn outre, un cas de r\u00e9admission d\u2019un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 somalien en mouvement secondaire au\n\nNiger a \u00e9t\u00e9 facilit\u00e9 le 10 ao\u00fbt 2021 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la collaboration fructueuse entre l\u2019OIM, le\n\nHCR et les autorit\u00e9s du Niger et du Tchad.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JUILLET-SEPTEMBRE 2021\n\n\n**CONTACTS**\n\n**Iris Blom**, Deputy Representative (Protection), Tchad\n\nblom@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Babacar Samb**, Senior Protection Officer, Tchad\n\nsamb@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Terri Moussa Adam**, Associate Protection (Mouvements Mixtes), Tchad\n\nmoussat@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Filip Hilgert**, Information Management Officer, Tchad\n\nhilgert@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LIENS**\n[www.unhcr.org](http://www.unhcr.org/) | [UNHCR Data Portal - Chad](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/tcd) | [UNHCR Chad](https://reporting.unhcr.org/node/2533)\n\n[Twitter](https://twitter.com/UnhcrTchad) | [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRTchad/)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ce4a301-9573-3574-8487-e11c23f7409b/TCD_HCR_Mouvements%20Mixtes_Update_2021_Q3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_656/raw/doc_656_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_656/raw/doc_656_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 33a09cdbefe3b6f54302e1b36d0a4cc19a7a09f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_656/raw/doc_656_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - 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{ - "input_text": "**TASK FORCE ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TF TiP)**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION AND INCLUSION WORKING GROUP**\n\n\n\n26.9.2024, 10:00\nPalis\u00e1dy 29, Bratislava\n**Attendees:**\n\n**In person**\n\n\n\nZuzana Bartalsk\u00e1 (IOM), Martina Gro\u0161aft Cebecauerov\u00e1 (IOM), O\u013ega Pietruchov\u00e1 (UNHCR),\nBranko Kiss (KIND)\n\n\n**Online**\n\n\nKatar\u00edna Bo\u017e\u00edk (IOM), Alexandra Fil\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 (IOM), Martina Pussov\u00e1 (IC, Department of Crime\nPrevention, Ministry of Interior), Jana Noskovi\u010dov\u00e1 (NJBPNM), Silvia Dan\u010dov\u00e1 (Caritas Slovakia),\n\u013dudmila Hajtolov\u00e1 (Caritas Slovakia), Petra Bla\u017eejov\u00e1 (Migration Office, Ministry of Interior),\nGabriela \u0160aturov\u00e1 (US Embassy), Veronika Ondrovi\u010dov\u00e1 (National Labour Inspectorate)\n\n\n**Agenda:**\n\n\n - Approval of the minutes from the last meeting,\n\n\n - Regular update of partners from Department of Crime Prevention and Information Centre\nOffice of Minister of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, Slovak Catholic Charity, Program\nfor support and protection of victims of human trafficking, National Unit for Fight against\nIllegal Migration, National Labour Inspectorate, IOM\n\n\n - Presentation of the Tip Report, Gabriela \u0160aturov\u00e1, Political Specialist, U.S. Embassy\n\n\n - Presentation of Branko Kiss on Project Kind\n\n\n - AOB (Any other business)\n\n\n**Ms Zuzana Bartalsk\u00e1 (IOM)** welcomed participants and thanked them for attending the\nfourteenth meeting of TF on TiP, and asked if there are any comments related to the Minutes of\nthe last meeting and also explained that the meeting would be held in Slovak language, however\nif needed, interpretation can be ensured in the future.\n\n\n**Ms Martina Pussov\u00e1** from the **Information Centre, Department of Crime Prevention** informed\non the program of support and protection of victims under the responsibility of the Ministry of the\nInterior of SR.\n\n\nThe current number of victims in the program to this date \u2013 not only those newly enlisted, but also\nthose from previous years \u2013 is 15 victims. Of these, 11 victims were included in 2024 and 4 were\nvictims from previous years.\n\n\nAs for the number of identified victims in 2024, it is 22 victims - the number has increased by 8\nvictims since the last meeting. These are: 9 female victims (4 child victims), 1 female victim\nreturned to the program, and 13 male victims (1 child victim, of which 3 were foreigners from\nBulgaria).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As far as the purpose of exploitation was concerned, sexual exploitation was prevalent for\nwomen, forced labour for men, and sexual exploitation for child victims. Slovakia, the\nNetherlands, the Czech Republic and Germany appear among the target countries. Great Britain\nis no longer among them. As for AVR, 3 foreigners returned to their home country.\n\n\n**Information offices**\n\n\nIn 2024, 5 clients reached information offices in connection with the topic of TiP. As the\ninformation is anonymous, only the story and gender are known. These cases have been referred\nto NJBPNM. As far as citizens of other countries are concerned (as of 26.9.2024), 16 clients have\ncontacted the information offices, not a single case concerned TiP. In 2024, 122 prevention\nactivities were carried out on the topic. In June, a regional platform was held within Bratislava and\nKo\u0161ice region, and was attended by representatives of NJBPNM, IC, Caritas, IOM. The participants\nof the meeting were presented with the issue of TiP in general, how to refer for help, contacts, and\nthe national referral mechanism.\n\n\nAlso, NJBPNM and the Department of Crime Prevention cooperate within international project\nACID, in which the national unit and the Department of Crime Prevention participate. Through the\ninformation offices, 45 educational activities for foreigners \u2013 potential victims among the\nrefugees and mixed groups were carried out.\n\n\nDuring the implementation of educational preventive activities (VPA) for the target group of\npersons from Ukraine, interpretation and translation into Ukrainian language turned out very\nuseful. For mixed groups with a small number of participants communicating in the Ukrainian\nlanguage, a form of \"personal\" interpretation was used, when an informal interpreter sat down\ndirectly with the participants and interpreted the content of the activity for their needs. The\ncooperation with informal interpreters in these activities has proven itself not only from the point\nof view of minimizing language barriers, but also because the informal interpreters contributed\nto the creation of a relaxed atmosphere, also based on their ability to understand the situation of\nthe participants affected by the war conflict. In addition, child and youth participants contributed\nto overcoming cultural differences in a way that they had an opportunity to actively enrich the\ncontent of the VPA by presenting information about the forms of negative phenomena threatening\nchildren and youth in Ukraine. When mainly adults and seniors from Ukrainian community\nparticipated, the presence of an informal interpreter also served as a natural facilitation tool.\n\n\nCooperation with informal interpreters proved to be successful, but the OPK of the Ministry of the\nInterior of the Slovak Republic failed to reach an agreement at the level of the Ministry of Interior\nof SR on the continuation of the financing of contractual cooperation with informal interpreters\nin 2024.\n\n\nAt the beginning of October, a draft of the GRETA report on the implementation of the Convention\non Combating Trafficking in Human Beings for the Slovak Republic will be sent to the Executive\nDirector of the Council of Europe, where measures have been proposed. In this regard, there was\na request for the Slovak authorities to provide their comments. All institutions have been asked\nto send their comments by 16 [th] of September 2024, these are currently being incorporated and\ntranslated into EN. All entities will be informed when the report is sent. The final report will be\nreceived by the end of the year.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "To question from **Ms Bartalsk\u00e1** about the cases with which Ukrainians approached the\ninformation offices, **Ms Pussov\u00e1** further explained that clients approached the offices regarding\ncivil matters, family and labour disputes, fraud, physical harm, consumer protection issues, and\ncrime in online space. As far as the educational activities are concerned, 652 discussions were\ncarried out on various topics (over 18,000 participants), while the topics included \u2013 how not to\nbecome a victim of fraud and theft, TiP (1200 participants on this topic), media literacy, hate\nspeech, bullying and cyberbullying and antisemitism.\n\n\n**Ms Bartalsk\u00e1** thanked **Ms Pussov\u00e1** for the detailed information and opened the floor **to Ms.**\n**Noskovi\u010dov\u00e1 from National Unit for Fight against Illegal Migration (NJBPNM)** who informed\nabout the activities of **NJBPNM** for 2024 **.** As regards TiP, criminal prosecution was initiated in 11\ncases (9 cases of sexual exploitation, 2 cases of labour exploitation). In 2024, 23 victims of TiP\nhave been identified, of which 20 are victims of sexual exploitation, 3 victims of labour\nexploitation. 18 victims are children, which is an alarming number as it makes up to 3/4 of the\nvictims. All children were victims of sexual exploitation (19 girls, 1 boy) \u2013 aged 13-17. All the\nvictims were of Slovak nationality. In the investigation, 2 victims of Bulgarian nationality as victims\nof labour exploitation are reported. They responded to a job offer with an offered salary of 1600 to\n1800 euros and were also promised accommodation and food. They were accommodated in\nSenec, worked in a construction setting, and were not paid. When they demanded a wage, they\nencountered threats of physical violence, skirmishes, and managed to get free only by fleeing.\nThey worked in this way for 2 months. Afterwards, they were included in the program and returned\nhome.\n\n\nIn addition, 8 charges were filed, 17 people were co-accused. Of these 17 people, 2 children were\ncharged - 1 boy (15 years old) and 1 girl (16 years old), associated with the case of sexual\nexploitation. In 21 cases, exploitation took place in Slovakia, in 1 case in Hungary and 1 case in\nGermany.\n\n\nAs for the activities of the Joint Investigation Team, NJBPNM participated in 5 investigation teams\nin cooperation with Great Britain and Northern Ireland \u2013 the activity was terminated, as it usually\nlasts for 2 years. At the level of the Prosecutor General's Office, an agreement with the Czech\nRepublic on a joint investigation team is about to be signed, within which the criminal offence of\nTiP for the purpose of sexual exploitation of women in the Czech Republic is to be investigated.\nThe case is at the stage of the initiated criminal prosecution.\n\n\nFollowing this, **Ms. \u0160aturov\u00e1** asked how do traffickers look for clients? Does it take place online\nor offline?\n\n\n**Ms. Noskovi\u010dov\u00e1** responded that victims are recruited both online and offline. When it comes to\nthe online space, different/adult age is declared \u2013 however, users are aware that they are using\nthe services of a child, which is why there is also a higher penalty rate for this crime.\n\n\nShe also added that in all these cases, a circle of friends was involved - the victim is lured with\nthe prospect of earning money. It is not associated with marginalized communities, but also\nordinary children/girls. Initially, activities are voluntary, they want to earn extra money, they come\nfrom difficult circumstances. It means that mostly friends were looking for clients. That is, the\nperpetrator is in close contact with the victim, which means victims were not unknown persons.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Ms. Bartalsk\u00e1** thanked **Ms Noskovi\u010dov\u00e1** and opened the floor to **Ms Ondrovi\u010dov\u00e1** from National\nLabour Inspectorate. **Ms Ondrovi\u010dov\u00e1** explained that for the moment she cannot provide any\ninformation or update, but any questions can be addressed.\n\n\n**Ms Bartalsk\u00e1** thanked Ms Ondrovi\u010dov\u00e1 and informed on the current fraudulent recruitment\npractices through agencies. Third country nationals are granted visas while the work that was\npromised in the first place does not meet the initial conditions that parties agreed upon, putting\nthem in a precarious situation despite the fact that the contract was signed. As far as Ukraine is\nconcerned, the trend is that even in the surrounding countries, there are no recorded victims of\nTiP. Rather, there is a tendency to return to Ukraine, and only upon the return the issue is tackled.\n\n\n**Ms Dan\u010dov\u00e1** from Caritas reported on the activities of the last three months. As **Ms Pussov\u00e1**\nalready informed on the figures related to the Program of Support to victims of TiP, **Ms Dan\u010dov\u00e1**\ncontinued with figures related to the helpline.\n\n\nIn June, they received 20 calls, of which there were no potential victims. In July, 45 calls of which\n3 were related to TiP with 4 potential victims, and in August they recorded 35 calls, of which 4\nwere victims of TiP and 1 potential victim. In total, there were exactly 100 calls - 10 calls related\nto TiP with 5 potential victims (2 women - sexual exploitation, 2 children - forced begging, 1 person\n\n- domestic slavery). In no case a potential victim was identified. In the last 3 months, 1 return\ninvolving 5 men from NL - victims of forced labour, took place. They found out about the case\nthrough the embassy. The return was provided by a support organization from NL.\n\n\nAs a prevention activity, a discussion was held in the shelter for homeless in Nitra.\n\n\n**Ms Pietruchov\u00e1** asked about the self-identification and access to free services and cases when\nthe police does not classify the case as a criminal act of human trafficking.\n\n\nTo this, **Ms Dan\u010dov\u00e1** explained that if there is a reasonable suspicion that a person has become\na victim, it is enough. However, if the law enforcement authorities evaluate it differently, the victim\ncan be removed from the program. But the person is not removed from the program from one day\nto another. Before the person is discharged, he/she is referred to further support services.\nFollowing the Act on Victims of Crimes, if the person has become a victim of another crime, the\nperson is referred to relevant organizations, including information offices that provide support\nservices to all victims of crimes.\n\n\n**Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** from Caritas added that if it is a person who self-identifies and is interested in\naccessing the program, they can immediately facilitate access to the program. They do not need\nformal identification from the law enforcement authorities as long as the victim is referred to\nthem via the line, they go deal with the case and provide support to the victim. A person who does\nnot want to cooperate with the police can access the program for a period of 6 months. The victim\nis not obliged to cooperate with law enforcement authorities. If the potential victim gives his/her\napproval to cooperate with the law enforcement authorities, the person can access the services\nthroughout the whole period of investigation. **Ms Pussov\u00e1** put further that when the person is\nabout to be removed from the program, Information Centre provides the person with more time\nto arrange a different support setting through a different organization, so that the person is not\nleft without relevant support.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Ms Pietruchov\u00e1** further asked whether Caritas is considering the possibility of being enlisted as\na certified organization under the Act on Victims in line with the Ministry of Justice?\n\n\nTo this, **Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** responded that they are considering this possibility gradually, nevertheless\nit is necessary to prepare all the related documentation.\n\n\n**Ms Pietruchov\u00e1** further asked what does identification actually mean and how is the line\noperating now?\n\n\n**Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** explained that they can identify a person as a potential victim. When the police\nidentifies the person, the person is referred to them. For instance, a person who identified herself\nas a victim of sexual exploitation called the line, who they would include in the program\nimmediately. Although the option was offered, the person did not reach them back anymore.\n\n\nCan a different organization identify the victim, so that the person is included in the program? **Ms**\n**Hajtolov\u00e1** confirmed that yes, if the person agrees with it. **Ms Pussov\u00e1** added that when another\norganization identifies a potential victim, then Caritas conducts an identification interview.\n\n\nTo this, **Ms Fil\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1** asked whether the procedure is the following: If IOM identifies the victim,\nthen Caritas conducts the identification interview? **Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** explained that if for example,\nthe task of identification is not delegated to IOM, Caritas must carry out identification interview.\nIn case that in-depth interview is done by a different organization, they do not ask what happened\nagain, but a formal talk is necessary in order to fill out the documents about the person to include\nher/him in the program as Caritas is taking responsibility over the person. However, formal\nidentification is done by the law enforcement authorities.\n\n\nTo question on how the line operates, **Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** responded that they do not have anyone\nspeaking Ukrainian in their team anymore, but when there is a need, they try to find language,\nwhich all parties understand. If only UA is needed, they find an interpreter.\n\n\nIn this regard **Ms Pietruchov\u00e1** offered support \u2013 line for victims in UA and RU language.\n\n\n**Ms Fil\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1** asked how the interpretation is then ensured? Under what circumstances the has\nthe person right to interpretation?\n\n\nMs Pussov\u00e1 explained that interpretation should be ensured within the program including the\nnational line. **Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** added that if another organization refers a victim, they ensure\ninterpretation, however, if there are no indications of TiP, they do not ensure interpretation,\nputting that if support organizations ask for interpretation and there are no indications,\ninterpretation cannot be ensured. In order to ensure interpretation, a reasonable suspicion is\nnecessary. As an example, **Ms Hajtolov\u00e1** stated that interpretation was ensured for victims \u2013\ncitizens of Bulgaria. **Ms Pussov\u00e1** added that if an interview with the person was not conducted,\nthe interview with interpreter should be conducted by Caritas.\n\n\n**Ms Bartalsk\u00e1** informed further about infosessions that IOM has carried out for foreign students\nboth online and face-to-face. **Ms Bartalsk\u00e1** also highlighted that in some cases more than 50 per\ncent of students are UAMs in the first year of studies. These UAMs are looking for work as well in\norder to somehow sustain the life on their own here. Many times, they do not understand pros\nand cons of different residence statuses, in particular how temporary residence for the study\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "purposes puts them in a more disadvantaged position since they need to cover health insurance\non their own.\n\n\nFurther, **Ms \u0160aturov\u00e1** from US Embassy highlighted the vulnerability of third country nationals as\nour government increased the number of special national visas granted to workers from Asia. **Ms**\n**Bartalsk\u00e1** also mentioned that IOM encounters fraudulent practices and retention of documents\nespecially regarding workers from Asia.\n\n\n**Ms Noskovi\u010dov\u00e1** informed that a potential case of TiP or a suspicion can be referred by anyone.\nWhen they receive these information they will check it.\n\n\n**Mr Kiss** informed on the Project Kind devoted to help UAMs who find themselves on the territory\nof another state. The organization employs around 100 people all around the world. Since March\nand April they initiated a project within Slovakia, Poland and Czech Republic and mostly for UAMs\nfrom UA. They evaluate findings and cooperate with state authorities. They also provide legal\nsupport. Mr Kiss continued highlighting that it is difficult to investigate acts of organized criminal\nactivity given the foreign element. Mr Kiss also mentioned that there is a window of opportunity\nfor criminal activity since Ukrainian state institutions deal with other issues for the moment.\nDifferent organizations promise young Ukrainians support and arrangement of enrolment at\nSlovak universities while these are aged under 18 with guardianship from UA which cannot be\nverified. Some of them are here because they want to avoid conscription. Mr Kiss informed that\nwe should contact him if there is any case we need help with.\n\n\n**Ms Pietruchov\u00e1** informed on the report that has been published in September 2024 **Vulnerability to trafficking in persons in the context of the war in Ukraine - Findings from**\n**Poland and Romania available here:** [Vulnerability to trafficking in persons in the context of the](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/vulnerability-trafficking-persons-context-war-ukraine-findings-poland-and-romania?utm_source=rw-subscriptions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=country_updates_190)\n[war in Ukraine .](https://reliefweb.int/report/poland/vulnerability-trafficking-persons-context-war-ukraine-findings-poland-and-romania?utm_source=rw-subscriptions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=country_updates_190)\n\n\n**Ms \u0160aturov\u00e1** from the **US Embassy** presented the key findings of the Trafficking in Persons Report\n2024. In the area of prosecution, law enforcement agencies investigated and prosecuted fewer\nsuspects in 2023 than in 2022. Courts convicted significantly more traffickers (18). Moderate\nsentences are still given to traffickers - 10 out of 18 cases are suspended. Professional training\ncontinued for a wide range of stakeholders. EMPACT \"Action Days\" were implemented: no\nvictims/traffickers identified. In terms of protection, 43 victims were identified - less than in 2022.\nAlso, low identification among foreign nationals and an increase in the proportion of child victims\n(49 percent) were reported. Despite the prioritization of the protection of potential victims from\namong the UA refugees, no case has been confirmed. Furthermore, a low level of victim\nparticipation in the victim support and protection program was reported. The courts granted\nfinancial compensation to 2 victims. In addition, special rooms in the courts were opened. In the\narea of prevention, the report points out insufficient monitoring of the subsidy program for\naccommodation for Ukrainian refugees and insufficient control of recruitment agencies.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/afff4b0a-0813-5387-acf2-55dd21a8db9f/TF%20on%20TiP%2026.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_66/raw/doc_66_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_66/raw/doc_66_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6551ac0ed32883f3d6f215edc1c683d0951346ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_66/raw/doc_66_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "STRATEGY ADVISORY GROUP\nPOSITION PAPER ON\n\n# **PREFABRICATED SHELTER**\n\n\nThe Shelter Cluster\u2019s priority is for people to regain their rights and live in their own homes, and there\nis some concern that any proposals to establish sites with prefabricated modules/containers has the\npotential to extend residents displacement and put at risk their housing, land and property rights.\n\n\nNO ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL SOLUTION\nThere is no one-size-fits-all shelter solution for Gaza, and the Transitional Shelter Technical Working\nGroup is working with shelter partners to outline a range of solutions including housing repairs,\ncollective center repairs, incremental emergency shelter kits, etc.\n\n\nSCALE OF DESTRUCTION\nDue to the scale of destruction being so high, it will take a long time to repair and rebuild damaged\nbuildings and some people may not be allowed to return to their areas of origin, hence these modules\ncould have a role as part of prefab module sites but only as a last resort.\n\n\nCOST CONSIDERATIONS\nThe cost of installing these modules is often substantial and can potentially be equivalent to repairing\nor rebuilding permanent housing, and therefore, their use is again only accepted as a last resort. As of\nAugust 2024, some partners are reporting between 3k to 12k USD costs for the prefab modules\nthemselves (depending on type and logistical costs). However, for large sites for the cost of prefab\nmodule + all associated infrastructure, one partner reports costs of 22k USD/unit.\n\n\nRISKS\nShould these modules be used in Gaza, they would only be designed as a temporary solution, but\nthere are risks that their use could potentially continue indefinitely (past the design life of these\nmodules), because of the deprivation of the right of Palestinians to choose where to live, and this\nfurther poses significant risks to life with dignity.\n\n\nThis shelter solution is difficult to maintain, not easy to fix compared to locally built shelters because\nof the difficulty of finding appropriate fixing materials locally.\n\n\nThis solution is rigid and hard to adapt to different household sizes and preferences. It is essential to\nhave a system that allows for upgrades, expansions, and cultural customization. Communities often\nprefer incremental solutions that can be transformed into dignified shelters rather than fixed\nsolutions.\n\n\nWhile some prefabricated shelter solutions are very rigid, those that allow for upgrades and support\nthe local market are preferable.\n\n\nCURRENT SITUATION\nAs of October 2024, as part of the recent October 2023 conflict response, no organization has\nintroduced these prefabricated modules in Gaza, and there are no agreed designated areas for their\ninstallation.\n\n\nPrefab module sites should not be established if there is no clear and funded exit strategy. However,\nin escalations pre-October 2023, there has been guidance issued by the authorities that prefabs may\nbe placed on the land of people reconstructing. It is therefore still recommended that if these prefab\nmodules are to be used that they are primarily placed on the land of those households who are\nreconstructing, or immediately adjacent to that land. Prefab module sites should be avoided, since,\nlike camps in all contexts, there can be a range of substantial challenges.\n\n\nIf prefab models are deemed to be the most appropriate solution for a given situation, their design\nand installation should follow best practice, and guidance from the relevant cluster/organization in\nterms of location, infrastructure, size, material, utilities, etc.\n\n\nShelter Cluster Palestine. Revised Position on Prefabricated Shelters December 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5974392-e0ae-4621-996a-d7744460a220/241220_Prefabricated%20shelters-SAG%20revised%20position_FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_660/raw/doc_660_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_660/raw/doc_660_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d5195737ebe1cf203308e75ccb7bea025420d034..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_660/raw/doc_660_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,536 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **THE TOLL OF DROUGHT ON DISPLACED AND VULNERABLE PERSONS IN** **SOMALIA**\n\n_A man stands by carcasses of livestock in Dinsoor district, southern Somalia where drought has wiped out_\n_thousands of livestock and left pastoralist families desolate. \u00a9UNHCR 2022_ [\uf02a]\n\n\n**Harriet Kasidi Mugera**\n\n\n**Kazusa Yoshimura**\n\n\n\uf02a _This brief builds on a high-frequency phone-based survey (HFPS) led by the World Bank (WB) in collaboration with_\n_the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Somalia and_\n_the World Bank-UNHCR Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC)._\n\n_The brief was prepared under the overall direction of Pierella Paci (Practice Manager, EAEPV), Marek Hanusch (Lead_\n_Economist, Program Leader, EAEDR), Bjorn Erik Gillsater (Program Manager, JDC GTFS2) and Maja Lazic (Deputy_\n_Head, JDC, UNCHR). The brief benefited from comments and inputs from Jedediah Rooney Fix (Senior Economist,_\n_UNHCR) and Florence Nana Pokuaah Nimoh (Economist, UNHCR)._\n\n_Editorial inputs and reviews were provided by Melany Markham (Senior Communication Officer, JDC -UNHCR)._\n\n_The report was made possible through financial support from the World Bank \u2013 UNHCR Joint Data Center on Forced_\n_Displacement (JDC)._\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "high-frequency phone-based survey", - "confidence": 0.98751300573349, - "start": 72, - "end": 75 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7360105514526367, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HFPS", - "confidence": 0.9806203842163086, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.5031306147575378, - "start": 81, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOMALIA", - "confidence": 0.928691565990448, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DISPLACED AND VULNERABLE PERSONS", - "confidence": 0.6274055242538452, - "start": 8, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KEY FINDINGS**\n\n\n - **Nine out of ten displaced and host community households reported that they were affected by**\n**the drought.**\n\n - **Food insecurity was dire. 50 percent of households experienced moderate and severe hunger.**\n**This was particularly serious among refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) living in**\n**camps.**\n\n - **The most widespread impact of the drought is the loss of livestock. 40 percent of those who**\n**had lost livestock reported severe or complete destruction of their herds.**\n\n - **64 percent of hosts have abandoned farming, which could increase the internal displacement**\n**crisis.**\n\n - **Less than 40 percent of affected households received any drought-related assistance.**\n\n## Introduction\n\nSince October 2021, Somalia has been hit by drought of an unprecedented scale. In February 2023, the\ncountry was still experiencing the longest and most severe drought in its history. It is estimated that more\nthan 1.4 million people have been displaced and at least 3.5 million livestock have died [1] .\n\n\nHumanitarian assistance is far from sufficient [2] . According to the latest Food Security and Nutrition Analysis\nUnit (FSNAU) report, 8.3 million people across Somalia are expected to face crisis (IPC Phase 3) or acute\nfood insecurity between April and June 2023. FSNAU also predicted that the situation will be worse among\nagropastoral populations in Baidoa and Burhakaha districts of Bay region, where famine (IPC Phase 5) is\nprojected between April and June 2023. [3] Moreover, the effects of the recent war in Ukraine led to price\nhikes of essential food commodities in Somalia and across Africa. This is expected to further squeeze\nhousehold welfare and raise food insecurity in the country.\n\nThe drought has devastated a population that is largely dependent on agriculture by destroying livestock\nand crops. The drought also triggered a food price increase. Rampant food shortages were exacerbated\nby volatility in international markets, leading to food insecurity, particularly among the vulnerable groups.\nThough households have received assistance in the form of cash or food, not all the affected populations\nhad been reached when the survey was conducted. By July 2022, less than 40 percent of households\nreported having received any drought-related assistance.\n\n\n1 https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/02/1133272\n2 https://fsnau.org/in-focus/multi-partner-technical-release-updated-ipc-analysis-somalia-october-2022-june2023-english\n3 https://fsnau.org/in-focus/multi-partner-technical-release-updated-ipc-analysis-somalia-october-2022-june2023-english\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### _Figure 1: Geographic distribution of displaced persons in Somalia [4]_\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY**\n**DISPLACED PERSONS**\n\n\n\n\n# 2,967,500 92,762 33,290\n\n4 Persons of Concern (PoC) for UNHCR. Population figures as of June 30, 2022, provided by UNHCR.\nhttps://data.unhcr.org/en/country/som\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 2: Average Precipitation in Somalia April \u2013 June_\n## Drought and its impact\n\nThe recent, unprecedented crisis in Somalia has been driven by\nconsecutive seasons of poor rainfall since 2015. For instance,\nrainfall between 1 [st] April and 30 [th] June 2022 was 40 \u2013 70 percent\nbelow average across most parts of Somalia ( _Figure 2_ ) [5] . The\nsituation was further aggravated by conflict and insecurity,\ndisease outbreaks, the impact of COVID 19 and rapidly increasing\nfood prices.\n\n\nIn the data collection activity in August 2022, households were\nasked if they experienced any drought since September 2021,\nand if so, how it affected them. Apart from refugee households,\nover 90 percent of households reported that they were affected\nby the drought ( _Figure 3_ ). The number was the highest among\nIDPs residing in and out of camps (95 - 97 percent). A lower, but\nstill considerable, number of refugee households reported to\nhave been affected by the drought (57 percent).\n\n\n_Figure 3: Households experienced drought (since September 2021)_\n\n\n5 https://fsnau.org/downloads/Somalia-2022-Post-Gu-Seasonal-Assessment-Key-Findings-Final-12-Sep-2022.pdf\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collection activity", - "confidence": 0.6590337157249451, - "start": 98, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9557914733886719, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8309512138366699, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.587115466594696, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8760393857955933, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Poor yields, loss of livestock, loss of other assets and death/illness were among the losses suffered by\nhouseholds due to the drought ( _Figure 4_ ). Almost half of refugee households experienced losses of other\nassets while one in four reported poor yields. Refugee households also experienced higher rates of illness\nor death (23%), compared to an average of eight percent among Somali households. 40 percent of those\nwho reported loss of livestock experienced either severe or complete destruction of the livestock ( _Figure_\n_5_ ).\n\n\n_Figure 4: Losses suffered by households due to drought_\n\n\nMost of the households who had experienced drought lost livestock ( _Figure 5_ ). This loss was reported by\nall the groups, with host community households reporting the highest (70 percent). Most of the displaced\nhouseholds also reported the loss of livestock (66 percent of IDPs out of camps; 54 percent of IDPs in\ncamps, and 55 percent among refugee returnees).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 5: Extent of the loss to livestock due to drought_\n\n\nThe impact on crop farming was especially severe among the host community and IDPs. Around 80\npercent of those who were engaged in farming in the last six months reported that they had to change\ntheir farming activities due to drought (36 percent of hosts, 49 percent of IDPs in camps, 44 percent of\nIDPs outside camps, 20 percent of refugees and 44 percent of refugee returnees). Among them, 64\npercent of host community households, and nearly 50 percent of IDPs and refugee returnees reported to\nhave abandoned crop farming due to the drought ( _Figure 6_ ).\n\n\n_Figure 6: Impact of drought on crop farming_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite the scale and impact of the drought, the assistance is still far from sufficient. Only a third of host,\nrefugee, returnee and IDP out of camp households affected by the drought had received any assistance\nin July 2022. IDPs in camps are slightly better off compared to other groups, but almost 60 percent had\nstill not received any assistance ( _Figure 7_ ). Among households who received assistance, food aid was the\nmost common type. One third of IDP and returnee households received cash transfers, while 62 percent\nof host community households reported receiving cash transfers for the drought.\n\n\n_Figure 7: Assistance received by households to respond to the drought_\n\n\n_Exposure to increasing food prices_\nThe effect of the drought and the global economy were compounded by increasing food prices. According\nto FSNAU for Somalia, compared to the five-year average, prices of most imported foods were higher in\nmost regions of Somalia in August 2022, mainly due to speculation on international markets [6] . At the same\ntime, local cereal and livestock prices were substantially higher (40-112% for cereal, 11-49% for livestock)\ndue to reduced cereal supply, deterioration of livestock body conditions and declining herd sizes caused\nby prolonged drought.\n\n\nTo better understand the impact of prices, households were asked about their perceptions and the\nmagnitude of food prices \u2013 whether they felt they had gone up a lot, gone up somewhat, stayed the same\nor gone down over the last 12 months ( _Figure 8_ ). All households perceived significant increases in prices.\nRefugee households appeared especially vulnerable to price increases, with 65 percent experiencing\nsignificant increases in price and 19 percent suggesting they had gone up somewhat. Host community\npopulations also had high levels of exposure to price changes, with 53 percent and 15 percent saying\nprices had gone up a lot or somewhat, respectively.\n\n\n6 https://fsnau.org/downloads/Market-Update-August-2022.pdf\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 8: Household perceptions of changes in food prices_\n\n\n\n_Food insecurity_\nThe combined effects of drought and higher food prices\nhas increased food insecurity in Somalia, particularly\nfor the most vulnerable people in the country. To\nunderstand the degree that it has affected each\npopulation, the Household Hunger Scale (HHS) score\nwas calculated ( _Box 1_ ). The situation remained dire for\nmost of the groups and deteriorated for IDP households\n_(Figure 9)_ . The hunger situation also worsened around\nthe same time as the lack of rainfall, indicating that\ndrought may have exacerbated the already fragile\nconditions of households. Among the IDP households\nliving out of camps, 32 percent suffered moderate\nhunger in November 2021. This increased significantly\nin July 2022 to 45 percent. The majority of IDP\nhouseholds living in camps also suffered from\nmoderate hunger, yet refugee households reported to\nhave suffered severe and moderate hunger in both\nperiods of data collection (72 percent in November 2021, 67 percent in July 2022). The socioeconomic\nimpact of the pandemic, difficulties in finding employment (due to legal status and language barrier), and\nrapid increases in the price of food in urban areas where they reside, were all factors that contributed to\nthe food insecurity situation of refugee households.\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 9: Food Insecurity and the household hunger score_\n\n\n**Annex: Data and Methodology**\n\n\nThe environment surrounding displaced populations in Somalia in terms of welfare, food insecurity, and\nemployment is changing rapidly. It is difficult to monitor the situation frequently due to insecurity in many\nparts of the country. There is therefore need for innovative, cost-effective, and time-saving data collection\nmethods and techniques. Socioeconomic data on IDPs was last collected nationally in 2017 through the\nSomali High Frequency Survey (SHFS). The Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) 2018-19\u2014\nanother large-scale household survey\u2014did not include displaced populations.\n\n\nThe World Bank (WB) in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),\nthe National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Somalia and the World Bank-UNHCR Joint Data Center on Forced\nDisplacement (JDC) conducted a high-frequency phone-based survey (HFPS). The first round of the survey\nwas conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 and second round was conducted in July-August\n2022. The sample consists of about 500 households from host communities, IDPs living in camps, IDPs\nliving outside camps, refugees, and refugee returnees.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somali High Frequency Survey", - "confidence": 0.9744222164154053, - "start": 87, - "end": 91 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Socioeconomic data on IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8807545900344849, - "start": 75, - "end": 79 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7983016967773438, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SHFS", - "confidence": 0.8759962916374207, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9786513447761536, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.900249719619751, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.6063492298126221, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somali Health and Demographic Survey", - "confidence": 0.8344409465789795, - "start": 96, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "large-scale household survey", - "confidence": 0.7137719392776489, - "start": 107, - "end": 110 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8185808658599854, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SHDS", - "confidence": 0.7160019278526306, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9414359927177429, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018-19", - "confidence": 0.8897735476493835, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7100271582603455, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "high-frequency phone-based survey", - "confidence": 0.9825831651687622, - "start": 162, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9100146889686584, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "HFPS", - "confidence": 0.9991719722747803, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9154125452041626, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6664432883262634, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households from host communities", - "confidence": 0.7072380185127258, - "start": 198, - "end": 202 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The survey was conducted through phone interviews, thus working phone numbers were needed for the\ntarget populations. Phone numbers for refugees and refugee returnees were provided from the UNHCR\ndatabases [7] . The phone numbers for the host communities and IDPs living outside camps were available\nfrom the previous national phone survey. Host community households were selected based on frequency\nof interaction with IDP populations i.e., households that reported to have interacted with the displaced\npopulations at least once a month. For IDPs living in the camps, refugees and refugee returnees were\nobtained from the UNHCR database.\n\n\nMost refugees in Somalia are from Ethiopia (54 percent) and Yemen (41 percent) and live outside camps\nin the urban and peri urban areas of the north and northeast. The survey therefore focused on these two\nrefugee groups. In the case of refugee returnees, about 11,606 households were registered in the UNHCR\ndatabase at the time of sample selection, most having returned from Kenya (97 percent) and Yemen (2\npercent). Many of them live alongside IDPs in camps. As for IDPs living in camp, the focus was on two main\nregions\u2014Banadir and Bay\u2014which hosts almost 50 percent of the in camp IDPs in Somalia.\n\n\n**Box 1: Reweighting to correct phone survey bias**\n\n\nOne shortcoming of phone surveys is its lack of national representativeness in key statistics. People who respond\nto phone interviews may have systematically different characteristics from those who do not respond to phone\ninterviews. Moreover, there are populations that are completely excluded from phone surveys because they do\nnot own or use phones or may not have connectivity despite mobile phone ownership or may not have access\nto reliable sources of energy. For example, in rural Somalia, many households do not own phones while\ntelephone ownership and use in urban areas is close to 90 percent. Since phone ownership or use is essential for\nphone interviews, such an unbalanced distribution makes the collection of nationally representative data\nchallenging. Nevertheless, there are ways to partially address these issues through reweighting exercises. In this\nsurvey, we adjusted sampling weights so that weighted averages of key statistics become as representative of\nthe target group of Somalia as possible.\n\n\nThe survey questionnaire was designed to cover important and relevant topics for displaced populations,\nincluding household- and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of COVID-19 and\nadoption of preventive behavior, access to basic goods and services, access to social assistance, impacts\nof COVID-19 on economic activity and income sources, households' exposure to shocks including ongoing\ndrought and coping mechanisms as well as displacement-specific topics such as interaction between the\ndisplaced and host communities.\n\n\n7 The final data consists of 469 host communities, 551 IDPs in camps, 503 IDPs living outside the camps, 467 refugees\nand 550 refugee returnees.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\ndatabases", - "confidence": 0.9122011065483093, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6669520139694214, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.5197734832763672, - "start": 22, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national phone survey", - "confidence": 0.654634416103363, - "start": 53, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5673967003822327, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR database", - "confidence": 0.7711354494094849, - "start": 106, - "end": 108 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9978432655334473, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5540534257888794, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.7232920527458191, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nationally representative data", - "confidence": 0.6274072527885437, - "start": 370, - "end": 373 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7961419820785522, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9172884225845337, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6707651615142822, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6502236127853394, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5701507925987244, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8464654684066772, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.9174322485923767, - "start": 428, - "end": 430 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "final data", - "confidence": 0.942249059677124, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host communities", - "confidence": 0.7098034620285034, - "start": 493, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/068b21f1-cfda-49fc-863a-f66e042b23b6/THE-TOLL-OF-DROUGHT-ON-DISPLACED-AND-VULNERABLE-PERSONS-IN-SOMALIA.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_661/raw/doc_661_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_661/raw/doc_661_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dc208ed238ec1e6b3735672c7c0fb99610fcbab2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_661/raw/doc_661_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,380 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe** OCTOBER 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\nContents\n\n\nExecutive summary 4\n\nKey recommendations 6\n\nContext 8\n\nMethodology 8\n\nRegistration 10\n\nAppeal 12\n\nDocumentation 13\n\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nInformation used in this report was collected by UNHCR and complemented with\ninformation provided by International Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA)\nmembers including the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), World Vision International\n(WVI) and partners such as the European Network on Statelessness and Helsinki\nFoundation.\n\n\nThe report was drafted by the Protection Unit in UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for\nEurope (RBE) with analysis of data coordinated by the Data, Identity\nManagement and Analysis Unit (DIMA).\n\n\nWe are grateful for the extensive involvement and support of UNHCR\u2019s partners,\nlocal authorities, civil society, international organizations and donors. Most\nimportantly, UNHCR would like to acknowledge the resilience and strength of\nrefugees from Ukraine, who continue to share with us their challenges, fears and\nhopes.\n\n\n~~CONTACT US~~\n\nUNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe\nEmail: rbeext@unhcr.org\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_Poland. Refugees from Ukraine at a Blue Dot Safe Space, Protection and Support Hub in UNHCR\u2019s cash enrolment_\n_centre in Krakow Tauron Arena, May 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Maciej Moskwa_\n\n\n\nFreedom of movement 15\n\nFamily reunification 17\n\nPersons with specific needs 18\n\nEducation 21\n\nLabour market 23\n\nSocial protection 25\n\nHealthcare 27\n\nAccommodation 29\n\nEmerging practices: addressing barriers to rights 30\n\n\n\n2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Executive summary\n\nBased on research conducted in 26 countries implementing the Temporary Protection Direction (TPD), this\nreport presents the main findings relating to the practical implementation of the Directive and refugees\u2019 ability\nto access and exercise rights protected under it.\n\nKey findings\n\n\n**THE RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER THE DIRECTIVE ARE INTERDEPENDENT:**\n**REFUGEES\u2019 INABILITY TO EXERCISE ONE RIGHT IMPEDED THE REALIZATION OF**\n**OTHER RIGHTS**\n# **1**\n\nThe inability of refugees to exercise one right often negatively impacted the enjoyment of other rights. For\nexample, delayed issuance of documentation to Temporary Protection (TP) beneficiaries impacts their ability to\naccess a wide range of rights; challenges relating to a lack of capacity in local schools significantly impedes\nadults\u2019 access to the labour market, whilst a lack of sustainable, longer-term housing has had a multifaceted\nimpact on refugees\u2019 ability to exercise their other rights including education, employment, and social protection.\n\n\n**REFUGEES ENCOUNTER A RANGE OF PRACTICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND**\n**LEGAL BARRIERS TO ENJOYMENT OF RIGHTS**\n# **2**\n\nLack of access to information and language barriers limit refugees\u2019 access to almost all rights provided under\nthe Directive, including registration processes, education, employment, family reunification and social\nprotection. Challenges relating to the lack of a permanent address, lack of childcare options and the inability to\nprovide documents required to access certain services were also commonly raised as barriers to the enjoyment\nof rights.\n\n\n**PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS FACE INCREASED OBSTACLES TO ACCESS**\n**RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER THE DIRECTIVE; THE LACK OF SYSTEMATIC**\n**IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES IS ONE OF THE ROOT CAUSES**\n# **3**\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection monitoring, 24% of respondents reported at least one household member with\na specific need, including persons with disabilities, serious medical needs, older persons and separated or\nunaccompanied children. [1] Yet, nine of the 26 countries monitored do not have standard procedures in place to\nidentify persons with specific needs. In the 17 countries where there are procedures in place, the process lacks\ncomprehensiveness, being largely confined to the identification of limited population groups such as\nunaccompanied and separated children or victims of human trafficking. The absence of systematic and\ncomprehensive identification procedures impedes the ability of persons with specific needs to access\nspecialized services and assistance, thereby increasing the risks they face in displacement.\n\n\n1. UNHCR protection monitoring for the Ukraine refugee situation results, May to September 2022. Protection monitoring was\nconducted in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.\n\n\n\n\n# **4**\n\n\n\n**SEVERAL OF THE IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES ARE EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO**\n**REFUGEES WHO HAVE BEEN GRANTED STATUS THROUGH NATIONAL ASYLUM**\n**SYSTEMS**\n\n\n\nSeveral identified challenges are equally experienced by refugees from Ukraine who have been granted\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6420170068740845, - "start": 486, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9577789306640625, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6995015144348145, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Context\n\n\n\nThe international armed conflict in Ukraine\nprecipitated one of the largest displacement crises\nin the world. As of 12 October 2022, over 7.6 million\nrefugees from Ukraine have fled to Europe, and\nalmost seven million people have been internally\ndisplaced. In response, the European Union (EU),\nthrough the Council's Implementing Decision\n2022/382 of 4 March 2022,3 triggered the\napplication of the Temporary Protection Directive\n(TPD) 2001/55/EC, the duration of which has\nrecently been extended until March 2024.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomed the decision to activate the TPD\nin European Union Member States as one way to\nprovide immediate protection from refoulement and\naccess to rights for refugees. UNHCR has a\nparticular interest in the application and\nimplementation of the TPD in view of the specific\nrole afforded to UNHCR under the Directive,4 and\n### Methodology\n\n\nThis report is based on research conducted by\nUNHCR between July and August 2022 in 26\ncountries applying the TPD,6 complemented with\ninformation provided by members of the\nInternational Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA)\nmembers including the Danish Refugee Council\n(DRC), World Vision International (WVI) and partners\nsuch as the European Network on Statelessness\n(ENS) and Helsinki Foundation for 4 of the 26\n\n\n\ndue to UNHCR\u2019s mandate to provide international\nprotection to refugees. In this respect, UNHCR has\n[previously compiled a number of promising](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\n[practices relating to EU Member States\u2019 application](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\nof the TPD,5 including enhanced registration,\npromoting access to information on procedures,\nexpedited issuance of documentation and\ndigitalization of systems.\n\n\nSix months on from the activation of the TPD,\nUNHCR conducted research into the practical\nimplementation of the Directive with a focus on\nrefugees\u2019 access to rights. This report presents the\nfindings from this research, including\nrecommendations on enhancing access to rights\nand protection for refugees from Ukraine.\n\n\n\ncountries covered.7 Research was conducted\nthrough consultations with national authorities, local\nmunicipalities, partner organizations and NGOs\nassisting refugees from Ukraine and through direct\nconsultations with refugee communities themselves\non their experiences accessing their rights under\nthe Directive.\n\n\n\n3. Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within\nthe meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection EUR-Lex - 32022D0382 - EN - EUR-Lex\n(europa.eu)\n4. Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) 2001/55/EC, Article 3(3)\n5. UNHCR, \u2018The EU Temporary Protection Directive in Practice 2022\u2019, May 2022, available at [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/93633)\n6. Research was conducted in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,\nHungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.\n7. Greece, Italy, Romania and Poland.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Registration\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 10**\n\n\nTo enable the effective application of the Council Decision referred to in Article 5, Member States shall register\nthe personal data referred to in Annex II, point (a), with respect to the persons enjoying temporary protection\non their territory.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Enhanced registration practices, including increased capacities and digitization, continue to**\n**demonstrate efficiencies. All Member States should be actively encouraged to apply similar**\n**practices to enhance access to protection and rights under the TPD.**\n\n - **TP beneficiaries highlight a need for accurate information on registration processes, rights**\n**attached to TP status and interpretation services at registration points. In some countries,**\n**local authorities require additional guidance on the rights of third country nationals and**\n**stateless persons to access TP registration.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO REGISTRATION**\n\n\n\nAt the beginning of the crisis, refugees in several\ncountries reported long queues and waiting times\nassociated with Temporary Protection (TP)\nregistration. This was partially attributed to the large\nnumber of people seeking TP and their uneven\nconcentration in some areas. Multiple countries\nhave since introduced measures to expedite the\nprocess, notably through digitizing the registration\nprocess. Apart from accelerating the process,\ndigitization has significantly expanded geographical\nreach. Nevertheless, some refugees have\nencountered difficulties accessing online\nregistration portals, including due to digital illiteracy\nand language barriers. As of August 2022, in 21 of\nthe 26 countries monitored the registration process\ntakes between 30 minutes to a few days. In the\nremaining five countries, however, the process\ncould last a few weeks to four months. In some\ncases, registration capacities which were scaled up\nat the beginning of the crisis were reduced,\nprolonging the registration process for new arrivals.\nDelays in the registration process impacts\nindividuals\u2019 abilities to access rights protected\nunder the Directive.\n\n\nRefugees reported experiencing several other\nchallenges including a lack of accurate and clear\ninformation about the registration process and the\nrights attached to their status, challenges echoed in\ninformation collected by ICVA network member\nWVI. In some countries, support centres which\nprovide information are located in large cities, which\nare challenging for TP beneficiaries located in rural\nareas to access. Refugees thus mostly relied on\ninformation provided by family members,\ncommunity-based organizations or on information\ngathered through social media outlets which may\nnot be accurate. ICVA network members also\nhighlighted the challenges which older persons face\nin accessing information on registration processes\nwhich is primarily provided through online platforms.\n\n\n\nA lack of interpretation services at registration\npoints was also routinely reported. In some cases,\nvolunteers were sporadically providing\ninterpretation services, but multiple countries\nreported a general lack of predictable interpretation\nservices for individuals seeking to apply for TP,\nwhich created a barrier to understanding and\naccessing registration services.\n\n\nIn addition, although non-Ukrainian nationals are\nincluded under the provisions of the TPD in certain\ncases, [8] a lack of clear guidance to registration staff\nin this regard has reportedly led to some nonUkrainian nationals being denied permission to\nregister or being required to provide additional\ndocumentary evidence relating to their inability to\nreturn to their countries of origin in safe and durable\nconditions. This has resulted in some third country\nnationals being redirected to the regular asylum\nprocedure, despite their prima facie entitlement to\nprotection under the TPD, risking adding an\nadditional burden to national asylum procedures.\nICVA members (Helsinki Foundation through DRC)\nadditionally reported challenges in some cases for\nundocumented individuals and stateless persons to\nestablish their identity and eligibility for TP, with\nresulting challenges in accessing TP registration\nprocedures.\n\n\nUNHCR additionally identified challenges facing\nsome individuals who change their place of\nresidence from one EU MS to another after having\napplied for TP in their first host country. Such\nindividuals, at times, face challenges in accessing\nTP registration in their new host country and are\nasked for evidence that they have \u2018de-registered\u2019\nthemselves in the first MS they were registered in,\ndespite guidance from the European Commission to\nthe contrary. [9]\n\n\n\ninformation\n\n\n\nlack of interpretation difficulty accessing refusal of access to difficulty accessing\n\nlong queues\n\n\n\nrefusal of access to\n\nregistration services\n\n\n\nlack of interpretation\n\n\n\ndifficulty accessing\n\n\n\nservices\n\n\n\nregistration point\n\n\n\ncountries **countries** countries countries countries\n\n\n\n8. As set out in Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from\n[Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, available at: https://eur-](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382)\n[lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382.](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382)\n9. European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions received on the interpretation of the Temporary Protection Directive and\nCouncil Implementing Decision 2022/382\u2019, available at: [https://home-afairs.ec.europa.eu/system/fles/2022-07/Frequently%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n[asked%20questions%20received%20on%20the%20interpretation%20of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n[and%20Council%20Implementing%20Decision%202022-382_en.pdf](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/Frequently%20asked%20questions%20received%20o)\n\n\n10 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Appeal\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 29**\n\n\nPersons who have been excluded from the benefit of temporary protection or family reunification by a Member\nState shall be entitled to mount a legal challenge in the Member State concerned.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n**It is important that applicants for Temporary Protection have access to an effective remedy**\n**in the event of negative decisions and clarification should be issued on the extent of appeal**\n**rights contained in the TPD. States should institute effective appeal procedures for TP**\n**applicants and provide written reasons for negative decisions.**\n\n\n### Documentation\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 8 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall adopt the necessary measures to provide persons enjoying temporary protection with\nresidence permits for the entire duration of the protection. Documents or other equivalent evidence shall be\nissued for that purpose.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **In light of the recent extension of the TPD, Member States should be encouraged to**\n**immediately renew documentation issued to TP beneficiaries until at least March 2024 in**\n**order to reduce administrative burdens and enhance prospects for refugees\u2019 effective**\n**socio-economic inclusion in host states.**\n\n - **Member States are encouraged to replicate positive practices from other countries to**\n**facilitate swift issuance of documentation and facilitate refugees\u2019 access to rights.**\n\n\n**TYPES OF DOCUMENTS ISSUED**\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries\n\n\n\nIt is currently unclear whether the right of appeal\ncontained at Article 29 of the TPD applies to\nnegative decisions on applications for TP in general,\nor whether it is restricted to decisions taken under\nArticle 28 of the Directive to exclude an individual\nfrom TP due to serious reasons for considering that\nthey have committed a war crime or similarly\nserious acts. Nevertheless, it would be important for\napplicants for TP to have access to an effective\nremedy in the event that their applications are\nrefused.\n\n\n\nAt least six of the 26 countries monitored have not\nset up appeal mechanisms enabling refugees to\nchallenge decisions denying their access to TP. In\nsome countries where appeal mechanisms are in\nplace, refugees faced obstacles to exercising\nappeal rights, mainly due to the lack of written\nrejection letters and a short timeframe set to\ninstitute an appeal. In some countries, the appeal\nalso lacked suspensive effect.\n\n\n\nResidence permit\n\n\n\nTP certificate / card ID card Passport sticker\n\n\n\n**TIME TAKEN TO ISSUE THE DOCUMENT**\n\nHours Days Weeks Months\n\n\n\n\n###### 9\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 1\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 8\n\nIN\n\n\n###### 5\n\nIN\n\n\n\nNo information\n###### 3\n\nIN\n###### 26\n\n\n|Col1|Av|\n|---|---|\n|
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|\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n12 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Freedom of movement\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 21 (2)**\n\n\nFor such time as the temporary protection has not ended, the Member States shall, on the basis of the\ncircumstances prevailing in the country of origin, give favourable consideration to requests for return to\nthe host Member State from persons who have enjoyed temporary protection and exercised their right to a\nvoluntary return.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **UNHCR welcomes guidance from the European Commission to Member States that**\n**Ukrainians do not need to deregister from TP when they voluntarily return to Ukraine. Such**\n**an approach can help avoid administrative hurdles and facilitate access to rights under the**\n**TPD.**\n\n - **UNHCR advises that a TP beneficiary\u2019s status and rights should not be affected by a visit to**\n**Ukraine lasting less than three months. Guidance and coherence amongst EU Member**\n**States on this point is important.**\n\n\n\nThe Council's Implementing Decision 2022/382\ntriggered the application of the TPD for an initial\nperiod of one year, with the duration of the TPD\nrecently extended until March 2024.\n\n\n23 out of the 26 countries surveyed issued\ndocumentation to TP beneficiaries which is valid for\n12 months or until March 2023. One country permits\nthe legal stay of TP beneficiaries until 24 August\n2023, regardless of the date of entry, whilst another\nissues foreigner cards valid for two years to TP\nbeneficiaries. One country provides renewable\nresidency permits valid for 6 months at a time.\nIssuing documents with a longer validity period\ncreates advantages for TP beneficiaries and\nenhances their prospects for socio-economic\ninclusion in host countries. For example, refugees\nreported some private landlords are reluctant to\nrent properties to individuals whose residency\nexpires in March 2023, whilst others highlighted\nthat some employers prefer to hire individuals with\na longer-term residency document. Access to\nfinancial services, particularly (micro-)credit and\nloans, as well possibilities for self-employment are\nalso negatively affected (and associated rights to\nwork).\n\n\nDocuments issued to TP beneficiaries varied\nbetween countries; some 14 countries issued\nresidence permits while the remaining countries\nprovided refugees with other types of\ndocumentation including TP certificates and\npassport stickers.\n\n\n\nThe type of documentation issued to refugees often\nhas implications on the enjoyment of certain rights,\nincluding freedom of movement. ICVA members\nDRC and ENS highlighted instances of good\npractice, where residence permits issued to TP\nbeneficiaries carried, for example, tax and social\nsecurity numbers, thereby facilitating access to\nemployment, health and social protection. However,\nin certain countries the document issued to TP\nbeneficiaries does not confirm their residency status\nin the host state, which can affect a TP beneficiary\u2019s\nability to exercise freedom of movement and to\naccess certain rights enumerated under the\nDirective.\n\n\nDelays in issuing documentation was a commonly\nreported challenge. In some 13 countries, refugees\nwait for periods between several weeks to three\nmonths to receive documentation. Given that\naccess to services often hinges on the possession\nof documentation, such delays impede refugees\u2019\naccess to essential rights and services including\neducation, employment and social protection.\n\n\n\nA number of refugees are engaging in pendular\nmovements between Ukraine and host countries,\nengaging in visits to see family members, retrieve\ndocuments, check on property and the overall\nsituation.\n\n\nIn most of the countries monitored, TP beneficiaries\ncan travel to Ukraine or to a third country without\nlosing their status and the rights flowing from it.\nHowever, in some countries there is no clear\nguidance as to how long refugees are permitted to\nremain outside of the host state without losing their\nlegal status and/or benefits attached to it, whilst\nothers reported that varying periods spent outside\nof the country may lead to revocation of TP status\nand/or the cessation of certain benefits such as\naccess to accommodation and financial assistance.\n\n\n\nEven in countries where travel to Ukraine or a third\ncountry does not trigger the revocation of TP status\nand/or the cessation of certain benefits, refugees\nwithout biometric passports have faced difficulties\nentering other Member States (MS) and re-entering\ncountries where they enjoy TP. Similar challenges\nwere reported by ICVA member DRC who\ncontributed to the research.\n\n\nUNHCR welcomes the European Commission\u2019s\nrecent announcement that Ukrainians who intend to\nvoluntarily return do not need to deregister from TP\nwhen they travel to Ukraine. Persons wishing to\nreturn are requested to notify the national or local\nauthorities in their hosting country that they are\nreturning back to Ukraine, provided that such a\nnotification system is in place, with the effect that\ntheir TP registration is treated as \u2018inactive\u2019 and\n\n\n\n10 European Commission Press Release, \u2018Solidarity with Ukraine: EU takes new steps to provide certainty and access to\nemployment to beneficiaries of Temporary Protection\u2019, 10 October 2022, available at: [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions on going home to](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the Temporary Protection Directive\u2019, available at: https://home-afairs.ec.europa.](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[eu/system/fles/2022-10/Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20on%20going%20home%20to%20Ukraine%20on%20a%20](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n[voluntary%20basis%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20Temporary%20Protection_en_0.pdf.](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5998. See additionally European Commissi)\n\n\n14 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nbenefits flowing from it discontinued for as long as\nthey are outside of the host country.10 Such an\napproach can help avoid administrative hurdles and\nfacilitate access to rights under the TPD\nshouldindividuals need to return to the EU at a later\npoint. The same guidance reiterates that individuals\nwho returned to Ukraine should have no problem to\nre-enter the EU on the basis of their passports,\nresidency permits or on \u2018humanitarian grounds\u2019.\n\n\n\nThis announcement does not provide guidance on the\nduration of a \u2018short visit\u2019 to Ukraine, which should have\nno impact on an individual\u2019s TP status or rights, as\ncompared to a \u2018voluntary return\u2019 under which a\nperson\u2019s TP registration is inactivated and benefits\ndiscontinued. Therefore, there continues to be scope\nfor differing practices in this regard, with MS applying\nvarying benchmarks to determine whether travel to\nUkraine constitutes \u2018voluntary return\u2019 or not.11\n\n\n### Family reunification\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 15**\n\n\nIn cases where the separate family members enjoy temporary protection in different Member States, Member\nStates shall reunite family members where they are satisfied that the family members fall under the description\nof paragraph 1(a), taking into account the wish of the said family members. Member States may reunite family\nmembers where they are satisfied that the family members fall under the description of paragraph 1(b), taking\ninto account on a case by case basis the extreme hardship they would face if the reunification did not take\nplace.11\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Guidance is needed on how family reunification procedures foreseen by the TPD are**\n**expected to operate in practice, and the facilities and systems Member States are required**\n**to put into effect in this regard.**\n\n - **Given the scale of family separation, swift, effective and flexible family reunification**\n**procedures are required, including avenues for reunification with for individuals who may**\n**not fall within the scope of the Temporary Protection Directive.**\n\n\n\n11. European Commission\u2019s \u2018Frequently asked questions on going home to Ukraine on a voluntary basis in the context of the\nTemporary Protection Directive\u2019\n\n\n\nLarge scale family separation is one of the defining\nfeatures of the Ukraine crisis. According to results\nfrom UNHCR\u2019s ongoing protection monitoring\nexercise conducted in seven countries,12 78 percent\nof respondents have been separated from their\nimmediate family members. Family separation in a\nrefugee context often exacerbates several\nprotection risks including gender-based violence,\nhuman trafficking, exploitation, isolation and trauma,\nparticularly for persons with specific needs, such as\nunaccompanied and separated children, older\npersons and persons with disabilities. Rights to\nfamily unity and family life are well established in\ninternational and regional law, whilst family unity\nprovides an essential framework of protection in\ndisplacement.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the large-scale family separation,\nat least 12 of the 26 countries monitored lack a\nsystem to reunite families. In some of these\n\n\n\ncountries, TP beneficiaries are legally entitled to\nfamily reunification, however, there is a lack of an\nequivalent process giving effect to the right. Even in\ncountries which have a process in place enabling\nfamily reunification, refugees report facing various\nobstacles such as lack of information about the\nprocedures involved, inability to cover associated\ncosts and difficulty establishing family relations due\nto lack of documentation.\n\n\nWhilst TP beneficiaries have specific rights to family\nreunification under the Directive, it is currently\nunclear which procedures Member States are\nexpected to put into place to give effect to these\nrights. In addition, there are outstanding questions\nrelating to child TP beneficiaries who wish to reunite\nwith their parents or other relatives, as this does not\nappear to be currently provided for under the\nrelevant sections of the Directive.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Persons with specific needs\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (4)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall provide necessary medical or other assistance to persons enjoying temporary\nprotection who have special needs, such as unaccompanied minors or persons who have undergone torture,\nrape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **The systematic identification of persons with specific needs remains a key gap across many**\n**Member States.**\n\n - **UNHCR recommends that procedures to identify persons at heightened risk are included as**\n**part of registration procedures for temporary protection and other forms of legal stay, as**\n**well as procedures to renew residency and other associated documentation to enhance**\n**opportunities for the identification of these groups.**\n\n\n\n\n- **Identification of individuals at heightened risk must be further matched with upscaling**\n**specialized services with adequate capacity and resources, which are adapted to the needs**\n**and numbers of persons of concern.**\n\n\n\nFor example, some countries only implement\nidentification procedures for unaccompanied minors\nwhile excluding other population groups including\npeople with disabilities and older persons.\nMoreover, in certain countries, institutions tasked\nwith identifying persons with specific needs operate\non an ad hoc basis due to limited capacity or have\ndrastically reduced their presence at reception\nfacilities, limiting their effectiveness.\n\n\nIn several countries monitored, refugees with\nspecific needs reported limited access to dedicated\nservices including healthcare and suitable\naccommodation, which is partially attributed to the\nlack of or incomplete nature of identification\nprocedures.\n\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR protection monitoring, 24% of\nrespondents reported at least one household\nmember with a specific need, including persons\nwith disabilities, serious medical needs, older\npersons and separated or unaccompanied\nchildren.13 Persons with specific needs can face\nspecific barriers that prevent them from fully\nenjoying their rights or accessing the services they\nneed, and can be at heightened risk of\ndiscrimination, abuse, violence and neglect during\ndisplacement and in their country of asylum. It is\ntherefore crucial that they are systematically\nidentified at an early stage and referred to services\nand support in a timely manner to mitigate\nprotection risks they may face.\n\n\nOut of the 26 countries monitored, 17 have formal\nprocedures in place to identify persons with specific\n\n\n\nneeds, albeit with some gaps in implementation as\noutlined below. Nine countries were identified as\nlacking formal procedures to identify persons at\nheightened risk.\n\n\nIn countries without formal procedures to identify\npersons with specific needs, identification largely\ndepends on how \u201cvisible\u201d specific needs are or on\nwhere individuals are accommodated. For instance,\nTP beneficiaries with specific needs residing in\nsmaller shelters managed by non-governmental\norganizations (NGOs) are more likely to be identified\nas compared to those who live in collective centers\nor with host families. The lack of procedures to\nidentify persons with specific needs hinders their\nability to access dedicated services. To illustrate, in\nsome cases, people with physical disabilities have\nreported being referred to accommodation centers\n\n\n\nwhich are ill-equipped to meet their needs.\nFurthermore, the absence of identification\nprocedures prevents data collection on the\nprevalence of persons with specific needs as well\nas their needs, thereby limiting the development of\na tailored response.\n\n\nIn the 17 countries which have procedures in place\nto identify persons with specific needs, the process\ngreatly varies. Some countries have assigned social\nworkers to reception facilities; some have\nintroduced medical screening at reception facilities.\nSome countries also rely on the assistance of NGOs\nand the Red Cross to identify individuals with\nspecific needs. Even in these countries, however,\nthe process generally lacks comprehensiveness.\n\n\n\n13. UNHCR protection monitoring for the Ukraine refugee situation results, May to September 2022. Protection monitoring was\nconducted in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.\n\n\n18 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n**In Focus**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### Education\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 14 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall grant to persons under 18 years of age enjoying temporary protection access to the\neducation system under the same conditions as nationals of the host Member State. The Member States may\nstipulate that such access must be confined to the state education system.\nThe Member States may allow adults enjoying temporary protection access to the general education system.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Supporting schools in host states to increase capacity and provision of language courses**\n**will enhance effective access to education for refugee children from Ukraine as well as**\n**supporting their parents and caretakers to access the labour market.**\n\n - **Engaging with displaced families and communities on options for education including**\n**through integrating refugee community members into national schools as teaching support**\n**assistants, is key to building trust and promoting effective access to education**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO EDUCATION**\n\n\nlack of specific\n\n\n\nlack of space in\n\nlocal school\n\n\n\nlanguage barriers lack of permanent\n\naddress\n\n\n\nlack of information\n\n\n\ndocuments required to\n\nregister with local schools\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**22/26** **17/26** **12/26** **4/26** **4/26**\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n\n20 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n### Labour market\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 12**\n\n\nThe Member States shall authorise, for a period not exceeding that of temporary protection, persons enjoying\ntemporary protection to engage in employed or self-employed activities, subject to rules applicable to the\nprofession, as well as in activities such as educational opportunities for adults, vocational training and practical\nworkplace experience. For reasons of labour market policies, Member States may give priority to\nEU citizens and citizens of States bound by the Agreement on the European Economic Area and also to legally\nresident third country nationals who receive unemployment benefit. The general law in force in the Member\nStates applicable to remuneration, access to social security systems relating to employed or self-employed\nactivities and other conditions of employment shall apply.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Increased provision of childcare (including through increasing the capacity of local schools)**\n**and increased language learning for adults are key to expanding refugees\u2019 effective access**\n**to employment opportunities and supporting their inclusion in host states**\n\n - **Focus needs to be placed on removing administrative, legal or practical barriers to**\n**accessing decent work, including through skills recognition and upskilling, job-matching**\n**and information provision.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO ACCESS LABOUR MARKET**\n\n\n\nThe number of children arriving in EU Member\nStates from Ukraine has been unprecedented and\nhas created significant practical and logistical\nchallenges to rapidly absorb them into national\nschool systems. UNHCR\u2019s research has identified a\nrange of barriers which impede children\u2019s access to\neducation in host countries.\n\n\nIn 22 of the 26 countries monitored, refugees\nreported lack of space in schools as a major\nhindrance to access education at the pre-primary,\nprimary, and secondary levels. The lack of space in\nschools is particularly pronounced in areas hosting\nlarge number of refugees and where most\naccommodation centers are located, such as major\nurban centres. This barrier was confirmed by\nresearch conducted by ICVA members including\nDRC. In several countries, a shortage of teachers is\nalso pointed out as an additional barrier.\n\n\nIn 17 of the 26 countries monitored, language\nbarriers were identified as an obstacle hindering\naccess across all levels of education, with some\nrefugees reporting struggling to understand\npaperwork associated with school registration. This\nwas additionally confirmed by data collected by\nICVA members including WVI. It is positive to note\nthat, to facilitate access to education, many\ncountries have started offering language classes;\nhowever, these classes are currently not at the\nrequired scale to meet the size of the identified\nneeds. Hiring members of the refugee community\nas teaching assistants has been identified as an\nimportant way to both alleviate staffing capacity\nissues in schools as well as addressing language\nbarriers.\n\n\nA lack of stable accommodation also presented a\nchallenge to access to education. TP beneficiaries\nacross 12 countries reported limited access to\neducation due to uncertainties surrounding their\naccommodation arrangements. In particular,\nrefugees housed in emergency reception centers\nhesitated to register their children in school due to\nthe high probability of relocation and subsequent\nneed to enroll their children in an alternative school.\n\n\n\nOther challenges reported included bureaucratic\nrequirements relating to school registration; for\nexample, schools in some countries request medical\nreports, proof of vaccination and authenticated\ntranslation of academic records obtained in Ukraine\nas a precondition to enroll children, which refugees\noften struggle to provide due to various reasons\nincluding inability to cover associated costs. It is\npositive to note that some states have addressed\nthese challenges by implementing flexible\napproaches.\n\n\nTemporary Protection holders have in some cases\nfaced problems enrolling their children in national\neducation systems in host countries if they were not\nprovided with a residency permit or another\ndocument indicating an address linked to their\nplace of residence. The lack of registration of an\naddress, including for some who applied for TP, has\nalso complicated planning of capacity in schools in\nsome EU countries. This is because education\nauthorities are unable to accurately assess how\nmany children of compulsory school age are\npresent in any given school district or education\nadministration entity.\n\n\nWhile the TP Directive guarantees access to\neducation for Ukrainian refugees, it does not oblige\nEU Member States to ensure TP holders enroll\nchildren of compulsory school age in national\nschool systems no more than \u201cthree months from\nthe date on which the application for international\nprotection was lodged by or on behalf of the minor\u201d.\nThis three-month limit on enrolment only applies to\nasylum-seekers (see Article 14 of EU Directive\n2013/33). Member States also do not have the\nobligation to provide preparatory classes, when\nneeded, to TP beneficiaries entering the national\nschool system. Those preparatory classes are only\nmandated for asylum-seekers (ibidem).\n\n\nThis has led some EU countries to postpone\nenrolment of Ukrainian children beyond the threemonth period and to provide exemptions to the\nobligation to organize preparatory classes, creating\na discrepancy in the legal time limit for the\nenrolment of TP holders and asylum-seekers as well\nas the preparatory learning support they receive.\n\n\n\nlack of decent\n\nemployment\n\nopportunities\n\n\n\nlack of child care\n\narrangements\n\n\n\nlanguage barriers lack of information\n\n\n\nlengthy and\n\ncomplicated skills\n\nrecognition procedures\n\n\n###### **22/26 18/26 13/26 12/26 9/26**\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n\n22 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national\nschool systems", - "confidence": 0.5267863273620605, - "start": 302, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6615365743637085, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "host countries", - "confidence": 0.5632930397987366, - "start": 325, - "end": 327 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.977384090423584, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical\nreports", - "confidence": 0.7489684224128723, - "start": 627, - "end": 629 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9655337929725647, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6565541625022888, - "start": 650, - "end": 651 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nEffective access to decent employment\nopportunities is key to promoting refugees\u2019 selfsufficiency and to avoid exacerbating protection\nrisks if refugees are unable to meet their basic\nneeds, including risks of exploitation and abuse.\nUNHCR\u2019s research has identified a range of barriers\nwhich are impacting upon refugees\u2019 right to\nemployment under the Directive.\n\n\nIn 22 of the 26 countries monitored, TP\nbeneficiaries reported lack of childcare services as\na major hindrance to access the labour market.\nSimilar observations were made by ICVA members,\naccording to data collected by DRC and WVI. This is\npartly attributed to lack of spaces in day-care\nfacilities and primary schools. In a context where 87\nper cent of household members are women and\nchildren with a high proportion of single\ncaretakers,15 childcare provision is an urgent and\npressing need to promote socio-economic\ninclusion. In 18 of the 26 countries assessed,\nlanguage barriers are also identified as a challenge\nand are exacerbated by the limited availability of\nlanguage classes targeting adults.\n\n\nAcross 13 countries, refugees have also reported a\nlack of information as a barrier to access the labour\nmarket. Refugees generally lacked information on\ntheir rights under applicable employment law and\nrelated working conditions, and available job\nopportunities. In particular, the lack of information\non working conditions exposes refugees to\nexploitative labour and informal employment\nwithout access to social insurance. In some\ncountries, TP beneficiaries have reported working\n\n\n\nlong hours, earning low wages, and being denied\ncertain employment benefits including health\ninsurance which they were otherwise entitled to\nunder the national law. This is worsened by\nemployers' lack of awareness on the rights of TP\nholders to employment, an obstacle identified in\nseveral countries monitored.\n\n\nIn some 12 countries, refugees reported lengthy and\ncomplicated procedures associated with\nrecognition of qualifications, resulting in\nunderemployment and limited access to decent\nemployment opportunities. Other challenges\naffecting refugees\u2019 access to labour markets include\nscarce employment opportunities, including due to\nskills mismatch, and lack of stable accommodation.\nRefugees reported limited housing facilities near\nareas with greater employment opportunities.\nEmployers were also reported as less inclined to\nhire people without a permanent registered\naddress, which poses a challenge for individuals\nliving in temporary accommodation and other\ntransitional forms of shelter.\n\n\nIn most of the countries monitored, refugees can\naccess the labour market by simply registering for\nTP or once they obtain their TP certificates. In a\nlimited number of countries, however, TP\nbeneficiaries additionally require a residence permit\nand/or a work permit to access employment\nopportunities. In some cases, refugees have\nreported delays in obtaining these documents,\nwhich in turn limited their access to employment\nopportunities\n\n\n### Social protection\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (2)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall make provision for persons enjoying temporary protection to receive necessary\nassistance in terms of social welfare and means of subsistence, if they do not have sufficient resources, as well\nas for medical care. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, the assistance necessary for medical care shall include\nat least emergency care and essential treatment of illness\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Ensure unhindered and effective access to documentation and identity documents, in**\n**particular residence registration at the municipal level.**\n\n - **Review social protection laws and policies to ensure these are inclusive, non-discriminatory,**\n**consistent, clearly formulated and avoid ambiguity. Ensure the establishment of**\n**mechanisms to facilitate enjoyment of rights in practice.**\n\n - **Strengthen evidence on effective inclusion and systematically identify access barriers**\n**through regular monitoring.**\n\n - **Build capacity for inclusion through training of social service providers, expanding cultural**\n**mediation and multi-lingual services, combating xenophobia and discrimination and**\n**providing adequate resources.**\n\n\n**TOP 5 BARRIERS TO ACCESS SOCIAL PROTECTION**\n\n\n\ndifferent level of access lack of permanent\n\nexceeds social\n\nlack of information language barriers to social protection to address\nprotection support\n\n\n\nnationals\n\n\n\ncost of living\n\n\n\nexceeds social\n\n\n\ndifferent level of access\n\n\n\nto social protection to\n\n\n\naddress\n\n\n\ncountries countries countries countries countries\n\n\n15. UNHCR, \u2018Lives on Hold: Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine\u2019, September 2022, available at: [https://data.unhcr.org/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n[en/documents/details/95767](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767)\n\n\n24 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nLack of information is reported as a major obstacle\nto accessing social protection, with similar\nobservations made by ICVA members who\ncontributed to the research (WVI, DRC, Helsinki\nFoundation). TP beneficiaries in 15 countries\nreported lacking access to information on their\nentitlements to social protection schemes and how,\nwhere and when to access them. In some countries,\nrelevant entities are also not aware of the rights of\nTP beneficiaries to social protection services,\nresulting in delays and denial of access. Refugees\nacross 12 countries have also reported language\nbarriers as impediments to access social protection\nservices. Service providers generally lacked\ninterpretation services, whilst in some cases the\nrelevant forms are only available in local languages.\n\n\nRefugees also reported that the cost of living\nsubstantially exceeds the social assistance\nprovided. In some countries, refugees only receive\na one-time cash grant, which is inadequate to cover\nliving costs in major cities and towns where many\nare concentrated. Several refugees reported that\nsome individuals have made premature decisions to\nreturn to Ukraine due to their inability to cover their\nbasic needs in host countries.\n\n\nRefugees reported a lack of stable housing as an\nobstacle hindering access to social protection\nservices. Some were unable to register for social\nbenefits due to lack of a permanent registered\naddress, disproportionately impacting those\nresiding in transitional shelters and other forms of\ntemporary accommodation. Some also reported\ndelays in receiving payments due to a change of\naddress.\n\n\n\nIn 15 of the 26 countries monitored, TP beneficiaries\nhave access to social protection on an equal\nstanding with nationals. In the remaining 11\ncountries, refugees do not enjoy similar access as\nnationals, partly due to a lack of permanent\nresidence which is a pre-condition to access certain\nforms of social protection schemes in some\ncountries. The rights of TP beneficiaries to social\nprotection also differs from those of recognized\nrefugees in a number of MS, enabling access to a\nlimited number of schemes only, which may\nparticularly impact those with specific needs, such\nas older persons, persons with disabilities and those\nwith chronic illnesses. In addition, some legal\nbarriers remain for both recognized refugees and\nTP beneficiaries alike, including minimum length-of\nresidence requirements to access certain schemes\n(e.g. social housing or basic income);\ninconsistencies between laws both at the national\nand the local level with differing conditions, with\naccess in some contexts requiring naturalization.\n\n\nThe documentary requirements to access social\nprotection schemes differ by country. In some\ncountries, simply registering for TP or obtaining the\nrelevant certificate is sufficient. In other countries,\nrefugees are required to have a residence permit\nand/or documents proving that they are in need of\nsocial protection.\n\n\nIn light of these findings, recommendations made in\nUNHCR\u2019s Social Protection Policy brief16 published\nin September 2021 still apply and may support a\nmulti-stakeholder approach for facilitating effective\naccess for both refugees from Ukraine and refugees\nfrom other areas of the world.\n\n\n### Healthcare\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (2)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall make provision for persons enjoying temporary protection to receive necessary\nassistance in terms of social welfare and means of subsistence, if they do not have sufficient resources, as well\nas for medical care. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, the assistance necessary for medical care shall include\nat least emergency care and essential treatment of illness\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **Integration of healthcare professionals from refugee communities into national healthcare**\n**systems benefits both host and refugee communities, through enhancing health system**\n**capacities, addressing language barriers, facilitating information exchange and building**\n**trust.**\n\n - **Host states are encouraged to integrate health professionals from Ukraine into national**\n**health systems and work towards their accreditation.**\n\n\n**TOP 4 BARRIERS TO ACCESS HEALTHCARE**\n\n\n\nlack of capacity of the access limited to\n\nlanguage barriers lack of information\nhealthcare system emergency care only\n\n\n\nlack of capacity of the\n\n\n\nemergency care only\n\n\n#### **11/26 9/26 5/26 4/26**\n\ncountries countries countries countries\n\n\n16. [https://www.unhcr.org/partners/ngodirectory/61558a764/unhcr-social-protection-policy-brief.html](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/ngodirectory/61558a764/unhcr-social-protection-policy-brief.html)\n\n\n26 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 27\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\nLanguage barrier is one of the most reported\nimpediments for access to healthcare, with similar\nobservations made by ICVA members including\nDRC. In many countries, TP beneficiaries reported a\nlack of interpretation services at health facilities,\nwith patients often expected to bring their own\ninterpreters. It is positive to note that initiatives to\nprovide translation services for refugees seeking\nhealthcare have been introduced in some countries,\nalthough such initiatives require upscale and\nexpansion. Lack of information or knowledge on\nhow to access health services is also mentioned as\nan obstacle hindering access to healthcare. In this\nregard, TP beneficiaries particularly reported\nlacking information on how to access medical\nservices and where and how to submit\nreimbursement claims.\n\n\nThe limited capacity of health facilities is also\nfrequently reported, a challenge that predates the\nUkraine crisis in many of the countries monitored.\nFurthermore, in certain countries, TP beneficiaries\nare only entitled to emergency care, depriving them\nof access to preventive and tertiary healthcare\nservices. The limitation of access to emergency\ncare is particularly challenging for people with\npre-existing medical conditions, with some\nreportedly forced to return to Ukraine to access\naffordable care for their conditions.\n\n\n\nTP beneficiaries with pre-existing medical\nconditions faced increased challenges to access\nhealthcare services. The limited capacity of\nhealthcare systems in some countries often means\nthat there are long waiting times to access medical\ncare. Even in countries where there is greater\naccess to general healthcare, there is limited access\nto specialized medical services. Refugees also\nreported the lack of documentation proving\nprevious diagnosis as additional obstacle for\nindividuals with pre-existing medical conditions.\n\n\nUNHCR monitoring has identified that, amongst the\n63% of survey respondents who were engaged in\neconomic activity prior to leaving Ukraine, 7% were\nworking in health or social services.17 The presence\nof large numbers of qualified professionals amongst\nthe refugee community is an asset to host states.\nTheir engagement in the national health sector can\nbring several benefits to hosting communities,\nbeyond facilitating access to healthcare for\nrefugees, including enhancing health system\ncapacity, easing language barriers and facilitating\ninformation exchange with the refugee community\non access to health services as well as building trust\nbetween host and refugee communities. Healthcare\nworkers who are able to continue practicing their\nprofessional skills in displacement will additionally\nbe a larger asset to recovery efforts in Ukraine once\nconditions for return exist.\n\n\n### Accommodation\n\n**Temporary Protection Directive: Article 13 (1)**\n\n\nThe Member States shall ensure that persons enjoying temporary protection have access to suitable\naccommodation or, if necessary, receive the means to obtain housing.\n\n\nKey findings and recommendations:\n\n\n - **A lack of sustainable, longer-term housing has had a multifaceted impact on refugees\u2019**\n**ability to exercise their other rights including education, employment, and social protection.**\n\n - **Persons with specific needs, including older persons, people with disabilities and people**\n**with pre-existing medical conditions, require accessible and adapted accommodation**\n**located in areas with access to essential services including health care.**\n\n\n\nAll the 26 countries monitored have a scheme in\nplace to provide TP beneficiaries with\naccommodation or subsidies to that end. The type\nof accommodation assistance provided significantly\ndiffers by country. Some countries provide state-run\naccommodation centres, whilst some also provide\nrental subsidies to refugees opting to live in private\nhousing. Several countries also offer grants to\nindividuals hosting TP beneficiaries.\n\n\nIt is worth noting, however, the accommodation\nassistance schemes which are in place are\npredominantly for the short-term. UNHCR\u2019s\nintentions surveys found that 27% of respondents\nwould need to find another form of accommodation\nwithin the next 6 months.8 Around a quarter of\nrefugees were also unsure of how long they would\nbe able to stay in their current accommodation.\nRespondents who could only stay for three months\nor less in their current accommodation most\nfrequently indicated that the free accommodation\n\n\n18. Ibid\n\n\n\nprogramme they were benefiting from would end\nsoon, that the rental / lease period is running out, or\nthat they have been requested to leave.\n\n\nMeanwhile, finding alternative accommodation\nremains a challenge, mostly due to a shortage of\naffordable accommodation, common in urban areas\nwhere many refugees reside. Refugees also face\ndifficulty accessing housing markets, including due\nto lack of documentation and the temporary nature\nof their stay as landlords often prefer long-term\ntenants. A lack of sustainable, longer-term housing\nis having a multifaceted impact on refugees\u2019 ability\nto exercise their other rights including education,\nemployment, and social protection. The need to\ntransition towards longer-term and more durable\naccommodation remains a critical need. In addition,\npersons with specific needs reported several\nchallenges in securing accessible and adapted\naccommodation located in areas with access to\nessential services including health care.\n\n\n\n17. UNHCR, \u2018Lives on Hold: Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine\u2019, July 2022, available at: [https://data.unhcr.org/en/](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176)\n[documents/details/94176](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176)\n\n\n\n28 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2 29\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7330085039138794, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7560380697250366, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8620138168334961, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9884672164916992, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentions surveys", - "confidence": 0.9050114154815674, - "start": 677, - "end": 679 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9730110764503479, - "start": 674, - "end": 675 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9511832594871521, - "start": 634, - "end": 635 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Lives on Hold", - "confidence": 0.8801572322845459, - "start": 907, - "end": 910 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Profiles and Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5171346664428711, - "start": 911, - "end": 918 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.953926146030426, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9841150045394897, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9832308292388916, - "start": 921, - "end": 922 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8731541633605957, - "start": 915, - "end": 916 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n### Emerging practices: addressing barriers to rights\n\n\n\nTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE: SIX MONTHS ON\n\n\n\n\n\nThis non-exhaustive compilation of emerging practices draws from examples of how\npractical, administrative and legal barriers to the enjoyment of rights contained under\nTemporary Protection Directive have been addressed in several countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRegistrion Documentation Freedom of movement Education Labour market Social Protection Healthcare\n\n\nDisclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n*Serbia and Kosovo (S/RES/1244 [1999])\n\n\n\n30 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 2\n\n\n\nU N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, O C T O B E R 2 0 2 1 31\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE**\n**TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE:**\n**SIX MONTHS ON**\n\nOctober 2022\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/europe\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4663cae0-8088-49ea-9da0-1cfbbdbd5de9/THE%20IMPLEMENTATION%20OF%20THE%20TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20DIRECTIVE%20-%20SIX%20MONTHS%20ON.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_662/raw/doc_662_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_662/raw/doc_662_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e09e8445d9f309887bfde76f434bdad9017fcf5a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_662/raw/doc_662_direct_judged.jsonl +++ 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\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629** **\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629** **\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627**\n\n#### **\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0649\u0633\u0648\u0645**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n**\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627**\n\n\n\n20 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0666\u0661\u00a9\n\n\n\n107442 .\u0635. \u0628\n\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\n\n\n\nwww.tabahfoundation.org\n\n\n\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0627\u0644\n\n\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a.\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\n\nUNHCR/Jared J.Kohler \u00a9 : \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0641\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a** **\u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627**\n\n\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:\n. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 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(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\n\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631.\n\n\n**3\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5353330373764038, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646", - "confidence": 0.8568241000175476, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0652 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0651\n\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 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Worldwide\n(\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u060c\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 .2\nThe Chronicle of Philanthropy\n. \u0627\u0637 \u0644\u06392008/3/24 \u060c) (\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0631\u064a\u064a )\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\n.201/1/619 \u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0627\n\nhttps://philanthropy.com/article/New-Group-Meets-to-Promote/163185\n\n\n**\u0647\u0639\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0629\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062c\u0628 \u0629\u0651\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642** **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629", - "confidence": 0.724545955657959, - "start": 381, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646", - "confidence": 0.623835563659668, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629:\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u063a\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 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\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0651 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 .5\n.4 \u060c)2012 \u060c\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629\nhttp://www.unhcrfatwa.com\n. \u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 6.\n.83-82 \u060c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 .7\n\n**\u0647\u0639\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0629\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062c\u0628 \u0629\u0651\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u06426**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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(\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627).\n\n\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\n\n\nThe Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims\n(\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u06462015/2014 \u060c \u060c\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0644\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0631 .8\n) (\u0639\u0645\u0651 \u0646\u060c \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a2015/2014 \u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644500 : \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631500\u0627\u0644\u0640\n6.9-68 \u060c)2015 \u060c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\n\n**7** **\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645", - "confidence": 0.889016330242157, - "start": 313, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0649\u0644 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628:\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f\n\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627.\u0647\u0630\u0647\n\n\n(\u0623) \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629:\n\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647\n\n\n**\u0647\u0639\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0629\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062c\u0628 \u0629\u0651\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642** **01**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.547183632850647, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5938798785209656, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u060c ((1((\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 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**\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0629", - "confidence": 0.599567711353302, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 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"reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0637\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629", - "confidence": 0.5667089223861694, - "start": 177, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.9025302529335022, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0644.\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 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\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\n\n\n**15\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626", - "confidence": 0.8922498226165771, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629", - 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\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0627 \u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\n\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629. \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\n\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u062a\u0641 \u0647\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b \u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064f\n\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a.\n\n\n**\u0647\u0639\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0629\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062c\u0628 \u0629\u0651\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642** **16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a", - "confidence": 0.58076012134552, - "start": 34, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642** **\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a**\n##### **(\u0623) \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629**\n\n\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0637 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0639\n\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a.\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0635\u062d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0636\u064b \u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629\n\u0635\u062d\u062a.\n\n. [(((] \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0648\n##### **(\u0628) \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629**\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b \u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627. 1.\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0621 \u0644\u0647. .2\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0628 .3\n\n.\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646\u0647 .4\n\n. \u0651\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062c .5\n\n\n\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0651 \u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0634\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062a. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627 1.\n6.58 \u060c)1990/14(\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c 11\n\n**71** **\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629", - "confidence": 0.8761175274848938, - "start": 25, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": ".\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644 6.\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647. .7\n\n.\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0649\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0649\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\n\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.\n\n\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\n\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642.\n\n\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0644\u0646 \u0638\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0647 \u0625\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647.\n\n\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0647.\n\n\u0648\u0646\u064f\u062f\u0628 \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.\n\n\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0630\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0644\n\u062d\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647.\n\n\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0645\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0628\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062f\u0651\n.(((\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645\n\n\n.662-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c 166 .2\n\n**\u0647\u0639\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0629\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062c\u0628 \u0629\u0651\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642** **18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629\n\n\n**19\u0629\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0629\u0633\u0633\u0624\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645/\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0623 \u0667\u0661\u0660\u0662**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/caf15e37-b4c8-333b-8778-ef54c8b7b3a7/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-Arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_665/raw/doc_665_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_665/raw/doc_665_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e3501e2dfc78231f76fbe5130fca4ec7b37d317d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_665/raw/doc_665_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,290 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Tabah Report | no. 1 | May 2017\n\n## UNHCR zakat collection and distribution _\ufeff_\n### Musa Furber\n\n\n##### _Contents_ Subject Executive Summary I. Background II. Fatwas III. Recommendations IV. Conclusion Appendix. Excerpts\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017\n\n\nUNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n\u00a9 Tabah Foundation, 2017\nP.O. Box 107442\nAbu Dhabi, U.A.E.\nwww.tabahfoundation.org\n\n\nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any manner without the express\nwritten consent of the Tabah Foundation, except in the case of brief quotations with full and accurate citations\nin critical articles or reviews.\n\n_Cover Image_ \u00a9 UNHCR/Jared J.Kohler\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## UNHCR zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n**Subject.** The distribution of Muslim alms through UNHCR.\n\n\n**Executive Summary.** Muslims make up the majority of today\u2019s 15.1 million refugees. UNHCR\nhas consulted with Tabah Foundation concerning using zakat as a source of aid. Several\nspecialists in Islamic law confirmed that zakat is a viable source provided that it meets certain\nconditions.\n\n\nUNHCR is the official international body for looking after the world\u2019s 15.1 million refugees.\nThere is a chronic need for additional funding. Since Muslims are a significant portion of the\nworld\u2019s refugees, it makes sense to look to the Muslim community as a potential source of\nfunding. In 2008, it was estimated that Muslims donate between $20 billion and $200 billion\nannually, including voluntary sadaqat and obligatory zakat. In contrast to voluntary sadaqat,\nthere are several conditions related to collecting and distributing obligatory zakat. UNHCR\nsought advice through Tabah Foundation of Abu Dhabi, UAE.\n\n\nAfter consulting with several of today\u2019s leading Islamic legal scholars and institutes, Tabah\nconcluded that UNHCR can collect and distribute zakat provided that they fulfill the basic\nrequirements of one of the legal schools. Tabah recommends the Hanafi school as its conditions\nwill be easiest to meet in the given context.\n\n\nUNHCR must be aware of two primary conditions. The first is that zakat can only be given\nto the categories mentioned in Quran 9:60 \u2013 in particular: Muslims who are poor and needy,\nin debt, or whose journeys have been interrupted by lack of funds. The second is that zakat\nfunds cannot be used to cover expenses or wages.\n\n\nAlthough zakat is effectively limited to Muslims, its availability contributes to the total amount\nof aid available, so everyone still benefits. When there are $50 of non-zakat funds to distribute\nto 25 Muslims and 25 non-Muslims, everyone receives $1. When there are also $50 of zakat,\nevery individual receives $2.\n\n\nUNHCR needs to gain the trust of the Muslim Community. Towards this end, Tabah recommends that UNHCR documents its zakat collection and distribution process, and solicit\nendorsements from recognized Islamic scholars and institutes. It also recommends that\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR periodically reports on the amount of funds received and distributed, and show\nthe impact of those funds. Once these are in place, Tabah also recommends that UNHCR\nexpands the zakat program to cover other Islamic financial instruments.\n\n#### I. Background\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s mid-year trends for 2015, approximately 15.1 million individuals meet\ntheir criteria for being counted as refugees. Ten countries account for 76% of those refugees:\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (4.2 million), Afghanistan (2.6 million), Somalia (1.1 million), South\nSudan (744,100), Sudan (640,900), Democratic Republic of the Congo (535,300), Central\nAfrican Republic (470,600), Myanmar (458,400), Eritrea (383,900), and Iraq (377,700).1 Many\nof these nations have Muslim-majority populations, and Muslims are a significant segment\nof refugee populations.\n\n\nRelief agencies are in chronic need of additional funding sources to meet refugee needs.\nSince Muslims are a significant portion of the world\u2019s refugees, it makes sense to look to the\nMuslim community as a potential source of funding. In 2008, it was estimated that Muslims\ndonate between $20 billion and $200 billion annually.2 This estimate includes voluntary\ncharity (\u201csadaqah\u201d) and obligatory alms (\u201czakat\u201d).\n\n\n**Voluntary Charity (sadaqah).** Muslims are encouraged to give voluntary charity. This type\nof charity is often referred to by the Arabic word \u201c _\u1e63adaqah_ .\u201d The main restriction placed on\nthis type of charity is that it cannot be intended to facilitate anything that Islamic law deems\nunlawful. Voluntary charity can be given to non-Muslims and individuals who are affluent.\n\n\n**Obligatory Alms (zakat).** Muslims are required to pay an obligatory alms tax known by\nits Arabic name \u201c _zak\u0101t_ .\u201d Zakat is taken from specific sources of wealth and given to specific\ncategories of recipients. Evidence for this obligation is found in the Quran, including verses\n\u201c\u2026And perform the prayer and give zakat\u2026\u201d (Quran 2:43, 2:100); and \u201cTake, [O, Muhammad],\nfrom their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase\u201d (Quran\n9:103). Additional evidence is found in Prophetic narrations, such as when the Prophet \ufdfa\ncommanded Mu\u02bf\u0101dh bin Jabal his delegate to govern Yemen: \u201cInform them that Allah has\nmade a charity obligatory upon them, that is collected from their rich and given back to\ntheir poor.\u201d3 Another Prophetic narration mentions that zakat is the fourth of Islam\u2019s five\npillars: \u201cIslam is built upon five pillars: testifying that there is no deity except for Allah and\nthat Mu\u1e25ammad is the Messenger of Allah,\ufdfa establishing prayer, offering zakat, performing\nthe Hajj Pilgrimage, and fasting Ramadan.\u201d4\n\n\n1. UNHCR, \u201c _Mid-Year Trends 2015_ \u201d (Geneva, UNHCR: 2015), pp4\u20136. Accessed January 19, 2016.\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/56701b969.html\n2. Ian Wilhelm, \u201cNew Group Meets to Promote Muslim Charity Worldwide,\u201d _The Chronicle of Philanthropy,_\nMarch 24, 2008. Accessed January 19, 2016.\nhttps://philanthropy.com/article/New-Group-Meets-to-Promote/163185\n3. Mu\u1e25ammad bin Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b, _Al-J\u0101mi\u02bf al-\u1e63a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-mukhta\u1e63ar min um\u016br ras\u016bl iLl\u0101h_ \ufdfa _wa sunanihi_\n_wa ayy\u0101mih_ i ( _\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b_ ) (\u201cBukh\u0101r\u012b\u201d), ed. Mu\u1e25ammad Zuhayr bin N\u0101sir al-N\u0101\u1e63ir (D\u0101r Tawq alNaj\u0101h, 1422), 1331; Muslim bin al-\u1e24ajj\u0101j, _Al-Musnad al-\u1e63a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-mukhta\u1e63ar bi-naql al-\u02bfadl \u02bfan al-\u02bfadl il\u0101_\n_ras\u016bl All\u0101h_ \u201c( \ufdfa Muslim\u201d), ed. Mu\u1e25ammad Fu\u02be\u0101d Abd al-B\u0101q\u012b (Beirut: D\u0101r I\u1e25y\u0101\u02be al-Tur\u0101th, n.d.), 19.\n4. Bukh\u0101r\u012b, 8; Muslim, 16.\n\n##### 2 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "voluntary\ncharity", - "confidence": 0.5052505135536194, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9629063606262207, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Muslims", - "confidence": 0.7423094511032104, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The specific sources of wealth include livestock, savings, trade goods, crops, and minerals.\nThe categories of eligible recipients for zakat are mentioned in the Quran: \u201cAlms are only for\nthe poor and the needy, and those who collect them [zakat], those whose hearts are to be\nreconciled, captives, debtors, in the cause of Allah, and wayfarers...\u201d (Quran 9:60). Refugees\ncan fall within the categories of poor and needy. Refugees who have incurred loans can also\nfall within the category of debtors.\n\n\nA person who must pay zakat can either identify its recipients and then distribute it to them\npersonally, or appoint an agent to distribute it on his behalf. It is also possible to give the\nzakat to the local Muslim authority for them to then distribute to eligible recipients.\n\nA comprehensive discussion on the specific sources of wealth and their conditions, and the\nvarious categories of eligible recipients are detailed and not necessarily germane to this brief.\nReaders interested in details should consult a scholar of Islamic law.\n\n\n**The Need for a Legal Clarification.** While Islamic law places few restrictions on voluntary\ncharity (sadaqah), there are more restrictions on zakat. Thus, UNHCR wanted to ensure that\nthey could collect and distribute zakat in a manner harmonious with Islamic law.\n\n#### II. Fatwas\n\n\nMuslims are required to know the ethico-legal ruling of an act before engaging in it. Muslims\noften know rulings for the most common, basic situations they encounter in their daily lives.\nFor uncommon deeds, mistakes, and more complex intra-personal situations, they often\nconsult legal experts (muftis) for legal and ethical advice (fatwas). Although these legal\nexperts can operate independently, many countries with large Muslim populations have\nformal institutions and individuals responsible for assisting the religious community through\nthe provision of legal guidance or fatwa. A fatwa is a non-binding legal opinion offered by an\nindividual (known as a mufti) who has been trained to apply Islamic law to individual cases\nand then authorized by other muftis to do so. A prior study by Tabah Foundation found that\nthe most significant factor in having confidence in legal rulings is that the ruling comes from\na known, reputable mufti or fatwa institute. Although textual evidence and reasoning, and\nciting legal texts also engender high degrees of confidence, they all trace the ruling coming\nfrom known, reputable source for legal rulings.5\n\n\nGiven the sensitivity of the matter and the need for confident answers, the Tabah Foundation\u2019s\nchairman Habib Ali al-Jifri sent queries to several of the leading muftis and fatwa centers.\nHis query included the following questions: Is it legally permissible to give zakat to UNHCR\nfor delivery to victims, refugees and displaced individuals in the region, such as in Syria,\nIraq, and Yemen? Under what conditions is it permissible, and what is its lawful procedure?\n\n\nSheikh Abdullah Bin Bayyah, Sheikh Ali Gomaa, the Fatwa Council of Tareem, and the\nGeneral Secretariat of the Senior Scholars\u2019 Council of Morocco, and Dar al-Ifta al-Missriyyah\n\n\n5. Musa Furber, \u201cElements of a Fatwa & Their Contribution to Confidence in Its Validity,\u201d _Tabah Analytical_\n_Brief_ no. 14 (Abu Dhabi: Tabah Foundation, 2012), 4.\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tabah Report", - "confidence": 0.9672923684120178, - "start": 623, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5440787076950073, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8901506662368774, - "start": 631, - "end": 632 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "responded to his query.6\n\n\n**Sheikh Abdullah bin Bayyah** is an instructor at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. He\nwas the deputy head of the Union of Muslim Scholars. Before this, he served as a judge at\nthe High Court of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and was the Head of Shariah Affairs\nat its Ministry of Justice. He currently serves as the president of the Forum for Promoting\nPeace in Muslim Societies.7\n\n\nIn his fatwa, Sheikh Abdullah bin Bayyah states that UNHCR would be considered the agent\nof the individual owing zakat, and that there is no problem so long as the principal believes\nthat the agent will deliver the zakat to deserving recipients.\n\n\n**Dr Sheikh Ali Gomaa** is the former Grand Mufti of the Arab Republic of Egypt and professor\nof Islamic jurisprudence at Al-Azhar University. He is currently a member of Al-Azhar\u2019s\nsenior scholars council.8\n\n\nIn his fatwa, Sheikh Ali states it is permissible according to Islamic law for non-Muslims to\ndistribute zakat to its eligible recipients. They are not themselves considered as eligible to\nreceive zakat under the category of zakat workers that is mentioned in Quran 9:60, so their\nwages and other operational costs must come from outside the zakat funds.\n\n\n**The Fatwa Council of Tareem** is located in Hadramaut, Yemen. Hadramaut has been a major\ncenter for scholarship for over a millennium and has produced many of the world\u2019s leading\nSh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b scholars.\n\n\nThe Council\u2019s fatwa begins by asserting that zakat must be given to the categories mentioned in\nQuran 9:60, and that only Muslims are eligible recipients of zakat. The fatwa then clarifies that\nzakat is distributed by the regional Muslim authorities or their representative, the individual\nresponsible for the property subject to zakat, or that individual\u2019s agent. An organization that\ndistributes zakat it is considered a type of agency and is subject to conditions that apply to\nagents. A principal who has a non-Muslim agent must identify the recipient for the zakat,\nmake an intention that it be given to that recipient, and know that the intended recipient\nwas eligible when taking possession of the zakat. These conditions are not required when\nusing a Muslim agent. Therefore, the Council recommends that UNHCR appoint Muslims\nfor receiving and distributing zakat. These additional conditions are not required for other\nstages of the operation.\n\n\nThe fatwa then states that UNHCR cannot use any of the zakat funds to cover its operating\nexpenses or wages, as the category of zakat collectors is limited to workers who have been\nappointed by Muslim authorities. Even then, it is only for appointed collectors and distributors\nwho are Muslim, morally upright, and knowledgeable in zakat laws. Thus, neither the agency\n\n\n6. Please see http://www.unhcrzakatfatwa.com for the full text of their responses.\n7. Ibid., 82\u201383.\n8. Abdallah Schleifer, ed., _The Muslim 500: The World\u2019s 500 Most Influential Muslims,_ 2014/15 (Amann,\nJordan: Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2015), 68\u201369.\n\n##### 4 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nor its zakat collectors are entitled to take a portion of their intake. Instead, operating expenses\nand wages must be covered by other sources of funding or by volunteering.\n\n\nThe fatwa closes with pointing out that there is a variance amongst scholars whether zakat\nfunds must be distributed locally or can be sent to other regions. (We will return to this\npoint later.)\n\n\n**The Senior Scholars\u2019 Council of Morocco** is the highest official religious authority in\nMorocco, which includes a fatwa council. Their fatwa mentions the basic obligations related\nto giving zakat to particular individuals similar to what was mentioned in the other fatwas.\nIt mentions that the default is that the person owing zakat distribute it personally and that\nit be distributed to eligible recipients in its locality. It then mentions that it is permissible to\ndistribute it through an intermediary, and that it is permitted to send the zakat to another\nlocale \u2013 especially when that other locale has greater need. Their conclusion was that the\nrefugees mentioned in the original inquiry are eligible for zakat, and that it is permissible to\ndistribute one\u2019s zakat to them through UNHCR.\n\n\n**Dar al-Ifta al-Missriyyah** is one of Egypt\u2019s centers for Islamic legal research. It was established\nin 1895 CE and is considered one of the earliest modern fatwa producing institutes. Dar alIfta\u2019s fatwa begins by covering several preparatory issues \u2013 giving definitions, arguments for\nvarious opinions, and their preferences \u2013 and closes with their answer to Habib Ali al-Jifri\u2019s\nspecific question. During the preparatory points, Dar al-Ifta affirms their preferences that it\nis permissible to transport zakat to another land and to give zakat to a single individual. They\nobserve that Islamic law sometimes makes distinctions between natural persons and legal\npersons. They argue that UNHCR is a legal person and that the opinions that place additional\nrestrictions on distributing zakat through non-Muslims apply to natural persons \u2013 not legal\npersons. Dar al-Ifta considers it permissible to give zakat to refugees provided that they fall\nwithin one of the eight categories. Concerning the specific question: Dar al-Ifta concludes\nthat it is permissible for an individual to appoint UNHCR as his agent for distributing and\ndelivering zakat to refugees and displaced peoples \u2013 provided that the recipients fulfill the\nnecessary conditions (i.e., that they are Muslims who are poor, needy or one of the other\ncategories of individuals that Islamic Law considers legal recipients of zakat). UNHCR\ncannot take any portion of the zakat in exchange for the services they provide. Additionally,\nsafeguards must be put in place to ensure that UNHCR complies with all of the above. Each\npage of the fatwa is stamped and signed by Majd\u012b Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bf\u0100sh\u016br and A\u1e25mad Mumd\u016b\u1e25;\nthe final page of the fatwa is signed by Grand Mufti Shawki Ibrahim Allam.\n\n\n**Summary of the Fatwas.** These fatwas mention three essential points:\n\n\n1. UNHCR can collect and redistribute zakat on behalf of Muslims.\n\n2. Zakat funds must be given to the categories mentioned in Quran 9:60.\n\n3. Zakat funds must not be used to cover expenses or wages.\n\n\nSo in answer to Habib Ali\u2019s original query: It is permissible to give zakat to UNHCR for\ndistribution to victims, refugees and displaced individuals in the region, such as in Syria,\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Iraq, and Yemen. In such a case, UNHCR is considered an agent. The entirety of the collected\nzakat must be distributed to eligible recipients mentioned in Quran 9:60. None of it can be\nused to cover operations or wages; those must be covered by other sources.\n#### III. Recommendations\n\n\nThe following observations and recommendations are offered in hopes of advancing the\ndevelopment of a practical solution.\n\n\n**Obligatory Alms as a Supplementary Aid Source Can Benefit All.** Sadaqah (voluntary\ncharity) and zakat (obligatory alms) are both potential sources of aid for UNHCR. Zakat\nshould be seen as a supplementary source of funding and not a sole or primary source.\n\n\nVoluntary charity can directly benefit Muslims and non-Muslims alike as it can be given to\nanyone so long as it is not with the intention of facilitating a violation of Islamic law. This is\nin contrast to zakat which can only be given to particular categories of Muslims. Although\nMuslims are the sole potential recipients of zakat, non-Muslims still benefit indirectly so long\nas there are other sources of funding since funds earmarked for one group of people reduces\nthe load on other sources. For example, suppose that there are 20 needy non-Muslims and\n20 needy Muslims. When 40 shares of aid from general funds are distributed equally, each\nreceives 1 share. When we also have 40 shares from zakat funds, each receives 2 shares (40\nshares from general funds to the 20 non-Muslims, 40 shares from zakat funds to the Muslims).\n\n\n**Trust and Transparency.** UNHCR\u2019s success in collecting zakat will depend on their ability\nto earn the Muslim community\u2019s trust. They can do this by proving that their collection and\ndistribution of obligatory alms discharges an individual\u2019s religious obligation. Publishing\nproof that all obligatory alms are distributed to eligible Muslims without any loss should be\nconsidered essential in earning this trust. It is essential that UNHCR can prove that operating\nexpenses and wages associated with obligatory alms came from other sources, such as voluntary\ncharity ( _\u1e63adaqah_ ), an endowment ( _waqf_ ), or one of its other funding sources.\n\n\n**Scope of Zakat-Related Legal Issues.** Laws related to zakat cover a wide range of topics. Some\nof these topics are related to determining zakat obligations; how zakat is collected; and how\nit is distributed. It is recommended that UNHCR concentrate on collection and distribution\nand delegate the creation of zakat-related materials to experts in Islamic law.\n\n\n**Accounts.** Zakat funds should be placed in their own account in an Islamic bank or an\ninterest-free account. If this is not possible, care must be taken to ensure that no interest is\ndistributed as zakat. Rather, any accrued interest should be spent on general infrastructure\nand operational costs that are not related directly to Muslims.\n\n\n**Service Charges and Currency Fluctuations.** Online transactions, transfers, and currency\nconversions often incur service charges of one form or another. These service charges must\nnot be taken from the zakat since zakat cannot be used to cover operational expenses, and in\norder to ensure that a zakat donor has discharged his obligation. There may be an argument\nto be made that currency transfer and conversion charges are intrinsic parts of international\n\n##### 6 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "donations and are thus either insignificant or excused. However, this argument would be\ndifficult to make for the losses incurred through additional transfers and conversions. Additionally, currency fluctuations may also lead to differences between collected and distributed\nfunds. These differences can be covered through other funds.\n\n\n**Sadaqah.** Zakat and sadaqah donations must be recorded separately since sadaqah distribution\nrequirements differ.\n\n\n**Potential Difficulties and Obstacles.** Although it would be best to avoid delving into scholarly\nvariances, I feel that it is unavoidable here since some of those variances will present difficulties\nand problems for international zakat collection and distribution. The fatwas presented above\naddress a questions related to the potential for UNHCR collecting and distributing zakat, there\nare many other details that must be known and addressed in order to implement a lawful\nprocedure. The muftis were asked about lawful procedures, but there is only so much they\ncan answer without knowing specific details of UNHCR\u2019s operations. The fatwas mentioned\nsome of the more important variances, but there is still a need to mention others.\n\n\n**(a) Transporting Zakat.** The Fatwa Council of Tareem brought up one of these variances\nwhen it mentioned the issue of whether zakat funds must be distributed locally or can be sent\nto other regions. The Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b school restricts individuals from transporting zakat to another\nlocale,9 as does the \u1e24anbal\u012b school.10 The more evident opinion within the Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b school of\nlaw is that it is impermissible for individuals to transport obligatory alms outside the region\nwhere the wealth is located so long as there are eligible recipients in its locale. However, many\nscholars within the Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b school and throughout its history do permit its transport. One\nlate Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b texts states that it is best for individuals to ask the local governor or judge for\npermission to transport zakat outside the locality, or to follow the other opinion in the school\nwhich does allow for its transport \u2013 and which agrees with the majority of scholars.11 The\nMaliki and Hanafi schools both allow for zakat to be distributed to another locale, especially\nwhen given to one\u2019s relatives in another locale or when the other locale has greater need.12\n\n\n**(b) Giving to Non-Muslims.** There is scholarly consensus that the recipient must be Muslim.\nThe only exception to this is that the Maliki and Hanbali schools allow zakat to be given to\nnon-Muslims under the category of \u201cthose whose hearts are to be reconciled.\u201d However that\ncategory does not apply here as it is associated with proselytizing. One of the reasons for this\nrestriction is the hadith mentioned earlier where the Prophet \ufdfa ordered that zakat is \u201ccollected\nfrom their rich and given back to their poor,\u201d where \u201ctheir\u201d restricts zakat distribution to\nMuslims \u2013 just as it restricts the obligation to pay zakat to Muslims.13\n\n\n9. Zakariyy\u0101 al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b, _Asn\u0101 al-Ma\u1e6d\u0101lib_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, n.d.) 1:403; al-Dam\u012br\u012b, _Al-Najm_\n_al-Wahh\u0101j f\u012b Shar\u1e25 al-Minh\u0101j_ (Jeddah: D\u0101r al-Minh\u0101j, 2004/1425) 4:469; Ibn Hajar al-\u02bfAsqal\u0101n\u012b, _Tu\u1e25fat_\n_al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j_ (Beirut: D\u0101r I\u1e25y\u0101\u02be al-Tur\u0101th al-\u02bfArab\u012b, 1983), 7:172; Shams al-D\u012bn al-Shirb\u012bn\u012b, _Mughn\u012b al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j_\n(Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 1994/1415), 4:191. Shams al-D\u012bn al-Raml\u012b, _Nih\u0101yat al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j il\u0101 Shar\u1e25_\n_al-Minh\u0101j_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr, 1984/1404), 6:167.\n10. al-Buh\u016bt\u012b, _Kashsh\u0101f al-Qin\u0101\u02bf_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, n.d.), 2:263.\n11. Sa\u02bf\u012bd bin Mu\u1e25ammad B\u0101\u02bfaliy B\u0101\u02bfishn, _Bushr\u0101 al-Kar\u012bm_ (Jeddah: D\u0101r al-Minh\u0101j, 2004), 1:534.\n12. Ibn \u02bf\u0100bid\u012bn, _Radd al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101r_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr, 1412/1992), 2:353. al-\u1e24a\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101b, _Maw\u0101hib al-Jal\u012bl,_ 2:357\u201359.\n13. Ibn \u02bf\u0100bid\u012bn, _Radd al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101r,_ 2:351; Mu\u1e25ammad bin \u02bfAbd All\u0101h al-Khurash\u012b, _Shar\u1e25 Mukhta\u1e63ar Khal\u012bl_\n(Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr li-l-\u1e6cib\u0101\u02bfah, n.d.), 2:213; Mu\u1e25ya al-D\u012bn bin Sharaf al-Nawaw\u012b, _Al-Majm\u016b\u02bf Shar\u1e25_\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**(c) Distributing Zakat Through an Agent or Intermediary.** Another point of variance\nconcerns the conditions for distributing zakat through an agent or intermediary. According\nto the Maliki school, it is valid to distribute zakat through an intermediary provided that\none trusts the intermediary and is confident that the zakat will indeed be given to an eligible\nrecipient.14 According to the Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b school, it is valid to appoint an agent to distribute one\u2019s\nzakat.15 However, zakat cannot be distributed through a non-Muslim agent unless the zakat\ndonor identifies who is to receive the zakat. The fatwas mentioned above alluded to these\nvariances. As for the schools that were not mentioned in the fatwas: the \u1e24anaf\u012b school allows\nzakat to be distributed through a non-Muslim intermediary16 even if the donor has not specified\na recipient;17 while the \u1e24anbal\u012b school allows zakat to be distributed through trustworthy\nMuslim agents, it does not allow it to be distributed through non-Muslim agents.18, 19\n\n\n**(d) Distribution Across And Within the Categories of Zakat Recipients.** Although this\nwas not mentioned in any of the fatwas, another issue that an international zakat distribution\nagency must negotiate is whether they must distribute zakat to all categories of recipients,\nand to how many recipients within each category. The Hanafi school holds that zakat can be\ngiven to a single individual.20 The Maliki school holds similar view,21 as does the \u1e24anbal\u012b\nschool.22 The Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b school holds that \u2013 with the exception of zakat workers \u2013 zakat must\nbe distributed equally to whichever of the categories are present. The zakat given to each\ncategory must be distributed to at least three of its members; it does not have to be equal,\nthough it is recommended.23\n\n\n**Zakat Collection and Distribution Contexts.** UNHCR plans to collect zakat through the\nInternet using credit card and other online payment services (like PayPal). With cooperation\nwith banks, distributing zakat through UNHCR can be an ATM payment option. There is\nalso precedent for using regional and country-specific zakat-collection partners.\n\n\n_al-Muhadhdhab_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr, n.d.), 6:228; Muwaffaq al-D\u012bn Ibn Qud\u0101mah, _Al-Mughn\u012b_ (Cairo:\nMaktabat al-Q\u0101hirah, 1388/1968), 2:487 \u00a71774; Wahbah al-Zu\u1e25ayl\u012b, _Al-Fiqh al-Isl\u0101m\u012b wa Addilatuhu_\n(Damascus: D\u0101r al-Fikr, n.d.), 3:1966.\n14. Shams al-D\u012bn al-\u1e6car\u0101blus\u012b, _Maw\u0101hib al-Jal\u012bl_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr, 1992/1412), 3:353.\n15. al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b, _Asn\u0101 al-Ma\u1e6d\u0101lib,_ 1:360. al-Dimir\u012b, _Al-Najm al-Wahh\u0101j,_ 3:254; al-R\u016by\u0101n\u012b, _Ba\u1e25r al-Madhhab_\n(Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 2009), 3:82. Ibn Hajar al-\u02bfAsqal\u0101n\u012b, _Tu\u1e25fat al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j,_ 3:344. Ibn\nal-Rif\u02bfah, _Kif\u0101yat al-Nab\u012bh f\u012b Shar\u1e25 al-Tanb\u012bh_ (Beirut, D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 2009), 6:102\u2013103; alShirb\u012bn\u012b, _Mughn\u012b al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j,_ 2:129. al-Raml\u012b, _Nih\u0101yat al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j,_ 3:136.\n16. The \u1e24anaf\u012b texts mention \u201c _dhimm\u012b_,\u201d that is a non-Muslim citizen of the Islamic state. A \u1e24anaf\u012b scholar\nthat I consulted confirmed that what is intended here is any non-Muslim even if they are not technically\na citizen of the Islamic state.\n17. Ibn \u02bf\u0100bid\u012bn, _Radd al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101r,_ 2:268\u2013269; al-\u1e6ca\u1e25\u1e6d\u0101w\u012b, _\u1e24\u0101shiyat \u02bfal\u0101 Mar\u0101q\u012b al-Fal\u0101\u1e25_ (Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub\nal-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 1997/1418), 715.\n18. al-Buh\u016bt\u012b, _Kashsh\u0101f al-Qin\u0101\u02bf,_ 2:261.\n19. Dr Yusuf al-Qarad\u0101w\u012b supports the view that zakat cannot be distributed through non-Muslim\nintermediaries or agents. _Fiqh al-Zak\u0101t_ (Beirut: Mu\u02beassisah al-Ris\u0101lah, 1973/1393), 845\u201346.\n20. Ibn \u02bf\u0100bid\u012bn, _Radd al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101r,_ 2:344.\n21. Shams al-D\u012bn al-\u1e6car\u0101blus\u012b, _Maw\u0101hib al-Jal\u012bl,_ 2:352.\n22. al-Buh\u016bt\u012b, _Kashsh\u0101f al-Qin\u0101\u02bf,_ 2:287.\n23. al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b, _Asn\u0101 al-Ma\u1e6d\u0101lib,_ 1:402. al-Dim\u012br\u012b, _Al-Najm al-Wahh\u0101j f\u012b Shar\u1e25 al-Minh\u0101j,_ 6:643; Ibn Hajar al\u02bfAsqal\u0101n\u012b, _Tu\u1e25fat al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j,_ 7:169; al-Shirb\u012bn\u012b, _Mughn\u012b al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j,_ 4:188\u201389; al-Raml\u012b, _Nih\u0101yat al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j_\n_il\u0101 Shar\u1e25 al-Minh\u0101j,_ 6:164.\n\n##### 8 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019s common aid-distribution channels are: in person or through an ATM. UNHCR\naims to safeguard individual dignity whenever possible, so it avoids methods that might be\nhumiliating or undignified. ATMs are one means of aid-distribution that help do this.\n\n\nWhen refugees register with UNHCR, they are asked questions about their identity, family\nstatus, dependents, and needs. They are also asked about their basic religious affiliation for\nthe sake of vulnerability assessment and demographics. During registration, the irises of\neach refugee are scanned. Each iris is unique, allowing iris scans to be used as a form of\nidentification. ATMs are equipped with iris scanners that are used to identify users and to\nlook up the user\u2019s aid-account balances. The information collected on each refugee allows\nUNHCR to distribute aid to accounts matching particular criteria. The ATMs allow individual\nrefugees to receive aid through multiple sources of funding. UNHCR can use the data that\nis already collects to ensure that zakat is distributed to eligible recipients. When funds are\ndeposited to an individual\u2019s account, an SMS is sent informing them that they can collect\ntheir funds from one of the ATMs.\n\n\nRefugees are required to renew their registration each year. UNHCR also makes periodic\nvisits to refugees to check on their status and to reassess their needs as there are individuals\nwho will not accept zakat for various reasons.\n\n\nUNHCR sometimes hires partners to distribute aid. This might be a good long-term solution\nfor delivering aid in person as it allows UNHCR to have zakat distributed according to the\nIslamic law without themselves having to get bogged down with the details. Also, it should\nmake it easier to ensure that only Muslims are used or employed to deliver aid without\nUNHCR being accused of practicing religious discrimination. (The importance of this option\nwill become clearer in the next section.)\n\n\n**Negotiating Legal Variance.** In light of the variances mentioned above (with the difficulties\nthey present) and the expected aid-distribution contexts, it is recommend that zakat collection\nand distribution take the Hanafi school as a bare-minimum reference point (things that must or\nought to be done) and, if possible, attempt to also meet the requirements of the other schools\n(points that should or could be done). It is better to start with one school of law since there is\na requirement when issuing and reporting on opinions that we stick to the official opinion of\none of the four schools of law (even though we can use other opinions for our own personal\npractice), and because it not permissible to chase down lax opinions or mix schools in such\na way that we construct an operation that no school would recognize as valid.24\n\n\nBy starting with one school as a reference point, UNHCR\u2019s zakat works will be valid according\nto one school \u2013 which will go far towards earning trust and broad support. By also trying to\nmeet the conditions of the other schools, they will earn even more support as it shows that\nIslamic Law is being respected and not circumvented.\n\n\nThe Hanafi school should be the starting point because its official positions are more beneficial\nto zakat recipients and easier to implement. The Hanafi school considers the zakat donor\u2019s\n\n\n24. Ibn \u1e24ajar al-Haytam\u012b, _Al-Fat\u0101w\u0101 al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubr\u0101_ (Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Isl\u0101miyyah, n.d.),\n4:325\u201326.\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "iris scans", - "confidence": 0.8124912977218628, - "start": 103, - "end": 105 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5463240742683411, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9297606348991394, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tabah Report", - "confidence": 0.9923508763313293, - "start": 634, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7258700132369995, - "start": 635, - "end": 636 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ibn \u1e24ajar al-Haytam\u012b", - "confidence": 0.6736658811569214, - "start": 604, - "end": 607 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9794933199882507, - "start": 642, - "end": 643 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "intention sufficient when distributing zakat through a non-Muslim intermediary, whereas\nthe other schools either disallow this or place conditions that will be difficult to meet. The\nHanafi school allows zakat to be transferred to another land, whereas the Shafi\u02bfi and Hanbali\nschools restrict it. The Hanafi school allows zakat to be given to an individual, whereas the\nSh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b requires encompassing all categories and giving to three individuals within each one.\n\n\nThe Maliki school comes close. One difference is that it places conditions when using an\nintermediary to distribute zakat that are not mentioned in the Hanafi texts. However, this\ndifference disappears in practice since no one seeking to discharge their obligation to pay\nzakat would distribute zakat through an untrusted intermediary, and entrusting zakat to\nUNHCR indicates that one has trust in them as a distributor.\n\n\nAs a starting point, the appendix includes several excerpts related to zakat collection and\ndistribution from a basic Hanafi primer.\n\n\nThe conditions of the Hanafi school should be treated as minimum requirements. While it is\ngenerally better to take a stricter ruling if doing so allows an act to be valid according to the\nother schools, it cannot not be done at the expense of a practical valid solution.\n\n##### 10 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Many Muslim refugees feel that they have been abandoned by their fellow Muslims. Informing\nMuslim refugees that some of their aid comes from zakat would help let them know that\nthey have not been forgotten. It also helps UNHCR demonstrate that it is distributing zakat\ncorrectly, which contributes to earning trust. Informing each individual recipient that they\nare receiving zakat is not required.\n\n\nIt is recommended that donors are advised that UNHCR, at their discretion and on behalf\nof the donor, may pool their individual zakat donation with other zakat donations; and that\nthey may use zakat funds to purchase aid packages that will be distributed as zakat recipients.25\nIt would be useful to offer donors the option to receive periodic updates showing how their\nzakat is being used. These updates offer an opportunity to request additional aid.\n\n\nThere should be a contingency plan in the event that zakat exceeds the needs of refugees\nregistered with UNHCR \u2013 as unlikely as this may seem.\n\n\nUNHCR sometimes assists refugees who are tradesmen or craftsmen with funds to exercise\ntheir trade and work. Zakat can also be used similarly, provided that the trade and craft\nare considered lawful according to Islamic law. Since UNHCR must already have its own\nrestrictions, so a scholar of Islamic law should review their restrictions and advise them if\nadditional restrictions are needed when zakat is used in this way.\n\n\n**Gaining Broad Support.** To gain broader support and trust, UNHCR should develop\ndocumentation clarifying why they can accept and distribute obligatory alms, that they are\naware and respect the restrictions placed on zakat distribution, that all wages and operating\ncosts are covered by other sources of funding, and how they will record and report on zakatrelated activities. This documentation should be developed by a small panel of experts from\nUNHCR and experts in zakat law, and then sent to various Muslim scholars and institutions\nfor their review and endorsement.\n\n\n**Seeking Large Donors.** Zakat agencies are potential sources of zakat or as collection partners.\nSo are affluent Muslims. UNHCR should advise potential large donors of their zakat operations\nto ensure that it meets their requirements and to gain their trust. Several Muslim philanthropy\nconferences have been held in various locations around the world. These conferences are a\nvenue for seeking large donors.\n\n\n**Expanding Fund Sources.** Once a viable and sound zakat collection and distribution process\nis put into place, it can expand to collect and distribute other obligatory expiations for missed\nfasts, broken oaths, and the like.\n\n#### IV. Conclusion\n\n\nIt is legally permissible to distribute zakat (obligatory alms) through UNHCR and for them\nto serve as agents for delivery of zakat to victims, refugees and displaced individuals who are\neligible recipients provided that certain conditions are met. One of these conditions is that\n\n\n25. The \u1e24anaf\u012b scholar I consulted confirmed that these are allowed.\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Appendix Excerpts from hanafi Fiqh\n\n#### (a) Conditions for Paying Zakat\n\nIn order for the act of offering zakat to be valid, the one paying the zakat is required to intend\nzakat concurrent giving it to the poor, his agent, or when separating the required amount\n\n[from the rest of his wealth]. It is valid even if the concurrence is formal such as if one had\ngiven without having intended it as zakat and then, while the money is held by the poor,\nmakes an intention.\n\n\nIt is not a condition for the poor person receiving the zakat to know that he is receiving zakat,\naccording to the soundest opinion. So it would be valid if one gave money something to a\npoor person under the guise of a gift or loan while intending it to be zakat.\n\n\nIf someone gives their entire wealth as charity but does not intend giving zakat, the obligation\nof zakat is removed.1\n\n#### (b) Categories of Zakat Recipients\n\n\n[The eligible recipients of zakat are:]\n\n\n1. A person who is poor. He is someone who possess wealth less than a _ni\u1e63\u0101b_ (minimum\namount of a zakatable property) or its equivalent value in any sort of wealth \u2013 even if he\nis healthy and employed.\n\n2. A person who is destitute and helpless. He is someone who has nothing.\n\n3. A slave who has an agreement to buy back his freedom.\n\n4. Debtors who do not own a _ni\u1e63\u0101b_ (minimum amount) or its value in addition to their debt.\n\n5. Those in the path Allah. They are soldiers and Pilgrims who do not have sufficient funds\nfor reaching their destination.\n\n6. Wayfarers. They are individuals who have wealth in their own land but do not have it\nwith them.\n\n\n1. Al-\u1e24asan bin \u02bfAmm\u0101r al-Shurunbul\u0101l\u012b, _Mar\u0101q\u012b al-Fal\u0101\u1e25 Shar\u1e25 N\u016br al-\u012a\u1e0d\u0101\u1e25 wa Naj\u0101t al-Arw\u0101\u1e25,_ ed. \u02bfAbd\nal-Jal\u012bl al-\u02bfA\u1e6d\u0101 (Damascus: Dal-al-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n li-l-\u02bfUl\u016bm, 1990/1411), 658.\n\n##### 12 UNHCR Zakat Collection and Distribution\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7. Zakat workers are given enough to suffice them for their operation and assistants.\n\n\nThe person owing zakat can give it to all of the categories, or to limit to one even though the\nother categories are present.\n\n\nIt is not valid to pay zakat to a disbeliever; a wealthy man who possesses the minimum\namount or who possesses its amount in any form of wealth and in excess of his basic needs;\na wealthy infant; or to a descendent of the Hashim\u012b tribe [which includes descendants of the\nProphet ]\ufdfa and their freed slaves.\n\nAl-\u1e6cah\u0101w\u012b preferred the permissibility of giving it to the Hashim\u012b tribe [which includes\ndescendants of the Prophet ;]\ufdfa one\u2019s parents, children, wife or slave; a slave buying back\nhis own freedom; a partially freed slave; shrouding a deceased, or settling his debt; or the\nprice to free a slave.\n\n\nIf, after performing one\u2019s due diligence, one pays zakat to an individual he thought was a\nvalid recipient and it laters becomes evident that he was not, it suffices unless it was given to\none\u2019s slave or one\u2019s slave who is purchasing his freedom.\n\n\nIt is offensive to make someone affluent in that [one gives 200 dirhams (approximately\nUSD $ 315.00 or AED 1158 or JOD 223) to] a poor person has a nisab after paying his debt. But\nit is not offensive [if it happens] after giving each of his dependents less than a nisab\u2019s worth\nof what was given to him.\n\n\nIt is recommended [to give enough] to free recipients from needing to beg.\n\n\nWhen zakat has been gathered after the completion of a year, it is offensive to transfer the\nwealth to another city, unless the person to whom it is transferred is a relative, of greater need,\nmore righteous, or it would be more beneficial to the Muslims for the recipient to engage\nin teaching.\n\n\nIt is best to distribute it to one\u2019s closest relatives, followed by the next closest relatives, and\nso on. Thereafter, it is distributed to one\u2019s neighbors, then the people of one\u2019s locale, then to\nthose in the same profession, and then to the people of his land.\n\n\nSheikh Ab\u016b \u1e24af\u1e63 (the senior, may Allah have mercy upon him) said that a man\u2019s voluntary\ncharity is not accepted if he has needy relatives, unless he starts with them and fulfills their\nneed.2\n\n\n2. al-Shurunbul\u0101l\u012b, _Mar\u0101q\u012b al-Fal\u0101\u1e25,_ 661\u201362.\n\n##### Tabah Report, no. 1, May 2017 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f74ee6a4-6ccb-376f-a7a9-b0b123c7c6e6/TR-1-UNHCR-Zakat-Collection-And-Distribution-English.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_666/raw/doc_666_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_666/raw/doc_666_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 661dadf5350c4e5e3c9f9ea9d4832658e29153f5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_666/raw/doc_666_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **TECHNOLOGY, NATIONAL SYSTEMS AND CIVIL SOCIETY:** **USING A MOBILE APPLICATION TO PROTECT THE HOUSING, LAND** **AND PROPERTY RIGHTS OF DISPLACED PERSONS IN HONDURAS**\n\n**LORENA NIETO PADILLA, JAMILA EL ABDELLAOUI**\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Honduras & Switzerland\n\nnieto@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Paper prepared for presentation at the**\n**\u201c2019 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND PROVERTY\u201d**\n\n**The World Bank \u2013 Washington DC, March 25-29, 2019**\n\n_Copyright 2019 by author(s). All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document_\n_for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such_\n_copies._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **1. Introduction**\n\nWhile previously considered too complicated, sensitive or the responsibility of development actors,\n\n\nthe protection of housing, land and property (HLP) rights is increasingly recognized as pertinent for\n\n\nviable humanitarian responses, sustainable peace processes and the achievement of durable solutions\n\n\nto displacement. While this recognition may not translate into comprehensive HLP programming in\n\n\nevery humanitarian, displacement or peacebuilding context as a result of competing priorities and\n\n\nlimited resources, responses nowadays increasingly go beyond the provision of (emergency) shelter in\n\n\nareas of refuge and rehabilitation of housing in areas of origin. Interventions may include raising\n\n\nawareness on HLP rights, building capacity of relevant government entities to protect HLP rights and\n\n\naddress related challenges, supporting alternative dispute resolution mechanisms and improving\n\n\ndisplaced persons\u2019 security of tenure in camps and settlements, collective centres, rented\n\n\naccommodation, and so on.\n\n\nAs always there is certainly room for improvement. There are various additional efforts that could be\n\n\nundertaken to promote and protect the HLP rights of displaced persons, even at the onset of an\n\n\nemergency when peace and return prospects are dim. The most recent crises in the Central African\n\n\nRepublic and Iraq, for instance, involve extremely complex conflict and displacement contexts but\n\n\nnevertheless presented opportunities to prevent further violations of HLP rights and obstacles to\n\n\nrestitution. An example is the protection of housing and land that refugees and internally displaced\n\n\npersons (IDPs) left behind through, among others, documenting known pre-displacement tenure\n\n\nsituations and issuing moratoriums on HLP transfers in selected areas.\n\n\nIn Honduras, a country that continues to witness displacement as a result of generalized violence and\n\n\norganized crime, a collaboration between the Government of Honduras (GoH), Caritas, local parishes\n\n\nand the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is bringing modern technology to\n\n\nbear to document the housing and land that IDPs abandon when they flee to safety and to incorporate\n\n\nthis data into a newly developed section of the national property register. This method supports the\n\n\nstrengthening of a national system and gives the GoH the information it needs to safeguard displaced\n\n\npeople\u2019s HLP so as to incentivize their eventual return or facilitate their integration elsewhere. This\n\n\npaper discusses this effort following a short overview of the forced displacement situation in the\n\n\ncountry as well as the protection risks around abandoned HLP.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **2. Forced Displacement in Honduras**\n\nWhile most Hondurans who migrate are usually believed to do so for socio-economic reasons, recent\n\n\nyears have seen an increase in the number of people forced to leave their homes because of\n\n\ngeneralized violence and organized crime. Reliable data on forced displacement is challenging to\n\n\nobtain, since the country does not have a system to register displaced persons. According to a 2014 \n\n2015 IDP profiling exercise led by the GoH with support from UNHCR, the Joint IDP Profiling\n\n\nService (JIPS) and others, at least 174,000 people were forcibly displaced in the country between\n\n\n2004 and 2014. The exercise showed that 78% of the displacement took place between 2009 and 2013\n\n\nand 20% in 2014. Because this survey covered only 20 urban municipalities (out of a total of 298) and\n\n\nmany displaced persons are reluctant to contact the authorities, the real number of affected people is\n\nlikely to be much higher (CIPPDV, 2015). [1]\n\n\nGangs, commonly called _maras_, are often cited as the principal cause of violence and forced\n\n\ndisplacement in Honduras. Many displaced persons flee out of fear of being considered an \u201cenemy\u201d\n\n\nby the gangs because of suspected cooperation with the security forces, justice system or rival gangs.\n\n\nDeciding to leave a gang without the permission of its leaders, refusing to pay extortion fees or even\n\n\narguing or confronting gang members may also have serious consequences, including a death\n\n\nsentence. Young women who reject the advances of gang members are at risk as well. Families with\n\n\nyoung children are particularly vulnerable as gangs are known to force children into their ranks or\n\n\nsubject them to threats. Some displaced persons are violently evicted from their homes by gangs or\n\n\nordered by gangs with threat of violence to leave within hours (CIPPDV, 2015). The violence that\n\n\nforces Hondurans to leave their homes and seek safety elsewhere can also be attributed to the\n\n\npresence of three additional armed actors, namely drug smuggling structures, state security forces and\n\n\nprivate security forces. A detailed analysis of each of the armed actors is beyond the scope of this\n\n\npaper, but it is important to note that, like the gangs _,_ their presence or influence is not limited to urban\n\n\nareas only (UNHCR, 2016).\n\n\nMost families flee to other parts of their municipality, while some seek safety in other towns or rural\n\n\nareas. It should be noted that most Hondurans, in the absence of significant assistance programs,\n\n\nrequire support from friends and family in areas of refuge. Forced displacement therefore has a\n\n\nsignificant impact on a large number of non-displaced families as well. At least a quarter of the\n\n\nprofiled IDPs reported to have been displaced at least once more following their initial flight\n\n\n(CIPPDV, 2015). An unknown number of Hondurans has opted to leave the country, mostly to the\n\n\n1 Another IDP profiling exercise (with national coverage) was conducted in July and August 2018. The results of this\nexercise are expected in April 2019.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP profiling exercise", - "confidence": 0.8885032534599304, - "start": 78, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6569649577140808, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GoH", - "confidence": 0.7597970366477966, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Honduras", - "confidence": 0.9228370189666748, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9235371351242065, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.9578927755355835, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USA and Canada. At least 59,788 Hondurans had pending applications for asylum or refugee status at\n\n\nthe end of 2017 (UNHCR, 2018).\n\n\nForced displacement induced by unchecked criminal violence affects people throughout Honduras,\n\n\nalthough in most situations it does not concern entire population groups that are uprooted from their\n\n\nhomes at the same time, as may happen during armed conflicts. Because of the aforementioned\n\n\ndynamics, most Hondurans leave their place of origin in a gradual and discrete manner to avoid\n\n\ndrawing the attention of the gangs and other criminal elements that they are trying to escape\n\n\n(CIPPDV, 2015).\n\n# **3. Consequences for Housing, Land and Property Rights of Displaced Persons**\n\n\nForcibly displaced Hondurans experience several violations of their basic rights, including HLP\n\n\nrights. About 40% of all displaced persons, according to estimates, have lost their house and/or land\n\n\nin one way or another (CIPPDV, 2015 and Human Rights Council, 2016). The following non\n\nexhaustive list illustrates the types of challenges that forcibly displaced persons might face, either\n\n\nbefore or after displacement:\n\n\n\u00a7 Houses are damaged or destroyed by gangs to punish perceived resistance to the gang or to warn\n\n\nother community members of the consequences of defiance;\n\n\n\u00a7 Houses and land are occupied by the gangs to establish dominance and strategic control. The\n\n\ngangs may use the buildings to house their own families, as bases for the drugs trade and other\n\n\nillegal activities, or as _casas locas_ (\u201ccrazy houses\u201d) where opponents and victims are detained,\n\n\ntortured or killed;\n\n\n\u00a7 Houses and land become inaccessible because they are located in buffer zones between gang\n\n\nterritories;\n\n\n\u00a7 People in rural areas are forced off their land through intimidation strategies by corrupt local\n\n\nauthorities, security forces and drug smuggling structures in connection with infrastructure\n\n\nprojects, extraction of natural resources and territory needed for drug smuggling-related\n\n\nactivities;\n\n\n\u00a7 People are forced to sell their houses and land under threat or following persistent harassment,\n\n\nwhich in some cases has included the killing of family members;\n\n\n\u00a7 People are forced by circumstance and lack of financial means to sell non-occupied housing and\n\n\nland. Informal tenure over their housing and land (discussed below) may prevent them from\n\n\ndoing so legally, requiring them to accept prices well below the current market value;\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a7 Gangs or other criminals sell housing and land to third parties, who may not be aware that the\n\n\nseller does not actually hold the ownership rights; and\n\n\n\u00a7 Some displaced people continue to receive tax and utility bills for housing and land they have\n\n\nbeen forced to abandon (UNHCR, 2017).\n\n\nPreventing and addressing these challenges are complicated by several factors, in addition to weak\n\n\nsecurity forces and lawlessness. Many home- and/or landowners, especially in poorer neighborhoods\n\n\nor rural areas, do not register their property in accordance with the country\u2019s Property Law of 2004.\n\n\nThey may have received a certificate from elected local community leaders, known as _patronatos_, that\n\n\nconfirms their ownership and facilitates sale, but it does not constitute a registered land document.\n\n\nSuch unregistered properties do not appear in the cadaster managed by the Property Institute, which is\n\n\nthe national entity responsible for, amongst others, mapping and registration of housing and land\n\n\nthroughout the country. If a registration or regularization process is carried out, unregistered and\n\n\nabandoned housing and land will simply be marked as property with \u201cunknown occupants.\u201d More\n\n\nworrisome is the possibility that the illegal occupants of such housing and land are registered as\n\n\nowners.\n\n\nSeveral of these challenges require better security and rule of law, while others might be prevented if\n\n\nabandoned HLP is protected against destruction, occupation or illegal sales. International laws and\n\n\nstandards oblige states to undertake measures to protect abandoned HLP in the context of\n\n\ndisplacement and conflict. For instance, Principle 21 of the Guiding Principles on Internal\n\n\nDisplacement states that the \u201c[p]roperty and possessions left behind by internally displaced persons\n\n\nshould be protected against destruction and arbitrary and illegal appropriation, occupation or use.\u201d\n\n\nThe Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (\u201cPinheiro\n\n\nPrinciples\u201d) confirm the right of refugees and displaced persons to recover any housing, land and/or\n\n\nproperty of which they were arbitrarily or unlawfully deprived. In order to ensure that displaced\n\n\nHondurans are able to exercise this right, it is important that the abovementioned challenges and\n\n\nviolations of HLP rights are prevented and addressed as quickly as possible.\n\n\nAdapting existing relevant mechanisms to consider the realities of displacement could contribute to\n\n\nthe protection of abandoned HLP in Honduras. Ensuring that the property registry includes alerts for\n\n\nhousing and land reported as abandoned in the context of displacement could prevent erroneous\n\n\nsubsequent registration and illegal sales. This may also facilitate the dissemination of information on\n\n\nthe status of such properties to the wider public to deter illegal sales and to prevent purchases of\n\n\nabandoned property in good faith. At the very least, having abandoned housing and land documented\n\n\nas such can facilitate future restitution processes.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, since forced displacement as a result of generalized violence and organised crime is a\n\n\nrelatively new phenomenon, there was initially no law or policy on internal displacement in\n\n\nHonduras. In July 2013, the GoH launched Executive Decree PCM-053-2013, which recognized the\n\n\nsituation of forced displacement as a consequence of generalized violence and organized crime. An\n\n\nInter-Agency Commission for the Protection of Persons Displaced by Violence (CIPPDV) was\n\n\nsubsequently established under the leadership of the Human Rights Secretary in consultation with\n\n\nfourteen government entities and four national and international non-governmental organizations\n\n\n(NGOs). The objective of the Commission is to develop the national system to prevent and address\n\n\nforced displacement and adopt the required laws and policies to protect the rights of IDPs. UNHCR\n\n\nwas requested to provide technical support to the CIPPDV in implementing the Executive Decree.\n\n\nThe need to look specifically into preventing and remedying violations of HLP rights was highlighted\n\n\nby the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (UN Special\n\n\nRapporteur) following a mission to Honduras in November 2015. He recommended, amongst others,\n\n\nthat a \u201cconfidential system should be established to register abandoned homes or property that would\n\n\nenable a legal process to provide redress to such persons\u201d (Human Rights Council, 2016). In 2016 the\n\n\nGoH confirmed its commitment to create such a system at a regional conference in San Pedro Sula.\n\n\nThis conference aimed to discuss and reaffirm agreements reached in the 2016 New York Declaration\n\n\nfor Refugees and Migrants regarding the Global Compact on Refugees. Besides confirming its\n\n\ncommitment to improve the protection of IDPs, refugees, asylum seekers and other displacement\n\naffected persons, the GoH noted that a registration system for abandoned HLP as a result of forced\n\n\ndisplacement would be established by 2020.\n\n\nIn order to determine how best to support the GoH in the protection of the HLP rights of displaced\n\n\npersons, UNHCR analyzed the legal and institutional framework of relevance in 2017. The study\n\n\nestablished that the national laws and institutions \u2013 like in most countries \u2013 contain gaps for the\n\n\nprotection of HLP rights in irregular situations, like forced displacement as a result of generalized\n\n\nviolence and organized crime. For instance, while the country\u2019s Civil Code guarantees the right to\n\n\nrestitution of HLP, claimants are required to provide evidence of eviction or dispossession within six\n\n\nmonths. This is obviously extremely difficult for displaced persons who may not be aware of this\n\n\nright or who may not be able or willing to file cases against gang members or other criminal elements\n\n\nin court due to their displacement or fear for reprisal. UNHCR\u2019s study also found that even though\n\n\nmany displaced people do not report their flight to the authorities out of fear of retribution, or because\n\n\nthey lack confidence in government institutions, relevant HLP registration mechanisms did not record\n\n\nor respond to the abandonment of HLP as a result of forced displacement in any case (UNHCR,\n\n\n2017).\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **4. Protecting Housing, Land and Property Rights of Displaced Persons**\n\nIn response to the GoH\u2019s request for technical support in implementing the Executive Decree, GoH\u2019s\n\n\ncommitments at the regional conference in San Pedro Sula, recommendation of the UN Special\n\n\nRapporteur and the findings of its 2017 study, UNHCR designed a two-pronged response that aims to\n\n\nstrengthen the protection of HLP rights of displaced persons, with a focus on the design and\n\n\nestablishment of a registration mechanism for abandoned HLP.\n\n\nFirst, the response foresees a long-term effort aimed at national institutional capacity-building, based\n\n\non the identified gaps in the existing legal framework of relevance to the protection of abandoned\n\n\nHLP as a result of forced displacement. With the support of UNHCR, the government created a\n\n\nHousing and Land Working Group (Working Group) in 2017 to develop an overall strategy to address\n\n\nthese gaps, which requires innovative responses, enhanced technical capacity and reform processes.\n\n\nThe Working Group was composed of officials of key government entities. Second, because\n\n\naddressing the identified gaps takes time and HLP rights violations continue on a daily basis, UNHCR\n\n\nincluded an immediate action in its response, which will be discussed first.\n\n\n**4.1 Immediate Response: Documenting Abandoned Housing, Land and Property**\n\n\nIn collaboration with the NGO Caritas, UNHCR set up a Protection Network with 56 parishes in the\n\n\ncountry in 2016. The Network has several protection-related objectives, but of interest here is the\n\n\nHLP part of the initiative, which aimed to identify and document abandoned HLP in the areas covered\n\n\nby the parishes. Because many Hondurans have been displaced for long periods and destruction,\n\n\noccupation and illegal sales of HLP were ongoing, there was an urgency to ensure that local\n\n\ncommunity leaders\u2019 knowledge of the pre-displacement tenure situation or occupancy was captured\n\n\nwithout delay. There was also a need to collect more information on the occurrence and dynamics\n\n\naround abandoned HLP as a result of forced displacement.\n\n\nThe initiative commenced in 2016 with a mapping exercise of 56 parishes in order to identify the ones\n\n\nmost affected by forced displacement. Twenty-three of the parishes had witnessed significant\n\n\ndisplacement as a result of extortions, forced recruitment, sexual violence, and other violence\n\n\nperpetrated by gangs and other criminal elements in urban and rural areas. Selected members of these\n\n\nparishes participated in capacity development activities organized by UNHCR in 2017, which\n\n\nfocussed on protection of IDPs in general but also laws and procedures of relevance to the protection\n\n\nof HLP rights in the context of forced displacement.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on the exchanges with the parishes and the Property Institute\u2019s field registration form, UNHCR\n\n\ncommenced the development of a mobile application to facilitate the recording of abandoned HLP.\n\n\nOut of the 23 trained parishes, UNHCR selected the ten parishes that had witnessed most\n\n\ndisplacement to commence the actual documentation of abandoned HLP. Additional, more technical,\n\n\ntrainings were organised for the ten parishes and relevant equipment (e.g. laptops) was provided.\n\n\nBased on these interactions, UNHCR finalized the mobile application and the recording of abandoned\n\n\nHLP commenced.\n\n\nThe recording process consisted of three steps. First, each parish committee identified areas where\n\n\nthey have observed significant forced displacement and abandoned land and housing. Second, the\n\n\nparish committee developed community maps to identify the specific location of the abandoned\n\n\nhousing and land and gathered all information for each HLP. Such information could include names\n\n\nof occupants/owners, relevant dates, cause of displacement and current state of the housing and land.\n\n\nIt should be noted that persistent insecurity and the need to go about the documentation of abandoned\n\n\nHLP in a discrete manner prevented the parish committees from conducting proper documentation\n\n\nvisits. They only recorded the information that they were able to remember or had collected earlier.\n\n\nLastly, a data specialist assisted each parish committee to enter the data into the mobile application.\n\n\nAll HLP that was witnessed as abandoned was recorded in the mobile application \u2013 the parish\n\n\ncommittees did not look into or make a distinction between houses and land that could be officially\n\n\nregistered with the Property Institute and those that were probably not. A conscious decision was\n\n\nmade to avoid setting up an ad hoc mechanism and instead design a process that could eventually be\n\n\nincorporated in the existing national mechanisms for the protection of HLP rights, principally the\n\n\nnational registration system based on the Property Law.\n\n\nBy the end of 2018 almost 300 abandoned HLP had been recorded by use of the mobile application.\n\n\nThese results are, first and foremost, preserved by UNHCR for future restitution and protection\n\n\nprocesses. Secondly, the information was analyzed to understand the dynamics around the\n\n\nabandonment of HLP. Following initial consultations with the Property Institute, the results also\n\n\nprovided insights into the registration trends among displaced persons as well as minor discrepancies\n\n\nbetween the documentation method used in this effort and the Property Institute\u2019s registration system.\n\n\nThe findings filled a serious information gap and are used to inform the ongoing longer-term\n\n\nresponse.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.2 Long-Term Response: Enhancing National Capacity to Protect Housing, Land and**\n\n\n**Property Rights**\n\n\nThe long-term response to violations of HLP rights consist of several parallel efforts:\n\n\n4.2.1 Exchanges, Coordination and Technical Capacity-Building\n\n\nUNHCR coordinated exchange missions between members of the Working Group and the Land\n\n\nRestitution Unit in Colombia in 2017. The missions consisted of working sessions with relevant\n\n\ngovernment entities, including the Victim\u2019s Unit and magistrates working on restitution cases.\n\n\nMembers of the Working Group also conducted field visits to restitution programs in both urban and\n\n\nrural areas of the department of Antioquia - a region that witnessed significant displacement during\n\n\nthe country\u2019s armed conflict - in coordination with relevant municipalities. These missions aimed to\n\n\nfacilitate understanding of the restitution processes, legal frameworks and cadastral systems in that\n\n\ncountry.\n\n\nBased on this experience, the Working Group transitioned into the Cadastral Committee in 2018. It\n\n\nfunctions under the leadership of the Property Institute with participation of the National\n\n\nMunicipalities Association of Honduras (known by its Spanish acronym AMHON), National\n\n\nAgriculture Institute and the Forest Conservation Institute and technical support provided by\n\n\nUNHCR. Following its establishment and validation by relevant government departments, the\n\n\nCadastral Committee drafted a workplan for 2018 that included the development of: 1) a special form\n\n\nto request the protection of abandoned property; 2) a protocol for the registration process at the\n\n\nnational level; and 3) a special module for the registration of abandoned HLP in the national\n\n\nregistration system.\n\n\nTo facilitate this work, UNHCR organized two regional training sessions in Honduras in 2018 with\n\n\nthe participation of 60 functionaries from the national entities that make up the Cadastral Committee.\n\n\nTechnical support was provided by the Land Restitution Unit and the National Land Agency in\n\n\nColombia. The sessions focused on the relevant international human rights instruments, Honduras\u2019\n\n\ncommitments towards responding to forced displacement in the country and helped to refine the HLP\n\n\nstrategy developed between the Cadastral Committee and UNHCR. More general issues related to\n\n\nland administration and management were discussed as well. Technical and legal consultancies were\n\n\nconducted in coordination with the AMHON for the analysis of existing cadastral tools at the local\n\n\nand national levels as well as the recommendations of 48 local authorities regarding proposed actions\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "on the Cadastral Committee\u2019s workplan as well as more generally the draft law on forced\n\n\ndisplacement and the HLP strategy.\n\n\nTechnical capacity building efforts also included the judicial branch. In 2018 UNHCR signed a\n\n\nMemorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Supreme Justice Court and the Inter-American\n\n\nCommission on Human Rights. It conducted three regional trainings for 127 judges and magistrates\n\n\nfrom different legal areas (e.g. criminal, civil, child protection, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence) to\n\n\nenhance their understanding of the causes and consequences of forced displacement as well as the\n\n\ninternational and inter-American protection system for displaced persons. A module on the protection\n\n\nof HLP rights was included in each training session, which included discussions on the gaps in and\n\n\nopportunities for the effective protection of abandoned housing and land and resulted in the drafting\n\n\nof a workplan for 2019 as part of the follow-up of the MoU.\n\n\nAt the end of 2018, UNHCR organized an International Exchange on Mechanisms for the Protection\n\n\nand Restitution of Abandoned Land and Housing due to Forced Displacement in the capital of\n\n\nHonduras, Tegucigalpa, with the participation of 100 delegates from the four entities (local and\n\n\nnational levels) represented on the Cadastral Committee. Judges and magistrates, NGOs, civil society,\n\n\nthe CIPPDV and the National Commissioner for Human Rights (known by its Spanish acronym\n\n\nCONADEH). Five experts from Guatemala, Salvador and Colombia led the panels and bilateral\n\n\nsessions that exchanged on the various urban and rural, institutional and ethnic experiences on the\n\n\nprotection of abandoned housing and land and resulted in a set of specific recommendations for the\n\n\nHLP strategy in Honduras. Memoirs of the exchange will be launched in the second semester of 2019.\n\n\n4.2.2 Legal Development and Reform\n\n\nEfforts to strengthen the prevention of and response to forced displacement in Honduras were\n\n\nchallenging in the absence of relevant legislation. Since 2016 the CIPPDV has therefore been leading\n\n\nthe drafting of a law on forced displacement. The GoH has indicated that the draft law, entitled the\n\n\nLaw for the Prevention, Attention and Protection of Forcibly Displaced Persons, will be presented to\n\n\nCongress in March 2019. The CIPPDV has organised two consultations with IDPs on certain aspects\n\n\nof the law. Contents of the law have been found to be in compliance with the Guiding Principles on\n\n\nInternal Displacement. The law foresees the establishment of a National System for the Response to\n\n\nForced Displacement, which facilitates inter-institutional coordination, exchange of information,\n\n\nregistration procedures and coordination on issues such as budgeting. The law also establishes an\n\n\nEarly Warning System to improve the prevention of forced displacement and facilitate the\n\n\ndevelopment of contingency plans, both of which assist the prevention of HLP-related challenges in\n\n\nthe context of forced displacement. Besides including a comprehensive response to forced\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "displacement, the draft law includes specific measures to protect the most affected groups of the\n\n\npopulation (e.g. children, women, teachers).\n\n\nThe law also includes three articles concerning the protection of abandoned housing and land in\n\n\naccordance with the aforementioned recommendation of the UN Special Rapporteur and the\n\n\ncommitment of the GoH made at the regional conference in San Pedro Sula. Besides reference to a\n\n\nregistration system for abandoned HLP, the law includes a provision on a one-year suspension of\n\n\ndebts that displaced persons may owe authorities as a result of non-payment of taxes over HLP. This\n\n\nis meant as an incentive to register abandoned HLP once such protective measures have been put in\n\n\nplace. Finally, the law\u2019s chapter on durable solution elaborates on restitution processes for IDPs,\n\n\nincluding restitution of HLP.\n\n\n4.2.3 Institutional Development and Reform\n\n\nWhile the law on forced displacement will facilitate the reform and creation of relevant institutions to\n\n\nenable an effective response to forced displacement, several steps in this direction have already been\n\n\ntaken in the meantime. In November 2017, Executive Decree PCM-055-2017 was launched which\n\n\nredefined the roles of and separation between the Justice, Decentralization and Governance Secretary\n\n\nand Human Rights Secretary. This resulted in a redefinition of their mandates towards a more concise\n\n\nrole of the Human Rights Secretary with regards to the design and implementation of human rights\n\n\npolicies, including the national response to forced displacement.\n\n\nThe Executive Decree also charged the Human Rights Secretary with setting up a Directorate for the\n\n\nProtection of Displaced Persons, which would include four technical units covering issues related to\n\n\nreception, analysis, protection mechanisms and registration of displaced persons. Since the law on\n\n\nforced displacement has not yet been adopted, no specific resources have been assigned for the\n\n\nfunctioning of the Directorate although in anticipation of the law\u2019s enactment the various teams have\n\n\nbeen constituted at the end of 2018. The CIPPDV also already commenced a response to forced\n\n\ndisplacement in 2017 in three of the most affected municipalities of the country (Tegucigalpa, San\n\n\nPedro Sula and El Progreso). This consisted of the development of a contingency plan for the response\n\n\nto massive displacements in these areas and a national quantification exercise in coordination with the\n\n\nFinance Secretary in order to identify the required budget for the implementation of the law on forced\n\n\ndisplacement. Technical and financial support for these efforts has been provided by UNHCR.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4.2.4 Adapting the National Property Registration System to Include Information on Abandoned\n\n\nHousing, Land and Property\n\n\nThe results of the data collection efforts of the parish committees as well as the various institutional and\n\n\nlegal reforms facilitated the design of a specific module in the national property system in which\n\n\nabandoned HLP could be recorded. The process works as follows:\n\n\n_Development of a Form to Register Abandoned Housing, Land and Property and Request Protection_\n\n\nBased on the information collected by use of the mobile application, the Cadastral Committee and\n\n\nUNHCR developed a special form that displaced persons could complete to request the protection of\n\n\nthe HLP that they were forced to abandon. Following a sensitization campaign (discussed below), it is\n\n\nhoped that displaced persons will obtain the forms from and submit completed copies to various\n\n\ndesignated entities, such as the Ombudsman\u2019s Office, Cadastral Offices, Municipal Offices, Office of\n\n\nthe National Commissioner for Human Rights, and so on.\n\n\nThe form includes the location of the HLP and various housing and land tenure and classification\n\n\ncategories (e.g. ownership, rental, residential, commercial) as prescribed by the Property Law. The\n\n\ntypes of abandoned HLP that may be recorded is, again, not limited to those that are owned and\n\n\nhousing and land over which other types of rights were held are included as well. In addition,\n\n\ninformation, when available, on the current state of the HLP and causes of displacement (including\n\n\nalleged perpetrators) can be recorded as well. The form is aligned with the existing registration forms\n\n\nof the relevant entities.\n\n\nA draft version of the form was piloted in December 2018 with a group of IDPs under the leadership\n\n\nof delegates of the four entities of the Cadastral Committee. Following the pilot the form was revised\n\n\nto clarify several questions and include additional information. The final version of the form will be\n\n\nvalidated by the Directors of the Cadastral Committee in March 2019. Following the validation,\n\n\nadditional pilot sessions with a broader group of IDPs will be conducted. Based on the final approved\n\n\nversion of the form trainings will be conducted in the second semester of 2019 for the officials of\n\n\ndifferent designated entities that could receive forms completed by displaced persons.\n\n\n_Development of a Protocol to Define Roles and Responsibilities_\n\n\nWhile enactment and implementation of the abovementioned law will confirm the exact roles and\n\n\nresponsibilities of those involved, an initial protocol has been developed in 2018 in consultation with\n\n\ndelegates of the four entities of the Cadastral Committee. The draft protocol includes procedures for\n\n\nthe reception, analysis, verification and registration of information submitted by displaced persons\n\n\nand clarifies the responsibilities of all entities involved. It should be noted that this process includes\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the verification of ownership claims, for instance. The various measures to be taken to protect the\n\n\nabandoned HLP that has been recorded will be discussed with relevant entities, such as the CIPPDV,\n\n\nonce the law has been approved by the National Congress in 2019.\n\n\n_Development of Special Module for the Registration of Abandoned Housing, Land and Property_\n\n\nFor the development of a special module on abandoned HLP as a result of forced displacement within\n\n\nthe national registration system (known by its Spanish acronym SURE) that is managed by the\n\n\nProperty Institute, UNHCR signed an MoU with the Property Institute in 2018. Since the\n\n\ncollaboration on the development of this module required the sharing of information collected by the\n\n\nparish committees in the immediate response discussed above, a detailed confidentiality clause was\n\n\nincluded in the MoU.\n\n\nThe special module is currently being finalized and will record all the information provided on the\n\n\nforms submitted by displaced persons by following the aforementioned protocol. The Property\n\n\nInstitute will also establish procedures to identify abandoned HLP itself. UNHCR will assist with the\n\n\ndesign of these procedures, taking into account lessons learned from the experience with the parish\n\n\ncommittees. The eventual recording of abandoned HLP will constitute official registration. Following\n\n\nits completion, the special module will be presented for validation to the Directors at the Cadastral\n\n\nCommittee and thereafter the CIPPDV for final approval.\n\n\nFollowing the approval of the special module, the Property Institute will triangulate and register the\n\n\ndata collected by the parish committees. UNHCR and Caritas will support this effort by facilitating\n\n\ntechnical sessions between the Property Institute and the parish committees.\n\n\n_Sensitization of Displaced Persons_\n\n\nIt is hoped that the Human Rights Secretary will proceed with the full establishment of Directorate for\n\n\nthe Protection of Displaced Persons, especially the unit responsible for the registration of displaced\n\n\npersons. This would enable the Cadastral Committee and UNHCR to implement activities aimed at\n\n\ninforming displaced persons of the aforementioned efforts to document abandoned land and housing.\n\n\nAwareness raising activities, such as sensitization campaigns, have been included in the MoU\n\n\nbetween the Property Institute and UNHCR. Reaching out to displaced persons for registration\n\n\npurposes constitutes a major challenge, given security concerns, lack of trust in the authorities as well\n\n\nas fear of reprisals. The careful design of information campaigns, confidentiality procedures and\n\n\nprotection mechanisms will be key to ensure a positive response by displaced persons. Consultations\n\n\nwill have to take place to obtain their inputs and ensure effective participation in the dissemination\n\n\nprocess.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **5. Conclusion**\n\nWhile few displaced Hondurans intend to return to their places of origin at present, it is important to\n\n\naddress challenges for restoring HLP rights and remove other obstacles that may hinder their return\n\n\nand reintegration in the future. Implementation of protection measures for the protection of abandoned\n\n\nHLP of displaced persons contributes to the prevention of destruction, occupation and illegal sale of\n\n\nabandoned HLP and represents a step towards restitution. It is hoped that the abovementioned efforts\n\n\nwill collectively improve the levels of trust of the population in the authorities, which is a critical step\n\n\nto rebuild societies affected by prolonged situations of violence. Even if the majority of displaced\n\n\npeople eventually opt for other solutions (such as integrating in their new homes), protecting their\n\n\nland rights enables them to make use of these assets in their new environments.\n\n\nThe entities of the Cadastral Committee have demonstrated great interest and commitment to the\n\n\nprotection of HLP that displaced persons were forced to leave behind. Coming together and\n\n\nconfronting the various technical differences between the entities linked to the cadastral system, data\n\n\ncollection methodologies and operational mandates has been challenging but a focus on the need to\n\n\nprotect abandoned HLP assisted them in overcoming the challenges. The capacity building element of\n\n\nthe long-term response has ensured that the protection of HLP rights is part and parcel of all\n\n\nconsiderations going forward, which contributes to the sustainability of the response as well as to\n\n\ncreating the conditions for the achievement of durable solutions to displacement.\n\n\nWhile the Cadastral Committee has already commenced efforts to broaden its focus on the protection\n\n\nof abandoned HLP to the protection of HLP rights more generally, there is a need to take further\n\n\ndetermined steps towards advancing the long-term effort to enhance national capacity to protect\n\n\nabandoned HLP. The establishment of a registration system for abandoned HLP remains a specific\n\n\ncommitment of the Honduran national chapter of the Global Compact on Refugees for 2020, as is the\n\n\nsubmission of the law on forced displacement to the National Congress. While the delay in enacting\n\n\nthe law, which was drafted in 2016, has allowed UNHCR, the Cadastral Committee and others to\n\n\ndesign a sustainable approach, further delays will be problematic and prevent the finalisation and\n\n\nimplementation of various follow-up activities. Activating the envisaged Directorate for the\n\n\nProtection of Displaced Persons, especially the unit responsible for the registration of displaced\n\n\npersons, is also very urgent.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70e7e503-b7b0-3d2c-8161-8c0bd5b2e037/Technology%2C%20national%20systems%20and%20civil%20society%20-%20Using%20a%20mobile%20application%20to%20protect%20the%20housing%2C%20land%20and%20property%20rights%20of%20displaced%20persons%20in%20Honduras.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_667/raw/doc_667_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_667/raw/doc_667_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f01afd36d5b10bb9f3f5216676bda03cc8a2be3b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_667/raw/doc_667_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Regional Bureau For Europe\n\n_Bulgaria. Refugees receive services at the crisis centre for refugees from Ukraine in BlackSea city of Burgas._\n_4 May 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Dobrin Kashavelov_\n# **THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE** **IN PRACTICE 2022**\n\n\n\nThe Russian Federation military offensive in Ukraine\nhas triggered unprecedented displacement across\nEurope, with approximately 4.9 million refugees from\nUkraine as of 13 June 20222 [1] . While the majority of\nthese refugees are hosted in countries neighbouring\nUkraine, substantial numbers have progressively\nmoved onwards within the European Union and\nelsewhere.\n\n\nUNHCR has welcomed the decision to activate the\nTemporary Protection Directive [2] in European Union\nMember States as one way to provide immediate\nprotection from refoulement and basic standards of\ntreatment for refugees, including access to\naccommodation, labour market, and social and health\nservices. Temporary protection systems are\nconsidered complementary to the international\nrefugee protection regime, being effectively used as\nan emergency response to the large-scale movement\n\n\n\nof asylum-seekers. [3] As of 13 June 2022,\napproximately 3.2 million individuals have registered\nfor Temporary Protection or similar national protection\nschemes in Europe. [4]\n\n\nThe application of temporary protection in Europe is\nunprecedented and its practical implementation\ndemonstrates how to manage mass flows in a manner\nthat provides recognition of international protection\nneeds and guarantees swift access to safety,\ndocumentation and rights.\n\n\nThis initial non-exhaustive compilation of practices,\ndrawing from examples of how Temporary Protection\napplications have been assessed, aims to provide\nguidance and inspiration to governmental and\nnon-governmental actors on how protection and\nassistance needs may be assessed in a timely, fair\nand efficient manner.\n\n\n\n1 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE\n\n\nThe practices outlined in this paper are likely to\ngenerate efficiencies if they are extended beyond\nprocessing applications for Temporary Protection and\nare equally applied to asylum procedures. UNHCR\nhas previously noted how the effective processing of\nasylum applications can be achieved through better\nsystem design, innovative tools and measures and\npractical responses to systemic challenges. [ 5] As this\npaper demonstrates, several of these approaches\nhave been effectively deployed in the context of\nTemporary Protection, including enhanced\nregistration, access to information on procedures,\nexpedited issuance of documentation, systemic\napproaches with multiple service providers operating\nin a sequential manner (\u201cunder one roof\u201d), increased\nuse of technology and digitalization of systems\nincluding to lodge applications; as well as ensuring\nstronger linkages between status and rights.\n\n## **The Council Implementing** **Decision**\n\nThe Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of\n4 March 2022 (hereafter Council Decision) specifies\nhow EU Member States are to apply the Temporary\nProtection Directive, while leaving to Member States\u2019\ndiscretion to include additional categories if they\ndeem it appropriate.\n\n\n_Poland. High Commissioner visits Medyka Polish border crossing_\n_and reception centre. 6 March 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Valerio Muscella_\n\n\n\nThe mandatory scope laid out in the Council Decision\nincludes:\n1. Ukrainian nationals residing in Ukraine and their\nfamily members who have been displaced on or\nafter 24 February; and,\n2. stateless persons, and nationals of third countries\nwho benefitted from international protection or\nequivalent national protection in Ukraine as well\nas their family members who had been residing in\nUkraine before 24 February.\n\n\nIn addition, Member States must apply temporary\nprotection or adequate protection under their national\nlaw to permanent residents of Ukraine who were in\nUkraine prior to 24 February and are unable to return\nto their countries of origin. [6]\n\n## **Scope of Temporary Protection**\n\nSome of the practices below show a generous\nimplementation of the Council Decision, expanding\nthe scope to other persons in need of international\nprotection due to the ongoing conflict. In welcoming\nthe application of the Temporary Protection Directive,\nUNHCR encouraged states to take an inclusive\napproach to its application [7] in light of the urgent need\nto ensure admission to safety, protection from\nrefoulement and assistance to those patently in need\nof it in a situation of mass influx. [8]\n\n\nIn addition to the scope outlined in the Council\nDecision, **Germany** **[9]** has extended the application of\ntemporary protection to Ukrainian nationals who\nresided in Germany prior to the outbreak of the crisis\nand who are unable to renew their residency permits\nbecause they no longer meet the relevant issuance\ncriteria\n\n\n**Slovenia** **[10]** **, Luxembourg** **[11]** **, and Portugal** **[12]** have\nexpanded the scope of application to third-country\nnationals with short-term residence permits in Ukraine\nwho are unable to return to their countries of origin.\n\n\n**Ireland** **[13]** has decided to include Ukrainian nationals\nwho were in Ireland before 24 February on short-stay\nvisas, as well as those residing on the basis of other\ntypes of migratory permits, who can opt to either\nextend them or to avail of temporary protection when/\nif expired.\n\n\n\n2 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Poland. Refugees from Ukraine wait to register for cash assistance in Warsaw. 21 March 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Maciej-Moskwa_\n\n\n\n**Finland** **[14]** has extended the application of temporary\nprotection to Ukrainian citizens unable to return to\nUkraine due to the ongoing conflict as well as their\nfamily members. This includes not only Ukrainians\ndisplaced after 24 February, but also those previously\nresiding in Finland. Third-country nationals and\nstateless persons who have resided in Ukraine legally,\nincluding on a short-term basis, and whose safe and\npermanent return to the relevant country of origin is\nnot possible, are also included.\n\n\n**Spain** **[15]** has expanded the scope of temporary\nprotection to Ukrainian citizens who were residing in\nSpain and their family members, as well as to those\nirregularly in the country before 24 February. In\naddition, third-country nationals who were legally\nresiding in Ukraine, including on short-term residence\npermits or student visas and cannot return to their\nhome countries, are also included. [16]\n## **Enhanced registration capacity**\n\nUNHCR has recommended the establishment of\nappropriate registration processes for frontloading\ndata collection and data management, as well as the\nallocation of sufficient human and technical resources\n\n\n\nin the initial stages of procedures for greatest\nefficiency. [17] This crisis has shown that this can be\npractically done in record time, as the practices below\nillustrate.\n\n\nIn the **Czech Republic**, over 350,000 persons had\nbeen registered and issued documentation by the\nend of April 2022. The National Centre for Help and\nAssistance to Ukraine (NACPU) was established to\noversee the activities and coordinate the work of all\nrelevant authorities. A network of regional assistance\ncentres (KACPU) was set up across the country to\nfacilitate the registration and assistance process for\nthose arriving from Ukraine. Refugees approaching a\nKACPU are registered, issued documentation,\nprovided with health insurance and a work permit,\nand offered accommodation. Additional personnel\nhave been hired by the Ministry of Interior to increase\ncapacity for managing refugee flows from Ukraine as\nwell as other individuals seeking international\nprotection in the Czech Republic.\n\n\n**In Bulgaria**, registration and issuance of\ndocumentation has been made accessible through\nover 100 Initial Reception Points (IRPs) set up at\n\n\n\n3 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Romania. UNHCR helps people fleeing Ukraine move on from Moldova to safety in Romania. 10 March 2022 \u00a9 UNHCR/Mihai von_\n_Eremia_\n\n\n\nvarious locations throughout the country. The IRPs\u2019\nlocations include border crossing points, police\nstations, migration offices, bus stations and\naccommodation locations in some cases, including\nhotels. The interactive map of the registration points\nis published on the [national portal for the people](https://ukraine.gov.bg/issuance-of-temporary-protection/)\n[afected by the war in Ukraine.](https://ukraine.gov.bg/issuance-of-temporary-protection/)\n\n## **Digitalization**\n\nSeveral countries have rapidly developed online\nsystems to facilitate the process of registration,\npreventing backlogs and enhancing two-way\ncommunication with temporary protection\nbeneficiaries on the status of their application.\n\n\nApplicants for temporary protection can register\nthrough an online site in **Slovakia,** which significantly\nspeeds up administrative processes at Slovakia\u2019s\nforeign police unit. The form is available in Slovak,\nUkrainian and English.\n\n\nRequests for temporary protection are filed digitally,\nfrom within or outside of the territory of **Portugal.**\n\n\n\nChildren, however, are required to register their\nrequest in one of the 24 points established exclusively\nfor this purpose throughout the country.\n\n\nOn 28 March 2022, the Ministry of Migration and\nAsylum in **Greece** launched an [online site where](https://apps.migration.gov.gr/temporary-protection/?lang=en)\nbeneficiaries can submit their application and preregister for acquisition of the temporary protection\npermit. The site is available in Greek, Ukrainian and\nEnglish. Mobile units are also used for registration in\ncollective centres hosting refugees from Ukraine.\n\n\nIn **Croatia**, applications for temporary protection can\nbe made online, in Croatian, Ukrainian and English.\nRefugees residing in collective accommodation are\nalso being registered by mobile teams from the\nMinistry of Interior.\n\n## **Documenting identity**\n\nDue to the circumstances in which they are\nsometimes forced to leave their home country,\nrefugees often find themselves without identity\ndocuments. [18] A flexible approach to assessing identity\n\n\n\n4 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE\n\n\nand required documentation that takes this situation\ninto account is therefore encouraged, as it prevents\nunnecessary referrals to full asylum procedures and a\ndelay in individuals receiving access to services.\nSeveral countries have already shown a great degree\nof flexibility in this regard.\n\n\n**Ireland** advises that persons fleeing Ukraine may\npresent \u201cany identification documentation available\u201d. [19]\nThe **Portuguese** legislation on temporary protection\nequally accepts any means of proof of identity. [20]\nExpired or unofficial documents do not lead to an\nautomatic rejection of the request and are subject to a\ncase-by-case analysis.\n\n\n**Bulgarian** authorities accept passports, ID cards,\ndriving licenses, and birth certificates for children up\nto 14 years old. When not available, any other official\ndocuments that indicate identity are considered,\nincluding other types of documents containing a\nphoto. If no document can be presented at all, the\nBorder Police officers conduct an assessment to verify\nidentity.\n\n\nIn **Slovakia**, applicants can prove their identity by\npresenting a driving licence together with a birth\ncertificate, expired travel documents, an identity\ndocument, or any other photographic document\ntogether with a birth certificate.\n\n## **Issuance of documentation** **and access to rights**\n\nUkrainian citizens and their family members in **Poland**\nhave the right to apply for a PESEL number, which is\nequivalent to the Polish ID number and\nfacilitates access to social benefits, such as social\nassistance and medical services, as well as the right\nto open a business in Poland. As of the end of April\n2022, over 1 million arrivals from Ukraine hadreceived\nPESEL numbers [21] .\n\n\nThe Police and Border Guard Board in **Estonia** are the\nresponsible authorities for issuing decisions to grant\ntemporary protection immediately upon application.\nThis enables fast access to the labor market and all\nother rights and services. Temporary protection\nbeneficiaries are issued with a written decision with\ntheir personal identification number, whereas the\nresidence permit card that allows travel in the\nSchengen area is to be collected within 30 days. [22]\n\n\n\nIn **Spain**, applicants are provided with an attestation\nthat indicates they are authorized to work 24 hours\nafter its issuance. Applicants can then download their\ndecision granting temporary protection status\nelectronically through the Ministry of Interior\u00b4s web\npage.\n\n\nIn **Croatia**, the Government published amendments to\nthe Social Welfare Act providing access to social\nwelfare to beneficiaries of temporary protection on\npar with nationals and beneficiaries of international\nprotection. In **Greece,** the temporary protection\nresidence permit grants direct access to social\nsecurity and tax registration numbers.\n\n## **Under one roof approach**\n\nSetting up integrated systems with multiple service\nproviders operating in a sequential manner (the\nso-called \u201cone stop shop\u201d or \u201cunder one roof\u201d\napproach) at the moment of reception/ registration is\nanother method to maximize efficiency in information\nexchange and collaboration between different\nentities. An \u201cunder one roof\u201d approach can include\nservices such as (i) individual registration, (ii) capturing\nidentity information, biometrics and photographs, (iii)\nidentification of specific needs and referral to\nappropriate services, (iv) issuance of documentation,\n(v) eligibility processing for first instance and appeal,\n(vi) provision of legal aid/assistance and legal\nrepresentation, and (vii) counselling provided by\nvarious stakeholders\u2019 [23]\n\n\nIn **Latvia**, a support center for Ukrainian civilians run\nby Riga municipality has been established in the\npremises previously used by Riga Technical\nUniversity. All necessary services are provided \u201c _under_\n_one roof_ \u201d including registration, issuance of\ndocumentation, provision of information, access to\neducation, accommodation, and social support\nschemes. Medical first aid and legal and psychosocial\ncounselling are also provided, and the center has set\nup child friendly spaces. The State Employment\nAgency, State Social Insurance Agency and National\nHealth Service are working collaboratively at the\ncenter, which provides daily services for around 1,000\npersons.\n\n\n\n5 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE\n\n## **Information provision**\n\nAccess to information is a due process safeguard that\ncontributes to enhanced efficiency, as individuals are\nmade aware of their rights and obligations and can\nbetter contribute to the procedure.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Interior in the **Czech Republic** has\nlaunched a dedicated helpline and email address to\nprovide the necessary information on how to access\ntemporary protection in practice. A special website\n[\u201cOur Ukrainians\u201d has also been launched by the](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasiukrajinci.cz%2Fen%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cisla%40unhcr.org%7C57fd4c51dc1d45b560d908da1c950aa4%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637853723691574744%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=%2B2uoLpdWPJADOIMxkYw1P%2FefJpZj0gFlNqYFxtIpdwk%3D&reserved=0)\nMinistry as a central point of information for refugees,\nwhich includes advice on where to register,\nrequirements, timelines and entitlements for\ntemporary protection holders.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Interior in **Romania**, in coordination\nwith civil society and UN agencies, has launched a\ndedicated multi-lingual web platform [Dopomoha.ro to](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdopomoha.ro%2Fen&data=04%7C01%7Cisla%40unhcr.org%7C2a48f43b936446dddbfc08da1ca4129a%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637853788249836181%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=EIuB95r7HD38LXBktSvot16teyzm5czUz3UOCMXfnwI%3D&reserved=0)\nsupport Ukrainians as well as other nationalities\nfleeing from Ukraine with necessary information on\navailable services, including a dedicated section on\nlegal status that outlines the possibility of applying for\ntemporary protection and asylum, as well as short\nstays, and the rights associated with each of them.\nThe web platform also provides information about the\nhelplines and websites of other government entities,\nUN agencies and NGOs.\n\n\n_Bulgaria. Refugees receive services at the crisis centre for refugees_\n_from Ukraine in BlackSea city of Burgas. 4 May 2022_\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Dobrin Kashavelov_\n\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\nThe application of the Temporary Protection Directive\nin Europe is unprecedented and has not only\ndemonstrated EU Members States\u2019 solidarity and\ncommitment towards the Ukraine refugee crisis, but\nalso the ability to put in place fair and efficient\nsystems that allow for expedited confirmation of\nstatus, and effective access to rights. Protracted\nprocessing times for asylum claims, leading to\nasylum-seekers waiting multiple years for a final\ndetermination of their claim without any certainty, can\nirreparably damage already fragile asylum systems.\nDelays in the processing of asylum applications can\nalso erode public confidence in these systems and\nmake it more difficult to repatriate or find other\nsolutions for those found not to be in need of\ninternational protection. [24] The approaches outlined in\nthis paper, alternatively, can serve to show that when\npolitical will is there, systems based on harmonized\napproaches, mutual support for expedited\nconfirmation status and fast tracked access to rights\nand obligations will enhance self-reliance, reduce\ndependency on reception, relief and social protection\nsystems and enhance integration.\n\n\nMoreover, allowing refugees to move beyond the first\ncountry of asylum has helped to reduce increasing\npressures on countries neighboring Ukraine and\nenhance solidarity across EU Member States and\nbeyond. It notably allows refugees to be an active\ncontributor to the assistance provided by allowing\nthem the option of benefitting from the additional\nsupport of family members and existing community\nnetworks in other countries, avoiding overreliance on\nState systems in the first countries of asylum.\n\n\nIn light of the above, UNHCR recommends that States\nbuild upon these experiences and apply them within\nasylum procedures in order to equally profit from the\nbenefits of such practices more broadly within\nrefugee and migration management in Europe.\n\n\nThe European Commission\u2019s proposed Pact on\nMigration and Asylum presented in September 2020\noffers an opportunity to move towards a system that is\nmore comprehensive, mutually supportive, wellmanaged and predictable, both within and beyond\nthe Union. UNHCR will continue providing technical\nsupport to engage in asylum reforms that both\naddress the practical challenges faced by Members\nStates when it comes to management of refugee and\nmigrants flows, while ensuring safeguards and access\nto rights for refugees.\n\n\n\n6 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE\n\n## **Endnotes**\n\n\n1 [https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n[2 UNHCR - News Comment: UNHCR welcomes EU decision to offer Temporary Protection to Refugees fleeing](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2022/3/6221f1c84/news-comment-unhcr-welcomes-eu-decision-offer-temporary-protection-refugees.html)\n[Ukraine.](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2022/3/6221f1c84/news-comment-unhcr-welcomes-eu-decision-offer-temporary-protection-refugees.html)\n\n3 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements,\n[February 2014, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/52fa2404.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/52fba2404.html)\n\n[4 https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\n\n5 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Effective processing of asylum applications: Practical\nconsiderations and practices, March 2022, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html\n\n6 Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx\nof displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the\n[effect of introducing temporary protection EUR-Lex - 32022D0382 - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022D0382)\n\n7 UNHCR \u2013 News Comment: UNHCR welcomes EU decision to offer Temporary Protection to Refugees\nfleeing Ukraine, 04 March 2022 (available at: https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2022/3/6221f1c84/newscomment-unhcr-welcomes-eu-decision-offer-temporary-protection-refugees.html)\n\n8 UNHCR, Global Consultations on International Protection, \u2018Protection of Refugees in Mass Influx\nSituations: Overall Protection Framework\u2019, 19 February 2001 (available at: https://www.unhcr.org/protection/\nglobalconsult/3ae68f3c24/protection-refugees-mass-influx-situations-overall-protection-framework.html)\n\n[9 Section 24 (1), Aufenthaltsgesetzes, 2004: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/AufenthG.](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/AufenthG.pdf)\n[pdf, \"Verordnung zur vor\u00fcbergehenden Befreiung vom Erfordernis eines Aufenthaltstitels von anl\u00e4sslich des](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/AufenthG.pdf)\n[Krieges in der Ukraine eingereisten Personen\", 7 March 2022: https://www.bundesanzeiger.de/pub/publication/](https://www.bundesanzeiger.de/pub/publication/iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/content/iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/BAnz%20AT%2008.03.2022%20V1.pdf?inline)\n[iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/content/iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/BAnz%20AT%2008.03.2022%20V1.pdf?inline](https://www.bundesanzeiger.de/pub/publication/iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/content/iOtjNkrHCZ76Jw5ReGn/BAnz%20AT%2008.03.2022%20V1.pdf?inline)\n\n[10 Zakon o za\u010dasni za\u0161\u010diti razseljenih oseb, 2005: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO4176,](http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO4176)\nNavodilo o postopku in na\u010dinu ravnanja z osebami, ki v \u010dasu trajanja za\u010dasne za\u0161\u010dite nezakonito vstopijo v\n[Republiko: Slovenijo http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=URED3926 ;](http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=URED3926) [http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/](http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV7142)\n[pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV7142; http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV7114; http://www.pisrs.si/](http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV7142)\n[Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=NAVO785](http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=NAVO785)\n\n[11 Loi du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2015 relative \u00e0 la protection internationale et \u00e0 la protection temporaire, https://](https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2015/12/18/n15/jo)\n[legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2015/12/18/n15/jo](https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2015/12/18/n15/jo), Informations sur le statut de protection temporaire en faveur\n[des personnes fuyant la guerre en Ukraine\", 12 March 2022: https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_](https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2022/03-mars/12-protection-temporaire-ukraine.html)\n[actualites/communiques/2022/03-mars/12-protection-temporaire-ukraine.html](https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2022/03-mars/12-protection-temporaire-ukraine.html)\n\n[12 Art. 4(3), Decreto-Lei No. 76/2003, 23 August 2003: https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/decreto-](https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/decreto-lei/67-2003-223630)\n[lei/67-2003-223630](https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/decreto-lei/67-2003-223630) [, Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Conselho de Ministros No. 29, 11 March 2022: https://fles.dre.](https://files.dre.pt/1s/2022/03/05001/0000200003.pdf)\n[pt/1s/2022/03/05001/0000200003.pdf](https://files.dre.pt/1s/2022/03/05001/0000200003.pdf)\n\n[13 Section 60, International Protection Act of 2015: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/act/66/enacted/](https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/act/66/enacted/en/pdf)\n[en/pdf, Ministry of Justice information on TPD for persons feeing Ukraine: https://www.irishimmigration.ie/](https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/act/66/enacted/en/pdf)\n[information-on-temporary-protection-for-people-feeing-the-confict-in-ukraine/](https://www.irishimmigration.ie/information-on-temporary-protection-for-people-fleeing-the-conflict-in-ukraine/)\n\n[14 Section 109, Ulkomaalaisklaki, 2004: https://www.fnlex.f/f/laki/ajantasa/2004/20040301, Valtioneuvoston](https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2004/20040301)\n[p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s tilap\u00e4isen suojelun antamisesta Ukrainan tilanteeseen vastaamiseksi SM/2022/24: https://](https://valtioneuvosto.fi/paatokset/paatos?decisionId=0900908f807a060e)\n[valtioneuvosto.f/paatokset/paatos?decisionId=0900908f807a060e](https://valtioneuvosto.fi/paatokset/paatos?decisionId=0900908f807a060e)\n\n15 Real Decreto 1325/2003, de 24 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento sobre r\u00e9gimen de\n[protecci\u00f3n temporal en caso de afluencia masiva de personas desplazadas: https://www.boe.es/buscar/](https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2003/BOE-A-2003-19714-consolidado.pdf)\n[pdf/2003/BOE-A-2003-19714-consolidado.pdf, Orden PCM/169/2022: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/o/2022/03/09/](https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2003/BOE-A-2003-19714-consolidado.pdf)\n[pcm169/dof/spa/pdf; Orden PCM/170/2022: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/o/2022/03/09/pcm170/dof/spa/pdf](https://www.boe.es/eli/es/o/2022/03/09/pcm169/dof/spa/pdf)\n\n16 Access to the procedure and issuance of status for third country nationals is currently under discussion (not\nautomatic).\n\n\n7 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "THE EU TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE\n\n\n17 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Effective processing of asylum applications: Practical\nconsiderations and practices, March 2022, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html)\n\n18 Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, Identity Documents for Refugees No. 35\n(XXXV) - 1984, 18 October 1984, No. 35 (XXXV), available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68c4390.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68c4390.html)\n\n19 Q.10, FAQ : [https://www.irishimmigration.ie/faqs-for-ukraine-nationals-and-residents-of-ukraine/.](https://www.irishimmigration.ie/faqs-for-ukraine-nationals-and-residents-of-ukraine/)\n\n20 Ibid 7\n\n21 [https://data2.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/226?sv=54&geo=10781](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/226?sv=54&geo=10781)\n\n22 More information: [https://kriis.ee/en/security-situation-europe/ukrainian-war-refugees/staying-estonia.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fkriis.ee%2Fen%2Fsecurity-situation-europe%2Fukrainian-war-refugees%2Fstaying-estonia&data=04%7C01%7Cisla%40unhcr.org%7Ce36c9ac379ea43f9e97808da187cf3aa%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637849222182395116%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=lKhZwtw0HEwXgysqnISsvVUdYsN0g9pXmlD0fUCtE5I%3D&reserved=0)\n\n23 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Effective processing of asylum applications: Practical\nconsiderations and practices, March 2022, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html)\n\n24 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Effective processing of asylum applications: Practical\nconsiderations and practices, March 2022, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/6241b39b4.html\n\n\n8 U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E, M AY 2 0 2 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9bea54a-7a93-402c-b2a1-5288aec1ce10/The%20EU%20Temporary%20Protection%20Directive%20in%20practice%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_668/raw/doc_668_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_668/raw/doc_668_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4b50734c9c4358fd909e4253e1ebb2c71f99094c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_668/raw/doc_668_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,497 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# The protection situation during COVID-19 in Syria\n#### The impact of COVID-19 on protection activities and on vulnerable groups\n\n**A Protection Sector and Community Service Sector Report**\n\n\n_1st February 2021_\n\n\n1. Executive summary 2\n\n2. Introduction 3\n\n3. Methodology 3\n\n4. Main findings 5\n\n4.1 Impact on protection and community services activities in general 6\n\n4.2 Impact on activities implemented through community centers 9\n\n4.3 Impact on the most vulnerable groups served/assisted by the protection partners 10\n\n5. Recommendations / way forward 15\n\n5.1 Program approaches and activities 15\n\n5.2 Community centers (static facilities) 18\n\n5.3 Delivering protection assistance to the most vulnerable persons in hard to reach areas 19\n\n\n_Image: Syrian volunteers serve their community by going door-to-door ensuring families who are most in need receive support._\n\n_Image credit: UNHCR Syria._\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 1. Executive summary\n\nAfter nearly nine months of preventative COVID-19 measures in place by the Government of Syria, the\n\nprotection sector and its area of responsibilities ( Child Protection AoR, Gender Based Violence AoR and Mine\n\nAction AoR) have attempted to understand the level and types of impact this has had on the implementation\n\nof activities, specifically on partners' ability to provide services through community centers, and on the most\n\nvulnerable groups of the served population. The aim is that this report will provide protection partners with\n\nkey information for reviewing and revising their current activities in light of the ongoing pandemic.\n\n\nThe data presented in this report was gathered during December 2020 from 213 protection partners and\n\nstaff working directly or through partners with the affected population throughout Syria through an online\n\nsurvey.\n\n\nThe vast majority of the survey respondents reported that they still implement protection activities, but most\n\nof them have had to adapt their approaches to include fewer physical meetings with the population and more\n\nreliance on digital tools and social media. The restrictions in place have heavily affected community\n\ncenters/static facilities, which is one of the main approach to delivering protection services and assistance in\n\nSyria, by reducing the number of activities and persons accessing the center at the same time, as well as\n\nchanging to outreach approaches. In 2020 the protection partners inside Syria achieved 2.2 million fewer\n\ninterventions than in 2019 [1] . The pandemic has disproportionately impacted the most vulnerable groups\n\namong the served population, including older persons, people with disabilities, women and girls, as they are\n\nbecoming more vulnerable to additional types of protection risks as well as having become increasingly harder\n\nto reach due to the restrictions in place. Because of the high risk of the effects of COVID-19 among these\n\nvulnerable groups, group activities targeting them that existed before the pandemic targeting were the first\n\nones to be put on hold by the partners.\n\n\nThe protection sector suggests recommendations for how to address the most critical needs and gaps\n\nappearing from the survey data, most importantly to ensure all protection activity strategies include\n\ncommunity engagement from the start, to ensure the specific needs are identified and solutions are built on\n\nthe resources and skills existing in the affected communities, that they are relevant, appropriate, inclusive and\n\nsustainable. This is particularly important during the COVID-19 situation, when aid workers cannot reach the\n\naffected population to the extent that they usually are able to.\n\n\nThe wide-ranging recommendations set out in section 5 are grouped under the following themes:\n\n5.1 Program approaches and activities (remote engagement and programming, improving Protection\n\nresponse and community engagement and community-based protection)\n\n5.2 Community centers (static facilities)\n\n5.3 Delivering protection assistance to the most vulnerable persons in hard to reach areas (disability\n\nand age inclusion, child protection, on gender-based violence (GBV), mine action)\n\n\n1 In 2019, the protection sector and its AoRs managed to achieve 6,918,513 interventions inside Syria meanwhile in 2020, the sector\n\n[and AoRs achieved 4,669,551 interventions. To have access to protection sector and AoRs intervention inside Syria HERE, for](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMTZiNjlmYjctODJlZC00ZDE1LWE3ODAtMmUwMzIwZTY0YWIzIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\nprotection sector at Whole of Syria level please see 2019 intervention HERE and 2020 interventions HERE\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.997623860836029, - "start": 373, - "end": 375 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6145634651184082, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection sector", - "confidence": 0.9521554112434387, - "start": 356, - "end": 358 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected communities", - "confidence": 0.8664645552635193, - "start": 410, - "end": 412 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 2. Introduction\n\nOn 11 March 2020, WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. In Syria, the first case was tested\n\npositive for COVID-19 on 22 March. On 31 January 2021, the total number of COVID-19 cases confirmed by\n\nthe Ministry of Health (MoH) was 14,048 (921 fatalities, 7,562 recovered). The Government of Syria is\n\nimplementing their emergency preparedness and response plan by procuring more protection, detection and\n\nsurveillance equipment, training health staff, and preparing isolation and quarantine facilities [2] . Key\n\npreventative measures include lockdowns, restrictions on number of people who can meet, physical distance\n\nguidelines including inside meeting and classrooms. These measures have impact on the humanitarian\n\nprograms in the country. The protection sector in Syria carried out a rapid survey among its partners between\n\n[22-25 March 2020, using online survey. 59 organizations responded providing an overview of the impact of](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/impact-covid-19-prevention-measures-humanitarian-operations-protection)\n\nthe COVID-19 prevention measures on their operations in Syria.\n\n\nA second survey was carried out by the protection and community services sector during December 2020,\n\naiming\n\n\n1) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the protection and humanitarian activities after almost 9\n\nmonths of the suspension and/or minimization of protection programs following the instructions of\n\nCOVID-19 mitigation measures,\n\n2) to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable groups served/assisted by the\n\nprotection partners, and\n\n3) to assess the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the community centers (static facilities) in\n\nSyria. The intention is that the outcome of the survey will help the partners adjust/improve their\n\nactivities and targets based on the current situation.\n\n## 3. Methodology\n\n\nThe data was collected via an online survey during December 2020 [3] . The survey targeted the protection\n\npartners who already implement activities within Syria operation. The survey was available in English and\n\nArabic. The geographical areas covered by the respondents are represented in the map below.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 Update No. 14 - 12 January 2021 available at https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online survey", - "confidence": 0.7427880764007568, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7873113751411438, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection and community services sector", - "confidence": 0.55838942527771, - "start": 192, - "end": 197 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8477936387062073, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "December 2020", - "confidence": 0.9141848683357239, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "protection partners", - "confidence": 0.8663365840911865, - "start": 256, - "end": 258 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online survey", - "confidence": 0.9865332841873169, - "start": 318, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8924936652183533, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7680156826972961, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5084957480430603, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "December 2020", - "confidence": 0.9435656070709229, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "protection\n\npartners", - "confidence": 0.9948862195014954, - "start": 331, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Type of agency of the respondents\n\n\n#### Services provided by respondents\n\n0.77%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInternational NGO National NGO\n\n\nUN Agency Charity group\n\n\nGovernment institution\n\n\n\nGender Based Violence General Protection\n\n\nChild Protection Mine Action\n\n\n\nThe lack of authorization to carry out protection and monitoring assessments hindered inclusion of the\n\naffected population as key informants, and thus providing only the perspective of service providers for this\n\nsurvey.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Implementation method\n\nDirect Direct and through partners Through partners\n\n## 4. Main findings\n\n\n_20 teenagers took part in an awareness session organized by a psycho-social support team at a community center in Daraa,_\n\n_south Syria. The sessions focused on discussing mental health issues and how to properly maintain productivity in their daily life._\n\n_The sessions also stressed the importance of seeking support with psychologists available to them whenever needed. Image_\n\n_credit: UNHCR Syria._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4.1Impact on protection and community services activities in general\n\n**Still delivering protection services**\n\n\nMost of the respondents (97%) report that they are still delivering protection activities and assistance, while\n\nonly (3%) report that the protection services have been stopped completely from their side. The graph below\n\npresents an overview of the type of protection services the respondents report being affected during COVID\n19:\n\n\n\nAwareness raising activities\n\n\nCommunity-based child protection, including psychosocial\u2026\n\n\nSpecialized child protection services\n\n\nAwareness raising through campaigns\n\n\nEmpowerment activities\n\n\nPsychosocial support (PSS)\n\n\nAwareness raising through contact initiatives\n\n\nResponse services for women/girls at risk\n\n\nHuman resource capacity to respond to child protection\u2026\n\n\nIn kind material assistance\n\n\nDignity kit distribution\n\n\nGBV assessments, advocacy and risk mitigation\n\n\nAssessments\n\n\nCase management and Referrals\n\n\nResponse services to GBV survivors\n\n\nLegal services\n\n\nTraining of GBV actors (inside and outside Syria)\n\n\nTraining of front line responders (protection service\u2026\n\n\nRisk education\n\n\nOther Socio-economic support\n\n\nTraining of other humanitarian actors (non-protection\u2026\n\n\nMandatory GBV Cross-Cutting indicators\n\n\nCash assistance\n\n\nSurvey and removal of explosive hazards\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRestriction on face-to-face meetings / public gatherings were reported as the common measure applied in\n\ndifferent areas where partners intervene (73% of respondent). While 43% of respondent report closure of\n\ncommunity centers as one of common measures applied.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "graph", - "confidence": 0.5721274614334106, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7784441113471985, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7808265089988708, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Cross-Cutting indicators", - "confidence": 0.5273285508155823, - "start": 188, - "end": 191 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7094758749008179, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Approaches followed delivering protection services in light of COVID-19 pandemic**\n\n\n24% of the respondents report no change in their operations and they have continued business as usual,\n\nwhile 23% of the respondents say that only group services have been suspended. 20% of respondents report\n\nthat the business continues as usual with taking the prevention measures into consideration, 20%\n\nrespondents report that only specialized services for high-risk cases continue, 7% prioritize services in specific\n\ngeographic areas and about 6% of respondents say that all services have suspended.\n\n\nSpecific approaches reported by the partners:\n\n\n - Reduction of the number of beneficiaries in the sessions;\n\n - Suspension for a specified period and then back to work online or with a smaller number of participants\nwithin the available spaces;\n\n - Provide group activities via WhatsApp;\n\n - Digital implementation of collective services, while taking all safety measures physically implementing\nindividual services;\n\n - Suspending the work of the courses for a certain period, while staff continue beneficiary follow-up\nthrough different means of communication and receive emergency cases while taking precautionary\nmeasures, to later continue the work and courses with reduced beneficiary numbers;\n\n - Continue provision of services, but with preventive measures such as wearing masks, continuous\nsterilization, and achieving social distancing by reducing the number of beneficiaries during the\nsessions, in addition to working on a rotation system between employees to achieve spacing for a\ntemporary period, and conducting some of the awareness sessions via social media.\n\n - Replacing home visits with phone calls;\n\n - All services continued with some modifications to the group services, particularly those for older\npersons.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Alternative modalities of work**\n\n\nTo ensure continuity of the operations, most agencies report having adopted flexible work arrangements:\n\n\n\n73.30%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhatsApp groups Staff rotation\n(reduced staff)\n\n\n\nUse social media Teleworking Hotline Others\n\n\n\n**Impact of the COVID-19 situation on the organization**\n\n\n71% of the respondents report facing significant challenges regarding the low implementation rate for\n\nplanned activities as a result of the COVID-19 situation and have had to suspend/minimize their activities for\n\na specific period, while 42% report that there is a lack of access to the beneficiaries, 35% report that they are\n\nfacing funding concerns and 20% say that the productivity of the staff has been reduced in addition to a lack\n\nof interest to work due to staff health concerns.\n\n\n**Delivering awareness raising on protection issues**\n\n\nMost of the organizations (97.5% of the respondents) report that they are still delivering awareness raising\n\nsessions on protection issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. The topics covered through the sessions are:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCOVID19\nprevention and\n\nresponse\n\n\n\nGBV Awareness on\nchild protection\n\nissues\n\n\n\nInformation on\n\nMHPSS\n\n\n\nReproductive\n\nhealth\n\n\n\nIntegrated\napproach to\nreproductive\nhealth and GBV\n\n\n\nExplosive\nOrdnance Risk\n\nAwareness\n\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\nThe methodology mostly used (88%) among the respondents to continue implementing awareness raising\n\nactivities is to deliver awareness sessions to a limited number of people taking the COVID-19 prevention\n\nmeasures into consideration. 70% say that they are using WhatsApp groups to provide those sessions.\n\nAdditionally, one-to-one awareness sessions were reported by 63% of the respondents and about 56% report\n\nthat they are depending on social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube and WhatsApp to implement the\n\nactivities. Other methods that were used by the partners include printing and distributing brochures, SMS,\n\nRadio, TV and other mass media channels.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some partners report concerns that due to COVID-19 online modalities were adopted but in rural areas there\n\nis limited internet coverage and/or people do not have smart phones. For GBV activities, women were not\n\ncomfortable to share their concerns over the phone. A lack of interest in the online modality and\n\nconfidentially concerns were also noticed.\n\n\n**Required support**\n\n\n81% of the respondents report that additional training on preventive measures or response mechanisms\n\nduring emergencies are required. 45% report that technical guidance on specific areas is needed. 42% report\n\nthat coordination meetings are required for the COVID-19 response. Additionally, partners require more\n\npersonal protective equipment supplies (like masks, gloves etc.) for the frontline workers, integration of\n\nawareness raising on COVID-19 in all programs, and funding to implement these measures.\n\n#### 4.2Impact on activities implemented through community centers\n\n\nAround 450 community centers and satellite centres, child friendly spaces and women safe spaces providing\n\nspecialized protection activities to millions vulnerable persons in Syria. The community centres provide\n\nintegrated protection services and outreach activities (case management and referral, MHPSS, Legal\n\nassistance including civil documentation and HLP, community and youth\u2013based initiatives to foster social\n\ncohesion and community participation and inclusion, support vulnerable children, women, older persons and\n\npeople with disabilities.\n\n\nTo cope with the situation, organizations have followed approaches to continue delivering protection\n\nactivities through the community centers. The vast majority of the organizations (96%) report that they\n\nprovide protection activities through static facilities (community centers (57%), child friendly spaces (47%),\n\nwomen safe spaces (41%), satellite centers (24%) and health facilities (5%)).\n\n\n38% of organizations have modified community centers to outreach protection activities and around 36% of\n\norganizations reduce the activities in their centers. While 2% of organization report that their activities\n\nthrough static facilities were put on hold.\n\n\n**Safety protocol at work**\n\n\n94% of the respondents report that they are using safety protocols in the static facilities. More than half of\n\nthe organizations are using the safety protocol issued by the MoH and around 41% use a safety protocol\n\nissued by UN agencies.\n\n\n**In case COVID-19 preventive measures continue in the coming 3 months**\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In this scenario, the respondents reported the following expected **approaches** :\n\n\n\nI don\u2019t know, we are currently\n\nreviewing our work\n\n\nWill modify the static facilities work to\n\noutreach protection activities\n\n\nWill reduce the number of activities\n\n\nI need technical guidance and advice\n\nform sector\n\n\nWill continue working with the full\n\ncapacity of static facility\n\n\nWill reduce working hours\n\n\nWill reduce the number of staff\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhile the expected **impact** of continued closing of the community centers would be:\n\n\nLess direct inter-action with vulnerable groups;\n\n\nChildren will have no friendly space in the area;\n\n\nElderly and people with specific will have less access to\n\nprotection specialized activities;\n\n\nWomen have less access to protection activities;\n\n\n\n53.03%\n\n\n\nLess reach to communities in hard to reach areas;\n\n\nStaff losing their work\n\n\nSurvivors and people with specific need will not have\n\naccess to assistance and services;\n\n\nNot able to identify the most vulnerable persons;\n\n\nWomen will have fewer safe spaces;\n\n\nWill not affect as we already have alternative work\n\nmodality;\n\n\nWill not affect protection activities as impact of static\n\nfacilities is not effective;\n\n\nOthers, please specify\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### 4.3Impact on the most vulnerable groups served/assisted by the protection partners\n\n**Main protection issues affecting people as a result of the COVID-19 situation:**\n\n\n76% of respondents report that psychological trauma, stress and anxiety is one of the main protection issues\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "affecting people due to COVID-19 situation. 56% report that also the gender-based violence against women\n\nand girls has increased. Additionally, 45% report that there is a lack of access to health care and services.\n\nOther issues that were mentioned include: limitation of movement (40%), separation/isolation from family\n\nand household members (36%), increased negative coping mechanisms (30%) and forced labor or economic\n\nexploitation (23%).\n\n\n**Severity of protection risks during COVID-19**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|\u2022 56% of the respondents assess the limited/restricted access to protection
services is an issue of moderate severity in their areas of coverage
\u2022 53% of the respondents assess limited access to information an issue of
moderate severity level
\u2022 33% of the respondent assess the psychological distress of very high
severity.|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Protection issue/Severity scale**|**Protection issue/Severity scale**|**1 =**
**None**|**2 =**
**Low**|**3 =**
**Moderate**|**4 =**
**High**|**5 = Very**
**High**|**Total**
**respondent**|**Total**
**respondent**|\n|Restriction on movement|Restriction on movement|6%|10%|51%|29%|3%|**193**|**193**|\n|Family / child separation|Family / child separation|13%|23%|44%|19%|2%|**192**|**192**|\n|Social exclusion and stigmatization|Social exclusion and stigmatization|8%|13%|29%|35%|16%|**192**|**192**|\n|Psychological distress|Psychological distress|2%|9%|22%|33%|33%|**193**|**193**|\n|Limited access to health services|Limited access to health services|4%|19%|42%|24%|12%|**189**|**189**|\n|Limited access to other
humanitarian assistance (WASH,
education, etc.)|Limited access to other
humanitarian assistance (WASH,
education, etc.)|6%|23%|43%|23%|6%|**191**|**191**|\n|Limited/restricted access to
protection services|Limited/restricted access to
protection services|4%|15%|56%|22%|5%|**192**|**192**|\n|Limited access to information|Limited access to information|9%|23%|53%|13%|5%|**179**|**179**|\n|Risks related to housing, land and
property|Risks related to housing, land and
property|22%|28%|33%|14%|4%|**192**|**192**|\n|Exposure to explosive hazards|Exposure to explosive hazards|35%|24%|22%|14%|4%|**189**|**189**|\n\n\nThe protection risks reported with highest mentions of a **high severity** (Top 5):\n\n1. Social exclusion and stigmatization (35% of the respondents report that the severity for this\n\nprotection risk is high);\n\n2. Psychological distress (33%);\n\n3. Restriction of movement (29%);\n\n4. Limited access to health services (24%);\n\n5. Limited access to other humanitarian assistance (23%);\n\n\nThe protection risks reported with highest mentions of a **moderate severity** (Top5):\n\n1. Limited/restricted access to protection services (56%);\n\n2. Limited access to information (53%);\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Severity of protection risks during COVID-19", - "confidence": 0.9403098821640015, - "start": 89, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9470306634902954, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "severity level", - "confidence": 0.6145130395889282, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondent", - "confidence": 0.749959409236908, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Restriction of movement (51%);\n\n4. Family/child separation (44%);\n\n5. Limited access to other humanitarian assistance (43%);\n\n\n**Social groups affected by the prevention measures**\n\n\nWhile everyone has been affected by the public prevention measures applied, respondents report that\n\nmedical personnel (30%), female headed household (29%), people with disabilities (23%) and IDPs (21%) are\n\nthe most affected social groups.\n\n\n76.5% of the respondents report that inability or difficulty to buy basic necessities (food, health, hygiene\n\nitems, etc.) is one of the basic impacts of the current situation on the served people. Additionally, 70% report\n\ninability or difficulty to pay rent, 62% report loss of employment or livelihoods, 42% report inability or\n\ndifficulty to pay utilities (water, electricity, etc.), while 41% report a lack of access to health care including\n\nhealth facilities, and 36% report a lack of access to humanitarian assistance/services.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Main protection issues affecting children as**\n\n**a result of COVID-19 situation**\n\n\n\n**Main protection issues affecting women and girls**\n\n**as a result of COVID-19 situation**\n\n\n\n\n\nLack of access to\n\neducation\n\n\nPsychological trauma,\n\nstress and anxiety\n\n\nViolence, abuse or neglect\n\nwithin families/\n\nhouseholds\n\n\nChild marriage\n\n\nStigmatization,\nmarginalization and\n\ndiscrimination\n\n\nSeparation from\nfamily/household\nmembers/caregivers\n\n\nLack of access to\ninformation, including due\nto communication barriers\n\n\nLack of security and safety\n\nin the area\n\n\nChild recruitment\n\n\nNone / not applicable\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n\nPsychological trauma, stress and\n\nanxiety\n\n\nViolence or abuse within\n\nfamilies/households\n\n\nViolence, harassment or abuse in\n\nthe community\n\n\nLack of safe space and privacy\n\n\nLack of access to sexual and\nreproductive health services\n\n\nLack of other specialized services\n\nfor women\n\n\nRestricted access to health\nfacilities due to socio-cultural\n\nnorms\n\n\nSeparation/isolation from\nfamily/household members\n\n\nLack of access to information,\nincluding due to communication\n\nbarriers\n\n\nInsecurity\n\n\nNone / not applicable\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Main protection issues affecting older**\n\n**persons as a result of COVID-19 situation**\n\n\n\n**Main protection issues affecting persons with**\n\n**disabilities as a result of COVID-19 situation**\n\n\n\n\n\nLack of access to health\ncare, including medication\n\n\nPsychological trauma,\n\nstress and anxiety\n\n\nLack of access to services,\n\nincluding due to\naccessibility and mobility\n\nissues\n\n\nLack of access to\ninformation, including due\n\ncommunication barriers\n\n\nStigmatization,\nmarginalization and\n\ndiscrimination\n\n\nSeparation from\nfamily/household\nmembers/caregivers\n\n\nViolence, abuse or neglect\n\nwithin\nfamilies/households\n\n\nNone / not applicable\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\n\nLack of access to services,\nincluding due to accessibility\n\nand mobility issues\n\n\nLack of access to health\ncare, including medication\n\n\nPsychological trauma, stress\n\nand anxiety\n\n\nStigmatization,\nmarginalization and\n\ndiscrimination\n\n\nViolence, abuse or neglect\nwithin families/households\n\n\nLack of access to\ninformation, including due\nto communication barriers\n\n\nSeparation from\nfamily/household\nmembers/caregivers\n\n\nNone / not applicable\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 5. Recommendations / way forward\n\n_Ensuring the most vulnerable families are having hygiene materials to clean their clothes, eight women from the displaced and_\n\n_host community in Maskanah village, south Homs learnt how to make hygiene powder from raw materials, and distributed them_\n\n_to 130 families who cannot afford the expenses of hygiene materials to protect themselves from Covid-19. Image credit: UNHCR_\n\n_Syria._\n\n#### 5.1 Program approaches and activities\n\n\n**On remote engagement and programming**\n\n\n - **Community-driven approaches:** Protection partners to expand and prioritize remote and\n\ncommunity-driven approaches, including mobilization of community volunteers and community\nbased organizations, for needs identification and for service delivery and assistance, particularly case\n\nmanagement and referral.\n\n\n - **Communication** : Protection actors to discuss and agree with regular interlocutors, including\n\ncommunity networks and focal points, how to maintain remote communications. This could include\n\nagreeing on the means and frequency of communicating remotely and ensuring that communities\n\nhave the necessary resources to do so. Protection partners to improve on risk communication and\n\ncommunity engagement (RCCE), including responsive and customized communication with\n\ncommunities (CWC), and support to local networks for rights awareness-raising and information\n\nsharing campaigns, taking into consideration people with special needs.\n\n\n - **Safety** : Ensure the digital safety of communications with interlocutors based on a risk analysis\n\nsensitive to the different implications of digital safety/access to different groups, depending on their\n\ngender, age and other factors. This could include agreeing on safe means of communication, as well\n\nas triggers that would interrupt remote communication.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Data protection:** Protection and humanitarian partners to ensure that a data protection mechanism\n\nis in place and efficient, as sensitive protection information may now be exchanged through\n\nphone/digital means, rather than face-to-face. Agree on how to obtain safe and informed consent\n\nfrom remote correspondents and ensure the confidentiality of the information exchanged (as\n\nnecessary).\n\n\n - **Coordination** **and collaboration** : Partners to coordinate with colleagues and other actors who may be\n\nsetting up remote community engagement. Consider partnerships that could facilitate the\n\ntechnological aspect of remote programing.\n\n\n - **Referral pathways:** Partners to ensure that community members are able to contact service\n\nproviders and safely access necessary services. For example, initial consultations may take place by\n\nphone, or prescriptions may be delivered by courier rather than in-person at a clinic. GBV survivors\n\nmay not be able to get to safe houses or to flee without permission to travel, but sector members\n\nmay be able to negotiate passes with relevant authorities.\n\n\n**On the protection response**\n\n\n - **Protection from COVID-19:** Protection and humanitarian partners to support the protection of\n\ncommunities, staff and partners from COVID-19 transmission. This could include putting in place safe\n\nalternatives to, or safety measures for, meetings, outreach visits and face-to-face interactions;\n\nestablishing handwashing stations in places convenient for the community; and the provision of\n\npersonal protective equipment.\n\n - **Technical support:** Protection and humanitarian partners to provide technical support to communities\n\nin the development of community protection plans and contingency plans for COVID-19. This could\n\ninclude support to map health facilities and resources, establish communication trees, identify at-risk\n\ngroups and put in place processes for community-led responses.\n\n - **Social cohesion:** Protection and humanitarian partners to support communities\u2019 isolation and\n\nsolidarity strategies, as well as other collective efforts and self-protection mechanisms in response to\n\nCOVID-19. Bear in mind the need to strengthen social cohesion, challenge stigmatization and\n\nmitigate potential incidents of violence.\n\n\u27a2 Support isolation strategies to allow for the protection of the most vulnerable. This could\n\ninclude supporting communities and partners to establish and promote safe isolation\n\nspaces that could counter domestic/intimate partner violence or child or elder abuse.\n\n\u27a2 Support solidarity strategies to allow community members to voice protection concerns.\n\nSolidarity strategies may include community groups assisting vulnerable households with\n\ncommunication systems that help them voice their needs. They should include discreet\n\nmeans to flag sensitive needs and concerns, so as to allow for victims of abuses to safely\n\nreport their situation.\n\n\u27a2 Understand self-protection mechanisms to allow for the identification of positive and\n\nnegative community strategies. By increasing the burden on communities to ensure their\n\nown protection, movement restrictions and other measures in response to COVID-19 will\n\nlikely increase the burden on communities to ensure their own protection, and thus also\n\ncontribute to a proliferation of negative coping strategies, especially in contexts marked by\n\nlack of access to services, resources and livelihoods like in rural areas in Syria.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Access to quality and reliable information:** Protection partners to ensure community protection\n\nactors have safe access to quality information that may be essential to communities\u2019 survival and\n\ncoping mechanisms, as well as to avoid the stigmatization and further marginalization of certain\n\ngroups.\n\n\u27a2 Information on the pandemic itself, such as existing response measures and their\n\nimplications for specific communities, or on the development of the outbreak or scientific\n\ndiscoveries about the virus.\n\n\u27a2 Information on services still available and how to access them safely.\n\n\u27a2 Information on how to use certain technologies essential to ensuring remote programing,\n\nincluding for those not familiar with certain technologies or with limited literacy (which\n\ndisproportionately affects women, elderly, disabled people and some minority groups).\n\n\u27a2 Information on the whereabouts of \u2013 or facilitating direct contact with \u2013 relatives\n\nundergoing treatment for COVID-19, which may reduce the psychological toll of such\n\nseparation. In cases where children are separated from their primary caregivers, ensure\n\ncontinuation of care to children. Information systems should align with community\n\nengagement strategies and support communities to check facts and track rumors.\n\n - **Access to adequate resources:** Protection and humanitarian partners to ensure that communities\n\nhave the necessary resources to ensure their own protection, including:\n\n\u27a2 Communication resources, such as posters, portable radios, phones, phone credit, free\n\nWi-Fi hotspots and even megaphones.\n\n\u27a2 Resources necessary for the implementation of specific CBP activities, including cash. This\n\ntype of support shall include collaborative action with other sectors for the provision of\n\nresources to compensate for the lack of access to livelihoods and basic needs, exacerbated\n\nby COVID-19, in view of strengthening communities\u2019 overall resilience.\n\n - **Raising voices:** Protection and humanitarian partners should support communities in voicing and\n\nadvocating for their own needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, communities may be less able to\n\nraise their concerns directly with authorities. Therefore, protection and humanitarian partners should\n\noffer communities the possibility of raising their needs on their behalf, through representations and\n\ncoordination with local authorities, conflict actors and other duty bearers \u2013 or through public\n\nadvocacy campaigns. They shall make an active effort to reach and amplify the voices of communities\n\nwho may have not previously been supported by or had contact with humanitarian actors.\n\n\n**On community engagement and community-based protection**\n\n\nPeople affected by crises are the experts on, and the first responders to, their own needs \u2013 including\n\nprotection needs. Community-based protection (CBP) is about using international protection resources \u2013\n\nfunding, technical support, influence and networks \u2013 to enhance existing and support new community\n\ncapacities and efforts to ensure their own protection, while holding duty bearers to account for their\n\nprotection responsibilities. The COVID-19 outbreak draws attention to the pivotal role communities play as\n\nhumanitarians. It necessitates greater efforts from the formal humanitarian system to support them, as\n\ncommunities will inevitably be the ones overwhelmingly responsible for humanitarian responses during the\n\npandemic. The focus on communities\u2019 own responses to protection concerns during COVID-19 should not\n\novershadowed by the protection partners.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The protection sector in Syria will prioritize community-based protection and community engagement in the**\n\n**response plan. Protection partners in Syria are requested to ensure the community participation and**\n\n**engagement in their future programing. Funding and resources managed by the protection sector will only**\n\n**prioritize partners who provide evidence of their community engagement and participation.**\n\n#### 5.2Community centers (static facilities)\n\n\nCommunity centers (CCs) \u2013 including child friendly spaces and women safe spaces \u2013 continue to be regarded\n\nas safe and public places where women, men, boys and girls of diverse backgrounds can meet for social\n\nevents, recreation, education and livelihood programs, information exchange, and other purposes. They are\n\nestablished with the main objective of empowering displaced, conflict-affected and host communities and\n\nproviding them with a forum to participate in decisions that affect their lives. CCs form a critical part of the\n\nprotection sector strategy in Syria to ensure that communities remain at the center of service provision and\n\ncommunity-based activities, including for IDPs, returnees, conflict-affected and host communities, children,\n\nyouth and women.\n\n\nIn principle, CCs can include all safe and public places where protection response activities occur for the\n\nbenefit of conflict-affected and host populations. CCs provide access to a wide variety of services and\n\nprograms that cater to people of different ages, genders and diversity profiles in the same location. This is\n\nparticularly convenient for displaced and conflict-affected persons, whose mobility may be hampered by\n\ndistance, transportation costs or security concerns, in particular in hard-to-reach areas and urban\n\ncommunities.\n\n\n - The majority of the CCs have a reception area, where information about the beneficiaries and their\n\nneeds are collected. The protection sector and AoRs should revise the registration system to ensure\n\nthat vulnerabilities are captured and linked/referred to other services including, cash, food, non-food\n\nand other services.\n\n - Protection partners should ensure that CCs and outreach teams have referral systems in place where\n\ncases can be refereed to state and non-state services outside the centers. The protection sector is\n\ncurrently working on developing the referral system and update the 3Ws including state and non\nstate actors\u2019 services in all districts.\n\n - Protection sector and protection partners should improve relation/referral systems with non\nprotection actors especially livelihoods, early recovery, shelter, NFIs and food sectors.\n\n - GBV AoR should revise/evaluate the vocational trainings modality in CCs (in particular women\u2019s safe\n\nspaces). We need to look beyond sewing trainings and link the trainings provided in the centers to\n\naccess to markets and income generation activities.\n\n - Rationalization of CCs\u2019 approach including reducing cost, such as through rehabilitate community\n\nservices centers owned by Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor and NGOs and municipalities. To\n\nreduce cost and ensure effectiveness of CCs, cluster lead agencies and protection partners should\n\nalso consider inter-agency CCs where costs and activities are shared.\n\n - Protection partners to consider multifunctional outreach teams where health, civil documentation\n\nand protection work together and provide outreach activities together.\n\n - Protection partners to ensure safety protocol is implemented in their CCs to avoid putting vulnerable\n\npersons at further risk. Partners are also advised to re-prioritize their activities implemented in the\n\nCCs to ensure the delivery of essential protection activities including case management, mental\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration system", - "confidence": 0.9615251421928406, - "start": 330, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "information about the beneficiaries and their\n\nneeds", - "confidence": 0.5440412163734436, - "start": 312, - "end": 319 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5437757968902588, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection sector", - "confidence": 0.6994747519493103, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.8524660468101501, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), GBV and CP activities. Other essential activities can be\n\ndelivered by the outreach teams to ensure reaching older persons and persons with disabilities.\n\n#### 5.3Delivering protection assistance to the most vulnerable persons in hard to reach areas\n\n\nMany of the most vulnerable persons/ groups are located in hard-to-reach areas where services are still limited\n\nand partners face challenges related to lack of electricity, lack of phone network and lack of access to internet\n\nnetwork. To enable protection partners to continue assistance to the most vulnerable persons:\n\n\n - Protection partners should ensure that field staff in hard-to-reach areas are trained on remote work\n\nmodalities, they receive standard operating procedures, and they have all relevant guidance.\n\n - Protection partners should provide field staff, outreach and community volunteers with all\n\ncommunication equipment, including smartphones, laptops, as well as ensure they have efficient\n\nphone credit and 3G access, as well as ensure they have access to alternative power sources such as\n\nsolar lamps, generators and battery. All these materials/ resources will enable staff and partners to\n\ncontinue delivering protection activities. Donors are also advised to increase the budgets for support\n\nrelated activities.\n\n - Protection partners should increase individual protection assistance to achieve protection outcomes\n\nthrough preventive and responsive material and financial assistance to households and individuals at\n\nrisk.\n\n\n**On disability and age inclusion**\n\n\nOlder persons and persons with disabilities (PwD) are more vulnerable and less empowered than other\n\nmembers in the community and they continue to have specific protection needs, including in accessing services,\n\nin securing personal documentation, and in reuniting with family members; they are prone to verbal violence\n\nand are often marginalized by family members. Despite the known vulnerabilities of PwD and older people,\n\ntheir needs are not always adequately taken into account in programing, resulting in access barriers to much\n\nneeded assistance. During the COVID-19 pandemic many community centers stopped providing group\n\nassistance including psychosocial support (PSS) activities to older persons as a protective measure and this\n\nimpacted the humanitarian and protection situation of this vulnerable group. To ensure inclusion of older\n\npersons and PwD in their response during COVID-19 protection and humanitarian partners should:\n\n\n - Foster disability inclusion, i.e., the effective access and participation of persons with disabilities in all\n\nhumanitarian activities.\n\n - Ensure mainstreaming of disability, i.e., the process of incorporating protection principles and\n\npromoting meaningful access, safety and dignity of PwD in all programs.\n\n - Increase outreach protection activities targeting older persons and PwD, e.g., door-to-door activities.\n\n - Increase funding and support to community/youth lead initiatives targeting older persons and PwD.\n\n - Ensure case management systems and referral pathways include older persons and PwD.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Protection and non-protection partners should **increase individual protection assistance to achieve**\n\n**protection outcomes** through preventive and responsive material and financial assistance to older\n\npersons and PwD.\n\n - Increase/ expand on the MHPSS activities targeting elderly and people with disabilities.\n\n\n_The community in rural Homs took the initiative to help 60 people with disabilities staying safe by making sure they have easy_\n\n_access to sanitizer during COVID-19. They installed sterilizer cans on wheelchairs so it\u2019s a reach away. Image credit: UNHCR_\n\n_Syria_ .\n\n\n**On child protection**\n\n\nWhile the virus predominantly threatens the health of older people and those with underlying medical\n\nconditions, children are again on the frontline of the impact of the virus regarding aspects other than health.\n\nChildren are deprived from the sense of normality which most of them just started to regain in Syria; schools\n\nwere closed with very limited access to other child friendly activities. Stress and anxiety of both children and\n\nparents resulted in the increase of violence, abuse, bullying and negative coping mechanisms. Family\n\nseparation (due to quarantine or death) surfaced as a concern and family reunification for UASC became more\n\nchallenging. To ensure the protection of children during COVID-19 child protection and humanitarian\n\npartners should:\n\n\n - Improve and update information on availability of services i.e., service mapping and hotlines.\n\n - Provide positive parenting programs and PSS activities for children and caregivers.\n\n - Improve remote identification of children at high risk and link them with case management providers.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Improve coordination among service providers to reduce duplication and improve quality and\n\navailability of services.\n\n - Focus on community-based initiatives to support children to cope with current situation.\n\n\n**On gender-based violence (GBV)**\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the risk and vulnerability situation for women and girls. Restrictions\n\nput in place to limit the spread of the virus inhibit women and girls\u2019 access to services and ultimately curtail\n\ntheir rights and in turn, have been linked to an increase in GBV within the home, including intimate partner\n\nand family violence against women and children. GBV reduces the resilience of survivors to the humanitarian\n\ncrisis and any shock. To ensure the protection of women and girls from gender-based violence during COVID\n19 GBV and humanitarian partners should:\n\n\n - Mainstream measures to mitigate GBV in humanitarian responses in 2021 response plans and\n\nCOVID-19 operational response plans.\n\n - Adopt a combination of remote and in-person service provision in order to reduce the impact of\n\nCOVID-19 restrictions to GBV survivors and those at risks of GBV.\n\n - Address funding gaps threatening the continuity of services at existing Safe Spaces. Additional funds\n\nare needed to continue serving GBV survivors with case management, PSS and emergency shelters.\n\n - Improve messaging on the linkages between COVID-19 and GBV in communities to create awareness\n\nand protect women and girls from gender-based violence.\n\n - Increase outreach activities targeting women and girls in hard-to-reach areas using an integration of\n\nreproductive health mobile teams;\n\n - Continue procurement and distribution of dignity kits as a life-saving provision.\n\n - Prioritize consulting with women and girls during COVID-19 rapid assessments to understand and\n\nmitigate the impact of the pandemic on women and girls.\n\n - Ensure that ethical and confidential referral pathways are strengthened between service providers.\n\n\n**On mine action**\n\n\nExplosive ordnances (EO) are not less threatening in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. People who\n\nhave lost their employment during the pandemic may be forced to adopt risk-taking behavior patterns to\n\ngenerate income, such as scrap metal collection, truffle picking, and farming on potentially contaminated land.\n\nContinuing disseminating awareness messages and indicating safety behaviors to adopt is essential to\n\nmitigate the risk and reinforce communities\u2019 resilience.\n\n\nLack of access to services, suspension of protection and humanitarian activities and local measures to prevent\n\nthe spread of COVID-19 could further disrupt access to basic services, treatment, and rehabilitation for\n\nsurvivors of EO incidents and PwD. EO survivors and persons with PwD are particularly vulnerable and should\n\ncontinue benefiting from basic support services that sustain their life in dignity. To ensure protection from EO\n\nand access to protection and other humanitarian services for EO survivors and PwD mine action and\n\nhumanitarian partners should:\n\n\n - Continue disseminating life-saving awareness messages and encouraging safe behavior practices,\n\nincluding trough remote modalities (such as WhatsApp and Telegram groups, social media etc.).\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Ensure risk education facilitators are trained on providing information on preventive measures related\n\nto COVID-19 and to include COVID-19 prevention and awareness key messages during EO risk\n\neducation sessions.\n\n - Mainstream mine risk awareness messages into other protection response activities, for example by\n\nmaking risk awareness materials available in community centers, static and mobile units, and all other\n\nfacilities providing protection services, and by including awareness leaflets in kits distribution.\n\n - Monitor and collect information on the needs of survivors of explosive incidents.\n\n - Participate in sectors\u2019 service mapping exercise and provide information on services available to\n\nsurvivors of explosive incidents.\n\n - Reinforce referral pathways to ensure that survivors of explosive incidents and their families have\n\naccess to services and are given adequate support tailored to their needs\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a7cc5a6-d6a8-3030-b25b-bc3db0498bc9/The%20impact%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20protection%20activities%20and%20on%20vulnerable%20groups%20in%20Syria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_669/raw/doc_669_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_669/raw/doc_669_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c87cea4147978747d104d983e3343a091178668d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_669/raw/doc_669_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **A SYNTHESIS PAPER TO INFORM IMPLEMENTATION OF THE** **GLOBAL REFUGEE COMPACT - 2019**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n**Ethiopia\u2019s refugee population is not only one of the largest in Africa, but also one of the most complex,**\n**divided between very different groups of refugees living in very different parts of the country.**\n\n\nThe challenge of reforming the refugee programme that the Government of Ethiopia has set itself since 2016 is\ntherefore uniquely challenging. This synthesis report, organised against the four objectives of the Government\u2019s\ndraft National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (NCRRS), assesses the state of evidence and\nknowledge across more than 60 studies and policy documents. It makes recommendations focussed on the\ndevelopment of a common research agenda and a common narrative for future implementation.\n\n\n**The varying contexts of the refugee operation across Ethiopia informs a key point that cuts across all**\n**four of the NCRRS objectives: the need for granular analysis and understanding that takes local factors**\n**into consideration. Although tempting from a policy perspective, Ethiopia\u2019s refugee programme will not**\n**allow for one size fits all answers.**\n\n\nAlthough tempting from a policy perspective, Ethiopia\u2019s refugee programme will not allow for one size fits all\nanswers. Overall, there is an identified need for a more bottom-up policy development process and, in particular,\none that seeks to foreground more prominently the perspectives, wishes and interests of refugees and Ethiopian\ncitizens in refugee hosting regions. There has been an unfortunate lack of consultation and engagement with\nthose actors who will be most impacted by the proposed changes, who are therefore unable to shape how the\nnew instruments being shaped by the CRRF are formulated at national level.\n\n\n**There has been a focus on the \u201cwhat\u201d of the reform process, with a particular focus on areas such as**\n**livelihoods programming and education that are attracting the greatest levels of new investment, and**\n**less on the \u201chow\u201d.**\n\n\nA number of transitions are implied by the proposed changes, but these transitions have not been clearly\nelaborated. This risks creating an environment where large numbers of new actors initiate new programming\napproaches without clarity over accountability and coordination, creating confusion and uncertainty at local levels.\n\n\n**Seeking to explore options for these transitions should therefore be an area of future focus, with the first**\n**objective of the NCRSS (focused on capacities across the system) providing a useful anchor**\n\n\nWork in this area should look at both existing and required capacities for management, oversight and coordination\nof different kinds of programmes. It should assess how the traditional activities of the refugee programme in\nparticular regions fit into the wider context of service delivery and livelihoods to understand what appropriate\ngovernance arrangements could look like. It will also need to focus on options for managing an increasingly\ncomplex portfolio of humanitarian and development financing, and how these funds can best be brought together.\n\n\n**Another key issue highlight for future research is engaging more with informal realities in different parts**\n**of the country, rather than theoretical models**\n\n\nThere is a high degree of variation in how refugees live in different locations, and the informal options available to\nthem to support their daily lives. These variations can be obscured if research does not explicitly seek to move\nbeyond the traditional assumptions of refugee programming, and find ways to encourage refugees to openly\ndiscuss how they navigate existing restrictions.\n\n\n\n**Geographically, the paper has found high levels of variation across the country. The greatest concentration**\n**of research in recent years has been on the camps in Somali Region (both to the north and south) and**\n**Shire, with far less on those in Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz.**\n\n\nWhile the refugee populations in those regions are lower than elsewhere, there may be important lessons and\nexperiences from these locations that are being missed. There is also a significant risk of research fatigue and\nfrustration from those camps who have been the subject of the most research, such as Kebrebeyah in Somali\nRegional State.\n\n\n**At the heart of any process to take forwards a common research agenda should be an effort to**\n**contextualise key concepts that underpin the reform.**\n\n\nUnderstanding what terms like self-reliance and local integration mean in the Ethiopian context, in a way that\nresponds to local realities and is informed by local perspectives, would help address some of the identified\nchallenges. Such a process would need to take place under the leadership of ARRA, with a clear structure in\nplace to coordinate and maximise the available resources. A minimum standard, or set of standard protocols,\nfor refugee-related research might be of value, as would be building on existing efforts to develop centralised\nresearch resources.\n\n\nSouth Sudanese refugees walk through Jewi refugee camp in Ethiopia\n\nCredit: UNHCR\n\n\n\n1 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### INTRODUCTION\n\nThis synthesis paper is designed to inform future policymaking and programming in relation to Ethiopian government\nand international support to refugees. Specifically, it aspires to enable the development of a common narrative among\nthe key refugee stakeholders in Ethiopia about how best to support displacement and durable solutions processes\nin the country, informed by evidence drawn from existing literature. The synthesis paper is set out in line with the\nGovernment of Ethiopia draft ten-year National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (NCRRS), at a time\nof transition for the Ethiopian refugee operation. The new legal framework passed by the Ethiopian parliament in\nFebruary 2019 creates significant opportunities for developing a more sustainable and effective response that meets\nthe needs of refugees and the local populations living in proximity to them.\n\n\nIt is hoped that this synthesis paper provides those developing these new approaches with easier access to the\nrelevant research that has already been undertaken and helps identify key gaps in need of further exploration. For\nease of navigation, the synthesis paper is structured around the four objectives laid out in the NCRRS.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis synthesis paper is also intended to act as an entry point to the significant body of work upon which it draws,\nanalyses, and references. Key documents are noted throughout the text, particularly those that are relevant to\nthe NCRRS. Links for online access to these documents are also provided. The focus of this paper is on current\npublicly available work, although upcoming studies of particular value are also referenced. All these studies, and\n[more, are included in the Ethiopian government Knowledge Management Database (available here), which has](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1axi-OfMvtZrtoLCggfoermuO3Qnb0UaXBtoiyzKDBXA/edit?usp=sharing)\nbeen developed with ReDSS support.\n\n\n###### **AIM OF THE STUDY**\n\nThe primary aim of this synthesis paper is to support the development of a common research agenda for the CRRF\nand Global Refugee Compact (GRC) process as well as inform the implementation of NCRSS in Ethiopia, with an\nemphasis on better linking evidence from the ground with policymaking processes. [1]\n\n\nThe synthesis paper is organised as follows. The next section provides a short overview of the current refugee\nsituation in Ethiopia. Following that, section three highlights key themes, identifies critical research gaps, and makes\nrecommendations for the development of a common research agenda. The remainder of the synthesis paper is the\nmain body of this study, analysing relevant literature across the four objectives of the NCRRS. Finally, a methodology\nsection explaining the process followed to produce this paper is annexed.\n\n\nSouth Sudanese refugee children prepare a meal at Jewi refugee camp in Ethiopia\n\nCredit: UNHCR\n\n\n1 This is in line with the research, analysis, and knowledge management pillar that defines ReDSS work: to increase the availability, accessibility, and utilisation of\n\nrelevant and timely analysis and information on durable solutions. The core objective is also formulated based on feedback from key stakeholders to the Ethiopian\nrefugee response, and is fully aligned with their needs and interests.\n\n\n\n3 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NCRRS", - "confidence": 0.6501260995864868, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ethiopian government Knowledge Management Database", - "confidence": 0.6139054298400879, - "start": 287, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ReDSS", - "confidence": 0.515570878982544, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### REFUGEES IN ETHIOPIA: AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION\n\nAs of November 2019, there were 705,820 refugees in Ethiopia, distributed around the country as illustrated in the\nmap. [2]\n\n\nThis makes Ethiopia one of the largest refugee hosting countries in Africa, as it has been for many years as a result\nof conflicts and droughts in the region. Indeed Ethiopia prides itself on its hospitality to outsiders, citing a history that\nspans centuries of hosting those in need of shelter and support. [3] Most refugees in Ethiopia live in the peripheral areas\nof the country where they share ethnicity, language, and kinship ties with those across the border from their countries\nof origin. Since the 1960s and 1970s, in recognition of the burden that large numbers of refugees would place on\nalready poor populations, the Ethiopian government has pursued an encampment policy, mandating the Agency\nfor Refugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA) to work with UNHCR to provide humanitarian support to meet the basic\nneeds of the refugees in these camps. [4] There have also been restrictions on the right of refugees to move across the\ncountry or find employment, although in practice the experience of refugees has been varied. In 2010, an exception\nwas made to this when the government introduced an out-of-camp policy. To date, this has almost exclusively been\nmade available to Eritrean refugees, providing that particular cohort with greater freedom of movement, although not\nthe right to work.\n\n\nIn 2016, the government made a series of pledges to reform these policies, in recognition of the potential advantages\nto all of finding alternative mechanisms to promote refugee self-reliance and support host community populations.\nThese pledges drew both on in-country experiences, for example the IKEA Foundation funded activity in the Somali\nRegional State, and on the global policy discussions that led to the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework\n(CRRF) and the Global Compact for Refugees (GCR). Since then, the government has issued a roadmap document\n(2017) formalising the pledges agreed in 2016, drafted the NCRRS (2018), and passed new refugee legislation\n(2019). During 2018 and 2019, ARRA also underwent major restructuring, both internally and in terms of its place in\ngovernment as it came under the oversight of the newly created Ministry of Peace. In December 2019, the Government\nof Ethiopia was one of five co-hosts of the Global Refugee Forum in Geneva, and made a further series of pledges.\n\n\nKey policy documents are highlighted in the text box. Implementing these will involve significant changes in the\nworking of the Ethiopian refugee operation and, as ARRA leadership has said, this will require a significant emphasis\non research and knowledge development to ensure that an evidence-based approach can be taken. To this end, as\npart of ARRA restructuring, a new team focused on research was created to strengthen this component of their work.\n\n\n**Key policy documents related to the CRRF, nationally and globally**\n\n - Refugees Proclamation No. 1110/2019, GoE, 2019 https://www.refworld.org/docid/44e04ed14.html\n\n - Roadmap for the implementation of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Government Pledges\nand the practical application of the CRRF in Ethiopia, GoE/ARRA, 2017 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/\ndocuments/download/62655\n\n - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (Draft\ndocument), GoE, 2019\n\n - Ethiopia Country Refugee Response Plan: The integrated response plan for refugees from Eritrea, Sudan,\nSouth Sudan and Somalia, January 2019\u2013December 2020, UNHCR, 2019a https://reliefweb.int/sites/\nreliefweb.int/fles/resources/73571.pdf\n\n - Global Compact on Refugees (A/73/12, Part II), UN General Assembly, 2018 https://www.unhcr.org/\nthe-global-compact-on-refugees.html\n\n - New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants (A/RES/71/1), UN General Assembly, 2016 https://\nrefugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration\n\n\n - Government of Ethiopia regional action plans, under development\n\n\n### COMMON THEMES, RESEARCH GAPS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n###### **COMMON THEMES**\n\nA number of common themes have emerged from this synthesis, across all four objectives of the NCRRS.\n\n\n## **1** **2** **3** **4**\n\n\n\nThere are often **significant gaps between the formal policies and systems of the refugee operation**\n**and the actual realities** of how these policies have been implemented in different parts of the country. This\nis partly a result of officials adapting to the practical and political realities of delivering support to refugees in\noften challenging environments. It is also partly the inevitable consequence of large numbers of people finding\nthe best ways to support themselves and their families in difficult circumstances, whether these fall within the\ncurrent rules of the system. This presents a significant challenge to the implementation of policy reform, as it\nrisks being based on theoretical assumptions rather than practical realities: an obvious example is the common\nassumption that refugees are wholly reliant on aid because they have not been allowed to work, when in fact\nmany refugees do find ways to earn income for themselves. It can also be challenging to unearth these realities\nif refugees and hosts fear that exposing them may risk the benefits they currently receive. Research therefore\nneeds to be carefully designed to flesh out such complex realities and bring the differences within and across\ndifferent groups to the fore. A mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches allows for these nuances to\nemerge.\n\n\nThis informality is also highly contextual, with an **enormous degree of variety between different parts**\n**of the country, between different refugee groups,** and even within camps of the same refugee group.\nWhile commonalities do exist, the challenge for policymakers is to avoid making any assumptions about how\nregulatory changes or individual interventions might impact on a specific group of refugees. The factors involved\nare multiple and include: location, ethnicity and clan; length of stay; cultural influences; livelihood background;\nand politics. This also applies to host communities, with even the term \u201chost communities\u201d unlikely to be helpful\nin understanding local complexities. Where the burden (and opportunity) of refugee hosting falls alters from\nlocation to location\u2014again for a wide range of reasons\u2014and all actors should keep an open mind in terms\nof understanding these dynamics. Certainly, definitions of refugee hosting based on geographical proximity\nshould be challenged. This should also never be the only factor considered. The key distinctions to understand\nare the ways that being a refugee or an Ethiopian citizen in refugee hosting areas shape the opportunities and\nconstraints available to individuals and their communities. Given the concerns that have rightly been raised\nabout the risks of raising tensions and provoking conflict in remote parts of the country, getting this right is\nparticularly important.\n\n\nThe **views of refugees and the Ethiopian communities that host them are inadequately represented**\n**in the available research, with many policies and approaches being rolled out from Addis Ababa** and\noutside the country by national and international policymakers that, at best, have spent limited amounts of time\nin the key locations. While these groups are very mixed, with a range of interests and perspectives, the sense\nof frustration with a process that they hear about but cannot understand or see any tangible outcomes from is\ngrowing. Bringing those people who are at the heart of the CRRF more fully into the centre of decision-making\nand design would likely ensure that local complexities are better understood and catered for. This also applies\nto the design and implementation of research programmes, which is rarely carried out with the participation of\nthose on the ground.\n\n\nResearch tends to fall into one of two categories: those studies that seek to provide an overview of the CRRF\nas a whole but at a fairly high level; or those that are tied to very specific programmes or policy areas. This risks\nfailing to address **critical linkages between different policy areas at an adequately granular level** . For\nexample, research focused on self-reliance tends to emphasise livelihood and economic issues but without\nconsidering socio-political dynamics at different levels, the relationship with access to different kind of services,\nor other forms of rights and protections. There is a need for all involved in research in this sector to reflect on\nwhere these linkages matter most and to ensure that work is being done to understand key interdependencies.\nThe greater emphasis on area-based planning envisaged by the NCRRS suggests that work that considers\nthese linkages more fully will be increasingly important.\n\n\n\n5 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **5** **6** **7**\n\n\n\nThere is **much more emphasis to date on the what of transforming the refugee operation, and less on**\n**the** _**how**_ . The government ambition, stated in the 2017 roadmap, of ending camp-based assistance within a\ndecade implies a large number of legal, financial, and practical transitions for refugees, for host populations,\nand for policymakers at all levels. Yet there is a lack of clarity over the nature of these transitions: of how roles\nand responsibilities will change; of where accountability will lie; and of precisely how the entitlements and\nobligations of refugees may shift. There is a particular gap in understanding the financial implications, with\nthe nexus narrative sometimes being taken to mean that there should be a transition away from humanitarian\nto development funds. None of these transitions are straightforward, however. In the case of funding, for\nexample, the key question is not of a shift from one to another but of how they can be blended to best meet\nneeds in the new landscape created by the policy reform. Serious work is therefore required on the part of all\nactors to help define what these transitions could and should look like and agreeing on their roles. Such an\neffort should also assist with clarifying how key contested terms such as \u201cself-reliance\u201d and \u201clocal integration\u201d\nare to be understood in the Ethiopian context.\n\n\nAcross the board, **inadequate coordination**, particularly at the policy and implementation levels, is a key\ntheme. Given the entrance of a number of new actors in the refugee policy space, this is perhaps unsurprising.\nNonetheless, inadequate coordination needs to be addressed quickly to ensure the best use of limited\nresources. The transitioning of the current refugee coordination model to a functional CRRF coordination\nmechanism remains a challenge. The delays in approving the NCRSS and agreeing a clear accountability\nstructure for implementation that brings all the key actors together has slowed progress on discussion of\ncritical detail in each of the relevant sectors.\n\n\nThe number of **similar or potentially complementary pieces of research and analysis that are being**\n**undertaken without adequate reference to one another** is striking. This is partly a function of the differing\nstarting points this body of research takes, with some being tied to specific projects, others to particular policy\nissues, and yet others of a more purely academic nature. A related challenge is that much research is not\nmade fully accessible in the public domain by those who commission it. Data is also inconsistently gathered;\nfor example, in terms of disaggregation across key categories. While full coordination of this effort may be\nunachievable given the range of stakeholders involved, it would be of benefit to all actors to find ways to better\nlink up this work.\n\n\n\n**Objective 3** (strengthening individual capacities through improved public services) has also been subject\nto a considerable amount of research and analysis, given that it is an area of significant external involvement\nthrough projects and programmes. Much of this research is, however, tied to specific interventions. It is\nnoted that there has been a particular focus on education, with less research conducted on other service\ndelivery sub-sectors such as health, child protection, nutrition, and WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene)\u2014\ndespite the considerable investments being made in these areas. In relation to existing practice, the key\nrequirement is for **more research related to appropriate governance models for more integrated**\n**service delivery systems**, both from within Ethiopia and from other countries. Research is also needed\non **the impact of such integrated models on access** **and quality** . As new approaches are tested in\nfuture, it will be important to build robust research components into them to ensure that their impacts\nare fully understood. There is also a critical need to **undertake more research into effective pathways**\n**to transitions out of humanitarian assistance programming in both Ethiopia and the region**, to\ninform design of the new approaches envisaged around more targeted humanitarian assistance and\npublic workfare programmes. The challenge of providing sustainable and effective safety nets that meet\nthe needs of both refugees and Ethiopian host communities will be considerable, and the best possible\nevidence must be made available.\n\n\n**Objective 4** (voluntary repatriation and resettlement) has had less dedicated research, particularly with\na focus on resettlement and voluntary repatriation, although a wider durable solutions lens indicates that\nthere has been a larger amount of work focused on local integration. Much of the research that has been\ndone in reference to refugee intentions also risks being skewed by the dominance of particular policy\nagendas, notably the strong emphasis of European donors on reducing informal migration flows out of\nthe Horn of Africa. There is therefore scope for a new research agenda to be developed in this area **that**\n**works with refugees to understand in more depth the complex choices and trade-offs they make**\n**when considering whether, how, and when to move, and their aspirations for the future, and how**\n**appropriate policy responses can be determined to best engage with these choices** . This will be\nparticularly important in those parts of the country where the focus of many refugees remains international\nresettlement. Such work should hopefully allow for more informed policies to be developed around socioeconomic integration. The Ethiopian government may also wish to identify different channels to promote\nadvocacy with developed countries over increasing resettlement numbers.\n\n\n**Objective 1** (capacity and systems to manage sustainable responses) has undoubtedly had the least\nfocus in terms of research, which reinforces the point made above about the need for more of a focus on\nthe **how** of NCRRS implementation. A particular requirement under this objective, as policy evolves, will\nbe **capacity assessments for the various stakeholders to ensure they can take on new roles and**\n**responsibilities under the agreed model for implementation of the NCRRS** . Research could also\nbe undertaken to determine **appropriate accountability and governance models**, including those that\nprovide a strong voice to refugees themselves. Finally, critical to this objective is **a fuller understanding**\n**on the financial implications of likely future financing trends**, for both humanitarian and development\nfunds, to allow for the design of an appropriate and sustainable displacement financing architecture that\nmakes best use of the different funding streams.\n\n\nFrom a **geographical perspective**, there are also clear research imbalances. For example, **Afar** is particularly underresearched, which seems like a missed opportunity given the potentially promising practices reported there by the\nlimited research that has been done. **Benishangul-Gumuz** and **Gambella** have also had less focus than other\nregions. The **Somali Region** has been most saturated with research, followed by work with the Eritrean refugees in\nthe **Tigray** region, particularly with reference to livelihoods and economic issues. The considerable policy focus on\nirregular migration among Eritrean refugees also has a somewhat skewing effect on the nature of research relating to\nShire and Eritrean refugees in Addis Ababa.\n\n\n###### **KEY RESEARCH GAPS AND RECOMMENDED FOCUS AREAS**\n\nA number of thematic and geographical gaps emerge as a result of the literature review upon which this synthesis\npaper is based. These gaps point to areas where future research efforts might be best prioritised across the four\nobjectives of the NCRRS. There is also a clear hierarchy among the four objectives in terms of the breadth of research\nalready undertaken. There is also a clear hierarchy among the four objectives in terms of the breadth of research\nalready undertaken. Moving from the most researched area to the least, this section highlights **key thematic gaps**\n**and recommended priorities** in relation to each objective.\n\n\nThe activities that relate to **Objective 2** (access to livelihoods and job opportunities) have been the focus\nof most studies, particularly in the last two to three years. This is unsurprising, given that this area has\nbeen the focus of the majority of new programming related to the CRRF. The work to date has been little\ncoordinated, leading to anomalies such as multiple labour market assessments being conducted in Jigjiga\nover a very short period of time. As the livelihood and self-reliance sector develops, it will be important\nto have a stronger framework for organising work in this area. Government leadership will be critical to\nmaking this happen. As it becomes clearer how the new Refugee Proclamation will be implemented,\nthis should also become more coherent as roles and responsibilities are clarified at different levels. Such\nvision should then assist in the determination of priority research areas and employment sectors across\nthe country. It will undoubtedly be critical to focus more on **potential ways to engage the private**\n**sector**, exploring how lessons from elsewhere in East Africa where there has been more progress can\nbe applied to the very particular Ethiopian context. For example, there may be lessons to learn from the\nincreasing involvement of Equity Bank Kenya Limited in providing financial services to refugees in Kenya\nand Uganda. It also will be important to ensure **a good balance between research focused on the**\n**formal and informal sector**, given the importance of the latter to refugees across the country.\n\n\n\n7 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING A COMMON RESEARCH** **AGENDA**\n\nThis synthesis paper confirms the need for a common research agenda to underpin implementation of the new\ngovernment refugee strategy, with such an initiative having the potential to lead to more coordinated and coherent\nimplementation in line with a shared narrative. Of the existing research, much was conducted before the introduction\nof the CRRF framework, or addresses very specific agendas or issues in line with the priorities of the commissioning\nentity. Lack of coherence is a contributing factor in the confusion and uncertainty that has been expressed by many\nactors about what is intended in the coming years. A more common research agenda in Ethiopia should not only lead\nto more evidence-based decision making but also provide a better platform for Ethiopia to share its lessons with the\nrest of the world.\n\n\nA good starting point for this work would be a **collective effort, led by government, to develop a more contextually**\n**driven understanding of key concepts** at the heart of the reform process. Standard definitions are likely to be of\nlimited use in driving good decision-making, and it is for this reason that this report does not have a glossary of such\nterms. At the same time, this synthesis paper reveals key terms in particular need of more work, and research should\nbe undertaken to improve both collective understanding and future implementation. These include:\n\n\n**Self-reliance** While the broad outlines of this concept can be framed by standard definitions, the detail of\nhow it should be understood in the context of refugees living in parts of Ethiopia where formal\nemployment is extremely hard to find is difficult to pin down. Underlying the push for self-reliance\nis an assumption that refugees cannot be self-reliant in the current environment. Evidence shows,\nhowever, that many are indeed finding ways to look after themselves and their families, and\nthis existing self-reliance needs to be understood before new initiatives are developed. There is\nalso inadequate consideration given as to how self-reliance should be understood for Ethiopian\ncitizens in these regions, particularly in the eastern regions of the country where the caseload\nfigures for humanitarian assistance and safety net programmes are very high. While additional\nright to work provisions are clearly a critical component of self-reliance, these must be placed in\nthe specific context of what kind of work and livelihoods are feasible across Ethiopian regions.\nAlso, there needs to be a greater recognition of the complementary components of self-reliance,\nsuch as freedom of movement, access to basic services, and the ability to interact positively with\nlocal host populations. There is a clear need to hear from refugees themselves about how these\ndifferent factors influence their thinking.\n\n\n**Local integration** This has long been a contested concept at the international level, with most definitions now\n\nframing it as a process with multiple components, rather than a one-off event that shifts people\nfrom one status to another. These broad definitions do not help refugees or host populations gain\nclarity on what local integration means for them. They also risk creating considerable uncertainty\nand confusion. The 2019 Refugees Proclamation helpfully provides a definition for the Ethiopian\ncontext but also raises further questions about the extent to which the government understands\nlocal integration as a long-term durable solution. While work is underway to explore these issues\nin more depth, at the request of ARRA, it will be important for this dialogue to be as transparent\nas possible, with both refugees and local populations involved at all stages.\n\n\n**Sustainability** Much of the impetus for the Global Compact for Refugees has come from a desire to make\nrefugee operations more sustainable, partly stemming from a wish on the part of donors to reduce\nthe overall humanitarian burden. The evidence reviewed for this synthesis paper demonstrates\nthat sustainability is far from being a straightforward objective. As indicated above, development\ninterventions cannot take the place of humanitarian programmes in protecting basic human\nneeds and rights, particularly in the short term. The places where refugees currently live in\nEthiopia face considerable wider development challenges, and any new approaches to working\nwith refugees need to be placed in the wider context of seeking to tackle these, recognising that\nthere will be no quick fixes. There also must be consideration of the sustainability implications\nof the different durable solutions and how they are understood by Ethiopian stakeholders. All\nactors must therefore challenge themselves on what they really mean by pushing for greater\nsustainability in programming approaches, and what is realistic over what timeframes.\n\n\n\nThe previous section provides suggestions as to **what** the focus of a common research agenda should be.\nHere, recommendations are made as to **how** it should be developed.\n\n\n**Leadership** for the development of a common research agenda should come from the government, with\nARRA at the forefront. Hopefully this report can be a useful starting point for this process, with ARRA\nbringing on board both its partners across government and international partners to identify priorities, existing\nresources, and needs. It is important to consider what **capacities** will be required across the system to make\nthis happen. The role of key initiatives, such as the work being supported by ReDSS and the new UNHCR\ninitiative to develop an Ethiopian academic network on refugee studies, should be determined within a **single**\n**overarching system** . More work is also required to determine entry points across the wider government\nresearch agenda.\n\n\nWork could usefully be undertaken to develop a **minimum standard for undertaking refugee-related**\n**research in Ethiopia**, covering all stages of design, implementation, and development, and issues such as\nconsultation, research ethics, transparency, and dissemination. Such an output would help provide guidance\nto donors, implementing partners, researchers themselves, government actors, and local populations\n(host and refugee communities alike) on what their obligations and expectations in relation to research\nactivity should be. It would also help set standards for defining what good data is; for example, around\ndisaggregation. In addition to creating a more consistent and coherent body of data, greater standardisation\nshould also enable better longitudinal studies that can track trends over time.\n\n\nWithin this wider effort, there should be particular emphasis on doing more **to foreground the perspectives**\n**and participation of local populations** in research initiatives. More work is required to determine the most\neffective mechanisms to do this that do not exacerbate research fatigue. A starting point may be to share\nand discuss the findings of this synthesis paper or other pieces of research in different parts of the country\nto create more of a feedback loop between research processes and local perspectives and, hopefully, spark\nan ongoing discussion.\n\n\nRecognising that written reports are only one limited form of research dissemination, more emphasis should\nbe given to other types of dissemination. One element could be a greater emphasis on **research seminars**\n**and workshops**, both in Addis and in different parts of the country, to promote dialogue and discussion.\nAnother could be an **online portal** for refugee-related research, designed to make it easy to access and\nnavigate all the research that exists. Thought would need to be given as to how to embed this appropriately\nin Ethiopian institutions to increase the chances of this being a sustainable initiative.\n\n\nConsideration should also be given to developing a **centralised repository** for research data, in line with\nthe global initiative being carried out by the World Bank and UNHCR. If such data could be made more\navailable, this should reduce the need for duplication of effort and allow for greater triangulation of research.\nWhile privacy and data sharing considerations would need to be carefully considered to protect all parties,\nthis should not be an obstacle to developing an appropriate solution.\n\n\nIdeally, all of this work should sit within a **common framework** that both enables joint monitoring of effort\nand progress, and allows for flexibility. Such a framework should also encourage more joint evaluations and\nstudies to reduce overlapping efforts.\n\n\nThere is a need for all involved in research to reflect on the linkages and interdependencies that exist\nbetween the specific research work they are conducting and wider research on similar topics and the policy\nenvironment. By so doing, it could be possible to understand the specific issues at hand in a more **holistic**\n**manner** . The greater emphasis on area-based planning envisaged by the NCRRS suggests work that\nconsiders these linkages more fully will be increasingly important.\n\n\nDisclaimer: This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to respect the\nofficial opinion of the European Union\n\n\n\n9 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **REGIONAL DURABLE SOLUTIONS SECRETARIAT**\n\n\n\nCONTACT INFORMATION\nHosted at the danish refugee Council\nLower Kabete Road (Ngecha Road Junction)\nP.O Box 14762-00800, Westlands, Nairobi\nOffice: +254 20 418 0403/4/5\nEmail: info@regionaldss.org\nwebsite: www.regionaldss.org\nTwitter: @ReDSS_HoA\n\n\n\nFUNDED BY\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d04eca04-73a8-33d1-b54e-324bdcb0b6a2/Towards-a-common-research-agenda-EXTRACT-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_67/raw/doc_67_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_67/raw/doc_67_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5492c5b2ebd70300fbe2dd9c47294dbec0f58f35..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_67/raw/doc_67_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,609 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Policy Paper\n\nMay 2016\n\n\n# **26**\n\n\n#### **No more excuses: Provide education** **to all forcibly displaced people**\n\n**Malala Yousafzai, Student, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and Co-Founder of the Malala Fund**\n\n\nNo child should have to pay the cost of war, to be kept away from the classroom because of conflict.\nYet whole generations of refugee children from countries like Syria, Afghanistan, Palestine and South\nSudan have had to leave their homes and schools. But they do not leave their dreams of a better\nfuture for themselves and their countries, a future only possible through education.\n\n\nIt is unacceptable that just half of refugee children have access to primary education and one quarter\nhave access to secondary education. It is unacceptable that girls are nearly always the first to miss\nout. Education is every child\u2019s basic human right.\n\n\nDreams should not end because of conflict. Futures should not be put on hold because of war. There\nis no tomorrow for countries affected by conflict unless their children learn today, and not just the\nbasics, but an education that gives them the tools and skills they need to fly.\n\n\nWorld leaders have promised to provide every child with a full 12 years of education by 2030.\nYoung people displaced by war are not the exception. Humanity should know no borders. There are\nsolutions, as this paper shows, but the world must come together and make good on its promises.\nWe know what we have to do.\n\n\nThis paper, jointly released by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the Global Education Monitoring\nReport in advance of the World Humanitarian Summit, shows that the education rights of forcibly\ndisplaced populations are being neglected on a large scale. It calls for countries and their humanitarian and\ndevelopment partners to urgently ensure that internally displaced, asylum seeking and refugee children and\nyouth are included in national education plans, and collect better data to monitor their situation.\n\n\nUnited Nations\nEducational, Scientific and\nCultural Organization\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nn 2015, the number of forcibly displaced people in the\nworld reached its highest level since the end of the\n### I\nSecond World War. The complex educational needs of\npeople forced to flee their homes are being neglected,\ncompromising the future of entire generations: refugee\nchildren are five times more likely to be out of school\nthan non-refugees.\n\n\nThis policy paper shows why it is crucial that three key\neducation issues are tackled:\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 The right of forcibly displaced people to education is\n\nbeing neglected on a wide scale, and efforts to redress\nthis situation face significant challenges. Among\nrefugees, only 50% of children are in primary school\nand only 25% of adolescents are in secondary school.\nAccess to quality education should be provided to all\ninternally displaced and refugee children and youth\nfrom the onset of an emergency and into long-term\n\ndisplacement.\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Countries and their humanitarian and development\n\npartners must urgently ensure that internally displaced,\nasylum seeking and refugee children and youth are\nincluded in national education plans, and collect better\ndata to monitor their situation.\n\n\nFinancial resources need to be carefully channelled to\nensure good quality education for forcibly displaced people.\nAs well as widening access to formal education through\ninclusion of refugees in national education systems, these\nresources should be used to enable accelerated and flexible\nforms of education, provide trained teachers, and ensure\nthat appropriate curricula and teaching languages are used.\n\n\nAlmost 60 million people were in forced displacement in\n2015, the highest number since 1945 (UNHCR, 2015a). These\ninclude internally displaced people (IDPs), asylum seekers\nand refugees, a small percentage of whom are resettled.\nAt the same time, forcibly displaced people are spending\nlonger and longer in displacement and exile, compromising\nprospects of durable solutions and reinforcing the urgency\nof a sustainable, comprehensive response by governments\nand the international community.\n\n\nEducation is a priority for displaced people. All children and\nyoung people need and deserve good quality education,\nwhich is a recognised human right. For children and youth\nwho have been forcibly displaced, education is especially\n\n\n\nimportant: by simply being in school, they are better\nprotected from trafficking, illegal adoption, child marriage,\nsexual exploitation and forced labour \u2014 both immediately\nafter displacement and long term. Education also builds\nknowledge and skills for self-reliance and resilience. It can\nalso contribute to peace and security and mitigate factors\nthat led to conflict and displacement in the first place.\n\n\n**FORCIBLY DISPLACED POPULATIONS \u2014**\n**UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENT**\n**CATEGORIES**\n\n\nThere are important differences among groups of forcibly\ndisplaced people that inform their legal, economic and\neducation rights. In order to provide targeted policy\nrecommendations, the following legal definitions have\nbeen used (UNHCR, 2015b):\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Internally displaced person: An individual forced to\n\nflee from his/her home or place of habitual residence,\nwho has not crossed an internationally recognized\nstate border.\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Asylum seeker: A person seeking international\n\nprotection whose claim for refugee status has not yet\nbeen determined.\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Refugee: A person who, owing to well-founded fear of\n\npersecution for one of a number of specific reasons\ncontained in the 1951 Refugee Convention, is outside\nthe country of his/her nationality, and is unable or\nunwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of\nthat country.\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Refugee in protracted situations: A refugee in a long\nterm state of displacement; for UNHCR, a protracted\nrefugee situation is one in which a large number of\nrefugees of the same nationality have been in exile for\nseveral years in a given asylum country.\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Stateless persons: A person who is not considered as\n\na national by any State under the operation of its law\n(1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons).\nNot all stateless persons are displaced. While some\npeople are born stateless, others become stateless over\nthe course of their lives.\n\n\nWhile there are three major causes of forced\ndisplacement \u2014 conflict, natural disaster and\ninfrastructure development \u2014 this paper concerns people\ndisplaced by conflict.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education for internally displaced people and refugees\nhas gained wide support in several recent global level\nresolutions and frameworks, including the Incheon\nDeclaration (\u00a711) and the Education 2030 Framework\nfor Action (\u00a757). These documents acknowledge that\nSustainable Development Goal 4 (\u201cEnsure inclusive and\nquality education for all and promote lifelong learning\u201d)\ncannot be achieved without meeting the education\nneeds of vulnerable populations, including refugees and\ninternally displaced people. Target 4.5 calls on countries\nto ensure equal access to all levels of education for\nvulnerable groups.\n\n\nWithin this broader context, the first World Humanitarian\nSummit in May 2016 aims to build a more inclusive\nhumanitarian system, placing people\u2019s safety, dignity and\nthe right to thrive at the heart of global decision-making\n(Box 1). A new proposal is expected that will aim to bridge\nthe shortfall in financing of good quality education for\ndisplaced people. This paper describes the magnitude of\nthe challenge and sets out key policies to guide the use of\nthese increased resources and partnerships.\n\n\n\nPOLICY PAPER 26\n\n##### Refugee education is uneven and limited\n\n\nBy mid-2015, there were 15 million refugees under the\nglobal mandate of the Office of the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2014 5 million more\nthan in 2010 (UNHCR, 2015a). In Egypt, Niger, South Sudan,\nthe Syrian Arab Republic and Uganda, the percentage of\nrefugees who are children exceeded 60% (UNHCR, 2015b).\n\n\nData remain limited for many refugee situations, but the\nmost recent UNHCR data estimates that worldwide, 50%\nof primary school age refugee children are out of school\nand 75% of adolescent refugees at secondary education\nlevel are out of school. Refugee children and adolescents\nare five times more likely to be out of school than their\nnon-refugee peers (Figure 1).\n\n\nTwo aspects of refugee situations have important\nimplications for education planning: many refugees are\ndisplaced for very long periods, and the large majority of\nrefugees are hosted in developing countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.9770944714546204, - "start": 289, - "end": 291 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9558433890342712, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "worldwide", - "confidence": 0.8209086060523987, - "start": 293, - "end": 294 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figure 1", - "confidence": 0.7331029176712036, - "start": 341, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nThe average length of exile in 33 protracted situations was\n25 years at the end of 2014, nearly three times as long as in\nthe early 1990s (Milner and Loescher, 2011; UNHCR, 2015b).\nThis means that for a large number of refugees, education\nplanning has to go beyond short-term emergency\nprovision and be sustained over several years articulating\nwith development plans.\n\n\nAt the same time, despite the visibility of the refugee influx\nin Europe, 86% of all refugees are hosted in developing\ncountries. Among the major refugee-hosting countries in\nmid-2015 were Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan,\nLebanon, Pakistan and Turkey (UNHCR, 2015a). Some of\nthese host countries have weak education systems and\nlimited capacity to support new populations. Moreover,\nrefugees are often concentrated in the most educationally\ndeprived regions of host countries, including Iraqi and\nSyrian refugees in poor areas of Jordan, Syrian refugees in\nsouth-eastern regions of Turkey, and Sudanese refugees\nin eastern Chad.\n\n\nBehind the global average number of refugee children\nout of school, there are significant differences among\ncountries. Primary enrolment rates average 80% in\nselected refugee sites in Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran\nand Yemen but only 43% in Pakistan and 56% in Ethiopia.\n\n\nAccess to secondary education is particularly limited\nfor refugees in many countries. In Kenya, Pakistan and\nBangladesh, less than 5% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 were\nenrolled in secondary education (Figure 2). In many refugee\ncamps, secondary education services meet a fraction of\nthe demand. In the Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya, there\nare 33 primary schools but only seven secondary schools,\nrunning at double their capacity to accommodate just 13%\nof the adolescent population (UNHCR, 2015c).\n\n\nRefugee sites have had varied success in\nmeeting education needs\n\n\nSince the mid-2000s, education for refugee children has\nprogressed in some countries but stagnated in others,\nas is shown by new analysis of data from nine refugee\nsites (Figure 3). A range of factors contribute to this wide\ndivergence in access to education and education quality,\nincluding differences in refugees\u2019 rights to education and\ncertification according to national legislation, the difficulty\nin dealing with large influxes of displaced people, language\ndifferences, and the difficulty of sustaining education in\nprotracted refugee situations.\n\n\n|Enrolment rate Enrolment rate|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|2004\u20132007
2013\u20132015
Enrolment rate
improved
Enrolment rate
worsened|2004\u20132007
2013\u20132015
Enrolment rate
improved
Enrolment rate
worsened|2004\u20132007
2013\u20132015
Enrolment rate
improved
Enrolment rate
worsened|\n|
|||\n\n\n\nNote: The size of the marker is proportional to the size of the population\nin each site.\n\n\nSource: Analysis based on 2014 UNHCR data.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**FIGURE 3:**\nDifferent sites in different contexts have followed different\ntrajectories in getting refugee children and adolescents\ninto schools\n_Enrolment rates of refugee children aged 5\u201317, selected refugee_\n_sites in selected countries, 2004\u20132007 and 2013\u20132015_\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from nine refugee\nsites", - "confidence": 0.9298084378242493, - "start": 367, - "end": 372 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7530609965324402, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Refugee sites", - "confidence": 0.9414851069450378, - "start": 332, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.7099860310554504, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-2000s", - "confidence": 0.8981161713600159, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9158077239990234, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2014 UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.8323980569839478, - "start": 573, - "end": 576 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7961011528968811, - "start": 574, - "end": 575 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "selected countries", - "confidence": 0.8622526526451111, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9769130945205688, - "start": 573, - "end": 574 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2004\u20132007", - "confidence": 0.9820498824119568, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children aged 5\u201317", - "confidence": 0.5778424143791199, - "start": 604, - "end": 610 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "schools\n_Enrolment rates", - "confidence": 0.8647448420524597, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "selected countries", - "confidence": 0.764894425868988, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2004\u20132007", - "confidence": 0.9619840979576111, - "start": 618, - "end": 621 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.8464463353157043, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Stateless persons often figure highly among refugee\npopulations, as is the case in Bangladesh and Malaysia\nwhere the refugee population comes largely from the\nRohingya community. This places refugees at a double\ndisadvantage, with many children and young people\nunable to enrol in school, register for exams or receive\ncertification. Malaysia has achieved significant reductions\nin its out-of-school populations of refugees from the\nprolonged instability in Myanmar. In urban areas across\nKuala Lumpur, the capital, enrolment rates increased from\n4% in 2006 to around 40% in 2014. This increase has largely\nbeen due to the establishment of learning centres by\ncommunity groups, faith-based organisations, foundations\nand NGOs, as refugee children and adolescents in Malaysia\nare not provided with free primary education in public\nschools. This parallel education system leaves children\ncompleting primary education without recognised\ncertification, depriving them of options to continue their\neducation (UNICEF, 2015a, 2015b).\n\n\nIn some countries, the sheer numbers of refugees\nhave overwhelmed efforts to get refugee children and\nadolescents into school. The influx of Syrian refugees\nhas increased Lebanon\u2019s population by more than 25%\n(Culbertson and Constant, 2015). New analysis for this\npaper shows that this has further strained an already\noverstretched education system. Between 2007 and\n2014, the total number of registered refugee children and\nadolescents aged 5 to 17 in urban areas increased from\n1,600 to 180,000. Even with the introduction of doubleshift systems that accept one set of students early in the\nmorning and another set in the afternoon and evening,\nand an increase in enrolment of 80% since 2013, the\n\nproportion of refugee children who are enrolled stood at\nonly 50% in 2014.\n\n\nIn Eastern Chad, the unrest in neighbouring Sudan\u2019s Darfur\nregion has spilled across the border, along with hundreds\nof thousands of Sudanese refugees. The region also\nhosts many refugees from the Central African Republic\nand Nigeria. Despite a continued and significant growth\nin the school age refugee population, enrolment rates\nhave increased remarkably, from 25% in 2006 to 55% in\n2014. Several initiatives have been mounted to try to\nlower the barriers facing refugee children. These include\ncurriculum transition reform to integrate refugees into the\nnational curriculum, adequate training of refugee teachers,\nand certification of refugee students\u2019 attainments\n(UNHCR, 2015d, 2016a).\n\n\nIn protracted refugee situations, education providers\nfind they can make progress in some areas but face\n\n\n\nPOLICY PAPER 26\n\n\npersistent difficulties in others. One of the oldest and\nlargest protracted refugee situations is that of Palestinians\ndisplaced over successive phases of a conflict that\nstretches back to 1948. Almost five million Palestinian\nrefugees registered with the United Nations Relief and\nWorks Agency (UNRWA) live in Jordan, Lebanon and the\nSyrian Arab Republic, as well as Gaza and the West Bank. In\n2015, UNRWA provided education to around half a million\nPalestinian children in its primary and lower secondary\nschools. In Gaza, where UNRWA runs a total of 257 schools,\nmore than 95% of school age children were found to attend\nschool in the 2015\u20132016 academic year (UNRWA, 2015).\nMoreover, across UNRWA schools, there are comparable\nproportions of boys and girls enrolled at the primary and\nsecondary education levels (UNDP, 2015).\n\n\nMost children in UNRWA schools perform as well as, or\nbetter than, those in host country schools in Jordan, Gaza\nand the West Bank (Abdul-Hamid et al., 2016). But early\nchildhood provision remains limited (except at schools in\nLebanon): in Gaza and the West Bank, only 38% of eligible\nchildren (or 85,200 children) were enrolled in pre-school\neducation in 2011 (ANERA, 2014; Palestine Ministry of\nEducation and UNICEF, 2012). Moreover, most UNRWA\nschools operate only up to grade 9. While students are\nentitled to join the secondary school systems in their\nhost countries, many have trouble making the transition\n(Thirkell, 2016).\n\n\nEducational opportunities remain limited for\nrefugees living outside camps\n\n\nExisting refugee education data comes largely from camps\nand camp-like settings. Yet the traditional image of life in\ntented, sprawling camps tells less than half of the refugee\nstory. More than half of the world\u2019s refugees reside in\nurban areas (UNHCR, 2015b). While the right to choose\nwhere they will live increases opportunities for livelihoods,\nindividual growth, social cohesion and solutions for\nrefugees during displacement, monitoring and evaluation\nof these refugees\u2019 education becomes problematic when\nthey are included in national schools as they frequently are\nnot identified as refugees in national education accounts.\nConsequently, much less is known about the education\nstatus of those refugees, though there are typically\nhigh concentrations of refugees in informal settlements\ncharacterised by high levels of deprivation.\n\n\nIn Jordan, for instance, 83% of around 630,000 million\nSyrian refugees live outside of camps (Jordan Ministry of\nPlanning and International Cooperation, 2015). Since 2012,\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee education data", - "confidence": 0.992637038230896, - "start": 751, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.905098021030426, - "start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8635761737823486, - "start": 918, - "end": 919 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7883689999580383, - "start": 790, - "end": 791 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nunder UNHCR\u2019s Home Visits Programme, interviews have\nbeen conducted with more than 170,000 Syrian refugee\nhouseholds in non-camp settings to examine their living\nconditions. In 2014, only 53% of school age children were\nenrolled in formal education, though this was an increase\nfrom 44% in 2013 (UNHCR, 2015e). The government painted\na similar picture, indicating that 100,000 school age Syrian\nchildren missed formal education in 2014, almost 50% of\nthose living outside camps (Jordan Ministry of Planning\nand International Cooperation, 2015).\n\n\nAnother striking example comes from Turkey, host to\nalmost 3 million registered Syrian refugees. As of late 2015,\nalmost 700,000 Syrian refugee children and adolescents\naged 6 to 17 needed access to education (3RP, 2016a).\nAround 85% were scattered outside camps in towns and\ncities. The percentage of refugee children enrolled in\nformal education was over 85% in camp settings but only\n30% in urban areas. Overall, enrolment rates were 7% in\npre-primary education, 52% in primary education, 31% in\nlower secondary education, and 10% in upper secondary\neducation (Figure 4) (Turkey Ministry of Education, 2016).\nA 2013 survey of 2,700 households conducted in the camps\nand out of the camps yielded similar results. In the 10 cities\nwith the highest proportion of Syrian refugees, about\n83% of children in the camps were found to attend school\ncompared with only 14% of those living out of the camps\n(Turkey AFAD, 2013).\n\n\n##### Internal displacement severely undermines education\n\nThe number of internally displaced people (IDPs), like\nthe number of refugees, has been growing. At the end\nof 2014, 38 million IDPs were estimated to live in 60\ncountries, an increase of 15% since 2013. The Democratic\nRepublic of Congo, Iraq, Nigeria, South Sudan and the\nSyrian Arab Republic account for 60% of IDPs (IDMC,\n2015). Internal displacement is predominantly urban, with\nIDPs often having fled from conflict-affected areas to the\nrelative safety of towns and cities, as in Colombia and in\nNorthern Uganda.\n\n\nReliable data on the educational needs of IDPs, especially\nthose not in camps, is even more limited than for refugees.\nDespite IDPs being nationals of their country and hence\ncoming under the responsibility of their government, data\non IDPs is seldom included in educational management\ninformation systems and is left to international players to\ncollect. Therefore, they tend to remain a relatively invisible\ngroup, even though they constitute the largest group of\nall forcibly displaced populations. But available evidence\nindicates that, in many conflict-affected countries, internal\ndisplacement has put huge strains on already inadequate\neducational infrastructure.\n\n\nIn Nigeria, for instance, violent attacks on civilians by\nBoko Haram have since 2009 left widespread devastation\nin the northeast of Nigeria, with approximately 2 million\nIDPs (IDMC, 2014a). By early 2016, an estimated 952,029\nschool-age children had fled the violence (HRW, 2016).\nThe International Organization for Migration (IOM)\u2019s\n\nDisplacement Tracking Matrix reported that in 19 out of\n42 displacement camps in six states, children did not have\naccess to any formal or non-formal education facilities in\nJune 2015 (IOM, 2015).\n\n\nIn Iraq, the conflict between armed groups and\ngovernment forces has escalated rapidly and resulted in\naround 3 million IDPs as of 2014 (IDMC, 2015). At the end\nof the academic year in July 2015, only 32% of internally\ndisplaced children and adolescents had access to any form\nof education, which left about 600,000 of them missing an\nentire year of schooling. The enrolment rate of the 78,000\nIDP children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 living in camps\nstands at only 45%. The situation for 730,000 IDP children\nand adolescents not in camps is even worse, with only 30%\nhaving access to education. In Dohuk Governorate, 63% of\nchildren had missed 6 to 12 months of schooling and 11%\nhad lost over a year of learning (OCHA, 2015a).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "educational management\ninformation systems", - "confidence": 0.8453593254089355, - "start": 458, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDMC", - "confidence": 0.7799170017242432, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9500840902328491, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8867043256759644, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6789974570274353, - "start": 585, - "end": 588 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5665004253387451, - "start": 556, - "end": 557 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school-age children", - "confidence": 0.6653809547424316, - "start": 563, - "end": 565 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Yemen, where over 400,000 school age children were\namong the 2.3 million IDPs in 2015, armed conflict and\ninsecurity forced many people living in Zinjibar and Khanfar\nto flee to Aden and Lahj governorates (OCHA, 2015b). A\nsurvey of school age IDP children in Lahj governorate\nfound that only one-third were enrolled in school (Yemen\nMinistry of Planning and International Cooperation and\nUNICEF, 2014).\n\n##### Forced displacement situations reinforce the marginalisation of girls\n\n\nPeople who are already frequently marginalised, such\nas girls, are often the worst affected by losses in\nopportunities for schooling in refugee and IDP situations.\n\n\nRefugee girls are less likely to finish primary education,\ntransition into and complete secondary education.\nDisplacement weakens children\u2019s protective environments\nand families can resort to coping mechanisms that\ndisadvantage girls, including child labour and child\nmarriage. In Kakuma camps in Kenya, in 2015 only 38%\nof primary school students were girls (UNHCR, 2015f). In\nSouth Sudan\u2019s Unity State, only 40% of primary school\nrefugee students in 2015 were girls (UNHCR, 2015g).\n\n\nIn Pakistan, child marriage and teenage pregnancy\nare often cited as major barriers to the continuation\nof education for Afghan refugee girls, particularly to\n\nsecondary level. Many girls are taken out of school to be\nmarried, as early as grade six. Dropout rates for refugee\ngirls are as high as 90% (UNHCR, 2015h).\n\n\nGirls and women, 70% of the world\u2019s internally displaced\npopulation, tend to be out of school at higher rates and\nhave lower literacy rates than boys and men of comparable\nages (IDMC, 2014b). In Iraq, school attendance are low for\nall displaced students, but more so for internally displaced\ngirls. For example, in Najaf governorate, 81% of 15- to\n17-year-old girls were out of school compared with 69% of\nboys of the same age (REACH 2014).\n\n\nLiteracy rates tend to be lower amongst IDP women. Only\n1% of IDP women living in urban centres in Afghanistan were\nfound to be literate versus 20% of IDP men (World Bank and\nUNHCR 2011) and in the Central African Republic literacy\nrate for women aged 15\u201324 is close to 59% compared with\n72% for young men of the same age (IDMC, 2014b).\n\n\n\nPOLICY PAPER 26\n\n##### Educational management information systems are vital to monitor forcibly displaced populations\n\n\nData collected by governments, the Internal Displacement\nMonitoring Centre (IDMC), UNHCR and NGOs provide\nuseful insights but also highlight the scale of information\ngaps surrounding education for forcibly displaced\npeople. Collecting data on enrolment rates of forcibly\ndisplaced groups is far from easy. Without accurate data\non population movements, demographics of displaced\npopulation groups and education service provision,\nplanning is not possible. These groups are effectively\ninvisible in national education sector plans, and hence their\neducation receives little or no budget allocation.\n\n\nCapturing IDP education data is particularly challenging\nbecause education management information systems\n(EMIS) generally collect data once a year and cannot\ntherefore accurately capture information on sometimes\ntransient populations. Moreover, governments may\nbe party to conflicts and, as a result, exclude displaced\npersons from their figures or focus only on capturing\neducation data in camps. One exception is the government\nof Ukraine, which collects education status information\non children displaced from the conflict in Crimea, Donetsk\nand Lugansk on a monthly basis. As of March 2016, 51,000\ndisplaced children (or 1.4% of the total student population)\nwere enrolled in schools in other areas (Ukraine Ministry of\nEducation and Science, 2016).\n\n\nInformation systems have been often slow to respond\nto refugee situations. It is difficult to monitor refugee\nchildren\u2019s enrolment, retention and learning in national\nsystems where education data is not disaggregated to\naccount for these vulnerable groups. These monitoring\nchallenges are expected to increase with more refugees\nbeing included in national education systems and\nhence included in EMIS but without their legal status as\nrefugees being registered. With this being the preferred\napproach in order to protect refugees and limit the risk of\ndiscrimination, a certain degree of parallel monitoring on\nrefugee-specific vulnerability and protection aspects needs\nto be maintained.\n\n\nSome countries have taken steps to better monitor\nrefugees\u2019 education status. Chad developed an integrated\nsystem to improve refugee education data management,\nwith the aim of eventually integrating the data in the\nnational EMIS. The system, developed as an offline\nspreadsheet tool, includes a set of data collection forms for\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6240105628967285, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.855871856212616, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.5144299268722534, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lahj governorate", - "confidence": 0.9305070042610168, - "start": 55, - "end": 57 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8474518656730652, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9142037034034729, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "school age IDP children", - "confidence": 0.8820785284042358, - "start": 50, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Educational management information systems", - "confidence": 0.6164040565490723, - "start": 454, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.5164386034011841, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education data", - "confidence": 0.582739531993866, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ukraine Ministry of\nEducation and Science", - "confidence": 0.8761205673217773, - "start": 680, - "end": 686 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7663961052894592, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8349111676216125, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.8659617900848389, - "start": 752, - "end": 753 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.6244576573371887, - "start": 811, - "end": 812 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.971893846988678, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POLICY PAPER 26\n\n\neach camp, covering preschool, primary, middle and high\nschool, as well as non-formal literacy programmes and\nhigher education. Quality of data has improved, ensuring\nharmonised data collection, entry and compilation\n(UNHCR, 2016a).\n\n\nIn Malaysia, refugees are not allowed to access the formal\neducation system but instead attend community learning\ncentres spread across Kuala Lumpur. UNHCR has mapped\nthese centres to improve monitoring of enrolment,\nattendance and performance. A generic and open source\nonline system was applied to 40 centres, which can\nnow input data independently, improving the coverage\nand quality of education macro and micro data for this\ndispersed urban refugee population. Its use has led to\nmore accurate data management, facilitating education\nprogramme design, implementation and monitoring\n(UNHCR, 2016b).\n\n##### Policies to improve education for forcibly displaced children and youth\n\n\nTo provide quality education to IDPs and refugees, decision\nmakers and education providers need to contend with\na very diverse set of challenges for groups that differ\nconsiderably in their circumstances and needs. Creating\nthe right policy and implementation environments requires\ntime and strong partnerships between governments and\nhumanitarian and development agencies.\n\n\nHowever, ultimately, responsibility and decision-making\nbelongs to states. That is why countries must take the\ninitiative to include refugee, internally displaced, asylum\nseeking and stateless populations in their national\neducation plans. They need to respond in a flexible way to\nstrengthen and expand the formal education system in\norder to absorb displaced children and youth and also to\nprovide certified accelerated education programmes that\nare accredited as well as non-formal options that have\npathways into the formal education system.\n\n\nThis subsection advocates four main policy directions for\ngovernments and their partners:\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Enshrine forcibly displaced people\u2019s rights to education\n\nin national laws and policy\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Include displaced children and youth in national\n\neducation systems\n\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Enable accelerated and flexible education options to\n\nmeet diverse needs\n\n\n\u25a0\u25a0 Ensure an adequate supply of trained and\n\nmotivated teachers\n\n\nEnshrine forcibly displaced people\u2019s rights to\neducation in national laws and policy\n\n\nThe level of protection of IDP, refugee and stateless\nchildren depends on national laws and their\nimplementation. Yet in many countries, these groups face\ninstitutional barriers that can directly and indirectly harm\nthese children\u2019s prospects of receiving an education.\n\n\nBangladesh and Malaysia, for instance, are not parties\nto the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees or its\n1967 Protocol, so they lack administrative and legislative\nframeworks to deal with refugees, and refugee children are\nexcluded from formal education (UNHCR, 2011, 2013). Some\ncountries have discriminatory legal frameworks. In Egypt,\nSudanese and Syrian children may access the national\neducation system but refugees from other countries are\nbarred from public schools (3RP, 2016b; Ullah, 2014).\n\n\nOnly 21 of the over 50 countries who have internally\ndisplaced persons referenced IDP children in national\nlaws and policies (Brookings Institute, 2016; Elizabeth\nG. Ferris, 2010).\n\n\nColombia, whose population of IDPs \u2014 over 6 million \u2014 is\none of the world\u2019s largest, has demonstrated that legal\nprovision can extend opportunities (IDMC, 2015). In 2004,\n\nhaving determined that the government\u2019s provisions fell\nshort of its obligations, the Constitutional Court issued a\nruling that led to the development of a national plan for\nIDPs. Under the law, displaced children are eligible for free\neducation and schools must accept them without requiring\nprevious proof of education (Espinosa, 2009). These\nenhanced entitlements are believed to have contributed to\nan increase in the proportion of internally displaced 5- to\n17-year-olds attending school from 48% in 2007 to 86% in\n2010 (UNESCO, 2011).\n\n\nInclude forcibly displaced children and youth in\nnational education systems\n\n\nIn most refugee situations, emergency education\nprovision is insufficient to meet the needs of children\nand communities, particularly as displacement is\ntending to become more protracted. Refugee children\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online system", - "confidence": 0.599662184715271, - "start": 90, - "end": 92 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "monitoring of enrolment,\nattendance and performance", - "confidence": 0.7292035222053528, - "start": 77, - "end": 84 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9957257509231567, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malaysia", - "confidence": 0.5435576438903809, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban refugee population", - "confidence": 0.5751301646232605, - "start": 119, - "end": 122 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and youth require access to safe, accountable, certified\neducation services; in most cases, inclusion of refugees\nin national education systems is the most sustainable\noption. To ensure education quality, inclusion requires\nearly and sustained attention from national authorities\nand development partners to enhance national capacity\nand infrastructure, provide conducive legal and policy\nframeworks, adopt appropriate curriculum and language\nof instruction, and prepare refugee students and\ncommunities for the transition to host country education.\n\n\nWhere inclusion is not carried out, the use of parallel\neducation systems following the curriculum of the country\nof origin presents significant challenges, especially lack\nof access to examinations and certification \u2014 leaving\nchildren unable to continue their education. In Thailand,\ntens of thousands of refugee children have been educated\nin camps on the Myanmar border using a curriculum\nthat is recognised by neither the Thai nor the Myanmar\ngovernments. This leaves them unable to continue\nschooling in Thailand, and equally unable to access schools\nupon return to Myanmar (Sawade, 2007).\n\n\nSome refugee communities may understandably resist\ninclusion, even if it is in the best interest of educational\nquality, because they may take it as a sign that\nrepatriation is not imminent. This requires active advocacy\nactivities to explain the advantages of the transition\nto the communities. Such advocacy was carried out in\nChad, for example, where Sudanese refugee students had\noriginally been enrolled in a parallel system that followed\nthe Sudanese curriculum but did not benefit from national\nteacher development or school resources. A transition\n\nto the Chadian curriculum and exam system initiated in\nOctober 2014 was preceded by a participatory assessment\nand a sensitisation and awareness raising programme\n(UNHCR, 2015d).\n\n\nIn Rwanda, a conducive legal and policy framework\nallows free access to national education services. In\nthree older refugee camps, such services are provided\nup to the end of lower secondary school through a mix\nof camp-based provision and integration of refugee\nchildren in local government schools. Full integration with\ngovernment schools is taking place in two newer camps\nand is in progress in the new Mahama camp, which hosts\n48,000 refugees from Burundi. However, access to upper\nsecondary education is either unavailable or limited (less\nthan 5% of eligible students) (UNHCR, 2016c; UNICEF, 2016).\n\n\nOne of the challenges of inclusion in national education\nservices can be the language of instruction. When the\n\n\n\nPOLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nlanguage in host countries differs from the language\nthat the refugees speak or are familiar with, instructional\nprogrammes that use rigorous second-language\nteaching methods are essential. Teachers also need\nintensive training on how to support second-language\nacquisition and learning. In Turkey, UNHCR will implement\na large-scale European Commission project that will\nsupport the development of intensive Turkish-language\nsupport programmes to facilitate enrolment and\nretention of Syrian refugees in Turkish schools, provide\ntraining for teachers on the effects of displacement\non learning, and introduce initiatives to promote social\ninclusion (3RP, 2016a).\n\n\nA common obstacle to inclusion is the lack of\ninfrastructure. A low-cost solution to classroom shortages\nis the use of a double-shift system. In Lebanon, during the\nschool year 2015\u201316, Syrian children are attending 1,278\npublic schools alongside Lebanese children, while another\n259 schools offer a specially designed second shift in the\nafternoon to accommodate more Syrian children (UNHCR,\n2015i). However, the approach can pose problems as the\nsame teachers often teach both shifts and report being\noverworked (Dryden-Peterson and Adelman, 2016). It can\nalso undermine the provision of good quality education\nand learning outcomes (Woods, 2007).\n\n\nEnable accelerated and flexible education\noptions to meet diverse needs\n\n\nAccelerated education programmes can provide refugee\nand IDP children and adolescents with a viable option for\n\ncertified education. Among both internally displaced and\nrefugee populations, there are large numbers of over-age\nlearners who have missed significant periods of schooling.\nWhen over-age children return to school, there is not only\na risk of overcrowding classrooms and difficult teaching\nconditions with multiple age ranges, but there are also\nconsiderable protection risks in mixing older and younger\nchildren in one class. Certified accelerated education\nprogrammes are a key way to allow older children and\nadolescents to access condensed primary education\nservices in conditions appropriate for their age.\n\n\nAccelerated education programmes need to be carefully\ndesigned, however, to maximise opportunities for\ngraduation and for students to continue on to formal\nsecondary education. An evaluation of accelerated\neducation programmes for IDPs administered by the\nNorwegian Refugee Council found that reintegration\nrates into formal education varied considerably. A tracer\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "accelerated education\nprogrammes", - "confidence": 0.5110476613044739, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9411814212799072, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nstudy in Angola found that even among those who had\nqualified for re-entry at the end of the programme,\nhalf did not reintegrate, usually because of the costs\ninvolved (Shah, 2015).\n\n\nTo overcome such constraints, a programme in Puntland,\nSomalia, provided conditional cash transfers, while it\nalso collaborated with schools to waive the fees of\nstudents who reintegrated. As a result, 99% of graduates\nreintegrated, but the cost of the programme was\nnot sustainable and the programme was eventually\ndiscontinued (Shah, 2015). A careful balance needs to be\nstruck between incentives and cost-effectiveness.\n\n\nBuilding on good practice, in 2014, UNHCR initiated an\nAccelerated Education Working Group with United Nations\nand NGO partners to strengthen norms and standards for\naccelerated education programmes globally.\n\n\nFlexible post-primary education can provide youth with\nskills. IDP, refugee and stateless communities face several\nbarriers in obtaining accessible and suitable post-primary\neducation opportunities. In particular, they may lack\nfoundation skills, live in areas that are underserved by the\nformal education system, and may not be able to cover\nthe costs of their education.\n\n\nThe Norwegian Refugee Council\u2019s Youth Education Pack\noffers a one-year, full-time intensive course that trains 15to 24-year-olds in literacy and numeracy skills, livelihood\nskills geared toward self-employment, and various life\nskills. It has been implemented in 13 countries, ranging\nfrom Afghanistan to Timor-Leste. At the end of the course,\n\ngraduates receive a start-up kit to help them set up a\nmicro-business (Women Refugee Commission, 2015).\n\n\nThe Skills 4 Life project in Kakuma, Kenya, promotes\ndevelopment of market-oriented, flexible and low-cost\nskills development in 12 technical areas. The programme\nis directed at 500 unemployed youth from both the\ncamp population and the host community. This helps\nease tensions between the two groups, as the host\npopulation may be worse off than the refugees, who\nare more likely to receive support from the international\ncommunity (SDC, 2015).\n\n\nRefugees need assistance to enter higher education.\nHigher education opportunities for refugees have\nhistorically been extremely limited with less than 1% of\n\n\n\nrefugee youth able to access universities (UNHCR, 2015b).\nInterrupted education, learning gaps, language, confusing\napplication procedures, lack of accreditation of local\nprogrammes, distance from education opportunities, and\ncosts are among the challenges that need to be overcome.\n\n\nScholarships are a key tool to encourage access. The\nGerman government-funded DAFI (German Academic\nRefugee Initiative Albert Einstein programme) supported\nmore than 2,200 students across 41 host countries with\nhigher education scholarships in 2014 (UNHCR, 2016d).\nThe number of Syrian refugee students accessing higher\neducation doubled between 2014 and 2015, with new\nprogrammes opening in Lebanon and Turkey thanks\nto an expansion of the donor base, including the Sa\u00efd\nFoundation (UNHCR, 2014).\n\n\nIncreasingly, distance and e-learning are also used, blended\nwith on-site tutoring, providing students with certification\nfrom an accredited institution. Prominent examples include\nthe Jesuit Commons: Higher Education at the Margins\n(JC:HEM) programme, which operates in places such as\nDzaleka camp, Malawi, and Amman, Jordan; Borderless\nHigher Education for Refugees in Dadaab camps, Kenya,\nand InZone (University of Geneva) in Dadaab and Kakuma\ncamps, Kenya. Initial results from these programmes are\npromising, and pathways ahead suggested by reviews\ninclude facilitating entry into full degree programmes and\nintegrating with other related programmes to maximise\nresources (Crea, 2016).\n\n\nIn many countries, asylum seekers have difficulties\nregistering at universities due to legal and/or cost barriers\n\nand are often considered overseas students subject to\nhigher fees (Refugee Council, 2013). Refugees frequently\nface similar difficulties, and the rising cost of tertiary\neducation and related costs such as books and language\nclasses also serve as barriers (Refugee Support Network,\n2012). In some cases, advocacy at national level results in\nrefugees being admitted under the same conditions as\nlocal students, as is the case for example in Cameroon,\nIran, Mozambique, Kenya, Rwanda and Turkey. There is\na need for initiatives that provide more comprehensive\nsupport, such as Canada\u2019s WUSC Student Refugee\nProgram, which removes all access and initial cost barriers\nto higher education through peer-to-peer sponsorship of\nrefugees from camps directly into university and college\ncampuses (Ferede, 2014).\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ensure an adequate supply of trained and\nmotivated teachers\n\n\nIDPs and refugees need trained, supported and motivated\nteachers but all too often their teachers are poorly paid\nand inexperienced, and work in demanding conditions\nwith little opportunity for professional development.\nGovernments and their partner agencies need to ensure\nnot only that sufficient funds are available to pay teachers\nappropriately but also that teachers are able to advance\nin their careers.\n\n\nFor teachers who have been volunteering for years,\nincentive pay can be a welcome change. In 2015, more\nthan 4,000 Syrian refugee volunteer teachers in Turkey\nbegan to receive monthly incentive payments of \u20ac130\u2013190\nfunded by donors, which has increased their morale and\nsense of professional value (European Commission, 2015).\n\n\nIn refugee camps, qualified teachers are often not\navailable. For example, in the Dadaab camps in Kenya,\nabout 10% of teachers are qualified Kenyan teachers,\nthe remaining 90% being refugee teachers drawn from\nthe camps, only 2% of whom are qualified (DrydenPeterson, 2011). Several international NGOs provided new\nteacher recruits with 5 to 14 days of induction training.\nHowever, these workshops lacked a common framework\nidentifying the basic knowledge and skills teachers should\nbe expected to demonstrate. To address this, a teacher\nmanagement and development strategy for 2013\u20132015\nrecommended a shift towards school-based development\nand problem-solving. The strategy also proposed\nqualification and certification options for teachers who\n\nmeet minimum higher education admission requirements,\nas well as options for the majority who do not meet the\nrequirements (UNESCO, 2014).\n\n\nBy creating a sense of normality and stability, teachers can\nprovide a protective barrier from violence and conflict for\ntraumatised children and youth. However, programmes are\nneeded to prepare teachers for this role. The International\nRescue Committee\u2019s Healing Classrooms programme\nbuilds teachers\u2019 skills to act as agents of child protection.\nOver 800 teachers have completed the training in northern\nIraq (International Rescue Committee, 2016).\n\n\nEven high income host countries face shortages of\nqualified teachers in the face of unprecedented numbers\nof asylum seeking and refugee children entering their\n\n\n\nPOLICY PAPER 26\n\n\nschool systems. Following the high number of asylum\napplications in 2014 and 2015, Germany recruited 8,500\nlanguage teachers and has an immediate need for an extra\n20,000 classroom teachers (Kauffmann, 2016).\n\n\nOne of the challenges facing these countries is that\nrefugees and resettled persons who could work\nas teachers may be unable to provide evidence of\nqualifications. In 2007, the Supreme Court of Ontario,\nCanada, set an important precedent by ruling that the\nOntario College of Teachers must find a way to assess the\nqualification of a resettled refugee who could not produce\nan original government-certified proof of her academic\nqualifications (Medic, 2007).\n\n##### Conclusion\n\n\nAs new resources are pledged to support education for\nforcibly displaced people, we need to be clear about\nhow to use them. Enshrining displaced people\u2019s right to\neducation in national laws and policies is an important\nfirst step. Including refugee children and youth into\nnational education systems is the most sustainable way\nof answering their needs. In some contexts, where there\nare high numbers of children and young people who\nhave missed out on schooling, accelerated and flexible\nforms of education may provide a viable way forward. In\nall cases, an adequate supply of trained and motivated\nteachers is vital.\n\n\nThis paper has drawn on a wide range of sources to\n\npaint a global picture of the education needs of IDPs\nand refugees. We show that those needs are complex,\npose many challenges \u2014 and are often neglected. But\nwe also demonstrate that many solutions exist, and\nthat many countries and their development partners are\ncooperating to pursue those solutions with determination\nand ingenuity.\n\n\nReferences for this paper are available at the following link:\nhttps://en.unesco.org/gem-report/sites/gem-report/files/\nNoMoreExcusesReferences.pdf\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global Education Monitoring Report\nc/o UNESCO\n7, place de Fontenoy\n75352 Paris 07 SP, France\nEmail: gemreport@unesco.org\nTel: +33 (1) 45 68 10 36\nFax: +33 (1) 45 68 56 41\nwww.unesco.org/gemreport\n\n\nDeveloped by an independent team and published\nby UNESCO, the Global Education Monitoring Report\nis an authoritative reference that aims to inform,\ninfluence and sustain genuine commitment\ntowards the global education targets in the new\nSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNESCO\n\nED/GEMR/MRT/2016/PP/26\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/98dba6b6-bc5d-3399-986c-f8925ebd5519/244847E.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_670/raw/doc_670_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_670/raw/doc_670_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c77cc0519719932204988308c9e5a5ac7cdc1a40..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_670/raw/doc_670_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\ufffd\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0004\ufffd\u0003\u0007\b \u0002\n\u000b\f\r\u0004\f\ufffd\u000e\r\u000f\u0010\u0002\u0011 - \u0002\u0012\u0002\u0013\u0002 \b\ufffd\u0003\u000b\u0014\u000f\r\u0015\u0016\u0013\n\n# 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&lSUT[,M,L_&*)&ktuvvpw\n\n\nx\n\n\nyz{|}~\u007fz\u0080y\u00813\u0082~\u0083\u0084z\u0085\u0081\u0086 &D\u0087~.{yz\u0083~\u0082\u0088\n\n\n\u008e&\u008f\u0090\u0091\u0092\u0093&\u0094\u0095\u0095\u0096\u0097\u0094\u0095\u0094\u0096\n\n\nlS[TM,Q)&QS*fTUZ*bT]*SLMT \u0089PS-,&QSR,LMN-)**_\n\n\n\u008aS*M)QM, \u0089\u008b\u008ae&\u008c\u008cK&-&\u0089QR)X*T&*)&m\u008duosw\n\n\nlTUO,L)M,L_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/110e33e4-59f9-3567-8c0c-cf21c98dabb8/UK%27%20PR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_671/raw/doc_671_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_671/raw/doc_671_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f036422443296cfb5aa0a33b4f63b4dd079fd0fd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_671/raw/doc_671_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, CAR, DRC, Ecuador, Niger and Yemen\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **OVERALL PROGRESS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **Country-Level Implementation**\n\nCollaborative procurement has been/ is being\nconducted in six focus countries [2] including through\npiggybacking, collaborative contract clauses and\n[joint procurement. Informed by the Guidance for](https://www.unhcr.org/5e317a587)\n[Collaborative Procurement, 25 countries have](https://www.unhcr.org/5e317a587)\nleveraged common procurement, inclusive of other\n\n\n2 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, CAR, Ecuador, DRC and Yemen\n\n\n2 UN Common Cash Statement Progress Report\n\n\n\nagencies beyond UNCCS, to simplify cash delivery\nfrom the perspective of people in need. UNCCS focus\ncountries have also considered options for systems\ninteroperability at country level, avoiding duplication\nand enhancing programmatic collaboration, in line with\n[the Global Trilateral Data Sharing Agreement (DSA).](https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/602e24a94/trilateral-data-sharing-agreement-cash-assistance-unhcr-wfp-unicef.html)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNCCS signatories are also increasingly engaging in\nthe harmonization of cash assistance, specifically joint\nfeasibility studies, needs and market assessments,\npost-distribution and price monitoring, Minimum\nExpenditure Baskets (MEBs), mapping of complaints\n\n\n\nand feedback mechanisms and common risks and\ndata registries. Cash Working Groups (CWGs) have\nengaged throughout these processes with key\nactivities planned to support collaborative approaches\nto cash.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 UN Common Cash Statement Progress Report\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Global Working Group: Procurement and Finance\n\n\n\n[The 2020 Guidance for Collaborative Procurement for](https://www.unhcr.org/5e317a587)\n[Humanitarian Cash Transfers has been implemented](https://www.unhcr.org/5e317a587)\nin 25 operations. Globally, the UNCCS Procurement\nand Finance Working Group (PFWG) established a\nregister of existing and up-coming contracts with\nFSPs to fast-track the identification of common\nprocurement opportunities in operations. The register\nwas extended to include agencies beyond the three\noperational UNCCS signatories, including FAO,\nIOM and UNFPA. UNCCS is keen to build bridges\nwith the NGOs on procurement, including through\nleveraging the collaborative clause in current FSP\n\n\n\ncontracts which provides the opportunity for any\npartner \u2013 big or small \u2013 to benefit from the already\nnegotiated fees and conditions. This can reduce\nparallel payment mechanisms while recognizing the\ndifferent procurement procedures of the UN and NGOs.\nThe PFWG engaged in several learning exercises\nwith country offices to simplify and harmonize joint\nprocurement. This included a survey of UNCCS\nagencies in 20 countries followed by a series of\ninterviews on collaborative procurement. The feedback\nwill guide the way forward and priorities for this group\nin 2021-2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUN Common Cash Statement Progress Report 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "register of existing and up-coming contracts with\nFSPs", - "confidence": 0.8553926348686218, - "start": 51, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNCCS Procurement\nand Finance Working Group", - "confidence": 0.7440611124038696, - "start": 40, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6460520029067993, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FSPs", - "confidence": 0.5270591974258423, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey of UNCCS\nagencies", - "confidence": 0.715252697467804, - "start": 173, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6333827972412109, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "PFWG", - "confidence": 0.8228422999382019, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "20 countries", - "confidence": 0.8395500779151917, - "start": 178, - "end": 180 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Global Working Group: Data and Systems\n\nThe Data Interoperability Task Team (DITT) supports\nfocus countries on DSAs and systems interoperability.\nThis workstream depends on increased funding for\nsystems adjustment and development, and above all\n[DSAs. The UNCCS developed and signed the Trilateral](https://www.unhcr.org/602e24a94)\n[Data-Sharing Agreement for Cash Assistance (UNHCR,](https://www.unhcr.org/602e24a94)\n[WFP, UNICEF). They have fleshed out requirements](https://www.unhcr.org/602e24a94)\nfor a Data Sharing Portal to enable and facilitate\nconfidential biographic and assistance data exchange\nbetween agencies\u2019 corporate systems through\ninteroperability solutions, which will be open to other\nagencies.\n\n\n[The Minimum Core Assistance Delivery Dataset for](https://www.unhcr.org/5f4fa8a14)\n[Afected Populations, agreed between the wider](https://www.unhcr.org/5f4fa8a14)\nhumanitarian community, is being implemented as a\nminimum data set to be collected from beneficiaries\n\n\n\nUNICEF has developed an internal beneficiary\nmanagement information system (MIS) system HOPE\nthat will become interoperable with other signatories\u2019\nsystems. WFP and UNHCR have progressed\nsignificantly on interoperability solutions between\nWFP SCOPE/ UNHCR PRIMES systems, including a\nbiometric data interoperability solution which has now\nbeen deployed.\n\n\nUNICEF and UNHCR have co-developed a payment\nmodule under UNHCR\u2019s CashAssist for UNICEF MIS\nHOPE that will feed into the interoperability solution\nbetween the two agencies. Some of the agencies have\nincreased technical agencies\u2019 capacity dedicated to\nfield support and implementation on interoperability.\nMoreover, meetings and briefings with other agencies\nand organizations have taken place to promote\n\n\n## **WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT TO DATE?**\n\n##### Lessons Learned: Voices from the Field\n\n\n\nA lesson learned multi-country workshop took place in\nApril 2021 among the seven UNCCS focus countries\nand the global support team to capture experiences\nand share learning. The key lessons include:\n\n\n- UNCCS implementation is context-specific\nadapted to each unique operational situation.\n\n- The main drivers for country collaboration are the\nneed to simplify assistance from the perspective of\npeople in need, prevent overlapping activities, avoid\ndata duplication, ensure programme and targeting\ncomplementarities and maximize resources through\nFSP procurement and systems interoperability.\n\n- Dedicated capacities and resources are required\nto ensure collaboration.\n\n- Meaningful collaboration takes time to reach a\ncommon understanding, trust and buy-in.\n\n\n6 UN Common Cash Statement Progress Report\n\n\n\n\n- Honest and, sometimes, difficult discussions\nmay be required to establish regular channels of\ncommunication to move work plans forward.\n\n- The frequency that agencies meet to discuss their\nCVA in a particular context dictates how much and\nhow quickly the UNCCS\u2019 activities will progress.\n\n- While there is a wide variety of positive experiences\non the interaction between the UNCCS and existing\nCWGs, ongoing messaging is required to ensure\nthat there is clarity on the difference between\n\u2018operational collaboration\u2019 and \u2018coordination\u2019.\n\n- Country streamlining of collaborative procedures\nrequires additional support at global level.\n\n- Documenting and sharing learning of UNCCS work\nin different operational contexts can help increase\n\u2018cross-fertilization\u2019 among UNCCS focus countries.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Minimum Core Assistance Delivery Dataset", - "confidence": 0.6622061729431152, - "start": 117, - "end": 122 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6044122576713562, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5584421753883362, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "beneficiary\nmanagement information system", - "confidence": 0.9710456728935242, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.6325151920318604, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MIS", - "confidence": 0.9172635078430176, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5295441746711731, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ba9b2595-048c-3f25-af86-34e84de2518b/UN%20Common%20Cash%20Statement%20Progress%20Report%20-%20September%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_672/raw/doc_672_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_672/raw/doc_672_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fb914c61aa04f24e25f7c7aa238bf4c3afdce1e5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_672/raw/doc_672_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "El ACNUR se asoci\u00f3 con el sector privado e instituciones\np\u00fablicas para proporcionar **formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica y profesional y**\n**certificaciones a m\u00e1s de 120 personas,** entre ellas mujeres y\nj\u00f3venes, mejorando sus cualificaciones y perspectivas de\nempleo en sectores competitivos.\n\n\n**Avance educativo mediante becas**\n\nEl ACNUR concedi\u00f3 becas, **copatrocinadas por el sector**\n**privado,** para que las personas adultas pudieran completar la\neducaci\u00f3n formal y recibir formaci\u00f3n en dise\u00f1o gr\u00e1fico,\nprepar\u00e1ndoles para las oportunidades de la econom\u00eda digital.\n\n\n**Apoyo empresarial**\n\nACNUR proporcion\u00f3 ayuda financiera para la creaci\u00f3n de\nempresas o la formaci\u00f3n profesional a m\u00e1s de **250 personas**,\nfomentando la autosuficiencia econ\u00f3mica y la resiliencia.\n\n\n**Pasant\u00edas e inserci\u00f3n laboral**\n\nEl programa piloto de pasant\u00edas de ACNUR tuvo un \u00e9xito\nsignificativo con m\u00e1s de **90 personas j\u00f3venes y adultas**\n\n\n\n**privado** para desarrollar soluciones conjuntas para los\ndesplazados forzosos, a trav\u00e9s de un programa de pasant\u00eda\nde tres meses. Esta colaboraci\u00f3n culmin\u00f3 con el compromiso\nde una empresa, que present\u00f3 una promesa en el Foro\nMundial sobre Refugiados (GRF, por su sigla en ingl\u00e9s).\n\n\n**Mejora de la ense\u00f1anza t\u00e9cnica y profesional**\n\nACNUR y sus socios ampliaron su apoyo a **28 centros de**\n**ense\u00f1anza t\u00e9cnica y profesional** (EFTP), mejorando el\ncontenido de los planes de estudio, la calidad de la\nense\u00f1anza y las infraestructuras para garantizar programas\nde formaci\u00f3n competitivos para la mano de obra.\n\n\n**Emprendimientos sociales a nivel comunitario**\n\nACNUR dio apoyo a **siete iniciativas empresariales sociales**\n**a nivel comunitario en zonas de alto riesgo**, destinadas a\nestimular el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico local y crear beneficios\nsostenibles para la comunidad.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c179915-ebb2-44bf-a1df-5901072dc303/UNCR%20Honduras%20%20Informe%20de%20fin%20de%20a%C3%B1o%20de%20medios%20de%20vida%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# Trabajo con socios\n\n**El ACNUR profundiz\u00f3 su compromiso de fomentar la**\n**autosuficiencia** **econ\u00f3mica** **entre** **las** **poblaciones**\n**desplazadas a trav\u00e9s de asociaciones estrat\u00e9gicas y**\n**mecanismos de coordinaci\u00f3n. El ACNUR contribuy\u00f3 con**\n**grupos de trabajo y cl\u00fasteres sectoriales, y con apoyo**\n**t\u00e9cnico y financiero a agencias gubernamentales clave**\n**como la Secretar\u00eda de Derechos Humanos (SEDH). La**\n**colaboraci\u00f3n del ACNUR con la SEDH, la Secretar\u00eda de**\n**Trabajo y Seguridad Social (SETRASS) y el Instituto**\n**Nacional de Formaci\u00f3n Profesional (INFOP) permiti\u00f3 un**\n**enfoque integral para abordar los retos del desplazamiento**\n**forzado.**\n\n# Retos y adaptaciones\n\n\nA pesar de estos logros, retos como la inestabilidad\necon\u00f3mica, la violencia generalizada, la continua\nestigmatizaci\u00f3n de las personas procedentes de\ncomunidades de alto riesgo y un importante desajuste entre\nlas cualificaciones y las demandas del mercado laboral\n\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, los esfuerzos de promoci\u00f3n del ACNUR dentro del\nMarco Integral de Protecci\u00f3n y Soluciones Regionales\n(MIRPS) han sido cruciales para compartir y adoptar las\nmejores pr\u00e1cticas regionales sobre empoderamiento\necon\u00f3mico. A nivel local, el ACNUR centr\u00f3 sus iniciativas en\nmunicipios como La Ceiba, Choluteca, Ocotepeque y San\nPedro Sula, donde el ACNUR trabaj\u00f3 para fortalecer las\ncapacidades de las ONG locales y otras partes interesadas.\nEstas colaboraciones no s\u00f3lo han mejorado la eficacia de los\nprogramas de respuesta, sino que tambi\u00e9n han garantizado\nque las intervenciones del ACNUR est\u00e9n bien alineadas con\nlas necesidades de las comunidades a las que el ACNUR\napoya, lo que conducir\u00e1 a resultados m\u00e1s sostenibles e\nimpactantes en 2023.\n\n\npueden obstaculizar la expansi\u00f3n potencial y el impacto a\nlargo plazo de estos programas. En respuesta, ACNUR\nmejor\u00f3 sus opciones de formaci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea y ampli\u00f3 las\ncolaboraciones con el sector privado para aumentar las\noportunidades de los participantes.\n\n\n# Impacto en la comunidad y perspectivas de futuro\n\n\n\nLas iniciativas de ACNUR contribuyeron a mejorar el\nbienestar econ\u00f3mico de muchas personas y han fomentado\nlas econom\u00edas locales mediante la promoci\u00f3n de\ntrabajadores cualificados y el fomento del crecimiento de las\npeque\u00f1as empresas. En 2024, ACNUR tiene previsto\n\n\n\nduplicar el alcance de sus programas de empoderamiento\necon\u00f3mico, centr\u00e1ndose en las competencias digitales y los\nempleos sostenibles desde el punto de vista medioambiental\npara alinearse con las tendencias econ\u00f3micas mundiales y\nlos objetivos de sostenibilidad.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c179915-ebb2-44bf-a1df-5901072dc303/UNCR%20Honduras%20%20Informe%20de%20fin%20de%20a%C3%B1o%20de%20medios%20de%20vida%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR Honduras > Medios de Vida > Informe de Fin de A\u00f1o 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n\n**el apoyo de las siguientes entidades**\n\n\n**y las contribuciones de nuestros donantes privados en**\n\n\n\nAustralia, Alemania, Espa\u00f1a, Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica, Jap\u00f3n, Reino Unido de Gran Breta\u00f1a e Irlanda del Norte y Suecia\n\n\n**Agradecemos el apoyo fundamental brindado por donantes que han contribuido**\n**a los programas globales de ACNUR en fondos flexibles.**\n\nA diciembre de 2023\n\n\nContacto: Caroline Scotti Vilain, Oficial Asociada de Reportes en Honduras, scottivi@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nwww.acnur.org/americas \u00b7 Portal Regional\nwww.acnur.org/honduras \u00b7 ACNUR Honduras\n\n\n\n@ACNURhonduras\n/ACNUR Honduras\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c179915-ebb2-44bf-a1df-5901072dc303/UNCR%20Honduras%20%20Informe%20de%20fin%20de%20a%C3%B1o%20de%20medios%20de%20vida%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_673/raw/doc_673_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_673/raw/doc_673_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c678e5d5c2fa0883c4e8a92dcbb2517601939fbd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_673/raw/doc_673_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE** **SAFETY AUDIT REPORT** **AUGUST 2023**\n\n## **LYANDA SITE - MUEDA** **CABO DELGADO** **MOZAMBIQUE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n##### **I.) INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT**\n\n\nThe purpose of GBV Safety Audits is to identify GBV risks and needs in a particular area to inform\nthe design and implementation of GBV prevention and response programs. In **August 2023**,\nUNHCR and Helpcode conducted a GBV Safety Audit in Lyanda Site, Mueda.\n\nThe site was opened in November 2021 to receive IDPs from the districts of Mueda, Nangade,\nPalma, Macomia and Muidumbe. Solidarities International is the Site Management Agency (SMA),\nin partnership with UNHCR. The site is home to 10,604 IDPs/3,061 households (53% children, 26%\nwomen, 5% older people, 214 people with disabilities identified). Facilities on site include: six\nreception facilities, one elementary school, one community center, one community protection space,\none market space, one recreational soccer space and one water point. A Site Management\nCommittee (SMC) was established to increase community participation.\n\nGBV activities in Lyanda are already ongoing, including GBV/PSEA awareness-raising activities;\ngroup psychosocial support sessions; recreational activities; individual GBV case management;\nindividual psychological support, and women\u2019s economic empowerment activities, making use of the\nwomen and girls safe spaces, as well as conducting home visits when necessary. Part of the\nUNHCR-Helpcode GBV project strategy also includes risk analysis and mitigation, which is why this\nGBV safety audit was carried out in August 2023, following up on the risks identified in the previous\none (2022).\n\n##### **II.) METHODOLOGY**\n\nThis GBV Safety Audit employed a mixed data collection methodology to include as many diverse\nperspectives as possible, including **(i) safety walks**, conducted by the authors of this report\naccompanied by community members, to observe with their own eyes possible GBV needs and risks,\nas well as general conditions of the given area; and **(ii) focus group discussions (FGDs)** with\ncommunity members of different ages and genders.\n\n\ni. **Safety walks:** Two safety walks were conducted.\n\nii. **FGDs:** Four FGDs of 10-15 people each, with boys, girls, men and women, were conducted.\nThe following is the age/gender/disability breakdown of the groups.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Age/gender
breakdown|Women
(18+ yrs)|Men
(18+ yrs)|Adolescent boys
(14-17 yrs)|Adolescent girls
(14-17 yrs)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Age/gender**
**breakdown**|17|16|12|14|\n|**# persons**
**with disability**|1|0|0|1|\n\n\n##### **III.) FINDINGS**\n\n###### **1.) Safety walks**\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n|Shelter &
infrastructure|\u25cf There is no night lighting in the public areas;
\u25cf Some of the families have received solar panels - those families are able
to have light in the afternoon;
\u25cf The condition of the houses depends on where you live: there are places
where there are no doors;
\u25cf Women report living, sleeping and doing household chores together with
all the children, sleeping on the floor;
\u25cf For distributions, delivery strategies have been implemented with
neighborhood division: the community says this is safer and faster;|\n|---|---|\n|**WASH (latrines,**
**showers, water**
**points)**|\u25cf The issue of water delivery is reported as a problem by women: long waits
in the_bixas_ - girls and women sometimes spend the night, even whole
days there to return still without water - exposed to verbal abuse during the
wait, very long arrival times when they have to go outside the center to pick
it up;
\u25cf Women and girls sometimes spend up to three days waiting for water at
communal water sources;
\u25cf The shared toilets are not enough according to the community. They lack
of privacy and are considered \"unsafe\";
\u25cf Lack of hygienic conditions and menstrual hygiene materials reported
especially by girls;|\n|**Community**
**(schools, friendly**
**spaces, health,**
**market) and**
**access to land**|\u25cf Primary schools are present inside and outside the neighborhood to allow
responding to the demand with toilets considered by the community as
\"adapted\" for children;
\u25cf Secondary schools are present only outside the center and represent a
greater concern on the part of the girls due to distance - sometimes as far
as the district of Nangade - and materials (the issue of discrimination in the
event of unwanted pregnancy was also mentioned);
\u25cf The community reports knowing different channels of reporting on issues
of violence: community leadership, protection spaces, the center's
management committee;
\u25cf More than 50% of the community interviewed reported having access to a
specific area of land on which to make_machambas_. Protection problems
related to_machambas_ refer to long distances, tensions with the host
community over the division of land and its use, discrimination and threats
from the host community;
\u25cf There's no health center inside the center;
\u25cf Post-exposure prophylaxis is not available at the nearest health center,
just in the town of Mueda;
\u25cf There is already a market in the community and the community says they
actively use it to gain access to products, but also as an opportunity to sell;
\u25cf Access to medical care is supported through MSF visits;|\n|**Freedom of**
**movement**|\u25cf The Lyanda community feels distant from the village and the job offers they
could find there, or from access to the wider market;
\u25cf Within the center, men don't identify dangerous places, while women
identify as \"more sensitive at night\" places where men have fun, such as
where alcohol is consumed;
\u25cf Due to the distance between Lyanda site and the village and the cost and
the scarcity of transport, mobilizing outside the center is very difficult for
the community;|\n|**Presence of**
**armed actors**|\u25cf The administrative post closest to the center that has a police station is the
Imbuo administrative center;
\u25cf Only the local militia (_For\u00e7a Local_) has access to the center, there is no
military presence;|\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n###### **2.) FGDs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|AREA|FINDINGS|\n|---|---|\n|**GBV risks**|\u25cf GBV risks identified when carrying out firewood and water collection activities
(distance and time of collection); those moments outside the centers are also
vulnerable to receiving threats from the host community due to their presence
in the area;
\u25cf The risk of child marriage is increased by the economic needs of families
living in poverty;
\u25cf High alcohol consumption, lack of work and the stress of not being able to
support one's family continue to be related as the strongest GBV risks factors
by women;
\u25cf Despite the presence of risks of physical and sexual violations and threats
perceived by women, the violence most recognized by women is economic
denial of resources against women and children because the assistance they
manage to receive ends up being sold in order to buy other products that
won't be used to support the family;
\u25cf The women highlighted the risks of violence due to the conditions of the
houses - lack of doors/locks - and the time it takes to build the houses for the
new arrivals - living together with other families in the same space for a while.|\n|

**Access to**
**services (legal,**
**physical/mental**
**health, safety and**
**others)**|
\u25cf A year after the audits carried out in 2022, the condition of access to
economic activities doesn't seem to have changed in the community's
perception: the biggest activities for those who manage to have one type of
activity is selling, specifically charcoal and firewood (an activity related to the
risks of GBV for women);
\u25cf The improvement of hygiene conditions was identified by all groups but still
not considered sufficient (especially when related to the menstrual cycle).
Specifically, women felt unable to personally resolve hygiene issues in
relation to toilets;
\u25cf Some of the men don't know about the activities of the protection house or
the specific services of GBV;
\u25cf Men and women report the lack of a \u201ccommunity neighborhood police group\u201d
and lack of trust with the police - who have been reported to carry out violent
acts, with no consequences for perpetrators -.
\u25cf Access to the hospital is complicated from the center of Lyanda due to lack of
transport and distance; the community reports that they know the health
center in Imbuo but that it has no medicines available and that it is in the
middle of the community next door - so they don't feel comfortable to go as it
is principally serving the host community -.
\u25cf None of the young women expressed the idea of staying in the place of
displacement as a possibility due to the relationship they feel with the host
community, the possibilities of continuing at school - which the women also
identified as difficult during secondary school age - and the activities/lifestyle
they have to lead in the center - lack of recreational and gathering moments,
but household chores/management of those they had in their place of origin,
fear of going out/frequenting some areas to play -.|\n|**Community**
**structures and**
**perceptions**|\u25cf 12/15 women who participated and all the girls and boys recognize the safe
space as an access point for community reports and activities;
\u25cf The men perceive the community structure as the only support structure for
protection cases and the community leadership as the only person/structure
with the right to have an opinion on those issues;|\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n\n\n|Col1|\u25cf Women recognize that they have a voice in the community (and in the family)
since when they have a space in the public organization - participation in the
Committees -;
\u25cf The boys highlighted the lack of a committee to share perceptions and
opinions from young people to community leadership.|\n|---|---|\n|**Accountability to**
**affected**
**populations**
**(AAP)**|
\u25cf The community reports approaching the community leading structure on
issues of conflict resolution, complaints, exclusion from services, requests for
information;
\u25cf The channels of organizations such as the hotline linha verde were reported
to be slow and not to provide an effective resolution;
\u25cf The type of response that the community wants from the conflict resolution
services is: community discussion/community court to pay the \"due fine\" and
they do not know about legal rights or Ipaj;
\u25cf There is still a low perception of the institutional channels for responding to
complaints and resolving conflicts, on the one hand, and on the other, there
is a lack of willingness to approach them due to a lack of trust and reports
from other people about the non-resolute consequences of the specific
services.|\n\n##### **3.) RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SECTOR|RECOMMENDATIONS|PENDING ACTION
POINTS 2022|ACTION POINTS 2023|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**GBV Risks**|To lower the risk identified
in water collection due to
malfunctions or water
shortages, the work of the
water committees and
their capacity to report
failures and resolve
problems quickly could be
strengthened;
|\u2022
Identify possible
partners for improving
water system.
\u2022
Re-establishment of
WASH committees
reflect the approach of
age, gender and
diversity, integration of
GBV/Protection in their
interventions, and
mitigate the risk of
SAEs;|\u2022
Connect with the
WASH cluster and
CCCM partners to
strengthen the Water
Committees and
PEAS policies;
\u2022
Analyze sustainable
and efficient water
collection strategies;|\n|**GBV Risks**|Reduce tensions
between the host
community and the
displaced community
outside the center, which
for women represents a
risk of verbal and physical
abuse;||\u2022
Protection actors:
advocate for funds
for community
sensitization
activities, and other
community-based
protection activities
regarding inclusion
with host community.|\n|**GBV Risks**|Connecting vulnerable
girls' families with job
creation/livelihood
programs, promoting
\u201cgroup structure\u201d (such as
group savings,_poupanca_,
etc) that allow an impact
for a larger number of|\u2022
Involve GBV AoR in
the creation of specific
Awareness Raising
materials for
childmarriage issues;
\u2022
Promote the use of
reference maps and|\u2022
Evaluate the status
of the
recommendations
made last year to
reduce the risks of
negative coping
mechanisms;|\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|people to reduce the risk
of child marriage, IPV,
denial of resources, and
other negative coping
mechanisms;|Protection Spaces as
reporting channels;
\u2022 Linking vulnerable
cases of child marriage
to livelihood activities
for reduce the socio-
economic vulnerability
of families;|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Improving the safety
conditions of the houses:
lack or condition of the
tarpaulin on the house,
time taken to build the
houses for the new
entrances, among others;|\u2022
Understand the
possibility of
building/placing locks
on houses;

|\u2022
Equip shelters with
locks;
\u2022
Prioritize families
already part of
protection programs
for the delivery of
additional materials;|\n||Improve community
engagement on protection
issues and reporting
channels with men and
boys;|\u2022
Specific community
engagement to build
links with men and
boys on the subject of
gender-based
violence;|\u2022
Creation of male
engagement
activities and positive
masculinity on the
part of the center's
protection actors;|\n|**Health**|Advocacy for a type of
transport to the central
hospital with regular
frequency to the center of
Lyanda;|\u2022
Engage with health
actors to see the
possibility of having
this service and
strengthen the speed
and efficiency of the
post-rape services;|\u2022
Evaluate the steps
taken by the health
actors at the center
and engage with the
hospital/SDSMAS to
see this possibility;
\u2022
Support the
government in
strengthening the
post-rape service of
the district's health
centers;|\n|**WASH**|Specific sexual and
reproductive health
programs for girls with
hygiene materials;

Enforcement of women's
ability to take care of the
hygienic conditions of
shared bathrooms when
necessary;|\u2022
Coordinate with WASH
actors to strengthen
the creation and
formation of Water
Committees
|\u2022
Creation of specific
sexual and
reproductive health
programs for girls
with advocacy for
hygiene materials by
GBV actors;
\u2022
Increasing women's
participation in the
Water Committees
and strengthening
their response
capacities;|\n|**Shelter**|Creating a young
committee to make youth
feeling the connection
with the decision making
processes in the site;||\u2022
Evaluate the
possibility with
CCCM;|\n|**Food**
**security**|Establish clear and official
limitations on the division|\u2022
Involve the HLP AoR
and the Protection|\u2022
Involve the HLP AoR
and the Protection|\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nLyanda Site, Mueda, August 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|of shared and cultivable
space in order to be able
to support families, also
due to the type of seeds
and the amount of water
(scarcity);|Cluster in the
discussion.|Cluster to see the
progress made since
last year on this
issue.|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Education**|Facilitate access to
secondary school to avoid
the drop-out process:
distance, families'
economic conditions, lack
of materials.|\u2022
Providing school
materials and access
to education to reach
teenage girls their
parents/caregiver|\u2022
Evaluate with the
Education Cluster
whether actions have
been taken and what
the challenges have
been in order to be
able to support them
through protection
programs as well;
\u2022
Create specific
programs for
adolescents to
recover and
reintegrate into
school;
\u2022
Introduce MHPSS
activities in the
Education system;|\n|**Livelihoods**|Improve the economic
empowerment activities
present in the center with
market studies in order to
connect families with an
economic livelihood
opportunity;|\u2022
Carry out a gender-
sensitive livelihood
assessment and
programming on the
site that could work to
impact behavior
change through to
normative changes in
the household, level of
power and decision-
making structures;|\u2022
Evaluate with the
FSL Cluster whether
any actor has been
able to respond to
these specific needs;|\n|**All sectors**|Follow up with qualitative
assessments of the
services present and
collaboration in response
to the needs identified;||\u2022
To raise the issues
highlighted at the
various multi-sectoral
stakeholder meetings
in Mueda;|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80fe3839-ccaf-44ba-9ed2-db33cca5bfc6/UNHCR-GBV%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_Lyanda-Mueda_August%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_674/raw/doc_674_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_674/raw/doc_674_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d7f80244689a6adaa47b7ec38c1a535d71f8f773..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_674/raw/doc_674_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,294 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**SEA MOVEMENT VIA THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN 2022** **MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF PEOPLE ARRIVING IN**\n**ITALY AND MALTA AFTER DEPARTING FROM ALGERIA** **[4]** **, LIBYA, AND**\n**TUNISIA IN 2022**\n\n\n\n19,545\n\n\n18,465\n\n\n\n15,120\n\n\n\nEgypt\n\n\nTunisia\n\n\nBangladesh\n\n\nSyrian Arab Republic\n\n\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire\n\n\nGuinea\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nEritrea\n\n\nCameroon\n\n\nAlgeria\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2,490\n\n\n2,143\n\n\n1,745\n\n\n1,403\n\n\n\n7,129\n\n\n6,440\n\n\n4,915\n\n\n8,108\n\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In 2022, more than 2,400 [5] migrants and refugees are known to have lost their lives or gone missing at sea while attempting to cross to Europe along the three Mediterranean routes (Eastern, Central and Western Mediterranean), an\nincrease of 17% compared to some 2,050 deaths recorded in 2021. Most of those deaths in 2022 (59%) took place on\nthe Central Mediterranean Route.\n\n\n\n**DEAD AND MISSING AT SEA IN 2022 ALONG THE**\n**MEDITERRANEAN ROUTES**\n\n\n\n**DEAD AND MISSING AT SEA BY YEAR ALONG THE CENTRAL**\n**MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE**\n\n\n\n1,550\n\n\n\n1,430\n\n\n\n1,250\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n59%\n\nCentral\n\n\n\n27%\n\n\n14%\n\n\n\nThe movement of migrants and refugees by boat across the Mediterranean Sea continues to be of critical concern to\nUNHCR and IOM due to the high risks those attempting the journey face. Those risks are aggravated because of limited\nState search and rescue (SAR) responses in some regions; the transfer of persons disembarked in Libya to arbitrary and\nprolonged detention in official and unofficial places of detention; the limited protection available in some countries in\nNorth Africa for migrants and refugees, particularly those with vulnerabilities, such as victims of trafficking, children and\nwomen or others with specific needs; and the very limited safe and regular pathways available for migrants and refugees, including those seeking to join family members in Europe.\n\n## SEA MOVEMENTS FROM LIBYA\n\nIn 2022, some 79,800 migrants and refugees are known to have attempted to cross the Mediterranean Sea from Libya\nto Europe, an increase of 23% compared to 2021 but still far below the numbers crossing annually between 2014 and\n2017. Among those who attempted the journey, 67% were disembarked in Italy, 1.2% in Tunisia, 0.5% in Malta, some\n278 persons (0.3%) elsewhere in Europe [6], while 31% were disembarked back in Libya. New trends in 2022 included a\nsubstantial increase in departures from Eastern Libya, predominantly using large fishing boats carrying 300 or more\npersons. According to the available data, the primary nationalities attempting to cross from Libya were Egyptians (36%),\nBangladeshis (28%), and Syrians (13%).\n\nAs of June 2022, UNHCR was no longer authorized to deploy staff to disembarkation points controlled by the Libyan\nCoast Guard in Tripoli to monitor the disembarkation of people rescued or intercepted at sea and returned to Libya.\nMore broadly in Western Libya, IOM retained direct access to all disembarkation points while UNHCR continued to\nhave direct access to the disembarkation point in Zawiyah and through its implementing partner in Tripoli. However, an\nestimated 45% of the disembarkations were not attended by any humanitarian actor because they were carried out by\nentities such as the Stabilization and Support Apparatus (SSA) in Western Libya that fall outside the authorities officially\nmandated to conduct interceptions or SAR operations and subsequent disembarkations in Libya.\n\nIn addition, in several instances, humanitarian actors were notified of disembarkations by the Libyan authorities only\nafter they had been commenced or at times concluded. As a result, humanitarian actors were not able to provide assistance for those being disembarked or identify individuals with international protection needs or other specific needs.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA**\n**2022**\n\n\n\n**DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF DISEMBARKATIONS**\n**FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n13%\n\n\nWomen 3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLibya\n\n31%\n\n\n\n67%\nItaly\n\n## SEA MOVEMENTS FROM TUNISIA\n\n\n\n\n\n84%\n\n\n\nIn 2022, some 58,900 migrants and refugees are known to have attempted to cross the sea from Tunisia to Europe,\na 45% increase compared to 2021. Among those who attempted the journey, 26,500 (45%) persons were rescued or\nintercepted and disembarked in Tunisia [7], while 32,371 (55%) persons arrived in Italy. Non-Tunisian nationals [8] constituted\n71% of all persons disembarked in Tunisia 2022 as opposed to 61% in 2021. The majority of arrivals in Italy from Tunisia\nwere Tunisians, followed by Ivorians, Guineans, and Cameroonians. [9]\n\n\n\n**DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM TUNISIA**\n**2022**\n\n\nTunisia 45%\n\n\n\n**DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF SEA ARRIVALS TO ITALY**\n**FROM TUNISIA**\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\nWomen\n\n19%\n\n\n\n\n\n55%\n\n\n\n\n\n66%\n\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA", - "confidence": 0.9069547057151794, - "start": 2, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF DISEMBARKATIONS", - "confidence": 0.7425145506858826, - "start": 16, - "end": 20 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "TUNISIA", - "confidence": 0.744354248046875, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9567639827728271, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.8396828770637512, - "start": 56, - "end": 59 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SEA MOVEMENTS FROM TUNISIA", - "confidence": 0.5419700145721436, - "start": 43, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "TUNISIA", - "confidence": 0.8707305788993835, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8468290567398071, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.76534104347229, - "start": 56, - "end": 59 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM TUNISIA", - "confidence": 0.6181216835975647, - "start": 169, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tunisia", - "confidence": 0.9267417788505554, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9776611924171448, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## KEY CONCERNS\n\nUNHCR and IOM remain extremely concerned by the continued high numbers of deaths in the Central Mediterranean\nSea.\n\nUNHCR and IOM note that SAR and disembarkations continue to be often an ad hoc and unpredictable process and\nthere needs to be more consistent responses by all coastal States to ensure that migrants and refugees are promptly\nrescued and disembarked in a place of safety, and receive timely assistance, counselling and orientation to appropriate\nservices.\n\nUNHCR and IOM are concerned about the disembarkation in Libya of persons intercepted or rescued and returned to\nLibya, which is not a place of safety for the purpose of disembarkation [10] . In 2022, persons who are disembarked in Libya\ncontinued to be transferred to official and unofficial places of detention without recourse to judicial review, and held in\nconditions that do not meet international standards on detention, with humanitarian actors not always having consistent\naccess to those detained. [11]\n\nUNHCR and IOM remain concerned about the absence of a clear formal process of release of migrants and refugees\nfrom official Department for Combating Illegal Migration (DCIM) detention centres. Since May 2022, UNHCR has not\nbeen able to facilitate the release of asylum-seekers and refugees from official DCIM detention centres despite actively\nadvocating for their release; the only successful releases have been of individuals for whom humanitarian evacuation\nor resettlement out of Libya was confirmed. IOM, through support from the embassies of migrant countries, frequently\nmanaged to secure release of individuals in vulnerable situations, such as children and medical cases. The majority of\nthose released were those voluntarily returning to their country of origin with IOM\u2019s assistance.\n\nUNHCR remains concerned about the limited protection space for people with international protection needs in Libya.\nUNHCR is permitted to register only nationals from nine countries. [12] In addition, there remain too few resettlement places\navailable for refugees in Libya, as well as those evacuated to the Emergency Transit Mechanisms in Niger and Rwanda.\n\nSimilarly, in addition to the lack of safe and regular pathways for the vast majority of migrants and refugees, there remain\nconcerns around protection risks involved in increasing irregular sea crossings.\n\n## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nIOM and UNHCR recommend that:\n\n**PLACE OF SAFETY**\n\n - States prioritize the increase of SAR capacity and ensure disembarkation in a place of safety. This includes ensuring\nthat the rescued persons are not returned to situations that may result in further harm and human rights violations,\nincluding collective expulsion, refoulement, or arbitrary detention, among others. [13]\n\n - Persons rescued or intercepted at sea should not be returned to Libya, as it is not a place of safety. [14]\n\n - The use of arbitrary detention in Libya must end, and custodial measures for migrants and refugees should be applied only in exceptional circumstances, where it is necessary, proportionate, and lawful.\n\n - Upon disembarkation, in line with Libyan national law, alternatives to detention should be made available as well as\nappropriate care arrangements for children, families and other vulnerable individuals ensured.\n\n - IOM, UNHCR, and other humanitarian organizations must be granted systematic access to formal sites of disembarkation by the mandated authorities in Libya to respond to the immediate needs of the persons disembarked, to\nidentify persons with international protection needs as well as vulnerable migrants.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ROLE OF NGOs**\n\n - States refrain from any measures that may hinder the rescue work of SAR NGO vessels, which provide much needed\nrescue capacity.\n\n\n**SAFE AND LEGAL ALTERNATIVES**\n\n - States expand regular pathways for migrants and refugees as one of the alternatives to perilous irregular journeys\nby sea.\n\n - Resettlement quotas for refugees in Libya and those evacuated to the Emergency Transit Mechanisms should be\nincreased. Resettlement quotas for refugees in the rest of North African countries should also be increased.\n\n - States maintain expedited processing in order to maximize evacuation opportunities for the Emergency Transit\nMechanisms.\n\n\n**RESPONSIBILITY SHARING**\n\n - States develop and implement broader regional responsibility sharing mechanisms to ensure swift and predictable\ndisembarkation and subsequent processing of persons rescued or intercepted at sea. [15]\n\n - States improve coordination between State entities and with private vessels to ensure greater predictability in SAR\noperations including by adopting a broad interpretation of the notion of distress at sea, in line with the definition\nprovided in the SAR Convention. [16]\n\n\n**PROTECTION-SENSITIVE BORDER MANAGEMENT**\n\n - States conduct swift identification and referral of persons with international protection needs, specific vulnerabilities\nor at heightened risk following rescue and interception operations and upon disembarkation, in particular women,\nchildren, and older persons, and adopt disembarkation procedures that ensure prevention of further harm and family separation. UNHCR and IOM stand ready to support with specific capacity development on protection-sensitive\nborder management needs to States.\n\n\n**AVAILABILITY OF DATA ON MIGRANT AND REFUGEE MOVEMENTS**\n\n - States work to improve the quality and availability of data and analysis on migrant and refugee movements. IOM\nand UNHCR stand ready to provide support including by developing joint methodologies and dedicating more of\ntheir own resources to better understand the situation of migrants and refugees undertaking dangerous journeys.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n1. These figures represent the total number of migrants and refugees who arrived in Italy and Malta through the Central Mediterranean Sea after departing\nfrom Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia in 2022. The numbers may include migrants and refugees who made more than one attempt to cross the sea from these\ncountries. These figures also include those who were intercepted or rescued by the authorities of Algeria, Libya and Tunisia and disembarked in these\ncountries in 2022.\n\n\nData on disembarkation in the three North African countries is sourced from a variety of channels, including official reports shared by national authorities,\nand media monitoring, and data gathered at the disembarkation points where UNHCR and IOM partners were present.\n\n\nData on arrivals in Italy and Malta is received from the Ministry of Interior of both countries.\n\n\n2. Central Mediterranean Route refers to sea departures from Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, and to sea arrivals to Italy and Malta through the Mediterranean\nSea.\n\n\n3. Sources: UNHCR, IOM, UNDSS, Italian MoI, Official website of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior and the social media pages of the Tunisian Ministry of\nInterior and Tunisian National Guard, media and social media monitoring.\n\n\n4. Arrivals from Algeria were also recorded in Spain, but these fall outside the scope of this factsheet.\n\n\n5. See IOM [Missing Migrants Project and UNHCR](https://missingmigrants.iom.int/) [Dead and Missing at Sea dashboard to explore data. The numbers of dead and missing in this factsheet](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/95?sv=0&geo=0&_gl=1*1ju2cm2*_rup_ga*MTQ0ODMwODQ4Ny4xNjgzNjQxNzc2*_rup_ga_EVDQTJ4LMY*MTY5NjU3OTI3OS40NzkuMS4xNjk2NTc5MjgxLjAuMC4w*_ga*MTQ4NzQwNzY4Mi4xNjAxNDkyNDEz*_ga_6ZVBCLCZXK*MTY5NjU3OTI3OS40NDMuMS4xNjk2NTc5MjgxLjAuMC4w#_ga=2.195999276.18342678.1696230784-1487407682.1601492413)\nrelate to the incidents that took place on the three Mediterranean routes for which IOM and UNHCR has received a sufficient level of detail. Because data\non deaths during sea crossings are highly incomplete, these figures are rounded to reflect the fact that the true number of lives lost in the Mediterranean\nis not known.\n\n\n6. Among those who departed from Libya in 2022, some 234 persons disembarked in France, and 18 in Greece. The 234 persons were rescued by the\nSAR vessel Ocean Viking, chartered by the SAR NGO SOS M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, in the Mediterranean Sea were disembarked in Toulon, France on 11 November\n2022. This disembarkation took place following a 10 day standoff off the Italian coast, during which SOS M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e did not receive authorization for\ndisembarkation in Italy. The 18 persons in Greece were rescued by the Hellenic Coast Guard on 15 May 2022, and were brought to the port of Kalamata.\n\n\n7. Source: Official website of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior and the social media pages of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior and Tunisian National Guard.\n\n\n8. A precise breakdown of nationalities for non-Tunisians disembarked in Tunisia is not available.\n\n\n9. Sources: UNHCR, Tunisian authorities official social media pages, and media sources.\n\n\n10. See: UNHCR, Position on the Designations of Libya as a Safe Third Country and as a Place of Safety for the Purpose of Disembarkation Following Rescue at Sea, September 2020, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f1edee24.html; and Joint IOM and UNHCR Press Release, IOM and UNHCR](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f1edee24.html)\n[condemn the return of migrants and refugees to Libya, 16 June 2021, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn-](https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn-return-migrants-and-refugees-libya)\n[return-migrants-and-refugees-libya](https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/iom-and-unhcr-condemn-return-migrants-and-refugees-libya)\n\n\n11. See OHCHR Press Release, 27 March 2023, available at: [https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/libya-urgent-action-needed-remedy-de-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/libya-urgent-action-needed-remedy-deteriorating-human-rights-situation-un)\n[teriorating-human-rights-situation-un](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/libya-urgent-action-needed-remedy-deteriorating-human-rights-situation-un)\n\n\n12. These are Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Palestine, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen.\n\n\n13. International Maritime Organization\u2019s MSC.167(78) \u2013 Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea Microsoft Word \u2013 26-Add.2.doc (imo.org).\n\n\n14. See: UN Security Council, United Nations Support Mission in Libya Report of the Secretary-General (5 April 2023) S/2023/248, para. 96; and UN Security Council, United Nations Support Mission in Libya Report of the Secretary-General (19 January 2021) S/2021/62, para. 107.\n\n\n15. See for instance UNHCR and IOM, Proposal for a regional cooperative arrangement ensuring predictable disembarkation and subsequent processing of persons rescued-at-sea, 27 June 2018, available at: [https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrange-](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrangement-ensuring-predictable-disembarkation.html)\n[ment-ensuring-predictable-disembarkation.html. See also https://www.unhcr.org/eg/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2021/08/Final-Recommenda-](https://www.unhcr.org/partners/eu/5b35e60f4/proposal-regional-cooperative-arrangement-ensuring-predictable-disembarkation.html)\n[tions-Mixed-Movements-in-Central-Mediterranean.pdf](https://www.unhcr.org/eg/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2021/08/Final-Recommendations-Mixed-Movements-in-Central-Mediterranean.pdf)\n\n\n16.The SAR Convention defines the \u201cdistress phases\u201d as \u201ca situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that a person, a vessel or other craft is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.\u201d\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR I JOINT ANNUAL OVERVIEW FOR 2022 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official reports", - "confidence": 0.6113464832305908, - "start": 106, - "end": 108 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9770639538764954, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.9711381793022156, - "start": 14, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on arrivals in Italy and Malta", - "confidence": 0.5439549088478088, - "start": 132, - "end": 139 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7440400123596191, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.6263088583946228, - "start": 14, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data\non deaths during sea crossings", - "confidence": 0.9297749400138855, - "start": 306, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mediterranean Sea", - "confidence": 0.5568608045578003, - "start": 383, - "end": 385 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9658967852592468, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media pages", - "confidence": 0.5193977952003479, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tunisia", - "confidence": 0.9586151242256165, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6739738583564758, - "start": 598, - "end": 599 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-Tunisians", - "confidence": 0.830900251865387, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7461b049-a0f3-40ae-9ca8-c8576a32de5b/UNHCR-IOM%20Joint%20Annual%20overview%20for%202022-%20FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_675/raw/doc_675_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_675/raw/doc_675_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c467ab6cf574e5e83709c37161f16086c7f32206..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_675/raw/doc_675_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,391 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **2**\n\n\n\nSince its independence in 1948, Myanmar has suffered\ndeep political contestation, internal conflict and instability. Over the years, there have been numerous clashes,\nsubsequent ceasefires and attempts at the creation of\nautonomous areas for self-administration, yet the lack of\nconsensus among the parties has resulted in continuing\nconflict. The military takeover on 1 February 2021 exacerbated existing conflict in Rakhine State and the south-east\nand led to new conflict in the north-west and north-east,\nregions that had not been subject to recent conflict. As\nof Feburary 2024, the United Nations reported that more\nthan 2.6 million people within Myanmar had been internally displaced and were in need of humanitarian assistance to meet their basic needs. Persons with disabilities,\nin particular, were disproportionately impacted.\n\n\nAccording to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with\nDisabilities, the concept of disability includes those who\nhave long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory\nimpairments, which in interaction with various attitudinal\nand environmental barriers hinder their full participation\nin society on an equal basis with others. While persons with\ndisabilities may face discrimination and marginalization,\nwomen and girls with disabilities may also face multiple\nforms of gender-based discrimination, which significantly increase their vulnerability and likelihood of exposure to\nviolence, sexual abuse, neglect, maltreatment and exploitation. Forced displacement places additional barriers and\nchallenges on persons with disabilities. Disrupted support\n\n\n1. [WHO Factsheet on Disability, 7 March 2023.](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health)\n\n\n\nnetworks, discrimination, limited resources and scant access to basic services, among others, all contribute to heightened vulnerability.\n\n\nToday, an estimated 1.3 billion people, or 16 per cent of the\nworld\u2019s population, experience disability. [1] Some of these\nare refugees from Myanmar, largely of Rohingya ethnicity, and who constitute one of the world\u2019s largest displaced\npopulation groups. This factsheet examines available disability data, focusing on forcibly displaced populations from\nMyanmar, and sheds light on gender gaps in disability\nprevalence, related care provision and protection needs.\nBox 1 contains an overview of the methodology and box 2\ncontains a glossary of terms.\n\n\nMyanmar is second only to Afghanistan among countries in\nAsia and the Pacific countries in the number of refugees by\ncountry of origin, and it is sixth in the world. An estimated 1.3\nmillion refugees and asylum-seekers from Myanmar live in\nAsia and the Pacific. Of these, 1.2 million are registered by the\nOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR) alone, or jointly with national governments. Refugees from Myanmar reside predominantly in Bangladesh.\n\n\nOf the total 1.5 million refugees and asylum-seekers registered by UNHCR in Asia and the Pacific, only 2 per cent\n(32,000 people) experience disabilities. Among registered\nMyanmar refugees and asylum seekers, 1 per cent (13,941\npeople) have one or more disabilities recorded.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available disability data", - "confidence": 0.6792783737182617, - "start": 371, - "end": 374 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.5405809879302979, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.8794371485710144, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **4**\n\n###### **Disabilities affect women and men differently.** **More women suffer vision-related and emotional** **difficulties, while more men have impaired mobility.**\n\n\n\nAn estimated 44 per cent of the registered refugee population with disabilities from Myanmar are women and girls,\nand the remaining 56 per cent are men and boys (figure 1).\nThis imbalance occurs partly because there are more men\nthan women refugees, and partly because displaced men\nare slightly likelier to be affected by a disability: 1.17 per cent\nof displaced men experience a disability, compared to 0.97\nper cent of displaced women. They are largely located in\nBangladesh and Thailand, host countries with a large population of refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar. [2]\nAmong these, an estimated 10 per cent of men and 9 per\ncent of women experience disabilities (figure 2) [3] .\n\n\n\nDisabilities related to vision and emotional/behavioural\nissues are the most prevalent among both women and\nmen, with women likelier than men to suffer these types of\ndifficulties. [4] Men, however, are more likely to experience\ncomplete impairment in vision and acute behavioural and\ncommunication-related difficulties. Men are also more\nlikely than women to suffer lower- and upper-body mobility impairments, while women experience hearing loss\nmore frequently (figure 3).\n\n\n\n**Figure 1. Proportion of Myanmar refugees with disabilities, by sex (percentage)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. UNHCR, 2022, [Asia and the Pacifc Regional Trends 2022.](https://www.unhcr.org/asia/asia-pacific-regional-trends)\n\n3. A person was recorded as having a disability if they responded \u201ca lot of difficulty\u201d or \u201ccannot do it at all\u201d. This classification may differ from estimates obtained from surveys and censuses, which classify a person as having a disability if they respond \u201csome difficulty, \u201ca lot of difficulty\u201d or \u201ccannot do it at all\u201d\n\n4. Age and Disability Assessment in Cox\u2019s Bazar conducted by REACH (May 2021) shows high prevalence of those with difficulty controlling emotions and\nbehaviours (i.e. difficulties functioning in anxiety and depression), while prevalence for vision impairment was low.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age and Disability Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7372384667396545, - "start": 393, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.7222675085067749, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.851961076259613, - "start": 398, - "end": 402 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **5**\n\n\n\n**Figure 2. Proportion of Myanmar**\n**refugees with disabilities, by sex and**\n**level of difficulty (percentage)**\n\n\n**Women and girls**\n\n\n9%\n**Cannot do it at all**\n\n91%\n**A lot of difficulty**\n\n\n**Men and boys**\n\n\n10%\n**Cannot do it at all**\n\n90%\n**A lot of difficulty**\n\n\nNote: A person was recorded as having a disability if they responded \"a lot\nof difficulty\" or \"cannot do it at all\". This classification may differ from\nestimates obtained from surveys and censuses, which classify a person as\nhaving a disability if they respond \"some difficulty, \"a lot of difficulty\" or\n\"cannot do it at all\".\n\n\n\n**Figure 3: Proportion of Myanmar**\n**refugees with disabilities, by sex and**\n**functional domain (percentage)**\n\n\n**Women and girls**\n\n**Men and boys**\n\n\n\n**A lot of** **Cannot**\n**difficulty** **do it at all**\n\n\n\nVision\n\n\n\n**23%**\n\n**27%** **1%**\n**1%**\n\n\n\n**23%**\n\n\n\nEmotions\nand behaviour\n**20%**\n\n\nLower body\nmobility\n**13%**\n\n\nUpper body\nmobility\n**4%**\n\n**22%**\n\n\n**14%**\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\n**3%**\n\n**4%**\n\n**2%**\n**1%**\n\n**1%**\n**1%**\n\n**1%**\n**0%**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\nRemembering or\n\nconcentrating\n\n\n\n**2%**\n**2%**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.7080673575401306, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.991216778755188, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.8833780288696289, - "start": 15, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7786011099815369, - "start": 149, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.880815327167511, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7824452519416809, - "start": 38, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "censuses", - "confidence": 0.8652098178863525, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.9024351835250854, - "start": 190, - "end": 191 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9424865245819092, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Upper body\nmobility", - "confidence": 0.7769076824188232, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Remembering or\n\nconcentrating", - "confidence": 0.5216727256774902, - "start": 430, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **6**\n\n###### **Most refugees are of Rohingya ethnicity. Their** **likelihood of experiencing disabilities is lower than** **groups from south-east Myanmar.**\n\n\n\nAlthough the Rohingya population made up less than 2 per\ncent of the people that resided in Myanmar prior to 2017,\nthey account for an estimated 88 per cent of all registered\nrefugees from Myanmar in the region. This is the single largest ethnic group among Myanmar refugees, followed distantly by ethnic groups from south-east Myanmar (8 per\ncent). However, the Rohingya\u2019s share among refugees from\nMyanmar that experience disabilities stands roughly at 72\nper cent, while that of groups from south-east Myanmar\nstands at slightly more than 20 per cent. This shows that the\ndisability prevalence among Rohingya refugees is lower\nthan that of groups from south-east Myanmar, highlighting\nthat the latter are disproportionately affected (figure 4).\n\n\n**Figure 4. Proportion of Myanmar**\n**refugees with disabilities, by sex and**\n**ethnicity (percentage)**\n\n\n**Women and girls**\n\n\n\n**Figure 5: Proportion of Rohingya**\n**refugees with disabilities, by sex and**\n**functional domain (percentage)**\n\n\n**Women and girls**\n\n**Men and boys**\n\n\nEmotions\nand behaviour\n**19%**\n\n\nLower body\nmobility\n**18%**\n\n\nUpper body\nmobility\n**5%**\n\n\nRemembering or\n\nconcentrating\n**3%**\n\n**22%**\n\n\n**18%**\n\n\n**14%**\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n\n**Men and boys**\n\n\n\n73%\n\n21%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n72%\n20%\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n**Rohingya**\n\n\n**Ethnic groups**\n**from South-east**\n**Myanmar**\n\n**Other**\n\n\n**Rohingya**\n\n\n**Ethnic groups**\n**from South-east**\n**Myanmar**\n\n**Other**\n\n\n\nOnly disability\nstatus recorded\nbut not sub-type\n\n\n\n**30%**\n**33%**\n\n\n\nNote: Some people may have multiple disabilities. Thus, the percentages\nmay add up to more than 100.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figure 4", - "confidence": 0.5132166147232056, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "south-east Myanmar", - "confidence": 0.5533478856086731, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.5083270072937012, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability\nstatus", - "confidence": 0.6858789920806885, - "start": 435, - "end": 437 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Men and boys", - "confidence": 0.6196601390838623, - "start": 363, - "end": 366 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **7**\n\n\n\nEmotional and behavioural issues, coupled with vision-related impairments are the two most prevalent functional difficulties among Rohingya refugees, with more women affected than men. These may pose important challenges for\npeople living in displacement settings, as they may limit opportunities to access key information or livelihood opportunities. Men, on the other hand, are more likely than women\nto experience mobility issues, both upper- and lower-body\nrelated, which may limit their ability to move around camps\n\n\n\nand access hygiene facilities. People with severe mobility\nimpairment will require care provision from family members\nor others, which is often provided by women.\n\n\nIt is important to note, however, that data quality limitations\nmay hinder accurate estimates by type of difficulty. Although interviewers recorded the existence of disabilities for 33\nper cent of women and 30 per cent of men, the type of impairment was not specified (figure 5).\n\n\n###### **Limited access to education may thwart livelihood** **opportunities in displacement settings, especially** **for women with disabilities.**\n\n\n\nLower levels of educational attainment may be barriers\nto decent livelihood opportunities. [5] Those who have not\ncompleted primary or secondary education may encounter challenges joining skill development programmes in\ndisplacement settings and in host countries. Among refugees with disabilities, women are more likely than men\nto lack an education, including among Rohingya populations (infographic 1). While educational attainment is low\nfor Myanmar refugees with disabilities overall, more men\nthan women completed primary and secondary educa\n\n\ntion (figure 6). These gaps were even wider among Rohingya populations, which have overall lower levels of educational attainment, particularly among women.\n\n\nFor Myanmar refugees with disabilities, the three most\ncommon impairments include vision (25 per cent),\nlower-body mobility (15 per cent) and difficulties in controlling emotions and behaviour (11 per cent); all of which\nmay pose additional barriers to accessing livelihood opportunities, compounding educational limitations.\n\n\n\n**Infographic 1. Education and disabilities in displacement settings**\n\n\n\n\n\n**AMONG**\n**MYANMAR**\n**REFUGEES**\n\n\n\n\n\n5. Chulalongkorn University and UNICEF Thailand, 2022, [Investing in a Global Future: A Situational Analysis of Migrant Children\u2019s Education in Thailand.](https://www.unicef.org/thailand/reports/investing-global-future)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **8**\n\n\n**Figure 6: Proportion of Myanmar refugees with disabilities, by sex and**\n**educational attainment (percentage)**\n\n\n\n**Myanmar women and girls**\n\n**Myanmar men and boys**\n\n\n\n**Rohingya women and girls**\n\n**Rohingya men and boys**\n\n\n**Myanmar** **Rohingya**\n\n\n\n\n\n**57%**\n**54%**\n\n\n**32%**\n**23%**\n\n\n**3%**\n**3%**\n\n\n**6%**\n**14%**\n\n\n**0%**\n**4%**\n\n\n**0.02%**\n**0.05%**\n\n\n\nInformal\neducation\n\n\nKindergarten\n\n\nPrimary\n\n\nSecondary\n\n\nVocational\n/Tertiary\n\n\n\n**24%**\n**18%**\n\n\n**3%**\n**2%**\n\n\n**9%**\n**15%**\n\n\n**1%**\n**5%**\n\n\n**0.08%**\n**0.2%**\n\n\n\nNote: Some people may have multiple disabilities. Thus, the percentages may add up to more than 100. Primary school includes grades 1\u20136;\nSecondary school includes grades 7\u201314. Blank and unknown categories have been excluded from the graph.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **9**\n\n###### **Older women are more likely than men to have** **disabilities, and require additional support.**\n\n\n\nMost refugees with disabilities require care and targeted\nsocial protection systems. Their needs are exacerbated by\nage, as older populations typically require additional special\nattention. Older women with disabilities are slightly overrepresented among the population of older refugees with disabilities, making up slightly more than 50 per cent of refugees with disabilities aged 60 and older, and 52 per cent of\nolder Rohingya refugees with disabilities. These shares are\nhigher than their representation in their overall registered\nrefugee population (44 and 43 per cent, respectively).\n\n\n\nThe chances of experiencing disabilities increase over a person\u2019s lifetime. Thus, although less than 1 per cent of children in\ndisplacement have disabilities, the percentage increases to 9\nper cent of women and 7 per cent of men aged 60 and older\n(figure 7). Rohingya refugees are less likely than the overall\nrefugee population from Myanmar to experience disabilities.\nAs women and girls with disabilities face systematic discrimination and marginalization, both on the basis of gender and\ndisability status, protection measures against abuse, neglect,\nviolence, exploitation and trafficking are necessary. [6,7] This is\nespecially critical for older women, who may suffer further\ndiscrimination and abuse because of their age.\n\n\n\n**Figure 7: Proportion of Myanmar refugees with disabilities, by sex, age group**\n**and ethnicity (percentage)**\n\n\n8\n\n\n6\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n0\n0-17 18 - 59 60 +\n\n\n\n**Total population - Women and girls**\n\n**Total population - Men and boys**\n\n\n\n**Rohingya - Women and girls**\n\n**Rohingya - Men and boys**\n\n\n\nNote: The responses from those who chose the sex category \u2018other\u2019 have been omitted as the number of respondents was too small to\ngenerate accurate estimates.\n\n\n6. UNHCR highlights that many forcibly displaced children will spend their entire childhoods away from home, sometimes separated from their families.\nSee: UNHCR, 2022, [Asia and the Pacifc Regional Trends. Forced displacement and statelessness.](https://www.unhcr.org/asia/asia-pacific-regional-trends)\n\n7. Girls with disabilities are subject to multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence, which constitute violations of their rights. See: UNICEF,\nUN Women, WHO, ILO, FAO, UNDP, UNFPA and UNPRPD, 2023, Working together to ensure the rights of girls with disabilities to live free from violence\n(New York, UNICEF).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **10**\n\n###### **Women in displacement shoulder heavier care** **burdens, especially in households with at least one** **person with disabilities.**\n\n\n\nThe provision of care is key for meeting the basic needs of refugees with disabilities. This is particularly important when people with disabilities flee alone or on small household groups\nthat place too much care strain on one or two people, such\nas single adult households with children and/or older people\nwith disabilities. While information on marital status at the time\nof displacement may not equate to the actual composition of\neach household, the analysis is still useful to inform targeted\npolicies that reach vulnerable groups for further protection.\n\n\nOverall, 12,969 Myanmar refugee households include at least\none person with disabilities. Most of these are double adult [8]\nhouseholds, with adults married or in a union (74 per cent).\nThe remaining households are run by a single adult woman\nor man. Single adult households registered to women make\n\n\n\nup 18 per cent of households with people with disabilities, and\n8 per cent are registered to men (figure 8). [9] This roughly aligns with the overall household composition for populations in\ndisplacement, as single adult women are typically more likely\nthan single adult men to take children or other household\nmembers with them when they flee.\n\n\nSingle women may particularly struggle to provide care services to family members with disabilities, especially since\nthey likely have to balance these responsibilities with earning\nan income. Given that more men than women have severe\nmobility-related difficulties, and in light of social norms that\ntypically put women in charge of caregiving chores, women in\ndouble-adult households are also likely to carry much heavier\ncare provision burdens if a household member has a disability.\n\n\n\n**Figure 8: Proportion of households with people with disabilities, by type of**\n**household and sex of the registration focal point (percentage)**\n\n\n**Registered to a woman**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Registered to a man**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8. Double adult households are groups of people with more than one adult, regardless of their sex. They may include groups with a married couple, groups\nwith an adult with their parent, or any groups with more than one adult family member\n\n9. At the time of registration for asylum seeker status, a representative for the household is identified by the family. Depending on cultural context, this has\ncommonly been identified as an adult male representative if present within the household.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **11**\n\n\n**Infographic 2. Composition of households hosting people with disabilities in**\n**displacement settings**\n\n\n\nAMONG **DOUBLE ADULT** HOUSEHOLDS WITH AMONG **SINGLE ADULT** HOUSEHOLDS WITH\nPEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:\n\n\n\n**Were registered**\n**to a man in a union**\n\n\n##### 32%\n\n\n\n**Were registered**\n**to a man**\n\n\n##### 24%\n\n**Were registered**\n**to a woman in a union**\n\n\n##### 68%\n\n\n\n**Were registered**\n**to a woman**\n\n\n###### **Refugee women are more likely than men to cope with** **disabilities alone, as half of them are not married.**\n\n\n\nMost refugee households registered to men include a married couple (87 per cent). For women, however, this figure only\namounts to 51 per cent, meaning that roughly half of refugee\nhouseholds registered to women have women caring alone\nfor someone with a disability, or the woman herself has a disability. Traditionally, widowers are more likely than widows\nto remarry, which explains why only 4 per cent of households\nwhere someone has a disability are registered to widowed\n\n\n\nmen, compared to 35 per cent in the case of women (figure\n9). The same is true for remarriage after divorce. For refugee\nwomen with disabilities, living without a partner may pose\nsignificant challenges, both associated with care burdens\n(if they have to care for dependents with disabilities), with\naccess to services (if they have disabilities themselves), and\nwith the double stigma associated with having disabilities\nand being widowed, divorced or separated.\n\n\n\n**Figure 9: Marital status distribution in households with people with disabilities,**\n**by sex of the registration focal point (percentage)**\n\n\n\n51% 35%\n**Married** **Widowed**\n\n\n\n\n\n7%\n**Single**\n\n\n\n4%\n**Widowed**\n\n1%\n**Divorced/**\n**Separated**\n\n\n\n6%\n**Single**\n\n\n\n7%\n**Divorced/**\n**Separated**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **12**\n\n###### **In households where someone has a disability,** **single women are almost twice as likely as single** **men to have children under their care. This** **multiplies the care burdens.**\n\n\n\nMost refugee double-adult households with people with\ndisabilities have children (82 per cent of those registered\nto men, and 79 per cent of those registered to women). In\nhouseholds with a single adult, however, women are more\nlikely than men to have children living with them (44 per\ncent of single women households, compared to 26 per\ncent) (figure 10). For them, disability-specific care provision\n(such as helping with mobility or communication), coupled\nwith other care work for household members (feeding,\nwashing, cooking) may be particularly taxing, as they are\nlikely performing it alone. In displacement settings, this\nmay leave them little time for essential tasks, such as accessing services, benefitting from training programmes or\nearning an income.\n\n\n**Figure 10: Proportion of refugee**\n**households with people with**\n**disabilities, with and without children,**\n**by marital status and sex of the**\n**registration focal point (percentage)**\n\n\n\nNot only are single, divorced, separated and widowed women more likely to live in households with children, but they\nalso have more children under their care compared to men\n(figure 11). The average size for refugee households registered\nto these women is consistently higher than that of households\nregistered to single, divorced, separated and widowed men.\nConsidering that this refers to households where at least one\nperson has disabilities, women\u2019s care burdens are likely to be\nsubstantial in these single-adult households.\n\n\n**Figure 11: Average size of refugee**\n**households where someone has a**\n**disability, by sex of the registration**\n**focal point and marital status (average**\n**number of people)**\n\n\n**Women and girls**\n\n**Men and boys**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n**3.2**\n\n\n\n**Registered to a woman with children**\n\n**Registered to a man with children**\n\n\n\n**Without children**\n\n**Without children**\n\n\n\n\n\nadult\n\n\n\n\n\nSingle\nadult\n\n\n\n\n\nSingle\n\n\n\n**2**\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** **A** factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from MyanmarMyanmar factsheet **13**\n\n\n## **LEAVING** **NO REFUGEES** **WITH** **DISABILITIES** **BEHIND**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**disability and women and girls in displacement:** A factsheet on refugees and asylum seekers from Myanmar **14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9941a828-311c-4174-94eb-d8f9ad1e0838/UNHCR-UNW%20Disability%20and%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20displacement%20from%20Myanmar.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_676/raw/doc_676_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_676/raw/doc_676_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 47f6b28db5b7216bf5f58b4359e426a4e1f1f1ee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_676/raw/doc_676_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\ufe91\ufbff\ufe8e\u0646 \ufebb\ufea4\ufed4\ufef2**\n\n**\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufed8\ufeae \ufbfe\ufe98\ufecc\ufee4\ufed6 \u0648\ufbfe\ufec4\ufeee\u0644 \u0623\ufee3\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe91\ufbff\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\ufbff\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\ufbfe\ufbff\ufee6 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe98\ufee4\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a 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\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufea0\ufe8e\u0648\u0631\u0629\ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\ufbfe\ufe8e5.6\u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufee0\ufeaa\u0627\u0646\n\n\ufebf\ufbff\ufed4\ufe96 \u0625\ufedf\ufbff\ufeea \ufe97\ufed8\ufeaa\ufbfe\ufeae\u0627\u062a \ufecb\ufeaa\u062f \ufecf\ufbff\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\u064f\ufeb4\ufea0\ufc60\ufee0\ufbff\ufee6 \ufedb\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\ufbff\ufee6 \ufed3\ufef2 \ufeeb\ufeac\u0647 \u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufee0\ufeaa\u0627\u0646 .\u0648\ufbfe\ufeb0\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0625\ufe9f\ufee4\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef2 \ufecb\ufeaa\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufeee\u0631\ufbfe\ufbff\ufee6 \ufecb\ufee6 \u0630\ufedf\ufeda \u0625\u0630\u0627 \ufee3\ufe8e \u0623 [\u064f]\n\n\n**:\ufedf\ufefc\ufe97\ufebc\ufe8e\u0644**\n\n\n**.\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufed4\ufeee\ufebf\ufbff\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufee3\ufbff\ufe94 \ufedf\ufef8\ufee3\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\u0629 \ufedf\ufeb8\ufe86\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8c\ufbff\ufee6**\n\n[49 58 04 790 962+ :\u060c \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed2aminr@unhcr.org :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufecb\ufee4\u0651\ufe8e\u0646. \u0631\u0648\ufefb \u0623\ufee3\ufbff\ufee6\u060c \ufe91\ufeae\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0625\ufedf\ufedc\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufef2](mailto:aminr@unhcr.org)\n\n[473 825 791 962+ :\u060c \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed2kirchhof@unhcr.org \u060c\ufed3\ufef2 \ufecb\ufee4\u0651\ufe8e\u0646. \u0623\ufee7\ufeaa\u0631\ufbfe\ufe8e\u0633 \ufedb\ufbff\ufeae\ufeb7\ufeee\u0641](mailto:kirchhof@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**\u0627\ufedf\ufe92\ufee8\ufeda \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\ufedf\ufef2**\n\n[1 (-202) -473-1187 :\ufed3\ufef2 \u0648\u0627\ufeb7\ufee8\ufec4\ufee6: \u0623\ufeb7\ufeae\u0641 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb4\ufecc\ufbff\ufeaa\u060c \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed2 aalsaeed@worldbank.org](mailto:aalsaeed@worldbank.org) :\u060c \ufe91\ufeae\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0625\ufedf\ufedc\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufef2\n\n\n[\u060c \ufe91\ufeae\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0625\ufedf\ufedc\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufef2438-963-1- 961 :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufe91\ufbff\ufeae\u0648\u062a: \u0632\ufbfe\ufee8\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufee0\ufbff\ufede\u060c \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed2 zelkhalil@worldbank.org](mailto:zelkhalil@worldbank.org)\n\n[g :\u060c \ufe91\ufeae\ufbfe\ufeaa \u0625\ufedf\ufedc\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufef2215-277-798-962 :\ufed3\ufef2 \ufecb\ufee4\u0651\ufe8e\u0646. \ufee7\ufe92\ufbff\ufede \u062f\u0631\u0648\ufbfe\ufeb6\u060c \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufe97\ufed2 ndarweesh@worldbank.or](mailto:ndarweesh@worldbank.or)\n\n\n:\ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufeb0\ufbfe\ufeaa \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a\u060c \ufbfe\ufeae\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0632\ufbfe\ufe8e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeee\ufed7\ufeca\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n[www.worldbank.org/mna](http://www.worldbank.org/mna)\n\n\n:\ufe97\ufe8e\ufe91\ufecc\ufeee\ufee7\ufe8e \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0\n\n\n:\ufed3\ufbff\ufeb4\ufe92\ufeee\u0643\n\n[/https://www.facebook.com/UNHCR](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCR/)\n\n\n[/https://www.facebook.com/WorldBankMiddleEastNorthAfrica](https://www.facebook.com/WorldBankMiddleEastNorthAfrica)\n\n\n:\ufe97\ufeee\ufbfe\ufe98\ufeae\n\nhttp://www.twitter.com/refugees\n\n\nhttp://www.twitter.com/worldbankmena\n\n\n:\ufbfe\ufeee\ufe97\ufbff\ufeee\u0628\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99b3ad40-70a3-37bb-b86f-878fb158b32f/UNHCR-WB%20COVID%2019%20report%20-PR-Arabic%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "https://www.youtube.com/user/unhcr\n\n[http://www.youtube.com/worldbank](http://www.youtube.com/worldbank)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/99b3ad40-70a3-37bb-b86f-878fb158b32f/UNHCR-WB%20COVID%2019%20report%20-PR-Arabic%20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_677/raw/doc_677_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_677/raw/doc_677_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1a47a4fb9c69cc3500f36a0910ac8e4fac55049e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_677/raw/doc_677_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1173 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\n**CONTACT**\n\n\n**Elif Eser Mooty**\n\n\nAssistant Information Management Officer\n\n\nInformation Management Unit, UNHCR Ankara\n\n\nEmail: mootye@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Levent Ek\u015fi**\n\n\nAssociate Information Management Officer\n\n\nInformation Management Unit, UNHCR Ankara\n\n\n[Email: eksi@unhcr.org](mailto:eksi@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Periklis Kortsaris**\n\n\nSenior Field Officer\n\n\nSub Office Gaziantep, UNHCR Gaziantep\n\n\n[Email: kortsari@unhcr.org](mailto:kortsari@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**[COVER PHOTOGRAPH:]**\nUNHCR / Can Bildik / 15 December 2023\n\n\n2 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n### Table of Contents\n\n\n_**Background .............................................................................................................. 4**_\n\n\n**Purpose, scope and methodology ................................................................................... 4**\n\n\n**Limitations and challenges ............................................................................................... 7**\n\n\n_**Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 8**_\n\n\n**Estimated figures of the movement ................................................................................. 8**\n\n\n**Profiles ................................................................................................................................ 9**\n\n\n**Influencing push and pull factors .................................................................................. 10**\n\n\n**Reported needs and perceptions ................................................................................... 10**\n\n\n_**Main Findings ......................................................................................................... 11**_\n\n\n**Estimated figures of movement ..................................................................................... 11**\n\n\n**Profile Observations ........................................................................................................ 13**\n\nUnregistered Syrian returnees ....................................................................................................... 16\n\n\n**Movement trends and influencing push and pull factors ............................................ 17**\n\n\n**Reported needs and perceptions ................................................................................... 21**\n\n\n_**Concluding remarks ............................................................................................... 23**_\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n#### **Background**\n\n\nThe devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake, and 7.7 magnitude aftershock, in\n\n\nsoutheast T\u00fcrkiye on 22 February 2023 resulted in multiple waves of population\n\n\ndisplacement, and secondary displacement, both within and outside of the impacted\n\n\nareas. Significant numbers of Turkish nationals and refugee survivors moved on to\n\n\nother provinces, in many cases facilitated by the Government of T\u00fcrkiye (GoTR). In\n\n\nthe immediate aftermath, several thousands of Syrian refugees benefitted from the\n\n\nGoTR\u2019s offering temporary home visits for refugees from affected provinces. Voluntary\n\n\nreturns to Syria continued throughout the year as well, though returns were\n\n\nsignificantly fewer when compared to the same period in 2022. These movements\n\n\nchanged shape and frequency over the months, with many refugees eventually\n\n\nreturning to their original provinces of registration and residence within the impact\n\n\nzone.\n\n\nAlthough heading in different directions, population movement flows were influenced\n\n\nby the similar push and pull factors, illustrating the importance of socio-economic\n\n\nconsiderations behind intentions and decisions. To better understand the profiles of\n\n\nrefugees involved in these population flows, UNHCR carried out surveys and\n\n\nmonitoring activities throughout 2023. The findings of which are analysed in the\n\n\npresent end-of-year population movement report.\n\n##### **Purpose, scope and methodology**\n\n\nThis report provides a comparative overview of the various movement types of Syrian,\n\n\nand where applicable other, refugees in T\u00fcrkiye. The report focuses on refugees\n\n\nsearch for temporary, or more sustainable, solutions inside or outside of the country,\n\n\ntheir demographic profiles, choices, needs and perceptions. This analysis of refugee\n\n\nmovements and their dynamics, post-earthquake (and post-2023 elections) seeks to\n\n\nassist future planning, including where appropriate, the adaptation of the response.\n\n\nThis report analyses data from 1 January - 31 December 2023, and uses both\n\n\nqualitative and quantitative data to enable cross-verification. This enables one type of\n\n\ndata to be complemented by the other. Quantitative data used in this report includes\n\n\ndisaggregated demographic and geographical data, triggers of movement while the\n\n\nqualitative data provides more in-depth information on the situation of the people\n\n\n4 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "end-of-year population movement report", - "confidence": 0.7400320172309875, - "start": 229, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6562830209732056, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9334979057312012, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.7798831462860107, - "start": 269, - "end": 270 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9879578948020935, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9694552421569824, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.5005668997764587, - "start": 387, - "end": 389 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6958057880401611, - "start": 400, - "end": 401 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nconcerned. The urgent and specific needs of those affected by the earthquake are not\n\n\nincluded in the present report. This decision was made to avoid duplication with a\n\n\nseparate exercise undertaken by interagency coordination. Information shared by\n\n\nlocal and national level authorities (including Turkish border authorities, PMM, AFAD,\n\n\nmunicipalities, etc.) has also been used and presented in this report. This data\n\n\nincludes figures on registration, travel permits issued post-earthquake, voluntary\n\n\nreturn statistics and the number of refugees returning to Syria on temporary exit and\n\n\nbeyond. In the context of this report, official figures shared by the authorities portray\n\n\nthe overall situation of the various mobile population groups; however, the data\n\n\nanalysed is primarily based on data collected by UNHCR from field monitoring visits,\n\n\ninterviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). This includes UNHCR\u2019s 2023\n\n\nmonitoring of the below refugee movements:\n\n\n - Temporary movements from earthquake-affected locations in the south-east\n\n\n(places of registration/residence) to other locations inside T\u00fcrkiye. This\n\n\nanalysis is mainly based on two separate data collection exercises. The first,\n\n\ncalled \u201c **Population Movement Tracker** \u201d, includes direct phone and in-person\n\n\ninterviews conducted by UNHCR and partners in the four months following\n\n\nthe earthquakes with refugees who relocated to other provinces from the\n\n\nearthquake-affected areas. Through this exercise, partners assessed the\n\n\nimmediate needs and profiles of **8,279 families** (representing **44,589**\n\n\n**individuals** ). This was complemented by a second exercise in which UNHCR\n\n\nconducted **148 in-depth phone interviews** (representing a total of **858**\n\n\n**individuals** ) of Syrian and other refugees who left their places of\n\n\nregistration/residence in the earthquake zone to other provinces in T\u00fcrkiye,\n\n\nand returning later in 2023. The movement tracked through these is reflected\n\n\nin the map 1 below.\n\n\n - **Temporary visits from earthquake-affected locations in the south-east**\n\n\n**(places of registration/residence) to Syria and return/readmission to**\n\n\n**T\u00fcrkiye** . This analysis is based on data collected through **176 in-depth**\n\n\n**phone interviews** (representing a total of **1,021 individuals** ) of Syrian\n\n\nrefugees who returned temporarily to Syria after the earthquakes and were\n\n\nreadmitted to T\u00fcrkiye later in the year.\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figures on registration", - "confidence": 0.639868438243866, - "start": 81, - "end": 84 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6800103187561035, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.5471316576004028, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6408818960189819, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.830964207649231, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Movement Tracker", - "confidence": 0.9960371851921082, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "direct phone and in-person\n\n\ninterviews", - "confidence": 0.7565323710441589, - "start": 220, - "end": 225 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9808750152587891, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7970162034034729, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.786297082901001, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "phone interviews", - "confidence": 0.966214120388031, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7699111104011536, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "earthquake zone", - "confidence": 0.7862640023231506, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9508613348007202, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8679953217506409, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian and other refugees", - "confidence": 0.8061235547065735, - "start": 321, - "end": 325 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\n - **Voluntary returns of Syrians** from any part of T\u00fcrkiye to Syria. This is based\n\n\non in-depth and in-person interviews conducted by UNHCR with all adult\n\n\n(aged 18 and above) members of **12,888 Syrian refugee households**\n\n\n(representing a total of **19,865 individuals** ) who returned voluntarily to Syria\n\n\nduring Jan-Dec 2023.\n\n\n - **Movements from any part of T\u00fcrkiye towards the western border** and\n\n\nfrom there onwards, with the intention to move towards EU member states.\n\n\nThis analysis is primarily based on **Turkish Coast Guard reports** [1] and\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s field observations concerning movement trends observed at the\n\n\nWestern Borders of T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nMost of the refugees interviewed were for this report are Syrians under Temporary\n\n\nProtection; hence, where findings relate specifically to International Protection\n\n\napplicants or status holders, this is specifically mentioned. With the exception of\n\n\nSyrians interviewed by UNHCR during voluntary return observations, the majority of\n\n\nother interviewees were randomly selected by protection partners. Age gender and\n\n\ndiversity (AGD) considerations observed to the extent possible. Additional data has\n\n\nbeen referenced in this report from the **Field Observation Tracking Tool for**\n\n\n**Protection Trend Analysis (PAF),** conducted by UNHCR and Protection Sector\n\n\npartners, as well as from findings of the **Inter-Agency Protection Needs**\n\n\n**Assessment (IAPNA) Round 7** [2] carried out by the Protection sector partners. While\n\n\nacknowledging the dynamic character of refugee profiles in T\u00fcrkiye, for practical\n\n\nreasons, this report does consider refugee profiles moving from non-earthquake\n\naffected provinces to other locations in T\u00fcrkiye. This includes movements for family\n\n\nreunification, employment, education and any other reason not related to the\n\n\nearthquake, or to a third country through resettlement schemes or complementary\n\n\npathways.\n\n\n1 Recorded through regular monitoring of public reports by Turkish Land Forces Command and Turkish Naval Forces Command,\n[https://www.tsk.tr/Home/GunlukFaaliyetler](https://www.tsk.tr/Home/GunlukFaaliyetler)\n2 The Inter-Agency Protection Sector Needs Assessment (IAPNA) was launched in 2020 as a comprehensive and structured data\ncollection and analysis process to assess the protection needs of refugee communities at the inter-agency level. Since initiation, seven\nrounds of data collection have been conducted with contributions from partners within the Protection sector. As of 2023, the IAPNA is\nbeing conducted on an annual basis. T\u00fcrkiye Protection Sector Needs Assessment Round 7 Dashboard:\n[https://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/repo/Protection/ia_pna7.html](https://www.refugeeinfoturkey.org/repo/Protection/ia_pna7.html)\n\n\n6 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Turkish Coast Guard reports", - "confidence": 0.8818270564079285, - "start": 119, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5203761458396912, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9028745889663696, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.92414790391922, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.8247944116592407, - "start": 53, - "end": 56 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Field Observation Tracking Tool", - "confidence": 0.6383883357048035, - "start": 230, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5917378067970276, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PAF", - "confidence": 0.5269384384155273, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.808886706829071, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.5513013601303101, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.7182964086532593, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "public reports", - "confidence": 0.7186816930770874, - "start": 361, - "end": 363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7786092758178711, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.5067559480667114, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.7414215207099915, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Protection Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9173950552940369, - "start": 378, - "end": 383 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IAPNA", - "confidence": 0.994408130645752, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6598418951034546, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7944191098213196, - "start": 435, - "end": 436 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8999819159507751, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.9006052017211914, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Assessment Round 7 Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.8848098516464233, - "start": 451, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7431759238243103, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.832886815071106, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\n_Map 1 Map of Provincial Movement: Blue dots are the provinces of arrival. Source: Inter-Agency Population_\n_Movement Tracker_\n\n##### **Limitations and challenges**\n\n\nThe data was initially analysed independently within each population group presented\n\n\nin this report to understand the profiles, needs, and dynamics within the group, then\n\n\ncomparatively with other groups. Although this is a comparative report aiming to\n\n\nidentify possible patterns and trends, challenges comparing movements and\n\n\ninterlinking reasons prompting them remain as:\n\n\n - The data collected for the various population groups is based on different data\n\n\nsets and criteria that are not common to all population groups.\n\n\n - The baselines of the interviews vary.\n\n\n - The data is gathered for differing purposes, influencing its collection and\n\n\npresentation.\n\n\n - UNHCR cannot always verify data, e.g., information shared verbally by\n\n\nauthorities or information on cross-border movements through border gates\n\n\nwhere UNHCR is not present.\n\n\n - The data analysed is based on in-depth interviews conducted either on a\n\n\nsufficiently representative scale or from a smaller proportion of the identified\n\n\npopulation group. As such, they may not be proportionally representative,\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nhave sufficient information to be able to assess trends or accurately confirm\n\n\nfindings or both. Nonetheless, the findings presented can serve as reliable\n\n\nindications of current and possible trends.\n\n#### **Executive Summary**\n\n\nThis summary gives an overview of significant details and factors regarding the\n\n\nmovements of refugees. The refugee profiles include Syrians who returned to Syria\n\n\neither temporarily or permanently, refugees who moved to other locations inside\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye because of the earthquake, those who left but returned to the earthquake zone\n\n\nafterwards and refugees who tried to move irregularly through the western borders.\n\n\nThe information is grouped under four headings: estimated figures of the movement,\n\n\nprofiles of the people concerned, influencing push and pull factors and needs specific\n\n\nto those returning temporarily or permanently to Syria.\n\n##### **Estimated figures of the movement**\n\n\n**Earthquake-affected refugees who moved to another province in T\u00fcrkiye** : During\n\n\nFebruary-August 2023, **228,538 Syrian, and other refugees, arrived in 62**\n\n\n**provinces** from the earthquake-affected zone. Most were reported to have returned\n\n\nbefore October-December 2023.\n\n\nMap 2 Number of Travel Permits Issued Per Province\n\n**Earthquake-affected refugees who temporarily returned to Syria** : According to\n\n\nborder gate authorities and open sources, **70,086 refugees left T\u00fcrkiye for Syria,**\n\n\n**64,833 (93 per cent)** of whom eventually returned and were re-admitted to T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee profiles", - "confidence": 0.9599313735961914, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7851849794387817, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.975068986415863, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6409586668014526, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrians", - "confidence": 0.6310850381851196, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nThe majority exited from the Hatay Cilveg\u00f6z\u00fc border gate. The remaining 5,253 are\n\n\nassumed to have remained in, or returned permanently to, Syria.\n\n\n**Syrian Refugees and other Syrians returning voluntarily and permanently to**\n\n\n**Syria from T\u00fcrkiye: According to UNHCR observations in three border gates,**\n\n\n**19,865 Syrian refugees returned to Syria from January-December 2023** . During\n\n\nthe first 36 days of 2023, **2,230 Syrians** (45 per cent more than in the same period in\n\n\n2022) returned voluntarily to Syria. However, this trend reversed as a result of the\n\n\nearthquake and returns dropped by 42 per cent compared to the same period in 2022.\n\n\nThis drop may be owed to the change in options for returns, including the GoTR\n\n\nproviding registered Syrians in T\u00fcrkiye the opportunity to return to Syria temporarily.\n\n##### **Profiles**\n\n\n**Earthquake-affected refugees who moved to another province in T\u00fcrkiye** :\n\n\nInterview findings show that 93 per cent of refugees affected by the earthquakes who\n\n\nmoved to another province in T\u00fcrkiye were Syrian nationals. The number of women\n\n\nand men was evenly divided (50 per cent each), mostly in families. While the majority\n\n\nwere fully registered, only 2 per cent had incomplete registration. Almost half (49 per\n\n\ncent) were registered in and departed from Hatay. When considering those who\n\n\neventually returned to the earthquake zone, 74 per cent of those interviewed were\n\n\nwomen, with 66 per cent of them being heads of households averaging between the\n\n\nages of 39-40. Nearly all returned to the earthquake region with their families.\n\n\n**Syrian refugees who went to Syria temporarily:** The average age of those who re\n\nentered T\u00fcrkiye, and were interviewed by UNHCR, was 30. Of this group, 36 per cent\n\n\nwere women, and 64 per cent men. Most were heads of households with 65 per cent\n\n\ncurrently residing in T\u00fcrkiye with their families, while the remainder indicating living\n\n\nalone. Nearly half (48 per cent) stated that their province of registration was \u015eanl\u0131urfa.\n\n\n**Syrians who voluntarily returned to Syria:** Of those interviewed, 68 per cent were\n\n\naged 18 -59, while 30 per cent were aged 0-17 and 2 per cent were 60 and above.\n\n\nNearly half of respondents were men while 20 per cent were women and 30 per cent\n\n\nwere children. Of those interviewed by UNHCR, 52 per cent were returning alone, with\n\n\nthe rest returning with at least one family member. A majority of returnees were\n\n\nregistered with PMM or PDMM (68 per cent), with most interviewees registered in\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GoTR", - "confidence": 0.716622531414032, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.7147803902626038, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered Syrians", - "confidence": 0.6764375567436218, - "start": 161, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMM", - "confidence": 0.5738091468811035, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7409380078315735, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.7085333466529846, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7544598579406738, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDMM", - "confidence": 0.5853776335716248, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.623138964176178, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6161631941795349, - "start": 513, - "end": 514 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8984490633010864, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nIstanbul (22 per cent), followed by \u015eanl\u0131urfa (12 per cent). Meanwhile, approximately\n\n\n30 per cent were not registered and were noted to be in an irregular situation in the\n\n\nabsence of other valid permits to stay.\n\n##### **Influencing push and pull factors**\n\n\n**Earthquake-affected refugees who moved to another province in T\u00fcrkiye** :\n\n\nRefugees provided clarity on why they left the earthquake zone in the south-east.\n\n\nMajor factors included feeling unsafe and uncomfortable (94 per cent), lacking\n\n\naccommodation (58 per cent) and having insufficient access to basic services (58 per\n\n\ncent). Refugees indicated choosing provinces to move to based on information and\n\n\nperceptions regarding access to essential services, as well as having family or\n\n\ncommunity ties. Those who then **returned to the south-east** noted being unable to\n\n\nfind affordable accommodation, uncertainties surrounding the extension of their\n\n\ntemporary stay and lack of work or livelihood opportunities in those other provinces as\n\n\nreasons for going back.\n\n\n**Refugees who temporarily left for Syria** : Interviewees indicated that they did so\n\n\nmainly to check on relatives in Syria. They then returned to T\u00fcrkiye due to security\n\n\nconcerns, lack of livelihood opportunities, lack of housing options and a lack of access\n\n\nto humanitarian assistance in Syria.\n\n\n**Syrian refugees and other Syrians who voluntarily returned to Syria** :\n\n\nRespondents relayed that they did so due to personal circumstances in Syria, such as\n\n\nfamily presence and current conditions in T\u00fcrkiye. Conditions in T\u00fcrkiye impacting\n\n\ndecisions included barriers to registration such as the inability to bring, and be reunited\n\n\nwith, other family members in T\u00fcrkiye. Security concerns and fear of conscription were\n\n\namong the reasons why some were not planning to return to their pre-conflict place of\n\n\nresidence.\n\n##### **Reported needs and perceptions**\n\n\n**Refugees affected by earthquakes who relocated to a different Turkish province** :\n\n\nAs reported in various sectoral and interagency assessments conducted post\n\nearthquake, urgent needs in other provinces included access to food assistance,\n\n\nessential household items, accommodation and cash-assistance, including\n\n\nGovernment-sanctioned. Families with people with disabilities or older people required\n\n\n10 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nspecialised protection and other services. Those who then **returned to the**\n\n\n**earthquake zone** in the south-east had pressing needs for cash assistance,\n\n\naccommodation and core relief items including hygiene materials.\n\n\n**Refugees affected by the earthquakes who temporarily left for Syria** : Interviewed\n\n\nSyrians who re-entered T\u00fcrkiye raised concerns and issues in Syria regarding the\n\n\nsecurity situation, access to livelihoods, accommodation and dealing with housing,\n\n\nland and property (HLP) issues. Access to healthcare and education varied, but\n\n\noverall, it was rated lower as a concern.\n\n\n**Syrian refugees and other Syrians who chose to return voluntarily to Syria** had\n\n\nsignificant needs related to their legal status including the inability to register, complete\n\n\nregistration or reactivate their Temporary Protection ID. Interviewees also flagged the\n\n\neconomic circumstances in T\u00fcrkiye as well as the lack of livelihood opportunities and\n\n\nthe cost of living. Access to registration, documentation, tailored assistance, services,\n\n\nand livelihoods is crucial during displacement and in the pursuit of longer-term\n\n\nsolutions.\n\n#### **Main Findings**\n\n##### **Estimated figures of movement**\n\n\n**Refugees affected by earthquakes who relocated to a different Turkish province** :\n\n\nOf all observed movements, the largest occurred following the GoTR allowing\n\n\nearthquake-affected refugees to travel to, and temporarily stay in, provinces outside\n\n\nthe south-east. This resulted in 228,538 individuals relocating, as per UNHCR field\n\n\nreports, which is nearly 300 per cent higher than the number of Syrians who opted for\n\n\ntemporary exit to Syria (70,000). As per the findings of the Inter-Agency Protection\n\n\nNeeds Assessment (IAPNA) Round 7, 82 per cent of interviewed refugees were\n\n\nregistered and residing in the earthquakes zone. Of them, 36 per cent were displaced\n\n\noutside of their provinces at least once after 6 February; the majority of whom were\n\n\nSyrian (76 per cent). Nearly all of those who moved after the earthquake have since\n\n\nreturned (97 per cent), while the rest remain in other provinces.\n\n\n**Refugees affected by the earthquakes who temporarily left for Syria** : Temporary\n\n\nexit permits of long duration (up to six months) triggered many crossings to Syria **.** Of\n\n\nthe 70,086 Syrians who temporarily entered Syria, 64,833 (93 per cent) came re\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Protection\n\n\nNeeds Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9868832230567932, - "start": 315, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IAPNA", - "confidence": 0.9865459203720093, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "earthquakes zone", - "confidence": 0.9696689248085022, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9537873268127441, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed refugees", - "confidence": 0.502960741519928, - "start": 329, - "end": 331 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nentered T\u00fcrkiye by the end of the year, while 5,253 (7 per cent) are assumed to have\n\n\ndecided to remain permanently in Syria.\n\n\n**Syrian refugees and other Syrians who chose to return voluntarily to Syria** :\n\n\nDrawing on 2022 trends, a pre-earthquake forecast on voluntary returns might have\n\n\nindicated that around 30,000-35,000 Syrians would have returned to Syria voluntarily\n\n\nby December 2023 [3] . For ease of reference, the number of voluntary returns to Syria\n\n\nobserved by UNHCR for January-December 2022 was 24,766 households, equalling\n\n\n33,954 individuals, whereas the number of those observed by UNHCR for the whole\n\n\nof 2023 was 12,888 households equalling 19,865 individuals. A decrease by 42 per\n\n\ncent was therefore observed in 2023 when compared to 2022. Fewer voluntary returns\n\n\nin 2023 may be linked to the alternative options offered by the GoTR, including the\n\n\nopportunity to temporarily return to Syria for up to six months. Approximately 30 per\n\n\ncent had never registered with PMM or PDMM and were in an irregular situation in\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye, not having other stay permits.\n\n\n3 These figures refer to voluntary returns captured by UNHCR in the three border gate locations where UNHCR has a presence,\nnamely, Akcakale (Sanliurfa), Karkamis (Gaziantep) and Oncupinar (Kilis). UNHCR does not have presence at the Border Gates of\nCilveg\u00f6z\u00fc, Yaylada\u011f\u0131 and Kumlu in Hatay. Cilveg\u00f6z\u00fc is the main border gate used by most Syrians.\n\n\n12 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\n**Syrian and others moving westwards** : In 2023, 56,954 individuals were intercepted\n\n\nor rescued by the Turkish Coast Guard along the western sea borders [4] . Within this\n\n\ngroup, **Syrians** made up **only 18 per cent (9,984)** of the entire intercepted population.\n\n\nThe most intercepted groups remain Afghans and Palestinians. However, 2023 figures\n\n\nindicate a 97 per cent increase in the number of Syrians intercepted compared to the\n\n\nprevious year. The Turkish Coast Guard reported a 15 per cent [5] increase in the\n\n\ninterception of irregular migrants in 2023 when compared to 2022. **Afghans**, likely due\n\n\nto their protection situation in the broader region, constituted the most prevalent\n\n\nnationality among all intercepted individuals, accounting for 36 per cent of the total\n\n\ngroup (20,345 people). The number of Afghans intercepted in 2023 shows a 45 per\n\n\ncent increase when compared to 2022. Other nationalities in 2023 include Palestinians\n\n\n(10,736), Yemenis (6,186), people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2,131),\n\n\nLiberian (1,525), Sudanese (1026), Egyptians (957), Iraqi (737), Eritrean (593), Malian\n\n\n(485), and Somali (432). [6]\n\n##### **Profile Observations**\n\n\nAccording to interview findings, **most refugees who opted to move within T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\n**post-earthquake** were families. In contrast, return movements to Syria were\n\n\nundertaken mainly by people travelling alone. A similar trend was indicated by the\n\n\nIAPNA Round 7, for which 52 per cent of all refugees leaving the earthquake area\n\n\nwere children displaced with their families or other caregivers. This may be a due to\n\n\nfamilies opting to move their children to safer locations where they foresee greater\n\n\naccess to child-specific services, given that most travelled with permits granting\n\n\ncontinued access to services.\n\n\nAs per the two surveys carried out with refugees moving to other provinces, most\n\n\nparticipants were women, while most returning families had women as heads of\n\n\nhousehold. These findings are supported by the IAPNA Round 7, suggesting that\n\n\nwomen and girls constitute the majority of those displaced within T\u00fcrkiye as a result\n\n\n4 Top five departure provinces were Izmir (23,118), Mu\u011fla (10,773), \u00c7anakkale (7,638), Ayd\u0131n (4,206), Bal\u0131kesir (4,097), followed by\nMersin, Antalya and Hatay. The months with highest numbers of interception/rescue were September and October with 9,623 in\nSeptember, and 10,737 in October. Regarding land-borders, 7,936 individuals reported to be apprehended between 1 January and 30\nNovember 2023. 7,936 apprehensions occurred at the western land-borders, and only 845 at the southeast land-borders; with the\nmajority of 6,617 apprehended by authorities at the Bulgarian border. The numbers suggest a 336 per cent increase compared to the\nsame period in 2022.\n[5 https://www.sg.gov.tr/duzensiz-goc-istatistikleri](https://www.sg.gov.tr/duzensiz-goc-istatistikleri)\n[6 Turkish Coast Guard, https://www.tsk.tr/Home/GunlukFaaliyetler](https://www.tsk.tr/Home/GunlukFaaliyetler)\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nof the earthquakes. In some cases, a family member (e.g., the male spouse) might still\n\n\nbe in another location in T\u00fcrkiye/outside of the southeast. Since most of those\n\n\nreturning to the earthquake zone and interviewed by UNHCR were women, it is\n\n\nimportant to underline that women were also amongst the most vulnerable people\n\n\nfollowing the earthquakes.\n\n\nIn line with this trend of families, the majority of **those who returned to the south-**\n\n\n**east from other parts of T\u00fcrkiye were primarily families** - 97 per cent of those\n\n\ninterviewed by UNHCR indicated they were staying with their families.\n\n\nSurveys indicate that the **majority of affected refugees displaced within T\u00fcrkiye**\n\n\nwere registered in the provinces worst hit by the earthquakes (i.e. Malatya, Hatay, and\n\n\nKahramanmara\u015f, which had the highest number of severely damaged buildings [7] ),\n\n\nwhereas the **majority of those leaving to go to Syria through voluntary return**\n\n\nwere registered in less affected provinces (i.e. \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Gaziantep, Adana). Similarly,\n\n\nmost Syrian refugees interviewed by UNHCR who temporarily visited Syria happened\n\n\nto come from the less affected provinces in the earthquake zone.\n\n\n**Refugees displaced within T\u00fcrkiye had been in the country for a longer period** **[8]**\n\n\n**when compared to those leaving for Syria** since, for the majority, their date of\n\n\nregistration predated that of those returning to Syria. Therefore, refugees who have\n\n\nsocial networks and means and have been living with their families in T\u00fcrkiye for a\n\n\nlong time are assumed to have a stronger bond connecting them to this country.\n\n\n**For temporary exits from T\u00fcrkiye to Syria,** close to half (52 per cent) of refugees\n\n\ninterviewed by UNHCR travelled with some or all of their family members, both ways.\n\n\nOnly 1 per cent of interviewees said that accompanying family members had remained\n\n\nin Syria upon their return. Most interviewees (64 per cent) were men, while around 72\n\n\nper cent were heads of households, of whom 18 per cent were female heads of\n\n\nhouseholds. 80 per cent were married, while the remaining were single (16 per cent),\n\n\nwidowers (2 per cent) or separated (1 per cent). 65 per cent of the respondents live in\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye with their families.\n\n\n7 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u0131\u0307ye earthquakes recovery and reconstruction assessment\u201d,\n27 Mar 2023, p.41.\n8 Of those falling under this profile and interviewed by UNHCR, 21 per cent were **registered in T\u00fcrkiye between 2012 and 2013**, **68**\n**per cent between 2014 and 2016**, and the remaining 11 per cent between 2017-2022.\n\n\n14 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS", - "confidence": 0.5486501455307007, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8808596730232239, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8850219249725342, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5238012075424194, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected refugees", - "confidence": 0.5445845723152161, - "start": 138, - "end": 140 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Surveys", - "confidence": 0.822441816329956, - "start": 130, - "end": 131 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6219956874847412, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "T\u00fcrk\u0131\u0307ye earthquakes recovery and reconstruction assessment", - "confidence": 0.8771626353263855, - "start": 471, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.54505854845047, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "T\u00fcrkiye", - "confidence": 0.9847732782363892, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9723095893859863, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9281991124153137, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nIn T\u00fcrkiye, respondents were **registered in \u015eanl\u0131urfa (48 per cent), Gaziantep (16**\n\n\n**per cent), Adana (11 per cent), Malatya (7 per cent), Ad\u0131yaman (4 per cent), Hatay**\n\n\n**(3 per cent), Kahramanmara\u015f (2 per cent) and 9 per cent** in other areas. This\n\n\nindicates that a number of temporary visits to Syria occurred from provinces relatively\n\n\nless impacted by the earthquakes. Moreover, the majority of those interviewed by\n\n\nUNHCR at border gates close to the worst affected provinces (Kahramanmara\u015f,\n\n\nAd\u0131yaman, Malatya) were not from these provinces \u2013 instead, they were\n\n\nregistered/residing in \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Gaziantep and Adana. Almost **53 per cent of the**\n\n\n**respondents were registered with the Presidency of Migration Management**\n\n\n**(PMM) in T\u00fcrkiye between 2014 and 2017, while 34 per cent registered after 2017** .\n\n\n**Regarding voluntary returns**, close to 50 per cent of those observed by UNHCR in\n\n\n2023 were men, 20 per cent were women [9], and 30 per cent were children. 30 per cent\n\n\nwere aged 0 -17, 68 per cent were between 18 - 59, and 2 per cent were 60 and above.\n\n\nWhile the majority of Syrians continue to be males travelling alone [10], there has been\n\n\nan increase in the number of returning families, with 48 per cent of all returning Syrians\n\n\nin 2023 consisting of families (as opposed to 37 per cent in 2022). In addition, 24 per\n\n\ncent of families returning voluntarily to Syria in 2023 were female-headed households,\n\n\nas per UNHCR observations at border gates. With regard to married women returnees\n\n\nreturning to Syria without their spouses, the latter were reportedly either back in Syria\n\n\n(voluntarily or allegedly deported) or still in T\u00fcrkiye \u2013 with some indicating the\n\n\nlikelihood of their spouses moving onwards from T\u00fcrkiye to other countries. A\n\n\nsignificant percentage (75 per cent) of interviewed returning Syrians indicated not\n\n\nhaving dependent family members in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nIn T\u00fcrkiye, close to 59 per cent of interviewed adults had daily informal employment;\n\n\n1.7 per cent reported having a formal full-time job, and less than 1 per cent had a\n\n\nformal part-time job. The rest were living on assistance from family and the community\n\n\n(13 per cent), ESSN (3.2 per cent), humanitarian assistance or borrowed money [11] .\n\n\nOf those returning permanently, 68 per cent were registered with PMM/PDMM. The\n\n\ntop three provinces of registration or residence included Istanbul (22 per cent),\n\n\n9 Of this group, 63 per cent were returning with their spouses and/or other family members and 37 per cent were returning without any\naccompanying members.\n10 Of all interviewed Syrians returning to Syria alone/without accompanying household members, 7 per cent of them were women and,\nspecifically, single women.\n11 Close to 20 per cent of interviewees did not respond the question on main source of income in Turkiye or said not having any income\nat all.\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR observations at border gates", - "confidence": 0.6558231115341187, - "start": 330, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6958944797515869, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8757365942001343, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7880129814147949, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returning Syrians", - "confidence": 0.6580583453178406, - "start": 292, - "end": 294 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMM/PDMM", - "confidence": 0.918332576751709, - "start": 491, - "end": 494 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.5216719508171082, - "start": 548, - "end": 549 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8862063884735107, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nSanliurfa (12 per cent) and Gaziantep (9 per cent), indicating that returns happened\n\n\nfrom areas that were not impacted or not severely impacted by the earthquakes.\n\n\nRegarding their destination in Syria, these included locations in the governorates of\n\n\nAleppo (49 per cent), Ar-Raqqa (15 per cent), Idlib (14 per cent), Al Hasekeh (9 per\n\n\ncent), Deir Ez Zor (9 per cent), and other governorates.\n\n\nConversely, 32 per cent of interviewed returning Syrians were not registered with\n\n\nPMM/PDMM and were in an irregular situation in the country, having no other permit\n\n\nto stay.\n\n#### Unregistered Syrian returnees\n\nThe number of Syrians without residence permits, registration documents for legal\n\n\nstay, or Temporary Protection Identification Documents (TPIDs) still remaining in\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye is unknown. However, given the considerable rise in return movements over\n\n\nthe years (around 32 per cent of the total in 2023 and 29 per cent of the total in 2022),\n\n\nand since irregular movements between the two countries continue to take place, their\n\n\nnumber could be significant.\n\n\nOf a total of 19,865 returnees in 2023, 6,269 **(31.6 per cent)** were not registered with\n\n\nPMM/ PDMM. While the great majority were individuals \u2013 mainly men \u2013 returning to\n\n\nSyria alone (4,493 pax or 71.7 per cent of all PMM-unregistered returnees), 1,776\n\n\npeople returning with at least one family member.\n\n\nOf the 4,493 people returning alone, **620 (13.8 per cent)** were female; however, **of**\n\n\n**the 1,776 people returning with at least one family member, 947 (53.3 per cent)**\n\n\n**were female-headed households**, i.e. female Syrians returning to Syria with\n\n\naccompanying family members, but not their husband. This might support anecdotal\n\n\nevidence shared in a recent OHCHR report on returns to Syria, according to which\n\n\nmale Syrians in T\u00fcrkiye might be requesting female spouses/HH members to return\n\n\nto Syria first in order to alert as to the situation on the ground. Other explanations could\n\n\nrelate to cases of male refugees managing to move westwards, leaving spouses/other\n\n\nmembers behind, some of whom then decide to return to Syria; and cases of female\n\n\nSyrians returning to Syria after the deportation of their husbands to the country .\n\n\nRegarding their place of stay in T\u00fcrkiye, most came primarily from Istanbul (23.8 per\n\n\ncent), Gaziantep (14.1 per cent) and Sanliurfa (13.2 per cent), and to a lesser extent\n\n\nAntalya (7 per cent), Izmir (4.9 per cent), Adana (4.4 per cent). **While the large**\n\n\n16 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\n**majority came from T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s main urban centres and not one single location,**\n\n\n**almost 32 per cent lived in the south-east, with a small minority (almost 20 per**\n\n\n**cent) coming from Istanbul.**\n\n\nAccording to their statements to UNHCR, the duration of their stay in T\u00fcrkiye varied\n\n\nfrom 1 - 2 years (32.7 per cent), 2 - 5 years (22.5 per cent) 5+ year (10.4 per cent), to\n\n\na few months (32.8 per cent) or even less than a month (1.2 per cent). Therefore, it\n\n\nseems that the **majority came to T\u00fcrkiye with the intention of staying for a year**\n\n\n**or more (65.6 per cent).**\n\n\nThe **main reason for returning to Syria was to join family members (44.6 per cent)**\n\n\n**or because of the inability to register in T\u00fcrkiye (17.5 per cent).** However, these\n\n\ntwo reasons are interconnected considering that joining family members may often\n\n\nequal the inability to bring family members to T\u00fcrkiye because of their inability to\n\n\naccess registration.\n\n\nIndividuals with this specific profile prefer using Akcakale (41.1 per cent) as the\n\n\nprimary border crossing point, although Oncupinar (27.3 per cent) and Karkamis (19.2\n\n\nper cent) also see high movement numbers for individuals with similar profiles.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s non-presence at Akcakale could therefore impact the monitoring of this\n\n\nprofile.\n\n##### **Movement trends and influencing push and pull factors**\n\n\n**Regarding movements inside T\u00fcrkiye**, UNHCR and partner reports [12] indicate that\n\n\nthe majority of refugees from earthquake-affected areas preferred to stay in their\n\n\n(affected) places of registration or residence, or moving temporarily to nearby\n\n\nprovinces such as Adana, Mersin and Sanliurfa. However, those refugees leaving the\n\n\nearthquake region to further locations due to personal circumstances\u2014including\n\n\nfamily and financial situation\u2014were ready to travel as far as 500 - 800 kms from their\n\n\nprovince of registration. Field observations and interviews point to Konya, \u0130stanbul,\n\n\nBursa, \u0130zmir and Ankara as the most preferred cities, after Adana and Mersin.\n\n\n[12 Reports include, Joint Declaration by NGOs in Mersin (24.02.2023): https://www.mersintb.org.tr/mtb/haber/mersin-den-cagri-mersin-](https://www.mersintb.org.tr/mtb/haber/mersin-den-cagri-mersin-ozel-destek-statusu-kapsamina-alinsin.html)\n[ozel-destek-statusu-kapsamina-alinsin.html; IFRC Turkey Information Management \u2013 Secondary Data Review: Initial Review on Shelter](https://www.mersintb.org.tr/mtb/haber/mersin-den-cagri-mersin-ozel-destek-statusu-kapsamina-alinsin.html)\n& Displacement, 27.02.2023,\n[https://prddsgofilestorage.blob.core.windows.net/api/sitreps/6345/2023_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement_S](https://prddsgofilestorage.blob.core.windows.net/api/sitreps/6345/2023_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement_SDR_20230226_1.pdf)\n[DR_20230226_1.pdf; IOM: 2023 Earthquakes Displacement Overview - T\u00fcrkiye (March 2023), 06.03.2023,](https://prddsgofilestorage.blob.core.windows.net/api/sitreps/6345/2023_Turkiye_Earthquake_Impact_on_Shelter_and_Displacement_SDR_20230226_1.pdf)\n[https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/iom-2023-earthquakes-displacement-overview-turkiye-march-2023; UNHCR T\u00fcrkiye Refugee](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/iom-2023-earthquakes-displacement-overview-turkiye-march-2023)\nPopulation Movement Analysis\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR and partner reports", - "confidence": 0.5091220140457153, - "start": 336, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.651526689529419, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "23):", - "confidence": 0.713298499584198, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8278522491455078, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nReflective of this, the Turkish Red Crescent\u2019s (TRC) analysis of K\u0131z\u0131laykart-transfers\n\n\nafter the earthquake indicates that 29,076 refugee recipients from the earthquake zone\n\n\n(representing 6 per cent of ESSN cardholders in that zone) moved to Istanbul, Mersin,\n\n\nBursa, Ankara, and Konya. 69 per cent applied for a travel permit in the provinces they\n\n\nmoved to. Out of those who did not apply, 84 per cent indicated that they did not know\n\n\nthey had to apply.\n\n\nImmediate push factors of displacement/movements to other provinces included the\n\n\nlack of safety because of the earthquakes (94 per cent), followed by the inability to\n\n\naccess accommodation and essential services in affected areas (58 per cent). The\n\n\nmost reported pull factors were the availability of essential services (71 per cent) and\n\n\nthe presence of family members and networks/acquaintances (58 per cent) in the\n\n\nprovince of arrival. **Only 6 per cent of interviewed refugees considered safety as**\n\n\n**the decisive reason for their choice of province**, indicating that while safety is a\n\n\npush factor, it does not appear as a strong pull factor unless translated by the presence\n\n\nof family/friends and availability of essential services **.** Results from Round 7 of the\n\n\nIAPNA mostly align with these findings, with the majority of respondents who moved\n\n\nto other provinces stating their primary reason for moving to the lack of sustainable\n\n\naccommodation solutions (41 per cent) in affected areas. Other reasons for being\n\n\ndisplaced out of the earthquake zone include challenges in access to social assistance\n\n\nand support mechanisms (17 per cent), financial difficulties/inability to cover expenses\n\n\n(14 per cent), as well as the availability of family and networks elsewhere.\n\n\nEarthquake-displaced refugees on the move within T\u00fcrkiye were in search of improved\n\n\neconomic opportunities, as the significant damage in the region directly hit livelihoods,\n\n\npushing already vulnerable populations deeper into poverty. [13] Loss or absence of\n\n\nlivelihoods and real/perceived presence of livelihood opportunities appear as\n\n\nsignificant push and pull factors behind individuals\u2019 and families\u2019 decisions to leave a\n\n\nlocation, stay there, come back or go elsewhere.\n\n\nThe availability of livelihood opportunities could improve economic flexibility and allow\n\n\npeople to remain in their place of registration and have alternative accommodation\n\n\noptions (such as renting) instead of moving to formal and informal sites and\n\n\nsettlements. Following the earthquakes, rental prices increased across most areas in\n\n\n13 IFRC/TRC: PDM Round 16 - Capturing the Resilience of Refugees in T\u00fcrkiye Amidst Pre-Disaster Struggles - March 2023,\n[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101814](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101814)\n\n\n18 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "K\u0131z\u0131laykart-transfers", - "confidence": 0.9097689390182495, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Turkish Red Crescent", - "confidence": 0.6982483267784119, - "start": 14, - "end": 17 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "earthquake zone", - "confidence": 0.609328031539917, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9715111255645752, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6357395648956299, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee recipients", - "confidence": 0.9005168676376343, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IAPNA", - "confidence": 0.9514983296394348, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7064217329025269, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nthe country, including in affected areas. [14], making it harder for people, including\n\n\nrefugees to afford accommodation [15] . This is supported by secondary data suggesting\n\n\nhigh living costs in other provinces.\n\n\nAlmost all respondents (98.2 per cent) stated that since their return from other\n\n\nprovinces in T\u00fcrkiye, they lived in their province of registration. Only 1.7 per cent said\n\n\nthat they lived in another province in the south-east.\n\n\nConcerning the **reasons for returning to earthquake provinces**, refugee\n\n\nrespondents frequently reported the lack of available accommodation/shelter in the\n\n\nprovince of temporary stay (22 per cent) \u2013 particularly attributed to increasing rent\n\n\nprices, both in other parts of the country and in Syria. [16] Those returning to the south\n\neast after temporarily staying in other parts of T\u00fcrkiye also referred to the uncertainty\n\n\nas to the possibility of extension of the travel permit\u2019s validity (18 per cent) and other\n\n\nbureaucratic requirements (14 per cent) they were unable to fulfil concerning the\n\n\nProvincial Directorate of Migration Management (PDMM) in the province of temporary\n\n\nstay; or not being able to find work there (14 per cent). On a positive note, \u201csocial\n\n\ntensions\u201d with host communities did not feature prominently in refugees\u2019 replies.\n\n\nWhen asked for the **reason of temporary visit to Syria**, refugees indicated they went\n\n\nback mainly to visit and check on family (58 per cent), and because their house in\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye was damaged (20 per cent). The majority of those interviewed by UNHCR\n\n\nindicated that they came back to T\u00fcrkiye due to safety and security concerns, lack of\n\n\nlivelihood and housing, and concerns related to access to humanitarian assistance in\n\n\nSyria. Once back in T\u00fcrkiye, most respondents returned to their (affected) province of\n\n\nregistration (82 per cent) in the south-east, while the remaining 18 per cent planned to\n\n\ngo to other locations because of better livelihood and accommodation opportunities\n\n\nthere.\n\n\nWhile Aleppo (51 per cent) and Ar-Raqqa (31 per cent) remained the top two\n\n\ndestinations of temporary visit as per UNHCR interview findings, there have also been\n\n\n14 IFRC Turkiye Delegation: Secondary Data Review, Turkiye February 2023 Earthquake Bi-Weekly Highlights Vol. 20 - 01 June 2023:\n[https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-vol-20-01-june-2023)\n[vol-20-01-june-2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-vol-20-01-june-2023)\n15 Upon their return to Hatay, 60 per cent of displaced refugee-respondents were staying in spontaneous tented sites, 17 per cent in\nformal tented sites, 17 per cent in their former homes, and 6 per cent in newly rented accommodation.\n[16 IFRC Secondary Data Review: https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-vol-20-01-june-2023)\n[earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-vol-20-01-june-2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/ifrc-turkiye-delegation-secondary-data-review-turkiye-february-2023-earthquake-bi-weekly-highlights-vol-20-01-june-2023)\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis", - "confidence": 0.5287735462188721, - "start": 1, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6916263103485107, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary data", - "confidence": 0.5814565420150757, - "start": 39, - "end": 41 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IFRC Secondary Data Review", - "confidence": 0.9248222708702087, - "start": 495, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Hatay", - "confidence": 0.7631059288978577, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6708633303642273, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced refugee-respondents", - "confidence": 0.9518377780914307, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nvisits to Al-Hasekeh (7 per cent), Deir-ez-Zor (6 per cent), Idlib (5 per cent) and even\n\n\nRural Damascus (less than 1 per cent).\n\n\nLess than 1 per cent of those interviewed by UNHCR chose to leave their\n\n\naccompanying family members in Syria because of family presence there, difficult\n\n\nconditions in T\u00fcrkiye, or perceptions of improved security and safety in that location in\n\n\nSyria.\n\n\nThe main reasons for returning to T\u00fcrkiye included a lack of livelihood opportunities in\n\n\nSyria (44 per cent), followed by a lack of accommodation/permanent place to stay in\n\n\nSyria (20 per cent), and not feeling safe in Syria (17 per cent).\n\n\n87 per cent of returning respondents stated that they would remain in their place of\n\n\nregistration in T\u00fcrkiye. The remaining 13 per cent said that they would go to a different\n\n\nlocation, such as Istanbul, but also other locations in the south-east (Gaziantep,\n\n\nSanliurfa, Mardin and Adana). The main reason for not returning to the province of\n\n\nregistration was due to the availability of livelihood opportunities elsewhere (57 per\n\n\ncent), damaged accommodation (29 per cent) and loss of livelihoods in the place of\n\n\nregistration (14 per cent).\n\n\nWhen asked about the **reasons of voluntary and permanent return to Syria**, 68 per\n\n\ncent of interviewees indicated returning because of personal/other circumstances in\n\n\nSyria (joining family members, homesickness) while 43 per cent chose to leave\n\n\nbecause of the circumstances in T\u00fcrkiye, mainly the inability to bring family members\n\n\nto T\u00fcrkiye from Syria and barriers to new registration or to reactivation of TPID. These\n\n\ntwo factors are inextricably linked to one another, since barriers to new registration\n\n\nimpact the ability to regularise legal status in the country as well as bring family\n\n\nmembers from Syria in a regular/legal manner. Almost 30 per cent indicated as reason\n\n\ntheir current financial circumstances in T\u00fcrkiye, including loss of livelihoods, no\n\n\nsavings, lack of affordable accommodation, lack of/no access to assistance.\n\n\nFor interviewed individuals returning to Syria alone, 76 per cent indicated that they\n\n\nhad no dependent family members in T\u00fcrkiye while 20 per cent said that their family\n\n\nmembers had not left Syria. 74 per cent of respondents indicated that they planned to\n\n\nreturn to their pre-flight place of residence, of whom 97 per cent indicated that this is\n\n\nbecause family members are residing there. Only 1 per cent indicated having identified\n\n\nwork opportunities in the place of return.\n\n\n20 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nOf the 26 per cent not returning to their pre-flight place of residence, the top reasons\n\n\nfor this were security concerns (33 per cent), family members moving to another\n\n\nlocation (21 per cent), fear of persecution (20 per cent), and fear of conscription (17\n\n\nper cent), among others.\n\n\n66 per cent of respondents indicated that they either owned property or had close\n\n\nfamily members who owned property in Syria and with whom they intended to live. 32\n\n\nper cent of those who reported not having any property reported that they planned to\n\n\nstay with their relatives, whereas 29 per cent intended to stay in an IDP camp.\n\n##### **Reported needs and perceptions**\n\n\n**Refugee families displaced to other provinces in T\u00fcrkiye** mostly reported\n\n\nimmediate basic needs such as food assistance (82 per cent) and essential household\n\n\nitems (77 per cent). Their temporary stay with relatives and friends resulted in\n\n\novercrowded homes with minimal privacy, excessive household chores, and increased\n\n\nexpenditures for households that had already been struggling to make ends meet\n\n\nbefore the earthquake. [17] They also indicated their need for specialised protection\n\n\nservices (26 per cent), in light of increasing harmful coping mechanisms [18] .\n\n\nFor **displaced refugees returning to the south-east**, economic hardships and lack\n\n\nof livelihood opportunities in those other provinces were notable as key reasons for\n\n\nreturning. Focus group discussions with refugees in other provinces underlined that\n\n\nthey could not find jobs easily in new provinces, creating uncertainty around their\n\n\nstatus and concerns about the possibility of travel permit expiry. [19] Supporting these\n\n\nfindings, the IAPNA (round 7) results indicate that 54 per cent of refugees who moved\n\n\nwithin the country were unable to cover monthly expenses and basic needs, while 38\n\n\nper cent were only able to cover their needs partially. 85 per cent indicated adopting\n\n\nat least one coping mechanism, with most reducing essential food expenditure (45 per\n\n\ncent), borrowing money from relatives/friends (39 per cent), and reducing essential\n\n\n17 TRC/IFRC: Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Programme Back At Rock Bottom: Refugees Escaping Yet Another Disaster [Focus Group Discussion Analysis Report | June 2023, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101391](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101391)\n18 Based on the results of the IAPNA Round 7, it was found that 91 per cent of refugee households are unable to fully cover their\nmonthly expenses, while 84 per cent have implemented survival strategies due to their deteriorating socioeconomic situation. The two\nmost commonly used strategies are reducing essential food expenses and borrowing money.\n19 ESSN FGD Analysis Report, June 2023\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023 POST-EARTHQUAKE POPULATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS**\n\n\nfood intake (33 per cent). Top needs, therefore, included cash assistance (29 per cent)\n\n\nand shelter/accommodation (18 per cent).\n\n\nFor **interviewed Syrians coming back to T\u00fcrkiye after temporary exit to Syria**,\n\n\nthey decided not to stay in Syria because of lack of safety, lack of livelihood\n\n\nopportunities and lack of accommodation/permanent stay in that country. When asked\n\n\nabout their observations/experiences in Syria, people who temporarily exited and then\n\n\ncame back to T\u00fcrkiye rated the overall safety and security situation in the governorate\n\n\nof their arrival in Syria during their temporary exit as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d (54 per cent).\n\n\nAl-Hasakeh was evaluated as the worst in terms of safety and security, rated 76.9 per\n\n\ncent as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d, followed by Deir-ez-Zor at 70 per cent and Idlib at 62.5 per\n\n\ncent. Interestingly, Aleppo and Ar-Raqqa were equally evaluated at nearly 51 per cent\n\n\n\u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d, and on average, around 48 per cent evaluated them as \u201cgood\u201d or\n\n\n\u201cneither bad nor good\u201d. Overall, the situation was reported as \u201cgood\u201d in Rural\n\n\nDamascus at 100 per cent.\n\n\nSimilarly, interviewed refugees rated access to income-generating\n\n\nopportunities/livelihoods in Syria as either \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d (97 per cent). Access to\n\n\nhumanitarian assistance was rated similarly by 80 per cent of respondents.\n\n\nAdditionally, while 77 per cent indicated that access to housing options was bad or\n\n\nvery bad, amongst those who owned property and housing, 53 per cent stated the\n\n\nconditions were bad or very bad. Acceptance from the community was the most\n\n\npositively evaluated indicator, with 52 per cent rating it as either very good or good.\n\n\nAccess to healthcare was rated as very good or good by 22 per cent, whereas access\n\n\nto schools/education was rated as \u201cgood\u201d by 17 per cent.\n\n\nOut of respondents visiting Aleppo during their temporary exit (51 per cent of all), 97\n\n\nper cent rated access to income-generating opportunities as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d, 85\n\n\nper cent rated access to housing options as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d, and 84 per cent rated\n\n\naccess to humanitarian assistance as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d.\n\n\nIn Ar-Raqqa, where 31 per cent visited during their temporary exit, similar to the\n\n\nsituation in Aleppo, the worst evaluated aspects were access to income-generating\n\n\nopportunities (96 per cent rated as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d), access to housing options (78\n\n\nper cent rated as \u201cvery bad\u201d), access to utilities (74 per cent rated as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery\n\n\nbad\u201d), and state of own property/housing (55 per cent rated as \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cvery bad\u201d).\n\n\n22 UNHCR / January 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2023 Post-Earthquake Population Movement Dynamics Analysis - T\u00fcrkiye\n\n\nAccess to bakeries, access to healthcare, and acceptance from the community were\n\n\nrated more negatively in Ar-Raqqa when compared to Aleppo.\n\n\nMore safety and more livelihood opportunities would, therefore, seem to be\n\n\ndetermining factors for Syrians to consider return.\n\n#### **Concluding remarks**\n\n\nT\u00fcrkiye has been a critical regional and global partner in responding to refugee\n\n\nprotection needs, and remains among the top refugee-hosting countries worldwide,\n\n\nincluding close to 3.1 million registered Syrian refugees. T\u00fcrkiye, however, was\n\n\nseverely hit by the devastating earthquakes in 2023 that compounded the already\n\n\ndifficult financial situation of many refugees and host communities. As a result, 2023\n\n\nwitnessed an increase in humanitarian needs, particularly in the earthquake zone and\n\n\nin refugee movements, including onward to other countries, even irregularly or in order\n\n\nto temporarily visit Syria. The majority of Syrian refugees, including those in the\n\n\nearthquake-affected zone, seem to have preferred to remain in the country or be\n\n\ndisplaced inside their province of registration or in proximity thereto. This may also be\n\n\ndue to the continued realities of the situation in Syria that are not favourable for return,\n\n\nbut also that services and solutions remain a possibility in T\u00fcrkiye.\n\n\nThe socio-economic links that refugees developed in T\u00fcrkiye over the years allowed\n\n\nmany to find support from individual and community networks, though in trying times\n\n\nsuch networks cannot in themselves be the solution to all protection and other issues\n\n\nfacing refugees. Hence, when difficult financial circumstances were compounded by\n\n\nregistration or other key protection challenges, refugee families and individuals were\n\n\nmore likely to consider returning to Syria or family separation, with some members\n\n\nreturning to the country of origin and others remaining behind.\n\n\nGiven the impact of the 2023 earthquake on both host communities and refugees,\n\n\nalong with the resultant damage to infrastructure and disruption of services, there\n\n\nremains a potential for heightened social tensions and perceived competition for\n\n\nresources and aid. Maintaining a consistent flow of assistance to all affected\n\n\nindividuals is crucial, preventing potential conflicts and facilitating a seamless\n\n\ntransition toward viable solutions in the host country, particularly in the areas directly\n\n\naffected by the earthquakes.\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2024 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6ee003d6-58b7-4899-9a77-e1772778be15/UNHCR%20-%202023%20Population%20Dynamics%20post%20EQ.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_678/raw/doc_678_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_678/raw/doc_678_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 92859c30f5692b64a925eeb6c343dfb3f5ac5cfa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_678/raw/doc_678_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n# Transition to secondary education1\n\n## **Background**\n\n\nThe transition to secondary school is a significant life stage for young people, as well as a period of adaptation\nthat coincides with significant social, emotional and physiological changes in the lives of adolescents (Balvin and\nBanati 2016; Lee, Hollarek, and Krabbendam 2018). It is also a period when cognitive and analytical skills (Crone\nand Dahl 2012), autonomy (Fleming, 2005) and a capability to aspire and envision an imagined future (Hart,\n2012) are developed. While navigating this critical stage, young refugees, who are simultaneously experiencing\nthe challenges of forced displacement, have very limited opportunities to continue their education. For the\nacademic year 2019/20, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the refugee gross enrolment rate at secondary level in\n41 reporting countries stood at 34 per cent. In comparison, the average enrolment rate for host country learners\nfor reporting countries were markedly higher, [2] indicating a significant discrepancy in access when comparing\nhost and refugee learners. Furthermore, disparity in access to secondary education for refugee learners by\ngender persists, with girls still at a disadvantage. Adolescent girls living in refugee camps or displaced in urban\nareas are less than half as likely as boys to attend and complete secondary school (UNHCR 2018). This is a missed\nopportunity, as each additional year of secondary education a girl completes is associated with a lower risk of\nearly marriage and early pregnancy, sometimes by as much as six percentage points (Wodon et al. 2018). Failure\nto complete the transition to secondary education may therefore significantly reduce the possibility of girls and\nyoung women leading empowered and fulfilling lives.\n\n\nThe present study set out to identify, document and promote innovative ways to boost the transition from\nprimary to secondary education among refugee youth, with a strong emphasis on adolescent girls of secondary\nschool age, through case studies conducted in four countries: Egypt, Ethiopia, Malaysia and Uganda.\n\n## **Key research questions**\n\n\n- What are the key challenges in the transition\nto secondary education for refugee youth?\n\n- What are the support mechanisms in place to\naddress these challenges?\n\n\n\n\n## **Literature review**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe review of evidence focused on key challenges\nand support mechanisms in the transition\nfrom primary to secondary school for refugee\nstudents. It found that most of the research into\n\nin the United States, Europe and Australia and in\nlarge urban areas. A few studies have explored\nthe transition from primary to secondary school in developing countries or rural areas, **but virtually no studies**\n**on the transition to secondary school for refugee girls were located.** Some of the challenges that populations in\nforced displacement and crises contexts face in accessing secondary education were addressed in grey literature.\n\n\n\n\n\n1 The present research brief draws on the findings of a research project on the transition to secondary education. The full-length report\nwas authored by Fabiana Maglio. The research brief was compiled by Cirenia Chavez Villegas.\n2 For example, in Burkina Faso, the secondary enrolment ratio was 41 per cent for the host population in 2019/20 (UNESCO-UIS\n2021); in comparison, the ratio for refugees was 10 per cent (UNHCR Country Operations Data). In Djibouti, the enrolment rate for the\nhost population for the same period was 53 per cent (UNESCO-UIS, 2021) while for the refugee population the ratio was 28 per cent\n(UNHCR Country Operations Data).\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\nFor example, a recent report aimed at understanding more about the intersection between humanitarian crises,\nage and education found that the challenges to accessing secondary education for female learners in crises were:\nthe higher prevalence of early marriage and early pregnancy resulting from a heightened risk of sexual violence;\nincreased reliance on adolescent girls to do housework; and menstruation challenges (Plan International 2019).\nAnother report summarizes progress made in improving education and training for girls and women affected\nby conflict and crisis (Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies 2021). The report mentions refugees\nand internally displaced persons (IDPs) and addresses the transition to secondary education, but neither are\nthe main focus areas of the report. Significantly, the report notes that girls in crisis-affected countries are far\nless likely to complete lower secondary school than girls in other lower middle-income countries. Similarly, the\nauthors find that, in emergencies, girls are often at greater risk of school dropout than boys because the risk of\nearly marriage, family expectations around domestic labour and caregiving work all increase during crises.\n\n\nGiven the scarcity of literature on the transition to secondary education and the particular challenges faced\nby refugee girls in low- and middle-income countries, [3] the present study constitutes a valuable contribution to\nthe literature. This is the first in-depth study to look at the transition to secondary education amongst refugee\nlearners in the contexts of Egypt, Ethiopia, [4] Malaysia and Uganda.\n\n## **Methodology**\n\n\nThis study adopted a qualitative approach, relying on three data collection methods: semi-structured key\ninformant interviews (KIIs) with a range of stakeholders involved in the refugee response (n=101); focus\ngroup discussions (n=216); and school observations across all four countries. Key informant interviews were\nconducted with: selected experts from State authorities and Ministries of Education at district and federal\nlevel; UNHCR and related United Nations agency staff; international non-governmental organizations and\nCivil Society Organizations; researchers in the field of youth education and refugees; donor agencies; and\nprimary and secondary school principals, in the four countries considered. Focus group discussions (FGDs)\nwere conducted with parents of primary and secondary refugee students and out-of-school youth, primary\nschool teachers and teachers at refugee and government secondary schools. School observations were also\nconducted at all schools.\n\n\nThe sampling strategy selected to identify informants for interviews and FGDs **was non-representative and**\n**purposive.** Key informants and school locations for data collection were identified and selected in close\nconsultation with UNHCR teams in each country (i.e. through snowball sampling). Every effort was made\nto ensure a diverse and inclusive sample to avoid the same groups of refugee participants being repeatedly\nselected. Audio-recordings were made of all individual and group sessions to preserve the accuracy of the data.\nField notes were also taken during and immediately after each interview. Recorded sessions were transcribed\nand coded with the support of qualitative analysis software (AtlasTi). Preliminary patterns were triangulated and\naligned with findings from the literature review. Themes were integrated into the report in accordance with their\nrelevance to the key research questions posed.\n\n\nThough not a limitation of the study itself, it is important to remind readers that, because the sampling of the\nstudy participants was purposeful, the conclusions drawn from these findings are not generalizable across the\nfour country contexts. Any conclusions drawn from this research apply to the participants in the study and are\nindicative of areas that merit further exploration.\n\n\n3 A landscape review on secondary education is forthcoming.\n4 An exception includes World Bank Group (2019), Education for Resilience: Exploring the experiences of refugee students in three\ncommunities in Ethiopia. The report focused on refugee education, but not specifically on secondary education.\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8218347430229187, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6022026538848877, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nlearners", - "confidence": 0.6985616683959961, - "start": 273, - "end": 275 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "present study", - "confidence": 0.569467306137085, - "start": 248, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nlearners", - "confidence": 0.8983852863311768, - "start": 273, - "end": 275 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "semi-structured key\ninformant interviews", - "confidence": 0.7442020177841187, - "start": 311, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.5405785441398621, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus\ngroup discussions", - "confidence": 0.9182145595550537, - "start": 334, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5065764784812927, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Audio-recordings", - "confidence": 0.7708864808082581, - "start": 534, - "end": 535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee participants", - "confidence": 0.9421024322509766, - "start": 528, - "end": 530 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.6846083998680115, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.6453096270561218, - "start": 711, - "end": 712 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\n**Ethical considerations**\n\n\nThis study was not submitted to an Institutional Review Board (IRB) for approval. At the time of writing,\nclearly defined ethical clearance processes for collecting data and conducting research in humanitarian\nsettings are still underdeveloped (Maglio and Pherali 2020). However, efforts were made to ensure that\nthe study followed ethical principles, including do no harm, informed consent and confidentiality. Consent\nforms and an information leaflet were drafted and participants in the study were assured of confidentiality\nand anonymity; they were informed that their participation in key informant interviews and focus group\ndiscussions was voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any point in time. The data collected\nwas anonymized through the use of pseudonyms for individual names and sites, and stored in a passwordprotected computer only accessible by the lead researcher. Recordings were destroyed once transcribed.\n\n## **Key findings/results**\n\n\nThis section summarizes key findings on challenges (Q1) identified from country case studies. The last section\nlays out recommendations and includes examples of support mechanisms (Q2) and promising practices (Q3).\nFindings in both sections are organized around four topic areas: 1) education policy, 2) secondary education\naccess, 3) learning and retention, and 4) teachers and other education staff.\n\n\n**Education policy**\n\n\nOne important area of challenges identified in the case studies is in education policy and legal frameworks.\nIn some host countries, refugee youth may be excluded from national secondary education. Freedom of\nmovement may also be restricted, especially when residing in camps, limiting access to secondary school for\nrefugee learners.\n\n\nThe four countries included in the study have varied education policies. In Ethiopia and Uganda, refugees are\nable to access the public system at secondary and tertiary levels, on par with nationals and within available\nresources, and in both countries, refugee youth are allowed to attend government secondary schools in urban\nsettings. In Egypt, policies are based on the refugees\u2019 country of origin\u2013a presidential decree passed in 2012\nallowed access to public education for Syrian, Sudanese, South Sudanese and Yemeni refugee children. In\nMalaysia, current policy does not allow access to state schools.\n\n\nWhen policy does not allow access to secondary government schools, refugee youth resort to non-formal\nlearning centres or community schools, which may not provide accredited learning or pathways back into formal\neducation. This is the case in Malaysia, where refugee youth attend non-formal learning centres or community\nschools set up by partnerships between local NGOs, refugee communities and UNHCR. These are not recognized\nby the Ministry of Education and do not provide accredited learning, meaning that youth are unable to pursue\nfurther formal education in Malaysia.\n\n\nA related challenge is that refugee parents and unaccompanied youth may face difficulties in completing\nenrolment procedures, filling in forms and providing the documentation required by education officials in the\nhost countries: government-issued residence permits, birth certificates, etc. Across all case study countries,\nrefugee youth faced transition challenges associated with providing documentation.\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\n**Secondary education access**\n\n\nAcross all countries, significant disparities in access to secondary education were recorded between refugee\nadolescents and youth, and the host population (Figure 1). Demographic characteristics including age, gender,\nincome level and the interactions between them, were found to affect the likelihood of accessing secondary school.\n\n\n\nGender, which interacts with socioeconomic\ncharacteristics, is important when analysing\nthe key challenges in the transition to\nsecondary education. In both Ethiopia and\nUganda, the study found that the gross\nenrolment ratio at secondary level was higher\nfor males than for females (see Annex).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugee girls are often negatively affected\n\nnevertheless ensure community acceptance,\n\nrefugee female youth attending non-formal\nsecondary education (612 out of 1,300 youth and adolescents), only 5 per cent were Rohingya. Interviews with\nRohingya parents in this study revealed that they are reluctant to send their adolescent daughters to schools because\nthey believe that there should be separate seating arrangements for boys and girls, particularly at secondary level,\nand would prefer female-only classes. [5] In Uganda, the study found that study participants cited early and arranged\nmarriages as an alternative to education, with girls\u2019 education perceived as an additional burden to families.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn addition to gender, age may play an important role in constraining access to secondary education. Refugee\nyouth may find asylum across international borders, but may face altered family dynamics (Reed et al. 2012),\nwith adolescents taking on care responsibilities. For example, both male and female refugee adolescents and\nyouth who are unaccompanied or separated may take on the role of caregiver for their younger siblings, making\nit difficult for them to continue their studies (Plan International 2013). In the aftermath of a disaster, families may\nalso depend on children, especially girls of an adolescent age, to perform chores (2013). According to Kwauk et\nal. (2019), adolescent girls tend to be the first to be pulled out of school in emergencies, usually to alleviate extra\nburdens as a result of a given crisis. In Ethiopia, the study found that parents had expectations that adolescent\ngirls should carry out household chores, which disadvantaged them from continuing their education at the\nsecondary level. In Uganda, no evidence for this was specifically identified, but may be present, as 1 out of every\n2 refugee households are female led.\n\n\nIn addition, like host community families, refugee families may be unable to afford the direct and indirect costs\ninvolved in the transition to secondary education. In Ethiopia, the study found that many students mentioned\nfinancial difficulties; notably not being able to buy school uniforms and insufficient food. In Uganda, most\nsecondary schools require students to pay extra fees. These hidden costs were identified as one of main reasons\nfor the failed transition to the secondary level by both refugee youth and their parents in this study. In Egypt, the\nstudy found that refugee parents also expressed concern about their inability to cover the costs of secondary\neducation, including costs relating to transportation, school supplies, examination fees and private tutoring.\n\n\n5 A recent INEE report identified similar findings for Rohingya female adolescents in Bangladesh (Cox\u2019s Bazar), where, by late adolescence\n(15-18), only 2 per cent of girls were still receiving an education and girls were six times less likely than their male peers to attend a\nlearning centre (2021).\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\nEconomic constraints can also interact with age and tend\nto impact upon refugee boys and male youth. Particularly in\ncontexts where traditional notions of masculinity are upheld,\nthey may prioritize paid labour over education in order to\nsupport themselves, provide for their family\u2019s needs or meet\nhigh dowry costs (Plan International, 2019). In Ethiopia, the\nstudy found that youth who were heads of households were\npressured to earn a living, which made it difficult for them to\ntransition to secondary school. The lack of prospects for their\nfuture and inability to meet their own basic needs or those\nof their families, increases the likelihood of engagement in\nthe worst forms of labour, including participation in illegal\nactivities in or through organized criminal groups (Aguilar\n2019). This is particularly acute at the adolescent age, when\nrisk-taking behaviour significantly increases (Romer and\nHennessy 2007). In Uganda, the risk of recruitment into\nmilitant groups, particularly in refugee settlements that are\nclose to the border with South Sudan, were cited by study\nparticipants as one of the most frequently reported reasons\nfor the interruption in schooling.\n\n\n**Learning and retention**\n\n\nAccess to quality education to ensure learning outcomes and retention at secondary level also constitutes a key\nchallenge, though it is important to point out that there is little to no systematic evidence regarding the learning\noutcomes of refugee students. [6] The findings from these case studies elucidate some of the factors that may be\ndriving poor learning outcomes and high dropout rates.\n\n\nAs a starting point, the provision of secondary education is more costly both to the state and to parents than\nprimary education (UNHCR and World Bank 2021), with students often lacking access to the materials they\nwould need to engage in learning activities and ensure positive learning outcomes (see Fredriksen & Brar\n(2015) on the importance of textbook availability to ensure learning outcomes). In Ethiopia for example, the\nstudy found that almost all refugee students expressed concerns about\nthe lack of science laboratories, relevant equipment and information and\ncommunications technology (ICT) facilities in their schools. Principals\nalso shared their concerns about the high cost of lab materials and the\ndifficulty of importing them to Ethiopia. At most schools, the ICT facilities\nwere not being used due to a lack of electricity, all of which points to\nunderresourced environments that are not conducive to learning.\n\n\nIn addition, there are concerns about school-related violence as well as\nviolence around schools, all of which affects the educational experiences\nand learning outcomes of students, although evidence has not been\ncollected specifically for refugee learners (see for example, Ch\u00e1vez et\nal., 2021; Delprato et al., 2017; Rom\u00e1n & Murillo, 2011). In Ethiopia and\nMalaysia, the study found that parents and students voiced concerns\nrelating to their children\u2019s safety on the way to and from schools and\nlearning centres. Violence in the form of corporal punishment by teachers\nwas also noted in studies on Ethiopia and Uganda and there is abundant\nevidence to suggest that this practice negatively impacts on education\noutcomes, including enrolment, retention (Gershoff 2017) and learning\n(Baker-Henningham et al. 2009; Ogando Portela and Pells 2015; Talwar,\n\n\n6 Exceptions include a study in Kenya (Piper et al. 2019) and in Uganda (Uwezo 2018), as well as a recent ASER assessment of Myanmar\nrefugee children in Bangladesh (Education Cannot Wait 2020), with findings indicating that learning outcomes among refugee students\nare generally poor.\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.6332458853721619, - "start": 283, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.548516035079956, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee students", - "confidence": 0.9401590824127197, - "start": 273, - "end": 275 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ASER assessment", - "confidence": 0.5662267208099365, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.5406861901283264, - "start": 651, - "end": 653 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\nCarlson, and Lee 2011). There were also reported concerns about the safety of infrastructure in both Ethiopia\nand Uganda, with strong evidence of the link between infrastructure, safety and learning (Barrett et al. 2019).\n\n\nA poor learning environment can contribute not only to poor learning but also to increased dropout rates\n(see Townsend et al., 2008); although, again, the available evidence is not specific to refugee learners and\nis more limited in lower middle-income contexts. Data from this study reveals that retention at secondary\nlevel is also difficult for learners who are overage, as well as for those who lack motivation to continue\ntheir studies. In Ethiopia, for example, students described their teachers as not being properly qualified in\nSTEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects. This, combined with unengaging teaching\nmethods based on rote learning, caused them to lose motivation. Many students also have poor educational\nsupport capacities within their homes and limited access to opportunities for remedial education, all of which\naffect learning and retention outcomes.\n\n\n**Teachers and education personnel**\n\n\nA fourth area of challenges relates to teachers and\neducation staff. Quality of teaching is perhaps one of the\nmost relevant school-based determinants of education\noutcomes, including retention and student performance\n(World Bank 2019). Unfortunately, national teachers,\nwho are in charge of teaching refugee students in\npublic secondary schools, often face a myriad of issues,\nincluding limited training or qualifications, low salaries (or\nincentive payments in the case of refugee teachers) and\nconstraining environments.\n\n\nNational teachers working with refugee students are\noften caught unprepared to manage large intercultural\nclasses of varying levels and psychosocial needs and feel\noverwhelmed by the extra responsibility. In Ethiopia,\nthe study found that only a limited number of national\n(and almost no refugee) teachers have the formal\nqualifications required to teach at secondary school\nlevel. In Malaysia, the study found that qualifications\nmay vary significantly across learning centres: some\nteachers may be university graduates while others have\nonly completed high school. Further exacerbating these\nchallenges are the high refugee pupil-teacher ratios\nidentified: in Malaysia this figure exceeded 70:1 while in\nEthiopia the figure was above 100:1.\n\n\nIn addition to varied profiles in qualifications, there are concerns around low or non-existent salaries for\nteachers engaging with refugee learners. In Malaysia, the study found that many teachers are volunteers and\nfind it challenging to teach refugees, which makes for high staff turnover. In Egypt, key informants of the study\nmentioned that the low teachers\u2019 salaries lead to low levels of self-efficacy and to many teachers working as\nprivate tutors to supplement their income.\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n## **Recommendations**\n\n\nA series of recommendations for the four thematic areas of the study is provided below:\n\n\n**Policy recommendations**\n_**Education policy**_\n\n - Where appropriate, continue working with government actors to incorporate refugees into education\nsector plans (ESP), with the aim of ensuring that refugees can access secondary school under the same\ncondition as nationals. Where feasible, accelerate both refugee inclusion in government schools and\ninvestments in secondary education.\n\n - Enhance links between primary and secondary schools and with parents, to prepare refugee students\nfor transition to secondary. Primary schools could: share relevant information with the students, parents\nand receiving school; set up visits; share lists of students ready to enroll; identify vulnerable students and\nprovide support; provide mentorship and opportunities for peer exchange.\n\n - Support refugee parents with guidance, form-filling and literacy classes, to ensure that they understand\nand can complete the enrolment process. Home visits coordinated by parent and teacher associations\n(PTAs), to support vulnerable refugee families and assist parents in the transition process, might be one\navenue to explore further.\n\n\n_**Secondary education access**_\n\n - Identify context-specific factors that are preventing girls or boys from accessing secondary education.\nWhere traditional views include a negative perception of girls\u2019 (or boys\u2019) education, introduce behaviour\nchange programming (Petit and Zalk 2019), including the creation of campaigns that focus on changing\nnorms and associated behaviour patterns.\n\n - Where adolescents and youth have care responsibilities (for younger siblings) and this constitutes\na barrier to accessing secondary education, provide childcare support.\n\n - Identify/assess the opportunity costs to adolescents and youth of selecting secondary education over\nlabour; provide targeted cash support at household level that compensates for lost earnings.\n\n - Where applicable, advocate for abolishing direct school fees (enrolment costs or examination fees) in\npublic schools with refugee students, or schools catering to refugees, and introduce extra-curricular\nincome-generation activities at schools, to improve cost-effectiveness and increase ownership.\n\n\n_**Learning and retention**_\n\n - Facilitate the administration of a national secondary exam, where appropriate. In addition, conduct\nresearch to measure holistic learning outcomes for secondary refugee learners across the four countries\ncovered by this study.\n\n - Through a consultative process with communities, create a checklist with priorities for a holistic school\ndesign that is also in line with existing national standards (if feasible, also with INEE standards), including:\nscience lab equipment; segregated dormitories and gender-sensitive WASH facilities; accessibility for\nyouth with disabilities; generators and/or solar panels.\n\n - Ensure that existing national anti-bullying campaigns are also reaching refugee schools or schools at\nwhich refugee students are enrolled.\n\n - Carry out evidence-informed advocacy in order to outlaw the use of corporal punishment in schools in\ncontexts where this is still a common practice.\n\n - When developing infrastructure, assess and target areas of critical need and conduct conflict-sensitive\nrisk assessments. Use an \u2018area approach\u2019 to decide where a new school should be constructed to benefit\nboth host and refugee learners (ideally in the proximity of primary schools and safely accessible for both\nboys and girls) and pilot schools for handover from UNHCR to government management.\n\n\n_**Teachers and training**_\n\n - Train national secondary-levels teachers on: refugees\u2019 needs, protection and existing policies; the\npotential value of their inclusion; and how they can support transitions to secondary school.\n\n - Enhance incentives and working conditions to increase the number of teachers, especially in hardship\nlocations and/or refugee-hosting districts. This should address issues surrounding poor and unsafe\naccommodation, low salaries and limited opportunities for career advancement or promotion, which lead\nto dissatisfaction, absenteeism and impaired classroom relationships due to stress, fatigue and burnout.\n\n - Support the translation of refugee teachers\u2019 qualifications, as well as their opportunities for exchanges\nwith national teachers, including across countries, to allow for the sharing of ideas and lessons learned.\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\n**Research recommendations**\n\n - Conduct robust empirical research to further understand the barriers to transition into secondary\neducation for refugee learners in other contexts.\n\n - Conduct thorough desk-based research to collect existing evidence on the association between the use\nof corporal punishment and poor learning outcomes.\n\n - Conduct systematic data collection to understand the prevalence of different forms of school-related\nviolence, including corporal punishment and bullying. Conduct studies to understand the effects of\nschool environmental factors (bullying, corporal punishment, etc.) on the learning outcomes of refugee\nstudents.\n\n## **Sources**\n\n\nAguilar, Karla M. 2019. \u201cNuevas Formas de Trabajo Infantil: Utilizaci\u00f3n y Reclutamiento de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as\ny Adolescentes Para La Realizaci\u00f3n de Actividades Il\u00edcitas En Las Pandillas de El Salvador.\u201d San Jose:\n[International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/sanjose/WCMS_669938/lang--es/index.htm.](https://www.ilo.org/sanjose/WCMS_669938/lang--es/index.htm)\nBaker-Henningham, Helen, Julie Meeks-Gardner, Susan Chang, and Susan Walker. 2009. \u201cExperiences of\nViolence and Deficits in Academic Achievement among Urban Primary School Children in Jamaica.\u201d\n_Child Abuse & Neglect_ [33 (5): 296\u2013306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.011.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.011)\nBalvin, Nicola, and Prerna Banati. 2016. \u201cThe Adolescent Brain: A Second Window of Opportunity [A Compendium.\u201d Florence: UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. https://www.unicef-irc.org/](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/933-the-adolescent-brain-a-second-window-of-opportunity-a-compendium.html)\n[publications/933-the-adolescent-brain-a-second-window-of-opportunity-a-compendium.html.](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/933-the-adolescent-brain-a-second-window-of-opportunity-a-compendium.html)\nBarrett, Peter, Alberto Treves, Tigran Shmis, and Diego Ambasz. 2019. _The Impact of School Infrastructure on_\n_Learning: A Synthesis of the Evidence_ . Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.\nBoyden, Jo, Alula Pankhurst, and Yisak Tafere. 2013. \u201cHarmful Traditional Practices and Child Protection:\nContested Understandings and Practices of Female Child Marriage and Circumcision in Ethiopia.\u201d\n[Working Paper. Oxford: Young Lives. https://www.younglives.org.uk/sites/www.younglives.org.uk/](https://www.younglives.org.uk/sites/www.younglives.org.uk/files/YL-WP93_Boyden.pdf)\n[files/YL-WP93_Boyden.pdf.](https://www.younglives.org.uk/sites/www.younglives.org.uk/files/YL-WP93_Boyden.pdf)\nCh\u00e1vez, Cirenia, Maria J. Benitez, Victor Cebotari, Chii Fen, Dominic Richardson, and Juliana Zapata. 2021.\n\u201cSchool-Related Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: Building an Evidence Base for Stronger\nSchools.\u201d Working Paper. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research \u2013 Innocenti.\n[https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/School-Related_Violence_in_Latin_America_and_the_](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/School-Related_Violence_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Building_an_Evidence_Base_for_Stronger_Schools.pdf)\n[Caribbean_Building_an_Evidence_Base_for_Stronger_Schools.pdf.](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/School-Related_Violence_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Building_an_Evidence_Base_for_Stronger_Schools.pdf)\nCrone, Eveline A., and Ronald E. Dahl. 2012. \u201cUnderstanding Adolescence as a Period of Social\u2013Affective\nEngagement and Goal Flexibility.\u201d _Nature Reviews Neuroscience_ 13 (9): 636\u201350.\n[https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313.](https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313)\nDelprato, Marcos Alberto, Kwame Akyeampong, and M\u00e1ir\u00e9ad Dunne. 2017. \u201cThe Impact of Bullying on\nStudents\u2019 Learning in Latin America: A Matching Approach for 15 Countries.\u201d _International Journal of_\n_Educational Development_ 52 (C): 37\u201357.\nEducation Cannot Wait. 2020. \u201cStronger Together in Crisis: 2019 Annual Results Report.\u201d New York: ECW.\n\n[https://www.educationcannotwait.org/annual-report/.](https://www.educationcannotwait.org/annual-report/)\nFredriksen, Birger, and Sukhdeep Brar. 2015. _Getting Textbooks to Every Child in Sub-Saharan Africa: Strategies_\n_for Addressing the High Cost and Low Availability Problem_ . Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.\nGershoff, Elizabeth T. 2017. \u201cSchool Corporal Punishment in Global Perspective: Prevalence, Outcomes, and\nEfforts at Intervention.\u201d _Psychology, Health & Medicine_ 22 (sup1): 224\u201339.\n[https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271955.](https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271955)\nInter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies. 2021. \u201cMind the Gap: The State of Girls\u2019 Education in\nCrisis and Conflict.\u201d New York: INEE.\n[https://inee.org/resources/mind-gap-state-girls-education-crisis-and-conflict.](https://inee.org/resources/mind-gap-state-girls-education-crisis-and-conflict)\nKwauk, Christina, Jessica Cooke, Elisa Hara, and Joni Pegram. 2019. \u201cGirls\u2019 Education in Climate Strategies.\u201d\nGlobal Economy and Development Working Paper. Washington D.C.: Brookings.\n[https://www.brookings.edu/research/girls-education-in-climate-strategies/.](https://www.brookings.edu/research/girls-education-in-climate-strategies/)\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education Series:** _Research Brief 2022-01_\n\n\n**Primary Secondary Tertiary Emergencies Connected Thematic**\n\n\nLee, Nikki C., Miriam Hollarek, and Lydia Krabbendam. 2018. \u201cNeurocognitive Development During\nAdolescence.\u201d In _Handbook of Adolescent Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy_, edited\nby Jennifer E. Lansford and Prerna Banati, 46\u201367. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nMaglio, Fabiana, and Tejendra Pherali. 2020. \u201cEthical Reflections on Children\u2019s Participation in Educational\nResearch during Humanitarian Crises.\u201d _Research Ethics_ 16 (1\u20132): 1\u201319.\n[https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016119898409.](https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016119898409)\nOgando Portela, Maria Jose, and Kirrily Pells. 2015. \u201cCorporal Punishment in Schools - Longitudinal Evidence\nfrom Ethiopia, India, Peru and Viet Nam.\u201d Innocenti Discussion Paper. Florence: UNICEF Office of\n[Research \u2013 Innocenti. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/788-corporal-punishment-in-schools-](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/788-corporal-punishment-in-schools-longitudinal-evidence-from-ethiopia-india-peru-and.html)\n[longitudinal-evidence-from-ethiopia-india-peru-and.html.](https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/788-corporal-punishment-in-schools-longitudinal-evidence-from-ethiopia-india-peru-and.html)\nPetit, Vincent, and Tamar N. Zalk. 2019. \u201cEverybody Wants to Belong: A Practical Guide to Tackling and\nLeveraging Social Norms in Behaviour Change Programming.\u201d Amman: UNICEF MENA Regional Office.\n[https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/4891/file.](https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/4891/file)\nPiper, Benjamin, Sarah Dryden-Peterson, Vidur Chopra, Celia Reddick, and Arbogast Oyanga. 2019. \u201cAre\nRefugee Children Learning? Early Grade Literacy in a Refugee Camp in Kenya.\u201d _Journal of Education in_\n_Emergencies_ 5 (2): 71\u2013107.\nPlan International. 2013. \u201cBecause I Am a Girl. The State of the World\u2019s Girls 2013: In Double Jeopardy \u2013\nAdolescent Girls and Disasters.\u201d Plan International.\n[https://plan-international.org/publications/state-worlds-girls-2013-adolescent-girls-and-disasters.](https://plan-international.org/publications/state-worlds-girls-2013-adolescent-girls-and-disasters)\n\u2014\u2014\u2014. 2019. \u201cLeft Out, Left Behind: Adolescent Girls\u2019 Secondary Education in Crises.\u201d Plan International.\n\n[https://reliefweb.int/report/world/left-out-left-behind-adolescent-girls-secondary-education-crises.](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/left-out-left-behind-adolescent-girls-secondary-education-crises)\nReed, Ruth V., Mina Fazel, Lynne Jones, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Alan Stein. 2012. \u201cMental Health of\nDisplaced and Refugee Children Resettled in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Risk and\nProtective Factors.\u201d _The Lancet_ [379 (9812): 250\u201365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60050-0.](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60050-0)\nRom\u00e1n, Marcela, and Javier Murillo. 2011. \u201cLatin America: School Bullying and Academic Achievement.\u201d\nSantiago: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).\n[https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/11502.](https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/11502)\nRomer, Daniel, and Michael Hennessy. 2007. \u201cA Biosocial-Affect Model of Adolescent Sensation Seeking: The\nRole of Affect Evaluation and Peer-Group Influence in Adolescent Drug Use.\u201d _Prevention Science_ 8 (2):\n[89\u2013101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7.](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7)\nTalwar, Victoria, Stephanie M. Carlson, and Kang Lee. 2011. \u201cEffects of a Punitive Environment on\nChildren\u2019s Executive Functioning: A Natural Experiment.\u201d _Social Development_ 20 (4): 805\u201324.\n[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00617.x.](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00617.x)\nTownsend, Loraine, Alan J. Flisher, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, and Gary King. 2008. \u201cThe Relationship\nbetween Bullying Behaviours and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa.\u201d _South African_\n_Journal of Psychology_ [38 (1): 21\u201332. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630803800102.](https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630803800102)\n[UNESCO-UIS. 2021. \u201cUIS Statistics.\u201d 2021. http://data.uis.unesco.org/#.](http://data.uis.unesco.org/#)\nUNHCR. 2018. \u201cHer Turn: It\u2019s Time to Make Refugee Girls\u2019 Education a Priority.\u201d 2018.\n\n[https://www.unhcr.org/herturn/.](https://www.unhcr.org/herturn/)\nUNHCR, and World Bank. 2021. \u201cThe Global Cost of Inclusive Refugee Education.\u201d Washington D.C.: UNHCR\n[& World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/159281614191477048/pdf/The-](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/159281614191477048/pdf/The-Global-Cost-of-Inclusive-Refugee-Education.pdf)\n[Global-Cost-of-Inclusive-Refugee-Education.pdf.](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/159281614191477048/pdf/The-Global-Cost-of-Inclusive-Refugee-Education.pdf)\nUwezo. 2018. \u201cAre Our Children Learning? Uwezo Learning Assessment in Refugee Contexts in Uganda.\u201d\n[Kampala: Twaweza East Africa. https://www.twaweza.org/go/uwezo-learning-assessment-in-refugee-](https://www.twaweza.org/go/uwezo-learning-assessment-in-refugee-contexts-in-uganda)\n[contexts-in-uganda.](https://www.twaweza.org/go/uwezo-learning-assessment-in-refugee-contexts-in-uganda)\nWodon, Quentin, Claudio Montenegro, Hoa Nguyen, and Adenike Onagoruwa. 2018. \u201cMissed Opportunities:\n[The High Cost of Not Educating Girls.\u201d Washington D.C.: World Bank. https://openknowledge.](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29956)\n[worldbank.org/handle/10986/29956.](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29956)\n[World Bank. 2019. \u201cTeach Brief.\u201d Washington D.C.: World Bank. http://wbgfiles.worldbank.org/documents/](http://wbgfiles.worldbank.org/documents/hdn/ed/saber/Teach/Brief/132206-WP-PUBLIC-Teach-Brief-English.pdf)\n[hdn/ed/saber/Teach/Brief/132206-WP-PUBLIC-Teach-Brief-English.pdf.](http://wbgfiles.worldbank.org/documents/hdn/ed/saber/Teach/Brief/132206-WP-PUBLIC-Teach-Brief-English.pdf)\nWorld Bank Group. 2019. \u201cEducation for Resilience : Exploring the Experiences of Refugee Students in Three\n[Communities in Ethiopia.\u201d Washington D.C.: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32096)\n[handle/10986/32096.](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32096)\n\n\nTransition to secondary education 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70c4b635-43a9-4859-a5c7-448646ee7dee/UNHCR%20-%20Education%20Series%20-%20Research%20Brief%20%27Transition%20to%20Secondary%20Education%27.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_679/raw/doc_679_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_679/raw/doc_679_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ced2b7364d0bcd666bfe6f183a082029954443f6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_679/raw/doc_679_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Unknown author Unknown date\n\n# **\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629** **2024 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646**\n\n\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a - **\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641**\n\n\u0644\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 2024 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 .\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\n\n\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064d\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 2.4 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\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u060c\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0651\u062d\u064d\n\n.\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press-releases/unhcr-global-refugee-resettlement-needs-grow-2024 1/2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c499c950-0a34-4345-ae4a-5b8b76b3dec2/UNHCR%20-%20Global%20refugee%20resettlement%20needs%20grow%20in%202024%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6/26/23, 3:38 PM | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u06292024 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\n\n\n\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\n\n\n[Viewed using Just Read](https://justread.link/)\n\n\nhttps://www.unhcr.org/ar/news/press-releases/unhcr-global-refugee-resettlement-needs-grow-2024 2/2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c499c950-0a34-4345-ae4a-5b8b76b3dec2/UNHCR%20-%20Global%20refugee%20resettlement%20needs%20grow%20in%202024%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_68/raw/doc_68_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_68/raw/doc_68_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bcd75833fad9f354bdf3928dd75f8b9e0527e79e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_68/raw/doc_68_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **OVERVIEW**\n\nSyria\u2019s political landscape transformed on **8 December 2024** with the fall of the former regime. A new **transitional**\n**government** is now in place, but the country remains **fragmented** among various armed actors: Hayat Tahrir al-Sham\n(HTS) and groups formed under the umbrella of the Syrian Nation al Army (SNA) now dominate most of the west\nand north (including Damascus, Aleppo, Idlib), while the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) retain parts of\nthe northeast. In the South, various armed groups under a separate \u2018operational command\u2019 exercise territorial\ncontrol. Other foreign influences persist \u2013 Russia holds bases on the coast and Israel has expanded the areas under\nits territorial control. Despite recent agreements (with the SDF and OAGs in Sweida) security is **volatile** ; the various\ngroups are not all fully united and sporadic clashes continue (for e.g. SNA vs SDF skirmishes in the northeast) while\nnew conflict dynamics are also emerging (for e.g. Coastal and Central areas).\n\n\nHumanitarian needs in Syria are **staggering** . An estimated **16.5 million people** - out of which 6.5 million are children\u2013\nthe highest since the crisis began \u2013 are projected to require some form of assistance in 2025 (Humanitarian Response\nPriorities 2025). Years of conflict have decimated infrastructure nationwide, leaving millions without adequate\nhousing, reliable water, electricity and healthcare. Over **7.4 million Syrians** remain internally displaced inside the\ncountry, with many displaced multiple times, and neighboring countries host millions of Syrian refugees. With the\nformer Government\u2019s fall, **returns** have begun. According to OCHA, 885,000 IDPs have returned to their areas of\norigin since November 27. Furthermore, and according to UNHCR, some 300,000 Syrians from abroad have returned\nsince after December 8 [th], with many host states now urging Syrians to go back. However, conditions in Syria are far\nfrom fully stable or conducive, raising concerns about premature returns and secondary displacement. **Protection**\n**needs** are still immense: Syrians face threats from conflict, unexploded ordnances, housing, land and property\nrelated disputes, lack of access to civil documentation (including birth certificates for children), forced labor,\nkidnappings, ethnic and sectarian related violence, gender-based violence, grave child rights violations and\nexploitation, among others.\n\n## **NATIONWIDE PROTECTION RISKS OUTLOOK**\n\n\nSyria\u2019s transition is impacting protection risks nationally and regionally. Some threats have receded, while new\ndangers and chronic issues persist. In this unpredictable environment, persecution, and retaliatory violence have\nrecently been on the rise. The absence of rule of law and transitional justice mechanisms threatens social cohesion,\nfueling tensions. All 15 protection risks [1] identified by the Protection Cluster remain relevant in Syria\u2019s post-Assad\n\n\n[1 More information on the 15 protection risks monitored by protection clusters is available here](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/994/policy-and-guidance/guidelines/protection-risks-explanatory-note)\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\nregime context, though their severity varies. While large-scale hostilities have subsided, **violence and lawlessness**\n**persist particularly across Homs, the Coastal region, and Northeast and Northwest Syria** . Targeted attacks,\nkidnappings, and opposition-loyalist clashes are on the rise. NES remains particularly vulnerable due to ongoing\narmed clashes between the SDF and SNA, as well as the presence of ISIS cells in Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa. Recent mine\naction reports also indicate that NES has some of the highest levels of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination,\nwith active clearance efforts needing scale-up in Raqqa, Qamishli, and Deir ez-Zor ( _[Mine Action Syria Update No. 1,](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unprecedented-threat-explosive-ordnance-across-syria-ma-aor-situation-update-no1-december-2024-january-2025?utm_source=rw-subscriptions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=country_updates_226)_\n_[2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unprecedented-threat-explosive-ordnance-across-syria-ma-aor-situation-update-no1-december-2024-january-2025?utm_source=rw-subscriptions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=country_updates_226)_ ).\n\n\nThe absence of rule of law has also fueled criminal activity, while the lack of fully functional courts and weak\ngovernance leave civilians with no access to justice. Meanwhile, cross-border military operations continue, with\nrecent strikes reaching deeper into Deir-ez-Zor and other areas previously less affected, while in Manbij, ongoing\nairstrikes, movement restrictions, and limited access to food and basic services continue to threaten civilians. While\nmass releases of detainees in December reduced regime-era arbitrary detentions affecting especially political\nprisoners, they also freed individuals without due process or monitoring and irrespective of the reason for their\ndetention **.** Nor has the risk _vanished_ : **Kidnappings, abductions, and disappearances persist**, with civilians\nincreasingly caught in security operations and criminal activity. The new authorities have detained some former\nregime members and others perceived as threats, raising due-process concerns. Many thousands remain missing\nfrom past years, and clarifying their fate remains a **top priority** for families. The Multisectoral Needs Assessment\n(MSNA ~~)~~ [[[1]]](https://euc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/wordeditorframe.aspx?ui=en-GB&rs=en-US&wopisrc=https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%2Fteams%2Fdip-gpc-OPScellinternal%2F_vti_bin%2Fwopi.ashx%2Ffiles%2F085de9a00c3b45a7975a687f968bd272&wdlor=c03C6A754-E280-4737-B3FC-7DE73DB48CE0&wdenableroaming=1&mscc=0&hid=65458CA1-4044-C000-1353-D5307A63B0DD.0&uih=sharepointcom&wdlcid=en-GB&jsapi=1&jsapiver=v2&corrid=e5c483ae-593f-f1a0-95e2-ff1482539a1c&usid=e5c483ae-593f-f1a0-95e2-ff1482539a1c&newsession=1&sftc=1&uihit=docaspx&muv=1&cac=1&sams=1&mtf=1&sfp=1&sdp=1&hch=1&hwfh=1&dchat=1&sc=%7B%22pmo%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Funhcr365.sharepoint.com%22%2C%22pmshare%22%3Atrue%7D&ctp=LeastProtected&rct=Normal&wdorigin=Outlook-Body.Sharing.ServerTransfer&wdhostclicktime=1742450810358&csc=1&instantedit=1&wopicomplete=1&wdredirectionreason=Unified_SingleFlush#_ftn1) indicated in 2024 escalating child protection concerns across all governorates with approximately 73 per\ncent of surveyed household heads reporting at least one family member exhibiting signs of psychological distress,\nand 28 per cent specifically noting distress among children. Without adequate mental health and psychosocial\nsupport, children's capacity to cope with adversity is severely compromised **Child and family separation** saw a\nparadoxical trend: many families reunited as borders and front lines opened and prisoners were freed, yet the late2024 chaos also created new separations (children lost in displacement, families split fleeing combat, separated\nchildren in closed institutional care). **Discrimination and stigmatization** are also on the increase for certain groups,\nwith risks of denial of resources, opportunities and services, especially for women and girls who continue to be\ndisproportionally affected by the changing but continuing crises. Humanitarian access, while improved, remains\nimpacted by security constraints and bureaucratic impediments and interference, negatively impacting\ncommunities\u2019 access to assistance and services.\n\n\nSeveral **protection risks remain extremely acute** in the current period. **Impediments to legal identity and civil**\n**documentation** including birth certificates for children risk denying millions of access to services, freedom of\nmovement, and legal rights, as fragmented registries, non-operational civil affairs offices and unrecognized\ndocuments obstruct justice, governance, and social inclusion. **Housing, land, and property violations** \u2014including\nlooting, destruction, forced evictions, and property occupation\u2014spiked immediately after the transition, particularly\nin Damascus, Afrin, and Tell Rifaat, where minorities faced discrimination and persecution when reclaiming land and\nproperties. In northwest Syria, returnees in former frontline areas encountered high levels of explosive ordnance\ncontamination, injuries, and destroyed or occupied homes, fueling confrontations, and risks of renewed violence\nand displacement. **Psychosocial distress** remains widespread after 14 years of conflict, yet mental health support\nremains insufficient to address the complexity of needs. In Northeast and Northwest Syria, inadequate services have\ncontributed to rising drug dependency, while suicide rates have sharply increased (NWS MHPSS WG). **Gender-based**\n**violence (GBV)** remains pervasive, with domestic violence, sexual exploitation, and shifting socio-cultural norms\nincreasingly restricting women\u2019s safety, independence and opportunities. This is particularly the case for femaleheaded households such as widows or those who are divorced. Despite a decline in some conflict-related sexual\nviolence, recent developments have disproportionately impacted women and girls and have increased their risk of\nbeing exposed to violence, especially in areas where the security situation has deteriorated. This is compounded by\nthe economic crisis, forced and voluntary returns, limited access to essential goods, basic services, and opportunities,\nmultiple displacements, overcrowding and poor living conditions in camps and temporary shelters. **Explosive**\n**hazards** contaminate large swaths of Syria; landmines, IEDs, and unexploded ordnance (UXO) are claiming lives every\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\nday. S yrian children continue to endure the devastating effects of unexploded ordnance (UXO) at a distressing rate\n\n- one third of casualties are children. In December 2024 alone, MA AoR reported 66 child casualties killed from\nunexploded ordnance.\n\n\nThe UXO contamination endangers lives, disrupts livelihoods and income sources, exacerbating vulnerabili ties.\n**Forced and child marriage** remains a harmful coping mechanism for some families, and **child recruitment** by armed\ngroups persists. **Trafficking and forced labor** risks may be rising as vulnerable populations (widows, unaccompanied\nchildren, youth and IDPs) are exploited by criminal networks in the post-war chaos and lack of socio-economic\nstability. In summary, some risks have diminished, but many others remain **severe and life-threatening** .\n\n\n**EACH REGION IN SYRIA HAS A UNIQUE RISK PROFILE, BUT NO PART OF SYRIA IS ENTIRELY**\n\n**SPARED FROM PROTECTION RISKS IN THIS TRANSITIONAL PERIOD.**\n\n\nThe **geographic distribution** of protection risks in Syria is uneven. Areas that saw intense combat and shifting control\nin late 2024 now face the highest levels of **physical threats** and damage. Other previously \u2018stable\u2019 areas are seeing\nincreasing risks of violence and insecurity.\n\n\nAcross all regions, the **destruction of infrastructure, including housing, and lack or limited access to basic services**\n(health services, education, electricity, running water, social services) is a unifying challenge that exacerbates\nprotection risks for all. Communities emerging from sieges or heavy fighting, such as Eastern Ghouta near Damascus\nor parts of Aleppo, have barely any services thus civilians there have a higher vulnerability to health risks,\nexploitation, negative coping mechanisms and further displacement.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n## **SIX AREAS OF CONCERN THAT MUST NOT BE OVERLOOKED**\n\n\nAs Syria enters a complex transitional phase, protection concerns remain diverse and deeply embedded across\nregions. While it is still too early to draw definitive conclusions about the most critical protection risks, initial 2024\nanalyses\u2014combined with recent developments\u2014point to six situations of concern that may produce harm or\nexacerbate existing protection risks and related needs across the country.\n\n\nThis section introduces these six situations as early signals requiring close monitoring. A dedicated protection\nanalysis will be conducted in the coming months to examine how these evolving dynamics relate to actual protection\nrisks faced by the population, and to ensure they are appropriately addressed in the transition planning and\nhumanitarian response\n\n\n\n**RETURNS AND**\n**EX FRONTLINE**\n\n**AREAS**\n\n\n\n**VULNERABLE**\n**GROUPS & RISK**\n\n**OF EXCLUSION**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n**OF CIVILIANS**\n\n**& IDPS**\n\n\n\n**DETENTIONS AND**\n**FORMER DETAINEES**\n\n\n\n**HOUSE, LAND**\n\n**& PROPERTY**\n\n\n\n**MINES &**\n**UNEXPLODED**\n\n**ORDNANCE**\n\n\n### **RETURNS AND EX FRONTLINE AREAS**\n\n**Destruction, displacement and uncertainty**\n\n\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n\n\n### **VULNERABLE GROUPS & RISK OF EXCLUSION**\n\n**Exclusion, exploitation and discrimination**\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n\n\n### **DETENTION AND FORMER DETAINEES**\n\n**Justice, security and unresolved risks**\n\n\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n### **HOUSE, LAND & PROPERTY**\n\n**Displacement, disputes and barriers to return**\n\n\n\n\n### **MINES & UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE**\n\n**EO contamination, casualties and barrier to clearance**\n\n\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n\n\n### **PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS & IDPS**\n\n**Insecruity, displacement and impact on civilians**\n\n\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION LANDSCAPE IN SYRIA**\n\n**BRIEF ANALYSIS \u2013 MARCH 2025**\n\n\n**REFERENCES**\n\n\n- [UNHCR Reports Mass Returns, Displacement in Syria](https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/824966/unhcr-reports-mass-returns-displacement-in-syria#:~:text=The%20IDP%20Taskforce%20reports%20that,between%20November%20and%20December%202024)\n\n- [Regional Flash Update 14, UNHCR, February 2025](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/250213%20UNHCR%20Regional%20Flash%20Update%2014%20-%20Syria%20situation%20crisis%20V3.pdf)\n\n- [Syrian Arab Republic: Flash Update No. 9 on the Recent ... - OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-flash-update-no-9-recent-developments-syria-31-december-2024#:~:text=Syrian%20Arab%20Republic%3A%20Flash%20Update,In)\n\n- [Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, 9 December 2024](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/michele_unhcr_org/Documents/02_NPC%20&%20INTERNAL%20SUPPORT/06_Missions%20and%20countries/SYRIA/2502%20-%20Rev%20Coordination/Daily%20Press%20Briefing%20by%20the%20Office%20of%20the%20Spokesperson%20for%20the%20Secretary-General)\n\n- [Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, 26 February 2025](https://press.un.org/en/2025/db250226.doc.htm)\n\n- [Syrian returnees facing enormous struggles and in need of support, Islamic Relief, 19 December 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-returnees-facing-enormous-struggles-and-need-support)\n\n- [Syria: Destruction, lack of services delay safe returns within country, NRC, 13 February 2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-destruction-lack-services-delay-safe-returns-within-country)\n\n- [Caretaker Authorities Should Extend Hand of Reassurance, Trust to All Communities in Syria, Special Envoy Tells](https://press.un.org/en/2025/sc15961.doc.htm)\n[Security Council\u201d, January 8, 2025](https://press.un.org/en/2025/sc15961.doc.htm)\n\n- [Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Response Priorities (January-March 2025)\", OCHA, January 2025.](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-humanitarian-response-priorities-january-march-2025)\n\n- [Unpacking the Effects of Thirteen Years of Crisis: A Snapshot of Humanitarian Needs in Post-Assad Syria (January](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unpacking-effects-thirteen-years-crisis-snapshot-humanitarian-needs-post-assad-syria-january-2025-whole-syria-enar)\n[2025 | Whole of Syria)\", REACH, January 2025.](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unpacking-effects-thirteen-years-crisis-snapshot-humanitarian-needs-post-assad-syria-january-2025-whole-syria-enar)\n\n- [UNHCR Regional Flash Update #15 - Syria Situation Crisis (20 February 2025)\", UNHCR, February 2025.](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unhcr-regional-flash-update-15-syria-situation-crisis-20-february-2025)\n\n- [Syria Global Appeal 2025 Situation Overview, UNHCR, November 2024.](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Syria%20Situation%20Overview%20v2.pdf)\n\n- [Syria: Briefing and Consultations, Security Council Report, February 2025.](https://unhcr365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/michele_unhcr_org/Documents/02_NPC%20&%20INTERNAL%20SUPPORT/06_Missions%20and%20countries/SYRIA/2502%20-%20Rev%20Coordination/\u2022%09https:/www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2025/02/syria-briefing-and-consultations-10.php)\n\n- [Syria after Assad 2024/25: Consequences and Next Steps, UK House of Commons Library, December 2024.](https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10161/)\n\n- [The Status of Syria's Transition After Two Months\", The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 2025.](https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/status-syrias-transition-after-two-months)\n\n- [While International Support is Crucial, Syrians Must Lead Their Country's Political Transition\", Chatham House,](https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/while-international-support-crucial-syrians-must-lead-their-countrys-political-transition)\n[December 2024.](https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/while-international-support-crucial-syrians-must-lead-their-countrys-political-transition)\n\n- [Syria: Inter-Cluster Rapid Needs Assessment | Aleppo and Idleb, OCHA, January 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-inter-cluster-rapid-needs-assessment-aleppo-and-idleb-14-jan-2025)\n\n- [Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Response Priorities, OCHA, January-March 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-humanitarian-response-priorities-january-march-2025-issued-january-2025)\n\n- [Cash and Voucher Assistance Feasibility Analysis for Syria, NORCAP, UNICEF and other organizations, February](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/cash-and-voucher-assistance-feasibility-analysis-syria-february-2025)\n[2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/cash-and-voucher-assistance-feasibility-analysis-syria-february-2025)\n\n- [Rapid Needs Assessment: Intentions of Syrian Communities in T\u00fcrkiye to Return to Their Hometowns in Syria,](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/rapid-needs-assessment-intentions-syrian-communities-turkiye-return-their-hometowns-syria-february-2025)\n[MDM-T DDD, February 2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/rapid-needs-assessment-intentions-syrian-communities-turkiye-return-their-hometowns-syria-february-2025)\n\n- [MA AoR Situation Update No.1 (December 2024-January 2025): Unprecedented Threat of Explosive Ordnance](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unprecedented-threat-explosive-ordnance-across-syria-ma-aor-situation-update-no1-december-2024-january-2025)\n[Across Syria, January 2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unprecedented-threat-explosive-ordnance-across-syria-ma-aor-situation-update-no1-december-2024-january-2025)\n\n- [Syria governorates IDPs and IDP returnee's overview 26 February 2025](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114787)\n\n- [Syria governorates of return overview- 06 March 2025](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/114994)\n\n- [UNICEF Syria Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3, 29 December 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unicef-syria-humanitarian-situation-report-no-3-29-december-2024)\n\n- [IOM, Responding to Syria at a Time of Need; Statement by IOM Chief, 20 December 2024](https://www.iom.int/news/responding-syria-time-need-statement-iom-chief)\n\n- [Older Persons Protection Barriers Report, North-West Syria (July 2024) [EN/AR] - Syrian Arab Republic |](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/older-persons-protection-barriers-report-north-west-syria-july-2024-enar)\n[ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/older-persons-protection-barriers-report-north-west-syria-july-2024-enar)\n\n- [Persons with Disabilities Protection Barriers Report in North-West Syria (August 2024) [EN/AR] - Syrian Arab](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/persons-disabilities-protection-barriers-report-north-west-syria-august-2024-enar)\n[Republic | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/persons-disabilities-protection-barriers-report-north-west-syria-august-2024-enar)\n\n- [Youth report: Protection barriers and risks, North-West Syria | Nov 2024 [EN/AR] - Syrian Arab Republic |](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/youth-report-protection-barriers-and-risks-north-west-syria-nov-2024-enar)\n[ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/youth-report-protection-barriers-and-risks-north-west-syria-nov-2024-enar)\n\n- [Rapid Protection Assessment Dashboard 2024 | ReliefWeb Response Protection monitoring dashboard 2024](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection/rapid-protection-assessment-dashboard-2024)\n\n- [Trafficking dashboard 2024](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection/trafficking-dashboard)\n\n- [Eviction Monitoring Dashboard 2024- EN](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection/eviction-monitoring-dashboard-arabic-version)\n\n- [Escalation of hostilities dashboard - 2024](https://response.reliefweb.int/turkiye-cross-border/protection/escalation-hostilities-dashboard-2024)\n\n- [Syria Multi-Sector Needs Assessment, 2024](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/dip-gpc-OPScellinternal/Shared%20Documents/OPS%20cell%20internal/3.%20Advocacy,%20Policy%20&%20Communication/10.%20Analysis%20and%20Advocacy/3.%20Strategic%20analysis%20and%20insights/03_Analyses%20%20processes/2502%20-%20Syria/2024%20https:/reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-multi-sector-needs-assessment-2024)\n\n- Focus Group Discussions on the Intentions of IDPs on Return, Al-Hol Camp, 24 January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This analysis is based on inputs from protection partners, including risk assessments (December 2024), secondary\ndata, and existing assessments, supplemented by observations and direct insights from field partners. While access\nconstraints and data gaps in hard-to-reach areas pose challenges, the findings reflect the best available information,\ngiven the fluid context and security risks\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n\n\n[Gavin Dhira Lim, limg@unhcr.org](mailto:limg@unhcr.org) [or Samira Tika Bavand, samira.bavand@rescue.org](mailto:samira.bavand@rescue.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "risk assessments", - "confidence": 0.9865074157714844, - "start": 11, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "hard-to-reach areas", - "confidence": 0.5800376534461975, - "start": 42, - "end": 44 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "December 2024", - "confidence": 0.7491711974143982, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary\ndata", - "confidence": 0.5038737654685974, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "existing assessments", - "confidence": 0.69648277759552, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b7142695-cdf3-4b12-9ff5-18d0ba2fc87c/250325_protection_landscape_in_syria_vfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_680/raw/doc_680_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_680/raw/doc_680_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b70babdcd8bd394a744cd2e4f8019c5d8ccdfc44..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_680/raw/doc_680_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## SOUTH-EAST ASIA IRREGULAR MARITIME MOVEMENTS\n\nJanuary \u2013 June 2014\n\n# ROUTES\n\n\n\nmixed populations that include\npersons of concern to UNHCR\nhave been prevalent in the AsiaPacific region for many years, but\nmovements through South-East\nAsia, largely originating from the\nBay of Bengal, have increased at a\nparticularly rapid rate following\ninter-communal violence in\nMyanmar in June 2012. Since\nthen, some 87,000 people are\nestimated to have departed by\nsea from the Bangladesh\nFishing boats on the beach at Teknaf, Bangladesh.\n\nMyanmar border area.\n\n- This trend has continued through the first half of 2014, during which the main\nroute of irregular maritime movement in South-East Asia remained the\njourney through the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea from the BangladeshMyanmar maritime border to the Malaysia-Thailand maritime border. Other\nirregular maritime movements passing through South-East Asia followed\nroutes through the Indian Ocean from South Asia and Indonesia to Australia,\nand across the Strait of Malacca from Malaysia to Indonesia.\n\n- Although the precise number of people travelling on such routes is unknown\nand likely much greater than what has been reported, UNHCR is aware of over\n20,000 irregular maritime departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar border\narea in the first half of 2014, in addition to hundreds who have attempted the\nboat journey to Australia.\n\n- Given the high proportion and total number of persons of concern to UNHCR\ndeparting by sea from the Bangladesh-Myanmar border, as well as a lack of\naccess to those who travelled along other routes, this report largely focuses\non the journey between the Bangladesh-Myanmar border and the MalaysiaThailand border.\n\n- Irregular maritime movements are by their nature clandestine, making the\ndata on such movements difficult to independently verify. The information in\nthis report is compiled from various sources, including direct interviews with\npersons of concern, implementing partners, media reports, and governments.\n\n\n\n\n\nFishing boats on the beach at Teknaf, Bangladesh.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Irregular Maritime Movements \u2013 UNHCR Regional Office for South-East Asia\n\n\n# DEPARTURE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- In the 12 months ending June 2014, UNHCR estimates that some\n53,000 people departed irregularly by sea from the BangladeshMyanmar border area in the Bay of Bengal, a 61 per cent increase\nfrom the previous 12 months.\n\n- As in previous years, departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar\nborder peaked during the traditional sailing season from October to\nJanuary. Since June 2012, over half of all estimated departures took\nplace between the months of October and January.\n\nborder set out most frequently from Teknaf, Bangladesh, and from\nMaungdaw, Myanmar. Away from the border area, an estimated\n7,500 additional departures have originated from the Sittwe area in\nMyanmar since June 2012.\n\n- In the first half of 2014, Bangladeshi authorities reportedly arrested over 700 people (including smugglers and crew)\nattempting to depart irregularly by sea from Bangladesh.\n\n- UNHCR interviewed recent maritime arrivals in Thailand and Malaysia who travelled on boats that accounted for as\nmany as 10,000 departures since October 2013; 40 per cent of individuals interviewed by UNHCR were\nunaccompanied minors under the age of 18.\n\n- Virtually all maritime arrivals in Thailand had intended to travel to Malaysia, where many had family members. Most\nwere either referred to smugglers by family and friends or recruited from their villages by smugglers.\n\n- Individuals departing from the Bangladesh-Myanmar border paid between USD 50-300 to board departure vessels.\nSmall boats ferried groups of 5-30 passengers to larger fishing or cargo vessels with capacities typically ranging from\n100-700 passengers.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10000\n\n\n8000\n\n\n6000\n\n\n4000\n\n\n2000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nEstimated Irregular Maritime Departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar Border\nJuly 2012 \u2013 June 2014\n\n\nJul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Irregular Maritime Movements \u2013 UNHCR Regional Office for South-East Asia\n\n# TRANSIT\n\n\n- In the first half of 2014, nine boats travelling towards Australia carrying a total of 403 reported passengers were\nintercepted by Australian authorities under the aegis of Operation Sovereign Borders. Seven boats were returned to\nIndonesia; one boat was returned to Sri Lanka following what Australian authorities called \u201cenhanced screening\u201d\u2014a\nform of accelerated procedures\u2014of its 41 passengers; and 157 people who travelled on a boat from India were\ntransferred from the Australian mainland to an offshore processing center on Nauru, where they remain detained\n(as of August 2014) pending an Australian High Court decision on how to process them.\n\n- Across the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, the majority of passengers on boats were men, but many ships also\ncarried dozens of women and children often kept in separate quarters. Boat crews were generally armed and from\neither Myanmar or Thailand. Over 80 per cent of those interviewed by UNHCR spent between 7-15 days at sea,\nthough some individuals said they were at sea for one to two months, their boats idle while waiting to take on\nadditional passengers.\n\n- Conditions on board varied; some individuals said they were fed regularly with rice and noodles, while others said\nthey were not fed at all. Almost all individuals were confined in cramped spaces and prohibited from, or verbally\nand physically abused for, moving around.\n\n- Those who reported harsher conditions said they saw several people die, and in two cases, possibly over 20\npassengers who died. Deaths were attributed to illness, heat, lack of food and water, and severe beatings by the\ncrew. Some passengers reportedly jumped off boats in desperation, and others went missing when, in one example,\npassengers were forced to swim ashore upon reaching Thailand.\n\n- Extrapolating the number of deaths at sea reported by interviewees in Thailand, over 200 people may have died\nalong the route beginning at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border in 2014, at a similar rate to the some 800 people\nestimated to have died in the Mediterranean Sea in 2014. Anecdotally, deaths at sea in the Bay of Bengal and\nAndaman Sea appear to have declined over the last year as smugglers plying this route have chartered larger and\nmore seaworthy vessels.\n\n# ARRIVAL\n\n\n- Throughout the Asia-Pacific region, over 7,000 persons of concern to UNHCR who travelled by sea remain in\nimmigration detention facilities, including over 5,000 who are either in Australia or Australia\u2019s offshore processing\ncenters in Nauru and Papua New Guinea.\n\n- UNHCR is aware of isolated maritime movements from Malaysia to Singapore and Timor-Leste, and has intervened\nwith local authorities to ensure that persons of concern have access to asylum.\n\n### In Thailand\n\n\n- Upon arrival in Thailand, individuals interviewed by UNHCR said they were transported through the night in pickup\ntrucks with 15-20 others, forced to sit or lie atop one another. They were taken to camps located in or around hills,\njungles, and plantations, sequestered by wooden fences and under plastic sheeting. Camps were said to hold\nhundreds of people\u2014including women and children\u2014for various periods of time, with certain groups separated for\ndeparture to Malaysia depending on when and whether individuals were able to make payments to smugglers.\n\n- Many individuals had not been aware of any additional costs to be paid post-departure, while some understood that\nfurther payment would be required upon arrival in Thailand or Malaysia, either in cash or indentured labor.\nAdditional costs demanded by smugglers post-departure generally ranged from USD 1,500-2,200.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Irregular Maritime Movements \u2013 UNHCR Regional Office for South-East Asia\n\n\n- Demands for additional amounts were made in transit or after individuals arrived in Thailand by calling their\nrelatives in Malaysia, Myanmar, or Bangladesh, and were accompanied by threats or, when payment was not\nimmediate, severe beating and prolonged detention in a smugglers\u2019 camp for up to six months. Payments were\nmade either in hard currency, by bank transfer, or through mobile payment systems such as bKash.\n\n- A few interviewees paid the full amount in vain\u2014or were forced to pay twice\u2014when the journey went awry, either\nbecause their camp was raided after payment had been made, they were deported from and returned to Thailand\nonly to fall into the hands of another smuggler, or a smuggler appeared to have absconded with the payment\nwithout handing it over to his superior.\n\n- Several of those interviewed by UNHCR said that people had died in the camps where they were held, either from\nphysical injuries or illness. Some fell seriously ill themselves, losing sensation and mobility likely because they were\nsuffering from beriberi, which is caused by malnutrition and vitamin B1 deficiency. Three individuals were effectively\nparalyzed, which led to their being abandoned by smugglers when their camps were raided by Thai authorities.\n\n- The length of time spent in smugglers\u2019 camps by those caught in raids carried out by Thai authorities ranged from\nseveral days to up to seven months at the time they were caught.\n\n- As of 7 July 2014, some 233 persons identified by Thai authorities as Rohingya remained in Thai detention centers or\nshelters. In addition to distributing non-food items such as hygiene kits and basic clothing, UNHCR has been\nconducting counseling and information sessions at shelters to sensitize persons of concern to the risks smugglers\nmay expose them to, namely extortion, exploitation, and serious danger to personal safety.\n\n\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Irregular Maritime Movements \u2013 UNHCR Regional Office for South-East Asia\n\n\n### In Malaysia\n\n\n- UNHCR is aware of, and had access to, 230 individuals who arrived by boat in Malaysia in the first half of 2014.\n\n### In Indonesia\n\n\n- In the first half of 2014, 60 persons of concern who identified themselves as Rohingya registered with UNHCR (but\nmay have arrived in previous years) in Indonesia, an 88 per cent decrease from the 481 registered in the previous six\nmonths, and an 89 per cent decrease from the 565 registered in the first half of 2013. By contrast, the 1,617 asylumseekers from Afghanistan\u2014the most common country of origin\u2014who registered with UNHCR in Indonesia in the\nfirst half of 2014 was nearly identical to the 1,637 Afghans who registered in the first half of 2013.\n\n- As of 30 June 2014, the total number of Rohingya registered with UNHCR in Indonesia was 951, of whom 861 have\nbeen recognized as refugees. The vast majority are presumed to have arrived by boat from Malaysia. Of the 60\nRohingya individuals registered in the first half of 2014, 12 had previously been registered with UNHCR in Malaysia.\n\n# ONWARD MOVEMENT\n\n### To Malaysia\n\n\n- There are 38,000 persons of concern currently registered in Malaysia who identify themselves as Rohingya,\nincluding over 4,000 who registered, but not necessarily arrived, in 2014. Most are presumed to have departed from\nBangladesh or Myanmar by sea, disembarked in Thailand, and crossed overland into Malaysia, where they largely\nreside in the vicinities of Kuala Lumpur and Penang.\n\n- Since late 2013, UNHCR has seen an influx of Rohingya persons of concern in Malaysia with serious medical\nconditions\u2014apparently developed while at sea and in smugglers\u2019 camps in Thailand, before arriving in Malaysia\u2014\nwho were either referred to UNHCR by government hospitals, relatives, and community members, or dropped off\nby smugglers or locals at UNHCR premises in Kuala Lumpur.\n\n- Such persons of concern Maritime Departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar Border, Sep 2013 \u2013 Mar 2014 and\npresented with symptoms Persons of Concern Presenting with Beriberi Symptoms in Malaysia, Dec 2013 \u2013 Jun 2014\nthat included acute polyneuropathy, ascending para\nunassisted, pain, difficulty\n\n35\n\nbreathing, and confusion/\nmemory loss. Many were 8000\n\n30\n\ninitially misdiagnosed with\nGuillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, but\n\n25\n\nUNHCR medical personnel 6000\nlater determined, in\nconsultation with physicians\nwho treated the patients in 4000\n\n15\n\nhospital, that these persons\n\n\n10\n\nsuffering from beriberi, as a 2000\nresult of severe malnutrition\n\n5\n\nand vitamin B1 deficiency\nduring the course of their\njourney.\n\n\n\nMaritime Departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar Border, Sep 2013 \u2013 Mar 2014 and\nPersons of Concern Presenting with Beriberi Symptoms in Malaysia, Dec 2013 \u2013 Jun 2014\n\n\n\n10000\n\n\n\n40\n\n\n\n35\n\n\n\n8000\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n6000\n\n\n\n25\n\n\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n4000\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n2000\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nSep/Dec Nov/Feb Jan/Apr Mar/Jun\n2013 2014\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Irregular Maritime Movements", - "confidence": 0.6896266937255859, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Indonesia", - "confidence": 0.6391614675521851, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6140769720077515, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.587817907333374, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya", - "confidence": 0.7515966892242432, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Irregular Maritime Movements \u2013 UNHCR Regional Office for South-East Asia\n\n\n- In the first half of 2014, 144 persons of concern to UNHCR in Malaysia presented with symptoms of beriberi,\ncompared to a dozen during the period from August 2012 to November 2013. The influx closely tracked the rise and\nfall of estimated departures from the Bangladesh-Myanmar border three months earlier, and reached a peak of 37\nnew cases in February 2014.\n\n- Two individuals who presented with beriberi symptoms died, while admitted to hospital, within one week of\napproaching UNHCR. UNHCR has received unconfirmed reports of dozens of additional deaths in Malaysia from\npersons of concern, community leaders, and health care providers.\n\n# IRREGULAR MARITIME ROUTES AND INTERCEPTIONS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9af21aa-85ae-302c-a109-09a3a22e4018/UNHCR%20-%20Irregular%20maritime%20movements.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_681/raw/doc_681_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_681/raw/doc_681_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2dcef4eb0e24f1a67b5cd5fce05614a20d64feac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_681/raw/doc_681_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "In the first half of 2016, mixed maritime movements of refugees and migrants through South-East Asia were\nlimited to isolated attempts by several hundred people trying to reach Malaysia and Australia, fewer than\nduring the first six months of any year since 2011. By comparison, over 31,000 people were estimated to have\nattempted such movements in the first half of 2015.\n\n\nThere have now been no large-scale mixed maritime movements in South-East Asia since the events of May\n2015, when [over 5,000 refugees and migrants were abandoned by smugglers](http://tracks.unhcr.org/2015/08/abandoned-at-sea/) in the Bay of Bengal and\nAndaman Sea. Roughly 10 percent of those abandoned in May 2015 remain detained or in confined shelters,\nbut the vast majority are either residing in refugee communities or have returned home. Of the two-thirds\nwho were migrants, almost all have been repatriated. More than 600 of the refugees have been or are in the\nprocess of being resettled, including 47 particularly vulnerable individuals who departed for resettlement\ncountries in the first half of 2016.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR's Maritime Movement Monitors interview a refugee in the temporary shelter in Aceh, Indonesia, where she and her\nbrother lived after being rescued by Indonesian fishermen from a sinking smugglers' boat in May 2015. \u00a9 UNHCR/Tarmizy\nHarva\n\n\n\nAs the root causes of refugee flows out of Myanmar have not\nbeen resolved, the absence of maritime movements by refugees\nin 2016 is attributable to intensified interdiction efforts (particularly\nin Bangladesh and Thailand), greater awareness of the risks of the\njourney, and lack of legal status in traditional destination countries. At\nthe same time, the costs for viable air and land routes are prohibitive.\nLegal pathways remain scarce.\n\n\nThe few isolated attempts to depart by sea were said to involve small\ngroups of around a dozen people either organizing their own vessels\nor essentially stowing away for a fee on boats carrying ordinary cargo,\nsuch as timber. Although a small number of smugglers were alleged\nto be preparing boats with capacities for several hundred passengers,\ndeparture costs are believed to have increased significantly. The\namount previously charged per adult\u2014only a small proportion of\nwhich was required up front\u2014has risen as smugglers pass on the\nhigher costs now required to circumvent authorities and demand\nfull payment, or a guarantor who can provide full payment, prior to\ndeparture.\n\n\nMeanwhile, lack of legal status in Malaysia\u2014where between 7,000\nand 9,000 Rohingya are detained annually\u2014has made it difficult for\nrefugees there to sustain livelihoods. In past years, a young man\nleaving Bangladesh or Myanmar by boat could effectively embark\n\n\n###### **_Maritime_** **_movements_** **_have declined_** **_due to_** **_intensified_** **_interdiction_** **_efforts, greater_** **_awareness_** **_of the risks,_** **_and lack of_** **_legal status_** **_in destination_** **_countries_**\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with little or no upfront payment, find steady enough work in Malaysia\nto pay off his debt to smugglers within a year, then begin sending\nremittances home. Now, his family must arrange the funds predeparture, entering a cycle of debt and interest they can no longer\npay off because they lack any steady source of income. Many\nRohingya families in both Bangladesh and Myanmar have said that\nremittances from relatives in Malaysia or Saudi Arabia comprised the\nmajority of their income.\n\n\nOverland, hundreds of Rohingya are believed to have crossed by\nfoot, bus, and train from Myanmar and Bangladesh to India in 2016,\nand UNHCR continues to register new Rohingya arrivals in India.\nThe rate of registration in India, however, has remained steady since\nthe beginning of 2015\u2014before maritime routes through the Bay of\nBengal dissipated\u2014suggesting that recent overland movements\nare a continuation of previous movements along the same overland\nroute, rather than a new alternative to maritime movements. A limited\nnumber of Rohingya, possibly in the hundreds, have also reportedly\nfound means to fly to Malaysia for between USD 4,500 and USD 6,600\nor to Saudi Arabia for up to USD 8,300.\n\n\n###### **_Between 7,000_** **_and 9,000_** **_Rohingya_** **_are detained_** **_annually in_** **_Malaysia_**\n\n\n\nA Rohingya refugee stands in front of her temporary shelter after being rescued by Indonesian fishermen from a sinking\nsmugglers' boat in May 2015. At least a dozen passengers from the boat drowned or were killed during a vicious fight for\ndrinking water. \u00a9 UNHCR/Tarmizy Harva\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "One evening in May 2016, Bibi and Aishah clutched\neach other\u2019s hands anxiously as they waited to be\nscreened by a medical officer at the UNHCR office in\nKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.\n\n\nThe two 19-year old Rohingya women from Myanmar\nwere part of a group of 36 extremely vulnerable\nRohingya refugees who had been released that\nafternoon from the Belantik Immigration Detention\nCentre in the northern state of Kedah. They had\nbeen brought to UNHCR's office for a quick medical\ncheckup before departing for the airport, where\nthey would be resettled to the United States under\nUNHCR\u2019s resettlement programme.\n\n\nThe entire group of 36 had arrived in Malaysia in May\n2015, among thousands of trafficked and smuggled\nindividuals from Bangladesh and Myanmar who\nwere abandoned by people smugglers in the Bay\nof Bengal and Andaman Sea. Of those who landed\nin Malaysia, 371 were identified as Rohingya from\nMyanmar and of concern to UNHCR. They were held\nin Belantik for over a year while UNHCR advocated\nfor their release. Other than the 36 resettled to the\n\n\n\nU.S., 316 others were released from detention in July\n2016 and have taken shelter in refugee communities\nwhere UNHCR continues to monitor their protection\nneeds.\n\n\nFor a fortunate few\u2014resettlement is available to\nless than one percent of the world\u2019s refugees\u2014their\njourney will now take them to a new country where\nthey can begin rebuilding their lives. Best friends\nBibi and Aishah have started to make plans for their\nnew life together in the U.S. Both alone and without\nfamily, they will now become each other\u2019s family.\n\n\nThe two women had met on the smuggler\u2019s\nboat en route to Malaysia, keeping each other\nstrong throughout the harrowing journey, their\nabandonment at sea, and a year in detention.\n\n\n\"We were together in the boat. We came together to\nMalaysia. We spent one year in detention together,\"\nsaid Bibi. \"I am so glad we are going together to the\nU.S. I am so glad that I can finally live a free life.\"\n\n\n- Yante Ismail, UNHCR Malaysia\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "On 23 March 2016, ministers of the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related\nTransnational Crime, a 45-government body that includes all the countries affected by mixed maritime\nmovements in South-East Asia, declared that mixed maritime movements should be addressed through:\n\n\n- Identification of those with protection needs;\n\n\n\n\n- Predictable disembarkation options;\n\n\n- Accurate data on the whereabouts of migrants and vessels stranded\nat sea;\n\n\n- Capacity building in search and rescue operations;\n\n\n- Temporary protection and local stay arrangements;\n\n\n- Access by UNHCR and IOM;\n\n\n- Alternatives to detention; and\n\n\n- Safe, legal and affordable migration pathways.\n\n\nThe [Bali Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafcking in Persons and Related](http://www.baliprocess.net/UserFiles/baliprocess/File/Bali%20Declaration%20on%20People%20Smuggling%20Trafficking%20in%20Persons%20and%20Related%20Transnational%20Crime%202016.pdf)\n[Transnational Crime echoed 17 proposals and recommendations put forward](http://www.baliprocess.net/UserFiles/baliprocess/File/Bali%20Declaration%20on%20People%20Smuggling%20Trafficking%20in%20Persons%20and%20Related%20Transnational%20Crime%202016.pdf)\nby many of the same governments at the [Bangkok Special Meeting on Irregular](http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/media-center/14/56880-Summary-Special-Meeting-on-Irregular-Migration-in.html)\n[Migration in the Indian Ocean on 29 May 2015. Together, the Bangkok and Bali](http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/media-center/14/56880-Summary-Special-Meeting-on-Irregular-Migration-in.html)\ninstruments provide the foundation for the coordinated regional action required\nto manage and protect refugees and migrants at sea.\n\n\n###### **_The Bali_** **_Declaration_** **_provides the_** **_foundation_** **_for the_** **_coordinated_** **_regional action_** **_required_** **_to manage_** **_and protect_** **_refugees and_** **_migrants at_** **_sea_**\n\n\n\nA fishing trawler sails through the Andaman Sea near where boats carrying thousands of refugees and migrants were\nabandoned by smugglers in May 2015. \u00a9 UNHCR/Keane Shum\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In October 2016, the Bali Process will also undertake a review of the events of May 2015 in the Bay of Bengal\nand Andaman Sea to develop options for preparing for and responding to similar movements of refugees and\nmigrants in the future. Under the auspices of the Regional Support Office (RSO) of the Bali Process, UNHCR\nis assisting the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in developing a related training curriculum on\nComprehensive Approaches for Addressing Irregular Movements by Sea.\n\n\nWith large-scale mixed maritime movements unlikely to resurface in South-East Asia until 2017 at the earliest,\nthe second half of 2016 presents an opportunity for countries in the region to implement the recommendations\nthey made in Bangkok and Bali without being constrained by the exigencies of any ongoing crises. For one\npossible blueprint for action, UNHCR, IOM, and the United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have\njointly developed an implementation plan for immediate responses at five key stages when refugees and\nmigrants are in distress at sea:\n\n###### **1. Preparation:**\n\n\n**Harmonize response across region through the Joint Task**\n**Force recommended by the Association of Southeast Asian**\n**Nations (ASEAN) and/or a Regional Rescue Coordination**\n**Centre.**\n\n\n###### **2. Determining if and where refugees** **and migrants are in distress:**\n\n**Home communities may inform agencies, including UNHCR,**\n**which can use satellite imagery to survey likely areas of**\n**location identified by cellular data.**\n\n###### **3. Once refugees and migrants are** **located:**\n\n\n**Mass rescue operation triggered and equipped with vital**\n**supplies of food, water, and medicine typically needed to treat**\n**malnourished and ill survivors, such as vitamin B\u2081.**\n\n###### **4. Rescue operation underway:**\n\n\n**Staging at safe disembarkation sites that are pre-identified so**\n**that resources can be prepared in advance and costs shared**\n**equally across the region, possibly through the ASEAN Trust**\n**Fund established in July 2015.**\n\n###### **5. Disembarkation to place of safety:**\n\n\n**Mobile, multidisciplinary reception teams are deployed to**\n**assess protection, medical, and psychosocial needs, as many**\n**survivors may be refugees, in poor health, and victims of**\n**trafficking or sexual and gender-based violence.**\n\n\n###### **_The second_** **_half of 2016_** **_and early 2017_** **_present an_** **_opportunity_** **_for countries_** **_in the region_** **_to implement_** **_the proposals_** **_they made in_** **_Bangkok and_** **_Bali_**\n\n\n\nThis implementation plan has been presented to a range of stakeholders at various fora, including to public\nand private sector search and rescue practitioners at the International Search and Rescue Conference in\nKuala Lumpur from 19-21 July 2016 and naval and coast guard officials at the Maritime Security and Migrant\nProtection in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea workshop in Jakarta from 26-27 July 2016.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cellular data", - "confidence": 0.879801869392395, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7496863603591919, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based on over 1,000 interviews with persons of concern to UNHCR who have travelled by sea, UNHCR developed\nmaterial for potential travelers describing the dangers of undertaking maritime journeys across the Bay of Bengal\nand Andaman Sea. The \u201cKnow Before You Go\u201d information campaign was launched in refugee camps in Bangladesh\nin February 2016, when UNHCR distributed hardcopy pamphlets in both Myanmar and Bengali languages and\nelectronic versions that can be shared via social media, and also broadcast a video of a stage performance by a\nlocal theatre troupe reenacting the journey to highlight the many serious risks it presents.\n\n\n\nMixed movements are by their nature clandestine, making\nthe data on such movements difficult to independently\nverify. The information in this report is compiled from various\nsources, including governments, implementing partners,\nmedia reports, and direct interviews with persons of concern\nto UNHCR who have taken part in mixed movements through\nSouth-East Asia.\n\n## **unhcr.org**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Contacts**\nKeane Shum, Assiciate Protection Officer, shum@unhcr.org\nVivian Tan, Senior Regional Public Information Officer, tanv@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a9f36ef-81f9-332c-8949-db21c6147e30/UNHCR%20-%20Mixed%20Movements%20Update%20for%20South-East%20Asia%20-%20Jan-Jun%202016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_682/raw/doc_682_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_682/raw/doc_682_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f06c90b11ea64bad508f57974b651918d71f948f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_682/raw/doc_682_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **West and Central Africa Floods**\n### **Critical Needs for Displaced and Host Communities** **Affected by Flooding**\n\n###### **October 2024 - March 2025**\n\n_UNHCR\u2019s delivers core relief items from the first humanitarian airlift to assist those affected by the recent flooding in Goz-Amir_\n_refugee settlement. \u00a9 UNHCR/ Eugene Sibomana_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "West and Central Africa Floods\n\n## **KEY FIGURES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is urgently\nappealing for $10.6 million1 to address the\nimmediate and medium-term impacts of climateinduced flooding on forcibly displaced populations\nand their host communities. This funding is critical\nto provide life-saving support, including protection,\nshelter, non-food items (NFIs), and to strengthen\npreparedness activities between October 2024\n#### **SITUATION UPDATE**\n\nSince the onset of the rainy season, climateinduced torrential rains and severe flooding have\nwreaked havoc on over 5.13 million people across\nfive countries in West and Central Africa\u2014an\nalarming 485 per cent increase from the previous\nyear. The hardest-hit nations are Chad (1.9 million\naffected), Niger (1.4 million), Nigeria (1.2 million),\nCameroon (365,000) and Mali (260,000). All host\na large number of refugees and IDPs, who are\nparticularly vulnerable to these climate shocks.\n\n\nThis climate crisis has not only exacerbated\nexisting vulnerabilities but has also triggered new\nwaves of displacement in regions already hosting\npopulations uprooted by conflict and insecurity. An\nestimated 330,000 forcibly displaced individuals\nhave been directly affected, particularly in floodprone areas such as Maradi in Niger, Borno State\nin Nigeria, the Far North of Cameroon, Gao and\nSegou in Mali, and various regions of Chad. The\nintersection of these crises underscores the\nurgent need for enhanced climate resilience and\nhumanitarian responses to safeguard the most atrisk populations.\n\n\nIn addition, the devastating impacts of flooding\nare poised to extend well beyond this year\u2019s rainy\nseason, compounding the hardships already faced\n\n\n\nand March 2025. In alignment with governmentled response plans, UNHCR\u2019s interventions will be\ncoordinated under the Refugee Coordination Model\nand integrated into the Cluster System for internally\ndisplaced people (IDPs), ensuring a comprehensive\napproach to both immediate relief and long-term\nresilience.\n\n\nby vulnerable communities. These nations have\nseen unprecedented levels of displacement due to\nongoing insecurity. Since 2023, displacement has\nsurged by 17 per cent in Niger. Chad is now home\nto the second-largest Sudanese refugee population\nsince conflict erupted in Sudan in April 2023,\nraising the total number of refugees to nearly 1.2\nmillion. Across West and Central Africa, 14 million\npeople have been displaced\u2014double the number\nreported in 2019.\n\n\nGiven the vast number of people affected, their\ngrowing humanitarian needs, and worsening\nweather forecasts predicting more extreme\nrainfall, UNHCR declared a Level 1 emergency\nin September 2024 for Cameroon, Chad, Niger,\nNigeria, and Mali. This emergency declaration will\nremain in effect for six months, until March 2025.\n\n\nDespite efforts to reprioritize resources internally,\nsignificant funding gaps persist. An estimated $10\nmillion is urgently required to meet the immediate\nneeds of the most affected populations and\nenhance flood preparedness across these five\ncountries. Without additional support, critical needs\nin shelter, protection, and preparedness for forcibly\ndisplaced people and their host communities risk\ngoing unmet, leaving them even more vulnerable.\n\n\n\n_1 Requirements have been identified within approved budgets of country operations._\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CAMEROON**\n\nIn October 2024, torrential rains in the Far North\nregion, particularly in Diamar\u00e9, Logone-and-Chari,\nMayo-Danay, and Mayo-Tsanaga, destroyed\nover 56,000 homes, flooded tens of thousands\nof hectares of crops, and displaced livestock,\naffecting 356,730 people, including 21,115 refugees.\nHumanitarian access is severely restricted, with\nblocked roads and submerged grazing lands\n\n\n**PLANNED RESPONSE**\n\n\n\nWest and Central Africa Floods\n\n\nincreasing the risk of waterborne diseases,\nincluding cholera, present further challenges to\nthe humanitarian response. UNHCR has mobilized\navailable resources to support affected populations\nthrough a multisectoral response, prioritizing\nprotection, shelter, and cash assistance for\nrefugees and host communities both inside and\noutside the Minawao camp.\n\n\n\nCameroon\u2019s planned response includes the provision of 1,500 shelters (60 per cent via cash\nassistance and 40 per cent in-kind) in the Mayo-Danay and Logone-and-Chari regions hosting\nrefugees, IDPs and host communities. UNHCR will ensure that the structures are resilient to climaterelated shocks.\n\n\nAdditionally, 2,500 households of 15,000 individuals approximately will receive NFI kits in these areas\nto support their lives in displacement and upon return, with a focus on sustainable and environmentally\nfriendly materials. This initiative aims to restore the dignity and protection of these vulnerable groups.\nUNHCR protection efforts will include implementing activities focused on preventing and responding\nto gender-based violence (GBV) and providing cash assistance to 4,000 extremely vulnerable\nindividuals with specific needs.\n\n\n_Refugees use plastic sheets to shelter from the rain at a spontaneous site for new arrivals from Sudan in Adre, eastern Chad. \u00a9_\n_UNHCR/Faouzia Haidara_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "West and Central Africa Floods\n\n#### **CHAD**\n\nSince late July 2024, catastrophic floods\nhave ravaged Chad\u2019s 23 provinces, impacting\napproximately 1.9 million people, causing 341\ndeaths, and destroying over 218,000 houses\nand more than 260,000 hectares of farmland.\nThe government activated its contingency plan\non 6 August 2024 in response to this escalating\ncrisis. The floods have severely affected 15,200\nhouseholds, including 2,000 in the Lake region\n(home to Nigerian refugees and IDPs), 5,000 in the\n\n\n**PLANNED RESPONSE**\n\n\n\nsouth (Central African refugees), and 8,200 in the\neast (Sudanese refugees). This disaster comes on\ntop of an already dire humanitarian situation, with\nChad hosting more than 680,000 refugees from\nSudan, some 230,000 of whom are still awaiting\nrelocation. The climate-driven floods exacerbate\nexisting vulnerabilities, highlighting the urgent\nneed for increased humanitarian assistance. Critical\nneeds include food, shelter, and water, sanitation,\nand hygiene (WASH), as well as healthcare services.\n\n\n\n\u2666 **In the East:**\nTo support families whose homes were damaged or destroyed by the floods, UNHCR plans to\nconstruct or rehabilitate shelters for 1,600 refugee households in existing and new refugee settlements\nacross Sila, Ouaddai, Wadi Fira, and Enedi.\n\n\n\u2666 **In the Lac Province:**\nUNHCR will respond to the most pressing needs for shelter, water and hygiene for those affected\nby the floods. To ensure a more sustainable response, UNHCR will construct 100 durable shelters\nfor families in need, in addition to 100 transitional shelters. More than 400 households will also\nreceive cash assistance to replace essential items that were lost in the floods. To support affected\ncommunities and prevent the outbreak of disease, UNHCR will replace destroyed or damaged water\nand sanitation infrastructure, and rebuild latrines and hand washing stations at community, school\nand health centre levels. At the individual level, to support the hygiene needs of women impacted\nby the disaster, UNHCR will distribute dignity kits for 200 women, and will distribute special water\nand sanitation kits to mothers of children receiving treatment for malnutrition to provide additional\nprotection from water-borne illnesses.\n\n\n\u2666 **In the South:**\nTo respond to the most critical needs of people most impacted by the flooding, UNHCR will build or\nrehabilitate shelters and distribute NFIs to 296 households, and will build or rehabilitate 170 latrines in\nrefugee sites to replace those damaged or destroyed by the flooding. UNHCR will also disinfect and\nrehabilitate wells that have contaminated by the flood water and install submersible pumps to ensure\nreliable access to clean drinking water. Community-based protection efforts will also be expanded.\n\n\n\u2666 **In the Lac, Mandoul, and Mayo Kebi Est Provinces:**\nUNHCR\u2019s intervention in these areas will focus on protection monitoring for more than 87,000 IDPs\nin flood-affected sites, as well as tracking population returns to guide humanitarian planning and\nadvocacy. UNHCR will also support site management in 56 locations through relocation, multi-sectoral\nneeds assessments, coordination of assistance with partners, and capacity building of community\nstructures. Additionally, UNHCR will distribute 930 NFI kits, provide 4,740 households with cashbased assistance to purchase NFIs, support 1,740 households with cash for shelter repairs, and deliver\nmultipurpose cash assistance to more than 1,600 flood-affected households for three months.\n\n\n\u2666 **In N\u2019Djamena:**\nUNHCR will conduct preparedness activities in the form of shelter materials, construction tools, and\ncash assistance to support the well-being of populations at high risk of being impacted by flooding.\nThese activities will benefit more than 14,500 individuals in flood-prone areas of N\u2019Djamena to ensure\nthese families are more resilient and better-equipped to endure the rainy season.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **MALI**\n\nOn 23 August 2024, Mali declared a national\ndisaster following unprecedented torrential\nrains that caused severe flooding, exacerbated\nby climate change. By September, the floods\nhad resulted in 55 deaths, 112 injuries, and the\ndisplacement of 73,778 individuals, of whom\n72 per cent are women and children. In Gao,\n3,148 households were affected, including 1,990\n\n\n**PLANNED RESPONSE**\n\n\n\nWest and Central Africa Floods\n\n\ndisplaced households, while in Mopti, six IDP\nsites were submerged, impacting 273 households\nand nearly 2,000 IDPs. UNHCR is supporting the\nnational response by assisting with water drainage\nand providing essential relief items such as\nRefugee Housing Units (RHUs), NFI kits, tarpaulins,\nblankets, and mosquito nets.\n\n\n\nIn Mali, UNHCR will construct 750 transitional and climate-resilient shelters to support those affected\nby heavy damages in Mopti, S\u00e9gou, Bandiagara and Gao, focusing on IDPs, refugees, and host\ncommunities.\n\n\nUNHCR also plans to build the capacity of 7,500 people in safer shelter reconstruction by providing\nshelter materials and collaborating with civil protection departments.\n\n\nAdditionally, 1,500 households (around 7,500 people) will receive NFI kits, either in-kind or through\ncash assistance. UNHCR will also engage in site planning and risk mitigation for flood-prone areas in\nGao and Mopti and provide support to 10,000 people affected by damages in Mopti, Bandiagara and\nGao.\n\n#### **NIGER**\n\n\n\nAs of 7 October 2024, Nigerien authorities reported\nthat the floods had affected a total of 1.4 million\nindividuals, resulting in 388 fatalities. The disaster\nhas caused significant damage to infrastructure,\nfood supplies, and livestock, critically jeopardizing\nlivelihoods. More than 147,000 homes and 5,600\ntraditional huts have been destroyed, alongside\nlosses of 24,955 livestock. Education is disrupted,\nwith 207 classrooms and 3,787 granaries either\n\n\n**PLANNED RESPONSE**\n\n\n\ndestroyed or turned into shelters for displaced\nindividuals. The economic impact is severe, with\nan estimated loss of 26,000 tons of food supplies.\nFloods have directly affected nearly 9,500 refugees\nand asylum-seekers, creating urgent needs for\nfood, healthcare, and shelter. The effects could\nextend to an additional 10,000 refugees and\nasylum-seekers, increasing their vulnerability to\ndisease and economic hardship.\n\n\n\nAs part of the flood response, UNHCR plans to conduct community consultations and assess\nimmediate protection needs in the Tillaberi and Diffa regions.\n\n\nThe response will focus on identifying the most vulnerable groups and providing tailored assistance,\nwhich may include cash or in-kind support, to meet the specific needs of displaced populations.\nEvacuation and safety measures will be implemented for affected individuals, while community\nprotection mechanisms will be strengthened by revitalizing protection, shelter, and infrastructure\ncommittees.\n\n\nAdditionally, UNHCR will procure and distribute shelter and NFI kits to affected households, including\nIDPs, refugees, and host communities.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "West and Central Africa Floods\n\n#### **NIGERIA**\n\nThe humanitarian situation in Nigeria is dire, with\nfloods affecting 33 of 36 States, impacting nearly\n1.2 million individuals and displacing over 731,691,\npeople. Maiduguri, the epicentre of the crisis,\nhas seen over 400,000 displaced since the Alau\nDam collapsed on September 9, exacerbating the\nvulnerabilities of those already affected by past\nconflicts. The Nigerian government has postponed\nthe academic year from October 2 to October 28,\nas schools are being used as temporary shelters for\nthe displaced. Ongoing severe rainfall, combined\nwith the opening of the Lagdo Dam in Cameroon,\nraises the risk of further flooding, with confirmed\n\n\n**PLANNED RESPONSE**\n\n\n\ncholera cases in Maiduguri. Additionally, refugees\nfrom Cameroon and Nigerian returnees from Niger\nare arriving, while the economy remains fragile\nwith a weak Naira (NGN) and high gas prices. In\nresponse to floods in Maiduguri, UNHCR provided\nrelief items to 40,706 affected individuals (4,707\nhouseholds), including blankets, sleeping mats,\nand mosquito nets. Similar distributions occurred\nin Yobe State, with plans for Adamawa, Bauchi,\nand Gombe States. Additionally, UNHCR gave\nNGN 100,000 to 1,454 households with partially\ndamaged homes in Gwange 1, Maiduguri.\n\n\n\nIn Nigeria, UNHCR will provide multipurpose cash assistance to 10,000 IDP households affected by the\nfloods in Borno State, covering both return and displacement areas.\n\n\nAlongside this, CRIs will be distributed to the same 10,000 households. Additionally, UNHCR will\nconduct protection monitoring, focusing on collecting and analyzing information on the protection\nenvironment and the risks faced by individuals and communities. Some 10,000 individuals will also be\nsupported in obtaining documents that were lost in the floods. This protection response will span an\ninitial period of three months across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe States, addressing risks and ensuring\nappropriate mitigation actions.\n\n#### **COORDINATION**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has maintained a decades-long\npresence in the region and has been supporting\ngovernments in coordinating refugee responses,\nas well as assisting IDPs through the UN Cluster\nSystem. In Cameroon, UNHCR leads the refugee\nand IDP response coordination as well as the\nprotection and shelter clusters, ensuring a\nmultistakeholder approach to immediate protection\n\n\n\nand long-term solutions. In Nigeria, UNHCR leads\nthe refugee response coordination as well as\nprotection and co-leads the shelter/NFI clusters.\nIn the Lac region of Chad and Mali, UNHCR leads\nthe refugee response coordination as well as\nthe protection and shelter/NFI clusters. In Niger,\nUNHCR leads the refugee response coordination\nas well as the protection cluster.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection response", - "confidence": 0.5566163659095764, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5940467119216919, - "start": 399, - "end": 400 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS**\n\n\n\nWest and Central Africa Floods\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Country|Sectors|# of people targeted for
immediate response|Amount requested
in $ million|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Cameroon|Protection
Shelter/NFIs|
19,000|
**1.5**|\n|Chad|Shelter/NFIs
WASH
Protection services
Preparedness activities|114,000|**4.6**|\n|Mali|Shelter/NFIs
Settlement|20,000|**1.5**|\n|Niger|Protection
Shelter/NFIs|15,000|**1.5**|\n|Nigeria|Cash Assistance
NFIs
Documentation
Protection
Risk mitigation and response|60,000|**1.5**|\n|**Total**||**228,000**|**10.6**|\n\n##### **The importance of flexible funding**\n\n\n\nFlexible funding support helps UNHCR to kick-start\nan emergency response, bolster forgotten or underresourced crises, and implement programmes\nto their full extent. Flexible funds enable UNHCR\nto plan and manage its resources efficiently and\n\n\n\neffectively, contributing to the collective success in\nevery life that is transformed and saved. UNHCR is\ngrateful to donors who have provided unearmarked\nand softly earmarked contributions.\n\n\n##### **UNHCR\u2019s Climate Resilience Fund**\n\nThese floods underscore critical gaps in preparedness and early action. Without adequate support to\nprepare for, withstand, and recover from climate-related shocks, these communities face heightened\nrisks of further displacement and devastation. Improving climate adaptation and resilience for those\nforcibly displaced is crucial to reach those most in need is crucial to averting worst-case scenarios.\n\n\nTherefore, UNHCR is adopting a dual approach to addressing climate change: immediate response\nand climate action.\n\n\nIn addition to addressing urgent climate disaster response needs outlined in this document, UNHCR\u2019s\nnewly launched [Climate Resilience Fund](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freporting.unhcr.org%2Fspotlight%2Fclimate-action%2Funhcr-climate-resilience-fund-0&data=05%7C02%7Cnuri%40unhcr.org%7Ce8724282ad7441db93c908dc963051da%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638550381492296518%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ikvFYAstXR2eAbg2nbdkhmNt3qxpepdlOrwWeYW0w5k%3D&reserved=0) is dedicated to enhancing adaptation and resilience among\nforcibly displaced people and their hosts, so that they are better prepared to withstand climate shocks,\nthereby minimizing lives lost and destruction.\n\n\nThis includes initiatives like environmental restoration, improving access to renewable energy and\nsustainable water systems, climate-smart agriculture, and small scale instrustructure, and community\npreparedness efforts to mitigate the impact of climate hazards before they escalate into disasters.\nUNHCR aims to raise $100 million by the end of 2025 for these vital activities.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81ac8e0-79f5-4054-8bb0-3d27f171ef67/UNHCR%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20Floods_Critical%20Needs.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_683/raw/doc_683_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_683/raw/doc_683_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9864a5b60fc45e031af0ad4e68c1c8df848f1c64..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_683/raw/doc_683_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,233 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nWith the end of major hostilities in Afghanistan after 20 years and the consolidation of\ncontrol by the de facto authorities in August 2021, conflict is no longer the primary driver of\ndisplacement. However, 3.25 million Afghans remain displaced within the country and over\n5.53 million are registered refugees or Afghans in refugee-like situations in the region. The\nde facto authorities are reported to have committed serious human rights violations in\nAfghanistan, including extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and other\nforms of ill-treatment. Restrictions on the rights of Afghans to freedom of opinion, freedom\nof speech, and freedom of assembly were imposed and there is growing curtailment by the\nde facto authorities of the human rights of Afghan women and girls. In addition, the Afghan\npeople are confronted with drastic rises in poverty, hunger and malnutrition, a near collapse\nof the national public health system as well as climate and natural disasters.\n\n\nThe needs in Afghanistan are vast. The humanitarian country team expected 29.2 million\npeople \u2013 two thirds of Afghanistan\u2019s population \u2013 to need urgent humanitarian assistance\nin 2023. This estimate was made before the severe earthquakes that struck the province\nof Herat on October 7, 11, and 15, directly impacting 48,000 households, completely\ndestroying some 10,000 homes and severely damaging 20,430 more. About 157,000\npeople are requiring urgent humanitarian assistance in this context alone, in particular with\nwinter coming.\n\n\nIn addition, the Government of Pakistan is implementing its plans to deport an estimated\n1.7 million foreigners, most of them Afghans. Significant deportations and population\nmovements from Pakistan to Afghanistan have begun, leading to a total of over 420,000\nreturns by the end of November 2023.\n\n\nDespite their own needs, it is the Afghan communities that are welcoming returnees.\nSupporting them directly is imperative in view of the high numbers of returns. Without robust\naid by the international community, local communities may become overburdened,\nresulting in further poverty, protection risks and displacement.\n\n\nLinking the current emergency responses up with a forward-looking strategy is key.\nHumanitarian assistance alone is not sufficient to sustainably address the deep protection,\nhumanitarian and basic human needs crisis that resulted from the effects of decades of\nconflict, the takeover of the de fact authorities in August 2021 and recurrent natural\ndisasters.\n\n\nThe international community has recognised this and agreed, as specified in UN Security\nCouncil Resolutions 2615 (2021) and 2664 (2022), to continue to assist the Afghan people\nnot only in addressing immediate humanitarian needs but also in meeting basic human\nneeds through the sustained provision of essential services and livelihoods, thereby\nreducing the need for life-saving humanitarian support over time.\n\n\nFinding durable solutions for forcibly displaced people, including returnees, is core to the\nmandate UNHCR was given by the UN General Assembly. It is with this in mind, that\nUNHCR has established the Priority Areas of Return and Reintegration (PARRs)\nprogramme in Afghanistan. The operation is furthering its work on the PARRs approach\nwith a view to ensure close coordination and linking up the current emergency response\nand these sustainable programmes - to empower communities directly and allowing them\nto continue to receive returnees by improving their access to essential services and\nprotecting and promoting livelihoods.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Key Figures\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Front page and above: Across 15 most heavily earthquake-affected villages in Barmal District, Paktika Province,_\n_and Spera District, Khost Province, UNHCR is providing 1,300 earthquake-resilient houses for families most_\n_affected by the 22 June 2022 earthquake. \u00a9 UNHCR/Oxygen Empire Media Production._\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection risks\n\n###### Protection Risk I\n\n**Systematic discrimination of women and girls in the context of ongoing**\n**humanitarian crises.** Multiple studies conclude that Afghanistan is the worst place in the\nworld to be a woman or girl, with the situation further deteriorating since the takeover by\nthe de facto authorities. Since August 2021, deep cutting measures were imposed in a\ndevastating blow to the human rights of women and girls in the country. Specifically, women\nand girls have been banned from public areas, ordered to travel only with a mahram\n(chaperone) beyond a certain distance, banned from working with NGOs and the UN and\nexcluded from education past primary school. The ban on girls\u2019 education beyond grade 6\nand the ban on women attending secondary schooling and university is devastating for the\nindividuals, but also the future of Afghanistan. Furthermore, the lack of land and property\nrights for women constitutes a major cause of gender-based inequality, particularly given\nthat land is often a household\u2019s most important asset.\n\n\nThese measures, that have also deprived many women of income earning opportunities,\nhave significantly increased protection risks for displaced women and girls. They had a\nsevere psychosocial impact, with an uptick in suicide rates in Afghanistan. As men and\nboys are more likely to flee to neighbouring countries, women remain in forced internal\ndisplacement for longer, especially those that are forced to flee their homes with children\nbut no partner. Nine out of ten women who fled without a partner have no formal education,\nwhich limits their resilience. Advocacy for and consistent investment in education and\nlivelihoods is therefore paramount for the future of girls and women in Afghanistan.\n\n\nDisplaced and returning Afghan women and girls are facing increased risks of genderbased violence (GBV), with women heads of households, women and girls with disabilities,\nand LGBTIQ+ persons considered to be amongst those at highest risk. There are reports\nof beatings and detention of women protesters, the targeting of women\u2019s rights activists,\nfemale judges and police offices, as well as harassment and physical violence against\nwomen and girls at checkpoints. These violations are occurring in the context of longstanding gender inequalities in Afghanistan, with high rates of intimate partner violence and\nof early and forced marriage.\n\n\nBans on women working with NGOs and UN organisations have significantly reduced\naccess to displaced women and girls and impacted the ability to provide assistance and\nservices for women and girls (including the provision of safe spaces and lifesaving GBV\nservices). With less female aid workers on the ground, the ability to ensure safe disclosure\nof GBV cases, including cases of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), is reduced, as well\nas the ability to capture the views and needs of women in humanitarian assessments, and\nto support local women-led organisations. While recent exemptions in relation to ongoing\nemergency situations have brought some respite in this regard, for example allowing\nwomen UN and NGO staff to receive Afghan women at the border or directly engaging with\nthem in the response to the earthquakes in Herat, the overall policies remain in place.\nFemale aid workers who have resumed work have also reported the need to be\naccompanied by a mahram and to wear specific clothing, as well as instances of\nintimidation and harassment.\n\n\nThe empowerment of women is the cross-cutting theme in all interventions in Afghanistan.\nThis is done by recognizing the unique challenges faced by women through an age, gender\nand diversity (AGD) approach, ensuring a principled, human rights-based response. The\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "design and delivery of programming by women and for women and the prioritization of\nwomen in beneficiary selection, financial inclusion, technical and vocational education and\ntraining is informed by the accountability to affected people (AAP) framework.\n\n###### Protection Risk II\n\n\n**Protection risks stemming from ongoing humanitarian crises.** While there are signs\nthat the economy is stabilising and a perception of improved security in Afghanistan,\neconomic hardship and limited livelihood opportunities remain a core issue, with reliance\non humanitarian support continuing to raise.\n\n\nAfghanistan has experienced one of the worst droughts in decades, lasting three\nconsecutive years. As a result, high levels of acute food insecurity are observed in rural\nand urban areas and there is a need for urgent lifesaving support and livelihood assistance\nto help households recover and prevent catastrophic levels. In 2023, 875,000 children are\nexpected to suffer from severe acute malnutrition and 2.3 million children and 840,000\nwomen from moderate acute malnutrition.\n\n\nThese factors, which may vary across provinces, combined with policies and practices\nintroduced by the de facto authorities, such as restricting freedom of movement and\nopportunity for livelihoods by women, persistent social and cultural challenges compound\nprotection risks and limit reintegration prospects and durable solutions for refugees, IDPs\nand refugee returnees. As a result, displaced populations are often exposed the most to\nthe impacts of a humanitarian crisis resulting in harmful coping mechanisms such as\ndelaying seeking medical treatment, child labour, early and forced marriage, exploitative\nlabour, debt, or secondary displacement to survive. Among IDPs, women and girls, older\npeople, and persons with disabilities are subject to higher protection risks as their specific\nneeds are not being met and their voices not heard, thus resulting in their vulnerability\nbecoming entrenched.\n\n\nAnalysis undertaken through the 2022 Multi-sectorial Rapid Assessment shows higher\nvulnerability for female Heads of Households, with 76 per cent indicating one or more\nvulnerability factors, as opposed to 39 percent for Male Heads of Household. Preliminary\nresults show a similar picture for 2023. In UNHCR\u2019s discussions with communities,\nhouseholds and individuals, including women and girls in 34 provinces in Afghanistan, the\nmost common protection concerns raised were related to risk of sexual harassment for girls\nand hazardous and dangerous forms of work for boys. Additionally, community members\nface challenges to access existing services in their communities, mainly due to their inability\nto pay for the services and lack of civil documentation.\n\n\nConsidering the foregoing, Afghan returnees, IDPs and refugees as well as the\ncommunities that generously host them need access to essential services to sustain an\nenabling protection environment where people can make their own choices and provide for\ntheir families, but also to preserve their dignity and livelihoods. Meeting basic human needs\nis essential to recovery and building communities\u2019 resilience, also in view of the large\nnumber of Afghans returning to their communities. Should communities not have the\ncapacity to welcome them, this could have a cascading negative effect on the protection\nenvironment in Afghanistan for displaced people, returnees, and host communities alike.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Protection Risk III\n\n**Impact of Herat earthquakes.** On 7 October 2023, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck 40\nkilometres west of Herat City in Herat Province, western Afghanistan. The initial quake was\n[followed by two more earthquakes and several powerful aftershocks. The disaster directly](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/afghans-left-grieving-and-destitute-deadly-earthquake)\naffected 275,000 people, left at least 1,400 people dead, and destroyed or damaged more\nthan 48,000 homes.\n\n\n_Map produced based on rapid community level needs assessment for Herat Earthquakes, OCHA, 2023._\n\n\nNatural disasters, climate change and other environmental risks frequently contribute to\ndisplacement and heightened vulnerability in Afghanistan. With its location in a seismically\nactive region, Afghanistan remains highly susceptible to catastrophic damage due to\nearthquakes \u2013 particularly across several densely populated urban areas. Afghanistan has\nan Inform Risk Index of 8.1, the second highest out of 191 countries profiled. At the same\ntime, the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index ranks it as the 11 [th] least-prepared country\nagainst climatic shocks and the 10 [th] country in the world most vulnerable to climate change.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid community level needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.6865058541297913, - "start": 94, - "end": 99 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.993506908416748, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Herat earthquakes", - "confidence": 0.9253320693969727, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9757313132286072, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5892694592475891, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inform Risk Index", - "confidence": 0.7298150062561035, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8163942694664001, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8691454529762268, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9483910799026489, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index", - "confidence": 0.8753293752670288, - "start": 181, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7917079329490662, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6207789778709412, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8298640847206116, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The earthquakes have further exacerbated the situation of already vulnerable communities,\nwho are now grappling with the loss of many lives, homes and livelihoods. Among them\nare many returnee refugees and Internally Displaced People (IDPs) who had been\ndisplaced as a result of previous natural disasters and conflict and had returned and are\nnow forced to start over once again. There has been extensive damage to vital water and\nsanitation facilities, further compounding the challenges faced by the affected communities.\nWith the onset of winter, the situation has taken a critical turn, posing a severe risk to the\nwell-being of these vulnerable populations.\n\n\nAmong the vulnerable groups 17,358 pregnant women, 17,146 infants, 3,976 individuals\nwith severe disabilities, 3,207 vulnerable elderly families, 6,806 female-headed households\nand 3,176 chronically ill people have been identified. Orphaned, separated or\nunaccompanied children require specific case management and psychosocial assistance.\nPsychosocial support will be essential to help affected populations cope with the trauma of\nthe loss of life, homes and livelihoods.\n\n\nRefugee and IDP returnees who have recently arrived in Herat Province will need additional\nsupport in the absence of long-established resilience support networks in the community.\n\n###### Protection Risk IV\n\n\n**Large scale return movements under the Government of Pakistan\u2019s deportation plan**\n**to an already dire humanitarian situation and protection risks in Afghanistan.** While\nUNHCR underscores that any refugee return must be voluntary and in dignity without any\ncoercion, to ensure protection for those seeking safety, undocumented Afghan arrivals are\nreporting that house rental agreements were not renewed by landlords in Pakistan and that\nsince 1 November 2023, the deadline given to undocumented Afghans to leave Pakistan,\nthere have been police raids and round-ups. Fear of arrest is the most common reason\nprompting departures and return to Afghanistan.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners have strongly advocated with the Government of Pakistan to reconsider its stance, maintain protection space, provide exemptions for refugees holding\nProof of Registration (PoR) cards, undocumented Afghans with at-risk profiles, and ensure\nthat any returns to the country take place in a safe, dignified, and voluntary manner.\n\n\nUNHCR is concerned that those forced to return, including many of those who left after\nAugust 2021, may face serious protection risks. In addition to women and girls, UNHCR\nconsiders people at particularly high risk on return to their country of origin that are\nassociated with the former government or with the international community in Afghanistan;\nwith the Afghan national security forces and Afghans associated with the former\ninternational military forces in Afghanistan; journalists and other media professionals;\nhuman rights defenders and activists, as well as defence lawyers supporting them;\nmembers of minority religious groups and members of minority ethnic groups, including the\nHazaras; and Afghans of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and/or gender\nexpression [(Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People Fleeing](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F63e0cb714.html&data=05%7C01%7Cportmann%40unhcr.org%7C5ef3ebd737ce46e9e9ba08dbf1420d09%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638369038212061536%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2ByPPUzIhHj14tnp2yisDpR%2B7hgBG7vN1P0pEbk8uLxU%3D&reserved=0)\n[Afghanistan (Update I)).](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F63e0cb714.html&data=05%7C01%7Cportmann%40unhcr.org%7C5ef3ebd737ce46e9e9ba08dbf1420d09%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638369038212061536%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2ByPPUzIhHj14tnp2yisDpR%2B7hgBG7vN1P0pEbk8uLxU%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\nSignificant population movements from Pakistan to Afghanistan have however begun,\nleading to a total of over 420,000 returns by the end of November 2023, some of them\nforced. Among those, it is estimated that 80 per cent are women and children, with 47 per\ncent being women and girls.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With 1.3 million undocumented Afghans estimated to reside in Pakistan, approximately\n720,000 undocumented individuals and 50,000 assisted voluntary repatriations (Proof of\nRegistration cardholders) are expected to require support at border points through July\n2024. While Proof of Registration and Afghans Citizen Card holders are exempt from this\ndeportation plan, UNHCR is observing that many are returning too due to the hostile\nconditions in Pakistan.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partner WADAN in Afghanistan have scaled up protection activities at the\nborder. Daily presence consists of Border Protection monitoring through interviews with\nreturnees including deportees to identify protection concerns and risks, as well as, their\nintended areas of return in Afghanistan.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_* Multiple choice questions, may add up to over 100%._\n\n\nReturnees are worried about their future, job opportunities, accommodation and food to\nsupport their families. They are also worried about lack of money to travel to their places\nof origin. Many expressed concerns about access to health facilities and education,\nespecially for girls \u2013 current estimations indicate that 4.2 million children are out-of-school.\nFamilies have been separated during deportations and support with family reunification is\na key need for returnees. 19 per cent of the households enrolled by UNHCR are womenheaded, who are expected to face additional challenges in (re-)integration and meeting\ntheir basic needs. Additionally, there are Afghans forced to leave Pakistan that have never\nlived in Afghanistan or were away for decades, thus having no property or land on which\nthey could build a living, no connection with the place of origin or wider families. All these\nfactors fuel serious child protection risks, such as early and forced marriage and child\nlabour, risks of gender-based violence and risks for people with disabilities during their\nreturn journey, while staying in temporary reception facilities, while awaiting registration,\nand upon return.\n\n\nThe sudden surge in returns in recent weeks is putting pressure on already strained\nresources in receiving communities in Afghanistan, including for shelter and basic services.\nArrivals back to Afghanistan are adding to the ongoing humanitarian crisis, as winter\ntemperatures start to rapidly drop to minus \u00b0C Degree temperatures in some locations.\nMany Afghan returnees are vulnerable and could lose their lives in a harsh winter if left\nwithout adequate shelter.\n\n\nAdditional support is urgently required. UNHCR and partners in Pakistan and Afghanistan\nare currently working together to ensure a harmonized and coordinated cross-border\nresponse to this new emergency, to identify protection concerns and risks but also to\nunderstand their intended areas of return in Afghanistan to support preparedness of\n[receiving communities across the country. The Border Consortium Appeal provides for a](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/border-consortium-appeal)\njoint and harmonized approach to the provision of assistance, ensuring optimal use of\nresources to assist the high volume of persons in need and in line with contingency plan\nscenarios.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Challenges & Opportunities\n\nWhile each emergency situation in Afghanistan presents its own set of challenges, the\noverlay of several emergencies at the same time makes the current situation in the country\nexceptionally complex. Afghans are confronted with severe restrictions to their human\nrights, especially women and girls, with economic hardship, climate and natural disasters,\npoverty and food insecurity. In Herat, recent earthquakes took many lives and destroyed\nhomes and livelihoods with winter approaching very fast. And finally, returning Afghans\nfrom Pakistan at a large scale will have difficulties re-establishing their lives in Afghanistan\nand risk overburdening receiving communities.\n\n\n[The main opportunity in this context are the established and mature Priority Areas of Return](https://ssar-platform.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/parrs_september_2022.pdf)\n[and Reintegration (PARRs)](https://ssar-platform.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/parrs_september_2022.pdf) programmes developed under the [Solutions Strategy for](https://www.unhcr.org/asia/solutions-strategy-afghan-refugees)\n[Afghan Refugees (SSAR) and fully aligned with the United Nations Strategic Framework](https://www.unhcr.org/asia/solutions-strategy-afghan-refugees)\n[for Afghanistan. Located in the most significant areas of origin of people forcibly displaced,](https://afghanistan.un.org/en/238795-united-nations-strategic-framework-afghanistan)\nthe PARRs seek to build the resilience of communities by linking humanitarian and basic\nhuman needs investments in essential services such as education, health, and livelihoods.\nThis approach has already assisted some of the over 1.4 million internally displaced\npersons who have returned since 2021 to reintegrate.\n\n\nProjects within the PARRs support the entire population in an area, thereby increasing the\nability of receiving communities to welcome forcibly displaced people and returnees.\nImportantly, support is delivered directly to the communities and individuals.\n\n\nAvailable data indicates that a significant number of those returning over the coming period\nwill go to PARRs. Building the response on the fundament of these already established\nprogrammes and continuing an area-based and community level approach therefore\npresents a key opportunity to managing the current crisis in the country as efficiently and\nsustainably as possible.\n\n\nHowever, while data shows that the PARRs cover many key areas of return in the current\ncontext of deportations from Pakistan, they do not do so in full. UNHCR is therefore closely\nanalysing return movements to adjust its priority engagement areas where necessary and\nexplore, together with partners, where assistance gaps exist and where services need to\nbe expanded to. This with a view to ensure that the capacity of communities to welcome\nback returnees is maintained and strengthened in all key areas of return.\n\n\nFinally, while bans for women working with NGOs and the UN remain in place, there is\ncurrently a window of opportunity due to exemption for female staff related to ongoing\nemergencies.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Key Advocacy Messages and Asks for all Stakeholders\n\nUNHCR / 1, December, 2023 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17ff49e8-aecc-4880-854f-f5000b9aa4ce/UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Protection%20Brief%2012.2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_684/raw/doc_684_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_684/raw/doc_684_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bdaf2798ca0947094917e23b12154435e81b7180..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_684/raw/doc_684_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,329 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n## Education for Refugee Children\n\n\n**Of the 4.3 million refugees and asylum-seekers in Asia and the Pacific, an**\n**estimated 810,000** **[1]** **are at primary school age. This report focuses on 13 countries**\n**in Asia where education data is available. The finding is that only 32%** **[2]** **of them**\n**have access to formal primary education.**\n\n\nThe right to education is one of the most fundamental human rights supported by a number of\ninternational conventions including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the\nRights of the Child, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. All\n\ncountries in Asia and the Pacific are striving to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by\n2030 which includes components related to equal access to education. UNHCR, through its recent\nrefugee strategy \u201cRefugee Education 2030: A Strategy for Refugee Inclusion\u201d, recognizes the\nimportance of enhancing equitable access to education for refugees and other persons of concern, and\nis committed to boosting enrolment and retention of refugee students through its programmes by\nworking in close coordination with host governments and partners.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific (RBAP) prepared this update to highlight the\nchallenges faced by refugees and other persons of concern in Asia in terms of equity, inclusion and\naccess to education, and to demonstrate how UNHCR is working to improve the situation together with\nrefugees themselves, States, partners, and other stakeholders.\n\n##### Two thirds of refugee\n\n**children** in Asia do not attend\nformal primary education\n\n\n1 Primary school attendance age varies from country to country. Estimations have been made where data is not available.\n2 This is the percentage of refugee/asylum-seeker children attending formal primary education in the region based on 2019 data.\n\n\n2 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education data", - "confidence": 0.9299271702766418, - "start": 65, - "end": 67 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.630775511264801, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia and the Pacific", - "confidence": 0.7219576835632324, - "start": 21, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9533119201660156, - "start": 17, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 data", - "confidence": 0.8928227424621582, - "start": 369, - "end": 371 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9466049075126648, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia", - "confidence": 0.8638612627983093, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9624135494232178, - "start": 376, - "end": 377 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9966475367546082, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee/asylum-seeker children", - "confidence": 0.9835862517356873, - "start": 356, - "end": 360 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n## Challenges\n\n\n**The challenges to accessing education for the majority of the world\u2019s children are**\n**well known. These challenges are exacerbated when those children are refugees or**\n**stateless. In the Asia-Pacific region, there are several layers of obstacles preventing**\n**refugee children from accessing primary education, depending on the socio-**\n**economic situation of the host country. The following examples further underline**\n**these challenges.**\n\n###### HOST COUNTRY CAPACITY\n\n\nMany refugee-hosting countries in the region are in challenging economic and social situations, making\nit hard to extend sufficient support to refugee/asylum-seeker children. For instance, Pakistan, which is\nthe largest refugee-hosting country in South-West Asia, accommodating some 1.4 million refugees, has\na net primary education enrolment rate only of 68% as of 2018. Under such circumstances, the public\nschool system itself has several challenges including school space and the number of teachers as well\nas their qualification levels. In the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, since 2016, all Afghan children of\nschool age can attend primary and secondary school education for free, regardless of their\ndocumentation status. While this policy is much welcomed, it puts extra pressure on educational space\nin the country.\n\n\nMany host communities also lack the capacity to support the inclusion of refugee children, through, for\nexample, catch up, remedial, or accelerated education programmes. Some States also do not have\nresources to establish a support system such as extra local language classes or supplementary classes\nfor children whose education was interrupted, or may not even have a policy in place to facilitate the\ninclusion of refugee children into the education system.\n\n\nWithout a school building, the children in Qarabagh, Afghanistan, have studied outdoors for years. \u00a9UNHCR/Claire Thomas\n\n\n3 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n###### FINANCIAL ISSUES\n\n\nRefugee children face financial challenges which prevent them from accessing education. For those\nwho are unable to access public schools due to policy or language issues, it is a burden on the\nhousehold to pay for costly private schools. Even in the case of those allowed to attend public schools,\nmany refugee families, with limited means of earning a living in the country of asylum, will struggle to\nafford related expenses such as uniforms, school supplies, and transportation. The need for financial\nsupport in this respect is reported in several countries including India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Many\nchildren also face issues like child labour and early marriage, reported in several countries, both of\nwhich contribute to reduced enrolment rates. Households are often faced with the dilemma of enrolling\ntheir children in school but losing the extra income their children can earn through informal labour.\n\n###### DIFFICULT LIVING CONDITIONS\n\n\nAcross the region, there are over 1.6 million refugees or other persons of concern to UNHCR living in\ncamps or camp-like situations, and delivering education in these locations remains challenging. The\nrefugee camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar in Bangladesh host more than 850,000 refugees. The Government of\nBangladesh provided land and is supporting the refugees with various services, but due to the\npopulation density, living conditions in the camps remains fragile. School structures are often very basic,\nwith minimum furniture and insufficient school supplies, and classes are provided in an informal and\nlimited manner.\n\n\nKutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh. Challenging conditions include lack of infrastructure, inadequate sanitation and the threat of flooding\nand landslides. Half of the camp population are children under the age of 18 years. \u00a9UNHCR/Vincent Tremeau\n\n\n4 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n## Mapping Formal Primary Education Enrolment\n\n\n**METHODOLOGY**\n\n\nStatistics on refugee enrolment have been drawn from statistical reports from Governments, UNHCR or\npartner organizations while refugee population numbers have been collected through Government or\nUNHCR\u2019s population databases and registration systems in 13 countries where education data is\navailable. The total refugee population of the selected countries is 3.7 million, more than 83% of the\ntotal refugee population in the Asia and the Pacific region.\n\n\nThis report uses Gross Enrolment Ratios (GER) for primary education, meaning that all children enrolled\nare included, regardless of whether they are in the right class for their age.\n\n\nThe enrolment rate is based on the number of children enrolled in formal education programmes at\nprimary level. The report used UNESCO\u2019s definition of formal education as provided [here.](http://uis.unesco.org/node/3079511)\n\n\nCalculating how many children are in or out of schools requires age-specific enrolment data. In order to\ncalculate the GER at regional level, assumptions were made by extrapolating using age-sex breakdown\nof similar refugee communities. Since refugee education data is limited to those 13 countries hosting\n83% of refugees and asylum-seekers in Asia and the Pacific, the conclusions inferred at regional level\nare representative of that population. The report, however still helps to provide information and\nchallenges on refugee education in the Asia and the Pacific region.\n\n\n**DATA AVAILABILITY & CHALLENGES**\n\n\nThe nature of refugee education data has changed in recent years with an increasing shift towards\ninclusion of refugees into national systems. Data collected on refugee children in national education\ninformation management systems is often not disaggregated by refugee status and difficult to keep\ntrack of. At the same time, most common national surveys or censuses that include education-related\nquestions do not include specific information on refugee status. As a result, refugee children are often\nabsent or not fully represented in the statistical picture when looking at common national education\ndata sources.\n\n\nUNHCR collects information on education from different sources, which include the formal registration\nprocess, administrative data and household surveys. Such activities require adequate financial\nresources as well. In line with the global thinking and with its Data Transformation Strategy 2020-25,\nUNHCR is continuously strengthening efforts to generate and use refugee education-related data.\n\n\n5 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics on refugee enrolment", - "confidence": 0.8376523852348328, - "start": 15, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5254113674163818, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia and the Pacific region", - "confidence": 0.6395845413208008, - "start": 84, - "end": 89 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee population", - "confidence": 0.6031805276870728, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee education data", - "confidence": 0.926868736743927, - "start": 200, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia and the Pacific", - "confidence": 0.6524170637130737, - "start": 217, - "end": 221 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8733331561088562, - "start": 213, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national surveys", - "confidence": 0.7854984998703003, - "start": 319, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8270370364189148, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.7089197039604187, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5779065489768982, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.951015055179596, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n\n**Percentage of primary school-aged refugee &**\n\n\n\n**Number of registered refugees in**\n**13 countries covered by the report**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|primary education by country # of refugees &
Sub-region Country asylum-seekers
in the country
Legend Kazakhstan 742
100% 0%
Central Asia Kyrgyzstan 517
Tajikistan 5,204
Nepal 19,634
South Asia
Sri Lanka 1,406
Bangladesh 854,820
Indonesia 13,657
KAZAKHSTAN
100% South East Asia Malaysia 179,744
Philippines 1,023
KYRGYZSTAN
73% Thailand 98,418
TAJIKISTAN Afghanistan 72,479
80%
South-West Asia Islamic Rep. of Iran 979,468
ISLAMIC REP. AFGHANISTAN Pakistan 1,428,147
OF IRAN 8% NEPAL
Total 3,655,259
87% 86%
PAKISTAN1
17%
BANGLADESH
0%
PHILIPPINES2
THAILAND 40%
2%
MALAYSIA
SRI LANKA 13%
97%|Sub-region
Central Asia|Country
Kazakhstan|# of refugees &
asylum-seekers
in the country
742|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|**Sub-region**
Central Asia|Kyrgyzstan|517|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|**Sub-region**
Central Asia|Tajikistan|5,204|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South Asia|Nepal|19,634|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South Asia|Sri Lanka|1,406|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Bangladesh|854,820|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Indonesia|13,657|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Malaysia|179,744|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Philippines|1,023|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Thailand|98,418|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Afghanistan|72,479|\n|THAILAND
2%
TAJIKISTAN
80%
SRI LANKA
97%
PHILIPPINES2
40%
PAKISTAN1
17%
NEPAL
86%
MALAYSIA
13%
KYRGYZSTAN
73%
ISLAMIC REP.
OF IRAN
87%
BANGLADESH
0%
AFGHANISTAN
8%
KAZAKHSTAN
100%
100%
0%

**primary education by country**
**Sub-region**
**Country**
**# of refugees &**
**asylum-seekers**
**in the country**
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
742
Kyrgyzstan
517
Tajikistan
5,204
South Asia
Nepal
19,634
Sri Lanka
1,406
South East Asia
Bangladesh
854,820
Indonesia
13,657
Malaysia
179,744
Philippines
1,023
Thailand
98,418
South-West Asia
Afghanistan
72,479
Islamic Rep. of Iran
979,468
Pakistan
1,428,147
**Total**
**3,655,259**
**Legend**|South East Asia|Islamic Rep. of Iran|979,468|\n\n\n\nINDONESIA\n\n6%\n\n\n_The boundaries and names shown and the_\n_designations used on this map do not imply_\n_official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations._\n\n\n1This is the percentage of children accessing UNHCR supported refugee village schools and does not include those accessing\nschools outside of refugee villages.\n2This % is based on the number of refugee children known to UNHCR to be enrolled in formal primary schools while the actual\nfigure could be higher\n\n\n6 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n\nIslamic Republic of Iran. Afghan refugee sisters in Isfahan go to school for the first time. \u00a9UNHCR/Mohammad Hossein Dehghanian\n\n## Making a Difference\n\n\n**Improving equitable access and inclusion in education for refugees and asylum-**\n**seekers requires the involvement of all stakeholders, including host governments,**\n**local communities, educational institutions, the international community, partners,**\n**donors, and most importantly the refugees themselves. In order to overcome the**\n**obstacles that prevent children from accessing education, UNHCR has adopted**\n**several approaches in the region, a number of which are outlined in this section.**\n\n\n7 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n###### CAPACITY BUILDING OF HOST COUNTRIES\n\n\nUNHCR works closely with the host country and the refugee-hosting communities to support the\ndevelopment of their educational capacities and infrastructure so that they can include refugee and\nasylum-seeker children. For example, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 12 schools were constructed in\n2019 benefitting over 8,000 refugees and Iranian children and 11 more are being built in 2020. This is\nalso an important component in terms of bolstering social cohesion. Similarly, in Pakistan, as part of the\nRefugee Affected and Hosting Areas (RAHA) programme, UNHCR has been implementing educationrelated infrastructure projects such as the improvement and construction of additional school facilities.\nIn 2019, over 6,000 people benefitted from the programme. In Bangladesh which hosts the largest\nnumber of refugees in South East Asia, UNHCR supported 87 educational institutions in the host\ncommunity through construction or rehabilitation of school facilities and donation of school buses and\nfurniture in 2018 and 2019 which benefitted over 63,000 children. In Nepal, 12 classrooms were built to\nenable Bhutanese refugees to attend municipal school alongside Nepali children last year. This form of\nsupport helps to include refugee children into the local school system.\n\n\nSupport to returnees is also important. In Afghanistan, as the number of Afghans returning to their areas\nof origin increases and host communities require assistance, as part of the Priority Areas of Return and\nReintegration (PARRs) programme, several projects for the construction or rehabilitation of school\nfacilities have been implemented. Last year, 21 projects were completed benefitting over 56,000 people\nand more are planned for this year.\n\n\nMalaysia. Girls enjoy studying at a learning centre run by UNHCR in collaboration with partners and refugee communitie \u00a9\nUNHCR/Mimi Zarina Azmin\n\n\n8 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n###### FINANCIAL SUPPORT\n\n\nIn several countries across the region, UNHCR provides financial support to refugee and displaced\nfamilies who have difficulty affording school fees or related expenses such as school supplies and\ntransportation. Cash-based programming is implemented in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand among\nothers.\n\n\nUNHCR also facilitates scholarships for higher education. DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic\nRefugee Initiative) scholarships gave an opportunity for education to 1,172 refugees and others of\nconcern in 2019 in several countries in Asia-Pacific such as Afghanistan, India, Islamic Republic of Iran,\nKyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Tajikistan. In 2020, over 900 students in Asia-Pacific are expected to benefit\nfrom the programme. In Malaysia, UNHCR works with the initiative called Opening Universities for\nRefugees (OUR) which links students with higher education opportunities in Malaysia, Indonesia, New\nZealand, Australia, and Hong Kong SAR. Initially based in Malaysia, this initiative has now been\nincorporated into the Centre for Asia Pacific Research Studies within the University of Auckland. In\n\nMyanmar, the Australian Catholic University runs a higher education programme on the Thai-Myanmar\nborder while Institute for International Education (IIE) has a scholarship programme for higher education.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to explore financial support and partnership opportunities for refugee children who\nwould not be able to access education otherwise.\n\n###### IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN CAMPS AND SETTLEMENTS\n\n\nUNHCR works to establish and strengthen educational facilities in refugee camps and settlements\nacross the region in order to increase enrolment. In refugee villages in Pakistan, for example, over\n\n56,000 children are provided with primary education in school facilities supported by UNHCR. In the\nRohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, some 5,500 educational facilities were established by the end\nof 2019 of which 1,700 were established by UNHCR. A much-needed teacher training exercise is also on\ngoing.\n\n\nThe activities of UNHCR go hand-in-hand with those of other actors to overcome the challenges of\nproviding access to education in refugee camps. In Bangladesh, all the education activities are\ncoordinated by the Education Sector, co-led by UNICEF and Save the Children, and involving 44\npartners. UNHCR co-chairs with the Government the Strategic Advisory Group of the Education Sector.\nThrough these collective efforts, informal education has been provided to 300,000 Rohingya children\naged 4 to 14 years in the camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar. At the same time, WFP has been running a school\nfeeding programme covering all the learning centres in the camps, encouraging school attendance.\nMeanwhile, in an important development in 2020, the Government of Bangladesh approved a pilot\nproject for 10,000 refugee students in middle school (grades 6-9) to be taught based on the national\ncurriculum of Myanmar, their country of origin. This is the first time that the Myanmar curriculum would\nbe available in the camps and it is an important first step towards offering access to quality education\nfor the children in the camps. UNHCR, UNICEF and Save the Children together with various other\nnational and international actors are working to support the successful roll-out of this pilot project.\n\n\n9 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n###### ADVOCACY\n\n\nUNHCR continues to be a strong advocate for enhancing refugees\u2019 access to education from a policy\nlevel.\n\n\nIn December 2019, the first Global Refugee Forum took place, where States and other actors came\ntogether to share good practices and pledge financial support, technical expertise and policy changes\nto help reach the goals of the Global Compact on Refugees. Some of the major outcomes for the\nAsia-Pacific region include eight pledges, such as: Afghanistan, Australia, and Indonesia expanding\naccess to education for refugees and returnees; Japan, Malaysia and New Zealand facilitating refugee\naccess to higher education; and Thailand working on the recognition of educational certificates and\ndocuments for displaced children from Myanmar.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to support education and youth empowerment initiatives in South-West Asia through\ndedicated projects implemented within the framework of the Support Platform for the Solutions Strategy\nfor Afghan Refugees (SSAR). Prioritized interventions going forward will focus on enhancing access to\n(and quality of) the national education systems in the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran and\nPakistan.\n\n\nUNHCR is also part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Working Group for\nStrengthening Education for Out-of-School Children and Youth which seeks to understand and address\nsome of the barriers to accessing education in the region.\n\n\nYoung girls write their daily class work during their lesson at the Community Girls School in Kotchandana refugee village in\nPunjab province of Pakistan. \u00a9UNHCR/Sara Farid\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n\nAdvocacy also takes place at country level. Several UNHCR operations lead or take part in educationrelated working groups and advocate for improved access to quality education, together with UN\nagencies and other stakeholders. Advocacy to improve access to education for refugee children at\npolicy level is actively taking place in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran,\nMalaysia, Nepal, and Pakistan.\n\n\nUNHCR is strengthening partnerships with key donors and multilateral institutions to systematically\ninclude refugees in their programming, such as Education Cannot Wait (ECW), the Global Partnership for\nEducation (GPE), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the World Bank.\n\n###### SUPPLEMENTARY SUPPORT\n\n\nUNHCR provides supplementary support to the refugees who are not able to attend formal schools or\n\nwho need additional support to be integrated into the mainstream educational system. For instance, in\nMalaysia, UNHCR supports 132 learning centres that make up the informal education system providing\naccess to education to 13,881 children of concern. In Thailand, UNHCR, through its partner, provides\nThai language programmes for urban refugee and asylum-seeker children to equip them with the\nlanguage skills needed to access public schools. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, UNHCR provides\nliteracy classes to Afghan and Iraqi children to improve their access to primary education. Similar\nlanguage and other remedial programmes are provided in other countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan,\nSri Lanka and Tajikistan.\n\n\nIslamic Republic of Iran. A refugee student is holding his new backpack distributed by\nUNHCR. \u00a9 UNHCR/Iman Behjatian\n\n\n1 1 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n## Way Forward\n\n\nImproving refugee children\u2019s access to education requires sustainable interventions from all\n\nstakeholders. UNHCR calls for the continuous support from the host countries and partners while\n\nencouraging other stakeholders to join the collective efforts.\n\n\nCOVID-19 outbreak is also severely affecting the learning environment of refugee children with\n\nprolonged school closures. The socio-economic impact on vulnerable families has also been severe\n\nand could lead to school dropouts where children need to work to support the family. In several\n\noperations in the region, UNHCR together with other stakeholders has been supporting children during\n\nschool closures, such as through the provision of necessary equipment and connectivity for distance\n\nlearning.\n\n\nUNHCR continues to work closely with the refugee hosting communities and partners while also\n\nadvocating for further support from other parties.\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ASIA EDUCATION UPDATE\n\n###### UNHCR is grateful for the support of:\n\n\nAustralia | Canada | China | Denmark | European Union | France | Germany | Ireland | Italy | Japan |\nLuxembourg | Netherlands | Norway | Qatar | Republic of Korea | Saudi Arabia | Spain | Sweden |\nSwitzerland | United Kingdom | United States of America | CERF\n\n###### With the support of the following organizations and private sector partners:\n\n\nAgility Logistics | Athmar Holdings | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | Education Above All Foundation |\nEducation Cannot Wait | Fast Retailing Co. Ltd. | Fondation EDF | Global Charity Association for\n\nDevelopment | Irthi-NAMA | J.S. Foundation | Jolie-Pitt Foundation | Lam Kin Chung Morning Sun Charity\n| Mabarrat Ghanaem Al Khair | Private Donors Lebanon | Private Donors Singapore | Private Donors\nThailand | Private Donors Philippines | Qatar Airways | Qatar Charity | Relief Singapore | RUSSING Group\n| Shih Wing Ching Foundation | Stephen Riady Foundation | Thani Bin Abdullah Bin Thani Al Thani\nHumanitarian Fund | UPS Corporate | Unilever (UK) | Zakat House\n\n\n**Resources**\n\n\n - UNHCR\u2019s Education Policy and Programmes: [https://www.unhcr.org/education.html](https://www.unhcr.org/education.html)\n\n - UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Education 2030 \u2013 A Strategy for Refugee Inclusion: [https://www.unhcr.org/](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html )\n[publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html](https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html )\n\n - UNHCR\u2019s Coming Together for Refugee Education: [https://www.unhcr.org/5f4f9a2b4](https://www.unhcr.org/5f4f9a2b4)\n\n - Stepping Up- Refugee Education in Crisis Report: [https://www.unhcr.org/steppingup/](https://www.unhcr.org/steppingup/ )\n\n - DAFI Scholarship: [https://www.unhcr.org/daf-scholarships.html](https://www.unhcr.org/dafi-scholarships.html )\n\n - Refugee Education Strategy-Pakistan: [https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73890](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73890)\n\n - Global Trends: https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/\n\n\nCover photograph:\nBangladesh. Rebuilding girls\u2019 lives through education\n\u201cI come to school to increase my knowledge so that I can get a job and help educate orphan girls.\u201d\nSumaiya Akter, 12, is a Rohingya refugee living in Kutupalong camp, Bangladesh. She says the UNHCR-funded school she\nattends is a place of fun, happiness and knowledge. \u00a9 UNHCR / Roger Arnold\n\n\n1 3 UNHCR / October 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **CLOSING THE GAP** **ASIA** **EDUCATION** **UPDATE**\n\n##### October 2020\n\n**UNHCR Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific**\nRBAP_Thailand@unhcr.org\nBangkok, Thailand\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5fd368d8-135c-3384-87b9-71f31c75a30a/UNHCR%20Asia%20Education%20Update%20October%202020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_685/raw/doc_685_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_685/raw/doc_685_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 32e48e8da0be9c405de7ead7a46c7ca432b69e73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_685/raw/doc_685_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### Izvje\u0161taj\n\n##### septembar/rujan \u2013 oktobar/listopad 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Zahvale\n\n\nPodaci kori\u0161teni u ovom izvje\u0161taju prikupljeni su u okviru participativne procjene koju je\n\nUNHCR, Agencija Ujedinjenih nacija za izbjeglice, provela u Bosni i Hercegovini izme\u0111u\n\nseptembra i oktobra 2024. godine s tra\u017eiocima azila i izbjeglicama, u partnerstvu s\n\norganizacijama Va\u0161a prava BiH, Bosanskohercegova\u010dkom inicijativom \u017eena (BHWI),\n\nCatholic Relief Service (CRS), World Vision, Centrom za socijalni rad u Biha\u0107u, Slu\u017ebom\n\nza poslove sa strancima (SPS), LAN-om, predstavnicima osnovnih \u0161kola u Ilid\u017ei, Novom\n\nSarajevu i Me\u0111ugorju, Ministarstvom sigurnosti (MSB), Ministarstvom za ljudska prava i\n\nizbjeglice (MLJPI), organizacijom Snaga \u017eene, te lokalnim Crvenim krstom/kri\u017eom\n\nMe\u0111ugorje.\n\n\nProvedba ove aktivnosti ne bi bila mogu\u0107a bez tra\u017eilaca azila i izbjeglica koji su pristali\n\nu\u010destvovati u konsultacijama \u0161irom zemlje. UNHCR izra\u017eava zahvalnost svim u\u010desnicima\n\nuklju\u010denim u ovaj proces, kao i donatorima koji su pru\u017eili klju\u010dnu podr\u0161ku Predstavni\u0161tvu\n\nUNHCR-a u BiH, te svima koji su pmogli UNHCR-ove programe putem djelimi\u010dno\n\nnamijenjene i nenamijenjene finansijske pomo\u0107i.\n\n\n**KONTAKTIRAJTE NAS**\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina\nOdjel za komunikacije\n\n\n[Email: bsnsapi@unhcr.org](mailto:bsnsapi@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**NASLOVNA FOTOGRAFIJA:**\n_Ilaria Della Moretta/UNHCR, grupne konsultacije s tra\u017eiocima azila u Privremenom prihvatnom centru U\u0161ivak,_\n_oktobar/listopad 2024._\n\n\n2 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n#### Sadr\u017eaj:\n\n\n**Zahvale** **2**\n\n\n**Skra\u0107enice** **4**\n\n\n**Sa\u017eetak klju\u010dnih nalaza** **5**\n\n\n**Uvod** **6**\n\n\n\n**Metodologija** **7**\n\nPrikupljanje podataka 7\n\nProfili u\u010desnika 8\n\nOgrani\u010denja 1\n\n\n\n**Postupak azila i pristup pravima** **2**\n\nIzazovi 2\n\nPreporuke 4\n\n\n\n**Lokalna integracija i uklju\u010divanje** **6**\n\nIzazovi 6\n\nPreporuke 8\n\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Skra\u0107enice\n\n\n**AISA** Potvrda o iskazanoj namjeri za podno\u0161enje zahtjeva za azil\n\n\n**BHWI** Bosanskohercegova\u010dka inicijativa \u017eena\n\n\n**CRS** Catholic Relief Services\n\n\n**LGBTIQ+** Lezbijke, gej, biseksualne, transrodne, interseksualne ili kvir\n\n\n**MFT** Multifunkcionalni timovi\n\n\n**MLJPI** Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice\n\n\n**MSB** Ministarstvo sigurnosti\n\n\n**NVO** Nevladine organizacije\n\n\n**PPC** Privremeni prihvatni centri\n\n\n**RZN** Rodno zasnovano nasilje\n\n\n**SPS** Slu\u017eba za poslove sa strancima\n\n\n**UASC** Djeca bez pratnje i razdvojena djeca\n\n\n4 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Sa\u017eetak klju\u010dnih nalaza\n\n\nTra\u017eioci azila i izbjeglice ukazali su na izazove u ostvarivanju svojih prava, kao i tokom\n\npostupka azila, obilje\u017eenog dugotrajnim periodima \u010dekanja, u kojem je pristup\n\nzdravstvenoj za\u0161titi ograni\u010den, socijalna za\u0161tita izostaje, a pristup tr\u017ei\u0161tu rada nije\n\ndozvoljen prvih devet mjeseci. Ove izazove dodatno produbljuju slo\u017eeni administrativni\n\npostupci koji uzrokuju ka\u0161njenja i prepreke u ostvarivanju prava. Tra\u017eioci azila smje\u0161teni\n\nu privremenim prihvatnim centrima (PPC) izrazili su zabrinutost za sigurnost, uklju\u010duju\u0107i\n\nkra\u0111e i nedostatak privatnosti. Neki u\u010desnici ukazali su i na nedostatnu reakciju lokalnih\n\nvlasti na rodno zasnovano nasilje.\n\n\nTako\u0111er su istaknute prepreke koje ote\u017eavaju lokalnu integraciju, uklju\u010duju\u0107i zakonska\n\nograni\u010denja zapo\u0161ljavanja za tra\u017eioce azila i osobe u izbjegli\u010dkoj situaciji, pote\u0161ko\u0107e pri\n\notvaranju bankovnih ra\u010duna te ograni\u010dene mogu\u0107nosti obrazovanja, \u0161to dodatno\n\npove\u0107ava njihovu ekonomsku ranjivost. Osobe sa statusom supsidijarne za\u0161tite\n\nsuo\u010davaju se s dodatnim ograni\u010denjima, poput nemogu\u0107nosti pribavljanja putnih isprava,\n\nspajanja porodice ili sticanja dr\u017eavljanstva. Neadekvatno stanovanje, ovisnost o vanjskoj\n\npomo\u0107i i nedostatak prilika za samostalno izdr\u017eavanje doprinose socijalnoj isklju\u010denosti i\n\nnesigurnosti, \u0161to neke navodi na daljnje kretanje. Nedostatak podr\u0161ke za brigu o djeci\n\nposebno negativno utje\u010de na ekonomsko osna\u017eivanje \u017eena.\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Uvod\n\n\n_\u201cU svojoj mati\u010dnoj zemlji nisam dobrodo\u0161ao, i \u017eivot tamo nikada vi\u0161e ne bi_\n_bio isti. Svakako namjeravam ostati ovdje i \u017eivjeti dostojanstveno.\u201d_\n\n\nOd kraja 2017. godine mje\u0161oviti tokovi migranata, tra\u017eilaca azila i izbjeglica koji prolaze\n\nkroz Bosnu i Hercegovinu zna\u010dajno su se pove\u0107ali. Me\u0111u njima je mnogo ranjivih osoba\n\ni/ili osoba kojima je potrebna me\u0111unarodna za\u0161tita, jer su pobjegle od rata ili opasnosti od\n\nprogona. U tom kontekstu UNHCR sara\u0111uje s nadle\u017enim organima i civilnim dru\u0161tvom\n\nkako bi se unaprijedilo rano prepoznavanje osoba koje trebaju me\u0111unarodnu za\u0161titu,\n\nosigurale usluge osobama kojima je potrebna za\u0161tita, oja\u010dao pristup i efikasnost\n\npostupka azila, te stvorile perspektive za lokalnu integraciju i uklju\u010divanje.\n\n\nStoga je klju\u010dno da UNHCR konsultuje tra\u017eioce azila i izbjeglice radi utvr\u0111ivanja\n\nprioritetnih potreba, oblikovanja ciljanih intervencija i usmjeravanja planiranja i\n\nzagovara\u010dkih aktivnosti. Ovakav holisti\u010dki pristup \u010dini UNHCR-ov program u Bosni i\n\nHercegovini djelotvornijim i relevantnijim, \u0161to u kona\u010dnici vodi ka boljim ishodima i\n\nodr\u017eivim rje\u0161enjima za prisilno raseljene osobe.\n\n\nIzme\u0111u septembra i oktobra 2024. godine, UNHCR i partneri konsultovali su 71 tra\u017eioca\n\nazila i izbjeglica kroz 18 konsultacija odr\u017eanih u Kantonu Sarajevo, Unsko-sanskom,\n\nTuzlanskom i Hercegova\u010dko-neretvanskom kantonu, kao i u Republici Srpskoj. Ovaj\n\nizvje\u0161taj prikazuje glavne nalaze tih razgovora, kao i predlo\u017eene preporuke upu\u0107ene\n\nUNHCR-u, nadle\u017enim organima i drugim relevantnim akterima.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Metodologija\n\n\nPrisilno raseljene osobe moraju biti u sredi\u0161tu dono\u0161enja odluka u svim aspektima koji se\n\nodnose na njihovu za\u0161titu i dobrobit. UNHCR provodi konsultacije s pojedincima svih\n\nstarosnih grupa i razli\u010ditog porijekla kako bi utvrdio njihove specifi\u010dne potrebe za\u0161tite i\n\nrizike. Participativne procjene omogu\u0107avaju UNHCR-u da razvije programe i zagovara\u010dke\n\naktivnosti zasnovane na dokazima, utemeljene na iskustvima i iskazanim prioritetima\n\nprisilno raseljenih osoba.\n###### Prikupljanje podataka\n\n\nMultifunkcionalni timovi (MFT) formirani su od osoblja UNHCR-a i partnerskih\n\norganizacija. MFT-ovi su proveli 18 konsultacija sa 71 osobom na 15 lokacija, uklju\u010duju\u0107i\n\nPPC Bla\u017euj, U\u0161ivak, Lipa i Bori\u0107i, Prihvatni centar za azil Delija\u0161, te privatne smje\u0161taje i\n\nsmje\u0161tajne kapacitete nevladinih organizacija (NVO) u Kantonu Sarajevo, Unsko\nsanskom, Tuzlanskom i Hercegova\u010dko-neretvanskom kantonu, kao i u Republici Srpskoj.\n\n\nKonsultacije su polustrukturirane, vo\u0111ene grupom pitanja o relevantnim temama:\n\nsmje\u0161taj, sigurnost, pristup uslugama, trajna rje\u0161enja, sredstva za \u017eivot i sl. Primarni cilj\n\nkonsultacija je prikupljanje kvalitativnih podataka o rizicima za\u0161tite, potrebama i\n\nmehanizmima suo\u010davanja ispitanika.\n\n\nAnaliza podataka predstavlja klju\u010dni korak u procesu participativne procjene. Prikupljene\n\ninformacije MFT-ovi su tematski analizirali kako bi identificirali klju\u010dne rizike za\u0161tite,\n\nnedostatke i predlo\u017eena rje\u0161enja. Ovakva detaljna analiza doprinosi jasnoj slici situacije\n\nprisilno raseljenih osoba u zemlji i potrebnih naknadnih intervencija. Nalazi participativne\n\nprocjene sa\u017eeti su i koriste se za oblikovanje programa i zagovara\u010dke aktivnosti.\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n###### Profili u\u010desnika\n\n\nU skladu s UNHCR-ovom Politikom o dobi, spolu i razli\u010ditosti (2018), u\u010desnici su odabrani\n\ntako da zastupaju razli\u010dite starosne grupe, spolove, zemlje porijekla i specifi\u010dne potrebe,\n\n\u010dime se osigurava uklju\u010divanje razli\u010ditih perspektiva. Konsultovane osobe potje\u010du iz 14\n\nzemalja i obuhvataju osam (8) osoba koje su dobile \u201ePotvrdu o iskazanoj namjeri za\n\npodno\u0161enje zahtjeva za azil\u201c (AISA), 33 tra\u017eioca azila, 16 osoba pod supsidijarnom\n\nza\u0161titom i 14 osoba u izbjegli\u010dkoj situaciji (dr\u017eavljani Ukrajine s privremenim boravkom iz\n\nhumanitarnih razloga u Bosni i Hercegovini). \u0160to se ti\u010de specifi\u010dnih ranjivosti, osam (8)\n\nispitanika su djeca bez pratnje i razdvojena djeca (UASC), a jedan (1) ispitanik je\n\nLGBTIQ+ tra\u017eilac azila.\n\n\n**Statusi**\n\n33\n\n\n\nLica sa iskazanom\nnamjerom (DBP)\n\n\n**Zemlje porijekla**\n\n\n\n\n\nTra\u017eioci azila Lica pod\nme\u0111unarodnom\nza\u0161titom\n\n\n\nLica u izbjegli\u010dkoj\nsituaciji\n\n\n\n**Dob i spol**\n\n\n\nUkrajina\nRuska Federacija\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTurska\nSirijska Arapska Republika\n\n\n\nAfganistan\nSireja Leone\nIran (Islamska Republika)\n\n\n\nKamerun\n\n\n\n23\n\n\n\n\n\nIrak\nNigerija\nPakistan\nDr\u017eava Palestina\n\n\n\nVenecuela\n\n\n\n8 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Ograni\u010denja\n\nIako su participativne procjene klju\u010dni alati, one imaju i svoja ograni\u010denja. Jedan od\n\nizazova jeste potencijalna pristrasnost pri odabiru u\u010desnika, koja zavisi od pristupa\u010dnosti i\n\ndostupnosti ciljne populacije na odre\u0111enim lokacijama i u odre\u0111enom trenutku. Nadalje,\n\nna kvalitet prikupljenih podataka mogu uticati sposobnost voditelja razgovora\n\ni spremnost u\u010desnika da govore otvoreno, \u0161to mo\u017ee biti ote\u017eano kulturalnim ili dru\u0161tvenim\n\nbarijerama. Kona\u010dno, nalazi se zasnivaju na subjektivnim percepcijama u\u010desnika,\n\noblikovanim njihovim li\u010dnim iskustvima, porijeklom, kulturom i dru\u0161tvenim kontekstom, te\n\nstoga ne moraju uvijek odra\u017eavati stvarnost s kojom se suo\u010dava cjelokupna populacija.\n\nUprkos ovim izazovima, participativne procjene i dalje predstavljaju neophodan izvor\n\ninformacija, no klju\u010dno ih je dopuniti drugim metodama prikupljanja podataka kako bi se\n\ndobilo sveobuhvatnije i uravnote\u017eenije razumijevanje situacije odre\u0111ene populacione\n\ngrupe.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Postupak azila i pristup pravima\n\n\n_\u201cMoje ime je Hassan, imam 32 godine. Pobjegao sam iz Sirije i stigao u_\n_Bosnu i Hercegovinu prije tri godine. Putovanje je naru\u0161ilo moje zdravlje, a_\n_bez rije\u0161enog statusa nisam mogao pristupiti zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi, \u0161to_\n_ostavlja trajne posljedice. Kada sam prvi put do\u0161ao, smje\u0161ten sam u_\n_prihvatni centar, gdje se nisam osje\u0107ao sigurno. Ukradena mi je imovina._\n\n_Podnio sam zahtjev za azil i bio sam preplavljen koli\u010dinom potrebne_\n_dokumentacije. Svaki korak tra\u017eio je novi formular, novi dokaz. Jezi\u010dka_\n_barijera sve je \u010dinila jo\u0161 te\u017eim, jer nisam razumio pravnu terminologiju niti_\n_sam mogao jasno objasniti svoju situaciju. Prije godinu dana kona\u010dno sam_\n_dobio me\u0111unarodnu za\u0161titu, ali postupak azila bio je dug i neizvjestan. Dok_\n_sam \u010dekao odluku, osje\u0107ao sam se bespomo\u0107no i ovisno o drugima jer_\n_nisam smio raditi, iako sam obrazovan.\u201d_ _[1]_\n\n\nTra\u017eioci azila i izbjeglice uklju\u010deni u konsultacije ukazali su na vi\u0161e izazova tokom\n\npostupka azila i pri ostvarivanju svojih prava. Ove prepreke onemogu\u0107avaju brzo\n\nrje\u0161avanje statusa, odr\u017eavaju stanje ovisnosti i, u kona\u010dnici, navode neke osobe na\n\ndaljnje kretanje.\n\n###### Izazovi\n\n\nTokom \u010dekanja pristup zdravstvenim uslugama je ograni\u010den, socijalna za\u0161tita se ne\n\nobezbje\u0111uje, a formalno zapo\u0161ljavanje nije dozvoljeno prvih devet mjeseci. U svim\n\ngrupama u\u010desnika ovo je bio naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e i najsna\u017enije nagla\u0161eni problem.\n\n\n_1 Ovaj tekst temelji se na stvarnim iskustvima i svjedo\u010danstvima tra\u017eilaca azila i izbjeglica koji su u\u010destvovali u konsultacijama u_\n_okviru participativne procjene, ali opisani lik je fiktivan. Svrha ovog svjedo\u010denja jeste da na razumljiv na\u010din istakne_\n_ponavljaju\u0107e izazove s kojima se suo\u010davaju prisilno raseljene osobe. Ostali navodi u ovom izvje\u0161taju predstavljaju izvatke iz_\n_konsultacija provedenih tokom participativne procjene, kao i tokom cijele godine._\n\n\n2 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n\n_\"Pobjegao/la sam iz svoje zemlje bje\u017ee\u0107i od opasnosti, ali ka\u0161njenje u_\n_postupku azila ovdje je jo\u0161 gore. Ne mogu raditi da se mogu izdr\u017eavati, a_\n_zdravlje mi se pogor\u0161ava jer ne mogu dobiti adekvatnu njegu. Kako da_\n_izgradim novi \u017eivot kada je sve tako neizvjesno?\"_\n\n\nsuo\u010davaju se s te\u0161ko\u0107ama u ostvarivanju prava zbog slo\u017eenog pravnog okvira, podjele\n\nnadle\u017enosti, birokratskih zahtjeva vi\u0161e institucija i nedostatka razumijevanja postupka\n\nazila i prate\u0107ih prava u razli\u010ditim fazama procesa. Sami pru\u017eaoci usluga \u010desto nisu\n\nupoznati s pravima koja proizlaze iz odre\u0111enog statusa.\n\n\n_\"Svaki put kad poku\u0161am ne\u0161to zavr\u0161iti, osje\u0107am se izgubljeno u lavirintu_\n_papirologije. Idem iz jedne kancelarije u drugu, a svaki put mi ka\u017eu ne\u0161to_\n_drugo. Ne znam gdje da idem ni \u0161ta da radim dalje.\"_\n\n\nregistraciju zahtjeva imaju ograni\u010den ili nikakav pristup zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi, naro\u010dito oni\n\nizvan Sarajeva. Posebno su pogo\u0111ene osobe kojima su potrebni specijalisti\u010dki tretmani\n\nza te\u0161ke bolesti.\n\n\npitanjima: nedovoljan broj za\u0161titara, u\u010destale kra\u0111e, nemogu\u0107nost zaklju\u010davanja soba,\n\nvelika fluktuacija korisnika i nedostatak opcije smje\u0161taja u sigurnim zonama.\n\n\n**NEADEKVATAN ODGOVOR NA RODNO ZASNOVANO NASILJE (RZN)** Pri prijavi rodno\n\nzasnovanog nasilja i nasilja u porodici lokalnoj policiji, tra\u017eioci azila i izbjeglice nailaze na\n\nizostanak odgovora, ili odgodu istog, \u0161to \u017ertve ostavlja bez adekvatne za\u0161tite i podr\u0161ke,\n\npove\u0107avaju\u0107i njihovu ranjivost i traume, te dovodi do osje\u0107aja nesigurnosti i nepovjerenja.\n\n\n_\"Bojim se u vlastitom domu. Obratila sam se policiji kada me partner_\n_povrijedio, ali nisu do\u0161li \u2013 ili su stigli prekasno. Kako da se osje\u0107am_\n_sigurno kad mi niko ne pomogne kad zatra\u017eim za\u0161titu? Ostajem sama s_\n_nasilnikom.\"_\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n###### Preporuke\n\n\n**Ubrzan i efikasan postupak azila:** Sektor za azil pri MSB-u treba (i) skratiti ukupno\n\ntrajanje postupka u skladu s rokovima iz Zakona o azilu; (ii) zakazivati dovoljan broj\n\nintervjua za registraciju i utvr\u0111ivanje statusa izbjeglice; (iii) omogu\u0107iti tra\u017eiocima azila da\n\nregistrovanjem zapo\u010dnu postupak na vlastitu inicijativu, bez \u010dekanja formalnog poziva;\n\n(iv) prioritetno rje\u0161avati predmete ranjivih osoba i onih s iskrenom namjerom da tra\u017ee\n\nza\u0161titu u Bosni i Hercegovini; te (v) pobolj\u0161ati kvalitet odluka o azilu dodjeljivanjem\n\nstatusa izbjeglice gdje je to primjereno, umjesto statusa supsidijarne za\u0161tite. Sudska vlast\n\ntreba preuzeti ulogu drugostepenog tijela u postupku azila i odlu\u010divati o su\u0161tini zahtjeva.\n\n\n_\"Cijela na\u0161a budu\u0107nost zavisi od trajanja postupka.\u201d_\n\n\n**Redovno i kulturolo\u0161ki osjetljivo pru\u017eanje informacija:** Pravni stru\u010dnjaci treba da\n\nbudu redovno prisutni u privremenim, azilantskim i izbjegli\u010dkim centrima, te na drugim\n\nmjestima gdje borave prisilno raseljene osobe, uz dodatnu obuku iz kulturolo\u0161ki\n\nosjetljivog pristupa. Tra\u017eioci azila trebaju barem mjese\u010dno dobivati a\u017eurirane informacije\n\n - statusu svog zahtjeva, jasno i jednostavno formulisane. UNHCR, zajedno s partnerima i\n\nrelevantnim vlastima (npr. imigracionim i azilantskim organima, grani\u010dnom policijom),\n\ntreba dodatno distribuirati jednostavne i vi\u0161ejezi\u010dne informativne materijale o procesu\n\nazila i pravnim statusima.\n\n\n**Administrativna pristupa\u010dnost:** MSB i MLJPI trebaju razmotriti redovne obuke za\n\npru\u017eaoce usluga o pravima i obavezama vezanim uz razli\u010dite pravne statuse.\n\n\n**Pristup zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi:** MSB treba pro\u0161iriti pristup primarnoj zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi na\n\ntra\u017eioce azila izvan azilantskog centra, kako je propisano Zakonom o azilu. Alternativno,\n\nentitetska/kantonalna ministarstva zdravstva trebaju uklju\u010diti tra\u017eioce azila u svoje zakone\n\n - zdravstvenom osiguranju i osiguravaju\u0107e planove.\n\n\n_\u201cMoj prioritet je da dobijem potrebnu medicinsku njegu.\"_\n\n\n4 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n\n**Sigurne zone za tra\u017eioce azila:** SPS treba uspostaviti sigurne zone s odgovaraju\u0107om\n\nsigurnosnom infrastrukturom i opremom za za\u0161titu li\u010dnih stvari te anga\u017eovati dodatne\n\nza\u0161titare kako bi se obezbjedilo sigurnije okru\u017eenje u PPC-ovima.\n\n\n**Sveobuhvatan odgovor na RZN:** U saradnji sa Timom UN-a u BiH, agencijama UNFPAi\n\nUN Women i drugim relevantnim akterima, UNHCR i partneri trebaju razmotriti\n\norganiziranje ciljnih sesija s policijom na kantonalnom nivou o reakciji na RZN, pravima\n\nosoba pod me\u0111unarodnom za\u0161titom i va\u017enosti adekvatne inkluzije. Relevantne institucije\n\n(Agencija za ravnopravnost spolova BiH i Gender centri) trebaju se uklju\u010diti i olak\u0161ati\n\novakve sesije. Me\u0111unarodna zajednica i nadle\u017eni organi trebaju podr\u017eati organizacije\n\ncivilnog dru\u0161tva koje rade sa pre\u017eivjelima RZN-a. Dr\u017eavne vlasti trebaju uvesti statisti\u010dke\n\npodatke o broju pre\u017eivjelih RZN-a, uklju\u010duju\u0107i prisilno raseljene osobe, kako bi se\n\nomogu\u0107ilo pra\u0107enje i adekvatniji odgovor.\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n# Lokalna integracija i uklju\u010divanje\n\n\n_\u201cJa sam Mahsa, 27-godi\u0161nja samohrana majka iz Irana. Nakon \u0161to sam_\n_podnijela zahtjev za azil u Bosni i Hercegovini, dobila sam status_\n_supsidijarne za\u0161tite. Po\u010dela sam tra\u017eiti posao, ali mi je jezi\u010dka barijera_\n_stvarala pote\u0161ko\u0107e, iako sam \u017eeljela u\u010diti. Nemam ni opciju \u010duvanja djece_\n_za moga sina, pa mogu tra\u017eiti samo poslove na pola radnog vremena._\n_Iako mi je supsidijarna za\u0161tita dala odre\u0111ena prava, i dalje se ne mogu_\n_spojiti s porodicom. Moja majka je bolesna i jo\u0161 je u Iranu, gdje nije_\n_sigurno, ali je ne mogu dovesti ovamo. Voljela bih pokrenuti posao s_\n_odje\u0107om, ali zbog nemogu\u0107nost putovanja i birokratske procedure_\n_osje\u0107am se zarobljeno.\u201d_ _[1]_\n\n\nTra\u017eioci azila i izbjeglice koji su u\u010destvovali u konsultacijama identifikovali su vi\u0161e izazova\n\nkoji ote\u017eavaju njihovu lokalnu integraciju u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ove prepreke spre\u010davaju\n\nekonomsku samostalnost, socijalnu uklju\u010denost i pristup osnovnim uslugama.\n\n###### Izazovi\n\n\nregistracije svog zahtjeva za azil prije nego \u0161to mogu pristupiti tr\u017ei\u0161tu rada. Osobe u\n\nizbjegli\u010dkoj situaciji (dr\u017eavljani Ukrajine s privremenim boravkom iz humanitarnih razloga\n\nu Bosni i Hercegovini) nemaju pravo na rad, \u0161to dodatno pove\u0107ava njihovu ekonomsku\n\nranjivost.\n\n\npri otvaranju bankovnih ra\u010duna, klju\u010dnih za zapo\u0161ljavanje, jer banke ne prihvataju njihove\n\nkartone tra\u017eioca azila kao va\u017ee\u0107e identifikacijske dokumente.\n\n\n_\"Banka mi ka\u017ee da karton tra\u017eioca azila nije dovoljan za otvaranje ra\u010duna._\n_To je poni\u017eavaju\u0107e; samo poku\u0161avam brinuti o sebi dok \u010dekam odluku o_\n_statusu, ali ne mogu raspolagati ni vlastitim novcem.\"_\n\n\n6 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n\ninstitucionalne podr\u0161ke za u\u010denje jezika i stru\u010dnu obuku. Zbog nedostatka dr\u017eavnog\n\nfinansiranja, podr\u0161ka je dostupna isklju\u010divo putem nevladinih i me\u0111unarodnih\n\norganizacija.\n\n\nne mogu putovati jer nemaju putne isprave, ne mogu se ponovo spojiti s porodicom i\n\nnemaju pravo podnijeti zahtjev za naturalizaciju.\n\n\n_\"Do\u0161la sam da pobjegnem od sukoba, ali sada ne mogu dovesti djecu da_\n_budu sa mnom. Sistem mi ne dozvoljava da se trajno nastanim pa sam_\n_zaglavljena izme\u0111u pro\u0161losti i budu\u0107nosti.\"_\n\n\nsamostalno izdr\u017eavanje, \u0161to neke navodi da odustanu od postupka azila i nastave sa\n\nsvojim putovanjem. Za razliku od dr\u017eava \u010dlanica EU i nekih zemalja u regionu, vlasti\n\nBosne i Hercegovine nisu dodijelile status \u201ePrivremene za\u0161tite\u201c dr\u017eavljanima Ukrajine koji\n\nbje\u017ee od rata, ve\u0107 su im odobrile privremeni boravak iz humanitarnih razloga, koji ne\n\nobezbje\u0111uje ista prava koje imaju druge izbjeglice (npr. pristup zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi i\n\nformalnom tr\u017ei\u0161tu rada).\n\n\nosim kolektivnih kapaciteta poput tranzitnih, azilantskih i izbjegli\u010dkih centara. Slaba\n\npovezanost s lokalnim zajednicama dovodi do socijalne isklju\u010denosti.\n\n\nza brigu o djeci, \u0161to samohrane roditelje sprije\u010dava da se zaposle i ekonomski integri\u0161u;\n\n\u017eene su posebno pogo\u0111ene.\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n###### Preporuke\n\n\n**Odr\u017eiva stambena rje\u0161enja** : MLJPI treba razmotriti podr\u0161ku inovativnim stambenim\n\nrje\u0161enjima za izbjeglice. MLJPI i lokalne administracije trebaju uskladiti propise o\n\nsocijalnom stanovanju kako bi izbjeglice bile obuhva\u0107ene kategorijom potencijalnih\n\nstanara. UNHCR treba razmotriti kratkoro\u010dnu nov\u010danu pomo\u0107 za smje\u0161taj najugro\u017eenijih.\n\n\n**Izmjene zakonodavstva za bolju lokalnu integraciju** : MSB, MLJPI i Ministarstvo\n\ncivilnih poslova trebaju zajedni\u010dki predstaviti put do naturalizacije, mogu\u0107nost dobijanja\n\nputnih isprava i spajanja porodice za osobe sa supsidijarnom za\u0161titom, kao i dodjelu\n\nJMB-a osobama pod supsidijarnom za\u0161titom. MSB treba skratiti devetomjese\u010dni period\n\n\u010dekanja na mogu\u0107nost zaklju\u010denja radnog ugovora za tra\u017eioce azila.\n\n\n_\u201cImam dobar posao, stan i volio bih dobiti dr\u017eavljanstvo Bosne i_\n_Hercegovine.\u201d_\n\n\n**Pro\u0161irenje prava za osobe u izbjegli\u010dkoj situaciji** : MSB treba pokrenuti inicijativu\n\nprema Vije\u0107u ministara BiH za dodjelu statusa Privremene za\u0161tite osobama u izbjegli\u010dkoj\n\nsituaciji (ukrajinskim dr\u017eavljanima s privremenim humanitarnim boravkom) koje u BiH\n\nborave du\u017ee od godinu dana.\n\n\n**Dr\u017eavna strategija integracije** : MLJPI treba voditi izradu nacionalne strategije\n\nintegracije i osigurati sredstva za njenu provedbu, kako je predvi\u0111eno Dr\u017eavnom\n\nstrategijom migracija i azila 2021\u2013 2025. Baza podataka razvijena pri MLJPI-u treba se\n\ndijeliti s ostalim relevantnim ministarstvima. Vlasti moraju osigurati sistemska rje\u0161enja i\n\nfinansiranje aktivnosti integracije \u2013 kursevi jezika, stru\u010dno osposobljavanje, podr\u0161ka\n\nobrazovanju, pristup zapo\u0161ljavanju, stanovanju, zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi, finansijska pomo\u0107 i\n\nostala prava vezana za status.\n\n\n_\"Sada kada sam nau\u010dila osnove jezika, otvaraju mi se nove mogu\u0107nosti za_\n_bolje zaposlenje. Profesorica sam informatike; mo\u017eda mogu raditi s_\n_ukrajinskom djecom izbjeglicama, ali i s djecom iz lokalne zajednice.\"_\n\n\n8 UNHCR / juni-lipanj 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA \u2013 GLASOVI TRA\u017dITELJA AZILA I IZBJEGLICA / IZVJE\u0160TAJ 2024\n\n\n**Saradnja s bankama:** MSB i MLJPI trebaju razmotriti saradnju s bankarskim sektorom\n\nkako bi tra\u017eioci azila i izbjeglice mogli otvarati ra\u010dune u svrhu zaposlenja, primanja\n\nograni\u010denih nov\u010danih naknada i nov\u010dane pomo\u0107i.\n\n\n**Saradnja s privatnim sektorom** : UNHCR treba istra\u017eiti mogu\u0107nosti zapo\u0161ljavanja\n\ntra\u017eilaca azila i izbjeglica u saradnji sa kompanijama.\n\n_\u201cAko dobijem posao, preseli\u0107u se u privatni smje\u0161taj i vi\u0161e ne\u0107u biti ovisan_\n\n_o podr\u0161ci koju sada primam u Privremenom prihvatnom centru.\u201d_\n\n\n**Promocija pozitivnih narativa o integraciji izbjeglica** : UNHCR i partneri trebaju u\n\nmedijima promovirati i dijeliti pozitivne pri\u010de o integraciji, prikazuju\u0107i tra\u017eioce azila i\n\nizbjeglice kao vrijedne \u010dlanove dru\u0161tva i potencijal za zajednicu.\n\n\n_\"Ovo je sada na\u0161 drugi dom. Ovo je na\u0161e mjesto stanovanja. [\u2026] Ljudi_\n_ovdje imaju iskustvo rata i imaju humanost u sebi.\"_\n\n\n**Uklju\u010divanje prisilno raseljene djece u sistem brige o djeci:** MLJPI treba promovisati\n\nuklju\u010divanje izbjegli\u010dke djece u op\u0107inske programe sufinansiranja tro\u0161kova brige o djeci,\n\npod istim uslovima koji va\u017ee za djecu dr\u017eavljana Bosne i Hercegovine.\n\n\nUNHCR Bosna i Hercegovina / juni-lipanj 2025 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2092c348-fbd6-576d-9063-dd3ba3849377/UNHCR%20BiH%20Participatory%20Assessment%20Report%202024%20_BSC.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_686/raw/doc_686_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_686/raw/doc_686_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e541ac7ce15adbb9f1137f0a2f8ea4a1a2d35546..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_686/raw/doc_686_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,239 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED** **SITUATIONS IN 2017**\n\n#### OCTOBER 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n# **UNHCR in 2017 \u2013 by the numbers**\n\nAs of September 2017, UNHCR\u2019s budget is at an historic high of $7.763 billion, which is\ncurrently 46% funded\n\n\n\nA 54% funding gap corresponds\nto $4.4 billion, which would have\na devastating impact on people\non concern and require UNHCR\nto radically prioritize its support\nfor critical needs.\n\n\n\nThis growth is concurrent with the\n\nunabated levels of global\n\ndisplacement, with 67.7 million\n\npeople of concern to UNHCR\n\nworldwide.\n\n\n\nThe funding gap is widening, now\nstanding at 54%. Based on\nindications received from donors and\nanalysis of funding trends, UNHCR\nestimates the gap may reduce to\n47% by year\u2019s end.\n\n\n## **Comparative analysis**\n\n###### **Budget and funds available as of September 2017 (compared to final 2016** **situation)**\n\n|Col1|2016|2017|Difference|%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Initial budget|6,546,288,000|7,309,704,000|763,416,000|12%|\n|Final/current budget*|7,509,703,000|7,763,257,000|253,554,000|3%|\n|_Voluntary contributions_|_3,967,095,654_|_3,313,601,144_|_653,494,510_|_-16%_|\n|Funds available**|4,410,812,000|4,214,600,000|-196,212,000|-4%|\n|**Funding gap**|**3,098,891,000**|**3,548,657,000**|**449,766,000**|**15%**|\n|**Funding gap against the**
**final/current budget (%)**|**41%**|**46%**||**5%**|\n\n\n\n**Sources**\nInitial and final/current budget figures from ExCom documents\n\n - A/AC.96/1158, 2 September 2016\n\n - Advance copy, 25 August 2017\n\n[* Budget increases in 2017 mainly due to 8 supplementary appeals (see http://reporting.unhcr.org/publications)](http://reporting.unhcr.org/publications)\n** Includes voluntary contributions; carryover; UN Regular Budget; other income and adjustments. For 2017, the data is\nend Aug. 2017.\n\n\nIn terms of fresh income in 2017, UNHCR has recorded $3,313,601,144 in voluntary contributions as of\n\n\nthe middle of September. This is virtually the same amount as was received at the same time last year,\n\n\ndespite the increase in requirements from 2016 to 2017 by 12 per cent. The lion\u2019s share of funding\u201491\n\n\nper cent (see below)\u2014has come from 21 donors, including private funding channelled through two of\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s National Partners (in Spain and the USA).\n\n\n2 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Budget and funds available", - "confidence": 0.9406524896621704, - "start": 158, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8494095206260681, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Initial and final/current budget figures", - "confidence": 0.5356972217559814, - "start": 435, - "end": 442 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6401576399803162, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5654957890510559, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n##### **Quantity and quality of funding**\n\n\nRegarding the **quality** of funding, 2017 has seen the continued trend of an overall decline of unearmarked\n\n\nor broadly earmarked funding.\n\n\nIn 2017 to date, 14 per cent of voluntary contributions\u2014$457 million\u2014have been unearmarked. In\n\n\npercentage terms, this correlates closely to the amount received in 2016, but in dollar terms is quite\n\n\nsignificantly less\u2014some $105 million less, albeit with a quarter of the year still to come. Critically, 78 per\n\n\ncent of UNHCR\u2019s unearmarked funding was received in the first quarter of the year. This is a vital indication\n\n\nof timeliness, providing UNHCR with valuable flexibility.\n\n\nThe pace of contributions this year\u2014between February and August\u2014has been slower than that of 2016.\n\n\nAs of September, the level of contributions had almost reached that of 2016. However, this needs to be\n\n\nput in perspective: UNHCR\u2019s budget is higher than 2016\u2019s.\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n\nBroadly earmarked funding\u2014that is, funding that can be used flexibly across a region or situation\u2014\n\n\naccounts for 19 per cent of income to date, or $643 million. By the end of 2016, broadly earmarked funding\n\n\naccounted for 20 per cent of income, or $793.4 million.\n\n\nMuch of UNHCR\u2019s earmarked funding is income earmarked to the country, operational, sectoral or\n\n\nthematic level. Some $2.2 billion in earmarked funding has been received to date. This accounts for 67\n\n\nper cent of overall income, a rise from the 65 per cent received in 2016. About 45 per cent of UNHCR\u2019s\n\n\nfunding is income to the country or operational level, a slight rise in the 43 per cent recorded in 2016 and,\n\n\nas such, the continuation of an overall positive trend of earmarking away from the sectoral level.\n\n\nUNHCR also recorded over $325 million in multiyear funding\u2014defined as contributions for which the\n\n\nimplementation period is over 12 months\u2014of which 7 per cent is unearmarked, 16 per cent is broadly\n\n\nearmarked, and 77 per cent is earmarked. Of the total amount, $226 million is for 2018. Again, this is a\n\n\nvaluable indicator of predictability and flexibility.\n\n\n4 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n## **Source of funding to date***\n\n###### **Quality and quantity of funding from donors contributing over $20 million**\n\n\n**United States of**\n - 479,240,000 930,617,181 1,409,857,181\n**America**\n\n**European Union** - - 416,541,786 416,541,786\n\n**Germany** 12,273,212 74,015,070 215,924,102 302,212,385\n\n**Japan** 24,850,314 2,688,654 116,570,806 144,109,773\n\n**Sweden** 76,078,687 6,084,744 22,994,576 105,158,007\n\n**Canada** 9,251,101 10,809,522 59,672,930 79,733,553\n\n**Norway** 40,887,850 8,581,701 26,289,438 75,758,990\n\n**Netherlands** 52,154,195 - 3,904,858 56,059,053\n\n**United Kingdom** - - 54,273,266 54,273,266\n\n**Denmark** 22,831,050 6,744,583 23,816,144 53,391,777\n\n**Private donors in Spain** 41,230,998 2,989,582 2,547,487 46,768,068\n\n**Australia** 18,670,650 - 19,153,366 37,824,015\n\n**France** 14,000,000 2,171,553 20,996,072 37,167,625\n\n**Italy** 10,078,387 - 23,726,269 33,804,656\n\n**Switzerland** 14,792,899 - 15,527,072 30,319,972\n\n**Private donors in the**\n1,763,774 42,713 27,135,348 28,941,835\n**Netherlands**\n\n**Private donors in Qatar** - 1,000 26,353,578 26,354,578\n\n**CERF** - - 25,431,947 25,431,947\n\n**Private donors in the**\n20,040,491 2,323,071 357,238 22,720,799\n**Republic of Korea**\n\n**Private donors in the**\n13,374,769 1,158,088 6,853,236 21,386,094\n**USA**\n\n**Private donors in Japan** 10,299,732 937,417 8,818,656 20,055,805\n\n\n\n\n\n**84%** **93%** **93%** **91%**\n\n\n\n**Subtotal from donors**\n**contributing over**\n**$20 million as**\n**percentage of total**\n**funding**\n\n\n\n**Total funding** **456,611,530** **643,553,488** **2,213,436,126** **3,313,601,144**\n\n\n*** All data as of 8 September 2017**\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n## **Priorities for resource mobilisation for** **the remainder of 2017**\n\n\nUNHCR takes as basic principles in its fundraising that funds be raised first and foremost for prioritised\n\n\nactivities, and that the funds raised are as flexible as possible given the range of locations, contexts and\n\n\nthemes within which the Office works. Put simply, the preferences for income would be as follows.\n\n\n- Unearmarked funding is the priority for resource mobilisation. Contributed without restrictions on its\n\n\nuse, unearmarked funding allows UNHCR the critical flexibility in how best to reach refugees and other\n\n\npopulations of concern in the greatest need and at the greatest risk.\n\n\n- Secondly, funding which is broadly earmarked at the situational or regional level: meaning, funding\n\n\nthat can be used across the range of countries and activities in a given region or situation in accordance\n\n\nwith the priorities and activities identified by UNHCR.\n\n\n- Thirdly, funding which is earmarked at the country or operational level. Funding of this type allows\n\n\nUNHCR to allocated funding to its planned activities within a country in a context specific manner.\n\n\n- Fourthly, funding which is earmarked to the sectoral or thematic level. This is the most restrictive level\n\n\nof funding.\n\n\n- Ideally, all funds raised should be flexible in their implementation period; meaning, UNHCR should be\n\n\nable to carry funds to the following year. This will enable the smooth continuation of activities, make\n\n\noperations more predictable, and avoid situations of UNHCR receiving funds it may not able to spend\n\n\nwithin the calendar year.\n\n\n- Lastly, when considering it is now the fourth quarter, income which is received as early as possible in\n\n\nthe new year is vital.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n## **Situation overviews**\n\n\nOverleaf are one-page overviews of the top six most underfunded Situations in terms of core\npriorities. As a summary, below are some of the main implications of a continued lack of funding on\npeople of concern in these six priority Situations.\n\n\n**Implications for a lack of additional funding\u2026**\n\n\n - 175,000 IDPs will remain without core relief times.\n\n - UNHCR will not be able to set up sustainable water supplies for refugees in Uganda,\n\n\n\n**South Sudan**\n\n\n**Somalia**\n\n\n**Syria**\n\n\n\nwhere many still rely on water trucking with 14.5 litres per person day \u2013 levels below\n\nemergency standards.\n\n- 211,000 women and girls in Sudan are currently without sanitary materials.\n\n- 330,782 children in Uganda and 91,000 children in Sudan are out of school.\n\n- Restricted support for voluntary returns of Somalis from Kenya, in line with the\n\n\u201cTripartite Agreement\u201d.\n\n- Activities to promote reintegration and self-reliance will not be fully implemented.\n\n- Winterization assistance packages (cash, heating items and shelter insulation) will not\n\nbe provided.\n\n- Multipurpose cash for the most vulnerable will not be issued, with cash assistance cut\n\nor reduced as of October.\n\n- Primary and secondary health care needs will go unmet.\n\n- Shelter upgrades and repairs, drainage and infrastructure improvements in camps in\n\nJordan and Iraq will not be implemented.\n\n- Protection interventions will suffer or be curtailed.\n\n\n\n\n - 91,000 IDPs risk being without core relief times.\n**CAR**\n\n - 20,000 IDP households will remain without shelter assistance.\n\n\n\n**Afghan**\n\n\n**Burundi**\n\n\n\n\n- Winterization cash assistance for 140,000 vulnerable individuals in areas with extreme\n\nweather risks not being distributed.\n\n- Community Based Protection measures\u2014critical for the sustainable reintegration of\n\nreturnees and mitigating secondary displacement\u2014or 70,000 households in 21\n\nlocations of high return and displacement may be discontinued.\n\n- Urgent assistance to 9,000 people with specific needs may go undelivered.\n\n- 15,500 refugees in Rwanda will remain living under deteriorated emergency plastic\n\ncommunal hangars.\n\n- 50% of cooking firewood needs in Rwanda will go unmet, with implications for\n\nwomen\u2019s safety and children\u2019s nutrition.\n\n- Camp drainage systems, needed to avoid run-off of water in the host community and\n\nenvironmental degradation, will not be constructed.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n\n#### **SOUTH SUDAN SITUATION** **2 million 63% 2.13 million**\n\n**South Sudanese refugees hosted in in** **Of South Sudanese** **South Sudanese refugees**\n\n\n\n**Of South Sudanese**\n\n\n\n**South Sudanese refugees**\n\n\n\n**the region, including approximately**\n**575,000 new refugee arrivals in 2017**\n\n\n\n**refugees**\n**are children**\n\n\n\n**expected to be**\n**hosted in the region by the of**\n\n**2017**\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\nRenewed violence in South Sudan, compounded by drought and the threat of famine, has led to **the world\u2019s**\n**fastest growing refugee situation** . An estimated 7.5 million people are in need of urgent humanitarian\nassistance inside South Sudan, including some 2 million IDPs. Complicating matters, close to 275,200 refugees\nare living in South Sudan.\n\n\nAround 2 million South Sudanese have fled the country. Uganda\u2014where the number of refugees from South\nSudan has now reached one million people\u2014is the largest host country in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by\nEthiopia, Sudan, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. Refugees from\nSouth Sudan have been granted prima facie refugee status by these countries, demonstrating strong\ncommitment to refugee protection despite limited national resources.\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners are continuing to support host Governments to maintain their exceptional open door\napproach towards people fleeing conflict, and to provide adequate protection and assistance. **Essential service**\n**delivery is prioritized** to ensure refugees have life-saving and life-sustaining support.\n\n\nThe **Uganda Solidarity Summit on Refugees in June 2017 provided an opportunity to mobilize**\n**international support and funding** . However, without further funding and support, UNHCR will struggle to\ndeliver life-saving assistance and provide even the most basic aid. The funding shortfall will affect UNHCR\u2019s\noperations particularly in the following areas: 175,000 IDPs will not receive core relief items, South Sudanese\nrefugees in Uganda will not have access to sustainable water supply, over 211,000 women and girls will not\nreceive sanitary materials\n\n**Donors to the South Sudan Situation**\n\n\n\nBroadly earmarked funding \u2013\nFinland; Germany; Ireland;\nNorway; Pooled funds\n\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\nEarmarked funding - AU; Australia;\nBelgium; Canada; CERF; Denmark;\nEU; France; Germany; IGAD; Ireland;\nJapan; Luxembourg; Norway; Pooled\nFunds; Private donors; Spain; Sweden;\nUNDP; USA\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked contributions is\nprovisional and as at mid-August. Allocations will change based on\nevolving needs and contributions throughout the year\n\n\n8 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n#### **SOMALIA SITUATION**\n\n\n#### **900,000 28,700 1.5 million**\n\n**Somali refugees** **Somali refugees supported to return** **People displaced**\n\n\n\n**Somali refugees supported to return**\n\n\n\n**People displaced**\n\n\n\n**in the region**\n\n\n\n**home from Kenya**\n\n\n\n**within Somalia**\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\nMore than two million Somalis are currently displaced by a conflict that has lasted over two decades. An estimated\n1.5 million people are internally displaced in Somalia and nearly 900,000 are refugees in the near region, in\nKenya, Yemen and Ethiopia.\n\nThe ongoing process of political and security stabilization in Somalia presents a critical moment in **renewing**\n**efforts to finding durable solutions for Somali refugees**, whilst maintaining the protection space in countries\nof asylum and responding effectively to the drought that is increasing the risk of famine-induced displacement in\nthe region.\n\nThe Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees and Reintegration of Returnees in Somalia\u2014\nadopted by a special summit of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development Assembly in March 2017\u2014\nendorsed a **comprehensive regional approach** to deliver durable solutions for Somali refugees while\nmaintaining protection and promoting self-reliance in countries of asylum and calling for greater international\nsolidarity. UNHCR aims to reinforce asylum and protection in the region while also renewing efforts to find durable\nand sustainable solutions, including support infrastructure and stabilization in Somalia to ensure sustainable\nreintegration.\n\n**In hosting countries**, the Office will address the return and reintegration needs of 50,000 Somali refugees\nreturning from Kenya and 10,000 returning from Yemen, as well as the emergency pre-famine response in\nSomalia for 250,000 most vulnerable newly displaced, including drought-related outflows of Somalis to\nneighbouring countries. From January to June 2017, UNHCR supported the return of over 28,700 Somali\nrefugees from Kenya and provided them an enhanced return package and cash based interventions to restore\ntheir lives in Somalia.\n\n\n\nBroadly earmarked funding Germany; Private donors\n\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\n**Donors to the Somali Situation**\n\nEarmarked funding - Belgium;\nCERF; EU; France; Germany;\nIGAD; Ireland; Italy; Japan;\nNetherlands; Private donors; UK;\nUN Peacebuilding Fund; USA\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked contributions is\nprovisional and as at mid-August. Allocations will change based on\nevolving needs and contributions throughout the year\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n\n#### **SYRIA SITUATION** **5.1 million 70% 6.1 million**\n\n**Syrian refugees hosted in** **Of people in need are woman and** **Estimated displaced people**\n\n\n\n**Of people in need are woman and**\n\n\n\n**Estimated displaced people**\n\n\n\n**neighbouring countries**\n\n\n\n**children**\n\n\n\n**within Syria**\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\nThe war in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) entered its seventh year in March 2017. Over 5.1 million people have\nfled Syria, seeking safety in Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey. Refugees have grown increasingly\nvulnerable\u2014with the vast majority living below the poverty line and facing difficulties in accessing services and\nproviding food, housing, healthcare and other basic needs for their families.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s response to the **needs of Syrian refugees and IDPs** is **critically underfunded**, with additional\ncontributions required to avoid dramatic cuts to essential and life-saving services to Syrians in the last quarter of\nthe year. For example, without urgent funding up to 300,000 vulnerable Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Jordan and\nIraq may not receive cash assistance from October onwards. Other needs that will go unmet across the region\ninclude life-saving healthcare interventions, winter assistance, prevention and response to SGBV and child\nprotection cases and shelter upgrades, as well as support to the 50,000 persons stranded in dire conditions at the\nBerm between Jordan and Syria.\n\n\n**Inside Syria**, where there are 6.1 million IDPs, the security situation is fluid, with complex patterns of continuing\ndisplacement and some areas of relative stability emerging. Between January and July 2017, over 600,000 IDPs\nand 26,300 refugees reportedly returned spontaneously to their homes. UNHCR is scaling up its response, primarily\nin light of the potential spontaneous return of larger numbers of IDPs and, in time, of refugees. UNHCR will expand\nits **humanitarian and protection response** to monitor return movements, improve shelter conditions, and assist\nin the rehabilitation of social infrastructure and basic essential services. At the same time, UNHCR Syria urgently\nneeds funding for priority interventions responding to new and ongoing displacements such as from Ar-Raqqa,\nincluding for core relief items and shelter interventions; protection interventions; access to basic services such as\nprimary health care; winter assistance; and for livelihood opportunities, through UNHCR\u2019s network of 69 community\ncentres\n\n**Donors to the Syria Situation**\n\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\nEarmarked funding - AU; Australia; Broadly earmarked funding \u2013\nBelgium; Canada; CERF; Denmark; Denmark; Finland; Germany;\nEU; France; Germany; IGAD; Ireland; Iceland; Ireland; Isle of Man;\nJapan; Luxembourg; Norway; Pooled Japan; Norway; Philippines;\nFunds; Private donors; Spain; Sweden; Private donors; Russian\nUNDP; USA; Federation; Spain; Sweden; USA\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked contributions is\nprovisional and as at mid-August. Allocations will change based on\nevolving needs and contributions throughout the year\n\n\n10 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n#### **CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION**\n\n\n#### **513,686 35,630 592,254**\n\n**Central African refugees hosted and** **Central African refugees have** **IDPs within CAR**\n\n\n\n**IDPs within CAR**\n\n\n\n**registered in the sub-region**\n\n\n\n**Central African refugees have**\n**spontaneously returned to CAR**\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\n**Renewed violence** in south-east and central CAR **has triggered new displacement within the country during**\n**the last months** . One in every five Central Africans is now either internally displaced or has fled to a neighbouring\ncountry, the number of IDPs **increased by more than 25 per cent** to over half a million, while small numbers of\nrefugees **continued to spontaneously return** from neighbouring countries throughout the year. In August 2017, the\nnumber of Central African refugees in neighbouring countries reached the highest number of Central African refugees\nseen since the start of the crisis in 2013.\n\n\nIn response to the widespread displacement in CAR, **UNHCR has expanded its field presence to new areas where**\n**possible** and maintains a constant presence and emphasis on protection and camp coordination and camp\nmanagement. The Office assists people with shelter and non-food items, however, although deliveries by air have\nbeen delayed or blocked by armed groups hampering humanitarian access.\n\n\nIn hosting countries, **UNHCR provides life-saving assistance and protection to new arrivals** . Their immediate\nneeds also include health care and nutrition, shelter and education. The situation is unfolding at a time when **CAR**\n**faces an already dire humanitarian situation amidst a funding crunch** . Given the challenges of responding to\nhumanitarian needs at such a scale and across the entire region, early and adequate contributions are vital to ensure\ntimely and planned delivery of protection and aid programmes. The lack of funding available will severely affect\nUNHCR\u2019s operations, for instance in CAR 91,000 IDPs will remain without core relief items, and 20,000 IDP\nhouseholds will remain without shelter assistance\n\n\n**Donors to the CAR Situation**\n\n\n\nBroadly earmarked funding Ireland; Private donors\n\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\nEarmarked funding \u2013 EU; France;\nGermany; Pooled Funds; Private donors;\nUK\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked contributions is provisional\nand as at mid-August. Allocations will change based on evolving needs and\ncontributions throughout the year\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n\n#### **AFGHANISTAN SITUATION** **2.3 million 49,000 1.8 million**\n\n**Registered Afghan refugees** **Afghan refugees returned and** **Estimated people displaced**\n\n\n\n**Afghan refugees returned and**\n\n\n\n**Estimated people displaced**\n\n\n\n**hosted in the**\n**Islamic Republics of**\n\n**Iran and Pakistan**\n\n\n\n**assisted upon arrival in**\n**Afghanistan from January-August**\n**2017. Over half the returnees were**\n\n**under 18 years**\n\n\n\n**across Afghanistan,**\n**including 200,000 new**\n\n**people displaced**\n**as of mid-September 2017**\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\nThe \u201c **Solutions strategy for Afghan refugees to support voluntary repatriation, sustainable**\n**reintegration and assistance to host countries** \u201d remains the overarching framework for solutions to\nAfghan displacement. Given the country\u2019s limited absorption capacity and ongoing violence, UNHCR did\nnot promote refugee returns to Afghanistan. However, in accordance with its mandate, the Office\nsupported those who chose to return, including through a cash grant to facilitate reintegration. Since the\nbeginning of 2017, UNHCR supported over 49,000 refugee returnees. UNHCR continues to advocate\nwith the Government of Afghanistan and the international community to redouble their efforts to create\nconditions for sustainable return.\n\n\nIn the Islamic Republic of Iran, UNHCR supported the expansion of refugees\u2019 access to healthcare\nthrough the universal public health insurance scheme. As of the end of July 2017, some 125,700 refugees\nwere registered in the scheme, giving them access to the same level of services as Iranian nationals.\n\n\nThe lack of funding will have severe consequences in particular in Afghanistan, where 140,000 people\nrisk not receiving winterization cash assistance and community-based protection measures will not be\nimplemented for 70,000 households in 21 locations. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, some 160,000\nvulnerable refugees will not have access to health assistance. In Pakistan, accelerated education\nprogrammes will not be implemented and some 781,000 people of concern in 54 refugee villages will not\nhave access to critical and child health care services.\n\n\n**Donors to the Afghanistan Situation**\n\n\n\nBroadly earmarked funding \u2013\nUSA\n\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\nEarmarked funding - Australia; China;\nDenmark; EU; France; Germany; Japan;\nNorway; Private donors; Russian\nFederation; Switzerland\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked contributions is\nprovisional and as at mid-August. Allocations will change based on evolving\nneeds and contributions throughout the year\n\n\n12 UNHCR / October 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.8839373588562012, - "start": 32, - "end": 35 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9405642151832581, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7261949777603149, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8014438152313232, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.913948118686676, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "HIGHLIGHTED UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2017\n\n\n#### **BURUNDI SITUATION** **419,000 61% 534,000**\n\n**Burundian refugees and asylum** **of Burundian** **Expected Burundian**\n\n\n\n**Expected Burundian**\n\n\n\n**seekers** **who have fled**\n\n**since 1 April 2015**\n\n\n\n**of Burundian**\n\n**refugees**\n**are children**\n\n\n\n**refugees**\n**by the end of 2017**\n\n\n\n\n|OVERALL FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS|FUNDING GAP|FUNDING*|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n\n\n\nSince the outbreak of civil conflict in April 2015, some 419,000 Burundian refugees have sought and been granted\nrefuge mainly in United Republic of Tanzania, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda,\nincluding **over 52,500 Burundian refugees between January and June 2017** . The human rights situation inside\nBurundi remains volatile with an estimated 209,200 people displaced in nine provinces within the country.\n\n**In host countries**, UNHCR provides protection and emergency assistance to new arrivals while improving\nconditions in the camps, while seeking avenues to improve livelihoods for refugees and host communities.\nNevertheless, host countries **whose capacity is already overstretched**, particularly in the United Republic of\nTanzania, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, require continuous support to provide assistance\nto the growing needs of the refugee population. The regional Refugee Response Plan has been revised.\n\nIn parallel, joint verification exercises conducted by the Government of Burundi, UNHCR and partners **have**\n**showed a number of spontaneous returns** and, although conditions are not conducive, up to 50,000 people are\nexpected to return spontaneously by the end of 2017 and will require assistance to reintegrate. As some refugees\nhave expressed the wish to return to Burundi, UNHCR and the United Republic of Tanzania will ensure the\nvoluntary nature of such returns and that all safeguards for protection are met.\n\nThe **Burundi situation continues to be severely under-funded**, and is one of the most underfunded refugee\nemergencies in the world. This is severely hampering reception capacities, straining asylum space, and the quality\nof protection rendered by host countries. For example, 15,500 refugees in Rwanda are still living in deteriorated\nemergency plastic communal hangars; 50 per cent of cooking firewood needs are not met; camp drainage systems\nare needed to avoid run-off of water in the host community.\n\n\n\n*** FUNDING**\n\n\n\n**Donors to the Burundi Situation**\n\nEarmarked funding - African Union;\nBelgium; Denmark; EU; France;\nGermany; Private donors; Sweden;\nThe Global Fund; UK; USA\n\n\n\nBroadly earmarked\nfunding \u2013 Germany,\nSweden\n\n\n\nUnearmarked funding - Allocation of unearmarked\ncontributions is provisional and as at mid-August.\nAllocations will change based on evolving needs and\ncontributions throughout the year\n\n\nUNHCR / October 2017 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/248f7fb1-ca3b-32d2-ab36-4b4fef08d071/UNHCR%20Brochure%20on%20Underfunded%20Situations%20in%202017%20-%20October%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_687/raw/doc_687_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_687/raw/doc_687_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 11855e8629745e672d8683680cd20f59e9d7dee3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_687/raw/doc_687_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,260 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PROTECTION BRIEF BULGARIA\n\n#### MIXED AND ONWARD MOVEMENTS MAY 2025\n\n_Children studying in a Harmanli school \u00a9 UNHCR/Dobrin Kashavelov Around 80 per cent of unaccompanied and separated children disappear, likely moving onward._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "zone as an EU Member State positioned on its external borders, lifting internal land borders with\nRomania. The evolving political and socio-economic landscape in Bulgaria, with a coalition\ngovernment established in in January 2025, poses challenges for asylum seekers and refugees from\nSyria, Afghanistan and from countries in the Middle East and North Africa. In 2024, Bulgaria received\n12,250 applications for asylum compared to 22,518 in 2023, representing a 45.6% decrease. The\nlargest group of asylum-seekers were Syrian nationals (7,646 or 62.42%) followed by Afghanistan and\nMorocco. Pushback practices, which involve forcing asylum-seekers to return to another country\nwithout considering their protection needs, remain an important concern. While Bulgaria reported\nalmost 180,000 instances of prevented entry through its borders in 2023, this was slightly more than\n55,000 in 2024, representing 69.35% decrease. This coincides with a 78% decrease in the number of\npersons involved in mixed movements in the Western Balkan route, primarily through Greece. [1]\n\n\nIn this context, to better understand the profiles, needs and experiences of refugees, asylum seekers\nand others involved in mixed movements, UNHCR Bulgaria and its partner Bulgarian Helsinki\nCommittee (BHC) have participated in the [Regional Protection Monitoring](https://data.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/425?sv=41&geo=0) through 2024. [2] From\nFebruary to December 2024, 1,756 interviews were conducted in Bulgaria, mainly in reception and\ndetention centres. [.] This brief presents the main findings of these interviews.\n## Key figures\n\n\n1 Frontex, [Irregular border crossings into EU drop sharply in 2024, January 2025.](https://www.frontex.europa.eu/media-centre/news/news-release/irregular-border-crossings-into-eu-drop-sharply-in-2024-oqpweX)\n[2 UNHCR, Mixed Movements in South Eastern Europe, December 2024.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113053)\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / March 2025** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9890453815460205, - "start": 239, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Bulgarian Helsinki\nCommittee", - "confidence": 0.514697790145874, - "start": 228, - "end": 231 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6859779953956604, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7713139653205872, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9707315564155579, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees, asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.6749817728996277, - "start": 212, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Challenges Along the Route\n\nAmong those interviewed, 13% mentioned that they had previously been prevented from entering\nBulgaria on at least one occasion, and 7% of respondents experiencing some form of violence or\nmistreatment in the process. Of the 13% prevented from entering Bulgaria without consideration of\ntheir international protection needs, 50% experienced several pushbacks, with a maximum number of\n12 attempts to enter Bulgaria. 35% experienced prevention of movement in the previous country\nwhile attempting to enter Bulgaria. Based on the monitoring of borders and interviews with asylum\nseekers in detention, this included persons who were pushed back to Serbia from other EU Member\nStates and then deported to Bulgaria.\n\n\nIn many instances, denial of entry is carried out without legal and procedural safeguards and not\nfollowing procedures aimed at identifying asylum-seekers and persons with specific needs. This is\nnotable among populations with a higher likelihood of needing international protection (see below).\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / March 2025** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring of borders", - "confidence": 0.9540088176727295, - "start": 98, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8756086826324463, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8984547853469849, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum\nseekers", - "confidence": 0.6664121150970459, - "start": 104, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Most respondents (72.4%) reported that they were forced to flee their country of origin due to\ninsecurity, threats to their life, and discrimination. This was true for almost 85% of the Syrian\nrespondents, with the rest referring to family reunification in Bulgaria or in another EU country (3%),\nand lack of access to basic services and limited employment opportunities (10%) as their top reason\nfor their journey.\n\n\n92% of the respondents were informed about their right to apply for asylum in Bulgaria by the time\nof the interview. 89% of the respondents had access to legal counseling and assistance, which was\nprovided by UNHCR partners and other civil society actors. In the case of unaccompanied children,\nthey received legal assistance from Bulgarian Helsinki Committee under UNHCR partnership to access\nthe procedures, including from detention facilities, and have received state-provided free legal aid and\nrepresentation in the course of their asylum procedures by the National Bureau for Legal Aid.\n\n\n97% of respondents reported applying for asylum in Bulgaria, with 70% waiting for a decision at the\ntime of the interview, 18% reported being granted international protection, mostly subsidiary\nprotection. And the remaining 12% of individuals who reported applying for asylum stated that their\napplications were rejected. Of those interviewed, 3% reported not applying for asylum, largely due to\nunawareness of the application process (64%), plans to move elsewhere and not needing asylum (8%).\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / March 2025** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "79% of the respondents stated that they are willing to permanently stay in Bulgaria, if theyare granted\nlegal status and assisted with family reunification. This finding suggests that Bulgaria is not merely a\ntransit country from the perspective of asylum-seekers. According to a [participatory assessment](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108386)\nUNHCR conducted in 2023, 47% of respondents stated that they would like to establish their lives\nin Bulgaria until they can return to safety in their countries of origin. These findings suggest that poor\nreception conditions, [3] including administrative barriers to accessing essential services such as health\ncare and education, as well as limited opportunities for employment and incomes that do not support\ndecent living conditions, are among the primary motivators of onward movements.\n\n\nFor instance, without a valid identity document, recognized refugees are not able to open bank\naccounts, which in turn prevents their employment in the formal labour market. Refugees have limited\naccess to social protection due to legal and administrative barriers, which often requires litigation\nbefore an administrative court to overturn the decision rejecting their application with the Agency\nfor Social Assistance. 76% of the respondents in the 2024 protection monitoring interviews were\naccommodated in the reception centres at the time of the interview. While 98% of the respondents\nhad access to basic health care provided in these centres, 48% felt very safe and only 28% had food\nthree times a day.\n\n\n**In focus - Syria:** 62% of Syrian nationals reported that they were displaced from their country due to\nthreats to their lives, while slightly more than 26% reported generalized violence and discrimination\nbeing the main reason for their displacement. 9% attributed their decision to leave Syria due to lack\nof access to basic services and 3% to seeking family reunification. 82,5% of the Syrian respondents\nwere educated. 86% of Syrian respondents were willing to stay in Bulgaria until they can return to\nsafety, provided they have access to assistance, for instance education and employment, while only\n6% intended to move onwards to another country. 96% of Syrian respondents applied for asylum in\nBulgaria. Almost 3 per cent of respondents from Syrian were children. In 2024, there were 1,448\nunaccompanied children from Syria applying for international protection in Bulgaria within the year,\nwith a refugee recognition rate of 0,3 per cent, and humanitarian status rate of 57 per cent (166\nunaccompanied children granted international protection, with 124 being rejected). Exacerbated by\nadverse reception conditions such as limited access to the national child protection system and social\ncare, limited education and personal development opportunities, and lack of integration prospects,\nthe factors underlying onward movements to other EU countries is particularly concerning for\nunaccompanied children, exposing them to the risk of abuse and exploitation, including trafficking.\n\n\n[3 See also: The Ombudsman of the Republic of Bulgaria, Report of the National Preventive Mechanism on inspections carried out in](https://www.ombudsman.bg/storage/pub/files/20250129131101_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%202024%20(1).pdf)\n[structures of the Ministry of Interior and the State Agency for Refugees, January 2024 (only available in BG).](https://www.ombudsman.bg/storage/pub/files/20250129131101_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%202024%20(1).pdf)\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / March 2025** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory assessment", - "confidence": 0.9900340437889099, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9822337031364441, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.9903074502944946, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.637198805809021, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9976293444633484, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8434740304946899, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring interviews", - "confidence": 0.9803715348243713, - "start": 211, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9891464710235596, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7761989831924438, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national child protection system", - "confidence": 0.9496275186538696, - "start": 475, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.5495927333831787, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6984995007514954, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5654005408287048, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian respondents", - "confidence": 0.581681489944458, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**In focus - Afghanistan:** The majority of Afghan nationals (98.5%) reported they were forced to flee\nbecause of insecurity, threats to their life, or discrimination. Only 10% of the Afghan respondents did\nnot consider Bulgaria as a potential country where they can seek protection and establish lives until\n[they can safely return to Afghanistan at the time of the interview. However, UNHCR observes](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/115014) that\nvery low recognition rates in Bulgaria (10% of those staying in Bulgarian until the end of their\nprocedures, compared to 47% EU average) contribute to the propensity of Afghan asylum seekers\nand refugees to move onwards to other EU countries. In 2024, 1,969 Afghan nationals absconded\nwhile their asylum application was pending, including 625 unaccompanied children, whose cases were\nterminated.\n\n## Calls to Action\n\n\n_**UNHCR recommends the Government of Bulgaria to:**_\n\n\n - Introduce protection-sensitive entry and admission procedures. Ensure that vulnerable\npersons are identified and referred to the protection systems and procedures, in particular\nunaccompanied children, women at risk, persons with disabilities, victims of trafficking, people\nundergoing trauma, and stateless persons. Swift screening and admission of persons wishing\nto claim international protection is necessary to ensure effective access to asylum procedures\nin line with international and European law.\n\n\n - Scale up efforts to establish an independent national monitoring mechanism to ensure that\nBulgaria\u2019s human rights obligations are consistently upheld in managing its borders and\nallegations of misconduct are investigated. UNHCR has presented its recommendations on\nsuch a mechanism in the context of the national implementation of the EU Pact on Migration\nand Asylum.\n\n\n - Promote the inclusion of international protection beneficiaries in the national protection\nsystems and essential services and ensuring their integration in line with the requirements of\nthe Common European Asylum System, including facilitating access to livelihood\nopportunities, language courses, and promoting social cohesion. Such an approach, in line with\nBulgaria\u2019s commitments, can mitigate the protection risks of onward movement and its impact\non the EU protection and migration systems.\n\n\n - Establish legal pathways for safe and orderly movement of forcibly displaced and stateless\npersons, including resettlement and measures to ensure the viability and accessibility of\nregular pathways, such as family reunification, education pathways, and labour mobility\nopportunities.\n\n\n_**END.**_\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria / March 2025** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1a47a28f-df4b-58dc-953d-318598f0f10b/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20-%20Brief%208.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_688/raw/doc_688_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_688/raw/doc_688_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6534b0bc310625ae55b7e184a8f61c6e28121364..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_688/raw/doc_688_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PROTECTION BRIEF BULGARIA\n\n### INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES JANUARY 2025\n\n_International Protection beneficiaries taking part in Bulgarian language classes at the Compass Centre in Plovdiv \u00a9 UNHCR/Dobrin Kashavelov_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n## Operational Context\n\n\nFrom 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, the State Agency for Refugees (SAR) received\n12,250 applications for international protection including 2,601 from unaccompanied children.\n8,090 total decisions on international protection status were made in 2024; additionally, 7,301\ncases were terminated as the applicants deemed to have absconded or have moved onwards\nthrough the EU.1 Refugee status was granted to 56 persons, while 4,894 persons received\nsubsidiary protection. Additionally, 1,525 individuals, including applicants from the Russian\nFederation, were rejected in accelerated procedures as manifestly unfounded, and 1,615 were\nrejected in regular procedures.This brief examines the current situation related to the\nprocedure for granting international protection in Bulgaria, highlighting the progress achieved\ntowards ensuring fair and efficient procedures, incorporating the relevant international and EU\nstandards and safeguards, and outlining remaining challenges. The brief aims to support\nBulgaria in aligning its policies its human rights and refugee law obligations and with the\nnational implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum with respect to the asylum\nprocedures. In Bulgaria, the recognition rates in deciding asylum applications are significantly\nlower than in other EU Member States, in particular for Afghan refugees and asylum-seekers,\nother than those by Syrian nationals (see below).\nin Syria in December, Bulgaria has continued to process asylum applications while following\n\n## Key Figures (Data: State Agency for Refugees)\n\n\n1 The applications which are determined or terminated include those filed in 2023 and 2024, and thus do not add up to the total\nnumber of applications in 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n## Overview\n\n#### **Legislative Framework**\n\n\nThe Law on Asylum and Refugees (LAR) regulates the reception of asylum-seekers, the\nassessment of their claims and their rights upon recognition. The State Agency for Refugees\n(SAR) is responsible for registering and examining applications for protection. SAR has also\nadopted Internal Rules on the Procedure for Granting International Protection.\n\nAccording to the Law on Asylum and Refugees, a person may express their wish to seek\ninternational protection before any authority, which is then obliged to refer it to SAR,\nregistering the applicant within 3 working days if they appear directly before it and within 6\nworking days if the application is submitted before another authority. Under accelerated\nprocedure, a decision on refusing the application as manifestly unfounded can be made within\n14 working days of the registration of the applicant (see below). In other cases, the asylum\nauthority (SAR) is obliged to issue a decision within 6 months of initiation of the procedure [2] .\nAccording to the annual report published by the UNHCR partner Bulgarian Helsinki Committee\nmonitoring the procedure for granting international protection, the 6-months deadline is\ncomplied in 95 percent of all monitored cases in 2023 [3] and in 98 percent cases in 2024. The\ndecision may then be appealed before the respective administrative court and a cassation\nappeal before the Supreme Administrative court is also envisaged.\n\n\n2 The interviewer is obliged to prepare a statement to be presented to the Chairperson of SAR within 4 months after the opening\nof the procedure. The deadline may be extended by 9 months under specific circumstances. The maximum period within which a\ndecision on the application must be issued by the administrative authority is 21 months.\n3 BHC, Annual Report on Status Determination Procedure in Bulgaria 2023, March 2024, p. 25.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n\nThe Law on Legal Aid enshrines the possibility to provide legal assistance to asylum-seekers\nalso at the administrative stage, in addition to that of it being awarded by the court on appeal.\nHowever, in practice, due to financial and capacity limitations of the National Bureau for Legal\nAid, such assistance and representation at the administrative stage are only available to\nunaccompanied children.\n\n## Protection Risks\n\n#### **Challenges for Applicants with Specific Profiles or Protection Needs**\n\n\nAsylum seekers, including those with specific profiles or protection needs, in particular\nchildren, survivors of trauma related to violence and abuse or trafficking in human beings\ncontinue to face major challenges in the international protection procedures. UNHCR observes\nthat high rate of applicants abandoning their claims to move onward to other EU countries,\nincluding the most vulnerable among them, is linked, among other factors, to challenges\nembedded in the international protection procedures in Bulgaria.\n\nDuring the participatory assessment with asylum seekers and refugees conducted in January\n2024, UNHCR found widespread and entrenched distrust in the international protection\nprocedures among asylum seekers and refugees. UNHCR and its partner Bulgarian Helsinki\nCommittee (BHC) monitor the international protection procedures in Bulgaria and provide\nfeedback and recommendations on the procedures and individual cases through a tripartite\ncoordination mechanism. While the national law encompasses some of the main safeguards to\nensure fair and efficient asylum procedures, there is need for their implementation in line with\ninternational and European legal framework, including the judgements of the administrative\ncourts and the Court of Justice of the European Union.\n\nThe risk of the procedure disadvantaging people with specific profiles or needs remains in\npractice. The internal rules of SAR provide that social workers should be present in registration\nincluding to identify asylum seekers with specific needs or vulnerabilities, stemming from their\nage, gender, disability or experiences of torture, gender-based violence, or other serious forms\nof psychological, physical or sexual violence. In 2023, BHC monitoring indicated that social\nworkers were present in 50 per cent of the registration interviews, and identification or needs\nassessment reports were not available in 91 per cent of the cases monitored. In international\nprotection procedures, unaccompanied children (see Protection Brief - Protection of\nUnaccompanied and Separated Children) and women were particularly disadvantaged in terms\nof meaningfully participating in the interview. Further information in the UNHCR Voices of\nRefugees in Bulgaria **[4]** Gender-based violence or sexual orientation, gender identity and\nexpression, or sex characteristics are not recognised yet as a ground for providing protection\ndespite the provisions of EU legislation and case law, including a judgement by the Court of\nJustice of the European Union in January 2024. [5]\n\n\nFollowing the judgement, at the national level the administrative court of Sofia city rescinded\nthe negative decision on the admissibility of the subsequent application of a survivor of\ndomestic violence and returned the case to SAR, highlighting also\n\n\n(Administrative Court Sofia-city, Decision No 2043, 28 March 2024). The Supreme\nAdministrative Court (SAC) ruled in favour of a gay man highlighting that SAR should have\n\n\n4 UNHCR, Voices of Refugees in Bulgaria - Age, Gender, and Diversity (AGD), Participatory Assessment 2023, March 2024.\n5 CJEU, WS v Intervyuirasht organ na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite pri Ministerskia savet, 16 January 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n\nconducted a detailed assessment of the substance of the law in the\norigin, particularly in light of the evidence that it was assessed by UNHCR to be discriminatory.\nThe court clarified that it is not necessary for measures in place in the country of origin to have\ndirectly targeted at the applicant and highlighted that the fact that he has not publicly declared\nhis sexual orientation does not mean that he should be expected to continue to conceal it on\nhis return to his country of origin to avoid discriminatory treatment (Supreme Administrative\nCourt, Decision 8554, 9 July 2024). Despite this positive development, challenges in the\ninterview and assessment claims remain, including in relation to credibility assessment, legal\nanalysis and assessment of risk of persecution in the absence of specific country of origin\ninformation. Reception conditions, including friendly or specialized services and\naccommodation for such applicants, also have a negative impact on their ability to fully present\ntheir claim.\n\n#### **Expanded Scope of Accelerated Procedures**\n\n\nIn Bulgaria, accelerated procedures are used extensively. Under Article 13, para. 1, in\nconjunction with Art. 70 (1) of the Law on Asylum and Refugees (LAR), if the applicant does\nnot fulfil the conditions for being granted international protection their application may be\nrejected as manifestly unfounded in an accelerated procedure. In March 2024, SAR submitted\na proposal for amendments in the Law on Asylum and Refugees, incorporating provisions\nrecommended by UNHCR. With regards to the accelerated procedures, UNHCR is concerned\nwith provisions that could lead to the rejection of applications for international protection in\naccelerated procedures, including on credibility grounds, which require an assessment of\ncredibility rather than processing the case in an accelerated procedure, and for non\n\nUNHCR is particularly concerned about the broad scope of applications that can be rejected\n\nh specific protection needs, when the\napplicant may not be forthcoming with the facts of their cases when this is not facilitated in an\ninterview in cases of applicants with intellectual disabilities and those with mental health\n\nunreliable methodologies of obtaining information may result in apparent contradictions and\n\n\nemotional factors such as shame, impact of trauma, intellectual or psycho-social disability, or\nmental health condition, which requires the interviewing authority to cooperate with the\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n\napplicants to obtain information that may be corroborative of the claim. [6] Fair and efficient\napplication of accelerated procedures under EU law also requires a robust mechanism to\nidentify specific profiles and protection needs of applicants, such as disability and trauma.\nApart from unaccompanied children, there is no exemption of persons in need of special\nprocedural needs from accelerated proceedings under the national law of Bulgaria.\n\nIn addition to asylum seekers from Morocco, Egypt and other countries from North Africa,\ncases of applicants from Afghanistan, Iraq and the Russian Federation are often processed\nunder accelerated procedures with a presumption that they are often manifestly unfounded\napplications. From 1 January 2024 until 30 November 2024, SAR issued 7800 decisions on the\nmerits, comprising denial of international protection in 1,434 cases processed in the regular\n\nprocessed in the accelerated procedure show important gaps of safeguards. These include\ninterviews following a standard questionnaire, regardless of the claim and the facts of the case,\nwith none of the interviews starting with a free account. Regarding the decisions issued under\naccelerated procedure, UNHCR observed cases where applicants made claims raising issues\nsuch as ongoing armed conflict in their country of origin, threats of violence by family members\ndue to applicants being perceived as having violated social norms; such applications were\nnevertheless refused as manifestly unfounded on the basis that they did not raise any reasons\nfor a well-founded fear of persecution.\n\nIn these audits, challenges were also observed in relation to the application of actors of\npersecution in particular in claims concerning non-state actors, the forward-looking nature of\nthe assessment of the risk on return and the application of the correct standard of proof. While\nthe country-of-origin information report was normally up-to-date, it was sometimes not\nrelevant to the specific circumstances of the case and the profile of the applicant including\nplace of residence, religion or individual experiences.\n\n#### **Inconsistent Recognition Rates**\n\n\nRecognition rates of certain nationalities such as Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers are well\nbelow the EU average, and do not necessarily align with the nature of the claims and the\nsituation in the country of origin as analysed by UNHCR and EU Asylum Agency. The\nrecognition rates for Afghan nationals in the first eleven months of 2024 was 10 per cent\ncompared to 57 per cent for the EU in October 2024, while for Iraqis it was 5 per compared to\nEU average of 34 percent in October 2024. [7] UNHCR participatory assessments indicate that\nexpectation of negative decisions, along with the reception conditions and lack of integration\nprospects, contribute to the propensity of Afghan and Iraqi refugees and asylum seekers,\nincluding those in protracted displacement, for moving onwards within the EU.\n\nIn addition to the reliability of information obtained through the interview, expansive use of\nthe safe country of origin and safe third country concept also affects recognition rates.\nFollowing the adoption of lists of safe third countries and safe countries of origin in April 2024,\nthe use of these concepts and the denial of claims of international protection to applicants\noriginating from these countries or those arriving from presumed safe third countries have\n\nunder EU law concerning the application of the safe third country concept, including in relation\nto informing the applicant on the consideration of the safe third country concept in their case,\n\n\n6 See also International Association of Refugee and Migration Judges, Assessment of Credibility in Refugee and Subsidiary\nProtection claims under the EU Qualification Directive - Judicial criteria and standards, March 2013, para. 90.\n\n\n7 EU Asylum Agency, Latest Asylum Trends, 17 December 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n\nthe possibility to challenge the safety of the third country in their particular circumstances and\nthe existence of a connection between them and that country and the lack of clarity on what\n\nthat\ncountry. Such an expansive application of the safe third country concept may also shift the\nresponsibility to assess refugee claims to the main countries hosting refugees, such as T\u00fcrkiye,\nincluding when an applicant transited such countries. A recent reference to the CJEU [8] by a\nBulgarian court has raised a number of issues regarding the concept and its application.\n\nRegarding claims of applicants from Syria, in addition to those refused on the grounds of\nT\u00fcrkiye constituting a safe third country, SAR started in the last quarter of 2024 issuing\nrejections of applications on the merits, deeming that the situation in Syria does not respond\nto a situation where the indiscriminate violence reaches such a high level that that the civilians,\nsolely on account of their presence on the territory of that country or particular region, would\nface a real risk of being subject to that threat. Such decisions are primarily based on the\nassertion that the applicants have not stated any specific individual reasons for them to fear\nthat will be exposed to risk of serious harm on account of factors particular to their personal\ncircumstances or persecution on the grounds enshrined in the 1951 Geneva Convention,\nincluding in claims of draft evaders where the risk upon return is not always assesses in line\nwith international standards in particular in relation to the standard of proof.\n\n\nThe conflation under national law of admissibility and accelerated procedures, with\napplications from safe third countries as a ground for declaring them as manifestly unfounded\nwith admissibility procedures only applicable to subsequent applications is a relevant concern.\nUNHCR welcomes the amendments proposed to the LAR in March 2024 aimed at\ndifferentiating the grounds and introducing separate procedures for processing of cases where\nthe examination of applications may be accelerated from those that are to be found\ninadmissible, as the existing provisions conflate the two concepts, The proposed amendments\ndo not incorporate standards and safeguards envisaged under international and EU law\nregarding such procedures. UNHCR is of the opinion that admissibility procedures tend to\ncreate procedural inefficiencies, increase backlogs, add unnecessary layers and costs, or shift\nthe burden to non- EU countries. [9]\n\nMost importantly, the proposed amendments envisage terminating the procedure for granting\ninternational protection on the grounds of inadmissibility where the applicant has been granted\nrefugee status or other type of protection in a country which is not a Member State of the\nEuropean Union, provided that the individual is readmitted to a country that is considered the\nfirst country of asylum. This provision does not incorporate the requirement under EU law that\nthe person recognized as a refugee should also be able to avail themselves to that protection.\nIn the absence of this guarantee, there is a risk that the person may have their procedure\nterminated as inadmissible and be returned to a country where they do not in practice enjoy\nany longer protection and standard of treatment under international human rights law. In line\nwith the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, in considering protection in a non-EU country, protection\nmust not only be available under the law but must also be effective in practice.\n\n\n8 Case C-718/24 [Aleb], Summary of the request for a preliminary ruling pursuant to Article 98(1) of the Rules of Procedure of\nthe Court of Justice, 22 October 2024.\n9 UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's 2024 Recommendations for the Belgian and Hungarian Presidencies of the\nCouncil of the European Union, 10 January 2024.\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION BRIEF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES> **BULGARIA**\n\n## Calls to Action\n\n\n**UNHCR recommends the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria to:**\n\n\nEnsure that international, EU and national standards and the CJEU and ECHR case law are\nimplemented in decision-making, in particular with respect to the cases of children at risk,\nwomen, persons with disabilities and torture or trauma survivors.\n\nLeverage the national implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum to set up\nrobust and effective mechanism to identify and refer persons with specific reception and\nprocedural needs to appropriate assistance and services and provide for the necessary\nprocedural guarantees; and to exempt such applicant from accelerated procedures and\nintroduce prioritized assessment of their cases.\n\nAdopt the necessary legislative amendments to ensure that only those claims which are\nclearly fraudulent or abusive, or clearly not related to the criteria for the granting\ninternational protection may be rejected as manifestly unfounded.\n\nEnsure that the claims of applicants raising future risk of persecution and serious harm are\nfully examined, safeguarding them against being considered to present manifestly\nunfounded claims under the accelerated procedure based on indications of their noncompliance with procedures, their nationality or stay in a non-EU country.\n\nMake provisions in the national implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum\nto allow the State Agency for Refugees to access resources, including with a view of scaling\nup support for case workers to employ interview techniques and information-gathering and\nassessment tools that are fit for purpose, including gender-responsive, trauma-informed\nand child-friendly procedures, and avoid using standard, pre-set questions asked to all\napplicants with similar profiles regardless of their claims, individual circumstances or\nexperiences, in cooperation with UNHCR and the EU Asylum Agency.\n\nFacilitate access of the National Bureau for Legal Aid to resources to strengthen its\nadministrative capacity and funding to provide legal assistance at all stages of the\nprocedure for granting international protection.\n\nEnsure that the safe third country or safe country of origin concepts are applied on a\ncase-by-case basis, ensuring an individual assessment that takes into account the specific\ncircumstances of the case, while incorporating all safeguards enshrined under\ninternational and EU legislation and case law.\n\n\nresponsibility to support the\nGovernment of Bulgaria aim to enhance the fairness, efficiency, and integrity of the asylum\nsystem, ensuring that the rights and needs of vulnerable individuals are adequately protected.\n\n\nor comparable challenges. A fair asylum system promotes social cohesion by ensuring that all\nindividuals, regardless of their background, are treated with dignity and respect. This can\nreduce mixed and onward movements that expose people in need of international protection\nto perilous journeys controlled by smuggling and trafficking networks within the EU.\n\n\n_**END.**_\n\n\n**UNHCR Bulgaria /January 2025** 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3461b21a-3b2a-419f-87fe-9997e5306322/UNHCR%20Bulgaria%20Protection%20Brief%20International%20Protection%20Procedures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_689/raw/doc_689_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_689/raw/doc_689_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7e2fc39697e92b7ee9a832e729bf3c5a615c8eef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_689/raw/doc_689_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The ongoing fighting in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces\n(RSF) triggered displacement of almost two and half million people, both within Sudan and to neighboring\ncountries. As of 30 June, UNHCR and the Government of Chad have identified almost 180,000 Sudanese\nrefugees in Chad seeking safety, who have fled the conflict in Sudan. 92 percent of the refugees\npopulation consist of women and children, hosted in spontaneous sites and in managed camps in three\nprovinces of Ouadda\u00ef, Sila and Wadi Fira in eastern Chad. The overwhelming majority of the arrivals are\nfrom the Darfur region, which has been deeply impacted by violence for decades and where the rivalry\nbetween the RSF and the SAF has unleashed a parallel inter-communal conflict between Arab and\nMasalit tribes. The killing of the West Darfur state governor in mid-June, immediately after he had\npublicly denounced the ethnic violence in the State, marked a new escalation in the conflict. Focus group\ndiscussions with refugees in Chad attested to human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings,\nrapes, deliberate destruction of property. Refugees arriving in Chad report that entire towns in West\nDarfur no longer exist due to the level of destruction and the mass exodus of the population.\n\n\nThe serious challenges in gaining humanitarian access to Darfur from Sudan, particularly to West Darfur,\nhas prompted the humanitarian community to seek alternative ways to deliver assistance to people in\nneed, through cross-border operations from Chad. At the same time, options of safe passage of civilians\ninto Chad are being pursued, thanks to a favorable border policy maintained by the Chadian authorities.\nIn mid-June, UNHCR coordinated with Arab leaders controlling the El Geneina-Adre route to facilitate\nthe transportation into Chad of older persons, children and persons with specific needs fleeing West\nDarfur. These movements, together with other sporadic arrivals of civilians taking advantage of an\nintermittent lull in fighting, have determined a steady increase in the influx of refugees during the month\nof June, particularly in the northern part of the Ouadda\u00ef region. As a result, the estimated planning figure\nfor the humanitarian response, initially set at 100,000 individuals is anticipated to swiftly increase to\n250,000 individuals by the end of 2023. The establishment of additional camps has emerged as a\ncompelling need. The refugee population numbers add to the more than 407,000 Sudanese refugees\nwho have been hosted since 2023 in 14 camps in Eastern Chad before the latest crisis in Sudan broke\nout.\n\n\nUnder the leadership and the coordination of the Government of Chad and of UNHCR, humanitarian\nactors have provided an emergency response since the first weeks of the conflict to the forcibly\ndisplaced persons in multiple spontaneous sites and camps emerging along the border areas, where\nrefugees were arriving in desperate conditions and were received by the local communities. Since the\ninception of the humanitarian response, main interventions evolved around three main objectives:\n\n\n**i)** maintain a rapid response with basic reception capacity and protection services in the arrival areas\nalong the border; **ii)** ensure a safe and dignified process of relocation of refugees further away from the\nborder to guarantee their safety and security; **iii)** develop and/or strengthen protection services and\nassistance delivery, as well as improving shelter and infrastructures in existing and newly created sites\nin Ouadda\u00ef, Sila and Wadi Fira.\n\n\nConsidering the volatile situation at the border and with the objective of strengthening the delivery of\nprotection and assistance, UNHCR and its partners have been supporting since May the safe relocation\nof refugees from the insecure border areas to existing managed camps in Ouadda\u00ef (Gaga and Farchana),\nSila (Djabal and Goz Amir) and Wadi Fira (Mil\u00e9, Kounoungou and Iridimi). Due to the continuous arrivals,\nand the limited space in the pre-existing camps, two additional camps have been identified and are being\nset up in Ouadda\u00ef (Arkoum) and in Sila (Zabout) to accommodate the new refugees.\n\n\nThe start of the rainy season and the deteriorating conditions of the roads affect the pace of the\nrelocation activities. It is therefore expected that a significant number of refugees may not be relocated\non time and be compelled to remain in border areas. Consequently, in parallel to the ongoing relocation\nexercise, humanitarian agencies have pre-positioned assistance items, and maintain some basic health\nservices, WASH [water, sanitation and hygiene] facilities as well as basic protection services in border\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite the official border closure, the Government of Chad continues to allow Sudanese refugees and\nthird country nationals fleeing Sudan to seek refuge and safety in Chad. The vast majority (86%) of\nhouseholds that UNHCR teams consulted upon arrival, indicated that they did not encounter any\ndifficulty in accessing the country, while episodes of violence, assault, extortion, were experienced in\nSudan on the way to the border. In addition, households generally indicated that they feel welcome by\nthe Chadian host community thanks to ethnic and cultural affinity.\n\n\nIn May, the Government signed the Application Decree of the Law on Asylum in Chad, which was\nadopted in December 2020, in line with the commitments made by the country during the Global\nRefugee Forum in December 2019. This law and its application decree are expected to improve the\nprotection regime provided to the nearly 600,000 protracted and newly arrived refugees and asylum\nseekers currently hosted in the country, representing more than 3% of the Chadian population. The\napplication of the law is expected to strengthen the national framework for the protection of refugee\nand asylum seekers, favoring the respect for their civil and socio-economic rights, including freedom of\nmovement, access to justice, the right to work, access to healthcare, education, land, amongst others [1] .\n\n\nMoreover, the sustained new arrivals and the halting of the main commercial routes between Sudan and\nChad due to the conflict are having a catastrophic impact on the socio-economic situation of the country\nand particularly on its eastern regions. Just before the eruption of the conflict in Sudan, the World Food\nProgram (WFP) had projected that nearly 1.9 million people in Chad would be in severe food insecurity\nfrom June to August 2023, while more than 1.3 million children would suffer from acute malnutrition.\nThe arrival of almost 180,000 individuals as of end June, with the resulting pressure on already scarce\nresources, has further aggravated the humanitarian situation of the population at large. In turn, the\nsevere socio-economic conjuncture negatively impacts the overall protection environment, with\nconcerns for the possible rise in child labour, under-aged marriage, recruitment into armed groups and\nother harmful coping strategies.\n\n### Key Trends & Figures\n\nAs of 30 June 2023\n\n\nGiven the prevailing **instability**, persistent armed violence, and inter-communal clashes in Sudan, it is\n\nanticipated that as many as **250,000*** refugees could arrive by the end of **2023**\n\n\n##### **230K****\n\nEstimated **new**\n**arrivals**\n##### **31**\n\n**Host villages**\n\n\n\n**Households** OUADDAI SILA\n\n125,920 47,280\n\n\n##### **179,740**\n\nFixed **new arrivals**\n\n##### **58,245**\n\n\n\n**Fixed new arrivals per province**\n\n\n\nWADI FIRA\n\n6,540\n\n\n\n1\nAt the end of May, the Government of the Republic of Chad also domesticated the Kampala Convention for the Protection and\nAssistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, becoming the second African country, after Niger, to take this important step.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Male Female\n**43%** **57%**\n\n\n##### **7,031**\n\n**Registered**\n##### **90%**\n\nregistered are\n**women & children**\n\n\n##### **1,854**\n\n**Households**\n##### **23%**\n\nregistered have\n**specific needs**\n\n\n\n9%\n\n\n6%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\n7%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n10%\n\n\n\n1%\n\n\n\n60+\n\n\n18-59\n\n\n12-17\n\n\n5-11\n\n\n0-4\n\n\n\n3%\n\n\n\n23%\n\n\n\n**Registered persons with specific**\n**needs**\n\n\nen t ris\n\nin e rent\n\ner ers n\n\nhi t ris\n\ne r te hi\n\ners n ith is bi it\n\ne i n i ns\n\nrture sur i rs\n\nur i rs i en e\n\n\n\n513\n\n\n##### **38,100*****\n\nMigrants Returnees\n**arrivals (Estimated)**\n\n\n##### **93%**\n\nReturnees are\n**women & children**\n\n\n\n*Source: Refugee Response Plan\n** Source of estimation: Government, UNHCR based on influx alerts received from the field\n***Source of estimation: OIM/DTM, Chad \u2013 Suda ~~n~~ crisis response: Flash update 8 (30 June 2023)\n\n### Protection risks\n\n\nSince the onset of the crisis in Sudan, UNHCR staff has been present in areas of arrival to consult the\narriving population and detect their main protection issues and risks. A systematic monitoring is currently\nundertaken through the interagency and cross-border protection monitoring systems ( _Project 21_ ), which\nwas initially launched in 2021 in the Lake Province in Chad. At the inception of the crisis and with the\nfirst arrivals of refugees into Chad, the system was quickly adapted and extended to the eastern part of\nthe country to identify the protection needs of the new arrivals and inform the humanitarian response.\nAs of 27 June, almost 2,700 households in 12 localities in all three provinces have been interviewed\n(91% women), revealing serious human rights violations and grave breaches of international\nhumanitarian law committed by armed groups in Sudan.\n\n\n**Gender-Based Violence.** Consultations with refugee women in eastern Chad have shed light on the\nworrying trends of physical, including sexual, and psychological violence experienced by refugee women\nand girls in Sudan during their flight to reach safety. Following focus group discussions held in the\nemergency sites next to the border points of Borota, Koufroun, Goungour and Wandalou, and in the\nrefugee camp of Gaga, women and girls reported numerous incidents of sexual and gender-based\nviolence (GBV) occurring in Sudan. Incidents included abduction, rape, sexual assault, sexual exploitation\nand other forms of physical and psychological violence allegedly perpetrated by fighters, but also by\ncriminals groups in Sudan. This situation currently determines the need for immediate GBV responses,\nparticularly medical and psychological support. A _Project 21_ survey highlighted that 63% of interviewed\nhouseholds expressed that they feel unsafe due to the risk of exposure to GBV in areas of arrival,\nespecially during firewood collection and around latrines at night.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered", - "confidence": 0.719356894493103, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Households", - "confidence": 0.5339255332946777, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interagency and cross-border protection monitoring systems", - "confidence": 0.9758240580558777, - "start": 307, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.6458535194396973, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9274478554725647, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7007278203964233, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Consultations with refugee women", - "confidence": 0.5817385315895081, - "start": 428, - "end": 432 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee women\nand girls", - "confidence": 0.5496686697006226, - "start": 453, - "end": 457 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Project 21_ survey", - "confidence": 0.7848541736602783, - "start": 565, - "end": 568 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8829134106636047, - "start": 567, - "end": 568 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "areas of arrival", - "confidence": 0.5025743246078491, - "start": 589, - "end": 592 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.8652645945549011, - "start": 573, - "end": 575 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "psychological harm. Aside from the distress of the flight and the traumatic experience of witnessing the\nconflict, hundreds of children have been involuntarily separated from their families or lost their\ncaregivers, a situation that increases their vulnerability.\n\n\nAccording to _Project 21_, 82% of the consulted and pre-registered households includes children who were\nenrolled in schools in Sudan. There is a concern that the families\u2019 dire circumstances, coupled with a\nprolonged lack of access to education and other forms of childcare, may further expose refugee children\nto various forms of neglect, abuse, and exploitation, including child labor, recruitment, trafficking, and\nGBV.\n\n\n**Mental health and psychological needs** . The distressing experience of the conflict; the level of violence\ndirectly experienced or witnessed, including GBV; the involuntary family separation and the\napprehension for the family members left behind [2], have determined a significant level of distress or even\ntrauma amongst the refugee population. The deprivation faced during the flight and in areas of arrival,\nthe loss of most of household assets, the current dependency on humanitarian aid, contribute to\naggravate this situation. Children, survivors of GBV, but also older persons, may be the most exposed\nand in need of some forms of psychological first aid and psychosocial support.\n\n\n**Lack of documentation.** A significant number of new arrivals have reported that they lack proper\ndocumentation, including birth certificates. According to the _Project 21_ monitoring system, 22% of\nhouseholds reported not having any documents, while 29% possess identification cards or other forms\nof identification, and 49% have birth certificates. The lack of documentation may expose refugees,\nespecially children, to additional challenges, including more difficult access to registration, as well as\nessential services such as education and healthcare, besides triggering a potential risk of statelessness.\n\n### Key elements of the response\n\n\nSince the inception of the crisis the protection response followed a three-pronged approach.\n\n\n**Action 1** : Count new arrivals in border areas and provide urgent specialized protection services in\nspontaneous sites in border areas for women, girls, children, and other persons with specific needs and\nat heightened risk.\n\n\n**Action 2** : Increase the structural and service capacity of existing refugee sites away from the border in\nthe three provinces of Ouadda\u00ef, Sila and Wadi Fira, and voluntarily relocate refugees to these safer areas.\n\n\n**Action 3** : Invest in individual biometric registration and strengthen delivery of essential and inclusive\nprotection services in the camps, with particular attention to child protection, GBV services.\n\n\n**Preserving the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and of refugee sites.** Considering the\nproximity to the border, the very volatile security situation, and the risk of infiltration and presence of\narmed elements amongst the refugee population, UNHCR and another humanitarian partner have\ninvested in advocacy and capacity strengthening for the Chadian authorities to maintain the civilian\nnature of sites, both at the border and in the relocation sites. While from the onset of the crisis the\nChadian authorities have put in place screening and separation procedures, UNHCR has also organized\ntraining on refugee law and on the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum for nearly 300 troops\nfrom the Chadian armed forces deployed in Adr\u00e9 under the umbrella of the Chad-Sudan mixed-forces\nestablished in 2010 with the responsibility of borders surveillance.\n\n\n_2_ _21% of households interviewed indicated that family members have separated with family members remaining in Sudan, with the intention of joining their_\n\n_family members in Chad, when the security situation allows it._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "end of June, almost 7,031 relocated individuals have undergone biometric registration in Gaga camp and\nreceived a refugee certificate and 23% of those registered have been identified with specific needs. In\naddition, the ANATS agency ( _**Agence Nationale des Titres Securis\u00e9s**_ ) in charge of issuing civil registry\ndocuments has also deployed its staff to the camps and arrival sites, setting up a mobile team to register\nbirths and issue birth certificates. 227 new-borns have been issued birth certificates.\n\n\nRefugees are being enrolled biometrically at the Registration Center, Gaga refugees camp\n\n\n**Responding to GBV and addressing GBV risks among newly arrived refugees.** Priority has been devoted\nto address the consequences of the violations experienced by women and girls in Sudan and mitigate\nGBV risks in areas of arrival. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis kits were provided to survivors of rape, and\nsafe spaces were established at the border, and are now reinforced in the relocation sites. 39 GBV cases\nhave been identified and referred to appropriate services. Awareness campaigns and sessions have been\norganized at community level, reaching approximately 6,000 individuals. Communication with\ncommunities on the available services, training sessions on GBV mitigation and response and on\nProtection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) have been facilitated for refugees and\nhumanitarian workers, in accordance with UN i ies \u201cZer er n e\u201d (more than 4,000 people\nreached). 3,950 dignity kits have been distributed in various sites to already relocated women and girls\nof childbearing age thanks to UNFPA. Efforts were made to enhance coordination among various\nstakeholders involved in the GBV response. Nonetheless, the GBV response appears to be hindered by\nseveral obstacles. This includes a severe shortage of staff with GBV and psychosocial support expertise,\nable to cope with the large number of newly arrived refugees seeking assistance and effectively address\nindividual cases; the limited number of safe spaces in the various spontaneous reception sites where\nrefugee arrive, which hinders the immediate identification and response; the lack of resources and the\ninsufficient quantity of available dignity kits.\n\n\n**Reinforcing child protection interventions.** From the onset of the crisis, UNHCR partners have stepped\nup child protection activities and services, including the identification and support to unaccompanied\nand separated children. As of 21 June 2023, UNHCR and its partners have identified 397 children at risk\n(70 in Sila Province and 327 in Ouaddai). Among them, 215 are separated children, 50 are\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Ouadda\u00ef and Sila provinces, community consultations and awareness sessions on community-based\nchild protection were initiated, reaching more than six thousand community members. Psychosocial\nsupport and recreational activities have targeted 9,849 children, (more than 50% girls) thanks to UNICEF,\nand HIAS. Furthermore, 1,300 birth kits were provided in Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9, Ouadda\u00ef province. As some 55% of\nnew arrivals are school-aged children, classroom construction, teacher recruitment and training,\nrecreational activities, and psychosocial support are critical needs. Assessments conducted by RRP\n(Refugee Response Plan) partners in nine arrival sites in the Ouadda\u00ef, Wadi Fira, and Sila provinces reveal\nthat refugee families favor the integration of refugee children into the national system. Under the\nleadership of the education authorities at the local level with the support of UNHCR and JRS, 416\nteachers have been identified amongst the new arrivals to reinforce the teaching capacity for emergency\neducation activities.\n\n\n**Relocation and service scale-up in camps.** As of 30 June, almost 53,900 refugees have been relocated\nfrom border locations to seven existing camps in the three main provinces of East Chad, as well as to\nnew camps at Zabout and Arkoum. UNHCR is working with UN and other NGOs partners to scale up a\nmultisector response in the various sites, to improve services and assistance to the newly relocated\nrefugees and to maintain humanitarian standards in providing continuous assistance to the pre-crisis\nrefugee population. Interventions include food assistance, nutrition screening and programs, health\ninterventions including vaccinations, and protection services.\n\n### Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\nThe main priority and challenge relate to the relocation of large numbers of refugees from the border\nareas to improve their safety and maintain support, before these areas become isolated by rain and\nflooding. While efforts are ongoing in a race against time, groups of newly arrived refuges may remain\nin border areas and more may arrive fleeing the conflict. As a result, humanitarian aid must be\nprepositioned and a minimal level of services should be maintained in those areas, while basic social\nservices will need to be strengthened or maintained in camps and sites to continue providing quality\nprotection response to both the new arrivals and protracted refugees as well as the host community to\nmaintain an environment conducive to peaceful coexistence.\n\n\nLocal communities in Chad have generously supported the newly arrived refugees, sharing resources.\nHowever, the current refugee crisis developed in a national and local context of rising food insecurity [3],\nsocio-economic crisis triggered by the global context n the isru ti n h \u2019s su h in,\nvulnerability to climate change, rapid desertification, and environmental degradation. Newly arrived\nrefugees expressed concerns over access to resources and services, and risks of inter-community\ntensions due to competition over land, and capacity of critical services such as health and education.\nWhile humanitarian support is extended to the newly arrived and protracted refugees, hosting\ncommunities should be continuously included for support, and additional resources, including from\ndevelopment actors, should be adequately addressed to refugee hosting areas.\n\n\nIn line with the commitments made by the country during the Global Refugee Forum in December 2019,\nthe Chadian government has shown a traditional hospitality vis-a vis the newly arrived refugees,\nincluding through landmark legislative developments such as the adoption of the Application Decree of\nthe Law on Asylum. Such developments are critical opportunities to maintain and reinforce asylum space\nfor the protracted and the newly arrived refugees, favoring the respect for their basic rights in line with\ninternational refugee law obligations adhered to by the Chadian authorities. This represents an\nopportunity that should be seized by working closely with the authorities and other humanitarian and\ndevelopment actors.\n\n\n_3 https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/wfp-chad-country-brief-march-2023_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The developments in Chad are inexorably linked to the dynamics of the conflict in Sudan. Key\n\nadvocacy messages and asks made to parties to the conflict in Sudan are critical to the situation in\nChad. Those include, _inter alia_, the respect of basic principles of international humanitarian law and\nhuman rights law; the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructures, including health facilities and\nother amenities indispensable for the survival of the civilian population, against deliberate or\nincidental attacks; and guarantee of safe passage for the civilian population seeking safety, including\nby crossing the Sudan-Chad borders [4] .\n\n\n- UNHCR thanks the Chadian authorities for their open doors policy, allowing for the unhindered entry\n\nof refugees from Sudan seeking safety from widespread violence and persecution, and exhorts the\nauthorities to maintain this regime and humanitarian approach.\n\n\n- UNHCR exhorts the authorities in Chad to continue their efforts to maintain the civilian character of\n\nasylum and the humanitarian character of sites, including continuous efforts in screening and\nseparation procedures in line with international humanitarian and human rights law.\n\n\n- UNHCR also welcomes the adoption by the Chadian authorities of the Application Decree of the Law\n\non Asylum, representing an opportunity to maintain and reinforce the asylum space for the protracted\nand the newly arrived refugees, favoring the respect for their basic rights in line with international\nrefugee law obligations adhered to by the Chadian authorities. UNHCR stands ready to support the\nauthorities to implement measures to improve the situation of refugees in Chad, including their\nfreedom of movement, and their access to documentation and services. UNHCR advocates for\nhumanitarian and particularly for development agencies to robustly support the Government of Chad\nto step up the capacity of national services to address the needs of both refugees and host\ncommunities.\n\n\n- UNHCR applauds the generosity of the Chadian communities in receiving refugees from neighboring\n\nSudan and in sharing often scarce resources to support their initial survival. In the current socioeconomic conjuncture in Chad, it is imperative that hosting communities are included in the response\nand that additional resources, including from development actors, are adequately invested in refugee\nhosting areas to support and improve common services, infrastructures, and livelihood opportunities.\n\n\n- The current humanitarian situation requires both a continuous response at the border to guarantee\n\nminimum life-saving assistance and services to newly arrived refugees, as well as a robust response\nin the camps, where refugees are relocated. Core protection activities need to be amplified, notably\nthe response to GBV survivors arriving in Chad, and mitigation of GBV risks in all refugee-hosting\nlocations; dedicated interventions for children at risk, including best interests procedures for\nunaccompanied and separated children, issuance of birth certificates, and a variety of activities to\nimprove their psychosocial well-being; support to other individuals with critical protection needs,\nincluding older persons, persons living with disabilities and individuals suffering from war-related\ntrauma; registration and identity management; support to community-based protection structures,\nincluding those led by women. These activities represent a core part of the RRP strategy. UNHCR\ncalls for continuous donor support to the RRP requirements, which remain severely under-met, thus\nhindering the capacity of UNHCR and other actors to contribute to a dignified support to the\nprotection needs of the fleeing population.\n\n\n_4_ [See UNHCR Sudan Protection Brief, June 2023 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101097 and UNHCR Press](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/101097)\n\nRelease - 4 July 2023 - _After 28 refugee deaths in Khartoum, UNHCR urges Sudan\u2019s warring parties to allow safe passage for_\n_civilians_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Emergency response partners in Eastern Chad\n\n**UNHCR project partners**\nCNARR, IRC, ADES, CRT, INTERSOS, LMI, SECADEV, HIAS, JRS, CIAUD, AIRD.\n\n**Operational partners collaborating in the humanitarian response**\nIOM, OCHA, WFP, UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, FAO, ANATS, MSF (France, Luxembourg, Holland,\nSwitzerland), PUI (Premi\u00e8re Urgence Int), ALIMA/Alerte Sant\u00e9, HELP TCHAD, SIF (Secours Islamique\nFrance), QATAR CHARITY, Concern WorldWide, ACTED, SOLIDARITES Int/ACHDR, CARE, FLM,\nADRA, WORLD VISION, ACF and OXFAM, COOPI, NIRVANA, ASTBEF (Chadian Association for Family\nWell-Being), ADRO (Association to Support Development in the Ouaddai Region), AFDI (Women's\nAssociation for Integrated Development), ACAFDI (Association for the Promotion of Communication,\nAnimation, Training and Integrated Development), APSELPA (Action to Protect Health, the Environment\nand Fight Food Shortages), ADRAH (Association for the Development and Reinforcement of\nHumanitarian Action), AKAD (Association Kari Assoungha for Development) as well as other partners.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f6605c27-3ecb-4ba2-9573-2529fc6ef439/UNHCR%20CHAD_Protection%20Brief%20_Sudan%20Situation_July%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_69/raw/doc_69_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_69/raw/doc_69_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f1646b975ebe2579cbab3081e33cd020a718b0e0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_69/raw/doc_69_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Leveraging Protection Risk Analysis for Collective Impact**\n\nOutcomes and Strategic Reflections from the HNPW 2025 Protection Risk Analysis Session\n\n\n**Introduction**\n\n\nIn the face of an increasingly constrained humanitarian environment, the imperative to place protection at the\ncenter of humanitarian action has never been more urgent. At the 2025 Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships\nWeek (HNPW), a critical session titled **[Leverage Protection Risk Analysis to Inform Joined-Up Collective Actions](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/events-calendar/hnpw-2025-leverage-protection-risks-analysis-inform-joined-collective-actions/2186)** has\nbeen organized by the Global Protection Cluster (GPC), OCHA, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), the World\nFood Programme (WFP), the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC), and the Swedish International Development\nCooperation Agency (Sida). The session brought together donors, frontline practitioners, analysts, and coordination\nactors to reaffirm that protection cannot be siloed \u2014 protection risk analysis must inform all elements of the\nhumanitarian response if the humanitarian sector is to deliver on the actions set forth by the Emergency Relief\nCoordinator\u2019s (ERC) humanitarian reset.\n\n\nThe session began by underscoring the real-world consequences of protection risks and failures\u2014violence,\ndisplacement, the denial of basic rights\u2014and the critical role Protection Risk Analysis (PRA) can play in preventing\nand mitigating them. **Josep Herreros (GPC)** emphasized that PRA is not a technical exercise but a foundational\nmechanism that enables the system to prioritize life-saving interventions through evidence-based decision-making.\nBy focusing on people at risk and, of those, on people in need of humanitarian assistance, PRA introduces a crucial\n\u201cexposure layer\u201d that aligns closely with the ERC\u2019s call to target resources more strategically, based on greatest\nneeds and where the greater risks are.\n\n\nFrom the donor perspective, **Ambassador Dominik Stillhart (SDC)**, voiced growing concern that protection is at risk\nof being sidelined in humanitarian planning and financing. He emphasized that protection is not only a moral\nimperative, but also one of the most effective ways to reduce humanitarian needs. As such, protection must not be\ntreated as optional in the current reprioritization. Dominik Stillhart stressed that donors have a responsibility not\nonly to fund responses, but also to contribute with their capacities. For Switzerland, protection risk analysis plays a\ncentral role across its three functions: as a donor, it informs where resources are directed; as an advocate, it\nstrengthens engagement in multilateral fora; and as an actor, it helps identify risks that require political or legal\nresponse beyond the humanitarian scope. He also called for greater investment in embedding protection expertise\nat the leadership level to reinforce the system\u2019s ability to lead on protection. This, he concluded, is key to realizing\nthe strategic recalibration envisioned in the ERC\u2019s humanitarian reset.\n\n\n**Field practice**\n\n\nOn the technical front, the session showcased some of the latest advancements in Protection Risks Analysis.\n**Francesco Michele (GPC)** presented how, over the past four years, the GPC and its partners have developed a\nstandardized framework that identifies **[15 core protection risks](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/protection-issues)** and **[conducts subnational assessment to determine](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/dashboard)**\n**[the severity of those risks](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/dashboard)** . In its current form, PRA includes not only a granular mapping of risk exposure but also\nestimated **[numbers of people at risk](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1494/policy-and-guidance/guidelines/methodology-calculating-protection-severity-and)** . The methodology has been used in various operational settings allowing actors\nto sharpen prioritization, improve targeting and increase accountability across sectors. In Northwest Syria,\nprotection risk findings were used to directly inform food assistance strategies through inter-cluster coordination.\nIn Venezuela, joint PRA workshops resulted in tangible changes to funding flows, including Central Emergency\nResponse Fund (CERF) and Country-Based Pooled Fund (CBPF) allocations, and ensured protection objectives were\nintegrated into the multi-sector HNRP, while informing the current re-prioritization.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/755cdd77-db01-535d-8b7a-6a35d8b52657/2504_hnpw2025_pra_outcomes_paper_gpc_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This alignment between protection analysis and strategic planning was highlighted by **Natthinee Rodraksa** **(OCHA)**,\nwho emphasized that PRA plays a critical role in the Joint and Intersectoral Analysis Framework (JIAF). Protection\ncontributes directly to intersectoral analysis; is a constitutive part of the definition of People in Need and reflected\nin the guidance on what constitutes a humanitarian need. Protection is also one of the outcome indicators,\nparticularly for violations of human rights and IHL\u2014providing a crucial reality check in intersectoral analysis. She\nclarified that HCs and HCTs are asked to rapidly reprioritize targets and funding within HNRPs to identify the most\nlife-saving activities for those with the greatest needs, emphasizing this is not a revision of existing HNRPs. She\nexplained two proposed criteria as a starting point for reprioritization: the JIAF intersectional severity levels 4 and 5\nto identify priority locations and populations for humanitarian action, and activity type, focusing on life-saving\nactivities that include protection, whether as a dedicated objective or integrated across sectors. While there were\nconcerns that a focus on 'life-saving' might compromise quality programming, analysis of 724 activities in the HNRPs\nshows these reprioritized activities are comprehensive, covering all sectors, from rehabilitation of water supply\nsystems to GBV, child protection, and education.\n\n\nWhat emerged from these examples is that PRA enables a strategic targeting of multi-sector resources and a\nrealignment of multi-sector objectives, rooted in a deep understanding of the specific threats faced by affected\npopulations. Critically, it also facilitates intersectoral dialogue\u2014another core component of the ERC\u2019s Humanitarian\nReset\u2014by ensuring that protection is seen not as a separate domain, but as a unifying lens through which other\nsectoral actions can be evaluated and prioritized. Francesco Michele also underlined that identifying the number of\npeople exposed to protection risks opens new possibilities for collective action and could be further considered in\nthe ongoing Reset discussions. From a field practice perspective, both IRC and WFP offered compelling illustrations\nof PRA in action. **Katie Grant (IRC)** presented how, since 2020, IRC has developed joint analysis methodologies\nintegrating gender-based violence (GBV), child protection, safety risks, and community feedback systems. In\nparticular, a collaborative project with Johns Hopkins University, Insecurity Insight, Physicians for Human Rights, and\nOCHA engaged a range of health and protection sectoral stakeholders to apply PRA to examine violence against\nhealthcare in South Sudan, Nigeria, Syria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The findings not only informed\noperational adjustments, including the deployment of psychosocial support, but also shaped violence reduction and\nprevention advocacy strategies and protection components in Humanitarian Response Plans (HRPs). What became\nevident is that PRA enables organizations to uncover root causes, develop localized risk mitigation measures, and\ndefine protection outcomes that are both measurable and responsive to contextual realities.\n\n\n**Andrea Breslin** and **Federica Mastroianni (WFP)** demonstrated how PRA supports risk-informed programming and\ncontributes to safe, accountable, equitable access to assistance. Across its operations, WFP has adapted its targeting\nbased on PRA findings, as seen in Lebanon, where cash delivery strategies were redesigned to reduce\nintercommunal tensions. In Chad, the shift from status-based to vulnerability-based assistance helped defuse\ntensions between displaced and host communities. And in Ukraine, PRA-informed adaptations led to home-delivery\n\nof cash for persons with disabilities who had challenges to access bank accounts. These experiences speak directly to\nthe core commitments of the humanitarian reset: relevance, impact, and principled programming.\n\n\n**Insights and potential recommendations**\n\n\nThe session laid out a series of potential recommendations for further discussion in support of the ongoing\nreprioritization process underway in many humanitarian settings. Protection must be recognized as both a goal and\na critical pathway to achieving life-saving outcomes. Donors and humanitarian leaders are called upon to uphold\nprotection as a core pillar of humanitarian response. This means resisting the temptation to frame protection as a\nsupport function or technical specialty. Instead, protection outcomes must be used to guide decision-making on\nresource allocation, reprioritization, and programmatic design.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/755cdd77-db01-535d-8b7a-6a35d8b52657/2504_hnpw2025_pra_outcomes_paper_gpc_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Furthermore, the operationalization of PRA should extend beyond the confines of the Protection Cluster. It must be\nembraced as a common framework that guides joint analysis and collective prioritization. This involves not only\nimproving interoperability between analytical tools and clusters, but also investing in analytical capacity at the local\nlevel. Frontline actors and affected communities must be seen not only as data providers but as analysts and\nstrategists in their own right.\n\n\nWithin the humanitarian sector transformation, the ability to track protection outcomes\u2014rather than simply\ncounting outputs\u2014is essential. This shift requires dedicated investments in analytical systems, monitoring\nframeworks, and joint coordination platforms that allow for continuous, adaptive analysis in real time.\n\n\nIn her closing reflections, **Sara Brodd (Sida)** stressed that if protection is to live up to its ambitions, it must define\nand act on a limited set of protection priorities in each context. This means choosing the risks that can be\nmeaningfully addressed, funding pooled services and functions rather than fragmented projects, and measuring\nsuccess by the extent to which populations are less exposed to harm, rather than by how much assistance is\ndelivered. As we confront rising needs alongside shrinking resources, she reminded participants that addressing\nprotection risks is not only life-saving, but also essential to preventing the very conditions that drive humanitarian\nneeds. Without sustained respect for international humanitarian and human rights law, the sector will remain\ntrapped in an ever-expanding cycle of crisis response.\n\n\nShe also stressed that reducing protection risks must become a central consideration across all sectors\u2014from food\nand health to shelter and education\u2014not as an add-on, but as a strategic lens that shapes advocacy, programming,\nand diplomacy alike. The capacity to conduct protection risk analysis must therefore be maintained and reinforced,\nregardless of how the humanitarian system is reconfigured in the coming years. It is not just a tool but a strategic\ncapability that aligns the humanitarian system with its protection obligations. In her final remarks, she called on all\nactors\u2014donors, agencies, field partners, and coordinators\u2014to take shared responsibility not just for generating\nprotection data, but for using it meaningfully to guide collective prioritization and response.\n\n\nThe session closed with a strong sense of shared commitment. Across all contributions\u2014from donors, cluster leads,\nand country-based actors\u2014there was consensus that protection risk analysis must not only be maintained but firmly\nintegrated into the core of the humanitarian system. Participants emphasized that reducing protection risks is not a\nperipheral aim\u2014it is central to both saving lives and reducing humanitarian needs. These insights reflect a shared\nunderstanding emerging from the discussion regarding important aspects to consider for prioritizing, funding, and\noperationalizing protection in the months ahead. Protection risk reduction must be recognized as both life-saving and\nneeds-reducing. Protection must be treated as a strategic priority, not an optional service.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/755cdd77-db01-535d-8b7a-6a35d8b52657/2504_hnpw2025_pra_outcomes_paper_gpc_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_690/raw/doc_690_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_690/raw/doc_690_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ab40ab39f9ae84510121c5f2b9a8d9fe507400a7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_690/raw/doc_690_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Tchad : Mouvements mixtes**\n\nJanvier-d\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\nque, les points de d\u00e9parts et de transits \u00e0 travers le Tchad. UNHCR, Ahmed Merdoukh, f\u00e9vrier 2024.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n## Le projet \u201cMouvements mixtes au Tchad\u201d\n\n\n**Ce document pr\u00e9sente les principales activit\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au cours de**\n**l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 par le HCR et son partenaire Croix Rouge du Tchad (CRT),**\n**en collaboration avec la Commission Nationale d\u2019Accueil et de**\n**R\u00e9insertion des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des Rapatri\u00e9s (CNARR), dans le cadre du**\n**Projet \u201cMonitoring de Protection et suivi des personnes en situation de**\n**mouvement mixte au Tchad\u201d.**\n\nLe Tchad est un pays d\u2019Afrique centrale qui, du fait de sa position g\u00e9ographique\nest un pays de transit, de d\u00e9part et de destination tant pour les personnes en\nqu\u00eate de protection internationale que pour les migrants. De ce fait des individus\nde diverses nationalit\u00e9s, traversent au quotidien le territoire tchadien. Afin de\nmieux comprendre le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, la Repr\u00e9sentation du HCR au Tchad travaille\nen partenariat avec la Croix Rouge du Tchad (CRT), afin de garantir que les\npersonnes fuyant la pers\u00e9cution aient acc\u00e8s aux proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient\nde la protection internationale et soient prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre le refoulement.\n\nBien que les mouvements mixtes soient observ\u00e9s sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire\nnational, le manque de ressources humaines et financi\u00e8res pour assurer une\ncouverture optimale du pays a conduit le HCR et son partenaire \u00e0 focaliser leurs\nefforts sur quatre zones g\u00e9ographiques qui repr\u00e9sentent les principaux couloirs \u00e0\nsavoir le Nord, le Sud, l\u2019Est et la capitale N\u2019Djamena. Pour le monitoring de\nprotection et la collecte des donn\u00e9es des personnes en mouvements mixtes, 92\nrelais communautaires sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans 86 principaux sites d\u2019entr\u00e9e et de\nsortie du territoire. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re que la plupart des mouvements transitent par la\ncapitale N\u2019Djamena pour aller vers le nord du pays, frontalier avec la Libye.\n\nIl convient de noter que les relais communautaires conduisent essentiellement\ndes enqu\u00eates individuelles aupr\u00e8s des personnes en mouvement mixte pour\nassurer un monitoring de protection.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n## Analyse des donn\u00e9es | janvier- d\u00e9cembre 2023\n\n\nAu cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, les relais communautaires ont collect\u00e9 via les\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phones, les donn\u00e9es de 11.926 personnes en situation de mouvements\nmixtes sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national (Fig.1). Ainsi depuis mai 2018, date\ndu d\u00e9but du partenariat entre le HCR et la CRT, les donn\u00e9es sur les mouvements\nmixtes collect\u00e9es et analys\u00e9es ont permis de toucher un cumul de 84.766\npersonnes.\n\n\nFigure 1\n\n**Comparatif de nombre de personnes interrog\u00e9es par mois |**\n**2021-2022-2023 (total : 38 023)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\njanvier f\u00e9vrier mars Avril Mai Juin juillet ao\u00fbt septembre octobre novembre d\u00e9cembre\n\n#### Profil des personnes interrog\u00e9es\n\n\nLa grande majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es, sont des hommes adultes (85%) (Fig.2).\n\n\nFigure 2\n\n**Personnes interrog\u00e9es par sexe et tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge |**\n\n\n\n\n\n60 ans et plus\n\n\nDe 18 \u00e0 59 ans\n\n\nMois de 18 ans\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n\nLes migrants tchadiens constituent toujours la majorit\u00e9 des personnes\ninterrog\u00e9es et repr\u00e9sentent 56% du total, tandis que la plupart des personnes\nd\u2019autres nationalit\u00e9s, en transit ou voulant rester au Tchad, proviennent des pays\nlimitrophes (Cameroun, Nigeria, RCA & Soudan) (Fig.3).\n\n\nLa destination finale la plus pris\u00e9e reste la Libye qui repr\u00e9sente 52%, suivie par\nle Tchad avec 16% (Fig.4) [1] .\n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 3\n\n**Nationalit\u00e9 des personnes**\n**interrog\u00e9es**\n\n\n\nFigure 4\n\n**D\u00e9stination finale d\u00e9clar\u00e9e**\n\n\nLibye\n\n\n\n\n\nTchadienne\nSoudanaise\nCentrafricaine\nCamerounaise\nNigeriane\nNigerienne\nBurkinab\u00e9e\nMalienne\nSud Soudanaise\nAutres\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTchad\n\nItalie\n\nCanada\n\nFrance\n\nArabie Saoudie\n\nAngleterre\n\nCameroun\n\nAutre pays d'Europe\n\nAutre pays\n\n\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et les personnes ayant l\u2019intention de\ndemander l\u2019asile constituent 4% de la population enqu\u00eat\u00e9e, dont 1,6% de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Fig.5).\n\n\nFigure 5\n\n**Statut L\u00e9gal des personnes interrog\u00e9es**\n\n\n\nAutre\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\nIntention de demander l'asile\n\n\nDemandeur d'Asile\n\n\n\n\n\n95,9%\n\n\n\n1 Europe : Italie, Angleterre, Espagne, Allemagne, Belgique et Portugal. Afrique du Nord : Egypte, Alg\u00e9rie, Tunisie et Maroc.\nAfrique de l\u2019Ouest et Centre : Cameroun, Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Soudan, Sud Soudan, Guin\u00e9e, RDC, Guin\u00e9e Equatoriale et\nR\u00e9publique Centre Afrique. Autres : USA, Canada, Turquie, Qatar, Australie, Gabon, B\u00e9nin, Angola, Ghana, Japon, Oman,\nKowe\u00eft et L\u2019Arabie Saoudite\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n\nLes personnes interrog\u00e9es \u00e9voquent majoritairement des raisons \u00e9conomiques\ncomme motif de leur d\u00e9placement, ils repr\u00e9sentent 63,24 %, tandis que celles\nqui \u00e9voquent des conflits ou des raisons politiques repr\u00e9sentent 22% (Fig.6), les\nressortissants centrafricains constituent la majorit\u00e9 de ce groupe.\n\n\nFigure 7\nFigure 6\n\n\n\n**Motifs de d\u00e9placement**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Motifs 'Conflits' & 'Raisons**\n**politiques'**\n**par nationalit\u00e9**\n\n\nCentrafricaine\n\n\nSoudanaise\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTchadienne\n\n\nCamerounaise\n\n\nNigeriane\n\n\nNigerienne\n\n\nBurkinab\u00e9e\n\n\nMalienne\n\n\nSud Soudanaise\n\n\nAutres\n\n\n\nPlus de la moiti\u00e9 (52%) des personnes interrog\u00e9es n\u2019ont re\u00e7u qu\u2019une \u00e9ducation\ninformelle (Fig.8).\n\n\nFigure 8\n\n**Niveau d'\u00e9ducation**\n\n\n52%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n#### Risques de protection encourus\n\n\nLes personnes en mouvements mixtes qui se d\u00e9placent sur le territoire tchadien\nsont quelque fois confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des incidents de protection. Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2023, 9% des personnes interrog\u00e9es rapportent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes ou t\u00e9moins\nd\u2019incidents de protection dont une majorit\u00e9 de cas de vol et d\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique. (Fig.9).\n\n\nFigure 9\n**Incidents de protection - Victimes**\n\n\n\nLe vol\n\n\nLes mauvais traitements physiques\n\n\nLa destruction ou confiscation des documents\n\n\nManque d\u2019abri\n\n\nLa d\u00e9tention\n\n\nTravail forc\u00e9\n\n\nLes abus sexuels\n\n\nProstitution forc\u00e9e\n\n\nEsclavage\n\n\nEnl\u00e8vement\n\n#### R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement\n\n\n\n35,06%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPendant la p\u00e9riode sous revue, 429 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es vers le HCR et\nd\u2019autres organisations humanitaires (Fig.10), la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9tant des migrants\n\u00e9conomiques et ces personnes ont re\u00e7u diverses formes d\u2019assistance : comme le\nd\u00e9clenchement d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile, l\u2019accueil et la distribution de denr\u00e9es\nalimentaires et non alimentaires ainsi que la r\u00e9unification familiale.\n\n\nFigure 10\n\n**R\u00e9f\u00e9rencements**\n\n\n\nUNHCR\n\n\nOIM\n\n\nCNARR\n\n\nCNARR/UNHCR\n\n\nCICR\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n\n\nFigure 12\nFigure 11\n\n\n\n**Raison de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement**\n\n\nPotentiel demandeur d'asile / r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\n\n\n\n\n\n**Orientation vers assistance**\n\n\n\n\n\nProc\u00e9dure de demande d'asile\n\n\nServices d'accueil logement,\nvetements, nourriture\n\n\nRecherche r\u00e9unification familiale\n\n\nTransfert d'urgence\n\n\nAutre\n\n\n\nMigrant \u00e9conomique\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9 interne/ retourn\u00e9 / rapatri\u00e9\n\n\nVictime de traite\n\n\nEnfant s\u00e9par\u00e9(e) ou non\naccompagne\u00e9\n\n\nFemme en situation de risque\n\n\nAutre\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### Sensibilisation sur les risques de protection\n\nLes activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation en vue de pr\u00e9venir ou de mitiger les risques de\nprotection li\u00e9s aux mouvements mixtes irr\u00e9guliers ont permis de toucher environ\n27.600 personnes dont des migrants, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des populations h\u00f4tes. Les\nth\u00e8mes des campagnes de sensibilisations anim\u00e9es par ont port\u00e9 entre autres sur\nles causes et cons\u00e9quences des mouvements irr\u00e9guliers mixtes, les dangers li\u00e9s\naux mouvements pendulaires, les droits et devoirs des personnes en situation de\nmouvements mixtes, les droits et devoirs des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la coh\u00e9sion sociale en\nmilieu scolaire, etc.\n\n#### R\u00e9admission\n\n\nEn 2023, il n\u2019y a eu aucun cas de r\u00e9admission facilit\u00e9. Toutefois depuis 2018, le\nHCR a facilit\u00e9 la r\u00e9admission au Tchad de 41 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvement secondaire\nau Niger et en Tunisie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la collaboration tant avec les autorit\u00e9s qu\u2019avec\nl\u2019OIM.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MOUVEMENTS MIXTES > **Tchad** / JANVIER-DECEMBRE 2023\n\n\n**CONTACTS**\n\n\n**Dossou Patrice Ahouansou**, Deputy Representative (Protection), Tchad\n\n\nahouanso@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Moulaye Taifour Aidara**, Senior Protection Officer, Tchad\n\n\naidara@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Terri Moussa Adam**, Protection Associate (Mixed Movements), Tchad\n\n\nmoussat@unhcr.org\n\n\n**Ahmed Merdoukh**, Information Management Officer, Tchad\n\n\nmerdoukh@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LIENS**\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org | UNHCR Data Portal - Chad | UNHCR Chad\n\n\nTwitter | Facebook\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de81ea03-accd-4db5-ac2b-31d6cc1ee0ea/UNHCR%20Chad%20Mixed%20Migration%20Route%2001-12.2023%20FR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_691/raw/doc_691_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_691/raw/doc_691_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0f70227e831996b9cf720d7d79aff94d14e71352..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_691/raw/doc_691_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ec68ad5-c1b5-4440-a906-85f1bd16b364/UNHCR%20Colombia%20Nexo%20Cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%2C%20p%C3%A9rdida%20de%20biodiversidad%20y%20desplazamiento%20forzado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ec68ad5-c1b5-4440-a906-85f1bd16b364/UNHCR%20Colombia%20Nexo%20Cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%2C%20p%C3%A9rdida%20de%20biodiversidad%20y%20desplazamiento%20forzado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ec68ad5-c1b5-4440-a906-85f1bd16b364/UNHCR%20Colombia%20Nexo%20Cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%2C%20p%C3%A9rdida%20de%20biodiversidad%20y%20desplazamiento%20forzado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ec68ad5-c1b5-4440-a906-85f1bd16b364/UNHCR%20Colombia%20Nexo%20Cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%2C%20p%C3%A9rdida%20de%20biodiversidad%20y%20desplazamiento%20forzado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4ec68ad5-c1b5-4440-a906-85f1bd16b364/UNHCR%20Colombia%20Nexo%20Cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%2C%20p%C3%A9rdida%20de%20biodiversidad%20y%20desplazamiento%20forzado.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_692/raw/doc_692_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_692/raw/doc_692_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 21f9cb72c09d679e7e1d9c6848b961d7e2e3bea4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_692/raw/doc_692_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Favoriser et renforcer les solutions locales pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes en R\u00e9publique du Congo\n\n_des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes_\nF\u00e9vrier 2024\n\n\n_Symbole d'int\u00e9gration depuis le d\u00e9but de l'afflux des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la RDC arriv\u00e9s en 2022 \u00e0 Ngab\u00e9, dans le Pool,_\n_qui vivent et travaillent parmi les populations locales. \u00a9 UNHCR/Cyprien Cheval_\n\n\noriginaires de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Signataire de\nla Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de son Protocole de 1967, ainsi que de la\n\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Afrique, la R\u00e9publique du Congo se caract\u00e9rise ainsi par un **contexte favorable**\n**socio-\u00e9conomique pour les personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es** .\nprotection positif, sans limite \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement, \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux (y compris la\nsant\u00e9 et l'\u00e9ducation) et au syst\u00e8me judiciaire, ainsi qu'\u00e0 un acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 du travail.\n\n\nint\u00e9gration socio-\u00e9conomique dans\n\n\n_1_ _dans ce document le terme de \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s_\n_personnes sous mandat du HCR._\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux communaut\u00e9s les accueillant. Ceci a notamment permis des initiatives favorisant\n\ninclusion socio-\u00e9conomique telles que **le projet de filets sociaux Lisungi, financ\u00e9 par la Banque**\n**mondiale**, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tendu au d\u00e9partement de la Likouala en 2021.\n\n\nEn accord avec le Pacte mondial sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, divers partenariats et collaboration ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nacc\u00e8s accru aux services de base, aux syst\u00e8mes de protection nationaux et aux opportunit\u00e9s\n\u00e9conomiques. Cette approche inclusive illustre le changement de paradigme d'un mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire \u00e0 un **mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9ponse aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ax\u00e9 sur l'inclusion et le d\u00e9veloppement, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant**\n\net ainsi aux populations locales et favorisant le vivre ensemble.\n\n\ndu **r\u00f4le de facilitateur du** **HCR visant \u00e0**\n\n_based approach_ ) contribue au d\u00e9veloppement local et \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion sociale via la participation active\n\n\n\n\n## Am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie\n\n**appui du secteur priv\u00e9 pour la construction 45 abris en mat\u00e9riaux locaux** \u00e0 B\u00e9tou\n**2021**\n(Likouala) pour des m\u00e9nages r\u00e9cemment arriv\u00e9s\n\n\nsecteur priv\u00e9 au profit de 274 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en provenance de R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA)\n\n**Entreprise Likouala Timber**\n\n\n**Inclusion du village de Moungoungui** (Likouala) dans le **programme** **national de filets sociaux**\n**Lisungi**\n\n\nnombre d'autochtones vuln\u00e9rables re\u00e7oivent \u00e0 Moungoungui des transferts mon\u00e9taires\n\nconditionnels trimestriels.\n\n**UGP Lisungi** **Banque mondiale**\n\n\n**2022**\n\n**Extension du projet Lisungi au d\u00e9partement de la Likouala** par le financement additionnel de **33**\n**millions de dollars** pour la r\u00e9ponse au Covid-19 en juin 2022\n\n**-19** sur plus de 2 600 m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023**\n\n\n\nEn 2023, 2 162 m\u00e9nages de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de transferts mon\u00e9taires conditionnels (sant\u00e9,\n\u00e9ducation, protection sociale) et 2 917 m\u00e9nages de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d'esp\u00e8ces pour mener\ndes Activit\u00e9s G\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de Revenu (AGR).\n\n\n**Appui en terrassement, organisation et adressage des ruelles du village de Moungoungui**\n\n**Am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie** des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la population h\u00f4te favorisant la coh\u00e9sion\n\nsociale\n**Entreprise La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM)**\n\n\n**appui du secteur priv\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9habilitation du centre polyvalent de B\u00e9tou**\n\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au sein du centre polyvalent\n**Entreprise Likouala Timber**\n\n\n**Inclusion du groupement ''Vision Plus'' de mara\u00eechers** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** de B\u00e9tou dans le **Projet national**\n**de D\u00e9veloppement de l'Agriculture Commerciale** (PDAC) financ\u00e9 par la Banque mondiale\n\n**Am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance** des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n**PDAC du Minist\u00e8re de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la P\u00eache - Banque mondiale**\n\n\n\nAcheminement de **deux tonnes de fournitures m\u00e9dicales au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de 17 formations sanitaires**\n**2021**\naccompagn\u00e9 de **formation du personnel et de r\u00e9habilitation de locaux** dans le d\u00e9partement de la\nLikouala dans le cadre du projet Lisungi\n\n\n**Inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le programme national \u00e9largi de vaccination contre la** **COVID-19 et**\n**dans d'autres services de sant\u00e9 primaire**\n\n**COVID-19** sur les m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables\n**Banque mondiale -**\n\n**- districts sanitaires - autorit\u00e9s locales**\n\n\n\n**2022**\n\n\n**2023**\n\n\n\nPlaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s d\u00e9partementales en vue du **renforcement des capacit\u00e9s du**\n**personnel \u00e9tatique du centre de sant\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 (CSI) de B\u00e9tou**\n\n**Transformation du CSI en h\u00f4pital de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence** avec un renforcement des ressources\n\nhumaines (19 nouveaux agents) & am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de prise en charge des patients\n\n**Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population**\n\n\nPlaidoyer aupr\u00e8s du Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population pour le **d\u00e9veloppement**\n\n\net pour le d\u00e9ploiement de personnel m\u00e9dical dans les structures de\nsant\u00e9\ndans la planification nationale\n\n**Mission conjointe HCR-Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9** sur le terrain en vue de d\u00e9velopper la\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Renforcement des ressources humaines** dans les trois structures de sant\u00e9 soutenues par\n\nle HCR (d\u00e9ploiement de 10 membres du personnel m\u00e9dical national)\n\n**Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Population**\n**2023** Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des agences des\nsecteur de la sant\u00e9 et de la nutrition pour\n**programmation**\n\n-2025 **du Fonds**\n**mondial de lutte contre le sida, le paludisme et la tuberculose,** et dans le **projet national**\n\nvisant au renforcement du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, afin que les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient gratuitement de la campagne nationale de vaccination\n\n**OMS, UNICEF, PAM, Banque mondiale**\n\n\n**Inclusion des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** dans le programme annuel \u00e9largi de **vaccination du Fonds GAVI**\n\n\n**Renforcement en ressources humaines** : dans chaque centre de sant\u00e9 d\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, au moins une sage-femme et un psychologue du FNUAP sont affect\u00e9s. Le\n\n\n**Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Population** **FNUAP**\n\n\n**de la Likouala et des Plateaux**\n\nSur fonds propres et sous impulsion du HCR, MDA r\u00e9alise des activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9pistage et de\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rencement de la malnutrition au niveau communautaire, ainsi que des sensibilisations\n\n**UNICEF** **MDA**\n\n\n_Soins de sant\u00e9 dispens\u00e9s \u00e0 une r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e au centre de sant\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de B\u00e9tou, dans la Likouala,_\n\n_\u00e9galement \u00e0 la population locale._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Armand Christ Kiyaloulou_\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023**\n\n\n**2021**\n\n\n\nmanuels scolaires dans les zones recul\u00e9es accueillant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\u00e8s \u00e0 une \u00e9ducation de qualit\u00e9 par la distribution de **nouveaux manuels**\n**aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et congolais \u00e0 Ngab\u00e9, dans les Plateaux et dans la Likouala**\n**Banque mondiale**\n\n\n**Mobilisation du secteur priv\u00e9** pour la fourniture de kits scolaires aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbains \u00e0 Brazzaville\net Pointe noire\n\nOctroi de **131 kits scolaires \u00e0 Brazzaville et 60 \u00e0 Pointe-Noire aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables** afin de\n\n\n**Fondation Burotop-Iris**\n\n\n**la scolarit\u00e9** pour les nouveaux arrivants accueillis \u00e0 Ngab\u00e9 (Pool)\n\n\n**d\u00e9concentr\u00e9s**\n\n\nMobilisation de **appui du secteur priv\u00e9** **construction** **de la cantine** **scolaire** de\nprimaire de Moungoungui en **partenariat avec les structures communautaires**\n\n\nla nutrition et \u00e0\n**Entreprise La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM)**\n\n## ne et\n\n\n**et assainissement au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de** **6**\n**911 nouveaux arrivants** en provenance de R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (150 kg de chlore, 1 368 000\n\n, 161 cartons de purificateurs 0 000\nlatrine et 150 cartons de kits de dignit\u00e9)\n\n\n**d'hygi\u00e8ne**\n**UNICEF**\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2021**\n\n\n**2022**\n\n\n\nMobilisation du secteur priv\u00e9 pour la **construction de 50 latrines familiales** **pour les** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et**\n\n**populations h\u00f4tes de Moungoungui**\n\n\n**Entreprise La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM)**\n\n## Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la protection sociale et aux opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques\n\n\n**Mobilisation du secteur priv\u00e9 pour le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s techniques et professionnelles** afin\n\nugi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers la formation de 24 ouvriers originaires de RCA et de RDC dans le\nsecteur de la construction\n\n\n**communautaires** \u00e0 B\u00e9tou et Moungoungui\n\n\n**Entreprise Likouala Timber**\n\n\n**Partenariat avec l'Institut europ\u00e9en de coop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement (IECD) pour le financement**\n\n**de la formation de 16 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** (10 femmes et six hommes) qui g\u00e8rent leur propre entreprise. Ils ont\n\n\u00e9galement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de la formation \"Top Vente\" de\n\n\nAmelioration de la capacit\u00e9 des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de leurs m\u00e9nages\n(\u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9, logement et nutrition) malgr\u00e9 les contraintes du contexte Covid, par une\ngestion efficace de leurs activit\u00e9s. Il y a une r\u00e9elle volont\u00e9 de se prendre en charge\n\n\n**ONG IECD**\n\n\nAm\u00e9lioration de la **s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire**\ngroupement de 30 membres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e (dont 60% de femmes)\n\n\n**Allemagne**\n\n**Participation \u00e0 une formation sur les techniques de gestion d'activit\u00e9s agropastorales**\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 une formation sur les techniques de gestion d'activit\u00e9s agropastorales \u00e0 Kinkala (Pool)\n\ndemandeur d'asile de Bou\u00e9mba et un congolais de Bouanga (Plateaux) ayant par la suite\npermis la r\u00e9alisation de leurs projets d'\u00e9levage avec un appui financier du HCR\n\n**FAO**\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2022**\n\n\n**2023**\n\n\n\n**Ambassade de France au Congo**\n\n\n**Mobilisation du secteur priv\u00e9 pour renforcer les activit\u00e9s de** **reboisement** et de limitation de\n\n\nOctroi de **50 plants de cacaoyers** **(culture de rente)** **pour les** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de** **B\u00e9tou**\n\nen **r\u00e9duisant la coupe de plantes foresti\u00e8res** pour la fabrication du charbon.\n**Entreprise Likouala Timber**\n\n\nProClimat ; Projet Agroforesterie Nord Congo)\n\n**Prise** **en** **compte accrue des besoins et des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **et de leur communaut\u00e9**\n\n\n**Banque mondiale**\n\n\n\n_Le groupe ''Vision Plus'' de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mara\u00eechers de B\u00e9tou (Likouala) a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenu par le Projet d'Appui au D\u00e9veloppement de l'Agriculture_\n_Commerciale - PDAC du gouvernement financ\u00e9 par la Banque Mondiale en 2023. \u00a9 UNHCR/Armand Christ Kiyaloulou_\n\n\n**CONTACTS**\n**Jessica Som\u00e9 |** Senior Development Officer **|** somei@unhcr.org\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bc3cb120-5ec7-4933-92f8-7f18bd36480c/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20et%20communaut%C3%A9s%20h%C3%B4tes%20Fev%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_693/raw/doc_693_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_693/raw/doc_693_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 30ea74efc8cb219454eff6342db549cd47218b89..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_693/raw/doc_693_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Promoting and strengthening local solutions for refugees and host communities in the Republic of Congo\n\n_Non-transactional support mechanisms for socio-economic inclusion refugees and host communities_\n\n\nFebruary 2024\n\n\n_Symbol of integration since the beginning of the influx of refugees from the DRC arrived in 2022 in Ngab\u00e9, in the_\n_Pool, who live and work among local populations. \u00a9 UNHCR/Cyprien Cheval_\n\n\nThe Republic of Congo hosts **over 65,000 refugees and asylum seekers** **[1]** **,** mainly from the\nCentral African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Signatory to the 1951\nConvention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, as well as the\nOrganization of African Unity's Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee\nProblems in Africa, the Republic of Congo is characterized by a **context conducive to the**\n**socio-economic inclusion of refugees.** The latter benefit from a positive protection\nenvironment, with no restrictions on freedom of movement, access to social services\n(including health and education) and to the judicial system, as well as access to the labor\nmarket.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As early as 2017, the Republic of Congo committed to local solutions for socio-economic\nintegration in its _Lettre de Politique de D\u00e9veloppement_ related to support for refugees and their\nhost communities. This has notably enabled initiatives promoting socio-economic inclusion\nsuch as **the Lisungi social safety net project, funded by the World Bank,** which was extended\nto the Likouala Department in 2021.\n\n\nIn line with the Global Compact on Refugees, diversified partnerships and collaboration have\nbeen developed since 2021 in the Republic of Congo to strengthen empowerment through\nincreased access to basic services, national protection systems and economic opportunities.\nThis whole of society approach illustrates the **paradigm shift from a humanitarian response**\n**model to a refugee response model focused on inclusion and development**, benefiting\nrefugee hosting areas, and thus local populations and promoting living together.\nConcrete examples of the impact of\nthe socio-economic inclusion of refugees and the populations hosting them are detailed\nbelow. This multisectoral area-based approach contributes to local development and social\ncohesion through the active participation of communities and diverse actors.\n\n\nThis has resulted in **increased access to basic services** (education, health, housing, social\nprotection) **and economic opportunities in remote localities**, ensuring the preservation of\n**fundamental rights** and leaving no one behind. This has also made it possible to develop\n**environmental protection** activities and has contributed to the **promotion and maintenance**\n**of social cohesion** .\n\n## Improving living conditions 18,132,793 USD\n\n\n**2021** Mobilization of **private-sector support for the construction of 45 shelters in local materials** in\n\nB\u00e9tou (Likouala) for the recently arrived families.\n\nImprovement of living conditions in an emergency context with private sector support\n\nfor 274 refugees from the Central African Republic (CAR)\n\n**Likouala Timber Company**\n\n\n**Inclusion of the Moungoungui village (Likouala) in the Lisungi national program of social safety**\n**nets**\n\n550 refugee families (1,300 people), the host community and many other vulnerable\n\ncommunity members receive quarterly conditional cash transfers in Moungoungui.\n\n**UGP Lisungi** **World Bank**\n\n\n\n**2022**\n\n\n\n**Extension of the Lisungi project to the** **Likouala** **department** **with additional funding of** **$33**\n**million** for the Covid-19 response in June 2022\n\n\n**Reduced impact of Covid-19 crisis on more than 2,600 vulnerable households.**\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023**\n\n\n\nIn 2023, 2,162 refugee households benefited from conditional cash transfers (health,\neducation, social protection) and 2,917 refugee households benefited from cash to carry out\nIncome Generating Activities (IGA).\n\n\n**Support for earthworks, organization and addressing of alleyways in the Moungoungui village**\n\nImprovement of the living environment of refugees and the host population promoting\n\nsocial cohesion\n**La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM) Company**\n\n\nMobilizing **private-sector support for the rehabilitation of the B\u00e9tou multi-purpose center**\n\n**Improving reception conditions** for refugees at the multi-purpose center\n\n**Likouala Timber Company**\n\n\n**Inclusion of the ''Vision Plus'' group of refugee market gardeners** from B\u00e9tou in the **national**\n**Commercial Agriculture Development Project** ( PDAC) financed by the World Bank.\n\n**Improving the livelihoods** of refugees\n\n\n**PDAC of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries - World Bank**\n\n## Improving access to health and nutrition services 5,762,100 USD\n\n\n\n**2021** Delivery of **two tons of medical supplies to 17 health facilities** accompanied by **staff training**\n**and rehabilitation of installations** in the department of Likouala as part of the Lisungi project.\n\n\n**Inclusion of refugees in the expanded national COVID-19 vaccination program and other**\n**primary health services**\n\n**Reducing the impact of the COVID-19 crisis** on vulnerable households\n\n\n**World Bank - Ministry of Social Affairs, Solidarity and Humanitarian Action - health**\n**districts - local authorities**\n\n\n\n**2022**\n\n\n**2023**\n\n\n\nCall for department authorities to **build the capacity of state healthcare staff at the B\u00e9tou**\n**integrated healthcare center (CSI).**\n\n\n**Transformation of the CSI into a Referral Hospital** with a boost to its human resources (19\n\nnew staff) & an improvement in the standard of patient care.\n**Ministry of Public Health and Population**\n\n\nAdvocacy with the Ministry of Public Health and Population for **the development of a**\n**strategy for the inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers in the health system at the local**\n**and national level** and for the deployment of medical personnel in the structures of UNHCRsupported health to include the needs of refugees and asylum seekers in national planning.\n\n\n**Joint UNHCR-Ministry of Health** field mission to develop sectoral inclusion strategy.\nAssessment of current needs with a view to improving the quality of care in refugee\nhosting areas\n**Reinforcing human resources** in the three UNHCR-supported health facilities\n\n(deployment of 10 national medical staff)\n**Ministry of Health and Population**\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2023** Advocacy with UN agencies and development actors working in the health and nutrition\n\nsector to include refugee hosting areas in their planning.\n**Inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers in the 2023-2025 grant from the Global**\n**Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, and in the national 'Kobikissa' project**\n**(World Bank)** aimed specifically at health system strengthening, so that refugees benefit free\nof charge from the national vaccination campaign.\n\n**WHO, UNICEF, WFP, World Bank**\n\n\n**Inclusion of refugees** in the\n\n\n**Strengthening of human resources:** a minimum of one UNFPA midwife and psychologist\nare assigned to each health center in refugee hosting areas. UNFPA also provides delivery\n\nkits and family planning kits.\n**Ministry of Health and Population - UNFPA**\n\n\n**Regular UNICEF support for nutritional inputs in** health centers including refugee -hosting\nareas.\n\n\n**Likouala and Plateaux departments**\n\nWith its core funds and under the incentive of UNHCR, MDA carries out screening and\nreferral activities for malnutrition at community level, as well as awareness-raising\n\nactivities.\n\n**UNICEF** **MDA**\n\n\n_Health care for a refugee at the B\u00e9tou integrated health center in the Likouala_ _region, where the local population also_\n_benefits from improved health care services._\n_UNHCR/Armand Christ Kiyaloulou_\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2022**\n\n\n**2023**\n\n\n**2021**\n\n\n## Improving access to education and learning conditions 19,928 USD\n\n**Advocacy for provision of school kits** for refugee children\n\nDelivering school kits to **308 refugee children from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)**\n**in Ngab\u00e9** (Pool), offering immediate access to learning opportunities after displacement and\n\nlimiting school drop-out.\n**UNICEF**\n\n\n**Mobilization of the private sector** to support the response to new arrivals and host populations\nthrough the **construction of 30 school tables** for the Moungoungui elementary school.\n\nImproving learning conditions for refugee (500) and local children and reinforcing school\n\ninclusion\n**La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM) Company**\n\n\n**Collaboration with the World Bank's PRAASED project** to facilitate the distribution of schoolbooks\nin remote areas hosting refugees.\n\n\nImproved access to quality education through the distribution of **new schoolbooks to refugee**\n**and Congolese pupils in Ngab\u00e9, Plateaux and Likouala.**\n**World Bank**\n\n\n**Mobilization of the private sector** to supply school kits to urban refugees in Brazzaville and PointeNoire.\n\nGranting of **131 school kits in Brazzaville and 60 in Pointe-Noire to vulnerable refugees** to\n\noffer them equitable access to education and improve their learning conditions.\n**Burotop-Iris Foundation**\n\n\nAdvocacy at local, departmental, and ministerial level **for tuition-free schooling** for new arrivals in\nNgab\u00e9 (Pool)\n\nStrengthening equitable and inclusive access to education for refugee pupils\n**Ministry of Primary, Secondary and Literacy Education and decentralized services**\n\n\nMobilization **of private sector support for the construction of the Moungoungui elementary school**\n**canteen** in partnership with the **local community structures.**\n\nImproved learning conditions for refugee and national students through access to nutrition\nand better conditions of hygiene.\n**La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB-OLAM) Company**\n\n## Ensuring access to water, hygiene and sanitation 98,177 USD\n\n\n**Integrated water, hygiene and sanitation response to 6,911 new arrivals** from the Central African\nRepublic (150 kg chlorine, 1,368,000 water purification tablets, 161 water purifier cartons, 50,000L\nwater, 349 latrine slabs and 150 dignity kit cartons)\n\n\n**Improved access to safe drinking water and promotion good hygiene practices**\n**UNICEF**\n\n\nMobilization of the private sector to **build 50 family latrines for refugees and host populations**\n**of Moungoungui**\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2021**\n\n\n\n**Improved access to drinking water**\n**La Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB** **OLAM) Company**\n\n## Access to training and economic opportunities 14,248 USD\n\n\n**Mobilization of the private sector to strengthen technical and professional capacities** and build refugee\nskills through the training of 24 workers from CAR and DRC in the construction sector.\n\nParticipation of workers trained in the **rehabilitation and construction of shelters in community**\n**infrastructure** in B\u00e9tou and Moungoungui\n\n\n**Likouala Timber Company**\n\n\n**Partnership with the European Institute for Cooperation and Development (IECD) to finance the**\n**training of 16 refugees** (10 women and six men) who run their own businesses. They also benefited\n\n\nImproving the capacity of beneficiaries to meet the needs of their households (education, health,\nhousing, and nutrition) despite the constraints of the Covid context, through effective\nmanagement of their activities. There is a real willingness to take charge.\n\n\n**NGO IECD**\n\n\n\n**Support for the development of a market gardening site in Moungoungui** by granting agricultural\n**2022**\ntools.\n\n\nImproving **food security** and livelihoods benefits from a group of 30 host and refugee\n\ncommunity members (60% women)\n\n\n**German Embassy**\n\n\n**Participation in training on agropastoral management techniques**\n\nAccess to training on techniques for managing agropastoral activities in Kinkala (Pool) of an\nasylum seeker from Bou\u00e9mba and a Congolese from Bouanga (Plateaux) who subsequently\n\nallowed the realization of their livestock projects with financial support from UNHCR.\n**FAO**\n\n## Promoting environmental preservation 17,030 USD\n\n\n**Training and provision of farming tools** to 50 members of the environmental protection brigade\nin reforestation and erosion treatment techniques.\n\n\n\n**2021**\n\n\n**2022**\n\n\n\n**Community capacity-building to fight the effects of climate change** through integrated\nactions: development of water drainage channels, reforestation, revegetation and site\nbackfilling, creation of a 1000-tree nursery in Bou\u00e9mba.\n\n**Fighting erosion in refugee reception sites and reinforcing social cohesion** for the benefit\nof 8,000 asylum seekers and 5,000 people from local communities.\n\n**French Embassy in Congo**\n\n\n**Mobilization of the private sector to enhance reforestation activities** and limit the impact of the\npresence of refugees.\n\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Allocation of **50 cocoa tree seedlings (cash crop) for the B\u00e9tou refugees** so that they can\nsupport their self-empowerment efforts and contribute to environmental protection efforts\nby **reducing the cutting of forest plants** for charcoal-making.\n**Likouala Timber Company**\n\n\n**Collaboration with the project management units of environment-related projects** ( _Projet_\n_d'appui aux activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques inclusives et r\u00e9silientes au changement climatique_ - ProClimat;\n_Projet Agroforesterie Nord Congo_ ) for the inclusion of refugee hosting areas.\n\n\n**Increased** **consideration of** **the needs and specificities of refugees and their host**\n**communities** in project design and implementation.\n\n\n**World Bank**\n\n\n**2023**\n\n\n_The ''Vision Plus'' group of refugee market farmers from B\u00e9tou (Likouala) has been selected by the government's World Bank-funded_\n\n_Projet d'Appui au D\u00e9veloppement de l'Agriculture Commerciale - PDAC in 2023. UNHCR/Armand Christ Kiyaloulou_\n\n\n**CONTACTS**\n**Jessica Som\u00e9 |** Senior Development Officer **|** somei@unhcr.org\n\n\nUNHCR Congo page - Twitter - Facebook\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f8a421ee-42c9-4fcc-8c90-b6a65a91b9ce/UNHCR%20Congo%20Solutions%20for%20refugees%20and%20host%20communities%20Feb%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_694/raw/doc_694_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_694/raw/doc_694_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c6be17e272152b92693d094139637aecaaa79e29..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_694/raw/doc_694_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,345 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Supplementary Appeal\n\n**January - December 2017**\n\n\nJUNE 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n\n\n_Congolese refugees making their way to the pre-registration point near Dundo, Angola._\n_UNHCR / A. TELO_\n\n\nii UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Contents\n\nAT A GLANCE 1\n\n\nINTRODUCTION 2\n\nPopulations of concern 3\n\nFinancial summary 3\n\nRegional strategy and coordination 4\n\n\nANGOLA 7\n\nExisting response 7\n\nStrategy and coordination 8\n\nPlanned activities 9\n\nFinancial requirements 12\n\n\nDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 14\n\nExisting response 14\n\nStrategy and coordination 14\n\nPlanned activities 16\n\nFinancial requirements 17\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 iii\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### At a glance\n\n###### 1.4 million people of concern as of 31 May 2017\n\nSudden and high levels of displacement from\n\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo into\n\nAngola since April 2017 have required an\n\nemergency response and the revision of\n\ninitial planning figures. UNHCR is\n\nestablishing a supplementary budget to\n\nprotect and assist up to 50,000 new\n\nCongolese refugee arrivals to Angola in\n\n2017. Information on UNHCR\u2019s response to\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugees\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\ninternal displacement in the DRC, for which\n\nthere are no additional requirements, are\n\n\n\n\n\nalso included in this document.\n\n###### US$102.5 million [1] is needed in financial requirements for the Congolese situation for\n\nJanuary to December 2017, including $36.7 million [1] in supplementary requirements for April to\n\nDecember 2017.\n\n\n\n**ANGOLA**\n\n\n**DRC**\n\n\n**REGIONAL**\n\n**AND**\n**GLOBAL**\n\n\n\n$34.1 million\n\n\n\n$65.8 million\n\n\n\n$0.2 million\n\n\n\n1 All dollar signs denote US dollars. Includes support costs (7%).\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Introduction\n\nThe escalating violence in the Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has\n\ninternally displaced 1.3 million civilians inside the country. The rate of internal displacement due to\n\nthe Kasai conflict is now estimated at an average of 8,000 people per day. Protection concerns and\n\nhuman rights violations have been reported, indicating a high risk that the situation could develop\n\ninto a large-scale inter-community conflict. Most civilians in areas affected by the conflict are at risk\n\nof serious human rights violations, including physical mutilation, killing, sexual violence, arbitrary\n\narrest, and detention in inhumane conditions.\n\n\nThe Angolan Government is keeping its borders open, allowing UNHCR unhindered access to\n\nformal and informal border crossing points. According to the Angolan Government, since April 2017\n\nover 30,000 Congolese\u2014mainly from the Kamako area of Kasai, and arriving into Lunda Norte\n\nProvince in Northern Angola\u2014have crossed the border in order to save their lives and to seek\n\nasylum. The daily rate of arrival ranges between 300 and 500 people a day. Besides the\n\nindiscriminate and brutal violence targeting civilians, the recently reported shortage of food in the\n\nKamako area is forcing people to flee. UNHCR has so far pre-registered some 25,700 refugees of\n\nwhom 75 per cent are women, children and elderly. UNHCR has also identified a number of\n\nunaccompanied and separated children, as well as older persons at risk and female-headed\n\nhouseholds, all requiring urgent protection interventions. The Angolan authorities continue to\n\nconduct screening at the border to establish the civilian nature of the new arrivals.\n\n\nCongolese asylum-seekers are staying in Mussungue and Cacanda reception centres in Dundo,\n\nLunda Norte. They have indicated that they do not have immediate plans to return to the DRC due\n\nto the insecurity in their areas of origin. The condition in the reception centres remains extremely\n\npoor and congested, making it difficult for humanitarian agencies to provide basic services. A new\n\nsite has been identified, and its development and the relocation of refugees from the two existing\n\nreception centres are priorities.\n\n\nUNHCR expects the influx to Angola will continue and that an estimated 50,000 people will likely\n\nseek refuge in 2017. The unforeseen influx has stretched the Office\u2019s capacity to respond in Angola.\n\nThe sudden and increased needs in 2017 for refugee protection and assistance are detailed in this\n\nsupplementary appeal.\n\n\n2 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Populations of concern\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCongolese refugees from\n**ANGOLA** 30,000 50,000\nKasai region\n\n\n**DRC** IDPs 1,370,900 408,000\n\n\n**TOTAL** **1,400,900** **458,047**\n\n###### Financial summary\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (ExCom) budget for the Angola operation in 2017 was $2.5 million.\n\nTo respond to the refugee influx from the DRC, UNHCR has established a supplementary budget\n\nfor the requirements presented in this appeal, amounting to $36.7 million.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s ExCom budget for operations in the DRC in 2017 amounts to $234.3 million. This includes\n\n$65.8 million to address the needs of IDPs, for which UNHCR has already planned responses within\n\nits programmes and for which there are no additional requirements.\n\n\nThe total revised 2017 requirements for the Angola refugee response, including additional\n\nrequirements, now amount to $102.5 million.\n\n\nCONGOLESE SITUATION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|OPERATION|ExCom-approved
budget excluding
the Congolese
situation|ExCom budget
and subsequent
adjustments
related to the
Congolese
situation|Additional
requirements|Total|Total revised
requirements|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**ANGOLA**|2,538,116|-|34,104,068|34,104,068|**36,642,184**|\n|**DRC**|168,533,771|65,779,129|-|65,779,129|**234,312,900**|\n|**REGIONAL AND**
**GLOBAL ACTIVITIES**|4,901,972|-|200,000|200,000|**5,101,972**|\n|SUBTOTAL|175,973,859|65,779,129|34,304,068|100,083,197|**276,057,056**|\n|Support costs (7 per cent)|-|-|2,401,285|2,401,285|**2,401,285**|\n|**TOTAL**|**175,973,859**|**65,779,129**|**36,705,353**|**102,484,482**|**278,458,341**|\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Regional strategy and coordination\n\n###### Strategy overview\n\nUNHCR\u2019s regional strategy aims to ensure access to territory, and provide international protection\n\nand life-saving humanitarian assistance for the displaced.\n\n\n**Ensure access to territory for refugees seeking asylum**\n\nUNHCR\u2019s primary objective is to ensure that asylum-seekers have access to safe territory and\n\nasylum. UNHCR will also advocate that the principle of non-refoulement, which protects refugees to\n\nbe returned where their lives are at risk, is respected and that asylum-seekers are not penalized for\n\nentering a territory. UNHCR will make all efforts to strengthen local protection capacity, including by\n\npromoting knowledge and skills that ensure a protection-centred response and facilitates the\n\ndevelopment of a strong asylum system.\n\n\n4 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Increase reception capacity in the refugee hosting country**\n\nThe sudden influx into Angola continues to overstretch the response capacity of the Government\n\nand local communities. Unless addressed immediately, limited reception capacity will result in\n\nincreased tension among refugees. UNHCR and partners will continue to increase capacity on the\n\nground with the emergency deployment of advanced teams who are focused on supporting refugees\n\nin close cooperation with local authorities. Registration, along with information campaigns, initially\n\nat the household level and then individually using biometric technology, are being carried out.\n\nIdentification and referral of people with specific needs to appropriate services will continue to be\n\nprioritized.\n\n\n**Provide protection and life-saving assistance**\n\nIn close cooperation with governments and partners, life-saving interventions will be key priorities\n\nduring the initial stages of the emergency. People in host communities in areas affected by violence\n\nin Kasai will also indirectly benefit from assistance. UNHCR will also continue to advocate for the\n\nsupport of development actors to pursue sustainable solutions, particularly in the health, education\n\nand livelihood sectors.\n\n###### Coordination and partnerships\n\nIn line with the Refugee Coordination Model, UNHCR leads and coordinates a refugee response\n\nwhich is inclusive and collaborative, and which enhances partnerships with host governments, UN\n\nagencies and NGO partners, as well as host communities. Technical meetings are organized per\n\nsector at the capital and sub-national levels.\n\n\nAn inter-ministerial Committee was created under the Minister of Defence, which consists of\n\nrepresentatives from the Ministries of the Interior, Health, Agriculture, Rural Development, Water\n\nand Energy, and Planning. The Ministry of Welfare and Social Reintegration (MINARS) coordinates\n\nthe emergency response in Angola. In mid-May, an inter-ministerial mission was undertaken, which\n\nbrought together 26 participants including representatives from the inter-ministerial Committee, the\n\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Angola and of the DRC, the Provincial Government, UNHCR, WFP,\n\nWHO, UNICEF and the UN Resident Coordinator. UNHCR will step up its efforts to support hosting\n\ncommunities and advocate for integrating the needs of the DRC refugees into provincial and national\n\ndevelopment plans.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Planning assumptions\n\n - The conflict in the Kasai region is is expected to continue to generate displacement\n\nwithin the DRC, as well as across the border into Angola.\n\n - The number of Congolese entering Angola from the Kasai region will continue to\n\nincrease rapidly.\n\n - It is expected that by the end of 2017, an estimated 50,000 DRC refugees fleeing\n\nviolence in Kasai will seek safety in Angola.\n\n - The number of arrivals per day will vary between 300-500 people while the borders will\n\nremain open to refugees seeking protection in Angola.\n\n - Humanitarian access to most of the affected areas inside the DRC will be limited, owing\n\nto the ongoing military operations and volatile security situation on both sides of the\n\nborder.\n\n - Conditions for safe and dignified return are not expected to be conducive by the end of\n\n2017.\n\n###### Preparedness planning and risk assessment\n\nIn response to a possible influx from the DRC, all UNHCR operations in the countries neighbouring\n\nthe DRC had prepared contingency plans. UNHCR continues to monitor the developments in Kasai\n\nregion and is increasing its capacity so as to keep its emergency response time at a minimum. For\n\nexample, in Angola, together with the Resident Coordinator, regular meetings are held with the key\n\nMinistries in the Government and partners to plan for response and identify possible risks. Reception\n\ncentres have been upgraded in Zambia along the DRC border, and preparedness plans developed\n\ntogether with key Government counterparts and partners.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Planned response\n\n###### Existing response\n\nSome 25,700 refugees have been registered so far by UNHCR at the household level (Level 1), and\n\n8,322 with individual (Level 2) registration. The rapid protection assessment, as well as the\n\npreliminary protection interviews conducted with the refugees at the pre-registration stage, revealed\n\nsevere atrocities committed by parties to the conflict. Women and children continue to arrive with\n\nmutilated limbs, machete cuts, or severe burns. Refugees have also reported rape, and the killing\n\nof children, wives and husbands in villages and while fleeing to the Angolan border.\n\n\nIn light of this tragedy, the Angolan Government has kept the borders open allowing refugees to\n\nreach safety while providing unhindered access by UNHCR to formal and informal border crossing\n\npoints. The authorities are engaged in separating armed elements and people suspected of\n\nbelonging to militias or Congolese armed forces among the civilian population, with a view to\n\nmaintaining the civilian character of asylum.\n\n\nUNHCR has set up joint emergency coordination mechanisms with the Angolan authorities to deliver\n\nlife-saving assistance, together with other UN agencies and NGOs, in a timely and effective manner,\n\nas well as to prepare for a situation which may deteriorate further. The emergency response in\n\nAngola is seriously affected by very limited national services in Lunda Norte Province and the limited\n\nnumber of implementing partners present in the country. The newly identified site where the new\n\nrefugee settlement is expected to be established is located some 85 kilometers from Dundo.\n\n\nConditions in the reception centers are extremely poor. They are over-crowded and cannot provide\n\nadequate protection to refugees under torrential rains in the evenings. Many children are suffering\n\nfrom fever and malaria, as well as other tropical diseases. The water and sanitation situation in both\n\nreception centers is below emergency standards.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid protection assessment", - "confidence": 0.9952442049980164, - "start": 48, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5207287669181824, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Angolan border", - "confidence": 0.5858778357505798, - "start": 117, - "end": 119 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.973435640335083, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "preliminary protection interviews", - "confidence": 0.5007634162902832, - "start": 56, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5025097727775574, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9503751397132874, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Strategy and coordination\n\nUNHCR\u2019s primary response for protection is to ensure the admission of refugees to safety in Angola\n\nand facilitate the movement of refugees from the border areas to the reception centers. Preliminary\n\nprotection interviews are regularly undertaken during the pre-registration of refugees. Biometric\n\nindividual registration is undertaken to obtain reliable planning data, identify people with\n\nvulnerabilities and specific needs, as well as to strengthen the delivery of humanitarian assistance.\n\nRefugees with specific needs, unaccompanied and separated children, single parents, refugees with\n\nserious medical conditions, as well as disabled and older refugees have been systematically\n\nidentified and referred for appropriate follow-up.\n\n\nHowever, it should be noted that the existing response capacity is nascent. Strengthening the\n\ncapacity of national service providers and engagement with communities as agents of protection is\n\nrequired to scale up protection in both refugee reception centres, as well as within the host\n\ncommunity. UNHCR therefore assigns a priority to strengthening the community leadership structure\n\nto promote peaceful coexistence and social cohesion among refugees, as well as between refugee\n\nand host communities. Two-way communication will be established to engage communities in\n\nmitigation of protection risks and to respond to the identified protection cases.\n\n\nInter-agency referral mechanisms will be developed between the protection actors present. UNHCR\n\nwill continue to advocate for refugees to have access to basic rights and services including\n\neducation, documentation, freedom of movement, and livelihood opportunities. In addition, UNHCR\n\nwill work with the Government to provide documentation attesting the legal status wherever needed\n\nand will continue to develop standard operating procedures to record refugee birth and death. In\n\nlight of the security context refugees are fleeing from, UNHCR will continue to advocate for\n\nmaintaining the civilian character of asylum in Angola.\n\n\nSpecialized services will be provided to children at risk, as well as survivors of sexual and gender\nbased violence (SGBV). The key areas of intervention in child protection will be identification of\n\nunaccompanied and separated children, family tracing and family reunification. Recreational\n\nactivities in coordination with refugee leaders and voluteers from the Angolan Red Cross Society\n\nwill be put in place. UNHCR will deploy an SGBV expert under the Safe from the Start project to\n\ndevelop a prevention and response strategy for survivors. The expert will also be in charge of\n\ncreating accessible, confidential, and survivor-centered multi-sectoral services in collaboration with\n\nother agencies.\n\n\nThe Angolan authorities will open a new site in L\u00f3ovua Municipality, which is located 45 km from the\n\nborder and some 85 km from Dundo. Site development started on 22 May following the positive\n\ntechnical assessment of UNHCR affirming the suitability of the site for refugee settlement.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometric\n\nindividual registration", - "confidence": 0.9269609451293945, - "start": 54, - "end": 57 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9809349179267883, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Angola", - "confidence": 0.9144798517227173, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7580530047416687, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Coordination and partnerships\n\nResponse coordination mechanisms were established at the beginning of the crisis. MINARS is\n\ncoordinating the humanitarian response on behalf of the Government. UNHCR has established a\n\ncoordination mechanism with MINARS both at national and provincial levels, and is as well working\n\nclosely with UN agencies and NGO partners to provide protection and assistance to newly arriving\n\nrefugees.\n\n\nThe refugee response in Angola is led and coordinated by the Government of Angola and UNHCR\n\nunder the leadership of its Representative in line with the Refugee Coordination Model. Inclusive\n\npartnership, collaboration and complementarity is ensured with and between sister UN agencies,\n\nNGOs, civil society and local authorities.\n\n###### Planned activities\n\n\n**Favourable protection environment**\n\n\n\n**Access to legal assistance**\n**and legal remedies**\n\n\n**Access to territory and risk**\n**of refoulement**\n\n\n\nProvide legal assistance and other related services to 50,000 refugees at the two existing\nreception centres (Cacanda and Mussungue) and the proposed site in L\u00f3vua.\n\n\nConduct border monitoring to formal and informal entry points and migration facilities in\nLunda Norte at least 3 times a week.\n\n\nOrganize at least 4 capacity building sessions in refugee protection for Border Police\nOfficials, Service of Migration and Foreigners, and Angolan Armed Forces to ensure\naccess to the territory.\n\n\n\n**Fair protection processes and documentation**\n\n\n**Reception conditions** Ensure that refugees are received in reception centres that have infrastructure meeting\nprotection standards.\n\n\nConstruct 2 reception centres to improve reception conditions for refugees.\n\n\n**Registration and profiling** Regularly update registration with minimum set of data.\n\n\nConduct biometric registration of estimated 50,000 refugees and provided issuance of\ndocumentation attesting their legal status.\n\n\nEstablish registration centres and procure relevant equipment, including biometrics\nequipment as well as laptops and mobile servers.\n\n\n**Individual documentation** Provide birth registration certificates to new-borns.\n\n\nProvide refugees with documentation that includes family composition.\n\n\n\n**Civil registration and civil**\n**status documentation**\n\n\n\nProvide technical guidance to national institutions for the issuance of civil status\ndocumentation.\n\n\n\n**Family reunification** Establish family reunification mechanisms in coordination with ICRC and other partners.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "biometric registration", - "confidence": 0.9363961219787598, - "start": 310, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8440726399421692, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8850821852684021, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Security from violence and exploitation**\n\n\n**Protection from crime** Organize capacity building of law enforcement, management of registration data and\nprovide technical support to government to develop various SOPs for separation of\nfighters to maintain civilian character of asylum and provide security/safety of refugees.\n\n\n\n**Prevention of and**\n**response to SGBV**\n\n\n**Protection of children**\n\n\n\nMaintain effective case management and multi-sectorial response (medical, legal, safety,\npsychological) to survivors.\n\n\nHold dialogues on SGBV with different groups including leaders, committees, men, boys,\ngirls and women.\n\n\nConduct training of different actors for the prevention of and response to SGBV among\nthe partners staff/workers.\n\n\nProvide psychological and recreational support to children including through the\nconstruction of child-friendly spaces in the new refugee site.\n\n\nIdentify and register unaccompanied/separated children and other children at risk.\n\n\nUndertake fast best interests assessments and determination for all\nunaccompanied/separated children.\n\n\nEnsure an effective child protection case management system and referral pathways for\nall unaccompanied/separated children.\n\n\nConduct awareness-raising sessions for the refugee community on child protection.\n\n\n\n**Basic needs and essential services**\n\n\n**Health** Recruit heath staff to provide adequate health services to refugees.\n\n\nConstruct 4 health facilities.\n\n\nSupport more than 50,000 refugees to benefit from referral system and provide\nassistance to refugees referred to the hospitals in Dundo.\n\n\nSupply essential medicines, medical supplies and other medical consumables.\n\n\n\n**Reproductive health and**\n**HIV services**\n\n\n\nConduct awareness raising on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS targeting women, men,\nyouths and adolescents.\n\n\n\n**Nutrition** Conduct nutritional assessment and surveillance systems.\n\n\n**Food security** Procure food for 25,000 people.\n\n\n**Water** Construct or upgrade water supply systems, and ensure their operation and\nmaintainance, in each of the reception centres and refugee site.\n\n\nMake operational 20 boreholdes.\n\n\nConstruct communal structures and 1000 latrines, showers and hand washing facilities.\n\n\n**Sanitation and hygiene** Procure hygienic supplies for general distribution and selective distribution (dignity kits) to\naround 25,000 women and girls).\n\n\n**Shelter and infrastructure** Construct emergency shelters for 6,000 families and 3,000 transitional shelters.\n\n\n**Energy** Distribute energy-efficient stoves.\n\n\n**Basic and domestic items** Procure core relief items for 5,600 families\n\n\n\n**Services for persons with**\n**specific needs**\n\n\n\nSet up identification system and provide quality service for 3,000 people with specific\nneeds.\n\n\n\n**Education** Ensure the enrolment of 6,000 children aged 3-5 years for early childhood education.\n\n\n10 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ensure the enrolment of 10,000 children aged 6-14 years in primary education, including\nchildren with disabilities, at the existing and new camps sites.\n\n\nEnsure the enrolment of 12,000 children aged 15-18 years in secondary education,\nincluding children with disabilities.\n\n\nConstruct 6 schools with all facilities (classrooms, including administrative block, latrines\nand water).\n\n\nProvide training to 200 teachers including female teachers.\n\n\nProvide 20,000 children with adequate access to teaching and learning materials.\n\n\n**Community empowerment and self-reliance**\n\n\n**Community mobilization** Ensure continued support to more than 4 community self-leadership mechanisms and\nstructures.\n\n\nStrengthen protection from crime and enhance peaceful coexistence in the settlements\nthrough the establishment of community policing mechanisms.\n\n\n**Peaceful coexistence** Support host communities and facilitate their access to services (water, health and\neducation).\n\n\nProvide capacity building to refugees for entrepreneurship, business and vocational skills.\n\n\nProvide start-up kits for trained refugees to business skills and vocational training.\n\n\n**Natural resources and**\nRaise awareness among refugee and host communities on environmental protection.\n**shared environment**\n\n\n**Coordination and partnerships**\n\n\n\n**Coordination and**\n**partnerships**\n\n\n\nConduct regular coordination meetings (inter-agency, sector workings, sub sector working\ngroups) in refugee site.\n\n\n\n**Logistics and operations support**\n\n\n**Logistics and supply** Maintain a fleet of vehicles, generators.\n\n\nProcure spares parts, fuel and other logistics.\n\n\nManage warehouses, customs clearance and forwarding.\n\n\n\n**Operations management,**\n**coordination and support**\n\n\n\nProvide training to partners.\n\n\nConduct partners' verification, quarterly and annually.\n\n\nOrganize joint visits and missions with donors and partners.\n\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Financial requirements\n\nTo address the needs of Congolese refugees who have been displaced to Angola as a result of the\n\nrecent violence in the Kasai region of the DRC, UNHCR has established a supplementary budget\n\nfor the requirements presented below amounting to $36.7 million, including regional and global\n\nactivities of $200,000, as shown in the table below.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|ExCom budget for the
Congolese situation|Additional
requirements|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Favourable protection environment**
Access to legal assistance and legal remedies
Access to the territory and risk of refoulement|**0 **|**991,622**|**991,622 **|\n|**Favourable protection environment**
Access to legal assistance and legal remedies
Access to the territory and risk of refoulement|**- **|520,811|520,811|\n|**Favourable protection environment**
Access to legal assistance and legal remedies
Access to the territory and risk of refoulement|**- **|470,811|470,811|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|**0 **|**2,271,620**|**2,271,620**|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|**- **|248,324|248,324|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|**- **|530,324|530,324|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|-|986,324|986,324|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|-|308,324|308,324|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Civil registration and documentation
Reception conditions
Registration and profiling
Individual documentation
Family reunification|-|198,324|198,324|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from crime
Risk of SGBV and quality of response
Protection of children|**0 **|**2,024,623**|**2,024,623**|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from crime
Risk of SGBV and quality of response
Protection of children|-|310,541|310,541|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from crime
Risk of SGBV and quality of response
Protection of children|-|733,541|733,541|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from crime
Risk of SGBV and quality of response
Protection of children|-|980,541|980,541|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|**0 **|**18,627,899**|**18,627,899**|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|3,206,491|3,206,491|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|206,511|206,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|465,151|465,151|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|243,178|243,178|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|1,496,511|1,496,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|376,511|376,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|526,511|526,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|5,426,511|5,426,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|3,035,362|3,035,362|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|876,511|876,511|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Health
Reproductive health and HIV services
Nutrition
Food security
Water
Sanitation and hygiene
Energy
Shelter and infrastructure
Basic and domestic items
People with specific needs
Education|-|2,768,651|2,768,651|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Natural resources and shared environment
Peaceful coexistence|**0 **|**1,811,623**|**1,811,623**|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Natural resources and shared environment
Peaceful coexistence|-|730,541|730,541|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Natural resources and shared environment
Peaceful coexistence|-|400,541|400,541|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Natural resources and shared environment
Peaceful coexistence|-|680,541|680,541|\n\n\n12 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Coordination and partnerships
Coordination and partnerships|0|1,151,622|1,151,622|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Coordination and partnerships**
Coordination and partnerships|-|1,151,622|1,151,622|\n|**Logistics and operations support**
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|**0 **|**7,225,059**|**7,225,059**|\n|**Logistics and operations support**
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|-|4,935,465|4,935,465|\n|**Logistics and operations support**
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|-|2,289,594|2,289,594|\n|**Subtotal **|**0 **|**34,104,068**|**34,104,068**|\n|**Regional and global activities**||**200,000**|**200,000**|\n|Support costs (7%)|**- **|2,401,285|2,401,285|\n|**TOTAL **|**0 **|**36,705,353**|**36,705,353**|\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Existing response\n\nSome 8,000 people a day are being internally displaced the Kasai region of the DRC. UNHCR, as\n\nthe protection cluster lead agency, is working with partners to assess the humanitarian needs and\n\nto identify ways to reach IDPs to deliver protection and assistance. From 20 to 28 April 2017, the\n\nProvincial Inter Cluster of Kalemie undertook an assessment mission to the region. The findings\n\nindicated a dire situation for IDPs, many lacking means to meet their basic needs such as food and\n\nshelter. Most of the IDPs reported having been extorted, looting, pillaging and forced recruitment of\n\nchildren into militias.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the needs, significant challenges remain in delivering protection to the IDPs fleeing\n\nKasai region (which are in addition to other IDPs from other crises such as the ethnic conflict\n\nbetween Bantous and Twa). Due to a combination of the deterioriating security situation, ongoing\n\nmilitary operations, the need to negotiate access with armed groups, and poor to non-existent\n\ninfrastructure, many locations with IDPs are all but inaccessible, and render the delivery of protection\n\nand humanitarian assistance extremely difficult. In terms of comparison, and to put in perspective\n\nthe logistical challenges of reaching populations in dire need of humanitarian assistance and\n\nprotection, it is worth mentioning that the Kasai region is bigger than South Sudan or Somalia.\n\nDistances between hot sports are rarely less than 500, and sometimes up to 1,000 km.\n\n\nUNHCR in close collaboration with other stakeholders including the governmental partner, the\n\nNational Commission for Refugees (CNR), and its partner ADSSE, have a limited presence and are\n\nmonitoring the security situation in key cities such as Kananga (Central Kasai), Mbuji-Mayi (Kasai\n\nOriental) and Tshikapa (Kasai). UNHCR will prioritize interventions to coordinate the inter-agency\n\nprotection response, strengthen partnerships with stakeholders including local authorities to protect\n\ncivilians, and undertake IDP profiling and identification of IDPs with specific needs.\n\n###### Strategy and coordination\n\nUntil recently, the Kasai region had been one of the more relatively stable regions in the DRC, in\n\ncomparison with others such as North Kivu, and this despite limited basic services and high levels\n\nof malnutrition. The initial response to internal displacement is expected to be provided by local\n\nauthorities and communities themselves. With most affected areas virtually inaccessible, the\n\nresponse strategy is informed by the following:\n\n - 2017-2019 Humanitarian Response Plan for the DRC.\n\n\n14 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Flash Appeal on Kasai of 25 April 2017 launched by the Humanitarian Coordinator on\n\nbehalf of the Humanitarian Country Team.\n\n - IASC Policy on Protection in Humanitarian Action.\n\n\nA rights-based approach constitutes the backbone of humanitarian assistance to IDPs. Due\n\nconsiderations will be given to multi-sectoral response and protection, and SGBV mainstreaming.\n\nLessons learnt from protection and assistance delivery to IDPs in eastern DRC and other good\n\napproaches will be considered in designing appropriate protection and assistance response in Kasai\n\nregion, such as understanding the root causes of the conflict\n\n\nProviding humanitarian assistance to the most destitute will be the most urgent response and the\n\nentry point to deliver more assistance, open humanitarian access, and provide a more coordinated\n\nand holistic protection response. Protection by presence is also essential for UNHCR to coordinate\n\nan efficient protection response with the protection cluster members. At present, UNHCR needs to\n\nopen offices and adequately cover the Kasai region.\n\n\nSupport for refugees\u2019 and host communities\u2019 self-reliance will be encourage by developing income\ngenerating activities as indicated in the DRC operation\u2019s global strategy. Therefore, with FAO,\n\nUNHCR will develop a plan of action and a road map that will be implemented in 2017 to reinforce\n\nagricultural activities in the relocation sites to enable refugees becoming self-reliant, thus no longer\n\ndependent on external assistance and to produce their own renewable fuel and wood.\n\n###### Coordination and partnerships\n\nIn the Kasai Province, where UNHCR has no operational presence, the intervention strategy will be\n\ngradually implemented by establishing and maintaining a presence as well as collaborative work\n\nrelationships with partners but also with provincial authorities, humanitarian actors and national\n\nNGOs. UNHCR will also work closely with MONUSCO for security escorts, through ad-hoc missions\n\nin order to organize awareness campaigns on IDP rights, as well as about on duties and\n\nresponsibilities of national authorities; and deploying international and national staff to coordinate\n\ninter-agency protection response in Kananga, Mbuji-Mayi and Tshikapa and within OCHA offices \u2013\n\nto implement essential protection interventions permitting security situations.\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Planned activities\n\n**Fair protection processes and documentation**\n\n\n**Registration and profiling** Undertake IDP profiling in targeted areas and share data in line with the data\nprotection framework.\n\n\nPromote the use of profiling results by relevant stakeholders.\n\n\n**Security from violence and exploitation**\n\n\n\n**Protection from the effects of armed**\n**conflict**\n\n\n\nEstablish and strengthen community services on crime prevention and reporting of\nincidents.\n\n\nConduct awareness-raising campaigns for people of concern upon arrival to the\nnew settlement.\n\n\n\n**Prevention of and response to SGBV** Address violence against women, girls and boys through clear social and behaviour\nchange communication.\n\n\nProvide appropriate assistance to 100% of SGBV survivors, including medical\nassistance and psychological counselling.\n\n\n**Basic needs and essential services**\n\n\n**Reproductive health and HIV services** Ensure access to essential drugs and medical supplies.\n\n\n\n**Services for persons with specific**\n**needs**\n\n\n\nUndertake an assessment and analysis to highlight specific needs.\n\n\nProvide services for people of concern with specific needs, including older people\nand people with disabilities.\n\n\n\n**Shelter and infrastructure** Provide shelter assistance, core relief items and sanitary materials through cash\ngrants or vouchers.\n\n\n**Community empowerment and self-reliance**\n\n\n**Community mobilization** Support community self-leadership mechanisms and structures.\n\n\n**Peaceful coexistence** Support host communities and facilitate their access to services (water, health and\neducation).\n\n\n**Self-reliance and livelihoods** Provide capacity building to IDPs for entrepreneurship, business and vocational\nskills, and enhance vocational training.\n\n\n**Coordination and partnerships**\n\n\n**Coordination and partnerships** Establish partnerships with stakeholders and UN agencies, as well as sub-clusters\nand working groups.\n\n\nCoordinate the protection response in Kasai.\n\n\nCollect and disseminate protection information with partners.\n\n\nAdvise UN Country Team/Humanitarian Country Team on protection delivery.\n\n\n**Camp management and coordination** Update on a continuous basis the beneficiaries registration data.\n\n\n**Donor relations and resource**\nOrganize meetings with donors.\n**mobilization**\n\n\n**Logistics and operations support**\n\n\n**Logistics and supply** Maintain a fleet of vehicles, generators.\n\n\nProcure spares parts, fuel and other logistics.\n\n\n\n**Operations management, coordination**\n**and support**\n\n\n\nManage warehouses, customs clearance and forwarding.\n\n\nProvide general project management services\n\n\n\n16 UNHCR / June 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Financial requirements\n\nUNHCR\u2019s 2017 ExCom budget for the Democratic Republic of the Congo includes $65.8 million to\n\naddress the needs of IDPs displaced by violence in the eight affected territories of former Katanga\n\nProvinces. No additional requirements are requested in this appeal.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|ExCom budget for
the Congolese
situation|Additional
requirements|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Favourable Protection environment **
Law and policy|**4,232,101**|**0 **|**4,232,101**|\n|**Favourable Protection environment **
Law and policy|4,232,101|-|4,232,101|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Registration and profiling|**964,952**|**0 **|**964,952**|\n|**Fair protection processes and documentation **
Registration and profiling|964,952|-|964,952|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from effect of armed conflict
Risk of SGBV reduced|**24,004,149**|**0 **|**24,004,149**|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from effect of armed conflict
Risk of SGBV reduced|18,443,873|-|18,443,873|\n|**Security from violence and exploitation **
Protection from effect of armed conflict
Risk of SGBV reduced|5,560,276|-|5,560,276|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Reproductive health and HIV services
Services for people with specific needs
Shelter and infrastructure|**9,261,747**|**0 **|**9,261,747**|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Reproductive health and HIV services
Services for people with specific needs
Shelter and infrastructure|527,934|-|527,934|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Reproductive health and HIV services
Services for people with specific needs
Shelter and infrastructure|1,951,194|-|1,951,194|\n|**Basic needs and services **
Reproductive health and HIV services
Services for people with specific needs
Shelter and infrastructure|6,782,619|-|6,782,619|\n|**Durable solutions**
Comprehensive solutions strategy|**5,142,686**||**5,142,686**|\n|**Durable solutions**
Comprehensive solutions strategy|5,142,686||5,142,686|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Peaceful coexistence
Self-reliance and livelihoods|**3,889,885**|**0 **|**3,889,885**|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Peaceful coexistence
Self-reliance and livelihoods|421,568|-|421,568|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Peaceful coexistence
Self-reliance and livelihoods|1,765,401|-|1,765,401|\n|**Community empowerment and self-reliance **
Community mobilization
Peaceful coexistence
Self-reliance and livelihoods|1,702,916|-|1,702,916|\n|**Leadership, coordination and partnerships**
Coordination and partnerships
Camp coordination and camp management
Donor relations and resource mobilization|**6,067,109**|**0**|**6,067,109**|\n|**Leadership, coordination and partnerships**
Coordination and partnerships
Camp coordination and camp management
Donor relations and resource mobilization|1,796,489|-|1,796,489|\n|**Leadership, coordination and partnerships**
Coordination and partnerships
Camp coordination and camp management
Donor relations and resource mobilization|3,942,685|-|3,942,685|\n|**Leadership, coordination and partnerships**
Coordination and partnerships
Camp coordination and camp management
Donor relations and resource mobilization|327,934|-|327,934|\n|**Logistics and operations support **
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|**12,216,500**|**0 **|**12,216,500**|\n|**Logistics and operations support **
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|7,240,230|-|7,240,230|\n|**Logistics and operations support **
Logistics and supply
Operations management, coordination and support|4,976,271|-|4,976,271|\n|**TOTAL **|**65,779,129**|**0 **|**65,779,129**|\n\n\nUNHCR / June 2017 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0dc7e39-9d64-3fed-b278-e1b4d650040f/UNHCR%20Congolese%20situation%20-%20Angola%20Response%20Supplementary%20Appeal%20-%20Jan-Dec%202017%20--%20June%202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_695/raw/doc_695_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_695/raw/doc_695_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c8bd5ec710cd789f9eef3c268290e1253a4d7b87..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_695/raw/doc_695_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Context**\n\nCzechia is a party to both the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961\nConvention on the Reduction of Statelessness. However, it maintains reservations to Articles 27 and 28 of\nthe 1954 Convention as it pertains to the issuance of identity and travel documents to stateless persons.\n\nThe country's stateless population is linked to migration, predominantly from former Soviet and Yugoslav\ncountries. According to official statistics of the Ministry of the Interior (MoI), there were **610 stateless**\n**persons residing** regularly in Czechia as of June 2024. However, the actual number is likely higher as\nindividuals without regular status and applicants for the status of stateless persons are not included in this\nstatistic.\n\nIn 2015, the first reference to the **statelessness determination procedure (SDP)** was introduced in\nnational legislation under the Asylum Act, where it mentioned that the MoI decides on applications\nsubmitted under the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons without further specifying the\nprocedure. [1] Despite a low level of legal certainty and information on the process, some applications were\nlodged and Czech courts developed relevant case law underlining that, pending determination of\nstatelessness, applicants **enjoy similar rights and obligations to asylum-seekers**, in line with UNHCR\nrecommendations. [2] **Procedural aspects of the asylum process should also be applied by analogy in**\n**the absence of specific legislation.** These court rulings were only partially acknowledged by the\nauthorities to the extent that legal status of applicants was acknowledged but not the other rights.\nRecognized stateless individuals were granted a \"visa for tolerated stay,\" rather than permits for a longer\n\nduration, such as permanent residence conferred to recognized refugees, as recommended by UNHCR. [3]\n\nTwo **key amendments** have modified and developed the SDP since 2021. The first was the transfer to the\nSDP provision from the Asylum Act to the Aliens Act. [4] In July 2023, another amendment to the Aliens Act\nintroduced a more comprehensive legal framework for the procedure and status of applicants as well as\n\n\n1 Act no. 325/1999 Coll., on Asylum, Section 8 d), as of 2016, available at : _[Czech Republic: Act No. 325/1999 Coll. on Asylum (amended) |](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/1999/en/115506?prevDestination=search&prevPath=/search?order=desc&sm_country_name%5B%5D=Czechia&sm_document_source_name%5B%5D=National+Legislative+Bodies+%2F+National+Authorities&sort=score&result=result-115506-en)_\n_[Refworld](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/1999/en/115506?prevDestination=search&prevPath=/search?order=desc&sm_country_name%5B%5D=Czechia&sm_document_source_name%5B%5D=National+Legislative+Bodies+%2F+National+Authorities&sort=score&result=result-115506-en)_\n2 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR _), Handbook on Protection of Stateless_ _Persons_, 30 June 2014, available at:\n[https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2014/en/122573, para 145.](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2014/en/122573)\n3 Ibid., para 148.\n4 Act no. 326/1999 Coll. on the Residence of Foreign Nationals in the Territory of the Czech Republic, as amended. Amendment from\n[2021, available at: https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/1999/en/115507.](https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/1999/en/115507)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS**\n\n\nsome procedural safeguards. [5] The amendment also grants recognized stateless individuals access to the\npublic health insurance system and provides them with the same rights and access to the labor market as\n\npermanent residents. Despite these improvements, practical challenges persist. Both stateless persons\nand relevant authorities often lack sufficient information, creating barriers to fully realizing these rights.\nMoreover, other key protection measures, such as secure residence permits, a facilitated pathway to\nnaturalization and issuance of travel documents, have yet to be incorporated into the national legislative\nframework, leaving important gaps in the overall protection of stateless persons.\n\n# **Key Figures**\n\n\n# **2015**\n\nFirst SDP provision introduced in\n\nCzech legislation\n\n\n# **610**\n\nstateless persons residing\n\nregularly in Czechia\n\n\n# **57**\n\nstatelessness status\ndeterminations since 2015\n\n\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR published a study called _Faces of Statelessness,_ [6] which included several\n**recommendations. These focused on legislative change, such as incorporating** the international legal\ndefinition of a stateless person in national law, ensuring access to rights for stateless persons, establishing\nan SDP in line with UNHCR guidance, providing a facilitated pathway to naturalization and amending the\nCzech citizenship act to align with the 1961 Convention). Additionally, the study emphasized the importance\nof training and capacity building for relevant authorities as well as improving statistical reporting on\nstatelessness. Some of these recommendations have since been implemented. The legislation now\nenshrines a dedicated SDP and a definition of a stateless person in line with the 1954 Convention. However,\ngaps in addressing specific procedural safeguards still exist, and the scope of protection of stateless\npersons remains limited.\n\n**Since the SDP\u2019s introduction in 2015, 57 decisions on statelessness determination have been**\n**issued. Of these, 44 decisions were made between 2019 and 2023, 27 of which were positive and 17**\n**were negative.** These figures underline both progress as well as the need for continued efforts to improve\nthe procedures and stateless persons\u2019 access to protection.\n\n\n5 [Section 49a and 170d et seq. of the Aliens Act, available in Czech at: 326/1999 Sb. Z\u00e1kon o pobytu cizinc\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR (zakonyprolidi.cz).](https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1999-326)\n6 UNHCR, _Faces of Statelessness in the Czech Republic_, 2020, available at:\n[htps://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/unhcr/2020/en/123400.](https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/unhcr/2020/en/123400)\n\n\n\n\n**- 2**\n\n\n\n**U N H C R** NOVEM B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# **Protection Risks**\n## Protection Risk I\n\nPrevention of statelessness at birth:\n\n\nUnder the current Czech Citizenship Act, a child born stateless in Czechia will automatically acquire Czech\ncitizenship if both parents are stateless, provided that at least one parent has had legal residence for at\nleast 90 days at the time of the child's birth. [7] However, for children whose parents are not both stateless,\nan additional condition applies: [8] Czech citizenship will not be granted if the child\u2019s statelessness results\nsolely from the parent's failure, without valid justification, to take the necessary steps with the authorities of\ntheir country of nationality to secure the child\u2019s citizenship. These additional conditions can leave some\nchildren born stateless without the possibility to acquire citizenship at birth, contrary to the safeguards of\nthe 1961 Convention [9] . Recommendations to prevent statelessness at birth in Czechia were also made by\nthe Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [10] and by the Committee on the Rights of the\nChild [11] .\n\n\n7 Section 5 of Citizenship Act, Act no. 186/2013 Coll. on the Citizenship of the Czech Republic, as amended, available at:\n\n[https://mzv.gov.cz/file/2400342/Citizenship_Act_No._186_2013_Sb._o_statnim_obcanstvi_CR.pdf.](https://mzv.gov.cz/file/2400342/Citizenship_Act_No._186_2013_Sb._o_statnim_obcanstvi_CR.pdf)\n8 Section 29 (4) of Citizenship Act.\n9 UNHCR, _Guidelines on statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every Child's Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on_\n\n_the Reduction of Statelessness_, par. 37, available at: [https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/105120.](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/105120)\n10 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, _Concluding observations on the third periodic report of_\n_Czechia*_, 28 March 2022, available at: [https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g22/293/94/pdf/g2229394.pdf.](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g22/293/94/pdf/g2229394.pdf)\n11 Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Czechia*, 22 October\n\n[2021, available at: https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g21/293/72/pdf/g2129372.pdf.](https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g21/293/72/pdf/g2129372.pdf)\n\n\n\n\n**- 3**\n\n\n\n**U N H C R** NOVEM B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS**\n\n## Protection Risk II\n\nIdentification of stateless persons and access to statelessness determination:\n\n\nDespite the establishment of a dedicated SDP, information on access to the procedure and procedural\nsteps are not available on the MoI website, nor has any public information material been produced by the\nauthorities. Additionally, data on the number of applications for statelessness determination is not\ndisclosed.\n\n**Official estimates** of the stateless population in Czechia **are not available**, and neither are methodological\nguidelines to statistically record stateless persons. Annual immigration statistics provide a partial picture as\nthey only include stateless persons with long-term residence permits or with permanent residence. While\nthe category of stateless persons was included in the 2011 population census, it was missing in the 2021\ncensus. [12] This absence, coupled with the reliance on the ambiguous \u201cunknown\u201d category, hampers the\naccurate identification of stateless persons. Minimizing the use of the \"unknown\" category is advisable, as\nit is inadequate for accurately identifying stateless persons. The lack of reliable and updated data on the\nstateless population reflects gaps in current identification and coordination mechanisms.\n\n## Protection Risk III\n\nSafeguards in statelessness determination and protection of applicants:\n\n\nThe regulation of the SDP in Czechia is currently governed by sections 49a \u2013 49c and 170d et seq. of the\nAliens Act. While these provisions provide more detailed guidelines than previous legislation, they remain\nless comprehensive than those governing asylum procedures. Under the Aliens Act, the MoI has the\ndiscretion to decide whether to conduct interviews with applicants. The burden of proof rests mainly on\napplicants, who must provide documentation demonstrating that they are not citizens of their country of\nbirth or residence and that they have unsuccessfully attempted to acquire citizenship there. No provisions\nexist for alleviating this burden if applicants cannot obtain the necessary documents. Free interpretation\n\n\n12 The relevant outcomes of the public census are available at _[St\u00e1tn\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed | S\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed 2021](https://scitani.gov.cz/statni-obcanstvi#skupina-538241)_ .\n13 [International Recommendations on Statelessness Statistics (IROSS) - EGRISS (egrisstats.org), adopted at the 54th session of the United](https://egrisstats.org/recommendations/international-recommendations-on-statelessness-statistics-iross/)\n[Nations Statistical Commission (Decision 54/121) in 2023. The recommendations aim to facilitate the production of statelessness statistics at the](https://unstats.un.org/UNSDWebsite/statcom/session_54/documents/Report-on-the-54th-session-draft-E.pdf)\nnational level and promote greater harmonization of the data regionally and globally.\n\n\n\n\n**- 4**\n\n\n\n**U N H C R** NOVEM B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on the\nstateless population", - "confidence": 0.6029809713363647, - "start": 205, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9166923761367798, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "public census", - "confidence": 0.9896462559700012, - "start": 358, - "end": 360 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8043862581253052, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "applicants", - "confidence": 0.7035690546035767, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS**\n\n\nservices are only provided when applicants are summoned by the MoI, and free legal aid is not automatically\navailable as it is for asylum-seekers.\n\nThe MoI is required to decide on applications within six months, which may be extended to twelve months\nin complex cases. In practice, these deadlines are often exceeded without notification to the applicants with\nsome cases pending for over two years. Applicants have the right to appeal determination decisions before\nadministrative courts. However, this procedural safeguard is not free of charge, unlike asylum-seekers, a\nconsequence of regulatory changes that shifted the SDP from the Asylum Act to the Aliens Act.\n\n**The status of** **applicants** for statelessness determination in Czechia remains unclear and contains several\ngaps. Although case law has repeatedly called for statelessness applicants to be treated similarly to asylumseekers, the MoI has not implemented these recommendations, citing recent amendments to the Aliens\nAct. Under these amendments, applicants are permitted to remain in the country during their first application\nprocess and are supposed to receive an \"applicant identity document.\" However, this document is valid for\nonly a short period \u2014about one month\u2014and requires frequent renewals.\n\nAccording to national legislation, applicants are not entitled to social benefits, public health insurance nor\naccommodation at collective centers for asylum-seekers. While applicants are permitted to work six months\nafter submitting their application, in practice, the frequent renewal of the \u201capplicant identity document\u201d,\nwhich many employers are unaware of, makes it challenging to secure decent work and may create\nfinancial hardships for applicants.\n\n\n14 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), _Guidelines on Statelessness No. 2: Procedures for Determining whether an Individual is a_\n_Stateless Person,_ HCR/GS/12/02, 5 April 2012, available at: [htps://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/85625; UNHCR](https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/85625)\n_Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons_, 30 June 2014, para 71-77, 89-90.\n\n\n\n\n**- 5**\n\n\n\n**U N H C R** NOVEM B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS**\n\n## Protection Risk IV\n\nRights of recognized stateless persons and reduction of statelessness:\n\n\nRecognized stateless persons are initially issued a **\"visa for tolerated stay\"** for initial validity of 1 year\nafter which a long-term residence permit can be obtained, which is also usually granted for 1 year. After a\nminimum of five years following statelessness recognition, they can gradually reach permanent residence,\nwhich is a necessary precondition for naturalization. In contrast, recognized refugees receive permanent\nresidence immediately, allowing them to pursue naturalization faster. There are several obstacles in\naccessing a permanent residence permit for recognized stateless persons and no favourable provision to\nwaive certain requirements (such as stable income requirement).\n\nGenerally, **Czech citizenship** can be granted after five years of permanent residence and this period may\nbe shortened for stateless persons as well as for refugees. However, for stateless persons, the entire\nprocess, from initial recognition as stateless to citizenship, takes at least five years longer than for\nbeneficiaries of international protection, who are granted permanent residence immediately upon\nrecognition.\n\nCzechia has made a reservation with regards to issuing travel documents to stateless persons under Article\n28 of the 1954 Convention and only issues travel documents to holders of permanent residence. While\nrecognized stateless persons with a visa for tolerated stay are not subject to visa expiration or cancellation\nwhen travelling abroad (as under previous regulations), the **\"travel identity document** \" issued to newly\nrecognized stateless persons is not an internationally recognized document. This restriction effectively\nprevents stateless persons from travelling abroad until they acquire permanent residence status, which is\nrequired for the issuance of a recognized travel document.\n\n\n15 UNHCR, _Handbook on Protection of Stateless persons,_ para 148.\n\n\n\n\n**- 6**\n\n\n\n**U N H C R** NOVEM B E R 2 0 2 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66e09f20-ca12-4707-a954-640bf3b8751a/UNHCR%20Czechia%20Protection%20Brief%20--%20Statelessness%20%28November%202024%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_696/raw/doc_696_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_696/raw/doc_696_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6975698e608d40cab15c18eb6532565e8d5a8115..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_696/raw/doc_696_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Operational Context & Analysis\n\nSince the beginning of January 2025, clashes between elements of the March 23\nMovement (AFC/M23), other armed groups, and the Armed Forces of the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) intensified in North and South Kivu.\nThese clashes led to a rapid deterioration of the security and humanitarian\nsituation, resulting in the capture of several strategic towns including Masisi,\nMinova, Sake, and the fall of Goma (the capital of North Kivu) on 27 [th] January by\nthe AFC/M23.\n\nOne of the core drivers of the conflict relates to the control over the rich mining\nresources of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), including gold, tin,\nand coltan, which are vital to the global supply chain. [1] Minova, for example, plays\na crucial role in supplying Goma through its port on Lake Kivu. At the same time,\nthe armed group reportedly took control of the mining town of Lumbishi, a\nstrategic site for natural resource exploitation. The fighting in DRC also has\nconnections with a decade-long ethnic conflict.\n\nThroughout the month of January, the escalation in conflict and violence triggered\nmass displacement, including families and communities that were displaced\nmultiple times. As the front-line of the conflict advanced, non-essential United\nNations and non-governmental organization personnel in Goma began to be\nevacuated. On January 26, the AFC/M23 announced the closure of Goma airport\nand clashes soon erupted across Goma between AFC/M23, the FARDC and their\nallies.\n\nOn January 30, after several days of intense fighting, Goma fell under AFC/M23\ncontrol, including the airport and the provincial government headquarters. For\nnearly a week, Goma was plunged into a total blackout, with no access to running\nwater, electricity, or the internet, further exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.\n\nAs of 7 [th] of February 5, 2025, reports indicate that the fighting killed over 2900\npeople, [2] injured more than 3000 [3] people and displaced 500,000 people, while\nroad closures and insecurity further restrict humanitarian access. [4] A relative calm\nis now reportedly observed, with shops and businesses starting to reopen, though\nit remains fragile and volatile.\n\n\n_1_ _[Interactive map on mines in RDC (IPIS)](https://ipisresearch.be/mapping/webmapping/drcongo/v6/)_\n\n_[2 https://youtu.be/R-aD8mOCbI0https://youtu.be/R-aD8mOCbI0?si=iMoFFf93fBY02Y6t?si=iMoFFf93fBY02Y6t](https://youtu.be/R-aD8mOCbI0?si=iMoFFf93fBY02Y6t)_\n\n_3 SRSG allocution at the 37th special session of the Human Rights Council_\n\n\n_4_ _[https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159756](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159756)_\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As the conflict intensified, non-state armed groups and various actors, including\ncommunity members and internally displaced persons (IDPs), reportedly\ndismantled existing IDP sites. Some individuals returned home, while others\nsought refuge in schools, churches, with host families, or at improvised collective\nsites in Goma. Concurrently, the AFC/M23 encouraged displaced individuals to\nreturn to their home areas. However, no assessments have been conducted to\nensure these areas are safe or that conditions for a dignified return are met.\n\nNow established in Goma, AFC/M23 and its political wing, the Alliance Fleuve\nCongo (AFC), is consolidating their control over the city by implementing a new\nadministration. Essential public services, including healthcare, education, and\nsecurity, remain at risk of significant disruption, though efforts to progressively reestablish them are underway. Notably, AFC/M23 leaders have invited civil\nservants to resume their duties starting February 10, 2025.\n\nAcross the country, more than 21 million people already required humanitarian\naid before the latest escalation of the crisis, one of the highest figures worldwide.\nOverall, 6.7 million people were already internally displaced in the DRC including\n4.6 million in South and North Kivu. In the northeastern province of Ituri, where\nconflict is ongoing, including attacks against civilians by the Allied Democratic\nForces (ADF) rebel group, there are 1.8 million IDPs. Additionally, the DRC hosts\n520,000 refugees and asylum seekers from neighbouring countries [5] . The UN\nWorld Health Organization (WHO) is warning of potential disease outbreaks,\nincluding mpox, cholera and measles [6] . Adding to the crisis, the 90-day suspension\nof US humanitarian funding is severely impacting food security, sanitation and\nrelief efforts.\n### Key Figures\n\n\n\n**PERSONS**\n\n**KILLED**\n\n\n\n**PERSONS**\n\n**INJURED**\n\n\n\n**NEW IDPs (since**\n\n**January 1** **[st]** **)**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL IDPs &**\n\n**RETURNEES**\n\n\n\n**PEOPLE IN**\n**NEED (HRP**\n\n**2025)**\n\n\n#### **2,900 [7] 3000 [8] 500,000 [9] 6.7M/2.6M 21M**\n\n_5_ _[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n_[30-january-2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n\n_6_ _[https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159701](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159701)_\n\n_7UN (as of 5th February 2025)_\n\n_8_ _SRSG allocution at the 37_ _[th]_ _special session of the Human Rights Council (7th February 2025) )_\n\n_9_ _[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n_[30-january-2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection risks\n\nReports indicate grave attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructures, forced\ndisplacement, and human rights violations including forced recruitment and\nsexual violence, necessitating urgent protection interventions.\n\nUNHCR remains in close contact with Rwandan and Burundian refugee\npopulations in North and South Kivu who, while concerned about the situation,\nare currently not subject to any specific risks or conditions that differ from those\nexperienced by the host community. However, Burundi Refugees living in Goma\nstated that they feel threatened in the current context, given that Burundi army is\ninvolved in the ongoing conflict in support of the DRC army. On February 7th, 113\nrefugees were repatriated from the transit center in Goma to Rwanda. This convoy\nwas unable to proceed as initially planned at the end of January due to active\nhostilities in Goma city.\n\n###### Protection Risk I\n\n**Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings as well as attacks on civilian**\n**infrastructures**\n\nThe intense hostilities over a five-day period (25-31 January) resulted in **significant**\n**civilian casualties**, particularly in Goma itself. Parties to the conflict reportedly\nused heavy weapons, bombs and long-range projectiles in densely populated\nareas, including IDPs sites, homes and health centers, causing maximum harm to\ncivilians. Intense fighting took place across many neighborhoods in Goma, leaving\nresidents trapped in their homes without access to water, electricity, or the\ninternet. As a matter of example, three bombs reportedly hit the Rusayo 2\ndisplacement site.\n\nAs of February 5, at least 2,900 people have reportedly been killed in the\nhostilities, including 13 IDPs reportedly killed during shelling that affected the\nRusayo displacement sites and certain neighborhoods of Goma. According to the\nProvincial Health Division of North Kivu and the WHO, 2,880 injured persons were\nreported between January 25 and 30, 2025, in the city of Goma and the\nNyiragongo territory. Among the IDPs, 7 were reportedly injured during shelling\nthat affected the Rusayo displacement sites and certain neighborhoods of Goma.\n\nThe human cost of the five days of fighting that occurred in and around Goma will\ncontinue to rise, as it is estimated that more days would be needed to collect the\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "remaining bodies littering the streets. Due to the lack of morgue space, bodies are\nbeing buried immediately after identification.\n\nCompounding the ongoing risks to civilians, **explosive remnants of war (ERWs)** are\nreportedly abandoned across several neighborhoods in Goma posing a significant\nthreat to civilian population. These unexploded devices, scattered in inhabited\nareas, increase the risk of fatal accidents, especially for children who might handle\nthem accidentally. Without a prompt demining and securing operation, these\nexplosives will continue to endanger the population and hinder the resumption of\ndaily activities, particularly in the most affected neighborhoods [10] .\n\n**Summary executions, arbitrary arrest and kidnapping** are also being reported. In\nRutshuru Territory, amidst reports of targeted executions, there are also specific\nrisks of reprisal against civilian populations who are perceived to be affiliated with\none armed group or another [11] . In Lubero territory, which borders Ituri province in\nthe northern part of North Kivu, there are also widespread reports of reprisals\nagainst civilians suspected of collaborating with rival armed groups including\nkidnappings and targeted executions [12] . Additionally, reports indicate attempts at\narbitrary arrests and intimidation directed at members of civil society\norganizations and human rights defenders in Goma since the AFC/M23 took de\nfacto control of the city. The Joint Human Rights Office has documented at least\none case of \u201cethnically motivated lynching\u201d in an IDP site in Goma. [13]\n\nSignificant damage to public infrastructure was also reported in and around Goma,\nhospitals and health centres. In this context of violence, goods belonging to the\npopulation and certain humanitarian organizations were reportedly looted by\narmed actors, as well as by some civilians taking advantage of the chaos. Between\n26 \u2013 30 January 2025, several warehouses belonging to humanitarian\norganizations along with food stores and supermarkets, were reportedly looted.\n\n###### Protection Risk II\n\n**Mass displacement, emptying of IDPs sites and reports of gradual returns**\n\nThe fighting around and in Goma and the Nyiragongo territory reportedly caused\nwidespread panic and mass displacement of residents, including those living in\ndisplacement sites. These mass movements reflect the urgency for populations to\nescape combat zones and seek refuge in areas perceived as relatively safe, despite\n\n\n_10_ _UNHCR\u2019s Weekly Protection Monitoring Report for North Kivu_\n\n_11 UNHCR\u2019s Weekly Protection Monitoring Report for North Kivu_\n\n_12 UNHCR\u2019s Weekly Protection Monitoring Report for North Kivu_\n\n_13_ _[https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250129-dr-congo-and-rwanda-leaders-in-crisis-talks-as-m23-rebels-on-brink-of-seizing-](https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250129-dr-congo-and-rwanda-leaders-in-crisis-talks-as-m23-rebels-on-brink-of-seizing-goma)_\n_[goma](https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250129-dr-congo-and-rwanda-leaders-in-crisis-talks-as-m23-rebels-on-brink-of-seizing-goma)_\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.8713935613632202, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8432344794273376, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the widespread insecurity in Goma during the fighting. It is reported that **half a**\n**million people were newly or re-displaced by the crisis** in North and South Kivu\nsince January 1, 2025. [14]\n\nIn and around Goma, some of **existing displacement sites were dismantled,**\n**emptied and destroyed**, with water, sanitation and health facilities severely\ndamaged.\n\nThe exact whereabouts of many displaced persons is still unknow. Following the\nAFC/M23's capture of Goma and a relative calm, return movements of IDPs have\nbeen observed.\n\nReports suggest that some IDPs have been encouraged or sensitized to leave their\nsites and return to their areas of origin, despite the lack of guaranteed security.\nThis information is further corroborated by statements from AFC/M23 leaders\nduring the January 30 press conference, where they encouraged all displaced\npersons to return to their homes, as well as the previous dismantling of\ndisplacement sites in Masisi and Minova over the past weeks. Early field visits and\ndiscussions with displaced persons in Goma suggest that some IDPs have returned\nto their villages of origin, while others remain with host families and in collective\ncenters, including schools and churches. [15]\n\nAs of February 3rd, at least five IDP sites\u2014Buhimba, Bulengo, Rego, 8eme CEPAC,\nand Lac Vert\u2014were re-occupied at over 70%. Meanwhile, five other IDP sites\u2014\nLushagala, Lwashi, Rusayo 1, Rusayo 2 Extension, and Kashaka\u2014had an\noccupation rate of around 50%. Regarding the territories of Masisi and Walikale,\npendulum movements have also been reported, but on a smaller scale.\n\nIn Minova, South Kivu, near North Kivu, IDP sites were dismantled and emptied\nfollowing the AFC/M23's capture of the area, where many people had fled to\nescape previous fighting. The risk of forced closures of any remaining sites\nremains, given the events in Minova, Masisi, and other areas surrounding Goma.\n\nMost of the returnees are those who had recently arrived in Goma, between\nNovember 2024 and January 2025. The returnees are largely financing their own\ntransportation, either by motorcycle or vehicle. Additionally, some local traders,\nseeking to avoid taxes imposed by the AFC/M23, are offering free transportation\n\n\n_14_ _[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n_[30-january-2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-1-eastern-drc-situation-30-january-2025)_\n\n_15 UNHCR\u2019s Weekly Protection Monitoring Report for North Kivu_\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to IDPs, as vehicles carrying displaced persons are reportedly exempt from the\nAFC/M23's taxes.\n\nThe premature return of IDPs can expose them to new risks, and the lack of safe\nalternative solutions for these populations significantly increases their\nvulnerability, especially for women, children, and the elderly. Reportedly, some\nIDPs in protracted displacement are hesitant to return due to persistent difficulties\nin their villages of origin. [16] Various factors include the presence of explosive\nordnance, ongoing conflict, and the destruction of their homes, with displaced\npersons reporting that their houses were either destroyed or used as firewood by\narmed groups. Additionally, limited access to basic services is a significant\ndeterrent, as many essential infrastructures and social services, such as schools,\nhealthcare centers, and water points, are non-functional, further complicating the\npossibility of returning to their home areas.\n\nMoreover, the ongoing crisis is intensifying tensions surrounding housing, land,\nand property (HLP) issues. Forced displacement and the influx of internally\ndisplaced persons into host villages are contributing to illegal occupations and\nexpropriations, complicating the resettlement of returnees. Additionally, the\nabsence of competent authorities restricts legal recourse for victims of these\nabuses.\n\nFurthermore, armed elements actors in retreat are reportedly infiltrating some\nstill-operational displacement sites or are positioned near these sites, with the risk\nof some fighters infiltrating the displacement sites, further exposing displaced\npersons to the risk of targeted attacks and serious human rights violations. This\nproximity poses a threat to **the civilian and humanitarian nature of the sites**,\nincreasing the risk of gender-based violence, forced recruitment, summary\nexecutions, and other abuses.\n\nThe use of displacement sites by armed elements, whether through occupation or\nforced recruitment, could also lead to reprisals and further endanger civilians\npresent at these sites.\n\n###### Protection Risk III\n\n**Sexual violence, including rape**\n\nThe rise in insecurity particularly exposes women, girls, and vulnerable individuals\n(children, older people, and persons with disabilities) to increased risks of\n\n\n_16 UNHCR/Intersos Protection Analysis, 2 February 2025_\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violence. Forced displacement, combined with armed groups' control over areas,\ncreates an environment conducive to sexual violence.\n\nLocal women\u2019s organizations have reported widespread sexual violence, forced\ndisplacement, and severe gaps in basic protection services. [17] The Special\nRepresentative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Pramila\nPatten, expressed grave concern over the reports of conflict-related sexual\nviolence. This includes **the rape of at least 165 women on 27 January**, as prisoners\nescaped from the Muzenze prison in Goma. [18] Additionally, **45 cases of child sexual**\n**violence and 70 injured children under 5 were referred** to the UNICEF. [19] Sources\nalso reported high risks of sexual violence due to overcrowding in displacement\nsites. [20] This context of increased displacement and resource scarcity, added to\npre-existing gender inequalities, exacerbate the vulnerability of women and girls.\n\n### Key elements of the response, including protection\n\n\nAs previously mentioned, humanitarian infrastructure and warehouses were\nlooted, staff relocated and evacuated, and the communication blackout further\nseverely compromising the effectiveness of the humanitarian response. Despite\nextremely precarious conditions, protection actors are striving to continue their\noperations on the ground. Those who remain are facing heightened security risks,\nwhich hinder their movement and reduce their ability to reach populations in\nurgent need of assistance.\n\nThe response priorities include:\n\n - Supporting civilian and community-based protection mechanisms, including\nstructures such as refugee and IDP committees, Local Peace and\nDevelopment Committees (CLPD), and Civil Defense.\n\n - Providing emergency assistance to survivors of sexual violence (psychosocial\nfirst-aid, PEP kits) and prevention programming.\n\n\n_17_ _[Press briefing by UN Women on the situation of women and girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo](https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/press-briefing/2025/02/press-briefing-by-un-women-on-the-situation-of-women-and-girls-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo)_\n\n_18_ _[UN Special Representative condemns the renewed offensive by the M23 with the support of the Rwandan Defence Force and expresses](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/un-special-representative-condemns-renewed-offensive-m23-support-rwandan-defence-force-and-expresses-grave-concern-about-heightened-risk-and-emerging-reports-conflict-related-sexual-violence-eastern-dr-congo)_\n_[grave concern about the heightened risk and emerging reports of conflict-related sexual violence in Eastern DR Congo](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/un-special-representative-condemns-renewed-offensive-m23-support-rwandan-defence-force-and-expresses-grave-concern-about-heightened-risk-and-emerging-reports-conflict-related-sexual-violence-eastern-dr-congo)_\n\n\n_19_ _[UNICEF DR Congo Humanitarian Flash Report No. 3 (Upsurge violence in North and South Kivu), 01 February 2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unicef-dr-congo-humanitarian-flash-report-no-3-upsurge-violence-north-and-south-kivu-01-february-2025)_\n\n\n_20_ _[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-intensification-violence-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-provinces-situation-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-intensification-violence-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-provinces-situation-report-1-3-february-2025)_\n_[report-1-3-february-2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-intensification-violence-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-provinces-situation-report-1-3-february-2025)_\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Emergency shelter and life-saving basic subsistence assistance.\n\n - Protection monitoring and monitoring/profiling of population movements to\ninform above responses.\n\n - Mapping localities where IDPs have returned and areas where secondary\ndisplaced persons are settling.\n\n - Engagement with the parties to the conflict (through appropriate channels)\nto ensure the protection of affected populations.\n\n - Continuing to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of refugees in need.\n\nSo far, protection activities reported include:\n\n - Resumption of protection monitoring activities by UNHCR and its partner\nINTERSOS, following a few days of suspension.\n\n - 12,345 people were reached with sexual violence prevention, mitigation and\nresponse activities (UNFPA). [21]\n\n - Facilitating the voluntary repatriation of 113 Rwandan refugees from Goma,\nNorth Kivu, and 30 refugees from Bukavu, South Kivu.\n\n - Inter-agency \"go and see\" visits to IDP sites in Goma and surrounding areas\nto assess the current situation and inform the response strategy.\n### Challenges & Opportunities\n\n\n**Opportunity:** Neutrality of humanitarian action\n\nThe AFC/M23 armed group has seized control of large areas of Goma, including\nthe main airport, setting up checkpoints and severely restricting humanitarian\naccess. Humanitarian infrastructures, vehicles and warehouses have been looted.\nThis has disrupted the delivery of food, water, and medical aid for up to two million\npeople. Humanitarian workers also face restricted access to displacement sites,\nlimiting the provision of essential services.\n\nOn February 4, the UN Resident Coordinator/Humanitarian Coordinator for the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo, Bruno Lemarquis, issued a statement calling on all\nparties to the conflict to facilitate the reopening of Goma airport, warning its\ncontinued closure is paralyzing relief operations. [22] Access to some areas, including\nMinova and other areas of Kalehe territory, has improved with, for instance, road\n\n\n_21_ _[https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159756](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1159756)_\n\n\n_22_ _[Tous les efforts doivent \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9s pour la r\u00e9ouverture urgente de l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Goma - Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/tous-les-efforts-doivent-etre-mobilises-pour-la-reouverture-urgente-de-laeroport-de-goma)_\n_[| ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/tous-les-efforts-doivent-etre-mobilises-pour-la-reouverture-urgente-de-laeroport-de-goma)_\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "traffic between Goma and Minova gradually resuming. As a humanitarian actor,\nUNHCR has the opportunity \u2013 and responsibility \u2013 to stay and deliver as the\noperational context evolves.\n\nFurthermore, the return movements of IDPs will require the deployment of\nprotection services, including return monitoring and other protective measures,\nas well as reintegration activities, provided that resources are available.\n\n**Challenges:**\n\n - The crime rate in Goma and surrounding areas remains high, as some\ncivilians continue to possess arms while certain armed elements blend in\nwith the civilian population after exchanging military fatigues for civilian\nclothing. This situation is exacerbated by the recent prison break of over\n4,000 inmates from Munzenze prison, which will affect humanitarian\naccess due to security constraints.\n\n - Key activities, such as protection monitoring, may be hindered by fears of\nreprisals from armed groups.\n\n - The operational capacity of humanitarian actors and their readiness to\nredeploy will be impacted, as many staff members have been\npsychologically affected by recent events. Additionally, evacuations mean\nthat returning to areas under the de facto control of armed groups may\ntake longer than usual.\n\n - Hospitals in and around Goma and Minova are overwhelmed, operating at\nmore than double their capacity because of the influx of patients injured\nin the conflict. Electricity and water outages in Goma have further strained\nhealthcare services. Many displaced people lack access to adequate\nsanitation, increasing the risk of disease outbreaks.\n\n - The understanding and adherence to humanitarian principles by AFC/M23\nremain unclear and unguaranteed, necessitating further investment to\nensure that the new authorities comprehend the importance of\nhumanitarian action, particularly regarding protection interventions.\n\n - Escalating hostilities, especially around Bukavu and Goma, where military\nconfrontations between AFC/M23 and FARDC are becoming increasingly\nlikely, pose an imminent threat to civilians and present significant\nchallenges to humanitarian efforts. An advance by AFC/M23 towards\nBukavu or a FARDC counteroffensive in Goma raises concerns about mass\ndisplacement, urban conflict, and restricted access to humanitarian aid.\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Key messages/key asks\n\n**To the International Community**\n\n - Exert diplomatic pressure to ensure ceasefire, compliance with\ninternational humanitarian law (IHL) remind States and armed groups that\nbear primary responsibility to respect and protect civilians and push for\nsustainable political solutions that address the root causes of the conflict.\n\n - Provide urgently needed funding to ensure that humanitarian\norganizations can provide lifesaving assistance and protection as soon as\naccess to populations in need increases.\n\n**To HC/HCT and humanitarian leadership**\n\n - Strengthen advocacy for the respect of human rights and international\nhumanitarian law (IHL) through sustained and principled engagement with\nall parties to the conflict emphasizing the need to protect civilians, prevent\natrocities, and allow unimpeded humanitarian access.\n\n - Negotiate protected zones for civilian populations and secure rapid, safe\nand unhindered humanitarian access to affected populations by engaging\nin discussions with key stakeholders and parties to the conflict. This will\nnotably allow for multisectoral assessments to confirm the critical needs\nof the populations and respond accordingly.\n\n - Set up a humanitarian corridor and guarantee safe access to the city of\nGoma and the territory of Nyiragongo.\n\n - Guarantee unhindered access and a secure humanitarian space for\nhumanitarian actors to implement protection and assistance programmes.\n\n**To humanitarian partners**\n\n - Reestablish connections with community-based protection networks in\naffected areas to understand the impact and how they can best be\nsupported.\n\n - Conduct a comprehensive protection risk analysis to inform tailored\nresponses in line with AGD lens.\n\n - Strengthen prevention, protection, and response mechanisms, ensuring\naccountability for perpetrators and comprehensive support (medical,\nlegal, and psychosocial) for survivors of sexual violence and other forms of\nviolence.\n\n - Continue advocating for the civilian and humanitarian nature of\ndisplacement sites with relevant stakeholders to ensure the effective\nprotection of people residing in these sites.\n\n\nUNHCR 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Engage all stakeholders, including armed actors, to ensure respect of\nprinciple of civilian character, the principle of voluntary return, based on\nreliable and up-to-date information and data regarding the needs,\nprotection concerns, demographics, and intentions of displaced persons.\n\n - Monitor displacement movements, gradual returns and prevent forced\ndisplacements while ensuring an adequate and rapid response to the\nhumanitarian needs of IDPs, both in displacement sites and return areas.\n\n - Set up mechanisms to monitor and document human rights violations,\nincluding those linked to forced returns.\n\n - Evaluate the situation regarding unexploded ordnance in the city of Goma\nand its surroundings and determine the necessary actions to\ndecontaminate the affected areas.\n\n\nUNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/591d025d-5734-4bdf-a92b-d4c3d27b0ee7/UNHCR%20DRC%20Protection%20Brief%20Feb%202025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_697/raw/doc_697_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_697/raw/doc_697_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bbac53d5f11611ecffc41cd7ad3ec52d2da31b5e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_697/raw/doc_697_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,311 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "UNHCR ETHIOPIA **PROTECTION BRIEF |** AUGUST 2024\n# **Gender-Based** **Violence in the** **Sudan Refugee** **Response \u2013 Ethiopia**\n\n\n\nThis August 2024 protection brief\nanalyzes gender-based violence (GBV) as\nfaced by refugees fleeing the Sudan\nsituation into Ethiopia. The brief is\nintended to be actionable and to take\nstock of the effectiveness of the current\nGBV interventions that include a\ncoordinated approach prioritizing timely\naccess to appropriate psychosocial,\nmedical, safety and legal services. It will\nalso provide recommendations for areas\nwhere immediate improvement is\nneeded. Relevant UNHCR guidance on\nbest practices is used as a benchmark.\nInterventions in (1) coordination and\nresponse (2) prevention (3) risk mitigation\nare considered.\n\nThe situation of both new arrivals and\npersons who arrived before April 2023 is\n\n\n\nconsidered. The brief covers the\nresponse in the Amhara and Benishangul\nGumuz regions, and also looks at some\nactivities in Gambella and Addis Ababa.\n\nFurthermore, the brief provides\ninformation on the funding constrains that\nrequire immediate attention from donors\nand partners. Based on the gaps\nidentified below, the overall\nrecommendation is that the **GBV**\n**response interventions in the Amhara**\n**and Benishangul Gumuz regions must**\n**be immediately expanded** . The current\nresponse capacity which survivors can\naccess is not sufficient. While UNHCR\nhas an important role to play, other actors\nalso need to strengthen their\ninterventions.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n## **I. Understanding GBV risks** **among the Sudanese** **refugees in Ethiopia**\n\nAs related to the new Sudan situation,\nrecorded incidents of GBV have included\nconflict related sexual violence, Intimate\nPartner Violence (IPV), child or forced\nmarriage, and Female Genital Mutilation\n(FGM). Additionally, in older refugee camps,\nreported incidents of GBV included rape and\nsexual assault, often linked to violence within\nthe camps or in relation to the collection of\nfirewood and water outside the camps,\nfollowed by IPV, denial of resources or\nrestriction of access to services and\ninformation, as well as psychological and\nemotional abuse.\n\nCultural norms from Sudan, including\nentrenched gender inequalities and harmful\npractices, persist and are exercised\ndiscreetly, significantly contributing to a\nculture of silence. Deep-seated patriarchal\nnorms and traditional practices also\nperpetuate GBV and often discourage\nsurvivors from reporting their experiences or\nseeking help. These norms frequently lead to\nweak or poorly enforced legal protections,\nfurther contributing to the persistence of\nGBV.\n\n**Benishangul Gumuz Region**\n\nThere are 74,210 Sudanese refugees living in\nthe Benishangul Gumuz region out of which\n22,649 arrived during the recent conflict in\nSudan. Long-staying refugees are located at\nthe Sherkole (established in 1996), Bambasi\n(established in 2012), and Tsore (established\nin 2015) camps. Most new arrivals cross from\nSudan into Ethiopia at Kurmuk. A refugee\nsettlement has been established in Ura for\nthe delivery of protection and assistance.\n\ni. Kurmuk Transit Centre and Ura\nRefugee Settlement in\nBenishangul Gumuz (Emergency)\n\n\n\nAs per statistical data from Kurmuk Transit\nCentre and Ura Refugee Settlement, 39% of\nthe reported incidents involved rape and\nsexual assault, 47% were physical abuse, and\n14% were psychological and emotional\nabuse. Among the survivors, 89% are women,\nand 11% are girls.\n\nRegarding the location of the incidents, 39%\noccurred in Sudan or during the journey from\nSudan to Ethiopia, 61% of the incidents\noccurred within the settlement or transit\ncenter, with the rest happening in the\nsurrounding areas or outside the settlement\nor transit centre. Among the GBV cases, 46%\nwere related to intimate partner violence\n(IPV), and 3% were associated with firewood\nor water collection. Others were reported as\nconflict-related sexual violence in Sudan and\nharmful traditional practices such as FGM and\nchild marriage.\n\nii. Tsore, Sherkole, and Bambasi\nRefugee Settlements in Assosa\n\nIn Tsore, Sherkole, and Bambasi Settlements,\nout of the total reported GBV incidents, 33%\ninvolved rape and sexual assault, 44% were\nphysical abuse, 21% were psychological and\nemotional abuse, and 2% were related to\ndenial of resources. Among the survivors,\n86% are women and 14% are girls.\n\nRegarding the location of the incidents, 21%\noccurred in Sudan or during the journey to\nEthiopia, while the remaining incidents took\nplace within Ethiopia. Specifically, 79% of the\nincidents happened within the camps, with\nthe rest occurring in the surrounding areas or\noutside the camps. Among the reported GBV\ncases, 40% were related to intimate partner\nviolence (IPV), and 9% were associated with\nactivities such as firewood or water\ncollection.\n\n**Amhara Region**\n\nThere are 12,657 registered Sudanese\nrefugees living in the Amhara region. All are\nnew arrivals arriving after April 2023. Most\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical data", - "confidence": 0.812534749507904, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Benishangul Gumuz Region", - "confidence": 0.8104194402694702, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Sudanese refugees", - "confidence": 0.8020721077919006, - "start": 225, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV incidents", - "confidence": 0.7106993794441223, - "start": 497, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amhara Region", - "confidence": 0.5255563259124756, - "start": 633, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered Sudanese\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.6801772117614746, - "start": 642, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amhara Region", - "confidence": 0.9967933297157288, - "start": 633, - "end": 635 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9171109199523926, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n\ncross from Sudan into Ethiopia at Metema.\nAfter a series of security incidents in the\nKumer and Awlala Settlements originally\nestablished to receive the refugees have\nbeen decommissioned and a new settlement\nhas been established in Aftit, where refugees\nhave access to protection and assistance\nunder safer conditions.\n\nWith regards to reported incidents in\nlocations within the Amhara region, 29% of\nthe incidents reported involved rape and\nsexual assault, 21% physical abuse, 1% forced\nmarriage, 29 % denial of resources, services,\nand opportunities, and 20%\npsychosocial/emotional abuse. 43.75% of\ncases were reported to be intimate partner\nviolence (IPV) while 50% were related to\nfirewood and water collection. Others were\nreported as conflict-related sexual violence\nand harmful traditional practices. Among the\nsurvivors, 60 % are women, 33% are girls,\nwhile 2% and 5% are men and boys\nrespectively.\n\nFurthermore, 15.63 % of the reported\nincidents happened in Sudan or on the way\nfrom Sudan to Ethiopia while others\nhappened in Ethiopia. While 84.37% of the\nincidents happened within the settlements or\nthe transit center, others happened in the\nsurroundings or outside the settlements.\n\n## **ii. GBV Risk Mitigation [1]** **Mainstreaming for the** **Sudanese refugees in** **Ethiopia**\n\nIn Ethiopia, effort has been undertaken to\nmainstream GBV risk mitigation across all\nlocations. UNHCR continues to build the\ncapacity of different stakeholders including\n\n\n1 Risk mitigation refers to a process and specific\ninterventions in all phases of humanitarian\nprogramming. It includes conducting risk assessments\nand actions that are taken in each humanitarian\nsector and area of work to reduce the identified risks\n\n\n\nstaff, partners\u2019 and government\u2019s staff and\nrefugees focusing on identifying those at risk,\nunderstanding the sources of risk, and\nrecognizing the potential impacts of actions\nor inactions related to GBV risk mitigation\nwithin their roles. Key UNHCR staff working\non the Sudan situation response have\nreceived training on how to safely handle\nGBV disclosures and making appropriate\nreferrals. Refresher training is currently in\nprogress, with the next virtual session\nscheduled for October 2024.\n\nAs part of GBV mainstreaming, safety audit\nexercises to assess the GBV risks have been\nconducted in different locations. The safety\naudit reports in all refugee sites identified\nrisks in different sectors including\nCamp/settlement management, health,\nWASH, Shelter, and energy. While the details\ncan be found in the annexes, key findings in\nnew refugee locations include; insecurity due\nto lack of security personnel and threats from\nlocal communities specially in Amhara region,\ninadequate night lightening in the strategic\nlocations such as streets, waterpoints,\nlatrines and showers etc., overcrowding in\nshelters, limited number of sex-segregated\nand lockable latrines, and insufficient and\nsafe energy for cooking, exacerbating safety\nconcerns for women and girls.\n\nIn previously established refugee camps in\nAssosa, similar to the above situation,\novercrowding, insecurity, lack of lighting in\nstrategic locations, hygiene, and sanitation\nfacilities remained the issues. In addition to\nthe above, refugees identified other risks\nincluding, increased number of houses\nabandoned by refugees,\ninsufficient/inaccessible schools, lack of GBV\nresponse and health services, unsafe food\ndistribution points, lack of care support to\n\n\nand exposure to GBV and improve safety as part of an\nagency-wide mainstreaming approach. Cross-sectoral\ncoordination is essential to ensure a comprehensive\napproach. Risk mitigation measures also contribute to\nreducing the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "safety\naudit reports", - "confidence": 0.9632892608642578, - "start": 446, - "end": 449 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee sites", - "confidence": 0.8258090615272522, - "start": 451, - "end": 453 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5037445425987244, - "start": 422, - "end": 423 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n\nunaccompanied and separated children\n(UASC), and young women and girls leading\nthem to opt for working in dangerous areas of\ngold mining, further exposing them to sexual\nexploitation and abuse etc.\n\nAdditionally, the food-aid pause in Ethiopia,\nhad severe implications for refugees,\nexacerbating the risks of GBV. With dwindling\nresources, many women and girls faced\nincreased vulnerability as they struggled to\nsecure necessities, leading to heightened\ninstances of exploitation and abuse. The\nscarcity of food not only intensified economic\npressures but also contributed to a\nbreakdown in protective community\nstructures, further exposing refugees to GBV.\nurgent need for comprehensive support\nsystems to safeguard vulnerable populations\nin crisis settings.\n\nThis year, services were provided to refugees\ncritically in need and at risks of GBV. In\nKurmuk Transit Center and Ura Settlement,\ncash assistance was provided to 301 women\nand girls at risk in Ura and 100 women and\ngirls at risk living in the host community, while\ndignity kits and sanitary items were provided\nto 200 women and girls at risk. In Tsore,\nSherkole and Bambasi settlements,\ndistribution of dignity kits for 200 women and\ngirls of reproductive age was conducted to\nreduce GBV risks and avoid harmful coping\nmechanisms. Material support was provided\nfor the 200 asylum-seekers and 350 refugee\nsurvivors of GBV or at heightened risk,\nmaking a cumulative total of 550 women and\ngirls. In Metema and Kumer, dignity kits were\nprovided to 3,995 women and girls, 691\nreceived other material assistance. 130\nwomen and girls received sanitary napkins\nupon arrival in Aftit. 540 solar lanterns were\nalso distributed.\n\n\n## **iii. GBV Prevention** **Activities underway for** **the Sudanese refugees in** **Ethiopia**\n\nTo effectively prevent GBV, this year UNHCR\nand its partners have focused on addressing\nthe root causes, such as entrenched gender\ninequality, systemic discrimination, and\nunequal power dynamics between women\nand men. By tackling these underlying issues,\nUNHCR strives to create a safer and more\nequitable environment where GBV is less\nlikely to occur.\n\nIn Assosa, UNHCR and partners ensured the\nprevention against GBV through mass\nawareness-raising campaigns, door-to-door\nvisits, community consultations, and\nawareness-raising sessions in Women and\nGirls\u2019 Safe Spaces (WGSS) focusing on\ndifferent forms of GBV including Sexual\nExploitation and Abuse and harmful\ntraditional practices, such as FGM and early\nmarriages. The campaigns were mainly\ncarried out in public spaces such as\nfood/non-food items distribution areas and\nwaterpoints. The campaigns reached a total\nof 7,842 individuals (4,335 women, 3,507\nmen), and the activities in WGSS reached a\ntotal of 6316 (3,652 women, 2652 girls), while\nhome-to-home visits reached a total of 1,732\nindividuals (948 women, 784 men).\nFurthermore, International Women\u2019s Day was\ncelebrated with the dissemination of various\nmessages on gender equality and human\nrights.\n\nIn Tsore, Sherkole and Bambasi Settlements,\nUNHCR and partners continued to provide\nGBV awareness-raising sessions. During this\nperiod 300 girls shine trainees, and 300\nfemale caregivers/parents completed the life\nskill programme and graduated during the\nWorld Refugee Day celebration. Around\n11,263 refugees (6,107 women and 5,156 men)\nwere engaged in GBV prevention sessions.\nDuring the International Women\u2019s Day\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Celebration, an estimated 3,400 individuals\n(1500 women and 1900 men) were reached\nthrough awareness-raising sessions.\n\nIn Kumer, Women and Girls\u2019 Safe Spaces\n(WGSS) were established in 2023. With\nrefugees now being moved to the new\nsettlement in Aftit, a new WGSS is being\nestablished there. A total of 383 women and\ngirls were reached with empowerment\nprogrammes such as life-skills training and\nawareness-raising around women\u2019s rights.\n\nThe GBV partners work together with\ncommunity incentive workers who lead the\nprevention and awareness activities at Aftit.\nAwareness-raising interventions and\ninformation-sharing on GBV response\nservices reached 6,185 refugees and 1,258\nmembers of the host community.\n## **iv. GBV Response [2]** **interventions underway** **for the Sudanese** **refugees in Ethiopia**\n\nIn Ethiopia, there is a significant gap in the\nGBV response capacity. To address this issue\neffectively, it is crucial to allocate additional\nresources to GBV programmes and enhance\nthe responsiveness of service providers.\n\nDue to limited funding in 2024, case\nmanagement services for GBV survivors in\nKurmuk were provided by UNHCR partner\nIRC only until 31 May. All identified survivors\nduring the given period received basic/nonspecialized psycho-social counseling and\nmaterial support, including hygiene materials,\nclothes, and other core relief items. 50% of\n\n\n2 GBV response refers to immediate interventions that\naddress survivors\u2019 physical safety, health concerns,\npsychosocial needs, and access to justice, in line with the\nsurvivor-centered approach. The provision of multi-sectoral\nservices and assistance to all survivors of GBV contributes\nto ensuring people\u2019s safety, improving physical, mental,\nsexual, and reproductive health, and facilitating access to\njustice. All survivors of GBV, including survivors of Sexual\n\n\n\nthem received medical support. Besides, 39%\nbenefited from safety and security and legal\nassistance. In Tsore, Bambasi and Sherkole\nSettlements, case management services\ncontinued with the limited capacity and\nprovided to all GBV survivors including basic\npsycho-social support. 54% received medical\nservices, 16% accessed the legal assistance\nwhile 9% benefited from safety and security.\n\nIn Amhara, the funding situation has been\nrelatively stable, allowing partners to\ncontinue providing support to survivors\nwithout interruption. At Metema, Kumer and\nAwlala, psychosocial counseling was\nprovided to all survivors, while medical\nassistance was provided to 43% of the\nsurvivors. Only a few survivors in need of\nspecialized mental health and psychosocial\nsupport (MHPSS) services were able to\naccess assistance through the available\nresources at health facilities. The service\nprovision continued in Aftit while Kumer and\nAwlala were closed.\n\nAs part of the response to support GBV\nsurvivors in new refugee sites, four therapy\ngroups for women survivors were\nestablished. The therapy sessions allowed\nthe women to address and manage the\nsevere impacts of their traumatic\nexperiences, including post-traumatic stress\ndisorder (PTSD) and depression, which they\nhad developed following the GBV incidents\nduring the flight from Sudan. This therapeutic\nprocess not only facilitated emotional\nrecovery but also empowered the women to\nregain a sense of control over their lives,\nfostering resilience and improving their\noverall well-being. The women shared that\n\n\nExploitation and Abuse (SEA) perpetrated by humanitarian\nworkers, have the right to immediate life-saving protection\nand GBV services, however following the survivor centered\napproach, available services are provided to the survivors\nbased on their informed consent and choices made by\nthem.\nUNHCR follows the IASC guidelines for GBV case\nmanagement. IASC GBV Guidelines, available from\n[htps://gbvguidelines.org/en/](https://gbvguidelines.org/en/)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\nthey had improved their sleep patterns and\nhad a reduction in intrusive or suicide\nideation. Suicide attempts were also\nmanaged.\n\nAs part of the capacity building of partners\ninvolved in the response, GBV trainings\nundertaken in 2024 include (1) case\nmanagement and referral pathways, (2)\npromoting safe disclosure and access to\nservices, and (3) Mental Health and\nPsychosocial Support (MHPSS) involving\ndifferent stakeholders. Both community\nvolunteers, government officials, UNHCR and\npartners staff have participated in these\ntrainings.\n\nRegarding coordination, there are monthly\nmeetings of the protection working group led\nby UNHCR and RRS, supported by GBV and\nCP partners and service providers such as\nInnovative Humanitarian Solutions (HIS),\nRehabilitation and Development\nOrganization (RADO), Development and\nInter-Church Aid Commission (DICAC),\nInternational Rescue Committee (IRC) and\nPlan International Ethiopia (PIE) in\nBenishangul Gumuz and Amhara regions.\nThe working group allows for regular\ninformation sharing, aligning strategies, and\npooling resources to address gaps and avoid\nduplication, and thereby enhance the overall\nGBV response.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n## **v. Critical Gaps and** **Recommendations**\n\nDespite ongoing efforts, several critical gaps\nin GBV services require urgent attention to\nensure effective support and protection for\nsurvivors. These gaps include:\n\n1. **Lack of GBV Programming in Ura**\n**Settlement and Kurmuk Transit**\n**Centre:** As of mid-year 2024, both\nKurmuk Transit Center and Ura\nRefugee Site are facing a critical\nfunding gap with no partner operating\nfor GBV prevention and response.\n\n2. **Lack of Safe Houses:** There are no\nsafe houses available for GBV\nsurvivors, which limits immediate\nprotection and safe accommodation\noptions for those escaping violence.\n\n3. **Lack of Specialized Support for Child**\n**Survivors of GBV:** There is a shortage\nof tailored support services for child\nsurvivors of GBV, impacting their\nability to receive appropriate care and\nrecovery services.\n\n4. **Lack of Access to Legal Assistance**\n**Services,** **Especially** **Due** **to**\n**Language Barriers:** Survivors face\ndifficulties accessing legal assistance\ndue to language barriers, hindering\ntheir ability to seek justice and\nprotection.\n\n5. **Staff Turnover and Limited Capacity**\n**of Current Staff:** High staff turnover\nand insufficient training limit the ability\nof current personnel to provide\neffective GBV response services.\n\n6. **Women and Girls\u2019 Safe Space**\n**(WGSS)** **Established** **but** **Not**\n**Operationalized:** A WGSS was set up\nby the partner MTI in Ura Settlement,\nbut it has not become operational due\nto a lack of funding, preventing it from\nproviding necessary services.\n\n\n\n7. **Limited** **Engagement** **with** **the**\n**Community Through Dialogues and**\n**Male** **Engagement:** There is\ninsufficient community engagement\nand involvement of men in GBV\nprevention efforts, reducing the\neffectiveness of community-based\ninterventions.\n\n8. **Lack of an Information Management**\n**System for GBV Case Management:**\nThe absence of a robust information\nmanagement system leads to data\nprotection issues and challenges in\ntracking and managing GBV cases.\n\n**Based on the above, key recommendations**\n**to the humanitarian community are:**\n\n**1.** **Risk Mitigation:** Conduct regular\nsafety audits to identify GBV risks and\nintegrate risk mitigation measures\nacross all sectors by applying the\ninsights and recommendations from\nsafety audit exercises, ensuring that\npotential risks are proactively\naddressed and managed in every\naspect of program implementation.\nSpecific areas to review are\nexpanding the camp sizes, the\nnumber of shelters, and WASH\nfacilities to reduce the risks\nassociated with overcrowding,\nimproving the transit center or\nsettlement security by increasing the\nnumber of security personnel,\ncommunity policing and patrolling at\nnight, increasing the number of\nstreetlights, provision of sufficient\nfood, core relief items and dignity kits,\namong others.\n**2.** **Safe House:** Establish safe houses in\nGende-Wuha and Ura Woreda to offer\nimmediate shelter and protection for\nGBV survivors.\n**3.** **Support Services:** Enhance legal\nassistance and mental health and\npsychosocial support (MHPSS) for\nGBV survivors, utilizing Women and\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information\nmanagement system", - "confidence": 0.9839344620704651, - "start": 454, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV cases", - "confidence": 0.7085006237030029, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n\nGirls\u2019 Safe Spaces (WGSS) among\nother resources. Ensure a survivor\ncentered approach for all survivors\nand child-friendly services to child\nsurvivors of GBV.\n4. **Community** **Engagement:** Boost\ncommunity dialogues with refugee\nleaders and engage men and boys to\nchallenge and change harmful\ncultural norms and stereotypes\nrelated to GBV, promote positive\nmasculinity, and foster a culture of\nrespect and equality.\n**5.** **Women** **Empowerment:** Provide\ntraining and livelihood programs for\nwomen and girls at risk to promote\nsustainability and self-reliance.\n**6.** **Information** **Management:**\nImplement a GBV Information\nManagement System (GBVIMS) to\nimprove data management and\nensure better protection and\nresponse.\n\n\n\n**7.** **Training:** Provide comprehensive\ntraining on GBV prevention and\nresponse for aid workers, refugees,\nand local authorities. Develop\nawareness programs to provide\nrefugees with information on\navailable GBV services and reporting\nmechanisms. Train security personnel\nto effectively support and protect\nrefugees.\n8. **MHPSS:** Given the profound and\ndevastating impacts on the lives of\nGBV survivors, it is evident that there\nis a critical need to strengthen MHPSS\nsupport. The trauma survivors endure\ncan be crippling, making it essential to\nenhance and expand the range of\nmental health and psychosocial\nservices available to help them\nrebuild resilience, regain stability, and\nfoster long-term recovery.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\n**Annex I \u2013 Results of the GBV Safety Audit undertaken in Benishangul Gumuz and Amhara**\n**region**\n\n**Benishangul Gumuz Region:**\n\n**i.** **Kurmuk TC and Ura Refugee Site (emergency)**\n\nIn June 2024, UNHCR in collaboration with International Committee for the Development of People\n(CISP) conducted a GBV Safety Audit in Ura to identify GBV risks in the refugee locations. Findings\nof the assessment are:\n\n**a.** **Camp layout and shelter:** Participants noted that Ura camp lacks adequate night lighting,\nwith some refugees using personal generators and batteries. Many women and girls do not\nhave alternative solutions such as flashlights or torches, which compromises their safety while\nstaying in the shelters and while using communal facilities at night. Additionally, while access\nroads and walkways in the camp are sufficiently wide for safe movement, overcrowding is a\nsignificant issue, with multiple families often sharing a single household that further\nexacerbates safety concerns, particularly for women and girls.\n**b.** **Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH):** Water points in Ura refugee camp are centrally\nlocated and accessible, providing sufficient water for the current population. However,\nadditional water points will be needed if the camp's population increases, as current resources\nmay become inadequate. The community has reported that the water quality is not ideal and\nis primarily used for washing rather than drinking. Regarding sanitation, some latrines lack\ngender segregation, with both men and women using the same facilities. Additionally, the\nlatrines have internal and external locks.\n**c.** **Camps safety and security:** Ura camp currently lacks formal security personnel. The security\nis managed by the RRS protection team and community leaders, who act as the camp's\nprotection force. Participants in the safety audit noted a lack of visible services for GBV\nsurvivors, with existing centers located in unsafe, inaccessible areas, particularly challenging\nfor women, girls, and individuals with special needs.\n**d.** **Energy:** The National Rural Development Programme (NRDP) organization provides firewood\nto the refugee community, but it is insufficient, forcing women and girls to travel long distances\ninto the bush to collect firewood, which poses significant protection risks. Additionally, the lack\nof a market within the camp requires women and girls to venture outside for supplies, exposing\nthem to further safety concerns.\n\n\nii. **Tsore, Sherkole, and Bambasi camps in Assosa**\n\nIn 2024 Safety audit exercise were conducted in Tsore, Sherkole, and Bambasi Refugee camps.\nKey findings include:\n\n**a.** **Shelter and Infrastructure:** In Sherkole camp, significant overcrowding was noticed in Zone\nC and new sites in Tsore camp with multiple families living in inadequate shelters. Femaleheaded and child-headed households face increased vulnerability due to lack of privacy and\nprotection. Unsafe, narrow roads in Zone F and dark areas of Tsore camp increase risks for\nwomen and girls traveling within the camp.\n**b.** **Security and Protection:** In Sherkole, abandoned houses and lack of security lights, limited\npresence of security forces and local police are among the major challenges that contribute\nto unsafe living conditions. Women and children working in gold mining areas face significant\nGBV risks, including exploitation and abuse. In Tsore, absence of formal law enforcement with\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\nreliance on local community police limits effective protection against GBV was noted. Limited\nsafe spaces for children and youth, with the need for more youth centers and safe spaces in\nnewly established sites were highlighted by Children and youth. In Bambasi, limited security\nand legal protection services are available. The detention center in Zone A was reported to\nhave inadequate fencing and sex-segregated spaces, affecting safety and protection.\n**c.** **Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH):** In Tsore camp, limited latrines in several zones\ncreates unsafe conditions while the existing ones lack sex-segregation and proper locks,\nimpacting privacy and safety for women and girls. Water points are inadequately fenced,\nraising safety and cleanliness concerns. Overcrowding at water sources cause tensions\namong the refugees and host communities in and around Sherkole camp. In Tsore, centralized\nwater points are present but may need expansion if the population increases. Insufficient\nmenstrual hygiene materials for adolescent girls are a concern in all the three camps.\n**d.** **Energy Supply:** In Bambasi camp, insufficient provision of firewood forces women and girls to\ncollect firewood from surrounding areas, increasing their risk of GBV.\n**e.** **Health and Nutrition:** In Sherkole, limited availability of essential medicines and frequent\nclosure of health services affect care for GBV survivors. Support for individuals with disabilities\nis inadequate. In Tsore Health facilities are not fully stocked, and there are issues with\nproviding timely and adequate care, including the lack of emergency contraception and family\nplanning services. In Bambasi, the health center operates 24/7 but lacks separate spaces for\nmale and female patients, emergency contraception, and family planning services. Medication\nshortages and power issues affect service quality.\n**f.** **Food/CRI/NFI Distribution Practices:** The distribution points do not consider the needs of\npeople with specific needs. Separate ques are not considered, or priority is given to pregnant\nwomen, people with disabilities and elderly during distributions, impacting their safety and\naccess to resources.\n\n**Amhara Region:**\n\n**i.** **Metema border, Kumer TC (Emergency)**\n\nBelow are the key findings from the assessment conducted in Metema and Kumer safety and needs\nassessment in 2023 while a similar exercise is planned to take place before the end of September\nin Aftit.\n\n**a.** **Shelter and Infrastructure and WASH:** The entry points and transit centers are considered\nunsafe due to overcrowding, poor infrastructure, and environmental hazards like snakes,\nscorpions, and exposure to harsh weather. Participants of the assessment consistently\nreported feeling unsafe due to inadequate security, threats from local communities, and the\nlack of secure places, such as proper lighting and fenced areas. Specific risks highlighted by\nthe refugees were, attacks from local men, harassment, and the presence of dangerous\nwildlife. Shelters are reported to be overcrowded and poorly managed, leading to a lack of\nprivacy and increased risks of GBV. Reports also indicate insufficient or damaged facilities like\ntoilets and shelters that lack proper locks or sex-segregation. Conditions at entry points and\ntransit centers are particularly dire, with issues such as lack of proper food, shelter, and\nelectricity. Relations with the host community vary, with some reports of friendly interactions\nand others noting issues such as harassment and lack of support.\n**b.** **GBV Awareness and Services:** There is a significant lack of information about GBV and\navailable support services among refugees. Many participants are unaware of where to report\nGBV incidents or receive help. Some refugees rely on informal methods of addressing GBV,\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "safety and needs\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.7817498445510864, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5412761569023132, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9168358445167542, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV. Reports", - "confidence": 0.9751924276351929, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5454455614089966, - "start": 699, - "end": 700 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF |** Gender-Based Violence in the Sudan Refugee Response \u2013 Ethiopia | AUGUST 2024\n\n\nsuch as talking to family members or community members, rather than accessing formal\nreporting mechanisms or services. Services for GBV survivors are reported as limited or nonexistent in several areas. There is a lack of accessible, gender-sensitive services, and\ninadequate medical and psychological support. There is also a need for more trained female\nstaff and case workers to handle GBV cases and psychological support and counseling\nservices to address mental health issues. The psychological impact of living in unsafe and\novercrowded conditions is significant, with reports of severe stress, anxiety, and depression.\n**c.** **Training and Awareness:** There is a need for enhanced training for both aid workers and\nrefugees on GBV issues and available resources. Creating awareness among refugees about\nGBV services and reporting mechanisms is crucial. Training should also extend to local\nauthorities and security personnel to ensure they can effectively support and protect refugees.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bee8cf4-6df6-4ed7-a325-1ab78e15a818/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-%20Protection%20Brief%20on%20GBV%20-%20Final%20-%20August%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_698/raw/doc_698_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_698/raw/doc_698_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bdfe502a250c0a95b22cd91ba14ba5ee7a98195d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_698/raw/doc_698_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Operational Context**\n\n\nOver the last decade, Ethiopia has witnessed significant influxes of refugees from neighboring countries,\nprimarily Somalia, South Sudan, Eritrea, and Sudan. As of the end of December 2024, the country hosts\n1,073,275 refugees. The total refugee population in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, stands at 79,253.\nEritrean refugees make up approximately 92% of the urban population in Addis Ababa, followed by Yemenis,\nSomalis, South Sudanese, and other nationalities. Women constitute over half (55%) of the urban refugee\npopulation, while children make up 29%. Many women and girls are at risk and have specific protection needs,\nsuch as survivors of gender-based violence (GBV), female-headed families, or unaccompanied and separated\nchildren.\n\n\nThe Government, UNHCR and partners support refugees living in Addis Ababa under the Government of\nEthiopia\u2019s Out-of-Camp Policy (OCP) [1], refugees assisted through the urban programme [2] and exceptionally selfrelocated refugees from now defunct refugee camps in Tigray. [3]\n\n\nThe 2024 Participatory Assessment revealed that refugees and asylum seekers living in Addis Ababa and its\nsurroundings face a range of protection challenges that affect their well-being and dignity. Some of the most\npressing issues are delays in accessing asylum procedures and obtaining valid documentation, the lack of\nsustainable livelihood opportunities and economic inclusion programs, child protection challenges such as\nunaccompanied and separated children, high school enrollment and dropout rates, the prevalence of GBV,\nespecially among women and girls, physical safety and security issues pertaining to arbitrary arrest, detention\nand refoulment as well as irregular onward movements. [4]\n\n\nTo mitigate and address these challenges, UNHCR, together with the Government's Refugee and Returnees\nServices (RRS) and partners, has been working closely with the refugee community to strengthen existing\ncommunity-based protection mechanisms. RRS conducts registration and documentation with support from\nUNHCR. UNHCR advocates for access to asylum procedures, provides cash-based interventions, protection case\nmanagement and response, child protection interventions, advances protection from GBV including Protection\nfrom Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA), supports health and education services, provides individual\ncounseling and legal aid, and facilitates livelihood opportunities and durable solutions.\n\n\nIn 2024, funding for UNHCR Ethiopia operation has been significantly reduced. Consequently, the extent and\navailability of cash assistance, medical services, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), free legal aid\nservices, and community-based protection have been significantly limited.\n\n\n1 The Government of Ethiopia shifted its refugee policy in 2010 \u2013 specifically towards Eritrean refugees \u2013 by establishing the \u2018out-ofcamp\u2019 policy through which Eritreans are allowed to live and study outside the camps if they are able to sustain themselves independently\n(usually through relatives or remittances).\n2 Comprises approximately 6,000 refugees referred from the camps on medical grounds, compelling protection concerns and/or refugees\nwho have no designated camps in Ethiopia. This group relies on Cash Based Interventions to cover their basic needs including food, health,\nhousing and education.\n\n\n3 _Actual population unknown as pending verification and documentation by government following their self- relocation from Tigray in_\n_2021.Covers those with specific needs i.e. children at risk, women at risk and those with severe medical conditions._\n4 According to Participatory assessment conducted between February 01-March 01/2024\n[(https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:1de393d2-830f-4952-9b19-99f638dabc0a](https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:1de393d2-830f-4952-9b19-99f638dabc0a)\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Participatory assessment", - "confidence": 0.9949411153793335, - "start": 619, - "end": 621 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Immediate needs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Protection
Protection services and issuance of
documentation to 57,745 refugees
and asylum seekers|Child Protection
Adequate family-based care for
2,964 unaccompanied children|Livelihood
54,365 Work/Residence
permit & business license
issuance, development of skill
sets for refugees|\n|---|---|---|\n|
** Gender-Based Violence**
Prevention, response and risk
mitigation intervention for**79,253**
refugees and asylum seekers|
**Health & MHPSS **
Medical Intervention for over
**2,500** health and**42,700** MHPSS
needs|
**CBI (Cash-Based**
**Intervention) **
Regular and targeted assistance for
over**24,000** Tigray war self-
relocated refugees|\n\n\n\n**Strategic Objectives of the Urban Refugee Management Programme 2023-2026**\n\n\n - To enhance access to asylum and protection services including registration, refugee status\ndetermination, and documentation towards strengthening access to protection, assistance and durable\nsolutions considering the growing population and diversity.\n\n - To improve access to essential social services, to education, health, and justice, and to boost the selfreliance of refugees, aligning this support with existing national programs.\n\n - To enhance community-based mechanisms/approaches to support robust women and girls' participation\nand empowerment from exploitation and abuse through child protection, gender-based violence and\nprotection from sexual exploitation and abuse interventions.\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s response**\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n - Registration and documentation: UNHCR continues to support the Ethiopian government\u2019s Refugees\nand Returnees Service (RRS) in the verification exercise for refugees and asylum-seekers in Addis Ababa.\nIn the year 2024, RRS with the support of UNHCR issued 14,018 Identity Documents (IDs) and 9,956\nProof of Registration (POR) for urban refugees, all of which included a FAYDA number. Moreover, 602\nBirth certificates, 1,743 Marriage certificates, 16 Divorce certificates and 2 Death certificates were\nissued under the national civil registration conducted by RRS. UNHCR supports RRS in the overall\nsupervision of the exercise, managing litigation cases, providing technical and logistical support required\nfor the exercise.\n\n\n**Basic Needs**\n\n\n - Between 01 January and 31 December 2024, a total of ETB 107,030,302, equivalent to US$1.6 million,\nwas transferred to 5,595 most vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers to cover part of their basic needs.\nMoreover, one-off cash assistance worth US$ 1,055.14 was provided to cover the immediate needs of\nan additional nine newly identified families through UNHCR\u2019s implementing partner, Development and\nInter-Church Aid Commission (DICAC).\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Health and MHPSS**\n\n\n- By the end of 2024, about 1,100 asylum seekers and urban refugees benefited from the UNHCR\u2019s\nhealthcare services implemented through its partner organization, DICAC. Refugees who had selfrelocated from Tigray camps were not included in the healthcare services due to budget constraints,\nwith targeted assistance being provided only to those most in need. This reporting period saw a\nrelatively smaller number of urban refugees benefiting from health interventions due to the reduction\nof the budget affecting the partner The expenditure for health was US$ 247,182.04.\n\n- Over 6,000 refugees benefitted from mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services\nthroughout the year 2024. Of these, 985 participated in individual and group counseling sessions, while\n4,309 refugees were reached through community-based psychosocial support and recreational\nactivities. Some 550refugee and host community committee members benefited from different capacity\nenhancement community conversations. At the same time, 135 refugees were assisted through MHPSS\nassessments and inter-agency referrals.\n\n- A training on Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) was organized by the MHPSS\nimplementing partner, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS). Thirty health professionals from government health\nfacilities and four MHPSS partner staff participated in the training.\n\n- Following the health facilities\u2019 readiness and capacity assessment on MHPSS results and\nrecommendations received from the Addis Ababa Health Bureau, psychotropic medications were\npurchased and donated to 17 public health centers by the MHPSS partner, JRS. Each health center\nreceived four types of psychotropic medication items support at the beginning of 2024.\n\n\n**Education**\n\n\n- UNHCR has worked to ensure the inclusion of refugee children in the national education system by\npromoting and strengthening school enrollment.\n\n- In the year 2024, 784 refugee students (340 girls), who were enrolled in different schools, received\neducation assistance. The program provided funds for transportation and stationary materials for the\nstudents which were distributed across various levels of education: 156 (62 girls) in pre-primary, 466\n(215 girls) in primary, and 162 (63 girls) in secondary education.\n\n\n**Child Protection and Youth Programme**\n\n\n- In 2024, over 3,750 refugee children were reached through child protection interventions. Of these\ntotal, 865 unaccompanied and separated children and other at-risk children received targeted support,\nincluding family-based alternative care, cash assistance, and MHPSS.\n\n- Throughout the reporting period, 839 at-risk children benefitted from the Best Interests Procedure and\nspecialized child protection case management services.\n\n- Over 8,600 refugee children and youth benefited from services at Cherkos and Ayat Urban Child\nProtection and MHPSS Centers and at Refugee Community Center in Sidist Killo. All of these centers\nare managed by JRS, the child protection implementing partner. Refugee children and youth benefited\nfrom art therapy, language and computer classes, life skills training, and individual/group counseling\nservices.\n\n- To strengthen community-based child protection mechanisms, 1,587 members of various community\nstructures,-including refugee representatives, Child Parliament, Youth Association, Women Association\nand refugee incentive workers, received child protection and related capacity-building trainings.\n\n- A total of 1,541 refugee youths received protection services such as language, computer, music courses,\nand sports skills training. Seventy-two adolescents and youth enrolled in vocational skill training, and 50\ntook advanced computer courses. Of these, 22 vocational skills trainees and 25 advanced computer\ntrainees passed competency exams and received Certificates of Competency (COC). Moreover, 1,136\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugee youth participated in youth empowerment activities, such as reconciliation, peacebuilding and\nconflict management dialogues in different peace clubs at refugee hosting schools.\n\n\n**Gender-Based Violence (GBV), including PSEA**\n\n\n- UNHCR, in collaboration with its partner DICAC, is actively working to protect vulnerable refugees and\nto prevent and respond to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) cases.\n\n- GBV response services, including psychosocial support, safety and security measures, healthcare, and\nother essential services, are being provided through the national GBV response system. UNHCR\u2019s\npartner, DICAC, collaborates closely with the Addis Ababa City Administration Bureau of Women and\nSocial Affairs to enhance the inclusion of refugees in the national GBV program and to support individual\nrefugee case management.\n\n- Over 2,500 refugee women and girls received sanitary napkins on a quarterly basis, with each individual\nreceiving three packs every month. Approximately 13,000 sanitary napkins were distributed at six onestop centers. Additionally, 2,160 napkins were provided to the Addis Ababa Women Association and\n11,232 to two secondary schools with a high refugee population. These distributions supported both\nthe urban refugee community and vulnerable members of the host community by providing access to\nthese essential hygiene products.\n\n- More than 5,000 refugee and asylum seekers were reached through GBV awareness raising sessions in\ndifferent occasions including major events like the International Women's Day and 16 days of Activism.\n\n- UNHCR, in collaboration with DICAC, organized training sessions focused on GBV for 35 government\nstaff members from various agencies, including the one-stop center, police, and the Women and Social\nAffairs Office on case management. Additionally, 50 representatives from refugee women and youth\nassociations, as well as community volunteers, participated in basic training about GBV concepts. This\ninitiative aims to strengthen the capacity of both government and community representatives in\neffectively addressing and managing GBV cases.\n\n\n**Access to Justice, detention and irregular onward movement**\n\n\n- UNHCR, in collaboration with the Addis Ababa University\u2019s legal aid center provided free legal aid\nservices for urban refugees. The legal aid center continued to support urban refugees despite the\nabsence of a partnership agreement with UNHCR in 2024.\n\n- The program supports urban refugees by providing services such as legal counseling, support in drafting\nstatements of claim and defense to courts of law, as well as preparing petitions and applications to\ngovernment agencies.\n\n- UNHCR has organized a capacity building workshop for 21 of Addis Ababa University\u2019s legal aid center\u2019s\nstaff and student volunteers. The training enhanced their knowledge on refugee protection, communitybased protection, advocacy skills for forcibly displaced persons, as well as promotion of legal aid for GBV\nsurvivors. The workshop laid the foundation for the resumption of an official partnership agreement\nbetween UNHCR and the University in 2025.\n\n- Legal information sessions organized by UNHCR reached 151 urban refugees from diverse nationalities.\n\n- Renewed incidents of detention of urban refugees were recorded since November 2024, with hundreds\nof urban refugees subjected to arbitrary and prolonged detention. The Urban program revamped its\ndetention monitoring in collaboration with the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission, Office of the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and RRS, which helped to secure the\nrelease of over a hundred urban refugees from detention. Moreover, a Platform for Action for Cases of\nTrafficking and Aggravated Smuggling (PACTAS) project was launched in November 2024 with the\nsupport of the now defunct Office of the Special Envoy for the Western, Central and Meditranian\nSituation. Under this project, 59 urban refugees were targeted with an awareness raising campaign,\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "focusing on the dangers of onward movement. Data collection on protection involving trafficking has\nalso been conducted with the help of volunteers recruited for this purpose.\n\n- Irregular onward movement trends have continued to be observed with a combination of traditional and\nemerging drivers, such as limited durable solutions and livelihood/inclusion opportunities, and insecurity\nattributed to incidents of arbitrary arrest, detention and refoulement,trigger involvement in dangerous\njourneys by urban refugees, especially via the southern route. Under a project aimed at preventing and\nresponding to trafficking incidents, UNHCR\u2019s Urban Response Program targeted 60 urban refugees from\ndiverse nationalities with information sessions focusing on protection of people on the move, child\nprotection and examples of the dangerous journeys aimed to deter potential irregular onward\nmovement.\n\n**Accountability to the Affected People (AAP)**\n\n\n- From 1 January to 31 December, 2024, the call centre received a total of 6,750 calls. Out of these, 3,614\ncallers were guided through the process of submitting their complaints via the UNHCR's Digital Request\nComplaint System. Additionally, 3,136 individuals benefited from immediate counselling services. The\npredominant issues reported were related to protection and resettlement (RST)-related matters.\n\n- Throughout the reporting year, the protection reception desk provided in-person counselling to 1,586\nindividuals seeking assistance with various requests. Most of these inquiries were appeals related to\nRST, primarily stemming from challenges in accessing support and livelihood opportunities within the\ncountry.\n\n- UNHCR conducted two training sessions, focusing on AAP, aimed at enhancing the skills of partner staff.\nThe training involved 32 staff members from JRS and 25 from DICAC. This initiative is part of UNHCR's\nongoing commitment to ensure that humanitarian efforts are effectively aligned with the needs and\nfeedback of those they serve.\n\n- In 2024, various posters and leaflets were distributed to promote awareness on critical issues such as\nchild protection, GBV, PSEA, Anti-Fraud measures, and services for urban refugees. This initiative aimed\nto provide information to the community and enhance the understanding of these important topics\namong the affected populations and service providers.\n\n\n**Community-Based Protection**\n\n\n- In October 2024, a community representative election was conducted, resulting in the election of 47\nrepresentatives (25 men and 22 women). Each nationality, including minority groups, has five elected\nrepresentatives.\n\n- From 21 February to 1 March, 2024, UNHCR facilitated a Participatory Assessment involving refugees\nand asylum-seekers in Addis Ababa. Over 600 participants engaged in discussions about key issues,\nidentified priorities, and provided specific recommendations. The findings from this assessment will\nguide UNHCR's protection and humanitarian response programming for 2025.\n\n- UNHCR also organized regular meetings with community representatives to discuss ongoing program\nactivities, challenges, and emerging situations. Additionally, UNHCR supported refugee women and girls\nin participating in a women's only run organized by the Great Ethiopia Run to enhance their integration\ninto host community events.\n\n\n**Self-reliance**\n\n\n- UNHCR continues to work with RRS to mitigate legal and procedural hurdles for skilled refugees to gain\naccess to employment. Consequently, urban refugees were issued with work and residence permits.\nAlso, UNHCR and its partner JRS in collaboration with various operational partners continue supporting\nrefugees to be self-reliant through providing technical and vocational training programs.\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Through our operational partners, a total of 594 youth (refugee, returnee, and host community) received\ndifferent capacity building trainings including soft and technical skill training on livelihood improvement\ninterventions and access to work permit and business license. Save the Children\u2019s EAMR (East African\nMigration Routes) project, through the funding sources of Switzerland Development Cooperation, has\nsuccessfully provided technical skill training for 285 youth which can enhance their engagement in\nprofitable income generating activities.\n\n - Digital Opportunity Trust-Ethiopia, in collaboration with the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation and Na\u2019amal,\nhas successfully certified 29 youth refugees, equipping them with digital skills and full stack web\ndevelopment.\n\n - Following the endorsement of new directive, Directive No. 1019/2024 to Implement Recognized\nRefugees' and Asylum Seekers' Right to Work, a total of 274 work permits and six business licences were\nissued to refugees.\n\n\nContacts\n\n\n**Lorrine Ombech**, Protection Officer, UNHCR Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Urban Refugee Response, Ethiopia,\nombech@unhcr.org,\n**Susanne Butscher**, Senior External Engagement Coordinator, UNHCR Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,\n[butscher@unhcr.org](mailto:butscher@unhcr.org)\n**David Karp**, Assistant Representative for Protection, UNHCR Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,\n[karp@unhcr.org](mailto:karp@unhcr.org)\n\nFurther documents and information are available on the UNHCR data-portal Ethiopia page, please click on the\n[following link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth)\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e46176d0-7bcc-5e67-a1db-d8100d0f297a/UNHCR%20Ethiopia%20-Urban%20Factsheet-%20Annual%20report%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_699/raw/doc_699_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_699/raw/doc_699_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a133e9c85228d0d0f6172702f040ab4c6dbcdf67..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_699/raw/doc_699_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,241 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\nR E G I O N A L S U M M A R I E S\n# **East and Horn** **of Africa and** **the Great Lakes**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### MAJOR SITUATIONS IN 2020\n\n**BURUNDI**\n\n\n\n**$5,240,211** **distributed**\n**in cash assistance.**\n\n\n\n**69,661** **households reached**\n**with core relief items.**\n\n\n\n**284,841** **people of concern**\n**received hygiene supplies.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBURUNDIAN REFUGEES IN\nNEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES\n\n\n\n**128,000** [**]\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfter Burundi\u2019s 2020 elections, the Government strengthened engagement with the international community\nincluding humanitarian actors. The overall working environment and the political and security situation\nimproved, although reports of human rights abuses continued. In line with the Burundi Regional Refugee\nResponse Plan, which brought together 35 partners, UNHCR provided protection, assistance and access to\nservices for an estimated 313,000 Burundian refugees, mainly in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo and the United Republic of Tanzania. UNHCR pressed for their inclusion in national COVID-19\u0003\nresponses. Food shortages grew, leading to negative coping mechanisms, including gender-based violence\nand premature returns. COVID-19 disrupted schools, stretched health services and constrained access to\nregistration, asylum and voluntary repatriation. Although health screenings, isolation facilities, personal\nprotective equipment, testing and social distancing added unplanned costs to the repatriation movements,\nUNHCR helped 40,900 refugees to return from Rwanda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda, bringing\nthe total returns to Burundi to close to 120,500 since voluntary repatriation activities began in 2017. UNHCR did\nnot promote returns but continued to support those who expressed an interest in returning home voluntarily.\n\n\n\n**40,900**\nBURUNDIAN REFUGEE\nRETURNEES\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*Excludes the 1972 refugee caseload in the United Republic of Tanzania._\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN**\n\n\n\n_**Source: IOM._\n\n\n\n\n\n**368,334** **households reached**\n**with core relief items.**\n\n\n\n**16,960** **people of concern**\n**received emergency shelter.**\n\n\n\n**$4,117,960** **distributed**\n**in cash assistance.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSOUTH SUDANESE REFUGEES\nIN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\nOver 2.2 million South Sudanese refugees were hosted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia,\nKenya, Sudan and Uganda at the end of 2020, the largest refugee crisis in Africa, with 28,000 new refugees\nduring the year. 2020 saw slow progress towards peace and the implementation of the Revitalized\nAgreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS). After years of conflict, the situation\nwas not yet considered conducive for safe, dignified and sustainable returns for the majority of South\nSudanese refugees, but 122,000 did choose to return on their own in 2020.\n\nUNHCR provided South Sudanese refugees with protection and basic assistance, in line with the South Sudan\nRegional Refugee Response Plan, which brought together 96 partners, with gender-based violence and child\nprotection as priorities. UNHCR promoted refugee inclusion in COVID-19 prevention and response measures\nin line with the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework and the Global Refugee Forum. However,\nsupport for livelihoods activities was constrained during the pandemic. UNHCR strengthened its engagement\nwith IDPs in line with its IDP initiative, providing protection and assistance to over 1.6 million South Sudanese\nIDPs displaced by protracted conflict, environmental disasters and outbreaks of intercommunal violence.\n\n**SOMALIA**\n\n\n\n**1.6 million**\n\nIDPs\n\n**122,000**\nREFUGEE RETURNEES\n\n\n\n**174,000**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP RETURNEES\n\n\n\n**$7,668,766** **distributed**\n**in cash assistance.**\n\n\n\n**60,544** **households reached**\n**with core relief items.**\n\n\n\n**23,539** **people of concern**\n**received emergency shelter.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSOMALI REFUGEES IN\nNEIGHBOURING\nCOUNTRIES AND YEMEN\n\n\n\n**3 million**\n\n\n\nDecades of civil war and instability have created UNHCR\u2019s longest refugee crisis, with more than\n\u0003686,000 Somali refugees residing in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen and elsewhere in the region. 3 million \u0003\nSomalis were displaced within the country by the end of 2020. With COVID-19 as well as insecurity hindering\ncross-border movement, a total of 1,560 Somali refugees returned home. UNHCR assisted 600 refugees of these,\nwhile others returned on their own. Cumulatively, 92,150 Somali refugees have been assisted to return since\n2014. Amid ongoing state-building and funding shortfalls, returnees, IDPs and the 24,500 refugees and\nasylum-seekers hosted in Somalia faced insecurity and climate-related shocks such as floods, droughts\nand locust infestations. The UNHCR-led protection return monitoring network in Somalia recorded nearly\n1.3 million new displacements, 70% due to flooding. Most remained in need of urgent humanitarian assistance.\nAs well as providing direct support for protection, assistance and solutions for the most vulnerable, UNHCR and\npartners helped build the Government\u2019s capacity to implement comprehensive protection and solutions\n\u0003for 3.3 million people of concern.\n\n**ETHIOPIA (TIGRAY)** [***]\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,560**\nREFUGEE RETURNEES\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n**27,288** **people of concern**\n**were assisted with core relief**\n**items and emergency shelter.**\n\n\n\n_***Budget and funding for the Ethiopia (Tigray) situation in 2020 were mainstreamed_\n_in the relevant countries programmes._\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n\n**96,000**\nERITREAN REFUGEES IN\nTIGRAY REGION OF ETHIOPIA\n\n\n\n800\n\n\n600\n\n\n400\n\n\n200\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nETHIOPIAN NEW\nARRIVALS IN SUDAN\n\n\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\nViolence flared in Ethiopia\u2019s Tigray region in November 2020, driving some 55,000 Ethiopians to seek refuge\nin eastern Sudan. Some 96,000 Eritrean refugees\u2014registered in Tigray before the crisis erupted\u2014were also\nseverely affected. Some were forced to flee to find safety elsewhere in Ethiopia, including in Addis Ababa.\nUNHCR led the inter-agency refugee response plan in Sudan, working with the Government and partners \u0003to\nprovide life-saving assistance, expand reception facilities and set up two refugee camps to offer the\n\u000355,000 refugees protection, water, sanitation, health care, education, shelter and food.\n\nIn Tigray, communication blackouts and lack of access precluded any immediate response. UNHCR joined the\nrest of the UN in requesting unhindered access and raised concerns about the safety and well-being of the\nEritrean refugees and hundreds of thousands of IDPs. UNHCR extended assistance, protection services and\ncash grants to many of the Eritrean refugees who had fled to Addis Ababa.\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_* Figure currently includes host community population in Uganda, reflecting UNHCR\u2019s evolving approach to refugee inclusion and integrated area-based service delivery._\n_Population category definitions are under review and will be adjusted in 2021 to introduce a separate category of host community members who may benefit directly from_\n_UNHCR assistance._\n\n\n\n**2.7 million**\nETHIOPIAN IDPs PRIOR\nTO THE EMERGENCY\n\n\n\n**80** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **81**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020", - "confidence": 0.9984240531921387, - "start": 1374, - "end": 1378 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8725351691246033, - "start": 1376, - "end": 1377 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7993809580802917, - "start": 1374, - "end": 1375 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9969903230667114, - "start": 1377, - "end": 1378 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6998108625411987, - "start": 1381, - "end": 1382 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ETHIOPIAN IDPs", - "confidence": 0.933967649936676, - "start": 1363, - "end": 1365 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\n### KEY RESULTS AND TRENDS IN 2020\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **PROGRAMMATIC** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n\n\n**CHILD PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n\n**26,345** unaccompanied or separated\nchildren had a best interests assessment\n\n\n**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n**TRENDS** IN RESPONSE\n\n**Cash assistance by sector in Africa | 2016-2020**\n\nBasic needs Seasonal grants Life-saving support Solutions\n\n\n2020\n\n\n2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**12,577** gender-based violence incidents\nreported for which survivors received\npsychosocial counselling.\n\n\n**CORE RELIEF ITEMS**\n\n**861,752** households provided with\ncore relief items.\n**$60.3 million** worth of core relief\nitems distributed.\n**434,906** women received sanitary\nmaterials.\n\n\n**HEALTH**\n\n**0.16** under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000\nunder-5s per month) in refugee camps.\n\n\n\n\n\n2018\n\n\n2017\n\n\n2016\n\n\n\nIn millions\n\n7\n\n6\n\n5\n\n4\n\n3\n\n2\n\n\n\nUSD millions\n**Including **$30.2 million** in the **East and Horn of Africa and**\n**the Great Lakes** region.\n\n\n\n**Individual registration records | 2016-2020**\n\n\nIndividual registration records in PRIMES proGres v4\nindividuals (5 years and above) with biometric records in PRIMES\n\n\n\n**Resettlement departures | 2016-2020**\n\nIndividuals\n\n40,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n35,000\n\n30,000\n\n25,000\n\n20,000\n\n15,000\n\n10,000\n\n\n\n**SHELTER**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n**4,831**\n0\n\n\n\n5,000\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n**48%** of households lived in adequate\ndwellings.\n\n\n\n\n\n**19** litres of potable water available on\naverage per person per day in refugee\ncamps.\n**52%** of households had a drop-hole\nlatrine or drop-hole toilet.\n\n\n**EDUCATION***\n\n**742,944** children enrolled in primary\neducation.\n\n**105,149** students enrolled in secondary\neducation.\n\n**3,132** people of concern received\ntertiary education scholarships.\n\n\n**SELF-RELIANCE**\n\n**15,254** people of concern provided\nwith entrepreneurship/business training.\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY RETURNS**\n\n**62,339** people of concern assisted to\nreturn voluntarily.\n\n\n**RESETTLEMENT**\n\n**9,179** resettlement submissions.\n\n\n\n1\n\n0\n\n\n\n_*While enrolment rates for the school year were high, a majority of those enrolled did not attend school due to COVID-19 restrictions._\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **COVID-19** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n**3,690,538** refugees, IDPs and\nother people of concern accessed\nprotection services.\n\n\n**1,023,717** refugees, IDPs and other\npeople of concern received cash\nassistance related to the impact of\nCOVID-19.\n\n\n\n**6,009,208** refugees and other\npeople of concern received essential\nhealth care services.\n\n\n**783,796** women and girls accessed\nsexual and reproductive health\nservices.\n\n\n\n**76,258** refugees and other people\nof concern provided with mental\nhealth and psychosocial support\nservices.\n\n\n**11** country operations reported all\ngeographic areas inhabited by people\nof concern were reached by COVID-19\ninformation campaigns.\n\n\n\n**88,028** children (6-59 months)\nadmitted for treatment of moderate\nacute malnutrition.\n\n\n**35,359** children (6-59 months)\nadmitted for treatment of severe acute\nmalnutrition.\n\n\n\n**323,770** children and youth\nsupported with distance/home-based\nlearning.\n\n\n**560,339** refugee children and\nyouth out of school due to mandatory\nschool closures.\n\n\n\n**82** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **83**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\n\n##### KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND IMPACT\n\n\n\nUNHCR also submitted 9,179 resettlement\ncases from the region for resettlement\nconsideration to third countries,\n62% fewer than in 2019.\n\n\nEnsuring protection and durable\nsolutions for IDPs\n\nThe 2019 \u201cPolicy on UNHCR\u2019s\nengagement in situations of internal\ndisplacement\u201d continued to guide\nUNHCR\u2019s coordination responsibilities\nand operational response for IDPs in\nBurundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan\nand Sudan. UNHCR\u2019s protection\nmonitoring was, however, significantly\nhampered by the pandemic.\n\n\nIn Burundi, broad-based consultations\nundertaken by the UNHCR-led Protection\nCluster informed a new road map for\nstrengthening IDP protection. In Ethiopia,\nUNHCR extended its leadership role\nin the protection and other clusters to\nthe Tigray region, in response to\ndisplacements following the outbreak\nof conflict in November 2020. In Somalia,\nUNHCR\u2019s IDP response focused on\nremote protection monitoring, community\nengagement and risk communication.\n\n\nIn South Sudan, UNHCR significantly\nscaled up shelter and other support for\nIDPs affected by local violence, flooding\nand COVID-19. In Sudan, UNHCR\nincreased its information management\ncapacity to support the Protection\nCluster with protection monitoring and\noperational responses, as well as in the\nDurable Solutions Working Group.\n\n\nIn Ethiopia, while there was minimal\nprogress in gaining access to the\ndisplaced populations affected by the\nconflict in Tigray despite coordinated\nadvocacy by UNHCR, humanitarian\npartners and donors, UNHCR provided\nprotection and assistance to\n400,000 IDPs across other parts\nof Ethiopia.\n\n\n\nSafeguarding access to protection\nand asylum\n\nUNHCR urged countries in the region\nto uphold the right to seek asylum as\npandemic-related border closures\nhampered access to both territory and\nasylum procedures. UNHCR appealed for\nspecial measures to allow asylum-seekers\nto be screened, quarantined and\nadmitted, and for UNHCR to be granted\naccess to areas where new refugees\narrived. As a result, most countries in the\nregion, including Kenya, South Sudan,\nSudan and Uganda, kept borders open\nto refugees or exceptionally allowed\nthem access to their territory.\n\n\nCOVID-19 mitigation measures,\nparticularly restrictions on staff presence\nin offices, disrupted activities aimed at\nstrengthening the capacity of State\nasylum systems and delayed individual\nrefugee status determination (RSD)\nprocedures. However, some RSD\nprocessing continued thanks to deskbased casework, the installation of\nplexiglass interview room-dividers, and\nthe adaption of case processing to allow\nremote interviewing and virtual status\ndetermination committee meetings.\n\n\nUNHCR prioritized gender-based violence\nand child protection, including raising\nawareness and preventing and\nresponding to specific gender-based\nviolence risks, as well as scaling up\nexisting helplines, increasing investment\nin community-based structures, training\nrefugee workers to safely report and\nrefer cases, and adjusting individual case\nmanagement monitoring. In total, some\n12,600 survivors reporting incidents of\ngender-based violence received\npsychosocial counselling.\n\n\n\nResponding with life-saving\nassistance\n\nUNHCR supported host governments,\nproviding life-saving assistance and\nensuring access to services for all\nrefugees, with attention to the most\nvulnerable, and particularly those affected\nby the Tigray emergency in Sudan and\nEthiopia, as well as new arrivals from the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo in\nBurundi and Uganda and new arrivals\nfrom South Sudan in Ethiopia, Sudan and\nUganda. This included basic measures\nto prevent the spread of COVID-19 in\nall refugee camps and settlements:\nimproving health facilities and water\nand sanitation services and investing\nin risk communication and community\nengagement. Over 6 million people of\nconcern to UNHCR accessed essential\nhealth care services in the East and\nHorn of Africa and the Great Lakes.\nAll countries in the region organized\ninformation campaigns about COVID-19\nin areas inhabited by refugees, IDPs and\nothers of concern. When schools closed,\nUNHCR supported remote education\napproaches, including broadcasting lessons\nover the radio. It installed handwashing\nfacilities in schools and supported other\nmeasures to help them eventually reopen\nsafely. A total of 323,770 children and\nyouth across the region were supported\nwith distance/home-based learning by\nthe end of the year.\n\n\nLife-saving interventions targeted those\nmost adversely impacted by the COVID-19\npandemic, particularly people whose\nlivelihoods, well-being and dignity were\naffected. Refugees and IDPs in several\ncountries in the region including Djibouti,\nEthiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, the United\nRepublic of Tanzania, and Uganda\nwere seriously affected by WFP food\nration cuts.\n\n\n\nCash assistance to urban refugees\nrepresented a lifeline for those who had\nsuffered income loss, gender-based\nviolence, food insecurity including\nmalnutrition, or mental health issues.\nUNHCR disbursed $30.2 million in cash\nassistance across the region, and 1 million\nrefugees, IDPs and other people of concern\nreceived COVID-19-specific cash assistance.\n\n\nSeeking durable solutions for\nprotracted refugee situations\n\nWith the exception of Burundi, most\nfacilitated refugee returns were\nsuspended as a result of the pandemic.\nReturns in other locations such as Somalia\nand South Sudan slowly resumed in the\nsecond half of the year, with COVID-19\npreventive measures in place. In total,\nsome 165,000 refugees returned to their\ncountries of origin during the year,\nincluding over 40,900 facilitated returns\nto Burundi and almost 122,000 selforganized returns recorded in South\nSudan. Some 600 Somalis were assisted\nto return, while the rest who returned on\ntheir own did so spontaneously.\n\n\nThe Solutions Initiative for South Sudan\nand Sudan, involving both Governments,\nled by the Intergovernmental Authority on\nDevelopment (IGAD) and supported by\nUNHCR, was launched at the end of 2020\nto advance comprehensive solutions for\nboth countries\u2019 forcibly displaced\npopulations and to seek international\nsolidarity on early recovery needs.\n\n\nThe pandemic also severely disrupted\nresettlement processes. Movement\nrestrictions and remote-working\narrangements resulted in a decrease\nin the identification, interviews and\nsubmissions of refugees in need of\nresettlement. COVID-19 also forced\nthe suspension of departures for\nseveral months, with only 4,831 refugee\ndepartures facilitated by UNHCR in the\nregion in 2020, a 74% decrease.\n\n\n\n**84** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **85**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020", - "confidence": 0.9194777607917786, - "start": 1102, - "end": 1106 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.522747814655304, - "start": 1104, - "end": 1105 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5561531186103821, - "start": 1085, - "end": 1086 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9719849228858948, - "start": 1090, - "end": 1091 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9309520721435547, - "start": 1090, - "end": 1091 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6377419829368591, - "start": 1059, - "end": 1060 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\n\n\nReducing and preventing\nstatelessness\n\nThe pandemic forced UNHCR to\nreprioritize its efforts linked to the\neradication of statelessness in the region.\nA significant achievement was, however,\nrealized in December 2020 when,\nfollowing extensive advocacy efforts\nby UNHCR, Kenya announced a landmark\ndecision to grant citizenship to\n1,670 stateless Shona and 1,300 stateless\npersons of Rwandan descent. Other\nsignificant achievements included the\nadoption of national action plans to end\nstatelessness in Rwanda and South Sudan,\nand the creation of a national statelessness\ntaskforce in Rwanda.\n\n\nFurthermore, International Conference on\nthe Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) member\nStates endorsed a consolidated action\nplan on the eradication of statelessness\nin the Great Lakes in November 2020.\nThe implementation of this action plan\nwill bring positive dividends for ICGLR\nmembers and support the implementation\nof member States\u2019 pledges made at the\nHigh-Level Segment on Statelessness and\nthe Global Refugee Forum.\n\n\n**New partner TECNO supports COVID**\n**response and education in Kenya**\n\nIn 2020, TECNO, a premium smartphone\nbrand of TRANSSION Holdings, became\nUNHCR\u2019s first Chinese corporate partner. It supported\neducation in the Dadaab camp in Kenya, as part of the\njoint Educate A Child programme from UNHCR and\nEducation Above All Foundation. In the context of\nCOVID-19, TECNO also donated surgical masks to UNHCR\nin Kenya to support the COVID-19 response, as well as\ntablets to support refugee children in Kenya\u2019s refugee\ncamps with connected learning.\n\n\n\nLack of reliable estimates of the number\nof stateless persons in the region,\nparticularly those with undetermined\nnationality, remained a challenge in 2020.\nRegional studies highlight serious gaps in\ndomestic nationality laws leading to\nstatelessness, and specific qualitative\nprofiles of groups at risk of statelessness\nare known in Eastern Africa.\n\n\nImplementing pledges made at the\nGlobal Refugee Forum\n\nWhile the COVID-19 pandemic has limited\nmulti-stakeholder consultations and\nslowed the implementation of many\nGlobal Refugee Forum pledges in the\nregion, a number of countries including\nEthiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia and\nUganda have made progress by\ndeveloping country-level action plans\nand roadmaps.\n\n\nIn Burundi, the Agence Universitaire de\nla Francophonie provided scholarships to\n20 refugee students in Ngozi Province.\nUganda\u2019s Ministry of Health worked with\nstakeholders to support refugees\u2019\ninclusion in national health services,\naccrediting about 70% of facilities in\nrefugee-hosting districts by year-end.\nThe Government of Uganda also included\nrefugees in the resource allocation\nformula for refugee-hosting districts.\n\n\n##### FINANCIAL INFORMATION\n\n\n\nConsequences of underfunding\n\nUNHCR\u2019s financial requirements in the\nEast and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes\nregion were 47% funded in 2020.\nThe impact of underfunding compounded\nwith COVID-19 seriously affected the\ndelivery of protection and assistance to\npeople of concern.\n\n\nOperations were forced to divert precious\nresources away from regular programmes\nto respond to the pandemic. While\nfunding for the rollout of the new\ngender-based violence policy was\nsecured, gender-based violence and\nchild protection activities remained\nunderfunded across operations, despite\na reported increase in incidents of\ngender-based violence across the region\nduring the pandemic.\n\n\nFunding constraints also affected the\nprovision of food to refugees, with WFP\nfood ration cuts affecting over 3.3 million\n(72% of the total refugee population)\nincluding in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya,\nSouth Sudan, the United Republic of\nTanzania and Uganda. Ration cuts\nworsened the food security and nutrition\nsituation of refugees, causing increased\nmalnutrition in children and other\nvulnerable groups. Negative coping\nstrategies such as skipping or reducing\n\n\n\nmeals, taking high-interest loans, selling\nassets, child labour, and increased\ndomestic violence were also reported\nas a result of food ration and cash cuts.\n\n\nLimited support for livelihood activities\nalso affected refugees\u2019 self-reliance,\nleading to harmful coping mechanisms\nand compounding protection risks.\nPrevious gains made in relation to the\nself-reliance of people of concern in the\nregion were also negatively impacted\nby the economic toll of the pandemic\non host countries.\n\n\nFunding shortfalls meant that only 27%\nof refugees in the region were able to\naccess distance learning programmes\nduring the prolonged school closures.\nWhen schools reopened, refugee\nstudents were slow to return due to\nlimited classrooms and a shortage of\nteachers as a result of social distancing\nprotocols. Lack of water, sanitation and\nhygiene facilities in schools continued\nto hinder school reopenings and the\nsafe return of refugee students.\n\n\nDespite new emergencies in the region,\nincluding in the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo, Ethiopia and South Sudan,\nRefugee Response Plans across the\nregion remained poorly funded.\n\n\n\n**86** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **87**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional studies", - "confidence": 0.9758167862892151, - "start": 327, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Africa", - "confidence": 0.7529270052909851, - "start": 353, - "end": 355 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9820220470428467, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.8437505960464478, - "start": 309, - "end": 311 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE IN THE EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND**\n**THE GREAT LAKES** | 2016-2020\n\n\n\n**BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN THE EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND**\n**THE GREAT LAKES** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n**% OF**\n**EXP VS**\n**BUDGET**\n\n\n\n**Refugee**\n**OPERATION**\n**programme**\n\n\n\n**Stateless**\n**programme**\n\n\n\n**Reintegration**\n\n**projects**\n\n\n\n**IDP**\n**TOTAL**\n**projects**\n\n\n\n**% OF**\n**REGIONAL**\n\n**TOTAL**\n\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n900\n\n\n800\n\n\n700\n\n\n600\n\n\n500\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Regional Bureau for the East and Horn**\n**of Africa and the Great Lakes1**\n\n\n\n**Budget** 17,285,263 - - - **17,285,263** **1%**\n\n**Expenditure** 17,004,333 - - - **17,004,333** **2%** **98%**\n\n**Budget** 2,837,070 - - - **2,837,070** **0%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPillar 1\n\n\nPillar 2\n\n\nPillar 3\n\n\nPillar 4\n\n\n|Regional activities for the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes1 Expenditure 1,249,329 - - - 1,249,329|0% 44%|\n|---|---|\n|**SUBTOTAL**
**Budget**
20,122,333
-
-
-
** 20,122,333**
**Expenditure**
18,253,662
-
-
-
** 18,253,662**|**1%**|\n|**SUBTOTAL**
**Budget**
20,122,333
-
-
-
** 20,122,333**
**Expenditure**
18,253,662
-
-
-
** 18,253,662**|**2%**
**91%**|\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE VIA PARTNERS** | 2020\n\n\n**$313 million** spent via **235** partners in the East and\nHorn of Africa and the Great Lakes\n\n\n**88** Government **75** National NGO\n\n\n**67** International NGO partners, **5** UN agencies,\n**$191.2M** **$4.3M**\n\n\n\n**Other operations in Africa1** **Budget** 5,081,315 - - - **5,081,315** **0%**\n\n**Expenditure** 1,260,679 - - - **1,260,679** **0%** **25%**\n\n**Burundi** **Budget** 52,661,879 12,017 2,000,000 2,086,597 **56,760,494** **3%**\n\n**Expenditure** 29,247,698 - - 860,752 **30,108,450** **3%** **53%**\n\n**Djibouti** **Budget** 17,674,208 - - - **17,674,208** **1%**\n\n**Expenditure** 11,075,863 - - - **11,075,863** **1%** **63%**\n\n**Eritrea** **Budget** 9,528,287 - - - **9,528,287** **1%**\n\n**Expenditure** 1,700,704 - - - **1,700,704** **0%** **18%**\n\n**Ethiopia** **Budget** 346,357,747 - 7,000,000 31,757,191 **385,114,939** **20%**\n\n**Expenditure** 127,937,267 - - 11,041,799 **138,979,066** **16%** **36%**\n\n**Kenya** **Budget** 164,123,052 524,537 - - **164,647,589** **9%**\n\n**Expenditure** 92,231,274 220,772 - - **92,452,046** **11%** **56%**\n\n**Rwanda** **Budget** 106,311,965 - 2,650,000 - **108,961,965** **6%**\n\n**Expenditure** 52,498,028 - 1,890,084 - **54,388,112** **6%** **50%**\n\n**Somalia** **Budget** 42,876,539 - 76,660,910 34,841,803 **154,379,251** **8%**\n\n**Expenditure** 13,795,268 - 21,272,938 19,880,368 **54,948,574** **6%** **36%**\n\n**South Sudan** **Budget** 127,778,167 1,761,801 35,486,791 32,081,341 **197,108,100** **10%**\n\n**Expenditure** 86,021,533 1,099,808 2,243,138 28,313,484 **117,677,963** **14%** **60%**\n\n**Sudan** **Budget** 224,465,631 2,576,600 16,688,551 30,997,832 **274,728,614** **14%**\n\n**Expenditure** 101,854,070 612,619 4,482,492 22,450,896 **129,400,077** **15%** **47%**\n\n**Uganda** **Budget** 356,670,010 400,000 - - **357,070,010** **19%**\n\n**Expenditure** 160,108,887 65,694 - - **160,174,581** **19%** **45%**\n\n**United Republic of Tanzania** **Budget** 147,593,247 - 3,067,872 - **150,661,119** **8%**\n\n**Expenditure** 51,615,570 - 1,268,506 - **52,884,076** **6%** **35%**\n\n\n1 Regional Bureau, regional activities and other operations in Africa cover the whole of the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes region.\n\n\n\n**88** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **89**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES**\n\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA**\n**AND THE GREAT LAKES** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA**\n**AND THE GREAT LAKES** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Notes:\n\n\n\n1) Contributions include 6.5% indirect support costs.\n\n\n\n2) Overall contributions to Africa have been apportioned to the three regions of Africa.\n\n\n\n3) Includes a total of $5.5 million acknowledged in past years for activities with implementation in 2020 and excludes $28.9 million acknowledged in 2020 for activities with implementation in 2021 and beyond.\n\n\n\n4) Includes contributions earmarked to the Burundi, Somalia and South Sudan situations.\n\n\n\n**90** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **91**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020", - "confidence": 0.9305675029754639, - "start": 217, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.6604804992675781, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6757099628448486, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.982353925704956, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7732385396957397, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/40dd000c-fde0-3f57-96fa-709364666310/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20East%20and%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20and%20the%20Great%20Lakes.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_7/raw/doc_7_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_7/raw/doc_7_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 788155946890ab4ec2b530fb4c1f2753269e9dc2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_7/raw/doc_7_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Bekaa Governorate Profile (June 2015)\n\n#### **GENERAL OVERVIEW**\n\nThe Bekaa valley was split into two governorates in May 2014; Baalbek/Hermel and Bekaa. Bekaa hosts Lebanon\u2019s largest\nofficial border crossing with Syria in Masnaa. The Bekaa governorate is split into three administrative districts (Zahle,\nWest Bekaa and Rashaya), composed of over 85 municipalities. The Bekaa valley is an area confessionally mixed with\nChristians, Sunnis, Shiittes and Druze. The governorate has an average altitude of 1,000m above sea level. Inter-agency\nand sector coordination meetings take place in Zahle.\n\n\n\n\n#### **POPULATION OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **SOCIO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CHANGES IN CONTEXT JANUARY TO JUNE**\n\nSecurity trends in Bekaa were shaped by the intensifying conflict on the border between Islamist Armed Opposition\nGroups (I/AOGs) and other actors. The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) scaled up search and arrest operations, particularly\nin areas associated with I/AOG support networks including informal tented settlements and collective shelters. Heavy\nshelling of the border region by LAF was accompanied by a reinforcement of state and non-state security forces. Inside\nAarsal, Lebanese and Syrian nationals were increasingly abducted for ransom or information, while violent criminal\nincidents became more frequent.\n\n\nThe LAF have implemented evictions policy focused on settlements located within the vicinity of LAF facilities and assets,\nalong vital supply lines and in border areas. Over 7,000 individuals have had to relocate since January and a further 4,400\nhave been notified to vacate their sites.\n\n\nRestrictions on access were formalized in January with the imposition of specific entry criteria. In addition, the\nGovernment of Lebanon requested the suspension of registration of Syrian refugees conducted by UNHCR. As a result,\nthe number of new arrivals substantially diminished and the number of registered refugees has remained consistent.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4a30221-b7b3-3f14-9ee0-6447917679b8/07062015__BekaaGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **HUMANITARIAN AND STABLIZATION TRENDS**\n\nThe Bekaa valley has received the highest number of Syrian refugees in Lebanon which has put strains on already fragile\nservices and increased the vulnerability of host communities, as they compete over employment, accommodation, access\nto public services, and infrastructure. More than 40 per cent of the refugee population live in Informal Tented Settlements;\nand as a result, have limited access to basic services.\n\n\nWinterization campaign was finalized in April and reached over 270,000 registered refugees, some of whom reside in\nremote locations.\n\n\nIn 2015, five agencies will be financing their own cash programs while a total of 19 organizations are working on assessing\nalmost 25,000 households; of those, over 9,000 are expected to benefit from $175 per month in cash assistance.\nHousehold visits as part of the targeting process confirmed that the highest number of poor refugee families in\nsub-standard shelter live in the Bekaa.\n\n\nThe evictions committee continues to track and respond to the security-driven LAF evictions mostly taking place in\nCentral Bekaa. The committee\u2019s members are consistently conducting vulnerability and technical assessments and\nmobilizing assistance where needed.\n\n\nThrough the National Poverty Targeting Program, MoSA aims to help 18,000 poor Lebanese families that have been\naffected by the impact of the Syria crisis. At the moment only 7-8 per cent are being targeted due to lack of resources.\n\n\nInterventions with municipalities through the Mapping of Risk and Resource programme have taken place in 16\nmunicipalities. In addition, socio-cultural and socio-economic committees aiming at supporting Lebanese-Lebanese\nsocial stability by reducing tensions between Lebanese citizens themselves and supporting social interaction between\nLebanese and Syrians have been established in Central Bekaa municipalities (Bar Elias, Majd El-Anjar, Taalbaya, Saadnayel,\nTerbol and Zahle). Local peacebuilding bodies have been created in several municipalities in West Bekaa, supported by\n\nmunicipality staff and provide information to refugees.\n\n#### **MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n~~Barr Elias~~\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||||||~~ pp~~|~~ or~~|~~ the~~|~~ w~~|~~ w~~|\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n|||||||||||~~**hle**~~|||||\n||||||||||||||||\n|||||||
|~~Qabb Elias~~|||~~Z~~|~~hl\u00e9~~||~~Ra~~|~~Ra~~|\n|||||||
~~ as~~||||~~!(~~
|||~~!(~~|~~!(~~|\n||||||||||||||||\n|||||||~~ se~~
||!(
~~Chtaura~~|||||||\n|||||||~~ st~~||||~~!(~~
~~Bar E~~|~~lias~~||||\n|||||||~~ d~~||||||~~Kfarzabad~~|||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||~~!(~~
~~Aa~~|~~njar~~|||\n||||||||~~!(~~
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~~ dastres)~~|\n|~~ Most Vulnerable~~|||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n|~~ Most Vulnerable~~|||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n|r cities|||||~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|~~So~~|\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n||||||||||||||||\n\n\n#### **HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n\nZahle\n\n\nWest Bekaa\n\n\nRachaya\n\n\nKey contacts\n\n\n|13 10 19 4 9 6 4 9 11 810 5|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|9|7|11|5|6|4|4|2|7
5
4|\n|4|4|7|2|3|2|1|2|2
1
1|\n\n\n\n**UNHCR** Maeve Murphy, murphym@unhcr.org **UNDP** George Akl, george.akl@undp.org\n**Ministery of Social Affairs (MoSA)** Hussein Salemm, hussein.salemm@hotmail.com\n\n\n**Bekaa Governor** Mr. Antoine Sleiman\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**53 UN Agencies and NGOs operating in Bekaa**\n\n\nABAAD, ACF, AJEM Lebanon, AMEL, Arab Puppet Theatre, AVSI, Beyond, CARE,\nCLMC Lebanon, DRC, EPL, FAO, HabitatForHumanity, HI, Himaya, Humedica,\nHWA, IA, IMC, Intersos, IOCC Lebanon, IOM, IQRAA, IR Lebanon, IRC, IRW, ISAD,\nKAFA, Lebanese Red Cross, MAP-UK, MDM, MEDAIR, Medical Teams\nInternational, Mercy Corps, MoSA, MS Lebanon, MSL Lebanon, NRC, OXFAM, RI,\nSCI, SFCG, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, URDA, Welfare Association,\nWHO, WVI\n\n\n\n**Disclaimer:** The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n**Data Source:** Lebanese Population - Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) year 2002 dataset, Poverty data: CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and Household Budget Survey 2004-5,\nSyrian Refugee Population - UNHCR as of 30/06/2015, Humanitarian Intervention Data - Activity Info as of 30/06/2015, Palestinian Refugee Population- UNRWA, Lebanese Returnees data IOM as of 30/06/2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4a30221-b7b3-3f14-9ee0-6447917679b8/07062015__BekaaGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_70/raw/doc_70_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_70/raw/doc_70_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 281cff614afa47e5e3b979a9d08b6aa7ac2d2ae1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_70/raw/doc_70_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_**Ecuador**_\n\n#UnMundoPosible\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n\n\n\n_Un Mundo Posible: Solidaridad con los refugiados_\n\nEcuador ha sido, durante d\u00e9cadas, un pa\u00eds solidario con\nquienes se han visto obligados a dejar todo atr\u00e1s para\nsalvar sus vidas. Este pa\u00eds ha abierto sus puertas a personas\nrefugiadas, solicitantes de asilo y migrantes en condiciones\nde vulnerabilidad, brind\u00e1ndoles protecci\u00f3n, estabilidad y\noportunidades para reconstruir sus vidas. Hoy, sin embargo,\nesta generosidad se enfrenta a desaf\u00edos cada vez m\u00e1s\ngrandes.\n\nDurante 2024 y lo que va de 2025, en ACNUR, la Agencia\nde la ONU para los Refugiados, hemos visto un aumento\npreocupante en las necesidades humanitarias en el pa\u00eds.\nLa violencia persistente en Colombia sigue obligando a\nmiles a buscar asilo en Ecuador, mientras que las personas\nvenezolanas contin\u00faan llegando en condiciones de alta\nvulnerabilidad, muchas veces sin acceso a documentaci\u00f3n\nregular. Adem\u00e1s, personas de otros continentes transitan,\na menudo en condiciones de riesgo altas. Y, complicando\na\u00fan m\u00e1s la ecuaci\u00f3n, ahora tambi\u00e9n vemos a ecuatorianos y\necuatorianas huyendo de sus comunidades por la violencia,\nla inseguridad y el crimen organizado \u2013 una tripleta que tiene\nun impacto doble en quienes ya se han desplazado por la\nfuerza.\n\nEste informe muestra una realidad que nos duele y nos\nexige: Ecuador atraviesa un momento cr\u00edtico. Las tasas\nde homicidio y extorsi\u00f3n se han disparado, afectando\ndesproporcionadamente a quienes ya se encuentran en\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, como las personas refugiadas,\ndesplazadas, mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y comunidades ind\u00edgenas\ny afrodescendientes. A esto se suman los efectos cada\nvez m\u00e1s graves de los desastres naturales y eventos\nmeteorol\u00f3gicos extremos, con sequ\u00edas, inundaciones y\nsismos, entre otros, que agravan a\u00fan m\u00e1s la situaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\nA pesar de todo esto, Ecuador sigue dando ejemplo al\nmundo, con pol\u00edticas de protecci\u00f3n y acogida que merecen\nser reconocidas, apoyadas y fortalecidas. Desde ACNUR,\nvaloramos profundamente el compromiso del pa\u00eds con\nel derecho a la protecci\u00f3n internacional y la b\u00fasqueda de\nsoluciones duraderas para quienes han sido forzados a huir.\nPero Ecuador no puede hacerlo solo.\n\nLa realidad es que los recursos para responder a estas\ncrecientes necesidades han disminuido de forma\npreocupante. Desde 2025, los recortes en la financiaci\u00f3n\nhumanitaria han obligado a ACNUR a reducir personal,\npresencia y programas esenciales. Esto pone en riesgo no\nsolo la protecci\u00f3n de miles de personas, sino tambi\u00e9n la\nestabilidad de comunidades a nivel nacional y regional.\n\nHoy, m\u00e1s que nunca, necesitamos unir fuerzas. Desde\nACNUR, hacemos un llamado a la comunidad internacional,\na los donantes, a los gobiernos, sector privado, actores de\ndesarrollo y a la sociedad civil para que no den la espalda\na las personas refugiadas. Seguir apoyando su inclusi\u00f3n,\nprotecci\u00f3n y bienestar es una inversi\u00f3n en paz, en justicia y\nen el futuro de todas y todos.\n\nComo ACNUR, seguiremos trabajando, como siempre\nlo hemos hecho, del lado de las personas refugiadas y\ndesplazadas, y sus comunidades de acogida en Ecuador. Su\ndignidad, su resiliencia y sus sue\u00f1os nos inspiran cada d\u00eda.\nPero necesitamos el apoyo de todos y todas para que nadie\nse quede atr\u00e1s.\n\n\n_**Federico Agusti**_\n\n_**Representante**_\n_**ACNUR Ecuador**_\n\n\n\n**2** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n## Tendencias en breve*\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n###### Un vistazo a la situaci\u00f3n\n\n\n###### de las personas\n\n\n###### desplazadas en\n\n\n###### Ecuador\n\n\n#### **45,291**\n\n\n\nESTUDIANTES VENEZOLANOS Y OTROS 8,569\nCOLOMBIANOS MATRICULADOS EN EL SISTEMA\n\n\n\nDE EDUCACI\u00d3N FORMAL (EDUCACI\u00d3N INICIAL,\n\n\n\nGENERAL B\u00c1SICA Y BACHILLERATO).\n\n\n\n_Fuente: MINEDUC_\n**10.9 a\u00f1os**\nDE ESCOLARIDAD ENTRE LA POBLACI\u00d3N\nCOLOMBIA, FRENTE A 13.7 A\u00d1OS ENTRE LA\n\n\n\nPOBLACI\u00d3N VENEZOLANA\n\n\n\n_Fuente: CPV2022_\n\n\n#### **14%**\n\n\n\nDE POBLACI\u00d3N COLOMBIANA Y 25% DE POBLACI\u00d3N\nVENEZOLANA CUENTAN CON UN T\u00cdTULO DE EDUCACI\u00d3N\n\n\n\nSUPERIOR, T\u00c9CNICA O TECNOL\u00d3GICA.\n\n\n\n_Fuente: CPV 2022_\n#### **38%**\n\n\n\nDE PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS SALIERON DE SU PA\u00cdS DE ORIGEN PORQUE ALG\u00daN MIEMBRO\n\n\n\nDE SU HOGAR FUE V\u00cdCTIMA DIRECTA DE VIOLENCIA.\nUn 23% dijo que salieron para buscar una mejor situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, y otro 20% por falta de\n\n\n\nacceso a derechos y servicios b\u00e1sicos.\n_(Fuente: Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n de ACNUR, 2025)_\n\n\n#### **41%**\n\n\n\nDE PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS (O ALG\u00daN MIEMBRO DE SU FAMILIA) VIVIENDO EN EL PA\u00cdS\n\n\n\nESTAR\u00cdAN COMPLETAMENTE EN RIESGO DE PERDER SU VIDA EN CASO DE TENER QUE\n\n\n\nREGRESAR A SU PA\u00cdS DE ORIGEN.\nEste temor se fundamenta, principalmente, por amenazas directas, la inseguridad en su\nciudad de origen, riesgo de persecuci\u00f3n directa o de reclutamiento por grupos armados.\n\n\n\n_(Fuente: Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n de ACNUR, 2025)_\n\n\n\n**4** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\nPrincipales necesidades de la poblaci\u00f3n\nforzada a huir en Ecuador\n\n\nEstado socioecon\u00f3mico de la poblaci\u00f3n\n\nLa poblaci\u00f3n desplazada por la fuerza en Ecuador, conformada principalmente por personas colombianas y venezolanas,\nenfrenta barreras estructurales significativas que dificultan su integraci\u00f3n y el acceso pleno a derechos \u2013 a pesar de tener\nderecho al acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos establecido en la Constituci\u00f3n. En materia de salud, seg\u00fan el Censo de Poblaci\u00f3n del\n2022 (CPV 2022), el 7% de la poblaci\u00f3n colombiana en Ecuador presenta una dificultad funcional permanente, cifra similar\na la de la poblaci\u00f3n ecuatoriana, mientras que solo el 3% de la poblaci\u00f3n venezolana reporta esta condici\u00f3n. Esto indica\nla necesidad de reforzar los servicios de salud, particularmente los dirigidos a personas con discapacidad. En el \u00e1mbito\neducativo, las personas colombianas tienen un promedio de 10.9 a\u00f1os de escolaridad, frente a los 11.3 a\u00f1os en las personas\necuatorianas y los 13.7 a\u00f1os en las personas venezolanas, lo que resalta la urgencia de fortalecer programas de acceso a la\neducaci\u00f3n, incluyendo nivelaci\u00f3n, reconocimiento de t\u00edtulos y formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica acorde con el mercado laboral.\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de inserci\u00f3n laboral y protecci\u00f3n social, la edad promedio de la poblaci\u00f3n colombiana econ\u00f3micamente activa\nes de 41.2 a\u00f1os, mientras que la venezolana es de 33.8 a\u00f1os, seg\u00fan el CPV 2022. Sin embargo, la afiliaci\u00f3n a la seguridad\nsocial es baja para ambos grupos: solo el 26% de las personas colombianas y el 15% de las venezolanas est\u00e1n afiliadas, lo\nque refleja altos niveles de informalidad y desprotecci\u00f3n frente a riesgos sociales ligados al mercado de trabajo. En cuanto\na vivienda, el hacinamiento afecta al 6.3% de los hogares de familias colombianas y al 13.9% de las venezolanas, lo que\nindica una mayor precariedad habitacional para estos \u00faltimos, posiblemente ligada a bajos ingresos y la discriminaci\u00f3n en\nel alquiler.\n\nCon respecto al nivel de pobreza, casi el 31% de las personas colombianas y el 32% de las venezolanas viven en condiciones\nde pobreza por necesidades b\u00e1sicas insatisfechas (NBI), frente al 40.1% de la poblaci\u00f3n ecuatoriana, seg\u00fan el CPV 2022. No\nobstante, persisten brechas significativas en el acceso a agua potable, saneamiento, educaci\u00f3n y salud.\n\nFinalmente, el contexto de violencia generalizada en Ecuador afecta profundamente a la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada y sus\ncomunidades de acogida. En 2024 se registraron m\u00e1s de 7 mil homicidios intencionales en el pa\u00eds, una cifra elevada a pesar\nde representar una reducci\u00f3n en comparaci\u00f3n con 2023. La mayor\u00eda de las v\u00edctimas fueron hombres j\u00f3venes entre 18 y 34\na\u00f1os, y la provincia de Guayas fue la m\u00e1s afectada, seg\u00fan cifras del Ministerio del Interior. Este hecho agrava la convivencia\nde la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada y sus pares ecuatorianos, ya que Guayas es la segunda provincia que acoge en mayor n\u00famero\na refugiados y migrantes.\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\nNecesidades espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n\n\nDurante 2024, ACNUR y sus socios registraron 97.550 Necesidades Espec\u00edficas de Protecci\u00f3n (NEPs), 38.953 personas\npresentaron al menos una necesidad espec\u00edfica. Esto indica que casi 40.000 personas enfrentaron m\u00faltiples factores de\nvulnerabilidad simult\u00e1neamente. Entre las principales necesidades reportadas por las personas al momento del registro\nfueron: necesidades b\u00e1sicas no cubiertas (35%), falta de documentaci\u00f3n regular (20%), y ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en riesgo de no asistir\na la escuela (9%). Estas cifras han tenido un aumento significativo en comparaci\u00f3n con 2023, especialmente en la categor\u00eda\nde necesidades b\u00e1sicas, que pas\u00f3 de un 28% a un 35%, alertando un deterioro en las condiciones de vida y acceso a\nservicios esenciales entre personas desplazadas por la fuerza.\n\nEn los primeros cuatro meses de 2025, las tendencias observadas en 2024 se mantienen, con 5.323 personas registradas con\nnecesidades b\u00e1sicas no cubiertas y 3.273 con falta de documentaci\u00f3n, lo que representa una continuidad en los patrones de\nvulnerabilidad entre la comunidad desplazada. Aunque a\u00fan no se dispone del total anual para 2025, el ritmo de crecimiento\nde NEPs sugiere que 2025 podr\u00eda igualar o incluso superar las cifras del 2024. Adem\u00e1s, categor\u00edas como acceso limitado\na servicios (1.204 personas) y condiciones m\u00e9dicas graves (985) siguen siendo relevantes, lo que evidencia la persistencia\nde barreras estructurales en el acceso a la salud, educaci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n social en el Ecuador \u2013 a pesar de que todas las\npersonas tienen acceso constitucional a estos servicios independientemente de su nacionalidad o estatus.\n\nEl aumento sostenido de NEPs entre 2024 y 2025, especialmente en necesidades b\u00e1sicas y documentaci\u00f3n, subraya la\nimportancia cr\u00edtica de fortalecer las respuestas multisectoriales de los sistemas nacionales, con un enfoque centrado en la\nprotecci\u00f3n, la inclusi\u00f3n y el empoderamiento de las comunidades desplazadas por la fuerza y de acogida.\n\nPor otro lado, la integraci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica de personas refugiadas y migrantes con intenci\u00f3n de permanecer a largo\nplazo en Ecuador se ha visto gravemente afectada por el deterioro del contexto nacional. Seg\u00fan la Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de\n[Necesidades (JNA, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) del Grupo de Trabajo para Refugiados y Migrantes (GTRM) de 2024, el 70.6% de](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-2024)\nlos miembros de los hogares encuestados con vocaci\u00f3n de permanencia estaban en edad laboral, de los cuales el 86.8%\neran econ\u00f3micamente activos. Sin embargo, el mercado laboral revela profundas vulnerabilidades: solo el 6.5% contaba\ncon empleo formal, mientras que casi el 93% trabajaba en la informalidad, cifra que ascend\u00eda al 99% entre quienes ten\u00edan\nun estatus irregular en el pa\u00eds. Esta situaci\u00f3n se agrav\u00f3 con los apagones masivos de 2024, que afectaron especialmente a\npeque\u00f1os emprendedores sin recursos para enfrentar las interrupciones. La tasa de desempleo entre personas venezolanas\nfue del 14.4%, muy por encima del promedio nacional del 3.5%, y las mujeres enfrentaron una tasa tres veces mayor que los\nhombres (22.1% frente a 7.5%). En este sentido, se reconoce como un patr\u00f3n com\u00fan el enfrentar subempleo o un empleo\ninformal en un contexto como este.\n\nCasi el 60% de las personas trabajadoras estaban subempleadas, recibiendo ingresos por debajo del salario m\u00ednimo de\nUS$460, a pesar de cumplir jornadas completas. La JNA tambi\u00e9n revel\u00f3 que la mitad de los hogares con intenci\u00f3n de\npermanecer en Ecuador ten\u00eda un ingreso per c\u00e1pita de US$175 o menos, con un promedio general de US$210.80. La inclusi\u00f3n\nfinanciera tambi\u00e9n es limitada: el 61.4% de los hogares no ten\u00eda acceso a servicios financieros, y solo el 35.6% report\u00f3\ntener al menos un miembro con una cuenta bancaria de ahorros. El acceso al cr\u00e9dito y a productos bancarios formales fue\nextremadamente bajo, lo que refleja una exclusi\u00f3n generalizada del sistema econ\u00f3mico formal.\n\n\n**6** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nEl constante incremento de la violencia en el pa\u00eds aumenta a\u00fan m\u00e1s las necesidades de las personas desplazadas por\nla fuerza y sus comunidades de acogida, impactando no solamente su salud mental, sino tambi\u00e9n su acceso a derechos\nb\u00e1sicos como la educaci\u00f3n, medios de vida, salud, entre otras. Ecuador cerr\u00f3 el a\u00f1o 2024 con una tasa de homicidios de\n38.76 por cada 100,000 habitantes, la segunda m\u00e1s alta registrada en su historia. Aunque esto represent\u00f3 una mejora del\n16% en comparaci\u00f3n con 2023, el pa\u00eds continu\u00f3 ubic\u00e1ndose entre los m\u00e1s violentos del mundo, a tal punto que los primeros\nmeses de 2025 repuntaron como los m\u00e1s violentos en la historia reciente. En promedio, una persona fue asesinada cada 75\nminutos durante 2024. La violencia incluy\u00f3 eventos de alto perfil como el asesinato de figuras pol\u00edticas, ataques armados\na medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, coches bomba, extorsiones y otros incidentes a nivel nacional. Seg\u00fan el registro de ACNUR,\nentre febrero 2024 y abril 2025 se registraron 2,043 hechos de violencia, m\u00e1s de la mitad relacionados a violencia contra\nmujeres y ni\u00f1as. En este periodo, se registraron 194 desplazamientos internos de personas refugiadas y migrantes a ra\u00edz de\nla violencia, afectando en total a 563 personas.\n\nLa combinaci\u00f3n de ingresos insuficientes, empleo generalmente informal, la falta de acceso a servicios financieros,\ncondiciones de vida precarias y aumento sostenido de la violencia contribuye a un mayor crecimiento de necesidades\nespec\u00edficas y, por ende, genera una exposici\u00f3n cr\u00edtica a riesgos de protecci\u00f3n, reflejando no solo condiciones individuales,\nsino tambi\u00e9n el deterioro del entorno comunitario de manera generalizada en el pa\u00eds. Por ello, ACNUR ha intensificado su\nlabor de incidencia con autoridades nacionales, locales, sector privado, la comunidad internacional, sociedad civil, actores\ndel desarrollo e instituciones financieras internacionales para promover pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas inclusivas y fortalecer los servicios\ny pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de manera integral en beneficio de toda la poblaci\u00f3n, tanto refugiada como de acogida.\n#### **97.550**\n\nNecesidades Espec\u00edficas de Protecci\u00f3n (NEPs) registradas en 2024\n\n_TOP 5 en 2024_\n\n\n#### 35% NO PUDO 20% NO TEN\u00cdA ES UN NI\u00d1O O 8% 9% MUJER EN V\u00cdCTIMA O 7%\n\n\n\nV\u00cdCTIMA O\nSOBREVIVIENTE\n\n\n\nDE VIOLENCIA\n\n\n\nMUJER EN\nLACTANCIA\n\n\n\nES UN NI\u00d1O O\nNI\u00d1A EN RIESGO\nDE ABANDONAR\n\n\n\nNO PUDO\nSATISFACER SUS\n\n\n\nNO TEN\u00cdA\nDOCUMENTACI\u00d3N\n\n\n\nLA ESCUELA\n_igual que en 2023_\n\n\n\nNECESIDADES\n\n\n\nB\u00c1SICAS\n_25% m\u00e1s que en 2023_\n\n\n\nREGULAR\n_13% menos que en_\n\n\n\n_2023_\n\n\n\n**Cambios en necesidades espec\u00edficas | Enero - abril 2023, 2024, 2025**\n\n\nN\u00famero de personas\n\n\n12000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n8000\n\n\n\n6000\n\n\n4000\n\n\n2000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nEnero - abril 2023 Enero - abril 2024\n\n\n\nEnero - abril 2025\n\n\n\nFuente: Registro de necesidades espec\u00edficas de protecci\u00f3n, ProGres\n\u00a9 ACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n### Tendencias de desplazamiento en Ecuador\n\n\n\n**Porcentajes de registros de ACNUR y socios por nacionalidad, por a\u00f1o | 2017 - 2025***\n\n\n\nDurante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, Ecuador ha sido un pa\u00eds\nreceptor clave de personas forzadas a huir en la\nregi\u00f3n, especialmente como consecuencia de\ncrisis humanitarias y conflictos en pa\u00edses vecinos.\nLas cifras de registros realizados por ACNUR y sus\nsocios entre 2017 y 2025 muestran la evoluci\u00f3n\nde la composici\u00f3n por nacionalidad de las\npersonas que buscan protecci\u00f3n internacional o\nasistencia humanitaria en el pa\u00eds, en particular de\npersonas provenientes de Venezuela y Colombia,\ncon cambios significativos en la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada.\n\n\nEntre 2017 y 2019 se observa un crecimiento\nabrupto en los registros de personas de\nnacionalidad venezolana, alcanzando su punto\nm\u00e1ximo en 2019 con un 90% de los registros.\nEste aumento coincide con el periodo m\u00e1s\ncr\u00edtico de la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria en Venezuela,\nque provoc\u00f3 un desplazamiento masivo hacia\npa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. A partir de\n2020, aunque Venezuela sigue representando la\nmayor\u00eda de los registros en Ecuador, su proporci\u00f3n\nempieza a descender de forma sostenida incluso\ndurante el periodo de reporte.\n\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025*\n\n\nFuente: Registros ACNUR, ProGres. Cifras hasta finales de abril 2025.\n\u00a9 ACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados\n\n\n\n**90%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuela\n\n\nColombia\n\n\n\nOtras\nnacionalidades\n\n\n\nEn contraste, los registros de personas de nacionalidad colombiana muestran una tendencia inversa: luego de representar\nla mayor\u00eda de registros en 2017 (73%), su proporci\u00f3n disminuye dr\u00e1sticamente entre 2018 y 2019. Pero, a partir de 2021\nel crecimiento vuelve a retomar, alcanzando el 31% en 2025. Esta tendencia est\u00e1 relacionada con el recrudecimiento de\nla violencia en Colombia, que ha provocado desplazamientos internos, confinamientos y desplazamientos trasfronterizos\nhacia Ecuador. Por su parte, Ecuador sigue siendo un pa\u00eds de recepci\u00f3n y tr\u00e1nsito de personas de otras nacionalidades,\nparticularmente de personas de pa\u00edses africanos y de Hait\u00ed. Los registros de las otras nacionalidades se han mantenido\nrelativamente estables, con un leve aumento en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, lo que indica una creciente diversidad en los perfiles\nde las personas atendidas por ACNUR y sus socios con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n. Esta evoluci\u00f3n reafirma el papel de\nEcuador no solo como un pa\u00eds hist\u00f3ricamente de acogida, sino tambi\u00e9n como un punto estrat\u00e9gico de tr\u00e1nsito y protecci\u00f3n\npara personas forzadas a huir, consolidando su importancia en la respuesta humanitaria regional \u2013 a pesar de los m\u00faltiples\ndesaf\u00edos internos que enfrenta.\n\n\n**8** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nDemograf\u00eda y distribuci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y otra desplazada en\nEcuador\n\n\nExiste una distribuci\u00f3n diferenciada entre la poblaci\u00f3n colombiana y venezolana en Ecuador en 2025. La poblaci\u00f3n\ncolombiana, como en a\u00f1os anteriores, contin\u00faa concentr\u00e1ndose en zonas cercanas a la frontera norte, especialmente\nen provincias como Sucumb\u00edos, lo cual responde a v\u00ednculos hist\u00f3ricos, culturales y familiares con su pa\u00eds de origen. Sin\nembargo, es notable una reducci\u00f3n en dicha provincia, probablemente motivada por el aumento de violencia e inseguridad\nen la zona. En contraste, hay un crecimiento de poblaci\u00f3n colombiana en lzonas costeras y el centro del pa\u00eds, lo cual sugiere\nuna b\u00fasqueda de seguridad y de mayores oportunidades econ\u00f3micas, posiblemente impulsada por redes comunitarias ya\nestablecidas y condiciones m\u00e1s favorables para su integraci\u00f3n.\n\n\nPor otro lado, la poblaci\u00f3n venezolana presenta un patr\u00f3n de asentamiento m\u00e1s diversificado, alej\u00e1ndose de ambas fronteras\ny concentr\u00e1ndose cada vez m\u00e1s en provincias del interior de la sierra centro. Esto podr\u00eda explicarse por la b\u00fasqueda de\nmejores condiciones de vida y acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos en medio de una creciente violencia y precariedad. El gr\u00e1fico\nindica una disminuci\u00f3n en las fronteras norte y sur, lo que podr\u00eda reflejar un cambio en las rutas o una menor atracci\u00f3n hacia\nestas zonas debido a la creciente inseguridad y a la precariedad econ\u00f3mica. En conjunto, las din\u00e1micas de movilidad y\nasentamiento de ambas poblaciones revelan no solo motivaciones geogr\u00e1ficas, sino tambi\u00e9n factores de seguridad, acceso\na oportunidades y redes de apoyo comunitario.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Mapa lugares de acogida de personas refugiadas de Colombia.** **Mapa lugares de acogida de personas refugiadas y migrantes**\n\n**Fuente: Registros hechos por ACNUR y socios (ProGres 2025)** **de Venezuela. Fuente: MINEDUC 2025**\n\n\n\n**Fuente: Registros hechos por ACNUR y socios (ProGres 2025)**\n\n\n\n**Mapa lugares de acogida de personas refugiadas y migrantes**\n\n\n\nLos datos demogr\u00e1ficos de personas refugiadas y otras desplazadas registrados por ACNUR en Ecuador hasta abril de\n2025 muestran una poblaci\u00f3n compuesta en su mayor\u00eda por mujeres y personas adultas. En t\u00e9rminos de sexo, el total de\nmujeres desplazadas por la fuerza registradas asciende a 337,472, mientras que el de hombres es de 273,316. Esto significa\nque las mujeres representan aproximadamente el 55.3% del total, frente a un 44.7% que corresponde a los hombres. Esta\ndiferencia indica una feminizaci\u00f3n del desplazamiento forzado que llega al pa\u00eds, posiblemente relacionada con factores\ncomo la b\u00fasqueda de protecci\u00f3n frente a la violencia contra las mujeres, el desplazamiento forzado de madres con sus hijas\ne hijos, o las responsabilidades asumidas en contextos de emergencia.\n\n\nAl analizar la distribuci\u00f3n por edad entre las personas registradas, 226,957 personas tienen menos de 18 a\u00f1os, mientras\nque 383,831 son mayores de edad. Esto indica que casi el 63% de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada registrada por ACNUR es adulta,\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nmientras que el 37% son personas menores de edad. La diferencia puede basarse en que las personas adultas pueden\nser quienes inician los procesos de desplazamiento, sea para proteger a sus familias, buscar oportunidades econ\u00f3micas\n\n- escapar de situaciones de peligro inmediato. Es posible que muchas de estas personas adultas viajen con ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as,\naunque en algunos casos tambi\u00e9n pueden desplazarse solas con la intenci\u00f3n de reunificarse con sus familias posteriormente.\n\n\nHaciendo una comparaci\u00f3n entre sexo y edad, se observa que entre las personas menores de edad hay una ligera mayor\u00eda\nde hombres sobre mujeres, es decir 115,494 frente a 111,463, respectivamente. Sin embargo, en el grupo de personas adultas\nla diferencia se invierte de forma m\u00e1s pronunciada, con 226,009 mujeres frente a 157,822 hombres. Esto significa que\nen el grupo adulto las mujeres representan casi el 59% del total registrado. Esta caracter\u00edstica demogr\u00e1fica podr\u00eda estar\ninfluenciada por el perfil de los desplazamientos y por el hecho de que muchas mujeres adultas suelen ser jefas de hogar en\ncontextos de violencia y desplazamiento.\n\n\nEn conjunto, estos datos reflejan una poblaci\u00f3n desplazada que requiere atenci\u00f3n diferenciada seg\u00fan sexo y edad. La\nmayor\u00eda representada por mujeres adultas resalta la importancia de dise\u00f1ar respuestas humanitarias sensibles al g\u00e9nero,\nque atienda los riesgos y necesidades particulares de las mujeres desplazadas. Al mismo tiempo, la presencia significativa de\npersonas menores de edad \u2014casi cuatro de cada diez personas registradas\u2014 pone en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer\nprogramas de protecci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, acceso a la educaci\u00f3n y apoyo psicosocial.\n\n\n**Personas registradas por ACNUR y socios por sexo y edad | Abril 2025**\n\nEdad\n\n\n\n0 - 4\n\n\n5 - 11\n\n\n12 - 17\n\n\n18 - 59\n\n\n60+\n\n\n\n25%\n\n\nFuente: ACNUR, ProGres, abril 2025\n\u00a9 ACNUR, la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n35%\n\n\n\nENTRE LOS 18 Y 59 A\u00d1OS\n_Dos puntos porcentuales m\u00e1s_\n_que el a\u00f1o anterior_\n\n\n\n**10** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\nEl desplazamiento colombiano hacia Ecuador\n\n\n\n**Registros de solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado por personas colombiana | 2017 - 2025***\n\n\n6.875*\n\n\n\nEn los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, el desplazamiento de personas\ncolombianas hacia Ecuador ha mostrado una tendencia\ncreciente, especialmente desde 2021. Tras una ca\u00edda\nsignificativa en 2020 (1,752 registros), en parte debido\na las restricciones de movilidad por la pandemia, los\nregistros se han incrementado de forma sostenida:\n3,604 en 2021, 4,301 en 2022, y 5,296 en 2023. Este\naumento refleja el recrudecimiento de la violencia y\nel conflicto armado interno en Colombia, el avance\nde grupos armados no estatales y el deterioro de las\ncondiciones de seguridad en zonas rurales, lo que ha\ngenerado desplazamientos forzados y confinamientos\nprolongados \u2013 particularmente en departamentos que\ncomparten frontera con Ecuador.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEn 2024, los registros de personas colombianas que\n\nFuente: Gobierno de Ecuador, Departamento de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional hasta abril de 2025 cruzaron a Ecuador alcanzaron los 6,875, la cifra m\u00e1s\n\nalta desde 2014. Este repunte coincide con reportes de ACNUR en Colombia sobre el incremento de desplazamientos\nmasivos e individuales desde departamentos fronterizos como Nari\u00f1o y Putumayo, donde l\u00edderes y lideresas comunitarias,\ny comunidades enteras han sido afectadas por enfrentamientos, amenazas y restricciones a la movilidad. Cientos de\nestas personas cruzan cada mes hacia Ecuador en busca de protecci\u00f3n internacional, especialmente en provincias como\nSucumb\u00edos, Esmeraldas y Carchi, donde se han intensificado las respuestas humanitarias.\n\nDurante los primeros cuatro meses de 2025, ya se han registrado 1,674 personas colombianas solicitantes de asilo en\nEcuador, seg\u00fan cifras del gobierno, lo que sugiere que la tendencia creciente podr\u00eda mantenerse o incluso aumentar si\npersisten las condiciones de violencia en Colombia. Este flujo constante representa un desaf\u00edo para las comunidades de\nacogida en Ecuador, que a su vez enfrentan altos niveles de pobreza, inseguridad y presi\u00f3n sobre servicios p\u00fablicos. En este\ncontexto, el fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n internacional, asistencia inmediata y la coordinaci\u00f3n binacional\nson esenciales para garantizar una respuesta efectiva y sostenible.\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **11**\n\n\n\nFuente: Gobierno de Ecuador, Departamento de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional hasta abril de 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\nEl desplazamiento\nvenezolano hacia Ecuador\n\n\n**Entradas y salidas irregulares de personas venezolanas | Enero 2024 - abril 2025**\n\nPersonas\n\n\n\n\n\n30000\n\n\n25000\n\n\n20000\n\n\n15000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n5000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n~~28.389~~\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|~~26.~~|~~982~~

~~22.702~~
20.7
21.616|~~982~~

~~22.702~~
20.7
21.616|~~982~~

~~22.702~~
20.7
21.616|~~982~~

~~22.702~~
20.7
21.616|\n||15.409
16.590
17.|15.409
16.590
17.|~~22.~~
291|~~55~~
17.7|\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\nEnero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre Enero Febrero Marzo Abril\n\n~~**2024**~~ ~~**2025**~~\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEntradas\n\nSalidas\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFuente: Sistema de Monitoreo de Fronteras\nGrupo de Trabajo para Refugiados y Migrantes (GTRM)\n\n\nEn 2024, seg\u00fan el [Grupo de Trabajo para Refugiados y Migrantes (GTRM),](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gtrm-ecuador-analisis-del-sistema-de-monitoreo-de-fronteras-y-caracterizacion-de-flujos-2) el desplazamiento de personas venezolanas\nhacia y a trav\u00e9s de Ecuador present\u00f3 una reducci\u00f3n en comparaci\u00f3n con a\u00f1os anteriores, tanto en ingresos como en salidas\nirregulares. Durante ese a\u00f1o, se registraron 265.742 ingresos y 258.205 salidas irregulares, reflejando un saldo positivo de\nunas 7.500 personas. Esta cifra es significativamente menor al ingreso neto de m\u00e1s de 17.000 personas observado en 2023,\nlo que sugiere una disminuci\u00f3n sostenida en la atracci\u00f3n de Ecuador como pa\u00eds de destino para personas venezolanas. A\npesar de ello, Ecuador mantiene su rol como lugar de tr\u00e1nsito clave en la regi\u00f3n, con un flujo total que super\u00f3 el medio mill\u00f3n\nde movimientos irregulares venezolanos en un solo a\u00f1o.\n\nLas rutas y patrones de movilidad mostraron variaciones entre 2024 y 2025: mientras que en 2024 la mayor\u00eda de los ingresos\nse dieron por la frontera sur con Per\u00fa (55,4%), en 2025 se mantiene una tendencia sostenida de tr\u00e1nsito y salida hacia\nColombia por el norte. Esta din\u00e1mica refleja c\u00f3mo Ecuador se ha convertido crecientemente en un pa\u00eds de paso m\u00e1s que de\ndestino permanente. Aunque algunos mencionan retornar a Venezuela o se reubican en otros pa\u00edses como Per\u00fa, Colombia\n\n- Chile, las decisiones de movilidad est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s ligadas a factores econ\u00f3micos, pol\u00edticos y de seguridad tanto en el\npa\u00eds de origen como en Ecuador.\n\n\n**12** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nEn cuanto a la regularizaci\u00f3n migratoria, 2024 cerr\u00f3 con avances notables: m\u00e1s de 95.000 visas VIRTE fueron emitidas\ny m\u00e1s de 200.000 personas obtuvieron certificados de residencia temporal. Sin embargo, las encuestas realizadas en\nconjunto por las organizaciones socias del GTRM mostraron que alrededor del 70% de las personas venezolanas con\nvocaci\u00f3n de permanencia en Ecuador segu\u00eda en situaci\u00f3n irregular, debido a barreras estructurales como los costos, la falta\nde informaci\u00f3n o dificultades t\u00e9cnicas. Aunque en el segundo semestre de 2024 se hab\u00eda anunciado un nuevo proceso de\nregularizaci\u00f3n para quienes no lograron completar el proceso y obtener la visa VIRTE, en marzo de 2025 el gobierno finaliz\u00f3\nde manera anticipada dicha iniciativa. Esta decisi\u00f3n cerr\u00f3 de forma abrupta las ya limitadas oportunidades para que las\npersonas venezolanas regularicen su situaci\u00f3n, especialmente con barreras para el ingreso regular, incluyendo la necesidad\nde aplicar a una visa ni opciones de acceder a documentaci\u00f3n desde el exterior. Esto deja a miles de personas atrapadas en\nla irregularidad, con impactos directos sobre su acceso a derechos, estabilidad y protecci\u00f3n.\n\nA inicios de 2025, los flujos de personas venezolanas se mantuvieron estables, pero bajo condiciones cada vez m\u00e1s\ncomplejas. El aumento de la violencia interna, las dificultades econ\u00f3micas y las consecuencias de los desastres naturales\ny otros incidentes meteorol\u00f3gicos han afectado tanto a personas ecuatorianas como a aquellas en movilidad. Para las\npersonas venezolanas, esto significa enfrentar mayores riesgos durante el tr\u00e1nsito y en su estad\u00eda, especialmente quienes\na\u00fan no logran acceder a un estatus regular.\n\nPercepci\u00f3n de inseguridad y\ndesplazamientos internos\n\n\nEntre 2022 y 2025, Ecuador ha experimentado un deterioro acelerado en su seguridad p\u00fablica, marcado por un aumento\nexponencial y sin precedentes en homicidios, extorsiones, enfrentamientos armados y control territorial por parte de grupos\ncriminales. Seg\u00fan cifras del Ministerio del Interior, los homicidios intencionales aumentaron en un 45,7% entre 2021 y 2022,\ny para 2023 se alcanzaron 47 homicidios por cada 100.000 habitantes, posicionando al pa\u00eds entre los m\u00e1s violentos de\nAm\u00e9rica Latina y el mundo. Aunque se vio una ligera mejor\u00eda en 2024, esta tendencia se agrav\u00f3 a\u00fan m\u00e1s en el primer\ntrimestre de 2025, cuando se superaron los niveles de violencia de los dos a\u00f1os anteriores.\n\n[El informe de desplazamiento interno elaborado por 3iSolution entre enero y octubre de 2024 revel\u00f3 por primera vez la](https://latam.3is.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12122024_Desplazamiento-2.pdf)\nmagnitud del fen\u00f3meno dentro del pa\u00eds: m\u00e1s de 248.000 personas mayores de 15 a\u00f1os con acceso a internet cambiaron\nde residencia, de las cuales unas 80.747 lo hicieron por razones relacionadas directamente con la violencia y la criminalidad\nen el pa\u00eds. Esto equivale a una tasa de 449 desplazados por cada 100.000 habitantes. De acuerdo a un estudio sobre\ndesplazamiento interno realizado junto a la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo (consulte a ACNUR para mayor informaci\u00f3n), se estima\nque entre 2022 y 2024, alrededor de 150.000 familias ecuatorianas fueron afectadas por este fen\u00f3meno, es decir, que unas\n300.000 personas fueron desplazadas internamente.\n\nEsto coincide con resultados cualitativos del [diagn\u00f3stico participativo realizado por ACNUR entre noviembre de 2024 y marzo](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/116645 )\nde 2025, el cual revela que tanto personas refugiadas, migrantes y comunidades de acogida ecuatorianas enfrentan un clima\ngeneralizado de inseguridad lo cual obliga a familias a confinarse o desplazarse. Las principales causas de desplazamiento\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n- confinamiento incluyen amenazas de muerte, extorsiones, reclutamiento de ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, y violencia hacia las\nmujeres y ni\u00f1as. Esta violencia ha empujado a muchas personas a desplazarse internamente, y en casos extremos, a cruzar\nfronteras hacia pa\u00edses como Colombia, Per\u00fa, entre otros. Las personas desplazadas por la fuerza tambi\u00e9n se ven atrapadas\nen zonas controladas por grupos criminales, donde enfrentan discriminaci\u00f3n, acoso y riesgo de reclutamiento, exacerbando\nsu situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\nSeg\u00fan el monitoreo de ACNUR, desde febrero de 2024 se han registrado 194 eventos de desplazamiento interno entre\npersonas refugiadas y migrantes, en los cuales se han visto impactadas 563 personas. El 82% de esos incidentes se dio\nen 2024. Un cuarto de estos desplazamientos se dio desde Sucumb\u00edos, mientras que una tercera parte sali\u00f3 de Guayas y\nPichincha.\n\nPero el impacto de esta violencia va m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del impacto y el desplazamiento f\u00edsico: afecta la salud mental, las redes de\napoyo comunitario y el acceso a medios de vida para miles de personas, en \u00faltima instancia afectando su capacidad de\npermanecer estables en el pa\u00eds. Mujeres, adolescentes, y personas LGBTIQ+ enfrentan riesgos desproporcionados, desde\nviolencia sexual hasta amenazas de muerte. A pesar de los esfuerzos comunitarios para generar resiliencia, la respuesta a\u00fan\nes limitada. En este contexto, la violencia no solo desplaza, sino que confina, silencia e inmoviliza. Abordar esta crisis exige\nuna respuesta humanitaria robusta, coordinada y sostenida, tanto para quienes se ven obligados a huir como para quienes\nse quedan atrapados en la violencia.\n\nDesde ACNUR, se ha estado llevando a cabo una primera aproximaci\u00f3n para abordar a esta crisis colaborando con las\ninstituciones del Estado para evaluar la manera conjunta y sentar las bases para un marco legal e institucional que permita\na diferentes actores posicionarse en una futura respuesta al desplazamiento interno, que afecta tambi\u00e9n a personas\ndesplazadas que han decidido radicarse en Ecuador.\n\nAcceso a protecci\u00f3n internacional\n\nLa Constituci\u00f3n ecuatoriana garantiza el pleno ejercicio de los derechos humanos fundamentales con independencia de\nnacionalidad y estatus migratorio, e incluye el derecho a solicitar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Ecuador ratific\u00f3 la Convenci\u00f3n\nsobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951 en 1958 y su Protocolo de 1967 en 1969.\n\nHasta mayo de 2025, el [Estado ecuatoriano registra una cifra hist\u00f3rica de 80.005 personas reconocidas formalmente como](https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Infografia-estadistica-de-refugiados-historico-Mayo-2025.pdf)\nrefugiadas, 19.517 de las cuales se han sido reconocidas desde 2019.\n\n\n**14** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n\nSolicitudes de asilo Refugiados\n\n\n\nEn los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, Ecuador ha mantenido su posici\u00f3n como\nuno de los principales pa\u00edses receptores de solicitudes de\nasilo en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Tras un fuerte descenso en 2020\n\u2014posiblemente vinculado a las restricciones de movilidad y\nservicios causadas por la pandemia de COVID-19\u2014, las cifras\ncomenzaron a recuperarse paulatinamente, estabiliz\u00e1ndose\nentre 2021 y 2023 con un promedio anual cercano a las 11.000\nsolicitudes. Sin embargo, en 2024 se registr\u00f3 un aumento\nsignificativo, alcanzando 14.576 nuevas solicitudes, el n\u00famero\nm\u00e1s alto en una d\u00e9cada, reflejando el agravamiento de las\ncrisis en pa\u00edses de origen, como Colombia y Venezuela.\n\n\nDurante los primeros meses de 2025 casi 4.000 personas\nya han solicitado asilo, lo que sugiere que, de mantenerse la\ntendencia vista en 2024 y lo que va del 2025, el pa\u00eds podr\u00eda\ncerrar el a\u00f1o con una cifra comparable o superior a la del\na\u00f1o pasado. Este incremento no solo evidencia la creciente\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional, sino que tambi\u00e9n\npone presi\u00f3n sobre el sistema nacional de asilo, que enfrenta\nlimitaciones operativas en medio de un contexto de violencia\ngeneralizada, estigmatizaci\u00f3n de la movilidad humana y\nrestricciones presupuestarias. En este escenario, garantizar\nel acceso al procedimiento de asilo, as\u00ed como su integridad\ny eficiencia, se vuelve una prioridad cr\u00edtica para preservar el\nderecho a la protecci\u00f3n de quienes m\u00e1s lo necesitan.\n\n\nPersonas\n\n\n25000\n\n\n\nEn los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, Ecuador ha logrado avances sostenidos\nen el reconocimiento del estatuto de refugiado, consolidando\nsu compromiso con la protecci\u00f3n internacional. Luego de una\nca\u00edda marcada en 2020, el n\u00famero de personas reconocidas\nha ido en aumento de manera constante, pasando de 1.031\nen 2020 a m\u00e1s de 4.100 en 2024. Este crecimiento refleja no\nsolo un aumento en la demanda de protecci\u00f3n, sino tambi\u00e9n\nuna respuesta institucional m\u00e1s robusta. El a\u00f1o 2024 marc\u00f3\nel mayor n\u00famero de reconocimientos en m\u00e1s de una d\u00e9cada,\nlo cual es un indicador claro de los esfuerzos por agilizar los\nprocesos y garantizar el acceso efectivo al derecho al asilo.\nEn menos de seis meses de 2025, el n\u00famero de personas\nreconocidas como refugiadas representa el 40% de la cifra\ntotal de 2024, y el 42% de la cifra registrada en 2023. Esto\nsugiere que, de sostenerse la tendencia, 2025 ver\u00e1 una cifra\nde reconocimientos similar a la del a\u00f1o pasado.\n\nACNUR, con el respaldo t\u00e9cnico y financiero de sus socios\ny donantes, ha apoyado al Gobierno del Ecuador en el\ndesarrollo de capacidades institucionales, la formaci\u00f3n\nde personal, la modernizaci\u00f3n de procedimientos y el\nacompa\u00f1amiento en la evaluaci\u00f3n de casos complejos. Estos\nesfuerzos han contribuido a mejorar la eficiencia, calidad y\nsensibilidad del sistema nacional de asilo, permitiendo no\nsolo mayores vol\u00famenes de reconocimiento, sino tambi\u00e9n\ndecisiones m\u00e1s oportunas y centradas en la protecci\u00f3n. En\nun contexto regional desafiante y con recursos cada vez\nm\u00e1s limitados, estos logros son un testimonio del impacto\npositivo que puede tener la cooperaci\u00f3n internacional para\ngarantizar los derechos de las personas forzadas a huir.\n\n\n4000\n\n\n\n20000\n\n\n15000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n5000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3500\n\n3000\n\n2500\n\n2000\n\n1500\n\n1000\n\n500\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\nFuente: Gobierno de Ecuador\nDepartamento de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional a abril 2025\n\n\n\n2025*\n\n\n\nFuente: Gobierno de Ecuador\nDepartamento de Protecci\u00f3n Internacional a abril 2025\n\n\n\n[Fuente: Infograf\u00eda solicitudes de asilo DPIN.](https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Infograf%C2%B0a-de-hist%C2%A2rico-de-solicitantes-de-refugio-colombianos-venezolanos-y-otros-pa%C2%B0ses-Oct-2022.pdf) [Fuente: Infograf\u00eda reconocimientos DPIN.](https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Infografia-estadistica-de-refugiados-historico-Abril-2024.pdf)\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nLa violencia ejercida por grupos criminales en Ecuador ha incrementado significativamente el nivel de riesgo en muchas\ncomunidades, afectando de manera desproporcionada a mujeres, ni\u00f1as, personas LGBTIQ+ y otros perfiles vulnerables,\nincluyendo personas refugiadas, otras desplazadas por la fuerza y de la comunidad de acogida. Esta violencia, sumada a la\nlimitada respuesta institucional, ha deteriorado la confianza de la poblaci\u00f3n en los mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n del Estado y\nha erosionado las redes comunitarias.\n\nLos diagn\u00f3sticos participativos comunitarios realizados por ACNUR en 2023 y 2024 fueron fundamentales para identificar los\nprincipales riesgos, necesidades y propuestas de soluciones planteadas por las personas refugiadas, solicitantes de asilo,\nmigrantes y de las comunidades de acogida. A trav\u00e9s de 54 espacios de di\u00e1logo en 13 provincias, se recopil\u00f3 informaci\u00f3n\ncualitativa y cuantitativa que puso en evidencia un deterioro en la seguridad y la protecci\u00f3n comunitaria, marcado por la\nexpansi\u00f3n del crimen organizado, la violencia hacia las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as, el reclutamiento de ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, y la\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n y xenofobia estructurales. Las personas participantes tambi\u00e9n reportaron altos niveles de ansiedad, temor a\nla participaci\u00f3n en espacios p\u00fablicos y desconfianza en las instituciones estatales, lo que resalta la urgencia de continuar\nfortaleciendo los mecanismos comunitarios de protecci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento psicosocial de manera general.\n\nA nivel comunitario, se observan graves consecuencias del deterioro de las condiciones de seguridad: disminuci\u00f3n de la\nparticipaci\u00f3n en actividades colectivas y aumento del miedo. Esta situaci\u00f3n afecta directamente la integraci\u00f3n y cohesi\u00f3n\nsocial y deja a las comunidades m\u00e1s aisladas frente a las amenazas. Ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes enfrentan mayores riesgos\nde reclutamiento por grupos criminales, mientras que las mujeres y personas de g\u00e9nero diverso contin\u00faan siendo blanco\nde violencia, trata y explotaci\u00f3n sexual. En respuesta a estos desaf\u00edos, ACNUR ha promovido actividades comunitarias con\nenfoque en el arte y el deporte como herramientas clave de protecci\u00f3n, particularmente con ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia, generando\nespacios seguros de expresi\u00f3n, bienestar emocional y construcci\u00f3n de v\u00ednculos positivos que contrarrestan los efectos de\nla violencia y el aislamiento.\n\nEstos diagn\u00f3sticos tambi\u00e9n evidenciaron la necesidad del enfoque comunitario como m\u00e9todo para fomentar la resiliencia\na nivel local. Las personas consultadas valoraron de manera positiva los espacios de encuentro seguros, el apoyo de\nlideresas y l\u00edderes comunitarios, y la participaci\u00f3n activa de mujeres, personas LGBTIQ+ y juventudes en procesos de toma\nde decisiones. Del mismo modo, recalcaron la necesidad de reforzar el acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos, como salud, educaci\u00f3n\ny medios de vida, mediante programas con enfoque diferenciado y culturalmente adaptados. En este sentido, las iniciativas\nart\u00edstico-culturales impulsadas por ACNUR han demostrado ser una v\u00eda efectiva para fortalecer la identidad, fomentar el\ndi\u00e1logo intercomunitario y prevenir la violencia, especialmente en contextos donde las personas desplazadas y comunidades\nlocales enfrentan estigmatizaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**16** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nFrente a este panorama, ACNUR ha mantenido una estrategia de intervenci\u00f3n comunitaria firme, basada en la prevenci\u00f3n\ny mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos. En 2024, se brind\u00f3 asistencia a m\u00e1s de 2.900 mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia, se gestionaron\nm\u00e1s de 1.000 casos, y se ofrecieron servicios especializados a m\u00e1s de 8.400 personas. Adem\u00e1s, se establecieron espacios\nseguros en distintas localidades del pa\u00eds y se fortaleci\u00f3 la formaci\u00f3n de personal tanto especializado como general,\nasegurando una atenci\u00f3n adecuada y sensible a los casos de violencia. Estas intervenciones se han complementado con\nacciones participativas en el \u00e1mbito deportivo y cultural, reconociendo su valor como mecanismos de cohesi\u00f3n, expresi\u00f3n y\nrecuperaci\u00f3n en contextos afectados por el conflicto y la exclusi\u00f3n.\n\nLos esfuerzos de ACNUR tambi\u00e9n han incluido el fortalecimiento de organizaciones comunitarias, especialmente aquellas\nlideradas por mujeres y personas refugiadas, en el marco de su estrategia de localizaci\u00f3n. En total, 72 organizaciones\ncomunitarias fueron apoyadas mediante asistencia t\u00e9cnica, formaci\u00f3n y recursos, con el objetivo de reconstruir el tejido\nsocial, prevenir la violencia y promover la inclusi\u00f3n. Este trabajo se complement\u00f3 con campa\u00f1as de sensibilizaci\u00f3n, talleres\nart\u00edsticos y actividades deportivas comunitarias que promueven valores de paz, respeto y convivencia, asegurando que las\nintervenciones respondan a las necesidades reales de las comunidades a nivel local.\n\nEn este sentido, ACNUR permanece en las comunidades ecuatorianas para responder a un contexto de violencia que amenaza\nla seguridad y dignidad de miles de personas desplazadas y locales. Este enfoque comunitario permite crear espacios de\nprotecci\u00f3n en donde la respuesta es limitada, fortalecer la resiliencia de las comunidades, y fomentar el liderazgo local como\npilar de sostenibilidad. Este trabajo es vital para evitar nuevos desplazamientos y prevenir riesgos de protecci\u00f3n. En este\ncontexto, el rol de ACNUR es esencial y complementario al del Estado. Su presencia constante en el territorio, el fortalecimiento\nde las organizaciones de base comunitarias y locales y el dise\u00f1o de estrategias participativas \u2014que incluyen expresiones\ndeportivas y art\u00edsticas como ejes de transformaci\u00f3n social\u2014 permiten no solo atender emergencias, sino tambi\u00e9n construir\ncapacidades duraderas que promueven protecci\u00f3n, inclusi\u00f3n y cohesi\u00f3n social en un entorno cada vez m\u00e1s complejo.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nEn 2024, Ecuador enfrent\u00f3 una desaceleraci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica significativa con una contracci\u00f3n del PIB de 2%. Seg\u00fan el Banco\nCentral, la contracci\u00f3n respondi\u00f3 principalmente a factores internos, como la crisis energ\u00e9tica, la disminuci\u00f3n en el consumo\nde los hogares en 1,3%, la reducci\u00f3n del gasto p\u00fablico del Gobierno en 1,3% y la ca\u00edda de la inversi\u00f3n en 3,8%. Esta situaci\u00f3n\nprovoc\u00f3 la p\u00e9rdida de m\u00e1s de 250.000 empleos en el \u00faltimo semestre del 2024 y un aumento en la informalidad laboral (INEC,\n2024). La pobreza alcanz\u00f3 el 28% y la tasa m\u00e1s alta desde el 2021, y un promedio del 60% de familias no logra cubrir el costo\nde la canasta b\u00e1sica (INEC, 2024). Adem\u00e1s, \u00fanicamente 34 de cada 100 personas tienen empleo pleno (Encuesta Nacional\nde Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo - ENEMDU INEC I trimestre 2025). Esta situaci\u00f3n ha provocado una alta vulnerabilidad\nsocioecon\u00f3mica, afectando particularmente a mujeres, j\u00f3venes y personas desplazadas por la fuerza en general.\n\nEl desempleo juvenil lleg\u00f3 al 9,5% en mayo de 2024, increment\u00e1ndose en 3,4 puntos porcentuales respecto al a\u00f1o anterior\n(INEC, 2024). Adem\u00e1s, el 80% de los j\u00f3venes no tiene empleo, y casi el 60% depende econ\u00f3micamente de sus familias.\nLa b\u00fasqueda de empleo, en promedio, tiene una duraci\u00f3n de al menos nueve meses, y el sueldo mensual de las y los\nj\u00f3venes empleados es de menos de US$200, debajo del salario b\u00e1sico unificado de USD 460 (seg\u00fan Children International\ny Empleo Joven Ecuador, 2024). Estos datos ponen en evidencia un entorno econ\u00f3mico restrictivo para el acceso a medios\nde vida sostenibles, en el cual las personas desplazadas por la fuerza enfrentan obst\u00e1culos adicionales relacionados con la\ndocumentaci\u00f3n regular, discriminaci\u00f3n y acceso limitado a servicios financieros y de inserci\u00f3n laboral.\n\nA pesar de este contexto dif\u00edcil, diversos estudios destacan el potencial positivo de la inclusi\u00f3n de personas refugiadas y otras\ndesplazadas por la fuerza en la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds. Seg\u00fan el Fondo Monetario Internacional, su integraci\u00f3n podr\u00eda impulsar\nel crecimiento del PIB entre un 2 % y 3,5% hacia 2030, gracias al incremento en la demanda agregada y la recaudaci\u00f3n\ntributaria (FMI, Regional Spillover Report, 2023). En 2021, se estim\u00f3 que el desplazamiento venezolano gener\u00f3 ingresos de\nunos US$43 millones al pa\u00eds, con una ganancia neta superior a los $US 31 millones (C\u00e1mara Empresarial Venezolana Peruana\ny Konrad - Adenauer - Stiftung, 2022). Sin embargo, este potencial solo puede materializarse con pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas que\nfaciliten la inclusi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica. Aunque el 20% de las personas venezolanas en Ecuador tiene t\u00edtulo universitario y el 5%\ncuenta con formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica o tecnol\u00f3gica (Censo Ecuador, 2022), sus capacidades suelen estar subutilizadas debido a la\nexclusi\u00f3n, discriminaci\u00f3n y una falta generalizada de pol\u00edticas inclusivas transversalizadas.\n\n\n**18** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nFrente a esto, en 2024 se avanz\u00f3 en la reforma normativa para facilitar el reconocimiento de t\u00edtulos obtenidos en el extranjero,\ngracias al trabajo conjunto entre el gobierno, ACNUR y el Banco Mundial. Adem\u00e1s, se intensificaron programas de inclusi\u00f3n\necon\u00f3mica. ACNUR brind\u00f3 asistencia directa a m\u00e1s de 6.000 personas en diez ciudades del pa\u00eds, beneficiando indirectamente\na m\u00e1s de 22.000 familiares (ACNUR, 2024). M\u00e1s de 3.600 personas participaron en capacitaciones en emprendimiento,\ncasi 2.000 recibieron orientaci\u00f3n para acceder al empleo formal y 442 recibieron capacitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica y reconocieron sus\ncualificaciones profesionales. A trav\u00e9s de la iniciativa Empresas con Personas Refugiadas, desde 2021, 170 empresas han\ncontratado a m\u00e1s de 1.100 personas desplazadas por la fuerza. Tambi\u00e9n se impulsaron iniciativas en econom\u00eda verde y\ncircular, as\u00ed como programas como Compra con Prop\u00f3sito que conectaron a 155 emprendedores con mercados locales para\npromocionar sus emprendimientos y productos.\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos de inclusi\u00f3n financiera, se han registrado avances importantes. De acuerdo con la encuesta RMS de ACNUR,\nel porcentaje de personas refugiadas con una cuenta bancaria pas\u00f3 del 14% en 2022 al 29% en 2023. Seg\u00fan datos del\nSistema de Informaci\u00f3n de Medios de Vida (LIS, una encuesta realizada con personas apoyadas por programas de ACNUR)\nen 2024, el 75% de las personas apoyadas tiene cuentas de ahorro y el 12% ha accedido a cr\u00e9ditos. Adem\u00e1s, el 35% de las\npersonas refugiadas emprendedoras emplea al menos a otra persona. 86% de hombres y 71% de mujeres en relaci\u00f3n de\ndependencia reportan estar en un empleo formal, aunque el salario promedio mensual reportado fue de US$440 y US$415\nrespectivamente, por debajo del salario b\u00e1sico unificado. Estos indicadores reflejan una creciente resiliencia econ\u00f3mica y\nun impacto positivo de los programas de integraci\u00f3n. Aunque persisten desaf\u00edos estructurales y de seguridad, Ecuador tiene\nla oportunidad de transformar los desaf\u00edos del desplazamiento forzado en una oportunidad de desarrollo, siempre que se\nsostengan e incrementen los esfuerzos de inclusi\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n### Impacto de los cortes presupuestarios\n\n\n\n+2.000 personas\nsin acceso a programas de empleo\ny/o formaci\u00f3n\n\n\n16.000 personas\ncon acceso limitado a servicios de\nalbergue y comedores\n\n\n\n17.000 personas\nsin acceso a asistencia legal par\nacceder al sistema de asilo\n\n3.600 ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y mujeres\nen riesgo sin atenci\u00f3n especializada\n\n\n\nLos recortes presupuestarios enfrentados por ACNUR, al igual que otras organizaciones humanitarias en Ecuador en 2025\nhan tenido un impacto profundo en la capacidad para responder a las crecientes necesidades de las personas desplazadas\npor la fuerza en el pa\u00eds. La reducci\u00f3n de la asistencia para cubrir necesidades b\u00e1sicas, como alimentaci\u00f3n y vivienda, ha\ndejado a aproximadamente 20 familias cada semana sin este apoyo vital. Esto incrementa la precariedad de miles de personas\ndesplazadas, especialmente desde Venezuela y Colombia, y pone en riesgo sus condiciones m\u00ednimas de subsistencia. Sin\nesta ayuda, las personas desplazadas podr\u00edan no tener m\u00e1s opciones que recurrir a mecanismos de afrontamiento negativos,\ncomo el trabajo forzado, la explotaci\u00f3n sexual o desplazamientos secundarios peligrosos.\n\n\n**20** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\nUno de los sectores m\u00e1s afectados por estos recortes es el de medios de vida. Programas clave que antes ofrec\u00edan formaci\u00f3n,\nacompa\u00f1amiento y acceso a emprendimientos o empleos formales ahora han sido dr\u00e1sticamente limitados, dejando a m\u00e1s\nde 2.000 personas sin opciones para estabilizarse econ\u00f3micamente este a\u00f1o. Esto no solo limita su capacidad de ser\nautosuficientes, sino que debilita significativamente los esfuerzos de estabilizaci\u00f3n, integraci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n de riesgos como\nel reclutamiento de adolescentes o los movimientos secundarios. La cancelaci\u00f3n anticipada del proceso de regularizaci\u00f3n y\nel acceso restringido a alternativas de tener un estatus regular agravan esta situaci\u00f3n, dejando a miles sin v\u00edas para alcanzar\nuna estabilidad duradera.\n\nLas consecuencias tambi\u00e9n se extienden al \u00e1mbito de la protecci\u00f3n internacional. La reducci\u00f3n del 60% en la capacidad\noperativa del ACNUR y sus socios ha limitado severamente los esfuerzos de registro, derivaci\u00f3n a servicios b\u00e1sicos y de\nprotecci\u00f3n, al igual que el acceso al sistema de asilo. M\u00e1s de 17.000 personas podr\u00edan quedarse sin asistencia legal adecuada,\nespecialmente tras el cierre de oficinas claves y la disminuci\u00f3n del personal en socios e instituciones fundamentales. Esto\nrepresenta una barrera cr\u00edtica para acceder a protecci\u00f3n intencional, documentaci\u00f3n, y otras rutas de protecci\u00f3n, generando\nmayor invisibilidad y riesgo para quienes ya enfrentan m\u00faltiples vulnerabilidades.\n\nEn el \u00e1rea de protecci\u00f3n especializada, el impacto tambi\u00e9n es significativo. M\u00e1s de 3.600 ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres\nen situaci\u00f3n de riesgo podr\u00edan quedar sin acceso a servicios esenciales frente a la violencia, el abuso y la explotaci\u00f3n. Esto\ndebilita los esfuerzos para prevenir el reclutamiento, la violencia hacia mujeres y ni\u00f1as y otros riesgos graves, especialmente\nen zonas afectadas por emergencias m\u00faltiples como Esmeraldas. Adem\u00e1s, el cierre o reducci\u00f3n de servicios de albergue y\ncomedores comunitarios limitar\u00e1 el apoyo inmediato a m\u00e1s de 16.000 personas, erosionando a\u00fan m\u00e1s la red de protecci\u00f3n\nhumanitaria en el Ecuador.\n\nFinalmente, el efecto acumulativo de estos recortes no solo incrementa la vulnerabilidad de la poblaci\u00f3n desplazada, sino\nque tambi\u00e9n compromete la estabilidad y cohesi\u00f3n de las comunidades de acogida. Las emergencias meteorol\u00f3gicas, como\ninundaciones y terremotos, han intensificado la presi\u00f3n sobre un sistema ya desbordado. Sin una financiaci\u00f3n adecuada\ny sostenida, el ACNUR tendr\u00e1 dificultades para responder eficazmente, requiriendo el compromiso firme por parte de la\ncomunidad internacional, el sector privado y otros actores clave para responder a las crecientes necesidades humanitarias y\nde protecci\u00f3n de las personas en Ecuador.\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n**ACNUR cubre 21 de las 24 provincias de Ecuador desde diferentes oficinas en todo el**\n**territorio nacional. Estos son algunos de los indicadores de resultados del trabajo de**\n**ACNUR y sus socios en Ecuador en 2024.**\n\n\n#### **149.315**\n\n\n#### **1.411**\n\nPERSONAS VINCULADAS CON\nOPORTUNIDADES DE EMPLEO\n\n#### **2.903**\n\nPERSONAS SOBREVIVIENTES DE\n\nVIOLENCIA APOYADAS\n\n\n\nPERSONAS REFUGIADAS Y OTRAS\n\n\n\nDESPLAZADAS APOYADAS Y\n\n\n\nREGISTRADAS EN PROGRES\n\n\n\nHASTA DICIEMBRE DE 2024\n\n\n#### **64.551**\n\n\n\nPERSONAS QUE RECIBEN\nORIENTACI\u00d3N LEGAL PARA\n\n\n\nACCEDER AL SISTEMA DE\nPROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL\n\n\n#### **20.453**\n\n\n\nPERSONAS QUE RECIBIERON KITS\n\n\n#### **11.920**\n\n\n\nPERSONAS QUE RECIBIERON\nASISTENCIA PARA ACCEDER A\n\n\n\nNECESIDADES B\u00c1SICAS\n\n\n\nDE HIGIENE\n\n\n#### **29.551**\n\n\n\nPERSONAS APOYADAS A TRAV\u00c9S\n\nDE ALBERGUES COLECTIVOS DE\n\n\n\nPERSONAS APOYADAS A TRAV\u00c9S\n\n\n\nDE SERVICIOS COMUNITARIOS\n\n\n#### **11.204**\n\n\n\nEMERGENCIA\n\n\n#### **12.891**\n\n\n\nPERSONAS RECIBIERON APOYO\n\n\n\nPERSONAS APOYADAS A TRAV\u00c9S\n\n\n\nDE SERVICIOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N\n\n\n#### **336**\n\n\n\nPSICOSOCIAL\n\n\n\nINFANTIL\n\n\n\n**22** **ACNUR** | Tendencias Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n### Nota metodol\u00f3gica\n\n\n_El objetivo principal de este reporte es brindar un an\u00e1lisis r\u00e1pido de tendencias y cambios en el desplazamiento_\n_forzado de personas hacia y en Ecuador en los \u00faltimos seis a\u00f1os. Los datos presentados aqu\u00ed se basan en_\n_la informaci\u00f3n recibida hasta el 30 de abril de 2025, a menos que se indique lo contrario directamente en_\n_las gr\u00e1ficas o el texto. A finales de abril de 2025, ACNUR, sus socios, el Grupo de Trabajo para Refugiados_\n_y Migrantes (GTRM) y el Gobierno del Ecuador, estiman un n\u00famero de 440.450 personas forzadas a huir o_\n_en movilidad humana de nacionalidad venezolana en el pa\u00eds. Las cifras de respuesta del ACNUR provienen_\n_de registros de implementaci\u00f3n de socios y ACNUR a nivel nacional y local. Los datos sobre caracter\u00edsticas_\n_socioecon\u00f3micas provienen de Encuestas de Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n del 2025 y otras encuestas llevadas_\n_a cabo por ACNUR durante 2023. Debido a que durante 2025 pueden darse ajustes en cifras de poblaci\u00f3n y_\n_respuesta, las cifras de este reporte deben considerarse provisorias y sujetas a cambios. Para mayor informaci\u00f3n_\n_sobre el desplazamiento forzado en Ecuador y el mandato del ACNUR, consulte el portal de datos, la p\u00e1gina web_\n_de ACNUR Ecuador o cont\u00e1ctenos a ecuqumedia@unhcr.org._\n\n\n**Agradecemos las contribuciones de nuestros donantes**\n\nal 30 de abril de 2025\n\n\n_**ACNUR Ecuador agradece el apoyo cr\u00edtico y generoso brindado por donantes que**_\n\n_**han contribuido con fondos asignados y no asignados.**_\n\n\n_ACNUR Ecuador agradece el apoyo de donantes_\n\n_privados en todo el mundo_\n\n\n\n**PARA M\u00c1S ACTUALIZACIONES**\n\n\n\n[@ACNUREcuador |](https://twitter.com/ACNUREcuador) [Data Portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/ecu)\n\n\n\nacnurecuador\n\n\n\n**Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n:** Diana Diaz Rodriguez, Oficial de Relaciones Externas _**diazdi@unhcr.org**_ |\n\n**Para entrevistas de medios:** Omar Ganchala, Asociado de Comunicaci\u00f3n _**diazdi@unhcr.org**_ |\n\n\n\nTendencias Ecuador | **ACNUR** **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Encuestas de Monitoreo de Protecci\u00f3n", - "confidence": 0.7375431060791016, - "start": 154, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ACNUR", - "confidence": 0.8254817128181458, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.6490877270698547, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7483640313148499, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACNUR** Ecuador\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68fb243f-0f79-5d3a-a683-58c79916862e/250620_ACNUR%20Ecuador%20-%20TENDENCIAS%20NACIONALES%202025%20-%20VF.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_700/raw/doc_700_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_700/raw/doc_700_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 96e243824de54b0cd2d0adec680c753089178b42..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_700/raw/doc_700_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,230 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\nR E G I O N A L S U M M A R I E S\n\n# **Southern** **Africa**\n\n\n## \u201c\n\n\n###### all the people here to have a little something.\n## \u201d\n\n\n###### We have lots of refugees here, they should not die. They have been here for more than a month with no humanitarian help. We want\n\n\n\n**\u2014Alpha Vonzia,** chief of Congo Rive village\n\n\n\n_Alpha Vonzia, 43, fishes in the Oubangui river that marks the border between_\n_the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He_\n_leads a simple life as chief of Congo Rive village, but now in addition to the_\n_300 residents of his village, he is taking care of thousands of newly-arrived_\n_Central African refugees, following the violence in Bangui in January 2021._\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Adrienne Surprenant\n\n\n**92** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **93**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### MAJOR SITUATIONS IN 2020\n\n**THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO**\n\n\n\n**861,000**\nCONGOLESE REFUGEES\nAND ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN\nNEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES\n\n\n\n**51%**\nOF REFUGEES AND\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\nWERE WOMEN\n\n**55%**\nOF REFUGEES AND\nASYLUM-SEEKERS\nWERE CHILDREN\n\n\n\n**5.2 million**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\n**and domestic items.**\n\nThe humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo remained complex in 2020, particularly\nin eastern provinces. 5.2 million people remained internally displaced, while more than 861,000 Congolese\nrefugees and asylum-seekers were hosted in neighbouring countries. UNHCR strengthened its emergency\nsupport in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri provinces, in line with UNHCR\u2019s IDP policy. 44,429 IDP households\nreceived cash grants for basic and domestic items. The situation was characterized by the large number of\nIDPs, a complex security situation that caused repeated internal displacement, and limited resources for\nhumanitarian actors to provide protection and assistance to IDPs. These factors contributed to onward\ndisplacement to neighbouring countries.\n\nUnder the 2020 Regional Refugee Response Plan for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, UNHCR led\u0003\n66 partners in seven neighbouring countries of asylum to provide multisectoral assistance, protection and\nsolutions.\nWhile humanitarian assistance was an essential component of UNHCR\u2019s response, promotion of sustainable\nlivelihoods and inclusion of refugees into national development plans were also prioritized, reflecting the\nwhole-of-society approach of the Global Compact on Refugees.\n\n\n\n\n\n**1.4 million**\n\n\n\nIDP RETURNEES\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**PEOPLE OF CONCERN**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**8.5 million** people of concern in 2020\n0 **9%** of the global population of concern 91.9 million\n\n\n**People of concern | 2015-2020**\n\n\n\n**$207.5 million** funds available in 2020\n\n\n\n**Monthly evolution of funding | 2020**\n\nUnearmarked Softly earmarked Earmarked Tightly earmarked\n\n\n250\n\n\n\n**REGIONAL FUNDING OVERVIEW**\n**AND EARMARKING**\n\n\n\n$324.7 million\n0 **64%** funded required\n\n\n\nRefugees\n\nStateless persons*\n\n10\n\n\n8\n\n\n6\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nAsylum-seekers IDPs\n\nReturnees (refugees and IDPs) Others of concern\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\n_*Data on stateless persons in Southern Africa not available._\n\n\n\n**94** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **95**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n### KEY RESULTS AND TRENDS IN 2020\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **PROGRAMMATIC** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n\n\n**CHILD PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n\n**1,651** unaccompanied or separated\nchildren had a best interests assessment\n\n\n**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n**TRENDS** IN RESPONSE\n\n**Cash assistance by sector in Africa | 2016-2020**\n\nBasic needs Seasonal grants Life-saving support Solutions\n\n\n2020\n\n\n2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3,390** gender-based violence incidents\nreported for which survivors received\npsychosocial counselling.\n\n\n**CORE RELIEF ITEMS**\n\n**124,164** households provided with core\nrelief items.\n**68,020** women received sanitary\nmaterials.\n\n\n**HEALTH**\n\n**1.05** under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000\nunder-5s per month) in refugee camps.\n\n\n\n\n\n2018\n\n\n2017\n\n\n2016\n\n\n\nUSD millions\n***Including **$8.8 million** in the **Southern Africa** region **.**\n\n\n\n**Individual registration records | 2016-2020**\n\n\nIndividual registration records in PRIMES proGres v4\nindividuals (5 years and above) with biometric records in PRIMES\n\n\nIn millions\n\n\n\n**Resettlement departures | 2016-2020**\n\n\nIndividuals\n\n\n\n4,000\n\n3,500\n\n3,000\n\n\n2,500\n\n2,000\n\n1,500\n\n1,000\n\n\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n**92%** of births in refugees camps were\n\n\n\n\n\n**SHELTER**\n\n**76,547** people of concern received\nemergency shelter.\n**62%** of households lived in adequate\ndwellings.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**19** litres of potable water available on\naverage per person per day in refugee\ncamps.\n**62%** of households had a drop-hole\nlatrine or drop-hole toilet.\n\n\n**EDUCATION** [**]\n\n**63,374** children enrolled in primary\neducation.\n**9,494** students enrolled in secondary\neducation.\n**1,162** people of concern received\ntertiary education scholarships.\n\n\n**SELF-RELIANCE**\n\n**236** people of concern enrolled in\nvocational training.\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY RETURNS**\n\n**6,275** refugees assisted to return\nvoluntarily.\n\n\n**RESETTLEMENT**\n\n**1,371** resettlement submissions.\n\n\n\n1.2\n\n1.0\n\n0.8\n\n0.6\n\n0.4\n\n0.2\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n500\n\n\n\n**501**\n0\n\n\n\n_*Four countries reporting in 2020 compared to three countries reporting in 2019._\n_**While enrolment rates for the school year were high, a majority of those enrolled did not attend school due to COVID-19 restrictions._\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **COVID-19** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n**1,369,515** refugees, IDPs and other\npeople of concern accessed\nprotection services.\n\n\n**261,359** refugees, IDPs and other\npeople of concern received cash\nassistance related to the impact of\nCOVID-19.\n\n\n\n**560,399** refugees and other\npeople of concern received essential\nhealth care services.\n\n\n**48,324** women and girls accessed\nsexual and reproductive health\nservices.\n\n\n\nconcern provided with mental health admitted for treatment of moderate with distance/home-based learning.\nand psychosocial support services. acute malnutrition.\n\n\n\ngeographic areas inhabited by people\nof concern were reached by COVID-19\ninformation campaigns.\n\n\n\n**1,835** children 6-59 months admitted\nfor treatment of severe acute\nmalnutrition.\n\n\n\n**83,380** refugee children and youth\nout of school due to mandatory school\nclosures.\n\n\n\n**96** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **97**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Individual registration records", - "confidence": 0.9949564337730408, - "start": 210, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.6087055802345276, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016-2020", - "confidence": 0.9983288645744324, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "resettlement submissions", - "confidence": 0.9532260894775391, - "start": 457, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9381952285766602, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees, IDPs and other\npeople of concern", - "confidence": 0.5442506074905396, - "start": 548, - "end": 556 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\n##### KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND IMPACT\n\n\n\ndecreasing from around 3,800 submissions\nin 2019 to 1,371 submissions in 2020.\nIn line with UNHCR\u2019s three-year\nglobal strategy on resettlement and\ncomplementary pathways (2019-2021),\nUNHCR conducted training for\nresettlement and protection staff,\nincluding on family reunification,\neducational opportunities, employment\nopportunities, humanitarian pathways\nand private sponsors.\n\n\nEnsuring protection and durable\nsolutions for IDPs\n\nBy the end of 2020, the Southern Africa\nregion hosted around 6 million IDPs,\nmainly in the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo and Mozambique. Violence in\neastern Democratic Republic of the\nCongo pushed the number of IDPs to\n5.2 million by the start of 2021. UNHCR\nallocated additional funding for shelter\nin the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nimproving the lives of over 175,000 people,\nhaving identified vulnerable families\nand durable solutions thanks to close\ncooperation between Shelter, Protection\nand Camp Coordination and Camp\nManagement Clusters. UNHCR also\nsought to reinforce host families\nby providing support for additional\nrooms and housing on their land, and\nby improving living conditions for\nfamilies who have been residing at\novercrowded sites for years by using\na villagization approach.\n\n\nA deteriorating security situation in\nCabo Delgado Province in north-eastern\nMozambique displaced 530,000 people\nin Cabo Delgado. Over 90% remained\nin the province and others fled to the\nneighbouring Nampula (9%) and Niassa\nProvinces. UNHCR led the Protection\nCluster and actively participated in the\nShelter Cluster and Camp Coordination\nand Camp Management Cluster.\nUNHCR scaled up operations in northern\n\n\n\nSafeguarding access to protection\nand asylum\n\nUNHCR\u2019s multi-year, multi-partner\nprotection and solutions strategy for\nSouthern Africa provided a strategic\nframework in the region to ensure access\nto protection and asylum. National\nmigration and asylum systems remained\noverwhelmed and in need of strengthening\nto manage mixed movements of refugees,\nasylum-seekers and migrants originating\nfrom over 90 countries. To address this,\nUNHCR strengthened the quality and\nintegrity of registration and refugee status\ndetermination processes by providing\ntechnical and financial support. As the\npandemic restricted access to territory,\nUNHCR successfully advocated for\nkeeping asylum open. The number of\npeople biometrically registered in the\nregion fell 10% due to the verification\nexercise of South Sudanese refugees,\nvoluntary repatriation, spontaneous\nreturns, resettlement departures to third\ncountries and movements outside the\nregion. The pandemic also slowed\nbiometric registration.\n\n\nUNHCR and the Southern African\nDevelopment Community (SADC)\nestablished a five-year joint action plan\nto support ratification of key instruments\nby SADC member States, strengthen\nresearch, harmonize processes and help\ndevelop appropriate policies.\n\n\nIn the Republic of the Congo, a national\nasylum law was under consideration by\nthe Government, while the Seychelles\nrequested technical support in drafting\na national legal asylum framework that\ncould serve as a model for other Indian\nOcean island States. Mauritius and\nUNHCR agreed on standard operating\nprocedures to prevent refoulement,\n\n\n\nfacilitate refugee status determination\nand identify solutions, while the Comoros\nexpressed its intention to ratify the\n1951 Convention relating to the Status\nof Refugees and the 1969 OAU\nConvention Governing the Specific\nAspects of Refugee Problems in Africa.\nIn line with its strategy to address\nmixed movements in Africa, UNHCR\nimplemented the first year of a four-year\njoint project with the ILO, IOM and\nUNODC to support SADC member States\nin strengthening institutional mechanisms\nfor asylum and migration management.\n\n\nResponding with life-saving\nassistance\n\nUNHCR provided protection and\nmultisectoral assistance to people of\nconcern and host communities affected\nby new emergencies and protracted\ndisplacement. Some 1.4 million refugees,\nIDPs and other people of concern\nreceived protection services.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s response was anchored in\nnational systems and development plans,\nwith cash assistance an integral element.\nCash assistance was introduced for urban\nrefugees in South Africa who could no\nlonger access socioeconomic\nopportunities and for camp-based\nrefugees in Zambia whose livelihood\nopportunities were severely affected by\nCOVID-19. Increased cash assistance\nhelped offset WFP food ration cuts,\nwhich were seriously affecting people\nof concern in Angola, the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo, Malawi,\nMozambique and Zambia. 261,400 people\nof concern received cash assistance to\nmitigate the impact of COVID-19, which\ncaused over 1.2 million confirmed cases\nin Southern Africa in 2020. UNHCR\n\n\n\nprogrammes were adapted to observe\nphysical distancing, with health protocols\nat registration and food distribution\npoints, and hotlines and community\nprotection structures to report protection\nissues and assistance needs. UNHCR\u2019s\nresponse focused on communicating\nabout prevention measures, strengthening\nhealth systems, reinforcing water,\nsanitation and hygiene services, and\nsupporting isolation and quarantine\nunits, particularly in refugee camps\nand settlements.\n\n\nSeeking durable solutions for\nprotracted refugee situations\n\n6,275 people were assisted to return\nhome in 2020, although border closures\nprompted by COVID-19 forced UNHCR to\nsuspend voluntary repatriation operations\nfrom March onwards. Tripartite\nconsultations continued between UNHCR,\nthe Government of the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo and relevant\ncountries of asylum regarding the\nvoluntary repatriation of Congolese\nrefugees and asylum-seekers.\nThe Governments of Namibia and Burundi\nand UNHCR initiated discussions on\nrepatriation of Burundian refugees from\nOsire camp, with \u201cgo and see\u201d visits and\nintentional surveys planned for early 2021.\n\n\nIn Zambia, UNHCR continued its efforts\nto help integrate former Angolan and\nRwandan refugees by supporting selfreliance and socioeconomic inclusion\nand moving away from encampment\napproaches. In Zimbabwe, the African\nDevelopment Bank funded a UNHCR\nscheme to expand self-reliance\nopportunities through agricultural\nactivities. In Namibia, some Angolan\nrefugees received legal assistance to\nacquire permanent residence.\n\n\nResettlement in Southern Africa was\nseverely constrained by the COVID-19\npandemic, with third-country resettlement\n\n\n\n**98** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **99**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intentional surveys", - "confidence": 0.5523963570594788, - "start": 949, - "end": 951 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5596957802772522, - "start": 929, - "end": 930 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Osire camp", - "confidence": 0.6429409980773926, - "start": 938, - "end": 940 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7407280802726746, - "start": 954, - "end": 955 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Burundian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8090785145759583, - "start": 935, - "end": 937 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\n\nprovinces and worked with partners South Africa, with a view to providing FINANCIAL INFORMATION\nand the Government to increase access to documentation or to confirming\nprotection services and promote nationality. Approximately 500 people of\n\nConsequences of underfunding\n\nhumanitarian access. UNHCR also concern had their nationalities confirmed.\nprioritized gender-based violence COVID-19 compounded difficulties in the\nprevention and response activities. Implementing pledges made at region and obliged UNHCR to reallocate\n\n\n\nfunding to solarize the network and\nprevent power outages.\n\n\nAcross the region, COVID-19 kept\n83,000 children out of school, but UNHCR\ncould only support 2,405 with distance/\nhome-based learning. In the Republic of\nthe Congo, there was too little funding to\nbuild classrooms, pay volunteer teachers\nand buy school supplies for children,\nleaving overcrowded primary schools at\nrisk of COVID-19 and unable to provide\nquality education.\n\n\nIn Angola, UNHCR had planned an\nemployment initiative for vulnerable urban\nrefugees whose undocumented status\nmade it hard to find work and access\nbasic services, as well as putting them\nat risk of detention and exploitation.\nHowever, COVID-19 made it impossible\nfor UNHCR to cover the needs of\nextremely vulnerable families, forcing\nit to halt the jobs scheme.\n\n\nUnder-investment in agriculture and\nlivelihoods in Eswatini and Namibia\nderailed refugee self-reliance and\nUNHCR\u2019s planned phase-out of\noperations. In Zambia, most refugees\nlived in dilapidated or inadequate\nshelters, and reception facilities were\nbelow minimum standards for\nhumanitarian and psychosocial needs.\n\n\n\nSouth Africa, with a view to providing\naccess to documentation or to confirming\nnationality. Approximately 500 people of\nconcern had their nationalities confirmed.\n\n\n\nConsequences of underfunding\n\n\n\nReducing and preventing\nstatelessness\n\nPositive steps were taken towards\nreducing and preventing statelessness\nin Southern Africa, although the pandemic\nslowed progress. The Republic of the\nCongo, the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo, Namibia and Zambia made\nprogress towards accession to the\nStatelessness Conventions with support\nfrom UNHCR. Furthermore, UNHCR\nprovided technical support to the\nRepublic of the Congo and Eswatini,\nfollowing their adoption of national action\nplans to end statelessness. Areas of focus\nincluded reforming nationality laws and\nenhancing civil registration systems.\nNational plans were awaiting formal\nendorsement by Angola, the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo, Madagascar,\nNamibia and Zambia. Data collection\nefforts on the risk of statelessness,\nprofiles and size of affected populations\nin a number of countries were initiated\nand supported by UNHCR. Legal aid was\nprovided to some 2,000 people of\nconcern in Madagascar, Mozambique and\n\n\n\nImplementing pledges made at\nthe Global Refugee Forum\n\n\n\nDuring the 2019 Global Refugee Forum,\nthe region demonstrated extraordinary\npolitical will to support the Global\nCompact on Refugees, with 69 pledges\ncovering refugee integration, registration\nand access to identity cards, agricultural\nland and work permits, higher education,\nasylum procedures and legal frameworks.\nStates submitted additional pledges at\nthe Forum and the High-Level Segment\non Statelessness. Twelve States and four\norganizations in Southern Africa provided\n65 pledges, the second highest among\nUNHCR\u2019s seven regions. 70% of pledges\nreported are at the implementation or\nplanning stage.\n\n\nIn Zambia, 1,054 refugee and host\ncommunity farmers were included in\nnational agriculture input support\nprogrammes. More than 2,300 people\nof concern have been registered in the\nZambia Integrated Agriculture Information\nManagement Systems, pending inclusion\nin the Farmer Input Support Programme.\nTo further expand agricultural livelihoods,\n700 farm plots were allocated to refugee\n\nfarmers in Mantapala.\n\n\n\nCOVID-19 compounded difficulties in the\nregion and obliged UNHCR to reallocate\nfrom a chronically underfunded budget,\nproviding pandemic-related cash\nassistance to 261,359 people of concern.\n\n\nThe unmet needs were often acute: in\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nonly 25% of survivors of gender-based\nviolence received medical aid, 15% got\nlegal aid, and 1 in 200 got livelihoods\nsupport. Across the country, UNHCR\u2019s\nassistance reached fewer than half of\nthose identified as having specific needs.\nIn the north-west, a shortfall in resources\nundermined standards of health care for\nCentral African refugees.\n\n\nUnderfunding also affected UNHCR\u2019s\nability to meet basic needs in Dzaleka\nrefugee camp in Malawi, where\n46,000 mainly Burundian, Congolese and\nRwandan refugees and asylum-seekers\noccupied a site meant for 10,000. Access\nto clean water increased from 8.6 litres\nper day per person in 2019 to 12 litres, still\nbarely above half the minimum standard\nof 20 litres. The congested camp, relying\non a health centre serving 80,000 people,\nposed a serious COVID-19 risk. Water\nwas also short in Zimbabwe\u2019s Tongogara\nrefugee camp, where UNHCR lacked\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE VIA PARTNERS** | 2020\n\n\n**$73 million** spent via **75** partners in Southern Africa\n\n\n**14** Government **36** National NGO\n\n\n**23** International NGO partners, **2** UN agencies,\n**$36.5M** **$1M**\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA** | 2016-2020\n\n\n\n250\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n$196 $199\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPillar 1\n\n\nPillar 2\n\n\nPillar 3\n\n\nPillar 4\n\n\n\n**100** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **101**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data collection\nefforts", - "confidence": 0.6470723152160645, - "start": 422, - "end": 425 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9148772358894348, - "start": 359, - "end": 360 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected populations", - "confidence": 0.5018881559371948, - "start": 435, - "end": 437 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.7966565489768982, - "start": 927, - "end": 931 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTHERN AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.5526451468467712, - "start": 929, - "end": 931 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9798046350479126, - "start": 945, - "end": 946 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016-2020", - "confidence": 0.8001786470413208, - "start": 934, - "end": 935 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **SOUTHERN AFRICA**\n\n\n\n**BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOUTHERN AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Regional Bureau and activities cover the whole Southern Africa region.\n2 Includes activities in Botswana and South Africa and also covers without a country presence the Comoros, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Namibia and the Seychelles.\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOUTHERN AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Notes:\n\n\n\n1) Contributions include 6.5% indirect support costs.\n\n\n\n2) Overall contributions to Africa have been apportioned to the three regions of Africa.\n\n\n\n3) Includes a total of $0.2 million acknowledged in past years for activities with implementation in 2020 and excludes $2.8 million acknowledged in 2020 for activities with implementation in 2021 and beyond.\n\n\n\n4) Includes contributions earmarked to the Democratic Republic of the Congo situation.\n\n\n\n**102** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **103**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/badad694-1bdf-3abd-a352-3599f8851509/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_701/raw/doc_701_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_701/raw/doc_701_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 03eb6d0578b0f4c027f5bcd0424ebe2d7720bfc9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_701/raw/doc_701_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\nR E G I O N A L S U M M A R I E S\n# **West and** **Central Africa**\n\n\n###### I don't need anything except education for my children.\n## \u201d\n\n\n## \u201c\n\n\n\n**\u2014Aishetu,** Nigerian IDP\n\n\n\n_Aishetu fled her village in north-east Nigeria with her eight children after her_\n_husband was murdered by an armed group that threatened to kill her as well. Now_\n_she lives in Bakassi IDP camp where she runs her own small shop selling snacks_\n_and sodas. She not only provides for her own family, but also cares for 16 IDP_\n_children orphaned by the same violence that left her a widow. She hopes that_\n_through education, her children can grow and help those around them._\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Roland Sch\u00f6nbauer\n\n\n**104** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **105**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\n\n\n\n#### MAJOR SITUATIONS IN 2020\n\n**THE SAHEL**\n\n\n\n\n\nREFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS\nIN BURKINA FASO, CHAD,\nMALI, MAURITANIA AND NIGER\n\n\n\n\n\nIn 2020, the severe humanitarian and protection crisis in the Sahel region was exacerbated by the pandemic.\nIntensified violence and sociopolitical tensions caused further displacement, increasing IDP numbers by 80%.\nDevastating droughts, floods and other climate-related hazards left thousands without shelter.\n\nUNHCR and partners prioritized prevention and response to gender-based violence, shelter, core relief items,\neducation and environmental protection efforts. In line with its Sahel strategy, UNHCR increased\ngender-based violence prevention and response programming, conducting safety audits and assessments\nand setting up mobile clinics. 791 survivors received medical care and 825 received psychosocial support.\n154,000 people got shelter support and almost 80,000 people of concern received core relief items.\n\nUNHCR supported the intergovernmental Bamako Process which aims to enhance the protection\nenvironment in the Sahel. Jointly with the Danish Refugee Council and over 20 other protection actors,\nUNHCR also developed Project 21, a harmonized protection monitoring project piloted in Burkina Faso, Mali\nand Niger to enhance evidence-based programming in the Sahel.\n\n\n**NIGERIA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**666,000**\nIDP AND REFUGEE RETURNEES\n**138,000**\nOTHER PEOPLE OF CONCERN\n\n\n\n**1.5 million**\nIDPs IN BURKINA FASO, MALI\nAND WESTERN NIGER\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**20,318 people of concern**\n**received livelihoods support.**\n\n\n\n\n\n**registration or documentation.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Lake Chad Basin\u2019s volatile and precarious security situation impeded humanitarian access and protection\nin 2020. Displacement in border areas between Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria increased IDP numbers\nby 13% to over 2.9 million and refugee numbers by 10% to 305,000.\n\nUNHCR maintained emergency assistance and emphasized medium-term responses including civil\nregistration, documentation, social cohesion, resilience and self-reliance. An adapted protection strategy\nfocused on access to territory and asylum, non-refoulement and prevention and response to gender-based\nviolence. UNHCR\u2019s response provided 40,000 households with core relief items, and 20,318 people got\nstart-up materials, loans or training as livelihoods support. UNHCR monitored protection in all four countries,\nwith 9,247 protection monitoring missions in Nigeria alone. UNHCR led all four countries\u2019 Protection Clusters\nand the Shelter/Non-Food Item or Shelter/Camp Coordination and Camp Management Clusters in Cameroon,\nChad, Niger and Nigeria. UNHCR also led its sixth coordinated Nigeria Regional Refugee Response Plan,\nbringing together 40 partners to provide life-saving humanitarian assistance, protection and resilience\nprogrammes to almost 305,000 Nigerian refugees and their hosts in Cameroon, Chad and Niger.\n\n\n**CAMEROON**\n\n\n\n\n\nREFUGEES IN\nTHE LAKE CHAD BASIN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2.9 million**\nIDPs IN THE FAR NORTH OF\nCAMEROON, SOUTH-WESTERN\nCHAD AND NORTH-EASTERN\nNIGERIA\n\n\n\n\n\n**3,020 Cameroonian refugees**\n**received livelihoods support.**\n\n\n\n**People of concern | 2015-2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Monthly evolution of funding | 2020**\n\nUnearmarked Softly earmarked Earmarked Tightly earmarked\n\n\n500\n\n\n\n\n\n**361,000**\nREFUGEE AND IDP RETURNEES\n\n\n\nCAMEROONIAN\nREFUGEES IN NIGERIA\n\n\n\n\n\n**711,000**\nIDPs IN SOUTH-WEST AND\nNORTH-WEST CAMEROON\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugees\n\nStateless persons\n\n10\n\n\n8\n\n\n6\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nAsylum-seekers IDPs\n\nReturnees (refugees and IDPs) Others of concern\n\n\n\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n\n\n\nCENTRAL AFRICAN REFUGEES\nAND ASYLUM-SEEKERS\nIN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES\n\n\n\n400\n\n\n300\n\n\n200\n\n\n100\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**682,000**\n\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\n\nThe crisis in Cameroon\u2019s North-West and South-West regions persisted, with a 5% rise in IDPs and a \u0003\n22% increase in Cameroonian refugees in Nigeria, where UNHCR assisted more than 50,000 Cameroonians,\nproviding food assistance in refugee settlements and coordinating out-of-camp approaches with local\nauthorities to strengthen national services and support displaced populations and their hosts in south-east\nNigeria. UNHCR distributed core relief items to 7,582 IDP households in Cameroon and supported\nGovernment efforts to provide documentation to IDPs and returning populations, ensuring that 2,874 IDPs\nreceived identity documents. UNHCR undertook protection monitoring and set up a gender-based violence\nresponse adapted to COVID-19 and security risks.\n\n\n**CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC**\n\n\nUNHCR supported almost 5,000 Central African refugees\u2019 return journey in early 2020, as the 2019 peace\nagreement encouraged some refugees to voluntarily repatriate. But conflict erupted around December\u2019s\nelections, displacing 50,000 people and prompting UNHCR to suspend its voluntary repatriation activities\nfrom Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which had resumed in November after a\nseven-month halt due to COVID-19.\n\nUNHCR operations in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of the Congo and the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo scaled up their response with shelter support, core relief items, as well as\nsupport for health care and water and sanitation infrastructure to respond to the pandemic. UNHCR also led\nthe Protection, Shelter/Non-Food Item and Camp Coordination and Camp Management Clusters to ensure\na comprehensive response.\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n**106** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **107**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\n### KEY RESULTS AND TRENDS IN 2020\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **PROGRAMMATIC** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n\n\n**CHILD PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n\n**2,021** unaccompanied or separated\nchildren had a best interests assessment\n\n\n**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n**TRENDS** IN RESPONSE\n\n**Cash assistance by sector in Africa | 2016-2020**\n\nBasic needs Seasonal grants Life-saving support Solutions\n\n\n2020\n\n\n2019\n\n\n\n1.6\n\n1.4\n\n1.2\n1.0\n\n0.8\n\n0.6\n\n0.4\n0.2\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1,286** gender-based violence incidents\nreported for which survivors received\npsychosocial counselling.\n\n\n**CORE RELIEF ITEMS**\n\n**65,227** households provided with core\nrelief items.\n**39,919** women received sanitary\nmaterials.\n\n\n**HEALTH***\n\n**0.39** under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000\nunder-5s per month) in refugee camps.\n\n\n\n\n\n2018\n\n\n2017\n\n\n2016\n\n\n\n**Individual registration records | 2016-2020**\n\n\nIndividual registration records in PRIMES proGres v4\nindividuals (5 years and above) with biometric records in PRIMES\n\n\nIn millions\n\n\n\nUSD millions\n***Including **$19.7** **million** in the **West and Central Africa** region.\n\n\n\n**Resettlement departures | 2016-2020**\n\n\nIndividuals\n\n5,000\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n**96%** of births in refugee camps were\n\n\n\n\n\n**SHELTER**\n\n**159,111** people of concern received\nemergency shelter.\n**37%** of households lived in adequate\ndwellings.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**16.3** litres of potable water available on\naverage per person per day in refugee\ncamps.\n\n**24%** of households had a drop-hole\nlatrine or drop-hole toilet.\n\n\n**EDUCATION** [**]\n\n**165,024** children enrolled in primary\neducation.\n**30,493** students enrolled in secondary\neducation.\n**695** people of concern received tertiary\neducation scholarships.\n\n\n**SELF-RELIANCE**\n\n**8,990** people of concern enrolled in\nvocational training.\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY RETURNS**\n\n**9,493** people of concern assisted to\nreturn voluntarily.\n\n\n**RESETTLEMENT**\n\n**1,858** resettlement submissions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4,000\n\n\n3,000\n\n\n2,000\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*Two countries reporting in 2020, compared to three countries reporting in 2019._\n\n_**While enrolment rates for the school year were high, a majority of those enrolled did not attend school due to COVID-19 restrictions._\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019S **COVID-19** RESPONSE\n\n\n\n**4,550,163** refugees, IDPs and\nother people of concern accessed\nprotection services.\n\n\n**1,029,958** refugees, IDPs and\nother people of concern received\ncash assistance related to the impact\nof COVID-19.\n\n\n\n**1,051,337** refugees and other\npeople of concern received essential\nhealth care services.\n\n\n**228,843** women and girls\naccessed sexual and reproductive\nhealth services.\n\n\n\n**113,481** refugees and other people **30,419** children 6-59 months **45,951** children and youth supported\nof concern provided with mental admitted for treatment of moderate with distance/home-based learning.\nhealth and psychosocial support acute malnutrition.\nservices.\n\n\n\n**15** country operations reported all\ngeographic areas inhabited by people\nof concern were reached by COVID-19\ninformation campaigns.\n\n\n\n**14,921** children 6-59 months\nadmitted for treatment of severe acute\nmalnutrition.\n\n\n\n**200,309** refugee children and\nyouth out of school due to mandatory\nschool closures.\n\n\n\n**108** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **109**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\n\n##### KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND IMPACT\n\n\n\nable to depart for resettlement in 2020.\nThis achievement was made possible by\nthe rapid rollout of COVID-19 prevention\nmeasures and remote interview\nprocedures. Focused information sharing\nand counselling efforts targeted those\naffected by resettlement departure\ndelays. Reinforcement of anti-fraud\nprevention, detection and response\nmechanisms, in line with UNHCR\u2019s policy\naddressing fraud, ensured robust levels of\nintegrity within resettlement activities\nacross key resettlement operations.\n\n\nEnsuring protection and durable\nsolutions for IDPs\n\nThe number of IDPs in West and Central\nAfrica increased by 28% in 2020, largely\ndue to escalating violence in central Sahel\ncountries, where some 1.1 million IDPs were\ndriven from their homes in Burkina Faso\nalone. The Lake Chad Basin situation and\ncontinued instability in Cameroon and the\nCentral African Republic were also major\ndrivers of internal displacement, and in\nChad, 336,000 people were internally\ndisplaced in 2020.\n\n\nIn response to the situation in the central\nSahel, UNHCR and partners provided some\n115,000 people with essential health care\nservices and almost 14,000 people (including\nchildren, parents and primary caregivers)\nwith mental health and psychosocial\nsupport. Around 13,400 households found\nto be most vulnerable and affected by\nCOVID-19 were provided with livelihoods\nsupport. In addition, around 106,300 people\nof concern received shelter support and\nsome 15,906 households were provided\nwith core relief items and unrestricted\ncash grants, while over 850,000 people\nbenefited from protection services.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s renewed engagement in IDP\nresponses is expected to help in\naddressing critical needs, particularly\nwhere there is a surge in internal\ndisplacement, and to engage more States\non durable solutions where there are\nprotracted IDP situations.\n\n\n\nSafeguarding access to protection\nand asylum\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR worked to maintain\naccess to asylum in all countries in West\nand Central Africa amid widespread\nborder closures due to the pandemic.\nEfforts to strengthen national asylum\nsystems yielded significant improvements\nin Chad and Niger.\n\n\nA new asylum law was adopted in Chad\nthat aimed to strengthen protection of the\n483,000 refugees and asylum-seekers\ncurrently residing in the country. It will\nalso guide the establishment of an\nefficient national asylum system, pursued\nunder the Asylum Capacity Support\nGroup mechanism, and a fair refugee\nstatus determination process.\n\n\nA new technical committee to reform the\ninstitutional and normative asylum system\nin Niger was established.\n\n\nResponding with life-saving\nassistance\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR mobilized to respond to\nthe pandemic across West and Central\nAfrica. UNHCR supported the\nconstruction of over 50 isolation and\nquarantine centres and the rehabilitation\nor construction of 60 health facilities,\nincluding in Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria\nand Senegal. It also helped to train over\n500 community health workers and\n200 health professionals across the region\nand contributed to the rehabilitation and\nequipping of 30 COVID-19 treatment\ncentres, including in Burkina Faso,\nCameroon, Chad, Guinea, Nigeria and\nTogo. In total, over 1 million refugees\nand other people of concern received\nessential health care services across the\nregion in 2020.\n\n\nThe pandemic exacerbated many of the\nprotection issues faced by people of\n\n\n\nconcern in the region, prompting UNHCR\nto innovate, adapt and reprioritize its\napproach to assistance delivery. In\nresponse to increasing reports of\ngender-based violence, UNHCR\nexpanded its services and accessibility.\nMobile clinics were set up with teams\nof specialists who provided medical,\npsychosocial, legal and material support\nto over 2,000 survivors by visiting safely\naccessible locations. Remote services\nwere also made available by phone and\nWhatsApp, and community-led activities\nwere strengthened to prevent child\nmarriage, female genital mutilation and\ndomestic violence.\n\n\nAfter schools closed in March 2020\ndue to COVID-19, UNHCR quickly\ndeveloped and implemented distance\nlearning programmes that reached over\n100,000 refugee, IDP and host community\nchildren. Crucial support was also\nprovided for schools to reopen safely,\nincluding water, sanitation and hygiene\ninterventions in 380 schools and the\ntraining of around 2,000 teachers to\nensure safe practices. The return to\nschool was also supported through\ncommunity messaging, grants and cash\nassistance, transportation allowances\nand distribution of school kits.\n\n\nViolence and civil unrest continued to\ntrigger forced displacement throughout\nthe region, and UNHCR continued to\nprovide life-saving assistance despite\nthe difficult context. More than\n150,000 people received emergency\nshelter, and over 300,000 received core\nrelief items. UNHCR was able to\nbiometrically register more than 1.2 million\npeople across the region in a COVIDsensitive manner by implementing\nphysical distancing policies, requiring\nand distributing masks, and incorporating\nadditional sanitation measures.\n\n\n\nSeeking durable solutions for\nprotracted refugee situations\n\nFinding durable solutions remained a\npriority across the region. Despite\nsecurity challenges, the Government of\nNiger and UNHCR were able to close\nMalian refugee camps in early 2020 as\nrefugees integrated in host communities.\nThis initiative was supported through\npartnerships with development actors.\nThe multi-year Refugees and Host\nCommunities Support Project programme,\nfinanced by the World Bank and\nsupported by UNHCR, benefited over\n160,000 refugees and host community\nmembers in Niger by funding livelihoods\nopportunities and strengthening access\nto basic public services. A total of\n6,800 refugees in Chad received similar\nsupport from the World Bank and the\nGovernment of Chad, and similar projects\nwere underway in Burkina Faso and\nCameroon. In Chad, UNHCR continued\nimplementing its \u201calternatives to camp\u201d\ninitiative, which works to sustainably\nintegrate new arrivals into host villages\nand aims to convert 30% of refugee\ncamps into villages by 2024. In Ghana,\nnearly 2,000 former Liberian refugees had\ntheir five-year residency permits renewed\nthanks to UNHCR\u2019s continued advocacy,\nallowing them to continue to work legally.\n\n\nAlthough voluntary repatriation efforts were\nseverely impacted due to COVID-related\nborder closures and post-electoral violence\nforced UNHCR to suspend its return\nprogrammes in the region, UNHCR assisted\nalmost 5,000 Central African refugees and\naround 330 Ivorian refugees to return\nhome in the first half of 2020. Additionally,\nmore than 5,000 Malian refugees decided\nto return to Mali due to the dire security\nsituation in Burkina Faso, and were assisted\nby UNHCR through documentation, a cash\ngrant for transportation, and a reintegration\ngrant upon arrival.\n\n\nDespite travel restrictions linked to the\nCOVID-19 pandemic, over 990 of the most\nvulnerable refugees in the region were\n\n\n\n**110** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **111**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\n\n\nReducing and preventing\nstatelessness\n\nEfforts to address statelessness\ncontinued to bear tangible results in\nterms of data collection, legal reforms and\nresearch. A 2019 mapping exercise in\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire revealed that over\n954,000 persons were stateless or at\nimmediate risk of statelessness,\nhighlighting the severity of the issue. In\nSeptember 2020, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire became\nthe first African country to establish\nstatelessness determination procedures.\nThis will allow stateless individuals to\naccess the rights enshrined in the 1954\nStatelessness Convention. The\nGovernments of Nigeria and Sierra Leone\nalso adopted national action plans to\naddress statelessness.\n\n\nIn Mali, recommendations from the final\nreport of the study on statelessness will\nhelp inform the country\u2019s national action\nplan. In December 2020, a stocktaking\nevent was convened by the Economic\nCommunity of West African States\n(ECOWAS), the Economic and Monetary\nCommunity of Central Africa (CEMAC) and\nUNHCR, during which a regional roadmap\nwas adopted to guide the implementation\nof the pledges made at the High-Level\nSegment on Statelessness.\n\n\n\nIn 2020, 60 trainees from 30 countries\nparticipated in the second statelessness\nand nationality course in French, which\nwas organized by the Catholic University\nof Central Africa and UNHCR in Cameroon.\n\n\nImplementing pledges made at the\nGlobal Refugee Forum\n\nOf the 133 pledges relating to West and\nCentral Africa made at the High-Level\nSegment on Statelessness in October\n2019 and at the Global Refugee Forum in\nDecember 2019, one was fulfilled in 2020\nand six are in progress.\n\n\nChad\u2019s asylum law made it one of the\nfirst countries in the region to fulfil a\npledge made during the 2019 Global\nRefugee Forum. The law ensures\nfundamental protections for refugees\nand asylum-seekers, including freedom\nof movement, the right to work and\naccess to health care, education, and\njustice, and conforms to international\nstandards enshrined in the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and its Protocol and the\n1969 OAU Convention on Refugees.\nThe Asylum Capacity Support Group\nreinforced the capacities of Chad and\nNiger's asylum systems, with the support\nof France.\n\n\n\nFINANCIAL INFORMATION\n\n\nConsequences of underfunding\n\nThe effects of underfunding were\nreflected in the response to the COVID-19\nemergency. Throughout the region,\noperations struggled to mobilize\nresources to respond to the secondary\neffects of the health crisis: an increase\nin incidence of gender-based violence,\na rapid reduction in livelihoods\nopportunities, and thousands of displaced\nchildren out of school due to the\npandemic.\n\n\nIn 2020, underfunding in the Central\nAfrican Republic meant that two out of every\nthree IDPs (more than 400,000 people)\nwere not able to receive important core\nrelief items and shelter support. Cameroon\nhosted more than 316,000 Central African\nrefugees by the end of 2020, but over\n60% did not receive food assistance,\n30% did not have access to safe drinking\nwater, and 34% of refugees still lived in\nsubstandard emergency shelters due to a\n\n\n\nlack of funding. Despite increased health\nneeds due to the COVID-19 pandemic,\nthere were 40 health centres in\nCameroon that UNHCR was not able to\nfinancially support.\n\n\nThe effects of underfunding were also\nsignificant in the Nigeria situation.\nAn estimated 36,000 IDPs in Niger\u2019s Diffa\nregion were not registered due to lack of\nfunding. In Nigeria, of nearly 210,000 IDP\nhouseholds surveyed, more than 20%\nwere living in damaged or makeshift\nshelters.\n\n\nThe repercussions of underfunding\nwere profoundly felt in the Sahel. While\nviolence and the COVID-19 pandemic\nkept thousands of displaced children out\nof school in the region, 80% did not have\naccess to distance learning programmes.\nIn Mali, UNHCR was only able to address\nthe shelter and core relief item needs of\n30% of the displaced population.\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** | 2016-2020\n\n\n\n**EXPENDITURE VIA PARTNERS** | 2020\n\n\n**$163.7 million** spent via **117** partners in\nWest and Central Africa\n\n\n**31** Government **48** National NGO\npartners, **$14M** partners, **$58M**\n\n\n**38** International NGO partners,\n**$91.7M**\n\n\n\n2016 2017 2018 2019 2020\n\n\n\n450\n\n\n400\n\n\n350\n\n\n300\n\n\n250\n\n\n200\n\n\n150\n\n\n100\n\n\n50\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n$442\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPillar 1\n\n\nPillar 2\n\n\nPillar 3\n\n\nPillar 4\n\n\n\n**112** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **113**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.7158637046813965, - "start": 139, - "end": 142 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire", - "confidence": 0.9322335720062256, - "start": 51, - "end": 55 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9672600030899048, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless individuals", - "confidence": 0.8349515795707703, - "start": 100, - "end": 102 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5834603905677795, - "start": 821, - "end": 824 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.606475293636322, - "start": 823, - "end": 824 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9790127277374268, - "start": 795, - "end": 796 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA**\n\n\n\n**BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1) Regional Bureau and regional activities cover the whole of West and Central Africa region.\n\n\n\n2) Coordinates activities in Cameroon and Gabon and also covers Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe without presence in the latter countries.\n\n\n\n3) Coordinates activities in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Togo and also covers Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia and Sierra Leone without presence in the latter countries.\n\n\n\n**VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** | USD\n\n\n**PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Notes:\n\n\n\n1) Contributions include 6.5% indirect support costs.\n\n\n\n2) Overall contributions to Africa have been apportioned to the three regions of Africa.\n\n\n\n3) Includes a total of $8.0 million acknowledged in past years for activities with implementation in 2020 and excludes $12.6 million acknowledged in 2020 for activities with implementation in 2021 and beyond.\n\n\n\n4) Includes contributions earmarked to the Central African Republic, Nigeria and Sahel situations.\n\n\n\n**114** UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020 **115**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2020", - "confidence": 0.7973347306251526, - "start": 287, - "end": 291 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5670979619026184, - "start": 289, - "end": 290 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6223582625389099, - "start": 287, - "end": 288 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8751010298728943, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6682787537574768, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a53b4613-9293-3de2-bb2f-57045c263f71/UNHCR%20Global%20Report%202020%20-%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_702/raw/doc_702_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_702/raw/doc_702_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bd6024f7fd8f5f79b20b18a0516d2f81b512a464..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_702/raw/doc_702_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1429 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN** **Conflict- Induced** **Internally Displaced Persons** **in Afghanistan** **Interpretation of Data as of 31 May 2012**\n\nThis Internal Displacement Country Profile is generated from the online Population Movement Tracking (PMT)\ndatabase. It includes an overview and analysis of the internal displacement situation in the country prepared by\nUNHCR.\nUNHCR gathers and analyzes data and information from a wide variety of sources including the Ministry of\nRefugees and Repatriation (MoRR), Provincial Departments of Refugees and Repatriation (DoRRs) and NGOs.\n\n\n**UNHCR Representation in Afghanistan**\n\n**July 2012**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online Population Movement Tracking", - "confidence": 0.6534882187843323, - "start": 47, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.5156649947166443, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PMT", - "confidence": 0.9854310750961304, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9995469450950623, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9947609305381775, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9740217924118042, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.9863572120666504, - "start": 15, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**Table of Contents**\n\n\n**I** **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 3**\n\n\n**II** **INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT CONTEXT ................................................................. 4**\n\n\n**III** **REPORT BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 7**\n\n\n**IV** **FINDINGS OF THE REPORT ...................................................................................... 8**\n\n\n1 IDP POPULATION BY REGION OF DISPLACEMENT ........................................ 8\n2 IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF DISPLACEMENT ............................... 10\n3 IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF ORIGIN .............................................. 11\n4 IDP POPULATION BY AGE AND GENDER ....................................................... 13\n5 IDP POPULATION BY ETHNICITY .................................................................... 14\n6 PROTECTION CONCERNS REPORTED BY CONFLICT-INDUCED\nDISPLACED .......................................................................................................... 15\n7 REPORTED CAUSES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT ................................... 16\n8 SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS ................................................................................. 17\n9 ACCESS TO HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ................................................... 18\n10 ASSISTANCE TO CONFLICT-INDUCED IDPS .................................................. 19\n\n\n**V** **CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 20**\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**I.** **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\nThis report on Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Persons in Afghanistan is a collation of\ninformation on conflict-induced internal displacement as of 31 May 2012. This complements\nthe monthly data updates produced by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n(UNHCR) on Internal Displacement due to conflict. UNHCR plans to publish these reports at\nregular intervals, as the data on conflict induced Internally Displaced persons (IDPs) evolves\nwith the changing context in the country.\n\nIn light of reports indicating an increased trend in conflict induced displacement, UNHCR\nconducted a review of displacement trends, concerns and figures of IDPs through its field\noffices. The initial outcomes indicated the need for updated data, in order to improve the\noperational planning and response mechanisms. A profiling/ data cleaning exercise was thus\nlaunched in late 2011, and was concluded on 31 May 2012.\n\nArmed conflict and general insecurity have led to conflict-induced internal displacements\nacross the country in the last 30 years. However, since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001,\na significant increase in internal displacement has been witnessed in the last few years. The\nSouthern, Eastern and the Western regions are primarily affected and continue to produce the\nmajority of conflict-induced internal displacement cases in Afghanistan. In recent years, the\nrelatively less insecure Northern and Central regions have also recorded internal displacement\ndue to the conflict.\n\nToday, Afghan IDPs face a number of protection challenges due to decades of armed conflict,\nhuman rights violations, and general insecurity and tribal conflict, which continue to trigger\nflight from places of origin to areas of safety. Access to a significant majority of IDPs is\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9782972931861877, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8797544240951538, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8235040307044983, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6299559473991394, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9900001883506775, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9860718846321106, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.6431551575660706, - "start": 23, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiling/ data cleaning exercise", - "confidence": 0.8805291056632996, - "start": 152, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8961570262908936, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.6359223127365112, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.628324031829834, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nbeyond the reach of humanitarian organizations, as most of these displacements are within\nnon-accessible and/ or remote areas.\n\nDue to limited possibilities of speedy return and often linked with deteriorated conditions in\ndisplacement, IDP groups end up in _prolonged displacement_ . Many of them also seek to move\nto other locations for livelihoods, thus leading to _secondary displacement_ (and even _tertiary_\n_displacement_ ). This may include movement to urban areas, where IDPs are indistinguishable\nfrom the masses of urban poor. This report does not include an assessment of urban IDPs, nor\nof situations of secondary or tertiary displacement.\n\nThe last National Profile of Internal Displacement was undertaken in 2008, in relation to the\nrecommendation made by the former Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human\nRights of Internally Displaced Persons, Walter Kalin, during his visit to Afghanistan in 2007.\n\nThe current exercise has determined that \u2013 as of end May 2012 - an estimated **396,808**\n**persons/ 62,308 families** across the country remain internally displaced due to reasons of\nconflict. A total of 32% of the reported conflict-induced IDPs originate from the South, while\n23% are from the West followed by 24% from the East. The top 10 provinces of displacement\nare currently led by the South at 34%, followed by the East at 24% and West at 23%. The\nmajority of the recorded IDP populations belong to the Pashtun ethnicity. A total of 36% of\nIDPs refer to armed conflict and 37% refer to general insecurity as the key causes of their\ndisplacement. A total of 12% cite internal tribal conflict, impact of cross border shelling,\nextortion, illegal-taxation and land disputes as causes of displacement.\n\nThe number of new conflict-induced IDPs has been rising steadily since 2009 and 80% of the\ntotal reported conflict-induced IDPs claim to have been displaced between June 2009 and\nMay 2012. These figures are widely considered to be under-represented. _The current data_\n_excludes those displaced in urban, semi-urban areas as well as those displaced in non-_\n_accessible insecure locations and does not track individual or household movements._\n\nFollowing the conclusion of the data update and of the data cleaning exercise, it was found\nthat the figure has been reduced by 125,350 IDPs. This change affected mostly the South,\nWest and the North. This reduction is due to re-verification (\u201edata cleaning\u201f) undertaken as\npart of the profiling exercise. This has shown the absence of particular IDP groups from their\nlast recorded place of displacement. It is not known whether the earlier reported IDPs have\nreturned to their places of origin or have gone into further secondary displacement to urban\nareas or elsewhere within the country.\n\nThe Profiling Report is thus a compilation of data collected by the IDP Task Forces (UNHCR\nand MoRR) since inception and is accompanied by a re-verification/ data clean up exercise to\nascertain current IDP groups.\n\n\n**II.** **Internal Displacement Context**\n\nConflict, insecurity, human rights violations and natural disasters continue to trigger internal\ndisplacement in Afghanistan. Complex causes result in flight of civilians, while challenging\nconditions confront those in displacement. Afghan IDPs [1] options for a secure and dignified\nlife are limited, especially since not all durable solutions are readily available. The lack of an\nIDP legislation or National IDP Policy has challenged the coordination of humanitarian and\n\n\n1 Refer to durable solution part of this report\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded IDP populations", - "confidence": 0.7484270930290222, - "start": 268, - "end": 271 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Walter Kalin", - "confidence": 0.7471210956573486, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8937435150146484, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7506504654884338, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5887042880058289, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data update", - "confidence": 0.5543532967567444, - "start": 408, - "end": 410 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6616293787956238, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Profiling Report", - "confidence": 0.9939268231391907, - "start": 514, - "end": 516 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6191345453262329, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDP Task Forces", - "confidence": 0.654577374458313, - "start": 525, - "end": 528 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.92194664478302, - "start": 581, - "end": 582 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP groups", - "confidence": 0.6837305426597595, - "start": 471, - "end": 473 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\ndevelopment responses to IDPs. Compounding the situation is the limited capacity and ad-hoc\nrole of the Government of Afghanistan (GoA), in the prevention, mitigation and pursuit of\nsolutions for the internally displaced.\n\nIt is in this context, that the international humanitarian community has over the past decade\nprovided support to the Government of Afghanistan (GoA), through the Ministry of Refugees\nand Repatriation (MoRR). Response measures initiated in 2003 until 2008 were primarily\nfocused upon the achievement of durable solutions for the protracted IDP situation [2] after the\nfall of the previous regime. They included humanitarian action for facilitation of voluntary\nreturn, identification and aid to the most vulnerable and, in rare cases, support for local\nintegration. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and MoRR in 2009 collaborated closely to\nestablish a National, as well as Regional IDP Task Forces (TF) across the country. The\nmembers of these IDP TFs include NGOs, UN agencies and GoA bodies across the country\nand donors at the national level. The National and Regional IDP TFs continue to be cochaired by MoRR and UNHCR. The overall goal of these task forces is to engage all relevant\nstakeholders in efforts to address causes of international displacement and to secure principled\ndurable solutions, protection and assistance for those already displaced.\n\nWith the resurgence of the conflict and its spread to most parts of the country, increasing\nnumbers of IDPs have been reported since 2009 till date. These IDPs also include several\nrefugee returnee groups from Pakistan, who have gone into situations of internal\ndisplacement. It also includes, IDPs who have moved into secondary displacement due to\nconflict/ insecurity expanding into their places of displacement and/ or for reasons of\nlivelihoods. It is estimated that a number of IDPs in secondary displacement end up in urban\ncenters.\n\nHowever, although reports of IDPs in urban areas abound, these IDPs have been difficult to\nidentify, as they remain scattered across Afghan towns and cities. A joint study to review the\nscale and nature of this displacement into urban was conducted by the World Bank and\nUNHCR in 2011, and it provided insights into the causes of displacement and deplorable\nconditions confronting urban IDPs. [3] Following the impact of a harsh winter, the media\nspotlight in early 2012 focused on IDPs in urban slums in Kabul.\n\nIt must be noted, that the data examined in this report primarily focuses on conflict-induced\nIDPs residing in rural areas. The protection and assistance needs of those scattered in urban\nand semi-urban areas and in inaccessible areas in zones of active conflict or insecurity are not\nexamined.\n\nFollowing consultations within the Government, the National IDP task force acknowledged in\nMarch 2012 that there is a need for a National IDP Policy for Afghanistan. [4] Subsequent\ndevelopments have resulted in the establishment of an IDP Policy Working Group chaired by\nthe Deputy Minister, MoRR. The IDP Policy WG aims to guide the development of a\nGovernment Policy for the prevention of displacement, response to needs during displacement\nand sustainable durable solutions for the displaced in Afghanistan. [5]\n\n\n2 A protracted displacement caseload still exists today of about 75,000 people internally displaced primarily from the period prior to the fall\nof the Taliban in 2001. The causes of displacement are due to the Soviet-Afghan conflict and the Mujahadeen factions conflict in the 1990s.\nUNHCR Afghanistan classifies pre-2002 caseloads as **\u2018protracted\u2019** in its data management.\n3 Refer to World Bank/UNHCR report on Urban settings **[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/05/16257782/afghanistan-](http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/05/16257782/afghanistan-research-study-idps-urban-settings)**\n**[research-study-idps-urban-settings](http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/05/16257782/afghanistan-research-study-idps-urban-settings)** and for further reading refer, Amnesty International 2012 Report\n**[http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/afghanistan/report-2012](http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/afghanistan/report-2012)** **.**\n4 Refer, minutes of the March National IDP TF 2012 at : **http://afg.humanitarianresponse.info/clusters/Protection**\n5 Refer TOR of the IDP Policy WG at: **http://afg.humanitarianresponse.info/clusters/Protection**\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports of IDPs in urban areas", - "confidence": 0.6505300402641296, - "start": 348, - "end": 354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.6618500351905823, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghan towns and cities", - "confidence": 0.704118549823761, - "start": 369, - "end": 373 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9819316864013672, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5181657075881958, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nThe changing IDP context is best demonstrated through the chart below which shows trends\nof internal displacement reported from January 2010 to May 2012. [6]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe monthly trend in the above chart indicates that February and September 2010 were\nreported as peak periods for internal displacement. However, the overall trend in 2010\nremained low compared to 2011 and 2012. The trend in 2011 witnessed displacement of large\nnumbers across the country in the first six months; this is an increase of 45% compared to\ndisplacement levels in 2010. This upward trend has continued in the first four months of\n2012, with an increase in the overall numbers of IDPs reported. It is only in May that there\nhas been a drop in displacement in comparison to the first four months of 2012.\n\nThe rational behind the continuous increase of conflict-induced internal displacement across\nthe country is due to an increase of ground military operations, flight due to fear of\npersecution and intimidation in hitherto stable areas becoming insecure, and displacement due\nto cross border shelling from Pakistan.\n\nThe Southern, Eastern, and Western regions of Afghanistan continue, in 2012, to witness the\nmajority of conflict induced internal displacement. The armed conflict and general insecurity\nhas also led to displacements within and from the previously less insecure, Northern and\nCentral regions.\n\nIt is worth noting that the number of people fleeing their places of origin in the Northern and\nWestern regions of the country has more than doubled, between 2010 and 2011. In the West\nparticularly, a significant portion of the displacement is based on the notion of _\u2018preventative_\n_flight\u2019_ in anticipation of persecution. This form of displacement is one of the most difficult to\ntrack, as the flight often occurs in the form of individuals or families leaving (trickling out),\nrather than group movement. In addition, individual families are difficult to track as they are\nscattered and often staying with host families in places of displacement.\n\n\n6\nThis chart is not an absolute indication of events that may have occurred in the month in which the displacement is reported. Limitations of\nhumanitarian access result in delayed information flow between the time in which the displacement may have occurred, and the time when\nthe information was obtained, and verified.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**III.** **Report Background**\n\nThis report does not cover several complex questions of internal displacement such as urban\ndisplacement and displacement in remote and inaccessible areas. It provides updated\ninformation on conflict-induced internal displacement across the rest of the country. It\nfurthermore provides narrative and disaggregated details on the IDP data shared monthly by\nUNHCR. This report also demonstrates the challenges in data gathering and information\nsharing by members of the IDP TFs.\n\nNeed for a more concrete and reliable IDP data collection and reporting mechanism has long\nbeen felt, especially in light of heightened insecurity and reports of increasing conflictinduced displacements. As mentioned earlier, the last profiling report undertaken in 2008 was\nmore of a desk review rather than an attempt to evaluate real time IDP situation in the field.\n\nOrdinarily coordination of data management, as well as planning and implementation of\nresponses to IDPs, has been undertaken through MoRR and UNHCR led IDP taskforces\nacross the country. Challenges on the collation of data and its reporting were confronted in\n2011 by MoRR and UNHCR and substantial progress was made on data harmonization for\nconflict-induced displacements. [7] This data harmonization exercise also enabled clarity with\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM), which manages data relating to natural\ndisaster-induced displacements. [8]\n\nIn this regard in 2011, UNHCR piloted a Population Movement and Tracking (PMT)\nmechanism as a tool for live data assessments to enable appropriate tracking of the evolving\nsituation of conflict-induced internal displacement in Afghanistan. The PMT will allow the\nnational IDP taskforces to speedily receive reliable information about the IDP situation in the\ncountry. The PMT needs to be complemented with a regular protection monitoring\nmechanism for gap identification and interventions. This can be best enabled through a\nnetwork of local actors across the country.\n\nGiven the likelihood that the number of IDPs may continue to rise, UNHCR Afghanistan\nconducted through its field offices a review of all reported conflict-induced IDP data in 2011.\nThe initial outcomes indicated a need for an updated IDP profiling to improve operational\nplanning and response mechanisms for the humanitarian community. In order to arrive at a\ncommon understanding of the current conflict-induced IDP caseload and to re-verify (data\nclean) formerly reported data on IDPs, a data cleaning and update exercise was launched in\nlate 2011, which concluded in May 2012. The outcome of this exercise is intended to inform\nUNHCR, MoRR and the humanitarian community, through the IDP TFs, of the current status\nof reported conflict-induced internal displacement in Afghanistan. The outcome is also\nintended for use as a base line for the above mentioned PMT.\n\nGiven limited access to many conflict-induced IDP locations, the figures are estimates. It is\nalso worth noting that Afghan IDPs are highly mobile and therefore, this mobility has\nimpacted data collection at varying points in time.\n\n\n7\nFor further information on the data harmonization process please refer to:\n**[http://ochaonline.un.org/afghanistan/Clusters/Protection/IDPTaskForce/tabid/5731/language/en-US/Default.aspx](http://ochaonline.un.org/afghanistan/Clusters/Protection/IDPTaskForce/tabid/5731/language/en-US/Default.aspx)**\n8\nSince 2009, based on an agreement reached at the Humanitarian coordination level, UNHCR manages the data and coordination of\nresponses to persons displaced due to the conflict while IOM manages natural disaster IDP data and coordination. Both agencies work\nclosely with the Government line Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.8858190178871155, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8135945200920105, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8724234700202942, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5282829999923706, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.7667185664176941, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.897711992263794, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiling report", - "confidence": 0.6685369610786438, - "start": 129, - "end": 131 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5481201410293579, - "start": 130, - "end": 131 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5470831990242004, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.6713920831680298, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9539896845817566, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "conflict-induced IDP data", - "confidence": 0.7012766599655151, - "start": 363, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7877430319786072, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.882851779460907, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9875380992889404, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9281317591667175, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP TFs", - "confidence": 0.6395883560180664, - "start": 456, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7896250486373901, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8776910901069641, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**IV.** **Findings of the Report**\n\n**1** **IDP POPULATION BY REGION OF DISPLACEMENT**\n\nThe IDP Profiling/ Data Cleaning exercise determined that an estimated 396,808 persons/\n62,308 families remained internally displaced due to the conflict across the country until end\nMay, 2012. This is a reduction of over 36,258 persons/8,484 families compared to the\n433,066 persons/70,792 families reported at end 2011.\n\nFollowing the conclusion of the IDP profiling exercise (accompanied by data cleaning), a\ntotal of **125,350 IDPs** were removed from the UNHCR Afghanistan IDP population database.\nThe removed caseloads are divided along the following lines, the South 29%, West 28%,\nNorth 20% East 15%, South-East 5% and in Central region 1%. This reduction is due to the\nre-verification undertaken in late 2011 through early 2012, which showed an absence of\nparticular IDP groups from their last recorded place of displacement. It is not known whether\nthe earlier reported IDPs returned to their places of origin, or went into further secondary\ndisplacement, to urban areas or elsewhere within the country.\n\nThe number of new conflict-induced IDPs has been rising steadily since 2009 and 80% of the\ntotal reported conflict-induced internally displaced claim to have been displaced between June\n2009 and May 2012. These figures are widely considered to be under-represented. The current\ndata excludes those displaced in urban, semi-urban areas; as well as those displaced in nonaccessible insecure locations; and it does not track individual or household movements.\n\nThe IDP population in Afghanistan can be divided into two main categories i.e. _protracted_\n_caseloads_ which refer to those displaced before 31 December 2002, (those displaced due a\nvariety of reasons during the soviet invasion, due to the mujahedeen factional fighting and\nduring the Taliban period) and IDPs that were displaced from 2003 onwards. Amongst the\nprotracted IDPs, the figures have reduced from the earlier reported 117,011 persons to 74,337\npersons. The cause of this reduction needs to be explored further to enable clear\nunderstanding on possible solutions, as well as challenges in protracted displacement. It could\nbe that the vast majority spontaneously returned to places of origin and/or went for secondary\ndisplacement elsewhere, although this cannot be confirmed.\n\nThose who have been displaced by natural disaster have ceased to be reflected in UNHCR\nIDP statistics. This followed a decision at the National IDP Task Force in September 2011\nand led to an understanding with IOM for the removal of 37,219 persons displaced due to\nnatural disasters reported post 2002 from the UNHCR data sheets. IOM now presents monthly\nstatistics on natural disaster induced IDPs.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9775480031967163, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6077756285667419, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8042329549789429, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9730960130691528, - "start": 135, - "end": 136 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9977350234985352, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8927069902420044, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9252683520317078, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "re-verification", - "confidence": 0.6100974678993225, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7507175803184509, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP groups", - "confidence": 0.5940651297569275, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current\ndata", - "confidence": 0.7853304147720337, - "start": 283, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8284538984298706, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP population", - "confidence": 0.5016066431999207, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nIDP statistics", - "confidence": 0.9868628978729248, - "start": 467, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "National IDP Task Force", - "confidence": 0.5241611003875732, - "start": 477, - "end": 481 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6413461565971375, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons displaced due to\nnatural disasters", - "confidence": 0.5951077342033386, - "start": 498, - "end": 504 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data sheets", - "confidence": 0.5584663152694702, - "start": 509, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.8513358235359192, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nThe above table illustrates that 32% of the reported conflict-IDPs reside in the South. The\nSouthern region thus remains the highest IDP populated region in the country, while the\nEastern and Western regions, each host 24% and 23% of the total IDP population\nrespectively. The Northern and North-Eastern regions have recorded 11% of the total IDP\npopulation, while Central and South-Eastern region host 10% of the total recorded IDP\npopulation.\n\nConflict-induced internal displacement in several regions is likely under-reported, such as the\nSouth-East (Khost, Paktika), West (Farah and Ghor) and the South (especially from the\noutlying districts of Kandahar, Helmand, Zabul and Uruzgan provinces). This is largely due to\ninsecurity and presence of insurgents and hence the resultant lack of access for humanitarian\nactors to the districts in these provinces.\n\nThe reported high numbers of conflict-induced displacements in the Southern region are\nlargely attributed to joint military operations, namely Operations Mushtarak, Hamkari,\nDragon etc which were initiated in late 2009, by the International Military (IM) and the\nAfghan National Security Forces (ANSF) in Helmand and Kandahar provinces.\n\nThe expansion of military operations to the West and Northern regions caused increased\nconflict-induced displacement in the provinces of Badghis, Herat, Ghor, Faryab, Jawzjan and\nBalkh through 2011. The further expansion of the armed conflict to the East and the SouthEastern regions continued to cause displacement of civilians from their places of origin during\nthe period January to May 2012. In May 2012, the Central region reported the highest\nincrease in numbers of IDPs (28%), and the Western region showed the second largest\nincrease in conflict-induced displacement.\n\nAnalysis of internal displacement trends and needs is undertaken at the National IDP Task\nForce and shared with relevant stakeholders, on a monthly basis. An operation cell (Operation\nSupport Unit) has also been established at UNHCR Country Office in Kabul to coordinate\nhumanitarian needs assessments and response by IDP TF partners. Gaps remain with regard to\ninformation sharing by humanitarian actors on their plans and delivery of responses.\n\nThe data included in the table below captures the situation of internal displacement due to\nconflict in different regions of the country over a three-year period from 2010 to 2012. It is\nobvious that areas of the country, that traditionally have not witnessed high levels of\ndisplacement, have undergone a significant change (with the exception of the Central\nHighlands).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Data Comparison of IDP Reports 2010 - 2012|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Regions**|**Cumulative at the**
**end of May 2010**|**%**|**Cumulative at the**
**end of May 2011**|**%**|**Cumulative at the**
**end of May 2012**|**%**|\n|North|8,486
|3%|41,439
|10%|44,839
|11%|\n|South|115,202
|36%|174,707
|40%|128,362
|32%|\n|South-east|28,608
|9%|10,522
|2%|6,808
|2%|\n|East|77,626
|24%|82,852
|19%|93,499
|24%|\n|West|85,211
|27%|104,945
|24%|91,440
|23%|\n|Central|6,230
|2%|18,426
|4%|31,860
|8%|\n|Central Highland|145
|0%|175
|0%|-
|0%|\n|**Total**|**321,508**
|**100%**|**433,066**
|**100%**|**396,808**
|**100%**|\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9604169130325317, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6881725192070007, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9560112953186035, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9547831416130066, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "conflict-IDPs", - "confidence": 0.670477569103241, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Reports", - "confidence": 0.9672776460647583, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central\nHighlands", - "confidence": 0.8067359328269958, - "start": 451, - "end": 453 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.8195013999938965, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**2. IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF DISPLACEMENT**\n\nWhere people flee to and for how long is influenced by factors which \u201cpush\u201d them to leave or\n\u201cpull\u201d them to return, or \u201chold\u201d them from going elsewhere. Issues such as humanitarian\nassistance, military roadblocks, insurgent threats and Government led military operations, all\nplay important roles. A high proportion of the Afghan population has been displaced at some\ntime or another, and many have been displaced more than once.\n\nDisplacements in Afghanistan are often spontaneous. For example, IDPs in the South, West\nand East frequently flee their areas of origin in response to an imminent (preventive flight) or\nextreme immediate threat. The protection situation (e.g. threats and intimidation by antigovernment elements or AGEs, illegal taxation, forced recruitment, existence of UXO/Mines\netc.) for IDPs in places of displacement combined with the absence of basic social services\nhas also increased the likelihood of secondary displacement.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|IDP Population by Province of Displacement - May 2012|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Protracted Displacement**
**Before 31 Dec. 2002**|**Protracted Displacement**
**Before 31 Dec. 2002**|**Displacement Post - 31 Dec.**
**2002**|**Displacement Post - 31 Dec.**
**2002**|**Total**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Ind. %**|\n|Badghis|-
|0|1120|6340|1,120
|6,340
|2%|\n|Baghlan|-
|0|172|799|172
|799
|0%|\n|Balkh|-
|0|818|4724|818
|4,724
|1%|\n|Farah|-
|0|746|4773|746
|4,773
|1%|\n|Faryab|-
|0|2792|17916|2,792
|17,916
|5%|\n|Ghazni|-
|0|1800|10800|1,800
|10,800
|3%|\n|Ghor|-
|0|2696|17376|2,696
|17,376
|4%|\n|Hilmand|767
|5958|4979|47639|5,746
|53,597
|14%|\n|Hirat|3,969
|18720|8300|44231|12,269
|62,951
|16%|\n|Jawzjan|-
|0|1504|8181|1,504
|8,181
|2%|\n|Kabul|-
|0|470|2820|470
|2,820
|1%|\n|Kandahar|550
|4450|5964|41033|6,514
|45,483
|11%|\n|Kapisa|-
|0|1339|8034|1,339
|8,034
|2%|\n|Khost|-
|0|825|2753|825
|2,753
|1%|\n|Kunar|-
|0|2709|18897|2,709
|18,897
|5%|\n|Kunduz|-
|0|252|1588|252
|1,588
|0%|\n|Laghman|-
|0|990|5103|990
|5,103
|1%|\n|Logar|-
|0|169|1014|169
|1,014
|0%|\n|Maydan Wardak|
-
|0|1300|7800|1,300
|7,800
|2%|\n|Nangarhar|6,586
|38582|3775|25021|10,361
|63,603
|16%|\n|Nuristan|-
|0|1009|5896|1,009
|5,896
|1%|\n|Paktika|-
|0|498|3237|498
|3,237
|1%|\n|Paktya|-
|0|121|818|121
|818
|0%|\n|Parwan|-
|0|193|1158|193
|1,158
|0%|\n|Samangan|125
|606|0|0|125
|606
|0%|\n|Sari Pul|-
|0|1766|10596|1,766
|10,596
|3%|\n|Takhar|-
|0|53|429|53
|429
|0%|\n|Uruzgan|-
|0|2343|16400|2,343
|16,400
|4%|\n|Zabul|710
|6021|859|6861|1,569
|12,882
|3%|\n|Panjsher|-
|-
|39
|234
|39
|234
|0%|\n|**Total**|**12,707**
|**74,337**
|**49,601**
|**322,471**
|**62,308**
|**396,808**
|**100%**|\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nAccording to the reported data, the top ten provinces of displacement are currently led by the\nSouth with Kandahar and Helmand hosting 11% and 14% respectively followed by Uruzgan\nand Zabul at 4% and 3 %.\nThe West is second with Herat province currently hosting 16% of the IDP case load in the\ncountry and Ghor province hosting the seventh highest number of reported IDPs at 4%.\n\nThis is followed by the East with Nangarhar province hosting 16% of the total conflictinduced IDPs in the country and Kunar hosting 5%. Amongst other significant IDP hosting\nprovinces, Faryab in the North hosts 5%, while Ghazni hosts 3%.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOften, IDPs select the place of displacement according to family or community links, distance\nto the place of origin, security, access to basic services and livelihood opportunities. For\nexample: Nangarhar and Herat are located on the borders with Pakistan and Iran, therefore\nthey are provinces that create more job opportunities for IDPs along with relative security.\n\n**3. IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF ORIGIN**\n\nAccording to available data, 30% of the reported conflict-induced IDPs originate from the\nSouth (provinces of Kandahar, Helmand and Uruzgan). A total of 25% of the reported IDPs\nare from provinces in the West with Badghis, as the top province of origin for all reported\nIDPs in the country.\n\nA total of 19% of the entire IDP population is recorded as originating from the provinces in\nthe East (Kunar, Nangarhar and Laghman). A total of 12% are from North and North-Eastern\nprovinces, and 13% are from Central and Central Highland provinces, while 1% is reported\nfrom the South-East.\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9503355622291565, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6566464304924011, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9597808122634888, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7739844918251038, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9373683929443359, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.6146720051765442, - "start": 197, - "end": 203 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5695112943649292, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Individuals**\n\n\n\nUNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**Top 10 provinces of origin of IDPs**\n\n\n\n**Badghis**\n\n\n**Kandahar**\n\n\n**Hilmand**\n\n\n**Kunar**\n\n\n**Ghor**\n\n\n**Nangarhar**\n\n\n**Kapisa**\n\n\n**Faryab**\n\n**Laghman**\n\n\n**Uruzgan**\n\n\n\n**0** **10,000** **20,000** **30,000** **40,000** **50,000** **60,000**\n\n\n**53,568**\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\nThus, the top ten provinces producing internally displaced persons (provinces of origin) are:\nBadghis (13%), Kandahar (12%), Helmand (12%), Ghor (7%), Faryab (5%), Kapisa (6%),\nLaghman (4%), Nangarhar (6%), Uruzgan (4%) and Kunar (7%).\n\nIn accordance with available information, a significant number of those reported as internally\ndisplaced have moved within the province (often to the provincial capital) and/ or district\ncapitals of their regions of origin (a phenomenon called _creeping displacement_ ). There are\nalso reports of IDP families moving outside their provinces to neighboring provinces for\nreasons of insecurity, threat and intimidation including, lack of livelihood and basic services.\nDisplacement into far flung regions i.e., from the South to the East, or from the North to the\nWest is reportedly limited vis-a-vis large IDP groups, although individuals and families are\nreportedly on the move. [9]\n\nA detailed table (as of 30 March 2012) below reflects the conflict-induced internal\ndisplacement status for both protracted (pre 31 December 2002) and post 2002 IDP caseloads.\nThe information is provided by Province of origin which is listed alphabetically.\n\n\n9 The information is collected from the National IDP Task Force Minutes as well as mission/ assessment reports\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9806108474731445, - "start": 5, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8097943663597107, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9277114272117615, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.9663602709770203, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available information", - "confidence": 0.5141127109527588, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.8199948668479919, - "start": 235, - "end": 238 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP caseloads", - "confidence": 0.7922007441520691, - "start": 455, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "National IDP Task Force", - "confidence": 0.6703785061836243, - "start": 478, - "end": 482 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Province of origin", - "confidence": 0.8398926854133606, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National IDP Task Force Minutes", - "confidence": 0.6592009663581848, - "start": 478, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "National IDP Task Force", - "confidence": 0.6768714785575867, - "start": 478, - "end": 482 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Province of origin", - "confidence": 0.5699734091758728, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mission/ assessment reports", - "confidence": 0.6419717669487, - "start": 486, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|IDP Population by Province of Origin - May 2012|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Protracted Displacement**
**Before 31 Dec. 2002**|**Protracted Displacement**
**Before 31 Dec. 2002**|**Displacement Post - 31 Dec.**
**2002**|**Displacement Post - 31 Dec.**
**2002**|**Total**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-**
**induced**|**Persecution and conflict-induced**|**Persecution and conflict-induced**|**Persecution and conflict-induced**|**Persecution and conflict-induced**|**Persecution and conflict-induced**|\n|**Province of**
**origin**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Families**|**Individuals**|**Ind. %**|\n|Badghis|4,206
|20694|6152|32874|10,358
|53,568
|13%|\n|Baghlan|2
|14|190|915|192
|929
|0%|\n|Balkh|7
|35|599|3667|606
|3,702
|1%|\n|Bamyan|-
|0|11|62|11
|62
|0%|\n|Daykundi|-
|0|56|299|56
|299
|0%|\n|Farah|-
|0|821|5239|821
|5,239
|1%|\n|Faryab|350
|3017|2421|14982|2,771
|17,999
|5%|\n|Ghazni|12
|99|1930|11965|1,942
|12,064
|3%|\n|Ghor|107
|1004|3751|24879|3,858
|25,883
|7%|\n|Hilmand|147
|1465|4913|45512|5,060
|46,977
|12%|\n|Hirat|24
|220|1804|10753|1,828
|10,973
|3%|\n|Jawzjan|155
|1293|974|5619|1,129
|6,912
|2%|\n|Kabul|355
|2379|451|2741|806
|5,120
|1%|\n|Kandahar|972
|7174|6049|41712|7,021
|48,886
|12%|\n|Kapisa|2,241
|12370|1586|9516|3,827
|21,886
|6%|\n|Khost|4
|18|466|1693|470
|1,711
|0%|\n|Kunar|982
|6102|3138|21816|4,120
|27,918
|7%|\n|Kunduz|20
|131|233|1493|253
|1,624
|0%|\n|Laghman|1,952
|9818|1065|5669|3,017
|15,487
|4%|\n|Logar|34
|222|469|2814|503
|3,036
|1%|\n|Maydan Wardak|9
|57|1383|8392|1,392
|8,449
|2%|\n|Nangarhar|878
|5620|2578|17516|3,456
|23,136
|6%|\n|Nimroz|2
|14|12|72|14
|86
|0%|\n|Nuristan|-
|0|1288|7542|1,288
|7,542
|2%|\n|Paktika|23
|1398|213|1507|236
|2,905
|1%|\n|Paktya|50
|278|121|818|171
|1,096
|0%|\n|Parwan|14
|46|3|9|17
|55
|0%|\n|Samangan|125
|606|20|177|145
|783
|0%|\n|Sari Pul|-
|0|2125|12537|2,125
|12,537
|3%|\n|Takhar|3
|24|114|734|117
|758
|0%|\n|Uruzgan|1
|6|2133|15311|2,134
|15,317
|4%|\n|Zabul|32
|233|484|3395|516
|3,628
|1%|\n|Blank|-
|-
|2,048
|10,241
|2,048
|10,241
|3%|\n|**Total**|**12,707**
|**74,337**
|**49,601**
|**322,471**
|**62,308**
|**396,808**
|**100%**|\n\n\n**4. IDP POPULATION BY AGE AND GENDER**\n\nUNHCR Afghanistan was able to collect disaggregated data for 232,447 individuals, but not\nfor 164,361 individuals (42%) out of the total conflict induced IDP caseload. The following\ntable provides a summary overview of age and gender breakdown.\n\nChildren (0-18 years) constitute the highest population group representing 64% of this\npopulation, while the Elderly make up 6%. In the reported disaggregated data, the gender\ndistribution is almost equal with 52% male and 48% female.\n\nLack and limited access to insecure areas as well as inadequate IDP data collection\nmechanisms explains the incomplete availability of disaggregated data.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.8727442026138306, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7084472179412842, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9561601281166077, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Province of Origin", - "confidence": 0.8482595086097717, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7815531492233276, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.5461087822914124, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Khost", - "confidence": 0.602908194065094, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kunar", - "confidence": 0.5128446221351624, - "start": 806, - "end": 807 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.5414240956306458, - "start": 1421, - "end": 1423 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.5817576050758362, - "start": 1421, - "end": 1423 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.760884702205658, - "start": 1415, - "end": 1416 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8662033677101135, - "start": 1416, - "end": 1417 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP data", - "confidence": 0.8304758071899414, - "start": 1519, - "end": 1521 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "insecure areas", - "confidence": 0.8844776749610901, - "start": 1513, - "end": 1515 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n|Region|Age and Sex|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Unknown|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Region**|**0-4**|**0-4**|**5-11**|**5-11**|**12-17**|**12-17**|**18-59**|**18-59**|**60+**|**60+**|**Total**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Region**|**M**|**F**|**M**|**F**|**M**|**F**|**M**|**F**|**M**|**F**|**M**|**F**|**F**|\n|**Central**|78
|73
|2,116
|2,038
|2,798
|2,628
|6,890
|6,369
|609
|461
|12,491
|11,569
|7,800
|\n|**East**|833
|1,010
|1,369
|1,243
|864
|692
|1,634
|1,529
|133
|53
|4,833
|4,527
|84,139
|\n|**North & Northeast**|3,528
|3,725
|4,260
|4,212
|4,064
|3,796
|7,038
|6,841
|1,840
|1,711
|20,730
|20,285
|3,824
|\n|**South**|15,998
|13,643
|12,212
|11,082
|9,629
|8,630
|20,723
|18,982
|3,894
|3,371
|62,456
|55,708
|10,198
|\n|**Southeast**|30
|20
|17
|13
|15
|15
|17
|13
|4
|6
|83
|67
|6,658
|\n|**West**|5,101
|4,855
|5,901
|5,523
|4,822
|5,749
|3,375
|3,148
|745
|479
|19,944
|19,754
|51,742
|\n|**Total**|**25,568**
|**23,326**
|**25,875**
|**24,111**
|**22,192**
|**21,510**
|**39,677**
|**36,882**
|**7,225**
|**6,081**
|**120,537**
|**111,910**
|**164,361**
|\n|**%**|**21%**|**21%**|**21%**|**22%**|**18%**|**19%**|**33%**|**33%**|**6%**|**5%**|**52%**|**48%**||\n\n\n\nAmong the total IDP population, 11,835 cases of persons with specific needs have been\nidentified so far. **[10]** The category of Poor Families (PF) was found to be the most numerous\namong the IDP population, followed by the Physically Disabled (PD) as the second category,\nwhile the third is Chronic Ill (CI) of extremely vulnerable IDPs. This out-reach in identifying\nvulnerabilities is a common challenge across many parts of the world; however in\nAfghanistan given the challenges of access, it is further compounded.\n\nThe majority of those found to be extremely vulnerable, have been identified in the Southern\nregion, followed by the North and the West. The above data on vulnerability among IDPs is\nonly indicative of a portion of the IDP population that has been directly assessed and assisted\neither by UNHCR and MoRR or their partners.\n\nIt is worth recalling that conflict-induced IDPs are already considered vulnerable because\ndisplacement causes a breakdown in family and social/economic support structures.\n\n**5. IDP POPULATION BY ETHNICITY**\n\nAcross the country, the majority of the reported IDP population by ethnicity are Pashtuns 61%, while 6% are Tajik, 2% are of Balouch ethnicity and 4% are Hazara and Uzbek. The\nBalouch ethnic group of IDPs are recorded in the North and North-East with some reported\nfrom the Southern, East and Western regions. The Uzbek ethnic group of IDPs are present in\nthe North and North-eastern region, with a few families in the South.\n\nThe ethnicity of 27% of the IDPs was not recorded. These IDPs are mainly residing in the\nWest and East, and some in the Central, North-eastern and South-eastern regions. Due to\ninsecurity and lack of access to IDP places of displacement in those regions, the IDP Task\nForces were not able to collect this information.\n\n\n10\nUNHCR categorized vulnerabilities as: CI: Chronic, MC: Medical Cases, PD: Physically Disabled, PF: Poor Family, SF: Single Female,\nSP: Single Parent, DA: Drug addicted, MI: Mentally ill, PD: Physically disabled, SC: Special case, UAM: Unaccompanied Minors, and UE:\nUnaccompanied Elderly.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**6. PROTECTION CONCERNS REPORTED BY CONFLICT-INDUCED**\n**DISPLACED**\n\nThe key cause of displacement for conflict-induced IDPs has been the severity of their\nprotection concerns. These have included targeted threats, intimidation, and extortions, aerial\nattacks, forced recruitment, illegal taxation, night searches, and armed conflict among others.\nIDPs have also reported protection concerns during flight and in their places of displacement.\n\nMany IDPs continue to face threats to their physical security and well-being, including\nintimidation and persecution, which may lead to secondary displacement. In particular, male\nIDPs could face the additional risk of forced recruitment or being accused of association with\nparties to the conflict.\n\nThe protection risks facing women and children in displacement vary based on regional\ncharacteristics in each area in Afghanistan. However, the most relevant ones are, child\nrecruitment in armed force (Government and Anti-Government Elements), denial of access to\nbasic social services to single female headed households or unaccompanied women, risk of\nchild labor, economic constraints of a displaced family preventing the children from attending\nschool, threat of underage marriage/forced marriage to local power brokers. The groups\nespecially at risks among this population of women and children, are unaccompanied women,\nsingle female headed households and separated children.\n\nDue to the intensity of the conflict and often entrenched positions of the warring parties,\ndisplacement is becoming increasingly prolonged. Deterioration of the protection situation in\nplaces of displacement due to severe winters, absence of critical services in places of\ndisplacement, and the lack of livelihoods have rendered IDPs more vulnerable.\n\nThe existence of mines and other explosive remnants of war (ERWs) constitute a major threat\nto IDPs trying to settle in unfamiliar places. In areas of return, these similarly may restrict\naccess to shelter, water and land for grazing and cultivation, and it hampers the restoration of\nessential infrastructure. The destruction of crops, fields, homes, and properties during fighting\ndirectly impact the ability of displaced populations to consider voluntary return to places of\norigin and to resume livelihoods.\n\nUpon return, IDPS report to face risks based on allegations of affinity with particular parties\nto the conflict,\n\nAs a consequence of conflict and displacement, the loss of livelihoods and income-generating\nactivities is a critical concern, as livestock and crops are either left behind or confiscated. As a\nresult, IDPs are forced to rely upon the generosity of host families, sporadic humanitarian\nassistance, low-income daily labor (including child labor), and loans that further impoverish\nthem but are necessary for access to food and potable water, fuel to heat and cook, plastic\nsheets, and clothing.\n\nThis situation has a trickle-down effect on host families, as it severely stretches their capacity\nto cater to the combined needs of their guests and their own family members. Hosting\ncommunities continue to bear the largest burden of catering to IDPs rather than governmental\nor humanitarian actors.\n\nThe absence of timely information on IDPs displaced within conflict zones has a critical\nimpact on any possible humanitarian redress of material assistance and other protection needs.\nThe vast majority of Afghans, including pastoralists (Kuchi) tend to flee with their cattle, if\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\npossible and seek protection from the conflict in rural areas, where access by humanitarian\nactors is limited. Community outreach methods (\u201eprotection networks/informal networks\u201f)\nincreasingly adopted by the IDP Task Force have attempted to fill some of the information\ngaps although, there is a continuing need to expedite information sharing including, early\nwarning.\n\nAlso noteworthy are the risks IDPs face when moving from their place of origin to a place of\nsafety. They often encounter check-points on the way which pose risks of delaying their\nmovement (in some cases resulting in critical medical conditions being denied immediate\nmedical access) and also often boys/men are subject to additional risks at these check points\nwith allegations of affinity to one warring side or another. The movement of IDPs could also\nbecome restricted due to ongoing insecurity or conflict, as they seek to move to a safer\nlocation. This could leave them trapped for lengthy periods in insecure locations, with\ninsufficient access to food and other services.\n\n**7. REPORTED CAUSES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT**\n\nThe triggers for internal displacement in Afghanistan are highly complex and include not only\narmed conflict and natural disaster, but also inter-communal tensions and human rights\nviolations. Displacement is often an immediate response of families facing direct insecurity or\npersecution. However, in a number of cases there may also be movement due to fear of\nimpending insecurity or persecution and this often results in preventative flight due to fear of\npersecution/ general insecurity. Many Afghans have fled in anticipation of hostilities or\nthreats of violence, while others have escaped attacks and human rights abuse by the various\nparties to the conflict.\n\nAs internal displacement in Afghanistan has occurred across different periods of time and has\nbeen of varying durations, several IDP groups have been displaced due to a combination of\nfactors and some have been displaced multiple times. Given both the complexity of causes\nand limitations of humanitarian access to parts of the country affected by armed conflict, there\nis lack of clear understanding of the scale of internal displacement. Causes of current reported\ndisplacement are provided in the table below.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.8983731865882874, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8905174136161804, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7564746141433716, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "rural areas", - "confidence": 0.8259249925613403, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5476423501968384, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9939086437225342, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nIt is worth noting that often there are multiple causes that can prompt flight for an individual\nor a household.\n\nThe above table shows that the two main primary reasons for displacement are armed conflict\n(37%) and general insecurity (37%). A total of 7% have stated threats/intimidation and a total\nof 6% stated military operation as reasons leading to displacement. A total of 12% have\nreferred to internal tribal conflict, impact of cross border shelling, extortion, illegal-taxation\nand land disputes as cause of displacement.\n\nCauses of displacement are found to vary across regions. For example, in 2010 and 2011, in\nthe South, the key causes of displacement were recorded as joint military operations,\ninsecurity, threats/ intimidation and to some extent forced recruitment and illegal taxation.\n\nIn the West, the key causes reported were conflict/ military operations, general insecurity and\nland disputes.\n\nIn the North, conflict and military operation, threats and intimidation are main causes for\ndisplacement, while illegal taxation, forced recruitment and inter-tribal conflict are also\ncontributing factors. In the North, it is noted that alleged abuses by the Afghan Local Police\nalleged abuses are factors prompting displacement.\n\nIn the East, cross border shelling from Pakistan and joint military operations are the main\ncauses of internal displacement; however, land disputes, threats and harassment by insurgents\nhave also contributed to internal displacement in that region.\n\n\n\n\n\nNatural disaster and lack of basic services have also contributed to the displacement of\npeople; in most cases the displacements are a combination of various factors. Therefore, in\nsome cases drought, coupled with insecurity, has been a propelling factor.\n\n**8. SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS**\n\nInternal displacement \u201eshall last no longer than required by the circumstances,\u201f the Guiding\nPrinciples on Internal Displacement stipulates. It is now well recognized that to be internally\ndisplaced is to be exposed to a range of particular risks and vulnerabilities. Currently, there is\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nno consensus about when a person ceases to be an internally displaced person, although some\npractical guidance is offered by the framework on durable solutions.\n\nThree types of durable solutions to internal displacement exist: [11]\ni. Return to the place of origin;\nii. Local integration in the areas in which IDPs take refuge;\niii. Re-Settlement elsewhere within the country.\n\nDisplacement ends when one of these solutions occurs and IDPs no longer have needs\nspecifically related to their displacement. Having found a durable solution, formerly displaced\npersons continue to have all of the rights of citizens and may be eligible for assistance on the\nsame basis as others in the country. To determine whether and to what extent a durable\nsolution has been achieved, it is necessary to examine both the _processes_ through which\nsolutions are found and the actual _conditions_ of the IDPs/ returnees/ re-settled/ integrated\npersons. In general, it is important to consider whether:\n\n1) The process is voluntary and informed with the full participation of IDPs in managing their\ndurable solutions.\n2) That national authorities facilitate safe and unimpeded and timely access to NGO and\ninternational humanitarian and development actors to assist IDPs in achieving durable\nsolutions.\n3) That conditions to ensure safety, security and dignity are enabled by national authorities in\nareas of return, local integration or settlement elsewhere. That is, enjoyment to an adequate\nstandard of living without discrimination, and access to livelihoods and employment,\neffective and accessible mechanisms to restore housing land and property and personal\ndocumentation are available; and access to effective justice and remedies and participation in\npublic affairs is enabled. [12]\n\nIn parts of Afghanistan, armed conflict remains an obstacle to return. Ethnic and tribal\ntensions made worse by the armed conflict are further barriers to return and re-integration.\nDue to limited access to judicial redress mechanisms issues related to property rights remain\nunresolved and could deter return. The absence of basic infrastructure, job opportunities and\nother sources of income in places of origin are further obstacles to return. It should be noted\nthat IDPs mention a lack of basic economic and social rights as main obstacles to durable\nreturn and integration, ahead of security and justice.\n\nAnother significant protection challenge is the weakness of formal state structures of authority\nat the regional level including, the wide spread expanse of shadow governments, which are\nreported from several parts of the country.\n\nFurther, the possibilities of local integration in the current environment, does not elicit a\nproactive response from State authorities without whom local integration as a durable solution\ncannot be possible. Hence, while _defacto local integration_ is being pursued by several IDP\ngroups, it lacks formal facilitation and recognition by the State, resulting in continued\nprotection risks such as eviction, lack of legal identification documents, and limited access to\nservices etc. In few areas, IDPs are reported as settling (re-settlement) on land they are\n\n\n11\nGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Principle 28: \u201ccompetent authorities have the primary duty and responsibility to establish\nconditions, as well as provide the means, to allow internally displaced persons to return voluntarily, in safety and dignity, to their homes or\nplaces of habitual residence, or to resettle voluntarily in another part of the country. Such authorities shall endeavour to facilitate the\nreintegration of returned or resettled internally displaced persons\u201d. The term settlement elsewhere is suggested colloquial usage since the\nterm \u201cre-settlement\u201d is a refugee like durable solutions option.\n12 Refer Framework for Durable Solutions of Internally Displaced persons, IASC 2010.\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\nallegedly purchasing however, security of tenure again is questionable. The most easily\nidentifiable durable solution situation that is occurring is return. However, the nature and\nscale of durable solution options being pursued are yet to be fully understood.\n\n**9. ACCESS TO HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE**\n\nLack of humanitarian access remains a key constraint almost in all regions across the country,\ne.g. in the South-East, humanitarian actors do not have access to almost 95% of the IDP\nlocations- in the Northern region humanitarian access is estimated at 80% while in the Northeast it is at 55%. Therefore, delay in identification, assessment and timely assistance is a\nsignificant challenge. Access to basic protection in place of displacement, i.e., personal and\nphysical security and shelter are critical needs. [13]\n\nThe lack of regular tracking of IDPs who move into secondary and tertiary displacement also\nimpedes effective humanitarian response by actors and prevents effective access to\nhumanitarian actors by IDPs.\n\nLack of female staff to join monitoring teams for assessment of IDP situation is a chronic\nproblem in most regions, resulting in gaps in protection information about women and girls.\n\nThe IDP task force and regional protection clusters are working through various partners to\ndevelop informal networks (\u201eprotection networks\u201f) to collect information on new\ndisplacements (this could also include cases that may have been in displacement for a while\nand hitherto remain unknown). These informal networks include remote monitoring partners,\nand/ or local level key informants in places where there is no access to IDPs. The need to\ntriangulate information received from such sources is also an imperative.\n\n**10. ASSISTANCE TO CONFLICT-INDUCED IDPs**\n\nBased on information provided by partners, UNHCR through its NFI/Shelter cluster has\ntracked the below information on assistance provided to IDPs between 01 Jan - 30 April 2012.\n\nBetween 01 January and 30 June 2012, a total of 65,723 conflict-induced IDPs\n(approximately 10,800 families) were assisted with food and non-food item, as follows:\nUNHCR provided NFIs to 24,843 individuals (5,052 families), DRC assisted 25,074 persons\n(about 3,521 families), NRC assisted 10,577 individuals (about 1,516 Families), IRC assisted\n4,557 persons (651 families) and ERM assisted 672 persons (67 families).\n\n\n13\nNational IDP Task Force meeting minutes, plus inputs from the regional Task Forces.\n**[http://ochaonline.un.org/afghanistan/Clusters/Protection/IDPTaskForce/tabid/5731/language/en-US/Default.aspx](http://ochaonline.un.org/afghanistan/Clusters/Protection/IDPTaskForce/tabid/5731/language/en-US/Default.aspx)**\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", - "confidence": 0.9565825462341309, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8120630979537964, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9354041218757629, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5656424164772034, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8794205784797668, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "informal networks", - "confidence": 0.6444116234779358, - "start": 240, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDP task force", - "confidence": 0.6100265383720398, - "start": 226, - "end": 229 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9180594086647034, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on assistance provided to IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5739638805389404, - "start": 342, - "end": 348 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9441658854484558, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National IDP Task Force meeting minutes", - "confidence": 0.9426228404045105, - "start": 454, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inputs from the regional Task Forces", - "confidence": 0.6051607728004456, - "start": 462, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**Humanitarian Assistance to IDPs**\n\n|Region|UNHCR|IRC|ERM*|NRC|DRC|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|North|11,434|-|-|-|-|11,434|\n|Northeast|53|-|-|-|-|53|\n|South|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|South-East|2,016|1,050|-|-|-|3,066|\n|East|3,997|252|-|-|-|4,249|\n|West|5,737|3,024|665|-|-|9,426|\n|Central|1,606|231||10,577|25,074|37,488|\n|C. Highlands|-|-|7|-|-|7|\n|**Total**
|** 24,843**
|** 4,557**
|** 672**|** 10,577**|** 25,074**|** 65,723**|\n\n\n\n*ERM Consortium (SI, ACF, and Medair)\n\n\n**V. Conclusion:**\n\nThis continuing profiling exercise has resulted in a data clean-up/re-verification leading to a\nsignificant change in the overall conflict-induced IDP data and this has demonstrated the need\nfor close and regular tracking of IDPs across the country.\n\nThe identification and monitoring of conflict induced IDP groups is essential to map trends\nand respond to the most visible and outstanding needs of these groups, especially in light of\nsignificant and steady increase in conflict-induced IDPs across the country in the last few\nyears.\n\nThe above analysis has been extracted from the UNHCR Population Movement Tracking\nMechanism. The PMT is intended as a data base for the identification and entry of real time\ninformation, which will enable the humanitarian community to track key trends and identify\nbasic needs and concerns. Therefore, it is imperative that the information fed into the system\nis collated from a wide variety of sources such as joint assessments, focus groups, interviews,\nand triangulated with community elders and other key informants, especially where access is\nnot possible, and finally future responses are coordinated in collaboration with the\nGovernment of Afghanistan.\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR IDP Data Report \u2013 May 2012\n\n\n**Humanitarian Assistance by UNHCR**\n\n\n\n**ANNEXE 1:**\n\n\n\nSince 2002, UNHCR Afghanistan has facilitated voluntary return of 103,861 IDP families /\n520,743 individuals to their place of origin across the country. The majority of IDPs were\nassisted to return to the Western region (34%), followed by North-east and Central regions\n(20% each). The other regions where IDPs were assisted are the North (14%), South and\nCentral Highlands regions (5% and 4% respectively). Less than 2% returned to the South.\nMost of the IDPs returned from the South to the North, West, and Central regions.\n\n\nIn 2012, UNHCR is directly assisting 11,587 IDP households/families through the\nimplementation of the following projects in the South, West, East, North and Central regions.\nIn the North and North-east, a total of 4,323 IDP households are benefiting from WASH,\nHealth, Education, Livelihoods and vocational training, while in the East a total of 3,434 IDPs\nthrough Emergency shelter, WASH and Vocation training. In the West, a total of 3,030 IDP\nhouseholds are being assisted through WASH, CFW, Livelihoods and vocation training. In\ncentral region, a total of 934 IDPs households are benefiting through the implementation of\nWASH, Health, CFW and vocational training projects. This year, UNHCR is also assisting a\nfurther 4,360 IDP households through 12 reintegration sites.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64f811a5-8219-303d-bda5-3c3861e14a28/UNHCR%20IDP%20Report%202012.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_703/raw/doc_703_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_703/raw/doc_703_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 68aa678c5a3dd52165eeb1eb28bf3e82b1d70f1e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_703/raw/doc_703_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Report on identification of Persons with** **Specific Needs in Renk, South Sudan**\n\n**Support to older persons during relocation of Nubian Refugees @UNHCR/R.Kirui**\n\n## **JANUARY \u2013 JUNE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its partners are dedicated to\nrecognizing and addressing the needs of individuals with specific needs who arrive through both\nofficial and unofficial crossing points. Active identification is crucial, as these needs are often not\nimmediately visible. Without early identification in emergencies, these individuals may face\nincreased protection risks, such as discrimination, abuse, violence, or stigma.\n\n\nTo enhance these efforts, UNHCR, along with the International Rescue Committee (IRC) and the\nHumanitarian & Development Consortium (HDC), is implementing comprehensive screening\nprocesses and training for frontline workers to better identify and support those with specific\nneeds. Collaboration with local communities and other humanitarian organizations has also been\nstrengthened to ensure a more inclusive and protective environment. By prioritizing early\nidentification and intervention, the Renk response aims at mitigating risks and provide timely\nassistance to the most vulnerable individuals.\n\n\nAdditionally, the implementation of Child Protection and Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Standard\nOperating Procedures (SOPs) and Persons with Specific Needs (PSN) guidelines by UNHCR has\nbeen pivotal. These guidelines ensure that frontline workers are equipped to handle cases\ninvolving children and survivors of GBV with the utmost care and sensitivity. The SOPs have\nplayed a key role in providing a structured approach to managing these cases, ensuring that all\nnecessary steps are taken to protect, and support affected individuals in a more confidential\nmanner. This comprehensive approach helps in creating a safer and more supportive environment\nfor those at risk.\n\n\n**Trends analysis**\n\n\nFrom January to June 2024, a total of **19,559** individuals with specific needs **(74 percent**\n**female and 26 percent male)** were identified and referred through both static and mobile\nmethods at the Wunthau/Joda Reception Centre and transit centers, as illustrated in the graph\nbelow. The number of identified cases peaked in January and then steadily declined in the\nsubsequent months, closely reflecting the decrease in inflows during the same period.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As shown in the chart, the most common vulnerabilities identified were women at risk **(37**\n**percent)**, household situations (including older persons and single-headed households) at **28**\n**percent**, individuals with disabilities and medical conditions at **24 percent**, children at risk at **9**\n**percent**, and unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) at **2 percent** .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Levels of Identification of Persons of Specific Needs**\n\n\n**I.** **Identification at the Joda/Wunthau border entry point**\n\n\nUNHCR, IOM, and HDC partners identified individuals with specific needs at the border through\ninitial screenings. Between January and June, twenty case workers, frontline workers, and\nprotection monitors trained in vulnerability screening were able to identify cases of persons with\nspecific needs (PSNs) at official crossing points and referred them to the reception center for\nprofiling. After the initial screening, cases were sent to reception centers for profiling. Individuals\nwere then directed to specialized services, such as medical and psychosocial support, ensuring\nthey received the necessary assistance and protection before being relocated to Renk transit\ncenters.\n\n\n**Services Provided to PSNs at the Reception Centre**\n\n\nAt the Joda/Wuntau reception center, individuals received immediate health and psychosocial\nsupport services. Additionally, cases of Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC) were\nidentified by the child protection partner Save the Children (SCI) for further profiling prior to\ntransportation to Renk transit centers. The following procedures were taken into consideration:\n\n\n - **Urgent Medical Cases** : Referred to IOM and M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) clinics for\nimmediate medical attention before being transported to primary and secondary\nhealthcare facilities at the transit centers and Renk Civil Hospital.\n\n\n - **Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC)** : Referred to Save the Children to\nensure safe transfer and immediate referral from the reception center to transit centers,\nwhere their Best Interest Assessments and Procedures were conducted.\n\n\n - **Mental Health Support** : IOM provided mental health and psychosocial support to new\narrivals before their transfer to the transit centers.\n\n\n**II.** **Identification through ProGres database**\n\n\nWhile UNHCR registered the refugees through ProGres (UNHCR\u2019s case management tool), WFP\nensured the registration of returnees. However, the identification of PSNs was only captured in\nthe ProGres database and not in the scope database implemented by WFP. From January to June,\nat least **2,343** persons with specific needs were recorded in the ProGres registration database as\npart of the initial stages of providing registration, documentation, and assistance. UNHCR\nincorporated the ProGres tool for registration as a component of case management to help in\nrecording all individuals with specific needs. To ensure confidentiality, only UNHCR and trained\npartner staff ACTED, and Across assisted in the registration process, ensuring each category of\nPSN was well captured and that information was systematized for further assistance.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ProGres database", - "confidence": 0.9957452416419983, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "identification of PSNs", - "confidence": 0.6497952938079834, - "start": 365, - "end": 368 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9097881317138672, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with specific needs", - "confidence": 0.5760238766670227, - "start": 399, - "end": 403 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSN", - "confidence": 0.7287474870681763, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III.** **Offline Identification**\n\n\nSince the registration process for returnees uses Scope instead of ProGres, the identification of\nPersons with Specific Needs (PSNs), primarily returnees, was conducted using offline\ndocumentation through the inter-Agency Referral form. Identification was carried out via doorto-door visits, awareness campaigns, community feedback mechanisms, including complaint\ndesks, and referrals from WFP. These referrals were then assessed at the protection desk, mainly\nduring the case management process. To ensure confidentiality, a hardcopy coded referral form\nwas completed and directed to various assistance services, including psychosocial support, legal\naid, in-kind support, Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance (MPCA), Individual Protection Assistance\n(IPA), and non-food items, among other prioritized needs. From January to June, out of the total\n**5,642 PSNs** identified through offline referrals, **58 percent** were returnees from both official\nand unofficial crossing points supported by partners IRC and ACTED.\n\n\n**IV.** **Identification through the Case Management Process**\n\nOf the **5,278** cases referred to the International Rescue Committee (IRC) protection desk, trained\nfrontline workers, including case workers, coordinated to ensure comprehensive support by\nfacilitating referrals using a coded or password-protected inter-agency referral form. These\nreferrals were made to health services, psychosocial support, legal consultations, and shelter\nallocation to ensure safety and protection based on specific vulnerabilities and circumstances.\nAdditionally, **90 percent** of the cases were supported with non-food items, while **10 percent**\nreceived in-kind assistance. Through case management, progress monitoring, particularly in areas\nof relocation, was prioritized to ensure comprehensive services were provided by protection staff\nfrom the receiving refugee camps.\n\n\n**Additional assistance**\n\n\nDue to limited resources, case-by-case referrals were made through Individual Protection\nAssistance, where those with heightened risks and increased vulnerabilities were provided with\ncash to mitigate protection risks. Out of the total 19, 559 identifies during the first half of the\nyear, **10,920 (56 percent)** received targeted assistance in transit centers. Similarly, partners\nJesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and Chagai Foundation distributed assistive devices, including\nwheelchairs and crutches, to **133** individuals with mobility challenges, enabling ease their\nmovement from one service provider to another.\n\n\n**Monitoring and tracking**\n\n\nThe identification, case management, and ProGres database continued to support the tracking of\nindividuals with specific needs. Between January and June, **514 individuals** (41 percent female)\nregistered for relocation to Ajuong Thuok and Maban refugee camps. To facilitate further\nassistance, UNHCR shared information from the ProGres database from Renk to these locations,\nmaintaining confidentiality. Most of the identified cases during relocation included Women at Risk,\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inter-agency referral form", - "confidence": 0.9443053603172302, - "start": 244, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "receiving refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.5283729434013367, - "start": 331, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "identification, case management, and ProGres database", - "confidence": 0.9427794218063354, - "start": 457, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "tracking of\nindividuals with specific needs", - "confidence": 0.9095891714096069, - "start": 469, - "end": 475 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ajuong Thuok and Maban", - "confidence": 0.8068286776542664, - "start": 496, - "end": 500 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.5900274515151978, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Older Persons at Risk, Single Parents, Unaccompanied and Separated Children, individuals with\nSerious Medical Conditions, and people with disabilities. Relevant information was shared with\nprotection staff at the two camps for follow-up and referral for ongoing psychosocial support\nneeds.\n\n\n**Risk mitigation measures undertaken for Persons with Specific Needs**\n\n\n**Active Identification**\n\n\nThrough an active identification process, UNHCR, WFP and partners in Renk actively identified\nPSNs through various methods, including during registration, awareness campaigns, door-to-door\nvisits, community feedback mechanisms, and referrals from other organizations. This ensured\nthat individuals who may not be immediately visible were recognized and assisted.\n\n\n**Comprehensive Training**\n\n\n**Fourty-one** frontline workers received extensive training on vulnerability screening and case\nmanagement to better identify and support PSNs. This included training on Child Protection and\nGBV SOPs, legal frameworks and safe disclosure.\n\n\n**Collaboration with Partners and community structures**\n\n\nA strengthened collaboration with local communities, community representatives, humanitarian\norganizations, and specialized partners for health, legal, shelter, Camp Coordination and Camp\nManagement (CCCM) and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) continued to mainstream\ndisability inclusion by setting up disability friendly wash facilities, lighting the transit centers, and\nprioritizing shelter allocation for PSNs.\n\n\n**Confidential Referral Systems**\n\n\nA hardcopy coded referral form was used to ensure confidentiality when directing PSNs to various\nassistance services, such as psychosocial support, legal aid, and medical care.\n\n\n**Specialized Services**\n\n\nPSNs were referred to specialized services for urgent medical care, mental health support, and\nprotection services. This included immediate medical attention and continuous mental health and\npsychosocial support.\n\n\n**Community Engagement and feedback mechanisms**\n\n\nRenk response had an active Community Feedback Mechanism (CFM) system, led by the task\nteam, where information and feedback from the community was addressed in line with specific\nneeds, including for vulnerable individuals in need of assistance. These were mainly channeled\nthrough suggestion boxes, complaint boxes, protection desks and hotline numbers.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Legal and Protection Services**\n\n\nLegal partners IRC and Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) provided assistance to help PSNs\nunderstand their rights and navigate legal processes. Protection services were also in place to\nsafeguard individuals from exploitation and abuse.\n\n\n**Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance (MPCA) and Individual Protection Assistance (IPA)**\n\n\nFor enhanced mitigation measures to ensure risks of GBV and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\n(SEA) were undertaken, cash assistance programs were offered to meet the diverse needs of\nPSNs, allowing them to meet their needs while prioritizing their safety and wellbeing.\n\n\n**Gaps and Unmet Needs**\n\n\n - **As observed, there was still limited response to relocation among Persons with**\n**Specific Needs to proceed to their final destinations**, resulting in an increased need\nfor food and non-food items (NFI).\n\n\n - **Insufficient resources (human, material, financial) and capacity** to address\nspecific needs related to mental health cases.\n\n\n - **Inadequate response at unofficial crossing points**, exacerbating protection risks\namong refugees and returnees including people with disabilities.\n\n\n**Proposed recommendations**\n\n\n - Additional ambulances are required to assist in transporting PSNs with severe medical\nconditions.\n\n - Enhance protection assistance of psychosocial support, legal consultations, and safety for\nPSNs.\n\n - Enhance mental health services at transit centers and Renk Civil Hospital.\n\n - Recruit border and protection monitors at active unofficial crossing points to screen and\nidentify PSNs.\n\n - Assess the feasibility of providing mobile assistance for PSNs using unofficial crossing\npoints.\n\n - Strengthen border and protection monitoring and information sharing regarding access to\nservices for PSNs.\n\n - Due to high staff turnover, continuously train frontline workers on identifying and\nsupporting PSNs.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7c40e7c8-2320-4ed3-920f-1adf3b89cf38/UNHCR%20Mid-Year%20report%20on%20Persons%20with%20Specific%20Needs%20-%20Renk%20Response.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_704/raw/doc_704_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_704/raw/doc_704_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1609ba6f340bc33d6abec432d717ac6bf45bfe9b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_704/raw/doc_704_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Slovakia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Contents\n\n**1. Introduction** **.** ........................................................................................................................................ 3\n\n\n**2. Key Features of the current situation** ................................................................................................ 4\n\n2.1 Asylum claims: selected statistics................................................................................................ 4\n\n2.2 Border management, access to territory and registration of applications **.** .................................. 5\n\n2.3 Detention **.** ..................................................................................................................................... 6\n\n2.4 Reception facilities, basic and specific needs.............................................................................. 7\nGeneral living conditions **.** ............................................................................................................. 7\nProvision of food........................................................................................................................... 8\nHealth care.................................................................................................................................... 8\nAsylum-seekers with specific needs **.** ........................................................................................... 8\nChildren in SAR centres................................................................................................................ 9\nAsylum-seekers living outside SAR centres **.** ................................................................................ 9\n\n2.5 Registration of asylum claims..................................................................................................... 10\n\n2.6 Assessment and decision-making on asylum claims................................................................ 11\n\n2.7 \u0007Protection and other rights of those qualifying for refugee or subsidiary status........................ 12\n\n2.8 Treatment of people transferred to Bulgaria under the Dublin Regulation **.** ................................ 13\n\n2.9 Anti-foreigner and anti-refugee sentiment.................................................................................. 14\n\n\n**3. \u0007Engagement to improve the response: Bulgaria, UNHCR, EU bodies,**\n**civil society and others** ..................................................................................................................... 15\n\n\n**4. Sustainability and consolidation of efforts undertaken** **.** ............................................................... 16\n\n\n**5. Conclusion** ......................................................................................................................................... 17\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 1. Introduction\n\nOn 2 January 2014, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) [1] issued its _Observations on the Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria,_ noting systemic deficiencies in\nthe asylum procedure and reception conditions for asylum-seekers in Bulgaria, which had worsened\nfollowing a large increase in the number of asylum-seekers arriving in the preceding months. UNHCR\nidentified a number of areas where urgent improvements were required, and called for a temporary halt\nto all transfers of asylum-seekers to Bulgaria under the Dublin Regulation. [2]\n\n\nUNHCR undertook to reassess the situation as of 1 April 2014. The present paper contains the results\nof that reassessment and is an update to UNHCR\u2019s observations of January 2014. It identifies the\nnumerous improvements that have been made to reception conditions and the asylum procedure in\nBulgaria since the beginning of the year, on the basis of which UNHCR now concludes that a general\nsuspension of all Dublin transfers to Bulgaria is no longer justified.\n\n\nHowever, despite the progress made by the Bulgarian authorities, serious gaps remain in the national\nasylum system, a number of which are identified in this update. UNHCR would therefore like to highlight that, while deficiencies are no longer such as to justify a general suspension of Dublin transfers\nto Bulgaria, there may nevertheless be reasons precluding transfers under Dublin for certain groups or\nindividuals. UNHCR recommends that Dublin participating States conduct an individual assessment\nas to whether a transfer would be compatible with States\u2019 obligations to protect an individual\u2019s fundamental rights under European Union (EU) [3] and international law, in particular with regard to asylumseekers who have specific needs or vulnerabilities. [4]\n\n\nMoreover, given, _inter alia,_ the potentially large number of pending Dublin transfers to Bulgaria, [5] .\nUNHCR is concerned about the medium- to long-term sustainability of the improvements made so far.\nThe Office will therefore continue to closely monitor developments in Bulgaria. In the meantime, this\nupdate identifies areas where it is recommended that the Bulgarian authorities take further sustained\naction to ensure compliance of the national asylum system with EU and international standards. These\nconcern the integrity of the national asylum system as a whole, including, in particular, serious concerns about reported \u201cpush-backs\u201d and other measures taken by the Bulgarian authorities as of November 2013 to restrict access to Bulgaria\u2019s territory for asylum-seekers arriving from Turkey, whose\nnumber has now dramatically decreased.\n\n\n1 \u0007The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is mandated to supervise the application of the\n\n1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (hereinafter jointly referred to as the Refugee Convention) under its Statute in conjunction with Article 35 of the Refugee Convention and Article II of the 1967 Protocol.\n\n\n2 \u0007References to the \u201cDublin Regulation\u201d are to the Dublin III Regulation (EU Regulation No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national\nor a stateless person (recast), 29 June 2013,, available at http://goo.gl/XnJ2mV, which recasts the Dublin II Regulation (EC\nRegulation No. 343/2003).\n\n\n3 \u0007The Dublin Regulation requires in article 31 that \u201cthe Member State carrying out the transfer of an applicant (\u2026) shall communicate to the Member State responsible such personal data concerning the person to be transferred as is appropriate, relevant and non-excessive for the sole purposes of ensuring that the competent authorities, in accordance with national law in\nthe Member State responsible, are in a position to provide that person with adequate assistance (\u2026).\u201d The article continues,\nindicating that the Member State transmit information on, amongst others (a) any immediate measures which the Member\nState responsible is required to take in order to ensure that the special needs of the person to be transferred are adequately\naddressed, including any immediate health care that may be required; and (c) in the case of minors, information on their education.\n\n\n4 \u0007See UNHCR, _Guidance Note on bilateral and/or multilateral transfer arrangements of asylum-seekers,_ May 2013, available at:\n\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/51af82794.html This document specifies, inter alia, that transfer arrangements need to guarantee that each asylum-seeker will be individually assessed as to the appropriateness of the transfer, subject to procedural\nsafeguards, prior to transfer.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n5 \u0007As of 31 March 2014, 1,628 requests from other Dublin participating States were already pending before the Bulgarian State\n\nAgency for Refugees (SAR), with 614 under the \u201ctake back\u201d and 819 \u201ctake charge\u201d provisions of the Dublin Regulation as well\nas195 requests for information under the Dublin Regulation, which include determining the State responsible for examining\nthe individual\u2019s application for international protection. See further section 1.8 below.\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 2. Key Features of the current situation\n\n2.1 Asylum claims: selected statistics\n\n\nFrom 1 January 2013 to 31 March 2014 [6], approximately 9,175 persons [7] applied for international protection in Bulgaria mainly Syrians, persons of Palestinian origin from Syria, Algerians, Afghans and\nIraqis. Of these, 7,144 applied for asylum in 2013 and 2,031 applied from 1 January to 31 March 2014,\nalthough the majority in the latter category arrived in late 2013.\n\n\nBetween 1 January and 31 March 2014, 2,781 individuals were granted international protection [8] in\nBulgaria. The vast majority were Syrians (2,513) followed by persons of Palestinian origin from Syria\n(223), and Iraqis (27). International protection was also granted to applicants of other nationalities,\nincluding Afghans (10), Iranians (4), Somalis (2) and Ethiopians (2). During the same timeframe, 61\nasylum-seekers from Afghanistan (3), Myanmar (2), Ghana (1), Egypt (1), India (2), Iraq (18), Iran (15),\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (7), Mali (7) and Syria (5) were rejected at first instance. [9] 51 asylum-seekers who received\na final negative decision introduced subsequent applications for international protection.\n\n\nUNHCR has provided technical equipment and training to improve the data collection process regarding asylum-seekers and beneficiaries of international protection, including disaggregated data reflecting age and gender. UNHCR and European Asylum Support Office (EASO) continue to work with the\nBulgarian State Agency for Refugees (SAR) in order to enhance the capacity of staff with regard to\n\n\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\n\n\n\n6 Data shared by the Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees (SAR).\n\n\n7 All of them have been formally registered by SAR and have been issued with a Registration Card.\n\n\n8 \u00071,494 were recognized as refugees and 1,287 were given subsidiary protection (the latter referred to as Humanitarian Status\n\nunder the Bulgarian Law on Asylum and Refugees).\n\n\n9 Note that information on asylum claims rejected on appeal stage is not yet readily available.\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum claims", - "confidence": 0.7663074731826782, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8952767252922058, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5713067650794983, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.5259882807731628, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6456313729286194, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9286400675773621, - "start": 287, - "end": 289 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6558065414428711, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9392153024673462, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Bulgarian Law on Asylum and Refugees", - "confidence": 0.5058849453926086, - "start": 396, - "end": 402 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8662691116333008, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5359567999839783, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6264708042144775, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.2 Border management, access to territory and registration of applications\n\n\nBetween 1 January and 31 March 2014, 376 third-country nationals were apprehended for irregular\nentry through the \u201cgreen border\u201d as well as 86 at official border crossings at the Bulgarian-Turkish\nborder. The Border Police reported that of these, 255 applied for international protection [10] .\n\n\nIt should be recalled that the number of asylum-seekers reaching Bulgaria began to increase in mid2013. In October alone there were 3,626 new arrivals. In early November 2013, 1,500 police were\ndeployed to reinforce controls along the Bulgarian-Turkish border in the Elhovo region. The number of\nnew arrivals then decreased dramatically. Approximately 160 of these police have since been removed\nas the number of new arrivals has decreased. Preparations have commenced for the erection of a\nfence along the border between the villages of Lesovo and Kraynovo.\n\n\nUNHCR remains seriously concerned that measures to control irregular entry to Bulgaria prevent people in need of international protection from entering and requesting asylum in Bulgaria. UNHCR is\nalso seriously concerned about reports that individuals who may be in need of international protection have been prevented from reaching or entering Bulgarian territory or have been forcibly returned\nfrom Bulgarian territory without being able to apply for international protection. In some cases these\n\u201cpush-backs\u201d have resulted in family separations. UNHCR has received several reports of these alleged \u201cpush-backs\u201d from Bulgaria concerning nationals of Syria, Afghanistan and Sudan, as well as\nPalestinians from Syria.\n\n\nAccording to information provided to UNHCR, in the first three months of 2014, Bulgarian Border Police recorded 255 applications for international protection and notified SAR within 24 hours as required\nby law. While the majority have not been penalised for irregular entry, 27 individuals were convicted of\nusing false documents [11] .\n\n\nFrontex has provided support for interpretation services to the Border Police at their official checkpoints. In addition, following the increase in the number of new arrivals, the Border Police have hired\nprofessional interpretation services. UNHCR\u2019s legal partner, the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee (BHC)\nprovides legal information and counselling to asylum-seekers at the border check points, in the detention facilities run by the Directorate of Migration (DoM) including the Elhovo Triage Centre, and the\nSpecial Centres for Temporary Accommodation of Foreigners (SCTAFs) in Bustmansi and Lyubimets.\nBHC also provides brochures in Farsi, Pashto, Arabic, English and Kurdish to complement the one\nprovided by the Government.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n - \u0007While recognising the need of the authorities to control Bulgaria\u2019s borders, UNHCR urges the\nGovernment of Bulgaria to ensure that the mechanisms put in place respect fundamental rights,\nincluding the principle of _non-refoulement,_ and the right to asylum, and allow people in need of\ninternational protection to enter Bulgaria and obtain access to fair and efficient asylum procedures.\n\n - \u0007More particularly for the Border Police carrying out the surveillance of land borders and/or conducting border checks, UNHCR recalls their responsibility to inform people who arrive at the border\nand may be in need of international protection, where and how applications for international protection may be lodged . To that end, Bulgaria needs to ensure that, in accordance with EU Directive\n2013/32/EU [12], border authorities have the relevant information and receive the necessary training.\nUNHCR stands ready to provide the necessary training on how to identify persons who may be in\nneed of international protection and refer them to the competent authorities.\n\n\n10 Data shared by the Ministry of Interior\n\n\n11 \u0007Based on Bulgarian Helsinki Committee\u2019s border monitoring, of these cases, 27 individuals were convicted for usage of\n\nfalsified documents, which is not de-penalized in Bulgaria. This \u2018\u2019offence\u2019\u2019 is not dropped even if the person has applied for\nasylum (and this prosecution is without prejudice to the individual\u2019s asylum claim).\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n12 \u0007Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting\n\nand withdrawing international protection (recast).\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.3 Detention\n\n\nUnder Bulgarian law, border or immigration police may detain people on grounds of unauthorised\nentry, irregular residence or lack of valid identity documents. Persons arrested on these grounds are\nnormally subject to removal. By law, asylum-seekers have to be transferred within 24 hours from the\nBorder Police to SAR reception facilities. In practice, asylum-seekers are transferred by the Border Police within 24 hours to the Elhovo Triage Centre, a detention centre, where they spend between three\nand five days before being transferred to a SAR reception facility.\n\n\nIrregular immigrants, on the other hand, are kept in the SCTAFs, pre-removal detention centres [13] managed by the Directorate of Migration. If they apply for asylum while in detention, they are transferred\nto a SAR facility where they are registered. In all detention centres managed by the Directorate of\nMigration, detainees receive food regularly, have access to medical care when needed, have access\nto basic recreational activities which includes television, and have access to outdoor recreation areas.\nUNHCR provided some books in Arabic, Dari, Farsi and French in Bustmansi.\n\n\nUNHCR, through its legal partner BHC, provides regular legal counselling to asylum-seekers in detention with the service of interpreters. Social counselling including referral to BHC is also provided on a\nweekly basis by another implementing partner, Bulgarian Red Cross (BRC).\n\n\nAs of 31 March 2014, there were no unaccompanied children in detention. Previously, five had been\nsent to SCTAFs by the Border Police together with adults with whom they arrived, although they were\nnot actually related to each other. However, when it was later established through registration or subsequent interview that they should have been considered unaccompanied children, the Directorate\nof Migration referred those who were not applying for international protection to the Child Protection\nServices and they were subsequently released from detention. Unaccompanied children who did apply for international protection were referred to SAR. DoM does not undertake age assessments and\naccepts the age given by the child. SAR can undertake age assessments if necessary.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n - \u0007Persons detained on grounds of unauthorised entry, irregular residence or lack of valid identity\ndocuments who make an application for international protection should be released and transferred from SCTAFs and Elhovo Triage Centre to SAR centres within 24 hours in accordance with\nthe law.\n\n - \u0007Border Police should be provided with further training on identification of unaccompanied children,\nand procedures to facilitate such identification need to be established. UNHCR is ready to offer\nsupport for this.\n\n\n13 Busmantsi and Lyubimets.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.4 Reception facilities, basic and specific needs\n\n\nAs of 27 March 2014, the capacity of the seven SAR centres (Reception and Registration Centres\n\u2013Banya, Sofia and Harmanli, Transit Centre Pastrogor, Accommodation Centres of Voenna Rampa,\nVrazdebhna and Kovachevtsi ) reached 4,150 spaces with an 82% occupancy rate. SAR expects to\nreach a capacity of 6,000 places by the end of April 2014.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers are expected to leave the reception centres within 14 days of receiving a final decision\non their claim. However, in practice SAR has tolerated many refugees and holders of subsidiary protection staying in reception centres mainly because they lack the resources to rent adequate housing\nin the absence of social assistance and integration programmes in place for beneficiaries of international protection, and considering the winter weather period. As of 27 March 2014, there were 1,243\nrefugees and holders of subsidiary protection staying in SAR centres.\n\n\nSAR has hired 160 additional staff since December 2013, of whom 50 are permanent and 110 have\ntemporary EU funded contracts until the end of April 2014. According to the Government of Bulgaria,\nalternative funding extending beyond 30 April is being secured. The new staff include mainly registration officers and interviewers but also staff who provide social services. SAR informed that in addition\none social worker has been recently appointed for each reception centre. The vast majority of newly\nrecruited staff have received training and support on the management of reception centres, including\non prevention and response to Gender Based Violence (GBV) and the identification of persons with\nspecific needs by UNHCR, and on the Asylum Procedure Determination and registration by EASO.\n\n\nGENERAL LIVING CONDITIONS\n\n\nConditions observed in the centres have improved significantly in comparison with the situation observed in December 2013, particularly in the facility of Harmanli which currently accommodates more\nthan 1,000 people. Harmanli no longer operates under a closed regime.\n\n\nAsylum-seekers have access to primary medical care services, interpretation services for the registration and asylum process, heating, separate facilities for single men and women and a monthly\nassistance of 65 BGN (33 euros). In February and March 2014, some administrative delays were encountered with these payments but action was taken to address this by the Bulgarian authorities and\nall February payments have since been made. However there are still delays in the March payments.\n\n\nNevertheless, UNHCR remains concerned about the accommodation and sanitary conditions in\nVrazdebhna and Voenna Rampa centres which at present host 811 asylum-seekers, the majority of\nwhom are Syrian. Sanitary facilities are very limited in these centres, with an inadequate number of\ntoilets, bathrooms with limited access to hot water, and sewage systems with persistent blockages.\nTwo cases of Hepatitis A have been confirmed.\n\n\nIn addition, in these two centres, families with children are obliged to share the same room with other\nfamilies resulting in inappropriate living space for each person, with only flimsy sheets separating families from each other. These conditions do not allow privacy or respect for family life. In addition, due to\nlimited occupational and recreational activities, asylum-seekers are idle most of the time.\n\n\nWhile SAR has undertaken renovation work to improve both these centres, including the sanitation and\naccommodation problems, work is still on-going. Meanwhile measures have been taken to mitigate\nthe problems including the installation of chemical toilets and mobile shower rooms. Residents were\noffered alternative accommodation but preferred to remain in these centres pending completion of the\nrenovations. In Banya, families with children have been moved from the open-space areas to individual\nrooms.\n\n\nLaundry facilities/washing machines are available in the centres in Sofia, Banya and Pastrogor. In\nKovachevtsi, SAR organizes a weekly external laundry service. The Dutch Red Cross is financing the\ninstallation by BRC of washing machines for Harmanli, Voenna Rampa and Vrazdebhna. It is expected\nthat they will be installed by April 2014.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Asylum-seekers in the reception centres have access to information in writing concerning their entitlements and obligations, as well as the rules of the centres. They also have access to information in\nBulgarian about services offered by aid organizations. Efforts are made to verbally explain the contents\nof the documents to asylum-seekers.\n\n\nBesides Kovachevtsi, where there is a gym, TV room and a pool table, there are no recreational activities available for adults in any of the centres.\n\n\nPROVISION OF FOOD\n\n\nUNHCR distributed hot meals in December 2013 to Harmanli, and in January 2014 to Harmanli and\nthe three centres of Kovachevtsi, Voenna Rampa and Vrazdebhna. SAR took over this responsibility\nfor all the centres in the beginning of February 2014. Residents currently receive two hot meals a day.\n\n\nRegular visits and monitoring carried out in the different centres by UNHCR have indicated that asylum-seekers find the quality and quantity of the food satisfactory. Communal kitchens, where asylum-seekers can prepare their own food, are available in Banya, Pastrogor, Sofia and Kovachevtsi.\nUNHCR is planning to start the construction of communal cooking facilities in Harmanli, Vrazdebhna\nand Voenna Rampa in April 2014. Baby food and food for people with special dietary needs has been\nprovided by NGOs through donations. However, on 31 March 2014, SAR concluded an agreement for\nthe provision of baby food from April 2014.\n\n\nHEALTH CARE\n\n\nSAR has recruited doctors and nurses for three of its centres (Sofia, Banya and Pastrogor) while the\ncentres of Harmanli, Voenna Rampa and Vrazdebhna rely on the medical assistance temporarily provided by the M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) team through weekly consultations. MSF is preparing\nto phase out in Harmanli, Voenna Rampa and Vrazdebhna by the end of May 2014 and is working\nin cooperation with SAR to designate general practitioners who can cover the medical needs of the\nresidents of these centres. One Arabic-speaking doctor has already been selected and is working\nalongside MSF in Vrazdebhna during this period of transition.\n\n\nIn Kovachevtsi, SAR has arranged a periodic consultation by a doctor from the local hospital pending\na longer-term arrangement, and there is also an Arabic-speaking nurse in the facility.\n\n\nASYLUM-SEEKERS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS\n\n\nUNHCR remains concerned about the lack of systematic identification of persons with specific needs,\nas well as a system to respond to such needs once identified.\n\n\nSAR introduced a questionnaire for use by their staff for the early identification of asylum-seekers\nwith specific needs, however this questionnaire is not systematically used and only serves to identify\nvictims of trauma. Where specific needs are identified by SAR, their staff does not have the capacity\nto respond to their needs. Civil society, including the BRC and the Assistance Centre for Torture Survivors (ACET) [14], attempt to bridge the gap, to a certain extent, by identifying people with specific needs,\nbut their efforts bring limited support as they depend on available resources.\n\n\nBanya has recently been designated as a centre for vulnerable asylum-seekers, particularly women\nwith children, and unaccompanied minors. So far, tailored accommodation units for them have not yet\nbeen established, nor are there plans for Banya to receive other groups of persons with specific needs,\nsuch as persons with reduced mobility.\n\n\nAs a result of the European Refugee Fund (ERF)funded and UNHCR-led \u201cResponse to Vulnerability in\nAsylum\u201d project in 2013, the Bulgarian authorities are working with UNHCR to implement standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the identification and appropriate response to persons with specific needs.\n\n\n14 Using mainly the PROTECT tool for assessing the specific needs of asylum-seekers.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CHILDREN IN SAR CENTRES\n\n\nConditions for children have improved with the establishment of child friendly spaces [15] in the reception centres in Vrazdebhna, Banya, Kovachevtsi and the Transit Centre in Pastrogor. However, most\nchildren still do not have access to the Bulgarian school curriculum as they cannot pass a placement\ntest in Bulgarian, notwithstanding that a vast majority of them have spent more than five months in\nBulgaria after their parents claimed asylum. In the absence of government-funded Bulgarian language\nclasses for children in all centres but one, in March 2014, UNHCR initiated, through its implementing\npartner Caritas, language classes for children (see section. 2.7 for further information). UNHCR has\nalso started Bulgarian language classes for adults.\n\n\nThere is no specific accommodation for the 80 unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in the centres (36 in Sofia, 12 in Banya, 2 in Pastrogor, 21 in Harmanli, 5 in Vrazdebhna and 4 in Kovachevtsi),\nalthough Banya has recently been designated as a centre for unaccompanied children (and women\nwith children). Additionally, they still lack an effective representative or guardian. Social workers under\nthe Agency for Social Protection play a limited role in assisting during interviews on their application\nfor international protection and maintaining files. In many aspects of daily life including specialized\nmedical treatment, school enrolment, issuance of identity documents, social workers are not authorized to legally represent the child. After unaccompanied asylum-seeking children are granted refugee\nstatus or subsidiary protection, SAR informs the Agency for Social Assistance so that they can be\naccommodated in the local Children\u2019s Medical and Social Care Homes. Some of them are accommodated in specialized institutions after the grant of status in which case the Director of this institution\nautomatically becomes the guardian of the child. This facilitates the issuance of an identity card which\nis impossible in the absence of a legal representative. Unaccompanied children still accommodated in\nSAR reception centres cannot obtain identity cards until they reach the age of 18 as they do not have\na legally appointed guardian.\n\n\nA EASO \u201cAsylum Support Team\u201d is providing support to Bulgaria concerning the identification and referral of unaccompanied children (including appointment of guardians and age assessment). A manual\non the identification of vulnerable persons was developed by EASO and SAR addressing further needs\nfor reception facilities in this regard.\n\n\nASYLUM-SEEKERS LIVING OUTSIDE SAR CENTRES\n\n\nThere are 3,358 asylum-seekers living at external addresses as of 27 March 2014. All have been registered. They are not entitled to benefit from the services offered in the SAR centres. Asylum-seekers\nat external addresses are covered through the national health care system. On an ad hoc basis, SAR\nhas allowed their access to the medical facilities run by M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) in the Sofia\nreception centres. While this exceptional arrangement is based on a general understanding extended\nby SAR, there is no formal arrangement, guarantees or capacity to include those living outside the\ncentres in the MSF-provided services.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n- \u0007UNHCR acknowledges the efforts made by the Bulgarian authorities to redeploy staff to SAR as\nwell as to recruit new staff for SAR, and encourages the continuation of such measures beyond\nApril 2014.\n\n- \u0007UNHCR remains seriously concerned about the poor living conditions in Vrazdebhna and Voenna\nRampa centres and urges the Bulgarian authorities to continue their work on improving these\nconditions and ensuring proper sanitation and accommodation in a manner which respects human\ndignity, privacy and family life.\n\n- \u0007UNHCR emphasises the need for continued funding for the newly hired SAR staff in order to maintain and strengthen reception conditions and processing capacity.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n15 \u0007For example, in Harmanli and Pastrogor, there are rooms for informal education with UNICEF provided materials, in Banya\n\nthere is a playground. However in Vrazdebhna and Voenna Rampa there are only spaces for informal activities.\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.5 Registration of asylum claims\n\n\nSAR registration staff has been reinforced and by 27 March 2014 there were 33 staff (14 male and 19\nfemale) conducting registration which is carried out in Sofia, Banya, Harmanli and the Transit Centre\nPastrogor.\n\n\nFollowing EASO\u2019s extensive training of, and other support to, SAR staff, the registration process has\nbeen streamlined and takes place within 48 hours of the arrival of an asylum-seeker at the reception\ncentres of Sofia, Banya and Harmanli and in the Transit Centre Pastrogor. According to SAR, there\nis no longer a backlog for the registration of applications for international protection for persons accommodated within SAR facilities, nor is there a backlog for those who have opted to live at external\naddresses. All those who have applied for international protection have been issued registration cards.\nIn cases of individuals requesting asylum at the border, during the 3-5 day waiting period for full registration, the Bulgarian authorities have given assurances that they are protected against _refoulement_\npending complete registration and issuance of a registration card.\n\n\n16 \u0007Article 5(2) of Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the\n\nreception of applicants for international protection (recast).\n\n\n17 _Ibid.,_ Article 22(1).\n\n\n18 _Ibid.,_ Article 14.\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.6 Assessment and decision-making on asylum claims\n\n\nBetween 1 January and 31 March 2014, SAR granted refugee status to 1,494 individuals and subsidiary protection status to 1,287 individuals. 61 applications for international protection were rejected.\nThe majority of those who received refugee or subsidiary protection status were Syrians (2,513), followed by Palestinians coming from Syria (223). In addition, SAR has discontinued the examination of\nan application for international protection in 563 cases, because the individuals had not appeared for\ninterviews during the prescribed period. UNHCR is encouraged by the faster processing and the higher recognition rate of refugee claims, as opposed to subsidiary protection status, following the training\nby EASO and the increase in the number of interviewers to 38 (20 male and 18 female). UNHCR notes\nthe encouraging balance between men and women interviewers.\n\n\nIn terms of quality control, UNHCR and BHC have reviewed 40 case files and have observed contradictions and inconsistencies in approximately 80% of those reviewed, with no indication of whether the\nasylum-seeker was given an opportunity to explain these contradictions during the asylum interview.\nThese contradictions have been used as a basis for rejection. In addition, some written decisions fail\nto make a clear link between statements made during interviews and the basis of the decision, which\nmake an eventual appeal difficult. Audio recording is possible; however, it was not used in most of the\ncases. SAR has a quality audit unit. The staff of this unit are also tasked with the Dublin procedure.\n\n\nSince March 2013, the law provides for mandatory legal aid for asylum-seekers in all instances, sponsored through the State budget. However in the absence of a budget, the law remains theoretical.\nFrom April 2014, the National Bureau for Legal Aid will provide legal aid during the procedure at first\ninstance thanks to recently received ERF funding managed by SAR. However, the State does not\nprovide legal aid to rejected asylum-seekers who submit subsequent applications unless they provide\nnew evidence. In practice BHC, UNHCR\u2019s partner, assists asylum-seekers who receive a negative\ndecision with the preparation and the submission of an appeal, including the documentation required\nto apply for free representation during the appeal. In some cases, BHC may themselves represent the\nasylum-seeker during the appeal.\n\n\nAsylum claims are being processed in a timely manner, including for non-Syrian applicants, as indicated by the previously mentioned statistics of those granted status in 2014. The legal time frame for\na first instance decision is three months and there has to be one eligibility interview within two months\nof registration. The law allows for a further three month extension.\n\n\nEASO has provided updated country of origin information as well as training to SAR staff on international, European and Bulgarian asylum law, interviewing techniques, interviewing vulnerable people,\nworking with interpreters and preparation of written decisions and is providing support to improve the\nquality of the Bulgarian asylum procedure. Since January 2014, SAR set up a country of origin information unit to support case workers.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n- \u0007UNHCR urges the Bulgarian authorities to take into account UNHCR\u2019s eligibility guidelines, protection considerations and other sources of information, particularly regarding asylum-seekers from\ncountries other than Syria. UNHCR is ready to support the Bulgarian authorities with regard to this.\n\n- \u0007SAR staff needs further training in credibility assessment and UNHCR is ready to provide support\nin this respect.\n\n- \u0007UNHCR recommends that SAR staff in the quality audit unit receive further training.\n\n- \u0007UNHCR welcomes Bulgaria\u2019s law providing for mandatory legal aid for asylum-seekers in all instances and urges the authorities to implement this law, in particular to effectively provide for free\nlegal aid to asylum-seekers in appeals procedures.\n\n- \u0007Funding needs to be made available to continue and strengthen the provision of quality legal aid\nand representation.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case files", - "confidence": 0.9384730458259583, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seeker", - "confidence": 0.645276665687561, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics of those granted status", - "confidence": 0.9377250671386719, - "start": 450, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9979840517044067, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "non-Syrian applicants", - "confidence": 0.9160510897636414, - "start": 441, - "end": 443 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.7 \u0007Protection and other rights of those qualifying\nfor refugee or subsidiary status\n\n\nSince the previous National Programme for Integration of Refugees (NPIR), ended in December 2013,\nthere is no integration programme in place. The Government is working towards the establishment of\na new integration programme involving local municipalities. The new plan is expected to cover 2,000\nstatus holders in 2014 with its main priorities supporting refugees and subsidiary protection beneficiaries with specific needs. However, the State budget to fund this programme has not yet been approved.\n\n\nThere continues to be a gap with regard to access to health care when asylum-seekers are recognized\nas refugees or are granted subsidiary protection, due to the change in their health care status which\ncan take up to two months. In the meantime, they may appear as \u201cuninsured\u201d in the electronic systems\nof the National Insurance. Additionally they have to pay a monthly instalment of approximately 17 BGN\n(8.7 euros) in order to access the services of the national health insurance, as do nationals. Medicines\nare not covered and neither is psychological care.\n\n\nRefugees have difficulties securing stable employment not only due to the adverse economic situation in Bulgaria; but also due to some structural obstacles and lack of targeted support to overcome\nbarriers. Among the obstacles noted are lack of recognition of previous qualifications; absence of the\nmeans to secure adequate housing; and the lack of language support. Other barriers which adversely\nimpact on the search for employment include health issues following experiences of flight; the time\nspent in the asylum system; absence of and concern for family members, coupled with lack of facilitated family reunification; and lack of a support network. SAR is trying to help beneficiaries of international protection through job fairs, including one that took place in March 2014 in Voenna Rampa and\nSofia.\n\n\nLack of adequate and affordable housing is another area seriously affecting the integration of beneficiaries of protection in Bulgaria. In the absence of support to find suitable accommodation, those\ngranted status have to stay in reception centres with no, or very limited, ability to integrate into Bulgarian society.\n\n\nAnother key element for successful integration is education. The government has only been able to\nprovide language classes in one reception centre.\n\n\nAccording to the LAR [19], beneficiaries of international protection and asylum-seekers under 18 years of\nage have access to education according to the same conditions applicable to Bulgarian citizens. However, an Ordinance issued by the Ministry of Education and Science (MOE) in 2000 on the admission\nof refugees in state and municipal schools in Bulgaria provides that before being enrolled in Bulgarian municipal schools, refugee and asylum-seeking children must successfully complete a language\ncourse at SAR under a programme approved by the Ministry of Education and Science. Subsequently,\nchildren wishing to be enrolled in school from grade 2 have to take an exam held in Bulgarian in order\nto determine the grade in which they will be enrolled under the Bulgarian public curriculum.\n\n\nIn practice, children only have access to one language course provided by SAR in one of the reception\ncentres in Sofia. This course is only available to a small proportion of children, namely those who are\nor have been accommodated in the centre in Sofia. As of March 2014, children who are accommodated in the other six SAR reception centres, mainly asylum-seekers but including some beneficiaries\nof international protection, have access to UNHCR-funded informal Bulgarian language courses provided by CARITAS, as previously noted. These informal courses are not certified under a programme\napproved by the Ministry of Education and Science (MoE). SAR has supported the provision of these\ncourses.\n\n\n19 Art. 26 of the Bulgarian Law on Asylum and Refugees (LAR).\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As a matter of principle, where the asylum claim of a person transferred under the Dublin Regulation\nto Bulgaria has not been decided substantively, the asylum procedure is re-opened at the stage where\nit left off, provided the person gives consent to continue his/her asylum procedure in Bulgaria. There\nare no additional requirements and an examination on the merits is ensured. Should the transferred\nindividual wish to continue his/her asylum procedure in Bulgaria and depending on the stage of his/her\nprocedure, the person will most likely be transferred to a SAR centre and will enjoy the same entitlements as other asylum-seekers.\n\n\nIf the application has been suspended and the applicant fails to appear before SAR within three\nmonths following the suspension of the procedure, the law stipulates that the applicant\u2019s procedure\n(not the claim) be terminated _in absentia._ _[20]_ However in practice, upon return following a transfer under\nthe Dublin Regulation, if an interview on the merits was not yet conducted, access to such an eligibility\ninterview will be ensured. Decisions cannot be considered in accordance with the law if the interview\nwas omitted, unless it concerns a \u201cmedically established case of insanity or other mental disorder, or\nany other objective reason\u201d in accordance with the provisions of Bulgarian law [21] .\n\n\nIf the asylum claim of the person returned to Bulgaria under the Dublin Regulation was already decided\non its merits and s/he received a final negative decision which has entered into force, the person is\nre-admitted to the country, but then treated as an asylum-seeker whose application for international\nprotection was rejected in a final decision unless he/she introduces a subsequent application.\n\n\nOnly asylum-seekers whose claims were rejected through a final decision and who do not make a\nsubsequent application can be held in a detention centre under the Directorate of Migration in order\nto carry out the removal process.\n\n\nAccording to SAR and Border Police data, between 1 January and 27 March 2014, 11 asylum-seekers\nand two beneficiaries of humanitarian status were transferred to Bulgaria from Hungary, Sweden and\nSwitzerland under the \u201ctake back\u201d provision of the Dublin Regulation. [22]\n\n\n20 Art. 15 of the LAR.\n\n\n21 _Ibid.,_ Art. 63 (a).\n\n\n22 Data communicated by SAR or obtained through the protection monitoring conducted by UNHCR and its partner.\n\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In one case, the asylum-seeker was notified about the final rejection of his asylum application following his transfer under the Dublin Regulation back to Bulgaria, and he was sent to a detention facility\nunder the Directorate of Migration pending removal. The decision on his application for international\nprotection had been issued in _absentia_ under Article 76 paragraphs 4-6 of the LAR.\n\n\nThe other individuals were not detained and were transferred to SAR reception facilities where their\nasylum cases have been re-opened with their consent. The transferees have had access to written\ninformation about the asylum process [23] and they have been (re)-issued a registration card to protect\nthem against _refoulement._\n\n\nAs of 31March 2014, there are 1,628 pending incoming requests for information (195) and/or transfers\nof persons under take back (614) and take charge (819) provisions of the Dublin Regulation to Bulgaria\nsent to SAR by other Dublin participating States. This number of incoming Dublin requests being\naddressed to Bulgaria may increase in the coming months. Only the effective expansion of the SAR\nreception capacity to 6,000 persons by the end of April 2014 may avoid that the reception system be\nagain overstretched in case of effective transfers of those pending Dublin requests. Asylum processing capacity will also need to be expanded or at a minimum maintained after April 2014 with the same\namount of caseworker staff in case of effective Dublin transfers or a new influx of arrivals.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2.9 Anti-foreigner and anti-refugee sentiment\n\n\nWith the decrease in arrivals and the improvement of conditions, the media has moved on from the\n\u2018refugee\u2019 issue and the reporting has become more balanced. Furthermore, the Bulgarian authorities\nhave taken steps to address instances of anti-refugee and anti-foreigner sentiment, including through\nstatements of the President and the Prime Minister publicly condemning racist attacks and rhetoric.\nOn 14 February 2014, following the attack on the Dzhumaya Mosque in Plovdiv, they published a second joint declaration calling for guarantees of civil, ethnic and religious peace, and the police detained\nover 120 people in connection with the attack.\n\n\nDespite these positive steps, anti-foreigner political parties are enjoying rising popularity. On 19 February, an Iraqi asylum seeker was assaulted by three unidentified men in Sofia. The Canadian billionaire\nYank Barry abandoned his plans to populate \u2018\u2018ghost\u2019\u2019 villages in the northwest of the country with Syrian refugees by purchasing houses and land, claiming that his charity \u2018Global Village Champions\u2019 was\nbombarded with hate mail. Refugees and asylum-seekers continue to be harassed and fear hostility\nfrom the public. Albeit small in scale, recent public protests show discontent about the presence of\nrefugees. In Harmanli many local residents are against the \u2018open\u2019 policy of the centre.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n - \u0007UNHCR welcomes and encourages the efforts of the Bulgarian authorities to counter xenophobic\nincidents and stands ready cooperate with further efforts in this regard.\n\n\n23 Article 58(6) of LAR.\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 3. Engagement to improve the response: Bulgaria, UNHCR, EU bodies, civil society and others\n\nOn 14 October 2013, Bulgaria asked for support from EASO and signed, on 17 October, an Operating Plan on the provision of technical support to the Bulgarian asylum and reception system. Since\nNovember 2013, EASO has deployed 22 Asylum Support Teams, comprising of 51 experts, to provide\ntechnical and operational support to the Bulgarian authorities. The European Commission and Member States also provided support to Bulgaria.\n\n\nFollowing the visit by the High Commissioner for Refugees to Bulgaria in November 2013, and the support offered by UNHCR to Bulgaria as a result of this visit, UNHCR also undertook a number of measures to improve the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Bulgaria. These included: deployment\nof a multi-functional emergency team in December 2013; enhancing staffing capacity; setting up of\nthree rubhalls in Harmanli, Voenna Rampa and Vrazdebhna to create child friendly spaces; support\nto SAR in establishing a response coordination mechanism with other UN agencies, BRC and NGOs;\nprovision of training, including on camp management and camp coordination; support for information\nto asylum-seekers and refugees and psychosocial care through BRC; presence of UNHCR staff in all\ncentres for monitoring purposes, but also to identify cases in need of special follow-up; opening of an\ninformation centre in Sofia; setting-up an outreach programme for refugees and asylum-seekers living\noutside SAR centres; and direct support for some of the refurbishment works needed in SAR centres.\n\n\nSeveral countries, among including Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Netherlands and the USA have provided bilateral financial or in-kind assistance to the Bulgarian authorities\nin the spirit of solidarity and have greatly contributed to improve conditions for the asylum-seekers and\nrefugees. Civil society has played and is continuing to play an essential role.\n\n\nUNHCR acknowledges Bulgaria\u2019s positive steps to improve the situation, strengthen its capacity to\nprovide protection, and fulfil its obligations in the short and longer term. This is a clear acknowledgement of the responsibility that Bulgaria bears to afford international protection and access to rights\nunder international, European and national legal instruments.\n\n\nUNHCR also welcomes the contributions made by EU bodies, in particular the European Commission\nwith its generous funding, and EASO which, through its Operating Plan, has provided training on Registration, Asylum Procedures, EU Asylum _Acquis_ and Country of Origin information and has deployed\nAsylum Support Teams.\n\n###### **Recommendations**\n\n\n- \u0007More support will be required as Bulgaria strives to ensure that asylum-seekers and beneficiaries\nof international protection have access to the rights and assistance to which they are entitled, and\nUNHCR calls upon all stakeholders to continue with their efforts in support of the Bulgarian authorities.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 4. Sustainability and consolidation of efforts undertaken\n\nWhile UNHCR welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Bulgarian authorities, mainly by SAR in cooperation with civil society and acknowledges improvements, UNHCR remains concerned over the\nsustainability and the consolidation of these endeavours in the medium and longer-term.\n\n\nUNHCR notes that some initiatives were undertaken on an _ad hoc_ basis, mainly by NGOs and Bulgarian civil society, in response to a crisis, without ensuring SAR\u2019s capacity to take over, for example in the\nareas of support for people with specific needs and the monitoring of their situation, provision of recreational activities for children, and sustained provision of legal aid and representation at all instances.\n\n\nUNHCR positively acknowledges the increase in the number of those recognised as in need of international protection, particularly Syrians. However, UNHCR remains concerned that in the absence\nof a solid strategy and sustainable programme to ensure access to livelihoods, affordable housing,\nlanguage acquisition, and effective access to formal education for children, beneficiaries of international protection may not have effective access to self-reliance opportunities and thus may be at risk\nof poverty and homelessness.\n\n\nUNHCR reiterates its concern over the measures undertaken by the Bulgarian authorities, as of November 2013, to restrict access to the territory along the Turkish border, which has resulted in drastic\ndecrease of arrivals since December 2013. Although a decrease in the number of new asylum-seekers\nhas enabled the authorities to focus on addressing shortfalls in the reception and asylum system,\nmeasures to deter entrance cannot be regarded as an appropriate response to address an influx of\npeople in need of international protection. This needs to be addressed by developing and implementing a strategy to prepare for, mitigate and respond to pressure on the asylum system.\n\n\nWhile the Bulgarian authorities\u2019 efforts to address the gaps revealed by the previous influx in 2013 has\nbeen possible in this short time-frame, UNHCR notes that the Bulgarian authorities may face additional challenges in the future should the number of asylum-seekers increase, through either effective\ntransfers under the Dublin Regulation or an influx of new arrivals.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 5. Conclusion\n\nBetween 1 January and 31 March 2014, UNHCR has observed significant improvements in Bulgaria\nwith regard to registration, the processing of requests for international protection and the overall reception conditions for asylum-seekers in the reception centres. It is essential that these improvements,\nand the ones that are underway at the time of writing, are consolidated and rendered sustainable. It is\nalso crucial that the Government designs and implements a comprehensive integration programme for\nbeneficiaries of international protection.\n\n\nUNHCR would however like to underline the continuing weaknesses in the Bulgarian asylum system\nin particular with regard to access into Bulgaria at the border; inadequate reception conditions in two\nof the seven centres; lack of provision for the identification of people with specific needs, in particular\nthe needs of children generally and unaccompanied children in particular; lack of systems in place to\naddress those needs; the continuing need to improve the quality of the asylum adjudication process,\nincluding the provision of information in a language asylum-seekers understand; and an urgent need\nto provide access to education, health care and integration support to people who are recognised as\nin need of international protection.\n\n\nOn this basis, UNHCR would therefore like to highlight that, while deficiencies are no longer such as\nto justify a general suspension of Dublin transfers to Bulgaria, there may nevertheless be reasons\nprecluding transfers under Dublin for certain groups or individuals. UNHCR recommends that Dublin\nparticipating States conduct an individual assessment as to whether a transfer would be compatible\nwith States\u2019 obligations to protect an individual\u2019s fundamental rights under EU [24] and international law,\nin particular with regard to asylum-seekers who have specific needs or vulnerabilities. [25]\n\n\nUNHCR hopes that the Government of Bulgaria will implement the recommendations contained in this\nreport and stands ready to support the authorities in this respect, together with partners.\n\n\nUNHCR will continue to closely monitor developments in Bulgaria and will issue further observations\nif and when it may be warranted.\n\n\n24 See footnote 3.\n\n\n25 See footnote 4.\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\nKey features\n\n\nEngagement\nto improve\n\n\nSustainability\n& consolidation\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Observations:** Current Situation of Asylum in Bulgaria - April 2014 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/086ccda7-4df3-33b3-88e6-f5b320a5148e/UNHCR%20Observations%20Situation%20of%20Asylum%20in%20Bulgaria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_705/raw/doc_705_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_705/raw/doc_705_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ccd2688a7b10069fc4e6e78eb3d0de2a48ecf4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_705/raw/doc_705_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As of September 2024, Indonesia is host to 11,735 refugees and asylum-seekers (6,548 families)\nresiding primarily in urban areas throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Almost half of all refugees\nand asylum seekers are from Afghanistan, followed by Myanmar, Somalia, and 49 other countries.\nUNHCR has a country office in Jakarta and field presence in Aceh, Medan, Makassar, Pekanbaru, and\nTanjung Pinang.\n\n\nWhile Indonesia is not signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, there are provisions for refugee\nprotection embedded within domestic law (including the 1945 Constitution, the 1999 Human Rights\nLaw, and the 2016 Presidential Regulation on the Handling of Refugees) and Indonesia generally\nrespects the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement. UNHCR continues to work to\nadvance opportunities for refugee inclusion and participation in Indonesia, including by seeking to\nimprove access to self-reliance and to national education, health, civil registration, and social systems.\n\n\nUNHCR [1] supports the Government of Indonesia by undertaking core refugee protection functions,\nincluding registration, refugee status determination, gender-based violence prevention and response,\nchild protection, legal protection, and the pursuit of durable solutions. Approximately 48% of the\nrefugee population in Indonesia is residing in IOM-managed accommodation centers, established as\npart of the Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA) between Indonesia, the Government of Australia,\nand IOM in 2000. 42% of the refugee population \u2013 largely those who arrived in Indonesia after 2017\n\n- are living independently and, with the exception of the most vulnerable, do not receive financial\nsupport for food, rent, and basic needs. Approximately 10% of the refugee population is comprised of\nRohingya refugees who arrived by boat in recent years and who are residing primarily in temporary\nshelters in Aceh and North Sumatra.\n\n\nIndonesia\u2019s National Refugee Task Force, established in 2019, remains an important Government entity\nin the management of refugee affairs. Deputy V in POLHUKAM is the head of the National Refugee\nTask Force and members include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a wide range of security-focused\nactors. Several local refugee task forces operate in provinces hosting refugees and remain active and\nimportant counterparts. UNHCR also works with a range of partners in Indonesia, particularly IOM,\nYCWS, and YKMI in several areas of protection and assistance. In addition, UNHCR works with nongovernmental, civil society and refugee-led organizations, as well as other UN agencies working with\nand advocating for the rights of the refugee population in Indonesia.\n\n\n**Locations of Persons Registered with UNHCR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 The Government of Indonesia-UNHCR host country agreement has been in place since 1979.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Total Population**\n**11,735 Individuals**\n\n**(6,548 Cases)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Vulnerabilities***\n\n\nUnaccompanied or\n\nseparated child\n\n\nWoman at risk\n\n\nSingle parent\n\n\nChild at Risk\n\n\nDisability\n\n\nChronic Illness\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**136**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*One individual may have multiple specific needs_\n\n\n**2,288**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\n\n\n_*Pre-registration data refers to a headcount upon arrival or at disembarkation sites. Some individuals departed prior to registration with UNHCR._\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Registration and Documentation**\n\nUNHCR Indonesia undertakes registration of persons seeking asylum in Indonesia on behalf of the\nGovernment of Indonesia and issues UNHCR identity documentation. Registration interviews are\nprimarily conducted in-person for verification of biometric data and relevant records. Most\nregistration interviews take place at the Reception Center in Jakarta or during accommodation\nvisits/missions by the respective field team for individuals residing outside the greater Jakarta area. In\n2023, 2,547 individuals (1,324 cases) were registered by UNHCR Indonesia, which includes 1,225\nRohingya refugees registered during emergency registration missions following boat disembarkations\nin Aceh in November and December 2023. UNHCR Indonesia provides continuous registration services\nto registered refugees and asylum-seekers and maintains updated personal data in our internal\ndatabase to ensure vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers are identified and assisted with\nprotection interventions and solutions.\n\n### **Refugee Status Determination**\n\nIn the absence of comprehensive national refugee laws and national RSD processes, UNHCR\nundertakes refugee status determination (RSD) in Indonesia. As asylum-seekers have access to the\nsame rights and services as refugees in Indonesia, UNHCR uses RSD strategically for individuals with\nan immediate third country solution which requires refugee recognition (resettlement and some\ncomplementary pathways), cases with heightened protection concerns, and cases presenting with\nissues that need to be clarified through the RSD process. UNHCR also conducts RSD as part of its\nemergency response in the context of boat arrivals to identify those in need of international\nprotection.\n\n### **Child Protection**\n\nUNHCR and partners provide case management assistance to support children who are\nunaccompanied or separated from traditional caregivers or who are suffering from violence,\nexploitation, and neglect. UNHCR works with partners, including government partners, to assist\nchildren with heightened protection needs by providing legal assistance, safety and security, and\npsychological and health interventions as needed. UNHCR works with YCWS, our implementing\npartner, to provide assistance to unaccompanied children (UAC) in a Semi-Independent Living Care\nArrangement (SILCA) through which UAC are accommodated in a rented room and their basic needs\nare covered. In response to the emergency situation in Aceh, UNHCR is undertaking Best Interest\nAssessments (BIA) for the large number of UAC, child spouses, and other children at risk to better\nunderstand their needs and determine a protection approach that best addresses those needs.\n\n### **Gender-Based Violence (GBV)**\n\nUNHCR conducts case management for survivors of gender-based violence and refers them to support\nservices with their consent. Assistance may include medical care, psychosocial support, temporary\nsafe accommodation, assistance to report to police and in any legal process, and interventions to\nprotect impacted children, if required. UNHCR and YCWS run a GBV hotline that can be accessed by\nsurvivors of GBV 24 hours/day. Since July 2023, UNHCR has conducted a GBV prevention program\nthat seeks to increase awareness of the root causes of GBV and to build the capacity of the community\nto prevent and respond to GBV by Engaging Men in Accountable Practices (EMAP).\n\n### **Legal Support**\n\nUNHCR provides support to refugees and asylum seekers experiencing legal protection concerns,\nincluding individuals seeking international protection at air and sea borders who are unable to access\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Best Interest\nAssessments", - "confidence": 0.9676326513290405, - "start": 403, - "end": 406 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "BIA", - "confidence": 0.5193206071853638, - "start": 407, - "end": 408 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9190957546234131, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aceh", - "confidence": 0.991965651512146, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "particularly when they are at risk of refoulement, arrest, and detention.\n\n### **Financial Assistance**\n\nUNHCR assists a small number of extremely vulnerable refugees and asylum seekers with cash support\nto help meet basic needs. Together with partners, UNHCR conducts a socio-economic assessment of\ncases that have been identified as requiring financial assistance. Those cases that have heightened\nneeds are presented to a Socio-Economic and Health Panel (comprised of YCWS, JRS, and UNHCR) for\na determination of inclusion in the cash program. Those who qualify receive up to six months of cash\nassistance, following which a re-assessment is required to determine continued needs.\n\n### **Economic Empowerment**\n\nRefugees are not legally permitted to work in Indonesia. UNHCR advocates for refugees to be given\naccess to livelihoods opportunities and works with partners to create community empowerment and\nself-reliance programs that benefit Indonesians and refugees. These programs include vocational\ntrainings and entrepreneurships that also promote economic development in Indonesia. At the first\nGlobal Refugee Forum (GRF) in December 2019, the Indonesian Government pledged support to\nrefugee productivity and empowerment activities. This commitment was confirmed in the second\nGlobal Refugee Forum in December 2023. In September 2023, the Ministry of Manpower issued a\nCircular Note allowing refugee participation in skills training programs at government training centers.\nThe Circular and GRF commitment serve as pivotal entry points to advance economic empowerment.\n\n### **Education**\n\nThe Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology issued a Circular Note in\n2019, with amendments in 2022, allowing refugees and asylum seekers to access primary and\nsecondary formal and informal education in the national education system. Enrollment in local schools\nrequires a valid UNHCR document and competency in Indonesian language. UNHCR and our partners\nprovide preparation classes, covering Indonesian language and basic skills (reading, writing, and\nmath), as well as additional support (tuition fees, transport allowance and school supplies) to assist\nchildren to access local schools. IOM similarly supports refugee children living in IOM\naccommodations. Challenges to increase enrolment rates among refugee children include limited\ninterest on the part of refugee children to learn Indonesian, financial barriers, resettlement\nexpectations, the inability to obtain official documentation certifying completion of school (due to the\nlack of an Indonesian identification number), and inadequate physical space within classrooms to\naccommodate non-Indonesian children. As a result of these and other challenges, as of September\n2024, only 769 refugee children (of approximately 3,000 school age children) are enrolled in\naccredited national schools.\n\n### **Health**\n\nUNHCR is committed to ensuring that refugees and asylum seekers have access to lifesaving and lifesustaining health services. To achieve this, UNHCR continues to advocate with the Ministry of Health\nfor the inclusion of refugees in the national health system, including enabling access to national health\ninsurance, working towards the achievement of SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). All registered\nasylum seekers and refugees have access to low-cost primary health care at the local Community\nHealth Centers (PUSKESMAS), managed by the Government of Indonesia. Individuals requiring\nemergency or advanced health treatment may be financially supported by UNHCR through our health\npartner YCWS, within the parameters of established guidelines and budgetary restrictions. UNHCR\ncoverage is limited to critical interventions, mental health services, immunization, natal care, and\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "requests.\n\n### **Solutions - Resettlement**\n\nUNHCR Indonesia continues to identify and submit refugees for resettlement consideration. In 2024,\n950 resettlement spaces have been made available for refugees in Indonesia. UNHCR seeks to ensure\nthe most vulnerable refugees are prioritized for resettlement consideration, assessing heightened\nspecific needs and protection concerns, as well as length of stay in the country, when identifying cases\nfor submission.\n\n### **Solutions - Complementary Pathways**\n\nUNHCR Indonesia is working to expand access to complementary pathways for refugees in the country\nand provides information and guidance to refugees who may be eligible for these programs. Solutions\nthrough complementary pathways have increased in recent years, from no individual departures on\npathways in 2020 to over 300 departures in 2023. UNHCR recognizes and amplifies the link between\naccess to education, skills building, and empowerment activities in Indonesia with improved access to\neducation and labour mobility pathways in third countries. In this way, continued success with these\npathways also serves to reinforce and enhance advocacy with Indonesian authorities on the\nimportance of access to opportunities while in Indonesia. Since mid-2021, UNHCR has collaborated\nwith Talent Beyond Boundaries (TBB) on a project that matches refugee candidates in Indonesia with\nemployers in Australia and Canada to offer employment and a pathway to residency through labour\nmobility. In 2023, 328 individuals departed on a sponsorship pathway, eight refugees departed to a\nthird country on family reunification, and seven refugees departed to Canada and Australia on labour\nmobility programs.\n\n### **Solutions - Voluntary Repatriation**\n\nUNHCR facilitates voluntary repatriation for refugees and asylum seekers who request to return to\ntheir countries of origin, with arrangements often made in close cooperation with IOM through its\nAssisted Voluntary Return (AVR) program. During the course of 2023, 95 refugees voluntarily\nrepatriated from Indonesia, primarily to Sri Lanka and Iraq. Voluntary repatriation is impacted by\nongoing conflicts and human rights violations in countries of origin, which renders many unable to\nsafely return home and limits interest in repatriation.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Access to Territory**\n\nIn 2023 and 2024, boats carrying nearly 3,000 Rohingya refugees (the majority of whom are women\nand children) have landed in Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. According to information provided\nto UNHCR by the new arrivals, the increase in the number of individuals undertaking the sea journey\nhas been driven by a number of factors, including increasing insecurity in the camps in Bangladesh; a\ndecrease in the cost of the sea journey; continued instability in Myanmar; and a lack of progress in\ncreating conditions that would enable return to Myanmar, including addressing the root causes of\nRohingya displacement.\n\nWhile many Indonesians remain supportive of and sympathetic to the challenges facing Rohingya\nrefugees, the most recent boat arrivals have met unprecedented resistance in Indonesia. Some boats\nwere initially prevented from disembarking, many refugees were forced to relocate several times due\nrejection from local communities, and many of those who have disembarked have yet to be allocated\nan adequate shelter by Indonesian authorities. As a result, hundreds of refugees who have\ndisembarked in recent months are currently living in extremely perilous, overcrowded, and\nsubstandard conditions in which the protection and assistance response remained a challenge.\n\nWith partners, UNHCR continues to advocate with the Indonesian government at all levels and works\nto strengthen collaboration with coastal communities to ensure boats in distress at sea are rescued\nand able to disembark in Indonesia with adequate sites designated to host those who arrive by sea.\nIn addition to arrivals by sea, UNHCR continues to advocate with competent authorities when\ncontacted by individuals arriving by air if their right to seek asylum was denied at the airport.\n\n### **Resettlement Expectations**\n\nRefugees and authorities consider Indonesia to be a \u201ctransit country\u201d prior to the realization of a\nsolution in a third country. The refugee assistance models established by the Comprehensive Plan of\nAction for Indochinese Refugees and the Regional Cooperation Agreement, as well as\ndisproportionately high resettlement opportunities from Indonesia when compared to opportunities\nfrom many other host countries, have perpetuated this narrative. The pervasive and persistent\nmisconception regarding the extent to which refugees are entitled to resettlement and the belief that,\nwith time, resettlement will be accessible for all refugees in the country has a negative impact on the\nrefugee population and the protection space in Indonesia.\n\nWhile there have been some important advancements in refugee inclusion in Indonesia, the\ncharacterization of the refugee experience in Indonesia as a transient one creates little impetus for\npolicy makers to develop comprehensive and inclusive protection policies. For refugees, resettlement\nexpectations have discouraged engagement in constructive experiences in Indonesia, including\neducation, training, skills building, and self-empowerment opportunities; fostered a sense of\nunfairness, anxiety, and frustration; led to a deterioration in mental health; and eroded trust in UNHCR\nand partners. UNHCR\u2019s efforts to work with and for the refugee community are also undermined by\nthe unique focus on resettlement in the country, impacting outreach and communication efforts, the\nprioritization of human and financial resources, staff security, and programming.\n\n### **Lack of Access to Opportunities for Economic Empowerment**\n\nRefugees are unable to work legally in Indonesia, creating economic vulnerabilities and compounding\nprotection risks for the refugee population. In addition to economic insecurity, lack of access to work\nimpacts refugees in a number of ways: informal work experiences may render refugees vulnerable to\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "including physical and sexual abuse and neglect; children are kept from school due to difficulties\npaying for incidental school expenses; refugees have limited opportunities to productively engage in\nIndonesia by developing and utilizing skills and capacities in an employment setting, impacting both\nthe quality of their experience in the host country and opportunities to access a third country solution\nthrough labor mobility; barriers to accessing the workplace limit opportunities to meaningfully\ninteract with Indonesians, impacting social cohesion between refugees and their hosts; refugees are\nunable to make positive contributions to the Indonesian economy while residing in the country; etc.\n\n### **Smuggling and Trafficking**\n\nRefugees access Indonesia through the air and sea. Many refugees in Indonesia, particularly Rohingya\ntraveling by boats, are facilitated in their travel and arrive in the country with the assistance of agents.\nIn previous years, many Rohingya who arrived in Indonesia by sea \u2013 approximately 80% - departed\nsoon after arrival to Malaysia, where a large Rohingya community resides and more robust\nemployment opportunities, albeit informal opportunities, exist. UNHCR is extremely concerned about\ncredible reports that refugees in Indonesia \u2013 particularly Rohingya in Aceh and North Sumatra \u2013 are\nbeing victimized by traffickers during their journey to Indonesia or during onward movement after\narrival in the country. Refugees have reported numerous protection incidents that took place during\ntheir movement to, through, and from Indonesia, including gender-based violence, physical abuse,\nexploitation, harassment, intimidation, forced movement, and extortion. UNHCR monitors the\nmovement of refugees to assess trends and identify protection risks, to engage with Indonesian\nauthorities to respond to reports of trafficking, and to counsel on the risks of onward movement.\n\n### **Ensuring Protection with Resource Limitations**\n\nIndonesia is host to a relatively small number of refugees and asylum seekers, but they reside over a\nwide geographical area in a country of over 17,000 islands. While approximately half of the refugee\npopulation lives in Jakarta and the surrounding areas, the other half is spread throughout the\narchipelago. The UNHCR operation in Indonesia is a small one, both in terms of staffing and resources,\nand the distribution of refugees across this large territory, coupled with complex protection concerns\nand emergency boat arrivals, creates unique operational challenges. UNHCR continually strives to\nprioritize efforts and resources to be as impactful as possible in supporting refugees who are most in\nneed and in advancing a sustainable protection environment in the country.\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Improved Protection Environment**\n\nWhile it is not a signatory to the Refugee Convention, Indonesia generally respects international and\ndomestic refugee law, particularly the principle of non-refoulement, and has demonstrated critical\nhumanitarian leadership in the region by consistently stepping forward to disembark boats carrying\nRohingya refugees. 2024 and 2025 present important opportunities to further advance the protection\nenvironment in the country, including the planned revision of a key domestic refugee law and the new\npolicies and priorities of recently elected national leaders.\n\nThe National Refugee Taskforce has initiated inter-ministry discussions on the revision of Presidential\nRegulation 125 of 2016. This Regulation provides the foundation for ensuring access to asylum and\nassigns UNHCR a key role in the management of asylum claims and solutions. UNHCR\u2019s\nrecommendations for consideration in the revision have focused on the need for clarifying and\nexpanding the decree\u2019s scope to ensure a strong refugee protection framework in Indonesia, including\nprotection safeguards that ensure entry to safe territory through channels other than the sea;\nincreasing joint activities with the Government, particularly in registration and documentation; and\nadvancing inclusion efforts in the country.\n\nIndonesia\u2019s new president and vice president were inaugurated in October 2024. This new\ngovernment offers an opportunity to renew and expand Indonesia\u2019s humanitarian leadership on\nrefugee issues. The country is a regional and global power \u2013 the fourth largest country by population\nin the world, the largest majority Muslim country in the world, the largest economy in southeast Asia,\nand recent leadership roles as the President of the G20 and the Chair of ASEAN. Advocacy efforts will\nseek to ensure Indonesia does not solely embrace political, economic, and military leadership, but that\nthe country also showcases independent humanitarian leadership \u2013 particularly on refugee issues.\n\n### **UN Common Pledge**\n\nThe UN Common Pledge offers new opportunities to strengthen the protection environment in\nIndonesia. At the 2023 Global Refugee Forum, several agencies in the UN Country Team (UNHCR, IOM,\nUNFPA, WHO, UNDP, ILO, UNICEF, FAO, and UNESCO) pledged to provide guidance, technical support,\nand advocacy to enable refugee inclusion in Indonesia in four key areas: education, health, selfreliance, and birth registration. UNHCR will work closely with these agencies in 2024 and beyond to\nsecure inclusive policies and an enabling protection environment in the country.\n\n### **Enhancing Engagement with Refugees**\n\nUNHCR will continue to expand the ways in which we engage with refugees in 2024 and 2025. A\ncornerstone of these activities is the rollout of the Digital Gateway, a corporate self-service tool being\npiloted in Indonesia that will address many of the concerns of the refugee community, as well as the\ngeographic challenges in Indonesia, by providing a platform through which refugees can remotely\ncommunicate with UNHCR, view their bio-data, update contact information, book appointments for\nservices, and obtain updates on case processing status.\n\nIn addition to the Digital Gateway, UNHCR is strengthening tools of engagement and communication\nwith the refugee community following several years of more limited contact resulting from COVID\nrestrictions and security challenges in the field. These initiatives include re-instituting walk-in\ncounseling at the UNHCR reception center; revitalizing the UNHCR HELP website; expanding refugee\nTown Halls to respond to queries and share information; undertaking regular outreach missions to\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Verification Exercise**\n\nUNHCR is undertaking a country-wide verification exercise in 2024. The project enables UNHCR staff\nto systematically connect with and update registration data for every refugee and asylum seeker in\nIndonesia. UNHCR protection/registration teams are updating family composition and recording\ninformation on specific needs and vulnerabilities, skills, work experience, education levels, and family\nconnections outside Indonesia. The information collected will provide a clean and accurate set of data\nthat will enable UNHCR to better develop and target programming for the refugee population and will\nassist in identifying individuals who may qualify for solutions outside Indonesia.\n\n\n\u00a9UNHCR/Amanda Jufrian\n\n\nUNHCR / 1 November 2024 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration data", - "confidence": 0.9880043864250183, - "start": 30, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR protection/registration teams", - "confidence": 0.6951720714569092, - "start": 41, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Indonesia", - "confidence": 0.995790421962738, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6150270700454712, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9748998880386353, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and asylum seeker", - "confidence": 0.9680581092834473, - "start": 34, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a1ae7eb-9690-4c9d-8dfd-e45c79722160/UNHCR%20Protection%20Brief%20Indonesia.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_706/raw/doc_706_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_706/raw/doc_706_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a6a8640b5cf45473e1515d9f4078ae15077539a4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_706/raw/doc_706_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**MAY 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cover photo: In Zambia, inclusive policies allow refugees to flourish in farming. Credit: \u00a9 UNHCR/Charity Nzomo\n\n\nThis report was produced by the Global Strategic Initiatives Group for the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa of\nthe Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.\n\n\nProject manager & lead author: Patrick CJ Wall, Co-founder, Global Strategic Initiatives Group\n\n\nLead researcher: Karen Hargrave\n\n\nEditor: Jo Nicoud-Garden\n\n\nGraphic designer: Rachael Camp\n\n\n**2** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Contents:**\n\nForeword by Chansa Kapaya, Director of UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureau for Southern Africa\b **4**\n\nIntroduction: Empowering people, strengthening systems\b **5**\n\nEnhancing displacement response capacities across the region\b **6**\n\nExpanding refugee protection in Angola\b **8**\n\nZambia becomes a champion of sustainable responses\b **9**\n\nRefugee inclusion in the national social protection system in the Congo\b **10**\n\nSupporting health infrastructure across the region\b **11**\n\nInsect farming in Zimbabwe and Malawi\b **12**\n\nSupporting women-led organizations\b **13**\n\nInnovative approaches to solutions in the DRC\b **14**\n\nNew approaches to nexus programming in Mozambique\b **16**\n\nInnovative risk financing in Malawi\b **18**\n\nConclusion: A strong foundation to build on in Southern Africa\b **20**\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019s Director of the Regional Bureau for Southern Africa Chansa Kapaya, visits an eco-brick house at the Telega camp for\ndisplaced people in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on 25 September 2024. \u00a9 UNHCR/Guerchom Ndebo\n\n###### **This report is a tribute.**\n\n\n\nIt is a tribute to the resilience of nearly 10 million\nforcibly displaced people across Southern Africa.\nIn the face of unthinkable adversity, they\ndemonstrate every day their determination to\nprotect and provide for their families, to build their\ncommunities and to empower the powerless.\n\n\nIt is a tribute to the solidarity of the countries and\ncommunities in this region that have tirelessly\nhosted displaced people for decades and\ncontinue to welcome people forced to flee.\nIn recent years, they have made solid progress\nin implementing sustainable responses to forced\ndisplacement by expanding access to refugee\nprotection for those who need it, to essential\nservices like health and social safety nets, and\nto livelihoods opportunities that allow displaced\npeople to become self-reliant. We thank them for\ntheir ongoing efforts.\n\n\nThis report is also a tribute to the contributions of\nour partners. At UNHCR, we know that we cannot\naddress displacement challenges on our own;\nrather, our impact is greatest when we utilize\nour experience and expertise to leverage and\ncatalyse the contributions of others.\n\n\n\nFrom intergovernmental organizations \u2013 like the\nSouthern African Development Community, the\nWorld Bank and the African Development Bank\n\n- to the private sector and local organizations,\nthe international community\u2019s responses are\nalways more sustainable when we work together.\n\n\nFinally, this report is a tribute to the generosity\nof our donors. None of our work, including the\nwork highlighted in this report, would be possible\nwithout their consistent support. We are particularly\ngrateful for the flexible funding that is contributed\nby many of our donors and that allows us to test\nnew ideas, convene a wide range of actors and\nrespond quickly when disaster strikes.\n\n\nYour work saves lives and improves living\nconditions across the region every day.\n\n\nThis report highlights just some of examples of\nthe progress that is being made in Southern\nAfrica. Those showcased here have shown their\npotential for sustainable impact. We look forward\nto working with our partners to build better\nfutures for forcibly displaced people across\nthe region.\n\n\n\n**4** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Introduction: Empowering people,** **strengthening systems**\n\nA Judo club in Meheba performing during the commemoration of World Refugee Day \u00a9 UNHCR/Chisanga Sia\n\n\n\n**Southern Africa hosts almost 10 million**\n**forcibly displaced people**, including refugees,\nasylum-seekers and internally displaced people\n(IDPs). They have been displaced by ongoing\nconflict and other security issues, natural\ndisasters and climate hazards. They are hosted\nin communities that face poverty, limited access\nto services and livelihood opportunities,\ngovernance challenges and a range of health\nemergencies, including outbreaks of cholera\nand the recent mpox epidemic.\n\n\nUNHCR recognizes that a purely humanitarian\napproach to this displacement is no longer the\nanswer to these challenges. The humanitarian\nsystem is overstretched and was only ever\ndesigned for short-term, lifesaving support at\nthe onset of an emergency.\n\n\nWe need approaches that maximize oppor\u00adtunities\nfor self-reliance, expand the human potential of\nthe forcibly displaced and strengthen the capacity\nof national institutions to support refugees and\nthe communities that host them.\n\n\n**We call these sustainable responses. They are**\n**grounded in the Global Compact on Refugees**\n**and are being implemented across the Southern**\n**Africa region** .\n\n\n\nThis report explores impactful programming\nto advance sustainable responses across\nSouthern Africa. It highlights key examples of\nUNHCR\u2019s work with partners to support States\nto uphold their legal obligations to refugees\nacross the region. It demonstrates our efforts\nto catalyse the shift to longer-term perspectives,\nincluding by strengthening inclusive national\nsystems, promoting human development and\nempowerment, and devising new approaches\nto solutions for displaced people.\n\n\nThis work is always undertaken in conjunction\nwith host governments and partners; sometimes\nUNHCR is in the lead, at other times we are the\ncatalyst, advocate or funder. Accordingly, this\nreport also highlights the new ways of working\nwith partners that we are pioneering across the\nSouthern African region.\n\n\nAlthough only five of the 16 countries in\nSouthern Africa receive a \u201clow\u201d ranking on\nthe Human Development Index, these five\ncountries account for 95 per cent of the\ndisplaced people in the region.\n\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Enhancing displacement response capacities** **across the region**\n\n\n\n**The 16 Member States of the Southern African**\n**Development Community (SADC) face a range**\n**of complex challenges related to displacement** .\nThe region is characterized by diversity and\ndynamism, but also fragility, violent conflict,\nextreme weather and natural disasters. These\nchallenges contribute to \u2013 and are exacerbated by\n\n- large-scale displacement and mixed movements\nthat put pressure on governmental capacities; by\n2023, for example, the region faced a backlog of\n281,000 asylum claims.\n\n\n**To address these challenges, UNHCR has**\n**joined forces with SADC to enhance response**\n**capacities, in line with the Global Compact on**\n**Refugees** . Leveraging SADC\u2019s powerful\nconvening role in the region and UNHCR\u2019s\nunique displacement expertise, the two\norganizations adopted a regional road map on\nasylum and solutions in 2022 that sought to:\n\n\n**\u2022** Improve asylum systems by enhancing\nlegislation, policies, processes and capacities\nfor refugee status determination\n\n**\u2022** Enhance refugees\u2019 access to rights guaranteed\nby international law\n\n**\u2022** Support the inclusion of refugees and\nasylum-seekers into national services and\ndevelopment plans\n\n**\u2022** Enhance access to durable solutions and\neconomic inclusion\n\n\n**As a result of this cooperation, asylum**\n**processing has improved markedly** . By\nDecember 2023, national-level action plans\ndeveloped under the regional road map had\ncontributed to a reduction in the regional asylum\nbacklog by 13 per cent. In particular:\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022** The Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(DRC) implemented a streamlined asylum\ninterviewing process that led to 60,500\nasylum-seekers being granted refugee\nstatus, fulfilling a pledge made at the\nGlobal Refugee Forum.\n\n**\u2022** Malawi implemented accelerated asylum\nprocessing that resulted in 35,000 accepted\nasylum claims and reduced the asylum backlog\nby 87 per cent, also in line with a Global\nRefugee Forum pledge.\n\n**\u2022** South Africa finalized almost 13,000 asylum\nappeal decisions in 2023-2024, under a\npartnership with UNHCR and the European\nUnion. The individual case processing output\nof appeal board members almost doubled\nin 2024.\n\n\n**Cooperation between UNHCR and SADC is also**\n**leading to the deeper integration of refugees**\n**into development work.** In line with the regional\nroad map and many of the pledges made by\nSADC Member States at the Global Refugee\nForum, the forcibly displaced have been included\nin national development plans in Botswana, the\nDRC, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe, and in\ndistrict-level plans in Zambia. Across the region,\nUNHCR has catalysed the engagement of\ndevelopment actors in forced displacement\nsettings; since 2020, refugees have been\nincluded in projects funded by the African\nDevelopment Bank, the German Ministry for\nEconomic Cooperation and Development, the\nJapanese International Cooperation Agency and\nthe World Bank.\n\n\nUNHCR is grateful for the flexible funding from\ndonors that made its catalytic support to these\nefforts possible.\n\n\n\n**6** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Leah, 21, is a student of Nursing and Midwifery in Lilongwe, Malawi, on a DAFI (German Academic Refugee Initiative)\nscholarship. \u00a9 UNHCR/Antoine Tardy\n\n\n**Partnering to address displacement, climate and fragility**\n\nIn 2023, SADC, the African Development Bank and UNHCR initiated a Joint Regional\nProgramme on Forced Displacement, Fragility Mitigation and Climate Resilience.\nLed by SADC, the Joint Regional Programme seeks to advance the inclusion of forcibly\ndisplaced people into national development work, build human capital and address\nthe environmental impacts of refugee movements. The African Development Bank\nhas provided $4.5 million in seed funding to kick-start the implementation of the Joint\nRegional Programme in the DRC, Madagascar, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Expanding refugee protection in Angola**\n\n\n\n**Angola currently hosts more than 55,000**\n**refugees from 24 different countries** . The key\nchallenges that they face include limited legal\nrecognition and access to documentation.\nThe suspension of refugee registration by the\nGovernment of Angola in 2015 has contributed\nto a range of protection concerns, including\nbarriers to accessing essential services,\neconomic opportunities, and safeguards\nagainst involuntary return.\n\n\nA new arrival going through the registration process in\nAngola. \u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\nFollowing advocacy from UNHCR and partners,\nAngola pledged at the first Global Refugee\nForum in 2019 to register all refugees and\nasylum-seekers in the country. Building on this\nground-breaking pledge, Angola has continued to\nplay a prominent role in international discussions\nof refugee issues; it joined UNHCR\u2019s Executive\nCommittee in 2023 and, later that year, sent a\nhigh-profile delegation to the second Global\nRefugee Forum.\n\n\n**Angola resumed refugee registration in 2023 and**\n**announced that it would automatically recognize**\n**as refugees anyone who had submitted an**\n**asylum claim before 2015** . This move made some\n28,000 refugees eligible for documentation that\nenables them to access essential services and\nother opportunities.\n\n\n\nThe Government also agreed to issue residence\npermits to 4,200 refugees from Sierra Leone,\nLiberia and Rwanda, facilitating their integration\ninto local communities.\n\n\n**With UNHCR\u2019s support \u2013 provided thanks to**\n**flexible funding from donors \u2013 the Migration**\nand Foreigners **Service had registered more**\nthan 7,250 **refugees by the end of 2024** .\nThe registration exercise has expanded from\ntwo registration centres in Luanda to cover all\nprovinces except one. As a result, refugees in\nthese provinces are now being included in\nnational statistics for the first time, enabling\nthe government to ensure sufficient serviceprovision capacity.\n\n\n**UNHCR is looking to build on these successes to**\n**enhance the self-reliance of refugees in Angola** .\nThe National Development Plan 2023-2027 calls\nfor greater economic inclusion of refugees,\nasylum-seekers and stateless persons, and for\nenhanced access to health services and social\nprotection. UNHCR is working to support the\nGovernment to assume responsibility for assisting\nrefugees across different sectors by the end of\n2027 and is working with the World Bank to\nintegrate refugees in the country\u2019s Governmentadministered social protection system.\n\n\nHis fingerprints are taken during the registration process.\n\u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n\n**8** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national statistics", - "confidence": 0.9896472096443176, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8985310792922974, - "start": 362, - "end": 363 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5784134864807129, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9658041596412659, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Zambia becomes a champion of** **sustainable responses**\n\nA refugee family walks to church in Meheba settlement, Zambia. \u00a9 UNHCR/H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Caux\n\n\n\n**Zambia is host to some 106,000 asylum-seekers,**\n**refugees and former refugees** . Hailing from the\nDRC, Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and Somalia,\nmany are hosted in remote, rural settlements\nwhere opportunities are limited. Zambia is also\nfacing a range of domestic challenges, including\nsevere drought, inflation, unemployment, and\ndebt and energy crises.\n\n\n**In spite of these challenges, the Government of**\n**Zambia has become a pioneer for sustainable**\n**responses, in line with the Global Compact on**\n**Refugees** . With the support of UNHCR, the World\nBank and the Japan International Cooperation\nAgency, Zambia is undertaking a paradigm shift\nin the management of refugees, away from\nemergency-driven humanitarian response\nand towards building longer-term resilience,\ninclusion and stability. Key markers of early\nprogress include:\n\n\n**\u2022** Progressive policy approaches to refugee\nissues, including the launch of Zambia\u2019s first\nNational Refugee Policy in 2024 and the\nintegration of refugees in national and local\ndevelopment planning\n\n**\u2022** Expanded access to basic services, including\nfree education until the end of secondary\n\n\n\nschool. More than half of refugee children are\nnow enrolled in early and primary education\n\n**\u2022** Enhanced livelihood opportunities, including\nthrough Modernization of Refugee and Host\nCommunity Settlements Areas, an inclusive\ndevelopment strategy for transforming refugee\nsettlements into economic hubs through\nprivate sector engagement\n\n**\u2022** Improved infrastructure for refugee settlements,\nincluding connection to the national electricity\ngrid and, with the support of the Arab Bank\nfor Economic Development in Africa, the\ninstallation of solar lighting in streets, as well\nas at schools and health facilities\n\n\n**Building on this momentum, UNHCR is now**\n**exploring how the transition to sustainable**\n**responses in Zambia can leverage other sources**\n**of finance, including private sector investments,**\n**remittances and blended finance** . UNHCR has\nworked, for example, with the Bank of Zambia and\nthe United Nations Capital Development Fund to\nlead the development of a financial inclusion\nroadmap and has engaged national financial\ninstitutions such as Agora Microfinance Zambia,\nNatSave and Mfinance to offer financial services\nin remote and rural refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Refugee inclusion in the national social** **protection system in the Congo**\n\n\n\n**The Republic of the Congo hosts more than**\n**70,000 refugees and asylum-seekers** . Most are\nfrom the Central African Republic, the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo and Rwanda, and live in\nrural areas, including the isolated Likouala\nDepartment in the country\u2019s north. The legal\nframework affords them a largely positive\nprotection environment, with freedom of\nmovement, access to public services and the\nright to work. Like their hosts, however, they\nhave limited access to livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nLouise is a widowed mother of three. Thanks to an incomegeneration grant from the Lisungi Project, she has opened\na stall in the market in B\u00e9tou, Likouala Department, where\nshe sells peanuts, beans and pumpkin seeds. She proudly\nboasts that \u2013 because of the support \u2013 she is now her \u201cown\nboss\u201d. \u00a9 UNHCR/Ibrahima Diane\n\n\n**With advocacy from UNHCR and financing from**\n**the World Bank, the Congolese government has**\n**expanded the Lisungi Safety Nets System to**\n**refugees in key areas.** \u201cLisungi\u201d means\n\u201cassistance\u201d in the Lingala language, and the\nsafety nets programme provides cash transfers\nand financing for income-generating activities\nfor the country\u2019s most vulnerable households.\nThe Government of the Congo pledged to include\nrefugees in its social protection systems at the\n\n\n\nGlobal Refugee Forum and, with $22 million\nfrom the World Bank\u2019s IDA18 refugee sub-window\nand logistical and technical support from UNHCR,\nthe Lisungi system was expanded to include\nrefugees and their hosts in Likouala, Brazzaville\nand Pointe Noire. This pilot phase enabled 3,629\nrefugees to be transitioned from humanitarian\nto development-based assistance, and led to\ntheir inclusion in the Registre Social Unique,\nensuring their inclusion in all government social\nprogrammes. The pilot also expanded assistance\nfor host communities and supported the overall\nstrengthening of the Lisungi system.\n\n\n**As of 2023, 63 per cent of forcibly displaced**\n**people in the Congo are covered by the national**\n**social protection system, the highest proportion**\n**in Africa** . Project evaluations have found that\naccess to the Lisungi system has enhanced\nrefugee self-reliance; access to education and\nhealthcare has been facilitated, and food\nconsumption has grown. Refugees are saving\nmore and investing in income-generating\nactivities. Encouraged by this success, the\nGovernment is now planning to include the\nPlateaux Department \u2013 host to 15,000 refugees\n\n- in the next expansion of the system. UNHCR\nwill be there to support them.\n\n\nLouise talks to her customers at her stall in B\u00e9tou market.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Ibrahima Diane\n\n\n\n**10** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Lisungi system", - "confidence": 0.8140884041786194, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5234128832817078, - "start": 377, - "end": 378 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8079642653465271, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5119209885597229, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8388757109642029, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Supporting health infrastructure across** **the region**\n\nHealth worker Lumoo Amitie prepares to disinfect the mpox isolation room at the Rusayo displacement site in the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo on 26 September 2024. \u00a9 UNHCR/Guerchom Ndebo\n\n\n\nOutbreaks of infectious diseases are common\nin Southern Africa and those who have limited\naccess to healthcare services \u2013 including\nrefugees \u2013 are particularly vulnerable to their\neffects. Malaria, measles and mpox place\nsignificant strain on already fragile health\nsystems across the region, and 2024 saw the\nworst cholera epidemic for many years in the\nDRC, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.\n\n\n**Supported by a $3 million grant from the Sony**\n**Group Corporation, UNHCR is working with**\n**governments to strengthen national health**\n**systems, including to prepare for future disease**\n**outbreaks** . In the DRC where UNHCR helps to\nstrengthen the national health system in\nprovinces hosting large numbers of refugees,\nthis partnership provided more than 280,000\n\n\n\nconsultations for refugees and host community\nmembers in 2023-2024. Almost 8,200 pregnant\nwomen received prenatal consultations, and\nqualified personnel delivered more than\n4,000 babies.\n\n\n**This partnership is also working to prevent**\n**future disease outbreaks by expanding access**\n**to clean water, sanitation and hygiene** . Water\nmanagement committees across refugeehosting areas are provided with training on\nsafe management of local water supplies and\nmaintenance of water supply infrastructure to\nensure that water is safe and drinkable. UNHCR\nis constructing new water sources (such as\nboreholes), as well as family and community\ntoilet facilities.\n\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Insect farming in Zimbabwe and Malawi**\n\n\n\n**Zimbabwe and Malawi together host more**\n**than 75,000 refugees and asylum-seekers** .\nIn both countries, refugees live in settlements\nthat are exposed to extreme weather and\nwhere they face considerable constraints\nin engaging in income-generating work.\n\n\n**Insect farming has emerged as a promising and**\n**environmentally friendly livelihood opportunity**\n**for refugees in Zimbabwe and Malawi** . Insect\nfarming is growing in popularity as an inexpensive\nalternative to traditional methods of producing\nfeed for livestock and fertilizer for crops; the\nWorld Bank estimates that the global market for\ninsects will be worth up to $8 billion by 2030.\nInsect farming is safe and does not require\nmuch land, water, machinery or agrochemicals.\nIt can, however, create jobs, diversify income\nstreams, improve food security and strengthen\nlocal economies.\n\n\nManaka Lupatshia, a refugee from the Democratic Republic\nof Congo who fled conflict in his country in 2017 works in an\ninsect farming center in Dzaleka refugee camp.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Tiksa Negeri\n\n\n**Since 2022, UNHCR and the World Bank have**\n**been running a pilot programme to further**\n**explore the potential of insect farming in**\n**refugee-hosting areas** . In Zimbabwe, the\n\n\n\nprogramme is implemented in the Tongogara\nsettlement in partnership with Chinhoyi University\nof Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and\nWorld Vision International. In Malawi, it is taking\nplace in the Dzaleka settlement with funding\nfrom Denmark, and in partnership with Churches\nAction in Relief and Development and Plan\nInternational Malawi.\n\n\n**Although small-scale for now, the pilot phase**\n**is showing promising results** . A total of 90\nparticipants started to generate income from\nthe project in 2023 through the sale of liquid\nfertilizer, protein powders, insect larvae and\ntraining services to customers. Participants in\nboth countries report improved agricultural and\nlivestock productivity, and enhanced relationships\nbetween the refugees and host community\nmembers that they work alongside.\n\n###### \u201cThe chickens gain weight faster when they eat [insect] maggots as they contain a lot of proteins. So, I can raise more chickens and sell more of them, and with the money, I can buy clothes and shoes for my children [...] When you are involved in a project like this, it really encourages you to work harder because you don\u2019t want to depend on assistance.\u201d\n\n\n(Mashimango Francine, refugee from the DRC in Zimbabwe)\n\n\n**UNHCR and the World Bank plan to scale-up**\n**their support for insect farming in these two**\n**countries and beyond** . In Zimbabwe, UNHCR\nplans to train a total of 1,000 refugees and 300\nhost community members in insect farming in\ncoming years; it is estimated that this will yield\nenough insects to completely replace the\ncountry\u2019s use of soya beans in livestock feed.\nIt also hopes to expand the project to Chad,\nEthiopia, Uganda and Mexico.\n\n\n\n**12** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Supporting women-led organizations**\n\n\n\n**Throughout the region, refugee women often face**\n**high barriers to accessing employment, education**\n**and essential services** . Sexual assault is far too\ncommon, including in armed conflict where rape\nis used as a weapon of war. To address these\nchallenges, UNHCR channels flexible funding from\ndonors to support women-led organizations to\nbuild skills, achieve economic empowerment and\nkeep women and girls safe.\n\n\nAdolescent girls and young women engaged in the plaiting\nactivity during a Safety on Tap meeting, Dukwi refugee camp,\n\u00a9 UNHCR\n\n\n**In Botswana, the Safety on Tap project takes an**\n**innovative approach to reducing sexual assault**\n**and promoting economic independence** . With\nfinancial support from the United States, it uses\nrecreational and livelihood activities \u2013 such as\nsewing, baking, agribusiness and sports \u2013 as an\nentry point for discussions about sexual assault\nand other forms of intra-communal violence. Led\nby women but with the active engagement of men,\nthe project provides psychosocial support and\nskills training to girls and boys alike.\n\n\n\n**In South Africa, the Adonis Musati Project**\n**supports the self-sufficiency of women-led**\n**organizations** . Filanwaa, one of its beneficiary\norganizations, used UNHCR support to carry out\na participatory needs assessment of Somali\nrefugee women and girls in Cape Town. They\nthen used the insights to develop a range of\nSomali-language audio-visual communications\nmaterials on key health topics. An independent\nevaluation of the programme noted marked growth\nin Filanwaa\u2019s governance, leadership and financial\nmanagement capacities, and thus the potential for\nsustainable impact.\n\n\n**Also in South Africa, UMOJA empowers refugee**\n**and disadvantaged women through skills training**\n**and income generation** . With UNHCR support,\nthe organization has expanded from a small\nsewing initiative into a recognized public benefit\norganization, providing training in textiles, catering\nand entrepreneurship. It also offers childcare\nservices to support working mothers. Over time,\nUMOJA has positioned itself for sustainability and\nlong-term impact by developing income-generating\nprojects, such as bulk production and a community\ncoffee shop.\n\n###### \u201cIt has given me a chance to do something in a professional way [...] I know that I am capable of doing so much more and am responsible in some way of representing this community of mine in a better way. The project was between women. The funders, the people, volunteers were all women \u2013 it really empowered me.\u201d\n\n\n(Zamzam Hirsi, founder of Filanwaa, Cape Town)\n\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9061374068260193, - "start": 255, - "end": 258 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8011988401412964, - "start": 249, - "end": 250 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cape Town", - "confidence": 0.9583873152732849, - "start": 265, - "end": 267 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Somali\nrefugee women and girls", - "confidence": 0.9360649585723877, - "start": 259, - "end": 264 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Innovative approaches to solutions in the DRC**\n\nVoluntary repatriation of a convoy of Central African refugees to Bangui, Central African Republic, after 9 years of living in\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo. \u00a9 UNHCR / Maimouna DJIBO AMADOU, December 2024\n\n\n\n**The Democratic Republic of the Congo is home**\n**to one of the world\u2019s most acute, protracted**\n**and neglected humanitarian crises** . It is home\nto more than 7 million IDPs and hosts more than\n525,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, most of\nwhom are from the Central African Republic,\nRwanda, Burundi and South Sudan. More than\n1 million refugees from the DRC have fled to other\ncountries. The country is characterized by\npoverty, armed conflict, resource exploitation and\ngovernance challenges of almost every kind.\n\n\n**Despite the challenges, progress has been made**\n**in securing solutions for IDPs and refugees in** **the**\n**DRC** . Since 2019, more than 8 million internally\ndisplaced people have been able to return home,\nas have nearly 90,000 refugees who had fled to\nthe country. Although persistent instability has\nmeant that the total number of IDPs, refugees\nand asylum-seekers has continued to grow over\nthis period, UNHCR\u2019s work has shown that with\ningenuity and innovation it is possible to support\nconditions for safe, dignified and voluntary return,\neven in the most challenging of circumstances.\n\n\n**In Tanganyika Province, UNHCR is working with**\n**partners to close 16 IDP sites and transition the**\n**land back to villages** . The IDP site at Kikumbe \u2013\n\n\n\nformerly home to some 3,700 people \u2013 was the\nfirst to undergo this process. Working closely with\nthe International Organization for Migration and\ntaking advantage of political developments in the\nIDPs\u2019 regions of origin that made return feasible,\nUNHCR identified 3,070 people who wanted to\nreturn and provided cash grants for transportation\nand housing upon their arrival.\n\n\nUNHCR then worked with local authorities to\nensure a smooth local integration for those\nwho wanted to remain. Under the leadership of\nthe chief of the village, allotments within the\nformer IDP site were chosen and houses were\nconstructed for each of the 213 remaining\nfamilies. The former IDPs, now residents of the\nvillage, were given documents of tenure for their\nhouses and provided with agricultural training to\nensure sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n**Today, the IDP site no longer exists and the land**\n**is part of the village. Nobody in Kikumbe is in**\n**need of humanitarian assistance** . Once the\nlivelihoods training has concluded, UNHCR\u2019s\nactivities in the village will come to an end.\n\n\nThis is the first of 16 sites in Tanganyika \u2013\ncontaining some 30,000 IDPs \u2013 that UNHCR aims\n\n\n\n**14** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to transition into local villages in the\ncoming years.\n\n\n**Innovative approaches \u2013 this time at the**\n**international level \u2013 are also driving solutions**\n**for refugees in the DRC from the Central**\n**African Republic** . In April 2022, countries of the\nregion signed the Yaounde Declaration and\nagreed to pursue a regional approach to\nsolutions for refugees, IDPs and returnees from\nthe Central African Republic. The following year,\nthe **[Central African Republic Solutions Support](https://car-solutions-platform.org/)**\n**[Platform](https://car-solutions-platform.org/)** was established to maintain\nmomentum in implementing the\nYaounde Declaration.\n\n\nSince the Declaration was signed, good\nprogress has been made in facilitating the\nreturn of refugees from the Central African\nRepublic living in the DRC. Almost 15,000 such\nrefugees have returned since 2022, and the\ntrend is promising; more than 9,000 returned in\n2024, representing more than 70 per cent of\nreturns from the DRC last year. Given that only\n\n\n\n40 per cent of refugees in the DRC are from\nCAR, this means that they are greatly overrepresented amongst returnees.\n\n\nPredictable, multi-year donor support has been\nessential in implementing the Declaration in the\nDRC. Led by the United States and \u2013 from 2025\n\n- the European Union, this has allowed UNHCR\nto undertake the detailed preparation that\nmakes return more sustainable. Health\nscreenings can be undertaken before\ndeparture, convoys can be planned for the\nmost advantageous seasons and reintegration\nsupport focused on livelihoods and\npeacebuilding can be prepared.\n\n###### \u201cOnce I arrive in Bangui, I plan to start my fish trading activities again at the central market [...] I intend to support the schooling of my children in CAR so that they contribute to the development of our country.\u201d\n\n\n(A refugee returning to CAR from the DRC)\n\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation by river in South Ubangi of a convoy of Central African refugees to Bangui, Central African\nRepublic, after 9 years of living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. \u00a9 UNHCR / Jadot BUSANGA BENGE,\nDecember 2024\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **New approaches to nexus programming** **in Mozambique**\n\nViaze Abudo smiles from the doorway of her small shop in Cabo Delgado, stocked with everyday essentials like biscuits,\nsoap, and baby supplies. Displaced by conflict and supported through UNHCR\u2019s sexual exploitation and abuse and mental\nhealth programmes, Viaze used a start-up grant to launch her own business after completing a livelihoods training course.\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Isadora Zoni\n\n\n\n**In recent years, Mozambique has seen**\n**exponential growth in displacement numbers** .\nThe country is today home to more than 1.2\nmillion IDPs and 26,000 refugees displaced\nby climate and conflict. Although thousands\nof those internally displaced are returning home,\nmany still lack access to water, shelter, education\nand livelihoods opportunities. In addition,\nMozambique is exposed to a range of natural\nhazards such as cyclones, tropical storms,\nfloods and droughts, and it also faces significant\ndevelopment challenges; it currently has the\neleventh-lowest score worldwide on the Human\nDevelopment Index.\n\n\n**Despite these challenges, Mozambique has**\n**embraced innovative approaches to IDP and**\n**refugee inclusion** . At the 2023 Global Refugee\nForum, Mozambique pledged to deepen efforts\n\n\n\ntowards inclusion and integration (building on its\nout-of-camp approach) and to include forcibly\ndisplaced populations in people-centred\napproaches to climate shocks and other drivers\nof forced displacement.\n\n\nIn support, UNHCR works with partners to\nimplement concrete actions to move from parallel\nto aligned assistance, then to harmonized\noperations and, ultimately, full inclusion of forcibly\ndisplaced populations into national systems and\nservices. An important element of this process is\ndefining the key assistance needed by refugees,\nasylum-seekers, IDPs and IDP returnees in order\nto identify what government capacities are\nrequired to deliver that assistance. UNHCR, the\nrelevant Government actors and partners then\nuse this information to guide programming to\nensure a smooth transition from humanitarian\n\n\n\n**16** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "response to Government-led service delivery\nwhen local capacity is sufficient.\n\n\nWorking with the Government of Germany,\nUNHCR is applying this approach to improve\nthe living conditions of IDPs, refugees and host\ncommunity members in areas of Mozambique\nparticularly affected by conflict and natural\nhazards. UNHCR implements the Nexus Norte\nprogramme jointly with Germany\u2019s development\nentity, GIZ. In just two years, it has:\n\n\n**\u2022** Provided technical and vocational education\nand training (TVET) to 1,626 people, delivered\nthrough strengthened national and local\nTVET institutions\n\n**\u2022** Supported 2,138 people to undertake small\nbusiness activities through interventions\nincluding training and mentoring on\nentrepreneurship and the provision of\nbusiness start-up kits\n\n**\u2022** Reached 27,888 people with social cohesion\ninterventions, including to strengthen\ncommunity leadership capacities\n\n**\u2022** Supported 1,260 survivors of rape and sexual\nabuse in line with Government protocols; and\n\n**\u2022** Provided civil identification documents to\n230,000 people, laying the foundation for\nsustainable access to services and\nlivelihood opportunities.\n\n\n\nFollowing the success of the first iteration, _Nexus_\n_Norte II_ will commence in 2025.\n\n\n**UNHCR is also working to enhance the self-**\n**reliance of refugees and IDPs in Mozambique,**\n**with funding from the African Development**\n**Bank and in partnership with government, the**\n**private sector and NGO partners** . In Nampula\nand Cabo Delgado, this partnership has been\ninstrumental in increasing private sector\nengagement in refugee-and IDP-hosting areas,\nand in strengthening the capacity of the people\nliving there to meet market demands. Key\nachievements include:\n\n\n**\u2022** **Income generation:** Over 320 people have\nbeen trained in new farming techniques,\nand 165 were trained in sustainable\nfishing practices.\n\n**\u2022** **Financial inclusion:** 100 per cent of displaced\npeople and host community members\ninvolved in the project in Cabo Delgado\nhave opened mobile money accounts for\neveryday transactions, and members of\nsavings groups supported by the\nprogramme tripled their savings.\n\n**\u2022** **Social cohesion:** 55 per cent of beneficiaries\nare host community members, and 60 per\ncent are women. The programme has\nalso supported social cohesion through\nassistance to 18 local football clubs,\nincluding 7 women\u2019s clubs.\n\n\n\n**Connected education in partnership with Vodafone**\n\nIn ten countries around the world, UNHCR partners\nwith the Vodafone Foundation to implement\nthe Instant Network Schools programme. This\nprogramme transforms existing classrooms into\nmultimedia hubs, complete with internet connectivity,\nsolar power, classroom devices and extensive teacher\ntraining. The programme has supported 352,000\nstudents and 6,400 teachers worldwide, including\nmore than 68,500 students in Mozambique.\n\n\nVicky has a plan: this 15 year old INS student from Burundi wants to prove herself as a doctor, before dedicating\nher life to singing. A Nigerian singer motivated her to learn English. With the Akelius supported language program\n\nat the UNHCR/INS school in Marrere, Vicky gets a step closer to her dream. \u00a9 UNHCR/Lara Bommers\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Innovative risk financing in Malawi**\n\n\n\n**Extreme weather events and natural disasters**\n**are increasing in frequency and intensity in**\n**Malawi, as they are across Southern Africa** .\nBoth floods and droughts are becoming more\ncommon and are leading to chronic food\ninsecurity. This only heightens the vulnerability\nof the 50,000 refugees and asylum-seekers in\nMalawi, most of whom live in temporary shelters\nin the Dzaleka settlement and are dependent on\nhumanitarian assistance to meet basic needs.\n\n\n**In response to these risks, UNHCR has turned to**\n**innovative financing mechanisms** . In September\n2023, UNHCR Malawi took out an African Risk\nCapacity Replica Policy on behalf of refugees in\nthe Dzaleka settlement. A replica policy allows\n\n\n\nnon-government partners to purchase a policy\nthat replicates the government\u2019s and thereby\nextend coverage. When pre-defined conditions\nare met, payouts from the government and replica\npolicies are used to fund emergency responses.\nWith financial support from Germany\u2019s KfW\nDevelopment Bank, UNHCR paid $250,000\nfor a replica policy for the 2023/2024\nagricultural season.\n\n\n**When a record-breaking drought hit Malawi**\n**in 2024 and rainfall deficits reached the**\n**required threshold, the insurance was activated** .\nAs one of Malawi\u2019s largest-ever humanitarian\nemergencies unfolded, a total of $11.6 million was\npaid out by the African Risk Capacity to support\n\n\n\nDzaleka refugee camp in Malawi hosts more than 53,000 refugees. \u00a9 UNHCR/Tiksa Negeri\n\n\n**18** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the 6.5 million people in need. Most went to the\nGovernment of Malawi\u2019s national response.\nA payout of $400,000 went to UNHCR to make\ncash payments to 13,000 refugees, helping them\nto meet immediate needs and prepare for the\nnext agricultural season.\n\n\nUNHCR is now scaling up its partnership with\nAfrican Risk Capacity, a specialized agency of the\nAfrican Union, across sub-Saharan Africa. A new\n\n\n\njoint insurance model has attracted premium\ninvestments of $3 million for the 2024/25\nagricultural season and now covers Malawi,\nEthiopia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and\nMali. With the potential to bring new financial\nsupport during humanitarian emergencies,\ninsurance models such as these promise to\nbuild predictability for donors and minimize\nreliance on special appeals.\n\n\n###### \u201cIt is in moments like these that we can truly appreciate the role of sovereign insurance as an innovative financial instrument to help bolster Africa\u2019s resilience.\u201d\n\n(Lesley Ndlovu, CEO of ARC Ltd.)\n\n\nEmpowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Conclusion: A strong foundation to build on in** **Southern Africa**\n\n**This report has highlighted some of the ways in which UNHCR is blending traditional**\n**approaches with innovation across Southern Africa.** Faithful to its core mandate, UNHCR\ncontinues to advocate for refugees to have access to asylum and a durable solution when\nconditions allow and to provide core humanitarian assistance to those in need.\n\n\nI **n line with the vision of the Global Compact on Refugees, UNHCR is also pursuing**\n**sustainable responses to forced displacement**, including:\n\n\n**\u2022** Securing and then building on regional agreements, like the regional road map on asylum\nand solutions developed with SADC, to make concrete progress\n\n**\u2022** Leveraging the power of the Global Refugee Forum to secure concrete commitments\nfor refugees\n\n**\u2022** Deepening cooperation and collaboration with development actors and the private sector\n\n**\u2022** Supporting the strengthening of national systems for service delivery, to the benefit of\nrefugees and their hosts\n\n**\u2022** Empowering local organizations \u2013 including those led by women \u2013 to play a key role in\nsupporting the communities they represent\n\n**\u2022** Pursuing innovative risk financing to respond to natural disasters, and\n\n**\u2022** Exploring new industries as livelihood opportunities for refugees\n\n\n**Whilst many of these programmes are in their initial phases, early results show significant**\n**impact on the lives of refugees and their hosts** . From the registration exercise in Angola and\nIDP site closure in the DRC to risk financing in Malawi and insect farming in Zimbabwe, many\nof the interventions highlighted here have demonstrated their potential. At scale, they could\nbe truly transformational.\n\n\n**None of this would be possible without the support of our partners.** From the governments\nof the region to the SADC; from our UN partner agencies to local organizations; from private\nsector partners to development actors including the World Bank and the African Development\nBank; and, of course, our dedicated donors who make all of our work possible.\n\n\nWe thank you all for your support and look forward to continuing our important work together\nin an evolving context.\n\n\n**20** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR is grateful for the support of donors who have contributed to its operations in Southern Africa with flexible**\n**and earmarked funds*:**\n\n\nAfrican Development Fund | Algeria | Angola | Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa | Armenia |\nAustralia | Australia for UNHCR | Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria | Canada | Central Emergency Response Fund |\nChina | Costa Rica | Cyprus | Denmark | Estonia | Espa\u00f1a con ACNUR | European Union | Finland | France | Germany |\nLeaving No One Behind | Luxembourg | Iceland | Ireland | Italy | Japan | Japan for UNHCR | Joint United Nations Programme\non HIV/AIDS | Kuwait | Leaving No One Behind | Liechtenstein | Luxembourg | Malta | Mexico | Monaco | Montenegro |\nMorocco | Netherlands | New Zealand | Norway | Peru | Philippines | Portugal | Qatar | Republic of Korea | Russian\nFederation | Saudi Arabia | Serbia | Singapore | Slovakia | Spain | Sweden | Sweden for UNHCR | Switzerland |\nSwitzerland for UNHCR | Thailand | Tu\u0308rkiye | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | UN Children\u2019s\nFund | UN Development Programme | UN Joint SDG Fund | UN Trust Fund for Human Security | UN Joint SDG Fund |\nUNO-Flu\u0308chtlingshilfe | UK for UNHCR | United States of America | Uruguay | USA for UNHCR | Private donors in Italy,\nJapan, Netherlands, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland\n\n\n - Donors who provided funds in 2024\n\n\n**21** Empowering People, Strengthening Systems: Sustainable Responses to Displacement in Southern Africa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fdf25e39-6fb7-5585-9eaa-60e13ccc03d7/UNHCR%20Report%20-%20Empowering%20People%2C%20Strengthening%20Systems%20Digital%20compresed%20030625.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_707/raw/doc_707_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_707/raw/doc_707_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4a6c35f5b0a90c6e22f98c00e47091996eff9274..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_707/raw/doc_707_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**This Concept Note serves as a guide on how UNHCR can collaborate with academic institutions,**\n**potential areas of engagement and outcomes.**\n\n\n## Introduction\n\nEducation stands as a beacon of hope for\ndisplaced populations, offering not only\nknowledge but also empowerment and\nopportunity. Academics play a pivotal role in this,\ncontributing significantly to the protection and\nsupport of displaced individuals through research,\nteaching, and advocacy.\n\n\nAs data and analyses on forcibly displaced and\nstateless populations are vital for shaping the\nglobal context, the expertise of academia is\ninvaluable for both research endeavours and for\nshaping the understanding of the next generation\nof professionals. This understanding deeply\nimpacts refugees, asylum-seekers, internally\n\n## Current Context\n\nSince the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the\nRussian Federation UNHCR has scaled up its\noperation in Romania to respond to the emerging\nneeds in the new context, under the leadership of\nthe government, in close cooperation with partners\nand leading the inter-agency coordination efforts.\n\n\n\ndisplaced persons, and stateless communities,\nguiding policies, intervention and societal\nperceptions.\n\n\nRecognizing this, UNHCR and its partners are\ncommitted to fostering collaboration with\nacademic institutions. This not only facilitates\naccess to higher education for refugees but also\nsparks academic interest in forced displacement\ntopics for students and young researchers.\n\n\nThrough this collaboration, UNHCR aims to\nincrease insights on the matter through advanced\nand exploratory analyses, leveraging academic\nexpertise to inform evidence-based policies and\ninterventions.\n\n\nThe main areas of intervention for UNHCR include:\nthe protection of refugees in key areas such as\ngender-based violence, psychosocial well-being,\nchild protection, etc. thereby complementing the\nwork of authorities and partners, ensuring timely\nidentification, comprehensive services and referral\nof vulnerable individuals to support networks;\nadvocacy to ensure that support services are\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/643bf5af-2b17-4dbb-85b6-b23af188be4b/UNHCR%20Romania%20-%20Concept%20Note%20-%20Engagement%20with%20Academia%20-%20July%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "effective communication and counselling through\nhotlines and social media channels, and referral to\nservices and assistance mechanisms; cash\nassistance programs supplementing the\ngovernment aid, providing a vital safety net for\nparticularly vulnerable individuals; efforts to\nensure refugees receive essential and adequate\nsupport to advance their socio-economic inclusion;\ngarnering support for refugees and host\ncommunities through communications and\ncampaigns; etc.\n\n\nTo support and inform this response, UNHCR has\nrelied on evidence, thus enhancing its data and\ninformation management activities in close\ncollaboration with the Romanian Government,\nother UN agencies and NGOs.\n\n\nWith a focus on activities involving academia, i **n**\n**Romania,** **UNHCR** **has** **already** **established**\n**partnerships with top universities, resulting in**\n**impactful initiatives such as Full Scholarships for**\n**Refugees and the integration of refugee-related**\n**modules into academic programs, granting**\n**research** **scholarships** **to** **students** **and**\n**participation to public events or extracurricular**\n**activities.**\n\n\nBuilding on this, UNHCR is committed to\nexpanding and deepening these partnerships,\n\n## Possible Projects\n\nThose aimed at enhancing education and research\nopportunities for displaced and stateless\ncommunities in collaboration with universities and\nlocal organizations. One or more initiatives can be\nimplemented depending on capacities and types of\nengagement. These activities seek to address the\ndiverse needs of refugees, asylum seekers and\nstateless persons while fostering academic\nengagement and community support. Additional\nactivities may be added to the list over time.\n\n\n\nanalysis, public awareness and support for\ndisplaced populations.\n\n## Objectives\n\nTo further advance the engagement with\nacademia, a set of objectives has been outlined to\nadvance refugee education and awareness, as\nfollows:\n\n - To facilitate **access to higher education for**\n**refugees.**\n\n - To **stir up academic interest** in topics related to\nforced displacement among students and\nyoung researchers.\n\n - To **bridge the gap between the theory and**\n**practice** for students and subjects related to\nhumanitarian work, refugee law, statelessness\nand nationality issues.\n\n - To facilitate **advanced research** and generate\nin-depth insight on refugee issues and\nstatelessness.\n\n - To encourage the **creation of a network** for\nuniversities and researchers studying and\nteaching forced displacement and\nstatelessness.\n\n - To **raise the level of awareness on forced**\n**displacement and statelessness** and inspire\nsolidarity initiatives within the academic\nenvironment.\n\n\nFacilitated Refugee Access to Education\nTo expand refugee access to education, UNHCR\nwill work closely with universities to identify ways\nin which refugees and stateless persons could\naccess higher education, through various\nscholarships or programmes. This could involve\nproviding financial support for tuition fees,\noffering language and academic preparation\ncourses, and creating mentorship programs to\nsupport refugee and stateless students\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/643bf5af-2b17-4dbb-85b6-b23af188be4b/UNHCR%20Romania%20-%20Concept%20Note%20-%20Engagement%20with%20Academia%20-%20July%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "partnerships with local organizations and\ncommunity centres can help identify and support\npotential candidates for educational\nopportunities.\n\nUNHCR Staff or Supporter Participation in\nSpecialized Courses\nThis area entails a wide range of possible actions,\nfrom intervention in courses or workshops of\ntechnical staff / senior or high-profile UNHCR\nstaff, to collaborative projects in which special\nmodules or workshops on forced displacement\nare developed for specific courses.\n\nUNHCR can provide expertise on refugee and\nstatelessness-related topics, but also on adjacent\ntopics such as Protection, Advocacy,\nHumanitarian Coordination, Communications in\nhumanitarian contexts, Use of Data etc. Some\nconcrete examples can be seen below:\n\n - Refugees\u2019 economic inclusion in host\ncountries: challenges, opportunities, and\ngood practices.\n\n - Humanitarian aid, cultural and social change\nseen in a refugee perspective.\n\n - International Relations and International\nLaw seen in a forced migration perspective.\n\n - The prevention and reduction of\nstatelessness and protection of stateless\npersons.\n\n - Communicating with vulnerable groups.\n\n - Cultural diversity and intercultural\ncommunication.\n\n - Child Protection and prevention of and\nresponse to gender-based violence in a\nforced displacement context.\n\n - Diversity and inclusion: understanding\nunconscious biases.\n\n - Protecting LGBTIQ+ persons in forced\ndisplacement.\n\n - The UN in emergencies: the role and\ncoordination models\n\n\n\n\n - The role of data in humanitarian aid and\nhumanitarian emergencies.\n\nScholarships and Advanced Research\nOpportunities\nUNHCR may establish scholarship programs to\nsupport bachelor or master students passionate\nabout refugee or statelessness issues and who\nwould like to write their final thesis on this.\nThis short-term scholarship program would\nencourage students to explore specific areas of\ninterest identified by UNHCR, such as integration\nservices, community engagement, and refugee\nlaw. UNHCR would provide guidance and support\nto students throughout the research process,\nincluding access to data, mentorship, and\nopportunities for collaboration with UNHCR staff\nand partners.\n\n\nAdvanced research opportunities for PhD\ncandidates may be offered on ad-hoc basis\ndepending of the research topic and the particular\nsituation, and under various research centres\naffiliated to a university. This would enable\nscholars to conduct in-depth studies on forced\ndisplacement issues under the guidance of\nexperienced researchers.\n\nInternships\nUNHCR intends to collaborate with universities\nand local organizations to create internship\nopportunities for students interested in refugee\nprotection or statelessness. These internships can\ninvolve hands-on experience in various aspects of\nrefugee assistance, such as legal aid, social work,\neducation, communications and community\noutreach. UNHCR staff would provide mentorship\nand guidance to interns, helping them develop\npractical skills and gain valuable insights into\nrefugee issues.\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/643bf5af-2b17-4dbb-85b6-b23af188be4b/UNHCR%20Romania%20-%20Concept%20Note%20-%20Engagement%20with%20Academia%20-%20July%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "all the internship opportunities available within\nUNHCR and partner organisations.\n\nNetwork of Researchers on Forced\nDisplacement\nUNHCR should support networks of academics\nand/or researchers dedicated to forced\ndisplacement, bringing together academics,\npractitioners, and policymakers. Networks can\nfacilitate collaboration, knowledge sharing, and\nresearch dissemination through conferences,\nworkshops, and online platforms.\n\nResearch Initiatives\nUNHCR would collaborate with universities to\npopularize its repository of data for academic\nresearch purposes. This may involve providing\ntraining sessions for researchers on how to use\nthe library effectively, as well as facilitating access\nto specific datasets and research tools. UNHCR\nwould also encourage researchers to share their\n\n\n**Contact:**\n\n\n\nfostering a collaborative and interdisciplinary\napproach to refugee research.\n\nPublic Events\nUNHCR should partner with universities to\norganize public events aimed at raising awareness\nabout refugees and statelessness, and promoting\npositive attitudes toward them and enhancing\nsocial cohesion. These events can include panel\ndiscussions, film screenings, art exhibitions, and\ncommunity outreach activities. UNHCR should\nprovide keynote speakers, resources, and\nlogistical support for these events, while\nuniversities may contribute with their expertise\nand networks to ensure maximum impact and\noutreach. Through these collaborative efforts,\nUNHCR and academia can work together to\ncreate a more inclusive and supportive\nenvironment for refugees and stateless persons in\nRomania.\n\n\n\n**Kylie Alcoba Wright**\nSenior Operations Officer\nalcoba@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**Stefan Lorint**\nAssistant Information Management Officer\nlorints@unhcr.org\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "repository of data", - "confidence": 0.8790761828422546, - "start": 71, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8713268041610718, - "start": 147, - "end": 148 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/643bf5af-2b17-4dbb-85b6-b23af188be4b/UNHCR%20Romania%20-%20Concept%20Note%20-%20Engagement%20with%20Academia%20-%20July%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_708/raw/doc_708_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_708/raw/doc_708_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f7a10042dbbeb75450cb7e28fbfbeaf94d5fa684..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_708/raw/doc_708_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,489 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n# Cumulative Report for COVID-19 Risk Communication and Community Engagement Interventions in Maban County\n\n## **Last updated on Monday 31 August 2020**\n\n\nMaban County\nHealth Department\n\n\n**Aim of this report:** This document outlines a cumulative status report on activities conducted by\nthe Maban risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) working group since its\ninception in April 2020 to date (August 2020).\n\n\n**Accolades:** The Maban risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) working group\nhas been cited on numerous occasions by the South Sudan National RCCE technical working\ngroup as an example of \u201ca best practice of field-level inter-agency collaboration.\u201d\n\n\n**Context:** Located in the furthest corner of the northeast of South Sudan, Maban County is home\nto some 150,000 refugees and 70,000 people from the host community \u2013 making it UNHCR\u2019s\nlargest refugee operation in the country. Some 25 humanitarian partners operate in Maban\nCounty. South Sudan was at the tail end of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas some\ncountries reported on COVID-19 towards the end of 2019, South Sudan only confirmed presence\nof the virus in April 2020. In turn, far-flung Maban County only confirmed presence of COVID-19\nin August 2020.\n\n\n**Activation:** In April 2020, humanitarian partners in Maban County activated a COVID-19 risk\ncommunication and community engagement (RCCE) working group. The aim of the working\ngroup is to support partners to have a harmonized approach to COVID-19 RCCE interventions,\nin line with guidelines issued by the government of South Sudan and the World Health\nOrganization (WHO).\n\n\n**Membership:** To date, the following 21 partners have voluntarily signed up to be members of the\nMaban RCCE working group: Maban County Health Department, ACTED, Action Africa Help\nInternational (AAHI), CARE International (CI), Commission for Refugee Affairs (CRA), Danish\nRefugee Council (DRC), The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),\nFood for the Hungry (FH), Humanitarian and Development Consortium (HDC), Internews, Jesuit\nRefugee Service (JRS), Lutheran World Federation (LWF), M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF),\nMENTOR Initiative (MI), Relief International (RI), Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP), Save the Children\nInternational (SCI), Serving in Mission (SIM), The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP),\nThe United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), The World Health Organization (WHO)\n\n\n1 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**Representation on national mechanisms:** The Maban RCCE working group is represented on\nthe following national coordination mechanisms:\n\n\n - National RCCE Technical Working Group\n\n - National Community Engagement and Social Mobilization Sub-Committee\n\n - National Rumour Tracking and Management Sub-Committee\n\n - National Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Technical Working Group\n\n\n**Structure:** In Maban, the working group reports to the County COVID-19 technical working group.\nThe RCCE working group is led by the government (Maban County Health Department), co-led\nby the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and vice-chaired by Save the Children\nInternational (SCI). It has four sub-groups that are led by an eclectic inter-agency team of leaders\nfrom different partners operating in Maban County, as reflected below:\n\n\n1. **Rumour Tracking and Management Sub-Committee:** Led by Internews and co-led by\n\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 **page 03**\n\n2. **Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Sub-Working Group:** Led by\n\nJesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and co-led by Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 **page 05**\n\n3. **Behavioural Steering Committee:** Led by Save the Children International (SCI) and co\nled by Relief International (RI) \u2013 **page 06**\n\n4. **Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, Research and Learning (MEARL) Unit:** Led\n\nby the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and co-led by Jesuit Refugee\nService (JRS), the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and Danish Refugee\nCouncil (DRC) \u2013 **page 07**\n\n\n2 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.7536149024963379, - "start": 340, - "end": 345 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Juma Hilary", - "confidence": 0.8966590166091919, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**Status update from Rumour Tracking and Management Sub-Committee:** This sub-committee\nwas established to support accountability to affected populations.\n\n\n1) **Training of trainers:** At the onset of the COVID-19 response, Internews was the only partner\nin Maban County with extensive experience in rumour tracking and management. In order to equip\nmore partners with this vital skill, the rumour tracking and management sub-committee planned\na training of trainers (ToT) for all humanitarian partners in Maban on 09 June 2020. The training\nwas facilitated by Internews.\n\n2) **Cascaded trainings:** The focal points who participated in this training of trainers (ToT) then\ncascaded the training in their respective organizations \u2013 with support and guidance from\nInternews. To date, eleven (11) sets of outreach workers have received this cascaded training.\nThe outreach workers who have been trained serve with different humanitarian organizations\noperating in the four refugee camps and host community. **Attached is a detailed summary**\n**update on the cascaded trainings:**\n\n\n3) **Online reporting:** To streamline reporting, the Maban rumour tracking and management subcommittee has developed a harmonized inter-agency online tracking tool that all partners in\nMaban use to report rumours. During the training of trainers and cascaded trainings, partners\nwere guided on how to use the tool. For partners facing challenges accessing the online link, the\nsub-committee has set up a physical report delivery system.\n[This is a link to the tool: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2Fe%2F1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w%2Fviewform%3Fvc%3D0%26c%3D0%26w%3D1&data=02%7C01%7Cosire%40unhcr.org%7C29f668987ed44e7a8b4d08d83e22e710%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637327666923721699&sdata=Kq9aM8VWH2dJPCu1buLcH03uLCVQ3wHUYXpl0mUYeO8%3D&reserved=0)\n[oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2Fe%2F1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w%2Fviewform%3Fvc%3D0%26c%3D0%26w%3D1&data=02%7C01%7Cosire%40unhcr.org%7C29f668987ed44e7a8b4d08d83e22e710%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637327666923721699&sdata=Kq9aM8VWH2dJPCu1buLcH03uLCVQ3wHUYXpl0mUYeO8%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n3 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "physical report delivery system", - "confidence": 0.8862397074699402, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n4) **Rumour Management Report:** The Maban rumour tracking and management sub-committee\nalso regularly produces a rumour management report that outlines rumours gathered from the\ncommunity and recommended responses for the rumors mainly categorized under\nprevention/cure, myths and stigma. The sub-committee shares this report with all partners in\nMaban and the national rumour tracking and management sub-committee. So far, three rumour\nmanagement reports have been developed, as reflected below:\n\n[Link to issue #1 : https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78748](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78748)\n[Link to issue #2: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78749](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78749)\n[Link to issue #3: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78750](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/78750)\n\nTo ensure that feedback reflected in the rumour management report gets to the community, the\nsub-committee has developed a rumour management pathway that outlines how to close the loop.\n\n**RUMOUR TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT PATHWAY (Version 02)**\n\nThe Maban COVID-19 rumour tracking and management sub-committee has developed a\npathway that illustrates steps taken to track and manage COVID-19 rumours.\n\n\n1. **Step 01:** Community spreads rumours\n\n\n2. **Step 02:** Partners gather rumours and share them with the rumour tracking and\n\nmanagement sub-committee through the harmonized inter-agency rumour tracking link\n[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2Fe%2F1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w%2Fviewform%3Fvc%3D0%26c%3D0%26w%3D1&data=02%7C01%7Cosire%40unhcr.org%7C29f668987ed44e7a8b4d08d83e22e710%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637327666923721699&sdata=Kq9aM8VWH2dJPCu1buLcH03uLCVQ3wHUYXpl0mUYeO8%3D&reserved=0)\n[oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2Fe%2F1FAIpQLSeDgoQSh9NAVzXFh-oRjhF9j7QFd4UxY8aF8BIzzRXjDLHv0w%2Fviewform%3Fvc%3D0%26c%3D0%26w%3D1&data=02%7C01%7Cosire%40unhcr.org%7C29f668987ed44e7a8b4d08d83e22e710%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C637327666923721699&sdata=Kq9aM8VWH2dJPCu1buLcH03uLCVQ3wHUYXpl0mUYeO8%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n3. **Step 03:** The rumour tracking and management sub-committee analyzes the rumours and\n\ndevelops feedback for the community which is placed in a rumour management report\n\n\n4. **Step 04:** The rumour tracking and management sub-committee shares the rumour\n\nmanagement report with the leadership team of the RCCE working group\n\n\n5. **Step 05:** The RCCE working group leadership team shares the rumour management\n\nreport with relevant focal points for review and clearance (mainly the UNHCR public health\nteam)\n\n\n6. **Step 06:** The rumour management report is shared with relevant stakeholders for wider\n\ndissemination and feedback to refugees and host community\n\n\n**STAKEHOLDERS INCLUDE:**\n\n\n - Internews for broadcasting on Radio Salam\n\n - DRC for cascaded dissemination to refugee community-based leadership structures\n\n - HDC for cascaded dissemination to host community-based leadership structures\n\n - County Health Department for cascaded dissemination to County authorities\n\n - Rumour tracking focal points in each organization for cascaded dissemination to their\noutreach teams\n\n - Partners in the Maban RCCE working group and Maban COVID-19 technical working\ngroup for cascaded dissemination to their outreach teams and the community-based\nstructures with whom they work closely\n\n - Heads of humanitarian partner agencies for cascaded dissemination to all their staff\n\n\n4 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rumour Management Report", - "confidence": 0.9851757287979126, - "start": 34, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5987840890884399, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Maban rumour tracking and management sub-committee", - "confidence": 0.7494477033615112, - "start": 41, - "end": 47 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.6496745347976685, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rumour management report", - "confidence": 0.8061110377311707, - "start": 294, - "end": 297 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "rumour tracking and\n\nmanagement sub-committee", - "confidence": 0.5436890125274658, - "start": 232, - "end": 237 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rumour\n\nmanagement report", - "confidence": 0.9908087253570557, - "start": 314, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8041297793388367, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7033255100250244, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.8142334818840027, - "start": 494, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Juma Hilary", - "confidence": 0.8951461315155029, - "start": 501, - "end": 503 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**Status update from Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Sub-Working**\n**Group:** This sub-working group was established to build internal capacity in implementing and\nmainstreaming MHPSS interventions across the COVID-19 response in Maban County.\n\n\n1) **Harmonized messaging:** The role of the MHPSS sub-working group is to ensure MHPSS\nconsiderations are integrated across harmonized key messaging and information sharing among\npartners and community-based structures in the host and refugee communities.\n\n\nIn light of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Maban County and at the request of the Maban County\nCOVID-19 technical working group, the Maban mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS)\nsub-working group \u2013 in close coordination with the National RCCE Technical Working Group \u2013\ngenerated a set of harmonized key messages aligned to the new reality. These messages were\ndisseminated to all partners in Maban County on 11 August 2020.\n\n\n2) **Psychological first aid (PFA) trainings:** The trainings target humanitarian workers and\ncommunity-based structures in refugee camps and the host community. In August 2020, two (02)\nPFA trainings were conducted: one was for the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and the other for\nthe Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS).\n\n\n3) **Consolidated referral pathway:** The MHPSS sub-working group is working closely with\nprotection partners in Maban County to develop a consolidated inter-agency MHPSS referral\npathway that will outlive the COVID-19 response.\n\n\n5 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data consolidated", - "confidence": 0.5140031576156616, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Juma Hilary", - "confidence": 0.9273174405097961, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**Status update from Behavioural Steering Committee:** This steering committee was activated\nto support partners to align human behavior with recommendations of epidemiologists and public\nhealth experts.\n\n\n - Since the onset of the pandemic, partners in Maban had been working tirelessly to raise\nawareness on COVID-19 and sensitize the community about ways they could protect\nthemselves and loved ones from the disease. However, target audiences were slow to\nadapt the desired practices. This includes refugees, host community, local authorities and\nhumanitarian workers.\n\n - As a result, the Maban RCCE working group established a COVID-19 Behavioural\nSteering Committee charged with the responsibility of providing evidence-based advise to\nlocal authorities and partners on ways they could do things differently in order to attain the\ndesired changes in practices (short term) and behavior (long term) among their core target\naudiences.\n\n - So far, the committee has launched two advocacy campaigns, spearheaded two research\nprojects and supported humanitarian partners to document stories of COVID-19 change\nagents within the community.\n\n\n6 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**Status update from Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, Research and Learning**\n**(MEARL) Unit:** The MEARL Unit serves two primary purposes: 1) Data collection of RCCE\nmonitoring data, and 2) Supporting inter-agency RCCE research initiatives\n\n\n1) **Collection of RCCE monitoring data:** Humanitarian partners in Maban submit their RCCE\nmonitoring data to the MEARL Unit on a weekly basis. The MEARL Unit consolidates this\ninformation and submits it to the National RCCE Technical Working Group on a weekly basis. For\nhumanitarian partners in Maban, alongside the raw RCCE data, the MEARL Unit also shares an\nexploratory data analysis report. **Attached is the August 2020 data analysis report:**\n\n\nAll humanitarian partners in South Sudan who are involved in COVID-19 RCCE interventions are\nrequired to submit their weekly RCCE monitoring data to the National RCCE Technical Working\nGroup on a weekly basis. They are expected to use a harmonized tool that was developed by the\nNational RCCE Technical Working Group.\n\n\nWhen the monitoring tool was rolled out across South Sudan, the Maban RCCE Working Group\ninvited an official from the National RCCE Technical Working Group to speak to humanitarian\npartners in Maban about the importance of sharing their data. Thereafter, the MEARL Unit\norganized an inter-agency training for all monitoring and evaluation (M&E) focal points in Maban\nCounty. During this training, the MEARL Unit showed M&E focal points how to use the harmonized\nmonitoring tool.\n\n\n7 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RCCE\nmonitoring data", - "confidence": 0.964673638343811, - "start": 68, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN", - "confidence": 0.5121332406997681, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Humanitarian partners", - "confidence": 0.9442159533500671, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data analysis report", - "confidence": 0.7914594411849976, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5246263146400452, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "National RCCE Technical Working\nGroup", - "confidence": 0.5619429349899292, - "start": 191, - "end": 196 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9037994146347046, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5905136466026306, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian partners", - "confidence": 0.96039879322052, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "harmonized\nmonitoring tool", - "confidence": 0.6111425161361694, - "start": 303, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Juma Hilary", - "confidence": 0.9037491083145142, - "start": 316, - "end": 318 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n2) **Supporting inter-agency RCCE research initiatives:** The MEARL Unit has supported the\nBehavioural Steering Committee to conduct two inter-agency RCCE research projects: 1) The\nfirst was a rapid knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey that was conducted across the\nrefugee camps and host community in June 2020; 2) The second was research on how to more\neffectively engage the community in COVID-19 interventions in July 2020. Both research projects\nhad the backing of the national RCCE technical working group, and they shaped national RCCE\nguidance policies in South Sudan.\n\n\n**Inter-agency guideline on safe disposal of face masks:** Led by the UNHCR Environment Unit,\nthe Maban RCCE working group developed an inter-agency guideline to provide direction on safe\ndisposal of used face masks.\n\n\nIn wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of South Sudan made it mandatory for\neveryone in a public space to wear face masks. The Maban RCCE working group predicted that\nthis would inadvertently lead to an upsurge of masks in circulation. Consequently, they developed\nan on inter-agency guideline which provides direction to humanitarian partners in Maban on safe\ndisposal of medical and non-medical masks at the community level, within humanitarian\ncompounds and at healthcare facilities. The practical steps that are spelled out in the guideline\nexplain what can be done to ensure that waste is managed in a manner that protects human\nhealth and the environment against adverse effects. The guideline is informed by best\nenvironmental practices and the World Health Organization (WHO) summary of safe\nmanagement of wastes from healthcare activities. **Attached is the guideline on safe disposal**\n**of face masks:**\n\n\n8 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid knowledge, attitudes and practices", - "confidence": 0.9333825707435608, - "start": 65, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9641191363334656, - "start": 74, - "end": 75 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KAP", - "confidence": 0.9516672492027283, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.5008354783058167, - "start": 132, - "end": 134 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "June 2020", - "confidence": 0.6674290895462036, - "start": 86, - "end": 88 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee camps and host community", - "confidence": 0.8114703297615051, - "start": 80, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\nAlongside the guideline comes a self-inspection checklist that partners are encouraged to use to\ndevelop tailormade waste management plans. The Maban RCCE working group provide partners\nsupport to develop their own plans. **Attached is the self-inspection checklist:**\n\n### **ANNEXES:**\n\n\nTwo files are attached as annexes to this report:\n\n\n - **Annex 01:** Monthly RCCE data analysis report for Maban County (August 2020)\n\n\n - **Annex 02:** Status update on cascaded rumour tacking & management trainings in\nMaban County (August 2020)\n\n\nEnd //\n\n\n9 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Juma Hilary ( **UNHCR** ) and Mary-Sanyu Osire ( **UNHCR** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-inspection checklist", - "confidence": 0.7076892256736755, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5118429660797119, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.9883617758750916, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "cascaded rumour tacking & management trainings", - "confidence": 0.5513414740562439, - "start": 124, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.9939390420913696, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "August 2020", - "confidence": 0.6867812275886536, - "start": 110, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c158c09f-fdff-31d9-8e4e-5231d5324b4b/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_CumulativeReport_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_709/raw/doc_709_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_709/raw/doc_709_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 01f31ec59eb378fa9b8bca6e750fbb993968c10b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_709/raw/doc_709_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,317 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n# Analysis of Monthly Inter-Agency Monitoring Data for COVID-19 RCCE Activities in Maban County\n\n## **Saturday 01 August 2020 \u2013 Monday 31 August 2020**\n\n\nMaban County\nHealth Department\n\n\n**Background:** All humanitarian partners in South Sudan involved in COVID-19 risk\ncommunication and community engagement (RCCE) interventions are required to submit their\nmonitoring and evaluation (M&E) data to the national RCCE working group on a weekly basis. In\nMaban, humanitarian partners submit their data to the Maban RCCE working group, which\nconsolidates the information and sends it to the national RCCE working group on a weekly basis.\nPartners use a harmonized M&E tool that was developed by the national RCCE working group.\nThis report outlines RCCE data that was collected in Maban County over the month of August.\n\n\n**Acknowledging partners who submitted RCCE data in August:** 1) Humanitarian Development\nConsortium (HDC), 2) Relief International (RI), 3) Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), 4) M\u00e9decins San\nFronti\u00e8res (MSF), 5) Save the Children International (SCI), 6) Danish Refugee Council (DRC), 7)\nLutheran World Federation (LWF), 8) Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP)\n\n\n**Table of contents**\n\n\n1.0. Number of trainings conducted for community mobilisers/volunteers & Number of religious\nleaders/community influencers oriented on COVID-19 including teachers, traditional healers,\nwomen and youth leaders ( **page 02** )\n2.0. Number of partner staff oriented on COVID-19 ( **page 03** )\n3.0. Number of community mobilizers conducting house-to-house interpersonal communication ( **pg 03** )\n4.0. Number of households reached/covered with COVID-19 messages ( **page 04** )\n5.0. Number of people reached wi th COVID-19 messages by community mobilisers ( **page 05** )\n6.0. Number of community mobilisers/volunteers/hygiene promoters oriented on COVID-19 ( **page 06** )\n7.0. Number of people reached through megaphone announcements ( **page 06** )\n8.0. Number of community leaders oriented on COVID-19 ( **page 07** )\n9.0. Number of community engagement meetings conducted with less than 10 participants ( **page 07** )\n10.0. Number of rumours picked up from communities and reported ( **page 08** )\n11.0. Number of radio talk shows ( **page 09** )\n12.0. Overall findings ( **page 09** )\n13.0. Key recommendations ( **page 11** )\n\n\n1 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly Inter-Agency Monitoring Data", - "confidence": 0.8597164750099182, - "start": 33, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.9375464916229248, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian partners", - "confidence": 0.5327085852622986, - "start": 115, - "end": 117 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RCCE data", - "confidence": 0.709443986415863, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "national RCCE working group", - "confidence": 0.7464989423751831, - "start": 103, - "end": 107 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.7325742840766907, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian partners", - "confidence": 0.8942111134529114, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.834965705871582, - "start": 550, - "end": 555 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Musa Stephen John", - "confidence": 0.7907570004463196, - "start": 557, - "end": 560 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**1.0 Number of trainings conducted for community mobilisers/volunteers & Number of**\n\n**religious leaders/community influencers oriented on COVID-19 including teachers,**\n**traditional healers, women and youth leaders**\n\n\nTrainings / Orientations\n\n\n\nSP\n\n\nSave the Children\n\n\nRelief International\n\n\nMSF\n\n\nLWF\n\n\nJRS\n\n\nHDC\n\n\nDRC\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n**33**\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35\n\n\nNumber of trainings conducted for community mobilisers/ volunteers on COVID19\n\n\nNumber of Religious Leaders / Community Influencers Oriented on COVID-19 including Teachers,\nTraditional Healers, Women and Youth leaders\n\n\nOver the month of August, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) conducted 04 trainings for community\nmobilizers/volunteers; Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) conducted 09 trainings; Humanitarian\nDevelopment Consortium (HDC) conducted 06 trainings and Danish Refugee Council (DRC)\nconducted 02 trainings.\n\n\nOn the other hand, Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP) oriented 02 community leaders/community influencers\nincluding teachers, traditional healers, women and youth leaders on COVID-19, Save the Children\n(SCI) oriented 33 people, Relief International (RI) and M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) both\noriented 16 people, Lutheran World Federation (LWF) oriented 11 people, Jesuit Refugee Service\n(JRS) oriented 20 people, Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) oriented 19 people and\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC) oriented 12 people.\n\n\n2 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**2.0 Number of partner staff oriented on COVID-19**\n\n\n**Number of partner staff Oriented on COVID-19**\n\n\n100\n\n\n\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJRS LWF MSF\n\n\nMale Female\n\n\nIn August, Lutheran World Federation (LWF) oriented 92 staff (19 female, 73 male) on COVID19, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) oriented 38 staff (09 female, 29 male) and Jesuit Refugee\nService (JRS) oriented 12 staff (02 female, 10 male).\n\n\n**3.0 Number of community mobilizers conducting house-to-house interpersonal**\n**communication**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOver the month of August, 35 community mobilizers from Danish Refugee Council (DRC), 201\nfrom Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and 20 community mobilizers from M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res\n(MSF) conducted house-to-house interpersonal communication.\n\n\n3 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**4.0 Number of households reached/covered with COVID-19 messages**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHumanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) reached 89.3% households with COVID-19\nmessages from the host community; Danish Refugee Council (DRC) covered 2.16% of\nhouseholds {0.56% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 0.91% in Doro refugee camp, 0.34% in\nGendrassa refugee camp and 0.35% in Kaya refugee camp}; Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)\nreached 6.03% of households {0.87% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 3.27% in Doro refugee camp,\n0.84% in Gendrassa refugee camp and 1.05% in Kaya refugee camp}; Lutheran World Federation\n(LWF) reached 0.27% of households {0.21% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 0.04% in Gendrassa\nrefugee camp and 0.02% Kaya refugee camp}; and finally, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF)\nreached 1.78% of households {0.92% in Doro refugee camp and 0.86% in Kaya refugee camp.}\n\n\n4 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.7366690039634705, - "start": 250, - "end": 255 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Musa Stephen John", - "confidence": 0.7373992204666138, - "start": 257, - "end": 260 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8787996172904968, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**5.0 Number of people reached with COVID-19 messages by community mobilisers**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn August, community mobilizers reached 72,709 people with COVID-19 messages across the 04\nrefugee camps and the host community. A vast majority 65.19% (39.48% female, 25.71% male)\nof the people were from the host community, 5.31% (3.11% female, 2.20% male) were from Yusuf\nBatil refugee camp, 16.3% (11.28% female, 5.02% male) were from Doro refugee camp, 3.49%\n(2.31% female, 1.18% male) were from Gendrassa refugee camp and 9.7% (3.97% female,\n5.73% male) of the people were from Kaya refugee camp.\n\n\n5 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**6.0 Number of community mobilisers/volunteers/hygiene promoters oriented on COVID-19**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOver the month of August, Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) oriented 16 (02 female,\n14 male) community mobilisers/volunteers/hygiene promoters on COVID-19, Lutheran World\nFederation (LWF) oriented 241 (104 female, 137 male) people, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)\noriented 21 (08 female, 13 male) people and Relief International (RI) oriented 104 (40 female, 64\nmale) people.\n\n\n**7.0 Number of people reached through megaphone announcements**\n\n\n**Number of people reached through megaphone announcements**\n\n\n\n30000\n\n\n25000\n\n\n20000\n\n\n15000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n5000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n48.47%\n\n\n\n19.74%\n18.52%\n\n\n0.04%\n\n\n\n9.54%\n\n\n\n0.78%\n\n\n\n2.91%\n\n\n\nBatil Doro Gendrassa Host Community Kaya\n\n\nDRC HDC JRS Save the Children\n\n\nOver the month of August, Danish Refugee Council (DRC) reached 28.84% of people through\nmegaphone announcements {18.52% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 0.78% in Gendrassa refugee\ncamp and 9.54% in Kaya refugee camp}; Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) reached\n48.47% of people from the host community and Save the Children International (SCI) reached\n0.04% of people from Yusuf Batil refugee camp.\n\n\n6 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.6437693238258362, - "start": 294, - "end": 299 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Musa Stephen John", - "confidence": 0.7548936009407043, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yusuf Batil refugee camp", - "confidence": 0.5636470317840576, - "start": 230, - "end": 234 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**8.0 Number of community leaders oriented on COVID-19 (paramount chiefs, chiefs, sub-**\n**chiefs, headsmen, executive committees)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOver the month of August, the following partners oriented community leaders on COVID-19: 21\n(09 female, 12 male) by Danish Refugee Council (DRC), 25 (19 male, 06 female by Humanitarian\nDevelopment Consortium (HDC), 20 male by Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), 11 male by Lutheran\nWorld Federation, 18 (16 male, 2 female) by Medicins Sans Frontiers (MSF), 16 male by Relief\nInternational, 41 (08 female, 33 male) by Save the Children International, and 2 male by\nSamaritans Purse (SP).\n\n\n**9.0 Number of community engagement meetings conducted with less than 10 participants**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n06 community engagement meetings were conducted with less than 10 participants over the\nmonth of August by Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and Save the Children International (SCI). 28\nother meetings were conducted by Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC), 18 by Jesuit\nRefugee Service (JRS) and 30 by M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF).\n\n\n7 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**10.0 Number of rumours picked up from communities and reported**\n\n\n**Number of rumours picked up from the communities and reported**\n\n\n\nSP\n\n\nSave the Children\n\n\nRelief International\n\n\nMSF\n\n\nLWF\n\n\nJRS\n\n\nHDC\n\n\nDRC\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n3\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n3\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n4\n\n\n20\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35\n\n\nBatil Doro Gendrassa Host Community Kaya\n\n\n02 of the rumours reported by Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP) over the month of August were from the\nhost community; while Save the Children International (SCI) reported 20 rumours from the host\ncommunity, 04 from Kaya refugee camp, 03 from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 03 from Doro refugee\ncamp and 03 from Gendrassa refugee camp. On the other hand, Relief International (RI) reported\n04 rumours from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 04 from Doro refugee camp, 04 from Gendrassa\nrefugee camp and 04 from Kaya refugee camp; while M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) reported\n08 rumours from Doro refugee camp and 06 from the host community. Lutheran World Federation\n(LWF) reported 01 rumour from Gendrassa refugee camp and 03 from Yusuf Batil refugee camp,\n03 from Doro refugee camp, and 03 from Kaya refugee camp; while Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)\nreported 04 rumours from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 04 from Doro refugee camp, 04 from\nGendrassa refugee camp, 04 from Kaya refugee camp and 04 from the host community. Finally,\nHumanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) reported 20 rumours from the host community;\nwhile Danish Refugee Council (DRC) picked and reported 03 rumours from Yusuf Batil refugee\ncamp, 03 from Doro refugee camp, 03 from Gendrassa refugee camp and 03 from Kaya refugee\ncamp.\n\n\n8 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE", - "confidence": 0.5629362463951111, - "start": 2, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "MABAN COUNTY", - "confidence": 0.7291483283042908, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**11.0 Number of radio talk shows**\n\n\n\n\n\nOver the month of August, 80% of the radio airing talk shows were done by Lutheran World\nFederation (LWF) and 20% by Save the Children International (SCI).\n\n\n**12.0 Overall findings**\n\n\n - Over the month of August, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) conducted 04 trainings for\ncommunity mobilizers/volunteers; Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) conducted 09 trainings;\nHumanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) conducted 06 trainings and Danish\nRefugee Council (DRC) conducted 02 trainings.\n\n - On the other hand, Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP) oriented 02 community leaders/community\ninfluencers including teachers, traditional healers, women and youth leaders on COVID19, Save the Children (SCI) oriented 33 people, Relief International (RI) and M\u00e9decins\nSan Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) both oriented 16 people, Lutheran World Federation (LWF) oriented\n11 people, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) oriented 20 people, Humanitarian Development\nConsortium (HDC) oriented 19 people and Danish Refugee Council (DRC) oriented 12\npeople.\n\n - In August, Lutheran World Federation (LWF) oriented 92 (19 female, 73 male) staff on\nCOVID-19, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) oriented 38 (09 female, 29 male) staff and\nJesuit Refugee Service (JRS) oriented 12 (02 female, 10 male) staff.\n\n - Over the month of August, Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) oriented 16 (02\nfemale, 14 male) community mobilisers/volunteers/hygiene promoters on COVID-19,\nLutheran World Federation (LWF) oriented 241 (135 female, 106 male ) people, Jesuit\nRefugee Service (JRS) oriented 21 (08 female, 13 male) people and Relief International\n(RI) oriented 104 (40 female, 64 male) people.\n\n\n9 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n - Humanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) reached 89.3% households with COVID19 messages from the host community; Danish Refugee Council (DRC) covered 2.16%\nof households {0.56% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 0.91% in Doro refugee camp, 0.34%\nin Gendrassa refugee camp and 0.35% in Kaya refugee camp}; Jesuit Refugee Service\n(JRS) reached 6.03% of households {0.87% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 3.27% in Doro\nrefugee camp, 0.84% in Gendrassa refugee camp and 1.05% in Kaya refugee camp};\nLutheran World Federation (LWF) reached 0.27% of households {0.21% in Yusuf Batil\nrefugee camp, 0.04% in Gendrassa refugee camp and 0.02% Kaya refugee camp}; and\nfinally, M\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) reached 1.78% of households {0.92% in Doro\nrefugee camp and 0.86% in Kaya refugee camp.}\n\n - In August, community mobilizers reached 72,709 people with COVID-19 messages across\nthe 04 refugee camps and the host community. A vast majority 65.19% (39.48% female,\n25.71% male) of the people were from the host community, 5.31% (3.11% female, 2.20%\nmale) were from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 16.3% (11.28% female, 5.02% male) were\nfrom Doro refugee camp, 3.49% (2.31% female, 1.18% male) were from Gendrassa\nrefugee camp and 9.7% (3.97% female, 5.73% male) of the people were from Kaya\nrefugee camp.\n\n - Over the month of August, Danish Refugee Council (DRC) reached 28.84% of people\nthrough megaphone announcements {18.52% in Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 0.78% in\nGendrassa refugee camp and 9.54% in Kaya refugee camp}; Humanitarian Development\nConsortium (HDC) reached 48.47% of people from the host community and Save the\nChildren International (SCI) reached 0.04% of people from Yusuf Batil refugee camp.\n\n - 06 community engagement meetings were conducted with less than 10 participants over\nthe month of August by Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and Save the Children\nInternational (SCI). 28 other meetings were conducted by Humanitarian Development\nConsortium (HDC), 18 by Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and 30 by M\u00e9decins San\nFronti\u00e8res (MSF).\n\n - 02 of the rumours reported by Samaritan\u2019s Purse (SP) over the month of August were\nfrom the host community; while Save the Children International (SCI) reported 20 rumours\nfrom the host community, 04 from Kaya refugee camp, 03 from Yusuf Batil refugee camp,\n03 from Doro refugee camp and 03 from Gendrassa refugee camp. On the other hand,\nRelief International (RI) reported 04 rumours from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 04 from Doro\nrefugee camp, 04 from Gendrassa refugee camp and 04 from Kaya refugee camp; while\nM\u00e9decins San Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) reported 08 rumours from Doro refugee camp and 06\nfrom the host community. Lutheran World Federation (LWF) reported 01 rumour from\nGendrassa refugee camp and 03 from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 03 from Doro refugee\ncamp, and 03 from Kaya refugee camp; while Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) reported 04\nrumours from Yusuf Batil refugee camp, 04 from Doro refugee camp, 04 from Gendrassa\nrefugee camp, 04 from Kaya refugee camp and 04 from the host community. Finally,\nHumanitarian Development Consortium (HDC) reported 20 rumours from the host\ncommunity; while Danish Refugee Council (DRC) picked and reported 03 rumours from\nYusuf Batil refugee camp, 03 from Doro refugee camp, 03 from Gendrassa refugee camp\nand 03 from Kaya refugee camp.\n\n - Over the month of August, 80% of the radio airing talk shows were done by Lutheran\nWorld Federation (LWF) and 20% by Save the Children International (SCI).\n\n\n10 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "P a g e\nData", - "confidence": 0.5815184116363525, - "start": 825, - "end": 830 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Musa Stephen John", - "confidence": 0.6653721332550049, - "start": 832, - "end": 835 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MABAN COUNTY COVID-19 RESPONSE**\n**MABAN RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORKING GROUP**\n\nMONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESEARCH AND LEARNING UNIT\n\n\n**13.0 Key recommendations**\n\n\n - Risk communication and community engagement action plans should be revised\naccording to the evolving situation. Objectives and priorities may change over time\ndepending on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and people\u2019s reactions to the\nresponse.\n\n - As schools re-open (date to be advised) and religious gatherings resume, partners\ninvolved in risk communication and community engagement should adapt activities and\nefforts to guide people on how to interact because it is not a return to \u2018normal\u2019.\n\n - To strengthen effectiveness of the COVID-19 response and avoid duplication, partners\ninvolved in risk communication and community engagement should coordinate and plan\nclosely with existing community structures in refugee camps and host communities, local\nauthorities, government counterparts and among other partners involved in the response.\n\n - Partners involved in risk communication and community engagement should continue to\nproactively communicate and promote two-way dialogue with communities, the public and\nother stakeholders in order to: understand risk perceptions, behaviors, existing barriers,\nspecific needs, and knowledge gaps; provide the identified communities/groups with\naccurate information tailored to their circumstances; and, ensure active engagement of\ncommunities (from the household level to the community structures) in the RCCE efforts.\n\n\nEnd //\n\n\n11 | P a g e\nData consolidated by Musa Stephen John ( **DRC** ), Matthew Ippel ( **JRS** ) and Mathew Deng ( **WFP** )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/826e6b4d-6f87-336e-b973-6d4d97a499bc/UNHCR%20SSD_MabanRCCE_DataAnalysis_Aug20.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_71/raw/doc_71_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_71/raw/doc_71_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7b8a17de97a7c8a2dcfec2c6713f485d24f57fe5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_71/raw/doc_71_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **April 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\nAs the conflict between the Government of Nigeria (GoN) and NonState Armed Groups (NSAGs) in **North-East Nigeria** enters its 12 [th]\nyear, the people in the states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (referred\nto as the BAY states) continue to face **widespread insecurity and**\n**ongoing military operations, damaged infrastructure, tattered local**\n**economies, loss of livelihoods and gross violations of their human**\n**rights by all parties to the conflict** . The COVID-19 pandemic and ever\ndeteriorating global food security have exacerbated already\nprecarious conditions, leaving a projected 8.4 million people across\nthe BAY states in need of humanitarian assistance and protection in\n2022. **Among them, 4.2 million people live in Borno state alone with**\n**around 1.6 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) out of the 2.2**\n**million persons displaced across the three North-Eastern BAY**\n**states** . [1] Insecurity and resultant restrictions imposed by the Borno\nState Government (BSG) on movements make humanitarian\noperations both dangerous and difficult. Humanitarian actors cannot\nreach an estimated **1.1 million people in need who reside in**\n**inaccessible areas**, while humanitarian operations mostly focus on\nthe state capital, Maiduguri, and garrison towns in Local Government\nAreas (LGAs). As displaced, returning and host communities are all\nexperiencing critical needs across all sectors, the inaccessible areas\nin Northern Borno, where food security levels are likely to have\nreached famine levels, are of highest concern. **This Protection**\n**Analysis Update (PAU) focuses on Borno state,** as it hosts the\nmajority of conflict-affected and displaced persons across the BAY\nstates and remains the hotspot of the crisis in North-East Nigeria. **It**\n**sheds light on three concerning developments and their protection**\n\n\n1 Nigeria Humanitarian Needs Overview 2022\n\n\n\n**a. Severity Scale of the covered geographical area**\nOut of the 27 LGAs of Borno state, 7 fall under severity phase 2, 8\nunder severity phase 3, and 8 under severity phase 4 (making a total\nof 23, as 4 fall under severity phase 0)\n\n\n**b. Key Protection Figures**\n_Civilian casualties over the past 6 months_\nBetween September 2021 and March 2022, ACLED recorded 139\nevents of violence against civilians in Nigeria with 247 fatalities.\n_Damage to civilian infrastructure_\nWorth of damage to services and infrastructure in Borno state:\n$6.9 billion.\n_Displacement trends_\n1,613,019 persons are displaced in Borno state out of whom 49%\nlive in host communities and 51% in camps and camp-like settings.\n\n_Protection Persons in Need (PIN)_ : 4.3 million\nProtection: 4,255,958\nChild Protection: 2,045,461\nGender-Based Violence: 1,362,447\nHouse Land and Property: 970,133\nMine Action: 1,173,232\n\n\n**implications for the civilian population in Borno. These include**\n**camp closures in** **Maiduguri Metropolitan Centre (MMC) and Jere**\n**LGAs with enforced relocations and returns to various areas across**\n**Borno, food insecurity and restrictions related to humanitarian**\n**food distributions, as well as the curtailment of the freedom of**\n**movement** .\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\n**Borno state is considered as the epicentre of the crisis across the**\n**BAY states.** Since the beginning of 2022, Government Forces (GF)\nhave considerably stepped up their operations against NSAGs under\nthe \u201cDesert Sanity\u201d campaign, now deploying ground forces on a\nlarge scale in NSAG areas. During the first quarter of 2022, NSAGs\nincreased their attacks, primarily due to an exacerbation of inter and\nintra-NSAG clashes. **A total of 679 NSAG incidents were recorded**\n**since January 2022, causing 340 civilian casualties and 270 GF**\n**casualties.** The widespread violence and insecurity, compounded by\nthe closure of camps in MMC and Jere LGAs, food reduction and\nrestrictions, and limited freedom of movement, have posed serious\nprotection risks for the civilian population in Borno who continues to\nexperience gross human rights violations with **a lack of adherence to**\n**key protection and humanitarian principles by all conflict parties in**\n**North-East Nigeria** . Protection monitoring reports highlighted\nviolations of the right to life, liberty and personal security as well as\nthe right of freedom from torture, cruel and degrading treatment\nwith various forms of physical and psychological violence committed\nagainst the population in Borno. This included abductions, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests and detention, enforced\ndisappearances, inhumane treatment of the elderly and the disabled\n(especially persons with mental illness), rape, sexual and physical\nassault, exploitation and abuse, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM),\nchild recruitment, the use of civilians as Person-Borne Improvised\nExplosive Devices (PBIED) and Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive\nDevices (VBIED), and the destruction of critical services \u2013 such as\nhealth and education \u2013 and public and private infrastructure.\n\n\n\n**Protection monitoring reports as of 31 March 2022 estimate that**\n**over 150,000 people were adversely affected by 453 reported**\n**protection incidents**, ranging from GBV, attacks by NSAGs, physical\nassault by the members of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF),\nabduction, fire outbreaks, looting, communal clashes and forced\nevictions by landlords. IDPs were disproportionately affected by\nthese incidents, with over 60% of the victims being women and girls.\n\n#### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n##### RISK 1: Camp closures and enforced relocations and returns\n\nPursuing its Return Agenda to relocate/return all displaced Nigerians\nto their ancestral homelands, the BSG started implementing its plan\nto close IDP camps in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and\nJere LGAs in 2021. In contravention of international law and binding\nframeworks, the BSG has not complied with minimum conditions that\nensure returns and relocations are voluntary, safe, and dignified\nbased on the informed consent and involvement of the displaced\npopulations and members of the host community throughout all\nstages of the process. **In a non-consultative and uncoordinated**\n**manner, the BSG closed 6 camps so far, including Mocgolis camp**\n**and NYSC camp in May 2021, Farm Centre camp in September 2021,**\n**Bakasi camp in November 2021 as well as Stadium camp and**\n**Teachers Village camp in January 2022. A total of 22,872 households**\n**comprising 103,568 IDPs were affected by the camp closures and**\n**were either returned to their areas of origin or relocated to**\n**locations closer to their ancestral homes or moved elsewhere into**\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.999876856803894, - "start": 205, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North-East Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.8663853406906128, - "start": 200, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "31 March", - "confidence": 0.5599064230918884, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilian population", - "confidence": 0.5467051863670349, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9977098703384399, - "start": 343, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6340639591217041, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8640853762626648, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8187010288238525, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**camp or non-camp settings** . According to community consultations\nconducted by protection partners in December 2021, only 56% of the\ninterviewed persons who were affected by the enforced relocations\nand returns in Borno state indicated to have been fully informed by\nthe BSG of its plan to close their camp, evidencing low awareness\nlevels among IDPs. **As a result of the camp closures, over half of the**\n**affected population, estimated at 11,590 households of 60,074**\n**individuals are now in a state of secondary or multiple displacement**\n**in locations unconducive for return or relocation with limited access**\n**to services and livelihood opportunities that make their stay there**\n**unsustainable** . Relocation and return areas have also been unsafe\nand inaccessible to humanitarian actors due to insecurity and\ngovernment-imposed restrictions of independent movements.\nIntensified attacks by NSAGs on the relocation and return sites \u2013\namong them in Damasak, Gajiram, Kukawa, and Marte \u2013 have caused\nIDPs who had been relocated or returned there by the BSG to flee,\nwith some of them returning to the locations they were initially\nmoved away from.\n\n\n\nThe enforced relocations and returns are continuing despite the\nworsening security situation and protests from the humanitarian\ncommunity: the camps of Dalori 1 and Dalori 2 received notice of\nclosure in January 2022, and Gubio Road camp and Muna El-Badawee\ncamp did so in February 2022, while the BSA did not communicate\nthe actual date of closure yet. As Maiduguri and Jere LGAs host 144\nformal and informal camps, a total of 44,603 households with a\ncombined population of 225,425 IDPs are ultimately still at risk of\ncamp closure and thereby enforced relocation and return. **The**\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**impending closures have severely impacted the humanitarian**\n**community\u2019s ability to plan for the longevity of their services, thus**\n**leading to serious gaps in service provision** . This has created a\nnegative push factor, indirectly incentivizing the IDPs to leave their\ncurrent locations.\n\n\n_Participants of a community consultation with male IDPs shared that \u201cbecause of the_\n_planned closure of the camps, there has not been any food distribution in four months_\n_and this has pushed our community to the brink of survival\u201d._\n\n\n**At the same time, according to community consultations conducted**\n**by protection partners, the majority of affected IDPs (93% of the**\n**interviewed persons) have received a token from the BSA which**\n**serves as a minimum support package to access cash and other**\n**government support upon their relocation or return, creating a**\n**negative pull factor for IDP movements away from their**\n**displacement locations.** A significant minority (7% of the interviewed\npersons) has not received tokens given uncoordinated \u2018registration\u2019\nprocesses and are therefore at risk of exclusion from even the\nminimum BSG return support package. This has caused some to\nresort to negative coping mechanisms such as child labour. In the\nIDPs\u2019 attempt to sustain themselves, others moved back to informal\n\n\n\ncamps out of concern that they would be found out by the authorities\nand forcefully returned to their relocation or return sites. This has put\na strain on the existing IDP camps in the different LGAs and on host\ncommunities, exposing IDPs to exacerbating protection risks.\n\n##### RISK 2: Denial or impediments to resources, opportunities, services resulting in high levels of food insecurity\n\nWith the conflict in North-East Nigeria ongoing in its 12 [th] year, the\nfood insecurity and hunger situation has remained a major concern\nwith grave protection implications for the civilian population. **Out of**\n**Borno state\u2019s 6.3 million people, 1.4 million persons (23%) across 18**\n**LGAs find themselves in a state of critical acute food insecurity as of**\n**March 2022.** Borno\u2019s LGA Gubio even ranks under the emergency\nphase of food and nutrition insecurity. **Projections for the upcoming**\n**lean season show that 1.9 million people will be in an acute food**\n**insecurity situation (increase to 31%) across 23 LGAs by August**\n**2022, with the three LGAs of Abadam, Gubio and Mobbar even in**\n**the emergency phase** . Out of the critically acute food insecure\npopulation as of March 2022, 380,000 people (27%) are estimated to\nbe in inaccessible areas across 14 LGAs in Borno state, where they\nlack access to life saving assistance and protection, projected to even\nincrease to 443,000 inaccessible persons by August 2022.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Source: Cadre Harmonise Analysis 2017 \u2013 2022; Monthly 5Ws as submitted by Food_\n_Security Sector, government, and non-government partners._\n\n\nLivelihoods across Borno state are seriously disrupted due to the\nongoing conflict, with many households unable to access income\ngenerating activities to meet their basic food needs. **The majority of**\n**people depend on agricultural livelihoods \u2013 the mainstay of Borno\u2019s**\n**economy \u2013 but cannot pursue farming and fishing, as they are**\n**frequently attacked by NSAGs, suffering different forms of violence**\n**such as exploitation and abuse, abductions, and killings at their**\n**hands** . Engendered by the global spike in food prices and reduced\nmarket stocks, food consumption levels in Borno state are expected\nto deteriorate even further throughout 2022.\n\nWhile the majority of IDPs are fully dependent on food provided by\nhumanitarian actors due to a lack of alternative livelihood\nopportunities and their limited freedom of movement to pursue\nagricultural activities outside of GFs controlled areas, the World Food\nProgramme (WFP) reduced the number of beneficiaries and the\n\n\n\nquantity of food rations in all major locations in Borno in January\n2022 given a lack of funding.\n\n\n**In December 2021, the BSG banned humanitarian food distributions**\n**across Borno state in areas where IDPs had been newly resettled to** .\nWhile stating that the aim was to make relocated communities selfsufficient and not dependent on aid, **the relocation sites do not**\n**provide the conditions for income generation and thereby food**\n**security, often being located in unsafe areas with an already high**\n**level of food insecurity** . The assistance provided by the BSA has\ngenerally proven not to be sustainable and adequate (one-off\ndistributions, no needs assessments etc.). Information collected by\nprotection partners in the relocation sites evidences this, for instance\nnone of the IDPs relocated to Monguno had received any food\nassistance either prior or after arriving in Monguno, being left with\nno option but to adopt negative coping mechanisms for survival.\n**Partner reporting also highlights that a lack of fuel for cooking has**\n**driven up the threat of violence, as women and girls were forced to**\n**collect firewood and experienced GBV incidents while doing so.**\nProtection partners in Bama, Banki, and Ngala have furthermore\ndocumented abduction of men, women, boys and girls who fetched\nfirewood.\n\n##### RISK 3: Curtailment of freedom of movement\n\n\nViolence and insecurity continue to deeply impact the ability of\ncivilians to enjoy freedom and safety of movement in Borno state. In\nsome garrison towns, **IDPs cannot freely move out of the camps**\n**without obtaining clearance from the camp security and GFs and**\n**are expected to be back at the camp at specific times** . **This has**\n**negatively affected the IDPs\u2019 ability to go about livelihood activities**\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**and become more self-sustainable. Depending on the IDP camp**\n**location, civilian movements require armed escorts for a number of**\n**roads given the high road insecurity** . People sometimes need to wait\nfor days for an armed escort, which has created barriers to their\naccess to basic services such health facilities and at times has posed\nrisks to their life. **Again, of particular concern is the**\n**relocation/return of displaced populations to areas where their**\n**movement is severely curtailed given both high levels of insecurity**\n**and related BSG-imposed movement restrictions, since this makes**\n**IDP** **self-sustainability** **impossible** **and** **artificially** **creates**\n**humanitarian needs in inaccessible areas unfit for the neutral and**\n**impartial delivery of humanitarian aid.**\n\n\nMovements in areas that do not require armed escorts remain also\nrestricted and unsafe for the civilian population. **The use of explosive**\n**ordnance in areas populated by civilians, in particular Improvised**\n**Explosive Devices (IEDs), is widespread across Borno state but**\n**witnessed a notable uptick between January and March 2022 with**\n**163 casualties recorded** . The prominent use of IEDs by NSAGs is due\nin particular to the re-opening of the Maiduguri-Damboa road in\nFebruary and the lifting of the requirement for armed escorts along\nthe Dikwa-Ngala highway, where attacks intensified since the\nbeginning of the year, as well as a prioritization of asymmetric tactics\nby NSAGs given BSG advances. **The limited freedom of movement**\n**and lack of access makes both a large-scale, comprehensive survey**\n**of the contamination and clearance impossible as well as not**\n**allowing for multi-sectoral needs assessments by humanitarian**\n**partners, which are likewise affected by the road insecurity with**\n**compromised operational capacity.**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 4. EFFECT ON THE POPULATION\n\n##### Camp closures and enforced relocations and returns\n\nThe closure of camps has led camp residents to relocate to urban\ncentres of MMC and Jere LGAs due to safety concerns within their\nareas of origin and a lack of basic services and relevant civilian\ninfrastructure. When families have not been able to get hosted by\nother community members, they have had to pay rent for their\nprivate accommodation, putting an extra burden on households\u2019\nalready strained economic situation. In order to make ends meet,\nmany IDPs were obliged to engage in negative coping mechanisms,\nthereby exposing them to further protection risks. **The camp closures**\n**and relocations have also led to overcrowding of IDP camps in LGAs**\n**where IDPs were returned to, as reportedly 41% of the IDPs who**\n**were relocated or returned moved into other IDP camps.** This has\noverstretched ongoing humanitarian service provision in support of\nthe camp residents. Regardless of having been relocated or returned\ninto camp or non-camp settings, many IDPs with protection concerns\nthat received support by humanitarian actors **could not easily**\n**continue receiving protection interventions** due to the ad hoc\nmanner in which the relocations took place without the involvement\nof humanitarian actors.\n\n##### Denial or impediments to resources, opportunities, services resulting in high levels of food insecurity\n\nConsidering their already precarious circumstances, the food\nreduction has further exacerbated the protection risks faced by the\ncivilian population. **Many households adopted negative coping**\n**mechanism, amongst them child labour and begging to increase**\n**sources of income to buy food, which has exposed especially girls**\n\n\n\n**and boys to sexual exploitation and abuse** . Other coping\nmechanisms have included borrowing food, relying on support from\nfriends and relatives, reducing or skipping the number of meals per\nday, or relying on less preferred/expensive food options.\n**Furthermore, incidents of theft have increased, in Dikwa and Ngala**\n**to mention but a few, with daily break-ins into shelters recorded**\n**and people stripped of their food and non-food items** .\n\n\nThere has also been a series of protests by IDPs over the reduction of\nfood assistance in several locations in Borno State. On 25 [th] of January\n2022, IDPs staged a peaceful protest in front of the office of the\nDistrict Head of Dikwa LGA to register their displeasure with the\nreduction of beneficiaries from the general food distribution. In\nMonguno, IDPs stopped humanitarian activities in Waterboard\nextension camp on 15 [th] of February 2022, insisting they would not\nallow humanitarian partners to work in the camp until they are\nprovided with food. All pleas by the State Emergency Management\nAgency (SEMA) and other stakeholders were ignored. The IDPs\nfurther went ahead to lock the offices of humanitarian actors in the\nvicinity. There was yet another protest in Dikwa on 25 [th] of February\n2022, where IDPs who had arrived from hard-to-reach areas had not\nbenefitted from food assistance in three months. **These protests by**\n**the affected population are a sign of desperation in the face of the**\n**protection risks they face but also threaten the safety and security**\n**of humanitarian workers and the delivery of ongoing humanitarian**\n**services.**\n\n##### Curtailment of freedom of movement\n\nThe limited freedom of movement has led to desperation within the\nIDP communities in the camps and the undermining of existing\ngender roles, especially with men who are supposed to be\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "breadwinners losing their status within the society. Protection\nassessments by partners highlighted that men are frustrated that\nthey cannot perform their traditional gender roles as fathers or\nhusbands due to their inability to easily travel outside of the camps.\n**The populations living in areas potentially contaminated with**\n**explosive ordnances are unable to move freely to engage in any**\n**meaningful livelihood** and given that most of the affected population\nare farmers who are now required to depend on support from\nhumanitarian organizations, life in the IDP camps **remains difficult** .\nIn locations where leaving the camp required gate pass, **women and**\n**girls have reported sexual harassment by security guards and**\n**Civilian Joint Taskforce (CJTF) members guarding the gate** .\n\n#### 5. EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS THE PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\n**The closure of camps has obliged some of the IDPs to move into**\n**urban areas and strived to cater to their needs without**\n**humanitarian support.** Assessments conducted by protection\npartners revealed that some families combined resources to enable\nthem to rent accommodation in MMC LGA because they did not want\nto relocate to their villages. Many of those who were relocated opted\nto move in the houses of relatives.\n\nThe reduction in food assistance saw many families engaging in petty\ntrading to enable them to meet their basic needs, though families\nalso had to sell their belongings to meet their food needs in some\nlocations. **A large number of IDPs, including women and children in**\n**camps across the LGAs moved to cities like Gombe and Kano in**\n\n\n\n**other parts of Nigeria and to neighbouring countries like Niger and**\n**Cameroun in search of jobs. IDPs have attributed their search for**\n**jobs to the fact that food supply was inadequate or non-existent**,\nand the need to earn money to meet the needs of their families. IDPs\nare made to work as bricklayers, builders, or farm workers for low\nwages in places far away from their camps, presenting new\nprotection risks to them in areas without their existing support\nnetworks.\n\n**The limited freedom of movement in camps led many IDPs to move**\n**in groups to ensure that when having the opportunity to be out of**\n**the camp to seek casual labour, they work together to be able to**\n**get more income** . In contaminated areas, in which movements are\ndangerous and limited, community leaders sought support from the\nGFs to provide escort for firewood collection.\n\n#### 6. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\n##### General recommendations\n\n - The **Government of Nigeria (GoN)** to abide by International\nHumanitarian Law (IHL), International Human Rights Law (IHRL)\nand frameworks, in particular complying to act in line with the\n_Kampala Convention_, the _IASC Framework on Durable Solutions_\n_for Internally Displaced Persons_ (2010), _Guiding Principles on_\n_Internal Displacement_ (2004) and the _UN Durable Solutions_\n_Preliminary Operational Guide_ (2016), as well as the GoN\u2019s\nnewly endorsed _IDP Policy_ heeding the aforementioned\ndocuments.\n\n - The **International Community** to exert pressure on all parties to\nthe conflict to cease violations of IHL and IHRL.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### RISK 1: Camp closures and enforced relocations/returns\n\n - The **Protection Sector** to advocate with the BSG/GoN on the\nprinciples and standards of voluntariness, safety, dignity, and\nsustainability to avoid premature camp closures, enforced\nrelocation, return or secondary displacement.\n\n - The **BSG/GoN** to immediately stop relocations and returns that\nare involuntary, unsafe, undignified, and unsustainable.\n\n - The **GoN and humanitarian actors** not to reduce services in an\narea of displacement where there remains population needs, as\na potential push factor, while ensuring that aid is not politicized\nor used to incentivize premature returns.\n\n - The **Protection Sector** **and its partners**, along with **Camp**\n**Coordination** and **Camp Management (CCCM) Sector**, to ensure\npre- and post-relocation/return monitoring to understand the\nimpact of the relocation/return on the affected population,\nidentify protection risks to prevent and mitigate any rights\nviolations ensuing from the relocation/return, and advocate for\nthe GoN\u2019s and other sectors\u2019 required interventions.\n\n - The **GoN**, **humanitarian, development, peace and stabilization**\n**actors** to coordinate more closely with each other to identify\nlocations that can be suggested to the displaced population to\nachieve durable solutions, understand the affected populations\u2019\nintentions and plan accordingly.\n\n - **Humanitarian partners** to distribute life-saving assistance to\nreturnees to assist with the initial phase of survival following\nreturn.\n\n - The **donor community** to provide political and diplomatic\nadvocacy support to ensure the compliance of the BSG/GoN\nwith international standards and best practices on relocations\nand returns, while also strategically aligning donor support to\n\n\n\nstabilization actors to plan for and provide affected populations\nwith safe, alternative relocation options.\n\n##### RISK 2: Denial or impediments to resources, opportunities, services resulting in high levels of food insecurity\n\n - The **donor community** to increase financial support to\naccelerate the implementation of the Humanitarian Response\nPlan (HRP), particularly during the lean season, by provision of\nfunds for multi-sectoral lifesaving, preventive and resilience\nactivities for people in need. This needs to entail food support\nto the wider population beyond those in emergency or acute\nfood insecurity situations, to prevent the exacerbation of\nvulnerabilities and negative coping mechanisms.\n\n - **Humanitarian partners** to provide reliable and timely\ninformation to IDPs and other recipients of food assistance in\nadvance of planned food reductions to allow them to plan their\nexpenses and to reduce the risk of resorting to negative coping\nstrategies. Using multiple mechanisms, especially through\ncommunity leaders and other community-based structures, is\nvital.\n\n - **Development and stabilization actors** to coordinate more\nclosely with the humanitarian community to ensure links\nbetween short-term and medium-term interventions that can\nhave a preventive and mitigating effect on food insecurity and\nits related protection concerns.\n\n - **Humanitarian partners** to ensure that data on the impact of\nfood reductions and restrictions is sufficiently disaggregated in\nterms of age, gender, and diversity given that ensuing\nprotection risks manifest themselves differently among the\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "population. An intersectional and specifically gender-sensitive\nanalysis is required to inform the design of the response and to\nidentify possibilities to empower women, including through\nwell-designed income-generating activities, where feasible.\n\n##### RISK 3: Curtailment of freedom of movement\n\n - The **GoN** to ensure all Nigerians, regardless of their status as\ndisplaced or non-displaced individuals, enjoy full freedom of\nmovement.\n\n - **OCHA/CMCoord** to advocate the BSG and GFs for improved\nfreedom of movement for the residents of IDP camps, including\nmore flexible curfews to allow the IDPs to conduct livelihood\nand other activities outside the camps. Restriction of movement\nshould be time-bound and gradually lifted, as the security\nsituation improves.\n\n\n\n\n- **The GFs**, with the support of **SEMA and the CCCM actors,** to\nsensitize community members on movement restrictions in\norder to help them understand the rationale for the restricted\nmovement, movement times in and out of camps, and locations\nwhere movement is restricted.\n\n- The **GoN**, with the support of **humanitarian actors**, to enhance\nExplosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) for increased\nunderstanding and safe behaviour of IDPs, returnees and host\ncommunities, including for safe relocation and resettlement.\n\n- The **GoN**, with the support of **humanitarian actors**, to increase\nefforts to map contamination with explosive ordnance to\nidentify safe areas for IDP, returnees and host community\nmovements, and contaminated areas to be avoided.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5aa4d8b-e9dd-37e8-bfb6-9c95ec8a55ca/27.04.2022-Protection-Analysis-Update-April-2022-FV-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_710/raw/doc_710_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_710/raw/doc_710_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 15a1f3ead0cdc60cc312e2370d3631c3b760b5ad..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_710/raw/doc_710_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1830 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n# **CONTENTS**\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9695888161659241, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9418113231658936, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7648171186447144, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9767627120018005, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.893689751625061, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8913565278053284, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n#### **Executive Summary**\n\n\nThe Community Perception Survey Analysis was conducted to gain the community\u2019s perspectives on how\neffectively the humanitarian community is addressing three critical protection risk areas: **Exclusion and Denial**\n**of Access to Assistance**, **Risks Associated with Displacement**, and **Attacks on Civilians and Civilian Objects** . By\nexploring community perceptions, the survey aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of current humanitarian\nresponses and identify gaps in protection efforts. Conducted between June and August 2024, the survey\ncaptured insights from 17 regions, including key areas such as Lower Juba, Banadir, and Bay, to assess how well\nhumanitarian interventions are meeting the needs of the most vulnerable populations.\n\n\nThe findings indicate varied perceptions of the effectiveness of aid delivery, with marginalized groups such as\nwomen, elderly persons, persons with disabilities, and minority clans frequently highlighting concerns around\nexclusion and inequitable access to services. The analysis also reveals significant protection risks linked to forced\ndisplacement and the adverse impact of armed conflict on civilians and their communities. These insights are\nenriched by focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs), providing a deeper\nunderstanding of local dynamics and the barriers that hinder effective humanitarian support.\n\n\nThis report seeks to inform humanitarian actors and policymakers about community perceptions regarding the\neffectiveness of ongoing humanitarian efforts. By focusing on how well the humanitarian community is\naddressing these key risk areas, the analysis complements the **Centrality of Protection Monitoring Update,**\npublished by OCHA on 15 June 2025, offering actionable recommendations for enhancing inclusivity,\nstrengthening protection mechanisms, and ensuring that humanitarian interventions adequately reach those who\nare most at risk.\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8146790862083435, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.959130048751831, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lower Juba", - "confidence": 0.9286513328552246, - "start": 123, - "end": 125 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9572596549987793, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9123181104660034, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9777361154556274, - "start": 216, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6605467200279236, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9740853905677795, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.8091535568237305, - "start": 223, - "end": 226 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6881318688392639, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Survey Methodology**\n\nThe Community Perception Survey was conducted\nacross prioritized districts to inform these efforts,\nsampling a representative percentage of the\npopulation. A mixed-method approach was\nemployed using a combination of comprehensive\nsurveys, focus group discussions, and key informant\ninterviews to gather insights into the community\u2019s\nperception of humanitarian efforts to reduce the\nidentified protection risks contained in the Somalia\nHumanitarian Country Team (HCT) Centrality of\nProtection Strategy. The Somalia HCT prioritized\nthree multi-faceted protection risks that can only be\neffectively reduced through the collective\ncontributions of multiple humanitarian and nonhumanitarian actors. These are **1) the risk of**\n**exclusion and denial of access to assistance; 2) risks**\n**associated with forced displacement and 3) the risk**\n**of indiscriminate attacks on civilian and civilian**\n**objects.** The three risks also formed part of the\nHumanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP)\n2024 Objectives and the HCT and Inter-Cluster\n\n###### Sampling Methodology\n\n\nTargeted Population: The survey targeted\ncommunities in ten prioritized districts in Somalia,\nensuring representation from diverse regions for a\nwide range of experiences and perceptions.\n\n\nSample Size Determination:\n\n- Confidence Level: 95%\n\n- Margin of Error: 5%\n\n- Assumed Population Proportion: 50%\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nCoordination Group (ICCG) 2024-2025 Centrality\nof Protection Action Plan.\n\n\nBy engaging directly with affected communities, the\nsurvey sought to gather communities\u2019 perceptions\nof humanitarian interventions, programmes and\nstrategies and whether they were informed by the\nneeds and priorities of those intended to be\nsupported.\n\n\nOverall, this comprehensive approach, using the\nAge, Gender, and Diversity lens, aimed at enhancing\ncollective risk reduction efforts by partners while\noffering deeper insights into the community\u2019s\nperspectives on mitigating protection risks. The\nprogress made in reducing threats and community\nvulnerabilities while tracking advancements in\nstrengthening community capacities will help assess\nthe results achieved and identify any adjustments\nfor the effective implementation of targeted risk\nreduction interventions.\n\n\nSampling Technique: A stratified random sampling\nmethod was employed to ensure that different\nsegments of the population (e.g. different age\ngroups, genders, ethnicities) are adequately\nrepresented. Each district was divided into strata\nbased on demographics and geographic\ncharacteristics.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|District|Total
Population|Sample Size|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|


|


|


|


|**Girls**
**15-17**
**(27%)**|**Boys**
**15-17**
**(27%)**|**Women**
**18-59**
**(19%)**|**Men**
**18-59**
**(21%)**|**Elderly**
**60+**
**(6%)**|**Total**|
|\n|


|


|Afmadow|78,180|103|103|73|80|23|383|
|\n|

|

|Baardheere|83,160|103|103|73|80|23|383|
|\n|

|

|Banadir|1,475,981|104|104|73|81|23|385|
|\n|

|

|Baydhaba|425,467|104|104|73|81|23|384|
|\n|


|


|Beletweyne|67,250|103|103|73|80|23|382|
|\n|

|

|Gallkacyo|83,304|103|103|73|80|23|383|
|\n|

|

|Garoowe|109,141|103|103|73|80|23|383|
|\n|

|

|Jamaame|2,148|54|54|38|42|12|200|
|\n|

|

|Kismaayo|145,225|104|104|73|81|23|384|
|\n|
|
|Luuq|55,768|103|103|73|80|23|382|
|\n||**Total**|10 Districts|2,525,624|1,020|1,020|717|793|227|**3,776**||\n||||||||||||\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Community Perception Survey", - "confidence": 0.9987881779670715, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8244879245758057, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "prioritized districts", - "confidence": 0.8627710938453674, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.962074339389801, - "start": 249, - "end": 252 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9598866701126099, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Coordination Group", - "confidence": 0.5095714926719666, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.820737361907959, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9909629225730896, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024-2025", - "confidence": 0.9829720854759216, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected communities", - "confidence": 0.8801981806755066, - "start": 270, - "end": 272 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age, Gender, and Diversity lens", - "confidence": 0.5389376282691956, - "start": 313, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total", - "confidence": 0.5233038663864136, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Banadir", - "confidence": 0.5109800100326538, - "start": 774, - "end": 775 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n###### Data Collection Methods\n\n\na. Comprehensive Survey\n\n\n**Tool** : Structured questionnaire.\n\n\n**Format** : Face-to-face interviews with the use of Kobo.\n\n\n**Content** : The questionnaire covered areas such as access to humanitarian aid, experiences of\ndisplacement, security concerns, and coping mechanisms.\n\n\n**Administration** : Trained enumerators conducted the surveys to ensure consistency and reliability of\nthe data collected.\n\n\nb. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)\n\n\n**Participants** : Community members representing different demographics (e.g. men, women, youth,\nelders, various minority groups).\n\n\n**Facilitation** : Experienced facilitators led discussions using a semi-structured guide.\n\n\n**Content** : FGDs explored in-depth issues such as community perceptions of exclusion, impacts of\ndisplacement, and protection concerns. This qualitative data complements the survey findings.\n\n\nc. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)\n\n\n**Participants** : Local leaders, government officials, and other key stakeholders.\n\n\n**Format** : One-on-one interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire.\n\n\n**Content** : KIIs provided expert insights and contextual understanding of the protection risks and\ncommunity dynamics.\n\n#### **Survey Demographics and Regional Representation**\n\n\n\nThrough an Age, Gender, and Diversity (AGD) lens,\nthis survey reveals compelling insights into the\ncomplex demographic and social fabric of Somali\ncommunities, uncovering critical patterns that must\nshape inclusive and targeted humanitarian\nresponses. The collected data offers valuable\ninsights into respondents\u2019 demographic, household,\nand regional composition, revealing important\ntrends for humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nMost respondents were adults aged 18 to 59\n(66.52%), with children aged 15 to 17 comprising\n25.31% and older persons aged 60+ making up\n8.18%. Women were disproportionately\nrepresented, making up 64.7% of participants, while\nmen accounted for 35.18%, with 0.11% preferring\nnot to disclose their gender.\n\n\nHousehold compositions showed that 57.31% of\nrespondents were married, while single-headed\nhouseholds comprised 28.84%, followed by\n\n\n\nwidowed (8.12%) and divorced/separated\nindividuals (5.56%).\n\n\nClan affiliations reflected significant diversity, with\n34.15% of respondents from the Rahanweyn clan,\n20.58% from the Bantu community, 14.63% from\nthe Hawiye clan, and 30.64% representing twelve\nother clans.\n\n\nAdditionally, the survey conducted thirteen key\ninformant interviews (KIIs) in Baidoa and Jowhar,\ninterviewing government officials, community\nleaders, landowners, and other key individuals in the\ncommunities. Among those interviewed for the KIIs,\n76.92% were male and 23.08% were female.\n\n\nOverall, the survey covered 17 regions across\nSomalia, with Lower Juba (27.95%), Banadir\n(18.41%), and Bay (15.74%) having the highest\nrepresentation. Other regions like Lower Shabelle\n(13.24%), Middle Shabelle (10.43%), and Hiraan\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9976682066917419, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9040595889091492, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8564875721931458, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8780173659324646, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.9624844193458557, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9295923709869385, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Community members", - "confidence": 0.8114300966262817, - "start": 104, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.7833275198936462, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.950204610824585, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.8545473217964172, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.521578848361969, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5265133380889893, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somali\ncommunities", - "confidence": 0.6710005402565002, - "start": 273, - "end": 275 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7314470410346985, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7114614248275757, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "key\ninformant interviews", - "confidence": 0.6274724006652832, - "start": 481, - "end": 484 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7367338538169861, - "start": 598, - "end": 599 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "government officials", - "confidence": 0.6864219903945923, - "start": 493, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(8.20%) also featured prominently, while Mudug\n(2.92%), Nugaal (1.95%), and nine other regions\neach made up less than one percent of the total\nrespondents.\n\n\nThese findings suggest that humanitarian efforts\nshould prioritize assistance to women, single\n#### **Scaling Methodology**\n\n\nTo assess community perceptions of humanitarian\neffectiveness to describe their measurement of\nlevels of success or impact, the survey utilized a\nfour-point scale: Not Effective, Somewhat Effective,\nEffective, and Very Effective. Each category was\ndefined by a specific range of percentages and\nqualitative interpretations:\n\n\n1. Not Effective (0-19%): This rating indicates that\n\ninterventions had little to no impact on the\ndesired outcomes. There was either no\nobservable change, or the results/feedback\nwere negative. In the context of data analysis,\nthis classification suggests that interventions\nfailed to produce the intended results or had a\nnegligible effect on the community, warranting\na critical review of the strategies employed.\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nheaded households, and regions such as Lower Juba\nand Banadir, while addressing the needs of smaller\nbut still vulnerable groups, such as older persons and\nless represented regions. Additionally, clan diversity\nhighlights the importance of ensuring inclusivity and\nequity in delivering aid.\n\n\n2. Somewhat Effective (20-49%): This category\n\nrepresents a moderate impact where\ninterventions showed some positive effect but\ndid not fully achieve the desired impact.\nAlthough there were some improvements, the\nresults were limited or inconsistent. For data\ninterpretation, this rating implies that while\nthere was some progress, the interventions\nwere not strong enough to be considered fully\nsuccessful and might require adjustments or\nenhancements to meet the objectives.\n\n\n3. Effective (50-79%): A rating in this range\n\nindicates that the intervention significantly\nachieved the desired outcome. The majority of\ngoals were met, and the impact was clear and\nmeasurable. In terms of data analysis, a score of\n\u201cEffective\u201d reflects strong positive feedback,\nshowing that the intervention is working as\nintended, with most indicators met and\nconsistent results across the community.\n\n\n4. Very Effective (80-100%): This highest rating\n\nmeans that the intervention exceeded\nexpectations in achieving its goals, with almost\nall objectives met or surpassed. From a data\nanalysis perspective, this classification\ndemonstrates a high level of impact, indicating\nthat the strategy is not only successful but could\nserve as a model for best practices in similar\ncontexts.\n\n\nBy applying these definitions, the survey quantified\ncommunity perceptions and translated qualitative\nfeedback into measurable outcomes, allowing for a\nmore nuanced understanding of the effectiveness\nof humanitarian efforts.\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9386237263679504, - "start": 192, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7801968455314636, - "start": 85, - "end": 86 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6977911591529846, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6477387547492981, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "headed households", - "confidence": 0.7949880957603455, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9957659244537354, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "quantified\ncommunity perceptions", - "confidence": 0.748839259147644, - "start": 473, - "end": 476 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7834542989730835, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.769515872001648, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9750794768333435, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9826521873474121, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n### **Community Perceptions Survey Findings**\n\n#### **Risk 1: Exclusion and Denial of Access to Assistance**\n\n###### Analysis of Vulnerable Groups\n\n\n\nThe survey findings provide a window into\ncommunity perspectives on who they perceive as\nthe most vulnerable and the barriers these groups\nface in accessing critical aid, shedding light on local\nperceptions of risk, inclusion, and support gaps.\n\n\nAccording to communities, **the elderly emerged as**\n**the most frequently identified vulnerable group**,\nwith 55.26% of respondents recognizing their\nheightened needs. This aligns with findings from the\nfocus group discussions (FGDs) that indicate elderly\nindividuals often face significant physical and\nmobility barriers, making access to aid distribution\npoints or community services challenging. **Persons**\n**with disabilities** were the second most commonly\nidentified vulnerable group (46.4%), which also\nechoes insights from FGDs about their struggles\nwith mobility and lack of accessible distribution\nservices. The data suggests that accessibility issues\nfor both groups are further compounded by\ncommunication gaps, limited outreach, and logistical\nchallenges, leaving them doubly disadvantaged in\nnavigating the humanitarian assistance process.\n\n\n**Newly displaced individuals**, identified by 46.80%\nof respondents, also stand out as a high-risk group,\na finding that mirrors FGDs where newly displaced\npersons were noted to face immediate integration\nchallenges, language barriers, and heightened risks\nof exclusion due to a lack of familiarity with existing\naid services. Similarly, **persons from minority clans**\n(35.01%) face unique vulnerabilities tied to both\nsocial exclusion and language difficulties,\ncontributing to their marginalization. The\nidentification of **women-at-risk** (29.06%),\nparticularly pregnant women (74.93%), singlefemale-headed households (66.79%), and lactating\nwomen (64.50%), highlights specific protection\nconcerns linked to **social stigma, lack of targeted**\n**support, and inadequate childcare** facilities that\nwere reiterated in the FGDs.\n\n\n\nMoreover, the survey findings indicate that a\nsignificant proportion of the population perceives\nthese vulnerable groups as at high risk of exclusion\nfrom assistance. For instance, 51.70% of\nrespondents felt that the elderly are the most likely\nto be excluded from aid, followed closely by persons\nwith disabilities (40.99%) and newly displaced\nindividuals (40.52%). These perceptions are\nconsistent with qualitative data from FGDs, which\npointed out that the elderly and persons with\ndisabilities often face logistical and mobility\nconstraints, while newly displaced persons struggle\nwith both administrative and informational barriers\nthat can isolate them from aid systems. Persons\nfrom minority clans (34.9%) and child-headed\nhouseholds (26.25%) also emerged as at-risk groups\nfor exclusion, which can be attributed to both their\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9940090179443359, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.925475001335144, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.901174783706665, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8759249448776245, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.9812011122703552, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9874380230903625, - "start": 131, - "end": 132 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "elderly\nindividuals", - "confidence": 0.829862117767334, - "start": 135, - "end": 137 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.6558504700660706, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8091543912887573, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9422718286514282, - "start": 408, - "end": 409 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative data from FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9514522552490234, - "start": 482, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6850563883781433, - "start": 558, - "end": 559 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7985957860946655, - "start": 561, - "end": 562 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "marginalized status and the lack of inclusive\ncommunication and outreach by aid organizations.\n\n\nThis convergence of findings from both quantitative\nand qualitative data underscores that, while a wide\nrange of vulnerabilities exist, the elderly, persons\nwith disabilities, and newly displaced individuals are\nparticularly susceptible to both general risks and\nexclusion from humanitarian support. Addressing\nthese dual vulnerabilities requires targeted\ninterventions that go beyond merely providing aid \u2013\nefforts must focus on **improving communication,**\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\n**physical accessibility, and inclusive targeting to**\n**ensure that these groups are adequately reached**\n**and supported. With women-at-risk, particularly**\n**pregnant and lactating women, and single-female-**\n**headed households, the need for specialized**\n**support structures is essential to address their**\n**compounded risks of social exclusion and physical**\n**inaccessibility** . Similarly, specific attention is needed\nfor child-headed households and children\nassociated **with harmful practices,** who face both\nprotection risks and exclusion from educational and\npsychosocial support services.\n\n\n###### Barriers and Challenges to Accessing Assistance\n\n\n\nOn understanding communities\u2019 preference on\nprioritization, it was gathered that in general, there\nare several barriers and challenges in accessing aid,\ndespite recognizing the need for prioritization based\non risk and vulnerability to ensure an effective\nhumanitarian response. The community highlights\nthat **identifying the most vulnerable individuals**\n**should be central to determining the prioritization**\n**of humanitarian assistance** . They emphasized that\nresponses based on the level of risk faced by\nindividuals would be more effective in addressing\nneeds and achieving desired outcomes. In contrast,\nthey view prioritization solely based on a general\ncategorization of vulnerability as less impactful, with\nonly limited positive outcomes.\n\n\nHowever, **the communities perceive a critical gap in**\n**humanitarian assistance delivery**, with 46.7% of\nrespondents indicating that vulnerable groups have\nnot yet received adequate support. Only 26.7%\nnoted partial assistance, and 23.11% believed the\naid they received was adequate. The most\ncommonly received forms of assistance included\nsupport through the Camp Coordination and Camp\nManagement (CCCM) Cluster (46.70%), food\nassistance (40.35%), health support (32.13%), child\nprotection services (31.76%), and education\n(29.64%), with key informants also indicating the\navailability of shelter and non-food item (NFI)\nassistance. However, communities noted that this\naid was often facilitated by third parties, which\nincludes community elders, community leaders,\ncamp authorities, and gatekeepers, with 45.06% of\nrespondents citing third-party involvement as the\nprimary means of distribution. This reliance on\nintermediaries has contributed to significant\nchallenges in accessing aid, with 39.85% of\nrespondents stating they were not adequately\n\n\n\ninformed about the available assistance.\nAdditionally, 24.64% identified corruption, 16.35%\ncited discrimination, and 16.10% reported aid\ndiversion as a major barrier to receiving support.\n\n\nThe focus group discussions provided additional\ninsight into the issues raised in the survey by\nemphasizing the **frequent exclusion of minority**\n**communities in aid distribution processes.** Many\nparticipants expressed that aid distribution often\noverlooks minority groups due to a lack of\ncoordination with minority-led organizations, which\npossess a deeper understanding of local needs. They\nsuggested a more inclusive approach to planning\nand execution to ensure a fairer and more effective\ndistribution. This concern over exclusion was\nechoed in the survey findings, where 33.34% of\nrespondents acknowledged that humanitarian\norganizations were effective in reducing the risk of\nexclusion for minority groups, while 30.48%\nindicated they were only somewhat effective, and\n21.4% felt that exclusion mitigation efforts were not\neffective at all.\n\n\nThe FGDs also highlighted issues of **fairness versus**\n**effectiveness** **in** **aid** **delivery.** While some\nparticipants felt that the aid distribution was fair in\ntheory, they pointed out disparities in practice due\nto logistical issues and favoritism, resulting in certain\nregions or communities receiving disproportionate\namounts of assistance. This sentiment aligns with\nthe survey data showing that 39.85% of\nrespondents reported being inadequately informed\nabout available aid, suggesting that aid is not\nreaching those who need it most. Additionally, key\ninformants reinforced this view, with 53.85% rating\nthe current aid distribution process as only\n\u201csomewhat effective\u201d and 23.08% rating it as \u201cnot\neffective at all\u201d for marginalized groups.\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian assistance delivery", - "confidence": 0.7865329384803772, - "start": 358, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable groups", - "confidence": 0.8990247249603271, - "start": 373, - "end": 375 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9617947340011597, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8428764939308167, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6815643906593323, - "start": 693, - "end": 694 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5293785333633423, - "start": 684, - "end": 685 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6457034945487976, - "start": 693, - "end": 694 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.9937693476676941, - "start": 814, - "end": 816 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5524032711982727, - "start": 814, - "end": 815 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7765801548957825, - "start": 888, - "end": 889 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9458476901054382, - "start": 891, - "end": 892 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9157854914665222, - "start": 823, - "end": 824 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mismanagement and delays in aid delivery were\nanother major concern raised in the FGDs, which is\nconsistent with the 24.64% of survey respondents\nwho identified corruption and 16.10% who reported\naid diversion as a key barrier. Participants in the\nFGDs pointed out that delays in delivery and\ninefficiencies in aid management often lead to the\nwastage or diversion of resources, reducing the\nimpact of aid programs. Further compounding these\nchallenges, respondents in the community\nperception survey identified camp authorities,\ngatekeepers, and community leaders as the most\ncommon perpetrators of abuse, exploitation, and aid\ndiversion. While a smaller portion (7.47%) reported\nabuse from representatives of humanitarian\norganizations themselves, indicating a need for\nstronger oversight and accountability mechanisms.\n\n\nAid diversion, reported by 38.46% of respondents,\nrepresents another critical issue, where resources\nintended for vulnerable populations are\nmisappropriated or redirected, often due to power\nimbalances or manipulation by local actors. This\ndiversion reduces the overall availability of aid for\nthose in need, limiting the impact of humanitarian\ninterventions and leaving some groups without\nessential support.\n\n\nWhile alarming corruption, aid diversion, and fraud\nreports were documented, only 31.12% of\nrespondents reported knowing about the availability\nof reporting mechanisms. Of those aware, 31.01%\nof respondents perceived these reporting\nmechanisms for cases of exclusion, aid diversion,\ncorruption, and fraud to be only somewhat\neffective, with 26.81% stating they are ineffective\nand a significant 21.66% uncertain of their\neffectiveness. Similarly, 31.95% rated reporting\nmechanisms for harassment, intimidation, abuse,\nand exploitation as only somewhat effective to not\neffective (with 24.75% noting little or no impact),\nhighlighting a concerning trend in limited\nconfidence across different types of accountability\nmeasures. In addition, efforts to train third parties\nand gatekeepers on Protection and Diversity,\nEquity, and Inclusion (DEI) yielded similarly mixed\nperceptions, with 30.37% of respondents finding\nthese initiatives to be somewhat effective and\n28.07% perceiving them as having little or no impact\non the desired outcomes. This suggests an urgent\nneed to review and enhance these mechanisms to\nensure that they serve their intended purpose\neffectively.\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nThe FGDs also emphasized the need for more\ntailored aid packages to address the specific needs\nof vulnerable groups such as the elderly, persons\nwith disabilities, and minority communities. This\naligns with the key informants\u2019 recommendations\nfor comprehensive vulnerability assessments to\naccurately identify and target marginalized groups,\nensuring that aid reaches those most in need. Such\ntailored approaches would address the barriers to\naccess identified in the survey, where 46.15% of key\ninformants noted that physical inaccessibility and\nlimited mobility hindered effective aid delivery.\n\n\nAnother major barrier identified in both the FGDs\nand surveys was information gaps. The FGDs\nrevealed that participants felt excluded from aid\nplanning and decision-making due to poor\ncommunication from aid providers. This aligns with\nthe 38.48% of survey respondents who cited\ninformation gaps as a critical challenge. In the FGDs,\nparticipants called for greater transparency and\ninvolvement in the aid planning process to ensure\nthat aid reaches the most vulnerable. They also\nsuggested enhancing communication strategies to\naddress language barriers and low literacy rates,\nwhich prevent minority and marginalized groups\nfrom aid understanding and engaging with aid\nproviders. This would address the issue raised by\n39.85% of survey respondents who felt\ninadequately informed about available assistance.\n\n\nDiscrimination and exclusion were also highlighted\nas major challenges across all data sources. FGDs\nparticipants cited favoritism and social biases within\naid distribution systems, leading to the deliberate or\nunintentional exclusion of certain groups,\nparticularly ethnic minorities and those lacking local\ncommunity support. This aligns with the survey\nfinding that 16.35% of respondents cited\ndiscrimination as a barrier to accessing aid. The key\ninformants further emphasized that corruption and\nclan-based favoritism disrupt equitable access, with\n30.77% highlighting corruption as a significant\nbarrier.\n\n\nWhen key informants were asked if current efforts\nby humanitarian partners were effective in\naddressing exclusion and denial of assistance from\nmarginalized or underrepresented groups, 38.46%\nof the informants suggested that efforts were very\neffective, while 30.77% suggested they were only\nsomewhat effective and 30.77% said they were not\neffective at all. When further asked how fair and\neffective the current aid distribution process for\nmarginalized groups was, 53.85% said that it was\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.6540724039077759, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9857995510101318, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community\nperception survey", - "confidence": 0.6746633052825928, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7206174731254578, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9771887063980103, - "start": 419, - "end": 422 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.7341402173042297, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8298307657241821, - "start": 425, - "end": 426 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.974639356136322, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6575108766555786, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8110448718070984, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9454605579376221, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9361404776573181, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7234050035476685, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5085263252258301, - "start": 641, - "end": 642 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "somewhat effective and 23.08% say it was not\neffective at all. Only 23.08% said such efforts were\nvery effective indicating a need to further\nstrengthen access and inclusion for marginalized\ngroups in aid distribution.\n\n\nGiven these challenges, participants suggested\nincreasing funding and strengthening local\npartnerships to improve both the fairness and\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\neffectiveness of aid distribution. They called for\nmore inclusive aid programs that incorporate local\nvoices and a greater focus on transparency to\nprevent the diversion and mismanagement of\nresources. This was reinforced by survey data\nshowing that only 22.86% of respondents felt that\ntraining on protection, inclusivity, and equality was\n\u201cvery effective,\u201d pointing to a need for enhanced\ncapacity-building initiatives.\n\n\n###### Community Engagement and Participation\n\n\n\nReports from the Community Engagement and\nAccountability (CEA) Taskforce indicate that while\ncommunities show a clear preference for in-person\nreporting and engagement, there are varied\nperceptions regarding the effectiveness of\nhumanitarian organizations\u2019 engagement with\ncommunities. Although 31.18% of respondents\nbelieve such engagement is somewhat effective,\nonly 26.42% rate it as very effective, indicating that\ncurrent efforts are falling short of delivering\nsubstantial impact. More concerning is the 21.80%\nof respondents who perceive these engagement\nefforts as not effective at all, suggesting significant\nroom for improvement.\n\n\nWhen it comes to disseminating key messages on\nissues such as abuse and exploitation, the response\nis similarly divided. While 33.56% of community\nmembers view these messages as somewhat\neffective, only 21.20% consider them effective, and\n23.71% find them ineffective. While messages\nrelated to inclusion, fraud, aid diversion and\ncorruption were viewed at 33.99% \u201csomewhat\neffective\u201d to not effective at 22.51%, expressing a\nmoderate to little impact. This indicates that despite\nattempts to raise awareness, these messages are not\nachieving their intended outcomes and may require\na re-evaluation of communication strategies.\n\n\nCommunity involvement in program design appears\nto be a critical challenge. A substantial 35.65% of\nrespondents reported that the community is only\nsometimes engaged in the design or distribution of\nprograms, and just 27.67% feel they are always\ninvolved. Meanwhile, 13.01% say they are rarely\nconsulted, and another 7.51% say they are never\nconsulted at all. This lack of consistent engagement\nsuggests that many interventions may not be fully\naligned with community needs or priorities,\npotentially diminishing their effectiveness.\n\n\n\nThe community further emphasized that when they\nare adequately engaged and informed about\nbeneficiary entitlements, the outcomes are seen as\nmoderately positive, with 33.87% describing this\napproach as somewhat effective and 24.72% as\nvery effective. However, a notable 22.20% believe\nit is not effective, and 19.21% are unsure. This\nsuggests that clear and consistent communication\nabout entitlements could enhance the perceived\nsuccess of such initiatives.\n\n\nSimilarly, when asked about their participation in the\nbeneficiary selection process, 32.95% indicated it is\nsomewhat effective in ensuring that those most in\nneed are prioritized, while 27.05% feel it is very\neffective. Nevertheless, a significant 21% perceive\nthe selection process as ineffective, pointing to a\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "fairness and\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024", - "confidence": 0.542106032371521, - "start": 58, - "end": 65 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "effectiveness of aid distribution", - "confidence": 0.5315823554992676, - "start": 65, - "end": 69 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.6838889718055725, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7817947864532471, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9336989521980286, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.7836999297142029, - "start": 100, - "end": 102 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.823609471321106, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "potential misalignment between selection criteria\nand actual needs on the ground.\n\n\nAs a result, only 25.51% of respondents reported\nthat aid is always distributed fairly, with an\nadditional 12.79% indicating it is often distributed\nfairly. However, a significant proportion \u2013 36.15% \u2013\nstated that aid is only sometimes distributed fairly,\n13.01% said it is rarely fair, and 6.87% reported that\naid is never distributed fairly. These perceptions are\nlikely influenced by a lack of transparency and\nconsistent engagement, underscoring the\nimportance of strengthening accountability\nmechanisms within aid distribution processes.\n\n\nFurther complicating the situation is the issue of\nunmet expectations concerning aid delivery. Only\n31.79% of respondents stated they always receive\ntheir aid packages or resources as expected, with\n13.15% saying they receive it often. Meanwhile,\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\n28.87% said they receive aid as expected only\nsometimes, while 14.57% rarely receive it as\nanticipated, and 6.59% stated they never receive\nthe expected assistance. These findings highlight a\ncritical gap between what is promised and what is\ndelivered, potentially undermining community trust\nand satisfaction with humanitarian programs.\n\n\nOverall, this feedback emphasizes the need for\nimproved and more consistent community\nengagement throughout the project cycle \u2013 ranging\nfrom program design to beneficiary selection and\ncommunication on key issues such as abuse and\nexploitation. By enhancing collaboration and\ntransparency, humanitarian organizations can\nincrease the perceived fairness and effectiveness of\ntheir interventions, ensuring that aid reaches those\nmost in need and is delivered in a timely and reliable\nmanner.\n\n\n###### Community Recommendations on Risk Reduction 1\n\n1. **Timely dissemination of information on organizational procedures:** Ensure that communities are\n\npromptly informed about procedures for accessing assistance and services.\n2. **Clear beneficiary selection criteria:** Develop transparent selection criteria, registration processes,\n\nand maintain open communication with the community to build trust.\n3. **Rapid delivery of aid:** Implement efficient distribution mechanisms to ensure that assistance reaches\n\nthose in need swiftly.\n4. **Community involvement in beneficiary selection:** Foster community participation in selecting\n\nbeneficiaries to enhance transparency and inclusivity.\n5. **Equitable distribution of resources:** Ensure aid distribution is conducted fairly and without\n\ndiscrimination, respecting the dignity of all recipients.\n6. **Strengthen direct engagement:** Facilitate regular interactions between partners and the community\n\nto build mutual understanding and trust.\n7. **Meeting basic needs:** Design assistance programs that prioritize addressing basic needs such as\n\nfood, shelter, and security.\n8. **Enhancing access to reporting mechanisms:** Expand channels for reporting issues like corruption,\n\nexclusion, and aid diversion, ensuring they are accessible and responsive.\n9. **Promoting collaboration:** Enhance cooperation between communities and humanitarian\n\norganizations to effectively address vulnerabilities.\n10. **Strengthening anti-corruption oversight:** Improve monitoring of third-party facilitators to mitigate\n\nrisks of corruption and ensure accountability.\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9186697602272034, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.7041689157485962, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8941472768783569, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7191141843795776, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8876060843467712, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n#### **Risk 2: Risks Associate with Forced Displacement**\n\n###### Coping Mechanisms and Protection Strategies\n\n\n\nOverall findings indicate that addressing risks\nassociated with forced displacement involves\nnavigating a complex interplay of resilience,\nsolidarity, and desperation that shapes the daily\nlives of displaced and marginalized communities.\nHowever, despite facing formidable challenges,\nthese populations have developed a range of\nstrategies to navigate their precarious situations,\ndrawing on both individual and collective efforts.\nThe coping mechanisms they employ \u2013 whether\npositive or negative \u2013 reveal their determination and\nthe stark gaps in existing available support systems.\n\n\n**For many displaced individuals, maintaining a sense**\n**of normalcy through work is central to their**\n**survival.** Engaging in daily labor, whether through\nformal employment or informal jobs such as\nconstruction work, firewood collection, or washing\nclothes, is more than just a source of income. It\nprovides a sense of stability and purpose amid the\nchaos of displacement. This sentiment echoes\nthrough the experiences of both survey\nrespondents and key informants, with 42.36% of\nrespondents in the community survey citing\nengaging in daily work as a primary way to cope. For\nthese communities, work is a lifeline that keeps\nthem grounded, offering a semblance of routine and\nnormality amidst instability.\n\n\nHowever, these coping strategies are frequently\n**strained by serious protection risks** that threaten\nthe fabric of the community and individual wellbeing. **Child** **marriage,** affecting 44.88% of\nrespondents, emerges as a prevalent risk, often seen\nas a survival strategy or a response to economic\nhardship. This practice not only jeopardizes the\nfuture of young girls but also perpetuates cycles of\npoverty and limited opportunities. Similarly, family\nseparation, reported by 36.37%, even if temporarily,\ndisrupts social structures and places additional\nstress on already vulnerable households, particularly\nwhen caregivers are missing or absent.\n\n\n**Gender-based violence (GBV)** is another alarming\nconcern, with 32.62% of respondents identifying it\nas a significant risk. Women and girls, already\ndisadvantaged by displacement, often face\nheightened risks of sexual and domestic violence,\nboth within and outside their communities. This\nissue is compounded by the lack of safe spaces,\n\n\n\ninadequate reporting mechanisms, and a scarcity of\nsupport services. Likewise, **abductions, kidnapping,**\n**and enforced disappearances,** which affect 24.94%\nof respondents, add a layer of fear and uncertainty,\nhindering mobility and access to resources. This\ntype of violence further erodes the social fabric and\nundermines any attempts at community cohesion.\n\n\nIn response to these risks **, the role of community**\n**becomes paramount.** Faced with similar struggles,\npeople come together, forming community\nstructures and committees that act as a buffer\nagainst isolation and helplessness. 38.92% of survey\nrespondents emphasized community support and\ncooperation as critical strategies for maintaining\nsocial cohesion. Volunteering is not just a way to\npass time \u2013 it is a means of actively shaping their\nenvironment. They track water supplies, organize\ncollective stress management activities, and provide\na helping hand to those in need. This spirit of\nvolunteerism strengthens social bonds and\npromotes a culture of cooperation, where shared\nproblems are solved collectively rather than in\nisolation.\n\n\n**Religion also emerges as a potent source of**\n**resilience.** With 54.59% of the surveyed community\nmembers highlighting religious counseling as an\neffective means of coping, it\u2019s clear that faith\nprovides not only solace but also a framework for\nunderstanding and overcoming adversity. For many,\nthe teachings of Islam offer a pathway to navigate\ntheir hardships, reinforcing their resolve and\nproviding moral guidance in times of uncertainty.\nThis spiritual support is a cornerstone for numerous\nfamilies, anchoring them when other support\nsystems are absent and helping them cope with\nstress through prayer and meditation.\n\n\n**Some groups have managed through vocational**\n**training and skill development** . For those who have\naccess to such opportunities, vocational training is a\npowerful tool, transforming their capabilities and\nenabling them to support themselves and their\nfamilies. While not highlighted in the community\nsurvey, key informants spoke about vocational\ntraining as a pathway to self-sufficiency and\nempowerment, especially when combined with\nmicrofinance initiatives that enable individuals to\nstart small businesses. This form of\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9940536618232727, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8975955247879028, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9634590744972229, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8149201273918152, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced and marginalized communities", - "confidence": 0.9337663650512695, - "start": 60, - "end": 64 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community survey", - "confidence": 0.9989925026893616, - "start": 218, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8380224704742432, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survey\nrespondents", - "confidence": 0.6138121485710144, - "start": 203, - "end": 205 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting mechanisms", - "confidence": 0.706167995929718, - "start": 442, - "end": 444 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "entrepreneurship is not just about earning money; it\nis about regaining a sense of agency and control\nover their lives.\n\n\n**Agriculture is another avenue of resilience,**\n**especially for those living in rural areas** . Community\ngardens and modern farming techniques ensure\nfood security and supplement incomes, reducing\ndependence on external assistance. While not\nuniversally adopted, these agricultural initiatives\nreflect the resourcefulness and adaptability of\nindividuals striving to create stability in an otherwise\nvolatile environment. Such efforts to cultivate selfsufficiency are often a testament to the resilience of\nthese communities, who continue to seek ways to\nthrive even when external support is limited.\n\n\nDespite these efforts, the significant protection\nrisks of child marriage, family separation, GBV, and\nabductions cast a long shadow over community\nresilience. Addressing these challenges requires not\nonly reinforcing local coping mechanisms but also\n###### Negative Coping Mechanisms\n\n\n**Economic hardship and a lack of formal support**\n**systems often push displaced and marginalized**\n**individuals toward harmful coping strategies.** For\nsome, begging is a painful but necessary recourse \u2013\na last resort that speaks to the depth of their\nvulnerability. Survey data reveals that 18.76% of\nrespondents identified begging as a means of\nsurvival, often in public markets and busy streets,\nunderscoring the absence of viable alternatives for\nthose who have exhausted all other options.\n\n\n**Tragically, children are often caught in the crossfire**\n**of** **these** **economic** **pressures.** 22.14% of\nrespondents admitted to their communities\nengaging in child labor, while 17.83% reported early\nmarriage as a strategy to manage household needs.\nParents struggling to make ends meet may send\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nproviding holistic and sustainable support systems\nthat prioritize safety and dignity for displacementaffected individuals.\n\n\ntheir children to work or marry them off to secure\ntheir futures or reduce the mouths they must feed.\nThese decisions, made under duress, expose young\npeople to long-term protection risks and limit their\nopportunities for a better future, reinforcing cycles\nof poverty and vulnerability.\n\n\nEven more troubling is the widespread practice of\nreducing meals. A significant 30.47% of households\nreported cutting down on the number of meals as a\ncoping mechanism, indicating widespread food\ninsecurity. This strategy, driven by necessity, poses\nserious health risks and compounds the vulnerability\nof already fragile households. The frequency of meal\nreduction highlights the inadequacy of current food\nassistance programs, which are often insufficient to\nmeet the needs of displaced populations.\n\n\n###### Are These Coping Strategies Sustainable?\n\n\n\nInsights from key informants suggest mixed views\non the sustainability of these coping strategies.\nWhile skills-based mechanisms like vocational\ntraining and technical skills acquisition are seen as\nmore sustainable, equipping individuals with the\ntools to earn an income and support their families,\nthe overall consensus is that many of the current\nstrategies \u2013 especially those driven by economic\nnecessity \u2013 are far from sustainable.\n\n\n\nCasual labor and begging, frequently employed to\nmeet immediate needs, were noted as unsustainable\ndue to their limited earning potential and lack of\nlong-term stability. Similarly, child labor and early\nmarriage, which are often viewed as temporary\nsolutions to economic pressure, pose serious longterm protection risks and have lasting negative\nimpacts on children\u2019s development and\nopportunities. One respondent emphasized that\nsurvival alone is not enough \u2013 humans need\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey data", - "confidence": 0.9819060564041138, - "start": 222, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.624505877494812, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.630264401435852, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9016584157943726, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9840510487556458, - "start": 336, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8761351704597473, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9958946704864502, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displacementaffected individuals", - "confidence": 0.9043709635734558, - "start": 353, - "end": 355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communication, connection, and opportunities for\nholistic well-being beyond basic survival skills. This\nunderscores that while some strategies might\ntemporarily alleviate immediate hardships, they fail\nto provide the foundation needed for lasting selfsufficiency and dignity.\n\n\n**Humanitarian agencies play a crucial role in**\n**mitigating some of these challenges by offering**\n**essential services, yet the support is limited and**\n**often does not address the long-term needs of the**\n**community** . The reality is that without sustained\ninvestment in skill-building and comprehensive\nsupport systems, the coping mechanisms currently\nin use risk perpetuating cycles of poverty and\ndependency, rather than breaking them.\n\n\nDespite the creativity and resilience displayed by\nthese communities, a striking pattern of uncertainty\nemerges when discussing coping strategies. Nearly\n15% of respondents expressed confusion or were\nsimply unaware of what coping mechanisms are\navailable to them, revealing a profound gap in\nknowledge and access to resources. This lack of\nawareness is mirrored in the key informants\u2019\nobservations that formal support mechanisms are\neither missing or poorly communicated, leaving\nindividuals to rely on whatever limited strategies\nthey can devise on their own.\n\n\nAlarmingly, when asked if there were any programs\nin place to address these negative coping\nmechanisms, an overwhelming 90.18% of survey\nrespondents said no. This glaring absence of support\nservices compounds the challenges faced by these\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\ncommunities, forcing them to navigate complex and\noften dangerous situations with little external help.\nThe result is a **community that, while resilient, is**\n**also at high risk of resorting to harmful strategies in**\n**the face of extreme economic and social pressures.**\n\n\nOverall, the coping mechanisms employed by\ndisplaced and marginalized populations are a\ntestament to their resilience and resourcefulness.\nFrom engaging in daily work and community\nsupport to drawing strength from religious faith and\nleveraging vocational skills, these communities have\nfound ways to maintain their dignity and hope in the\nface of adversity. However, the prevalence of\nnegative strategies such as begging, child labor,\nearly marriage, and meal reduction speaks to the\nsevere economic constraints they face and the\nurgent need for targeted interventions.\n\n\nWhat emerges from this analysis is not just a story\nof resilience but the identification of key actions.\nThere is a critical need for increased awareness,\neducation, and formal support systems that can\nempower these communities to shift away from\nnegative coping mechanisms and toward strategies\nthat promote long-term stability and well-being.\nAddressing these gaps will require coordinated\nefforts from humanitarian organizations,\ngovernments, and the communities themselves.\nOnly by filling these voids can we truly support\ndisplaced and marginalized populations in building a\nfuture defined by opportunity, safety, and hope\nrather than mere survival.\n\n\n###### Community Recommendations on Risk Reduction 2\n\n1. **Enhanced support for livelihood initiatives:** Promote livelihood programs to enhance self-reliance\n\nand reduce long-term dependence on humanitarian assistance.\n2. **Educational empowerment:** Implement educational programs on protection, hygiene, and self-care\n\nto strengthen community resilience and capacity.\n3. **Addressing urgent needs:** Increase food rations, improve shelter, and ensure access to clean water\n\nand adequate sanitation to alleviate immediate hardships.\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS", - "confidence": 0.7635981440544128, - "start": 258, - "end": 262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9528800249099731, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9950297474861145, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7090742588043213, - "start": 262, - "end": 263 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n#### **Risk 3: Indiscriminate Attacks on Civilians and** **Civilian Objects**\n\n###### Impact of Armed Conflict on Humanitarian Assistance\n\n\n\nIn the previous section examining communities\u2019\nperception on risks associated with forced\ndisplacement, the analysis highlighted how\ncommunities employed various coping mechanisms\nto endure the hardships and challenges brought on\nby conflict and displacement. Despite these efforts,\nfindings from both surveys and focus group\ndiscussions indicate that while the majority of\nrespondents reported relative stability, a portion\ncontinues to experience the severe impacts of\nviolence. The data underscores the profound toll on\ninfrastructure, safety, and well-being in conflictaffected areas, revealing destruction of homes,\ncritical services, and the absence of adequate\nsupport mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable.\n\n\nOf those interviewed, 81.28% reported not\nexperiencing armed conflict within the last six\nmonths, while 18.72% had encountered violent\nconfrontations. Most focus group participants\nechoed this sentiment, stating that their\ncommunities have not experienced any recent\nattacks on civilians or civilian objects, describing\ntheir areas as generally peaceful, secure, and stable.\n\n\nHowever, some isolated incidents of violence were\nnoted, including conflict between Al-Shabaab and\nthe Somali National Army (SNA) that led to\ndisplacement and economic hardship in one area.\nSuch cases are representative of the 22.04% of\nsurvey respondents who cited conflict between\nstate military groups and Al-Shabaab as a\ncontributing factor to the violence.\n\n\nAmong the communities affected by conflict, the\nconsequences have been severe and multifaceted.\nA substantial 64.34% of respondents reported\ncivilian casualties in conflict-affected areas, while\n27.31% mentioned casualties within displacement\nsites. These clashes resulted not only in fatalities\nand injuries but also caused widespread destruction\nof homes and livelihoods, leaving many families in a\nstate of increased vulnerability.\n\n\nWidespread destruction of infrastructure was a key\nconcern. Data revealed that 54.72% of civilian\nhomes, 36.16% of internally displaced person (IDP)\nsites, 33.92% of schools, 31.20% of population\n\n\n\nsettlements, and 25.76% of hospitals had been\ndamaged or destroyed. This damage has\nundermined the stability of affected areas,\nrendering essential services inaccessible and forcing\nmany to seek alternative shelters.\n\n\nParticularly concerning was the devastation of\ncivilian homes, with over half (51.46%) of\nrespondents stating that their homes were\ncompletely destroyed and rendered uninhabitable,\nwhile 30.99% indicated the possibility of repair.\nPopulation settlements also faced similar impacts,\nwith 27.69% of cases reporting permanent\nuninhabitability. Essential services such as hospitals\nwere significantly affected, with 34.78% destroyed\nand no longer in use, although 34.18% were deemed\nrepairable. Schools suffered comparable damage,\nwith 36.32% reported as beyond repair, and 28.30%\ndamaged but salvageable. Even aid distribution\ncenters were not spared, with 34.33% damaged or\ndestroyed, severely hampering humanitarian\nefforts.\n\n\nDuring and after these violent episodes, over half\n(52.53%) of respondents overwhelmingly stated\nthat access to humanitarian organizations and\npartners was not available, underscoring a\nsignificant gap in the provision of services following\nsuch attacks.\n\n\nKey informant interviews provided further insights\ninto the impact of these incidents, emphasizing not\njust the physical damage but also the long-term\npsychological and social repercussions. Many\naffected individuals suffered from physical injuries\nand trauma, and the emotional distress was\ncompounded by a sense of isolation and\nstigmatization, particularly for those who were\nvictims of targeted violence or discrimination. Social\ncohesion within communities has deteriorated, with\nmany reporting increased mistrust, poor\ncommunication, and the breakdown of social\nnetworks.\n\n\nMoreover, the KIIs highlighted the alarming lack of\nprotection mechanisms for vulnerable groups,\nespecially in severe cases such as rape, where no\nconcrete measures have been put in place to\n\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9875432252883911, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9159191846847534, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflictaffected areas", - "confidence": 0.9617711305618286, - "start": 125, - "end": 127 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9485357403755188, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7781661152839661, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7021390795707703, - "start": 84, - "end": 85 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflictaffected areas", - "confidence": 0.7425968050956726, - "start": 125, - "end": 127 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5979998111724854, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6656976342201233, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6688755750656128, - "start": 258, - "end": 259 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.792630672454834, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported\ncivilian casualties in conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.5336999893188477, - "start": 300, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "conflict-affected areas", - "confidence": 0.5019530057907104, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.7165656089782715, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.9800542593002319, - "start": 609, - "end": 612 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5737720131874084, - "start": 733, - "end": 734 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected individuals", - "confidence": 0.8020108342170715, - "start": 638, - "end": 640 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "safeguard or support victims. Despite\nrecommendations from communities on how to\nmitigate the impacts, such as improving integration\nand dialogue between local communities and\ndisplaced persons, fostering trust, and eliminating\nhatred and discrimination, there remains a lack of\ntangible action.\n\n\nWhen asked how they protect themselves during\narmed conflict, the communities described a range\nof strategies reflecting a mix of immediate physical\nresponses, displacement, and the creation of safe\nspaces. Many sought refuge by relocating to safer\nzones or by creating makeshift shelters within\nschools or community centers. Others resorted to\nlying on the ground or hiding to avoid immediate\nharm. Some opted to flee entirely, seeking safety\noutside of conflict zones. Efforts were also made by\nsome communities to engage in awareness\ncampaigns and preparedness efforts to reduce risks\nduring conflict, though a significant number\nexpressed uncertainty about effective protective\nmeasures.\n\n###### Impact of ATMIS Closure on Security\n\n\nWhen asked about their concerns regarding the\nForward Operating Base (FOB) closures, particularly\nin Bay, Hiraan, Bari, Bandair, Lower Juba, and\nMiddle and Lower Shabelle, 44.58% of respondents\nexpressed uncertainty, stating that they were\nunsure how the closures would impact them in the\nlong term. Meanwhile, 43.13% reported having no\nconcerns, and 13.82% expressed specific worries\nabout the potential consequences of the closures,\nsuch as the loss of a sense of security and the risks\nto road mines and other potential explosions, which\nmay affect communities.\n\n\nRegarding the increased protection risks following\nthe closures, the community\u2019s perception of\nhumanitarian efforts to address these risks was\n\n\n\nCOMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nFeedback gathered from the community\nunderscores communities caught in a cycle of\nviolence and displacement, struggling to protect\nthemselves with limited resources and support. The\ndestruction of essential infrastructure \u2013 civilian\nhomes, hospitals, schools \u2013 coupled with the longlasting psychological and social impacts, has left\nmany in a state of heightened vulnerability. The\nrecurring theme of lack of access to humanitarian\nassistance, highlighted by over half of survey\nrespondents, points to an urgent need for enhanced\nsupport mechanisms, better service delivery, and\nconcrete protection measures to safeguard those\nmost at risk.\n\n\nDespite the recommendations for community\ndialogue, reconciliation, and the rebuilding of trust,\nthe absence of immediate protective actions,\nespecially for marginalized groups, continues to\nleave communities exposed to further harm.\nAddressing these gaps will require coordinated\nefforts that go beyond physical reconstruction,\nfocusing on psychological recovery, social cohesion,\nand ensuring that the voices of the most affected\nare integrated into any response planning.\n\n\ngenerally positive. 42.46% of respondents rated\nthese efforts as positive, while 25% viewed them as\nvery positive. However, 26.44% remained neutral,\nand a smaller percentage (6.45%) expressed\nnegative views about the effectiveness of\nhumanitarian efforts in addressing protection risks.\n\n\nThis analysis highlights that while the majority of the\ncommunity has not been directly impacted by the\nFOB closures, a notable minority did rely on the\nsecurity and humanitarian aid associated with the\nbases. The mixed levels of concern and uncertainty\nsurrounding the closures reflect the community\u2019s\nneed for continued support, particularly in\naddressing protection risks and ensuring the\nstability of humanitarian efforts in affected areas.\n\n\n###### Community Recommendations on Risk Reduction 3\n\n1. **Enhancing security measures:** Strengthen security protocols to safeguard communities from\n\nongoing conflict and ensure uninterrupted access to humanitarian services.\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9969402551651001, - "start": 303, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Feedback gathered from the community", - "confidence": 0.8265266418457031, - "start": 308, - "end": 313 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8522700071334839, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6380194425582886, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9834641814231873, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.6291998624801636, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n#### **Overall Recommendations from the Community**\n\n\nThe community, through various participatory methods such as surveys, KIIs, and FGDs, provided several key\nrecommendations aimed at enhancing the quality and impact of humanitarian assistance and protection efforts.\nThe inputs reflected diverse perspectives, ranging from specific interventions to broader strategic priorities.\nBelow is a summary of the primary themes and key recommendations:\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9738932251930237, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8920196294784546, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8527962565422058, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5520203113555908, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8108033537864685, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6092274188995361, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7917917966842651, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n\nUNHCR Somalia / June 2025 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9620285630226135, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.940085232257843, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9516093730926514, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9874749779701233, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9598603248596191, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7246004343032837, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY ANALYSIS 2024\n\n#### **Concluding Analysis and Priority Actions**\n\n\n\nThe findings of the Community Perception Survey\nunderscore the pressing need for more inclusive,\nequitable, and transparent humanitarian\ninterventions in Somalia. The survey findings call for\na balanced approach between immediate relief and\nlong-term resilience, focusing on inclusion,\naccountability, and collaboration. Vulnerable groups\nsuch as the elderly, persons with disabilities, and\nnewly displaced individuals face compounded risks\nof exclusion from critical aid, demanding targeted,\ntimely assistance. Women-at-risk, including\npregnant and single-female-headed households,\nrequire specialized interventions to address their\nunique vulnerabilities.\n\n\nPersistent gaps in aid delivery, exacerbated by\ncorruption, aid diversion, and inadequate\ncommunity engagement, pose significant barriers to\nthe equitable distribution of resources. Third-party\ninvolvement has not consistently ensured fairness,\nleaving communities without critical information\nand essential services.\n\n\nCommunity engagement, though present, is\ninsufficient in many areas. A stronger focus on\n\n\n\nparticipatory approaches in program design and\nbeneficiary selection could enhance trust,\naccountability, and the effectiveness of aid\ndistribution. Furthermore, the report highlights the\nneed to improve communication on abuse,\nexploitation, and exclusion risks, as current efforts\nare only moderately effective at best.\n\n\nCoping strategies employed by displaced\npopulations reflect both resilience and desperation,\nwith a worrying reliance on harmful mechanisms\nsuch as begging, child labor, and reducing meals. The\nabsence of community programs to address these\nnegative strategies indicates an urgent need for\neducational programs, livelihoods support, and\nbetter access to essential resources.\n\n\nThe impact of armed conflict continues to devastate\ninfrastructure and civilian lives, while humanitarian\nresponses during conflict remain inadequate. This\ncalls for strengthened conflict-response\nmechanisms and better access to humanitarian\nservices in affected areas.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9994705319404602, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.8860297203063965, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9993035793304443, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9413339495658875, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6640913486480713, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0b5a49de-8281-5f7b-88b0-010ae99e6bfe/UNHCR%20Somalia%20Community%20Perception%20Survey%20Analysis%202024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_711/raw/doc_711_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_711/raw/doc_711_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 32cd723f7abf722b597f075d065ddf0138e8b687..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_711/raw/doc_711_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,435 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_An internally displaced woman gathering site in Kassala for forcibly displaced people. \u00a9 UNHCR_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n## Introduction and Context\n\n\nAs of December 2024, Sudan remained the world\u2019s largest internal displacement crisis,\nwith approximately 11.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs). This total includes\nthose displaced prior to the outbreak of conflict in April 2023, estimated at 2.7 million,\nand those displaced by the ongoing conflict. According to the IOM Displacement Tracking\nMatrix (DTM), since the conflict erupted in April 2023 over 8.8 million people were forced\nto flee their homes.\n\n\n2 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT - INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE: SUDAN\n\n\nIn 2024, Sudan saw an intensification of the conflict mainly in Khartoum, Al Jazeera,\nDarfur, Kordofan, and Blue Nile states with persistent use of heavy weaponry with wide\narea effects including artillery shelling and aerial bombardments. The impact of the\nconflict on civilians is grave, including deaths, injuries, displacement of civilians, and\ndestruction of civilian objects and infrastructure. In some cases, as in the Darfur region,\ncivilians faced a range of obstacles to flee conflict areas, often facing multiple protection\nviolations while in flight such as harassment, extortion, and violence at checkpoints. The\nongoing escalation of the conflict in North Darfur had particularly severe impacts on the\ncivilian population, as civilian settlements including IDP sites were regularly directly\naffected by the conflict. Over December 2024, Zamzam IDP camp in North Darfur was\nsubject to artillery shelling on multiple occasions while barriers to movement inhibited\ncamp residents from seeking safer safety elsewhere. Escalations of clashes in Sennar and\nAl Jazeera states triggered significant displacement to Gedaref in June 2024 and midOctober respectively, necessitating a scale up in the IDP response by government and\nhumanitarian partners to cater to almost 400,000 newly displaced people.\n\nThe ongoing conflict has also worsened access and transport of humanitarian and\ncommercial supplies. Blue Nile, for instance, was cut-off and inaccessible resulting in acute\nshortages of supplies and skyrocketing prices of essential commodities. Road closures by\nparties to the conflict, bureaucratic impediments, and insecurity affected response efforts.\nAs a result, due to lack of assistance in areas of displacement some families are choosing\nto return to familiar locations, even if not safe, to try find assistance in locations\nconsidered more easily accessible. As cash assistance also formed a big part of the\nresponse, especially individual protection assistance for persons with specific needs, lack\nof liquidity was also a challenge especially in hard-to-reach locations like the Darfur and\nKordofan regions and Blue Nile, thus worsening the situation of IDPs and returnees.\n\n\nIn the second and third quarters there was a notable increase in the number of deported\nSudanese nationals and returnees from Egypt, with the majority being deported via the\nEshkeet border crossing point in Wadi Halfa, Northern State. Most of these individuals\nremain displaced, primarily because their areas of origin are still insecure. Some deported\nSudanese nationals reported to UNHCR that they had faced various human rights\nviolations, including the confiscation of their identity documents and phones, the\nimposition of fines, physical abuse, and prolonged detention without any review of their\ncases in Egypt.\n\n\nPlans to reopen schools and relocate IDPs using school buildings as gathering sites is an\nemerging development. UNHCR is advocating via different fora for school relocations to\nbe conducted in consultation with IDP representatives and in full compliance with\nprotection standards to safeguard the rights to shelter, dignity, liberty, and security for all\naffected people. In Kassala and Gedaref states for example, the unplanned relocation of\nIDPs raised significant protection concerns, with IDPs moved to sites which lack essential\nservices exposing them to heightened risks and psychological distress.\n\nThere was notable return of IDPs in the fourth quarter of 2024. Sporadic returns were\nobserved in locations clear of active conflicts, such as Sinja and Sennar localities in Sennar\nstate. In Gedaref, the authorities formed a committee led by the Social Welfare\nDepartment to register IDPs willing to return to their area of origin and to support with\nthe return transport. According to the available data, about 1,300 households comprising\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.6498243808746338, - "start": 641, - "end": 643 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Social Welfare\nDepartment", - "confidence": 0.8406009078025818, - "start": 616, - "end": 619 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gedaref", - "confidence": 0.5336949825286865, - "start": 538, - "end": 539 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8944380283355713, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n\n6,550 people returned from the various gathering sites and host communities in Gedaref,\nCentral, East Gallabat, West Gallabat, and Madinat Al-Gedaref, to Sennar, Sinja, Aldinndir,\nand Alsouki localities of Sennar state in 2024. Protection partners have been sensitizing\nthe communities on protection safeguards related to returns, highlighting voluntariness,\ninformed decision-making and mine risk awareness ever since the spontaneous returns\nhad started.\n\nIncidents related to the agricultural season and associated tensions increased over the\nthird and fourth quarters especially in the Darfur region and Blue Nile, as confirmed by\nprotection monitoring. These incidents included crop destruction, robbery of agricultural\nassets and produce, and other protection violations such as sexual and gender-based\nviolence (SGBV) targeting those engaged in agricultural activities. These incidents\nexacerbated the risk of food insecurity in areas where famine was declared like Kordofan,\nand North and South Darfur. According to the Famine Prevention Plan launched by\nhumanitarian partners in Sudan in April 2024 to scale up response to millions of people in\nacute need, more than 25.6 million people were facing acute levels of food insecurity in\n2024, including 755,000 at risk of famine particularly in Al Jazeera and Khartoum states,\nand the Darfur and Kordofan regions.\n\n## Summary of IDP Response and Interventions\n\n\nUNHCR coordinated the implementation of comprehensive protection monitoring in\ncollaboration with its implementing and cluster partners. To collect structured and\ncomparable community-level data on the evolving protection situation, key informant\ninterviews (KIIs) were conducted using a KOBO data collection tool. This protection\nmonitoring approach was further supplemented by additional interviews and field\nmonitoring, providing a more holistic understanding of the protection challenges faced by\naffected people.\n\nIn 2024, close to 7,700 key informant interviews using the standardized KOBO tool were\nconducted by UNHCR and partners in Sudan. This included 2,718 KIIs conducted with\ncommunity leaders and members of community-based protection networks (CBPNs) in the\nDarfur region. In South and North Kordofan, UNHCR reached over 25,000 IDPs through\nprotection monitoring conducted in their communities, in addition to conducting 77 KIIs.\nIn White Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner conducted 40 physical protection monitoring visits to\ncommunities and gathering sites in Kosti, El Duweim, Rabak, Al Jabalain, Tendalti, and Guli\nlocalities. UNHCR\u2019s partner conducted six physical field monitoring visits to the Ar\nRusayris IDP gathering sites in Blue Nile meeting with paralegals and community leaders,\nand held focus group discussions to assess living conditions. In Kassala, protection\nmonitoring was carried out using both focus group discussions and KIIs reaching almost\n500 IDPs. Additionally, UNHCR and its partners in Kassala established four permanent\nprotection desks in gathering sites and mobile desks in other locations to facilitate\nprotection monitoring and share information with newly arriving IDPs on available\nservices and support systems. In Gedaref, UNHCR and its partners conducted 354\nprotection monitoring visits to various IDP locations and gathering sites in the last quarter.\nMobile information desks were also deployed at gathering sites providing information to\nIDPs who had fled Al Jazeera. In Wadi Halfa and Dongola localities of Northern State,\nUNHCR and its partners conducted protection monitoring by visiting IDP sites using\nunstructured community discussions and focus group discussions reaching 41,000 IDPs\n\n\n4 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "QUARTERLY REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9890530705451965, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.8873972296714783, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.5376797914505005, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9227916598320007, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Famine Prevention Plan", - 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"author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9138866662979126, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6418412327766418, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kassala", - "confidence": 0.5155520439147949, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5813302993774414, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.69931560754776, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "focus group discussions", - "confidence": 0.7867713570594788, - "start": 460, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.501464307308197, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kassala", - "confidence": 0.7701507210731506, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5934678912162781, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9101710915565491, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.6306891441345215, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5222006440162659, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9243114590644836, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.788935661315918, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6526305079460144, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8415393233299255, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT - INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE: SUDAN\n\n\nliving in gathering sites and host communities. In addition to the general protection\nconcerns, one state-specific issue reported was the restrictive entry visa policy into Egypt.\n\nDuring protection monitoring, IDPs expressed concerns about the lack of humanitarian\nassistance and basic services and urgent needs such as food, health care, water, and\nadequate shelter. Persistent insecurity, difficult socio-economic conditions due to loss of\nlivelihoods and disrupted education for children also came up from protection monitoring.\nIn 2024, UNHCR published 22 Advocacy Notes highlighting the situation of IDPs and\ncivilians in Al Jazeera (3), Darfur (18), and Kordofan (1) advocating for the protection of\ncivilians in these high-risk areas.\n\nProtection monitoring also revealed a considerable number of people with specific needs\nlike women and girls at risk including of gender-based violence (GBV), children at risk,\nvulnerable older people and people with disabilities who need specialized protection\nservices. Other concerns raised included the loss of vital legal documents during flight\nand the threat of unexploded ordnance and remnants of war. People in need of specialised\nassistance identified during protection monitoring were referred to other service providers\nto receive services tailored to their needs. For instance, by the end of 2024, more than\n1,800 GBV survivors accessed support services.\n\n\nOverall in 2024, over 238,170 IDPs received non-food items (NFI) assistance in Blue Nile,\nDarfur, Gedaref, Kassala, Kordofan, Northern, River Nile, Red Sea, and White Nile. NFI kits\ncomprise blankets, plastic sheets, mosquito nets, kitchen sets, sleeping mats, jerry cans\nand solar lamps. Another 60,460 IDPs also received emergency shelter either in cash or\nkind in Blue Nile, Gedaref, Kassala, River Nile, Red Sea, and White Nile states.\n\nOver 9,500 households received shelter support in Blue Nile, Central Darfur, Gedaref,\nKassala, Red Sea, River Nile, West Darfur, and White Nile states. In the last quarter,\nshelter assistance included the pitching of 2,748 tents in Blue Nile, Gedaref, Kassala, Red\nSea, and White Nile states. Also, cash for shelter was distributed to 288 IDP households in\nGedaref, and plastic sheets were provided to 2,072 households in Blue Nile, Central\nDarfur, Red Sea, and West Darfur. In Kassala, 20 rakoubas were constructed using local\nmaterials and plastic sheets. UNHCR also installed four communal Rubb halls to be used as\nshelter and a Rubb hall as warehousing space in the Village 6 Arab gathering site. At the\nWest Airport IDP site in Kassala, UNHCR and partners constructed a semi-permanent\nmarket and communal kitchen.\n\n\nCash assistance plays an important role in mitigating protection risks and reducing\nrecourse to harmful coping mechanisms among crisis-affected people, particularly those\nexperiencing displacement and consequent loss of assets and livelihoods. In 2024, more\nthan 8,050 IDP households and 42,600 people received cash assistance in Blue Nile,\nDarfur, Gedaref, Kassala, Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea and White Nile.\n\nCash assistance was provided either as individual protection assistance, multi-purpose\ncash grant, cash for non-food items, or cash for emergency shelter. For example, UNHCR\nand partners in Darfur and Kordofan provided USD 1.4 million worth of multi-purpose\ncash assistance to almost 2,000 IDP households. Cumulatively, close to USD 3.8 million\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n\nworth of cash was distributed to IDPs throughout 2024 in Sudan, and the main delivery\nmechanism was cash in hand through UNHCR's contracted Financial Service Provider.\n\nUnfortunately, liquidity challenges persisted in most locations which resulted in the\ncancelation of some of the scheduled cash distributions in Port Sudan and Kassala. To\ncircumvent such liquidity challenges, UNHCR signed a Frame Agreement with Bank of\nKhartoum to enable beneficiaries to use the Bankak digital money platform (linked to their\npre-existing bank account) to receive cash and use it for day-to-day transactions.\n\n\nMulti-purpose community centres (MPCCs) are central to UNHCR\u2019s community-based\nprotection programme in Sudan, playing a crucial role in enhancing provision of and access\nto essential services for both forcibly displaced people and host communities. The 34\ncurrently operational MPCCs are spread across various 11 states in Sudan with an\nestimated population of over 1 million people in the catchment locations (Blue Nile,\nCentral Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Kassala, North Darfur, Northern, River Nile, South\nDarfur, West Darfur and White Nile states). In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2024, two\nformer UNHCR guesthouses in West Kordofan were handed over to partners to facilitate\nthe process of converting them into MPCCs. By serving both displaced and non-displaced\ncommunities MPCCs strengthen social cohesion between different groups in conflictaffected areas. These centres serve as hubs and safe spaces for surrounding communities\nto engage in community-based protection activities, community meetings and awarenessraising activities. An average of 280 individuals accesses each MPCC per week.\n\nMPCCs are managed by centre management committees (CMCs) drawn from the\ncommunities where they are located and are accessible to everyone in the surrounding\ncatchment area: IDPs, refugees and non-displaced residents alike. CMCs for all\nfunctioning MPCCs were oriented on their roles and responsibilities and began managing\nthe use of the centres by communities with support from UNHCR and partners. While the\nMPCCs are a valuable entry point for the provision of individual and group psychosocial\nsupport and cash or in-kind individual protection assistance, they are also a venue used by\ncommunities to organize social, recreational, and other local-level initiatives.\n\nCommunity-based Protection Networks (CBPNs)\nUNHCR and partners provided capacity building support to 54 community-based\nprotection networks (CBPNs), and eight community-led projects. For example, in Darfur,\n21 CBPNs in Central Darfur (4), East Darfur (2), North Darfur (6), South Darfur (4), and\nWest Darfur (5) were trained on key protection concepts, safe identification and referral,\ninitial responses to protection incidents and protection monitoring.\n\nIn the Kordofan region, 10 new CBPNs were established and trained in North Kordofan (7)\nand South Kordofan (3) states. In Blue Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner was able to identify the\nmembers of four CBPNs previously operating in Sennar among IDPs displaced from that\nstate. The members of the four CBPNs were supported to rejoin their networks and\nresume activities. UNHCR\u2019s partner in Blue Nile also coordinated with CBPNs to conduct\nawareness raising sessions on general protection and FGM reaching 320 people, and\nhygiene promotion campaigns for 155 participants. In Gedaref, eight women\u2019s committees\nwere established in Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib School, Agricultural School, and Al Zahra\u2019a to\nempower displaced women to contribute to protection objectives and and promote\n\n\n6 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT - INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE: SUDAN\n\n\nintegration into local communities. In Kassala, four CBPNs comprising of 30 individuals\nwere established in new gathering sites and were trained on the prevention of sexual\nexploitation and abuse (PSEA). The new CBPNs conducted awareness raising campaigns\non GBV prevention and response and child protection in various gathering sites across\nKassala reaching 2,100 individuals. Thirty-five CBPN members and IDP leaders in Wadi\nHalfa locality of Northern State also received PSEA training.\n\nIDP-led Organizations\nUNHCR is engaging IDP-led organizations (IDP-LOs) as the first-line responders across\nSudan.\n\n**Case Study: Impact of Partnering with IDP-Led Organizations in Kassala and Gedaref**\n**States**\nIn Kassala, UNHCR\u2019s partnership with organizations led by IDPs has resulted in significant\npositive impacts on both the IDPs and the broader humanitarian response \u2013 capitalizing on\nthe capacities of the displaced communities, which is essential to build resilience and seek\n\u2018solutions from the start\u2019. By identifying and collaborating with three key IDP-led\norganizations, UNHCR has enhanced its ability to address the unique needs of forcibly\ndisplaced people while strengthening local capacities for community-driven interventions.\nIn Kassala, UNHCR partnered with Mental Health Voluntary Youth Organization,\nOrganization of Hope and Care and Sudan Organization for Local Development.\n\nDuring the reporting period, the Mental Health Voluntary Youth Organization and the\nOrganization of Hope and Care provided critical mental health and psychosocial support\nservices (MHPSS) to forcibly displaced people. Together, they reached about 1,500 people\ndelivering a range of activities aimed at strengthening community support and promoting\noverall well-being. These activities included social events designed to build community\nbonds, training of community members on mental health awareness, and conducting\nsessions on coping strategies. Another 2,500 people were empowered through education\nand awareness raising initiatives equipping them with vital knowledge to better manage\nmental health challenges. As part of the MHPSS initiative, the Mental Health Youth\nOrganization established an MHPSS desk at each of three gathering sites, staffed by 12\ntrained medical doctors. Over 250 patients have visited the desk with the majority being\nwomen and girls. The two organizations also conducted 12 awareness campaigns focused\non GBV and recognizing the signs of post-traumatic stress.\n\nIn collaboration with the Ministry of Health, qualified medical doctors from the\nOrganization of Hope and Care were deployed in Kassala as part of the emergency\nresponse team to provide medical services to newly displaced IDPs from Al Jazeera. This\nIDP-LO treated over 50 patients suffering from dehydration, severe malaria, diabetic foot\ninfections, and hyperglycemia in the immediate aftermath of the displacement. The Sudan\nOrganization for Local Development played a key role in raising awareness and building\nresilience in both the IDP and host communities. The organization also conducted\noutreach programmes focused on flood prevention and response reaching about 4,000\npeople. These programmes helped educate community members on flood risks and\npreparedness strategies, strengthening the ability of IDP and host communities to respond\nto environmental challenges. In coordination with UNHCR, the IDP-LO installed close to\n370 tents at the newly established gathering site, Village 6 Arab. This example\ndemonstrates the importance of working with IDP-led organizations, whose deep\nunderstanding of the community's needs significantly enhances the effectiveness of\nhumanitarian interventions and promotes long-term resilience.\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n\nIn Gedaref, UNHCR is collaborating with Women for Peace and Development (WPDO), an\nIDP-LO which plays a key role in fostering resilience and peaceful co-existence in Kerfes\nand Al Koury localities where close to 280 vulnerable IDP households were identified for\ncash-for-shelter assistance. WPDO also mapped community structures and protection\nnetworks, conducting two training sessions on gender equality, peacebuilding, and\nintegration with 40 participants. Two peace committees were established and trained on\nconflict resolution to sustain dialogue and address future conflicts between IDPs and host\ncommunities. The project has been positively received and holds potential for expansion in\n2025.\n\nIn the Darfur region, UNHCR is engaging with 10 IDP-LOs in Central, North, West, South\nand East Darfur to prepare targeted interventions for which UNHCR will provide financial\nsupport in 2025. These engagements provide opportunities for further strengthening the\ncapacities of supported organizations, contributing to localization of the response, and\nenhancing community self-protection capacities. In preparation for implementation in\n2025, UNHCR conducted capacity building sessions with IDP-LOs in East Darfur, South\nDarfur and Gedaref on core topics including the prevention of sexual exploitation and\nabuse, communication with communities and accountability to affected populations to\nensure their activities are carried out ethically and accountably.\n\nCommunity Empowerment\nUNHCR established a marketplace at the West Airport gathering site in Kassala, where\n2,050 IDP households are located. This initiative has contributed positively to the\neconomy by providing income-generating opportunities, access to goods and services, and\nsupport for local entrepreneurship. The market has created jobs and reduced the displaced\nfamilies' reliance on humanitarian aid. Additionally, 38 IDP households were allocated\nshops enhancing their economic resilience and self-sufficiency. The market is now fully\noperational, benefiting around 14,350 individuals who can trade for daily necessities.\n\nIn Kassala, UNHCR with its partners targeted more than 275 IDP and host community\nparticipants in vocational and skills training. The training covered areas like electrical\nwiring and installations, food processing, tailoring, embroidery, soap production, local\nperfume production, and beauty techniques such as henna drawing. These programmes\nalign with UNHCR\u2019s broader goals of promoting economic inclusion, fostering\nempowerment, and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities for IDPs and host\ncommunities.\n\nIn Blue Nile, UNHCR's partner provided livelihoods assistance to 16 displaced people with\nspecific needs to enhance their economic resilience and empower them to achieve selfsufficiency and improve their living conditions. The assistance comprised both materials\nfor use in income generating activities (including spice grinders, blenders, bakery materials\nand ovens), and a livelihood micro-project grant of 110,000 Sudanese Pounds per person.\n\n\nIn 2024, about 6,700 IDPs received legal aid services such as legal consultations or\nassistance. The issues for which legal aid services were provided included issuance and\nreplacement of civil documentation, criminal matters and forced eviction, as well as other\nprotection issues. In Blue Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner provided essential legal services to more\nthan 1,100 IDPs, which were addressed at the Ar Rusayris and Damazine courts and\n\n\n8 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT - INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE: SUDAN\n\n\nprosecution centers. In Northern State, UNHCR\u2019s partner provided legal aid services to\nover 2,000 IDPs in Wadi Halfa, Dongola, and Al Daba localities. UNHCR\u2019s partner in\nGedaref assisted more than 2,800 IDPs with individual legal services in 2024, as well as\nproviding legal awareness raising sessions on human rights, women\u2019s rights, and child\nprotection law that reached 110 IDPs in the fourth quarter and conducting a training on\nIDP\u2019s rights and human rights for 25 civil servants and local government staff in Doka\nlocality. UNHCR\u2019s partner supported 952 IDPs with legal consultations and assistance in\nthe fourth quarter in Kassala, predominately focused on the replacement of identity\ndocuments IDPs had lost during flight, to enable them to more easily move around and\naccess financial services. This work was facilitated through establishment of a mobile team\nin collaboration with the Prosecution Office that registered IDPs and processed their\ndocumentation. Twenty people received individual support on other legal matters, and\n180 people attended awareness sessions on obtaining/replacing civil documentation and\nthe child protection and personal status laws.\n\n\nIn September 2024, with the announcement by authorities to decommission gathering\nsites at schools in preparation for national exams, the UNHCR-led Site Management subnational cluster in Gedaref conducted an intention survey with IDPs hosted in 44 schools\ntargeted for re-opening to ensure that IDPs\u2019 priorities and preferences were taken into\naccount in the relocation planning processes. UNHCR and its partners then helped some\n625 IDP families comprising over 940 individuals to relocate from school gathering sites to\nWad Al Houri and Abu Al Naja sites and the Port Land Reception Centre by providing\ntransport and cash for shelter assistance. UNHCR also trained 80 community-based\nprotection network members in Western Gallabat on site management and protection\ncoordination.\n\nAs part of the school re-opening plan in White Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner assessed four\nproposed IDP relocation sites in Kosti, Rabak, and Al Duem localities to determine their\nfeasibility for the planned relocations.\n\nDuring the year, 46 site management committees were established in Kassala, North\nKordofan, South Kordofan, and White Nile states. Six site management committees were\nformed and supported in North and South Kordofan to engage in site management\nactivities with UNHCR and partners. In White Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner and the\nHumanitarian Aid Commission facilitated the formation of a new community site\nmanagement committee at the Khor Ajwal IDP site. This effort, which included active\ncommunity engagement, resulted in the successful establishment of a committee with\nrepresentation from across the different age and gender groups within the IDP population.\nIn Kassala, 39 site management committees were established with a total of 90 members.\nUNHCR conducted a training on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse for 43\nsite management committee members. To enhance safety, security, and access to services,\n210 lights were installed in three gathering sites in Kassala.\n\nIn Gedaref, UNHCR together with partners relocated 185 vulnerable IDP households from\ngathering sites to the host community and provided them with multi-purpose cash\nassistance to support their local integration. This support was provided as part of a pilot\nproject aiming to support local integration of 500 IDP households. A further group of\nalmost 500 IDP households already living among host communities in Doka (392\nhouseholds) and Karfes (92 households) also received cash for shelter support to assist\ntheir local integration.\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2025 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intention survey", - "confidence": 0.9644623398780823, - "start": 245, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6616025567054749, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "44 schools", - "confidence": 0.5176076292991638, - "start": 251, - "end": 253 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9008654952049255, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n\nIn White Nile, UNHCR\u2019s partner monitored 300 gathering sites in Al Duweim, Al Gataina,\nAl Jabalain, Al Salam, Guli, Kosti, Rabak, and Tandalti localities and conducted multisectoral site assessments in 445 gathering sites, as well as conducting site mapping.. In\nKassala, 179 gathering sites in Madinat Kassala, New Halfa, and Kashm El Girba localities\nbenefitted from site management support provided by UNHCR\u2019s partner.\n\n\n - **Ongoing Conflict and Displacement:** Persistent conflict, especially in Khartoum,\nSennar, Kordofan and Darfur, has led to large-scale displacement, unpredictable IDP\nmovements, and a lack of adequate resources, making it difficult to address protection\nneeds and monitor IDP populations effectively.\n\n - **Shortage of Supplies and Services:** Resource scarcity is a major issue, with inadequate\nreferral systems, limited services, and severe shortages of essential supplies, especially\nin conflict-affected areas. Access restrictions due to ongoing violence, contribute to\nacute shortages of food, medical supplies, and other necessities, leaving vulnerable\npeople in dire conditions. These shortages are compounded by skyrocketing prices for\nessential commodities.\n\n - **Protection Risks for Vulnerable Groups:** Gender-based violence is a growing concern,\nespecially for women and girls who face risks of sexual violence, harassment, and\nexploitation, particularly in overcrowded displacement settings or when engaged in\nlivelihood activities like collecting firewood, water or while farming. Child protection is\nalso a major issue, with children facing risks from unexploded ordnance and\nrecruitment by armed groups, alongside severe malnutrition and lack of access to\nhealth care services.\n\n - **Impunity and Lawlessness:** The proliferation of weapons and all-but complete collapse\nof civilian law enforcement fosters an environment of impunity, contributing to\ncriminality, violence, and generalized insecurity. In places like the Darfur region,\nattacks on civilians and ongoing lawlessness have put communities at risk of physical\nassault, looting, and sexual violence, further destabilizing already vulnerable areas.\n\n - **Agricultural Disruptions and Livelihoods:** Agricultural disruptions have significantly\nundermined the livelihoods of IDPs, refugees, and host communities. Attacks on\nfarmers and the destruction of agricultural assets have led to tension between herders\nand farmers, further displacement and loss of livelihoods. These disruptions contribute\nto food insecurity, and loss of livelihoods has led to IDPs resorting to harmful coping\nmechanisms, such as alcohol brewing and survival sex. Additionally, limited livelihood\nopportunities increase dependency on humanitarian aid and create long-term\nchallenges for self-sufficiency.\n\n - **Inadequate Host Community Support:** There is a disproportionate focus on IDP\ngathering sites, with insufficient attention to IDPs living among host communities. The\nneeds of host communities are often neglected, despite the strain on public services\nand infrastructure. More support projects are needed alongside the adoption of areabased approaches to prevent intercommunal tensions and improve living conditions\nfor both displaced and host communities.\n\n - **Challenges in Coordinating Humanitarian Efforts:** Multiple simultaneous emergencies,\nincluding IDP influxes, cholera outbreaks, and refugee crises have led to resource\nreallocation and shifting priorities causing delays and humanitarian fatigue. The lack of\na clear focus on the humanitarian-development nexus has hindered efforts to identify\nand support sustainable solutions for displacement.\n\n\n10 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT - INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE: SUDAN\n\n## Sudan Tri-Cluster Response\n\n\nUnder the Inter-agency Standing Committee Framework for IDP emergencies, UNHCR\nleads the Protection, Shelter and Non-food Items and Camp Coordination and Camp\nManagement Clusters at national and sub-national level in Sudan.\n\n\nUNHCR together with the Danish Refugee Council lead the Protection Cluster comprised\nof 56 organizations. In 2024, the Sudan Protection Cluster partners reached about\n252,000 IDPs and host community members in all states, conducting a range of activities\nand providing life-saving services. Among other activities, partners conducted protection\nmonitoring through using key informant interviews and focus-group discussions reaching\nover 11,000 people, and implemented protection needs assessments at the community\nlevel reaching over 28,000 people. Cluster partners also conducted awareness raising\ncampaigns on protection issues reaching over 91,000 people. Some 10,700 IDPs with\nspecific needs received cash assistance to meet their immediate protection needs and\nmitigate risks. To enhance community-based protection, 203 CBPNs were established\nand/or strengthened to address protection needs, protection monitoring and analysis and\nidentification of protection risks.\n\n\nUNHCR also leads the Shelter and Non-Food Items Cluster in Sudan, where partners play\na crucial role in providing shelter assistance and non-food items. As of December 2024,\nthe Cluster had reached over 254,400 households comprising 1.27 million people with\nessential shelter and NFI items such as tents, blankets, and cooking utensils aimed at\nproviding immediate protection and relief. This number includes, more than 220,000\nnewly displaced IDPs, 11,280 IDPs in protracted displacement, close to 6,000 IDP\nreturnees and close to 16,000 host community members. Most of the assistance provided\n(90%) addressed NFI needs of 240,000 households, with 10% of households receiving\neither NFI or emergency shelter kits having received partial kits.\n\n\nDuring the year, a dedicated training was conducted for Shelter Cluster partners in Sudan,\naimed at enhancing protection considerations in shelter interventions. This training\nequipped partners with the necessary skills to identify and address protection risks in\nshelter settings, ensuring that the rights and safety of vulnerable populations are\nprioritized. Also close to 50 Shelter Cluster partners participated in specialized training on\nthe Participatory Approach for Safe Shelter Awareness and flood mitigation strategies.\nThese efforts aimed to strengthen partners' preparedness and response capacities,\nequipping them with practical tools and knowledge to improve shelter conditions and\nreduce risks.\n\n\nThe Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster is co-led by UNHCR and the\nNorwegian Refugee Council and is comprised of seven partners at national and subnational level. Between January and December 2024, close to 202,000 families\ncomprising about 961,000 individuals were reached with various site management\nactivities. In the fourth quarter, Cluster partners reached 89,300 households with over\n379,000 individuals through site assessments. Between April and December 2024, the\ncluster conducted 64 capacity-building trainings and 7,320 site tool kits were distributed\n\n\nUNHCR / January 2025 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "QUARTERLY REPORT \u2013 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE - SUDAN\n\n\nacross Sudan. Close to 170 complaints and feedback mechanisms were established or\nsupported and 206 site management committees were established.\n\n\n**ADVOCACY MESSAGES**\n\n - All parties to the conflict must **adhere to their International Humanitarian Law obligations**,\n\navoid locating **military objects** in or near **densely populated areas**, and guarantee **safe**\n**passage** for civilians fleeing conflict zones.\n\n - Parties to the conflict must address **increased criminality** in areas under their control,\n\nincluding facilitating the **re-establishment of formal justice mechanisms** wherever feasible.\n\n - Relocation of IDPs from gathering sites located in schools must prioritize **consultation with**\n\n**IDP representatives** and other relevant stakeholders, and adhere to **protection standards** .\n\n - Efforts to **combat food insecurity** must include measures to protect **agricultural activities** by\n\nrevitalizing **crop protection committees**, demarcating **migratory routes**, and ensuring **safe**\n**disposal** of **unexploded ordnance** in agricultural areas.\n\n - Humanitarian actors should work to **combat stigma** against **gender-based violence survivors**,\n\npromoting greater access to services and ensuring that survivors can **confidently seek**\n**recovery support.**\n\n\n**FINANCIAL INFORMATION**\nAs of December 2024\n\n\n**Special thanks to our donors including major donors of unearmarked contributions to UNHCR**\n\n\nAustralia | Austria | Belgium | Canada | Central Emergency Response Fund | China | Conflict-Related\nSexual Violence MPTF | Denmark | European Union | Finland | France | Germany |\nIntergovernmental Authority on Development | Ireland | Italy | Japan | Liechtenstein | Luxembourg |\nMastercard Foundation | Monaco | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Republic of Korea | Saudi Arabia\n| Spain | Sudan Humanitarian Fund | Sweden | Switzerland | The Big Heart Foundation | United Arab\nEmirates | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | UNICEF | United Nations\nPeacebuilding Fund | United States of America | USA for UNHCR and Private Donors Worldwide |\nWorld Diabetes Foundation\n\n### **CONTACT**\n\n**UNHCR Sudan External Relations Unit** [| Email : sudkhextrel@unhcr.org](mailto:sudkhextrel@unhcr.org)\n\n### **LINKS**\n\n[X (Twitter): UNHCR Sudan (@UNHCRinSudan) | Facebook: UNHCR Sudan](https://twitter.com/UNHCRinSudan)\n[Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCRinSudan)\n[https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/sudan | Operational Data](https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/operations/sudan)\n[Portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/sdn)\n\n\n12 UNHCR / January 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e7887cf4-f9d0-4258-8851-0d3e0b4e039a/UNHCR%20Sudan%20IDP%20Response%20Quarterly%20Q2%20-%20Q4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_712/raw/doc_712_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_712/raw/doc_712_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9b2792b84db0e716262683b27286b42fa6e1d27e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_712/raw/doc_712_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS** **ON FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS**\n\n## **ON THE REQUEST OF THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL\u2019S** **HIGH-LEVEL PANEL ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT**\n\nIn August 2020, UNHCR conducted nine focus groups with internally displaced persons (IDPs) of different\nage and gender residing in the central, southern and western Ukraine. Students; displaced families raising\nchildren with disabilities; individuals representing IDP-led small-scale NGOs (communities); elderly who are\ndependent on social assistance/pension from the state; Crimean Tatars (discussions with men and women\ntook place separately); Roma; IDPs residing in collective centers took part in the discussion. One group\nwas with representatives of local authorities from Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Ternopil, Kherson and Kyiv\noblasts. In total, 37 males and 48 females participated in these discussions.\n\n\nFindings of the focus groups demonstrated that IDPs in the central, southern and western Ukraine continue\nto have needs related to their displacement. IDPs feel that there is little attention to their needs from the\nside of multiple donors, international and non-governmental organizations.\n\n\n\uf0a1 IDPs\u2019 primary concern remains sustainable housing (be it social provided by local authorities or\npossibility to obtain housing through different financial programs). Now that IDPs in Ukraine have been\ngranted an opportunity to vote in elections of all levels, the lack of housing is main barrier to integration.\nWith the need to allocate resources for COVID-response, the government reviewed the State Budget\nin March 2020 and cut expenses on all housing programs (such as affordable housing program and\nlow-interest rate loans for IDPs), with one exception of a program that provides subventions to local\nauthorities to offer social housing. Elderly IDPs who would not be able to obtain housing are eager for\nthe elaboration of social housing programs and are ready to cover utility bills.\n\n\n\uf0a1 Most groups did not mention any problems related to personal security in host communities apart from\npsychological pressure caused by permanent risk of eviction either form rented apartments or from\ncollective centers. Roma IDPs, however, feel there is variety of attitude from very cautious to hostile\nfrom local population due to widespread bias. They feel multiple layers of discrimination due to their\ndisplacement, ethnicity and at times age and gender aspects. Other groups felt that mass media\ndepicted IDPs negatively which might undermine social cohesion. All groups said that they felt\ndiscriminated against because the authorities treat IDPs differently when it comes to the provision of\nsocial services; IDPs have additional requirements for receiving social benefits, and other citizens are\nnot under such level of scrutiny. IDPs who receive social payments and pensions from the state must\nuse the state-run Oshchadbank for financial services.\n\n\n\uf0a1 Maintaining good relations with local residents is important. This may be achieved through joint cultural,\nsport or other innovative events supported by both displaced and local population. Displaced Crimean\nTatars noted the importance of preserving their identity during such events. This is where support to\ncommunity-based organizations and their activities was noted positively.\n\n\n\uf0a1 Most groups acknowledged importance of common efforts to make their voice heard by the authorities.\nEffectiveness of individual inquiries and official letters is assessed as low. In contrast, personal visits\nto local authorities proved their efficiency. Many participants informed that they or their friends\nestablished/participated in NGOs; some have joined civic councils (established at local authorities) to\nrepresent the displaced community in dialogue with authorities and raise issues faced by IDPs. This\napproach is of extreme importance for representing IDPs of Roma ethnicity and elderly displaced\npersons who may face difficulties in explaining their problems themselves and need support of\nintermediaries. In parallel, the groups demonstrated low awareness on available feedback/complaint\nmechanisms. Students had demonstrated low awareness with regard to where turn for legal assistance.\nThis may be explained by their low level of trust that the authorities will address their complaints; the\nresult is that existing complaint mechanisms are ineffective.\n\n\n\uf0a1 Most groups observe lack of coordination between state and local authorities, international and nongovernmental organizations involved in IDP-related issues. They witness no networking and no\n\n\nUNHCR 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/058d4331-b0fe-3547-8e22-1d2f5cf1fdf3/UNHCR%20Summary%20Report%20to%20High-Level%20Panel%20on%20internal%20displacement_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "on IDP protection and referrals to relevant actors are noted positively. The groups called for direct\ncommunication between IDPs and stakeholders involved in IDP protection to be based on \u201cnothing for\nus without us\u201d principle.\n\n\n\uf0a1 The groups faced difficulties with understanding \u201cpeacebuilding\u201d and \u201chumanitarian-development\nnexus\u201d. As IDPs do not face specific security issues caused by the fact of displacement, they were\nthinking more of peacebuilding in the territories from which they were displaced. That is why almost\nevery group was stating that peace is important, but in their particular locality no need for peacebuilding\nactivities was identified. Alternative interpretation of \u201cpeacebuilding\u201d was linked to prevention of hate\nspeech bias.\n\n\n\uf0a1 The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in additional difficulties for participants. While elderly IDPs noted lack\nof social contacts and meetings in person, displaced students said they lacked access to distance\nlearning, as they often do not have funds for purchasing personal tablets/computers. Distance learning\nvia smartphones causes extra harm to their eyesight. Persons with disabilities and their caregivers face\nadditional obstacles in accessing healthcare facilities due to transport restrictions and limited capacity\nof doctors to conduct regular checkups. Most groups have full and equal access to information on\nCOVID-related preventive measures and updates. In parallel, elderly IDPs faced some difficulties in\nobtaining flash updates due to lack of digital literacy. TV broadcast and newspapers may provide news\nwith some delays. Apart from this, IDPs remain invisible for host communities, as under Ukrainian law,\nIDPs are not considered local residents. As a result, they are not included in local government\u2019s\nprograms and budget allocations do not include them in the calculations. Consequently, local\nauthorities did not include vulnerable IDPs into their distribution lists of free of charge food parcels. In\nparallel, representatives of local authorities do not acknowledge any specific troubles or difficulties for\nIDPs, as formally IDPs do not face additional obstacles in accessing services in need.\n\n\n\uf0a1 In \u201cmiscellaneous\u201d section the groups reinforced the message on increasing and diversifying housing\nsolutions and employment opportunities for IDP students, elderly and others. Apart from this, they noted\nbusiness education opportunities, access to bank services, health care services and infrastructure.\nFrom the strategic point of view, the groups highlighted the importance of restoring Ukrainian territorial\nintegrity and introducing a single coordination mechanism for all IDP-related activities with involvement\nof humanitarian and development actors, where central authority would play a leading role.\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/058d4331-b0fe-3547-8e22-1d2f5cf1fdf3/UNHCR%20Summary%20Report%20to%20High-Level%20Panel%20on%20internal%20displacement_ENG.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_713/raw/doc_713_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_713/raw/doc_713_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 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\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c\n\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443.\n\n\n\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044e \u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c\n\u0442\u0430/\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e.\n\n\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\n[ukrki@unhcr.org.](mailto:ukrki@unhcr.org)\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a685c724-3493-3d96-861c-28c15866de07/UNHCR%20Summary%20Report%20to%20High-Level%20Panel%20on%20internal%20displacement_UKR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_714/raw/doc_714_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_714/raw/doc_714_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 069d18cf7893bc2aec15f649c72940a0af1a246d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_714/raw/doc_714_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,154 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SUPPORTING CONTINUED ACCESS TO EDUCATION DURING COVID-19** **Emerging Promising Practices** **Issue 2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "education institutions around the world, with schools and universities remaining closed for\n[three months or more in some places. UNESCO reports that as of mid-June 2020, over 67.7%](https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/globalcoalition)\n(1.18 bn learners) of all those enrolled in education programmes are still affected by school\nclosures. In many of the countries in which UNHCR works, schools and universities either\ncontinue to be closed or are not operating at full capacity. During this time refugee learners\nand teachers have had to adapt to new learning modalities to ensure that learning continues.\nAt the same time, Ministries of Education and other actors are looking ahead and thinking\nabout how to make schools safe for re-opening and how to compensate for the loss in learning\ntime.\n\nIn this edition of \u201c **Emerging promising practices** \u201d we highlight the efforts that UNHCR and\npartners have taken to support refugee learners and students to continue their education and\nto support families and caregivers who have had to temporarily assume the role of teachers.\nInitial indications from needs assessments show that refugee families often lack the hardware\nneeded to have meaningful access to national distance and connected education programmes\nimplemented by governments. Continued disruption to learning and difficulties accessing\nservices puts the gains made in refugees\u2019 access to education at risk.\n\nAs schools begin to re-open in some countries, sometimes only for specific grades or in\nselected areas, many adaptations have to be made to the way in which schools are organized\nand operate to ensure better hygiene and implement physical distancing requirements.\nSchools in areas where refugees live often have poor infrastructure and are located in areas\nwhere access to water is not guaranteed and where classrooms are over-crowded. With the\nsupport of key donors and government authorities, efforts are being made to improve the\nquality of water and sanitation facilities at schools in refugee camps and hosting areas.\n\nIn addition, preparations for the safe re-opening of schools must also consider how to best\nsupport refugee students who may have fallen behind as a result of not being able to learn\nduring school closures \u2013 additional classes, catch-up programmes and tailored support may be\nneeded. The continued use of a mixed modalities for instruction that combine both in-school\nlearning and the use of different materials and programmes for home-based learning offer an\nopportunity for elevating the quality of educational opportunities available to refugees.\n\nA cornerstone of UNHCR\u2019s education response has been its commitment to embed responses\nwithin national frameworks and work alongside other actors to ensure a harmonized response.\nUNHCR has contributed to the framework for the re-opening of schools issued jointly with\n[UNESCO, UNICEF, the World Food Programme and the World Bank and the \u201cSafe Back to](https://educationcluster.app.box.com/v/Safeback2schoolGuide)\n[School Guide\u201d endorsed by the Global Education Cluster and Child Protection Area of](https://educationcluster.app.box.com/v/Safeback2schoolGuide)\nResponsibility.\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.9964894652366638, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.971933126449585, - "start": 198, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "One of the lessons learnt from the response prevention measures conducted by UNHCR\u2019s\nto the Ebola crisis was the importance of health partner FAIRMED and were provided\nensuring that communities remain informed with personal protective equipment. They act\nabout educational opportunities, school re- as community outreach facilitators and go\nopening and the epidemic. UNHCR, its door to door visiting refugee and host\npartners, and DAFI (higher education) community families where they explain and\nscholarship holders have been actively translate official information printed in\nengaged in providing essential information to French and English into local languages\ncommunities. (Sango, Arabic, Lingala, Foufould\u00e9 and\n\nHaousssa), distribute hygiene items,\n\nIn **Cameroon**, a group of university students demonstrate handwashing techniques and\nhas come together to share information and share information about positive hygiene\nsupport communities in Yaound\u00e9. The group behaviours that can help limit the\nof 20 DAFI scholarship holders (8 women and transmission of COVID-19. House visits have\n12 men) received training on COVID-19 been conducted to 43 families to date.\n\n## **Promoting the Continuation of Learning During School Closures**\n\n\n**SUPPORTING PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS**\n\nOne of the features of the COVID-19 home. Shortly after the decision to\nresponse has been the extent to which face- temporarily close all schools and educational\nto-face teaching has been suspended. institutions nationwide was announced, the\nGovernments and schools have adopted a Refugee Relief and Repatriation\nvariety of solutions so that children and youth Commissioner (RRRC) issued a directive to\ncan continue learning while having to stay at also close learning centres in camps. UNHCR\nhome. These solutions have included the use and its partners are sharing guidance notes\nof internet-based materials, online with caregivers and parents that contain\ncommunications platforms and virtual detailed instructions for both parents and\nclassrooms, broadcast technologies and children on ways to ensure that learning\ndistribution of printed materials. Parents continues at home. These notes direct\naround the world, including refugee parents, parents and caregivers to the pages in the\nhave had to assume responsibility for workbooks used by children and cover four\nsupporting their children\u2019s learning. In main subjects (Burmese, English,\nsituations where parents are not literate in Mathematics and life skills) across different\nthe language of instruction or have educational levels (Early Childhood\nthemselves had limited educational Development (ECD), primary and secondary).\nopportunities, this can be especially The notes also contain stories and\nchallenging. instructions for making toys using commonly\n\navailable household items. Information about\n\nIn **Bangladesh**, UNHCR has been working the learning programme and materials is also\nwith parents and caregivers to enable them to disseminated using mosque loudspeakers.\nbetter support their children in learning at\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In **Kenya**, a WhatsApp-based\ncommunications tree is used to share\ninformation about remote learning\nopportunities for both learners from refugee\nand host communities and to counter\nmisinformation about COVID-19. The system\nshares information about educational\nresources with teachers and learners, as well\nas disseminating information about COVID19. Information can be cascaded from\nUNHCR, the Ministry of Education (MoE),\nand NGO partners to head teachers and then\nto 1,182 teachers. These teachers, in turn,\n\n\n\nIn **Kenya**, a WhatsApp-based share information and learning activities with\ncommunications tree is used to share learners and their community networks.\ninformation about remote learning Using this methodology, lesson notes,\nopportunities for both learners from refugee revision materials, and holiday assignments\nand host communities and to counter have been disseminated. Advice supporting\nmisinformation about COVID-19. The system and mentoring teachers and surveys for\nshares information about educational teachers have also been shared using the\nresources with teachers and learners, as well communications tree. The system also allows\nas disseminating information about COVID- for a two-way flow of information and is also\n19. Information can be cascaded from capable of receiving complaints and queries\nUNHCR, the Ministry of Education (MoE), from teachers and families.\nand NGO partners to head teachers and then\nto 1,182 teachers. These teachers, in turn,\n\n\n**SUPPORTING TEACHERS TO ADAPT TO NEW WAYS OF TEACHING**\n\nIn **Malawi**, UNHCR and Jesuit Refugee students in their final year of primary school\nServices (JRS) provided training to nine who were in the process of preparing for the\nprimary school teachers on the fundamentals Primary School Leaving Examination when\nof using radio broadcasting to support schools closed. The examinations were\nlearning and deliver lessons using community originally scheduled to late place on 10 May,\nradio. Teachers are now applying this training but were postponed by the Ministry of\nand are delivering revision sessions using the Education Science and Technology (MoEST).\nYetu community radio station for 234\n\n\n\nstudents in their final year of primary school\nwho were in the process of preparing for the\nPrimary School Leaving Examination when\nschools closed. The examinations were\noriginally scheduled to late place on 10 May,\nbut were postponed by the Ministry of\nEducation Science and Technology (MoEST).\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7399876713752747, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "teachers", - "confidence": 0.5377264022827148, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The digital divide has a profound impact on\nrefugee students who often have the least\naccess to the hardware and connectivity\nneeded to access many of the learning\nsolutions that have been put in place. A\nnumber of UNHCR operations have been\nworking to provide refugees with the tools\nneeded to have access to learning platforms\nthat have been helping children and youth\ncontinue learning during institutional\nclosures.\n\nUNHCR **Malawi** distributed 500 radios to\nprimary students to enable them to listen to\n\nIn **Mali**, UNHCR and its partners have\n\nlesson broadcasts delivered as part of the\n\nprovided 11,000 refugee, IDP and host\n\nPrimary Emergency Radio Education\n\ncommunity children with solar powered\n\nProgramme initiated by the MoEST. The\n\nradios and school kits. A total of 12 schools\n\ndistribution of radios is also helping 233\n\nhave been equipped with water pumps and\n\nsecondary students \u2013 who are in the\n\n405 hand washing kits have been provided in\n\nexamination year \u2013 access the radio lesson\n\n135 schools. Improvements to infrastructure\n\nprogramme broadcast using the community\n\nhave been made in 10 schools with the\n\nradio station.\n\nconstruction of 30 classrooms and 40\nlatrines, and 72 teachers in 12 schools are\n\nIn **Croatia**, UNHCR worked with the Ministry\n\nbeing trained in hygiene and safe sanitation,\n\nof the Interior to provide laptops and a\n\nas well as Mental Health & Psychosocial\n\ntelevision set to school children and\n\nSupport (MHPSS).\n\nunaccompanied and separated minors in\nreception centres so they can follow online\nlessons and education broadcasts.\n\n\n\n\n\nIn **Mali**, UNHCR and its partners have\nprovided 11,000 refugee, IDP and host\ncommunity children with solar powered\nradios and school kits. A total of 12 schools\nhave been equipped with water pumps and\n405 hand washing kits have been provided in\n135 schools. Improvements to infrastructure\nhave been made in 10 schools with the\nconstruction of 30 classrooms and 40\nlatrines, and 72 teachers in 12 schools are\nbeing trained in hygiene and safe sanitation,\nas well as Mental Health & Psychosocial\nSupport (MHPSS).\n\n\n\nWith the support of a private sector partner,\nUNHCR in the **Russian Federation** donated\n130 mobile phones for use by children in\nasylum-centres to support access to\neducational programmes.\n\n\nIn **Malaysia**, UNHCR partners distribute\nlearning materials and worksheets when they\ndeliver food assistance to refugee families.\nCompleted worksheets are collected and\nreplaced with new ones when the following\nround of assistance is delivered.\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In N\u2019Djamena, **Chad**, a tutoring programme is\nassisting 106 refugee and Chadian students\n(49 girls and 57 boys) to prepare for the\nChadian Baccalaureate exam. This\nprogramme started in 2019, supported by the\nYouth Initiative Fund. Tutoring sessions had\ninitially taken place at the Study Centre at the\nUNHCR office in N\u2019Djamena. Following the\nintroduction of physical distancing\nrequirements, these sessions now take place\none-to-one at refugees\u2019 homes.\n\nThe 25 tutors (5 women and 20 men)\nreceived a training session via WhatsApp and\nare each supplied with a washable facemask,\nand receive a small amount of funding to\ncover transportation costs. Two of the tutors\nserve as focal points and manage dispatching\ncandidates to their locations. Each tutor has a\nmonitoring sheet and UNHCR Chad and JRS\nto ensure they get the support they need.\n\nIn **Eastern Chad**, despite a lack of radio\ncoverage and resources in refugee camps,\nheadmasters and teachers of lower and upper In **Cameroon**\nsecondary classes are going the extra mile to delayed due to school closures. To help\nensure the continuity of education. With the primary and secondary students (32 girls and\nsupport from UNHCR and JRS, they are 18 boys) in the examination year get ready for\nproviding homework and home classes to their return to school on June 1 and sit the\nabout 4,000 Sudanese and Chadian students examinations, the 21 youth from the \u201cGirls\n(55% of whom are women) who are preparing Leadership Group\u201d and the DAFI Cameroon\nfor national exams. Each week, students Club have assisted them with distance\nreceive exercises to complete at home and learning during the quarantine period.\nthen return to their teachers. Home classes\nare also being organized with a small number\nof students gathering together to attend a\nlesson.\n\n\n\n\n\nIn **Cameroon**, final examinations have been\ndelayed due to school closures. To help\nprimary and secondary students (32 girls and\n18 boys) in the examination year get ready for\ntheir return to school on June 1 and sit the\nexaminations, the 21 youth from the \u201cGirls\nLeadership Group\u201d and the DAFI Cameroon\nClub have assisted them with distance\nlearning during the quarantine period.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cI\u2019ve always been passionate about teaching.**_\n\n_**Sharing my experience while respecting**_\n_**COVID-19 restrictions, is improving the**_\n_**chances of those young refugees to succeed in**_\n\n_**the national exam.\u201d**_\n\n\n(Mahamat, Chadian student)\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "School closures not only disrupt learning, but with tools and strategies to foster social\nalso the support services that are provided inclusion and prevent xenophobia. This\nthrough schools, such as school feeding and initiative is implemented in coordination with\npsycho-social support. Globally, thousands of local authorities and 20 prioritized\nrefugee children are missing out on school educational institutions and assists\nmeals on which their families relied, and Venezuelan refugee children and adolescents\nwhich were an important defence against and their families, as well as host\nfood insecurity. communities.\n\nIn **Colombia**, UNHCR\u2019s partner \u201cOpci\u00f3n In **Malawi,** UNHCR distributed take-home\nLegal\u201d adapted its existing programme,\n\nrations to the families of 300 pre-primary\n\n\u201cPedagog\u00eda y Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y la\n\nstudents and 4,633 primary students from\n\nJuventud Migrante y Refugiada Venezolana\u201d,\n\nmid-April to early June **.** The initiative was\n\nto provide virtual orientation and\n\ninformed by the Ministry of Education,\n\npsychosocial support to students and their\n\nSciences and Technology (MoEST) guidelines\n\nfamilies during the COVID-19 crisis. This\n\non distribution of school feeding during\n\ninitiative is implemented in coordination with\n\nCOVID-19 school closures Parent Teacher\n\ngovernment and educational institutions and\n\nAssociations (PTAs) from both refugee and\n\nsupports refugee children, adolescents and\n\nhost communities, UNHCR partner\n\nfamilies in Medell\u00edn and Bogot\u00e1.\n\norganization and government officials from\nthe Ministry of Health facilitated distribution.\n\nA virtual platform has been set up to equip\napproximately 100 teachers in Cartagena\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR **Niger** and its partner COOPI are\norganizing capacity-building activities for\neducational staff employed in education\ncentres in the Diffa region. Eight information\nsessions were carried out on the transmission\nof the virus and barrier measures to mitigate\nits spread in April and May. These discussion\nand information sessions were attended by\n49 educational staff (39 secondary school\nteachers, five librarians and five tutors).\n\nWith the reopening of schools and\nresumption of classes in Ogoja, **Nigeria**,\n\n\n\nUNHCR and its partners are taking\nprecautions to make schools as safe as\npossible. A refugee-led community-based\norganization is providing students with water\nand locally-made soap during lessons. In\naddition to contributing to a safe return to\nschool, this initiative, which is carried out\nwithin the refugee settlements and hosting\ncommunities, serves as platform to sensitize\nand keep community members updated on\nissues related to COVID-19.\n\n\n## **Tertiary Education adapts in light of COVID-19**\n\nIn **Malawi** the implementation of the Digital\nInclusion Programme was disrupted by the\nclosure of education institutions. This\nprogramme is one of several tertiary learning\nopportunities that helps refugee youth students\nresiding in the Dzaleka refugee camp develop\ndigital skills and join the labour market as\nonline freelancers. Laptops, data bundles and\nWi-Fi devices were distributed to the top 15\nstudents and six teachers to enable the\nremote continuation of the programme.\n\n\n\nIn **Malawi** the implementation of the Digital Shortly after universities shut their doors,\nInclusion Programme was disrupted by the UNHCR\u2019s education partner in Malawi, Jesuit\nclosure of education institutions. This Worldwide Learning (JWL), made available\nprogramme is one of several tertiary learning internet data and laptops for 102 university\nopportunities that helps refugee youth students enrolled in Regis University\nresiding in the Dzaleka refugee camp develop programmes, and 34 students enrolled in the\ndigital skills and join the labour market as Southern New Hampshire University AA/BA\nonline freelancers. Laptops, data bundles and programmes to ensure they are able to access\nWi-Fi devices were distributed to the top 15 online lessons. Students are also receiving\nstudents and six teachers to enable the extra academic support from teachers\nremote continuation of the programme. through online platforms such as Google\n\nClassroom, Zoom and electronic mail.\n\n## **DAFI students support communities and use skills** **to enable others to continue learning**\n\nDAFI students around the world are turning the programme, with each student\nsolidarity into action by helping fellow committing to giving back to the communities\nrefugees and host communities protect around them. During the COVID-19\nthemselves and curb the potential spread of pandemic many current and past scholarship\nCOVID-19. One of the hallmarks of the DAFI holders have sought to assist others and to\nhigher education scholarship programme is help younger children continue their\nthat community service is a key element of education.\n\n\n\nthe programme, with each student\ncommitting to giving back to the communities\naround them. During the COVID-19\npandemic many current and past scholarship\nholders have sought to assist others and to\nhelp younger children continue their\neducation.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In **Zambia**, DAFI Club members have joined\nforces to raise funds to combat COVID-19\nand are contributing to the delivery of health\nand hygiene supplies. They have made\navailable part of their savings and donated a\nnumber of items (280 face masks, three hand\nwashing basins and three cases of soap) to\nrefugee families who found shelter at Makeni\nTransit Centre in Lusaka. As social distancing\nis nearly impossible within Makeni Transit\nCentre and families lack sanitation and\nhygiene items, this action has made a big\ndifference.\n\nIn **Kenya**, Adhieu, a DAFI scholarship holder,\nhas sewed over 2,000 face masks and\nproduced over 3,000 bars of soap for\ndistribution in refugee camps. \u201cI know the\nstruggle and hardship the refugees go\nthrough\u201d says Adhieu \u201cI know many refugees\ncan\u2019t afford masks or soap. That\u2019s why I took\nit upon myself to help refugees protect\nthemselves\u201d. Together with other South\n\n\n\nSudanese students who found refuge in\nKenya, Adhieu is also exploring the possibility\nof developing medical ventilators to be\ndistributed in refugee camps in Kenya and\nsent to South Sudan.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and UN Volunteers raised 720,000 XOF\n(equivalent to 1,187 USD) for vulnerable\nrefugee families living in Dakar. The funds\nwere used to purchase basic food items such\nas rice, oil and sugar, as well as health and\nhygiene items such as soap, masks, detergent\nand hand sanitizer for 25 vulnerable\nhouseholds (composed of 107 members),\nmany of which are women-headed\nhouseholds. To support refugee-led\nbusinesses in the COVID-19 times, one third\nof the masks distributed were purchased\nfrom two refugee tailors.\n\n\nFor more information and enquiries, please contact:\n**UNHCR, Education Section**\n\nUN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark\nhqeduc@unhcr.org\n[www.unhcr.org/education](http://www.unhcr.org/education.html)\n\n\n\nIn **Morocco**, with the support of UNHCR and\nits partner Foundation Orient-Occident\n(FOO) and in collaboration with various\ncommunity networks and parents, 15 DAFI\nstudents have volunteered to conduct online\ncourses in Mathematics, Science, Arabic, and\nFrench. Through this initiative, they reached\nand supported around 340 children enrolled\nin lower secondary and high school. DAFI\nstudents have also set up WhatsApp groups\nto provide peer support on language learning.\nTwo DAFI students also participated in a\nradio broadcast to highlight the importance\nof education and promote learning during\nschool closures due to COVID-19.\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Education Section / July 2020 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a3a41ddc-d839-3ef9-9594-fea79c3a7515/UNHCR%20Supporting%20Continued%20Access%20to%20Education%20During%20COVID-19%20-%2008JUL20-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_715/raw/doc_715_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_715/raw/doc_715_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73348bed928d31d8385ab23b248a44bee1d52699..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_715/raw/doc_715_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Creation of education opportunities and facilitation of labour inclusion of the Roma refugees in Moldova\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The project will primarily target\n\n\n\uf0d8 Roma children\n\uf0d8 their parents and\n\uf0d8 adults looking for employment\n\n\nas well as the entire Roma refugee community\nand local Roma community to certain extent.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The project will contribute to:\n\n\n- advocacy\n\n- capacity building\n\n- engagement and inclusion of Roma refugees so that that\nthey are informed and empowered to gain full access to\ntheir rights and equitable access to services.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These objectives will be achieved by implementing\nactivities in four main areas:\n\n\n**1.** **education opportunities**\n\n\n**2.** **labour inclusion**\n\n\n**3.** **The Roma Task Force co-chairing**\n\n\n**4.** **Competence building for T\u0103rn\u0103 Rom**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. Education opportunities**\n\n\nImprovement of educational background and facilitation\nof inclusion in formal education of Roma children will be\nachieved through capacitating the counting skills,\nreading and writing.\n\n\nWe aim to open literacy classes in 5 locations:\n\n- RAC from Glodeni city,\n\n- RAC from Ungheni city,\n\n- RAC from Cojushna village,\n\n- RAC from Costeshti village,\n\n- RAC from Chisinau mun. on Testemitianu street.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Labour inclusion**\nThe work will be focused on coordination and\nestablishment of working relations, information sharing\nand referrals with the National Employment Agency ANOFM and potential employers in the pilot regions of\nthe Republic of Moldova.\n\n\nAn important part of this activity will be consultations\nwith the Roma communities on their labor preferences\nand capacities, as well as linking them with potential\nemployers and other actors, which can provide tangible\nsupport and capacity building.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. The Roma Task** **Force** **co-chairing**\nIn order to ensure better understanding of issues faced by\nRoma refugees, improved information sharing and\ncoordination of the response activities, Tarna Rom will cochair the Roma Task Force within the Refugee\nCoordination Forum. Chairing of the Task Force will be\ndivided between INERSOS and Tarna Rom.\n\n\nThe work of the Task Force is focused around advocacy,\ncombating discrimination, ensuring fulfilment of rights,\ninclusion and empowerment of Roma displaced and local\ncommunities. Follow up on the individual cases is also\nensured through the Task Force.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **Competence building for T\u0102RN\u0102** **ROM** aims:\n\n\n- to ensure congruence with international protection\nstandards, organizational development and\n\n- to ensure sustainability of the project\n\n- to build competency and capacity of Tarna Rom and its\nmembers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thank you for attention!\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/697fcfef-1525-4c40-b6e5-08a1e3a3a9a1/UNHCR%20TR%20Project%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_716/raw/doc_716_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_716/raw/doc_716_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 03d158027ba04a24878f91880e271050b11ba659..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_716/raw/doc_716_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,774 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# UGANDA KNOWLEDGE BRIEF\n\nUSING SOCIOECONOMIC DATA TO PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS FOR\nREFUGEES IN UGANDA\n\n\n_This brief was authored by Theresa Beltramo, Jed Fix and Ibrahima Sarr, UNHCR. The opinions expressed herein_\n_are the authors\u2019 own. They do not necessarily represent the views of UNHCR. The authors would like to thank_\n_Lilian Achieng Otiego, Charles Alemi, Miriam Malmqvist David Githiri, Peter Waita, Stefanie Krause, Damalie_\n_Zalwago, Jerry Grants Anyoli, Gerald Peter Emoyo, Mary Hanlon, and Vick Ikobwa from UNHCR Uganda; Yonatan_\n_Araya, Anna Gaunt, M\u00e9lina Djre, and Sophia Mbui-Wanjigi from UNHCR Regional Bureau Nairobi; and Craig_\n_Loschmann, Rebecca Ong, and Benoit d'Ansembourg from UNHCR/DRS for their thoughtful contributions._\n\n\n_Empowering young refugees and local youth with job skills at the Sweswe vocational training centre in Kyaka II_\n_Refugee Settlement, south-west Uganda \u00a9 UNHCR/Duniya Aslam Khan_\n\n\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\nBetween 1992 to 2013, the percentage of Ugandan households living in poverty was halved. Despite\nthe tremendous advances in poverty reduction, a recent economic slowdown and a sharp increase in\nyouth entering the workforce have contributed to weak growth in the labour market. It is against this\nbackdrop that the country\u2019s more than 1 million refugees seek their livelihoods.\n\n\nJust 29 percent of refugees in Uganda are actively working versus 64 percent of host communities.\nEven after considering differences in age, gender and education, refugees are 35 percentage points\nless likely than Ugandan nationals to be employed. This is more than double the 17 percentage-point\nemployment gap between refugees and nationals in Europe (Fasani, Frattini, and Minale 2018). A more\nrecent study confirmed that refugee employment levels in Uganda are surprisingly low compared with\nUgandan nationals or with refugees in neighbouring Kenya (Betts and al. 2019).\n\n\nSignificant gaps also exist for labour force participation and unemployment rates among refugees in\nUganda. Working-age refugees are 27 percentage points less likely to participate in the labour market\nthan host community members (42 percent and 69 percent, respectively) and 24 percentage points\nmore likely to be unemployed (31 percent and 7 percent, respectively). This is particularly true among\nyouth (age 14-25 years), where 50 percent of refugee males and 41 percent of females are\nunemployed, compared to 14 percent of Ugandan males and 16 percent of females.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "demonstrate some convergence relative to nationals, significant differences remain a decade after\narrival.\n\n\nWorking refugees are more likely than employed host community members to be poor \u2013 in part due to\ndifferences in wages received for similar skilled jobs. Among the working population, refugees are 1.75\ntimes more likely than host community members to fall below the poverty line. They earn on average 32\npercent less than Ugandan nationals with similar education.\n\n\nMany refugees accept employment that is below their skills level, education and pre-displacement\noccupation. Such professional downgrading is widely visible, especially among those with higher levels\nof education. Possible reasons include a lack of recognition of refugee qualifications and poor\ntransferability of skills and professional experience. Discrimination, inconsistency and cost of\ncompliance with local regulations as well as employers\u2019 lack of information about the legal status of\nrefugees have also been shown to contribute (Loiacono and Vargas 2019; Chang 2018). This\novereducation of refugees is costly to individuals and firms as well as to the Ugandan economy more\ngenerally. Implementing policies to address these mismatches can have positive impacts on refugees\u2019\ncontribution to the Ugandan economy.\n\n\nFor both refugee and Ugandans, younger people face more barriers to employment than older\nindividuals, though refugee youth experience more than three times higher unemployment rates than\nnationals \u2013 44 percent of refugee youth versus 14 percent of national youth are unemployed. Idle\nunemployed youth can lead to negative societal outcomes such as alcohol and drug abuse, higher rates\nof teenage pregnancy, and other extremist behaviour including violence. The negative consequences of\nextended unemployment and inactivity in early careers include financial hardship and lower\nemployment as well as lower long-term earnings prospects.\n\n\nContrary to established findings on the returns to education in employment, the education level and\nemployment rate are inversely related for both refugees and the host community, a phenomenon known\nas the puzzle of the educated unemployed. Among host community members, those who have\nsecondary education levels and some tertiary education have the highest unemployment rate of 11\npercent and 17 percent, respectively. Like hosts, refugees with secondary and some tertiary education\nhave the highest unemployment rates \u2013 at 43 percent and 35 percent, respectively. These findings\nindicate the importance of economic policies towards encouraging skilled job growth in Uganda to\naddress unemployment for those with higher education.\n\n\nWhile refugees with higher education are more likely to be unemployed, they are also more likely to be\nsearching for a job and participating in the labour market. Further we find that for both refugees and\nUgandans, higher education levels are associated with better employment outcomes. For refugees,\npaid employment is shown to increase with higher education levels, especially for people who have\ncompleted secondary education or higher. As such, it is essential to address risk factors to completing\nschool and improve the low transition rate from primary to secondary school. The transition is limited by\na number of factors, the main ones being poor performance on the primary school leaving examination\nthat is required to start secondary school; and additionally, the fact that teachers often hold students\nback from taking this exam so that they will not fail, which can lead to dropout among students due to\ndeclining motivation from lack of advancement. One solution is to assist students in increasing the\nrigour of exam preparation by providing additional courses and materials. The financial burden of school\nfees and the opportunity cost of attending school \u2013 that youth cannot work to supplement the household\nincome \u2013 are additional constraints, especially for refugees. Granting both tuition and conditional cash\ntransfers to families of students who pass the primary school leaving exam would help support refugees\nat risk of not transitioning.\n\n\nCritical to improving secondary school completion rates is making sure there is sufficient supply of\nschools, including in areas that host refugees. Further, existing secondary programmes for refugees\nhave very limited math and science curriculum, which narrows academic choices and in turn, career\noptions and lifetime earnings potential in related fields. There is a need to build infrastructure and\nfacilities that will enable math and science classes and attract teachers to less desired locations by\nexploring, with the government, the potential for increasing incentives nationally. Likewise, there is a\n\n\nUNHCR 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "distance of school from home and associated threats of violence when walking to and from school.\n\n\nWith COVID-19 causing school closures, specific actions to support the education of girls are needed\nas families are more likely to ask girls to work or enter early marriages leading to increased dropout\nrates. Sustained efforts by UNHCR and partners are needed to support second chance education\nprogrammes. Promoting the continued use of radio programmes for classes, even after schools reopen,\nand expanding digital learning in these low resource and low connectivity contexts will ensure students\nare able to maximize their learning. Non-financial incentives should be explored for teachers to improve\nmotivation and the quality of teaching in refugee settlements, including potentially room and board and\nother associated transport, as well as endowments or funds for teachers to design curriculum.\n\n\nTo improve education outcomes and secondary completion rates, UNHCR and partners should explore\nprogrammes that lower or subsidize school fees, create scholarships, and direct cash transfers to lowincome refugee families to offset the opportunity cost of the student attending school instead of working\nto provide for the family. Even those refugees who do not continue to higher education will benefit from\nbasic literacy, numeracy, language, and soft skills followed by vocational training. Additional labour\nmarket linkage programmes should be explored to improve refugee employment outcomes for all\neducation and skill levels.\n\n\nAssessing refugees\u2019 skills and facilitating jobs matching soon after arrival, as well as providing timely\ntraining to improve skills, can help refugees get a better employment start and potentially achieve\nquicker convergence in wages with hosts.\n\n\nIn the medium term, implementing a system of recognizing overseas qualifications, especially those\nfrom the region, would facilitate positive employment outcomes for both refugees and hosts. It would\nallow qualified refugees to be considered for jobs that match their skills set, improve wage equity and\nlimit poverty. It would also facilitate the movement of human capital for Ugandans as well as refugees,\nwhich could be particularly important given the country\u2019s large youth population entering the workforce\nand the comparatively slow growth in employment opportunities.\n\n\nEncouraging government and development actors to provide targeted support to small firms \u2013 including\nself-employed persons \u2013 to grow and increase profitability could increase the demand for skilled jobs.\nEnabling policy measures like improving access to financing can help the self-employed expand their\nbusinesses, which has potentially outsized positive impacts on the economy. Particularly for refugees,\ngreater access to financial capital could help account for the loss of assets due to displacement and\nconstitute a form of insurance for low revenue periods.\n\n\nWhile Uganda\u2019s generous approach to hosting refugees is well recognized, analysis of the labour\nmarket demonstrates the challenges to achieving refugees\u2019 self-reliance, even in such a liberal policy\nenvironment. Doing so will require additional investments in education, particularly in improving the\ntransition from primary to secondary school, and inherently addressing the barriers to quality education\nfor refugees and hosts, increasing access to math and science, and eliminating barriers to accessing\neducation, particularly for girls. Further, to improve labour market integration, several key activities are\nneeded, including: (i) earlier assessment of refugees\u2019 skills; (ii) early matching of these skills to the job\nmarket by providing training and jobs matching; and (iii) facilitating recognition of certificates and degree\nequivalence.\n\n\n**INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nWith over a million refugees, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting nation in the world and the\nlargest in Africa. The country has a generous open-door policy towards displaced persons and its legal\nand policy framework regarding refugees is considered one of the most progressive in the world. Most\nrefugees arrive in Uganda from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi and\nSomalia.\n\n\nAccess to gainful employment is a concern of all people living in Uganda. Statistics from 2018 show a\nrural unemployment rate of 9.9 percent and 9.1 percent in urban areas for nationals (Uganda Bureau of\n\n\nUNHCR 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "livelihoods, personal empowerment and integration into society. The lack of decent employment for\nrefugees is not only a missed opportunity to contribute to host communities, but also increases the risk\nof poverty and permanent dependence on humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nThis knowledge brief provides insight into the labour market behaviour of refugees relative to host\ncommunities through a comprehensive analysis of their labour market performance and potential for\nconvergence over time. The host population is defined as the native population in districts where\nrefugee settlements are situated. We make use of cross-sectional household data from the Uganda\nRefugee and Host Communities 2018 Household Survey (RHCS), which sampled 2,209 residential\nhouseholds, distributed geographically across 13 districts in the primary refugee hosting regions in\nUganda. As a result, the survey is representative of the refugee and host community populations of\nUganda at the national level, as well as in the regions of West Nile, the Southwest, and the city of\nKampala. To track how refugees fare relative to Ugandan nationals in the labour market, we consider\nthree primary indicators: employment rate (share of working-age population in employment or selfemployment); labour force participation rate (share of working-age population employed or seeking\nemployment); and unemployment rate (share of labour force seeking and available for employment).\nThis note generates a profile of households by employment status and identifies opportunities to\nimprove associated policies.\n\n\n**MACROECONOMIC EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT**\n\n\nIn Uganda, as elsewhere, employment strengthens during periods of economic expansion, and vice\nversa. From 2000-2017, the share of employment elasticity to growth was 0.6, suggesting that a 1\npercentage point increase in economic growth is associated with a 0.6 percentage point increase in\nemployment. The Ugandan employment elasticity of 0.6 is very close to the ideal of 0.7 (Coulibaly,\nGandhi, and Mbaye 2019) and better than the African average of 0.41.\n\n\nUganda\u2019s recent decline in economic growth has led to weaker employment rates. Annual GDP growth\nslowed from an average of 4 percent during 2000-2009 to 2 percent during 2010-2017, while the labour\nforce participation decreased from 74 percent and 68 percent, respectively. Meanwhile the country\u2019s\npopulation grew 3 percent, reaching 38.8 million in 2018, with youth making up 55 percent of the total\npopulation, the second highest proportion in the world. While latest estimates by the IMF prior to the\nCOVID-19 pandemic show better growth of 6.1 percent for fiscal year 2017/2018, the country remains\nunder pressure to create jobs to keep up with its growing population. The combined effect of slower\neconomic growth and high population growth has contributed to significantly lower labour force\nparticipation, especially among youth (defined as age 14-25 years).\n\n\nEducational attainment level has an important influence on employment outcomes and the type of\nemployment. Half of Ugandan nationals with no education could only find seasonal and temporary jobs,\nwhile around 75 percent of employed people with higher education (defined as some secondary school\nor more) have more stable jobs lasting all year (IMF 2020). Despite the crucial importance of education\non job prospects, education outcomes in Uganda have deteriorated due to declines in primary and\nmiddle school completion rates, contrary to trends in neighbouring countries like Kenya and Rwanda.\nBarriers to education achievement include the inability to afford tuition (78 percent of male students and\n48 percent of female students) as well as pregnancy (40 percent of female students) (IMF 2020).\n\n\nA recent World Bank report found that Uganda will need to create more than 600,000 jobs each year\nbefore 2030 and create more than 1 million jobs each year by 2040 to keep up with the pace of young\npeople entering the labour force (Merotto, Weber, and Aterido 2018).\n\n\n_Labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently worse than those of hosts_\n\n\nDespite the favourable policy environment, the results show that refugees have worse employment\noutcomes than nationals (Table 1). Only 29 percent of refugees are actively employed versus 64\npercent in host communities, creating an employment rate gap of 35 percentage points. In contrast in\nEurope, the difference in employment rates between natives and refugees is 17 percentage points, less\n\n\nUNHCR 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Uganda\nRefugee and Host Communities 2018 Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.9580158591270447, - "start": 100, - "end": 108 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "cross-sectional household data", - "confidence": 0.9010801911354065, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.7460805177688599, - "start": 106, - "end": 108 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "RHCS", - "confidence": 0.9921795129776001, - "start": 109, - "end": 110 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6178072690963745, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9964134097099304, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8935990929603577, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5594942569732666, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "employment rate", - "confidence": 0.9602128863334656, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "share of working-age population in employment or selfemployment", - "confidence": 0.5257074236869812, - "start": 198, - "end": 206 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8677228093147278, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5184138417243958, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7791018486022949, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "labour force participation rate", - "confidence": 0.7318133115768433, - "start": 208, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "share of working-age population employed or seeking\nemployment", - "confidence": 0.6234980821609497, - "start": 213, - "end": 221 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6647405028343201, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2000-2017", - "confidence": 0.6416040062904358, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working-age population", - "confidence": 0.5370417237281799, - "start": 215, - "end": 217 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ugandan employment elasticity", - "confidence": 0.642779529094696, - "start": 320, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9080767035484314, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.914665937423706, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2000-2009", - "confidence": 0.8872568607330322, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR 4", - "confidence": 0.6793394684791565, - "start": 789, - "end": 791 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5060645937919617, - "start": 772, - "end": 773 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugee employment levels in Uganda are surprisingly low compared with Ugandan nationals or\nrefugees in neighbouring Kenya (Betts and al. 2019).\n\n\nThese differences persist when considering a second key employment indicator \u2013 the labour force\nparticipation rate. The gap in participation rates between refugees and host community members is\nsignificant at 27 percentage points (42 percent for refugees versus 69 percent rate for host community).\nEven after considering differences between refugee and host populations such as age, gender and\neducation, the gap remains sizeable at 26 percentage points.\n\n\nGender differences are also prominent when it comes to economic participation. The gender gap\namong refugees is greater than that among nationals (12 percentage points for refugees versus 9\npercentage points for host community). Variations are also evident across regions. In the West Nile\nregion, Ugandan women are 6 percentage points less likely than men to participate in the labour market\n(72 percent male versus 66 percent female), compared to 8 percentage points for refugees (37 percent\nmale versus 29 percent female). In the Southwest region, the gaps are 7 percentage points for hosts\n(74 percent male versus 67 percent female) and 13 percentage points for refugees (70 percent male\nversus 57 percent female), respectively. Surprisingly, Kampala reports the highest gender gap in labour\nforce participation: the gender gap is 26 percentage points for host (79 percent male versus 53 percent\nfemale) and 13 percentage points for refugees (70 percent male versus 57 percent female). This\ngender gap in Kampala for both communities is close to the global average gender gap of 31\npercentage points and is commonly cited as a sizeable macroeconomic loss (Dabla-Norris and Kochhar\n2019; Blecker and Seguino 2012).\n\n\nA third labour market outcome considered is the unemployment rate. Not only are refugees less likely\nthan host communities to participate in the labour market, but those who do so are less likely to find\nemployment. The refugee unemployment rate is 31 percent, which is 24 percentage points higher than\n7 percent for the host community. After considering age, gender and educational differences, the\ndifference in unemployment rates between refugees and host communities is still sizeable at 19\npercentage points.\n\n\n_Table 1: Key labour market outcomes of refugees and host communities in Uganda_\n\n\n**Refugees** **Host communities**\n\n\nEmployment rate 29 percent 64 percent\n\n\nLabour force\n42 percent 69 percent\nparticipation rate\n\n\nUnemployment rate 31 percent 7 percent\n\n\n_Higher education levels are associated with higher employment rates and paid employment_\n\n\nAs with nationals, refugees with higher levels of education have more success in the labour market. The\nsurvey data indicates that the chances of getting hired in the non-agricultural sector increases with\nhigher education levels, especially for people who have completed secondary education or have higher\neducation (Figure 1).\n\n\nMoreover, paid employment is shown to increase with higher education levels, especially for people\nwho have completed secondary or higher education. Regression results controlling for common\ndemographic characteristics confirm this finding.\n\n\nDespite the returns to secondary school education, completion rates remain low for refugees. Among\nyouth of secondary school age (between 19 and 23 years old), only 11 percent of refugees completed\nsecondary school versus 24 percent for host communities. The main reason for dropping out of school\nis the expense of tuition (63 percent for host communities versus 43 percent for refugees). For both\nrefugees and nationals, the education level of their fathers is a strong factor in children\u2019s education\nsuccess. In Uganda, children are more likely to successfully finish secondary school if their father has a\n\n\nUNHCR 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee employment levels", - "confidence": 0.6819795966148376, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Betts and al.", - "confidence": 0.9325670003890991, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6042326092720032, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8719912171363831, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender gap in labour\nforce participation", - "confidence": 0.5715413689613342, - "start": 239, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Dabla-Norris and Kochhar", - "confidence": 0.8784289360046387, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kampala", - "confidence": 0.543165385723114, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6892005205154419, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.9704127907752991, - "start": 485, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9745611548423767, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regression results", - "confidence": 0.7171480059623718, - "start": 545, - "end": 547 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6667298078536987, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to finish secondary school while 52 percent of children with secondary educated fathers do finish.\n\n\n_Figure 1: Educational attainment by employment sector and receiving wages for employment_\n\n\n_Refugees have lower labour market outcomes even a decade after arrival_\n\n\nThis section profiles refugee assimilation in terms of employment and unemployment outcomes by\ncomparing refugees with nationals using individual characteristics (education, age, gender and time of\narrival in Uganda).\n\n\nAs expected, the gap is particularly large for recent refugee arrivals. The employment rate of those with\nless than one year of residence in Uganda is 62 percentage points lower than that of nationals. Those\nwho are actively searching for a job are 64 percentage points less likely than a national to get hired\n(Figure 2).\n\n\n_Figure 2: Refugee assimilation over time_\n\n\nUNHCR 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "employment rates converge but gaps persist. After 10 years, differences in unemployment are not\nstatistically significant. [i] For employment, refugees in Uganda converge towards nationals but never\nreach parity in the labour market. This is similar to what was found in Canada for refugees (Bevelander\nand Pendakur 2014).\n\n\nWhile refugees face understandable challenges in participating in the labour market upon arrival, it is\nstriking that the gap persists over time, suggesting that refugees struggle to eliminate their initial labour\nmarket disadvantage vis-\u00e0-vis Ugandans. Potential explanations of these \u201crefugee gaps\u201d is\ndiscrimination as well as the limited recognition of foreign qualifications and refugees\u2019 limited proficiency\nin the host country\u2019s official languages (Chang 2018). Additional explanations include long periods of\nlabour market inactivity resulting from conflict and displacement due to a lack of social networks and\ndisproportionate lack of information on labour markets (Schuettler and Caron 2020). Even if refugees\nare allowed to work in Uganda, opaque regulations and the extra burden to comply with them can\ncreate a chilling effect on employing refugees. Research has shown that Ugandan firms are disinclined\nto hire refugees and seem to lack information about their legal status and specifically their right to work.\nA recent survey highlighted that just 21 percent of employers in Uganda reported knowing that refugees\nare allowed to move freely and 23 percent of employers are aware refugees have the right to work\n(Loiacono and Vargas 2019).\n\n\n_While self-employment is high among both populations, working refugees are more likely than nationals_\n_to fall below the poverty line_\n\n\nSelf-employment, which is informal in developing economies including in Uganda and tends to involve\nlower-skill activities, is high for both nationals and refugees in Uganda when compared to neighbouring\ncountries. In Uganda, the self-employment rate is 76 percent of working nationals, 72 percent of\nworking refugees, and 80 percent among youth in refugee communities. In Kenya, self-employment\nmakes up 61 percent of the total employed population, while in Rwanda the share is 68 percent.\nComparatively in the U.S. data from 2020 note that some 28 percent of Americans are self-employed\n(Forbes, 2020).\n\n\nWhile self-employment is overall higher for Ugandan nationals than refugees, there are regional\ndifferences. In Kampala, 45 percent of hosts are self-employed versus 25 percent of refugees. In the\nWest Nile, the rate is 79 percent for hosts and 75 percent for refugees. In Southwest it is 81 percent for\nhosts and 75 percent for refugees.\n\n\nThe high level of informality in the Ugandan economy, and the associated employment vulnerability,\nprovides an additional burden for refugees who have relatively less social networks or safety nets and\nassets which can be used in lean times. [ii] The data shows that among the working population, refugees\nare 1.75 times more likely than host community members to fall below the poverty line, with 28 percent\nof working refugees being considered impoverished versus 16 percent of the host community. Working\npoor refugees hold similar types of jobs as non-poor refugees who are working. However, working\nrefugees who are poor are 10 percentage points more likely to be engaged in self-employment (less\nlikely to be employed) than non-poor refugees (Figure 3).\n\n\nUNHCR 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "employment rates", - "confidence": 0.6077603101730347, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Bevelander\nand Pendakur", - "confidence": 0.7253949642181396, - "start": 52, - "end": 55 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9670166373252869, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7750634551048279, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7725973725318909, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Loiacono and Vargas", - "confidence": 0.8058760762214661, - "start": 260, - "end": 263 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9828516244888306, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8346710801124573, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8989672660827637, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "U.S. data", - "confidence": 0.967073380947113, - "start": 374, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Forbes", - "confidence": 0.9635215997695923, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "U.S.", - "confidence": 0.9085510969161987, - "start": 374, - "end": 378 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8556160926818848, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9900581240653992, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Americans", - "confidence": 0.9406603574752808, - "start": 387, - "end": 388 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8154205679893494, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5229504108428955, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6391701102256775, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_A higher number of working refugees earn less than nationals with similar skills-set_\n\n\nRefugees earn less than Ugandans and pay gaps are persistent despite education levels (Figure 4).\nMost working people in refugee and host communities have primary education (47 percent for refugees\nand 45 percent for hosts). On average refugees earn 32 percent less than host communities with similar\nskills levels. Refugees with primary education earn 33 percent less than host community members with\nthe same level of education. This increases to 50 percent less for workers with secondary degrees, and\n7 percent less for those with tertiary education. That the pay gap for refugees with secondary degrees is\nlarger is a worrying trend that may signal to refugees that pursuing secondary education does not lead\nto better pay and may be a factor discouraging pursuit of secondary school.\n\n\n_Figure 4: Pay gaps between refugees and hosts (Monthly salary in Ugandan Shilling)_\n\n\nUNHCR 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Refugees are systematically under-employed, based on skills and work history, with higher skilled_\n_workers experiencing the largest professional downgrade_\n\n\nEvidence that refugees are taking jobs that they are overqualified for so as to escape unemployment\nhighlights the inherent inequity in the labour market between refuges and hosts.\n\n\nThe phenomena of refugees accepting employment below their skill and education levels is known as\nprofessional \u201cdowngrading\u201d. To track this skills mismatch, we first compare the refugee job quality to\nthat of pre-displacement. We also study overeducation, which is a situation where a worker has a\nhigher level of education than the level required for the job. All these mismatches constitute a form of\nlabour underutilization.\n\n\nA simple regression analysis finds that the labour status of refugees in their countries of origin is not\nrelated to their subsequent employment status in the labour markets in Uganda. [iii] In general, refugees\nexperience drastic professional downgrading upon entry, with intermediate and high-skilled workers\nexperiencing the largest downgrade based on the four ISCO-08 skills level. [iv] Across skill levels\nmeasured prior to displacement, 66 percent of low-skilled refugees downgraded compared to 85\npercent of intermediate-skilled and 79 percent of high-skilled refugees (see Table 2). This might be due\nto a lack of recognition of refugee qualifications and poor transferability of refugee skills and\nprofessional experience in Uganda as suggested by Fasani et al. (2018). Further, some 65 percent of\nrefugees say they would like to be engaged in the same occupation they were before being displaced,\nwhile only 20 percent manage to do so.\n\n\nOne way to study qualifications mismatches is to focus on education mismatches using statistical\nmethods. This approach is based on the distribution of workers\u2019 education levels within each occupation\nor occupational group to determine the modal (or median) education level of all workers in the\noccupation or group (Halaby 1994; McGuinness and Sloane 2011). Thus, a person in employment is\nconsidered overeducated or undereducated if their level of education is greater or lower than the modal\nlevel of education of all employed persons in the same occupation or group of occupations.\n\n\n_Table 2: Refugee labour market trajectories before and after displacement (percent)_ _[1]_\n\n\n\n**Before**\n**displacement**\n\n\n\n**After displacement**\n\n\nNot Very low Low Intermediate High\n**Total**\nworking skilled skilled skilled skilled\n\n\n\nNot working 67.0 6.4 24.6 0.7 1.3 100.00\n\n\nVery low skilled 69.0 19.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 100.00\n\n\nLow skilled 59.0 7.3 33.3 0.1 0.2 100.00\n\n\nIntermediate skilled 83.2 0.00 2.4 8.0 6.4 100.00\n\n\nHigh skilled 46.4 8.4 21.6 2.3 21.3 100.00\n\n\nTotal 62.9 7.2 27.6 0.66 1.7 100.00\n\n\n1 The study focused on refugees who were of working age before displacement (aged 14 years or older when\nleaving their country origin).\n\n\nUNHCR 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "21 percent overeducated for their current occupation, whereas 14 percent of working refugees are\nundereducated and 36 percent overeducated. The high percentage of overeducated refugees serves as\na barometer to showcase the difficulties refugees face to find relevant jobs. There is no evidence that\narrival dates affect the likelihood of finding appropriate jobs. Thus, refugees\u2019 labour market outcomes\nare sticky over time, suggesting that the chance of finding a job more in line with the refugee\u2019s skills is\nlimited even after several years of residence in Uganda.\n\n\nBeing underemployed can have negative impacts on mental health and well-being. Hultin et al. (2016)\nand Dunlavy et al (2016) show that overeducated jobholders experience more health problems and\npsychological distress. Clark et al. (2014) find that not only is it hard for many workers to transition out\nof overeducated employment, but they are also likely to face wage penalties even after they do so.\nThese results suggest that past overeducated employment engender \u201cscarring effects\u2019 with lingering\nnegative outcomes on earnings and labour market mobility. These results highlight the important work\nof trying to match refugees\u2019 skills early upon arrival to the labour market.\n\n\n**PROFILE OF THE UNEMPLOYED**\n\n\nAmong both refugee and host communities, younger people face more barriers to employment than\nolder individuals, though refugee youth face more than three times higher unemployment rates than\nnationals \u2013 with 44 percent of refugee youth versus 14 percent of national youth unemployed. During\nthe period referenced in the survey data, youth represent 49 percent and 45 percent of the working-age\npopulation among refugees and hosts, respectively.\n\n\nFemales represent more than half of the working population in both communities (56 percent of\nrefugees and 54 percent of hosts). Among refugees, the unemployment rate of females was 26 percent\ncompared to 36 percent for males. For the host community, the corresponding rates for females and\nmales were 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively.\n\n\nAmong youth, female nationals have a higher unemployment rate than males, whereas the opposite is\nobserved for refugees. Unemployment among young Ugandan females is 15 percent compared to 12\npercent for males. Among refugees, the unemployment rate is 40 percent for females and 47 percent\nfor males (Figure 5). Idle unemployed youth can lead to negative societal outcomes including abuse of\nalcohol and drugs, higher rates of teenage pregnancy, and other extremist behaviour including violence.\n\n\n_Figure 5: Unemployment by refugee and_ _youth status_\n\n\nUNHCR 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PROFILE OF THE UNEMPLOYED", - "confidence": 0.5176800489425659, - "start": 220, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5056284070014954, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8797637224197388, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the employment rate are inversely related for both refugees and the host community, a phenomenon\nknown as the puzzle of the educated unemployed (Ginsberger and Meango 2017; De Vreyer and\nRoubaud 2013). Refugees have between two to three times the unemployment rate of nationals,\ndepending on the education level (Figure 6). Host community members who have secondary education\nand some tertiary education (labelled Tertiary) have the highest unemployment rates of 11 percent and\n17 percent, respectively. A similar pattern is observed for refugees, where unemployment is highest for\nthose with secondary education and some tertiary education at 43 percent and 35 percent, respectively.\nLower educated refugees have a lower unemployment rate.\n\n\nThis puzzle of the educated unemployed is prevalent in developing countries, in particular in Africa\n(Ginsberger and Meango 2017; De Vreyer and Roubaud 2013). This situation is explained by the failure\nor absence of policies to create skilled jobs. It is also potentially a consequence of structural adjustment\npolicies that reduced staff in the civil service, one of the largest employers of higher educated\nindividuals (De Vreyer and Roubaud 2013). Further, the low chance of getting a job offer and the lowerskilled activities involved in self-employment are also plausible explanations for the higher\nunemployment of educated individuals in Uganda (Ginsberger and Meango 2017). In addition, it is\nplausible that when individuals are aiming for employment in a neighbouring country, and to increase\ntheir chances of getting employed abroad where the returns to education are higher, individuals in\ndeveloping countries acquire more education. This leads to an increase of supply of educated workers\nin the domestic labour supply. Consequently, this creates involuntary educated unemployment in\ndeveloping countries (Stark and Fan 2011).\n\n\n_Figure 6: Unemployment and education, refugees and host communities_\n\n\n_(Note: Tertiary indicates some tertiary education attained)_\n\n\n**POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n**Overall, greater investment in education and training is needed to improve labour market**\n**outcomes.** The data suggests that the level of education required differs across economic sectors and\njob categories and that few adolescents complete secondary school, which is a critical determinant of\nfuture job quality. This calls for measures to improve education outcomes, which should support future\nlabour market outcomes.\n\n\nUNHCR 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "outcomes for all education and skill levels.\n\n\n_Policy recommendation for government_\n\n\n - As part of the ongoing review of the curriculum, include learning of core skills such as\nlanguages and provide for auxiliary introduction to vocational courses in secondary school to\nease transition to vocational training for students who may not complete secondary education.\nIn addition, encourage vocational training institutions to introduce a mix of short and long-term\ncourses to meet the needs of both older students (16 years and above) who are ready to join\nthe labour market and younger students who need a combination of general schooling and\nvocational training. This way, children are not tempted and presented with perverse incentives\nto prematurely join the labour market while too young, risking exploitation and being locked in\nlow-value jobs.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNHCR and development partners_\n\n\n - Support government with technical assistance to revise and implement the new curriculum.\n\n - Support refugees to undertake bridging programs including language courses and other soft\nskills needed to improve learners\u2019 chances of being employed by others or becoming selfemployed.\n\n\n**It is essential to address risk factors at school and improve the low transition rate from primary**\n**to secondary school.** Results from the survey show that for both refuges and Ugandans, higher\neducation levels are associated with better employment outcomes. Yet secondary school completion\nrates remain low for refugees, while that for nationals is declining. The transition to secondary school is\nlimited by several main factors, including poor performance on the primary school leaving examination\ndue to inadequate exam preparation and a poor learning environment as well as splitting their time\nbetween schooling and supporting their families to earn a living and/or perform house chores. Other\nfactors driving school dropout include the inability to afford tuition and low morale when teachers hold\nback students from taking the exam so that they will not fail.\n\n\nOverall, prevention measures taken to address risk factors associated with failure at school and early\nschool dropout can have positive impacts on employment outcomes, considering the fact that dropping\nout of school increases the likelihood of unemployment and inactivity later in life (McLaren 2003). Thus,\nthere is a need to continue strengthening the quality of the education sector for nationals and refugees.\n\n\nEnsuring equal access to quality education is crucial for addressing socioeconomic problems of\npoverty, unemployment and inequality. Among other factors affecting the quality of education is the\nlimited number of schools and poor infrastructure, especially in areas that host refugees in Uganda.\nThis has particularly affected the recruitment of math and science teachers who are already in short\nsupply and high demand. The World Bank Uganda Secondary School Expansion Program (USEP) is\nbuilding 34 secondary schools in five years which will bring the overall total to 68 secondary schools for\nrefugees by 2025. The WB USEP will help close the gap on existing infrastructure, though more needs\nto be done in both improving infrastructure and offering competitive math and science programmes.\nDue to limited infrastructure, the existing secondary programmes for refugees have very limited math\nand science curriculum which limits their career options and lifetime earnings potential in these fields.\n\n\n_Policy recommendation for government_\n\n\n - Include refugee data in Education Management Information System (EMIS) to facilitate their\neligibility for capitation grants in government aided schools in refugee hosting areas. [v] As part of\nthe investment through the World Bank IDA19 Refugee and Host Community Sub-Window,\nrefugee students will start benefiting from capitation grants. Though this will not address the\nchallenges related to the quality of schools and learning environment in refugee hosting areas.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNCHR and development partners_\n\n\n - Support provision of the required infrastructure including brick and mortar buildings needed to\naccommodate students, especially for secondary school.\n\n\nUNHCR 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9696488976478577, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6408528089523315, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8811954855918884, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "associated threats of violence and harassment when walking to and from school.\n\n - Support provision of both financial and non-financial incentives (e.g. provision of staff housing,\nsalary top-ups, etc) to attract science and math teachers to schools in refugee hosting areas.\n\n - Support provision of grants for both tuition and cash transfers to families of school-going\nchildren to ensure continuity of learning and eliminate interruptions to school due to other\nfinancial pressures of the household.\n\n - Consider provision of direct (unconditional) cash transfers to low-income refugee families to\noffset the opportunity cost of the student studying instead of working to provide for the family.\n\n\n**From a protection point of view, more specific actions targeting girls are needed to address the**\n**disproportionate risk they face in dropping out of school** . As it is common knowledge, girls face\nexceptionally high risks of dropping out of school when families are in economic and other hardships.\nAs refugees struggle with myriad challenges including limited opportunities for employment as well as\nunderemployment and less pay for those employed, girls are prone to being engaged in multiple\nresponsibilities, competing for the time they should be focusing on their schoolwork.\n\n\nThe outbreak of COVID-19 is likely to make things worse for girls as many schools have been closed\nand the economic impact on families continues to rise. According to UNESCO, more than 89 percent of\nall enrolled students are out of school because of closures due to COVID-19. This, combined with the\npandemic-induced economic downturn, will potentially increase dropout rates especially among\nvulnerable groups including adolescent girls and poor children (which frequently includes refugees).\nConsequently, this further reinforces gender gaps in education outcomes and leads to increased risk of\nsexual exploitation, early pregnancy and early and forced marriages. Sustained efforts by UNHCR and\npartners are needed to increase second chance education programmes and promote the continued use\nof radio programmes for classes even after schools reopen, and expand online learning to ensure\nstudents can maximize educational achievement. Non-financial incentives should be explored for\nteachers to improve motivation and the quality of teaching, including potentially room and board and\nother associated transport, as well as endowments or funds for teachers to design curriculum.\n\n\n_Policy recommendation for government_\n\n\n - Adopt a policy of granting a second chance for girls who become pregnant to continue with their\neducation while pregnant and/or after giving birth.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNCHR and development partners_\n\n\n - Raise awareness on the importance of girl-child education and promote reproductive health\neducation to help reduce factors that affect girls\u2019 education including teenage pregnancy and\noverburdening of school-aged girls with household responsibilities.\n\n - Support provision of boarding facilities for girls to ensure that they are protected from travelling\nlong distances while going to school, which exposes them to various forms of exploitation\nincluding sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n - Support pregnant or young mothers to balance their dual roles of being students as well as\ncare-giving mothers through:\n\n - Building of daycare facilities in secondary schools to support the continued education of\nyoung mothers\n\n - Conditional support to pregnant or young mothers who choose to continue with their\neducation.\n\n - Develop and implement an affirmative action in form of additional bursaries to girls in school.\n\n\n_**There is need to review the administrative provisions of the Immigration Act in relation to**_\n_**issuance of work permits, which presently are costly for refugees in Uganda.**_ Under the Uganda\nRefugee Act Section 29(vi), refugees are entitled to access employment opportunities and engage in\ngainful work. Under the Immigration Act and related Statutory Instruments, foreigners are required to\nobtain work permits which are issued on their passports and refugees are exempted from paying the\nfees required for the acquisition of a work permit. However, the Directorate of Citizenship and\n\n\nUNHCR 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(CTDs). Alternative documents such as refugee IDs cannot be stamped without clear policy directives\nand laws. This limits access to employment for refugees who do not hold CTDs, which in themselves\nare also not easily attained by refugees. In view of these administrative barriers, there is a need to\nengage key stakeholders to streamline procedures for the Refugee Act as well as relevant laws such as\nthe Uganda Citizenship and Immigration Control Act for effective implementation.\n\n\nFurther, only a small minority of employers (23 percent) know that refugees have a right to work in\nUganda, limiting job opportunities for refugees even further.\n\n\n_Policy recommendation for government_\n\n\n - Work with Ministry of Internal Affairs to allow granting of work permits on the basis of other\nrecognized refugee documents.\n\n\nProgrammatic recommendation for UNHCR\n\n\n - Advocate for a review of the administrative process for issuing work permits to refugees to\naccess employment.\n\n - Sensitize both refugees and potential employers on refugees\u2019 right to work\n\n\n**Enhanced focus is needed to reduce the gender gap in employment.** This brief shows that women\nface more difficulties than men in terms of accessing education and finding a job. Evidence has\nsuggested that reducing barriers for women in the workplace significantly boosts welfare and growth.\nPolicy measures should aim at reducing the education gap for women and promoting female labour\nforce participation through proactive measures to encourage firms to hire women as well as supporting\nthem to start and run businesses.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNCHR and development partners_\n\n\n - Fund focused programs that provide financial capital and capacity development to support\nenterprises t and employment opportunities for women\n\n - Promote education opportunities for girls through additional bursaries for girls in school\n\n\n**More attention should be given towards linking youth to the labour market.** This analysis shows\nthat youth in both host and refugee communities face difficulties finding jobs. The negative\nconsequences of extended unemployment and inactivity in early career include financial hardship and\nlower employment as well as lower long-term earnings prospects. As many young people leave school\nearly and have no qualifications, second chance programmes can help individuals increase their formal\neducation, obtain recognized certification and improve their chances of finding a job. Employment\ntraining should be a combination of institution-based and on-the-job training, as evidence suggests this\ncombination yields higher positive labour market outcomes for beneficiaries (Fares and Puerto 2009).\nAdditionally, the expansion and strengthening of Business, Technical and Vocational Education and\nTraining (BTVET) programmes and accreditation to include refugees should be explored. At the same\ntime, it is important to address issues relating to stigma associated with BTVETs, which in Uganda are\nperceived as the last option for individuals who are unable to cope or continue with the mainstream\neducation system.\n\n\n**In addition, assessing refugees\u2019 skills early and providing upskilling training can help refugees**\n**get better jobs and wages right from the start.** We find the employment outcome gap between hosts\nand refugees is particularly large upon arrival (62 percentage points for employment and 64 points for\nunemployment). Over time, the unemployment gap becomes narrower with years of residence in\nUganda, though it never achieves equity over time. Studies show that early investment in skills\nassessment, training and labour market integration activities can help to promote quicker convergence\nin employment. Using a standardized approach to measuring skills upon registration of refugees can\nhelp limit the time needed to match labour market skills requirements. Existing evidence suggests job\nsearch assistance programmes are associated with positive effects on employment prospects (Battisti,\nGiesing, and Laurentsyeva 2019).\n\n\nUNHCR 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration of refugees", - "confidence": 0.8011845946311951, - "start": 618, - "end": 621 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7139649391174316, - "start": 656, - "end": 657 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8921012282371521, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Advocate for a change of mindset that BTVET is only an option for individuals who fail in the\nacademic track. Instead, improving the perception of BTVET as an opportunity for individuals to\npick up employable skills and competencies relevant to the existing labour market.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNCHR and development partners_\n\n\n - Sensitize private sector organizations to the skills that refugees already have or are able to\nlearn if provided opportunities through internship, apprenticeships and/or employment.\n\n - Engage private sector organizations such as the Textile Development Agency (TEXDA),\nUganda Manufacturers Association, Private Sector Foundation-Uganda in developing skills\nprogrammes for refugees and members of the host communities to ensure that skills\ndevelopment curricula respond to the needs of the market as identified by industry leaders.\n\n\n**In the medium term, a system that recognizes overseas qualifications, especially those from the**\n**region, would facilitate positive employment outcomes for both refugees and hosts.** The analysis\nsuggest that 36 percent of employed refugees are holding a job that requires skills lower than what they\npossess. Refugees are also professionally downgrading upon arrival. The development of an effective\nsystem that recognizes refugees\u2019 past experiences as well as credentials would have a significant\nimpact in helping them identify opportunities concurrent with their skills. Cross-border or regional\naccreditation and recognition of standards would facilitate the movement of human capital for both\nUgandans and refugees; this is especially relevant as most refugees in Uganda are from neighbouring\ncountries such as South Sudan, which together with Uganda, are members of the regional blocs such\nas the East African Community (EAC) and the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD),\nwhich advocate for regional recognition of educational qualifications. Indeed, this could be particularly\nimportant for Uganda given its youth population bulge and the increasingly difficult employment\nsituation within the country. Such a measure would also be advantageous for refugees as they\neventually return to their countries of origin. It could also potentially improve equity of wages and limit\npoverty for working refugees as accrediting and equating qualifications help create a level playing field\nfor refugees in the job market.\n\n\n_Policy recommendation for government_\n\n\n - Implement the Djibouti Declaration on the Regional Conference on Refugee Education calling\nmember states to recognize and validate qualifications of refugees and returnees across all\nlevels of education and the EAC Common Market Protocol, which require Partner States to\nestablish a Single Education Area as basis for harmonizing education qualifications with the\npurpose of facilitating free movement of labour.\n\n\n_Programmatic recommendation for UNCHR and development partners_\n\n\n - Work with the Ministry of Education, Ministry of East African Community (EAC) Affairs and the\nInter-University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) and other stakeholders to speed up\nimplementation of the EAC Single Education Area.\n\n\n - Support refugees to undertake remedial courses required to attain recognition of their\nprofessional qualifications attained outside of Uganda.\n\n\n**Encouraging government and development actors to provide targeted support to small firms**\n**including self-employed refugees in ways that could increase skilled jobs.** The population in\nUganda is very entrepreneurial, as demonstrated by the large share of self-employed workers among\nboth refugees and host communities. Enabling policy measures that improve access to financing for\nentrepreneurs can help the self-employed expand their businesses. Considering the refugee population\nin particular, having greater access to financial capital may compensate for the loss of assets due to\ndisplacement and constitute a form of insurance in periods of low revenue (Schuettler and Caron 2020).\nEvidence shows that interventions such as repeated transfers or one-time grants or credits can\nefficiently improve business profitability (Schuettler and Caron 2020). Moreover, graduation-type\nprogrammes that include cash grants for business and entrepreneurship training, intensive coaching\n\n\nUNHCR 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "analysis", - "confidence": 0.5227762460708618, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6109987497329712, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8665633797645569, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Uganda (Banerjee et al. 2015; Bedoya et al. 2019).\n\n\nLastly, with regards to the puzzle of the educated unemployed, we believe that additional\nmacroeconomic and policy analysis is needed to address the inverse trend on returns to human capital\nseen for both refugees and nationals and identify key policy solutions. One explanation may be the\nfailure or absence of policies to create skilled jobs and the high level of informality in the Ugandan\neconomy.\n\n\n_Policy and programmatic recommendations government and development partners especially_\n_Development Finance Institutions_\n\n\n - Advocate for additional research to understand better:\n\n - The key drivers of the inverse relationship between education and employment among\nthe youth.\n\n - Showcase best practices for improving competitiveness and growing the private sector\nto the Government of Uganda.\n\n - Assess the best policy options in the national context in order to inform the Ministry of\nLabour\u2019s transformation plan.\n\n\n**CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\nAccess to gainful employment is a concern for all people living in Uganda. For refugees, livelihoods\nopportunities are vital to the integration into their new community, safety and protection, self-esteem\nand their empowerment.\n\n\nThis brief highlights the considerable difference in labour market participation between refugees and\nhost community members in Uganda. Moreover, refugees who are in the labour market are less likely to\nfind employment than nationals \u2013 the refugee unemployment rate stands at 31 percent, 24 percentage\npoints higher than that of the host community. Refugees systematically have jobs below their skill level\nand are paid less than nationals for doing similar jobs. In particular workers with more skills experienced\ndrastic professional downgrading upon entry and refugees on average are overeducated for most of the\nemployment they are holding, reflecting a mismatch between skills obtained before displacement and\nemployment obtained upon arrival in Uganda.\n\n\nThis overeducation of refugees is costly to individuals and firms as well as for the Ugandan economy\nmore generally. Policies addressing these mismatches can have positive overall impacts on refugees\u2019\ncontribution to the Ugandan economy.\n\n\nUnlike in developed countries, the level of education and the unemployment rate are inversely related\nfor both the refugee and host communities, although refugees have between two to three times higher\nunemployment than nationals, depending on the education level. This situation suggests the necessity\nto develop policies aiming to create skilled jobs for both refugees and host communities.\n\n\nUNHCR 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "i In comparison, refugee economic outcomes in the United States have been shown to overtake those of\neconomic immigrants after about 10 years (Cortes 2004).\n\nii Self-employment characterized by the absence of formal work arrangements and adequate social\nsecurity is found to place individuals in a heightened state of vulnerability (ILO 2010).\n\niii The authors regress the current skill job of refugees on their skill job before displacement by using an\nordered logistic regression and perform a LR test. The results suggest no effect of the previous\nemployment status.\n\niv The four ISCO-08 skill levels are based on the characteristics of tasks performed and types of skill\nrequired. For more details see ILO (2012). These categories are referred to as \u201cvery low-skilled\u201d, \u201clowskilled\u201d, intermediate-skilled\u201d, and \u201chigh-skilled jobholders\u201d.\n\n\nv Capitation grants are governmental transfers for primary school going children paid to all public and\ngovernment-aided schools in lieu of tuition fees for the following school expenditures: instructional and\nscholastic materials, co-curricular activities, school management, administration, and contingency\nexpenditure. This follows the introduction of Universal Primary Education (UPE) in Uganda in which the\ngovernment abolished payment of tuition/fees in public schools. Only children who are in EMIS are\nentitled to capitation grants, which are computed on per student basis. Thus, schools that have refugee\nstudents (who are not in EMIS) end up receiving less grant funding per capital, which in turn affect the\nquality of education in the refugee hosting areas.\n\n\n**Bibliography**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71676935-b98d-36fe-b2fb-455f46699475/UNHCR%20Uganda%20Knowledge%20Brief%20Jul2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_717/raw/doc_717_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_717/raw/doc_717_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 783390caa62aeb8e08748e072acc930cd1208033..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- 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\u0006\u0007\u0006\n\ufffd~~\n\n\n\u000e\ufffd\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\ufffd\u0015\u0016\u0017\u0011\ufffd\u0018\u0019\u0016\u001a\u001b\u0013\u001c\u001d\ufffd\u001e\u001c\u0012\u001f \u0014!\u0012\ufffd\"# \ufffd$\u001c\ufffd%\u0015\u0016&\u0014\u0016'\u0012\ufffd(\u0012\u001f \u0014!\u0012\ufffd)\u0011\ufffd\u001e\u0014*&+\u0014\ufffd$,!-\u0014\ufffd)\u0011\ufffd.\u001f\u000e\u0019!\u001c\r\u001d\ufffd/& 0\u0012\ufffd\u0015\u0012\u001f1\u001f-\u001c\u001d\u0012\u0013\ufffd2,3\u00133\u001d\u0012\ufffd(\u001f \u0014!\u0016\n4*\u0012\u00135\ufffd&,,6\u0014\ufffd7,8,3\u0013\ufffd2,3\u00133\u001d\u0012\ufffd(\u0012\u001f \u0014!\u0012\ufffd9*!\ufffd\f\r\u000e\ufffd:&\u001a\u0014\r\u001d\ufffd\u0019\u0016*\ufffd7,;\u0013; \u001d\u0012\ufffd7!\u0019,!\ufffd<&\u001b\u0012\ufffd%\u001e\u001d=\n>?@AB\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/884506c5-7855-4299-9ffd-799e8376c697/UNHCRAR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_718/raw/doc_718_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_718/raw/doc_718_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0b412e11786c76f7d02f577e37bbe7df9cc8e046..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_718/raw/doc_718_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Post Distribution Monitoring - Focus Group** **Discussions**\n\n#### **Focus Group Demographics**\n\n\n\nFocus Group Discussions (FDG) were held\nin Mafraq governorate in November 2017\nwith Syrian refugees as part of UNHCR\u2019s\nPost Distribution Monitoring efforts.\nParticipants were separated into three\ndifferent groups (Table 1). Fifty-five percent\nof the focus group participants were Syrian\nmales and 45% were Syrian females.\n\n\nTable 1: FGD Participants by Session\n\n\n**Group** **Cash Status** **Number of**\n**Participants**\n**1** Receiving Cash 10\n**2** Waiting List 13\n**3** Cancelled 11\n\n\n\nFemale Male\n\n\nFigure 1: Focus Group Discussion Participants by Gender\n\n\n#### **Findings**\n\nAcross the three FGDs, participants had one overarching concern \u2013 shelter. All participants,\nwhether receiving cash assistance or recently cancelled from assistance, were worried about\ntheir ability to pay rent and their corresponding fear of eviction. Participants, especially those\nin the cash receiving group, believed that landlords had raised their rents due to the belief that\nUNHCR was paying their rent.\n\n\nParticipants from all the FGDs called for an increase in cash assistance, for winterization to\nbe provided to all groups, including those in the waiting list, and to have UNHCR assist them\nin identifying job opportunities.\n\n\n[UNHCR Jordan - www.unhcr.org | Facebook | @UNHCRJo | www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees](http://www.unhcr.org/)\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.746009886264801, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FDG", - "confidence": 0.7707703113555908, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7849822640419006, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mafraq governorate", - "confidence": 0.9557614326477051, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6174513101577759, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9745442867279053, - "start": 43, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cc3550e-f872-312c-9faf-4ab1c532264d/UNHCRJordan-CashAssistanceFocusGroupDiscussions2017-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2017 PDM Focus Group Discussion\n\n#### **Group 1**\n\n_Cash Assistance Beneficiaries_\n\n\nShelter remains a primary concern for Syrian refugees receiving cash assistance. Participants\nreported that their main expense was rent followed by utilities and education. All of the\nparticipants stated that they fear their landlord will evict them if they don\u2019t receive monthly rent\npayments. There is a widely-held belief among the participants that landlords increased the\nrent fees for Syrian refugees because the landlords believe that UNHCR covers their\nexpenses (rent, food, and health care).\n\n\nWhen asked how helpful the cash assistance was\n\n_If cash assistance is cancelled,_\n\nto them, the majority of participants stated that the\n\n_participants stated that they would_\n\nmonthly cash assistance is barely enough to cover\n\n_have no choice but move to one of the_\n\ntheir rent. In order to pay for their other basic\n\n_camps in Jordan, move to a tent, find_\n\nneeds, participants borrow money, work irregular\n\n_irregular work, and/or beg on the_\n\njobs, sell household items, cut down on other\n\n_streets._\n\nexpenses (education and medical care expenses),\nand engage in child labour. In addition to rent and\nutilities, participants discussed how hard it is for them to pay for medical care and\ntransportation to schools. Transportation expenses were a concern because there is only one\nschool for Syrians in their area and it is expensive to travel to it.\n\n\nThe focus group discussion was held at the beginning of the winter months and participants\u2019\ndiscussed the difficulty in winter to cover heating expenses as well as other basic household\nneeds.\n\n\nParticipants who withdraw the assistance with ATM cards were not satisfied due to the lack of\nATM machines in their area. They complained about the crowds while waiting to withdraw\ntheir cash assistance and technical issues that made them unable to withdraw their\nassistance.\n\n#### **Group 2**\n\n_Cases on the Waiting list_\n\n\nThe participants on the waiting list shared a number of the same concerns as Group 1\nparticipants (current cash beneficiaries). They are concerned about increasing rents and fear\nthat landlords would evict them if they didn\u2019t receive the monthly rent.\n\n\n\n_Participants on the waiting list are_\n_unable to cover all their basic needs_\n_including buying warm clothes and_\n_paying for basic medical expenses._\n\n\n\nParticipants on the waiting list cover their basic\nneeds by cutting down on medical expenses, living\ntogether with another family, dropping children from\nschool, engaging in child labour, and finally, wages.\nTheir main sources of monthly income appears to be\nborrowing money, wages from irregular work, and\nsupport from other NGOs.\n\n\n\n[UNHCR Jordan - www.unhcr.org | Facebook | @UNHCRJo | www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees](http://www.unhcr.org/) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cc3550e-f872-312c-9faf-4ab1c532264d/UNHCRJordan-CashAssistanceFocusGroupDiscussions2017-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2017 PDM Focus Group Discussion\n\n#### **Group 3**\n\n_Cancelled cases from Cash Assistance_\n\n\nThe main concern for participants who have been\ncancelled from cash assistance is, not surprisingly,\nhow to pay rent. As with Group 1 and Group 2,\nparticipants in Group 3 believe that if they do not\nhave their ability to pay their rent on time they will\nbe evicted.\n\n\n\n_Participants who no longer receive_\n_cash assistance report their main_\n_sources of monthly income was_\n_wages, borrowing money, and selling_\n_WFP food vouchers._\n\n\n\nBeyond concerns about shelter, participants are concerned about their ability to pay for\nutilities, medical care expenses, education and school transportation, and food expenses.\nParticipants\u2019 coping strategies consisted of selling World Food Programme (WFP) food\nvouchers, incurring debts, and postponing paying rent.\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\nParticipants had the following recommendations for UNHCR to consider as it moves forward\nwith the cash assistance strategy:\n\n\n - Increase the amount of the assistance\n\n - Provide job opportunities for refugees\n\n - Support refugees\u2019 small projects\n\n - Provide winterization support for all families\n\n - Conduct spot check home visits for families on the cash list\n\n - Rotate cash beneficiaries off the cash list after two years\n\n\n**For more details on UNHCR\u2019s Cash-Based Interventions in Jordan, please**\n\n**[contact: JORAMDAT@unhcr.org](mailto:JORAMDAT@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n[UNHCR Jordan - www.unhcr.org | Facebook | @UNHCRJo | www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees](http://www.unhcr.org/) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4cc3550e-f872-312c-9faf-4ab1c532264d/UNHCRJordan-CashAssistanceFocusGroupDiscussions2017-FINAL.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_719/raw/doc_719_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_719/raw/doc_719_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 958c94dea33eab1b66e242f9702cb2f71295c3f8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_719/raw/doc_719_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Protection and Solutions Strategy\n## _UNHCR Afghanistan 2025 - 2027_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n### I. Introduction\n\n\nWith the end of major hostilities in Afghanistan, after more than 40 years and the consolidation of\ncontrol by the Taliban led _de facto_ authorities (DfA) in August 2021, conflict is no longer the primary\ndriver of displacement. However, 3.25 million Afghans remain displaced because of conflict within\nthe country and over 5.53 million Afghans are registered refugees or in refugee-like situations in\nthe region, hosted mainly in Iran and Pakistan. An estimated 34,840 refugees are living in\nAfghanistan\u2019s Khost and Paktika regions.\n\nSince the takeover of power, the DfA have systematically dismantled human rights in Afghanistan,\nespecially with regards to the rights of women and girls. Decrees restricting the right to work for\nAfghan women employed by NGOs and UN organisations have significantly constrained access to\nvulnerable women and girls and impacted the ability to provide services.\n\nThe needs in Afghanistan are vast. Approximately 85 percent of Afghans live on less than one dollar\na day. The humanitarian country team estimates that 23.7 million people - more than half of\nAfghanistan\u00b4s population - require humanitarian assistance in 2024. Afghan people experience\ndrastic rises in poverty, hunger and malnutrition, a near collapse of the national public health\nsystem as well as reduced resilience, coping and adaptation abilities to climate change shocks and\nnatural disasters. UNDP\u2019s report \u201cTwo Years in Review: Changes in Afghan Economy, Households\nand Cross Cutting Sectors\u201d shows that the Afghan economy is struggling to recover after a 27\npercent contraction since 2020. Two years following the change in regime, seven out of ten\nAfghans do not have access to the most basic items such as cooking items, winter clothing and\nbasic healthcare. 15.2 million people are categorized as severely food insecure. Women are\ndisproportionately affected by the socio-economic crises, in that their share of employment has\nnearly halved, decreasing from 11 percent in 2022 to 6 percent in 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\nWhile the change in power in Afghanistan in August 2021 is the most important development of\nthe recent past, large-scale returns from Pakistan since September 2023, the June 2022 and\nOctober 2023 earthquakes and other natural and climate disasters have contributed to a\nsignificantly changed environment.\n\nHigh levels of returns of Afghans, many of them forced, are expected to continue. Projections\nindicate over 1.46 million Afghans from Pakistan and Iran will return in 2024. While predictions for\n2025 are difficult at the time of drafting this strategy, the escalating rhetoric vis-\u00e0-vis Afghans in\nboth Pakistan and Iran is of great concern. While Pakistan is reflecting on implementing the next\nphase of its plans to repatriate \u201cillegal foreigners\u201d, Iran announced in September 2024 that Afghans\nmust leave the country before the end of the 1403 Persian year (March 2025), referring to up to 2\nmillion people.\n\nFinding durable solutions for forcibly displaced people, including returnees, is core to the mandate\nUNHCR was given by the UN General Assembly. Above events have fundamentally changed the\nlandscape within which UNHCR is pursuing this mandate and demand new directions for UNHCR\u00b4s\nengagement in Afghanistan. A specific focus on refugee returnees is therefore indicated.\n\nThe purpose of this document is to provide such strategic directions for UNHCR Afghanistan\u2019s\nprotection and solutions activities going forward. Key strategic focus areas are:\n\n\n1. Ensure greater access to rights and services for all forcibly displaced, returnees and\n\nstateless people, including through empowering communities to become agents of\ntheir own protection.\n2. Provide and facilitate greater access to legal protection services and civil\n\ndocumentation for all forcibly displaced, returnees and stateless people.\n3. Reinforce resilience, (economic) inclusion, and solutions for all forcibly displaced,\n\nreturnees and stateless people.\n4. Empower women and girls.\n5. Facilitate greater protection for refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons and\n\npathways towards durable solutions.\n\nAn evidence-based approach will shape the implementation of these priorities to protect, assist\nand empower vulnerable populations in Afghanistan. Integrated data and protection analysis will\nserve as the foundation for UNHCR\u2019s planning, interventions, monitoring and evaluation. Through\nage, gender and diversity-disaggregated data and protection analysis, UNHCR will inform\nprogrammes, including in the context of large-scale displacements or returns, with the aim to focus\non reaching those who are furthest behind, especially women and girls.\n\n\n2 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n### II. The current protection situation\n\n\n**International legal framework**\n\nAfghanistan is a state party to seven United Nations human rights treaties [1] and remains bound by\nvarious international legal obligations and principles outlined in international human rights law,\ninternational humanitarian law, international refugee law and international customary law. As such,\nthe DfA must uphold, promote and fulfil the human rights of all individuals within the territory\nunder their control, including forcibly displaced persons.\n\nAfghanistan is also a state party to four Geneva Conventions and two Additional Protocols [2] as well\nas a state party the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Protocol Relating to the\nStatus of Refugees [3] . Afghanistan has not acceded to the Convention relating to the Status of\nStateless Persons [4,] nor to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness [5] .\n\nAfghanistan became the first state in Asia to endorse the Comprehensive Refugee Response\nFramework [6] . This endorsement entails implementing the overarching structure of the Solution\nStrategy for Afghan Refugees, particularly focusing on efforts to create conditions conducive to\nthe sustainable return and reintegration of Afghan refugees.\n\n**National legal and policy frameworks**\n\nAfter assuming controls in August 2021, the DfA suspended the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan,\nlaws and rules concerning legal procedures, judicial appointments and procedures for a fair trial\nimplemented by the Government of Afghanistan under the republic.\n\nAlthough Afghanistan acceded to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its\n1967 Protocol in August 2005, the National Law on Asylum remains in draft form. No progress has\nbeen observed under the rule of the DfA.\n\nAfghanistan has not acceded to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons,\nnor to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. However, the 2004 Afghan\nConstitution guarantees the right to nationality for all Afghans, while the 2014 Law on Registration\n\n\n_1 Afghanistan is a state party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International_\n\n_Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention Against Torture,_\n_Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel,_\n_Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on Rights of Child and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of_\n_children in armed conflict and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children child prostitution and child pornography, and the Convention_\n_on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities._\n\n_2 Afghanistan is a state party to the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, the Convention for the Amelioration_\n\n_of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, the Convention relative to_\n_the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International_\n_Armed Conflicts and the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts._\n\n_3 The United Nations Treaty Collection, Convention relating to the status of refugees and Protocol relating to the status of refugees._\n\n_4 The United Nations, Treaty Collection, Status of Treaties, Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, as at 12.2.2024._\n\n_5 The United Nations, Treaty Collection, Status of Treaties, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, as at 12.2.2024._\n\n_6 The United Nations General Assembly, New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, A/RES/71/1, 3.10.2016._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\nof Population Records underscores the entitlement of every Afghan individual to obtain a Tazkira\nthrough application, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or place of residence. The citizenship\nregime operates under a _jus sanguinis_ structure, granting automatic citizenship to children born\nwithin or outside of the state to two citizen parents. It also offers pathways for children born to\none citizen parent and a foreign national to acquire citizenship. In light of the suspension of the\n2004 Afghan Constitution and related legislation, the current state of citizenship and legal identity\nregimes remains however uncertain.\n\nIn 2014, the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA) addressed the pressing\nissue of long-term and large-scale displacements by adopting a comprehensive national policy on\ndisplacement, recognizing the legitimate rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) as Afghan\ncitizens and aligning with international human rights and humanitarian law, including the 1998\nUnited Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. The policy ultimately failed to bring\nabout significant changes in the lives of IDPs.\n\nOn 21 August 2024 the de facto authorities announced the ratification of a Law on the Promotion\nof Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, which further and dramatically restricts the rights of women\nin the country. The document is the first formal declaration of the vice and virtue laws under the\ndfa's strict interpretation of Sharia law, and \u2013 unlike the previous \u2018edicts\u2019 \u2013 was published in the\nOfficial Gazette. It gives the Ministry of Vice and Virtue a mandate to enforce the law; in other\nwords, a legal basis for infringement of human rights, with the intention to further restrict women\u2019s\nrights in the public sphere. In addition, the law defined the responsibilities of an inspector\nresponsible for enforcing the prohibitions with discretionary power over arbitrary arrests and\ndetentions.\n\n**Forcibly displaced, returnee and persons at risk of statelessness in Afghanistan**\n\n3.25 million Afghans remain displaced by conflict within the country and over 5.53 million are\nregistered refugees or Afghans in refugee-like situations in the region. An estimated 52,000\nrefugees are living in Afghanistan\u2019s Khost and Paktika regions.\n\n_Refugees and asylum-seekers_\n\nAbout 34,800 refugees are living in Khost and Paktika regions and 165 registered refugees as well\nas 324 registered asylum seekers in urban settings. Additionally, there are about 250 asylum\nseekers of Baluchi origin that are not registered with UNHCR. While no significant changes related\nto these numbers are expected, refugees and asylum seekers are among the most vulnerable\ngroups of people in Afghanistan in the absence of refugee laws, national policies and governmental\nprograms. This despite Afghanistan having signed the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees and its 1967 Protocol. Refugees and asylum-seekers in Afghanistan have limited access\nto basic rights, including economic rights, documentation, education and protection from\n_refoulement_ . Refugees and asylum-seekers are subjected to hate crimes and risks of arrest,\ndetention, intimidation, and harassment are frequently reported. As a result, it is difficult for this\n\n\n4 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n\ngroup to secure livelihoods and sustain their families. UNHCR will continue to advocate for the\nrights of refugees and asylum seekers in Afghanistan, facilitate their access to documentation as\nwell as support with seasonal financial assistance to the most vulnerable. UNHCR will also continue\nto advocate for support of refugees and asylum seekers by international organizations.\n\n_Refugee returnees_\n\nWhile UNHCR has been facilitating voluntary repatriation of Afghans from Pakistan and Iran for\nsome years, Pakistan\u2019s \u201cIllegal Foreigners\u2019 Repatriation Plan\u201d (IFRP), with a focus on the repatriation\nof undocumented individuals, has driven return movements in 2023 and 2024. However, status\nand documentation in Pakistan are not representative of peoples\u2019 international protection needs\ngiven that access to registration is restricted and many Afghans never had an opportunity to apply\nfor asylum and formally seek protection, including those that fled Afghanistan after the events in\n2021. The majority of those returning cited the use of police force and harassment in Pakistan as\none of the drivers to return. As a result, some 712,000 Afghans have returned since the start of\nthe IFRP in mid-September 2023 and 31 August 2024, including 23,658 Registration (PoR) card\nholders. The number of deportations has been progressively increasing during that period, with\nnearly 34,400 deportations recorded. Documentation/legal assistance, protection services for\nchildren, and protection services for girls and women are the top three protection services required\nby returnees. Loss of social support networks, assets and property and the need to restart lives\nand livelihoods in unfamiliar locations with few resources present additional challenges for\nreturnees. At the same time, deportations from Iran have been consistently high over the past\nyears, with several hundred thousand people returned in 2023. This must be considered the\nbaseline, with potentially significantly more deportations taking place by the end of 2024 and the\nyears to come. Given these significant pressures from both Pakistan and Iran and related Protection\nrisks and the need for Solutions, refugee returnees are a prioritised population group under this\nstrategy.\n\n_Internally displaced persons (IDPs)_\n\nAs of December 2023, an estimated 3.2 million persons remained internally displaced due to\nconflict and another 3.3 million because of natural disasters. This makes Afghanistan the country\nwith the largest IDP population in South Asia and the second largest globally, following Syria.\nFollowing the withdrawal of international armed forces and the collapse of the Afghanistan\nDefense and Security Forces, armed conflict ceased. Since August 2021, it is believed that around\n1.5 million conflict-induced displaced persons have returned to their previous habitual residences.\nLack of documentation is reported by IDPs as a key protection issue - an estimated 41 percent of\nIDPs lack proper documentation. Among them, women were the most affected at 88 percent,\nfollowed by girls at 86 percent and boys at 78 percent. The lack of documentation hinders IDPs to\naccess basic services such as health and education and restricts their freedom of movement. But\nlegal services were also found to be inaccessible to 38 percent of IDPs, with women being the most\naffected at 93 percent.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\nFurther studies are necessary to determine whether the absence of clear legal provisions and\narbitrary actions by authorities could exacerbate barriers for specific groups in accessing\ndocumentation. Nonetheless, there has been scant research conducted on populations at increased\nrisk of statelessness in Afghanistan. Among these vulnerable groups are nomadic communities like\nthe Bangriwala, as well as members of the Jat community, including the Jogi, Chori Frosh, and\nGorbat communities. The intergenerational lack of documentation and the nomadic lifestyle are\nkey factors contributing to the administrative hurdles these communities encounter in accessing\ndocumentation, thus affecting their ability to obtain or confirm citizenship. Other factors\ncontributing to a risk of statelessness include challenges related to documentation, gender, age,\ndisplacement, and historical obstacles in establishing citizenship.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n\n**The situation of women and girls in Afghanistan**\n\nThe most significant development in the recent past\naffecting the protection situation in Afghanistan of all\npopulation groups is the change in power in\nAfghanistan in August 2021. Restrictions on the rights\nof Afghans to freedom of opinion, freedom of speech,\nand freedom of assembly were imposed and there is\ngrowing curtailment by the DfA of the human rights of\nAfghan women and girls.\n\nSince August 2021, there have been more than 50\ndecrees that directly curtail the rights and dignity of\nwomen, including those banning them from public\nspaces and affairs, for example, the exclusion of girls\nfrom secondary school, women from universities,\npublic parks, community baths and gymnasiums.\nWomen spaces have also been closed and the Ministry\nof Women Affairs abolished. Women and girls have\nbeen ordered to travel only with a mahram (male\nrelative chaperone) beyond a certain distance.\n\nThe situation has been exacerbated by decrees limiting\nthe employment of Afghan women by NGOs and UN\norganisations, restricting access to vulnerable women\nand girls. Currently, there are no signs that the\nsystematic discrimination against women and girls will\ncease or that their quality of life will improve. On the\ncontrary, on 21 August 2024, the de facto authorities announced the ratification of a Law on the\nPromotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, which dramatically restricts the rights of women\nin the country even further. The document is the first formal declaration of the vice and virtue\nlaws under the dfa's strict interpretation of Sharia law, and \u2013 unlike the previous edicts \u2013 was\npublished in the Official Gazette. It gives the Ministry of Vice and Virtue a mandate to enforce\nthe law; in other words, a legal basis for infringement of human rights, further restricting women\u2019s\nrights. In addition, the law defines the responsibilities of an inspector responsible for enforcing\nthe prohibitions with discretionary power over arbitrary arrests and detentions.\n\n\nThe ban on girls\u2019 education beyond grade 6 and the ban on women attending secondary schooling\nand university is devastating for the individuals, but also the future of Afghanistan. Despite a\ndecision by the Ministry of Public Health to allow female high school graduates in Afghanistan to\nenrol in state-run medical institutes for the 2024 academic year, the future of secondary and\ntertiary education for girls is uncertain.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\nFurthermore, the lack of land and property rights for women constitutes a major cause of genderbased inequality, particularly given that land is often a household\u2019s most important asset.\n\nViolations are happening in the context of long-standing gender inequalities in Afghanistan, with\nhigh rates of intimate partner violence and of early and forced marriage. UNAMA\u2019s recent thematic\nreport \u201cDivergence of practice: The handling of complaints of gender-based violence against\nwomen and girls by Afghanistan\u2019s de facto authorities\u201d observes that the already high prevalence\nof gender-based violence against Afghan women and girls, including domestic and intimate partner\nviolence given their relegation to their homes, is even higher after the takeover by the DfA.\n\nBans on women working with NGOs and UN organisations have significantly reduced access to\ndisplaced women and girls and impacted the ability to provide assistance and services for women\nand girls, including the provision of safe spaces and lifesaving response services to gender-based\nviolence services. With less female aid workers on the ground, the ability to ensure safe disclosure\nof violence, including cases of sexual exploitation and abuse, is reduced, as well as the ability to\ncapture the views and needs of women in humanitarian assessments, and to support local womenled organisations.\n\nWhile exemptions in relation to emergency situations have brought some respite in this regard, for\nexample allowing women UN and NGO staff to receive Afghan women at the border or directly\nengaging with them in the response to the earthquakes in Herat, the overall policies remain in\nplace. Female aid workers who have resumed work have also reported the need to be accompanied\nby a mahram and to wear specific clothing, as well as instances of intimidation and harassment.\n\nIn view of the situation in Afghanistan, the empowerment of women, in line with the Sustainable\nDevelopment Goal No. 5 to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, is the cross-cutting\ntheme in all UNHCR interventions in the country. This is done by recognizing the unique challenges faced\nby women through an age, gender and diversity (AGD) approach. Further to mainstreaming, UNHCR has\nprioritized the design and delivery of programming by women and for women and the prioritization of\nwomen in beneficiary selection, financial inclusion, technical and vocational education, all of which\ngrounded in the accountability to affected people (AAP) framework.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s existing strength in community-based protection and Communication with Communities (CwC) is\nkey to maintaining close contact with women and girls. Through this approach, support is delivered directly\nto the communities and individuals.\n\n**Ongoing large-scale returns and deportations to Afghanistan**\n\nIt was estimated that some 1.3 million undocumented Afghans were residing in Pakistan at the\ntime the Government of Pakistan announced the \u201cIllegal Foreigners\u2019 Repatriation Plan\u201d (IFRP),\nsetting a 1 November 2023 deadline for the \u201cvoluntary return\u201d of all undocumented individuals in\nPakistan to their country of origin. The sudden surge in returns due to this plan has put additional\npressure on already strained resources in receiving communities in Afghanistan, including for\nshelter and basic services.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n\nDespite their own serious humanitarian needs, Afghan communities - serving as first responders are hosting displaced people and welcoming returnees from Pakistan, Iran and elsewhere.\nSupporting receiving communities directly is therefore imperative in view of the ongoing crises in\nthe country and the high numbers of returns.\n\nPhase II of the IFRP is expected to be initiated by Pakistan in early 2024, and initiate the\nrepatriation of Afghan Citizens Card (ACC) holders that are currently residing in the country. It is\nestimated that some 840,000 ACC holders are presently residing in Pakistan. Considering the\nsituation of mixed-status households and the generalized risk of harassment and arrests faced by\ndocumented Afghans, it is estimated that, in addition to the remaining undocumented Afghans in\nPakistan, Proof of Registration (PoR) card holders and UNHCR slip holders may also be compelled\nto return due to the deteriorating environment in Pakistan.\n\nLarge scale returns to Afghanistan, many of which are forced and/or effectively deportations, may\nadditionally lead to a weakening of protection of Afghan refugees globally due to view of returns\nas a migratory movement by some - disregarding international protection risks of those forced to\nreturn, including many who left after August 2021 with risk profiles as per the Guidance Note on\nthe International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Afghanistan (Update I).\n\nFollowing the deterioration of the political context in Afghanistan in 2021 which produced large\nscale outflow movements, UNHCR expanded its border monitoring activities at eight official and\nsome 40 unofficial crossing points with Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.\nUNHCR border monitoring is a protection centric exercise and seeks to understand the triggers,\nintentions and reasons for Afghan cross-border movements, assess access to territory and the right\nto seek asylum as well as the barriers which hinder the movement of people who may need\ninternational protection.\n\nFinding durable solutions for forcibly displaced people, including refugee returnees, is core to the\nmandate of UNHCR. This is why UNHCR established the Priority Areas of Return and Reintegration\n(PARRs) programme in Afghanistan, which was subsequently expanded to include IDPs and IDP\nreturnees. The PARRs model is an area-based approach and designed to adapt to an evolving\nlandscape of displacement and return movements. The emphasis on fostering sustainable\nlivelihoods is fundamental, with interventions designed to enhance market engagement, promote\nvocational training and small and medium enterprise development, and facilitate financial inclusion,\nall aimed at strengthening economic independence and community stability. Recent developments,\nincluding funding limitations, call for a re-assessment and potentially sharpening up of PARRs\nactivities. Maintaining the area based PARRs approach is however crucial as it increases absorption\ncapacity of host communities and stabilises populations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n### III. Planning scenario\n\n\nThere is no indication that the systematic discrimination of vulnerable groups, and women and girls\nspecifically, will cease in Afghanistan and their lives improve. Sporadic internal conflicts could lead to\ndisplacement, whereas urbanization and related population movement may lead to an increase in evictions.\nRisks for impactful natural and climate disasters remain significant in Afghanistan.\n\nContinued high levels of returns and deportations from Pakistan and Iran can be expected, possibly with a\nchanging profile of deportees more likely to need international protection. Pressure on returns may increase\nalso from other parties. High number of returns to unsustainable situations may increase the risk of onward\nmovements. Returnees generally have civil documentation issues leading to an increased risk of\nstatelessness. Increased return may furthermore lead to more Housing, Land and Property issues.\n\nIn view of the humanitarian situation in the country and unchanged positions by the DfA, the protection\nenvironment is unlikely to improve in Afghanistan. The humanitarian space is likely to shrink further.\nReduced funding for UNHCR and the international humanitarian community risks further speeding up this\ndevelopment.\n\nHowever, since the DfA took power, there is greater geographical access to all parts of Afghanistan. This\npresents some opportunities. UNHCR, with its PARRs is well positioned to deliver protection services at\nkey locations across Afghanistan and focus interventions on those furthest behind. At the same time,\nwithout a nationwide lifting of restrictions, operational uncertainty in Afghanistan will remain a key\nchallenge.\n\nSecurity Council Resolution 2721 (2023), encouraging increased international engagement, may lead to\nsome opportunities. A joined-up multi-stakeholder approach for engagement in Afghanistan will be critical\nfor UNHCR to effectively implement its mandate and for the international community to assist the Afghan\npeople. Closer collaboration and coordination between stakeholders such as the RC/HC, the Durable\nSolutions Working Group, the Clusters, INGOs and NGOs as well as Member States and donors could\nimprove the operational, protection and humanitarian spaces.\n\n\n10 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n\n**1.** **Ensure greater access to rights and services for all forcibly displaced, returnees and stateless**\n\n**people, including through empowering communities to become agents of their own**\n**protection.**\n\n\n - Protection monitoring tools will be strengthened and streamlined to ensure a continued\nunderstanding of the protection risks and needs of displaced populations to inform\nprotection programming. This includes a heightened protection response at the border and\nthe gathering of information on population movements, in particular related to refugee\nreturns. Protection monitoring tools will also be used to monitor the impact of UNHCR\ninterventions on the host community.\n\n - The operation will ensure preparedness and response capacity to assist returnees from\nPakistan and Iran. Follow-up on protection cases identified among the returnees, in close\ncoordination with protection partners, remains a key priority.\n\n - The operation will continue to pursue an area-based approach that extends beyond\nprotection monitoring, encompassing the provision of civil documentation, and legal\nsupport, continued identification, prevention of and response to violence against women\nand girls, child protection activities, advocating for the rights of IDPs, returnees and\nrefugees, and fostering social cohesion. All are key to ensure the safety, dignity and rights\nof all forcibly displaced populations during their (re)integration process.\n\n - A focus will be on community-based protection, including through support to select\ncommunity structures, legal clinics, grassroots campaigns, and community-led initiatives.\n\n - The operation will focus on a collaborative, multi-dimensional approach to child protection\nthat addresses both the immediate and underlying factors contributing to child protection\nrisks and the vulnerability of children. Recognizing that children, families, and communities\nare central to the protection of forcibly displaced and stateless children, UNHCR will\nintegrate child protection within community-based protection programming.\n\n - Recognizing the often-overlooked nature of mental health and psychosocial support\n(MHPSS) services in displacement contexts, the operation will place significant emphasis\non integrating and making accessible MHPSS in protection, public health, and education\ninitiatives. Particularly in a setting like Afghanistan, where resources are limited and\ncommunities face numerous challenges, MHPSS plays a vital role in enhancing resilience\nand well-being.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\n**2.** **Provide and facilitate greater access to legal protection services and civil documentation for**\n\n**all forcibly displaced, returnees and stateless people.**\n\n\n - The operation will strengthen legal assistance services for refugees, asylum-seekers,\nreturnees, stateless people and IDPs. Access to civil documentation through legal\nassistance is not only vital for enabling individuals to assert their rights but also essential\nfor accessing public services and humanitarian aid, which is integral to attaining greater\nfreedom of movement and durable solutions.\n\n - The operation will have a heightened focus on returned refugees and IDPs related to the\nprovision of legal documents such as birth certificates, national identity card (Tazkira) and\nland title deed. Ensuring access to documentation is a critical element to prevent\nstatelessness.\n\n**3.** **Reinforce resilience, (economic) inclusion, and solutions for all forcibly displaced, returnees**\n\n**and persons at risk of statelessness.**\n\n\n - In the face of significant challenges in Afghanistan, the operation will pursue an approach\nthat goes beyond short-term humanitarian relief but emphasizes both immediate needs and\nlong-term sustainable solutions (Nexus) to foster resilience and increased self-reliance\namong forcibly displaced, returnees, stateless people, refugees, as well as the host\ncommunities they live among.\n\n - UNHCR Afghanistan will enhance women\u2019s access to economic opportunities, build\nresilient livelihoods and foster socio-economic inclusion and self-reliance, with a view\ntowards the realization of protection and solutions outcomes.\n\n\n - Additionally, efforts will be directed towards empowering Afghan youth economically.\n\n - Recognizing shelter as more than just physical structures, the operation will integrate it\nwithin a broader solutions framework that includes livelihoods and access to services. This\nperspective ensures that when providing shelter, the multifaceted needs of beneficiaries,\nsuch as economic stability, are also considered.\n\n - Education related activities will be pursued in close partnership with with UNICEF,\nUNESCO, and other stakeholders, leveraging collective expertise and resources to address\neducations challenges.\n\n - UNHCR Afghanistan will engage with organizations led by or working with persons with\ndisabilities and ensure UNHCR and partner premises are accessible for persons with\ndisabilities, persons with disabilities participate in the humanitarian response, have equal\naccess to information and complaints and feedback mechanisms.\n\n\n12 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2025-2027\n\n\n - The operation will adopt a multi-faceted approach that integrates climate action across\nactivities, focusing on collaboration with both humanitarian and development partners to\nensure the holistic well-being of displaced communities and ensure activities strengthen\npreparedness and resilience against the impacts of climate change and natural disasters,\ne.g., through the building of durable, earthquake secure shelters.\n\n**4.** **Empower women and girls.**\n\n\n - Empowerment of women and girls is at the core of all protection and solutions\ninterventions in Afghanistan, by recognizing the unique challenges faced by women in the\ncountry through an age, gender and diversity (AGD) approach.\n\n - The operation will facilitate design and delivery of programmes by women and for women\nand the prioritization of women in beneficiary selection, financial inclusion, technical and\nvocational education, and training is informed by UNHCR\u2019s accountability to affected\npeople (AAP) framework.\n\n - UNHCR Afghanistan will facilitate and actively advocate for the rights of women and girls\nwith stakeholders in Afghanistan and rally advocacy support with external partners. A focus\non women\u2019s and girls\u2019 access to rights is paramount for their future and the country itself.\n\n - The operation will seek to expand its response capacity by developing a dedicated case\nmanagement program for women and girls, that consider the specific needs and heightened\nrisks for survivors in Afghanistan as well as sensitivities for partners.\n\n**5.** **Facilitate greater protection for refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons and pathways**\n\n**towards durable solutions.**\n\n\n - UNHCR will continue its advocacy to regularize the legal status of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees, with the aim to provide them with greater legal protection and social rights and\nto facilitate solutions by ensuring access to education, healthcare, documentation,\nlivelihood and employment. Particular focus will be given to access to birth registration for\nrefugee children born in Afghanistan.\n\n - The operation will ramp up case-processing for the urban refugee population with the aim\nto increase resettlement submissions. Complementary pathways will also be explored, to\nincrease the opportunities of third countries solutions for refugees and asylum-seekers.\n\n - Related to the Khost-Paktika refugee population, the operation will continue implementing\nan area-based approach, by assisting all individuals in the target area based on\nvulnerabilities and needs, irrespective of their status. As the population approaches a\ndecade of displacement in 2024, UNHCR will re-double its efforts to enhance economic\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS STRATEGY 2024-2027 T\n\n\nself-reliance, ensuring that the refugee population becomes a part of the broader\ncommunity, and identify durable solutions.\n\n\n - Related to the stateless population in Afghanistan, the operation aims to establish whether\nthe absence of clear legal provisions and arbitrary actions by authorities exacerbates\nbarriers for specific groups to access documentation. Simultaneously, in its protection\nmonitoring, legal documentation and aid work, a special focus will be on those at risk of\nstatelessness or stateless.\n\n\n**Kabul, May 2024**\n\n\n14 UNHCR / MAY 2024\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/03062f37-19b4-4760-9bc4-b61c4acf633f/UNHCR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_72/raw/doc_72_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_72/raw/doc_72_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3af0ac9303e162e8548351d6fcad947d7b0fdcd0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_72/raw/doc_72_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 153**\n\n# **Climate change and forced migration**\n\n**Etienne Piguet**\n\nProfessor of Human Geography\nInstitute of Geography\nUniversity of Neuch\u00e2tel\nSwitzerland\n\nE-mail: Etienne.Piguet@unine.ch\n\nJanuary 2008\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThe term \"environmental refugees\" was first coined in 1985 as a report title for the\nUnited Nations Environment Programme (El-Hinnawi 1985). It has since been\nwidely diffused in both political and academic circles (Castles 2002). This growing\nconcern of the international community about the consequences of migration resulting\nfrom environmental deterioration was reinforced in 1990 by the publication of the\nfirst UN intergovernmental report on climate change which stated that \"The gravest\neffects of climate change may be those on human migration as millions will be\ndisplaced\" (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1990, 20).\n\n\nIn 1993, the prediction that there would be 150 million environmental refugees by the\nend of the 21st century, as forecast by Norman Myers, further fuelled the fear of mass\nmigrations (Myers 2003). In the review \"Population and Environment\" this respected\nenvironmentalist wrote, four years later, \" the issue of environmental refugees (...)\npromises to rank as one of the foremost human crises of our times\" (Myers 1997, p.\n175).\n\n\nFilmmaker Roland Emmerich dramatized this fear in 2004, in a scene from the film\n\"The Day After Tomorrow\" where American citizens flee en masse from lightning\nand a terrible climatic disturbance from the north only to find themselves \u2013 and here is\nthe irony \u2013 running up against the fences of the American-Mexican frontier. Today,\nfor the Israeli geographer Nurit Kliot, who has led a synthetic overview on the\nsubject, \"the fear of mass migration of environmental refugees has become a major\nissue in the international community\" (Kliot 2004, 69).\n\n\nWith the increasing certainty of global warming, the more precise term of \"climate\nrefugee\" has been swiftly diffused in public discourse. This is exemplified by the\n\"Citizen's guide to climate refugees\" found on the website of the Australian NGO,\nFriends of the Earth (Friends of the Earth Australia 2007). Other instances include the\nrecent series of reports entitled \"Avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques\" by the French\nphotographic collective Argos (http://www.collectifargos.com/ - visited 21 July\n2007).\n\n\nThe links between climate and human migration are not new (Beniston 2004). Thus,\nthe droughts of the 1930s in the plains of the American Dust Bowl forced hundreds of\nthousands of migrants towards California, and those that struck the Sahel between\n1969 and 1974 displaced millions of farmers and nomads towards the cities.\nNotwithstanding the present media focus, the amount of systematic research on\nenvironment and migration remains quite limited.\n\n\nThere is much vagueness surrounding the concepts employed, the underlying\nmechanisms involved, the number of persons affected and the geographical zones\nconcerned. The use by numerous authors of the term \" refugee \" has also led to certain\nconfusion because it evokes the juridical status recognized by UN Convention of 1951\nreferring to any person having a \"well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of\nrace, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political\nopinion\". Although it is clear that environmental reasons are absent from this list, if\nenvironmental deteriorations due to human influence on the climate generate forced\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "migration flows, then the question of the rights of victims to a form of protection will\nbecome unavoidable.\n\n\nIn this article we will first try to understand why the environmental aspect of the study\nof migration and refugees has, up until now, been neglected. We will then propose a\ndefinition of population movements induced by environmental factors, before\nconcentrating on climate aspects by providing a synthesis of results put forward by\nresearchers. Finally, we will examine forecasts for future developments.\n\n\n**A neglected topic**\n\n\nFor many years, population geography has, of course, acknowledged the role played\nby environmental factors in explaining the history of population and the emergence of\ncities. Thus, for mankind, the passage across the Bering Straits from America 13,000\nyears ago was possible due to the low sea levels of the ice Age, while the Medieval\nClimate Optimum which lasted between 8th and 13th centuries AD seems to have\nstimulated the population of Polynesia by making navigation relatively easy thanks to\nregular winds and clear skies (Perch-Nielsen 2004, 39).\n\n\nParadoxically, it also appears that the desertification of the Sahara and the Arabian\npeninsula has played an important part in the densification of the population on the\nbanks of the Nile, and has consequently contributed to the birth of ancient Egyptian\ncivilization (Hammer 2004, 238). Fifty years ago, the strong link between\npluviometry and population density has been shown, for example, in the American\nGreat Plains (Robinson, Lindbergh, and Brinkman 1961).\n\n\nWith industrialization, however, the importance of the role given by population\ngeographers to the environment declined progressively. Already at the end of the 19th\ncentury, the famous \"migration laws\" of E. G. Ravenstein held that economic factors\nwere of prime importance. Their pre-eminence was almost exclusive in the\ntheorization of migration flows during the second half of the 20th century (Massey\nand al. 1993).\n\n\nWhile certain environmental characteristics of areas studied were taken into\nconsideration, generally only the positive factors received any serious attention.\nGreenwood (1969) highlights in this respect the favourable effect of high average\ntemperatures on internal migration on the US mainland, while Graves measures the\neffect of climate mildness in general on migration (1980).\n\n\nUp until recently, the environment, especially when considered as a negative factor\ninducing forced displacements, has been absent from the study of migrations on\naccount of the dominance of what we can call an \" Economic Paradigm \". One can\nadd that migrations linked to the environment are frequently internal and affect\nSouthern countries. It is noteworthy that these two aspects of migration have been\nneglected by researchers to the advantage of studies in international and North-South\nmigrations.\n\n\nA similar result stems from the \" Political Paradigm \" that characterizes the specific\nstudy of refugees ( _Refugee studies_ ). The latter give only limited attention to the link\nbetween environment and migration and often reduce the object of enquiry to political\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees, as defined under the 1951 UN Convention. It is consequently not surprising\nthat surveys of refugee studies only give very limited attention to environmental\naspects, except for the degradation that refugees might cause themselves (Black and\nRobinson 1993; Richmond 1988; Zolberg, Suhrke, and Arguayo 1986).\n\n\n**A problematic concept**\n\n\nOne last element that may have curbed the study of links between environment and\nmigration is that several researchers have rejected the very concept of environmental\nrefugees (Black 2001). Rightly highlighting the shaky empirical character and sloppy\nnature of most work on the subject, they have brought to the fore problems arising\nfrom a unidirectional link between environmental changes and migrations in the face\nof well-established results from research on population flows. For Castles, \"the term\nenvironmental refugee is simplistic, one-sided and misleading. It implies a\nmonocausality which very rarely exists in practice (\u2026) [Environmental and natural\nfactors] are part of a complex pattern of multiple causality, in which [they] are closely\nlinked to economic, social and political ones.\" (Castles 2002, 5).\n\n\nNumerous works confirm this: when environmental deteriorations cause\ndisplacements, they are often the by-product of economic, demographic or political\nfactors (Hugo 1996). Moreover, vicious circle phenomena are very frequent and it is\nnot easy to isolate primary causes. Hence, population displacements will induce\nenvironmental problems that will have an effect on conflicts which themselves risk to\nexacerbate environmental deterioration (Hagmann 2005).\n\n\nThere is agreement today that natural factors are not the sole cause of migration and\nthat the economic, social and political situation of the zone under threat can,\ndepending on the case, increase or decrease the flow of migrants. Apart from the\nscientific error of oversimplifying the processes taking place, the danger here is also\none of \u201cevacuating political responsibility by overplaying the hand of nature\"\n(Cambr\u00e9zy 2001, 48).\n\n\nAnother serious criticism has been addressed to the advocates of the environmental\nrefugee concept and, in particular, to Norman Myers and his estimation of a potential\n150 million refugees. They are accused of brandishing the spectre of a flood of\nmigrants towards rich countries, thus reinforcing the position of governments that\nhave policies of closed borders and are hostile to refugees. For MacGregor: \"In so far\nas the term environmental refugee conflates the idea of disaster victim and refugee, its\nuse brings with it the danger that the key features of refugee protection could be\nundermined and the lowest common denominator adopted.\n\n\nBecause environmental can imply a sphere outside politics, use of the term\nenvironmental refugee may encourage receiving states to treat the term in the same\nway as economic migrants to reduce their responsibility to protect and assist\" (1993,\n162). The High Commissioner for Refugees, being very aware of this risk of\nconfusion between political and non political refugees, has always treated with the\nupmost prudence the idea of including environmental motivations in the international\ndefinition of refugees, even if he also deems this category of the population as a\npossible part of his protective mandate toward displaced persons within states (IDPs)\n(see number 127, vol. 2, 2002 of the review \"Refugees Magazine\").\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Even if they have dampened the enthusiasm of certain researchers, reservations\nregarding the concept of environmental refugees seem to be fully justified. They have\nobliged the scientific community to be mindful of the consequences of their\nterminological choices and point to the need for clear definitions of the different\naspects of the phenomenon.\n\n\nIndeed, a considerable number of terminological variants have been used by\nresearchers to refer to persons fleeing climate hazards, and more generally,\nenvironmental disturbances. While the term environmental refugees (sometimes\necological refugees) was more frequent in the English language (El-Hinnawi 1985;\nJacobson 1988; Myers 1993; Myers 1997; Westing 1992) during the 1990s as well as\nin German ( _Umweltfl\u00fcchtling_ (B\u00e4chler 1994; Richter 1998)) and French (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de\nl\u2019environnement (Gonin and Lassailly-Jacob 2002)), more neutral terminology has\nemerged vis-\u00e0-vis the 1951 Convention, such as environmental or ecological\nmigrants, ecomigrants or ecomigrations (Wood 2001). As time has passed, the\nnumber of push factors included under this terminology has become greater. While El\nHinnawi in 1985 focussed on deterioration of soils and rural exodus, Jacobson\nbroadened the definition to include persons displaced by development projects (The\nThree Gorges Dam...) or industrial accidents (Bhopal, Chernobyl...) (Jacobson 1988).\nToday, the acronyms EIPM (Environmentally Induced Population Movements) and\nEDP (Environmentally displaced person) are well suited to describe a general\ncategory of migration movements where the environmental factor is decisive, but not\nnecessarily unique. As Lonergan notes (1998), five groups of factors can be singled\nout as environmental push elements that might lead to migration:\n\n\n1. Natural disasters;\n\n\n2. Development projects that involve changes in the\nenvironment;\n\n\n3. Progressive evolution of the environment;\n\n\n4. Industrial accidents; and\n\n\n5. Environmental consequences due to conflicts.\n\n\nIn the following part of the paper we are going to concentrate on factors 1 and 3,\nwhich concern environmental changes that are relatively independent of short-term\nhuman activity and that might be linked to climate change. Migrations linked to\ndevelopment projects, industrial accidents or conflicts are, on the other hand, singular\nevents directly linked to human activities and as such not easy to anticipate or\nsummarize.\n\n\n**Past experiences and the consequences of global warming**\n\n\n\"Greater resource scarcity, desertification, risks of droughts and floods, and rising sea\nlevels could drive many millions of people to migrate\". This alarming prediction\nappears in the review of the economic consequences of global warming delivered to\nthe British government by Sir Nicholas Stern at the end of November 2006 (Stern\n2006, 111). One year earlier, the authorities of Papua New Guinea appeared on the\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "front page of the British newspaper The Guardian in a leading article entitled \"The\nFirst Refugees of Global Warming,\" announcing their decision to progressively\nevacuate all one thousand inhabitants of the small atoll of Carteret (Kilinailau) which\nis being slowly submerged by rising seas.\n\n\nWhile it is extremely difficult to elaborate scientific predictions by combining climate\nand migration models (Perch-Nielsen 2004), the expected consequences of climate\nchange can be enumerated and compared to past experiences so as to establish a list of\nthe populations most at risk and the possible resulting emigration flows. Three\nconsequences of climate warming, as forecast in the latest report of the IPCC for the\nend of the 21st century, appear to be the most threatening potential causes of\nmigrations (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007b):\n\n\n - The increase in the strength of tropical hurricanes and the\nfrequency of heavy rains and flooding, due to the rise in\nevaporation with increased temperatures.\n\n\n - The growth in the number of droughts, with evaporation\ncontributing to a decrease in soil humidity, often associated\nwith food shortages.\n\n\n - The increase in sea levels resulting from both water\nexpansion and melting ice.\n\n\nWhile the first two consequences are the direct result of sudden natural disasters, the\nthird is a long-term process, which, as we will see, has very different possible\nimplications in terms of migrations. We leave aside other effects of global warming\non health or the viability of certain economic activities that may have additional\nconsequences for migrations but which remain subject to speculation.\n\n\n_Hurricanes, torrential rains and floods_\n\n\nThe impact of hurricanes and floods on population displacement is among the easiest\nto identify, as they manifest themselves in a brutal and direct manner. Particularly\nwell publicised, the flooding due to Hurricane Katrina, in August 2005, necessitated\nthe evacuation of hundreds of thousands inhabitants of New Orleans while tens of\nthousands of others, primarily Afro-Americans, remained trapped in the city due to a\nlack of transport amenities (Cresswell 2006).\n\n\nWhile we know approximately the number of persons affected by flooding worldwide\n(106 million, on average, between 2000 and 2005 according to the _International_\n_Disaster Database_ ), and by hurricanes (38 million), the total number of people\nthreatened by an eventual increase of this kind of disaster is, however, very difficult to\nestimate (EM-DAT). No climate model is able to predict with accuracy whether or not\nthe affected zones will be densely populated and whether the damage will have tragic\nconsequences.\n\n\nApart from this difficulty of forecasting, the studies carried out after such events tend\nto relativize their effects in terms of migration in general, and long-term migration in\nparticular. Living mainly in poor countries, the victims have little mobility (Lonergan\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1998) and the majority of the displaced return as soon as possible to reconstruct their\nhomes in the disaster zone (Kliot 2004; Naik, Stigter, and Laczko 2007). The results\nfrom numerous research projects conducted worldwide on the subject tend to confirm\nthis point with remarkable regularity. Thus, a synthesis of results on migration choices\nof victims of natural disasters displaced in eighteen sites confirms, with rare\nexceptions, the strong propensity to return (Burton, Kates, and White 1993).\n\n\nIn a much more indirect and incomplete fashion, studies on persons seeking asylum in\nEurope indicate no correlation between asylum applications and natural disasters\nrecorded in the zones of departure. On the contrary, a significant link is confirmed\nregarding the political situation in these same zones (Neumayer 2005).\n\n\nAccording to some authors, the case of Bangladesh nevertheless remains an important\ncounter example where, in contrast with the image portrayed in most literature on the\nsubject, natural disasters would be the major cause of forced migration (Haque 1997).\nOn a global level however, the general conclusion is that the potential of hurricanes\nand torrential rains to provoke long-term and long-distance migrations remains\nlimited.\n\n\n_Drought and desertification_\n\n\nIn the recent past, the number of persons affected by drought has been comparable to\nthat of victims of hurricanes and floods (146 million, on average, between 2000 and\n2005 according to the EM-DAT). The latest report of the IPCC predicts increased\nwater shortages in Africa (74 to 250 million people affected in 2020) and Asia:\n\"Freshwater availability in Central, South, East and Southeast Asia particularly in\nlarge river basins is projected to decrease due to climate change which, along with\npopulation growth and increasing demand arising from higher standards of living,\ncould adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s.\" (Intergovernmental\nPanel on Climate Change 2007a, 10). Case studies, however, paint a contrasting\npicture. The effect of a lack of drinking and irrigation water on migration is actually\nless sudden than that of the meteorological events mentioned in the previous chapter,\nand only generates progressive departures.\n\n\nOn one hand, there are many well-known cases of mass population departures, in\nparticular in Africa (Sahel, Ethiopia) but also in South America (Argentine, Brazil), in\nthe Middle East (Syria, Iran), in Central Asia and in Southern Asia. Hammer presents\nan impressive table of forced migration due to droughts and floods during the period\n1973 \u2013 1999 in the Sahel with a maximum figure of one million displaced persons\nduring the drought in Niger in 1985 (Hammer 2004, 232).\n\n\nHe affirms, \"It seems very likely that hundreds of thousands of people from rural\nSahel regions are displaced every year as a consequence of environmental change and\ndesertification\" (234). Likewise, for Leighton, \"The periodic drought and\ndesertification plaguing northeast Brazil contributed to factors causing 3.4 million\npeople to emigrate between 1960 and 1980\" (2006, 47).\n\n\nOn the other hand, many researchers strongly relativize the possible direct link\nexisting between drought and emigration by highlighting the fact that the latter, in\ngeneral, is the last resort when all other survival strategies have been exhausted.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Consequently, during the 1994 drought in Bangladesh, only 0.4 per cent of\nhouseholds had to resort to emigration (Smith 2001). Other researchers hold similar\nviews to the Nobel Prize winner for Economics, Amartya Sen, in remarking that\nfamines are, in general, only marginally the direct result of environmental factors, but\nmuch rather political ones (Sen 1981) and add that this also holds for migrations.\n\n\nA multivariate analysis on interprovincial migrations in Burkina-Faso thus shows that\nenvironmental variables, in general, only explain 5 per cent of migrations and drought\nitself only 0.8 per cent (Henry, Boyle, and Lambin 2003). In certain contexts, the\neffect can even be inversed. This was the case in Mali during the drought of the mid\n1980\u2019s: a reduction in international emigration was observed due to the lack of\navailable means to finance the journey (Findley 1994).\n\n\nThe general conclusion to be drawn here is that forecasts of increased migrations\nlinked to drought related phenomena remain hazardous. Consequently, it would be\ndifficult to put a figure on the magnitude of populations at risk and the eventual\nmigrations arising from global warming induced droughts.\n\n\n_Rising sea levels_\n\n\nWhile the first two climatic hazards mentioned do not foreshadow massive population\ndisplacements due to climate change, the potential for migration when linked to an\nincrease in sea level is considerable. Contrarily to hurricanes, rains and droughts, this\nphenomenon is virtually irreversible and manifests itself over a long period of time.\nThis could make migration the only possible option for the population affected.\n\n\nThe localization of the consequences of rising sea levels is a relatively easy task\nbecause the configuration of coastlines, their altitude and population are well known\nand thus easy to integrate into geographical information systems (GIS) that permit\nsimulations and forecasts. Hence, it is possible to calculate, on a global scale, the\nnumber of persons living in low elevation coastal zones and threatened by either\nrising water levels, higher tides or further-reaching waves. McGranahan, Balk and\nAnderson define \"Low elevation coastal zones\" as those situated at an altitude of less\nthan 10 metres (2007).\n\n\nEven though these zones only account for 2.2 per cent of dry land, they currently are a\nhome for 10.5 per cent of the world population, some 602 million people, of whom\n438 live in Asia and 246 in the poorest countries of the world (other authors furnish\nslightly lower figures totalling 397 million persons, but these, nevertheless, remain\nimpressive (Anthoff, Nicholls, Tol, and Vafeidis 2006)).\n\n\nIt would certainly be an exaggeration, however, to consider that these hundreds of\nmillions of people are all potential migrants in a near future. The latest report of the\nIPCC describes, of course, the possible melting of Greenland ice cover and the\nconsequent 7-metre rise in sea level, but this would occur over several thousand years.\nOf more concern to us here is the scenario of thermic expansion of the oceans.\nAccording to a future CO2 emission estimate based on continuing economic growth\nbut with a moderation of fossil fuel use (scenario A1B of the IPCC) one could\nwitness an increase of 0.3 to 0.8 metres of the oceans by 2300 (Intergovernmental\nPanel on Climate Change 2007b).\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "On this basis it seems reasonable to consider populations living at an altitude of less\nthan 1 metre as being directly vulnerable by the next century. A study commissioned\nwithin the framework of the Stern report estimates that this group would comprise a\nconsiderable 146 million people (Anthoff, Nicholls, Tol, and Vafeidis 2006). Mainly\nsituated in the major rivers, deltas and estuaries, the flood zones are particularly\npopulated in South Asia (Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra etc.) and East Asia (Mekong,\nYangtze, Pearl River, etc.). These two regions account for 75 per cent of the\npopulation at risk. Certain Pacific states such as Tuvalu or Kiribati are, in the shortterm, among the most threatened, as they are situated only centimetres above water.\nAlthough far less populated, they nevertheless have several thousand inhabitants.\n\n\nThe increase in sea levels appears to be the aspect of global warming that represents\nthe greatest direct threat for numerous populations. Contrary to hurricanes and\ndroughts, the localization of potential victims is ascertainable. If no measure of\nmoderation is taken and if no effort is made to protect the groups at risk, then they\nwill have no alternative but to emigrate.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nOur summary clearly shows that environmental degradation can generate migration\nflows. Global warming could, in particular, lead to major forced displacements. This\nwill result principally from rising sea levels, but will only progressively manifest itself\nover the coming centuries, with the exception of the flooding of certain islands. The\nincrease in droughts and meteorological disasters predicted by climatic models will\nalso have impacts in terms of migrations, but these will remain regional and shortterm, and are at present difficult to estimate.\n\n\nExisting research shows that due to the number of factors involved, no climatic or\nenvironmental hazards inevitably result in migrations. Many authors note that even if\ndisasters become more frequent in the future, political efforts and measures of\nprotection will be able to lessen the need to emigrate provided that the necessary\nfinancial means are made available. Even rising sea levels could be partially\ncounteracted by the erection of dykes or the filling in of threatened zones. The Stern\nreport is clear in this respect and states that \"the exact number who will actually be\ndisplaced or forced to migrate will depend on the level of investment, planning and\nresources\" (112), before estimating the cost of mitigation to be several billion dollars.\n\n\nThe overview we have carried out also shows that the very concept of climate or\nenvironmental refugees, because of its connotations of urgency and unavoidability, is\nto be handled with care. It actually evokes fantasies of uncontrollable waves of\nmigration that run the risk of stoking xenophobic reactions or serving as justification\nfor generalized policies of restriction for people seeking asylum.\n\n\nThe question of what the international system of protection should put in place to face\nthese challenges remains unanswered, and is all the more important because of the\nclear responsibility of rich countries for global warming. Simply including\nenvironmental motives in the 1951 definition of refugees seems politically unfeasible\ndue to the very likely opposition of receiving countries. It would probably not achieve\nits objective of protection as the majority of displacements take place in the interior of\nthe countries affected. It would also risk threatening the coherence of an international\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "framework of refugee protection that already has difficulty in obliging states to\nrespect their commitments. As stated in 2005 by the then Under Secretary General of\nthe UN, Hans van Ginkel \"This is a highly complex issue, with global organizations\nalready overwhelmed by the demands of the conventionally-recognized refugees as\noriginally defined in 1951. We should prepare now, however, to define, accept and\naccommodate this new breed of refugee within international framework\" (United\nNations University 2005) _._\n\n\nIt seems that two possibilities can be envisaged with regard to this: on one hand, an\nincreased international cooperation with a view to collective burden sharing of\nassistance and prevention in countries confronted with disasters, and on the other, the\nopening of emigration channels with the recognition of environmental push factors in\nsubsidiary international instruments of protection such as temporary protection\nschemes. This second option seems more viable for urgent cases but brings with it\nnumerous problems, in particular the question of responsibility for the displacement\nof the person from the disaster zone to the receiving zone.\n\n\nThe discussion of these possible solutions is largely beyond the scope of this article\nbut it is evident that without firm preventative action, global warming could have\nserious consequences in terms of forced migrations. This must be more widely\nrecognized and stimulate scientific and political awareness.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841ecb2-3a36-365e-bea1-bcffcd259f73/2F0E9CC7DB1B8F37C125741700516798-UNHCR_Jan2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_720/raw/doc_720_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_720/raw/doc_720_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4582110822768113b8d725c89c22106e6464ef11..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_720/raw/doc_720_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Latin America and the Caribbean remains a region that continues to offer meaningful opportunities to drive progress on\nprotection and solutions for refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people. Yet, to convert this potential into lasting impact,\nstronger support and sustained investment from the international community are pivotal to ensuring their rights, safety, stability,\nand long-term socio-economic integration.\n\n\nThe increasing number of returns in the region needs to be accompanied by strengthened reception and reintegration capacities\nin countries of origin. UNHCR works to ensure that those in need of international protection are properly identified and that\nreturnees have access to legal, social and economic support to facilitate their sustainable reintegration, reducing the risk of\nrenewed displacement.\n\n\n**POPULATION IN THE AMERICAS FROM** **FUNDING (AS OF 30 APRIL 2025)**\n**THE MID-YEAR TRENDS 2024**\n\n\n\n20.3 million people | 17% of global total\n\n\n\nRefugees\n\n\nAsylum-seekers\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\nStateless persons\n\n\nOthers of concern\n\n\nOther people in\nneed of internal\n\nprotection\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**8.1 M**\n\n\n## USD 815.2 million\n##### requested for the Americas in 2025\n\nFunded\n150.2 million\n\n\nUnfunded\n665 million\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a512e80a-80b1-5601-a2aa-9d3a38011c29/UNHCR_Americas_Factsheet_May_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR PRESENCE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### 982\n\nNational Staff\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFACT SHEET AMERICAS | MAY 2025\n\n\nMakendy, a refugee from Haiti, was relocated\nthrough UNHCR\u2019s Local Integration Programme to\nAguascalientes, where he secured a job an auto\nparts factory.\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Jeoffrey Guillemard\n\n\n\nNational Staff\n\n\n### 281\n\n\n\nInternational Staff\n### 732\n\nWomen\n### 530\n\nMen\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOperational Context\n\n\nViolence, persecution, human rights violations, insecurity, and the impact\nof disasters continue to drive forced displacement in the Americas. By\nmid- 2024, the Americas hosted more than 20.3 million refugees, forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless people, including 5.8 million refugees and asylumseekers, 8.1 million internally displaced persons, and 5.8 million other\npeople in need of international protection.1\n\n\nIn 2024, forced displacement in the Americas was worsened by extreme\nweather events, including severe flooding in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,\nwhich affected over 2.3 million people, caused 173 deaths, and displaced\nover 422,000 individuals, including refugees and others in need of\ninternational protection.\n\n\nThe situation in the Americas remains complex in 2025, with continued\nforced displacement internally and across borders, returns and increasing\nreverse flows.\n\n\nCross-border population movements across the Americas continued to\ndecline in 2025, though dynamics varied across countries. Entries into\nPanama through the Darien jungle dropped sharply in the first quarter of\n2025, with only 2,831 people recorded\u2014 a 97% decrease compared to\n\n\nStrategy\n\n\nStrengthening asylum systems\n\n\n\nthe same period in 2024. However, conflict and violence, particularly in\nColombia and Haiti, continue to be major drivers of internal and external\ndisplacement.\n\n\nA growing number of individuals from various nationalities, including\nVenezuelans, Ecuadorians, and Colombians, have been reported going\nsouthbound, including opting for maritime routes. Since January 2025,\nthis increased trend of people heading south has been observed at key\nborder points, accompanied by a rising number of individuals seeking\naccess to national asylum systems.\n\n\nUNHCR works to strengthen asylum systems, provide emergency shelter,\nhealthcare, and food, and protect vulnerable populations, including\ndisplaced children and women at risk of violence. The significant reduction\nin funding for UNHCR is, however, forcing the organization to downsize\nlife-saving programmes, leaving thousands of refugees, forcibly displaced\nand stateless people at risk.\n\n\n[1] Updated figures will be available as of mid-June when the Global Trends Report is published.\n\n\n\nUNHCR strengthens domestic asylum systems through enhanced efficiencies, differentiated processing modalities, improved technology\n(digitalization), backlog reduction mechanisms, and the provision of legal aid to asylum-seekers. Building and strengthening asylum\ncapacity remains a priority in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,\nand Uruguay.\n\n\nThe increase in displacement in Central America and Mexico over recent years has exposed those in need of international protection to\nheightened protection risks, while placing a tremendous strain on reception systems. By end of 2024, some 78,000 new asylum claims\nwere lodged in Mexico, mostly by Hondurans, Cubans, Haitians, and Salvadorans. Costa Rica remains the main hosting country for\nNicaraguans in need of international protection. UNHCR supports States in the subregion to equip asylum systems with the necessary\nflexibility to process increasing number of requests in a way that promotes fairness and efficiency.\n\n\nIn South America, the prima facie provisions of Brazilian refugee law have enabled the recognition of refugee status for over 153,000\nindividuals, on a cumulative basis since 2010. In Uruguay, the recent adoption of a prima facie procedure for the recognition of refugee\nstatus has identified more than 3,900 eligible Venezuelan asylum-seekers.\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a512e80a-80b1-5601-a2aa-9d3a38011c29/UNHCR_Americas_Factsheet_May_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FACT SHEET AMERICAS | MAY 2025\n\n\nEnhancing humanitarian response\n\n\nUNHCR supports governments in delivering life-saving humanitarian assistance to people forced to flee their homes. This includes\nproviding access to information, legal aid, shelter, and primary health care, while promoting the inclusion of refugees, forcibly displaced\nand stateless people in public policies and national systems.\n\n\nUNHCR is intensifying efforts to reduce the impact of extreme weather disasters on refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people\nand advocates for their integration into national adaptation and resilience plans. The agency actively collaborates with governments\nto enhance emergency preparedness and response, especially considering recent extreme weather-related crises in Brazil, Ecuador,\nColombia, and El Salvador.\n\n\nInvesting in integration\n\n\nStabilization and long-term integration are critical pillars in addressing forced displacement across the Americas. By fostering access to\nemployment, housing, health, education, and social protection programmes, UNHCR seeks to support refugees in rebuilding their lives,\npromote social cohesion, and stabilization while reducing the risks of undertaking dangerous journeys. UNHCR continues strengthening\nits collaboration with governments, civil society, international financial and development institutions, and the private sector to support\nnational strategies that empower refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people, facilitate local integration, and enhance community\ncohesion.\n\n\nIn 2024, UNHCR worked with development and financial actors such as the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, and the\nInternational Monetary Fund. UNHCR has also partnered with the International Finance Corporation to advance financial inclusion for\nrefugees. Statistical inclusion for persons in need of international protection has helped ensure their inclusion in government planning.\n\n\nUNHCR collaborates with the private sector to connect refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people with job opportunities. In Brazil,\n147,000 Venezuelans have been relocated internally and received housing, access to employment, social benefits, and education. In\n[Mexico, more than 50,000 refugees and asylum-seekers have relocated from the south to the centre of the country and have found](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/mexico-marks-milestone-50-000-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-find-stability-and)\nformal employment with more than 650 companies since 2016. Moreover, 600 refugees initiated their naturalization process with the\n[help of UNHCR in 2024. In Ecuador, 102 private sector companies and chambers of commerce have become allies in promoting and](https://www.acnur.org/noticias/avisos/102-companias-en-ecuador-obtuvieron-el-sello-empresa-inclusiva)\nstewarding inclusive policies towards people forced to flee. By the end of 2024, in Peru, 2,794 individuals benefitted from livelihoods\nand economic inclusion interventions, including technical training programmes, support for self-employment and wage-employment,\nand support to skills certification and/or diploma recognition amongst others. This includes supporting youth aged 17 to 25 with access\nto employment following technical training.\n\n\nIn the Americas, local authorities are crucial for integrating refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people, especially in urban areas.\nThe \"Cities of Solidarity\" initiative supports local governments' efforts, based on the Mexico and Brazil Plans of Action. The Chile Plan\nof Action seeks to further promote and strengthen the Cities of Solidarity programme, through joint work with municipalities, local\nauthorities, partners and other local actors. These efforts help provide access to basic social services and facilitate social cohesion and\npeaceful coexistence through public policies that remain in force despite any changes in public administration.\n\n\nLegal stay arrangements\n\n\nUNHCR supports States that have implemented protection sensitive legal stay arrangements for people in need of international\nprotection, including refugees and others, through material and technical assistance, capacity development, and public information\ncampaigns to maximize the long-term impact of these initiatives as a tool for protection, socio-economic integration and development.\n\n\nSeveral States in the region have established new or expanded legal stay arrangements and temporary protection processes for\nVenezuelans. In Colombia, 2.4 million Venezuelans have been able to access temporary protection permits, and a new process (PEP\nTutor) was announced in June 2024 to benefit some additional 600,000. In Ecuador, a new regularization process resulted in 14,905\ntemporary stay certificates, and almost 15,000 new or renewed VIRTE visas. Brazil granted over 479,000 temporary residency permits.\nIn Uruguay, more than 2,500 asylum-seekers with a pending asylum claim have accessed the \u201cResidencia por Arraigo\u201d programme.\nArgentina announced in 2024 a regularization process to benefit Venezuelan nationals, which was extended until 19 January 2025. In\nPeru, since 2021, 90,000 individuals, mostly Venezuelans, have benefitted from a humanitarian stay permit.\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a512e80a-80b1-5601-a2aa-9d3a38011c29/UNHCR_Americas_Factsheet_May_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FACT SHEET AMERICAS | MAY 2025\n\n\n\n\n\nCoordination and Partnerships\n\n\n\nThe Americas are at the forefront of implementing the Global Compact on\nRefugees through various regional coordination mechanisms and regional\nstate-led processes, such as the R4V platform, Quito Process, MIRPS, and\nthe Cartagena +40 process.\n\n\nUNHCR, in partnership with IOM, leads the R4V platform in 17 countries in\nthe Americas, incorporating of large numbers of civil society, and refugee\nand migrant-led organizations to further localization of the response. In\naddition, a cornerstone of the overall strategy remains efforts to transition\nfrom humanitarian assistance to stabilization and socio-economic inclusion\nactivities.\n\n\nIn Haiti, UNHCR is partnering with WFP to broaden access to their hotline\nand develop a joint interagency feedback and response management\nsystem, uniting 18 agencies, as part of an effort to make humanitarian\nresponse more focused on people\u2019s needs.\n\n\nAs part of the Cartagena+40 process, on 12 December 2024, countries\nin Latin America and the Caribbean [adopted the Chile Declaration and](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fcartagena-40-chile-declaration-and-plan-action-consolidate-regional-leadership%3F_gl%3D1*1widmu7*_gcl_au*NDAwNjI5NDU0LjE3MjgzMTI1NzI.*_rup_ga*MjA4NjAwMjA3Ni4xNjg5MDk1NzMy*_rup_ga_EVDQTJ4LMY*MTczNDAyNzk1NC42ODUuMS4xNzM0MDI4MjUyLjYwLjAuMA..*_ga*MjA4NjAwMjA3Ni4xNjg5MDk1NzMy*_ga_N5E1DWNSS0*MTczNDAyNzk1NC40NDEuMS4xNzM0MDI4MjUyLjYwLjAuMA..&data=05%7C02%7Csantiest%40unhcr.org%7C52c1db7ba8384cab81ee08dd31a833db%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638721320671258251%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UpocIYg20VdD6Kpmr2fw%2FVf0M7FyrF2vrc7BxXmfSRM%3D&reserved=0)\n[Plan of Action, reaffirming their commitment to protection, and sustainable](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fcartagena-40-chile-declaration-and-plan-action-consolidate-regional-leadership%3F_gl%3D1*1widmu7*_gcl_au*NDAwNjI5NDU0LjE3MjgzMTI1NzI.*_rup_ga*MjA4NjAwMjA3Ni4xNjg5MDk1NzMy*_rup_ga_EVDQTJ4LMY*MTczNDAyNzk1NC42ODUuMS4xNzM0MDI4MjUyLjYwLjAuMA..*_ga*MjA4NjAwMjA3Ni4xNjg5MDk1NzMy*_ga_N5E1DWNSS0*MTczNDAyNzk1NC40NDEuMS4xNzM0MDI4MjUyLjYwLjAuMA..&data=05%7C02%7Csantiest%40unhcr.org%7C52c1db7ba8384cab81ee08dd31a833db%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638721320671258251%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UpocIYg20VdD6Kpmr2fw%2FVf0M7FyrF2vrc7BxXmfSRM%3D&reserved=0)\nresponses for refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people in the\nregion. In line with the Global Compact on Refugees, the Chile Declaration\nand Plan of Action engages multiple stakeholders under a comprehensive\n\n\n\napproach across all stages of displacement. Notably, refugee-anddisplaced-led organizations in the region actively engaged throughout\nthe process and have formally [pledged to participate and follow-up on the](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/pledges-contributions)\nimplementation of the plan.\n\n\nUNHCR played a key role in the adoption of the plan, acting as Technical\nSecretary of the Cartagena +40 Process. This included preparing and\ndeveloping key thematic regional consultations in Mexico, Colombia and\nBrazil and supporting States in drafting the Chile Declaration and Plan of\nAction, as well as its adoption at a high-level meeting in December 2024,\nin Santiago de Chile.\n\n\nUNHCR remains committed to further promoting localization efforts and\nthe meaningful participation of refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless\npeople. Seventy-two per cent of partner agreements in the Americas are\nwith local and refugee or IDP-led NGOs.\n\n\nIn 2025, UNHCR is working with the Latin American and Caribbean\nrefugee-led organizations Articulation Group (GARLOS) on strengthening\nlocal chapters and advancing training, communications, and advocacy\nproducts, including training on international protection, asylum and\nsolutions.\n\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a512e80a-80b1-5601-a2aa-9d3a38011c29/UNHCR_Americas_Factsheet_May_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Private Sector\n\n\nUNHCR and FEMSA, Mexico\u2019s largest multinational beverage and retail\ncompany, are launching a three-year partnership to support over 19,000\nrefugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people and host community\nmembers across Mexico and Latin America. Beginning in 2025, FEMSA\u2019s\n\n\nInnovation\n\n\nThe Americas continues to lead in piloting innovative solutions that\nstrengthen UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate and empower refugees, forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless people to take a leading role in the humanitarian\nresponse\u2014designing and implementing projects that address the\nchallenges they face firsthand.\n\n\n[Through UNHCR\u00b4s Environment and Climate Action Innovation Fund, the](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/environment-and-climate-action-innovation/)\n[Guardians of the Mangrove project in Colombia engaged over 200 forcibly](https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/mangrove-conservation-brings-brighter-future-fishing-community-colombia)\ndisplaced people in restoring mangroves, removing 2.5 tons of waste,\npromoting sustainable livelihoods, and building ties with local authorities\u2014\n\n\nResponse to Extreme Weather-Related Disasters\n\n\nUNHCR is increasing efforts to mitigate the impact of extreme weather\nevents and disasters on refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people\nwhile supporting disaster response. It has identified three key priorities:\nprotection-centered climate action, timely responses to emerging\nchallenges, integrating climate adaptation into humanitarian programmes.\n\n\nThe Chile Declaration and Plan of Action includes specific provisions to\nprotect vulnerable populations and strengthen practical legal protection\nmechanisms amid climate-related disasters. This is especially critical given\nthe significant overlap between climate-affected areas and communities\n\n\n\nFACT SHEET AMERICAS | MAY 2025\n\n\nfinancial contribution will help advance labour integration, promote\npeaceful coexistence, and expand access to employment, financial\nservices, and sustainable solutions through its operations.\n\n\ngaining international recognition at COP16. In Panama\u2019s Dari\u00e9n region, the\n[Data Innovation Fund](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/data-innovation/) supported a participatory mapping initiative led by\nIndigenous women that tackled the environmental impact of displacement\nin Bajo Chiquito and improved community resilience through waste\nmanagement. Under the [Refugee-Led Innovation Fund, Fundaci\u00f3n](https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/refugee-led-innovation-fund/)\nGenval\u2019s project in Soacha, Colombia, engaged almost 700 people in\ncommunity-led tourism and agroecology, diversifying livelihoods and\nempowering local leaders\u2014fostering social cohesion between forcibly\ndisplaced and host communities and long-term resilience.\n\n\ninhabited by refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people, resulting in\ncompounded vulnerabilities.\n\n\nIn 2024, UNHCR also participated in hearings before the Inter-American\nCourt of Human Rights in Manaus, following its submission of an Amicus\nBrief for an Advisory Opinion on States\u2019 human rights obligations in the\ncontext of the climate emergency, as requested by Colombia and Chile.\nThis ongoing engagement highlights UNHCR\u2019s continued commitment in\n2025 to strengthen legal frameworks that protect displaced populations\nfacing the growing impacts of climate change.\n\n\n\n\n\nCONTACT\nSalvador Santiesteban, Reporting Officer, Regional Bureau Americas [santiest@unhcr.org](mailto:calvoc@unhcr.org)\nLINKS: [AMERICAS GLOBAL FOCUS | DATA PORTAL | X: @ACNUR_es](https://reporting.unhcr.org/americas)\n\n\n[www.unhcr.org](https://www.unhcr.org/) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a512e80a-80b1-5601-a2aa-9d3a38011c29/UNHCR_Americas_Factsheet_May_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_721/raw/doc_721_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_721/raw/doc_721_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f186b19109fbd01b98774b3897deab338ce71678..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_721/raw/doc_721_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,225 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 244**\n\n# **\u2018Because I am a stranger\u2019** **Urban refugees in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon**\n\n\n**Emily Mattheisen**\n\n\nCentre for Migration and Refugee Studies\n\nThe American University in Cairo\n\n\nE-mail: EmilyMattheisen@gmail.com\n\n\nSeptember 2012\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues.\nThe papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under\n\u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nAs of January 2011, UNHCR reported that there were more than 106,000 refugees and asylum\nseekers living in Cameroon, over 14,000 of them living in urban and peri-urban areas. The\nmajority come from neighbouring and nearby states such as Burundi, the Central African\nRepublic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Nigeria, Rwanda and Sudan.\n\nCameroon is signatory to most conventions and treaties that articulate human rights, including\nthe 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugee and 1967 Protocol (hereafter referred to as\nthe \u201c1951 Convention\u201d) and the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of\nRefugee Problems in Africa (hereafter referred to as the \u201cOAU Convention\u201d). Cameroon adopted\nnational legislation regarding the status of refugees in 2005. Of particular importance are the\nprovisions found in Chapter III of the law, which outline the rights and obligations of refugees\nhosted in Cameroon.\n\n\nArticle 9 grants refugees several important rights, including the right to practice religion freely,\nthe right to property, freedom of association, the right to sue, the right to work, the right to\neducation, the right to housing, the right to social assistance, freedom of movement, the right to\nobtain identity and travel documents, the right to transfer of assets, and the right to naturalisation.\nAdditionally, Article 10 states that refugees are required to comply with the same laws and\nregulations on the same basis as nationals. Essentially, it is expected that refugees comply with\nthe same standards and laws that apply to nationals and in turn be treated as nationals.\n\n\nArticle 16 of the law indicates that the government will create a national committee for\ndetermining refugee status and appeals, however this has not been done and the UNHCR still\nshoulders the responsibility in determining refugee status. In reference to this law, UNHCR\nCameroon country representative Aida Haile Mariam, statea that \u201cit\u2019s a very good law, with very\ngood principles, but to apply this law there should be a Presidential Decree and we are waiting\nfor this Presidential decree for the application of the law.\u201d\n\nIn addition to providing a commission for RSD and appeals, Article 9 of the 2005 refuge law\nindicates that refugees have the right to government issued identity documents. This\ndocumentation has not yet been issued, and has been quite problematic for many refugees living\nin Cameroon. Several of those interviewed for this research claimed that authorities often\nharassed them because they did not recognise UNHCR refugee documentation.\n\nTo try to alleviate this issue, UNHCR has sent a specimen of documents to the authorities and\ninstitutions (i.e. banks, money transfer companies, etc.) so that they are able to become familiar\nwith the various documents that refugees will use for identification, however this problem still\npersists. In regard to this issue of identification documents, a UNHCR official stated that \u201cit\nbrings about a certain vulnerability for the refugees with police men who will harass them,\nsaying \u2018I don\u2019t know this, I don\u2019t recognise this\u2019, so if the government had issued the ID card we\nbelieve that it will enhance the protection for refugees, or at least make life easier [for the\nrefugees]\u201d.However, as UNHCR, other organisations, and the refugee community await the\ndecree on this law, the refugees still must live and work and carry on their everyday lives.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR refugee documentation", - "confidence": 0.7892066240310669, - "start": 465, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.854758620262146, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9888301491737366, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Urban refugees**\n\nThe regional dynamics of many of the conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa generate a perspective of\nrefugees as a potential security threat, as governments fear that some refugees will involve the\ncountry in the conflict, for example by using the host country as a base for rebel groups to attack\ntheir home country. [1] The host country\u2019s desire to protect and separate itself from the effects of\nconflict, and the conflict itself, influence the way in which treatment, assistance, and polices are\nformed towards refugees. This is often achieved by confining refugees into camps and\nsettlements where they are prevented from moving freely, which is essential to their ability to\naccess many of their economic and social rights, such as employment. [2]\n\n\nRefugees in Cameroon are mostly self-settled, as there is only one refugee camp in the country,\nthe Langui camp, located in the extreme north of the country near the border of Chad, and thus is\nhome to a large number of Chadian refugees; however the UNHCR is working to repatriate some\n1,000 Chadian refugees upon the signing and finalising of an agreement with the government of\nCameroon.3In Cameroon the large majority of refugees in country are coming from the\n\nneighbouring country CAR, with 80,900 living in the East and Adamaoua regions of Cameroon. [4]\n\nThe refugees from CAR are mostly from the Mboro ethnic group, which are nomadic cattle\nherders found in CAR, Cameroon, parts of DRC and Chad; refugees from CAR are not accepted\non an individual basis, but rather _prima facie._ Many of the Mboro refugees stay in the rural parts\nof the East and Adamaoua regions, among the Cameroonian population, because many\nCameroonian Mboro live there, and according to representatives of UNHCR, the Mboro peoples\nfrom CAR know the land, so when they came as refugees they knew where they were able to\nstay.\n\nAlthough most refugees stay in more rural areas, many refugees, including those from CAR,\nchoose to move into the larger cities of Cameroon, mainly Yaound\u00e9 and Douala. The refugees\nmove towards the cities for many reasons, but those interviewed indicated two primary reasons\nfor coming to Yaound\u00e9: the first was to find work, and the second was because they already\nknew some people in the city, who presumably came to find work. Refugees living in urban\nareas have different needs and obstacles than those who live in camps or rural settlements, and in\norder to understand the needs and protection issues for urban refugees it is important to discuss\nsome of the literature on the subject of integration and urban refugees.\n\nMany refugees enter urban settings hoping to have the opportunity to retain self-sufficiency and\nearn an income in order to support their family, but the reality of living as a refugee in a city can\nbe difficult without proper support mechanisms. The reality is that many refugees in the Global\nSouth face grave rights violations and extreme levels of poverty. [5]\n\n\nThe spatial dispersion of urban refugees makes it difficult for aid organisations to easily identify\nrefugees and access them, and for organisations such as UNHCR, identifying and registering\nrefugees is an important component to assessing how much aid is needed. On the other side of\n\n1Akokpari, _supra_ note 13\n2 Harrell-Bond, _supra_ note 5\n3 Based on information gathered during interview with UNHCR representatives.\n4 UNHCR, _supra_ note 1\n5 Harrell-Bond, _supra_ note 5\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "this issue, often times it is difficult for urban refugees to reach out to UNHCR, as locating the\noffice may be difficult for a newcomer to that particular city, which is made increasingly difficult\nif there is a language barrier between the refugee and the host population. [6] Unfortunately, host\ngovernments within the Global South often restrict services available to urban refugees, as they\nfear it will create \u201cpull factors\u201d that make their city more appealing for more refugees. [7]\n\n\n**Livelihood strategies**\n\n\nIn Cameroon however, the vast majority of the refugees come from similar cultural backgrounds\nand countries where French is the primary language, so for most, communication and language is\nnot much of a barrier. However, despite these similarities, finding employment and getting by in\nan urban area is not easy for refugees. Although according to domestic law refugees are able to\naccess employment in Cameroon, the reality is that it is not easy for them to find opportunities to\nearn an income.\n\nFor refugees living in urban areas, usually among the local poor, they will have to compete for\njobs and resources among the local population, further exacerbating the vulnerability of the\nresident poor and increasing social tensions. [8] Refugees are able to compete with, and potentially\ndisplace local workers; this could happen when the skills of the refugee(s) are greater or when\nthey are willing to accept lower wages and work conditions. [9] The other view is that allowing\nrefugees to integrate into the local community can produce multiplier effects, \u201cby expanding the\ncapacity and productivity of the local economy\u201d, contributing their skills, labour and resources. [10]\n\nWith a high unemployment rate among the local population of Cameroon, the ability for refugees\nto compete for limited job opportunities is more difficult. According to UNHCR representatives,\n\u201cCameroon has a lot of educated people, so competing in the job market is not easy for refugees,\nas highly qualified Cameroonians are already employed\u201d. All refugees interviewed in this\nresearch were very clear to make the point that it is not easy for them to find work in Cameroon,\nand that every day is a struggle living in Yaound\u00e9.\n\n\nPrior to arriving in Cameroon, many of the refugees had a stable income, or at least were able to\nmeet their needs; many of those interviewed had fields and livestock in their home countries, and\nsome worked office jobs. Several refugees in Cameroon are unable to find a job that matches\ntheir skill set, and because of non-recognition of education or previous experience/gained skills,\nmany refugees often suffer from underemployment, which is defined as \u201cholding a job which\ndoes not require the level of skills or qualifications possessed by the jobholder\u201d. [11]\n\nThis is not an issue unique to Cameroon, but also in other refugee-hosting countries in both the\nGlobal South and North. One woman from Rwanda who has been living in Cameroon for over\n15 years, since July 1995, said that \u201chere [in Cameroon] they do not recognise our diplomas, the\n\n\n6 D. Buscher, \u2018Case Identification: Challenges Posted by Urban Refugees\u2019 _,_ NGO Note for the Agenda Item, _Annual_\n_Tripartite Consultations on Resettlements_, Geneva 18\u201319 June 2003.\n7 _Id._\n8 A. Tibaijuka, A., \u2018Adapting to urban displacement\u2019, _Forced Migration Review_, February 2010, p. 4.\n9Jacobsen, _supra_ note 13\n10 _Id._\n11Ager & Strang, _supra_ note 47\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees come after the Cameroonians\u2026in Rwanda I was a computer secretary, but here I cannot\nfind any work.\u201d For this woman she is not able to use the skill set she possess, to make ends meet\nshe used to sell mobile phone cards and credit, or other random items on the street, but in her\nwords \u201cit is difficult to find money, to work, to get food . . . there are a lot of problems.\u201d\n\nIn order to get by, many refugees work odd jobs in the informal sector, or sell things on the\nstreet, and some refugees interviewed even admitted to resorting to begging on the streets to\nmeet their financial needs. A 16 year old boy interviewed said that \u201cmy father is working in a\nconstruction site but is a victim of discrimination and the money is not being paid to him\u2026I am\nalways searching for jobs to help my father and junior brother.\u201d Unfortunately, according to\nDamien Eloundou of the organisation RESPECT, employers under payment and lack of pay, is\nsomething that many refugees experience. On the flipside of this issue, a representative at CRAT\nindicated that being withheld pay is something that happens to many Cameroonians as well.\n\n\nSome refugees have been able to find temporary work with friends or odd jobs, but none\ninterviewed have found a permanent or stable solution. Although there is a lack of jobs in\nCameroon, there are several other reasons that are preventing refugees from finding gainful\nemployment. Mr. Moundzego of _R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sans Fronti\u00e9rs_ stated that \u201cWithin the society the\nperception of refugees is changed with time, however there is still the idea that a refugee is\nsomeone who is a criminal and who came to the steal the work of the Cameroonians\u2026they are\nsomeone who has no money.\u201d\n\n\nThe majority of refugees that were interviewed during this project support this view. An article\nwas also found in the _Cameroon Tribune_ newspaper, which had an interview with a refugee\nliving in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, he explained that he moved to Yaound\u00e9 in order to find a job, but\nhad not been successful, which he also indicates is a problem for many refugees living in that\ncity: \"Whenever refugees go to look for jobs anywhere people fear to recruit them because they\nbelieve that refugees are thieves. They don't have confidence in refugees\u2026\" [12]\n\nSeveral of the refugees interviewed for this research indicated that no one wanted to give them\nwork because of their status as a refugee in Cameroon. When discussing the treatment they\nreceived from the host population and the ability to find a job, all refugees interviewed explained\nthat it was difficult for them \u201cbecause I am a stranger\u201d, \u201cfrom the outside\u201d or because \u201cI am\ndifferent\u201d.\n\nAlthough there are many similarities between the refugee population and the host community,\nthere is also a clear distinction that exists; all refugee interviewed indicated that they experienced\nsome sort of harassment and/or discrimination because they were refugees, and most connected\nthis directly to their ability to find wage-earning work in Yaound\u00e9. However, several refugees\nstated that the discrimination they face is not experienced with all Cameroonians, in some cases\nthey indicated that the locals supported them and treated them well; simply put by one refugee\nfrom CAR, \u201csome Cameroonians are nice, some are not.\u201d\n\n\nAs discussed previously, identity documentation is a big problem for refugees living in\nCameroon, as many authorities and institutions do not recognise UNHCR identity cards and\n\n\n12 E. Mosima, \u2018Refugees at ease in Yaounde\u2019, _Cameroon Tribune_, 24 June 2009, retrieved 24 April 2011 from\n< _h_ ttp://wwwallafrica.com>.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research", - "confidence": 0.6997407674789429, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cameroon", - "confidence": 0.8491236567497253, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9015599489212036, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "papers. This issue extends to finding employment in the formal sector of Cameroon. For refugees\nwho wish to participate in the trade and commercial activities, not having national identity\ndocuments hinders this desire, so some, in addition to their refugee documentation card, possess\nthe _carte de s\u00e9jour_ (a two year residence permit)or _carte de resident_ (a ten year residence\npermit).\n\nAccording to UNHCR\u2019s Deputy Representative, for those who are involved in trade or\ncommercial activities, they purchase this permit \u201cin order to pay for their taxes and to be\nregistered and really to be seen as a credible commercial actor they will need to present this\ndocument- even though by law they should not need it, in practices it\u2019s what the people will ask\nfor.\u201d However, only those who have the means for the permit are able to obtain one; it is\nprimarily Rwandans who have this permit, as most of them have been in Cameroon for over ten\nyears and are more involved in commercial activity compared to refugees from other\nnationalities.\n\n\nDirectly connected to the ability to earn money is the ability to find adequate housing. Urban\nrefugees within the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa usually become part of the urban poor, as such\ntheir marginalised position in the city means they often live in the slums of the city. Although\nrent may be cheaper in the poor, slum areas of the cities, if one is not earning an income rent\nbecomes near impossible to pay. According to the UNHCR Deputy Representative, \u201cthe issue of\nrent is a huge problem in an urban setting, and we do not have the resources to pay for rents\u201d. In\nsome cases, UNHCR is able to assist with paying rent, however, \u201cit\u2019s a temporary measure for an\non-going problem\u201d.\n\n\nIn addition to the difficulties in paying rent, many refugees in Yaound\u00e9 live in small, unfinished\nslum housing. Most of the refugees interviewed lived with many people in a small one-room\nhouse, often sharing one bed with several people. Two refugees interviewed were squatting in\nunfinished construction sites, which were dangerous, with partial floors leading to large drop offs\namong other things [13] ;one young woman from CAR with three small children said, \u201cwe will stay\n\nhere until someone removes us\u201d.\n\nAccording to Damien Eloundou of RESPECT, it is very common for refugees and some very\npoor Cameroonians to live in this type of housing because they only have to pay a very small\namount, however when the owner decides to resume construction they must leave. Many of the\nrefugees have changed houses several times during their stay in Yaound\u00e9.\n\nA refugee man from CAR, who had seven children with him, has moved seven times since he\nfirst arrived in Cameroon in 2006. This man was recently removed from his house, and without\nmoney to find a new residence, the landlord allowed him to build a small \u201chouse\u201d on the adjacent\nempty lot. Using spare wood he could find, this man built a makeshift, one room house for him\nand his family, however he was not able to construct a roof for the house, and as it was the rainy\nseason, this posed many difficulties. [14]\n\n\nA female refugee from DRC said that in Cameroon there is \u201cno consideration, no rights, no\nknowledge of these rights\u2026it is very difficult to live in Cameroon, especially with children.\n\n\n13 Based on observations from field visits in July 2011\n14 _Id._\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Difficult and frustrating.\u201d This frustration, expressed by many refugees, is rooted in the difficult\nlives they face living in Cameroon. Refugees move to the cities often times with the intention of\nbeing able to work and provide for their families\u2019 basic needs, as stated previously. The\norganisation CRAT, which primarily focuses on mental health issues, recognises that\nemployment/livelihood strategies have a direct connection to the mental health of refugees.\nAccording to a psychologist working at CRAT, \u201cthe first is the issue [for refugees] in Cameroon\nis of employment, it is very difficult for refugees here \u2026 there are many, and they are jobless.\u201d\nThe inability to find work and meet basic needs may trigger mental health issues, or exacerbates\nexisting conditions.\n\nAs has been demonstrated, jobs are not easy to come by for most refugees, and in order to earn\nmoney some choose to invest in small businesses. Some organisations assist refugees in their\nlivelihoods through allowing them to be able to gain independence and earn their own money. In\n2009-2010 CRAT, in conjunction with the US Embassy in Cameroon, began a project entitled\n\u201cImproving the Coping Status of Urban Refugees\u201d. This project was initiated after a survey and\nresearch project was done with many of the torture victims that CRAT assists, the results of\nwhich showed a strong link between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety and depression,\nwith a lack of livelihood support. According to a psychologist at CRAT, when people are unable\nto meet their basic needs, it is very difficult to treat their mental health issues.\n\nThis project took 50 refugees living in Yaound\u00e9, mostly women, and assisted them with skills\ntraining for managing a small business as well as a start-up kit, and the refugees were also given\nassistance in saving money through CRAT. As of summer 2011, approximately 75% of the\nbeneficiaries were still doing well and earning an income from the business they started.\nAlthough this project was only able to target a small number of refugees, the success that many\nof the recipients experienced is encouraging, and supports projects directed more towards\nempowerment and assisting refugees in earning their own money over direct financial aid.\n\n\nAnother, similar type of livelihood assistance is also provided by UNHCR in Cameroon. For\nthose refugees that show initiative and have the desire to start their own small businesses,\nUNHCR offers skills training to develop their business skills, as well as further training for some\nin business management. This is done in conjunction with an NGO who has a focused capacity\non business training, and upon completion they are given a start-up kit for their business.\n\nAccording to UNHCR officials, many of the small business include activities like selling peanuts\nand other small food items, as well as small shops that sell various goods. The organisation\nRESPECT offers training in sewing skills for many refugee women, so they can work as\ndressmakers and tailors. There are many women who want to participate in this program, but\naccording to the organisation, the problem is having money to purchase materials for the women\nto work with and sell.\n\nAll organisations interviewed stressed the importance of skills training and assisting the refugees\nto have the ability to earn their own money, however, for many refugees they are heavily\ndependent on aid. According to UNHCR country representative, \u201cwhat [the refugees] would\nprefer is to receive regular assistance\u2026a sort of salary, but we do not have the means to do that\nand I do not think it is a desirable assistance program in this way- they should bring a\ncontribution also to help themselves and we try encourage them\u201d, she went on to indicate that\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Improving the Coping Status of Urban Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6497836709022522, - "start": 214, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5354705452919006, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yaound\u00e9", - "confidence": 0.7691523432731628, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009-2010", - "confidence": 0.9619706273078918, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5243837237358093, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "those who really want to succeed in becoming independent are the ones who are pursuing the\nvarious training programs offered by UNHCR.\n\nThis opinion of assistance programming is consistent with the information in the UNHCR policy\non urban refugees, which states that \u201cUNHCR will support the efforts of urban refugees to\nbecome self-reliant, both by means of employment or self-employment.\u201d [15] Regarding the\npsychosocial opinion on the issue of self-reliance and independence, one researcher notes,\n\u201cultimately a population recovers from war not as recipients of aid or as patients but as active\ncitizens. Structural poverty, landlessness, and lack of violable jobs too often retard this\nrebuilding of lives\u201d. [16]\n\n\nMany of the refugees interviewed have spent time in and IDP or refugee camp, sometimes both,\nwhich has made them more dependent on financial assistance, as psychologist working at CRAT\nstated that \u201cmany refugees are actually less eager to do something [work] because they expect\neverything from the UNHCR\u2026they have dependency on the help they receive from UNHCR,\nwhich is a big difficulty\u201d. In an urban setting where aid is not distributed like in a camp, it is\nimportant that refugees are equipped with the skills and tools they need successfully meet their\nneeds. Although it has not reached all refugees in the city, the organisations working in Yaound\u00e9\nhave been working towards the goal of independence and empowerment for refugees.\n\n\n**Other assistance**\n\nRefugees living in Yaound\u00e9 do have some aid assistance available to them. Several refugees\ninterviewed complained of medical problems, especially with the children. [17] Access to primary\n\nhealth care is provided through UNHCR\u2019s implementing partner, the Cameroonian Red Cross,\nand all refugees interviewed (25) indicated that they have received assistance from this\norganisation.\n\nA problem for some was illness related to malnutrition, such as calcium deficiency and anaemia;\nfor these cases, UNHCR assists the refugees with their special diet needs. For those who have\nmedical problems or are recovering from treatment that requires them to have a caretaker,\nUNHCR will pay for the refugee who volunteers to care for the patient. Unfortunately medical\nproblems tend to persist because of unsanitary living conditions, malnutrition, and unsafe\ndrinking water, among other things.\n\n\nAs mentioned briefly in a previous section, the organisation CRAT works with urban refugees in\nYaound\u00e9 to assist with mental health needs. According to a psychologist working at CRAT,\nmany [refugees] come from rural areas, and in urban areas this is a problem- they feel\ncompletely lost in the city\u201d, many of the refugees coming from urban areas feel equally\noverwhelmed when coming to Yaound\u00e9; for some, \u201cdepression has become a normal part of their\nlives.\u201d To assist with their needs, CRAT offers several different therapies, including cognitive\n\n\n15 UNHCR, _supra_ note 46\n16 D. Summerfield, \u2018War and Mental Health, a brief overview\u2019, _BMJ_, Vol. 321, 2000, p. 234.\n17 No persons specified what illnesses they had but rather referred generally to \u201csickness\u201d, but in discussion with\nother organisations much of this is associated with mal-nutrition, cholera, and other illness due to their financial and\nliving situation.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "behavioural therapy and narrative therapy, among others, as well as the plan for a music and\ndance therapy program.\n\nMany refugees interviewed discussed the importance of religion and spirituality in their lives,\none woman who was in a particularly difficult situation, stated, \u201cGod is the only one who helps\nus.\u201d CRAT offers individualised approaches to therapy, however a psychologist at CRAT stated\nthat through his personal experience, \u201cmany of [the refugees] have been more effectively helped\nusing their belief in god... they can better express their issues through their religion \u2013 through\ntheir spiritual beliefs we can help them find solutions.\u201d As discussed previously, mental health\nissues can be exacerbated by the living conditions and life struggles of refugees living in an\nurban setting, however with mental health assistance, refugees can receive the support that they\nneed.\n\n\nThrough UNHCR refugee children are able to access primary and secondary education.\nAccording to UNHCR Cameroon representative, education is a critical component to protecting\nrefugee children in Cameroon, as well as in all countries. The domestic refugee law in Cameroon\nallows for refugee children to attend the local schools [18], however attending school costs money\n\nthat many refugee families do not have.\n\n\\In Cameroon, UNHCR assists all refugee children to be able to attend primary school, and is\nalso striving to offer assistance for children in higher grade levels, as \u201cwe [UNHCR] understand\nthe risk if we abandon them after completing their primary education\u201d. For some refugees,\nassistance is available for university education, and even a Masters level degree; the scholarships\navailable for this level of education are made possible through a German organisation, and it is a\ncompetitive program.\n\nIn addition to UNHCR assistance, the organisation RESPECT offers some scholarship assistance\nfor children to attend schools. This organisation also has implemented a letter exchange program\nwith a school in Canada; this allows the refugee children to practice their writing and\ncommunication skills, as well as learn about children in Canada and have the opportunity to\nteach them about the lives of refugees. This program has been very successful, and when asked\nabout the program, the children involved seem to be very happy to have the opportunity to have\n\u201cfriends\u201d to share with in Canada.\n\nUnfortunately, even with this assistance, not all refugee children are permitted to attend school.\nFor many families, when older children are in school, they are not able to work and help provide\nfor the family. One woman from Chad was living in Yaound\u00e9 with her two older daughters (15\nyears and 17 years) and son (6 years), however only one of the daughters was able to attend\nschool because the boy was too sick, and the older girl needed to stay home and help care for\nhim. This problem of education is not unique to Cameroon, and as livelihood challenges persist,\nwill continue to be a protection challenge for UNHCR and other assistance organisations\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nUrban refugees face different problems and in many cases are more vulnerable than refugees\nliving in camps. Living in an urban area means that refugees must earn money to be able to meet\n\n18 Article 9 and 10(1) of Cameroon\u2019s Domestic Refugee Law, see _supra_ note 29\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "their other needs, which is an issue that was consistently articulated during the research and\ninterviews for this project. General academic information provided by various scholars and\nUNHCR indicate that urban areas pose particular difficulties for organisations as well as\nrefugees.\n\nHowever it is not likely that the trend of refugees living in cities will change anytime soon, so\norganisations are compelled to adapt. As discussed previously, UNHCR issued a new policy for\nthe treatment of urban refugees in 2009, which had several improvements and changes from the\nprevious policy (1997), which treated urban refugees as an exception rather than the norm. One\nof the primary goals of this new policy is to increase the protection space for refugees,\nconceptualised as an environment in which internationally recognised rights of refugees are\nrespected and their needs are met. [19]\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s new policy also notes that movements to urban settings can \u201cplace considerable\npressure on resources and services that are already unable to meet the needs of the urban poor\u201d20,\n\n\n\npressure on resources and services that are already unable to meet the needs of the urban poor\u201d20,\n\nthis situation makes it challenging to provide a protection space for refugees; these are issues that\nface aid and assistance organisations in Cameroon. It is difficult to focus attention (both financial\nand research) to the refugee situation in Cameroon when compared to other refugee hosting\ncountries in Sub-Saharan Africa, which have a significantly larger \u201cpopulation of concern\u201d [21] such\nas South Africa, Chad, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. [22] This lack of focus and attention makes it\n\n\n\nas South Africa, Chad, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. [22] This lack of focus and attention makes it\n\nvery difficult to fundraise and attract international NGOs to provide assistance; compared to\nsituations in other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, as UNHCR country representative noted \u201cwe\ncannot compete with those kind of high, complex, emergency programs\u201d.\n\n\nThe UNHCR offices in Cameroon, as well as the other organisations, have challenges meeting\nall refugee needs with a limited amount of resources. UNHCR representatives indicated that they\nreceive between 30 and 40 requests for financial assistance every day, and every week the staff\nmust go through the applications and choose who are the most \u201cneedy\u201d and grant them\n\u201cexceptional allowances\u201d. In terms of assistance, UNHCR deputy representative stated that, \u201cwe\nhave different types of assistances, it's definitely not enough, but because our resources are so\nlimited we have to share in between a large number of people- and at the end of the day\neverybody doesn\u2019t get a lot but it can make a difference for a few people\u201d.\n\nHowever, UNHCR in Cameroon is making efforts to use the resources available in an effective\nmanner through working with the refugees and working towards better understanding their\nneeds. There are eleven different nationalities of refugees in Cameroon, and every two years\neach community elects a community leader that also acts as a link between the community and\nUNHCR. UNHCR, in conjunction with the Adventist Development and Relief Agency,\nconstructed a refuge community centre, located next to the UNHCR office, so each community\nhas a space to work and discuss issues and concerns. Every three months, UNHCR staff meets\nwith the refugee leaders to discuss concerns and work to find solutions together. The opinions\nand viewpoints of the refugee community are an invaluable resource and crucial to implementing\n\n19 UNHCR, _supra_ note 48\n20 _Id._\n21 \u201cPopulation of concern\u201d includes refugees, asylum seekers, returned refugees, stateless persons, IDPs, and\nreturned IDPs.\n22 Total populations of concern for these countries: Cameroon-106,658; South Africa- 229,601; Chad- 529,090;\nUganda- 585,253; Kenya-751,196; and Tanzania-272,789.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "projects that yield beneficial results; as the country representative stated, \u201c[many of the refugees]\nhave been here longer than us- some for twenty years... they know how things work and they\nhelp us identify problems in the community and how to go about finding solutions.\u201d\n\nFor UNHCR working together with the refugee community in Yaound\u00e9 is a key component to\nproblem solving and finding adequate solutions. The other organisations interviewed for this\nresearch, _R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sans Fronti\u00e9rs_, CRAT and RESPECT, seemed to be the primary\norganisations, other than UNHCR and the Cameroon Red Cross, that offered some assistance\nand advocated for urban refugee rights in Yaound\u00e9. These organisations are deeply rooted in the\nrefugee community and in tune with their needs and the issues they face on a daily basis,\nhowever there seemed to be an extreme lack of communication and working relationship\nbetween organisations.\n\n\nWhen asked if there were partnerships between refugee organisations in Cameroon (apart from\nUNHCR), they all stated that there was not. After spending two months researching and working\nwith refugee organisations in Yaound\u00e9, it is in the opinion of this researcher that the\norganisations, and the refugee community, would benefit greatly if they were to collaborate on\nprojects and share resources, and because of the small amount of refugee specific organisations,\nit may be important and useful to reach out to other domestic aid and assistance NGOs in\nYaound\u00e9 which do not solely focus on refugee issues.\n\nThere are many refugees to care for both in urban and rural areas of Cameroon, and everyday\nmore asylum seekers are arriving in the country. Although limited by resources, the\norganisations working with refugees in Yaound\u00e9, including UNHCR, have identified the primary\nprotection needs for refugees and are working towards achieving a greater realisation of refugee\nrights in Cameroon.\n\nThe amount of work, along with political and social situation of Cameroon can make providing\nassistance for refugees difficult, whether a domestic NGO or an international organisation such\nas UNHCR, but as the UNHCR Cameroon country representative stated, \u201cwe cannot be\ndiscouraged because there is so much to be done.\u201d The organisations providing protection for\nrefugees in Yaound\u00e9 have much work to do and a long road ahead, however the organisational\nand leadership foundations that are now in place will allow them to continue working towards\nproviding effective protection for refugees.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f38a710-23a3-3f17-b4d2-1cde8275c421/UNHCR_BecauseIAmaStranger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_722/raw/doc_722_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_722/raw/doc_722_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e69059bc542160c368882307cc82cd357731250d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_722/raw/doc_722_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE** **SAFETY AUDIT REPORT** **SEPTEMBER 2023**\n\n## **MOC\u00cdMBOA DA PRAIA** **CABO DELGADO** **MOZAMBIQUE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n##### **I.) INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT**\n\n\nThe purpose of GBV Safety Audits is to identify GBV risks and needs in a particular area to inform\nthe design and implementation of GBV prevention and response programs. In **June and September**\n**2023**, UNHCR and Helpcode conducted GBV Safety Audits in four of the most populous\nneighborhoods in Moc\u00edmboa da Praia (MdP) town; **30 de Junho, Nanduada, Milamba,** and\n**Pamunda** .\n\n\nAccording to IOM DTM [1], as of August 2023, **176,174** people have spontaneously returned to MdP\ndistrict, with more than **80,000** in MdP post and more than **56,000** in MdP town according to SDPI.\n\n\nMost people reported having returned less than a year ago, being **driven to do so by difficult**\n**conditions and lack of assistance/services/opportunities in displacement areas**, as well as\nhighly **conflictive relationships with host communities**, with girls reporting that they _\u201chated\u201d_ living\nnear the host communities, who \" _had no respect for them and behaved violently, threatening them_ \".\nThe general sentiment of the returned community can be summed up in a commonly repeated refrain;\n_\"_ _**it's**_ _**better to suffer at home than away from it\u201d.**_\n\n\nThe lack of protection services, the uncoordinated and incomplete return of services, the presence of\narmed actors make MdP a high-risk protection district with immediate GBV prevention and response\nneeds. People suffer from a lack of livelihoods opportunitie; widespread destruction of housing, land,\nand property (HLP); children protection risks, security risks impeding access to agricultural lands;\nwater shortages; and severe psychological episodes.\n\n##### **II.) METHODOLOGY**\n\nThis GBV Safety Audit, conducted in the 30 de Junho, Nanduadua, Milamba and Pamunda\nneighbourhoods of MdP town, employed a mixed data collection methodology to include as many\ndiverse perspectives as possible, including **(i) safety walks**, conducted by the authors of this report\naccompanied by community members, to observe with their own eyes possible GBV needs and risks,\nas well as general conditions of the given area; **(ii) focus group discussions (FGDs)** with community\nmembers; and **(iii) key informant interviews (KIIs)** with various relevant stakeholders.\n\ni. **Safety walks** : Eight safety walks were conducted (four with men, four with women), two in each\nof the four neighborhoods.\n\nii. **FGDs** : 14 FGDs were conducted, with 10-15 participants each, with boys, girls, men and women.\nThe participant breakdown was as follows:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Age/gender
breakdown|Women
(18+ yrs)|Men
(18+ yrs)|Adolescent boys
(14-17 yrs)|Adolescent girls
(14-17 yrs)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Age/gender**
**breakdown**|67|75|39|42|\n|**# persons**
**with disability**|2|2|0|2|\n\n\n\niii. **KIIs** : Six KIIs were conducted with SDPI, the Social Welfare (DPGCAS), Acao Social GBV focal\npoint, the hospital (SDSMAS) GBV focal point, the police (PRM) GBV focal point, and community\nleaders from Milamba and Nanduadua neighborhoods.\n\n\n1 \u201cThe International Organization for Migration, August 2023, Displacement Tracking Matrix\u201d.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n##### **III.) FINDINGS**\n\n###### **1.) Safety walks**\n\n\n\n\n\n|AREA|FINDINGS|\n|---|---|\n|**Shelter/**
**infrastructure**|\u25cf Lack of lighting at night in common areas and public spaces (Pamunda
and 30 June);
\u25cf No safe or private spaces in homes or in community;
\u25cf Some houses use solar panels allowing for occasional electricity during
the afternoon/evening;
\u25cf Some of the houses have been destroyed and internal rooms are unstable
due to the lack of internal walls;
\u25cf Many families want compensation/restitution for the loss of their home;|\n|**WASH (latrines,**
**showers, water**
**points)**|\u25cf The waiting time for water identified as the biggest challenge for women;
\u25cf Broken taps can take a month to repair and force people to walk long
distances (up to 10 kilometers) to fetch water (30 de Junho);
\u25cf Community/family latrines are located in inconvenient places;
\u25cf Community/family latrines don't have locks (sometimes not even a door);
\u25cf Communal latrines are not segregated by sex;
\u25cf Limited showers;
\u25cf General lack of availability of water and high demand;|\n|**Community**
**(schools, friendly**
**spaces, health,**
**market) and**
**access to land**|\u25cf The community claims that there are no armed actors in schools;
\u25cf The schools in the neighborhoods have latrines that are defined as \"not in
good condition\". The same was said about the condition of the school
buildings themselves;
\u25cf The number of schools on the ground does not allow the entire community
of relevant age to take part in school activities (especially nursery and
secondary schools);
\u25cf Child marriage is a cause of school dropout, related to family stress and
resource scarcity;
\u25cf The girls say they have friends in the community who are not allowed by
their families to attend school for fear of being discriminated against
because they are '_girls who have been in the armed forces_';
\u25cf Girls and boys report having concerns about school because of the lack of
materials to be able to participate in lessons;
\u25cf Women identify Childmarriage as an important factor in girls dropping out
of school;
\u25cf Limited access to the central market and presence of armed actors near
markets;
\u25cf Health: the rural hospital is far away but the community takes advantage
of the presence of mobile brigades. They consider the access route to the
health facilities to be safe but far away;
\u25cf There is only one public pharmacy with limited availability of medicines;
\u25cf Difficult access to remote farming areas for the community;
\u25cf Low production from the fields due to lack of materials or land.
\u25cf Not every community has access to a field;
\u25cf Women and girls are advised by community leading structure to go out with
an escort, especially in afternoons and evenings or to the bush;
\u25cf Although the families have access to the fields, the women still prefer not
to go to the rural areas because of the distances and possible risks in the
more remote areas;|\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|\u25cf The issue of working in the bush can be traumatic for those who were
kidnapped during the conflict;|\n|---|---|\n|**Freedom of**
**movement**|\u25cf The community reported feeling at ease in their movements as soon as the
Rwandan military arrived;
\u25cf Movements within the neighborhood are reported to be safe during the day
and in familiar places;
\u25cf Mobilization in remote areas for agricultural and other activities, often
requiring extra days or weeks in the bush, poses risks;
\u25cf Pamunda's leadership says that women and girls must always be
accompanied by \"_a chaperone_\", especially during theevening and/or when
they leave the neighborhood.|\n|**Presence of**
**armed actors**|\u25cf National and international military personnel are present;
\u25cf Local forces are present in the neighborhoods and in the markets;
\u25cf The community says it is afraid of the military presence because of some
episodes that have happened in recent months (_\"people who were trapped_
_without understanding why, injuries\"_, etc);
\u25cf Checkpoints when leaving the village;
\u25cf The community says that it has a presence in areas where it is \"_not allowed_
_to pass_\" according to the wishes of the military in Pamunda, without
knowing the reason. Sometimes the same \"_roadblocks_\" correspond to \"_key_
_centers in the neighborhood\"._|\n\n###### **2.) FGDs**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|AREA|FINDINGS|\n|---|---|\n|
**GBV risks**|**Presence of security forces**
\u25cf It is impossible for the girls to go near the garden areas due to the military
presence and the 'recreation clubs' and gardens due to the unpleasant
episodes of accusations that have already occurred on the part of the
drunken adults present and military presence;
\u25cf Approaching the fields outside the city and close to the bush for fear of the
presence of insurgents or the military;
\u25cf The presence of the Mozambican military was identified by the girls as the
greatest risk for them in the neighborhoods (falling in love and returning
home pregnant without taking responsibility for the children);
**PSEA**
\u25cf In relation to PSEA, for example, the women reported that they had already
tried to report cases to the Green Line, activists and even the district
administrator and had received no feedback;
\u25cf The risk of PSEA cases is increased by the lack of water at times of need.
\u25cf Transactional sex is prevalently reported (particularly in 30 de Junho);
**Children**
\u25cf Dropping out of school: lack of materials, lack of space, description to
CAAFAG; childmarriages;
\u25cf Child marriage as a harmful coping mechanism for the family's precarious
situation. Women also identify the marriage of girls as a strategy to \"_feel safe_\"
- physically and economically. The girls report having seen cases where \"_200_
_meticais_were accepted in_exchange for a union_\";|\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n|Col1|\u25cf The women pointed out that they left their children in the care of people with
better living conditions in case of need and that they could have sex for
survival;
Violence and abuse
\u25cf Women reported intimate partner violence (IPV) as one of the greatest risks
for women;
\u25cf Women specifically perceive risks of verbal harassment during waiting times
(such as at water points) and also the possibility of an increase in violence in
the home due, according to them, to lack of employment and alcohol
consumption. Women reported that IPV is increasing because of stress;
Lack of awareness and services
\u25cf Boys and men reported lack of awareness about violence prevention and
coping activities;
\u25cf The women reported that there is no response system for victims of violence
\u25cf Difficulties with \u201cficha prenatal\u201d in the hospital when the child's father is not
present (particularly difficult in cases of rape when the father doesn't want to
assume responsibilities for the child);
\u25cf There is no MHPSS response system in place, not only in relation to
surviving specific violations, but also because of the contextual issue of the
conflict and the situation of strong stress present in the site, which can also
be identified as a factor that increases the risk of violence. Girls report having
witnessed \"cases of death\" because of the strong stress caused by the
situation;
\u25cf The lack of hygienic conditions in homes and also in public spaces
represents a concern for girls attending school with their periods. In general,
menstrual hygiene and sexual and reproductive hygiene seem to be a topic
of interest for the girls, but they don't \"have answers or materials to use\";
\u25cf There are no specific programs in the identified neighborhoods that are
recognized by the response women or girls for \"children returning from
abduction\" and this makes it difficult for those children who are separated or
unaccompanied to find a safe place in the community;
\u25cf No psychological or legal support is provided. Report channel identified with
the community leader and involving payments by the perpetrator (or
perpetrator\u2019s family) as response mechanism;
\u25cf Women desire counseling services and medical response systems for cases
of rape;|\n|---|---|\n|**Access to**
**services**|\u25cf Lack of specific services to respond to cases of GBV;
\u25cf No access justice or legal assistance outside of the local leadership
(customary justice). IPAJ has not yet returned to the district. The legal service
is under the national police (PRM) Service Office. To be processed, cases
have to go to Mueda or Pemba;
\u25cf The need for support for child protection cases has been reported since the
community moved back to the district. Cases that require the presence of the
prosecutor's office are referred to Mueda or Pemba;
\u25cf Lack of response in prevention and awareness-raising on the part of
institutions due to lack of conditions;
\u25cf Health services not present in the neighborhood and lack of materials for
specific response to GBV in the central hospital: materials, training, human
resources, IEC for prophylaxis;
\u25cf Lack of documentation as a specific protection risk identified by women and
men;
\u25cf The girls report that the thing they would most like to change in the
neighborhood is the presence of a space where they can play with a ball - the|\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|school doesn't have those spaces - also related to secondary school - in
primary school they spend a lot of time playing aire libre, according to the
girls;
\u25cf The houses lack sufficient space and materials - many of the girls report
sleeping on the floor with their brothers;
\u25cf Economic empowerment is seen as crucial by both women and men to
improving socio-economic conditions;
\u25cf Community justice system is discredited, and access to the formal justice
system is limited;|\n|---|---|\n|**Community**
**structures and**
**perceptions**|\u25cf Lack of spaces recognized as safe by the community, where survivors can
speak about their GBV incidents and receive care;
\u25cf The neighborhood leadership system has never received training or
participated in a conversation about PEAS, risks and responsibilities;
\u25cf On the women's side, trust in the leadership is not good, even though it is the
only gateway to reporting. They say they have been \"_threatened_\" by the
leaders when they try to express opinions about the management of the
space and the responses or the conditions of the neighborhood;
\u25cf Adolescents paradoxically have more channels open to them because they
recognize the position of teachers to support them and of the organizations
working within the school system;
\u25cf The social structure and decision-making processes in the family and
domestic spheres continue to exclude and marginalize women and girls,
according to the perception of the people consulted. In community situations,
men, as the main exponents of the community as community leaders, are
responsible for making decisions and communicating with women and other
community members. At the family level, the majority of women report
participating in economic decisions, even though the final decision on
matrimonial matters - internal decisions within the family, not just economic
ones - rests with the men of the house.
\u25cf Conflict resolution: Women identify community leadership as the only source
of conflict resolution, although they like the complaint boxes as a means of
communication, which seem to better maintain the confidentiality of the
information shared. In relation to PSEA, for example, the women reported
that they had already tried to report cases to the green line, activists and
even the district administrator and had not received any feedback;
\u25cf Lack of trust in the local leadership, particularly when the issue involves the
military;
\u25cf Frequent robberies and ethnic conflicts (people from MdP vila and people
from outside) have increased general risks since the community's return;
\u25cf The presence of Rwandan military forces provides a sense of safety.|\n|**Accountability to**
**affected**
**populations**
**(AAP)**|
\u25cf Lack of knowledge of safe reporting locations;
\u25cf The community expresses frustration at not having received help in specific
neighborhoods because of livelihood issues that prevent them from being
able to rebuild their lives in Mocimboa;
\u25cf The women reported resolving their own worries and fears by avoiding going
out at certain times or places;|\n\n###### **3.) KIIs**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n\n\n|Health GBV focal
point \u2013 SDSMAS
e Acao Social|\u25cf 24-hour first aid center with PEP kits in the central hospital, except for the
hepatitis B vaccine.
\u25cf GBV focal point available on weekdays until 4 pm.
\u25cf General health staff training limited to case registration;
\u25cf Lack of survivor-centered care (when the focal point is not present).
\u25cf Desire for more specific GBV training and post-exposure treatment
knowledge.
\u25cf Acao Social is operating on weekdays from 7.30 am to 3.30 pm.
\u25cf Lack of presence of Acao Social at community level makes follow-up
difficult.
\u25cf Institutions identifies child protection cases as a priority.
\u25cf Institutions needs support for materials and transport to offer a proper
service;
\u25cf Lack of activists or counsellors at community level increased the
unavailability of the response from institutions.
\u25cf Acao Social is working in a room outside the district hospital with no tables
nor chairs.
\u25cf Limited capacity to deal with survivors, especially on mental health issues.
\u25cf Ipaj for legal access not yet returned in the district;
\u25cf Functioning health centers but limited resources for medical materials or
staff.
\u25cf Lack of IEC materials for follow-up on prophylaxis.
\u25cf Secondary care only possible at the central hospital.|\n|---|---|\n|**PRM**|\u25cf Open on weekdays from 7 am to 3.30 pm.
\u25cf No transport to respond at community level;
\u25cf PRM organizes \u201ccommunity talks\u201d \u2013_palestras_ - about violence.
\u25cf PRM relies on community support for emergency care in term of security.
\u25cf Lacks a safe, confidential space to attend cases.|\n|**Community**
**leaders**|\u25cf They reported have been forced to return to their homes but have faced
challenges.
\u25cf They trust the Rwandan military but fear the national military.
\u25cf They reported childmarriage and sexual violence, as the most dangerous
risk.
\u25cf They reported problems with emergency assistance, access to water, and
unemployment.
\u25cf They reported also the feeling that \u201ctrauma persists\u201d, despite a perception
of peace.
\u25cf Child protection is a priority with no response still \u2013 in terms of school
attendance, school service provision and protection -.|\n\n##### **IV.) RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|SECTOR|RECOMMENDATIONS|SPECIFIC ACTIONS|\n|---|---|---|\n|**GBV**
**protection**
**SEA**|Building a specific system for preventing,
responding to and monitoring cases of GBV;
Strengthen the referral system in the field
with links to the different institutional case
management and support services for
survivors of violence.|\u2022
Advocate for the opening of a
protection/GBV programme in
the area;
\u2022
Support Social Action in
creating a network of
activists/counsellors in the
community to make it more
accessible for the community to
receive care;|\n\n\n7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\u2022 Prioritize Mocimboa among the
districts in which to start
community engagement
activities due to the lack of
protection actors.|\n|---|---|---|\n||Support Social Action and SDSMAS in their
response to GBV with materials and specific
training to deal not only with survivors of
GBV but also with people who need specific
support from the SMAPSS area;|\u2022
Train activists already present
who also work in different
areas; support Social Action in
the implementation of Public
Policies at district level;|\n||Support improved coordination of the
presence and activities of humanitarian
actors for accountability reasons and to
avoid duplication;|\u2022
Creation of shared AAP
systems between the
organizations present with
different types of access points;|\n||Organize moments of conversation, training
and awareness-raising specifically with the
community structure in order to build a
support network again through the matrons
when the community feels it is necessary
and can support GBV activities on the
ground;|\u2022
Create activities aimed at
improving coordination with the
leadership and the structure's
level of sensitivity to gender-
based violence;|\n|**Health**|Support the public system in the training of
officers - especially in the area of mental
health due to the lack of human resources
and the great need identified -; in the
availability of materials and in liaising with
the provincial system for the arrival of the
specific materials required;
Strengthen the system of training and
delivery of materials from the province to the
district. Consider an ongoing training
programme on specific response themes for
GBV cases - PPE, survivor-centered
approach, confidentiality -.|\u2022
Advocate for the
implementation of the
continuous training system.
\u2022
Establish a checklist system for
the materials present and en
route from the province in order
to identify shortages;|\n|**WASH**|Strengthen the public system of water
committees that can guarantee the durability
of water sources and resolve problems on
the ground quickly - in terms of training and
also the presence of specific hygiene
materials to support families;|\u2022
Initiate WASH projects with the
aim of providing a faster
response system to problems
that may arise in support of the
Fipag structure, strengthening
the public system's capacity to
reach out to the community
with innovative techniques and
problem-solving;|\n|**Shelter**|Ensuring night lighting in public spaces in
neighborhoods, in homes and supporting
families with basic shelter materials such as
blankets and cooking materials;|\u2022
Advocate for self-sufficient
lighting systems (e.g. solar
panels) for each neighborhood;|\n|**Food**
**security**|Creation of sustainable land and resource
use systems to guarantee safe access to the
fields with innovative solutions and job
creation in the production and distribution
chain;|\u2022
Advocate for reversion to
sustainable land and resource
use systems to ensure fair
access and protection for the
community at identified access
points|\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR/Helpcode GBV Safety Audit**\n\nMocimboa da Praia, September 2023\n\n|Education|Ensuring an adequate and dignified
introduction of children into the school
system with specific recovery programmes
for returnee children, with particular attention
to the CAAFAG theme and children who are
heads of household;|\u2022 Consider setting up CFSs in
the city to accompany children
in their recovery from trauma,
in their studies and in creating
peace.
\u2022 Advocate for the creation of a
specialized case management
programme for children (with
particular attention to
CAAFAG).|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Livelihoods**|Connecting livelihood activities with
protection systems to ensure continuous risk
assessment and protection against sexual
exploitation and abuse of children, and
paying particular attention to a_gender-_
_responsive_response system;|\u2022
Accompany the government in
creating new jobs for the
community in the different
sectors available with a_gender_
_responsive_perspective;
\u2022
Hire local people as part of the
projects;
\u2022
Liaise with protection partners.|\n|**All sectors**|Pay attention to the armed actors (presence
and movement in the city), the relationship
and the training done with them.
Improving the coordination system between
organizations to prioritize areas of
intervention.|\u2022
Monitor the relationship
between the community and
armed actors in the different
neighborhoods.
\u2022
Promote the referral routes to
the Customer Service Office.
\u2022
Support improved coordination
of the presence and activities of
humanitarian actors for
accountability reasons and to
avoid duplication.|\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/24785700-e2c0-4fe3-a904-d55607d39957/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_723/raw/doc_723_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_723/raw/doc_723_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 50a9325631d3abb87cc28613082b3e9e92ca24e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_723/raw/doc_723_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,158 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE** **SAFETY AUDIT REPORT**\n#### **(APRIL 2023)**\n\n### **MASSINGIRI SITE**\n#### **MONTEPUEZ** **CABO DELGADO** **MOZAMBIQUE**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|District of Safety Audit|Montepuez|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Site of Safety Audit**|Massingiri|Massingiri|Massingiri|Massingiri|\n|**Date of Safety Audit**|18-19/04/2023|18-19/04/2023|18-19/04/2023|18-19/04/2023|\n|**Agencies/organizations**
**conducting Safety Audit**|UNHCR, CUAMM|UNHCR, CUAMM|UNHCR, CUAMM|UNHCR, CUAMM|\n|**Organizations supporting Safety**
**Audit**|AVSI, SEPPA, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Aga Khan, Muleide|AVSI, SEPPA, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Aga Khan, Muleide|AVSI, SEPPA, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Aga Khan, Muleide|AVSI, SEPPA, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Aga Khan, Muleide|\n|**Focus group discussions (# of**
**participants)**|**Women**|**Men**|**Adolescent Boys**|**Adolescent Girls**|\n|**Focus group discussions (# of**
**participants)**|**17**|**25**|**10**|**11**|\n|**Age breakdown**|20-24 yrs (4)
25-40 yrs (2)
41+ yrs (11)|20-24 yrs (2)
25-40 yrs (7)
41+ yrs (16)|10-14 yrs (1)
15-19 yrs (9)|10-14 yrs (4)
15-19 yrs (7)|\n|**# of persons with disabilities**|None|1|None|None|\n|**Districts of origin of participants**|Muidumbe, Mocimboa, Macomia, Palma, Quissanga|Muidumbe, Mocimboa, Macomia, Palma, Quissanga|Muidumbe, Mocimboa, Macomia, Palma, Quissanga|Muidumbe, Mocimboa, Macomia, Palma, Quissanga|\n\n### III. Findings\n\nKey findings from the Safety Audit in Massingiri/Mucone indicated that women and girls are groups at\nhigh risk of **GBV** and **PSEA** . Poverty, lack of access to water and food insecurity increase the risk of\nGBV and PSEA, as women and girls are forced to resort to negative coping mechanisms to survive,\nincluding **early marriage** and **transactional sex** . Adolescent girls are often not aware of GBV-related\nrisks due to limited access to GBV resonse information and services. **Domestic violence** and **denial**\n**of resources and services** have also been identified to be prevalent. **Patriarchal and sexist beliefs**,\nparticularly in relation to relationships between men and women, were identified as root causes of GBV.\nMarried women, single women, adolescent girls, and women with disabilities were the groups identified\nas the most vulnerable to GBV.\n\nCommunities\u2019 **lack of knowledge of available GBV services**, **long distances** from such services,\n**lack of confidence** in police and the formal justice process, and **fear of community stigma and**\n**discrimination** often deter GBV survivors from seeking out help. Survivors therefore turn inward to\ntheir families and community leadership structures, who might not be the best placed to provide\ncomprehensive, survivor-centred support. Nonetheless, **mediation by family members or community**\n**leaders** is very common, resulting in decisions that can put survivors at **significant risks of stigma,**\n**isolation, poverty, and harm** .\n\nBuilding on the findings of the Safety Audit, UNHCR and partners aim to design a response with the\nobjective of preventing/mitigating GBV and improving the response through actively engaging the\ncommunity, raising awareness, and providing urgently needed holistic GBV case management services\nin Massingiri.\n\nThe tables below summarize the main findings per target group, including awareness of GBV risks and\navailable GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response services in the site, as well as the findings of\nthe observational safety walk.\n\n##### 1.) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) findings\n\n|Thematic Area|Findings|\n|---|---|\n|**GBV Risks**|GBV risks|\n\n\n\n3 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Among the most vulnerable groups, participants identified married (due to intimate
partner violence (IPV)), widowed/single women, women with disabilities, and
girls.
A participant said that single women are highly vulnerable and shared her experience:
\u201cAs I am not married, I have always had problems with my neighbours, the fact that
only the husband greets me already makes them suspicious that I am dating the
husband, and they start giving me ugly names, that I steal husbands from others\u201d|Commented [AHM5]: Why the married women are
particularly vulnerable? Domestic violence?
Commented [ZL6R5]: Done
Commented [AHM7]: I think there is some wording error in
this sentence, difficult to understand
Commented [ZL8R7]: Done|Commented [AHM5]: Why the married women are
particularly vulnerable? Domestic violence?|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Among the**most vulnerable groups**, participants identified**married (due to intimate**
**partner violence (IPV)), widowed/single women, women with disabilities, and**
**girls**.
A participant said that single women are highly vulnerable and shared her experience:
_\u201cAs I am not married, I have always had problems with my neighbours, the fact that_
_only the husband greets me already makes them suspicious that I am dating the _
_husband, and they start giving me ugly names, that I steal husbands from others\u201d_|

**Commented [AHM5]:**Why the married women are
particularly vulnerable? Domestic violence?
**Commented [ZL6R5]:**Done
**Commented [AHM7]:**I think there is some wording error in
this sentence, difficult to understand
**Commented [ZL8R7]:**Done|**Commented [ZL6R5]:**Done|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal, Justice,**
**Physical and**
**Mental, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|Legal
**GBV cases are usually mediated within the family and the community**.
Girls reported that women often do not know about legal services, so they end up
seeking help from family members and community leaders. However, they reported
that even community leaders may take a long time to solve cases and they feel unsafe
with the perpetrator still around.
Women prefer not to report to police because they fear they are not able to keep the
case confidential; they fear being stigmatised if the case is reported publicly;
moreover, the police office is also situated very far away from the centre.

Cases of sexual violence can also be mediated by community leaders. A case of
sexual violence was mediated by community leaders; they asked the perpetrator to
pay a fine to the survivor arguing that he disrespected her since she was older than
him.

Health staff from one health centre confirmed that cases might be solved even at
health centre level with the support of community leaders. Health staff might ask GBV
survivors to come back accompanied by the perpetrator with the objective to prove
that the violence effectively occurred; then, they try to mediate with the support of
community leaders. They mentioned that they adopted this practice because_'some_
_women might lie'_. Health staff were not aware of how they were exposing GBV
survivors to serious safety and security risks. A nurse mentioned a case of domestic
violence she attended at the hospital; they asked the wife to come back with her
husband; the wife was really afraid to stand next to her husband at the health centre.
The HC contacted the leadership who got in touch with the husband; the case was
finally reported to police and they divorced.|Legal
**GBV cases are usually mediated within the family and the community**.
Girls reported that women often do not know about legal services, so they end up
seeking help from family members and community leaders. However, they reported
that even community leaders may take a long time to solve cases and they feel unsafe
with the perpetrator still around.
Women prefer not to report to police because they fear they are not able to keep the
case confidential; they fear being stigmatised if the case is reported publicly;
moreover, the police office is also situated very far away from the centre.

Cases of sexual violence can also be mediated by community leaders. A case of
sexual violence was mediated by community leaders; they asked the perpetrator to
pay a fine to the survivor arguing that he disrespected her since she was older than
him.

Health staff from one health centre confirmed that cases might be solved even at
health centre level with the support of community leaders. Health staff might ask GBV
survivors to come back accompanied by the perpetrator with the objective to prove
that the violence effectively occurred; then, they try to mediate with the support of
community leaders. They mentioned that they adopted this practice because_'some_
_women might lie'_. Health staff were not aware of how they were exposing GBV
survivors to serious safety and security risks. A nurse mentioned a case of domestic
violence she attended at the hospital; they asked the wife to come back with her
husband; the wife was really afraid to stand next to her husband at the health centre.
The HC contacted the leadership who got in touch with the husband; the case was
finally reported to police and they divorced.|Legal
**GBV cases are usually mediated within the family and the community**.
Girls reported that women often do not know about legal services, so they end up
seeking help from family members and community leaders. However, they reported
that even community leaders may take a long time to solve cases and they feel unsafe
with the perpetrator still around.
Women prefer not to report to police because they fear they are not able to keep the
case confidential; they fear being stigmatised if the case is reported publicly;
moreover, the police office is also situated very far away from the centre.

Cases of sexual violence can also be mediated by community leaders. A case of
sexual violence was mediated by community leaders; they asked the perpetrator to
pay a fine to the survivor arguing that he disrespected her since she was older than
him.

Health staff from one health centre confirmed that cases might be solved even at
health centre level with the support of community leaders. Health staff might ask GBV
survivors to come back accompanied by the perpetrator with the objective to prove
that the violence effectively occurred; then, they try to mediate with the support of
community leaders. They mentioned that they adopted this practice because_'some_
_women might lie'_. Health staff were not aware of how they were exposing GBV
survivors to serious safety and security risks. A nurse mentioned a case of domestic
violence she attended at the hospital; they asked the wife to come back with her
husband; the wife was really afraid to stand next to her husband at the health centre.
The HC contacted the leadership who got in touch with the husband; the case was
finally reported to police and they divorced.|\n|**Access to**
**Services**
**(Legal, Justice,**
**Physical and**
**Mental, Safety**
**and Security,**
**Others)**|Health
Main reference health centres are the Linde Health Centre (HC) and the Napai Health
Centre (HC). The Linde HC is situated quite far away from the IDP site and most
people prefer to visit the Napai HC or the Rural Hospital of Montepuez.
Girls reported that it might be difficult to reach the health centres because of distance
and transport costs, so they prefer to stay home and to recur to traditional remedies
(e.g. if they want to do an abortion). Girls and women also mentioned that health
centres often do not have medicines, so they have to buy them, which may be a
concern since they often have no money.
At Linde HC a GBV focal point is available; she is a maternal child health nurse; she
attended a 1-day training in Post Exposure Profilaxis (PEP) for sexual violence for
adults and children in 2022; she received the newly released Ministry of Health GBV
screening tools but she has not been trained on them yet; she has never been trained
on how to provide safe abortion; no prophylactic schemes for PEP for sexual violence
are available in the reception room. The centre does have a GBV kit. The kit includes
suture kit and dressing, analgesics, HIV test, PEP for HIV, syphilis test, STIs|Health
Main reference health centres are the Linde Health Centre (HC) and the Napai Health
Centre (HC). The Linde HC is situated quite far away from the IDP site and most
people prefer to visit the Napai HC or the Rural Hospital of Montepuez.
Girls reported that it might be difficult to reach the health centres because of distance
and transport costs, so they prefer to stay home and to recur to traditional remedies
(e.g. if they want to do an abortion). Girls and women also mentioned that health
centres often do not have medicines, so they have to buy them, which may be a
concern since they often have no money.
At Linde HC a GBV focal point is available; she is a maternal child health nurse; she
attended a 1-day training in Post Exposure Profilaxis (PEP) for sexual violence for
adults and children in 2022; she received the newly released Ministry of Health GBV
screening tools but she has not been trained on them yet; she has never been trained
on how to provide safe abortion; no prophylactic schemes for PEP for sexual violence
are available in the reception room. The centre does have a GBV kit. The kit includes
suture kit and dressing, analgesics, HIV test, PEP for HIV, syphilis test, STIs|Health
Main reference health centres are the Linde Health Centre (HC) and the Napai Health
Centre (HC). The Linde HC is situated quite far away from the IDP site and most
people prefer to visit the Napai HC or the Rural Hospital of Montepuez.
Girls reported that it might be difficult to reach the health centres because of distance
and transport costs, so they prefer to stay home and to recur to traditional remedies
(e.g. if they want to do an abortion). Girls and women also mentioned that health
centres often do not have medicines, so they have to buy them, which may be a
concern since they often have no money.
At Linde HC a GBV focal point is available; she is a maternal child health nurse; she
attended a 1-day training in Post Exposure Profilaxis (PEP) for sexual violence for
adults and children in 2022; she received the newly released Ministry of Health GBV
screening tools but she has not been trained on them yet; she has never been trained
on how to provide safe abortion; no prophylactic schemes for PEP for sexual violence
are available in the reception room. The centre does have a GBV kit. The kit includes
suture kit and dressing, analgesics, HIV test, PEP for HIV, syphilis test, STIs|\n\n\n5 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|prophylaxis, and tetanus vaccination. Some items are missing, such as pregnancy
tests, emergency pills (they use Mycroginon), and Hep B vaccine; they also are not
able to collect samples, nor to provide safe abortion and post-abortion care (they only
refer to the Mapupulo HC). Family planning methods are available (depo, pill, implant).
GBV survivors are usually attended in the observation room; this is situated in the
main building at the entrance, next to the triage room; the place is not appropriate for
receiving GBV survivors, because many people sit outside while waiting to enter the
triage room. GBV survivors could be attended to in a room in the maternity ward which
is situated a little far away from the main building. No police post is available in the
HC; the nearest police station is in Mapupulo.
Most GBV cases attended at Linde HC are cases of domestic violence, child marriage,
sexual abuse of children (< 6 months) by family members. Health staff can prioritize
health care for GBV survivors, but they will always ask survivors to provide a referral
guide from police or community leaders; they might also contact the leadership about
the case, so to confirm that the case effectively happened. Amongst the most recent
cases attended at the HC, they mentioned a case of sexual violence against a child,
which resulted in child pregnancy; firstly, families tried to solve the situation within the
community; then the survivor\u2019s parents decided to report it to the police. Another one
was a case of domestic violence.
The Napai HC has a GBV focal point; she has been trained in care for premature birth
and basic principles of GBV; she mentioned she has never received any training in
care for GBV children survivors nor safe abortion care.
The HC has a GBV kit, including analgesics, wound treatment (suture kit and
dressing), HIV test, PEP for HIV, syphilis test, STI prophylaxis (except; ciprofloxacin,
metronidazole), and tetanus vaccination. The kit does not include pregnancy tests,
emergency pill (only Mycroginon), or Hep B vaccination. They also do not collect
samples. They also provide family planning methods (condoms, lubricant, depo, pill,
implant, IUD); they are also able to provide safe abortion and post-abortion care.
They received the newly released MISAU screening tools, but they have not been
trained yet. They have attended only a few GBV cases this year; 1 case was of
physical aggression between women; another of sexual violence by an adult man
against a girl. All cases are host community members.
They always prioritize health care for GBV survivors without immediately asking for a
certificate from the police; however, they might later ask them to bring the certificate.
The service space is located within the youth centre - Servi\u00e7os de Atendimento
Adolescentes e Jovens (SAAJ); it is well located, in a place that is separated from
other services and might offer some privacy. All medicines and records are kept in a
locker with a key.|\n|---|---|\n||Who does the community report to when faced with GBV incidents and what are the
reporting options?
In case of sexual violence, men and boys would report cases to police, the general
chief and community police, while women and girls would prefer to speak with their
families. Women mentioned that families might provide strong emotional support.
According to boy participants, girls particularly might feel very uncomfortable speaking
out with community leaders in case of sexual violence, for fear of being judged and|\n\n\n6 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|stigmatized. Men added that girls might even prefer to speak to friends instead of
parents for fear of being judged.
In case of domestic violence, all agreed that cases would be reported to community
leaders and activists. Men mentioned that women would probably not seek help in
case of domestic violence for fear of being rejected by their husband or even asked
to leave the house.
In case of psychological violence, women and girls would seek help with neighbours,
friends, while men and boys would prefer to speak to community leaders, community
police or the family chief. Men reported that women might even not perceive it as a
form of GBV.
In case of economic violence, most would speak to their families, although most
participants, particularly women and girls, struggled to understand what economic
violence is.
In case of PSEA, participants mentioned that they would speak to family and friends;
men and boys would contact the community leader, while girls know about the
existence of Linha Verde.
Men are the only ones among participants who know that there are dedicated GBV
services. Boys know that survivors of sexual violence should seek for immediate
medical help; however, they have no information about the kind of help GBV survivors
might comprehensively need.
Women and girls\u2019 participants had no information about the existence of GBV
services. Women reported that most girls do not go to school, therefore they have no
information about their rights.|\n|---|---|\n||Food security
**Access to food, land for crops and safe water are highly challenging.**
Male community actors mention that host community members can rent or sell land
plots for cultivation because of existing tensions between host and displaced
communities.
All participants highlighted the existing challenges in accessing water; in particular,
safe drinking water might be available only in sites perceived as at risk, due to tensions
with host communities. Girls also reported that host community members may ask
IDPs food which has been distributed in exchange of access to water sources.|\n|**Community**
**structures and**
**cultural**
**perceptions**|Cultural perceptions
Participants reported different ways GBV might be explained and justified through
**common patriarchal and sexist views on gender relations and GBV, blaming the**
**survivors for the GBV incident.**
Men reported that if a woman is sexually assaulted by men, the community might think
thatshe took advantage of the man's money without thanking him by having sexual
intercourse with him._\u201cWhen an adult woman is sexually assaulted by a man, we think_
_it is something they did not want to resolve in a good way\u201d \u201cor she \u2018ate\u2019 the man's_
_money and did not want to have sex with him as she should, we think so\u201d._Or if men
buy a_capulana_ (traditional cloth) to women and they do not thank men, this can
particularly stress men and they might react violently.

Girls reported how community members might justify domestic violence. A woman
was beaten by her husband; she discovered he was cheating on her and followed him
at the husband\u2019s lover\u2019s house. People said:_\u201cWhy did she follow her husband? Why_
_did she not simply stay at home?\u201d_.|\n\n\n7 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Boys reported that community members can also say that if women are beaten by
their partners, it is because women are weak. People in the community also say that
GBV is part of daily marriage life and women have to learn to deal with it (othelia
ovilela \u2013 marriage is endurance).
Boys reported as well that the community might say that if GBV happens to women
and girls, it is because they are provoking men. Girls therefore confirmed that girls
might be reluctant to seek help since the community usually says that GBV occurs
because girls provoke men and they, therefore, fear to be discriminated against if they
speak out. Women mentioned that community members were saying that if the woman
who was raped while coming home from a bar didn't go out at night and drink a lot,
none of that would have happened to her. Women highlighted how survivors of sexual
violence would feel ashamed to seek help for fear of being stigmatized or
discriminated.|\n|---|---|\n|**Accountability**
**to Affected**
**Population**
**(AAP)**|Knowledge of complaint and feedback mechanisms
As previously mentioned, participants are aware of complaint mechanisms for abuses
during food distributions. Only girls know about_Linha Verde_and most women have
never heard speaking about PSEA.|\n\n\n##### 2.) Safety Walk findings\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sector|Findings|Commented [AT9]: BY WHOM?
Commented [ZL10R9]: Done|\n|---|---|---|\n|**General**
**Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household**
**level) **|Lighting information
**Insufficient outdoor lighting** is perceived as a safety and security risk. Public lighting
was provided by Camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) but equipment
was stolen. Solar lamps were distributed to families.|Lighting information
**Insufficient outdoor lighting** is perceived as a safety and security risk. Public lighting
was provided by Camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) but equipment
was stolen. Solar lamps were distributed to families.|\n|**General**
**Structure**
**(lighting, night**
**lighting,**
**overcrowding,**
**privacy at**
**household**
**level) **|Shelter
No community members are sleeping in open spaces. Households with more than 6
family members have been assigned two-bedroom houses by local authorities; those
with less than 5 family members accessed one-bedroom houses. In one-bedroom
houses, parents usually sleep in the bedroom, while the rest of the family stays in the
living room. Houses have no interior doors, which is perceived by participants as a
challenge in ensuring privacy at household level. External wood doors are usually
equipped with lockers. CCCM is currently supporting community members with
constructing materials, particularly roofing materials. Fireplaces are kept outside the
house, although when it rains people cook inside.|Shelter
No community members are sleeping in open spaces. Households with more than 6
family members have been assigned two-bedroom houses by local authorities; those
with less than 5 family members accessed one-bedroom houses. In one-bedroom
houses, parents usually sleep in the bedroom, while the rest of the family stays in the
living room. Houses have no interior doors, which is perceived by participants as a
challenge in ensuring privacy at household level. External wood doors are usually
equipped with lockers. CCCM is currently supporting community members with
constructing materials, particularly roofing materials. Fireplaces are kept outside the
house, although when it rains people cook inside.|\n|**WASH (water**
**points, latrines,**
**showers) **|Water points / access to water
**Poor access to safe water**is the highest concern in Massingiri. IDPs usually get safe
water from a fountain located in the local community, just on the other side of the main
road. However, members from the local community may prevent IDPs from accessing
this water source during food distributions; IDPs reported that they may roll electrical
wire around fountains to prevent access during two or more weeks; no action seems
to have been taken by community leaders to overcome this situation. IDPs, therefore,
need to look for alternative sources of water, such as streams and swamps; they
usually use this water for bathing and washing, while they might also be forced to drink
it when no other water sources are available. This raises health concerns among the
population, since water is not considered safe for drinking.|Water points / access to water
**Poor access to safe water**is the highest concern in Massingiri. IDPs usually get safe
water from a fountain located in the local community, just on the other side of the main
road. However, members from the local community may prevent IDPs from accessing
this water source during food distributions; IDPs reported that they may roll electrical
wire around fountains to prevent access during two or more weeks; no action seems
to have been taken by community leaders to overcome this situation. IDPs, therefore,
need to look for alternative sources of water, such as streams and swamps; they
usually use this water for bathing and washing, while they might also be forced to drink
it when no other water sources are available. This raises health concerns among the
population, since water is not considered safe for drinking.|\n\n\n8 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Women and girls are usually responsible for fetching water. One of the paths that lead
to a swamp is not considered safe by IDPs since it goes along the bushes; women
and girls are afraid to be harassed by men and boys.|\n|---|---|\n||Public latrines
Public latrines separated by sex, including latrines for people with disabilities, were
previously available and functioning in the IDP site. IDPs now use private latrines
located in their house backyards; latrines are not separated by sex, but participants
did not share any specific safety concerns in relation to this.
No public showers are available. People can bath at home in their own backyard; they
might also bath in streams and swamps, although women and girls might not always
feel very safe.|\n|**Facilities**
**(schools,**
**learning**
**spaces, health,**
**markets) and**
**Access to Land **|Schools (primary and secondary)
**Access to education** represents a serious challenge.
Classes from 1st to 3rd grade are conducted under a mango tree by a government
teacher; however, teacher\u2019s presence is not regular; school furniture such as desks
and chairs are not available, neither school materials; students use the latrines from
the AVSI \u2018alpendre\u2019.
4th to 7th grade school is only available in the local town of Massingiri which is a 2h
walk or 30MZT by public bus. Participants mentioned that distance makes children
giving up going to school.
Secondary schools are only available in the city of Montepuez.|\n|**Facilities**
**(schools,**
**learning**
**spaces, health,**
**markets) and**
**Access to Land **|Distribution points
Distributions usually take place at the entrance of the IDP site. In order to ensure that
beneficiaries can safely access distributions with dignity and without harm or
discrimination, different measures have been taken. Distributions occur in the
presence of government police (indicatively two police officers) and community police
(three-four people). During distributions a complaints box is available and community
members can address dedicated staff, if they have any complaints. A management
committee (8 people, all of them volunteers), composed of people with different
backgrounds (gender, origin, etc.), has also been created to ensure safe and equal
access to distributions.|\n|**Facilities**
**(schools,**
**learning**
**spaces, health,**
**markets) and**
**Access to Land **|Health services available
IDPs in Massingiri usually visit the health centres of Napai, Linde or Montepuez.
Linde health centre (HC) is 3 hours by walk from the IDP site. IDPs might prefer this
HC in case they need to be hospitalized, since some of them have family in Linde who
could support them (for instance, with food or shelter). According to Linde HC staff,
the majority of people who reach Linde HC are host community members from Linde,
other IDPs from the IDP sites of 25, Uni\u00e3o, Natiti, Massingiri; they rarely attend people
from Massingiri due to the long distance.
Napai HC is closer to Massingiri; people might prefer to visit this HC, if needed.
Both health centres have**GBV focal points**.

Sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) are provided by the Aga Khan
Foundation in the IDP site; in particular, trained activists can provide family planning
(FP) services (pills, injections, condoms). Both activists - 1 female, 1 male - are host
community members of Moconi; they regularly travel to the IDP site by bicycle to
provide their services. Some concerns have been raised in relation to access to SRH
services.**Unsafe abortion** is considered the highest risk; women might be asked to
pay a fee to access safe abortion at health centres. Access to FP methods might also
be challenging; some women might refuse to use the implant because if they decide
to remove it, health staff might ask for money to buy blades, gloves, etc.

Mobile health brigades are conducted by MISAU but they are not very regular.
|\n\n\n9 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|A community health committee exists on the site. One of their members is part of the
Napai HC management group; another member is part of the Linde HC management
committee.|\n|---|---|\n||Shops and markets
No market is available in the centre. Community members built some homemade stalls
where they sell products, such as onions and salt, bought in the city of Montepuez.|\n||Access to agricultural land
**Access to land for crops** is a challenge for IDPs in Massingiri. Host community
members can prohibit access to land to displaced people or ask them to buy it,
mentioning that IDPs are privileged since they already have access to food
distributions.|\n||Access to civil documentation
Most participants, particularly young people, do not have identity documents (IDs).
They usually travel to other sites (eg. Ntele or Nacaca) where mobile brigades for legal
documentation are available and services are offered for free.|\n|**Movements**
**Inside and**
**Outside the**
**Site **|Risks on paths and access points / curfews
**Paths to get firewood or to fetch water** are considered**unsafe** by women and girls.
Women usually walk in groups to get firewood; the place is a little far (1 hour by foot
from the IDP site) and it is in the middle of a bush. Women and girls walk in groups
also to fetch water, since some paths leading to water sources go along the bushes.
The road to Montepuez is not perceived as very safe after 5pm; participants mentioned
that there are bandits attacking passers-by.
The mosque is in the host community; IDPs never had any problems attending it.
There are no official curfews in the IDPs, although women and girls are suggested to
be at home after sunset.
In order to improve security conditions in the centre, girls reported that community
leaders regularly organize community meetings to discuss cohabiting norms and
community police groups. However, GBV is not touched during these meetings.|\n|**Presence of**
**Armed Actors**
**Barriers or**
**Checkpoints **|Presence of security, police or armed forces information
No police station exists in the centre; people usually visit Mapupulo police station or
Montepuez. Community police (_Grupo 12_) is present.|\n\n### IV. Recommendations\n\n\n\n\n\nThe recommendations listed below are linked to the findings of the Safety Audit. This list is not\nexhaustive and will be presented to the services providers and the community with the aim that they\ncan work together to develop an integrated GBV risk reduction and response plan for the site.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Thematic area|Recommendations|Col3|Action Plan|Commented [AT11]: Some groups have been flagged to be
less aware than other - need to undertand why/cause of the
issues / and design awareness raising not in a blancket
manner but takes into considerations needs to different
groups
Commented [ZL12R11]: Done|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|Engage with specific portions of the community
identified as being less aware of GBV issues, to improve
awareness and safe access to GBV case management
services, including health centres and_Gabinete de_
_atendimento a mulheres e crian\u00e7as vitimas de violencia_.|with specific portions of the community|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, ot~~h~~er
government
and
humanitarian
actors
involved
in
the
GBV
response|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, ot~~h~~er
government
and
humanitarian
actors
involved
in
the
GBV
response|\n|**GBV/Protection**
**And SEA**|Build the capacity of the GBV service providers on GBV
and survivor-centred approach In particular, engage
with community actors and other humanitarian
partners in order to build their capacity on GBV and to
make survivor-centred referrals.|Build the capacity of the GBV service providers on GBV
and survivor-centred approach In particular, engage
with community actors and other humanitarian
partners in order to build their capacity on GBV and to
make survivor-centred referrals.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, other
government
and
humanitarian
actors
involved
in
the
GBV
response|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, other
government
and
humanitarian
actors
involved
in
the
GBV
response|\n\n\n\n10 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|GBV engagement sessions with women and girls, men
and boys on GBV, including child marriage, IPV, sexual
violence, and sexual exploitation and abuse. This
should include sessions to discuss sensitive issues such
as sexual and reproductive health, including safe and
consensual sex, family planning, early pregnancies, safe
abortion, GBV risks related to transactional sex.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, other
government and humanitarian
actors involved in the GBV
response|\n|---|---|---|\n||Create/improve different complaint and feedback
mechanisms, guaranteeing confidentiality, safe and
security, and rapid response.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM, other
government
and
humanitarian
actors
involved
in
the
GBV
response|\n||Facilitate safe spaces for women and girls on the site
and promote safe access to quality GBV case
management, PSS support and as a safe entry point to
access other services through mapping site-based GBV
services.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM|\n||Involve both displaced and host community members
in discussions to enhance community cohesion and
reduce discrimination against displaced populations.
Conduct training for community leaders on core
Protection topics including GBV and survivor-centred
access to GBV services/referral pathways.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM|\n||Capacitate women\u2019s groups on GBV response and
prevention in order to form a community protection
group addressing GBV, SEA and other protection issues.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM|\n||Engage security actors such as police and community
police to assess their role in GBV prevention and
response and include them in training initiatives on
core Protection topics including GBV and survivor-
centred access to GBV services/referral pathways.|UNHCR, AVSI, CUAMM|\n||Ensure access to identity document services are
available, particularly for displaced people and
vulnerable groups.|Government agencies and other
humanitarian actors supporting
legal documentation provision.|\n|**Health**|Ensure health and volunteer staff working at the
different GBV entry points within health centres
(maternity,_SAAJ-Servi\u00e7os Amigos dos Adolescentes e_
_Jovens_, _UATs \u2013Unidades de Aconselhamento e_
_Testagem_) are trained in order to be able to provide
survivor-centred care and referrals.

Develop/improve
protocols
for
GBV
survivors
guaranteeing the survivor-centred approach.

Ensure GBV screening and reporting tools are available
and staff are trained to use them. Ensure staff also have
access to GBV guidelines, in particular, about PEP.

Ensure that complete GBV kits are available at the
health centre level, including pregnancy tests, Hepatitis
B vaccine and that safe abortion services are available.
Ensure that all services are provided for free.
|Health Cluster, UNFPA, other
medical GBV humanitarian actors
involved in the GBV response|\n\n\n\n11 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT", - "confidence": 0.9949982166290283, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7915545105934143, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Ensure GBV screening is always conducted in safe and
confidential manners and a safe and confidential space
to attend GBV survivors is available at health centre
level.
Ensure data on GBV cases are collected in a confidential
manner and safely stored and MISAU case intake forms
are available.
Ensure that GBV incidents will not be reported to police
or community leaders without the consent of the
survivor.
Ensure that staff will not take any measures to confirm
the allegations of the GBV survivor. Perpetrators,
leaders, or any other person should not be contacted
to confirm allegations.
Ensure that the staff will not take any measures to
mediate conflicts after receiving a GBV survivor. The
staff should be limited to providing health care. Any
other assistance should be referred to the specialized
services. The staff should be aware of the referral
pathway.|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**WASH**|Ensure access to safe and drinking water. Take
measures to avoid the lines to access water overnight,
exposing girls and women to protection risks. Promote
the creation of local committees of water resources
management, including host community members and
displaced people, to avoid conflicts and payment to
access boreholes.|CCCM and WASH Cluster|\n|**CCCM**|Increase lighting on public streets, particularly those
pathways girls and women use to reach health centres,
schools and water sources.|CCCM and Shelter Cluster|\n|**CCCM**|Distribute rechargeable lamps in order to increase the
safety of community members, particularly women and
girls.|Distribute rechargeable lamps in order to increase the
safety of community members, particularly women and
girls.|\n|**CCCM**|Support community female leadership groups and
other
women\u2019s\u2019
and
girls\u2019
groups
and
establish/promote accessible complaints and feedback
mechanisms for women and girls.|Support community female leadership groups and
other
women\u2019s\u2019
and
girls\u2019
groups
and
establish/promote accessible complaints and feedback
mechanisms for women and girls.|\n|**Shelter**|Ensure houses are provided to the most vulnerable
groups, particularly female-headed households. If GBV
survivors share the need to access an independent
house, facilitate GBV survivors\u2019 access to empty
shelters. Ensure houses include interior doors, as to
provide privacy, and provide lockers for exterior doors.
Ensure that female-headed households share the same
area in order to protect each other.|CCCM and Shelter Cluster|\n|**Food Security**|Ensure food and voucher distributions effectively reach
the most vulnerable groups, including female-headed
households.
|CUAMM, AVSI, UNHCR;
humanitarian actors supporting
food security|\n\n\n\n12 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV SAFETY AUDIT REPORT - MASSINGIRI, MONTEPUEZ, MOZAMBIQUE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Ensure PSEA awareness-raising sessions are held during
food and voucher distributions, as well as during
sensitization in the community in order to inform the
population about PSEA risks, referral mechanisms and
available support services.
Ensure that complaint and feedback mechanisms are
available and function during the registration and
distribution. Ensure rapid response to the allegations.|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Education**|Ensure adequate education services are available for
both displaced and host communities, particularly for
displaced and vulnerable girls. Children should be
registered and be able to access school kits.|Humanitarian actors supporting
education|\n|**Livelihoods**|Identify safe livelihood options and engage in
existing/new programs.

Develop/improve
economic
empowerment
for
women.|FLS Cluster, Humanitarian actors
supporting livelihood|\n|**Land**|Facilitate access to land to women in case of divorce or
partner\u2019s death.|HLP AoR|\n|**All Clusters**|Guarantee a gender approach in every program.|UNHCR, CUAMM, AVSI, and every
humanitarian actors|\n\n\n13 UNHCR - CUAMM / April 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ecd7af7-367c-4eba-a119-d131c5d6daa2/UNHCR_CUAMM%20GBV%20Safety%20Audit_%20Massingiri%20Site_Montepuez_April%202023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_724/raw/doc_724_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_724/raw/doc_724_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2f7dea63bda89664da21ccdb49f78949582c846d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_724/raw/doc_724_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "extending into its fourth academic year,\nonly a fraction of the estimated 25,000\nrefugee children (including nearly 10,000\npre-school and 15,500 school-age) are\ncurrently enrolled in Moldovan schools.\nThe large number of children studying\noutside of a school setting poses risks\nsuch as academic underachievement,\nsocial isolation, and increased\nvulnerability to protection risks. The\nRoadmap outlines coordinated actions to\nsupport refugee children and, in parallel,\nstrengthen Moldova\u2019s educational system\nto benefit all children in the country.\n\n## OBJECTIVES\n\n**Integration** **of** **refugee** **children** **in**\n**Moldova\u2019s education system:** Progressively\nincrease the inclusion of refugee children in\nthe Moldovan education system, starting with\n25% enrollment, followed by a 50% target,\nand ultimately aiming for full integration of all\nrefugee children.\n\n\n\ngovernment budget is insufficient to meet the\neducation needs of all refugee students in the\ncountry. Increased enrollment, without\ncomplementary funding, may negatively impact\nboth refugee and Moldovan students.\n**Infrastructure needs:** Schools, especially in\nhigh-refugee-density regions, require upgrades\nand additional resources (classroom equipment,\ntechnology, and personnel) to accommodate\nadditional children.\n**Current funding formulas constraints:** Funding\nformulas based on older enrollment data cause\ndelays in financial responses, thereby straining the\nsystem as refugee enrollment numbers grow.\n\n\n**Quality education for all:** Provide equitable,\nquality education by developing new curricula for\nthe preparatory year and Accelerated Learning\nProgram, as well as increasing language support,\nand offering remedial programs to bridge gaps\nbetween Ukrainian and Moldovan education\nsystems.\n\n\n\n1 The Refugee Education Working Group is under the coordination structure for the Refugee Response managed by the Refugee Coordination Forum.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enrollment data", - "confidence": 0.9536570906639099, - "start": 249, - "end": 251 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.7230645418167114, - "start": 166, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b66dfdef-4eac-5f65-854f-11cea997b197/UNHCR_Roadmap_for_the_Inclusion_of_Refugee_Children_in_the_Education%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Roadmap for the Inclusion of Refugee Children in the Education System in the Republic of Moldova Ministry of Education and Research\n\n\n\n**Financial sustainability:** Mobilize additional\nfunding to cover the increased costs and\nprevent adverse effects on the education of\nMoldovan and refugee children.\n\n\n\n**Education system strengthening:** Enhance\nteacher training, revise funding formulas,\nupgrade school infrastructure, and improve\ndigital learning facilities to accommodate the\nincreased student population.\n\n\n## STRATEGIC PILLARS AND FUNDING REQUIREMENTS\n\n\n\n**Compensation for additional direct costs of**\n**the national education system:** Additional\nfunding is needed to cover the direct costs of\nintegrating more students. This includes support\nfor preschools and schools, school meals, and\nteaching supplies and resources. **25.3M EUR**\n\n**Support for children with special education**\n**needs:** The roadmap estimates that\napproximately 5% of refugee children require\nspecialized educational support. Activities\nwill include the recruitment of specialist staff, the\nprovision of assistive devices, and the\nestablishment of inclusive resource centers.\n**1.6M EUR**\n\n**Non-formal education and extracurriculars:**\nActivities that support social cohesion and\nstudent engagement will be scaled up in schools\nwith high numbers of refugee children to ensure\nthat refugee children feel welcomed and\nintegrated in their schools. **936,000 EUR**\n\n**Online learning via EduTech labs:** While\nin-person schooling is the priority, support for\nUkrainian curriculum online learning in\nschool-based labs remains a transitional\nmeasure to ensure that children are learning in a\nschool setting. **546,000 EUR**\n\n\n\n**Catch** **up** **and** **accelerated** **learning**\n**programs:** These programs will support children\nto \u201ccatch up\u201d with the Moldovan curriculum, as\nwell as support students with no educational\nbackground, including Roma children.\n**4.81M EUR**\n\n**Integration program in romanian-language**\n**schools (preparatory year):** New intensive\nRomanian language, history, and culture courses\nwill be introduced to prepare refugee students\nfor full participation in schools that teach in\nRomanian. **1.2M EUR**\n\n**School infrastructure improvements:** Minor\nrehabilitation and equipment purchases will be\nsupported in schools most affected by increased\nenrollment, to ensure adequate learning\nconditions. **923,000 EUR**\n\n\n**Communication:** Campaigns will address\ninformation gaps, targeting both refugee and\nhost communities, to ensure that refugee\nfamilies have the needed information to support\ntheir children\u2019s school enrollment. **143,000 EUR**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b66dfdef-4eac-5f65-854f-11cea997b197/UNHCR_Roadmap_for_the_Inclusion_of_Refugee_Children_in_the_Education%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Roadmap for the Inclusion of Refugee Children in the Education System in the Republic of Moldova Ministry of Education and Research\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## CONCLUSION\n\n\n\n\n\nThe Roadmap is a strategic initiative aimed at overcoming significant barriers to integrate all refugee\nchildren into Moldovan educational institutions. By addressing enrollment gaps, revising funding\nmechanisms, enhancing teaching support, and upgrading infrastructure, the Roadmap sets a clear\npath toward educational equity. However, its success depends critically on securing additional funding\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b66dfdef-4eac-5f65-854f-11cea997b197/UNHCR_Roadmap_for_the_Inclusion_of_Refugee_Children_in_the_Education%201.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_725/raw/doc_725_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_725/raw/doc_725_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 32bef9f7933087d27971d8a2940a062b3a55a609..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_725/raw/doc_725_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,253 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "###### Arrivals in Europe in 2023 [2]\n\nSome **55,704** children arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta\nand Spain. Of these, **35,510 (64%)** were unaccompanied or separated\nchildren (UASC). [3] Child arrivals increased by **58% in 2023** compared\nto **2022 (35,170)** .\n\n\n1\n\n\n\nto 2022 (59). Most of the children, including UASC, originated from\nBangladesh and Guinea.\n\n\nCyprus\n\nIn 2023, 1,638 children arrived by sea in 2023, including 828 UASC.\nAll children, including UASC, who arrived by sea originated from\nthe Syrian Arab Republic.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n###### Demographic of arrivals by country of arrival\n\n\n_Figure 1: Total arrivals by sea and by land, by gender, age and country of arrival (%)_\n\nGreece Spain Italy Malta\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n18%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBulgaria Cyprus\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 2: Number of children arriving by sea and by land, by status and by country of_\n_arrival_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5%\n\n\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAccompanied UASC\n\n###### Nationality by country of arrival [9 ]\n\n\n\nAccompanied Children UASC\n\n_Figure 3: Accompanied children arrived in Europe, main countries of origin by country_ _Figure 4: UASC arrived in Europe, main countries of origin by country of arrival_\n_of arrival_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Hellenic Police, EKKA; Italian Ministry of Interior; Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees; Maltese Immigration Police; and Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security and Law Enforcement (MHSE).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n###### arrival [10]\n\n\n\nAccompanied Children\n\n\n\nAmong the 10,400 accompanied children who arrived in Bulgaria,\nCyprus, Greece and Malta in 2023, 27% were 0-4 years old, 59% were\n5-14 years old and 14% were 15-17 years old. The age breakdown\nfor accompanied children in Italy and Spain is not available.\n\n\n_Figure 5: Age breakdown of accompanied children, by country of arrival (%)_\n\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0-4 years 5-14 years 15-17 years\n\n\nUnaccompanied Children\n\nMost UASC who arrived in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and\nMalta in 2023 were between 15 and 17 years old (81% overall). Age\ndisaggregated data on children arriving in Spain is not available.\n\n\n_Figure 6: Age breakdown of UASC, by country of arrival (%)_\n\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0-4 years 5-14 years 15-17 years\n\n\nSources: Hellenic Police, EKKA, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies on UASC in reception,\nBulgarian State Agency for Refugees, Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security and\nLaw Enforcement (MHSE).\n\nNote: Due to the limited disaggregation or inconsistency of data by age and gender across\ncountries, these graphs refer to estimates.\n\n\nGender Breakdown\n\nOverall, the proportion of boys remains high, comprising 77% of\nall children who arrived via the Eastern and Central Mediterranean\nroutes in 2023. The percentage of boys arriving in Cyprus, Italy and\nMalta was significantly higher than average: 75% in Cyprus, 88%\nin Italy, and 93% in Malta. Gender disaggregated data on children\narriving in Spain is not available.\n\nMeanwhile, the percentage of girls arriving in Greece increased from\n32% in 2022 to 38% in 2023. [11]\n\n\n_Figure 7: Gender breakdown of children arrived in Europe by sea and by land, by_\n_country of arrival (%)_\n\n\n\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly*\n\n\nBulgaria\n\n\nMalta\n\n\nCyprus\n\n\n\n62%\n\n\n88%\n\n\n53%\n\n\n93%\n\n\n75%\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n47%\n\n\n7%\n\n\n25%\n\n\n\nBoys Girls\n\n- For Italy, the calculation is based on the estimated 23,226 UASC registered in the reception system\nas of December 2023, according to the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies. These also\ninclude 4,131 Ukrainian unaccompanied children.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n###### Asylum applications and decisions\n\nAsylum applicants\n\nIn 2023, European countries [16] reported a total of 1,085,165 new asylumseekers (first-time applicants), a notable increase of 179,130 (20%)\nfrom the previous year. Among these applicants, approximately onefourth (268,150) were children, indicating a 16% increase from 230,400\nasylum applications lodged by children in 2022. Girls represented 41%\nof all new asylum-seeking children (109,620).\n\n\n_Figure 8: First-time asylum applications lodged by children in Europe, 2019-2023_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n268,150\n\n\n\n2019 2020 2021 2022 2023\n\nSource: Eurostat [migr_asyappctza], last update 18 April 2024\n\nThe countries with the highest number of new asylum applications\nfrom children were Germany, France, Spain, Austria and Greece,\ncollectively receiving over three-fourths of all first-time child asylum\napplicants in European countries. Germany recorded the highest\nnumber of child asylum applications (103,465 or 39%), followed by\nFrance (38,495, or 14%), Spain (30,710, or 11%), Austria (19,275 or 7%)\nand Greece (13,790 or 5%).\n\n\nAsylum applicants as unaccompanied children\n\n\nIn 2023, European countries recorded 40,420 new asylum applications\nfrom unaccompanied children, marking a 3% increase from 2022\n(39,190). Of these applicants, 8% were girls and 92% were boys. Over\nthree quarters of these unaccompanied children seeking asylum\nwere registered in Germany (15,270 or 36%), the Netherlands (5,805 or\n14%), Austria (4,945 or 12%), Bulgaria (3,845 or 9%) and Greece (2,670\nor 6%). The Syrian Arab Republic led as primary country of origin for\nthese children seeking asylum, comprising 35% of the total, followed\nby Afghanistan (31%), Somalia (5%) and T\u00fcrkiye (3%). Together, these\nthree countries contributed to 75% of the total asylum applications\nlodged by unaccompanied children in 2023.\n\n\nFirst-instance decisions on child asylum applications\n\n_Figure 9: Top ten country of asylum for children receiving a first-instance positive_\n_decision on asylum applications in Europe, 2022-2023_\n\n\n\nIn 2023, European national authorities processed 184,135 firstinstance decisions on child asylum applications. Among these,\n121,095 accounting for 66% were positive decisions, marking a one\npercent decrease from 2022. The bulk of these positive decisions,\ncomprising over three-fourths of the total, were issued by Germany\n(41%), France (13%), Austria (9%), Spain (8%) and Switzerland (6%).\n\nIn absolute numbers, Germany led in issuing the highest number\nof positive decisions (49,760) granting refugee status (53%) and\nsubsidiary protection (35%). Most of those positive decisions were\nissued to Syrian, Afghan and Eritrean children. Spain issued the most\ndecisions on cases involving Venezuelan children, granting them\nhumanitarian status.\n\nFrance mostly granted refugee status (80%). Most grants of these\ndecisions were to Afghan, Guinean and Ivorian children. While refugee\nand subsidiary protection statuses adhere to European Union (EU)\nregulations, humanitarian status is specific to national legislation and\nmay not be uniformly applied across the EU Member States. Out of\nthe 121,095 children who received a first-instance positive decision in\n2023 (EU27+), 57% were granted refugee status (compared to 56% in\n2022), 26% subsidiary protection (27% in 2022), and 17% were granted\nhumanitarian status (down from 18% in 2022).\n\nApproximately 62,985 children (34% of all first-time decisions in 2023)\nwere denied international protection at first instance. Notably, among\nchildren from the top countries of origin by decisions, a high proportion\nfaces adverse decisions, particularly those from Georgia (94%),\nColombia (85%), T\u00fcrkiye (72%), Nigeria (66%), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (54%), Iraq\n42(%) and Guinea (36%).\n\n\n_Figure 10: First-instance decisions on child asylum applications in Europe in 2023,_\n_top countries of origin by number of decisions (%)_\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugee\n\nstatus\n\n\n\nHumanitarian Subsidiary/\nprotection complementary\nprotection\n\n\n\nRejected\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nFrance\n\n\nAustria\n\n\nSpain\n\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\nGreece\n\n\nItaly\n\n\nBelgium\n\n\nNetherlands\n\n\nSweden\n\n\nOther EU27+\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n63,730\n\n\n2022\n\n\n2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n###### Relocation in Europe\n\nRelocation has remained an important\nmeans of supporting vulnerable migrants\nand refugees in Europe, including UASC,\nand enhancing solidarity among States.\n\nIn 2023, IOM continued its support to\nrelocation under existing schemes and\nunder the [Voluntary Solidarity Mechanism](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en)\nfrom Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, and\nSpain. In close cooperation with involved\ngovernments and partner agencies such\nas UNHCR, UNICEF and EUAA, and under\noverall coordination by the European\nCommission DG HOME, a total of 774\nchildren were assisted with voluntary\nrelocation from Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta,\nand Spain to 10 European countries. This\nis a 160% increase compared to the 297\nchildren relocated in 2022.\n\nOut of the 774 children relocated in 2023,\n415 were boys and 359 girls. Among all the\nrelocated children, 56 were UASC (7% of\nthe total) and were relocated from Greece\nto Portugal. This included 18 cases who\nreached adulthood during the process.\n\n\n\n_Figure 11: Children relocated in Europe, by country of departure and country of relocation_\n\n\nDeparted from Relocated to\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### Assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) for children and UASC\n\n\n\nIn 2023, IOM provided voluntary return support to 21,407 migrants\nfrom European Economic Area (EEA) countries, the United Kingdom\nand Switzerland (30% of all 72,178 migrants assisted globally) to their\ncountries of origin. Of these, 50% (10,761) were assisted in returning\nfrom Germany alone, and about 24% (5,051) were children, including\n48 UASC.\n\nOf all AVRR beneficiaries assisted in returning from the EEA region,\nthe United Kingdom and Switzerland, around 58% (12,389) returned to\n\n\n7\n\n\n\ncountries in South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia;\n9% (2025) to Asia and the Pacific, 10% (2,105) to the Middle East and\nNorth Africa, 15 % (3,154) to South America and the rest, 8% (1,734),\nto other regions. Among the 5,051 children assisted in returning, the\nmain nationalities were North Macedonia, Georgia, Albania, Brazil, the\nRussian Federation, Serbia, Iraq, T\u00fcrkiye, Moldova, and Colombia.\n\n###### Children resettled in Europe\n\n\nOf the 20,000 people submitted for\nresettlement in Europe in 2023, 52%\nwere children (27% boys and 25% girls).\nGermany, France, Norway, Finland, and\nSpain were the main countries in Europe\nconsidering children\u2019s resettlement\ncases. Afghanistan, Democratic Republic\nof Congo, Eritrea and Iraq were the most\ncommon countries of origin of children\nwhose cases were being considered for\nresettlement by European States in 2023.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR UNICEF IOM \u2013 OVERVIEW OF TRENDS \u2013 2023\n\n\n###### Definitions\n\n\u201cA child means every human being below the age of eighteen years\nunless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained\n[earlier.\u201d [source]](https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/convention-text)\n\n\u201cSeparated children are children (\u2026) who have been separated from\nboth parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary\ncaregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives. These may,\ntherefore, include children accompanied by other adult family\n[members.\u201d [source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\n\u201cUnaccompanied children (also called unaccompanied minors) are\nchildren (\u2026) who have been separated from both parents and other\nrelatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom,\n[is responsible for doing so.\u201d [source]](https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf)\n\nA \"refugee\" is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being\npersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a\nparticular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of\ntheir nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to\navail himself of the protection of that country (Article 1 A 1951 Refugee\nConvention).\n\nAn \"asylum-seeker\" is a person who has applied for asylum and is\nawaiting a decision as to whether they are a refugee. Determination of\nrefugee status can only be of a declaratory nature. Indeed, any person\nis a refugee within the framework of a given instrument if they meet\nthe criteria of the refugee definition in that instrument, whether they are\nformally recognized as a refugee or not (UNHCR Note on Determination\n[of Refugee Status under International Instruments). [source]](https://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cc04/note-determination-refugee-status-under-international-instruments)\n\nA \"migrant\" refers to any person who is moving or has moved across\nan international border or within a State away from their habitual place\nof residence, regardless of (1) the person\u2019s legal status; (2) whether\nthe movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3) what the causes for the\n[movement are; or (4) what the length of the stay is. [source]](https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant)\n\n###### About the factsheet\n\n\nThis factsheet is jointly produced by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM\nwith the aim to support evidence-based decision-making and\nadvocacy on issues related to refugee and migrant children.\n\nThe document provides an overview of the situation in Europe with\nregards to migrant and refugee children (accompanied and UASC).\nIt compiles key child-related data based on available official\nsources: arrival, asylum applications, asylum decisions, profiling\nof arrivals, relocation from first arrival countries under the EU\nrelocation scheme, as well as returns from Greece to T\u00fcrkiye under\nthe EU-T\u00fcrkiye statement.\n\nThe present factsheet covers the period January to December\n2023, which provide up-to-date information on migrant and\nrefugee children, including unaccompanied and separated children,\nwho arrived via mixed Mediterranean and Western African Atlantic\nroutes in Europe.\n\n\n###### Limitation of available data on children and UASC:\n\nThere is no comprehensive data on arrivals (both adults and\nchildren) in Europe, especially by land and air, as such movements\nare largely irregular and involve smuggling networks, which are\ndifficult to track. If collected, data is rarely disaggregated by\nnationality, gender or age. Reliable data on the number of UASC\neither arriving or currently residing in different European countries\nis often unavailable. The number of asylum applications filed\nby UASC is used to provide an indication of trends but does not\nnecessarily provide an accurate picture of the caseload due\nto backlogs in national asylum systems, onward secondary\nmovements or children not applying for asylum at all. In addition,\ndue to different definitions and national procedures and practices,\ncollecting accurate data on separated children specifically is very\nchallenging (e.g. separated children being registered as either\naccompanied or unaccompanied). Specifically for the European\nUnion context, Eurostat data on asylum applications and decisions\non children and UASC have been downloaded on 15 May 2024,\nand may be subject to consolidation.\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1. Age, gender and nationality fully disaggregated data on children arriving in Spain in 2023 is\nnot available.\n\n2. Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements. The data reflects both\nsea and land arrivals in Greece, land arrivals in Bulgaria, and sea arrivals in Cyprus, Italy, Malta\nand Spain.\n\n3. Please check the Definition of unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n4. Arrival figures for Greece are collected in the framework of UNHCR\u2019s border activities and\nNational Coordination Centre for Border Control, Immigration and Asylum (ESKESMA).\n\n5. Data for Spain is based on the Ministry of Interior\u2019s statistics and UNHCR\u2019s estimates.\n\n6. Data on sea arrivals to Italy is based on information received from the Italian Ministry of\nInterior.\n\n7. Statistics for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on data\nand trends that are not typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the\nBulgarian Helsinki Committee.\n\n8. Estimate on data provided by the Immigration Police and the Ministry for Home Affairs,\nNational Security and Law Enforcement (MHSE), Malta. UASC figures are based on age\ndeclared by the refugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all persons who make such a\ndeclaration are recognized to be UASC by the authorities after the age assessment is\ncompleted.\n\n9. See Footnote 1.\n\n10. See Footnote 1.\n\n11. See Footnote 1.\n\n12. References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security\nCouncil resolution 1244 (1999).\n\n13. Adolescents between 14 and 17 years old were addressed by enumerators in Italy and Greece\nonly after having obtained written consent from the parent or legal guardian. In Spain, only\nadults of 18 years old or more were approached to participate. IOM staff in the field follows\nrelevant child protection safeguards when engaging with adolescents and has referral\nmechanism in place to provide further information and support when needed.\n\n14. While these questions are not meant to identify potential victims of trafficking or abuse and\nexploitation, they provide indications about recurrent instances and risks to which migrants\nare exposed during their journeys. For more information, please check the Methodology\nsection of the IOM\u2019s Report Migrants Travelling to Europe by land and by sea. Journeys,\nVulnerabilities and Needs of migrants arriving in Greece, Italy, and Spain in 2023.\n\n15. Findings in this section are based on the interviews held in Greece, Albania, Bosnia and\nHerzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo [1244 (1999)], as well as NorthEast Italy, covering individuals entering Italy by land via the Western Balkans.\n\n16. European Union 27 Member States, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.\n\n\nDisclaimer\n\nThe opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the\nviews of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF).\n\nMaps in this file are for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown and the\ndesignations used do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "factsheet", - "confidence": 0.7191176414489746, - "start": 419, - "end": 420 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8510296940803528, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.931416928768158, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and migrant children", - "confidence": 0.7240266799926758, - "start": 444, - "end": 448 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.9017152190208435, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Spain", - "confidence": 0.668323278427124, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9127398133277893, - "start": 783, - "end": 784 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics for Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.6965852975845337, - "start": 919, - "end": 922 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Observations on data\nand trends", - "confidence": 0.8712552785873413, - "start": 931, - "end": 936 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Bulgarian Helsinki Committee", - "confidence": 0.6996153593063354, - "start": 948, - "end": 951 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bulgaria", - "confidence": 0.8538261651992798, - "start": 921, - "end": 922 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8145695328712463, - "start": 989, - "end": 992 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC figures", - "confidence": 0.6218592524528503, - "start": 980, - "end": 982 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Malta", - "confidence": 0.5089066028594971, - "start": 978, - "end": 979 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7660270929336548, - "start": 989, - "end": 992 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.8185240626335144, - "start": 1224, - "end": 1225 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "authors", - "confidence": 0.579143762588501, - "start": 1295, - "end": 1296 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8373098373413086, - "start": 1212, - "end": 1213 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.5957587361335754, - "start": 1202, - "end": 1203 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ef6c2f08-eafb-4063-b4a6-db9f1a30d10c/UNHCR_UNICEF_IOM_Migrant%20and%20Refugee%20Children%20Europe_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_726/raw/doc_726_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_726/raw/doc_726_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 45bcf0e8a46ae5ff883774714f1abe344c05ac87..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_726/raw/doc_726_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,285 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Country Summary as at 30 June 2023**\n##### (Update of Summary as at 30 June 2020)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS**\n\n\n(as of 30 June 2023)\n\n### **1. Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, Uganda implemented the third [National Development Plan (NDP III) 2020/2021 \u2013](https://www.health.go.ug/cause/third-national-development-plan-ndpiii-2020-21-2024-25/)\n[2024/2025, aimed at contributing to the realization of Uganda\u2019s Vision 2040. NDP III includes a commitment](https://www.health.go.ug/cause/third-national-development-plan-ndpiii-2020-21-2024-25/)\nto increase access to social protection and mentions the need to support refugee hosting communities, but\nrefugees are not explicitly mentioned. Additionally, there have been policy changes allowing for incremental\nimprovements in the scope and coverage of social protection legislation. Although there are still limitations\nin adequacy of benefits, the population coverage for the Senior Citizen Grant for people at the age of 80\nyears and above has been expanded from a limited number of pilot districts to national coverage.\n\n\n[In January 2022, the National Social Security Fund (Amendment) Act, 2022 - ULII was amended, lifting the](https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/2022/1/eng@2022-01-07)\nprevious restriction of membership to people working in the formal sector. While membership remains\ncompulsory for those employed in the formal sector, the amendment provides for any person, including\nself-employed persons, to register and make voluntary contributions to the fund. The amendment also\nrequires all employers, regardless of the number of employees, to register with the National Security Social\nFund (NSSF). In terms of implementation, the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD)\nendorsed the National Social Protection Strategy (2022) and is currently developing a National Strategy\n[for Coverage Extension to the Informal Sector, which is expected to be completed by end of 2023. The](https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/ShowCountryProfile.action?iso=UG)\nJobs and Livelihoods Integrated Response Plan for Refugees and Host communities (JLIRP) (2020/2021 \u2013\n2024/2025) also provides for the creation of a road map for the development of a national, shock-responsive\nsocial [protection systems, which will help reduce the impact of economic shocks to households.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/86601)\n\n[Uganda also revised and adopted the Inter-Governmental Fiscal Transfer Reform Program (2021) with the](https://budget.finance.go.ug/sites/default/files/IGFTR programme document.pdf)\nmain goal of deepening decentralization and citizen participation in local development and improving\nthe local service delivery. Its implementation is ongoing with support from development projects such\n[as the Uganda Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer Program (UGIFT) and the Uganda Support to Municipal](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/485741468308649650/uganda-support-to-municipal-infrastructure-development-usmid-program-as-a-program-for-results-pforr-operation-technical-assessment-report#:~:text=The%20Uganda%20Support%20to%20Municipal,the%20first%20LG%20Development%20Program%20()\n[Infrastructure Development Program (USMID) financed by the World Bank.](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/485741468308649650/uganda-support-to-municipal-infrastructure-development-usmid-program-as-a-program-for-results-pforr-operation-technical-assessment-report#:~:text=The%20Uganda%20Support%20to%20Municipal,the%20first%20LG%20Development%20Program%20()\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, over 18 million seedlings were planted with the National Forestry Authority and\nUNHCR support to replenish vegetation cover, including woodlots, household tree planting, and Central\nForest Reserves restoration near refugee settlements.\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThe applicable national policies that help in identifying, preventing, and mitigating potential social tension\nand risks of violence in refugee-hosting areas have remain unchanged during the reporting period. There\nis active presence of local government and law enforcement organs at the settlement level as well as\na refugee governance model that supports community-based protection and peaceful coexistence\nbetween refugee and hosts. For instance, the Refugee Welfare Committees (RWCs) for the former, and the\nLocal Council structures for the latter. The interplay between these two community and local governance\nsystems, coupled with the effective oversight role played by the Office of the Prime Minister-Department of\nRefugees (OPM-DR) settlement administration structures ensures that conflict between refugees and hosts\nare relatively uncommon. The security gaps observed during the reporting period are partly situational\nand partly systemic: the occasional failure of early warning measures intended to identify potential conflict\nflashpoints are situational, while flawed or inconsistent police investigative approaches at the precinct level\nis systemic and generally evenly spread among host and refugee communities.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host Communities\n\n\nIn practice, the social cohesion between refugees and host communities has remained consistent during the\nreporting period. While refugee and host communities in Uganda typically coexist peacefully, and interact\non a regular basis, there are a few cases where subdued tensions have escalated. These tensions can be\nattributed to various factors, some of which have lingered from the previous reporting period, including\ncompetition for natural resources, land disputes, destruction of crops by animals belonging to the host or\nrefugee communities and/or perceived inequities in access to livelihood supports and relief aid.\n\n\nIn June 2019, the Government of Uganda (GOU) approved the Uganda National Transitional Justice\nPolicy, demonstrating a commitment to address the country\u2019s legacy of conflict and conflict-related peace,\njustice, reconciliation, accountability, and social reintegration concerns. The policy raises the profile of\ntransitional justice as a national issue that is critical to not only sustain peace but also to promote sustainable\ndevelopment, requiring the participation of a range of development actors. This policy does not mention\nrefugees and host communities per se but refers to refugees in the climate change section in the context of\nreturn and reintegration of former IDPs and refugee communities.\n\n\nThe informal and formal mechanisms in place that promote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities,\nand citizen engagement within the host and refugee communities have continued to function in the reporting\nperiod. The most relevant mechanisms within the host community are the local councils, which have social\ncohesion and dispute resolution responsibilities within their area of authority. The refugee welfare committees\nare the equivalent structures in the refugee community. As a matter of practice, local governments and the\nOffice of the Prime Minister (OPM) facilitate interventions to promote peaceful coexistence and address any\ntensions arising between refugees and host communities. OPM facilitates regular engagement between\nlocal councils and refugee welfare committees. As part of the National Conflict Early Warning Mechanism,\npeace committees have been established in some refugee-hosting districts. These have strong potential to\naddress conflict between refugees and host communities more comprehensively but policies to that end,\nbringing together both refugee and host community representatives, have not yet been established.\n\n\nThe policy frameworks to safeguard the equality of all persons before the law and their entitlement to the\nprotection of the law without any discrimination have remained unchanged in this period. In practice, refugees\nand asylum-seekers as well as nationals sometimes report incidents of discrimination that are routinely\nresolved through the existing administrative and judicial systems where the effects of the discrimination are\ndeemed significant.\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\nThe NDP III highlighted that the refugee influx had exacerbated the issues of environmental degradation\nand that all refugee response interventions should integrate environmental management. To date, all\ndevelopment projects in the refugee response have undergone environmental screening in accordance\nwith the national environmental laws to ascertain their positive or negative impact on the environment.\n\n\nUganda\u2019s energy conservation strategy is guided by the National Energy Policy (2002) and the Renewable\nEnergy Policy (2007). The latter policy pursues commitments in the National Energy Policy to develop\nthe use of renewable energy resources in Uganda. The GOU overarching policy vision for renewable\nenergy is to establish renewable energy as a substantive component of the national energy\nconsumption profile, where modern renewable energy is understood to mean renewable energy\nresources that are transformed into modern energy services like electricity.\n\n\nFollowing the Global Refugee Forum (GRF) 2019, GOU committed, among other pledges, to promote inclusive\n[and sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems through the development of the Water](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/75623)\n[and Environment Sector Response Plan (WESRP) 2019 \u2013 2022 and the Sustainable Energy Response Plan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/75623)\n[(SERP) 2022 \u2013 2025](https://www.fao.org/forestry/energy/catalogue/search/detail/en/c/1604040/) which provide the strategy for interventions in the environment and energy sector. The\nSERP specifically seeks to ensure universal and sustainable access to affordable, reliable and clean energy\nfor refugees and host communities.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThe Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) also developed\nthe revised Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) in 2022 that specifies adaptation and mitigation\nambitions as a country to address climate change in line with the Paris Agreement and includes\nconsideration for refugees and hosting areas. Development partners have funded multi-year projects\nwithin the refugee hosting areas.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\nOver the period under review, the Government did not make policy shifts towards preparedness actions\nfor large population inflows. However, available refugee response arrangements have been applied in\nsituations of mass influx. The [Refugee Act 2006 and the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) [Refugees Regulations, 2010 provide an overarching](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nframework for all preparedness actions for the inflow of large populations seeking asylum. In addition, the\nSettlement Transformation Agenda (STA), Refugee Contingency Plans, the Country Refugee Response Plan,\nand the accompanying sector plans guide the government preparedness actions to any anticipated refugee\ninflows. The 2018-2020 GCR/CRRF National Plan of Action expired during the reporting period and is under\nreview.\n\n### **2. Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nUganda\u2019s refugee protection regime continued to be defined by the national refugee laws, international\nrefugee conventions, and confluence of refugee response guidance or approaches. The [Refugee Act](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=4b7baba52&skip=0&query=Refugee%20Act%202006%20&coi=UGA)\n[2006 and the](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=4b7baba52&skip=0&query=Refugee%20Act%202006%20&coi=UGA) [Refugees Regulations 2010](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) constitute the national legal framework. However, a draft refugee\npolicy is under review but the timeframe for its finalization remains unclear. Nevertheless, the national legal\nframework for refugee protection has remained consistent with the international refugee rights dispensations\nand the state of the asylum system is sufficiently normative for most asylum cases.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act and Regulations, National Development Plans III (NDP-III), and the GCR/CRFF National\nAction Plan have been disseminated publicly in Uganda. Nevertheless, during the reporting period, UNHCR\nobserved some gaps in the awareness among refugees, authorities, and host communities about applicable\nrefugee right and protections. To address this, OPM and UNHCR enhanced trainings of local authorities,\nhost communities and other stakeholders on refugee protection and domestic laws governing refugees.\nOPM and UNHCR have also been actively advocating for the inclusion of refugee law into government\ntraining programmes, notably through the national police and immigration training academies. Currently,\nsensitisation on refugee law and policy has been introduced in trainings for the Uganda People\u2019s Defence\nForce (UPDF). The latest lecture by UNHCR on international protection and legal framework took place on\n28 April 2023 at the army\u2019s National Senior Command School in Jinja. The training was attended by Senior\nmilitary officials from Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and other countries from the Region.\n\n\nThe policy framework regarding refugee status determination (RSD) remains unchanged. The RSD framework\ngives the Refugee Eligibility Committee (REC) responsibility for determining refugee status at first instance.\nREC adjudicates asylum applications based on RSD interviews conducted by OPM RSD Officers or by its\nown staff. Asylum-seekers from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have continued\nto be recognized as refugee through a prima facie approach; while those from other countries of origin and\nfrom DRC who enter the country via ungazetted border points have been undergoing individual RSD by\nREC. However, the Government of Uganda suspended registration for new arrivals from Somalia in March\n2023, in response to a sudden influx of Somali asylum-seekers suspected to be Kenyan nationals based\non documentation presented at the border. The government plans a meeting with UNHCR in November to\ndiscuss the findings and preparations for reopening of the registration.\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThe Government of Uganda continues to dedicate limited resources to asylum case-processing. State-led\nRSD procedures in Uganda have continued to be financially dependent upon UNHCR funding. Adjudication\nof asylum claims should take a maximum of 90 days according to the law; however, delays and RSD backlogs\narise due to continued large influxes of asylum-seekers coupled with procedures which are sub-optimal in\nterms of efficiency: a significant proportion of the funding continued to be spent on seating allowances for\nthe members of the eligibility committee. The quality of the procedures was enhanced with the recruitment\nby the Government of a senior protection officer in 2022 but significant challenges have remained,\nincluding the insufficient number of RSD case workers and interviewing rooms. During the waiting period,\nasylum-seekers face some restrictions in terms of their enjoyment of rights (e.g., right to work, and access to\nsome services, including loans and SIM cards among others and access to Convention Travel Documents)\ncompared to recognized refugees.\n\n\nIn May 2023, the Parliament of Uganda passed the [Anti Homosexuality Act 2023](https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/The Anti-Homosexuality Act%2C 2023.pdf) into a law. This Act\ncriminalizes sexual acts between adults of the same sex, including consensual acts, and prescribes life\nimprisonment upon conviction. The law is a legislative evolution from the statutory prohibition of same-sex\nsexual relations under the label \u201cunnatural offences\u201d in Section 145 of the Penal Code Act, which similarly\nimposes life imprisonment. Notably, the Anti Homosexuality Act does not systematically target asylumseekers or refugees. So far, no asylum seeker or refugee has reported any threats, harassment or other\nincidents from law enforcement and other authorities. UNHCR has sensitized asylum-seekers and refugees\non the implications of the new law and on the prevailing situation to mitigate potential risks of rights violations\nagainst them. UNHCR and partners continue to provide services and protection to LGBTIQ+ refugees and\nasylum-seekers and have so far not experienced any constraints in doing so.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe policy frameworks regarding security of legal status of refugees in Uganda have remained unchanged\nduring the period. No refugees experienced unlawful termination of refugee status during the reporting\nperiod. In the first half of 2023, the Government reopened the registration of asylum-seekers from Pakistan\nwhich had been put on hold since 2017. Asylum-seekers with claims relating to their sexual orientation\nhave experienced difficulties in accessing the national asylum procedures but have not been subjected to\nrefoulement. Additionally, since March 2023, new asylum-seekers from Somalia have also been unable to\nregister their asylum applications. However, UNHCR is not aware of any cases of refoulement during the\nperiod under review. In 2020, borders were temporarily closed to refugees and asylum asylum-seekers as\none of the COVID-19 preventive measures but was reopened officially in December 2021.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nIn the prescribed period, Uganda has continued to be a model for the implementation of the Global Compact\non Refugees (GCR) through the government-led Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF).\nThis structure is spearheaded by the Office of the Prime Minister \u2013 Department of Refugees (OPM-DR) and\nthe Ministry of Local Government (MoLG), supported by UNHCR, and guided by the participation of a wide\nrange of stakeholders (including donors, humanitarian and development partners, private sector, and refugee\nleadership). Pledges made by Uganda at the Global Refugee Forum (GRF) in 2019 emphasize a multistakeholder approach to refugee management and there has been significant progress against these pledges.\n\n\nThere is a need for a significant increase in international responsibility-sharing to supplement existing\ngovernment and partner commitments to safeguard the success of the model. The existing commitments,\ntogether with the pledges made by the GOU at the GRF, are intended to achieve the goals of the GCR and\nits CRRF. These goals are included within the framework of the National Development Plan III (2020/21\n\n - 2024/25), which provides for inclusion of refugees in the statistics that guides development planning,\nbudgeting, and implementation of public service programs.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\n[The Uganda Country Refugee Response Plan (UCRRP) provides a framework covering the period 2022-](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92447)\n2025 and detailed planning for 2022-2023. It is a joint plan between the Office of the Prime Minister,\nUNHCR and UN organizations, international and national partners.\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, the GOU and the CRRF Secretariat developed the five-sector specific refugee\nand host community response plans that were considered to be consultative processes involving different\nstakeholders to be brought together around a common direction. The processes demonstrated government\nengagement and ownership, further building on the progressive policy environment that was already in\nplace. Having line ministries, whose involvement in the refugee response prior to the CRRF was limited,\ntaking the lead on the development of the Sector Response Plans (SRPs), was considered a success. The\nfive SRPs need to systemically cascade to the districts and form part of the district development plans.\n\n\nNotably, the Uganda operation being a blend of protracted refugee caseloads and emergencies calls\nfor building capacity and enhancement of local responders which is critical and ideal for sustainable\npreparedness. Therefore, the SRPs created entry points for development donors to invest in the refugee\nresponse. Support of development partners is also coordinated within a dedicated CRRF DPG. Many of\nthese partners pledged support to CRRF implementation in Uganda at the GRF (2019).\n\n\nWith a view on CRRF coordination at district level, there have been significant advancements: A Memorandum\nof Understanding (MoU) was signed between OPM, MoLG, and UNHCR in June 2020, laying out the\nprinciples for strengthened coordination of the refugee response in Refugee Hosting District (RHDs) through\nconvening regular inclusive coordination meetings with all relevant partners both at the central and subnational levels as per guidance issued by the CRRF Steering Group. In 2022, the District Engagement Forum\n(DEF) was created to mirror the Refugee Engagement Forum (REF) to ensure district participation in national\nCRRF decision-making and enhance implementation at district level.\n\n\nWhile there is some government engagement in SRPs, there is variable engagement from the relevant line\nministries. In particular, there is concern about low capacity and a lack of financial and human resources\nprovided by the relevant line ministries for the coordination and implementation of the SRPs. The level of\nattendance at the CRRF Steering Group that is meant to support this higher-level coordination has diminished\nmaking strategic decisions more challenging to move forward.\n\n\nPrior to the adoption of the CRRF, the refugee response was led by OPM-DR and UNHCR, with little to no\nsignificant engagement by Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and development partners. While\nthe inclusion of those actors in the refugee response can be seen as a key achievement, there has also\nbeen a lack of clarity of mandates of different line ministries and the mandate of OPM-DR, with regard to\nthe refugee response. There have also been discussions around the roles and responsibilities of the CRRF\nSecretariat and OPM-DR. For these ministries to further contribute to the CRRF, their roles will need to be\nmore clearly defined, as well as the resources needed for their involvement.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\nThe Refugee Act and Regulations provide for asylum-seeker and refugee entitlement to identity\ndocuments. Refugees are also entitled to travel documents referred to as a Convention Travel\nDocuments (CTD). During registration, refugee households are issued a \u201cRefugee Family\nAttestation\u201d that is valid for three years, while each member of the household, 16 years and over, is\nissued a \u201cRefugee Identity Card\u201d by OPM/DRS which is valid for five years. Asylum-seeker households, on\nthe other hand, are issued \u201cAsylum-seeker Certificates\u201d that are valid for three months.\n\n\nAs of June 2023, 85 per cent of refugees of 16 years and above had refugee IDs (+41 per cent from the June\n2020 baseline period) issued by OPM/DRS. Law enforcement authorities at national/sub-national level\nrecognize refugee ID cards and Refugee Family Attestation. Recognition of refugee ID cards by national/\nsub-national authorities or private sector institutions responsible for socioeconomic services depends in\npractice on the sector. Issuance of national ID cards for refugees by the competent authority for identity\nmanagement, the National Identification Registration Agency on par with nationals could in the future\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protracted refugee caseloads", - "confidence": 0.9677102565765381, - "start": 183, - "end": 186 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9320326447486877, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nreduce this gap. During the reporting period, the Immigration Department has continued to issue\nConvention Travel Documents (CTDs) to recognized refugees, upon recommendations of OPM, that are in\nline with the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Additionally, the CTDs are\nalso issued to refugees for the purpose of obtaining work permits issued by the Directorate of\nCitizenship and Immigration Control (DCIC). All CTDs are issued at a cost similar to the fee payable by\nnationals for the issuance of their national passports.\n\n\nAccording to article 18 of the Constitution of Uganda, the State has the obligation to register every birth,\n[marriage and death occurring in Uganda. However, in stark contrast to the Constitution, the Registration](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dsearch%26docid%3D5ebd0a2a4%26skip%3D0%26query%3Dregistration%2520of%2520persons%2520act%2520(2015)%26coi%3DUGA&data=05%7C02%7Chamon%40unhcr.org%7Cccd5c94a7e3b418e56fd08dc014cb52d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386676157333620%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IaxfI2DVK1yOgQHZ%2B%2FoQhohb%2Bs4uUtMd28DY%2BujP5hE%3D&reserved=0)\n[of Persons (Births and Deaths) Act, 2015 (RPA), the primary law that governs the registration of births and](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dsearch%26docid%3D5ebd0a2a4%26skip%3D0%26query%3Dregistration%2520of%2520persons%2520act%2520(2015)%26coi%3DUGA&data=05%7C02%7Chamon%40unhcr.org%7Cccd5c94a7e3b418e56fd08dc014cb52d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386676157333620%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IaxfI2DVK1yOgQHZ%2B%2FoQhohb%2Bs4uUtMd28DY%2BujP5hE%3D&reserved=0)\ndeaths in Uganda, under article 1(2) (b), states that the Act applies to the registration of all persons except to\na refugee recognized by the Government and the UNHCR. Nevertheless, [the Registration of Persons (Birth](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nira.go.ug%2Fmedia%2F2022%2F08%2FBirths-and-Deaths-Reg-20158.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Chamon%40unhcr.org%7Cccd5c94a7e3b418e56fd08dc014cb52d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386676157333620%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=iUrsaPuQNjxFft2C0NO5aaunAdRpIs3Xpa3Q5Mo7DAg%3D&reserved=0)\n[and Deaths) Regulation, 2015, under article 5(2) and 16 (3), provides that the registration of every birth and](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nira.go.ug%2Fmedia%2F2022%2F08%2FBirths-and-Deaths-Reg-20158.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Chamon%40unhcr.org%7Cccd5c94a7e3b418e56fd08dc014cb52d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386676157333620%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=iUrsaPuQNjxFft2C0NO5aaunAdRpIs3Xpa3Q5Mo7DAg%3D&reserved=0)\ndeath is free and compulsory. Furthermore, article 3(8) of the Regulation seems to permit the registration of\nvital events of refugees. In practice, refugees\u2019 vital events are recognized and recorded in the same manner\nas nationals. The National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA), that is mandated to register birth\nand deaths in Uganda, also registers the vital event of refugees. The Registration of marriages is addressed\nunder other laws and policies, notably under [the Marriage Act.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fursb.go.ug%2Fstorage%2Fpublications%2Fdownloads%2Fthe-marriage-act-cap-251-1643020365.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Chamon%40unhcr.org%7Cccd5c94a7e3b418e56fd08dc014cb52d%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638386676157333620%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pjnZexqiC%2BgWxbLpt2pAil8AH4xGMEcdHYumk3%2BtOhY%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\nWhile the government recognized the need to provide additional services and logistical support to remote\nlocations, including in refugee-hosting areas, the limited resources and capacity of NIRA have led to\nsignificant delays in the issuance of birth certificates for refugees and hosts. To improve the timeliness\nof future birth registration services, the Government is working to establish links between the medical\ndatabases of hospitals registering births and the national NIRA database system. Uganda is also developing\na Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) strategy with a view to providing guidelines for the delivery\nof civil registration services and the production of vital statistics, including for refugees. It is noted that\nlimited birth registration and certification for refugees, including adults born in Uganda, places them at risk\nof statelessness.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and security**\n\n\nRefugees are entitled to the same rights as nationals regarding access to justice, including access to legal\nassistance under applicable laws in Uganda, in line with the Refugees Act and its Regulations. The level of\nsecurity enjoyed by refugees has been comparable to that enjoyed by nationals in the same areas in the\nreporting period.\n\n\nIn practice access to law enforcement and justice, including state-provided legal aid, has remained limited\nfor both refugees and host communities. Challenges are, inter alia, related to costs, physical distance, and\nlimited legal representation. Consequently, most refugees and host communities, resort to informal justice\nmechanisms and local council courts to settle disputes. The judiciary has also adopted a Case Backlog\nReduction Strategy to address delays in the dispensation of justice and deployed judicial staffing and mobile\ncourts to refugee-hosting areas with support from UNHCR, but challenges remain.\n\n\nVarious policies continue to be in place to prevent and deter gender-based violence (GBV), which apply\nacross the country and are inclusive of refugees. These include the Penal Code Act, the [Domestic Violence](https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/es/countries/africa/uganda/2010/domestic-violence-act-2010)\n[Act (2010), the Female Genital Mutilation Act (2010)](https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/es/countries/africa/uganda/2010/domestic-violence-act-2010) [and the Elimination of Gender Based Violence Policy](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/92617)\n[(2016). Despite the strong normative and policy framework, which is non-discriminatory and takes deliberate](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/92617)\nsteps to include refugees in government GBV responses, including regulations, guidelines, protocols and\neven district-level laws and orders, actual implementation of the laws and policies has been challenging\nowing to financial and institutional gaps in the national judicial and social services. Although refugeehosting communities face similar challenges in Uganda, GBV disproportionally affects refugees. GBV i s\nalso significantly underreported owing to a combination of a culture of silence within the communities and\ninadequate services to respond to reported cases. Due to a lack of livelihood opportunities, some women\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "medical\ndatabases of hospitals", - "confidence": 0.5100315809249878, - "start": 415, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.778484046459198, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7037511467933655, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vital statistics", - "confidence": 0.9730216264724731, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9339975118637085, - "start": 482, - "end": 483 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9633329510688782, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nand girls engage in survival sex as a coping mechanism, exposing them to sexual violence, exploitation,\nand trafficking. It is worth noting that there was a significant increase in GBV cases during the COVID-19\npandemic and lockdown; women and children were affected disproportionally.\n\n### **3. Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nSection 30(1) of the Refugee Act continues to establish the legal foundation for recognized refugees to enjoy\nfreedom of movement in Uganda. Nonetheless, Section 30(2) of the same law outlines that this freedom is\nsubject to reasonable restrictions as specified in Ugandan laws or directions issued by the Commissioner,\napplicable to aliens generally in similar circumstances. However, the refugee legal framework does not\nprovide refugees with an explicit right to choose their place of residence\n\n\nIn practice, refugees and asylum-seekers continue to effectively enjoy freedom of movement and choose\ntheir place of residence in Uganda. They can opt to reside in a refugee settlement or elsewhere, but refugees\nwho choose to reside outside of the refugee settlements forfeit access to regular humanitarian\nassistance programmes. Formally, only 9 per cent (+3 per cent of the 30 June 2020) of the refugee\npopulation is registered in Kampala rather than in refugee settlements.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\nThe legal framework regarding the recognized refugee\u2019s right to work remains unchanged. According to\nSection 29(1) e) of the Refugee Act and Article 64 of the Refugees Regulations, recognized refugees holding\nidentity cards remain entitled to the most favourable treatment accorded to foreign residents in similar\ncircumstances; except that they are exempt from any requirement to pay fee to obtain a work permit prior to\ntaking up any offer of work or continuing their employment. Specifically, this includes (i) the right to engage\nin agriculture, industry, handicrafts, and commerce, and establish commercial and industrial companies in\ncompliance with Uganda\u2019s laws and regulations, (ii) to have access to employment opportunities and engage\nin gainful employment, and (iii) to practice a profession if they hold qualifications recognized by competent\nauthorities in Uganda. This latter implies that refugees are required to equate their professional documents\nand diploma to Ugandan standards before obtaining authorization to practice their profession. However, the\nRefugee Act and Regulations do not explicitly entitle asylum-seekers to work. In practice, asylum-seekers\nhave continued to engage informally in gainful employment in the reporting period.\n\n\nIt is noted that the [Citizenship and Immigration Control Act](https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/1999/3/eng%402015-03-26) and related statutory instruments require\nforeigners to obtain work permits, which are issued as passport endorsements by the Directorate of\nCitizenship and Immigration Control (DCIC). This also applies to refugees with the difference as per Article 64\nof the Regulations that they are exempt from paying a fee under Uganda Statutory Instruments\nSupplement No. 5 dated 5 February 2016. The work permit issued is not linked to a specific\nemployment and does not appear to have an expiration validity. There are different interpretations as to\nthe validity of the work permits (between 1 to 3 years as per Immigration and indefinite according to\nrefugee lawyers). The DCIC has not accepted the refugee ID cards in lieu of a passport. In general, work\npermits of recognized refugees continue to be stamped on refugee Convention Travel Documents (CTDs)\ndespite advocacy made by OPM against such a practice. This limits access to employment for refugees\nwho do not hold CTDs, which are themselves not easily acquired by refugees due to the application fees\nfor a CTD (220,000 UGX equivalent to USD 62) and relatively long process. No data is available on the\nnumber of refugees formally engaged in gainfully employment and no data is available on the number of\nwork permit issued to refugees by DCIC for the reporting period.\n\n\nRefugees with a valid labor contract are in principle eligible for enrollment in the National Social Security\nFund (NSSF). However, in 2021, there was a temporary suspension of NSSF number issuance to refugees due\nto data synchronization challenges. Since then, the issue has since been resolved, and refugees can now\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nregister for NSSF using their refugee registration number and contact information. The effective inclusion of\nrefugees into the national (digital) identity management system under the NIRA and their issuance of national\n(single) identifier numbers as well as the ID credentials issued by NIRA could be a way to facilitate access\nto gainful employment and enhance the right to work and conditions at work in Uganda. Similarly, it would\nmake it much easier for refugees to access the different public contributory social protection programmes\nin an effective way.\n\n\n[The Employment Act has continued to provide refugees with the same worker protections as nationals.](https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1820/Employment Act.pdf)\nThe Act outlines specific workplace protections, including equal remuneration for work of equal value,\na prohibition on the dismissal of pregnant women and a prohibition on discrimination on many grounds,\namong others.\n\n\nEven if refugees in practice could operate businesses in their own names, some refugees continue to face\nmultiple challenges including lack of access to official information about businesses registration, accessibility\nto local government offices and costs for formalizing a business and limited funding opportunities for\nbusiness in the settlements.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing, and property rights**\n\n\nThe legal framework governing property rights of refugees has remained unchanged during the reporting\nperiod. In practice, OPM has continued to freely provide refugees living in settlements with plots of land\nfor agricultural use, without discrimination and for the full period of their asylum in Uganda. The Settlement\nTransformation Agenda (STA) specifically calls for investments to increase productivity and diversify\neconomic opportunities in refugee settlements, and to address environmental pressures. As the refugee\npopulation continues to grow, there are general concerns of the sustainability of this land allocation policy\nin the longer-term. The Government of Uganda, through the office of the Prime Minister, launched STA II in\nApril 2023. While it is costed, it is not yet funded.\n\n\nThe host community is just as much in need of land, most particularly in the West Nile region. Also, many\nrefugees are still unaware of their rights and the rules concerning land ownership, with some purchasing\nland in informal and often illegal ways.\n\n\nThe Refugee Act 2006 and Regulations have continued to entitle refugees the same treatment as foreign\nnationals regarding movable and immovable property in the reporting period. Refugees are able to possess\nland on leasehold for a duration of not more than 99 years in the same manner as foreigners. Refugees\n[can also access the Tax Identification Number (TIN) which is part of the requirements to access property. In](https://ura.go.ug/resources/webuploads/INLB/TIN REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS GUIDE FOR CLIENTS -ENGLISH_compressed.pdf)\npractice, however, very few refugees have formal agreements or documentation to secure their access to\nhousing.\n\n\nRegarding access to social/public housing programs, the policy framework has remained unchanged. In\npractice, there are no reports of refugees accessing public/social housing programs during the period.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees have continued to be entitled to open bank accounts using the refugee ID card, in line the [2004](https://businesslicences.go.ug/kcfinder/upload/files/financial institutional Act 2004.pdf)\n[Financial Institutions Act](https://businesslicences.go.ug/kcfinder/upload/files/financial institutional Act 2004.pdf) and the [2015 Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. However, asylum seekers](https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/si/2015/75/eng@2022-02-11#:~:text=(1)Every%20accountable%20person%20who,Form%203%20in%20the%20Schedule.)\nhave challenges opening bank accounts and accessing loans due to the validity of their documents and\nthe nature of their status.\n\n\nIn practice the challenges observed in the Baseline period have persisted in the period under review. Some\nbanks do not lend to refugees even when they meet the requirements, citing reasons of refugee mobility.\nRefugees can take out loans from formal financial institutions, but they often are not able to provide the\nrequired guarantees. Furthermore, many financial service providers have required contact addresses or\na letter of introduction from a local leader, which can often be difficult for refugees to provide. As such,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n### **4. Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\nThe Refugee Act 2006 and Regulations have continued to provide the legal framework regarding refugees\u2019\naccess to education in the prescribed period. The [second Education Response Plan for Refugees and](https://www.education.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ERP-II-_Final-Printed-Version_24052023.pdf)\n[Host Communities (ERP II)](https://www.education.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ERP-II-_Final-Printed-Version_24052023.pdf) covering the period 2021/22\u20132024/25, which replaced the ERP (2018-2021), is\na comprehensive Plan that aims at mobilizing resources and coordinating efforts that cater for the education\nof refugees and host communities in Uganda. ERP II is anchored in a firm policy framework, annexed to the\nEducation and Sports Strategic Plan (ESSP) FY 2020/21\u20132024/25, tethered to the Sustainable Development\n[Goals (SDGs), the African Union Agenda 2063, and the National Development Plan III (2020/21 - 2024/25)](https://au.int/Agenda2063/popular_version)\namong other frameworks. It was developed based on the challenges and lessons learned from ERP I.\n\n\nThe ERP II theory of change articulates how improvement of learning outcomes and skills for crisis affected\nand host community children and adolescents will be achieved through improving equitable access and\nretention: delivery of the quality of education and training and strengthening systems for effective and\nresilient service delivery. The ERP II also provides for refugee access to specialized services including\naccelerated education programmes, vocational and life skills training, psychosocial support, and referrals.\nThe ERP II aims to reach an average of 674,895 beneficiaries per year over the period of 3.5 years at a cost\nof $450 million. The Plan will be implemented in the 37 sub counties in the 12 refugee-hosting districts, and\nin Kampala. The implementation of the ERP is overseen by a multi-stakeholder steering committee led by\nMinistry of Education and Sports (MoES) and supported by a Secretariat within MoES that receives financial\nand technical support from UNHCR.\n\n\nAnother important step toward inclusion of refugees into the national system is their integration into the\n\u201cnew\u201d Education Management Information System (EMIS) at the end of 2022. However, the EMIS is not fully\noperational yet. The system will be used by the MoES as the basis for the computation of capitation grants\nand national indicator tracking.\n\n\nFinally, in terms of sustainability and the transition of \u201ccommunity\u201d schools from the humanitarian sector\nto the government system, 36 per cent of the schools were \u201ccoded\u201d grant aided by the government. With\nmulti-year and development funding, the goal is to increase this percentage up to 50 per cent by 2025.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nOnce non-public community schools in refugee hosting districts are \u201ccoded\u201d by the MoES they can benefit\nfrom capitation grant and teacher deployment (6 teachers + 1 principal for each coded school). Although\nthis is not enough to cater to all education needs (some schools, given the number of learners, need 20+\nteachers), it is an important step toward the transition to full inclusion in the national education system.\n\n\nIn 2023, UNHCR remains the key donor covering salaries for 4,775 out of 7,212 teachers deployed (1,902\nare paid by the MoES, 468 by WB-UgFIT, and the remaining by ECHO and BPRM). In addition, it is important\nto note that following the latest education assessment an additional 1,988 teachers are needed to cover the\ncurrent gaps.\n\n\n**4.2** **Health care**\n\n\nIn line with the Constitution and the Refugees Act, refugees have continued to access health services under\nthe same terms as nationals. During the period under review, there have been infrastructure improvement\nefforts by the Ministry of Health and development partners to prepare health facilities for accreditation\nand registration/coding of more health facilities. Refugees have been included in the various Ministry of\nHealth Programs and projects. During the review period, refugees were included in the national surveys\n\u00e9\u00ea{\u00c7 x\u00e9 \u00e8\u00c7} Uganda HIV/AIDS Population-based impact assessment and Uganda Demographic and Health\nSurveys. In terms of services, there was a forty-six percent (46 \u00e3}\u00e7 {}\u00e2\u00e8 ) increase in access to life-saving\nhealth services at the refugee serving health facilities. During the same period, 15 health facilities were\ntransitioned to the Government through registration and coding, although the challenges of inadequate\nhealth workers in the transitioned health facilities remain \u2013 with UNHCR and other actors supplementing\nthe majority of staff.\n\n\nCurrently, 85 \u00e3}\u00e7 {}\u00e2\u00e8 of the qualifying refugee serving health facilities are coded by the Ministry of Health\n(MoH) financed by the World Bank support UGIFT project. Despite the coding of the health facilities, the\ngovernment resource inputs into the transitioned health facilities are not commensurate to the resource\nrequirements of these health facilities because of increased catchment populations. To date, the National\nhealth insurance scheme is not yet approved although there is high momentum to make it ready by cabinet\nand parliament.\n\n\nUpon the enactment of the Anti-Homosexuality Act (2023), the UN and many other members of the\ninternational community in Uganda have formally expressed concern about the new law to the Government\nas it violates international human rights obligations. Nevertheless, the Minister of Health issued a statement\nindicating that the authorities will continue to provide health services to LGBTIQ+ individuals without\ndiscrimination and will maintain confidentiality pursuant to the Professional Code of Conduct and Ethics\ngoverning medical practitioners.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\nThe overall social protection sector in Uganda remains relatively nascent, with extremely low levels of\nnational coverage and few programmes with the potential for refugee inclusion. Uganda\u2019s current spending\non social assistance is low by both international and regional standards.\n\n\nFrom a policy and legislative perspective, refugees have continued to be entitled to the right to social\nsecurity at the same level as nationals, subject to regulatory limitations under national laws, as per the\n[Refugee Act. However, the 2015 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) is intended to support vulnerable](https://nssfug.org/files/publications/The Uganda National Social Protection Policy.pdf)\n[and excluded \u201ccitizens\u201d. While the 2016\u20132020 Social Development Sector Plan (SDSP) does not make this](http://www.npa.go.ug/sector-development-plans/)\nexplicit reference, the policy basis for refugees\u2019 access to social protection programmes is not entirely clear.\nThe CRRF Action plan includes milestones for the inclusion of refugees in the next National Social Protection\n[Policy, its Programme Plan of Interventions, and the next Social Development Sector Plan. The Jobs and](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/86601#:~:text=The%20Jobs%20and%20Livelihoods%20Integrated,a%20sustainable%20manner%20in%20local)\n[Livelihoods Integrated Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities (2020/2021 \u2013 2024/2025) that](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/86601#:~:text=The%20Jobs%20and%20Livelihoods%20Integrated,a%20sustainable%20manner%20in%20local)\nwas developed by the Ministry of Gender, Labour, and Social Development (MoGLSD) and stakeholders,\nincluding UNHCR, also provides access to social protection interventions for refugees.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education assessment", - "confidence": 0.9643964767456055, - "start": 143, - "end": 145 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee hosting districts", - "confidence": 0.8980123400688171, - "start": 12, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5246780514717102, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5280285477638245, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national surveys", - "confidence": 0.6006665229797363, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.985865592956543, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6373138427734375, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\nIn practice, there are only a few Government-led social protection programmes and interventions, and\neven fewer that formally include refugees. One example of refugee inclusion is within the Uganda\nDevelopment Response to Displacement Project (DRDIP) which has included refugees in activities that\ncreate employment opportunities under the second Sustainable Environmental Management Component,\nmanaged by MoGLSD. While not a nationally led programme, refugees are also included in the Child\nSensitive Social Protection Programme (CSSP) in West Nile, which is currently implemented by WFP and\nUNICEF with the support of SIDA.\n\n\nThe Social Protection Development Partners Working Group (SPDG) continues to be the main\nplatform through which development partners interact with government to support the development of\nthe national social protection system. Discussions on the gradual alignment of humanitarian aid and\nsocial protection systems are taking place as part of this component, including implementation of the\nmilestones for refugee inclusion in national social protection systems, as set out in the CRRF Action plan.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nThe Refugee Act 2006 and its 2010 Regulations, in conjunction with non-discrimination clauses in the\n[1995](https://statehouse.go.ug/the-constitution/) [Constitution and relevant international instruments, have continued to provide the legal framework](https://statehouse.go.ug/the-constitution/)\nfor the protection of vulnerable refugees and asylum seekers.\n\n\nAccess to relevant services is limited for both nationals and refugees because of shortcomings in policies\nas well as their implementation. The [Uganda National Child Policy (2020)](https://www.togetherforgirls.org/en/resources/uganda-national-child-policy-2020) specifically notes that\nrefugee children will be included in all aspects of the policy and details the additional dangers to safety and\nwellbeing that refugee children may face, as well as the challenges in accessing Ugandan childcare and\nprotection services. Uganda has finalized the National Framework for Alternative Care, which explicitly\nmentions refugee children and highlights their specific protection and care needs, but implementation\nremains a challenge. The pilot phase of the NACF commenced in 2022 and the Framework has been\nrolled out in Nakivale, Kampala, Yumbe, Adjumani, Kyangwali and partially in Arua, led by the Ministry\nof Gender. On the other hand, community-based alternative care is more accessible to refugee children\nthan to national children generally hosted by fellow refugees through existing community-based\narrangements in the settlements. Similarly, there are laws and policies to protect victims of trafficking in\npersons, but implementation is weak.\n\n### **5. Cross Sectors**\n\n**Characteristics of registered refugees and asylum-seekers in total refugee population**\nas of 30 June 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in policies and/or their implementation related to gender in most\npolicy sub-dimensions in the reporting period The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment (which equally impact both Ugandan women and girls as well as refugee women and girls\nhave remained unchanged as follows.\n\n\n**a.** **The right to work and rights at work:** The lack of formal regulations on sexual harassment applying to\n\nemployers employing less than 25 staff has continued to create significant risks of sexual harassment.\nThe poor working conditions many women and girls face in informal employment has remained\na challenge in the period.\n**b.** **Housing, land, and property rights:** In line with the law, women, men, girls and boys are treated equally\n\nwith respect to housing, land and property rights. However, in practice, women and girls have continued\nto face challenges in inheriting properties of deceased relatives as some communities apply traditional\ncultural norms which recognise men and boys as the only legatee/heir of a deceased estate.\n**c.** **Education:** The lower school enrolment of refugee girls due to practical barriers as well as traditional\n\ngender norms that result in families prioritizing boys\u2019 education over girls has continued to be a challenge\nin the period.\n**d.** **Health care:** The more limited access to health services for women and girls, who face barriers such as\n\nlong distances to health facilities, long waiting times and time poverty due to domestic responsibilities\nthat are overwhelmingly assigned to them. While men and boys also face similar challenges, they\ndisproportionately affect women and girls due to the burden of domestic responsibilities placed on\nthem, as well as certain groups such as those who are pregnant or have young children.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThe sub-dimensions where differences and/or restrictions in refugee characteristics \u2013 age, gender,\nrace, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, statelessness, political opinions, indigenous status,\ndisability, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group \u2013 are most consequential in terms of\nsocioeconomic development remained the same during the period. Legal integration has been added as\na sub-dimension due to the challenges in accessing naturalization.\n\n\nThe consequential ones in terms of socio-economic development that remained a challenge in the report\nperiod are as follows:\n\n\n**a.** **Security of legal status:** The challenges faced by asylum-seekers and refugees in relation to diverse\n\nsexual orientation and gender identity compound by the new law (Anti Homosexuality Act).\n**b.** **Access to civil registration and documentation** : The limited birth registration and certification for\n\nrefugee children and adults born in Uganda due to significant delays in issuing such documents in\nremote locations, a challenge similarly faced by nationals.\n**c.** **Access to justice and security:** The challenges in the actual implementation of the laws and policies\n\nrelated to GBV.\n**d.** **Protection for vulnerable groups:** The challenges for non-accompanied and separated refugee children\n\nto effectively access protection mechanisms in the national systems.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K > **U G A N D A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c8e6754-1831-4c8a-b0f4-f8c95ed2a1f5/Uganda-%20RPRF-1103024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_727/raw/doc_727_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_727/raw/doc_727_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3c3c332f5ee5b7e18a5ffafd57a936d00b6b1480..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_727/raw/doc_727_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,355 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Refugee Policy Review Framework** **Country Summary as at 30 June 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|IDA RSW eligibility|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT\n\n### **OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE POLICY ENVIRONMENT (JULY 2017\u2013** **JUNE 2020)**\n\n\nThe legal and policy frameworks in Uganda grant refugees access to key rights and national services.\nSince 1999, Uganda has been pursuing a development response to forced displacement and has worked\non developing self-reliance strategies for refugees. Since 2010, it has also integrated refugee matters into\n[national and sub-national development and environmental plans (2010 Regulations).](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) In 2015, the\nGovernment of Uganda operationalized these commitments through the adoption of the [Settlement](https://www.shacc.ch/documents/files/pdf/site-planning-and-shelter-coordination-refugee-response-unhcr-uganda-2/sta_uganda.pdf)\n[Transformation Agenda (STA), which was fully incorporated into the](https://www.shacc.ch/documents/files/pdf/site-planning-and-shelter-coordination-refugee-response-unhcr-uganda-2/sta_uganda.pdf) [2015/16\u20132019/20 National Development](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/NDPII-Final.pdf)\n[Plan II (NDPII), thereby integrating refugees into national development planning. Efforts to support the](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/NDPII-Final.pdf) STA\nwere mobilized through a strategic framework called [Refugee and Host Population Empowerment](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/64166)\n[(ReHoPE). These building blocks predated and inspired the participation of Uganda in the 2016 Global](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/64166)\nLeaders\u2019 Summit on Refugees, at which it committed to the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework\n(CRRF), as proposed by the [2016 New York Declaration.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/57ceb74a4.html)\n## \u2022 [From July 2017 to June 2020, Uganda made key policy developments and initiatives as follows:] \u2022 [Launch of the CRRF in April 2017.] \u2022 [Adoption of the ] [Uganda 2018\u20132020 national action plan to implement the Global Compact On]\n\n[Refugees and its Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF Roadmap) in January 2018, as](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/74394)\nwell as its revision in April 2019.\n## \u2022 [Adoption of the ][2018\u20132021 National Education Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities in]\n\n[Uganda in May 2018.](http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/uganda_education-response-plan-for-refugees-and-host-communities-in-uganda.pdf)\n\n[in January 2019]\n## \u2022 [Adoption of the ][2019\u20132024 Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan] \u2022 [Adoption of the ][Water and Environment Sector Refugee Response Plan (WESRRP) ][i][n November 2019 ] \u2022 [Adoption of the ][2020\u20132021 National COVID-19 Health Prevention and Response Plan ][in March 2020, ]\n\nwhich integrates refugees in the national response.\n## \u2022 [Finalization of the country\u2019s ][National Development Plan III (2020/21\u20132024/25),][ which fully integrates ]\n\nrefugees into national, sectoral and district planning and statistics, entering into force in July 2020.\n\n\nIn September 2017, Uganda became eligible for the World Bank\u2019s IDA18 Regional Sub-Window for Refugees\nand Host Communities (RSW), which provided financing to sustain and scale up the policy agenda laid out\nin: the STA, NDPII, NDPIII and the sector response plans listed above.\n\n\nUganda has also been very active on international refugee issues, supporting the development and\n[affirmation of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) in 2018 and signing the IGAD Djibouti Declaration](https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html)\n[on Education in 2017, as well as the](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjI7re4zIzwAhXB26QKHWsDAUMQFjACegQIBRAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Figad.int%2Fattachments%2Farticle%2F1725%2FDjibouti%2520Declaration%2520on%2520Refugee%2520Education.pdf&usg=AOvVaw22IM1D5LacBAkhWBqIkPOM) [Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-Reliance for](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/publications/legal/5c9dd6384/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-self-reliance-for-refugees-returnees.html)\n[Refugees, Returnees and Host Communities in the IGAD region in March 2019. Uganda also actively](https://www.unhcr.org/afr/publications/legal/5c9dd6384/kampala-declaration-on-jobs-livelihoods-self-reliance-for-refugees-returnees.html)\n[participated in the 2019 Global Refugee Forum (GRF), where it reinforced its commitment to the GCR and](https://www.unhcr.org/global-refugee-forum.html)\nmade additional policy pledges on: (i) maintaining its progressive, open-door refugee policy; (ii) including\nrefugees in its national planning framework and statistical systems;(iii) promoting accessibility, quality and\ninclusiveness in education and health delivery systems for refugees and host communities through\nimplementation of the Education Response Plan and Health Response Plan; (iv) promoting inclusive and\nsustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems through implementation of the Water &\nEnvironment Response Plan; and (v) ensuring the integrity of its asylum system.\n\n\n2 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. Host communities\n\n### **POLICY DIMENSIONS (AS AT 30 JUNE 2020)** **1 Host Communities**\n\n\n**1.1** **Support for communities in refugee-hosting areas**\n\n\nThe country\u2019s [2002 Fiscal Decentralization Strategy and Fiscal Transfer Reform Programme (IFTRP) set out](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/697291498788132920/pdf/Uganda-PAD-06082017.pdf)\nthe strategy and operationalization system for fiscal transfers to local governments. The IFTRP can also be\napplied for timely additional financial transfers from national level to areas that are economically affected\nby the presence of refugees, even though it does not contain specific provisions in this regard.\n\n\nThis is demonstrated by the Uganda Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer Program (UGIFT) and the Uganda\nSupport to Municipal Infrastructure Development Program (USMID) financed by the World Bank. Both\nprogrammes support implementation of the IFTRP and factor refugee populations into conditional grant\nallocation formulas in the health, education, water and sanitation sectors, thus facilitating significant\nincreases in financing and integrated service delivery for refugee-hosting districts, based on refugee\npopulations within Districts. The IFTRP has also facilitated the development of integrated transition plans,\nwhich combine sectoral financing with other funding sources, including complementary projects from\ndevelopment partner and humanitarian actors. The operationalization of sub-national fiscal plans have\nbeen hindered by the limited implementation capacities of sub-national government institutions.\n\n\nThe Social Protection Policy is premised on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda. The\n[2015 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) and](http://socialprotection.go.ug/newwebsite2/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/National-Social-Protection-Policy-uganda.pdf) [2016\u20132020 Social Sector Development Plan aim to](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT-SECTOR-PLAN.pdf)\nestablish comprehensive social protection services to address vulnerabilities for all Ugandans, including\nhost communities. There are four main social safety net schemes and programmes: the National Social\nSecurity Fund (NSSF), the Public Service Pension Scheme (PSPS), the Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF)\nand the Senior Citizens\u2019 Grant (SCG). Extending coverage of the NSSF and PSPS has been slow and the\nproposed reforms are taking time to develop. NUSAF covers 55 districts in the Northern and Eastern regions,\nwhile SCG operates in 61 districts with the intention of scaling up towards universal coverage for all elderly\npersons aged 80 years and over. Some refugee-hosting districts are already currently covered by SCG and\nNUSAF. Enjoyment of social safety nets for Ugandans, including host communities, is limited in practice: less\nthan 0.7 per cent of the population is covered; there are institutional constraints inhibiting the performance\nof social protection in Uganda; and with a national budget allocation of less than 0.06 per cent of GDP, many\nprogrammes remain fully dependent on international aid [(2019 Social Sector Development Review).](https://mglsd.go.ug/social-development-sector-review/)\n\n\n**1.2** **Social cohesion**\n\n\nThere are various national policies that are directly and indirectly aimed at identifying, preventing, and\nmitigating potential social tensions and risks of conflicts in refugee-hosting areas. The [Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\n[and its 2010 Refugees Regulations](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) set out refugee rights as well as refugee obligations including those\n[bound by the rule of law and public order in Uganda. The 2016\u20132020 NDPII, the 2020\u20132025 NDP III in](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/NDPII-Final.pdf)\nconjunction with the [2016\u20132022 STA and the](https://www.shacc.ch/documents/files/pdf/site-planning-and-shelter-coordination-refugee-response-unhcr-uganda-2/sta_uganda.pdf) [GCR/CRRF National Plan of Action 2018\u20132020, provide](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/74394)\npolicy guidance on social cohesion and rule of law among refugees and host communities.\n\n\nIn addition, the Bill of Rights in the 1995 Constitution, the Penal Code Act and a large body of other\nnational laws which are applicable throughout the country contribute in preventing tensions and\nstrengthening social cohesion between various groups. There are, however, gaps in early warning systems,\nintended to identify conflict risks, and provide subsequent mitigation measures.\n\n\nWhile refugee and host communities in Uganda typically coexist peacefully, and interact on a regular\nbasis, tension still exist. These tensions can be attributed to various factors including competition for\nnatural resources, land disputes, destruction of crops by animals belonging to the host or refugee\ncommunities and/or perceived inequities in access to livelihoods, services and international aid. Such\ntensions also exist within refugee communities and among Ugandan nationals and have been further\nexacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nWithin host and refugee communities, there are functional informal and formal mechanisms in place that\npromote peaceful coexistence, dialogue, joint activities and citizen engagement. The most relevant\nmechanisms within the host community are the local councils, which have social cohesion and dispute\nresolution responsibilities within their area of jurisdiction. The refugee welfare committees are the\nequivalent structures in the refugee community. As a matter of practice, local governments and the Office\nof the Prime Minister (OPM) facilitate interventions to promote peaceful coexistence and address any\ntensions arising between refugees and host communities. OPM facilitates regular engagement between\nlocal councils and refugee welfare committees. As part of the [National Confict Early Warning Mechanism,](http://nfp.mia.go.ug/?page_id=67)\npeace committees have been established in some refugee-hosting districts. These have strong potential\nto address conflict between refugees and host communities more comprehensively but policies to that\nend, bringing together both refugee and host community representatives, have not yet been established.\n\n\nThe Constitution grants protection from discrimination for all persons within the territory of Uganda\n[including refugees. This spirit is reinforced in the Refugees Act](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) which states that \u201cA recognised refugee\nshall, subject to this Act, the OAU Convention and the Geneva Convention, [\u2026] be entitled to fair and just\ntreatment without discrimination on grounds of race, religion, sex, nationality, ethnic identity, membership\nof a particular social group or political opinion.\u201d In practice, refugees and asylum-seekers report incidents\nof discrimination, for instance in relation to gender, ethnicity, disability and diverse sexual orientation and\ngender identities (see also section 5 on cross-sector issues).\n\n\n**1.3** **Environmental management**\n\n\n[There are several national policies to mitigate the environmental impact of hosting refugees. The 2019\u2013](https://www.mwe.go.ug/sites/default/files/library/Final%20Water%20and%20Environment%20Sector%20%20Refugee%20Response%20Plan.pdf)\n[2022 Water and Environment Sector Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities in Uganda](https://www.mwe.go.ug/sites/default/files/library/Final%20Water%20and%20Environment%20Sector%20%20Refugee%20Response%20Plan.pdf)\n(WESRP) addresses protection of the environment and natural resources in refugee-hosting areas,\nfocusing on water resource management, waste management and access to sanitation. This Plan has\nbeen costed and designed to feed into the national [2016\u20132020 Water and Environment Sector](https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/sector-development-plansdp)\n[Development Plan](https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/sector-development-plansdp) (WESDP). Implementation of the Plan has begun.\n\n\nA draft [National Energy Policy](https://www.energyandminerals.go.ug/site/assets/files/1081/draft_revised_energy_policy_-_11_10_2019-1_1.pdf) and Sustainable Energy Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities\n(SERP) has been developed and is expected to be finalized in mid-2021. The Policy recognizes that the\nenergy sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation and highlights the need to integrate\nrefugees into energy national programmes as outlined in the SERP. The SERP specifically addresses\naccess to energy in refugee-hosting areas, including the use of biomass for domestic energy production,\n[which is the main cause of deforestation in the region. The Rural Electrifcation Strategy and Plan 2013\u2013](https://rise.esmap.org/data/files/library/uganda/Renewable%20Energy/REA,%20Strategy%20and%20Plan%202013-2022.pdf)\n[2022](https://rise.esmap.org/data/files/library/uganda/Renewable%20Energy/REA,%20Strategy%20and%20Plan%202013-2022.pdf) is another relevant policy that aims inter alia to facilitate access to modern energy services in order\nto replace kerosene lighting and other forms of traditional heating that are affecting the environment. The\nPlan does not specifically include refugees and host communities but applies across the country including\nrefugee-hosting areas.\n\n\n**1.4** **Preparedness for refugee inflows**\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) [and its 2010 Regulations,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) [NDPII, the GCR/CRRF National Plan of Action and the](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/NDPII-Final.pdf)\nUnited Nations inter-agency Refugee Response Plan (RRP) set out the national preparedness framework\nto respond to increased or new refugee inflows in ways that minimize short- and medium-term\nsocioeconomic impacts on hosting regions. While the CRRF National Plan of Action focuses on advancing\nlonger term/development outcomes for refugee and host communities, the Refugee Coordination Model\n(RMC) covers humanitarian interventions, refugee protection and emergency preparedness and response\nand is co-led by OPM and UNHCR. As such, the RRP contributes to implementation of the GCR/CRRF and\ncomplements the National Plan of Action and the comprehensive sector response plans.\n\n\nThe [GCR/CRRF National Plan of Action](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/74394) recognizes that improved preparedness, including efficient\nmechanisms to strengthen the national approach to settlement, temporary provision of assistance through\nnational delivery systems, capacity building for the relevant authorities, early warning mechanisms,\nmeasures to enhance evidence-based forecasting and disaster risk reduction efforts, as well as data\n\n\n4 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\ncollection at the reception stage, strengthen comprehensive short and mid-term responses. Refugee\nregistration data and statistics were validated in November 2018 to improve the responses of both\ndevelopment and humanitarian actors. The registration data is being used to identify the protection needs\nof individuals more effectively and to generate data relevant to designing solutions from the onset of\narrivals. This data is also informing long-term development activities supporting socioeconomic\ninterventions for refugees and host communities in Uganda.\n\n\nFurther, the Displacement Crisis Response Mechanism (DCRM) (financed through the Development\nResponse to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) supported by the WB), supports rapid scale-up of\npublic service provision in locations impacted by a refugee-related displacement shocks and is a new\napproach to respond to future displacement shocks.\n\n\nOperationally, emergency preparedness and response are coordinated and led by the Government\n(OPM) with the support of UNHCR, as contemplated in the national inter-agency Refugee Response Plan\n2020\u20132021. Given the COVID-19 context, emphasis is placed on reinforcing health and water, sanitation\nand hygiene measures to contain and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening reception\npreparedness and building capacity to manage large numbers of asylum-seekers.\n\n### **2 Regulatory Environment and Governance**\n\n\n**2.1** **Normative framework**\n\n\nUganda is a State Party to the [1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, albeit with seven](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3be01b964&skip=0&query=refugee%20convention%201951)\nreservations including regarding (i) the right to moveable and immoveable property and (ii) the right of\nassociation and expulsion. Uganda is also a State Party to the [1967 Protocol relating to the Status of](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\nRefugees, the [1969 OAU Convention Governing Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969) and other\n[relevant international and regional instruments. Refugee-related commitments in these instruments are](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/:x:/r/teams/drs-park/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B0F3F8AA7-5181-43B1-9C81-05D501F1D3A1%7D&file=Sources_Country_Summaries.xlsb.xlsx&action=default&mobileredirect=true)\nimplemented primarily through the [Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) and its [2010 Regulations. The framework for](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nrefugee protection in Uganda is comprehensive and consistent with international and regional standards.\nIt has enabled the country to set up its 2015 Settlement Transformative Agenda (STA): a progressive\nprotection model whereby refugees are admitted, allocated land for settlement and provided with\ndocuments. The STA aims to achieve self-reliance and increase social development in refugee-hosting\nareas, thereby providing refugees in Uganda with very good prospects for dignity and normality. Including\nrefugees in NDPII by incorporating the STA paved the road for comprehensive responses to address the\nneeds of both refugees and host communities. Building on these efforts, the Government adopted\nimplementation of the GCR and its CRRF in mid-2017. Significant progress has been made towards the\ninclusion of refugees in national planning. Line ministries have led advancements in various key sectors,\nincluding in Education, Health, Water and Environment and Jobs and Livelihoods, with sector Response\nPlans being implemented (the Sustainable Energy Response Plan being expected to be finalized in mid2021). These plans offer opportunities to integrate longer-term resilience and development approaches\ninto refugee and host population assistance programmes and to create entry points for development\npartners to invest in the response.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act 2006 [and its 2010 Regulations, NDPII and the GCR/CRFF National Action Plan have](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nbeen disseminated publicly in Uganda. Despite sensitization sessions, UNHCR observes gaps in the\nawareness of refugees, authorities and host communities regarding applicable refugee policies. For the\nauthorities, often only those officials deployed to refugee-hosting areas or to border points receive\ninformation on refugee laws and policies. OPM and UNHCR have initiated discussions to integrate refugee\nlaw into Government training programmes, notably through the national police and immigration training\nacademies. Such programmes are already being provided for the Uganda People\u2019s Defence Force National\nSenior Command School in Jinja.\n\n\nThe Refugees Act 2006 and its 2010 Regulations provide the framework for refugee status determination\n(RSD). The RSD framework gives the Refugee Eligibility Committee (REC) responsibility for determining\nrefugee status. REC adjudicates asylum applications based on RSD interviews conducted by OPM RSD\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee\nregistration data", - "confidence": 0.6009579300880432, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9952428936958313, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8331815004348755, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and host communities", - "confidence": 0.6221272945404053, - "start": 81, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nOfficers or by its own staff. Asylum-seekers from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo are\ngranted refugee status on a prima facie basis. Asylum-seekers from other countries of origin and those\nfrom Democratic Republic of Congo who enter the country via ungazetted border points undergo individual\nRSD by REC as outlined.\n\n\nThere are challenges involved in implementing the RSD framework, including a high dependency on\nUNHCR funding, limited analysis of the reasons for rejection in some cases and inadequate support for\nvulnerable asylum-seekers in the RSD procedures. Due to the large refugee inflows of recent years and\nlimited government staffing, infrastructure and resources, adjudication of asylum claims takes much longer\nthan the 90 days stipulated by law. During this waiting period, asylum-seekers face certain restrictions\ncompared to recognized refugees, in terms of their employability and access to certain services, because\nof their temporary status.\n\n\nIn March 2020, as part of a series of presidential directives to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic,\nthe Government suspended asylum procedures including the admission and registration of new arrivals,\nRSD and issuance of identification documents. While the Government made efforts to admit some groups\nof asylum-seekers, there were reports that some asylum-seekers were pushed back by security forces\nmanning the borders.\n\n\n**2.2** **Security of legal status**\n\n\nThe Refugees Act 2006 [and its](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) 2010 Regulations grant asylum-seekers the right to stay in the country for\nthe duration of the refugee application. Asylum-seekers are provided with an asylum-seeker certificate\nthat is renewable every three months. The asylum-seeker certificate grants them the right to stay until\nsuch a time as their status has been determined. Once refugee status has been granted, refugees are\nentitled to a refugee identity card with a renewable validity of five years. There are no limitations on the\nright to stay, in policy or in practice, unless the status expires or is cancelled under the Refugees Act.\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2006 guarantees the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement in line](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nwith international standards and these are respected in practice. However, as mentioned above, the risks\nof refoulement increased due to the suspension of admission procedures in March 2020 to curb COVID-19.\nIt is also noted that the admission of asylum-seekers from Pakistan has been restricted since 2017, except\nfor those seeking family reunification. Asylum-seekers with claims relating to their sexual orientation also\nhave difficulties in gaining admission.\n\n\n**2.3** **Institutional framework for refugee management and coordination**\n\n\nThe [Refugees Act 2006 sets out the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) institutional framework for refugee management and gives OPM\nresponsibility for all administrative matters concerning refugees in Uganda, including the coordination of\ninter-ministerial and non-governmental activities and programmes relating to refugees.\n\n\nThe Government\u2019s firm commitment to GCR/CRRF led to the establishment of a high-level CRRF Steering\nGroup in October 2017, chaired at ministerial level by OPM and the Ministry of Local Government\nrecognizing the key role that district local governments play in the refugee response. The Steering Group\nmeets quarterly to steer the GCR/CRRF vision in Uganda, bringing together government ministries/\ndepartments and agencies, United Nations agencies, development and humanitarian donors, refugee and\nhost community representatives, international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the\nprivate sector and international financial institutions. The Steering Group\u2019s Terms of Reference include\nprovisions to ensure alignment with existing development and humanitarian coordination mechanisms\nsuch as the National Partnership Forum, development sector working groups, the Local Development\nPartners Group, the Refugee Humanitarian Partners Group and RCM. A CRRF Secretariat has been\nestablished within OPM, supported by UNHCR to advance GCR/CRRF implementation in line with the\nNational Plan of Action. The Steering Group and Secretariat are functional, but the governance structure\nis not provided for in law.\n\n\n6 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nUnder the overall leadership of OPM and in line with guidance provided by the CRRF Steering Group, the\nrole of Line Ministries and district authorities in the refugee response has been strengthened over recent\nyears. District sectoral working groups involved in refugee response are aligning with Government sector\nworking groups. The refugee Education, Health and WASH sector working groups are being co-chaired\nby the United Nations, NGO and Line Ministries. This ensures that interventions for refugees and in\nrefugee-hosting areas are in line with national sector policies and contribute to the comprehensive sector\nresponse plans.\n\n\nCommunity participation is ensured through the refugee community governance structures. While their\nfunctions are broader, they play a key role in communicating the perspectives of the refugee community\nto the authorities, UNHCR and other stakeholders. The most central are the Refugee Welfare Committees\n(RWC) (see also 1.2 Social cohesion above) comprising a chair/vice chair, general secretary and secretaries\nresponsible for thematic areas such as education, women\u2019s affairs, health and sanitation, security, persons\nwith disabilities and other special needs, and youth and sports. The refugee governance structures are\nestablished by practice, mirroring the national Local Council system. Other community structures include\nneighborhood watch committees, child protection committees, sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)\ncommittees, village health teams, psychosocial support structures, community activists, WASH committees\nand food management committees. These structures are generally functional but there are gaps in\nrepresentation for women, persons with specific needs and minority groups.\n\n\nWith the establishment of the Refugee Engagement Forum (REF) in 2018, refugees are now represented\nin the CRFF Steering Group. REF meets quarterly and brings together refugee representatives from all\nrefugee-hosting districts. Two representatives from REF attend the steering group to represent the\nrefugee voice.\n\n\nRefugees have so far not been included in the national population census in Uganda but there is\ndevelopment in related areas. In 2018, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), with support from the WB\n[and UNHCR, embarked on a Refugee and Host Community Household Survey (World Bank, 2019).](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/571081569598919068/informing-the-refugee-policy-response-in-uganda-results-from-the-uganda-refugee-and-host-communities-2018-household-survey)\nRefugees are also included in the national health management information systems, as well as the\nepidemic preparedness and response plans, including those for Cholera, Ebola and Covid-19. Data on\nrefugee GBV is not systematically collected by the Government, but UNHCR and its humanitarian partners\nare collecting this data and have agreed with the Government that they will feed it into the National GBV\nDatabase once the Government has addressed data protection and confidentiality-related challenges.\n\n\nPriorities for refugee protection and management have been included in the [NDP II and sub-national](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/NDPII-Final.pdf)\nlevel development planning processes. During the fourth ministerial level National Partnership Forum,\nheld in February 2018, a commitment was made to improve these priority areas for the NDP III.\n\n\n**2.4** **Access to civil registration and documentation**\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) [and its 2010 Regulations](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) provides that all recognized refugees shall be issued\nwith a Refugee identity (ID) card for the purposes of identification and protection. As of June 2020, 44 per\ncent of refugees had refugee IDs. Upon registration, all (100 per cent) are issued with a Refugee Attestation\nletter that also serves as identification. Law enforcement authorities at national/sub-national level\nrecognize refugee ID cards and attestation letters. Recognition of refugee ID cards by national/subnational authorities or private sector institutions responsible for socioeconomic services depends in\npractice on the sector (see section 3.4). The private sector (e.g. financial institutions) in most cases seek\nletters from OPM to confirm the authenticity of the refugee ID cards.\n\n\nUganda also issues Machine Readable Convention Travel Documents (MRCTDs) to refugees for purposes\nof travel, as per Section 31 of the Refugees Act 2006, upon recommendation by OPM. These documents\nare in line with the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).\n\n\nVital events registration procedures (births, marriages and deaths) are not explicitly mentioned in the\n[Refugees Act. However, they are addressed under other laws and policies, notably under the Marriage](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nAct. It is noted that Section 34 of the Refugees Act 2006 on Personal Status briefly mentions marriage: \u201c(1)\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national population census", - "confidence": 0.9096958041191101, - "start": 348, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6132285594940186, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.7966620922088623, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9941315054893494, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7777094841003418, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9174813628196716, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9212436676025391, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee and Host Community Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.5168895721435547, - "start": 385, - "end": 391 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5552448630332947, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.70046466588974, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6070359349250793, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8166198134422302, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8337163329124451, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National GBV\nDatabase", - "confidence": 0.9881525635719299, - "start": 467, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Government", - "confidence": 0.5344398617744446, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2. Regulatory Environment and Governance\n\n\nThe personal status of a recognised refugee shall be governed by the law of the country of his or her\ndomicile or, if he or she has no domicile, by the law currently in force in Uganda. (2) All rights previously\nacquired by a refugee and dependent on personal status, particularly rights attaching to marriage, shall\nbe respected, subject to the laws of Uganda.\u201d\n\n\nThe [2015 Registration of Persons Act](http://www.mia.go.ug/sites/default/files/download/The%20Registration%20of%20Persons%2C%20%20Act-2015.pdf) mandates the National Identification and Registration Authority\n(NIRA) to register births and deaths. This Act makes the registration of every birth within Uganda both free\nand compulsory, which provides refugees and asylum-seekers with access to birth registration services\non a par with nationals. While the Government recognizes the need to provide additional services and\nlogistical support to remote locations, including in refugee-hosting areas, the limited resources and\ncapacity of NIRA have led to significant delays in the issuance of birth registration for refugees and hosts.\nTo improve the timeliness of birth registration services, the Government is working to establish links\nbetween the medical databases of hospitals registering births and the national NIRA database system.\nUganda is also developing a Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) strategy with a view to providing\nguidelines for the delivery of civil registration services and the production of vital statistics, including for\nrefugees. It is noted that limited birth registration and certification for refugees born in Uganda places\nthem at risk of statelessness. It should be noted that Uganda is not yet party to the 1961 Convention on the\nReduction of Statelessness.\n\n\n**2.5** **Justice and Security**\n\n\nThe [Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) and its [2010 Regulations](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html) accord refugees the same rights as nationals in terms of\naccess to justice, including access to legal assistance under the applicable laws of Uganda. The level of\nsecurity enjoyed by refugees is comparable to that enjoyed by nationals in the same areas. This is\ndemonstrated in the 2019 [Assessment on Rule of Law, Access to Justice, and Security Needs of Refugees](https://www.bing.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ug.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fuganda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fpresscenter%2Fspeeches%2F2019%2FLaunch-of-report-on-rule-of-law-access-to-justice-and-security-needs-of-refugees-and-host-communities.html&form=PREXEN&ocid=iehp&mkt=en-us&httpsmsn=1&msnews=1&refig=cf98bf9b0c9e45f49fc37fda514dc366&sp=-1&pq=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ug.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fuganda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fpresscenter%2Fspeeches%2F2019%2Flaunch-of-report-on-rule-of-law-access-to-justice-and-security-needs-of-refugees-and-host-communities.html&sc=0-179&qs=n&sk=&cvid=cf98bf9b0c9e45f49fc37fda514dc366)\n[and Host Communities in Arua and Isingiro Districts conducted by LAPSET, as well as by the](https://www.bing.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ug.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fuganda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fpresscenter%2Fspeeches%2F2019%2FLaunch-of-report-on-rule-of-law-access-to-justice-and-security-needs-of-refugees-and-host-communities.html&form=PREXEN&ocid=iehp&mkt=en-us&httpsmsn=1&msnews=1&refig=cf98bf9b0c9e45f49fc37fda514dc366&sp=-1&pq=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ug.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fuganda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fpresscenter%2Fspeeches%2F2019%2Flaunch-of-report-on-rule-of-law-access-to-justice-and-security-needs-of-refugees-and-host-communities.html&sc=0-179&qs=n&sk=&cvid=cf98bf9b0c9e45f49fc37fda514dc366) [UNHCR 2019](https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-refugee-operation-participatory-assessment-2019-national-report)\n[Participatory assessments.](https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-refugee-operation-participatory-assessment-2019-national-report)\n\n\nIn practice and as demonstrated by the 2019 assessment, access to law enforcement and justice, including\nState-provided legal aid, is limited for both refugees and host communities. Challenges are, inter alia,\nrelated to high costs, physical distance and limited legal representation. Consequently, most refugees and\nhost communities resort to informal justice mechanisms and local council courts to settle disputes. In 2011,\nthe Government, assisted by civil society, drafted a legal aid policy that is pending cabinet approval. A\nprivate members\u2019 bill on legal aid has also been under consideration by parliament since 2012. In a bid to\nsupport alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, the Judiciary reviewed the 2013 Judicature (Mediation\nRules) to harmonize it with the Civil Procedure Rules and made mediation optional for parties in civil suits.\nThe judiciary has also adopted a Case Backlog Reduction Strategy to address delays in the dispensation\nof justice and deployed judicial staffing and mobile courts to refugee-hosting areas with support from\nUNHCR, but challenges remain.\n\n\nVarious policies are in place to prevent and deter gender-based violence (GBV), which apply across the\ncountry and are inclusive of refugees. These include the [Penal Code, the](https://www.refworld.org/docid/59ca2bf44.html) [2010 Domestic Violence Act, the](https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/es/countries/africa/uganda/2010/domestic-violence-act-2010)\n[2010 Female Genital Mutilation Act](https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/fr/countries/africa/uganda/2010/prohibition-of-female-genital-mutilation-act-2010) and the [2016 Elimination of Gender Based Violence Policy. Despite the](http://ngbvd.mglsd.go.ug/docs/2838GBV%20POLICY%2031st%2007%202019%20Final..pdf)\nstrong normative and policy framework, which is non-discriminatory and takes deliberate steps to include\nrefugees in government GBV responses, including regulations, guidelines, protocols and even districtlevel laws and orders, actual implementation of the laws and policies has been challenging owing to\nfinancial and institutional gaps in the national judicial and social services. Although refugee-hosting\ncommunities face similar challenges in Uganda, GBV disproportionally affects refugees. Many refugees,\nin particular women and children, have experienced trauma, separation and GBV prior to and during flight,\nwith an average of 5,000 new GBV cases being registered annually by UNHCR and its partners. GBV is\nalso significantly underreported owing to a combination of a culture of silence within the communities and\ninadequate services to respond to reported cases. Due to a lack of livelihood opportunities, some women\nand girls engage in survival sex as a coping mechanism, which exposes them to sexual violence,\nexploitation, and trafficking.\n\n\n8 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n### **3 Economic Opportunities**\n\n\n**3.1** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\nThere are currently no directives or guidelines that restrict the freedom of movement of refugees. The\n[Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) and its [2010 Regulations grant refugees freedom of movement subject to reasonable](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nrestrictions specified in Ugandan laws, or guidelines issued by the Commissioner for Refugees, which\napply to aliens generally in similar situations. This is consistent with Article 26 of the 1951 Refugee\nConvention on freedom of movement.\n\n\nThe legal framework does not provide refugees with an explicit right to choose their place of residence,\nbut they can effectively do so in practice given their right to freedom of movement and the national\nsettlement approach. Refugees who choose to reside outside of the refugee settlements forfeit access to\nregular humanitarian assistance programmes. Formally, only 6 per cent of the refugee population is\nregistered in Kampala rather than in refugee settlements.\n\n\n**3.2** **Right to work and rights at work**\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2006 and its 2010 Regulations](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) grant recognized refugees the right to work based on\nthe most favourable treatment accorded to foreign residents under similar circumstances; except that\nrecognized refugees are exceptionally exempt from any requirement to pay fees to obtain a work permit\nprior to taking up any offer of work or continuing in their employment. The Refugees Act 2006 is silent on\nthe right to work of asylum-seekers not yet recognized as refugees; however, in practice, asylum-seekers\ninformally engage in income-generating activities.\n\n\nIt is noted that the Immigration Act and related statutory instruments require foreigners to obtain work\npermits, which are issued as passport endorsements by the Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration\nControl (DCIC). This also applies to refugees with the difference that they are exempt from paying a fee\nunder Uganda Statutory Instruments Supplement No 5 dated 5 February 2016. The DCIC has so far not\naccepted the refugee ID card in lieu of a passport but allows work permits to be stamped on refugee\nConvention Travel Documents (CTDs). This limits access to employment for refugees who do not hold CTDs,\nwhich are themselves not easily acquired by refugees due to the application fees for a CTD (220,000 UGX).\n\n\nAccording to the Refugee and Host Community Household Survey (World Bank, 2019), 28 per cent of\n[refugees were employed during the period of reporting. The Refugees Act 2006 does not specifically](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nmention equal workplace protection for refugees; however, the [Employment Act applies to \u201call employees](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/74416/127308/F-831045940/UGA74416.pdf)\nemployed by an employer under a contract of service\u201d and as such provides refugees with the same\nworker protections as nationals. The Act outlines specific workplace protections, including, for example,\nequal remuneration for work of equal value, a prohibition on the dismissal of pregnant women and a\nprohibition on discrimination on many grounds.\n\n\nIn practice, refugees can operate businesses in their own names. However, some refugees face the\n[predicament of not having a fixed place of residence as required. Section 29 of the Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nallows refugees to engage in agriculture, industry, handicrafts and commerce, and to establish commercial\nand industrial companies in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. The Act further grants\nrefugees holding qualifications recognized by the competent authorities in Uganda the right to practise\ntheir professions. This implies that refugees are required to equate their professional documents to\nUgandan standards before obtaining authorization to practise their profession. Refugees also have\ngeneral barriers limiting access to finance and markets, which hamper their ability to engage in selfemployment and trade-related opportunities.\n\n\n**3.3** **Land, housing and property rights**\n\n\n[Article 65 of the 2010 Regulations stipulates that: \u201c(1) a refugee who is residing in a designated refugee](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nsettlement or a refugee area shall have free access to use land for the purposes of cultivation or pasturing,\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Economic Opportunities\n\n\nexcept that they shall have no right to sell, lease or otherwise alienate the land that has been allocated to\nthem strictly for their individual or family utilization. (2) A refugee shall not acquire or hold freehold interest\nin land in Uganda. (3) A refugee who resides outside a designated refugee camp as a tenant may legally\nacquire or dispose of his or her occupancy or leasehold interests in land, as the law permits resident aliens\ngenerally to do.\u201d\n\n\nIn practice, OPM implements this provision by providing refugees living in settlements with plots of land\nfor agricultural use, without discrimination and for the full period of their asylum in Uganda. The Settlement\nTransformative Agenda specifically calls for investments to increase productivity and diversify economic\nopportunities in refugee settlements, and to address environmental pressures. As the refugee population\ncontinues growing, there are general concerns on the sustainability of this land allocation policy in the\nlonger-term. The host community is just as much in need of land, most particularly in the West Nile region.\nAlso, many refugees are still unaware of their rights and the rules concerning land ownership, with some\npurchasing land in informal and often illegal ways.\n\n\nThe [Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) and its [2010 Regulations guarantee refugees the same treatment as foreign nationals](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nregarding movable and immovable property. Section 29(1)(e)(i) of the Refugees Act 2006 provides that \u201cA\nrecognized refugee shall, subject to this Act, the OAU Convention and the Geneva Convention (e) [\u2026] receive\nat least the same treatment accorded to aliens generally in similar circumstances relating to (i) movable and\nimmovable property and other rights pertaining to property and to leases and other contracts relating to\nmovable and immovable property\u201d. In practice, very few refugees have formal agreements or documentation\nto secure their access to housing. According to an assessment on Refugee Access to Livelihoods and Housing,\nLand and Property in Uganda by NRC/Reach in 2019, refugees renting houses often have no documentation to\nprove legal occupancy of their shelter. Obtaining other properties may also prove difficult because of\nadministrative requirements that refugees sometimes cannot meet (e.g. the Tax Identification number (TIN)).\n\n\n[The 2016 National Housing Policy aims to provide a framework \u201cfor adequate housing for all\u201d and seeks](https://mlhud.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/National-Housing-Policy-May-2016.pdf)\nto provide, inter alia, social housing for vulnerable groups. The Housing policy defines vulnerable groups\nas those that are socially, culturally, economically, legally or physically disadvantaged. Examples include\ninternally displaced persons (IDPs), elderly persons, orphans, women-headed households, child-headed\nhouseholds, persons living in extreme poverty, persons living with AIDS, persons living with physical\ndisabilities, etc. The policy recognizes that such groups are unable to access adequate and decent housing\nand hence need special intervention to be able to participate in the housing market. Refugees are not\nexplicitly excluded from accessing social housing programmes, although for the time being no refugee\nhas been included in the existing programmes.\n\n\n**3.4** **Financial and administrative services**\n\n\nRefugees can open bank accounts using the refugee ID card, as required under the 2004 Financial\ninstitutions Act and the 2015 Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. However, in practice most banks do not\nlend to refugees even when they meet the requirements, citing reasons of refugee mobility. Refugees can\nalso take out loans from formal financial institutions, but they are often unable to provide the required\nguarantees. Furthermore, many financial service providers require contact addresses or a letter of\nintroduction from a local leader, which can often be difficult for refugees to provide. As such, very few\nrefugees open bank accounts and/or access other financial services such as loans and insurance.\n\n\nRefugees can access mobile phones and the mobile phone banking system based on an instruction to all\nmobile network operations (MNOs) from the Uganda Communication Commission, which is the regulator\nfor MNOs. The instruction sets out that refugees can access SIM cards or mobile phone banking if they\nmeet the Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements. These require them to provide either the asylumseeker attestation letter issued upon their registration in Uganda or the refugee ID card issued by OPM.\nMost refugees are in possession of a mobile phone and are increasingly using mobile money services.\nHowever, there are challenges with the Application Programming Interface (API) that affects the issuance\nof SIM cards. National laws and policies allow refugees to obtain key administrative documents, notably\nSection 29 1(e) III of the Refugee Act 2006.\n\n\n10 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nBased on the Refugees Act 2006 and its 2010 Regulation, combined with existing regulations, refugees\ncan equate their professional documents to Ugandan standards. However, for French-speaking refugees,\nmainly from Congo and Burundi, language barriers and accreditation requirements for academic\nqualifications affect their ability to practise their profession, given the different education systems in their\ncountries of origin. Refugees are expected to submit their foreign certificates and diplomas to the Ministry\nof Education and Sports (MoES) so that equivalence may be established.\n\n\nSkills development opportunities for refugees are regulated in the Education Response Plan for refugees\nand host communities (see sub-dimension 4.1).\n\n\nLike other foreigners, refugees can access driving licences without hindrance if they show a refugee ID\nor asylum certificate. Driving licences issued in countries that have a licence system similar to that of\nUganda are expressly recognized but all others must apply for the licence according to the regulations.\n\n### **4 Access to National Public Services**\n\n\n**4.1** **Education**\n\n\n[The Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) [and its 2010 Regulations grant refugees the right to receive the same treatment](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\ngenerally accorded to foreigners under similar circumstances, as regards general education, while for\nelementary education they receive the same treatment as nationals.\n\n\n[The Education Response Plan for refugees and host communities (ERP 2018\u20132021) is the main planning](https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5daf17734/education-response-plan-refugees-host-communities-uganda.html)\n[and financing document. It is designed to align closely with the 2017\u20132020 Education Sector Strategic](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/EDUCATION-AND-SPORTS-SECTOR-STRATEGIC-PLAN.pdf)\n[Plan (ESSP) to improve access to and quality of learning across all forms of education for refugee and host](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/EDUCATION-AND-SPORTS-SECTOR-STRATEGIC-PLAN.pdf)\ncommunity children in the 12 refugee-hosting districts in Uganda. ERP also provides for refugee access to\nspecialized services including accelerated education programmes, vocational and life skills training,\npsychosocial support and referrals. ERP has contributed to strengthening coordination and collaboration\nbetween the government, non-governmental organizations and United Nations agencies involved.\nRefugee-hosting districts have embarked upon the development of district ERPs to strengthen coordination\nand refugee-inclusive planning at district and settlement levels while aligning district priorities to funding.\nConsequently, significant [progress has been made in terms of access to education and improved learning](http://www.education.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ERP1-YEAR-Brochure-004-3-12-19-F-2.pdf)\nenvironments since the launch of ERP. Implementation of ERP is overseen by a multi-stakeholder steering\ncommittee led by MoES and supported by a Secretariat within MoES that receives financial and technical\nsupport from UNHCR.\n\n\nOne remaining issue is the absence of refugee inclusion in the Education Management Information System\n(EMIS), which serves as the basis for the computation of capitation grants and national indicator tracking.\nCalculation of school capitation grants for Universal Primary Education (UPE) does not factor in refugee\nchildren.\n\n\nProviding all refugee and host communities with a full cycle of certified education in line with the aspirations\nof Sustainable Development Goal 4 to \u201cleave no one behind\u201d remains a challenge: 57 per cent of refugee\nchildren in Uganda and 34 per cent of local children in refugee-hosting districts remain out of school.\nWhile Uganda has both Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary Education (USE), the\nnumber of USE schools in the country is limited.\n\n\n**4.2** **Healthcare**\n\n\nAccess to health for refugees is implied in the 1995 Constitution and Section 28 of the Refugees Act,\n[which accord refugees rights to health care in line with international standards. The 2010 National Health](http://library.health.go.ug/publications/policy-documents/second-national-health-policy-2010)\n[Policy](http://library.health.go.ug/publications/policy-documents/second-national-health-policy-2010) focuses on health promotion, disease prevention and the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.\nIt prioritizes effective delivery of the Uganda National Minimum Health Care Package (UNMHCP), more\nefficient use of the available health resources and strengthening public and private partnerships for health\nand health systems.\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Education Management Information System", - "confidence": 0.9926186203956604, - "start": 471, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "computation of capitation grants and national indicator tracking", - "confidence": 0.5283470153808594, - "start": 486, - "end": 494 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "EMIS", - "confidence": 0.998965859413147, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.589017391204834, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9124511480331421, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.9630746245384216, - "start": 511, - "end": 513 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Access to National Public Services\n\n\nThe [2019\u20132024 Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan (HSIRRP) is the main document](https://health.go.ug/sites/default/files/Final%20HSIRRP%2031%20Jan%202019%20MASTER.pdf)\nimplementing these rights. It is designed to align closely with NDP II and the 2016\u20132020 Health Sector\nDevelopment Plan (HSDP) and facilitates the integration of refugees into the national health-care system.\nIt emphasizes the need to strengthen the Ministry of Health and the public health-care system so that they\ncan absorb the additional pressure of the refugee inflow. Implementation of HSIRRP is overseen by a\nmulti-stakeholder steering committee within the Ministry of Health and supported by a secretariat that\nreceives technical support from UNHCR.\n\n\nImplementation of HSIRRP is limited in practice. About 72 per cent of the health facilities in refugeehosting districts have been accredited by the Ministry of Health and coded by the Ministry of Finance,\nPlanning and Economic Development and efforts are under way to ensure that 90 per cent of the qualifying\nhealth facilities are accredited and coded by the end of 2022. This means that Ministry of Health provides\nmedicine and medical supplies, budgets for health workers in these health facilities and provides\noperational resources to run the health facilities. Effective integration of refugees into national health\nservices is affected by constraints in national capacity and resources i.e. these coded health facilities\nsuffer from inadequate health commodities, inadequate budgets for wages just like other health facilities\nin the country. Only 47 per cent of the medicine needs in the refugee-hosting districts are funded by\ngovernment and staffing level is at 67 per cent of the staffing norms. There is inadequate infrastructure at\nprimary, secondary and tertiary health facilities and insufficient financing for operational and maintenance\ncosts, medicines, medical supplies and ambulances. There are also challenges with referrals between\nhealth services at district, regional and national level, as well as capacity constraints in the district health\noffices as regards coordinating, delivering and monitoring inclusive health services.\n\n\nUganda does not yet have a National Health Insurance scheme. However, the Government is in the\nprocess of developing one. The draft proposal currently being discussed at political level considers and\nincorporates refugees and asylum-seekers as a vulnerable population that will benefit.\n\n\n**4.3** **Social protection**\n\n\n[Section 28 of the Refugees Act 2006, read in conjunction with the obligations of Uganda under the 1951](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html)\nConvention and other international instruments, grants refugees the right to social security at the same\nlevel as nationals, subject to regulatory limitations under national laws. The [2015 National Social Protection](https://socialprotection.go.ug/newwebsite2/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/National-Social-Protection-Policy-uganda.pdf)\n[Policy (NSPP)](https://socialprotection.go.ug/newwebsite2/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/National-Social-Protection-Policy-uganda.pdf) is intended to support vulnerable and excluded \u201ccitizens\u201d. While the [2016\u20132020 Social](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT-SECTOR-PLAN.pdf)\n[Development Sector Plan (SDSP) does not make this explicit reference, the policy basis for refugees\u2019](http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT-SECTOR-PLAN.pdf)\naccess to social protection programmes is not entirely clear as a consequence. However, the CRRF Action\nplan includes milestones for the inclusion of refugees in the next National Social Protection Policy, its\nProgramme Plan of Interventions and the next Social Development Sector Plan. The draft Jobs and\nLivelihoods Plan for Refugees and Host Communities that is being developed by the Ministry of Gender,\nLabour and Social Development (MoGLSD) also foresees refugee access to the social protection\ninterventions proposed by this Plan.\n\n\nIn practice, there are a few Government social protection programmes and interventions that formally\ninclude refugees. For example, the [Uganda Development Response to Displacement Project (DRDIP)](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/512841532690959822/pdf/Uganda-DRDIP-Final-ESMF-July-24-2018.pdf)\n[Additional Financing, financed by the World Bank, included refugees in activities creating employment](http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/512841532690959822/pdf/Uganda-DRDIP-Final-ESMF-July-24-2018.pdf)\nopportunities under the second Sustainable Environmental Management Component, in the form of public\nworks managed by MoGLSD. Refugees are also included in the Child Sensitive Social Protection\nProgramme in West Nile (by 2020, cash transfers to 37,000 refugee pregnant and lactating women and\nwomen with children under two years old) funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation\nAgency (SIDA), supported by the World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF and aligned with, but not\ndirectly part of, the government social protection system.\n\n\nThe Social Protection Development Partners Working Group (SPDG) is the main platform through which\ndevelopment partners interact with the government to develop the national social protection system. The\nSPDG 2020 Annual Workplan has a component dedicated to the humanitarian-social protection nexus.\nDiscussions on the gradual alignment of aid and social protection systems are taking place as part of this\n\n\n12 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\ncomponent, including implementation of the milestones for refugee inclusion in national social protection\nsystems, as set out in the CRRF Action plan.\n\n\n**4.4** **Protection for vulnerable groups**\n\n\nUganda has a range of policies, standards and services for the protection of children, including\nunaccompanied and separated children and Ugandan nationals who are victims of trafficking in persons,\nsurvivors of GBV or have other special needs. The [Refugees Act 2006](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b7baba52.html) and its [2010 Regulations, in](https://www.refworld.org/docid/544e4f154.html)\nconjunction with non-discrimination clauses in the 1995 Constitution and relevant international instruments,\napplies these protections to refugees in the same situation.\n\n\nAccess to relevant services is limited for both nationals and refugees because of shortcomings in policies\nas well as their implementation. The draft National Child Policy specifically notes that refugee children will\nbe included in all aspects of the policy and details the additional dangers to safety and wellbeing that\nrefugee children may face, as well as their access challenges regarding Ugandan childcare and protection\nservices. Uganda has finalized the National Framework for Alternative Care, which explicitly mentions\nrefugee children and highlights their specific protection and care needs, but challenges remain in terms\nof implementation. On the other hand, community-based alternative care is more accessible to refugee\nchildren than to national children. Similarly, there are laws and policies to protect victims of trafficking in\npersons, but implementation is weak. See section 2.5 for GBV-related policies and implementation\nchallenges.\n\n### **5 Cross Sectors**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.1** **Gender**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to gender in\nthe majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment (which are challenges equally affecting Ugandan women and girls) are as follows:\n\n\ni. **the right to work and rights at work:** the lack of formal regulations on sexual harassment applying to\nemployers employing less than 25 staff creates significant risks of sexual harassment, considering that\nover 70 per cent of all businesses in Uganda are micro employing 2\u20135 persons. The poor working\nconditions many women face in informal employment;\n\n\nii. **housing, land and property rights:** the lack of legal protection for women and girls to inherit the\nacquired property of a deceased relative on an equal basis with men and boys;\n\n\n - The refugee numbers reported here do not fully match the numbers on the front page because demographic characteristics are not\navailable for all refugees (e.g., pre-registered refugees, etc.).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cross Sectors\n\n\niii. **education:** The lower school enrolment of refugee girls due to practical barriers as well as traditional\ngender norms that result in families prioritizing boys\u2019 education over girls\u2019; and\n\n\niv. **health care:** the more limited access to health services for women and girls, who face barriers to\naccess such as long distances to health facilities, long waiting times and time poverty due to domestic\nresponsibilities that are overwhelmingly assigned to them. While men and boys also face similar\nchallenges, they disproportionately affect women and girls due to the burden of domestic responsibilities\nplaced on them as well as for certain groups such as those who are pregnant or have young children.\n\n\n**5.2** **Social inclusion**\n\n\nThere are differences or restrictions in terms of policies and/or their implementation related to social\ninclusion in the majority of policy sub-dimensions. The most consequential ones in terms of socioeconomic\ndevelopment are as follows:\n\n\ni. **security of legal status**, the challenges faced by asylum-seekers and refugees in relation to diverse\nsexual orientation and gender identity;\n\n\nii. **access to civil registration and documentation**, the limited birth registration and certification for\nrefugee children born in Uganda due to significant delays in issuing such documents in remote\nlocations, a challenge similarly faced by nationals.\n\n\niii. **access to justice and security:** the challenges in the actual implementation of the laws and policies\nrelated to GBV.\n\n\niv. **protection for vulnerable groups:** the challenges for non-accompanied and separated refugee children\nto effectively access protection mechanisms in the national systems.\n\n\n14 R E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Annex\n\n### **Annex on Key International and Regional Instruments ratified** **or adhered to**\n## \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I)] \u2022 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol II)] \u2022 [African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, 1981] \u2022 [African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990] \u2022 [African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa]\n\n[(Kampala Convention), 2009](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html)\n## \u2022 [African Youth Charter, 2006] \u2022 [Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984]\n\n[[c Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), 1969]](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3ae6b36018&skip=0&query=Convention%20Governing%20Specific%20Aspects%20of%20Refugee%20Problems%20in%20Africa%20,%201969)\n## \u2022 [Convention Governing Specif] \u2022 [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2007] \u2022 [Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989] \u2022 [Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951][1][ (][Ratification date: 27 Sep 1976)] \u2022 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954] \u2022 [Djibouti Declaration on Refugee Education, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons of 1949] \u2022 [ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No 105)] \u2022 [ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No 111)] \u2022 [ILO Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No 122)] \u2022 [ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No 100)] \u2022 [ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No 29)] \u2022 [ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,1948 (No 87)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No 129)] \u2022 [ILO Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No 81)][2] \u2022 [ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)] \u2022 [ILO Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No 98)] \u2022 [ILO Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No 144), 1976] \u2022 [ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No 182)] \u2022 [International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965] \u2022 [International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their]\n\n[Families, 199](https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=3b00f2391c&skip=0&query=%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20All%20Migrant%20Workers%20and%20Members%20of%20Their%20Families) ~~0~~ [3]\n## \u2022 [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966] \u2022 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966] \u2022 [Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-reliance, 2019 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Nairobi Declaration on Somali Refugees, 2017 (International Instrument)] \u2022 [Protocol relating to the status of refugees, 1967] \u2022 [Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 2003] \u2022 [UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960]\n\n\n**Reservations/declarations:**\n1 Article 7 (exemption from reciprocity); Article 8 (exemption from exceptional measures); Article 9 (provisional measures);\nArticle 13 (movable and immovable property); Article 15 (right of association); Article 16 (access to courts); Article 17 (wageearning employment); Article 25 (administrative assistance); Article 32 (expulsion).\n2 Part II, Articles 22-24 (labour inspection in commerce).\n3 Article 18(3)(d) (due process safeguards in criminal cases).\n\n\nR E F U G E E P O L I C Y R E V I E W F R A M E W O R K - C O U N T R Y S U M M A R Y > **U G A N D A** 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d309cf8-4938-3cc4-9032-c9aa5e96fe90/Uganda%20-%20Refugee%20Policy%20Review.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_728/raw/doc_728_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_728/raw/doc_728_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8c6e6a704ad0d7f4df6765e1b2cf33accdac0a82..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_728/raw/doc_728_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,372 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# UGANDA POLICY BRIEF\n\n**TARGETING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES TO PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS**\n\nUSING SOCIOECONOMIC EVIDENCE TO DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR REFUGEES IN\nUGANDAN SETTLEMENTS\n\n**SUMMARY**\n\n**\u2022** Refugees with specific needs and vulnerabilities require specialized support and interventions to\nboost their resilience. Referred to as Persons with Specific Needs, these refugees include\nsurvivors of violence, older and disabled persons, and unaccompanied minors, to name a few\ncategories.\n\n**\u2022** Using vulnerability assessment and household data of refugees in Uganda, researchers examined\nwhether refugee households with persons with specific needs are more economically vulnerable,\nand consequently, need greater financial and employment-related assistance.\n\n**\u2022** We find that refugee households with persons with specific needs spent on average 23 percent\nless on food and 18 percent less on non-food items. Overall, their household spending is 22\npercent less than households without persons with of specific needs.\n\n**\u2022** Further, when disaggregated by the main categories of specific needs, single-parent households\nas well as households with members who have health-related problems are the two groups that\nface the highest economic vulnerability.\n\n**\u2022** Households with persons with specific needs are also more likely to have a higher dependency\nratio than other households, providing one possible explanation of their pronounced vulnerability.\n\n\n\n**Background**\n\nRefugees with specific needs, including\nsurvivors of violence, older persons or persons\nwith disability, and unaccompanied minors face\nrisks that if not identified and addressed, can\nhave serious, even life-threatening\nconsequences for their physical and\npsychological wellbeing. One possible\nexplanation of this heightened vulnerability\nfacing persons with specific needs and their\nhouseholds is these households might have\nfewer working members. Consequently, they\nmight have a lower household income.\n\n\nUNHCR advocates for a greater awareness of\nthese needs with the aim of ensuring that\nrefugees of all backgrounds can access\nprogrammes and assistance to boost their\nresilience. In order to provide assistance and\nprotection that address these needs, UNHCR\n\n\n\ncategorizes these individuals into groups and\nprovides support accordingly. [1]\n\n\nAmong non-refugee populations, research\nsuggests households with these individuals tend\nto be more economically vulnerable. Less\nestablished is whether refugee households with\nthese individuals are also economically more\nvulnerable; and if so, what are the implications\nfor policy as well as assistance programmes.\n\n\nUsing data from a recent Uganda Vulnerability\nand Essential Needs Assessment household\nsurvey, the authors of this brief examined the\neconomic vulnerability of refugee households\nwith persons with specific needs.\n\n\nWith over 1.4 million refugees, Uganda is the\nthird largest refugee-hosting nation globally.\nMost refugees in Uganda hail from South Sudan\n(62 percent), the Democratic Republic of Congo\n\n\n\n[1 See https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/125333/identifying-persons-with-specific-needs and](https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/125333/identifying-persons-with-specific-needs)\n[https://www.unhcr.org/lb/persons-with-specific-needs](https://www.unhcr.org/lb/persons-with-specific-needs)\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability assessment", - "confidence": 0.9650536179542542, - "start": 89, - "end": 91 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.8676666617393494, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.8047332167625427, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household data of refugees", - "confidence": 0.5059329271316528, - "start": 92, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UGANDA", - "confidence": 0.9051894545555115, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.7680885195732117, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Uganda Vulnerability\nand Essential Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8393339514732361, - "start": 437, - "end": 443 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "household\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.950149655342102, - "start": 443, - "end": 445 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9872881174087524, - "start": 437, - "end": 438 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(DRC) (29 percent), Burundi (3 percent) and\nSomalia (3 percent). The Government of\nUganda has a generous policy toward refugees\nthat among other benefits, provide land for\nfarming and housing.\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThis policy brief uses cross-sectional household\ndata from the Vulnerability and Essential Needs\nAssessment survey. The survey sampled 5,017\nrefugee households distributed geographically\nacross the primary hosting regions in Uganda\nand identified groups of persons with specific\nneeds who may face heightened risks. The\n\n\n\nsurvey is representative of the refugee\nsettlement-based population in Uganda.\nEconomic well-being and vulnerability can be\nmeasured in many different ways. In this note,\neconomic vulnerability is measured by food,\nnon-food, or overall expenditure per capita.\n\n\nAmong the refugee populations in Uganda, the\nmost common specific needs categories [2] are\nolder persons at risk (12 percent), disability (10.5\npercent), unaccompanied or separated child\n(10.3 percent), those with serious medical\nconditions (8.6 percent), and single parents (6.5\npercent) (Figure 1).\n\n\n\n_**Figure 1: Incidence of specific needs. Categories**_\n_**(Percent of Total Households with Persons with Specific Needs)**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Main Findings**\n\n**Households with at least one member who is**\n**a person with specific needs spent less on**\n**food, non-food and overall expenditure than**\n**households** **without** **these** **individuals**\n**(Figure 2).** Consumption and expenditure are\nthe most widely used methods of measuring\npoverty and vulnerability and are used by the\nUganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) in its\n\n\n\nnational statistics. In the following sections,\nhouseholds with at least one member having\nspecific needs are labelled \u201cPSN households\u201d,\nwhile households without are named \u201cNon-PSN\nhouseholds\u201d. All indicators are expressed in\nmonthly expenditure per capita, meaning the\naverage monthly expenditure per household\nmember. [3]\n\n\n\n2 Persons with specific needs vary by refugee population in Uganda. The full list includes: unaccompanied and separated\nchildren, children at risk, children in foster care, child heads of household, single women at risk, women at risk, women\nwith difficult pregnancy, lactating mothers, older people, chronic illness, critical medical conditions, physical or medical\ndisability, impairment (speech, visual, or hearing), torture, single parent, or family unity.\n3 It was not possible to do adult age equivalent due to data limitations.\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability and Essential Needs\nAssessment survey", - "confidence": 0.995900571346283, - "start": 56, - "end": 62 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "cross-sectional household\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9219132661819458, - "start": 51, - "end": 54 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9100720286369324, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.6751548051834106, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.944181501865387, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national statistics", - "confidence": 0.9820651412010193, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "methods of measuring\npoverty and vulnerability", - "confidence": 0.6470332741737366, - "start": 318, - "end": 324 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9698559641838074, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8829999566078186, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Figure 2: Expenditure per capita, household with and without PSNs**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Food expenditure.**_ Notably in Uganda at the\ntime of this survey, WFP and partners provided\nuniversal food assistance either in kind or cash\nto refugees in settlements with an average of\n31,000 Ugandan Shillings per person per month\n(equivalent to about 8.50 USD per person per\nmonth). Food expenditure was measured to\ncapture the amount households spent above\nand beyond the universal food assistance\nprograms. We find that households without\nPSNs spent on average 30 percent more than\nthose with PSNs on food (p>0.01). The mean\nmonthly household food expenditure per capita\nwas 5,794 Ugandan Shillings or approximately\n1.57 USD for Non-PSN households, while\nhouseholds with PSNs spent 4,442 Ugandan\nShillings on average, or approximately 1.20\nUSD.\n\n\n_**Non-food**_ _**expenditure.**_ On average,\nhouseholds without PSNs spent 21 percent\nmore than households with PSNs on non-food\nexpenditure (3,576 Ugandan Shillings or 0.97\nUSD vs 2,946 Ugandan Shillings or 0.80 USD).\n\n\n_**Overall expenditure**_ **.** After combining food,\nnon-food expenditure, own consumption as well\nas savings, households without PSNs spent 27\npercent more than PSN households (8,706\nUgandan Shillings or 2.36 USD per capita versus\n\n\n\n6,820 Ugandan Shillings or 1.85 USD per capita\n(p>0.01)).\n\n\n**Refugee single parent households face**\n**greater economic vulnerability.** A number of\nauthors have recognized that single-parent\nfamilies are more likely to experience poverty or\nvulnerability (Lu et al. 2020; Huang 2000) across\ncountries in the world. The vulnerability and\nassessment survey data similarly suggest that\nrefugee single-parent households are spending\nless on food, non-food, and overall expenditure\nthan households with two parents. Indeed, they\nspent 37 percent less on food, 41 percent less\non non-food expenditure, and 45 percent less in\noverall expenditure.\n\n\n**Refugee households with members facing**\n**health** **issues** **are** **more** **economically**\n**vulnerable.** Health problems involve direct\nexpenditures that include medical costs like\nhospitalization and outpatient treatment, drugs\nand medical supplies. They also involve indirect\ncosts including the inability to work, the loss of\nproductive labour time and earnings of patients\nas well as caregivers. A health shock is the most\ncommon shock to individuals that affects\nhousehold welfare and vulnerability, and is the\nmost important reason for descent of\nhouseholds into poverty in developing countries\n(Krishna 2007; Dhanaraj 2014).\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Food expenditure", - "confidence": 0.694561779499054, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9608105421066284, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5078229904174805, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability and\nassessment survey data", - "confidence": 0.9981375932693481, - "start": 348, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8044141530990601, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee single-parent households", - "confidence": 0.9813769459724426, - "start": 356, - "end": 359 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The survey data indicates that refugee\nhouseholds with members with health-related\nissues (or specific needs related to health) are\nmore economically vulnerable than others in\nUganda. Indeed, they spent 26 percent less on\nfood and 24 percent less overall relative to those\nhouseholds without members with health-related\nissues.\n\n\n**Also, more economically vulnerable are**\n**households with members who have an**\n**impairment.** Households with individuals with\neither hearing, visual, or speech impairments\nspent 45 percent less on food, 27 percent less\non non-food items, and 41 percent less on\noverall expenditure. For students, these\nimpairments may have significant impact on\neducational progress. They can also prevent\nworking age individuals from entering the labour\nmarket and/or earning the same wages as those\nwithout these disabilities. Evidence in\ndeveloping countries suggests that\nsocioeconomic vulnerability and disability\nprevalence are positively correlated (Filmer\n2008; Yeo and Moore 2003; Elwan 1999).\n\n\n**Households that have children who are**\n**unaccompanied or separated from their**\n**parents are more economically vulnerable.**\nHouseholds without unaccompanied or\nseparated children spent 20 percent more on\nfood expenditure than households with\nunaccompanied or separated child (3,494\nUgandan Shillings or 1.48 USD vs 2,791\nUgandan Shillings or 1.18 USD versus). In terms\nof overall expenditure, households without\nunaccompanied or separated children spent 88\npercent more than households with\nunaccompanied or separated child (2.24 USD\nvs. 1.19 USD). All the differences are statistically\nsignificant at 1 percent level.\n\n\n\n**There is no evidence that households with**\n**older** **people** **are** **more** **economically**\n**vulnerable.** Literature in developing countries\nfinds that households with older individuals\nconsume less and are more likely to be poor\n(Duflo 2003; A. Deaton and Paxson 1995; A. S.\nDeaton and Paxson 1998).\n\n\nIn a recent meta review on the topic of poverty,\nstudies found evidence of a decline in economic\nopportunity with age and showed that household\nwelfare decreases with age (Barrientos,\nGorman, and Heslop 2003). Given this evidence,\nthe authors of this brief investigated this but\nfound no statistical difference for overall\nconsumption between households with older\npeople and households without.\n\n\n**Why might PSN households be more**\n**economically** **vulnerable?** **Higher**\n**dependency ratio is a possible explanation.**\nThere are different types of specific needs.\nSome include disability and impairments that\ncould prevent or hinder working-age individuals\nfrom working or engaging in income-generating\nactivities. Within households, these individuals\nare economically dependent, and contribute to\nraising the dependency ratio.\n\n\nRecent studies indicate that the number of\nworking household members, as well as the\ndependency ratio, affect household welfare.\nSeveral studies find that households with higher\ndependency ratio experienced lower welfare and\nhigher poverty (Chen and Wang 2015; Biyase\nand Zwane 2018).\n\n\nComparing across dependency ratios, we find\nthat households with PSNs have a higher\ndependency ratio (2.66) than households\nwithout (2.18) (Table 1, and the difference is\nstatistically significant at 1 percent).\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey data", - "confidence": 0.9954987168312073, - "start": 1, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5536786317825317, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.915334939956665, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9576919674873352, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Table 1: Dependency Ratio, by households with and without PSNs**_\n\nNon-PSNs PSNs T-test\n\nMean N Obs. HH size Mean N Obs. HH size Two-sided value\nPSN31 2.2 3146 6.0 2.7 2232 6.8 0.00\n\nChild. At risk 2.4 5232 6.3 3.0 146 7.2 0.00\n\n\n\nUnaccompanied and\nseparated child\n\n\n\n2.3 4845 6.2 3.08 533 7.6 0.00\n\n\n\nWomen at risk 2.3 5162 6.3 2.93 216 7.4 0.00\n\nOlder persons 2.3 4904 6.4 2.81 474 6.0 0.00\n\nSingle Parent 2.3 4973 6.3 3.26 405 7.4 0.00\n\nDisability 2.39 4777 6.29 2.24 601 7.03 0.11\n\n\n\nSerious Medical\nConditions\n\n\n\n2.38 4858 6.25 2.33 520 7.70 0.58\n\n\n\n**Even after controlling for differences across**\n**households** **with** **and** **without** **PSNs,**\n**households** **with** **PSNs** **are** **more**\n**economically vulnerable.** In this section, we\ntest different socioeconomic factors that\ninfluence economic vulnerability using\nregression models. We use overall consumption\nexpenditure per capita to proxy for economic\nvulnerability.\n\n\nLet us assume that the welfare indicator is a\nfunction of household and individual\ncharacteristics ( \ud835\udc99\ud835\udc99\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b ):\n\n\n\n\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23 = \ud835\udec3\ud835\udec3\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23 + \ud835\udec6\ud835\udec6\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc23\n\n\nwhere \ud835\udc9a\ud835\udc9a\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is the economic vulnerability indicator\n(overall consumption expenditure per capita per\nmonth), \ud835\udf37\ud835\udf37\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is a vector of parameters, and \ud835\udf3a\ud835\udf3a\ud835\udc8b\ud835\udc8b is\nthe idiosyncratic error term.\n\n\nTable 2 presents OLS results of the economic\nvulnerability model. Column (1) presents the\nOLS regression estimates.\n\n\n\n_**Table 2: Estimation results**_\n\n\nOLS regression\n\nHH Has a PSN member -0.07*\n\nHH size -0.23***\n\nHH crowding index -0.08***\n\nFood security index 0.02***\n\nOther control variables\n\nHousing type Yes\n\nSource for cooking and sanitation Yes\n\nAsset and animal ownership Yes\n\nLocation Yes\n\n\n\nThe coefficients explain how much the economic\nvulnerability is expected to increase (if the\ncoefficient is negative than consumption\nexpenditure per capita is lower) or decrease (if\nthe coefficient is positive than consumption\nexpenditure per capita is higher) when that\nvariable increases by one, holding all the other\nindependent variables constant.\n\n\n\nIn line with previous studies, some variables\nhave the expected effect on economic\nvulnerability. The household size affects the\neconomic vulnerability, where the higher the\nhousehold size, the more economically\nvulnerable the household is. Vulnerability is also\nclosely linked to asset ownership where assets\nincluding livestock, phone, motorbike, and\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "lower economic vulnerability. Indeed, the more\nassets a household has, the less vulnerable they\nare (Oluwatayo and Babalola 2020). The\nhousing type does not so much determine the\nhousehold economic vulnerability. This is likely\ndue to refugee housing stock being fairly uniform\nin refugee settlements due to all refugees\nreceiving common shelter supplies.\n\n\nImportantly, and in line with the above\ndescriptive analysis, the regression results\nconfirm that refugee households with persons\nwith specific needs are more economically\nvulnerable than other refugee households.\n\n\n**Conclusion and Implications**\n\nRefugees with specific needs face heightened\nrisks. UNHCR proactively identifies and supports\nthem with protection or assistance interventions\nto reduce the risk of lasting physical and\npsychological harm. Further, using recent data\nfrom a vulnerability and needs assessment\nsurvey, the authors of this brief found that\nhouseholds with members who have specific\nneeds also face higher risk of economic\ndifficulties.\n\n\nAmong refugee households in Uganda,\nhouseholds with members who have specific\nneeds spent 23 precent less on food related\nitems, 18 percent less on non-food items, and 22\npercent less in overall expenditure. Further,\nsingle-parent households as well as households\nwith members who have health-related problems\nface the highest economic vulnerability among\nrefugee households.\n\n\n**Bibliography**\n\n\n\nvulnerability facing persons with specific needs\nand their households is these households have\nfewer working members. Consequently, they\nhave a lower household income.\n\n\nThe economic vulnerability exists even after the\ndistribution of targeted assistance to persons\nwith specific needs and their households.\nWithout targeted assistance, the gap between\nhouseholds with and without persons with\nspecific needs is likely to grow even larger.\n\n\n**Assistance interventions should ensure**\n**protection of persons with specific needs in**\n**line with their vulnerabilities.** Cash and food\nassistance programmes should consider the\nnumber of persons with specific needs in\nhouseholds, particularly if there is disability that\nlimits the ability of working-age persons from\nworking or finding employment. Jobs or\nentrepreneurship programmes could identify\nopportunities suitable for individuals with\nphysical impairment who have the right skillsset.\n\n\n**Investing in human capital and skills for**\n**persons with specific needs will build their**\n**resilience and self-reliance.** Among children\nand adults, persons with specific need will likely\nbenefit from specialized training to be able to\nperform daily tasks or develop the skills to find\nsustainable employment. Investing in these\nindividuals will not only improve their overall\nwellbeing but also improve their ability to support\ntheir livelihoods now or in the future.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability and needs assessment\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.9827594757080078, - "start": 137, - "end": 142 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7650286555290222, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9242605566978455, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9863789081573486, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_This brief was authored by Theresa Beltramo, Jed Fix and Ibrahima Sarr, UNHCR in collaboration with_\n_the UNHCR Uganda team. The opinions expressed herein are the authors\u2019 own. They do not_\n_necessarily represent the views of UNHCR_ .\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36f13043-d931-3d8d-bfb6-32fe86c48c34/Uganda%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Targeting%20assistance%20programmes%20to%20persons%20with%20specific%20needs%20-%20April%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_729/raw/doc_729_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_729/raw/doc_729_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 09a8ca35a7835e65b9ce7623cd487df3b505cbc4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_729/raw/doc_729_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Key Figures**\n###### **REFUGEES IN NEED**\n\n(by end 2017)\n### **1,497,126**\n\n###### **EXPECTED new**\n\n**INFLUX in 2017**\n### **520,000**\n\n##### **__________________**\n\n**REQUIREMENTS**\n(IN U$D)\n\n### **960.17 MILLION**\n###### **TOTAL**\n\n# **673.19 MILLION**\n###### **SOUTH SUDAN RRP**\n\n#### **215.33 MILLION**\n###### **DRC RRP**\n\n#### **71.64 MILLION**\n###### **BURUNDI RRP**\n\n\n## **UGANDA: 2017 Refugee Humanitarian** **Needs Overview**\n\nSouth Sudan, Burundi and DRC Refugee Response\nPlans\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REFUGEES IN NEED", - "confidence": 0.7172908782958984, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7894912362098694, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7798146605491638, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7379521727561951, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SOUTH SUDAN \u2013 UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nSince July 2016, the South Sudan refugee emergency situation in Uganda has dramatically\npeaked. The country has received a historic single largest refugee influx from South Sudan\nwith a total of 674,033 new refugee arrivals in Uganda in 2016 until the end of March 2017.\nMost of these refugees have fled to Uganda over the past nine months. The South Sudan\nrefugee population hosted by Uganda has more than tripled in comparison with the end-2015\npopulation, reaching a total of 898,864 South Sudan refugees in the country as of April 2017,\nverification ongoing.\n\n\nDespite a relative slowdown of the influx in December 2016, during the first three months of\n2017 refugee arrivals have been higher than anticipated than during the initial planning. From\nJanuary to March 2017, Uganda received 181,170 new arrivals. This represents more than\nhalf of the initial 2017 influx planning figure of 300,000 refugees. The RRP has therefore been\nrevised with a new 2017 influx planning figure agreed upon with all partners of 400,000\nrefugees, representing a 100,000 (or 33 per cent) increase. As a result, a total of 1,025,000\nSouth Sudanese refugees are expected by 31 December 2017.\n\n\nIn view of the continued mass influx and the existing vast settlements opened under\nemergency conditions, the main priorities of the South Sudan refugee response in Uganda\nare:\n\n\n1. Life-saving protection and multi-sector humanitarian response for newly arriving\n\nrefugees, including the emergency opening of at least three to four additional refugee\nsettlement areas;\n2. Stabilisation of the seven new settlement areas opened over the past nine months, in\n\nparticular with regard to water and sanitation, as well as health and education facilities;\nestablishment of child protection and SGBV prevention and response mechanisms\n3. Livelihood support to reduce aid dependency and to fulfil the potential of Uganda\u2019s good\n\npractice refugee policy;\n4. Environmental protection and mitigation measures in refugee hosting areas;\n\nIncreased host community support in refugee hosting areas to reduce the burden on the\nhost community, in particular by advocacy for the engagement of development actors\nthrough the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), and the Refugee and\nHost Population Empowerment (ReHoPE) approach, and the Government Settlement\nTransformative Agenda (STA).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RRP", - "confidence": 0.8367775678634644, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6257489919662476, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.869629442691803, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9503682851791382, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8828608989715576, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Sector** **Uganda**\n\n\nEducation 61,639,586\n\nHealth and Nutrition 108,951,880\n\nLogistics and Telecoms 16,944,897\n\nWASH 63,465,752\n\n\n**Total**\n**673,190,970**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "BURUNDI - UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nDespite not directly bordering Burundi, Uganda continues to receive an influx of Burundi\nrefugees. In 2016, this influx has been higher than initially anticipated, but declined since May\n2016. On average some 30 Burundi refugees entered Uganda per day in September 2016, or\n937 per month. In 2017, it is expected that Uganda will continue to receive a steady trickle of\nBurundi refugee arrivals of up to 20,000 new refugees, unless significant changes take place\neither in Burundi, or in countries of passage to Uganda such as Tanzania, Rwanda and the\nDRC.\n\n\nBurundi refugees enter Uganda mainly through Rwanda and Tanzania, and in smaller\nnumbers through DRC. The main border entry points in Uganda are Mirama Hills, Mutukula\nand Bunagana. Refugees are mainly settled in Nakivale settlement, but also in urban areas.\nArrival numbers have peaked in March 2016.\nThe response operation is coping with the continued influx, but faces two main challenges.\nFirst, the new settlement areas in Nakivale settlement allocated to new arrivals from Burundi\nare very remote and under-developed. This is mainly due to the fact that Nakivale\nsettlement, hosting some 124,842 refugees from multiple countries as of March 2017, is\nslowly reaching its maximum capacity.\nThe impact is that basic life-saving services are often far away from new settlement plots,\nrequiring the operation to establish new service infrastructure, depending on available\nfunding. Secondly, Nakivale is simultaneously receiving new refugee arrivals from different\ncountries of origin, in particular from DRC. This puts increasing pressure on the reception\nfacilities and basic services in the settlement.\n\n\n**#** **Sector** **2017 Total USD**\n\n\n|1|Logistics and Telecommunications|3,361,622|\n|---|---|---|\n|2|Protection|5,360,258|\n|3|Operational Support|5,488,426|\n|4|Food|6,444,481|\n|5|Education|6,820,404|\n|6|Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
(WASH)|7,742,365|\n|7|Livelihoods|8,803,939|\n|8|Health and Nutrition|9,152,532|\n|9|Shelter and Non-Food Items|18,468,787|\n||**Total**|** 71,642,814**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DRC - UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nThe influx from the DRC to Uganda has been continuous since 2014, albeit in lower scale than\nthe South Sudan influx. Refugees arrive mainly from North Kivu through various border points\nalong the South-western border. In 2016 alone, Uganda received almost 40,000 new DRC\nrefugees. Refugees cite militia activities, general insecurity and harassment as the main\nreasons for flight. As of April 2017, Uganda hosts 227,413 DRC refugees.\n\n\nUnless dramatic events occur in Eastern DRC, it is anticipated that some 60,000 new DRC\nrefugees will flee to Uganda in 2017. UNHCR maintains two transit centres and three\nreception centres to receive Congolese refugees, who are currently mainly settled in\nRwamanja settlement. Kyaka II and Kiryandongo are contingency settlements for refugees\nfrom the DRC.\n\n\nThe main priorities of the DRC RRP are to provide life-saving protection and emergency\nassistance to newly arriving refugees, stabilise the situation in all settlements currently\nhosting DRC refugees (Rwamanja, Nakivale, Kyaka II, Kyangwali), provide support to DRC\nrefugees (and other nationalities) in urban areas, and to maintain a high level of emergency\npreparedness in case the refugee influx rate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2017 Total**\n**#** **Sector**\n\n**USD**\n1 Protection 36,277,742\n2 Education 19,501,853\n3 Food 35,214,705\n4 Health and Nutrition 46,118,922\n5 Livelihoods 20,599,406\n6 Operational Support 19,833,903\n7 Logistics and Telecommunications 3,634,030\n8 Shelter and Non-Food Items 19,931,415\n9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 14,222,486\n\n\n**Total**\n**215,334,462**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PARTNERS\n\n\nThe Uganda Office of the Prime Minister (OPM, Refugee Department) and UNHCR facilitate\ninter-agency planning, coordination, implementation, and of the overall response to the\nrefugee emergency situation in Uganda. At the field level, the District Local Governments\nform part of the response, working closely with UN and NGO partners supplementing\ngovernmental efforts. The South Sudan refugee response in Uganda includes 61 partners, of\nwhich the Government of Uganda\u2019s Refugee Department of the Office of the Prime Minister,\n6 District Local Governments (DLGs), 9 UN agencies (FAO, IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR,\nUNICEF, UN Women, WFP, and WHO), and 43 NGOs, including the following:\n\n\nAction African Help (AAH), Association for Aid and Relief, Japan (AAR Japan), Action Against\nHunger (ACF), Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Africa Development Corps\n(ADC), African Initiatives for Relief and Development (AIRD), African Medical and Research\nFoundation (AMREF), Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development (ACORD),\nAmerican Refugee Committee (ARC), Care International (CARE Int.), Caritas (Caritas),\nCommunity Empowerment for Rural Development (CEFORD), Concern World Wide (CWW),\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC), Finnish Refugee Council (FRC), Food for the Hungry (FH),\nHelpAge International (HelpAge), Interaid Uganda (IAU), International Aid Services (IAS),\nInternational Rescue Committee (IRC), Intersos, Lutheran World Federation (LWF), Malteser\nInternational (MI), M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF), Medical Teams International (MTI),\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Obadiah Brothers Canada (OBK), Oxfam (OXFAM), Plan\nInternational Uganda (PLAN), Rural Initiative for Community Empowerment (RICE), Real\nMedicine Foundation (RMF), Samaritan's Purse (SP), Save the Children (SCI), Touch Africa\n(TAN), Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Trauma Counselling (TUTAPONA),\nUgandan Red Cross Society (URCS), Ugandan Refugee and Disaster Management Council\n(URDMC), War Child Canada (WCC), War Child Holand (WCH), Water Mission International\n(WMI), Welthungerhilfe (WHH), Windle Trust Uganda (WTU), World Vision International\n(WVI), ZOA- Uganda (ZOA), Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), Peter C. Alderman Foundation (PCAF),\nDanChurchAid (DCA), and Finn Church Aid (FCA).\n\n\nFor more information, please contact:\n\n\n[Jens Hesemann, UNHCR Senior Field Coordinator, email: hesemann@unhcr.org, mobile: +256 77 270 1011](mailto:hesemann@unhcr.org)\n\n\nNoha Khalifa, UNHCR Associate Information Management Officer, email : [khalifno@unhcr.org](mailto:khalifno@unhcr.org)\n\n\nOr visit the **Uganda Refugee Response Portal:** **[https://ugandarefugees.org](https://ugandarefugees.org/)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/418d1f16-5522-313f-8128-5193d9e2a5cb/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_73/raw/doc_73_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_73/raw/doc_73_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e117b6191e487100a3fc0d63a667540411b3c282..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_73/raw/doc_73_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Developing a Livelihoods Assessment and Strategy\n## Case Study from UNHCR Jordan\n\nAssessing refugee situations and developing strategies are crucial in ensuring a relevant, targeted, and\nefficient response. Livelihoods programmes are no exception, as they also require a thorough\nassessment involving communities, partners, and the local government and private sector. Not only\ndoes this provide us with vital information about the current condition of the region, but the process\nitself contributes to better programmes through increased ownership of all involved.\n\n\nLivelihoods may be defined as a combination of the resources used and the activities\nundertaken in order to live. Resources or assets include individual skills (human capital), land\n(natural capital), savings (financial capital), equipment (physical capital) as well as formal\nsupport groups and informal networks (social capital).\n\nDisplaced populations carry their knowledge, skills and life\u2019s experiences wherever they go.\nSome bring precious productive assets: their tools, working animals, or financial capital. For\nUNHCR, protecting refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced people (IDPs) also means\nprotecting their livelihoods, in other words, encouraging people to stay productive and to seize\nnew opportunities.\n\n\nAssessing livelihoods and developing a comprehensive strategy is time consuming and some\noperations do not have the resources to do so. Therefore, these operations often engage external\nconsultants with expertise in livelihoods issues to provide advice through a strategy document.\n\nUNHCR Jordan developed a quality strategy using their internal resources and networks. This is a story\nabout their experience and the lessons learnt in the process.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/263aa69b-faa0-3889-9c05-f9041a0cafa4/2F7661C28B5274E585257656005BD5F2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Background\nUNHCR's main focus in the Middle East includes ensuring that basic humanitarian needs of refugees\nand other people of concern are met; addressing gaps in the protection of refugees, asylum-seekers\nand others of concern; and addressing statelessness. Currently there are approximately 500,413 Iraqi\nrefugees and 685 asylum seekers residing in Jordan. In addition, there are 1,890 refugees and 759\nasylum seekers originating from Jordan [1] .\n\nThe UNHCR Jordan office is located in Amman, and has approximately 100 full-time staff members.\nThe office conducts core mandate activities on behalf of a few thousand refugees. This includes the\nregistration and individual refugee status determination (RSD), and the provision of basic\nhumanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable refugee families. UNHCR also seeks durable solutions,\nmostly through resettlement, for refugees in these countries.\n\nIn order to help poor families meet their basic needs, UNHCR Jordan has implemented a large cash\nassistance program, providing cash through an ATM card system. This form of assistance was\nnecessary because those families who have fled Iraq are extremely vulnerable, have no work permits,\nand are at risk of arrest and detention if they do work there illegally. The funding for cash assistance is\nmainly targeted at the poorest households and individuals, and will not be available indefinitely. It is\ncritical, then, that Iraqis who remain in Jordan for a prolonged period of time find a way to become\nself-sufficient.\n\nWhy Develop a Strategy?\nThe Iraqi refugee population in Jordan has come from various educational and societal backgrounds.\nMany had become very frustrated and suffer psychological distress due to the isolation and idleness\nthat they face. Many were asking for an opportunity to be involved in delivering services to the\nrefugee community (which also can be used as a method to enhance the community based\napproach [2] ), and many asked for opportunities to expand their existing skills and capacities.\n\nUNHCR Jordan decided to define a strategy to ensure that Iraqi refugees make a smooth transition\nfrom relying on humanitarian and financial assistance to becoming self-reliant. For the UNHCR team\nin Jordan, acquiring a solid understanding of people\u2019s existing livelihoods and of the barriers and\nopportunities they face was an imperative part of the process. Fortunately, the legal environment\nand procedures implemented to protect refugees were also showing signs of improvement.\n\nIn Jordan, many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) work on livelihoods activities. As it became\nmore apparent that various initiatives were taking place in isolation of one another, UNHCR Jordan\ndecided to step in and help coordinate all livelihoods activities in the region. To do this, they began by\ninvolving all the different actors in the assessment and planning process.\n\nHow to Develop a Strategy\nUNHCR Jordan formed a small team of four people consisting of international and national staff\nmembers from the programme, community services, and education sections. They immediately\ncontacted the livelihoods unit at UNHCR headquarters to ask for guidance and examples of livelihoods\nassessments and strategies from other countries.\n\nA small informal meeting was organised to discuss livelihoods issues in the region. Key implementing\npartners who were associated with livelihoods-related activities (such as vocational training and skills\ndevelopment) also attended. Livelihoods issues are rarely discussed at other meetings, and it was\nnecessary to know whether this issue was worth pursuing, what existing initiatives/resources can be\nutilised, and whether a common assessment and strategy would add value. The implementing\npartners were enthusiastic and UNHCR Jordan was consequently encouraged to further this project.\n\n\n1 www.unhcr.org\n2\nA community-based approached involves mobilizing individuals and communities and supporting them in their decisions\nabout how to cope with the upheaval, re-establish community structures and ensure that protection and solutions respect\nindividual rights. (Taken from \u2018A community based approach in UNHCR operations: Chapter 3\u2019 Legal publications, 1 January\n2008. Page 27)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/263aa69b-faa0-3889-9c05-f9041a0cafa4/2F7661C28B5274E585257656005BD5F2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A report template was developed based on the assessments and strategies done by other UNHCR\noffices. The work was then distributed based on the various interests and skills within the team. Each\nperson in the team was responsible for a few sections:\n\n - The Education Officer focussed on reviewing the current vocational training resources in the country.\n\n - The National Community Services Officer reviewed women\u2019s programs and conducted focus group\ndiscussions.\n\n - The Programme Officer prepared the sections on coordination, and created the mapping exercise.\n\n - The Community Services Officer gathered all inputs and made sure there was consistency throughout\nthe strategy.\n\nUNHCR staff visited existing livelihoods programmes and interviewed NGO staff about the successes\nand challenges of these programmes. Focus group discussions were conducted with women, men\nand refugee youth. This participatory approach was essential in defining what activities the refugees\nregarded as socially useful, and for designing tailor made activities which will match the full range of\ndifferent needs, competencies and ambitions. In addition, existing data and information from other\norganizations was reviewed, including household surveys, employment studies, and reports detailing\nthe country of origin and country of asylum.\n\nDuring this time, the livelihoods unit at UNHCR headquarters (DOS/OSTS) helped to answer questions\nand brainstorm ideas about livelihoods in Jordan. Although a mission from headquarters was not\nfeasible at the time, email exchanges and several long phone calls helped resolve a number of issues.\n\nOnce completed, the draft Livelihoods Assessment and Strategy document was circulated amongst\nthe implementing partners for final review and approval.\n\nShortly afterwards, a day-long workshop with the implementing partners, operational partners, and\nimportant donors took place to discuss the assessment findings and strategic directions. The\nworkshop involved short presentations of the findings followed by a discussion session. As the\ndocument was clearly supported by facts, the discussion focussed on issues that proved more\ncontentious, such as how to target beneficiaries for certain activities. Having a document already\nprepared helped centre the discussion around specific issues rather than general assumptions.\n\nAfter the workshop, all inputs were included in the Assessment and Strategy document, and it was\ncirculated amongst all the attendees.\n\nUNHCR Data Collection Software \u2013 proGres\nproGres is a world-wide standardised refugee registration processing system, designed to standardise\nthe data collection processes associated with refugee registration. Through proGres, refugees can be\nrecognized based on their age, gender, ethnicity, education background, skills, profession or special\nneeds.\n\nAccording to UNHCR Jordan, proGres added invaluable information. The team focused primarily on\ngenerating data about education levels and profession backgrounds. The data was then broken down\nby age and sex: adult males, adult females, female youth and male youth. The number of disabled\npeople and the dependency ratio (the number of people each working adult has to support) were also\ntaken into consideration as it is important to consider each individuals needs and how this impacts\ntheir livelihoods.\n\nTime Required for the Assessment and Planning Process\nUNHCR Jordan spent approximately three months on the Livelihoods Assessments and Strategy\nprocess and in producing the document. Two months were taken to prepare the draft for the\nworkshop, and inputs were being received up to a month after the workshop.\n\nDuring the first two months, the four team members worked approximately two days per week on the\nproject, but they spent slightly less time on it during the third month. It therefore took about 64 days\nof staff time to prepare the strategy, and a few more days to finalise it. Although this seems to be a\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household surveys", - "confidence": 0.9921964406967163, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8888465762138367, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "employment studies", - "confidence": 0.9234548807144165, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5206307172775269, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres", - "confidence": 0.6055878400802612, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5269347429275513, - "start": 455, - "end": 457 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9167630076408386, - "start": 430, - "end": 431 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "proGres", - "confidence": 0.7847809791564941, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Jordan", - "confidence": 0.9231081008911133, - "start": 455, - "end": 457 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/263aa69b-faa0-3889-9c05-f9041a0cafa4/2F7661C28B5274E585257656005BD5F2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "lot of time spent on the document, the time was not wasted because while conducting the\nassessment other ongoing projects could be monitored and a lot more was learned about the refugee\ncommunity.\n\nSince all the work was completed internally, additional budgeting was not necessary. The only extra\nexpenses (tea, coffee, biscuits) were made when organising the workshop and discussion forums.\n\nObstacles Faced\nMuch of the assessment was quite straightforward for UNHCR staff. They were already well aware\nhow to conduct participatory assessments (by previous interaction with refugees); how to monitor\nprograms; run focus group discussions; hold interviews with key people; and make site visits, as these\nwere just a continuation of their daily tasks.\n\nHowever, it was often difficult to find employment data or information on market trends, but due to\nsupport from the ILO, UNDP and World Bank websites, a number of resources were able to be\nobtained. On the other hand, it would have been helpful to have established links with real experts in\nthe field, particularly with those who understand the local context well.\n\nInitially it was a challenge to compile a comprehensive overview of the situation in Jordan because\nthere were already a number of existing programs and resources available. In the future this could\npotentially hinder coordination as information that has already been examined may be omitted, or\npre-existing information may be repeated.\n\nStrategy Follow-up\nThe follow-up actions will be coordinated by a livelihoods working group. The group will consist of all\nNGO actors who are currently involved with refugee livelihoods activities. There will also be a monthly\nmeeting held to discuss updates, lessons learned, and to ensure the smooth transfer of beneficiaries.\n\nUNHCR Jordan will be focusing on protection efforts for the right to work for various groups of\nrefugees. The upcoming participatory assessment (a process of building partnerships with refugees by\npromoting meaningful participation through structured dialogue) will focus on social capital, as staff\nknowledge in this area is limited. A microfinance project will also be developed and implemented as\nother partners are yet to have initiated such a project.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/263aa69b-faa0-3889-9c05-f9041a0cafa4/2F7661C28B5274E585257656005BD5F2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_730/raw/doc_730_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_730/raw/doc_730_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3fa6179570c4b0ee7cb9b3b279046fd48d632a6c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_730/raw/doc_730_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Key Figures**\n###### **REFUGEES IN NEED**\n\n(by end 2017)\n### **1,497,126**\n\n###### **EXPECTED new**\n\n**INFLUX in 2017**\n### **520,000**\n\n##### **__________________**\n\n**REQUIREMENTS**\n(IN U$D)\n\n### **960.17 MILLION**\n###### **TOTAL**\n\n# **673.19 MILLION**\n###### **SOUTH SUDAN RRP**\n\n#### **215.33 MILLION**\n###### **DRC RRP**\n\n#### **71.64 MILLION**\n###### **BURUNDI RRP**\n\n\n## **UGANDA: 2017 Refugee Humanitarian** **Needs Overview**\n\nSouth Sudan, Burundi and DRC Refugee Response\nPlans\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REFUGEES IN NEED", - "confidence": 0.7172908782958984, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7894912362098694, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7798146605491638, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7379521727561951, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SOUTH SUDAN \u2013 UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nSince July 2016, the South Sudan refugee emergency situation in Uganda has dramatically\npeaked. The country has received a historic single largest refugee influx from South Sudan\nwith a total of 674,033 new refugee arrivals in Uganda in 2016 until the end of March 2017.\nMost of these refugees have fled to Uganda over the past nine months. The South Sudan\nrefugee population hosted by Uganda has more than tripled in comparison with the end-2015\npopulation, reaching a total of 898,864 South Sudan refugees in the country as of April 2017,\nverification ongoing.\n\n\nDespite a relative slowdown of the influx in December 2016, during the first three months of\n2017 refugee arrivals have been higher than anticipated than during the initial planning. From\nJanuary to March 2017, Uganda received 181,170 new arrivals. This represents more than\nhalf of the initial 2017 influx planning figure of 300,000 refugees. The RRP has therefore been\nrevised with a new 2017 influx planning figure agreed upon with all partners of 400,000\nrefugees, representing a 100,000 (or 33 per cent) increase. As a result, a total of 1,025,000\nSouth Sudanese refugees are expected by 31 December 2017.\n\n\nIn view of the continued mass influx and the existing vast settlements opened under\nemergency conditions, the main priorities of the South Sudan refugee response in Uganda\nare:\n\n\n1. Life-saving protection and multi-sector humanitarian response for newly arriving\n\nrefugees, including the emergency opening of at least three to four additional refugee\nsettlement areas;\n2. Stabilisation of the seven new settlement areas opened over the past nine months, in\n\nparticular with regard to water and sanitation, as well as health and education facilities;\nestablishment of child protection and SGBV prevention and response mechanisms\n3. Livelihood support to reduce aid dependency and to fulfil the potential of Uganda\u2019s good\n\npractice refugee policy;\n4. Environmental protection and mitigation measures in refugee hosting areas;\n\nIncreased host community support in refugee hosting areas to reduce the burden on the\nhost community, in particular by advocacy for the engagement of development actors\nthrough the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), and the Refugee and\nHost Population Empowerment (ReHoPE) approach, and the Government Settlement\nTransformative Agenda (STA).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RRP", - "confidence": 0.8367775678634644, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6257489919662476, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.869629442691803, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9503682851791382, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8828608989715576, - "start": 172, - "end": 173 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Sector** **Uganda**\n\n\nEducation 61,639,586\n\nHealth and Nutrition 108,951,880\n\nLogistics and Telecoms 16,944,897\n\nWASH 63,465,752\n\n\n**Total**\n**673,190,970**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "BURUNDI - UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nDespite not directly bordering Burundi, Uganda continues to receive an influx of Burundi\nrefugees. In 2016, this influx has been higher than initially anticipated, but declined since May\n2016. On average some 30 Burundi refugees entered Uganda per day in September 2016, or\n937 per month. In 2017, it is expected that Uganda will continue to receive a steady trickle of\nBurundi refugee arrivals of up to 20,000 new refugees, unless significant changes take place\neither in Burundi, or in countries of passage to Uganda such as Tanzania, Rwanda and the\nDRC.\n\n\nBurundi refugees enter Uganda mainly through Rwanda and Tanzania, and in smaller\nnumbers through DRC. The main border entry points in Uganda are Mirama Hills, Mutukula\nand Bunagana. Refugees are mainly settled in Nakivale settlement, but also in urban areas.\nArrival numbers have peaked in March 2016.\nThe response operation is coping with the continued influx, but faces two main challenges.\nFirst, the new settlement areas in Nakivale settlement allocated to new arrivals from Burundi\nare very remote and under-developed. This is mainly due to the fact that Nakivale\nsettlement, hosting some 124,842 refugees from multiple countries as of March 2017, is\nslowly reaching its maximum capacity.\nThe impact is that basic life-saving services are often far away from new settlement plots,\nrequiring the operation to establish new service infrastructure, depending on available\nfunding. Secondly, Nakivale is simultaneously receiving new refugee arrivals from different\ncountries of origin, in particular from DRC. This puts increasing pressure on the reception\nfacilities and basic services in the settlement.\n\n\n**#** **Sector** **2017 Total USD**\n\n\n|1|Logistics and Telecommunications|3,361,622|\n|---|---|---|\n|2|Protection|5,360,258|\n|3|Operational Support|5,488,426|\n|4|Food|6,444,481|\n|5|Education|6,820,404|\n|6|Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
(WASH)|7,742,365|\n|7|Livelihoods|8,803,939|\n|8|Health and Nutrition|9,152,532|\n|9|Shelter and Non-Food Items|18,468,787|\n||**Total**|** 71,642,814**|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DRC - UGANDA REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN\n\n\nThe influx from the DRC to Uganda has been continuous since 2014, albeit in lower scale than\nthe South Sudan influx. Refugees arrive mainly from North Kivu through various border points\nalong the South-western border. In 2016 alone, Uganda received almost 40,000 new DRC\nrefugees. Refugees cite militia activities, general insecurity and harassment as the main\nreasons for flight. As of April 2017, Uganda hosts 227,413 DRC refugees.\n\n\nUnless dramatic events occur in Eastern DRC, it is anticipated that some 60,000 new DRC\nrefugees will flee to Uganda in 2017. UNHCR maintains two transit centres and three\nreception centres to receive Congolese refugees, who are currently mainly settled in\nRwamanja settlement. Kyaka II and Kiryandongo are contingency settlements for refugees\nfrom the DRC.\n\n\nThe main priorities of the DRC RRP are to provide life-saving protection and emergency\nassistance to newly arriving refugees, stabilise the situation in all settlements currently\nhosting DRC refugees (Rwamanja, Nakivale, Kyaka II, Kyangwali), provide support to DRC\nrefugees (and other nationalities) in urban areas, and to maintain a high level of emergency\npreparedness in case the refugee influx rate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2017 Total**\n**#** **Sector**\n\n**USD**\n1 Protection 36,277,742\n2 Education 19,501,853\n3 Food 35,214,705\n4 Health and Nutrition 46,118,922\n5 Livelihoods 20,599,406\n6 Operational Support 19,833,903\n7 Logistics and Telecommunications 3,634,030\n8 Shelter and Non-Food Items 19,931,415\n9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 14,222,486\n\n\n**Total**\n**215,334,462**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PARTNERS\n\n\nThe Uganda Office of the Prime Minister (OPM, Refugee Department) and UNHCR facilitate\ninter-agency planning, coordination, implementation, and of the overall response to the\nrefugee emergency situation in Uganda. At the field level, the District Local Governments\nform part of the response, working closely with UN and NGO partners supplementing\ngovernmental efforts. The South Sudan refugee response in Uganda includes 61 partners, of\nwhich the Government of Uganda\u2019s Refugee Department of the Office of the Prime Minister,\n6 District Local Governments (DLGs), 9 UN agencies (FAO, IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR,\nUNICEF, UN Women, WFP, and WHO), and 43 NGOs, including the following:\n\n\nAction African Help (AAH), Association for Aid and Relief, Japan (AAR Japan), Action Against\nHunger (ACF), Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Africa Development Corps\n(ADC), African Initiatives for Relief and Development (AIRD), African Medical and Research\nFoundation (AMREF), Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development (ACORD),\nAmerican Refugee Committee (ARC), Care International (CARE Int.), Caritas (Caritas),\nCommunity Empowerment for Rural Development (CEFORD), Concern World Wide (CWW),\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC), Finnish Refugee Council (FRC), Food for the Hungry (FH),\nHelpAge International (HelpAge), Interaid Uganda (IAU), International Aid Services (IAS),\nInternational Rescue Committee (IRC), Intersos, Lutheran World Federation (LWF), Malteser\nInternational (MI), M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF), Medical Teams International (MTI),\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Obadiah Brothers Canada (OBK), Oxfam (OXFAM), Plan\nInternational Uganda (PLAN), Rural Initiative for Community Empowerment (RICE), Real\nMedicine Foundation (RMF), Samaritan's Purse (SP), Save the Children (SCI), Touch Africa\n(TAN), Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Trauma Counselling (TUTAPONA),\nUgandan Red Cross Society (URCS), Ugandan Refugee and Disaster Management Council\n(URDMC), War Child Canada (WCC), War Child Holand (WCH), Water Mission International\n(WMI), Welthungerhilfe (WHH), Windle Trust Uganda (WTU), World Vision International\n(WVI), ZOA- Uganda (ZOA), Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), Peter C. Alderman Foundation (PCAF),\nDanChurchAid (DCA), and Finn Church Aid (FCA).\n\n\nFor more information, please contact:\n\n\n[Jens Hesemann, UNHCR Senior Field Coordinator, email: hesemann@unhcr.org, mobile: +256 77 270 1011](mailto:hesemann@unhcr.org)\n\n\nNoha Khalifa, UNHCR Associate Information Management Officer, email : [khalifno@unhcr.org](mailto:khalifno@unhcr.org)\n\n\nOr visit the **Uganda Refugee Response Portal:** **[https://ugandarefugees.org](https://ugandarefugees.org/)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5d69be2-f898-353e-952f-09f143f2f6d6/Uganda%20Ref%20Hum%20Needs%20Overview%20-%20full%20version%20FIN2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_731/raw/doc_731_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_731/raw/doc_731_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a4b706b45107f196d6ac1494fd877eb35d9898fc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_731/raw/doc_731_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,252 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **UNDERFUNDED REPORT**\n##### **SEPTEMBER 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **CONTENTS**\n\n###### **1 Introduction** **3 Funding levels for** **12 UNHCR operations** **5 Bangladesh** **9 Chad** **13 Colombia** **15 The Democratic Republic of the Congo** **17 Ethiopia** **21 Iraq** **25 Jordan** **29 Lebanon** **33 South Sudan** **35 Sudan**\n\n\n###### **37 Uganda** **39 Yemen**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Introduction**\n\n\n\n2022 has seen a huge increase in the number of\nforcibly displaced people around the world, largely\na result of the Russian Federation\u2019s invasion of\nUkraine. Ukrainians have received the kind of\nwelcome that should be accorded to all people\nforced to flee: access to safety and protection, and\nfreedom to travel, work and study, supported by a\ngreat surge of solidarity and generous funding from\npublic and private donors alike.\n\n\nHowever, conditions for forcibly displaced people\nelsewhere in the world have not improved. In fact,\nthe economic repercussions of the war in Ukraine\n\n- which are being felt in families across the world\nincluding in donor countries \u2013 have weighed\nheavily upon displaced communities, particularly in\nthe world\u2019s most forgotten situations. People who\nwere self-reliant before have had their reserves\nsapped by the COVID-19 pandemic, which added\nto their marginalization and increased the risk of\ndropping out of school, being forced into early\nmarriage or suffering gender-based violence. Now\nthe war in Ukraine has caused a global economic\nshock, disrupting supplies of food and fuel and\ndriving up prices. Food insecurity has worsened\nsignificantly, exacerbated by increasingly intense\nand frequent climate-related events, putting\nmillions on the brink of famine.\n\n\nAll these factors have combined to deepen the\nvulnerability and increase the numbers of forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless people around the world,\npushing UNHCR\u2019s needs-based budget above\n$10 billion for the first time. Donors have responded\nin a timely and generous fashion \u2013 to Ukraine\nespecially, but also to other emergencies. However,\nthere remains an urgent and sizeable gap between\nfunds available and the funds required to meet the\nmost urgent and essential needs of people who\nhave been forced from their homes, especially in\nthose crises that are far away from the spotlight.\n\n\nThe funding situation was already extremely tight\nat the start of 2022. In 2021, the underfunding\nrate had reached its highest since 2015, with the\nlargest funding gap ever in absolute terms. UNHCR\nhad been forced to make very tough prioritization\ndecisions. The people that UNHCR serves are\n\n\n\nalready forced to make heartbreaking choices such\nas whether to educate their child or buy medicine\nfor older parents. Nobody should be forced to\nchoose between equally life-saving priorities. Nine\nmonths into 2022, with even greater underfunding,\ngrowing vulnerability and unprecedented forced\ndisplacement, UNHCR needs the support of its\ndonors now to prevent even more costly and\nlong-lasting needs in the future. These exceptional\ncircumstances call for exceptional support.\n\n\nThis report looks at the funding situation of 12 of\nUNHCR\u2019s most important operations, countries\nwith large numbers of forcibly displaced people\nand persistent vulnerabilities. In these countries\nalone, UNHCR has $612 million less in funding\nin 2022 than it spent in 2021. These 12 countries\naccount for around half of UNHCR\u2019s most acute\nunderfunding. Globally, just to maintain the same\nlevel of assistance as UNHCR provided in 2021\nwould require a further $1.15 billion in funding by\nthe end of 2022.\n\n\nAs shown in this report, UNHCR has already\nbeen forced to reduce its assistance, but a lack of\nfunding may mean its plans have to be scaled back\nfurther, just as inflation, food shortages and \u2013 in\nsome climates \u2013 winter begin to bite.\n\n\nFuel costs have soared as a consequence of the\nwar in Ukraine. In the first half of 2022, UNHCR\nspent 45% more on fuel than it did in the same\nperiod of 2021. Cost planning scenarios \u2013 based\non diesel prices and overall inflation \u2013 now show\nthat UNHCR is expected to spend between\n$65.8 million and $82.8 million on fuel in 2022,\nmore than double the planned expenditure of\n$31.7 million. The shortfall in funding for fuel, which\nis concentrated almost entirely in Africa and Asia,\nwill mean reallocating resources. Even higher price\nspikes may result from emergencies such as the\nflooding in Pakistan, where fuel and electricity\nprices were 63% and 123% higher in August than\na year earlier, and disrupted food supplies are\nlikely to accelerate inflation. The Government has\nsaid it will restrict its expenditure in view of limited\nresources.\n\n\n\nForcibly displaced people in the countries detailed\nin this report have very differing needs: some\nare experiencing the sharpest consequences of\ndisruptions to the food supply chain. Others are\nless exposed to food insecurity specifically but\nstill desperately in need of funding that will allow\nrefugees to build better and sustainable lives,\nthereby reducing their future reliance on UNHCR\u2019s\ndonor-funded assistance.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s donors have been steadfast: in the\nthree months since UNHCR first highlighted the\npressing needs for these 12 operations, their overall\nfunding level has more than doubled from 17%\nto 37%. Nevertheless, except for the Afghanistan\nand Ukraine situations, UNHCR\u2019s operations in all\nregions are more underfunded now than at the\nsame point in 2021.\n\n\nDonors have also given UNHCR more discretion\nin how their funds are used \u2013 a welcome and\nvital shift that helps tackle emergencies and meet\nthe most acute needs. Around 40% of the funds\nreceived globally so far this year have been flexible\n\n- not earmarked for a particular use.\n\n\nThe latest tranches of donor funding have allowed\nUNHCR to provide cash-based assistance in the\nMiddle East and North Africa, continue operating in\nBangladesh, meet increased fuel costs globally, and\nmaintain partner agreements for health, education,\ngender-based violence and child protection\nservices. UNHCR\u2019s border monitoring has also\nbeen sustained. But without fresh funding, all\nthese activities are at risk of being reduced or cut\naltogether later in 2022 or in 2023. Already, many\noperations have undertaken austerity measures to\ncope with fewer funds. Some have reduced their\nplans to procure core relief items, with supplies\nset to last only until the end of September. Others\nhave reduced the scope of services or goods they\nprovide, or have reduced the provision of basic\ngoods in order to ensure sufficient supplies for the\ncoming winter months.\n\n\n\nThis report shows how continued underfunding\nmay result in cuts to the assistance that UNHCR\nis able to provide, including life-saving support for\nthe most vulnerable but also crucial support to help\nforcibly displaced people to return to their homes\nand resume a more normal life.\n\n\nAmong the countries highlighted in the report,\nUNHCR is particularly concerned about the\nfunding gaps in Lebanon, Jordan and Yemen.\nThese countries will have far less money for\ncash assistance, compared even with last year.\nAt a minimum UNHCR will have to provide\napproximately $180 million less in cash in the\nregion \u2014 affecting 1.7 million people. The effects\ncould be greater. Other hard-hit operations include\nEthiopia and Uganda, which lie in a region facing\nconflict and a drought that has put 20 million\npeople into acute food insecurity, and where\nUNHCR is short of $125 million for the purchase\nof core relief items and shelter. Without additional\nfunds for Uganda, UNHCR will not be able to pay\nsalaries for teachers and medical workers in the\nfourth quarter of the year, and is short $4 million for\npurchasing medicines. The 15,000 Burundians who\nwish to return to Burundi and resume their lives\nthere will not receive assistance to do so. Another\ncountry highlighted in this report is Bangladesh,\nwhere recent advances \u2013 such as in the provision\nof education and water supplies \u2013 could be\nundermined by severe underfunding in areas such\nas health, infrastructure and sanitation.\n\n\nThis report gives an updated snapshot of the\nneeds in a sample of major countries. It is not an\nexhaustive list. UNHCR\u2019s operations in many other\ncountries, such as the Central African Republic and\nSomalia, are also experiencing acute underfunding\nand need the support of UNHCR\u2019s donors to ensure\nthe most vital protection and assistance for millions\nof people.\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 1 2 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Funding levels for 12 UNHCR operations\n\n#### **FUNDING LEVELS FOR** **12 UNHCR OPERATIONS**\n\n\n\nAlthough major donors have answered UNHCR\u2019s\nurgent call for funding in 2022, the picture for\nthe 12 important operations shows that there is\na strong risk of the funds available falling even\nfurther behind the assessed needs. By the end of\nAugust, none of the 12 operations had reached\na 50% funding level, and all had a significant\ndeficit to make up if they were to maintain annual\nexpenditure at 2021 levels. In the case of Iraq and\nJordan, this gap was almost $100 million.\n\n\n\nThe absolute level of needs in each country varies\nfrom year to year, but the gap remains even if\nviewed in percentage terms. The funding level of\nUNHCR\u2019s operation in Yemen, for example, reached\n65% in 2021. In 2022, the funding level at the end\nof August was only 36%, leaving a large gap if the\nprior year\u2019s funding level is to be sustained.\n\n\n\n\n\n**2022 funding situation of 12 selected country operations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Operation|Needs (2022
budget)|Funding (end
August 2022)|2022 funding
level|2022 funding
gap|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Bangladesh|285|120|42%|165|\n|Chad|160|57|36%|103|\n|Colombia|122|50|41%|72|\n|D.R. Congo|225|74|33%|151|\n|Ethiopia|335|135|40%|200|\n|Iraq|347|106|31%|241|\n|Jordan|408|151|37%|257|\n|Lebanon|534|213|40%|321|\n|South Sudan|215|81|38%|134|\n|Sudan|349|118|34%|231|\n|Uganda|343|132|38%|211|\n|Yemen|291|104|36%|187|\n|**TOTAL**|**3614**|**1341**|**37%**|**2273**|\n\n\n|2021
Expenditure
(full year)|Gap between
current 2022
funding and
2021 full year
expenditure|\n|---|---|\n|149|-29|\n|83|-26|\n|66|-16|\n|112|-38|\n|190|-55|\n|204|-98|\n|242|-91|\n|267|-54|\n|119|-38|\n|166|-48|\n|185|-53|\n|170|-66|\n|**1953**|**-612**|\n\n\n|2021 funding
level (full year)|Gap between
current 2022
funding level and
2021 full year
funding level|\n|---|---|\n|52%|
-10%|\n|59%|-24%|\n|57%|-16%|\n|56%|-23%|\n|56%|-15%|\n|45%|-15%|\n|59%|-22%|\n|51%|-11%|\n|52%|-15%|\n|48%|-14%|\n|49%|-10%|\n|65%|-29%|\n|**53%**|**-16%**|\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 3 4 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bangladesh**\n\nThis year marks five years since more than\n700,000 Rohingya women, men and children fled\nMyanmar for Bangladesh, joining the hundreds\nof thousands of other Rohingya who sought and\nfound refuge in the country in previous years. With\nthe latest exodus from Myanmar being officially\ndeclared a protracted situation, more robust and\nsustained international support for refugees and\nthe Bangladeshi communities, which continue to\ngenerously host them, is needed.\n\n\nFor the 936,700 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh,\nconditions in Cox\u2019s Bazar \u2013 one of the country\u2019s\npoorest districts and home to the world\u2019s largest\nrefugee camp \u2013 are overcrowded, with many\nremaining fully reliant on humanitarian assistance\nfor their survival. The impact of the Ukraine crisis is\nalso being felt among the Bangladeshi communities\nwho host them. High levels of inflation, depreciating\nlocal currency and price hikes for basic goods and\ncommodities have been recorded, heightening\nexisting vulnerabilities among those already at\nrisk. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic, and\nsocioeconomic impact of the arrival of 700,000\nRohingya in 2017, have also made life harder for\nBangladeshis living in nearby communities and the\nRohingya refugees who had arrived earlier. Service\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Bangladesh**\n\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute $133 million or 81% of the funding gap.\n\n\n\ndelivery and critical protection interventions in\nthe refugee camps have been greatly affected. In\n2022, UNHCR has also faced the cost of setting up\nessential services for 28,000 refugees relocated\nto Bhasan Char island by the Government of\nBangladesh.\n\n\nUntil safe, dignified and sustainable returns to\nMyanmar are possible, there is a need to invest\nin education, skills development and livelihoods\nopportunities, which render refugees more resilient,\ncontribute to a safer camp environment, and enable\nthem to maintain dignity and purpose in their lives.\n\n\nMore support is needed across several sectors,\nparticularly health, housing and basic needs, and\nwater, sanitation and hygiene, which remain greatly\nunderfunded. This includes enhancing the existing\nmalnutrition and psychosocial support programmes,\nbuilding critical infrastructure and increasing the\nnumber of latrines, bathing areas and faecal sludge\ntreatment sites. Despite the progress made \u2013\nincluding the initiation of a large-scale water supply\nproject that aims to supply water to some 225,000\npeople \u2013 support must be stepped up by the\ninternational community to ensure the Rohingya are\nnot forgotten.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $155 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 5 6 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Bangladesh**\n\n###### $3,600 can provide a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking kit to 100 Rohingya families in Bangladesh for clean cooking and to reduce environmental damage. $115 is enough to provide a WASH kit to five Rohingya families in Bangladesh. $4 could provide a mosquito net to a Rohingya family affected by the wet monsoon weather in Bangladesh.\n\nRohingya refugees make their way down a footpath during a heavy monsoon downpour in Kutupalong refugee settlement, Cox\u2019s\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022Bazar district in Bangladesh | \u00a9 UNHCR/David Azia 7 8 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Chad**\n\n\n\nMore than 1 million people are forcibly displaced\nin Chad, one of the poorest countries in the world\nand heavily impacted by humanitarian, political and\nsocioeconomic crises.\n\n\nThe war in Ukraine has compounded the already\ndire conditions in this landlocked country, with\neconomic fluctuations, fuel shortages along with\nsharply rising fuel costs, export limitations from\nneighbouring countries, and heavy reliance on\nimported grain. Already struggling populations\nhave been pushed to the brink by the lingering\neconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and\nthe worst lean season in a decade has prompted\nthe Government to declare an emergency. An\nestimated 1.3 million children are at risk of acute\nmalnutrition and 2.1 million people could experience\nsevere food insecurity. On top of this food crisis,\nfloods affected more than 600,000 people to date.\n\n\nChad hosts around 568,919 refugees, including\naround 387,753 Sudanese who fled conflict in\nDarfur, almost 124,488 from the Central African\nRepublic and around 20,218 Nigerians and 1,323\nother nationals. December 2021 saw an influx of\naround 35,137 Cameroonians fleeing violence\nsparked by intercommunal tensions between\nherders, fishermen and farmers. Around 381,289\nChadians are internally displaced, predominantly\nin the Lake Chad Province, which continues to see\nregular violence by non-state armed groups. The\nlarge scale and long-term nature of displacement\nhas strained services, natural resources and social\ncohesion.\n\n\n\nOn top of this, the lean season, the 50% reduction\nof the food ration in refugee camps as partner\nagencies are forced to cut vital assistance to\nSudanese refugees, the high level of inflation and\nthe rising prices of basic goods and commodities\nhave severely affected the most vulnerable people\nand those with specific needs.\n\n\nSubsequently protection risks have increased,\nincluding \u2013 but not limited to \u2013 gender-based\nviolence and child protection.\n\n\nThe humanitarian response to these dire and\ncomplex crises is severely underfunded. With\ncurrent resources, UNHCR will not be able to\nsupport provision of clean water, sanitation and\nhygiene for families in need, ensure access to\neducation for refugee children, or ensure adequate\nshelter for every displaced household. UNHCR\nwill also not be able to meet needs for nutritional\nsupport, cash or core relief items. Efforts to improve\nrefugees\u2019 livelihoods and self-reliance are also\nseverely underfunded. It is vital to overcome the\nsocioeconomic exclusion and the lack of arable\nland and fishing areas, a consequence of climate\nchange and violence from non-state armed groups.\nEnhanced livelihoods support in the areas of\nagriculture and livestock is urgently needed to\nprevent the cycle of dependence on increasingly\nlimited humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Chad**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$58.6 million** or **57%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $84 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 9 10 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Chad**\n\n###### $18,000 could fund a solar-powered borehole to provide sustainable access to clean water for a community. $3,200 is enough to cover the rehabilitation of a classroom, including those impacted by severe flooding. $200 can provide urgently needed cash assistance to allow especially vulnerable refugee families in Chad to meet their basic needs, including families affected by floods.\n\n~~Saadya Sidik is pictured in front of the recent extension of Mil\u00e9 refugee camp in Chad | \u00a9 UNHCR/Xavier Bourgois~~\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 11 12 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Colombia**\n\nColombia is the country most impacted by the\nVenezuela situation, hosting more than 2.4\nmillion of the 6.8 million Venezuelans who have\nsought refuge outside their country. Conflict\nhas also displaced more than 754,000 people\nwithin Colombia since the signing of the Peace\nAgreements in 2016. In the first half of 2022, more\nthan 30,800 people were uprooted by large scale\ndisplacement and over 43,000 were confined in\ntheir communities by conflict involving illegal armed\ngroups.\n\n\nThe highest inflation in 20 years is making it\nharder for Venezuelan refugees and migrants and\nColombian returnees, IDPs and host communities\nto cover their basic needs. Cash assistance would\nensure food security and support livelihoods,\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Colombia**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$52 million**, representing **72%** of the funding\ngap.\n\n\n\nhealth care and other key services. The current\nunderfunding means cash assistance will need to\nbe reserved for specific protection cases in highly\nvulnerable conditions, rather than the planned\nmulti-purpose cash grants.\n\n\nUnderfunding affects critical aspects of the support\nprovided within UNHCR\u2019s multi-year strategy to\ndisplaced communities in direct need and at risk\nof new displacement \u2013 particularly indigenous and\nAfro-Colombian communities.\n\n\nUnderfunding will scale back the support for the\nTemporary Protection Status (TPS) implementation\nwhich aims finalize the regularization of over 2.3\nmillion Venezuelan refugees and migrants.\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $71 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 13 14 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **The Democratic Republic of the Congo**\n\n\n\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo hosts one of\nthe most complex humanitarian crises in the world,\nwith 520,000 refugees and asylum-seekers and 5.6\nmillion IDPs, the largest internal displacement crisis\nin Africa. In addition, more than 1 million Congolese\nrefugees and asylum-seekers are sheltered across\nthe African continent.\n\n\nAround 76% of the population live in poverty and\n27 million people are food insecure. Since a fresh\nsurge in violence began in April 2022, tens of\nthousands of Congolese have been displaced\nanew as a result of armed groups active in the\nprovinces of Ituri, North Kivu and South Kivu. In\nNorth Kivu alone, fighting between the Congolese\nArmy and non-state armed groups forced more\nthan 200,000 people to flee their homes.\n\n\nFor such a dire and long-running crisis, the\nhumanitarian response is severely underfunded, at\nonly 33% of the $225 million in UNHCR\u2019s needsbased budget, as of the end of August 2022. Some\n\n\n\nof these costs could be avoided in future if there\nwere funds now to help refugees in the country,\nand Congolese refugees outside the country, to\nreturn to their place of origin. The conditions are\nright for 12,100 Congolese refugees to return from\nAngola, South Africa and Zambia and reintegrate\ninto their home communities. 35,700 Central\nAfrican refugees and 15,700 Burundians who\nsought asylum in the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo could also fulfil their wish to return home,\nif UNHCR had the funds to cover the costs of their\nvoluntary repatriation.\n\n\nFor refugees and asylum-seekers from Burundi, the\nCentral African Republic, Rwanda and South Sudan,\nthe areas at critical risk due to underfunding are\neducation, self-reliance and voluntary repatriation.\nFor IDPs, underfunding has put protection\n(including women\u2019s empowerment) and shelter\n(sustainable housing and settlements) at critical risk.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in the Democratic Republic of the Congo**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$81 million** or **54%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $115 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 15 16 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Ethiopia**\n\nEthiopia, a long-standing refugee host country,\nis suffering one of the world\u2019s most acute\ndisplacement emergencies. The conflict that\nerupted in Tigray in late 2020 has spread, creating\nhuge internal displacement and sending refugees\ninto Sudan. Although a humanitarian truce was\ndeclared in March 2022, hostilities resumed on\n24 August 2022. Since then, intensive clashes\nhave triggered further displacements coupled with\nhumanitarian access challenges and extremely\nstretched basic services. In addition, the country\nis facing its worst drought in the past 40 years,\naffecting at least 36 million people, including\n24.1 million in Ethiopia. The affected population\nincludes IDPs, refugees and their host communities\n\n- people who are already suffering a dramatic\nreduction in food assistance due to funding\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Ethiopia**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$118 million** or **59%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\nshortfalls and a global economic crisis that has\nseen drastic increases in commodity prices. After\nfour consecutive failed rainy seasons that have\nbrought the threat of starvation to communities in\nparts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, the World\nMeteorological Organization is now forecasting that\nthe drought will continue into a fifth year.\n\n\nAs well as the catastrophic drought, conflicts\nand flash floods are worsening the humanitarian\nsituation. Refugees who had been in wellestablished camps have been forced to flee to safe\nareas, requiring considerable investment in new\nsites, and there are increasing numbers of IDPs in\nneed of assistance. The frequency of shocks has\nmade it more difficult for people to recover.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $189 million, if not more.**\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 17 18 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Ethiopia**\n\n###### $18,750 is enough to provide emergency shelter to 50 displaced families, to help them live in safety and dignity. $290 can provide a kitchen set of cooking and serving utensils to 10 displaced families. $30 could train 15 community health workers to be able to provide counselling to parents on feeding infants and young children.\n\nDire needs for displaced Ethiopians in the Somali region as droughts continue | \u00a9 UNHCR/Eugene Sibomana\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 19 20 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Iraq**\n\n\n\nDespite three years of relative stability and an\nongoing transition from a humanitarian emergency\nresponse toward one rooted in recovery and\ndevelopment plans, Iraq continues to have\nhumanitarian needs. The political and security\nenvironment remains unpredictable, while the\nsocioeconomic situation remains fragile despite the\nsubstantive expansion of the Government\u2019s fiscal\nspace.\n\n\nIraq generously hosts over 300,000 refugees and\nasylum-seekers, mostly Syrians with limited return\nprospects. Some 1.2 million Iraqis remain internally\ndisplaced with significant return barriers. They\nface insecurity and limited access to basic services\nwhile contending with destroyed properties and\ninfrastructure.\n\n\nOver 25% of IDPs and 16% of IDP returnees lack\nat least one key identity document, based on the\n2021 Multi-Cluster Needs Assessment. Missing civil\ndocumentation impedes people\u2019s ability to access\nbasic services such as education, health care and\nsocial security benefits and can lead to restricted\nfreedom of movement and increased risk of arrest\nand detention, among other negative impacts.\n\n\nThe United Nations and the international\ncommunity have assessed that strategic\ndevelopment approaches would be more\nappropriate, to address in an equal manner the\nneeds of all Iraqis and not only those who were\ndirectly affected by conflict or forcibly displaced.\n\n\nIn line with the UN\u2019s shift towards longer-term\ndevelopment approaches in Iraq and with its own\n\n\n\ncommitment to play a catalytic role to engage\ndevelopment actors and primarily relevant public\ninstitutions, UNHCR promotes refugee self-reliance\nand strengthens their integration \u2013 along with IDPs\nand IDP returnees \u2013 into national systems and\nsocial safety nets. Efforts include turning refugee\ncamps into neighbourhoods served by public\ninstitutions and finding dignified solutions for those\nwho cannot return to their country of origin.\n\n\nFunding remains essential to ensuring adequate\nsupport to Iraqi authorities that are increasingly\ndelivering services to populations in need, as part\nof the responsible transition from humanitarian to\ndevelopment support and further integration of\nrefugees. Particularly vulnerable displaced and\nhost community individuals will continue to need\nspecialized assistance pending the strengthening\nof public systems.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s financial requirements for Iraq are only\n31% funded as of September 2022, compared\nto 42% at the same time in 2021. This is mainly\nattributed to the shift adopted by all humanitarian\npartners, including donors, to rely further on\nauthorities to deliver basic services to displaced\npopulations, and common advocacy thereon. The\nunderfunding of UNHCR\u2019s operation would mean\nthat remaining critical humanitarian needs would\nnot be met in the last quarter of 2022, such as\ncash assistance and winter cash assistance for\n100,000 displaced families. Underfunding would\nalso hamper UNHCR\u2019s integration and solution\nprogrammes, including the construction and\nrehabilitation of schools and health facilities.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Iraq**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$74 million** or **31%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 21 22 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Iraq**\n\n###### $250 can provide monthly multi-purpose cash assistance to a vulnerable refugee household for 12 months in Iraq. $330 could provide a family of refugees or asylum-seekers with a one-off package of winter cash assistance in Iraq.\n\nChildren standing near their shelter after playing in the snow at Essian IDP camp near Duhok, Iraq | \u00a9 UNHCR/Rasheed Hussein Rasheed\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 23 24 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Jordan Operational areas at critical risk in Jordan**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$80 million** or **31%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\nA regional anchor of stability facing challenges\nsuch as a struggling economy, dependence on\nfossil fuel imports and a lack of water resources,\nJordan hosts around 760,000 mainly Syrian\nrefugees, as well as Iraqis, Yemenis and others,\nmaking it the country with the second largest\nnumber of refugees per capita. Most refugee\nfamilies generate some income, but most are also\nbelow the poverty line and poverty levels are\nrising. Overall, the unemployment rate is high in the\ncountry.\n\n\nDue to regional and global economic shocks,\nconsumer prices have been on the rise in Jordan\nover the past months. While fuel and bread are\nsubsidized, prices have nonetheless increased.\nEnergy prices have also increased, and more than\nhalf of refugees reported being unable to afford\ntheir electricity bills. Data from UNHCR\u2019s analysis\nof the situation of refugees in Jordan indicates\nthat the average monthly expenditure per refugee\nhousehold has continued to decrease since [Q3](https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/54)\n[2021.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/54)\n\n\n\nWith the socioeconomic situation deteriorating\nfast for refugees in Jordan, the number of families\nresorting to crisis and emergency coping strategies\n(such as selling productive assets, withdrawing\nchildren from school, accepting high-risk jobs,\nbegging, child labour, or child marriage) has\nbeen increasing since Q3 2021. A majority is also\nresorting to either less preferred meals, reduced\nportions or reduced number of meals. Refugees\nliving outside of camps are facing three times the\nnumber of eviction threats as in 2018, a number\nwhich has increased significantly also between Q1\nand Q2 of 2022.\n\n\nLeaders of the refugee communities continue to\nvoice concerns about increased vulnerability, with\nhigher demand for cash assistance to help pay\nfor rent, debt, food, basic needs and health care\ncosts. 60% of the refugee population are youth,\nbut funding for projects supporting youth and for\nscholarships is seriously limited.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $240 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 25 26 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Jordan**\n\n###### $13,500 can help provide cash assistance for a month to 75 refugee families in Jordan. $741 is enough to provide a patient with a referral to secondary or tertiary health care services. $12 could provide a refugee women or girl in Jordan with sanitary products for a year.\n\nIn Jordan, Children in Zaatari camp celebrate Eid Al- Fitr | \u00a9 UNHCR/Yousef Alhariri\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 27 28 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Lebanon**\n\n\n\nLebanon is the world\u2019s biggest refugee-hosting\ncountry per capita. The Government estimates\nthat the country hosts 1.5 million Syrians, including\n831,100 registered with UNHCR, along with 13,300\nrefugees of other nationalities. The socioeconomic\ndownturn coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic and\nthe Port of Beirut explosion have all contributed to\nnine out of 10 refugees living in extreme poverty.\nThe sharp contraction of the economy and\nspiralling inflation rates (281% between June 2019\nand June 2021) have pushed people to the brink\nand led to an exponential rise in extreme poverty\nand protection risks for those already marginalized.\nThe deterioration in the Lebanese lira persisted in\n2021, with the local currency trading in the parallel\nmarket at an average of more than 90% below the\nofficial exchange rate.\n\n\nLebanon\u2019s economic woes have been further\naggravated by the negative impact of the war in\nUkraine, especially in the areas of food security\ndue to shortages in crucial food imports; shortages\nin fuel due to the global rise in energy prices,\nleading to a further deepening energy crisis; and\n\n\n\nchallenges to maintain the humanitarian funding\nlevels of previous years. These impacts are\nseverely affecting Lebanese, refugees and migrants\nalike, and push refugees to resort to harmful coping\nmechanisms.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring findings covering\nthe second quarter of 2022 show that 96% of\nSyrian refugee families are food insecure, and\naccess to basic services, including water, education\nand health is severely strained. Eviction threats and\nactual evictions \u2013 notably due to the inability to pay\nrent \u2013 remain a major concern, leading to increased\nexploitation.\n\n\nFunding gaps encompass all areas of intervention\nfor UNHCR in Lebanon, with significant\nconsequences for the most vulnerable refugee\nfamilies. If the funding situation does not improve\nsoon, UNHCR is concerned that it will not be\npossible to sufficiently support refugees in\naccessing their rights and meeting their most basic\nneeds in Lebanon.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Lebanon**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$315 million** or **98%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $280 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 29 30 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Lebanon**\n\n###### $60 can help UNHCR provide cash assistance for a month to a family in Lebanon. $550 can subsidize emergency or obstetric care for a patient in Lebanon. $1,500 could cover the costs of a late birth registration lawsuit in addition to legal counselling which could be a solution for a specific group of stateless persons in Lebanon.\n\n~~In Lebanon, refugees are forced to use plastic shoes to light their stove to keep warm. These ruined shoes are bought~~\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022instead of fuel and wood because they are cheaper | \u00a9 UNHCR/Houssam Hariri 31 32 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **South Sudan**\n\n\n\nSouth Sudan\u2019s refugee crisis remains the largest\nin Africa, with over 2.3 million South Sudanese\nrefugees in neighbouring countries. An estimated\n2.2 million South Sudanese are internally displaced,\nwhile South Sudan itself hosts over 340,000\nrefugees, mainly from Sudan, the Democratic\nRepublic of Congo and Ethiopia.\n\n\nWracked by civil war for most of its short\nhistory, South Sudan is afflicted by widespread\nintercommunal violence, the devastating effects\nof climate change, and severe food insecurity that\naffects 60% of the population of 11 million. Food\nprices have soared and the currency has been\ndevalued, exacerbating a protracted humanitarian\ncrisis. Climate change-driven floods affect about\n1 million people every year and make roads\nimpassable. Many people have been tipped into\nfood insecurity as droughts have killed livestock\nand disrupted crop cycles. To escape both flooding\nand drought, pastoralists have moved their\nanimals far beyond the traditional transhumance\nroutes, bringing them into conflict with sedentary\ncommunities.\n\n\nThese compounded factors are threatening\na fragile peace in the country. Despite some\nprogress, implementation of crucial elements of the\n2018 peace agreement ending the civil war, such as\nsecurity sector reform, constitutional and electoral\nreform, and transitional justice, have lagged. A\n24-month extension of the transitional Government\nwas announced on 4 August 2022, delaying\nelections.\n\n\nIn addition, South Sudan is seeing a rising price of\ncommodities, devaluation of the local currency, and\n\n\n\nsoaring food prices linked to the war in Ukraine.\nThe Government has limited capacity to respond\nto humanitarian needs, and most IDPs, refugees\nand returnees are in remote areas in a country with\nlimited connectivity and infrastructure, and where\nroads are seasonally inaccessible due to heavy\nflooding.\n\n\nUnderfunding limits UNHCR to providing basic\nhumanitarian assistance that enables refugees to\nsurvive. UNHCR provides education to school age\nrefugee children but close to half are out of school.\nProjects to promote vocational training, higher\neducation, livelihoods and income-generating\nprojects are not possible. Underfunding has also\nprevented UNHCR\u2019s \u201cstepped-up engagement\u201d in\nSouth Sudan\u2019s IDP situation, which would include\nflood mitigation and resilience projects to help\npeople wishing to return to their areas of origin.\nMost people in South Sudan have no access to\nmedical care. UNHCR is providing medicine and\nequipment and renovating clinics, and supporting\nprimary health care in the refugee-hosting\ncommunities of Maban and Jamjang.\n\n\nThree quarters of IDPs are hosted in the community\nand the vast majority of their needs are largely\nuncovered. In addition, some 600,000 refugee\nreturns have been recorded (including some\npendular movements), with families seeking\nlives with dignity in their homelands, economic\nopportunities, and schooling. Through the \u201cPockets\nof Hope\u201d initiative, UNHCR hopes to provide basic\nservices, create sustainable livelihood opportunities\nand promote economic self-reliance in areas of\nreturn.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in South Sudan**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$58 million** or **43%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $117 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 33 34 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Sudan Operational areas at critical risk in Sudan**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$164 million** or **71%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\nPolitical uncertainty, inflation, a poor economic\noutlook and harsh environmental conditions\nhave resulted in a steep increase in food and\nnon-food prices, shortages of essential goods\nincluding bread and fuel, and alarming rates of food\ninsecurity in Sudan. Inflation skyrocketed in 2020,\npeaked in 2021 and remains very high compared to\npre-COVID-19 levels, putting strain on the general\npublic, and disproportionately impacting the forcibly\ndisplaced population, especially those already in a\npoor economic conditions and without any financial\nsupport.\n\n\nInsecurity and displacement have increased, not\nonly in the Darfur states following the UNAMID\nwithdrawal in 2021, but nationwide. Outbreaks of\nintercommunal violence, driven by competition\nfor land and water, lack of jobs, and other\nsocioeconomic factors, have put pressure on\nhumanitarian agencies to meet the increasing\nneeds of not only the displaced population but also\ntheir host communities.\n\n\n\nInternational financial support for debt relief and\nprogress in development programmes were halted\nfollowing the October 2021 military coup. Given the\nfragile security situation in the country and in the\nregion, the displaced population faces challenges\nin meeting durable solutions and will reasonably\ncontinue to rely on humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nFunding therefore remains critical for UNHCR\nto provide adequate protection programming,\nincluding gender-based violence and child\nprotection services to refugees across the country.\nWith limited opportunities for resettlement or\ncomplementary pathways, community-based\nsupport projects that provide health and\neducation, water and sanitation, shelter, livelihood\nopportunities, and the development of return areas\nwill continue to be needed.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $170 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 35 36 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Uganda**\n\n\n\nAfrica\u2019s largest refugee-hosting country is a global\nleader in its approach to peaceful coexistence\nand settlement of refugees with host communities.\nUganda hosts over 1.5 million in settlements, where\nthey are provided with plots of land for housing and\ncultivation, and they go to the same health centres\nand schools as members of the host community.\nBut Uganda is still recovering from the impact of\nCOVID-19 and the refugee response is severely\nunderfunded, limiting UNHCR\u2019s capacity to provide\ncritical protection services, basic humanitarian\nassistance, durable solutions, and the promotion\nof refugees\u2019 inclusion in national systems such as\nhealth, water and sanitation. Funding has been\nstretched further in 2022 as 96,000 Congolese and\nSouth Sudanese have arrived in Uganda, fleeing\ninsecurity and violence.\n\n\nSevere underfunding is directly affecting the\ntimeliness and quality of protection services\nand has obliged UNHCR to make drastic cuts in\nthe level of humanitarian assistance provided\nto refugees. Since July 2022, UNHCR has been\nforced to stop the procurement of soap and\nhygiene kits. This leads to poor hygiene conditions\nthat have negative effects on refugees\u2019 physical\nand mental health. This need is particularly acute\nfor women and girls of reproductive age, whose\naccess to sanitary pads decreases the risk of\n\n\n\ninfections and psychological stress and improves\ntheir access to education and job opportunities.\n\n\nPrioritizing life-saving needs means UNHCR is\nunable to rehabilitate roads and conduct the\ninvestments required to open new zones in\ncongested settlements. Existing health, WASH and\neducation infrastructure cannot meet the needs\nof an increased population (with over 100 children\nper classroom, a lack of health staff and medical\nequipment/supplies, an average 13 litres per day\nof drinking water). The lack of services means\nnew arrivals cannot easily be relocated away from\nthe border (more than 20,000 refugees are in\nreception/transit centres) or they abandon the plots\nthey are allocated in the settlements.\n\n\nUNHCR cannot replenish its contingency stock of\ncore relief items due to lack of funds, and expects\nto run out in late 2022.\n\n\nIf no additional funding is received, further\noperational cuts are also expected and could be\ndisastrous, as it could compel the Government to\nroll back and review its progressive asylum policy\nand its leading role as a champion for the GCR, or\ncurtails vital services (e.g. education and health) for\nrefugees and host communities.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Uganda**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$150 million** or **71%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $168 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 37 38 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Yemen**\n\n\n\nSince 2015, war has devastated what was already\nthe weakest economy in the region. It has\ncreated a vast humanitarian crisis with two thirds\nof the population dependent on humanitarian\nassistance and 7.3 million people expected to be\nat emergency hunger levels by the end of 2022,\nincluding most of the 4.4 million who are forcibly\ndisplaced. Shifting front lines and mass casualty\nincidents have continued to claim civilian lives and\ndrive new displacement, although civilian casualties\nhave declined since a truce was signed in April.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s support has been vital, with cash\nassistance for 1.23 million people in 2021, when\nimproved funding allowed a shift from one-off\nto multi-instalment assistance, overcoming a\nmajor gap. However, chronic underfunding of\nthe response for refugees, mainly Somalis and\nEthiopians, left huge protection and assistance\ngaps.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s operation in Yemen is now almost twice\nas underfunded as it was a year ago. If funds\nare not urgently received, 70% of the 90,000\nvulnerable displaced Yemeni households (540,000\nindividuals) needing cash support to cover their\nbasic needs will not receive it. Refugees spend\nmost of UNHCR\u2019s cash assistance on food, so a\nlack of funding will push them further into poverty\nand raise the risk of hunger and harmful coping\n\n\n\nmechanisms such as child labour and begging.\n\n\nCash is also much needed for 33,500 families\n(201,000 individuals) in a precarious shelter\nsituation, supporting them to repair their shelters,\npay rent and cover the security of their tenure.\nMore than 45,000 vulnerable displaced Yemeni\nfamilies (270,000 individuals) risk not having access\nto basic shelter and basic items such as kitchen\nsets, mattresses and blankets.\n\n\nFunding cuts will also compel UNHCR to terminate\nits activities in 12 community centres across Yemen\nand to halt essential protection services such as\npsychosocial support and legal counselling.\n\n\nWithout much needed funds, over 68,000 (almost\n70%) of refugees and asylum-seekers will be\ndenied primary and life-saving health care as well\nas cash support to access health services.\n\n\nUNHCR is the one of the few service providers\nfor refugees and asylum-seekers in Yemen. Most\ndepend on UNHCR\u2019s support and services and\nhave little prospect of inclusion or local integration,\nwith pressure from authorities for them to return to\ntheir countries of origin. Resettlement opportunities\nare few, despite the continuous advocacy by\nUNHCR with resettlement countries to increase\ntheir quotas.\n\n\n\n**Operational areas at critical risk in Yemen**\n\nTop 3 largest areas with the highest funding gap constitute **$135 million** or **72%** of the funding gap.\n\n\n**Funds available for the operation must reach 2021 levels of $176 million, if not more.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022 39 40 UNHCR > UNDERFUNDED REPORT 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **How donors can help in Yemen**\n\n###### $20,000 could provide 100 families each with a kit of core relief items including mattresses and blankets for each family member as well as household items like buckets, kitchen supplies, and a solar lamp. $980 is enough to provide four enhanced emergency shelters for displaced families in Yemen.\n\n\n\nFatima, a Yemeni widowed mother of twelve | \u00a9 UNHCR/Alejandro Staller\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR distributes tents to new refugees in South Darfur | \u00a9 UNHCR/Behrooz Taleb\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **UNDERFUNDED REPORT**\n\n##### **2022**\n\n**ISSUED IN SEPTEMBER 2022**\n\n### **For more information**\n\n\n[Visit Global Focus, UNHCR\u2019s main operational reporting portal for donors and other key](https://reporting.unhcr.org/)\npartners. The site provides an overview of the protection risks that refugees and other\npopulations of concern to UNHCR face across the world, as well as regularly updated\ninformation about programmes, operations, financial requirements, funding levels and donor\ncontributions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f5a358ea-322d-487a-8824-f33c691b3e70/Underfunded%20Report%20V6.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_732/raw/doc_732_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_732/raw/doc_732_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0dff3a6476f2676032ec1cc8b39def90b3145f92..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_732/raw/doc_732_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n##### Contents\n\n\n**Underfunded forgotten crises** **3**\n\n\n**A closer look at the most underfunded situations** **6**\n\n\n**COVID-19: the underfunded response** **9**\n\n\n**The Iraq and Syria situations** **11**\n\n\n**Donors make the difference** **12**\n\n\n**How donors can help make the difference** **13**\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\n_A young refugee from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) sits outside a_\n_building in Makpandu camp, South Sudan. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andreea Campeanu_\n\n\n2 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\n_120,000 people fleeing the eruption of the Mount Nyiragongo volcano in Goma, DRC, arrived in the town of Sake, 25 km away._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Guerchom Ndebo_\n\n## Underfunded forgotten crises\n\n\n**But donors can break the negative cycle**\n\n\n\nBeing forcibly displaced means being confronted\n\nwith a desperate need for the very basics of life\n\n- safety, water, food, shelter and healthcare. Less\n\nurgent, but no less vital, are the fundamental\n\nrights that underpin the route back to a dignified,\n\nstable and sustainable life: the right to work, to be\n\neducated, to travel, to have a nationality. The\n\npotential cost of meeting such needs \u2013 for\n\nrefugees, asylum-seekers, stateless persons and\n\nothers of concern to UNHCR \u2013 is projected in\n\n[UNHCR\u2019s annual budget, totalling $9.248 billion in](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Funding%20Overview%2031%20August%202021.pdf)\n\n2021.\n\n\n\nAlthough donors are extremely generous, a\n\npersistent shortfall in funding, and the earmarking\n\nof most of the funds to specific purposes or areas,\n\nmeans that some of the most pressing needs\n\nremain unmet.\n\n\nThis report looks at the ten current situations\n\nwhere funding has fallen furthest behind the\n\nneeds projected in the budget, by the end of\n\nAugust 2021. With real examples of gaps in\n\nfunding, it seeks to highlight the scale of needs\n\nand the real consequences of underfunding for\n\npeople forced to flee, as well as the impact that\n\ndonors can make if they take urgent action.\n\n\n\n3 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\nUnderfunded situations are often those that have\n\nfallen out of the media spotlight or were never\n\nthere at all, but the needs of people caught up in\n\nsuch crises are no less deserving of support.\n\n\nUNHCR is grateful to its donors and to all those\n\nwho raise awareness of the plight of refugees and\n\nother people of concern.\n\n\n[In August the spotlight fell on the Afghanistan](https://reporting.unhcr.org/afghanistansituation)\n\n[situation, which was set to be among the top 10](https://reporting.unhcr.org/afghanistansituation)\n\nmost underfunded in 2021. The country\u2019s latest\n\ncrisis led to a robust and continuing surge in\n\nfunding from private sector donors and individuals\n\nworldwide, and Member States such as Germany,\n\nlifting it out of the top 10 most underfunded\n\nsituations and enabling UNHCR to undertake\n\nemergency preparedness and response to the\n\nmaximum extent possible.\n\n\n\nUnfortunately, Afghanistan is the exception that\n\nproves the rule: in general, forgotten crises tend\n\nto attract little funding until the situation becomes\n\nso dire a new emergency occurs that catches the\n\nworld\u2019s attention. Many situations involve\n\noverlapping layers of crisis, and new events\n\nsimply compound the suffering and add to the\n\ncomplexity, without offering an easy hook for\n\nmedia or social media to take notice. Even a\n\n[disaster such as the May 22 eruption of Mount](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/88089)\n\n[Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/88089)\n\nCongo, which added a new emergency to an\n\nexisting humanitarian crisis, rapidly fades from the\n\nnews.\n\n\nWe cannot wait for another emergency to occur\n\nbefore we take action. The cycle of forgotten\n\ncrises can be broken by tackling underfunded\n\nsituations such as those highlighted in this report.\n\n\n\n_Siba Issa El Ali, a 10-year-old Syrian refugee girl, spends day and night removing water from her tent in an informal settlement_\n_camp in Beqaa Valley, Lebanon. \u00a9 UNHCR/Diego Ibarra S\u00e1nchez_\n\n\n4 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\n**Underfunding hits every area of UNHCR\u2019s work, and hits the basics hardest**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Per cent**\n**funded**\n\n\n**33%**\n\n\n**34%**\n\n\n**39%**\n\n\n**41%**\n\n\n**42%**\n\n\n**43%**\n\n\n**46%**\n\n\n**47%**\n\n\n**48%**\n\n\n**50%**\n\n\n\n**Top 10 underfunded UNHCR emergency situations | August 2021**\n\n(In million US$)\n\n\nFunded Funding gap\n\n\n\n\n\nCOVID-19 Situation\n\n\nIraq Situation\n\n\nSyria Situation\n\n\nSouth Sudan Situation\n\n\nDRC Situation\n\n\nNigeria Situation\n\n\nSomalia Situation\n\n\nMyanmar Situation\n\n\nVenezuela Situation\n\n\nBurundi Situation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1996.3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n## A closer look at the most underfunded situations\n\n\n\n\n\n_Afghan refugees getting their COVID-19 vaccination jab at a Red Crescent Mass Vaccination Centre in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Asif Shahzad_\n\n\n**Funding type:**\n\n\n\n**IRAQ SITUATION**\n###### **$391.6 million $260.4 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\nUnearmarked Softly earmarked\n\nEarmarked Tightly earmarked\n\n\n**34%** funded\n\n\n\n340,000 vulnerable Iraqi IDPs, returnees and refugees need life-saving winterization assistance to cope with\n\nextreme weather conditions and meet their needs over the winter season.\n\n\n8,000 IDP, returnee and refugee families in Iraq still require unrestricted cash assistance to mitigate the\n\nnegative socioeconomic impacts of displacement, which have been compounded by COVID-19.\n\n\n6 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\n**SYRIA SITUATION**\n###### **$1.996 billion $1.209 billion**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\n**Funding type:**\n\n\nUnearmarked Softly earmarked\n\nEarmarked Tightly earmarked\n\n\n**39%** funded\n\n\n\n2 million vulnerable Syrian IDPs and refugees require life-saving winterization assistance to prepare for and\n\ncope with the harsh winter season.\n\n\n180,000 impoverished Syrian refugee families require unrestricted cash assistance to meet their basic needs\n\nand forestall negative coping mechanisms.\n\n\n**SOUTH SUDAN SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$701.5 million $416.6 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n905,000 South Sudanese refugees urgently need running water.\n\n\n\n**41%** funded\n\n\n\n290,269 South Sudanese women and girls of reproductive age in Uganda are in need of sanitary materials.\n\n\n**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$349.5 million $201.9 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\n**42%** funded\n\n\n\n27 per cent of Congolese child refugees under five in L\u00f4vua settlement in Angola are affected by malnutrition\n\nand 62 per cent of refugee households are completely dependent on food assistance.\n\n\nThe number of IDP households benefitting from cash assistance was reduced from 6,000 to 2,200.\n\n\n500,000 IDPs in South Kivu and 1.3 million in North Kivu need shelter assistance.\n\n\n**NIGERIA SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$128.4 million $72.9 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n58,000 IDP families in northeast Nigeria will not receive core relief items.\n\n\n66,700 IDP families are at risk of going without adequate shelter.\n\n\n\n**43%** funded\n\n\n\n7 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\n**SOMALIA SITUATION**\n###### **$389.3 million $210.6 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\n**Funding type:**\n\n\nUnearmarked Softly earmarked\n\nEarmarked Tightly earmarked\n\n\n**46%** funded\n\n\n\n40,000 Somali refugees in Yemen risk being left without primary healthcare, and almost 4,000 more deprived of\n\nsecondary and tertiary referrals, and UNHCR may have to halt COVID-19 awareness and hygiene campaigns.\n\n\n2,500 individuals wishing to return, as per the Kenya roadmap in 2021, need support for facilitated returns.\n\n\n**MYANMAR SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$345.1 million $181.7 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\n**47%** funded\n\n\n\nSupport to medical facilities and procurement of medical supplies and COVID-related PPE was cut in Rakhine\n\nand Kachin states.\n\n\n142,500 conflict-displaced individuals in Myanmar need 28,500 core relief items and emergency shelter kits to\n\nmeet their basic needs.\n\n\n**VENEZUELA SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$315.2 million $162.9 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n10,000 Venezuelans in an irregular status in Aruba need essential health services.\n\n\n\n**48%** funded\n\n\n\n4,500 refugees and migrants from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela have received no cash assistance to\n\nmeet their basic needs in Argentina.\n\n\n800 refugees and migrants risk not having support from public and private projects that will help them find\n\njobs and run small businesses in southern Latin America.\n\n\n**BURUNDI SITUATION**\n\n\n###### **$157.2 million $78.4 million**\n\n**required in 2021** **funding shortfall**\n\n\n\n**50%** funded\n\n\n\n120,000 Burundians who have returned since 2017 lack cash assistance, fuel and basic goods.\n\n\n72,000 Burundian refugees in Uganda receive only 14.2 litres of water per person per day, below the 20 litre\n\nstandard, an especially critical need during the COVID-19 situation.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n### COVID-19: the underfunded response\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s most underfunded situation so far in\n\n2021 is the response to COVID-19. Only one third\n\nof the budgeted requirements of $924 million has\n\nbeen received, leaving a yawning gap in UNHCR\u2019s\n\nability to protect people of concern from the\n\nfallout from the disease \u2013 including social and\n\neconomic consequences that can drive people\n\ninto poverty and exploitation. On health grounds\n\nalone, the sheer number of forcibly displaced\n\npeople, 1 per cent of the world\u2019s population,\n\nsuggests that failing to fully integrate them into\n\nthe global pandemic response is a historic\n\nmistake. But the pandemic hurts refugees and\n\nothers of concern to UNHCR in ways that stretch\n\nfar beyond the risk posed by the virus itself, and\n\nthe failure to adequately fund the response\n\ndeepens their plight.\n\n\n[A recent study by the Joint Data Center of](https://www.jointdatacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ANSWERING-THE-CALL_-FDP-paper-series-2_final.pdf)\n\nUNHCR and the World Bank noted evidence of\n\nCOVID-19 causing a drastic reduction in\n\nmovement across borders and in resettlement,\n\nand surveys from eight countries showed a\n\ndeterioration in employment, food security and\n\naccess to health and education. The pandemic\n\n[has fostered a rise in gender-based violence and](https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5bf55a1112144d7dafa58fb4ecc8f9a7)\n\n[violence against children, as well as triggering](https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5bf55a1112144d7dafa58fb4ecc8f9a7)\n\nrestrictions on movement and societal stresses\n\nthat hit people of concern to UNHCR hardest. The\n\nslow vaccination rate of refugees and other\n\npeople of concern \u2013 with around 350,000 vaccine\n\n\n\ndoses administered so far \u2013 not only has health\n\nimplications but also leaves them socially\n\ndisadvantaged and at further risk of exclusion and\n\nisolation.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s COVID-19 response covers every region\n\nand encompasses the whole spectrum of needs,\n\nreflecting the wide ramifications that the\n\npandemic\u2019s socioeconomic upheaval has\n\nengendered in the lives of forcibly displaced\n\npeople. At the end of August 2021, the largest\n\nareas of unmet needs include a $74 million\n\nshortfall in cash assistance, and smaller but\n\nsignificant gaps in funding to alleviate the\n\npandemic\u2019s impact on primary health care, primary\n\neducation, and services for persons with specific\n\nneeds.\n\n\nThe overall challenge requires global action, but\n\nwhile the situation persists, even small acts of\n\nkindness by individual donors can have a real\n\nimpact: $1 is enough to buy sanitizing liquid for a\n\nrefugee household in Turkey, $102 could buy a\n\nyear\u2019s worth of Universal Public Health Insurance\n\nfor an extremely vulnerable refugee in Iran, $600\n\ncan help fund personal protection equipment for\n\n[100 health workers in Mbera camp in Mauritania](https://reporting.unhcr.org/mauritania)\n\n- home to over 65,000 Malian refugees, and\n\n$800 buys an oxygen concentrator to provide\n\nlife-saving oxygen therapy when combatting\n\nCOVID-19.\n\n\n\n9 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_With the support of partners and donors, 2,500 sheltered people were vaccinated in Boa Vista, Brazil, until the beginning of August 2021._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Allana Ferreira_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n## The Iraq and Syria situations\n\n\n\nUNHCR estimates that 3.3 million people are in\n\nneed of critical assistance to help them prepare\n\nfor the forthcoming winter. This will be the 11 [th]\n\nconsecutive winter in displacement for some, and\n\nmany continue to face increased hardships due to\n\nthe economic situation and the COVID-19\n\npandemic. Most of the planned interventions will\n\nbe in the form of cash assistance, with critical\n\nfunding gaps affecting Syrian and Iraqi refugees,\n\nIDPs and returnees in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan,\n\nLebanon and for cross-border activities from\n\nTurkey to northwest Syria. $88 million is still\n\nrequired for winter needs across the region.\n\n\nHundreds of thousands of refugees, IDPs and\n\nreturnees still need cash assistance to meet their\n\nbasic needs. UNHCR is seeking $40 million,\n\nincluding $12 million in Iraq, $8 million in Jordan\n\nand $20 million in Lebanon. Without this vital help,\n\nvulnerable families may turn to additional negative\n\ncoping mechanisms or be plunged into deeper\n\n\n_Destroyed homes are noticeable in Bardiya village and its outskirts, Iraq,_\n_as many people lack sufficient financial means to rebuild their homes._\n_\u00a9 UNHCR/Firas Al-Khateeb_\n\n\n\nvulnerability. In Lebanon, socioeconomic\n\ndeterioration accompanied by hyperinflation,\n\ndeclining subsidies and rising insecurity has left\n\npeople angry and disillusioned. Thefts and\n\nclashes over goods \u2013 particularly food, medicine\n\nand fuel \u2013 are increasing. The situation is\n\nextremely challenging for everyone as rising\n\nnumbers of Lebanese are falling into poverty, but\n\nit is even worse for Syrian refugees.\n\n\nThe preliminary results of the 2021 Vulnerability\n\nAssessment of Syrian Refugees indicate that 88\n\nper cent of Syrian refugees are in extreme\n\npoverty. Cash assistance could reach 170,000\n\nrefugee families and prove critical for the survival\n\nof many.\n\n\nInside Iraq, 6,100 Syrian refugee families, 1,750\n\nrefugee and asylum-seeker families of other\n\nnationalities, and 6,800 IDPs/returnee families will\n\nbe unable to meet their basic household needs\n\nand mitigate some of the negative socioeconomic\n\nimpacts of displacement \u2013 now compounded by\n\nCOVID-19, which resulted in many losing their\n\nlivelihoods.\n\n\nIn Jordan, UNHCR provides 33,000 refugee\n\nfamilies with monthly cash assistance. Lack of\n\nadditional funding would result in the\n\ndiscontinuation of the cash assistance programme\n\nwhich represents a lifeline to vulnerable refugees.\n\nCOVID-19 has adversely affected refugees. While\n\ninnovative solutions to ensure long-term\n\nresilience of refugees are being pursued, cash\n\nassistance is critical in helping refugees meet\n\nessential needs. Lack thereof would significantly\n\ncompromise livelihoods and wellbeing of the most\n\nvulnerable refugees.\n\n\n\n1 1 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n## Donors make the difference\n\n\n\nUnderfunded situations are not irredeemable.\n\nDonors can have a direct impact, whether their\n\nfunding is for unrestricted use across UNHCR\u2019s\n\noperations or targeted at a particular need. In\n\nSeptember 2020, the United States of America\n\nresponded generously to UNHCR\u2019s call for help\n\nwith underfunded situations by making $100\n\nmillion available for situations in Africa. $18.2\n\n[million went toward the Nigeria situation and](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/nigeriasituation)\n\nhelped local communities tackle the root causes\n\nof gender-based violence, as well as enabling\n\nthousands of Cameroonian refugees to buy food,\n\nstaving off hunger and the risk of exploitation.\n\n\nThe funds also enabled UNHCR\u2019s partner in\n\nNigeria, the Ministry of Rehabilitation,\n\nReconstruction and Resettlement, to provide\n\nshelter to more than 33,000 IDPs and to build\n\nmore than 550 emergency shelters for refugees.\n\nIn turn, this reduced congestion in camps, a risk\n\nfactor for the spread of COVID-19. Refugees also\n\nreceived fertilizers and farm tools, bolstering their\n\nself-reliance by enabling them to secure their own\n\nfood on government-provided land or within\n\nsettlements. In northeast Nigeria, UNHCR was\n\nable to boost the provision of core relief items for\n\nIDPs, exceeding its planned distribution by 6 per\n\ncent, and by 65 per cent for sanitary materials.\n\nThe donation also helped UNHCR advocate on\n\nbehalf of people fleeing violence, seeking greater\n\nprotection and continued access to asylum\n\ndespite COVID-19-related border closures.\n\n\n\nThe U.S. donation was not the first or the last, but\n\nit illustrates the difference a donor can make to an\n\nunderfunded situation. It built on funding from\n\nother Member States such as France and Canada,\n\nand over $11 million in unearmarked funding from\n\nglobal donors. In 2021, the 10 situations in this\n\nreport have received a total of $180 million in\n\nunearmarked funding, with Norway, Sweden and\n\nEspa\u00f1a con ACNUR the leading donors. UNHCR\n\nis grateful to all its donors, but unearmarked\n\n[contributions are the most flexible, empowering it](https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Flexible%20Funding%20Report%202020.pdf)\n\nto prioritize the most pressing needs at any\n\nmoment.\n\n\n_A Nigerian refugee cradles her baby girl, born soon after she walked all_\n_night to flee into Niger, along with thousands of others, from bandits_\n_attacking on the town of Rambadawa. \u00a9 UNHCR/Selim Meddeb Hamrouni_\n\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n##### How donors can help make the difference\n\n\nDonors to UNHCR can help women, girls, men and boys who were forced to flee their homes and have\n\nleft everything behind. Even given the high levels of underfunding at the situational and operational\n\nlevels, donors can still make a difference in the lives of people forced to flee. Here are a few examples\n\nof how donor contributions can make a positive difference to the lives of people caught up in the most\n\nunderfunded situations:\n\n\n**COVID-19:**\n\n**\u2022** $3 could provide protective gear for a health care worker in refugee camps in Iraq. This includes a\nsurgical mask, a pair of gloves, a pair of disposable shoes and a disposable medical gown.\n\n**\u2022** $41 could provide a health worker in Burundi with a PPE kit, including a N95 mask, five disposable\ngowns, 30 powder-free gloves and a pair of goggles.\n\n**\u2022** $154 could provide an emergency cash lifeline to a family hit by COVID-19 in Yemen.\n\n[To donate towards the COVID-19 situation: donate.unhcr.org/Coronavirus](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/covid-19-emergency)\n\n\n**Iraq situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $240 could provide an IDP family in Iraq with a whole set of core relief items, including mattresses,\nfleece blankets, a kitchen set, jerry cans, a plastic sheet, a sleeping mat and a solar lamp.\n\n**\u2022** $313 could help UNHCR support a survivor of gender-based violence in Iraq with psychosocial\ncounselling.\n\n\n[To donate towards the Iraq situation: donate.unhcr.org/Iraq](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/iraq-emergency)\n\n\n**Syria situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $200 could provide a family of five in Syria with a core relief items kit, including mattresses, fleece\nblankets, a kitchen set, jerry cans, a plastic sheet, a sleeping mat and a solar lamp.\n\n**\u2022** $411 is enough for the monthly incentive of a community health worker volunteer in Jordan.\n\n**\u2022** $540 could subsidize lifesaving, emergency or obstetric health care for one patient in Lebanon.\n\n\n[To donate towards the Syria situation: donate.unhcr.org/Syria](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/syria-emergency)\n\n\n**South Sudan situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $194 could provide learning material for teachers and students in Sudan.\n\n**\u2022** $35,000 could rehabilitate 6 classroom structures in refugee and host community schools in Sudan.\n\n\n[To donate towards the South Sudan situation: donate.unhcr.org/South-Sudan](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/south-sudan-emergency)\n\n\n**The Democratic Republic of the Congo situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $6 could provide a blanket to a displaced child in DRC.\n\n**\u2022** $250 could provide 100 sleeping mats to people displaced in DRC.\n\n**\u2022** $600 could help provide 100 displaced people with a blanket in DRC.\n\n\n[To donate towards the DRC situation: donate.unhcr.org/DRC](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/democratic-republic-congo-emergency)\n\n\n**Nigeria situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $4 could support UNHCR to enrol a refugee child with special needs in school in Chad.\n\n**\u2022** $5 could provide a high thermal fleece blanket to a displaced person for cold winter nights in Niger.\n\n\n1 3 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR\u2019S MOST UNDERFUNDED SITUATIONS IN 2021\n\n\n**\u2022** $20 is enough to provide a hygiene kit to a refugee girl in Cameroon so she does not miss out on\nschool when she has her period.\n\n**\u2022** $100,000 could help construct or improve over 81 educational facilities to support the education of\n20,280 students and teachers for six months.\n\n[To donate towards the Nigeria situation: donate.unhcr.org/Nigeria](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/nigeria-emergency)\n\n\n**Somalia situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $3 could cover the cost of a school kit for a refugee child in Kenya, including five exercise books,\nthree pencils, three pens, an eraser, and a small bag.\n\n**\u2022** $200 could provide lab supplies, stationery and textbooks for one year for a refugee child\nattending a secondary school in Kenya.\n\n**\u2022** $250 could support a refugee family in Yemen during the COVID-19 pandemic to take care of their\nmedical needs, mitigate the socio-economic impact of the virus, and help them address their most\nurgent needs.\n\n\n[To donate towards the Somalia situation: donate.unhcr.org](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/general)\n\n\n**Myanmar situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $180 could provide a family in Myanmar with emergency shelter and core relief items to meet their\ndomestic needs during displacement.\n\n**\u2022** $9,000 could help build houses for 8 families living in camps in Myanmar and protect them from\nthe elements.\n\n**\u2022** $50,000 could help rehabilitate or build new community structures like water ponds, roads, and\nschools to benefit local villages and promote peaceful co-existence between communities in Myanmar.\n\n\n[To donate towards the Myanmar situation: donate.unhcr.org/Myanmar](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/myanmar-situation)\n\n\n**Venezuela situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $37 could provide a person with a \u201ccloth kit\u201d (including a bed sheet, two t-shirts and a sweatshirt)\nin Paraguay.\n\n**\u2022** $271 could provide a family in Peru with a special kit for survivors of gender-based violence\n(including diapers, wet towels, sanitary pads, cereal bars, baby compote, laundry soap, washing\npowder, bottles of water, toothbrushes, toothpaste, deodorants, shampoo, soaps, blankets, a\nportable electric stove, a kitchen set, dried food and milk powder, towels, socks, t-shirts, alcohol\ngel, masks, gloves and a travelling bag).\n\n**\u2022** $400 could provide cash for a family of four or more in Argentina to cover essential needs such as\nrent and food for one month.\n\n[To donate towards the Venezueal situation: donate.unhcr.org/Venezuela](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/venezuela-emergency)\n\n\n**Burundi situation:**\n\n**\u2022** $2 could provide a hygiene kit to a refugee woman in Burundi (including a loincloth, underpants,\nskin cream, slippers and sanitary towels).\n\n**\u2022** $47 could provide specialized assistance to single mothers and survivors of gender-based\nviolence in Burundi.\n\n[To donate towards the Burundi situation: donate.unhcr.org/Burundi](https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/burundi-emergency)\n\n\n1 4 UNHCR / September 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **UNHCR\u2019S MOST** **UNDERFUNDED** **SITUATIONS** **IN 2021**\n\n**September 2021**\n\n\n**UNHCR**\nP.O. Box 2500\n1211 Geneva 2\nSwitzerland\n\n\nFor information and inquires\nplease contact:\nDonor Relations and\nResource Mobilization Service\nHQGARS@unhcr.org\n\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d7afcc1-c6dd-37a7-a788-8ffc9cee8740/Underfunding-Report-2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_733/raw/doc_733_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_733/raw/doc_733_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dd4255d51dde7a652acfdef7f76dff17dcb13101..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_733/raw/doc_733_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1040 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES OF\n## URBAN AND CAMP-BASED REFUGEES IN KENYA\n\n### Comparative analysis brief 2018 Kalobeyei settlement, 2019 Kakuma camp, and 2020-21 Urban Socioeconomic Surveys [\uf02a][1]\n\n2021\n\n\n_Summary findings and recommendations_\n\n\nThe comparative analysis on the socioeconomic conditions of urban and camp-based refugees in Kenya builds upon the\nfindings of the Kalobeyei, Kakuma and Urban Socioeconomic Surveys (SES). It offers an analytical understanding about\nkey differences between refugees while providing explanations, and policy recommendations. [2]\n\n\nFinding Recommendations\n\nRefugees in Kenya are not systematically Systematic inclusion of refugees in national household surveys\nincluded in national surveys, which results in a complemented by specific refugee and host community\nlack of comparable socioeconomic data of surveys can provide evidence for policy planning and\nrefugees and their hosts. programming. Panel surveys can offer a better understanding\n\nof changes over time to inform durable solutions.\n\n\n_Urban and camp-based refugees_\n\n\n\nCamp-based refugees are more likely to live in\nunimproved houses, to suffer from\novercrowding and to use biomass fuel s for\ncooking than those in urban areas (65, 17 and\n65 percentage points respectively). Urban\nnon-protracted households are more likely\nthan protracted ones to live in unimproved\nhouses, with protracted households being\nmore likely to suffer from overcrowding.\nAlthough less often than in camps, urban\nhouseholds also use biomass fuels for cooking.\n\n\n\nCamp-based refugees are more likely to live in _Short-term priorities:_ Scaling up permanent shelters in\nunimproved houses, to suffer from Kalobeyei with extension to Kakuma through ongoing cashovercrowding and to use biomass fuel s for based interventions as well as subsidies and vouchers can be\ncooking than those in urban areas (65, 17 and crucial to improve refugees\u2019 living conditions. [3] Increasing\n65 percentage points respectively). Urban funding for national housing programs such as the informal\nnon-protracted households are more likely settlements upgrade schemes, to address host\u2019s needs while\nthan protracted ones to live in unimproved including refugees can also reduce overcrowding. Increasing\nhouses, with protracted households being access to clean cooking fuels is key to enhance health\nmore likely to suffer from overcrowding. outcomes mainly for women and children under age 5.\nAlthough less often than in camps, urban Expanding energy access, particularly moving host and refugee\nhouseholds also use biomass fuels for cooking. households up the energy ladder to non-biomass fuels is key\n\nto enhance health outcomes specifically for cooks (primarily\nwomen) and their accompanying children.\n\nBank account ownership is low in both _Medium-term priorities:_ Expanding access to bank accounts\nlocations (10 percent). Camp-based refugees and mobile money, especially among urban refugees, is key to\nare 40 percentage points more likely to have increase access to formal loans, improve savings, and access to\nbank accounts while urban refugees are more credit. This can help start and grow businesses as well as\nlikely to use mobile banking. Access to loans in smooth consumption shocks. Collaborations with the private\nboth areas is mostly informal with camp- sector, simplification of requirements for SIM card registration\nbased refugees being 22 percentage points as well as by embedding refugees in government led social\nless likely to have access to loans. protection safety nets can support these efforts.\n\n\n\n_Medium-term priorities:_ Expanding access to bank accounts\nand mobile money, especially among urban refugees, is key to\nincrease access to formal loans, improve savings, and access to\ncredit. This can help start and grow businesses as well as\nsmooth consumption shocks. Collaborations with the private\nsector, simplification of requirements for SIM card registration\nas well as by embedding refugees in government led social\nprotection safety nets can support these efforts.\n\n\n\n\n- This brief was prepared by a team led by Utz Pape (World Bank) and Theresa Beltramo (UNHCR). The team consisted, Jedidiah Fix (UNHCR), Florence\nNimoh (UNHCR), Ibrahima Sarr (UNHCR) and Laura Abril R\u00edos Rivera (World Bank). The team would like to thank the peer reviewers Christina Wieser\n(World Bank) and Nga Thi Viet Nguyen (World Bank).\nThis work is part of the Prospects partnership program funded through the Multi Donor Trust Fund for Forced Displacement (FDTF) administered by the\nWorld Bank.\n\n1 To ease readability, the brief refers to Kalobeyei settlement and Kakuma camp as \u2018camps\u2019 while acknowledging that they are different.\n\n2 Comparability between camp- and urban refugees may be affected by the timing of the data collection and the COVID\u201919 outbreak.\n\n3 UNHCR, \u201cKISEDP. Kalobeyei Integrated Socio-Economic Development Plan in Turkana West.\u201d\n\n\ni\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kalobeyei, Kakuma and Urban Socioeconomic Surveys", - "confidence": 0.8956769108772278, - "start": 64, - "end": 71 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SES", - "confidence": 0.9907799363136292, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "KENYA", - "confidence": 0.7910366058349609, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7522211670875549, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020-21", - "confidence": 0.6664798259735107, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "URBAN AND CAMP-BASED REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.5319052934646606, - "start": 8, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national household surveys", - "confidence": 0.776214599609375, - "start": 109, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "KENYA", - "confidence": 0.6819737553596497, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.7533165216445923, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.9147244691848755, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.7254023551940918, - "start": 169, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SIM card registration", - "confidence": 0.8855741024017334, - "start": 559, - "end": 562 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.820344090461731, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Camp-based refugees are 19 percentage\npoints less likely to have positive perceptions\nabout trust in the host community than urbanbased refugees. However, perceptions of\nsecurity and participation in decision-making\nare higher in camps than in urban areas.\n\n\n\n_Medium-term_ _priorities:_ Accelerating area-based\ninterventions providing integrated service delivery for\nrefugees and hosts while fostering socioeconomic interactions\nand expanding similar programs in urban areas will be crucial\nto improve social cohesion. Collaborating with governments to\nenhance security in urban areas is important to improve\nperceptions of safety. Strengthening communication\nmechanisms between refugees, organizations, and the\ngovernment could be instrumental to raise concerns of\nrefugees and improve participation in decision making.\n\n\n\n_Kakuma and Kalobeyei-based refugees_\n\nRefugees in Kalobeyei spend around 50\npercent more than those in Kakuma on food\nand non-food items which can be partly\nexplained by the difference in the type of food\nassistance. [4] 60 percent of camp-based\nrefugees are highly food insecure without\nsignificant differences between camps.\n\n\n\nRefugees in Kalobeyei spend around 50 _Short term priorities:_ Synchronizing cash transfer between\npercent more than those in Kakuma on food agencies is essential to improve food assistance and support\nand non-food items which can be partly households\u2019 capacity to allocate resources and prioritize cash\nexplained by the difference in the type of food utilization. Shifting from in-kind to cash transfers will be crucial\nassistance. [4] 60 percent of camp-based to improve food security among camp-based refugees. Cash\nrefugees are highly food insecure without transfers for refugees can be a more cost-efficient way\nsignificant differences between camps. forward and can increase food consumption. [5]\n\n\nEmployment rates are very low with refugees _Short-term priorities:_ Increasing employment opportunities,\nin Kakuma being 21 percentage points less through improving pathways for refugees to legally access\nlikely to be employed than those in Kalobeyei. work can be further enhanced. Strategies may include the\nLiterate refugees are 11 percentage points engagement of the private sector to enable the creation of job\nmore likely to be employed than those who markets, easing access to credit markets, strengthening\nare illiterate. 52 percent of youth (15-29) in business skills coupled with cash grants, second-chance\ncamps are not in employment, education, or education programs for adults and children out of school\ntraining (NEET). People NEET are more likely linked to financial support and competency-based training or\nto be in their 20s, to have no education and apprenticeships. Kiswahili and English literacy programs can\nare not proficient in Kenya\u2019s official languages. help increase participation in the paid labor market.\n\n\n\nEmployment rates are very low with refugees _Short-term priorities:_ Increasing employment opportunities,\nin Kakuma being 21 percentage points less through improving pathways for refugees to legally access\nlikely to be employed than those in Kalobeyei. work can be further enhanced. Strategies may include the\nLiterate refugees are 11 percentage points engagement of the private sector to enable the creation of job\nmore likely to be employed than those who markets, easing access to credit markets, strengthening\nare illiterate. 52 percent of youth (15-29) in business skills coupled with cash grants, second-chance\ncamps are not in employment, education, or education programs for adults and children out of school\ntraining (NEET). People NEET are more likely linked to financial support and competency-based training or\nto be in their 20s, to have no education and apprenticeships. Kiswahili and English literacy programs can\nare not proficient in Kenya\u2019s official languages. help increase participation in the paid labor market.\n\n\nAttendance rates, especially at the secondary _Short-term priorities:_ The transition to secondary school can\nlevel, are low and not significantly different (5 be enhanced by investing in scholarship programs, conditional\npercent in Kalobeyei and 14 percent in cash transfers, and strengthening the Free Day Secondary\nKakuma). Education program and recognition of prior learning can be\n\n\n\n_Short-term priorities:_ The transition to secondary school can\nbe enhanced by investing in scholarship programs, conditional\ncash transfers, and strengthening the Free Day Secondary\nEducation program and recognition of prior learning can be\nkey to support transition\n_Medium-term priorities:_ Constructing new facilities and\nclassrooms in existing schools and inclusion of refugees into\nthe National Education Management Information System\n(NEMIS) can also increase transition to secondary school.\n\n\n\n_Refugee women specific vulnerabilities_\n\nWomen refugees are more likely to live in\novercrowded rooms, are less likely to receive\nremittances and have lower access to loans\nand mobile banking. Women headed\nhouseholds have worse perceptions of safety\nthan those headed by men. Camp-based\nwomen who head households with at least\none child under 5 years of age are less likely to\nbe employed. Youth who are NEET are more\nlikely to be women.\n\n\n\n_Short-term priorities:_ Women and girls\u2019 empowerment\nprograms in camp and urban areas can help alleviate barriers\nto access socioeconomic opportunities as well as to build and\nmaintain human capital. Financial inclusion programs coupled\nwith entrepreneurship skills, business training and cash grants\ntargeting women, especially those with young dependents,\ncan be a starting point to unlock refugee women\u2019s\nsocioeconomic potential.\n_Medium-term priorities:_ Further research is crucial to provide\na deeper understanding regarding such barriers and how to\novercome them through gender-responsive solutions.\n\n\n\n4 While refugees in Kakuma receive 70 percent of food aid in kind and 30 percent in cash, refugees in Kalobeyei receive 100 percent of food aid in cash\nthrough the Bamba Chakula program. Bamba Chakula (\u201cget your food\u201d) is a monthly transfer on SIM-cards that beneficiaries use to purchase food items\nfrom registered traders.\n\n5 Delius and Sterck. 2020. \u201cCash Transfers and Micro-Enterprise Performance: Theory and Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Kenya.\u201d\n\n\nii\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "food\nassistance", - "confidence": 0.7073360681533813, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp-based\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.6891852617263794, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Education Management Information System", - "confidence": 0.9989376664161682, - "start": 762, - "end": 767 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "NEMIS", - "confidence": 0.9881207942962646, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9665271639823914, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Table 1: Refugees\u2019 and hosts\u2019 living conditions summary_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|CAMPS|Col4|Col5|URBAN AREAS|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||Kalobeyei
Refugees (SES
2018)
Men (50%)
Women (50%)|Kakuma
Refugees (SES
2019)
Men (54%)
Women (46%)|Turkana
Hosts (KIHBS
2015/16)
Men (52%)
Women (48%)|Refugees (SES
2020/21)
Men (51%)
Women (49%)|Hosts (KIHBS
2015/16)
Men (52%)
Women (48%)|\n||Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|Gender|\n||Age|Below 18: 71%
Above 64: 0.6%|Below 18: 61%
Above 64: 0.4%|Below 18: 60%
Above 64: 0.4%|Below 18: 45%
Above 64: 1.8%|
Below 18: 32%
Above 64: 0.7%|\n|
|Dependency
ratio|1.9|1.2|1.4|0.6|0.4|\n||Women-
headed
households|66%|56%|47%|41%|32%|\n||Improved
housing|5%|3%|8%|82%|78%|\n||Improved
drinking|100%|100%|71%|91%|92%|\n||Improved
sanitation6|52%
Sharing: 66%|78%
Sharing: 37%|19%
Sharing: --|84%
Sharing: 68%|99%
Sharing: --|\n||Biomass Fuels
as main
source of
energy for
cooking|
--|100%|98%|26%|10%|\n||Primary Net
Enrolment
rate*|77%|82%|59%|69%|90%|\n||Secondary Net
Enrolment
rate*|
5%|14%|23%|28%|61%|\n||Employment
Rate*
|39%|20%|42%|42%|66%|\n|
|
LSCI Food
Insecurity|61%|58%|--|61%|--|\n\n\n\n_Source: Kalobeyei SES (2018); Kakuma SES (2019); Urban SES (2020-21); KCHS (2019)_\n_Note: Urban Estimates may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic._\n\n\n6 Sharing of toilet imply the household share the toilet facility with others who are not members of the household.\n\n\niii\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Context\n\n#### **A. CONTEXT**\n\n\n**Kenya hosts over half a million refugees, who along with their hosts in urban and camp areas,**\n**face difficult living conditions and limited socioeconomic opportunities.** [7] Most refugees in Kenya live in\ncamps located in the impoverished counties of Turkana (40 percent) and Garissa (44 percent), while 16\npercent inhabit urban areas\u2014mainly in Nairobi but also in Mombasa and Nakuru. [8] Refugees in Kenya\nhave become an integral part of the social, cultural, and economic fabric of the country and the local\ncommunities that host them. Socioeconomic interactions between refugees and hosts, especially in camp\nareas, have helped to boost the overall economic landscape and improve nutritional outcomes and wellbeing for both communities. [9] Nevertheless, refugees and hosts communities continue to face poor living\nconditions, restricted access to socioeconomic opportunities and specific vulnerabilities which need to\nbe understood through socioeconomic data to inform the design and implementation of solutions. [10]\n\n**Refugees in Kenya are not systematically included in national surveys, creating a lack of**\n**comparable socioeconomic data of camp-based and urban refugees, and their hosts.** Even though\npreceding research provides useful information on the living conditions of urban and camp-based\nrefugees and their hosts, data gaps persist. **[11]** Limitations include a lack of comparable socioeconomic data\nfor both communities as well as scarce and/or outdated data on the living conditions of refugees,\nespecially in urban areas, which limits comparisons between urban and camp-based communities. The\npresent analysis focuses on the latter data limitation. Understanding the socioeconomic needs of urban\nand camp-based refugees in Kenya is crucial, especially in face of ongoing conflicts, environmental\nhazards and others shocks, as well as the recent government announcement to close Kenya\u2019s refugee\ncamps which highlights the potential move of refugees from camps into urban settings. **[12]** A deeper\nunderstanding of refugees\u2019 socioeconomic needs can help inform targeted interventions to enable selfreliance while uncovering under-researched dynamics adding to the growing body of evidence on the\nsocioeconomic differences between urban and camp-based refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa.\n\n**This comparative examination on the socioeconomic conditions of urban and camp-based**\n**refugees helps close data gaps by offering an analytical understanding about key differences between**\n**refugees while providing explanations, and policy recommendations.** The Kalobeyei 2018, Kakuma 2019\nand Urban 2020-21 Socioeconomic Surveys (SES), initiated by the World Bank and the UNHCR, were used\nto select key findings which can help understand factors driving socioeconomic differences between\nurban and camp-based refugees. [13] The comparative analysis presents differences between urban and\ncamp-based refugees with regards to housing, energy, sanitation, access to finance, and social cohesion\nwhile covering specific differences on education and livelihoods for camp-based refugees in Kalobeyei\nsettlement and Kakuma camp (Box A-A-1).\n\n\n_Box A-A-1: Survey Design and Methodology_\n\n\n**The SESs are representative of urban refugees and camp-based refugees in Turkana county.** For the Kalobeyei\n2018 and Urban 2020-21 SES, households were randomly selected from the UNHCR registration database\n(proGres), while a complete list of dwellings, obtained from UNHCR\u2019s dwelling mapping exercise was used to draw\n\n\n7 UNHCR, \u201cAfrica.\u201d\n\n8 UNHCR, \u201cKenya: Registered Refugees and Asylum-Seekers. July 2020.\u201d\n\n9 Betts, Omata, and Sterck, \u201cRefugee Economies in Kenya\u201d; World Bank, \u201c\u2018Yes\u2019 In My Backyard? The Economics of Refugees and Their Social\nDynamics in Kakuma, Kenya.\u201d\n\n10 Verwimp and Maystadt, \u201cForced Displacement and Refugees in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: An Economic Inquiry\u201d; United Nations, \u201cGlobal Compact\non Refugees.\u201d\n\n11 See Annex 11 UNHCR and World Bank, \u201cUnderstanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kenya. Volume B: Kakuma Camp.\u201d\n\n12 The Guardian, \u201cUN Outlines Plan to Close Camps Housing 430,000 Refugees in Kenya.\u201d\n\n13 To ease readability, the brief refers to Kalobeyei settlement and Kakuma camp as \u2018camps\u2019 while acknowledging that they are different.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national surveys", - "confidence": 0.9874730110168457, - "start": 208, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "socioeconomic data", - "confidence": 0.5449072122573853, - "start": 184, - "end": 186 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8860214352607727, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "preceding research", - "confidence": 0.6751654744148254, - "start": 236, - "end": 238 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban and camp-based\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.5027608871459961, - "start": 246, - "end": 250 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kalobeyei 2018", - "confidence": 0.871161162853241, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SES", - "confidence": 0.5787305235862732, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.5097565650939941, - "start": 481, - "end": 483 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa", - "confidence": 0.720443069934845, - "start": 414, - "end": 416 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8497726321220398, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6673936247825623, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban\nand camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.5260725617408752, - "start": 321, - "end": 325 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR registration database", - "confidence": 0.5305473804473877, - "start": 598, - "end": 601 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6170684695243835, - "start": 561, - "end": 562 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "proGres", - "confidence": 0.6284564137458801, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7829304933547974, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkana county", - "confidence": 0.532564103603363, - "start": 578, - "end": 580 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7466627359390259, - "start": 592, - "end": 593 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Context\n\n\nthe sample for the Kakuma 2019 SES. [14] The Kalobeyei SES and Kakuma SES were done via Computer-Assisted\n\n\nPersonal Interviews (CAPI). Due to COVID-19 social distancing measures, the Urban SES was collected via Computer\nAssisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). The Kalobeyei SES covers 6004 households; the Kakuma SES covers 2,127\nhouseholds; and the Urban SES covers 2,438 households in Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa.\n**Questionnaires are aligned with national household survey instruments, while additional modules are added to**\n**explore refugee-specific dynamics.** The SES include modules on demographics, household characteristics, assets,\nemployment, education, consumption, and expenditure, which are aligned with Kenya Integrated Household\nBudget (KIHBS) Survey 2015/16 and the recent Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS) 2019. Additional\nmodules on access to services, vulnerabilities, social cohesion, coping mechanisms to lack of food, displacement\n\ntrajectories and durable solutions are administered to capture refugee-specific challenges. [15]\n\n\n_Box A-2: Limitations_\n\n\n**The mode of data collection limits comparability between urban and camp-based refugees.** As the Urban SES\nwas collected through CATI, the representativeness of the sample and external validity can be limited due to\n\ntelephone coverage, low participation, and response rates. [16] These limitations are a possible source of bias, which\n\n\ncan be partially addressed by adjusting the survey weights using information from the population data. While the\nsampling weights for the Urban SES accounts for differences that might exist between households that have\nphones and all households, it does not account for differences in responses that may arise as a result of collecting\ndata through CATI and CAPI. In addition, the training of enumerators and fieldworks may differ between phone\nsurveys and face-to-face surveys which can affect the comparison between urban and camp-based refugees.\n**Comparisons between urban and camp-based refugees are also limited by the timing of the data collection.** Since\ncamp-based refugee data were collected before the COVID-19 outbreak while that of urban refugees were\ncollected after the outbreak, some socioeconomic dimensions are expected to have changed as a result of the\npandemic impacts. Socioeconomic dimensions that are assumed to not have significantly changed due to the\npandemic are compared between urban and camp-based refugees, these are, housing, energy, sanitation, access\nto finance, and social cohesion. As it is likely that education, livelihoods, and food insecurity fluctuated due to the\nCOVID-19 outbreak, differences on these are presented only for camp-based refugees. Furthermore, comparability\nbetween camp-based and urban refugees is limited by a gap of one to two years between the Urban SES and camp\n\n14 The difference in sampling schemes was driven by the timing of the UNHCR Registration Verification Exercise (VRX) in each location. For the\nKalobeyei SES, the survey data collection coincided with the VRX and thus, households were selected during the VRX interviews with a fixed\nprobability. All household were administered the VRX questionnaire while only a random subset completed the Kalobeyei SES questionnaire.\nSince the Kakuma SES was completed after the VRX data collection was finalized, a complete list of dwellings was used to select the survey\nsample. In turn, the Urban SES used as a sampling frame the urban VRX which was updated before the data collection.\n\n15 A Linear Probability Model (LPM) is used to examine the differences between urban-based and camp-based refugees:\n\n\ud835\udc4c= \ud835\udefd0 + \ud835\udefd1 \u2217\ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d+ \ud835\udefd2 \u2217\ud835\udc3e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e+ \ud835\udefd3 \u2217\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc51+ \ud835\udefd4 \u2217\ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\u2217\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc51+ \ud835\udefd5 \u2217\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51+ \ud835\udefd6 \u2217\ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\u2217\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51\n\n+ \ud835\udefd7 \u2217\ud835\udc42\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b+ \ud835\udeff\u2217\ud835\udc4b+ \ud835\udf00\nWhere \ud835\udc4c is the dependent variable, \ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d is a dummy indicating whether the household resides in camp (Kakuma, Kalobeyei) or not, \ud835\udc3e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e\nis a dummy for Kakuma, \ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc51 is a dummy for women-headed households, \ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\u2217\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc51 is a dummy for woman-headed\nhouseholds in camp, \ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51 is a dummy indicating if the household is protracted or not, \ud835\udc36\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\u2217\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51 is a dummy indicating if the\nhousehold is protracted and resides in camp, and \ud835\udc42\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc54\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b is a categorical variable for country of origin of the head. \ud835\udc4b is a vector of household\nand head characteristics and \ud835\udf00 is the error term. \ud835\udefd1 is the main variable of interest that measures the impact of residing in camp. \ud835\udefd2 is the effect\nfor Kakuma households compared to Kalobeyei households. \ud835\udefd3 is the effect for woman-headed households compared to man-headed\nhouseholds in urban areas. \ud835\udefd4 and \ud835\udefd6 measure the additional effects for women-headed households and protracted households in camps\nrespectively. The parameter combination \ud835\udefd3 + \ud835\udefd4 measures the effect for woman-headed households compared to man-headed households in\ncamps. Similarly, the parameter combination \ud835\udefd5 + \ud835\udefd6 measures the effect for protracted households compared to non-protracted households in\ncamps. The LPM would provide consistent and unbiased results for binary response if no or very few predicted probabilities lie outside the unit\ninterval. In our estimation, very few of the observations fall outside the unit interval (Horrace and Oaxaca 2005). As robustness check, we exclude\nthese observations from the estimation and obtained very similar results (See Annex). We also use robust standard errors to control for possible\nheteroskedasticity that Ordinary Least Square (OLS) may impose. As another robustness check, we use logit to estimate the models and the\nresults are very similar to the LPM. Horrace and Oaxaca, \u201cResults on the Bias and Inconsistency of Ordinary Least Squares for the Linear\nProbability Mode.\u201d\n\n16 Ambel, McGee, and Tsegay, \u201cReducing Bias in Phone Survey Samples.\u201d\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kakuma 2019 SES", - "confidence": 0.773299515247345, - "start": 5, - "end": 8 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7502784132957458, - "start": 89, - "end": 90 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.5349231958389282, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9294367432594299, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7104867696762085, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8764006495475769, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "KCHS", - "confidence": 0.9375917315483093, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8792538046836853, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7742142677307129, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CATI", - "confidence": 0.5078158974647522, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CATI", - "confidence": 0.8355902433395386, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.5902707576751709, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CAPI", - "confidence": 0.5596863627433777, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.5416264533996582, - "start": 342, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "camp-based refugee data", - "confidence": 0.5017608404159546, - "start": 367, - "end": 370 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.5341508984565735, - "start": 342, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kalobeyei SES", - "confidence": 0.5704010128974915, - "start": 521, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5942268967628479, - "start": 525, - "end": 526 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6938052177429199, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9471567869186401, - "start": 535, - "end": 536 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "urban VRX", - "confidence": 0.9882722496986389, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "LPM", - "confidence": 0.846577525138855, - "start": 893, - "end": 894 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Horrace and Oaxaca", - "confidence": 0.703522264957428, - "start": 931, - "end": 934 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.752835750579834, - "start": 934, - "end": 935 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Phone Survey Samples", - "confidence": 0.6871298551559448, - "start": 1035, - "end": 1038 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Horrace and Oaxaca", - "confidence": 0.7715848684310913, - "start": 931, - "end": 934 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.5392462611198425, - "start": 934, - "end": 935 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Demographic profiles of refugees in Kenya\n\n\nbased SES, during which camp averages might have changed. While comparisons with hosts are not included due\nto time differences in the data collection, the individual SES reports, provide comprehensive refugee-host\n\ncomparisons. [17]\n\n#### **B. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES OF REFUGEES IN KENYA**\n\n\n**Since the 1990s, Kenya has been hosting refugees mainly from South Sudan, DR Congo, and**\n**Somalia.** Most refugees were displaced after 2007 with a peak in 2016 and a subsequent fall in 2017\n(Figure B-1). 74 percent of refugees in Kalobeyei and 52 percent of those in Kakuma are from South Sudan\n(Figure B-2). 23 percent of Kakuma refugees are from Somalia while Kalobeyei settlement hosts ethnic\nSomalis displaced mainly from Ethiopia\u2019s Ogaden region (13 percent). About 89 percent of urban refugees\nlive in Nairobi, 4 percent live in Nakuru and 7 percent in Mombasa. Most refugees in Nakuru are South\nSudanese (73 percent) while in Mombasa Somalis are the majority (84 percent). In Nairobi 44 percent are\nfrom DR Congo and 22 percent from Somalia.\n\n**Camp-based refugees are younger, their households are mostly headed by women and have**\n**higher dependency ratios than urban households.** Compared to 45 percent of urban refugees, 71 percent\nof refugees in Kalobeyei and 61 percent in Kakuma are 18 years and below. Unlike urban households,\nmost camp-households are headed by women. Dependency ratios are also higher in camps (Table 1).\n\n\n_Figure B-1: Year of arrival of household head by location_ _Figure B-2: Main countries of origin_\n\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n20\n\n\n10\n\n\n0\n\n\nKalobeyei Kakuma Urban\n\n\n_Source: UNHCR (2021). UNHCR proGres Registration Database Sub-_\n_Sample. Data not publicly available_\n\n\n\nOverall Kalobeyei Kakuma Urban\n\n\nSouth Sudan Somalia Ethiopia\nBurundi DR Congo Other\n\n\n_Source: Kalobeyei SES (2018); Kakuma SES (2019);_\n_Urban SES (2020-21)_\n\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Living conditions in Turkana County compared to those in Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa**\n**counties are difficult and often involve more socioeconomic limitations.** Turkana County, where\nrefugees in Kakuma and Kalobeyei reside, is among the poorest and remotest counties in Kenya with\nlimited employment opportunities, access to basic services, and infrastructure. In Turkana County, 72\npercent of Kenyans live below the international poverty line of USD 1.9 per day, versus 4 percent for\nNairobi County, 18 percent for urban Nakuru and 10 percent for urban Mombasa where urban refugees\nreside. [18] In Turkana County access to basic services is very limited compared to urban areas in Nairobi,\nNakuru and Mombasa (Table A-1). While 95 percent of urban households have access to electricity, only\n9 percent do so in Turkana. Similarly, access to improved sanitation in Turkana County is very low\ncompared to urban areas (19 percent \u2018vs.\u2019 99 percent respectively). Education and employment rates are\n\n\n17 For detailed comparisons between refugees and hosts: UNHCR and World Bank, \u201cUnderstanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in\nKenya. Volume A: Kalobeyei Settlement\u201d; UNHCR and World Bank, \u201cUnderstanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kenya. Volume\nB: Kakuma Camp\u201d; UNHCR and World Bank, \u201cUnderstanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kenya. Volume C: Urban Areas.\u201d\n\n18 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, \u201cBasic Report 2015/16 KIHBS.\u201d\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "individual SES reports", - "confidence": 0.6720492839813232, - "start": 34, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "comprehensive refugee-host\n\ncomparisons", - "confidence": 0.5687288045883179, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.7220628261566162, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6025151610374451, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1990s", - "confidence": 0.7038062214851379, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9016628861427307, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Urban and camp-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\nalso lower in Turkana County compared to urban areas (Table 1). These factors in Turkana County might\nexacerbate the difficult living conditions of camp-based refugees.\n\n#### **C. URBAN AND CAMP-BASED REFUGEES\u2019 COMPARATIVE PATTERNS**\n\n\ni. Housing, energy, and sanitation\n\n\n_Camp-based refugees are less likely to live in improved houses, more likely to live in_\n_overcrowded rooms and more likely to use biomass fuels for cooking. Access to sanitation varies_\n_within urban and camp areas._\n\n\n**Camp-based refugees are less likely to live in improved houses than those living in urban areas**\n**with significant variations by the date in which the head of household arrived in Kenya.** Most houses in\ncamps, especially those in Kakuma, are constructed with unimproved materials such as mud, iron sheets\nand tent materials (temporary shelters), while urban refugees mostly live in houses constructed with\ncement blocks and stones. [19,20] The type of housing depends on the date in which the household head\narrived in Kenya, with variations by location (Table A-1 Column 1). In urban areas, overall, protracted\nhouseholds (those whose head arrived in Kenya 5 or more years ago) are 6 percentage points more likely\nto live in improved houses than non-protracted households. In camps, there is no difference among\nprotracted and non-protracted households in access to improved housing. Importantly, living in improved\nhousing has been shown to be effective to controlling malaria, while having positive implications on\neducational outcomes. [21]\n\n**Overcrowded rooms are more common among camp-based refugees, urban women-headed**\n**households, and protracted urban households.** [22] Camp-based refugees are 17 percentage points more\nlikely to live in crowded rooms than urban-based households (Table A-1 column 4). This may partly be\nexplained by their larger household sizes compared to urban-based households (6.2 vs. 3.2, p<0.01). In\nurban areas, women-headed households are 7 percentage points more likely to face overcrowding in\nrooms than their male counterparts (Table A-1 **Error! Reference source not found.** column 6). Differences\nby gender are not significant in camps. Protracted households in urban areas are 4 percentage points\nmore likely to be crowded in rooms than non-protracted ones, with no such difference in camps.\nProtracted households tend to have larger household sizes than non-protracted ones. Thus, the higher\nincidence of overcrowding among urban protracted households, could be linked to household sizes\nincreasing according to the length of displacement and partly to difficulties in access affordable housing.\nOvercrowding is linked to stress, poor health and educational outcomes, and intergenerational\ntransmission of social inequality. [23]\n\n**The use of biomass as the main fuel for cooking is more prevalent in camps, mainly among**\n**woman-headed households and protracted households in urban areas.** [24] Camp-based refugees in\nKakuma are 65 percentage points more likely to use biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal) for cooking\n\n\n19 Improved housing is defined as having improved floor, wall and roof construction. Improved floor consists of floor constructed with\ntablets/wood planks, palm/bamboo/mat/adobe/polished wood, vinyl/asphalt, ceramic tiles, cement, carpet, stone and bricks. Improved wall\nmaterials consist of cement, stone with lime/cement, bricks, cement blocks, covered adobe, wood planks/shingles and burnt bricks with cement.\nImproved roof types are made with metal, wood, ceramic tiles, cement, asbestos. IFC, \u201cDHS Analytical Studies. Using Household Survey Data to\nExplore the Effects of Improved Housing Conditions on Malaria Infection in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa.\u201d\n\n20 According to UNHCR-Kenya 5,378 permanent houses were built in Kalobeyei settlement after the SES was conducted in 2018.\n\n21 Cunningham and MacDonald, \u201cHousing as a Platform for Improving Education Outcomes among Low-Income Children\u201d; IFC, \u201cDHS Analytical\nStudies. Using Household Survey Data to Explore the Effects of Improved Housing Conditions on Malaria Infection in Children in Sub-Saharan\nAfrica.\u201d\n\n22 Living in overcrowded room is defined as having three or more people occupying a room.\n\n23 Solari and Mare, \u201cHousing Crowding Effects on Children\u2019s Wellbeing.\u201d\n\n24 We define the energy for cooking indicator as whether the household uses biomass fuel (firewood, coal/lignite, charcoal, straw/shrub/grass,\nanimal dung) or modern fuel (electricity, LPG, natural gas, biogas, kerosene) for cooking.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table A-1", - "confidence": 0.8674336075782776, - "start": 343, - "end": 345 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "camp-based refugees", - "confidence": 0.8518936038017273, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey Data", - "confidence": 0.99695885181427, - "start": 691, - "end": 694 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IFC", - "confidence": 0.9324013590812683, - "start": 683, - "end": 684 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa", - "confidence": 0.9707475304603577, - "start": 708, - "end": 710 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5700377225875854, - "start": 732, - "end": 733 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Low-Income Children", - "confidence": 0.6452395915985107, - "start": 749, - "end": 751 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey Data", - "confidence": 0.9982302784919739, - "start": 761, - "end": 764 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IFC", - "confidence": 0.8276671171188354, - "start": 753, - "end": 754 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sub-Saharan\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.9946581721305847, - "start": 778, - "end": 780 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "household", - "confidence": 0.5115510821342468, - "start": 826, - "end": 827 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Urban and camp-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\nthan those in urban areas (Table A-1 column 7). [25] This may partly be explained by the cost of non-biomass\nfuels as well as by the limited access to electricity in camps. In Kakuma, refugees are provided with 10kg\nof firewood every two months with many of them supplementing their needs by purchasing firewood\nsold by Turkana hosts (often in exchange for food rations) or collecting it outside camps. [26] In urban areas,\nhouseholds headed by women are 5 percentage points more likely to use biomass fuel for cooking than\nthose headed by men. In addition, urban protracted households are 7 percentage points more likely to\nuse this type of fuel than non-protracted households. Variations by gender and by protracted situation\nare not significant in camps. Collecting firewood and cooking with it has negative implications, including\ndiseases and increased risk of physical abuse and sexual assault. [ 27] The combustion of solid fuels emits\nairborne pollutants which can generate acute respiratory diseases, especially for women and girls who\nare usually the main household cooks, as well as for children under age 5 who normally remain in the\nproximity of the cooking area. [ 28] Furthermore, the collection and cooking process can take several hours,\nlimiting women\u2019s and girls' time to pursue education or engage in paid work. The rising demand for\nbiomass fuels, especially among refugees in camps, if left unmanaged can lead to conflicts with hosts as\na result of increased competition for resources. [29] Moreover, firewood collection degrades land which has\nserious long-term implications.\n\n**Refugees in Kakuma and women-headed households in urban areas are more likely to have**\n**access to improved private toilets than Kalobeyei refugees and urban households headed by men, with**\n**no differences between camp and urban settings.** [30] Overall, there is no difference in access to private\ntoilets between camp-based and urban-based refugees. However, differences within locations are\nsignificant. Refugees in Kakuma are 18 percentage points more likely to have access to private toilets\nthan those living in Kalobeyei. [31] Even though the settlement planning in Kalobeyei accommodates for\nhousehold toilets, the refugee influx in 2016/17 affected the capacity to construct private toilets and thus,\ncommunity toilets were built instead. However, during the time of comparative analysis, a cash-based\nintervention for latrines has been implemented which considerably increases household private latrines\nwith an actual coverage of 78 percent and 42 percent of households in Kalobeyei and Kakuma,\nrespectively . [ 32 ] Women-headed households in urban areas are 5 percentage points more likely to have\naccess to private toilets than those headed by men, while no gender-based difference in camps is noted\n(Table A-1 column 10). Sharing of toilets is linked to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) and\npsychosocial stress among users, especially when using the toilet late at night. [33]\n\n\n25 The source of energy for cooking is only available in Kakuma SES and Urban SES.\n\n26 Since firewood collection is reserved for Turkana hosts, collecting firewood is dangerous for refugees as it can generate conflicts with hosts for\nwhom selling firewood constitutes a main source of income. Betts, Omata, and Sterck. 2018. \u201cRefugee Economies in Kenya.\u201d\n\n27 Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. 2016. \u201cGender-Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Cookstoves and Fuels\u201d; UN Women. 2019.\n\u201cGender Assessment of Kalobeyei Settlement and Kakuma Camp. Determining the Level of Gender Mainstreaming in Key Coordination\nStructures.\u201d\n\n28 Smith, Mehta, and Feuz. 2004. \u201cIndoor Air Pollution from Household Use of Solid Fuels\u201d; Kurmi et al. 2012. \u201cLung Cancer Risk and Solid Fuel\nSmoke Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\u201d; Dasgupta et al. 2004. \u201cWho Suffers from Indoor Air Pollution? Evidence from\nBangladesh.\u201d\n\n29 Thulstrup et al., \u201cAssessing Woodfuel Supply and Demand in Displacement Settings. A Technical Handbook.\u201d\n\n30 Improved private toilet is defined as having access to improved toilet facility that is not shared with other household members.\n\n31 Sanitation coverage has increased in 2020/21 in Kalobeyei Settlement as part of conditional cash-based interventions for toilet construction.\n\n32 UNHCR Kenya operation.\n\n33 Sommer et al., \u201cViolence, Gender and WASH.\u201d\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Urban and camp-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\nii. Access to finance\n\n\n_Camp-based refugees have higher access to bank accounts but lower access to mobile banking_\n_and loans than urban refugees. Access to remittances varies within urban and camp areas._\n\n\n**Ownership of bank accounts is higher in camps while mobile banking is higher in urban areas.**\nOwnership of bank accounts is low in both areas (10 percent). However, camp-based refugees are 40\npercentage points more likely to have bank accounts than urban refugees. [34] The higher incidence of bank\naccounts ownership among refugees in camps can be explained by the cash-based intervention for shelter\nin Kalobeyei settlement which requires refugees to receive cash through regular bank accounts. Refugee\nbeneficiaries of such intervention are supported to open bank accounts, enhancing their financial\ninclusion. [35] Furthermore, after the SESs were conducted in 2018-2019, access to bank account has since\nincreased as new bank accounts for refugees (60 percent women) were opened in Kakuma (34,958\naccounts) and Kalobeyei (7,386). [36] Despite the requirement of documentation to buy a SIM card\u2014needed\nfor mobile banking, most refugees own a mobile banking account, often by acquiring SIM cards registered\nin the name of a Kenyan. Urban refugees are 25 percentage points more likely to use mobile banking\nwhich is coincident with their higher ownership of mobile phones (69 percent urban vs. 41 percent camps,\np<0.01). In terms of gender of the head of household, in urban areas, woman-headed households are 12\npercentage points less likely to own mobile banking accounts than those headed by men with no such\ndifference in camps (Table A-2). Protracted households in urban areas are 6 percentage points more likely\nto own bank accounts, whereas in camps, ownership of bank and mobile banking accounts do not vary\namong protracted and non-protracted households.\n\n**Access to loans is higher in urban areas than in camps.** [37] With very limited access to formal\nfinancial services, refugees, especially in low-income countries rely on informal services by borrowing\nprimarily from relatives and friends. [38] In Kenya a similar trend is noted. More than 90 percent of loans\naccessed by urban and camp-based refugees, were from friends and relatives, while only 2 percent were\nfrom formal sources. Key challenges to access loans through formal financial institutions are linked with\ntheir lack of assets and the perception that refugees may disappear at any time, and thus, will not pay\nthe loan back. [39] Access to loans differs significantly between camps and urban areas. Camp-based\nrefugees are 22 percentage points less likely to have access to loans than urban refugees (Table A-2\ncolumn 4). The low access of loan for these predominantly Muslim communities might partly be due to\nthe preponderance of the non-shariah complaint loans, however **Error! Reference source not found.** new\nservices providers through UNHCR leadership started providing **Error! Reference source not found.**\nshariah compliant loans in camps. Women-headed households in camps are 6 percentage points more\nlikely to borrow than those headed by men while in urban areas, they are 4 percentage points less likely\nto borrow than men. Low access to formal loans may partly be explained by a lack of information\nregarding the availability of loans and requirements. [40] Lack of access to formal financial services affect\nsavings practices, limit access to credit hindering opportunities to start businesses. **Error! Reference**\n**source not found.**\n\n**Access to remittances is higher among urban households headed by men and urban protracted**\n**households, with no differences between camps and urban areas.** The level of access to remittances\n\n\n34 In Kenya, refugees can open bank account **s** with their proof of registration document from UNHCR and RAS.\n\n35 UNHCR, \u201cCash for Shelter in Kenya. A Field Experience.\u201d\n\n36 UNHCR Kenya operation. Some of these accounts include the Equitel service which facilitates access to emergency quick loans.\n\n37 Access to loans includes borrowing from informal sources (family/friends/community saving groups) and formal sources such as banks.\n\n38 UNHCR, GCAF, and Sida, \u201cAssessing the Needs of Refugees for Financial and Non-Financial Services - Jordan.\u201d\n\n39 IFC, \u201cKakuma as a Marketplace. A Consumer and Market Study of a Refugee Camp and Town in Northwest Kenya\u201d; Betts, Omata, and Sterck,\n\u201cRefugee Economies in Kenya.\u201d\n\n40 For example, Equity Bank which is available in camp areas, has a program (Equitel) that allows small loans associated with bank accounts.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Urban and camp-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\ndoes not significantly differ between camp-based and urban refugees. However, differences exist within\ncommunities (Table A-2 column 1). Urban households headed by women are 5 percentage points less\nlikely to receive remittances than those headed by men while there is no gender-based difference in\ncamps. Access to remittances varies with the date of arrival of the household head. Urban protracted\nhouseholds, overall, are 3 percentage points more likely to receive remittances than non-protracted\nhouseholds. In camps, protracted households are 4 percentage points less likely to receive remittances\nthan non-protracted ones. Remittances help maintain consumption during shocks and contribute to local\neconomic activity.\n\n\niii. Social cohesion\n\n\n_Camp-based refugees are less likely to have positive perceptions about trust in the host_\n_community, however, their perceptions of security are better than for urban-based refugees._\n_Perceptions on participation in decision-making are better in camps than in urban areas._\n\n\n**Perceptions of trust, safety, and participation in decision making are used as proxies to measure**\n**social cohesion.** Social cohesion is key to strengthen resilience among refugees. [41] Given the multidimensional and context specific nature of social cohesion, and the lack of a clear-cut definition, standard\ninstruments to measure social cohesion are inexistent. [42] The most common proxy to measure social\ncohesion often includes generalized levels of trust, membership in associations or civic engagement. In\nthe context of forced displacement, social cohesion focuses on intergroup perceptions and interactions. [43]\n\n**While camp-based refugees are less likely to agree that the host community is trustworthy,**\n**their perceptions of safety are more positive than for urban refugees.** Camp-based refugees are about\n19 percentage points less likely to agree that their hosts are trustworthy than urban refugees (Table A-3\ncolumn 2). This could be explained by the fewer interactions that refugees in camps may have with hosts\ncompared to urban refugees (50 percent vs. 58 percent; p<0.01). While refugees in camps mainly interact\nwith hosts through market transactions, urban refugees live mixed with the host community. In addition,\ndifferences in access to services has often created tension between the host community and camp\nrefugees. [44] Poor refugee-host relations can be a threat to local integration. On safety, refugees in camps\nfeel safer in their neighborhoods than those in urban areas. However, those in Kakuma feel less safe at\nnight than those in Kalobeyei (Table A-3). The camp-urban difference may be partly explained by a higher\nperception of crime in urban areas, where 60 percent of households agree that crimes are common in\ntheir neighborhood. Perceptions of safety are worse among women-headed households in camps.\nRefugee women are vulnerable to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) and often live in fear. [45]\n\n**Perceptions of participation in decision making are more positive in camps than in urban areas.**\nCamp-based refugees are 15 percentage points more likely to agree they are able to express their\nopinions through the existing community leadership structure and 23 percentage points more likely to\nfeel their opinions are being considered for decisions that affect their well-being than those in urban\nareas (Table A-4). In both areas, women-headed households are less likely to agree that their opinions\nare considered for decision making than those headed by men which could be linked to cultural\ndifferences and lower educational levels that would enable women to occupy decision-making\npositions. [46] The exclusion of the opinions of women in decision making could hinder the protection,\neconomic and social empowerment opportunities they require.\n\n\n41 3RP, \u201cRegional Strategic Overview. Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan.\u201d\n\n42 Kuhnt et al., \u201cSocial Cohesion in Times of Forced Displacement \u2013 the Case of Young People in Jordan.\u201d\n\n43 De Berry and Roberts, \u201cSocial Cohesion and Forced Displacement.\u201d\n\n44 Rodgers. 2020. \u201cWhat does \u2018Social Cohesion\u2019 Mean for Refugees and Hosts? A View from Kenya.\u201d\n\n45 SGBV Strategy, Kakuma Refugee Camp. 2017; The Impact of Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement and Host\nCommunity. 2019.\n\n46 UNSW, \u201cThe World\u2019s Biggest Minority? Refugee Women and Girls in the Global Compact on Refugees.\u201d\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kakuma and Kalobeyei-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\n_Box C-1. Country of origin analyses_\n\n\n**Separate analyses are done to understand key differences by the two main countries of origin, South-Sudan**\n**and Somalia.** The country of origin of the household head is used to explore variations in housing characteristics\nand access to finance between households headed by refugees from South-Sudan and Somalia. 50 percent of\nhousehold heads in camps are from South Sudan, while 17 percent are from Somalia. In urban areas, 24 percent\nof heads of households are from Somalia (mainly living in Mombasa) while 7 percent are from South Sudan\n(mainly residing in Nakuru).\n**Housing characteristics are generally poorer in camps than in urban areas with households headed by South-**\n**Sudanese facing worse housing conditions.** Camp-based households headed by refugees from South-Sudan and\nSomalia are less likely to live in improved houses than their counterparts in urban areas (Table A-1 column 2Error!\nReference source not found. column 3). Urban and camp-based households headed by Somali refugees are\nequally likely to live in overcrowded rooms and to have access to private toilets. In turn, camp-based households\nheaded by refugees from South-Sudan are more likely to be crowded in rooms and less likely to have access to\nprivate toilets than those in urban areas (Table A-1). In addition, protracted households headed by SouthSudanese refugees are 11 percentage points less likely to live in improved houses than those who are not\nprotracted (Table A-1 column 2Error! Reference source not found. column 1).\n**The use of biomass varies by country of origin and area of residence** . Camp-based households with Somali heads\nare 59 percentage points more likely to use biomass fuels than those in urban-areas (Table A-1 Error! Reference\nsource not found.columns 8 and 9). Variations in the use of biomass fuels by area of residence are not significant\nfor households with heads from South-Sudan.\n**Ownership of bank accounts is higher for camp-based households with South Sudanese heads than for those**\n**in urban areas; however, South Sudanese-headed households in camps are less likely to have access to loans**\n**than those in urban areas.** South Sudanese-headed households living in camps are 40 percentage points more\nlikely to have bank accounts compared to those living in urban areas, while there is no such difference among\nSomali households (Table A-2Error! Reference source not found. column 8 and 9). The higher ownership of bank\naccount among South-Sudanese headed households in camps is likely to be explained by the fact that most of\nthem live in Kalobeyei and might have benefited from the cash-based intervention for shelter that required them\nto open a bank account. Even though South Sudanese-headed households in camps are more likely to have bank\naccounts than those in urban areas, they are 24 percentage points less likely to have access to loans. For Somaliheaded households such difference is not significant (Table A-2Error! Reference source not found. columns 5 and\n6).\n\n#### **D. KAKUMA AND KALOBEYEI-BASED REFUGEES\u2019 COMPARATIVE PATTERNS**\n\n\n_Refugees in Kalobeyei are more likely to be employed and to consume more food and nonfood_\n_items than those in Kakuma. However, refugees in Kalobeyei are less likely to own assets while_\n_there is no difference in school attendance and food insecurity._\n\n\n**Even though refugees have the right to work in Kenya, they face practical restrictions.** The 2006\nRefugee Act stipulates that refugees can work in Kenya if they have a work permit. The migration section\nof the Ministry of Interior issues \u2018Class M\u2019 work permits that enable refugees to legally work in the\ncountry. Applications for permits need a recommendation from a prospective employer and must be\naccompanied by a letter from the RAS confirming refugee status. [47] While refugees are legally allowed to\nwork, in practice, it is reportedly much more difficult given that work permits for asylum seekers or\n\n\n47 Zetter and Ruaudel. 2016. \u201cKNOMAD Study Part-II Refugees\u2019 Right to Work\u2014An Assessment.\u201d\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "housing conditions", - "confidence": 0.6911280751228333, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KNOMAD Study", - "confidence": 0.6395063400268555, - "start": 758, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Zetter and Ruaudel", - "confidence": 0.9446253776550293, - "start": 751, - "end": 754 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9786853790283203, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Part-II Refugees", - "confidence": 0.7093846201896667, - "start": 760, - "end": 762 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kakuma and Kalobeyei-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\nrefugees are very rarely issued. [48] Access to business permits and business registration is also difficult.\nPermits are issued only to enterprises with permanent facilities, while street vendors or traders with\ntemporary stalls are charged daily fees that lack clear regulation. [49] In addition, Kenya\u2019s encampment\npolicy restricts freedom of movement, and refugees in Kakuma and Kalobeyei are not allowed to travel\nbeyond the town of Kakuma and adjacent areas unless a movement pass is granted. [50] Passes are issued\nfor a limited set of reasons, such as medical and educational requirements, or protection concerns.\nMovement restrictions and the obstacles faced in obtaining work permits fundamentally curtail refugees\u2019\nability to work and generate income, undermining self-reliance.\n\n**Refugees in Kalobeyei, men and those who are literate in English or Kiswahili are the most likely**\n**to be employed with self-employment, apprenticeship and volunteering being more common in**\n**Kalobeyei.** [51] Camp-based refugees\u2019 employment rates are generally low, especially for those in Kakuma\n(Table 1) who are 21 percentage points less likely to be employed than those in Kalobeyei (Table A-5\nColumn 1). The larger employment rate in Kalobeyei is partly due to the larger number of volunteers and\napprentices in Kalobeyei than in Kakuma (Table A-5 Columns 4 and 5). Due to regulatory frameworks that\ncurtail refugees\u2019 opportunities to move and work, many refugees take low paying jobs, usually in the\ninformal sector. [52] Formal jobs in Kakuma town are scarce and primarily filled by nationals. In the camp,\njobs are mostly offered by partners of UNHCR and other UN agencies who employ approximately 2,400\nrefugee \u2018incentive workers\u2019 who must demonstrate literacy in English or Kiswahili in order to get an\nincentive job. [53] Therefore, although most employed refugees are paid workers, they are not necessarily\nself-reliant. Women, especially heads of household that have at least a child under 5 in the household,\nare less likely to be employed. Due to traditional gender norms that refrain women from participating in\nthe paid labor market, women with young children may drop out or not join the workforce to take care\nof dependents. In fact, 45 percent of Kakuma refugee women and 24 percent of Kalobeyei women did\nnot look for work in the last 7 days prior to the data collection because of family responsibilities. In turn,\nwomen heads with older children (5-14 years), who may demand less care time from women, are more\nlikely to be employed than those with younger children. Literacy in English or Kiswahili is positively\ncorrelated with being employed. Refugees in Kakuma are less likely to work on their own account, as an\napprentice or volunteer than those in Kalobeyei (Table A-5 columns 2-5).\n\n**About 52 percent of refugee youth (15-29 years) are not in employment, education, or training**\n**(NEET).** Youth who are NEET are more likely to be in their 20s, more likely to have no education, lack skills\nin Kenya\u2019s official languages and are more likely to be women (Table A-6). If measures are not adopted\nto increase refugee youth integration into the labor market and encourage their participation in\neducation, their existing vulnerabilities will be exacerbated. NEET has severe consequences on mental\nhealth, social exclusion, welfare, and is linked with crime increase. [54]\n\n**While most refugee children attend primary school, transition into secondary is very low, with**\n**members of protracted households being more likely to attend secondary school than those who are**\n**members of non-protracted households.** School attendance does not significantly differ between\nKalobeyei and Kakuma (Table A-7). Secondary attendance rates are extremely low, only 5 percent of\nsecondary school-age children in Kalobeyei and 14 percent in Kakuma attend secondary school (Table 1).\n\n\n48 Refugee Consortium of Kenya. 2012. \u201cAsylum Under Threat. Assessing the Protection of Somali Refugees in Dadaab Refugee Camps and along\nthe Migration Corridor.\u201d\n\n49 UNHCR. 2017. \u201cKakuma Integrated Livelihoods Strategy 2017\u20132019. Towards Sustainable Solutions for Refugee and Host Communities in\nKakuma and Kalobeyei, Turkana West, Kenya.\u201d\n\n50 O\u2019Callaghan et al. 2019. \u201cThe Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. Progress in Kenya.\u201d\n\n51 Employed is defined as having worked at least one hour either as a wage employee, own account/employer in a non-farm business enterprise,\nown account/employer in agriculture, contributing family worker, apprentice/ Intern or volunteer in the last 7 days preceding the interview.\n\n52 Betts, Omata, and Sterck. 2018. \u201cRefugee Economies in Kenya.\u201d\n\n53 IFC. 2018. \u201cKakuma as a Marketplace. A Consumer and Market Study of a Refugee Camp and Town in Northwest Kenya.\u201d\n\n54 OECD, \u201cThe NEET Challenge.\u201d\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5771bd73-902d-38cb-b9cc-5663dee46116/Understanding-the-Socioeconomic-Differences-of-Urban-and-Camp-Based-Refugees-in-Kenya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kakuma and Kalobeyei-based refugees\u2019 comparative patterns\n\n\nGirls in Kalobeyei are 2 percentage points less likely to attend primary school than boys, while there is no\nsuch difference in Kakuma as well as no gender-based difference in secondary school attendance.\nChildren living in protracted households (whose head arrived in Kenya 5 or more years ago) are more\nlikely to attend secondary school than those living in non-protracted households. In addition, disabled\nchildren are less likely to attend school than those who are not disabled. Efforts need to be scaled up to\nmeet disability needs and its mainstreaming in schools.\n\n**While consumption expenditure is higher in Kalobeyei, asset ownership is higher in Kakuma,**\n**with food insecurity being alarmingly high in both camps.** Refugees in Kalobeyei spend 57 percent and\n53 percent more than those in Kakuma on food and non-food items, respectively (Table A-8 columns 12). This may be explained by the difference in the type of food assistance as well as by the growth in farm\nactivities. While refugees in Kakuma receive 70 percent of food aid in kind and 30 percent in cash,\nrefugees in Kalobeyei receive 100 percent of food aid in cash through the Bamba Chakula program. [5556]\nThis program seems to have brought better socioeconomic outcomes than food rations, although food\nsecurity rates have remained high. [57] In contrast, refugees in Kakuma are more likely to own assets than\nthose in Kalobeyei (Table A-8 column 4). [ 58] This may partly be inked to Kakuma refugees\u2019 more protracted\nsituation and their possibility to have accumulated more assets over time. [59] High levels of food insecurity\nare widespread in both camps (Table 1), with no significant differences between them. [60 ]\n\n\n55 Bamba Chakula (\u201cget your food\u201d) is a monthly transfer on SIM-cards that beneficiaries use to purchase food items from registered traders.\n\n56 The 70 percent of food aid received in-kind by refugees in Kakuma includes a mixture of dry grains, pulses, and cooking oil.\n\n57 MacPherson and Sterck, \u201cEmpowering Refugees through Cash and Agriculture: A Regression Discontinuity Design\u201d; Delius and Sterck, \u201cCash\nTransfers and Micro-Enterprise Performance: Theory and Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Kenya.\u201d\n\n58 Consumption expenditure is measured by using expenditure on food and nonfood items. The food consumption component consists of food\nitems that were consumed over a 7-day period, with data collected by recall. The nonfood expenditure includes expenditure on energy,\neducation, and other nonfood items such as clothing, footwear, transport, toiletries, etc.\n\n59 Asset ownership is determined by a composite indicator constructed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the type of owned asset\n(radio, television, satellite, dish, smartphone, refrigerator, table, bed, mattress, mosquito net, fan, bicycle, motorcycle, car, generator, solar\npanels, kerosene stove, charcoal jiko, wheelbarrow, corrugated iron fencing, chickens/ducks or other animals).\n\n60 Food Insecurity is measured using the Livelihood Coping Strategy Index (LSCI). The LSCI assesses the coping strategies used by households to\naddress lack of food in the last 30 days. These can include selling assets or livestock, reducing spending on health and education, using savings\nand begging. A household is food secure if the household did not use any of the strategies in the last 30 days.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "expenditure on food and nonfood items", - "confidence": 0.7730873227119446, - "start": 428, - "end": 434 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8042891621589661, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7147812843322754, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nonfood expenditure", - "confidence": 0.756147027015686, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": 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\u0627\ufedf\u0648\ufecb\ufef2 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufecc\ufe8e\u0637\u0641 \ufbfe\ufeb3\ufe97\u0637\ufbfe\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe97\ufee3\ufeca \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufebf\ufef2 \ufed7\u062f\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe97\u0631\ufea3\ufbfe\u0628 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe97\ufee3\ufeca\u061f \u0627\ufee7\u0637\ufefc\ufed7\ufe8e\n\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\u0648\ufea3\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufeb7\ufe8e\u0631\ufedb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94. \u0627\ufedb\ufe97\ufee3\ufe8e\ufefb\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a02fe41-0d0f-39c5-addd-15617e594b7f/Unity%20and%20Inclusion%20-%20Refugees%20and%20the%20Jordanian%20Host%20Community%20%5BAR%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0627\ufedf\u0648\ufea3\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufeb7\ufe8e\u0631\ufedb\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee0\ufe94\u060c \u0623\ufecb\u062f\u062a 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trap: Civil war and development policy\u201d(. \ufedb\u0648\ufedf\ufbfe\u0631\u060c \u0628. )20033\n\n\n\n(. \ufee3\ufed4\u0648\ufebf\ufbfe\ufe94 \ufeb7\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8b\ufbfe\u0646. \u0627\ufef7\u0631\u062f\u0646 - \u0627\ufef7\ufeb7\ufea7\ufe8e\u0635 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufeb3\ufe9f\ufee0\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufecc\ufee7\ufbfe\u0648\u0646: \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0637\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe91\u0648 \u0627\ufedf\ufee0\ufe9f\u0648\u0621 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufed4\u0648\ufebf\ufbfe\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee0\ufbfe\ufe8e \ufedf\ufeb7\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\ufedf\ufefc\ufe9f\ufe8b\ufbfe\u0646 )20194\n\n\n\n)\ufe97\u0645 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73227 ]\ufecb\ufe91\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufe97\u0631\ufee7\u062a[. \ufee3\ufe97\ufe8e\u062d \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0: 201 \u062f\ufbfe\ufeb3\ufee3\ufe91\u0631 931\u0627\ufef7\u0631\u062f\u0646 \n( \ufbfe\ufee7\ufe8e\ufbfe\u0631 2020\u0627\ufedf\u0648\ufebb\u0648\u0644 \u0625\ufedf\ufbfe\ufbab \ufed3\ufef2 20\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufeca \ufee7\ufed4\ufeb3\ufbab 5\n\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0631\ufe9f\ufeca \ufee7\ufed4\ufeb3\ufbab 6\n(. \"\ufe97\ufecc\u0631\u0641 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0\" \u0627\ufef7\u0631\u062f\ufee7\ufbfe\ufbfe\u0646 \"\ufee3\u0646 \u0623\ufebb\u0644 \ufebb\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef2\". ]\ufecb\ufe91\u0631 \u0627\ufef9\ufee7\ufe97\u0631\ufee7\u062a[ \ufee3\ufe97\ufe8e\u062d \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufee3\u0648\ufed7\ufeca: \ufe91\ufee0\u062f \ufee7\ufbfe\u0648\u0632 )20147\n\nTanzan\u00eda
RRP|2.3
42%
1.4
38%|\n|Sud\u00e1n|12.0
9%|\n\n\n\nEtiop\u00eda 11.1 27%\n\nKenya 4.1 6%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Nota: aqu\u00ed se combinan los planes regionales y nacionales de respuesta a refugiados, en funci\u00f3n de los\ndatos disponibles.\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_Spanish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Los organismos de las Naciones Unidas y las ONG\ninternacionales siguieron recibiendo la gran mayor\u00eda\nde la financiaci\u00f3n humanitaria para la protecci\u00f3n de la\nni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia. Solo el 2 % de la financiaci\u00f3n\nde la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia\nregistrada en el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero\nfue directamente a organizaciones locales. Si bien\nel aumento de la financiaci\u00f3n directa y de calidad\nes fundamental para fortalecer las funciones y las\ncapacidades de los profesionales locales y nacionales en\nprotecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia, las limitaciones\nde los mecanismos actuales de presentaci\u00f3n de informes\ndificultan el seguimiento preciso de la situaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\n\n\nEn general, aunque la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de\nla ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia ha aumentado, siguen existiendo importantes problemas de financiaci\u00f3n.\nEn el contexto de los planes de respuesta humanitarios, este sector sigue teniendo una financiaci\u00f3n\ndesproporcionadamente insuficiente en comparaci\u00f3n con otros sectores humanitarios. En el\ncontexto del refugio, los planes de respuesta a refugiados reciben menor financiaci\u00f3n que los planes\nde respuesta humanitarios, lo que significa que la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la\nadolescencia tambi\u00e9n recibe una menor financiaci\u00f3n de la debida.\n\nLa mejora en la presentaci\u00f3n de informes y en la visibilidad de la financiaci\u00f3n son avances importantes,\npero garantizar recursos continuados y adecuados para un amplio abanico de profesionales en protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en contextos humanitarios sigue siendo un gran desaf\u00edo y obliga al sector\nhumanitario a prestar mayor atenci\u00f3n, ya que en este 2024 sigue habiendo limitaciones en la financiaci\u00f3n.\n\n## Recomendaciones\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn\u00e1lisis de la financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_Spanish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Acerca del informe\n\nEste quinto informe, elaborado por la Alianza para la Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Adolescencia en la Acci\u00f3n\nHumanitaria, Save de Children, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados\n(ACNUR) y el \u00c1rea de Responsabilidad de Protecci\u00f3n Infantil analiza la financiaci\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia en la acci\u00f3n humanitaria en 2023. Destaca los d\u00e9ficits de financiaci\u00f3n\ny las lagunas fundamentales en los planes de respuesta humanitarios y en los planes regionales de\nrespuesta a refugiados, adem\u00e1s de hacer hincapi\u00e9 en la necesidad de una financiaci\u00f3n equitativa y de\ncalidad. Adem\u00e1s, el informe brinda recomendaciones estrat\u00e9gicas para mejorar la financiaci\u00f3n y en las\nque fundamentar las pol\u00edticas y las pr\u00e1cticas que abordan las necesidades espec\u00edficas de los menores.\nAl apoyar la promoci\u00f3n e impulsar la rendici\u00f3n de cuentas, esta serie de informes tiene como objetivo\ngarantizar que los menores en situaciones de crisis humanitarias reciban los servicios esenciales de\nprotecci\u00f3n que necesitan.\n\n\nEl estudio se basa, principalmente, en el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero de la Oficina de\nCoordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos Humanitarios de las Naciones Unidas (OCHA, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), que\nmonitorea la financiaci\u00f3n humanitaria internacional, inclusive en sectores concretos, tales como la\nprotecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia. Se ha mejorado el Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero para\naumentar la precisi\u00f3n y la minuciosidad de los datos, lo que incluye los datos sobre la financiaci\u00f3n de\nsectores espec\u00edficos en los programas multisectoriales. Sin embargo, no recoge todos los datos sobre\nla financiaci\u00f3n de las respuestas nacionales y regionales para personas refugiadas. Para abordar\nesta laguna, el informe tambi\u00e9n utiliza datos de la Herramienta de Seguimiento de la Financiaci\u00f3n a\nRefugiados de ACNUR y otros datos proporcionados por esta entidad. El an\u00e1lisis abarca 26 planes\nde respuesta humanitarios, el Plan de respuesta conjunta a la crisis humanitaria de los rohiny\u00e1s en\nBangladesh, el Plan regional de respuesta para refugiados y migrantes de Venezuela y 17 planes\nnacionales para refugiados incluidos en cinco planes regionales de respuesta a refugiados. Se han\ncalculado las necesidades de financiaci\u00f3n para la protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la adolescencia y los\nfondos recibidos a partir de los datos del Servicio de Seguimiento Financiero y de la Herramienta de\nSeguimiento de la Financiaci\u00f3n a Refugiados, para garantizar una visi\u00f3n global, a la par que se evita\nla doble contabilizaci\u00f3n. Todos los datos empleados en el informe est\u00e1n actualizados a fecha del 9\nde julio de 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_Spanish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_Spanish.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_738/raw/doc_738_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_738/raw/doc_738_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 34de9370871bde602a36e84c0e972b9d4457f1bf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_738/raw/doc_738_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Sans d\u00e9fense**\n#### Analyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023\n### Synth\u00e8se\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Synth\u00e8se\n\nEn 2023, les besoins humanitaires ont atteint un niveau sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en raison de la\nmultiplication des conflits arm\u00e9s, d\u2019un nombre record de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, et de\nl\u2019augmentation des situations d\u2019urgence d\u00e9coulant de la crise climatique et de la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des\ncatastrophes naturelles. \u00c0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, 363 millions de personnes avaient besoin d\u2019une\naide humanitaire, dont 245 millions cibl\u00e9es par les plans de r\u00e9ponse coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU, soit une\nhausse de 7 % par rapport aux donn\u00e9es initiales de l\u2019Aper\u00e7u de la situation humanitaire mondiale de\n2023. Cette amplification des crises a entra\u00een\u00e9 une hausse des besoins de financement humanitaire,\n\u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 56,7 milliards de dollars fin de 2023. Malgr\u00e9 des niveaux de financement historiquement\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s, les appels coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU n\u2019ont pu obtenir qu\u2019un taux de financement de 43 %, le\nniveau le plus faible jamais enregistr\u00e9. Le poids de cet \u00e9cart de financement sera support\u00e9 par les\nenfants, qui sont les premi\u00e8res victimes des crises humanitaires.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les besoins en mati\u00e8re de protection de l\u2019enfance et de financement ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 cro\u00eetre en\n2023. Au total, les appels \u00e0 financement coordonn\u00e9s par l\u2019ONU pour couvrir les besoins de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance ont atteint 1,5 milliard de dollars. Cette somme comprenait un milliard de\ndollars pour les Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH) et 422 millions pour les Plans de r\u00e9ponse pour\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR). La protection de l\u2019enfance repr\u00e9sentait 2,5 % du total des besoins pour les PRH,\navec certes de grandes variations entre les diff\u00e9rents plans de r\u00e9ponse.\n\n\nAu total, on note en 2023 un\nfinancement \u00e0 hauteur de 505\nmillions de dollars pour la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 vis\u00e9e\nhumanitaire, dont 412 millions\nvia les appels coordonn\u00e9s\npar l\u2019ONU. L\u2019am\u00e9lioration des\nrapports du Service de suivi des\nfinancements (appel\u00e9 FTS) et du\nSuivi du financement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(appel\u00e9 RFT) a permis d\u2019augmenter\nla visibilit\u00e9 du financement de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance. Malgr\u00e9\ncertaines hausses, la protection\nde l\u2019enfance dans des contextes\n\nfinanc\u00e9e, avec une couverture de\nfinancement moyenne de 29,2 %, contre 46,9 % pour le total des PRH. Dans des contextes li\u00e9s\naux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la couverture de financement moyenne pour la protection de l\u2019enfance \u00e9tait de 30,8 %,\nproche du taux de financement global de la r\u00e9ponse dans le domaine des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (31,5 %).\n\n\nLes disparit\u00e9s entre les taux de financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance selon les diff\u00e9rentes\nR\u00e9ponses, ainsi que les variations au fil du temps, ont affect\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs de la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre des programmes coh\u00e9rents et de qualit\u00e9, conformes\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Analyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fig.3 - Financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans les Plans de r\u00e9ponse nationaux et\nr\u00e9gionaux pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Source : RFT) [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n|Soudan Soudan du Sud Ouganda Soudan RRP|12.0 9% 9.9 2% 18.8 12%|\n|---|---|\n|Tchad
Soudan du Sud

RRP|4.3
14%
9.9
2%|\n|\u00c9thiopie|1.8
4%|\n\n\n|Tchad \u00c9thiopie Rwanda Soudan du Sud Ouganda Soudan RRP RD Congo RRP|4.3 14% 1.8 4% 2.3 42% 9.9 2% 14.7 12%|\n|---|---|\n|Rwanda
Tanzanie
RRP|2.3
42%
1.4
38%|\n|Soudan|12.0
9%|\n\n\n\u00c9thiopie 11.1 27%\n\n\nJordanie 28.8 49%\n\n\n\nMilliards (USD) 20 60\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Note : ceci combine les PRR r\u00e9gionaux et nationaux, sur la base des donn\u00e9es disponibles.\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les agences de l\u2019ONU et les ONG internationales\nont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 percevoir la grande majorit\u00e9 des\nfinancements humanitaires de la protection de\nl\u2019enfance. Seuls 2 % des financements de la protection\nde l\u2019enfance contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par le FTS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 allou\u00e9s\ndirectement \u00e0 des organisations locales. Si une\naugmentation du financement direct et qualitatif est vitale\npour renforcer le r\u00f4le et la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs locaux\net nationaux de la protection de l\u2019enfance, les limites des\nm\u00e9canismes de rapport actuels rendent le contr\u00f4le difficile.\n\nDans l\u2019ensemble, si les financements pour la protection de\n\ngrandement sous-financ\u00e9 par rapport aux autres secteurs\nhumanitaires. Dans les contextes li\u00e9s aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les PRR sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral moins bien financ\u00e9s que les\nPRH, ce qui se traduit par un niveau similaire de sous-financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance.\n\nL\u2019am\u00e9lioration des outils de rapport et une meilleure visibilit\u00e9 du financement constituent ind\u00e9niablement\ndes avanc\u00e9es. Cependant, il reste difficile de s\u00e9curiser des ressources constantes et ad\u00e9quates pour tout\nun \u00e9ventail d\u2019acteurs de la protection de l\u2019enfance \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents contextes humanitaires, ce qui force\nle secteur humanitaire \u00e0 cibler ses actions dans un contexte de financement restreint, appel\u00e9 \u00e0 perdurer\nen 2024.\n\n## Recommandations\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnalyse du financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023 - Synth\u00e8se 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## \u00c0 propos du rapport\n\nCe cinqui\u00e8me rapport, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par l\u2019Alliance pour la Protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire,\nSave the Children, le HCR et le Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 mondial de la protection de l\u2019enfance, analyse\nle financement de la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019action humanitaire en 2023. Il met en lumi\u00e8re les\ninsuffisances du financement et les \u00e9carts entre les diff\u00e9rents Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH) et\nPlans de r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionaux pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR), soulignant le besoin d\u2019un financement \u00e9quitable et\nqualitatif. Le rapport propose \u00e9galement des recommandations strat\u00e9giques pour am\u00e9liorer le financement\net \u00e9tayer les politiques et les pratiques traitant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des enfants. En soutenant les\nactions de plaidoyer et en poussant pour la reconnaissance des responsabilit\u00e9s, cette s\u00e9rie de rapports\nvise \u00e0 s\u2019assurer que les enfants en situation de crise humanitaire re\u00e7oivent les services de protection\nessentiels dont ils ont besoin.\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tude s\u2019appuie principalement sur le Service de suivi financier (FTS) du Bureau de la coordination des\naffaires humanitaires de l\u2019ONU, dont la mission est d\u2019assurer le suivi des financements humanitaires\ninternationaux, notamment dans des secteurs sp\u00e9cifiques comme la protection de l\u2019enfance. Le FTS\na \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9 pour pouvoir proposer des donn\u00e9es plus pr\u00e9cises et granulaires, dont des donn\u00e9es\nsur le financement de secteurs sp\u00e9cifiques dans le cadre de programmes multisectoriels. Toutefois, le\nFTS n\u2019identifie pas totalement les donn\u00e9es de financement pour les R\u00e9ponses nationales et r\u00e9gionales\nd\u00e9di\u00e9es aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Pour int\u00e9grer cette question, le rapport utilise \u00e9galement des donn\u00e9es du Suivi du\nfinancement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (RFT), pilot\u00e9 par le HCR, ainsi que des donn\u00e9es fournies par le HCR directement.\nL\u2019analyse englobe 26 Plans de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire (PRH), le Plan de r\u00e9ponse conjoint pour les Rohingyas\nau Bangladesh, le Plan r\u00e9gional d\u2019aide pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les migrants du Venezuela et 17 plans nationaux\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s regroup\u00e9s au sein de cinq Plans de r\u00e9ponse pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (PRR). Les besoins de\nfinancement de la protection de l\u2019enfance et les fonds re\u00e7us ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide des donn\u00e9es du FTS\net du RFT, ce qui permet d\u2019offrir un aper\u00e7u global tout en \u00e9vitant les doublons dans le calcul. Toutes les\ndonn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es dans le rapport sont exactes en date du 9 juillet 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Unprotected_Analysis%20of%20funding%20for%20child%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20action%20in%202023_Executive%20Summary_French.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_739/raw/doc_739_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_739/raw/doc_739_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f52d95a2e30dd67715e6fe46e8ae92d76f4d7da0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_739/raw/doc_739_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,440 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### In view of the 5th Brussels Conference on Supporting the future of Syria and the region Conference\n\n\n\n**AN UPDATE TO THE STUDY**\n## **2021 COMPOUNDING** **MISFORTUNES**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 2\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# What is new in this update?\n\n\n\n**[The study Compounding Misfortunes published by the](https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/publication/compounding-misfortunes-changes-in-poverty-since-the-onset-of-covid-19-on-syrian-refugees)**\n**World Bank and the United Nations High Commissioner**\n**for Refugees (UNHCR) in December 2020, funded by the**\n**Joint Data Centre, represented an initial investigation**\n**and analysis into the poverty impact of COVID-19 in**\n**Jordan, Lebanon, and the Iraq-Kurdistan Region of Iraq**\n**(Iraq-KRI) on host communities and refugees. The release**\n**of the Study was timed so it could inform the design of**\n**2021 national response plans, including those under the**\n**[Regional Refugee and Response Plan (3RP) umbrella.](http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/)**\n\n**[In preparation for the 2021 Supporting the future of](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/93313/brussels-v-conference-%E2%80%93-supporting-future-syria-and-region_en)**\n**[Syria and the Region Brussels V Conference, the Study\u2019s](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/93313/brussels-v-conference-%E2%80%93-supporting-future-syria-and-region_en)**\n**projections have been updated and the underlying**\n**microsimulation models refined. Further revisions are**\n**expected later in 2021.**\n\n\n_Table 1:_ **Growth projections (Real GDP)**\n**used for 2020 and 2021**\n\n\n\nA key step for this Update has been for the World Food\nProgramme (WFP) to join the collaboration, bringing with\nthem their considerable data on and analysis of the food\nsecurity impact of COVID-19. Produced jointly by the World\nBank, UNHCR and WFP, this Update reflects data on WFP\u2019s\nprogrammes that responded to COVID-19 in 2020, allowing\nfor a more comprehensive analysis of mitigating measures.\n\nIn this Update, the poverty projections are revised in light\nof the latest macroeconomic estimates for 2020, as well as\nforecasts for 2021, in Lebanon and Iraq-KRI only.\n\nFor Jordan, further analysis and consistency checking\nwill be conducted in 2021, in close coordination with the\ngovernment.\n\nFor Lebanon, which experiences very high levels of\ninflation, real GDP growth per capita is estimated at -20.3\npercent for 2020. This revised growth rate is reflected in\nthe simulations and adjustments are made on the passthrough of GDP growth (and contraction) into private\nconsumption to capture behavioural responses to rapid\nprice increases.\n\nFor Iraq-KRI, the assumptions on the trends of the growth\nand poverty trajectories, as well as the recovery are\nrevisited.\n\nIn addition, further data on mitigation strategies are\nmodelled.\n\n\n\n|Col1|2020|Col3|2021|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**December publication**|**Present update**|**December publication**|**Present update**|\n|**Lebanon**|-15|-20%|N/A|-10|\n|**Iraq-KRI**|-9|-10|2|2|\n\n\nSource: Macro Poverty Outlook, World Bank (2021).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 3\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Key findings\n\n\nThe COVID-19 crisis has impacted all. Those living on the economic margins of society, with few assets, more debt, and\na dependence on informal sources of income, have been particularly affected. Existing vulnerabilities have left poorer\nLebanese, Iraqi and Syrian refugees with few coping mechanisms, resulting in difficult choices; it has also created new\nvulnerabilities, by pushing members of the host communities into poverty. Families have been unable to pay for basic\nhousehold needs, risking eviction for non-payment of rent. Both refugee and host community children have faced further\nchallenges in accessing education \u2013 limited by distance and home-schooling opportunities and the digital divide \u2013 and\npushed into child labor and early marriages. Reports of domestic violence linked to the lockdowns have increased. Specific\nrisks for women and girls have been exacerbated. Social tensions are rising as resources and jobs become even more scarce.\nThroughout the study, the results present the changes from baseline, which is the state of poverty in the first quarter of 2020\n(referred to as month 0 in the analyses).\n\n\n_In summary, the key findings in this Update include:_\n\n\n\n**Lebanon**\n\n- Lebanon has been the hardest among the three countries.\nAt the national poverty line, poverty among the Lebanese\ncommunity is expected to have increased by 33 percentage\npoints (p.p.) by 2020, and by 46 p.p. by end of 2021,\ncompared to baseline. Syrian refugees start at higher\npoverty rate, and observe an increase of around 24 p.p..\n\n- It is expected that an additional **674,000 Lebanese**\n**individuals** [1], and **577,000 Syrian refugees** to have fallen\nbelow the **international poverty** line by the end of 2020.\nIn 2021, the number of poor Lebanese is expected to have\nincreased by 1.5 million over baseline, and by 780,000\nSyrian refugees.\n\n- The results at the **national poverty** line correspond to an\nincrease poverty of around 1.8 million Lebanese individuals\nand 360,000 more Syrians at the end of 2020, and around\n2.5 million Lebanese individuals and 430,000 Syrian\nrefugees by the end of 2021.\n\n- Given the economic deterioration in Lebanon, and the\nlikelihood that food constitutes a larger share of the\nconsumption basket, the results are also adjusted for food\nprice inflation, which show even more severe increases in\npoverty.\n\n\n- Over time, the impact of mitigation strategies in Lebanon\nare largely attenuated by inflation, but they do mitigate\nsome of the increase in poverty. They also make those who\nare poor, less poor.\n\n\n\n**Iraq-Kurdistan region of Iraq**\n\n- In the **Iraq-Kurdistan region of Iraq**, macroeconomic\nassumptions are revised to account for limited signs of a\nspeedy recovery. Estimates at the international poverty\nline suggest that poverty increased by 15 p.p. for the host\ncommunity, 16 p.p. for refugees, and 15 p.p. for IDPs,\nand a corresponding increase of 6 p.p., 4 p.p., and 4 p.p.,\nrespectively at the national poverty line.\n\n- These changes correspond to an increase of around\n725,000 residents [2], 103,000 refugees, and 41,000 IDPS who\nhave fallen below the international poverty line by the end\nof 2020, and 799,000, 102,000, and 36,000 respectively by\nthe end of 2021, compared to baseline.\n\n- At the national poverty line, 296,000 more residents,\n27,000 more refugees, and 10,000 more IDPs are expected\nto have fallen below the poverty line in 2020, and around\n291,000 more residents, 22,000 more refugees, 9,000 more\nIDPs by the end of 2021, compared to baseline.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 4\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n\nUnderstanding the effects of COVID-19 on\nhost and refugee communities has important\nimplications on the policies that need to be\nadopted as the pandemic unfolds and during\nthe recovery period. Recovery largely depends\non the health of the economy at large, the\ndifferences between host communities and\nrefugees\u2019 poverty rates at baseline, and the\nmitigation responses to the crisis.\n\nMitigation strategies \u2013 such as cash\nprogramming \u2013 if done at scale and for a\nsufficient length of time, can bridge the\ngap between the onset of the crisis and the\nrecovery of the economy to lessen the impact\nof the pandemic on both refugees and host\ncommunities. Other complementary programs\nsuch as enabling self- reliance could potentially\nensure more sustainable support at the\nhousehold level, the effectiveness and impact\nof which will require further research.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 5\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Background\n\n\n\nThe poverty impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing\nconfinement policies and economic contractions\nhave been particularly difficult for marginalized\ncommunities. Across the globe the negative effects\nof COVID-19 are disproportionally borne by those\nwho, pre-pandemic, were already disadvantaged and\nvulnerable. Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon were already\nfacing difficult to extreme circumstances before\nthe pandemic erupted, compounding its effect on\nthe populations\u2019 socio-economic situation. Prior to\nCOVID-19 all three countries were already in strained\npositions prior, ranging from economic stagnation\nand high public debt in Jordan, to a collapse in\npublic revenues due to international oil price shocks\nin Iraq, to complete political and economic crisis\nin Lebanon which has been compounded by the\nBeirut port explosion. Within these countries, Syrian\nrefugees \u2013 most of whom have been displaced for\nup to nine years \u2013 are particularly exposed given\ntheir perilous pre-crisis situation. Host communities\nin these three countries, who have supported and\naccommodated such large numbers of refugees,\nhave also been heavily affected.\n\nBy March 2020, all three countries had witnessed\ntheir first cases of COVID-19 and introduced stringent\ncontainment policies ranging from partial movement\nrestrictions, closures of schools and shops to\nfull curfews. While these measures were largely\nsuccessful in containing the spread of the pandemic,\nthey also led to a decline in economic activity across\nmost sectors, particularly in the informal economy.\nIn Lebanon, the COVID-19 crisis is compounded\nby an economic and political crisis, including\ninflation [3] reaching over 100 percent (year-on-year),\nlargely due to its import dependence and currency\ndepreciation. Food price increases have been even\nhigher: between October 2019 and November 2020\nthe Lebanon Food Price Index increased by over 400\npercent, an all-time high.\n\n\n\n_Figure 1:_ **The stringency of government responses**\n**to the pandemic**\n\n\n\nUnsurprisingly, given the magnitude of these\nshocks, many refugees who are concentrated in\nlow-skilled jobs in the informal sector have lost\ntheir primary source of income and have come to\nincreasingly rely on assistance. Recent rapid needs\nassessments, UNHCR and WFP administrative data\nshow that refugees have few options and have\nresorted to negative coping mechanisms such as\nreducing food intake and incurring additional debt.\nMany have been unable to pay their rent, leading in\nsome instances to forced eviction. These conditions\nexacerbated existing vulnerabilities and increased\npressure on social cohesion between refugees and\nwith their host communities.\n\n\n\nStringency\nIndex\n\n100\n\n\n90\n\n\n80\n\n\n70\n\n\n60\n\n\n50\n\n\n40\n\n\n30\n\n\n\nJordan\n\nIraq\n\nLebanon\n\n\nMar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar\n2020 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 6\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Methodology\n\n\n\n**This joint UNHCR-WFP-World Bank report is an update to the joint**\n**[Study Compounding Misfortunes published by the World Bank](https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/publication/compounding-misfortunes-changes-in-poverty-since-the-onset-of-covid-19-on-syrian-refugees)**\n**and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)**\n**in December 2020, and estimates the changes in poverty since the**\n**onset of COVID-19 among Syrian refugee and host communities in**\n**Iraq-KRI and Lebanon. As mentioned above, analysis on Jordan**\n**will be conducted in the course 2021.**\n\nThe original study employs a simulation exercise using\nmacroeconomic projections on changes in the economy and\ntranslates these into shocks to household consumption and\nwelfare, whereby welfare changes are measured as changes in\npoverty, using the upper middle income international poverty line\nof $5.50 per person per day, and the national poverty lines. The\nsimulation exercise makes use of the Syrian Refugees and Host\nCommunity Survey, undertaken by the World Bank in 2015-16,\nwhich uses a harmonized instrument across the three countries.\nThe data are drawn from three governorates in Jordan with a high\nconcentration of refugees (Amman, Mafraq, and Zarqa), and are\nrepresentative of Lebanon and KRI. The study also uses the most\nrecent projections on macroeconomic aggregates from World Bank\ncountry economists, remittances and information on changes in\nassistance as underlying drivers of household consumption and\ntherefore poverty.\n\nA key lesson from the previous study remains valid for the current\none: underdeveloped or inaccessible national statistical systems\nlimit the ability to accurately estimate poverty and the impact\nof crises and policy shocks. In the absence of reliable, official\nand accessible data in these countries, this update necessarily\nrelies on non-official household surveys and provides estimates\nbased on assumptions that come with inherent caveats. At times,\nmicroevidence and macro-numbers seem to describe different\nrealities. This Update again underlines the need for greater efforts\nto regularly collect, update and publish representative and reliable\nsurveys, including on expenditure and welfare, to inform policy\nmakers adequately.\n\nThis study uses dynamic simulations to show changes in poverty\non a monthly basis. The impact of COVID-19 is modeled using\nmacroeconomic changes in various sectors of the economy,\nchanges to earnings in formal and informal sectors, and changes\nremittances (domestic and international) and inflation. The\nprojections estimate changes in poverty among host and refugee\ncommunities and estimate the poverty-reducing effects of\ngovernment and UNHCR and WFP. The social assistance programs\nare not exhaustive, and future updates will include additional data\non other assistance.\n\n\n\n_Social Protection_\n\n_The socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 has_\n_compounded and exacerbated pre-existing_\n_vulnerabilities in the region. With poverty,_\n_food insecurity and support needs increasing_\n_amongst refugee and host communities alike,_\n_it has seen heightened demand on existing_\n_social assistance and safety net measures._\n_The COVID-19 crisis showed the criticality of_\n_national social protection systems to enable_\n_access to basic assistance and services for the_\n_most vulnerable, given the greater reach of_\n_national services. Countries that already had_\n_well-established social protection mechanisms_\n_were better able to respond to the crisis, and_\n_the crisis showed the need for strengthened_\n_national social protection systems [1]. Iraq,_\n_Jordan and Lebanon, all stepped up their social_\n_protection responses, largely in the form of_\n_social assistance, but also social insurance and_\n_labour market interventions [2], all within an_\n_already constrained fiscal environment._\n\n_Learnings from the humanitarian response_\n_including during and after conflict, such as_\n_vulnerability-oriented targeting that can_\n_inform policy and programming, or means to_\n_strengthen assistance through cash transfers,_\n_have been key to informing the strengthening_\n_of social assistance to address growing needs_\n_among refugees and host communities alike,_\n_while also contributing to human capital_\n_investment, reducing fragmentation of services_\n_and looking at sustainability through efforts_\n_at graduation and strengthening contributory_\n_social insurance. Enhancing local and national_\n_capacities to avail access to national safety_\n_nets and basic services through equitable_\n_social protection systems, rather than working_\n_through parallel systems, is also key to build_\n_resilience and ensure the sustainability of_\n_support to those in need [3]._\n\n\n**[1]** ILO (2020), Social protection responses to the COVID-19 crisis: Country\n\nresponses and policy considerations.\n\n**[2]** World Bank, UNHCR, Joint Data Centre on Forced Displacement,\n\n(2020) Compounding Misfortunes: Changes in Poverty since the onset\n\nof COVID-19 on Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan, the\n\nKurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon.\n\n**[3]** 3RP (2020), Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan \u2013 Regional Strategic\n\nOverview 2021-2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Study Compounding Misfortunes", - "confidence": 0.6932085156440735, - "start": 49, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7662749290466309, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR-WFP-World Bank", - "confidence": 0.6182258129119873, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "upper middle income international poverty line", - "confidence": 0.672074019908905, - "start": 170, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8795900344848633, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.6738812923431396, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.604778528213501, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015-16", - "confidence": 0.8554384112358093, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national statistical systems", - "confidence": 0.8442502617835999, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social assistance programs", - "confidence": 0.6132292151451111, - "start": 480, - "end": 483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host and refugee\ncommunities", - "confidence": 0.7219098806381226, - "start": 463, - "end": 467 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 7\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Country specific findings\n\n\n**Lebanon**\n\n_International Poverty Line_\n\n\n\nAt the international poverty line, the increase in poverty\nis found to be around 13 percentage points from baseline\nby the end of 2020, and 28 percentage points by end of\n2021 for the Lebanese population. For Syrian refugees, the\nincrease is estimated at around 39 percentage points by\nend of 2020, and 52 percentage points from baseline by\nend of 2021. In terms of the population, it is estimated that\nan additional 674,000 Lebanese individuals, and 577,000\nSyrian refugees fell below the international poverty line\nby the end of 2020. In 2021, the number of poor Lebanese\nis expected to have increased by 1.5 million over baseline;\nthe number of poor Syrian refugees is expected to have\nincreased by 780,000.\n\nIn terms of mitigation for Syrian refugees, cash assistance\nprograms [4] are estimated to have mitigated around 2 p.p.\nof the increase in poverty in the early months of the crisis,\nwhich is around 12% of the increase in poverty. These\nresults illustrate the limited impact the present social\nassistance has in protecting welfare in a situation where the\nmacroeconomic conditions deteriorate rapidly, and where\nstructural reform in the country is necessary.\n\n\n\nIn the case of Lebanon, the impact of cash assistance has\nbeen constrained by several factors: First, the country\u2019s\nvulnerable/instable economic situation and high inflation\ncauses the constant increase of the SMEB\u2019s absolute value\nwhile WFP and other humanitarian partners have not\nbeen able to further adjust assistance to refugees until\nthe large-scale social assistance program for Lebanese is\nimplemented; second, a low official exchange rate (USD\nto LBP) which does not reflect the actual market value,\nmeans that development and humanitarian community\nis losing 40 to 90 percent of donor money which could be\nused to assist beneficiaries. Despite these challenges, cash\nassistance remains the preferred modality for assistance\nas the local market and supply chains remain efficient\nfor now, and beneficiaries appreciate the choice that\nmultipurpose cash assistance continues to allow them.\n\n\n\n_Figure 5:_ **Changes in Poverty Headcount Ratio in Lebanon**\n**- International Poverty Line**\n\n\n**LEBANESE**\n\n\nChange in Poverty\nfrom Baseline (p.p.)\n\n\n\n**SYRIAN**\n\n\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n100\n90\n80\n70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\n\n\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n100\n90\n80\n70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\n\n\n\ninternational poverty\n\nline (5.5/day)\n\n\n\nmitigation \ninternational poverty\n\nline (5.5/day)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 8\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n\n_National Poverty Line_\n\n\nThe updated results show that, among the Lebanese\npopulation, poverty rates increased by 33 percentage\npoints from baseline at the national poverty line by the end\nof 2020; an increase from baseline of around 46 percentage\npoints is projected for the end of 2021. The Syrian refugees\u2019\npoverty rate is expected to have increased by 24 percentage\npoints, noting that they start at baseline at 24 p.p. higher\npoverty rate than the Lebanese. Their poverty is expected\nto be further exacerbated in 2021 through an increase of\n29 p.p., compared to baseline. These changes correspond\nto an increase in poverty of around 1.8 million Lebanese\nindividuals and 360,000 more Syrians at the end of 2020,\nand around 2.5 million Lebanese individuals and 430,000\nSyrian refugees by the end of 2021, compared to baseline.\nMitigation has a limited effect at this higher poverty line,\nexcept at the onset of the crisis when inflation was at lower\nrates, cash transfers to Syrian refugees mitigates 3.6 p.p. of\nthe increase in poverty (or 10 percent).\n\n_Figure 6:_ **Changes in Poverty**\n**Headcount Ratio in Lebanon**\n**- National Poverty Line**\n\n\n\n_Further analysis using the food price inflation_\n\n\nSince the food price inflation is considerably higher in\nLebanon than the overall CPI inflation, and because the\nfood consumption share of the consumer basket is likely to\nhave become larger as a result of the economic downturn,\nthis update also employs food price inflation to present\nan upper-bound projection of the change in poverty. The\nresults suggest that at this upper-bound projection, poverty\namong the Lebanese population would have increased by\naround 35 percentage points at the international poverty\nline, and by 47 at the national poverty line by the end of\n2020, and by 47 and 51 percentage points respectively by\nthe end of 2021 compared to baseline. These correspond\nto an increase in 1.8 million poor individuals by the end of\n2020, and 2.5 million poor individuals by the end of 2021,\nat the international poverty line compared baseline. At\nthe national poverty line, these correspond to an increase\nin 2.5 million more poor individuals among the Lebanese\npopulation in 2020, and 2.7 million by the end of 2021.\n\nFor the Syrian refugees, under this scenario, poverty is\nexpected to increase by 58 p.p. at the international poverty\nline and 29 p.p. at the national poverty line by 2020,\nand 68 p.p. and 31 p.p. respectively by the end of 2021,\ncompared to baseline. In population terms, these numbers\nsuggest that 863,000 more Syrian refugees fell under the\ninternational poverty line by the end of 2020, and up to a\nmillion by the end of 2021. At the national poverty line, an\nincrease of around 440,000 poor individuals is expected\nby the end of 2020, and 457,000 poor individuals by end of\n2021, compared to baseline.\n\nThese results further highlight the need for structural\nreform, and that impact of current regulations in limiting\nthe effect of social assistance considering the deteriorating\nmacroeconomic conditions that the country is facing. For\nrefugees, the mitigation of cash assistance is around 1\npercentage point (1.4 percent) at the international poverty\nline.\n\n\n\n**LEBANESE**\n\n\nChange in Poverty\nfrom Baseline (p.p.)\n\n\n\n**SYRIAN**\n\n\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n100\n90\n80\n70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\n\n\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n100\n90\n80\n70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\n\n\n\nnational\n\npoverty line\n\n\n\nmitigation \nnational poverty line\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 9\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n_Figure 7:_ **Changes in Poverty Headcount Ratio**\n**- International Poverty Line, adjusted for food price inflation**\n\n\n\n**LEBANESE**\n\n\nChange in Poverty\nfrom Baseline (p.p.)\n\n\n100\n\n90\n\n80\n\n70\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n**SYRIAN**\n\n\n100\n\n90\n\n80\n\n70\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\ninternational poverty\n\nline (5.5/day)\n\n\n\nmitigation \ninternational poverty\n\nline (5.5/day)\n\n\n\n_Figure 8:_ **Changes in Poverty Headcount Ratio**\n**- National Poverty Line, adjusted for food price inflation**\n\n\n\n**LEBANESE**\n\n\nChange in Poverty\nfrom Baseline (p.p.)\n\n\n100\n\n90\n\n80\n\n70\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\n**SYRIAN**\n\n\n100\n\n90\n\n80\n\n70\n\n60\n\n50\n\n40\n\n30\n\n20\n\n10\n\n0\n\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21\nMonth\n\n\n\nnational\n\npoverty line\n\n\n\nmitigation \nnational poverty line\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 10\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 11\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 12\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Conclusion\n\n\n\nThe update uses recent macroeconomic data\nand an updated set of mitigation strategies\nto revisit the estimates of the changes in\npoverty as a result of COVID-19 in Lebanon\nand Iraq-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The\ndifferent countries in the study have had\nvarying growth and poverty trajectories, but\nthe dynamic models highlight the extent of\nvulnerability faced by households as a result\nof the pandemic.\n\nLebanon is the most adversely affected\ncountry, given the overlapping crises with\nwhich the country is grappling. The estimates\nsuggest that the number of poor people may\nhave increased by as many as 1.5 million\nLebanese individuals and 780,000 Syrian\nrefugees, at the international poverty line.\n\n\n\nIn the Iraq-Kurdistan region of Iraq, the\nprevious recovery trajectory is revised and a\nlinear trend on the growth in 2020 is assumed.\nThe estimates suggest that an increase of\naround 738,000 individuals among the host\ncommunity, 88,000 refugees, and 28,000 IDPs\nby the end of 2021 can be expected, at the\ninternational poverty line.\n\nAs further data becomes available, this study\nwill continue to fine-tune these estimates\nto get a clearer picture of the poverty trends\nin the region and implications they have on\npublic policy and the programmatic work of\ninternational organizations.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "macroeconomic data", - "confidence": 0.9428820013999939, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5007029175758362, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.6959903836250305, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "international poverty line", - "confidence": 0.8469387888908386, - "start": 216, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.630517840385437, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6659778356552124, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host\ncommunity", - "confidence": 0.6264190673828125, - "start": 192, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 13\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n# Links and sources\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n2\n\n\n3\n\n\n4\n\n\n5\n\n\n\nThe population figures for Lebanon are calculated based on a population\nof 6,855,713, according to the UN population statistics, which includes an\nunofficial estimate of 1.5 million Syrian refugees.\n\nThe population of the host community of Iraq-KRI (5,167,166) is based on the\nSWIFT 2017-18 estimates of population. Syrian refugee population (237,052) is\nbased on UNHCR registration numbers in Iraq-KRI, and the IDPs population size\n(643,251) is based on the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix for Iraq-KRI.\n\nAccording to the Central Administration of Statistics in Lebanon (CAS), the\nConsumer Price Index (CPI) witnessed an annual inflation of 133% between\nOctober 2019 and November 2020, while Food Price Index (FPI) registered\nan inflation of 423% \u2013 representing an all-time high since CAS started price\nmonitoring on a monthly basis in 2007.\n\nThe mitigation policies adopted by UNHCR in Lebanon to assist the refugees\nin response to the COVID-19 crisis are also modelled, in particular, two\ninterventions. The first is a COVID-19 cash assistance program which targeted\n11,500 households in May 2020 with 320,000 LBP for three months, and 12,000\nhouseholds in August 2020 with 400,000 LBP for three months. WFP also\nexpanded assistance to Syrians refugees from 670,000 individuals to 820,000\nindividuals on a monthly basis in 2020 and provided in-kind assistance to\n157,000 Lebanese affected by COVID-19 and the economic crisis. In addition\nto increasing the number of beneficiaries reached, WFP also adjusted transfer\nvalues in Lebanese pounds from LBP 40,500 per capita in March to LBP 100,000\nas of November to compensate for inflation\n\nIn terms of mitigation strategies, UNHCR provided a one-off COVID-19\nemergency cash assistance for the value of 200 USD to all camp-based\nrefugees and IDPs at the start of the pandemic, and the same amount to\nvulnerable refugees and IDPs outside camps in June 2020. For modelling\npurposes these one-off assistance programs are assumed to be spread out\nover three months. To respond to the COVID-19 induced vulnerabilities, WFP\nscaled up its refugee response from around 36,000 to around 71,000 refugees\nliving in camp settings. WFP also provided monthly food assistance to all the\nIDPs in camp settings. An emergency Cash for Work intervention to reach\naround 100,000 vulnerable Iraqis, living in urban and peri-urban settings, was\nalso launched after the relaxation in movement restrictions. In response to the\ndevaluation of Iraqi Dinar in December 2020, WFP also increased it transfer\nvalue by 10%. NB due to lack of available date, these latter interventions are\nnot modelled in the above.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UN population statistics", - "confidence": 0.9695525169372559, - "start": 59, - "end": 62 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UN", - "confidence": 0.6228640675544739, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.7575244903564453, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7481318712234497, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.586691677570343, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9507337212562561, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6157001852989197, - "start": 132, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq-KRI", - "confidence": 0.7988590002059937, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6096409559249878, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Consumer Price Index", - "confidence": 0.9879377484321594, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CPI", - "confidence": 0.9697682857513428, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5149383544921875, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UPDATE: COMPOUNDING MISFORTUNES\nChanges in Poverty since the onset of Covid-19 on Syrian Refugees and 14\nHost Communities in Jordan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Lebanon\n\n\n\u00a9 2020-2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\n/ The World Bank\n1818 H Street NW\nWashington DC 20433\nTelephone: 202-473-1000\nInternet: www.worldbank.org\n\n\nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. 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Because The World Bank encourages\ndissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for\nnoncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.\n\n\nAny queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to\nWorld Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC\n[20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.](mailto:pubrights@worldbank.org)\n\n\nCover & design: UNHCR / Julia Klement\nPhotos and design used with the permission of UNHCR.\nFurther permission required for reuse.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2189b1cd-01d5-349b-965f-5b2a42f6d29a/Update%20to%20the%20Study%202021%20COMPOUNDING%20MISFORTUNES.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_74/raw/doc_74_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_74/raw/doc_74_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8899953c807b65af08fc0b1da8376a6a73c16a0b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_74/raw/doc_74_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Working Paper No. 84**\n\n# **The role and impact of humanitarian assets** **in refugee-hosting countries**\n\n\n**Melissa Phillips**\n\n\nE-mail : melly_p@email.com\n\n\nMarch 2003\n\n\n**Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqep00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese working papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates\nto publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do\nnot represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under\n\u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Much as the rich nations seem to get donor fatigue, likewise those\nwho have been hosting refugees for years with no solution in sight\nare similarly fatigued \u2026 the fact that we are required to open our\nborders to refugees (while others are closing theirs) without much\nsupport thereafter is very frustrating indeed. Once we admit the\nthousands and millions we are left alone to cushion both social and\neconomic impacts, something that puts our governments into\nconfrontation with the civil population particularly in the refugee\nimpacted areas. [1]\n\n**Introduction**\n\nWith growing concern being voiced by the governments of industrialized countries\nabout the problem of asylum-seekers on their territory, one could be forgiven for\nthinking that the greatest refugee impact is being felt in the world\u2019s more prosperous\nstates. [2] In reality, as UNHCR has argued, \u201cthe economic effects of hosting refugees\nare mostly felt in Africa\u201d. [3] Further, \u201cit is well known that in many emergency\nsituations, the initial assistance provided to the refugees comes not from UNHCR or\nWFP, but from the local populations and authorities\u201d. [4]\n\nThe impact of refugees on host communities has largely been assumed to be\nnegative. [5] As the government of Tanzania has stated, \u201cthe refugee problem seems to\nhave no end \u2026 it is a threat to host governments \u2013 a reality which needs the\nappreciation of the world community\u201d. [6] Pakistan has called for international\nrecognition of the contribution of \u201chost developing countries (when) faced with mass\n\n\n1 Statement by the Honourable Muhammed Seif Khatib, Minister for Home Affairs of the United\nRepublic of Tanzania, to the 53 [rd] Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner for\nRefugees (ExCom), Geneva, 1 October 2002.\n2 On this, B S Chimni notes that the \u201cEU debate focuses more on controlling migration from South to\nNorth than on addressing the root causes of migration or in assisting first asylum developing\ncountries.\u201d in \u201cAid, relief and containment: the first asylum country and beyond\u201d, Expert Working\nPaper prepared for the Centre for Development Research Study Migration-Development Links:\nEvidence and Policy Options (February 2002), p9.\n3 When persons of concern to UNHCR are compared with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, in\nStatistical Yearbook 2001: Refugees, Asylum-seekers and Other Persons of Concern \u2013 Trends in\nDisplacement, Protection and Solutions, Population Data Unit, UNHCR, Geneva, October 2002, p65.\nIn a statement made to the Third Committee of the General Assembly, in New York on 7 November\n2002 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees pointed out that 35 of the 48 least\ndeveloped countries host refugees.\n4 Crisp, Jeff, \u201cA state of insecurity: the political economy of violence in refugee-populated areas of\nKenya\u201d, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, No. 16, UNHCR, December 1999, p13.\n5 Karen Jacobsen, \u201cLivelihoods in conflict: the pursuit of livelihoods by refugees and the impact on the\nhuman security of host communities\u201d, Expert Working Paper prepared for the Centre for Development\nResearch Study: Migration-Development Links: Evidence and Policy Options, February 2002, p1. See\nalso Harrell-Bond who takes a slightly more optimistic view, suggesting that refugees are an\nopportunity for host governments to \u201cpositively transform\u201d their political economy. See _Imposing Aid:_\n_Emergency Assistance to Refugees_, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986, pp10\u201311, 331.\n6 Statement made by the Honourable Muhammed Seif Khatib, Minister for Home Affairs of the United\nRepublic of Tanzania, (2001), op. cit.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "influx of protracted refugee situations\u201d. [7] There has also been a tendency for this\ndebate to operate within the binary parameters of \u201cpositive impact\u201d and \u201cnegative\nimpact\u201d.\n\nBy focusing on the humanitarian assets and infrastructure provided to host countries,\nwith particular reference to the situation post-repatriation, this paper adds to a\ngrowing body of research \u201cthat seeks to understand the consequences of refugee and\nhumanitarian assistance for host countries and for refugees\u201d. [8]\n\n**Representations of refugees**\n\nIn presenting their perspective, host countries have largely represented refugees as\npassive recipients who drain resources or deplete natural resources. For example, the\ngovernment of the Islamic Republic of Iran stated that in the course of hosting large\nnumbers of refugees \u201cthe government and the people of the Islamic Republic of Iran\nhave encountered a lot of social, economic, cultural, political and security problems\n\u2026 it is certainly not fair for host countries to be left alone to cope with the\nrepercussions and consequences of this problem\u201d. [9] Nigeria \u201cshares the view that the\npresence of large numbers of refugees or asylum-seekers within a state can constitute\na serious pressure on the economy of the receiving states\u201d. [10]\n\nOther UNHCR reports have challenged this. For instance, Jamal found in Kakuma\ncamp (Kenya), that based on observation measurement the net impact of refugees\nupon the host community could be considered a positive one. [11] In C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, along\nwith an increase in aggregate production, refugees contributed to the level of\neconomic activity through increased demand and to the local economy through\nwork. [12]\n\nIn an effort to redress the situation, the High Commissioner for Refugees has\npromoted a potential role for refugees as \u201cagents of development\u201d. [13] It is argued that\nthrough the support of livelihood activities and promotion of self-reliance strategies,\nrefugees can not only contribute to the economic life of a region but also lessen their\ndependence on aid and reduce tension within a refugee populated area. [14]\n\n\n7 Statement by Secretary, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas and States and Frontiers\nRegions of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan at the 53 [rd] Session of ExCom, Geneva, 30 September\n2002.\n8 Jacobsen, (2002), op. cit., p2.\n9 Statement made by H E Mr M R Behzadian, Deputy Interior Minister for Planning and Programme to\nthe 52 [nd] Session of ExCom, Geneva, 1 October 2001.\n10 Statement made by the Nigerian delegation at the 53rd Session of ExCom, Geneva, 2 October 2002.\n11 Arafat Jamal, \u201cMinimum standards and essential needs in a protracted refugee situation: a review of\nthe UNHCR programmes in Kakuma, Kenya\u201d, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR,\nNovember 2000, p27.\n12 Kuhlman, Tom, \u201cResponding to protracted refugee situations: A case study of Liberian refugees in\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\u201d, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR, July 2002, p27.\n13 See for example, statement made by Mr Ruud Lubbers, United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees to the Third Committee of the General Assembly, New York, 7 November 2002.\n14 Jacobsen, (2002), op. cit.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "One aspect of refugee impacts that has largely remained unexplored is the role played\nby the significant amount of material and financial inputs made by UNHCR, its\nimplementing partners (IPs) and donor governments in a refugee populated area. It is\ntrue that \u201crefugee impacts\u201d can be difficult to measure or analyse, arriving as they do\nonto highly complex layers of host communities. But while we have come a long way\nin recognizing the heterogeneous nature of refugee populations, host communities are\nsometimes assumed to act with only one interest.\n\nIt goes without saying that any response to refugee movements must also consider the\nlocal population in a refugee populated area, not only those living in and around\nsettlements but also stakeholders at the local and central governmental level. Host\ncountries here refers to less developed countries that are more likely to receive large\nscale mass influxes of refugees.\n\n**Measuring impact**\n\nBefore focusing on the role of assets and infrastructure in host countries, it is\nimportant to first consider how the \u201crefugee hosting area\u201d has been figured in the\nliterature. Research measuring refugee impacts has taken a number of different\nstarting points which inform this paper. Significantly the author has found that a large\nproportion of the literature relies heavily on unqualified assumptions about \u201cimpacts\u201d.\nWhere conclusions are made they rely on incomplete data and the outcome depends\nlargely on the \u201cobjective of the interested party\u201d. [15] It would be fair to say that much\nresearch starts with assumptions about what the outcome is and so the debate\ncontinues in a fairly ad hoc manner.\n\nLandau adds that much of our current impressions are driven by perceptions, in fact to\ndetermine, \u201c \u2026 whether the aggregate effects on host populations and land are\npositive and negative \u2026 is next to impossible and would require an elaborate indices\nof gains and losses and considerable more longitudinal data than are typically\navailable for the areas involved\u201d. [16]\n\nIn any review of the available literature on \u201cimpacts\u201d one can find a significant\namount written about the impact of large-scale movements of refugees on the\nenvironment. [17] The fact that natural resources face increased pressure with the arrival\nof refugee populations is widely accepted. It is not the case though that this\n\u201c\u2026serious impact \u2026 can be alleviated only with international assistance.\u201d [18] As Black\n\n\n15 Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, \u201cEconomic and Social Impact of\nMassive Refugee Populations on Host Developing Countries, as well as other countries: a quantitative\nassessment on the basis of special case studies\u201d, 48 [th] Session of the Standing Committee,\nEC/48/SC/CRP.40, 3 August 1998, p4.\n16 Landau, Loren B, \u201cChallenges without transformation: changing material practices in refugeeaffected Tanzania\u201d, Paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for the Study of\nForced Migration, Thailand, 5\u20139 January, 2003, pp1\u20133.\n17 See for example, Thomas Hoerz, _Refugees and Host Environments: A Review of Current and_\n_Related Literature,_ Refugee Studies Programme, University of Oxford, August 1995, p9.\n18 Statement by Secretary, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas and States and Frontiers\nRegions of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (2002), op. cit.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee impacts", - "confidence": 0.949387788772583, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee populated area", - "confidence": 0.733815610408783, - "start": 38, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.5564106106758118, - "start": 84, - "end": 86 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Research measuring refugee impacts", - "confidence": 0.7325769662857056, - "start": 200, - "end": 204 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "host populations", - "confidence": 0.5240988731384277, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "indices\nof gains and losses", - "confidence": 0.7841539978981018, - "start": 338, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.7456193566322327, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "has argued much of our understandings about environmental impacts have been based\non \u201cvisual observation and consensus rather than measurement\u201d. [19]\n\nDraft environmental guidelines have been prepared by UNHCR that present methods\nto minimize impacts. Useful for this discussion are their recommendations for the reuse of infrastructures after camp closure so that it can benefit local populations and\ncommunities. In order to facilitate re-use, \u201cthe potential end-user of re-used camp\ninfrastructure should be consulted, or ideally be invited to participate, in the planning\nand design of camp infrastructure\u201d. [20]\n\nIt could be argued that any assessment of the impact of refugee presence in host\ncountries requires an economic component, however it is this very element of\nquantitative analysis that has been largely been absent from discussions to date. While\na comprehensive analysis of economic impacts of refugees is beyond the scope of this\npaper, it is important to introduce some factors that can determine the impact of\nrefugee presence.\n\nUNHCR has recently attempted to \u201cmeasure the burden shouldered by host countries\ncaring for refugees and displaced persons\u201d. [21] Relying on currently available core\nstatistics, namely refugee populations, populations of concern and asylum\napplications submitted, this analysis then compares these indicators with GDP,\nnational population size and national surface area. It is acknowledged that by focusing\non a national level, regional differences cannot be measured, but this study also\nassumes that refugees are confined to camps which results in a significantly increased\nburden to the host area as compared with the rest of the country. [22] This fails to\nconsider the large number of refugees living in urban areas and cannot account for the\nheterogeneous nature of refugee populations.\n\nWhile this work introduces an element of the economic contribution of host countries,\nit does this in isolation from any social analysis. If we accept, as some commentators\nhave, that local communities can also be beneficiaries, building capacity through\nresource sharing and knowledge exchange, [23] then we need more detailed socioeconomic information about refugee populations and the host communities within\nwhich they are located. Overall it seems that we are approaching this question the\nwrong way around. First we need to ask what does \u201cburden\u201d mean both in social and\neconomic terms and given this, what indicators are needed to present an accurate\npicture of the current situation.\n\n\n19 Black, (1999), p39, cited in Tiina Salmio, \u201cThe interdependence between local-global problems and\ntheir governance: refugees and the environment \u2013 tentative thoughts and observations\u201d, SAFIR\nWorking Paper No. 7, Department of Political Science, University of Turku, September 2002\n(forthcoming), p6.\n20 _Environmental Considerations in the Life Cycle of Refugee Camps,_ draft environmental guidelines,\nEngineering and Environmental Services Section, UNHCR, Geneva, July 2002, pp17\u201318.\n21 _Selected Indicators Measuring Capacity and Contributions of Host Countries_, Population Data Unit,\nUNHCR, April 2002, p1.\n22 Ibid, p2.\n23 Quinn, Mick, \u201cMore than implementers: civil society in complex emergencies \u2013 a discussion paper\u201d,\n_International Alert_, August 2002, p4.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "But this is not the only place where one can locate a discussion about the impact of\nrefugee populations on host countries. UNHCR\u2019s Agenda for Protection, the outcome\nof a consultative process between states, inter-governmental and non-governmental\norganizations as well as refugees, draws attention to the capacity of host developing\ncountries, its declaration calling for state parties to:\n\n\ncommit ourselves to providing, within the framework of\ninternational solidarity and burden-sharing, better refugee\nprotection through comprehensive strategies, notably regionally\nand internationally, in order to build capacity, in particular in\ndeveloping countries and countries with economies in transition,\nespecially those which are hosting large-scale influxes or\nprotracted refugee situations, and to strengthening response\nmechanisms, so as to ensure that refugees have access to safer and\nbetter conditions of stay and timely solutions to their problems. [24]\n\nFrom time-to-time this issue has also been on the ExCom agenda with UNHCR\nrecognizing that for \u201cthe majority of refugee-hosting developing countries, especially\nin Africa, combined with growing populations, scarcity of land and a series of natural\ndisasters, has caused the traditional hospitality of these lands towards refugees to be\nseverely strained \u2026 refugees can no longer be considered in isolation within the\nregions and among the populations where they find themselves and that the very\nconcept of self-sufficiency has to be re-examined in the light of the new\ncircumstances\u201d. [25]\n\nAnother body of literature that can be helpful for this present discussion is that\nexamining impacts on receiving countries and countries of asylum. It presents\nindicators that could also be used to determine the impacts of refugee populations\u2019 in\na host community, taking \u201ca field of study that has traditionally been the domain of\neconomic migrants\u201d and applying it to refugees. [26] Once again data limitations on\nrefugees\u2019 skills and educational backgrounds hampers in-depth studies which rely on\nan empirical analysis of the impact of asylum-seekers on receiving countries. [27]\n\nRefugees can contribute to both host countries and countries of origin through\nremittances. It is estimated that developing countries receive more than $60 billion a\nyear in remittances. A country like Sudan receives $638 million worth of remittances\ncompared with $225 million in aid. [28] It is impossible to calculate how much of this is\n\n\n24 _Agenda for Protection_, UNHCR, Geneva, June 2002, p4.\n25 \u201cRefugee aid and development in the context of UNHCR\u2019s assistance programmes\u201d, UNHCR,\nGeneva, 11 April 1989.\n26 Khalid Koser and Nicholas Van Hear, \u201cAsylum migration: implications for countries of origin\u201d,\npaper presented to WIDER Conference on Poverty, International Migration and Asylum, Helsinki, 27\u2013\n28 September 2002, p1.\n27 Martin, Susan F, Schoenholtz, Andrew I, and Fisher, David, \u201cImpact of asylum on receiving\ncountries\u201d, draft version (30 July 2002) of paper presented at WIDER Conference on Poverty,\nInternational Migration and Asylum, Helsinki, Finland, 27\u201328 September 2002, p2.\n28 2000 figures cited in \u201cThe view from afar\u201d, in \u201cThe longest journey: a survey of migration\u201d, _The_\n_Economist_, 2 November 2002, p11.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sent to neighbouring host countries, [29] however, Koser and Van Hear make a\ndistinction between asylum-seekers in the \u201cnear diaspora\u201d who are seldom able to\ngenerate money to send home and instead have a role as conduits for resources from\nthose in the \u201cwider diaspora\u201d. They present the case of Afghan refugees in Pakistan\nwho, in the absence of a functional banking system in their country of origin, acted as\nconduits for remittances. [30]\n\nThey found that remittances are also sent to refugees in countries of first asylum.\nAcknowledging that they take an optimistic perspective on the nature of remittance\ninvestment, they argue that money invested into housing, health and education\ncontributes to development. In addition, freed of other demands, the receivers of\nremittances can then invest directly in more productive enterprises. [31]\n\nBecause there has been \u201c\u2026 relatively little research on their (refugees) impact on\nreceiving countries\u201d, [32] researchers have to look more broadly to the impact of asylum\non receiving countries in order to learn more about impacts and how they are\nevaluated. The assertion that \u201cgovernment policies for handling asylum affect the\nimpact of asylum seekers\u201d is true for all host countries, as this affects entry into the\neconomic sphere including work, access to public assistance and training\nprogrammes. [ 33] As this literature reveals, factors within the host country such as a\nsecure legal status and freedom of movement can encourage refugees to participate as\ndo host government policies that encourage integration and therefore refugees\u2019\ncapacity to participate and the larger communities\u2019 receptiveness to their presence. [34]\n\nIn resettlement countries access can be limited due to lack of employment outcomes,\ntransferable skills, language ability and networks. These conditions can also\ndetermine the position of refugees in host countries. [35] Without denying the significant\ndifferences between refugees and migrants, methods of research exploring the impact\nof immigration could be revealing for this debate if applied to the context of refugees\nand asylum-seekers. Without comprehensive demographic characteristics of asylumseekers, it remains that \u201cthere is no single way in which the presence of asylumseekers will affect a receiving country\u201d. [36] This begs the question as to how we have\narrived at a situation where refugee impacts in developing countries are assumed to be\nlargely negative.\n\n\n29 Peter Gammeltoft \u201cRemittances and other financial flows to developing countries\u201d, Expert Working\nPaper prepared for the Centre for Development Research Study: Migration-Development Links:\nEvidence and Policy Options, Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 2002,\npii.\n30 Koser and Van Hear, (2002), op. cit., p6.\n31 Koser and Van Hear, (2002), op. cit., p9.\n32 Martin, _et al_, (2002), op. cit., p2.\n33 Ibid, p3.\n34 Koser and Van Hear, (2002), op. cit., p15, Martin _et al_, (2002), op. cit., p11.\n35 Martin _et al_, (2002), op. cit., p9.\n36 Ibid, p4.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugee-related assets**\n\nEvery year a significant proportion of UNHCR\u2019s budget in various country operations\nis spent on procurement. This involves expenditure on both permanent and nonpermanent infrastructure in host countries as well as countries of origin. But after a\nrefugee population repatriates or abandons a camp, few questions are asked about\nwhat happens to the tangible inputs put in place by UNHCR and its implementing\npartners. Is this because we trust the accountability of international organizations or\nthat we assume all the money has been spent? Some inputs may have a life-span\nbeyond this active period for example, permanent structures such as schools,\nhospitals, water points and moveable assets like vehicles and equipment.\n\nThis question has rarely been explored in the literature and so this part of the paper\nwill consider the role of assets using archival material and information gathered\nthrough interviews with key informants. [37] Case studies will then be presented of major\nrepatriations from Thailand, Malawi and Pakistan.\n\nThe role of assets in host developing countries has been chosen as a topic of\ninvestigation because it is a quantifiable input, although regretfully the available\ninformation is not comprehensive. It is also a sizeable input, as one person\ninterviewed for this research estimated, on average 40 per cent of UNHCR\u2019s budget is\nspent on procurement, logistics and transport activities increasing to up to 50 per cent\nfor the Afghanistan operation. In 2000, UNHCR Headquarters (HQ) spent $51 million\non procurement, plus a further $18 million regionally. [ 38] This increased by 62 per cent\nto $71.3million in 2001. UNHCR\u2019s total recorded inventory stands at some $300\nmillion (acquisition value). [39]\n\nAs part of its annual global appeal, UNHCR calls for a variety of inputs into host\ndeveloping countries to support the needs of refugee populations. Increasingly, as is\nthe case in Tanzania and Uganda, programmes also address the needs of local hosts. [40]\nInputs are made up of tangible assets and infrastructure that may be permanent, for\nexample, schools and pre-fabricated warehouses or temporary, such as plastic\nsheeting and tents. Infrastructure is constructed for refugees and for those supporting\nrefugees which may include governments by way of police barracks, the extension of\nprison facilities and health posts. There are also a number of moveable assets such as\nvehicles, trucks and motorcycles.\n\nUNHCR and its IPs have guidelines as to how these items are to be procured, but\nwhat happens to these inputs when refugee populations repatriate? This paper\nexplores whether assets, if they still retain any value, contribute to the host country,\nwhether they move with refugee populations to their country of origin or return to\nback to UNHCR or its IPs.\n\n\n37 This is limited to key informants at UNHCR Headquarters, the site for this research.\n38 UNHCR Mid-year Progress Report, 2002. All figures quoted are in US dollars unless otherwise\nindicated.\n39 Draft IOM/FOM, \u201cAsset management policy\u201d, October 2002.\n40 Whittaker, Beth Elise, \u201cChanging priorities in refugee protection: the Rwandan repatriation from\nTanzania\u201d, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, No. 53, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR,\nFebruary 2002, p6.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A problem one quickly encounters when attempting to further investigate this aspect\nof UNHCR\u2019s work, is the organizational attitude to assets that has prevailed until\nrecently. In 1993, of UNHCR\u2019s $250 million assets, only 20 per cent was recorded at\nheadquarters leaving 80 per cent of assets unaccounted for. [41] As an official interoffice memorandum that called for proper resource management noted \u201creviews have\nconsistently indicated that current management of project related assets is not\nadequate\u201d. [42] But if the organization has been lax in asset management, this poses a\ndifficulty for how it manages the next stage. That is, \u201c \u2026 once the refugees repatriate,\nwith the disposal of the physical assets associated with the care and maintenance\nprogrammes instituted to assist them\u201d. [ 43]\n\nAsset Management Boards (AMBs) are in place at local, regional and HQ levels and\nhave the responsibility for making decisions about, for example, the disposal of\nassets, repairs, donation of assets and transfer of ownership. [44] The Asset Management\nUnit (AMU) is responsible for the consolidation of all UNHCR assets globally, with\nlocal asset management boards (LAMB, as well as the Regional Asset Management\nBoard \u2013 RAMB) making recommendations to the HQ board (HAMB) which in turn\nmakes recommendations to UNHCR\u2019s Controller.\n\nIn considering transfer of ownership certain factors must be taken into consideration\nincluding that transfers to IPs be limited to the total depreciated value of $100,000 per\npartner per year. [45] But as one interviewee commented, problems exist with field level\ndecision-making as assets are often not returned and people can be reduced to fighting\nover assets that they believe were \u201cpromised\u201d to them.\n\nFurthermore, UNHCR is not always the first to raise the issue of asset disposal. As\none interviewee noted, \u201cbefore refugees move, locals are already thinking of what\nthey can get. It is a human reaction to think ahead of us. So, this issue is very early\nbrought up by locals\u201d. What also determines the situation is how \u201cwe (UNHCR)\npresent ourselves and approach things\u201d. As Shelly Dick has warned if refugee\nprotection \u201cis not clearly stated, refugees and the host government will conclude, on\nthe basis of UNHCR\u2019s initial response, that refugee protection equals material\nassistance\u201d. [46]\n\nWhen, as one interviewee observed, \u201cgoodies\u201d are driven through thousands of\nkilometres, it can be difficult to explain to locals where these assets originated from\nand to counter impressions that the local government is diverting funds in favour of\nrefugees. [47] This has been confirmed by Bakewell, he interviewed a local Zambian\n\n\n41 Inter-office memorandum 73/94, field office memorandum 75/94, (31 July 1994).\n42 Division of Controller and Management Services, inter-office memorandum (IOM) 73/94, field\noffice memorandum (FOM) 75/94, \u201cImplementation of the new asset management system\u201d, UNHCR,\nGeneva (1994), p1.\n43 Quinn, (2002), op. cit., p4.\n44 The terms of reference and board membership is set out in inter-office and field-office memorandum\n32/99, _Asset Management Boards_, UNHCR, Geneva, 1 March 1999.\n45 IOM/FOM 32/99, _Asset Management Boards,_ (1999), op. cit., p5.\n46 Shelly Dick, \u201cResponding to protracted refugee situations: A case study of Liberian refugees in\nGhana\u201d, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR, July 2002, p7.\n47 As Harrell-Bond notes, an impression that refugees have a position of privilege leads to resentment\nand tension, (1986), op. cit., pp7\u20138.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "who believed that \u201cgovernments will only bring things like schools and clinics to an\narea if it holds lots of people and they won\u2019t bother if the people have gone\u201d. [48] Of\ncourse at this stage tension does exist \u201camong local organizations and between\nrefugees and host populations over access to external resources ... relief assistance can\nundermine rather than strengthen indigenous capacity\u201d. [49] Items are handed over to\nlocals for good reason or to \u201cbuy your way in\u201d, but once this kind of relationship is\nestablished a \u201cvicious cycle\u201d begins. [50]\n\nMitigating any impact of a large refugee presence, one interviewee noted, needs to be\nconsidered not just \u201cat the end of the line, but along the way\u201d. It was added that this is\noften dependent on the personality of individuals involved who may view an\n\u201cemergency\u201d as having no link to development or have no time to discuss these issues\nwhilst working in highly demanding situations.\n\nAnother interviewee characterized this as a distinction between those who consider\nUNHCR\u2019s assistance to require inputs and those who see a limited role relating only\nto protection. Without assessments of, or accurate data on, the local populations,\nUNHCR is often trying to build the wealth of refugees ignoring poorer locals in their\nmidst. [51] Related to this, one interviewee put forward that we must recognize the role\nof hosts as active participants throughout an operation, who often make assets\navailable when refugees enter their territory.\n\nOrganizational culture has also influenced the disposal of assets. Until recently, as\none interviewee noted, a culture prevailed of \u201chanding assets over mainly to\nimplementing partners, local organizations or the (local) government\u201d. This so-called\n\u201cculture of handover\u201d developed as the organization had very few big operations and\n\u201ctherefore anything provided to an operation stayed there\u201d. Another interviewee felt\nsimply that \u201cwinding down means getting rid of stuff\u201d.\n\nThis is not always advantageous for hosts as often when they \u201cget the lot\u201d it may\ninclude a large proportion of assets they do not want and may have to pay large\namounts to maintain. [52] This has been likened by one interviewee to giving the dogs\nleftovers after everyone else has eaten at the plate! For example, it was commented\nwhen disposing of non-expendable property (NEP) from Thailand, that \u201cit should be\nnoted that in most cases the items being disposed of are over 10 year old \u2018junk\u201d. [53]\nMotorcycles used in Cambodia considered too expensive to maintain and therefore\nuneconomical for redeployment by UNHCR were recommended for donation to local\nagencies working in the field. [54]\n\n\n48 Bakewell, Oliver, \u201cRepatriation and self-settled refugees in Zambia: bringing solutions to the wrong\npeople\u201d, _Journal of Refugee Studies_, Vol 13, No. 14, December 2000b, p363.\n49 Ian Smillie, \u201cCapacity building and the humanitarian enterprise\u201d, in Ian Smillie, (2001), p7.\n50 Interview, Geneva, 14 October 2002.\n51 Interview, Geneva, 11 October 2002.\n52 Interview, Geneva, 15 October 2002.\n53 UNHCR, Situation Report No. 2, Thailand, March 1994 (THA/HCR/0394).\n54 Arun Sala Ngarm and Jennifer West, \u201cMission to Cambodia to investigate the redeployment of\nassets\u201d, 31 August\u201318 October 1993, UNHCR, Geneva, p5.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The organizational culture was also such that \u201ca new representative wants new stuff\u201d [55]\nand expenditure was therefore never capitalized with the real value of assets not being\nrecognized and managed. As one interviewee argued, if an asset is still within its\nserviceable life then it should be redeployed to other operations to save costs to the\norganization of acquiring new assets. If it is outside of its serviceable life then it could\nbe sold or its ownership transferred. [56]\n\nIt appears to be the case that there is definitely a place for handing over assets but, as\none interviewee warned, \u201cwe need to ask why we are building capacity and who for\u201d.\nFor instance, they question the value of transferring ownership to international NGOs\nwhose presence is often limited after an operation. [57] Instead assets should be\ntransferred to local actors and NGOs, with better articulated policies for doing this,\nand \u201ctransfer to other UN agencies and international NGOs should be banned\u201d.\n\nIt should be recognized that there has been a shift towards redeploying assets where\npracticable as opposed to donating them or transferring their ownership. By October\n2002, $121,933 worth of assets had their ownership transferred and $33,692 had been\ndonated due to phasing down of operations. By comparison, $277,684 worth was\nredeployed. [58] The following case studies of major refugee repatriations illustrate much\nof what has been raised by those interviewed for this project. Whilst not exhaustive,\nthey draw on the available archival material, and contribute to what is already known\nabout the impact of operations on refugee impacted areas.\n\n_Malawi_\n\nIn 1990 Malawi hosted the largest numerical and proportional refugee population in\nAfrica, which peaked with over a million Mozambicans in late 1992. [59] Despite this,\nfinancial inputs into Malawi had been relatively modest. For example total annual\nUNHCR expenditure was approximately $4.5 million (1987), $22.9 million (1988),\n$19.6 million (1989), $23 million (1990) and $28 million in 1992. A 1993 appeal for\nthe Mozambican repatriation from all six countries called for a three-year financial\nrequirement of $203 million. [60]\n\nAfter the repatriation of Mozambicans between 1992\u20135, what was left behind was\ncharacterized in a UNHCR/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)\ndevelopment project as a severe negative impact on the economy and natural\nresources of the country. It was claimed that the government had to fund a portion of\nrefugee assistance out of its own revenues, that refugees increased the pressure on\n\n\n55 Interview, Geneva, 14 October 2002.\n56 As was pointed out by the same interviewee, transfer of ownership really constitutes a donation but\nthis term is used to indicate that UNHCR is no longer responsible for the ongoing maintenance of\nassets.\n57 For example, according to Alan Simmance, \u201cEvaluation of UNHCR\u2019s repatriation operation to\nMozambique\u201d, Inspection and Evaluation Service, UNCHR, February 1996, p36, after the\nMozambican repatriation only one NGO, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, remained in Malawi after March\n1995.\n58 Asset Management Board statistics, 10 October 2002, UNHCR, Geneva.\n59 Simmance, (1996), op. cit., p24.\n60 Ibid, p16. It is later pointed out that the operation cost much less; around $150 million.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "public resources services and increased demand on goods and services. [61] The\nMalawian government also expressed concern over deforestation and land\ndegradation in the refugee hosting districts, estimating that over 100,000 hectares had\nbeen affected by the time the last refugee left. [62]\n\nA US Embassy/USAID Malawi report cited in UNHCR\u2019s evaluation found that most\nMalawians believed that the refugee situation in their country was going to be longterm, [63] and a 1996 UNHCR evaluation highlighted that the government was \u201canxious\nto secure continuing support for restoration of the environment and the maintenance\nof the physical assets which are now its responsibility to administer\u201d. [64] Despite some\neffort to rehabilitate the railway line used to transport refugees, overall UNHCR\u2019s\nevaluation found that in Malawi the environmental and ecological consequences of\nhosting refugees was enormous. The complex physical infrastructure remaining\n\u201crepresented a major asset either to be used for the national benefit or left to waste\u201d. [65]\n\nWhat was to become of this enormous, complex physical infrastructure? At an extraordinary meeting of the Property Survey Board (now called the Asset Management\nBoard) in April 1995, $30 million worth of assets was recommended for approval to\nbe transferred to the Malawi government. This consisted of 90 vehicles, 96\nmotorcycles, 1572 water points, 435 class rooms, around 9000 desks, 224 health\nfacilities, 53 warehouses, 18 distribution sheds and 17 relief offices. [66] In addition\n8138 hectares of the environment was re-afforested at a cost of $2.5 million and\n\u201cabout 1000 kilometres of feeder roads that facilitated the transportation of food, were\nrehabilitated and constructed at the cost of approximately $14.5 million\u201d. [67]\n\nIn the case of assets, it was argued that \u201credeployment to other UNHCR operations\nwas not a consideration on this occasion, in view of the age of some of the vehicles\nand the fact that the government would be continuing the existing projects until mid1996\u201d. [68] UNHCR\u2019s evaluation of the Mozambican repatriation did not elaborate on\nthis handover, instead noting that it \u201c\u2026 reiterate(d) the importance of an orderly\nphasing out of relief assistance and the disposal of assets to the best advantage of the\nhost nation which has borne the burden of the refugee presence\u2026\u201d. [69]\n\nThe agreement is similar to many made by UNHCR with governments and NGOs,\nstipulating that the assets be used for the \u201chumanitarian and non-profit purposes\nwhich are consistent with the mandate and objectives of UNHCR, and that the\n\n61 UNDP/UNHCR Development Programme Project of the Government of Malawi \u2013 income\ngenerating activities, 1993.\n62 Minutes of 9th Meeting of the Tripartite Commission for the Voluntary Repatriation of Mozambican\nrefugees in Malawi, held in Blantyre, Malawi, 25\u201326 July 1994.\n63 Simmance, (1996), op. cit., p26.\n64 Ibid, p37.\n65 Ibid, p35.\n66 Annexes I\u2013VIII to the \u201cAgreement Governing the Transfer of Ownership of UNHCR Assets\nbetween the Government of the Republic of Malawi, and the United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees\u201d, 29 April 1995.\n67 Annex IX to the \u201cAgreement Governing the Transfer of Ownership of UNHCR Assets between the\nGovernment of the Republic of Malawi, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\u201d, 29\nApril 1995.\n68 Minutes of the Extra-ordinary Meeting of the Property Survey Board, 25 April 1995.\n69 Simmance, (1996), op. cit., p36.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "recipient\u2019s pursuit of the said purposes will be enhanced by the transfer of the\nspecified assets\u201d. [70] It also states that assets should retain existing UNHCR\nidentification logos and marks. This recognizes the origin of the assets but it could\nlead to further confusion about the role of UNHCR.\n\nDespite this donation of assets, a later World Bank \u201cstudy of uncompensated public\nexpenditures arising from the refugee presence in Malawi recommended an\nemergency assistance programme in 1990\u201391 of up to $25 million \u2026 this was the\namount, after deduction of international aid provided through UNHCR, invested in\nrefugee related government assistance and administration during the preceding two\nyears\u201d. [71]\n\n_Pakistan_\n\nAt present, UNHCR is undertaking one of its largest repatriation programmes in\nAfghanistan with over two million refugees returning to the country since March\n2002. Given that this repatriation is still ongoing, it is too early to consider the effect\nof assets post-repatriation however some preliminary observations will be made here.\nThis case study will highlight some aspects of the relationship between host and\nrefugee communities.\n\nThe 3.3 million Afghan refugees, some of whom have lived in Pakistan for over 15\nyears, have largely been portrayed by the host government as a burden. The\nAmbassador and Permanent Representative of Pakistan has said that \u201cPakistan has\nsheltered 3 million refugees without any significant international assistance over the\nlast two decades. Each refugee receives 8 to 10 dollars from the international\ncommunity \u2013 the burden of this had been met by Pakistan\u201d. [72] An earlier IRIN article\nstated that Pakistan found its Afghan refugees to be a \u201cback-breaking economic\nburden\u201d that they were unable to absorb. It added that it \u201c\u2026 is unfair to expect\nPakistan to be solely responsible for looking after the refugees\u201d. [73] A link was also\nmade between refugees and crime, with the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)\nInspector General of Police suggesting that 90 per cent of crimes are committed by\nAfghan refugees, who are also causing lawlessness. [74]\n\nThese statements were made with requests for money, for instance in October 2001\nPakistan said that would it need $120 million to cope with the refugee influx. [75]\nUNHCR\u2019s operation in Pakistan has gained an increased profile since the American\n\n\n70 \u201cAgreement Governing the Transfer of Ownership of UNHCR Assets between the Government of\nthe Republic of Malawi, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\u201d, 29 April 1995.\n71 UNHCR ExCom Paper, \u201cSocial and economic impact of large refugee populations on host\ndeveloping countries\u201d, EC/47/SC/CRP.7, 6 January 1997, pp1\u20132.\n72 Statement made by H E Mr Munir Akram, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Pakistan at\nthe 52 [nd] session of ExCom, Geneva, 3 October 2001.\n73 \u201cPakistan: Afghan refugees an economic burden, official says\u201d, IRIN News, 14 November 2000.\n74 \u201c1.3m Afghan children eligible for Pak citizenship\u201d, Fayyaz Ahmed Khan, _Frontier Post_, 24 August\n1991.\n75 \u201cFocus on economic impact of Afghan crisis\u201d, IRIN News, 9 October 2001.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "military action in Afghanistan, this has also seen its budget grow from $16,499,652 in\n1999 and $17,913,028 in 2000 to $35,203,309 in 2001. [76]\n\nAs has been argued earlier, impacts are often discussed with no comprehensive\ninformation about the refugee population in question. For this reason it is important to\npresent some information about the profile of Afghan refugees. Of the Afghan\nrefugees living in Pakistan, 37 per cent are of an economically active age but the\nmajority (59 per cent) are young people aged under 17 years. [77] As a recent UNHCR\nsurvey detailed, half of the refugees live in designated villages of NWFP and the\nremainder in urban areas of the province. [78] Most of these refugees, 73 per cent in\nvillages and 85 per cent in urban areas reported having paid jobs with even 19 per\ncent of 10\u201320 year-olds employed. [79] It is quite clear that with many refugees also\nliving in cities, including Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Karachi, a substantial number\nare well integrated into the local employment market, [80] often carrying out work that\nlocals are not interested in doing. [ 81]\n\nIt can be very difficult to gain realistic information about remittances sent to refugees\ngiven that they are more likely to under-report income. Therefore it is not surprising\nthat 94 per cent of Afghan refugees interviewed by UNHCR stated that they did not\nreceive remittances from abroad. [82] As was noted earlier, Afghan refugees in Pakistan\ndid play an important role as conduits for resources during the 1990s when the\nbanking system in Afghanistan was not operational.\n\nAnother economic activity is the so-called \u201cgrey\u201d or war economy that operates in\nAfghanistan, with the smuggling trade between Pakistan, Iran and Central Asia about\nwhich we have limited knowledge. [83] A recent IRIN article cited research which had\nuncovered that the smuggling trade was worth up to $2.5 billion every year. It went\non to note that if the multi-billion dollar trade was curbed it could lead to\nunemployment for tens of thousands as \u201csmuggling is a major source of income for\npeople living on both sides of the border\u201d, accounting for up to 40 per cent of income\ngeneration in NWFP and tribal areas. [84]\n\nAs the limited evidence presented here suggests, the relationship between Afghan\nrefugees and the host community of Pakistan is certainly more complex than burden\nand provider. As Landau has put forward, any large concentration of refugees near\nhost communities has the potential to \u201cfundamentally and unpredictably transform\nexisting patterns of material exchange\u201d. [85]\n\n76 Budget information from Operations Review Board, rate of implementation over three years \u2013 1999\nto 2001, 22 April 2002.\n77 UNHCR cited in Koser and Van Hear, (2002), op. cit., p3.\n78 Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), \u201cA profile of Afghan refugees in\nPakistan and their intentions to return: results of a rapid survey conducted between February and May\n2002 for UNHCR\u201d, 7 August 2002, p1.\n79 NIDI, (2002), op. cit., p10\u201311.\n80 Cited in UNHCR 2001 Global Appeal, p155.\n81 NIDI, (2002), op. cit., p7.\n82 Ibid, p17.\n83 Jonathan Goodhand, \u201cFrom holy war to opium war? a case study of the opium economy in northeastern Afghanistan\u201d, _Disasters_, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2000, p14.\n84 \u201cPakistan: Focus on cross border trade and smuggling\u201d\u2019 IRIN News, 13 May 2002.\n85 Landau, (2003), op. cit., p8.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Further exploration reveals that now that Afghan refugees are beginning to repatriate\nmany local businesses are complaining of a different problem, that of economic loss.\nAs a recent article found, \u201cwhile Afghan refugees were seen by many as a burden on\nthe economy, their rapid repatriation from Pakistan, particularly from NWFP has\ncaused a sharp downturn in the local economy, with many businesses recording\nsevere losses and facing possible closure after the massive exodus\u201d. [86]\n\nThis case study presents evidence that Afghan refugees contributed to the local\neconomy of Pakistan, but also goes towards supporting those commentators who\nsuggest that an impacted area is greatly influenced by perceptions of factors such as\nrefugee-related inflation and physical insecurity. [87]\n\n_Thailand_\n\nThe complex repatriation operation of Cambodians from Thailand is now widely\nagreed to have been both a successful and most effective undertaking by UNHCR.\nUnder this operation 362,209 persons were repatriated from Thailand to Cambodia by\n30 April 1993.\n\nThere were many actors working towards this outcome, not least the Thai government\nwhich was most eager to see the refugee population it had been hosting for many\nyears return to Cambodia. For the Thais, the impact of this refugee population was\nmade clear in a press statement which announced that \u201cThailand has had to bear the\nburden of Cambodian displaced persons for more than 13 years and does not wish to\nbear it any longer\u201d. [88] Another reason for wanting to see repatriation take place was\nthat Thailand\u2019s regional and national priorities had changed, so that it no longer had\neither a geopolitical or economic interest in maintaining camps. The Thai authorities\nalso wanted to exploit other opportunities in neighbouring countries. [89]\n\nAt the outset of the repatriation operation attention had already been drawn to the\nimpacts of the refugee population in Thailand, with a press release stating that\n\u201cbanditry remained a serious concern. Incidents had affected not only the Khmers in\nthe campsites, but Thai villagers as well\u2026 Environmental problems would remain\nwhen campsites had been vacated \u2026 Serious problems, such as land degradation and\ndeforestation had affected Thai villagers living near the camps. Remedial and timely\naction was needed in response. The problems were of a major magnitude. An\nobjective survey of the situation by competent authorities was needed. \u2026 The\ninternational community must continue to render its assistance to United Nations\nhumanitarian activities for those in need\u201d. [90] In order to address this impact UNHCR\n\n86 \u201cPakistan: Afghan exodus impacts on fragile border economy\u201d, IRIN news, 4 July 2002.\n87 See for instance Landau, (2003), op. cit., p22.\n88 \u201cCambodian civilians displaced into Thailand by the fighting inside Cambodia return safely to their\ncountry of origin\u201d, press release of Permanent Mission of Thailand to the Office of the United Nations\nin Geneva, No. 9/2537, 1994.\n89 Crisp, Jeff and Mayne, Andrew, _Review of the Cambodian repatriation operation_, UNHCR\nEvaluation Section, September 1993, pp29\u201330.\n90 Thai representative, Nitya Pibulsonggram, cited in \u201cDonors pledge $6.7 million for assistance to\nCambodians\u201d, United Nations Press Release, 22 January 1991, p8.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "undertook a number of quick impact projects (QIPs) as well as planting trees and\nmaintaining access roads. [91]\n\nOver the many years that it had been hosting Cambodian refugees, Thailand had\nalready benefited from a procurement policy that gave priority, \u201cwithout detriment to\nthe UN financial regulations on competitive bidding \u2026 to ordering goods and\nservices in Thailand and in Cambodia\u201d. [92] This is no different from current UNHCR IP\nprocurement guidelines that also encourages support for the economies of refugee\nhosting countries through the procurement of goods manufactured \u201cin the area of\noperation\u201d. [93]\n\nWhile the archival material available on this repatriation contains records of assets\nand decisions by various boards with regard to their disposal, one can find discussions\nabout the ongoing maintenance of assets. For example, with regard to Cambodia it\nwas noted that if buildings are dismantled and donated to local authorities, they may\nfind it difficult to obtain complementary funding to expand facilities concerned. [94]\nWhile attempting to redeploy assets where appropriate, UNHCR staff also had to\nconsider the role of assets in the reconstruction of Cambodia and they faced pressure\nto do this.\n\nA press release of the International Committee on the Reconstruction of Cambodia\nurged the United Nations to consider the developmental needs of the country when\nmaking decisions about disposal of assets and to explore expeditiously how assets\nmight be retained for benefit of Cambodia. [95] Transfer agreements with organizations\noperating within Cambodia, specified how assets were to be used and set a date of six\nmonths for implementation of this purpose. UNHCR retained the right to take back\nproperty within this period if it was not satisfied with the way it was being used. It\nappeared that while UNHCR wanted to use this property for positive means it also\nhad concerns about the military use of property established for humanitarian\npurposes.\n\nAs an indication of how serious an issue the disposal of assets was, a mission was\nundertaken between 31 August and 18 October 1993 by UNHCR to investigate the\nredeployment of assets from Cambodia. [96] While this does not relate directly to\nThailand, it is a useful example of how assets can be managed when planning\nrepatriations.\n\nThe mission aimed to quantify and evaluate assets and the resulting report presented\nrecommendations for action. Given that the total depreciated value of assets was\n\n\n91 \u201cCambodia/Thailand repatriation and reintegration operation\u201d, in UNHCR Global Report 1999.\n92 Tripartite Memorandum of Understanding Among the Royal Thai Government, the Supreme\nNational Council of Cambodia and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nRelating to the Repatriation of Cambodian Refugees and Displaced Persons from Thailand, 199?\n(Check date)\n93 IP Procurement Guidelines \u2013 For Implementing Partners of UNHCR Funded Programmes, UNHCR,\nGeneva, November 2001, p4.\n94 General Briefing Note on Cambodia, UNHCR, Cambodia, 28 September 1993.\n95 Press release of the 1st Meeting of the International Committee on the Reconstruction of Cambodia \u2013\n9 September 1993.\n96 Ngarm and West, (1993), op. cit.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "$14,670,713 this was a significant undertaking. [97] Even more significant was its\npreference for transfer of ownership to voluntary agencies who \u201c\u2026 are carrying out\nactivities to serve the basic needs of the returnees and local residents. To facilitate the\nsmooth re-integration of the returnees, it is only logical that UNHCR transfer the\nownership of the vehicles to the agencies concerned, with the proviso that they will\nhand over these assets to the government/provincial counterparts or local NGOs\u201d. [98]\n\nThis mission also highlighted the role of staff who need to be involved in the efficient\nredeployment of assets and who have the necessary skills to negotiate with\ngovernments, local authorities and organizations. [99] It pointed out that assets need to be\nrecorded upon receipt and proper inventories maintained with information about use\nof equipment by IPs. As was noted previously, a problem can occur when decisions\nare made at a local level without reference to headquarters. In the case of Thailand it\nwas claimed that due to lack of storage space, it was not always possible to await\nProperty Survey Board decisions with regard to the disposal of some surplus NEP. [100]\nIt appeared to have been the case that some decisions were being made regionally\nwithout adequate time for the AMB to respond.\n\nRegardless of this, a number of assets were redeployed from both Thailand and\nCambodia to other operations including vehicles to Laos, Myanmar, Dubai,\nBangladesh and Mozambique, radio equipment to HQ, and surplus furniture to\nMyanmar. [101] Many assets in Cambodia were transferred to operational partners and\nothers donated and/or retained by the agencies to which they were already allocated. [102]\nThis could perhaps reinforce notions that once an asset is procured for an operation it\ncontinues to belong to an IP, breaking the link between the asset and UNHCR. It was\nalso noted that by transferring ownership of assets a precedent was being set for the\ndisposal of property following other large operations. [103]\n\nOn the Cambodian side, a Field Property Survey Board (FPSB) was established in\nPhonm Penh which agreed to \u201cdonate\u201d many goods to both local NGOs, IPs and the\ngovernment. Priority was given to local NGOs involved in human rights and social\nservices activities. [104] A further 83 vehicles in good condition were redeployed to other\noperations. In some cases goods were transferred to inter-governmental organizations\n(IGOs) such as the World Food Programme with an expectation that they would\neventually be transferred to local agencies or government authorities.\n\nThis raises the question as to whether UNHCR has any responsibility for an asset\nafter its ownership has been transferred and, if this is the case, how can it ensure that\nthe asset is still being used for the intended purpose at the time of transfer of\nownership. It was noted by the FPSB that assets could also be donated for more\n\n\n97 Of this Ngarm and West, (1993), identified $6,205,144 worth of assets as being suitable for\nredeployment op. cit., p20.\n98 Ngarm and West, (1993), op. cit., p3.\n99 Ibid, p23.\n100 Situation Report No. 2, UNHCR Branch Office Thailand, March 1994 (THA/HCR/0394).\n101 Situation Report No. 1, January\u2013February 1994 (THA/HCR/0231).\n102 Internal Memorandum, UNHCR, Geneva, 15 November 1993.\n103 Minutes of the First Meeting of the Field Property Survey Board, 23 December 1993.\n104 Minutes of the First Meeting of the Field Property Survey Board, 23 December 1993.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "general humanitarian activities rather than a specific designation should that cause\nunrealistic expectations.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nPresenting the impact of large numbers of refugees in developing countries as either a\nburden or a boon is not a helpful framework for further exploration of this issue. Any\ninflux of refugee populations, expatriate staff and an international relief effort means\na range of inputs, including assets that are inevitably going to have some affect on the\nhost community. [105] How to measure these inputs demands more detailed development\nof indicators as well as comparative analysis because \u201conly through comparison with\neither a similar unit of analysis or against national trends, does it become possible to\nisolate those effects that are indeed influx related\u201d. [106]\n\nWhile assets may be afforded a position of lesser importance in complex operations,\nwhat has been presented here demonstrates that there are very good reasons for this\nsizeable input, with potential benefits for both refugee populations and host\ncommunities, to be considered throughout an operation and particularly during\nrepatriations. This reinforces that \u201c\u2026 it is extremely important that phase-out\narrangements and negotiations be conducted with great sensitivity and diplomacy,\nparticularly where the host government is concerned.\n\nThe departure of the refugees means loss as well as gain to the host society and the\nneed to assume responsibilities and administer assets, which have hitherto been\nhandled by external agencies, may come as both a challenge and a shock. There is a\nnatural desire to \u2018squeeze the lemon\u2019 for every last drop of aid before its too late.\nFuture good relations may well depend on the spirit and manner in which the phaseout process is carried out\u201d. [107]\n\nWhat happens to these assets when a repatriation operation is undertaken also relates\nclosely to organizational accountability and financial management. While it might be\nobvious to state that the first consideration should be to redeploy any assets that may\nstill be within their serviceable life in order for UNHCR to get the most out of its\npurchase, as the case studies have shown this is not always the case. If assets have\nbeen acquired by UNHCR for a particular programme then it could be argued that the\nassets should, as was the case with Cambodia, return with the repatriating population.\nAssets could then contribute to rehabilitation and reconstruction for the population for\nwhich they were acquired.\n\nAnother example is Malawi where assets not suitable for redeployment were handed\nover to the government who had contributed to hosting the refugee population.\nHanding over such a large amount of assets sets a significant precedent although there\nis no information as to how these assets are being used now and if the government\nwas able to maintain them afterwards.\n\n105 Landau, (2003), op. cit., p7.\n106 Landau, (2003), op. cit., p26.\n107 Simmance, (1996), op. cit., p36.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The obvious problem associated with this action is that being perceived as a wealthy\nprovider \u201c\u2026 local authorities and security services are likely to \u2026 turn to apparently\nwealthy international organizations such as UNHCR for support\u201d. [108] Crisp suggests\nthat one way to avoid this is to ensure that Memorandums of Understanding between\nUNCHR and governments are clear about what UNHCR can and cannot provide. [109]\nHowever the risk is that this action can further increase competition between host\ngovernments competing for funds. [110]\n\nWithout more in-depth research conducted into what Martin _et al._ terms \u201cthe broader\neconomic life of a receiving country\u201d, [111] we lack the capacity to further consider the\nrole of these assets. However if one is of the opinion that \u201c \u2026 increased recognition\nshould be given to the sacrifices asked of the country of first asylum, and everything\npossible should be done to compensate it in such a way that the potential benefits of\nthe new immigrants for development are realized and the inevitable burdens\nminimized\u201d then perhaps the handing over of assets is one way to achieve this. [112] This\ncould also be a way for UNHCR to demonstrate its commitment to capacity building\nin less developed countries, noting that capacity building is more than just trucks and\nwarehouses but involves less tangible inputs such as skills and knowledge-transfer.\n\nWith donors who \u201care no longer passive paymasters, but are seeking to be informed\npurchasers of humanitarian services\u201d, [113] how the organization treats this important\ninfrastructure, taking into account its own needs, that of refugee populations as well\nas those affected by their presence, is no easy task but demonstrates a commitment to\nfinancial management. UNHCR needs to take the complexity of repatriation\noperations into consideration and this can be achieved by tailoring policies to address\nthe needs and priorities of each specific context. [114] Methods such as a Strengths,\nWeaknesses, Opportunities and Constraints (SWOC) sector analysis have been\nemployed to achieve this. [115] It has also been demonstrated that community-based\napproaches are the most appropriate way to for UNHCR to be involved with camp\nclosures and interventions during repatriations. [116]\n\n\n108 Jeff Crisp, _Lessons learned from the implementation of the Tanzania security package_, EPAU,\nUNHCR, May 2001, p4.\n109 Ibid.\n110 For more on this see Harrell-Bond, (1996), op. cit., p8.\n111 Martin _et al_ ., (2002), op.cit, p6.\n112 Kuhlman (2002), op. cit., p40.\n113 Overseas Development Institute, \u201cThe \u2018bilateralisation\u2019 of humanitarian response: trends in the\nfinancial, contractual and managerial environment of official humanitarian aid: a background paper for\nUNHCR\u201d, October 2002, p19.\n114 Whittaker, Beth Elise, \u201cChanging priorities in refugee protection: the Rwandan repatriation from\nTanzania\u201d, _New Issues in Refugee Research_, No. 53, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR,\nFebruary 2002, p14.\n115 Petersen, Morten, \u201cRehabilitation of refugee-affected areas in Eastern Sudan \u2013 findings from an\ninter-agency mission\u201d, Engineering and Environmental Services Section, UNCHR, October 2002, p23.\n116 Ibid, p31.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/aece2280-be88-384e-8f37-4a24b75702eb/30301A6347A08FC1C12571D30044A1E7-UNHCR-Mar2003.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_740/raw/doc_740_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_740/raw/doc_740_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d3ea2a4b89fe399cd72f8989c54cdbd38309809a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_740/raw/doc_740_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **I. INTRODUCTION**\n\n### **Background**\n\nThe hopes and prospects of the world\u2019s newest nation were shattered in December 2013, when\nviolence broke out in South Sudan\u2019s capital and quickly spread to other locations in the country. As\na result of the conflict, one and a half million people have displaced within South Sudan, and over\n600,000 have fled to neighbouring countries by July 2015. As stated by the African Committee of\nExperts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, _\u201cthe impact of the conflict on children in the previous_\n_months has been greater than in the entire 21-year period of the second civil war_ \u201d [1] .\n\nSouth Sudan also hosts over 264,000 Sudanese refugees, who have fled the border region of South\nKordofan and Blue Nile in Sudan from a forgotten conflict that started over four years ago.\n\nChildren bear the brunt of the conflict. Girls and boys continue to be exposed to displacement,\ndistress, gender-based violence, recruitment into armed forces and groups, and other forms of\nviolence, abuse and exploitation. Children have been separated from their families on an\nunprecedented scale. Over 34,000 separated or unaccompanied children have been registered,\nrepresenting 10%, of the total number of refugee children in some of the countries of asylum. With\nalmost 70% of the refugees from South Sudan and Sudan under the age of 18, both conflicts are\nnothing less than a war on their children.\n\n### **A Regional Approach to the Protection of South Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee** **Children**\n\nIn response to this crisis, and in light of the serious impact on children, UNHCR and child protection\npartners jointly developed a _Regional Framework for the Protection of South Sudanese and_\n_Sudanese Refugee Children_ (the Regional Child Protection Framework) in the first half of 2014. This\nFramework set a common vision for protection of South Sudanese and Sudanese refugee children\nin Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. It supported a coordinated and predictable\nresponse for refugee children across the region and promoted the harmonization of activities and\nimplementation of child protection minimum standards. The Regional Child Protection Framework\nwas complemented by more detailed country-specific intervention plans for child protection. It was\nestablished for a one-year period (May 2014-June 2015), after which it would be reviewed and\nupdated.\n\nDuring May-June 2015, the Lutheran World Federation, Plan International, Save the Children,\nUNHCR, UNICEF, and World Vision, as part of the Regional Child Protection Network, conducted\nassessment missions to the concerned countries to review the implementation of the Regional Child\nProtection Framework. The findings of these missions were validated during a regional inter-agency\nconsultation in July in Nairobi. The meeting also agreed on regional child protection priorities for the\nnext two years, and deliberated on key bottlenecks and on adjustments required to the updated\nRegional Child Protection Framework\n\nThis present document is a result of these inter-agency consultations. It updates the Regional Child\nProtection Framework (2014-2015) and establishes clear regional strategic priorities for the region\nwith specific targets and indicators for the next two years (July 2015-June 2017).\n\n\n1 African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Press Statement following mission\nof the ACERWC on the situation of children in South Sudan, August 2014, p.2.\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **II. KEY CHILD PROTECTION ISSUES**\n\n**1.** **Access to asylum, reception and transit conditions.** All countries neighbouring South\n\nSudan have opened their borders and granted access to asylum to persons fleeing violence\non a _prima facie basis_ . South Sudan has equally opened its borders to Sudanese on the\nsame grounds. However, restrictions and lack of regular access of humanitarian actors to\nborder crossing points in some countries, have put refugee boys and girls at increased risk\nof violence, exploitation, recruitment into armed groups and family separation. Reception\ncentres and transit facilities for refugees are often overcrowded, resulting in poor living\nconditions and additional stress on children and caregivers. With delays in transfers to the\nrefugee settlements, some children have remained for months in transit locations without\nadequate care and protection.\n\n\n**2.** **Family separation.** Over 34,000 children have been registered as unaccompanied or\n\nseparated from their parents. Countries are strengthening systems for tracing, reunification,\nand alternative care arrangements in the best interests of children, and a regional initiative is\nbeing advanced to support tracing efforts. Nevertheless, better developed procedures to\nensure effective cross-border tracing and reestablishment of family contact for refugee\nchildren are still needed. Particular attention must be paid to the application of the Best\nInterest procedure in light of children\u2019s rights to refugee protection, safety and security, as\nwell as family unity.\n\n\n**3.** **Sexual and gender based violence (SGBV).** SGBV was mentioned repeatedly during the\n\nrevision of the Regional Child Protection Framework conducted by the Regional Child\nProtection Network in May and June 2015. Conflict-related sexual violence has been reported\nin South Sudan. Girls in particular are at risk of sexual violence, child marriage and early\npregnancy\u2013 including by abduction in South Sudan. The displacement and family separation\nduring flight has exacerbated risk factors for SGBV in countries of asylum. Sexual exploitation\nin countries of asylum, including survival sex is also a key concern.\n\n\n**4.** **Access to safe education.** Education \u2013 including non-formal education \u2013 is a key strategy\n\nto protect girls and boys, strengthen resilience, and heal psychosocial distress. Nevertheless,\ngiven the huge influx of school-aged refugee children in South Sudan\u2019s neighbouring\ncountries as well as within South Sudan for Sudanese refugees, education services are\ncurrently very strained. Violence in school, including corporal punishment, was also reported\nas an issue of concern.\n\n\n**5.** **Child labour and exploitation.** Refugee girls and boys are subjected to the worst forms of\n\nchild labour, including child trafficking and hazardous work. Child labour has been a common\nfeature for South Sudanese and Sudanese refugee children in neighbouring countries, with\ndifferent types of labour affecting refugee boys (e.g. cattle herding) and girls (e.g. domestic\nlabour). Refugee children outside of parental care, especially separated and unaccompanied\nchildren, are more at risk of exploitation. Children in host communities around refugee\nsettlement and camp areas are also subjected to exploitation and child labour, with refugee\nareas and markets within them acting as a pull factor for children from host communities to\naccess jobs and food.\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6.** **Barriers to access birth registration.** Ensuring full access to birth registration remains a\n\nchallenge. In all countries of asylum, refugee children receive birth notifications. However,\neven when provisions for birth registration for refugees are envisioned in the national policies\nof asylum countries, many Sudanese and South Sudanese new-born refugee children do not\nreceive birth certificates due to lack of civil registration services in the region and the lack of\nawareness of the importance of birth registration among the refugee population. Birth\nregistration is more than a right, it is the means for the legal recognition of the child\u2019s\nexistence. With no proof of age and identity, children may be deprived of access to a whole\nrange of rights including education, and health care, and may lack the most basic protection\nagainst abuse, exploitation and discrimination.\n\n\n**7.** **Children associated with armed forces and groups.** The civilian character of asylum has\n\nbeen compromised in some locations and has led to reported cases of recruitment of refugee\nchildren by armed actors. In South Sudan, UNICEF reports that over 12,000 children have\nbeen recruited into armed groups, and some of these children may now be in countries of\nasylum. These children require specific strategies to be identified, linked to services and\nreferred to specialized protection services.\n\n\n**8.** **Psychosocial distress.** The witnessing of killings, destruction of homes, and loss of family\n\nseverely affects refugee children\u2019s psychosocial wellbeing and mental health. Some refugee\nchildren reported a sense of insecurity in refugee camps, based largely on incidents that took\nplace in their countries of origin \u2013 and not in their areas of refuge. This is indicative of the\nongoing level of distress some have due to their experiences in their country of origin.\nAdditionally, difficulties in accessing food, water, education, livelihoods, recreation, and other\nbasic services on a daily basis in refugee camps and settlements further exacerbate the level\nof stress amongst children and caregivers.\n\n\n**9.** **Lack of opportunities for adolescents and youth.** Children and youth represent over 75%\n\nof refugees. Conflict has uprooted thousands of adolescents and youth people from their\nplaces of origin at a critical time in their lives, disrupting their education and curtailing their\nopportunities to have a self-sufficient and prosperous life. Adolescents and youth have often\nbeen mobilized to actively participate in the conflict, exposing them to violence and trauma.\nInvesting in adolescents and youth can bring incalculable dividends not only for this\npopulation, but for the communities they belong to, and for the built-up of sustainable peace\nand the promotion of social reconciliation.\n\n\n**10. Longer-term solutions for children.** As the fighting in the border region of Sudan has\n\nentered its fourth year, and the South Sudan conflict is to complete its second year, it is\nimperative to emphasize longer term solutions for children, including seeking durable\nsolutions where they are determined to be in a child\u2019s best interest. That should include\nensuring refugee children benefit from national child protection systems, the promotion of\npolicies and frameworks that contribute to the expansion of opportunities for children, and\nthe peaceful coexistence among host and refugee communities.\n\n\n4 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 1: Refugees and host communities key protection concerns for children \u2013** Source: _Regional_\n_Review of the Child Protection Response for South Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee Children_, September\n2015 [2]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 2: Refugee and host communities key protection concerns for children\u2013** Source: _Regional_\n_Review of the Child Protection Response for South Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee Children_, September\n2015 [3]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 The _Regional Review of the Child Protection Response for the South Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee_\n_Children\u201d,_ September 2015, was prepared by the Regional Child Protection Network, based on the\ninteragency missions conducted during May-July 2015.\n33 _Idem._\n\n\n\n5 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **III. STRATEGY**\n\n### **Goals**\n\nRefugee boys and girls face specific protection concerns both as children and as refugees.\nAdditionally, girls are vulnerable to differentiated gender-based risks. Refugee adolescents and\nyoung people also require special attention and support as they transition from childhood to\nadulthood, taking on additional responsibilities and growing towards independence. Child protection\nand youth programming is thus a central element of the overall Refugee Protection and Solutions\nStrategy for the Sudan and South Sudan emergencies, including refugees across all contexts,\nwhether in camps, settlements or urban centres.\n\n\nThis framework aims to enhance the protection of refugee children and youth from and in South\nSudan, through six strategic goals:\n\n\n**1.** All refugee girls and boys have been individually **registered and duly documented** with the\n\nrelevant authorities.\n\n\n**2.** Children, adolescents and youth have access to **opportunities to participate** in decisions\n\nthat affect their lives and to **age appropriate procedures** .\n\n\n**3.** Refugee girls and boys are **protected from violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation** at\n\nhome, in the community, and when receiving services, and they are empowered to contribute\nto their own protection.\n\n\n**4.** Refugee girls and boys with **specific needs** are identified and prioritized, and receive\n\nongoing, appropriate and targeted support.\n\n\n**5.** The protection and wellbeing of refugee girls and boys is enhanced through **education** .\n\n\n**6.** Refugee girls and boys are protected through **national child protection systems**, and\n\nthrough the expansion of opportunities for longer-term solutions.\n\n\nThe updated Regional Child Protection Framework keeps the same five components as in the\nprevious version, but also incorporates a sixth goal that focuses on child protection systems and on\nsolutions. The sixth goal introduces longer-term and more sustainable approaches. It represents a\nshift away from pure emergency response. In regards to the specific changes within each of the\nfive goals, the Updated Regional Child Protection Framework:\n\n\n**a.** Places further emphasis on _birth registration_, including on the importance of procedures for\n\nlate registration and registration of children born outside health facilities.\n**b.** Enhances the role of _child, adolescent and youth participation and for child-friendly_\n\n_procedures_ including specific references to procedures for children in contact with the law.\n**c.** Stresses the importance of _community-based protection_, and initiatives based on\n\ncommunity dialogue to address sexual and gender-based violence and other harmful\npractices.\n**d.** Includes more targeted _adolescent and youth_ programming\n**e.** Emphasizes the importance of strengthening _case management,_ and the response to\n\ncases of _sexual and gender-based violence_ and _for children with disabilities._\n**f.** Highlights the obligation of monitoring and reporting _grave violations against children_ in\n\nrefugee contexts, under the Security Council 1612 Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism\n(MRM) established for Sudan and South Sudan.\n\n\n6 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**g.** Narrows and prioritizes the interventions focusing on the linkages between _education and_\n\n_child protection,_ anticipating the forthcoming Regional Education Framework for Sudanese\nand South Sudanese Children.\n\n\nRecognizing the importance of setting up regional strategic and operational priorities, UNHCR and\nchild protection actors have agreed to work on a specific priority area for each of the six goals, and\nhave set up specific targets for the six priorities. These are highlighted at the end of the section for\neach goal below. Specific key actions and indicators are presented in Annex I.\n\n### **Key Approaches**\n\n\n_Child protection systems strengthening_ is the cornerstone of the protection response for children. All\nservices should link to, and where possible strengthen existing protection services for children in the\ncountry of asylum, building upon national and community-level protection capacities. In this context,\nthe Child Protection Regional Framework recognizes the following key approaches:\n\n\n - **Knowledge, data, and evidence-based approach:** Monitoring and reporting objective\ninformation on vulnerabilities and risks, violations of children\u2019s rights, and programme\nactivities, should systematically inform the child protection response. Information on grave\nviolations should feed into the MRM for South Sudan and Sudan.\n\n\n - **Legal and policy framework:** It is imperative to have an adequate legal and policy\nframework that ensures protection in all public and private spheres, and full access to basic\nrights by all refugee children and due mechanisms for enforcement.\n\n\n - **Community participation:** The meaningful, safe participation of refugees of all ages,\nincluding children, adolescents and youth, as well as the adults that care for them is\nintegrated at all stages of programme cycle management for child protection work. The\nparticipation of girls and women needs to be promoted and supported.\n\n - **Protection of marginalized children:** Active outreach must be prioritized to include girls\nand boys who may be marginalized or excluded, such as those with disabilities or survivors\nof violence. All actions for children at risk and their families and caregivers build on individual\nand community capacities and aim at strengthening resilience.\n\n - **Mainstreaming child protection in all humanitarian work** : Based on an analysis of the\nrisks and needs of children, specific measures and safeguards are developed for\nhumanitarian interventions to ensure safe and equal access to services by all children. Childfriendly feedback and complaints mechanisms are prioritized, and particular consideration is\ngiven to children with specific needs, such as separated and unaccompanied children and\nchildren with disabilities.\n\n - **Advocacy and awareness:** An increase in the visibility and awareness of the protection\nthreats for refugee children is essential to prompting concerted action from families,\ncommunities, service providers, governments and the international community at large.\nAdvocacy and awareness efforts will incorporate children\u2019s views and self-identified needs at\nthe heart of the decision-making. Interventions in these areas should also be guided on\nevidence and be results oriented.\n\n - **Partnership and coordination:** Strong partnerships are the foundation of an effective\nresponse to refugee children\u2019s needs. Constructive collaboration must be supported among\nthe host government, UNHCR, UNICEF and national and international NGOs, as well as with\nthe refugees and host communities themselves. This requires proactive and productive\ncoordination with all actors in the humanitarian response at local, national and regional level.\n\n\n7 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee girls and boys have access to _child-friendly registration procedures_ that ensure individual\nregistration and identification of their specific needs, thus supporting their access to relevant\nservices. This includes the _full identification_ of all unaccompanied and separated children, as well as\nother children with specific needs. All operations have a _complete profile_ of children with specific\nneeds.\n\nProtection of girls and boys is enhanced by the _issuance of recognized documentation_ including birth\ncertificates, identity documents and other documents recognized by the relevant authorities. A\nsystem is in place for the provision of birth certificates for children born within and outside health\nfacilities and for late birth registration. All refugee children can access education and all essential\nservices with or without documentation.\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n\n - Refugee girls and boys are **registered** individually, including accurate and up to date\ninformation on their specific needs\n\n - Refugee girls and boys are **registered** by relevant national authorities **at birth and receive**\n**birth certificates**\n\n### **Key interventions include:**\n\n\nI. Setting up mechanisms at the registration points, including child protection desks, to\nidentify, screen, prioritize and refer children with specific needs.\nII. Training registration personnel on identifying, screening, prioritizing, registering, and\nreferring girls and boys, with special attention to children with specific needs.\nIII. Ensuring a systematic feedback loop between UNHCR and partner organizations for\ndatabase information on children with specific needs.\nIV. Supporting access to birth registration for refugee girls and boys, by ensuring procedures are\nin place for new-borns and for late registrations.\nV. Raising awareness within the community on the importance of birth registration and on birth\nregistration procedures.\n\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n|PRIORITY 1:
BIRTH REGISTRATION|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|\n|Refugee girls and boys are
registered at birth|By June 2017, 75% of new-born children receive
birth certificates, through the strengthening of the
government system and the dissemination of
procedures for birth registration for new-born
children|\n\n\n8 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Goal 2: Children, adolescents and youth have access to opportunities**\n### **to participate in decisions that affect their lives and to age appropriate** **procedures**\n\nProcedures and decisions relating to children are _informed by their age, maturity, sex, ability and_\n_social and ethnic background and individual experience,_ and all children can _access age appropriate_\n_information about services_ . The _capacities_ of the personnel in regular contact with children _are built_\nto ensure they better understand children\u2019s needs and are able to communicate more effectively with\nchildren. Specific measures for children in contact with the law are pursued. Systematic mechanisms\nto elicit _children\u2019s feedback and participation_ are established; and due weight is given to the opinions\nexpressed by children.\n\nA _dolescents and youth are provided with opportunities to develop their full potential_ and agency\nthrough targeted programmes that promotes participation, resilience and self-empowerment.\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n\n - Children **understand the asylum, protection, and assistance** procedures available and\nare empowered to make informed decisions, provide feedback, and make suggestions within\nthese processes according to their evolving capacities.\n\n - Protection and assistance interventions **take into account the different needs** of girls and\nboys of all ages and abilities.\n\n - **Adolescents and youth are provided with opportunities to develop their full potential**,\nagency, critical thinking and emotional wellbeing.\n\n### **Key interventions include:**\n\n\nI. Providing child-friendly information about protection and assistance services.\nII. Establishing child-friendly procedures in key sectors, including child help desks to support\nchildren, and mechanisms that elicit children\u2019s feedback and that respond to this feedback.\nIII. Training personnel in regular contact with children on child protection and on communication\nskills with children.\nIV. Ensuring children have access to legal procedures, and promoting child-sensitive legal\nprocedures for children in contact with the justice system.\nV. Conducting participatory assessments that consult children, adolescents, young people and\ncaregivers, including girls and women, and ensuring that services respond to assessment\ninformation.\nVI. Establishing programmes for adolescent girls and boys and youth to promote peace and\nmitigate conflict, and to uphold participation, agency, resilience, and self-reliance, with host\ncommunity participation when possible.\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n|PRIORITY 2:
ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|\n|Adolescents and youth are provided with
opportunities to develop their full potential
and agency, their critical thinking, and
emotional wellbeing|By June 2017, 30% of adolescents and youth are
engaged in meaningful activities, through the
implementation of programmes that promotes
participation, resilience and self-empowerment|\n\n\n9 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Goal 3: Refugee girls and boys are protected from violence, abuse,**\n### **neglect and exploitation at home, in the community and when receiving** **services, and are empowered to contribute to their own protection**\n\nProactive programming is in place to prevent violence against girls and boys, through\ncommunication, advocacy and targeted risk reduction measures. _Community-based structures_ are\ninvolved in the identification, referral and support of girls and boys with specific needs, and in the\nprovision of basic _psychosocial support_ . Children, families and communities are actively _engaged in_\n_community-based dialogue_ on how to put an end to harmful practices, with particular attention to\nsexual and gender-based violence, including child marriage. Children and youth have _opportunities_\n_to socialize and play._\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n - **Girls and boys are safe in homes and in the community** thanks to the engagement of the\ncommunity in child protection.\n\n - Girls and boys have **opportunities and safe spaces to gather, socialize, play** and receive\npsychosocial support.\n\n### **Key interventions include:**\n\nI. Identifying and supporting community-based child protection and peer-to-peer mechanisms\nfor prevention and response to abuse, neglect, exploitation of and violence against children.\nII. Conducting awareness raising and mobilization campaigns through community dialogue and\nbehaviour change initiatives against harmful practices, with particular attention to SGBV,\nchild marriage and child labour.\nIII. Establishing or strengthening child-friendly spaces with a specific effort to reach out to the\nmost marginalized children, and providing other opportunities for girls and boys to engage in\nplay, social learning and recreational activities\nIV. Providing resilience and psychosocial support programmes for girls and boys, parents and\ncaregivers.\n\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|PRIORITY 3:
COMMUNITY BASED PROTECTION|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|---|\n||Girls and boys are safe and protected in
their homes and in the community thanks
to the engagement of the community in
child protection|By June 2017, children\u2019s access to community-based
protection mechanisms has improved 50%, through
the activation and strengthening of community based
child protection committees, groups or structures4|\n\n\n\n4 Progress towards the target will be set according to the baseline collected in the _\u201cRegional Review of the_\n_Child Protection Response for the South Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee Children\u201d,_ September 2015.\nAccording to the report, the average number of children per child protection committee is 2,204 (607 in\nUganda, 612 in Kenya, 2,244 in South Sudan, 2,667 in Ethiopia).\n\n\n\n10 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Goal 4: Refugee girls and boys with specific needs are identified,**\n### **prioritized and receive on-going, appropriate and targeted support**\n\nGirls and boys with specific needs are identified and assessed, and their situation is monitored\nregularly. They and their families and caregivers participate in _appropriate programmes_ that aim to\nstrengthen their resilience, including through effective child protection case management systems\nwhich are linked to other systems such as registration. Adequate prioritization of cases is carried out\nas part of case management, and the capacities and management of the child protection workforce\nenhanced. The _Best Interests procedure_ is established as the overarching framework for case\nmanagement for children with specific needs, ensuring that the best interests of the child guide all\ndecisions regarding individual children. National child protection authorities are involved in these\nprocedures wherever possible.\n\n_Unaccompanied and separated children_ (UASC) are identified and supported through the provision\nof appropriate alternative care arrangements and family tracing and reunification services within the\ncontext of durable solutions . The regional protocol is operationalized to support on-going crossborder tracing efforts of UASC.\n\n_Girls and boys who are at risk or have experienced SGBV_ access safe, confidential and timely\nresponse services, and advocacy and follow up are done for the legal prosecution of such cases.\n_Children with disabilities_ are identified and provided with adequate multi-sectoral support.\n\n_Grave violations against children_ are monitored and reported, information is contributed to the South\nSudan and Sudan MRM, and measures are put in place to respond to the needs of affected children.\nSensitive and confidential mechanisms to identify and support girls and boys associated with armed\nforces and armed groups are in place, ensuring as much as possible that they are linked to existing\nservices. Where possible this should include the use of MRM information for early warning, program\ndesign, and identification of specific children for care and support services.\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n\n - Girls and boys with specific needs have multiple and on-going opportunities to be identified\nand to receive appropriate, timely interventions through the effective implementation of **case**\n**management** within the framework of the Best Interest procedure.\n\n - **Unaccompanied and separated children** are in safe, appropriate alternative care\narrangements, and access family tracing and reunification services to re-establish contact\nwith family members when in the child\u2019s best interest.\n\n - Girls and boys who have experienced or are at risk of **sexual and gender-based violence**\naccess timely, age-appropriate, and confidential prevention and response services.\n\n - **Grave violations** **against children** perpetrated by parties to conflict are monitored and\nreported, and information is contributed to the South Sudan and Sudan MRM as established\nby the Security Council, to support efforts to trigger advocacy actions and accountability\nmeasures that end and prevent these violations.\n\n - **Children and youth with disabilities** are supported to access services and reach their\npotential.\n\n\n11 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MRM information", - "confidence": 0.9939008951187134, - "start": 330, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Key interventions include:**\n\nI. Setting up an effective, timely case management system for children at risk using the Best\nInterests procedure, with an emphasis on case prioritization and workforce development.\nII. Building the capacity of community workers on case management, referral mechanisms and\npsychosocial support for children.\nIII. Developing procedures to support UASC including through in-country and cross-border\ntracing, reunification, the re-establishment of contact among family members, and through\nboth short and longer-term alternative care.\nIV. Implementing multi-sectoral programmes with child sensitive referral pathways and\nspecialized services to address the needs of SGBV survivors, and following up on legal\nprosecution of such cases when possible.\nV. Monitoring and reporting on grave violations of children\u2019s rights by armed groups or armed\nforces to the MRM Task Force, and ensuring the identification and provision of reintegration\nservices to children formerly associated with armed groups or forces.\nVI. Ensuring the identification of children with disabilities, provision of multi-sectoral support, and\npromotion of their participation in child protection activities and programmes.\n\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|PRIORITY 4:
CASE MANAGEMENT|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|---|\n||Girls and boys with specific needs are
identified and receive appropriate, timely,
preventive and responsive interventions,
using an effective case management
system|By June 2017, 100% of girls and boys at risk receive
appropriate timely services based on the Best
Interests procedure, through appropriate registration
and through the strengthening of the child protection
workforce management and capacities|\n\n\n12 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Goal 5: The protection and wellbeing of refugee girls and boys is**\n### **enhanced through education**\n\nChild protection concerns are considered in the design, delivery, monitoring and evaluation of formal\nand non-formal education programmes, and e _ducation services act as a referral point and delivery_\n_mechanism for psychosocial and protection services_ . Girls and boys of all ages, abilities, ethnicities\nand backgrounds, including children with specific needs, are able to access _quality education_\n_opportunities_ _in protective environments_, under the national education system. Child protection\nactors support children to access and to remain in education.\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n\n - Schools and other education facilities act as referral points and **delivery mechanisms for**\n**psychosocial and protection services** .\n\n - Girls and boys, including those with specific needs, access **appropriate formal and non-**\n**formal education opportunities** in **safe learning environments** .\n\n - **Self-protection skills** of girls and boys are enhanced through education.\n\n### **Key interventions include:**\n\n\nI. Setting up coordination systems between child protection and education actors, including the\nestablishment of complaint, reporting and referral mechanisms for children at risk or\nexperiencing violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation within schools.\nII. Establishing safe, supportive, and confidential complaint, reporting and referral mechanisms\nfor children at risk or experiencing abuse.\nIII. Training teachers on identification, referral and psychosocial support for children at risk, and\nmonitoring the teachers\u2019 code of conduct, including preventing sexual exploitation and abuse.\nIV. Monitoring access to education (formal, non-formal or vocational) for children with specific\nneeds, including: children with disabilities, working children, child spouses and child mothers.\nV. Providing life-skills and self-protection messaging through schools, including on SGBV, child\nmarriage, and child labour\n\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n|PRIORITY 5:
CHILD PROTECTION IN
EDUCATION|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|\n|Girls and boys in the school system with
specific needs are identified, referred and
supported, using functional referral
mechanisms at the schools|By June 2017, 90% of schools have functional
reporting and referral mechanisms at the school that
identify, refer and support children at risk to child
protection services|\n\n\n13 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Goal 6: Refugee children are protected through strong national child**\n### **protection systems, the promotion of social coexistence, and the** **expansion of opportunities for longer term solutions**\n\n_Policies and frameworks governing durable solutions_ for refugees take into consideration the specific\nneeds of children; the best interests of the child guide all decisions concerning children, using the\nBest Interest procedure (see Objective 4). _Child protection systems are strengthened_ in the countries\nof asylum, are accessible for refugee children, and contribute to the expansion of opportunities for\ngirls and boys. Services offered to refugee children _are inclusive and benefit children and members_\n_of host communities_ to the extent possible _._ Initiatives that promote participation and coexistence\nbetween both communities are strengthened. _Resettlement policies_ take into consideration the\nneeds, vulnerability and bests interests of children, with particular attention to unaccompanied and\norphaned children _._\n\n### **Key outcomes:**\n\n\n - **National and local child protection systems** provide a strengthened protective\nenvironment with increased access to basic child protection services to refugee children.\n\n - Child protection programmes and systems for refugees are **inclusive and promote co-**\n**existence** among host and refugee children and their communities\n\n - **Resettlement policies** and possible **programmes to support return** take into consideration\nthe needs, vulnerability and best interest of the children.\n\n### **Key interventions include:**\n\n\nI. Promote policy reforms to ensure refugee children have full access to national child\nprotection systems and to basic prevention and response services within their country of\nasylum.\nII. Enhance coordination between government departments responsible for refugees and social\nwelfare, as well as with other relevant government and non-government child protection\u2019s\nactors.\nIII. Build the capacity of government authorities to provide child protection services to refugee\nchildren.\nIV. Ensure that child protection programmes for refugees are inclusive and benefit the host\ncommunity to the extent possible.\nV. Promote resettlement admission criteria and ensure potential return policies are sensitive to\nthe needs and special vulnerability of children.\n\n### **Regional strategic priority and target:**\n\n\n\n\n\n|PRIORITY 6:
NATIONAL CHILD PROTECTION
SERVICES|STRATEGIC TARGET|\n|---|---|\n|Refugee girls and boys have non-
discriminatory access to national child
protection and social services|By June 2017, 100% of refugee girls and boys have
access to national child protection and social
services|\n\n\n14 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **IV. COORDINATION IMPLEMENTATION AND** **MONITORING**\n\n### **At Regional Level**\n\nUNHCR will continue to convene actors at the regional level though the Regional Child Protection\nNetwork, to provide operational support to countries in the implementation of the updated Regional\nChild Protection Framework and to coordinate cross-border and regional initiatives. The Regional\nChild Protection Network is chaired by UNHCR, and is compromised by the Lutheran World\nFederation, Plan International, Save the Children, UNICEF, and World Vision. ICRC and Kenya Red\nCross participate as observers. Membership\u2019s revision with the view of expanding participation will\nbe considered at any time members consider appropriate.\n\n\nThe key functions of the Regional Child Protection Network are:\n\n\n - To maintain a regional overview of and support information generation and analysis of the\nchild protection situation.\n\n - To clarify child protection policies and procedures, and to share tools, and lessons learned\nacross the sub-region that can support countries on implementation.\n\n - To promote and implement regional capacity building initiatives as part of a strategy to build\na core cadre of child protection staff across agencies, including providing standardized\ntraining materials and cascade trainings when appropriate.\n\n - To support the smooth functioning of interventions with a cross-border dimension, including\nfamily tracing and reunification for refugee children and families.\n\n - To facilitate the coordination with other mechanisms, such as relevant cluster coordination\nbodies in South Sudan, and other sectoral working groups at the national or regional level.\n\n - In consultation with countries, to provide a monitoring and evaluation framework, including\nagreed indicators and data collection methods, with particular emphasis on regional strategic\npriorities.\n\n - To keep a wide range of stakeholders, including donors, informed of the child protection\nresponse, and to mobilize resources with emphasis on the regional strategic priorities.\n\n### **At Country Level**\n\nIn-country, UNHCR and child protection actors will be at the forefront of the response. Specific child\nprotection coordination groups for the refugee response will continue to operate under the broader\nrefugee protection coordination mechanisms established, chaired by UNHCR and national\nauthorities, and with support from other child protection agencies. Linkages with non-refugee child\nprotection or other relevant working groups will be in place.\n\nCountry-level refugee child protection coordination groups assume the following responsibilities:\n\n\n - To develop, finalize or update context specific plans of action based on this framework, and\nto monitor and report progress periodically. The revision of existing strategies and action\nplans should aim at enhancing clear distribution of responsibilities among child protection\nactors.\n\n\n15 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- To ensure follow up, monitoring and oversight of child protection programmes, ensuring\nharmonization of standards and efficient management of human resources across the\ndifferent child protection partners.\n\n- To coordinate the development and endorsement of standard operation procedures, policies,\nframeworks and policies as appropriate.\n\n- To develop specific plans for capacity building, with emphasis on enhancing the performance\nand management of the child protection workforce.\n\n- To improve the coordination with the education and SGBV sectors, including with the\nagreement of joined strategic outcomes and actions.\n\n- To strengthen the linkages of the refugee response with national and regional child protection\nnational systems.\n\n- To develop community based participation and behaviour change communication awareness\nraising initiatives.\n\n- To conduct join advocacy to address gaps in child protection, including inadequate funding\nfor child protection.\n\n\n16 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ANNEX 1: REGIONAL STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND TARGETS**\n\n\n\n|Regional Strategic Priorities|Key Actions|Regional Strategic
Indicators|Regional Strategic
Targets|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**PRIORITY 1:**
**BIRTH REGISTRATION**

**Refugee girls and boys are**
**registered at birth**|1.1. Support host government to ensure refugees can access civil
registration services and receive birth certificates, and that
procedures are in place for late registration
|# of refugee children under
12 months who receive
birth certificates from
national authorities / total #
of refugee children under
12 months|By June 2017, 75% of new-
born refugee children
receive birth certificates,
through the strengthening of
the government system and
the dissemination of
procedures for birth
registration for new-born
children|\n|**PRIORITY 1:**
**BIRTH REGISTRATION**

**Refugee girls and boys are**
**registered at birth**|1.2. Conduct information campaigns on the importance of registering
new-born children with UNHCR and government authorities|1.2. Conduct information campaigns on the importance of registering
new-born children with UNHCR and government authorities|1.2. Conduct information campaigns on the importance of registering
new-born children with UNHCR and government authorities|\n|
**PRIORITY 2:**
**ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH**

**Adolescents and youth are**
**provided with opportunities to**
**develop their full potential and**
**agency, their critical thinking, and**
**their emotional wellbeing**
|2.1. Develop targeted programmes that promote adolescent and
youth participation, resilience, self-empowerment, leadership, and
peaceful coexistence, with the engagement of youth from refugee
and host community
|
# of adolescents (aged 13-
24) and youth (18-24)
participating in targeted
activities /total number of
adolescents and youth
(aged 13-24)|
By June 2017, 30% of
adolescents and youth are
engaged in meaningful
activities, through the
implementation of
programmes that promotes
participation, resilience and
self-empowerment|\n|
**PRIORITY 2:**
**ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH**

**Adolescents and youth are**
**provided with opportunities to**
**develop their full potential and**
**agency, their critical thinking, and**
**their emotional wellbeing**
|2.2. Provision of opportunities for vocational training, dignified
livelihoods, and employment opportunities for adolescents and youth
|2.2. Provision of opportunities for vocational training, dignified
livelihoods, and employment opportunities for adolescents and youth
|2.2. Provision of opportunities for vocational training, dignified
livelihoods, and employment opportunities for adolescents and youth
|\n|
**PRIORITY 3:**
**COMMUNITY BASED**
**PROTECTION**

**Girls and boys are safe and**
**protected in their homes**
**and in the community,**
** thanks to the engagement of the**
**community in child protection**
|3.1. Strengthen community based protection mechanisms for
prevention and identification of girls and boys with specific needs|# of children\u2019s committees,
groups and structures that
are operational /# of
refugee children

|
By June 2017, children\u2019s
access to community-based
protection mechanisms has
improved 50%, through the
activation and strengthening
of community-based child
protection committees,
groups or structures|\n|
**PRIORITY 3:**
**COMMUNITY BASED**
**PROTECTION**

**Girls and boys are safe and**
**protected in their homes**
**and in the community,**
** thanks to the engagement of the**
**community in child protection**
|3.2. Promote the participation of these mechanisms in refugee
coordination structures
|3.2. Promote the participation of these mechanisms in refugee
coordination structures
|3.2. Promote the participation of these mechanisms in refugee
coordination structures
|\n|
**PRIORITY 3:**
**COMMUNITY BASED**
**PROTECTION**

**Girls and boys are safe and**
**protected in their homes**
**and in the community,**
** thanks to the engagement of the**
**community in child protection**
|3.3. Support peer-to peer mechanism for girls and boys to enable
further engagement of children in the prevention and identification of
child protection concerns and children at risk|3.3. Support peer-to peer mechanism for girls and boys to enable
further engagement of children in the prevention and identification of
child protection concerns and children at risk|3.3. Support peer-to peer mechanism for girls and boys to enable
further engagement of children in the prevention and identification of
child protection concerns and children at risk|\n\n\n17 | P a g e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|PRIORITY 4:
CASE MANAGEMENT
Girls and boys with specific needs
are identified and receive
appropriate, timely, preventive and
responsive interventions, using an
effective case management system|4.1. Establish child protection desks at the registration points to
identify, screen, and prioritize children with specific needs, using the
best interest assessment (BIA) tool|# of best interest
assessment conducted/ #
of children with specific
needs identified
# of children with specific
needs receiving a timely,
appropriate support
services / # of children with
specific needs identified|100% of girls and boys at
risk receive appropriate
timely services based on the
Best Interest procedure,
through appropriate
registration and through the
strengthening of the child
protection workforce
management and capacities|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
**PRIORITY 4:**
**CASE MANAGEMENT**

**Girls and boys with specific needs**
**are identified and receive**
**appropriate, timely, preventive and**
**responsive interventions, using an**
**effective case management system**|4.2. Develop and/ or strengthen a case management system with an
emphasis on case prioritization and workforce development|4.2. Develop and/ or strengthen a case management system with an
emphasis on case prioritization and workforce development|4.2. Develop and/ or strengthen a case management system with an
emphasis on case prioritization and workforce development|\n|
**PRIORITY 4:**
**CASE MANAGEMENT**

**Girls and boys with specific needs**
**are identified and receive**
**appropriate, timely, preventive and**
**responsive interventions, using an**
**effective case management system**|4.3. Establish mechanisms and training child protection staff on best
interests\u2019 procedure according to UNHCR Best Interest
Determination Guidelines
|4.3. Establish mechanisms and training child protection staff on best
interests\u2019 procedure according to UNHCR Best Interest
Determination Guidelines
|4.3. Establish mechanisms and training child protection staff on best
interests\u2019 procedure according to UNHCR Best Interest
Determination Guidelines
|\n|
**PRIORITY 4:**
**CASE MANAGEMENT**

**Girls and boys with specific needs**
**are identified and receive**
**appropriate, timely, preventive and**
**responsive interventions, using an**
**effective case management system**|4.4. Develop and widely disseminate referral pathways and standard
operating procedures (SOPs)
|4.4. Develop and widely disseminate referral pathways and standard
operating procedures (SOPs)
|4.4. Develop and widely disseminate referral pathways and standard
operating procedures (SOPs)
|\n|
**PRIORITY 5:**
**CHILD PROTECTION IN**
**EDUCATION**

**Girls and boys in the school**
**system with specific needs are**
**identified, referred and supported,**
**using functional referral**
**mechanisms at the schools**
|5.1. Set up coordination systems between child protection and
education actors, including the identification of child protection focal
points within each school, as well as community workers that follow
up on child protection issues within the education system
|
#of schools with functional
referral mechanisms/ # of
schools

|
90% of schools have
functional reporting and
referral mechanisms at the
school that identify, refer and
support children at risk to
child protection services|\n|
**PRIORITY 5:**
**CHILD PROTECTION IN**
**EDUCATION**

**Girls and boys in the school**
**system with specific needs are**
**identified, referred and supported,**
**using functional referral**
**mechanisms at the schools**
|5.2. Establish safe, supportive and confidential child-friendly
complaint, reporting and referral mechanisms for children at risk
|5.2. Establish safe, supportive and confidential child-friendly
complaint, reporting and referral mechanisms for children at risk
|5.2. Establish safe, supportive and confidential child-friendly
complaint, reporting and referral mechanisms for children at risk
|\n|
**PRIORITY 5:**
**CHILD PROTECTION IN**
**EDUCATION**

**Girls and boys in the school**
**system with specific needs are**
**identified, referred and supported,**
**using functional referral**
**mechanisms at the schools**
|5.3. Train teachers and school personnel on identification, referral
and psychosocial support for children at risk or experiencing abuse
|5.3. Train teachers and school personnel on identification, referral
and psychosocial support for children at risk or experiencing abuse
|5.3. Train teachers and school personnel on identification, referral
and psychosocial support for children at risk or experiencing abuse
|\n|
**PRIORITY 6: NATIONAL**
**CHILD PROTECTION**
**SYSTEMS**

**Refugee girls and boys have non-**
**discriminatory access to national**
**child protection and social**
**services**
|6.1. Promote policy reforms to ensure refugee girls and boys have
full access to national child protection systems and to basic services
within the country of asylum|# of refugee children that
have access to national
child protection and social
services/ # number of
children

# of protection and social
services accessible by
refugee children/ # number
of protection and social
services|
100% of refugee girls and
boys have access to national
child protection and social
services
|\n|
**PRIORITY 6: NATIONAL**
**CHILD PROTECTION**
**SYSTEMS**

**Refugee girls and boys have non-**
**discriminatory access to national**
**child protection and social**
**services**
|
6.2. Enhance coordination between government bodies responsible
for the refugee response and child protection, social welfare and
other relevant government structures|
6.2. Enhance coordination between government bodies responsible
for the refugee response and child protection, social welfare and
other relevant government structures|
6.2. Enhance coordination between government bodies responsible
for the refugee response and child protection, social welfare and
other relevant government structures|\n\n\n18 | P a g e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ANNEX 2: LINKAGES BETWEEN REGIONAL CHILD PROTECTION FRAMEWORK, UNHCR** **GLOBAL CHILD PROTECTION AND EDUCATION STRATEGIES, AND GLOBAL** **STRATEGIC PRIORITIES**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Updated Regional Framework for the Protection of South
Sudanese and Sudanese Refugee Children|UNHCR Global Child Protection Framework 5 and
Education6 Strategy|UNHCR Global Strategic Priorities7|\n|---|---|---|\n|Goal 1: All refugee girls and boys have been individually
registered and duly documented with the relevant authorities|Global Child Protection Framework Goal 4: Girls and boys
obtain legal documentation|Global Strategic Priority 2: Secure birth registration, profiling
and individual documentation based on registration|\n|Goal 2: Children, adolescents and youth have access to
opportunities to participate in decisions that affect their lives
and to age appropriate procedures

|Global Child Protection Framework Goal 3: Girls and boys
have access to child-friendly procedures and Goal 2:
Children\u2019s participation and capacity are integral to their
protection|Global Strategic Priority 6: Promoting active participation in
decision making of people of concern and building
coexistence with hosting communities|\n|Goal 3: Refugee girls and boys are protected from violence,
abuse, neglect and exploitation at home, in the community,
and when receiving services, and they are empowered to
contribute to their own protection|Global Child Protection Framework Goal 1: Girls and boys
are safe where they live, learn and play|Global Strategic Priority 3: Reducing protection risks faced by
people of concern, in particular, discrimination, sexual and
gender- based violence and specific risks faced by children|\n|Goal 4: Refugee girls and boys with specific needs are
identified and prioritized, and receive ongoing, appropriate
and targeted support|Global Child Protection Framework Goal 5: Girls and boys
with specific needs receive targeted support|Global Strategic Priority 3: Reducing protection risks faced by
people of concern, in particular, discrimination, sexual and
gender- based violence and specific risks faced by children|\n|Goal 5:.The protection and wellbeing of refugee girls and
boys is enhanced through education
|Education Global Strategy Action 2: Schools will protect
children and young people|Global Strategic Priority 7: Promoting human potential
through increased opportunities for quality education and
livelihoods support|\n|Goal 6: Refugee girls and boys are protected through
national child protection systems, and through the expansion
of opportunities for longer-term solutions.
|Global Child Protection Framework Goal 6: Girls and boys
achieve durable solutions in their best interests|Global Strategic Priority 8: Expanding opportunities for
durable solutions for people of concern, particularly those in
protracted situations, including through strengthening the use
of comprehensive approaches and contributing to sustainable
reintegration, local settlement and successful resettlement in
third countries|\n\n\n\n5 UNHCR, A Framework for the Protection of Children, 2012.\n6 UNHCR Education Global Strategy (2012-2016).\n7 UNHCR Global Strategic Priorities (2016-2017).\n\n\n\n19 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "20 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d614c5fa-3e87-3c33-8166-02fb07183cfa/UpdatedCPRegionalFramework2015-2017_30.9.15_FINALFinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_741/raw/doc_741_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_741/raw/doc_741_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dc9c370304aeab038a76ee9e98e76055a536abb0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_741/raw/doc_741_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,401 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Vulnerability Assessment of** **Syrian Refugees (VASyR) in Lebanon**\n\nExecutive summary\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The assessment surveyed 4,105 HHs of Syrian refugees\nin Lebanon registered with UNHCR. Data collection took\nplace between the 27th May and 9th June 2015. The\npopulation was stratified by districts in order to ensure\ndata was representative at this geographical level.\n\n\nThe household questionnaire design was based on the\n2014 VASyR questionnaire to ensure comparability, and\nthe 2015 food and cash targeting questionnaire was\nused to obtain the information needed to apply the\ntargeting criteria. Qualitative information was gathered\nfrom six refugee discussion groups in each district to\nhelp understand aspects not captured with quantitative\nquestions.\n\n\nThe analysis for this report was carried out by three\n\nUnited Nations sister agencies: WFP contributed the\n\ndemography, livelihoods, expenditure, food\n\nconsumption, coping and debt, food sources, food\n\nsecurity, IYCF (Infant and Young Child Feeding) and\n\nfocus group discussion sections; UNHCR the specific\n\nneeds, surveyed refugees, protection, shelter, assets,\n\nhealth and assistance sections and UNICEF the WASH,\n\neducation and child health sections. While WFP and\n\nUNHCR analysed the data by regional and district level,\n\nUNICEF looked at governorate level (LCRP 2016 is\n\nplanned to target at governorate level).\n\n\n1\n\n\n## **Acknowledgements**\n\nFor the third year the Vulnerability assessment for Syrian refugees in Lebanon (VASyR-2015) was conducted jointly by\nthe World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations\nChildren\u2019s Fund (UNICEF).\n\n\nThe VASyR team in Lebanon would like to thank the international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) responsible\nfor the field data collection: Action contre la Faim, ACTED, Caritas, InterSOS, Mercy Corps, Danish Refugee Council,\nPremi\u00e8re Urgence - Aide M\u00e9dicale Internationale, SHEILD, Save the Children and World Vision International.\n\n\nThe team is also grateful to all actors who contributed to the questionnaire design, methodology and analysis plan.\nSpecial thanks to the 4105 refugee households as well as the focus group discussion participants who welcomed the\nsurvey team, answered questions and provided valuable information for this assessment.\n\n\n\neffective. Lebanon and the refugees it is hosting are in a\n\nvery delicate state. Well-informed decision-making is key\n\nto ensure the best use of limited resources.\n\n\nThe Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees\n\n(VASyR) conducted in Lebanon in 2013 and 2014\n\nprovided valuable insight into many aspects of the living\n\nconditions and vulnerability of Syrian refugees at\n\nregional and country levels. The results have been\n\nwidely used by the humanitarian community for\n\nplanning purposes and programme design.\n\n\nSignificant changes have been noted since VASyR 2014.\n\nOverall, the results indicate that refugees have become\n\nmore vulnerable since 2014. However, there are a few\n\npositive indications that some Syrian refugee families\n\nare adjusting to life in Lebanon. For instance, household\n\nsize has continued to shrink, likely indicating that\n\nextended families are now living in more nuclear family\n\nunits. Households are increasingly renting unfurnished\n\napartments and have acquired a few more essential\n\nitems, such as gas stoves. Nevertheless, refugees\n\ncannot legally access the Lebanese labour market and\n\nthe results indicate that refugees\u2019 savings are\n\nincreasingly exhausted, debts are mounting, and fewer\n\nare fulfilling the costly requirements to renew their legal\n\nstay in Lebanon. Families are increasingly forced to rely\n\non negative coping mechanisms to support themselves\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VASyR questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6318252682685852, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "household questionnaire design", - "confidence": 0.5705342292785645, - "start": 48, - "end": 51 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6344932913780212, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5123779773712158, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9311016798019409, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6789823770523071, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9467815160751343, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8363061547279358, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9074490666389465, - "start": 410, - "end": 415 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9192854166030884, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.705818772315979, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.947626531124115, - "start": 382, - "end": 383 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6682474613189697, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.6573716402053833, - "start": 354, - "end": 356 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.9431329965591431, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.980582058429718, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5441053509712219, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9798250794410706, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9469966292381287, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Almost 27% of HHs reported having at least one\nmember with special needs, a significant decrease from\n2014 (49%). Around 7% of HHs had at least one\nworking age member with a disability.\n\n\nAround 42,000 HHs had at least one pregnant or\nlactating woman and 5% of the 1,327 sampled girls\nbetween 12 years and less than 18 years were either\npregnant or lactating.\n\n## 2 Shelter\n\n\nWhile a high proportion of HHs reported living in\nindependent houses/apartments (58%), around 16% of\nHHs had difficulty paying rent and were forced to share\ntheir apartments with other families. Almost a quarter\n(24%) lived in buildings considered substandard and\n18% lived in informal settlements. Refugees were more\nlikely to rent unfurnished homes than in the previous\ntwo years (74% vs. 67% in 2014).\n\n\nThe average monthly rent has continued to fall from\n$246 in 2013 to $205 in 2014 to $164 in 2015. Rents\nwere highest in Beirut and Mount Lebanon ($237).\n\n\n_Around 16% of sampled HHs were_\n_deemed to be living in unacceptable_\n_and dangerous conditions._\n\n\n1 Substandard covers one room structures (16%), substandard shelters (6%) and unfinished buildings (2%)\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\nmain unimproved water sources were bottled water not\nfrom an improved source (14%) and water piped into\nhomes for less than two hours a day (12%). In BaalbekHermel 40% of HHs had water piped into their homes\nfor less than two hours a day. The rest (61%) enjoyed\n\u2018improved\u2019 drinking water supplies, mainly piped into\ntheir homes for more than two hours a day (22%),\nbottled mineral water (21%) or by drawing it from a\nprotected well (9%).\n\n\nSanitation has improved. Although one in 10 HHs did not\nhave access to any bathroom facilities, 80% of HHs had\naccess to flush toilets or improved pit latrines versus\n70% last year. Similarly, while in 2013 7% of\nhouseholds were forced to resort to open air defecation,\nthis figure has steadily declined, falling to 4% in 2014,\nand to only 1% this year. In 2015, the proportion of HHs\nsharing a latrine with 15 people or more was only 4%,\ndown from 9% in 2014 and 13% in 2014.\n\n## 4 Assets\n\n\nCompared with previous years, Syrian refugee HHs were\nmore likely to possess basic assets such as gas stoves,\nblankets, mattresses and winter clothing. Countrywide\nthe majority of HHs had basic kitchen utensils and water\ncontainers and, as in previous years, televisions and\nsatellite dishes. However, only one in 10 reported having\nenough beds and 15% had tables/chairs compared with\n24% for both last year. The regions with the lowest\nnumber of basic assets (mattress, blankets, winter\nclothes and gas stoves) were Akkar and the Bekaa, while\nHHs in Beirut and Mount Lebanon were better equipped\nin comparison.\n\n\n## **5 Education**\n\nJust over half (52%) of 6-14 year olds attended school,\n\nwith little difference between boys and girls. Bekaa had\n\nthe lowest attendance at 36% and a higher enrolment\n\nrate for boys than for girls. Primary drop-out rates were\n\nhigh, especially in Bekaa: nationally fewer than half\n\n(46%) who entered primary grade one reached grade\n\nsix. Nationally only 5% of 15-17 year olds attended\n\nsecondary school or higher, with Akkar reporting the\n\nlowest and Beirut and the North reporting the highest\n\nrates. Most HHs (over 71%) whose children were out\nof-school, had a monthly household income of less than\n\n$300.\n\n\nFor around half of 6-17 year old children not attending\n\nschool, the main reasons children could not attend were\n\nthe cost of education or because the children had to\n\nwork (48% of 6-14 year olds and 56% of 15-17 year\n\nolds).\n\n\n_Fewer than half of children who entered_\n_primary grade 1 reached grade 6._\n\n\n## 6 Health\n\nFree primary health care (PHC) was available for 12% of\nHHs. Free primary health care was most accessible in\nAkkar (29%), Tripoli (19%), and Bekaa (13%), and\nlowest in BML (4%). Cost sharing was the most\nprevalent type of primary (68%) and secondary (55%)\nhealth assistance, with cost sharing being the highest in\nBML (76% for PHC and 65% for SHC) and in the South\n(69% for PHC vs. 74% for SHC). Free secondary health\ncare was available for 6% of HHs. Around 31% of those\nreceiving secondary health care did not receive any\nsupport from humanitarian partners.\n\n\nIn total 15% of households reported having at least one\nHH member who required primary health assistance and\ncould not get it. The main reasons cited for not being\nable to access PHC were cost (46%), distance (13%)\nand rejection by the health facility (13%). Proportions\ndid not differ significantly between male and femaleheaded households. Around 31% reported that at least\none HH member required secondary health assistance,\nwhile 28% required it and could not get it (compared\nwith 11% in 2014), chiefly because of the high cost\n(78%).\n\n\n2 The reference is made at the time of survey (May 2015).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Health\n\nFree primary health care", - "confidence": 0.7412063479423523, - "start": 771, - "end": 776 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7984675765037537, - "start": 916, - "end": 917 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n\nBekaa.\n\n## 7 Protection\n\n\nOnly 6% of households who were interviewed reported\nexperiencing any kind of security issue in the previous\nthree months (7% in male and 3% in female-headed\nHH). Among those reporting any type of incident, verbal\nor physical harassment (69%) and community\nharassment (17%) were the most commonly reported.\n\n\nThe cited causes of insecurity were similar for male and\nfemale-headed households. Neighbours were most\nfrequently mentioned as a source of problems (58%).\nAlmost 78% of refugees reported that concerns about\nsafety reduced their freedom of movement.\n\n\nJust 28% of sampled HHs reported having residency\npermits for all household members. This is a significant\ndrop from 2014, when 58% of households reportedly\nhad residency permits for all members. Among all\nindividuals included in the survey, 41% did not have\nresidency permits. Furthermore, 20% of households did\nnot have residency permits for any members, consistent\nwith last year\u2019s findings (19%).\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nto cover the most basic survival needs (<$87 per\ncapital, also known as the survival minimum expenditure\nbasket (SMEB)). This is double the rate found in 2014.\nIn Zahle, nearly three out of four HH spent less than the\nSMEB. Nationally 69% (versus 43% in 2014) were below\nthe minimum expenditure basket, spending less than\n$114 per capita a month, in line with the 70% (versus\n49% in 2014) below the Lebanese extreme poverty line\n(proposed by the World Bank in 2013 and established at\n$3.84 per person per day). Almost one in three HHs\nspent more than $400 beyond their monthly income.\n\n## 9 Livelihoods\n\n\nThe restrictions on Syrian refugees\u2019 access to the\nLebanese labour market, which the Lebanese\ngovernment approved at the end of 2014, reduced\nSyrian livelihood opportunities and made it even harder\nfor refugees to cover their basic needs autonomously.\n\n\nNationally, unemployment rates among Syrians\nincreased by 7%, but by even more in Tripoli 5, Akkar\nand Bekaa. Overall a third of HHs had no members\nworking during the 30 days before the survey, compared\nwith 26% last year. Looking at districts, more than half\nof working age Syrians were unemployed in El Minieh\nDennie, followed by Akkar and West Bekaa.\n\n\n3 United Nations Development Programme and the Council for Development and Reconstruction (2014). Lebanon\n\n\nMillennium Development Goals Report 2013-2014.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9495501518249512, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5961549282073975, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zahle", - "confidence": 0.7634609341621399, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5767397284507751, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7697765827178955, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Lebanon\n\n\nMillennium Development Goals Report", - "confidence": 0.6033638715744019, - "start": 460, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5197102427482605, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "United Nations Development Programme", - "confidence": 0.7092301249504089, - "start": 445, - "end": 449 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.8987441062927246, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013-2014", - "confidence": 0.9387804865837097, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "working age Syrians", - "confidence": 0.7149282097816467, - "start": 427, - "end": 430 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBased on the 3,592 respondents that reported having\nreceived income in the last 30 days, the average per\ncapita monthly income was $203, (dipping to $97 in\nHermel). When nonworking members were also\naccounted for, the mean monthly household income\nwas just $165.\n\n\nOn average working members were employed for 15\nout of the last 30 days. The average daily wage was\n$15, and was as low as $10 in West Bekaa, Hermel and\nZahle.\n\n\nSyrian refugee HHs were more reliant on loans, credit\nand food vouchers than they were in 2014. Nationally\nhousehold dependency on food vouchers as the primary\nlivelihood source increased by 14% to 54% of HHs,\npeaking at 74% in West Bekaa district. The percentage\nof HHs relying on informal and formal loans as their first\nlivelihood source was three times higher in 2015 (15%)\nthan the previous year, reaching 33% in Chouf.\n\n\n\nReliance on non-agricultural casual labour as the\nprimary livelihood source (15%) was half that of 2014,\nwhile reliance on skilled work fell from 14% in 2014 to\n9% in 2015.\n\n## 10 Food consumption\n\n\nThe number of meals eaten each day by children and\nadults fell compared to 2014. In one in three HHs (vs\none in four in 2014) members consumed just one or no\ncooked meals the previous day. Children under five\nconsumed fewer than three cooked meals the previous\nday in 65% of HHs versus 41% in 2014. More than a\nquarter of HHs (27%) were unable to cook at least once\na day on average (7% more than in 2014), mainly due\nto lack of food to cook (88%) or lack of fuel (12%).\n\n\nThe proportion of HHs with borderline food consumption\nscores (FCS) increased from 10% to 14%.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n\n\n\nthan in 2014.\n\n## 11 Child nutrition [5]\n\n\nLess than half (45%) of babies under six months of age\nwere exclusively breastfed as recommended by WHO\n(2008). One fifth were not breastfeeding at all.\n\n\nAn even lower percentage of 6-17 month old infants had\nthe \u2018minimum acceptable diet\u2019 in 2015 in comparison to\n2014 (3% versus 4%). The main limiting factors were\ninsufficient number of meals (83% did not have the\nminimum acceptable meal frequency) and poor diet\ndiversity. Only 10% versus 18% in 2014 consumed the\nWHO recommended minimum four food groups out of\nseven, sinking to 0% in the districts of Tripoli and\nZgharta.\n\n\nChildren between 6 and 11 months were more likely to\nconsume dairy products in 2015 than in 2014 (up from\n34% to 60%) and infant formula (up by 8%).\n\n\n4 Vitamin A rich food groups: dairy products, eggs, green leafy vegetables, orange or dark yellow\n\n\nvegetables and fruits.\n\n\n5 Information on feeding practices was collected for 381 children under six months of age and 883\n\n\nchildren between six and 17 months.\n\n\n6 A composite indicator that combines dietary diversity and feeding frequency by breastfeeding\n\n\nstatus according to WHO IYCF indicators\n\n\n7 The seven standard food groups are: grains and tubers; pulses; dairy products; meat and fish;\n\n\neggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables and other fruits and vegetables.\n\n\n\nadults restricted their consumption to allow children to\n\neat.\n\n\nHHs were more likely to use coping strategies that\n\ndepleted their asset base (asset-depleting coping\n\nstrategies (ADCSs)) than in the previous two years. More\n\nthan half of HHs (52%) applied a \u2018crisis\u2018 ADCS, 32%\n\nmore than in 2014. The percentage of HHs buying food\n\non credit and reducing essential nonfood expenses such\n\nas health or education was more than double that of\n\n2014 and triple 2013. Spending savings, selling goods\n\nand assets, and withdrawing children from school were\n\nalso more common.\n\n\nThe gap between monthly expenditures and income was\n\nestimated at $300. The percentage of HHs with debts\n\nwas up from 81% in 2014 to 89% in 2015 with HHs\n\nmainly borrowing money to buy food followed by paying\n\nrent and covering health expenses. The amount of\n\nmoney owed rocketed too: on average, HHs with debts\n\nowed $842 compared with $674 in 2014. This national\n\naverage figure has been skewed by that of HHs in BML\n\nregion, where the mean debt average was $1,151. At\n\ndistrict level HHs in El Meten, Beirut, Baabda, Bcharre\nBatroun, Aley and Chouf owed more than $1,000 on\n\naverage.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n## 14 Food insecurity [8]\n\n\n\nThe food security situation of Syrian refugees in\n\nLebanon significantly worsened since 2014. Moderate\n\nfood insecurity doubled to affect a quarter of HHs, while\n\nthe percentage of food secure HHs fell from 25% to\n\n11%. Most of the population (65%) was classified as\n\nmildly food insecure.\n\n\nThe number of moderately or severely food insecure\n\nSyrian refugees in Lebanon has burgeoned since 2014.\n\nOut of the 1,174,690 Syrian refugees registered with\n\nUNHCR by June 2015, about 763,549 were estimated to\n\nbe mildly food insecure, 272,528 moderately food\n\ninsecure and 5,873 severely food insecure. Just\n\n129,216 were considered food secure\n\n\nRegionally, Akkar, Tripoli 5 and Bekaa had the highest\n\nproportion of food insecure HHs and the South the\n\nlowest. However, food insecurity varied significantly by\n\ndistrict within the same region. At district level, the\n\nhighest proportion of food insecure Syrian refugee HHs\n\n(reaching one third) was found in Zgharta, Hermel,\n\nKoura, Chouf and Baalbek. Half of all moderately and\n\nseverely food insecure HHs were in Zahle, Baalbek,\n\nAkkar and West Bekaa.\n\n\n8 Classification of HHs according to their food security situation is based on a composite indicator that considers food\n\n\nconsumption, food expenditure share and coping strategies. HHs are classified into four food security categories:\n\n\nfood secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure and severely food insecure.\n\n\n## 15 Assistance\n\nFood vouchers were the main type of assistance\nreceived (67% versus 69% last year) in the three\nmonths prior to the survey, with the lowest rate in\nAkkar (52%), followed by Tripoli (61%). Bekaa, BML\nand South had 70%+ coverage rates. Around 12% of\nHHs received healthcare assistance, 7% food-in-kind\nand 4% hygiene kits.\n\n\nOnly 7% of HHs received cash assistance in the three\nmonths before the survey, with the lowest rate in\nTripoli (3%) and the highest in the Bekaa (9%). Over\nthe course of the previous year, 7% of HHs benefitted\nfrom education assistance compared with 17% in the\n2014 survey and 16% received furniture. HHs in BML\nwere less likely than elsewhere to receive assistance,\nwhile those in the Bekaa followed by Akkar received the\nmost assistance, particularly in terms of furniture and\nfood assistance. Education assistance was most\ncommon in Akkar (16%) followed by the South (10%).\n\n\n_The number of food insecure Syrian_\n_refugees in Lebanon has burgeoned_\n_since 2014. Out of the 1.2 million_\n_registered HHs less than 130,000_\n_were considered food secure_\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "composite indicator", - "confidence": 0.9008932709693909, - "start": 232, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.9735393524169922, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.838742196559906, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5409384369850159, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9902536273002625, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.691410481929779, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.9755098223686218, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Main points raised Main consequences (in no order) Suggestions
Decrease in food assistance Taking loans and/or accessing More cooperation between NGOs
especially the WFP e-card reduction interest free credit mainly from to widen the geographical coverage
from $30 to $19 per person per relatives, friends, markets, of assistance (food, health, rent,
month. landlords. Most of the men said education, water and cash).
they would be unable to pay
Inability to generate additional Better communication between
back their debts because of
income because government refugees and INGOs/NGOs
unemployment.
policy prohibits refugees from (including the UN) to provide
working. Psychological and emotional pressure more and better assistance.
(some have suicidal thoughts) and
Children sent to work to earn Aid organisations should prioritize
health deterioration (spread of
additional income to cover food and families with no income earners.
diseases).
shelter costs.
Up the WFP e-card value to its
Domestic violence.
Support from humanitarian former value ($30) in HHs that
organisations is lacking/non Not enrolling/withdrawing children are lowering their food intake
existent and often perceived to from schools. so they can pay other necessary
be biased. costs such as rent.
Decrease in food intake.
Host communities are becoming Improve healthcare services.
Begging and taking on illegal jobs to
increasingly aggressive towards
generate income. Ensure education for children.
refugees.
Renew residency permits.
High rents and exploitation
by landowners; accusations Provide better WASH assistance.
of wrong doings by local
External actors to lobby landowners
authorities and disrespectful
to decrease rents.
treatment by aid workers.|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|17**Recommendations**|||\n\n\n\nPolicies, measures and programmes oriented towards\n\nallowing refugees to generate income while protecting\n\nthe Lebanese labour market and mitigating potential\n\ntensions with the host community are recommended.\n\nReducing the number of HHs targeted for assistance is\n\nlikely to lead to a further deterioration of the food\n\nsecurity situation: dependency on external assistance\n\nmust be tackled at the same time. The extended and\n\ncontinued inadequacy of infant and young child feeding\n\npractices requires a causal analysis to better understand\n\nthe factors leading to it. Programmes must be directed\n\nat tackling the identified causes and ensuring effective\n\nbehavioural change. Although sensitisation on adequate\n\nfeeding practices is recommended, other potential\n\n\n\ncauses should be considered to ensure effective\n\nbehavioural change.\n\n\nOverall, an upscale of programmatic interventions to\n\ncover the growing needs of the refugees is\n\nrecommended. Given the significant differences between\n\ndistricts in the same region, any geographical targeting\n\nshould be applied at a lower geographical level. Systems\n\nto identify and recognize these pockets will ensure an\n\nappropriate and fair level of assistance to vulnerable\n\nHHs, regardless of their location.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/11623f9f-47bf-3a1f-b09b-f8cf0ed2db3a/VASyRexecsum2015.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_742/raw/doc_742_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_742/raw/doc_742_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 95fc84c3af46a8ef83a9e942ad0068719b03c74c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_742/raw/doc_742_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CL\u00daSTER DE PROTECCI\u00d3N** **VENEZUELA**\n\n### **BOLET\u00cdN TRATA DE PERSONAS N\u00daMERO 1 MAYO - JULIO**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\n**Bolet\u00edn trata de personas n\u00famero 1 mayo - julio 2022**\n\n\nEste bolet\u00edn ha sido producido por el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, en colaboraci\u00f3n con las\n\norganizaciones participantes del Grupo de Trabajo de Trata de Personas (GTTdP)\n\n\nPara m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre este reporte, contacte a **Alice Contini**, acontini@iom.int\n\n\n_Fotograf\u00eda en portada: \u00a9 IOM/Wells (2019)_\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n es un foro participativo que re\u00fane organiciones de la sociedad civil con\nexperiencia en protecci\u00f3n, incluyendo actores de desarrollo, de derechos humanos y organizaciones\nlocales e internacionales. El Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 liderado por ACNUR.\n\n\nNuestros productos de informaci\u00f3n, incluyendo hojas resumen y mapas, est\u00e1n disponibles en el sitio\nweb del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n:\nhttps://ven.protectioncluster.org\n\n\nContactos:\n\n\nCoordinadora Principal, **Virginia Santoro**, santoro@unhcr.org\nOficial Asociado de Gesti\u00f3n de Informaci\u00f3n, **Luis Alcaraz**, alcarazp@unhcr.org\nEspecialista Trata de Personas, **Alice Contini**, acontini@iom.int\nAsociada de Protecci\u00f3n, **Patricia Bosco**, boscoleo@unhcr.org\nAsistente de Protecci\u00f3n, **Kimberly Sarkis**, sarkisne@unhcr.org\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n## \u00cdNDICE DE CONTENIDOS Venezuela\n\n**4** **Introducci\u00f3n**\n\n\n**5** **Tendencias y respuesta**\n\n\n5 Tendencias\n\n\n6 Respuesta\n\n\n**10** **Territorios**\n\n\n**11** **Organizaciones**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **INTRODUCCI\u00d3N**\n\n\n\nla necesidad de coordinar el trabajo en\n\nesta materia, desarroll\u00f3 una Estrategia\n\ncontra la Trata de Personas con el apoyo\n\nde una Especialista en la Lucha contra\n\nla Trata de la Organisaci\u00f3n Internacional\n\npara las Migraciones (OIM).\n\n\nEn el \u00faltimo periodo, a los esfuerzos\n\nde organizaciones de la sociedad civil\n\nvenezolana que abordan este tema, se\n\nhan sumado nuevas organizaciones\n\nque se beneficiar\u00e1n del fortalecimiento\n\nde capacidades de sus integrantes y\n\ndel establecimiento de una respuesta\n\ninteragencial para realizar un abordaje\n\nintegral de las acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y\n\nrespuesta a la trata. Por estas razones, y\n\nc\u00f3mo parte del Objetivo 1 de la Estrate\ngia contra la TdP coordinada por el\n\nCl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, se ha visto nece\nsario crear el Grupo de Trabajo, para\n\npoder coordinar las acciones en la lucha\n\ncontra la trata en la respuesta humani\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\ntaria en Venezuela. El Grupo de Trabajo\n\npara la prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta a la Trata\n\nde Personas tambi\u00e9n podr\u00e1 ser recono\ncido por las siglas GTTdP, y el mismo es\n\nco-liderado por el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n\n\ny la ONG \u00c9xodo. A la fecha hacen parte\n\nde este grupo de trabajo Agencias ONU,\n\nONGs internacionales y nacionales que\n\nincluyen la respuesta a la trata de perso\nnas en sus programas.\n\n\nLa idea de este bolet\u00edn nace desde la\n\nnecesidad el GTTdP se ha visto de visibi\nlizar algunas de las actuales tendencias\n\nde captaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas de trata y\n\nsu explotaci\u00f3n as\u00ed c\u00f3mo alguna de las\n\nrespuesta que los socios est\u00e1n dando al\n\nproblema en Venezuela.\n\n\n\n**Introducci\u00f3n**\n\n- \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la trata de personas?\n\n- Convenci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas\n\ncontra la delincuencia transnacional\n\n- Compromisos del Cl\u00faster de\n\nProtecci\u00f3n\n\n- Esfuerzos desde las organizaciones de\n\nla sociedad civil\n\n- \u00bfQu\u00e9 es este bolet\u00edn?\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n###### **I. Introducci\u00f3n**\n\nLa trata de presonas (TdP) es un delito y\n\nuna violaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos\n\nque tiene lugar en todos los pa\u00edses del\n\nmundo. Se define en el art\u00edculo 3 del\n\nProtocolo de las Naciones Unidas para\n\nprevenir, reprimir y sancionar la trata\n\nde personas, especialmente mujeres y\n\nni\u00f1os, que complementa la Convenci\u00f3n\n\nde las Naciones Unidas contra la delin\ncuencia organizada transnacional. Se\n\nperpet\u00faa en tiempos de paz y estabilidad\n\ny es cada vez m\u00e1s evidente en tiempos\n\nde crisis.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n de Venezuela,\n\nl\u00edderado por la Oficina del Alto Comisio\nnado de las Naciones Unidas para los\n\nRefugiados (ACNUR), dando importan\ncia al aumento del fen\u00f3meno de la trata\n\nde personas c\u00f3mo mecanismo de afron\ntamiento negativo en Venezuela y viendo\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **TENDENCIAS Y RESPUESTA**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\ndicidad forzada, adopci\u00f3n irregular y\n\nreclutamiento a grupos armados irregu\nlares.\n\n\nEntre las ofertas de trabajo m\u00e1s comunes\n\nse encuentran las ofertas para modelar\n\nen el exterior, presuntos empleos en el\n\n\u00e1rea de cocina y cuidado de la ni\u00f1ez y\n\nadultos mayores.\n\n\n**Tipos de din\u00e1micas**\n**observadas durante el**\n**periodo del reporte:**\n\n\n - **Ofertas laborales enga\u00f1osas:** Se\n\nmantiene como una de las estrate\ngias de captaci\u00f3n de las redes\n\ncriminales, tanto de forma pres\nencial como utilizando las redes\n\nsociales para ofrecer empleos con\n\naltas remuneraciones, a los fines de\n\ncaptar la atenci\u00f3n de las personas\n\nobjetivo.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n**Tendencias y respuesta**\n\n- Ofrecimiento directo de materiales\n\n - servicios para la explotaci\u00f3n de\n\npersonas de cualquier edad y sexo.\n\n- La trata est\u00e1 estrechamente vinculada\n\ncon el contexto migratorio actual y a\n\nmotivos socioecon\u00f3micos.\n\n- Respuesta por organizaci\u00f3n: COOPI,\n\nTinta Violeta, OIM, ACNUR, HIAS\n\nVenezuela, Mulier, y \u00c9xodo.\n\n\n###### **I. Tendencias**\n\n**Durante los meses de mayo a julio**\n\n**2022 se ha observado un cambio en**\n\n**la ejecuci\u00f3n de ofrecimiento de mate-**\n\n**riales o servicios para la explotaci\u00f3n**\n\n**de personas de todas edades y sexo**,\n\nya que en terreno se observ\u00f3 que la\n\ncaptaci\u00f3n se est\u00e1 haciendo de manera\n\ndirecta y no a trav\u00e9s de las redes socia\nles: las v\u00edctimas son captadas en fiestas,\n\ncentros comerciales, cert\u00e1menes de\n\nbelleza, academias de modelaje y en\n\nsus comunidades a trav\u00e9s de la figura\n\ndel tratante familiar, ya sea porque forma\n\nparte de la red, en complicidad o por ser\n\nv\u00edctima de manipulaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nSe contin\u00faa observando que la trata de\n\npersonas est\u00e1 **estrechamente vincu-**\n\n**lada con el contexto migratorio y los**\n\n**deseos de migrar de las personas**\n\n**debido al contexto socioecon\u00f3mico**,\n\n\n\nlo que evidencia un aprovechamiento,\n\npor parte de los tratantes, de las condi\nciones de vulnerabilidad de las v\u00edctimas.\n\nAdem\u00e1s, los tratantes se adaptan a\n\ntodos los contextos para buscar fuen\ntes de ingresos y mantener e incluso\n\npotenciar el negocio il\u00edcito aprovech\u00e1n\ndose de la situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad y\n\nel aumento del uso de Internet y de las\n\nredes sociales para la captaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn cuanto al traslado y transporte de las\n\nv\u00edctimas de trata de personas, la modal\nidad m\u00e1s evidenciada es el transporte\n\nterrestre, con utilizaci\u00f3n del transporte\n\np\u00fablico como autobuses y tambi\u00e9n\n\ncarros particulares como taxis.\n\n\nEl fin de la trata en Venezuela mayor\nmente es la explotaci\u00f3n sexual, de la que\n\nson v\u00edctimas adolescentes y mujeres de\n\n13 a 35 a\u00f1os. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n\n\nhay presencia de trabajo forzado, men\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **Enamoramiento (seducci\u00f3n):** El\n\nmito del amor rom\u00e1ntico es utilizado\n\npor las redes criminales para captar\n\nadolescentes y mujeres, presen\ncialmente, pero tambi\u00e9n utilizando\n\nlas diferentes redes sociales para\n\nobservar, seleccionar y abordar a los\n\n\u201cobjetivos m\u00e1s vulnerables\u201d.\n\n\n- **Ofertas de viajes tur\u00edsticos:** Se\n\nha observado que se realizan tours\n\ndesde el centro del pa\u00eds (Caracas,\n\nValencia) o desde el estado de Zulia\n\na varias partes de Venezuela ofreci\ndos a trav\u00e9s de las redes sociales.\n\nDe esta manera captan a j\u00f3venes\n\npara ser explotados de diferentes\n\nmaneras.\n\n\n- **Ofrecimiento de equipos tec-**\n\n**nol\u00f3gicos de alta gama:** Las redes\n\nde trata estudian las necesidades\n\ny deseos de sus posibles v\u00edctimas\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\n###### **II. Respuesta**\n\n**COOPI \u2013 Cooperazione Internazio-**\n\n**nale y la Asociaci\u00f3n Tinta Violeta, con**\n\n**el apoyo de la OIM** _,_ en el marco del\n\nproyecto \u201cApoyando los esfuerzos de la\n\nOIM para combatir la trata de personas\n\ny brindar asistencia a las comunidades\n\nde acogida y las personas en movilidad\n\nen los estados de Apure y Sucre, Ven\nezuela\u201d, han planificado y desarrollado\n\nun conjunto de acciones con el objetivo\n\nde prevenir la trata de personas en los\n\nestados de Sucre y Apure. Se destacan\n\nen particular las siguientes:\n\n\n- **Campa\u00f1a de sensibilizaci\u00f3n**\n**#NoEsCuentoEsTrata \u2013**\n**#NoEsCuentoEsViolencia**\n\n\nEn los meses de junio y julio, se imple\nment\u00f3 una campa\u00f1a de sensibilizaci\u00f3n\n\nen los estados de Sucre y Apure para\n\n\n\nenfoc\u00e1ndose en personas j\u00f3venes\n\nsin distinci\u00f3n de sexo, a quienes les\n\nson ofrecidos equipos tecnol\u00f3gicos\n\nque est\u00e1n fuera de su capacidad\n\necon\u00f3mica.\n\n\n- **Ofrecimiento del pago de cirug\u00edas**\n\n**de transiciones sexuales:** Las\n\nv\u00edctimas son en su totalidad ado\nlescentes masculinos que desean\n\nhacer la transici\u00f3n hacia un cuerpo\n\nfeminizado. Esta modalidad supone\n\nel establecimiento de esclavitud por\n\ndeuda.\n\n\n- **Desapariciones de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os,**\n\n**adolescentes y mujeres:** Tradicio\nnalmente ha sido utilizada por las\n\nredes de trata para reclutar forzosa\nmente a ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes\n\ny mujeres en territorios vulnerables.\n\n\n- **Rapto con uso de estupefacien-**\n\n\n\n**tes:** Rapto de adolescentes facilitado\n\ncon sustancias estupefacientes,\n\ncuyo efecto las deja a merced de los\n\ntratantes y dej\u00e1ndolas sin recuerdos\n\nde lo sucedido a corto plazo. Se ha\n\ndado en las paradas de transporte\n\np\u00fablico en Tocuyito, estado Cara\nbobo y recolectada la informaci\u00f3n.\n\nTambi\u00e9n se pudo observar esta\n\ndin\u00e1mica en San Antonio (T\u00e1chira).\n\n\n- **Cambio de lugar de explotaci\u00f3n**\n\n**de las v\u00edctimas:** Esto sirve a los\n\ntratantes de evitar ser descubiertos;\n\ndificultando a\u00fan m\u00e1s la detecci\u00f3n,\n\nla identificaci\u00f3n, el rescate y la\n\natenci\u00f3n de v\u00edctimas de trata de per\nsonas.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "concientizar a la poblaci\u00f3n local sobre\n\nlos temas de Trata de Personas (TdP) y\n\nViolencia basada en G\u00e9nero (VbG). La\n\ncampa\u00f1a fue concebida considerando\n\nlas peculiaridades de cada territorio. Se\n\nutilizaron dos consignas diferentes para\n\nevitar poner en riesgo la seguridad de\n\nlos equipos en los territorios de Irapa,\n\nYaguaraparo y G\u00fciria (Sucre), as\u00ed como\n\nen Guasdualito y La Victoria (Apure). Por\n\nende, en Cuman\u00e1 se utiliz\u00f3 la consigna\n**#NoEsCuentoEsTrata**, mientras\n\n\n\nque en el resto de los territorios de Sucre\n\nse decidi\u00f3 adoptar el lema **#NoEs-**\n**CuentoEsViolencia** . Igualmente\n\nocurri\u00f3 en Apure, donde se utilizaron\n\nconsignas diferenciadas, seg\u00fan la com\nplejidad de cada localidad.\n\n\nCon el prop\u00f3sito de alcanzar el mayor\n\nn\u00famero posible de personas, se uti\nlizaron tres redes sociales (Facebook,\n\nInstagram y Twitter) y cinco emisoras\n\nradiales ya que se consideran los instru\nmentos de comunicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s utilizados\n\npor la poblaci\u00f3n local. Asimismo, se\n\norganizaron diez acciones ac\u00fasticas y\n\nun concierto en los territorios target del\n\nproyecto. Adem\u00e1s, se produjeron treinta\n\ny dos spots radiales y cuarenta pro\nductos de comunicaci\u00f3n (videos, fotos,\n\nd\u00edpticos, volantes, folletos) sobre las\n\nformas de violencias, las caracter\u00edsticas\n\ny las formas de prevenci\u00f3n de la TdP y\n\nVbG.\n\n\n\nGracias a la campa\u00f1a se logr\u00f3 concien\ntizar a **466,878 personas**, de las cuales\n\n**386,974** utilizando las redes sociales,\n\n**72,746** por spots radiales y **4,741** perso\nnas durante 10 acciones ac\u00fasticas y un\n\nconcierto.\n\n\n- **Atenci\u00f3n directa a v\u00edctimas**\n**y sobrevivientes de VbG y**\n**TdP**\n\n\nLos equipos de Tinta Violeta y COOPI\n\nhan brindado asistencia a 46 personas\n\nen movilidad vulnerables a violencia,\n\nexplotaci\u00f3n y/o abuso con el Mecanismo\n\nde Asistencia de Protecci\u00f3n Regional\n\nde la OIM. Despu\u00e9s de la detecci\u00f3n de\n\nlos casos, la evaluaci\u00f3n de los mismos\n\npor parte de la OIM y de la identifi\ncaci\u00f3n de las necesidades durante la\n\nentrevista inicial, las personas asistidas\n\npudieron beneficiar de uno o m\u00e1s de\n\nlos siguientes servicios: apoyo psicoso\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\ncial, asesor\u00eda legal, acompa\u00f1amiento\n\ny cobertura de los costes relacionados\n\ncon el transporte, necesidades m\u00e9dicas,\n\nalimentaci\u00f3n u hospedaje de acuerdo a\n\nlas necesidades m\u00e1s urgentes.\n\n\nEn el marco del plan de trabajo con\njunto entre el **Alto Comisionado de las**\n\n**Naciones Unidad para los Refugiados**\n\n**(ACNUR)** y la **Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo**,\n\nse facilitaron cuatro jornadas nacionales\n\nde formaci\u00f3n sobre derecho internacio\nnal de los refugiados, incluido el v\u00ednculo\n\nentre asilo y trata, con el fin de promover\n\nque las necesidades internacionales\n\nde protecci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas de trata\n\nde personas se identifiquen adecua\ndamente, en pro del resguardo de sus\n\nderechos. Las jornadas contaron con la\n\nparticipaci\u00f3n de 66 Delegados Estadales\n\ny puntos focales para la protecci\u00f3n de\n\npersonas refugiadas, migrantes y v\u00edcti\nmas de trata.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**HIAS Venezuela** sensibiliz\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de\n\n**50 funcionarios y funcionarias de 11**\n\n**Instituciones P\u00fablicas** en Punto Fijo\n\n(Falc\u00f3n), con la participaci\u00f3n de las\n\norganizaciones que prestan servicios a\n\nlas sobrevivientes de VbG y TdP.\n\n\nAdem\u00e1s, realiz\u00f3 el primer Simposio sobre\n\nPrevenci\u00f3n de la Trata de Personas que\n\ncont\u00f3 con las ponencias de destacadas\n\nfiguras en el \u00e1rea como representantes\n\nde MULIER, OIM, y ACNUR adem\u00e1s de\n\nla organizaci\u00f3n anfitriona. En dicho Sim\nposio se di\u00f3 a conocer el contexto actual\n\nen materia de trata de personas y sus\n\nefectos sociales. Con la presencia de los\n\nprincipales involucrados en la atenci\u00f3n\n\nde personas sobrevivientes de este\n\ndelito se cumpli\u00f3 con el objetivo de for\ntalecer las relaciones interinstitucionales\n\ncon los actores locales y, por \u00faltimo, se\n\nbrind\u00f3 la informaci\u00f3n sobre los servicios\n\nque las organizaciones ofrecen.\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\n_**Ponentes del evento**_ **(por la izquierda): Arianna Flores (Mulier), Isaac M\u00e9ndez (OIM), Sabrina Su\u00e1rez**\n\n**(ACNUR) y Dorennys Angulo (HIAS Venezuela).**\n\n\n\nQuienes asistieron al evento pudieron\n\ncompartir adem\u00e1s de un intercambio de\n\nsaberes din\u00e1micas que estimularon la\n\nreflexi\u00f3n y la identificaci\u00f3n de factores\n\nde riesgo, como los elementos identi\nficadores de este delito, solicitado por\n\nlos funcionarios en un diagn\u00f3stico de\n\n\n\nnecesidades formativas llevado a cabo\n\nprevio a la organizaci\u00f3n del evento.\n\n\n**La Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para**\n\n**las Migraciones (OIM),** entre mayo y\n\njulio de 2022, en materia de prevenci\u00f3n\n\nde la trata de personas, sensibiliz\u00f3 a\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\n54,124 personas en comunidades, y se\n\ncapacitaron a 734 personas integrantes\n\nde ONG y 1,283 funcionarios y funcio\nnarias de entes gubernamentales sobre\n\ndetecci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n y\n\nasistencia a v\u00edctimas de trata de per\nsonas, en los distintos proyectos que\n\nejecuta la OIM.\n\n\nEn el marco del Dia Mundial de la Trata\n\nde Personas, la OIM efectu\u00f3 38 activi\ndades de sensibilizaci\u00f3n, orientaciones\n\ninformativas, jornadas de capacitaci\u00f3n,\n\ncine foros, distribuci\u00f3n de materiales\n\npreventivos en los estados Amazonas,\n\nApure, Bol\u00edvar, Falcon, T\u00e1chira, Sucre y\n\nZulia, del 25 al 30 de julio de 2022, en\n\nlos \u00e1mbitos comunitario, educativo, insti\ntucional y social.\n\n\nOtro logro significativo para la OIM fue\n\nel lanzamiento de una campa\u00f1a de ori\nentaci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n de la TdP en el\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sistema de Transporte P\u00fablico Metro\n\nde Caracas, con la publicaci\u00f3n de 280\n\nafiches, distribuidos en 14 trenes de las\n\nl\u00edneas 1 y 2, desplegados en las rutas de\n\nlos municipios Sucre, Chacao y Liberta\n\n**Capacitaci\u00f3n al CPNB, en el Ministerio del Poder**\n\n**Popular para Relaciones Interiores, Justicia y Paz.**\n\n\n_**Cr\u00e9ditos: IOM/G\u00e9nesis G\u00f3mez (2022).**_\n\n\ndor del \u00c1rea Metropolitana de Caracas.\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo A.C.,** en el marco del proyecto\n\nPreviniendo la trata de personas en\n\nmujeres adolescentes, ejecutado conjun\ntamente con **Transparencia Venezuela**,\n\n\n\nel Grupo de Trabajo sobre Esclavitud\n\nModerna en Venezuela (GTEMV) y la\n\nRed Naranja, se sensibiliz\u00f3 a 156 ado\nlescentes y 60 docentes y personal\n\nadministrativo de dos liceos selecciona\ndos de Tocuyito, estado Carabobo.\n\n\nIgualmente, se realiz\u00f3 campa\u00f1a **#Jun-**\n**tasSomosLibres** apoyada por\n\nvarias organizaciones de la sociedad\n\ncivil venezolana, basada en el mate\nrial entregado a las adolescentes para\n\npromover el autocuidado como recurso\n\npara prevenir la trata de personas en\n\nadolescentes.\n\n\nEn mayo, en implementaci\u00f3n de\n\nlas campa\u00f1as **#LaMejorRuta** y\n**#NoM\u00e1sTrata** se sensibiliz\u00f3 a 54\n\npersonas con la entrega de materiales\n\ny capacitaci\u00f3n sobre la prevenci\u00f3n de la\n\ntrata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y\n\nlaboral.\n\n\n\n**Alumnas de quinto a\u00f1o y docente de la U.E. Batalla**\n\n**de Carabobo sostienen el material preventivo**\n\n**entregado en el marco del proyecto.**\n\n\nEn el mes de julio se sensibilizaron 24\n\ndocentes de la comunidad de Chupar\u00edn\n\nPuerto La Cruz, estado Anzo\u00e1tegui, en\n\nel marco de la gu\u00eda PROTEGE: Pre\nvenci\u00f3n de la separaci\u00f3n familiar y la\n\ntrata de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, en\n\nalianza con ASOVILUZ, DERECHICOS,\n\ny el apoyo de UNICEF.\n\n\n\u00c9xodo, por cuarto a\u00f1o consecutivo, en\n\nconmemoraci\u00f3n del d\u00eda Internacional\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\ncontra la trata de personas, impuls\u00f3 y\n\ncoordin\u00f3 conjuntamente con el GTEMV,\n\nla IV edici\u00f3n del seminario internacional\n\n\u201c _La trata de personas m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de nues-_\n\n_tras fronteras_ \u201d, contando con ponentes\n\nnacionales e internacionales especial\nizadas en la materia.\n\n\n**Imagen de la invitaci\u00f3n al IV Seminario Internacio-**\n\n**nal: \"La Trata de Personas M\u00e1s All\u00e1 de Nuestras**\n\n**Fronteras\".**\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n## **TERRITORIOS**\n##### Venezuela\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES**\n\nde vida y salud sexual reproductiva.\n\n\n - _**Manuel Simoncelli,**_ _Coordinador Pa\u00eds_\n\n_Venezuela: coord.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\na derechos y construir un mundo en el\n\nque encuentren acogimiento, justicia y\n\nempat\u00eda.\n\n\n - _L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n: 04123147366_\n\n\n**La Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para**\n\n**las Migraciones (OIM)** se crea en 1951\n\ncomo la organizaci\u00f3n intergubernamental\n\nl\u00edder que promueve la migraci\u00f3n humana\n\ny ordenada para beneficio de todos,\n\ncon presencia en m\u00e1s de 100 pa\u00edses\n\ny con 174 estados miembros. La OIM\n\nforma parte del Sistema de Naciones\n\nUnidas en calidad de organizaci\u00f3n\n\nasociada, se apoya en los principios\n\nconsagrados en el Acta Constitutiva de\n\nlas Naciones Unidas, vinculadas a la\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\n**COOPI (Cooperazione Internazionale)**\n\nes una organizaci\u00f3n humanitaria fundada\n\nen 1965 en Mil\u00e1n, Italia. Actualmente,\n\nCOOPI est\u00e1 presente en 33 pa\u00edses de\n\n\u00c1frica, Oriente Medio, Am\u00e9rica Latina y\n\nCaribe, con m\u00e1s de 241 proyectos de\n\nasistencia humanitaria que alcanzan\n\nalrededor de 6 M de personas. Desde\n\n2019 COOPI establece una presencia\n\nen Venezuela para asistir a la poblaci\u00f3n\n\nlocal tras el agravamiento de la crisis\n\nsocioecon\u00f3mica del pa\u00eds. En estos a\u00f1os\n\nCOOPI ha ampliado sus intervenciones\n\ny actualmente ejecuta proyectos con\n\ndiferentes donantes en Caracas, Lara,\n\nAnzo\u00e1tegui, Sucre, Delta Amacuro y\n\nBolivar en protecci\u00f3n (VbG, protecci\u00f3n\n\nNNA y Trata de Personas), ASH, aloja\nmiento, seguridad alimentaria, medios\n\n\n\n\n- _**Gaia Petenzi**_ _, Responsable de_\n\n_Programas: programas.venezuela@_\n\n_coopi.org_\n\n- _**Mariana Garc\u00eda-Sojo**_ _, Oficial de_\n\n_Protecci\u00f3n: proteccion.venezuela@_\n\n_coopi.org_\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo, A.C.** es una Asociaci\u00f3n Civil\n\nsin fines de lucro, dedicada a la inves\ntigaci\u00f3n, asesoramiento, sensibilizaci\u00f3n,\n\nformaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento\n\nen materia de movilidad humana en\n\ncontextos seguros, prevenci\u00f3n de la\n\nviolencia basada en g\u00e9nero, haciendo\n\n\n\n\u00e9nfasis en la Trata de Personas, con\n\nenfoque de derechos humanos, g\u00e9nero\n\ne interseccional de forma transversal a\n\ntodas las acciones. Forman parte de la\n\nRED NARANJA, GTEM Venezuela, y\n\nOUTRAV.\n\n\n- _L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n: 04128854281_\n\n- _exodo.ac.vla@gmail.com_\n\n\n**HIAS Venezuela** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil\n\nque brinda atenci\u00f3n a las personas en\n\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional y\n\npoblaci\u00f3n local vulnerable, desarrollando\n\nlas capacidades individuales y locales\n\nen comunidades de acogida con el\n\nfin de fomentar su autosuficiencia y\n\nempoderamiento, promover el acceso\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "defensa de los derechos humanos de\n\ntodas las personas. Representa una\n\nfuente de asesoramiento clave frente a\n\nlas pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas migratorias en\n\ntodo el mundo. En Venezuela, la OIM\n\ntiene presencia nacional en los estados\n\nAmazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Distrito\n\nCapital, Falcon, T\u00e1chira, Sucre y Zulia;\n\napoya 9 centros de alojamiento temporal\n\npara personas en movilidad, 14 puntos\n\nm\u00f3viles de personas en movilidad, y 4\n\npuntos en terminales terrestres.\n\n\n- _iomcaracas@iom.int_\n\n\nSi requiere informaci\u00f3n adicional sobre\n\nlos programas y servicios del Alto Comi\nsionado de las Naciones Unidas para\n\nlos Refugiados (ACNUR) en Venezuela,\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\npuede encontrar los datos de contacto\n\nen el enlace:\n\n\n- _https://ayuda.acnur.org/venezuela_\n\n\nLa Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Tinta Violeta es una\n\ncolectiva feminista con m\u00e1s de 9 a\u00f1os de\n\nexistencia, que tiene por objeto la inves\ntigaci\u00f3n, estudio, promoci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n,\n\nacci\u00f3n, organizaci\u00f3n y defensa de los\n\nderechos humanos de las mujeres, las\n\nadolescentes, las ni\u00f1as y las personas\n\nLGBTIQ+. Esta organizaci\u00f3n nace de\n\nla necesidad de transformar la realidad\n\ncultural y estructural adversa para estas\n\npersonas.\n\n\n\nTiene una amplia experiencia en la eje\ncuci\u00f3n de proyectos de prevenci\u00f3n y\n\nformaci\u00f3n para superar la VbG en los ter\nritorios, as\u00ed como en la comunicaci\u00f3n y\n\nlas artes, en el que destaca el \u201cProyecto\n\nAmada\u201d, financiado por el Fondo de\n\nMujeres del Sur, del que la organizaci\u00f3n\n\nes coparte por cuarto a\u00f1o consecutivo.\n\n\nCon alcance nacional a trav\u00e9s de orga\nnizaciones aliadas en los territorios, se\n\nencuentra en pleno crecimiento. Con\n\nla creaci\u00f3n del \"Voluntariado Mayell\n\nHern\u00e1ndez\" ha sabido hacerse de un\n\nespacio en el espectro de organizaciones\n\nque dan respuesta a las necesidades de\n\nlas mujeres y ni\u00f1as en situaci\u00f3n de vio\nlencia. A ra\u00edz de la aprobaci\u00f3n del Plan\n\nde Respuesta Humanitaria para Venezu\nela, Tinta Violeta hace parte del Cl\u00faster\n\nde Protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- _L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n para_\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela\n\n_acompa\u00f1amiento: 04126924062_\n\n_/ 04126924020 / 04126924073 /_\n\n_04126924804_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/637a883b-577c-456e-899b-cb4e1513dc00/VEN_report_Boletin%20trata%201%20Mayo%20-%20Julio%202022_to%20share_290922.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_743/raw/doc_743_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_743/raw/doc_743_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d0368cbedcd1f18507f6f17462f3eba77406b246..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_743/raw/doc_743_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "###### OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022\n\n**wwww.sheltercluster.org/venezuela.sheltercluster.org/venezuela**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "~~**LISTA DE ACR\u00d3NIMOS**~~ ~~**\u00cdNDICE**~~\n\n\n\n**AAP** Rendici\u00f3n de cuentas a las\npoblaciones afectadas\n\n\n**AGD** Edad, g\u00e9nero y diversidad\n\n\n**CCCM** _Camp Coordination and Camp_\n_Management_\n\n\n**CCPM** Monitoreo del rendimiento de la\ncoordinaci\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster\n\n\n**COPREDIG** Comision Presidencial de Refugios\ndignos\n\n\n**EAT** Espacio de alojamiento temporal\n\n\n**GBV** Violencia basada en G\u00e9nero\n\n\n**GSC** _Global Shelter Cluster_\n\n\n**HCT** Equipo Humanitario de Pa\u00eds\n\n\n**HNO** Panorama de necesidades\n\n\n**HRP** Plan de Respuesta\n\n\n**IASC** _Inter-Agency Standing Committee_\n\n\n\n**ICCG** _Inter-Cluster Coordination Group_\n\n\n**OCHA** Oficina de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Asuntos\nHumanitarios\n\n\n**PASI** Punto de Atenci\u00f3n Social Integral\n\n\n**RHU** Unidad modular de alojamiento\n\n\n**SAG** Grupo Consultivo Estrat\u00e9gico\n\n\n**UNHCR** Alto Comisionado de las Naciones\nUnidas para los Refugiados\n\n\n\nPalabras de nuestro Representante ....................................................................................5\n\nIntroducci\u00f3n..........................................................................................................................7\n\nCoordinando la Respuesta Humanitaria de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres............................9\n\nPlan de Respuesta Humanitaria 2022-2023.......................................................................13\n\nEstrategia del Cl\u00faster y \u00e1reas de respuesta.......................................................................16\n\nMonitoreo de la respuesta..................................................................................................17\n\nFortalecimiento de capacidades de las organizaciones socias...........................................18\n\nRespuestas exitosas de los socios y consorcios................................................................23\n\nTECHO...............................................................................................................24\n\nFundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular ..................................................................................26\n\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, ACNUR.......................28\n\nAsociaci\u00f3n NILO.................................................................................................. 30\n\nFundaci\u00f3n Senderos...........................................................................................32\n\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) ..............................................34\n\nFinanciamiento.................................................................................................................38\n\nRetos y desaf\u00edos | Mirando hacia 2023...............................................................................38\n\nAgradecimientos.........................................................................................................40\n\nCr\u00e9ditos fotogr\u00e1ficos.....................................................................................................................42\n\n\n\nDocumento actualizado el 23 de febrero de 2023\n\n**2** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Palabras de nuestro Representante**\n\n\n\nEste 2022 ser\u00e1 recordado por los diferentes\nfen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos que superaron los\npromedios hist\u00f3ricos, con el paso de 44 ondas\ntropicales en el pa\u00eds, afectando aproximadamente\na m\u00e1s de 60 mil personas y a m\u00e1s de 14\nmil viviendas que sufrieron da\u00f1os y tuvieron\nlimitaciones de acceso a energ\u00eda y enseres\nb\u00e1sicos. Tambi\u00e9n pasar\u00e1 a la historia como el a\u00f1o\nen que se desat\u00f3 la guerra en Ucrania, conflicto\nque retuvo la atenci\u00f3n del mundo entero y absorbi\u00f3\ngran parte de los recursos destinados a la ayuda\nhumanitaria global.\n\n\nAnte el impacto creciente de desastres asociados\ncon eventos naturales y el cambio clim\u00e1tico que\ngeneraron movilidad humana y necesidades\nespec\u00edficas en alojamiento de emergencia y\nprotecci\u00f3n en las comunidades m\u00e1s vulnerables,\nel Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres en\nVenezuela, liderado por el Alto Comisionado de las\nNaciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR),\nha mantenido sus esfuerzos y dedicaci\u00f3n\nenfocados en su misi\u00f3n de garantizar y mejorar\nlas condiciones de vida de las personas afectadas.\nDentro de su vocaci\u00f3n de trabajo coordinado con\nlas acciones de los socios y actores clave del\nsector privado y contrapartes gubernamentales, el\nCl\u00faster contribuy\u00f3 a fortalecer la respuesta.\n\n\nEs importante destacar la creaci\u00f3n de una alianza\ncon el Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energ\u00eda\nEl\u00e9ctrica, que busca apoyar los planes nacionales\npara brindar energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica a comunidades\naisladas y en zonas remotas a trav\u00e9s de sistemas\nfotovoltaicos, lo que es fundamental para el\nacceso efectivo a otros derechos. De esta manera,\nel Cl\u00faster afianz\u00f3 su compromiso para trabajar de\nmanera conjunta con las autoridades para brindar\nprotecci\u00f3n a las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables.\n\n\n\nAsimismo, el cl\u00faster estableci\u00f3 en forma conjunta\nuna estrategia clara, as\u00ed como est\u00e1ndares\nt\u00e9cnicos para sus \u00e1reas de respuesta, en las\nque se desarrollaron proyectos exitosos que se\npresentan en este reporte anual. Estos proyectos\nvar\u00edan enormemente en escala, coste, duraci\u00f3n,\nfase de respuesta y dise\u00f1o que reflejan los a\u00f1os\nde experiencia de las organizaciones socias sobre\nel terreno.\n\n\nEsperamos que estos esfuerzos contin\u00faen\nproyect\u00e1ndose y sigan contribuyendo a mejorar y\ngarantizar la respuesta humanitaria en Venezuela.\n\n\nAnimamos a los lectores a compartir ampliamente\nesta publicaci\u00f3n y queremos agradecer a todos\nlos actores que trabajaron arduamente en 2022\npara cumplir con los objetivos. Sin su esfuerzo\ne implicaci\u00f3n estar\u00edamos muy lejos de haber\nobtenido los resultados de los que nos sentimos\norgullos y que presentamos en este documento.\n\n\n**Enrique Vall\u00e9s-Ramos**\nRepresentante, a.i.\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para\nlos Refugiados, (ACNUR) Venezuela\n\n\n\n**4** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Introducci\u00f3n al reporte anual\n\n\n\nEl principal objetivo de este reporte anual es\ndocumentar y compartir las lecciones aprendidas\npara mejorar las pr\u00e1cticas actuales y futuras.\nEl informe presenta la estrategia del cl\u00faster,\nla respuesta y el desarrollo de proyectos\nexitosos. Asimismo, busca promover enfoques\nprogram\u00e1ticos de alojamiento y mostrar el\napoyo continuo y soporte a las estrategias\ngubernamentales tanto a nivel ministerial como de\nautoridades locales y regionales.\n\n\nSe resaltan algunos hitos en la coordinaci\u00f3n a\nnivel nacional y subnacional que permitieron\nfortalecer el foro de organizaciones, as\u00ed como\nlas actividades que se realizaron para construir\ncapacidades de los socios e instituciones a trav\u00e9s\nde 12 capacitaciones.\n\n\nComo una de las secciones m\u00e1s destacadas\ndel reporte, se presentan los proyectos exitosos\nque son el resultado del arduo trabajo de las\norganizaciones socias para apoyar a miles\nde personas vulnerables, principalmente las\nafectadas por la crisis. Los proyectos exitosos son\nfuente de inspiraci\u00f3n para pr\u00f3ximos proyectos, e\nincluyen intervenciones que ponen en el centro la\nparticipaci\u00f3n comunitaria, que se dirigen a grupos\nde poblaci\u00f3n a menudo invisibilizados como las\ncomunidades ind\u00edgenas, que enfocan su accionar\nen comunidades remotas con importantes\nrestricciones en el acceso a servicios esenciales,\nque impulsan la sostenibilidad medioambiental y\ndignifican las pr\u00e1cticas locales.\n\n\nAl compilar este reporte, somos muy conscientes\nde que las personas afectadas son los principales\nactores en cualquier recuperaci\u00f3n y que son el\ncentro de toda la acci\u00f3n humanitaria. Las personas\nque se benefician de estos proyectos rara vez\nson receptores pasivos, sino que su participaci\u00f3n\nactiva constituye el eje central de la respuesta y de\nla soluci\u00f3n. En este informe se reconoce y resalta\nsu papel.\n\n\nEn vista de la importancia de la obtenci\u00f3n de los\nrecursos y su repercusi\u00f3n sobre los resultados, se\ndestaca que a\u00fan existen importantes brechas y\nacciones necesarias que se ampliar\u00e1n y explicar\u00e1n\nen la secci\u00f3n dedicada al financiamiento.\n\n\n\nFinalmente, se plantean algunos retos y desaf\u00edos\npara 2023 en \u00e1reas como la preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta\nante emergencias, la respuesta en espacios\nde alojamiento temporal, el acceso a energ\u00eda\nel\u00e9ctrica en zonas remotas, y los programas\ncon un enfoque de nexo entre lo humanitario y\nel desarrollo, incluyendo las intervenciones que\npromuevan la reintegraci\u00f3n de retornados.\n\n\nEsperamos que este documento sea de su inter\u00e9s,\nnos lleve a reflexionar sobre los retos afrontados,\nlas fortalezas, debilidades, las repercusiones\ny las lecciones que pueden extraerse, y pueda\ncontribuir al desarrollo de programas y proyectos\nde alojamiento, energ\u00eda y enseres para continuar\napoyando a los m\u00e1s necesitados.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Coordinando la respuesta Humanitaria** **de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres**\n\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2022, el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres planific\u00f3 e implement\u00f3 una nueva\nestrategia, gener\u00f3 est\u00e1ndares t\u00e9cnicos para la\nrespuesta de las organizaciones, identific\u00f3 y analiz\u00f3\nlas necesidades y brechas, fortaleci\u00f3 las relaciones\ncon actores relevantes de Gobierno, y construy\u00f3\ncapacidades t\u00e9cnicas en las organizaciones socias\nincluyendo la preparaci\u00f3n y planificaci\u00f3n ante\ncontingencias.\n\n\nDurante febrero y marzo, con base a los resultados de\nla **Evaluaci\u00f3n del Desempe\u00f1o de la Coordinaci\u00f3n**\n**del Cl\u00faster** (CCPM, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s),\nse definieron actividades para fortalecer las seis\nfunciones b\u00e1sicas del sector lo que deriv\u00f3 en un plan\nde acci\u00f3n anual.\n\n\nDurante los meses de mayo y junio, se revis\u00f3 la\nestrategia anual del cl\u00faster en conjunto con las\norganizaciones socias a trav\u00e9s de un proceso\nparticipativo de recolecci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n y la\nconducci\u00f3n de talleres presenciales y virtuales.\nComo resultado, se aprob\u00f3 una nueva estrategia\n\n\n\npara 2022-2023 adaptada a los cambios en el\ncontexto humanitario, con el establecimiento de\nlineamientos comunes para garantizar alojamiento\nseguro y digno, acceso a fuentes de energ\u00eda y\ndistribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos a las poblaciones\nafectadas.\n\n\n**El Grupo Estrat\u00e9gico Consultivo** (SAG, por\nsus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) fue renovado durante el\nmes de mayo para el per\u00edodo 2022-2023 con una\nimportante participaci\u00f3n de organizaciones locales\ne internacionales tales como Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda\nPopular, TECHO y Caritas Venezuela, las agencias\nde Naciones Unidas ACNUR, IOM y ICRC como\nmiembro observador. El grupo revis\u00f3 y aprob\u00f3\nla estrategia del cl\u00faster, tambi\u00e9n particip\u00f3 en el\ndesarrollo de acciones y materiales asociados con la\nprevenci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de desastres.\n\n\nEn un esfuerzo conjunto, el Cl\u00faster revis\u00f3 los\nest\u00e1ndares t\u00e9cnicos para los kits de enseres b\u00e1sicos\nque fueron revisados y aprobados por organizaciones\nsocias con experiencia en esta \u00e1rea. Este proceso\n\n\n\n1 Los t\u00e9rminos de referencia del Grupo Estrat\u00e9gico Coonsultivo se encuentran disponibles en el sitio web del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres en Venezuela.\nPueden accederse a trav\u00e9s de este enlace: https://www.sheltercluster.org/venezuela/documents/terminos-de-referencia-grupo-consultivo-estrategico-sag\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "se llev\u00f3 a cabo en coordinaci\u00f3n con sectores\nrelevantes como Salud, Agua, Saneamiento e\nHigiene, y el AdR de Violencia basada en G\u00e9nero\npara cubrir algunas de las necesidades espec\u00edficas\nen estas \u00e1reas. Como resultado, en el mes de mayo\nse public\u00f3 el cat\u00e1logo de kits de enseres b\u00e1sicos\nestandarizados, con la definici\u00f3n de la composici\u00f3n\ntres de ellos: kit individual para personas en\nmovilidad, kit familiar para personas en movilidad,\nkit de h\u00e1bitat.\n\n\nA nivel subnacional, para los estados de T\u00e1chira\ny M\u00e9rida, se destaca la articulaci\u00f3n con las\nautoridades. En los \u00faltimos tres a\u00f1os se han definido\nl\u00edneas efectivas de comunicaci\u00f3n para velar por\nuna respuesta oportuna a las familias afectadas\npor la ocurrencia de desastres y emergencias.\nEn particular, en el estado de M\u00e9rida, el trabajo\nconjunto incluy\u00f3 adem\u00e1s de la distribuci\u00f3n de\nenseres a familias que tuvieron perdidas parciales\n\n- totales de sus viviendas, el fortalecimiento de las\ninstituciones tales como bomberos y Protecci\u00f3n\nCivil en todas sus estaciones. De esta manera se\nfacilit\u00f3 la asistencia bajo los principios humanitarios\nen correspondencia con la necesidad identificada\npor el ente de gesti\u00f3n de riesgos del Estado\nvenezolano.\n\n\nPara los estados de Zulia, Falc\u00f3n y Lara, en\ncoordinaci\u00f3n con OCHA y los miembros de cl\u00faster,\nse realizaron evaluaciones de da\u00f1os y an\u00e1lisis de\nnecesidades, que permitieron beneficiar a m\u00e1s de\n250 familias gravemente afectadas por lluvias y\n\n\n\nvientos huracanados a trav\u00e9s de la distribuci\u00f3n de\nenseres b\u00e1sicos (lonas, colchones, mosquiteros,\nhamacas, pastillas potabilizadoras de agua y\nl\u00e1mparas solares), kits de alimentos (Caritas), kits\nde higiene (UNICEF), as\u00ed como atenci\u00f3n psicosocial\n(IOM) y mejoramiento de viviendas (TECHO).\n\n\nDurante el \u00faltimo trimestre de 2022, tuvo lugar\nel proceso de evaluaci\u00f3n y actualizaci\u00f3n del\nPanorama de Necesidades Humanitarias donde se\ncubrieron 11 estados del pa\u00eds a trav\u00e9s de talleres de\njuicios de expertos.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n se analizaron los resultados de las\nencuestas intersectoriales realizadas con 10.534\ninformantes claves en 20 estados, as\u00ed como las\nbrechas de la respuesta en el sector. Como\nresultado se identific\u00f3 de manera diferenciada\nseg\u00fan los grupos de poblaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos, la\ndificultad del acceso limitado a alojamiento, energ\u00eda\ny enseres. Cinco necesidades de respuesta\nprioritarias para el sector fueron identificadas:\n\n\n1. Preparaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de riesgos ante\ndesastres;\n\n\n2. Definici\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de espacios de alojamiento\ntemporal;\n\n\n3. Fuentes alternativas de energ\u00eda en\ncomunidades remotas;\n\n\n4. Enseres enfocados en funciones y prop\u00f3sitos\nde protecci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos y\n\n\n\n5. Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de infraestructura de\ninstituciones incluyendo instalaciones\nel\u00e9ctricas y equipamientos m\u00ednimos.\n\n\nA lo largo del a\u00f1o, el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres trabaj\u00f3 en el fortalecimiento de\nlas relaciones con las autoridades. En este sentido,\nse realizaron acercamientos con el Ministerio del\nPoder Popular para la Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, logr\u00e1ndose\ncompromisos para la implementaci\u00f3n de energ\u00edas\nrenovables en zonas remotas y comunidades\nind\u00edgenas sin acceso al Sistema El\u00e9ctrico Nacional.\nDe igual manera, se deline\u00f3 un acuerdo marco\ncon ACNUR como Agencia L\u00edder del Cl\u00faster para\nformalizar la colaboraci\u00f3n para los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os\nen materia de energ\u00eda.\n\n\nSe estrecharon las alianzas con el Viceministerio\ndel Poder Popular para la Gesti\u00f3n del Riesgo y\nProtecci\u00f3n Civil para la preparaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de\nriesgos de desastres. Se realizaron talleres para\nfortalecer las capacidades t\u00e9cnicas que beneficiaron\na las organizaciones socias, Protecci\u00f3n Civil y\nBomberos en diferentes estados y regiones.\n\n\nEn el \u00e1mbito intersectorial, el Cl\u00faster particip\u00f3 en\nencuentros con el Ministerio del Poder Popular para\nla Salud y en mesas t\u00e9cnicas del cl\u00faster de Salud\ny Nutrici\u00f3n con instancias de gobierno en el estado\nMiranda. En estas reuniones se identificaron \u00e1reas\nprioritarias para dar una respuesta en salud, donde\nse incluyeron las variantes contra el COVID-19,\nenfermedades end\u00e9micas relacionadas con la\n\n\n\ntemporada de lluvias, as\u00ed como la priorizaci\u00f3n\nde centros de salud que requieren alguna\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nFinalmente, se realizaron acercamientos con el\nGobierno del Distrito Capital para el fortalecimiento\nen la gesti\u00f3n de espacios en alojamiento temporal.\nSe llevaron a cabo visitas de diagn\u00f3stico a estos\nespacios y en consecuencia se hizo una formaci\u00f3n\nen gesti\u00f3n de espacios de alojamiento temporal\ncon las organizaciones socias.\n\n\n\n**10** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria** **2022 - 2023**\n\n\n\nPosterior a la visita al pa\u00eds de Martin Griffith,\nSecretario General Adjunto de Asuntos\nHumanitarios y Coordinador del Socorro de\nEmergencia, el Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria\n2022-2023 (HRP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) fue\npublicado en agosto con la premisa de establecer\nun marco de planificaci\u00f3n bianual.\n\n\nEspec\u00edficamente, para el Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres, 26 organizaciones socias\nplanificaron alcanzar a m\u00e1s de 346.000 personas\nde manera directa y a m\u00e1s de 1.500.000 personas\nindirectamente (a trav\u00e9s de intervenciones en\nespacios comunitarios e instituciones que prestan\nservicios esenciales a la poblaci\u00f3n). Para llevar a\ncabo estas acciones los socios requirieron de US$\n53.9 millones.\n\n\nSe planificaron actividades para ser desarrolladas\nen **17 estados del pa\u00eds,** principalmente en\nAmazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Delta Amacuro, Falc\u00f3n,\nMiranda, Sucre y Zulia.\n\n\nLa mayor parte de las acciones del sector de\nAlojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres se enfocaron en\ncontribuir al objetivo estrat\u00e9gico 2 del Plan de\nRespuesta: disminuir la vulnerabilidad y fortalecer\nlas capacidades de recuperaci\u00f3n y la resiliencia\nde las personas priorizadas por grupo de edad,\ng\u00e9nero y diversidad.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos generales la respuesta descrita del\nSector de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres estuvo\norientada a contribuir a tres objetivos:\n\n\n\n**El objetivo 1.1. del HRP** enfocado en reducir la\nvulnerabilidad de las personas afectadas frente a\nriesgos de mortalidad y morbilidad, mejorando el\nacceso a bienes y servicios esenciales de salud.\n\n\n**El objetivo 2.2 del HRP,** que constribuye a brindar\nun acceso equitativo y continuo a los bienes y\nservicios esenciales, donde se incluye los temas\nde electricidad, fuentes alternativas de energ\u00eda\ny espacios de alojamiento temporal, salud y\neducaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**El objetivo 2.3 del HRP,** orientado a fortalecer las\ncapacidades institucionales y comunitarias para\nprevenir, mitigar y responder a eventos adversos\nde origen natural o antr\u00f3pico.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Estrategia del Cl\u00faster y \u00e1reas de** **respuesta**\n\n\n\nPara conocer cambios en el contexto humanitario\ny nuevos enfoques en la respuesta, durante\n2022, la estrategia del cl\u00faster fue revisada y\nactualizada mediante un proceso participativo\ncon las organizaciones socias a trav\u00e9s de talleres\npresenciales y virtuales y una herramienta de\nrecolecci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n. En junio, el SAG\naprob\u00f3 un nuevo documento estrat\u00e9gico para\n2022-2023 que incorpora temas de relevancia\ncomo la necesidad de generar programas que\npromuevan la reintegraci\u00f3n de personas retornadas,\nconsideraciones medioambientales en la asistencia,\nel nexo con el desarrollo e intervenciones con un\nenfoque en la sostenibilidad, entre otros.\n\n\nPara seguir fortaleciendo la eficacia de la asistencia\nhumanitaria en cuanto a alojamiento, energ\u00eda\ny enseres para 2023, el Cl\u00faster desarrolla sus\nacciones en cuatro \u00e1reas de respuesta:\n\n\n**1.** **Reforzar** **los** **Espacios** **de Alojamiento**\n**Temporal a trav\u00e9s de intervenciones en**\n**infraestructura** **dotaci\u00f3n y soporte para la**\n**gesti\u00f3n de espacios:**\n\n\nEsta respuesta est\u00e1 destinada a personas en\nmovilidad y personas afectadas por desastres con\nnecesidades espec\u00edficas incluyendo sobrevivientes\nde violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, de trata y tr\u00e1fico\nde personas, a trav\u00e9s de rehabilitaciones, mejoras\ny construcciones, incluyendo reparaciones en\nla infraestructura el\u00e9ctrica clave, dotaciones de\nequipamiento y enseres b\u00e1sicos que aseguren el\nfuncionamiento, los est\u00e1ndares de accesibilidad,\ny que los espacios sean dignos y seguros. Se\ncontempla adem\u00e1s la formaci\u00f3n destinada a la\ngesti\u00f3n integral de los espacios de alojamiento\ntemporal, en pro de establecer criterios de buenas\npr\u00e1cticas durante su funcionamiento.\n\n\n**2.** **Fortalecer** **las** **capacidades** **de** **las**\n**comunidades** **y** **de** **las** **instituciones**\n**que** **prestan** **servicios** **esenciales** **en**\n**comunidades vulnerables:**\n\nSe consideran las intervenciones en centros de\nsalud, escuelas y espacios de autoridades de\ncoordinaci\u00f3n civil-militar, y otros espacios para que\nbrinden servicios b\u00e1sicos. A trav\u00e9s de este enfoque,\nla poblaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s vulnerable se beneficia del acceso\na servicios a trav\u00e9s de espacios comunitarios\nadecuados, mitigando riesgos de protecci\u00f3n,\n\n\n\npromoviendo la reintegraci\u00f3n de personas\nretornadas y previniendo el desplazamiento a trav\u00e9s\nde intervenciones en edificaciones, continuidad de\nacceso a energ\u00eda, iluminaci\u00f3n y dotaci\u00f3n de enseres\nb\u00e1sicos.\n\n\n**3.** **Mejorar las condiciones, el acceso a**\n**servicios en alojamientos individuales y el**\n**derecho a la vivienda, la tierra y la propiedad**\n**(HLP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s):**\n\n\nEsta \u00e1rea pretende mejorar la seguridad f\u00edsica y las\ncondiciones de habitabilidad de las viviendas de\nlas personas m\u00e1s vulnerables y con necesidades\nespec\u00edficas a trav\u00e9s de rehabilitaciones,\nampliaciones, mejoras, o entrega de materiales\ncon un enfoque en promover la resiliencia y la\nautorrecuperaci\u00f3n en las comunidades a trav\u00e9s de\nformaciones en construcci\u00f3n segura. Se tienen\nen cuenta para estas intervenciones los derechos\nasociados de tenencia de la tierra y condiciones\nde riesgo de los terrenos en los que se encuentran\nubicadas las viviendas, particularmente en personas\nretornadas que pueden enfrentarse a problemas de\nhabitabilidad, seguridad o legalidad de viviendas\nabandonadas, desmanteladas u ocupadas por\nterceros.\n\n\n**4.** **Apoyar y fortalecer la respuesta de las**\n**autoridades competentes ante la ocurrencia**\n**de desastres y emergencias:**\n\n\nSe busca apoyar a trav\u00e9s del fortalecimiento de\ncapacidades, asistencia t\u00e9cnica en el dise\u00f1o e\nimplementaci\u00f3n de planes de contingencia y el\ncumplimiento de est\u00e1ndares internacionales,\nincluyendo la provisi\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos y la\ngesti\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento Temporal para\natenci\u00f3n de estas emergencias.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Monitoreo del Plan de Respuesta**\n\n\n\nPara el cierre de 2022, **54.019 personas** (55%\nmujeres y 45% hombres) **se beneficiaron**\n**directamente** de acciones en Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres. Adem\u00e1s, las intervenciones\nen instituciones y otros espacios que prestan\nservicios esenciales a la poblaci\u00f3n han llegado\n**indirectamente a 483.827 personas** afectadas.\nEn conjunto, la respuesta abarc\u00f3 17 estados y el\nDistrito Capital. Los estados con mayor n\u00famero de\nbeneficiarios directos fueron Apure, Zulia, Bol\u00edvar,\nSucre, Amazonas, Miranda (estados priorizados\npara la respuesta 2022-2023), y T\u00e1chira y Barinas\n(estados estrat\u00e9gicos fronterizos y de tr\u00e1nsito), y\nAragua afectados por emergencias significativas\nasociadas a factores naturales.\n\n\nComo parte de la respuesta en Alojamiento,\nse completaron **156** construcciones y\nrehabilitaciones de espacios que proporcionan\nservicios esenciales a la poblaci\u00f3n. 45 de estas\nconstrucciones y rehabilitaciones tuvieron lugar en\nalojamientos individuales ubicados principalmente\nen comunidades ind\u00edgenas; 44 apoyaron\ninfraestructuras escolares; 33 se realizaron en\ncentros y espacios comunitarios; 20 en espacios\nde alojamiento temporales; 9 en centros de salud;\ny 5 en espacios gestionados por autoridades\ny otros espacios. Tambi\u00e9n se instalaron 34\nunidades de alojamiento de emergencia en\nescuelas, en espacios comunitarios y en espacios\nde coordinaci\u00f3n de las autoridades para la\natenci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n de desastres.\n\n\n8.459 personas ocuparon espacios de alojamiento\ntemporal manejados por las organizaciones socias\nen los estados T\u00e1chira, Apure, Zulia y Sucre, y\n253 personas se beneficiaron de capacitaciones\nsobre pr\u00e1cticas seguras de construcci\u00f3n para\ncontribuir a la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones\nen refugios en las comunidades de Zulia, y a la\npreparaci\u00f3n para desastres en T\u00e1chira y Miranda.\nEn cuanto a las intervenciones para mejorar el\nacceso a la Energ\u00eda, se instalaron 411 l\u00e1mparas\nsolares de calle para mitigar riesgos de protecci\u00f3n\n\n\n\nen comunidades, escuelas y centros comunitarios.\nSe instalaron 70 sistemas de generaci\u00f3n de\nenerg\u00eda en espacios gestionados por autoridades\npara la prevenci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n de desastres, en\nescuelas, centros comunitarios y hospitales para\nbeneficiar a la poblaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s. 81 personas\nrecibieron capacitaciones sobre energ\u00edas\nalternativas.\n\n\nEn cuanto al acceso a Enseres, **44.937 personas**\nse beneficiaron directamente. Se realizaron\n**270** distribuciones para espacios comunitarios,\nautoridades de coordinaci\u00f3n, refugios colectivos\ntemporales, escuelas y centros de salud\npara proporcionar servicios esenciales. Las\ndistribuciones incluyeron **5.746** kits de h\u00e1bitat,\n**2.948** kits para personas en movilidad, y **12.649**\nl\u00e1mparas solares port\u00e1tiles para mitigar los\nriesgos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn 15 estados y en el Distrito Capital, se realiz\u00f3\nla entrega de enseres b\u00e1sicos a personas\nafectadas por las lluvias, remociones en masa e\ninundaciones, beneficiando a **14.101 personas**\nnecesitadas. Los enseres incluyeron l\u00e1mparas\nsolares, kits de h\u00e1bitat, kits para personas en\nmovilidad, juegos de cocina, lonas de pl\u00e1stico\ny linternas, entre otros, tanto para la poblaci\u00f3n\nvulnerable afectada como para las instituciones.\nTambi\u00e9n se fortalecieron las capacidades de\nlas autoridades responsables de asistir frente a\ndesastres y emergencias, a trav\u00e9s de la dotaci\u00f3n e\ninstalaci\u00f3n de sistemas de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda\ny unidades habitacionales de emergencia.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Fortalecimiento de capacidades de las** **organizaciones socias**\n\nDurante 2023, gran parte de los esfuerzos del Cl\u00faster estuvieron enfocados en fortalecer las capacidades\nt\u00e9cnicas de las organizaciones. Alineados con la agenda global de localizaci\u00f3n y guiados por el principio de \u201ctan\nlocal como sea posible, tan internacional como sea necesario\u201d, se desarrollaron capacitaciones con un enfoque\nintersectorial con distintas tem\u00e1ticas.\n\n\nA trav\u00e9s de **12 capacitaciones se formaron a m\u00e1s de 320 participantes** de las organizaciones y a m\u00e1s de 65\nfuncionarios/as de instituciones del estado como Protecci\u00f3n Civil, Bomberos y de la COPREDIG.\n\n\n\n**Presupuestando proyectos de AEE.**\n**Dictado por:** Fundaci\u00f3n S4V\n**Modalidad:** Virtual\n**Duraci\u00f3n** : 2 horas acad\u00e9micas\n**Objetivo:** Ayudar a las organizaciones socias a\ndeterminar el presupuesto para los proyectos a ser\nincorporados en el HRP 2022-2023. El contenido\nincluy\u00f3 el proceso de la gesti\u00f3n de costos de\nun proyecto, determinar el presupuesto, l\u00edneas\npresupuestarias de acuerdo con el HPC.tools y un\nejercicio pr\u00e1ctico.\n\n\n_**\u201cExiste m\u00e1s claridad para la**_\n_**elaboraci\u00f3n de los presupuestos**_\n_**sobre los Proyectos de AEE HRP\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**Dise\u00f1o e instalaci\u00f3n de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos**\n**Dictado por** : Arca de No\u00e9\n**Modalidad:** Virtual y presencial en Caracas,\nMaracaibo y San Crist\u00f3bal\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 9 horas acad\u00e9micas virtuales y 5 horas\nacad\u00e9micas presenciales\n**Objetivo:** Proporcionar una comprensi\u00f3n de los\nconceptos fundamentales en sistemas solares\nfotovoltaicos a las organizaciones humanitarias.\nBrindar las bases necesarias para seleccionar en\nlas comunidades o \u00e1reas de influencia los sistemas\nsolares adecuados a los requerimientos de energ\u00eda\nparticulares.\n\n\n\n_**podremos ponerlo en pr\u00e1ctica**_\n_**instalando sistemas fotovoltaicos**_\n\n\n\n**Desalojos forzosos y leyes en materia de**\n**vivienda**\n**Dictado por:** Fundavivienda\n**Modalidad:** virtual y presencial en Caracas\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 2 horas\n**Objetivo:** Proporcionar los elementos para conocer\nel marco jur\u00eddico nacional e internacional en materia\nde desalojos forzosos, as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n se\u00f1alar\nlas leyes a nivel nacional que garantizan el derecho\na la vivienda.\n\n\n**Curso B\u00e1sico de Gerencia de Proyectos**\n**Dictado por:** Fundaci\u00f3n S4V\n**Modalidad:** virtual - asincr\u00f3nico\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 8 horas en videos, m\u00e1s el tiempo de\ndedicaci\u00f3n de cada participante\n**Objetivo** : Dar a conocer los fundamentos, las fases\ny procesos principales para dise\u00f1ar y gestionar\nproyectos humanitarios en Venezuela con base en\nlas mejores pr\u00e1cticas y est\u00e1ndares internacionales.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cCon el conocimiento adquirido**_\n\n\n\n**Taller sobre el Manual Esfera y Gesti\u00f3n de**\n**Riesgo**\n**Dictado por:** Punto Focal de Esfera en Venezuela\n**Modalidad:** Presencial en Caracas, Maracaibo y\nSan Crist\u00f3bal\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 16 horas acad\u00e9micas\n**Objetivo:** Fortalecer las capacidades t\u00e9cnicas de\norganizaciones humanitarias, con el fin de que\nimplementen y pongan en pr\u00e1ctica el Manual Esfera\n2018 como una herramienta que permita ejecutar\nla acci\u00f3n humanitaria de manera eficaz y eficiente\nencaminada a mejorar la calidad y la rendici\u00f3n de\ncuentas en las intervenciones humanitarias en las\ncomunidades locales.\n\n\n_**\u201cMe gust\u00f3 la forma en como el**_\n_**taller era respaldado por ejemplo**_\n_**de situaciones reales y eso le daba**_\n\n_**mayor contexto.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**en espacios rurales sin acceso a**_\n\n\n\n_**electricidad\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cEs importante intercambiar**_\n_**experiencias, pero sobre todo tener**_\n\n\n\n_**claro a donde remitirnos cuando**_\n_**tenemos dudas sobre la normativa**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cUn curso muy bien planificado,**_\n\n_**muy completo, detallado y**_\n_**estructurado de forma muy**_\n_**eficiente. Felicitaciones y espero**_\n\n\n\n_**poder hacer m\u00e1s cursos como**_\n\n\n\n_**m\u00ednima en cada sector.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**\u00e9ste.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**18** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible**\n\n\n**Dictado por:** Fundaci\u00f3n Senderos FUNDASEN \u2013\n**Financiado por:** Cl\u00faster Global de Alojamiento y\ncon apoyo del ACNUR.\n**Modalidad:** Presencial\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 24 horas\n**Objetivo:** Fortalecer la capacidad de respuesta\nde actores humanitarios y la auto recuperaci\u00f3n de\ncomunidades rurales ante posibles emergencias\nproducto de desastres asociados a eventos\nnaturales, a trav\u00e9s de tecnolog\u00edas clim\u00e1ticamente\ninteligentes.\n\n\n\n**Gesti\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento Temporal**\n**para el Gobierno del Distrito Capital**\n\n\n**Dictado por:** OIM\n**Modalidad:** presencial\n**Duraci\u00f3n:** 8 horas\n**Objetivo:** Difundir los conceptos sobre la\ngesti\u00f3n de alojamientos, la terminolog\u00eda\npara soluciones duraderas para personas\ndesplazadas y las comunidades, explicar el papel\ny las responsabilidades de la administraci\u00f3n de\nalojamientos temporales, la coordinaci\u00f3n y la\ngesti\u00f3n del alojamiento y c\u00f3mo se comparten\ndurante las diferentes etapas de la vida del espacio\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Respuestas exitosas 2022\n\n\n\nSin duda, desde el establecimiento formal del\nCl\u00faster en 2019, la respuesta, las capacidades y\nel tipo de programas e intervenciones de las organizaciones se han fortalecido. Durante 2022, en\nun contexto posterior a la emergencia COVID-19,\ncon diversas dificultades de acceso, financieras y\nlog\u00edsticas, los socios desarrollaron programas exitosos y alcanzaron a comunidades vulnerables en\nzonas remotas y aisladas.\n\n\nAl cierre del 2022, m\u00e1s de 44 organizaciones\nconforman el foro de coordinaci\u00f3n, incluyendo 28\norganizaciones locales, 9 organizaciones internacionales, 4 Agencias del Sistema de Naciones\nUnidas, 2 instituciones de la academia y el Comit\u00e9\nInternacional de la Cruz Roja como miembro obser\n\n\nvador. Los cl\u00fasteres subnacionales en T\u00e1chira\ny Zulia han sido claveS para promover la participaci\u00f3n y la importancia del foro de coordinaci\u00f3n a\nnivel de terreno.\n\n\nA continuaci\u00f3n, queremos resaltar el trabajo de\nnuestros socios que son el pilar de la asistencia que\nse brinda a las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables, por lo\nque se presentan algunos proyectos exitosos que\nilustran el impacto y la variedad de la respuesta.\nLos mandatos, objetivos y la naturaleza de cada\norganizaci\u00f3n generan gran diversidad de intervenciones en alojamiento, energ\u00eda y enseres.\n\n\n\n**O.E.** **APOYAR LA IMPLEMENTACI\u00d3N DE ACTIVIDADES DE LOS SOCIOS**\n\n\n\n**Coordinaci\u00f3n**\n\n\n\n**Incidencia**\n\n\n\n**Respuesta basada**\n\n**en la evidencia**\n\n\n\n**Capacidades**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MEJORANDO LOS ESPACIOS**\n**EDUCATIVOS**\n\n\n##### _Programa ELIPSE:_ _Empoderamiento de_ _liderazgos comunitarios_ _para la promoci\u00f3n de la_ _construcci\u00f3n segura._\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nACNUR como organizaci\u00f3n l\u00edder\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nZulia, comunidades de Marichen I, municipio\nLa Guajira. Villa Bolivariana I, municipio Mara\ny Campo Atalaya, municipio Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda\nSemprun\n\n\n**\u2022** Conformaci\u00f3n y fortalecimiento de\ncapacidades de dos comit\u00e9s de riesgo\ncomunitario.\n\n**\u2022** Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la Escuela de Marichen I\n\n\n**PREVENCI\u00d3N DE RIESGOS**\n**COMUNITARIOS**\n\n\nCon el prop\u00f3sito de aumentar la resiliencia ante\nlos desastres relacionados con el clima, se trabaj\u00f3\njunto a los habitantes de las comunidades de\nZulia en la conformaci\u00f3n y fortalecimiento de\ncapacidades de dos comit\u00e9s para la gesti\u00f3n de\nriesgos en las comunidades de Villa Bolivariana 1,\nMunicipio Mara y Marichen I, Municipio Guajira y\nCampo Atalaya, municipio Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda Semprun.\nEste proyecto permiti\u00f3 desarrollar una preparaci\u00f3n\nfrente a riesgos, fortaleciendo sus capacidades\nde prevenci\u00f3n, reforzando sus conocimientos en\ncapacitaciones de construcci\u00f3n segura.\n\n\n\n_**la rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la escuela,**_\n_**aument\u00f3 la matr\u00edcula de 98 a 179**_\n\n_**y va aumentando, todav\u00eda hay**_\n_**muchos ni\u00f1os por inscribirse de**_\n\n\n##### _Programa de intervenciones_ _multisectoriales orientadas_ _al fortalecimiento_ _de capacidades en_ _comunidades ind\u00edgenas_ _pertenecientes a etnias_ _Wayuu, Pem\u00f3n, Waraos,_ _Jivi y E\u2019\u00f1epa de los estados_ _Zulia, Delta Amacuro y_ _Bol\u00edvar._\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO:**\nFondo Humanitario Venezuela\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nZulia, comunidades de Marichen 1, M\u00e9danos\ndel Olvido y Wuichepe, Municipio la Guajira.\nBol\u00edvar, comunidad Santa Mar\u00eda del Wonken,\nMunicipio Gran Sabana\n\n\n**\u2022** 8 capacitaciones de construcci\u00f3n segura en\nM\u00e9danos del Olvido y Wuichepe (Zulia)\n\n**\u2022** Instalaci\u00f3n de un sistema fotovoltaico\ncompuesta de 280 luminarias internas y\nexternas en viviendas y centros comunitarios\nde Bol\u00edvar y Zulia.\n\n**\u2022** 20 rehabilitaciones de viviendas y la\nampliaci\u00f3n de cinco viviendas.\n\n\n**FORMACI\u00d3N PARA LAS**\n**COMUNIDADES EN CONSTRUCCI\u00d3N**\n**SEGURA**\n\n\nSe realizaron ocho actividades de formaci\u00f3n\nenfocadas en fortalecer las capacidades de las\n\n\n\ncomunidades ind\u00edgenas de Marichen 1, M\u00e9danos del\nOlvido y Wuichepe en construcci\u00f3n y seguridad. Se\ngeneraron din\u00e1micas comunitarias para formar en\nlos elementos necesarios para una vivienda segura\ncomo los materiales, las herramientas necesarias,\nlas condiciones del terreno y la importancia de\nun equipo de trabajo para llevar a cabo una\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n - construcci\u00f3n. Durante estas\ncapacitaciones participaron m\u00e1s de 200 habitantes\nde las tres comunidades.\n\n\n**MEJORANDO LA ILUMINACI\u00d3N**\n**EN CENTROS COMUNITARIOS Y**\n**VIVIENDAS**\n\n\nSe realiz\u00f3 la instalaci\u00f3n de sistemas fotovoltaicos\ncompuestos por 200 paneles solares, los cuales\nfueron instalados con el apoyo del equipo de\nespecialistas en Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres,\nvoluntarios de TECHO y los habitantes de las\ncomunidades de Zulia. La instalaci\u00f3n de estas\nluminarias benefici\u00f3 a 34 viviendas, mitigando los\nriesgos de protecci\u00f3n asociados con la ausencia de\niluminaci\u00f3n de estos espacios comunes.\n\n\nSe instalaron 80 paneles en espacios comunitarios\ndel estado Bol\u00edvar, espec\u00edficamente en la comunidad\nSanta Mar\u00eda de Wonken, Municipio Gran Sabana,\ndonde tambi\u00e9n se cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de voluntarios\nde la organizaci\u00f3n y los habitantes.\n\n\n**MEJORANDO LAS CONDICIONES DE**\n**VIVIENDA**\nEn las comunidades de Zulia se realiz\u00f3 la\nrehabilitaci\u00f3n de 20 techos de viviendas, los\ncuales se encontraban muy deteriorados. Con\nla participaci\u00f3n activa de los beneficiarios se\ninstalaron techos de poliestireno expandido.\n\n\n\n**Marichen 1**\n\n\n\nGracias al trabajo conjunto entre voluntarios\ny habitantes de la comunidad de Marichen\nI, municipio Guajira, se logr\u00f3 rehabilitar la\ninfraestructura de su escuela primaria.\nEsta intervenci\u00f3n consisti\u00f3 en el mejoramiento de\ndos salones de clases, una oficina administrativa,\ncomedor y espacios de servicio, sistema de red\nde aguas servidas/residuales, y el espacio com\u00fan\ntechado (enramada) que sirve para el desarrollo\nde las actividades escolares y comunitarias.\n\n\nLuego de este proyecto, hubo un aumento en la\nmatr\u00edcula de 98 a 179 ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as pertenecientes\na ocho comunidades ind\u00edgenas.\n\n\n\n_**diferentes comunidades\u201d**_\n**Coordinadora encargada de la Escuela de**\n\n\n\n_**\u201cLo m\u00e1s importante para m\u00ed son**_\n\n\n\n_**las capacitaciones que hemos**_\n\n\n\n_**recibido a trav\u00e9s de TECHO**_\n_**sobre liderazgo y construcci\u00f3n**_\n_**segura, porque a veces tenemos**_\n_**herramientas en nuestras manos y**_\n\n\n\n_**no sabemos utilizarlas, y a trav\u00e9s**_\n\n_**de las capacitaciones hemos**_\n_**aprendido a utilizar los materiales**_\n\n\n\n_**que tenemos en nuestra**_\n\n\n\n_**comunidad\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**L\u00edder comunitaria y docente de la comunidad**\n\n**de Marich\u00e9n 1**\n\n\n\n_**\u201cGracias al apoyo de TECHO en**_\n\n\n\n**24** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **25**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Fundaci\u00f3n vivienda** **Popular**\n\n**FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO**\nACNUR como organizaci\u00f3n l\u00edder\n\n\n**LOCALIZACI\u00d3N:**\nDistrito Capital y Estado Miranda\n\n\n**CONSTRUCCI\u00d3N DEL CENTRO DE**\n**SALUD LA VEGA EN LA ESCUELA**\n**ANDY APARICIO, MUNICIPIO**\n**LIBERTADOR DISTRITO CAPITAL**\n\n\n- Construcci\u00f3n del Centro de Salud (infraestruc\ntura, estructura, techo, cerramientos, acaba\ndos)\n\n- Incorporaci\u00f3n de las instalaciones el\u00e9ctricas,\nincluyendo accesorios y l\u00e1mparas LED.\n\n- Instalaci\u00f3n de dos aires acondicionados.\n\n- Colocaci\u00f3n de mobiliario e implementos m\u00e9dicos para contribuir con su equipamiento.\n\n\nMediante la realizaci\u00f3n de este proyecto la\nComunidad de La Vega y la Escuela Fe y Alegr\u00eda\n\u201cAndy Aparicio\u201d tienen a su disponibilidad un espacio\nque les ayuda a mejorar su acceso a la atenci\u00f3n de\n\n\n\n**REHABILITACI\u00d3N DEL INSTITUTO**\n**MUNICIPAL** **DE** **LA** **MUJER** **Y**\n**EQUIDAD DE G\u00c9NERO**\n\n\n- Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de espacio y construccion de\nba\u00f1os\n\n- Refacci\u00f3n del sistema Electrico\n\n- Instalacion de oficina y ba\u00f1os\n\n- Instalaci\u00f3n de 6 postes solares y dos reflec\ntores solares\n\n\nLa intervenci\u00f3n de este espacio tiene el prop\u00f3sito\nde consolidar un espacio de atenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n\npara personas vulneradas que contribuye a reducir las desigualdades de trato y oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres. El espacio cumplir\u00e1 con\nel prop\u00f3sito de la capacitaci\u00f3n principalmente de\nni\u00f1as y mujeres, impulsando con ello su derecho a\nla educaci\u00f3n. En \u00e9l se promover\u00e1n capacitaciones\ny formaciones que mitiguen los riesgos y adem\u00e1s\nbrindar la atenci\u00f3n necesaria y oportuna a los casos de violencia de g\u00e9nero que se presentan es\nesta comunidad. Se trata de un espacio de protecci\u00f3n que beneficia a una poblaci\u00f3n estimada de\n21.228 beneficiarios mes _._\n\n\n\nsalud primaria, servicios de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial y\njornadas de salud. El m\u00f3dulo de salud\nconsta de tres consultorios, recepci\u00f3n, \u00e1rea de\nespera y dos ba\u00f1os acondicionados para el uso de\npersonas con discapacidad de una superficie de\n55m2.\nEste trabajo contribuye a disminuir los problemas\nde mortalidad y morbilidad m\u00e1s prevalentes en\npoblaciones de bajos recursos, e incorpora el\nconcepto de satisfacci\u00f3n de las necesidades\ncomunitarias y la posibilidad de brindar soluci\u00f3n de\nsus problemas. el dise\u00f1o de este proyecto prioriza\na las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables y en riesgo, para\nuna poblaci\u00f3n estimada de 1.320 personas.\n\n\nEn la parte externa y circundante se contempl\u00f3 la\nconstrucci\u00f3n de una rampa en el acceso principal\nadaptada a personas con discapacidad motora,\nas\u00ed como la instalaci\u00f3n de postes solares para la\niluminaci\u00f3n del espacio perimetral, contribuyendo a\ncrear un espacio m\u00e1s seguro y a que la comunidad\nse beneficie de las instalaciones en horas de la\nnoche.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cEl equipo t\u00e9cnico logr\u00f3 recoger**_\n_**en la obra la opini\u00f3n de todos los**_\n_**que participaron en las reuniones**_\n_**previas (personal m\u00e9dico, docente**_\n\n\n\n_**y comunidad), adem\u00e1s de que la**_\n\n\n\n**CONSTRUCCI\u00d3N DE M\u00d3DULOS DE**\n**BA\u00d1OS Y REHABILITACI\u00d3N \u00c1REA**\n**DEPORTIVA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE**\n**EL INGENIO, MUNICIPIO ZAMORA DEL**\n##### ESTADO MIRANDA .\n\n- Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del espacio deportivo\n\n- Construcci\u00f3n de oficina y ba\u00f1os\n\n- Instalaci\u00f3n de 6 postes solares\n\n\nLa intervenci\u00f3n de este espacio comunitario,\nrealizada con la participaci\u00f3n de la comunidad, se\nrealiz\u00f3 con el prop\u00f3sito incentivar en ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as,\nadolescentes y j\u00f3venes de los sectores aleda\u00f1os\nel desarrollo de pr\u00e1cticas deportivas organizadas\ny sostenibles que fortalezcan la vida sana, la\nconvivencia y la inclusi\u00f3n de personas en condici\u00f3n\nde discapacidad, impulsando la transformaci\u00f3n\nsocial y la paz de la poblaci\u00f3n. Es un espacio de\nprotecci\u00f3n donde convergen tres comunidades\nbeneficiando a m\u00e1s de 2.000 personas, y que\npermite eliminar las barreras culturales y sociales, y\nfomenta la interiorizaci\u00f3n y manifestaci\u00f3n de valores\ncomo el respeto, la solidaridad, la honestidad, la\ntolerancia y la equidad mejorando el entorno social\nde las comunidades apuntando al bienestar com\u00fan.\n\n\n_**\u201cEstos espacios deportivos**_\n_**son una bendici\u00f3n, no todas**_\n_**las comunidades pueden tener**_\n\n_**espacios as\u00ed\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**calidad y amplitud del espacio**_\n_**permitir\u00e1 aumentar los servicios de**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cQuiero compartir mi amor por el**_\n_**f\u00fatbol, al mismo tiempo que hago**_\n\n\n\n_**salud que prestamos a la comuni-**_\n\n\n\n_**dad\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**una contribuci\u00f3n significativa**_\n_**a la comunidad que nos dio la**_\n\n\n\n_**bienvenida a mi madre y a m\u00ed**_\n_**cuando m\u00e1s lo necesit\u00e1bamos.**_\n_**Es por eso que entreno a ni\u00f1os y**_\n\n\n\n_**ni\u00f1as.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**26** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **27**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Alto Comisionado** **de las Naciones** **Unidas para** **los Refugiados** **(ACNUR)**\n\n##### _Construcci\u00f3n del_ _Ambulatorio San Jos\u00e9 de_ _Wara, Poblacion Santa_ _Elena de Uair\u00e9n, estado_ _Bol\u00edvar_\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de Centro de Salud\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n de enseres, material de oficina y\nequipos m\u00e9dicos\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n e instalaci\u00f3n de postes solares de\nalumbrado p\u00fablico\n\n\nGracias al financiamiento del ACNUR, al apoyo de\nOIM, de la Alcald\u00eda del municipio Gran Sabana, al\ntrabajo y coordinaci\u00f3n de la capitan\u00eda de San Jos\u00e9\nde Wara se construy\u00f3 el Ambulatorio Tipo II, que\ncuenta con servicios m\u00e9dicos generales, pediatr\u00eda,\nginecolog\u00eda, cuartos de recuperaci\u00f3n, entre otros,\nlos cuales permiten brindar una asistencia m\u00e9dica\ninmediata en condiciones dignas y con la atenci\u00f3n\nde profesionales de salud originarios de la comunidad.\n\n\n\nEl Capit\u00e1n Ronny Castro lider\u00f3 el proyecto y coordin\u00f3 con las agencias e instituciones la construcci\u00f3n de la infraestructura, y resalt\u00f3 que fue un gran\nlogro en su comunidad, debido a que no contaban\ncon espacio y por ende atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica. Coment\u00f3\nque no solo se beneficiaran las comunidades ind\u00edgenas adyacentes, sino tambi\u00e9n a las personas\nque transiten por esta v\u00eda, ya que esta es la primera comunidad que se encuentra al ingresar al\npoblado fronterizo de Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n.\n\n\nLa Se\u00f1ora Nohelia, miembro de la comunidad San\nJos\u00e9 de Wara, expres\u00f3 que se siente agradecida,\ncontenta y tomada en cuenta por la apertura de\neste ambulatorio.\n\n\n##### _Reflectores Solares en el_ _Estado Amazonas_\n\nSe donaron 200 reflectores solares para alumbrar\npuntos estrat\u00e9gicos de comunidades ind\u00edgenas fluviales de dif\u00edcil acceso en el estado Amazonas, con\nel fin de mitigar riesgos de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa ubicaci\u00f3n de estos postes y reflectores se realiz\u00f3 de una manera estrat\u00e9gica y fue decidida en\nconjunto con las autoridades locales y las estructuras comunitarias. Para mitigar riesgos asociados\ncon el abuso sexual, la explotaci\u00f3n y la agresi\u00f3n\nf\u00edsica, algunos de ellos se instalaron en lugares\nde alta movilidad y otros se ubicaron cerca de las\nfuentes de recolecci\u00f3n de agua, caminos hacia los\nba\u00f1os o letrinas, donde las personas se expon\u00edan\na picaduras de serpientes y animales salvajes en\nla oscuridad, as\u00ed como en espacios usados en las\nnoches como canchas deportivas y plazas.\n\n\nPara asegurar el enfoque de Edad, G\u00e9nero y Diversidad, se instalaron postes y reflectores en espacios que permiten mejorar las condiciones de acceso\ny protecci\u00f3n de personas con discapacidad, adultos mayores, mujeres y ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes\nbajo un estricto criterio de inclusi\u00f3n.\n\n\nACNUR, como agencia l\u00edder del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres, busca promover fuentes\nlimpias, renovables y fiables de energ\u00eda.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cACNUR nos visita el d\u00eda de**_\n_**hoy, tray\u00e9ndonos alumbrado**_\n_**para postes p\u00fablicos. Son 200**_\n_**reflectores que benefician a las**_\n_**diferentes comunidades de la zona.**_\n\n\n\n_**Es un mensaje bonito e importante**_\n\n\n\n_**sobre energ\u00edas renovables\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**L\u00edder comunitario ind\u00edgena**\n\n\n\n**28** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **29**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Fundaci\u00f3n** **Voces Libres**\n\n##### _Ecoescuela con Prop\u00f3sito_ _en Delta del Orinoco_\n\n\n**\u2022** Construcci\u00f3n de 4 m\u00f3dulos de la sede comunitaria de Ecoescuelas con Prop\u00f3sito\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n de herramientas de construcci\u00f3n y\nagricultura, alimentos, ropa, cobijas, enseres\nde higiene, art\u00edculos escolares y juguetes, entre otros.\n\n\nEcoescuelas con Prop\u00f3sito fue desarrollada con\nun voluntariado de profesionales que ha trabajado\nen equipo con las comunidades ind\u00edgenas beneficiarias desde el a\u00f1o 2016.\n\n\nEn enero del a\u00f1o 2022 se inicia la construcci\u00f3n de\nlos primeros m\u00f3dulos destinados a la formaci\u00f3n,\nque se ven\u00eda realizando en un \u00e1rea com\u00fan desde\nel a\u00f1o 2019.\n\n\nSe trata de una construcci\u00f3n ecoamigable ubicada en el bajo Delta del Orinoco, donde convergen\nespacios formativos de triple impacto (educativo,\nambiental y econ\u00f3mico) y a futuro se prev\u00e9n actividades ecotur\u00edsticas como una v\u00eda de impulso\necon\u00f3mico para sus habitantes.\n\n\n\nSus instalaciones han sido construidas por los ind\u00edgenas beneficiarios utilizando materia prima de\nsu entorno. Para la construcci\u00f3n de la estructura\nde columnas, pisos y techos se realizaron cortes\nde distintos tipos de madera (mangle, carapo,\ncachicamo y temiche). El techado se hizo con la\npalma de temiche utilizando como amarre la fibra\nde mamure y haciendo cerramientos de paredes\ncon el tejido realizado por las artesanas quienes\ncombinaron fibra de tirite y moriche. Se planea el\nuso de energ\u00edas amigables, luz y ventilaci\u00f3n natural, donde se pueda sanear el agua que consumen\ny que en la actualidad por sus efectos contaminantes est\u00e1 ocasionando enfermedades gastrointestinales y dermatol\u00f3gicas sobre todo a los ni\u00f1os\nind\u00edgenas Warao.\n\n\nEl principal objetivo de Ecoescuelas con Prop\u00f3sito es mitigar la pobreza a trav\u00e9s de un plan de\nformaci\u00f3n de triple impacto (social, econ\u00f3mico y\nambiental) centrado en el desarrollo sostenible,\nconstruyendo sedes en lugares remotos de Venezuela, donde ni\u00f1os, j\u00f3venes y adultos puedan\ndesarrollar habilidades para una vida productiva y\ncon sentido de prop\u00f3sito.\n\n\nDurante el a\u00f1o 2022 con apoyo de voluntariado\ny aliados privados se entregaron a cientos de familias ind\u00edgenas art\u00edculos de primera necesidad,\nescolares y recreativos, herramientas para la agricultura, semillas y suministros de higiene y alimentaci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, se inici\u00f3 la comercializaci\u00f3n\na mayor escala de las artesan\u00edas elaboradas por\nlas mujeres ind\u00edgenas como una forma de ingreso econ\u00f3mico, promoviendo as\u00ed el trabajo digno\ncomo un medio de sustento.\n\n\nSe plantea que para el a\u00f1o 2023 se realicen las\ninstalaciones fotovoltaicas de esta primera sede\n\n\n\ny se contin\u00fae con su construcci\u00f3n con disponibilidad de recursos financieros que respondan a las\nnecesidades inmediatas de m\u00e1s de 500 personas\nbeneficiarias del proyecto.\n\n\n\n**30** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **31**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Fundaci\u00f3n** **Senderos**\n\n##### _Biochar y Energ\u00eda para_ _el secuestro de carbono_ _en suelos de comunidades_ _rurales de M\u00e9rida_\n\n\n**\u2022** Adecuaci\u00f3n de infraestructura del Centro\nComunitario Casa la Lumbre\n\n**\u2022** Instalaci\u00f3n de estufas microgasificadoras\npara familias en necesidad\n\n**\u2022** Capacitaci\u00f3n en materia en energ\u00edas\nrenovables\n\n\nDesde el a\u00f1o 2015, la autogesti\u00f3n y las pr\u00e1cticas\nconstructivas locales permitieron edificar el\ncentro comunitario Casa La Lumbre, sede de\nla Fundaci\u00f3n Senderos en la Mucuy, M\u00e9rida.\n\n\nGracias al aporte del Programa de Peque\u00f1as\nDonaciones de Venezuela (FMAM/PNUD),\ndurante el a\u00f1o 2022, se logr\u00f3 adecuar a\nnivel de revestimientos e infraestructura la\nsede como centro de buenas pr\u00e1cticas para\nel desarrollo del H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible.\n\n\nEste proyecto plantea una soluci\u00f3n al manejo\nde residuos agr\u00edcolas y forestales para\ntransformarlos en Biochar y Energ\u00eda, logrando\nen los primeros siete meses de implementaci\u00f3n:\n\n\n**\u2022** Manejar m\u00e1s de 2.000kg de residuos agr\u00edcolas y forestales para producir unos 400kg de\nBiocarb\u00f3n que han permitido secuestrar un\naproximado de 1 tonelada de CO2 en suelos\n\n\n\nde la comunidad.\n\n\n**\u2022** Instalar seis estufas microgasificadoras FABstove para familias en necesidad. Actualmente el proyecto est\u00e1 colectando los datos\nrelevantes sobre la adaptaci\u00f3n de los usuarios en una potencial estrategia de escalamiento.\n\n\n**\u2022** Sensibilizar y brindar formaci\u00f3n ambiental\npara m\u00e1s de veinte familias de La Mucuy.\n\n**\u2022** Generar alianza con la ONG Acci\u00f3n Campesina, en el municipio Santos Marquina, para facilitar herramientas, semillas y log\u00edstica para\nla adopci\u00f3n de la agricultura regenerativa en\nla Mucuy Alta.\n\n\n**\u2022** Aportar valor a las actividades comunitarias\nque se desarrollan en torno a la siembra del\ncaf\u00e9 con t\u00e9cnicas agroecol\u00f3gicas, beneficiando a m\u00e1s de diez familias agricultoras con la\nproducci\u00f3n de abonos org\u00e1nicos.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cNo hay nada m\u00e1s bello y hermoso**_\n\n\n\n_**que vivir en una casa construida**_\n_**con tapia, porque es una vivienda**_\n_**muy alentada, que nos da frescura**_\n\n\n\n_**de d\u00eda y calor de noche. Y en el**_\n_**tema de nutrir los suelos con el**_\n_**biocarb\u00f3n y los nuevos abonos**_\n_**org\u00e1nicos, me parece maravilloso**_\n\n_**porque es igual a la sabidur\u00eda de**_\n_**anta\u00f1o, para producir matas para**_\n_**que haya comida sana. Imag\u00ednese**_\n\n\n\n_**usted: \u00a1el biocarb\u00f3n me pareci\u00f3**_\n\n\n\n_**algo maravilloso!\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**Partera y Agricultora local**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ATENCI\u00d3N EN CENTROS DE**\n**ALOJAMIENTO TEMPORAL,**\n**PUNTOS M\u00d3VILES E**\n**INTERVENCI\u00d3N EN**\n**COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES**\n**EN DISTRITO CAPITAL Y MIRANDA**\n\n\n**\u2022** Entrega de enseres en Espacios de\nAlojamiento Temporal en Car\u00fapano y G\u00fciria\n\n**\u2022** Ocupaci\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal ofreciendo pernocta a personas en\nmovilidad\n\n**\u2022** Atenci\u00f3n integral a las personas en movilidad\n(alimentaci\u00f3n, kits de higiene, atenci\u00f3n\npsicosocial, sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre prevenci\u00f3n\ne identificaci\u00f3n de trata de personas)\n\n\nEste proyecto brinda asistencia con alimentaci\u00f3n\nen los puntos m\u00f3viles y Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal, en comunidades aleda\u00f1as a sitios\nestrat\u00e9gicos y de frontera, alcanzando a 4.882\npersonas. En estos espacios se realizan entrega\nde enseres, se brinda hospedaje, se ofrece apoyo\npsicosocial e informaci\u00f3n sobre prevenci\u00f3n de la\nTrata de Personas y otros riesgos en general.\n\n\n\n**RESPUESTA HUMANITARIA PARA**\n**SOBREVIVIENTES DE VIOLENCIA**\n**BASADA EN G\u00c9NERO EN EL**\n**ESTADO T\u00c1CHIRA**\n\n\n**\u2022** Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de Espacio de Alojamiento\nTemporal\n\n**\u2022** Ocupaci\u00f3n de Espacios de Alojamiento\nTemporal\n\n\nEl Espacio de Alojamiento Temporal es uno de\nlos primeros establecidos en el pa\u00eds. Fue creado\nen 2018 para brindar estad\u00eda a los migrantes y\nretornados venezolanos que transitan las fronteras\nen b\u00fasqueda de atenci\u00f3n y servicios. Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1\ndestinado a mujeres sobrevivientes de VbG, NNA\nno acompa\u00f1ados o separados, v\u00edctimas de trata\nde personas y tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes. En este\nlugar se trabaja en estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n con los\n\u00f3rganos de justicia y seguridad ciudadana para el\nrestablecimiento de sus derechos fundamentales.\n\n\n\n_**\u201cEl retorno desde Trinidad y**_\n_**Tobago fue un viaje terrible, (...)**_\n\n\n\nDurante la intervenci\u00f3n, la tercera que se realiza\nen el espacio de alojamiento desde su apertura,\nse remodel\u00f3 el \u00e1rea de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial, un\n\u00e1rea de 52 m2, incluyendo la remodelaci\u00f3n de\npiso, techos, paredes, sistema de electricidad e\niluminaci\u00f3n, instalaci\u00f3n de puertas y ventanas,\nmejoramiento de fachada. Con estas mejoras se\nlograr atender a 750 en promedio al mes.\n\n\n\n_**Me vine a todo riesgo, s\u00f3lo me**_\n_**importaba llegar a casa y estar con**_\n\n\n\n_**mi familia**_\n_**(...) agradezco la presencia de**_\n_**las organizaciones OIM y ACNUR**_\n\n\n\n_**por haberme brindado recursos**_\n\n\n\n_**para obtener alimentaci\u00f3n (...)**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201cMe llamo Maria, regreso a**_\n_**Venezuela, luego de una situaci\u00f3n**_\n\n\n\n_**Considero que el trabajo que**_\n_**realizan es muy valioso, ayudando**_\n\n\n\nDiesel de 350 kVA, para mantener la operaci\u00f3n\ncontinua, en las \u00e1reas de emergencia, trauma\nshock, sala Covid-19, parte administrativa y el\nambulatorio Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, que se encuentra al\nlado de este hospital, ambos ofrecen servicio a\ntoda la poblaci\u00f3n de Amazonas, con una afluencia\nimportante de personas.\n\nEn el mes de agosto se iniciaron las adecuaciones\nciviles y el\u00e9ctricas, bajo el c\u00f3digo el\u00e9ctrico\nnacional y las normas Covenin-Fondonorma para\nconstrucci\u00f3n. Se construy\u00f3 un espacio amplio para\ngarantizar la seguridad de los equipos donados y\nse procedi\u00f3 a elevar los transformadores que se\nencontraban sobre el piso, con el fin de disminuir\nlos riesgos a la integridad f\u00edsica del personal.\n\nEl hospital no contaba con una planta el\u00e9ctrica\npropia, lo que preocupaba a las autoridades del\nhospital Dr. Jos\u00e9 Gregorio Hern\u00e1ndez por los\nriesgos que conlleva para los pacientes y no\npoder prestarles la atenci\u00f3n inmediata. Con esta\ninstalaci\u00f3n se sirve a los 7 municipios del estado\nAmazonas ya que es el \u00fanico hospital funcional\ncon el que se dispone.\n\n\n\n_**a much\u00edsimos venezolanos que lo**_\n\n\n\n_**me agred\u00eda constantemente**_\n_**(...) me atendieron muy bien,**_\n_**nos brindaron alimentaci\u00f3n y**_\n_**art\u00edculos de higiene personal, tuve**_\n\n_**la oportunidad de descansar y**_\n_**sentirme segura, tuve el tiempo de**_\n\n\n\n_**muy dif\u00edcil con mi pareja, quien**_\n\n\n\n_**necesitan.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**ASISTENCIA DE EMERGENCIA**\n**PARA POBLACIONES**\n**VULNERABLES EN EL ESTADO**\n**AMAZONAS**\n\n\n**\u2022** Dotaci\u00f3n e Instalaci\u00f3n de generadores\nel\u00e9ctricos para servicios cr\u00edticos de salud\n\n\nLa Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las\nMigraciones OIM entreg\u00f3 al Hospital Dr. Jos\u00e9\nGregorio Hern\u00e1ndez un generador el\u00e9ctrico a\n\n\n\n_**conversar con la psic\u00f3loga sobre**_\n\n\n\n_**mi estado emocional, tengo un**_\n_**prop\u00f3sito en mi vida y es por mi**_\n\n\n\n_**hija\u201d**_\n\n\n\n_**\u201c\u00bf\u2026que, c\u00f3mo me siento?**_\n_**pues, muy feliz, pues ya se**_\n\n\n\n_**nos quitar\u00e1 la zozobra de**_\n_**saber si tendr\u00edan electricidad**_\n\n\n\n_**los pacientes del hospital.\u201d**_\n\n\n\n**34** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **35**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Financiamiento**\n\nSi bien, en vista de las emergencias surgidas en\notras geograf\u00edas, 2022 fue un a\u00f1o de retos para\nla obtenci\u00f3n de recursos, se recibieron fondos\npara los proyectos a trav\u00e9s de varios donantes y\notros mecanismos de financiamiento, incluyendo\nel Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela y el CERF\n(Central Emergency Response Fund).\n\n\nA pesar de las dificultades globales para la\nobtenci\u00f3n de recursos, el financiamiento para\nel sector de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres se\nmantuvo muy similar al recibido durante 2021\ndonde el sector recibi\u00f3 US$ 7.1 lo que represent\u00f3\nun 15.7%. Para el a\u00f1o 2022, de acuerdo con los\nregistros del Financial Tracking Service, el monto\natribuido al sector fue de US$ 7.2 millones, lo que\nrepresenta el 13,4% de los fondos requeridos en\nel Plan de Respuesta (US$ 53,9 millones).\n\n\nEn 2022 las necesidades humanitarias m\u00e1s\nurgentes, especialmente en comunidades aisladas\ny rurales, contin\u00faaron sin ser atendidas. Los\nproyectos de organizaciones locales y nacionales\nfueron los m\u00e1s afectados por la falta de recursos\npor lo cual no se pudo asistir a un mayor n\u00famero\nde personas. Existieron esfuerzos importantes,\nprincipalmente a trav\u00e9s del Fondo Humanitario\nde Venezuela y alineados con la Agenda Global\nde Localizaci\u00f3n, de generar condiciones para el\nfinanciamiento de socios locales, sin embargo, la\nbrecha persiste.\n\n\nEn este sentido, como parte de las principales\nacciones de incidencia con los donantes, el\ncl\u00faster desarroll\u00f3 documentos para exponer los\n\n\n\nobjetivos, principales desaf\u00edos, necesidades\nfinancieras, resultados clave, as\u00ed como\ntestimonios de los beneficiarios de los proyectos\ncontando sus experiencias y evidenci\u00f3 el impacto\npositivo de las intervenciones en las condiciones\nde vida de las personas m\u00e1s vulnerables. De igual\nmanera, se desarroll\u00f3 material audiovisual para\nvisibilizar las necesidades y la respuesta en las\n\u00e1reas prioritarias como la energ\u00eda y la gesti\u00f3n de\nriesgos.\n\n### **FHV**\n\n\nSe realizaron dos asignaciones del Fondo\nHumanitario de Venezuela, canalizando recursos\ndirectamente a las organizaciones humanitarias\nen la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios vitales. En\ntotal, consider\u00e1ndose las dos asignaciones,\nse registraron US$ 877 mil para el sector de\nAlojamiento Energ\u00eda y Enseres en el Financial\nTracking Service. Las organizaciones con\nproyectos aprobados para financiamiento fueron\nAliadas en Cadena, Tinta Violeta, TECHO, CISP,\nCOOPI, HEKS, Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular y\nCESVI.\n\n\nLa primera estrategia de asignaci\u00f3n del Fondo\nHumanitario Venezolano para 2022 se estableci\u00f3\ncon un enfoque en: a) adolescentes y j\u00f3venes\nen situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad que requieran un\nproceso de reinserci\u00f3n al sistema educativo,\n\n\n\napoyo en la generaci\u00f3n de medios de vida y/o\nservicios de protecci\u00f3n, salud mental y salud\nsexual y reproductiva; y b) sobrevivientes de\ncualquier forma de violencia, incluyendo mujeres,\npersonas LGBTI, v\u00edctimas de trata con fines de\nexplotaci\u00f3n laboral y sexual, sobrevivientes de\nviolencia de g\u00e9nero, especialmente asociada a\nla movilidad humana; a trav\u00e9s de la provisi\u00f3n y\nfortalecimiento de servicios de protecci\u00f3n y/o\nsalud y la generaci\u00f3n de medios de vida. Las\norganizaciones socias presentaron un total de 21\nproyectos, de los cuales 7 tuvieron un componente\nde alojamiento, energ\u00eda y enseres.\n\n\nLa segunda asignaci\u00f3n del Fondo Humanitario\nVenezolano se realiz\u00f3 en noviembre por un total\nde 6 millones de d\u00f3lares. Se focaliz\u00f3 en los\nestados Amazonas, Apure y Sucre, para atender\nlas necesidades de la poblaci\u00f3n de la tercera\nedad, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes en riesgo y mujeres\nen edad reproductiva, con el fin de complementar\nla asignaci\u00f3n del CERF para 2022.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y enseres\nparticip\u00f3 en la revisi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica y t\u00e9cnica de\ndiez proyectos presentados con un componente\ndel sector; cuatro proyectos fueron priorizados\npara su financiaci\u00f3n.\n\n### **CERF**\n\n\nLa asignaci\u00f3n de fondos del CERF se realiz\u00f3 por\nUS$ 8 MM para beneficiar a 65,590 personas\n\n\n\nen los estados de Sucre, Amazonas y Apure\ncon intervenciones complementarias en Agua,\nSaneamiento e Higiene, Seguridad Alimentaria y\nMedios de Vida, y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva,\nas\u00ed como intervenciones intersectoriales en\nprotecci\u00f3n con enfoque en trata y tr\u00e1fico. Para\nel cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres, de\nacuerdo con el Financial Tracking Services, se\nrecibieron US $375,000 dirigidos al desarrollo de\nestrategias de alojamiento para mitigar los riesgos\nasociados con el tr\u00e1fico de personas.\n\n\n\n**36** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **37**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Retos y desafios para 2023**\n\n\n\nde energ\u00eda, con la finalizaci\u00f3n de acuerdos\ncon instancias del Estado, el desarrollo de\nforos y entrenamientos en aspectos t\u00e9cnicos,\nevaluaciones y levantamientos de informaci\u00f3n\nespec\u00edficos en temas de energ\u00eda, as\u00ed como\nsoportes t\u00e9cnicos especializados en esta materia\na trav\u00e9s de consultor\u00edas desarrolladas para tal fin.\n\n\nEn un escenario de limitados recursos disponibles\npara 2023, la priorizaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica, las\nintervenciones intersectoriales y la localizaci\u00f3n\nde las intervenciones son retos importantes.\nAdicionalmente, las intervenciones del sector\nvinculadas con el fortalecimiento institucional y la\nprovisi\u00f3n de acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos deben tener\nun enlace claro con el desarrollo, como previsto en\nel triple nexo. Los programas con un enfoque que\npromuevan el **impacto y sostenibilidad** de las\nintervenciones sobre las condiciones de vida de\nlas personas ser\u00e1n una prioridad.\n\n\nFinalmente, en vista de las tendencias identificadas\nde movilidad humana retornando a Venezuela, as\u00ed\ncomo de la necesidad de generar condiciones de\nvida y de **acceso a servicios que promuevan la**\n**reintegraci\u00f3n** y prevengan el desplazamiento, el\nCl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres y sus\norganizaciones socias, tienen el reto de identificar\n\n\n\nLa operaci\u00f3n del Cl\u00faster de Alojamiento,\nEnerg\u00eda y Enseres en una crisis como la de\nVenezuela, con amplias y complejas necesidades\nhumanitarias extendidas en un sector importante\nde la poblaci\u00f3n supone m\u00faltiples retos que se\npodr\u00edan resumir en: _preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta ante_\n_emergencias, disponibilidad y adecuaci\u00f3n de_\n_espacios de alojamiento temporal, fortalecimiento_\n_de la respuesta en energ\u00eda en zonas remotas,_\n_intervenciones con un enfoque de sostenibilidad_\n_relacionando el nexo entre lo humanitario y_\n_el desarrollo y programas de reintegraci\u00f3n de_\n_personas que retornan a Venezuela._\n\n\nA pesar de que en 2022 se realizaron avances\nimportante de la respuesta humanitaria ante\nsituaciones de emergencia por desastres,\ncomo la activaci\u00f3n de acciones coordinadas\nintersectoriales, el establecimiento de algunos\nplanes de contingencia regionales y locales,\nas\u00ed como las actividades para el fortalecimiento\nde las capacidades de las autoridades locales,\nsigue existiendo la necesidad de **fortalecer la**\n**preparaci\u00f3n y respuesta ante emergencias**\nde las organizaciones humanitarias y el trabajo\nconjunto con las autoridades nacionales y\nregionales pertinentes.\n\n\n\nEn vista de las necesidades relacionadas con los\n**limitados espacios de alojamiento temporal**\nexistentes para responder ante situaciones de\nemergencia donde m\u00e1s de 2.597 familias contin\u00faan\nalojadas a nivel nacional, as\u00ed como en el manejo\ny gesti\u00f3n de los espacios disponibles. En este\nsentido, se iniciaron capacitaciones conjuntas con\norganizaciones socias para fortalecer capacidades\nen esta materia de las autoridades competentes,\n\u00e1rea de trabajo que ser\u00e1 prioritaria en 2023.\n\n\nSe identifican condiciones extremas de severidad\npara el **acceso a fuentes seguras de energ\u00eda**\ncon impactos intersectoriales e implicaciones\nmedioambientales en zonas rurales y remotas.\nEstas condiciones afectan la continuidad de\nla prestaci\u00f3n en los servicios de salud que\nsalvan vidas, generan afecciones respiratorias y\nambientales asociadas con el uso masivo de le\u00f1a\npara cocinar, riesgos de violencia asociados con\nfalta de iluminaci\u00f3n de espacios, riesgos para la\nvida por conexiones improvisadas con cables de\nalta tensi\u00f3n, impactos en la cadena de fr\u00edo de\nlos alimentos, en las actividades educativas y de\nbombeo de agua.\n\n\nPara responder a estos importantes retos, en el\n2023, se prev\u00e9 fortalecer las acciones en materia\n\n\n\nzonas prioritarias para estas intervenciones, as\u00ed\ncomo involucrar a actores humanitarios, instancias\ndel Estado y del sector privado, para lograr un\nimpacto sobre los patrones de movilidad humana.\n\n\n\n**38** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **39**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Agradecimientos**\n\nEn 2022, gracias al esfuerzo conjunto de las\norganizaciones socias del cl\u00faster y a los donantes\ncuyos fondos permitieron cubrir las necesidades\ndel sector, se logr\u00f3 alcanzar el 14% del objetivo de\npersonas m\u00e1s vulnerables en materia de acceso\na fuentes de energ\u00eda segura, servicios b\u00e1sicos,\nalojamientos dignos y enseres b\u00e1sicos.\n\n\nLa brecha del financiamiento del sector sigue siendo\nimportante: en 2022 se logr\u00f3 cubrir \u00fanicamente\nel 13,4% de los fondos requeridos. Para el HRP\ndel 2023, 32 organizaciones asociadas (23 ONG\nlocales, 7 ONG internacionales y 2 agencias de\nla ONU) presentaron un total de 36 propuestas.\nActualmente se requiere un total de US$ 46,3\nmillones. De un total de 36 proyectos recibidos,\nnueve se centran en la prevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n y\nrespuesta ante desastres.\n\n\nEl cl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres\nseguir\u00e1 con su tarea de coordinar la respuesta\nhumanitaria y brindar apoyo a las personas m\u00e1s\nvulnerables y con mayor necesidad, logrando que\nlas contribuciones de nuestros donantes tengan\nun impacto en la vida de las personas.\n\n\n**\u00a1Gracias!**\n\n\nA nuestras Organizaciones Socias\n\n\nA las Organizaciones que conforman el\n\nGrupo Estrat\u00e9gico Consultivo\n\n\nA nuestros Donantes\n\n\nA ACNUR como Agencia l\u00edder del\nCl\u00faster de Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres\n\n\nA los Cl\u00fasteres de la arquitectura humanitaria en\nVenezuela que complementan nuestras acciones\n\n\nAl Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energ\u00eda\n\n\nAl Viceministerio del Poder Popular para la\n\nGesti\u00f3n del Riesgo y Protecci\u00f3n Civil\n\n\nAl Gobierno de Distrito Capital\n\n\nA las personas en las comunidades que son el\n\ncentro de todas nuestras acciones\n\n\n\n**Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **41**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Cr\u00e9ditos fotogr\u00e1ficos**\n\nPortada Vivienda de comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de la cuenca Tukuko,\nMachiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 2 y 3 Antes y despu\u00e9s, rehabilitaci\u00f3n de una vivienda en comunidad M\u00e9danos del Olvido,\nestado Zulia. \u00a9 TECHO 2022 / Harold Contreras\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 4 y 5 Habitantes realizando un prototipo de vivienda segura en la comunidad de Wuichepe,\nestado Zulia. \u00a9 TECHO 2022 / David Ochoa\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 6 Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de\nla cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 8 y 9 Vivienda durante la ampliaci\u00f3n (p\u00e1gina 8). Familia beneficiada junto a los voluntarios\ndurante la ampliaci\u00f3n (p\u00e1gina 9). Comunidad M\u00e9danos del Olvido, estado Zulia. \u00a9 TECHO\n2022 / Harold Contreras\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 10 Reuni\u00f3n sesi\u00f3n formativa del comit\u00e9 de riesgo en comunidad Wayuu Marichen I, estado\nZulia. \u00a9 TECHO 2022 / Fidel Guerrero\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 11 Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de\nla cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 12 Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de\nla cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 14 Taller en Gesti\u00f3n de Alojamiento Temporal junto con IOM. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Adriana Dur\u00e1n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 16 An\u00e1lisis de necesidades en Chichiriviche de la Costa, estado La Guaira. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022\n/ Adriana Dur\u00e1n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 18 Taller sobre dise\u00f1o e instalaci\u00f3n de paneles solares para organizaciones socias del\ncl\u00faster, Distrito Capital. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 19 Taller sobre Manual Esfera y gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de desastres, Caracas. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022\n/ Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 20 Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible, estado M\u00e9rida. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Adriana Dur\u00e1n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 21 (Superior) Taller en Gesti\u00f3n de Alojamiento Temporal junto con IOM. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 /\nAdriana Dur\u00e1n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 21 (Inferior) Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible, estado M\u00e9rida. \u00a9 FUNDASEN 2022 / Jayme\nBautista\n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 22 y 23 Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de\nla cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 24 y 25 An\u00e1lisis de proyectos de infraestructura y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de escuela en la comunidad\nWuichepe, estado Zulia. \u00a9 TECHO 2022 / Ana Zavala\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 26 y 27 Construcci\u00f3n Centro de Salud La Vega, Distrito Capital (p\u00e1gina 26). (Superior)\nRehabilitaci\u00f3n de Instituto Municipal de la Mujer, Mamporal, estado Miranda (p\u00e1gina 27).\n(Inferior) Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de cancha deportiva Flores de El Ingenio, estado Miranda (p\u00e1gina\n27). \u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Vivienda Popular 2022\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 28 Construcci\u00f3n de Ambulatorio San Jos\u00e9 de Wara, Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n, estado Bol\u00edvar.\n\u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Kelvin Tossaint y Rina Castro\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 29 Instalaci\u00f3n de postes y reflectores solares en Isla Rat\u00f3n, estado Amazonas. \u00a9 ACNUR\n2022 / Mauro Medina\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 30 y 31 Construcci\u00f3n de Ecoescuela con Prop\u00f3sito en Delta del Orinoco, estado Delta Amacuro.\n\u00a9 Fundaci\u00f3n Voces Libres / Nina Hurtado\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 32 Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible, estado M\u00e9rida. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Adriana Dur\u00e1n\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 33 Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible, estado M\u00e9rida. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 34 Centro de Alojamiento Temporal en G\u00fciria, estado Sucre. Recepci\u00f3n de personas que\nllegan desde Trinidad y Tobago. \u00a9 OIM y C\u00e1ritas Car\u00fapano\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 35 Antes y despu\u00e9s mejoras de Centro de Alojamiento Temporal de Ure\u00f1a y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de\nespacio para atenci\u00f3n psicosocial, estado T\u00e1chira. \u00a9 OIM / Mar\u00eda Barrera\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 36 y 37 Personas beneficiadas de distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas\nLara Kunashi, zona baja de la cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9\nACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 38 y 39 Ciudad de refugio vidas con valor \u201cGranja N\u00b01\u201d, visita para determinar las necesidades\nPersonas en situaci\u00f3n de calle, sobrevivientes de trata y VBG, personas en recuperaci\u00f3n\ndel consumo de sustancias il\u00edcitas, y exconvictos; que se encuentran alojadas en estos\nespacios como parte de un proceso de rehabilitaci\u00f3n y reinserci\u00f3n a la sociedad. \u00a9\nACNUR 2022 / Adriana Dur\u00e1n.\n\n\nP\u00e1g. 41 Taller H\u00e1bitat Rural Sostenible, estado M\u00e9rida. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\nContraportada Distribuci\u00f3n de enseres b\u00e1sicos en comunidades ind\u00edgenas Lara Kunashi, zona baja de\nla cuenca Tukuko, Machiques de Perij\u00e1, estado Zulia. \u00a9 ACNUR 2022 / Emigdio Filardi\n\n\n\n**42** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **Reporte anual 2022 -** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022 **43**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**44** **Reporte anual 2022-** OPERACIONES Y PLAN DE RESPUESTA 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1baee67-6aca-425c-9366-adbe983ef29b/Venezuela%20-%20Cl%C3%BAster%20de%20Alojamiento%2C%20Energ%C3%ADa%20y%20Enseres%20-%20Informe%20Anual%202022%20-%20Operaciones%20y%20Plan%20de%20Respuesta%202022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_744/raw/doc_744_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_744/raw/doc_744_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1f282771e0f7c74ce295361524b99b9af94efd6d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_744/raw/doc_744_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## EMERGING PRACTICES:\n# **WASH and COVID 19 field practices**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 1. Increased importance and added complexity of WASH in COVID-19\n\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to test our collective limits and individual resources,\neven in the wealthiest and most developed countries. The seemingly simple act of\nwashing one\u2019s hands, however, is considered one of the most effective acts to stop the\nspread of the virus. In reality, three billion people lack soap and water at home to practice\ngood hand hygiene and some 40 percent of healthcare facilities are not equipped with\nhandwashing stations at points of care. For many of UNHCR\u2019s 86.5 million people of\nconcern, including refugees and internally displaced persons, these dire conditions\nrepresent their daily lives and make responding to COVID-19 extremely challenging.\nThe COVID-19 pandemic is creating health emergencies inside forcibly displaced\nemergencies and requires a new way of thinking and operating.\n\nIn 2020, UNHCR is supporting the highest number of forcibly displaced populations in\nrecorded history. Many UNHCR field operations are located in deeply remote areas where\nUNHCR is often the sole service provider for refugees. UNHCR works with refugees in\nextraordinarily difficult conditions that are already impacted by conflict, climate change, and\nextremely limited resources. To respond to new challenges caused by COVID-19, UNHCR\nand the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) partners are exploring emerging practices by:\n\n\u22b2 redesigning and installing additional WASH facilities to decrease COVID-19\n\ntransmission rates;\n\n\u22b2 leveraging refugee voices to communicate risks about COVID-19 transmission;\n\n\u22b2 expanding cash-based interventions when COVID-19 related economic losses\n\nendanger hygiene practices.\n\nThe following document details specific, innovative WASH programmes in UNHCR field\noperations in Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, Rwanda, South\nSudan, Sudan, and Zimbabwe.\n\n\nEMERGING PRACTICES: **WASH and COVID 19 Field practices** 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 2. Unique considerations and actions for WASH in COVID-19\n\nThe emergence of COVID-19, its related risks, and the high impact of WASH measures to\nmitigate those risks propelled UNHCR to work quickly on preparedness and prevention\nprojects. The pandemic has shed light on existing service gaps that had not yet been\nprioritized. UNHCR recognizes that by addressing these gaps, field offices would be\ncontributing to lower COVID-19 transmission rates in the short-term while improving overall\nWASH services for refugees in the long-term (post-pandemic).\n\nWASH programming and projects are fundamentally multisectoral. All sectors and areas\nof life experience the impact of adequate or \u2013 importantly \u2013 inadequate access to WASH.\nUNHCR\u2019s COVID-19 WASH preparedness and response is comprehensive and farreaching taking into consideration how needs and gaps present themselves specifically\nto forcibly displaced populations. Ranging from increasing handwashing facilities in high\nrisk public places and communicating culturally appropriate messages to foster behavior\nchanges to cash-based interventions and in-kind distribution of hygiene supplies, UNHCR\nis strengthening and adapting WASH services in camps and urban settings, healthcare\nfacilities, and schools.\n\nAt the very beginning of the pandemic, UNHCR drew from its extensive experience in WASH\nemergencies to design COVID-19 preparedness guidance to meet the unique constraints of\noperating with an unknown illness during unprecedented times: Technical WASH Guidance\nfor COVID and a COVID-19 WASH Rapid Checklist.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 3. Emerging practices in UNHCR feld operations\n\nDespite the extra layer of insecurity and danger that the pandemic brings to UNHCR people\nof concern and staff, the ingenuity of UNHCR field operations is growing exponentially. The\nfollowing examples from the field describe emerging practices spurred on by the COVID-19\npandemic and how individual UNHCR operations are responding in alignment with the\nunique conditions inside each country.\n\n#### Redesigning and installing WASH facilities to decrease COVID-19 transmission rate\n\n\n**Gambella, Ethiopia \u2013** Ethiopia is one of the largest refugee-hosting countries in Africa,\nsheltering some 763,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers. The country also has an\ninternally displaced population of around three million. UNHCR is collaborating closely with\npartners to continue all efforts to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in the country\u2019s 26 refugee\ncamps and surrounding host community locations.\n\nIn Gambella camps during the COVID-19 preparedness phase, UNHCR identified a major\nobstacle: traditional designs for handwashing stations required users to turn off the water\ntap with their hands after washing their hands. The handwashing station\u2019s initial structure\nhad a blind spot that created a fresh potential contamination point immediately after users\nhad washed their hands. The situation was even more concerning considering that refugees\nwere lining up and crowds were forming to access WASH.\n\nIn response, UNHCR developed a handsfree handwashing mechanism along with partners\nOxfam, NCA, and ARRA. Using one\u2019s foot on two different pedals, the user now can turn on\nand off the water supply and access liquid soap. Two distinct buckets separate clean from\ndirty water. This innovation reduces the risk of recontamination after handwashing.\n\n\n**Cox\u2019s Bazaar, Bangladesh \u2013** Over 850,000 Rohingya refugees currently reside in 34\nextremely congested camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar District. Many households are multigenerational\nas the population is 51 percent children (< 18 years) and 4 percent elderly (> 60 years). The\nCOVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the vulnerabilities of elderly Rohingya refugees due to\ntheir living conditions. The need to access WASH within the household is critical to stop or\ndelay the spread of the virus amongst the elderly.\n\nUNHCR and partners have engaged in a massive project to ensure handwashing devices\nare installed in every household with an elderly resident. \u201cTippy-Taps,\u201d makeshift devices\ntipped to release water, are cheap, made of local materials, and easily maintained by households. When installing the Tippy-Taps, UNHCR reinforces the key COVID-19 transmission\nprevention messaging.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4 EMERGING PRACTICES: **WASH and COVID 19 Field practices** EMERGING PRACTICES: **WASH and COVID 19 Field practices** 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Countrywide, Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013** The Democratic Republic of Congo\n(DRC) is one of the most complex and long-standing humanitarian crises in Africa. The\ncountry hosts some 523,000 refugees and there are over 5 million internally displaced\npersons (IDPs). The COVID-19 pandemic comes on the heels of recent Ebola and measles\nepidemics that together have claimed more than 4,700 lives. A resurgence in Ebola cases\nhappened in April, concurrent with COVID-19 planning. Despite the extremely challenging\nenvironment, UNHCR has prioritized adequate access to WASH and community engagement\non risk communication in camps and surrounding host communities.\n\nTo delay or prevent the spread of COVID-19, UNHCR has installed 2,122 handwashing\nstations (including 61 donated to authorities and 288 to health structures), distributed over\n65,000 bars of soap, and disinfected 1,599 community infrastructures (dormitories, community structures, etc.). In the Meri site and at household level, UNHCR has distributed soap for\npersonal hygiene (over 65,000 persons covered) and promotion of \u201cTippy Taps\u201d \u2013 hygienic\nhandwashing stations made by refugees themselves using recycled materials. Specific trainings have been conducted including which type of materials used, where to find it and how\nto build them.\n\nUNHCR has also established coordination mechanisms to ensure streamlined hygiene\npromotion campaigns that engage community-based protection outreach workers and\ncommunity health workers. UNHCR is contributing to community messaging about COVID-19\nand measures to prevent infection. Information material prepared on behalf of the Ministry\nof Health, and translated in the languages spoken by refugees, is being distributed across\nthe country. Awareness-raising is also being done through awareness sessions and radio\nbroadcasts (in Kasai, Haut-Katanga, Tanganyika, Nord Ubangi, Sud Ubangi, North Kivu, South\nKivu, Ituri and Haut Uele provinces), and through established community committees. Awareness-raising sessions are taking place in groups of less than 15 refugees keeping at least\ntwo meters distance from each other.\n\n\n**Countrywide, Sudan \u2013** Sudan has a long-standing tradition of hosting refugees. There\nare currently over 1 million refugees residing in Sudan, over 75 percent of whom are South\nSudanese refugees. To meet their WASH needs, UNHCR has accelerated and augmented its\nWASH programming in field operations.\n\nUNHCR has increased water supply by extending operating hours to mitigate potential\ntransmission by reducing congestion and reinforcing social distancing messages, strengthening the backup arrangement for electro-mechanical equipment to ensure uninterrupted\nsupply and ensure business continuity, and establishing emergency water supply stations for\nsurrounding host communities to increase potable water and allow for an overall increase in\nhygiene-related practices.\n\nUNHCR has also upgraded water stations in all eight health facilities, four isolation centers,\nand food distribution centers. The renovations allow for the installation of some 460 additional handwashing stations with dedicated water filling and soap distribution arrangements.\nUNHCR also distributed 2.2 million bars of soap to refugees, IDPs, and host communities,\nand trained outreach workers on COVID-19 prevention.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Leveraging refugee voices to mitigate misinformation about COVID-19 transmission\n\n**Countrywide, South Sudan \u2013** There are 300,000 refugees and approximately 1.7\nmillion IDPs living in South Sudan. Most refugees live in remote locations and IDPs are\nscattered in hard to reach places. Only a limited number of forcibly displaced households\nhave a television or internet access. Ensuring urgent and important messages on\nCOVID-19 transmission reach the forcibly displaced represents a major challenge for\nUNHCR\u2019s operation.\n\nRadio remains the most popular source of information in South Sudan. UNHCR is leveraging the medium to respond to questions and myths on COVID-19 through call-in radio talk\nshows. To amplify these messages, boda boda (\u201cmobile radios\u201d), where motorbikes with\nloudspeakers broadcast the radio shows and songs, drive through communities to reach\nas many people as possible.\n\nUNHCR is also collaborating closely with refugees and IDPs to create culturally and linguistically appropriate public service announcements, radio shows, and jingles about COVID-19.\nRefugees have written, recorded, and performed their own COVID-19 awareness raising\nsongs: [Song from Ajong Thok refugee camp] [Song from Pami refugee camp] [Song from DAFI\nscholar] In Malakal, there was a contest for the best jingle which is still being aired on the local airwaves. In Wau, IDPs also composed a song that is being aired locally. [Song from Wau]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Tongogara, Zimbabwe \u2013** Zimbabwe is host to some 21,000 refugees, primarily from the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo and Mozambique. The country\u2019s response to the COVID-19\npandemic is rolling out while it is still recovering from the devastating effects of 2019\u2019s\nTropical Cyclone Idai. In situations where forcibly displaced people have endured multiple\ncrises and emergencies, identifying new ways to understand community needs and present\nsolutions is key.\n\nFor the first time, UNHCR is using an evidence-based approach known as Risks, Attitudes,\nNorms, Abilities and Self-regulation (RANAS) to develop a community-based behavior\nchange campaign in Tongogara camp. RANAS is an extremely effective method to learn and\nchange behavior practices that negatively impact WASH practices. For example, a field operation could conduct a significant handwashing outreach campaign, but if refugees do not\nhave access to soap, they cannot follow the proposed guidelines. RANAS identifies gaps so\nthey can be addressed. Community health workers in Tongogara have conducted over 200\nsurveys with refugees to pinpoint which of the five RANAS areas could have the most positive impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19. Based on findings coming from interviews\nwith refugees, instead of making assumptions, UNHCR will be able to manage expectations,\nadapt outreach materials, and adjust partner capacity.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews\nwith refugees", - "confidence": 0.9524949789047241, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7797257304191589, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "RANAS areas", - "confidence": 0.5441339015960693, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.991265594959259, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazaar, Bangladesh \u2013** Cox\u2019s Bazaar hosts over 850,000 Rohingya refugees\nin settlements where the population densities rival those of major urban centers. This\nextraordinary density exponentially increases the potential rate of transmission for COVID-19.\nConversely, the density also renders difficult the mass, simultaneous broadcast of urgent\ncommunications. The speed and clarity of communications is crucial to prevent the spread of\ndisease and mitigate misinformation.\n\nThe risk for an outbreak within Cox\u2019s Bazaar is very high and certain measures to delay\nthe spread of the virus, such as social distancing, are not viable options. UNHCR has\ndesigned a communications strategy that brings together trusted community members and\nmass communication messages. Learning from past epidemics and as part of its ongoing\ncommitment to engage refugees in solutions for their own communities, UNHCR trains\nlocal religious leaders, respected community leaders, and community health workers\non COVID-19. These community representatives then reinforce a mass communication\ncampaign developed by UNHCR in collaboration with BBC Media. UNHCR and partners\nreceive UNHCR/BBC Media audio COVID-19 prevention messages in the Rohingya language\ndirectly on their mobile phones that they then broadcast through megaphones throughout\nthe settlements. The UNHCR-trained community leaders and workers dialogue with\nmembers of their community to further support the messaging.\n\n#### Expanding cash-based interventions to support WASH\n\n\n**Iraq \u2013** Despite significant efforts to rebuild, the deteriorating political, economic, and\nsecurity situation inside Iraq continues to pose a threat to the 6.4 million people of concern.\nMost refugees and IDPs across Iraq live on daily wages and their inability to access job\nopportunities due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on their capacity to\nmeet their most basic needs. Providing refugees with cash enables them to fulfil their needs\nin a dignified manner and contributes to the local economy, particularly important during an\neconomic crisis.\n\nUNHCR has provided over 110,000 vulnerable families (over 550,000 people) from the\nrefugee, internally displaced, and returnee communities with cash for the purchase of basic\nhygiene items to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This is in addition to conducting essential\nactivities including health promotion and awareness-raising, provision of medical equipment,\ntraining of health workers, strengthening health care services and disinfection activities in\ncamps, and supporting early detection of positive cases.\n\nUNHCR initiated cash assistance in Basirma refugee camp and expanded it to cover all\nrefugees and IDPs living in camps as well as vulnerable refugees, IDPs, and returnee families\nliving in urban areas. Cash distribution is carried out through appropriate door-to-door visits\nto avoid crowding at distribution points that could put camp residents at risk. UNHCR field\nstaff provide counseling to the cash recipients.\n\n\n\n**Rwanda \u2013** Rwanda has been hosting refugees for over two decades and continues to\nreceive new arrivals. There are almost 150,000 people of concern in Rwanda, mostly from\nBurundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. UNHCR launched large and far-reaching\ncash assistance to reach as many people of concern in Rwanda as possible.\n\nFor refugees living in camps, UNHCR provided one-time cash assistance for hygiene and\nsanitation fo 133,279 individuals. With the cash, refugees can purchase one extra soap for\na period of three months per person in addition to the one already included in the regular\nmonthly cash assistance. For vulnerable refugees living in urban areas affected by COVID-19\nlockdown, UNHCR provided more than half (53.5 percent, or 6,161 refugees) with the\nequivalent of USD 30 one-time cash assistance.\n\nUNHCR has begun to use digital cash through contactless cards in camps to reduce the\ntransmission risks of COVID-19. UNHCR has also provided refugee leaders with mobile\nphones in order to ensure functioning cash-related complaints and feedback mechanism\nare available.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IRAQ |** **COVID-19 prevention and**\n**awareness campaigns Providing**\n**potable water and raising awareness**\n**among children about the importance**\n\n**of hand washing is essential for**\n**preventing the spread of COVID-19**\n\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Alexis Masciarelli\n\n\n**MORE INFORMATION**\n\n\nUNHCR WASH\nDivision of Resilience and Solutions\nUNHCR Geneva, **hqwash@unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1b1f6e3d-f251-31dd-a92a-fe2e7d1de827/WASH%20Emerging%20Practices%20COVID-19_v5.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_745/raw/doc_745_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_745/raw/doc_745_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a7d6941db6f933028c31b6ab0ac864bb903eea3f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_745/raw/doc_745_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**JOINT ADVOCACY NOTE ON**\n**UNDERFUNDING IN WASH, CCCM, SHELTER, AND NFI SECTORS RESPONSES IN NORTH EAST NIGERIA**\n\n\n\n**Figure 1: A section of shelters and WASH facilities flooded in Dikwa LGA, Borno State \u00a9IOM**\n\n\nHouseholds Shelter / Houses Emergency NFI\n\n\n**Situation Overview:**\nIn the North-East Nigeria, harsh weather conditions, characterized by floods and heavy windstorms, are\ndeteriorating the living conditions for internally displaced persons (IDPs) across sites in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe\n(BAY) states, thus necessitating an urgent need for a comprehensive humanitarian response to alleviate the suffering\nof over a million IDPs living in over 148 flood-prone areas.\n\nSince April, the region has experienced harsh weather conditions leading to deaths, injuries, and varying degrees of\ndamage to camp infrastructure, including shelters, safe spaces, and WASH facilities (latrines and showers). This has\nfurther weakened the IDP\u2019s resilience and ability to cope with the vulnerabilities that come with displacement. The\nnumber of such incidents recorded during this period represents a seven percent increase in severity and occurrence\ncompared to the same period last year.\n\nAs of 26 August, a total of 35,014 households, comprising 158,625 individuals, predominantly consisted of women\nand children across 69 IDP sites out of 255 camps and 136 host communities in BAY states have been affected. Borno\naccounted for the majority of these incidents, accounting for 84%, followed by Yobe at 10% and Adamawa at 5%.\nThis new caseload, coupled with new arrivals in reception centres and IDP sites, continues to put a constraint on the\nalready overstretched response for over a million existing/old IDP cases. In Borno State, the government relocation\n\n\n\n**0**\nNFI\nprovided\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**35,014**\nHouseholds\n\n\n\n**34,051**\nShelter / Houses\n\n\n\naffected\n\n\n\n**237**\nEmergency\nShelter provided\n\n\n\naffected\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72c0f4eb-383b-4c8e-a7cc-4458d26b5608/WASH_CCCM%20SHELTER%20NFI%20%20ADVOCACY%20BRIEF%2020240827.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "programme withstanding the state hosts 82% of all IDP population across BAY States, with 214 IDP camps (62 formal\nand 152 informal sites) and 470 host community sites, with an estimated 436,323 HHs (2,084,063 individuals).\n\nThis year's rainy season continues to significantly affect people in camps and host communities, impeding\nhumanitarian aid access while increasing demand across identified flood-prone areas. According to Flood\nVulnerability Mapping analysis, an estimated 299,008 households (representing 623,007 individuals) reside in 148\nareas highly susceptible to flooding, necessitating urgent humanitarian assistance across Borno (162,571 HH),\nAdamawa (2,608 HH), and Yobe (2,027 HH). Additionally, 1,228 locations hosting 1,070,552 internally displaced\npersons (IDPs) and IDP returnees within host communities are also at risk.\n\n\nMap of flood and windstorm affected sites per LGA\n\n\nIn north-east Nigeria, there are approximately four million displaced persons (22 per cent IDPs in camps, 50 per cent\nreturnees, and28 per cent IDPs living within host communities) across the BAY states in need of shelter and NFI\nassistance. Of them, 65 per cent are classified as having severe needs, 32 per cent with extreme needs and four per\ncent have catastrophic levels of needs for Shelter and NFI assistance. Majority of these caseload have limited access\nto critical services.\n\nLimited access to site management responses, shelter and settlement solutions, sanitation facilities, and safe water,\nhas elevated protection concerns, with women, girls, and children constituting most of the displaced people caseload\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72c0f4eb-383b-4c8e-a7cc-4458d26b5608/WASH_CCCM%20SHELTER%20NFI%20%20ADVOCACY%20BRIEF%2020240827.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disproportionately affected. The inability of WASH services to consistently meet sector standards across all IDP sites\nin BAY State has also raised health concerns, leading to increased exposure to disease and malnutrition. According\nto the CCCM site tracker, as of end of July 2024 [1], the growing WASH severity across 145 assessed IDP sites indicated\nthat 47% of the water facilities are partially or not functional, and up to 71% for the sanitation facilities, including\n123 IDP sites (939,000 people) in severity 4 (extreme).\n\n\nIt is against this background that CCCM, Shelter and NFI and WASH sector among the least funded sectors are\nadvocating for increased fund allocation to adequately strengthen a protection-centred approach in the provision\nof multisectoral life-saving assistance.\n\n\nThese sectors are focusing on strengthening early response capacity and underlying preparedness actions based on\nanticipated shocks to avoid further threats to vulnerable individuals. Priority humanitarian needs include shelter,\naccess to clean water and sanitation, food, health care, and interventions to prevent or address disease outbreaks,\nsuch as cholera. In areas where flooding incidents have decreased, the focus is on recovery efforts.\n\n**IMMEDIATE SECTORIAL HIGHLIGHTED NEEDS**\n\n\n**Camp coordination and Management:** An immediate need for camp coordination and management services\nsuch as site facilitation and coordination services, information management sharing and dissemination, and site\nenvironment and infrastructure maintenance and improvement work like clearing of local drainages, sandbagging\nin the temporary settlements following these incidents. These services are required across all the IDP situated in\nflood risk areas. CCCM responses are equally required for the flood-affected population who now reside in\novercrowded reception centres, host communities, or occupying public spaces such as schools **.** There is an urgent\nneed for CCCM response is **USD 1,500,000.**\n\n\n**Shelter:** There is an urgent need for shelter construction and maintenance kits, for 33,814 affected\nhouseholds. Required are alternative accommodations for IDPs living in flood plains. Essential materials include\ntimbers, tarps, and nails. There is an urgent need for shelter response is **USD 2.9 million.**\n\n\n**Non-Food Items (NFI** ): Majority of the IDPs (33,022 HHsHHs) need NFIs especially mosquito nets, kitchen sets,\nhygiene kits, beddings, warm clothing as many are sleeping in overcrowded spaces, makeshift shelters. There is an\nurgent need for NFI response is **USD 1.8 million.**\n\n\n**WASH:** Several WASH facilities were damaged requiring reconstruction while other rehabilitation and\ndislodgement to reduce the likelihood of water borne diseases such as cholera. In most of the flooded locations,\nboreholes and wells are reported with water contamination by faecal matter, putting more than half-million\nvulnerable individuals at risk of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) and potential cholera outbreak. Equally surface water\ncontamination and loss of accessibility to the latrine in most sites. There is an urgent need for WASH response is\n**USD 7 million.**\n\n\n1 WASH Severity is based on Composite Scores on water supply and Sanitation-(Water source, Water point functionality, Per capita average,\nwater collection time, evidence of open defecation, persons per latrine, latrine gap, latrine functionality etc.)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72c0f4eb-383b-4c8e-a7cc-4458d26b5608/WASH_CCCM%20SHELTER%20NFI%20%20ADVOCACY%20BRIEF%2020240827.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Other key priorities listed by the IDPs included access to Health, food, protection, and education for their children.\n\n\n**Appeal:**\n\n\n - The CCCM/Shelter/NFI and WASH sectors emphasize the current funding shortfall severely hampers their\nability to respond to emergencies, leaving over 1.2 million individuals in vulnerable conditions lacking\ndignity and safety, exposing them to increased protection risks and the spread of life-threatening diseases\nsuch as cholera.\n\n - There is a critical need for increased financial support to ensure timely, safe, and gender-responsive\nhumanitarian assistance to populations in areas with the highest severity of needs and increased risk of\nvulnerability, such as floods and disease outbreaks (Cholera hot spots, etc.).\n\n\n**Photos:**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72c0f4eb-383b-4c8e-a7cc-4458d26b5608/WASH_CCCM%20SHELTER%20NFI%20%20ADVOCACY%20BRIEF%2020240827.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Inside a flooded shelter in Dikwa LGA A collapsed shelter in Dikwa LGA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/72c0f4eb-383b-4c8e-a7cc-4458d26b5608/WASH_CCCM%20SHELTER%20NFI%20%20ADVOCACY%20BRIEF%2020240827.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_746/raw/doc_746_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_746/raw/doc_746_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1e8461a01e7148e1c555c50218fea94814568b65..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_746/raw/doc_746_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,700 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Fill the Nutrient Gap **Rwanda**\n\nREFUGEE SUMMARY REPORT\n\n\n\n**March 2019**\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugee Settlements in Rwanda: Introduction**\n\nPolitical and ethnic conflicts in the Great Lakes Region [1],\ncoupled with a favourable refugee policy, have given rise to\nthe refugee crisis in Rwanda. By the end of 2017 Rwanda\nhosted almost 175,000 refugees, 79 percent of whom now\nreside in six camps provided by the government of Rwanda,\nwhile the remainder reside in Kigali and are classified as\nurban refugees.\n\nCongolese refugees have been fleeing to Rwanda since\n1996 and constitute 78,750 people or 45 percent of the\nrefugee population, residing in the original five camps in\nthe northern and western areas of the country (Gihembe,\nNyabiheke, Kiziba, Kigeme and Mugombwa). These camps\nreceive monthly cash-based transfers from the WFP (World\nFood Programme).\n\n\n\nThe refugee population in Rwanda increased significantly\nfrom 2015 following election-related conflicts in Burundi.\nThis influx necessitated opening a sixth camp, Mahama in\nKirehe district. Mahama is now Rwanda\u2019s largest refugee\ncamp, currently home to over 57,382 Burundian refugees\nor 34 percent of the refugee population in Rwanda. The\nWFP provides monthly food rations to this camp but aims\nto change to cash-based transfers following an upcoming\nfeasibility study. Refugees from Burundi continue to flow\ninto Rwanda at a rate of 40\u201380 people per month and this\nflow is not expected to slow down in the near future.\n\nForty nine percent of the refugees in Rwanda are under the\nage of 18 while 15 percent are under the age of 5. The\nlocation and size of the refugee camps as well as the WFP\nassistance modalities used is shown in Figure 1.\n\n\n\n**Figure 1** : Location, size and WFP assistance modalities used in the Rwandan refugee camps (UNHCR, 2018).\n\n\n1 This region comprises the following countries that surround the African Great Lakes: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nKenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Rwanda\u2019s favourable policy allows refugees to work, move\nfreely within the country, establish companies, pay taxes\nand create jobs. Despite this, refugees face significant\nchallenges in accessing livelihoods and income-generating\nopportunities, resulting in an excessive reliance on WFP and\nUNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)\nassistance to meet food and non-food needs. Chronic\nmalnutrition is widespread across the camps and\nimprovements in stunting and anaemia have been\ninconsistent over the past six years.\n\nAddressing malnutrition in refugee camps in a sustainable\nmanner requires taking a gender-sensitive lifecycle\napproach that engages both men and women, with a\nspecial focus on the most nutritionally vulnerable: children\nunder 2 years of age, adolescent girls, and pregnant and\nlactating women (PLW). It must include a range of contextspecific, targeted interventions that engage stakeholders\nacross multiple sectors.\n\n**Fill the Nutrient Gap (FNG) in Rwanda: Purpose**\n\nThe overarching objective of the FNG was to bring\nstakeholders together to identify and prioritize contextspecific policies and programmes, across food, health and\nsocial protection systems with the aim of improving\nnutrient intakes of target groups. The results from the FNG\nat national level are to be used to inform and complement\nthe new National Nutrition Policy, among other evidencebased strategic documents. The FNG team in the WFP\ncountry office identified the need for an additional FNG\nanalysis that would be used to inform WFP, UNHCR and\nstakeholder programmes in refugee camps.\n\n\n**Figure 2:** The FNG process followed in Rwanda.\n\n\n2 |\n\n\n\nThe FNG analysis has identified the current knowledge gaps\nregarding refugees so that assessments can be undertaken\nto address these and strengthen evidence-based\nprogramming. The FNG process has brought stakeholders\ntogether to share their programming experiences within\nthe camps and identify priority nutrition-specific and\nnutrition-sensitive interventions.\n\n**FNG in the Refugee Camps: Process**\n\nThe FNG process for the refugee camps ran from\nNovember 2017 to October 2018. The analysis comprised a\ncomprehensive literature review of available secondary\ndata sources in combination with linear programming (LP)\nusing the Cost of the Diet (CotD) software. The aim was to\nunderstand context-specific barriers to adequate nutrient\nintake and to model potential interventions to improve\naccess to nutrients, particularly from nutritious foods.\n\nAt the start of the process, the Rwanda FNG team met with\nNon-Government Organisations (NGOs) and UNHCR\nworking in the camps to: introduce the FNG process; collate\nsecondary data sources, and; identify possible\ninterventions, entry points and transfer modalities to test in\nthe CotD modelling. Over 40 data sources were identified\nand reviewed and the CotD analysis intervention modelling\nwas carried out. Full findings were presented, first within\nthe WFP country office internally to all units working in the\nrefugee camps and then to UNHCR and the wider\nstakeholder group as part of a recommendations\nformulation workshop. The detailed FNG process in\nRwanda is illustrated in Figure 2.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "literature review", - "confidence": 0.6380599141120911, - "start": 363, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "FILL THE NUTRIENT GAP: SITUATION ASSESSMENT FOR\nMULTI-SECTORAL DECISION MAKING ON THE\nPREVENTION OF MALNUTRITION [2]\n\n\nMalnutrition has two direct causes: inadequate\nnutrient intake and disease. As its name specifies, the\nFill the Nutrient Gap (FNG) assessment focuses on\ngaps in nutrient intake to inform a country\u2019s national\npolicies and actions that can be taken to improve\nnutrition among their population, with a focus on the\nmost vulnerable.\n\n\nThe FNG assesses the extent to which people have\nchoices. It considers the availability, physical access\nand affordability of nutritious foods required for\nadequate nutrient intake. It seeks to understand why\nhouseholds make the food choices they do. Finally, it\nidentifies context-appropriate interventions that can\nbe implemented by different sectors to enable people\nto choose more nutritious foods, and hence fill\nnutrient gaps.\n\n\nThe assessment comprises two components:\n\n\n1. A country-specific review of secondary data and\ninformation on factors that reflect or affect\ndietary intake. This includes malnutrition trends\nover time, characteristics of the food system and\nfood environment, and population behaviour\nrelated to food and feeding.\n\n\n2. An assessment of the extent to which economic\nbarriers prevent adequate nutrient intake. This\nuses the Cost of the Diet linear programming\nsoftware developed by Save the Children (UK),\n\n\n\nand includes modelling of the economic impact of\npossible interventions to increase nutrient intake\nand fill nutrient gaps.\n\n\nMalnutrition cannot be addressed by one sector alone.\nFNG is designed to inform multisectoral decisionmaking and therefore engages stakeholders from all\nsectors including food, health, agriculture, education,\nand social protection systems throughout the\nassessment.\n\n\nIt is the stakeholders who define the scope and focus\nof the assessment. They contribute data and sources\nof information for identification of context-specific\nbarriers and entry points, and develop a shared\nunderstanding of the issues and possible solutions.\nThey then identify appropriate nutrition-specific and\nnutrition-sensitive interventions that can be\nimplemented by different sectors using their existing\ndelivery platforms. These could be social safety nets,\nfood processing and markets, antenatal care, school\nfeeding programmes and others.\n\n\nThe FNG assessment has been developed by the WFP\nwith technical support from: The University of\nCalifornia Davis; the International Food Policy\nResearch Institute (IFPRI, Washington DC); Epicentre\n(Paris); Harvard University (Boston); Mahidol University\n(Bangkok); Save the Children (UK); and UNICEF.\n\n\nAt the end of 2018, the FNG had been conducted in 17\ncountries and started in another 8.\n\n\n\n2 For more information on the concept and the method of the analysis, see Bose I, Baldi G, Kiess L, de Pee S. The \u2018Fill the Nutrient Gap\u2019 Analysis: An approach to strengthen nutrition\nsituation analysis and decision-making toward multisectoral policies and systems change. Matern Child Nutr 2019: DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12793\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FILL THE NUTRIENT GAP", - "confidence": 0.9876603484153748, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "ASSESSMENT", - "confidence": 0.8039712905883789, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "FNG", - "confidence": 0.99950110912323, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8958669900894165, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary data", - "confidence": 0.8057685494422913, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FNG assessment", - "confidence": 0.9768784046173096, - "start": 379, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.854961097240448, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "17\ncountries", - "confidence": 0.8707078099250793, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9116668701171875, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COST OF THE DIET ANALYSIS\n\n\nThe CotD software uses LP to understand the extent to\nwhich poverty, food availability and prices may affect\nthe ability of people to meet their nutrient needs.\nUsing price data collected from markets or from\nsecondary sources, the software calculates the\namount, combination and cost of local foods that are\nneeded to provide individuals or households with their\naverage needs for energy and their recommended\nintakes of protein, fat and micronutrients [3] . These diets\nare calculated within defined constraints to prevent\nthe inclusion of unrealistic types or amounts of food\nand the provision of excessive amounts of nutrients.\n\nThe FNG approach defines the Staple Adjusted\nNutritious Diet: the lowest cost nutritious diet that\nincludes the typical staple foods and excludes foods\nthat are considered taboo [4] . This diet is referred to as\nthe \u2018nutritious\u2019 diet throughout this summary.\nPopulation expenditure data is compared to the cost\nof this nutritious diet and is used to estimate the\nproportion of the population that would not be able to\nafford a nutritious diet. This non-affordability can be\nestimated and compared across different regions,\nseasons or countries.\n\nPrimary market survey data was collected during the\nNovember round of the Post Distribution Monitoring\n(PDM) to determine the price per 100 g of food in each\nmarket within the camp [5] . Using this information, a\nnutritious diet was estimated for a model household\nof five members which included a breastfed child of 12\n\u201323 months, a school-aged child of 6\u20137 years, an\nadolescent girl of 14\u201315 years, a lactating woman and\nan adult man. Two portions of the staple foods (rice or\nmaize, and beans) were included for all household\nmembers per day, with the exception of the child aged\n12\u201323 months, who received one portion per day [6] .\n\n\n\nThe CotD software is also used to model interventions\nwith the objective of improving the affordability of a\nnutritious diet for individuals and/or households. The\nselection of potential interventions for modelling was\ninformed by the secondary data review and\nstakeholder consultations. It included:\n\n- Increased availability of local nutritious\n(unfortified) foods and biofortified foods.\n\n- Different types of complementary foods or\nspecialised nutritious foods made available\nthrough the market and/or social safety nets.\n\n- Micronutrient supplementation.\n\n- Fortification of staple foods.\n\n- Cash transfer values or in-kind food assistance for\nrefugee households targeted through WFP\nassistance programmes.\n\nThe modelled interventions are theoretical and would\nneed to be accompanied by complementary behaviour\nchange interventions.\n\n\n\n3 As defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Needs for 9 vitamins and 4\nminerals are included.\n\n4 This diet is not intended to reflect what individuals or households are currently eating, nor should it be used to develop food-based\nrecommendations or dietary guidelines.\n\n5 Refugees also purchase foods from markets outside the camps, but these were not considered for this analysis.\n\n6 Rice and beans in the Congolese camps and maize and beans in the Burundian camp.\n\n\n4 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "price data", - "confidence": 0.9537460803985596, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population expenditure data", - "confidence": 0.9394564032554626, - "start": 159, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.5228589177131653, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camp", - "confidence": 0.732614278793335, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "model household", - "confidence": 0.6051788926124573, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cost of the Diet Modelling**\n\n_Average cost of the diet for target groups in the northern and southern regions of Ghana with different_\n\n_interventions (Fig. 7: child 12\u201323 months; Fig. 8: adolescent girl; Fig. 9: PLW)._\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### FNG in Rwanda: Findings [7]\n# **1.**\n\n**PROGRESS IN REDUCING UNDERNUTRITION IN**\n**CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS HAS BEEN INCONSISTENT.**\n**GLOBAL ACUTE MALNUTRITION (GAM) RATES ARE**\n**ACCEPTABLE BUT STUNTING AND ANAEMIA ARE THE**\n**MAIN BURDEN AND RATES REMAIN MODERATE TO**\n**HIGH. GLOBAL ACUTE MALNUTRITION AND ANAEMIA**\n**PREVALENCE ARE SIMILAR BETWEEN THE HOST**\n**POPULATION AND REFUGEES WHILE STUNTING IS**\n**MUCH LOWER IN REFUGEE CAMPS. MAHAMA AND**\n**KIGEME HAVE THE WORST NUTRITION SITUATION.**\n\nSince 2015 the rates of GAM in refugee camps have\nreduced to an acceptable level of 3 percent. Stunting and\nanaemia are of moderate to high public health significance\nand their rates have fluctuated between 2015 and 2018.\nFor example: anaemia prevalence decreased from 34\npercent to 31 percent between 2015 and 2017 but rose\nagain to 37 percent in 2018. Overall stunting has fallen 10\npercent from 33 percent in 2015 to 23 percent in 2018,\nwith most of the decline happening between 2017 and\n2018.\n\nFigures 3\u20135 show the prevalence of stunting (2018), GAM\n(2018) and anaemia (2015) [8] for children under 5 years of\nage in the camps and the host population in the refugee\nhosting areas. These figures show that Kigeme has the\nhighest prevalence of stunting and GAM at 30 percent and\n4 percent respectively, while Mahama has the highest\nburden of anaemia at 45 percent and stunting rates of 30\npercent. The difference between GAM in the refugee and\nthe host populations is minimal. In all camps except\nMahama, anaemia was lower than in the host population,\nbut when aggregated this difference is minimal (33 percent\nin the camps vs. 37 percent in the host population).\nHowever, average stunting prevalence in refugee camps is\n14 percent lower than the national prevalence of stunting\nin Rwanda (23 percent vs. 37 percent). The could be\nbecause the refugee camps are a controlled setting that\nallow for 1) high coverage of nutrition specific and\nsensitive interventions, 2) implementing partners with\nhigher staffing levels and, 3) increased complementarity\nacross sectors. Much could be learnt from the refugee\nsettings and applied at scale to the host communities to\ndecrease the rates of stunting.\n\n\n\n**Figure 3:** The prevalence of stunting for children under 5 years\nof age in the refugee camps and host population in 2018.\nTriangle and blue script outline indicates refugee camps (WFP,\n2018; UNHCR and WFP, 2018).\n\n\n**Figure 4:** The prevalence of GAM for children under 5 years of\nage in the refugee camps and host population in 2018 (WFP,\n2018; UNHCR and WFP, 2018).\n\n\n**Figure 5:** The prevalence of anaemia for children under 5 years\nof age in the refugee camps and host population in 2015\n(comparisons for 2018 were not possible because anaemia data\nin the host population was not available) (NISR, 2015; UNHCR\nand WFP, 2015).\n\n\n\n7 Complete details of the findings, a full list of data sources used, and references can be found in the full report.\n\n8 Comparisons for 2018 were not possible because anaemia data in the host population is not available.\n\n\n6 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figures 3\u20135", - "confidence": 0.550529956817627, - "start": 220, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps", - "confidence": 0.5701680779457092, - "start": 254, - "end": 255 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.681036651134491, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children under 5 years of\nage", - "confidence": 0.888933539390564, - "start": 246, - "end": 252 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GAM", - "confidence": 0.5524447560310364, - "start": 233, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee\nhosting areas", - "confidence": 0.5774156451225281, - "start": 261, - "end": 264 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6388941407203674, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children under 5 years of\nage", - "confidence": 0.7300215363502502, - "start": 246, - "end": 252 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **2.**\n\n**REFUGEES ARE ALMOST SOLELY RELIANT ON WFP FOR**\n**FOOD ASSISTANCE. DUE TO A SCARCITY OF LIVELIHOOD**\n**OPPORTUNITIES FOOD AND CASH ASSISTANCE IS BEING**\n**COMPROMISED TO COVER NON-FOOD NEEDS,**\n**NEGATIVELY IMPACTING NUTRITION AND FOOD**\n**SECURITY.**\n\nRefugees rely on WFP for 90 percent of their food source.\nThis is slightly higher in the Congolese camps receiving\ncash (92 percent of food sources) than in Mahama camp\nwhich receives food (87 percent of food sources). The\nremaining 8-13 percent is met by hunting, fishing, own\nproduction, gifts and borrowing. The level of household\ndependence on WFP is influenced by their opportunities\nfor income generation, which includes having access to\nland with good quality soil to grow food to sell or having\nemployable skills for the labour market. The proximity of\nthe camps to food markets and the age and physical\ncapacity of the refugees are also important factors in the\nlevel of household dependence on WFP. The most recent\nJoint Assessment Mission (JAM) survey found no\ncorrelation between length of stay in the camps and a\nrefugee\u2019s capacity for self-sufficiency.\n\n\n\nLimited livelihood opportunities, coupled with a\nmisunderstanding of their right to work in Rwanda, make\nit difficult for refugees to engage in formal employment\nand earn money to support themselves and their families.\nThese issues extend to youth who finish school and face\nvery limited job prospects. In 2016, 38\u201348 percent of the\nrefugee population in all six camps earned no income.\nConsequently, the cash assistance or sale of food\nassistance is one of the primary earning opportunities for\nrefugees (reported by 21 percent of households). In the\nCongolese camps approximately 75\u201383 percent of the\ncash is used to buy food whilst the remaining money is\nused to repay food loans and buy essential non-food\nitems. In Mahama, 70 percent of the food assistance is\nconsumed by the household. Maize and oil are the main\nfood assistance commodities sold, in terms of quantity,\namounting to approximately 25 percent and 35 percent\nrespectively of what is provided by WFP. The money\nearned from these sales is used to diversify the food\nbasket, repay food loans and buy essential non-food\nitems.\n\nThe UNHCR Economic Inclusion of Refugees Strategy\noffers the potential for refugees to develop employable\nskills and access credit for start-up businesses. It is\nessential that youths are able to access these services\nonce they finish school to break the cycle of dependence.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **3.**\n\n**HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION IS MOSTLY**\n**ACCEPTABLE BUT DIETARY DIVERSITY IS POOR. A**\n**NUTRITIOUS DIET COSTS ALMOST TWICE AS MUCH AS A**\n**DIET THAT ONLY MEETS ENERGY NEEDS. GENERAL**\n**FOOD ASSISTANCE (CASH AND FOOD) SHOULD BE**\n**COMPLEMENTED WITH OTHER LIVELIHOOD AND**\n**INCOME EARNING OPPORTUNITIES TO ENABLE DIETARY**\n**DIVERSIFICATION AND TO COVER ESSENTIAL NON-**\n**FOOD NEEDS.**\n\n\nIn 2018, the majority of refugee households (80 percent)\nhad an acceptable food consumption score (FCS) [9] . More\nhouseholds in Mahama camp had borderline and poor FCS\ncompared to the Congolese cash camps (22 percent vs. 16\npercent for borderline and 5 percent vs. 3 percent for\npoor). Despite most households having an acceptable FCS,\nhousehold\u2019s dietary diversity and the consumption of\nfresh, micronutrient-rich foods are poor. The diets of\nrefugees comprise mostly cereals, pulses, oil and\nvegetables. Although households (81\u201396 percent)\nconsumed vitamin A rich foods daily or sometimes (mostly\ndodo leaves), only 2-4 percent of household consumed\nheme-iron [10] rich foods daily. The CotD market survey\nfound that meat was only available in the markets in Kiziba\n\n\n\nand Mahama.\n\nThe CotD analysis displayed in Figure 6 found that it cost\nalmost twice as much for a household of five to purchase a\nnutritious diet from markets inside the camps than a diet\nthat only met their energy needs (608 \u2013 1 043 Rwandan\nFrancs (RWF) per day vs. 1 408 \u2013 1 713 RWF a day). Both\ndiets cost the most in Gihembe camp and least in\nNyabiheke camp.\n\nThe CotD analysis also found that the general food\ndistribution given in Mahama provided the majority of\nmacronutrient requirements for a household but was low\nin essential micronutrients. For example, the ration\nprovided all energy and protein requirements but only 25\npercent of calcium and 47\u201348 percent of vitamin B12 and\niron requirements. The outstanding micronutrients would\nneed to come from mainly from animal source foods such\nas eggs, milk, dried fish and meat purchased on the\nmarket. Figure 7 shows that the general food distribution\ncovers 60 percent of the cost of a nutritious diet but that\nhouseholds would need to add approximately 560 RWF\nper day to meet their remaining vitamin and mineral\nneeds from foods such as dried fish, dodo leaves,\navocados, eggs and milk. In comparison, the average daily\nincome for Mahama in 2016 was 457 RWF [11] .\n\n\n\n**Figure 6:** The cost of a nutritious diet for a five-person household in the six refugee camps in RWF per day.\n\n\n9 FCS is calculated by grouping together food items for which consumption was assessed over a seven day recall period. For each food\ngroup the frequency represents the number of days an item from the food group was consumed. A weight is assigned to each food\ngroup, representing its nutritional importance. The FCS is the sum across food groups of the product of the frequency by the weight.\nTwo thresholds are used to distinguish consumption level: a FCS of 21 and a FCS of 35. The thresholds define three groups: poor\nconsumption (\u226421), borderline consumption (>21 and \u226435), and acceptable consumption (>35).\n\n10 Derived from animal source foods.\n\n11 Income was earnt through construction projects. More recent data was not available.\n\n\n8 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "acceptable food consumption score", - "confidence": 0.6877108812332153, - "start": 117, - "end": 121 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FCS", - "confidence": 0.5587846040725708, - "start": 122, - "end": 123 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mahama camp", - "confidence": 0.8701348304748535, - "start": 131, - "end": 133 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9760801196098328, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9823540449142456, - "start": 109, - "end": 111 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CotD market survey", - "confidence": 0.9888446927070618, - "start": 239, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7474539875984192, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CotD", - "confidence": 0.8444401621818542, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.803038477897644, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 7:** The daily cost of a nutritious diet for a household of five people in Mahama camp and the cost of this diet with the full food\nassistance ration, which meets 100 percent of energy needs.\n\n\n\nWith regard to the Congolese cash camps, Figure 8 shows\nthat when food expenditure [12] is accounted for, the current\ncash transfer value is only enough for households to\npurchase a diet that meets energy requirements but\nwould need to be doubled to be able to purchase a\nnutritious diet. The cash transfer value covers 47 percent\nof the cost of a nutritious diet, but households would\nrequire between 845 and 1,275 RWF per day more to\npurchase foods to meet their remaining needs. In\ncomparison, the total daily income in the cash camps in\n2016 was 1,429 RWF. The low cash value was the main\nissue with cash redemption as reported by refugee\nhouseholds.\n\n\n\nPoor dietary diversity in refugee households was\nattributed to inadequate cash value and in-kind food\nassistance in the 2018 JAM survey. The CotD results also\nidentify this. The findings from the 2017 PDM survey found\nthat the diets of households currently do not differ\nsubstantially by assistance modality. Marginally more\nhouseholds in the Congolese cash camps consumed meat\nproducts (6 percent vs. 3 percent) and heme-iron foods (4\npercent vs. 2 percent) 5 to 7 days in a week. These results\nshow that provision of cash can only result in a more\ndiverse diet if: 1) the transfer is large enough to purchase\nnutritious food, 2) nutritious fresh food is available and, 3)\nsocial behaviour change communication is undertaken to\ninform purchasing choices.\n\n\n\n**Figure 8:** The daily cost of an energy only and nutritious diet in the Congolese cash camps. Black line signifies the value of the cash-based\ntransfer which was estimated at 987 RWF per day.\n\n\n12 Assumed at 79 percent based upon 2017 PDM findings. This equated to a transfer of 987 RWF a day.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 JAM survey", - "confidence": 0.6753214597702026, - "start": 191, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9255297183990479, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Congolese cash camps", - "confidence": 0.9444342851638794, - "start": 229, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9127568602561951, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.967607319355011, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9917029738426208, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.7549985647201538, - "start": 207, - "end": 209 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8478924036026001, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Congolese cash camps", - "confidence": 0.8390877842903137, - "start": 229, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.903425931930542, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7433784008026123, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.5304595828056335, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 9:** The daily cost of a nutritious diet for a household of five people in Mahama camp with different in-kind food ration sizes in RWF .\n\n\n# **4.**\n\n**RECENT RATION CUTS MEAN HOUSEHOLDS ARE**\n**EMPLOYING COPING STRATEGIES WHICH HAVE**\n**NEGATIVELY IMPACTED FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS,**\n**PARTICULARLY HOUSEHOLD DIETARY DIVERSITY. THE**\n**COTD RESULTS EMPHASIZE DIFFICULTIES HOUSEHOLDS**\n**HAVE IN MEETING THEIR NUTRIENT NEEDS WITH A**\n**REDUCED RATION.**\n\nIn November and December 2017, the general food\nassistance (both cash and food) were reduced by 10\npercent due to funding constraints. In January 2018, this\nreduction was increased to 25 percent. Findings from a\nWFP survey in 2018 found that as a result of these ration\n\n\n\ncuts the percentage of households with poor and\nborderline food consumption doubled and dietary\ndiversity halved within the camps. The percentage of\nhouseholds employing consumption-based coping\nstrategies more than doubled with 52 percent of\nhouseholds stating that adults restricted their food\nconsumption for children to eat.\n\nFigures 9 and 10 show the potential impact that the ration\ncuts have on households\u2019 ability to purchase a nutritious\ndiet. Figure 9 shows that households in Mahama would\nrequire 668-696 RWF a day to be able to purchase a\nnutritious diet, whilst Figure 10 shows that for the\nCongolese cash camps, a 25 percent reduction in cash\nresults in households in four of the five camps not being\nable to purchase enough food to meet their energy needs.\n\n\n\n**Figure 10:** The daily cost of the energy-only and nutritious diet and the amount provided by different cash transfer values in the\nCongolese camps. It was assumed that 79 percent of the cash transfer value would be spent on food, based upon 2017 PDM findings.\n\n\n10 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 11** : Infant and Young Child (IYCF) Indicators by camp (UNHCR and WFP, 2017).\n\n\n# **5.**\n\n**BREASTFEEDING IS WIDELY PRACTICED BUT TIMELY**\n**INTRODUCTION OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING IS**\n**SUBOPTIMAL PRECLUDING ADEQUATE NUTRIENT**\n**INTAKE IN CHILDREN AGED 6-23 MONTHS. RATION**\n**CUTS HAVE NEGATIVELY IMPACTED ON THE**\n**ACHIEVEMENT OF THE CHILD\u2019S MINIMUM FOOD**\n**FREQUENCY AND MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DIET.**\n\nFigure 11 shows that 83\u2013100 percent of mothers in the\nrefugee camps reported exclusively breastfeeding their\nchildren. This figure also shows that improvements in\ncontinued breastfeeding to 2 years need to be made in\nGihembe, Kigeme, Nayabiheke and Mahama. The timely\nintroduction of complementary foods also needs\nimprovement in Kiziba and Mugombwa.\n\nTrends in stunting by age show a peak at 8\u201320 months\nwhich indicates that complementary feeding does not\nprovide the required variety and amount of nutrients. In\n2018, 41 percent of children in the refugee camps\nachieved Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), a reduction\nfrom 58 percent in 2017. Refugee children rely on\nsupplements, fortified food and/or home fortificants [13] as\nmajor sources of micronutrients. Eighty eight percent of\nmothers reported that their children consumed iron-rich\nfoods (or iron-fortified foods where there were few\nsources of iron-rich food), for 70 percent SuperCereal Plus\nand for 29 percent Multiple Micronutrient Powders (MNP)\nwas the source of iron. A mere 1 percent consumed ironrich fresh food such as meat.\n\nThe main barriers to adequate complementary feeding,\ni.e. the inclusion of animal source foods, are their limited\n\n\n13 Such as Multiple Micronutrient Powder (MNP).\n\n\n\navailability in camp markets and their unaffordability due\nto poor earning opportunities. This means that\nhouseholds need to rely on WFP assistance which is\ninsufficient to provide access to a nutritious diet. Mothers\nreported having to leave young children with their siblings\nwhen they needed to leave the camps to find work.\nSuperCereal Plus and MNPs are good micronutrient gap\nfillers for children whose diets are low in diversity, as\nindicated by low stunting and anaemia rates compared to\nthe host population.\n# **6.**\n\n**THE LITTLE DATA THAT DOES EXIST ON THE DIETS OF**\n**WOMEN AND ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN REFUGEE CAMPS**\n**SUGGESTS THAT THEIR DIETS ARE POOR AND THAT THIS**\n**IS CONTRIBUTING TO MALNUTRITION IN THEIR**\n**CHILDREN.**\n\nIn 2018, anaemia prevalence among non-pregnant\nwomen of reproductive age was on average 11 percent,\nwhich is classified according to WHO as an issue of mild\npublic health concern. This is 8 percent lower than the\nnational average in the host population, which was 19\npercent in 2015 (2018 not available). Despite this, healthseeking behaviour during pregnancy could be improved.\nSixty eight percent of pregnant women received iron and\nfolic acid tablets whilst 73 percent received SuperCereal,\nboth of which are good sources of iron (and other\nmicronutrients in the case of SuperCereal) and can\ncontribute to prevention of anaemia during pregnancy.\nCoverage was lowest in Mugombwa (52 percent received\niron and folic acid tablets and 57 percent received\nSuperCereal, oil and sugar).\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nutrient needs of adolescent girls and PLW and illustrates\nthat 61 percent of the household cost of a nutritious diet\nshould be allocated to meeting their requirements. Data\non women\u2019s diets is limited but, according to the 2018\nSENS survey, only 6 percent of women achieved Minimum\nDietary Diversity [14] (MDD-W). The high prevalence of\nanaemia in children at 6 months (70 percent) implies that\nmothers are not laying down adequate iron stores for their\nchildren during the first six months of life.\n\n\n\ngroups include: women\u2019s body mass index by age;\nconsumption of vitamin A and iron rich-food by women;\ncoverage of deworming; age at first birth; what foods\nadolescent girls are eating and; if and how diets of women\nchange when they are pregnant or breastfeeding.\n\n\n\n**Figure 12:** The percentage cost of a nutritious diet that should be attributed to different household members in Rwanda, according to\nCost of the Diet analysis.\n\n\ngroups the previous day or night. The proportion of women 15\u201349 years of age who reach this minimum in a population can be used as\na proxy indicator for higher micronutrient adequacy, one important dimension of diet quality.\n\n\n12 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 13:** Daily cost of a nutritious diet with and without targeted nutrition interventions for a household of five people in the Mahama\ncamp in RWF. School feeding refers to the Early Child Development programme.\n\n\n# **7.**\n\n**CURRENT TARGETED NUTRITION PROGRAMMES, IN**\n**COMBINATION WITH GENERAL FOOD ASSISTANCE**\n**(FOOD OR CASH), CAN REDUCE THE COST OF A**\n**NUTRITIOUS DIET FOR REFUGEE HOUSEHOLDS.**\n**HOWEVER, COMBINED PROGRAMMES ARE NOT**\n**ENOUGH TO MEET ALL OF THE HOUSEHOLD\u2019S**\n**NUTRIENT NEEDS, EMPHASIZING THE NEED TO**\n**INCREASE INCOME THOUGH ACCESS TO SKILL-**\n**BUILDING AND LIVELIHOODS.**\n\nCurrent targeted programmes include the Maternal and\nChild Health and Nutrition (MCHN) programme where\nchildren aged 6-23 months receive Supercereal Plus and\n\n\n\nPLW receive Supercereal, oil and sugar, and the Early Child\nDevelopment programme where enrolled children aged 35 years receive Supercereal and oil. Figures 13 and 14\nshow the potential impact that these interventions,\nseparately and combined, could have on reducing the cost\nof a nutritious diet for households in the camps: by 74\npercent in the Congolese cash camps and by 66 percent in\nMahama camp when combined with the food assistance.\nThe targeted interventions for nutritionally vulnerable\ngroups provide a large share of both macro and\nmicronutrients, particularly for a child under two years.\nHowever, the figures show that to meet their remaining\nnutrient requirements, households would still require 482\nRWF a day in Mahama and between 421 and 726 RWF in\nthe cash camps. These results emphasise the need to\nimprove access to skill-building and livelihood\nopportunities for refugee households.\n\n\n\n**Figure 14:** Daily cost of a nutritious diet with and without targeted nutrition interventions for a household of five people in the Congolese\ncash camps in RWF.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **8.**\n\n**CONTEXT-SPECIFIC INTEGRATED PACKAGES OF**\n**INTERVENTIONS HAVE THE GREATEST POTENTIAL TO**\n**REDUCE THE COST OF A NUTRITIOUS DIET FOR THE**\n**HOUSEHOLD AND NUTRITIONALLY VULNERABLE**\n**GROUPS, AND THUS IMPROVE NUTRIENT INTAKE AND**\n**ULTIMATELY NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HEALTH.**\n\nA range of interventions were modelled using the CotD\nfor individual target groups and the household, as guided\nby the secondary data analysis, interventions that are\ncurrently ongoing, and stakeholder consultation (shown\nin Table 1).\n\n - For children aged 6\u201323 months, fresh and fortified\nfoods reduced the cost to the household of\nproviding a nutritious diet. The MCHN programme\nhas the greatest impact in reducing these costs of\nmeeting nutrient needs.\n\n\n\n\n- A school meal with a combination of Supercereal,\nsugar, milk, dried fish, fruit and vegetables was the\nmost effective at reducing the cost to the\nhousehold of providing a nutritious diet for a\nschool aged child.\n\n\n- An MMT was the most effective at reducing the\ncost of a nutritious diet for an adolescent girl.\n\n\n- The MCHN programme and an MMT had a similar\nimpact and were the most effective at reducing the\ncost of meeting nutrient needs for a PLW.\n\n\n- For the household, fortified rice available in the\nmarkets in the Congolese camps had the greatest\nimpact on reducing the cost of a nutritious diet in\nthe cash camps. In Mahama camp fresh food\nvouchers had the greatest impact.\n\n\n\n**Table 1:** The targeted and household interventions modelled to improve nutrient intake.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Intervention|Target Group|Transfer Modality|Entry Point(s)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Multiple Micronutrient Powder|Child 6\u201323 months|In-kind
Voucher|Health
Social Protection|\n|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme15|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme15|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme15|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme15|\n|Nutrition Sensitive School Meals16|School Aged Child|In-kind|Education|\n|Iron and Folic Acid Supplement|Adolescent girl
PLW|In-kind
Voucher|Health
Social Protection|\n|Multiple Micronutrient Tablet (MMT)|Multiple Micronutrient Tablet (MMT)|Multiple Micronutrient Tablet (MMT)|Multiple Micronutrient Tablet (MMT)|\n|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme17
|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme17
|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme17
|Maternal and Child Health and
Nutrition Programme17
|\n|Nutrition-Sensitive Kitchen
Gardens18|Household|Own Production|Agriculture
Markets|\n|Smallholder Poultry Intervention19|Smallholder Poultry Intervention19|Smallholder Poultry Intervention19|Smallholder Poultry Intervention19|\n|Smallholder Rabbit Intervention20|Smallholder Rabbit Intervention20|Smallholder Rabbit Intervention20|Smallholder Rabbit Intervention20|\n|Fortifed Rice (Congolese Cash
Camps only)|Fortifed Rice (Congolese Cash
Camps only)|Market|Markets|\n|Fresh Food Vouchers21|Fresh Food Vouchers21|In-kind
Voucher|Health
Agriculture
Markets
Social Protection|\n\n\n\n15 Provision of Supercereal Plus.\n16 Supercereal and sugar with milk, fruits and vegetables (carrots, cabbage, banana and avocado) and dried fish modelled separately and in\ncombination.\n17 Provision of Supercereal, oil and sugar.\n18 Assumed a yield of 3.3kg per month (total) of biofortified beans, dodo leaves, pumpkin, pumpkin leaves and swiss chard.\n19 Provision of four chickens that lay three eggs a day.\n20 Assumed households would consume 2 rabbits a month.\n21 Provision of 12 eggs and 1kg dodo leaves per week for households with a child under 2 years, adolescent girl or a PLW.\n\n\n14 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CotD", - "confidence": 0.9351263642311096, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 15:** The potential impact that a package of targeted household level interventions could have on reducing the cost of a nutritious\ndiet in Mahama camp.\n\n# **9.**\n\n\n\n**A PACKAGE OF INTERVENTIONS IMPLEMENTED ACROSS**\n**MULTIPLE SECTOR(S) ENTRY POINTS COULD GREATLY**\n**IMPROVE HOUSEHOLD\u2019S ECONOMIC CAPACITY TO**\n**PURCHASE A NUTRITIOUS DIET.**\n\nThe most effective interventions for reducing the cost of\nmeeting nutrient intakes for individual target groups were\ncombined into packages, with the most effective\nhousehold interventions as shown in Table 2.\n\nCurrently, households in the camps receive general food\nassistance in the form of food or cash and the targeted\nprogrammes described in finding 7. Figures 15 and 16\nsummarize the impact these interventions - combined with\nothers into a package - could have on reducing the cost of\na nutritious diet. In Mahama camp, this cost could be\nreduced by as much as 86 percent and in the Congolese\ncash camps by between 59 and 89 percent. These results\ndemonstrate the possible benefits that could be gained by\nincreasing refugee\u2019s nutrient access via a package of\ninterventions across multiple entry points and sectors. The\nunderlying assumption for such an intervention is that\nadequate demand creation strategies are in place to\nensure that any cash transfers or vouchers provided\nwould be spent on nutritious food.\n\n\n\n**Table 2:** The targeted household interventions most effective at\nreducing the cost of a nutritious diet.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Camp|Target Group|Intervention|\n|---|---|---|\n|Mahama
camp
|Child 6\u201323
months
|MCHN (WFP targeted
programme shown in Fig.
13)
|\n|Mahama
camp
|School Aged
Child
|Nutrition-Sensitive School
Meal|\n|Mahama
camp
|Adolescent
Girl and PLW|MMT|\n|Mahama
camp
|Household|Fresh food vouchers
|\n|Mahama
camp
|Household|General Food Assistance
(WFP programme shown
in Fig.13)
|\n|Congolese
camps|Child 6\u201323
months
|MCHN (WFP targeted
programme shown in
Fig.14)
|\n|Congolese
camps|School Aged
Child
|Nutrition-Sensitive School
Meal|\n|Congolese
camps|Adolescent
Girl and PLW|MMT|\n|Congolese
camps|Household|Fortifed rice|\n|Congolese
camps|Household|Fresh food vouchers
|\n|Congolese
camps|Household|WFP Cash Transfer (WFP
programme shown in
Fig.14)|\n\n\n\n**Figure 16:** The potential impact that a package of targeted household level interventions could have on reducing the cost of a nutritious\ndiet in the Congolese cash camps. Current expenditure on food was assumed for the cash transfer value.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **FNG in Rwanda: Recommendations**\n\n\n\nDuring the dissemination workshop hosted by UNHCR and\nattended by the wider stakeholder group working within\nthe refugee context, the main findings of the FNG analysis\nwere shared and discussed with the participants to\nformulate recommendations. Participants then formed\nfive work groups, each focused on a different target \u2013\nchildren under 2 years; children 2-9 years; adolescent girls;\npregnant and lactating women, and households.\n\n\nEach group was asked to identify and then prioritize the\nissues for their target as identified by the FNG analysis.\nThey were then asked to brainstorm ideas for\ninterventions that would address the issues they had\nprioritized. During this section of the group work they had\nto list existing interventions, improvements to existing\ninterventions, and new interventions from different\nsectors including agriculture, health/nutrition, WASH,\neducation, social protection, gender, private sector and\nlivelihoods.\n\n\nAfter this exercise, participants were asked to select a\npackage from these interventions that would address the\nissues they prioritized for their target group. They were\nrequired to discuss the linkages that could exist between\ntheir chosen interventions and ensure that their package\nincluded interventions from at least three sectors. Finally,\nthey were asked to identify the enabling environment\nrequired for their package to be successful. They had to\n\n\n\nThe following sections outline the priority issues as\nidentified by stakeholders, and the recommendations for\ninterventions and the enabling environment.\n\n\n**PRIORITY ISSUES**\n\n\nNutritionally vulnerable target groups:\n\n\n1. Children under 5 years - high prevalence of stunting\n\nand anaemia;\n\n\n2. Children aged 6-23 months - low attainment of timely\n\nintroduction of complementary foods and MAD;\n\n3. Adolescent girls - high rates of pregnancy [22] and lack of\n\ntargeted nutrition interventions;\n\n\n4. Pregnant women - low attendance at antenatal care\n\nand low enrolment in the MCHN programme,\nespecially in Mugombwa [23] .\n\n\nHousehold:\n\n\n1. Limited livelihood and income earning opportunities.\n\n\n2. Unmet non-food needs.\n\n\n3. Misuse of resources (food assistance) provided.\n\n\n4. Limited access to, and low consumption of, high iron\n(animal source) foods.\n\n\n5. Limited access to nutrition counselling sessions or a\n\n\n\navailable.\n\n23 In 2017 between 66 percent (Gihembe) to 90 percent (Mahama) of pregnant women aged 15-49 years were enrolled in antenatal care.\nBetween 49 percent (Gihembe) to 90 percent (Mahama) of pregnant women aged 15-49 years were enrolled in the MHCN programme.\n\n16 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Develop a nutrition curriculum to be delivered to all\nage groups in schools.\n\n\n- Run after/out-of-school clubs for adolescent boys and\ngirls which engage them on topics such as nutrition,\nchild care, gender, food safety, hygiene and sanitation,\nand sexual and reproductive health.\n\n\n- Use school meals as a platform to create demand for\nnutritious foods. Suggestions included:\n\n\n - Including MNPs in school meals in the short\nterm to improve micronutrient density;\n\n\n - Scaling up the One Cup of Milk per Child\nprogramme to schools in refugee\ncommunities, linking to host population\nfamilies who are enrolled in the GIRINKA [24 ]\n\nprogramme;\n\n\n - Working with the private sector to provide a\nfortified food that could be included in school\nmeals;\n\n\n - Linking with smallholder animal and vegetable\nproducers in the host community to supply\nschools with fresh, nutritious foods (especially\nmilk, eggs, dodo leaves, iron rich biofortified\nbeans and orange flesh sweet potatoes);\n\n\n - Including a strong component of WASH in\nschools to ensure meals are prepared safely\nand providing hand washing facilities to\nprevent illness.\n\n\n- Use schools as a platform to collect nutrition and\nhealth data on adolescents.\n\n\n- Use schools as a platform to deliver MMTs or iron and\nfolic acid tablets to adolescent girls.\n\n\n24 One cow per household programme.\n\n\n\n\n- Scale up an integrated package of improved\nsmallholder livestock and kitchen garden interventions\nwith a focus on eggs, milk and high iron vegetables\ncombined with a strong component of nutrition and\nWASH education. Suggestions included:\n\n\n - Use innovative methods to maximise space\n(e.g. vertical gardening), and prioritize ironand vitamin A-rich crops such as dodo leaves\nand biofortified high-iron beans.\n\n\n - Invest in, and improve access to, water and\nirrigation to make kitchen gardens a viable\nprogramme during the dry season.\n\n\n- Implement programmes that optimize agricultural land\nand livestock by integrating the resources of refugee\nand host communities and ensuring products are\nequally shared.\n\n\n- Link livelihood activities to child friendly spaces or Early\nChild Development centres and ensure that nutritious\nfoods are given to children enrolled in these\nprogrammes.\n\n\n- Conduct research on gaps in the employment market\nand invest in vocational training curricula for refugees\nto fill these gaps. Provide cash grants after training to\nenable refugee men and women to set up businesses\nor invest in their livelihood activities. Vocational\ntraining should also be offered to adolescent girls and\nboys who drop out of school.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NUTRITION EDUCATION**\n\n\n- Adapt nutrition messages (currently, only included in\nhealth sector activities) to other target groups and\nintegrate them into agriculture, social protection and\nWASH activities.\n\n\n- Expand mother-to-mother support group\nprogrammes to include groups specifically for\nadolescent girls (i.e. girl\u2013to-girl group programme).\n\n\n- Engage local leaders or religious figures to encourage\nmen to attend nutrition education sessions and to\nengage in messages, particularly those related to men\ntaking an active role in domestic work (including small\nlivestock and kitchen gardens) and child care.\n\n\n- Find male champions who support their wives in\ndomestic chores and child care, who believe in making\ndecisions equally, and who can act as male change\nagents in the community.\n\n\n\n**ENABLING ENVIRONMENT**\n\n\nPolicy and Strategy Frameworks\n\n\n- Develop a long-term strategy that graduates refugees\nfrom assistance dependence to self-reliance, and\nrenew government commitment to the\nComprehensive Refugee Response Framework.\n\n\n- Continue investment and implementation of UNHCR\u2019s\nEconomic Inclusion of Refugees Strategy.\n\n\nCoordination and Synergies across Agencies and Sectors\n\n\n- Improve the coordination between health, education,\nWASH, gender and social protection sectors.\n\n\n- Ensure nutrition messages are tailored to different\ntarget groups and integrated into other sector\nprogrammes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Resources\n\n\n- Ensure health centres have continuous stock of iron\nand folic acid tablets.\n\n\n- Build capacity of health staff, teachers, agriculture\nextension workers and WASH sector staff in nutrition.\n\n\nAdvocacy\n\n\n- Use the FNG results on ration cuts to advocate to\ndonors for consistency in funding for general food\nassistance.\n\n\n- Sensitise the host community about refugees right to\nwork in Rwanda.\n\n\nData Gaps\n\n\n- The drivers of high anaemia in camps.\n\n\n- Better disaggregation of livelihoods earning\nopportunities for refugees included remittances.\nCurrent PDM has an \u2018other\u2019 category for sources of\nincome that the majority of responses fall into, so\nunderstanding what \u2018other\u2019 means is important for\nongoing analysis.\n\n\n- What nutritious, fresh foods are available in the\nmarkets where refugees buy food and whether supply\ncould respond to an increase in demand (e.g. through\nschool meals or uptake of behaviour change\n\n\n\nmessaging).\n\n\n- The reasons for low attainment of timely introduction\nof complementary feeding in camps.\n\n\n- The reasons for fluctuations in the attainment of MAD\nin camps between 2016 and 2018.\n\n\n- Women\u2019s BMI by age.\n\n\n- Age at first birth.\n\n\n- Whether and how the diets of women change when\nthey are pregnant or breastfeeding.\n\n\n- An understanding of whether income figures for\nrefugees include money that is earned by selling food\nassistance.\n\n\n- Gaps in the employment market (beyond agriculture)\nin refugee and host communities, which could be filled\nby trained refugees.\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "20 |\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CONTRIBUTORS\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap team at the WFP HQ Nutrition Division,\nwith particular thanks to Amy Deptford and Neil Mirochnick,\nPierre Momcilovic, Sara Lisa \u00d8rstavik, Indira Bose, Saskia de\nPee and Jane Badham; the WFP Rwanda Country Office team,\nwith particular thanks to Nadia Musaninkindi, Robert AckatiaArmah, Tanimoune Mahamadou, Christine Klotz, Damien\nNsengiyumva, Damien Fontaine, Masae Shimomura,\nAbdurrahim Siddiqui and Edith Heines; the UNHCR Country\nOffice team, with particular thanks to Zinnia Sultana, Ahmed\nBaba Fall and Jonathan Calbayan, and; the WFP Regional\nBureau Nairobi with particular thanks to Jo Jacobsen. The FNG\nwas funded by UNICEF, the Swiss Development Bank, the\nGerman Cooperation and Nutrition International under the\nTechnical Assistance for Nutrition (TAN) project, funded with UK\naid from the UK government.\n\n\n**Photos:**\n\n\nFront page: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 1: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 5: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 7: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 12 WFP/Challiss McDonough\nPage 16: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 17: WFP/Riccardo Gangale\nPage 18: WFP/Jonathan Eng\nPage 19: WFP/Rein Skullerud\nPage 20: WFP/Rein Skullerud\n\n\n\nLIST OF ACRONYMS\n\nCotD Cost of the Diet\nFAO Food and Agriculture Organization\nFNG Fill the Nutrient Gap\nGAM Global Acute Malnutrition\nIFA Iron Folic Acid\nIYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding\nJAM Joint Assessment Mission\nLP Linear Programming\nMAD Minimum Acceptable Diet\nMCHN Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition\nMMT Multiple Micronutrient Tablet\nMNP Multiple Micronutrient Powders\nNGO Non-Government Organisation\nNISR National Institute of Statistics Rwanda\nPDM Post-Distribution Monitoring\nPLW Pregnant and Lactating Women\nRWF Rwandan Francs\nSENS Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey\nUN United Nations\nUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nUNICEF United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\nWHO World Health Organization\nWFP World Food Programme\n\n\nFill the Nutrient Gap Rwanda | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RWF Rwandan Francs\nSENS Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.65606290102005, - "start": 300, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8685840964317322, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rwanda", - "confidence": 0.9663925170898438, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nutrition Division (OSN)\n\n\n**World Food Programme**\n\nVia Cesare Giulio Viola 68/70\n00148 Rome, Italy\nT +39 06 65131 wfp.org\n\n\nThe FNG analysis was funded by:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/efc500d5-d424-334a-9e94-6f2364f7cbfe/WFP-0000107045.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_747/raw/doc_747_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_747/raw/doc_747_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5993e9df63f419818994e5ce910921d960f241ae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_747/raw/doc_747_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Based on observations and feedback from assisted families and communities, dual currency disbursement in May 2023 was\nmuch more efficient than LBP-only disbursement in the first 4 months of the year. It has also allowed refugees receiving cash\nassistance to access a more appropriate transfer value.\n\n\nFamilies were able to access their assistance in a quicker, safer, and overall, more dignified manner. Significant reductions in\ncrowding, waiting times, and tensions at redemption points also had positive impacts on the wider community. Access to dual\ncurrency redemption also benefitted retailers and minimal impact is expected on the wider Lebanese economy.\n\n\nFeedback for this report was gathered from various sources\u00b9 that all point to the significant improvements as a result of the\nre-introduction of dual currency disbursement.\n\n\n\n**I.** **Background: Increasing Operational**\n**Challenges**\n\n\nIn the beginning of 2023, operational challenges were\nincreasingly threatening the sustainability of delivering cash\nassistance to refugees in local currency. The required\nincrease of transfer values in February and March to\nmaintain the level of assistance in a context of high inflation\nand currency depreciation, led to widespread occurrences of\nredemption points running out of cash. As a result,\ncrowding, waiting times, and cost to redeem increased\nsignificantly for assisted families. These challenges in turn\nled to more visibility, tensions, and harassment at\nredemption points.\n\n\nThe transfer value increases in February and March were not\nenough to offset the additional inflation caused by recordhigh currency depreciation and price increases in local\ncurrency between January and April 2023. [2] As a result,\ntransfer values only covered 41 and 22 percent of food and\nnon-food needs in April 2023.\n\n\nLoss of purchasing power had an impact on households\u2019\ncapacity to meet food and other basic needs. WFP-UNHCR\nBasic Needs outcome monitoring conducted in March 2023\nshowed that 68 percent of assisted households did not have\nthe economic capacity to meet their basic needs, up from 62\npercent in June 2022.\n\n\n\n**II.** **Returning to Dual Currency Disbursement**\n\n\nPrior to October 2019, cash assistance could be redeemed in\nUSD and LBP. Redemption was then limited to LBP as\nbanking restrictions were put in place at the start of the\neconomic crisis. In a phased return to the pre-crisis setup,\nLebanese households enrolled in the National Poverty\nTargeting Programme (NPTP) have been able to redeem in\nUSD or LBP since September 2021.\u00b3 The dual currency\noption is preferred by NPTP households as it allows for a\nmore convenient redemption experience and the value of\ntheir assistance remains constant despite currency\ndepreciation.\n\n\nFollowing 4 months of discussions with the Government and\nCentral Bank of Lebanon, WFP and UNHCR re-initiated dual\ncurrency disbursements of cash assistance for Syrian\nrefugees on 24 May.\n\n\nTransfer values were set at US$ 20 per person for food (to a\nmaximum of 5 individuals) and US$ 25 per household for\nother basic needs.\n\n\nOn 27 May, at the request of the Prime Minister, the UN\nagreed to further discussions on the continuation of dual\ncurrency disbursement.\n\n\n\n\u00b9 Sources of information referred to in this report include field monitoring by UNHCR, WFP, and partner staff; WFP and UNHCR community feedback mechanisms, focus group\ndiscussions with beneficiaries across the country; key informant interviews with cooperating partners, the financial service provider, security forces, and local authorities\nincluding mayors and governors; an ATM redemption experience survey of 8,050 assisted households representative at ATM level; survey of retailers representing over 50\npercent of shops; and detailed transaction analysis.\n\n\n\u00b2 Following record-high currency depreciation and inflation between January and April 2023, a relatively stable exchange rate on the informal market observed since April has\nnot positively impacted prices at this point. The cost of essential goods monitored by WFP increased by an additional 10% between March and April as retail prices are still\nadjusting to past fluctuations in the exchange rate. Stabilized prices would require a prolonged period without exchange rate shocks.\n\n\n\u00b3 The Strategic Task Force on Cash agreed in April 2021 to a phased approach to re-introduce dual currency disbursement for cash assistance. This started in September 2021\nfor WFP with beneficiaries receiving NPTP and livelihoods assistance. Prior to May 2023, UNHCR\u2019s and WFP\u2019s assistance programmes to refugees remained the last large-scale\ncash programmes relying on LBP disbursements only.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6781b9ff-3328-4a57-be22-eb2a71dbe6a5/WFP-0000150919.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III.** **Overview of May 2023 Redemption**\n\n\nWithin the first two weeks of the start of dual currency\ndisbursement, 93 percent of all refugee families receiving\nWFP and UNHCR assistance successfully redeemed their\nassistance.\n\n\n**MTO**\n\n\n## **51%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at ATMs**\n\n\n## **18%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at MTOs**\n\n\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at shops**\n\n\n\nLess than 1% redeemed at both ATMs and MTOs.\n\n\nEven with loading happening over 8 days instead of the\nusual 10 days, **94 percent of households receiving cash**\n**assistance through ATMs/MTOs were able to redeem in**\n**10 days instead of the 19 days it took in the January\u2013**\n**April cycles.**\n\n\n\nAvailability of notes of smaller denominations (US$5 and US$10)\nwas also a challenge at MTOs, leading many families to\nexchange their USD transaction to LBP. Pre-financing and\nliquidity challenges at some MTOs were also noted by field\nmonitoring and WFP and UNHCR\u2019s partners but have since been\nresolved. These challenges were linked to an existing issue\nbetween the MTO and its agents, not to dual currency\ndisbursement as such.\n\n\n**VI.** **The Redemption Experience**\n\n\nAssisted families, field staff, the financial service provider, and\nlocal authorities reported satisfaction with the operational\nimprovements as a result of dual currency disbursement,\nnamely the significant decreases in the transaction and waiting\ntime and fewer crowds.\n# **60x**\n\n**With USD notes, each ATM now has the**\n**capacity to serve 60 more times the number**\n**of people before it needs to be replenished.**\n\n\nThanks to the availability of USD notes, ATMs were operational\nand used for redemption for at least three times the amount of\ntime in May compared to LBP-only redemption in previous\nmonths.\n\n\nThe financial service provider reported that the time before an\nATM needs to be replenished is now much longer with the\naddition of USD notes compared to only LBP notes. Partner staff\nalso corroborated the reduced need for replenishments,\nparticularly at the most utilized ATMs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**people reporting that the ATM was out of cash at the time**\nMost families redeeming at ATMs or MTOs (97 percent) **of their visit reduced from 12 percent in April to 1.5**\nwithdrew all or a substantial part of their assistance in US **percent in May.**\ndollars. Over 94 percent of households needed only one visit\nto the ATM to withdraw their assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo ATM functionality issues were reported that could be\ndirectly attributed to the resumption of dual currency\ndisbursement. Functionality of ATMs, particularly in locations\nnot linked to bank branches, significantly increased as the\nnumber of people who could be served with one\nreplenishment of USD banknotes is significantly higher.\n\n\nBoth currencies were available at most locations, with ATMs\nrunning out of LBP slightly faster than USD in some off-site\nATMs in Bekaa. ATMs running out of US$10 notes faster than\nLBP and US$100 bills were observed at a few locations in\nBeirut and Mount Lebanon.\n\n\nAssisted families expressed their preference to receive their\nentire entitlement in USD and many opted to use the\nmanual entry option to try to withdraw their full entitlements\nin USD.\n\n\nAs US$5 bills are not available at ATMs, most people choose\nto withdraw their US$5 balances in LBP instead of keeping it\nfor the next month.\n\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES** APRIL \u201823 MAY \u201823\n\n\nTECHNICAL ISSUES AT ATMS **18%** **3.4%**\n\n\nATMS OUT OF CASH **12%** **1.5%**\n\n\nGAP BETWEEN TRANSACTIONS **7 HRS** **2 HRS**\n\n\n\nTIME TO DISPENSE CASH\n\n\nCROWDS AT ATMS (10+ PEOPLE)\n\n\nWAITING TIME TO\nSUCCESSFULLY REDEEM\n\n\n\n**46 SEC** **22 SEC**\n\n\n**48%** **15%**\n\n\n**41 MIN 12 MIN**\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6781b9ff-3328-4a57-be22-eb2a71dbe6a5/WFP-0000150919.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ATMs were observed to be operational with cash available\nand for longer hours, with a 70 percent reduction in ATMs\nobserved to be out of cash by field staff during monitoring\nvisits.\n\nThe average gap between transactions at the busiest ATMs,\npresumably because ATMs were out of cash or otherwise\nnot functional, dropped from 7 to 2 hours between April and\nMay.\n\n\n**Waiting time and crowds at ATMs drastically decreased**\n**because ATMs stayed operational for longer and**\n**transactions were faster.**\n\n\nThe financial service provider noted that ATM dispensers\ntook 22 seconds during the dual currency redemption\ncompared to 46 seconds when they only disbursed in LBP,\nhaving to count only 3 instead of 40 notes.\n\n\nPeople reporting more than ten other people at the ATM at\nthe time of their visit dropped from 48 percent in April to 15\npercent in May. As a result, the average waiting time to\nsuccessfully redeem at the ATM reported dropped from 41\nminutes in April to 12 minutes in May.\n\n\nIn the Beirut area, people reported a reduction in the total\ntime it took for them to redeem their assistance, including\nvisiting multiple ATMs or waiting for replenishment, from\nbetween 2-4 hours in April to 5-30 minutes in May. In Zahle,\npeople noted a reduction in waiting from 1-5 hours in\nprevious months to 5-10 minutes while in Tripoli, the\nreduction in waiting time was from 3 hours to 3 minutes.\n\n\n**Local authorities across the country, including mayors**\n**and governors, and field partners also reported less**\n**crowding as a key benefit from the dual currency**\n**redemption.**\n\n\n\n**VI.** **Safe and dignified access to assistance and**\n**reduced tensions around redemption points**\n\n\nSome partners and local authorities had highlighted that the\nre-introduction of dual currency could risk more social\ntensions and protection risks for refugees. Assisted families,\nfield staff, local authorities, security forces, and the financial\nservice provider have all reported reduced or no tensions at\nredemption points because of faster and smoother\nredemption processes.\n\n\n**The safety and security of people redeeming at ATMs**\n**have improved because of less crowding.**\n\n\n\n**Families**\n**reporting**\n**protection**\n**risks**\n\n\n## **12%**\n\nIn February\n\n\n\n\n\n**Multiple**\n**visits**\n**to ATMs**\n\n\n## **37%**\n\nin April\n\n\n\n\n\nFocus group participants reported spending less on\ntransport to redeem as they only needed one trip to the ATM\nor MTO to redeem. From the ATM experience survey, people\nreporting visiting multiple ATMs to redeem assistance\ndropped from 36 to 17 percent between April and May.\n\n\n**Assisted families expressed their satisfaction with the**\n**redemption set-up but expressed concerns about the**\n**delay in assistance in May and uncertainty about future**\n**assistance** .\n\n\nThe WFP call centre saw a 50 percent increase in calls\nreceived from refugees between April and May. Most\nrequests for information pertained to the status and future\nof their assistance.\n\n\n\nThe number of assisted families reporting facing protection\nrisks reduced from 12 percent in February to 2 percent in\nMay. The number of people reporting paying a commission\nalso reduced from 3 percent in February to 0.1 percent in\nMay.\n\n\nParticipants in focus group discussions across the country\nalso reported fewer safety and security issues such as verbal\nabuse and other forms of harassment in May as they were no\nlonger waiting in crowds and for a long time at the bank.\n\n\n**As a result of less crowding, people reporting dignified**\n**access to the ATMs increased from 74 percent in**\n**February (85 percent in April) to 94 percent in May.**\n\n\nThe elderly and women (and their children) felt safer when\nredeeming their assistance because of fewer crowds at\nredemption points.\n\n\nThe financial service provider also confirmed that their\nbranches in Bekaa, Saida, and Tripoli reported drastically\nreduced tensions and no crowding issues.\n\n## **50%**\n\nIncrease in\ncalls\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM experience survey", - "confidence": 0.9987288117408752, - "start": 503, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8617294430732727, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9231886267662048, - "start": 528, - "end": 530 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6781b9ff-3328-4a57-be22-eb2a71dbe6a5/WFP-0000150919.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**VI.** **Overall increase in assisted families\u2019**\n**purchasing power**\n\n\nThe new transfer values represented a significant increase\nfor most assisted families, a positive step supported also by\npartners and some local authorities.\n\n\nFamilies receiving assistance to meet their food needs saw a\n78 percent increase in the value they received in May\ncompared to April. Families receiving only assistance to meet\ntheir non-food basic needs highlighted that the value of their\nassistance slightly reduced in May compared to previous\nmonths given the informal exchange rate in May.\n\n\n\n\n\n_Food Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket per person/month_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nApril May\n\n\nAssisted families were able to pay rent, buy a wider variety\nof food items, and reported better retail experiences as\nitems are already priced in USD in supermarkets, shops and\nmarkets, and pharmacies. The ability to pay in dollars\ncircumvents the different LBP exchange rates set by shops.\n\n\nIn addition, families relayed that prior to the dual currency\noption, they were exchanging their LBP to meet expenses\ndenominated in USD, previously mostly rent but now\nextended to most of their expenditures including food,\nenergy, and medicine. Having access to USD now removes\nany potential loss of value of assistance through fluctuating\nexchange rates.\n\n\nDespite this increase, transfer values are still not enough for\nfamilies to meet their food and other basic needs. Some\nassisted families have already reported an increase in rent\nprices.\n\n\n\n\n\n**VI.** **Improved operational efficiency for WFP-**\n**contracted local businesses**\n\n\nDual currency redemption has led to improved price\ntransparency, operational efficiency, and retailer satisfaction\nfor WFP\u2019s food e-card programme.\n\n\nAll shops visited by field teams had prices clearly displayed\nin USD with the rate visible on the counter, providing price\ntransparency to assisted families, which has historically been\nan issue with LBP-only redemption.\n\n\nRetailers also reported that pricing in USD allows them to\nprice more accurately without needing to make frequent\nchanges due to the exchange rate.\n\n\nAll of the retailers surveyed were satisfied with the dual\ncurrency set-up and said that the change to dual currency\nincreased sales and has significantly improved their ability to\noperate their business and provide better service to assisted\nfamilies.\n\n\n**VI.** **Minimal impact on the economy**\n\n\nReturning to dual currency disbursement follows a trend in\nthe wider Lebanese context of increased use of US dollars in\nthe economy. Humanitarian cash assistance is a small\nfraction of the total trade in both official and informal\nmarkets. Given that many goods and services are already\npriced in dollars, the impact of dual currency disbursement\nis expected to be limited and unlikely to trigger additional\ninflation. In addition, as importers no longer rely on letters of\ncredit to access hard currency for subsidized imports and\nbecause of the increased circulation of USD and a smaller\nLBP market, the impact of dual currency disbursement on\nthese factors is also minimal.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6781b9ff-3328-4a57-be22-eb2a71dbe6a5/WFP-0000150919.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_748/raw/doc_748_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_748/raw/doc_748_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b8d8b37e6e58b8e95b078728f933c33df8b347f8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_748/raw/doc_748_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The re-establishment of dual currency redemption for assistance to refugees in May 2023 resulted in significant improvements\nin terms of ATM functionality, crowding, and waiting time. This in turn led to a substantial rise in the overall amount of\nassistance. In May 2023, the value of cash assistance received by Syrian refugees, specifically for food expenses, covered 76\npercent of the Survival Minimum Expenditure basket (SMEB), up from 39 percent in April 2023. However, the non-food portion\nof the transfer value remained sufficient to cover only 19 percent of the non-food SMEB, in line with April 2023 coverage.\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP resumed dual currency disbursement starting with May 2023 assistance cycle. However, the cash assistance\nfor refugees was delayed for two weeks in June 2023 to ensure that the findings from May\u2019s cycle were conducive to pursuing\nthe dual currency redemption. Feedback gathered from various sources confirmed that dual currency disbursement continued\nto prove more efficient, safer, and more dignified access to assistance for assisted families with additional positive benefits for\ncommunities and Lebanese businesses.\n\n\n**I.** **In Context: Cash Assistance in Lebanon**\n\n\n\nVulnerable populations in Lebanon received US$ 64.3 million\nin cash assistance in June 2023 to support their food and\nother basic needs from UNHCR, WFP, and the Government of\nLebanon via WFP-implemented cash transfers.\n\n\n - US$ 22.9 million for 1 million Syrian refugees\n\n\n - US$ 8.9 million for 380,000 Lebanese through the National\nPoverty Targeting Programme (NPTP)\n\n - US$ 32.5 million for 404,000 Lebanese through the\nEmergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Programme\n\n\nOut of the US$ 64 million, 64 percent was disbursed to\nLebanese families through the Government\u2019s National Social\nSafety Nets. The assistance disbursed to Lebanese in June was\nsignificantly higher than the usual monthly assistance\namounts as it includes retroactive disbursements for previous\nmonths allowing Lebanese families to receive their full\nentitlements from the ESSN Programme from March till June\n2023.\n\n\nThese large-scale disbursements and operational flexibility\nwere made possible thanks to the significant redemption and\naccess to assistance improvements made on the refugee\nassistance side associated with the re-establishment of dual\ncurrency redemption.\n\n\nDisbursement of assistance to refugees started on 23 June\nand took place in parallel to disbursements to ESSN and NPTP\nfamilies without any notable challenges or pressure on the\ncash redemption network or any significant tensions reported.\n\n\n## **50%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at ATMs**\n\n\n\n1 Million Refugees\n22.9 M USD\n\n\n784,000 Lebanese\n41.4 M USD\n\n\n\n**Lebanese** **Refugees**\n\n\n\n**II.** **Overview of June 2023 Redemption**\n\n\nLoading of cash assistance for the June cycle was staggered\nover 5 days compared to 7 days in May and 10 days in January\n\n- April. The last loading day and subsequent redemption\nperiods coincided with the Eid al Adha holiday.\n\n\nDespite the shortened loading period and higher traffic at\nATMs due to the holiday period and cash disbursements for\nthe NPTP and ESSN, the redemption rate remained high, and\nthe overall redemption experience improved. Within the first\ntwo weeks of loading for the June cycle, all refugee families\nreceiving UNHCR and WFP cash assistance had successfully\nredeemed their entitlements.\n\n\n**MTO**\n\n\n## **19%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at MTOs**\n\n\n## **31%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at shops**\n\n\n\n\u00b9 Sources of information referred to in this report include field monitoring by UNHCR, WFP, and partner staff; WFP and UNHCR community feedback mechanisms, focus group\ndiscussions with beneficiaries across the country; key informant interviews with cooperating partners, the financial service provider, security forces, and local authorities\nincluding mayors and governors; an ATM redemption experience survey of 3,000 assisted households representative at ATM level; survey of retailers representing over 80\npercent of shops; and detailed transaction analysis.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM redemption experience survey", - "confidence": 0.9877198338508606, - "start": 738, - "end": 742 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.688400387763977, - "start": 741, - "end": 742 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted households", - "confidence": 0.9206221699714661, - "start": 746, - "end": 748 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey of retailers", - "confidence": 0.9877588152885437, - "start": 753, - "end": 756 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9714785814285278, - "start": 753, - "end": 754 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "shops", - "confidence": 0.7016555666923523, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7c3c47-8e2a-4255-b61b-34f7186be49d/WFP-0000151334.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Within the first five days of the start of June disbursement on\n23 June, **77 percent of all refugee families receiving WFP**\n**and UNHCR assistance successfully redeemed their**\n**entitlements, compared to 54 percent for the period**\n**between February-April 2023.** The percentage of\nhouseholds redeeming their assistance on day 6 decreased by\n8 points in June compared to May. This decline was attributed\nto the coinciding Eid el Adha holiday.\n\n\nDue to a faster loading schedule, the redemption pace as a\nshare of the loaded amount and households was slower in\nJune than in May. Despite this, by the 10th day after loading in\nJune, **86 percent of households had redeemed their**\n**assistance compared to 75 percent between February**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe operational improvements witnessed in May continued in\nJune, resulting in significant decreases in waiting time and\ncrowding at ATMs, and high satisfaction with the redemption\nprocess for assisted families, partner staff, and many local\nauthorities.\n\n\n**In a survey of 3,000 assisted families who redeemed**\n**assistance in June, people continued to report fewer**\n**issues at ATMs, an improvement compared to previous**\n**months, including in May.**\n\n\nReports of crowds at ATMs and waiting time to redeem were\nsimilar to May, a significant improvement from April and\nprevious months.\n\n\nAcross the country, field teams of WFP, UNHCR, and their\npartners corroborated these findings. The increased availability\nof cash in ATMs and reduced need for replenishments resulted\nin an average waiting time in queues to redeem at an ATM in\nJune of two to ten minutes, compared to an average of ten\nminutes in May and up to one hour in February.\n\n\nThe overall transaction time has decreased by around 40%\nfollowing the resumption of dual currency disbursement (42%\nfor May cycle and 36% for June cycle).\n\n\n**KEY FIGURES** APRIL \u201823 MAY \u201923 JUNE \u201823\n\n\nTECHNICAL ISSUES AT ATMS **18%** **3.4% 1.6%**\n\n\nATMS OUT OF CASH **12%** **1.5% 1%**\n\n\nGAP BETWEEN TRANSACTIONS **7 HRS** **2 HRS** **2 HRS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMost families redeeming at ATMs or MTOs (96 percent)\ncontinued to withdraw their assistance in US dollars and\nspoke of the need to pay bills in USD. Most also continued to\nwithdraw their US$ 5 balances in LBP instead of keeping it for\nthe next month, given the unavailability of smaller\ndenomination notes (less than US$ 10) at ATMs.\n\n\n**III.** **A Closer Look at ATM Functionality**\n\n\nFor the second month, no ATM functionality issues were\nreported that could be attributed to the resumption of dual\ncurrency disbursement but rather to some recurrent technical\nchallenges due to the overall context. For example, crowds\nwere observed for two consecutive days at a few ATM\nlocations, because of a lack of electricity supply, leading to an\ninterruption of service. Some liquidity challenges were also\nreported at MTOs but, like the ATMs, existing issues were not\nattributed to dual currency disbursement.\n\n\nWith the availability of US dollar banknotes, ATMs required\nless replenishment and could serve more people \u2013 both in\nterms of available liquidity and because the time required to\ncomplete each transaction decreased.\n\n\nAt the busiest seven ATMs in Zahle and Chtaura (as a\nrepresentative sample), the replenishment frequency was\nreduced by more than 66 percent on average between pre\nand post dual currency implementation in 2023.\n\n\nInstead of an average of 210 replenishments per month for\nthe same sampled ATMs in the January \u2013 April period, the\nfinancial service provider only needed 70 replenishments to\nsatisfy the demand after the re-establishment of dual\ncurrency redemption in May. In June, the same ATMs required\na total of 68 replenishments.\n\n\n\nTIME TO DISPENSE CASH\n\n\nCROWDS AT ATMS\n(10+ PEOPLE)\n\n\nWAITING TIME TO\nSUCCESSFULLY REDEEM\n\n\n\n**46 SEC** **23 SEC 32 SEC**\n\n\n**48%** **15% 15%**\n\n\n**41 MIN 12 MIN 13 MIN**\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7c3c47-8e2a-4255-b61b-34f7186be49d/WFP-0000151334.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "There was a sharp decline of 50 percent in the number of\nclaims regarding issues at the ATM to the WFP call centre in\nMay and June 2023. The overall number of claims from\nrefugees also stabilized in June, following a 50 percent increase\nin May due to the delay and uncertainty around assistance.\n\n\n\n**Families**\n**reporting**\n**Issues at**\n**ATMs**\n\n\n\n\n\n**V.** **Safe and Dignified Access to Assistance**\n\n\nReduced crowding and waiting times in May and June resulted\nin quicker, safer, and more dignified withdrawal experiences.\nSatisfaction with the operational improvements of dual\ncurrency redemption was expressed by all assisted families\ninterviewed in focus group discussions across the country.\nThey noted increased safety measures, successful withdrawals\non the first attempt, the absence of card brokers, and a\nreduction in verbal harassment. Participants did not encounter\nany security issues during the process of redemption.\n\n\nWomen, in particular, noted that they had feared withdrawing\nlarge amounts of cash and needed someone to accompany\nthem for safety, but dual currency redemption contributed to a\nmore positive and secure environment for cash withdrawals.\n\n\n_**\"After the implementation of the dual currency system, I now**_\n_**feel a greater sense of safety while withdrawing assistance from**_\n_**ATMs. Now I receive a single banknote, there is no need to count**_\n_**multiple notes in front of everyone as I had to do before.\"**_\n\n_**Female participant in a focus group discussion**_\n\n\nMost interviewed people reported waiting only around five\nminutes to withdraw their assistance, compared to a full\nmorning previously. With more cash available, they only need\nto make one trip to an ATM to successfully withdraw cash\ncompared to up to 10 trips previously, also saving on\ntransportation costs \u2013 up to four times, as reported by some.\n\n\n_**\u201cMy confidence and security have significantly increased when**_\n_**withdrawing assistance from ATMs. I no longer lose money while**_\n_**exchanging from Lebanese Pound to USD for rent payments.\u201d**_\n\n_**Female participant in a focus group discussion**_\n\n\nSome assisted families reported an increase in discriminatory\nstatements after the introduction of dual currency redemption,\nparticularly on social media, but did not face any serious\nincidents in their daily life as a result. Rather, much of the\ntensions already existed within and between communities,\nwith the common misconception that Syrians had always had\naccess to USD and are better covered than the Lebanese, while\nthe Lebanese allegedly do not receive assistance.\n\n\nThe ATM experience survey covering over 3,000 Syrian refugee\nhouseholds confirmed the results of the focus group\ndiscussions. The number of assisted families reporting facing\nprotection risks further reduced in June to 1.3 percent from 2\npercent in May and 12 percent in February. Similarly, the\nnumber of people reporting paying a commission also reduced\nfrom 3 percent in February to 0.1 percent in May and 0.03\npercent in June. People reporting dignified access to the ATMs\nwas 95 percent in June, in line with May values and up from 85\npercent in April and 74 percent in February.\n\n\n\nIn interviews with governors, mayors, and heads of\nmunicipalities, the local authorities also acknowledged the\nbenefits of dual currency redemption in reducing crowding and\nvisibility and improving operational efficiency. At the same\ntime, many raised concerns about the impact on inflation, the\nsocioeconomic situation of Lebanese communities, and\npotential outflows to Syria, noting that most assisted Syrian\nfamilies are in fact not covering their basic needs with the cash\nprovided, making it unlikely that they will be able to save any\nmoney, and the additional pressure on the rent which\nsignificantly increased since early 2023, limiting some gains\nfrom the increased purchasing power linked with the dual\ncurrency implementation since May 2023.\n\n\nSeveral mentioned that they were aware of the support for\nLebanese through the national safety nets and of the\nmisconception that more assistance is provided to Syrians\nthan to Lebanese and suggested that this is better\ncommunicated throughout communities.\n\n\n**VI.** **Transfer Value & Effect on Purchasing Power**\n\n\nConsidering the value of assistance and the value of food,\ngoods, and services purchased on credit in March 2023, the\nmedian per capita expenditure of Syrian refugee households\nwas US$ 37 which represented approximately 75 percent of\nthe Standard Minimum Expenditure Basket (SMEB). To be able\nto afford the SMEB without incurring further debts, Syrian\nrefugee households required, in March 2023, US$ 34 per\nperson per month. In March, about 40 percent of this amount\nwas covered by assistance for households receiving a full\npackage or food ecard while for those receiving cash\nassistance under other modalities, the assistance only covered\n18 percent of the gap.\n\n\nWhile more recent expenditure data are currently being\ncollected, it is estimated that the amount of assistance\nreceived would cover between 53 and 58 percent of the gap\nfor households receiving a full package or food ecard while it\nwould only cover 15 percent of the required amount among\nhouseholds receiving assistance under other modalities.\n\n\nAssisted families noted that the increased transfer values for\nfood provided greater purchasing power and ability to access a\ngreater variety of food including chicken, oil, and sugar, and to\npay for other essential needs such as rent and health\nexpenses. Yet others highlighted that the initial gains in\npurchasing power were met by increases in rent that did not\nallow them to increase their food expenditures.\n\n\n_**\u201cThe value of the assistance won't diminish due to fluctuating**_\n_**exchange rates. I can now afford to purchase a greater variety of**_\n_**items for my family.\"**_\n_**Male participant from a focus group discussion**_\n\n\nConcerns were raised during these discussions and from\nfeedback gathered by field staff about rising rent prices\nfollowing dual currency redemption. Most families reported\nexperiencing rental increases and payment in USD prior to\nMay but reported a recent increase in June. Several\nparticipants reported an increase in rent by US$ 25.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM experience survey", - "confidence": 0.9994428753852844, - "start": 512, - "end": 515 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8990409970283508, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee\nhouseholds", - "confidence": 0.9484909772872925, - "start": 520, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "expenditure data", - "confidence": 0.8555975556373596, - "start": 929, - "end": 931 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7821851968765259, - "start": 825, - "end": 826 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.568268358707428, - "start": 874, - "end": 875 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9779386520385742, - "start": 833, - "end": 836 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7c3c47-8e2a-4255-b61b-34f7186be49d/WFP-0000151334.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Still, others reported experiencing regular rental increases\nevery six months resulting from the increased acceleration of\ncash dollarization of the economy in recent months, with\nbusinesses setting prices and denominating most of their\ncontracts and salaries in US dollars and not because of dual\ncurrency redemption.\n\n\nSince April 2023, the average value of rent for residential\nshelters increased from US$ 75 to US$ 85 while the cost of rent\nfor non-permanent and non-residential shelters has remained\nstable at around US$ 15-17 and US$ 32-35 per month. If\nconsidering the last 12 months, average rent values increased\nby 30 percent for non-permanent shelters, 41 percent for nonresidential shelters, and 111 percent for residential shelters.\n\n\nHowever, the transfer values are still not enough to meet\nfamilies\u2019 food and other basic needs, particularly for families\nwho only receive the non-food transfer amount. Due to gains\nin the informal exchange rate, these families received slightly\nless in assistance in May and June compared to April. As a\nresult, families continued to report their inability to meet basic\nneeds including rent, medicine, and food, leading to\nexacerbated living conditions and increased protection risks\nsuch as eviction.\n\n\nRefugee families not receiving UNHCR or WFP assistance also\nreported that rent prices are increasing for them, and they are\nexpected to pay for their basic needs in USD.\n\n\n**VII.** **Retailer Experience**\n\n\nWFP surveyed 306 retailers across the country at the end of\nJune, representing 85 percent of contracted retailers, to\nunderstand the impact of dual currency disbursement on their\nability to do business and provide quality services for the food\ne-card programme.\n\n\nOver 90 percent of surveyed retailers reported improvements\nin their ability to maintain an adequate stock of products, place\norders with suppliers, and maintain price visibility and stability\nsince the re-introduction of dual currency redemption. All\nsurveyed retailers also reported increased ease of doing\nbusiness with the bank, such as accessing cash liquidity and\nfaster withdrawals. In additional benefits for retailers, 64\npercent of respondents reported receiving additional discounts\nor improved terms from suppliers because of the retailers\u2019\nincreased ability to pay in hard currency.\n\n\nThese improvements and increased operational efficiency also\nbenefit assisted families redeeming at contracted retailers.\nMost retailers (91 percent) also reported that dual currency\nredemption has not led to any tensions or security concerns\nbetween assisted families and the local community.\n\n\n**VIII.** **Minimal impact on the Economy**\n\n\nAs previously reported, the impact of dual currency\nredemption made available for refugee families on the\neconomy is expected to be minimal as the Lebanese economy\nhas already undergone significant dollarization.\n\n\n\nAccording to the World Bank's Fall 2022 Economic Monitor\nReport, Lebanon is projected to maintain a high level of\ndollarization, even in the event of a potential economic\nrecovery or macroeconomic stability. The report also\nhighlighted that the establishment of appropriate capital\nmarkets remains unattainable, which will require first\nmacroeconomic stability in the short term and appropriate\ngrowth conditions in the long term, conditions that remain\nunachievable in the current political and economic context.\n\n\nAdditionally, in its most recent economic monitor for the\nSpring of 2023, the World Bank estimated the overall volume\nof dollars in circulation within the economy at around US$ 9.9\nbillion, almost half the size of the entire economy as estimated\nin 2022. This was up from around 14 percent of the size of the\neconomy back in 2020 when the US dollars cash economy was\nestimated to stand at USD 4.5 billion.\nThe largest portion contributing to this cash economy in 2022,\n46 percent, was estimated to come from net remittances,\nfollowed by 22 percent from US dollars injected by BDL to\nstabilize the exchange rate on the parallel market. Tourist\nspending accounted for 12 percent, while 8 percent came from\ncash withdrawals from deposits and another 8 percent from\ndollars already in circulation. **Humanitarian assistance made**\n**up only 4 percent of the overall volume** .\n\n\nThe share of UNHCR and WFP cash assistance disbursed in\nMay and June 2023 for refugees (assuming 100 percent was\nwithdrawn in USD) was less than 1 percent of the total USD\ntransactions recorded on the Sayrafa platform. Taking into\nconsideration overall cash assistance \u2013 including transfers\nmade through the NPTP and ESSN \u2013 the overall share of cash\nassistance disbursed in Lebanon still only constituted 1.1\npercent of Sayrafa USD transactions in the economy in May\nand 2.7 percent in June. It is important to highlight, that not all\nexchange transactions are fully captured by the Sayrafa\nplatform, as many other means for the circulation of US dollars\nin the economy exist currently.\n\n|Col1|MAY 2023|JUNE 2023|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Sayrafa USD**
**Transactions**
|$2,678,000,000|$2,417,000,000|\n|**UNHCR & WFP**
**Assistance**
|$22,500,000
|$22,900,000
|\n|**UNHCR & WFP Share**
|**0.84%**|**0.95%**|\n|**Overall Cash**
**Assistance ***|$29,000,000|$64,300,000|\n|**Overall Share**|**1.1%**|**2.7%**|\n\n\n\n_*including safety net assistance through the ESSN and NPTP_\n\n\nAlthough cash assistance to refugees constitutes a relatively\nminor portion of Lebanon's overall economy, it still has a\npositive impact on the economy. The cash assistance provided\nby UNHCR and WFP benefits the local economy by stimulating\nincreased spending on locally produced goods. This, in turn,\nleads to a more equitable distribution of revenue and provides\nlivelihood opportunities for lower-income Lebanese\nindividuals.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1d7c3c47-8e2a-4255-b61b-34f7186be49d/WFP-0000151334.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_749/raw/doc_749_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_749/raw/doc_749_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c523ef3b7680c6c6a5d439863d4f72e04af02e81..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_749/raw/doc_749_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,521 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The significant improvements in the redemption experience for assisted families witnessed during May and June cycles have\npersisted also during the July cycle, with beneficiaries reporting more efficient, safer, and more dignified access to assistance. [1] This\nimproved experience is closely linked to the increased operational capacity of the redemption network which continues to enable\na smooth redemption process, underlining the lasting stabilising effect of the resumption of dual currency disbursements on\nUNHCR\u2019s and WFP\u2019s cash programmes. Additionally, the increased value of cash assistance, enabled by the resumption of dual\ncurrency disbursement and the associated improved capacity of the redemption network, significantly improved the food security\nof assisted families in the first half of 2023. [2] In contrast, non-assisted families continued to grapple with challenges in maintaining\ntheir essential living standards.\n\n\n**I.** **Overview of July 2023 Redemption**\n\n\n\nThree months after the resumption of dual currency\ndisbursement, the gains in operational efficiency and the\nenhanced experience and satisfaction of assisted families\ncontinue to be maintained. The significant improvements,\nincluding reduced crowding and waiting times, have resulted\nin quicker, safer, and more dignified withdrawal experiences\nat all redemption points, including ATMs, MTOs, and\ncontracted retailers.\n\n\nLoading of cash assistance for the July cycle was staggered\nover six (6) days compared to five (5) days in June, seven (7)\ndays in May, and ten (10) days in the course of January\u2013April\nassistance cycles.\n\n\nDespite the shortened loading period, the overall\nredemption experience improved. Within the first two weeks\nof loading for the July cycle, all refugee families receiving\nUNHCR and WFP cash assistance had successfully redeemed\ntheir entitlements.\n\n\n**MTO**\n\n\n\nIn July, most families redeeming at ATMs and MTOs\ncontinued to withdraw their assistance in USD (98 percent),\nout of which more than half redeemed their US$ 5 balances\nthrough a combination of USD and LBP instead of carrying\nthem over to the following month.\n\n\n**II.** **Improved ATM User Experience**\n\n\nGiven that more than 50 percent of Syrian refugees redeem\ntheir cash assistance via ATMs, WFP carried out\nrepresentative surveys of ATM users to generate evidence of\nthe increased operational efficiency observed in the ATM\nredemption process following the reintroduction of dual\ncurrency disbursement.\n\n\nThe ATM User Experience Surveys conducted across\nLebanon from February to July 2023 reveal a significant\nreduction in challenges faced by assisted families at ATMs at\nthe time of redemption following the resumption of dual\ncurrency. This improvement is particularly evident in terms\nof crowdedness and technical issues at ATMs preventing\ncash disbursements.\n\n\nIn total, WFP conducted 14,124 surveys during this period.\nThe survey was designed around the following five\ndimensions, capturing the various challenges experienced by\nATM users: Technical issues, Protection issues, Tension,\nCommission taking, and Crowdedness. To comprehensively\nassess the reported challenges for each ATM and conduct a\nthorough performance analysis, a _Challenges Index_ was\nformulated combining these five dimensions. The index\nvalues range from 0 to 1. The higher the index, the more\nissues are recorded at the ATM.\n\n\n# **51%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at ATMs only**\n\n\n# **19%**\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at MTOs**\n\n\n\n**of HHs**\n**redeemed**\n**at shops**\n\n\n\n1 Sources of information referred to in this report include field monitoring by UNHCR, WFP, and partner staff, WFP and UNHCR community feedback mechanisms, WFP\u2019s ATM user\nexperience survey and Beneficiaries Experience at WFP\u2019s Contracted Shops.\n\n2 WFP\u2019s Basic Needs Outcome Monitoring (BNOM) surveys conducted during the first half of 2023.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM User Experience Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9574638605117798, - "start": 438, - "end": 442 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.9769583344459534, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9946190118789673, - "start": 444, - "end": 445 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.586107611656189, - "start": 449, - "end": 450 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8684787154197693, - "start": 398, - "end": 400 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Challenges Index_", - "confidence": 0.8307871222496033, - "start": 555, - "end": 557 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM user\nexperience survey", - "confidence": 0.9536445140838623, - "start": 684, - "end": 688 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6173437833786011, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.797536313533783, - "start": 668, - "end": 669 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7132086157798767, - "start": 716, - "end": 717 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68b818a0-9a6b-44da-8d4a-80eb377bb0fd/WFP-0000152830.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Following the resumption of dual currency redemption, the\nTechnical Issue Index exhibited a substantial decline of 0.16\npoints, shifting from 0.2 in February 2023 to 0.04 in July\n2023. This reduction in technical challenges primarily stems\nfrom the increased availability of cash within ATMs, thereby\ndiminishing the necessity for frequent replenishments. As a\nresult, the count of assisted families facing cash-related\nissues decreased from 12.7 percent to 1 percent.\n\n\nThe Protection Issue Index also decreased from 0.07 before\nthe resumption of dual currency redemption to 0.01\nafterward. Notably, the number of assisted families\nreporting that they face discriminatory behaviour at ATMs\ndecreased from 5.4 percent to 0.8 percent.\n\n\nAs for the commission-related concerns, the Commission\nPayment Index decreased from 0.11 to 0.02. This shift is\nlinked to the drop in the percentage of assisted families\nreporting instances of witnessing commission payments at\nATMs, which decreased from 2.6 percent to 0.1 percent after\nthe resumption of dual currency disbursement. Additionally,\nthe percentage of families reporting observing individuals\nholding multiple cards at the redemption point also\ndecreased by 7 points, from 9.2 percent to 2.1 percent.\n\n\nLooking at tensions associated with ATM usage after the\nresumption of dual currency redemption, the Tensions Index\nrecorded a decrease from 0.07 to 0.01. This decrease is\nmainly driven by a substantial drop in the percentage of\nassisted families witnessing either physical or verbal tensions\nat ATMs, sliding from 6 percent to 0.6 percent.\n\n\nThe main improvement in ATM issues recorded following the\nresumption of dual currency disbursements was at the level\nof crowding at ATMs. The Crowdedness Index experienced a\nmajor drop from 0.53 to 0.17, enabling a significantly\nimproved and more dignified redemption experience for\nassisted families. The number of assisted families reporting\ncrowdedness at ATMs (more than 10 people) during\nredemption decreased dramatically from 48.6 percent to 15\npercent, while the number of families reporting waiting\ntimes of more than 30 minutes to redeem their assistance\ndeclined from 22 percent to 13 percent.\n\n\n**Evolution of the ATM Issues Index across all Dimensions**\n\n\n**Technical**\n\n\n\n**Overall, the evaluation of the ATM Challenges index**\n**across all dimensions results in a decline from 0.19 to**\n**0.05 after the resumption of dual currency redemption,**\n**mainly driven by the significant improvements of**\n**previously faced technical and crowdedness issues.**\n\n\n\n**Decline**\n**in ATM**\n**issues**\n**index**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR and WFP continue to work on further enhancing the\nexperience of assisted families in accessing their cash\nassistance by continuously assessing remaining gaps and\nshortcomings in the redemption network based on data\nanalysis and feedback from assisted families, and by using\nthis analysis for a continuous improvement to the\nredemption network under the LOUISE [3 ] umbrella.\n\n\n**III.** **Enhanced Experience at Retail Shops**\n\n\nDue to their increased ability to pay their suppliers in USD\nsince the resumption of dual currency redemption, over 90\npercent of surveyed retailers reported improvements in\nmaintaining a sufficient stock of products while placing\norders with preferential purchasing terms from suppliers. All\nretailers reported increased ease of doing business with the\nUNHCR\u2019s and WFP\u2019s Financial Service Provider, such as\naccessing cash liquidity and faster withdrawals, following the\nreintroduction of dual currency disbursement.\n\n\nThese improvements and increased operational efficiency\nalso benefit assisted families redeeming at contracted\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Crowdedness**\n\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n\n**Pre Dual Currency Redemption** **Post Dual Currency Redemption**\n\n\n\nconducted in June 2023, over 80 percent of the WFP\ncontracted shops now offer a wider variety of products\neffectively covering the diverse needs and preferences of\nassisted Syrian families. Surveyed assisted refugees reported\nthat 98 percent of the products at WFP contracted shops are\nconsidered of good quality. As for the protection-related\nissues, 97 percent of surveyed refugees reported not\nobserving any instances of discrimination, exploitation, or\nharassment during their shopping experiences. Additionally,\n**a vast majority of respondents (80 percent) expressed**\n**high satisfaction with the overall shopping experience**\n**at WFP contracted shops** which is a noteworthy\nimprovement compared to the assisted families' satisfaction\nlevel before the resumption of the dual currency\nredemption.\n\n\n\n3 The Lebanon One Unified Inter-Organizational System for E-cards (LOUISE) is a common card platform by UNHCR, WFP and UNICEF, that streamlines the delivery of humanitarian cash\nassistance for Syrian refugees.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Technical Issue Index", - "confidence": 0.919965922832489, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7216007709503174, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9456149339675903, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Issue Index", - "confidence": 0.593745768070221, - "start": 85, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9446288347244263, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ATM Issues Index", - "confidence": 0.8321053385734558, - "start": 403, - "end": 406 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.892765998840332, - "start": 342, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "redemption network", - "confidence": 0.9921203851699829, - "start": 531, - "end": 533 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7169194221496582, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9785449504852295, - "start": 515, - "end": 517 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68b818a0-9a6b-44da-8d4a-80eb377bb0fd/WFP-0000152830.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV.** **Positive Impact on Food Security**\n\n\nWFP\u2019s Basic Needs Outcome Monitoring (BNOM) survey was\ncarried out in June 2023 to assess the impact of\nprogrammatic changes made by UNHCR and WFP in Q2 2023\non the food security of assisted families and their ability to\nmeet their basic survival needs. Any changes in the food\nsecurity situation in Q2 2023, can be largely attributed to the\nresumption of dual currency disbursement and the increase\nin the food transfer values that dual currency disbursements\nenabled. Overall, the BNOM found that the programmatic\nchanges made in Q2 2023 had a beneficial and positive\nimpact on the food security of assisted families while nonassisted families continue to struggle to secure their basic\nneeds. The detailed BNOM findings on food security\noutcomes supporting this analysis are outlined in the\nfollowing section.\n\n\nBetween Q1 2023 and Q2 2023, the number of surveyed\nassisted families that have the economic capacity to cover\ntheir basic survival needs, including food and non-food,\nincreased from 49 percent to 54 percent. In comparison, the\nnumber of non-assisted surveyed families possessing the\nability to meet their minimum survival needs experienced an\n8-point decrease, from 78 percent to 70 percent during the\nsame period.\n\n\nAdditionally, during Q2 2023, 67 percent of the surveyed\nassisted families reported an improved ability to access a\nwider range of higher quality food such as oil, pulses, meat,\nfish, and dairy compared to 40 percent reported during Q1\n2023. The percentage of assisted households with poor food\nconsumption decreased by 8 points, reaching 6 percent in\nQ2 2023, while 26 percent of the non-assisted households\nstill suffer from poor food consumption. This surge in food\naccess among assisted households is primarily driven by the\nincrease in the transfer values of assistance following the\nresumption of dual currency redemption, thereby providing\nthem with greater purchasing power.\n\n\nDuring Q2 2023, the number of assisted families reporting\nreliance on negative food-related coping strategies\ndecreased by 13 points compared to Q1 2023 (from 78\npercent to 65 percent). Over the same period, the number of\nsurveyed assisted families purchasing less expensive food\ndeclined from 90 to 77 percent. Additionally, assisted\nfamilies reducing meal portions decreased from 51 to 32\npercent, and families limiting adult food intake decreased\nfrom 35 to 21 percent. In comparison, for the non-assisted\nfamilies, the proportion of families adopting negative coping\nstrategies increased by 3 points, reaching 77 percent, during\nthe same period.\n\n\n\n**Overall, between Q1 2023 and Q2 2023, the percentage**\n**of assisted families classified as food insecure**\n**substantially decreased from 55 percent to 34 percent.**\n**In comparison, the level of food insecurity among non-**\n**assisted households remained relatively stable at**\n**around 57 percent, with an increase of 10 percent in**\n**severely food-insecure families.**\n\n**V.** **Outcomes and Challenges**\n\n\nUpon the resumption of dual currency disbursement for\nSyrian refugees, WFP and UNHCR prioritized effective\ncollaboration with the government, local authorities, and\nrelevant partners to ensure the safety and security of\nassisted families and communities during the redemption\nprocess. To address potential challenges related to social\ntension, discrimination, and exploitation, additional field\nstaff were deployed for crowd control and operations\nmonitoring.\n\n\n\nDue to the increased cash dollarization of the overall\neconomy in the first half of 2023 and the challenges faced by\nassisted families to access dollars before the resumption of\nthe dual currency redemption, assisted Syrian families\ncontinued to struggle to meet their non-food basic needs\nsuch as rent and medicine. Following the resumption of dual\ncurrency redemption and increase in food transfer values,\nthe number of assisted families adopting severe livelihood\ncoping mechanisms declined significantly from 79 percent to\n61 percent between Q1 2023 and Q2 2023. During this\nperiod, assisted families resorted to less intense stress\ncoping strategies such as borrowing cash or selling their\nassets to buy food. In contrast, the livelihood coping capacity\nof the non-assisted families remained almost the same over\nthis timeframe, with a slight decrease of 5 percent in the\nnumber of non-assisted families adopting crisis coping\nstrategies associated with the direct reduction of households\u2019\nfuture productivity.\n\n\nWFP monitoring results also underscored a decline in the\nreliance of assisted families on severe food-related and\nlivelihood coping strategies, pointing to improved coping\nabilities in response to food shortages and financial\nconstraints to buy food. Consequently, during Q2 2023, 24\npercent of assisted families transitioned from being\nmoderately food insecure and unable to meet required food\nneeds without applying severe coping strategies during Q1\n2023, to marginally food secure having minimally inadequate\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Basic Needs Outcome Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9151172637939453, - "start": 18, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9807335138320923, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "BNOM", - "confidence": 0.9993036985397339, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "author": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.9079297184944153, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9979318380355835, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5924974679946899, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9613853096961975, - "start": 52, - "end": 54 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveyed\nassisted families", - "confidence": 0.5291891098022461, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.681602418422699, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q1 2023", - "confidence": 0.7742214202880859, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.7235835790634155, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP monitoring results", - "confidence": 0.987586498260498, - "start": 791, - "end": 794 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9564291834831238, - "start": 833, - "end": 834 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.9888995885848999, - "start": 802, - "end": 804 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68b818a0-9a6b-44da-8d4a-80eb377bb0fd/WFP-0000152830.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Regular assessments** of the situation were conducted to\npromptly address any issues raised by the refugees at\nredemption points or via the call center, and the program\nwas adjusted accordingly.\n\n\nRegarding concerns about the availability and quality of USD\nbanknotes at redemption points, WFP and UNHCR\nmaintained close communication with the financial service\nprovider regarding the disbursement capacity across all\nredemption points. **The Financial Service Provider**\n**ensured the replenishment of ATMs with USD**\n**banknotes when needed, including with US$10 notes of**\n**good quality.** Since US$5 bills are not being disbursed by\nATMs, most people chose to withdraw their US$5 balances in\nLBP instead of keeping it for the next month. By the 10 [th] day\nafter the loading of assistance in July, 89 percent of\nhouseholds redeemed their assistance, compared to 75\npercent between February and April 2023.\n\n\nWFP also **ensured close monitoring of its contracted**\n**shops** to ensure that prices for food and other essential\nneeds are aligned with prevailing market rates. By providing\naccess to USD, the assisted families were able to preserve\nthe value of their assistance despite the fluctuating exchange\nrates.\n\n\nThe UNHCR Post Distribution and Outcome Monitoring\n(PDOM) conducted in August 2023 shows that **63 percent of**\n**assisted households were satisfied or very satisfied**\n**about dual currency disbursement**, 72 percent agreed\nthat dual currency disbursement preserved the purchasing\npower of assistance, 67 percent agreed it improved their\nability to meet their basic needs while 77 percent agreed it\nreduced difficulties in redeeming assistance. Further, 42\npercent of households indicated that the dual currency\ndisbursement contributed to an increase in rental prices.\nNonetheless, the rise in rental prices was noted before the\nimplementation of the dual currency disbursement. Data\nfrom the monthly monitoring of rental costs included in the\nSMEB indicates that, between April 2022 and April 2023, the\naverage monthly rental expense surged by 1,041 percent.\nFurthermore, there was an 88 percent increase in monthly\nrental expenses between January and April 2023, followed by\na 76 percent increase between May and July 2023. Thus, the\nupward trend in rental prices had already begun before the\nreintroduction of dual currency redemption.\n\n\nThe resumption of dual currency disbursement **improved**\n**the operational efficiency of cash redemption** largely\ndriven by a substantial reduction of issues encountered at\nATMs, particularly **tensions and crowdedness that**\n**dropped by 90 and 70 percent**, respectively. The enhanced\nfunctionality of ATMs that could serve more people with\nfewer replenishments, coupled with reduced transaction\ntimes and waiting periods expedited the entire process,\nresulting in a significant reduction in crowding and\nassociated protection risks. **The overall transaction time at**\n**ATMs has decreased by more than 40 percent** following\nthe resumption of dual currency. No ATM functionality issues\nwere reported that could be directly attributed to the\nresumption of dual currency disbursement. Nonetheless,\nscreen, dispenser, and connectivity issues continued to\nemerge and were promptly resolved by the financial service\nprovider within two days of being reported.\n\n\n\nHowever, the recent improvements in UNHCR\u2019s and WFP\u2019s\ncash assistance to refugees will continue to be challenged by\nthe very volatile context. Food prices continue to rise\nunabated amidst high political and economic uncertainties,\nincluding the challenges to elect a new President, the end of\nthe term for the Central Bank governor and the\ndiscontinuation of the Sayrafa exchange platform. Inflation\nin LBP remained high at 280 percent (YoY) in June 2023, and\ncontinued to erode households\u2019 purchasing power and their\ncapacity to meet basic needs.\n\n\nAs of today, **34 percent of overall assisted families are**\n**still facing severe food insecurity** and require urgent\ninterventions to bridge food gaps, protect and restore\nlivelihoods, and prevent malnutrition. In parallel, according\nto the last UNHCR Protection monitoring survey, **83 percent**\n**of the surveyed refugee households reported an**\n**inability to pay rent, 33 percent reported an inability to**\n**purchase essential medicine** due to lack of money while\nthe vast majority of refugees continue to resort to harmful\ncoping strategies to survive, such as begging, borrowing\nmoney, not sending their children to school, reducing health\nexpenses or not paying rent. WFP and UNHCR will continue\nto adapt to this changing and uncertain environment to\nensure that Syrian refugee families receive the assistance\nthey need in these increasingly difficult circumstances.\n\n\n\nATMs running out of US$ 10 and LBP notes faster than US$\n100 notes continued to emerge and persisted for longer time\nintervals at off-site ATMs, especially during weekends and\nthe following day, particularly at locations with only one\nATM. However, these occurrences did not affect significantly\noverall access to assistance for assisted families.\n\n\nAdditionally, for families receiving cash assistance for both\nfood and non-food basic needs, **the transfer value of**\n**assistance for a household of five increased by 53**\n**percent**, which in turn positively impacted the food security\nof households and their ability to access a greater variety of\nfood, and to pay for other essential needs. In June 2023, the\nvalue of cash assistance received by Syrian refugees,\nspecifically for food expenses, **covered 66 percent of the**\n**Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket (SMEB), up from**\n**39 percent in April 2023** and down from 76 percent in May\n2023. The non-food portion of the transfer value remained\nway under the requirements, allowing coverage of only 19\npercent of the non-food SMEB, in line with April 2023\ncoverage. The increase in the food transfer value was only\npossible due to the resumption of dual currency\ndisbursements and associated network capacity gains. Prior\nto May 2023, the LOUISE cash redemption network had\ninched close to its capacity limit for LBP disbursements.\n\n\n\n\n\n_Food Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket per person/month_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Post Distribution and Outcome Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8949159979820251, - "start": 236, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDOM", - "confidence": 0.8219988346099854, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8830795884132385, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9935125708580017, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "assisted families", - "confidence": 0.5113399028778076, - "start": 218, - "end": 220 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SMEB", - "confidence": 0.9256153106689453, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "monthly monitoring of rental costs", - "confidence": 0.8803136348724365, - "start": 356, - "end": 361 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9906749129295349, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9088833332061768, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.942264974117279, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Protection monitoring survey", - "confidence": 0.9910001158714294, - "start": 754, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8135465383529663, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9015803933143616, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8300422430038452, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee households", - "confidence": 0.9553994536399841, - "start": 770, - "end": 772 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket", - "confidence": 0.8331946730613708, - "start": 1033, - "end": 1037 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8955813050270081, - "start": 1005, - "end": 1006 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5751903653144836, - "start": 1005, - "end": 1006 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8909963965415955, - "start": 1014, - "end": 1016 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/68b818a0-9a6b-44da-8d4a-80eb377bb0fd/WFP-0000152830.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_75/raw/doc_75_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_75/raw/doc_75_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index efca550e9044ab737c48ab1d6f95d2e2bd372ea2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_75/raw/doc_75_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,598 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Mapping for Climate Resilience:**\n## **Oruchinga Refugee Settlement**\n\n_August 2016_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent_\n_those of the United Nations or the Government of Uganda._\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Overview**\n\nUganda is home to more than 665,000 refugees, the third-largest refugee-hosting country in\nAfrica. The country has progressive refugee and asylum policies, that support refugees and\naccord them the same access to social services as nationals, in addition to the allocation of\nland to support self-reliance within refugee settlements.\n\nRefugee settlement planning and management requires careful consideration of the many\nchallenges that may arise when delivering services and supporting such vulnerable\ncommunities sustainably and over long time periods. Service delivery, land management and\nconflict resolution require clear information and geospatial data that are often missing or very\npoor.\n\nA baseline mapping exercise can inform settlements by using newly collected, current data.\nBy updating existing maps and providing modern geospatial information, development\nplanning, land utilization and service delivery can be enhanced.\n\nThe United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with the United\nNations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in support of the Office of the Prime\nMinister, developed the first-ever very high resolution refugee settlement map for Oruchinga\nRefugee Settlement. This is a first step towards integrating climate risk management into\nplanning and decision making.\n\nPreliminary analysis of the data shows extensive and irreversible damage of soils from ongoing water erosion and sand mining. Health care accessibility is fair, with good accessibility\nto schools (primary and secondary). Future analysis may include accessibility to clean water.\nFurther engagement of both the refugee and host community in planning is essential. The\ndata presented here aims to inform the community, and its stakeholders, in planning and\nresource management.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1.** **Introduction**\n\n_\u201cQuantifying risk and expected future losses is a key step in any disaster risk reduction_\n_program. Also the outputs and scenarios of a risk assessment contribute to structuring_\n_overall risk reduction policies and planning. Geospatial risk assessment can be performed_\n_with GIS tools and techniques which can not only quantify risk but also identify the locations_\n_in need of risk reduction measures. The role of GIS doesn\u2019t stop there; in the immediate_\n_aftermath of a disaster satellite based rapid response analysis enables the emergency_\n_response agencies to perform in a better and_\n_coordinated way.\u201d (unitar.org)_\n\nGeospatial information has been used widely in city\nplanning, service delivery, health care access planning,\nand natural resource management. When these data\nare _captured, stored, and analyzed in a geospatial_\n_information_ _system_ _(GIS)_ they can support\nimplementing coherent disaster risk reduction (DRR)\nactivities at regional, national and local scales\nsupporting climate resilient development.\n\nTo this end, baseline mapping of Oruchinga refugee\nsettlement was undertaken to take advantage of GIS\ntechnology in providing very high quality, spatially\nexplicit data needed to support climate and disaster\nrisk assessment and reduction for both the refugee and\nhost community in Oruchinga. Prior to this mapping\nspatially disaggregated information was barely\navailable for the settlement except for a terrain map\nwhich was created in the early 1960\u2019s when the\nsettlement was established (Figure 1). The data\ndisplayed in Figure 1 are in an inaccessible format for\ngeospatial analysis and or querying and was barely\nused to inform decision making, also because the data\nwere 50 years out-of-date.\n\nBaseline mapping was carried out as part of UNDP\u2019s\nIntegrated Climate Risk Management Programme\n(ICRMP) funded by the Government of Sweden to\naddress this gap. ICRMP supports the integration of\nclimate resilient approaches into existing livelihood\nactivities in Oruchinga.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Geospatial information", - "confidence": 0.5142588019371033, - "start": 121, - "end": 123 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Quantifying risk and expected future losses", - "confidence": 0.5091726183891296, - "start": 13, - "end": 19 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "unitar.org", - "confidence": 0.5888640284538269, - "start": 116, - "end": 119 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga refugee\nsettlement", - "confidence": 0.7444286346435547, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "terrain map", - "confidence": 0.5376877784729004, - "start": 251, - "end": 253 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga refugee\nsettlement", - "confidence": 0.8488844037055969, - "start": 195, - "end": 198 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee and\nhost community", - "confidence": 0.8346112370491028, - "start": 228, - "end": 232 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Location and Geography**\n\n\n_Figure 2. Location of the Oruchinga Refugee Settlement located in Isingiro district in southwestern_\n_Uganda near the Uganda/Tanzania border_\n\n\n_Figure 3. Population pyramid for the Oruchinga refugee settlement. 40% of the population is in the_\n_productive age group 18 to 59 years, while the remaining 60% are dependents._\n\nThe Oruchinga Refugee Settlement covers an area of approximately 8 km [2 ] and is located in\nsouthwestern Uganda in Isigiro district bordering Tanzania to the south (Figure 2). The\nrefugee settlement was established in 1959 and officially recognized in 1961 through the\nUganda Gazette General Notice No. 1433. The current total population is 6,289 people of\nconcern. About 40% of the refugees are within the productive age group of 18 to 59 years,\nhowever the remaining 60% of the population falls in the dependent age groups 0 to 4 (17%),\n5 to 11 (26%), 12 to 17 (14%) and 60+ (3%) (Figure 3) (source data: UNHCR, January\n2016).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "source data", - "confidence": 0.7213305830955505, - "start": 205, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9383862018585205, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9074727296829224, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "dependent age groups", - "confidence": 0.5009394288063049, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 4. Average monthly rainfall and temperature in Oruchinga (Source: World Bank Climate_\n_Knowledge Portal)_\n\nIsingiro, the broader region surrounding Oruchinga, has a warm and temperate climate. Based\non the 50-year climate data, rainfall in Ishingiro is significant, with precipitation occurring\neven during the driest months (June and July). Average annual temperature is 15.6 \u00b0C and\nabout 1,106 mm of precipitation falls annually with 2 peak rainfall seasons, January to May\nand August to December (Figure 4).\n\n**3.** **Methodology**\n\nBaseline mapping of the Oruchinga Refugee Settlement was carried out using a fixed-wing\nunmanned aerial vehicle with an RGB camera. The mapping exercise covered 17 km [2],\nresulting in more than 1,200 individual aerial photographs covering the settlement and\nsurrounding areas. The individual photographs were stitched together to derive a single georeferenced ortho-photomosaic of the settlement. A three-dimensional digital surface model\nwas derived from the overlapping aerial photographs using photogrammetry. The data were\nused for calculating the potential for soil erosion and for a first analysis of the potential flood\ndamage in the settlement area. The data will serve as input to further hydrological and soil\nanalysis such as flood risk mapping, irrigation potential from the nearby reservoir and for soil\ntype mapping.\n\nMapping key infrastructure and community assets including schools and health centres was\ndone concomitantly using the Open Data Kit (ODK) tool. The ortho-photomosaic was\nanalysed to identify key land use classes, potential flood damage, and/erosion extent. Homes\nand access roads were also digitized.\n\nDuring July 2016, a participatory community mapping event was organized with the\nOruchinga refugee community. The mapping exercise gathered knowledge from the\nparticipants on the quality of resources, assets and infrastructures available to them. The\northo-photomosaic deepened the community\u2019s understanding of the resource quality and\naccessibility. The exercise also served as an opportunity for the community to discuss\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "aerial photographs", - "confidence": 0.8866685628890991, - "start": 149, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga Refugee Settlement", - "confidence": 0.7212713360786438, - "start": 114, - "end": 117 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ortho-photomosaic", - "confidence": 0.9800287485122681, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "settlement and\nsurrounding areas", - "confidence": 0.6309694051742554, - "start": 153, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Open Data Kit", - "confidence": 0.7872564792633057, - "start": 261, - "end": 264 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "ODK", - "confidence": 0.7539260983467102, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ortho-photomosaic", - "confidence": 0.9946075677871704, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga", - "confidence": 0.6721032857894897, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Oruchinga refugee community", - "confidence": 0.5374944806098938, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "environmental issues that affect their day to day lives as well as access to these resources.\nThe ortho-photomosaic enabled easy mapping to document community assets including\nrecreational facilities.\n\n\nThe soil erosion potential for the Oruchinga landscape was calculated using the Universal\nSoil Loss Equation (USLE) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978). This widely used approach uses a\nmathematical model describing soil erosion processes and estimating the risk of soil loss\nfrom water erosion. The model uses as input the annual soil loss rate, soil erodibility factor,\nrainfall factor, slope steepness/length factor and the land cover factor calculated from a\ndigital elevation model, remote sensing imagery and mean annual rainfall. Here we used\nspectral information and 3D-terrain data derived from the UAV ortho-photomosaic and\ndigital surface model.\n\n\nAll geospatial data were organized and analysed in a Geographic Information System (GIS).\nThe GIS enabled integration of the various data sets, analysis of their spatial components, and\nmodel possible scenarios. These data will continue to support interdisciplinary research,\nplanning and development of the settlement.\n\n\n**4.** **Preliminary Findings**\n\n\n**4.1** **Land use**\n\n\n_Figure 5. Location of Oruchinga Refugee Settlement headquarters key assets e.g. Rwamurunga_\n_primary and secondary school, physical features including Lake Nshugezi (blue), areas that have_\n_been eroded or sand mined (red) and buildings/houses (black dots)_\n\n\nAgriculture is the dominant land use in the Oruchinga. All refugee families are allocated an\nacre of land on which they grow crops. The major crops grown are maize, beans, bananas,\nand sorghum. Livelihood alternatives are very few and include fishing, mining and very few\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ortho-photomosaic", - "confidence": 0.6127046346664429, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Wischmeier and Smith", - "confidence": 0.6340975165367126, - "start": 50, - "end": 53 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga landscape", - "confidence": 0.7170215249061584, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Universal\nSoil Loss Equation", - "confidence": 0.5406623482704163, - "start": 42, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "USLE", - "confidence": 0.64068603515625, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Wischmeier and Smith", - "confidence": 0.6610963344573975, - "start": 50, - "end": 53 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga landscape", - "confidence": 0.647087812423706, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Geographic Information System", - "confidence": 0.9998586177825928, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GIS", - "confidence": 0.9999402761459351, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga", - "confidence": 0.5795524716377258, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.923697829246521, - "start": 280, - "end": 282 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "own small shops. Arable land is estimated at 60% [1] excluding areas that have been mined\nheavily.\n\n\nHouses are concentrated along the main road to Mbarara bordering the designated area.\nUsing the orthomosaic, over 2,900 buildings were digitized, the majority of which are located\nalong the main road to Mbarara or paths crossing the settlement (Figure 5).\n\n\n**4.2** **Sand mining**\n\n\n_Figure 6. Current extent of sand mining and erosion in Oruchinga_\n\n\nSand mining is also facilitating and compounding erosion effects from heavy precipitation\nevents that weaken raised roads. Access roads crossing the settlement have been weakened\nand there have been reports of deaths due to deep trenches dug to extract sand that collapse\noccasionally.\n\n\nSand mining not only erodes the topsoil necessary for crop growing but it also leads to\ndegradation of rivers and affects river biota including fish. Figure 7 below shows the severity\nin mining and erosion near Lake Nshugezi where land has been rendered unusable.\n\n\n1 Estimate to be updated after validation\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 7. Severity in mining and erosion near Lake Nshugezi_\n\n\nSand excavation pits are destroying the landscape by leaving behind deep and unsafe\ntrenches. Some of the pits hold stagnant water and form breeding grounds for mosquitos.\nFigure 8 below depicts a pit where sand has been mined showing the severity of the damage\non the landscape.\n\n\n_Figure 8. An open sand mining pit in Oruchinga Refugee Settlement_\n\n\n**4.3** **Flooding**\nFlood risk is minor outside the central depression running along the north-south axis,\nenclosing a small stream, a reservoir and several wetlands. A flood simulation model\nindicates potential flooding risk in the lower part of the central depression assuming a\nblocking of drainage into the Kagera River which could be caused by damming of the narrow\noutlet or by an increased water level in the river.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 9. Flooding potential after extreme rainfall and blocked drainage into the Kagera river._\n\n\n**4.4** **Soil erosion potential**\nHigh-quality soils for agriculture of sufficient depth are critical for maintaining the\nlivelihoods of refugee families in the settlement, who largely depend on farming with their\nonly alternative to rely on government support and food-aid. The predominant threats to soils\nin the Ourchinga area are both sand mining and soil erosion. Once the surface and subsoil\nhorizons are lost, and the substratum or bedrock are exposed, it can take many decades or\nmore for new soil to develop, resulting in a near-permanent loss for the current generation of\nfarmers.\n\n\nThe results indicate several hotspots of areas with high soil erosion potential, focused along\nthe western shore of the reservoir, the lower slopes along the central depression and in the\nSouth. Remarkably sand mining, which has the same devastating effects as advanced soil\nerosion, predominantly occurs in areas less prone to soil erosion, compounding and\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "heightening the overall risk of permanent loss of soil and agricultural productivity in\nOruchinga (Figure 10).\n\n\n_Figure 10. Soil erosion potential (units ton/acre/year) is compounded by sand mining in Oruchinga._\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.** **Access to Basic Services**\n\n\n**5.1** **Access to healthcare**\n\n\nWe evaluated the geographical equity in health service provision and management within the\nOruchinga settlement. Figure 11 below shows the catchment areas of both Rulungo Health\nCentre III and Nshungyezi Health Centre II. Both health centres accessible to the refugees are\nlocated in the southern half of the settlement. Access to Rulongo Health Centre is often\ninterrupted by flooding events that wash away access bridges. Based on the mapping results\n(Figure 11) only 24% of the buildings/houses are located within 1 km from the two health\ncentres and 17% at an euclidean (straight line) distance of 5 or more kilometres away.\n\n\nThe closest referral hospital is Mbarara Regional Hospital located more than 50km from the\nsettlement.\n\n\nThe community mapping exercises highlighted their key concerns, especially poor\naccessibility for villages from the northern parts of the settlement. In addition to travel times,\ninsufficiency of facilities including very the number of medical staff and limited medical\nsupplies were highlighted.\n\n\n_Figure 11. [Left]: Catchment areas for Rulungo Health Centre III and Nsuhgezi Health Centre II,_\n\n_[Top right]: Summary of accessibility based on euclidean distance from the 2 health centres and_\n\n_[Bottom right]: A UAV image of Rulungo Health Centre II_\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping results", - "confidence": 0.9539273381233215, - "start": 100, - "end": 102 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "geographical equity in health service provision and management", - "confidence": 0.578910768032074, - "start": 31, - "end": 39 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga settlement", - "confidence": 0.9309813976287842, - "start": 41, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8697004914283752, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community mapping exercises", - "confidence": 0.9105796217918396, - "start": 159, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oruchinga settlement", - "confidence": 0.6338858008384705, - "start": 41, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5.2** **Access to education**\n\nAccording to (McDonald,2008) the typical walking rate for school-aged children is about\n4.3km per hour (or 2.1km per 30 minute-period) and children are likely not to walk further\nthan 2.1km to or from school. Within Oruchinga, 97% of houses/buildings are within 2.6km\nof a primary school hence, overall accessibility is high. However, the community noted that\nthe quality of education is compromised by overcrowding in classrooms as well as the fact\nthat there is only one secondary school serving an estimated 800 (ages 12 to 17 years)\nstudents.\n\n\n_Figure 12. [Left]: Distance calculation of homes/building from the 4 main schools located within or_\n_close to Oruchinga settlement including; Rwamurunga, Kayenje, Kajaho and Kibwera Primary_\n_schools and Ramurunga Secondary School, [Top right]: Pupils from Rwamurunga Primary School_\n_having fun during one of the UAV flights and [Bottom right]: Percent of homes distance based on_\n_euclidean distance from schools_\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6.** **Summary and Recommendations**\n\n\ni. Key infrastructures within the settlement including access roads and walking paths\nwas mapped. This information is only a starting point before attempting to address\nthe full range of engineering, operational, and maintenance practices that could\nincrease the resilience of transportation assets in the settlement.\n\nii. Sand mining in Oruchinga is already causing serious ecological impacts on the\nrefugee community including land degradation, water pollution and destruction of\nthe landscape inevitably compromising the resilience of the community.\nControlling / regulating sand mining in the settlement and establish a land-zoning\nsystem, which restricts any future mining to appropriate areas without jeopardizing\nfarm land, is recommended.\n\niii. Sand mining is weakening the foundation of access roads. Currently motorized\ntransport along access roads is cumbersome. Structural resilience should be\nconsidered while developing or maintaining these roads e.g. the likelihood of\nbridges being washed away.\n\niv. Mapping all bridges as well as their quality and operating state is recommended.\nBy combining the road network information, bridges and hydrological data (rivers\nand lakes) vulnerability assessments can be undertaken and determine engineering\nand design requirements for resilient infrastructure.\n\nv. This analysis also hints at the need to put in place an interactive, efficient and\neffective data management system. The GIS layers can be updated as more data\nbecome available. Given the unique setting of the settlement we recommend a\nclimate station be installed to collect higher resolution and locally accurate climate\ndata.\n\nvi. Future disease outbreaks or occurrences should be documented, mapped and added\nto the settlement\u2019s GIS. If this is done consistently future use of the system could\ninclude analysis of environmental factors that are likely to influence the\ndistribution of disease and to predict potential epidemics. The same system would\nbe used to develop, adapt and implement control strategies.\n\nvii. The resulting GIS system can also be used to better plan and improve service\ndelivery, location of key assets such as health centres, and schools. The system\nwould allow participation of the Oruchinga community in planning and making e.g.\nfor expansions and/or new installations.\n\nviii. Future land cover data can shade light on the rate of sand mining in the settlement\nwhich if uncontrolled could result in complete loss of arable land within the next 10\nto 20 years. We recommend an integrated environmental assessment of the extent\nand rate of sand mining as a basis for management and monitoring.\n\nix. If no control or management measures are put in place, the impact on livelihoods\nincluding, agriculture and fishing and other infrastructure (e.g. roads and buildings)\nwill be irreversible. Sand mining results in damaging increases in erosion, flood\nheights risking cropland and infrastructure.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "x. The analysis revealed high soil erosion potential in large areas of currently farmed\nland. It is recommended to implement soil conservation strategies and conservation\nagriculture management techniques to prevent irreversible loss of soil loss to water\nerosion. It is further recommended to design and implement soil restoration\nmeasures on already degraded farmland.\n\nxi. Continued monitoring is absolutely essential for future planning, control measures\nand impact assessments of land improvement and management efforts. We\nrecommend to repeat the land cover/use mapping and assessment with UAV\northophoto-mosaics or very high resolution remote sensing imagery together with\nsystematic field visits every 1-2 years.\n\nClimate projections for Uganda indicate increases in annual rainfall. According to the UNDP\nCountry Climate Profile for Uganda, models overall project increases in the proportion of\nrainfall that falls in heavy events and temperature is projected to increase 1.0 to 3.1\u02daC by the\n2060s (McSweeney 2010). The rising incidence of extreme weather including heat waves,\ndrought, and very heavy precipitation will increasingly impact crop and livestock\nproductivity and affect infrastructure. It is vital to plan and develop and further strengthen\ncommunity resilience.\n\nThe Government of Uganda included refugee management and protection within the second\nNational Development Plan (NDP II), through the [refugee] Settlement Transformative\nAgenda. This approach means Uganda has created a conducive environment for including\nlong-term development planning into the humanitarian response for refugees and their host\ncommunities. It is critical for planning and decision making to take advantage of every\nfeasible technological innovation that can assist improving living conditions within refugee\nsettlements and for their respective host communities. An aware community is a resilient\ncommunity and the data presented above hints at the wealth of information and knowledge\nthat can be mined from it. Within an online and interactive GIS system, planning,\nmanagement and monitoring in support of climate resilient development can be realized.\n\nIn combination with other data, including future mapping of key infrastructure and from\nground surveys the basemap will continue to support strategic planning efforts to identify\ncommunity strengths to enhance. Other uses may include and are not limited to:\n\n - Conflict resolution to improve community cohesion between the refugees and host\ncommunity, building and expanding on existing community strength by strengthening\ncommunity based projects;\n\n - Facilitate the refugee community\u2019s engagement and involvement in planning;\n\n - Manage resources (water/water points, arable land);\n\n - Identifying and increasing community capacity and resilience;\n\n - Continued land use/cover mapping and zoning;\n\n - Flood mapping and management; and\n\n - Monitoring of soil erosion risk analysis and mitigation.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UAV\northophoto-mosaics", - "confidence": 0.8854838013648987, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "land cover/use mapping and assessment", - "confidence": 0.683466374874115, - "start": 85, - "end": 92 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.7635238170623779, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6488931179046631, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2060s", - "confidence": 0.5065985918045044, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GIS system", - "confidence": 0.8612346649169922, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5452343225479126, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9866cebd-ca03-3036-8daa-9982f0d9a854/3.%20Mapping%20for%20Climate%20Resilience_Oruchinga%20Refugee%20Settlement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_750/raw/doc_750_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_750/raw/doc_750_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d41a370b70e0dee63b38345494f1a0e95de11edc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_750/raw/doc_750_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,502 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Post distribution monitoring** **for Winter Cash Assistance** **for Syrian Refugees (2020-2021)**\n\n#### February 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **I. Table of contents**\n\nI. Table of contents\n\nII. Introduction\n\nIII. Methodology\n\nIV. Key findings\n\nV. Demographics\n\nVI. Shelter and Household Assets\n\nVII. Income Sources and Debt\n\na) Income\n\nb) Debt\n\nVIII. Accessing Cash assistance\n\na) Amount of assistance received\n\nb) Spending cash assistance\n\nc) Card Distribution\n\nd) Withdrawing assistance at ATMs\n\nIX. Risks and problems related to the cash assistance\n\nX. Markets and shops\n\nXI. Expenditure\n\nXII. Outcomes\n\nXIII. Well being\n\nXIV. Coping mechanisms\n\na) Livelihoods coping strategies\n\nb) Food coping strategies\n\nXV. Accountability\n\nXVI. Difference between food assisted and non-assisted\n\n\n\n1\n\n2\n\n2\n\n2\n\n4\n\n5\n\n7\n\n7\n\n7\n\n8\n\n8\n\n8\n\n8\n\n8\n\n9\n\n10\n\n10\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n12\n\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. Introduction**\n\nThis report presents the Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) results for the winter cash assistance programs targeting\nSyrian refugees in Lebanon.\n\n\nDuring the 2020-2021 winter season, UNHCR assisted close to 200,000 Syrian refugee families. UNHCR aimed at\nsupporting vulnerable families who are faced with increased stress due to extreme weather conditions, coupled with\nalready limited resources. In the winter season of 2020/2021, families in Lebanon not only faced challenges of the\nwinter season but also additional challenges due to the deteriorating national economy and COVID19 pandemic.\nAdditionally, strains on the economy and the banking sector made the use of ATMs in the country more restricted.\nInflation and increased prices made it more difficult for families to meet their most basic needs.\n\n\nUNHCR provided assistance to refugees through an unconditional, unrestricted cash transfer as part of the winter\ncash assistance program (WinCAP). Previously conducted research has shown that refugee families in Lebanon have\nincreased expenditure during the winter months linked to additional needs. This is coupled with a decrease in the\navailability of income generating activities, which are usually more accessible in warmer months.\n\n\nStarting November 2020, and through the season, UNHCR provided a one-off cash payment of LBP 954,000 to\nrefugee families in an effort to help them meet the additional basic needs brought about by the winter season.\n\n\nThe cash transfer was redeemable through an ATM card from ATMs and/or through direct payment in shops equipped\nwith POS across the country in the local currency.\n\n### **III. Methodology**\n\n\nThere were 531 valid survey responses in this data collection exercise. A simple random sample was selected from the\nlist of beneficiaries who received winter cash assistance during the month of December 2020 representing all of\nLebanon. Data collection was administered by phone and took place between the 3rd and the 17th of February 2021.\nData collection occurred through trained partner staff by phone.\n\n### **IV. Key findings**\n\n##### **Process**\n\n\n- Only 46.7% of households mentioned that the amount of cash they received was the amount expected\n\n- Half of the interviewees mentioned that the male head of household was the decision-maker on how to spend the\ncash\n\n- About 51.6% of interviewed households attended a distribution of red cards in the last three months.\n\n- The average time that the card distribution attendees took to arrive at the distribution site was 28.6 minutes. The\naverage transportation cost to the distribution site cost was 7,803 LBP. Most families were satisfied with the\ndistribution process (94.6%).\n\n- The vast majority of households who received assistance (98.7%) withdrew it from ATM. The average cost of\ntransportation to the ATM was 5,270 LBP.\n\n- Most households (98%) reported not facing any safety risk related to receiving, keeping, or spending the cash.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9795058965682983, - "start": 14, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8437934517860413, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9969364404678345, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8235000371932983, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9723943471908569, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020-2021", - "confidence": 0.9551798105239868, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee families", - "confidence": 0.7061927318572998, - "start": 46, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey responses", - "confidence": 0.9892790913581848, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5389848351478577, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9924111366271973, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6743770241737366, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.7926454544067383, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.6161503195762634, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Outcomes**\n\n\n- More than 63 % of families had enough winter items such as blankets, heaters, mattresses, and cloths\n\n- Most of the households (95.2%) mentioned that they were able to find the items and services needed in the markets\nand shops\n\n- Most of the respondents (87.1%) mentioned that they had spent the full amount received from UNHCR by the time\nof the interview.\n\n- The top three expenditures as rated by respondents were food (1st), rent (2nd), firewood, or fuel for cooking or\nheating (3rd).\n\n- Most of the respondents (98.7%) agreed that the cash assistance improved their living conditions, reduced their\nfinancial burden (98.95%), and reduced feelings of stress (98.7%).\n\n- Most households (72%) were able to meet half or less than half of their basic needs\n\n##### **Socioeconomic conditions and well being**\n\n\n- The top three sources of income were cash assistance through ATM from humanitarian organizations, credit debts,\nand income for work, which was similar to 2019-2020 PDM results\n\n- The majority of families (87.9%) had borrowed money in the last three months, which was similar to 2019-2020 PDM\nresults\n\n- The average overall debt amount that has not been paid back was 1,846,817 LBP which was higher than the average\ndebt for WINCAP only assisted group (1,475,605) in 2019-2020 PDM results\n\n- The majority of interviewed households (63.9%) indicated being dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their lives, that\nthey feel their standard of living is getting worse (71.7%), and that they worry about the money always or most of the\ntime (88.4%).\n\n- About 99.2% of households had at least one food coping strategy, 77.6% had at least one stress coping strategy,\n74.3% had at least one crisis coping strategy, 1.7% of households had at least one emergency coping strategy\n\n- The top four coping strategies were: 1. Reduce food expenditure; 2. Reduce expenditure on hygiene items, water,\nbaby items, health, or education; 3. Take out new loans or borrowed money; 4. Skip paying rent/debt repayments\n\n- The percentage of households reporting no increase in prices of key items/services over the last four weeks was\n7.9%.\n\n### **V. Demographics**\n\n\nThe sample was randomly distributed across field offices, including 32.6% of households in Beirut and Mount Lebanon,\n28.2% in the North, 26.2% in Bekaa, and 13% in the South. About 30.3% of the interviewees were females, whereas\n66.7% were males. The interviewees' age was mainly between 18 and 35 years old (58.4%) and 36 to 59 years old\n(36.7%). The majority of those interviewed were the heads of households (81%). The remaining 19% were mainly\nspouses of the head of household (77.2%) or had another type of relationship such as mother/ father (8.9%),\ndaughter/son (0.4%), and other family relation (11.9%).\n\n\nMost household heads were males (81%), while the remaining 19% were female-headed households. The age of heads\nof households was mainly between 18 and 35 years old (52.4%) and between 36 and 59 years old (51.60%), while only\na few were 60 years old and above (6%)\u2014the average number of individuals per household is 4.4 individuals.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.707273542881012, - "start": 227, - "end": 228 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019-2020", - "confidence": 0.9919809103012085, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6563416123390198, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 1: Age and Gender groups of interviewed households**\n\n\n\n|Male|Female|Total|\n|---|---|---|\n|**246**|**213**|**459**|\n|**384**|**333**|**717**|\n|**528**|**570**|**1098**|\n|**25**|**35**|**60**|\n\n\n**1,151**\n\n\n\n**< 5**\n\n\n**5-17**\n\n\n**18-59**\n\n\n**60 and above**\n\n\n**Total**\n\n\n\n**1,183**\n\n\n\n**2,334**\n\n\n\n**Figure 1: Age and gender distribution of interviewed households**\n\n\n\n**19.7%**\n\n\n**30.7%**\n\n\n**47.0%**\n\n\n**2.6%**\n\n\n**100.0%**\n\n\n\n**60 and** ~~**ab**~~ **ove**\n\n\n**18-59**\n\n\n**5-17**\n\n\n**<5**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**60**\n\n\n\n**40** **20** **0** **20** **40** **60**\n\n\n\nAround 30.5% of the households had pregnant or lactating women, 10% of the respondent households had a person\nwith a disability, 31.8% had individuals with chronic illness, 17.9% had temporary illness or injury, 1.3% of households\nhad individuals with serious medical conditions, and 2.3% had elderly who are unable to take care of themselves.\n\n\n**Figure 2: Households with individuals with specific needs**\n\n\n\n**30.5%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**Pregnant/** **Disability (physical,**\n**Lactating** **sensorial,**\n**mental/intellectual)**\n\n\n\n**31.8%**\n\n\n\n**17.9%**\n\n\n**2.3%**\n**1.3%**\n\n\n**Chronic** **Temporary illness** **Serious medical** **Older person**\n**illness** **and/or injury** **condition** **unable to care for**\n**self**\n\n\n### **VI. Shelter and Household Assets**\n\nMost of the refugees lived in apartments or houses (70 .8%), followed by tents (14.5%), and the remaining lived in other\ntypes of housing. The majority of refugee households lived in rented apartments/places (86.8%), 7.3% were hosted for\nfree, and 3.2% rented in exchange for work. The average rent per month among households who paid rent was 328,917\nLBP, while the median rent was 300,000LBP. The average rent was the highest in Beirut and Mount Lebanon and the\nlowest in Bekaa.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Age and Gender groups of interviewed households", - "confidence": 0.8727648258209229, - "start": 5, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewed households", - "confidence": 0.6720679998397827, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 2: Average rent per month**\n\n\n**Area** **Average rent per month in LBP**\n\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n\n**230,390**\n\n\n\n**Beirut and Mount Lebanon 441,957**\n\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**National**\n\n\n\n**282,522**\n\n\n**316,641**\n\n\n**328,917**\n\n\n\nRegarding the households\u2019 satisfaction with their shelters, 17.5% were dissatisfied, 3.4% were very dissatisfied, 33%\nwere satisfied, and 1.7% were very satisfied. The remaining 44.4% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. When it\ncomes to the relationship with the landlords, 50.3% of households stated that the relationship with the landlord was\npositive or very positive, whereas 43.2% stated that the relationship with landlords was neither negative nor positive,\n6.5% indicated having negative or very negative relationships with their landlords.\n\n\nMost beneficiary households (70.8%) indicated their landlords didn't know that they received winter cash assistance\nfrom UNHCR, whereas 20.9% indicated their landlords knew about receiving assistance, while 8.4% of households\nmentioned they don't know if their landlords knew about the assistance.\n\n\nAbout 29.2% of households mentioned that their shelter was affected by adverse weather conditions, 2.4% of\nhouseholds said they needed to procure additional shelter materials to secure or reinforce shelter for winter.\n\n\nAbout 63.8% of respondent households had enough winter clothes, 69.9% had enough mattress, 67.6% had enough\nblankets, and 66% indicated having enough heaters.\n\n\n**Figure 3: Households reporting on winter items availability**\n\n\n\n**63.8%**\n\n\n**HH**\n**Assets/Winter**\n**Clothes**\n\n\n\n**69.9%** **67.6%** **66.1%**\n\n\n**17.9%**\n\n\n**10%**\n\n\n**HH** **HH** **HH**\n**Assets/Mattresses** **Assets/Blankets** **Assets/Heater**\n\n\n\nMost of the families indicated not receiving core relief items during the winter (94.4%). About 4.3% of families\nindicated receiving blankets, 2.6% indicated receiving quilts, 1.7% indicated receiving winter clothes for adults or\nchildren, and 0.2% indicated receiving heaters.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **VII. Income Sources and Debt**\n\n##### **a) Income**\n\nRegarding income, the top three income sources were cash assistance through ATM from humanitarian organizations,\ncredit debts (informal) from shops, friends hosts, and income for work (formal and informal).\n\n\nAbout 44.3% mentioned cash assistance as their first choice of income, followed by income for work (former or\ninformal) (26.4%) and 16.6% for Ecards used in WFP food shops. Regarding the second choice for income households,\nmainly mentioned credit/debts (informal) shops, friends hosts (38.5%), followed by cash assistance through ATM\n(30.2%), and Ecards used in WFP food shops (15.3%). The third choice for income participant households mainly\nmentioned credit/debts (informal) shops, friends hosts (33.0%), while 43.3% of families had no third income source.\n\n##### **b) Debt**\n\n\nThe majority of families (87.9%) had borrowed money in the last three months. The primary reasons for debt were to\nbuy food (91.2%), to pay rent (67.7%), to buy medicine (39%), and to pay for health care such as a doctor or hospital visit\n(17.1%).\nAbout 89% of HH are on debt. For this group of people, the average national debt amount that has not been paid back,\nthe average was 2,082,081 LBP, while the median value was 1,600,000 LBP. The average amount of new debt in the last\n30 days was 700,822 LBP, while the median value was 600,000 LBP. The highest amount of total debt was in the south,\nwhile the average new debt was the highest in Beirut and Mount Lebanon.\n\n\n**Figure 4: Average debt in field offices**\n\n\n\n**National**\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n**Beirut & Mount Lebanon**\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n\n**2,422,500**\n\n\n**500,000** **1,000,000** **1,500,000** **2,000,000** **2,500,000** **3,000,000**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **VIII. Accessing Cash assistance**\n\n##### **a) Amount of assistance received**\n\nRegarding the amount of assistance, most the beneficiaries (98.6%) indicated receiving an amount that is 940,000 LBP\nor above. About 46.7% mentioned that the amount they received was the expected, 35.6% mentioned that it wasn't\nthe amount expected, whereas 17.7% said they don't know.\n\n##### **b) Spending cash assistance**\n\n\nRespondents mainly mentioned spending cash assistance in the supermarket (61.8%), in local markets (45.2%), and\nlocal shops (42.4%).\n\n\nMost families (99.8%) had no disagreement related to decisions on how to use cash assistance. About half of the\ninterviewees mentioned that the male head of household was the decision-maker on spending the cash, whereas\n39.5% of the family mentioned a joint decision between husband and wife. Only 10% mentioned that it was the woman\nhead of household was taking the decision.\n\n##### **c) Card Distribution**\n\n\nAbout 51.6% of interviewed households had a member who attended a red card distribution in the last three months.\nDistributions were mainly attended by the heads of households (76.3%), followed by the wife of the head of household\n(19%), and the remaining were other family members. About 87.6% of households who attended distribution mentioned\nthat the person who attended the distribution was available to answer the distributions' questions. Most of the distribution\nattendees (99.6%) indicated that the information received about the distribution was clear. Only one person mentioned\nthat the information received was unclear, and it was stated that they received the card without any information.\n\n\nAt the national level, the average time that the families took to arrive at the distribution site was 28.59 minutes. The\naverage transportation cost among those who had paid for transportation was 9,515 LBP. The average time spent at\nthe distribution site was around 56 minutes.\n\n\nMost families were satisfied with the distribution process (94.6%), while only 5% mentioned that they were neither\nsatisfied nor dissatisfied and only one family mentioned that they were not satisfied with the process. All families\nindicated that the distribution process was safe.\n\n##### **d) Withdrawing assistance at ATMs**\n\n\nThe vast majority of households who received assistance (98.7%) withdrew it from ATM; The remaining consisted of\nthose who didn\u2019t withdraw through ATM including 0.4% of families made purchases directly at the supermarket with\nthe card, whereas 0.9% of households could not withdraw cash.\n\n\nRegarding withdrawal from the ATM, 24.1% of households indicated withdrawing the assistance on the same day of\nreceiving SMS, 33.9% withdrew the money the day after receiving the SMS, 19.6% withdrew money two days after\nreceiving the SMS, and 20.2% withdrew money more than three days after receiving the SMS, and 1.3% went before\nreceiving the SMS.\n\n\nMost of the respondents (81.7%) were the people who went to the ATM to withdraw money. Most of those who went\nto withdraw the cash were heads of households (80.6%), followed by the spouse of the head of household (9.5%), other\nhousehold member (4.3%), and not a household member (4.4%). Only two families reported that the person who\nwithdrew the money asked for a fee in return, and one family only reported having issues with the person who\nwithdrew the money for them.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regarding transportation to the ATMs, households mainly relied on taxi (36.1%), bus (25.4%), and walking (25.6%).\nAbout 67% of the households paid transportation cost. The average transportation cost for those who paid for\ntransportation to the ATM was 8,502 LBP. This cost varied among field offices; the mean cost was the lowest in Beirut\nand Mount Lebanon (5267 LBP) and the highest in the South (16,667 LBP). The mean time to get to the ATM was 21.75\nmin. Time varied across regions: it was the highest in the South at 27.6 minutes, followed by the North at 26.2 minutes.\n\n\n**Table 3: Average ATM transportation Cost and Time to Reach per Area**\n\n\n**Area** **Average transportation cost (LBP )** **Average Length in time to reach ATM (min)**\n\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n**Beirut and Mount Lebanon**\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**National**\n\n\n\n**5684**\n\n\n**5267**\n\n\n**8494**\n\n\n**16679**\n\n\n**8502**\n\n\n\n**20.74**\n\n\n**16.63**\n\n\n**26.24**\n\n\n**27.62**\n\n\n**21.75**\n\n\n\nAbout 37.8% of the households mentioned that they had to wait in line before using the ATM. The average waiting time\nat the ATM was 54 minutes, while the median time was 30 minutes. About 24.5% of households mentioned facing very\nlong waiting times at ATMs, whereas 5% mentioned that they went and found no cash available at the ATM. Around\n1.5% said they faced mistreatment at ATM. However, 1.1% had their card blocked after several attempts, and one\nfamily only (0.2%) mentioned they needed to pay money to use the ATM. Most families (98.7%) withdrew the full\namount from the first time.\n\n### **IX. Risks and problems related to the cash assistance**\n\n\nThe majority of households reported not facing any problems while going to withdraw or get the money (98.1%) when\nkeeping money at home (99.1%) or going to spend money (99.1%). Most families indicated not having problems such as\nthe registered person is not being available to withdraw money (99.4%), having wrong pin code (99.4%), or issues such\nas poor service at the bank (99.8%), or markets or shops refusing to serve them (99.2%). All families confirmed not\nneeding to pay additional favors to spend or withdraw money. Only 1.6% of the families expressed being worried about\nsafety issues, such as COVID 19 and theft.\n\n\nRegarding COVID-19 related restrictions, 15.9% of the families indicated that they had movement restrictions when\nwithdrawing cash assistance, 13.8% of families had movement restrictions when spending the money, and only 1.7%\nhad issues when withdrawing or spending money due to a household member having contracted COVID-19.\n\n\nIn summary, 2 % of households reported feeling at risk (unsafe) receiving, keeping, or spending the cash assistance, and\n18% of households reported having one or more problems receiving, keeping, or spending the cash assistance,\nincluding COVID related restrictions.\n\n\nMost households (99.6%) mentioned that they had faced no issues with the refugees who did not receive cash\nassistance. Only two families mentioned having tension with other refugees who didn't receive assistance. All families\ninterviewed indicated that they didn't face any problems with the host community related to receiving cash assistance.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **X. Markets and shops**\n\nMost of the households (95.2%) mentioned that they could find the items and services needed in the markets and shops\nwhile88.6% said that they were able to find the right quality items and services in the market. However, 82.9%\nreported an increase in the price of the items and services provided. These included 55.9% of households reporting an\nincrease in food prices, 6.8% claiming an increase in the baby product's prices, 3% mentioned increase in the cost of\nfuel and heating, 8% on hygiene and cleaning items, and 41.6% noted an increase in all items\u2019 prices.\n\n### **XI. Expenditure**\n\n\nMost of the respondents (87.1%) mentioned that they had spent the full amount received from UNHCR, 4.8% spent\nmore than half, 5.1% spent half, and 2.7% spent less than half. The top three expenditures as rated by respondents were\nfood (1st), rent (2nd), firewood, or fuel for cooking or heating (3rd). Cash was mainly spent on food (83.5% of\nhouseholds) with an average of 416,212 LBP spent, followed by rent (45.5% of households) with an average of 357,393\nLBP spent, debt repayment (33.1% of households) with an average of 428,259 LBP spent, firewood or fuel for cooking\nor heating (32.7%) with an average of 349,645 LBP spent, health costs (29.8%) with an average of 260,490 LBP,\nhygiene items (21.3%) with an average of 106,464 LBP spent.\n\n### **XII. Outcomes**\n\n\nThe majority of respondents (98.3%) mentioned that the assistance improved their living conditions and reduced their\nfeelings of stress. Also, 98.9% indicated that the assistance contributed to reducing their financial burden. Table 4\nshows the detailed responses\n\n\n**Table 4: Households outcomes**\n\n\n\n**1.3%**\n\n\n**27.4%**\n\n\n**55.9%**\n\n\n**15.4%**\n\n\n**100.0**\n\n\n\n**Not at all**\n\n\n**Slightly**\n\n\n**Moderately**\n\n\n**Significantly**\n\n\n**Total**\n\n\n\n|Improved your living conditions|Reduced the financial burden of their household|\n|---|---|\n|**1.3%**|**1.1%**|\n|**26.8%**|**28.9%**|\n|**51.3%**|**49.4%**|\n|**20.5%**|**20.5%**|\n\n\n**100.0**\n\n\n\n**100.0**\n\n\n\nOnly 7.4% of refugee households mentioned they met all their basic needs, 18.3% met more than half but not all their\nneeds. The majority of families (71.7%) indicated they met half or less than half of their needs, while 2.7% did not meet\ntheir needs at all.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 4: Households outcomes**\n\n\n**Area** **Average rent per month in LBP**\n\n\n\n**Bekaa**\n\n\n\n**230,390**\n\n\n\n**Beirut and Mount Lebanon 441,957**\n\n\n\n**North**\n\n\n**South**\n\n\n**National**\n\n\n\n**282,522**\n\n\n**316,641**\n\n\n**328,917**\n\n\n\n**Figure 5: Extent to which needs are met**\n\n\n\n**All**\n\n\n**More half (but not all)**\n\n\n**Half**\n\n\n**Less than half**\n\n\n**Not at all**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**41%**\n\n\n\n\n\nThe primary cited unmet needs that were not affordable were food (59.1% of households), rent (55.4% of households),\nand debt repayment (39.9% of households). Many families mentioned that they had other unmet needs that they could\nnot afford, such as hygiene items (30%), clothes and shoes (28.5%), and health costs, including medicines (27.7%).\n\n### **XIII. Well being**\n\n\nThe majority of interviewed households (63.9%) indicated being dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their lives, 27.2%\nwere neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and only 8.9% were satisfied. The majority of respondents (71.7%) mentioned that\nthey feel their standard of living is getting worse and that they worry about the money always or most of the time (88.4%).\n\n\n**Figure 6: Feeling about the standard of living** **Figure 7: Worrying about money**\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Getting better** **Getting worse** **The same** **Always** **Most of the time** **Sometimes**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **XIV. Coping mechanisms**\n\n##### **a) Livelihoods coping strategies**\n\nAbout 99.2% of households had at least one food coping strategy, 77.6% had at least one stress coping strategy, 74.3%\nhad at least one crisis coping strategy, and 1.7% had at least one emergency coping strategy. The main cited coping\nstrategies were reducing expenditure on food (78.5%), reduce expenditure on hygiene items, water, baby items, health,\nor education (72.8%), taking out new loans (66.9%), and skip paying rent or debt repayment (57.6%).\n\n\n**Figure 8: Livelihoods coping mechanisms**\n\n\n\n**Stop a child from attending school?**\n\n**Sell livelihood/productive assets in order to buy food or basic goods?**\n**(e.g. sold items such as a car, motorbike, plough, sewing machine, tools)**\n**Ask for money from strangers (begging)?**\n\n**Move to a poorer quality shelter**\n\n\n**Send household members under the age of 16 to work?**\n\n\n**Send a member of the household to work far away?**\n**Engage in activites for money or items that you feel puts you or other**\n**members of your household at risk of harm?**\n**Skip paying rent/debt repayments to meet other needs?**\n\n\n**Take out new loans or borrowed money?**\n\n\n**Reduce expenditure hygiene items, water, baby items, health, or education**\n**in order to meet housegold food needs?**\n\n\n**Sell HH assets/goods (radio, furniture, jewellery)**\n\n\n**Reduce food expenditure**\n\n\n**Spent household savings**\n\n\n**Sold house/land**\n\n\n**Accept degrading unsuitable high risk dangerous or exploitative work**\n\n\n**Some members return to homeland**\n\n##### **b) Food coping strategies**\n\n\n\n\n\n**79%**\n\n\n\nThe reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI) includes the five most commonly used food-related coping strategies and\ntheir order of severity as a proxy indicator to measure access to food. The higher the rCSI, the more coping strategies\nhouseholds had to endure. The reduced food coping index score was the highest in the North with a value of 24.66,\nfollowed by BML 21.4, South 16.58, and Bekaa was the lowest with the value of 10.25.\n\n\n**Figure 9: Food coping reduced index score per area**\n\n\n\n**24.66**\n**21.41**\n\n\n\n**18.74**\n**16.58**\n\n\n\n**10.25**\n\n\n**Bekaa** **BML** **North** **South** **All**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reduced Coping Strategies Index", - "confidence": 0.9885709881782532, - "start": 427, - "end": 431 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "rCSI", - "confidence": 0.9864115715026855, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North", - "confidence": 0.7922781705856323, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.990016520023346, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rCSI", - "confidence": 0.5250016450881958, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North", - "confidence": 0.7522765398025513, - "start": 483, - "end": 484 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9678570628166199, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BML", - "confidence": 0.5148365497589111, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.691130518913269, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regarding the average number of days using different coping strategies, the most used coping strategies were relying\non less expensive or preferred food with an average of 5.39 days, followed by reducing the numbers of meals eaten per\nday with an average of 3.73 days, reducing the portion size of meals with an average of 3.45, and then restricted\nconsumptions of adults so that children can eat with 1.45 days.\n\n\n**Figure 10: Average numbers of days per week for food coping strategies**\n\n\n\n**Restrict consumption of female household members**\n\n\n**Sent HH members to eat elsewhere**\n\n\n**Restricted consumption of adults so that children could eat**\n\n\n**Spent days without eating**\n\n\n**Reduced portion size of meals**\n\n\n**Reduced the number of meals eaten per day**\n\n\n**Borrowed food and/or relied on help from friends/relatives**\n\n\n**Relied on less expensive/less preferred food**\n\n### **XV. Accountability**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5.39**\n\n\n\nThe majority of households (87.4%) indicated that they knew how to report on complaints and feedback regarding cash\nassistance. The main channels mentioned were a hotline (97.2%), complaints desk (6.9%), and complaints and suggestion\nbox (1.5%). Only 9% of the respondents have previously registered a complaint related to cash assistance. Complaints\nwere mainly about missing an upload of a particular month (45.85%), request to receive cash or food assistance (33.3%),\nlost, damaged or stolen card or pin and (10.4%), and card swallowed by ATM (6.3%). Complaints were mainly reported\nthrough the hotline (81.3%).\n\n### **XVI. Difference between food assisted and non-assisted**\n\n\nThe majority of the sample households (507; 95.4%) were either non-assisted or food-assisted [1] . The non-assisted\nconstitute 56% of this group, while the food assisted constitutes 44% of this group. In this section, outcomes such as\ndebt, expenditures, meeting needs, and coping mechanisms will be compared between these two groups.\nThe average current dept (unpaid) and the average new dept (last 30 days) were significantly lower (p <0.05) for the\nfood assisted group.\n\n\n**Table 5: Unpaid debt and new debt across groups**\n\n\n\n**Average Current Debt**\n\n\n**700,822**\n\n\n**740,246**\n\n\n**669,083**\n\n\n**18809.5; p = 0.014**\n\n\n\n**Overall sample**\n\n\n**Non-Assisted**\n\n\n**Food assisted**\n\n\n**Mann\u2013Whitney U test (Food assisted vs non assisted)**\n\n\n\n**Average Current Debt**\n\n\n**2,082,081**\n\n\n**2,151,206**\n\n\n**1,959,067**\n\n\n**21975; p=0.038**\n\n\n\n_1One family was MCAP assisted, while the assistance status for the remaining files was not available in the database. The analysis in this section will focus on_\n_food assisted and non-assisted groups._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regarding the top 3 expenditures, the first two choices were identical among both groups. However, the third choice\nwas debt repayment for non-assisted and firewood/fuel for the assisted group.\n\n\n**Table 6: Top 3 expenditure across groups**\n\n\n\n**Order**\n\n\n**First**\n\n\n**Second**\n\n\n**Third**\n\n\n\n|Overall|Non-Assisted|\n|---|---|\n|**Food**|**Food**|\n|**Rent**|**Rent**|\n\n\n**Firewood/Fuel**\n\n\n\n**Debt repayment**\n\n\n\n**Assisted**\n\n\n**Food**\n\n\n**Rent**\n\n\n**Firewood/Fuel**\n\n\n\nThe results in table 6 show that the percentage of households meeting all or more than half of basic needs was higher\namong the food assisted group (28.1%) vs. the non-assisted group (25.2%). The same pattern was observed among\nhouseholds who met half of their needs. It was 35.3% among food assisted vs. 24.9% among non-assisted. However,\nthe percentage of households not meeting their needs at all or less than half of the needs was higher among\nnon-assisted (49.8%) vs. food assisted (36.7%). Thus, those who are food assisted were more likely to meet a higher\nportion of their needs.\n\n\n**Table 7 Meeting needs across groups**\n\n\n\n**Food Assisted**\n\n\n**7.7%**\n\n\n**20.4%**\n\n\n**35.3%**\n\n\n**36.2%**\n\n\n**0.5%**\n\n\n\n|Overall|Non-Assisted|\n|---|---|\n|**7.4%**|**7.8%**|\n|**18%**|**17.4%**|\n|**31%**|**24.9%**|\n|**41%**|**45.2%**|\n\n\n**4.6%**\n\n\n\n**Coverage of Basic needs**\n\n\n**All**\n\n\n**More than half but not all**\n\n\n**Half**\n\n\n**Less than half**\n\n\n**Not at all**\n\n\n\n**3%**\n\n\n\n**Table 8: Reduced food coping index across groups**\n\n\n**Overall sample**\n\n\n**Non assisted**\n\n\n**Food assisted**\n\n\n**ManWittney U test (Food assisted vs non assisted)**\n\n\n\n**Reduced food coping index score**\n\n\n**18.74**\n\n\n**19.52**\n\n\n**16.70**\n\n\n**26514.5; p=0.05**\n\n\n\nThe food coping index was significantly lower within the food-assisted group (16.7 vs. 19.52 within the non-assisted),\nindicating less food coping severity. Thus, those who are not assisted had a more severe food coping than their food\nassisted counterparts.\n\n\nTable 5 shows the differences in different coping strategies between non assisted and food-assisted groups. The\npercentage of households with at least one stress coping strategy was higher among non-assisted (79%) than those\nwho were food-assisted (73%). However, Chi-square test results confirm no significant differences among\nfood-assisted and non-assisted groups regarding the three coping strategies listed below.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 6", - "confidence": 0.7960906624794006, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9656792283058167, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Meeting needs across groups", - "confidence": 0.8284836411476135, - "start": 282, - "end": 286 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9119213819503784, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ManWittney U test", - "confidence": 0.9071741104125977, - "start": 507, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8389925360679626, - "start": 631, - "end": 632 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 5", - "confidence": 0.5722389221191406, - "start": 612, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "differences in different coping strategies", - "confidence": 0.5402915477752686, - "start": 616, - "end": 621 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8747290372848511, - "start": 631, - "end": 632 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table 9: Coping strategies across groups**\n\n\n**Coping strategy**\n\n\n**HH with at least one Stress Coping strategy**\n\n\n**HH with at least one Crisis Coping Strategy**\n\n\n**HH with at least one Emergency coping strategy**\n\n\n\n|Overall|Non-Assisted|\n|---|---|\n|**77.6%**|**79%**|\n|**74.3%**|**75%**|\n\n\n**1.7%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**1%**\n\n\n\n**73%**\n\n\n**76%**\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n\nRegarding wellbeing, a higher percentage of non-assisted (77%) indicated that their standard of living is getting worse\nas shown in table 10. In addition, a higher percentage of non-assisted were dissatisfied of very dissatisfied about their\nlives as shown in table 10.\n\n\n**Table 10: Wellbeing difference between assisted and non-assisted**\n\n\n\n**Standard of living**\n\n\n**Getting better**\n\n\n**Getting worse**\n\n\n**The same**\n\n\n**Satisfaction about life**\n\n\n**Very dissatisfied**\n\n\n**Dissatisfied**\n\n\n**Neutral**\n\n\n**Satisfied**\n\n\n\n|Overall|Not Assisted|\n|---|---|\n|**1%**|**1%**|\n|**71%**|**77%**|\n|**28%**|**23%**|\n|||\n|**22%**|**25%**|\n|**42%**|**46%**|\n|**27%**|**23%**|\n\n\n**9%**\n\n\n\n\n\n**7%**\n\n\n\n**2%**\n\n\n**63%**\n\n\n**35%**\n\n\n**18%**\n\n\n**37%**\n\n\n**33%**\n\n\n**12%**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/19be82bb-76db-36f0-a9c6-ca8ff2623623/WINCAP%202020-2021%20PDM%20report%20-Final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_751/raw/doc_751_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_751/raw/doc_751_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7ee8cd1f1d01fc1189e584b56bb51bc054033c38..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_751/raw/doc_751_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Refugees in East Africa:\nBoosting Urban Innovations for\nLivelihoods Development\n\n## POLICY BRIEF\n\n# The Impact of Cash Grants and Cash + Mentorship on Kenyan and Refugee Business Owners in Nairobi, Kenya\n\n## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nA randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to assess the impact of both cash grants and cash grants +\nmentorship support on programs on improving the economic and mental wellbeing outcomes of refugee and\nKenyan business owners in Nairobi, Kenya. The study found that giving cash grants alone and giving cash grants\ncombined with mentorship greatly improved business ownership, profits, productive assets and average monthly\nincome for both refugees and Kenyan nationals. The greatest impact was observed on new business owners.\nAdditionally, 1:1 mentorship was found to greatly benefit the mental wellbeing of participants, particularly\nKenyan men. However, there were notable gender differences, as refugee women experienced minimal effects\non business outcomes across both groups.\n\n\nThe study recommends that cash grants should be prioritized as a cost-effective approach for supporting business\nowners, while mentorship requires careful design to mitigate structural constraints\u2014especially around gender\u2014\nto promote women\u2019s business growth. In addition, more research is necessary to understand which aspects of\nmentorship add value to justify the higher costs associated with this support. The study findings are essential for\ninforming future programs and policies aimed at assisting refugees and vulnerable populations economically in\nEast Africa, and beyond.\n\n\nThe study was undertaken by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) Refugees in East Africa: Boosting Urban\n[Innovations for Livelihoods Development (Re:BUiLD) program in partnership with researchers from Princeton and](https://rebuild.rescue.org/)\nGeorgetown Universities, and with funding support from the IKEA Foundation.\n\n\nThis Policy Brief provides a summary of the study, with a focus on policy recommendations for donors, practitioners,\nresearchers and governments. To access the full study details and results, please find the comprehensive Research\n[Brief available here.](https://rebuild.rescue.org/learning-briefs/wave-1-rct-research-brief)\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Kenya | April 2025 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ce0033e-22d1-596b-a629-77f08ae8741c/Wave%201%20RCT%20Kenya%20-%20Policy%20Brief%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## INTRODUCTION\n\nMicro-entrepreneurship is an important economic approach in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries,\nespecially where formal employment opportunities are scarce\u2014such as for migrants and refugees. However,\nprograms aimed at promoting entrepreneurship have had different levels of success, especially for marginalized\ngroups such as women and refugees. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of providing cash grants and\nmentorship to refugee and host communities, providing valuable insights and lessons on their effectiveness.\n\n## STUDY DESIGN\n\n\nApproximately 2,000 mentees and 1,900 mentors participated in the RCT. Mentees were Kenyan local business\nowners who received a 1-day training from the IRC, and were required to meet with their mentees for eight 1:1\nweekly meetings. A group of mentors were randomly chosen to receive training on developing interpersonal\nrelationships with their mentees through perspective-sharing, known as the enhanced mentorship treatment arm.\nParticipants were assigned to one of three primary treatment arms, or a control group:\n\n\n1. cash grants,\n2. cash grants + mentorship,\n3. cash grants + 1:1 enhanced mentorship,\n4. control group.\n\n\nAll participants received a lump-sum cash grant of 56,000 KSH (USD $424) to start or invest in a business. These\ngrants were disbursed roughly one month after the start of the intervention. Participants in the mentorship arms\nwere not required to attend the 1:1 mentorship meetings in order to receive payment. The control group received\ndelayed cash grants, after the evaluation was completed.\n\n\nPhoto Credit: June 6, 2024, Nairobi, Kenya. Josephine Nakabugu (right) inspects a fabric for sale and her mentor (left) Caroline\nAchieng\u2019 sewing a dress at their tailoring shop in Kawangware. Josephine met Caroline through the IRC and IKEA Foundation\u2019s\nRe:BUiLD program, where a microenterprise Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) focused on mentorship brought them together,\nsince then, they\u2019ve been working side by side. (PHOTO: Edgar Otieno for the IRC).\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Kenya | April 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ce0033e-22d1-596b-a629-77f08ae8741c/Wave%201%20RCT%20Kenya%20-%20Policy%20Brief%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## FINDINGS AND RESULTS\n\n1. The study found that cash grants and cash grants + mentorship led to a greater likelihood of owning a\nbusiness in the short- and medium- term, and sustained improvements in various business success metrics\namong participants.\n\n\n - Business ownership increased significantly by 12% for participants receiving cash grants, and 24%\nfor those receiving cash grants + mentorship. Across both arms, productive assets increased by 56%\ncompared to the control group who received cash grants after the evaluation was completed. This\nsuggests that participants invested a significant portion of cash grants received into their businesses.\n\n\n - Time spent on business increased by an average of 9 hours weekly.\n\n\n - Monthly business profits increased by US$34, which is a significant 77% increase from the control\ngroup. The average household monthly income also saw a 23% increase to US$76. This highlights the\nimportance of cash grants and mentorship in promoting business success, household financial stability,\nand resilience for vulnerable populations.\n\n\n2. New business owners saw positive and greater impacts than established business owners.\n\n\n - Participants who did not own a business at the beginning of the program were likely to open a new\nbusiness, increase business profits, acquire productive assets, and spend more time on their business.\nExisting business owners also saw a 10% increase in the likelihood of keeping their businesses open in\nthe long term, compared to their counterparts in the control group. However, there was no improvement\nin business profits for existing business owners until the ninth month.\n\n\n - At nine months, participants who had existing businesses at the beginning experienced an average\nincrease in business profits of US$22, compared to the control group. However, this increase is half the\nsize of the increase seen among those who did not have businesses from the beginning (US$40).\n\n\n - These findings suggest that it is easier for people to start businesses than to grow them. The program\nis more successful in encouraging the creation of new businesses, than at increasing the profits of\nexisting businesses, which aligns with previous research.\n\n\n - The study found that participants experienced major differences in business results, based on gender\nand refugee status.\n\n\n - Neither cash grants alone nor cash grants + mentorship improved business outcomes for refugee\nwomen. This may be due to high rates of business ownership among refugee women at the beginning\nof the program and systemic challenges to growing micro- and small enterprises. This illustrates that\nthe program did not effectively tackle the specific challenges faced by refugee women. As a result,\ntheir effectiveness in promoting business growth within this group was limited.\n\n\n3. The integration of a 1:1 mentorship component alongside cash grants yielded modest yet significant\neconomic and psychological benefits for Kenyan participants.\n\n\n - Kenyan men who received 1:1 mentorship alongside cash grants experienced a monthly profit increase\nof US$26, compared to US$19 from receiving cash grants alone.\n\n\n - It was observed that cash grants + mentorship improved participants\u2019 mental wellbeing three months\nafter the start of the program.\n\n\n - Mentorship led to a rise in business investments among Kenyan men, resulting in slightly higher profits\nthat have been sustained for up to nine months. However, it seems that mentorship encourages men\nto prioritize their business over other forms of employment, which seems to result in positive returns\nfor Kenyan men.\n\n\n - The success of a mentee is influenced by the size of a mentor\u2019s network, indicating that the effectiveness\nof mentorship programs depends on the selection of mentors with large networks.\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Kenya | April 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8298919200897217, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "US", - "confidence": 0.6556912064552307, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.6172637939453125, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8963112831115723, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.7326101064682007, - "start": 401, - "end": 402 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ce0033e-22d1-596b-a629-77f08ae8741c/Wave%201%20RCT%20Kenya%20-%20Policy%20Brief%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS\n\nUsing the IRC human resources and organizational systems, the cash-only treatment arm cost US $762 per\nparticipant while cash grants + mentorship cost US$1,181 - $1,182 per participant. In order to drive increased\nbusiness profits through cash grants, an investment of $3.43 is required to achieve a US$1 increase in profits.\nThe cash grants + mentorship treatment arms require an investment of US$4.56 to see a US$1 increase in profits.\nIn the same way, it costs $2.95 to increase the productive assets of participants by US$1 with the cash grants\nonly, compared to US$5.59 with cash grants + mentorship. The main conclusion is that giving cash grants alone\nproduces similar economic results as cash grants + mentorship, but at a lower cost. However, this analysis does\nnot take into account potential impacts in areas including social cohesion and mental wellbeing, which should be\nconsidered in future programming and policy decisions.\n\n\nPhoto Credit: June 12, 2024, Nairobi, Kenya \u2013 Ferdinand Kubuimana cuts a client\u2019s hair in his business premises located in Kitengela.\nFerdinand received a business grant from the IRC & IKEA Foundation\u2019s Re:BUiLD program as part of microenterprise Randomized\nControlled Trial (RCT) in Nairobi which helped him to open a barbershop after years of being employed. (Photo: Edgar Otieno for\nthe IRC).\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Kenya | April 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ce0033e-22d1-596b-a629-77f08ae8741c/Wave%201%20RCT%20Kenya%20-%20Policy%20Brief%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: DONORS, PRACTIONIONERS AND RESEARCHERS\n\ni. Consider holistic benefits of mentorship: When evaluating the cost effectiveness of mentorship programs, it\nis important to consider the overall benefits beyond just the 1:1 relationship. The IRC\u2019s cost efficiency analysis\nhas shown that mentorship can be more costly compared to providing cash grants. Practitioners should assess\nthe holistic impact of mentorship on different subgroups to determine which aspects are most valuable and\nwhether the costs are justified.\n\n\nii. Identify motivation: Future programs need to clearly define their target population and differentiate between\nmicroentrepreneurs who engage in self-employment out of necessity versus those who choose it as a preferred\nor selected profession, in order to effectively assess program objectives.\n\n\niii. Explore alternative support options: Individuals interested in self-employment may find more success in\nprograms that address labor market challenges or provide direct humanitarian aid for basic needs, rather\nthan focusing solely on funding and mentorship for starting a business. Microentrepreneurs looking to make\na significant impact may have more opportunities to change capital into business growth.\n\niv. Recognize obstacles faced by specific subgroups: When designing a program, it is important to consider\nthe unique challenges that different subgroups face based on their refugee status and gender. In the future,\nprograms may aim to address inequalities in business opportunities in order to reduce the gender earning\ngap in businesses\u2014such as through providing childcare, or targeted labor market access.\n\n\nv. Test assertions: Future research examining the effects of business mentorship should verify that the size of\na mentor\u2019s network predicts the success of the mentee. Although this assertion was supported by our study,\naddition testing could enable the targeted selected mentors for future programs based on characteristics\nknown to predict mentee success.\n\n\nvi. Promote research: In the future, studies could examine programs that aim to expand the social and professional\nnetworks of microentrepreneurs by introducing them to key stakeholders such as suppliers, buyers, investors,\nand fellow entrepreneurs. Establishing a network of small businessmen could provide valuable insights into\nwhether lack of connections and networking opportunities hinder the growth of microenterprises.\n\n\nvii. Encourage research: There is a need for future research to investigate why providing cash alone in combination\nwith mentorship, does not lead to an improvement in mental wellbeing of refugee men and women. This\nstudy shows the existing research that shows the temporary positive effect of cash grants on general wellbeing.\n\n\nviii. Explore mentorship initiatives: To maximize learning from this study, researchers and practitioners can enhance\ntheir learning by closely monitoring the individual interactions between mentors and mentees. Although such\nmonitoring may impact the interactions, it could also help shed light on the research design and ways through\nwhich mentorship can influence results.\n\n## KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: CITY AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS\n\n\ni. Prioritize gender-sensitive economic opportunities: Policy makers should focus on increasing formal\neconomic opportunities for women, particularly refugee women. Many women are self-employed and stuck in\nlow-return, home-based activities due to labor market challenges and limited opportunities.\n\n\nii. Address obstacles to female economic empowerment: Policymakers should work to address cultural and\nsocietal issues that hinder women\u2019s economic empowerment. This can be achieved by either empowering\nwomen to work around the limiting gender norms or by implementing society-level efforts to challenge and\nalter these norms.\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Kenya | April 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1ce0033e-22d1-596b-a629-77f08ae8741c/Wave%201%20RCT%20Kenya%20-%20Policy%20Brief%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_752/raw/doc_752_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_752/raw/doc_752_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 296397e82d47b06cd5a9178ad8d726986fa5f186..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_752/raw/doc_752_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Refugees in East Africa:\nBoosting Urban Innovations for\nLivelihoods Development\n\n## POLICY BRIEF\n\n# The Impact of Cash Grants and Cash + Mentorship on Ugandan and Refugee Business Owners in Kampala, Uganda\n\n## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nA randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated the impact of cash grants and mentorship programs on boosting\nmicro entrepreneurship outcomes among economically vulnerable refugees and Ugandan nationals in Kampala,\nUganda. The study found that cash grants significantly improved business profits, household well-being, and social\ncohesion over a 12-month period\u2014particularly benefiting men and larger businesses. However, the combination\nof mentorship programs and cash grants was associated with mixed results. Refugee men experienced positive\nresults, whilst women mentored by other women fared worse than those who only received cash.\n\n\nThe study recommends that cash grants should be prioritized as a cost-effective strategy for supporting\nmicroentrepreneurs, while mentorship requires careful design and consideration of gender dynamics to avoid\nadverse outcomes for female participants.\n\n\nThe study was undertaken by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) Refugees in East Africa: Boosting Urban\n[Innovations for Livelihoods Development (Re:BUiLD) program in partnership with researchers from the Center for](https://rebuild.rescue.org/)\nGlobal Development (CGD), University of Rochester, Economic Policy Research Center (EPRC), and Georgetown\nUniversity, and with funding support from the IKEA Foundation, part of which was awarded by Innovations for\nPoverty Action (IPA) through the IPA and Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab Displaced Livelihoods Initiative.\n\n\nThis Policy Brief provides a summary of the study, including policy recommendations for donors, practitioners,\nresearchers and governments. To access the full study details and results please find the full Research Brief\n[available here, and working paper available here.](https://rebuild.rescue.org/learning-briefs/wave-1-rct-research-brief)\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Uganda | April 2025 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3b1cb723-c6a8-569f-90fc-af5a8f5e43cd/Wave%201%20RCT%2C%20Uganda%20-%20Policy%20Brief%2C%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## INTRODUCTION\n\nEntrepreneurship is often considered an important pathway towards self-reliance for refugee populations,\nincluding in Uganda\u2014according to the 2024 learning brief, authored by U-Learn and sponsored by USAID\nand FCDO. Yet many small business owners face significant obstacles, including limited access to financial and\nmanagerial resources. Cash grants are a crucial tool to overcome financial limitations, providing direct capital that\ncan be strategically invested in businesses. This study explored the effectiveness of cash grants and a mentorship\nprogram aimed at supporting both Ugandan host communities and refugees in Kampala, contributing valuable\ninsights for effective micro entrepreneurship and social cohesion interventions.\n\n## STUDY DESIGN\n\n\nThe Re:BUiLD study engaged a total sample of 2,600 participants from the urban neighborhoods of Kampala,\nincluding 2,000 inexperienced and prospective entrepreneurs and 600 mentors. Participants were selected based\non vulnerability criteria established by the IRC, and were divided into two primary treatment arms and a control\ngroup:\n\n\n1. cash grants,\n2. cash grants + mentorship,\n3. control group.\n\n\nParticipants in the cash grants treatment arm received 2,000,000 UGX (USD $540), while those in the mentorship\narm received a similar amount of a cash grant and received mentorship over a six-month period. These mentees\nwere organized into groups of three paired with one mentor, varying in nationality and gender composition.\nParticipants in the control group received delayed cash grants. Economic and social outcomes were assessed at\nmultiple intervals (baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months) to evaluate the intervention\u2019s effectiveness.\n\n\nPhoto Credit: February 12, 2025, Kampala, Uganda. Jose Kahindo (right) and her niece peeling irish potatoes - one of fastest selling\nitems at her shop. Kahindo received a business grant from the IRC & IKEA Foundation\u2019s Re:BUiLD program as part of microenterprise\nRandomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Kampala to start a general merchandise shop. (PHOTO: Nathan Ijjo Tibaku for The IRC)\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Uganda | April 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 learning brief", - "confidence": 0.6838909983634949, - "start": 23, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "U-Learn", - "confidence": 0.9958156943321228, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9946008920669556, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3b1cb723-c6a8-569f-90fc-af5a8f5e43cd/Wave%201%20RCT%2C%20Uganda%20-%20Policy%20Brief%2C%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## FINDINGS AND RESULTS\n\n1. Cash grants show large, persistent positive impacts.\n\n\n - Study results showed that cash grants led to lasting positive impacts and that all groups who received\ncash experienced improvements in their household wellbeing\u2014including enhanced food security,\nincreased assets and higher savings.\n\n\n - Beyond profit, the cash grants notably increased business performance in several ways. This included\na higher likelihood of businesses being actively operated by participants and the dedication of more\ntime to their enterprises, with the potential to enhance business performance. There was a significant\nincrease in the value of productive assets\u2014such as business capital and inventory\u2014suggesting that\nparticipants invested a significant portion of the cash grant in their businesses.\n\n\n - For men, monthly business profits increased by approximately US$27, a trend that was sustained for\nover 12 months after the program ended.\n\n\n - The study suggests that receiving cash grants enabled participants to address financial capital\nchallenges, creating a more stable environment for businesses to thrive.\n\n\n2. Benefits of cash grants are concentrated among larger businesses.\n\n\n - The study found that the strongest benefits were seen among larger businesses that were already\nmoderately profitable. Within this group, men experienced an average increase in earnings of US$100\nper month, while women experienced an average increase of US$50 per month. This highlights that\ncash grants can significantly improve the growth and profitability of larger, established businesses.\n\n\n - The concentration of cash grant benefits among larger businesses indicates that these enterprises had\nthe capacity, established infrastructure and possibly the market opportunities to leverage the additional\ncapital more effectively, allowing them to absorb and invest the cash more efficiently. This resulted in\nsignificant increases in monthly profits and likely contributed to overall business growth through more\nimpactful strategic investment in productive assets and expanded operations.\n\n\n3. Mentorship shows mixed results, with gender differences.\n\n\n - The mentorship program showed mixed results and did not significantly improve economic outcomes\nfor most participants, beyond the impact of cash grants alone. While participants in mentorship groups\nhad regular contact with their mentors and peers, with more contacts during and after the 6-month\nintervention, the impacts on profits was minimal when compared to giving cash-only grants.\n\n\n - Participants who received both mentorship and cash did not perform better than those only received\ncash, with the exception of refugee men who experienced an average US$26 increase in income. On\nthe other hand, mentored women experienced a negative profit reduction compared to those who\nonly received cash grants. The negative effects appear to be a result of the mentorship component\nincluded in the program. This may have hindered women\u2019s ability to maximize their profits, compared\nto what they could have achieved with just the cash grant.\n\n\n4. Cash grants expand networks, mentorship shows limited effects.\n\n\n - The study found that cash grants effectively expanded business networks, particularly for men within\ntheir own nationality group who reported additional business contacts. Mentorship on the other hand\nhad limited effects on men\u2019s business networks. This comparison indicates that receiving cash grants\nmay have been more effective than the mentorship program in promoting network growth and new\nbusiness connections.\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Uganda | April 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3b1cb723-c6a8-569f-90fc-af5a8f5e43cd/Wave%201%20RCT%2C%20Uganda%20-%20Policy%20Brief%2C%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Cash grants improve social cohesion, mentorship show no additional effect.\n\n\n - Participants who received cash grants experienced a slight noticeable improvement in social cohesion\nand policy attitudes towards refugees. This was seen in increased trust, acceptance of refugees as\nneighbors or family members, and involvement in economic activities with refugees. However,\nit remains uncertain whether the improvements were directly linked to the cash grants or financial\nbenefits experienced by participants.\n\n\n - Cash grant + mentorship groups did not show a significant increase in social cohesion compared\nto those who received cash grants. This indicates that providing cash grants played a crucial role in\npromoting social integration, while the addition of cross-nationality mentorship did not improve this\nresult.\n\n## COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS\n\n\nThe cash grant intervention proved to be a more cost-effective approach in enhancing microentrepreneurial\nsuccess and social cohesion compared to the cash + mentorship arm. The latter was substantially more expensive,\nyet did not deliver enhanced benefits for all groups. The findings suggest that while immediate cash assistance\neffectively addresses financial constraints to small business owners, mentorship must be redesigned to better\ncater to target demographics\u2014particularly women\u2014to justify additional costs associated with this treatment arm.\n\n\nPhoto Credit: August 18, 2023, Kampala, Uganda. Alain Masikini Nzembo prepares to feed his chickens. Originally from the DRC, he\nhas lived in Uganda since 2012. After years as a loader and hawker, he joined the Re:BUiLD program and received a $550 grant. He\nstarted a poultry business with 160 chickens and now sells each for at least $9. One year in, he\u2019s aiming to expand. (Photo: Joseph\nSosi for the IRC).\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Uganda | April 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3b1cb723-c6a8-569f-90fc-af5a8f5e43cd/Wave%201%20RCT%2C%20Uganda%20-%20Policy%20Brief%2C%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: DONORS, PRACTIONIONERS AND RESEARCHERS\n\ni. Prioritize cash grants: Donors should focus on funding cash grant programs, which have proven to be a costeffective approach to supporting micro entrepreneurship and enhancing social cohesion.\n\nii. Tailor support for women entrepreneurs: Acknowledging the gender-specific impacts of cash grants, it is\nessential to design interventions that that cater to women\u2019s specific needs. Some potential solutions are to\nestablish tailored financial literacy programs and support networks to enhance their business capabilities.\n\niii. Refine mentorship initiatives: Practitioners must critically assess mentorship programs\u2014especially relating to\ngender\u2014as choosing the right mentors is key to maximizing outcomes.\n\n\niv. Encourage research: Future studies should delve into the varied impacts of mentorship on different\ndemographic groups\u2014particularly focusing on women when paired with female mentors\u2014to identify barriers\nand areas for improvement.\n\n## KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: CITY AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS\n\n\ni. Use cash grants: Policy makers should consider using cash grants to positively influence social cohesion,\nthe acceptance of refugees as neighbors, and willingness to engage in economic activities with refugees, to\nmaximize their potential.\n\n\nii. Design and strengthen gender-sensitive programs: It is crucial for the government to create and endorse\ninclusive programs that address harmful norms in government policies and regulatory frameworks. These\nprograms should specifically target the challenges faced by individuals with limited access to profitable\nopportunities\u2014particularly refugee women.\n\n\nPhoto Credit: February 26, 2025, Kampala, Uganda. Florine Balula making a wig. Florine received a business grant from the IRC &\nIKEA Foundation\u2019s Re:BUiLD program as part of microenterprise Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Kampala that helped her start\na salon business in Makindye Division. (Photo: Nathan Ijjo Tibaku for the IRC).\n\n\nRe:BUiLD \u2013 Policy Brief, Uganda | April 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3b1cb723-c6a8-569f-90fc-af5a8f5e43cd/Wave%201%20RCT%2C%20Uganda%20-%20Policy%20Brief%2C%20ReBUILD.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_753/raw/doc_753_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_753/raw/doc_753_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 64f36ed77e4788823c9ae8a53b4e4db0a17eb243..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_753/raw/doc_753_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 258**\n\n# **Waves of life:** **the role of radio in** **Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal**\n\n\n**Priya Govindaraj**\n\n\nJuly 2013\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqep00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as\nexternal researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues.\nThe papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under\n\u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nI had been in the Terai region of Nepal visiting the Bhutanese refugee camps for three\nweeks and was still unaccustomed to the sweltering heat. I groaned loudly, wiping the sweat\npouring off my face, as I realized that it was still before noon and the day\u2019s temperature had\nnot yet neared its peak. \u201cCome, let us break at my family\u2019s hut,\u201d said my translator,\nVidhyapati, noticing my discomfort.\n\nWe treaded the bustling orange clay path running through the camp, dodging pedestrians,\nbicyclists and the occasional goat or chicken. We passed endless clusters of huts made of\nmud and thatch and wells where refugee women chatted while collecting drinking water for\ntheir families. We trudged through tiny gardens bursting with local fruits and vegetables\nthat the refugees grew to supplement their meager rations. Finally we arrived at the hut, a\nmud and clay structure the size of a large living room with a thatch roof.\n\nI was immediately greeted by a slew of Vidhyapati\u2019s family members, all of whom only\nspoke Nepali. \u201cNamaste!\u201d I exclaimed in my thick American accent. They chuckled\npolitely. \u201cPriya is a friend of mine. She is here studying radio,\u201d Vidhyapati explained, as he\ntook a seat on the clay steps of the well-kept hut. \u201cI never listen to radio,\u201d his mother,\ncommented. Her statement surprised me. I had spoken with refugees of all ages and\nbackgrounds, but had yet to encounter anyone that did not listen to the radio.\n\nAt that moment I was distracted by an ethereal noise, seemingly disembodied from the\ncacophony of the camp. I turned in the direction of the sound and noticed that the\nneighbours, though nowhere in sight, had left a radio on outside. \u201cIs that common? Aren\u2019t\nthey worried about wasting the battery?\u201d I asked. \u201cIt is very common. I also do the same\nthing,\u201d Vidhyapati\u2019s mother replied.\n\nI was struck by the contradictory nature of her response. \u201cOh, I thought you didn\u2019t listen to\nradio,\u201d I said. \u201cI like it in the background,\u201d she clarified. Though straightforward, I was\npuzzled by her answer. \u201cIf you don\u2019t listen to radio, why do you like to keep it on?\u201d The\nelderly woman\u2019s brow furrowed, perhaps in deep concentration or in irritation from my\npersistent questioning. After a few moments, she finally responded \u2013 \u201cWithout radio, I feel\nlonely.\u201d\n\nRadios are powerful objects. They transmit information to societies, nurture communities\nand, as in the case of the Rwandan genocide, even destroy them (Kellow and Steeves 1998,\n107). Though in the Western world radio is often perceived as an outdated artifact or a source\nof entertainment reserved for travel between two places, it is a ubiquitous fixture in many\ndeveloping countries and plays an integral role as an affordable, accessible and mobile\ninformation medium. But does radio\u2019s power go beyond its capacity to communicate to a\nwide audience?\n\nBhutanese refugees do not own much, but among their few possessions, you will often\ndiscover a radio. For these refugees, residing in camps located in eastern Nepal, radio is the\nprimary means of accessing critical information. It commonly covers crime and other\nimportant occurrences in the camps, floods during the monsoon season, fires during the dry\nseason and riots in this politically tumultuous region. Aside from relaying news, radio\nstations deliver a variety of recreational programmes, which occupied countless hours of\nrefugees\u2019 listening time.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I had traveled over 8,000 miles to assess the use of radio in the Bhutanese refugee camps. I\nwas interested in the utility of such a medium for refugees, who themselves have been\nmobile, face isolation in their host countries, have high rates of illiteracy and function on\nlimited resources. For such individuals, radio\u2019s features make it highly adoptable and\nvaluable. I immediately determined that radio was a heavily relied upon source for news and\nentertainment, but soon discovered that a critical aspect of its use had been overlooked.\n\n\nIt occurred to me after my conversation with Vidhyapati\u2019s mother that, although his mother\nhad never paid attention to the programmes, she felt isolated without radio. Such a sentiment\nsuggested that the very presence of the radio had meaning. I had been fixated on radio\u2019s\nutilitarian function \u2013 as a means of communicating information between transmitter and\nreceiver \u2013 and had missed its deeper significance. The purpose of radio went beyond\nsupplying content. In fact, it was woven into the lives of refugees, and the nature of its\nincorporation reflected the refugee condition, their state of being and very existence. This\npaper expands upon the above premise, exploring radio\u2019s significance to refugees and the\nrole it plays in their experiences.\n\n**Radio and society**\n\nThe rapid integration of radio in society in the 1920s and 1930s marked the beginning of the\nmass communications era, ushering in an age of technological connectivity, information\nsharing and entertainment (Lenthall 2012). At its inception, commercial radio was envisioned\nas a means of enhancing social life within the home, educating and informing the masses,\nbuilding communities and unifying nation-states.\n\nWhile many applauded radio\u2019s capacities, others highlighted its negative impacts and lacking\nfeatures. Radio, for instance, eroded away at the individual \u2013 it imported the public sphere\ninto the private domestic space and created and distributed a mass culture for consumption,\nshaped by the producers of its content. In addition to its potential to homogenize and\ndepersonalize society, the mass communication medium was an effective propaganda vehicle\n(Lenthall 2012). Radio\u2019s relationship with society was hardly interactive or dynamic; some\nconsidered it predetermined and imposed. In 1932, Bertolt Brecht, German intellectual, poet\nand playwright, wrote:\n\n\nRadio could be the most wonderful public communication system imaginable,\na gigantic system of channels \u2014 could be, that is, if it were capable not only\nof transmitting but of receiving, of making the listener not only hear but also\nspeak, not of isolating him but of connecting him (Brecht: 1979:25).\n\n\nBrecht lamented the one-sided nature of radio and adamantly called for its transformation\ninto a reciprocal device. His critique was premised on the technology of the medium, a frame\nof analysis that was prevalent in the early days of radio\u2019s introduction and typical of initial\ncommentaries on media\u2019s role in society.\nHowever, in more recent times there has been a shift in approach. The discourse on media is\nno longer solely focused on its communicative capacities. There is greater emphasis on\n\u201cethnographic accounts of people\u2019s on the ground engagements with media\u201d (Spitulnik\n2000:337). Furthermore, anthropologist, Debra Spitulnik, writes,\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Over the past decade there has been a serious rethinking of the concepts of\n\u201caudience\u201d and \u201creception\u201d within media studies. Most significantly, this\nwork has rejected the familiar assumption that \u201cthe audience\u201d is a unified\naggregate that receives a fixed message. Scholars have increasingly shifted\ntheir attention to the fact that people use mass media and thus are not passive\nreceivers but active participants in ongoing communication processes.\n(Spitulnik 2000:145)\n\nIn her own work, \"Documenting Radio Culture as Lived Experience,\" Spitulnik examines\nradio in Zambia. She explores its role in daily life and the sociocultural meaning and context\nof its use. In particular, she focuses on radios\u2019 portability and how it factors into the nature of\nits functions, its presence and ability to create social spaces, its integration with and influence\non social practices and its commodity status \u2013 how radio is associated with the \u201cprestige\u201d of\nthe owner/user and the material, economic and cultural conditions of its ownership and use\n(Spitulnik 2000:146).\n\nJo Tacchi, another prominent writer on radio has taken a similar approach in her piece,\n\u201cRadio Texture: Between Self and Others.\u201d Tacchi studied radio listening in domestic spaces,\nconcluding that radio\u2019s sound lends a presence that users form a relationship with, adding \u201ca\ndimension of sociability to the lives of individual listeners in their homes\u201d (Tacchi 1998:27).\n\nBoth Tacchi and Spitulnik allow us to reconceptualize how we conceive of radio\u2019s role and\nimpacts. They promote a theoretical standpoint that moves away from the \u201cindividual\ninterpretive moment of decoding a media message.\u201d The comprehension of media content,\nSpitulnik notes, \u201cmay not be the only \u2013 or the most significant - aspect of what media\n\u201cmean\u201d in a given sociocultural context\u201d (Spitulnik 2000:338).\n\n**Bhutan**\n\nIn the 1890s the Government of Bhutan began to contract Nepali farmers to cultivate the\nsparsely populated, fertile land in its southern region and contribute to the country\u2019s food\nsupply (Hutt). In 1958 the government passed a citizenship act, granting those farmers\nBhutanese citizenship. The ethnically Nepali and primarily Hindu southern Bhutanese grew\nin size over the years and began to take root in Bhutanese society \u2013 some even occupied\nimportant positions in bureaucracies (Hutt).\n\nHowever, they soon came to be seen as a threat to the homogenous Buddhist state of Bhutan\n(Hutt). In the 1980s a new citizenship act was passed that forced all Southern Bhutanese to\nprovide documentation proving their legal residence. This was followed by an additional law\nwhich stipulated that any Bhutanese citizen not donning the northern, traditional mode of\ndress would be subject to fines or imprisonment. The Nepali language was also banned from\nschools around this time. In the early 1990s, many Bhutanese fled, but an even larger number\nwere forced to leave (Hutt). Approximately 100,000 people settled at the borders of Nepal,\nforming seven refugee camps in the area.\n\nIn October 2006, the United States government extended an offer to resettle more than half of\nthe Bhutanese refugee population (IOM). Other countries, such as Australia, the Netherlands,\nCanada and New Zealand, began resettling refugees as well, although in smaller numbers\n(IOM). As there was little chance for them to acquire Nepalese citizenship and the Bhutanese\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government refuses to entertain repatriation, many refugees see third-country resettlement as\ntheir only option.\n\n_Media landscape in the camps_\n\nRadio is one of the cheapest and most widely available information mediums in the\nBhutanese refugee camps. Limited use is made of other technologies than radio. Some\nrefugees own televisions, a sure sign that their huts are supplied with electricity. Televisions\nare mainly viewed for entertainment and news, though it should be noted that those I\nencountered were not functional. The refugees that owned the televisions reported that they\nwere difficult to keep in working order, perhaps due to camp conditions.\n\nOn occasion refugees use internet cafes located within the camps. Younger individuals visit\ngaming and social media sites. The majority of refugees, however, access the Internet to\ncommunicate with family and friends resettled in other countries. Additionally, some\nrefugees own cell phones. They are most often used to share important information with other\nrefugees, for work purposes or to contact refugees abroad.\n\n\n_Refugee listening patterns_\n\nRefugees stated they listen to radio to pass the time, know about the world, stay updated on\nmajor occurrences in other camps and hear about resettled refugees. Most reported listening\nto a similar selection of programs aired on four major stations, Mechi Tunes, Pathivara,\nSaptarangi and Kanchenjunga. They commonly listen to religious programmes containing\nHindu hymns; radio quizzes on academic subjects; Githi Katha \u2013 a program that plays\nsongs accompanied by narratives; Bollywood and Nepali music, Nepali dramas \u2013 soap\noperas; Saranarthi Sandesh \u2013 a programme dedicated to refugees; and news programmes.\n\nThe news covered on the radio is mostly local Nepali news, but camps news is also aired\nalthough in limited quantity. There is also a brief international segment on BBC Nepal, which\notherwise mainly addresses national (Nepali) news items.\n\nThere are variations in radio listening habits based on gender and age group. Women\nprimarily said they listen to dramas and music, while men stated they listen to the news.\nAdolescents listen to Githi Katha, quizzes and music, while children often listen to stories\ntargeting their age group. Refugees of all ages and genders said that they listen to the\nreligious and refugee programming.\n\n**Methodology**\n\nI traveled to Damak, the nearest Nepali town to the Beldangi camps (Beldangi I, Beldangi II\nand Beldangi II extension). I stayed there for one month with a Nepali family and traveled by\nlocal bus to the camps to conduct fieldwork. My informant, Vidhyapati and I traveled by taxi\nto visit Khudunabari, Timai and Sanischare camps, which were located further away.\n\nOver the course of my research, I engaged in participant observation, administered 25\nsurveys and conducted 25 interviews with refugees, both individually and in groups. Surveys\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "radio listening habits", - "confidence": 0.7901773452758789, - "start": 339, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.8105269074440002, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9696816205978394, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "contained a number of questions related to refugees\u2019 radio use. They were primarily\nadministered in the beginning of my research in order to develop a foundation for the more\nopen-ended interviews.\n\nThe majority of insights discussed in this paper originated from interviews. At first, many\nrefugees did not have much to say about their radios. Being so ingrained into their lives, it\nwas not something they overtly thought about. Information acquired from surveys was used\nas a starting point from which refugees would digress, revealing their rich and valuable\nexperiences with radio. Questions included in the surveys were examined by Vidhyapati to\nensure their appropriateness. They questions were:\n\n\n1. What is your gender?\n2. What is your age?\n3. What is your educational and occupational background?\n4. What sources do you use to obtain information (radio, newspaper, the Internet,\n\ntelevision)?\n5. How do you maintain your radios (get batteries and make repairs)?\n6. Do you ever share your radio with other families?\n7. Do many people you know listen to radio?\n8. Did you listen to radio before living in Nepal? If so, more or less than you do now?\n9. If you listen to radio, what radio programmes do you and your families listen to?\n10. Do younger people and children listen to different programming? If so, what\n\nprogrammes?\n11. When do you or your family members listen to radio?\n12. Who listens to radio the most in your family?\n13. Why do you listen to radio?\n14. What are some things you dislike about radio programmes or you would like to\n\nchange?\n15. Is there any particular information or type of programming you wish could be heard\n\non the radio?\n16. Do you think things would be different without radios? How so?\n17. Do you use the Internet or cell phones (how often and for what purposes)?\n18. If you do not use these technologies often, why not? Are there any difficulties?\n19. Do you have access to radio programmes that focus on refugee issues\n20. If you do listen to them, when and why?\n21. What type of information do these radio programmes provide and what do you think\n\nof them? Are they useful to you and if so how?\n\n\nThe refugees included in the research varied in age, gender and educational and vocational\nbackground. In addition to speaking with refugees, I also interviewed a UNHCR staff\nmember and radio staff at two local stations. Interviewees were assured of their\nconfidentiality and were only interviewed once consent was given. As I did not speak Nepali,\nthe language spoken by both Nepali residents and refugees, Vidhyapati acted as translator.\nAfter collecting data from interviews, surveys and field notes, I organized and analyzed the\ninformation.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.9384937286376953, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Vidhyapati", - "confidence": 0.9822407364845276, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9948310256004333, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "radio programmes", - "confidence": 0.5686699748039246, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9911437034606934, - "start": 446, - "end": 447 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.9048015475273132, - "start": 525, - "end": 526 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Nepali residents", - "confidence": 0.6450900435447693, - "start": 511, - "end": 513 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.8423944115638733, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Nepali residents", - "confidence": 0.5532088875770569, - "start": 511, - "end": 513 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Sound company**\n\nRevisiting Vidhyapati\u2019s mother, I would like to consider her statement: \u201cI feel lonely without\nradio.\u201d As it turns out, her sentiment was not unique; it was in fact widely shared. At times,\nBhutanese refugees listened attentively \u2013 specifically to the news, the refugee programme and\nrecreational segments, such as radio quizzes and dramas. More often, however, they\npassively absorbed its sound while participating in other activities.\n\nRegardless of whether it was heeded, refugees typically left their radio on throughout the day.\nWhen asked why, many refugees responded that they felt lonely without it. A few other\nresponses were given as well. Aarati, a young woman in her late 20s owns a small storefront\nadjacent to her hut, where she sells items, including tea and candies. \u201cI always keep the radio\non. If the radio is off, I will feel much silence,\u201d she stated. Tulsi, a teacher at one of the\ncamp\u2019s schools, explained that he feels a great deal of tension if he does not listen to the radio\nduring the day.\n\nThese perspectives were commonly expressed when refugees were questioned about their\nceaseless radio use. Refugees have significant emotional ties to radio, such that when it is not\nheard and its presence not felt, a disturbance is created. But what is the reasoning for this\nconnection and what does radio contribute in its pure audio presence that is otherwise lost in\nits absence?\n\nIn her article on \u201cRadio Texture: Between Self and Others,\u201d Jo Tacchi discusses the role of\nradio in the home and in individuals\u2019 personal and social lives. She states:\n\n\nRadio is not a friend in the way that a person whom we are close to is a friend,\nand it is not the same as the physical company of another person; these terms\nare used as metaphors as expressions of emotion/attachment to express a\nparticular (and usually unexpressed) relationship with a medium that we are\nnot normally asked to talk or even think about. (Tacchi: 1998, 26)\n\nIn the case of Bhutanese refugees, radio might not have been described explicitly as a friend\nor other close person; however, it has clearly taken on a presence of its own.\n\nThough mobile in nature, radios are rarely taken far from the domestic space. Individuals\ntransport them in and outside of the home as they conduct their daily rituals, be it cooking,\ncleaning, conversing with neighbours or passing the time. Even if one\u2019s own radio is not on,\nit can often be heard from a neighbouring hut. Its presence in the camps and in the lives of\ncamp inhabitants is constantly felt. Refugees are bonded to radio partly because it is\nintegrated into their lived experiences, but also because it is an extension of domestic life,\ntaking on a familiar and intimate role. Its tones, whether melodic songs or the voices of radio\nhosts, are familiar and assuring and the absence of its sound, overtly noticed, creates an\nuncomfortable silence.\n\nRadio, of course, does not merely function as an accompaniment. Many refugees described\nthat it allows them to escape from the prolonged monotony associated with their lifestyle.\nRefugees have limited outlets and repeatedly perform a small array of tasks and activities,\ngiven their restricted resources, lack of available pursuits and general isolation in their\nphysical location. Outside of listening to radio, on a daily basis, women typically conduct\nhousework, including washing dishes, cooking and sweeping in the hut. They also tend to the\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children and converse with neighbours and close acquaintances. Men remain at the hut, assist\nwith work around the house or wander about the camps to socialize and interact with others.\nFew refugees have livelihoods, though some secure positions as teachers, shopkeepers and\nmanagement in the camps or as labourers in the surrounding community.\n\nRadio, of course, consumes time by providing refugees with an activity - they listen to\nprogrammes for entertainment alone and in groups. It also, however, constantly engages them\neven while they are focused on other day-to-day activities, making banal tasks less boring.\nWhen asked how life would be different without radio, it was commonplace for refugees to\nrespond that there would be no way to \u201cpass the time.\u201d Though such a role might not be\nperceived as significant, a 2004 World Refugee Survey report on Bhutanese refugees found\nthat the monotonous routine of camp life increased instances of depression, substance abuse,\ndomestic and sexual violence, teenage pregnancy, suicide, crime and occasionally political\nextremism (Smith: 2004, 39). Radio does not resolve the matter; however, it helps refugees\nthrough the fact that they are absorbed by it and it reduced their feelings of idleness.\n\nRadio not only diverts refugees from dwelling on the routine nature of their life, it also\ndiminishes boredom by bring a little diversity into their lives. Gautam, an unemployed male\nrefugee in his early 30s, explained, \u201cWhen doing the same thing every day, we feel there is\nno creativity or difference in life.\u201d Radio transmits a variety programmes and information\nthat he feels lends much needed variation. Refugees live vicariously through the radio. It\nenables them to access different emotions and conditions of the mind and to also consider\nvarious ideas and possibilities. Additionally, radio content, such as news, allows for\nalternative subjects of discussion, contributing to a more dynamic social exchanges.\n\nRefugees also say that radio eases tension and distracts from the hardships they face. The\nimported sound of the radio has transportive qualities. It enables their minds, unbound, to\ndrift beyond the confines of the camp and, as Jo Tacchi elaborates, connects them to\nimagined or real places and times. Radio acts as a psychological diversion and, to some\ndegree, an escape from their circumstances. It provides mental relief for refugees who endure\na variety of emotionally challenging obstacles due to their displacement and their current way\nof life in the camps.\n\nRadio is a presence so integrated, normalized and depended upon that it is continuously\nneeded by the refugees; they even leave it on when they are not listening to it, despite the\nsubstantial cost of batteries. Listening to radio provides engaging, comforting and soothing\ncompany, and assists forging a significant relationship between refugees and their radio. This\nrelationship is shaped by refugees, who have absorbed radio into their domestic sphere as\nthey harness it to combat negative side effects associated with their lifestyle. The company of\nradio is, thus, a construct, originating from the needs created by refugees\u2019 particular\ncircumstances.\n\n**Radio rituals**\n\nThe noise produced by radio fills the home but also extends beyond it, permeating the\nairspace of the tightly clustered huts spread throughout the camps. The sound emanates from\nthese individual points. Though its reach may be limited, there are countless radios and,\ntherefore, innumerable points of origin, blanketing the camp in a soundscape that is not\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disparate, but continuous. Radio becomes a shared backdrop, adding dimension to the lives of\nrefugees and intertwined with their daily existence.\n\nWhen you zoom into the source of the sound, the seemingly independent, free flowing noise\nsuddenly becomes anchored in space. The context of the sound is revealing. In the morning,\nmany families listen to Hindu prayers broadcast over the radio as they wake up, shower and\nprepare for the day. In the afternoon, refugees tune into music as they conduct chores around\nthe hut and also listen to programmes for entertainment, both individually and socially.\nYoung Children and adolescents listen to segments dedicated to their age group after\nreturning home from the camp\u2019s schools and while doing their homework. In the evenings,\nfamilies commonly listen to the news aired on the radio prior to retiring for the night. These\nhabits are consistent amongst Bhutanese refugees.\n\nIn \u201cMedia Technology and Daily Life,\u201d Herman Bausinger explains that technology\n\u201cpenetrates the everyday\u2026is consumed and absorbed by the everyday\u201d and is \u201can integral\npart of the way the everyday is conducted\u201d (Bausinger: 1984,343). These statements hold true\nfor radio\u2019s use in the camps.\n\nFor refugees, radio is incorporated into the very structure of their daily lives. Though their\napplication of technology is not novel\u2013 various technologies are embedded in most peoples\u2019\ndaily lives and factor into their ritual habits, radio\u2019s particular role and the extent to which it\nis relied upon illustrate refugees\u2019 unique set of needs. Specifically, radio can be seen to set a\nrhythm for everyday life; its use is closely tied to certain times and events during the day and\ncreates a general pattern for living. This is significant for the fact that there is little to lend\norder to refugees\u2019 lives, given the lack of activity and copious amount of time available to\nthem. Radio supplements the need for structure by cementing a daily routine. The schedule of\nits programmes serves to schedule refugees\u2019 daily life, furnishing them with a sense of\ncontinuity and stability.\n\nFor the majority of refugees, the camp is a liminal space. Many refugees intend to resettle in\nother parts of the world. Despite Bhutan\u2019s rejection of repatriation, a strong number of\nrefugees wish to stay in Nepal until pressure is exerted on Bhutan to accept them back. Thus,\ndespite the fact that refugees have occupied the camps for over two decades, the space is still\nconceived of as temporary. However, refugees\u2019 attempt to construct a framework for daily\nlife not only demonstrates their need for regularity, but also their efforts to establish\nthemselves in the camp. Furthermore, even though most refugees do not consider the camp or\nthe huts they reside in to be their home, radio rituals can be seen to contribute to a sense of\nhome. We must first conceptualize what home is to understand the latter concept.\n\nAccording to anthropologist Mary Douglas, \u201cHome is not only a space but involves regular\npatterns of activity and structures in time\u201d (Douglas1991:289). If we conceive of home in this\nway, the familiar routine radio provides can be perceived to unconsciously create a\nsemblance of home. Furthermore, radio\u2019s contribution to a common domestic pattern\nthroughout the camps effectively synchronizes refugees\u2019 daily routines.\n\nPerhaps radio can be understood to function as a cohesive force in the camps. Regarding this\nnotion, David Morley, states, \u201cThe order of the day is the infrastructure of the community\u201d\n(Morley 2000:16). His statement suggests that individuals\u2019 daily itineraries make up the\nsocial framework of a community and are the basis for which its members interface.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Considering Morley\u2019s statement, radio can be seen not only as integral to the infrastructure of\nthe home, but to the community as well.\n\n**Tuning time**\n\nRadios situate refugees not only in space, but also in time. As previously stated, programmes\nprovide an itinerary for the day, organizing their time over the space of the day. Radio also\nfactors into how they perceive or detect time; it is part of the timing of the day \u2013 the\nprogramming schedule indicates morning, afternoon or evening. Additionally, it enables\nrefugees to manipulate how they experience time. Radio demarcates time, with each\nprogramme equaling a single unit. Subba, a male refugee in his late 30s, explained, \u201cIf you\nhave two hours on your hands, that is equal to about four programmes. So, listening to radio\nmakes time pass faster.\u201d Subba describes an interesting phenomenon; radio changes the pace\nof time, or tempo, seemingly increasing it. It accomplishes this by breaking down time into\nchunks that are more easily digestible.\n\nFurthermore, radio\u2019s ability to engage refugees also contributes to the sense that time is\ntranspiring faster. The latter concept is easily understood. People commonly cite that \u201ctime\nflies\u201d when they are having fun or inches by when bored. The capacity of radio to speed up\ntime is important to refugees who desire to escape their present conditions and bypass the\nmonotony intrinsic to their lifestyle.\n\nElaborating upon media technology\u2019s relationship with time, anthropologist, Francisco\nOsorio states, \u201cCultures use television precisely as they use time. This is possible because\ntime is the common structure between mass media and culture\u201d (Rothenbuhler and Coman\n2005:38). The same is true of radio. It is a medium of time, but, furthermore, I would like to\nargue that it is the means by which the refugee community experiences and interacts with\ntime and lends agency to these interactions. Where it has been emphasized that refugees are\nsubjected to lengthy periods of empty time, radio lends a minutiae of control guiding refugees\nas they organize, interpret and manipulate it. Radio, however, is not limited to mediating how\nrefugees relate to time, but also their surroundings and the world at large.\n\n**Compact connections**\n\nWhen asked how life would be different without radio, refugees stated that there would be no\nway to pass the time. Many also responded that they would not be able to learn about major\noccurrences in the camps, the world nor about the lives of resettled refugees. Radio informs\nrefugees on these various subjects and simultaneously functions as a bridge, connecting them\nto other refugees both within and beyond their borders and the globe. In the following\nsections, radios\u2019 underlying connective capabilities will be explained.\n\nDuring my visit to the Bhutanese refugee camps, an unfortunate event transpired. A young\nman, Ram Kumar Gurung, was gunned down right outside of his hut. He was transported to a\nlocal hospital, but tragically did not survive his injuries. Shortly afterwards, all seven camps\nwere abuzz with rumors. Deeply affected and concerned for their safety, refugees frantically\nsought answers to understand why and how the incident occurred. To gather information and\nstay abreast of the situation they continuously remained tuned into their radios.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "From my discussions with refugees and conversations with my informant, Vidhyapati, I\nlearned that in the midst of critical and concerning times refugees are incessantly glued to\ntheir radios. In addition to informing refugees, it gives them a sense of security where they\notherwise might fear the possibility of being completely unaware. It, therefore, mitigates\nanxiety due to potential uncertainty. Furthermore, the compact medium of the radio has the\nability to link refugees both within and between the separated camps. By keeping refugees\ninformed of significant events in the community, radio makes it possible for them to remain\nconnected to each other. These connections may be weak; they are indirect and do not allow\nfor two-way interaction. However, they are crucial to refugees during critical situations,\nenabling them to relay and receive information all through the network of the radio.\n\n_Refugees beyond borders_\n\nThough the story of the shooting pertains to the camps, refugees are also concerned with\nmatters beyond their borders. Many stated that they were primarily interested in international\nnews, followed by news regarding the surrounding community of Nepal. Provided that\nrefugees have lived in Nepal for over 20 years and Nepali news dominates the radio, their\npreference for international news might seem unusual. However, it makes sense for a number\nof reasons: they are an isolated and sometimes ostracized community in their host country,\nare unable to integrate or acquire citizenship, do not view Nepal as their home and intend to\nresettle in other countries scattered around the globe.\n\nWhen asked why they listened to radio, refugees would consistently assert that they wanted\n\u201cto know more about the world.\u201d Initially, I was not sure whether refugees were able to\nabsorb international news. It consists of a very brief segment of the evening news and does\nnot last more than a few minutes. However, I later realized the specifics of the content were\nless relevant.\n\nFor many refugees, radio is one of the only outlets to the larger world. Listening to radio\nprovides a way for them to transcend their barriers and access the global, which they are\nincreasingly becoming a part of as their friends, neighbours and family move to other\ncountries and as they prepare to do so themselves. Even if the information it airs is not\nretainable, in the act of hearing about other countries refugees can gain a sense of the world\nas a whole and even begin to imagine a global society. Significantly, as refugees prominently\nrely on radio for information, it would seem that their perception of the world is largely\nshaped by the framing of the radio.\n\n_Bridge to the diaspora_\n\nWhile designing my research project, I discovered that one of the community radio stations\naired a programme targeting Bhutanese refugees. The programme, intended to represent their\ncommunity and culture, contained multiple segments comprised of interviews with refugees\non topics such as life in Bhutan, the culture of Bhutanese refugees, issues in the camps and\nsuccesses achieved by the refugee community. I was fascinated with the idea of a community\ndriven refugee radio programme and was interested in determining the role this programme\nplayed in the lives of refugees.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Interviewing refugees, I learned that most listened to the programme primarily for the same\nreason, namely its segment on resettlement. The programme often featured interviews with\nrefugees that had settled in countries around the globe. Radio, it turned out, did not merely\nconnect refugees in the seven camps, it also connected them to the diaspora.\n\nIn the wake of the resettlement process, thousands of refugees have vacated the camps and\nthose who remain behind now belonged to a deeply fractured community. Despite being\nthousands of miles apart, the radio linked them together. It imports the diaspora\u2019s audio\npresence into refugees\u2019 homes and community, allowing them to hear the voices of those who\nhave left. When refugees first started to resettle in 2007, radio was the only means by which\nrefugees could hear from the diaspora. Now, it is being supplemented and even surpassed by\ncell phones and the Internet.\n\nUnlike radio, these technologies allow refugees to directly interact with their friends and\nfamily abroad. However, access to cell phones and the Internet is limited due to their\nassociated costs and to some degree the level of technological proficiency required. Thus,\nradio is still relied upon by many to connect to the diaspora.\n\nThe interview segment also allows for refugees to envision a future life. Refugees, the\nmajority of whom will migrate to other countries, are curious about the lives of resettled\nrefugees and the countries they inhabit. This segment provides a glimpse into their own\nfuture and enables them to conceive of a new home, as well as the possibilities that await\nthem. On this subject, anthropologist, Arjun Appadurai, states:\n\n\nMore persons in more parts of the world consider a wider set of \u201cpossible\u201d\nlives than they ever did before.\u201d One important source of this change is the\nmass media, which present a rich, ever changing store of possible lives, some\nof which enter the lived imaginations of ordinary people more successfully\nthan others. Important also are contact with, news of, and rumors about others\nin one\u2019s social neighborhood who have become inhabitants of these faraway\nworlds. (Rothenbuhler and Coman 2005:18)\n\nStuck in their present conditions, the radio connects refugees to an imagined future and gives\nthem hope for a better life.\n\nIn some ways, the radio itself has become the physical embodiment of the connections\ncreated. Without it, there is a sense that refugees are cut off from society and disconnected\nfrom the world. They, thus, remain tuned in to retain a link to each other and the world\nbeyond camp borders.\n\n**Refugee radio: unanswered questions**\n\nThe refugee programme, known as Saranarthi Sundesh or \u201cthe message of refugees,\u201d exists to\nconnect refugees to the diaspora and an imagined future; however, I had entered the field\nbelieving the programme would be a source of empowerment for refugees. Community radio\nprogrammes, such as Saranarthi Sundesh, are after all intended to amplify the voices of\nmarginalized collectives and promote their issues in the communities they reside in. In the\nend, I could not determine whether the programme empowered refugees. However, a series\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of questions materialized that I believe require further exploration in order to determine the\nprogramme\u2019s definitive impact.\n\n_Does the programme represent Bhutanese refugees?_\n\nIt is difficult to say whether Saranarthi Sundesh truly represents refugees. Though the\nprogramme features their voices, it is produced by a local Nepali, Gopal, and funded by the\nOpen Society Foundation headquartered in the United States. Refugees participate in the\nprogramme and are interviewed for its various segments, but they do not contribute to its\nproduction nor shape its content. I was not able to gather how refugees felt about this fact or\nif they were even aware. Most refugees said that they listened to the programme because it\nrepresented \u201cthe voice of refugees.\u201d They also stated that there was nothing they would\nsuggest to change or amend it. Still, I feel more exploration of this issue is required to\ncomprehensively grasp refugees\u2019 attitudes towards the programme.\n\n_Is there a sense of community ownership of the programme?_\n\nRadio primarily features Nepali news and Nepali individuals. Saranarthi Sundesh is the sole\nspace they have on the radio, but is it a space they feel they own, that belongs to them, or is it\nsimply a space they occupy much like the land they live on?\n\n_What are the programmes\u2019 impacts on refugees?_\n\nSaranarthi Sandesh connects refugees to the diaspora and also opens their minds to an\nimagined future, but what are its other impacts? Does the programme strengthen the refugee\ncommunity? More specifically, does it increase the number of connections within their\ncommunity and does it enhance bonding? Additionally, the producer, Gopal, mentioned that\nhe often interviews elderly Bhutanese refugees about their lives in Bhutan, as well as about\ntheir traditions and culture. Does the programme assist in keeping the Bhutanese culture\nalive? Does it effectively function to pass down cultural knowledge from older generations to\nthe younger generations born in the camps? Gopal also stated that the programme shares the\nsuccesses of refugees in the community. Does this information advance refugees? Does it\ninspire them or feed them ideas?\n\n_Does refugees\u2019 presence on radio impact their presence in Nepal?_\n\nCitizenship is required to be a member of the community, however, it is not required to take\npart in radio. Does the programme restore power lost due to refugees\u2019 lack of citizenship?\nBroadcasted through the radio, refugees become integrated into and occupy the community\nspace of the radio. How does this translate to their physical community? Does it increase\nlocals\u2019 tolerance of refugees? Are they becoming more accepted into Nepali society? Does\nbeing heard through the radio normalize or legitimize their presence in the host community?\nTo answer these questions, the attitudes of Nepali citizens toward refugees and the refugee\nprogramme must be examined.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Answering the above questions will reveal the beneficial aspects of Saranarthi Sandesh as\nwell as its limitations. Ultimately, balancing these various factors will determine whether the\nprogramme does in fact empower refugees.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nOur perceptions of mass media often reduce the medium to a device of communication. The\nextent of its function is dependent on its capacity to distribute information and its impact is\nrooted in the nature and assimilation of its content. Anthropologists, however, have expanded\nour understanding of media, examining the ways in which it penetrates our quotidian lives,\ncontributes to our sociality, embodies and shapes cultures and factors into our very identities\nand perceptions. In this paper, I have characterized radios\u2019 use in Bhutanese refugee camps in\naccordance with this broadened frame of analysis.\n\nThe presence of radio provides company and a framework for daily life, structuring the\ndomestic space and community. Additionally, it is an integral part of how refugees perceive\nand interact with their environment. It impacts their relationship with time and contributes to\na sense of home. It is also an extension of their senses. It functions as their eyes and ears\nwhere they are not present. It bridges refugees within the camps and to the diaspora, while\nalso providing a window to the surrounding community and world.\n\nRadio also contributes to the formation of refugees\u2019 imagined futures. It imports visions of\nthe world, providing them with the hope of a life outside of the camps. In a way, radio can\nalso be thought of as facilitating refugees\u2019 future. Exposing them to the outside world, which\nthey will soon be a part of, might enable them to better integrate into other communities once\nthey resettle.\n\nIn determining the capacities of radio, it is also important to understand its limitations.\nTherefore, more research is required to examine whether radio is an empowering force for\nrefugees. Though a technological device, radio has become a presence in refugees\u2019 lives one that mediates how they experience and navigate their reality.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d91a0e87-61f2-399e-9b46-2bcf161567f9/Waves%20of%20life-the%20role%20of%20radio%20in%20Bhutanese%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Nepal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_754/raw/doc_754_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_754/raw/doc_754_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4be2a0138a8b09799493e23f6e527a18fd8606b0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_754/raw/doc_754_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,984 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **\u201cSocial Media and Forced Displacement:** **Big Data Analytics & Machine-Learning\u201d**\n\nWhite Paper\nSeptember 2017\n\n\nUN GLOBAL PULSE | UNHCR INNOVATION SERVICE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4\nSUMMARY\nBACKGROUND 5\nPROJECT OVERVIEW\nA COMPENDIUM OF MINI-STUDIES USING SOCIAL MEDIA DATA 6\nQueries and Taxonomies\nClassification\nIteration 1 7\nTable 1: Initial Monitors Overview\nHypotheses\nSetup 8\nInsights\nIteration 2 9\nTable 2: Situational Awareness Monitors Overview\nSetup\nCategories 10\nInsights 10\nLIMITATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED\nTHE WAY FORWARD 11\nANNEXES 13\nAnnex I: Data Query Taxonomies per Hypothesis\nAnnex II: Tweets found and catalogued by AI 16\nAnnex III: Data Visualizations (Quantitative inputs) 19\nAnnex III: Data Visualizations (Qualitative inputs) 21\nAnnex IV: Interactive map 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SOCIAL MEDIA DATA", - "confidence": 0.9484929442405701, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ACKNOWLEDGMENTS**\n\n\nThis paper was developed by colleagues from\nUNHCR Innovation Service and UN Global Pulse, an\ninnovation initiative of the United Nations. UN Global\nPulse would also like to thank the Government of the\nNetherlands for supporting its network of Pulse Labs\nand the activities under this project.\n\n\n\n**SUMMARY**\n\n\nThis white paper summarizes the initial findings\nand lessons learned from a project conducted by\nUNHCR\u2019s Innovation Service and UN Global Pulse [1] to\ninform on the viability and value of social media analytics to complement understandings of the Europe\nRefugee Emergency.\n\n\nOngoing conflicts and violence around the world [2]\nled over 1.4 million people to seek refuge in Europe\nbetween 2015 and the first part of 2017.\n\n\nData from social media offers a wealth of information\nthat can be parsed to better understand what people\nthink, and how people feel about things affecting their\nlives, such as the displacement and movement of\nlarge volumes of people. Researchers in turn, can use\nthis data to inform topics of interest; decision makers\ncan use such data as evidence on which to inform for\nexample, programmatic responses and alterations.\n\n\nThe paper outlines the process, questions and methodology used to develop the project and presents preliminary observations on how aspects of the Europe\nRefugee Emergency are related on Twitter. The paper\ndescribes ten _quantitative social media mini-studies_\nthat were developed as part of the project.\n\n\nThe project team initially set out to explore the\nvalue of social media both for monitoring Persons of\nConcern\u2019s (PoC), sentiment towards the provision of\nservices, and their interactions with service providers [3] . However, based on inconclusive initial results\nand anticipating an increase in negative public views\ntowards PoC following the 2015-2016 terrorist attacks\nin Europe, the project refocused on the analysis of\nhost communities\u2019 sentiment towards PoC in reaction\nto incidents taking place in different European countries. Findings revealed that within local active Twitter\ncommunities, a small number of people connected\nPoC and the different terrorist attacks.\nBeing able to assess peoples\u2019 views in real-time provides a unique opportunity for UNHCR to counter\nnon-conducive behaviour online. It also allows the\nAgency to better understand generalized perceptions\nvis-a-vis longer-term solutions for PoC.\n\n\nThe processes detailed herein are intended to serve\nas examples and to inspire other agencies looking to\nuse social media and data analytics to inform on decision-making processes, operational responses and\npolicy development in emergency-related contexts.\n\n\n1 UN Global Pulse is flagship innovation initiative of the United\nNations Secretary-General on big data. Global Pulse functions as a network\nof innovation labs where research on Big Data for Development is conceived\nand coordinated. UNHCR Innovation is a service unit to UNHCR dedicated\nto facilitating innovation and experimentation through future-oriented\napproaches and organizational change processes to make UNHCR more\nefficient and impactful for PoC.\n2 UNHCR, (2017). [Emergencies: Europe Situation.](http://www.unhcr.org/europe-emergency.html)\n3 Including smugglers, NGOs, UN agencies, volunteers,\nGovernments\n\n\n\n_**Keywords**_ _: social media monitoring, big data,_\n_big_ _data_ _analytics,_ _machine-learning,_ _artifi-_\n_cial intelligence, data parsing, forced displace-_\n_ment, refugees, asylum, migrants, Europe, sen-_\n_timent_ _analysis,_ _xenophobia,_ _data_ _science._\n\n\n**BACKGROUND**\n\n\nThe Europe Refugee Emergency was a constantly,\nand rapidly-changing context. Ongoing conflicts and\nviolence around the world [4] led over 1.4 million people\nto seek refuge in Europe between 2015 and the first\npart of 2017. This included increasing numbers of\nfamilies, women, and unaccompanied and separated\nchildren\u2014some seeking to reunite with other family\nmembers already in Europe. This new movement\nwas challenging for many organizations, including\nUNHCR; people moved quickly, often across several\ninternational boundaries in very short periods of\ntime; sometimes encountering changing protection\nrisks, particularly when legal practices evolved, when\nborders closed, or when alternative routes begin to\ndevelop.\n\n\nAccording to a report released by Social Media for\nGood [5], social media monitoring can provide significant value to decision makers in such dynamic contexts, where humanitarian access is poor, the information landscape fragmented, and social media widely\nused. For example, UNHCR\u2019s report \u201cFrom a Refugee\nPerspective\u201d portrays the discourse of refugees and\nmigrants and the use of social media. [6] Social media\nplatforms are powerful communications tools for humanitarian organizations, both at a strategic corporate level and an operations level to directly interact\nwith affected communities. They also contain a wealth\nof information that can be parsed to measure and\nmonitor conversations and emerging narratives.\n\n\nFurther, sentiment analysis of social media content\ncan be used to capture public perceptions of an organization and its activities in a particular context to not\nonly help develop new strategies, but also to ensure\nthat existing programmes and projects are re-aligned\nand course-corrected in real-time. Several pilot and\nresearch projects have shown the feasibility of using\nsocial media data to crowdsource topics of relevance\nto sustainable development and humanitarian action.\nHowever, there has been little effort in extending the\nquantification of online sentiment to inform on interactions between PoC and services providers. Similarly,\norganizations would benefit from understanding how\nhost communities view PoC on social media to inform\ntheir decision-making processes.\n\n\n4 UNHCR, (2017). [Emergencies: Europe Situation.](http://www.unhcr.org/europe-emergency.html)\n5 [Luege, T. (2015). Social Media Monitoring in Humanitarian Crises:](http://sm4good.com/2015/10/12/lessons-learned-social-media-monitoring-humanitarian-crises/)\n[Lessons Learned from the Nepal Earthquake. Social media for Good.](http://sm4good.com/2015/10/12/lessons-learned-social-media-monitoring-humanitarian-crises/)\n6 UNHCR (2016). [From a Refugee Perspective: Discourse of Arabic](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/58018)\n[Speaking and Afghan refugees and migrants on social media](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/58018)\n\n\n\nUNHCR currently uses social media for two main purposes [7] : 1) to publicly portray the Agency\u2019s work, and\ndigitally engage with public audiences; and 2) to communicate with affected communities (CwC) [8] . UNHCR\nhas a strong influence among different audiences on\nplatforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram,\nand it has clear guidelines on the use of these platforms for communication purposes. While the use\nof social media for CwC-supported activities is relatively new to the Agency, there are many promising\nefforts underway, both at Headquarters, and in field\noperations.\n\n\n**PROJECT OVERVIEW**\n\n\nThe work described in this paper was initiated by\nthe UNHCR Winter Operations Cell [9] and UNHCR\u2019s\nInnovation Service in November 2015. UNHCR recognized that big data analytics could provide additional insights into understanding the protection\nenvironment within the Europe Refugee Emergency.\nHowever, it did not have vast in-house knowledge,\nskills, or the necessary tools to conduct large-scale\nanalyses. Therefore, it was limited in its ability to feed\npotentially valuable information contained in big data\ninto operational responses.\n\n\nTo validate the value of social media data in emergency situations, UNHCR\u2019s Innovation Service partnered\nwith UN Global Pulse in January 2016. UN Global\nPulse provided technical guidance, coaching and\ntools for the project. The joint-collaboration explored\nhow alternative sources of data can and should play a\nrole in pursuing humanitarian outcomes.\n\n\nThe project team identified two **opportunities** in\nwhich social media could be harnessed to better understand the Europe Refugee Emergency:\n\n\n**O1: Monitor interactions** between PoC, and between\nservice providers and PoC, in an aggregated form,\nand;\n**O2: Understand the sentiment** of PoC, host communities, and communities through which PoC have transited, in aggregated form.\n\n\nThe project envisioned a near-real-time monitoring\nsystem that could inform operational responses in\nsupport of the Europe Emergency Regional protection strategy. This system would have a two-tier architecture, with a machine learning component in the\n\n\n7 Note that these two uses of social media are distinct from those\ndescribed within this white paper.\n8 UNHCR Innovation (2016) Emergency Lab definition:\nCommunication with Persons of Concern ensures they have access to the\ninformation they need through the most appropriate and trusted channels,\nenabling them to make informed decisions to protect themselves and each\nother. For UNHCR, communication implies continuous listening to and\ndialogue with and between Persons of Concern. This contributes to their\nsense of connectedness and dignity while facilitating channels for their voices\nto be heard and acted-on.\n9 [For more details on UNHCR Winter Cell, please see www.unhcr.](http://www.unhcr.org/news/.../big-chill-threatens-refugees-unhcrs-winter-cell-responds.html)\n[org/news/.../big-chill-threatens-refugees-unhcrs-winter-cell-responds.html](http://www.unhcr.org/news/.../big-chill-threatens-refugees-unhcrs-winter-cell-responds.html)\n\n\n\n4 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media analytics", - "confidence": 0.7971646189689636, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8961955308914185, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7452752590179443, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media data", - "confidence": 0.9846025705337524, - "start": 914, - "end": 917 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6298561096191406, - "start": 997, - "end": 998 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media data", - "confidence": 0.6301347017288208, - "start": 1271, - "end": 1274 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.5624094009399414, - "start": 1220, - "end": 1221 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.6130334734916687, - "start": 1407, - "end": 1409 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.6476942300796509, - "start": 1418, - "end": 1419 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "backend that would process and classify social media\nposts according to predefined categories (e.g., posts\nrelated to abuse, or of xenophobic nature), and an\ninformation visualization interface that would enable\nUNHCR staff to routinely monitor, and analyze relevant social media feeds in six different languages:\nArabic, Farsi, English, Greek, German and French.\n\n\nTo inform the feasibility of this system, and to ensure\nthe opportunities identified were substantial, the\nproject team iteratively conducted a series of ten\n_quantitative mini-studies_ using Twitter posts.\n\n\n**A COMPENDIUM OF MINI-STUDIES USING SOCIAL**\n**MEDIA DATA**\n\n\nThe ten studies were divided into two main iterations.\nFor each of the iterations, a methodology largely inspired by the Harvard Data Science curriculum [10] was\nused. The following sections detail the data and tools\nthat were employed, discuss the main hypotheses,\nand share the general iterative procedure\n\n\n**Data and Tools**\n\n\n_Twitter posts_, or _tweets_, are mostly public expressions\nof ideas and opinions [11] \u2014as opposed to Facebook\nposts, which are mostly private. As of 2014, only 5.1%\nof Twitter accounts are protected [12] . Therefore, given\nthat the majority of Facebook posts are private, and\npotentially a PoC could be the one expressing an\nopinion, the project chose tweets as the main source\nof data, complying with UNHCR\u2019s data protection\npolicy [13] .\n\n\nUN Global Pulse has a long-term research partnership\nwith Crimson Hexagon that allowed the project team\nto use the company\u2019s ForSight tool to access and\nanalyze social media posts. Crimson Hexagon provides an online social media monitoring platform that\nenables users to create _monitors_, which have built-in\nmachine learning capabilities to semi-automatically\nclassify and extract sentiment from posts. These capabilities are based on algorithms that are iteratively\nimproved using a _training dataset_, i.e., a curated collection of posts that helps _train_ the monitor to correctly interpret any new incoming post [14] .\n\n\nThe three main steps in setting up and training a\nmonitor are: 1) _defining a taxonomy_ to identify the\nkeywords, hashtags, and phrases that will help retrieve the most relevant posts from the social media\nplatform of interest (e.g., Twitter), 2) _formulating a_\n_query_ using those terms to retrieve the posts; and 3)\n\n\n10 [Blitzstein, J. & Pfister, H. (2015). The Data Science Process.](http://cs109.github.io/2015/)\nHarvard Data Science\n11 [Page, C. (2014). Twitter has almost 430 million inactive users. The](http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2339684/twitter-has-almost-430-million-inactive-users)\ninquirer.\n12 Idem\n13 [UNHCR (2015). Policy on the Protection of Personal Data of](http://www.refworld.org/docid/55643c1d4.html)\n[Persons of Concern to UNHCR. RefWorld.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/55643c1d4.html)\n14 [SAS (2016). Machine Learning. SAS Institute.](http://www.sas.com/en_id/insights/analytics/machine-learning.html)\n\n\n\n_manually_ _classifying_ an initial subset of the retrieved\nposts to establish the training dataset. Once a monitor\nis trained, it provides different views of automatically\nclassified posts, as well as of the sentiments extracted\nfrom them, which enable users to conduct a variety of\nquantitative analyses. While the project described in\nthis paper was implemented with the ForSight tool,\nthe methodology is generic and can be executed with\nother technological solutions.\n\n\n**Queries and Taxonomies**\n\n\nFormulating appropriate queries is not always\nstraightforward, and a significant amount of effort can\nbe put into training a monitor before an inadequate\nquery is detected. This is an iterative process that involves a certain degree of trial and error. For example,\nselecting the appropriate vocabulary can be difficult.\nTweets abound with colloquial language and \u201cinternet-speak\u201d\u2014Arabic slang typically varies across countries and regions, and can be written in either Arabic\n_abjad_ (which is _dextrosinistral_ ), or using the Roman alphabet (e.g., ArabEasy, which is _sinistrodextral_ ). The\n140-character restriction on Twitter also encourages\nword abbreviation. As a rule of thumb, a lack of relevant posts can be indicative of a poor query, or a very\nrestrictive combination of keywords based on the use\nof logical operators (AND/OR/NOT).\n\n\nIn addition, certain assumptions must be made regarding _tweeters\u2019_ specific knowledge of the topic of\ninterest. For example, a premise of this project is that,\nin general, people who tweet have little to no knowledge of the legal and protection differences between\n_migrants_ and _refugees_ . Both terms were used as\nsynonyms in the queries, even though they have different implications for UNHCR. Contrary to migrants,\nrefugees are specifically defined and protected by\ninternational law, particularly regarding refoulement [15] .\n\n\nFinally, queries can be restrained in space and time.\nThese two dimensions can be helpful for further\nbringing out the voice and opinions of for example,\nPoC vs. host communities. Geo-referencing of social\nmedia posts [16] can be done based on a combination\nof the location declared by the user in his/her profile,\nand the latest location(s) from where s/he posted.\n\n\n**Classification**\n\n\nThe classification process first requires determining a\nset of relevant categories, in which the queried posts\nwill be filed. In initial explorations, the project team\nfound that simple dichotomous categories are most\neffective, like _racist\u2013non-racist_, or _positive\u2013negative_ .\n\n\n15 Expel or return a refugee to the territories where her/his life or\nfreedom would be threatened on the account of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group or political opinion. UNHCR (1977).\n[Note on non-refoulement.](http://www.unhcr.org/afr/excom/scip/3ae68ccd10/note-non-refoulement-submitted-high-commissioner.html)\n16 [Crimson Hexagon FAQ: How does Crimson base its geographical](https://www.crimsonhexagon.com/platform/frequently-asked-questions/)\n[data.](https://www.crimsonhexagon.com/platform/frequently-asked-questions/)\n\n\n\nCategories for _irrelevant_ and _neutral_ posts are also\nuseful, since all posts may not fit into the dichotomous\npair, either because the content is inapplicable, or\nbecause it is incongruous [17] . All the categories determined in the mini-studies are presented in Annex I,\nalong with their respective queries.\n\n\nAn initial subset of posts must then be filed manually to create the training dataset (or _training tweets_ ),\nwhich the monitor\u2019s underlying algorithms will use\nto automatically classify new incoming posts. This\ninvolves personal judgment as to whether content\nis relevant or not, and can turn out to be a lengthy\nprocedure. Typically, the more categories there are,\nthe more posts there are that need to be read, and\nmanually sorted.\n\n\n**Iteration 1**\n\n\nThe project team conducted six mini-studies in this iteration. For each study, a unique monitor on Crimson\nHexagon was created (see Table 1).\n\n\n**Table 1: Initial Monitors Overview**\n\n\n\nThe **hypothesis** for **O1** :\n**O1H:** Monitoring interactions will reveal behavioral patterns and intent of PoC with regard to service\nprovision and access to territory and asylum. This\ncan inform UNHCR programme design and planning strategies for Strategy Objective 1 of the Europe\nEmergency Regional Protection Strategy: _Access to_\n_territory and asylum is safe._\n\n\nThe assumption for **O2** was that understanding the\nsentiment that host communities express on social\nmedia could help identify pockets of, for example, xenophobic attitudes towards PoC; and that this could\nhelp UNHCR to improve the conditions in which\ndurable solutions may occur, by better targeting\ncorporate communications, and advocacy-related\nactions around legislation in specific countries.\n\n\n\n\n|Monitor|Unit of Analysis:
Geography|Unit of Analysis:
Timeframe|Language|Number of Posts*|Identified
Opportunity|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1. Interactions**
**Arabic**|Greece|February 1, 2015\u2013 April
18th, 2017|Arabic|6,341|**O1**|\n|**2. Interactions**
**Farsi**|Greece|February 1, 2016\u2013 April
18th, 2017|Farsi|1,483|**O1**|\n|**3. Xenophobia**
**Greek**|Greece|June 1, 2015\u2013 April 18th,
2017|Greek / Greeklish
(latin chars.)|248,691|**O2**|\n|**4. Xenophobia**
**English**|Greece|June 1, 2015\u2013 April 18th,
2017|English|26,466|**O2**|\n|**5. Xenophobia**
**Arabic**|Greece|February 1, 2015\u2013 April
18th, 2017|Arabic|196|**O2**|\n|**6. Xenophobia**
**Farsi**|Greece|February 1, 2016\u2013 April
18th, 2017|Farsi|160|**O2**|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Crimson Hexagon ForSight tool\n\n\n**Hypotheses**\n\n\nThe assumption for **O1** was that analyzing social media\nposts could provide insights into, for example, altered\nroutes, or the conversations PoC are having with services providers, including smugglers; and that this\ncould provide better situational awareness for decision making, and thereby better inform the orientation\nof resource allocations, and advocacy efforts.\n\n\n17 See Annex II for a detailed classification of racist, non-racist,\nneutral, and irrelevant tweets.\n\n\n\n\n- Number of post analyzed by the machine to the date: April 18th, 2017.\n\n\nThe **hypothesis** for **O2** :\n\n**O2H:** Understanding PoC and host communities\u2019\nmutual sentiments will reveal how both groups view\nand react to asylum conditions and protection. This\ncan inform programme design and planning strategies for Strategy Objective 3 of the Europe Emergency\nRegional Protection Strategy: _Access to protection_\n_systems and durable solutions are reinforced_ . This\nwill also provide a baseline for responses, their adjustment, and their possible improvement.\n\n\n\n6 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media\nposts", - "confidence": 0.7633371353149414, - "start": 6, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "training dataset", - "confidence": 0.5490479469299316, - "start": 552, - "end": 554 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6193578243255615, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tweets", - "confidence": 0.6898165941238403, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social\nmedia posts", - "confidence": 0.7877405285835266, - "start": 911, - "end": 914 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mini-studies", - "confidence": 0.7508141994476318, - "start": 1119, - "end": 1120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mini-studies", - "confidence": 0.5134781002998352, - "start": 1226, - "end": 1227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Crimson\nHexagon", - "confidence": 0.7450557351112366, - "start": 1239, - "end": 1241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitor", - "confidence": 0.81398606300354, - "start": 1397, - "end": 1398 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8214069604873657, - "start": 1369, - "end": 1370 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.81413733959198, - "start": 1485, - "end": 1486 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Farsi", - "confidence": 0.8494310975074768, - "start": 1512, - "end": 1513 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.9894112944602966, - "start": 1516, - "end": 1517 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8636853694915771, - "start": 1529, - "end": 1530 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Greek / Greeklish", - "confidence": 0.5630295872688293, - "start": 1575, - "end": 1578 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.9574704170227051, - "start": 1516, - "end": 1517 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6081600189208984, - "start": 1529, - "end": 1530 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media\nposts", - "confidence": 0.9306195378303528, - "start": 1748, - "end": 1751 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9366592764854431, - "start": 1671, - "end": 1672 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "tweets", - "confidence": 0.8215845227241516, - "start": 1818, - "end": 1819 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5550974607467651, - "start": 1835, - "end": 1836 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5847662687301636, - "start": 1835, - "end": 1836 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Setup**\n\n\nThe flexibility of language use on social media requires native speakers to query and classify the training tweets. Native speakers alone can understand the\nsemantic nuances, colloquial, and even unusual uses\nof local language, as well as typical abbreviations\ndiscussed above. The project team relied on a group\nof English, Farsi, Arabic, and Greek native speakers,\nall of whom have basic knowledge in computer programming. This paper will refer to the team of native\nspeakers as the _monitor trainers._ The monitor trainers\nwere coordinated by UNHCR\u2019s Innovation Service\u2019s\nData Scientist, and overseen by UN Global Pulse\u2019s\ntechnical team.\n\n\nThe project team concentrated on Greece for the first\niteration, as the country has played many different\nroles throughout the Europe Refugee Emergency\u2014it\nis now a host country for a static population of refugees and migrants. Based on UNHCR data from the\nEurope Regional emergency\u2014which includes demographic population data\u2014it was assumed that PoC\nwould largely be Arabic or Farsi speakers, and that\nposts from Greece in these languages would likely be\nthose of PoC.\n\n\nTo address **O1H**, the trainers set up two specific monitors to track interactions between PoC, service providers, and the general public regarding access to\nterritory, asylum conditions, shelter conditions, transportation, and movement in Greece. The first monitor\nwas set up for Arabic, and was called **Interactions**\n**Arabic** . The second monitor was set up for Farsi, and\nwas called **Interactions Farsi** . A full description of the\ncategories and queries used is provided in Annex I.\nTweets were monitored from February 1 [st], 2015 or\nFebruary 1 [st] 2016 to April 18 [th], 2017 (end of the study).\nFebruary 2015 corresponds to a period of major influx\nof PoC in Europe. February 1 [st], 2016 is approximately\none month prior the EU-Turkey Agreement.\n\n\nTo address **O2H**, the trainers set up four monitors\nto track negative sentiment and perceptions, like\nxenophobic, discriminatory, or racist sentiments, of\nhost communities towards PoC for Greek, English,\nArabic, and Farsi. The monitors were respectively called **Xenophobia Greek**, **Xenophobia English**,\n**Xenophobia Arabic**, and **Xenophobia Farsi** (see\nAnnex 1). Tweets were monitored for the period\nFebruary 1 [st], 2015 or February 1 [st], 2016 to April 18 [th],\n2017.\n\n\nTo build the Xenophobia monitors ( **O2H** ), the project\nused the following categories to classify the tweets:\n\n\n**Xenophobic:** tweets that express negative attitude,\nprejudice, or hostile sentiment that vilifies PoC;\n**Non-Xenophobic:** tweets that express explicit support,\npositive attitude, or friendly sentiment towards PoC;\n\n\n\n**Neutral:** tweets that describe facts about PoC (for\nexample, news articles) but that do not express a\nstrong sentiment or any sentiment at all;\n**Irrelevant:** tweets that are not related to PoC.\n\n\nThe monitor trainers identified posts as belonging\nto the xenophobic category based on the UNESCO [18]\ndefinition of xenophobia: \u201c _xenophobic behavior is_\n_hostility based on existing racial, ethnic, religious,_\n_cultural, or national prejudice\u201d;_ and the UN Fund for\nContemporary Forms of Slavery, OHCHR, declaration\ndefinition of xenophobia: \u201c _attitudes, prejudices, and_\n_behavior that reject, exclude and often vilify persons,_\n_based on the perception that they are outsiders or_\n_foreigners to the community, society or national_\n_identity_ \u201d [19] .\n\n\nThe trainers also distinguished between factual, opinion-driven, rumor-driven, and breaking news tweets,\nin order to adequately train the machine for the neutral\ncategory. They further subtracted re-tweets (RT) from\ncertain queries, following the findings of Mendoza\n_et al_ [20], especially for the monitors related to **O2H**, to\navoid \u2018inflating\u2019 the number of xenophobic posts.\n\n\n**Insights**\n\n\nThe **Interactions Arabic** monitor was successfully\ntrained but did not retrieve a large number of relevant tweets (<7,000\u2014see Table 1). Annex II portrays a\nsubset of these posts. The **Interactions Farsi** monitor,\nhowever, could not be trained, due to an apparent\nlack of tweets in Farsi (<1,500) regarding access to\nterritory, shelter conditions, and transportation. These\nresults did not provide enough data to confirm or\nrefute **Q1H**, and could indicate that PoC\u2014assumed to\nbe either Arabic or Farsi speakers\u2014a) simply do not\nuse Twitter to inquire about, complain, or request services; b) do not have access to Twitter; or c) prefer\nother communications channels. The latter two possibilities seem further supported by the **Xenophobia**\n**Arabic,** and **Xenophobia Farsi** monitors, which also\nretrieved a very low number of tweets (<200 and\n<160, respectively).\n\n\nThe analysis also showed it is difficult to systematically separate tweets coming from PoC, host communities, and the general public for further analysis. Only few tweets described access to territory in\nEurope\u2014including closing borders and entry restrictions\u2014asylum conditions, and the economic challenges encountered during, and at the end of their\njourney, while many expressed the sentiment of host\n\n\n18 [UNESCO (2016). Xenophobia. Learning to Live together.](http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/xenophobia/)\nInternational Migration.\n19 [OHCHR (2011). Declaration on Racism, discrimination, Xenophobia](http://www.unesco.org/most/migration/imrdx.pdf)\n[and Related Intolerance against Migrants and Trafficked Persons. Asia-Pacific](http://www.unesco.org/most/migration/imrdx.pdf)\nNGO Meeting for the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination,\nXenophobia and Related Intolerance. Teheran, Iran\n20 Mendoza, M., Poblete, B. & Castillo, C. (2010). [Twitter Under](http://snap.stanford.edu/soma2010/papers/soma2010_11.pdf)\n[Crisis: Can we trust the RT? 1st Workshop on Social Media Analytics (SOMA](http://snap.stanford.edu/soma2010/papers/soma2010_11.pdf)\n\u201910), July 25, 2010, Washington, DC, USA.\n\n\n\ncommunities towards PoC. In hindsight, this could\nhave been caused by improper querying and training\nof the monitors. Based on these early insights, the\nproject decided to concentrate on **Q2.**\n\n\nThe analysis of the **O2H** monitors found few online\nsignals for the Arabic and Farsi monitors. For English\nand Greek however, the number of posts was much\nbigger, in the order of thousands. Interestingly, only\n**5%** of the tweets retrieved by the **Xenophobia Greek**\nmonitor (12,423 out of 248,691\u2014see Table 1) were classified as xenophobic, compared to **15%** (3,969 out of\n26,466) in the **Xenophobia English** monitor. Although\nthe monitors (queries) retrieved a larger number of\nposts in Greek, the analysis did not reveal the absolute number of tweets. However, with the sample retrieved, there were more xenophobic posts in English\nthan in Greek for this particular geographic location.\nSee Annex 3 for a summary of the main topics discussed in tweets retrieved by the **Xenophobia Greek**\nmonitor.\n\n\n**Iteration 2**\n\n\nFour follow up studies were conducted in the second\niteration. The project created a unique monitor for\neach study using Crimson Hexagon (see Table 2).\n\n\n**Table 2: Situational Awareness Monitors Overview**\n\n\n|Monitor|Unit of Analysis:
Geography|Unit of Analysis: Timeframe|Language|Number of Posts*|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**7. Situation Awareness Nice**|Worldwide|Date of event (14 July 2016) \u2013
April 18th, 2017|English, French, Greek,
German|3,748,198|\n|**8. Situation Awareness**
**Munich**|Worldwide|Date of event (22 July 2016) \u2013
April 18th, 2017|English, French, Greek,
German|58,815,918|\n|
**9. Situation Awareness**
**Saint-\u00c9tienne**|Worldwide|Date of event (27 July 2016) \u2013
April 18th, 2017|English, French|28,884,522|\n|**10. Situation Awareness Berlin**
|Worldwide
|Date of the event (18
December 2016) \u2013 April 18th,
2017|English, French, Greek,
German|353,580,956|\n\n\n\n**Hypotheses**\n\n\nBased on the first iteration, and in reaction to inconclusive results as well as in reaction to a number of\nterrorist attacks which occurred in Europe\u2014resulting\nin refugees being mentioned in various media, including social media, in potentially concerning ways\u2014, the\nproject refocused to explore whether social media\ncould provide a way to:\n\n\n**O3:** **Monitor the general public\u2019s opinion** on possible\nmislead relations between PoC and terrorist attacks,\nin aggregated form.\n\n\n\nThe project team focused on measuring the volume\nof posts that either blamed, or defended PoC to\ngauge public opinion and understand whether opinions were generally in favour or against PoC.\n\n\nThe **hypothesis** for **O3** :\n\n**O3H:** Host communities and the general public may\nmake a link between PoC and terrorist attacks.\n\n\n**Setup**\n\n\nTo address **O3H**, the monitor trainers created four\nadditional monitors that covered the unforeseen incidents in Nice (FR), Munich (DE), Saint-\u00c9tienne (FR),\nand Berlin (DE), which occurred on the 14 [th], 22 [nd],\nand 27 [th] of July, and on the 18 [th] of December 2016,\nrespectively.\n\n\nEach was intended to gauge responses to the terrorist attacks, and how these might be related to\nPoC in the global Twittersphere. They were respectively called **Situation Awareness Nice**, **Situation**\n**Awareness Munich**, **Situation Awareness Saint-**\n**\u00c9tienne**, and **Situation Awareness Berlin** . All were\ntrained in English, French, Greek, and German\u2014\nexcept the **Situation Awareness Saint-\u00c9tienne**,\nwhich was only trained in English and French\u2014using\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Number of post analyzed by the machine to the date: April 18th, 2017.\n\n\nalmost exactly the same query\u2014only some local references, and particular hashtags specific to each\nincident varied. Particular attention was given to\nemploying the same vocabulary for each language\nto enable a relative degree of comparison between\nmonitors. For example, \u201cattack\u201d in English was translated to \u201cattaque\u201d in French, \u201c\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u201d in Greek, and\n\u201cAnschlag\u201d in German.\n\n\nThe monitors were not restrained to specific geographic boundaries, but rather looked to understand global reactions and opinion. Nevertheless,\nthe choice of language did concentrate the tweets\n\n\n\n8 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "training tweets", - "confidence": 0.8514896035194397, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "demographic population data", - "confidence": 0.591296911239624, - "start": 175, - "end": 178 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7756201028823853, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.8060206770896912, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "native speakers", - "confidence": 0.6676682233810425, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data from the\nEurope Regional emergency", - "confidence": 0.7944433093070984, - "start": 165, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "demographic population data", - "confidence": 0.6102832555770874, - "start": 175, - "end": 178 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7749631404876709, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.707767128944397, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9567718505859375, - "start": 159, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interactions Farsi", - "confidence": 0.5384106636047363, - "start": 290, - "end": 292 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.7018067836761475, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tweets", - "confidence": 0.8372751474380493, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.7981008887290955, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5182088017463684, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "February 1 [st], 2015", - "confidence": 0.5644311308860779, - "start": 314, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Xenophobia monitors", - "confidence": 0.9983275532722473, - "start": 490, - "end": 492 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "O2H", - "confidence": 0.9975486397743225, - "start": 495, - "end": 496 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7665732502937317, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interactions Arabic", - "confidence": 0.651321291923523, - "start": 783, - "end": 785 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Situation Awareness", - "confidence": 0.7101988792419434, - "start": 1542, - "end": 1544 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Situation Awareness", - "confidence": 0.5030748844146729, - "start": 1646, - "end": 1648 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.544867992401123, - "start": 1518, - "end": 1519 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media", - "confidence": 0.7390370965003967, - "start": 1741, - "end": 1743 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "project team", - "confidence": 0.6327952742576599, - "start": 1796, - "end": 1798 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5390459299087524, - "start": 1679, - "end": 1680 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "general public", - "confidence": 0.9034354090690613, - "start": 1774, - "end": 1776 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Situation Awareness Nice", - "confidence": 0.9074265956878662, - "start": 1975, - "end": 1978 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "monitor trainers", - "confidence": 0.5715659856796265, - "start": 1877, - "end": 1879 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nice (FR)", - "confidence": 0.7257857322692871, - "start": 1889, - "end": 1893 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitors", - "confidence": 0.6919403672218323, - "start": 2106, - "end": 2107 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.7602330446243286, - "start": 2153, - "end": 2154 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "retrieved to areas where those languages are spoken\n(see Annex I for details on the categories and queries\nthat were used for each language). Tweets in each\nmonitor were tracked onwards from the date of the\nincident covered, i.e., in the aftermath of the terrorist\nattack, until April 18 [th], 2017.\n\n\n**Categories**\n\n\nThe following categories were used for the situation\nawareness monitors ( **O3H** ).\n\n\n**Blame:** tweets that explicitly blame PoC for the\nincident;\n**Don\u2019t Blame:** tweets that advocate for not blaming\nPoC for the incident, or at least that attempt to deattach them;\n**No reference to PoC:** tweets that describe facts about\nthe incident, but that do not mention PoC;\n**Irrelevant:** tweets that mention PoC, but that are not\nrelated to the incident;\n**Off-topic:** tweets that are neither related to PoC, or\nthe incident.\n\n\n**Insights**\n\n\nWhile the **Situation Awareness Saint-\u00c9tienne** monitor\ngathered a significant number of tweets (>28M\u2014see\nTable 2), the religious nature of the incident tended to\nskew the results: PoC were rather linked with fundamental Islam, than with the event itself. As such, this\nmonitor was discarded, and the project team further\ninspected only the incidents that did not specifically\ntarget religion.\n\n\nOnly **6%** of the tweets retrieved by the **Situation**\n**Awareness Nice** monitor, **11%** by the **Situation**\n**Awareness Munich** monitor, and **5%** by the **Situation**\n**Awareness Berlin** blamed PoC for the incident.\nThere were also more don\u2019t blame tweets in the\n**Situation Awareness Berlin monitor** than in the other\ntwo, with 7% of posts expressing explicit support for\nPoC in German, condemning racism and xenophobia,\nand stating that terrorism and violence are the main\nreasons why PoC flee their homes in the first place.\nIt is also important to note that while the percentages\nof posts blaming refugees for the incidents are small,\nthey still represent between hundreds of thousands\nto several millions of spontaneous messages of this\ndirection: **0.2M** tweets (Nice), **6.4 M** tweets (Munich),\nand **17.6 M** (Berlin).\n\n\nThe Situation Awareness Berlin monitor retrieved a\nsignificantly higher absolute number of tweets connecting PoC with the attack. These results could be\nattributed to several instances. First, because the\npolice quickly identified and arrested a Pakistani\nasylum seeker as the perpetrator of the attack.\n\n\n\nAlthough he was later released when found innocent21, Twitter users pursued the discussion on a\npossible relationship between the incident and PoC.\nSome even continued to associate the incident with\nthe Pakistani suspect, even after the police had clarified there was a Tunisian suspect. Secondly, this was\nthe third in a series of recent incidents in Germany,\nafter the Munich attack, and the W\u00fcrzburg train incident, the latter carried out by a 17-year old Afghan\nasylum seeker. Third, on September 15th, 2016,\nAngela Merkel made some remarks regarding the integration process of PoC in Germany, in an interview\naired on RBB-Inforadio, one of Berlin\u2019s main radio stations. In one comment, she stated that \u201cdrivers are\nneeded everywhere\u201d in Germany22. This comment\nfueled negative posts on social media, which drew a\nlink with the lorry truck attack, and blamed Germany\u2019s\nOpen Door Policy.\n\n\n**LIMITATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED**\n\n\nWhile the results of the second iteration provide some\ninteresting insights into the way people perceive\nissues related to the European Refugee Emergency,\nthey should be considered cautiously, as social media\nalone can seldom provide a comprehensive overview\nof needs and opinions. For example, tweets are generally not representative of socio-economic diversity\nand age. Only people with access to connectivity, and\nwho have an account, can post, or respond on Twitter.\nIn addition, although Crimson Hexagon\u2019s machine\nlearning and geo-referencing capabilities are advanced, they may not always be entirely accurate. This\nmeans that the geo-based queries may have retrieved\nadditional tweets posted from outside the determined\ngeographic boundary ( _false positives_ ) while omitting\nothers posted from inside the geographic boundary\n( _false negatives_ ). Furthermore, machine classification\nis not always accurate. At the same time, the project\nassumed that the general public would not make the\nlegal difference between _refugees_ and _migrants_, and\nused both terms interchangeably in the queries.\n\n\nAlso, the project did not establish a clear, systematic distinction between _host communities_ and _the_\n_general public,_ in terms of language vis-\u00e0-vis geographical location. This means that there could be, for\nexample, a French person posting opinions in German\nlanguage, currently residing in Germany; or a German\nperson, posting in German language, currently residing outside Germany. Either example could be categorized as both host community, or general public,\ndepending on different perspectives and proximity to\nthe community.\n\n\nFurthermore, the automatic classification and sentiment extraction from tweets may have missed some\n\n\n21 [The Guardian (2017). Berlin Truck Attack: first suspect released as](https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/dec/20/berlin-christmas-market-attack-suspect-pakistan-live-coverage)\n[drive thought to be still at large - as it happened. February 17, 2017.](https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/dec/20/berlin-christmas-market-attack-suspect-pakistan-live-coverage)\n22 [Der Zeit (2016). Angela Merkel: Fl\u00fcchtlinge sollen schnell in](http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2016-09/angela-merkel-fluechtlinge-arbeitsmarkt-schnelle-integration)\n[Arbeitsmarkt integriert werden. September 16, 2016.](http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2016-09/angela-merkel-fluechtlinge-arbeitsmarkt-schnelle-integration)\n\n\n\nimportant contextual cues, as both procedures use\nonly the posts\u2019 textual content. Tweets may contain\nlinks, or allude to other information. They may also be\npart of a broader, ongoing conversation. Overlooking,\nor omitting these contextual cues may result in a misinterpretation of certain uses of language, such as irony,\nsatire, or metaphoric speech. This was observed in\nthe **Situation Awareness Berlin** monitor, where there\nwere many sarcastic references to the radio interview\nwith Angela Merkel.\n\n\nThe project initially imagined it would be possible\nto filter out the voices of PoC by collecting posts in\nArabic and Farsi, and by geo-locating their point of\norigin. However, it turned out to be extremely complicated to determine whether a person tweeting in\nthese languages was indeed a migrant or refugee,\nor simply a person from the host community or local\ndiaspora\u2014especially seeing that the Arabic and Farsi\nmonitors in the first iteration did not retrieve many\ntweets. This would induce a high degree of uncertainty in any attempt to address hypotheses related\nto PoC vs. host communities, which is why a deeper\nanalysis of **O1** was not employed. However, extending this research to other social media platforms\nlike Facebook, which PoC use extensively [23], might\nfacilitate the distinction, and help better understand\ninteractions.\n\n\nThe second iteration also showed the extent to\nwhich the comprehensiveness of the vocabulary\nused in a query could both increase the volume of\nretrieved posts, and their overall accuracy. Firstly,\nseveral iterations are needed to capture all the information. Secondly, the messages should be manually scanned to be able to re-classify and re-train the\nmachine to include relevant words. Although it was\ngenerally similar, the query used for the **Situation**\n**Awareness Berlin** monitor was more sophisticated,\nand better tailored, than those used for the other situation awareness monitors (see Annex I). This was the\nresult of immediate feedback received from end-users within Germany on specific language nuances.\nThe project used colloquial which were also used by\nlocal media and the general public when referring to\nPoC. UNHCR\u2019s Innovation Service\u2019s Community and\nContent Manager also assisted, pointing to specific\nhashtags and keywords that were being used.\n\n\nMore generally, findings showed that working with\nsocial media requires a dynamic mindset. The project\nhad to adapt and iterate rapidly. The hypotheses from\nthe first iteration proved too broad, and for them to be\nof any tangible use to UNHCR, they had to be adjusted. The project also required more resources than initially identified within UNHCR, as linking social media\nmonitoring with operational responses and planning is\na new concept for the Agency\u2014the mini-studies were\n\n\n23 European Commission (2016). [Effective use of technology and](https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/event/workshop/effective-use-technology-and-social-media-refugees-labour-market-integration)\n[social media for refugees\u2019 labour market integration.](https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/event/workshop/effective-use-technology-and-social-media-refugees-labour-market-integration)\n\n\n\ntypically inaccurately conflated with a range of other\nsocial-media-driven projects, including CwC efforts,\nInformation Management work, Communication and\nPublic Information (PI) activities, and UNHCR digital\nbrand marketing.\n\n\nIn addition, while this white paper refers to the current\nwork as a series of \u201cmini-studies,\u201d it should be emphasized this was a labor-intensive process. UNHCR\u2019s\nInnovation Service had to resolve to recruit monitor\ntrainers, all of whom had both relevant native language\nskills, and basic knowledge in computer programming. UN Global Pulse also invested the equivalent\nof a full-time staff member, in addition to providing the\nnecessary partnership agreements, which enabled\naccess to the data and tools. In the future, it will be\nimportant for UNHCR to have qualified and dedicated personnel to develop similar approaches to collecting, processing, and analyzing big data sources.\nThese efforts should be integrated across different\nunits, to further the Agency\u2019s understanding\u2014as a\nwhole\u2014of the potential of social media and big data\nto inform operational decisions, advocacy activities,\nand strategic communications, as well as to improve\nlistening to different affected communities, in order to\ndemystify non-accurate information.\n\n\nThe limitations of the initial interactions and the\nlessons learned throughout the course of the project\nhelped reshape its initial scope. The project set out\nto use social media posts to build a better, more\nnuanced understanding of different complex aspects\nof the Europe Refugee Emergency, that are otherwise difficult to assess with traditional tools\u2014such as\nsurveys. However, it now sees added value in trying\nto use social media to detect unexpected signals of\nongoing events that could put PoC at risk, and that\nUNHCR may need to quickly respond to, or act upon.\n\n\nThe streaming nature of social media posts affords\nthe detection of such signals in near-real-time, which\ncould be useful in cases similar to the aftermath of\nthe Berlin terrorist attack, where more than 17.6 million\ntweets linked the incident with PoC. There are few\ndata sources that can facilitate such in-depth, rapid\nresponse mechanisms, and the project intends to\ncontinue exploring their potential.\n\n\n**THE WAY FORWARD**\n\n\nUNHCR routinely collects massive amounts of data,\nthrough, for example, registration and information\nmanagement exercises, programme and project implementation, and financial activities. The main challenge, and therefore an important opportunity for the\nAgency, is to find ways of accompanying the integration of new data sources into this culture, and to\nbring more data-driven evidence into decision-making processes and advocacy efforts, particularly in\ndeveloping an institutional policy against xenophobia,\n\n\n\n10 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "discrimination, and racism against PoC. The current\nproject intends to continue exploring this integration\nwith the development of a social media monitoring\nsystem (an early snapshot of which is presented in\nAnnex IV), which will use streamed posts as a way to\ndetect signals of ongoing events, which the Agency\nmay need to act upon.\n\n\nBeyond this, there are several other opportunities for\nUNHCR in the future like:\n\n\n - Defining clear, rigorous methodologies and\nprotocols to distill relevant information extracted from biased data sources like social\nmedia. Interpreting social media using quantitative methods and machine intelligence is\ncomplex, particularly when the context of the\ncomposite data [24] is nuanced and sometimes\nunclear from individual pieces of information;\n\n - Integrating these new types of insights into\noperational workflows. Social media posts\ncan typically feed into operations, policy\nor advocacy, and communications. This is\nanother opportunity for UNHCR;\n\n - Adopting the relevant ethical and privacy\nframeworks relating to data protection,\nprivacy, anonymity, and security;\n\n - Building internal data literacy and specialized\ncapacities within the Agency. This last point\nshould further help improve UNHCR\u2019s capacity to make data-driven decisions.\n\n\nDuring the _Committee on the Elimination of Racial_\n_Discrimination_ in March 2011, UNHCR\u2019s Senior Legal\nCoordinator explained that \u201c _Combating racism, xeno-_\n_phobia and related forms of intolerance against refu-_\n_gees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons is one of_\n_the principle objectives of UNHCR, and these forms_\n_of discrimination are one of the greatest threats to_\n_the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers, in Europe_\n_and elsewhere_ \u201d [25] . From impacting the right to seek\nasylum, to better understanding how xenophobia is\nrelated to the primary root causes of persecution or\nnegatively affecting integration opportunities, this\nis an area of work UNHCR must be more proactive\nin. In fact, not addressing xenophobia towards PoC\nin a strategic way would constitute a shortcoming of\nUNHCR\u2019s overall protection mandate as an agency\nThe 2009 \u201cCombating Racism, Racial Discrimination,\nXenophobia and Related Intolerance through a\nStrategic Approach\u201d along with the 2015 evaluation\nof UNHCR\u2019s Southern Africa Programmes \u201cProtection\nfrom Xenophobia\u201d layout specific guidelines on how\nthe agency is addressing the issue.\n\n\n24 Composite data or compound data is any data type which\ncan be constructed in a program using the programming language\u2019s\nprimitive data types. In summary, is any language data type that isn\u2019t a machine\nnumber\n\n\n25 [OHCHR (2011). Committee on the Elimination of Racial](http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/UNHCR7March2011.pdf)\n[Discrimination. Thematic discussion: \u201cRacial discrimination against People of](http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/UNHCR7March2011.pdf)\n[African Descent\u201d. UNHCR DIP](http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/UNHCR7March2011.pdf)\n\n\n\nHowever, confronting growing intolerance and xenophobia are just some of the many challenges that\nmay lie ahead for UNHCR, in a world that is more connected, and where ideas and words can be shared\nacross many channels, including digital channels. The\nEuropean Network Against Racism (ENAR) published\na study that highlights an increase in protests, political/\nelections rhetoric, and formation of structured groups\nagainst refugees and asylum seekers in Europe [26] .\nThey mention that \u201c _social media is becoming increas-_\n_ingly crucial in forming opinions about migrants, and_\n_there has been a growing dissemination of fake eth-_\n_nicity-related news about migrants with alarming and_\n_sensationalist headlines._ \u201d\n\n\n26 [ENAR (2016). Racism and Discrimination in the Context of](http://www.enar-eu.org/IMG/pdf/shadowreport_2015x2016_long_low_res.pdf)\n[Migration in Europe. ENAR Shadow Report.](http://www.enar-eu.org/IMG/pdf/shadowreport_2015x2016_long_low_res.pdf)\n\n\n\n**ANNEXES**\n\n\n\n**Annex I: Data Query Taxonomies per Hypothesis**\n\n\n**1.1 O1H** _:_ Monitor Interactions\n\n\n - **Negative perception:** bad conditions in\naccess to services or to territory of asylum,\npolice brutality, closed border, means of\ntransportation\n\n - **Taxonomy** for link **:** basic neutral, basic positive, basic negative\n\n - **Geography** : Greece, national level\n\n\n_**Machine**_ _**learning**_ _**query:**_ _untrained/discarded_\n_monitors_\n\n\n_PoC Farsi:_\n_\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0633OR \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06ccOR \u0645\u0631\u0632OR \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647OR ( \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647AND )\u062c\u0648\u06ccOR \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06af\u0631OR \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627OR_\n_\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646OR_\n_\u062b\u0628OR \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062aOR \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06ccOR_\n_\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647OR ( \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647AND )\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646OR \u0648\u0636\u0639OR \u062d\u0627\u0644OR \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062aOR_\n_\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642OR \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633OR ( \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0647AND )\u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9OR_\n_\u0631\u0627\u0647OR \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647OR \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062aOR \u0648\u06cc\u0632\u0627OR \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062aOR ( \u0628\u062fAND )\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06ccOR \u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06ccOR_\n_\u0642\u0627\u0686\u0627\u0642_\n\n\n_Translation: Police Police OR border refugee OR_\n_(harbor AND barley) OR migrant Greece OR OR OR_\n_Europe Registration arrest OR OR OR arrested Camp_\n_OR (AND refugee camp) OR conditions are OR OR OR_\n_Health BOAT OR BUS OR (Highway AND Block) OR_\n_The price OR VISA OR OR OR roads violence OR (bad_\n_behavior AND) OR kidnapping OR trafficking_\n\n\n_General Public: Arabic_\n_OR \u0648\u0636\u0639OR \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062fOR \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062fOR \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627OR \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626OR \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631_\n_\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 OR \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639_\n\n\n_Translation:_ _Mohajer (migrant), laje\u2019, (refugee) OR_\n_Laj\u2019een (refugees) Mohajeryn (migrants) Europe OR_\n_borders border OR situation OR the situation OR_\n_Greece OR Greeks OR the Greeks_\n\n\n_General Public: English_\n_\u201crefugee\u201d AND (\u201cmove\u201d OR \u201cmovement\u201d OR \u201cmove\u201d_\n_OR \u201cboat\u201d OR \u201cplane\u201d OR \u201crelocation\u201d OR \u201cresettle-_\n_ment\u201d OR \u201cremoved\u201d OR \u201creturned\u201d OR \u201creintegrat-_\n_ed\u201d OR \u201cwalk\u201d OR \u201croad\u201d OR \u201cbus\u201d OR \u201ctrain\u201d OR_\n_\u201cmoney\u201d)_\n\n\n**1.2 O2H:** Understanding sentiment\n\n\n - **Negative perception:** racists, extremist or xenophobic comments from host communities\nin their native language, negative sentiment\nand feelings towards refugees and migrants.\n\n - **Taxonomy** : racist, non-racist, neutral,\nirrelevant\n\n - **Geography:** Greece, national level\n\n\n\n12 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social media monitoring\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.9730194807052612, - "start": 21, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5558205246925354, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "composite data", - "confidence": 0.5117395520210266, - "start": 116, - "end": 118 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6282182335853577, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Machine-learning query**\n\n\n_A) Xenophobia English_\n((migrant OR refugee OR refugees OR immigrants)\nAND (Greece OR Greeks OR fear OR hatred OR\nracism OR xenophobia OR foreigners OR arrivals OR\nSyrians)) AND ((migrant OR refugee OR refugees OR\nimmigrants) AND -(RT OR US OR America OR UK OR\nTrump OR Brexit OR Merkel))\n\n\n_B) Xenophobia Greek_\n((\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2) AND -(RT OR \u0392\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 OR \u03a4\u03c3\u03af\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2\nOR \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb OR Brexit OR \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1)) OR ((\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\nOR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2) AND\n(\u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 OR \u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 OR \u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 OR \u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03b1 OR\n\u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 OR \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 OR \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9)) OR ((metanastis OR\nmetanasths OR metanastes OR prosfugas OR prosfuges) AND -(RT **[1]** OR Merkel OR Tsipras OR Brexit OR\nGermania)) OR((metanastis OR metanasths OR metanastes OR prosfugas OR prosfuges) AND (fovos OR\nfobos OR misos OR ratsismos OR xenofovia OR xenophobia OR afiksi OR xenoi OR afiskeis OR Syrioi OR\nSurioi))\n\n\n_C) Xenophobia Arabic_\n\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646OR \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626OR \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631\n\n\n_Translation: migrant OR migrants OR refugee OR_\n_refugees_\n\n\n_D) Xenophobia Farsi_\nOR \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06ccOR \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646OR \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646OR \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06af\u0631OR \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u062fOR \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646OR \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\n\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\n\n\n_Translation: refugees, refugee, welcome, migrant,_\n_Greece, to arrive, foreign, foreigners_\n\n\n**1.3 O3** _:_ Incidents Linkage\n\n\n - **Linking incidents:** blame refugees for\nattacks/incidents, terrorism activities in\nEurope, Munich, Nice, St. Etienne, #donotblame refugees, #PrayforMunich, #offeneT\u00fcr,\nBastille, #BerlinAttack\n\n - **Taxonomy:** blame refugees, do not blame\nrefugee, neutral, irrelevant\n\n - **Geography:** Worldwide\n\n\n**Machine-learning query**\n\n\n_A) Situation Awareness Munich_\n(Munich OR MunichAttack OR PrayForMunich OR\noffeneT\u00fcr OR Beschuldige OR Fl\u00fcchtlinge OR\nFl\u00fcchtlingen OR Schuld OR Attacke OR Tod OR T\u00f6ten\nOR Opfer OR Schie\u00dfen OR Schiessen OR Attent\u00e4ter\nOR Gewehr OR Pistole ) OR (attack OR killer OR kill\nOR killed OR dead OR deadly OR death OR shooting OR gun OR bullets OR victims OR killing) OR\n\n\n1 Excluding Retweets (RT)\n\n\n\n(\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf OR \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf OR \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 OR PrayForMunich\nOR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR\n\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 OR \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 OR \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 OR \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf OR\n\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd OR \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf) OR (attaque OR attaques OR attentat OR attentats OR tu\u00e9 OR tueur OR assassin OR\nmort OR morts OR tournage OR fusillade OR pistolet\nOR fusil OR balles OR victimes)\n\n\n_B) Situation Awareness Nice_\n(Nice AND (terrorist OR attacks OR France OR dead\nOR (Bastille AND Day) OR terror OR deaths OR blame\nOR refugees OR refugee OR deaths OR attack OR\nvictims OR assassins OR gun)) OR (\u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 AND\n(\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 OR \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae OR \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 OR\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 OR \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03af OR (Bastille AND Day) OR \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\nOR \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 OR \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7)) OR (Nizza AND (terroristischen OR Attacke OR Frankreich OR Tot OR (Bastille\nAND Tag) OR terror OR T\u00f6tten OR Beschuldige OR\nFl\u00fcchtlinge OR Fl\u00fcchtlingen OR Schuld OR T\u00f6ten\nOR Opfer OR Schie\u00dfen OR Schiessen OR Attent\u00e4ter\nOR Gewehr OR Pistole)) OR (Nice AND (terroriste OR\nattaque OR attaques OR attenat OR faute OR attentats OR France OR mort OR morts OR (Jour AND de\nAND la AND Bastille) OR terreur OR mortes OR bl\u00e2me\nOR r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s OR r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s OR bl\u00e2mer OR attaque OR\nmort OR victimes OR assassin OR pistolet OR (14 AND\njuillet) OR terreur))\n\n\n_C) Situation Awareness Saint-Etienne:_\notage OR arm\u00e9s OR (Saint AND Etienne AND du AND\nRouvray) OR mort OR morts OR (prise AND d\u2019otage)\nOR \u00e9glise OR pr\u00eatre OR assaillants OR tu\u00e9 OR bless\u00e9\n\n\nd) _Situation Awareness Berlin_\n(Berlin OR BerlinAttack OR BerlinTerrorAttack OR\n(Berlin AND Terrorist AND Anschlag) OR (Berlin AND\nTerroranschlag) OR Breitscheidplatz OR merkeldeutschland OR Weihnachtsmarkt OR (Weihnachts\nAND Markt) OR Anschlag OR offeneT\u00fcr OR\nBeschuldige OR Fl\u00fcchtlinge OR Fl\u00fcchtlingen OR\nSchuld OR Attacke OR Tod OR T\u00f6ten OR Opfer OR\nWeihnachten OR Attent\u00e4ter OR Gewehr OR LKW OR\nIslam OR Pakistaner OR Pakistanisch OR Islamophobie\nOR Liberale OR Immigrant OR Asyl OR Lastwagen OR\nAsylant OR Asylanten OR Fluechtlingsbewerber OR\nAsylbewerber OR Lastkraftwagen OR Migranten OR\nRassismus OR Fremdenfeindlichkeit OR (Beschuldige\nAND Fl\u00fcchtlinge AND nicht) OR (Beschuldige AND\nFl\u00fcchtlingen AND nicht) OR Einwanderer OR vorwerfen OR (schei\u00df AND Fl\u00fcchtlinge) OR (scheiss AND\nFl\u00fcchtlinge) OR (schei\u00dfe AND Fl\u00fcchtlinge) OR (scheisse AND Fl\u00fcchtlinge) OR anschuldigen OR anklagen\nOR Vorw\u00fcrfemachen OR Muslime OR (Die AND Schuld\nAND den AND Fl\u00fcchtlingen AND zuschieben)) OR\n(attack OR blamerefugees OR (blame AND refugees)\nOR terror OR terroristattack OR terrorist OR killer OR\nMerkel OR (open AND door) OR opendoor OR kill OR\nkilled OR dead OR deadly OR death OR ISIS OR islam\nOR Pakistani OR Christmas OR christmasmarket OR\ntruck OR victims OR killing OR RefugeesWelcome OR\n\n\n\nliberal OR immigrant OR migrant OR asylum OR lorry\nOR Afghan OR jihad OR islamophobia OR racism OR\n(don\u2019t AND blame AND refugees) OR dontblamerefugees OR Asylmafia OR xenophobia OR thanksMerkel\nOR ThankyouMerkel) OR (\u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf OR \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\nOR \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 OR \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd OR\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 OR \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd OR\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 OR \u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 OR \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 OR \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 OR\n\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf OR \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd OR \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 OR \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\nOR (\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 AND \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac) OR \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2\nOR \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 OR \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4 OR \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03b1 OR\n\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 OR \u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03b1 OR \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2) OR\n(attaque OR attaques OR attentat OR attentats OR tu\u00e9\nOR tueur OR terreur OR assassin OR mort OR morts\nOR tournage OR victimes OR camion OR Natale OR\n(march\u00e9 AND de AND No\u00ebl) OR pakistanais OR asile\nOR (porte AND ouverte) OR refugie OR r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 OR\nx\u00e9nophobie OR MerciMerkel OR Musulman OR (ne\nAND bl\u00e2mez AND pas AND les AND r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s))\n\n\n\n14 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex II: Tweets found and catalogued by AI**\n\n\n**O1H:** Monitor Interactions\n\n\n_**Translation**_ : You are frustrated by all the refugees dying in the sea but words don\u2019t do us much, open the\nborders\n\n\n_**Translation**_ : The governor of Greek Central Macedonia: There are about 13,000 refugees are swarming to the\nGreek-Macedonian borders in miserable conditions\n\n\n_**Translation**_ : Greece is currently facing a huge economic crisis.. and the circumstances for the refugees are\neven more difficult\n\n\n**O2H:** Understanding sentiment\n\n\n_Xenophobia English Monitor_\n_Category:_ Xenophobic\n\n\n\n_Non-Xenophobic_\n\n\n_Neutral_\n\n\n_Irrelevant_\n\n\n\n16 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**O2H:** Understanding sentiment\n\n\n_Xenophobia Greek Monitor_\n_Category:_ Xenophobic\n\n\n**Translation:** _They treat Greek people Bad, to make space for \u2018refugees\u2019._\n\n\n_Non-Xenophobic_\n\n\n_**Translation:**_ _Humanitarian help for the refugees in Heraklio._\n\n\n_Neutral_\n\n\n_**Translation:**_ _More than 53.900 refugees and immigrants in the country._\n\n\n\n_Irrelevant_\n\n\n_**Translation:**_ _On monday the first Syrian refugees will move from Turkey to Germany._\n\n\n**Annex III: Data Visualizations (Quantitative inputs)**\n\n\n**O3H** _**:**_ Incidents Linkage\n**Total Number of tweets analyzed** : 3,433,800 (Nice) + 297,506,445 (Munich) = 300,940,245 posts up to Jan\n10 [th], 2017.\n**Xenophobic** : Munich (8%) in yellow and Nice (6%) in purple\n**Geography** : Worldwide\n\n\n_Xenophobic_\n\n\nNice and Munich (January 10th, 2017)\n\n\n**O3H** _**:**_ Incidents Linkage\n**Total Number of tweets analyzed:** Munich (58,815,918 posts), Nice (3,748,198 posts) and Berlin (353,580,956\nposts) = total 416,145,072 posts\n**Xenophobic:** Munich (8%) in yellow, Nice (7%) in green and Berlin (5%) in purple\n**Geography:** Worldwide\n_Xenophobic_\n\n\n\n18 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Not-Xenophobic_\n\n\n**O3H** _**:**_ Incidents Linkage\n**Total Number of tweets analyzed:** Munich (58,815,918 posts), Nice (3,748,198 posts) and Berlin (353,580,956\nposts) = total 416,145,072 posts\n**Non-Xenophobic:** Munich (<1%) in yellow, Nice (11%) in green and Berlin (7%) in purple\n**Geography:** Worldwide\n\n\n\n**Annex III: Data Visualizations (Qualitative inputs)**\n\n\n_Data Visualization type: Cluster, Munich situation awareness monitor_\n\n\n\n20 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Munich situation awareness monitor_", - "confidence": 0.6054981350898743, - "start": 118, - "end": 122 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Worldwide", - "confidence": 0.8449716567993164, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annex IV: Interactive map**\n(under-construction by UNGP)\n\n\n_Data Visualization type: Topic Wheel, Xenophobia Greece in Greek monitor_ _Tweets geo-located by route, interactive map (under construction), Python based_\n\n\n22 23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interactive map", - "confidence": 0.5175009369850159, - "start": 5, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNGP", - "confidence": 0.9050756692886353, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greece", - "confidence": 0.9232897162437439, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**How to cite this document:**\nUN Global Pulse, UNHCR Innovation Service,\n\u2018Social Media and Forced Displacement: Big\nData Analytics & Machine-Learning\u2019, 2017\n\n\nThe opinions expressed in this paper are\nthose of the authors and do not necessarily\nrepresent the position of UN Global Pulse or\nUNHCR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0880a04-1741-3e12-8607-d28e0225e52e/White%20Paper%20Social%20Media%203_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_755/raw/doc_755_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_755/raw/doc_755_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ee389ce4c41c0434b6673041bf307099be8e642..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_755/raw/doc_755_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,406 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **LEBANON**\n\n## Winterization 2013-14 Baseline Report\n\nBeirut, February 2014\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\n\nDuring the initial launch of the winterisation support project targeting vulnerable registered refugees\nand new comers, 735 households (HHs) were surveyed at the distribution point, using a jointly\ndeveloped tool.\n\nDespite the survey being launched with a very tight deadline, leading to some problems at the data\ncollection level, the collected information will still be sufficient to support impact analysis. The baseline\nsurvey will be followed by two Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) cycles.\n\nMost of the families surveyed were either living in sub-standard dwellings or in an apartment. Few had\naccess to income earning opportunities, whether permanent or temporary. Only 9% of the respondents\nsaid this was due to either a medical condition or disability.\n\nThe results confirmed that main expenditures for both registered and non-registered HHs are food and\nrent. The majority of families (30%) had debts between $201 and $600 and buying on credit or\nborrowing money to pay for essential goods (food) was the most common coping strategy reported.\n\n52% of the HHs had received assistance also during the previous winter mainly in the form of a blanket\nor cash/voucher for fuel. The same proportion of HHs had access to a heating stove. As anticipated in\nthe programme design heating was the main winterisation concerns amongst HHs, confirming the\nappropriateness of the programme design.\n\n**Content**\n\n\n**Executive Summary** ......................................................................................................................... 1\n\n\n**Purpose of the baseline** .................................................................................................................. 2\n\n\n**Methodology and data set** .............................................................................................................. 2\n\n\n**Sample population** ...................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n**Education and Income Generation** ............................................................................................. 5\n\n\n**Assets and expenditure** ............................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n**Coping with Winter** ..................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n**Conclusions** .................................................................................................................................... 10\n\n\n**Appendix 1: Questionnaire** ........................................................................................................... 12\n\n\n1 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Winterization 2013-14 Baseline Report", - "confidence": 0.7464810013771057, - "start": 8, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8718845844268799, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LEBANON", - "confidence": 0.9924942255020142, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013-14", - "confidence": 0.9387950897216797, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline", - "confidence": 0.6898523569107056, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sample population", - "confidence": 0.706151008605957, - "start": 648, - "end": 650 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9808719158172607, - "start": 1260, - "end": 1261 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Project description**\n\nThe aim of the winterisation project is to provide monetised winter support to vulnerable families\nbetween November 2013 and March 2014. UNHCR targeted families that had been found eligible for\nassistance as part of the overall targeting exercise conducted by UNHCR and WFP and living above\n500m. Families living in informal tented settlements (ITS) also benefited from the assistance, and most\nof this category of beneficiaries has been supported by cooperating partners (CPs) with direct support\nfrom donors. The package of assistance is the same as that provided by UNHCR through its\nimplementing partners, with the targeting of these CPs concentrating on un-registered households\nidentified as vulnerable, thus complementing UNHCR\u2019s emphasis on the registered refugees.\n\nThe assistance package consists of two components \u2013 cash and in-kind blankets. During the first month\nof the project households would receive LLB 220,000 (USD 146.67), calculated as a contribution for fuel\nand a stove. In addition, 1 blanket per person was provided in-kind to registered refugees. After the\nfirst month HHs receive LLB 160,000 (USD 106.67) in cash as a contribution towards fuel costs. Despite\nthe amount provided being calculated on the basis of heating requirements during the winter, HHs are\nable to use their assistance as per their individual priorities.\n\nNewly arrived refugees are provided, through ECHO funding, a one-off assistance within 2 weeks of\narrival. The winterisation component is a cash contribution of LLB 220,000, in line with the assistance\nprovided to refugees. In addition, newly arrived families receive blankets (1 per person), mattresses (up\nto 4 per family), kitchen set (1 per family), hygiene kit (1 per family), food kit (WFP \u2013 1 per family), baby\nkit (UNICEF \u2013 1 kit per child < 2 years), all distributed in kind.\n\n**Purpose of the baseline**\n\nTo facilitate the evaluation of the impact of the above described large-scale winterisation assistance,\nthe Cash Transfer Programming Working Group (CTP WG) advised baseline data to be collected from\nthe targeted beneficiaries. The assurance of a minimum level of understanding of HHs situation and\ntheir planned strategies for winterisation, prior to receiving assistance, would allow for a more robust\nassessment of the total effect of the assistance provided.\n\n**Methodology and data set**\n\nBaseline data was collected during the distribution, prior to the provision of assistance, using a jointly\ndeveloped template (see Appendix 1.). Beneficiaries were sampled at \u201crandom\u201d, but not using\nsystemised or jointly agreed sampling methodology.\n\nThe system was set up within a very short timeframe, which did not allow for a proper testing of the\ntool. During data collection it was noted that for example the translation of questions into Arabic was\ndone using a dialect not easily understood by the Syrian Refugees. As a result questions had to be\nexplained by the enumerators, increasing the risk of biased answers.\n\nAt the set up stage, it was agreed that the total sample would cover 1% of the targeted population.\n\nOverall, there were significant problems with the received data. In many cases responses were not in\nline with the options highlighted in the questionnaire (range instead of absolutely value or vice versa\nfor example). Many data sets were also incomplete. For the data to be analysed cleaning of above\naverage level was required.\n\n\n2 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "baseline data", - "confidence": 0.9811402559280396, - "start": 389, - "end": 391 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Cash Transfer Programming Working Group", - "confidence": 0.8259119987487793, - "start": 379, - "end": 384 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "targeted beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.9357738494873047, - "start": 396, - "end": 398 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.8696954846382141, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9534059166908264, - "start": 539, - "end": 541 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data sets", - "confidence": 0.8083203434944153, - "start": 623, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Results**\n\n**Sample population**\n\nData was collected/submitted by nine organisations and the total sample was 735 households [1] .\n\n\nMajority of the respondents were residing in Bekaa, where all registered HHs were targeted, due to the\n500m altitude criteria. Overall 17% of the surveyed HHs were not registered with UNHCR, with a range\nof 0 to 27% depending on the region.\n\n\nThe average family size of the sampled population was 4.8 members, which is significantly lower than\nthat recorded in for example the VaSYR (7.7). Families in the Bekaa (5.3) and South (5.4) were slightly\n\n\n1 Care\u2019s submission includes 29 households interviewerd by SIF\n\n3 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VaSYR", - "confidence": 0.8111344575881958, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bekaa", - "confidence": 0.7184317111968994, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8809022307395935, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "larger than in for example the North (3.9). The difference between registered and unregistered was\nmarginal \u2013 4.9 and 4.7 respectively.\n\n**Living Conditions**\n\nThe most common types of housing reported villa/independent house/apartment.\n\nThe second most typical shelters were Factory/Warehouse/ Worksite / Garage/Magasin /Unfinished\nshelter/Tent \u2013 all falling under the category of substandard accommodation.\n\n\nUnregistered HHs were more often living in substandard accommodation than registered refugees.\n\n\nRefugees living in substandard accommodation were also more represented in the North than in the\nother districts.\n\n\n4 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Education and Income Generation**\n\nOverall, 161 surveyed HHs (22%) reported as being able to generate an income. 546HHs reported not\nbeing able to generate an income and 28 did not respond to the question.\n\nIn the South, no HHs reported as being able to generate and income.\n\nIn all areas there was a notable difference between the registered and not registered HHs in their\nability to generate income. But there was no consistent trend in one or the other grouping being in a\nbetter or worse situation. (see Chart on page 6.)\n\nThe main constraint identified by the respondents was the lack of job opportunities. Only 9% made\nreference to medical conditions or disabilities.\n\n\n5 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Education levels contributed to the ability to\ngenerate income only slightly. 83% of those with\nno education were unable to generate an income,\nwith the level being at 72% for those with\neducation levels lower than secondary and 76%\nfor secondary or higher.\n\nHowever, those with higher levels of education\nwere more likely to have permanent employment\n\n - 20% for secondary or higher with 10% and 13%\nfor below secondary and no education\n\n\n7 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Assets and expenditure**\n\nIn general households had three sets of mattresses, winter clothes and blankets available for the\nfamily. On average a family had only 0.38 beds and 0.62 heaters within their household.\n\nMost households (82%) noted that they would know where to purchase the items they were\nmissing/needed if provided with cash.\n\nThe majority of households reported spending $151-200 on food. The other most significant\nexpenditure was rent where a family was most likely to spend either $0-50/month or $151-200/month\nboth amongst the registered and not registered HHs. Amongst the registered refugees the highest\ncategory of rent was $451-500/month (3%), where as 3% of the non-registered refugees spent as much\nas $550-600/month on rent alone. The other expenditure components accounted for $0-50/month.\n\n\n8 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "14% of the families reported having accumulated no debts. 9% did not answer the question. The\nmajority of families (30%) had debts between $201 and $600.\n\n\nBorrowing was also reported as the most common coping strategy across all regions. 77% if the nonregistered and 73% of the registered HHs reported as having borrowed money to buy food or buying\nfood on credit durin the past 30 days. Reduced essential expenditure was resorted to by 74% of the\nHHs (50% of non-registered and 29% of registered HHs), 17% spent savings and 16% sold assets to\ncover expenses.\n\n**Coping with Winter**\n\n52% of the respondents reported having received assistance also during the previous winter (20122013). The most common type of assistance received was blankets, followed by fuel (vouchers or\ncash).\n\n\n9 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The main winterisation regard concern was heating, which was noted by 34% of the respondents.\nHowever, this can potentially be biased as it is well known to refugees that the most likely assistance\nthey will receive during the winter is stove and/or heating fuel.\n\n\nMost families declared having the items they need from before, this is inline with the information\nreceived on available assets. Only 15% of the surveyed HHs were expecting to receive the necessary\ngoods from the various operational agencies.\n\n\n**Conclusions**\n\nThe baseline survey results confirm the appropriateness of the programme design. 82% of HHs know\nwhere to purchase the items they require and are thus able to utilise the cash they will be given. Only\nsome half of the population has a heating stove, whereas heating was listed as the main concern\nregarding survival during the winter.\n\n\n10 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Only 22% of the households reported being able to generate an income. The main reason for why HHs\nare unable to support themselves is the lack of employment opportunities both for uneducated and\neducated workers. As a result HHs rely heavily on external assistance, borrowing and other coping\nstrategies.\n\nThe impact of the programme will need to be analysed, once the PDM data is available.\n\n\n11 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Appendix 1: Questionnaire**\n\n\n**COMPLETE BEFORE THE INTERVIEW** \u064e\u0642\u0628\u062b\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0649 \u0642\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u064d\u0627\u0644\n\n\n\n**Date :**\n**\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064e\u062e**\n\n\n\n**|____| / |____| /|____| Organization ID: |_______| Interviewer Name : |___________________________|**\n\n_Month_ _Day Year_\n\n\u0627\u0649\u063e\u0647\u0634 \u064b\u0627\u0649\u064f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064f\u062a **\u0647\u0649\u064e\u062e \u0627\u0646\u064b\u064f\u0638\u064b\u062e** **\u0625\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062d\u062c**\n\n\n\n**Location ID**\n\n**\u064c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064e\u0641** **:**\n\n\n\n_**Governorate/**_ **|____|** _**District/**_ **|____|** _**Location**_ **|_______________________________|** _**Household/**_ **|_____|**\n\n**\u064a\u062d\u0628\u0641\u0638\u062e** \u064d\u062d \u064f\u0627\u0649\u064e\u0646\u0628 **\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0634\u062d**\n\n\n\n_**A household is defined as a group of people who routinely eat out of same pot and live in the same structure.**_\n\n\u064d\u0641 \u0651\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u062c\u064e\u063a . \u0651\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0649\u0649\u063b\u0628\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u063c\u064f\u063c \u0650\u064d\u064d\u0627\u0649\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0648 \u064d\u0652\u064f\u0633\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0649\u0652\u0628\u0637 \u062b\u063e\u0646\u0648 \u0650\u064d\u0644\u0639\u0634\u062d \u062b\u0623\u0651\u0647\u0628 \u064d\u062c\u064e\u0649\u063b\u062e \u064c\u064e\u062a \u062a\u063c\u0634\u064e\u0641 \u0627\n\n\n**1 Bio-data**\n**\u062b\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0628\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064f\u062e**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9470925331115723, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Bio-data", - "confidence": 0.8362365365028381, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|3.1|Type of housing \u0650\u0646\u063a\u0649\u0627 \u0639\u0649\u0651 CIRCLE ONLY ONE OPTION \u0637\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u062d\u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u064f\u062e\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u0626\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**3.1**|**1**|**2 **|**3**|**4**|\n|**3.1**|Villa / Independent House/
Apartment/
\u0641\u064f\u0644/
\u064d\u0652\u0636\u0647 \u064d\u063a\u062a\u0642\u0648/
\u063d\u0642\u062e|Separate room /
Collective shelter /
\u063a\u0634\u0641\u062e \u064d\u0652\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062e/
\u0627\u0649\u064e\u0623\u0648\u064a
\u064d\u0627\u0649\u062c\u064e\u0628\u063b
|Factory/Warehouse/ Worksite
Garage/Magasin
Unfinished shelter/Tent/
\u062e\u064f\u064e\u062e/
\u064d\u0623\u0648\u064a \u063a\u064f\u0634 \u0645\u0628\u064d\u0648/
\u064d\u0649\u0642\u063a \u063b\u064e\u0648/
\u064d\u0635\u0652\u063a/
\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0655\u062f\u0639|Pedestrian
Homeless/
\u0650\u064e\u064d\u063e\u0634\u062f /
\u064f\u062f\u0648 \u064d\u0623\u0648\u064a|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|4. \u0627\u064bWhat is the amount of the following items that the household has access to? (in usable condition)
)\u0647\u0628\u064e\u063c\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0649\u0625 \u062e\u064a\u062b\u0628\u0642 \u062e\u0649\u0628\u062d \u064d\u0641( \u061f \u062d\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u064a\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u0641\u0649\u062a\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u0649\u0628\u062a\u0649\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u063a\u0649\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u062f\u0630\u063b\u0649\u0647 \u0628\u064d|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|4.1|Mattresses/
\u0641\u0634\u063b|4.2|Beds/
\u0623\u0639\u0634\u062d|4.3|Winter
clothes
/
\u064d\u0644\u062b\u0638
\u063d\u062a\u0649\u064e\u062e|4.4|Blankets/
\u062b\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0628\u062f|4.5|Refrigerator
/
\u0628\u0632\u0627\u062f|4.6|Stove/
kitchen/
\u064a\u0655\u0642\u0630 \u063a\u0628\u0633
/
\u064a\u0637\u0628\u062e /
|4.7|Kitchen
utensils
/

\u0623\u062f\u0654\u0627\u062b
\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0637\u0628\u062e|4.8|Water
heater
/

\u064c\u0633\u062e\u0628
\u0650\u0627\u0646\u064b\u064a\u0628|\n|4.1||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___|||___||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|5.8|What is the level of education completed by the household
head ? (Write the code)
\u061f\u0629\u0632\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u0629\u0631 \u0656\u0630\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u064f\u064b\u0646\u0627 \u0649\u064a\u0647\u063c\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0656\u0655\u062e\u0633\u064a \u0655\u0652 \u0628\u064a
0 None / \u0621\u064d\u063d \u0644 \u0627 1 Below secondary/ \u062e\u064e\u0649\u0651\u0628\u062b\u0649\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u062d\u0634\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u064f\u0648\u062f
2 Secondary or higher / \u0642\u0649\u0641 \u0628\u064d\u0648 \u062e\u064e\u0649\u0651\u0628\u062b\u0649\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u062d\u0634\u064e\u0649\u0627||___||\n|---|---|---|\n|**5.2**|What is the highest completed level of education of the household member?
\u061f
\u064a\u0628
\u0655\u0652
\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0633\u062e\u0655\u0656 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u063c\u0647\u064a\u064b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063b\u0647\u0657 \u0646\u0630\u0656 \u0623\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0632\u0629
||___||\n\n\n\n\n\n|6.1|Does your household have the possibility to generate in the future income to address your needs?
\u061f \u062e\u0635\u0628\u062e\u0649\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u0628\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0625 \u062e\u064f\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062e\u0630\u0649\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0649\u0649\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0642\u062a\u063a\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u064d\u0641 \u062e\u064f\u0651\u0628\u0646\u064d\u0644\u0625\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0623 \u064a\u0630\u0649 \u0648\u0647|Col3|0 = No=\u0644\u0627|1= Yes=\u064c\u063c\u0651|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**6.2**|**If not, why?****_Circle the answer code_**
**\u0625\u0631\u0627**
**\u060c\u0644 \u0646\u064b\u0628\u0631\u0627\u061f\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0634\u062d \u062d\u0649\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u062b\u062e**|1. Lack of job opportunities
\u064b\u063b\u0630 \u062d\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0632\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645 2. Serious medical condition (temporary or long
term)\u062d\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0632\u0629 (
\u064a\u0624\u0642\u062e\u062a \u0623\u0654 \u0637\u0655\u064a\u0647\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645)
3. Disability\u0625\u063b\u0628\u0642\u062e /\u063b\u062c\u0636|1. Lack of job opportunities
\u064b\u063b\u0630 \u062d\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0632\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645 2. Serious medical condition (temporary or long
term)\u062d\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0632\u0629 (
\u064a\u0624\u0642\u062e\u062a \u0623\u0654 \u0637\u0655\u064a\u0647\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645)
3. Disability\u0625\u063b\u0628\u0642\u062e /\u063b\u062c\u0636|1. Lack of job opportunities
\u064b\u063b\u0630 \u062d\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0632\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645 2. Serious medical condition (temporary or long
term)\u062d\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0632\u0629 (
\u064a\u0624\u0642\u062e\u062a \u0623\u0654 \u0637\u0655\u064a\u0647\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645)
3. Disability\u0625\u063b\u0628\u0642\u062e /\u063b\u062c\u0636|\n\n\n**6.3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**How many household members have worked in the last 30 days?**\n\n**\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0628\u0636\u064f\u062e\u061f** **33** **\u064d\u0641 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u064e\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644 \u064d\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0639\u064b\u0647\u0649\u0627 \u0643\u0649 \u0639\u0630\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0634\u062d**\n\n\n\n\n\n|____| \uf0e0 _if 0, skip to question 7.5_\n\n_7.5_ \u064b\u0625\u0649 \u0639\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0634 \u060c \u0625\u0651\u062a\u0642\u0648\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|6.4|How many of the employments (income sources) of the last 30 days are
permanent, seasonal or temporary?
\u061f\u062e\u062a\u0642\u0624\u064a \u0648\u0623 \u062e\u064f\u064b\u0633\u0649\u064a \u060c\u062e\u064b\u0626\u0627\u062f \u064d\u0647 \u062e\u064f\u0636\u0628\u064b\u0646\u0627 33 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0625 \u064d\u0641 )\u0645\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u062f\u0628\u0635\u064a( \u064d\u064a \u0649\u0643|Permanent
\u062e\u064b\u0626\u0627\u062f
|___||Seasonal
\u062e\u064f\u064b\u0633\u0649\u064a
|___||Temporary
\u0629\u062a\u0642\u0624\u0645
|___||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**6.5**|**Skills of females above 18 years **

** \u064d\u064a\u0647\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u064f\u0634 \u0646\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0628\u062f \u064a\u064d \u063381**
** \u0633\u064f\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0649\u0642**
||||\n|**6.6**|**Skills of males above 18 years old **
** \u064d\u064a\u0647\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u064f\u0634 \u0646\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u064d \u063381**
** \u0633\u064f\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0649\u0642**||||\n\n\n13 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|6.7|In the last 30 days, what was the main source of cash/income to sustain your household?
(Use the codes below)
\u062e\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0649\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u062e\u062a\u0633\u0623( \u061f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0633\u0623 \u062e\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062e\u062f / \u0630\u0642\u064f\u0647\u0646 \u062e\u064f\u0633\u064f\u0626\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u0628\u0635\u064a \u062b\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u0649\u0647\u0623 \u064d\u0647 \u0628\u064a \u0649\u0636\u064b\u0646\u0627 \u064b\u0628\u064a\u0649\u064e 33 \u0644\u0627 \u064d\u0641||____||\n|---|---|---|\n|**1** = Income from labor/
\u0627\u0646\u0630\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u064f\u0628\u062d\u062d \u063b\u064d \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645
**2 =**Assistance, begging, gifts /

\u060c\u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0649\u062a\u063a\u0649\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0649\u0647\u062c\u0628\u062f
**3** = Remittances, informal commerce/

\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062d\u0655\u064a\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0654\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0629
\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u064b\u064a\u062a
**4** = Savings, sale of assets/
\u062b\u064f\u063a \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0649\u062c\u0649\u062f\u0627\u062f, \u0649\u064e\u0630\u062e\u0634\u0627\u062f
**5** = Debts/Loans /

\u064c\u0655\u062f\u064a / \u0642\u0632\u0654\u0636
|**1** = Income from labor/
\u0627\u0646\u0630\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u064f\u0628\u062d\u062d \u063b\u064d \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645
**2 =**Assistance, begging, gifts /

\u060c\u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0649\u062a\u063a\u0649\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0649\u0647\u062c\u0628\u062f
**3** = Remittances, informal commerce/

\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062d\u0655\u064a\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0654\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0629
\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u064b\u064a\u062a
**4** = Savings, sale of assets/
\u062b\u064f\u063a \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0649\u062c\u0649\u062f\u0627\u062f, \u0649\u064e\u0630\u062e\u0634\u0627\u062f
**5** = Debts/Loans /

\u064c\u0655\u062f\u064a / \u0642\u0632\u0654\u0636
|**1** = Income from labor/
\u0627\u0646\u0630\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u064f\u0628\u062d\u062d \u063b\u064d \u0627\u0646\u063c\u064b\u0645
**2 =**Assistance, begging, gifts /

\u060c\u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0649\u062a\u063a\u0649\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0649\u0647\u062c\u0628\u062f
**3** = Remittances, informal commerce/

\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062d\u0655\u064a\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0654\u0627\u0646\u062e\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0629
\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u064b\u064a\u062a
**4** = Savings, sale of assets/
\u062b\u064f\u063a \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0649\u062c\u0649\u062f\u0627\u062f, \u0649\u064e\u0630\u062e\u0634\u0627\u062f
**5** = Debts/Loans /

\u064c\u0655\u062f\u064a / \u0642\u0632\u0654\u0636
|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|7.|What is the estimated amount spent by the household during LAST MONTH for the following items:
\u061f\u062e\u064f\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0635\u0628\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u064b\u0647\u0639 \u064d\u0636\u0628\u064b\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0634\u0633\u0623 \u0647\u062a\u0642\u0641\u064e\u0627 \u064c\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u064c\u0634\u064e\u0630\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0646\u0627 \u0649\u0647 \u0628\u064a
Write 0 if there is no expenditure. Circle the currency used .\u062e\u064d\u0630\u062e\u062a\u063a\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u064e\u063c\u0649\u0627 \u0647\u0649\u062d \u062d\u0634\u0626\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0638 .\u062f\u0628\u0642\u0641\u0651 \u064c\u0623 \u0643\u0628\u0652\u0647 \u0638\u064f\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u062d \u064d\u0641 0 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**a. TOTAL\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 **|_________|
LBN P $|**a. TOTAL\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 **|_________|
LBN P $|**b. FOOD**(Including voucher**)**
**\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0639\u0628\u0648**
(\u062b\u064e\u0628
\u064d\u0641 \u0631\u0649\u0644
\u064c\u0627\u0649\u0642\u063a\u0628\u0626 )
|________| LBN P $|**c. **
**HOUSE RENT**
**\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u064b\u064f\u0636\u0644 **|________|
LBN P $|\n\n\n|j. CLOTHING |_________| LBN P
$
\u0629\u0628\u064f\u062b|k. STOVE |________| LBN P $
\u0635\u0628\u063a \u0630\u0642\u0649\u064d|l. TRANSPORT |_________| LBN P
$
\u062f\u0644\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0649\u064d|\n|---|---|---|\n|**m. **
**DEBT REPAYMENT** |_________|
LBN P $
\u064f\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064e\u0630 \u0627\u0649\u0630\u064e\u0649

|**n. **
**OTHER ASSETS** |_________| LBN P $
\u063b\u0652\u0628\u0635\u0634 \u0623\u062e\u0634\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0630\u062f:
||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|8.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**9.3**||||||||||\n|**1**||||||||||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|

**D**|**o you know where to buy w**|** hat yo**|** ur family needs? **


|

|||||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|

**D**|||~~ \u0651\u0646\u064a~~
~~\u0623\u0633\u0632\u062d\u0643~~
~~\u061f ~~|~~ \u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628~~
~~\u062d \u062d\u062e\u0628\u062c~~
|~~ \u0652\u0645 \u062d\u063c\u0632\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u064d \u064a\u064b\u0643\u064f\u0643 \u0634~~

|~~0= No=\u0644 ~~
\uf0e0|1 = Ye|s=
\u064c\u0651\u063c|\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|

**D**|||||||||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|

**D**|||||||||\n|

||||||||||\n\n\n\n14 of 16\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|9.2|During the last 7 days, did your household have to employ one of the following strategies to cope with a lack of food or money to buy it?
\u061f \u061f\u0647\u0626\u0627\u0634\u063e\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u0635\u0642\u0651 \u0648\u0623 \u0621\u0627\u0632\u063a\u0649\u0627 \u0635\u0642\u0651 \u063a\u064d \u0648\u064d\u0628\u063c\u062a\u064a\u0649 \u062e\u064f\u0649\u0628\u062a\u0649\u0627 \u062f\u0628\u064f\u062c\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u062d\u0625 \u063a\u062c\u062a\u062a \u064f\u0623 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0623 \u062f\u0634\u0637\u0638\u0625 \u0648\u0647 \u060c\u062e\u064f\u0638\u0628\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u063a\u062c\u063a\u0649\u0627 \u064b\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0623\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u062e\u0627|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**a**. Borrowed food or relied on help from friends or relatives
\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0649\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u063b\u062a\u064e\u0628\u062f
\u064b\u063b\u064a \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d
\u0650\u064d
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0630\u0642\u0628\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0633\u0629|**a**. Borrowed food or relied on help from friends or relatives
\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0649\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u063b\u062a\u064e\u0628\u062f
\u064b\u063b\u064a \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d
\u0650\u064d
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0630\u0642\u0628\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0633\u0629|0 = No =
\u0644
1 = Yes =
\u064c\u0651\u063c|**c.**Reduced the number of meals eaten per day or portion size of meals
\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064f\u0637 \u063b\u0630\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062c\u0628\u062f
\u064b\u0627\u0649\u0637\u063c\u0628
\u064d\u0627\u0649\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0648 \u064e\u0649\u064d\u064f\u0628 \u0623\u0648
\u064c\u062d\u062c \u0648\u062c\u062c\u0628\u062f
\u064b\u0627\u0649\u0637\u063c\u0628|\n|**b.** Spent days without eating\u0651\u062c\u0642\u064d \u0644\u064e\u0628\u064b \u0645\u0628\u064d\u064a\u062e \u064d\u0650 \u062f\u0648\u064f \u0623\u0645\u0648
|**b.** Spent days without eating\u0651\u062c\u0642\u064d \u0644\u064e\u0628\u064b \u0645\u0628\u064d\u064a\u062e \u064d\u0650 \u062f\u0648\u064f \u0623\u0645\u0648
|**b.** Spent days without eating\u0651\u062c\u0642\u064d \u0644\u064e\u0628\u064b \u0645\u0628\u064d\u064a\u062e \u064d\u0650 \u062f\u0648\u064f \u0623\u0645\u0648
|**d.**Restrict consumption by adults in order to young-small children to eat?
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643
\u0650\u064f\u0627\u0649\u062c\u0628\u0649\u063a
\u064b\u0652\u0649\u064f\u062a\u063a \u0649\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0649\u0635\u063a\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u0652\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0649\u0637\u063c\u0628\u064b
|\n\n\n\nDuring the past three months, did any member or your household borrow money or receive credit?\n**10.1** 0 = No = \u0644\u0627 1= Yes= \u064c\u0651\u063c\n\n\u064f\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0651\u0642\u0630\u064c\u061f\u064b\u063b\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0634\u062a\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0649\u062d\u0635\u0649\u0647 \u0650\u064d\u064c\u0623 \u0641\u0634\u062f \u064b\u0642\u0628 \u060c\u0627\u0649\u064e\u0628\u0638\u064f\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u063d\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0649\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u062e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|11.1|Were you in Lebanon last Winter?
\u061f \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0647|Col3|0= No= \u0644 \u0627\uf0e0|Col5|1 = Yes=\u064c\u063c\u0651|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**11.2.**|Did you receive any assistance from an agency last winter ?
\u064b\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a
\u064d\u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d \u064d\u0650 \u0642\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0647\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063c\u0652\u064f\u062e \u0641\u064d \u0627\u0649\u063e\u062a\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0628\u0638
\u061f|Did you receive any assistance from an agency last winter ?
\u064b\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a
\u064d\u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d \u064d\u0650 \u0642\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0647\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063c\u0652\u064f\u062e \u0641\u064d \u0627\u0649\u063e\u062a\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u0628\u0638
\u061f|0= No=\u0644 \uf0e0|0= No=\u0644 \uf0e0|1 = Yes=
\u064c\u0651\u063c|\n|**11.3**|If yes, did you receive
:
:\u064b\u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c\u064c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a






|If yes, did you receive
:
:\u064b\u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c\u064c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a






|If yes, did you receive
:
:\u064b\u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c\u064c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a






|If yes, did you receive
:
:\u064b\u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c\u064c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a






|If yes, did you receive
:
:\u064b\u0625\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c\u064c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064c \u063b\u064a






|\n||Blankets
Yes
No

\u062b\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0628\u062f

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644

|A heater
Yes
No
\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0649\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0641\u0626\u062e
\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644|A heater
Yes
No
\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0649\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0641\u0626\u062e
\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644|Cash or vouchers for fuel
Yes
No
\u0651\u0642\u0649\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u063a\u064f\u064e\u062e \u0649\u063e\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0649\u0649\u0642\u0649\u062f
\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644|Cash or vouchers for fuel
Yes
No
\u0651\u0642\u0649\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u063a\u064f\u064e\u062e \u0649\u063e\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0649\u0649\u0642\u0649\u062f
\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644|\n||Anything else?
\u064d\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0634\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0630\u062f
|||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|12.1|What are your concerns this winter?
\u061f \u0621\u0628\u062a\u063e\u0649\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u064c\u0646\u064e\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0634\u064f\u062b\u064e \u064d\u062a\u0649\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u062e\u064e\u0649\u0627 \u064d\u0647 \u0628\u064d|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Inability to provide shelter for my
family ?
Yes
No
\u0650\u063b\u0630\u064b \u0627\u0649\u0642\u0630\u0633\u062d \u063b\u064a\u064b \u062a\u0649\u0641\u064f\u0634 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0646
\u064d\u0644\u0639\u0634\u062a

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644



|Inability to feed my family ?
Yes
No
\u064b\u063b\u0630\u064b \u0627\u0649\u0642\u0630\u0633\u062d \u063b\u064a\u064b \u062a\u0623\u064d\u064f\u0650 \u0627\u0649\u0637\u063c\u0628
\u064d\u0644\u0639\u0634\u062a

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644

|Inability to provide warm clothes for my
family
Yes
No
\u064f\u064d\u063b\u0630\u064b \u0627\u0649\u0642\u0630\u0633\u062d \u064d\u0650 \u062a\u0623
\u064f\u0650 \u064d\u0644\u062b\u0638 \u0627\u0649\u063e\u062a\u0628\u0621
\u064d\u0644\u0639\u0634\u062a


\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644

|\n||Lack of blankets for my family ?
Yes
No

\u064d\u063b\u0630\u064b \u062a\u0623\u064d\u064f\u0650 \u062b\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0649\u063e\u062a\u0628\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u062a

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644
|Inability to heat my shelter /
home?
Yes
No
\u063b\u0630\u064b \u0627\u0649\u0642\u0630\u0633\u062d \u063b\u064a\u064b \u062a\u0623\u064d\u064f\u0650 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0636\u064d\u0628\u062f
\u0627\u0649\u0644\u0635\u064d\u062e \u0649\u062a\u0630\u0641\u0626\u062e \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0646\u0650 \u063d\u062a\u0628\u0621

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644
|Lack of anything else ? Y/N

If yes, what ?

\u063b\u0630\u064b \u062a\u0649\u0641\u0634
\u0623\u063d\u064f\u0628\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0634\u064a
\u061f

\u064c\u0651\u063c
\u0644

\u060c\u064c\u0625\u0631 \u0627\u0649\u062c\u0649\u0627\u0629 \u0651\u063c** \u062d\u0630\u062f**|\n\n\n15 of 16\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|12.2|How are you planning to cope with winter?
\u061f\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0629\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|Have the necessary items
from before
\u062d\u062e\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0646\u0630\u064a\u064f\u0628
\u0627
\u0644\u062f\u0654\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\u064a
\u062a \u064a\u064d \u0642\u0628\u0645.

||__||Will sell assets to buy items
\u0633\u0655\u0641 \u064e\u0642\u0655\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0646\u064b\u064b\u062e\u0647\u0643\u0628\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0632\u0627\u0621
.\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0634\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0634\u062e\u0628\u0621||__||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|Will purchase items
\u0633\u0655\u0641 \u064e\u0642\u0655\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0632\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0634\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0646\u0647\u0634\u062e\u0628\u0621
||__||Items were donated
\u062a\u064c \u0627\u0649\u062d\u0635\u0649\u0647 \u063b\u064a\u064f\u0647\u0628 \u064d\u0650 \u062e\u0644\u0647
\u0650\u064f\u0627\u0649\u064e\u062a\u062c\u0634\u063b
||__||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|Will purchase items on
credit
\u0633\u0655\u0641 \u064e\u0642\u0655\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0632\u0627\u0621
\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0634\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0634\u062e\u0628\u0621
\u063b\u0628\u0632
\u064c\u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0626\u062e\u064b\u0628
||__||Have received items from an
agency
\u062a\u064c \u0627\u0649\u062d\u0635\u0649\u0647 \u063b\u064a\u064f\u0647\u0628 \u064d\u0650 \u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0649\u0649\u0645\u0628\u0644\u062f

||__||\n|None
\u0644 \u063d\u064d\u0621|Will purchase items on
credit
\u0633\u0655\u0641 \u064e\u0642\u0655\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0632\u0627\u0621
\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0634\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0634\u062e\u0628\u0621
\u063b\u0628\u0632
\u064c\u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0626\u062e\u064b\u0628
||__||Expecting to receive items from
an agency
\u064b\u0651\u062a\u0649\u0642\u063a \u0627\u0649\u062d\u0635\u0649\u0647 \u063b\u064a
\u064d\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0636\u064d\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0649\u063e\u062a\u0628\u0621
\u064d\u0650 \u0642\u062c\u0648
\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0649\u062e
/\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0644\u062f
\u064d\u063c\u064f\u0652\u062e
||__||\n\n\n\n\n\n.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|13. OTHER ASSISTANCE
\u0656\u0632\u062e\u0623 \u062b\u0627\u0630\u063b\u0628\u0633\u064a|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**_1_3.1**|Did your household receive other/in-kind assistance during this month?**1**=Yes;**2**=No
\u0652\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0632\u062d\u0643 \u063b\u0647\u0657 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062b \u063b\u064a\u064f\u064a\u062a/\u0623\u062e\u0632\u0656 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0652\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0653\u0632\u061f8
-
\u064e\u063c\u0649 :
2
- \u0644|Did your household receive other/in-kind assistance during this month?**1**=Yes;**2**=No
\u0652\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0632\u062d\u0643 \u063b\u0647\u0657 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062b \u063b\u064a\u064f\u064a\u062a/\u0623\u062e\u0632\u0656 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0652\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0653\u0632\u061f8
-
\u064e\u063c\u0649 :
2
- \u0644|Did your household receive other/in-kind assistance during this month?**1**=Yes;**2**=No
\u0652\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0632\u062d\u0643 \u063b\u0647\u0657 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062b \u063b\u064a\u064f\u064a\u062a/\u0623\u062e\u0632\u0656 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0652\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0653\u0632\u061f8
-
\u064e\u063c\u0649 :
2
- \u0644|Did your household receive other/in-kind assistance during this month?**1**=Yes;**2**=No
\u0652\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0632\u062d\u0643 \u063b\u0647\u0657 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0627\u062b \u063b\u064a\u064f\u064a\u062a/\u0623\u062e\u0632\u0656 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0652\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0653\u0632\u061f8
-
\u064e\u063c\u0649 :
2
- \u0644||\n|**Organization providing**
**assistance**
\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0653\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u064a \u062d\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0630\u063b\u0649|**Organization providing**
**assistance**
\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0653\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u064a \u062d\u0655\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0630\u063b\u0649|**Frequency of Assistance (1st time,**
**monthly, randomly, don\u2019t know)**
\u063b\u0630\u062f \u064d\u0634\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0649\u064e\u063a\u0628\u063b\u0630\u062d :
\u0649\u064e\u0634\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0630\u062d
\u060c\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c\u063d\u0647\u0634\u064e\u062e
\u064d\u0649\u0639\u064e\u064f\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u064d\u0624\u0642\u062a\u062e)\u064c\u060c\u0644 \u0623\u063b\u064a|**Type of assistance**
\u064e\u0655\u063b\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0629
|**Quantity of assistance**
\u0643\u064b\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0629|**Quantity of assistance**
\u0643\u064b\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0646\u064b\u0633\u0628\u063b\u0630\u0629|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n16 of 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/882f6cff-062c-30b3-be1d-c732795000fa/Winterisation2013-14baselinereport.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_756/raw/doc_756_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_756/raw/doc_756_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2eb1da622bf9715f756b2161b976f8172328a7cc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_756/raw/doc_756_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,289 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Public\n\n\n# **Ukraine Winterisation Recommendations**\n## **2023-2024**\n\nVersion 1.0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1 Table of Contents**\n\n**2** **CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................ 2**\n\n**3** **DEFINITION OF WINTERISATION ................................................................................ 3**\n\n\n**3.1** **What is Winterization? ........................................................................................................................................... 3**\n\n\n**3.2** **When is Winter? ........................................................................................................................................................ 3**\n\n\n**3.3** **Reporting on Winterization activities vs Regular activities?................................................................... 3**\n\n**4** **GEOGRAPHICAL AND POPULATION GROUPS PRIORITIZATION .................................... 4**\n\n\n**4.1** **Prioritization Matrix 2023-24** **.................................................................................................................................... 4**\n\n\n**4.2** **Areas of Intervention** **.................................................................................................................................................. 4**\n\n\n**4.3** **Target Groups ............................................................................................................................................................ 5**\n\n4.3.1 Displaced families in Collective Sites (CSs) ........................................................................................................... 5\n4.3.2 Non-displaced families in war-damaged areas .................................................................................................... 6\n4.3.3 Non-displaced and returnee families in damaged houses .............................................................................. 6\n4.3.4 Displaced, non-displaced and returnee families in substandard houses ................................................. 6\n4.3.5 Displaced, hosting, non-displaced and returnee families not able to pay for utility bills ................. 7\n\n**5** **ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................. 8**\n\n\n**5.1** **Winterisation non-food items** **................................................................................................................................... 8**\n5.1.1 Household winterisation items ................................................................................................................................... 8\n5.1.2 Invincibility kits ................................................................................................................................................................. 8\n5.1.3 Winter clothing .................................................................................................................................................................. 9\n5.1.4 Home heating appliances ............................................................................................................................................... 9\n5.1.5 Provision of Solid fuel .................................................................................................................................................. 11\n5.1.6 Cash for utilities .............................................................................................................................................................. 12\n\n\n**5.2** **Critical winterisation repairs** **.................................................................................................................................. 12**\n5.2.1 Repair in Collective Sites............................................................................................................................................. 12\n5.2.2 Insulation of substandard houses ........................................................................................................................... 12\n5.2.3 Rental Assistance............................................................................................................................................................ 14\n\n\n**5.3** **Note on Quality Control for In-Kind Assistance ......................................................................................... 15**\n\n\n**5.4** **Note Regarding the Recommended Prices in This Document .............................................................. 15**\n\n**6** **ENGAGEMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT ................................................................. 16**\n\n**7** **BENEFICIARY SELECTION .......................................................................................... 18**\n\n**8** **WINTERISATION POST-DISTRIBUTION MONITORING ............................................... 19**\n\n**9** **APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 20**\n\n\n**9.1** **Thermal Envelope** **..................................................................................................................................................... 20**\n\n\n**9.2** **Draft of the content for the Invincibility Kit** **........................................................................................................ 21**\n\n\n**9.3** **Awareness about Carbon Monoxide Poisoning** **.................................................................................................. 22**\n\n\n**9.4** **Average monthly temperatures 2015 \u2013 2023** **...................................................................................................... 23**\n\n\n\nCover photo credit: Solid fuel distribution by org. CORE / Photographer: Nazarii Parkhomyk\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **2 Context and objectives**\n\nIt is estimated [1] that since February 2022 more than 1.4 million housing units have been damaged over\none-third of the damaged units are destroyed, while two-thirds are partially damaged. The upcoming\nwinter 2023-2024 will have a special impact on various groups of people, including internally displaced\npersons (IDPs), those who are not displaced in conflict affected areas, returnees, and host\ncommunities. Collective sites are often ill-equipped and require regular maintenance. Additionally,\nIDPs are frequently housed in privately rented homes that, like most of the housing in Ukraine, may\nlack proper insulation. Returnees and non-displaced individuals also face similar insulation challenges\nin their homes, and the situation is worsened by conflict-related damages such as leaking roofs, broken\nwindows, and damaged perimeter walls, which compromise the thermal integrity of the houses.\n\nFurthermore, damages or a lack of maintenance have also affected the heating systems in collective\nsites, as well as individual houses and apartments. Every aspect of these systems, including water\nheaters, electricity grids, gas and hot water pipelines, internal pipes, radiators, and stoves, needs to be\nreactivated, repaired, or replaced. Portable heating appliances should be provided in cases where the\nheating system is non-existent or cannot be restored. Solid fuel and stoves should also be supplied,\neven in cases where access to coal or firewood markets is restricted or regular suppliers refuse to\ndeliver. The damages to collective heating systems and electricity facilities and grid will promote the\nuse of most solid fuels, whose cost have been increased. The destruction of the Nova Kakhovka\nhydroelectric plant and the restriction of use in the other hydroelectric plants upstream of the Dnipro\nRiver may have a considerable impact on energy coverage during winter months. Even with full access\nto functioning heating systems, many families will find it difficult to pay for heating, due to the rising\ncost of living, loss of income and depletion of savings during displacement.\n\nIn addition to addressing heating issues, there is a need for essential household items such as warm\nwinter clothing, thermal underwear, blankets, and quilts to displaced individuals, returnees, and all\nthose affected by the conflict who have lost their belongings, lack access to markets, or cannot afford\nto purchase essential winter items. These provisions can be made either in-kind or through cash\nassistance specifically for winter preparations.\n\nThe 2023-2024 Winterisation plan builds on last year's experiences, lessons learned and stakeholder\nfeedback. These activities and the associated procurement chains will require considerable time and\nfinancial resources. The Government of Ukraine is taking the lead in preparing and implementing\nWinterisation initiatives, while humanitarian agencies will play a complementary role in this aspect as\nwell.\n\n\n[1 Ukraine Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment February 2023 (RDNA2)](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099184503212328877/pdf/P1801740d1177f03c0ab180057556615497.pdf)\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **3 Definition of Winterisation**\n#### **3.1 What is Winterization?**\n\nWinterization in Ukraine refers to the process of preparing and adapting humanitarian interventions\nor aid operations to effectively address the specific challenges posed by winter conditions in the whole\nUkraine. It involves a set of guidance aimed at ensuring the well-being of affected populations during\nthe cold winter months. Winterization for the shelter cluster is referring mainly to the life-saving\nactivities to deliver essential relief to the vulnerable population, ensuring they receive necessary\nassistance and protection during harsh winter conditions.\n#### **3.2 When is Winter?**\n\nThe duration of cold winter has been set and agreed by cluster partners to be from beginning of\nOctober until the end of April each year for a period of seven months. (see the annex 9.4)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe duration of cold winter\nperiod\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **3.3 Reporting on Winterization activities vs Regular activities?**\n\nPlease be informed that all winter activities mentioned in our activity chapter (Chapter 5) are reported\nunder the winterization category within the shelter cluster. While these activities can be conducted\nthroughout the whole year (May - May), their primary objective is to enhance the beneficiaries'\nthermal comfort during the winter season and can be reported to cluster any time of the year.\n\nIt is important to acknowledge that the regular shelter/NFI activities also contribute to improving\nthermal comfort, they will be included in our cluster achievement report for winter accomplishments.\nHowever, they are not being considered as part of the winterization activities in the winter HRP budget\nplan.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **4 Geographical and Population Groups prioritization**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|NFIs|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|SHELTER|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||_Recommended_
_winterization_
_activities and_
_implementation_
_modalities by area_|HH winterization
items|Invincibility
kits|
Winter
clothing|Heating
Appliances|Solid
Fuel|Cash
for
Utilities|Repair in
CSs|
Insulation
of houses|Cash for
rent|\n|**WESTERN**
**HUB**|areas with high
concentration of
collective sites|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|||Cash
or
In-kind||Cash|\n|**WESTERN**
**HUB**|areas with high
concentration of
IDPs renting
accommodation or
being hosted|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind||Cash|||Cash|\n|**CENTRAL &**
**NORTHERN**
**HUB**|areas with high
concentration of
collective sites|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|||Cash
or
In-kind||Cash|\n|**CENTRAL &**
**NORTHERN**
**HUB**|areas with high
concentration of
IDPs renting
accommodation or
being hosted
|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind||Cash|||Cash|\n|**CENTRAL &**
**NORTHERN**
**HUB**|newly accessible
area, areas with
difficult access to
services and
markets|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|||Cash
Or
In-kind||\n|**CENTRAL &**
**NORTHERN**
**HUB**|frontline and
isolated areas|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|||In-kind||\n|**CENTRAL &**
**NORTHERN**
**HUB**|areas with
concentration of
damaged houses
and apartments|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash|||Cash|\n|**EASTERN HUB**|newly accessible
area, areas with
difficult access to
services and
markets|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|||Cash
Or
In-kind||\n|**EASTERN HUB**|areas with high
concentration of
collective sites|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|||Cash
or
In-kind||Cash|\n|**EASTERN HUB**|frontline and
isolated areas|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|In-kind|Cash||In-kind||\n|**EASTERN HUB**|areas with
concentration of
damaged houses
and apartments|Cash
or
In-kind|In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash
or
In-kind|Cash|
||Cash|\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **4.2 Areas of Intervention**\n\n**Note** : the division in\ngeographical areas\nmatches the Shelter cluster\nhubs division.\nThe division itself is to be\nintended as indicative and\nthe purpose is purely to\ngroup together oblasts\nwith similar needs and\ncontext, to make these\nrecommendations easier\nto draft and consult.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The focus of the assistance will be different, depending on the geographical areas:\n\n - **Western, Central and Northern hubs**\n\n - Areas with high concentrations of collective Sites\n\n - Areas with high concentration of IDPs renting accommodation or being hosted\n\n - **Central, Northern, and Eastern hubs**\n\n - Areas with high concentrations of collective Sites\n\n - Newly accessible areas; areas with difficult access to services and markets\n\n - Frontline and isolated areas\n\n - Areas with concentration of damaged houses and apartments\n\n\n\n\n\nThe prioritised target groups are as following:\n**4.3.1** **Displaced families in Collective Sites (CSs)** **[ 2]**\nAccording to CCCM cluster, there is around 112,000 [3] people living in collective Site.\nAssessments [4] indicate that a significant number of these CSs will require interventions to make\nthem ready for the winter season (14 % of assessed CSs reported lack of insulation, 32% need\nwindows repairs, 13% reported leaking roofs, 14% electricity problems\u2026) while over one\n\n\n2 Please be informed that at times, the terms \"Collective Sites\" (CSs) and \"Collective Centers\" (CCs) are used\ninterchangeably. However, for the context of this document, it is understood that they refer to the same concept.\n3 Information taken from CCCM Cluster\u2019s master list.\n4 Ukraine: [Collective Site Monitoring: Round 7 (march 2023) (link)](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-collective-site-monitoring-round-7-march-2023-brief)\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "quarter (27%) of the CSs reported the need of an additional heating source, including\ngenerators (63%), electric heaters (47%) and solid fuel boilers (17%).\n**4.3.2** **Non-displaced families in war-damaged areas**\nThis target group includes particularly vulnerable people living in isolated villages or\nneighbourhoods not connected to main energy and heating distribution grids and where the\ndelivery of solid fuel may result problematic or simply expensive due to the security situation.\nThere are areas in Kharkivska, Sumska, Chernihivska, Zhytomyrska, Odeska, Mykolaivska,\nKhersonska and Kyivska oblasts were identified as \u2018at-risk\u2019 areas by the Government due to\nextensive damages to the infrastructure. Especially during 2023 and aftermath of explosion of\nthe Nova Kakhovka dam, USC considers Zaporizhka and Dnipropetrovska oblasts also as \u2018atrisk\u2019 areas. Mykolaiv Oblast and Khersonska Oblast are regions that lack significant resources\nin terms of firewood due to their steppe terrain, devoid of forests or similar natural sources.\nWhile they do have formal forestry establishments, all the firewood required in these regions\nis imported from the Northern branches of the state forestry.\nThis situation adds an additional layer of risk and vulnerability for the beneficiaries residing in\nthese areas, as the prices of firewood could potentially soar due to the high delivery costs\ninvolved.\nBy 2022, the war has caused a significant damage to public utilities and infrastructure in many\nareas, which left over 650,000 people across Ukraine without access to electricity and gas and\nan additional population at risk of losing access to heating due to potential war-related\ndamage to centralised heating systems the actual numbers could be much higher during 202324. The specific focus of the strikes throughout 2022-23 suggests that Russian attacks have\npredominantly targeted energy infrastructure. It is probable that this trend will continue in\n2023-24. In buildings where heating systems exist, hostilities of the war and inability to repair\ndamage have left them functioning sub-optimal. With a risk of further damage during the\nwinter months, contingency solutions are critical.\nMany affected communities face significant limitations in accessing functioning markets for\nsolid fuel, stoves, winter clothes, and other winter essentials. Availability of safe/ affordable\ntransportation to and from markets is varied. Areas particularly impacted by market access\nconstraints include regions of Mykolaivska, Sumska, Khersonska and Kharkhivska oblasts near\nthe front line, with large areas of the occupied Donbas region remaining inaccessible.\nPossible liberation of any new territories will lead to additional case load of non-displaced\nfamilies in de-occupied areas.\n**4.3.3** **Non-displaced and returnee families in damaged houses**\n\nIn half of the assessed locations where 40 percent or more of the residential structures have\nbeen damaged or destroyed by war had a rate of return of 60-100 percent, indicating that\nsome returnees are likely to be living in damaged shelters in these locations. [ 5]\n**4.3.4** **Displaced, non-displaced and returnee families in substandard houses**\nReference is to:\n\n(a) displaced families, with limited budget, who found a basic accommodation often in\nrural or small urban areas where living costs are lower than in bigger towns.\nAlthough local authorities have provided basic refurbishment to some of the\ndwellings they have allocated to IDPs, many are expected to be still in need of\nmaintenance and repairs or at least of further interventions to improve insulation.\nEven some partners have observed that in areas close to the frontline (E.G.\nZaporizka oblast), there are people living in impoverished conditions, some\nreportedly are residing in sheds.\n(b) non-displaced and returnee families who live in or returned to their own houses, in\nisolated or newly accessible areas in central and eastern oblasts.\n\n\n[5 Ukraine \u2014 Conditions of Return Assessment Factsheet \u2014 Round 2 (March - April 2023)](https://unhcr365.sharepoint.com/teams/RBE-SCU/Shared%20Documents/General/03.%20Technical%20Coordination/TWiG%20Winterization/2023-24/_Shelter_%20WASH_%20FSLivelihoods_%20Education%20Clusters_%20Winterization%20review%20meetings%20with%20consultant%20next%20week.msg)\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Their houses may not be damaged by war, but still need maintenance and repairs\nor at least of improved insulation. This is because they have been left vacant for an\nextended period without any upkeep.\n\n**Important:** substandard houses exist in all oblasts, all over the country and independently from the\nconflict; as far as the insulation of substandard houses is concerned, the focus of shelter agencies in\nthis winterisation response will be on the three target groups mentioned above (displaced, nondisplaced and returnees), and limited to isolated or newly accessible areas in central and eastern\noblasts.\n\n\n**4.3.5** **Displaced, hosting, non-displaced and returnee families not**\n**able to pay for utility bills**\nParticularly vulnerable IDPs renting apartments or families hosting IDPs with increased\nconsumption of electrifies & heating, as well as non-displaced people or families returning to\ntheir houses in war-damaged areas may not have the financial resources to cover utility bills\nduring winter months. MPC (multi-purpose cash) grants may not be sufficient to cover the\nincreased costs and a dedicated additional timely grant support may be needed.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **5 Activities**\n\n\n\n\n\nactivities as recommended and prioritized for their winterisation response plans:\n#### **5.1 Winterisation non-food items**\n\nFinancial constraints limit the purchasing capacity of displaced non-displaced and returnee families.\nThis includes winterisation items used for personal insulation or for the heating of living spaces.\n\nIn the past years, winterisation programmes that helped people purchase basic winter items had in\ngeneral a particularly relevant impact and are, now more than before, to be considered as a priority\nfor the winterisation response.\n\nIt is crucial that the provision of winterisation NFIs should always be informed by an assessment of\nlocal markets, to help the decision on the implementation modality (in-kind vs cash).\n\nItems listed in Activities 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 are not to be considered (procured, distributed and reported) as\na kit. Some items, though - in particular those under List A, in Activity 5.1.1 - are already included in one\nor more of the other Cluster\u2019s standard kits (namely: Displaced and non-displaced HHs; Non-displaced\nHHs in bomb-shelters; CC equipping). Agencies are recommended to consider - whenever possible - the\ndistribution of the entire kit instead of the distribution of single items. For more information on reporting,\nplease seek guidance by contacting shelter cluster.\n**5.1.1** **Household winterisation items**\n**(distribution of NFIs to increase individual thermal comfort)**\nThis activity covers the distribution of winterisation items that are not already included in other\nsections of Activity Group 1 (see 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4 here below).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|List A|Col2|Col3|List B|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|\uf0a7
mattresses|40-50 USD|
|\uf0a7
quilts
|15-18 USD|\n|\uf0a7
sleeping bags|35-45 USD|
|\uf0a7
rescue blanket foils6
|3-5 USD|\n|

\uf0a7
high thermal blankets|18-22 USD|
|\uf0a7
thermos flasks
|10-20 USD|\n|

\uf0a7
high thermal blankets|18-22 USD||\uf0a7
portable stove + dry fuel (or
candles)|13-17 USD|\n\n\n**(distribution of NFIs to increase collective thermal comfort)**\nAn \"invincibility kit\" is a new modality of response introduced by the Shelter Cluster in Ukraine to\nprepare and equip invincibility points and bomb shelters, which are spaces designed to protect the\n\n\n6 Items like rescue blankets should be accompanied by a user manual to provide clear instructions for their use to the\nintended beneficiaries.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "civilian population during acts of aggression from Russian federation. These points have been\nidentified as potentially under-equipped and in need of humanitarian assistance, as reported by the\ngovernment. For 2023, the Shelter Cluster replaced its previous \"bomb shelter kit,\" which was a family\nkit system, with the more comprehensive and efficient \"invincibility kit.\"\nThe \"invincibility kit\" is specifically designed to cater to larger groups, accommodating up to 20\nindividuals, to ensure the protection and resilience of a greater number of people during Russian\nattacks and maintain the preparedness for the shelters for longer period of time.\nWe include winterisation items to equip invincibility points and bomb shelters for individuals and\ncollective use such as sleeping items, kettle, emergency generator, etc. (See annex 9.2)\n**5.1.3** **Winter clothing**\n**(distribution of warm clothes to increase individual thermal comfort)**\nItems in the list are not to be considered (procured, distributed and reported) as a kit. At the same\ntime, the Shelter/NFI Cluster does not encourage partners to provide partial assistance to families' in\nneeds.\n_Table 3 - Winter clothing set_\n\n|Winter Clothing set
Composition and indicative prices 2023-2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Item**|
**Cost**|
**Cost**|
**Item**|**Cost**|**Cost**|\n|Winter jacket|85-105|USD|Winter hat|5-8|USD|\n|Winter boots|40-60|USD|Winter scarf|5-8|USD|\n|

Thick socks|
5-8|USD|Thermal underwear|40-50|USD|\n\n\n\n**(distribution of heaters to increase living spaces thermal comfort)**\nHome heating appliances include electric and solid fuel heaters, stoves and other heating appliances\nto heat rooms in homes and in reception, transit and collective Sites.\n\n**Electric heaters** are safe and easy to use, and therefore preferable to solid fuel heaters, especially for\nelderly and people with limited mobility. Moreover, they often represent the only option in multiapartment buildings. Please note that the downside of this modality is of course the power outages\nduring the winter.\n\n_Table 4 -Electric heating - Home kit_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Electric heating - Home kit
Recommended quantities (per HH) and indicative prices 2023-2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Item**|
**Q.ty**|
**Unit cost**|
**Unit cost**|
**SubTotal**|
**SubTotal**|
**Specifications**
|\n|
Electric heater
convector or Oil-filled|
1 pc|
150|
USD|
150|
USD|
Power: max 1.5kw
Wall-mounted and self-standing
Type A: convector with steel or ceramic surface
Or
Type B: Oil-filled radiators|\n|Fuse|1 pc|3|USD|3|USD|
16A, Type - C|\n|Cable
|15 m|0.9|
USD|13|USD|15 meters of cable (3 x 2.5 mm)|\n|Foil polyethylene
foam canvas|10 m2|3|
USD|30|USD|Thickness: 0.4 cm minimum|\n|
Mounting foam
|1 pc|7.3|USD|7|USD|850 ml bottle|\n|Windows acrylic
sealant|3 pc|3|
USD|9|USD|300 ml tube
operating temperature range: -200C / +750C|\n|

**TOTAL**|

**TOTAL**|

**TOTAL**|

**TOTAL**|
**212**|
USD|
|\n\n\nhumanitarian agencies planning large distributions of electric heaters in the same apartment building or\nin a collective Sites, should also make sure that the wiring is adequate to support the increased load, and\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "replace it whenever needed. This may prove expensive and time consuming; and also, for this reason the\nrecommendation is to stick to the Shelter Cluster principle of a targeted winterisation assistance. In cases\nof distribution of heaters in CSs, it is advised to discuss with the CC\u2019s designated electrician.\n\n**Solid fuel heaters** Even though this modality is energy sufficient/economical and can be used during\ndisruption of electricity and gas, it requires loading, cleaning and a place to store coal, firewood,\npellets, etc; moreover, they are less safe than other options (Risk for fire, carbon monoxide\nintoxication [7], child safety). For these reasons, they are moderately not recommended in urban settings\n(especially in apartment buildings) and for elderly and people with limited mobility, However the need\nassessment can still show the data that justifies this modality. There has been reports from the field\nthat some rural and peri-urban areas and even occasionally urban areas that rely on solid fuel heaters.\n\n_Table 5 - Solid fuel heating - Home kit_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Solid fuel heating - Home kit
Recommended quantities (per HH) and indicative prices 2023-2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Item**|
**Q.ty**|
**Unit cost**|
**Unit cost**|
**SubTotal**|
**SubTotal**|
**Specifications**
|\n|Solid fuel heater
stove*|1 pc|200-400
**|USD|200-400|USD|Indicative price for locally manufactured**_Burzhuika_**
stoves (cast iron or steel; heating area = 35 m2)
example product:**_Buleryan_** (classic, steel; heating
area = 40 m2)|\n|Exhaust pipe|1 pc|250|USD|250|USD|5 m + wall cross + Insulated|\n|Galvanized iron sheet|1 pc|20|USD|20|USD|1 x 2 x 0.0005m|\n|Foiled polyethylene
foam canvas|10 m2|55|USD|55|USD|8mm thickness (+screws+ batons)|\n|Windows acrylic
sealant|3 pc|3
|USD
|9
|USD
|300 ml tube
operating temperature range: -200C\u2026+750C
|\n|**TOTAL:**|**TOTAL:**|**TOTAL:**|**TOTAL:**|**634**|USD||\n|Solid fuel supply
**Example: Fire wood**|6 m3|85|USD|510|USD||\n|**TOTAL with fuel:**|**TOTAL with fuel:**|**TOTAL with fuel:**|**TOTAL with fuel:**|**1144**
|USD||\n|**OR**
|**OR**
|**OR**
|**OR**
|**OR**
|**OR**
|**OR**
|\n|Solid fuel supply
**Example: Coal**|2.25
MT|450|USD|
1015|USD|Example: Coal is referenced here particularly for
NGCA. But other parts of country could still be in
need of coal as well.|\n|**TOTAL with Coal:**|**TOTAL with Coal:**|**TOTAL with Coal:**|**TOTAL with Coal:**|**1649**|USD|
|\n\n\n\n*There is a certain type of Burzhuika that are suitable for enclosed spaces and can be used for cooking. For smaller\nenclosed housing unitss we recommend these. The latest reported price is around 200 $.\n\n**The 400 $ Burzuika may not have the cooking option, and it is more suitable for larger areas and open spaces.\n\nHowever, as per the past years\u2019 experience with winterisation support, the provision of solid fuel stoves\n\n- like the locally manufactured _Burzhuika_ [8] or the popular product _Buleryan(which is a type of Burzhuika)_ proves to be an effective response in case of disruption of gas and electricity supplies, as it is often the\ncase in the aftermath of damages to civilian infrastructure.\n\nThe distribution of solid fuel heaters should be limited to areas where purchase and delivery of coal,\nwood, pellets, etc. are feasible; and should always be complemented by the provision of the\nrecommended amount of solid fuel (see 5.1.4). These areas could even include\nnon-governmental controlled areas (NGCA).\n\nAgencies distributing heaters and stoves should also make sure that beneficiaries receive adequate\ninformation on how to operate them safely and are aware of potential risks, including that represented by\n\n\n7 Please see annex 9.3\n8 For instruction and safety manual, please refer to the safety manual prepared by PiN via this [LINK.](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/xvqv1b2c0kvye2x2ud3uz/Solid-fuel-stove-Safety-manual_instalation.pdf?rlkey=iojlao4v7emoqsal5kueo2e3k&dl=0)\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the use of materials containing asbestos; agencies distributing heating appliances - repairing or connecting\nto existing heating and hot water systems - must be aware that in Ukraine asbestos was only outlawed in\nSeptember 2021. As such, asbestos has been extensively used both as insulation inside boilers and heaters,\nand as lagging to insulate pipes, as well as reinforcing in cement piping. [9]\n**5.1.5** **Provision of Solid fuel**\n\n**(in-kind distribution of coal, firewood, briquettes, pellets for solid fuel heaters)**\n\nPriority areas for the distribution of solid fuel will be newly accessible areas and isolated locations\nwhere solid fuel heaters are used but access to market is difficult, dangerous, or expensive as a\nconsequence of the conflict. In these areas, cash approaches do not meet local needs, and the only\navailable implementation modality is in-kind distribution.\n\nMore than in the past, Cluster partners are highly recommended, in the coming winterisation, to\nconsider working in close cooperation with state actors, as opposed to the usual procurement through\ncommercial companies. Preference for this approach comes as a clear and frequent request from local\nauthorities but also ministries and applies in particular to the procurement of firewood: The State\nForest Resources Agency acts also as a producer and supplier and has offered to provide the entire\nquantities needed by humanitarian agencies for their winterisation programs of in the country at stateregulated price (generally lower than market prices). Please be informed that prices can vary greatly\nbased on region, for example coal in some areas of Donetsk can have lower value compare to Summy\nor Chernihiv.\n\n_Table 6 - Heating sources_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Heating sources - Equivalence table
Quantities for one HH for one season* and indicative prices 2023-2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**kind**|
**quantity**|
**quantity**|
**unit**|
**unit**
**price**
(USD)|
**tot cost**
(USD/ season)|
**notes**|\n|**Coal**|recommended|4|MT|
450|**1800**|Unit price does not include transportation.|\n|**Coal**|minimum|2|MT|MT|**900**|**900**|\n|**Firewood**|recommended|8|m3|85|**680**|Unit price does not include transportation.
Cheaper than coal, but requires tending.
Not recommended for elderly or disabled
persons.|\n|**Firewood**|minimum|4|m3|m3|**340**|**340**|\n|**Briquettes**|recommended|4.5|MT|320|**1440**|Unit price does not include transportation.
Easier to handle than coal. Recommended
in case of unavailability of coal.|\n|**Briquettes**|minimum|2.25|MT|MT|**720**|**720**|\n|**Pellets**|recommended|6.0|MT|300|**1800**|Unit price does not include transportation.
Easier to handle than coal (recommended
for elderly); requires special stoves.|\n|**Pellets**|minimum|3.0|MT|MT|**900**|**900**|\n|**Gas**|recommended|2,400|m3|8|**19200**||\n|**Gas**|minimum|1,200|m3|m3|**9600**|**9600**|\n|**Electricity**|recommended|13,500|kW|2.65|**35.775**||\n|**Electricity**|minimum|7,000|kW|kW|**18.550**|**18.550**|\n|**Centralised**
**heating**|recommended|15|Gcal|65|**975**|Recommended amount of assistance refers
to the whole season (6 months). The
minimal amount means coverage of 3
winter months.|\n|**Centralised**
**heating**|minimum|7.5|Gcal|Gcal|**412.5**|**412.5**|\n\n\n\n_***Note**_ _: the table above compares the costs of different sources of heating; its purpose is to provide guidance when choosing the type of_\n_intervention. The suggested \u201c_ _**quantity for one family for one season**_ _\u201d refers to the indicative rough average quantity necessary for each type_\n_of source to produce 20 gigacalories, which is here assumed to be roughly equal to 80% of the heating needs of an average family (which is_\n\n\n[9 For Information regarding asbestos and associated guidelines, please refer to Shelter Cluster Ukraine website.](https://sheltercluster.org/ukraine/documents/ukraine-asbestos-resources)\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_set to be 3 according to the HRP) for one winter (for \u201cCentralised Heating\u201d, though, the recommended quantity is set at 10 Gcal in_\n_consideration of the smaller volume of apartments, compared to individual houses). \u201c_ _**One season**_ _\u201d refers to the winter period from 15 October_\n_until 15 April._\n\n\n**5.1.6** **Cash for utilities**\n\n**(provision of grants to cover increased utility bills)**\nThis activity aims at providing timely and adequate financial support to the groups listed above; the\ngrant will cover additional utilities costs that families (including host families) are going to face in\nwinter months, and for which - at least for most vulnerable families within those groups - MPC (multipurpose cash) grants may be insufficient or not timely.\nPlease note that in some cases the HHs are still dealing with debts for the utilities from the previous\nyear. And in cases of extremely vulnerable cases we recommend to cover the debts as part of this\nactivity.\nFor calculation of the amount, Reference is Table 6 (heating sources), which indicates a system to\ncalculate, for different heating sources or systems (coal, electricity, gas, etc.), a comparable \u201cper family\nper season consumption\u201d and - based on that - provides indications on the expectable cost associated\nto each source or system.\nThis activity is meant to assist:\n\na. IDPs renting houses or hosted by host families\nb. non-displaced and returnees\nc. families hosting IDPs (Prykhyvstok program) [ 10]\nThe Government of Ukraine Prykhyvstok program provides cash assistance to help vulnerable host\nfamilies cover the additional costs related to hosting a displaced family in their house for free; and\naims at encouraging hosting as an alternative option to cover temporary shelter gaps. This activity\nis implemented by Ukrainian Red Cross Society (URCS) as a partner of choice of the Ministry of\nReintegration; and is regulated by a Government decree. The cash transfer value is defined by the\nGovernment decree and doubled during winter months to cover additional winter expenditure.\nProviding around 900 UAH per IDP hosted per month the during winter months. This humanitarian\nassistance complements other government's aid efforts and applicants are deduplicated via\ngovernment systems; verification, payments and monitoring are done via the integrated URCS Cash\nPlatform with added accountability measures. The Prykhystok programme has been implemented\nsince April 2022, originally under the Ministry of Communities and Territorial Development,\ntransitioning to the Ministry of Reintegration in May 2023.\n\n#### **5.2 Critical winterisation repairs**\n\n**5.2.1** **Repair in Collective Sites**\n\n**(critical shelter interventions to guarantee minimum heat retention and winter efficiency)**\n\nRepairs in CSs include \u201cregular\u201d works (not classifiable as \u201cwinterisation\u201d) like fixing leaking roofs,\nreplacing inefficient windows and sealing gaps, with the aim at assuring minimum insulation standards\n(restoration of the \u201cthermal envelope\u201d, in all similar to the scope of light and medium repairs of houses\nand apartments, please see the annex 9.1).\n\nWinterisation interventions in CSs may include the repair of the existing or the installation of a new\nheating system, where necessary.\n**5.2.2** **Insulation of substandard houses**\n\n**(shelter interventions to improve heat retention and winter efficiency)**\n\nWorks recommended under this activity are not part of \u201cregular\u201d emergency house repairs; they\ninclude instead works - like the replacement of old windows with new more energy-efficient windows\nand the installation of ceiling insulation panels - that can be considered as a \u201ctop-up\u201d to regular light,\n\n[10 For Information regarding Prykhyvstok program, please refer to link [UA].](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furl6.mailanyone.net%2Fscanner%3Fm%3D1qVSqv-0006zg-4M%26d%3D4%257Cmail%252F90%252F1692001200%252F1qVSqv-0006zg-4M%257Cin6a%257C57e1b682%257C28201117%257C13659367%257C64D9E4695F103EEC37A2C1E7928D3BF7%26o%3D%252Fphtr%253A%252Fptskyykgto.hs%252Fau.vo%26s%3DhepXbSEtw_8y2LmghUC_M-KP0M4&data=05%7C01%7Cbehrooz.taleb%40drc.ngo%7C7e4b652e93694b846fd908db9cabb1c9%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C638276033459569527%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=5rAXPSXr7POfxsGgVXBqdCVcwJMeZi%2BtbKmSWRK3r2U%3D&reserved=0)\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "medium and heavy repairs. Please be aware that it is of utmost importance to consider asbestos\nguidelines when selecting insulation materials in the market, as some products may potentially contain\nasbestos. [ 11] .\n\nUnlike regular home repairs, though, target of this activity will not be limited to houses damaged by\nmilitary activities, but will include:\n\n(a) houses recently allocated to displaced families that were not part of the government\nprogramme of thermal upgrades or that require complementary interventions;\n(b) substandard houses where IDPs are hosted by a hosting family;\n(c) substandard houses inhabited by their non-displaced owners.\n\nSimilarly, to the distribution of solid fuel, priority areas for this activity will be isolated or newly\naccessible areas. For the purpose of this document, we consider \u201csubstandard\u201d a house which - despite\na functioning heating system and no damages to the \u201cthermal envelope\u201d - has an extremely limited\nenergy-efficiency. This limited energy-efficiency - consequence of poor design, low quality\nconstruction material and lack of maintenance - results in the thermal envelope\u2019s insufficient capacity\nto maintain the indoor temperature to an acceptable minimum [12] .\n\n\n_Table 7 - Home ceiling insulation kit_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Home ceiling insulation kit|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Item**|**Q.ty**|**Unit cost**|**Unit cost**|**SubTotal**|**SubTotal**|**Specifications**|\n|**OPTION 1**
Extruded polystyrene
foam panels|40 m2|9.2|USD|368|USD|Thickness: 100 mm
Density: 25 kg/m3 or more
Dimensions: 1000 x 500mm (1 sheet)|\n|**OPTION 2**
Basalt wool panels or
rolls|40 m2|5|USD|200|USD|Thickness: 100 mm
Density: 30 kg/m3 or more
Dimensions: depends on the type (plates/rolls)
|\n|Tarpaulin|3 pcs|15|USD|45|USD|Dimensions: 4000 x 5000mm (effective area: 20 m2)
Weight: minimum 190 gr/m2 +/-20g/m2
Gross weight per piece: approx. 4.27 kg
|\n|Other complementary
materials||||40|USD|Screws, lath, staples, and other complementary
material needed for the installation of the
insulation|\n|Insulation foam|1 pc|7.3|USD|7|USD|
850 ml bottle
|\n|**TOTAL option 1**
|**TOTAL option 1**
|**TOTAL option 1**
|**TOTAL option 1**
|**460**
|**USD**
|**!!! Please be aware that Polystyrene is flammable**
**and can catch fire easily. **
|\n|**TOTAL option 2**|**TOTAL option 2**|**TOTAL option 2**|**TOTAL option 2**|**292**|**USD**||\n\n\n_Table 8 - Windows replacement_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Windows replacement|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Item**|**Q.ty**|**Unit cost**|**Unit cost**|**SubTotal**|**SubTotal**|**Specifications**
|\n|Prefabricated windows
(pvc)|up to 5
pcs|150|USD|750|USD|Prefab PVC window package (frame + glazing)
Triple-glazing (two insulating cells in between panes)
Class of glazing13: M1 or M2
Rq min (Thermal Insulation)14: 0.7 or 0.9 m2*K/W
Depending on the zone (see the footnote)
|\n|Polystyrene foam panels|15 m2|5.1|USD|76.5|USD|
Thickness: 100 mm
Density: 30 kg/m3 or more
Dimensions: depending on type (plates/rolls)|\n\n\n\n[11 For Information regarding asbestos and associated guidelines, please refer to Shelter Cluster Ukraine website.](https://sheltercluster.org/ukraine/documents/ukraine-asbestos-resources)\n\n12 +18 [0] C (but +20 [0] [C for corner rooms). Reference is the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers 21.07.2005 # 630 (link)).](https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/630-2005-%D0%BF#Text)\n\n[13 DSTU 2.7-122:2009 Sheet glass - Technical specifications (link [UA]); DSTU 2.7-107:2008 Glass packages (link [UA]).](http://ksv.do.am/GOST/DSTY_ALL/DSTU1/dstu_b_v.2.7-122-2009.pdf)\n\n[14 DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021 page 13 (link [UA]).](https://dreamdim.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/DBN-V_2_6-31-2021.pdf)\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Plasterboard
(drywall)|15 m2|4.7|USD|70.5|USD|Type: moisture resistant
Thickness: 12.5 mm|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Plaster for slopes|100 Kg|3.2|USD|32|USD|Type: cement-limestone base
Operating temperature: from -50 0C to +70 0C
Crack resistance: certified for cracks with total
thickness of layers of 20 mm.|\n|Paint|2 L|3.5|USD|7|USD|
Type: acrylic, water emulsion|\n|Insulation foam|3 pcs|7.3
|USD
|22
|USD
|850 ml bottle
|\n|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**TOTAL**|**958**|**USD**||\n\n\n**5.2.3** **Rental Assistance**\n**(provision of grants to cover rental costs)**\n\nThe winterisation component of the broader Cash for Rent initiative is specifically designed to mitigate\nthe impact of and facilitate the decongestion of Collective Sites. This effort is particularly targeted to\naddress the challenges that arise during the peak period in September, coinciding with the start of the\nnew school year.\n\nThis activity is meant to assist IDPs renting houses: Reference for this activity is the document\nRecommendations on Cash for Rent assistance in Ukraine 2022, produced by the Shelter Cluster\nTechnical Working Group on Shelter/NFI Monetisation, led by NRC. [ 15] A new SOP for this activity is a\nunder development by the Shelter Cluster Technical Working Group on Rental market assessment,\ncurrently led by UNHCR. (Tentative publish date is October 2023.)\n\n\n[15 Technical Working Group (TWIG) on Shelter/NFI Monetization led by NRC, August 2022 (link [EN]).](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/Shelter%20Cluster%20Recommendations%20on%20Cash%20for%20Rent_V2.pdf)\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Note:** The Shelter Cluster\u2019s approach to winterisation non-food items (NFI) remains the same as for all\nother Shelter Cluster NFI kits:\n\n - on one side, the Cluster acknowledges the different capacity, approach and strategy that\ndifferent partners have in this response and that will necessarily result in differences in\nthe composition of the winterisation NFI they will choose to distribute;\n\n - on the other side, the Cluster promotes the harmonisation of the response as a way to\nmake sure that (a) winterisation assistance received by anyone in need is complete,\nsufficient and up to the agreed standards; and (b) minimise the risk that differences in type\nand amount of assistance received by communities living in similar contexts but covered\nby different agencies lead to tensions with beneficiaries, authorities, donors, etc.\n\nThe aim of the recommendations in the NFI section is not at compiling an exhaustive list of \u201call items\nthat could be useful\u201d in a winterisation response, but rather at providing guidance on the selected items\nwhich have been indicated by the Cluster\u2019s Winterisation TWiG as \u201cessential\u201d.\n\nPartners are expected to retain a degree of flexibility in designing their response, including the\npossibility to add winterisation items to the list recommended in this document, based on their own\nstrategy, assessment and capacity and with a needs-driven, context-tailored approach; they will be at\nthe same time requested to comply with the principles of harmonised assistance mentioned above.\n\nIt\u2019s worth reminding that at the beginning of the current humanitarian response, and without explicitly\nreferring it to \u201cwinterisation\u201d, the Ukraine Shelter Cluster had defined three standard NFI kits (please\nsee USC\u2019s activity matrix). All three kits already included one or more items that are a direct response\nto the lifesaving need to keep the body warm and dry (beds, mattresses, sleeping bags, ground mats,\nblankets) and already represented a winterisation activity. Utilizing the Cluster standard NFI kits \u2014\nbeside the non-food items recommended in this document \u2014 should also speed up the process of\nprocurement, pre-positioning, stockpiling and delivery to the people in need.\n\n#### **5.3 Note on Quality Control for In-Kind Assistance**\n\nThis is an essential facet of ensuring the efficacy and integrity of in-kind assistance within the shelter\ncluster. Each participating organization is mandated to adhere to its internal quality control\nprocedures, encompassing various dimensions of aid provision. This comprehensive approach not only\nupholds the dignity of beneficiaries but also fosters their well-being while maintaining harmony with\naids efforts from other organizations. To fortify this commitment, the cluster's technical coordinator\nstands as a resource for partners requiring additional guidance or direction. This collaborative\nframework reinforces the seamless coordination and delivery of aid, affirming the cluster's overarching\ngoal of providing effective and dignified support to those in need.\n#### **5.4 Note Regarding the Recommended Prices in This Document**\n\nThe recommended prices provided by the Shelter Cluster are intended as general guidelines and are\nsubject to fluctuations influenced by inflation and market dynamics. These prices are meant solely to\nprovide partners with a general idea of the price range for the calculation of their winter planning. It\nis important to note that larger organizations often engage in bulk purchases from international\nsuppliers under pre-negotiated contracts, which can result in more favourable pricing. For the purpose\nof calculating the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) budget, updated price information will be\nutilized, which might deviate from the prices presented in this document. Should further clarifications\nbe required, we encourage you to reach out to the Shelter Cluster for consultation and additional\ninformation.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Response Plan", - "confidence": 0.6058810949325562, - "start": 638, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **6 Engagement with the Government**\n\nSince 2014, Shelter and NFI agencies have supported central Government and local authorities\u2019 efforts\nin the provision of winterisation assistance. The humanitarian winterisation assistance reached the\nmost vulnerable people who resided in hard-to-reach areas and non-government-controlled\nterritories. Humanitarian agencies\u2019 role became - in the course of the response - more and more\nattentive and complementary to authorities\u2019 programmes. Coordination with authorities was critical\nin developing and delivering feasible and effective winterisation support.\n\nIn the new phase of the humanitarian response, started in February 2020, the impact of the war and\nthe scale of the subsequent displacement are unprecedented and affect locations and population\ngroups not targeted in past winterisation campaigns. An effective contextualised approach requires\nnew thorough analyses that take into consideration the differences in the context (geography, type of\ndamage to houses and infrastructure, economic conditions of affected people).\n\nMapping, capacity assessment and, when the case, repair of critical infrastructure - including central\nfuel and energy supply services - will be essential in the humanitarian agencies\u2019 effort **to complement**\n**the response by government and private sector providers** and make it effective: humanitarian\nagencies\u2019 programmes will aim at filling more immediate gaps based on direct and in-kind approaches\ntargeted toward vulnerable families and individuals.\n\nIn designing their programmes and implementing their winterisation activities, humanitarian actors will:\n\n - make sure that information on their winterisation programmes is timely shared with central\nand local authorities, and support provided for targeted and effective activities\n\n - make sure that also procurement plans for winterisation non-food items - for immediate\ndistribution or emergency stockpiling \u2014 are shared with central and local authorities. Strategic\nlocations selected in partnership with government will improve responsiveness. With the\nunpredictable, dynamic nature of the conflict, affected populations are being subjected to\nmultiple rounds of displacement, and humanitarian preparedness plans need to take the\ndynamics of conflict sensitivity into account, in terms of contingency quantities and\npartnership arrangements.\n\n - gather information on any central or local authorities\u2019 winterisation initiatives, and will make\nsure that their organisations\u2019 activities complement and don\u2019t overlap with existing similar\ngovernment programmes (for example, winterisation subsidies and social benefits).\n\n\n\n\n\n16 The minimum annual subsidy for a family is calculated\n\n - for solid fuel: on the cost of 2 metric tons (of unspecified fuel)\n\n - for liquid gas: on the cost of 2 gas cylinders (households with 1-2 members), 3 gas cylinders (3-4 members) or 4 gas\ncylinders (5+ members). A gas cylinder is 21 kg.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IMPORTANT: when identifying beneficiaries for winterisation programmes, agencies should always first\nverify whether these potential beneficiaries are receiving state subsidies. This can be done through the\nlink [https://subsidii.ioc.gov.ua](https://subsidii.ioc.gov.ua/) or through direct verification with Admin-4 level local authorities.\n(Admin-4 refers to the data in settlements level)\n\nIn general - as recommended in table 2 (Beneficiary Selection, next page) - agencies should not prioritise\nbeneficiaries receiving state subsidies, as subsidies are expected to cover a family\u2019s basic winterisation\nneeds.\n\nIn case a family, eligible for state subsidies, is actually not receiving them or facing delays, the first action\nby humanitarian agencies should be to refer their case to HLP (housing, land and property) agencies with\nthe aim at making sure that they are re-included in state programmes. When this due step is not feasible,\nhumanitarian agencies should consider this family eligible for winterisation assistance.\n\nBeside subsidies and social benefits for utilities for vulnerable families, the Government of Ukraine has\na major impact in the winterisation response especially through the provisions that guarantee the\nvolume of the supply of gas for heating and control its price [20] . At the moment of drafting this\ndocument, it is expected that provisions are extended for next winter season; in the absence of\nalternatives (gas is the major source for the public centralised heating grid), the return to a market\nprice regime is expected to significantly impact the country\u2019s heating plans and budget.\n\n\n17 [https://www.msp.gov.ua/timeline/subsidii.html](https://www.msp.gov.ua/timeline/subsidii.html)\n\n[18 For gas: https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/prirodnij-gaz/spozhivachi-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/prirodnij-gaz/spozhivachi-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi)\n\n[gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/prirodnij-gaz/spozhivachi-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi/cini-na-prirodnij-gaz-spozhivacham-yaki-ne-ye-pobutovimi)\n\n[For electricity: https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/elektroenergiya/naselennya/cini-ta-tarifi-na-elektroenergiyu-](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/elektroenergiya/naselennya/cini-ta-tarifi-na-elektroenergiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-naselennya-v-ukrayini/fiksovani-cini-na-elektrichnu-energiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-z-1-zhovtnya-2021-roku)\n\n[dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-naselennya-v-ukrayini/fiksovani-cini-na-elektrichnu-energiyu-dlya-pobutovih-](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/elektroenergiya/naselennya/cini-ta-tarifi-na-elektroenergiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-naselennya-v-ukrayini/fiksovani-cini-na-elektrichnu-energiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-z-1-zhovtnya-2021-roku)\n[spozhivachiv-z-1-zhovtnya-2021-roku](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/elektroenergiya/naselennya/cini-ta-tarifi-na-elektroenergiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-naselennya-v-ukrayini/fiksovani-cini-na-elektrichnu-energiyu-dlya-pobutovih-spozhivachiv-z-1-zhovtnya-2021-roku)\n\n[For hot and heating water: https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/teplo/naselennya/poslugi-z-postachannya-](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/teplo/naselennya/poslugi-z-postachannya-teplovoyi-energiyi-ta-postachannya-garyachoyi-vodi)\n\n[teplovoyi-energiyi-ta-postachannya-garyachoyi-vodi](https://www.nerc.gov.ua/sferi-diyalnosti/teplo/naselennya/poslugi-z-postachannya-teplovoyi-energiyi-ta-postachannya-garyachoyi-vodi)\n\n[19 Average wage: https://ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2005/gdn/reg_zp_m/reg_zpm_e/arh_zpm_e.htm](https://ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2005/gdn/reg_zp_m/reg_zpm_e/arh_zpm_e.htm)\n\n[20 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 19 July 2022, no. 812 (link[UA],](https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-zatverdzhennia-polozhennia-pro-pokladennia-i190722-812) [link[ENG]).](https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=142191)\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **7 Beneficiary selection**\n\n2023-2024 Winterisation assistance will be based on a targeting approach; recommendation comes also\nfrom the Government. To make sure that the most in need will be assisted first, humanitarian agencies\nshould adopt a system of successive \u201cfilters\u201d to choose in a responsible way the final recipients of the\nassistance. The proposed filters - and the sequence with which they should be applied - are outlined here\nbelow. Moreover, the targeting approach varies depending on the type of intervention. For instance,\nalthough providing solid fuel remains essential every winter, the distribution of heating appliances\nshould be cross-referenced with the list of recipients from the previous year.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **8 Winterisation post-distribution monitoring**\n\nAll agencies are strongly recommended to include a post-distribution monitoring (PDM) component to\nthe implementation cycle of their winterisation programs.\nAs in the past, the Shelter Cluster continues to promote the compilation of a shared list of questions\nthat all Cluster partners agree to include in their PDM questionnaire.\nThe adoption of a shared list of core questions by all partners will harmonize the collection of data and\nfeedback regarding the quality, effectiveness, and appreciation of the winterisation response. This will\nensure that consistent and standardized information is gathered and shared among all stakeholders .\nThe Shelter Cluster aims to consolidate the findings of various agencies into a single document. This\ndocument will be of utmost importance as it will allow the Shelter Cluster to incorporate the lessons\nlearned, recommendations, and good practices from its partners.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9669299125671387, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Shelter Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9673689007759094, - "start": 40, - "end": 42 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **9 Appendix**\n#### **9.1 Thermal Envelope**\n\nThe term \"thermal envelope\" refers to the minimum boundary or enclosure within a shelter that helps\nregulate the transfer of heat between the interior and exterior environments. It is a critical aspect of\nshelter cluster\u2019s response, particularly in emergency response during the winter when people are in\nneed protection from the extreme cold.\n\nThe thermal envelope is designed to minimize heat exchange and maintain a comfortable and safe\nliving environment inside the shelter, considering factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind\nconditions. It is essential to ensure that the shelter provides adequate insulation and protection against\nextreme temperatures.\n\n\nThe components that form the thermal envelope are: [ 21]\n\n - **Insulation:** The material used to prevent the transfer of heat through the walls, roof, and floor\nof the shelter. Insulation helps keep the interior temperature stable and reduces the need for\nadditional heating.\n\n - **Walls and Roofs:** The materials and repair of the walls and roof contribute significantly to the\nthermal performance of the shelter.\n\n - **Doors and Windows:** These elements must be properly sealed and insulated to prevent the\nheat loss from the gaps between the edges and the wall.\n\n\n\nThis diagram shows some of the areas\nvulnerable to heat loss.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA properly designed thermal envelopes contribute to improved health, well-being, and overall\nresilience of the affected population during times of crisis.\n\n\n[21 For Information regarding asbestos and associated guidelines, please refer to Shelter Cluster Ukraine website.](https://sheltercluster.org/ukraine/documents/ukraine-asbestos-resources)\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **9.2 Draft of the content for the Invincibility Kit**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Invincibility Kit (displaced, non-displaced) (for 20 individuals)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
**No**|
**Item**|
**Qty**|
**Size**|
**Technical Specifications**|
**Comment**
**s **|
**Unit cost **|**Subtotal cost **|\n|1|Insulating floor
mat|20|1.8m x
0.9m|Three layers:1- on the ground-side, a plastic
mat, double weave. 2- an aluminized canvas,
aluminum face upward.3- on upper-side, a
fleece blanket.|
Bedding|30
USD|600
USD|\n|2|Mattress|4|0.9m x
1.9m
0.15m|High density polyurethane foam, in one piece,
no glue assembled piece. 35kg/m\u00b3 +/- 5%.|Bedding|46-60
USD|184-
240
USD|\n|3|Sleeping bags|20|0.7 x
1.9m|Thick layer of non-woven synthetic material
covered on both sides with a synthetic/cotton
sheet. 100% synthetic filling is recommended
to avoid being rotted by moisture. Inner and
outer lining: cotton/polyester mix, 100g/m\u00b2
minimum. Filling:100% polyester fibers|Bedding|35-50
USD|700-
1000
USD|\n|4|Folding
chairs/benches|20||||18
USD|360
USD|\n|5|Jerrycan
(optional)|2|10 L|Type: Complete with screw cap and molded
carry handle of minimum 9 cm long. The inner
diameter of cap minimum 30 mm.
Drop test: can withstand drop of 2,5 m when
at full capacity.
Material: Non-collapsible Polyethylene plastic.
Though flexible, food grade, low density
polyethylene (LDPE), UV stabilized. With no
sharp edges.
Size: 10 L
Weight: 455 grams minimum
Color: Light color (yellow, white)|Water
storage|5
USD|10
USD|\n|6|Bucket|4|10 L|Metal bucket
Outer diameter (up) 298 mm
Outer diameter (down) 275 mm
Inner diameter (up) 286 mm
Inner diameter (down) 263 mm
Height 371 mm
Empty weight 1,5 kg|Water
storage|4
USD|16
USD|\n|7|Power bank
lamps|4||Lamps do not need to be necessarily \"solar
lamps\". The importance of the \"power bank\"
function is instead confirmed as essential|A source of
light and
charging
the phone|24
USD|96
USD|\n|8|Electric Heater|3|1500W|1500W, 230V, Infrared, with thermostat
(consider 100W/m\u00b2 to cover poorly insulated
locals)||100
USD|300
USD|\n|9|Emergency
generator *|1|4-5kW|4 KW is preferable (typical socket can take up
to 16 amps, which translates to 4,000 W)||600
USD|600
USD|\n|10|Fuel Storage|2||Steel
2x20 liters jerrycan|Gener. Fuel
storage|20
USD|40
USD|\n|11|Kettle|2|1.2l|||15
USD|30
USD|\n|12|Water Storage|||2x100 liter drums + 2x10 liters Jerrycans|Water
storage|70 +5
USD|150
USD|\n|13|Kitchen set|5|20
people|||20
USD|100
USD|\n|14|Fire
extinguisher|1|9 L|Foam||35
USD|35
USD|\n|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**Total cost**|**3221-**
**3577**
**USD**|\n\n\n\n\n- Incorporating generators into this kit serves as a strategic approach to maintaining the functionality of\ninvincibility points and bomb shelters, ensuring they remain heated even during power outages. The size and\npower specifications of these generators depends on the dimensions of the spaces they intend to warm,\noptimizing their effectiveness. However, it's important to note that these generators often have distinct wiring\nrequirements in contrast to the existing infrastructure of the shelters. They aren't plug-and-play devices.\nConsequently, it is strongly advised that partner organizations coordinating the delivery of generators engage in\ndialogue with the designated electrician for the shelter space or other relevant experts. This kit has been\nintroduced this year and it\u2019s still under development. Regarding any clarifications please contact shelter cluster.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **9.3 Awareness about Carbon Monoxide Poisoning**\n\nCarbon Monoxide is a gas produced whenever a material is burnt. During the winter months, it is\nimportant that beneficiaries recognize the risk that they and their households could become exposed\nto the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Houses with functioning chimneys are better able to mitigate\nagainst this risk, while those that do not have chimneys should be encouraged to regulate ventilate\ntheir homes (opening windows and other openings to allow in fresh air. The risks of carbon monoxide\npoisoning are high without regular ventilation, because the gas is odourless and non-visible. Symptoms\nare similar to the flu. Beneficiaries should also have proper information about the physical symptoms\nof carbon monoxide poisoning including headaches, weakness, dizziness, nausea or vomiting,\nshortness of breath, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness. [ 22]\n\n\n[22 For more information regarding Carbon Monoxide poisoning please visit: Link.](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carbon-monoxide/symptoms-causes/syc-20370642)\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **9.4 Average monthly temperatures 2015 \u2013 2023**\n\nThe table presented below represents the maximum and minimum temperatures for each of\nthe specified locations. It tries to illustrates the temperature decrease observed during the\nmonth designated as the shelter cluster Cold winter period.\n\n\n23\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|JAN|FEB|MAR|APR|MAY|JUN|JUL|AUG|SEP|OCT|NOV|DEC|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Kiev**|-1|2|7|17|21|25|27|28|23|12|6|3|\n||**Kiev**|-8|-5|-1|5|9|14|15|15|11|3|0|-2|\n||**Odessa**|2|5|10|15|21|27|31|31|26|15|11|7|\n||**Odessa**|-5|-2|1|6|12|17|18|19|14|7|3|-1|\n||**Lviv**|0|4|8|15|20|24|26|28|22|12|7|4|\n||**Lviv**|-7|-3|-1|4|9|13|13|13|10|4|0|-2|\n||**Vinnytsia**|-1|3|8|16|21|24|26|27|23|12|7|3|\n||**Vinnytsia**|-10|-6|-2|4|8|13|15|14|11|3|-1|-4|\n||**Sevastopol**|6|8|10|13|17|23|26|28|25|16|12|8|\n||**Sevastopol**|2|4|6|8|13|19|21|23|19|13|9|5|\n||**Dnipro**|-1|3|8|17|22|26|30|31|27|13|8|4|\n||**Dnipro**|-8|-5|-1|5|10|15|16|17|11|3|0|-3|\n||**Kryvyi Rih**|-1|4|9|17|22|27|30|31|27|14|9|5|\n||**Kryvyi Rih**|-9|-5|-2|5|10|15|15|17|11|3|1|-3|\n||**Makiivka**|-1|3|9|18|23|28|30|32|25|13|7|3|\n||**Makiivka**|-8|-5|-1|5|10|15|17|18|12|2|-1|-4|\n||**Horlivka**|-2|2|8|17|23|28|30|32|25|12|7|2|\n||**Horlivka**|-8|-5|-2|5|10|15|17|18|11|1|-1|-4|\n||**Kharkiv**|-2|0
|6|16|21|25|29|30|24|12|6|2|\n||**Kharkiv**|-9|-6|-2|5|10|14|16|16|10|2|-1|-3|\n|
Courtesy of hikersbay.com||||||||||||||\n|
Courtesy of hikersbay.com||||||||||||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2ee500e9-edc9-4453-8645-c72244bafa61/Winterization%20Recommendations%2023-24%20v01.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_757/raw/doc_757_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_757/raw/doc_757_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 047ac21a69dbbe0cc53a60e404a92c28ccd7d013..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_757/raw/doc_757_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protec\ufffdon Cluster Yemen**\n\n#### **YEMEN**\n##### **PROTECTION BRIEF**\n\n\n**October 2020**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Operational Context**\n\n\nFor more than five years, Yemen has been locked in an unrelen\ufffdng, high-intensity conflict that\nhas triggered what the UN describes as the worst humanitarian crisis in the world; with 24.3\nmillion people in need of humanitarian assistance and protec\ufffdon1. Since its escala\ufffdon in\n2015, an es\ufffdmated 12,000 civilians have been killed2 and more than 3.6 million are es\ufffdmated\nto be forcibly displaced.3 Ac\ufffdve ground hos\ufffdli\ufffdes, coupled by shelling and air strikes, o\ufffden in\npopulated areas, con\ufffdnue to harm civilians and cause widespread damage to civilian homes\nand infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, IDP sites and water and sanita\ufffdon facili\ufffdes.\nExplosive remnants of war persist to impede freedom of movement as well as to kill and injure\ncivilians.\n\n\nYemen is also a country prone to disasters, par\ufffdcularly hydrological hazards such as flash\nflooding, which are causing death, displacement and destruc\ufffdon of property. It is es\ufffdmated\nthat, since January 2020, more than half a million people have been affected by floods and\nheavy rains, including 300,000 in June, July and August, mostly in Marib, Taiz, Al Hudaydah,\nHajjah, Aden, Lahj and Aden governorates4. Affected families have lost their homes, crops and\npersonal belongings.5 Outbreaks of diseases including dengue fever and cholera have also\ncontributed to the ongoing humanitarian crisis, with a severe impact on vulnerable groups.\nThe rapid spread of COVID-19 in Yemen, with one of the highest fatality rates in the region,6\ncannot be effec\ufffdvely contained due to an overstrained health system, already crippled by\nconflict, coupled with a lack of public health measures and awareness.\n\n\nState ins\ufffdtu\ufffdons have largely collapsed due to the conflict and its resul\ufffdng impacts including\nthe inability of authori\ufffdes to remunerate civil servants. This has weakened the overall capacity of the authori\ufffdes in control to effec\ufffdvely exercise their primary responsibility to assist and\nprotect the Yemeni popula\ufffdon, prevent and effec\ufffdvely respond to prevalent viola\ufffdons of\nhuman rights and promote durable solu\ufffdons.\n\n\nLack of humanitarian access due to ongoing figh\ufffdng, logis\ufffdcal issues and bureaucra\ufffdcal\nprocedures, remains a cri\ufffdcal challenge hindering the delivery of life-saving protec\ufffdon\nservices and other assistance. An es\ufffdmated 5.1 million people are spread across 75 districts\nclassified as hard-to-reach.7 In 2019, 2,750 access-related incidents of various nature were\nreported as obstruc\ufffdng or delaying humanitarian assistance for an es\ufffdmated 8.3 million\npeople, including over 2.1 million children.8\n\n\n1 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan Extension, h\ufffdps://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-humanitarian-response-plan-extension-june-december-2020-enar\n2 Armed Conflict Loca\ufffdon & Event Data Project (ACLED). (31 October 2019). PRESS RELEASE: Over 100,000 Reported Killed in Yemen War. Retrieved May\n24, 2020, from h\ufffdps://www.acleddata.com/2019/10/31/press-release-over-100000-reported-killed-in-yemen-war\n3 IOM, Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), Yemen available at h\ufffdps://dtm.iom.int/yemen\n4 Shelter Cluster Second Flash Update\n5 300,000 people lose homes, incomes, food supplies and belongings due to catastrophic flooding in Yemen. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from\nh\ufffdps://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2020/8/5f3e7faf4/300000-people-lose-homes-incomes-food-supplies-belongings-due-catastrophic.html\n6 UN OCHA. (2020). Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan, Extension, page 3\n7 OCHA. Yemen - hard to reach districts (as of 29 April 2019). Retrieved August 25, 2020, from h\ufffdps://reliefweb.int/map/yemen/yemen-hard-reach\ndistricts-29-april-2019\n8 United Na\ufffdons Security Council. (2020). Report of the Secretary General, Protec\ufffdon of Civilians in Armed Conflict, page 5\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Cluster\u2019s vic\ufffdm assistance project provides direct support to civilians injured as a result of the\nconflict, helping 619 individuals between January to August 2020, with cri\ufffdcal support such as\ncovering medical expenses and referring them for specialized protec\ufffdon services. In 2019, the\nCluster\u2019s Mine Ac\ufffdon AoR cleared landmines and other explosive ordnances from 3 million square\nmeters of land, and more than 1.5 million square meters in the first half of 2020, thereby helping\nto reduce civilian casual\ufffdes and facilitate freedom movement of people and goods. In the first six\nmonths of 2020, over 240,258 people were also provided with mine risk educa\ufffdon, to increase\nawareness of the dangers of explosive ordnances and promote safe behavior.\n\n\n\n**Number Of Civilian Casualties By Month (*)**\n\n\n\n**Top 10 Civilian Structures Damaged**\n\n\nCivilian Houses\n\n\n\nNo Structure\n\nHouses & Farms\n\nCivilian Vehicles\n\nFarms\n\nLocal Businesses\n\nInfrastructure (Gov Compounds)\n\nInfrastructure (Health)\n\nInfrastructure (Telecommunica\ufffdon)\n\nInfrastructure (Transport)\n\n\n\n\n\n48%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep\n\n\n**Top 10 Types Of Armed Violence**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n**Protection Environment**\n\n\nYemen\u2019s five-year conflict has provoked a dire humanitarian and protec\ufffdon\n\ntheir basic rights. Civilians suffer from the effects of indiscriminate a\ufffdacks by par\ufffdes to the\nconflict, and cri\ufffdcal civilian infrastructure con\ufffdnues to be damaged. The conflict con\ufffdnues to\nforce people to flee, o\ufffden seeking safety and shelter in makeshi\ufffd sites, largely in proximity to\nareas of ac\ufffdve hos\ufffdli\ufffdes where living condi\ufffdons are precarious and access to services severely\nlimited. The conflict has heightened risks faced by women and girls, including gender-based\nviolence. The Covid-19 pandemic has added suffering and depriva\ufffdon, compounding exis\ufffdng\nprotec\ufffdon risks and crea\ufffdng new ones. The following four issues, which are the focus of this\nprotec\ufffdon brief, require urgent and joint ac\ufffdon.\n\n**Civilians Caught In The Crossfire**\n\nThe ongoing conflict con\ufffdnues to have a serious impact on the lives of civilians in Yemen.\nCivilians con\ufffdnue to be affected by indiscriminate a\ufffdacks resul\ufffdng in loss of life, injury,\ndestruc\ufffdon of property and mass displacement. The killing of civilians is a\ufffdributed to the\nviola\ufffdons of the principles of dis\ufffdnc\ufffdon, propor\ufffdonality and precau\ufffdon, as well as the\nwidespread use of explosive weapons in populated areas, in breach of interna\ufffdonal humanitarian law. From January to September 2020 alone, 1,508 civilian casual\ufffdes were reported,\nmostly caused by shelling, small arms fire and airstrikes, of whom 42 per cent were women\nand children.9 Unmarked landmines and other explosive hazards also contribute to kill, maim\nand injure civilians across the country, to impede freedom of movement and farming ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes. In the first nine months of 2020, landmines, unexploded ordnance, sea mines and improvised explosive devices collec\ufffdvely caused 246 civilian casual\ufffdes including 105 deaths (CIMP).\n\n\nThe conflict has also caused significant damage to private property and civilian infrastructure.\nOnly half of health facili\ufffdes are opera\ufffdonal, partly as a result of damage triggered by the\nconflict,10 including some being directly hit by airstrikes or shelling. Over 2,500 schools are not\nfunc\ufffdoning, with two thirds damaged by conflict-related a\ufffdacks, depriving millions of\nchildren access to educa\ufffdon.11 Despite the UN Secretary General\u2019s call for a ceasefire and\nramping up of efforts to counter the outbreak of COVID-19, residen\ufffdal areas have also been\nunder increased a\ufffdacks. Since January 2020 alone, more than 3,500 civilian houses and over\n900 farms have been damaged due to the hos\ufffdli\ufffdes (CIMP), leading not only to civilian\ncasuali\ufffdes but also to displacement and loss of civilians' assets and livelihood.\n\n\nThe Protec\ufffdon Cluster, through its Civilian Impact Monitoring Project (CIMP), systema\ufffdcally\ntracks and documents the impact of armed violence on civilians, allowing an ini\ufffdal reliable\nes\ufffdma\ufffdon of civilian casual\ufffdes and of the severity of the impact on civilian infrastructure. It\nprovides an evidence-base for advocacy with par\ufffdes to the conflict and further assessment.\n\n\n9 Civilian casual\ufffdes and damage to houses and farms are reported by the Civilian Impact Monitoring Project, the Yemen Protec\ufffdon Cluster\u2019s project\n10 Supra note 8, page 6\n11 UNICEF Yemen. (2018). In Yemen, children\u2019s educa\ufffdon devastated a\ufffder three years of escala\ufffdng conflict. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from\nh\ufffdps://www.unicef.org/press-releases/yemen-children-educa\ufffdon-devastated-three-years-conflict\n\n- Civilian Impact Monitoring Project (CIMP), h\ufffdps://civilianimpactmonitoring.org/\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Of Civilian Casualties By Month", - "confidence": 0.6613286733627319, - "start": 150, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.664013683795929, - "start": 237, - "end": 238 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Civilian Impact Monitoring Project", - "confidence": 0.9893801212310791, - "start": 796, - "end": 800 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CIMP", - "confidence": 0.9602876305580139, - "start": 764, - "end": 765 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Protec\ufffdon Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7727037072181702, - "start": 789, - "end": 793 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.9156078696250916, - "start": 883, - "end": 884 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Internal Displacement**\n\n\nInternal displacement has been one of the defining features of the Yemen conflict, ranking as\nthe fourth largest IDP crisis due to conflict in the world.12 As of November 2018, an es\ufffdmated\n3.6 million people had been forcibly displaced, with some 400,000 in 2019 and over 143,000\nin the first nine months of 2020.13 Although conflict remains the primary cause of displacement, disasters, especially floods, con\ufffdnue to displace hundreds of thousands of civilians. It\nis es\ufffdmated that the summer rainy season of 2020 may have displaced more than 74,000\nhouseholds14.\n\n\nSo far in 2020, most of the new displacement has been reported in Marib Governorate\nfollowed by Al Hudaydah and Al Dhale\u2019e governorates, primarily as a consequence of\nincreased figh\ufffdng in and around these areas. Among the 56,424 displaced persons in Marib\nduring the first six months of 2020, 55,380 were displaced as a result of intensified conflict\nwhich con\ufffdnues to be a constant trigger. In this connec\ufffdon, in mid-August 2020, an es\ufffdmated\n1,500 families fled, largely from Al Jawf Governorate and Madghal and Majzar districts in\nMarib Governorate due to increased hos\ufffdli\ufffdes.15 Most of them were forced to undertake long\nand arduous journeys, carrying livestock and personal belongings, while some were stranded\non the road towards Marib City and in the desert around Al Rayan sub-district owing to lack\nof transporta\ufffdon. New waves of displacement have been witnessed during the first weeks of\nSeptember, par\ufffdcularly from conflict areas in the South West of Marib Governorate.16 It is\nes\ufffdmated that more than 10,600 household have been displaced within Marib during the\nfirst nine months of 2020.17 As a result of past and recent displacement, the popula\ufffdon of\nMarib Governorate has increased from 300,000 individuals to more than one million since the\nconflict began, including some 800,000 IDPs.\n\n\nMost of the IDPs live in areas under the control of the de facto authori\ufffdes in the North (some\n63 percent), the remaining live in areas under the control of the Interna\ufffdonally Recognized\nGovernment (IRG). An es\ufffdmated 43 percent of Yemen\u2019s IDPs reside in rented accommoda\ufffdon, 22 percent are hosted by communi\ufffdes,18 while more than 912,746 IDPs are dispersed\nacross 1,551 makeshi\ufffd sites, some of which are in proximity to areas of ac\ufffdve hos\ufffdli\ufffdes.\nGovernorates such as Al Hudaydah (some 77,000 IDPs), Aden (some 30,800 IDPs) and Marib\n(18,500 IDPs) are hos\ufffdng the highest concentra\ufffdon of IDPs in sites and camp like se\ufffdngs.19\n\n\n12 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, end 2019 figures, h\ufffdps://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data\n13 IOM, Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), Yemen available at h\ufffdps://dtm.iom.int/yemen\n14 UNHCR-led Yemen Shelter Cluster, September 2020\n15 IOM Yemen (16 -29 August), Marib Response\n16 OCHA: YEMEN, Snapshot: Marib Governorate Response to Newly Displaced Families\n17 IOM Rapid Displacement Tracking, Yemen, 13-19 September 2020\n18 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview, page 15\n19 CCCM Cluster Yemen (September 2020), IDP Hosing Sites Overview\n20 CCCM Cluster Yemen, Note on Evic\ufffdon, September 2020\n\n\n\nMakeshi\ufffd sites are believed to be hos\ufffdng among the country\u2019s poorest and marginalized IDPs,\nincluding socially discriminated groups such as the Muhamasheen. In the sites, popula\ufffdons with\nspecific needs, par\ufffdcularly women, children and persons with disabili\ufffdes, may face a heightened\nrisk of exploita\ufffdon, harassment and gender-based violence. In addi\ufffdon, most of the IDP sites are\nse\ufffdled on private land, with no formal land agreement established between authori\ufffdes and\nlandowners. In these condi\ufffdons, security of tenure is precarious, and threats of evic\ufffdons are a\nconstant challenge. Out of 658 sites monitored by the CCCM cluster, 19,734 IDP families in 181\nsites iden\ufffdfied evic\ufffdon as a threat. As of September 2020, humanitarian partners of the CCCM\ncluster were ac\ufffdvely engaged in tracking some 59 evic\ufffdons affec\ufffdng more than 3,800 families\n(27,000 individuals).20 The proximity of IDP sites to areas of ac\ufffdve hos\ufffdli\ufffdes also threatens the\nsafety of IDPs. As of August, out of 906,492 IDPs in hos\ufffdng sites, 48 per cent live only 5km away\nfrom areas of ac\ufffdve hos\ufffdli\ufffdes. In the first nine months of 2020, seven IDP sites have been a\ufffdacked\nin Sana\u2019a, Sa\u2019ada, and Al Jawf governorates resul\ufffdng in casual\ufffdes (CIMP), and exposing the most\nvulnerable IDPs to further displacement.\n\n\nFor IDPs outside of hos\ufffdng sites, affording increasing rental prices is extremely challenging,\nespecially in the current climate of economic downturn and loss of income opportuni\ufffdes. IDP\nhouseholds increasingly experience threats (physical, verbal, in\ufffdmida\ufffdon, harassment) and actual\nevic\ufffdons. In some governorates, the rental cost has increased by 200 percent, mostly triggered by\nshortage of houses as a result of conflict-related damage or protracted displacement. Living condi\ufffdons for IDPs tend to be substandard due to limited access to services, congested living arrangements, unaffordability and inadequacy of available accommoda\ufffdon. Lack of iden\ufffdfica\ufffdon documents also creates major obstacles for IDPs, severely limi\ufffdng their ability to move freely, rent\nhouses, access public services and life-saving humanitarian assistance etc. Meanwhile, in the\ncontext of the ongoing conflict, for most IDPs, the possibility of safe return to places of origin\nremains elusive due to ongoing insecurity and violence, widespread destruc\ufffdon of property, explosive hazard contamina\ufffdon and lack of basic services\n\n\nSeveral Protec\ufffdon Cluster partners countrywide run community centers and community outreach\nteams to support both IDPs and host communi\ufffdes with cri\ufffdcal protec\ufffdon services. As of September, 19 Community Centers are ac\ufffdve across the country. Community Centers represent a \u201cone\nstop shop\u201d for the provision of protec\ufffdon services such as psychological first aid and psychosocial\nsupport; specialized services for children; case management for SGBV survivors; legal services to\nraise awareness and support access to personal documenta\ufffdon; legal counseling on various civil\nand family issues and outreach and community-mobiliza\ufffdon ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes. In addi\ufffdon, emergency\ncash is disbursed for specific categories of IDPs and host communi\ufffdes at heightened risks such as\nthose with cri\ufffdcal health condi\ufffdons, women with specific risks (pregnant, lacta\ufffdng, single new\nmothers) and homeless families or those at imminent risk of evic\ufffdon. During the first nine months\nof 2020, approximately 2.3 million people have been assisted with cri\ufffdcal protec\ufffdon services.\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.9101616740226746, - "start": 562, - "end": 565 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.8993445038795471, - "start": 566, - "end": 567 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre", - "confidence": 0.648036003112793, - "start": 543, - "end": 547 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.9546404480934143, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8098688721656799, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6528586745262146, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nevertheless, compared to the es\ufffdmated 14.4 million people in need of protec\ufffdon assistance,\n\n\n\n**% of IDPs By Governorate**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Top 10 Districts With IDPs**\n\n\n\n18%\n13%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Specific Risks Facing Women And Girls**\n\n\nWhile the conflict has a serious impact on all civilians, women and girls are o\ufffden dispropor\ufffdonately affected. Prior to, and during the conflict, Yemeni women and girls have experienced\ndeeply entrenched gender inequality, rooted in a society with rigid gender roles and conserva\ufffdve customary norms. Compared to 73 percent of men being educated, 35 per cent of Yemeni\nwomen are literate21 and only 6.3 percent par\ufffdcipate in the labour force market.22 Since 2006,\nYemen has consistently ranked last in the annual Global Gender Gap Index.\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, the conflict has had a varying impact on women, girls, men and boys.\nWomen and children cons\ufffdtute 75 percent of the total number of displaced popula\ufffdon in\nYemen.23 The absence of men as primary breadwinners, including due to deployment to front\nlines and loss of jobs due to economic downturn has resulted in an increased prevalence of\nfemale heads of households.24 A UNHCR assessment covering the period from January to July\n2020 found that, out of 55,098 households consulted in northern and southern Yemen, 16\npercent were headed by women.25 This sudden change of role has put women under economic pressure, as they struggle to provide for their families, some\ufffdmes without, or limited, prior\nexperience in income genera\ufffdng ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes.\n\n\nThe displacement, with the consequent disaggrega\ufffdon of communal structures, the breakdown of community networks, the loss of safety nets and the deple\ufffdon of assets and resources has exacerbated pre-exis\ufffdng gender discrimina\ufffdon resul\ufffdng in increased risk of sexual\nviolence and recourse to nega\ufffdve coping mechanisms.26 Child marriage remains a concern. It\nis es\ufffdmated that more than two thirds of Yemeni girls are married off while under 18 years of\nage, compared to 50 percent before the conflict.27 Under Yemen\u2019s Personal Status Law 1999,\nthere is no minimum legal age of marriage and efforts to set a minimum age of marriage to 15\nor 18 have been unsuccessful.28 Child marriage is increasingly seen as a source of income\nand/or a cost reduc\ufffdon for the family, as a transfer of the cost of feeding the child onto the\nnew husband. It is also seen as a security mechanism, par\ufffdcularly in IDP sites, where parents\nview child marriage as a way to protect girls from sexual harassment and abuse, including by\nmarrying them to prominent community figures. Gender-based violence has risen significantly, increasing by 63 percent during the conflict.29 This is partly triggered by tension within\nfamilies, due to frustra\ufffdons from lack of income and loss of livelihoods.\n\n\n21 World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Gender Gap Report, page 24\n22 Ibid\n23 D. Moyer, J., Bohl, D., Hanna, T., R. Mapes, B., & Rafa, M. (2019). ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF WAR on Development in Yemen. United Na\ufffdons Development\nProgramme (UNDP), page 26\n24 Dr. Fawziah Al-Ammar, H. P. (2019). A GENDERED CRISIS : UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCES OF YEMEN\u2019S WAR. Sana\u2019a Center for Strategic Studies, page 23\n25 UNHCR Yemen: IDP Protec\ufffdon Monitoring Update, 30 June 2020\n26 Office of the Special Representa\ufffdve of the Secretary General on Sexual Violence in Conflict h\ufffdps://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/countries/yemen/\n27 Sarah, F. (2017). A\ufffder Years of Civil War, Child Marriage Is on the Rise in Yemen. UNICEF USA. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from h\ufffdps://www.unicefusa.org/stories/a\ufffder-years-civil-war-child-marriage-rise-yemen/33762\n28 Child Marriage in Yemen, Girls Not Brides. Retrived July 22,2020 from h\ufffdps://www.girlsnotbrides.org/where-does-it-happen/atlas/yemen/\n29 Yemen, E. O. (2016). h\ufffdps://www.unocha.org/es/story/yemen-child-under-age-five-dies-every-10-minutes-preventable-causes-un-humanitarian-chief.\nRetrieved May 12, 2020, from h\ufffdps://www.unocha.org/es/story/yemen-child-under-age-five-dies-every-10-minutes-preventable-causes-un-humanitarian-chief\n\n\n\nThe Protec\ufffdon Cluster\u2019s Women Protec\ufffdon AoR, con\ufffdnues to provide vital protec\ufffdon\nservices to women and girls, through the provision of psychosocial social support and legal\naid; access to safe houses; community awareness on various forms of violence against women\nand girls and relevant services and livelihood opportuni\ufffdes for GBV survivors. Those services\nare provided through some 55 women and girls safe spaces, 8 women and girls safe shelters\ncountrywide and Community Centers. In the eight months of 2020, the Women Protec\ufffdon\nAoR delivered 5,363 dignity kits; supported over 220,929 individuals with life-saving\nmul\ufffd-sectoral services; 4,767 with cash assistance and almost 574,622 individuals with\nawareness and sensi\ufffdza\ufffdon. Regre\ufffdably, cri\ufffdcal funding gaps prevent protec\ufffdon actors from\nadequately addressing women\u2019s protec\ufffdon needs, including support with livelihood ini\ufffda\ufffdves, which plays a significant role in increasing women\u2019s par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon in the economy.\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "situa\ufffdon, impact on services and deteriora\ufffdng economic situa\ufffdon. Moreover, it\u2019s es\ufffdmated\nthat thousands of families have lost their only source of income, owing to Covid-19 related\nrestric\ufffdons, reducing their ability to meet their basic needs. This situa\ufffdon dispropor\ufffdonally\naffects people who are reliant on jobs in the informal sector, such as marginalized groups as\nwell as IDPs. It also affects women and girls working as housemaids to support their families\nand who are losing their jobs as a result of the outbreak. The loss of self-reliance further\nincreases the risks of adop\ufffdng nega\ufffdve coping strategies.\n\n\nFurthermore, Covid-19 presents a grave threat to millions of people that lack access to basic\nhealth care and WASH facili\ufffdes. According to the WASH Cluster, an es\ufffdmated 11.2 million\nYemenis are in acute need of water, sanita\ufffdon and hygiene assistance. Amidst the breakdown\nof public services, only 30-40 per cent of Yemenis have access to safe water. Access to water\nhas been further diminished by the impact of over five years of conflict. The lack of water\ncontributes to a high prevalence of preventable disease, and now the rapid spread of\nCOVID-19.30 Due to direct or indirect consequences of the conflict, it is es\ufffdmated that only\nhalf of health facili\ufffdes are func\ufffdonal. The capacity of the remaining health facili\ufffdes is o\ufffden\noverstretched to treat all pa\ufffdents, while some private hospitals have already closed, partly\ndue to lack of adequate COVID 19 protec\ufffdve equipment. In addi\ufffdon, many displaced families\nindicated not having the financial and other means, such as transport, to seek medical care for\nfamily members showing symptoms and a fear of s\ufffdgma\ufffdza\ufffdon in their communi\ufffdes if they\nwere perceived to be carrying the virus.\n\n\nLimited access to health care, challenges in adop\ufffdng social distancing in sub-standard living\ncondi\ufffdons (shelter, water etc.) and lack of income have also resulted in increased psychological stress. Protec\ufffdon actors have reported several incidents, where people have a\ufffdempted to\ncommit suicide. Domes\ufffdc abuse incidents against women are increasingly reported, largely\ndue to stressful situa\ufffdons arising from loss of livelihood opportuni\ufffdes and confinement in\nsmall spaces. 90 per cent of the cases reported are among newly married couples, with one\nincident resul\ufffdng in death. Compared to the pre-lock down period, reports suggest a significant rise in the number of GBV cases, as well as children facing heightened risks of abuse and\nneglect due to the closure of schools, the deteriorated family environment, and the loss of\ncaregivers as a result of isola\ufffdon/death.\n\n\n30 Advocacy Brief: A Water Crisis in the Times of COVID 19, Wash Cluster Yemen, June 2020\n\n\n\nTo con\ufffdnue providing protec\ufffdon services to IDPs and host communi\ufffdes, the Protec\ufffdon\nCluster had to adapt its modality of delivery, by adhering to Covid-19 preven\ufffdve measures.\nSome of the ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes delivered in community centers, including PSS support, legal counselling and some aspects of case management shi\ufffded to remote modali\ufffdes, using phones, or\nother virtual pla\ufffdorms. Ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes requiring large gatherings, such as awareness sessions,\ncommunity mee\ufffdngs and recrea\ufffdonal ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes have been suspended. As of end of September, partners are gradually resuming, including a more direct follow up of protec\ufffdon cases,\nand protec\ufffdon monitoring/ vulnerability assessment of IDPs in hos\ufffdng sites and those with\nhost communi\ufffdes, with due a\ufffden\ufffdon to COVID 19 protocols.\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection Response**\n\nResponse Includes Child Protection, Women Protection, and Mine Action Areas of Responsibility (AoR) Jan - Sep 2020\n\n\nRESPONSE AGE AND GENDER ASSISTANCE MONTHLY TREND PARTNERSHIPS\n\n\n\n**4.7M**\n**Individuals targeted**\n**( 48% Reached )**\n\n**21**\n**Governorates reached**\n**( out of 22 )**\n\n**305**\n**Districts reached**\n**( out of 335 )**\n\n\n\n\n\n**852K**\n**(38%)**\n\n\n\n400,000\n\n350,000\n\n300,000\n\n250,000\n\n200,000\n\n150,000\n\n100,000\n\n50,000\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n**(24%)**\n\n\n\n**62**\n**Protection Partners**\n\n\n\n**Girls**\n\n\n\n**11**\n**INGO**\n\n\n\n**47**\n**NNGO**\n\n\n\n**1**\n**GOV**\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep\n\n\n\n**3**\n**UN**\n\n\n\nINDIVIDUALS REACHED PER ACTIVITY\n\n\n\nProtection Monitoring\n\n\n**400,017**\n\n\nCash assistance\n\n\n**244,164**\n\n\nLegal Assistance\n\n**26,024**\n\n\nCommunity Resiliency\n\n\n**21,227**\n\n\n\nCommunity-Based Initiatives\n\n\n**23,001**\n\n\nCommunity-Based Protection\nNetworks and Committees\n\n**770**\n\n\nCapacity-Building\n\n**1,320**\n\n\nCommunity Centres\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n\nMine Risk Education\n\n**240,258**\n\n\n\nGBV Multi-Sectoral\nServices\n\n**248,825**\n\n\nGBV Capacity\nBuilding\n\n**144**\n\n\n\nGBV Awarness and\nCommunity Resilience\n\n**672,830**\n\n\nIncome Generating\nActivities and Skills Building\n\n**23,825**\n\nChild Protection\n\n\n\nWomen and Girls Safe\nCentres / Spaces\n\n**55**\n\n\nDignity Kits Distributed\n\n\n**5,166**\n\n\n\nCritical Child Protection\nServices\n\n\n\nPsychosocial Support for Children and and Caregivers\n\n**350,722**\n\n\nEstimated Area, in Square Meters, of Land Cleared or Surveyed\n\n**1,565,414**\n\n\n\n**10,197**\n\n\n\nMine Action(*)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key messages from the Protection Cluster**\n\n\n**On the Protec\ufffdon of Civilians and internal displacement**\n\nAll par\ufffdes to the conflict are urged to fully fulfill their obliga\ufffdons to respect Interna\ufffdonal Humanitarian\nLaw, in par\ufffdcular the principles of dis\ufffdnc\ufffdon, propor\ufffdonality and precau\ufffdon and all provisions\nconcerning the protec\ufffdon of civilians and the preven\ufffdon of forced displacement.\n\n\nAll par\ufffdes to the conflict should cease indiscriminate a\ufffdacks against residen\ufffdal areas, resul\ufffdng in casual\ufffdes and forcible displacement; against civilian infrastructure, including health and educa\ufffdon structures, which are essen\ufffdal to the daily life of the civilian popula\ufffdon.\n\n\nAll par\ufffdes to the conflict are urged to respond favorably to the UN Secretary General\u2019s call of 25 March\n2020 for a na\ufffdon-wide ceasefire.\n\n\nAuthori\ufffdes must uphold the rights of IDPs to freely move within the country. While authori\ufffdes may\ntake propor\ufffdonate measures such as quaran\ufffdne necessary to halt the spread of Covid-19, these measures must not arbitrarily infringe the rights of IDPs to freedom of movement.\n\n\n**On the protec\ufffdon of women and girls**\n\nPar\ufffdes should commit to prevent and address conflict-related sexual violence, and to facilitate safe\naccess for humanitarian service providers to deliver assistance to survivors of sexual and gender-based\nviolence.\n\n\nThe authori\ufffdes as well as all interna\ufffdonal and local humanitarian and development actors are called\nupon to ensure the collec\ufffdon of sex and age disaggrated data and are encouraged to commit to\nstrengthening women\u2019s overall social and economic empowerment through their respec\ufffdve interven\ufffdons and programming, and to take special measures to ensure that women and girls are able to access\nhumanitarian assistance.\n\n**On humanitarian access**\n\nIn line with their obliga\ufffdons under IHL and other interna\ufffdonal standards, all par\ufffdes to the conflict are\ncalled upon to facilitate safe and unimpeded access for humanitarian ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes, including those of\nprotec\ufffdon actors.\n\n\nAll humanitarian actors as well as donors and members states are encouraged to con\ufffdnue advoca\ufffdng\nfor unimpeded humanitarian access to popula\ufffdons for all sectors \u2013 including protec\ufffdon \u2013 to assess\nneeds, respond and monitor the situa\ufffdon of all affected popula\ufffdon, including the displaced and\npersons with specific needs.\n\n\n**On support from donors and humanitarian actors**\n\nDonors are encouraged to increase funding for protec\ufffdon ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes, including data collec\ufffdon for\nprotec\ufffdon analysis for the Protec\ufffdon Cluster and its AoRs (Child Protec\ufffdon, Women Protec\ufffdon and\nMine Ac\ufffdon) and to other sectors to ensure protec\ufffdon-informed responses that will mi\ufffdgate and\nrespond to iden\ufffdfied protec\ufffdon risks.\n\n\nIn line with global commitments regarding \u201ccentrality of protec\ufffdon\u201d, all sectors and lead agencies in\nthe humanitarian response should ensure that protec\ufffdon is effec\ufffdvely mainstreamed and integrated\nin their programmes, ensuring that ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes are designed according to \u201cdo no harm\u201d principles, priori\ufffdze safety, promote and facilitate safe access for all in need, develop or strengthen complaint mechanisms and accountability measures (including through the development of protocols, process, and\nconcrete ac\ufffdon plans for PSEA), and are developed and delivered through meaningful par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon of\nthe affected popula\ufffdon.\n\n\nHumanitarian actors are urged to con\ufffdnue and to increase collec\ufffdon of informa\ufffdon that will help\nassess the protec\ufffdon situa\ufffdon and inform protec\ufffdon analysis, ensuring the collec\ufffdon, analysis and use\nof sex and age disaggregated data, and that repor\ufffdng captures gender, age and diversity dimensions.\n\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "General Protection\n\n\nChild Protection\n\n\nWomen Protection\n\n\nMine Action\n\n\n\n**Protection Cluster - Yemen**\n\n\nFor More Information, Please Contact:\n\nProtection Cluster Coordinator\n**Nicholas Hart**\n\n**hart@unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ce83165e-1336-3b91-9abd-9e9c1afc938a/Yemen%20PC%20Protection%20Brief-%20OCT2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_758/raw/doc_758_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_758/raw/doc_758_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1f7aede9134df0d4677e134ec420146878e71ec2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_758/raw/doc_758_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **YEMEN**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Operational Context Protection Environment**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n**Almost six years ago,** Yemen slipped into a deadly conflict that provoked the worst humanitarian\ncrisis in the world. Since its escalation in 2015, at least 7,825 civilians have been killed including\n2,138 children and 933 women and more than 12,000 have been injured, [1] and over 4 million people\nare estimated to have been internally displaced. [2] Indiscriminate attacks and the repeated use of\nexplosive weapons continue to be the distinguishing features of the conflict. Almost all types of\nexplosive weapons are believed to have been used in Yemen. [3] These weapons are notorious for\nfailing to precisely hit intended military targets and for causing damage hundreds of meters away\nfrom their original target. [4] The use of explosive weapons in densely populated areas has been particularly alarming, with civilians reportedly making up 95 percent of casualties caused in such\nincidents. [5]\n\n\nIn 2020, more than 2,000 civilians were killed or injured, [6] and over 172,000 people were displaced\n(DTM. Yemen). The proximity of fighting to residential areas has resulted in widespread damage to\ncivilian property, with over 4,600 houses and farms damaged, mostly in Al Hudaydah and Taizz\ngovernorates. [7] In a country that struggles with already weakened infrastructure, armed attacks have\ndamaged critical infrastructure including transport, health, education, water and telecommunications. In disregard of International Humanitarian Law, the parties to the conflict are often accused of\nplacing military objectives near civilian population, [8] which likely contributed to the devastating\nimpact on civilians.\n\n\nThe conflict continues to impede physical and economic access to food, leaving an estimated 13.5\nmillion people in food crisis, which is expected to rise to 16.2 million in the first half of 2021. [9] Flooding caused casualties, displacement and destruction of property, while the Covid-19 pandemic, with\nan already overstrained health system, worsened existing protection risks. Meanwhile, years of\nconflict combined with other factors has led to the collapse of public institutions and diminished\ntheir capacity to prevent and respond to violations and abuse of rights.\n\n\nAmid a deepening crisis with multiple driving factors, restricted humanitarian access and lack of\nfunding remain a significant challenge, disrupting life-saving response to the plight of millions of\nYemenis. In 2020, more than 4,200 access related incidents were reported, affecting the unimpeded\ndelivery of humanitarian aid for up to 7.8 million people in need. [10] As of December 2020, 58 percent\nof the requested funding under the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) was received, [11] and the\nProtection Cluster remains critically underfunded. In view of the funding situation, ongoing conflict,\nCovid-19, and threats emanating from the safer tanker, for consecutive years, Yemen is ranked\namong the worst humanitarian crises to watch in 2021.\n\n\n\nThe protection situation in Yemen remains extremely volatile. Violations and abuse of rights, which\nmay \u201camount to war crimes\u201d have been reported. [12] In 2020, new frontlines emerged and existing\nhotspots such as in Al Hudaydah and Taizz governorates witnessed increased hostilities that killed,\ninjured and displaced civilians. In January 2020, Marib Governorate descended into large scale\nmilitary escalation, which persists to endanger the lives of civilians including nearly 1 million IDPs.\nWhile years of conflict, natural hazards and recurring disease outbreaks including Covid-19 have\ncaused widespread devastation to all civilians, persons with specific needs such as **children**,\n**Descendants of Bilal colloquially referred to as the Muhamasheen**, **people with disabilities** and\nolder persons have been disproportionately impacted. This protection brief will focus on the\nprotection situation of these four population groups.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Displacement Highlights (*)**\n\nNumber of Displaced HHs by Month\n\n\n5,672\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC\n\n\nTop 10 Districts with Displacement\n\n\n16.44%\n\n\n\n\n\nMarib\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n45.51%\n\n\n\n\n\n13.42%\n\n10.05%\n\n9.44%\n\n5.70%\n\n4.10%\n\n3.14%\n\n2.89%\n\n2.50%\n\n2.07%\n\n0.59%\n\n0.49%\n\n0.09%\n\n\n\n\n\nMarib Marib City Ad Durayhimi Qa'atabah Raghwan Khabb wa ash Medghal Ad Dhale'e Al Abr Al Khawkhah\n(Marib) (Marib) (Al Hudaydah) (Al Dhalee) (Marib) Sha'af (Marib) (Al Dhalee) (Hadramaut) (Al Hudaydah)\n(Al Jawf)\n\n\n- Data Source: DTM Yemen (as of 05 December, 2020)\nOnly 13 Governorates have been covered by DTM in 2020 **3**\n\n\n\nAl Hudaydah\n\nAl Dhale'e\n\nTaizz\n\nAl Jawf\n\nHadramaut\n\nLahj\n\nAbyan\n\nShabwah\n\nAl Maharah\n\nAden\n\nAl Bayda\n\nSocotra\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Yemen", - "confidence": 0.7631676197052002, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.5727793574333191, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.9217830896377563, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6030421257019043, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Displaced HHs", - "confidence": 0.6944006681442261, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Civilian Impact Highlights (*)**\n\n\n\n\n\nCivilian houses\nHouses & farms\nFarms\nCivilian vehicles\nLocal businesses\nInfrastructure (transport)\nInfrastructure (gov compounds)\nInfrastructure (health)\nInfrastructure (telecommunication)\nInfrastructure (education)\nInfrastructure (fuel)\nMarket\nCivilian gatherings\nInfrastructure (protected site)\nInfrastructure (water)\nIDP settlement\nInfrastructure (recreation)\nInfrastructure (aid)\nInfrastructure (food)\nInfrastructure (electricity)\nInfrastructure (first responders)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInjuries\n\n\n\nTop 10 Districts with Civilian\n\n\n\n79 - 247\n\n\n\nShelling\n\nAirstrike\n\n\n\n15%\n\n\n\n54%\n\n\n\n\n\nSAF\n\nSA/LW\n\nLandmine\n\nSniper\n\nIED\n\nUXO\n\nSeamine\n\nNaval shelling\n\nDrone strike\n\nHand grenade\n\n\n\n8%\n\n7%\n\n5%\n\n4%\n\n3%\n\n2%\n\n0.5%\n\n0.5%\n\n0.5%\n\n0.5%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Data Source: Civilian Impact Monitoring Project (Protection Cluster) ~~**3**~~\nThe data reflected covers the whole 2020 **1**\n\n\n\nAt Tuhayat Ad Durayhimi Hays Razih Al Hali Monabbih Qa'atabah Shada'a Bayt Al Faqiah Al Mudhaffar\n( Al Hudaydah ) ( Al Hudaydah ) ( Al Hudaydah ) ( Sa'ada ) ( Al Hudaydah ) ( Sa'ada ) ( Al Dhalee ) ( Sa'ada ) ( Al Hudaydah ) ( Taizz )\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection of Children**\n\nProtracted armed conflict, widespread economic collapse and breakdown of national systems and\nservices have left over 4 million children at risk and in severe need. It is estimated that boys and girls\nunder 18 make up approximately 55 percent [13] of the affected population in Yemen. They continue to\nbe exposed to serious risks including, family separation, displacement, maiming, killing and forced\nrecruitment.\n\n\nSince the escalation of the conflict in 2015, more than 13,000 grave violations against children have\nbeen recorded [14], with killing and maiming being the most prevalent (3,256 killed and 5,559 maimed).\nForced recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups remains considerably underreported, 3,513 children (3,452 boys, 61 girls), some as young as 12, have been recruited and used by\nparties so far. Moreover, hundreds of children have been arbitrarily detained or abducted while 7,270\nchildren (3,066 boys, 4,204 girls) have been separated from their families. Although sexual violence\nagainst children is believed to be recurrent, it is largely underreported due to fear of stigmatisation\nand lack of safe and appropriate specialised services. Years of conflict marked by serious violations\nis believed to have significantly affected the psychological wellbeing of children. Almost one third of\nchildren in Yemen exhibit signs of psychological distress. [15]\n\n\nSchools and hospitals continue to be hit or used for military purposes (229 schools and 148 hospitals). [16] In addition to physical safety risks, this severely affects access to education for children,\ncontinuity of their protected learning environment and future development, as well as access to\nhealthcare for children and adults. An estimated two million children, 20% of school aged\nchildren, [17] are out of school leaving them at a heightened risk of child labour and forced recruitment.\nLimited access to school and other services is compounded by lack of birth certificates. Around one\nmillion children in Yemen need birth certificates per year. [18] Children\u2019s access to birth certificates\nremains limited due to lack of awareness, bureaucratic procedures and conflict, especially for\nchildren in IDP sites. Without birth certificates, children are prevented from attending schools, which\nexposes them to child labour or other forms of exploitation and violence. Furthermore, in the\nabsence of a certificate to prove their age or their family origin, family reunification can be more\ncomplex and longer. Likewise, they are more vulnerable to forcible recruitment and risk of being\ntreated as adults in the justice system. [19]\n\n\nWomen and children make up 75 percent of the displaced population. [20] Displaced children, particularly in IDP sites face grave risks including exploitation and abuse. Out of nearly 1 million IDPs\nresiding in IDP sites and camp like settings, 55 percent are estimated to be child heads of households. [21] Child heads of households are left with the difficult responsibility of caring for their family\nmembers, which often puts them at increased risk of exploitation and abuse, as well as psychological distress. Many are also at risk of exclusion from humanitarian assistance and humanitarian\nresponse should focus on the most vulnerable, such as persons with disabilities or households\nheaded by women and children.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\nIn 2020, ongoing conflict coupled with Covid-19 has worsened the already fragile protection\nsituation. Owing to economic downturn exacerbated by Covid-19, an increasing number of children\nare forced to resort to harmful coping mechanisms such as child labour, child marriage, begging and\nsexual exploitation. Suicide attempts have been reported among children and caregivers especially\nin areas affected by conflict and as a result of lack of livelihood opportunities.\n\n\nIn 2020, child protection actors reached 298,402 children (150,396, boys 148,006 girls) with\npsychosocial support which aims in particular at developing resilience at community level and\n16,463 have been assisted through case management services including 550 victims of unexploded\nordnance. [22] More than 2,889 separated children including 1,260 girls have been supported with\nfamily tracing and reunification (FTR) while 517,600 children have been supported with the issuance\nof birth certificates. Furthermore, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility (AoR) actively\ncollaborates with other sectors to ensure that boys and girls, particularly child heads of households,\nare included in humanitarian programming and have access to critical humanitarian assistance\nincluding food, health and WASH services.\n\n\nChild protection response remains severely constrained, mostly due to funding gaps and restricted\nhumanitarian access. Although the provision of specialised protection services and support with\nlivelihood activities to children and their caregivers have proven to reduce protection risks, the lack\nof funding has led to a significant decrease of these interventions. Furthermore, children encounter\nlimited physical access, social and cultural barriers while attempting to access services. The\nabsence of robust national child protection systems exposes children to serious risks and hampers\nthe realisation of their rights.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection of the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen**\n\n\n\nTo ease the sense of marginalisation surrounding the group, the de facto authorities in Sana\u2019a recently renamed the Muhamasheen (\u2018the marginalised\u2019) to the \u201cDescendants of Bilal\u201d, after a highly\nrespected historical figure in the Muslim world, a former African slave and close companion of the\nProphet Mohammed, who led the first call to prayer.\n\n\nThe Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen are among the most if not the most deprived people in\nYemen. Sitting at the bottom of Yemen\u2019s social hierarchy, they experience deeply seated discrimination. Often distinguished by their non-tribal roots, [23] they are often viewed as outcasts. In Yemen,\ntribal affiliation is considered fundamental, with reportedly 80 percent of the population possessing\nmembership. [24] Falling outside of this structure, the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen face\nextreme levels of abuse and discrimination, severely exacerbated by the ongoing crisis. The number\nof Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen in Yemen is estimated to be between 500,000 and 3.5\nmillion. [25] Most of them are concentrated in Al Hudaydah, Taizz, Ibb, Lahj, Mahaweet, Hajjah and\nHadramout governorates, [26] often residing in vacant buildings, slums and near garbage sites [27], or\nsegregated in informal settlements.\n\n\nIn displacement situations, they are often prevented from renting places especially in urban centres\nor residing in collective centres, compelling them to live on open land or in informal settlements,\nwhich deprives them of direct access to public services and exposes them to serious risks including\nabuse, exploitation and evictions. Prior to evictions, Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen rarely\nreceive notice to collect their belongings, and in some instances, landlords had reportedly started fire\nto forcefully dislodge them. [28] These circumstances have forced them to move to unsafe locations\nincluding areas of active hostilities, with some expressing they \u201cpreferred the bombs\u201d than the\nmistreatment and abuse they experience in host communities and IDP sites. [29] Despite enduring\nsevere forms of abuse and exploitation, violations and abuse committed against the Descendants of\nBilal / Muhamasheen are largely left ignored. [30] Whilst no Yemeni law discriminates against them,\nthey face systematic prejudice within the justice system in accessing recourse to discrimination. [31]\n\n\nThe overwhelming majority of the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen are illiterate and unemployed. It is estimated that 98 percent never graduate, with most dropping out before finishing 3 [rd]\ngrade. [32] Most children withdraw from school because of harassment, bullying or to provide for their\nfamilies. [33] Moreover, only one in ten have access to livelihood opportunities. [34] Without formal education, most of them work in the informal sector often taking low-paid jobs such as cleaning and\ncollecting garbage. [35] Since the crisis, these jobs have become scarce, with other Yemenis increasingly taking over. [36] This will likely have a devastating impact on people with extremely limited alternatives. Unsurprisingly, the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen are among the most impacted\npopulation groups by food insecurity. [37]\n\n\n\n**5**\n\nFurther undermining their access to education, employment and essential services, most\nDescendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen lack identification documents, with only nine percent\nregistering at birth. [38] Lack of identification document also hinders their freedom of movement\nacross checkpoints and family reunification during displacement.\n\n\nAt the same time, they are often excluded from humanitarian aid. Apart from repeatedly voicing their\nmarginalised status, the humanitarian community needs to take stronger steps to ensure their\ninclusion. In a recent study, 70 percent of the surveyed Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen\nreported feeling excluded from humanitarian aid. [39] Their exclusion is also linked to the involvement\nof community leaders in identifying beneficiaries, as many are accused of diverting aid meant for\nDescendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen. [40] Because of their social status, community leaders take little\ninterest in ensuring their inclusion.\n\n\nLimited humanitarian assistance and absolute poverty have forced Descendants of Bilal /\nMuhamasheen to adopt dangerous coping measures. Many are reportedly engaged in child marriage\nand young boys are often forcibly recruited into armed groups. [41] Men often force women and\nchildren to beg, which could leave them at heightened risks of abuse.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster continues to provide cash assistance for the most vulnerable including the\nDescendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen, to prevent and reduce protection risks. In 2020, more than\n670,000 people have been assisted with cash. Moreover, legal assistance which encompasses\nsupport with issuance of identification documents is regularly provided. In 2020, 42,375 people\nincluding Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen have been provided with legal assistance. In\naddition, with the aim of improving their living conditions, the CCCM Cluster in collaboration with\nother clusters are making significant efforts to upgrade IDP hosting sites, where many Descendants\nof Bilal / Muhamasheen reside.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection of People with Disabilities**\n\nWithout a countrywide assessment, the accurate figure of people with disabilities (PWDs) remains\nundetermined. Based on World Health Organisation\u2019s global estimates, more than 4.6 million people\nin Yemen live with some form of disability. [42] Considering the continuing occurrence of conflict-related injuries, malnutrition and the severe impact of the conflict and displacement on mental wellbeing,\nthe number is believed to be higher. [43] In the first year of the conflict alone, approximately 6,000\npeople reportedly became disabled, mostly due to explosive hazards, blasts and gun shots. [44] Even\nafter fighting ends, remnants of war will continue to pose a threat, heightening the risk of disability\nin Yemen. [45]\n\n\nIn the ongoing conflict, PWDs are among the most affected population groups. Many of them face\ndifficulty fleeing violence, putting them at amplified risks of injuries and death. Some civilians have\nreported leaving behind their family members with disabilities, including in areas of active hostilities,\ndue to the abrupt nature of armed attacks and logistical challenges. [46] In extreme cases, they were\nabandoned while chained. [47] PWDs who managed to flee are often forced to undertake taxing\njourneys, in most cases without assistive devices. In certain instances, the journey worsened their\ncondition, or led to disability. [48] In the event of secondary or further displacement, which is a common\noccurrence in Yemen, PWDs are forced to repeat these journeys. [49]\n\n\nIn situations of displacement, particularly in IDP sites, PWDs face tremendous challenges. Most\nwithout assistive devices struggle to go out or access latrines. Latrines in nearly all IDP sites lack\nhandles or chairs rendering them inaccessible for persons with physical disability. [50] Moreover,\nsubstandard living conditions coupled with lack of security in IDP sites magnifies their exposure to\ndiseases, abuse or exploitation. Due to their condition, many PWDs experience discrimination, in part\ndue to a lack of understanding of what it means to be a PWD, their needs and failure to recognise\ntheir capacities. This is compounded by lack of hygiene materials restricting their ability to maintain\ncleanliness. [51] To avoid ostracization from the community, families often confine PWDs at home or\ninside tents, creating feelings of isolation, [52] which in turn affects their mental wellbeing and limits\ntheir access to information, participation in needs assessments and ultimately access to assistance.\n\n\nFor women, children and Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen with disabilities, the difficulties are\nfar more severe. Women and girls with disabilities are at higher risk of gender-based violence, [53] and\ndisabled Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen are frequently deprived of access to services. [54] Meanwhile, disabled children have very limited access to education, facing barriers particularly if schools\nare not equipped to accommodate the needs of children with disabilities e.g. specialised teachers,\nbraille or sign language experts. Even when enrolled most drop out because of bullying and harassment. [55]\n\n\n\nIn addition to facing serious risks, PWDs lack access to vital services including health and education.\nFor more than 28 million people, there are only 40 psychiatrists, four specialised hospitals, [56] and one\nunderequipped prosthetic center in southern Yemen. [57] Generalised hospitals are largely inaccessible\nfor PWDs, owing to high costs and long distances, as most facilities are located in urban areas, [58] and\nmost are ill equipped to address the needs of PWDs. In addition, due to Covid-19, PWDs requiring\nfrequent medical check-ups could not access hospitals, while those suffering from respiratory\nissues lack access to ventilators, as they are only reserved for Covid-19 patients. [59]\n\n\nAt the same time, PWDs are mostly absent from the labour force and other income generating\nactivities. Although the Yemen labour law obliges employers, depending on their resources, to\nallocate five percent employment to PWDs, it largely remains unimplemented. [60] Moreover, PWDs are\nmandatorily required to provide disability certificates to gain access to employment, which most are\nunable to produce due to lack of means to cover associated costs. [61] In this context, PWDs struggle\nto meet their most basic needs, including food, housing and medical care. Further, few organisations\nsupporting PWDs are currently operating.\n\n\nFollowing the escalation of conflict in 2015, more than 300 organisations working on people with\ndisabilities ceased functioning, [62] drastically reducing the assistance provided to PWDs. Disability\norganisations have also come under direct armed attack. For instance, an airstrike reportedly\ndestroyed the Illumination Center for the Protection and Rehabilitation of Persons with Visual Impairments, which assisted the most vulnerable, including orphans. [63] The breakdown of institutions\ndedicated to support PWDs, means that they receive little to no external support.\n\n\nDespite lacking adequate support and facing multiple challenges, PWDs are among the most excluded groups from humanitarian assistance. An assessment of 40 humanitarian agencies in Yemen\nfound that 95 percent neither disaggregate data by disability nor integrate the needs of PWDs in their\nprogramming, [64] which clearly demonstrates the minimal attention given to their plight. Even when\nassistance is provided, it often fails to meet their specific needs. For instance, some food items\nprovided are not suitable for people who have difficulty chewing. [65] This is in part attributed to the\nlack of consultation with PWDs. In a recent study, 70 percent of respondents including PWDs reported the near absence of consultation about their needs and service delivery modality. [66] Moreover,\npeople with disabilities are often absent from community groups, IDP site management and other\ndecision-making forums, [67] which contributes to the lack of decisions that factor in their special\nneeds and vulnerabilities. Significant efforts are underway by humanitarian actors to ensure the\ninclusion of PWDs and enhance response to their specific needs, including through highlighting their\nneeds and required response in the 2021 HNO and HRP, and strengthening the capacity on PWD,\nincluding through trainings and hiring specialised staff.\n\n\nLimited or no access to income and severely constrained access to humanitarian assistance have\nforced PWDs and their family members to adopt harmful coping measures such as begging.\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7**\n\n\n\nTo prevent and reduce the risks faced by PWDs, the Protection Cluster\u2019s partners provide cash assistance. In 2020, more than 670,000 people including PWDs were provided with cash assistance. With the objective\nof mitigating the damaging impact of the crisis in Yemen, Cluster\u2019s partners continue to provide psychosocial support. In 2020, over 35,000 people were assisted with psychosocial support. To avoid injuries, thereby\nreducing disability caused by explosive hazards, the Mine Action Area of Responsibility clears/surveys contaminated land and provides mine risk education. In 2020, 394, 794 people benefitted from mine risk education and 2.9 million square meters of land was surveyed or cleared of landmines and other explosive ordnances. In 2021, a YHF protection project will be implemented in Al Mokha district, Taizz Governorate, providing specialised protection services for 3,600 vulnerable adults and children with disability, including through the provision of assistive devices.\n\n\nMoreover, the Protection Cluster is continuing efforts to ensure the inclusion of persons with specific needs, including PWDs in humanitarian programming.\n\n\n_With the help of his wife and his crutches, Abdo walks around IDP hosting site in Aden. Abdo fled his home in Taizz with his family when fighting escalated in their area._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection of Older Persons**\n\nIn Yemen, over 1.3 million people are 60 years of age and older. [68] Due to their age and specific vulnerabilities, the crisis has had a disproportionate impact on older people. They often face difficulty\nfleeing conflict, become disabled while attempting to escape, [69] risk worsening their health conditions, get separated from their families, and in some cases are intentionally left behind to manage\nproperty. When left in unsafe locations, including areas of active hostilities, they are exposed to\nserious risks such as injury and death.\n\n\nIn displacement situations, older persons struggle to access basic services, in part due to limited\nmobility and difficulty in communicating needs, lack of information on the services available, cost of\nservices with older people often being financially worse off, and higher needs for specific items (e.g.\nmedication for chronic diseases and mobility aids) which are not available or are too expensive.\nOlder persons who are separated from their families often suffer from depression, and are more\nsusceptible to abuse, exploitation and sexual violence. According to an assessment covering eight\ndistricts in Lahj, Taizz and Sana\u2019a governorates, 51 percent of older women and 48 percent of older\nmen consider isolation and neglect as serious safety risks. [70] Even if not separated, older people can\nbe more susceptible to abuse or confinement by family members which can go unseen or unchallenged.\n\n\nAn estimated 65 percent of older people (70 percent women and 61 percent men) do not have an\nincome and 67 percent of older people (62 percent women and 71 percent men) have had to borrow\nsince the conflict began. [71] Meanwhile, they often assume the demanding responsibility of caring for\nlarge families. Per the aforementioned assessment, 59 percent of older women and 51 percent of\nolder men, many of whom are in their 70\u2019s, care for seven to eight dependents. [72] At the same time, 69\npercent of older persons rely on others to meet their needs. [73] This often takes a heavy toll on their\npsychological wellbeing, with many forced to adopt harmful coping measures such as selling their\nproperty and begging. In such cases, dependents are also at risk of being deprived from receiving\nassistance, for example if their elderly carer has mobility issues, is a single female head of household\nand cannot go to a registration or distribution site unaccompanied by a male, or lacks identification\ndocument.\n\n\nMoreover, older persons have severely restricted access to services. Despite making up 31 percent\nof cholera related deaths in 2018, [74] nearly 50 percent of older persons did not have access to medical\ncare. This is further compounded by the Covid-19 pandemic. [75] To allay misconstrued fears of\ncontracting Covid-19, older persons mostly avoid going to hospitals, which in some cases worsened\ntheir condition. [76] The limited access to services is exacerbated by lack of documentation, which\nremains to be a critical barrier.\n\n\n\nMoreover, older persons struggle to access humanitarian assistance. About 90 percent of older\npersons who took part in a survey reported feeling excluded from humanitarian assistance, including\nolder women who felt 100 percent excluded. [77] Older people can tend to be overlooked by humanitarian agencies with an assumption that they are taken care of by families who can \u2018speak for them\u2019. The\nlast major assessment done in 2019 showed that only 22 percent of older people had been consulted\nby humanitarian agencies and only nine percent of older people (seven percent women and 12\npercent men) knew how to make a complaint or provide feedback on humanitarian services. Of older\npeople with a disability, only 19 percent had been consulted about their needs (18 percent women\nand 19 percent men) and 91 percent said they did not know how to provide their opinion or make a\ncomplaint about the services provided. [78]\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster\u2019s partners continue to provide older persons with vital services including cash\nassistance, psychosocial support and legal assistance. Protection partners have also conducted\nassessments to better understand and inform the wider humanitarian community about the needs\nof older persons.\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Protection Response**\n\nResponse Includes Child Protection, Women Protection, and Mine Action Areas of Responsibility (AoR) Jan - Dec 2020\n\n\n\n~~**9**~~\n\n\n\nRESPONSE AGE AND GENDER ASSISTANCE MONTHLY TREND PARTNERSHIPS\n\n\n\n**4.7M**\n**Individuals targeted**\n**( 86% Reached )**\n\n**21**\n**Governorates reached**\n**( out of 22 )**\n\n**314**\n**Districts reached**\n**( out of 335 )**\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n\n\n\n**1.4M**\n**(34%)**\n\n\n\n800,000\n\n700,000\n\n600,000\n\n500,000\n\n400,000\n\n300,000\n\n200,000\n\n100,000\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n**(25%)**\n\n\n\n**69**\n**Protection Partners**\n\n\n\n**Girls**\n\n\n\n**11**\n**INGO**\n\n\n\n**52**\n**NNGO**\n\n\n\n**3**\n**GOV**\n\n\n\n**3**\n**UN**\n\n\n\nINDIVIDUALS REACHED PER ACTIVITY\n\n\n\nProtection Monitoring\n\n\n**1,138,616**\n\n\nCash assistance\n\n\n**676,953**\n\n\nLegal Assistance\n\n**42,375**\n\n\nCommunity Resilience\n\n\n**35,774**\n\n\n\nCommunity-Based Initiatives\n\n\n**23,548**\n\n\nCommunity-Based Protection\nNetworks and Committees\n\n**926**\n\n\nCapacity-Building\n\n**2,407**\n\n\nCommunity Centres\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\nMine Risk Education\n\n**394,794**\n\n\n\nGBV Multi-Sectoral\nServices\n\n**308,862**\n\n\nGBV Capacity\nBuilding\n\n**215**\n\n\n\nGBV Awarness and\nCommunity Resilience\n\n**899,378**\n\n\nIncome Generating\nActivities and Skills Building\n\n**39,035**\n\nChild Protection\n\n\n\nWomen and Girls Safe\nCentres / Spaces\n\n**55**\n\n\nDignity Kits Distributed\n\n\n**5,230**\n\n\n\nCritical Child Protection\nServices\n\n\n\nPsychosocial Support for Children and and Caregivers\n\n**452,970**\n\n\nEstimated Area, in Square Meters, of Land Cleared or Surveyed\n\n**2,948,652**\n\n\n\n**16,346**\n\n\n\nMine Action\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n**TO PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\nAll parties to the conflict are urged to fully fulfil their obligations to respect International Humanitarian Law, in\nparticular the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution and all provisions concerning the protection of civilians, including children, and the prevention of forced displacement.\n\n\nAll parties to the conflict should cease indiscriminate attacks against residential areas, resulting in casualties,\nforcible displacement and risks to the safe passage of civilians, particularly older persons and people with\ndisabilities; including against civilian infrastructure, such as health and education structures, which are essential to the daily life of the civilian population.\n\n\nAll parties to the conflict are urged to protect children (below 18 years of age) from forced recruitment in accordance with IHL and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provisions.\n\n\nAll parties to the conflict are urged to respond favourably to the UN Secretary General\u2019s call of 25 March 2020\nfor a nation-wide ceasefire.\n\n\n**TO HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\nAll humanitarian actors are strongly urged to disaggregate data by disability, gender and age.\n\n\nAll humanitarian actors should adopt child safeguarding and safe programming in their response and an intersectoral approach to child protection.\n\n\nHumanitarian actors are strongly encouraged to address the specific needs of people with disabilities, older\npersons and the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen.\n\n\nHumanitarian actors are urged to consult people in need, particularly the Descendants of Bilal / Muhamasheen,\nolder persons and people with disabilities to better integrate their needs in their response.\n\n\n**TO DONORS**\n\n\nEnsure funding for multi-sectoral programming that recognises the centrality of protection and the need for\nspecialized child protection, GBV and other programmes supporting the inclusion of the Descendants of Bilal /\nMuhamasheen, PWDs and older people.\n\n\nDonors are encouraged to scale up funding for protection programs in general.\n\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c77e52f-7bd6-39a2-a827-3c5187a11f1b/Yemen%20Protection%20Brief%20-%20January%202021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_759/raw/doc_759_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_759/raw/doc_759_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4871d4a41f2d6ad56b327dc554c6b94c33bf0190..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_759/raw/doc_759_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **The global compact on refugees** _ZERO DRAFT_\n\n_(as at 31 January 2018)_\n\n\n_Paras_\n\n\n**I.** **Introduction** ...................................................................................................................... 1-4\n**II.** **Comprehensive refugee response framework (CRRF)** ..................................................... 5\n**III.** **Programme of action** ...................................................................................................... 6-75\n**A. Principal modalities for burden- and responsibility-sharing** .............................. 12-34\n1. _**National arrangements and global platform**_ _...................................................._ 14-16\n_**2. Solidarity conferences**_ _......................................................................................._ 17-18\n_**3. Additional funding and efficient use of resources**_ _..........................................._ 19-22\n_**4. Regional organizations**_ _....................................................................................._ 23-24\n_**5. A multi-stakeholder approach**_ _..........................................................................._ 25-32\n_**6. Data and evidence**_ ............................................................................................. 33-34\n**B.** **Support for the application of the CRRF** ........................................................... 35-75\n_**1. Reception and admission**_ _..................................................................................._ 36-47\n1.1 Preparedness, contingency planning and early warning .................................... 36\n1.2 Immediate reception arrangements ............................................................... 37-38\n1.3 Safety and security ............................................................................................ 39\n1.4 Registration and documentation ................................................................... 40-41\n1.5 Addressing specific needs ............................................................................ 42-43\n1.6 Identifying international protection needs .................................................... 44-47\n_**2. Meeting needs and supporting communities**_ _...................................................._ 48-64\n2.1 Education ...................................................................................................... 52-53\n2.2 Jobs and livelihoods .......................................................................................... 54\n2.3 Health ........................................................................................................... 55-56\n2.4 Accommodation, energy and natural resource management ........................ 57-59\n2.5 Civil registries .............................................................................................. 60-62\n2.6 Gender ............................................................................................................... 63\n2.7 Other areas of action .......................................................................................... 64\n_**3. Solutions**_ _............................................................................................................_ 65-75\n3.1 Voluntary repatriation .................................................................................. 66-68\n3.2 Resettlement ................................................................................................. 69-71\n3.3 Other pathways for admission to third countries .......................................... 72-73\n3.4 Local solutions ............................................................................................. 74-75\n**IV. Follow-up arrangements** .............................................................................................. 76-79\n\n## **I. Introduction**\n\n\n1. Refugee issues are international in scope and nature, necessitating concerted action\nby all in a true spirit of international cooperation. [1] Building on the foundation of the\ninternational refugee protection regime, [2] the global compact on refugees will strengthen\ninternational cooperation to ease pressures on the host countries involved; to enhance refugee\nself-reliance; to expand access to third-country solutions; and to support conditions in\ncountries of origin for return in safety and dignity. [3] The global compact addresses a perennial\n\n\n[1] Preamble, recital 4, 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (United Nations, _Treaty_\n\nSeries, vol. 189, No. 2545).\n\n[2] The international refugee protection regime is a dynamic body of universal and regional refugee law\n\nand standards, founded on the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967\nProtocol thereto (United Nations, _Treaty Series_, vol. 606, No. 8791), complemented by international\nhuman rights and humanitarian law instruments (such as article 14 of the Universal Declaration on\nHuman Rights (A/RES/3/217 A)), and relevant regional instruments, such as the 1969 OAU\nConvention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (United Nations, _Treaty_\n_Series_ [, vol. 1001, No. 14691) and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html)\n\n[3] Para 18, Annex I, New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (A/RES/71/1) (New York\n\nDeclaration).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "gap in the international system for the protection of refugees: the need for more predictable\nand equitable burden- and responsibility-sharing among States, together with other\nstakeholders.\n\n\n2. The success of the global compact will ultimately hinge on how much progress is\nmade in the following areas: (1) sustained international financial and other forms of support\nto refugees and host communities; (2) strengthened national refugee response capacity; (3)\nimproved socio-economic conditions for refugees and host communities, notably women and\ngirls; and (4) enhanced efforts to resolve protracted situations, resulting in increased\nprospects for durable solutions.\n\n\n3. Based on a two-year process of engagement with States and consultations with other\nrelevant stakeholders, and drawing upon early lessons learned from the application of the\ncomprehensive refugee response framework (CRRF), the global compact seeks to transform\nthe international community\u2019s approach to providing protection, assistance, and solutions for\nrefugees and supporting host countries and communities.\n\n\n4. The global compact on refugees consists of two parts:\n\n\n(i) the CRRF, as adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in the New\n[York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (A/RES/71/1) (New York](http://www.unhcr.org/57e39d987)\nDeclaration), Annex I; and\n\n\n(ii) the programme of action, which underpins the CRRF and facilitates its\napplication.\n\n## **II. Comprehensive refugee response framework (CRRF)**\n\n\n5. The first part of the global compact is the CRRF, as set out in the New York\n[Declaration, Annex I.](http://www.unhcr.org/57e39d987)\n\n## **III. Programme of action**\n\n\n6. The second part of the global compact is the programme of action, as set out below.\n\n\n7. The purpose of the programme of action is to facilitate the application of a\ncomprehensive response in support of countries particularly affected by a large movement of\nrefugees, a protracted situation, or other context, [4] as may be appropriate. The programme of\naction envisages generic support measures that would be translated into mutually reinforcing\narrangements, contextualized and adapted to the specifics of each situation at the country\nand/or regional level.\n\n\n8. More specifically, this would result in:\n\n\n - a broadened base of sustainable support for refugees and host countries through the\nengagement of a wide array of relevant stakeholders;\n\n\n - stronger and more predictable humanitarian and development responses that are\nconsistent with national development strategies and support sustainable development;\n\n\n - increased investments in building human capital and resilience through support to\neducation and livelihood opportunities for host communities and refugees, pending the\nrealization of durable solutions; and\n\n\n - strengthened focus on addressing root causes and planning for solutions, including\nvoluntary repatriation and resettlement, from the onset of emergencies.\n\n\n9. The programme of action is based on the recognition that humanitarian, development,\nand peace efforts are complementary and reinforce each other in order to: address the root\ncauses of forced displacement; meet the needs of refugees and host communities; and realize\ndurable solutions. It is in line with the sustainable development agenda [5] and ongoing United\nNations reforms in the areas of prevention, peace, security, development, and peacebuilding.\n\n\n[4] E.g. mixed situations involving refugees and migrants.\n\n[5] [As set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development](http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/)\n\nGoals.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It also links to broader United Nations efforts to combat racism, discrimination, and\nxenophobia.\n\n\n10. The programme of action invites engagement by States and other relevant\nstakeholders, including local authorities; international organizations within and outside the\nUnited Nations system; other development actors and international financial institutions;\nregional organizations; civil society, including faith-based organizations; academics and\nother experts; the private sector; media; and refugees themselves (hereinafter \u201crelevant\nstakeholders\u201d). [6]\n\n\n11. Age, gender, and diversity considerations will guide all aspects of the programme of\naction, informed by the imperatives of promoting gender equality and empowering women\nand girls, as well as by the best interests of the child.\n\n\n**A.** **Principal modalities for burden- and responsibility-sharing**\n\n\n12. Countries that receive and host refugees, often for extended periods, make an\nimmense contribution to the collective good, and indeed to the cause of humanity. It is\nimperative that these countries obtain the support of the international community as a whole\nin leading the response. There is an urgent need to broaden the support base in a wide range\nof areas.\n\n\n13. The following modalities would serve to mobilize sustained attention and additional\nfinancial, material, and technical resources for specific situations; encourage regional\ncontributions; foster solutions; involve a wide range of actors; and to do so in a coherent\nmanner.\n\n\n**1.** **National arrangements and global platform**\n\n\n14. Host States could, where relevant, establish **national arrangements** to coordinate and\nfacilitate the efforts of national and local authorities, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and refugees working to achieve a comprehensive response.\nThis could take the form of a steering group to provide policy direction at the national level,\nsupported by a secretariat.\n\n\n15. Such efforts could result in a comprehensive plan prepared by the host State, in\nconsultation with UNHCR and other relevant stakeholders, setting out policy priorities,\ninstitutional arrangements, and requirements for investments, financing, and solutions, based\non identified needs.\n\n\n16. In support of host countries and communities leading the response, UNHCR will, as\nneeded, convene a **global platform** to assist with a comprehensive response to specific\nsituations. Bringing together interested States, the platform will provide strategic support and\nfacilitate more equitable and predictable burden- and responsibility-sharing, taking into\naccount differing capacities and resources. Participants will be invited to contribute to the\ncomprehensive response, including through solidarity conferences (see section 2 below), and\nwill mobilize and involve other stakeholders as appropriate. [7] The platform could support the\nsearch for solutions and, if found appropriate, measures to address root causes of\ndisplacement. It will neither engage in operational activities nor duplicate existing\ncoordination mechanisms.\n\n\n**2.** **Solidarity conferences**\n\n\n17. Drawing on good practice, a solidarity conference could be organized in support of\nhost States, with the assistance of UNHCR and others, to facilitate burden- and\nresponsibility-sharing for a specific situation. The conference would seek to broaden the base\nof support beyond traditional humanitarian appeals to donors. Solidarity conferences would\n\n\n[6] See also para 2, Annex I, New York Declaration. Wherever possible, specific actors have been\n\nidentified throughout the programme of action. However, in some cases relevant actors will be\ndependent on the specific context and situation.\n\n[7] This could include the World Bank Group, regional organizations, other United Nations bodies and\n\ninternational organizations, other development actors and financial institutions, the private sector,\nlocal authorities, and non-governmental organizations.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "engage high-level representatives from key stakeholders. Outcomes could include follow-up\nmechanisms and reporting on progress, including from an age, gender, and diversity\nperspective.\n\n\n18. Country or region-specific compacts that articulate a set of mutual commitments by\nhost States, other States, and relevant stakeholders could be developed, as appropriate.\n\n\n**3.** **Additional funding and efficient use of resources**\n\n\n19. The mobilization of additional funding is key to the successful implementation of the\nglobal compact, bearing in mind the interest of all relevant stakeholders in maximizing the\neffective use of resources.\n\n\n20. Interested States and relevant stakeholders [8] will mobilize additional resources to\nsupport host countries and communities, including through:\n\n\n - adequate financing for the emergency response, including flexible, unearmarked,\nand multi-year funding wherever possible; and\n\n - dedicated development resources, over and above regular development\nprogrammes, through both bilateral and multilateral channels, in the form of\ngrants or loans under highly concessional terms which include direct benefits to\nhost communities, as well as to refugees. [9]\n\n\n21. Development actors, including international financial institutions, will step up their\nengagement in support of refugees and host communities, and include the impact of a refugee\nsituation in formulating policy recommendations. They will follow \u201caid effectiveness\u201d [10]\nprinciples, including the primacy of country ownership and leadership, and the importance\nof partnerships with the private sector and civil society.\n\n\n22. Interested States and relevant stakeholders will explore opportunities for private\nsector investment and job creation in refugee-hosting areas through:\n\n\n - assessing venture and infrastructure investment opportunities that are commercially\nsustainable, including identifying impediments to their being undertaken; and\n\n - recommending and supporting, at the request of the host State, policy measures and\nde-risking arrangements to capitalize on commercial investment opportunities that\nalso serve the public interest.\n\n\n**4.** **Regional organizations**\n\n\n23. Refugee movements often have a significant regional impact. In recognition of their\nimportant role, regional organizations could consider, in cooperation with relevant States,\ncontributing to the development and application of a comprehensive response. They will be\ninvolved in the global platform and solidarity conferences, as appropriate.\n\n\n24. To bring in different perspectives and experiences, exchange of good practices among\nrelevant organizations will be facilitated by UNHCR on a regular basis.\n\n\n**5.** **A multi-stakeholder approach**\n\n\n25. In order to strengthen a multi-stakeholder approach, the following arrangements are\nforeseen: [11]\n\n\n26. Responses are most effective when they actively engage those they are intended to\nprotect and assist. National authorities, UNHCR, and other relevant stakeholders will\n\n\n[8] This could include the World Bank Group, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and\n\nDevelopment (OECD), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).\n\n[9] Models include the World Bank\u2019s International Development Association (IDA) refugee and local\n\ncommunity sub-window and the Global Concessional Financing Facility, as well as the International\nFinance Corporation\u2019s financing for the private sector and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee\n[Agency\u2019s support for foreign direct investment. See also, OECD, \u201cAddressing Forced Displacement](http://www.oecd.org/dac/addressing-forced-displacement-through-development-planning-and-assistance-9789264285590-en.htm)\n[through Development Planning and Co-operation\u201d.](http://www.oecd.org/dac/addressing-forced-displacement-through-development-planning-and-assistance-9789264285590-en.htm)\n\n[10] [See, e.g. \u201cThe Busan partnership for effective development co-operation\u201d.](http://www.oecd.org/development/effectiveness/busanpartnership.htm)\n\n[11] These arrangements are not exhaustive.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "continue to develop and support consultative processes that enable _**refugees and host**_\n_**communities**_ to assess their own needs and help to design appropriate responses. States and\nrelevant stakeholders will explore how best to include refugees, particularly women and\nyouth, [12] in key fora, institutions, and decision-making processes, including by facilitating\naccess to information, for instance through low-cost mobile phone and internet subscriptions.\n\n\n27. _**Networks of cities and municipalities**_ [13] hosting refugees will share good practices and\ninnovative approaches to responses in urban settings, including through twinning\narrangements, with the support of UNHCR.\n\n\n28. _**Civil society organizations**_, in particular at the local and national levels, will engage\nin planning and programme implementation, capacity building, and funding allocations.\n\n\n29. _**Faith-based organizations**_ will play a crucial role in developing context-appropriate\narrangements to maximize support to refugees and host communities, including in the areas\nof conflict prevention, reconciliation, and peacebuilding.\n\n\n30. _**Public-private partnerships**_ will be explored, including possible new institutional\narrangements and methodologies for the creation of commercial business venture conditions\nand financial/business instruments, to enable greater opportunities for private sector\ninvestment in refugee-hosting areas.\n\n\n31. A _**global academic alliance**_ on refugee, forced displacement, and statelessness issues\nwill be established by UNHCR, involving universities, academic networks, and research\ninstitutions, to facilitate research, training, and other initiatives in support of the global\ncompact.\n\n\n32. Recognizing the important role that _**sports**_ _**and cultural activities**_ can play in social\ndevelopment, inclusion, cohesion, and well-being, particularly for refugee children and\nyouth, partnerships will be pursued between relevant foundations; international\norganizations; non-governmental organizations; sporting and cultural associations\nfederations, and organizations; the private sector; and experts to increase access to sporting\nand cultural facilities and activities in refugee-hosting areas. [14]\n\n\n**6.** **Data and evidence**\n\n\n33. Reliable, comparable, and timely data, including population and socio-economic data,\nis critical for evidence-based measures to: improve conditions for refugees and host\ncommunities; assess the impact of large numbers of arrivals on host countries; and identify\nappropriate solutions. [15]\n\n\n34. Specific actions by States and other relevant stakeholders could include:\n\n\n - promoting the development of common standards for the collection, analysis, and\ndissemination of age and gender-disaggregated data on refugees and asylum-seekers, [ 16]\nincluding making primary population and socio-economic data (and underpinning\ncollection methodologies) accessible to relevant stakeholders as appropriate;\n\n - supporting the inclusion of refugees and host communities in national strategies for the\ndevelopment of statistics;\n\n - resourcing national data collection systems on the situation of refugees and host\ncommunities, including socio-economic and demographic status, using national surveys,\npopulation and housing censuses, and administrative sources as relevant; and\n\n\n[12] E.g. participation of refugee children and youth in policy and decision-making through local\n\nrefugee youth councils, building on UNHCR\u2019s Global Youth Advisory Council.\n\n[13] [Including: ICORN Cities of Refuge; the Global Network of Cities, Local and Regional](https://icorn.org/icorn-cities-refuge)\n\n[Governments; the Global Alliance for Urban Crises; 100 resilient cities;](http://urbancrises.org/) [the Global Mayors Summit](http://globalpolicy.columbia.edu/events/2017/09/global-mayors-summit)\n[on Migration and Refugee Policy and Practice; and the \u201ccities of solidarity\u201d model contained in the](http://globalpolicy.columbia.edu/events/2017/09/global-mayors-summit)\n[2004 Mexico Declaration and Plan of Action to Strengthen International Protection of Refugees in](http://www.refworld.org/docid/424bf6914.html)\nLatin America.\n\n[14] This could build on the work of the Olympic Refuge Foundation, as well as the partnership between\n\nUNHCR and the International Olympic Committee, and other entities such as Football Club\nBarcelona Foundation.\n\n[15] In line with the objectives of the joint data centre spearheaded by the World Bank and UNHCR.\n\n[16] Potentially in line with the \u201cInternational recommendations on refugee statistics\u201d to be adopted by\n\nthe United Nations Statistical Commission.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - supporting the generation and dissemination of evidence on what has been effective in\nterms of the arrangements undertaken in the application of the global compact.\n\n\n**B.** **Support for the application of the CRRF**\n\n\n35. The cooperative arrangements set out below are grouped around the specific areas\ncovered by the CRRF and, depending on the situation, could overlap: (1) reception and\nadmission; (2) support for immediate and ongoing needs, and support for host countries and\ncommunities; and (3) durable solutions.\n\n\n**1.** **Reception and admission**\n\n\n_**1.1**_ _**Preparedness, contingency planning and early warning**_\n\n\n36. Preparedness and contingency planning support better responses, including over the\nmedium term _._ States and relevant stakeholders will seek to include preparation for large\nmovements in a manner consistent with the CRRF in national, regional, and United Nationssupported preparedness and contingency planning, as relevant. [17] Preparedness and\ncontingency planning could also take into account regional early warning and prevention\nmechanisms, [18] disaster risk reduction efforts, [19] and measures to enhance evidence-based\nforecasting of future movements.\n\n\n_**1.2**_ _**Immediate reception arrangements**_\n\n\n37. When large numbers of people arrive, host countries and communities go to great\nlengths to scale up arrangements to receive them. In support of local and national government\nstrategies to manage arrivals, UNHCR, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, will\nmobilize and deploy resources and expertise to:\n\n\n - assist with initial registration and identification of specific needs, including of\nunaccompanied and separated children (see sections 1.4 and 1.5 below);\n\n - identify and support the establishment of reception and transit areas;\n\n - support essential services in reception areas; and\n\n - conduct post-reception planning, including through collective arrangements or\nindividual/community-based accommodation.\n\n\n38. Priority will be given to supporting local service delivery. Regional and international\nstandby arrangements for personnel, as well as technical and material assistance will also be\nactivated and strengthened. Measures by host States to facilitate entry for standby and\nemergency deployments are encouraged.\n\n\n_**1.3 Safety and security**_\n\n\n39. Security considerations and international refugee protection are complementary. Host\nStates can benefit from the adoption of an integrated approach that protects refugees while\nsafeguarding national security. In recognition of the legitimate security concerns of host\nStates, and to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of international protection, [20]\nsupport mechanisms [21] for host States will be established at their request, including to:\n\n\n - apply protocols for security screening of new arrivals, and effective and protectionsensitive use of databases;\n\n\n[17] Government strategies to manage arrivals, such as mechanisms for fiscal transfers to affected\n\ndistricts and municipalities, surge capacity in key sectors, and site planning would be particularly\nencouraged.\n\n[18] E.g. those of the European Union, the Organization for Security Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),\n\nor the African Union.\n\n[19] [See the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 - 2030.](http://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf)\n\n[20] See UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom) Conclusion No. 94 (LIII) (2002) and Office of the\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (A/RES/72/150).\n\n[21] This could involve interested States; regional organizations; UNHCR; the International Committee\n\nof the Red Cross (ICRC); and other relevant United Nations organizations, including United Nations\npeace operations, as well as development and rule of law actors with appropriate expertise. Support\nalso could potentially be developed through the global platform. See further, UNHCR-ICRC, \u201cAide\nmemoire: Operational guidance on maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of sites and\nsettlements\u201d.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - provide guidance to relevant authorities (police, military, security, judiciary) on\ninternational refugee protection, as well as on modalities for prosecution and/or\nextradition, in line with international law, of persons suspected of engaging in criminal\nactivity (including smuggling and trafficking);\n\n - facilitate community-oriented approaches to identify and address potential security\nthreats affecting refugees and host communities, including frameworks for community\npolicing and community watch systems;\n\n - identify and separate fighters and combatants at border entry points or as early as\npossible after arrival; and\n\n - develop and implement programmes for protection and assistance to children formerly\nassociated with armed forces and groups.\n\n\n_**1.4**_ _**Registration and documentation**_\n\n\n40. Registration of refugees and asylum-seekers is key for States to know who has arrived,\nensures integrity of protection systems, facilitates access to basic assistance, allows\nidentification of those with specific needs, and provides information crucial to finding\nappropriate durable solutions.\n\n\n41. UNHCR, in conjunction with interested States and relevant stakeholders, [22] will\nsupport host States to:\n\n\n - develop digital systems for individual registration, documentation, and biometrics\n(including for women and girls), with standard operating procedures for national-level\ndeployment;\n\n - collect quality registration data, disaggregated by age, sex, specific needs, and location;\nand\n\n - establish protocols for the sharing of personal and biometric data, in line with data\nprotection and privacy principles.\n\n\n_**1.5**_ _**Addressing specific needs**_\n\n\n42. In managing large movements, the capacity to address specific needs is a particular\nchallenge, requiring resources and targeted assistance. In support of efforts by host countries,\nrelevant stakeholders will mobilize resources and technical assistance to identify and address\nspecific needs, including through the establishment of multi-stakeholder response teams.\n\n\n43. Support could be provided for:\n\n\n - \u201csafe spaces\u201d in arrival, transit, registration, and other communal areas;\n\n - best interests assessment and/or determination for children, including unaccompanied\nand separated children, together with care arrangements and their eventual inclusion in\nState child protection systems and social services, as appropriate; [23]\n\n - counselling and medical assistance for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence,\ntorture, and trauma, and those with other medical needs;\n\n - identification, assistance, and referral for victims of trafficking, including to assess their\nneed for international protection;\n\n - arrangements to enable people with disabilities and older adults to access registration\nand other services; and\n\n - referral of individuals in need to platforms for emergency processing for resettlement,\nsuch as emergency transit facilities, as appropriate and available.\n\n\n[22] This could include the private sector, where appropriate.\n\n[23] Care arrangements and other services may include alternative temporary care arrangements (see\n\n[\u201cGuidelines on alternative care for children\u201d (A/RES/64/142)), guardianships, psychosocial support,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c3acd162.html)\n[and family tracing. See also UNHCR, \u201cDetention guidelines: Guidelines on the applicable criteria and](http://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/505b10ee9/unhcr-detention-guidelines.html)\n[standards relating to the detention of asylum-seekers and alternatives to detention\u201d and United](http://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/505b10ee9/unhcr-detention-guidelines.html)\nNations Committee on the Rights of the Child, \u201cGeneral comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the\nchild to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1)\u201d (CRC\n/C/GC/14).\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**1.6**_ _**Identifying international protection needs**_\n\n\n44. In large movements, group-based recognition or other similar options are often best\nsuited to addressing international protection needs. In some instances, such as mixed\nmovements, other mechanisms for the fair and efficient determination of individual\ninternational protection claims provide an opportunity for States to determine the status of\nthose on their territory.\n\n\n45. To facilitate predictable and sustained support, [24] UNHCR will establish an _**asylum**_\n_**capacity support group**_, drawn from a global pool of experts. Under the aegis of UNHCR,\nthis group will provide support to interested States, including through standby arrangements,\nState-to-State twinning, [25] broader institutional capacity-building, and mobilization of other\nrelevant assistance.\n\n\n46. UNHCR will, as appropriate:\n\n\n - provide advice on arrangements for processing asylum claims (such as group-based or\nprima facie recognition) or other ways to recognize international protection needs fairly\nand efficiently in a particular context;\n\n - share or facilitate tools and technical platforms (e.g. communities of practice or\nknowledge management platforms, country of origin information, and fraud resistant\ncertificates and documentation);\n\n - provide guidance to adapt processes so that they are gender- and child-sensitive;\n\n - provide advice on how to take security concerns into account and prevent misuse of\nasylum and other international protection procedures; and\n\n - promote and provide technical support for accession to the 1951 Convention relating to\nthe Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol thereto, or other relevant refugee and\nstatelessness instruments.\n\n\n47. In addition, where appropriate, UNHCR will advise on addressing broader\ninternational protection challenges, together with other relevant stakeholders. [26] This could\ninclude:\n\n\n - measures to protect those displaced by natural disasters and climate change, taking into\naccount regional refugee instruments, [27] as well as practices such as temporary protection,\nhumanitarian stay arrangements, and complementary or subsidiary protection; [28] and\n\n - the establishment or strengthening of statelessness determination procedures.\n\n\n**2.** **Meeting needs and supporting communities**\n\n\n48. Pending the realization of durable solutions, the welfare of refugees and host\ncommunities is intrinsically interlinked. There is increasing recognition of the advantages of\nshared and inclusive economic growth from which all can benefit. [29] However, significant\nexternal support is needed to accompany efforts by host States in the development of national\npolicies and institutions to strengthen the resilience of local and refugee communities. It will\nbe important, therefore, that humanitarian agencies and development actors ensure\ncomplementarity between the immediate emergency response and inclusive national\ndevelopment.\n\n\n49. In particular, moving away from past practices of encampment and parallel services\nfor refugees, investments are encouraged to expand and strengthen national systems for\neducation, health, jobs, and other services, as set out below. The inclusion of refugees in such\nsystems will reduce vulnerability and build human capital, while also ensuring that host\n\n\n[24] Also in line with Sustainable Development Goal 16 (Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for\n\nsustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and\ninclusive institutions at all levels).\n\n[25] That is, partnerships between relevant State authorities to support capacity building and sharing of\n\nknowledge and good practices.\n\n[26] Such as the [Platform on Disaster Displacement.](http://disasterdisplacement.org/)\n\n[27] Such as the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa\n\nand the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees.\n\n[28] [In line with the recommendations of the Nansen Initiative\u2019s \u201cAgenda for the protection of cross-](https://www.nanseninitiative.org/)\n\n[border displaced persons in the context of disasters and climate change\u201d.](https://www.nanseninitiative.org/)\n\n[29] [See World Bank Group, \u201cForcibly displaced: toward a development approach supporting refugees,](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25016)\n\n[the internally displaced, and their hosts\u201d.](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25016)\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communities benefit from strengthened services and systems over time. For refugees,\nfostering their self-reliance and enhancing their skills and education while in exile also better\nprepares them for solutions, notably voluntary repatriation, and can make these solutions\nmore sustainable.\n\n\n50. Against this background, in support of efforts by host countries, and as appropriate,\ninterested States and relevant stakeholders will make available funding and capacity to:\ninclude refugees in national systems; expand and strengthen such systems for the benefit of\nhost communities and refugees; and support approaches that can be sustained over the\nmedium term, from a financial, economic, environmental, and social standpoint, until\nsolutions can be achieved.\n\n\n51. The following areas are of particular importance:\n\n\n_**2.1**_ _**Education**_\n\n\n52. In line with national education planning and the sustainable development agenda, [ 30]\ninterested States and relevant stakeholders [31] will assist host countries to include refugee\nchildren and youth in national education systems, where appropriate, expanding and\nstrengthening them for the benefit of both local communities and refugees. Special efforts\nwill be made to minimize the time refugee children and youth spend out of school, ideally a\nmaximum of three months. Innovative financing mechanisms to increase investment in\neducation will also be explored.\n\n\n53. Specific actions to achieve this could include:\n\n\n - support to expand and/or enhance educational facilities and capacity (e.g. infrastructure;\nteaching staff; and including refugee data in education management information\nsystems); [32]\n\n - measures to meet the specific needs of refugee children and youth, especially girls, (e.g.\nthrough accelerated education and other flexible learning programmes, as well as\nadapted approaches to cope with psychosocial trauma) and overcome obstacles to their\nenrolment and attendance (e.g. safe transport; documentation; language and literacy\nsupport; and bridging programmes);\n\n - expanded access to secondary and tertiary education, including through scholarships and\nconnected learning, with a particular focus on women and girls; and\n\n - support to refugees who are or could be engaged as teachers.\n\n\n_**2.2**_ _**Jobs and livelihoods**_\n\n\n54. To foster inclusive economic growth for both host communities and refugees, and in\nline with the sustainable development agenda, [ 33] interested States and relevant stakeholders [34]\nwill support efforts, based on data (notably on labour markets, investment and skills), to:\n\n\n - promote economic opportunities for host communities and refugees, including\nspecifically for women, youth and those with disabilities, through enabling policy, legal,\nand administrative frameworks; [35]\n\n\n[30] Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote\n\nlifelong learning opportunities for all).\n\n[31] In addition to ministries of education and national education planning bodies that include teachers\n\nand civil society representatives, this could include the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),\nthe Connected Learning in Crisis Consortium, the Global Partnership for Education, UNHCR, the\nUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UNESCO\nInternational Institute for Educational Planning, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education\nCannot Wait, and the Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies, and the private sector.\n\n[32] With potential support from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.\n\n[33] Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth,\n\nfull and productive employment and decent work for all).\n\n[34] This could include the International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Bank Group, the\n\nOECD, UNHCR, workers\u2019 and employers\u2019 associations, microfinance institutions, and academia.\n\n[35] [These efforts also will be guided by the ILO\u2019s \u201cRecommendation No. 205 concerning employment](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R205)\n\n[and decent work for peace and resilience\u201d and the \u201cGuiding principles on the access of refugees and](http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R205)\n[other forcibly displaced persons to the labour market\u201d.](http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/projects/WCMS_536440/lang--en/index.htm)\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - encourage development funds to be directed to regions and communities that host\nrefugees, and develop adequate instruments to attract private sector and infrastructure\ninvestment in these areas;\n\n - facilitate access to affordable financial products and services for host communities and\nrefugees, including bank accounts, savings, credit, insurance, and payments;\n\n - where practicable, negotiate preferential trade arrangements, and facilitate access to\nlocal, regional and global supply chains for host communities and refugees; and\n\n - promote internet connectivity and access to new technologies for host communities and\nrefugees to support online livelihood opportunities.\n\n\n_**2.3**_ _**Health**_\n\n\n55. In line with national and local health care policies and plans, as well as the sustainable\ndevelopment agenda, [36] interested States and relevant stakeholders [37] will support host\ncountries to include refugees in national health systems, where appropriate, and to expand\nand strengthen these systems for the benefit of both local communities and refugees,\nincluding, in particular, women, children and youth, and people with disabilities.\n\n\n56. This could include support for:\n\n\n - expanding service delivery, including by improving or increasing health facilities;\n\n - strengthening national health data systems, including disaggregation of key health\nindicators by refugee status;\n\n - defining a basic package of health services;\n\n - ensuring sufficient healthcare workers are available, and have access to training\nopportunities where needed;\n\n - facilitating affordable and equitable access to adequate quantities of medicines,\nmedical supplies, vaccines, diagnostics, and preventive commodities; and\n\n - reviewing health financing and ensuring proper resourcing of systems.\n\n\n_**2.4**_ _**Accommodation, energy, and natural resource management**_\n\n\n57. Wherever possible, alternatives to camps will be pursued. [38] To achieve this, support\nis required for host countries to strengthen infrastructure to meet the accommodation needs\nof refugees and host communities, to preserve the environment, and to develop sustainable\nenergy sources.\n\n\n58. In line with national energy and environmental strategies, the sustainable development\nagenda, [39] and other frameworks, [40] interested States and relevant stakeholders will provide\ntechnical and financial assistance to bolster national capacity to address accommodation or\nenvironmental challenges in or near refugee-hosting areas, and to invest upfront in smart\ntechnologies that increase the use of renewable energy and prevent the degradation of the\nenvironment. Business models for the delivery of clean energy that cater more effectively to\nrefugee and host community needs will be actively pursued.\n\n\n59. State-to-State support for such projects will be facilitated, including in urban areas.\nSupport will also be provided to host countries, as appropriate, to include refugees in climate\nchange mitigation and adaptation measures, and disaster risk reduction strategies.\n\n\n36 Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages).\nThis could in turn support efforts to bring health outcomes for refugees and host communities in line\nwith national averages in the countries where they live.\n\n[37] This could include UNHCR; the World Health Organization (WHO); the Global Alliance for\n\nVaccines and Immunizations (GAVI); and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.\n[See also the WHO, Framework of priorities and guiding principles to promote the health of refugees](http://www.who.int/migrants/about/framework_refugees-migrants.pdf)\nand migrants.\n\n[38] [See the Sphere Project, \u201cHumanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response\u201d,](https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/45535/The+Sphere+Project/a5169ca8-d13a-4879-b242-5ef51ac75668)\n\n[and UNHCR, \u201cPolicy on alternatives to camps\u201d.](https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/45535/UNHCR+-+Policy+on+alternatives+to+camps/005c0217-7d1e-47c9-865a-c0098cfdda62)\n\n[39] Sustainable Development Goals 7 (Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern\n\nenergy for all), 13 (Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts), and 15 (Sustainably\nmanage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss).\n\n[40] Such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**2.5**_ _**Civil registries**_\n\n\n60. Establishing legal identity is key for a wide range of activities, including the\nregistration of births, deaths, and marriages; enrolling in school; and obtaining employment,\nhousing, medical care, and other services. For refugees, recognition of identity is essential\nfor solutions. Proof of identity also helps States to have accurate information about the\npersons living on their territory for the purposes of security, as well as economic and social\nplanning.\n\n\n61. Interested States and relevant stakeholders will support host countries in their efforts\nto strengthen the capacity of civil registries, including through digital technology and the\nprovision of mobile services, so that refugees can be included in these systems, as\nappropriate.\n\n\n62. In addition, recognizing that _**statelessness**_ is both a cause and consequence of\ndisplacement, UNHCR and other relevant stakeholders will deploy resources and expertise\nto support States to prevent and reduce statelessness in line with UNHCR\u2019s Campaign to End\nStatelessness [41] and the sustainable development agenda. [42]\n\n\n_**2.6**_ _**Gender**_\n\n\n63. Women and girls may experience particular challenges that call for an adaptation of\nresponses, including in areas such as livelihoods, education, health, and solutions. In line\nwith the sustainable development agenda, [43] States and relevant stakeholders will work to\nadopt and tailor policies and programmes to meet the specific needs and requirements of\nwomen and girls. This could include measures to:\n\n\n - promote the meaningful participation and leadership of women and girls;\n\n - support the participation of national and community-based women\u2019s organizations, as\nwell as government ministries particularly focused on women and children, in CRRFrelated processes; and\n\n - prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence.\n\n\n_**2.7**_ _**Other areas of action**_\n\n\n64. Interested States and relevant stakeholders will support host countries to strengthen\nother sectors and technical areas to facilitate better conditions for refugees and host\ncommunities, in line with the sustainable development agenda, [44] including but not limited to:\nwater and sanitation, infrastructure, urban development, social protection, child protection,\nand access to new technologies.\n\n\n**3.** **Solutions**\n\n\n65. One of the primary objectives of the global compact is to increase the availability of\ndurable solutions, including by planning for solutions from the onset of emergencies.\nPolitical and security cooperation and promoting development and human rights are key to\nresolving protracted displacement, and to preventing new crises from emerging. At the same\ntime, addressing the causes of displacement can take time. The programme of action therefore\nenvisages the application of a mix of solutions, adapted to the specific context and\ncircumstances of displacement. The measures set out in section (2) above help to strengthen\n\n\n[41] [See UNHCR #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness.](http://www.unhcr.org/ibelong-campaign-to-end-statelessness.html)\n\n[42] Sustainable Development Goal 16.9 (By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth\n\nregistration).\n\n[43] Sustainable Development Goal 5 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls).\n\n[44] Including Sustainable Development Goals 6 (Ensure access to water and sanitation for all), 9 (Build\n\nresilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation), and 11 (Make\ncities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable).\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the resilience of refugees and host communities, and provide an important foundation for a\ndurable solution, including notably voluntary repatriation.\n\n\n_**3.1**_ _**Voluntary repatriation**_\n\n\n66. Enabling voluntary and sustainable repatriation is first and foremost the responsibility\nof the country of origin towards its own people. Voluntary repatriation is also the preferred\nsolution of many refugees. [45] In order to scale up the availability of voluntary repatriation,\ntechnical, financial, and other support will be provided by interested States and relevant\nstakeholders [46] to countries of origin to address the root causes of displacement and to build\ninstitutional readiness and capacity to receive and reintegrate returnees.\n\n\n67. Particular attention will be paid to supporting conditions and opportunities favourable\nto voluntary and sustainable repatriation, including safety and security, rule of law, access to\nessential services and documentation, economic recovery, and reconciliation. Access to\neconomic opportunities in the country of origin, along with the prospect of recovering lost\nassets - such as housing, land, and property - are also important factors that influence\nsuccessful return. Such endeavours would build on the United Nations Secretary-General\u2019s\nreform agenda, notably in the areas of peace, security, and development.\n\n\n68. Addressing displacement, in particular measures for voluntary repatriation and\nreintegration, are recommended to be included in political settlements, peace agreements,\nand crisis recovery strategies. Specific measures of support will often be required to avoid\nfurther displacement on return (internal or cross-border) and to ensure non-discrimination\nbetween returning refugees, the internally displaced, and non-displaced resident\npopulations. [47] Of equal importance are reconciliation and confidence-building measures, not\nleast to prevent violent conflict in the future. Other specific actions could include facilitating\nthe participation of refugees and returnees (notably women and youth) in relevant processes\nand decision-making, including peacebuilding activities, and returnee monitoring to provide\nupdated information on return areas. Efforts for mine action, including risk awareness and\nvictim assistance; for security sector reform; and to counter the proliferation of small arms\nand light weapons, all of which can hinder return, are crucial. [48]\n\n\n_**3.2**_ _**Resettlement**_\n\n\n69. In a spirit of burden- and responsibility-sharing, States, with the support of relevant\nstakeholders, [49] will consider establishing, or increasing the scope, size, and quality of,\nresettlement programmes to meet the annual global resettlement needs identified by UNHCR.\nA multi-year resettlement pledging process will be explored, where appropriate. [50] Particular\nsupport for the establishment and expansion of resettlement programmes in new and\nemerging resettlement countries will be encouraged, including through the Emerging\nResettlement Countries Joint Support Mechanism (ERCM).\n\n\n70. UNHCR could establish a resettlement core group in specific situations to facilitate a\ncoordinated response, [51] to expedite processing, and to broaden selection criteria with due\nregard to protection needs and security considerations. The use of platforms for emergency\n\n\n[45] See e.g. UNHCR ExCom Conclusions: No. 68 (XLIII) (1992); No. 99 (LV) (2004); No. 104 (LVI)\n\n(2005); and No. 109 (LXI) (2009).\n\n[46] This could include UNHCR, UNDP, the Peacebuilding Support Office, the World Bank Group, and\n\nregional organizations. Support could also be provided through the global platform and solidarity\nconferences, where appropriate.\n\n[47] [Countries of origin could also consider incorporation of the \u201cGuiding principles on internal](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/idps/43ce1cff2/guiding-principles-internal-displacement.html)\n\ndisplacement\u201d in national laws and policies.\n\n[48] Actions could build on partnerships between the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS),\n\n[UNHCR, and other stakeholders, as well as the \u201cStrategy of the United Nations on mine action 2013-](http://www.mineaction.org/sites/default/files/publications/mine_action_strategy_mar15.pdf)\n2018\u201d and its successors.\n\n[49] This could include UNHCR, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), civil society\n\norganizations, community groups, faith-based organizations, and the private sector.\n\n[50] Where appropriate, resettlement pledges could also be addressed through solidarity conferences and\n\nthe global platform.\n\n[51] Potentially in coordination with or as part of the global platform.\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "processing for resettlement and emergency transit facilities will be expanded, [52] and the\ninvolvement of stakeholders such as the private sector, civil society, individuals, and\nacademia to support resettlement will be encouraged. Where possible, States will seek to\nresettle at least 25 per cent of annual resettlement submissions within six months of UNHCR\nreferral, including through the use of flexible processing modalities.\n\n\n71. Consideration will also be given to measures to ensure that resettlement is used\nstrategically, and in line with its humanitarian and protection underpinnings. This could\ninclude, as appropriate: allocating places for the resettlement of refugees from at least three\npriority situations identified by UNHCR in its annual projected global resettlement needs;\nand dedicating at least 10 per cent of resettlement submissions as unallocated places for\nemergency cases identified by UNHCR, including people with urgent or serious medical\nneeds.\n\n\n_**3.3**_ _**Other pathways for admission to third countries**_\n\n\n72. As a complement to resettlement, States, with the support of UNHCR and other\nrelevant stakeholders, will consider the timely establishment or expansion of pathways [53] for\nthe admission of persons with international protection needs, in order to facilitate their\nprotection and, where appropriate, provide opportunities for solutions. This could include:\n\n\n - expanded family reunification mechanisms, including broadened eligibility criteria\nand simplified procedures;\n\n - private or community sponsorship programmes that are additional to regular\nresettlement, including through the Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative (GRSI);\n\n - educational opportunities through grant of scholarships and student visas; and\n\n - pilot programmes to explore labour mobility opportunities for refugees.\n\n\n73. Interested States, UNHCR, and other relevant stakeholders will work to enable the\ncollection and analysis of data related to the availability and use of complementary pathways,\nand to share good practices and lessons learned.\n\n\n_**3.4**_ _**Local solutions**_\n\n\n74. While voluntary repatriation continues to be the durable solution sought by many\nrefugees, a comprehensive approach to solutions also focuses on the situation of those\nrefugees who are unable to return to their countries of origin or to be resettled, or for whom\na local solution is otherwise preferable, including because they have established close links\nwith the host community. A number of States have found it useful to move towards the full\nintegration of refugees, including by providing durable legal status, permanent residence, and\nnaturalization, where appropriate.\n\n\n75. To assist countries engaged in providing such local solutions, interested States and\nother relevant stakeholders will dedicate funding, material, and technical expertise to support\nthe development of a strategic framework for local solutions, as well as national and regional\nframeworks offering pathways to permanent residence or naturalization for refugees,\nwherever appropriate.\n\n## **IV. Follow-up arrangements**\n\n\n76. With active assistance from the international community, UNHCR will do its utmost\nto mobilize support for the application of the global compact. United Nations Member States\nand relevant stakeholders will be invited by UNHCR to make concrete pledges, and to\nprovide updates on their endeavours to support the application of the global compact. The\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees will include, in his annual report to the\nUnited Nations General Assembly, information on progress made in its application.\n\n\n[52] Issuance of single voyage convention travel documents for the purposes of facilitating evacuation\n\nmay be required. This could be facilitated by UNHCR on an exceptional basis.\n\n[53] Complementary pathways for admission to third countries may include humanitarian admission\n\nprogrammes; temporary evacuation programmes; flexible arrangements to assist family reunification;\nprivate sponsorship and opportunities for labour mobility, including through private sector\npartnerships; and education, such as scholarships and student visas.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "77. In consultation with States and relevant stakeholders, UNHCR will develop a set of\nkey indicators to monitor and evaluate progress and outcomes of the global compact. These\nindicators will be measurable against the overall objectives of the global compact [54] and will\nbe aligned with and contribute to the relevant goals of the sustainable development agenda.\nUNHCR, with input from States and relevant stakeholders, will monitor and evaluate\nprogress towards the achievement of these indicators. United Nations Member States could\nalso include refugees in their progress reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals.\n\n\n78. UNHCR will provide a digital platform to share good practices informed by evidence\nand evaluation, notably from a gender and age-sensitive perspective, in the application of the\ndifferent elements of the global compact.\n\n\n79. It is envisaged that progress in the application of the global compact will be assessed\nperiodically in light of changing situations and lessons learned. A first opportunity will be at\na ministerial-level meeting to be convened by UNHCR for all United Nations Member States\nin 2021, coinciding with the 70 [th] anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees and the 60 [th] anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of\nStatelessness. [55]\n\n\n[54] See above, paras 1 and 2.\n\n[55] United Nations, _Treaty Series_, vol. 989, No. 14458.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b1178fe-8952-3167-916e-efc4a8bcc1bb/Zero-Draft.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_76/raw/doc_76_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_76/raw/doc_76_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 59121ed1557d16d9fa9923ac82e1ee94cff62d6d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_76/raw/doc_76_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "HIGH COMMISSIONER\u2019S DIALOGUE UNHCR/DPC/2007/Doc. 02\nON PROTECTION CHALLENGES 19 November 2007\n\n\n**DISCUSSION PAPER**\n\n\n**Refugee protection and durable solutions**\n\n**in the context of international migration**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of contents**\n\n**Paragraphs**\n\n**Introduction** 1- 5\n\n\n**Basic understandings** 6\n\n\n_I. The distinctive status of refugees_ 7 - 9\n\n\n_II. UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate_ 10 - 12\n\n\n_III. Individual rights and national interests_ 13 - 16\n\n\n_IV. People in distress_ 17 - 18\n\n\n_V. Comprehensive approaches_ 19 - 21\n\n\n**Policy issues and objectives** 22\n\n\n_I. Mixed movements_ 23 \u2013 31\n\n\n_II. Mixed motivations_ 32 - 34\n\n\n_III. Onward or secondary movements_ 35 - 40\n\n\n_IV. From refugee movement to mixed movement_ 41 - 43\n\n\n_V. Human trafficking and smuggling_ 44 - 47\n\n\n_VI. Changing status: migration and durable solutions_ 48 - 52\n\n\n_VII. Migration and development_ 53 - 59\n\n\n**Implementation strategy** 60\n\n\n_I. Operationalizing the 10-Point Plan of Action_ 61 - 66\n\n\n_II. Strengthening partnerships_ 67 - 69\n\n\n_III. Participating in regional migration processes_ 70 - 72\n\n\n_IV. Contributing to global migration initiatives_ 73 -75\n\n\n_V. Using presence as a tool of protection_ 76 - 77\n\n\n_VI. Building and engaging with national capacities_ 78 - 80\n\n\n_VII. Influencing public opinion_ 81 - 82\n\n\n_VIII. Ensuring internal coordination_ 83 -84\n\n\n_IX. Providing staff training_ 85 -87\n\n\n_X. Reviewing UNHCR policies and programmes_ 88 - 89\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\n1. In recent years, the movement of people from one country and continent to\nanother has grown significantly in scale and scope. The world\u2019s population is\nincreasingly mobile, with women, men and children leaving their own country and\ntaking up residence elsewhere for a variety of different reasons.\n\n\n2. While the majority of people move to establish new livelihoods, improve their\nstandard of living, join members of their family or take up educational opportunities,\nthose of concern to UNHCR are forced to flee by human rights violations and armed\nconflict. Given the uneven outcomes of the globalization process, coupled with the\ngrowing impact of climate change on the sustainability of life in many parts of the\nplanet, it seems likely that the issue of human mobility will become increasingly\ncomplex and assume a leading role on the global policy agenda.\n\n\n3. One effect of the developments described above has been to raise new challenges\nwith regard to the relationship between refugee movements and international migration.\nHitherto, discussions of this relationship have focused primarily on the \u2018asylummigration nexus\u2019, a concept that is generally used to denote those issues that arise in\nmixed movement situations, where refugees and migrants are travelling alongside each\nother, often by irregular means.\n\n\n4. While these \u2018nexus\u2019 issues continue to be of central concern to States, UNHCR\nand other stakeholders, this discussion paper suggests that an alternative approach may\nnow be appropriate, addressing the broader range of topics that connect the questions\nof refugee protection and durable solutions to that of international migration. [1]\n\n\n5. The paper, which should be read in combination with the \u2018Agenda for\nProtection\u2018, as well as the UNHCR document \u2019Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration:\na 10 Point Plan of Action\u2019, is divided into three sections [2] The first section sets out the\nbasic understandings that guide UNHCR\u2019s involvement in this policy domain. The\nsecond identifies those migration-related issues that are of direct relevance to UNHCR\u2019s\nmandate for refugee protection and solutions, and explains the primary concerns and\nobjectives of the Office in each of these areas. The final section of the paper presents the\nstrategy that UNHCR is employing to attain these objectives.\n\n\n1 The paper draws from two policy statements that were published in the context of the General\nAssembly\u2019s September 2006 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development: \u2018UNHCR,\nrefugee protection and international migration\u2019, and \u2018The High-Level Dialogue on International Migration\nand Development: UNHCR\u2019s observations and recommendations\u2019. Both can be accessed at the \u2018Protecting\nrefugees\u2019 page of the UNHCR website, www.unhcr.org.\n2 The Agenda for Protection is a non-binding document adopted by UNHCR and States, providing\nan ambitious yet practical programme of action to improve the protection of refugees and asylum seekers\naround the world. Goal 2 of the Agenda for Protection (\u2018Protecting refugees within broader migration\nmovements\u2019) is of particular relevance to this paper, as are a number of Executive Committee Conclusions.\nThese include, most recently, the Conclusion on Women and Girls at Risk (2006) and the Conclusion on\nChildren at Risk (2007).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Basic understandings**\n\n\n6. UNHCR\u2019s approach to the issue of refugee protection and durable solutions in\nthe context of international migration is founded on a number of understandings.\n\n\n_I. The distinctive status of refugees_\n\n\n7. UNHCR considers refugees to be a distinct category of people and to have a\nunique legal status. Their circumstances, rights and responsibilities are specifically\ngoverned by international law, most notably the 1951 UN Convention relating to the\nStatus of Refugees.\n\n\n8. This instrument describes refugees as people who are outside their country of\norigin and who are unable or unwilling to return there because of a well-founded fear of\npersecution. Since the 1951 Convention was established, the refugee notion has been\nbroadened to encompass a wider group of people who have fled the indiscriminate\neffects of generalized violence or serious public disorder. [3]\n\n\n9. UNHCR\u2019s approach to the issues addressed in this paper is premised on the\ninternational community\u2019s recognition of the specific rights and needs of refugees, as\nwell as the concomitant obligations of States, including the obligation not to return\nrefugees to countries where they would be at risk.\n\n\n_II. UNHCR\u2019s protection mandate_\n\n\n10. UNHCR\u2019s mandate is to provide protection and solutions for refugees and other\npeople who are of concern to the Office. All of UNHCR\u2019s activities relating to the\nbroader issue of international migration derive from this mandate.\n\n\n11. UNHCR is not a migration organization and does not consider its activities to fall\nwithin the function that is commonly described as \u2018migration management\u2019, a task\nwhich is undertaken by States and other international actors, most notably the\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM). [4] Moreover, the Office has no interest in\nseeing migration situations turned into or treated as if they were refugee situations. [5]\nIndeed, UNHCR considers that such an approach would be detrimental to the integrity\nof the international refugee protection regime.\n\n\n12. While UNHCR considers refugee protection and migration management to be\ndistinct and different functions, the Office adheres to the principle that they should be\n\n3 The broadening of the notion has taken place by means of regional legal instruments, through the\njurisprudence of a large number of States and in the practice of even more, as well as in the practice of\nUNHCR.\n4 Many of the issues addressed in this paper have been the subject of consultations between\nUNHCR and IOM. For a joint contribution to the discourse, see \u2018Refugee protection and migration control:\nperspectives from UNHCR and IOM\u2019, paper prepared for the Global Consultations on International\nProtection, 31 May 2001, UNHCR document EC/GC/01/11.\n5 Many migratory movements, it should be recalled, take place on a voluntary basis and in an\norderly and organized manner, and thus have no relationship with UNHCR\u2019s mandate for refugee\nprotection and solutions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "undertaken in a complementary and mutually reinforcing manner. Unregulated\nmigration can place serious strains on national asylum systems and provoke public\nhostility towards all foreign nationals, irrespective of their legal status. It can also\nprompt the imposition of restrictive border controls which fail to make the necessary\ndistinction between prospective entrants on grounds of their need for protection, which\nlead to incidents of refoulement, thereby undermining the objective of effective refugee\nprotection.\n\n\n_III. Individual rights and national interests_\n\n\n13. UNHCR\u2019s fundamental concern is the protection of refugees. This entails\nassisting refugees to access those rights to which they are specifically entitled under\ninternational law. By promoting durable solutions, the Office also seeks to ensure that\nrefugees are able to exercise rights of which they were deprived in the process of flight.\n\n\n14. UNHCR underlines the need for States to ensure that people living outside their\ncountry of origin, whatever their legal status or their location in the world, are able to\nenjoy the human rights to which they are entitled under international law. In this\nrespect, it should be recalled that States also have a responsibility to protect their own\ncitizens, whether living at home or abroad.\n\n\n15. The Office also draws attention to the fundamental right of all persons to reside\nin their own country, if they choose to do so. In this respect, UNHCR fully concurs with\nthe Global Commission on International Migration, which states that \u201cwomen, men and\nchildren should be able to realize their potential, meet their needs, exercise their human\nrights and fulfill their aspirations in their country of origin, and hence migrate out of\nchoice, rather than necessity.\u201d [6] The refugee movements that UNHCR has been\nmandated to address constitute a particularly egregious violation of this principle.\n\n\n16. UNHCR fully recognizes the right of States to control their borders and to\nregulate the movement of people into and out of their territory. The Office also\nacknowledges that the presence of foreign nationals in other States can raise sensitive\nissues relating to cultural identity, social cohesion, public safety and the rule of law,\nespecially when those people have arrived in large numbers and in an irregular manner.\nIn this context, and in accordance with the 1951 Convention and other instruments,\nUNHCR considers it essential for refugees and asylum-seekers to respect their legal\nobligations.\n\n\n_IV. People in distress_\n\n\n17. While refugees have specific protection needs and entitlements, UNHCR\nrecognizes that the phenomenon of mixed movements raises broader human rights and\nhumanitarian concerns. As recent experience has demonstrated, the people involved in\nsuch flows, irrespective of their legal status, often find themselves in distress and are\nsubject to the same hazards and human rights violations. These include detention and\n\n6 _Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action_, Global Commission on\nInternational Migration, Geneva, 2005, p. 4.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "imprisonment; destitution and exploitation; trafficking and smuggling; physical abuse\nand harassment; racial or ethnic discrimination; interception, abandonment and\ndrowning at sea; as well as return or transfer to remote and dangerous locations. People\non the move who lose or who have destroyed their travel and identity documents may\nalso find it very difficult to establish their nationality and become effectively stateless.\n\n\n18. As indicated already in this discussion paper, UNHCR\u2019s mandate does not\nformally or normally extend to an engagement with people who lack a valid claim to\nrefugee status or who have expressed no interest in availing themselves of that status.\nHowever, as a rights-based organization, UNHCR considers it appropriate to join with\nother actors in drawing attention to the plight of people who, in the course of their\njourney, find themselves in distress.\n\n\n_V. Comprehensive approaches_\n\n\n19. The issues of refugee protection and international migration affect countries in all\nregions of the world and at every level of economic development. Indeed, some of the\nlargest cross-border movements of people take place within the global South, involving\ncountries of origin, transit and destination that are striving to meet the Millennium\nDevelopment Goals.\n\n\n20. Despite the considerable publicity that has been given to the arrival of irregular\nmigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees in the industrialized States, UNHCR wishes to\npoint out that developing countries continue to host the majority of people who are of\nconcern to the Office. UNHCR consequently underlines the importance of ensuring that\nthe task of providing refugees with protection and solutions, including the solution of\nresettlement, is firmly underpinned by the principles of international solidarity and\nresponsibility-sharing.\n\n\n21. As indicated already in this discussion paper, UNHCR considers that there is a\nneed for refugee and migration policies to be formulated in a coherent and consistent\nmanner, so as to ensure their complementarity. At the same time, the Office has\nconcluded that the challenges arising from the cross-border movement of people cannot\nbe effectively addressed by means of refugee and migration policies alone. UNHCR\nconsequently encourages the adoption of comprehensive approaches, taking full account\nof the way that policies in diverse areas such as human rights, conflict resolution, postconflict reconstruction, environmental degradation and the development process,\nimpinge upon the issues addressed in this paper.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy issues and objectives**\n\n\n22. The following section of this discussion paper identifies and elaborates upon\nthose areas in which UNHCR\u2019s mandate for refugee protection and durable solutions\nintersects with the issue of international migration. On that basis, the section presents\nthe specific organizational objectives that the Office is pursuing in this policy domain.\n\n\n_I. Mixed movements_\n\n\n23. Cross-border movements of people can be categorized in a number of ways.\nSome are clearly economic in motivation, while others involve people who are evidently\nfleeing serious threats to their life and liberty. While mixed movements are by no means\na new phenomenon, there would appear to be a growth in the number of movements\nthat involve some individuals who are in need of international protection for refugeerelated reasons, and others (usually a larger proportion) who are not. As indicated\nearlier in this discussion paper, the people involved in such flows often engage in\nirregular forms of movement, making use of similar routes, employing the services of\nthe same human smugglers and in some cases obtaining fraudulent travel documents\nfrom the same suppliers.\n\n\n24. Such movements have clearly contributed towards a blurring of the distinction\nbetween refugees and migrants in public and political opinion. This is particularly the\ncase in situations where considerable numbers of asylum-seekers who are deemed to\nhave no need for international protection are able or obliged to remain in the asylum\nsystem for extended periods of time and fail to leave the country in which they have\narrived once their claim has been definitively rejected. Some States have further\ncontributed to the blurring of these distinctions by treating refugees as irregular\nmigrants, despite their special status in international law.\n\n\n25. In response to mixed movements of people, many States have also introduced\nmeasures that are intended to prevent and deter foreign nationals from arriving on their\nterritory and submitting claims to refugee status. These measures are often\nindiscriminate in their application and act as a serious constraint on the efforts of the\nOffice to ensure that people who are in need of or who wish to seek international\nprotection are able to have their claims examined in a fair and thorough manner and are\nnot returned to countries where their life or liberty would be at risk.\n\n\n26. A principal concern of the Office in mixed migration situations is thus to\nencourage and assist States to establish protection-sensitive border controls and\nmigration management systems that respect the internationally recognized right of\neveryone \u201cto seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.\u201d [7] The Office\nis particularly eager to examine ways of averting those situations in which persons of\nconcern are intercepted and apprehended in the course of their journey, are unable to\n\n\n7 Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "have access to the territory and asylum procedures of States, cannot establish contact\nwith UNHCR and are at risk of being returned to or left in dangerous circumstances.\n\n\n27. When people are moving in an irregular and unsafe manner by sea, the\nimmediate issue is not whether those individuals meet the criteria for refugee status. In\naccordance with longstanding maritime tradition, the first priority must be to protect the\nright to life by ensuring that those people are rescued and disembarked in a safe and\ntimely manner. Given the growing scale of the problem, UNHCR considers that further\ndiscussion is required so as to reach an international consensus on the attainment of\nthese objectives.\n\n\n28. UNHCR considers that the task of refugee protection can be facilitated by\ninitiatives which reduce the number of people to submit manifestly unfounded asylum\napplications. Indeed, it is to the advantage of refugees, as well as States, to reduce the\npressure placed on national asylum systems by people who are not in need of\ninternational protection but who submit applications for refugee status as a means of\nattaining a migration outcome.\n\n\n29. The Office consequently stands ready to discuss and participate in measures that\nprovide people with the information and opportunities they need to make informed\nchoices about their options. Not least, those people should be informed by States and\ncompetent international organizations of any opportunities that exist for them to move\nin a safe, legal and organized manner, including by means of family reunion and labour\nmigration programmes.\n\n\n30. A related concern, although not one that is linked solely to the issue of mixed\nmovements, is the return of people who have submitted asylum applications and who\nare found not to be in need of international protection. While such migrants are by\ndefinition not of direct concern to the Office, UNHCR recognizes that their continued\npresence in destination countries can undermine the integrity of asylum systems,\ncontribute to public hostility towards foreign nationals and thereby threaten the\nobjective of refugee protection.\n\n\n31. To avert such difficulties, UNHCR considers that it would be appropriate to\ndiscuss how the Office, in partnership with other actors, might contribute to initiatives\nthat are designed to facilitate the return, readmission and reintegration of rejected\nasylum-seekers and to ensure that their human rights and dignity are respected. These\ncould include, for example, profiling exercises to establish the number and\ncharacteristics of rejected asylum-seekers, the dissemination of information to such\npeople in relation to return and onward movement, as well as the promotion of effective\nand rights-based return and reintegration practices.\n\n\n_II. Mixed motivations_\n\n\n32. UNHCR recognizes that some of the people involved in mixed movements may\nalso have mixed motivations. When a person decides to leave her or his own country\nand seek admission to another state, she or he may be prompted by a combination of\nfears, uncertainties, hopes and aspirations which can be difficult to unravel.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "33. This is particularly so when, as is often the case, people are leaving countries that\nare simultaneously affected by human rights violations, armed conflict, ethnic\ndiscrimination, unemployment and deteriorating public services. Increasingly,\nmoreover, such factors are being exacerbated by the problems of climate change and\nenvironmental degradation. In these respects, UNHCR acknowledges that the issue of\nrefugee protection and durable solutions cannot be divorced from questions related to\nunderdevelopment and poverty.\n\n\n34. UNHCR considers that high-quality refugee status determination procedures,\nsupported by accurate and timely country of origin information, make it possible to\ndifferentiate between those people who are in need of international protection and those\nwho are not. The Office is consequently eager to discuss how it might best assist States\nin their efforts to establish such procedures and to access such information. UNHCR\nalso underlines the importance of applying the \u2018benefit of the doubt\u2019 principle in such\nprocedures, so as to ensure that people whose motivations are mixed or unclear are\nprotected from refoulement.\n\n\n_III. Onward or secondary movements_\n\n\n35. A vexing issue for both States and UNHCR concerns the situation of people who\nhave gained refugee status or otherwise accessed protection in one state, whether by\nmeans of a refugee status determination procedure or on a _prima facie_ basis, and who\nsubsequently move on to another country. An even more problematic question concerns\nthe situation of people who have transited through one or more countries in which they\ncould have found protection before reaching a state in which they eventually submit an\napplication for refugee status.\n\n\n36. The rights and responsibilities inherent in such complex circumstances are still in\nneed of clarification, and this paper will not seek to examine or elaborate on them in any\ndetail. [8] There are, however, two overriding principles that guide UNHCR policy in\nrelation to this issue and which might benefit from further consideration.\n\n\n37. First, in situations where refugees are confronted with serious protection\nproblems in their country of putative asylum, UNHCR considers that movements which\nwould otherwise be deemed \u2018irregular\u2019 and \u2018secondary\u2019 in nature are more\nappropriately understood as part of the process of flight from the country of origin.\n\n\n8 The Convention Plus initiative sought, _inter alia_, to promote understandings on how to address\nsecondary movements. Given sharp differences among participating delegations, negotiations on a\nframework of understandings in this regard were suspended and Switzerland and South Africa, the cochairs of this aspect of Convention Plus, issued _Convention Plus Core Group on Addressing Irregular_\n_Secondary Movements of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers: Joint Statement by the Co-Chairs,_\nFORUM/2005/7, 8 November 2005. The Joint Statement reflects, in summary form, the viewpoints\nexpressed within the Core Group on the very complex issues surrounding such movements. See also\nExecutive Committee Conclusion No. 58 (XL) of 1989, \u2018Irregular movement of refugees and asylumseekers from a country in which they had already found protection\u2019.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "38. Second, a refugee who moves on for reasons that are unrelated to their protection\nneeds does not cease to be a refugee, remains a person of concern to UNHCR and must\nbe protected against _refoulement_ . Such refugees are, however, subject to the immigration\ncontrols of the country in which they have arrived, which could in principle lead to\nreturn to their country of first asylum, as long as that country is prepared to readmit\nthem and is able to offer them adequate protection.\n\n\n39. UNHCR considers that these principles are central to any response to the issue of\nonward movement, but that they do not, in themselves, suffice as a framework for a\nresponsible approach to the question of onward and secondary movements. If these\nprinciples are to have meaningful and practical application, they must, for example, be\ncomplemented by adequate levels of international support to host countries in their\nefforts to provide refugees with acceptable conditions of life. The application of these\nprincipals also relies on international cooperation in providing refugees with durable\nsolutions, thereby averting the need for them to engage in irregular onward movements.\n\n\n40. At the same time, it must be recognized that refugees and asylum-seekers will\nseek to move from poorer and less stable parts of the world to more prosperous and\npeaceful regions unless concerted efforts are made to address and diminish such\ndisparities. In the absence of such efforts, secondary movement seems likely to remain a\nfeature of both refugee flows and mixed movements more generally. Finally, UNHCR\nacknowledges that onward or secondary movements may also be prompted by\ndisparities in the services provided by the Office in different countries, and will\nconsequently seek to attain a greater degree of harmonization in this respect.\n\n\n_IV. From refugee movement to mixed movement_\n\n\n41. A refugee exodus may over the course of time become a mixed movement,\ninvolving a progressively smaller proportion of people who have a need for\ninternational protection and a progressively larger proportion of people who are moving\nfor reasons unrelated to refugee status. This does not provide a rationale for the\nintroduction of responses which ignore the refugee component of a mixed movement,\nhowever small that may be. Such situations will, however, require appropriate\nadjustments in the activities of States and UNHCR.\n\n\n42. Such situations may, for example, require UNHCR to engage more directly with\nthe circumstances of people found not to be refugees or otherwise in need of\ninternational protection. This is particularly likely to be case in situations where the\nOffice already has an extensive presence, enjoys a detailed understanding of the\nchanging character of the movement and has already established effective working\nrelationships with States and other stakeholders that are seeking to address the causes\nand consequences of that movement.\n\n\n43. To be more specific, there may be circumstances in which UNHCR can play a\nuseful role in supporting and monitoring the return of non-refugees in their country of\norigin, especially when other actors cannot. The Office may also be able to engage other\nstakeholders in the provision of regular migration opportunities to people who might\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "otherwise be inclined to engage in irregular movements. [9] As well as making effective\nuse of UNHCR\u2019s competencies and capacities, such interventions can preserve the\n\u2018asylum space\u2019 and thereby contribute to the quest for refugee protection and solutions.\n\n\n_V. Human trafficking and smuggling_\n\n\n44. While the victims of human trafficking do not leave their own country in search\nof international protection, such people, particularly women and children, may become\nof concern to UNHCR by virtue of human rights violations experienced during the\ntrafficking process, coupled with the risk that they would be re-trafficked or subjected to\nill-treatment should they go back or be returned to their country of origin. Irregular\nmigrants who rely on the services of smugglers may also become victims of trafficking\nand become of concern to UNHCR, even if it was not their original intention to seek\nrefugee status.\n\n\n45. An important objective for UNHCR in relation to this issue is to ensure that\nvictims and potential victims of trafficking who have a well-founded fear of returning to\ntheir country of origin are identified and given access to asylum procedures. The Office\nalso has a responsibility to try to ensure that persons of concern to UNHCR, including\nrefugees and stateless people, are prevented from becoming victims of trafficking by\nidentifying and responding to relevant risk factors in a timely manner. This entails\naddressing issues related to their documentation, legal status and residency rights.\n\n\n46. With respect to human smuggling, UNHCR\u2019s perspective is twofold. The Office\nis concerned about the many negative dimensions of this phenomenon, including the\nthreat that it poses to the well-being of people who are smuggled, its illicit nature and its\nlinks with others forms of cross-border crime, as well as its role in promoting\nxenophobia in countries of transit and destination. UNHCR therefore encourages States\nto accede to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its\nProtocols, and to publicize the penalties imposed on people who are engaged in\nsmuggling and trafficking.\n\n\n47. At the same time, the Office also notes that many refugees do not have an\nopportunity to leave their own country and to seek asylum elsewhere by lawful means,\nand may consequently be obliged to travel in an irregular manner, including being\nsmuggled. In this respect, the Office welcomes further discussion of the way that the\nimperatives of refugee protection and border control can be reconciled.\n\n\n_VI. Changing status: migration and durable solutions_\n\n\n48. While UNHCR insists on the fundamental distinction that exists between\nrefugees and migrants, the Office recognizes that there are situations in which people in\nboth categories are required to or would benefit from a change in their status.\n\n\n9 In this respect, some particularly interesting precedents were set by UNHCR\u2019s role with IndoChinese refugees and asylum seekers in South-East Asia during the late 1970s and 1980s.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "49. Migrants who leave their own country for non-refugee-related reasons may\nnevertheless acquire a need for international protection during their period of residence\nin another country. An overseas student or contract worker, for example, may become a\n\u2018refugee _sur place\u2019_ if there is a violent change of regime in that person\u2019s country of origin,\nif a civil war erupts, or if the social group to which they belong becomes the target of\npersecution. In such contexts, UNHCR\u2019s objective is to ensure that the people concerned\n\n\nare able to benefit from refugee status or have access to some other and adequate form\nof protection, thereby ensuring that they will not be returned to a situation where their\nlife or liberty would be at risk.\n\n\n50. While migrants sometimes find it necessary to seek refugee status, there are also\nsituations in which people who have fled their own country in response to armed\nconflict and human rights violations may prefer to remain in their country of asylum,\neven if the causes of flight have disappeared in their homeland.\n\n\n51. By acquiring the status of legal migrants in their country of asylum, people of\nconcern or of previous concern to UNHCR may gain an opportunity to develop their\nskills, save some money and support families and communities at home by means of\nremittance transfers. At the same time, by living and working abroad, such people\neffectively reduce the competition for jobs and other scarce resources in their country of\norigin, and thereby contribute to the peacebuilding process. As far as countries of\nasylum are concerned, the continued presence of refugees who have found jobs and\nestablished other livelihoods may make a valuable contribution to the growth and\nproductivity of both local and national economies.\n\n\n52. On the basis of these considerations, UNHCR would welcome further discussion\nof the concept of durable solutions, which has hitherto been associated with the notion\nthat continued mobility on the part of refugees and former refugees represents a failure\nof the integration or reintegration process. In a period of globalization, and at a time\nwhen many countries of origin cannot yet offer adequate jobs and other livelihoods to\ntheir citizens, it may be appropriate to consider whether legal migration opportunities\nshould be incorporated more fully in UNHCR\u2019s approach to the promotion of durable\nsolutions.\n\n\n_VII. Migration and development_\n\n\n53. In recent years there has been intense international interest in the issue of\nmigration and development. Two dimensions of this discourse - remittance transfers\nand the migration of skilled personnel - are of particular interest to UNHCR in the\ncontext of refugee protection and durable solutions.\n\n\n54. With regard to remittances, there is growing evidence to suggest that refugees,\nespecially those in the industrialized States, remit significant amounts of money to\nmembers of their household and community, both in countries of origin and in other\nasylum countries. Such remittances have played an important role in cushioning some\nrefugees from the impact of reductions and blockages in the provision of international\nassistance to the camps and settlements where they live.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "55. Remittances transferred by refugees may also play a role in enabling family\nmembers to remain in their country of origin, rather than feeling compelled to move to\nanother country in order to sustain themselves. UNHCR consequently supports the\nefforts that the World Bank and other actors are making to reduce the transaction costs\nof remittances and to maximize their impact on poverty reduction and development.\n\n\n56. With regard to the issue of skilled personnel, it is evident that refugee\npopulations include people whose talents could and should be put to good use, both in\ncountries of asylum and, if and when they choose to return, in countries of origin. In\nthis context, UNHCR\u2019s primary interest is to ensure that refugees are not excluded from\nor discriminated against in national labour markets, and to ensure that the qualifications\nand credentials they possess are recognized in their country of asylum. The 1951\nConvention, it should be noted, promotes both of these objectives.\n\n\n57. Returning to the more general discourse on migration and development, there is\ngrowing international recognition of the fact that migrants contribute to the prosperity\nof both their destination countries and their countries of origin. Hitherto, however, this\nrecognition has far less frequently been extended to refugees. Indeed, people of concern\nto UNHCR are often perceived as a drain on public resources and a threat to national\nsecurity. As a result, serious constraints have been placed on refugees in many parts of\nthe world, including restrictions on freedom of movement, access to agricultural land\nand the ability to engage in other income-generating activities.\n\n\n58. UNHCR\u2019s objective is to counter these negative perceptions and policies,\nunderlining the fact that refugees have the potential to be agents of development in their\ncountry of asylum by boosting economic production, filling gaps in the labour market\nand by creating new business opportunities. The Office is also eager to gain a wider\nrecognition of the fact that refugees who are able to undertake such activities during\ntheir time in exile will be better placed to go back to their country of origin and\ncontribute to its reconstruction, once conditions allow them to return.\n\n59. Finally, UNHCR underlines the need for States and other actors to address the\nroot causes of many refugee and migratory movements by promoting and realizing the\nright to economic, social, cultural and political development, \u201cin which all human rights\nand fundamental freedoms can be fully realized.\u201d [10]\n\n\n10 Article1of the UN Declaration on the Right to Development.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Implementation strategy**\n\n60. The preceding section of this discussion paper identified the key linkages that\nconnect the issues of refugee protection, durable solutions and international migration,\nand used that analysis as a framework for the presentation of UNHCR\u2019s principal policy\nconcerns and objectives. The following and final section of the document provides a\nsummary of the implementation strategy that the Office is using in its efforts to address\nthese concerns and objectives. The section focuses on special UNHCR initiatives and\narrangements relating to the interface between refugee protection, durable solutions and\ninternational migration, and does not seek to summarize the wide range of associated\nUNHCR activities that constitute the regular and ongoing work of the Office.\n\n\n_I. Operationalizing the 10-Point Plan of Action_\n\n\n61. The heart of UNHCR\u2019s implementation strategy is to be found in \u2018Refugee\nProtection and Mixed Migration: a 10 Point Plan of Action\u2019. Drawing its inspiration\nfrom Goal 2 of the Agenda for Protection, the Plan provides a framework of activities\nthat UNHCR, States and other actors can use to develop comprehensive strategies in\nmixed migration situations, especially when refugees might be at risk of refoulement.\nThe 10 components of the plan are:\n\n\n - Cooperation among key partners\n\n - Data collection and analysis\n\n - Protection-sensitive entry systems\n\n - Reception arrangements\n\n - Mechanisms for profiling and referral\n\n - Differentiated processes and procedures\n\n - Solutions for refugees\n\n - Addressing secondary movements\n\n - Return arrangements for non-refugees and alternative migration options\n\n - Information strategy\n\n62. The 10 Point Plan is not a blueprint that requires identical action to be taken in all\ncircumstances. Rather, it identifies main issues and objectives around which a\ncomprehensive strategy can be formulated, in full recognition of the fact that the\nactivities of UNHCR and other actors subsumed within this strategy must be tailored to\nspecific situations.\n\n\n63. While some elements of the Plan are drawn from well-established UNHCR\npolicies and practices, others are more innovative in nature. These include, for example,\nthe notion of a \u2018profiling and referral mechanism\u2019, which would provide an early\nunderstanding of the circumstances and motives of the journey undertaken by a new\narrival and facilitate the channeling of individual cases into the most appropriate\nresponse mechanism. The Plan also proposes the establishment of differentiated asylum\nprocesses and procedures that can be used to assess cases with varying levels of\ncomplexity. Finally, the Plan highlights the need to promote the return of non-refugees\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and to identify alternative and legal migration options for people who have arrived in\nan irregular manner and who are not in need of international protection.\n\n\n64. In order to ensure its effective operationalization, a wide-ranging checklist has\nbeen established, identifying the specific activities that UNHCR offices can undertake in\nrelation to all components of the Plan. UNHCR\u2019s Regional Bureaux have been asked to\nexamine the Plan and to ascertain its relevance to the mixed movement scenarios with\nwhich they are confronted.\n\n\n65. Additional efforts are now being made to ensure that the Plan is known,\nunderstood and used as a consensus-building tool by UNHCR, States, international\norganizations, NGO partners and civil society institutions. Indeed, the Plan has already\n\n\nattracted considerable interest in this regard. A set of guidelines relating to the Plan are\ncurrently being produced, providing a detailed explanation of its 10 components,\ntogether with good practice examples.\n\n\n66. A particular challenge for UNHCR will be to operationalize the 10 Point Plan in\nregions of the world where States have granted asylum to refugees but are not parties to\nthe 1951 Convention and have not established legal or policy frameworks relating to\nrefugees. In such circumstances, UNHCR\u2019s efforts to fulfill its mandate for protection\nand solutions may benefit from migration, labour and human rights regimes that are\napplicable to refugees but not specifically refugee-related. In the longer term, however,\nthe UNHCR encourages and will assist all States to establish laws, procedures and\npolicies relating to the distinctive situation of persons who are of concern to the Office.\n\n\n_II. Strengthening partnerships_\n\n\n67. As envisaged in the 10 Point Plan, UNHCR\u2019s engagement in the interface\nbetween refugee protection, durable solutions and international migration depends on\nthe establishment of partnerships with governmental, international and nongovernmental actors that bring complementary competencies and capacities to this\npolicy domain. In accordance with this principle, UNHCR is an active member of the\nGlobal Migration Group (GMG), which, since its establishment in 2006, has brought\ntogether 10 major international organizations with an interest and involvement in\nmigration-related issues.\n\n\n68. UNHCR\u2019s implementation strategy is also based on the establishment of stronger\nbilateral partnerships. In this respect, UNHCR places particular importance on its\nrelationship with IOM, which is reinforced by means of an annual high-level meeting\nbetween the High Commissioner and IOM\u2019s Director General. Similar meetings are held\neach year between the High Commissioner and the President of the International\nCommittee of the Red Cross, and with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.\nIssues relating to refugee protection and international migration have featured on the\nagenda of these respective meetings. UNHCR attaches particular value to its\npartnership with the International Labour Organization, especially in situations where\nlabour migration standards and legal frameworks can be used to promote refugee\nprotection and durable solutions.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "69. UNHCR\u2019s efforts to address the issue of refugee protection, durable solutions and\ninternational migration require the Office to capitalize upon its close working\nrelationship with the NGO community. UNHCR will also look beyond its usual range\nof partners in order to ensure that appropriate competencies and capacities are brought\nto bear on the issues addressed in this paper. A good example is to be found in the\nrelationship that UNHCR has established with the International Maritime Organization\nin the context of issues such as interception, rescue at sea and stowaways.\n\n\n_III. Participating in regional migration processes_\n\n\n70. The last decade has witnessed the establishment of a number of regional\nmigration processes, bringing States and other stakeholders together on a regular basis\nto address migration-related issues in specific parts of the world. UNHCR is fully\nsupportive of these processes, recognizing the opportunity they provide for dialogue,\nconfidence-building, as well as enhanced cooperation between States and other\nstakeholders, including on issues of direct concern to the Office.\n\n\n71. UNHCR is already engaged in a number of these processes, including, for\nexample, the Bali Process in the Asia-Pacific region, the Budapest Process in Europe, the\nMigration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA) and the Puebla Process in the\nAmericas. The Office strives to ensure that the agenda and work programmes of such\nregional migration processes take full account of refugee protection and durable\nsolutions concerns.\n\n\n72. UNHCR supports the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders in such\nprocesses, including NGOs, civil society institutions and government ministries dealing\nwith those dimensions of international migration relating to human rights and\ndevelopment. The Office also sees value in an approach which enables the different\nregional migration processes to interact with each other, so as to facilitate the transfer of\ngood practice and lessons learned in areas of concern to UNHCR from one part of the\nworld to another.\n\n\n_IV. Contributing to global migration initiatives_\n\n\n73. UNHCR welcomes the fact that the international discourse on migration has\nbroadened beyond issues of control and state security to incorporate a focus on the\nimpact of human mobility on poverty reduction and development. Recognizing the\nneed to ensure that refugee issues are brought fully into this discourse, UNHCR\nseconded a staff member to the Global Commission on International Migration and\nparticipated in the UN General Assembly\u2019s High-Level Dialogue on Migration and\nDevelopment, held in New York in September 2006.\n\n\n74. UNHCR has also supported the Global Forum on Migration and Development\n(GFMD), the first meeting of which took place in Belgium in July 2007. At the request of\nthe Belgian government, UNHCR supported the Secretariat that was established for this\nevent. The Office is currently making arrangements to assist the Government of the\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Philippines, which will be convening the second meeting of the Global Forum in\nOctober 2008.\n\n\n75. By means of its involvement in such global initiatives, UNHCR hopes to further a\nnumber of the objectives outlined in the preceding section of this paper: raising\nawareness of and mobilizing support for developing countries that are hosting large\nnumbers of refugees; highlighting the contribution that refugees and returnees can make\nto the development of asylum countries and the peacebuilding process in countries of\norigin; and underlining the need for development to be pursued in a way that takes full\naccount of refugee protection and human rights issues.\n\n\n_V. Using presence as a tool of protection_\n\n\n76. UNHCR considers one of its key strengths to be the extent to which it is \u2018on the\nground\u2019, with staff and offices located in close proximity to the locations where refugees\nand other persons of concern are to be found or through which they are moving.\nWithout such a field presence, it would not be possible for the Office to discharge its\nmandate for protection and durable solutions.\n\n\n77. In the context of mixed movements, determining whether and where UNHCR\nshould be present is a particular challenge, given the volatility of such flows and their\ntendency to shift and divert in response to the border control measures introduced by\nStates. The Office will consequently strive to pursue a flexible and cost-effective\napproach to this issue, building capacity and expertise on migration-related protection\nissues in a number of key hubs, while at the same time ensuring that shorter-term\ndeployments can be made in response to specific incidents or crises. [11]\n\n\n_VI. Building and engaging with national capacities_\n\n\n78. UNHCR\u2019s involvement in the interface between refugee protection, durable\nsolutions and international migration is based on the principle that States have primary\nresponsibility for non-citizens on their territory, whether those people are refugees,\nasylum-seekers or migrants. States may, however, lack the resources and capacity to\naddress such issues in an effective manner. UNHCR\u2019s primary concern in this respect is\nto support the development of dedicated systems and procedures that enable States to\nidentify and formally recognize refugees, to ensure that they enjoy the protection to\nwhich they are entitled, and to enable them to find a durable solution.\n\n\n79. As indicated earlier, UNHCR will in some situations be required to engage with\nnational institutional and legal frameworks which treat refugees and irregular migrants\nin an undifferentiated manner. The Office will respond to such situations in a creative\nway, stressing the need for the establishment of refugee-specific protection regimes,\n\n\n11 The deployment of a UNHCR staff member to the Italian island of Lampedusa, where large\nnumbers of foreign nationals have arrived by irregular means, provides one example of this approach.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "while at the same time exploring opportunities for refugee protection and solutions to be\npromoted by other means.\n\n\n80. UNHCR recognizes the need for national capacity-building activities to be\nundertaken in the context of regional and sub-regional approaches, so as to avoid the\ncreation of imbalances and pull-factors which act as an inducement to irregular\nmovement.\n\n\n_VII. Influencing public opinion_\n\n\n81. Recent responses to mixed movements and other dimensions of international\nmigration of concern to UNHCR have been strongly influenced by public opinion and\nmedia coverage. That opinion and coverage has in many instances reflected a\nconsiderable degree of confusion in relation to the respective situation and status of\nrefugees, asylum-seekers, irregular and legal migrants. Politicians seeking to mobilize\npublic support have in some instances contributed to this confusion, engendering an\nenvironment which is detrimental to the protection of refugees and the well-being of\nother foreign nationals.\n\n\n82. While UNHCR\u2019s ability to influence these variables is limited, the Office will\nreinforce and reorient its public information and advocacy efforts, so as to highlight the\nneeds and entitlements of refugees in the context of international migration. To support\nsuch efforts, a portal has been established on the UNHCR website providing access to a\nwide range of relevant UNHCR documents, including the 10 Point Plan of Action. A\ncomplementary photo and video portal is currently under construction.\n\n\n_VIII. Ensuring internal coordination_\n\n\n83. In terms of UNHCR\u2019s internal structure, the issue of refugee protection and\ninternational migration is a cross-cutting one, in which many different parts of the Office\nare involved. The implementation strategy presented in this document consequently\ndepends on effective leadership and internal coordination. To attain this objective, the\nHigh Commissioner has determined that activities relating to the interface between\nrefugee protection, durable solutions and international migration will be led by the\nAssistant High Commissioner (Protection) working under his overall authority.\n\n\n84. Recognizing the growing importance of the linkages between these issues, a\nmultifunctional Migration Working Group (MWG) has been established at UNHCR\nHeadquarters. The Assistant High Commissioner (Protection) will ensure that this body\nmeets on a regular basis and at a suitably senior level, that it establishes a coherent work\nprogramme and that it liaises effectively with other UNHCR units at Headquarters and\nin the field.\n\n\n_IX. Providing staff training_\n\n\n85. While UNHCR staff are familiar with issues relating to refugee protection and\ndurable solutions, their understanding of the way these issues interface with that of\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "international migration is less strong. Responding to this need, UNHCR has for the past\nfour years offered staff members a thematic learning programme on \u2018Protection in the\ncontext of broader migration movements\u2019, as well as mainstreaming the issue in other\nlearning programmes such as the \u2018Protection Learning Programme\u2019.\n\n\n86. The first of these programmes offers UNHCR staff an opportunity to learn about\nthe most recent trends and developments in the rapidly-moving field of international\nmigration, and to consider the implications of these trends and developments for the\nprogrammes for persons of concern to UNHCR in which they are engaged.\n\n\n87. The programme also provides the Office\u2019s personnel with an opportunity to\ninteract with and learn from colleagues in other relevant organizations, including IOM,\nthe Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the International\nLabour Organization. UNHCR will update the learning programme on an annual basis,\nensuring that it is used as a means of disseminating and supporting the implementation\nof the 10 Point Plan of Action. The Office will ensure that all of these initiatives are\nbased upon the principle of Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming.\n\n\n_X. Reviewing UNHCR policies and programmes_\n\n\n88. As observed earlier in this paper, the issue of refugee protection and international\nmigration, and more particularly that of mixed movements, has gained a prominent\nplace on the global policy agenda. Given the predictions that are now being concerning\nthe future movement of people as a result of climate change, natural disasters and global\neconomic disparities, one can expect this issue to remain a high priority for the\ninternational community.\n\n\n_89._ As part of its implementation strategy, UNHCR will keep abreast of and\ncontribute to the discourse of refugee protection and international migration, as well as\ndeveloping and articulating its own policies in this policy domain. The Office will also\nreview the effectiveness of its interventions in this area in order to learn lessons from its\nexperience and to ensure that they are incorporated in its policymaking and\nprogramming processes.\n\n\n_UNHCR_\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/36bde218-1b2b-31a1-b766-539681f27946/3426184715652C12C12573A00049B74B-unhcr-nov2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_760/raw/doc_760_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_760/raw/doc_760_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fd975a53edf8b1c78ecb05ec42e38d716604b548..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_760/raw/doc_760_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n\n### **Juin 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. RESUME**\n\nCette analyse porte sur la situation de protection qui pr\u00e9vaut dans la\npartie frontali\u00e8re de la province de l\u2019Ituri et du Nord Kivu. Elle couvre\nen particulier les territoires de Beni et Lubero dans le Nord Kivu, ainsi\nque les territoires d\u2019Irumu et de Mambasa dans l\u2019Ituri. Toutes ces\nzones sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par la pr\u00e9sence de diff\u00e9rents groupes\narm\u00e9s [1] et se trouvent dans les deux provinces concern\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00e9tat\nde si\u00e8ge \u00e9tabli en mai 2021 par le gouvernement de la RDC et\ntoujours en vigueur.\n\nCes groupes arm\u00e9s s\u2019affrontent entre eux ou contre les forces arm\u00e9es\nCongolaises (FARDC) et/ou les forces internationales (Ougandaises,\nMONUSCO), soit pour assurer le contr\u00f4le de la zone et \u00e9tendre leur\nh\u00e9g\u00e9monie dans les localit\u00e9s, soit pour s\u2019adonner \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation\nillicite des ressources naturelles et aux pillages des biens des civils.\nCes groupes arm\u00e9s se distinguent du point de vue de leur mode\nop\u00e9ratoire. Parmi ces groupes arm\u00e9s, l\u2019un des plus actifs et qui se\nsingularise par sa violence, est l\u2019ADF (Allied Democratic Forces). Les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe \u00e9taient auparavant localis\u00e9s principalement\ndans la province du Nord Kivu, mais en raison de leur traque par les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC (suite notamment au renforcement du dispositif\nmilitaire avec l\u2019instauration de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge, et plus tard avec le\nlancement des op\u00e9rations conjointes avec les forces arm\u00e9es\nougandaises), ils ont travers\u00e9 vers la province de l\u2019Ituri o\u00f9 ils ont\ninstall\u00e9 des bastions dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, Boga et\nMandima dans le territoire d\u2019Irumu.\n\n\n1 Nk : Mai-Mai; ADF, Ituri: CODECO.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessus s\u2019ajoutent les effets d\u2019une crise\nconjoncturelle s\u00e9vissant au Petit Nord Kivu, en particulier sur le\nterritoire de Rutshuru : la reprise des affrontements entre le groupe\nM23 et les FARDC a entrain\u00e9 des red\u00e9ploiements temporaires de\ncertaines unit\u00e9s FARDC et bases de la MONUSCO des territoires de\nBeni et Lubero, vers celui de Rutshuru, engendrant une hausse de\nl\u2019activisme et des attaques men\u00e9es par les groupes arm\u00e9s contre les\npopulations civiles [2] mais aussi le d\u00e9placement des populations.\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence de ces groupes arm\u00e9s cause une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante\ndans la zone, et ce sont les populations civiles qui en payent le plus\nlourd tribut. En plus du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 qui est la premi\u00e8re\ncons\u00e9quence de l\u2019activisme de ces groupes arm\u00e9s, beaucoup de\nviolations des droits humains sont rapport\u00e9es dans cette zone. Les\nprincipaux risques de protection auxquels les populations font face\ndans ces territoires frontali\u00e8res s\u2019articulent autour de :\n\n\n1. Attaques contre des civils et homicides, enl\u00e8vements et\n\nattaques contre des infrastructures civiles.\n2. Recrutement et utilisation des enfants par les groupes\n\narm\u00e9s.\n3. S\u00e9paration familiale forc\u00e9e et d\u2019autres graves violations des\n\ndroits des enfants.\n4. Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n5. Accidents et d\u2019explosions par mines, REG et Engins Explosifs\n\nImprovis\u00e9s (EEI).\n\nLa d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des moyens de subsistance et la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire sont d\u2019autres cons\u00e9quences de cette situation.\n\n\n2 A titre d\u2019illustration, fin mai 2022, la zone de Mayimoya-EnringetiMamove a \u00e9t\u00e9 vid\u00e9e d\u2019importants effectifs FARDC et la TOB de la\nMONUSCO a \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9e, entrainant la recrudescence des attaques ADF.\n\n\n\n|Chiffres clefs de Protection Personnes dans le besoin :|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|NORD KIVU: 3 487 021 Personnes|NORD KIVU: 3 487 021 Personnes|\n|BENI|134 987|\n|LUBERO|484 270|\n\n\n|ITURI: 2 237 468 Personnes|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|IRUMU|506 265|\n|MAMBASA|173 688|\n\n\n|Nombre de personnes affect\u00e9es :|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|NORD KIVU : 10 927 686 Personnes|NORD KIVU : 10 927 686 Personnes|\n|BENI|449 812|\n|LUBERO|1 712 929|\n\n\n|ITURI : 5 884 527 Personnes|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|IRUMU|1 057 543|\n|MAMBASSA|395 464|\n\n\n|Chiffres sur les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes :|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|NORD KIVU: 1 870 939 Personnes|NORD KIVU: 1 870 939 Personnes|\n|BENI|15 584|\n|LUBERO|263 347|\n\n\n|ITURI: 1 901 134 Personnes|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|IRUMU|497 987|\n|MAMBASSA|159 560|\n\n\n_Victimes civiles dans les 6 derniers mois :_\n\n\n|NORD KIVU|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|BENI|2 202|\n|LUBERO|1 654|\n\n\n|ITURI|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|IRUMU|3678|\n|MAMBASSA|1025|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **2. CONTEXTE**\n\nMalgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une multitude de groupes arm\u00e9s, les territoires\ncouverts par cette analyse pr\u00e9sentent un facteur principal commun\nde d\u00e9stabilisation : la pr\u00e9sence et les attaques r\u00e9currentes des ADF,\nqui entrainent des mouvements de population trans-territoriaux et\ntransfrontaliers, et qui s\u2019accompagnent de graves violations des\ndroits humains. Par ailleurs, l'\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge en place depuis mai 2021\nfait l'objet de critiques et d\u2019accusations de la part de la population\ncivile, d'atteintes aux droits humains commises par les FARDC. En\neffet, l'\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre les tensions\nentre les FARDC et les groupes arm\u00e9s et a donn\u00e9 plus de pouvoir aux\nFARDC, ce qui a \u00e9galement entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation des violations\ndes droits humains de leur part. Il convient de noter que ces\nterritoires sont des localit\u00e9s \u00e0 vocation agricole mais aussi des zones\nmini\u00e8res, facilitant ainsi la culture du cacao et du caf\u00e9, mais aussi\nl\u2019exploitation souvent illicite des ressources mini\u00e8res.\n\nAinsi, on rel\u00e8ve dans ces localit\u00e9s une grande pr\u00e9sence de migrants\n\u00e9conomiques en provenance de la province voisine du Nord Kivu\n(populations principalement Banyabwisha et Nande). Dans le but de\nrestaurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e par le groupe arm\u00e9 ADF,\ndes op\u00e9rations militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la\nRDC (FARDC) depuis 2020, occasionnant le red\u00e9ploiement de ces\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments vers les territoires de Mambasa et Irumu dans la province\nde l\u2019Ituri. La persistance des exactions et la menace que constitue ce\ngroupe arm\u00e9 envers l\u2019Ouganda aurait pouss\u00e9 les dirigeants de ce pays\net de la RDC \u00e0 mutualiser leurs forces (UPDF et FARDC) afin de traquer\net mettre un terme aux actions des ADF.\n\n\n\nApr\u00e8s le lancement des op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC/UPDF en\nnovembre 2021 contre les ADF, ceux-ci ont pris diff\u00e9rentes directions\npour \u00e9chapper aux bombardements et op\u00e9rations de traque. Un\ngroupe s\u2019est retranch\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9serve du Mont Hoyo dans la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Komanda, et les autres ont pris d\u2019autres directions,\nnotamment vers l\u2019ouest, le long de la route nationale RN 4 en zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Komanda. Ces dispersions leur ont permis de conduire\ndavantage d\u2019attaques sur Komanda et des agglom\u00e9rations situ\u00e9es sur\nl\u2019axe Komanda-Luna pour les groupes se trouvant dans la r\u00e9serve, et\nde mener des attaques sur les localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es sur la jonction Nord\nKivu-Irumu, Irumu-Mambasa, pour les groupes se trouvant dans la\npartie ouest de la RN4, mais aussi de tendre des embuscades sur l\u2019axe\nMangina-Biakato. Par exemple, le 5 juin, 37 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda par les forces de l'ADF.\n\nAu niveau de Beni, des zones autrefois non touch\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\net consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des zones d\u2019accueil des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ncomme la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mabalako et de Mutwanga sont\ndevenues, apr\u00e8s le lancement des op\u00e9rations conjointes\nFARDC/UPDF \u00ab Ushujaa \u00bb, des zones cibl\u00e9es par les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ADF qui\nm\u00e8nent des attaques contre les civils et provoquent des\nd\u00e9placements vers la ville de Beni, et vers d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s voisines\njug\u00e9es plus ou moins sures. Au niveau de Nobili, certaines zones qui\nn\u2019\u00e9taient pas affect\u00e9es, comme Luanoli, sont devenues aujourd\u2019hui\nles principales cibles d\u2019attaques du groupe arm\u00e9 ADF.\n\nDe plus, on constate que le territoire de Mambasa (province d\u2019Ituri)\nest toujours affect\u00e9 par les attaques accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019exactions des\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ADF, \u00e0 mesure que ceux-ci progressent vers le centre de Mambasa,\nen empruntant l\u2019axe Komanda-Mambasa : \u00e0 titre d\u2019illustration, entre\nd\u00e9but avril et le 15 mai 2022, plus de 11 attaques contre des civils ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans cette zone, entrainant le massacre de 48 civils, de\nnombreux kidnappings, vols de biens et incendies de maisons et de\nvoitures.\n\nPar cons\u00e9quent, malgr\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations conjointes UPDF/FARDC avec\nl\u2019appui de la MONUSCO, ainsi que les changements au niveau des\ncommandements des FARDC dans les zones frontali\u00e8res entre les\nprovinces du Nord Kivu et l\u2019Ituri, les ADF continuent de commettre\nde graves exactions. En outre, on observe un climat de m\u00e9fiance de la\npopulation envers les FARDC et la MONUSCO du fait que certains\ncontingents de la MONUSCO et certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC sont parfois\naccus\u00e9s par la population civile d\u2019\u00eatre complices des ADF. Cette\nm\u00e9fiance a malheureusement conduit \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019autres milices\narm\u00e9es qui elles aussi commettent des exactions contre la\npopulation.\n\n\n**Violations commises par les ADF entre f\u00e9vrier et avril 2022**\n\n\n\n**165**\n\n\n\n**173**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Enl\u00e8vements** **Incendie** **Pillages** **Coups et**\n**Blessures**\n\n\n**Boga** **Komanda** **Mandima**\n\n\n\n**Homicides**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En plus des ADF, d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s s\u00e9vissent dans la zone sous\nanalyse. Dans le territoire d\u2019Irumu, on note la pr\u00e9sence des FPIC qui\noccupent une partie de Boga et de Komanda (qui sont des zones de\nd\u00e9placement) ainsi que les FRPI dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Gety au\nnord de Boga. Des groupes arm\u00e9s Mai-Mai sont de plus en plus actifs\ndans la zone d\u2019Eringeti, et la partie sud de Lubero est menac\u00e9e par\nl\u2019av\u00e8nement d\u2019autres factions des Mai-Mai qui luttent pour des\nquestions de contr\u00f4le des territoires et de leadership, et pour\nl\u2019exploitation des ressources naturelles. En outre, depuis novembre\n2021, la pr\u00e9sence et les attaques croissantes du mouvement M23 ont\nencore d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9 la situation notamment autour du territoire de\nRutshuru au Nord Kivu. Cela signifie que les FARDC et la MONUSCO\nont redirig\u00e9 une partie troupes vers ces zones \u00e9galement.\n\nLa combinaison de tous ces facteurs a entrain\u00e9 d\u2019importants\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de la population vers le Nord Kivu, Biakato\ncentre et sur l\u2019axe Komanda- Lolwa- Mambasa. La zone de Boga est\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 vid\u00e9e d\u2019une grande partie de sa population depuis l\u2019ann\u00e9e\nderni\u00e8re. Au 25 avril 2022, la zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda accueillait\n20,118 m\u00e9nages, soit environ 100,590 personnes, la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nLolwa 29,943 m\u00e9nages, soit environ 149,715 personnes, et la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Mambasa, 973 m\u00e9nages soit environ 4,865 personnes.\nEnviron 35% de ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vivent dans les centres collectifs, 5%\ndans les anciens sites et 60% dans des familles d\u2019accueil. Il y a des\nrapports sur des \u2018imp\u00f4ts\u2019 que les PDIs doivent payer pour rester dans\nles centres collectifs. La situation humanitaire de ces personnes reste\npr\u00e9occupante. De faibles mouvements de retour sont observ\u00e9s,\nmalgr\u00e9 les graves risques de protection auxquels font face les\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es. Ainsi, des t\u00eates d\u00e9capit\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es\ndans les champs de cacao. Il apparait que les ADF essayent de\ndissuader tout retour pour pouvoir exploiter les ressources,\n\n\n\nnotamment les champs de cacao et autres produits agricoles. Il faut\nnoter qu\u2019avec cette dispersion des ADF dans la zone, le risque de\nnouvelles attaques et embuscades contre les civils a fortement\naugment\u00e9, ce qui a emp\u00each\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations civiles \u00e0 leurs\nchamps, et donc aux vivres et moyens de subsistance (l\u2019agriculture\n\u00e9tant leur principale source de revenue), et sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie des\nprovinces du Nord Kivu, de l\u2019Ituri et de la Tshopo qui en d\u00e9pend.\n\nCette situation engendre des cons\u00e9quences sur le quotidien de la\npopulation car les prix des biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9\naugmentent au quotidien. En plus, les cas de malnutrition aigu\u00eb\ns\u00e9v\u00e8re (MAS) sont en augmentation et entra\u00eenent des d\u00e9c\u00e8s principalement d'enfants de moins de cinq ans.\n\n\n_**Evolution des prix de quelques produits de grande consommation \u00e0**_\n\n_**Komanda**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|\u2116|D\u00e9signation|Unit\u00e9|Prix
avant la
crise
(Janvier
2022)|Prix
pendant
la crise
(24 avril
2022)|Ecarts|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1.|Ma\u00efs|Bassin|15 000|20 000|+ 33%|\n|2.|Haricot|Seau|19 000|25 000|+ 32%|\n|3.|Riz|1 kg|2000|2200|+ 10%|\n|4.|Charbon de
bois|Sac|20 000|25 000|+ 25%|\n|5.|Savon de
lessive|Barre|1 500|2 000|+ 33%|\n|6.|Feuille de
manioc|Boite|500|1 000|+ 100%|\n|7.|Banana|R\u00e9gime|5 000|12 000|+ 140%|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **3. RISQUES DE PROTECTION** Risque 1 : Attaques contre des civils et homicides,\n##### enl\u00e8vements et attaques contre des infrastructures civiles\n\n\u00c0 la suite de la dispersion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF fuyant les frappes et la\ntraque des forces conjointes UPDF-FARDC, la population civile a \u00e9t\u00e9\nplus que jamais expos\u00e9e aux attaques arm\u00e9es entrainant\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, meurtres, pillages et incendies des biens, coups\net blessures, enl\u00e8vements, etc. M\u00eame si la plupart des violations ont\nattribuables aux diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s qui s\u00e9vissent dans la zone\nsous analyse, des exactions commises par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans les zones o\u00f9 ils sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour combattre\nces \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s ADF et Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef. Ces exactions sont\nnotamment les viols, les pillages de maisons abandonn\u00e9es par la suite\ndu d\u00e9placement de la population, les extorsions des biens des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui effectuent des mouvements pendulaires pour aller\nr\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les biens, les vivres ou les articles m\u00e9nager dans leurs\nlocalit\u00e9s d\u2019origine. Des jeunes qui ne sont pas en possession de leur\ncarte d\u2019\u00e9lecteurs sont souvent assimil\u00e9s aux membres de groupes\narm\u00e9s et sont tr\u00e8s souvent victimes de violations notamment de\ntortures, d\u00e9tention arbitraire, de coups et blessures ou de travaux\nforc\u00e9s.\n\nPour la seule province de l\u2019Ituri, 13,461 cas de violations de droits\nhumains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 mai 2022, principalement\ndans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019Aru, Djugu, Irumu, Mahagi, Mambasa, Faradje.\nParmi ces cas, 2,299 sont des violations de droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, 5,746 cas\nde violations de droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 1,348 cas de violations du droit\n\n\n\n\u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et 653 des cas de violences sexuelles. Les cas\nsignal\u00e9s ne sont qu'une indication d'une situation beaucoup plus\ngrave.\n\n\nDans les territoires de Lubero et Beni (Nord Kivu), les acteurs de\nmonitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 2205 violations des droits\nhumains du 1 [er] janvier au 31 mai 2022, avec une pr\u00e9dominance de\n271 violations relatives aux extorsions, 224 homicides et 210 cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs sont principalement les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 ADF (33%), ensuite ceux des groupes\narm\u00e9s Mai-Mai et leurs diff\u00e9rentes factions (31%) sans oublier les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC et PNC (17%).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### Risque 2 : Recrutement et utilisation des enfants\n##### par les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\nDepuis 2021, le Nord Kivu et l\u2019Ituri demeurent les provinces o\u00f9 le plus\ngrand nombre de violations graves contre les enfants a \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9 et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9. Parmi ces violations, le recrutement et\nl\u2019utilisation des enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s est la principale\nviolation document\u00e9e. Les modes op\u00e9ratoires demeurent cependant\ndiff\u00e9rent pour les groupes arm\u00e9s actifs.\n\n\n\nIl est \u00e0 noter que l\u2019un des risques encourus est aussi celui de\nl\u2019enl\u00e8vement, particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones o\u00f9 les ADF sont actifs.\nLes enl\u00e8vements sont principalement op\u00e9r\u00e9s pour notamment\nfaciliter le transport du butin, pour l\u2019exploitation sexuelle ainsi que\npour l\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfant comme combattants. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\ns\u2019observe principalement dans la zone de Tchabi, Boga, sur l\u2019axe\nKomanda-Luna, \u00e0 Mandima et actuellement sur l\u2019axe Komanda-Lolwa\n(route Kisangani) sur la RN4.\n\nPar ailleurs, d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s utilisent deux modes de\nrecrutement \u00e0 savoir le recrutement volontaire et le recrutement\nforc\u00e9. Ces deux types de recrutement ont pour but de gonfler les\neffectifs mais aussi pour l\u2019utilisation des enfants dans les actions de\nrepr\u00e9sailles ou vengeance envers les membres des autres\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Ces groupes arm\u00e9s ciblent plus particuli\u00e8rement les\nenfants de l\u2019\u00e2ge variant entre 10 et 17 ans, per\u00e7ue comme la tranche\nd\u2019\u00e2ge o\u00f9 les enfants ont la capacit\u00e9 de combattre ou alors \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de\nprocr\u00e9ation pour les filles. Le manque d\u2019autres opportunit\u00e9s\n(\u00e9ducation, formations, travail) rendent aussi ces enfants et jeunes\nvuln\u00e9rables aux recrutements dans les groupes arm\u00e9s. Enfin,\nsignalons que les filles font face \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes particuliers comme\nl\u2019esclavage sexuel et le mariage forc\u00e9 dans le contexte o\u00f9 les groupes\narm\u00e9s sont actifs.\n\n#### Risque 3 : S\u00e9paration familiale forc\u00e9e\n\n\nVu la tension qui r\u00e8gne dans les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es, les\nmouvements des populations s\u2019observent au quotidien,\noccasionnant les s\u00e9parations familiales d\u2019enfants de leurs parents ou\ntuteurs. Par exemple, lors des attaques de sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Boga\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "en mai 2021, le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 qui en a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 a caus\u00e9 la\ns\u00e9paration familiale de dizaines d\u2019enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s\npendant les semaines suivant les attaques, dont certains \u00e9taient\narriv\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la ville de Bunia sans leurs parents/tuteurs.\nCe risque n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas les enfants les plus jeunes vu, qu\u2019en Ituri,\ndans les premiers mois de 2022, 40% des ENA identifi\u00e9s par les\nacteurs de Protection de l\u2019Enfance avaient moins de 9 ans, donc \u00e9tant\nsouvent encore plus vuln\u00e9rables et compliquant davantage le\nprocessus de recherche et r\u00e9unification familiale. Les ENA, en\nsituation de rupture familiale, sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 tout risque (viol,\nexploitation, recrutement dans les groupes arm\u00e9, etc.). Le manque\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans de nombreuses zones dans le Sud de l\u2019Ituri\nou dans le Grand Nord du Nord Kivu impacte aussi n\u00e9gativement les\nactivit\u00e9s de recherche et r\u00e9unification familiale des ENA et EAFGA,\ncausant des retards et augmentant la p\u00e9riode de s\u00e9paration familiale,\navec des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives sur les enfants.\n\n#### Risque 4 : Autres violations graves des droits des\n##### enfants\n\n\nLes enfants habitant les zones couvertes par cette analyse vivent des\nsituations complexent durant lesquelles ils voient leurs proches tu\u00e9s,\nd\u00e9capit\u00e9s ou viol\u00e9s. Par cons\u00e9quence, leur vie affective et\npsychologique est durablement affect\u00e9e. En outre, le groupe ADF qui\nest le plus actif et commun \u00e0 toutes les zones sous analyse ainsi que\nle FPIC se caract\u00e9risent par la pratique de mutilation des populations\nciviles et plus particuli\u00e8rement des enfants. D\u2019autres formes de\ngraves violations des droits de l\u2019enfant sont enregistr\u00e9es dans la\nzone. Les attaques contre les \u00e9coles et h\u00f4pitaux sont celles qui\naffectent en majorit\u00e9 les enfants et les femmes, commises\n\n\n\nprincipalement par les ADF qui se caract\u00e9risent dans ce type de\nviolations. Le manque d'acc\u00e8s aux champs et la difficult\u00e9 d'obtenir\ndes aliments sur les march\u00e9s peuvent conduire \u00e0 une augmentation\ndes m\u00e9canismes d'adaptation n\u00e9gatifs qui peuvent exposer\ndavantage les enfants \u00e0 des risques. De plus, la pr\u00e9sence de mines\n(telles que d\u00e9crites ci-dessous) affecte particuli\u00e8rement les enfants\nqui en sont souvent victimes.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, il convient de noter que les groupes arm\u00e9s utilisent des\nenfants pour travailler dans les mines. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des FARDC \u00e9galement,\nles populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es rapportent que des enfants sont utilis\u00e9s\npour travailler pour les groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment par exemple\nlorsque des enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s travaillent dans des bars pour servir de\nl'alcool aux soldats.\n\n#### Risque 5 : Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont devenues quasi-quotidiennes\ndans le cadre du conflit arm\u00e9 en cours r\u00e9sultant des diff\u00e9rentes\nattaques aussi bien des groupes arm\u00e9s nationaux (Mai-Mai et leurs\ndiff\u00e9rentes factions) mais aussi de groupe arm\u00e9 international (ADF)\net les FARDC. Il sied de rappeler que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe ADF\nutiliseraient les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, notamment les viols,\nviolences sexuelles et physiques, comme une arme de guerre pour\ncr\u00e9er une psychose au sein des communaut\u00e9s afin de les terroriser\ndavantage. Les rapports de viols commis par les soldats des FARDC\nsont nombreux, y compris parmi les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qu'ils sont\ncens\u00e9s prot\u00e9ger.\n\n\nCette pratique serait r\u00e9pandue \u00e9galement au sein des autres groupes\narm\u00e9s, y compris des pratiques similaires comme les enl\u00e8vements de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "femmes et de jeunes filles \u00e0 des fins d\u2019exploitation sexuelle. Les\nterritoires de Beni et Lubero enregistrent plus de 60% des viols\nenregistr\u00e9s dans le Nord Kivu. Il faut \u00e9galement reconna\u00eetre que les\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre victimes d'exploitation et d'abus\nsexuels de la part des soldats.\n\n\nIl sied de rappeler que le probl\u00e8me de non-d\u00e9nonciation des cas par\nles survivantes, craignant d\u2019\u00eatre chass\u00e9es de leurs foyers, la faible\ncouverture de la zone par les acteurs de protection, l\u2019impunit\u00e9, la\nd\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile, le manque de sensibilisation, le manque\nd\u2019encadrements des enfants par certains parents (absences\nprolong\u00e9es pour aller camper dans les champs lointains pour\npratiquer l\u2019agricultures) ne permettent pas de disposer des\ninformations \u00e0 temps sur les survivantes.\n\n#### Risque 6 : Pr\u00e9sence de mines et engins explosifs\n\n\nL\u2019utilisation des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI) pi\u00e9g\u00e9s, Reste\nExplosif de Guerre (REG), sont devenus le nouvel mode op\u00e9ratoire\nsurtout des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF dans cette zone. On note une tendance \u00e0\ncacher les explosifs improvis\u00e9s sur les routes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux champs,\nm\u00eame dans des zones rurales, apr\u00e8s des incursions, probablement\npour terroriser les civils. Une autre tendance est la croissance\nexponentielle de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosifs utilis\u00e9s dans les\ncentres urbains, notamment \u00e0 Beni.\n\n\nSelon la coordination du Groupe de Travail Lutte Anti-Mines, entre\n1 [er] septembre 2021 et 31 mars 2022 dans les provinces Nord Kivu et\nIturi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 75 incidents de protection li\u00e9s aux engins\nexplosifs improvis\u00e9s et restes de guerres ayant entrain\u00e9 22 morts et\n68 personnes bless\u00e9es. Les zones de sant\u00e9 les plus affect\u00e9es sont :\nMutwanga, Beni ville et Oicha.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4. CONTEXTE OP\u00c9RATIONNEL ET ACC\u00c8S** **HUMANITAIRE**\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les territoires concern\u00e9s\npar cette analyse reste tr\u00e8s alarmante, malgr\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires conjointes FARDC/UPDF et les op\u00e9rations FARDC/\nMONUSCO. En termes d\u2019incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, on est pass\u00e9 d\u2019une\nmoyenne de 3 par semaine, a une dizaine la semaine \u00e9coul\u00e9e. Les\npopulations civiles se d\u00e9placent vers diff\u00e9rentes directions au gr\u00e9 des\nattaques. Cette situation engendre plusieurs cons\u00e9quences sur le\nplan humanitaire qui expliquent en partie la lenteur observ\u00e9e pour\napporter une r\u00e9ponse d\u2019urgence. Ces cons\u00e9quences sont\nnotamment, le probl\u00e8me d\u2019acc\u00e8s qui r\u00e9duit les possibilit\u00e9s de mener\ndes interventions humanitaires dans les zones affect\u00e9es ainsi que\nl\u2019extr\u00eame difficult\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer les besoins humanitaires r\u00e9els dans un\nenvironnement qui est cependant marqu\u00e9 par la diminution\ndrastique des ressources. De plus, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 accru et les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires intensives rendent difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire aux civils\naffect\u00e9s par les affrontements et abus des droits humains. De\nnombreuses zones (zones de sant\u00e9 de Mutwanga, Oicha, Kamango,\nKayna, Kirumba, etc.) ne sont pas accessibles sans escorte des forces\nde la MONUSCO pour les agences des Nations Unies et certaines ONG\ninternationales. L\u2019absence de l\u2019aide appropri\u00e9e risque d\u2019augmenter\nles vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et les besoins de protection des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. En plus, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante sur les territoires de Beni\net Lubero a suscit\u00e9 une m\u00e9fiance de la grande partie des populations\nface aux acteurs s\u00e9curitaires.\n\n\nCette situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e dans la zone a contribu\u00e9\nsignificativement \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire. Ainsi par\nexemple, depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, l\u2019axe Mavivi-Eringeti\n\n\n\n(fronti\u00e8re entre le territoire de Beni et la province d\u2019Ituri) est devenu\ninaccessible alors que l\u2019axe permettait d\u2019atteindre notamment \u00e0\nOicha qui est zone d\u2019accueil de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Il en est de m\u00eame du\ntron\u00e7on Butembo-Kasindi dont les usagers y sont sous risques\nd\u2019attaques et embuscades de la part des ADF, ce qui complique\ndavantage l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **5. RECOMMANDATIONS ET ACTIONS** **PRIORITAIRES**\n\n**Aux Cluster Protection et acteurs de protection**\n\n - Etablir la cartographies des services dans la zone pour\nnotamment avoir une vue d\u2019ensemble des acteurs et des\ndiff\u00e9rents services existants afin de faciliter la coordination\net le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement.\n\n - Poursuivre et accentuer la pratique des analyses conjointes\nde protection pour renforcer les plaidoyers.\n\n - Envisager la mise en place d\u2019une \u00e9valuation de protection \u00e0\nNobili ax\u00e9e sur la situation des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es pour\nmettre en \u0153uvre ensuite des activit\u00e9s d\u2019assistance et\nprotection transfrontali\u00e8re avec l\u2019Ouganda.\n\n - Initier une analyse sur la probl\u00e9matique des attaques contre\nles communaut\u00e9s retourn\u00e9es qui est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de plus\nen plus fr\u00e9quent dans la zone afin de d\u00e9gager les causes, en\nfaisant notamment le lien avec les questions d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nressources naturelles en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et au foncier en particulier,\net explorer les voies de r\u00e9duction des risques y associ\u00e9s.\n\n - Assurer la diss\u00e9mination de la cartographie des services de\nprotection existants \u00e0 tous les acteurs humanitaires\nintervenants dans la zone.\n\n - D\u00e9velopper une liste de lieux prot\u00e9g\u00e9s tels que les \u00e9coles et\nles h\u00f4pitaux pour partage avec le gouvernement et les forces\nde d\u00e9fense.\n\n - Faire de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs pour renforcer le\nfinancement des activit\u00e9s VBG.\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019analyse et la cartographies sur la tendance\nsp\u00e9cifique d\u2019utilisation des explosifs improvis\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n - Avec le soutien technique du Cluster Protection, r\u00e9aliser une\nnote d\u2019information sp\u00e9cifique renseignant sur l\u2019ampleur du\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne REG et IED au Grand Nord Kivu et au Sud de\nl\u2019Ituri - nombre, risques et pistes de solutions.\n\n\n**A la MONUSCO**\n\n - Renforcer sa pr\u00e9sence dans les zones les plus \u00e0 risque\nd\u2019attaques notamment les zones de d\u00e9placement et de\nretour, en prenant en compte des zones prioritaires\nidentifi\u00e9es conjointement avec les acteurs de protection.\n\n - Renforcer le dispositif s\u00e9curitaire notamment les patrouilles\nsur les axes emprunt\u00e9s par les groupes arm\u00e9s dans leur\ndispersion ou dans leurs mouvements de repli afin de\nprot\u00e9ger les civils et leurs biens.\n\n - Mener des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle ainsi\nqu\u2019une professionnalisation rapide des services nationaux de\nrecherche, de cordon et de nettoyage.\n\n\n**Aux bailleurs**\n\n - Assurer les financements \u00e0 long terme pour le soutien aux\nprogrammes de protection.\n\n - Financer les activit\u00e9s de lutte anti-mines afin de permettre\nune r\u00e9ponse holistique aux besoins des personnes \u00e0 risque et\naux victimes des IED et REG.\n\n\n**Au HCT**\n\n - Dans le cadre de la centralit\u00e9 de la protection, envisager une\nanalyse \u201cne pas nuire \u00bb qui identifie les risques de protection\nainsi que les mesures de mitigation que toutes interventions\nhumanitaires dans tous les secteurs devraient inclure.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1573ded-f258-4586-b1f9-2483227d746e/Zone%20Frontali%C3%A8re%20Nord%20Kivu%20-%20Ituri%2C%20R%C3%A9publique%20D%C3%A9mocratique%20du%20Congo%20-%20Protection%20Analysis%20Update%20%28Juin%202022%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_761/raw/doc_761_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_761/raw/doc_761_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d0fe4d25a9808209e12d40a93f9a6d4f53c29e72..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_761/raw/doc_761_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,390 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# A SEARCH FOR COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# A SEARCH FOR COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Contents**\n\n**Introduction to Sustainable Shelter Solutions ............................................................................ 4**\n\n**Improved understanding and advocacy of Land Tenure (HLP) ....................................................... 4**\n**Local Building Culture, Building Back Safer and Owner Driven approaches .............................. 6**\n\n**A Search to Complimentary Approaches ...................................................................................... 7**\n\n**PROBLEM STATEMENT FOR URBAN SHELTER ACTIVITIES ............................................................... 7**\n**COMBINING DIFFERENT INITIATIVES AND FUNDING .......................................................................... 8**\n**SCHEMATICS and Shelter Project Cycle through Owner Driven Construction ........................... 9**\n\n**Annex 1: BRCiS Baseline Survey for Baidoa and Kismaayo .................................................... 9**\n\n**Annex 2: Background to Baidoa and Kismaayo pilots ........................................................... 11**\n\n**KISMAAYO ......................................................................................................................................................... 11**\n\nGeneral ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11\nIDP Population .............................................................................................................................................................. 11\nVoluntary Refugee Returns (VOLREP) ................................................................................................................ 11\nResilience Programs (BRCiS) and the PSGs ...................................................................................................... 11\nAchievements in Land tenure and Pilot Local Building Culture ............................................................... 12\n**BAIDOA .............................................................................................................................................................. 13**\n\nGeneral ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13\nIDP Population .............................................................................................................................................................. 13\nVoluntary Refugee Returns (VOLREP) ................................................................................................................ 13\nResilience Programs (BRCiS and SOMREP) ...................................................................................................... 13\nAchievements in Land tenure and Pilot Local Building Culture ............................................................... 14\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# SUSTAINABLE SHELTER SOLUTIONS\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Introduction to Sustainable Shelter Solutions**\n\nThe Shelter Cluster\u2019s main target population for 2016 is restricted to internally displaced persons.\nThe current SC strategy targets 480,000 displaced persons. The Shelter Cluster strategy has three\nmain objectives: Emergency, Transitional and Durable Solutions. Capacity-building and a\ncoordination component has been embedded within all of the pillars.\n\nThe Somalia Shelter Cluster (SC) has historically provided emergency assistance to newly displaced\npeople affected by natural and human-caused disasters (e.g., flood, fire, drought, conflict and\nevictions). However, with the overall security situation having improved since the beginning of\n2013, the cluster is placing more of an emphasis on sustainable shelter solutions for protractedly\ndisplaced persons and is moving away from ONLY lifesaving activities. Since the target population\nfor the SC are IDPs, the nature of their displacement is protracted (for some households,\ndisplacement has been lasting for 20 years). SC needs to divert its focus from life-saving\ninterventions and factor in more sustainable and durable solutions for its target groups.\nTransitional shelter solutions that are relevant to the displacement situation, and which take into\naccount prevailing tenure considerations will be provided for households that have been\nprotractedly displaced in settlements that have traditionally been located in and around the urban\ncentres of Somalia. The concept of transitional shelter [1] covers all interventions from upgraded\nshelter kits to hybrid solutions. The typology will depend on factors including land tenure, funding\nlevels, specific needs, agency experience, support from local authorities and location of the\ninternally displaced persons settlements, and beneficiaries\u2019 preferences.\n\nSustainable shelter solutions are a strategic focus of the SC. They look at short-term interventions\nto tamper the effects of issues such as land tenure insecurity, IDP legal rights status, and low\nhumanitarian funding levels. These however are issues that can only be resolved in the long term,\nand they do vary substantively in rural or urban settings. Instrumental to tackling long term issues,\nis building community resilience of IDPs and returnees. Sustainable shelter approaches need to be\naddressed as a holistic package and need a strong integrated approach with all other sectors (e.g.,\nwater, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH, education, health). The Shelter Cluster has identified 7 key\nconcepts that show that \u201c _A shelter is more than a roof\u201d:_ (1) HLP (2) Site and settlement planning (3)\nOwner Driven Approaches and community participation (4) Protection Mainstreaming (5)\nLocalized Solutions (6) Building Back Safer and (7) Modalities.\n\nThe Shelter cluster has started several pilots focusing on 4 main approaches: (1) HLP (2) Owner\nDriven Approaches (3) Local Building Culture and (4) Building Back Safer.\n\n##### **Improved understanding and advocacy of Land Tenure (HLP)**\n\n\nHousing, Land and Property rights protection is an overarching thematic priority of the Protection\nCluster and has taken a strong leadership in 2015 to get relevant actors working together in better\nunderstanding land tenure security and its fundamental nature for the security of persons, for\ndignified living standards and for self-reliance.\n\nThe lack of access to housing, land and property rights, including insecurity of tenure, is major\nobstacle to more sustainable solutions to displacement. As a result, forced evictions are likely to\nfurther rise as the security situation stabilizes, urbanization continues, land values rise, and foreign\nand domestic investment increases. There remains an urgent need for improved transitional and\npermanent shelters that offer more protection, privacy and dignity over longer periods of time; this\nin turn requires improved security of tenure that Shelter and Protection clusters are striving to\nenhance, alongside with improved protection and prospects for durable solutions.\n\n\n\n1 See definition paper on Sustainable Shelter Solutions: www.sheltercluster.org\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Most land in Somalia is privately owned. Dominant clans control land and are often hesitant or\nunwilling to sell land to outsiders or members of other clans. Lack of access to land and insecurity\nof tenure are major obstacles to durable solutions and represent a root problem that must be\naddressed in order to affect change. In urban areas of Somalia, forced evictions are common and\nlikely to increase as the security situation stabilizes, urbanization continues, and foreign and\ndomestic investment increases. Rural-urban migration and growing urbanisation add their own\ncomplexity to the situation, as these are global phenomena in developing countries that need to be\ntaken into account.\n\nThe SC uses the concept of due diligence as a standard for all sustainable shelter solutions decisions\npertaining to Housing, Land, and Property (HLP). This concept requires shelter actors to: (1)\nachieve as much legal certainty about land rights as is reasonable, given the context and constraints\non resources and time; and (2) reduce, as much as possible, the risk that the construction of shelter\ncauses or contributes to increasing tensions and conflicts around land; and (3) avoid future eviction\nof the beneficiaries.\n\n##### **Local Building Culture, Building Back Safer and Owner Driven approaches**\n\n\nLinked to the move toward owner-driven approaches and community participation is the concept\nof **localized shelter solutions** for transitional and permanent shelter. This concept prioritizes the\nlocal building practices and materials in shelter construction. The assumption is that local\ncommunities know best what materials work for their local environment, what shelter design is\nmost appropriate for the culture and climactic context, and how to maintain shelters built in these\nways. Furthermore, the SC has noticed after many different evaluations that the construction\ntechniques utilized are not sustainable for the vulnerable population groups: only 5% of the\nsupported beneficiaries with cement-block houses have been able to expand their house using\nsimilar building practices. The role of the SC is to use localized solutions as a foundation upon\nwhich to provide technical and financial support for the highest quality and most appropriate\nshelter possible. Community participation and ownership are underlying themes that are\nembedded in all cluster activities, with a strong focus on shifting away from contractor-driven to\nowner-driven approaches.\n\nA key concept to ensuring sustainable shelter solutions are, indeed, sustainable is that of **building**\n**back safer** . Often when vulnerable groups are displaced and decide to settle in a new location,\nresources and knowledge are limited to ensure that the new shelter is resistant to future natural\nhazards. When SC partners employ the concept of building back safer, they are ensuring that\nhouseholds and communities understand how to be prepared, find a safe location to build, consider\nthe house\u2019s shape and position when constructing the shelter, build a strong foundation, tie-down\nthe structure from the bottom-up, include bracing, form strong joints, and construct a strong roof.\nThe SC advocates that building back safer be integrated into all SC partner designs. More\ninformation can also be found on the training pages on the sheltercluster.org.\n\nIn the Somalia context, contractor-driven approaches have been the preferred labour assistance\nmethod due to difficult access, clan-based tensions, political support, and availability of skilled\nlabour and existing capacity. Since the beginning of 2011 in Somalia, there has been a step-by-step\napproach to increase the inclusion of the beneficiaries in all parts of the process, from the project\nset-up until the construction itself and the handover. In **an owner driven approach**, the\nprioritization of needs and the decision-making are in the hands of the affected families, giving\nthem ownership of their project. Owner driven does not imply that the affected family should\nprovide construction labour, but it requires that they manage the reconstruction with technical\nassistance. Owner driven projects are defined by three fundamental requirements: (1)\nparticipatory process of decision-making, (2) adequate technical support, and (3) adequate\nfinancial assistance.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **A Search to Complimentary Approaches**\n\n##### **PROBLEM STATEMENT FOR URBAN SHELTER ACTIVITIES**\n\nOne of the major problems looking at longer term (sustainable solutions) for IDPs is the high cost of\nthe more permanent shelter. Although humanitarian donors in the past have been supportive in the\nconstruction of permanent shelter sites (UNHCR Durable Solutions Funding, Japanese Government,\nNorwegian Government, Danish Government,\u2026), there is more and more hesitance to provide\n\u201chigher-cost shelter solutions\u201d through humanitarian funding. Especially with the start of the New\nDeal and now with the formation of the National Development Plan (NDP), many humanitarian\ndonors are cautious to provide funding for projects that are linked with the NDP. Low-cost housing\nsits within pillar 3, infrastructure projects.\n\nAs the development actors in Somalia are still not fully present nor operational in the respective\nadministrative regions in Somalia. As humanitarian actors are still considered the most operational\nactors within Somalia, there will be a period of building bridges in-between humanitarian and more\ndevelopment oriented programming. This concept note specifically tries to look at complimentary\napproaches to ensure that humanitarian actors have a triggering effect towards more sustainable\nand durable solutions in Somalia.\n\nShelter Cluster has started an approach of Sustainable Shelter Solutions that provides directions\ntowards building these bridges and helps to reduce the budget of humanitarian shelter projects:\n\n - By better understanding the component of **Local Building Culture**, the cost of the construction of\nhouses could be reduced. The promotion of cement-block houses by NGO and UN agencies in Somalia,\nhave shown a non-sustainable approach as only 5% of the beneficiaries were able to expand their\nhouses using the same building technique. The Shelter Cluster has therefore started to look at two\npilots to define locally adapted typologies:\n\n`o` Kismaayo (see page 5): the adobe structure with improved cement based foundation costs\n800 $ compared to a similar sized structure worth 1400$ in cement blocks or Stabilized Soil\nBlocks (SSB or Interlocking SSB).\n\n`o` Garowe (to start): the amount of cement in a stone-block house in Garowe could be reduced\nby 50% by using mud-mortar (+cement joint filling) for the walls instead of cement blocks or\ncement-plastering.\n\n - Although many materials that are used in the construction of a house are locally available, most of\nthe materials have been provided by contractors (with trucks). As transport is one of the most costly\ncomponents in the construction business in Somalia, we need to improve the access of beneficiaries\nto **locally available resources** . For example, in Garowe there are good stone, sand and earth\nquarries close to the permanent relocation site that has been identified by the government. If these\nquarries would be made public, the cost of transport would be reduced dramatically within the\nhousing construction and further reduce the costs of the shelter. The activities would provide a more\nurban livelihoods approach and could be organized through cooperatives.\n\n - It is generally known that **owner driven projects** have a better value for money than contractor\ndriven projects. Examples in Africa and Asia have shown that you can have a 100% increase in value\nfor money. For example, a Somali refugee returnee (from Yemen) in Garowe received a cash grant\nfrom NRC for 3 months (100$/month); after saving the 300$, she added another 50$ and built a\nCorrugated Iron Sheet house, including a fence around the plot made of recycled tin-cans.\nHumanitarians have provided similar structures to IDPs in Puntland for the price of around 650$ per\nunit. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that there will be a stronger component of monitoring\nand capacity building to ensure minimum quality assurances are put in place.\n\n - It will be crucial to see how the different donors can contribute to this vision as it can not only be\npushed by the humanitarian donors. As longer term solutions directly imply a larger commitment\nfrom the different stakeholders, it will be crucial that the government received the necessary\ncapacity to take a strong leadership role in this process. Linking the overall vision of Solutions to the\n**development donors** (WB, IMF, ADB,\u2026) and also including funding from **non-traditional** donors,\nwill alleviate the necessary funding that we are seeking from humanitarian donors.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **COMBINING DIFFERENT INITIATIVES AND FUNDING**\n\nIn January 2016, the objectives of the Somalia Humanitarian Fund (SHF) reserve allocation for 2016\nwere agreed upon. One of the objectives within the SHF allocation regards the protracted IDP\nsituation in Kismaayo and Baidoa: Provide lifesaving and life sustaining integrated response to IDPs\nand host communities. The clusters prioritized are Food Security, Health, Nutrition and WASH with\ncomplementary services by the Education, Shelter and Protection clusters. In total a budget of $5.9\nmillion was allocated for an integrated response.\n\nAs Shelter is always one of the most under-funded clusters, the Shelter Cluster has looked at\ncombining different approaches for shelter to ensure that humanitarian funding can be a catalyst\nfor longer term shelter solutions for the protracted IDP situations.\n\n\n1. After discussion with the resilience consortia, there seems to be an interest in working\n\ntogether on the concept of Sustainable Shelter Solutions as there is a strong component of\nurban livelihoods within the construction sector. The construction sector in Somalia is one\nof the strongest expanding sectors and this sector will contribute to more sustainable\nlivelihoods approaches. Together with the SOMREP and the BRCiS in Kismaayo and Baidoa,\nthere will be a strong interest in helping start-up cooperatives within the different\ncommunity groups (host community, returning refugees and IDPs). Potentials could be in\nstarting up cooperatives for carpentry (building doors/windows for shelters), cooperatives\nfor soil-block making or even vocational training for masons.\n\n\n\na. Consequence: doors/windows and perhaps also blocks will be provided free of\n\n\n\ncharge to the IDPs for the SHF allocation, reducing the cost of the shelter.\n2. There is also a possibility to get funding from non-traditional donors (Qatari and Saudis).\n\n\n\nEspecially with Ramadam coming soon, there will be a possibility in looking at\ncomplimentary funding from non-traditional donors. This money should as much as\npossible be used to strengthen the capacity of the government in order take on board a\nstrong leadership in this process of durable solutions. Advocacy for direct funding to the\ngovernment could be an option.\n\n\n\na. Consequence: non-traditional donors could provide support in the purchase of the\n\n\n\nmaterials that need to be purchased on the local market like cement, iron sheeting\nand timber. All these products need to be imported in Somalia.\n3. Further discussions with the development donors (WB, ADB, UNDP,\u2026 ) should be initiated\n\nto see how their respective projects could contribute to the overall re-construction/shelter\nsector.\n4. Strong advocacy should be done with the government to ensure that the beneficiaries have\n\n\n\naccess to the public services available around their settlement. This can be strengthened\nthrough cooperatives where both host communities and IDP communities are part of. This\ncould be integrated with some strong peace-building activities, protection mainstreaming\nand advocacy projects on HLP.\n\na. Consequence: IDPs and host communities have access to public services free of cost.\n5. As many of the voluntary returns from Yemen and Kenya are often mingling with the\n\nexisting IDP settlements, it will be important to link this initiative to the other target\npopulation groups like returning Somalia refugees and returning Somalia IDPs. These\nprojects could help stimulate basic services for the different population groups in each\nrespective region.\n6. Shelter Cluster is working together with all different stakeholders to reduce the amount of\n\nfunding that needs to be advocated from the humanitarian donors. As the vision is linked to\nan area-based way of thinking, the budget for each different location will be different.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **SCHEMATICS and Shelter Project Cycle through Owner Driven Construction**\n\nThe Shelter Project Cycle of an Owner Driven Construction project is more complex than working\nthrough contractor driven approaches. In general, the projects can be split up into different\ncomponents:\n\n - Capacity building of the beneficiaries regarding shelter: this is a component where the\nbeneficiaries are trained how to deal with their own respective labour force (or small\ncontractors). How can we include the beneficiaries as supervisors within the construction\nproject cyce?\n\n - Locational Vocational training: increasing the construction sector in general through\ntrainings of masons, training of carpenters, foreman\u2026\n\n - Access to public resources through cooperatives: see above\n\n - Provision of materials to the beneficiaries: this can be done through direct contribution,\nvouchers or cash. These materials often need to be imported in Somalia: cement, timber,\nnails and iron sheeting.\n\n - Provision of cash to the beneficiaries: the beneficiaries will need cash to pay for the labor\ncomponent of the construction project and to pay for the locally available free resources\n(like sand, mud, water and rock).\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annex 1: BRCiS Baseline Survey for Baidoa and Kismaayo**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|BRCiS BASELINE SURVEY|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**IDPs**|**IDPs**|**BAIDOA**|**KISMAYO**|\n|Gender HHH|Female|80%|62.5%|\n|Gender HHH|Male|20%|37.5%|\n|Average Age HH|Years|40.3|43.9|\n|Marital Status of HHH|Married|80%|62.5%|\n|Marital Status of HHH|Single|20%|0%|\n|Marital Status of HHH|Divorced/Separated|0%|37.5%|\n|Average HH Size|No. HH Members|9.6|7.7|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Insecurity|10%|37.5%|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Food Shortage|80%|87.5%|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Water Shortage|40%|25%|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Poor Housing|60%|25%|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Poor Sanitation Facilities|0%|12.5%|\n|Main HH Challenges|% of HHs mentioning Unemployment|60%|50%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Agriculture|20%|0%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Livestock|0%|12.5%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Casual labor|50%|25%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Transport|0%|12.5%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Firewood|20%|37.5%|\n|Main Source HH Income|Petty trade|10%|12.5%|\n|Type of HH Shelter|Buul|30%|50%|\n|Type of HH Shelter|CGI walls and_roof|0%|50%|\n|Type of HH Shelter|Mud brick|40%|0%|\n|Type of HH Shelter|Traditional house|20%|0%|\n|Type of HH Shelter|Stone|10%|0%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Owned family land one HH|30%|0%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Owned family land more HHs|0%|12.5%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Rented family land one HH|50%|12.5%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Rented family land more HHs|10%|12.5%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Other|10%|0%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Don\u2019t know|0%|12.5%|\n|Ownership of land where the HH
residence is located|Government land|0%|50%|\n|Drinking Water Shortage|% of HHs mentioning Shortage of Drinking Water in past
12 months|50%|12.5%|\n|Drinking Water Cost|% of HHs that pay for drinking water|50%|75%|\n|Waste disposal|Burn|80%|12.5%|\n|Waste disposal|Open place|20%|25%|\n|Waste disposal|Pit|0%|62.5%|\n|Healthcare in the community|% of HHs saying there are healthcare facilities in the|70%|0%|\n|Educational services in the community|% of HHs saying there are schools in the community|70%|12.5%|\n|HH Asset Score|Hh Asset Score|14.8|11.2|\n|Food Consumption Score|Average Household FCS|28.0|32.4|\n|Dietary Diversity Score|Average Household DDS|5.4|6.5|\n|Reduced Coping Strategy Index|Average Household CSI (reduced)|20.8|14.7|\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BRCiS Baseline Survey", - "confidence": 0.998464822769165, - "start": 8, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6872894167900085, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Average HH Size", - "confidence": 0.7637794017791748, - "start": 162, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HH Asset Score", - "confidence": 0.9316733479499817, - "start": 782, - "end": 785 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.9586135745048523, - "start": 649, - "end": 650 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Food Consumption Score", - "confidence": 0.5790141224861145, - "start": 799, - "end": 802 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dietary Diversity Score", - "confidence": 0.5146102905273438, - "start": 816, - "end": 819 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annex 2: Background to Baidoa and Kismaayo pilots**\n\n##### **KISMAAYO**\n\n_**General**_\nThe largest city of Jubaland is Kismaayo, which is situated on the coast near the mouth of the Juba\nRiver. The Lower and Middle Juba regions comprise the districts of Kismaayo, Jilib, Jamaame, Hagar,\nAfmadow, Badaadhe, Bua'ale and Sakow. They have a combined area of 1085sq Kms with a\ncoastline of 530 Kms. The regions are bordered on the south by Kenya, on the north by the Gedo\nregion, Bay and Lower Shabelle regions, with an estimated population of 852,228 people\n(Population Estimation Survey of Somalia (PESS) 2013-2014).\n\n\n_**IDP Population**_\nThe IDP population in Jubaland is estimated to be 135,000 IDPs (UNHCR total IDPs per region\nreport, September 2014). Kismaayo is believed to have the largest IDP population in the region\nmostly located in Farjano and Fanole areas. Recent IDPs profiling conducted by NRC indicated that\nthere are 6,059 IDPs households in Kismaayo towns in 80 settlements. Kismaayo, the second largest\ncity in South - central Somalia has been devastated by civil conflict, floods, famine and the\nprolonged presence of Al Shabaab, until October 2012. IDPs in Kismaayo are mostly from Lower\nShabelle, Middle and Lower Juba, Banadir, Gedo and Bay. The majority of the IDPS are of Bantu\norigin.\n\nIn 2013, most IDPs in Kismaayo lived in former government buildings, or in ad-hoc temporary\nsettlements which occupy the former government land. Some IDPs have spent over 21 years in\nthese camps. In November 2013, the then Interim Juba Administration (IJA) [2] issued an eviction\norder to occupants of public property in Kismaayo and approximately 23 IDP settlements (2,578\nHouseholds) were affected. The evictions were deemed necessary by the administration due to lack\nof space for public facilities and the evictees were not allocated any substitute land or shelter, but\nwere to receive cash compensation from the IJA. Recurrent clan conflicts, rampant evictions,\nminimal humanitarian assistance, the embargo of charcoal business by the United Nations and also\nlocal ban by Al Shabaab, minimal income sources and high unemployment rate have interrupted the\nlivelihood sources, weakened resilience and coping mechanisms of IDPs, in particular. Kismaayo\nexperienced heavy rains in June 2014 which affected most IDPs in Kismaayo, the IJA provided land\nfor IDPs at Dalxiiska area for temporary for those hardest affected by the flooding . More than 2,000\nfamilies were relocated with the help of humanitarian organizations in the region.\n\n\n_**Voluntary Refugee Returns (VOLREP)**_\nKismaayo is also a focus area of the VOLREP programme that is led and coordinated by UNHCR.\nSince the beginning of 2016, 1,085 persons returned back to Kismaayo, with an average of around\n50 persons coming back per week. There is a strong need to link these returnees into broader\nresilience programs to ensure a sustainable. UNHCR is looking at a joint project with NRC, linking\nthe returns to the BRCiS approach.\n\n\n_**Resilience Programs (BRCiS) and the PSGs**_\nBRCiS is a humanitarian Consortium that takes a holistic approach to supporting Somali\ncommunities in developing their capacity to resist and absorb minor shocks without undermining\ntheir ability to move out of poverty. Consortium members are working with 99 communities since\nNovember 2013 and will soon start operations in 68 new communities across the Southern and\nCentral regions of Somalia. In Kismaayo, they are working with 3 IDP communities. There is a\nstrong component of urban livelihoods development.\nAs emerging from the PSG discussions, urban livelihoods are extremely strategic in that they\ncontribute to stabilization of localities, and they allow vulnerable groups not only to cater for\n\n2 Now called the Juba Administration (JI)\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Population Estimation Survey of Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9778066277503967, - "start": 132, - "end": 137 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7718871831893921, - "start": 134, - "end": 135 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7866591811180115, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2013-2014", - "confidence": 0.9962307810783386, - "start": 140, - "end": 141 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR total IDPs per region\nreport", - "confidence": 0.5092998147010803, - "start": 165, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6022870540618896, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9743932485580444, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jubaland", - "confidence": 0.532196044921875, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9430133104324341, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6186665892601013, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "themselves and their families but also to become service providers in areas that are not yet reached\nby local governments. With a fairly quick and inexpensive training, IDP families can be capacitated\nto form small companies carrying out water treatment services. At low costs, and in contexts where\nprovision of public goods is weak, vulnerable communities are enabled to enhance their\nproductivity and their access to services. This illustrates how resilient communities can be in\ncharge of their own durable solution.\n\n\n_**Achievements in Land tenure and Pilot Local Building Culture**_\nSince 2014, the Juba administration has worked closely together with the Shelter cluster and\npartner organizations in securing longer term land tenure solutions. In a first pilot project, ARC had\nreceived permanent land in an area called Dhagax Jabinta. Although communitieis were involved in\nthe location of the site and the typology of the shelter, many IDPs eventually felt un-safe to move\nthere due to multiple reasons: lack of basic services (latrines, school, health\u2026), proximity of the\npresidential palace, salty water-points and distance to the town for livelihoods opportunities. After\nmany consultations, the shelters were transferred to areas where the IDPs felt safe due to their clan\naffiliation, in existing settlements closer to town. They were also able to negotiate 5 year land\ntenure solutions with the host community.\n\nThe Shelter Cluster initiated a pilot in Kismaayo to look at the local building culture in Kismaayo.\nSoil testing was done in one of the IDP settlements that are located at the outskirts of the city and\nafter \u2018destructive\u2019 testing it was agreed that the soil contains enough clay in order to be used for the\nproduction of sun-dried mud-blocks for the wall-construction. Two different prototypes were\nconstructed to ensure that the beneficiaries would be able to take an informed choice:\n\n - Adobe block house with improved (cement-based) foundation and CGI roof (approved)\n\n - Hybrid shelter with improved foundation and block-board walls\n\nAdobe Shelter\n\nHybrid shelter\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **BAIDOA**\n\n_**General**_\nBay and Bakool are neighboring administrative regions in South Central Somalia. Baidoa district is\neconomically the most important district of Bay region. Baidoa or Baydhaba, as it is locally known is\nthe capital of the Bay region; a strategic town in south-central Somalia situated approximately 250\nkilometers west of Mogadishu and 240 km southeast of the Ethiopian border. The town is divided\ninto four quarters, namely Isha, Berdaale, Horseed and, Hawl Wadaag. Each quarter is further\ndivided into six sections. The city is traditionally one of the most important economic centres in\nsouthern Somalia, conducting significant trade in local and imported cereals, livestock and non-food\nitems. The combined effects of drought and on-going crisis in Baidoa have had a harmful impact on\neconomic stability and livelihoods, leading to a chronic humanitarian situation and major\ndisplacements of population in this region. In 2006, Baidoa became Somalia\u2019s provisional capital\nbefore Al-Shabaab took control of the city for three years. This was between 2009 to February 2012\nwhen the group was driven out from Baidoa by TFG forces heavily backed by the Ethiopian army.\n\nBaidoa is characterized by evictions, floods and conflicts. Prolonged conflicts and droughts have\nseverely affected the lives of many residents in these regions in the past five years. Massive\ndisplacements have therefore taken place in most of the villages and districts. Currently, the\nmilitary operations led by the Somali Government troops in alliance with AMISOM troops against\nAl-shabaab is still going on in these regions.\n\n\n_**IDP Population**_\nThe Shelter Cluster mapping infrastructure exercise that was conducted in December 2014\nreported that there were 62 IDP settlements in Baidoa. Since then, 5 more settlements have been\nestablished. The presence of returned IDP\u2019s, previously displaced in Mogadishu and originally from\nrural villages of Baidoa as well as refugees spontaneously returned from Dollo Ado, is reported in\nthe IDP settlements. Berdale/Tosweyne, Diinsor, Qansaxdhere, Awdinle, Danbal, Seydhelow among\nother areas has generated IDPs to Baidoa. Currently many of the displaced people are not\nconsidering the option of returning to their villages due to in-security and lack of services.\n\n\n_**Voluntary Refugee Returns (VOLREP)**_\nBaidoa is also a focus area of the VOLREP programme that is led and coordinated by UNHCR. Since\nthe beginning of 2016, 433 persons returned back to Baidoa, with an average of around 25 persons\ncoming back per week. There is a strong need to link these returnees into broader resilience\nprograms to ensure a sustainable. UNHCR is looking at a joint project with NRC, linking the returns\nto the BRCiS approach. More than 3,000 IDP returnee families have been supported with NFIs and\nemergency shelter support in these regions since 2012. During the pilot phase of support to\nrefugees returning from Kenya, NFIs and emergency shelters were provided to returnee families.\n\n\n_**Resilience Programs (BRCiS and SOMREP)**_\nBRCiS is a humanitarian Consortium (5 INGOs) that takes a holistic approach to supporting Somali\ncommunities in developing their capacity to resist and absorb minor shocks without undermining\ntheir ability to move out of poverty. Consortium members are working with 99 communities since\nNovember 2013 and will soon start operations in 68 new communities across the Southern and\nCentral regions of Somalia. In Baidoa, they are working with 6 communities and will be expanding\nwith another 5. There is a strong component of urban livelihoods development. The SOMREP\nPlease expand on the BRCiS if possible\u2026\n\nThe Somalia Resilience Program SomReP (7 INGOs) is an ambitious approach to tackle the\nchallenge of recurrent droughts - and the chronic vulnerability that results - among pastoralists,\nagro-pastoralists, and peri-urban households across Somaliathe multi-year program plans to\nenhance the resilience of 70,000 households by building their communities' absorptive, adaptive,\nand transformative capacity.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cluster mapping infrastructure exercise", - "confidence": 0.9168925881385803, - "start": 300, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Baidoa", - "confidence": 0.5203429460525513, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6335003972053528, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced people", - "confidence": 0.6086946129798889, - "start": 392, - "end": 394 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Achievements in Land tenure and Pilot Local Building Culture**_\nSince 2014, the Bay administration has worked closely together with the Shelter cluster and\npartner organizations in securing longer term land tenure solutions. Nevertheless, the land tenure\nfor many of the projects are still only longer term land tenure leases. It is crucial to continue looking\nat land tenure in Baidoa to ensure more sustainable and longer term programming.\nShelter Cluster partners have moved away from contractor driven approaches towards owner\ndriven construction. They have promoted the use of cash for shelter, combined with capacity\nbuilding in the construction sector.\nShelter Cluster is also looking at doing a third pilot in Baidoa looking at Local Building Culture. So\nfar, the main typology that has been constructed in Baidoa is the Corrugated Iron Sheet housing. It\nhas been difficult to promote longer term solutions in Baidoa due to the complicated (short term)\nland lease agreements.\n\n[https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1cFaRiogrENIx7VN0ptYyF8zkdG0](https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1cFaRiogrENIx7VN0ptYyF8zkdG0)\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ed4d17bd-4bb4-3135-ae8d-721557e9b2ec/a_search_for_complementary_approaches.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_762/raw/doc_762_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_762/raw/doc_762_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c72b708315e04c73eccf6fdc6eaf4759027d46f8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_762/raw/doc_762_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Background paper**\n\n## **- The protracted conflict in Afghanistan: a protection crisis above** **all -**\n\n**\u201cIncreasing Protection outcomes for population affected by the conflict in**\n\n**Afghanistan\u201d**\n\n# **Executive summary**\n\n\nAfghanistan has experienced decades of wars that generated millions of internally displaced\npeople and refugees across the world, deteriorating socio-economic situation, limited\ngovernance capacities and widespread destruction of infrastructure, resulting in loss of\nlivelihood opportunities, endemic corruption and inward migration to urban areas due to\nmultiple form of violence and human right violations in rural areas. The international\ncommunity has been supporting the affected afghan population throughout those recurrent\nshocks and stresses by mobilizing humanitarian response capacities.\n\nThe security environment has continued to deteriorate over the past few years to a point that\nhumanitarian actors no longer have access to a large part of the country. The protracted\nconflict has generated vicious circles that ended up in wide spread structural deficit in almost\nall sectors, in generalized poverty, in a fragmented society, in heightened violence and risks\nfor civilian, and in acute socio economic vulnerabilities.\n\nFurthermore, the protection space for Afghan refugees is shrinking as Countries of Asylum\nare increasing the pressure on Afghan refugees, asylum seekers and migrants to return to\nAfghanistan, particularly arguing that the main cities in Afghanistan are safe. The massive\nreturn of documented refugees and undocumented Afghans are putting even more pressure\non the available services and resources. Secondary displacement towards urban centers upon\nreturn to Afghanistan is a major trend as the security environment is still precarious in armed\ngroups controlled areas. The lack of opportunity to develop an adequate standard of living\nrepresents a high risk to social cohesion and places massive pressure on the Government of\nthe Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA).\n\nWith the support of the international community, progress has been made by the GoIRA to\nenact a national policy framework related to forced displacement. However, progress on\ngovernance at national level are not necessarily reflected at provincial level and GoIRA is still\nexperiencing important difficulties to turn the policy framework into practical and concrete\nactions. As a result, both humanitarian and development challenges remains tremendous.\n\nThe paper aims to describe the current situation and identify obstacles and opportunities within\nthe current humanitarian architecture and operational modalities, as well as propose how to\nincrease protection outcomes and dividends for affected populations groups. For this purpose,\nthe paper is analyzing potentialities by applying a protection lens at all levels of the\nhumanitarian coordination system and develop a collective understanding towards enhanced\nprotection outcomes, including through improved humanitarian access, protection\nmainstreaming and accountability, and complementarity with longer-term development\nactions.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **I. Background and prevailing situation**\n\nv **Historical and socio economic background \u2013 The conflict at a glance** **[1]**\n\n\nAfghanistan has long been used as a battleground for strategic wars by larger external powers.\nThis is in part due to its geographic position between the Middle East, Central Asia and South\nAsia. In addition, the fragmented and polarised nature of Afghan society, which is made up of\nmany different ethnic groups, has led to its multiple internal struggles and which have gained\nsupport from the different external powers. In 1978 the Saur Revolution overthrew the existing\ngovernment and implemented a Socialist agenda. It officially ended in 1989 with the\nwithdrawal of the Soviet forces. The devastation caused by the conflict left an estimated 2\nmillion people dead and 1.5 million people disabled, in part due to the massive urban carpetbombing campaigns and the large areas of land mines that still exist today. Two million people\nwere internally displaced, and one third of the country's pre-war population fled into\nneighbouring Pakistan, Iran and further afield.\n\nBy 1992, the Communist government had collapsed and the Peshawar Accord declared\nAfghanistan to be the Islamic State of Afghanistan. However, many groups refused to\nacknowledge the new government and the country soon fell into a civil war that lasted\nthroughout the 1990s. Working government departments, the police, justice systems and\neducation systems did not have time to reform after the Soviet War and much of the country\ndescended into lawlessness. This led to areas being controlled by different armed factions,\nwho in turn were supported by governments and groups in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan and\nthe US.\n\n\nIn the early 1990s in Kandahar, a militia group called the Taliban began to emerge as a political\nand religious force, which supposedly opposed the tyrannical rule of the local governor, and\nbegan to instil greater order in the area. Led by Mohammed Omar, it had the support of many\nAfghan refugees from Pakistan. The group gained increasing recognition, power, and support\nas it began to take control of much of southern and central Afghanistan. The Implementation\nof an Islamic state by the Taliban, September 11th and the US War on Terrors marked the\nevolution of the conflict.\n\nSince then Afghanistan is struggling to rebuild itself amidst the ongoing war, despite the\nbillions of dollars of aid money that have been put into the country. The opium trade has\nincreased massively since 2001 and the occupying forces are unable to prevent it. Corruption\nremains rife in all sectors of society and some geographic areas remain outside of government\ncontrol. During 2016, the conflict in Afghanistan continued with similar intensity and\ngeographical spread, characterized by a fragmented and emboldened insurgency. Parties in\nconflict are doing little to minimize clashes and subsequent civilian casualties, whose numbers\ncontinue to hit record highs, in open violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). There\nis no immediate end in sight to the Afghanistan conflict, and its complex issues and lack of\nstable governance mean that new conflicts will continue to rise.\n\n\n1 Peace Direct, Insight on conflict, Afghanistan conflict profile, February 2015, https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/afghanistan/conflict-profile/\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "v **A protection crisis and situation of forced displacement**\n\n\nIn this context, civilians bear the brunt of the conflict, as they are caught in crossfire, victimized\nby indiscriminate attacks or deliberately targeted. Alongside more traditional guerrilla warfare\ntactics, a visible intent by Taliban to shift tactics towards large-scale attacks, particularly on\nurban areas, poses grave risks for civilian protection and result in substantial levels of forced\npopulation movements.\n\nFamilies often leave villages abruptly with little prior warning, in response to rapidly\nencroaching clashes or military operations. IDPs often flee only with what they can carry,\nsurrendering key assets in exchange for relocation to safer areas. Displaced populations in\nAfghanistan often benefit from the support of host communities, largely relying on tribal\naffiliation or the support of established kinship networks. Spontaneous camps and settlements\nare therefore the exception rather than the rule. However, widespread poverty among host\ncommunities and the rapid depletion of existing resources generally necessitates a\nhumanitarian response to address acute needs (food, basic relief and hygiene items) to\naddress relatively high levels of vulnerability in the initial phases of displacement, particularly\namong those with weak support from family and community networks.\n\nConflict-induced displacement disproportionately affects individuals with specific needs, such\nas children, constituting around 60% of the displaced population, including women, elderly\npeople, and persons with disabilities. These populations are often exposed to the greatest\ndeprivations and harshest conditions. Access to health for conflict-affected and displaced\npopulation is gravely compromised by the extremely poor conditions of public health structures\nand limited trained healthcare personnel. Moreover, the numerous episodes if grave breaches\nof IHL with respect to medical facilities, medical personnel, and medical transport by NSAG,\nled to numerous closure of facilities and loss of access to life-saving medical care by local and\ndisplaced population. The chronic lack of female personnel hinders access for women to\ncritical services and treatment.\n\nDuring displacement, violations of child rights occur in multiple forms. The increased conflict\nhas exacted an increasing toll on children in terms of the number of civilian casualties.\nAccording to UNAMA Human Rights in its 2015 report on the _Protection of Civilians_, one in\nfour casualties was a child. The toll of children casualties has increased by 14% in the past\nyear. The rapid humanitarian assessments of newly conflict-induced displaced populations\noften detect children amongst those injured by the armed clashes. Aside from material\nhardships, the psychological impact of the conflict and subsequent flight is deemed to be\nsevere. Recruitment and use of children by armed forces and armed groups remains a\nsignificant risk in light of the fragmentation of NSAG and varying degrees of interest in\ncompliance with IHL. Poverty, coercion and lack of livelihood opportunities, including during\nthe more prolonged phases of displacement, is also a factor that contributes to the recruitment\nof children, particularly adolescents. Access to education in displacement is generally\nhindered by several factors. Poverty and destitution, with loss of assets and means of\nlivelihood, often obliges displaced families to engage children in support of family resilience\nand interim livelihood strategies. Lack of civil documentation, cultural and social norms, threats\nand intimidation, social status and poverty are significant obstacles.\n\nWomen and girls in Afghanistan continue to suffer both directly and indirectly from the impact\nof the conflict and of the displacement. The respect and fulfilment of their rights during\ndisplacement remain challenged. UNAMA documented 1,246 women casualties in 2015, a 37\n% increase from 2014. So far there is little evidence that sexual violence is used as a targeted\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "strategy in the conflict. Obstacles related to social and cultural norms and lack of identification\nand response capacity does not allow to measure patterns and indications of episodes of GBV\nperpetrated by parties to the conflict. However, it is likely presumed that gender based violence\noccurs widely like in any other armed conflict and displacement setting. In addition, the\nemergence of new non-State armed groups affiliated with ISIS, particularly in the Eastern part\nof the country, has contributed to a further deterioration of the situation for women and girls.\nWhile most of the facts remain unverified due to the lack of humanitarian access, frequent\nreports are received from displaced population on impositions of stringent social and moral\ncodes for women and girls, more limited freedom of movement and a recrudescence of\ntraditional harmful practices (forced marriages). In this context, existing capacities of referral\nand response remain very limited.\n\nReturns and displacement are concentrated in time and space, thus posing a\ndisproportionately large challenge to the absorption capacity of some districts and provinces\nWhile the local impact of a massive influx of refugees, and the capacity to reintegrate, depends\non a range of factors, one thing is clear: local absorption capacity certainly has a limit. Once\nthe limit is reached, competition over resources could trigger or reinforce pre-existing causes\nof conflict, especially since institutions are weak. The increase in secondary displacement\namong returnees is a strong sign that the country\u2019s capacity to absorb and reintegrate\nadditional inflows of returnees was already overstretched before the surge of recent months\u2019\nreturns. There is no reason to believe trends will be reversed: a higher number of returns from\nabroad will likely result in an increase of internal displacement. In particular, the continued\ndeterioration of the security situation and the economic crisis in Afghanistan are likely to further\nchallenge the reintegration of more recent returns. Whilst displacement is not the principal\ndriver of vulnerability in this context, many of the factors related to displacement, including\nhigh levels of poverty, reduced access to informal safety nets, lack of documentation and loss\nof land and assets, have increased the vulnerabilities of some displaced households. REACH\nhas estimated that some 759,293 IDPs and returnees have settled in the informal settlements\nacross the country.\n\n\nv **People of concern of protection in Afghanistan and main protection risks**\n\n\n_**Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs):**_ Over 652,600 Afghans (approximately 96,000 families)\nwere newly displaced due to conflict in 2016, adding to a protracted IDP population of over 1\nmillion. Most IDPs found refuge with host families in neighbouring communities, already facing\nextreme poverty. Food, adequate shelter, WASH, and health care remained high priority\nneeds, while efforts to raise awareness of mines and ordnance risks are also ongoing. A\nmajority of IDPs live an insecure existence in makeshift shelters and informal squatter\nsettlements with irregular access to services, poor sanitation including a lack of latrines, and\nfragile livelihood strategies; others reside in shared and overcrowded rental accommodation,\nor with relatives.\n\n_**Returnees:**_ In 2016, more than 600,000 documented and undocumented Afghans returned\nfrom Pakistan and Iran including 372,577 registered refugees who returned under UNHCR\u2019s\nfacilitated return program and provided with UNHCR cash grant as part of their repatriation\nassistance package. The majority of returnees [2] settled in Kabul, Nangarhar, Kandahar, Herat,\nBalkh, Ghazni, Baghlan and Kunduz provinces, including areas subject to attacks by armed\ngroups. Returnees report a lack of land and adequate shelter, insufficient livelihoods,\n\n\n2 Unless otherwise specified, \u201creturnees\u201d describes both documented and undocumented returnees.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "insecurity, and poor access to services as obstacles to sustainable return and reintegration.\nThese and other factors have forced many returnees to undertake secondary movement to\nlocations, particularly in urban centers, other than their place of origin.\n\n_**Refugees and Asylum Seekers:**_ As of December 2016, 208 individuals were individually\nrecognized as refugees while 135 had sought asylum. Financial support to these refugees and\nasylum-seekers, according to their vulnerability while meeting basic needs for food and\nshelter, must continue because of their lack of income, livelihood opportunities, and effective\nlegal protection. Meanwhile, is estimated that over 100,000 Pakistani refugees who have fled\nNorth Waziristan, mostly in 2014, are still hosted in Afghanistan. The lack of formal birth\nregistration for refugee children born in Afghanistan may heighten the risk of statelessness.\n\n_**Host/Affected Communities:**_ The year 2016 saw the highest level of security incidents\n(23,712) in over a decade, including some 3,498 civilian deaths and 7,920 injured civilians. A\nsimilar trend was reported in January 2017, amid increasing territorial gains by AGEs. It is\nprojected that conflict will continue to frequently result in substantial levels of forced population\nmovements.\n\n\nv **Contextualization and limited prospect for return and durable solutions**\n\n\nThe conflict in Afghanistan has impacted differently across regions. It requires to contextualize\nthe response according to protection risks and main vulnerable categories of people identified,\ntaking into consideration obstacles, challenges, capacities and resources.\n\nChallenges to durable solutions for internally displaced and returnees are principally linked to\nthe lack of livelihoods, land tenure obstacles and access to shelter/affordable housing, which\nlimits returnees and IDPs\u2019 potential to establish families and make future investments. In such\na context, efforts are required for targeted interventions that benefit communities hosting high\nnumber of returnees and IDPs particularly in urban settings through long-overdue policy\nreforms that would facilitate access to land, secure land tenure, access to documentation as\nwell as through livelihoods interventions an participation in public affairs through community\nmanagement structures to promote their self-reliance.\n\n\nv **Insecure, volatile, restricted humanitarian environment**\n\n\nThe constant escalation of AGE operation has impacted on the access to the humanitarian\nspace either directly with denial of access subsequent to active warfare, broad insecurity\nresulting of loss of permanent control of areas by ANSF, establishment of parallel structure by\nAGEs controlling access and therefore delivery, direct attacks against humanitarian actors. As\na consequence of the growing insecurity, the evolution of AGE\u2019s Modus Operandi mitigation\nmeasures rendered necessary has drastically increased the cost of security in doing business.\n\n\nv **Challenges with current humanitarian architecture**\n\n\nThe humanitarian coordination structure at the Kabul level has become overly complicated\n(see the chart below). Each Cluster is working separately \u2018in a silo\u2019, the inter-cluster\ncoordination group being too process oriented instead of being a strategic and operational\nsupport to partners. Additionally, dozens of the working groups function with significant levels\nof overlap and no clear ToR and practical outcomes. Finally, the HCT does not have an action\noriented agenda, particularly for targeted advocacy to the government. High staff turnover\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "among the UN and NGO, especially Cluster coordinators, Kabul centric and process oriented\naction among the national level coordination structures and disconnection from the field\ncharacterize the current system. Further, the current system presents numerous challenges\nin terms of practical coordination of the assistance distribution.\n\n# **II. Potential opportunities to increase protection** **outcomes**\n\n\nv **National Government policies and plans: what is new?**\n\n\nThe Government of Afghanistan has laid out its vision in the Mutual Accountability Framework\n(2014) and the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF 20172021) to transform Afghanistan in the coming years. The aim of these frameworks, in part, is\nto ensure the rights of all citizens including returnees and IDPs to economic and physical\nsecurity. The ANPDF further emphasizes that finding solutions to the needs of IDPs and\nreturnees is a \u201cvital part of the national development strategy\u201d, thereby recognising that the\nresponse requires a \u2018whole of Government approach\u2019 through its National Priority\nProgrammes (NPPs). Land tenure security, property rights, and upgrading informal\nsettlements are prioritized throughout the framework as measures to reduce poverty.\n\nUnder the leadership of the President and Chief Executive offices, a Displacement and\nReturns Executive Committee (DiREC) has been established which is now the primary\nmechanism through which durable solutions for returnees and IDPs are coordinated and\nimplemented. The DiREC structure encompasses Technical, Policy, and Finance Working\nGroups. In December 2016, the Government of Afghanistan adopted a Policy Framework for\nReturn and Displacement and developed an Action Plan that is meant to address the specific\nneeds of returnees and internally displaced populations, both new and protracted, in the\nimmediate, medium to long-term through eight identified goals. The prime objective of the\nPolicy Framework is to ensure safe and successful re-integration/integration of returnees and\nIDPs into the social and economic fabric of Afghanistan. This Policy Framework takes into\naccount the National Policy on Internally Displaced Persons, endorsed in 2013, which provides\na basis for achieving durable solutions for IDP populations in Afghanistan, and the\nComprehensive Voluntary Repatriation and Reintegration Strategy, approved by the\nGovernment in 2015.\n\nWhile these developments represent a major opportunity to advance on key policy decisions\n\n- such as the right to settle in the area of choice, the right to obtain civil documentation in the\narea of settlement etc. \u2013 and to prioritise and target development response to vulnerable\npopulations, a legal gap analysis is required. This would ensure that the Policy Framework is\ncompatible with the Government\u2019s obligations and commitments under applicable international\nagreements and conventions with regard to Afghan returnees and IDPs. Another challenge is\nthe implementation of the Policy Framework and Action Plan at provincial leve,l taking into\nconsideration an inclusive approach to respond to the needs of IDPs, returnees and host\ncommunities. This will allow bridging the divide between humanitarian and development\ninterventions, implementation modalities and funding streams. The commitment of donors\ntowards a needs based approach based on a planning process that consolidates the\nimmediate-, medium- and long-term needs and prioritised interventions is encouraging. It may\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "finally facilitate the move from a fragmented towards an integrated response with concrete\nroles and responsibilities allocated to key actors (Government, donors, UN agencies, NGOs).\n\n\nv **Reinforcing accountability of key stakeholders towards affected population**\n\n**(AAP)**\n\n\nReinforcing Accountability towards Affected Population (AAP) in Afghanistan has a potential\nto increase protection outcomes. A number of researches and policy papers at the global level\nhave highlighted the importance of developing a contextualized and comprehensive AAP\nframework. One practical ways suggested at the WHS that could be applied in Afghanistan is\nthe concept of Collective Accountability [3] . It requires a shift in thinking to establish a collective\naccountability mindset and work on the following areas:\n\n\n\u00a7 The inter-cluster forum should develop, adopt and monitor country-specific minimum\ncollective accountability and quality standards.\n\u00a7 The HCT should establish a third-party accountability platform, headed by an\naccountability advisor, and commit to following its guidance.\n\u00a7 All clusters, in cooperation with IMOs, should adopt indicators that monitor how\naffected communities perceive the relevance, timeliness and effectiveness of their\nactions, and use them to adapt their action.\n\u00a7 Donors, organisations and all collective forums need to reconsider their approach to\ncoordination and cooperation \u2013 they must put aside their preconceptions and technical\nbiases, and make the voice of the population their guiding principle.\n\n\nA comprehensive collective AAP framework should be designed mainly to set up proper\nfeedback and complaint mechanism starting with a proper analysis of the petition system [4] .\nSome advocacy initiatives should be supported at the HCT level to address corruption issues\nwith relevant authorities.\n\nAdhering to principled actions and developing a _Communication with Community_ strategy is\nof paramount importance related to many obstacles, especially related to effective access to\nhumanitarian assistance in safety and dignity, avoiding doing harm but also to increase\nacceptance and humanitarian access. A high degree of participation of the affected population\nshould be also ensured to reinforce joint monitoring mechanism together with the community\nas to upholding government accountability. The CDCs under the citizen charter could be a\ngood entry point to do so. Finally, in such a traditional context, the humanitarian community\nshould further analyse cultural related impediments to access humanitarian assistance\nthrough regular consultations with the community and adjust assistance modalities\naccordingly.\n\nReinforcing the **gender based approach** may also very much increase protection outcomes.\nA better analysis of the gender perspective of the conflict and how it impacts differently\nwomen, men, boys and girls can better inform programming, thus generating protection\n\n\n3 CHS Alliance, On the Road to Istanbul report, Article \u201c _Collective accountability: are we really in this together?\u201d_, page 84,\nhttp://www.chsalliance.org/files/files/CHS-Alliance-HAR-2015.pdf\n4\nThe delay between the day of displacement and the day of assistance if available may take about 3 months. In addition, it was reported\n\na high percentage (68%) of rejected claims for assistance following the assessment because of suspected corruption system. It is thus\ncritical that affected population can access information about eligibility criteria and be engaged in the design of the assistance delivery\nprocess.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "outcomes through tailored response to specific risks and needs. For instance, young boys can\nbe particularly exposed to forced recruitment or attraction to the market of violence, as women\ncan be particularly exposed to negative coping mechanisms, domestic violence due to the\nstress generated by acute poverty and related weakened capacities of men to fulfil their role\nand responsibilities. Forced displacement is even more aggravating this social aspects as it\nchanges completely the division of role and responsibilities within the household. Analysing\nthe change in the division of role and responsibility within displaced household as well as\nsocial norms is determinant to adequately plan activities. It also play an important role in\nmitigating protection risks faced by men, women, boys and girls. A greater engagement with\ndevelopment actors is needed to complement humanitarian action when it comes to long term\nbehaviour change strategy to tackle social norms impediments.\n\n\nv **Improving operational and coordination mechanism**\n\n\nConducting an **Operational Peer Review (OPR)** to identify operational bottlenecks will guide\nthe HCT and ICCT as to how enhancing protection outcomes in a collective way. The\nframework develop by the STAIT (Senior Transformative Agenda Implementation Team) is a\nrelevant entry point to discuss some key areas of work for the HCT and ICCT in Afghanistan.\nAn OPR will be an opportunity to open up the floor to discussion as to expectation of the\ndegree of efficiency for the cluster system in this kind of highly insecure environment. It will\nhelp consider upholding GoIRA responsibility through increased participation in the\ncoordination system and reviewing allocation of human and financial resources with regard to\nexpected impact and protection outcomes. The OPR will be also an opportunity to prioritize\nactions and clarify the division of role and responsibilities between stakeholders (GoIRA,\nUNCT, HCT and ICCT) and bridging coordination structures.\n\n\nThe humanitarian architecture in Afghanistan have so far proven to be difficult to manage in a\nmeaningful way. The conclusions of the _Humanitarian Coordination Architecture Review_\n_report_ in 2015 was quite critical as to the expected impact of the cluster coordination. Since\nthen, the humanitarian space has been shrinking even more due to a degradation of the\nsecurity environment hampering humanitarian actors to access the civilian population in a\nlarge part of the country. Security management regulation by the UN system and INGOs to\ncope with this insecure environment have dramatically reduced the ability of the international\ncommunity to respond to protection and humanitarian needs. It has resulted in a multiplication\nof thematic groups in Kabul trying to resolve issues that should normally be addressed through\nproper engagement at field level. Many thematic working groups are not functional and are\nduplicating the work of other coordination forums or mandated agencies. At the end, the\nhumanitarian architecture has become even more complex and heavy process oriented as\nopposed to a results based approach. For instance, the R&R Chapter has now been\ndeactivated and could be replaced by a return strategy endorsed by the HCT that would\nreaffirm UNHCR\u2019s mandate for the assistance of refugees and returnees at the border, as well\nas the development of a multi-sectoral approach by the ICCT.\n\nSome progress to streamline processes have been achieved at a very high cost as per the\namount of resources required with no evidence that it produces concrete protection outcomes\nfor affected populations. The allocation of important financial resources and the value for\nmoney to operate the cluster system in this kind of highly insecure environment is thus\nquestionable considering its limited outcomes, especially at time of financial resources\nreduction and increased humanitarian needs. The international community should further\nexplore the opportunity to progressively rely on localisation of the humanitarian response that\nmay offer a better outreach of affected population as well as a better value for money as to\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "increasing protection outcomes and sustainability of the action. In Afghanistan, like in many\nfragile context and protracted crisis, many protection issues are related to structural and\ngovernance deficit. It is thus of paramount importance to develop a close coordination with\ndevelopment actors. The urban displacement dynamic is of particular relevance of where\ncomplementarity can be found.\n\nIn that regards, a **critical review of the efficiency of the cluster system** should be\nconducted as well as defining benchmarks and milestones towards an exit strategy. A\nreflection should be conducted towards a shift into a community based driven approach for\nhumanitarian assistance embedded into governmental institutional framework like the Citizen\nCharter. It would allowed a greater bottom-up approach, to reinforcing community resilience,\nto upholding government responsibility, and to moving away from substitution. Some progress\nhas been made on the national policy framework and the GoIRA has demonstrated willingness\nto fulfil their responsibilities. There is thus a momentum to be seized and rethink the\nhumanitarian coordination architecture and modalities to generate protection outcomes\nlooking at the bigger picture and longer term sustainability.\n\n\n**It is critical to lighten the humanitarian architecture and to redefine role and**\n**responsibility according to mandate and policy framework** . Such a shift in the\ncoordination mechanism cannot occur in a short period of time and has to be incremental.\nThis will require a strategic plan to empower communities and capacitate local and national\nactors. This process towards a change in coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance\nwill take time and the cluster system is likely to keep operating until a decision making process\nby the leadership is completed and an exit strategy is developed. During this period, some\nimprovement can be brought to the current system to enhance protection outcomes.\n\n\nv **Improving protection analysis and information management system**\n\n\nHumanitarian programming in Afghanistan applies blanket assistance coverage or a\nvulnerability criteria, often neglecting the needs assessments, which has significantly\ndecreased the needs analysis in the country. Additionally, due to a lack of the linkage between\nthe emergency and post-emergency interventions, the partners do not fully analyse the root\ncauses of the needs and risks, to be able to work together with other actors in addressing the\nchronic issues, which are aggravating the humanitarian situation. The lack of the deeper\nanalysis of the root causes of the major risks also decreases the potential of the emergency\ninterventions to mitigate immediate risks and underlying causes of the protection risks.\n\nThere is limited data collected regularly on such subjects like child protection in emergencies\nor gender based violence, which is linked to the cultural sensitiveness of the topic. At the same\ntime, little work has been done in the sector to put together the existing data sources, be it\ngovernment Central Statistical Office, other departments or humanitarian actors. Population\nconcentration is used as a proxy to identify areas in greater need, neglecting the natural\nlimitations of the population estimate systems applied in the country that do not consistently\ntrack the displacement and population movement dynamics in time, including the secondary\nmovements.\n\nAdditionally, analysis of the protection needs faces number of constraints related to data\ncollection limitations, i.e. cultural sensitivities, access to areas, lack of data sharing\narrangements among partners and insufficient funding to carry out assessments with wider\ncoverage. Insufficient number of female enumerators and female staff in general significantly\nlimits access to women and children, constituting the majority of the population. To mitigate\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "this, protection partners have been using context specific tools, trying to bring together\nqualitative and quantitative methods in assessing needs of the affected people. However,\noften geographically fragmented coverage allows little for comparison. Further, the analysis\nhas identified numerous information gaps, like reliable household level population data,\nlivelihoods, scale and barriers to access basic services, civil documentation, household level\ndata on intentions (integrate in place, return to place of origin, relocate), protection risks and\nnegative coping mechanisms as well as main vulnerable groups.\n\nAs a result, protection response and advocacy are not informed by the assessments directly,\nrelying on the proxy indicators like population estimates or data from other sectors. The\nexisting protection monitoring network in the country, having huge outreach in comparison to\nother sectors, while collecting first hand data on the protection risks and concerns of the\naffected by the conflict and displacement population, is not consistently analyzed and used to\ninform the humanitarian community for interventions and advocacy purposes. **Improving**\n**protection analysis and information management system will then allow increasing**\n**protection outcomes** by informing the overall humanitarian response with solid protection\nsituation understanding and evidence, comprehensive analysis and subsequent reporting and\nadvocacy **.**\n\n\nv **Improving complementarity between humanitarian and ER/stabilization actors**\n\n\nThe large part of humanitarian assistance is focused on the emergency phase of displacement\nor upon return for refugee returnees, leaving communities in the medium term with little means\nto stabilize and (re)integrate and at risk of developing negative coping mechanisms. At the\nsame time, the re-dimensioning of large scale development initiatives, due to increased\ninsecurity and loss of control of large part of the country by the GoIRA, deepened the\nchallenges in linking humanitarian with development and ensuring the inclusion of displaced\npopulations in long term (re)integration programs. Many of the more acute protection needs\nidentified during the first phase of displacement or return cannot be addressed by the mere\nprovision of humanitarian assistance. Prevention and response to gender based violence,\naccess to civil documentation, child labor and access to education are predominantly the result\nof precarious financial capacity among affected population, lack of information on rights and\nservices and scarce governance capacity of provincial and district authorities coupled with a\nnon-harmonized compliance to national policies and administrative instructions.\n\nHumanitarian programs should be redesigned to address needs, also in the medium term,\nrecognizing that protection risks and needs are often increasing after the first phase of\ndisplacement and return. The assistance provided in the emergency phase should lead to\nidentification of vulnerable communities requiring further stabilization measures and\nhumanitarian programs should be equipped to support communities into the transition\nbetween emergency and stabilization. To this end, more attention and resources should be\nplaced to allow agencies to provide self-reliance and small scale livelihood opportunities to\nsupport the communities to stabilize, prevent their involuntary return to unsecure areas and\nmitigate the development of negative coping mechanisms and secondary displacement.\nSpecifically, agencies such as UNAMA and country diplomatic representations could play a\ncrucial role in mainstreaming the protection needs identified during emergencies into medium\nand long term development plans and into the capacity building for local authorities. Greater\nlevel of complementary, coordination and discussion with UNAMA should be developed at\nnational and regional level as to interlinking programs and actions. **Enhancing the**\n**coordination between humanitarian, governance and development programs** is probably\none of the main opportunity to increase protection outcomes.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household level population data", - "confidence": 0.9343416690826416, - "start": 50, - "end": 54 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.6525567173957825, - "start": 137, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected people", - "confidence": 0.6537541151046753, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection analysis and information management system", - "confidence": 0.5495654940605164, - "start": 193, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "v **Improving humanitarian access**\n\n\nThe negotiations with AGEs in 2015 and 2016 was confined to unilateral initiatives and carried\nout bilaterally by individual agencies for specific projects. A consistent and concerted approach\nby humanitarian actors on negotiations for access led to a gradual shrinking and withdrawal\nof humanitarian programs from hard to reach and volatile areas. This resulted in an\ninconsistent presence of protection and other services, in an uneven distribution of resources\nand staffing capacity within the regions and determined small scale secondary displacement\ndriven by the need to access humanitarian assistance. In 2017, there are factors indicating a\nmore open policy from the AGEs to allow humanitarian assistance to reach affected\npopulations. Such factors are province and sometimes district specific; however, they open\nspace for a prudent consideration on possible negotiations. The humanitarian community is\nexpected to use the momentum and prioritize areas and needs to be addressed in negotiations\nwith AGEs. Negotiations should be based on specific humanitarian and protection needs to\nbe addressed and tailored on the prevailing security situation in the area to be covered. A\nthorough \u2018Do no harm\u201d analysis should guide this process.\n\nNegotiations with AGEs should run in parallel with dialogue with national and provincial\nauthorities and encompass mediation efforts to allow continuation of basic services such as\nhealth, education and provision of humanitarian assistance. A set of crucial protection and\nhumanitarian services to be extended to inaccessible areas should be agreed on and provide\nthe content of negotiations with AGEs and government **.** At the same time, episodes of illegal\ntaxation, forced recruitment, extrajudicial killings and arbitrary arrests are regularly reported\nby civilian population living in AGEs\u2019 controlled areas and are often the cause for\ndisplacement. Negotiations with AGEs on extension of services should be preconditioned to\nguarantees on respect of human rights and safety of NGO humanitarian personnel.\n\nLocalization of the response may provide better access subsequently increasing protection\noutcomes. This said, an assessment of local actors capacities should be carried out in order\nto better understand to what extend the international community can rely on local actors as\nfirst responders in case of emergency. This analysis should guide contingency planning as\nwell as reality check as what is feasible and what is likely not to be. Further relying on local\npartners as first responder will require to adjust operational procedures and make it more\nflexible.\n\nAnother important aspect to be considered is the inability of Afghan National Security Forces\nto operate in remote areas and the concentration of their presence on main arteries and urban\ncenters which has shifted the theater of military operations to civilian populated areas with a\nconsequent increase in the number of civilian casualties. In some provinces, such as Kunduz,\nthe largest number of civilian casualties is determined by government led operations and\nairstrikes. As such, civilian displacement is also often the interrelated to government military\ntactics. The surge in civilian casualties and violation of IHL provisions observed since 2015\nrequires an urgent and concerted advocacy with Ministry of defense, Interior and International\nmilitary Forces in their advisory capacity to adopt strategies and concrete measures to\nminimize civilian casualties in the conduct of military operations. The effective coordination\nbetween the HCT, UNCT and UNAMA is crucial in that senses to achieve protection outcomes\nthrough advocacy. **It is also crucial to resume advocacy towards the government as to**\n**adherence to principles of voluntariness, safety, security and dignity related to return**\n**of displaced population.**\n\n\nv **Reinforcing principled actions, mainstreaming and integration of protection**\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protection mainstreaming and centrality of protection are two of the priorities for the protection\ncluster and also strategic priories enshrined in the HRP. Further resources should be\ndedicated to support meaningful access to affected population, accountability, community\nparticipation and empowerment, conflict sensitivity analysis (Do no Harm).\n\nThe rapid surge in emergency response to internal displacement has not been followed by a\nharmonization in the response and the coaching of staff and authorities on basic protection\nand humanitarian principles. A threshold to trigger assessment should be agreed upon in order\nto make a rational use of resources. Lack of agreed standards and principles also determined\na frequent interference by authorities and other actors in the humanitarian response. The\ndevelopment and adoption of common standards on the screening, assessment and\nassistance to displaced population is a priority to be complemented with the systematic\ninclusion of protection staff throughout all the phases of the process. The humanitarian\ncommunity shall also seriously tackle the interferences by local authorities which are often left\nto unsuccessful mediation attempts at provincial level. HRT should prioritize the establishment\nof fraud and complaint mechanism to collect systematic data on interference to feed\ncentralized advocacy and to allow response to fraudulent actions. Donors should precondition\ngrants to the establishment of internal complaint mechanism and anti-fraud measures.\n\nIn addition to harmonizing the emergency response, clusters should put concerted efforts\ntowards creating a solid and harmonized approach to referrals of individual cases to\nspecialized services. Projects should be designed to foresee the inclusion of capacity building\nof community based protection measures through a capillary dissemination on information on\nexisting services and assets and through the support in establishing community representation\nmechanisms. Recognizing the existence and promoting the establishment of\nShura/community representation groups (usually one for male and one for female) is a key\ntool to support the capacity building of communities in addressing protection needs.\nNonetheless, community representation mechanisms need to be capacitated in establishing\ndirect dialogue with relevant authorities and service providers. To address specific and\nsensitive protection risks, such as SGBV, access to civil documentation, access to health\nservices and education for women and girls, a strategy to engage religious leaders should be\nput in place. Such strategy should be implemented jointly with Ministry of religious and Cultural\nAffairs and relevant provincial authorities and aim at training religious leaders in becoming a\npositive vector of change. It requires the engagement of peace building and development\nactors into implementation of comprehensive behavior change strategy as well as the\ndevelopment of key protection messages by the humanitarian teams and the training of\nexisting internal capacity within partners (staff graduated in Sharia Law).\n\nHumanitarian programs should further entail protection component such as community based\nprotection measures. Delivery of assistance should take into account the strain on host and\nreceiving communities caused by mass displacement and returns. To mitigate inter-communal\nconflict and tensions, humanitarian programs should harmonize their support to vulnerable\nhosting communities and ensure that projects implemented for displaced and returnees\ngenerate a positive impact on hosting communities. Afghanistan is without doubt a protection\ncrisis as described in the opening of this position paper. Hence, a protection lens should further\nbe applied by the international community when analyzing, prioritizing, planning and\nimplementing activities. The development of a HCT protection strategy is needed to strengthen\nprotection outcomes of the international community interventions in Afghanistan. The ICCT,\nwith the support of the Protection Cluster and OCHA, thus has a responsibility in developing\na road map on how to strengthen protection aspects into humanitarian sectors intervention.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Further resources should be dedicated to capacitate humanitarian actors in mainstreaming\nand integration of protection in humanitarian actions. A shared human resources and expertise\namong agencies could help implementing partners to adjust their operational processes and\ntake into consideration identified risks related to humanitarian assistance to avoid doing harm.\nThe roll out of protection mainstreaming should be seen as an individual responsibilities by\neach humanitarian organizations and should be integrated or strengthen into monitoring\nindicators. Finally, the HCT should dedicate further funding through the CHF funding\nmechanism to the protection sector in order to improve the prevention and response to\nprotection incidents, more specifically the identification of protection cases and their referral,\nthe reinforce of communities to cope with protection risks through a protection community\nbased approach and capacities of local actors as first responders.\n\n# **III. Conclusion and way forward**\n\n\nThe paper outlines a number of challenges and limitations pertaining to the Afghan context as\nto generating protection outcomes from humanitarian actions and beyond through increased\npartnership with peacebuilding and development actors. It also suggests room for opportunity\nto increase protection outcomes with the current capacity as well as consideration to be\ndiscussed related to the current architecture and its ability to deliver protection dividend.\n\nHence, as a way forward, the paper suggests that HCT organize consultations on the following\nconsiderations to enhance protection outcomes.\n\n\n\u00a7 How improving the situational analysis?\n\u00a7 How reinforcing the nexus between humanitarian action and\npeacebuilding/development nexus?\n\u00a7 How improving protection analysis and information management?\n\u00a7 How reinforcing Centrality of protection and Accountability framework?\n\u00a7 How improving humanitarian access, outreach and contextualization of the response\n\u00a7 How making humanitarian architecture and operational processes more efficient?\n\n\nThese consultations can take place in the frame of the development of an HCT protection\nstrategy that will be linking up with the search of durable solutions for displaced population.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ea869232-dfe7-31b5-9e3c-77f0649e6cba/afg_2017_summary_of_background_paper_-_increasing_protection_outcomes_in_afghanistan.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_763/raw/doc_763_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_763/raw/doc_763_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7cf66c8d6723089f6623aed15bde5e62514cf708..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_763/raw/doc_763_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,980 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **REPORT SUMMARY**\n\nSince 15 August 2021, the political, social, and economic situation in\nAfghanistan has been seriously impacted, affecting the lives of people\nacross the country, particularly marginalised populations such as women,\nchildren, and persons with disabilities. Major concerns continue for the\nhuman rights of Afghans, belonging to certain groups and populations\nsuch as human rights defenders, ex-soldiers, ex-government employees,\njournalists, and persons belonging to religious, ethnic and other minority\ngroups.\n\n\nSerious violations and human rights abuses have been reported,\nincluding summary executions and targeted killing, limited freedom of\nreligion and expression and limited freedom of movement.\nDiscriminatory and punitive gender norms are also identified as an\nincreased protection threat during the reporting period.\n\nFood insecurity, acute malnutrition, reduced access to healthcare and\nscarcity of basic commodities have resulted in a coping crisis forcing\nhouseholds to restore to negative coping strategies, including borrowing\nmoney, child labour and selling assets.\n\n\nConflict and its aftermath contributed to the suspension of activities by\nmost humanitarian organizations while others maintained a presence in\nthe field and resumed operation as soon as it became possible. Delivery\nof safe, dignified, and inclusive assistance is hampered by multiple\nfactors, including restrictions on the participation of female staff in\ncertain provinces and sectors.\n\n\n_Front page picture: Kotal Khairkhana park in Kabul hosting 700 IDPs households in_\n_makeshift tents (\u00a9UNHCR/Tony Aseh)_\n\n\n## **KEY PROTECTION FIGURES**\n\n_**Damage to civilian infrastructure:**_ **218 acts** of violence/threats against\nhumanitarian personnel, assets and facilities reported in Q3, **230 %**\n**increase** (66 acts) compared to Q2 2021 _(HAG report)._\n\n_**Displacement trends:**_ 5.5 million IDPs across the country with **677,000**\n**people** displaced between Jan-Sep 2021. Thousands of people have\nbeen evacuated or have left Afghanistan since August 2021.\n\n_**Protection PIN:**_ **2,13 million people** reached out of **12.8 million**\n**people** in need in the sectors of CP, GBV, HLP, MA and Protection.\n\n_**Flash Appeals:**_ **$ 45,3 M** needed for priority protection responses for\n**1,5 million** vulnerable people (GBV AoR: 500K, CPiE AoR: 153K, HLP\nAoR: 100K, MA AoR: 1,5M, Protection: 500K)\n\n## **METHODOLOGY**\n\nThe report was prepared in collaboration with six partners undertaking\nprotection monitoring: DRC, INTERSOS, IOM, IRC, NRC and UNHCR, using\nthe data collected in Q3 from 6,661 Household-level Surveys (HH), 723\nFocus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 1,075 Key Informants Interviews (KII).\nIn Q3, 52% of respondents were IDPs, 25% undocumented returnees, 20%\nhost community, 3% IDP returnees, 1% refugee returnees and 0,5%\nrefugees and asylum seekers. 63% of the respondents were male while 37%\nwere female. The analysis is guided by the Global Protection Cluster\n[Protection Analysis Framework](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2021/08/11/protection-analytical-framework/) (PAF). Other sources of data that are\nreferenced include OCHA Displacement Trends, WFP Countrywide Monthly\nMarket Price Bulletin, IOM Return of Undocumented Afghans Situation\nReports, Human Rights Watch.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household-level Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9551048874855042, - "start": 533, - "end": 535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HH", - "confidence": 0.8872838616371155, - "start": 536, - "end": 537 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.9470511674880981, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable people", - "confidence": 0.6453192234039307, - "start": 462, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.5496587157249451, - "start": 540, - "end": 543 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5215312242507935, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.5990200042724609, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA Displacement Trends", - "confidence": 0.9872156381607056, - "start": 637, - "end": 640 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5511167645454407, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP Countrywide Monthly\nMarket Price Bulletin", - "confidence": 0.8832424879074097, - "start": 641, - "end": 647 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nWidespread insecurity severely impacted data collection and\ninterrupted humanitarian activities in the field. Protection\ncomponents related to human rights and protection monitoring were\nparticularly impacted throughout Q3, with disruptions and capacity\ngaps further worsening in the second half of August and into\nSeptember, following the Taliban's takeover.\n\n\n_Protection Monitoring in Trinikot City, Urozgan Province (\u00a9UNHCR)_\n\nLimitations and considerations regarding Q3 data include:\n\n\n - Many partners including those involved with protection\nmonitoring, opted to diversify or change **the modalities of data**\n**collection** as the context changed. In remote locations instead\nof in-person interviews, monitoring activities took place by\nphone. Community-based protection monitoring was impacted\nby the restrictions to work placed on female staff and remote\nwork arrangements did not enable sufficient space and privacy\nto guarantee full protection of female beneficiaries.\n\n\n\n\n- **Serious concerns exist about data protection**, especially on\nGBV. Recording and storage of GBV data was put on hold until\nits collection could be done in a safe manner in accordance\nwith GBViE Minimum Standards for data protection.\n\n- Direct **data on GBV is limited** by the risks of asking and\nreporting on questions that may lead to disclosures that can be\nretraumatizing and be especially harmful in areas where there\nis no response service. As such, there is limited data on the\nperpetrators of threats against women and girls.\n\n- The **lack of availability of cash and the closure of banks**\nimpacted protection monitoring activities, which are staffintensive, and challenged the collection of data at provincial\nlevels.\n\n- The range of security challenges and operational constraints\nincluding **movement restrictions** imposed by the Taliban\nadministration impeded the capacity of protection partners to\ncollect high quality data and to deliver humanitarian\nassistance.\n\n- UNAMA experienced increasing difficulty in maintaining its\n**verification standards for civilian casualties**, due to human\nnetworks (sources and witnesses) fleeing/being displaced, and\nlack of cell-phone coverage due to parties\u2019 intentional or\ninadvertent destruction of cell-phone towers.\n\n- Protection monitoring **focuses on rural communities**, whose\npreoccupations are related to daily survival, resulting in human\nrights violations, including in relation to restrictions on women\nand girls, being difficult to monitor.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Q3 data", - "confidence": 0.8819872140884399, - "start": 77, - "end": 79 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7241453528404236, - "start": 70, - "end": 71 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Trinikot City, Urozgan Province", - "confidence": 0.5476527214050293, - "start": 63, - "end": 68 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV data", - "confidence": 0.9075420498847961, - "start": 182, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **1. CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\nInsecurity worsened from May to August 2021 as the Taliban\nadvanced with a widespread offensive against the Afghan\nGovernment (GoIRA) forces in rural provinces. The conflict\nculminated in the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban on 15 August 2021\nwith the entire country soon thereafter nominally under their\ncontrol. Thousands of people fled Afghanistan through informal\ncrossing points to neighbouring countries while evacuations by\nforeign governments through Kabul airport concluded on 30 August.\nTravellers had limited access to food, potable water, and basic health\ncare and family separation was widespread. On 31 August, all USA\nand NATO troops were withdrawn from the country. On 9\nSeptember, the Taliban announced an interim government for the\nIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) and appointed members of the\nTaliban and Haqani Network in military and civil positions. The\ncollapse of the civilian government, and the consequent suspension\nof international funding, had an enormous impact on basic services,\nnamely education and health, and financial systems, exacerbating\nalready high levels of poverty and hunger. With only 17% of health\nfacilities fully functional and two thirds lacking essential medicines\nand staff, the health system is at risk of collapse. Rising prices of\nwheat flour and diesel (rising 5% and 7.6% respectively) and\nrestrictions on women\u2019s ability to work, further exacerbated the\neconomic crisis, particularly for female-headed households.\n\n\n5,5 million people remain displaced in Afghanistan, out of which\n677,000 [1] were displaced by drought and conflict since January 2021.\nMany are not able to return to their original homes which are\ndestroyed or damaged. Despite the critical situation, returns from\nIran and Pakistan remained at record levels (since January 1,016,835\nundocumented Afghans returned [2] ), with 62% consisting of\n\n\n1 OCHA, Afghanistan Population Movement Snapshot, October 2021\n\n\n\ndeportations \u2013 the vast majority from Iran. Deprivation of basic\nservices, violence and coercion such as recruitment are all threats\nforcing undocumented returnees to re-migrate through unsafe and\nirregular pathways. Unaccompanied children and single women\nfaced heightened risks upon return to Afghanistan especially due to\nlack of access to essential services and safe onward transport to their\nfinal destination.\n\n\n_Cash for transportation for IDPs from Kabul who decided to voluntarily return to_\n\n_their former place of residence or origin (\u00a9UNHCR)_\n\n\nCOVID-19 remains a concern as does the rate of vaccinations,\nespecially among women. Unclear positioning from de facto\nauthorities on the continuation of COVID-19 vaccination and high\npopulation movements may make a fourth wave of the pandemic a\nreality. Finally, the approaching winter season is likely to exacerbate\nhumanitarian needs as many restrictions on electricity and fuel are\nanticipated.\n\n\n2 IOM, DTM report, October 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n**2.1** **CURRENT THREATS TO THE POPULATION**\n\n**2.1.1** **Summary Executions and Targeted Killings**\nDuring the reporting period, hundreds of people were killed and\ninjured in serious incidents perpetrated by IS(K), especially\nAfghanistan\u2019s Shia minority. Taliban Special Forces were ordered to\nhunt down IS fighters in Afghanistan and civilian casualties also\noccurred as a result of related gunfire and abandoned IED and\nunexploded ordnance (UXO) detonations. Summary execution of\ncivilians and reprisal killings were also reported by OHCHR and the\nAfghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) [3], as\nwell as targeted killings of journalists [4], and ethnic and religious\nminority groups, including an instance of Taliban forces unlawfully\nkilling 13 members of the Hazara community in Daikundi province,\nincluding 2 civilians and 11 former members of the Afghan National\nDefence Security Forces (ANDSF), who had surrendered. [5] There were\nalso widespread reports of Taliban officials imprisoning residents and\ninflicting beatings and corporal punishments, signifying a return to a\nharsh version of Islamic justice with execution and amputation. Four\nalleged kidnappers in Herat city were killed and their bodies hung in\nvarious squares of the city as a warning to others [6] .\n\n**2.1.2** **Limited Freedom of Religion and Expression**\nReligious minorities experienced fear and uncertainty with regards to\ntheir safety and security under Taliban rule. FGD respondents in\nFaryab, Kandahar, Khost, Nangarhar and Zabul raised ethnicity as a\nreason for social tension or discrimination, whilst in Faryab and\nKandahar religion was mentioned. The Shia Ulema Council urged the\n\n\n3 [Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission](https://www.aihrc.org.af/home/daily-reports/91134) [; OHCHR | 31st Special](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=27403&LangID=E)\n[Session of the Human Rights Council - The serious human rights concerns and](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=27403&LangID=E)\n[situation in Afghanistan](https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=27403&LangID=E)\n4 [https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/attack-mediajournalists-174893](https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/attack-mediajournalists-174893)\n\n\n\nTaliban to ensure safety and equality for all, while it is estimated that\n10,000 - 12,000 members of the Christian church in Afghanistan are\nin hiding. With the electronic database for the \u2018e-Tazkeras\u2019 ID holding\ndata pertaining to the religion of individuals, there is a fear that these\ndatabases will be used by the Taliban to identify persons belonging\nto religious minorities. In further restrictions, the Taliban banned\nbarbers from shaving and trimming beards on the basis that such\nactivities breach their interpretation of Islamic precepts. According\nto organisations that support media freedom, 153 media outlets\n(radio, print and TV channels) stopped activities in 20 provinces since\nmid-August, owing to economic problems and restrictions. Growing\nconcern over repression has prompted many users to increasingly\nabandon social media space. [7]\n\n\n**2.1.3** **Limited Freedom of Movement**\nFreedom of movement decreased during the reporting period with\n78% of respondents mentioning that they can move freely, while it\nwas 85% in Q2 and 84% in Q1. From January to September, the\npercentage of people who cited inability to move freely was higher\namong male (58%) than female (42%). Respondents highlighted fear\nfor personal safety (26%), lack of trust in the community (14%), sociocultural barriers (13%), discrimination (10%), safety concerns related\nto debt (9%), lack of documentation (8%), personal hostility (6%),\ncheckpoints (5%) and demands for bribes by authorities (4%) as\ncontributing to the range of issues that prevent them from feeling\nsafe when moving. There is a 7% increase in fear for personal safety\nand a 9% increase for lack of trust in the community compared to Q2\nand Q1. The data also showed that despite the change of regime, no\nparticular restrictions were placed on freedom of movement by the\nTaliban at formal checkpoints (with only 5% indicating that\n\n\n[5https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/10/afghanistan-13-](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/10/afghanistan-13-hazara-killed-by-taliban-fighters-in-daykundi-province-new-investigation/)\n[hazara-killed-by-taliban-fighters-in-daykundi-province-new-investigation/.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/10/afghanistan-13-hazara-killed-by-taliban-fighters-in-daykundi-province-new-investigation/)\n6 [Taliban hang up bodies of alleged kidnappers in Afghan city | Toronto Sun](https://torontosun.com/news/world/taliban-hang-up-bodies-of-alleged-kidnappers-in-afghan-city)\n[7 Afghanistan: Social media users delete profiles over fear of attack - BBC News.](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58710194)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "checkpoints provide a limitation on freedom of movement).\nHowever, ethnic and religious minorities as well as women and girls\nremain particularly at risk of limited freedom of movement with, for\nexample, Hazara not being able to move freely in some areas of the\ncountry and families prohibiting women and girls from leaving their\nhomes without a male guardian, due to Taliban ruling.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Reasons for inability to move freely (all provinces)_\n\n**2.1.4** **Discriminatory and Punitive Gender Norms**\nThe Taliban reiterated their commitment to women\u2019s rights, but\nthese assurances materialized to varying and limited degrees, with\nimpositions introduced on the education, right to work and freedom\nof movement of girls and women. Schooling for girls has been capped\nto primary level, women\u2019s return to work has not reached national\nlevel agreement and the Ministry of Women\u2019s Affairs has been\nreplaced by a new Ministry of Vice and Virtue, referencing\nconservative and restrictive rulings, and fearing a return to a justice\nsystem based on the interpretation of Sharia law, with women and\ngirls at high risk of systematic subjugation, exclusion and violence.\n\n\n\nCredible reports continued to emerge that single women and girls\naged 15 \u2013 45 are being forced to marry fighters, despite assurances\nfrom the authorities that women\u2019s rights are being upheld. The\nmovement of women and girls is severely restricted, with the\nimposition of strict rules on having male escorts in some provinces,\nwhilst in others the proliferation of social restrictions is causing\nwomen to self-limit their movements as a strategy to remain safe in\nan increasingly hostile environment to women and girls.\n\nIn Q3, protection monitoring data collected through Household\nSurveys showed that almost 35% of female respondents reported\nfeeling unsafe whilst 25% of male respondents reported the same.\nSimilarly, 35% of FGD stated that women do not feel safe, due to\ncultural reasons (15%), growing insecurity (11%), GBV risks (8%) and\narmed groups (5%). With GBV consistently underreported, 8% of\nFGDs _explicitly_ stating GBV is indicative of the elevated GBV risk.\nFurthermore, the mention of cultural reasons likely implies harmful\ngender norms that discriminate, disadvantage, and endanger women\nand girls.\n\nThe pinpointing of cultural and family restrictions as reasons for\nwomen and girls feeling unsafe suggests that the threat of GBV also\nemanates from within the family and community. With pervasive\nharmful gender norms in what is one of the most unequal countries\nin terms of gender equality and women\u2019s rights, it is estimated that\ncirca 90% of Afghan women have experienced GBV, the majority\nthrough intimate partner violence, with husbands as the principal\nperpetrators. Growing reports of early and forced marriage of girls\nand women by family members also align with evidence from other\ncontexts showing that GBV often stems from within the family.\n\nGBV has severe consequences on the safety, dignity, and wellbeing\nof Afghan women and girls, including short and long-term effects on\ntheir physical, sexual and reproductive and mental health and their\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9360504746437073, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.9285793900489807, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female respondents", - "confidence": 0.8826807141304016, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV", - "confidence": 0.5902572274208069, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7840136885643005, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.9446439146995544, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan women", - "confidence": 0.7981160879135132, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "social well-being. Whilst not highlighted in protection monitoring\ndata, the use of practices such as honour killings of GBV survivors is\nwidespread in Afghanistan, with survivors also dying due to serious\ninjury inflicted during sexual assault or through sexually transmitted\ninfections. A lack of specialized health services, including Sexual\nReproductive Health Services (SRHS) and safe access to these where\nthey do exist further compounds the harmful effects of physical\ninjuries to survivors.\n\n**2.1.5** **Poverty, Growing Hunger and a Coping Crisis**\nAccording to a rapid appraisal on economic instability after 15 August\nby UNDP, [8 ] Afghanistan will face universal poverty by mid-2022 and a\nstaggering 97% of the population is at risk of sinking below the\npoverty line. The UN Humanitarian Coordinator warned that a food\ncrisis is looming, potentially within a month, adding that more than\nhalf of all under-fives are suffering from extreme malnutrition, and\nmore than one-third of citizens are not getting enough to\neat [9] . Furthermore, as winter approaches and colder weather sets in,\nthe situation for those living in poverty or experiencing displacement,\noften without adequate shelter, is set to worsen. In consequence, the\ngeneral sense of anxiety amongst the population is further\naggravated, along with concerns for the protection outlook,\nparticularly for at-risk groups and vulnerable persons, as people have\ndepleted individual and community social and financial capacities\nand restored to negative coping strategies.\n\nAccording to the Household Survey data for Q3, borrowing money is\nthe strategy used most often (31%), followed by child labour (15%) \u2013\nsending children to work locally, in other parts of the country or to\nneighbouring countries \u2013 and selling assets (14%). The same coping\nmechanisms were prevalent in Q1 and Q2. Other coping mechanisms\ninclude use of migration, spending remittances, engaging in\n\n\n8 [UNDP - 97 percent of Afghans could plunge into poverty by mid-2022.](https://www.undp.org/press-releases/97-percent-afghans-could-plunge-poverty-mid-2022-says-undp)\n\n\n\nhazardous work, recruiting children to armed groups, and forced and\nchild marriage. The prevalence of child marriage was the highest in\nHelmand Province, followed by Kandahar and Faryab provinces.\nWhen the Household survey data is disaggregated based on the\nrespondents gender the three main coping mechanisms remain the\nsame for men and women. Selling assets is the second most reported\nby men. Child labour is by far the second most reported by women.\nThis difference is most likely linked to unequal access to household\nassets.\n\n\n**i.** **Borrowing money and debt** is reported as the main\n\nmechanism used to cope with shocks, limited livelihood\nopportunities and loss of income. Since the beginning of the\nyear, 78% of Household Survey respondents mentioned that\nthey borrowed money (71% in Q1, 80% in Q2, and 79% in Q3).\n\n**ii.** **Child labour** has dramatically worsened from Q1 to Q3. Since\n\nJanuary 2021, 27% of Household Survey respondents\nmentioned that they had to resort to child labour (13% in Q1,\n30% in Q2 and 30% in Q3). The highest percentage of\nrespondents reporting child labour is found in Sar-e-Pul,\nBadakhstan, Faryab, Himand, Nangahar, Nimroz and Bamyan\n\n - mostly rural and border provinces relying on agriculture\nand informal labour with movement to third countries. The\nworst forms of child labour in Afghanistan include the\nproduction of bricks and carpets, work in the agriculture and\nmining sectors, and work in the streets as beggars, shoe\nshiners, porters, and garbage collectors.\n\n**iii.** **Selling assets** has increased in Q3. Since the beginning of the\n\nyear, 32% of the Household Survey respondents mentioned\nthat they had to sell some assets (26% in Q1, 34% in Q2 and\n37% in Q3). Usually selling assets is not the first coping\n\n\n9 [Afghanistan crisis: Food supply for millions could run out this month | UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/09/1098972)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring\ndata", - "confidence": 0.9974371194839478, - "start": 7, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9534317255020142, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey data", - "confidence": 0.9981718063354492, - "start": 274, - "end": 277 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5674773454666138, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.989866316318512, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household survey data", - "confidence": 0.997621476650238, - "start": 405, - "end": 408 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Helmand Province", - "confidence": 0.7889367341995239, - "start": 393, - "end": 395 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghans", - "confidence": 0.6067533493041992, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.7860684394836426, - "start": 507, - "end": 510 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6841354966163635, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.6210894584655762, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5735729932785034, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.738863468170166, - "start": 700, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6010143756866455, - "start": 701, - "end": 702 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.5307530760765076, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "mechanism used by households due to its potential longterm impact on the household vulnerability. Hence, the\nsteady increase, during this year, shows that households\nhave exhausted any other preferred coping strategies and\nare now faced with no other choice \u2013 as an indicator of the\ndepth of the crisis faced by many.\n\n**2.1.6** **Other Key Protection Risks**\nIncreased conflict in Afghanistan, and the subsequent takeover of the\ngovernment by the IEA, adversely impacted the **safety and wellbeing**\n**of boys and girls** . Household Survey data across all provinces this\nquarter showed that 2% were child-headed households and 1%\nchildren-at-risk headed households. Households headed by\nunaccompanied and separated children (UASC) were not reported in\nthis quarter. Morevowe, 12% of households reported having children\nat risk, whilst 1% reported having UASC and 1% having children\nengaged in armed conflict. According to interlocutors in the field,\nboth Taliban/IEA/de facto authorities and ISKP recruit widely and use\nchildren in their ranks.\n\nPresence of **mines and other explosives** remained prevalent across\nthe provinces surveyed, reported by also at least a quarter of\nundocumented returnees. The Household Survey revealed that a\nmajority (82%) of households lack awareness about mines and other\nexplosives and 65% indicated that they lack awareness on where to\nreport explosives. Children were particularly at risk of death or\nserious injury as a result of ERW \u2013 one of the top three impacts of\nmine presence reported by those who had awareness or information\nabout mines is that children cannot access school safely (24%) \u2013 and\na very real risk remains of death or serious injury of children if this\nsituation is not addressed (27%). Other reported concerns were\npeople not being able to access services (21%), effects on livelihood\n\n\n[10https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-taliban-forcibly-evict-](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-taliban-forcibly-evict-minority-shia)\n[minority-shia](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-taliban-forcibly-evict-minority-shia)\n\n\n\nsuch as restrictions on animal grazing (14%), and household chores\nsuch as collecting water (11%).\n\n\n_Cash assistance for shelter and protection in Kandahar (\u00a9UNHCR)_\n\nLack of housing and accommodation is also a significant protection\nrisk. Rent dispute was the highest reported **land-related issue** with\n17% in Q3, followed by ownership, inheritance and use/access\ndisputes and lack of documentation. The increase in rent disputes\nand rent payable might be explained by the economic crisis affecting\nhouseholds in the country and especially the most vulnerable. Of the\nrespondents reporting HLP issues, Kabul, Nangahar, Takhar, Hilmand\nand Nimroz recorded the highest percentage of rent disputes which\nwere mostly reported by returnees. **Eviction** is also an issue reported\nby 8% of the respondents, resulting in increased displacement and\nmore cramped living conditions. Many of these evictions have\ntargeted Hazara Shia communities, as well as people associated with\nthe former government, as a form of collective punishment. [10]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey data", - "confidence": 0.9813480377197266, - "start": 109, - "end": 112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5711862444877625, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9497464299201965, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "this\nquarter", - "confidence": 0.5356752276420593, - "start": 115, - "end": 117 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8794393539428711, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.9980509281158447, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8083184957504272, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "provinces", - "confidence": 0.6872624158859253, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9529007077217102, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "respondents reporting HLP issues", - "confidence": 0.7417313456535339, - "start": 486, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5019177198410034, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.2** **EFFECTS ON POPULATION**\n\n**2.2.1** **Denial of Access to Services**\n31% of Household Survey respondents reported denial of access to\nservices in Q3, mainly livelihood support (17%), health (14%), support\nfor persons with specific needs (9%), education (7%), WASH (7%) and\nchild protection (6%). This represents an increase of 1% compared to\nQ2. The reasons attributed to the above included assistance not free\n(24%), assistance not reaching people in need (23%), people lacking\nthe required documentation (15%), discrimination (11%), and\nassistance not being what people need (10%). Importantly, the\nProvince disaggregation indicates that Ghazni had the highest rate of\nrespondents who reported denial of access to services (50%),\nfollowed by Wardak (48%), Hirat (40%), Parwan (39%), Ghor (37%),\nNimroz (33%), and Faryab (11%).\n\n**2.2.2** **Inability to Access Existing Services**\n63% of Key Informants Interviews respondents reported that their\ncommunity members were unable to access existing services, mainly\nlivelihood support (11%), health (10%), shelter (9%), education (9%),\nWASH (8%), support for persons with special needs (7%) and\npsychosocial support (7%). The most affected groups are female\nheaded-HHs (15%), child headed-HHs (11%), persons with disabilities\n(11%), elderly person headed-HHs (10%), single male headed-HHs\n(7%), persons with life-threatening health issues (7%) and\nunaccompanied and separated children (6%). The main reasons for\nbeing unable to access these services are being unable to pay for the\nservice (22%), lacking documentation (19%), facing\ndiscrimination/exclusion (15%), assistance not reaching people in\nneed (16%), and assistance not being what people need (14%).\n\nProtection monitoring data highlighted that women and girls face\nincreased barriers to accessing services, with their freedom of\nmovement being limited. This is further compounded by the low\n\n\n\nrates of women\u2019s access to civil documentation, with 35% of FGDs\nstating that women and girls lack the Tazkera, compared to only 1%\nof FGDs stating the same for men. In Households Surveys, 22,8% of\nfemale respondents reported lacking documentation compared to\n9,9% of male respondents.\n\n**2.2.3** **Feeling of Safety**\nThe feeling of safety was impacted during this reporting period, with\na 10% decrease in the percentage of those that responded that they\nfeel safe (69% in Q3 compared to 79% in Q2). In Q3, 27% of\nrespondents stated that there was no change in their security\nsituation (30% decrease from Q2 and 36% decrease Q1), 37%\nmentioned that the security situation had worsened (7% increase\nfrom Q2 and 9% decrease Q1) and 36% mentioned that the security\nsituation had improved (23% increase from Q2 and 37% increase\nfrom Q1). The contributing factors indicated for the worsening\nsecurity situation data are increased conflict between government\nand anti-government elements (38%), criminality (23%), targeted\nattacks (15%), fighting for resources (12%) and protests/civil\ndemonstrations (10%).\n\nBased on FGDs findings from Q3, 69% of respondents mentioned that\nmen and boys feel safe in the community, slightly higher than for\nwomen and girls who indicated that they felt safe in the community\n(64%). In Q3, more than 32% of the respondents sometimes felt\nunsafe in their shelter. The four major shelter problems reported in\nQ3 were lack of privacy and overcrowded shelters, unsafe shelters\ndue to lack of doors and lack of washing facilities. IDPs and host\ncommunities are the highest categories reporting shelter issues. Lack\nof privacy and over-crowded space were primarily reported by\nindividuals living in settlements and shared accommodation. The\ndataset indicates that these issues are prevalent in woman and childheaded households.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.7648741006851196, - "start": 35, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7320605516433716, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.7077807188034058, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6284509897232056, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Province disaggregation", - "confidence": 0.8520957231521606, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ghazni", - "confidence": 0.6315531134605408, - "start": 163, - "end": 164 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6468042135238647, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.999365508556366, - "start": 432, - "end": 435 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Households Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9977139234542847, - "start": 500, - "end": 502 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "security situation data", - "confidence": 0.9696689248085022, - "start": 661, - "end": 664 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.780833899974823, - "start": 712, - "end": 713 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.841665506362915, - "start": 717, - "end": 718 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs findings", - "confidence": 0.842491626739502, - "start": 709, - "end": 711 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5138856172561646, - "start": 709, - "end": 710 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.9672864675521851, - "start": 712, - "end": 713 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8596426844596863, - "start": 717, - "end": 718 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "dataset", - "confidence": 0.7219390869140625, - "start": 827, - "end": 828 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Q3", - "confidence": 0.5990893840789795, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "woman and childheaded households", - "confidence": 0.9604640007019043, - "start": 835, - "end": 839 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "With respect to population groups, at the household level, refugees\nreported the highest number of people feeling unsafe (48%),\nfollowed by host communities (34%) and refugee returnees (34%),\nundocumented returnees (30%), IDP returnees (29%), and IDPs\n(20%).\n\n**2.2.4** **Psychological Distress of Women and Children**\nOverall, 36% of HH respondents reported experiencing psychological\ndistress. Of these, 4% cited family violence (compared to 8% in the\nperiod January to July) and 1% cited early marriage as causes of\ndistress (compared to 3% in the period January to July). Whilst GBV\nis not stated explicitly, given the risks and sensitivities of disclosure,\nglobal evidence shows that the presence of family violence mainly\naffects women and children, and is a proxy indicator for GBV risk in\nthe family. Equally, trends in early marriage indicate girls are\ndisproportionately affected. Family violence and early marriage as\ncontributing factors in physiological distress highlight the detrimental\nimpact of GBV on the mental health of women and girls, with posttraumatic stress as a common consequence of GBV globally.\n\n77% of children who needed psychological support services were not\nable to access it because of a lack of information (38%) and the cost\nof services (37%). Conflict was the leading reason for children\nexperiencing psychological distress, with 24% of respondents\nreporting this. Exposure to conflict resulted in a change in children\u2019s\nbehaviour. 17% of respondents reported negative changes in the\nbehaviour of children in the last 6 months, representing a 3% increase\nfrom Q2. Of those who reported negative changes in children\u2019s\nbehaviour, 43% reported violent behaviour, 30% eating disorders,\n11% self-harm, and 1% suicidal tendencies. With safety networks\nsuch as schools disrupted, children had fewer points of access for\nsupport outside of the home, with this being particularly concerning\nfor adolescent girls who have not been permitted to return to school\nsince August 2021 in some areas of the country.\n\n\n\nNine-year-old girl in a camp for displaced people in Afghanistan\n\n(\u00a9UNHCR/Edris Lutfi)\n\n\n2.2.5 **Social Cohesion and Dispute Mechanisms**\nData from the reporting period shows that social cohesion has been\nnegatively affected by recent events, with increased tensions and\nbreakdowns in social relations within communities and between\ndifferent community groups and reports of violence doubling\ncompared to the previous quarter. FGDs consisting of host and\ndisplaced/returnee population groups also revealed tensions driven\nby social-cultural differences and discrimintation. Respondents from\nmore than half of surveyed provinces reported negative community\nrelationships - particularly across Panjshir, Kapisa, Faryab, Herat and\nBadghis. Humanitarian needs and the dire economic outlook also\nmeant an increased competition for jobs and resources. FGDs and\nKIIs cited increased reports of insecurity \u2013 targeted killings,\nkidnapping, theft, and debt-related harassment \u2013 as causing stresses\nwithin communities and eroding otherwise trusting relationships.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HH respondents", - "confidence": 0.7923873066902161, - "start": 86, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Psychological Distress of Women and Children", - "confidence": 0.6697487235069275, - "start": 73, - "end": 79 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5279817581176758, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global evidence", - "confidence": 0.6282740235328674, - "start": 151, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.749868631362915, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Concerns over access to justice and equitable dispute resolution\nsystems are not new in Afghanistan. In areas under Taliban control,\nparallel court systems already existed, while the imposition of fees\nand the experience of discrimination consistently impacted access to\nformal justice. Household Survey data this quarter showed that both\nfees and discrimination have reduced and that male respondents are\nmore likely to approach community elders and religious leaders\n(Mullah, Shura Council) to resolve disputes, whereas women go to\nfamily and friends or resolve disputes themselves. FGD respondents\nfrom IDP and host communities from Baghlan, Ghazni, Herat,\nKandahar, Kunar, Logar, and Sur-e-Pul indicated that they were going\nto the Taliban to resolve their disputes.\n\nOverall, evidence suggests that dispute resolution mechanisms\n(DRM) favour host communities over returnee and displaced\ncommunities. 87% of host community respondents said their\ndisputes had been resolved compared with 77% of IDPs. Returnees\n(undocumented, refugee and IDP) were the least likely to be satisfied\nwith the quality of decisions (91%) compared to host communities\n(95%) and IDPs (96%) this quarter. Whilst fees as a barrier reduced\nacross the board, host community members reported the biggest\nreduction (13%, yet still impacting 33% of IDPs). In localities like\nBadakhshan and Herat the \u2018lack of female representation\u2019 is raised\nfor the first time as a barrier.\n\n**2.3 EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS PROTECTION RISKS**\n\nIt is to be noted that the Taliban have been unambiguous in saying\nthat they wish for humanitarian actors to remain in Afghanistan and\nto provide humanitarian assistance, which is a positive and welcome\nsignal. At present, however, the most pressing concern is how to\nensure sufficient access to vulnerable groups and individuals, so that\nthey may be provided with humanitarian assistance and able to\nrealise their fundamental human rights.\n\n\n\n**2.3.1** **Community-Based Protection and Shuras**\nCommunity-Based Protection structures and male and female Shuras\nexist in communities. Given the imposed restriction on freedom of\nmovement on minorities, and on women and girls, it is reasonably\nconsidered that members of traditional community structures could\nplay a role in making the communities aware of the existing services\nand helping them to access those services. In this regard, it is\nimportant to note that no restrictions have been placed on female\nhealth workers and female teachers. The construction of new\ncommunity-based centres and women friendly spaces and expansion\nof the existing centres, run by women, for women and girls, could be\na real entry point to maintain access to women and girls, and to\nprovide them with much needed services.\n\n\n**2.3.2** **Community-Led Conflict Resolution Mechanisms**\nCulture, religion and ethnicity create community cohesion and\nprovide support. This has helped some of the most vulnerable in\ncommunities in the absence of external resources or income with\nhumanitarian response beset by access restrictions. However,\nexacerbated needs, particularly for displaced communities and\nreturnees, has increased competition for limited resources and\nstretched the social fabric. A key factor in maintaining good relations\nis reliance upon a community leader to decide on and resolve issues.\nWomen and girls and to an increasing extent all community members\nrely upon the family and community-level mechanisms closest to\nthem. This means decision-making processes and the resolution of\ndisputes is well established and continues despite more formal\nmechanisms not providing adequate protections for equitable\nresolution of challenges.\n\n**2.3.3** **Accessible Former Hard to Reach Areas**\nSince September 2021, the locations which were under Taliban\ncontrol for some time, have become more accessible due to the end\nof wide-spread conflict, allowing the resumption of limited\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey data", - "confidence": 0.9965035915374756, - "start": 45, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7992997765541077, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8144091963768005, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD respondents", - "confidence": 0.6738215684890747, - "start": 94, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "host community respondents", - "confidence": 0.7131766676902771, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7131649255752563, - "start": 297, - "end": 298 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitarian assistance and movement in previously hard to reach\nareas. This provides an opportunity to expand programmes in areas\nthat were previously not covered and to renew the mainstreaming of\nprotection principles in all activities, especially when related to the\nrights of women and girls.\n\n## **3 RESPONSES**\n\n\n**3.1** **OPERATIONAL CONTEXT INCLUDING ACCESS ISSUES**\n\n\n**3.1.1** **Humanitarian Access**\nQ3 can be divided into two distinct periods, exhibiting different\naccess environments: **Period 1 (01 July to 15 August)** was marked by\na high level of kinetic activity and movement restrictions, which\nresulted in many partners reducing their footprint and operation and\nshifting their focus on providing lifesaving assistance only. Airstrikes,\nattacks with heavy weaponry as well as IED explosions along roads\nresulted in significant collateral damage to partners, with three\nhumanitarians losing their lives and another 14 injured when caught\nin crossfire between the ANDSF and the Taliban.\n\n\n11 HAG Q3 Report - July Sept. 2021\n\n\n\n**Period 2 (16 August to 30 September)** was marked by an increase in\nincidents of interference in humanitarian activities as well as a peak\nin violence and threats against humanitarian personnel, assets and\nfacilities [11] .\n\n\nOverall, in Q3, 624 access constraints were documented, compared\nto 607 in Q2 and 508 in Q1. Incidents were dominated by 68 cases of\n**interference in the implementation of humanitarian activities**\n(+48% compared to Q2) and 218 acts of **violence and threats against**\n**humanitarian personnel**, assets and facilities (+230% compared to 66\nacts of violence in Q2). Out of 68 incidents of interference in the\nimplementation of humanitarian activities, 39 (57%) had a gender\ndynamic, with most of these relating to participation of female staff\nin humanitarian activities. Main actors responsible for all access\nconstraints in Q3 include Taliban (80%), ACG (9%), community\nmembers (5%), ANDSF (4%), and ISK (2%). Meanwhile, incidents\nstemming from military operations and kinetic activity and\nmovement restrictions decreased by 10% and 54% respectively [12] .\n\n\n12 HAG Q3 Report \u2013 July Sept. 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.1.2** **Operational constraints**\n\n - The Taliban takeover in mid-August did **not bring about an**\n**end to all conflict-related activity**, with the Afghan\nResistance Front continuing attacks on Taliban members in\nPanjshir Province and surrounding districts as well as IS(K)\nextending their activity to new provinces, including\nconcentrated IED attacks against Taliban in Nangarhar\nprovince, resulting in civilian casualties.\n\n - **Limited cash-flow** in the country and the closure of banks\nwere an impediment to cash assistance and complicated the\nfunctioning of partners, including payment of salaries,\nprocurement and transportation of equipment and material.\n\n - **Movement restrictions** limited the capacity of beneficiaries\nto reach services, while constraints related to procurement,\npipeline and transportation from outside the country\naffected humanitarian aid delivery (i.e. dignity kits).\nHumanitarian air bridges resumed in mid-September.\n\n - Community-based protection monitoring, identification of\nPSN and MHPSS services were impacted **by the restrictions**\n**to work placed on female staff**, limiting operating possibility\nto female staff throughout the overall response.\n\n\n\n**3.2** **POPULATION REACHED & FUNDING DATA**\n\n\nFrom January to September 2021, Protection Cluster partners\nreached 2,130,000 individuals out of the total target of 3,969,191\n(54% achieved). As of 30 September 2021, protection partners\nreceived $45,4 million (40%) out of the total funding required for\n2021 HRP $114.5 million.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **4 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n**For Donors & Members States:**\n\n\n1. **STRENGTHEN** equitable access to protection and multisectoral\n\nservices through increased funding **TO** those humanitarian\norganizations committed to having female and male staff\ndelivering assistance to all members of the affected population\nand who focus on displaced populations and marginalized\ngroups **BY** ensuring:\n\n`o` Longer-term flexible funding for dedicated women and\n\ngirls and GBV programming considering the increased\nand wide-ranging GBV risks.\n\n`o` Greater flexibility in implementation timelines because\n\nof the fluidity of assessed risks.\n\n`o` Partners are encouraged to find creative responses to\n\nthe rapidly changing operating environment, so\nmeaningful programmes are implemented based on\nrobust risk analysis by local partners.\n\n2. **STRENGTHEN** protection monitoring, case management,\n\nmental health and PSS support, job-skills training and victim\u2019s\nassistance, rehabilitation and reintegration services **BY**\nincreasing funding.\n\n3. **INVEST** in frontline responders by increasing human resources\n\nand capacity building **TO** support community-based\nmechanisms using a \u2018protection by presence\u2019 model.\n\n4. **FOCUS** on considerations other than \u2018beneficiary-reach\u2019\n\nnumbers in programming related to women and girls **TO**\nencourage new ways of working and ensure inclusion of female\nbeneficiaries.\n\n\n\n**For HC/HCT & Humanitarian Partners:**\n\n\n1. **ENSURE** the centrality of protection in the humanitarian\n\nresponse **BY** strengthen protection analysis capacities in order\nto prioritize emerging protection issues and integrate\nprotection activities into all interventions.\n\n2. **ENSURE** available services and assistance are not arbitrarily\n\ndenied on the grounds of status or lack of documentation and\nare accessible to all groups especially women and girls **BY**\nreinforcing protection mainstreaming.\n\n3. **MAKE** equitable access, capacity building and sensitization to\n\nfoster acceptance key pillars in aid programmes **BY** encouraging\ncommunity engagement and the development of community\ndispute resolution and feedback mechanisms that are inclusive\nand sensitive to gender, ethnic and religious status.\n\n4. **ENGAGE** in advocacy and in continuous dialogue with the\n\nTaliban and other authorities **TO** :\n\n\n`o` **Promote** the full participation of women and girls in\n\npublic life.\n\n`o` **Urge** the full and safe participation of female\n\nhumanitarian workers to support service delivery for\nfemale beneficiaries.\n\n`o` **Restitute** the formal justice system and respect for\n\ninternational human rights law.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` **Work** with banks to increase cash flow and adapt to\n\nallow humanitarian partners to deliver assistance\nprojects in a timely manner.\n\n`o` **Reduce** the growing threat of forced eviction against\n\nthousands of families living on land belonging to the\nState.\n\n`o` **Conduct** a national mine action survey to capture the\n\nextent of the contamination\n\n`o` **Provide** unconditional access for humanitarian\ndeminers to access communities for demining,\neducation and ERW removal.\n\n5. **ENGAGE** with emerging governance systems to sustain the\n\ngains made securing land rights, particularly women\u2019s through\nformal and informal systems in Afghanistan and to **USE** land\nissues as an entry point to strengthen women\u2019s rights by\nkeeping a focus on documenting land rights (customarily or\nformally) as a foundation for women\u2019s social and economic\nempowerment.\n\n6. **SUPPORT** removal of deadly contamination and mines, and\n\nfacilitate access to educate men, women, boys and girls to the\nrisks from mines, IED, and other explosive devices through risk\neducation.\n\n\n7. **MAINSTREAM** PSEA in all aspects of the humanitarian\n\nresponse, ensuring all humanitarian actors are accountable for\ntheir actions and uphold the highest standards of conduct and\ndiscipline.\n\n\n\n8. **BUILD** capacities of humanitarian partners to identify\n\npotentially at-risk individuals or trafficking victims, and to\nprovide multisectoral responses to increased risks of trafficking\nin persons **BY** :\n\n\n`o` **Invest** in training and awareness raising of local health\n\nauthorities and clinics to develop appropriate\ntechniques for interviewing and examining patients\nwho may be trafficked or at risk of being trafficked.\n\n`o` **Support** flexible funding for local partners at border\n\ncrossing points, so as to provide safe shelters, food and\nlivelihoods, and health services to women and children\nat risk of being trafficked.\n\n`o` **Invest** in data protection, management and storage to\n\nallow evidence and data gathering on trafficking in\npersons.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be6857fb-5a09-389a-9c2f-8b1db873d126/afg_protection_analysis_update_q3_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_764/raw/doc_764_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_764/raw/doc_764_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a9c5a3772ee2aa565d3892d4f9fcfb61e157b445..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_764/raw/doc_764_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,386 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Update on protracted-crisis and climate-related protection risks trends January - December 2024\n\n#### **January 2025**\n\nl d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nIn 2024, Afghanistan faced a combination of challenges that continue to hinder recovery from decades of conflict, including a\nshrinking protection space, a fragile economy, inadequate access to essential services, and the impact of natural disasters,\nclimate-related shocks and extreme weather\nconditions. The DfA\u2019s governance and\ndiscriminatory laws and policies have\nworsened the humanitarian situation.\nWomen, girls, boys, persons with disabilities,\nminorities, older persons, youth, IDPs,\nreturnees, and other groups at risk, facing\nsevere restrictions on their rights, freedom\nof movement, and access to public life.\n\nThese measures have created systemic\nbarriers to education, healthcare, and\nlivelihood, deepening women and girls\nmarginalization disproportionately. 6.3\nmillion people are still displaced, many of\nwhom multiple times. The influx of about\n3,406,161 Afghanis from Iran, Pakistan,\nand T\u00fcrkiye cross-border returns has\noverstretched the already limited _Severity of protection risks in 2024 compared to 2023 at district level_\nresources, while people living in informal\nsettlements face the growing threat of eviction due to the de facto authorities\u2019 relocation efforts. The delivery of\nhumanitarian aid remains obstructed by bureaucratic delays, strict monitoring, and restrictions, preventing timely\nsupport. The humanitarian situation in 2024 is marked by worsening vulnerabilities, limited access to services, and increasing\nisolation of the most at-risk populations especially women and girls. A significant funding shortage has considerably impeded\nthe delivery of essential humanitarian assistance.\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n**1.** **Discrimination and stigmatization \u2013 denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**2.** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance**\n**3.** **Gender-based violence**\n**4.** **Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of movement, forced displacement and threats of forced**\n\n**eviction**\n**5.** **Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal Identity, remedies and Justice**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nAmidst the continued multifaceted protracted crisis in Afghanistan, urgent actions are needed to reduce, prevent, and mitigate\nharmful coping strategies. It is of utmost importance to:\n\n- The authorities in Afghanistan should rescind all bans on women and girls to enable them access essential services and\nopportunities.\n\n- The HCT, in collaboration with donors, should mobilize funding for Mine Action.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | JANUARY-DECEMBER 2024**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n\n**PEOPLE IN NEED IN 2024** **IDPs** **RETURNEES FROM PAKISTAN** **[1]** **HAZARDOUS AREAS**\n### **20.8M 6.3M 315\u2019100+ 1\u2019197km [2]**\n\n\n### **20.8M 6.3M**\n\nSource: Afghanistan HNRP 2024\n\n\n### **6.3M 315\u2019100+**\n\nSource: Afghanistan HNRP 2024 Source: UNHCR\n\n\n### **315\u2019100+ 1\u2019197km [2]**\n\nSource: UNHCR Source: Mine Action AoR\n\n\n\nSource: Mine Action AoR\n\n\n\nIn 2024, Afghanistan remains entrenched in a deepening crisis, shaped by political, economic, and social instability\nand exacerbated by Afghans returning from Pakistan, Iran and other countries. The aftermath of the Taliban\u2019s\ntakeover continues to reverberate across the country, where widespread poverty, escalating food insecurity, and\na struggling healthcare system compound the suffering of the Afghan people. Economic decline, marked by falling\nhousehold incomes, rising debt levels, and a lack of access to basic services, has created dire living conditions. The\ncountry also faces recurring climatic shocks, further aggravating the vulnerability of communities already grappling\nwith the effects of decades of conflict. Despite improvements in the overall security environment targeted violence,\nwidespread discrimination and human rights violations persist, especially against women, girls, and IDPs, returnees,\nhuman rights defenders, journalists, ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities. The de facto authorities (DfA)\nsevere restrictions have significantly impacted the lives of Afghan people, especially women, girls, and other\nvulnerable groups. These measures have effectively deprived the rights women and girls of their rights and\nfreedoms, excluding them from participation in social, civic, and public life. As protection and human rights\nconditions continue to deteriorate, access to education, employment, and healthcare remain severely limited for\nthese groups, depleting their ability to cope, diminishing their capacity for self-protection and leading many to\nresort to harmful coping mechanisms.\n\n\nArmed conflict and natural disasters have driven around 6.3 million people into protracted displacement, many of\nwhom have been displaced multiple times. The situation is compounded by about 3,406,161 Afghanis who returned\nfrom Iran, Pakistan, and Turkiye in 2024, which have placed additional strain on Afghanistan's already overstretched\nresources and capacities, creating social tensions as communities may compete for basic necessities. [i]\nSimultaneously, around 191,500 people living in nearly 600 informal settlements (ISETs) face high risks of eviction\ndue to DfA\u2019s efforts to relocate them to their places of origin and develop state-owned land, driving housing, land,\nand property (HLP) needs. Although active hostilities have decreased since the Taliban's takeover, Afghanistan\nremains heavily contaminated with explosive ordnance. As of December 2024, 269 districts still face risks from\nimprovised explosive devices, mines, and explosive remnants of war (ERW) and around 3.11 million people live\nwithin one km of identified contaminated areas. [ii]\n\n\nThe DfA's regulations and monitoring of UN organizations and international/national NGOs continue to disrupt the\nprompt delivery of humanitarian aid, depriving vulnerable groups and aid recipients from receiving critical and lifesaving assistance. On 30 December 2023, the Ministry of Economy issued a letter discouraging public awareness,\npeacebuilding, conflict resolution, advocacy activities and other activities categorised as \u201csoft activities.\u201d As a\nresult, 51% of organisations have reported difficulties in implementing awareness-raising projects in 2024. In\naddition, approval of MoUs has significantly been delayed by the DfA consequently impacting the implementation\nof programmes. [iii]\n\n\n**GOVERNANCE, LAWS AND POLICIES**\n\n\nSince their takeover in August 2021, the DfA have enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia law, imposing acute\nrestrictions on various aspects of life, such as the right to work, right to education, freedom of movement, freedom\nof expression, and freedom of thought, conscience and religion. These restrictions have particularly targeted\n\n\n_1 Number of returnees from Pakistan in 2024._\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Afghanistan HNRP 2024", - "confidence": 0.876266360282898, - "start": 80, - "end": 83 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8233267664909363, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9831259846687317, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9691376090049744, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7173748016357422, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghans", - "confidence": 0.6591848731040955, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nwomen and girls as they have gradually been removed from the workforce, education, and decision-making roles\nwhich has led to their near-complete disappearance from Afghan society.\n\n\nThe de facto Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice (MPVPV) and its provincial branches are\nresponsible for setting policies, providing advice, monitoring compliance, resolving complaints, and enforcing these\nlaws. Their goal is to promote virtue and prevent vice in line with the de facto authorities\u2019 interpretation of Islamic\nlaw. [iv] During the first years of the DfA governance, many decrees and guidelines were communicated orally or via\nsocial media, media interviews, and public announcements. [v] While the DfA still rules by decree, a formal legislative\nprocess has been established, requiring review board approval before presenting proposals to the supreme leader.\nDecrees are now published in public gazettes, as social media versions were difficult to verify. [vi] According to\nUNAMA, the provincial departments of the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice (DPVPVs) have also issued\ntheir own instructions in some case. [vii]\n\n\nOver the course of 2024, the DfA continued to issue decrees and directives. From July to December alone, at least\n15 new decrees and directives were introduced, many of which focus on enforcing social control, particularly\nregarding the rights of women and girls. Notable actions include the implementation of the Law on the Propagation\nof Virtue and Prevention of Vice (LPVPV), along with various decrees affecting access to education and access\nemployment and income generation. Other measures include a national-level ban on religious debates between\nscholars and students, a provincial-level restriction on women and girls entering parks, and a provincial-level\nprohibition on women and girls using smartphones. [ 2] To date, the DfA has not reversed any previous decree. [viii]\n\n\nOn 21 August 2024, the DfA issued the Law on the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice (PVPV law).' This\nlaw imposes severe personal conduct restrictions on Afghans, especially on women, and expanding powers of the\nde facto MPVPV staff, such as discretionary powers to review publications and information. [ix] The PVPV law codifies\nsome pre-existing restrictions, extends certain limitations, and introduces new ones. It formalizes specific dress\ncodes for women, men, girls, and boys such as the requirement for women to wear a hijab, cover their faces and\nhide their voices when outside their homes, imposition of beard and congregational prayers requirements for men.\nThe law also tightens restrictions on public behavior (bans music in public, prohibits the public display of animated\nobjects), and increases control over the media. While the Mahram requirement existed prior to the PVPV Law, its\ncodification introduces additional restrictions, including a ban on women and girls using public transport if they are\nnot properly covered or accompanied by an \u201c _an adult male who is a close relative and of sound mind_ .\u201d [x] The PVPV\nlaw has also heightened scrutiny on NGOs and their female staff, with de facto PVPV officials frequently visiting\noffices and project sites. For instance, as a result of restrictions on women humanitarian staff, 72% of NGOs\nreported that only male staff continue to work in their offices, and 27% indicated that women have left their\norganisations because of DfA decrees. Also 22% reported that the PVPV Law prevent women from going to work\nwhere they were previously able to. Regional centers like Kandahar, Nangarhar, Kabul, and Herat were identified\nby partners as the most impacted areas, with many respondents noting that restrictions were being enforced in\nboth urban and rural locations. [ xi] These gender-based restrictions and regulatory interference threaten to\nundermine fair and equal humanitarian support, endangering vital assistance to those in need. Additionally, the\nlaw has raised operational costs for NGOs, as they are forced to hire extra office space, transportation, and mahram\nfor female staff. The most recent development came on 26 December 2024, when the DfA issued a decision to\nrevoke the licenses of NGOs that continue to employ women across Afghanistan. This presents significant\nchallenges to service delivery, obstructing efforts to reach women and girls with essential aid, exacerbating their\nisolation, and undermining gender-sensitive responses and policies. The ramifications of this ban are far-reaching,\nseverely impacting the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance and the overall well-being of women and girls. [xii]\n\n\nAdditionally, on 2 December 2024, the DfA issued a new decree barring women and girls from attending private\nmedical institutions, including training programmes. It is also important to highlight that the ban on girls' education\n\n\n_[2 For a detailed analysis of the latest DfA decrees and directives see: ACAPS, Afghanistan, Third update on Taliban decrees and directives relevant to the](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20241224_ACAPS_Afghanistan_Third_update_on_Taliban_decrees_and_directives_.pdf)_\n_[humanitarian response (July\u2013December 2024](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20241224_ACAPS_Afghanistan_Third_update_on_Taliban_decrees_and_directives_.pdf)_ )\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nbeyond the 6 [th] grade remains in effect, denying at least 1.5 million girls their right to education. As a result, women\nand girls in Afghanistan now have no viable avenues to pursue careers or further their education.\n\n\nSimultaneously, the lack of inclusive policies and laws also significantly limits persons with disabilities from\naccessing education, employment, and social welfare services. The focus on visible and physical disabilities, along\nwith unequal entitlements, increases the obstacles they face in obtaining essential services and opportunities they\nrequire. [xiii]\n\n\n**INCREASING FLOODS, DROUGHTS AND OTHER CLIMATE-RELATED SHOCKS**\n\nAfghanistan is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, ranking among the countries most at risk from\nthe rising frequency, intensity, and severity of disasters. This exposes millions of people to severe losses in their\nlivelihoods and assets. In 2024, Afghanistan faced significant climate shocks and natural disasters that exacerbated\nthe vulnerabilities of its population, as the country is exposed to various natural hazards, including earthquakes,\ndroughts, floods, heavy snowfall, landslides, and avalanches with all 34 provinces affected by one or more of these\nevents in 2024. Climate disasters have now replaced conflict as the primary cause of people fleeing their homes\nand relocating within Afghanistan, [xiv] while the country is one of the least equipped to adapt to climate change. [xv]\n\n\nThe 2023/24 winter began with dry and warm conditions, but above-average spring rainfall caused widespread\nflooding. In 2024, floods made up 96% of all natural disasters, affecting 173,300 people (23,000 families). It\ndamaged or destroyed 20,000 homes, agricultural land, health facilities, schools, and irrigation systems. In April,\nfloods in the West, South, East, and Central regions impacted 1,590 families, causing 35 deaths and 47 injuries.\nOver 930 homes were damaged, along with 63,700 acres of agricultural land and at least 470 livestock were lost. [xvi]\nAdditionally, flooding also moved several explosive ordnance items from their original places in Baghlan and\nPaktika, which created new challenges for the communities. In July, flash floods and landslides affected 2,000\nfamilies in 29 districts across several provinces, resulting in 58 deaths and 380 injuries. Nangarhar Province,\nparticularly the Omari camp near the Torkham border, was heavily impacted, with 550 tents destroyed and\nessential facilities damaged. [xvii] Unfortunately, Afghan women's limited mobility has put them at much greater risk\nduring floods. GiHA situational report highlights that women and girls were trapped inside their homes when heavy\nrains led to flooding, while men, being outside and engaged in public life, were able to find shelter in more resilient\npublic buildings such as mosques. [xviii]\n\n\nAt the same time, in four of the last five years, Afghanistan has experienced consecutive drought-like conditions,\nseverely impacting people's ability to cope and leading to an unprecedented depletion of groundwater. [xix] Rising\ntemperatures are swiftly altering precipitation patterns across the country, further limiting access to water and\ndestroying the livelihoods of at-risk communities that depend on agriculture-based incomes for subsistence. In\nKandahar province, widespread drought has forced people to relocate after hundreds of wells and other water\nsources ran dry. [ xx] The ongoing effects of these extended droughts, combined with pre-existing vulnerabilities, are\nplacing significant strain on essential resources, livelihoods, and the overall resilience of already vulnerable\ncommunities.\n\n\nHarsh winter conditions, especially in mountainous regions such as Badakhshan and Ghazni, bring severe cold,\nheavy snowfall, and avalanches, isolating remote villages. Heavy snow falls have affected several provinces across\nAfghanistan in February and March 2024 with landslides and avalanches, disrupting services, blocking roads,\ndamaging to civilian infrastructures and livestock, and causing civilian casualties. The provinces most affected were\nBadghis, Badakhshan, Faryab, Jawzjan, Kandahar, Helmand and Sari Pul. [xxi] During this time, roof collapses,\nhypothermia, and respiratory illnesses increase, particularly among the older persons, pregnant women, children,\nand displaced people (e.g. IDPs, returnees) living in inadequate shelters. [xxii] This also heightens vulnerability for\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\npopulations already facing food insecurity. Experts have predicted that La Ni\u00f1a conditions would likely continue\nthrough January to March 2025 with a 70-80 percent chance. [ xxiii] This phenomenon typically leads to colder winters. [3]\n\n\nThe compounded impacts of climate shocks, exacerbated by climate change and environmental degradation, have\nincreased the vulnerability of groups such as women, girls, rural households, displaced populations, older persons,\nand those with disabilities. These groups face greater challenges due to pre-existing limitations in resources,\nhealthcare, decision-making power, and their ability to recover from climate-related disasters, leaving them more\nexposed to harm and with limited access to life-saving services. Additionally, climate change exacerbates genderbased violence, with forced marriages and domestic violence rising in some communities facing droughts and\nextreme weather, due to the loss of livelihoods and the destruction of property. [xxiv]\n\n\n**CROSS-BORDER RETURN MOVEMENTS FROM PAKISTAN AND IRAN**\n\n\nThe situation in Afghanistan is worsened by regional political dynamics in neighbouring Iran and Pakistan, as both\ncountries have pushed back Afghan nationals, including refugees and individuals in refugee-like situations (such as\nUNHCR slip holders and asylum seeker certificate holders) to Afghanistan. This has heightened the vulnerabilities\nof the returnee population, strained their coping capacities, and increased their exposure to protection risks.\n\n\nFollowing the announcement and implementation of the IFRP by the Government of Pakistan in the last quarter of\n2023, the number of returnees crossing official border points from Pakistan significantly increased starting in\nSeptember 2023, with the highest surge occurring in early November 2023. However, since January 2024, the flow\nof returnees has gradually decreased, although it remains considerably higher than levels seen before September\n2023. [4] Between 15 September 2023 and 31 December 2024, approximately 805,991 Afghans returned to\nAfghanistan from Pakistan, with 315,100 of them returning in 2024. Of the total 805,991 returnees, nearly 38,274\nwere deported, including around 8,954 in 2024. [xxv] Of the total returnees, 59% are children and 50% of the returnees\nare female, out of which 29% are girls, highlighting the significant presence of vulnerable women and children\namong the returning population. Although the influx from Pakistan has stabilized in recent months, the threat of\nfurther push back from Pakistan remains, with many undocumented Afghans being most at-risk. Returnees from\nPakistan cited multiple factors driving their decision to return to Afghanistan, primarily the serious protection\nconcerns, including fears of arrest and deportation, as well as instances of abuse by police or government officials.\n\n\nSimultaneously, the situation in Iran has worsened for undocumented Afghans. From January to December 2024,\nover 1.1 million undocumented Afghan nationals returned from Iran, of which 66 % were deported. [xxvi] This trend\nis expected to worsen in 2025 as the Iranian government\u2019s announced plans to deport up to 2 million Afghans by\nMarch 2025. This decision has already triggered a significant rise in the number of returnees, with approximately\n255,000 Afghans crossing into Afghanistan in September 2024 and more than 219,000 in October 2024.\nAdditionally, there are reports of deportations occurring without due process, leaving deportees with no\nopportunity to raise concerns about potential protection risks upon their return to Afghanistan. Only 957 returnees\nhave returned from Iran in 2024 through voluntary repatriation process. [xxvii]\n\n\nUpon arrival, many returnees struggle with limited resources and face challenges in meeting their basic needs and\naccessing essential services, including healthcare, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), WASH (water,\nsanitation, and hygiene), and legal aid. Many returnee households across regions expressed being exposed to\nmultiple risks including physical violence, harassment, threats, service denial, limited rights, discrimination, early\nmarriage, and abuses as well as explosive ordnance contamination. Returnees in Kandahar (43%), Takhar (24%),\nNangarhar (20%), and Khost (20%) reported experiencing physical violence and harassment. Also, some returnees\n\n\n3 _Several provinces across Afghanistan, such as Herat, Ghor, Bamyan, Sar-e-Pul and Badakhshan provinces have already experience heavy snowfall during the first week of January_\n_2025, with the closure of major transportation routes. See news media:_ _[AmuTV](https://amu.tv/category/afghanistan/)_\n_4 Prior the announcement, an average of around 260 undocumented Afghans were returning daily from Pakistan through Spin Boldak (Kandahar) and Torkham (Nangarhar) border_\n_[crossing points. See: UNHCR, Afghanistan Border Monitoring Report January-September 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112585#:~:text=UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Border%20Monitoring%20Report%20January%2DSeptember%202024%3A%20UNHCR's%20border,faced%20across%20official%20crossing%20points.)_\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nwho have outstanding debts fear for their safety if they are unable to repay their lenders, which may prevent them\nfrom returning to their communities. [ xxviii]\n\n\nThis ongoing large-scale movement of returnees has intensified the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, adding on\nthe existing 6.3 million internally displaced Afghans, many of whom live in the same areas, which lack the\ninfrastructure and resources to support such a large influx. The sheer number of returnees places significant strain\non Afghanistan\u2019s ability to provide necessary assistance, shelter, healthcare, and employment, further worsening\nthe living conditions for all Afghan, leading to social tensions between host communities and returnees. [xxix]\n\n##### Discrimination and Stigmatization \u2013 Denial of Resources, Opportunities, Services and/or Humanitarian Access\n\n\nIn Afghanistan, 2024 has seen ongoing challenges for marginalized groups, with discrimination and stigmatization\nbeing central barriers to accessing essential resources, opportunities, services, and humanitarian aid. Women, girls,\npersons with disabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, IDPs, returnees and other vulnerable groups are\ndisproportionately affected.\n\n\nWomen and girls in Afghanistan face systemic discrimination that permeates every aspect of their lives. Since the\ntakeover, the DfA have consistently undermined the fundamental rights and freedoms of women and girls, with\nthe issuance of more than 80 decrees and directives and discriminatory practices. [xxx] The PVPV law has now\nreinforced the control on what women and girls wear, limiting their freedom of movement and access to essential\nservices, denying them access to education and career opportunities, silencing their voices in public life and\nseverely obstructing the fulfillment of their basic human rights. Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) Protection\nmonitoring data highlights women and girls\u2019 continued impediments in accessing to basic services, including\nhealthcare, legal aid, and WASH facilities. Women-headed households are among the most vulnerable to being\ndenied access to essential services, followed by those led by persons with physical disabilities and older persons\nheads of household. Barriers to accessing services and humanitarian assistance include economic hardship, physical\ndistance, the absence of a mahram, lack of information, and the lack of identity documentation. Women-headed\nhouseholds account for over 10% of Afghanistan's population and face heightened vulnerability due to limited\nresources and fewer opportunities to overcome the ongoing discriminatory policies and practices that restrict their\nrights and opportunities. WoAA findings indicate that the income per household member in female-headed\nhouseholds dropped by 40% in 2024, from $26 (AFN 1,780) to $16 (AFN 1,062) compared to 16 % in male-headed\nhouseholds. [xxxi] What is more, in June 2024, a salary cap of AFN 5,000 (USD 70) was set for all female civil servants.\nIn July 2024, it the DfA clarified that the cap only affects women in the public sector who are not regularly attending\nwork due to DfA\u2019s restrictions. This policy further strains the financial stability of women already banned from\nworking since 2021. Women headed households will be the most affected, unable to rely on a male relative\u2019s\nincome. There is also the risk that more children may have to drop out of school to support their families, which\ncould exacerbate other protection risks such as child labour and early marriage. [xxxii] The renewed ban on NGO\nfemale staff will further hinder women and girls\u2019 access to critical and lifesaving humanitarian assistance. It reduces\ngender-sensitive support, isolates women and girls, and exacerbates their vulnerabilities by preventing\norganisations from addressing their specific needs.\n\n\nAfghanistan has one of the youngest populations globally, with around 63% of its people (27.5 million) under the\nage of 25, and 46% (11.7 million) under 15. This youth demographic faces numerous challenges, including limited\naccess to education, personal development, and meaningful participation, as well as high unemployment, poverty,\nchild marriage, early pregnancies, gender-based violence, and growing mental health issues, all exacerbated by\nlimited access to basic services. [xxxiii] Around 1.5 million secondary school-aged girls in Afghanistan are still out of\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nschool, which increases their vulnerability to discrimination and limits their opportunities. This educational\ndeprivation, along with the recent decree banning women and girls from attending private medical institutions [xxxiv],\nfurther restricts their access to crucial services and employment. As a result, they face heightened risks of early\nand forced marriage, while their economic and social marginalization continues to worsen, leaving them with few\nprospects for a career, independence, or a better future. Consequently, young people are increasingly vulnerable\nto harmful coping mechanisms, such as drug addiction, violent extremism, child labor, and economic exploitation.\nWithout opportunities for growth and engagement, many are at risk of falling into these destructive cycles, further\ndestabilizing their prospects.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities (PWD) in Afghanistan face severe discrimination, compounded by the absence of inclusive\npolicies and laws restricts their access to healthcare, education, social welfare and employment. According to the\nWoAA findings, households headed by persons with disabilities experience higher unemployment rates (10% vs.\n2% nationally) and child labour (31% vs.15% nationally). It is also reported higher levels of debt, with an average of\n$783 compared to the national average of $558. Additionally, they rely more on inadequate water and sanitation\nfacilities, reporting higher rates of protection incidents (32% vs. 22% nationally). [xxxv] APC protection monitoring data\nreveals that persons with disabilities encounter significant obstacles in accessing essential services, including\ndifficulties reaching facilities and service points due to accessibility issues, communication barriers, and negative\nsocietal attitudes. Consequently, they are frequently excluded from fully participating in public life. This situation\nis further exacerbated by limited support for persons with disabilities, stemming from restrictions on Organizations\nof Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) and considerable gaps in tailored services.\n\n\nInternally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees in Afghanistan face systemic challenges in accessing essential\nservices, including healthcare, education, employment opportunities, and legal protection. These challenges are\nparticularly severe for those who lack civil documentation. A significant portion of returnees and IDPs are\nunemployed (46%) or work as daily laborers (37%). Both groups face significant challenges in generating income to\nmeet their basic needs, a situation further compounded by Afghanistan's ongoing economic crisis. The competition\nfor resources and jobs between these economically vulnerable groups and host communities heightens the risk of\nsocial tensions. Some returnees have reported physical violence and harassment in Kandahar (43%), Takhar (24%),\nNangarhar (20%), Khost (20%). [xxxvi]\n\n\nEthnic and religious groups in Afghanistan continue to face violence, repression, discrimination, and\nmarginalization, reflecting historical trends. UNAMA has been reporting on ISKP attacks, notably against targeted\nminority communities, such as the Hazaras. Between January to September 2024, ISKP has claimed responsibility\nfor various incidents, often targeting Shi\u2019a Muslim communities. On 12 September, armed assailants hijacked a\nvehicle on the border between Ghor and Daikundi provinces, killing 14 Hazara Shi\u2019a men and injuring four. On 11\nAugust in Kabul's Dasht-e-Barchi area, an IED attack on a minibus killed one Hazara man and injured 13 others. The\nvictims were traveling to welcome Shi\u2019a Muslim pilgrims returning from Karbala, Iraq. [xxxvii]\n\n\nThe root cause of the exclusion and discrimination faced by women, girls, and other vulnerable groups lies in deeply\ningrained cultural and patriarchal norms, which place them at a disadvantage across all areas of life, including\neconomic, social, and political spheres. As a result, this has heightened the vulnerabilities and diminished the ability\nof these at-risk groups to cope with crises. To meet basic needs, many are resorting to harmful coping strategies\nsuch as borrowing money (31%), sending children to work (14%), engaging in hazardous labor (10%), skipping or\nreducing meals (10%), and selling assets (9%). Boys are particularly affected, often engaging in exploitative activities\nsuch as labour and sexual exploitation, drug abuse, criminal activities, and domestic servitude. Other extreme\ncoping strategies include early and forced marriage of daughters, begging, selling organs or children, and even\nsuicide ideation and suicide. Engagement with communities and strengthening their capacities have been a\nmitigation and prevention effective strategy.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n#### RISK 2 Presence of Mines and Other Explosive Ordnance\n\nDecades of conflict have resulted in Afghanistan having one of the highest levels of explosive ordnance (EO)\ncontamination globally, including landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW), unexploded ordnance (UXO). This\nextensive contamination significantly hampers the country's efforts toward recovery and stability. Explosive\nordnance contamination causes around 50 civilian casualties each month, with 80% of the victims being children\n(427 casualties out of 539 are children, most of them boys (362)). [xxxviii] Approximately 50% of the casualties from\nexplosive ordnance occurred\nwhile children were playing.\nAdditionally, 7% of these\nincidents occur during scrap\nmetal collection, a practice\nlinked to the country\u2019s escalating\npoverty and worsening economic\nconditions. The growing poverty\nhas also contributed to an\nincrease in child labour, with\nmany children working in\nhazardous conditions, including\ncollecting scrap metal for sale.\nThis practice makes it difficult to\ndistinguish between harmless\nscrap and live munitions, posing\nsignificant risks.\n\nAs of December 2024, there are\nover 5,145 EO contaminated\n\n_Explosive ordnance contamination across Afghanistan as of December 2024_\n\nareas across 1,713 communities\nand 269 districts in Afghanistan, covering a total of 1,150 square kilometres, including areas close to educational\ninstitutions and water sources. Approximately 3.1 million people are living within one km of identified\ncontaminated areas. The most contaminated provinces are Helmand, Kandahar, Logar, Ghazni, and Maidan\nWardak. Additionally, unexploded remnants of war (ERW) from previous conflicts, which are not included in the\nmine action database, could be found in any district.\n\nThese explosive remnants not only result in injury and death but also present a specific danger to people dependent\non agriculture for their livelihoods, including farmers, shepherds, and herders, as well as displaced communities.\nThey obstruct access to critical resources such as agricultural land, water sources, and roads, impeding economic\nrecovery and preventing the safe return of displaced population. [xxxix] Returnees are especially vulnerable to the\ndangers posed by explosive hazards due to their long absence from Afghanistan, with many having been born\noutside the country. Many are living in the most contaminated areas, especially in Kandahar and Helmand, which\nare hosting a high number of returnees. Their unfamiliarity with conflict-affected regions and explosive\ncontamination, coupled with the urgent need to resettle and reestablish livelihoods, heightens their exposure to\nthese risks.\n\nFindings of the APC protection monitoring indicate that more than half of the respondents reported that\ncontaminated areas are not marked. Households surveyed highlighted that explosive ordnance prevents\ncommunities from grazing their animals, playing safely, working on agricultural land, accessing services and schools\nand collecting water. Indeed, the circumstances surrounding explosive ordnance incidents vary. In some cases,\nchildren accidentally step on landmines or pick up explosive remnants near their homes, where they play, attend\nschool, or assist their families with tasks such as grazing animals, gathering livestock feed in the fields, or collecting\nfirewood.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "APC protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9991484880447388, - "start": 474, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Households", - "confidence": 0.73542720079422, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nDespite the significant reduction of active conduct of hostilities across the country, targeted improvised explosive\ndevice (IED) attacks in populated areas continue to pose a considerable threat to civilians. The Islamic State of\nKhorasan (ISK), remains a significant menace, having carried out nearly a dozen attacks between January and\nOctober 2024. These incidents resulted in injuries to approximately 170 civilians across various provinces, including\nBamyan, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, and Nangarhar. [xl]\n\nThe presence of mines and unexploded ordnance continues to have severe and far-reaching consequences across\nthe country. It limits people\u2019s ability to move safely and with dignity, disrupting their access to essential services\nand basic needs, including water and education. It exacerbates food insecurity, undermines livelihoods, and\ncontributes to both physical and psychological trauma. Furthermore, these hazardous areas pose significant risks\nto humanitarian assistance and its workers, hindering the timely delivery of aid to those in need.\n\nAccording to APC protection monitoring data, 62% of respondents are unaware of where or to whom they should\nreport the presence of explosive ordnance. Among those who do know, most report mines and explosive ordnance\nto community leaders (69%), while 26% report them to demining organisations. Investment into work with\ncommunities is critical, building on their capacities.\n\n#### RISK 3 Gender-Based Violence\n\nThe situation of gender-based violence (GBV) in Afghanistan is worsening, with the number of individuals requiring\nsupport rising from 13.3 million in 2024 to 14.2 million in 2025. However, obtaining accurate data on GBV is\nchallenging due to unreported cases, often driven by stigma, lack of trust in systems, and limited access to support\nservices. GBV manifests in various forms, including physical assault, forced labour, sexual violence, child abuse, and\neconomic and psychological violence, such as withholding alimony or depriving women of inheritance. Women,\nincluding women headed-households, children, especially girls, displaced women, women with disabilities, as well\nas religious ethnic, sexual and gender minorities are at high risk of GBV. [xli]\n\n\nIn many Afghan households, children frequently endure physical punishment, such as slapping, verbal\nmistreatment, punching, kicking, and being hit with objects like thin sticks, electrical cords, and shoes. [xlii] Children\nremain victims of rape, sexual violence, and harmful practices, including _bacha bazi_ _[5]_ and child, early, and forced\nmarriages. The prevalence of early, forced, and child marriages among girls is alarmingly high and is on the rise.\nFear of forced marriage to the Taliban is driving families across the country to marry off their young daughters as\na means of protection. Additionally, economic hardships are prompting families to use marriage as a strategy to\nalleviate financial burdens. [xliii] Since the DfA took control in August 2021, the already widespread gender-based\nviolence against Afghan women and girls, including intimate partner and domestic violence, has escalated, further\nintensified by women and girls\u2019 confinement to their home. [xliv]\n\n\nThe origins of gender-based violence (GBV) in Afghanistan are deeply rooted in patriarchal cultural norms, historical\nconflict, political and legal failures. Traditional gender roles, where women are seen as subordinate to men, foster\nan environment where GBV is normalized, especially in rural areas. Decades of war have weakened social structures\nand protective systems, while the return of the Taliban in 2021 has further entrenched discriminatory policies that\nlimit women's rights and access to justice. [xlv]\n\n\nThe economic decline, the subsequent rise in poverty and food insecurity in Afghanistan after August 2021, along\nwith repeated climatic shocks and displacement have weakened the population's capacities and have caused more\npeople to turn to harmful coping mechanisms. This has heightened the vulnerability of women and children,\nespecially girls, to sexual violence. Underage and forced marriages have emerged as a coping mechanism in\nresponse to the crisis. In urban areas, some local attitudes have shifted towards younger marriage ages as girls are\n\n\n5 OHCHR, HRC 43RD Session, February- March 2020, Report of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Situation of human rights in Afghanistan, and technical\nassistance achievements in the field of human rights:\n_Bacha Bazi: A harmful practice whereby boys are exploited by wealthy or powerful men for entertainment, particularly for dancing and sexual activities. It is criminalized in the_\n_revised Penal Code, which came into effect in February 2018._\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nbarred from attending school, universities, and working, and are restricted from leaving their homes without a\nmahram. [xlvi] The prohibition of girls\u2019 education is a key driver of child, early, and forced marriages, compounded by\nthe loss of employment opportunities. If the Taliban\u2019s restrictions on the right to education continue, statistical\nprojections suggest a 25% increase in the rate of child marriage among Afghan girls. [xlvii] Child marriage has been\nproven to result in significant adverse effects for girls, including increased likelihood of domestic violence,\nrestricted access to reproductive health services and education.\n\n\nThe DfA\u2019s discriminatory restrictions have not only diminished women\u2019s autonomy and economic independence\nbut also eroded the legal and protective systems designed to address gender-based violence, hindering women\nand girls in accessing justice and seeking redress. The DfA disbanded the Department for the Elimination of Violence\nAgainst Women and other entities that previously provided justice for survivors of gender-based violence. [xlviii]\nAdditionally, informal dispute resolution systems, typically ruled by men, have discouraged women from pursuing\njustice and seeking remedies, especially in cases of divorce or gender-based violence. The lack of women in\ncommunity governance and dispute resolution bodies, such as shuras, further restricts survivors of GBV from\naccessing opportunities for justice and redress. [xlix] UN Women nationwide consultations from July 2024 emphasize\nthat some women reported being excluded from the proceedings, required a male consent to move forward, or\nhad to pay significant amounts of money to advance their cases. [l]\n\n\nReporting gender-based violence (GBV) exposes survivors to significant risks, including social rejection, where they\nmay face stigmatization and isolation from their communities and may be accused of \"moral crimes,\" such as\n\"running away,\" as a result of reporting their abuse. Additionally, survivors may be forcibly evicted from their\nhomes, leaving them without shelter and support. In some cases, they may also face the threat of losing custody\nof their children, further compounding their vulnerability and making it even harder for them to seek help or escape\nabuse. [li] Some women emphasized that the fear of potential retaliation or loss of honour within their communities\nposed further barriers to accessing justice. [lii] This forced many women and girls to return to their abusers or remain\nin situations where they were at risk of experiencing gender-based violence. Consequently, many GBV cases go uninvestigated, and perpetrators operate with little fear of legal consequences, as societal and legal systems fail to\nhold them accountable.\n\n\nUN Women nationwide consultations also highlight that 54% percent of women respondents reported limited or\nno access to safe spaces or women\u2019s shelters. Due to DfA\u2019s restrictions many protection centers have shut down,\nleading to a sharp decline in critical GBV services. The PVPV law\u2019s stringent mahram requirement further hinders\nwomen and girls\u2019 access to essential services such as healthcare, including gender-based violence (GBV) services. [liii]\n\n##### Unlawful Impediments and/or Restrictions to Freedom of Movement, Forced Displacement and threats of forced eviction\n\nIn 2024, Afghanistan continued to grapple with severe challenges related to freedom of movement, forced\ndisplacement, and threats of forced evictions. One of the most significant violations of freedom of movement in\nAfghanistan is the enforcement of gender-based restrictions, particularly affecting women and girls. The new PVPV\nlaw codifies the mahram requirement, enforced since the DfA takeover in August 2021. Women and girls will be\nsubject to greater scrutiny. [liv] In addition, the PVPV Law bans women from using public transportation unless they\nare \u201cproperly covered\u201d and accompanied by a \u201can adult male who is a close relative and of sound mind.\u201d [lv] This\nregulation further restricts women's mobility and is especially detrimental to women-headed households and\nwidows without a male relative, further hindering their access to essential services and humanitarian assistance,\nthereby exacerbating their vulnerability. What is more, two provincial decrees were issued banning women and\ngirls from entering parks. On 13 July 2024, the MPVPV in Faryab reintroduced a ban on women visiting three parks\nin Gurziwaan district. Similarly, on 18 September 2024, the MPVPV in Balkh province enforced a comparable\nrestriction on parks in both the capital and nearby districts. These measures were justified as a means to prevent\ninteraction between men and women in public spaces. [lvi] Furthermore, In Kandahar, the Department of Public\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nHealth issued a letter on 1 September 2024 requiring female hospital staff to be accompanied by a mahram when\ntraveling to and from work. A similar letter was sent in Helmand province, to an INGO-run hospital, mandating that\nfemale patients must also be accompanied by a mahram to enter. Additionally, in various areas of the country\nsome taxi drivers did not accept to transport women without a mahram due to stricter enforcement of the\nrequirement under the new PVPV law. [lvii]\n\nThe UN Women nationwide consultations of July 2024 revealed that about 69% of women surveyed felt \"not safe\nat all\" going outside alone, while only 13% felt unsafe when accompanied by a mahram. Restrictions on public\nspace access have severely impacted the mental health of women surveyed, with increased depression, aggression\nand anxiety, intensifying their sense of exclusion. [lviii]\n\n\nAt the same time, the risk of forced displacement remains high, driven by cross-border returns and deportations\nto Afghanistan, and rising threats of evictions. Although Pakistan has extended the deadline for Afghan Proof of\nRegistration card holders until June 2025, putting on hold a second wave of returnees, this influx continues to strain\nvulnerable host communities, placing pressure on already limited services in areas of return, especially in terms of\naccess to services and protection, for both IDP and host communities. [lix] The competition for scarce resources\nincreases the risk of social tensions. The APC protection monitoring data indicates that 16,5% of households\nsurveyed face rent disputes, and 13% threat of forced eviction. Women and girls, particularly those living in\ninadequate or non-functional shelters, face increased eviction risks compounded by the fact that their names\nappear on less than 5% of land documents. [lx] These settlements are primarily located near urban centres, where\nmany IDP families reside in inadequate shelters with limited access to basic services and insecure land tenure,\nincreasing their risk of eviction. These areas have also seen a significant influx of recent returnees from Pakistan,\nespecially in Kabul, Kandahar, Nangarhar Herat, and Balkh provinces. By October 2024, approximately 191,500\npeople are living in nearly 600 informal settlements (mostly in Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar, Ghazni and Uruzgan) and\nare at high risk of eviction due to government initiatives to return them to their places of origin and develop state\nland. Settlements in high-value urban areas, such as Kabul, Kandahar, and Mazar-e-Sharif, are especially vulnerable\nto eviction. In June 2024, 800 families (around 5\u2019600 individuals) have been evicted from ISET PD8 in Kabul,\nexacerbating their existing vulnerabilities and facing uncertainty for their future. The eviction has forced families\nto make tough decision, with some selling their belongings to hire a truck and relocate to their place of origin or\nother settlements. [lxi]\n\n\nPeople face forced eviction due to government policies, insecure tenure, and land disputes in the aftermath of\nconflict. Already in July 2022, the DfA announced plans to relocate residents of 47 KIS sites, claiming displaced\npeople must return to their places of origin. Many, however, have lived there for years and have no safe place to\nreturn. The APC protection monitoring data indicates that more than half of IDPs respondents (53.5%) intend to\nintegrate in their current location, 19,8% do not know what they intend to do and 15.8 % are not sure yet. Only\n5.8% plan to move onward and 5.1% wish to return. For those intending to integrate, reasons include access to\nbetter economic and education opportunities, family, safety, friends, relatives, access to humanitarian assistance\nand social cohesion.\n\n\nEvictees often experience heightened vulnerability as they lose their homes, assets, and income, disrupting their\nlivelihoods. This instability exposes them to health issues like stress, anxiety, and physical illnesses. Multiple\ndisplacement also erodes social support, disrupts education, and results in the loss of identity and culture, making\nit harder for IDPs and returnees to cope in the long term. [lxii] The unlawful restrictions on movement, coupled with\nthe threats of displacement and eviction, have created a climate of intense insecurity for many Afghans. Without\naccess to basic services, legal protections, and safe shelter, they are left vulnerable and marginalized.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nIn 2024, the lack of civil documentation remained a significant challenge, affecting millions of individuals across\nAfghanistan. Years of conflict, political instability, and displacement have led to widespread gaps in civil\nregistration, leaving many people without essential documents such as birth certificates, Tazkiras (national ID\ncards), marriage certificates and death certificates. Vulnerable groups, such as women, children, internally\ndisplaced persons, ethnic or religious minorities, nomadic are disproportionately affected as they often face\nadditional barriers to obtaining the necessary documentation. APC protection monitoring data reveals that more\nthan half of households surveyed have at least one member lacking essential civil documentation, such as an\nelectronic Tazkira (28,6%), passport (20%), paper Tazkira (16.8%), birth certificate (13.2%), or marriage certificate\n(13%), with most having never been able to obtain these documents. Barriers to access civil documentation include\ninsufficient financial resources, lack of information, issues with online applications and long and unclear\nprocedures. This lack of documentation particularly impacts women (25.2%) and children (46.2%), girls (24.4%) and\nboys (21.8%). Several factors, including displacement status, gender, and education levels, are linked to limited\naccess to documentation. Women face restrictions such as the mahram requirement and limited access to\nregistration offices occupied by men. This situation is worse for women headed households, including widows, as\nthey may not account for male family member and must seek representation through a community representative\n_(malik)_ to acquire confirmation to be able to request identity documents. [lxiii] Without civil and legal documentation,\nwomen headed households face even greater barriers in accessing essential services and humanitarian assistance,\nfurther isolating them from healthcare, education, and social support.\n\nDisplaced persons and returnees often lack documentation that has been missing for generations and face\nsignificant financial and logistical barriers to obtaining it. Children rely on their father\u2019s Tazkira for legal identity\nand without a Tazkira, children cannot enroll into school. This is worse for unaccompanied minors. Ethnic and\nreligious minorities express concerns over their ethnicity and religion being disclosed in the e-Tazkira, fearing it\nmay result in violence and discrimination. Nomadic communities struggle with a long-standing lack of\ndocumentation and frequent movement, making it difficult to trace lineage and secure the necessary witnesses. [lxiv]\n\n\nDecades of conflict have undermined governance, causing irregularities in birth registrations and the issuance of\ncivil and legal documents. Following August 2021, domestic laws governing civil registration were suspended. The\nprocess of obtaining documentation has been further obstructed by expensive fees, the need to travel long\ndistances to registration centres, and bureaucratic hurdles, all compounded by the ongoing humanitarian crisis,\npoverty, and displacement. The absence of formal documentation severely limits individuals' ability to access basic\nrights and services, including healthcare, education, and legal protections along with the overall capacity for\neconomic self-sufficiency, reintegration, and sustainable durable solutions.\n\n\nInsecurity of tenure is another pervasive issue across Afghanistan in 2024, closely linked to the challenges in\nsecuring legal documentation. The lack of civil documentation, such as birth certificates, Tazkira, or legal proof of\nland ownership, prevents these individuals from asserting their housing, land, and property (HLP) rights. Many\nindividuals, especially protracted IDPs and returnees, live in informal settlements without formal property rights\nor legal agreements, leaving them at constant risk of eviction. Women, children, older persons, people with\ndisabilities, and ethnic or religious minorities, are particularly affected, as they often lack the documentation\nneeded to secure stable housing or legal protection. Access to justice and remedies for individuals dealing with\nhousing, land, and property (HLP) issues, including forced evictions, remained particularly constrained in\nAfghanistan. The absence of a legal framework for Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) administration, coupled with\nambiguity surrounding the enforcement of property law since 2021, further exacerbates the risks faced by these\nvulnerable groups. The lack of a strong legal framework has compelled many individuals to turn to informal dispute\nresolution methods, such as local councils (shuras) and religious leaders, which often suffer from inconsistency and\na lack of transparency.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "APC protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9958935976028442, - "start": 104, - "end": 108 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9940567016601562, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.815727174282074, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9628428816795349, - "start": 114, - "end": 115 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "birth registrations", - "confidence": 0.9120906591415405, - "start": 480, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9333667755126953, - "start": 592, - "end": 593 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\nIn 2024, the Protection Cluster reached 80% of the target population with protection services across all districts. The\ncluster engaged in strategic efforts including the development of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Centrality\nof Protection strategy, the Protection Cluster Strategy 2025-2027 and its Advocacy Strategy 2025-2027, including\nrespective action plans. The cluster also actively engaged with different de facto line ministries at the Kabul level,\nincluding Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA), Ministry of Repatriation and Refugees (MoRR), and Ministry\nof Economy (MoE). Also engaged are donors on a quarterly basis with the HCT and the Inter-Cluster Coordination\nTeam (ICCT) on protection issues. Protection monitoring tools, dashboard, and reporting systems were revised, and\nare currently being rolled out. The cluster also developed guidance for safe referrals in emergencies, Cash for\nProtection SOPs, and data protection and information-sharing protocol. Services mapping was updated and\nharmonized coordination was strengthened through recruitment and capacity-strengthening efforts, including\ntraining of sub-national coordinators, Protection Cluster partners, as well as training protection mainstreaming and\nintegration for health and FSAC sub-national coordinators. Monthly learning sessions were also conducted, covering\nover six key protection topics and reaching over 1600 persons. It also developed the Protection Analysis Updates\n(PAU) and thematic reports on displacement, returns, and safety in areas of return, in collaboration with ACAPS. The\nCluster contributed to emergency responses, including floods, returnee needs, and winterization efforts, and\nadvocated for AHF funding for civil documentation and legal assistance.\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\nIn 2024, the DfA issued 135 directives impacting the humanitarian response in Afghanistan, while 1421 access\nincidents were reported, with the majority involving interference in humanitarian activities. In December alone, 11\ndirectives, including a reminder letter on the female ban by the Ministry of Economy, were issued across various\nregions. These included requests for staff lists, illegal taxation, occupation of facilities or assets, delays in MoU\nsignings, restrictions on women\u2019s participation, and interference in beneficiary selection and procurement. Violence\nalso affected the response, with three aid workers killed, three injured, 128 arrested, and 236 gender dynamics\nrelated incidents reported, compromising the safety of humanitarian personnel. [ lxv] Despite these challenges, the\nProtection Cluster maintained engagement with de facto authorities to improve protection understanding and\npartners pursued local negotiations, including financial incentives for the mahram requirement, separate\nworkspaces, and designated distribution times for men and women to preserve operational space, albeit at\nadditional costs.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\nWhile the protection cluster has reached 80% of the targeted people with services delivered in all districts across\nAfghanistan. In 31 districts, partners reached a total of less than 20,000 people in total. This is an average of 600\npeople per district. This is even though in 28 districts, partners delivered more than three activities in each of the\ndistricts with some districts receiving about seven different services. It is in only three districts where only one\nservice was delivered. This limited coverage needs to be urgently addressed.\n\nAcross all areas, there is a critical need for PSS, legal aid and civil documentation, case management, and specialized\nprotection services.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\nThe following measures should be taken by all humanitarian agencies in Afghanistan and donors to reduce the\nexposure to and mimgate the impact associated with the protecmon risks idenmfied in this analysis:\n\n\n - Make consistent use of gender, age and disability-inclusive approaches when providing assistance to those\naffected by the idenmfied protecmon risks;\n\n - Ensure sustained delivery of protecmon services through mulm-year programmes;\n\n - Priorimze mulm-year and mulm-sectoral funding, including for namonal partners/local NGOs.\n\n\nDiscrimination and Stigmatization \u2013 Denial of Resources, Opportunities, Services and/or\nHumanitarian Access\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Strengthen collaborative engagement at the highest level of the DfA to advocate for increased space for protection and\nthe unimpeded access of all protection responders to all population groups, with a particular focus on women, girls,\npersons living with disabilities and other vulnerable groups.\n\n - Advocate for inclusive policies that address the needs of marginalized groups, especially women as well as minority\ngroups, with focus on education for girls.\n\n - Strengthen the knowledge and skills of humanitarian partners and relevant ministries for improved access and delivery\nof services.\n\n - Enhance assessments considering age/sex and disability for improved data collection and analysis, guiding programming\nand advocacy.\n\n - Enhance integration of programs targeting women and girls, including into livelihood interventions. Strengthen referral\namong service providers to enable the most vulnerable groups effective access to services.\n\n - Increase support and advocacy for young people to enable them to identify and address harmful coping strategies.\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n- Strengthen joined up UN and INGO engagement with the DfA and advocate for increased acceptance of protection\nservices, the unimpeded access of protection responders to all communities and to ensure equitable and inclusive access\nfor vulnerable populations.\n\n- Enhance multi-sectoral, integrated programming to address the full spectrum of vulnerabilities in implementation of the\nHNRP 2025.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Engage with the DfA on the impact of access restrictions and advocate for solutions to improve humanitarian reach.\n\n- Support area-based vulnerability assessments at the district level especially in districts with high numbers of returnees to\nunderstand regional needs and target interventions more effectively.\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n - In 2025, collaborate with humanitarian agencies to implement mine clearance and other prevention and response\ninitiatives.\n\n\n**Humanitarian community**\n\n\n - Integrate EO risk education in all projects as part of implementing the 2025 HNRP.\n\n - Ensure victim assistance programs are accessible to all, regardless of gender, age, or disability.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n - Encourage peer education among communities where individuals affected by unexploded ordinance may give\ninformative sessions within their communities about EO risks.\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - The HCT to recommend integration of demining and other mine prevention and response initiatives in fundraising\nopportunities.\n\n - The HC/HCT to coordinate with UNAMA Mine Action and UNMAS to raise resources for mine initiatives.\n\n - Adequate funding to be allocated for EO assessment and clearance during the project\u2019s design phase, ensuring that any\nEO risks are addressed early on, enabling safer and more efficient project execution.\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - With the decline in funding, the donor community is strongly urged to enhance and sustain their funding to support mine\naction services.\n\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - Sustain advocacy with the DfA to rescind the bans on women and girls including education of girls.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Advocate with the DfA to allow implementation of programs aimed at enhancing the protection and empowerment of\nwomen and girls. Conduct comprehensive GBV analysis to understand the root causes and develop tailored interventions\naccordingly.\n\n - Strengthen referral pathways to ensure survivors have access to timely, safe, and quality GBV services.\n\n - Develop and strengthen protocols for responding to GBV incidents, including investigations, disciplinary actions, and case\nmanagement.\n\n - Engage men in prevention efforts using contextualized messaging and a community-led approach at the community level\nby largely targeting community leaders.\n\n - Prioritize support for young, displaced women, adolescents, and girls, ensuring disability inclusion.\n\n - Integrate information sharing/messaging on GBV and community mobilization for GBV prevention and response in other\nprograms.\n\n - Design and implement economic empowerment programs targeting survivors to regain financial independence.\n\n - Encourage multi-sectoral, integrated programming to address the needs of all genders and reduce family vulnerabilities,\nin collaboration with BHN partners.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n - Enhance advocacy with the DfA to rescind all bans on women and girls, especially the PVPV law.\n\n - Support research on access to justice especially for women and girls.\n\n\nUnlawful Impediments and/or Restrictions to Freedom of Movement, Siege and Forced\nDisplacement\n\n\n**HC /HCT**\n\n\n- Engage the DfA to remove legal barriers, including discriminatory laws that limit female lawyers from practicing, that\nhinder access to property rights, especially for women and groups at risk\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Advocate for the identification and removal of legal barriers, including discriminatory laws, that prevent access to property\nrights.\n\n\nPage 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n- Re-emphasize the need to abide by international human rights laws, legislation against forced evictions and nondiscriminatory policies with the DfA to address evictions.\n\n- Support legal aid and access to services for unaccompanied minors and adolescents to resolve disputes and access issues.\n\n- Conduct legal rights training with DFA while maintaining observance of humanitarian principles.\n\n- Advocate for legal safeguards with donors and support agencies offering legal aid, awareness campaigns, and mediation\nefforts.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Engage the DfA to remove all impediments that limit access to services.\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n- Strengthen coordination mechanisms between DfA and HLP partners on key programmatic areas:\n\n`o` Access to HLP documents for vulnerable groups.\n\n`o` Enhanced resolution mechanisms for vulnerable groups engaged in land conflicts.\n\n`o` Communal HLP strengthening initiatives in informal settlements and areas of return.\n\n`o` Integrated HLP programmes that link humanitarian aims to longer-term outcomes, including climate\nresilience, enhanced livelihoods, and access to critical services.\n\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - To lead efforts to address legal constraints by engaging with the DfA for building the institutions and capacity needed to\nprovide legal and civil documentation services.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Strengthen provision of legal aid services and implement public awareness campaigns to provide communities with\nnecessary information about their rights and available legal resources.\n\n- Provide cash assistance and support for the issuance of civil documents, including facilitation for the most vulnerable\nespecially women, children, and children with disabilities.\n\n- Update service mapping to identify gaps in legal aid providers and advocate for additional funding and support to address\nthese gaps.\n\n\n**BHN PARTNERS AND DONORS**\n\n\n- Mobilize resources to provide nationwide services to the population while strengthening institutional capacity in-country\nfor long-term sustainability.\n\n- Donors to support BHN partners to build local institutions and offer legal and civil documentation services.\n\n\nPage 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThis publication was done in collaboration with ACAPS and thanks to the contribution of the Protection Cluster and some\npartners. The analysis is based on both quantitative and qualitative data from existing secondary data sources, protection\nassessments and reports covering events from January to December 2024, including data from key country-wide protection\nmonitoring tools e.g. the Afghanistan Protection Monitoring tool, and in consultation with Areas of Responsibility, Protection\nCluster Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) members and sub-national coordinators.\n\n**Limitations**\nData collection and case management have proven to be challenging for humanitarian protection services due to ongoing\ninterference and restrictions from the DfA, particularly regarding the hiring of women staff, the mahram requirement, and\naccess to women community members. These operational constraints and challenges affect the level of protection data that\ncan be collected and used in understanding protection risks. In addition, some issues are perceived highly sensitive, therefore\nthe data gathered may not offer a definitive assessment of the extent of the protection risks.\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n**Valerie Svobodova -** **[svobodov@unhcr.org|](mailto:svobodov@unhcr.org)**\n**Stephen Katende -** **[stephen.katende@nrc.no](mailto:stephen.katende@nrc.no)**\n\n\nPage 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.9010840654373169, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9919048547744751, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9894819259643555, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection data", - "confidence": 0.9598535299301147, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\n_[i Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group (GiHA), Gender Alert: Returns from Iran and Pakistan, July 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-alert-returns-iran-and-pakistan-29-july-2024)_\n\n_[ii UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n\n_iii Afghanistan Humanitarian Access Working Group (HAWG)\u2013GiHA survey Round 9, 2024_\n\n_[iv UNAMA, De Facto Authorities\u2019 Moral Oversight in Afghanistan: Impacts on Human Rights, July 2024](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/moral_oversight_report_english_final.pdf)_\n\n_v UN Security Council, The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security, January 2022, para. 6 ; ACAPS, Afghanistan: Taliban_\n_[directives and decrees affecting human rights and humanitarian actors, April 2023 ; UNAMA, De Facto Authorities\u2019 Moral Oversight in Afghanistan: Impacts](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/moral_oversight_report_english_final.pdf)_\n_[on Human Rights, July 2024](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/moral_oversight_report_english_final.pdf)_\n\n_[vi CTC Sentinel, Rahimi, H. and Watkins, A., Taliban Rule at 2.5 Years, January 2024 ; Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stiftung,](https://ctc.westpoint.edu/taliban-rule-at-2-5-years/)_\n\n_[Afghanistan: Ruling by Decree, April 2024](https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/importedFiles/2024/04/11/ruling-by-decree-hbs-afpak_0.pdf)_\n\n_[vii UNAMA, De Facto Authorities\u2019 Moral Oversight in Afghanistan: Impacts on Human Rights, July 2024](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/moral_oversight_report_english_final.pdf)_\n\n_[viii ACAPS, Afghanistan, Third update on Taliban decrees and directives relevant to the humanitarian response (July\u2013December 2024) ;](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20241224_ACAPS_Afghanistan_Third_update_on_Taliban_decrees_and_directives_.pdf)_\n\n_ix Ibid ;_ _[Global Protection Cluster, Global Protection Update November 2024 ;](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/gpu_2024_november_2024_final.pdf)_ _[GiHA, Humanitarian Access Working Group, Tracking Impact Report on The Ban](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/tracking-impact-report-ban-and-other-restrictions-women-ngos-ingos-and-un-ninth-snapshot-september-2024)_\n_[and Other Restrictions on Women for NGOs, INGOs and UN - Ninth snapshot (September 2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/tracking-impact-report-ban-and-other-restrictions-women-ngos-ingos-and-un-ninth-snapshot-september-2024)_\n\n_[x Ibid ; Afghanistan Analysts Network, The Official Gazette, Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice Law, August 2024 ; UNAMA, Update on the human](https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/Law-on-Virtue-and-Vice-Basic.pdf)_\n_[rights situation in Afghanistan: July-September 2024 Update](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/english_-_unama_-_update_on_hr_situation_in_afghanistan_-_july-sept_2024.pdf)_\n\n_[xi GiHA, Humanitarian Access Working Group, Tracking Impact Report on The Ban and Other Restrictions on Women for NGOs, INGOs and UN - Ninth snapshot](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/tracking-impact-report-ban-and-other-restrictions-women-ngos-ingos-and-un-ninth-snapshot-september-2024)_\n_[(September 2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/tracking-impact-report-ban-and-other-restrictions-women-ngos-ingos-and-un-ninth-snapshot-september-2024)_\n\n_[xii UN, UN News, 31st December 2024](https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/12/1158651)_\n\n_[xiii UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n\n_xivxiv Ibid._\n\n_[xv INFORM INDEX, INFORM Report 2024 ; Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative, Country Index, 2024](https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/)_\n\n_[xvi UNOCHA, Afghanistan Floods Update 17 April 2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-floods-update-floods-hit-central-central-highlands-northern-northeastern-southern-and-western-regions-afghanistan-17-april-2024)_\n\n_[xvii UNOCHA, Afghanistan: Humanitarian Update, July 2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-update-july-2024)_\n\n_[xviii GiHA, Gender Alert- Floods in Northeastern region of Afghanistan, May 2024 ; AfghanAid, The impacts of natural disasters in Afghanistan are not gender](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-alert-floods-northeastern-region-afghanistan)_\n_[neutral,2024 ; Afghanistan Protection Analysis Update July-December 2023](https://www.afghanaid.org.uk/news/the-gendered-impacts-of-natural-disasters-in-afghanistan)_\n\n_[xix UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n\n_[xx Save the Children, Afghanistan: extreme weather forces more people from their homes in the first six months of 2024 than all 2023.](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-extreme-weather-forces-more-people-their-homes-first-six-months-2024-all-2023)_\n\n_[xxi IFRC, AFG: Cold Wave - 02-2024 - Extreme Weather](https://go.ifrc.org/emergencies/6898/details)_\n\n_[xxii HNRP; WFP, video post on X on WFP delivery during harsh winters, 2nd January 2025](https://x.com/WFP_Afghanistan/status/1874673963462447380)_\n\n_[xxiii UNOCHA: Afghanistan: 2024 ICCT Winter Prioritisation - September 2024 (Issued 9 September 2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-2024-icct-winter-prioritisation-september-2024-issued-9-september-2024#:~:text=As%20of%20September%202024%2C%20Clusters,of%20warm%20clothes%20and%20blankets.)_\n\n_[xxiv IOM and Samuel Hall Research Brief: Displacement Trends and Challenges in Afghanistan since 2021 - Climate Change, 2022](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/6384ba316046e475079de2f9/1669642840817/IOM+RADA+_Climate+Change.pdf)_\n\n_[xxv UNHCR data portal, Situations, Afghanistan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/afghanistan)_\n\n_[xxvi IOM, Story: Every Step of Resilience: The Unwavering Spirit of Afghans Navigating Life Through Crises, December 2024](https://roasiapacific.iom.int/stories/every-step-resilience-unwavering-spirit-afghans-navigating-life-through-crises)_\n\n_[xxvii UNHCR, Afghanistan Border Monitoring Report January-September 2024](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/112585#:~:text=UNHCR%20Afghanistan%20Border%20Monitoring%20Report%20January%2DSeptember%202024%3A%20UNHCR's%20border,faced%20across%20official%20crossing%20points.)_\n\n_[xxviii UNOCHA, Multi-Sectoral Rapid Needs Assessment of Afghan returnees, April 2024 ; ADSP, Samuel Hall, Briefing Note: Solutions for Afghan nationals ordered](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)_\n_[to return from Pakistan, May 2024](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/6666955555ed6e514bb2b991/1717998937637/Briefing-Note_Solutions-for-Afghan-nationals-from-Pakistan-1.pdf)_\n\n_[xxix GiHA, Gender Alert: Returns from Iran and Pakistan, July 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-alert-returns-iran-and-pakistan-29-july-2024)_\n\n_[xxx USIP: Tracking the Taliban's (Mis)Treatment of Women,2023](https://www.usip.org/tracking-talibans-mistreatment-women)_\n\n_xxxi REACH, Whole of Afghanistan Assessment (WoAA), 2024_\n\n_[xxxii ACAPS, Afghanistan,, Third update on Taliban decrees and directives relevant to the humanitarian response (July\u2013December 2024) ; Centre for Information](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20241224_ACAPS_Afghanistan_Third_update_on_Taliban_decrees_and_directives_.pdf)_\n_[Resilience, Confusion after Taliban decree to cap women's salaries, July 2024; Afghanistan Analysts Network, A Pay Cut for Afghan Women Working in the](https://www.info-res.org/afghan-witness/reports/confusion-after-taliban-decree-to-cap-womens-salaries/)_\n_[Public Sector: \u201cWhat can you do with 5,000 afghanis?\u201d, July 2024](https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/rights-freedom/a-pay-cut-for-afghan-women-working-in-the-public-sector-what-can-you-do-with-5000-afghanis/)_\n\n_[xxxiii Adolescent and Youth Working Group, 4Ws Service Mapping of the Adolescents and Youth Programs in Afghanistan - Adolescents and Youth Working](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/4ws-service-mapping-adolescents-and-youth-programs-afghanistan-adolescents-and-youth-working-group-ay-wg-2023)_\n_[Group (AY WG) 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/4ws-service-mapping-adolescents-and-youth-programs-afghanistan-adolescents-and-youth-working-group-ay-wg-2023)_\n\n_[xxxiv OHCHR, Press releases, Afghanistan: Ban on women medical training must be repealed](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/12/afghanistan-ban-women-medical-training-must-be-repealed)_\n\n_[xxxv WoAA, 2024 ; UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n_[xxxvi UNOCHA, Multi-Sectoral Rapid Needs Assessment of Afghan returnees, April 2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)_\n\n_[xxxvii UNAMA, Update on the human rights situation in Afghanistan (quarterly updates January to September 2024)](https://unama.unmissions.org/publications)_\n\n_[xxxviii UNMAS in Afghanistan](https://www.unmas.org/en/programmes/afghanistan)_\n\n_[xxxix UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n\n_xl_ _[UNAMA, Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan: January \u2013 March 2024 Update ; UNAMA, Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan: July \u2013 October 2024](https://unama.unmissions.org/human-rights-situation-afghanistan-janmarch-update-0)_\n_Update_\n\n_xli AIHRC, Report on Violence Against Women in Afghanistan (the first 10 months of 2020), November 2020_\n\n_[xlii EUAA, Country Guidance: Afghanistan, May 2024](https://euaa.europa.eu/publications/country-guidance-afghanistan-may-2024)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January-December 2024\n\n\n_xliii ODI, Changing social norms around age of marriage in Afghanistan, Data on repression and resistance under the Taliban February 2024_\n\n_[xliv UN Women, Afghanistan Gender Country Profile 2024 ; IOM, Samuel Hall, Mental Health: Displacement](https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/06/gender-country-profile-afghanistan)_\n\n_trends and challenges in Afghanistan since August 2021, Research Brief, 2023_\n\n_[xlv UN Women, Afghanistan Gender Country Profile 2024](https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/06/gender-country-profile-afghanistan)_\n\n_xlvi ODI, Changing social norms around age of marriage in Afghanistan, Data on repression and resistance under the Taliban February 2024_\n\n_[xlvii UN Women, Projections for Afghan women and girls, February 2024](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/af-cx-unwomenxdoha-brief_feb2024.pdf)_\n\n_[xlviii UNAMA, The Handling of Complaints of Gender-Based Violence against Women and Girls by Afghanistan\u2019s de facto Authorities, 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/divergence-practice-handling-complaints-gender-based-violence-against-women-and-girls-afghanistans-de-facto-authorities-december-2023-endarips)_\n\n_[xlix UN Women, Afghanistan Gender Country Profile 2024](https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/06/gender-country-profile-afghanistan)_\n\n_[l IOM, UNAMA, UN Women, Summary of Countrywide Consultations with Afghan Women, July 2024](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/10/summary-of-countrywide-consultations-with-afghan-women)_\n\n_[li OHCHR, A/HRC/55/80: Situation of human rights in Afghanistan - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5580-situation-human-rights-afghanistan-report-special-rapporteur)_\n\n_[lii IOM, UNAMA, UN Women, Summary of Countrywide Consultations with Afghan Women, July 2024](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/10/summary-of-countrywide-consultations-with-afghan-women)_\n\n_[liii UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-december-2024)_\n\n_[liv Afghanistan Analysts Network, The Official Gazette, Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice Law, August 2024](https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/Law-on-Virtue-and-Vice-Basic.pdf)_\n\n_[lv Centre for Information Resilience, Taliban\u2019s new vice and virtue law targets women, minorities and media, September 2024](https://www.info-res.org/afghan-witness/reports/talibans-new-vice-and-virtue-law-targets-women-minorities-and-media/)_\n\n_lvi_ _[ACAPS, Afghanistan, Third update on Taliban decrees and directives relevant to the humanitarian response (July\u2013December 2024)](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20241224_ACAPS_Afghanistan_Third_update_on_Taliban_decrees_and_directives_.pdf)_\n\n_lvii UNAMA, Update on the human rights situation in Afghanistan: July-September 2024 Update_\n\n_[lviii IOM, UNAMA, UN Women, Summary of Countrywide Consultations with Afghan Women, July 2024](https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/10/summary-of-countrywide-consultations-with-afghan-women)_\n\n_[lix ADSP, Samuel Hall, Research Brief, Durable Solutions Analysis, Jalalabad/Nangarhar, August 2024 ; UNHCR, Protection Interventions for Afghan Returnees](https://ssar-platform.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/research_brief_durable_solutions_jalalabad.pdf)_\n_[from Pakistan April 2024 to December 2025, May 2024](https://ssar-platform.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/research_brief_durable_solutions_jalalabad.pdf)_\n\n_[lx NRC, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, 2020, A Brief Guide to Women\u2019s Land Rights in Afghanistan](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/womens-land-rights-in-af/hlp-tf_brief-on-women-land-rights.pdf)_\n\n_[lxi NRC, Evictions fuel crisis for Kabul's internally displaced people, August 2024](https://www.nrc.no/perspectives/2024/evictions-fuel-crisis-for-kabuls-internally-displaced-people/)_\n\n_lxii Ibid._\n\n_[lxiii NRC, Samuel Hall, Access to Tazkira and other civil documentation in Afghanistan, 2016](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/af_civil-documentation-study_081116.pdf)_\n\n_[lxiv IOM, NRC, Samuel Hall, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, Research Report, 2023, Documentation and Legal Identification in Afghanistan ; Afghanistan Protection](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n_[Cluster, Legal Identity and Civil Documentation in Afghanistan, May 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/legal-identity-and-civil-documentation-afghanistan-may-2024)_\n\n_[lxv UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Access Snapshots (monthly) 2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications)_\n\n\nPage 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc76b27f-ac20-4143-9132-dac3c8f4fcd6/afghanistan_pau_dec_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_765/raw/doc_765_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_765/raw/doc_765_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5e4726dd5ef5e5bd27e1de181f35a3ecf4a087c2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_765/raw/doc_765_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Analyse de Protection**\n## **Tchad, 2019**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Table de mati\u00e8re**\n\nI- Analyse du contexte ............................................................................................................ 1\n\n\nCrise de mouvement de populations ...................................................................................... 1\n\n\nCrise s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire/nutrition .......................................................................................... 2\n\n\nCrise sanitaire ........................................................................................................................ 2\n\n\nII- Cadre juridique relatif \u00e0 la protection de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes .............................. 3\n\n\nCadre l\u00e9gal sur la protection de l\u2019enfant, le genre et le handicap ............................................ 4\n\n\nIII- Probl\u00e8mes et risques de protection ..................................................................................... 5\n\n\nEnr\u00f4lement et documentation ................................................................................................. 5\n\n\nIncidents de protection ........................................................................................................... 6\n\n\nProtection de l\u2019enfant .............................................................................................................. 7\n\n\nViolences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es et sur le genre ........................................................................ 9\n\n\nRisques li\u00e9s aux restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre ........................................................................10\n\n\nRisques d\u2019incendies ...............................................................................................................11\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ...................................................................................11\n\n\nAcc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice formelle et coutumi\u00e8re.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u202612\n\n\nConflits intercommunautaires.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u202613\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### I- Analyse du contexte\n\nLe Tchad est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis de d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 des crises humanitaires\nchroniques. Pays sah\u00e9lien dont plus de 60 % de sa superficie et d\u00e9sertique, le Tchad est marqu\u00e9\npar la raret\u00e9 des ressources naturelles (eau, bois de chauffe et terres arables) notamment au\nNord et \u00e0 l\u2019Est. L\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale est domin\u00e9e depuis son ind\u00e9pendance (1960) par\nl\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage. M\u00eame si pr\u00e8s de 80% de la population tchadienne exerce dans le secteur\nagropastoral, l\u2019exploitation du p\u00e9trole amorc\u00e9e en 2003 a permis au Tchad de connaitre un essor\n\u00e9conomique remarquable. Toutefois, le Tchad reste aujourd\u2019hui tributaire de l'aide et des capitaux\ninternationaux pour la plupart de ses investissements publics et priv\u00e9s. Le faible taux de\nd\u00e9veloppement affecte les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience des populations.\n\n###### **Crise de mouvement de populations**\n### 452,966 208,465\n\n**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s** **PDIs et retourn\u00e9s tchadiens**\n\n\nLes conflits et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les pays voisins\ntels que le Nigeria, le Soudan (Darfour) et la\nRCA constituent les principales causes des\nd\u00e9placements de populations vers le Tchad\nnotamment dans les provinces du Lac, \u00e0 l\u2019Est et\nau Sud du pays. Ainsi, en fin 2018 le pays\ncompte 452,966 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile\net 162,755 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et\nretourn\u00e9es tchadiens. D\u2019o\u00f9 un total de 656,301\npersonnes ayant un besoin de protection. Par\nailleurs, quelque 45,710 retourn\u00e9s tchadiens\nayant fui les violences en RCA depuis 2013\nvivent dans les sites dans le Sud du Tchad. Il\nest estim\u00e9 qu\u2019environ 16 718 parmi ces\npersonnes sont \u00e0 risque d\u2019apatridie.\n\n\nEn outre, les attaques des rebelles continuent sur les forces tchadiennes au nord du Tchad o\u00f9\nles flux migratoires s\u2019intensifient avec une estimation de pr\u00e8s de 11, 561 migrants au Nord, \u00e0\nN\u2019Djamena et au Lac. Le risque majeur reste les dommages collat\u00e9raux sur les migrants, voire\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvements vers la Libye.\n\n\nLa province du Lac Tchad est affect\u00e9e par deux dynamiques diff\u00e9rentes entre cuvette nord et\ncuvette sud du Lac. Dans la cuvette nord, o\u00f9 les attaques de pr\u00e9dation sur les petits villages par\nles groupes arm\u00e9s et les op\u00e9rations militaires continuent depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise nig\u00e9riane en\n2015, les conditions d\u2019un retour s\u00fbr et digne de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ne sont pas encore r\u00e9unies.\nHors depuis 2017, un mouvement de retour d\u2019environ 51,000 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes a eu lieu vers les\niles de la cuvette sud du Lac. A ces mouvements de retour, se sont ajout\u00e9s ceux des personnes\nen situation de reddition, qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s dans leurs villages d\u2019origine\ndepuis fin 2016. [1]\n\n\n1 REACH : Evaluation des dynamiques de d\u00e9placement et des besoins essentiels des populations revenues dans la cuvette Sud du Lac (2018)\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Par ailleurs, l\u2019attaque de groupes arm\u00e9s dans la zone de Baga-Kawa au Nigeria fin d\u00e9cembre\n2018, et les op\u00e9rations militaires en cours en r\u00e9ponse auraient engendr\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\nd\u2019environ 20 000 personnes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du Nigeria et un afflux de plus de 6 357 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(jusqu\u2019au 11 janvier 2019) vers le Tchad. Une instabilit\u00e9 continue au Nigeria pendant la p\u00e9riode\n\u00e9lectorale pourrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer davantage de mouvements de populations transfrontaliers y compris\ndes mouvements spontan\u00e9s de populations se sentant en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 vers des localit\u00e9s jug\u00e9es\nplus s\u00fbres.\n\n###### **Crise s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire/nutrition**\n\nLe Tchad est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis de d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 des crises humanitaires\nchroniques. Pays sah\u00e9lien dont plus de 60 % de sa superficie est d\u00e9sertique, le Tchad est marqu\u00e9\npar la raret\u00e9 des ressources naturelles (eau, bois de chauffe et terres arables) notamment au\nNord et \u00e0 l\u2019Est. L\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale est domin\u00e9e depuis son ind\u00e9pendance (1960) par\nl\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage. M\u00eame si pr\u00e8s de 80% de la population tchadienne exerce dans le secteur\nagropastoral, l\u2019exploitation du p\u00e9trole amorc\u00e9e en 2003 a permis au Tchad de connaitre un essor\n\u00e9conomique remarquable. Toutefois, le Tchad reste aujourd\u2019hui tributaire de l'aide et des capitaux\ninternationaux pour la plupart de ses investissements publics et priv\u00e9s. Le faible taux de\nd\u00e9veloppement affecte les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience des populations. L\u2019insuffisance de services\nsociaux de base, la raret\u00e9 des ressources (terres arables, eau, \u00e9nergie domestique), la faiblesse\ndu syst\u00e8me judiciaire et des institutions locales sont autant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui accentuent la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des populations h\u00f4tes.\n\n###### **Crise sanitaire**\n\nLa situation sanitaire est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9valence de maladies \u00e0 potentiel \u00e9pid\u00e9mique, telles\nque l\u2019h\u00e9patite E, le chol\u00e9ra, la rougeole et la m\u00e9ningite. Le paludisme reste la cause principale de\nmortalit\u00e9 des enfants de moins de cinq ans et affecte la majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9gions (provinces) du\nTchad. La prise en charge des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA dont le taux de pr\u00e9valence qui\n\u00e9tait de 3,3% en 2005 (EDST1) est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 2,5% fin 2013 (estimation ONUSIDA) pour atteindre\n1,6% en 2014-2015, reste une pr\u00e9occupation majeure.\n\n\nLa faiblesse des structures sanitaires constituent des obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de sant\u00e9.\nLes syst\u00e8mes sanitaires disposent de 1652 zones de responsabilit\u00e9 dont 1334 sont fonctionnelles\npour une population de 14,7 millions d\u2019habitants. Le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement reste en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\nfaible dans l\u2019ensemble du pays et prive des millions de malades de soins secondaires. La faible\ncouverture vaccinale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du pays reste un d\u00e9fi et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 reste difficile\npour une grande partie de la population du fait de l\u2019insuffisance des structures sanitaires et du\npersonnel soignant (1 m\u00e9decin pour 77 856 habitants). Par ailleurs, le faible acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable,\nl\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et l\u2019assainissement est l\u2019un des facteurs qui favorise la survenance des maladies\ndiarrh\u00e9iques et affecte l\u2019\u00e9tat nutritionnel des enfants. La persistance des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sexe et les\npratiques, croyances et perceptions socio-culturelles favorisent certaines pratiques n\u00e9fastes avec\ndes risques sanitaires, notamment chez les femmes et les enfants.\n\nLes violations des droits humains sont \u00e0 la fois parmi les causes profondes et les cons\u00e9quences\ndes crises de mouvements de population, crise de s\u00e9curit\u00e9/ malnutrition et crise sanitaire et\naffectent le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un pays. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au Tchad sont pour la plupart\nvictimes des conflits arm\u00e9s, durant lesquels elles ont subi des violences, des abus et des\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "privations ainsi que le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance. Il est \u00e0 noter que ces crises\naffectent de fa\u00e7on disproportionn\u00e9e les filles, les gar\u00e7ons, les femmes et les hommes.\n\nEn effet, les individus ne sont pas \u00e9gaux face \u00e0 la protection, certains sont plus vuln\u00e9rables que\nd\u2019autres : les femmes, les enfants et les personnes handicap\u00e9es. Les enfants les plus vuln\u00e9rables\nsont les enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s (ENA) et s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs familles, les m\u00e9nages ayant \u00e0 leur\nt\u00eate un enfant, les familles monoparentales sont nombreuses, les familles avec des jeunes\nenfants pris en charge par des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, les enfants portant un handicap2 et les enfants\nassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 des forces ou des groupes arm\u00e9s. Au Tchad, environ 3,5% de la population des\nm\u00e9nages pr\u00e9sentent un handicap 3, les femmes sont plus touch\u00e9es (100 hommes pour 115\nfemmes) et les d\u00e9ficiences sont variables4. Les personnes handicap\u00e9es sont rendues d\u2019autant\nplus vuln\u00e9rables que les structures de r\u00e9adaptation/de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive sont rares,\nvoire inexistantes dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions, leurs droits sont bafou\u00e9s et leur repr\u00e9sentation civile\nest tr\u00e8s faible.\n\nPour faire face \u00e0 ces probl\u00e9matiques, on constate le recours par les populations affect\u00e9es, aux\nstrat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9fastes, dont le recours au sexe de survie et les mariages forc\u00e9s qui sont\nr\u00e9currents au Tchad. C\u2019est pour cette raison que la protection s\u2019inscrit au c\u0153ur de l\u2019action\nhumanitaire telle que d\u00e9finie dans la d\u00e9claration de 2013 ainsi que la politique sur la protection\ndans le cadre de l\u2019action humanitaires de 2016 des hauts responsables du Comit\u00e9 permanent\ninter institutions (IASC). Dans ce sens, le gouvernement et tous les acteurs humanitaires doivent\ns\u2019assurer que les r\u00e9ponses aux trois crises humanitaires affectant le Tchad visent \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir et \u00e0\npromouvoir le respect des droits humains. Ceci demande un engagement r\u00e9el aupr\u00e8s des\npopulations affect\u00e9es durant toutes les phases de l\u2019intervention humanitaire en identifiant et en\nprenant en compte les dimensions d\u2019\u00e2ge, de sexe, de handicap et de diversit\u00e9. Cela implique\n\u00e9galement un engagement avec les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement afin de s\u2019assurer que leurs efforts\nr\u00e9pondent aux besoins de protection et de solutions durables des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n#### II- Cadre juridique relatif \u00e0 la protection de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n\n\nLe Tchad est signataire d\u2019un ensemble de conventions internationales et plusieurs de ces\nengagements internationaux [5] sont refl\u00e9t\u00e9s dans la Constitution de la quatri\u00e8me R\u00e9publique et la\nl\u00e9gislation tchadienne. Cependant, la persistance de normes et de pratiques culturelles n\u00e9fastes\nli\u00e9es notamment \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 patriarcale et \u00e0 l'in\u00e9galit\u00e9 de genre, la m\u00e9connaissance du\n\n\n2 Standards minimums pour la protection de l\u2019enfance dans l\u2019intervention humanitaires\n3 Rapport 2014-2015 \u00abenqu\u00eate d\u00e9mographique et de sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 Indicateurs multiples au Tchad \u00bb. Ce pourcentage n\u2019est pas repr\u00e9sentatif de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.\nIl est en effet difficile d\u2019obtenir des donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cises sur cette th\u00e9matique. Selon le rapport de l\u2019UNAPH, effectu\u00e9 en 2014 suite au forum national sur\nle handicap, il est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 1 691 116 personnes handicap\u00e9es au Tchad, soit 14% de la population tchadienne.\n4 Visuelle : 20,7% (53,4% de femmes) ; Auditive : 11% (45,7% de femmes) ; Intellectuelle et psychique : 8,9% (46,1% de femmes) ; Physique : 21%\n(47% de femmes).\n5 D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l'Homme; Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques; Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques,\nsociaux et culturels Convention de Gen\u00e8ve relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s; Convention de l\u2019OUA de 1969 r\u00e9gissant les aspects sp\u00e9cifiques des probl\u00e8mes\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Afrique; Convention sur l'\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de discrimination \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des femmes; Convention relative aux droits de\nl'enfant Convention contre la torture Charte africaine de l'homme et des peuples; Charte africaine des droits et du bien-\u00eatre de l'enfant; Convention de\n1954 relative aux apatrides. Statut des personnes; Convention de 1961 sur la r\u00e9duction des cas d'apatridie ; Convention de Nations Unies contre la\ncriminalit\u00e9 transnationale organis\u00e9e; Protocole additionnel \u00e0 la Convention des Nations Unies contre la criminalit\u00e9 transnationale organis\u00e9e visant \u00e0\npr\u00e9venir, r\u00e9primer et punir la traite des personnes en particulier les femmes et les enfants. (Protocole de Palerme); Protocole facultatif a la Convention\nrelative aux droits de l\u2019enfant concernant la vente, la prostitution et la pornographie mettant en sc\u00e8ne des enfants; Protocole facultatif \u00e0 la Convention\nrelative aux droits de l\u2019enfant concernant l\u2019implication des enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s; la Convention sur la Protection et l\u2019assistance aux personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es en Afrique dite Convention de Kampala; Charte africaine relative \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie, les \u00e9lections et la bonne gouvernance; Protocole additionnel\ndes Nations Unies sur la traite des personnes; Convention de la Haye en mati\u00e8re de coop\u00e9ration et de protection sur l\u2019adoption internationale en cours\nde ratification \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e Nationale; Convention de l\u2019Union Africaine sur la pr\u00e9vention et la lutte contre la corruption.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "handicap, la faiblesse du syst\u00e8me judiciaire et des institutions locales, constituent un obstacle \u00e0\nla consolidation d\u2019un environnement favorable \u00e0 la protection des droits individuels en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et\nla protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en particulier.\n\nUn d\u00e9fi qui reste \u00e0 relever pour promouvoir le respect des droits des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes est la domestication de la Convention de l\u2019Union Africaine sur la protection et l\u2019assistance\naux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interne de 2009 (Dite Convention de Kampala). Le Tchad a ratifi\u00e9 la\nConvention de Kampala en 2011 et \u00e0 mis en place un Comit\u00e9 pour assurer la transposition de la\nConvention en loi nationale sur la base du mod\u00e8le de loi d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par l\u2019Union Africain. L\u2019adoption\nd\u2019une telle loi permettra de renforcer le cadre juridique de protection de ces personnes et de\nmieux orienter les activit\u00e9s men\u00e9es par toutes les parties prenantes.\n\n###### **Cadre l\u00e9gal sur la protection de l\u2019enfant, le genre et le handicap**\n\n\nLe Tchad a ratifi\u00e9 la plupart des instruments juridiques internationaux relatifs \u00e0 la protection des\nenfants et au genre, y compris la Convention sur l\u2019\u00e9limination de la discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la\nfemme en 1995 et la Convention relative aux droits de l\u2019enfant en 1990. [6] Malgr\u00e9 les efforts du\nTchad dans le domaine du handicap et de l\u2019inclusion, la Convention relative aux droits des\npersonnes handicap\u00e9es (CRDPH) a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9e en 2012, mais jamais ratifi\u00e9e.\n\nCes instruments ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transpos\u00e9s dans la l\u00e9gislation tchadienne. Cette l\u00e9gislation \u00e9volue\npositivement dans le sens de la promotion du genre comme facteur de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9\nentre les hommes et les femmes. Ils se transcrivent dans:\n\n\n - La Constitution de la quatri\u00e8me r\u00e9publique;\n\n - La loi N\u00b0 001/PR/2017 du 8 mai 2017 portant code p\u00e9nal avec d\u2019importantes dispositions\np\u00e9nales li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection des libert\u00e9s fondamentales et qui sanctionnent les violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre ;\n\n - La politique nationale du genre adopt\u00e9e en septembre 2017;\n\n - L\u2019ordonnance n\u00b0012/PR/2018 du 22 mai 2018 instituant la parit\u00e9 dans les fonctions\nnominatives et \u00e9lectives en r\u00e9publique du Tchad ;\n\n - La loi N\u00b028/PR/2018 du 22 novembre 2018 portant attribution, organisation et\nfonctionnement de la commission nationale des droits de homme dont l\u2019une des missions\nest de formuler des avis sur la condition de la femme et de lutter contre les viols, les\nmariages forc\u00e9s et les VBG conform\u00e9ment aux normes internationales par la\nsensibilisation sur des mesures pr\u00e9ventives ou des recommandations de sanctions\nappropri\u00e9es contre les auteurs, co-auteurs et complices.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 la mise en place de ces instruments juridiques, on note la persistance de normes et\npratiques culturelles n\u00e9fastes, notamment les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines (38%), les mariages\nd\u2019enfants (69%), des violences sexuelles (12%), le sororat (remariage d\u2019un veuf avec la s\u0153ur de\nson \u00e9pouse) et le l\u00e9virat \u2018transmission des veuves en h\u00e9ritage\u2019, pratique consistant pour un\nhomme \u00e0 \u00e9pouser la veuve de son fr\u00e8re d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 [7] .\n\nLa prise en compte des personnes handicap\u00e9es a \u00e9merg\u00e9 mais reste encore insatisfaisante :\n\n\n6 [Instruments juridiques ratifi\u00e9s par le Tchad: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/countries.aspx?CountryCode=TCD&Lang=EN](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/countries.aspx?CountryCode=TCD&Lang=EN)\n7 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \u00e9tabli par le Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l\u2019Homme, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 15 b.) De l\u2019annexe \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 5/1 du Conseil des\nDroits de l\u2019homme et au paragraphe 5 de l\u2019annexe \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 16/21 du Conseil : A/HRC/WG.6/17/TCD/2\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - La loi N\u00b0007/PR/07 portant sur la protection des personnes handicap\u00e9es, en attente du\nd\u00e9cret d\u2019application;\n\n - L\u2019organisation du premier forum national sur le handicap au Tchad en 2014 ;\n\n - La r\u00e9daction du Plan National de R\u00e9adaptation Fonctionnelle du Tchad (PNRFT) en 2015,\npas encore valid\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s nationales;\n\n - La mise en place du Plan National de D\u00e9veloppement (PND) 2017 \u2013 2021, comprenant\nun axe sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la population (femmes, hommes, y compris\nles jeunes et les personnes handicap\u00e9es), dont l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un emploi productif, d\u00e9cent et\ndurable;\n\n - Le PANAV (Plan d\u2019Action National d\u2019Assistance aux Victimes) au Tchad valid\u00e9 en 2018.\n\n\nCes textes ne s\u2019appliquent pas ou peu, dans la pratique, laissant les personnes handicap\u00e9es en\nmarge de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, aussi bien au niveau local que national.\n\nAu-del\u00e0 de la justice formelle, la justice coutumi\u00e8re (l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e8gles coutumi\u00e8res propres\n\u00e0 une ethnie ou communaut\u00e9) demeure toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9 au Tchad. Ces justices coutumi\u00e8res\nne favorisent pas la protection des femmes, des enfants et des personnes handicap\u00e9es.\n\n#### III- Probl\u00e8mes et risques de protection\n\n###### **Enr\u00f4lement et documentation**\n\nLe manque de donn\u00e9es biographiques et biom\u00e9triques sur les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et\nretourn\u00e9es dans la province du Lac ainsi que les retourn\u00e9s du sud, constitue un d\u00e9fi majeur de\nprotection, d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire et de recherche de solutions durables pour ces\npersonnes. Ce d\u00e9fi s\u2019\u00e9tend aussi au domaine du handicap, comme indiqu\u00e9 plus haut. Le Tchad\nrecense 3,5% de la population des m\u00e9nages pr\u00e9sentant un handicap, tandis que la moyenne de\nl\u2019OMS est de 15% et que l\u2019UNAPHT (Union Nationale des Associations des Personnes\nHandicap\u00e9es au Tchad) recense 1 691 116 personnes handicap\u00e9es, soit 14% de la population\ntchadienne en 2014.\n\n\nL\u2019Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (OIM) et le Programme Alimentaire Mondiale\n(PAM) font l\u2019enregistrement des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et retourn\u00e9s Tchadiens dans la\nprovince du Lac. Aussi, le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unis pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) et\nplusieurs acteurs humanitaires ont enregistr\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques des retourn\u00e9s tchadiens\ndu site de Dar el Kheir en 2017. Toutefois les outils actuellement utilis\u00e9s par ces agences ont des\nlimites du fait qu\u2019ils ne permettent pas d\u2019une part d\u2019avoir des donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques (empreintes\ndigitales et / ou balayage de l\u2019iris) pour une meilleure v\u00e9rification de l\u2019identit\u00e9 de la personne, ou\nne facilitent pas la pr\u00e9vention de la fraude en temps r\u00e9el sur le terrain, et sont non-accessible\naux autres acteurs d\u2019autre part. Il est \u00e0 noter \u00e9galement l\u2019absence de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par\n\u00e2ge, genre et diversit\u00e9 permettant de comprendre et de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des\ndiff\u00e9rents groupes de personnes affect\u00e9es. En outre, le risque d\u2019infiltration des personnes nonaffect\u00e9es et le double enregistrement remettant en cause la fiabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et informations\ncollect\u00e9es.\n\n\nSur les 162,755 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes enregistr\u00e9es dans la province du Lac, la majorit\u00e9\nne dispose pas de documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des populations h\u00f4tes. Toutefois, il n\u2019y a pas\nde donn\u00e9es exactes sur le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui ont des besoins de document\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tant d\u2019identit\u00e9 que d\u2019\u00e9tat civil ainsi que leur r\u00e9partition dans les diff\u00e9rentes zones. Dans le cadre\ndu projet d\u2018Appui \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 et pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019apatridie mis en \u0153uvre par la Direction des\nAffaires Politiques et de l\u2019Etat Civil (DAPEC)\u2019, plus de 2,500 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans\nla zone de Bagasola ont obtenu un acte de naissance en 2018. Malheureusement, pour beaucoup\nde personnes handicap\u00e9es, ce droit aux documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil est difficilement mis en application\npar manque d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 (g\u00e9ographique, financi\u00e8re, physique).\n\n\nMoins de 12% des enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de moins de 5 ans sont enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat civil et seulement 9%\nd\u2019entre eux ont un acte de naissance8, ce qui constitue un risque d\u2019apatridie. Cette situation\naffecte \u00e9galement les 45,710 retourn\u00e9s tchadiens de retour de la RCA dans le sud du pays\nrevenus sans documents d\u2019identit\u00e9/\u00e9tat civil. Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins, le Gouvernement\na adopt\u00e9 un plan de r\u00e9ponse globale (2015-2019) pour leur enregistrement et r\u00e9insertion mais\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour, ce plan n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par manque de financement. Depuis 2016, au total\n6,321 personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 15 ans, y compris des retourn\u00e9s tchadiens, ont re\u00e7u des r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9s\nde cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9s9.\n\n\nDe mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019obtention de la carte d\u2019identit\u00e9s et de l\u2019acte de naissance\nemp\u00eachent les personnes affect\u00e9es de jouir de leurs droits et d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux solutions\ndurables. L\u2019absence d\u2019acte de naissance et de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 expose les personnes affect\u00e9es\nd\u2019\u00eatre sujettes aux abus de la police ou d\u2019\u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des membres de groupes\narm\u00e9s ou des clandestins. Ces personnes peuvent \u00e9galement ne pas avoir d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services\nsociaux de base. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, le manque de documentation l\u00e9gale entrave significativement\nla circulation des personnes et limite l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance. Des craintes de se\nrendre aux march\u00e9s et de vendre des biens de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019avant la crise du bassin du\nLac Tchad ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es [10] . On note \u00e9galement le risque de marginalisation de ses\npersonnes dans les communaut\u00e9s entrainant des possibles tensions et conflits communautaires.\n\n###### **Incidents de protection**\n\nLes attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s se poursuivent depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise du bassin du Lac\nTchad en 2015. Elles sont souvent suivies d\u2019enl\u00e8vement ainsi que de pillages de b\u00e9tails et de\nbiens. Au total, 1.622 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s sur 202 lieux de d\u00e9placements\nau Lac entre janvier et d\u00e9cembre 2018. Ces incidents incluent les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n(pillages de b\u00e9tails, carburants, bateaux et vol d\u2019autres biens personnes), violation des libert\u00e9s\nindividuelles (enl\u00e8vements, arrestations arbitraires, travaux forc\u00e9s) et violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (homicides et agressions physiques). La plupart de ces incidents ont eu lieux\ndans la cuvette nord du bassin du Lac Tchad dans la zone frontali\u00e8re avec le Nigeria notamment\ndans les sous-pr\u00e9fectures de Ngouboua, Ka\u00efga Kindjiria, Konguia et Tchoukoutalia.\n\n\n8 EDS-MICS2014-2015\n9 Pour le moment il n\u2019y a pas de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es par nationalit\u00e9, ce qui sera corrig\u00e9 en 2019.\n10 REACH, \u00c9valuation des dynamiques de d\u00e9placement et des besoins essentiels des populations revenues dans la cuvette Sud du Lac (2018)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JANV. FEV. MAR. AVR. MAI JUIN JUIL. AOUT SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.\n\n\n_**Incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s dans la province du Lac en 2018**_\n\n\nAu total, les hommes repr\u00e9sentent 61% des survivants des abus des droits humains et les\nfemmes 23%. Par ailleurs, sur l\u2019ensemble de la population, 16% des survivants sont des enfants.\nLes membres des forces de l\u2019ordre constituent 17% des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs des incidents de\nprotection.\n\n\nL\u2019augmentation du nombre de ces incidents affecte la stabilit\u00e9 des zones d\u2019accueil et de retour et\nne facilite pas la reprise des activit\u00e9s agricoles, de p\u00eache ou d\u2019\u00e9levage.\n\n\nLe manque d\u2019un cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement ainsi que la faible qualit\u00e9 et disponibilit\u00e9 des services\nmultisectoriels pour une prise en charge ad\u00e9quate des survivants, des personnes vuln\u00e9rables et\ndes personnes handicap\u00e9es reste un des d\u00e9fis majeurs et urgents \u00e0 relever par le cluster\nprotection en 2019.\n\n\nTr\u00e8s peu d\u2019informations sont actuellement disponibles sur la situation en termes de protection\ndes retourn\u00e9s tchadiens dans le Sud du pays. En d\u00e9but 2019, une \u00e9valuation participative sera\nmen\u00e9e pour identifier \u00e0 quels d\u00e9fis de protection ces personnes sont confront\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9sultats\nde cette \u00e9valuation serviront \u00e0 mener un plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s et autres acteurs\nhumanitaires/d\u00e9veloppement pour leurs interventions en vue de mettre en \u0153uvre des solutions\ndurables pour cette population.\n\n\nDepuis la fin de 2018, la situation s\u00e9curitaire s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e dans le nord du pays vers le Tibesti,\no\u00f9 l\u2019arm\u00e9e tchadienne m\u00e8ne des op\u00e9rations pour stopper les orpailleurs ill\u00e9gaux et pr\u00e9venir des\nincursions de rebelles tchadiens venus de la Libye. Tandis que le suivi de la situation de\nprotection dans la zone de Tibesti vient d\u2019\u00eatre renforc\u00e9, selon les sources de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des nations\nunies, des affrontements intertribaux et entre groupes d\u2019orpailleurs ont caus\u00e9 plusieurs morts ces\nderniers temps.\n\n###### **Protection de l\u2019enfant**\n\nLes d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s des populations pendant les crises repr\u00e9sentent un risque de s\u00e9paration\ndes enfants. La D\u00e9l\u00e9gation R\u00e9gional de l\u2019Action Sociale (DRAS) du gouvernement Tchadien,\navec l\u2019appui de l\u2019UNICEF, assure l\u2019identification et la prise en charge des enfants consid\u00e9r\u00e9s\nenfants non accompagn\u00e9s (ENA) et enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s (ES), dans les provinces du Lac et du sud.\nCependant, l\u2019absence de capacit\u00e9 des populations locales qui les accueillent, elles-m\u00eames\naffect\u00e9es par la pauvret\u00e9, ne garantit pas la prise en charge de ces enfants. Les enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s\nsurtout les adolescents, sont expos\u00e9s aux recrutements dans les groupes arm\u00e9s. En 2018, cinq\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "enfants ENA et 140 ES ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans la province du Lac, ainsi que vingt-trois enfants\nassoci\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s, dont deux filles [11] .\n\n\nL\u2019insuffisance des structures scolaires au plan local et le surpeuplement des classes auxquels\ns\u2019ajoutent les enfants en d\u00e9placement et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire rendent difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation de\nces derniers. En outre, certains enfants, du fait des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, interrompent leur cursus\nscolaire. Par ailleurs, la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation des gar\u00e7ons, les mariages forc\u00e9s, la\nlourde charge des travaux domestiques et le risque de violence sexuelle constituent un frein \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation des filles. Pr\u00e8s de 19% des filles sont scolaris\u00e9es au niveau moyen contre 41% des\ngar\u00e7ons. De cet effectif, le taux d\u2019ach\u00e8vement scolaire des filles au niveau moyen est de 9%\ntandis que celui des gar\u00e7ons est de 25%. Les enfants handicap\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl\u2019enseignement pour diff\u00e9rentes raisons : les infrastructures, installations et mat\u00e9riel scolaires\ninaccessibles ; le manque de donn\u00e9es sur le nombre de filles et gar\u00e7ons handicap\u00e9s scolaris\u00e9s\net non scolaris\u00e9s ; la pr\u00e9dominance d\u2019une attitude discriminatoire chez les parents, enseignants,\nautres \u00e9l\u00e8ves ainsi que dans les \u00e9coles et communaut\u00e9s et le manque de moyens de transport\nadapt\u00e9s. Bien souvent, les parents ne voient pas l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019envoyer leurs enfants handicap\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9cole et n\u2019entrevoient pas la possibilit\u00e9 pour eux de s\u2019ins\u00e9rer dans la vie professionnelle. De\nplus, le personnel encadrant n\u2019est pas form\u00e9 \u00e0 recevoir des enfants handicap\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, que ce\nsoit au niveau p\u00e9dagogique (qui doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 en fonction de l\u2019enfant) ou pour l\u2019utilisation\nd\u2019\u00e9quipements sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Les enfants handicap\u00e9s se retrouvent ainsi en grande majorit\u00e9 exclus\ndu syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif tchadien.\n\n\nLes normes socio-culturelles accentuent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et affectent n\u00e9gativement le bien-\u00eatre des\nenfants. Les filles sont expos\u00e9es aux risques de mariages forc\u00e9s, grossesses pr\u00e9coces,\nexploitation sexuelle et violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre tandis que les gar\u00e7ons sont plus enclins \u00e0\n\u00eatre associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s, de s\u2019impliquer dans la criminalit\u00e9 et de s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 la drogue.\nAussi, lorsque les moyens de subsistance disparaissent en m\u00eame temps que les soutiens\nfamiliaux et que les familles sont s\u00e9par\u00e9es et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les enfants risquent particuli\u00e8rement\nd\u2019\u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s dans les pires formes de travail et de subir de graves incidents de protection au\nvu de leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\n\n\nEn 2018, des accidents d\u2019enfants impliquant les restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\ndans la province du Lac. Compte tenu de la militarisation de la zone, ce risque est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9\nsurtout lorsque les enfants sont \u00e0 la recherche de bois de chauffe ou encore lorsqu\u2019ils vont jouer\ndans des camps militaires abandonn\u00e9s. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les femmes allant chercher de\nl\u2019eau au puits.\n\n\nLa situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle affecte les enfants, les filles et les femmes enceintes et\nallaitantes dans les 12 provinces o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9valence de la malnutrition aig\u00fce d\u00e9passe le seuil\ncritique de 15%. La malnutrition infantile et infanto-juv\u00e9nile est associ\u00e9e avec des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de\ntraumatisme psychologique qui impactent les capacit\u00e9s sensorielle et de motricit\u00e9, cognitives et\nsocio-\u00e9motionnelles de l\u2019enfant. Le manque de stimulation sociale / affective parent-enfant, le\nd\u00e9tachement \u00e9motionnel et la n\u00e9gligence aggravent davantage les effets des d\u00e9ficits chroniques\nnutritionnels. Ils r\u00e9duisent la prise d\u2019aliments et diminuent de fa\u00e7on significative le taux de survie\nglobale des enfants. La combinaison de la malnutrition et du manque de stimulation psychosocial\n\n\n11 UNICEF\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sont particuli\u00e8rement nocifs \u00e0 l\u2019enfant. Il est n\u00e9cessite d\u2019avoir une stimulation psychosociale en\nfaveur des enfants malnutris en p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration \u00e0 travers les unit\u00e9s th\u00e9rapeutiques.\n\n\nL\u2019ensemble de tous ces maux et risques de protection de l\u2019enfant entrainent des cons\u00e9quences\nn\u00e9fastes sur la sant\u00e9 physique et mentale de l\u2019enfant, la famille, la communaut\u00e9 et a une \u00e9chelle\nplus large, sur le pays.\n\n###### **Violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es et sur le genre**\n\nLe Tchad est class\u00e9 parmi les pays ayant le plus faible indice d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 de genre. Celle-ci est\ndue \u00e0 des pratiques discriminatoires et \u00e0 des normes socioculturelles n\u00e9fastes ancr\u00e9es dans les\nusages et traditions en cours dans le pays. Elles ont pour r\u00e9sultat le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de mutilations\ng\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines (38%), de mariages forc\u00e9s (28,4% des femmes sont mari\u00e9es avant l\u2019\u00e2ge de\n15 ans et 69% des femmes le sont avant l\u2019\u00e2ge de 18 ans), de violences conjugales (24% des\nfemmes de 15-49 ont subi de la part de leur maris/partenaires des violences \u00e9motionnelles, 26%\nde violences physiques et 10% de violence sexuelles), de violence physique (29% des femmes\n\u00e2g\u00e9es de 15-49 ans ont subi des violences physiques \u00e0 un moment quelconque depuis l\u2019\u00e2ge de\n15 ans,) et de violences sexuelles (12% ont subi des violences sexuelles \u00e0 un moment\nquelconque) .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Source : EDS-MICS2014-2015**_\n\n\nDes rapports de force in\u00e9gaux limitent encore les femmes dans leur choix et leur autonomie, dans\nl\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et le contr\u00f4le des ressources et des revenus, dans les d\u00e9cisions, m\u00eame celles les\nplus cruciales concernant leur vie et leur participation aux instances de prise de d\u00e9cision, ainsi\nque dans leur contr\u00f4le sur la sexualit\u00e9 et l\u2019exercice de leur droit de d\u00e9cider librement du nombre\nd\u2019enfants souhait\u00e9, de la survenue des grossesses et de l\u2019espacement des naissances.\n\n\nLes disparit\u00e9s de genre s\u2019observent \u00e9galement dans les secteurs de:\n\n\ni) **\u00c9ducation** : 78% des femmes contre 46% des hommes restent analphab\u00e8tes, l\u2019indice\nde parit\u00e9 fille et gar\u00e7ons dans l\u2019enseignement primaire est de 0,89%, dans le\nsecondaire on ne trouve que 26,9% des filles contre 57,5% des gar\u00e7ons ce qui\nrepr\u00e9sente un \u00e9cart de 30,6 point, dans le sup\u00e9rieur 13,9% des filles contre 37,5 % de\ngar\u00e7ons soit 23,6 point d\u2019\u00e9cart ;\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ii) **Sant\u00e9** : le taux de mortalit\u00e9 maternelle reste \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 860 pour 100 000 naissances\nvivantes, la pr\u00e9valence de VIH/Sida parmi les adultes de 15-49 est de 1,8 chez les\nfemmes et 1,3 chez les hommes ; le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de f\u00e9condit\u00e9 (6,4 en 2015)est li\u00e9 en\ngrande partie \u00e0 une faible offre et utilisation de la contraception moderne (5% des\nfemmes en union, et 2% des filles de moins de 20 ans) et \u00e0 une importante demande\nnon satisfaite en planification familiale (22,9% en 2015),\niii) **Domaine \u00e9conomique et politique** : Les femmes ont un acc\u00e8s tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9, au cr\u00e9dit, au pouvoir et \u00e0 la participation aux instances de prise de d\u00e9cision.\n\n\nSelon le sous cluster VBG, 3 596 incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans les provinces du Lac, du Moyen\nChari et Logone oriental entre janvier et d\u00e9cembre 2018. Parmi les cas d\u00e9clar\u00e9s, 9% sont de\nviolences sexuelles, 24% sont de d\u00e9nis de ressources, d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et de services, 7% sont\ndes cas de mariages forc\u00e9s, 26% sont des cas de violences psychologiques, les agressions\nphysiques repr\u00e9sentent 32%. Les VSBG sont r\u00e9pandues dans toutes les couches sociales. Elles\naffectent plus les adolescentes, les femmes adultes et les femmes handicap\u00e9es.\n\n\nPlusieurs femmes se trouvent souvent en position de chef de famille, du fait de la s\u00e9paration ou\nde la perte des membres masculins du foyer ou encore de l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de leurs conjoints \u00e0\nsubvenir aux besoins de la famille. Le manque d\u2019activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus (AGR) ou\nl\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de poursuivre certaines activit\u00e9s traditionnelles, comme la p\u00eache, pour les hommes,\nemp\u00eache ces derniers de remplir leur r\u00f4le traditionnel de pourvoyeurs de ressources pour la\nfamille. La paup\u00e9risation, le prolongement sans issue du d\u00e9placement et l\u2019inactivit\u00e9 restreignent\nde plus en plus la capacit\u00e9 des hommes \u00e0 assurer l\u2019autonomie \u00e9conomique de la famille, un r\u00f4le\nqui revient progressivement \u00e0 la femme. Cela cr\u00e9e un contexte dans lequel les femmes travaillent\nbeaucoup plus, et sont expos\u00e9es aux violences et \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation et abus sexuels. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9\nque les hommes ont un contr\u00f4le sup\u00e9rieur sur les revenus, les terres et l\u2019argent des familles et\ndu fait de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la dynamique des pouvoirs dans les r\u00f4les due aux crises, les femmes\nsubissent des r\u00e9actions violentes de la part des hommes. Car ceux-ci se sentent humili\u00e9s, frustr\u00e9s\net r\u00e9agissent violemment. Certaines femmes et filles adoptent des m\u00e9thodes n\u00e9fastes de survie\nappel\u00e9e commun\u00e9ment \u2018\u2019sexe pour survie\u2019\u2019.\n\n\nEn ce qui concerne la violence sexuelle, des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9loignement des services de base\n(les centres de sant\u00e9) et \u00e0 l\u2019absence ou au manque d\u2019\u00e9clairage des installations sanitaires\nexposent les femmes \u00e0 des risques sur le chemin et au niveau des infrastructures.\n\n\nCes violences prennent des formes multiples (mariages forc\u00e9s, viols, agressions sexuelles,\nagressions physiques etc.). Dans un tel contexte de faible acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels de base,\nla majorit\u00e9 des survivantes de VSBG n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance holistique. Le paquet de\nservices essentiels n\u2019existe que dans quelques sites. Les d\u00e9fis d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire limitent l\u2019offre\nde service dans la plupart de sites ou le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers les centres de prise en charge. Les\npesanteurs socio-culturelles restent un d\u00e9fi. Les survivantes ont toujours du mal \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer les\nexactions. Tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019actions de poursuites judiciaires sont initi\u00e9es. Le recours \u00e0 la justice\ndemeure un d\u00e9fi majeur.\n\n###### **Risques li\u00e9s aux restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre**\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence de restes d\u2019explosifs de guerre (REG) constitue un risque \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndes civils dans neuf provinces du Tchad. Ceci est d\u00fb au fait que le Tchad a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conflits internes depuis son ind\u00e9pendance en 1960, ainsi que l\u2019invasion par la Libye en 1973. La\nlutte contre les groupes arm\u00e9s par les op\u00e9rations militaires dans la province du Lac depuis 2015\na \u00e9galement augment\u00e9 les risques de trouver des REG dans la r\u00e9gion (issus des combats ou\nlaiss\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9placements). Les engins explosifs emp\u00eachent la circulation, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des\npoints d\u2019eau et la collecte du bois de chauffe et freinent consid\u00e9rablement le d\u00e9veloppement\n\u00e9conomique des r\u00e9gions touch\u00e9es12. En 2018, des explosions de REG ont tu\u00e9 au moins trois\npersonnes et gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 deux autres dans la province du Lac 13 . Le d\u00e9minage et\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation, sous la houlette du Haut-commissariat National de D\u00e9minage (HCND), est capitale\npour la protection des civils.\n\n\nAu Tchad, 100 millions de m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s sont contamin\u00e9s par les mines et les restes explosifs de\nguerre, ce qui correspond \u00e0 la superficie de Paris. Pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9duire les accidents et de la\nviolence aux armes est primordial dans ce contexte. En effet, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques, les\ncommunaut\u00e9s devraient \u00eatre conscientes et capables de g\u00e9rer les menaces li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence\nde RDG, mines, EEI ou armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et retrouver une coh\u00e9sion sociale. Aussi, la d\u00e9pollution et\nla remise \u00e0 disposition des terres doivent rendre les zones dangereuses prioritaires identifi\u00e9es de\nfa\u00e7on participative avec la communaut\u00e9 et/ou avec de nouvelles technologies et outils s\u00e9curis\u00e9s,\naccessibles et exploitables.\n\n###### **Risques d\u2019incendies**\n\nLes incendies involontaires sont r\u00e9currents surtout dans la p\u00e9riode de fraicheurs entre novembre\net janvier. Les incendies sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caus\u00e9s par les braises, les bougies et les lampes \u00e0\ngaz et dans des cas rares par une surcharge \u00e9lectrique qui fait se consumer les fils \u00e9lectriques.\nLes cons\u00e9quences enregistr\u00e9es incluent les pertes d\u2019abris, de biens et de b\u00e9tails.\n\n###### **L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base**\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base reste pr\u00e9caire dans la province du Lac et le Sud du pays\net constitue un imp\u00e9ratif pour renforcer le Nexus Humanitaire-D\u00e9veloppement au Tchad.\n\n\nSelon une \u00e9valuation men\u00e9e dans la cuvette Sud du Lac Tchad ou 51,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes sont retourn\u00e9es depuis 2017, 17 infrastructures sociocommunautaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 classifi\u00e9es\ncomme fonctionnelles (dont deux latrines, six \u00e9coles ou espaces r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement, deux\ncentres de sant\u00e9, trois march\u00e9s, et quatre points d\u2019eau). On estime que la majorit\u00e9 des iles dans\nla cuvette Sud du Lac n\u2019ont pas d\u2019infrastructures. Selon les enqu\u00eates men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des\npopulations retourn\u00e9es, leurs besoins prioritaires sont l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation, aux services de sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable, hygi\u00e8ne et l\u2019assainissement (EHA) [14] . La\nmajorit\u00e9 des populations vivant dans la province du Lac utilise l\u2019eau de surface (du lac) comme\nsource de boisson principale et pratique la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation \u00e0 l\u2019aire libre, ce qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re des probl\u00e8mes\nde sant\u00e9. Cette pratique \u00e9tait \u00e9galement courante avant la crise [15] . L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins est\n\u00e9galement probl\u00e9matique en raison de l\u2019absence de centres de sant\u00e9, manquent de m\u00e9dicaments\net/ou de personnel.\n\n\n12 Handicap International \u2013 Humanit\u00e9 & Inclusion, Fiche pays Tchad, 2017\n13 Messages de sensibilisations sur les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la contamination par Restes d\u2019explosifs de Guerre y compris des Engins Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s\n(EEI) dans la r\u00e9gion du Lac Tchad, cluster protection, juillet 2018\n14 REACH, \u00c9valuation des dynamiques de d\u00e9placement et des besoins essentiels des populations revenues dans la cuvette Sud du Lac (2018)\n15 Idem\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base existant dans la cuvette nord du bassin du Lac Tchad est\nencore plus restreint \u00e0 cause des r\u00e9currentes attaques par les groupes arm\u00e9s et les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires qui emp\u00eachent la circulation, le d\u00e9veloppement de la zone et limitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nservices sociaux de base ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base pour les retourn\u00e9s tchadiens dans le Sud du pays est\ncompromis par le fait qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas de documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9tat civil et donc ne peuvent\njouir de leurs droits fondamentaux. Ceci dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par une surcharge sur les\nfaibles infrastructures existantes o\u00f9 la population locale d\u00e9j\u00e0 vuln\u00e9rable a accueilli plus de\n100,000 personnes ayant fui le conflit en RCA. Toutefois, les retourn\u00e9s tchadiens continuent de\nvivre dans des sites de retourn\u00e9s et en milieu villageois/urbain et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient ponctuellement\nd\u2019assistances humanitaires (vivres mensuels et autres interventions via fonds CERF compte tenu\ndu contexte actuel).\n\nEn outre, les services offrent rarement des r\u00e9ponses adapt\u00e9es aux besoins des personnes en\nsituation de handicap, des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et des enfants. Les services de sant\u00e9 existants ne\nsont pas adapt\u00e9s aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des personnes handicap\u00e9es : les services de\nr\u00e9adaptation sont quasi inexistants (s\u2019ils le sont, la production d\u2019aides techniques est \u00e9galement\nsouvent inadapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019environnement de la personne handicap\u00e9e s\u2019\u00e9tant fait r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e par un\nservice de sant\u00e9). Concernant le handicap intellectuel, aucune structure de sant\u00e9 ne permet\nd\u2019accueillir ces pathologies. Les personnes en situation de handicap sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019exclusion des possibilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation et d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance,\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9. Elles sont aussi expos\u00e9es aux exploitations et abus, aux violences y\ncompris les violences sexuelles et de genre. L\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019identification des personnes en\nsituation de handicap lors des collectes de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques [16] ainsi que la formation des\nfournisseurs de services, des acteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement sur les principes de\nl\u2019inclusion est un d\u00e9fi qui reste \u00e0 relever. L\u2019objectif est de veiller \u00e0 ce que les obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s\n\u00e0 la protection, \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et aux solutions auxquelles les personnes en situation de handicap\nfont face soient identifi\u00e9s et lev\u00e9s. Seulement 34 Organisations des Personnes Handicap\u00e9es\n(OPH) existent dans les provinces et 27 \u00e0 N\u2019Ndjamena. A Bol, une seule OPH est r\u00e9pertori\u00e9e par\nexemple, alors que la situation de la r\u00e9gion du Lac Tchad est critique.\n\nLe manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux informations sur l\u2019aide humanitaire est une probl\u00e9matique identifi\u00e9e \u00e0\ntravers l\u2019enqu\u00eate de perception de Ground Truth Solutions (GTS) et Core Humanitarian Standards\n(CHS) en 2018. Pour assurer une communication efficace et durable avec les communaut\u00e9s\naffect\u00e9es de sorte \u00e0 faciliter leur acc\u00e8s aux services et l\u2019assistance, les canaux de communication\nplus appropri\u00e9s notamment les langues locales et les structures communautaires doivent \u00eatre\nutilis\u00e9es. Dans la r\u00e9gion du Lac les personnes affect\u00e9es ont indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019elles aimeraient recevoir\ndes informations \u00e0 travers leurs leaders communautaires comme les chefs de bloc, de village ou\nde quartier [17] .\n\n###### **Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice formelle et coutumi\u00e8re**\n\n\nEn relation \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice, le faible acc\u00e8s aux voies de recours, l\u2019ignorance des lois,\nl\u2019absence et/ou l\u2019\u00e9loignement des structures judiciaires, de multiples gr\u00e8ves, le fait que les\navocats sont peu nombreux et presque tous bas\u00e9s dans la capitale N\u2019Djamena et la\nd\u00e9favorisassions des femmes par les pesanteurs socio-culturelles et religieuses, restent des d\u00e9fis\n\n\n16 Conforme aux questions du \u2018Washington Group on Disability Statistics\u2019. Ces questions sont reconnues par le OMS comme l\u2019outil recommand\u00e9 pour\nl\u2019identification des personnes en situation de handicap. Les questions aident \u00e0 identifier les handicaps invisibles, ils contiennent une terminologie\nneutre, non-stigmatisant qui encourage les personnes interrog\u00e9s \u00e0 divulguer leurs handicaps.\n17 Enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s des personnes affect\u00e9es, Renforcer la recevabilit\u00e9 au Tchad, GTS/CHS (2018)\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "majeurs. Ceci favorise le d\u00e9veloppement des syst\u00e8mes parall\u00e8les, coutumiers, religieux ou\ninformels de r\u00e9solution des conflits de plus de 294 groupes ethniques au Tchad. Les croyances\ntraditionnelles sont souvent particuli\u00e8rement dangereuses pour les personnes en situation de\nhandicap (ex : le cas des enfants serpents, o\u00f9 le handicap est vu comme une mal\u00e9diction).\n\n\nEn principe la constitution de la quatri\u00e8me r\u00e9publique, stipule dans son article 37 que: \u00abJusqu\u2019\u00e0\nleur codification, les r\u00e8gles coutumi\u00e8res et traditionnelles ne s'appliquent que dans les\ncommunaut\u00e9s ou elles sont reconnues. Toutefois, les coutumes contraires \u00e0 l'ordre public ou\ncelles qui pr\u00f4nent l'in\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les citoyens sont interdites\u00bb.\n\n###### **Conflits intercommunautaires**\n\n\nLe d\u00e9placement prolong\u00e9 accro\u00eet la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes affect\u00e9es ainsi que le risque de\ntensions intercommunautaires. Les conflits et les tensions intercommunautaires enregistr\u00e9s en\n2018 sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la forte pression sur les ressources disponibles (terres, eau, p\u00e2turage) et\nl\u2019augmentation des prix de certains articles. Les conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs et entre\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil rapport\u00e9s dans la province du Lac et les\nprovinces du Sud ont occasionn\u00e9 des pertes en vies humaines et pouss\u00e9 plusieurs centaines de\n###### personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer pour trouver refuge dans d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s [18] .\n\n\n18 HNO 2019\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9390ae84-e71d-3679-bcee-7f5b06264457/analyse_de_protection_tchad_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_766/raw/doc_766_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_766/raw/doc_766_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b884bb00af80bbb122451b2d5e5d8e34b5e83360..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_766/raw/doc_766_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**ANALYSE DES INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION ET MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n**CLUSTER PROTECTION HUB-SUD-EST- SEPTEMBRE 2020**\n\n\n**I.** **APER\u00c7U DU CONTEXTE SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n1.NYUZU\n2.Nord de Kalemie\n3.Pweto\n4.Moba\n\n\n_Localisation des_ groupes arm\u00e9s et les milices _-provinces du Tanganyka et du Haut Katanga_\n\n\nAu cours du mois de septembre 2020 **,** une accalmie a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans la plupart des territoires des provinces\ndu Tanganyka et du Haut Katanga. N\u00e9anmoins, la partie nord-est du territoire de Nyunzu demeure sous les\nop\u00e9rations militaires des FARDC pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au nord de Lukuga, contre les groupes arm\u00e9s et les milices.\n\n\nLes embuscades des miliciens Twas \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civils se poursuivent, mais \u00e9galement l\u2019activisme des groupes\narm\u00e9s au nord des territoires de Kalemie et Nyunzu sur les axes routiers Tundwa -Bendera -Manyanga Nyunzu Kabeya Mayi- Kisengo pour des fins \u00e9conomique (zone mini\u00e8re, attaque des v\u00e9hicules commerciaux, vols des\nmotos, Pillage de biens\u2026) **.** Parmi les 25 aires de sant\u00e9 du territoire de Nyunzu, **sept (7)** demeurent encore non\naccessibles **(source OCHA).** Au nord du territoire de Kongolo, les Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Mala\u00efka poursuivent les raids dans\nplusieurs villages ; Les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019anciens combattants et de populations civiles se poursuivent ainsi que\nla persistance des tracasseries polici\u00e8res par les FARDC et d\u2019autres acteurs s\u00e9curitaires dans plusieurs territoires.\n\n\n**176 incidents** de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au mois de septembre 2020 contre **128** au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2020 avec **2038**\nvictimes dont **43%** de femmes et **15%** d\u2019enfants. Les victimes sont \u00e0 **90%** touch\u00e9es par les violations du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 suite aux multiples cas de vols et de pillages ; ensuite les victimes de viols et autres VBG **5%,** les cas\nd\u2019atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique **3%** (bless\u00e9s par fl\u00e8ches, machettes) et enfin les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements **2%.**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a12bda4-d98d-37a9-97b6-c69a5b4e4c05/analyse_incidents_de_protection-mouvements_populations-cp-hub_sud-est_sept_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les territoires les plus touch\u00e9s par les incidents de\nprotection au cours du mois de septembre 2020 sont celui\nde Manono principalement les villages situ\u00e9s au nord-est,\nla zone de sant\u00e9 de Kiyambi avec 992 victimes (province\nde Tanganyika) et le sud territoire de Pweto (province du\nHaut Katanga), la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kilwa avec 812 victimes\n_(cf carte ci-attach\u00e9e)._ Les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s sont en\nmajorit\u00e9 les miliciens Twas (48%) et les Mai Mai (40%) ;\nmais \u00e9galement les FARDC (4%), les auteurs non identifi\u00e9s\n(5%) et la population civile (3%) _(source Monitoring de_\n_protection et acteurs de protection)._\n\n\nLes incidents sont rapport\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rents villages du\nterritoire de Manono sur l'axe Nyunzu-Mukebo du fait de la\npr\u00e9sence des groupes arm\u00e9s et des milices Twas qui\ncommettent des exactions. Cette recrudescence des\nincidents sur **L'axe Nyunzu - Manono** serait due au fait\nque la population Bantou est concentr\u00e9e dans les villages\nde Lwaba et Mukebo et ces environs, d\u2019o\u00f9 ces incursions\net attaques des Twas, mais aussi la pr\u00e9sence\ndes seigneurs de guerre Twas (Yumba Icha) serait signal\u00e9e\ndans cette zone. En ce qui concerne le **territoire de Pweto,**\nun mouvement massif des personnes retourn\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9 au cours des 6 derniers mois, mais \u00e9galement\nplusieurs incidents de protection.\n\n\n**II.** **MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\nLes **donn\u00e9es de la CMP du mois de septembre 2020** repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sur la carte ci-dessus, ressortent une poursuite\ndes mouvements de retour dans les territoires de Kalemie, Nyunzu, Kabalo et Pweto, notamment suite \u00e0 la\nsensibilisation des autorit\u00e9s avec une promesse de renforcement des conditions s\u00e9curitaires, mais les raisons\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a12bda4-d98d-37a9-97b6-c69a5b4e4c05/analyse_incidents_de_protection-mouvements_populations-cp-hub_sud-est_sept_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "principales sont li\u00e9es aux conditions de vie tr\u00e8s difficile dans les villages d\u2019accueil et l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire dans plusieurs villages.\n\n\nDans les villages Makumbo et Ngoy du territoire de Nyunzu plus de 9000 personnes nouvellement retourn\u00e9es en\nmajorit\u00e9 membres de la communaut\u00e9 Twa sont signal\u00e9es. Aussi, plus de 1500 personnes sont retourn\u00e9es dans le\nterritoire de Kongolo au cours du mois de septembre 2020, et environ 4000 m\u00e9nages retourn\u00e9s au cours des 6 derniers\nmois sont \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9s dans les Zones de sante de Kilwa Kiyambi et Pweto _(source Monitoring de protection_\n_et acteurs de protection)._\n\n\nLa situation dans les villages de retour reste tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9caire, les conditions d\u2019h\u00e9bergement sont difficiles ; certains sont\ndans des familles d\u2019accueil et d\u2019autres passent la nuit \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile. Ce qui implique un s\u00e9rieux besoin d\u2019appui car\nles maisons sont en majorit\u00e9 d\u00e9truites et d\u2019autres v\u00e9tustes. Certains ont d\u00e9but\u00e9 la construction de cases avec beaucoup\nde difficult\u00e9s d\u2019obtention de chaume pour couvrir les toits.\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, l\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile aux soins de sant\u00e9 pour les enfants, les femmes enceintes (consultation pr\u00e9natale) et autres\nPBS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s avec une exposition aux intemp\u00e9ries et maladies hydriques et end\u00e9miques en cette saison de\npluie. Il en est de m\u00eame de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux champs (les champs envahis par la brousse, pas de semences\u2026) avec des\ncas de tensions li\u00e9es aux occupations ill\u00e9gales des terres **.** Certains villages de retour sont habit\u00e9s \u00e0 la fois par les\nBantous et les Twas avec un risque de recrudescence des tensions inter communautaires. Nous constatons \u00e9galement\nque certains territoires de retour accueillent \u00e9galement des PDIs (Kalemie, Pweto, Nyunzu, Moba).\n\n\nCette situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante ainsi que les mouvements pendulaires de populations augmentent leur\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duisent les capacit\u00e9s des familles \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins primaires ; ce qui les exposent\ndavantage aux probl\u00e8mes et risques de protection, en particulier des enfants et des femmes (exploitation des enfants\n\u00e0 des fins \u00e9conomiques, sexe pour la survie, violences conjugales, viols et autres).\n\n\nPlusieurs cas de mariage pr\u00e9coces dans les territoires de Kongolo, Mbulula suite \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile aux moyens de\nsubsistance de la plupart des m\u00e9nages (acc\u00e8s aux champs, activit\u00e9s commerciales\u2026), ainsi que des cas de\nmalnutrition ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s.\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la situation de protection reste toujours pr\u00e9occupante avec une capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse des acteurs\ntr\u00e8s faible par rapport aux besoins urgents identifi\u00e9s apr\u00e8s plusieurs \u00e9valuations multisectorielles r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans\nvillages de retour (territoires de Kongolo et Pweto).\n\n\nPlusieurs r\u00e9ponses sont en cours et dans diff\u00e9rents secteurs (sant\u00e9, WASH SECAL, relance agricole, Protection, CASH\nmulti purpose.), mais les r\u00e9ponses actuelles sont tr\u00e8s insuffisantes pour couvrir les besoins urgents des populations\nvuln\u00e9rables (d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, retourn\u00e9es, h\u00f4tes) identifi\u00e9es. Les besoins urgents restent les abris, les vivres, les soins de\nsant\u00e9 primaire et de protection.\n\n\n**III.** **QUELQUES RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n - R\u00e9aliser un exercice de profilage dans les zones de retour en vue des r\u00e9ponses sp\u00e9cifiques **: GT CCCM ;**\n\n - Mettre \u00e0 jour des Chiffres de retourn\u00e9s et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Manono, Kongolo et Moba pour faciliter les r\u00e9ponses\ndes acteurs humanitaires : **CMP ;**\n\n - Mener des \u00e9valuations de protection dans les villages de retour (kongolo, 3 nouvelles aires de sante\naccessibles de Nyunzu **: Acteurs de protection-Cluster protection ;**\n\n - Poursuivre les activit\u00e9s pour la coexistence pacifique entre les communaut\u00e9s : **Acteurs du GTDIC-**\n**Gouvernement ;**\n\n - Poursuivre l\u2019analyse du DO NO Harm dans nos r\u00e9ponses ainsi que la sensibilit\u00e9 au conflit avec un accent\nparticulier \u00e0 Nyunzu : **Cluster Protection- Inter cluster ;**\n\n - Poursuivre les actions de plaidoyer pour le financement des projets de protection : **OCHA-Cluster**\n**Protection-Gouvernement ;**\n\n - Poursuivre les sensibilisations et l\u2019appui pour le traitement des eaux : **Cluster WASH ;**\n\n - Appuyer les familles retourn\u00e9es et vuln\u00e9rables en abris ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la reconstruction de leur maison : **Cluster**\n**abris-AME ;**\n\n - Appuyer les familles \u00e0 la relance agricole : distribution des semences, CASH et autres ; **Cluster SECAL ;**\n\n - Renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour les enfants dans les villages de d\u00e9placement et de retour : **Cluster**\n**Education-Gouvernement-Cluster protection.**\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a12bda4-d98d-37a9-97b6-c69a5b4e4c05/analyse_incidents_de_protection-mouvements_populations-cp-hub_sud-est_sept_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_767/raw/doc_767_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_767/raw/doc_767_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 757ddc4daa4c584834204ec0a4a820b2a2a2e096..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_767/raw/doc_767_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,233 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Analyse de Protection**\n### Mise \u00e0 jour des tendances en mati\u00e8re de conflits et de risques de protection au premier semestre 2024\n\n#### **JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n##### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLa situation de protection des civils de janvier \u00e0 juin\n2024 a continu\u00e9 de se d\u00e9grader, avec le retrait de la\nMission multidimensionnelle int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des Nations\nUnies pour la stabilisation au Mali (MINUSMA), ainsi\nque la reprise des hostilit\u00e9s entre l\u2019arm\u00e9e malienne et\nles autres groupes arm\u00e9s signataires de l\u2019accord d\u2019Alger\nde 2015. Le contexte humanitaire et de protection\ndevient de plus en plus complexe et dynamique avec la\nmultiplication des attaques indiscrimin\u00e9es des groupes\narm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE), les op\u00e9rations militaires\npour contenir ces attaques, les blocus sur les axes\nroutiers et l\u2019expansion de la crise vers les r\u00e9gions du sud\net de l\u2019ouest du pays.\n\n\nAu 31 mai 2024, le Gouvernement malien\ncommuniquait le chiffre officiel de **330 713 personnes**\n**d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes** reparties entre **87 623 m\u00e9nages** au\nMali, cela \u00e0 travers le programme Matrice de Suivi des\nD\u00e9placements ( _Displacement Tracking Matrix_, DTM en anglais). Les enfants et les femmes adultes enregistr\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent\n58% et 26% des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, respectivement. Les affrontements entre les groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux ou entre les groupes\narm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques et les FAMa, les incursions des GANE dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s et la menace des engins explosifs ont aussi\nentrain\u00e9 des mouvements de population vers les pays limitrophes (Alg\u00e9rie et Mauritanie) ou vers le sud du Mali. Cette situation\ntouche principalement le Nord-Ouest de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou et de Taoud\u00e9ni, les r\u00e9gions de M\u00e9naka, Kidal, Mopti et\ncertaines localit\u00e9s de la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou.\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a continu\u00e9 de se d\u00e9grader, avec une augmentation de\n**288% des violations de droits humains** rapport\u00e9es (par rapport au 1er semestre 2023) par le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de\nprotection. Les cat\u00e9gories de violations les plus fr\u00e9quentes au cours de cette p\u00e9riode sont les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\net/ou psychique **,** les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et le mouvement forc\u00e9 de population. Les r\u00e9gions les plus touch\u00e9es sont\nGao **,** Mopti **,** Douentza, Bandiagara, S\u00e9gou et Tombouctou.\n\n\nLes risques de protection n\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate au cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse sont les\nsuivants :\n\n\n - **Attaques contre des civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil.**\n\n - **Entraves ou restrictions ill\u00e9gales \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de circulation, si\u00e8ge et d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.**\n\n - **Enl\u00e8vement, s\u00e9questration, disparition forc\u00e9e, arrestation et/ou d\u00e9tention arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale.**\n\n - **Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre.**\n\n - **Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs.**\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nDans le cadre du Mali, des actions urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires afin de r\u00e9duire l\u2019exposition des populations civiles aux risques de\nprotection et leur recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives, motiv\u00e9es par les conflits arm\u00e9s et la violence, ainsi que les\nchocs climatiques, avec le d\u00e9placement et les cons\u00e9quences li\u00e9es \u00e0 tous ces facteurs. Il est de la plus haute importance de :\n\n\n - Respecter et prot\u00e9ger les droits des civils, les biens civils, y compris l\u2019assurance de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des civils aux services de base\n(eau, vivres, soins m\u00e9dicaux, \u00e9ducation, march\u00e9s\u2026).\n\n - Garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire, notamment en permettant aux acteurs humanitaires d\u2019acc\u00e9der\nen toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et sans entrave aux personnes dans le besoin.\n\n - Intensifier la r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre et \u00e0 la s\u00e9paration des enfants et des\nfamilles, y compris la gestion de cas, la sant\u00e9 mentale et le soutien psychosocial, mais aussi les interventions de\npr\u00e9vention et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques de protection.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n##### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n\n**VIOLATIONS DES** **INCIDENTS DE VBG** **ATTAQUES CONTRE LES** **NOMBRE DE** **VIOLATIONS GRAVES**\n**DROITS HUMAINS** **CIVILS** **PERSONNES D\u00c9PLAC\u00c9ES** **CONTRE LES ENFANTS**\n## **19 113 7 641 2 009 330 713 1 141**\n\n\n\n**VIOLATIONS DES**\n**DROITS HUMAINS**\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS DE VBG** **ATTAQUES CONTRE LES**\n\n\n\n**CIVILS**\n\n\n\n**NOMBRE DE**\n**PERSONNES D\u00c9PLAC\u00c9ES**\n\n\n\n**% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLe Mali, situ\u00e9 dans le Sahel central, fait face, depuis 2012, \u00e0 une spirale de conflits et de violences multiformes dans laquelle\nles populations civiles sont quotidiennement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des violations de leurs droits et \u00e0 des atteintes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es \u00e0 leur dignit\u00e9 [i] .\nAffectant en premier lieu les r\u00e9gions du nord, les violences se sont propag\u00e9es au fil des ann\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions du centre et\nsud du pays [ii] . Cette situation combin\u00e9e aux chocs exog\u00e8nes de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es a accru la pauvret\u00e9, aggrav\u00e9 la situation\nhumanitaire, exacerb\u00e9 les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre et les risques de Violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG) associ\u00e9s, et entrain\u00e9 des\ntensions qui mettent en p\u00e9ril la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Par ailleurs, ces violences s\u2019associent \u00e0 une forte croissance d\u00e9mographique\net aux effets du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique (qui se manifestent au Mali notamment par des \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresses et\nd\u2019inondations selon les r\u00e9gions et rendent l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage de plus en difficile) et menacent la situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la malnutrition associ\u00e9e impactent particuli\u00e8rement la\nsant\u00e9 des personnes vuln\u00e9rables (malnutrition infantile).\n\n\n**UN CONTEXTE POLITIQUE, S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET SOCIO\u00c9CONOMIQUE TENDU**\n\n\nLe contexte politique et s\u00e9curitaire au Mali a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente avec l\u2019adoption le 30 juin 2023 par le Conseil\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9solution 2690 mettant fin au mandat de la MINUSMA, la promulgation de la nouvelle Constitution le 22\njuillet 2023 ainsi que l\u2019annonce faite par le Gouvernement le 25 septembre 2023 de reporter les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, y compris\nl\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle initialement pr\u00e9vue en f\u00e9vrier 2024. Le 13 mai 2024, la transition au Mali a \u00e9t\u00e9 rallong\u00e9e de trois ans\nsuite \u00e0 l\u2019organisation d\u2019un dialogue national au Mali, courant dor\u00e9navant jusqu\u2019en 2027, bien que les autorit\u00e9s de transition\ns\u2019\u00e9taient d\u2019abord engag\u00e9es \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir cette transition avant mars 2024.\n\n\nPlusieurs acteurs arm\u00e9s sont impliqu\u00e9s dans le conflit au Mali, avec des objectifs et approches diff\u00e9rents. L\u2019accord de paix, qui\navait \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 en 2015 entre le gouvernement Malien et une coalition de groupes arm\u00e9s (principalement issus de l\u2019ethnie\ntouareg bas\u00e9e dans le nord du Mali : Coordination des Mouvements de l\u2019Azawad (CMA)), a pris fin le 25 janvier 2024 \u00e0 la suite\nd'une d\u00e9claration des autorit\u00e9s de la transition malienne. La situation s\u00e9curitaire au Mali est marqu\u00e9e par une reprise des\nhostilit\u00e9s et des op\u00e9rations de reconqu\u00eate du territoire national par les FAMa (reprise de Ber, Kidal...) dans le Nord, la zone\ndes trois fronti\u00e8res et du Centre [iii] .\n\n\nCette situation a renforc\u00e9 la fragilit\u00e9 des interventions humanitaires et de l\u2019environnement de protection des civils, en\nparticulier les femmes et les filles [iv] . Le 28 janvier 2024, le Mali a annonc\u00e9 son intention de retrait de la CEDEAO avec le Niger\net le Burkina Faso. Dans le sillage des coups d'\u00c9tat militaires successifs qui promettaient d'am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion,\nles niveaux de violence politique au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger avaient en 2023 augment\u00e9 de 5% par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, et de 46% par rapport \u00e0 2021 [v] . Enracin\u00e9 dans un contexte r\u00e9gional, la situation au Mali est fortement li\u00e9e \u00e0 celle\ndes pays voisins (notamment pour les d\u00e9placements de populations), comme le Niger et le Burkina Faso, mais aussi plus\nr\u00e9cemment avec la Mauritanie du fait de tensions politiques.\n\n\nAu-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res nationales, des zones comme le Liptako-Gourma montrent aussi que sont en jeu des dynamiques plut\u00f4t\nr\u00e9gionales, mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par la charte sign\u00e9e en octobre 2023, donnant cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Alliance des Etats du Sahel (AES).\n\n\nEnfin, la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique au Mali impacte \u00e9galement le tissu \u00e9conomique et est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment contextuel central dans le paysage\nsocio-\u00e9conomique [vi], malgr\u00e9 des pr\u00e9visions continues de croissance, du fait de la reprise de la production de coton, des activit\u00e9s\nextractives (lithium notamment), de la production industrielle d\u2019or et du lancement/restructuration d\u2019industries [vii] .\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\n**LA PROTECTION DES POPULATIONS CIVILES, ENJEU MAJEUR DE LA CRISE MALIENNE**\n\n\nDurant les 6 premiers mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, l\u2019arm\u00e9e malienne a intensifi\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations militaires dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao,\nKidal, M\u00e9naka, S\u00e9gou et Tombouctou dans le but de lib\u00e9rer les zones occup\u00e9es par les groupes arm\u00e9s. Cependant, ces\nop\u00e9rations appuy\u00e9es par les partenaires et alli\u00e9s militaires, n\u2019ont pas toujours r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la capacit\u00e9 de nuisance des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s sur le terrain. Ceux-ci continuent les incursions et attaques sur les populations civiles ainsi que la pose d\u2019engins\nexplosifs sur les axes routiers. En cons\u00e9quence, une augmentation des incidents de protection (288%) a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9e, ainsi que la\nfermeture d\u2019\u00e9coles et de structures de sant\u00e9.\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a continu\u00e9 de se d\u00e9grader, avec **19 113** **violations de droits**\n**humains document\u00e9es** contre 4 920 au 1er semestre 2023 [viii] . Les cat\u00e9gories de violations les plus fr\u00e9quentes au cours de cette\np\u00e9riode sont les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychique **(7 265 cas),** les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 **(5 446 cas),** et\nle mouvement forc\u00e9 de population **(4 439 cas).** Les r\u00e9gions avec le plus grand nombre d\u2019incidents de protection document\u00e9s\nsont Gao **(29,81%)**, suivi de Mopti **(29.57%)**, S\u00e9gou **(15,20%)** et Tombouctou **(11,36%).**\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, l\u2019environnement de protection est \u00e9galement rest\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une hausse (+11%) des\nviolations graves envers les enfants [ix] . De janvier \u00e0 juin 2024, **7 641 incidents de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre** (VBG) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s **dans le GBVIMS** dont 5 326 cas au second trimestre (avril-juin 2024), soit une hausse de 230% compar\u00e9 au 1er\ntrimestre (avec 2 315 cas). Au premier semestre 2023, 4 591 incidents VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Il est a not\u00e9 que ceci ne\nrepr\u00e9sente pas la situation r\u00e9elle des VBG, car ce sont les cas document\u00e9s aux points de prestations de services uniquement.\n\n\nLa situation de d\u00e9placement au Mali est le r\u00e9sultat de la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs, comprenant : 1) les conflits et les\naffrontements, 2) la situation humanitaire des populations [x] et un environnement de protection d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9, 3) les effets des\ncatastrophes naturelles et climatiques, ainsi que 4) la violence intercommunautaire [xi] . Ces facteurs sont aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 la base\ndu d\u00e9placement de plus 330 000 personnes dans le pays et de **288 471 autres** vers les pays voisins.\n\n##### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION** biens de caract\u00e8re civil\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es ACLED, au premier semestre 2024, au moins 2 009 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es dans le cadre de la violence\narm\u00e9e avec 790 incidents s\u00e9curitaires recens\u00e9s (conflit arm\u00e9, violences contre les civils et explosions) et touchant 10 r\u00e9gions\nau Mali. Les victimes civiles sont principalement recens\u00e9es dans le cadre des violences contre les civils (870 personnes tu\u00e9es\nsur la p\u00e9riode), suivie des affrontements arm\u00e9s/batailles (858 d\u00e9c\u00e8s) et des explosions/violence \u00e0 distance (284 personnes).\nLa majorit\u00e9 des cas sont concentr\u00e9s dans la zone de Mopti, suivi de S\u00e9gou et de Gao [xii] . Plusieurs tirs d\u2019obus et frappes de\ndrones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 et au premier trimestre 2024, affectant des zones civiles et entra\u00eenant des\npertes civiles.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\nLe Rapport Annuel du Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations-Unies sur les enfants et les conflits arm\u00e9s au Mali, publi\u00e9 au mois de juin\n2024, indique **107 cas de meurtres** et **153 cas de blessures graves contre les enfants**, v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s par le Groupe de Travail sur la\nSurveillance et la Communication des Six Violations Graves (CTFMR) en 2023. Les gar\u00e7ons repr\u00e9sentent 68% des cas.\n\n\nLes porteurs d\u2019armes sont principalement identifi\u00e9s comme responsables des attaques contre les civils, les biens de caract\u00e8re\ncivil et les homicides ill\u00e9gaux. Dans plusieurs incidents rapport\u00e9s, les responsables des attaques restent pourtant non\nidentifi\u00e9s [xiii] . Les milices ethniques sont \u00e9galement identifi\u00e9es comme responsables d\u2019attaques et d\u2019homicides envers les civils,\nau premier semestre 2024. Ces attaques rel\u00e8vent d\u2019un cycle de violence et de repr\u00e9sailles entre plusieurs groupes ethniques,\navec une instrumentalisation des violences communautaires [xiv] .\n\n\nLes attaques font partie des modalit\u00e9s de combat dans un contexte o\u00f9 les affrontements ont repris et se sont amplifi\u00e9s,\nnotamment suite \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019accord d\u2019Alger et au d\u00e9part de la MINUSMA, mais aussi avec une prolif\u00e9ration de la circulation\nd\u2019armes. Les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques lancent des offensives et op\u00e9rations de grandes envergure contre les positions\nmilitaires et contre les villes et villages pour l\u2019occupation des territoires, notamment au travers des blocus et du blocage des\naxes de transit. Les FAMa quant \u00e0 eux m\u00e8nent des op\u00e9rations de s\u00e9curisation du territoire national. Bien que certains des\nincidents rapport\u00e9s dans ce risque frappent les populations civiles indistinctement, lors des attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, les hommes et les gar\u00e7ons semblent plus souvent cibl\u00e9s, notamment selon les all\u00e9gations de leur\nsupport/soutien \u00e0 l\u2019Etat. N\u00e9anmoins les femmes et les filles sont \u00e9galement victimes et ce sont notamment les caract\u00e9ristiques\nde vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 tels que le d\u00e9placement, le handicap, la s\u00e9paration qui accentuent l\u2019exposition au risque. Les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es et rapatri\u00e9es sont elles aussi expos\u00e9es, notamment lors des d\u00e9placements o\u00f9 les risques de\ns\u00e9paration des familles restent \u00e9lev\u00e9s (607 ENA-ES assist\u00e9s au 18 juillet 2024) [xv] . Ce risque est le moteur principal d\u2019autres\nrisques (pouvant entra\u00eener des cons\u00e9quences physiques mais aussi psychologiques et mentales, la s\u00e9paration des familles, des\nviolences sexuelles, des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s) ainsi que des probl\u00e9matiques humanitaires dans les autres secteurs avec\nnotamment la destruction de biens et infrastructures civiles privant les populations \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base\n(sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire etc.).\n\n\nEn f\u00e9vrier 2024, 1 743 \u00e9coles sont rest\u00e9es ferm\u00e9es du fait de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones en crise, affectant ainsi 522 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves,\navec des impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur le bien-\u00eatre mental et psychosocial de ces enfants, en particulier des filles (cf. Cluster Education).\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection (P21), 62% des m\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s en janvier 2024, pensent que\nl\u2019environnement scolaire de leurs enfants n\u2019est pas s\u00e9curis\u00e9. Cela les prive de leur droit \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et augmente leur\nexposition \u00e0 des risques de protection tels que les mariages pr\u00e9coces, l'exploitation/abus sexuel et les enl\u00e8vements pour\nesclavage sexuel. Par ailleurs, dans les zones en conflit, 550 140 personnes sont affect\u00e9es par la fermeture d\u00e9finitive, le nonfonctionnement et le fonctionnement partiel de 81 structures sanitaires dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Kidal, Mopti, Taoud\u00e9nit et\nTombouctou (cf. Cluster Sant\u00e9).\n\n\nL\u2019escalade de la violence et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019intensification des offensives militaires et de l\u2019impact sur les civils \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2023, ont pouss\u00e9 les populations \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer [xvi] et /ou \u00e0 restreindre leurs d\u00e9placements. Au niveau des communaut\u00e9s locales,\nl\u2019adoption de plusieurs strat\u00e9gies pour minimiser les risques li\u00e9s aux attaques contre les civils et homicides ill\u00e9gaux sont\nrapport\u00e9es, notamment au travers de (i) la mise en place de comit\u00e9s locaux de protection communautaire, qui se veulent\ninclusif avec une participation \u00e0 la fois des femmes, hommes et jeunes ; (ii) l\u2019identification des points focaux et relais\ncommunautaires au sein des villages en charge de la remont\u00e9e des informations, et de la communication d\u2019alertes de menaces\nd\u2019attaques; (iii) les comit\u00e9s de gestion de conflit pr\u00e9sents dans les communes et villages en charge de veiller \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention et\ngestion des conflits communautaire ; (iv) le parlement des enfants au chef-lieu de cercles et les comit\u00e9s de protection des\nenfants dans les communes pour alerter sur les violations touchant les enfants ; (v) les cliniques juridiques avec les parajuristes\ndont le r\u00f4le consiste \u00e0 conseiller, sensibiliser, orienter les populations sur les droits et devoirs. Enfin, les leaders\ncommunautaires (chef de village, fractions, \u00e9lus locaux) sont impliqu\u00e9s dans la facilitation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s en vue de r\u00e9pondre aux\nprobl\u00e8mes de protection et la d\u00e9livrance de l\u2019assistance.\n\n\nAu niveau institutionnel certaines capacit\u00e9s existent \u00e9galement, notamment au travers de la r\u00e9ponse du gouvernement dans\nle cadre de la protection des civils avec la mise en place dans chaque r\u00e9gion d\u2019un comit\u00e9 de gestion des crises et catastrophes\nvisant \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre urgemment aux probl\u00e8mes de protection et de coordination de l\u2019assistance aux populations touch\u00e9es ;\nl\u2019existence d\u2019un comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019appui \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation des r\u00e9gions et communes mais aussi le comit\u00e9 technique pour la\ndomestication de la convention de Kampala ainsi que la CNDH, AMDH, CVJR, et le minist\u00e8re des Droits de l\u2019Homme. Il est\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\n\u00e9galement important de mentionner le cadre normatif r\u00e9primant les attaques contre les civils et homicides ill\u00e9gaux (code\np\u00e9nal, code des personnes et de la famille etc.) ainsi que la r\u00e9forme en cours du syst\u00e8me judiciaire pour rapprocher la justice\ndes justiciables.\n\n##### forc\u00e9\n\n\nPour la p\u00e9riode allant de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024, un total de 913 cas de restriction \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s et\n3 515 d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s en raison de violence, de conflit et d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 [xvii] . L'analyse de ce risque de protection rel\u00e8ve de\nplusieurs dynamiques : l\u2019impact sur la libert\u00e9 de circulation soit par la restriction de mouvement soit par la contrainte \u00e0 la fuite,\net dans une dimension parfois pr\u00e9ventive (anticipative) et d\u2019autre fois r\u00e9active (r\u00e9sultant d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement), les deux \u00e9tant\nintrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s**\n\n\nLa situation de d\u00e9placement au Mali au premier semestre 2024, est\nprincipalement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des **d\u00e9placements internes** avec un total\nde **330 713 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes** (au 1 [er] juin 2024) et **848 886**\n**PDIs retourn\u00e9s** (au 31 mai 2024) selon le gouvernement. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndemandeurs d\u2019asiles recens\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame date sont pr\u00e8s de 100,000 (au\n30 juin 2024), en provenance des pays limitrophes du Burkina Faso, du\nNiger et de la Mauritanie [xviii] . Certains d\u00e9placements transfrontaliers ont\npu \u00eatre observ\u00e9s, notamment vers la Mauritanie et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, dans le cadre\nde fuite li\u00e9e \u00e0 des confrontations entre groupes arm\u00e9s et forces de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale [xix] .\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection, 18% des m\u00e9nages\ninterrog\u00e9s avaient exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 un ou des mouvement(s) de population\nau premier semestre 2024 [xx] . Les r\u00e9sultats du DTM en mai 2024 ont montr\u00e9 que les conflits arm\u00e9s \u00e9taient la principale raison\nde d\u00e9placement (88%), suivi des tensions intercommunautaires (11%) et des catastrophes naturelles (2%) [xxi] . La prise de\ncontr\u00f4le de villages et de territoires plus large qui entra\u00eene d\u00e9placements de population et restrictions de mouvement a \u00e9t\u00e9\naccentu\u00e9e par la mont\u00e9e de la violence et de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions du Nord et du Centre du Mali, accompagn\u00e9e et\nrenforc\u00e9e par le retrait de la MINUSMA et la rupture d\u2019accords de paix locaux avec les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\n**Les restrictions de mouvement affectent pr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers des populations dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les affrontements**\n\n\nLes blocus et restrictions de mouvement font partie des tactiques mises en\nplace par les groupes arm\u00e9s pour le contr\u00f4le de certaines zones, et \u00e9voluent\nen fonction des affrontements (caract\u00e8re dynamique du conflit). Les\nsituations de blocus sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par des restrictions de mouvement,\nmais aussi des ultimatums, le tout parfois motiv\u00e9 par des soup\u00e7ons\nd\u2019all\u00e9geance et de soutien aux GANE ou \u00e0 la FAMa [xxii] . Ces situations de blocus\nseraient \u00e9galement en partie mises en place par les groupes arm\u00e9s pour isoler\net distancer les civils des forces arm\u00e9es et comme moyen de pression pour\nobliger l\u2019Etat \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier avec eux en montrant une influence plus\nimportante [xxiii] .\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, selon le monitoring de protection, 30% des r\u00e9pondants ont cit\u00e9 avoir exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 des restrictions\nde mouvement. Ces restrictions sont majoritairement du fait des activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s (41% du total des r\u00e9ponses) et\nportent sur les mouvements hors de la communaut\u00e9 (march\u00e9, centre de sant\u00e9 et autres activit\u00e9s).\n\n\nLes groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00ab pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux \u00bb responsables des blocus sont multiples (selon les affrontements et\noccupations). Ils sont aussi cit\u00e9s comme responsables de plusieurs situations de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s [xxiv] . Certains incidents\nsont attribu\u00e9s au grand banditisme sur les axes routiers.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\nLes populations affect\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et/ou restrictions de mouvement sont principalement les populations\nvivant dans les zones de conflit. Les victimes de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables du fait du caract\u00e8re\nsouvent soudain de ces d\u00e9placements qui les contraint \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer avec un\nminimum de biens personnels et par des moyens pr\u00e9caires (\u00e0 pied, charrette\netc.) et qui sont \u00e0 risque de d\u00e9velopper une certaine d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire [xxv] .\n\n\n**Les d\u00e9placements comme facteur exacerbant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations**\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de population renforcent la pauvret\u00e9 de celle-ci et\nlimitent encore les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 la suite, souvent, de la perte\nde leurs moyens de subsistance (laiss\u00e9s dans le village d\u2019origine, d\u00e9truits ou\nbr\u00fbl\u00e9s au cours des attaques), ce qui renforce l\u2019adoption de moyens\nd\u2019adaptation, plus ou moins graves selon les capacit\u00e9s des populations [xxvi] .\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation sont \u00e9galement interrompus dans\nces situations, accompagn\u00e9 des risques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9scolarisation (mariage\nd\u2019enfants, exploitation, travail forc\u00e9 des enfants, la mendicit\u00e9 etc..) [xxvii] . Ces\neffets sont combin\u00e9s avec la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, soumises\nsouvent aux conditions d\u2019accueil des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes qui elles-m\u00eames ont\nparfois des moyens limit\u00e9s et font face \u00e0 une pression sur les ressources\nexistantes, malgr\u00e9 un accueil favorable. De plus, l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire \u00e0 ces sites\nest souvent difficile, renfor\u00e7ant encore les contraintes sur les activit\u00e9s\nessentielles [xxviii] .\n\n\n**Violations de droits humains et difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement dans les situations de si\u00e8ge**\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection montrent un lien entre les contraintes de mouvement et les incidents de protection\nrapport\u00e9s, et que les zones exp\u00e9rimentant des restrictions de mouvement importantes comportent aussi des risques de\nprotection aggrav\u00e9s. Ainsi, les restrictions de mouvement peuvent d\u00e9grader l\u2019environnement de protection des civils et avoir\npour cons\u00e9quence une augmentation des incidents de protection.\n\n\nLa zone des trois fronti\u00e8res, le Liptako-Gourma, reste affect\u00e9e par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante et la d\u00e9gradation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du contexte\nhumanitaire au Sahel. Dans ce contexte, l\u2019action humanitaire est d\u00e9livr\u00e9e dans des conditions extr\u00eamement difficiles. Aux\nrisques d\u2019attaque ou d\u2019engins explosifs sur les axes routiers, s\u2019ajoutent les blocus instaur\u00e9s par les groupes arm\u00e9s. Il faut sans\ncesse n\u00e9gocier avec les militaires et les divers groupes arm\u00e9s pour r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux populations [xxix] .\n\nLe 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023, le Cadre Strat\u00e9gique Permanent (CSP), alliance de groupes rebelles arm\u00e9s, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9, dans un\ncommuniqu\u00e9, avoir d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00ab l\u2019instauration d\u2019un blocus total sur les axes allant de la fronti\u00e8re alg\u00e9rienne vers les villes de\nM\u00e9naka, Kidal, Gao, Tombouctou et Taoudeni \u00bb, les principales localit\u00e9s du nord qui s\u2019\u00e9tendent sur une vaste zone entre la\nMauritanie, le Mali et le Niger. Ce blocus \u00ab concerne tous les produits et tout type de moyens de transport \u00bb [xxx] . Depuis lors,\nmalgr\u00e9 des efforts des FAMa, l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire \u00e0 certaines localit\u00e9s sous si\u00e8ge demeure de plus en plus difficile.\n\n\nIl est important d\u2019indiquer que dans les situations de blocus, l\u2019approvisionnement en produits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et\nproduits de base est partiellement ou totalement interrompu, parfois depuis plusieurs mois ou ann\u00e9es, accentuant la pression\nsur les populations civiles et entravant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques [xxxi] . Ces difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement entra\u00eenent\ndes ruptures de stock et une augmentation des prix des denr\u00e9es de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 (ex : M\u00e9naka et Tombouctou) dans un\ncontexte o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux champs est souvent limit\u00e9 par ces m\u00eames restrictions de mouvements, o\u00f9 les b\u00e9tails et r\u00e9coltes sont\nparfois vol\u00e9s, br\u00fbl\u00e9s ou tax\u00e9s, o\u00f9 certains commerces sont contraints de fermer et o\u00f9 les effets du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique se\nfont particuli\u00e8rement sentir, avec des \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse ou d\u2019inondations importants. La situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\nest ainsi fortement d\u00e9grad\u00e9e dans les zones sous blocus [xxxii] . Ces situations renforcent l\u2019adoption de strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation\nn\u00e9gatives par les populations, en commen\u00e7ant par la suppression de la consommation de certains aliments, la r\u00e9duction des\nquantit\u00e9s consomm\u00e9s [xxxiii], mais \u00e9galement des situations pouvant aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9fastes d\u2019adaptation qui\ntouchent la situation de protection des personnes (travail forc\u00e9, travail des enfants, exploitation, mariage forc\u00e9, mariage des\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\nenfants etc.). Ces situations conduisent plus largement \u00e0 un impact sur la situation nutritionnelle, notamment des enfants de\nmoins de 5 ans, cela du fait de la d\u00e9gradation du niveau d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.\n\n\nUne lev\u00e9e partielle des blocus aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le Cadre strat\u00e9gique permanent pour la paix, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le\nd\u00e9veloppement (CSP-PSD), selon son porte-parole, du fait de la pression des chefs communautaires et des op\u00e9rateurs\n\u00e9conomiques de la zone, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou et Gao [xxxiv] . Ainsi, la n\u00e9gociation directe avec les groupes\nresponsables des blocus repr\u00e9sente une des capacit\u00e9s pouvant \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e par les populations affect\u00e9es. Dans la commune\nde Tombouctou, bien que le blocus n\u2019ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 techniquement lev\u00e9, les populations ont rapport\u00e9 l\u2019ayant contourn\u00e9 et ayant\ntrouv\u00e9 des moyens de se d\u00e9placer et acheminer des biens [xxxv] .\n\n\nPourtant, la capacit\u00e9 de n\u00e9gociation avec les GANE reste extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9e. Les textes juridiques de protection des\npersonnes et des biens, les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019actions et moyens administratifs existants, permettent \u00e9galement de mitiger les\neffets de ce risque. Pourtant, ces capacit\u00e9s sont limit\u00e9es par la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019appliquer les textes juridiques, par les m\u00e9canismes\net moyens limit\u00e9s de rel\u00e8vement des populations et le manque de services sociaux de base pour la prise en charge des\npersonnes affect\u00e9es.\n\n##### arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale\n\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection, **889 atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es\nau premier semestre 2024, parmi lesquelles **632 enl\u00e8vements et disparitions forc\u00e9es** et **95 cas d\u2019arrestation et/ou d\u00e9tention**\n**arbitraire et ill\u00e9gale** . Sur cette m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, **696 cas l\u2019enl\u00e8vements** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par INSO, avec un pic notamment\nobserv\u00e9 en avril o\u00f9 les enl\u00e8vements auraient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 plus de la moiti\u00e9 des incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 impactant les civils [xxxvi] . Les\nr\u00e9gions du Nord (notamment Gao, Kidal, M\u00e9naka et Tombouctou) et du Centre (Mopti et S\u00e9gou) restent les plus touch\u00e9es,\nmais on enregistre des cas \u00e9galement dans le Sud du pays (notamment \u00e0 Sikasso) qui a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre couvert par le\nmonitoring de protection \u00e0 partir de janvier 2024.\n\n\nLes derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es disponibles sur les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de recrutement des enfants datent de 2023. En effet, le dernier\nRapport Annuel du Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations-Unies sur les enfants et les conflits arm\u00e9s au Mali indique **91 cas**\n**d\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfants** par une partie au conflit qui ont pu \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s par le Groupe de Travail sur la Surveillance et la\nCommunication des Six violations Graves (CTFMR). Les gar\u00e7ons repr\u00e9sentent 74% des cas. Cette tendance est \u00e0 la **baisse de**\n**16,5%** par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9 **763 enfants recrut\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s** par les forces et groupes\narm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa d\u00e9tention des enfants par les forces nationales ou internationales pour des raisons li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019association \u00e0 un groupe arm\u00e9\nou des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale n\u2019est pas une violation grave mais est, en revanche, une \u00ab situation pr\u00e9occupante \u00bb\nmonitor\u00e9e par le rapport annuel du S.G sur les enfants et les conflits arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe contexte g\u00e9opolitique dans lequel ces violations ont lieues est marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s et l\u2019extension de\nleurs zones d\u2019influence, tandis que les contre-offensives sont organis\u00e9es par les FAMa et les groupes associ\u00e9s dans un contexte\nde fin de l\u2019accord d\u2019Alger et de d\u00e9part de la MINUSMA. Ces violations, bien que difficiles \u00e0 rapporter, s\u2019inscrivent ainsi dans\nune dynamique plus large de terreur, de contr\u00f4le, ainsi que de restrictions de l\u2019espace civique, de r\u00e9pression des voix\ndissonantes, et sont souvent accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019intimidations et de menaces.\n\n\nBien que toutes les couches sociales semblent expos\u00e9es \u00e0 cette menace, les incidents observ\u00e9s au premier semestre 2024\nmontrent que les civils sont notamment vuln\u00e9rables lors des d\u00e9placements. C\u2019est le cas des incidents survenus sur la route\ndite \u201cserpent\u00e9e\u201d (reliant Bandiagara \u00e0 Bankass), r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement rapport\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019attaques et embuscades,\naccompagn\u00e9es d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civil et ciblant des bus dans la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion, ainsi que de violences et parfois de\ns\u00e9questrations longues [xxxvii] . Lors des d\u00e9placements journaliers (pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s au bois de chauffe et \u00e0 l\u2019eau, dont les filles et les\nfemmes ont principalement la charge) ces risques sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Les acteurs humanitaires restent \u00e9galement cibl\u00e9s par les\nenl\u00e8vements, r\u00e9duisant encore l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire \u00e0 certaines zones.\n\n\nCes incidents ont des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes multiples sur les populations civiles avec des risques de violences et d\u2019atteinte \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychologique rapport\u00e9s, des risques de torture, traitements cruels et inhumains, mais aussi de\nrecrutement ou association forc\u00e9s (et notamment d\u2019enfants) par les groupes arm\u00e9s, ainsi que de travail forc\u00e9 et/ou\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\nd\u2019exploitation, dont sexuelle et une exposition aux VBG. Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les enl\u00e8vements comme les disparitions forc\u00e9s\nparticipent au sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 (cf. donn\u00e9es du P21) et \u00e0 l\u2019effritement de la coh\u00e9sion sociale dans des climats de\nsuspicion, de d\u00e9nonciation et de restriction de l\u2019espace civique.\n\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s mobilisent certaines capacit\u00e9s pour faire face \u00e0 ce risque, bas\u00e9es notamment sur la reconnaissance des\nlieux o\u00f9 il y a une r\u00e9currence des incidents en informant les membres de la communaut\u00e9, les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques mais aussi les\nacteurs humanitaires et parfois en organisant le blocage des routes trop expos\u00e9es [xxxviii] . Des structures traditionnelles disposant\nde m\u00e9canismes informels de n\u00e9gociation sont \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9es, avec aussi une prise en charge des victimes au sein de\nleurs familles et communaut\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019elles rentrent d\u2019un \u00e9pisode d\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Pourtant, le rapportage en temps r\u00e9el et\nsyst\u00e9matique de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements semble limit\u00e9 avec des acteurs qui ont la charge de prot\u00e9ger les d\u00e9tenteurs de droits (e.g.\n\u00e9tatiques) qui ne sont pas toujours pr\u00e9sents sur les zones affect\u00e9es et dont \u201cl\u2019inaction\u201d est parfois d\u00e9nonc\u00e9e. La difficult\u00e9 de\nrapporter les arrestations arbitraires est \u00e9galement \u00e0 noter, avec notamment la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire pour le\nplaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des acteurs pertinents et la protection des personnes vuln\u00e9rables qui reste faible.\n\n\nLe Mali a pourtant mis en place un dispositif juridique (constitution nationale du 22 juillet 2023, articles 2 \u00e0 4 et 6) prot\u00e9geant\nses ressortissants contre les arrestations arbitraires, encadrant la d\u00e9tention et mettant en place des voies de recours contre\nles abus judiciaires (d\u00e9passement des d\u00e9lais de d\u00e9tention notamment).\n#### RISQUE 4 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\nEntre janvier et juin 2024, les prestataires de services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les VBG\nutilisant le syst\u00e8me GBVIMS, ont document\u00e9 un total de **7 641 incidents de**\n**violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, contre 4591 incidents \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023**\nsoit une augmentation consid\u00e9rable de **66%** . Parmi ces incidents, 70%, soit 5 326\ncas, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre avril et juin 2024, indiquant une augmentation de 89%\npar rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023. Parmi les 5 326 incidents rapport\u00e9s au\ndeuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2024, 33% concernent des cas de d\u00e9ni de ressources, 23% des\nviolences sexuelles, incluant 13% de viols/p\u00e9n\u00e9trations et 10% d'agressions\nsexuelles. Les cas de mariage forc\u00e9 ont augment\u00e9, passant de 7% au premier\ntrimestre \u00e0 11% au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre. Les agressions physiques repr\u00e9sentent 15% et les violences psychologiques 18%.\n\n\nAu travers du monitoring de protection au semestre 1, les VBG \u00e9taient cit\u00e9es comme incident de protection par 11% des\nr\u00e9pondants informateurs cl\u00e9s (P21 S1 2024).\n\n\nLes r\u00e9gions du Centre ont connu une forte hausse des cas de VBG en 2024, avec\n3944 incidents signal\u00e9s entre janvier et juin. Mopti concentre 54% de ces cas,\nsuivie de Tombouctou (26%), Gao (12%) et M\u00e9naka (8%). Cette augmentation de\n38% par rapport \u00e0 2023 r\u00e9v\u00e8le une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation. Bien que moins\ntouch\u00e9es (432 cas), les r\u00e9gions de Koulikoro, Sikasso et S\u00e9gou font face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis\nmajeurs notamment des services limit\u00e9s pour les survivantes, un acc\u00e8s entrav\u00e9 par\ndes barri\u00e8res socioculturelles et le manque d'information sur les services\nexistants [xxxix] .\n\n\nAu Mali, la violence sexuelle li\u00e9e aux conflits (VSLC) demeure un grave probl\u00e8me, avec 1205 cas signal\u00e9s au 1er semestre 2024,\nsoit une hausse de 35% par rapport \u00e0 2023, selon le GBVIMS. Les femmes et les filles repr\u00e9sentent la majorit\u00e9 des victimes\n(98% dont 42% de cas d\u2019incidents li\u00e9es aux filles), mais les hommes et les gar\u00e7ons sont \u00e9galement touch\u00e9s. 9% de ces violences\nsont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des acteurs du conflit. Les cons\u00e9quences sont dramatiques avec 69 grossesses issues de viols, dont 11 ont\nabouti \u00e0 des naissances. La stigmatisation, particuli\u00e8rement forte dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Tombouctou, Mopti et M\u00e9naka,\nconduit \u00e0 la sous-estimation de ces chiffres et au rejet des victimes par leurs communaut\u00e9s. L'absence de structures d'accueil\nadapt\u00e9es laisse m\u00e8res et enfants n\u00e9s de viol sans soutien, les exposant \u00e0 des troubles psychologiques, au rejet social et \u00e0 des\npratiques n\u00e9fastes telles que le sexe transactionnel, la mendicit\u00e9 et l'exploitation pour survivre.\n\n\nLa crise multidimensionnelle qui secoue le Mali a exacerb\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations, en particulier celle des femmes et\ndes filles. Dans ce contexte, les services de prise en charge holistique des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) sont essentiels\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\npour fournir un soutien m\u00e9dical, psychosocial, juridique et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux survivantes. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l\u2019exposition des femmes\naux risques de protection lors des t\u00e2ches quotidiennes est \u00e9galement renforc\u00e9e par le recours de plus en plus r\u00e9current \u00e0 des\nm\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9faste face \u00e0 la rar\u00e9faction des ressources qui sont moins accessibles, moins disponibles et de\nmoins bonne qualit\u00e9, notamment dans un contexte de d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique et de catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus\nr\u00e9currentes (s\u00e9cheresse et inondation zones de Mopti). La pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique expose les femmes aux VBG (26% des\nm\u00e9nages dirig\u00e9s par des femmes voyaient leurs besoins alimentaires non couverts dans les interventions de distribution selon\nle MSNA 2023). Les femmes et filles peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9galement expos\u00e9es aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans les lieux de forte\ndensit\u00e9 de population, o\u00f9 les conditions humanitaires sont difficiles, o\u00f9 la promiscuit\u00e9 est forte et o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de\nbase est limit\u00e9, notamment les sites d\u2019accueil [xl] . Sur les 5 321 incidents de VBG recens\u00e9s au second trimestre 2024, le GBVIMS\nr\u00e9v\u00e8le que 28% des survivantes n'ont pas re\u00e7u l'assistance m\u00e9dicale n\u00e9cessaire. L'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'aide juridique est \u00e9galement\nprobl\u00e9matique ; Moins de la moiti\u00e9 des survivantes ont tent\u00e9 d'y recourir et 86% d'entre elles n'ont pas pu l'obtenir pour des\nraisons financi\u00e8res, l\u2019\u00e9loignement des services juridiques, les r\u00e8glements \u00e0 l\u2019amiable ou menace et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. De plus, 77%\net 90% des survivantes n'ont pas eu acc\u00e8s respectivement aux services d'assistance s\u00e9curitaire et de r\u00e9insertion socio\u00e9conomique. Enfin, l'h\u00e9bergement en lieu s\u00fbr reste inaccessible pour 83% des demandeuses.\n\n\nAinsi, la fragilisation de l\u2019environnement de protection des civils combin\u00e9e \u00e0 des normes culturelles et structurelles fortes, des\ncroyances et perceptions socio-\u00e9conomique en lien avec la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des filles et la protection des communaut\u00e9s et/ou\nprotection \u00e9conomiques, les pratiques de l\u2019esclavage par descendance (notamment dans les r\u00e9gions de Kayes et Nioro) et les\nin\u00e9galit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de pouvoir et de genre exposent les femmes et les filles \u00e0 des risques de protection multiples (comme les\ns\u00e9questrations, enl\u00e8vements et mariages forc\u00e9s) qui s\u2019accompagnent le plus souvent de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre comme\nles viols, violences domestique et agressions sexuelles, y compris l\u2019excision [xli] . Les violences touchant les enfants continuent\n\u00e9galement d\u2019\u00eatre rapport\u00e9es, avec 3% des 7% de mariage forc\u00e9s impliquant des mineurs [xlii] . La d\u00e9scolarisation est \u00e9galement\ncit\u00e9e comme exposant les enfants aux risques de VBG [xliii] .\n\n\nLes situations de VBG peuvent conduire \u00e0 renforcer les situations de d\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre et l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nlimit\u00e9 aux ressources et aux opportunit\u00e9s pour les femmes et filles [xliv] . Les VBG sont ainsi intrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire et la malnutrition. Les cons\u00e9quences physiques et psychologiques de ces violences sont accentu\u00e9es par l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nlimit\u00e9 aux services de prise en charge. De plus, les victimes de certaines formes de VBG, dont le viol, sont ensuite expos\u00e9es \u00e0\nune forme de stigmatisation et d\u2019exclusion au sein de leurs communaut\u00e9s ou de leurs familles, bas\u00e9e sur des perceptions\nsociales et normatives de puret\u00e9.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019organes communautaires tels que les RECOPE, les comit\u00e9s de protection, les points focaux\nprotection/VBG, les relais communautaires, les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ; les structures communautaires (Centre des\nfemmes, WGSS, espaces amis d\u2019enfants, CTO, centres de transit et d\u2019accueil, radios communautaires), la cartographie des\nservices et syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et l\u2019existence de m\u00e9canisme de coordination, les capacit\u00e9s locales restent limit\u00e9es. Les\nprincipaux facteurs sont entre autres l\u2019acc\u00e8s physique (ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e9loignement des services), financier et le manque de\nservices en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Le faible engagement des leaders communautaires et religieux dans certaines r\u00e9gions/certains cercles est\naussi \u00e0 noter, ainsi que la faible capacit\u00e9 de soutien aux m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement existants (du fait de l\u2019engagement\ncommunautaire mais aussi des r\u00e9ductions de financement et pesanteurs sociales _)._ Le manque ou l\u2019inexistence de m\u00e9canismes\nde coordination dans certaines zones hotspots (San, Bandiagara, S\u00e9gou...) est \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9.\n\n\nQuant aux capacit\u00e9s institutionnelles, il existe 18 centres int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de prise en charge de VBG (One Stop Centers et CsRef) ; la\npr\u00e9sence d\u2019agents de sant\u00e9 communautaires ; l\u2019ASACO- avec le r\u00e9seau des Sage-femmes y compris les sages femmes\nHumanitaires-CsCom ; les centres de jeunes du minist\u00e8re de la jeunesse ; la prise en compte de la r\u00e9pression contre les VBG\ndans le projet de code p\u00e9nal en r\u00e9vision (avanc\u00e9e notoire) et la section VBG et points focaux dans tous les commissariats de\npolice. Les capacit\u00e9s institutionnelles sont aussi limit\u00e9es par plusieurs aspects dont l\u2019absence de services int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de prise en\ncharge dans l\u2019ensemble des communes et dans certains cercles reste un des principaux blocages avec seulement 26% du\nterritoire Malien couvert (GBVIMS report). Les attaques contre les structures de sant\u00e9, le manque de personnel m\u00e9dical et le\nnon-fonctionnement des services de sant\u00e9 limitent \u00e9galement la prise en charge des cas de VBG [xlv] .\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs\n\n\nDans le cadre des affrontements arm\u00e9s, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI)/mines s\u2019est \u00e9tendue au cours des\nderni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es au Mali, constituant une menace majeure pour la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des populations civiles, expos\u00e9es\nnotamment aux zones contamin\u00e9es et aux restes explosifs de guerre (REG).\n\n\nACLED recense au premier semestre 2024, **108 incidents li\u00e9s aux explosifs**, principalement \u00e0 Mopti (3-6), S\u00e9gou (2-6),\nTombouctou (20), Kidal (9), Koulikoro (6), M\u00e9naka (4) et Sikasso (4) et Gao (3) [xlvi] . La tendance des incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence\ndes EE (prenant en compte les REG) selon OCHA [xlvii] est sup\u00e9rieure aux ann\u00e9es 2022 et 2023 sur les cinq premiers mois de 2024.\n\n\nLes GANE sont les principaux acteurs\nresponsables des poses d\u2019engins explosifs,\nengins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI)/mines et\npar extension restes explosifs de guerre\n(REG). Bien que b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de peu\nd\u2019information, l\u2019\u00e9volution des acteurs\npr\u00e9sents sur le territoire s\u2019accompagne de\nnouvelles tactiques et modalit\u00e9s de combat. Les EEI/mines sont utilis\u00e9s pour conduire des attaques asym\u00e9triques envers des\nconvois, assoir le contr\u00f4le sur certaines zones et font parties int\u00e9grantes des modalit\u00e9s utilis\u00e9es par les GANE, notamment par\nle JNIM [xlviii] . L\u2019intensification des attaques ou l\u2019encerclement/ blocus de certains villages repr\u00e9sentent un risque accru pour les\npopulations civiles, davantage expos\u00e9es aux risques d\u2019EEI/mines aussi bien qu\u2019en lien avec la prolif\u00e9ration des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res\net de petit calibre \u00e0 la suite de ces confrontations. De nouvelles technologies s\u2019ajoutent aux modalit\u00e9s de combat telles que\n[l\u2019utilisation de drones (CP Mali 02-2024).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/cbf27fca-f4c0-4973-854f-5ff7bf1f7b00)\n\n\nL\u2019extension g\u00e9ographique du conflit et une utilisation accrue des EEI/mines par les diff\u00e9rents acteurs impliqu\u00e9s affectent\ndirectement les civils (m\u00eame s\u2019ils ne sont pas cibl\u00e9s), et notamment les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et/ou nouveaux arrivants sur\ncertaines zones avec une connaissance moins importantes de certaines zones pi\u00e9g\u00e9es (exposition notamment aux REG). Les\n\u00e9leveurs et revendeurs de b\u00e9tails sont \u00e9galement expos\u00e9s lors des d\u00e9placements journaliers ainsi que les enfants (dans une\ndynamique de curiosit\u00e9). Les civils et les acteurs humanitaires sont expos\u00e9s aux risques li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs bien qu\u2019ils ne\nsoient pas directement cibl\u00e9s, un des principaux indicateurs utilis\u00e9s pour appr\u00e9hender ce risque concerne d\u2019ailleurs le nombre\nde victimes civils. Selon les donn\u00e9es d\u2019ACLED, les incidents recens\u00e9s ont entra\u00een\u00e9 **89 d\u00e9c\u00e8s**, avec 42 dans la r\u00e9gion de S\u00e9gou et\n29 d\u00e9c\u00e8s dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti [xlix] Au-del\u00e0 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, des blessures sont rapport\u00e9es qui laissent parfois les civils dans des\nsituations de handicap et entra\u00eenent des d\u00e9fis d\u2019inclusion et d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services, notamment dans la prise en charge\nhumanitaire. La pr\u00e9sence d\u2019EEI/mines est aussi \u00e0 l\u2019origine de restrictions de mouvement, au premier semestre 2024, 25% des\nm\u00e9nages interrog\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection ont cit\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019EEI comme \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la restriction de\nmouvement qu\u2019ils exp\u00e9rimentent [l] . Ces restrictions de mouvement impactent la capacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux moyens\nde subsistances et services de bases (comme les march\u00e9s, centre de sant\u00e9, \u00e9cole etc..) et impactent plus largement les activit\u00e9s\ncommerciales, ralentissent le ravitaillement et l\u2019approvisionnement de certaines zones (combin\u00e9 au mauvais \u00e9tat des routes\net pistes, la destruction des moyens de communication, points et de l\u2019encerclement des villages et march\u00e9s dans les zones\nd\u2019activisme des acteurs arm\u00e9s). Selon les donn\u00e9es du tableau humanitaire, les EEI/mines repr\u00e9sentent la principale contrainte\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire (32 des 60 contraintes r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es sur la p\u00e9riode).\n\n\nL\u2019analyse des ERP montre un niveau de connaissance assez bas sur les risques li\u00e9s aux EEI/mines (reconnaissance, lieux\ncontamin\u00e9s, cons\u00e9quences, comportements \u00e0 adopter). Sur la base de leurs connaissances autour des m\u00e9caniques de conflit\n(affrontement, utilisations d\u2019EEI/mines et possible contamination des zones) et de la communication au sein des populations\npour identifier les zones \u00e0 risques (notamment pour des nouveaux arrivants), les populations civiles \u00e9vitent certaines zones et\nutilisent des signes de marquages. Le manque d\u2019information concernant les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil limiterait l\u2019adoption de\ncomportements s\u00fbrs. La communication avec les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et le partage d\u2019information permettent ainsi une\nmeilleure appr\u00e9hension du risque pour ces personnes plus vuln\u00e9rables. Un des enjeux porte \u00e9galement sur les capacit\u00e9s de\nsoin des victimes d\u2019EEI/mines et REG, avec un manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de soins d\u2019urgence et kits de premiers secours cit\u00e9\ncomme un facteur de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations civils (avec un taux de mortalit\u00e9 associ\u00e9 aux EEI/mines de 41% pour les\ncivils contre 36% pour les forces maliennes et seulement 10% pour la MINUSMA en 2022/d\u00e9but 2023 [li] ).\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n##### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n**Cluster Protection** **Protection de l\u2019enfant** **VBG** **LAM** **LTP**\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, le taux de r\u00e9alisations du Cluster Protection au Mali reste encore faible. La majorit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s\nmen\u00e9es sur le terrain sont des activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention (environ 70%) et sont compos\u00e9es essentiellement du Monitoring de\nProtection, de sensibilisations et de renforcements des capacit\u00e9s. Comparativement \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, le taux de r\u00e9alisations des\nactivit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse reste faible face aux besoins croissants dans le secteur de la protection. Les raisons du faible taux de\nr\u00e9alisations sont li\u00e9es au sous-rapportage des r\u00e9alisations par les acteurs ; le faible financement des activit\u00e9s de la protection\nen 2024 ; les probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines zones d\u2019intervention, la non-prise en compte de certaines activit\u00e9s dans la matrice\nde la 5W mais aussi la complexit\u00e9 de la matrice 5W, d\u2019o\u00f9 les difficult\u00e9s de remplissage par les acteurs.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n\n300 contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024 par OCHA [lii], dont 42 actes de violence envers les\nhumanitaires, 7 personnes humanitaires enlev\u00e9es, 146 incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pause d\u2019engins explosifs, 93 op\u00e9rations militaires, 6\nantennes et 1 pont sabot\u00e9, et 12 autres restrictions. Une augmentation de l\u2019exposition aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s a\nmarqu\u00e9 la p\u00e9riode analys\u00e9e, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions de Bandiagara et S\u00e9gou, qui ont fait \u00e9galement l\u2019objet d\u2019une\nintensification des op\u00e9rations militaires et des hostilit\u00e9s arm\u00e9es entrainant des restrictions de mouvement des humanitaires\net de la population. Le village de Boni est soumis \u00e0 un blocus depuis plus de neuf mois, ce qui a provoqu\u00e9 une situation\nhumanitaire d\u00e9sastreuse. Les humanitaires, y compris les acteurs de protection, ont organis\u00e9 une mission conjointe du 4 au 7\njuin pour \u00e9valuer les besoins et l'acc\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise au Mali en 2012, de nombreux efforts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour\nmaintenir et faciliter l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire, notamment la mise en place du Groupe de travail acc\u00e8s national (GTA-N) \u00e0 Bamako,\nl'adoption de la strat\u00e9gie d'acc\u00e8s de l'EHP (r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en 2024), et la mise en place des Groupes de travail acc\u00e8s r\u00e9gionaux (GTAR) \u00e0 M\u00e9naka, Tombouctou, Gao, S\u00e9gou et Mopti. Le Cluster Protection participe activement \u00e0 ces espaces de coordination en\nvue de contribuer \u00e0 des actions et initiatives coordonn\u00e9es et harmonis\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s et l'action humanitaire, en\nassurant l'assistance et la protection de toutes les personnes vuln\u00e9rables, dans le respect des principes humanitaires. Le\nCluster Protection contribue notamment en termes d\u2019analyse et de plaidoyer, utilisant les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de\nprotection, et l\u2019engagement communautaire pour approfondir l'analyse des tendances en mati\u00e8re de contraintes d'acc\u00e8s, et\nporter des messages conjoints aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019EHP.\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2023, une partie importante des interventions humanitaires sur les engins explosifs au Mali ont pris fin avec le\nd\u00e9part de la MINUSMA. Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019implication des ONG et des structures \u00e9tatiques luttant contre les mines dans la r\u00e9gion,\nl\u2019action contre les mines est fortement r\u00e9duite. Par ailleurs, le nombre de victimes de violations des droits humains a fortement\naugment\u00e9, ce qui accro\u00eet la pression sur les partenaires de protection. Le Cluster Protection au Mali est actuellement finance\n\u00e0 23%.\n\n##### **RECOMMANDATIONS** contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- D\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2024, renforcer la pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle de la Commission nationale des droits de l\u2019homme (CNDH)\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Tombouctou, Taoudenni, M\u00e9naka et Kidal afin de documenter les cas de violations graves dont\nsont victimes les civils.\n\n- Renforcer les ressources humaines et logistiques de la CNDH afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le suivi des questions de d\u00e9tention \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle\nnationale d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024.\n\n**AU CLUSTER PROTECTION ET A TOUTE LA COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n- Organiser d\u2019ici octobre 2024, des s\u00e9ances de formation sur la protection \u00e0 base communautaire \u00e0 l\u2019endroit de 50 comit\u00e9s\nlocaux de protection des r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre afin de mitiger les risques des attaques contre les civils.\n\n- D\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2024, renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de 500 agents des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maliennes sur la protection\ndes civils dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Tombouctou, Mopti et Kidal.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n##### forc\u00e9\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- D\u2019ici septembre 2024, permettre le financement dans la r\u00e9gion de Kidal de projets de protection notamment sur la\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale afin de renforcer le vivre ensemble entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n- Soutenir les financements de programmes multisectoriels et/ou int\u00e9gr\u00e9s qui reconnaissent le caract\u00e8re central de la\nprotection dans la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire et renforcent l\u2019impact en termes de protection.\n\n##### arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER PROTECTION ET A TOUTE LA COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de surveillance et de partage d\u2019informations sur les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de personnes en\naugmentant le nombre de moniteurs \u00e0 Gao, Mopti et Tombouctou ainsi que les mesures de soutien psychologique aux\nvictimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019ici d\u00e9cembre 2024.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\n**AU GOUVERNEMENT MALIEN**\n\n- Renforcer le paquet de services int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de SSR et VBG avec l\u2019implication des sage-femmes pour la d\u00e9tection, le d\u00e9pistage\net la prise en charge des incidents de VBG au niveau des CsCom (m\u00e9dical, PSS) et orientation vers les structures de centres\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9s.\n\n- Mettre en place des proc\u00e9dures et des m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9nonciation et de signalement s\u00fbrs en lien avec les VBG et EAS\nen collaboration avec le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation, le Cluster Education, les domaines de responsabilit\u00e9 de la protection de\nl\u2019enfant et des VBG, dans les 3 prochains mois.\n\n- Renforcer le d\u00e9ploiement des psychologues en vue d\u2019assurer une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de prise en charge psychosociale des\nsurvivants des VBG et autres personnes affect\u00e9es.\n\n**A L\u2019EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS/COORDINATEUR HUMANITAIRE**\n\n- Soutenir la prise en charge holistique des survivantes des VBG en vue de renforcer leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des services de proximit\u00e9\nau niveau communautaire.\n\n- Poursuivre le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s physique des personnes affect\u00e9es (victimes de VBG et\nautres civils impact\u00e9s par les violences) aux services disponibles.\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- Faciliter l\u2019allocation de fonds flexibles et cons\u00e9quents pour les activit\u00e9s de protection dans les zones affect\u00e9es, afin de\nr\u00e9pondre aux incidents graves et r\u00e9duire les risques li\u00e9s aux violences sexuelles, \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation des personnes vuln\u00e9rables,\n\u00e0 l\u2019association des enfants aux forces arm\u00e9es ou aux groupes arm\u00e9s (EAFGA) et aux engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI).\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- Faciliter l\u2019allocation de fonds d\u2019urgence pour les activit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques de EEI/mines et d\u2019assistance aux victimes\nd\u2019engins explosifs.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\ni mli_ocha_action_humanitaire_doc_dec_2019_final.pdf page 3\n\nii [https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-apercu-des-besoins-humanitaires-2023-decembre-2022](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-apercu-des-besoins-humanitaires-2023-decembre-2022)\niii [HRW 26/01/2024](https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2024/01/26/au-mali-laccord-de-paix-prend-fin)\niv [CP Mali 29/03/2024, GBVIMS 26/02/2024](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/4a5441c5-fa5f-4f9a-83ad-c13aac4e8784)\nv [ACLED 09-2023](https://acleddata.com/2023/09/21/fact-sheet-attacks-on-civilians-spike-in-mali-as-security-deteriorates-across-the-sahel/)\nvi [BBC 05/05/24](https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cjljwg77ggzo)\nvii [Perspectives \u00e9conomiques au Mali | Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement (afdb.org)](https://www.afdb.org/fr/countries/west-africa/mali/mali-economic-outlook)\nviii Source : monitoring de protection\nix Selon le CTFMR, en 2023, 1141 violations graves contre 1024 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es/v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es, repr\u00e9sentant une hausse de 11% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et 86% de ces violations affectant des gar\u00e7ons.\nx Notamment avec une pauvret\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9e, un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux services de base et aux opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques (des besoins multisectoriels des\npopulations)\nxi [IRC 14/02/2024, REACH 22/03/2024, WFP 03/01/2024, UNICEF 18/03/2024, ACTED 08/01/2024, OCHA 25/01/2024](https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/crisis-mali-what-you-need-know-and-how-help)\nxii [Donn\u00e9es publiques \u2013 ACLED DATA Export tool \u2013 Du 01/01/24 au 01/07/24](https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/)\nxiii [oPt 01/02/2024, mali24 05/01/2024, maliactu 16/01/2024, UN 01/02/2024](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2024/02/un-human-rights-chief-appalled-alleged-summary-executions-mali)\nxiv [HRW 08/05/24](https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2024/05/08/mali-des-groupes-islamistes-armes-et-des-milices-ethniques-commettent-des-atrocites)\nxv Child Protection AoR\nxvi [FEWS NET 31/01/2024](https://fews.net/west-africa/mali/key-message-update/january-2024)\nxvii [Monitoring de Protection Mali (Microsoft Power BI)](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZDE2NDBkMjQtZTUyZC00OGNmLTkzMDAtOWJlZmQxM2FlZTdlIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\nxviii [UNHCR dataportal](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/mli)\nxix [UNICEF 13/03/2024, MMC 07/02/2024](https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QMMU_Q4_2023_West_Africa.pdf)\nxx Dashboard interne P21\nxxi [IOM 05/2024](https://dtm.iom.int/fr/reports/mali-rapport-sur-les-mouvements-de-populations-mai-2024?close=true)\nxxii [DW 14/03/2024, AMSS 14/03/2024](https://www.dw.com/fr/mali-boni-denrees-alimentaires-mobilisations/a-68527128)\nxxiii [The New Humanitarian 12/03/2024](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2024/03/12/mali-army-operations-rebel-groups-impose-suffocating-blockades?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=e68c18289d-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_3_15&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-e68c18289d-75581437)\nxxiv [fatshimetrie 05/02/2024, AllAfrica 28/02/2024, DW 14/03/2024, AllAfrica 01/03/2024, africanarguments 13/02/2024, UNICEF 04/01/2024, UN HRC](https://eng.fatshimetrie.org/2024/02/05/the-blockade-imposed-on-menaka-a-disastrous-humanitarian-crisis-in-the-sahel-region/)\n13/02/2024\nxxv [NRC 15/04/2024](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/39b40dc0-f336-42ef-9fe5-07ee9b2d2a36)\nxxvi [IRC 14/02/2024](https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/crisis-mali-what-you-need-know-and-how-help)\nxxvii Education Cluster 05/02/2024\nxxviii [maliactu 15/01/2024](https://maliactu.net/mali-les-conditions-de-vie-des-deplaces-critiques/)\nxxix [Au Sahel central, l'aide humanitaire dans un contexte hors du commun - SOLIDARIT\u00c9S INTERNATIONAL (solidarites.org)](https://www.solidarites.org/fr/en-direct-du-terrain/au-sahel-central-laide-humanitaire-dans-un-contexte-hors-du-commun/)\nxxx [Au Mali, les rebelles ind\u00e9pendantistes d\u00e9cr\u00e8tent un blocus dans le Nord - Jeune Afrique](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1518165/politique/au-mali-les-rebelles-independantistes-decretent-un-blocus-dans-le-nord/)\nxxxi [ECHO 20/03/2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-food-insecurity-dg-echo-dg-echo-partners-echo-daily-flash-20-march-2024)\nxxxii [The New Humanitarian 12/03/2024, ICRC 30/01/2024, DW 14/03/2024, vivafrik 24/01/2024, FEWS NET 02/01/2024](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2024/03/12/mali-army-operations-rebel-groups-impose-suffocating-blockades?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=e68c18289d-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_3_15&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-e68c18289d-75581437)\nxxxiii [RFI 05/01/2024](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240105-mali-les-blocus-sur-tombouctou-et-sa-r%C3%A9gion-ont-de-lourdes-cons%C3%A9quences-sur-les-populations)\nxxxiv [RFI 11/02/2024](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240211-les-rebelles-du-csp-l%C3%A8vent-le-blocus-sur-les-principaux-axes-du-nord-ouest-du-mali)\nxxxv [The New Humanitarian 12/03/2024](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2024/03/12/mali-army-operations-rebel-groups-impose-suffocating-blockades?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=e68c18289d-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_3_15&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-e68c18289d-75581437)\nxxxvi [INSO 13/06/24](https://ngosafety.org/conflict-data-dashboard/)\nxxxvii P21 S1 2024\nxxxviii [BBC Afrique 22/04/24](https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cz4x0437gy4o)\nxxxix Donn\u00e9es du GBVIMS du second semestre 2024 (janvier et juin)\n\nxl [IRC 02/02/2024, AMSS 14/03/2024, OCHA 09/01/2024](https://www.rescue.org/eu/press-release/mali-humanitarian-conditions-worsen-over-4000-new-idps-arrive-week-menaka-warns-irc)\nxli [GBVIMS 26/02/2024](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/b94b3d93-9b22-4a36-9add-7c57376c6dc5)\nxlii GBVIMS T1 2024\nxliii [CP Mali 05/02/2024, CP Mali 09/02/2024](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/cbf27fca-f4c0-4973-854f-5ff7bf1f7b00)\nxliv [CP Mali 05/02/2024](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/cbf27fca-f4c0-4973-854f-5ff7bf1f7b00)\nxlv OCHA 2/01/2024\nxlvi [ACLED 01/07/24](https://acleddata.com/explorer/)\nxlvii [OCHA 01/06/2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/mali/mali-tableau-de-bord-acces-humanitaire-mai-2024)\nxlviii [UNICEF 08-2023, OCHA 06-2023](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/77f85fb2-d3a5-4c32-a6b3-fcf033936d71)\nxlix [ACLED Data explorer du 1er janvier 2024 au 1er juillet 2024](https://acleddata.com/explorer/)\nl Dashboard interne P21\nli [INGO Forum 12/04/2](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/urgent-need-limit-impact-explosive-devices-civilians-mali-april-2023)\nlii https://response.reliefweb.int/mali/humanitarian-access\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR dataportal", - "confidence": 0.9585581421852112, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9739828109741211, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ACLED Data explorer", - "confidence": 0.9700751900672913, - "start": 753, - "end": 756 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "INGO Forum", - "confidence": 0.7677405476570129, - "start": 773, - "end": 775 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6229910254478455, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8500574827194214, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MALI** | Juillet 2024\n\n\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter :\n\n**Alimata OUATTARA**, [OUATTAAL@unhcr.org](mailto:OUATTAAL@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\nPage 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da21b072-22ff-470b-ba2d-813e8d08fa7c/analyse_pau_mali_semestre_1_2024_gpc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_768/raw/doc_768_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_768/raw/doc_768_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c1f10eecc564e9d96b702742869acb6fe1b0ac7e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_768/raw/doc_768_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - 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"pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ee5e5da-95df-3d08-a755-f3325f11bcf4/analysis_and_recommendations_on_data_collection_marginalized_and_minority_groups_march_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3ee5e5da-95df-3d08-a755-f3325f11bcf4/analysis_and_recommendations_on_data_collection_marginalized_and_minority_groups_march_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_769/raw/doc_769_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_769/raw/doc_769_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 879e2d1654de210790b5baf59f9eab3d09412de7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_769/raw/doc_769_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protec'on Sector - UNHCR**\n\n\n**An Analysis of Forcibly Displaced Persons in Far North Cameroon**\n\n\n**February 2024**\n\n\nInsecurity caused by the non-state armed groups, counterinsurgency, and seasonal natural disasters\ncontinue to impact civilian lives, undermining protection and limiting access to basic social services.\n\n\nAs of January 2024, there remain over 450,000 IDPs in the Far North, the majority living under\nstrenuous and challenging humanitarian situation. Nevertheless, after ten (10) years of\ndisplacement, some progress has been made to find durable solutions for some 450,000 IDPs in\nthe Far North, particularly in opening a dialogue on possibilities for all three solutions and\nengagement across actors not seen before, including Government, humanitarian and academia.\n\n\nA series of assessments have been conducted by the Protection Cluster based on the 8 Inter-Agency\nSteering Committee (IASC) criteria to measure durable solutions in the departments of Logone Chari\n(Tilde), Mayo Sava (Kolofata), and Mayo Tsanaga (Zamai). Focus groups discussions was\nconducted with over 200 IDPs, diverse in age, gender and abilities. Woman, men, elderly, children,\npersons with disabilities, and community leaders were consulted on their intention to return to their\nareas of origin or seek other solutions, as well as their current displacement situation.\n\n\nFindings show that the populations were primarily concerned about security (Kolofata), social\ncohesion and tension between host communities and IDPs due to competition over resources (Tilde\nand Kolofata), and access to land for livelihood activities (Zamai). Most raised their concerns that\nhumanitarian assistance is not extended to host communi(es. Freedom of movement was also of\nraised; many lack civil documentation due to the administrative hurdles and affiliated costs.\n\n\nTheir most acute needs were adequate housing in displacement and in eventual solutions locations.\nShelters are poorly constructed, needing yearly renovation.The lack of shelter results in\novercrowding with several families living under the same roof; on average some 5 \u2013 8 persons reside\nin congested and squalid conditions. Only 10% of children had access to schooling, and access is\nhindered by the school fees or birth certificate. Durable solutions intentions varied greatly by location;\nin Kolofata most expressed their intention to return, in Zamai to relocate, and in Tilde to locally\nintegrate.\n\n\n**Arrivals from Chad**\n\n\nOn 22-23 February, 250-300 families comprising 2,300 individuals from the village of Gamal-Tapalai,\nChad crossed the Logone for security reasons and in protest over land and property taken over by\nhigh level military official.\n\n\nAccording to the newly arrived, they faced threats against their physical security, livelihoods, and\nwell-being. Their immediate return to Chad appears unlikely, as they were reportedly barred from\naccessing their homes and property. The situation needs to be monitored and an inter-agency\nmission to examine needs took place 28 February.\n\n\n**Arrivals to Minawao Refugee Camp**\n\n\nThere has been a noticeable decline in arrivals at Minawao since the peak in September 2023 (see\nFigure 1 below). Approximately 300 persons arrived at the Gourenguel Transit Center between\nJanuary and February 2024. Reasons for the decline are potentially linked to change in military\nborder practices (no longer referring all Nigerians to Minawao), overcrowding of camp, and the\ndisruption of food security programs. Security was once again the main reasons for moving to\nMinawao (80%) (orange line below in Figure 1.)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/377c07c0-1d94-4ac3-bf8c-efa99afa65b8/analysis_of_forcibly_displaced_persons_in_far_north_cameroon_-_february_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Figure 1: Arrivals per month and reasons : Minawao Refugee Camp_\n\n\n**Refugee Returns from Chad**\n\n\nSince early 2022, over 22,500 Cameroonian refugees have returned from Chad to their home\ncommunities in Logon-Birni, having fled the intercommunal violence of August and December 2021,\nsome 13,000 in 2022 alone. Nevertheless, as of late 2023, some 26,000 Cameroonians remained\nrefugees in Chad. In December 2023 UNHCR launched a programme to assist spontaneous\nreturnees, while progress on the Tripartite Agreement Chad-Cameroon-UNHCR continued. Since\nthe launch of the programme, some 9,500 refugees have returned to Cameroon (2,000 in December\n2023 and 9,500 in January and February 2024). Returnees are welcomed by communities and local\nauthorities.\n\n\nReturning refugees received 20,000 XAF per person in Chad to cover costs of transport. Upon\nconfirmation of arrival in Cameroon, done by UNHCR using biometric identification, returnees\nreceived another 20,000 XAF per person to support reintegration. To ensure a durable return and to\nfurther support peace in Logon Birni, returnees will need integration into social cohesion activities,\nand into development and resilience programming. Civil documentation is also an issue as many of\nthe returnees lost their documents in the violence, or never had any.\n\n\n**Key Messages**\n\n\n**Humanitarian Country Team**\n\n\n- Advocacy with the government to develop a Strategy on Return, Reintegration (includes local\nIntegration) and Resettlement with the support of the humanitarian community,\n\n- Plan for the integration of returnees into existing and new programmes.\n\n\n**Donors**\n\n\n- Provide financial support to the durable solutions for the protracted and mixed situation in the\nFar North.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/377c07c0-1d94-4ac3-bf8c-efa99afa65b8/analysis_of_forcibly_displaced_persons_in_far_north_cameroon_-_february_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_77/raw/doc_77_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_77/raw/doc_77_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f917b31677bb4e2f89fcc2df7430bf86ff77e1b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_77/raw/doc_77_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,265 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Since the conflict erupted in Sudan in April 2023, over 2 million people have fled the country,\n\nescaping ongoing violence, human rights violations, and a protracted humanitarian crisis. [1]\n\nAs of 21 October 2024, Chad hosts over 686,067 new Sudanese refugees, most of whom\n\nare women and children (89%). [2] Many Sudanese arriving in Chad are fleeing violence and\n\nfamine in Darfur, [3] and are being hosted in the Ouaddai (464,756), Sila (93,841), Wadi\n\nFira (86,853) and East-Ennedi (7,046) regions. [4] This snapshot examines the protection\n\nincidents, needs, and onward movement intentions of new Sudanese arrivals in Eastern\n\nChad, in the arrival hubs of Adre (Ouaddai) and Tine (Wadi Fira).\n\n## **Key findings**\n\n- El Geneina, in Sudan, was perceived as the most dangerous location en route to\n\nEastern Chad by 75% of respondents.\n\n- Nearly all respondents (98%) experienced protection incidents in Sudan, while women\n\nwere more exposed than men to witnessing death (87%), physical violence (84%),\n\nsexual violence (75%), and robbery (63%).\n\n- 95% of respondents reported that children were highly exposed to abuse and harm.\n\n- Although all needs were high during the journey from Sudan to Eastern Chad, food\n\nstands out as the greatest concern (90%) in Sudan.\n\n- Nearly all (97%) respondents felt relatively safe in Adre and Tine, though basic needs\n\nwere high: food (85%), shelter (83%), medical assistance (68%), and water (66%)\n\nwere the greatest needs in Adre and Tine.\n\n- Most respondents plan to remain in Eastern Chad, over the short (93%) and longer-term\n\n\n1 UNHCR (21 October 2024). [Sudan Situation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)\n2 UNHCR, _op. cit._\n3 _The Guardian_ (21 October 2024) [Dispair in Chad camps as violence and hunger in Sudan driver 25,000](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/oct/21/despair-chad-camps-refugees-flee-sudan)\n[across border in a week](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/oct/21/despair-chad-camps-refugees-flee-sudan)\n4 UNHCR, _op. cit._\n\n\n### MMC-UNHCR Joint Snapshot \u2013 November 2024\n# **Sudanese arrivals in Eastern Chad:** **Protection experiences, needs and** **onward movement intentions**\n\n(73%), highlighting an overall lack of onward movement intentions. This may stem\n\nfrom the fact that this group has recently arrived in Chad, is largely comprised of\n\nwomen and children, and is highly vulnerable with high basic needs like food and\n\nwater, suggesting low capabilities to engage in onward movement.\n\n## **Data and profiles**\n\nThis snapshot draws upon 611 4Mi surveys conducted in July 2024 in Eastern Chad\n\nwith people who fled Sudan after the outbreak of conflict. Some 336 interviews were\n\nconducted in Adre (55% of respondents) and 275 in Tine (45%). Almost all respondents\n\n(99%) were Sudanese nationals, and most were women between the ages of 35-80 years\n\nold from Central Darfur (Figure 1). While MMC carries out non-probability sampling and,\n\nhence, the data are not representative, the key demographic characteristics of sampled\n\nrespondents aligns with estimates of the overall population of arrivals in Eastern Chad. [5]\n\nRespondents in Tine and Adre followed similar socio-demographic tendencies.\n\n**Figure 1. Overview of sample by age and sex**\n\n\n\n18-24\n\n\n25-34\n\n\n35+\n\n\n\n50%\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTotal number of\nrespondents (n=611)\n\n\n\n5 UNHCR, _op. cit._\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "4Mi surveys", - "confidence": 0.956867516040802, - "start": 536, - "end": 538 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MMC", - "confidence": 0.6087349653244019, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Chad", - "confidence": 0.9180369973182678, - "start": 543, - "end": 545 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9203000664710999, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5574021339416504, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people who fled Sudan", - "confidence": 0.5755336880683899, - "start": 546, - "end": 550 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 3. Have you personally experienced any of these types of**\n**incidents on your journey?**\n\n\n\nWomen consistently reported slightly more abuses than men for the top four protection\n\nincidents, highlighting the specific vulnerability of women in this conflict (Figure 3). The\n\nwidest gap pertains to sexual violence, faced by 75% of women and 54% of men \u2013 high\n\nrates, given that much sexual violence generally goes unreported. Men slightly more\n\noften reported kidnapping, which may be linked to forced conscription by parties to\n\nthe conflict. [8] Older respondents (above 60 years old) also more often reported abuses\n\nthan respondents from other age groups, particularly for physical violence (90%), sexual\n\nviolence (76%), detention (71%), and kidnapping (58%), showcasing the existence of\n\nage-specific vulnerabilities in the conflict and calling for protection programming that is\n\nage-sensitive.\n\n## **Children perceived as particularly exposed to** **abuse during the journey**\n\nA vast majority of respondents (95%) noted that children were particularly vulnerable\n\nduring the journey. Death (94%), physical and sexual violence (83% each), robbery (72%),\n\ndetention (63%), and kidnapping (38%) were the most prominent risks for children (Figure\n\n4). According to UNHCR registration data, 88% of new Sudanese refugees in Chad are\n\nwomen and children, underlining the large protection challenges for this age group. [9]\n\nAlthough no children were interviewed, 68% of respondents were travelling with children\n\nin their care, with more than a third of them (37%) travelling with five or more children.\n\n\n8 UNHCR (14 October 2024). [Affux des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Soudan](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111905)\n9 UNHCR, _op. cit._\n\n\n\nWitnessed\ndeath\n\n\nPhysical\nviolence\n\n\nSexual\nviolence\n\n\nRobbery\n\n\nDetention\n\n\nKidnapping\n\n\nNone\n\n\nNon-physical\nviolence (e.g.\nharassment)\n\n\nInjury / ill-health\nfrom harsh\nconditions\n\n\nBribery/\nextortion\n\n\nRefused\n\n\n|Col1|Women (n=
Men (n=157|454)
)|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n|n=6|11, multi-se|lect|\n\n\n\n\n\n87%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 4. What do you consider were the main risks for children**\n**under 18?**\n\n\nDeath\n\n\n\n\n\n90%\n\n\n\n**Figure 5. What were you most in need of [in the main location where**\n**you needed assistance]?**\n\n\nFood\n\n\n\nPhysical\nviolence\n\n\nSexual\nviolence\n\n\nRobbery\n\n\nDetention\n\n\nKidnapping\n\n\nNon-physical\nviolence (e.g.\nharassment)\n\n\nInjury / ill-health\nfrom harsh\nconditions\n\n\nBribery/\nextortion\n\n\nNone\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%\n\n## **Although all needs were high along the route,** **food was the most acute concern**\n\nRespondents cited El Geneina (81%) and El Fasher (13%), in Sudan, as the main locations\n\nwhere they needed assistance the most and did not receive it. Food (90%), followed by\n\nshelter (75%), medical assistance (69%), and water (66%) were respondents\u2019 main needs\n\nin these locations. In September 2024, international non-governmental organizations\n\n(INGOs) reported on the widespread starvation crisis in Darfur, underlining food as the\n\nmajor concern for the Sudanese people. [10]\n\n\n10 NRC (3 September 2023). [\u201cSudan: Starvation crisis reaches historic proportions\u201d.](https://www.nrc.no/news/2024/september/sudan-if-bullets-miss-hunger-wont/#:~:text=%22More than 25 million people,to eat leaves or insects.)\n\n\n\nShelter\n\n\nMedical\nassistance\n\n\nWater\n\n\nPsychological\nsupport\n\n\nClothes / shoes\n/ blankets /\nsleeping bags\n\n\nCash\n\n\nLegal\nassistance\n\n\nAccess to\ncommunication\n(phone / internet)\n\n\nSafe spaces\nfor women\nand children\n\n\nAccess\nto work\n\n\nWashing /\nbathroom\nfacilities\n\n\nAssistance\nto return\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Respondents overwhelmingly feel safe in Adre** **and Tine, but basic needs remain high**\n\nUpon arriving in Adre and Tine, almost all the respondents (over 97%) reported feeling\n\nsafe (11%) or very safe (86%). Despite this, concerns for basic needs were high for 89%\n\nof respondents across Adre and Tine. The need for assistance was consistent across\n\nsex and age groups. Specifically, 85% of respondents reported needing food, shelter\n\n(84%), medical assistance (68%), and water (66%). Some needs, however, differed\n\nsignificantly between respondents in Adre and Tine (Figure 6), with respondents in Tine\n\nfacing a greater need for water (84% vs. 50% in Adre) and cash (47% vs. 21% in Adre).\n\nThe findings suggest a need for integrated and sustainable refugee aid and community\nbased protection programming so that basic needs are prioritised while the safety of\n\ncommunities can continue to be supported.\n\n\n\nWater\n\n\nShelter\n\n\nMedical\nassistance\n\n\nCash\n\n\nPsychological\nsupport\n\n\nClothes / shoes /\nblankets /\nsleeping bags\n\n\nLegal\nassistance\n\n\nAccess to\ncommunication\n(phone / internet)\n\n\nSafe spaces\nfor women\nand children\n\n\nAccess\nto work\n\n\nWashing /\nbathroom\nfacilities\n\n\nAssistance\nto return\n\n\nResettlement\nassistance\n\n\nSpiritual\nguidance\n\n\n\n**Figure 6. What kind of assistance do you need?**\n\n\nFood\n\n\n\n87%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Adre", - "confidence": 0.9863320589065552, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.7653558254241943, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tine", - "confidence": 0.9692671895027161, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.5674518346786499, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Most respondents intended to remain in Chad,** **both in the short and long term**\n\n93% of respondents planned to stay in their current location in Chad for the next three\n\nmonths. This figure was slightly lower in Tine (66%) than in Adre (77%) and could be\n\nlinked to the slightly higher needs reported in Tine. In addition, 73% of respondents\n\nreported having reached the end of their journey, indicating their intention to remain in\n\nTine and Adre over the longer term. Of note, the majority (75%) of those who reported not\n\nhaving reached the end of their journey, intended to move to other locations within Chad.\n\nOverall, the data reveal a lack of onward movement intentions. These intentions may\n\nstem from the generally safe conditions that respondents are currently perceiving in Tine\n\nand Adre, combined with their extremely low capabilities to engage in and afford onward\n\nmovement, as evidenced by their high need for basic necessities like food, water, and\n\nshelter. The intention to remain may also be linked to respondents\u2019 demographic profiles:\n\nmost are women who are traveling with children in their care and, hence, likely to be\n\nless mobile. In the context of Adre, the desire to remain may challenge plans for Adre to\n\nserve only as a temporary transit camp. [11] While 76% of respondents overall indicated\n\nthey would return to Sudan someday if the conflict ended, 17% (4% in Adre and 33% in\n\nTine) stated they would never return under any circumstance.\n\n\n11 Interviews with humanitarian organisations and authorities in N\u2019Djamena and Adre, June 2024.\n\n\n## **4Mi data collection**\n\n[4Mi](https://mixedmigration.org/4mi/) is the Mixed Migration Centre\u2019s flagship primary data collection system,\n\nan innovative approach that helps fill knowledge gaps, and inform policy and\n\nresponse regarding the nature of mixed migratory movements and the protection\n\nrisks for refugees and migrants on the move. 4Mi field enumerators are currently\n\ncollecting data through direct interviews with refugees and migrants in East and\n\nSouthern Africa, North Africa, West Africa, Europe, Asia and Latin America and\n\nthe Caribbean.\n\n\nNote that the sampling approach means that the findings derived from the surveyed\n\nsample provide rich insights, but the figures cannot be used to make inferences\n\nabout the total population. See more 4Mi analysis and details on methodology at:\n\n[www.mixedmigration.org/4mi](https://mixedmigration.org/4mi/)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Tine", - "confidence": 0.9829522371292114, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chad", - "confidence": 0.9827666282653809, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9482261538505554, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Adre", - "confidence": 0.9563522934913635, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8393129110336304, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "4Mi data collection", - "confidence": 0.9888818860054016, - "start": 321, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "direct interviews with refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.634520947933197, - "start": 385, - "end": 391 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "data collection system", - "confidence": 0.6198179125785828, - "start": 340, - "end": 343 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "4Mi field enumerators", - "confidence": 0.7904179096221924, - "start": 377, - "end": 380 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East and\n\nSouthern Africa", - "confidence": 0.7687674760818481, - "start": 392, - "end": 396 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6367645263671875, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9743818044662476, - "start": 370, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f12615d1-9c5c-48fb-9e0c-2d58ae918ffc/349_MMC-UNHCR-ESA-Sudanese-arrivals-in-Eastern-Chad.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_770/raw/doc_770_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_770/raw/doc_770_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 94e143be91cce0a9dcfa2033a0831055eb09b284..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_770/raw/doc_770_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine On the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine**\n\n\nA cursory analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine No 7000 _On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2018_\n_(_ the draft version as of November 30, 2017 _)_ suggests that next year, the situation with financing of\ngovernmental programs on supporting internally displaced persons and the areas affected by\narmed conflict in Eastern Ukraine won\u2019t drastically change. On the contrary, slight decline in\nfinancing of certain public bodies dealing with these problems and certain budget programs can be\nobserved in some cases. This decrease can be unnoticed in UAH. However, taking into\nconsideration the prognostic of USD exchange rate for 2018 (30,1 UAH/USD comparing with 26,5\nUAH/USD in January-August 2017, see _Explanatory Note to the draft law No 7000_ ) this difference\nis in evidence.\n\n\nIn addition, like in previous (2016 and 2017) years, Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine _On establishing_\n_additional guarantees of protecting rights of persons residing within the area of the anti-terrorist_\n_operation, and limiting liability of utility companies/service providers in the event of late payments_\n_for delivery of energy resources_, stating that the purpose of this law is to establish additional\nguarantees of protecting housing and proprietary rights of persons temporarily resettled from the\narea of the anti-terrorist operation to other regions of Ukraine, will be suspended in 2018 until the\nanti-terrorist operation ends. These persons must be paid the outstanding wages, scholarships and\npensions, which went into arrears as a result of the anti-terrorist operation.\n\n\nBelow is a comparative table of expenditures of the 2017 State Budget of Ukraine and budget\nexpenditures preplanned for 2018, compiled by analyzing the relevant Annexes 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Public body / budget program|Allocated in 2017
(thousands UAH)|Planned for 2018
(thousands UAH)|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Ministry for Temporarily Occupied Areas and**
**Internally Displaced Persons of Ukraine**|28 149,4|36 230,1|\n|Subvention from the state budget to local budgets to
support the areas affected by armed conflict in
Eastern Ukraine|17 000,0|34 000,0|\n|**Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine**|151 989 115,2|151 765 147,4|\n|Monthly specific-recipient assistance to internally
displaced persons in covering housing (including
utility) expenses|3 263 665,0|3 211 758,6|\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Financing experimental employment of members of
low-income families and internally displaced persons|20 000,0|20 000,0|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Pension Fund of Ukraine**|141 315 405,1|141 315 405,1|\n|**Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine**|32 577 228,6|30 813 620,0|\n|**Ministry of Health of Ukraine**|16 208 096,1|31 536 413,0|\n|**Ministry of Justice of Ukraine**|9 094 510,3|12 692 763,2|\n|Legal Aid Coordination Center|408 744,9|529 326,4|\n|**Ministry of Regional Development, Construction**
**and Public Utilities of Ukraine**|1 736 146,7|1 290 145,6|\n|Supporting Ukraine\u2019s regional policy|1 000,0|449 500,0|\n|Implementing the Extraordinary Financing Program
of Restoring Ukraine|55 000,0|50 000,0|\n|Financing implementation and coordination of the
urban infrastructure development project, projects in
Ukraine\u2019s centralized heat supply sector, the
extraordinary financing program for Ukraine, the
Ukrainian municipal infrastructure development
program, and projects of restoring Eastern Ukraine|38 800,0|88 900,0|\n|Financial support to the State Fund for Promotion of
Housing Construction for Young People|6 850,0|6 850,0|\n|Subvention from the state budget to local budgets
for
implementation
of
projects
under
the
Extraordinary
Financing
Program
of
Restoring
Ukraine**(nationwide expenditures)**|2 145 000,0|1 000 000,0|\n|State Fund for Regional Development|3 500 000,0|8 100 000,0|\n|**Ministry of Defense of Ukraine**|68 819 627,0|83 314 500,0|\n|**State Service for Emergencies**|8 157 502,4|10 744 000,0|\n|**State Migration Service**|2 006 225,0|2 873 929,1|\n|**Administration of the State Border Guard Service**|7 923 204,7|9 043 800,0|\n\n\n**Annex 7** to the draft Law of Ukraine _On the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine_ separately mentions two\nbudget programs:\n\n\n1) \u201cSupporting the areas affected by the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine\u201d (subvention from the\ngeneral fund);\n\n\n2) \u201cImplementing projects under the Extraordinary Financing Program of Restoring of Ukraine\u201d\n(subvention from the special fund).\n\n\n**UAH 0.00** has been allocated to local budgets in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts and to other\nlocal budgets for implementation of both budget programs mentioned above. It can be explained\nby the fact that financing of these programs is provided as subventions from the general or special\nfund of the State Budget of Ukraine. In addition, a contest of projects has been announced for the\nbudget program \u201cImplementing projects under the Extraordinary Financing Program of Restoring\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ukraine\u201d, and therefore, we cannot tell in advance what particular local budgets will receive\nallocations to finance their projects from the special fund.\n\n\nAt the same time, the procedure of disbursing subventions from the state budget\u2019s general fund\ntoday is imprecise and nontransparent. In view of that, we can\u2019t forecast how financing will be\nallocated for implementation of the budget program \u201cSupporting the areas affected by the armed\nconflict in Eastern Ukraine\u201d.\n\n\n**Annex 9** to the draft law, containing the list of loans to the Ukrainian government from foreign\nstates, banks and international financial organizations, to be disbursed to the special fund of the\nState Budget of Ukraine in 2018 for implementation of investment projects, is also worth closer\nattention. However, the Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Public Utilities of\nUkraine is not a manager of these funds. The winners of tenders (some sort of sub-grants) that\ntake place within the framework of these projects receive funding directly from financers.\nRegardless the fact that investment and infrastructure projects listed in the Annex 9 are not\nrelated to IDPs` housing issues, it is possible, nevertheless, to use it for solving these problems\nbecause of implementation by local authorities. The list of mentioned projects:\n\n\n1) The \u201c **Urban infrastructure development project \u2013 2\u201d** financed by the International Bank for\nReconstruction and Development (IBRD);\n\n\n2) The **\u201cProject of improving energy efficiency in Ukraine\u2019s centralized heat supply sector\u201d**,\nfinanced by the IBRD;\n\n\n3) The **\u201cUkrainian municipal infrastructure development program\u201d**, financed by the European\nInvestment Bank;\n\n\n4) The \u201c **Extraordinary Financing Program of Restoring Ukraine\u201d** financed by the European\nInvestment Bank.\n\n\nA contest of regional development projects which can be financed with the state budget funds\nprovided by the European Union [(http://www.minregion.gov.ua/napryamki-diyalnosti/regional-](http://www.minregion.gov.ua/napryamki-diyalnosti/regional-dev/derzhavna-rehional-na-polityka/informatsiya-pro-proekti-regionalnogo-rozvitku/)\n[dev/derzhavna-rehional-na-polityka/informatsiya-pro-proekti-regionalnogo-rozvitku/)](http://www.minregion.gov.ua/napryamki-diyalnosti/regional-dev/derzhavna-rehional-na-polityka/informatsiya-pro-proekti-regionalnogo-rozvitku/) seems\nespecially interesting. These projects will come under auspices of Regional Development Programs\nof the Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Public Utilities of Ukraine. As for\ninternally displaced persons, the following projects of Regional Development Programs, which will\nparticipate in the financing tender in 2018, seem to be of interest:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Project title|Project initiator|\n|---|---|\n|Developing regional effectiveness of medical
services
provided
to
internally
displaced
persons|Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine|\n|Modernization
of
education
system
in
secondary schools for development of the
Luhansk and Donetsk regions|Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine|\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Uniting All! \u2013 economic and cultural space of
Starobilsk as an integration component for
internally displaced persons|Luhansk Oblast State Administration|\n|---|---|\n|Procuring medical equipment for delivery of
medical
assistance
to
residents
of
the
Pokrovske Raion and nearby districts and to
IDPs from temporarily occupied areas|Dnipropetrovsk Oblast State Administration|\n|Creating the Center for Requalification and
Psychological Adaptation of Internally Displaced
Persons|Chernivtsi Oblast State Administration|\n|Socialization of internally displaced persons via
solution of their housing problem|Kherson Oblast State Administration|\n\n\n\nAnother ambiguous issue concerns financing of the Action Plan on organization of restoration of\ndamaged (destroyed) social and transportation infrastructure, housing stock and vital support\nsystems in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, approved by the Directive 1002-r of the Cabinet of\nMinisters of Ukraine of 16.10.2014, and the Comprehensive national program of supporting, social\nadaptation and reintegration of Ukrainian citizens resettled from the temporarily occupied\nterritory of Ukraine and the anti-terrorist operation areas to other regions of Ukraine for the\nperiod until 2017, approved by the Resolution 1094 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of\n16.12.2015. In both cases, the aforementioned action plans have been designated as separate\nbudget programs neither in the draft Law of Ukraine _On the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine_ nor in\nthe similar legislative acts of past years. One can assume that certain projects under these\nPrograms have been included to other budget programs or to regional development programs for\ncertain regions, or represent part of the projects financed by foreign states or international\nfinancial organizations. At the same time, even if it\u2019s so, the sufficiency of financing allocated to\nthese projects is questionable.\n\n\n**Housing issue.** In March 2017, Article 4 of the Law of Ukraine _On preventing the impact of the_\n_global financial crisis on development of construction industry and housing construction_ was\namended to provide government support to combatants of the anti-terrorist operation and\ninternally displaced persons in the amount of 50 percent of the affordable housing construction\n(purchase) cost and/or a reduced-interest mortgage loan (Law 1954-VIII). The procedure of\nallocating affordable housing, approved by the Resolution 140 of the Cabinet of Ministers of\nUkraine of 11.02.2009 (amended on 11.05.2011), is aimed at implementation of the State\nSocioeconomic Program for Construction (Purchase) of Affordable Housing for 2010-2017. The\ngovernment support to IDPs helping them buy affordable housing must be provided within the\naforementioned Program\u2019s framework. However, since the Program ends in 2017, the draft Law of\nUkraine _On the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine_ allocates no financing to this Program. At the same\ntime, according to the State Socioeconomic Program for Construction (Purchase) of Affordable\nHousing for 2010-2017, one of the organizations responsible for its implementation is the State\nFund for Promotion of Housing Construction for Young People, a specialized state financial\ninstitution to which potential applicants must submit the package of required documents. This\ninstitution is expected to receive UAH **6 850,0** thousand in financing in 2018, and at the same time,\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "financing of other budget programs concerning housing construction for young people was also\nextended:\n\n\n1) Partial reimbursement of interest rate on commercial bank loans to young families and\n\nsingle young people for construction (reconstruction) or purchase of housing: UAH\n**35,400.0** thousand;\n\n\n2) Lowering the cost of mortgage loans to people who need to improve their living conditions\n\nfor purchase of affordable housing: UAH **55,850.0** thousand;\n\n\n3) Increasing the authorized capital of the State Fund for Promotion of Housing Construction\n\nfor Young People, Specialized State Financial Institution: UAH **30,000.0** thousand.\n\n\nThe Resolution of Cabinet of Ministers No 708 of 20 September 2017 has changed the Resolutions\nof Cabinet of Ministers No 140 of 11 February 2009 and No 193 of 29 February 2012 aiming at to\nimplement the program \u201cAffordable housing\u201d. The act establishes the procedure of government\nsupport for 50 percent of the affordable housing construction (purchase) cost and/or a reducedinterest mortgage loan, as well as terms of its receipt and package of documents necessary for\nexamination. In 2017 there were 30 000.0 thousand allocated from the State budget for its\nfinancing. Whereas the program \u201cAffordable housing\u201d is implemented due to State Socioeconomic\nProgram for Construction (Purchase) of Affordable Housing for 2010-2017, there is a risk that costs\nfor funding the program won`t be allocated next year. However, there is a MPs` amendment to\nthe draft of State budget to allocate 1 000.000 thousand for financing the program in 2018.\n\n\nThe investment projects and regional development programs that may be financed from the State\nFund for Regional Development, to which UAH **8,100,000.0** thousand in financing is expected to be\nallocated in 2018, are also worth closer attention. These investment projects and programs\nconcern mostly renovation (reconstruction) or construction of both social (schools, kindergartens,\nhospitals, ambulatory care clinics, etc.) and general public (water and heat supply networks, local\nroads, etc.) infrastructure. However, these funds may also be used to finance housing\nreconstruction, such as, for instance, major renovation of a dormitory in Severodonetsk, Luhansk\nOblast, in 2017. But in order to receive financing, these facilities must be included to the list of the\naforementioned projects and programs, separately for every region. According to Article 24-1 (3)\nof the Budget Code of Ukraine, local authorities must submit, by 1 May of the year preceding a\nplanned year, their proposals with a list and description of investment projects and regional\ndevelopment programs that may be financed from the State Fund for Regional Development.\nTherefore, in order to solve, at least partially, housing problems of IDPs (for example, by\nrenovating dormitories and temporarily accommodating IDPs there), local authorities must include\ncertain housing facilities to the list mentioned above.\n\n\nIn addition, another way of solving housing problems of IDPs could be regional programs of\nindividual housing construction in rural areas (\u201cOwn House\u201d), which must be developed per\nDecree 222/98 of the President of Ukraine of 27.03.1998 _On measures of supporting individual_\n_housing construction in rural areas_, and implemented per Regulation on the Procedure of Forming\nand Using Funds for Support of Individual Housing Construction in Rural Areas approved by the\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Resolution 1211 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 03.08.1998. At the same time, funds for\nsupport of individual housing construction in rural areas are only partially financed from the state\nbudget allocations for long-term reduced-interest loans to individual developers. Considering the\nforegoing, no separate budget program has been envisaged to address this matter.\n\n\nThe Parliamentary Committee on budget issues prepared a draft of _VR Decree on conclusions and_\n_recommendations to the draft Law of Ukraine_ _on the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine_ (Budgetary\nconclusions). In accordance with Budgetary conclusions the Committee proposes to make changes\nto Annex 3 on expenditures of State Budget. The following proposals related to IDPs issues seem\nto be interesting:\n\n\n - To create a new budget program \u201cSupporting to create workplaces for reconstitution and\n\ninfrastructure development in Donetsk oblast\u201d, as well as to provide expenses in the\namount of UAH 80.000 thousand to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine (\u00a7 1.12.28);\n\n\n - To provide expenses for UAH 5 000.000 thousand to new budget program \u201cSubvention to\n\nlocal budgets on socioeconomic development of several territories\u201d, as well as to reduce\ncosts for UAH 5 000.000 thousand of budget program \u201cState Fund of Regional\nDevelopment\u201d modifying the Annex 7 accordingly (\u00a7 1.12.35).\n\n\nFollowing the above, the conclusions are:\n\n\n1) The draft law on State Budget for 2018 doesn`t provide funding for any systemic durable\n\nsolutions on IDPs` issues, it still remains a budget of emergency with the same approaches;\n\n\n2) Numerous court decisions revealed different problems related to compensation for\n\ndamaged or destroyed housing, land and property. The lack of mechanism on\ncompensations according to art. 19 of the Law of Ukraine on _Combatting terrorism_ is one\nof the problems. Despite the mentioned, as well as relevant draft laws being currently\nunder the consideration by the Parliament of Ukraine, the draft of the State budget for\n2018 doesn`t provide any costs for compensation;\n\n\n3) The financing of the Ministry for Temporarily Occupied Areas and Internally Displaced\n\nPersons of Ukraine even in case of slight increase is not sufficient for the Ministry to\nexecute its functions;\n\n\n4) The expenditures of the Pension Fund of Ukraine will remain on the same level as it was in\n\n2017. It means that the payment of pensions to individuals residing on NGCA won`t be\nprovided. Taking into consideration the prognostic of USD exchange rate (30,1 UAH/USD)\nthe financing of Pension Fund of Ukraine will be even decreased in 2018. It is worth as well\nto take into account the prognostic of inflation (11,2%) for 2018;\n\n\n5) There won`t be any revision of subventions from the state budget to the Ministry of Social\n\nPolicy for monthly targeted assistance to internally displaced persons covering housing\n(including utility) expenses, as well as there won`t be needs assessment of IDPs provided;\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6) The government`s decision of financing the program \u201cAffordable Housing\u201d is a positive\n\nexample of durable solutions on IDPs` housing issues. However, the financing of State Fund\nfor Promotion of Housing Construction for Youth entitled to preferential lending to IDPs for\nconstruction (purchase) of affordable housing remains at the same level. Besides, the State\nSocioeconomic Program for Construction (Purchase) of Affordable Housing for 2010-2017\naimed at preferential lending is ending this year. That`s why there is a risk for \u201cAffordable\nhousing\u201d program to not to be funded for the next year unless the Verkhovna Rada of\nUkraine votes MPs` amendment on allocation of amount in 1 000.000 thousand from the\nState budget to implement the mentioned program.\n\n\n7) If recovery in eastern Ukraine is a state priority, it is not visible in the state budget. For\n\nexample, it is unclear how many costs, for which specific aims will be allocated next year,\nand why a new budget program was created only for Donetsk oblast but not for Luhansk\noblast. If the state wants to attract international support for recovery in eastern Ukraine, it\nneeds to be able to show its own plans and budgets.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0ccc3978-5855-3502-93bf-508e2b8df76d/analysis_of_the_draft_budget_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_771/raw/doc_771_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_771/raw/doc_771_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f959796432ddffbf6e30720644cbd254bef91a8e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_771/raw/doc_771_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Analysis of the Law of Ukraine On the 2018 State Budget of Ukraine in the context** **of internally displaced persons` rights** On December 29 [th], 2017, the President of Ukraine signed the Law of Ukraine On 2018 State Budget of Ukraine . Below is a comparative table of expenditures foreseen in 2018 State Budget of Ukraine: first reading and in general (changes are highlighted in red)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Public body / budget program|2017 (thousands
UAH)|2018
(First reading)
(thousands
UAH)|2018
(in general)
(thousands
UAH)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Ministry for Temporarily Occupied**
**Areas**
**and**
**Internally**
**Displaced**
**Persons of Ukraine**|28 149,4|36 230,1|193 883, 5|\n|Measures on protection and ensuring
of rights and freedoms of people
deprived of liberty, and their families
because of actions of illegal armed
groups and/or authorities of Russian
Federation
on
non-government
controlled areas of Donetsk and
Luhansk oblasts and temporarily
occupied territory of Ukraine|-|-|96 714,4|\n|Pilot
measures
on
reacting
to
problems of development caused by
displacement
and
return
of
combatants|-|-|59 401,8|\n|Subvention from the state budget to
local budgets to support the areas
affected by armed conflict in Eastern
Ukraine|17 000,0|34 000,0|34 000,0|\n|**Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine**|151 989 115,2|151 765 147,4|150 137 180,8|\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/974a85cb-d297-3102-88c0-1112eb7f937c/ananlysis_of_the_approved_budget_eng_0-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Monthly specific-recipient assistance
to internally displaced persons in
covering housing (including utility)
expenses|3 263 665,0|3 211 758,6|3 211 758,6|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Financing experimental employment
of members of low-income families
and internally displaced persons|20 000,0|20 000,0|20 000,0|\n|Financial support of measures in
creating workplaces for infrastructure
renewing
and
development
in
Donetsk oblast|-|-|80 000,0|\n|**Pension Fund of Ukraine**|141 315 405,1|141 315 405,1|139 313 418,3|\n|**Ministry of Education and Science of**
**Ukraine**|32 577 228,6|30 813 620,0|31 787 239,7|\n|**Ministry of Health of Ukraine**|16 208 096,1|31 536 413,0|26 543 770,0|\n|**Ministry of Justice of Ukraine**|9 094 510,3|12 692 763,2|12 692 763,2|\n|Legal Aid Coordination Center|408 744,9|529 326,4|529 326,4|\n|**Ministry of Regional Development,**
**Construction and Public Utilities of**
**Ukraine**|1 736 146,7|1 290 145,6|3 777 340,4|\n|State
support
for
construction
(purchase) of affordable housing|-|-|100 000,0|\n|Supporting Ukraine\u2019s regional policy|1 000,0|449 500,0|449 500,0|\n|Implementing
the
Extraordinary
Financing
Program
of
Restoring
Ukraine|55 000,0|50 000,0|50 000,0|\n|Financing
implementation
and
coordination
of
the
urban
infrastructure development project,
projects in Ukraine\u2019s centralized heat
supply
sector,
the
extraordinary
financing program for Ukraine, the
Ukrainian municipal infrastructure
development program, and projects
of restoring Eastern Ukraine|38 800,0|88 900,0|88 900,0|\n|Financial support to the State Fund
for
Promotion
of
Housing
Construction for Young People|6 850,0|6 850,0|6 850,0|\n|Subvention from the state budget to
local budgets for implementation of
projects under the Extraordinary
Financing
Program
of
Restoring
Ukraine**(nationwide expenditures)**|2 145 000,0|1 000 000,0|1 500 000,0|\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/974a85cb-d297-3102-88c0-1112eb7f937c/ananlysis_of_the_approved_budget_eng_0-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|State Fund for Regional Development|3 500 000,0|8 100 000,0|6 000 000,0|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Ministry of Defense of Ukraine**|68 819 627,0|83 314 500,0|86 582 200,0|\n|**State Service for Emergencies**|8 157 502,4|10 744 000,0|11 234 000,0|\n|**State Migration Service**|2 006 225,0|2 873 929,1|2 873 929,1|\n|**Administration of the State Border**
**Guard Service**|7 923 204,7|9 043 800,0|9 343 800,0|\n\n# Based on comparative table, the possible conclusion is that security and defense issues, as well as infrastructure development will be in the priority for 2018 (taking into account an increase in funding of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, State Service for Emergencies, Administration of the State Border Guard Service, Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Public Utilities of Ukraine and state budget program \u201cAffordable Housing\u201d). In addition, the appearance of new budget program on pilot measures on reacting to problems of development caused by displacement and return of combatants which will be implemented by MTOT makes an interest. The meaning of this program is unclear yet, but it can be probably related to IDPs` issues as well. However, a decrease in funding of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine and the Pension Fund of Ukraine (between first and second readings of the draft 2018 budget) provides with conclusions that state approaches to payment of pensions to individuals residing on NGCA and monthly specific-recipient assistance to internally displaced persons won`t be changed. It is also doubtful that the recovery of Eastern Ukraine is the priority of state policy. The previous conclusion on absence of effective state strategy on this issue remains actual.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/974a85cb-d297-3102-88c0-1112eb7f937c/ananlysis_of_the_approved_budget_eng_0-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_772/raw/doc_772_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_772/raw/doc_772_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 972b9d7ba31c99ac13f465cf2d57e90b35a9a057..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_772/raw/doc_772_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Pays, r\u00e9gions et
cercles|Mali, Gao (N\u2019Tillit, Ansongo, Talataye, Tin-Hama), M\u00e9naka (Menaka, Anderaboukane), Kidal (Kidal, Abeibara, Tinasoko)|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Situation**
**humanitaire**
|La**r\u00e9gion de Gao** fait face \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des chocs suivants: s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, banditisme, et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 30% de la population (soit 194
643 personnes). 38 368 enfants de moins de cinq ans et femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes (FEFA) sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 52% de la population (soit
339 146 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau potable et 15% des 513 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des Centre de
Sant\u00e9 de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef) et 22% des Centre de Sant\u00e9 Communautaire (CSCom) sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s
d\u2019acc\u00e8s surtout dans les communes de Tin-Hamma, Talataye, Tessit, Ntillit ou les \u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9ponses ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; (ii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises ; (iii) un d\u00e9ficit de stock de contingence pour r\u00e9pondre aux
situations d\u2019urgence dans un bref d\u00e9lai (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Gao, mai 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka** demeure instable, avec une intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les villages
entrainant de nombreux d\u00e9placements et une exacerbation des besoins humanitaires. M\u00e9naka est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e par le banditisme \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui touche
les humanitaires et la population civile. Les risques de protection ont atteint un niveau inqui\u00e9tant alors que l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit progressivement dans les zones
sud-est de la r\u00e9gion. Par ailleurs, 61% de la population (soit 44 409 personnes) est en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 4 658 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de
malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 61% de la population (soit 44 623 personnes) n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et 50% des 174 \u00e9coles sont non fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000
\u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s pour
l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance vers les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; (ii) le fonctionnement efficace des services de Police et de Justice ; (iii) la persistance des conflits intra et
intercommunautaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Source : Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka, avril 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de Kidal** fait face \u00e0 une persistance des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (eau, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation). Cette situation exerce de plus en plus de pression
sur les organisations humanitaires pour qu'elles compensent l\u2019absence des services de l\u2019Etat. Malgr\u00e9 une relative accalmie, il convient de noter que seul les groupes signataires
contr\u00f4lent la r\u00e9gion. A cette situation viennent \u00e9galement s\u2019ajouter les risques et menaces de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques ciblant les positions de la
MINUSMA, proche des populations civiles. A ce jour, 30% de la population (soit 27 202 personnes) sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 1 559 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA
sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition. 62 % de la population (soit 56 487 personnes) n'a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et 53 % des 73 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es privant environ 5 800 enfants de
leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) les attaques asym\u00e9triques entre acteurs
arm\u00e9s ; (ii) les difficult\u00e9s de financement humanitaire ; (iii) la prise en charge des enseignants volontaires ; (iv) la construction/r\u00e9ouverture d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9, y compris
un h\u00f4pital r\u00e9gional ; (v) l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, avril 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Gao** fait face \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des chocs suivants: s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, banditisme, et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 30% de la population (soit 194
643 personnes). 38 368 enfants de moins de cinq ans et femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes (FEFA) sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 52% de la population (soit
339 146 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau potable et 15% des 513 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des Centre de
Sant\u00e9 de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef) et 22% des Centre de Sant\u00e9 Communautaire (CSCom) sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s
d\u2019acc\u00e8s surtout dans les communes de Tin-Hamma, Talataye, Tessit, Ntillit ou les \u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9ponses ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; (ii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises ; (iii) un d\u00e9ficit de stock de contingence pour r\u00e9pondre aux
situations d\u2019urgence dans un bref d\u00e9lai (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Gao, mai 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka** demeure instable, avec une intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les villages
entrainant de nombreux d\u00e9placements et une exacerbation des besoins humanitaires. M\u00e9naka est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e par le banditisme \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui touche
les humanitaires et la population civile. Les risques de protection ont atteint un niveau inqui\u00e9tant alors que l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit progressivement dans les zones
sud-est de la r\u00e9gion. Par ailleurs, 61% de la population (soit 44 409 personnes) est en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 4 658 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de
malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 61% de la population (soit 44 623 personnes) n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et 50% des 174 \u00e9coles sont non fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000
\u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s pour
l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance vers les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; (ii) le fonctionnement efficace des services de Police et de Justice ; (iii) la persistance des conflits intra et
intercommunautaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Source : Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka, avril 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de Kidal** fait face \u00e0 une persistance des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (eau, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation). Cette situation exerce de plus en plus de pression
sur les organisations humanitaires pour qu'elles compensent l\u2019absence des services de l\u2019Etat. Malgr\u00e9 une relative accalmie, il convient de noter que seul les groupes signataires
contr\u00f4lent la r\u00e9gion. A cette situation viennent \u00e9galement s\u2019ajouter les risques et menaces de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques ciblant les positions de la
MINUSMA, proche des populations civiles. A ce jour, 30% de la population (soit 27 202 personnes) sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 1 559 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA
sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition. 62 % de la population (soit 56 487 personnes) n'a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et 53 % des 73 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es privant environ 5 800 enfants de
leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) les attaques asym\u00e9triques entre acteurs
arm\u00e9s ; (ii) les difficult\u00e9s de financement humanitaire ; (iii) la prise en charge des enseignants volontaires ; (iv) la construction/r\u00e9ouverture d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9, y compris
un h\u00f4pital r\u00e9gional ; (v) l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, avril 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Gao** fait face \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des chocs suivants: s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, banditisme, et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 30% de la population (soit 194
643 personnes). 38 368 enfants de moins de cinq ans et femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes (FEFA) sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 52% de la population (soit
339 146 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau potable et 15% des 513 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des Centre de
Sant\u00e9 de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef) et 22% des Centre de Sant\u00e9 Communautaire (CSCom) sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s
d\u2019acc\u00e8s surtout dans les communes de Tin-Hamma, Talataye, Tessit, Ntillit ou les \u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9ponses ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; (ii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises ; (iii) un d\u00e9ficit de stock de contingence pour r\u00e9pondre aux
situations d\u2019urgence dans un bref d\u00e9lai (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Gao, mai 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka** demeure instable, avec une intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les villages
entrainant de nombreux d\u00e9placements et une exacerbation des besoins humanitaires. M\u00e9naka est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e par le banditisme \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui touche
les humanitaires et la population civile. Les risques de protection ont atteint un niveau inqui\u00e9tant alors que l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit progressivement dans les zones
sud-est de la r\u00e9gion. Par ailleurs, 61% de la population (soit 44 409 personnes) est en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 4 658 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de
malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 61% de la population (soit 44 623 personnes) n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et 50% des 174 \u00e9coles sont non fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000
\u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s pour
l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance vers les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; (ii) le fonctionnement efficace des services de Police et de Justice ; (iii) la persistance des conflits intra et
intercommunautaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Source : Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka, avril 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de Kidal** fait face \u00e0 une persistance des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (eau, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation). Cette situation exerce de plus en plus de pression
sur les organisations humanitaires pour qu'elles compensent l\u2019absence des services de l\u2019Etat. Malgr\u00e9 une relative accalmie, il convient de noter que seul les groupes signataires
contr\u00f4lent la r\u00e9gion. A cette situation viennent \u00e9galement s\u2019ajouter les risques et menaces de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques ciblant les positions de la
MINUSMA, proche des populations civiles. A ce jour, 30% de la population (soit 27 202 personnes) sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 1 559 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA
sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition. 62 % de la population (soit 56 487 personnes) n'a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et 53 % des 73 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es privant environ 5 800 enfants de
leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) les attaques asym\u00e9triques entre acteurs
arm\u00e9s ; (ii) les difficult\u00e9s de financement humanitaire ; (iii) la prise en charge des enseignants volontaires ; (iv) la construction/r\u00e9ouverture d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9, y compris
un h\u00f4pital r\u00e9gional ; (v) l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, avril 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Gao** fait face \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des chocs suivants: s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, banditisme, et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 30% de la population (soit 194
643 personnes). 38 368 enfants de moins de cinq ans et femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes (FEFA) sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 52% de la population (soit
339 146 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau potable et 15% des 513 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des Centre de
Sant\u00e9 de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef) et 22% des Centre de Sant\u00e9 Communautaire (CSCom) sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s
d\u2019acc\u00e8s surtout dans les communes de Tin-Hamma, Talataye, Tessit, Ntillit ou les \u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9ponses ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; (ii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises ; (iii) un d\u00e9ficit de stock de contingence pour r\u00e9pondre aux
situations d\u2019urgence dans un bref d\u00e9lai (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Gao, mai 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka** demeure instable, avec une intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les villages
entrainant de nombreux d\u00e9placements et une exacerbation des besoins humanitaires. M\u00e9naka est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e par le banditisme \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui touche
les humanitaires et la population civile. Les risques de protection ont atteint un niveau inqui\u00e9tant alors que l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit progressivement dans les zones
sud-est de la r\u00e9gion. Par ailleurs, 61% de la population (soit 44 409 personnes) est en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 4 658 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de
malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 61% de la population (soit 44 623 personnes) n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et 50% des 174 \u00e9coles sont non fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000
\u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s pour
l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance vers les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; (ii) le fonctionnement efficace des services de Police et de Justice ; (iii) la persistance des conflits intra et
intercommunautaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Source : Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka, avril 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de Kidal** fait face \u00e0 une persistance des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (eau, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation). Cette situation exerce de plus en plus de pression
sur les organisations humanitaires pour qu'elles compensent l\u2019absence des services de l\u2019Etat. Malgr\u00e9 une relative accalmie, il convient de noter que seul les groupes signataires
contr\u00f4lent la r\u00e9gion. A cette situation viennent \u00e9galement s\u2019ajouter les risques et menaces de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques ciblant les positions de la
MINUSMA, proche des populations civiles. A ce jour, 30% de la population (soit 27 202 personnes) sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 1 559 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA
sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition. 62 % de la population (soit 56 487 personnes) n'a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et 53 % des 73 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es privant environ 5 800 enfants de
leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) les attaques asym\u00e9triques entre acteurs
arm\u00e9s ; (ii) les difficult\u00e9s de financement humanitaire ; (iii) la prise en charge des enseignants volontaires ; (iv) la construction/r\u00e9ouverture d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9, y compris
un h\u00f4pital r\u00e9gional ; (v) l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, avril 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Gao** fait face \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des chocs suivants: s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, banditisme, et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 30% de la population (soit 194
643 personnes). 38 368 enfants de moins de cinq ans et femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes (FEFA) sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 52% de la population (soit
339 146 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s a l\u2019eau potable et 15% des 513 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des Centre de
Sant\u00e9 de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef) et 22% des Centre de Sant\u00e9 Communautaire (CSCom) sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s
d\u2019acc\u00e8s surtout dans les communes de Tin-Hamma, Talataye, Tessit, Ntillit ou les \u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9ponses ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; (ii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises ; (iii) un d\u00e9ficit de stock de contingence pour r\u00e9pondre aux
situations d\u2019urgence dans un bref d\u00e9lai (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Gao, mai 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka** demeure instable, avec une intensification des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les villages
entrainant de nombreux d\u00e9placements et une exacerbation des besoins humanitaires. M\u00e9naka est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9e par le banditisme \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui touche
les humanitaires et la population civile. Les risques de protection ont atteint un niveau inqui\u00e9tant alors que l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit progressivement dans les zones
sud-est de la r\u00e9gion. Par ailleurs, 61% de la population (soit 44 409 personnes) est en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 4 658 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de
malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 61% de la population (soit 44 623 personnes) n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et 50% des 174 \u00e9coles sont non fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 8 000
\u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s pour
l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance vers les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; (ii) le fonctionnement efficace des services de Police et de Justice ; (iii) la persistance des conflits intra et
intercommunautaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Source : Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de M\u00e9naka, avril 2019).

La**r\u00e9gion de Kidal** fait face \u00e0 une persistance des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (eau, sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation). Cette situation exerce de plus en plus de pression
sur les organisations humanitaires pour qu'elles compensent l\u2019absence des services de l\u2019Etat. Malgr\u00e9 une relative accalmie, il convient de noter que seul les groupes signataires
contr\u00f4lent la r\u00e9gion. A cette situation viennent \u00e9galement s\u2019ajouter les risques et menaces de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 la recrudescence des attaques ciblant les positions de la
MINUSMA, proche des populations civiles. A ce jour, 30% de la population (soit 27 202 personnes) sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. 1 559 enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA
sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition. 62 % de la population (soit 56 487 personnes) n'a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau potable et 53 % des 73 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es privant environ 5 800 enfants de
leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 75% des CSRef et 22% des CSCom sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) les attaques asym\u00e9triques entre acteurs
arm\u00e9s ; (ii) les difficult\u00e9s de financement humanitaire ; (iii) la prise en charge des enseignants volontaires ; (iv) la construction/r\u00e9ouverture d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9, y compris
un h\u00f4pital r\u00e9gional ; (v) l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base. (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, avril 2019).|\n|**Risques**
**de**
**Protection**|**Donn\u00e9es existantes**|**Menaces**|**Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s**|**Capacit\u00e9s**|**Evaluation du risque**|\n|**Mariage**
**pr\u00e9coce**|14,3 % des adolescentes de 15-19
ans \u00e9taient mari\u00e9es ou en unions|Les causes principales du mariage
pr\u00e9coce sont : le poids de la
coutume, l\u2019influence de la famille,|Les filles sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0
ce type de risque. La tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge la
plus \u00e0 risque se situe entre 13 et 17|L\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de mariage au Mali est
de 16 ans, avec possibilit\u00e9 de se
marier
\u00e0
15
ans
avec
le|Risque tr\u00e8s probable
avec impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|avant d\u2019atteindre 15 ans (au
niveau national)
38 % des adolescentes de 15-19
ans ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 leur vie
f\u00e9conde dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao
Source : Enqu\u00eate
d\u00e9mographique et de sant\u00e9
2018, INSTAT|et la pauvret\u00e9. Les cons\u00e9quences
sont multiples pour les victimes :
grossesse non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es,
avortements, et suicide. Un
facteur aggravant est la non
application de la loi en vigueur \u00e0
propos de l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal pour se
marier.|ans. Le mariage pr\u00e9coce entra\u00eene des
risques de d\u00e9scolarisation et de la
prostitution.
La proportion d\u2019adolescentes ayant
d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 leur vie f\u00e9conde
diminue de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s importante
avec l\u2019augmentation du niveau
d\u2019instruction.|consentement des parents. Le Mali
a ratifi\u00e9 la CDE en 1990. Par ailleurs,
il existe une loi en vigueur contre les
VBG qui r\u00e9gule la question du
mariage pr\u00e9coce
Par ailleurs, des structures
communautaires comme les Comit\u00e9
de veille, les CLPC et les club anti-
VBG sont des ressources
importantes pour la communaut\u00e9.|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Prolif\u00e9ration**
**des armes**
**l\u00e9g\u00e8res et**
**munitions**||La prolif\u00e9ration des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res
et
des
munitions
attise
les
tensions intercommunautaires, le
banditisme et la criminalit\u00e9. Les
populations
sont
touch\u00e9es
physiquement
et
psychologiquement. La perte de
biens et de leur de pouvoir
\u00e9conomique
aggrave
leur
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.
Le
manque
de
justice
pour
les
auteurs
de
violence cr\u00e9\u00e9 un sentiment de
frustration dans la communaut\u00e9.|Les
femmes,
les
enfants,
les
personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es sont les plus
vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 ce type de risque.|Un processus de DDR est en cours
visant \u00e0 une d\u00e9pollution des armes.


|Risque tr\u00e8s probable
avec impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)|\n|

**Meurtres et**
**assassinats,**
**attaque**
**d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e**


|64 atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique
et/ou psychique, 9 atteintes au
droit \u00e0 la vie, et 10 atteintes a la
libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la
personne dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao
(entre janvier et septembre
2019).
|Les
meurtres,
assassinats
et
attaques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es sont caus\u00e9s
par : (1) les groupes arm\u00e9s y
compris les groupes non \u00e9tatiques
sur
base
de
motivation
id\u00e9ologique,
politique
et/ou
religieuse (tendance pro-Azawad,
islam radical) ; (2) les forces de
s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense maliennes ;|Les victimes de violations des droits
humains sont majoritairement les
r\u00e9sidents (73%), les PDI (13%), les PDI
retourn\u00e9s (11%) et les rapatri\u00e9s (3%).

Les personnes t\u00e9moins de ces
violations
sont
\u00e9galement
lourdement touch\u00e9es, pr\u00e9sentant|La pr\u00e9sence des FDS Mali, de la
MINUSMA et de la force Barkhane a
pour but de s\u00e9curiser les zones o\u00f9
vit la population civile.

La pr\u00e9sence humanitaire permet la
prise en charge des victimes de
violence, cependant on note une
augmentation
des
attaques|Risque probable avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Source : Monitoring de
protection (UNHCR/AMSS)|(3) les individus non identifi\u00e9s (li\u00e9
\u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9/banditisme en
raison des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et de la
pauvret\u00e9) ; (4) les groupes
ethniques d\u2019autod\u00e9fense.
L\u2019absence de justice et l\u2019impunit\u00e9
des auteurs de violations des
droits humains contribuent
fortement \u00e0 cette menace.
Les cons\u00e9quences de ce type de
violation sont multiples, et
comprennent la perte de vie
humaine ou des blessures
physiques et \u00e9motionnelles fortes,
des mouvements de population,
un accroissement de la pauvret\u00e9
et la naissance d\u2019un sentiment de
vengeance qui alimente le cercle
vicieux de la violence.|des signes importants de souffrance
\u00e9motionnelle et psychologique.|d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es contre le personnel et les
biens humanitaires.
Il existe par ailleurs une forme de
solidarit\u00e9 communautaire envers
les femmes et les enfants et des
strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation positive
d\u2019auto-protection.|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Atteinte au**
**droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|213 atteintes au droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans la
r\u00e9gion de Gao (entre janvier et
septembre 2019).

Source :
Monitoring
de
protection (UNHCR/AMSS)|Les
vols
et
extorsions
ont
principalement pour cause le
banditisme, qui est facilit\u00e9 par la
prolif\u00e9ration des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et
de guerre et par l\u2019absence ou
l\u2019insuffisance des patrouilles des
forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines
localit\u00e9s et sur les axes routiers.

Un certains nombre de conflits
fonciers
ont
\u00e9t\u00e9
rapport\u00e9s
notamment dans le cas de lots a|La population civile est victime de
braquage et d\u2019extorsion sur les axes
routiers et dans les centres urbains
(cambriolage de maisons), ceci les
expose \u00e0 d\u2019autre forme de violation
comme l\u2019atteinte du droit \u00e0 la vie
lorsque les victimes sont menac\u00e9es
pour les contraindre \u00e0 obtemp\u00e9rer.

Les conflits fonciers sont dus au
manque de cadastre
et \u00e0
la|Les populations ou usagers des axes
routiers mettent en place des
strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation et optent
pour des changements d\u2019approche
dans leur d\u00e9placement sur les axes
routiers,
dans
les
foires
hebdomadaires, ne voyage pas avec
de
l\u2019argent
surtout
les
gros
montants.|Risque probable avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|usage d\u2019habitation dans les
p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries de la ville.|falsification des documents par les
fraudeurs.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Incidents li\u00e9s**
**aux mines,**
**restes explosifs**
**de guerre,**
**engins explosifs**
**improvis\u00e9s**||Les mines, REG et EEI sont caus\u00e9s
par les groupes arm\u00e9s et les
parties au conflit arm\u00e9s. La
motivation
principale
est
d\u2019instaurer un climat de terreur.

La pr\u00e9sence de mines, REG et EEI
entra\u00eene
des
pertes
en
vie
humaines,
des
blessures,
un
handicap
physique,
et
des
traumatismes
psychosociaux
importants ainsi qu\u2019une privation
de
l\u2019acc\u00e8s
aux
moyens
de
subsistance
(p\u00e2turages,
infrastructures, champs) et la
fermeture de certaines routes. La
souffrance
physique
et
psychologique des victimes est
consid\u00e9rable. Ce type de risque
entrave \u00e9galement la libert\u00e9 de
circulation de la population civile
et affecte le d\u00e9veloppement social
et \u00e9conomique.|Les civils sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0
ce
risque,
particuli\u00e8rement
les
enfants et les adolescents, les
femmes, les marchants, et certaines
communaut\u00e9s
(notamment
les
nomades
et
les
forains
qui
empruntent les axes routiers ou
quittent les zones de conflit). La
plupart des victimes civiles se font
sur les axes routiers, lors de
d\u00e9placement pour se rendre au
march\u00e9.|De nombreux acteurs humanitaires
font de la sensibilisation sur les
risques li\u00e9s aux mines, REG et EEI
(ex : HI, MAG, UNICEF). Les leaders
communautaires et religieux jouent
\u00e9galement un r\u00f4le important dans
la sensibilisation aux risques. Des
services de prise en charge des
victimes sont \u00e9galement accessible
(prise en charge m\u00e9dicale, appui
psychosocial, appui \u00e9conomique)|Risque tr\u00e8s probable
avec impact majeur
(score : 6)|\n|**Obstacles**
**d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la**
**justice pour les**
**victimes de**
**violations**
**graves des**||Les atteintes \u00e0 la vie, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9
physique, \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sont les
principales menaces qui touchent
les populations civiles au Mali.
L\u2019absence
des
institutions
judiciaires et l\u2019impunit\u00e9 sont des|Les populations Tamachep, Peuls,
Dogon
sont
particuli\u00e8rement
touch\u00e9es par ce type de risque car
elles sont les principales victimes de
violations graves des droits de
l\u2019homme mais \u00e9galement car elles
vivent dans des zones d\u2019habitation|Il existe un service de justice \u00e0 Gao
ville. Les cliniques juridiques sont
\u00e9galement
une
ressource
importante pour la communaut\u00e9.
|Risque tr\u00e8s probable
avec impact majeur
(score : 6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|droits de
l\u2019homme|Col2|obstacles majeurs \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la
justice.|qui ne sont pas couvertes par ces
services.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**D\u00e9placement**
**forc\u00e9 de**
**population**|Gao :
\u2022 26 660 PDIs (46% H, 51% F)
dont
62%
sur
les
sites
spontan\u00e9 et 38% dans la
communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te.
\u2022 149 320 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48%
H et 52% F).
\u2022 17 173 rapatri\u00e9s de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie,
Burkina
Faso,
Mauritanie,
Niger, Nig\u00e9ria, Tunisie.

M\u00e9naka :
\u2022 12 310 PDIs (49% H et 51% F).
\u2022 67 487 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% H
et 52% F).
\u2022 14 126 rapatri\u00e9s de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie,
Burkina
Faso,
Mauritanie,
Niger.

Kidal :
\u2022 890 PDIs (45% H et 55% F)
dont 92% dans les sites
spontan\u00e9s et 8% dans la
communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te.
\u2022 2 184 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (51% H
et 49% F).
\u2022 2 030 rapatri\u00e9s de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie,
Burkina Faso, Mauritanie et
Niger.
|Les d\u00e9placements sont cons\u00e9cutifs
aux conflits intercommunautaires,
aux op\u00e9rations militaires, aux
affrontements
entre
groupes
arm\u00e9s (rivalit\u00e9 pour le contr\u00f4le du
territoire,
repr\u00e9sailles),
\u00e0
l\u2019incursion d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s en
provenance
de
M\u00e9naka,
Anderamboukane, Ntillit, Gourma
et la fronti\u00e8re Mali-Niger ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0
la criminalit\u00e9 (braquage, vol de
b\u00e9tail). La comp\u00e9tition pour le
contr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles
est \u00e9galement une des causes des
d\u00e9placements.

Ces
d\u00e9placements
ont
des
cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes sur la
population,
notamment
la
s\u00e9paration
des
familles,
l\u2019accroissement des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s
\u00e9conomique
et
sociale,
et
l\u2019effritement
de
la
coh\u00e9sion
sociale.

|Les individus ou groupes cibl\u00e9s lors
des conflits intercommunautaires
sont les hommes (adolescents et
adultes
de
sexe
masculin)
appartenant aux ethnies Peulh et
IDaussahak
ainsi
que
toutes
personnes
per\u00e7ues
comme
collaborant avec les forces arm\u00e9es
par
exemple
les
interpr\u00e8tes/traducteurs
(FAMA,
Barkhane et alli\u00e9s).

D\u2019autres facteurs de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9,
comme les catastrophes naturelles
ou l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux services sociaux
de base alimentent \u00e9galement le
d\u00e9placement de population.
|Les capacit\u00e9s de la population
affect\u00e9e pour faire face \u00e0 la menace
sont la solidarit\u00e9 communautaire et
religieuse \u00e0 travers les m\u00e9canismes
traditionnels de gestion des conflits.
Par ailleurs, malgr\u00e9 des contraintes
logistiques et financi\u00e8res, on note la
pr\u00e9sence et la r\u00e9ponse des acteurs
humanitaires ainsi que la volont\u00e9 de
protection des citoyens de la part
de l\u2019Etat.

L\u2019existence
au
sein
des
communaut\u00e9s
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es
de
comp\u00e9tences
\u00e9conomiques
(\u00e9levage, commerce, agriculture,
m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019artisanat) leur permet
de mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes
positifs d\u2019adaptation.
|Risque probable avec
impact majeur (Score :
4)

|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Source : DTM/CMP juin 2019|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**S\u00e9paration**
**familiale**
**(enfants non**
**accompagn\u00e9s et**
**enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s)**|57 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao et 50 dans
la r\u00e9gion de Kidal

Source: UNICEF/MRM|Les mouvements de population
sont la raison principale causant la
s\u00e9paration des familles.
|Les gar\u00e7ons et les filles sont
vuln\u00e9rables au risque de s\u00e9paration
familiale.

|Les ENA/ES sont confi\u00e9s au niveau
communautaire
aux
chefs
de
village/quartier/fraction ou \u00e0 un
membre ressortissant de sa localit\u00e9
d\u2019origine. Ils peuvent \u00e9galement
\u00eatre pris en charge par des
structures comme les CTO (centre
de transit et d\u2019orientation), les FAT
(famille d\u2019accueil transitoire) et les
EAE (espace d\u2019ami d\u2019enfants).|Risque probable avec
impact majeur (score
4)|\n|**Recrutement**
**des enfants**
**dans les forces**
**et groupes**
**arm\u00e9s**|57 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao et 50 dans
la r\u00e9gion de Kidal

Source: UNICEF/MRM|La
constitution
des
groupes
d\u2019autod\u00e9fense,
en
raison
de
l\u2019intensification du conflit arm\u00e9,
repr\u00e9sente la premi\u00e8re menace.
La
fermeture
des
\u00e9coles
a
\u00e9galement eu pour cons\u00e9quence
d\u2019augmenter le recrutement des
enfants par les forces et groupes
arm\u00e9s. Enfin, il convient de noter
que les parents repr\u00e9sentent
\u00e9galement une menace de part
leur
complicit\u00e9
avec
les
responsables des groupes arm\u00e9s
et leur choix d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 ce
type
de
m\u00e9canisme
n\u00e9gatif
d\u2019adaptation
(falsification
des
documents sur l\u2019\u00e2ge des enfants).|Les gar\u00e7ons sont majoritairement
cibl\u00e9s par le recrutement par les
forces et groupes arm\u00e9s. Les filles
sont cibl\u00e9es dans une moindre
mesure.
|Il existe un protocole entre le
syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies et le
gouvernement. Des Centres de
Transition et d\u2019Orientation (CTO)
sont \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Gao et Kidal. Par
ailleurs,
plusieurs
organisations
offrent des services de prise en
charge et effectuent du travail de
sensibilisation sur cette th\u00e9matique
(ATDED, COOPI, CTO Gao, DNPFEF,
Kanuya, Solisa, Tdh, UNICEF).|Risque possible avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
3)|\n|**Exploitation et**
**travail forc\u00e9 des**
**enfants**|23
d\u2019enfants
victimes
d\u2019exploitation \u00e9conomique
|Le travail forc\u00e9 est un m\u00e9canisme
n\u00e9gatif d\u2019adaptation des familles
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en raison du manque|Les filles sont majoritairement plus
vuln\u00e9rables au risque d\u2019exploitation
et de travail forc\u00e9 (52% de filles). Les|Des organisations effectuent de la
sensibilisation et des formations sur
cette th\u00e9matique : ENDA, TDH,|Risque possible avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
3)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Source : TDH|d\u2019opportunit\u00e9, de la pauvret\u00e9 et
de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Les
enfants exercent un travail
comme marchands ambulants et
dans les petits commerces. Ils sont
expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des agressions
physiques, psychiques, verbales et
sexuelles ainsi que fortement
touch\u00e9 par la d\u00e9scolarisation.|gar\u00e7ons sont \u00e9galement vuln\u00e9rables
mais dans une moindre mesure (48%
de gar\u00e7ons). La fermeture des \u00e9coles
augmente la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des
enfants n\u2019allant pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 \u00eatre
davantage expos\u00e9 \u00e0 ce risque.|DRPFEF, Directions du Travail et de
l\u2019Emploi, les Comit\u00e9s Locaux de
Protection de l\u2019Enfant
La Convention n\u00b0138 de l\u2019OIT
concernant l\u2019\u00e2ge minimum
d\u2019admission \u00e0 l\u2019emploi, ratifi\u00e9e le 11
mars 2002 par le Mali fixe \u00e0 15 ans
l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal pour travailler.|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Viol**|7 de cas de VBG et 1 cas de
violence sexuelle li\u00e9e au conflit
document\u00e9s \u00e0 Gao, M\u00e9naka et
Kidal
depuis
janvier
2019
(d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9 par sexe).

Source :
Monitoring
de
protection UNHCR/AMSS


|Les auteurs de viol sont les
groupes arm\u00e9s.

La peur de repr\u00e9sailles et la
stigmatisation mais aussi le faible
acc\u00e8s des populations aux services
de prise en charge et l\u2019impunit\u00e9
des auteurs de viol sont des
facteurs aggravants.

Les
cons\u00e9quences
pour
les
victimes sont multiples : risque de
maladie/IST,
grossesses
non
d\u00e9sir\u00e9es,
et
traumatismes
psychologiques importants.|Les femmes et les jeunes filles sont
les plus vuln\u00e9rables. Les femmes
vivant
seules
sont
davantage
expos\u00e9es au risque de viol.|Des structures communautaires
comme les CLPC, les comit\u00e9s de
veille communautaire et les clubs
anti-VBG sont des ressources
importantes pour la communaut\u00e9.

Certains
acteurs
humanitaires
offrent des services de prise en
charge (UNFPA, Tarakat, DASS,
Greffe).
|Risque possible avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
3)|\n|**Manque de**
**documentation**
**civile**||L\u2019absence des services \u00e9tatiques,
la corruption et la perte de
documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil pendant le
d\u00e9placement sont les causes
principales
du
manque
de
documentation civile.

Le non acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certains services
sociaux de base (\u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9)|Les personnes les plus pauvres
n\u2019ayant pas les moyens \u00e9conomiques
pour l\u2019obtention de documentation.

Le
manque
d\u2019information
sur
l\u2019importance de la documentation
civile ainsi que la coutume et les
normes culturelles (ne pas avoir pour
habitude
de
poss\u00e9der
des||Risque possible avec
impact s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score :
3)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Gao, M\u00e9naka, Kidal**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|est une des cons\u00e9quences
principales du manque de
documentation. Le risque
d\u2019apatride est \u00e9galement \u00e0
prendre en consid\u00e9ration.|documents) sont des facteurs
aggravant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**D\u00e9ni de**
**ressources**||Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants sont les
causes principales du d\u00e9ni de
ressources : abus de pouvoir,
conflit, influence de la famille,
in\u00e9galit\u00e9, et niveau de pauvret\u00e9.
|Les femmes et les petites filles sont
plus
vuln\u00e9rables
au
d\u00e9ni
de
ressources que d\u2019autres populations.
La
m\u00e9connaissance
des
lois
religieuses
est
un
facteur
de
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire.||Risque tr\u00e8s probable
avec impact mod\u00e9r\u00e9
(score : 3)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13bb81c5-755f-3d2a-9441-a5ed6fc7b2b6/annexe_2a_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_gao_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_773/raw/doc_773_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_773/raw/doc_773_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cf35e9f2aaa375d43b1111b319b9ae769c227c93..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_773/raw/doc_773_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Pays, r\u00e9gions et cercles|Mali, Mopti (Douentza, Teninkou, Youwarou, Bandiagara, Bankass, Koro, Djenne, Mopti)|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Situation humanitaire**
|La**r\u00e9gion de Mopti** a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par les conflits intercommunautaires et les actes de violence, y inclus les graves exactions de droit de l\u2019homme, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre
des civils qui ont pouss\u00e9 des milliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Au 30 juin 2019, on compte 50 643 PDIs (49% d\u2019hommes et 51% de femmes) dont 76% vivent avec
les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et 24% sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, ainsi que 41 108 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% d\u2019hommes et 52% de femmes), et 4 374 rapatri\u00e9s du Burkina Faso, de
la Mauritanie et du Niger. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 8% de la population (soit 217 000 personnes). Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion
de Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles. Par ailleurs, 12,6% des localit\u00e9s disposent de CSCom (dans la localit\u00e9) tandis que 24,2% des localit\u00e9s
sont \u00e0 plus de 15 kms des CSCom. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de la
recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires; (ii) les mouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ; (iii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, f\u00e9vrier 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Mopti** a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par les conflits intercommunautaires et les actes de violence, y inclus les graves exactions de droit de l\u2019homme, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre
des civils qui ont pouss\u00e9 des milliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Au 30 juin 2019, on compte 50 643 PDIs (49% d\u2019hommes et 51% de femmes) dont 76% vivent avec
les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et 24% sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, ainsi que 41 108 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% d\u2019hommes et 52% de femmes), et 4 374 rapatri\u00e9s du Burkina Faso, de
la Mauritanie et du Niger. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 8% de la population (soit 217 000 personnes). Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion
de Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles. Par ailleurs, 12,6% des localit\u00e9s disposent de CSCom (dans la localit\u00e9) tandis que 24,2% des localit\u00e9s
sont \u00e0 plus de 15 kms des CSCom. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de la
recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires; (ii) les mouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ; (iii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, f\u00e9vrier 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Mopti** a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par les conflits intercommunautaires et les actes de violence, y inclus les graves exactions de droit de l\u2019homme, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre
des civils qui ont pouss\u00e9 des milliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Au 30 juin 2019, on compte 50 643 PDIs (49% d\u2019hommes et 51% de femmes) dont 76% vivent avec
les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et 24% sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, ainsi que 41 108 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% d\u2019hommes et 52% de femmes), et 4 374 rapatri\u00e9s du Burkina Faso, de
la Mauritanie et du Niger. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 8% de la population (soit 217 000 personnes). Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion
de Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles. Par ailleurs, 12,6% des localit\u00e9s disposent de CSCom (dans la localit\u00e9) tandis que 24,2% des localit\u00e9s
sont \u00e0 plus de 15 kms des CSCom. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de la
recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires; (ii) les mouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ; (iii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, f\u00e9vrier 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Mopti** a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par les conflits intercommunautaires et les actes de violence, y inclus les graves exactions de droit de l\u2019homme, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre
des civils qui ont pouss\u00e9 des milliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Au 30 juin 2019, on compte 50 643 PDIs (49% d\u2019hommes et 51% de femmes) dont 76% vivent avec
les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et 24% sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, ainsi que 41 108 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% d\u2019hommes et 52% de femmes), et 4 374 rapatri\u00e9s du Burkina Faso, de
la Mauritanie et du Niger. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 8% de la population (soit 217 000 personnes). Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion
de Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles. Par ailleurs, 12,6% des localit\u00e9s disposent de CSCom (dans la localit\u00e9) tandis que 24,2% des localit\u00e9s
sont \u00e0 plus de 15 kms des CSCom. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de la
recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires; (ii) les mouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ; (iii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, f\u00e9vrier 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Mopti** a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par les conflits intercommunautaires et les actes de violence, y inclus les graves exactions de droit de l\u2019homme, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s contre
des civils qui ont pouss\u00e9 des milliers de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Au 30 juin 2019, on compte 50 643 PDIs (49% d\u2019hommes et 51% de femmes) dont 76% vivent avec
les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et 24% sur les sites spontan\u00e9s, ainsi que 41 108 PDIs retourn\u00e9s (48% d\u2019hommes et 52% de femmes), et 4 374 rapatri\u00e9s du Burkina Faso, de
la Mauritanie et du Niger. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 8% de la population (soit 217 000 personnes). Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion
de Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles. Par ailleurs, 12,6% des localit\u00e9s disposent de CSCom (dans la localit\u00e9) tandis que 24,2% des localit\u00e9s
sont \u00e0 plus de 15 kms des CSCom. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) le contexte s\u00e9curitaire qui s\u2019est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u00e9grad\u00e9 en raison de la
recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires; (ii) les mouvements forc\u00e9s de population et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base ; (iii) une
augmentation des besoins humanitaires (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, f\u00e9vrier 2019).|\n|**Risques de Protection**|**Donn\u00e9es existantes**|**Menaces**|**Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s**|**Capacit\u00e9s**|**Evaluation**
**du risque**|\n|**Viol et violence sexuelle**|11 de cas de VBG et 9 cas de
violence sexuelle li\u00e9e au conflit,
document\u00e9s
\u00e0
Mopti
depuis
janvier 2019.

Source :
Monitoring
de
protection, UNHCR/AMSS
|Les auteurs de viol sont la famille
(oncles, cousins), voisins, milices
arm\u00e9es.

La
normalisation
du
viol
(banalisation), l\u2019impunit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e
en partie par la pression sociale et
la
pesanteur
socio-culturelle,
contribuent \u00e0 augmenter le risque
de viol.

Les
cons\u00e9quences
pour
les
survivants
sont
multiples :
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9
physique
et
\u00e9conomique,
risque
de
maladie/IST,
grossesses
non
d\u00e9sir\u00e9es,
d\u00e9chirure
et
m\u00eame
parfois le d\u00e9c\u00e8s.|Les cas de viol touchent les
femmes et les filles de tout \u00e2ge et
tous groupes confondus.

Les enfants sont particuli\u00e8rement
vuln\u00e9rables (dont 45% des cas re\u00e7u
au One Stop Center).|R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et prise en charge
holistiques des victimes (UNFPA
One Stop Center)

Sensibilisations
sur
cette
th\u00e9matique (L\u2019\u00e9quipe du One Stop
Center, MSH, APDF, AMSS, DRC,
NEF, Conseil R\u00e9gional, DRPFE.)

Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des
acteurs-cl\u00e9 (50 leaders religieux,
communicateurs traditionnels et
animateurs radios ; 30 prestataires
de sant\u00e9)

Mise en place des comit\u00e9s d\u2019alerte
au sein des communaut\u00e9s 11
Comit\u00e9s d\u2019Alerte pr\u00e9coce dans les 8
cercles.
|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)

|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recrutement des enfants
dans les forces arm\u00e9es|267 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti
Source : UNICEF/MRM|La pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s, en
raison de l\u2019intensification du conflit
arm\u00e9, repr\u00e9sente la premi\u00e8re
menace. La fermeture des \u00e9coles a
\u00e9galement eu pour cons\u00e9quence
d\u2019augmenter le recrutement des
enfants par les forces et groupes
arm\u00e9s. Enfin, il convient de noter
que les parents repr\u00e9sentent
\u00e9galement une menace de par leur
complicit\u00e9 avec les responsables
des groupes arm\u00e9s et leur choix
d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 ce type de
m\u00e9canisme n\u00e9gatif d\u2019adaptation.|Les gar\u00e7ons sont majoritairement
cibl\u00e9s par le recrutement par les
forces et groupes arm\u00e9s.
Le manque de sensibilisation des
parents et des communaut\u00e9s, et
leur m\u00e9connaissance des
cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes sur le bien-
\u00eatre physique et psychique des
enfants repr\u00e9sentent un facteur
suppl\u00e9mentaire de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.|Plusieurs organisations offrent des
services de prise en charge et
effectuent du travail de
sensibilisation sur cette th\u00e9matique|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants**|267 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti

Source: UNICEF/MRM|La pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s est
la
menace
principale
aux
enl\u00e8vements
d\u2019enfants.
Ces
derniers sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral enlev\u00e9s
pour \u00eatre recrut\u00e9s dans les forces
arm\u00e9es (gar\u00e7ons) et, pour les filles,
pour aider \u00e0 porter du mat\u00e9riel,
faire la cuisine, etc.|Voir vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 dans le point
pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent|Voir point pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent|Risque
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)|\n|**S\u00e9paration familiale**
**(enfants non**
**accompagn\u00e9s et enfants**
**s\u00e9par\u00e9s)**|267 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti

Source: UNICEF/MRM|L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
et
la
violence
entrainant des mouvements forc\u00e9s
de
population
ont
pour
cons\u00e9quence la s\u00e9paration des
familles.

Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de
s\u00e9paration
familiale
qui
existait
d\u00e9j\u00e0
traditionnellement et qui n\u2019\u00e9tait
pas li\u00e9s \u00e0 la crise est exacerbe par
le conflit. En effet, les s\u00e9parations|Les gar\u00e7ons et les filles sont
vuln\u00e9rables
au
risque
de
s\u00e9paration durant le conflit. Des
s\u00e9parations conjoncturelles sont
aussi renforc\u00e9es par la crise.

Les cat\u00e9gories vuln\u00e9rables sont les
filles domestiques de S\u00e9var\u00e9, Koro,
Bankass, Douenza, Biandagara, les
enfants qui vont chercher du
travail suite \u00e0 la fermeture des|Comit\u00e9 de gestion scolaire
Pr\u00e9sence des forces de l\u2019ordre
Sensibilisation communautaire|Risque
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score 6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|familiales ont toujours exist\u00e9 dans
le pass\u00e9, qu\u2019elles soient
conjoncturelles ou structurelles
(ex : les gar\u00e7ons qui vont chercher
de l\u2019emploi en dehors de chez eux
et se font exploiter par leurs
tuteurs/employeurs \u00e0 des fins
\u00e9conomiques, les filles qui ont
l\u2019habitude de faire du travail
domestique et se trouvent
menac\u00e9es par leurs employeurs ou
d\u2019autres hommes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui
les exploitent sexuellement. Cela
entra\u00eene parfois des grossesses non
d\u00e9sir\u00e9es avec abandon de l\u2019enfant
\u00e0 la naissance, de peur de la
stigmatisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la
famille). Enfin, il existe aussi
traditionnellement les enfants
confi\u00e9s aux ma\u00eetres coraniques
(enfants talib\u00e9s) et qui sont
souvent exploit\u00e9s pour la
mendicit\u00e9. Pour toutes ces
cat\u00e9gories d\u2019enfants, le risque de
s\u00e9paration et d\u2019abus en tout genre
est exacerb\u00e9 par le conflit. En
d\u00e9finitive, les enfants alimentent
beaucoup les flux migratoires, que
ce soit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur ou \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur
du Mali.|\u00e9coles, les enfants confi\u00e9s aux
ma\u00eetres coraniques mais dont
ceux-ci sont tu\u00e9s/fuient durant la
crise, etc. Beaucoup de ces enfants
n\u2019arrivent pas \u00e0 retrouver leurs
parents une fois qu\u2019ils veulent
rentrer, car ceux-ci ont fui ou ont
m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ventuellement tu\u00e9s et
ils se retrouvent tout seuls.
Ces enfants ont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral entre
10 et 16 ans.
Idem pour les enfants non
accompagn\u00e9s qui viennent du
Burkina Faso et font du travail
domestique.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Non acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation**|Pr\u00e8s de 154 00 \u00e9l\u00e8ves n\u2019ont pas
acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion de|La pr\u00e9sence des groupes arm\u00e9s et
l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
sont
les
menaces
principales entra\u00eenant la non-|Les enfants sont touch\u00e9s par ce
risque, particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Koro,
Douenza et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Biandagara. Le|Comit\u00e9 de gestion scolaire
Sensibilisation scolaire|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Mopti en raison du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9
d\u2019\u00e9coles non fonctionnelles.
Source : UNICEF|fonctionnalit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles. Les
groupes arm\u00e9s oppos\u00e9s \u00e0
l\u2019\u00e9ducation formelle sont les
menaces principales \u00e0 la
fonctionnalit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles d\u2019abord
par les menaces/attaques contre
les enseignants qui fuient les \u00e9coles
et \u00e9galement par la suspension des
cours dans les \u00e9coles.|fait de ne pas aller \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole les met
\u00e0 risque d\u2019exploitation
\u00e9conomique quand ils partent en
qu\u00eate d\u2019emploi, de mariage
pr\u00e9coce pour les filles, etc.|Col5|majeur
(score : 6)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Incidents li\u00e9s aux mines,**
**aux restes explosifs de**
**guerre, aux engins**
**explosifs improvis\u00e9s :**
-
perte en vies
humaines
-
handicap/mutilation
-
blessures graves
-
traumatisme
psychologique||Les risques li\u00e9s aux mines, REG et
EEI sont caus\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence de
militaires engag\u00e9s dans le conflit.
La motivation principale est de
prendre le pouvoir sur une zone
g\u00e9ographique
d\u00e9termin\u00e9e.
Ces
derniers temps, les risques EEI sont
\u00e9galement en lien avec le conflit
intercommunautaire. En effet, les
engins explosifs sont souvent
plac\u00e9s sur les routes que les
populations empruntent pour se
rendre au march\u00e9. Des engins
explosifs
transitent
dans
la
communaut\u00e9 si cette derni\u00e8re est
favorable \u00e0 tel ou tel groupe
radical. C\u2019est donc \u00e9galement des
civils qui sont une menace car ils
convoient
ces
armes
en
les
cachant.
Par
ailleurs,
l\u2019intensification des patrouilles a eu
pour cons\u00e9quence que les engins
explosifs soient plac\u00e9s sur des
routes secondaires, pour que les|Les
militaires
(FAMA,
forces
\u00e9trang\u00e8res, MINUSMA,) et les
Dosso sont les groupes les plus
vuln\u00e9rables
\u00e0
ce
risque.
Cependant, les civils qui se rendent
aux
march\u00e9s
sont
\u00e9galement
fortement \u00e0 risque car les engins
explosifs sont souvent pos\u00e9s sur
les axes routiers.

|De nombreux acteurs humanitaires
font de la sensibilisation et de
l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques li\u00e9s aux
mines, REG et EEI. La formation et
l\u2019engagement sur cette th\u00e9matique
des leaders communautaires et de
points focaux est \u00e9galement une
strat\u00e9gie
importante
dans
la
r\u00e9duction des risques li\u00e9s aux mines,
REG et EEI.
Le
marquage
des
zones
dangereuses r\u00e9duit le risque pour
les
populations
civiles
d\u2019\u00eatre
victimes de la pr\u00e9sence des mines,
REG et EEI. Enfin, la formation des
acteurs humanitaires aux risques
li\u00e9s
aux
mines,
REG
et
EEI
repr\u00e9sentent
\u00e9galement
une
capacit\u00e9 importante.
|Pour
les
EEI/REG :
Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 9)


Pour
les
ALPC :
Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|groupes arm\u00e9s n\u2019entrent pas dans
les villages. Les milices et groupes
d\u2019autod\u00e9fense ciblent ainsi leurs
ennemis.
La pr\u00e9sence de mines, REG et EEI
entra\u00eene des pertes en vie
humaines, des blessures, un
handicap physique, et des
traumatismes psychologiques
importants. Ils entrainent
\u00e9galement une limitation des
mouvements des populations et un
provoque un frein dans les activit\u00e9s
\u00e9conomiques, d\u2019\u00e9levage,
d\u2019agriculture et de commerce. Ils
contraignent \u00e9galement l\u2019acc\u00e8s des
acteurs humanitaires \u00e0 certaines
zones. Enfin ils limitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des
enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole.|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Meurtres et assassinats,**
**attaque d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e**|
253
atteintes
\u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique et/ou psychique, 72
atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la
s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne, 268
atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie
document\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de
Mopti depuis janvier 2019

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, UNHCR/AMSS

|Les
meurtres,
assassinats
et
attaques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es sont caus\u00e9s
par les groupes arm\u00e9s et les
milices, ainsi que l\u2019absence de
l\u2019Etat plus ou moins prononc\u00e9 \u00e0
certains endroits.

Il faut \u00e9galement noter que le
chaos caus\u00e9 par les assassinats
commis par les groupes arm\u00e9s et
milices, permet \u00e9galement des
meurtres/assassinats qui sont des|Les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0
ce type de risque sont : les femmes
et les enfants, les personnes
handicap\u00e9es,
les
populations
cibl\u00e9es
\u00e0
cause
de
leur
appartenance
ethnique,
les
leaders communautaires et les
personnes
\u00e9tant
consid\u00e9r\u00e9es
comme \u00ab riches \u00bb, les enseignants
et enfin, les agents des ONGs qui
sont
\u00e9galement
\u00e0
risque
d\u2019attaques \u00e0 cause des biens qu\u2019ils
transportent
(t\u00e9l\u00e9phones,|Le d\u00e9ploiement des forces arm\u00e9es
pour la s\u00e9curisation de certaines
zones
et
les
d\u00e9placements
pr\u00e9ventifs sont des ressources
permettant de faire face \u00e0 ce type
de risque.
|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|r\u00e8glements de compte non li\u00e9s au
conflit.
Les cons\u00e9quences de ce type de
violation sont multiples, et
comprennent des mouvements de
population et la perte des moyens
de subsistance entra\u00eenant la
famine.
Les menaces \u00e0 la vie ont comme
impact l\u2019effritement du tissu social
et la d\u00e9sorganisation des capacit\u00e9s
de protection communautaire.|ordinateurs, etc) et des v\u00e9hicules
dans lesquels ils se d\u00e9placent qui
sont cibl\u00e9s par les vols.|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Atteinte au droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|97 atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9
document\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de
Mopti depuis janvier 2019

Source :
Monitoring
de
protection, UNHCR/AMSS|Absence de titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 due \u00e0
l\u2019absence d\u2019administration

Vol et extorsion due au banditisme

|La population civile/communaut\u00e9
h\u00f4te sont majoritairement les plus
vuln\u00e9rables aux vols et extorsions.

Pour les femmes, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre
est souvent difficile en raison des
r\u00e8gles coutumi\u00e8res et religieuses.
Les femmes veuves suite \u00e0 la crise
sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables
aux atteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9
car les terres sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement
reprises par des membres de leur
famille. Les femmes qui font des
activit\u00e9s
rentables
li\u00e9es
aux
mara\u00eechages
sont
\u00e9galement
vuln\u00e9rables
car
les
hommes
reprennent les terres aux femmes
d\u00e8s
qu\u2019ils
s\u2019aper\u00e7oivent
que
l\u2019activit\u00e9 devient rentable.|Concernant
les
conflits
entre
agriculteurs/ \u00e9leveurs : 78% de
recours \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0
l\u2019amiable.

Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre : 27,2% des localit\u00e9s
ont des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la
terre (36,6% au niveau national)

Traditionnellement,
les
propri\u00e9taires terriens ne poss\u00e8dent
pas de document attestant de leur
possession. Suite au d\u00e9placement,
certaines terres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accapar\u00e9es
par d\u2019autres personnes en l\u2019absence
des propri\u00e9taires. Il n\u2019y en en
g\u00e9n\u00e9ral aucune difficult\u00e9 pour ces
propri\u00e9taires \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leur terre,
s\u2019ils contactent les organisations qui|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|travaillent dans ce domaine pour les
aider. Ces personnes qui occupent
provisoirement les terres des
autres, sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement elles-
m\u00eames des PDIs suite \u00e0 la crise.|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Exploitation et travail**
**forc\u00e9 des enfants**||Le travail forc\u00e9 est un m\u00e9canisme
n\u00e9gatif d\u2019adaptation des familles
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en raison du manque
d\u2019opportunit\u00e9, de la pauvret\u00e9 et de
l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire

Le travail forc\u00e9 est \u00e9galement une
\u00ab tradition \u00bb li\u00e9e \u00e0 certaines causes
structurelles
et
conjoncturelles
dont les effets n\u00e9fastes sont
exacerb\u00e9s
par
la
crise
(voir
cat\u00e9gorie
de
risque
sur
les
\u00ab enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et
s\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00bb)|Les filles et les gar\u00e7ons d\u00e9plac\u00e9s
qui cherchent des opportunit\u00e9s
\u00e9conomiques pour appuyer leur
famille sont les plus \u00e0 risques. Les
enfants
non
accompagn\u00e9s
et
s\u00e9par\u00e9s sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables car
ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de la
protection
de
leurs
parents/tuteurs
l\u00e9gaux
ou
coutumiers. Enfin, les enfants
encadr\u00e9s
par
les
ma\u00eetres
coraniques sont \u00e9galement \u00e0
risque. La fermeture des \u00e9coles
augmente la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des
enfants n\u2019allant pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 \u00eatre
davantage expos\u00e9 \u00e0 ce risque. Les
10-16 ans sont les enfants les plus
\u00e0 risque.|Des organisations effectuent de la
sensibilisation et des formations sur
cette th\u00e9matique.

L\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal pour travailler est fix\u00e9 \u00e0
15 ans.|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|**Mariage pr\u00e9coce**|21% des 135 cas au One Stop
Center sont des filles

Source: DRPFEF, GBVIMS

14,3 % des adolescentes de 15-19
ans \u00e9taient mari\u00e9es ou en unions
avant d\u2019atteindre 15 ans (au
niveau national)
|Les causes des mariages pr\u00e9coces
sont, entre autres le recours \u00e0 ce
mariage comme strat\u00e9gie de survie
suite \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, la d\u00e9perdition
des m\u0153urs, les conflits, le manque
de d\u00e9cision politique et une loi sur
les VBG non disponible.

Les parents et la communaut\u00e9 sont
\u00e9galement la cause de ces mariage,|Les cat\u00e9gories les plus vuln\u00e9rables
sont les filles des ethnies Peulh,
Dogon, Bozo, Sonhra\u00ef, Soninke et
Diawand\u00e9,
leur
\u00e2ge
varie
relativement entre 12 \u00e0 15 ans.|Mise \u00e0 disposition des \u00e9vidences
Loi anti VBG disponible mais non
valid\u00e9 par les d\u00e9putes
|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Source : Enqu\u00eate d\u00e9mographique
et de sant\u00e9 2018, INSTAT|suite \u00e0 une influence des croyances
religieuses, de la coutume et aux
pressions sociales qui poussent \u00e0
marier les filles pr\u00e9cocement.
Les cons\u00e9quences de ce risque sont
multiples, telles que la naissance
de pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s, l\u2019augmentation de
la mortalit\u00e9 maternelle et
n\u00e9onatale, les fistules
obst\u00e9tricales, le rejet par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9,
la contamination par des IST/VIH
ainsi que les troubles
psychologiques.|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Excision**||Cette pratique est caus\u00e9e par
plusieurs facteurs dont la mauvaise
interpr\u00e9tation de la religion, les
pesanteurs socioculturelles, les
pressions de la communaut\u00e9.

Les cons\u00e9quences sont graves et
incluent les h\u00e9morragies, la mort,
le rejet social, la frigidit\u00e9, la
dyspareunie.|Les cat\u00e9gories les plus touch\u00e9es
sont les filles et les femmes de 0 \u00e0
7 ans.

Les parents, les grands parents, les
leaders
religieux
sont
g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement
les
personnes
impliqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019excision des
filles/femmes

Les ethnies qui pratique le plus
sont les Bamabra, Dogon, Peulh,
Bozo, Sarakol\u00e9, Kassonk\u00e9|- R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et prise en charge
des cas (one stop center)
-
Sensibilisations
sur
cette
th\u00e9matique
- Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des
acteurs-cl\u00e9
- Mise en place des comit\u00e9s d\u2019alerte
|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|**Obstacles d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la**
**justice pour les victimes**
**de violations graves des**
**droits de l\u2019homme**||Il existe plusieurs obstacles \u00e0
l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice : un manque
d\u2019information et de sensibilisation
sur l\u2019importance d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la
justice pour les victimes ; la
disponibilit\u00e9 et la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s|Les
populations
victimes
de
violations de droits de l\u2019homme.|La gestion \u00e0 l\u2019amiable de certains
conflits|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|aux services en dehors de S\u00e9var\u00e9
(longueur des trajets, ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur
la route, la pauvret\u00e9) ; le manque
de confiance en la justice suite \u00e0
une culture d\u2019impunit\u00e9 et peur de
repr\u00e9sailles en raison du manque
de protection des victimes et des
t\u00e9moins. Enfin, la gestion \u00e0
l\u2019amiable des conflits peut \u00eatre vue
aussi bien comme un risque
suppl\u00e9mentaire d\u2019une justice
bafou\u00e9e que comme une capacit\u00e9.|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Absence de**
**documentation d\u2019\u00e9tat civil**||Absence des services \u00e9tatiques
dont la couverture ne va pas
jusqu\u2019au niveau du village freine
l\u2019obtention de documents d\u2019Etat-
civil
car
les
personnes
ne
veulent/ne peuvent pas toujours
de d\u00e9placer pour aller l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ces
services se trouvent \u00e0 cause du
co\u00fbt
du
d\u00e9placement,
de
l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur les routes, etc.
Lorsque les audiences foraines sont
organis\u00e9es,
beaucoup
de
personnes
font
\u00e9tablir
leurs
documents, mais ne viennent pas
les chercher par apr\u00e8s. En effet, en
venant chercher leurs papiers,
certains se voient confront\u00e9s \u00e0
devoir d\u2019abord payer le minimum
fiscal, qui est un imp\u00f4t par
personne composant le m\u00e9nage,
d\u2019environ 3000 FCFA/an. Certaines|Les enfants non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s \u00e0 la
naissance

Les orphelins du conflit car ce sont
souvent les parents qui gardent les
documents

Les
enfants
non
accompagn\u00e9s/s\u00e9par\u00e9s

Les enfants de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de retour||Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Mopti**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/612d1fdf-fa43-4d80-9c2c-76ea55e36c43/annexe_2b_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_mopti_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_774/raw/doc_774_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_774/raw/doc_774_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 177a5b2fd49875f528c1b216a2ffbf8863bdb9e4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_774/raw/doc_774_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Pays, r\u00e9gions et cercles|Mali, Tombouctou|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Situation humanitaire**
|La**r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**conna\u00eet une situation humanitaire marqu\u00e9e essentiellement par des mouvements de populations, les cons\u00e9quences des
inondations, et la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et les gr\u00e8ves des enseignants. Les conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion voisine
de Mopti continuent d\u2019impacter la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec des vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations, qui fuient les violences. des chocs suivants:
s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 16% de la population (soit 147 711 personnes). 111 045
enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 38% de la population (soit 342 391 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable
et 11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 100% des CSRef sont fonctionnels et 37% des CSCom
sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et un besoin de s\u00e9curisation des axes routiers afin de
faciliter la libre circulation des personnes et de leurs biens et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement Tombouctou-Bambara Maoud\u00e9 ;
Tombouctou-Goundam-Tonka-Niafunk\u00e9 ; Tombouctou-Rharous-Gossi ; L\u00e9r\u00e9-Niafunk\u00e9; (ii) une augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de
financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou, mars 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**conna\u00eet une situation humanitaire marqu\u00e9e essentiellement par des mouvements de populations, les cons\u00e9quences des
inondations, et la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et les gr\u00e8ves des enseignants. Les conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion voisine
de Mopti continuent d\u2019impacter la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec des vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations, qui fuient les violences. des chocs suivants:
s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 16% de la population (soit 147 711 personnes). 111 045
enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 38% de la population (soit 342 391 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable
et 11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 100% des CSRef sont fonctionnels et 37% des CSCom
sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et un besoin de s\u00e9curisation des axes routiers afin de
faciliter la libre circulation des personnes et de leurs biens et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement Tombouctou-Bambara Maoud\u00e9 ;
Tombouctou-Goundam-Tonka-Niafunk\u00e9 ; Tombouctou-Rharous-Gossi ; L\u00e9r\u00e9-Niafunk\u00e9; (ii) une augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de
financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou, mars 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**conna\u00eet une situation humanitaire marqu\u00e9e essentiellement par des mouvements de populations, les cons\u00e9quences des
inondations, et la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et les gr\u00e8ves des enseignants. Les conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion voisine
de Mopti continuent d\u2019impacter la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec des vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations, qui fuient les violences. des chocs suivants:
s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 16% de la population (soit 147 711 personnes). 111 045
enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 38% de la population (soit 342 391 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable
et 11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 100% des CSRef sont fonctionnels et 37% des CSCom
sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et un besoin de s\u00e9curisation des axes routiers afin de
faciliter la libre circulation des personnes et de leurs biens et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement Tombouctou-Bambara Maoud\u00e9 ;
Tombouctou-Goundam-Tonka-Niafunk\u00e9 ; Tombouctou-Rharous-Gossi ; L\u00e9r\u00e9-Niafunk\u00e9; (ii) une augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de
financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou, mars 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**conna\u00eet une situation humanitaire marqu\u00e9e essentiellement par des mouvements de populations, les cons\u00e9quences des
inondations, et la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et les gr\u00e8ves des enseignants. Les conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion voisine
de Mopti continuent d\u2019impacter la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec des vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations, qui fuient les violences. des chocs suivants:
s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 16% de la population (soit 147 711 personnes). 111 045
enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 38% de la population (soit 342 391 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable
et 11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 100% des CSRef sont fonctionnels et 37% des CSCom
sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et un besoin de s\u00e9curisation des axes routiers afin de
faciliter la libre circulation des personnes et de leurs biens et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement Tombouctou-Bambara Maoud\u00e9 ;
Tombouctou-Goundam-Tonka-Niafunk\u00e9 ; Tombouctou-Rharous-Gossi ; L\u00e9r\u00e9-Niafunk\u00e9; (ii) une augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de
financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou, mars 2019).|La**r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**conna\u00eet une situation humanitaire marqu\u00e9e essentiellement par des mouvements de populations, les cons\u00e9quences des
inondations, et la fermeture des \u00e9coles \u00e0 cause du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et les gr\u00e8ves des enseignants. Les conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion voisine
de Mopti continuent d\u2019impacter la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec des vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations, qui fuient les violences. des chocs suivants:
s\u00e9cheresse, inondations, conflits intercommunautaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire touche 16% de la population (soit 147 711 personnes). 111 045
enfants de moins de cinq ans et FEFA sont \u00e0 risque de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale. 38% de la population (soit 342 391 personnes) n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable
et 11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6 000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. 100% des CSRef sont fonctionnels et 37% des CSCom
sont non fonctionnels. Les principaux d\u00e9fis humanitaires de la r\u00e9gion sont : (i) des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s et un besoin de s\u00e9curisation des axes routiers afin de
faciliter la libre circulation des personnes et de leurs biens et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement Tombouctou-Bambara Maoud\u00e9 ;
Tombouctou-Goundam-Tonka-Niafunk\u00e9 ; Tombouctou-Rharous-Gossi ; L\u00e9r\u00e9-Niafunk\u00e9; (ii) une augmentation des besoins humanitaires et un faible niveau de
financement pour des r\u00e9ponses durables aux crises (Source :Profil humanitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou, mars 2019).|\n|**Risques de Protection**|**Donn\u00e9es existantes**|**Menaces**|**Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s**|**Capacit\u00e9s**|**Evaluation**
**du risque**|\n|
**Violences psychologique et**
**\u00e9motionnelle**



||La situation de crise aggrave les
cas de violence psychologique et
\u00e9motionnelle.
L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
grandissante avec des tirs \u00e0
l\u2019arme l\u00e9g\u00e8re ou les fortes
d\u00e9tonations cr\u00e9ent la psychose
chez les enfants et les femmes.

Le stress, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la
pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 de condition de vie les
rendent certains hommes plus
violents. Cela expose les femmes
et les filles \u00e0 la violence
domestique.

Le manque d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 et la
d\u00e9pendance repr\u00e9sentent des
facteurs
aggravants.
La|Les plus vuln\u00e9rables sont les
femmes mari\u00e9es.|La disponibilit\u00e9 des services et
d\u2019acteurs form\u00e9s sur la prise en
charge ainsi que l\u2019existence de
structures communautaires et
m\u00e9dicales permettent la prise en
charge des victimes de violence.

Il convient de noter \u00e9galement
une forte capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience
et un esprit de solidarit\u00e9 au sein
des communaut\u00e9s.|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score :
9)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|polygamie et la culture de non
d\u00e9nonciation contribuent
\u00e9galement au probl\u00e8me.|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Extorsion / braquage (atteinte au**
**droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9)**|196 cas d\u2019atteinte au droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
document\u00e9s
et
enregistr\u00e9s
dont
des
cas
d\u2019extorsion et de vol (depuis
janvier 2019)


Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS|Les extorsions de biens et le
paiement de taxes ill\u00e9gales au
niveau des postes de police sont
des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes courants. La
pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s et du
banditisme sont les principales
menaces.
L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9
grandissante, la prolif\u00e9ration des
armes et la pauvret\u00e9 exacerbent
les risques d\u2019extorsion et de
braquage. Ce type de risque
entra\u00eene
une
limitation
des
mouvements de population.|Les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables
au cas d\u2019extorsion et de braquage
sont les usagers des axes routiers
(hommes, femmes, enfants) ; les
commer\u00e7ants, les d\u00e9tenteurs de
b\u00e9tail
et
op\u00e9rateurs
\u00e9conomiques en raison de leur
possession de biens mat\u00e9riels.|Un
des
m\u00e9canismes
de
protection mis en place par les
communaut\u00e9s est la r\u00e9duction
des mouvements et la r\u00e9duction
de leurs ressources pendant les
voyages, surtout en quittant
Tombouctou pour Goundam ou
Tombouctou pour Mopti. L\u2019autre
approche
utilis\u00e9e
par
les
communaut\u00e9s est la voie fluviale
beaucoup sure que la route.
|
Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 6)|\n|**Mariage pr\u00e9coce**|5 filles de 14 \u00e0 17 ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9
touch\u00e9es par le mariage pr\u00e9coce
\u00e0 Tombouctou depuis janvier
2019

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS

14,3 % des adolescentes de 15-
19 ans \u00e9taient mari\u00e9es ou en
unions avant d\u2019atteindre 15 ans
(au niveau national)

46 % des adolescentes (15-19
ans) ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 leur vie
f\u00e9conde dans la r\u00e9gion de
Tombouctou|Le mariage des petites filles est
une
pratique
culturelle
et
religieuse courante. Elle peut
\u00e9galement \u00eatre motiv\u00e9e par des
raisons
\u00e9conomiques.
Les
menaces principales sont la
communaut\u00e9 et les parents ainsi
que la non-application des textes
de
loi
et
conventions
internationales en la mati\u00e8re. Les
cons\u00e9quences
du
mariage
pr\u00e9coce sont de la violence
physique et psychologique, et
une d\u00e9scolarisation anticip\u00e9e,
entra\u00eenant
des
risques
d\u2019analphab\u00e9tisme important.|Les filles de 12 \u00e0 15 ans sont les
plus vuln\u00e9rables au mariage
pr\u00e9coce.
Les
facteurs
de
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sont : la culture, les
minorit\u00e9s (la tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge des
filles concern\u00e9es), et l\u2019ignorance
du droit applicable en la mati\u00e8re.

La
proportion
d\u2019adolescentes
ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 leur vie
f\u00e9conde diminue de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s
importante avec l\u2019augmentation
du niveau d\u2019instruction.
|En terme de r\u00e9ponses et services
le DRPFEF et certaines ONGs
assurent la m\u00e9diation familiale
en
cas
mariage
pr\u00e9coce,
fournissent
une
assistance
psychosociale et m\u00e9dicale mais
aussi la prise en charge des
complications telles la fistule
obst\u00e9tricales entrain\u00e9es par le
mariage pr\u00e9coce des enfants.


|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Source : Enqu\u00eate
d\u00e9mographique et de sant\u00e9
2018, INSTAT|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Viol**|||Les femmes et les filles sont
expos\u00e9es au viol sur les axes
routiers et quand elles partent \u00e0
la recherche du bois de chauffe
ou
la
cueillette
des
fruits
sauvages dans la brousse.|Le pr\u00e9-positionnement de kits
viol dans les centres de sant\u00e9 et
la
pr\u00e9sence
de
prestataires
form\u00e9s sur la gestion clinique du
viol repr\u00e9sentent une capacit\u00e9
importante face \u00e0 ce type de
risque.|Risque tr\u00e8s
probable
avec impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 6)
|\n|**Conflits fonciers**
|4 conflits fonciers ont \u00e9t\u00e9
identifi\u00e9s dans les localit\u00e9s de :
Diank\u00e9,
Dir\u00e9,
Katouwa
et
Hamzakoma
(depuis
janvier
2019).

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS|Les
conflits
fonciers
entre
individus,
familles
ou
communaut\u00e9s
prennent
leur
source dans l\u2019absence ou la perte
des documents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9
et
\u00e0
la
possession
de
terres/biens.
L\u2019absence
de
moyens
financiers
pour
se
procurer des documents est
\u00e9galement un des obstacles
principaux.
Les
traditions,
notamment autour de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage,
et l\u2019ignorance des droits en
mati\u00e8re de foncier amplifient le
probl\u00e8me. Enfin, l\u2019absence des
autorit\u00e9s
administratives
en
raison du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et
la destruction des archives suite
au conflit et/ou la non existence
des archives informatis\u00e9es sont
des \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 prendre en|Les
personnes
les
plus
vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 ce type de risque
sont les veuves et les orphelins,
les habitants des zones rurales,
les PDIs et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.
|Les cadis, qui sont des personnes
influentes et qui maitrisent la
justice
religieuse

ou
traditionnelle en se basant sur les
textes
sacr\u00e9s
et
sur
la
jurisprudence
religieuse
pour
trancher les conflits sont des
personnes
ressources
et
repr\u00e9sente un m\u00e9canisme de
gestion des conflit efficace.

|Risque
probable
avec
un
impact
s\u00e9v\u00e8re
(score : 6)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|compte dans la compr\u00e9hension
des enjeux fonciers.|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de population**|Tombouctou:
\u2022
28,271 PDIs (X% H, X%
F) dont X% sur les sites
spontan\u00e9 et X% dans la
communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te.
\u2022
28,9308 PDIs retourn\u00e9s
(X% H et X% F).
\u2022
34,455
rapatri\u00e9s
de
l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, Burkina Faso,
Mauritanie,
Niger,
Nig\u00e9ria, Tunisie.

Source:
Rapport
DTM/CMP,
aout 2019|Les
d\u00e9placements
sont
cons\u00e9cutifs aux probl\u00e8mes de
s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au centre, aux conflits
intercommunautaires
et
aux
op\u00e9rations militaires dans le
cadre de la lutte contre le
terrorisme.

Ces
d\u00e9placements
ont
des
cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes sur la
population,
notamment
la
s\u00e9paration
des
familles,
l\u2019accroissement
des
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s
\u00e9conomique
et
sociale, et l\u2019effritement de la
coh\u00e9sion sociale.|Les individus ou groupes cibl\u00e9s
lors
des
conflits
intercommunautaires
sont
surtout les femmes et les enfants.

D\u2019autres
facteurs
de
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9,
comme
les
catastrophes
naturelles
ou
l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux services sociaux
de base alimentent \u00e9galement le
d\u00e9placement de population.
|Les capacit\u00e9s de la population
affect\u00e9e pour faire face \u00e0 la
menace sont surtout la pr\u00e9sence
des comit\u00e9s de protection dans
certaines communes qui alertent
et font des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements des
cas de protection. Pour ce qui est
du psycho-social, les leaders
religieux ont un grand apport car
ils apportent un soutien aux
populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.

|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(Score : 4)

|\n|**Exploitation et travail forc\u00e9 des**
**enfants**|35 violations graves contre les
droits de l\u2019enfants document\u00e9s
dans la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou

Source: UNICEF/MRM|Le travail forc\u00e9 est un m\u00e9canisme
n\u00e9gatif d\u2019adaptation des familles
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es
en
raison
de
la
pauvret\u00e9.
L\u2019exploitation
des
enfants
est
exacerb\u00e9e
par
l\u2019ignorance des parents de la
Convention sur les droits de
l\u2019enfant.|Les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables
sont les gar\u00e7ons et filles, les
enfants
talib\u00e9s,
les
enfants
s\u00e9par\u00e9s et les enfants non-
accompagn\u00e9s.
L\u2019\u00e2ge
de
vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 est de 8 \u00e0 17 ans.|Il existe quelques comit\u00e9s de
protection des enfants dans
certaines
localit\u00e9s
dont
Tombouctou, Gossi, Goundam et
Gargando.|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|
**Attaque, occupation des \u00e9coles**

|11% des 667 \u00e9coles sont non-
fonctionnelles, privant pr\u00e8s de 6
000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de leur droit \u00e0
l\u2019\u00e9ducation
|Les attaques et l\u2019occupation des
\u00e9coles sont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les
groupes arm\u00e9s.

Les
cons\u00e9quences
sont
particuli\u00e8rement
n\u00e9fastes
et|Les gar\u00e7ons et les filles de 7 \u00e0 17
ans sont les plus touch\u00e9s par les
attaques/occupation d\u2019\u00e9cole. Ce
type de risque touche toutes les
communaut\u00e9s y compris les
d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et les refugi\u00e9s.|Le Syst\u00e8me de Scolarisation
Acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e
encore
appel\u00e9
\u00ab
Passerelle \u00bb (SSAP) permettant
aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves en retard sur le
programme scolaire de rattraper
les cours manqu\u00e9s sont une des|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|2 cas d\u2019attaque contre des \u00e9coles
document\u00e9s, dont 1 \u00e0 Niafunk\u00e9
et 1 \u00e0 Infazouane \u00e0 9km de
Tombouctou
Source : monitoring de
protection, HCR/AMSS|entra\u00eenent des d\u00e9placements de
populations et la d\u00e9scolarisation
des enfants.|Col4|ressources face \u00e0 ce type de
risque. Les espaces amis
d\u2019enfants (EAE) sont \u00e9galement
une structure importante pour
faire face aux risques de
d\u00e9scolarisation.|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|



**Enl\u00e8vement de personnes**


|13
cas
d\u2019enl\u00e8vement
de
personnes document\u00e9s
et
enregistr\u00e9s (depuis janvier 2019)

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS


|Les enl\u00e8vements de personnes
sont caus\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence de
groupes arm\u00e9s et le banditisme.
L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante est un
facteur
aggravant.
Les
enl\u00e8vements sont souvent li\u00e9s \u00e0
des r\u00e8glements de compte. Ce
type de risque entra\u00eene la
r\u00e9clamation de ran\u00e7ons, et une
limitation des mouvements de
population. Dans certains cas, les
enl\u00e8vements de personnes ont
pour cons\u00e9quence les meurtres.|Les
personnes
les
plus
vuln\u00e9rables
sont
les
commer\u00e7ants,
les
op\u00e9rateurs
\u00e9conomiques, et les leaders
communautaires, ainsi que les
personnes fortun\u00e9es.|L\u2019\u00e9ducation, la sensibilisation et
la fourniture d\u2019information sur
les risques et les comportements
\u00e0 adopter face \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour
permettent
d\u2019augmenter
les
capacit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0
faire face \u00e0 ce type de risques.
|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|**Meurtres/assassinats (atteinte au**
**droit \u00e0 la vie)**|13 atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie
document\u00e9s et enregistr\u00e9s dans
la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou (depuis
janvier 2019)

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS
|La
criminalit\u00e9
extr\u00eame
est
fr\u00e9quente.
Elle
est
due
principalement \u00e0 des r\u00e8glements
de compte qui r\u00e9sulte en des
atteintes \u00e0 la vie humaine. La
menace principale vient des
groupes
arm\u00e9s
et
de
la
prolif\u00e9ration des armes dans la
r\u00e9gion.|La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 concerne surtout
les personnes engag\u00e9es dans la
dynamique de leadership. D\u2019o\u00f9
les
assassinats
et
meurtres
ciblant
certains
leaders
communautaires.|La capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience de la
population face \u00e0 cette situation
de criminalit\u00e9 est d\u2019\u00e9viter tout
amalgame en pr\u00eachant la paix et
l\u2019int\u00e9gration. C\u2019est ainsi que les
auteurs de ces crimes pourront
\u00eatre isol\u00e9s et identifi\u00e9s. Une autre
capacit\u00e9 de la population r\u00e9side
dans
l\u2019approche
de
sensibilisation.|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|**Coups et blessures (atteinte au**
**droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique)**|27
cas
de
coups
et
blessures
document\u00e9s
et
enregistr\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de|Les op\u00e9rations de braquage
aboutissent souvent \u00e0 des coups
et blessures contre les victimes|Les
personnes
les
plus
vuln\u00e9rables
sont
le
plus
g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement celles qui refusent|La capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience de la
population
r\u00e9side
dans
une
pratique endog\u00e8ne consistant \u00e0|Risque
probable
avec impact|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Tombouctou (depuis janvier
2019)
Source : Monitoring de
protection, HCR/AMSS|t\u00e9m\u00e9raires qui n\u2019obtemp\u00e8rent
pas face aux bandits arm\u00e9s. Il
existe \u00e9galement des cas de
coups et blessures administr\u00e9s
par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux dans
certaines localit\u00e9s.|d\u2019obtemp\u00e9rer. La cause de
beaucoup d\u2019incident de coups et
blessures au cours d\u2019un
braquage, est le fait de ne pas
ob\u00e9ir face aux bandits arm\u00e9s.|la prudence et le sang froid face \u00e0
un ennemi arm\u00e9. La
communaut\u00e9 m\u00e8ne \u00e9galement
des sensibilisations et des
plaidoyers aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s
pour la s\u00e9curisation des
personnes ainsi que la
sauvegarde du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique.|majeur
(score : 4)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Manque de documentation civile**

||Le manque de documentation
civile est principalement d\u00fb \u00e0
l\u2019absence et/ou la perte des
documents
caus\u00e9e
par
le
d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.

Les parents repr\u00e9sentent la
menace
principale
puisqu\u2019en
g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ils n\u2019enregistrent pas
leurs enfants \u00e0 la naissance.

Les autres facteurs sont l\u2019absence
des moyens financiers et les
co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s ; la lourdeur des
proc\u00e9dures pour se procurer des
documents).|Les
personnes
les
plus
vuln\u00e9rables sont les enfants, les
femmes,
et
les
personnes
indigentes qui n\u2019ont pas souvent
les moyens financiers de se faires
les documents civils.

|Environ
60%
des
autorit\u00e9s
administratives sont disponibles
dans la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou et
Taoud\u00e9ni.

Plusieurs
organisations
travaillent ((NRC ICLA, ARDIL,
UNICEF, Plan) sur ce sujet en
termes
d\u2019identification,
de
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement

et
l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de jugements
suppl\u00e9tifs d\u2019actes de naissance
aux enfants. A cela s\u2019ajoutent les
sensibilisations sur l\u2019importance
de la documentation civile que
AMSS et d\u2019autres organisations
font quotidiennement. M\u00eame si
l\u2019Etat a des initiatives dans ce
sens, elles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement
r\u00e9alis\u00e9es tardivement.|Risque
probable
avec impact
majeur
(score : 4)|\n|**Manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour**
**les victimes de violations de droit**||Le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice
pour les victimes de violations de
droit est principalement du \u00e0
l\u2019insuffisance
des
capacit\u00e9s|Les femmes et enfants, les
victimes des violations graves
sont les plus touch\u00e9s par ce type
de risque.|La disponibilit\u00e9 des acteurs de la
chaine p\u00e9nale dans la r\u00e9gion
(pr\u00e9sence dans 3 cercles sur 5), la
r\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures|Risque
probable
avec impact|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|mat\u00e9rielles et humaines, les
questions s\u00e9curitaires, et le
manque de volont\u00e9 politique.
La culture du silence pour les cas
de viol et l\u2019insuffisance de
sensibilisation sur l\u2019importance
de porter plainte sont \u00e9galement
des facteurs aggravants.
Les cons\u00e9quences de ce risque
sont un d\u00e9faut d\u2019assistance
judiciaire, un manque de
confiance des populations dans la
justice et un niveau d\u2019impunit\u00e9
significatif.|Col4|avec appui MINUSMA (JCS),
PNUD.
L\u2019instauration du cadre de
concertation des acteurs de la
chaine p\u00e9nale dans la r\u00e9gion de
Tombouctou et les formations
des acteurs permettent le
renforcement du syst\u00e8me
judiciaire local.|majeur
(score : 4)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Intimidations (Menaces)**|6
cas
d\u2019intimidation
meurtre
document\u00e9s
et
enregistr\u00e9s (depuis janvier 2019)

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS
|Les cas d\u2019intimidation sont aussi
fr\u00e9quents. Ils sont soit prof\u00e9r\u00e9s
par les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux, soit
par les bandits arm\u00e9s.|La
population
des
localit\u00e9s
constituant la base arri\u00e8re des
pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux est la plus
vuln\u00e9rable (particuli\u00e8rement les
femmes et les filles).|La
communaut\u00e9
m\u00e8ne
des
sensibilisations et des plaidoyers
aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le
respect de la libert\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9
des personnes.|Risque
probable
avec impact
mod\u00e9r\u00e9
(score : 2)|\n|**Atteinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la**
**s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne (prise**
**d\u2019otage)**|19 atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la
s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne, dont 3
cas
de
prise
d\u2019otage,
document\u00e9s
et
enregistr\u00e9s
(depuis janvier 2019)

Source:
Monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS
|La prise d\u2019otage est un fait rare
dans la r\u00e9gion, mais ce risque
existe par endroit. Elle est
exerc\u00e9e le plus souvent par les
pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s radicaux.|Elle cible g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des hauts
repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019Etat, ou un
groupe de personnes pour un but
bien d\u00e9termin\u00e9.|La
communaut\u00e9
m\u00e8ne
des
sensibilisations et des plaidoyers
aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le
respect de la libert\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9
des personnes.|Risque
possible
avec impact
majeur
(score : 2)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Matrice d\u2019analyse des risques de protection \u2013 R\u00e9gion de Tombouctou**\nSeptembre 2019 _(Ce document a vocation \u00e0 \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement par le Cluster Protection r\u00e9gional)_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Incendie volontaire|5 cas d\u2019incendie volontaire
document\u00e9s et enregistr\u00e9s
(depuis janvier 2019)
Source : Monitoring de
protection, HCR/AMSS|Les incendies volontaires sont
fr\u00e9quents dans la r\u00e9gion. Ils sont
exerc\u00e9s sur les biens mat\u00e9riels
des particuliers et des
organisations non
gouvernementales.|Ce sont les organisations non
gouvermentales et certains
particuliers qui sont les plus
touch\u00e9s par ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. La
MINUSMA par exemple a \u00e9t\u00e9
plusieurs fois touch\u00e9e.|La communaut\u00e9 m\u00e8ne des
sensibilisations et des plaidoyers
aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le
respect de la libert\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9
des personnes.|Risque
probable
avec impact
mod\u00e9r\u00e9
(score 2)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Le d\u00e9ni de ressources**
|3 cas de d\u00e9nis de ressource et
d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 (depuis
janvier
2019)

Source:
monitoring
de
protection, HCR/AMSS|Surtout dans certains cas les
groupes extr\u00e9mistes qui refusent
certaines activit\u00e9s aux femmes.

Le manque d\u2019information sur les
droits humains, l\u2018enclavement, le
manque d\u2019\u00e9cole et de centre de
formation
professionnelle
et
l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont \u00e9galement des
facteurs aggravants parce que les
femmes
sont
en
majorit\u00e9
analphab\u00e8tes. La plupart d\u2019entre
elles n\u2019ont jamais re\u00e7u de
formation professionnelle ne leur
permettant
d\u2019assurer
leur
autonomie.|Les femmes en milieu rural dans
les cercles de Niafounk\u00e9, Gourma
Rharous sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables
\u00e0 ce type de risque.

Les femmes et les filles restent
sous l\u2019emprise du mari et du p\u00e8re
qui d\u00e9cident de la continuit\u00e9 de
l\u2019\u00e9cole. Le poids de la religion et
des
us
et
coutumes
sont
\u00e9galement
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|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/debbd9e1-e0a6-4986-9e20-cc5db1e3ff56/annexe_2c_-_matrice_danalyse_des_risques_de_protection_-_tombouctou_-_version_finale.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_775/raw/doc_775_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_775/raw/doc_775_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1167754afc0900aa96b8bef39f2e38cb8e9033c6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_775/raw/doc_775_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# - Guidance note ## _Informing Afghanistan Protection Cluster strategic priorities for 2017-2018_ **INTRODUCTION**\n\nA round of consultations with key stakeholders related to the efficiency of the Afghanistan Protection\nCluster (APC) highlighted the need to review and rethink strategic priorities and coordination\nmechanisms to enhance protection outcomes for populations affected by the conflict. Main findings\nindicate that there is a lack of conflict analysis, lack of prioritization of protection concerns, limited\nfocus on protection of civilian in conflict areas, poor quality of the protection response plan and weak\ninformation management. The paper outlines key elements and findings to be considered or\nincorporated when developing the 2017-2018 APC Strategy, while taking into account responsibilities,\nchallenges, limitations and opportunities.\n\n\n**The APC guidance note will serve as a basis to organize a strategic APC workshop with key APC**\n\n\n**members that will to discuss, define and agree the following elements:**\n\n\n - **Information management** : Agree figures and data set to be regularly updated by APC\nmembers, especially AoRs (monitoring framework provided by HNO/HRP)\n\n - **Protection analysis** : identify key protection risks to be tackled by APC members and gap\nanalysis (to inform HNO/HRP)\n\n - **Protection approach** : identify the most relevant approach to tackle identified protection risks\n(prevention, mitigation and response) through addressing threats, vulnerabilities, and\ncapacities using the protection risk equation.\n\n - **Key geographical areas to focus on** : Defined by the HAG analysis and need assessments\nconsidering the nexus with development actors\n\n - **Theory of change** : define protection narrative using the HCT protection strategy template and\ndescribe key expected protection outcomes\n## **SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS AT A GLANCE**\n\n\nDespite considerable support from the international community over the past 15 years, the security\nenvironment has continued to deteriorate. This has led to widespread poverty, shrinking humanitarian\nspace, increased violence against civilians and vulnerabilities of population affected by displacement,\nlimited prospect for stabilization, peace, durable solutions and development. Global and regional\npolitical developments have also resulted in shrinking protection space for Afghan refugees in Europe,\nPakistan and Iran. The complexity of emergency humanitarian needs versus chronic poverty in host\ncommunities has evoked a shift to a needs versus status based approach to assistance. Limited funding\nhas also highlighted the requirement to develop thresholds to prioritize assistance. Humanitarian\naccess is a key protection concern, especially for IDPs in rural and remote areas where humanitarian\nactors have limited coverage due to internal security policies and on-going conflict.\n\n\nThis is underscored by the findings from 2016, which indicate that 33 out of 34 provinces experienced\nconflict between non-state armed groups and government forces throughout the year while districts\nin over half the country reported conflict induced displacement. Approximately 20% of IDPs were\ndisplaced to hard-to-reach areas. As a result of ongoing conflict with AGEs and Governmental forces\nin a large part of Afghanistan, the following patterns of displacement have been identified:\n\n\nPage **1** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AoRs", - "confidence": 0.8505167961120605, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HNO/HRP", - "confidence": 0.873744547367096, - "start": 200, - "end": 203 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "APC\nmembers", - "confidence": 0.6957541704177856, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "findings", - "confidence": 0.790575385093689, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8451999425888062, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9961459636688232, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.981198251247406, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Significant number of new IDPs (141,775 as of June 2017) due to the recurrent military clashes,\ndecrease of 25% compared to 2016;\n\n - Increase number of refugee returnees as of June 2017 compared to the previous year due to\nshrinking protection space in Pakistan and Iran;\n\n - Increased trends in short term displacement due to the lack of humanitarian access, with\npeople often returning to their place of origin after the engagement has finished (ex. Situation\nin Kunduz in 2016: 118,166 people were displaced from Kunduz in September-October, and\n69,916 Kunduz IDPs that were displaced within the Northern and North-Eastern provinces\nreturned to their places of origin within several weeks \u2013 a month period);\n\n - Pattern of secondary and multiple displacement in rural and urban centers (according to the\nREACH study on prolonged displacement, some 23% IDPs were displaced twice or more [1] );\n\n - Pattern of return in unsafe areas due to limited livelihood opportunities in urban centers and\nthe need to tend to crops [2] ;\n\n - Pattern of local integration in urban center of protracted IDPs due to lack of security in area\nof origin;\n\n\nRecurrent shocks and stressors have been putting an incredible pressure on capacities of the Afghan\npopulation to cope with the substantial movement of IDPs and returnees hence dramatically\nincreasing community tensions, negative coping mechanisms, violations of human rights, and overall\nvulnerabilities [3] . Children are particularly at risk, with incidences of child labor, child marriage and\nchildren out of school being higher within IDP/returnee groups than the quiescent population [4] . The\nfocus of emergency humanitarian assistance on those displaced within the last six months and limited\nassistance for returnees past immediate survival have also contributed to a gap in reintegration and\nearly recovery, with affected populations often returning to worse conditions.\n\n\nMany contested areas are rural and remote, however assistance is focussed on urban and peri-urban.\nPattern of displacements towards urban centers has increased the risk to civilians due to non-respect\nof IHL and IHRL, indiscriminate targeting and use of civilian assets in the conduct of military operations.\nIt has also strongly diminished the capacities for stabilization and development of the country with\nregard to the gradual loss of control of large parts of the territory by the GoIRA.\n\n\nLack of livelihood opportunities in areas of displacement combined with wide spread insecurity, lack\nof freedom of movement, and limited humanitarian access to AGEs controlled areas is generating an\nalarming humanitarian and protection crisis that requires immediate attention and a new strategic\napproach by the APC.\n## **PATTERNS OF ABUSE**\n\n\nAnalysis of protection risks needs to be improved to better prioritize and mitigate risks in 2017-2018.\nThe APC will dedicate further time and resources to producing a comprehensive protection risk\nanalysis. Information available suggest the following patterns of abuse:\n\n\n1 REACH PIDP study, p. 17\n\n\n2 IDMC. Afghanistan: New and long-term IDP risk becoming neglected as conflict intensifies.\n\n\n3 The findings of the Protection community assessment in the East indicate that additional influx of people into communities, that already\nhave limited service providers\u2019 capacities, overstretches the resources, like water, health and education, leading to the overcrowded\nschools, hospitals facing challenges with the number of people and water sources being not sufficient to meet the needs of the local and\ndisplaced population.\n\n\n4 Source: UNICEF Sit reps\n\n\nPage **2** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Protection of civilians related to IHL/IHRL violations**\n\n\nCivilians bear the brunt of the conflict, as they are caught in the crossfire, victimized by indiscriminate\nattacks or deliberately targeted. Alongside more traditional guerrilla warfare tactics, a visible intent\nby Taliban to shift tactics towards large-scale attacks, particularly on urban areas, poses grave risks for\ncivilian protection and results in substantial levels of forced population movements.\n\n\nFamilies often leave villages abruptly and with little prior warning, in response to rapidly encroaching\nclashes or military operations. IDPs often flee only with what they can carry, surrendering key assets\nin exchange for relocation to safer areas. Displaced populations in Afghanistan often benefit from the\nsupport of host communities, largely relying on tribal affiliations or the support of established kinship\nnetworks. Spontaneous camps and settlements are therefore the exception rather than the rule.\nHowever, widespread poverty among host communities and the rapid depletion of existing resources\ngenerally necessitates a humanitarian response to address acute needs (food, shelter, and basic relief\nand hygiene items) to address relatively high levels of vulnerability in the initial phases of\ndisplacement, particularly among those with weak support from family and community networks.\n\n\nIn its Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Annual Report 2016, UNAMA recorded the highest\nnumber of civilian casualties since it began systematic documentation of civilian casualties in 2009.\nThe increase in casualties among children is particularly alarming. Key objectives of the Strategy are\nto be action-oriented, consider new trends in conflict and displacement and align with priorities\nidentified by the reinstated Humanitarian Access Working Group (HAG). A draft of an advocacy\nstrategy has been revisited in 2017 with the support of the Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) and\nProtection of Civilians Working Group (PoCWG). It identified the following focus areas for advocacy:\n\n - Adherence to IHL principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution to cease the use of\nexplosive weaponry and aerial attacks in civilian populated areas, the indirect use of weaponry\nand deliberate targeting by parties to the conflict;\n\n - Protection of humanitarian space including aid workers and delivery, healthcare\ninfrastructures in line with ICRC/MSF #NotATarget campaigns and education infrastructures\nin line with the Oslo Safe Schools Declaration;\n\n - A safe passage for fleeing civilians in times of military operation and conflict induced\ndisplacement (especially in large scale emergencies and when military operations aim at\ncapturing or re-capturing cities);\n\n - Continued pressure on the National Unity Government to publish and implement its National\nPolicy on Civilian Casualty Prevention and Mitigation, including all aspects of IHL, with the\nsupport of UN and civil society;\n\n - Development of services to protect children affected by conflict, especially to prevent child\nrecruitment and exploitation of children (particularly, bacha bazi) by parties in the conflict.\n\n**Protection from explosive remnants of war**\n\n\nMore than three decades of armed conflict in Afghanistan has left widespread mine and ERW\ncontamination across the country. It is estimated that 3,511 minefields, 309 battlefields and 52\ncontaminated firing ranges remain throughout the country, which affects 1,500 communities. These\nimpacted communities are spread out in 256 districts, in 33 out of 34 provinces, affecting an estimated\n910,000 people (figures from UNMAS).\n\n\nIn terms of mines, the priority areas to be cleared are those contaminated sites that are close to\ncommunities and where high levels of casualties are being reported. For the current planning period\n(according to the Mine Action Programme for Afghanistan strategic plan) the top 20 districts that\nreport the highest number of casualties (since Jan 2015 until now) are spread across 9 provinces,\npredominantly in the South and South East regions. They are: Maywand, Nad Ali, Tirin Kot, Shah Wali\n\n\nPage **3** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kot, Qalat, Lashkar Gah, Dihrawud, Shahjoy, Andar, Nawa-I- Barak Zayi, Nahri Sarraj, Gelan, Ghazni,\nArghistan, Chaghcharan, Qaysar, Puli Khumri, Kandahar, Bala Buluk, Spin Boldak.\n\n\nAfghanistan still reports the highest number of casualties from mines and explosive remnants of war\nin the world (according to the 2016 Landmine Monitor). In total UNAMA documented 326 incidents\nof explosive remnants of war detonation resulting in 724 civilian casualties (217 deaths and 507\ninjured), an increase of 66 per cent compared to 2015, rendering explosive remnants of war\nresponsible for six per cent of all civilian casualties in 2016. Men accounted for 13 per cent and women\naccount for 3 per cent of these casualties.\n\n\nEven more worryingly, children comprised 86 per cent of all civilian casualties caused by the\ndetonation of explosive remnants of war in 2016 \u2013 making it the second leading cause of child\ncasualties after ground engagements (609 child casualties documented, with 183 deaths and 426\ninjuries). In the first three months of 2017, once again children comprised the vast majority \u2013 81 per\ncent \u2013 of the casualties caused by the detonation of explosive remnants of war.\n\n\nUNAMA documented a further increase in civilian casualties from unexploded ordnance during the\nfirst three months of 2017, recording 203 civilian casualties (50 deaths and 153 injured), a one percent\nincrease compared to the same period in 2016.\n\n\nIn April 2017, UNAMA again drew attention to explosive remnants of war, citing them as one of the\nmain causes for a steep rise in child casualties during the first three months of 2017. Danielle Bell,\nUNAMA\u2019s Human Rights Director stated, \u201cThe 17 per cent increase in child casualties reflects the\nfailure of parties to the conflict to take adequate precautions to protect civilians, including through\nmarking and clearing unexploded ordnance after fighting ends.\u201d\n\n\nThe priority areas with regards to unexploded ordnance (UXO) are those that see the heaviest fighting\nand thus shift as the fighting shifts. The mine action sector responds by deploying cross trained teams\nto the areas contaminated once safe. The teams survey and clear spot tasks posing immediate danger.\nMobile mine/ERW Risk Education Teams are also deployed where needed, in places of displacement\n(preparing for people to return), in contaminated areas of return, and at encashment and transit\ncenters.\n\n\nThe returnee population is relatively more prone to lethal landmine and ERW accidents than the\ncivilian population living in their community of origin. According to data from DMAC and UNMAS,\ntravelers including returnees and IDPs account for 30% of all landmine, ERW and Pressure Plate IED\naccidents. Returnee populations are particularly vulnerable due to their unfamiliarity with the overall\nthreats posed by explosive hazards; lack of information about how to identify them and lack of the\npotentially life-saving behaviour to adopt in response, in addition to their unfamiliarity with their new\nsurroundings, including the history of armed clashes and potential for explosive contamination in\nareas of settlement.\n\n\nAll surviving casualties of ERW face social, economic and psychological problems impacting not only\nthe individual, but their families, communities and the Afghan society as a whole. As such, there is a\ncritical need for physical and social rehabilitation programmes throughout Afghanistan.\nApproximately 90% of the Afghan population lives more than 100Km far from a rehabilitation centre;\nwhile 20 Provinces out 34 have no prostheses and orthoses services available. With more than 1,360\nimpacted communities located 10km \u2013 50km from adequate health centres, and a further 26 impacted\ncommunities located more than 50km from adequate health centres, the likelihood of fatalities due\nto mine/ERW and PPIED incidents increases. These 1350 communities are spread across 32 provinces,\nwith a map of the hazards and health centres at the end of this guidance note.\n\n\nPage **4** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The main challenge to respond the above are related to funding shortfalls. Afghanistan has the\ncapacity to respond to the threat of mine and ERW and to respond to the needs of victims, but with\nfunding to the sector having dropped by 80 per cent since 2013, the sector is now unable to mobilize\nsufficient teams to respond to the demand.\n\n\nThus going forward, in addition to regular operations, the sector will focus on:\n\n - Maintaining a quick response team on standby who can quickly deploy to areas where fighting\nhas occurred to survey for unexploded ordnance, clear critical tasks and deliver risk education\nto at risk populations;\n\n - With funding decreasing, but casualty numbers rising or remaining the same, the sector needs\nto enhance efforts to do more with less, or in other words to be more efficient. Significant\ncuts have already been made in the cost to clear 1 square meter of contaminated land. Going\nforward, efforts will be made to make the coordination part of the sector more efficient\nthrough finalizing the handover to national counterparts and thereby reducing the expensive\nUN footprint.\n\n - Advocacy vis-\u00e0-vis allied, Government and AGEs with regards to the use of weaponry that may\nleave ERW in heavily populated areas;\n\n - Advocacy on the need to clear battle sites post kinetic engagement, especially in populated\nareas;\n\n - Strengthen resource mobilization efforts to ensure the sector can function at full capacity. The\ntotal funding for mine action requested through the HRP is $3,080,676 (across MRE,\nEOD/survey and coordination), of which 80% ($2,485,695) has been mobilised.\n\n**Child protection**\n\n\nDuring displacement and emergencies and conflict, violations of child rights occur in multiple forms.\nThe increased insecurity caused by violence and conflict has exacted an increasing toll on children in\nterms of the number of civilian casualties along with serious child protection concerns.\n\n\nThe rapid humanitarian assessments of newly conflict-induced displaced populations often detect\nchildren amongst those injured by the armed clashes. Aside from material hardships, the psychological\nimpact of the conflict and subsequent flight is deemed to be severe. Recruitment and use of children\nby armed forces and armed groups remains a significant risk in light of the fragmentation of NSAG and\nvarying degrees of interest in compliance with IHL. Active conflict led to 11,418 civilian casualties [5 ] in\n2016 - approximately 11% were women and 31% were children. In 2016, the Country Taskforce on\nMonitoring and Reporting (CTFMR) verified 57 incidents of recruitment and use of children in the\nconflict (89 boys) who were recruited and mainly used for planting IEDs, transporting explosives,\ncarrying out suicide attacks and spying. Forced recruitment is primary reason given by Afghan asylum\nseekers in Sweden and Norway. Poverty, coercion and lack of livelihood opportunities, including\nduring the more prolonged phases of displacement, is also a factor that contributes to the recruitment\nof children, particularly adolescents. Access to education in displacement is generally hindered by\nseveral factors: Poverty and destitution, with a loss of assets and means of livelihood, often forces\ndisplaced families to engage children in support of family resilience and interim livelihood strategies.\nLack of civil documentation, cultural and social norms, threats and intimidation, social status and\npoverty are significant obstacles. In 2016, 423 schools were intermittently closed due to conflict and\n\n\n5 UNAMA Protection of civilians 2016 Annual Report. Available here:\nhttps://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_feb2017.pdf\n\n\nPage **5** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "insecurity, affecting at least 11,200 students, the highest number of closures recorded by the Ministry\nof Education and UNICEF since 2003 [6] .\n\n\nBatcha Bazi [7] is also widespread in the country and the penal code is currently being changed to make\nthis practice illegal. Parties to the conflict and the police are key perpetrators.\n\n**Unaccompanied and separated minors and families is an important concern**\n\n\nThe same poverty and instability caused by conflict and natural disasters force many Afghans to leave\nthe country to seek better economic opportunities abroad. Adolescent boys in particular enter\nneighboring Iran or Pakistan unaccompanied on a regular basis in the hope of finding job opportunities\nand to contribute to their household income. Some of them move through these countries as transit\nlocations with the ultimate intention being to reach European countries. However, the reality is that\nmany of these children face extreme conditions, often fall into the hands of human traffickers, and\nget abused, imprisoned or even killed. Many are caught by authorities and sent back to Afghanistan.\n\n\nAfghan children being formally sent back to Afghanistan from Iran return through one of two border\ncrossings, either Islam Qala close to Herat or Zarang in Nimroz province in the South. During the year\n2016, a total of 4,396 UASC were sent back from Iran. It is estimated that 20-30% of these children do\nnot go through a formal return process and do not receive any support. Many of these children have\nreported horrific stories of abuse and exploitation, including from Iranian police and detention\npersonnel. The experience faced by those adolescents are quite harsh especially as they leave\nAfghanistan via irregular routes, they are more likely to experience exploitation, abuse and violence\nnot to mention detention prior to their return to Afghanistan. Based on the need presented, a package\nof services are being offered to children at the Islam Qala border including psychosocial support and\nfamily tracing and reunification by UNICEF and its partner in coordination with IOM, DoRR and\nDoLSAMD. From the period between July 2016 and March 2017, approximately 1,500 children\nreturning through the Islam Qala/Milak border received the above mentioned services with UNICEF\nsupport.\n\n\nA decision was made by the Iranian Government to divert the deportation route from the Islam Qala\nborder to the Milak border in March 2017 which resulted in no flow of UASC to Islam Qala while the\nflow via Milak border doubled. In order to ensure those children received appropriate services,\nUNICEF temporarily shifted the partner from Islam Qala border to Malik border until the expected reopening of the Islam Qala border in July 2017. In Milak border, approximately 150 children are assisted\nby the end of May 2017 with the same package of services as they were offered in Islam Qala and\nresettled in with their families. Additional UNICEF NGO partners were brought on board (HRDA) in\nJune 2017, to assure coverage along the entire border.\n\n**Protection of women and girls**\n\n\nWomen and girls in Afghanistan continue to suffer, directly and indirectly, from the impact of the\nconflict and of the displacement. The respect and fulfilment of their rights during displacement remain\nchallenged. UNAMA documented 1,218 women casualties in 2016, a 2% decrease from 2015. So far\nthere is little evidence that sexual violence is used as a targeted strategy in the conflict. Obstacles\nrelated to social and cultural norms and lack of identification and response capacity does not allow to\nmeasure patterns and indications of episodes of GBV perpetrated by parties to the conflict. However,\nit is presumed that gender based violence occurs widely like in any other armed conflict and\n\n\n6 Consolidated input (UNAMA Human Rights, OCHA, UNHCR, Afghanistan Protection Cluster, IOM) for the Security Council's informal\nExpert Group on the protection of civilians\u2019 discussions on Afghanistan\n\n\n[7 Bacha b\u0101z\u012b (Dari:](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari_language) \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0686\u0647 [, literally \"boy play\"; from \u0628\u0686\u0647 bacha, \"child\", and \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc b\u0101z\u012b, \"game\") is a slang term in Afghanistan for a wide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang)\n[variety of activities involving sexual relations between older men and younger adolescent men, or boys, that sometimes includes child](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse)\n[sexual abuse. The practitioner is commonly called bacha Baz (meaning \"pedophile\" in Dari) or simply BACH. Source Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse)\n\n\nPage **6** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "displacement setting. In addition, the emergence of new non-State armed groups affiliated with ISIS,\nparticularly in the Eastern, Northern and Southern parts of the country, has contributed to a further\ndeterioration of the situation for women and girls. While most of the facts remain unverified due to\nthe lack of humanitarian access, frequent reports are received from displaced populations on the\nimposition of stringent social and moral codes for women and girls, including stricter limitations to\nfreedom of movement and to seek basic health and education services among others.\n\n\nGiven the protracted conflict and continued displacements caused by the conflicts, a recrudescence\nof certain traditional harmful practices, such as early and forced marriages8, women and girls do not\nhave meaningful access to education and health services in safety and dignity. The worsening\nprotection environment and increase in internal displacement have generated an increase of\nvulnerability which can be correlated with the increase in the incidences of traditional harmful\npractices as negative coping mechanisms. Additionally, an absence of information/awareness about\nrights, negative effects of the harmful practices on women, girls and children and the lack of quality\nGBV services further contribute in already fragile context. In this context, existing capacities of basic\nGBV services including psycho-social counseling, medical, referral and response remain very limited.\n\n\nFinally, the practice of bacha bazi however, is widespread among the parties in the conflict and\nrepresents a Gender Based Violence for young boys.\n\n**Protection of House Land and Property**\n\n\nForced displacement often leads to the loss of land, homes and other property with serious\nconsequences for individuals and communities, who are often deprived of their main source of\nphysical and economic security. Disputes involving housing, land and property (HLP) are both a\nfundamental cause of conflict as well as a result arising in the aftermath of conflict and can pose\nobstacles to return, reintegration and reconciliation. These disputes pose immediate protection and\nearly recovery challenges in humanitarian operations. If left unaddressed, disputes on HLP can\nundermine peace and re-fuel hostilities.\n\n\nLoss of land and property can have serious consequences for the lives, health and well-being of\nindividuals and communities and expose them to various risks. Without access to land, homes and\nproperty people are often deprived of their main source of physical and socio-economic security,\nincluding shelter, water, and food as well as the ability to earn a sustainable livelihood. Lack of a home\nor a fixed residence can also restrict people\u2019s access to assistance and services, including education\nand health care, and limit their access to credit. As a result, displaced persons may suffer increased\npoverty, marginalization and are at risk of harassment, exploitation and abuse. Women and children\noften suffer disproportionately from the loss of land, homes and property. Discriminatory laws and\npractices frequently prevent women and girls from owning, leasing, renting and/or inheriting\nproperty. In case of divorce or the death of husbands, fathers or other male relatives, women and girls\nmay be forced to leave their homes, coerced into marriage, or subjected to other harmful practices.\n## **CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE OF CONCERN OF PROTECTION**\n\n\n**Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)** : Over 652,600 Afghans (approximately 96,000 families) were\nnewly displaced due to conflict in 2016, adding to a protracted IDP population of over 1 million. Most\nIDPs found refuge with host families in neighboring communities, already facing extreme poverty.\nFood, adequate shelter, WASH, and health care remain high priority needs, while efforts to raise\nawareness of mines and ordnance risks are also ongoing. A majority of IDPs live an insecure existence\nin makeshift shelters and informal squatter settlements with irregular access to services, poor\n\n\n8 8.8% of women aged 20-24 were married or in a union before the age of 15 and 45% before the age of 18 (AfDHS15)\n\n\nPage **7** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sanitation including a lack of latrines, and fragile livelihood strategies; others reside in shared and\novercrowded rental accommodation, or with relatives.\n\n\n**Returnees** : In 2016, more than 600,000 documented and undocumented Afghans returned from\nPakistan and Iran including 372,577 registered refugees who returned under UNHCR\u2019s facilitated\nreturn program and were provided with UNHCR cash grants as part of their repatriation assistance\npackage. The majority of returnees have indicated Kabul, Nangarhar, Kandahar, Herat, Balkh, Ghazni,\nBaghlan and Kunduz provinces as their intended destination for return, including areas subject to\nattacks by armed groups. Returnees report a lack of land and adequate shelter, insufficient livelihoods,\ninsecurity, and poor access to services as obstacles to sustainable return and reintegration. These and\nother factors have forced many returnees to undertake secondary movement to locations, particularly\nin urban centers, other than their place of origin.\n\n\n**Refugees and Asylum Seekers** : As of December 2016, 208 individuals were recognized as refugees\nwhile 135 had sought asylum. Financial support to these refugees and asylum-seekers, according to\ntheir vulnerability while meeting basic needs for food and shelter, must continue because of their lack\nof income, livelihood opportunities, and effective legal protection. Meanwhile, is estimated that over\n125,000 Pakistani refugees who have fled North Waziristan, mostly in 2014, are still hosted in\nAfghanistan. The lack of formal birth registration for refugee children born in Afghanistan may\nheighten the risk of statelessness.\n\n\n**Host/Affected Communities** : The year 2016 saw the highest level of security incidents (23,712) in over\na decade, including some 3,498 civilian deaths and 7,920 injured civilians. A similar trend was reported\nin January 2017, amid increasing territorial gains by AGEs. It is projected that conflict will continue to\nfrequently result in substantial levels of forced population movements placing an additional burden\non overstretched resources and support systems with some members of the host communities\nexperiencing the same assistance needs as IDPs.\n\n\n**People with specific needs** : Conflict-induced displacement disproportionately affects individuals with\nspecific needs, such as children, constituting around 60% of the displaced population, women, older\npersons, and persons with disabilities. These populations are often exposed to the greatest\ndeprivations and harshest conditions. Access to health for conflict-affected and displaced populations\nis gravely compromised by the extremely poor conditions of public health structures. Moreover, the\nnumerous episodes of grave breaches of IHL with respect to medical facilities, medical personnel, and\nmedical transport by NSAG, has led to numerous closures of facilities and the loss of access to lifesaving medical care by local and displaced population. The chronic lack of female personnel and\nlimited outreach hinders access for women to critical services and treatment. There is a duty to ensure\nthat protection is mainstreamed across all response sectors as people with special needs are often\nexposed to protection concerns, including a lack of privacy and GBV due to overcrowded shelters,\ndiversion of food assistance, placement of water sources and cash distribution points at a far distance\nfrom areas of settlement and where markets and community latrines are inaccessible.\n## **HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT NEXUS**\n\n\nReturns and displacement are concentrated in time and space, thus posing a disproportionately large\nchallenge to the absorption capacity of some districts and provinces. While the local impact of a\nmassive influx of refugees, and the capacity to reintegrate, depends on a range of factors, one thing\nis clear: local absorption capacity certainly has a limit. Once the limit is reached, competition over\nresources could trigger or reinforce pre-existing causes of conflict, especially since institutions are\nweak. The increase in secondary displacement among returnees is a strong sign that the country\u2019s\ncapacity to absorb and reintegrate additional inflows of returnees was already overstretched before\nthe surge of the recent months\u2019 returns. There is no reason to believe trends will be reversed: a higher\n\n\nPage **8** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "number of returns from abroad will likely result in an increase in internal displacement. In particular,\nthe continued deterioration of the security situation and the economic crisis in Afghanistan are likely\nto further challenge the reintegration of more recent returns. Whilst displacement is not the principal\ndriver of vulnerability in this context, many of the factors related to displacement, including high levels\nof poverty, reduced access to informal safety nets, a lack of documentation and the loss of land and\nassets, have increased the vulnerabilities of some displaced households. REACH has estimated that\nsome 759,293 IDPs, returnees and urban poor have settled in the informal settlements across the\ncountry. These settlements rarely offer any kind of formal social protection, education and psychosocial services.\n\n\nIn this context it is important to consider the difference between humanitarian and development\nprinciples and what this means for the neutrality of aid. Furthermore, humanitarian assistance\nmodalities cannot respond properly to the urban displacement phenomena, the scale of displacement\nand nature of needs generated. It requires different types of intervention modalities along early\nrecovery and development types of programming. The concept of the \u201cnew way of working\u201d outlines\nthe importance of mobilising development actors and further consider comparing advantages in these\nkind of situations.\n\n\nThe Government of Afghanistan has laid out its vision in the Mutual Accountability Framework (2014)\nand the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF 2017-2021) to transform\nAfghanistan in the coming years. In part, the aim of these frameworks is to ensure the rights of all\ncitizens, including returnees and IDPs, to economic and physical security. The ANPDF further\nemphasizes that finding solutions for the needs of IDPs and returnees is a \u201cvital part of the national\ndevelopment strategy\u201d, thereby recognizing that the response requires a \u2018whole of Government\napproach\u2019 through its National Priority Programs (NPPs). Land tenure security, property rights, and\nupgrading the informal settlements are prioritized throughout the framework as measures to reduce\npoverty.\n\n\nThese developments represent a major opportunity to advance on key policy decisions - such as the\nright to settle in the area of choice, the right to obtain civil documentation in the area of settlement\netc. \u2013 and to prioritize and target development response to vulnerable populations. However, the\nimplementation of the Displacement & Returns Executive Committee Policy Framework and Action\nPlan at provincial level, taking into consideration an inclusive approach to respond to the needs of\nIDPs, returnees and host communities, represents a challenge but is also an opportunity to bridge the\ndivide between humanitarian and development interventions, implementation modalities and\nfunding streams. The commitment of donors towards a needs based approach based on a planning\nprocess that consolidates the immediate-, medium- and long-term needs and prioritized interventions\nis encouraging. It may finally facilitate the move from a fragmented approach towards an integrated\nresponse with concrete roles and responsibilities allocated to key actors (Government, donors, UN\nagencies, NGOs).\n## **KEY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS AND SCOPE OF WORK**\n\n\nProtection concerns are tremendous in Afghanistan, some are directly related to ongoing conflict,\nground engagements and forced displacement as other are rather related to widespread poverty and\nstructural deficit. The APC will first and foremost address protection issues related to new shocks and\nwill mobilize development actors to respond to protection issues related to structural deficits.\n\n\n**Given limited resources and capacities**, it is paramount for the APC to prioritize key geographical\nareas taking into consideration following elements:\n\n\nPage **9** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Focus on key protection risks**, **responsive and rehabilitation actions** : Mainly related to Protection of\ncivilian in high combat intensity areas as well as hard-to-reach populations in AGEs controlled areas\nshould access allowed, new displacement due to the conflict, and equity of access to services by\nvulnerable groups.\n\n\n**Severity of needs and response capacity** : Consideration will be given to the number of affected\npopulations, especially children, in the contested, IEA and government controlled areas. Presence of\noperational partners and response capacity will be also taken into consideration. As of 1 March 2017\nthe access snapshot indicates approximately 54% of the territory is controlled or contested by NSAG.\nAs of January 2017, the 3W Map shows the humanitarian community to be present as follows (if BPHS\nstaff are included then the number of staff will increase in all areas): Areas under control of\ngovernment (30,349 staff), contested areas (13, 279 staff), NSAG control (428 staff).\n\n\n**Mobilization of early recovery and development actors** on the basis of comparative advantage and\ncollective outcomes: Increased partnership with development actors to address urban displacement,\nprolonged/protracted displacement, durable solutions and the reintegration of returnees,\ndevelopment and structural deficit that generates negatives coping mechanism and acute\nvulnerabilities.\n\n\nWhere humanitarian access is feasible or could be negotiated, the APC will focus its interventions and\ncoordination efforts on **high combat intensity/contested areas** that generate heightened protection\nrisks and require an immediate response to protect affected population.\n\n\nThe scope of work for the APC is defined below on the next page and will be considered as key areas\nof priorities for the APC.\n## **CONCLUSION**\n\n\nThe APC Guidance Note facilitates the identification of key areas of work to redefine strategic priorities\nfor the APC. It provides highlights on some patterns of abuse and specific categories of population\nthat are exposed to threats. It also suggests key coordination and partnership areas for the APC to\nstrengthen.\n\n\nHowever, it also highlights the APC\u2019s limited capacity to collect protection data and build up a more\nrobust and comprehensive protection analysis. The main challenges have been identified as limited\nhumanitarian access, sensitivity related to some protection thematic, a lack of information sharing\namong different agencies, limited capacity and knowledge to operationalize the protection risks\nequation, a lack of conflict sensitivity analysis and limited protection assessments. The available\nprotection analysis is usually limited to the overall chronic issues in the country, while conflict and\ndisplacement related risks and threats remain less explored and assessed.\n\n\nThose limitations can be overcome should the APC members prioritize the resources to fill those gaps\nand increase their commitment to the coordination system for the protection sector.\n\n\nA workshop with APC members will be organized in the course of August 2017 which will provide an\nopportunity to produce a joint protection analysis that would support a prioritization exercise.\n\n\nIntegrated protection response plans are also under development at regional level and will provide a\nregional perspective of the protection context and priorities.\n\n\nPage **10** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Strategic
priorities
Modalities|Protection of civilians|Displacement|Access to services|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Advocacy**|\uf0b7 Monitoring and reporting
(civilians casualties, MRM)
\uf0b7 Engagement with parties
to the conflict
\uf0b7 Support to the NUG to
publish and implement its
National Policy on Civilian
Casualty Prevention and
Mitigation (Cf. PoC key
advocacy areas)|\uf0b7 Support to DiREC
\uf0b7 Information products
\uf0b7 Briefing notes to
HC/HCT, GPC, Donors
\uf0b7 Adherence to refugee
law especially with
regard to refoulement|\uf0b7 Access to civil
documentation and
policies for the affected
population to be able to
access justice, education,
finance and inheritance
rights in the interim
\uf0b7 Linkage with Citizen
Charter CDCs|\n|
**Advocacy**|Protection monitoring|Protection monitoring|Protection monitoring|\n|
**Advocacy**|HCT Protection strategy


|HCT Protection strategy


|HCT Protection strategy


|\n|
**Access**|\uf0b7 Conflict and stakeholder
analysis|\uf0b7 Protection integration
in Health, FS,
Shelter/NFI,WASH,
cash based
programming|\uf0b7 Communication and
information strategy|\n|
**Access**|HAG - Negotiated access strategies of international actors|HAG - Negotiated access strategies of international actors|HAG - Negotiated access strategies of international actors|\n|
**Access**|Partnership and capacity building of local actors|Partnership and capacity building of local actors|Partnership and capacity building of local actors|\n|
**Access**|Establishment of Community Network|Establishment of Community Network|Establishment of Community Network|\n|
**Access**|Mobile outreach and remote monitoring


|Mobile outreach and remote monitoring


|Mobile outreach and remote monitoring


|\n|
**Protection **|\uf0b7 Mine action|\uf0b7 Protection assessment
and analysis
\uf0b7 Alert system
\uf0b7 Gender analysis
\uf0b7 Preparedness|\uf0b7 PSN Network
(Identification and
referral)
\uf0b7 linkage with AIHRC to
address areas of human
trafficking, lack of access
to essential services and
justice through a human
rights lens|\n|
**Protection **|Community Based
Measures
|Protection Mainstreaming in Health, FS, Shelter/NFI,
WASH, cash based programming

|Protection Mainstreaming in Health, FS, Shelter/NFI,
WASH, cash based programming

|\n|
**Protection **|\uf0b7 UNAMA PoC
\uf0b7 Local advocacy|\uf0b7 Assistance and
Mediation to issues
related to HLP|\uf0b7 Child Protection (support
to CPANs, CFS, packet of
services)
\uf0b7 GBV capacity
(Identification and
referral),legal assistance
\uf0b7 Access to tazkera|\n|
**Protection **|Call center|Call center|Call center|\n\n\nPage **11** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **12** of **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3322cb44-bdd5-345b-bfdd-7c36394b0d92/apc_strategic_guidance_note_2017-2018_-_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_776/raw/doc_776_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_776/raw/doc_776_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fa9e82c43cc93a8240a51737a2b16a7aa848ae3a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_776/raw/doc_776_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Pre-Conflict Housing in Ukraine: Real Estate Markets and Tenure Dynamics\n\nSince October 2014, Ukraine\u2019s Emergency Shelter and NFI Cluster partners have repaired 20,526\nhouses, distributed 438,882 nonfood items, and supported 109,937 individuals with life-saving\nemergency assistance. Beyond these immediate statistics of humanitarian assistance, how has\nUkraine\u2019s humanitarian crisis impacted future access to housing for internally displaced persons and\nthe affected population? Current **absorption capacity** in Ukraine\u2019s housing sector has been shaped by\na **troubled history of privatization** which has resulted in a shortage of housing supply stimulating an\nincrease in people living in informal housing arrangements. Challenges with affordability of housing\nand decaying residential infrastructure further complicate access to adequate housing. Nevertheless,\nUkrainian society\u2019s cultural attitude of self-ownership of housing as an asset critical to their economic\nwellbeing is demonstrative of their **resilience and presents an opportunity for recovery** .\n\n\nIn **1991,** Ukraine\u2019s declaration of independence from the Soviet Union marked the beginning of a\ngradual **mass privatization** in a housing sector which was already struggling with a lack of apartment\nsupply to meet the demand for housing stimulated by urbanization. In privatization [1], the house as a\nunit [2] became the main focus of property tenure rather than a piece of land. The importance of a price\nvalue placed on the individual unit took over for the Soviet concept of communal housing where an\nindividual only had to pay for heat, water, and electricity i.e. **communal services** . Maintenance of\ncommunal housing premises and services (hallways, elevators, pipes, roofs boilers heating, etc.) was\nneglected while the number of multi-story buildings and houses in need of heavy structural repairs\nincreased. [3]\n\n\nFrom **1999 to 2008**, individual privatization of the existing housing stock continued. Between 20002007, the Ukrainian economy grew by 8% per annum. During 2005-2008, the global housing boom\nstimulated growth in Ukraine\u2019s real estate market grew, and households were able to easily take credit\nin hard foreign currency. Housing supply, nevertheless, struggled to meet this surge in demand,\nbecause Ukrainian regulation did not facilitate the ease and speed with which construction permits\ncould be issued. Corruption further easily dominated the industry, crowding out competition between\nconstruction companies. [4]\n\n\nIn **2008**, foreign demand and wealthy domestic investment had pushed housing prices beyond that of\nthe average Ukrainian household. Domestic public and private investment slowed, with a glaring 50%\ndecrease in construction investment. [5] While Ukraine managed to avoid recession by allowing\ndomestic and foreign debt to grow between **2008-2013,** the value of the _hryvnia_ was falling at an\nalarming rate. The National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) introduced several initiatives to restructure debt\nin the housing sector according to preferential currency values, while Ukraine tried to settle both its\nexternal and internal debts, and the average household struggled with the affordability of housing and\nbasic consumer goods. [6]\n\n\nTherefore at the start of the humanitarian crisis, Ukraine\u2019s housing sector was characterized by 93.7%\nself-ownership of real estate property, with only 3.4% of households living in private-rental housing\nand 2.9% in communal housing. [7] Households struggling with debt and the financial difficulties created\nby the global and national recession faced a barrier for affording rental apartments due to a lack of\nrental-stock. Lack of maintenance to multi-story buildings coupled with a lack of new construction of\n\n\n1 9 months according soviet time practices (to be verified)\n2 61,591 housing were transferred without a competitive way.\n3 This situation is further exacerbated by Ukraine\u2019s complete development of a land cadaster. In certain village of Donbass up top 18% of\nhomes to be repaired do not have full and completed documentation. Housing Land Tenure and Property technical working group\ndiscussion of the 6 [th] of June 2016.\n4 [http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Ukraine/Price-History-Archive/Ukraines-unexpected-rise-in-house-prices-amidst-](http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Ukraine/Price-History-Archive/Ukraines-unexpected-rise-in-house-prices-amidst-economic-slowdown-and-political-tension-1241)\n[economic-slowdown-and-political-tension-1241](http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Ukraine/Price-History-Archive/Ukraines-unexpected-rise-in-house-prices-amidst-economic-slowdown-and-political-tension-1241)\n5 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Ukraine: Country Profiles on Housing and Land Management 2013\n6 In fact negotiation were on going between retailed banks and NBU about repayment rate fixed between 7.9 and 8 UAH/$ according\nbanks. [http://www.dsnews.ua/economics/bankiry-otkazalis-schitat-dollar-po-vosem-02032015090700](http://www.dsnews.ua/economics/bankiry-otkazalis-schitat-dollar-po-vosem-02032015090700)\n7 UNECE 2013\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "apartments was exacerbated by a declining construction sector which was struggling with a decrease\nin foreign investment.\n\n# Outstanding privatization challenges, financial crisis\n\n\nSocial housing and housing policy established in the\nimmediate aftermath of this financial crisis just prior\nto the start of Ukraine\u2019s humanitarian crisis was\ninadequate to address the housing needs of\nstruggling low income households. At the local level,\nfunds to finance such initiatives were limited. In\n2013, at least 1.39 million people [8] were found to be\non a waiting list to receive social housing or shelter\nto replace old and structurally decaying houses. In\n1990, 8.91 % of people on this list were receiving\nshelter in a given year with that figure declining to\n0.46% in 2014 the last time such data was available.\n\n\nAs such for identifying factors for **integration** and\n\n_Figure 3- Shelter Cluster Visual; Source: State Statistical_\n\n**durable solutions,** it is important to consider how _Services of Ukraine:_\nthe Soviet legacy of care for common premises and _[http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/zf/zf_u/20](http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/zf/zf_u/2006_u.htm)_\nhousing utilities and unfulfilled privatization has _[06_u.htm](http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/zf/zf_u/2006_u.htm)_\nresulted in neglect of residential buildings. Support programming can be designed based on the\nidentity and specific nature of the cases including social programming, specialized institutions such as\nelderly care facilities, or access to credit to facilitate renting and acquisition of housing.\n\n# Repairing Homes, Repairing Communities\n\n\nFrom spring to autumn 2014, people fled the contact line areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts to\ntake refuge in collective centres, temporary accommodation in apartments, or move in with relatives.\nAs they had left behind property and income, they depended on their limited savings and volunteer\ngroups in the first few months of their displacement. As the conflict has protracted for 3 years, this\nsegment of the population is beginning to exhaust their coping mechanisms. Nation-wide, roughly\n59% of IDPs prefer to return to their home of origin, because they have private property there,\ndemonstrating the **centrality of private houses as a main source of capital** . 24% of IDPs report not\nfeeling integrated in their place of relocation, [9] requesting housing, regular income, and employment\nin order to better support them in their integration. REACH recorded that roughly 10% of IDPs in 2016\nreturned from government controlled areas in 2016 (excluding Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) to nongovernment controlled areas. 6.24% of IDPs residing in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts intend to move\ndue to **lack of financing** impacting affordability of rental accommodation, **closure of collective**\n**centres**, **concerns with their current shelter situation**, or familial ties. Illustrating the dichotomy in\nreasons for return, 42% intend to move elsewhere in Ukraine while 39% intend to return to their house\nof origin. [10] When asking motivations for moving back to their area of origin home, lack of money for\nrent and lack of jobs was mentioned 49% of the time. Of those returning to their area of origin home\nin Donetsk and Luhansk, 35% had reported that it is partially damaged and 2% claim that their home\n\n8 The categories for these lists included: those without financial means to improve their housing conditions\nand who did not have access to government supported programs, households living in overcrowded units,\nthose living in shared facilities such as hostels or flats, households living in residential buildings constructed\nmore than 50 years ago which have never received structural repairs, households lacking basic amenities.\n9 IOM NMS Round 4 September 2016\n10 REACH 2016 IAVA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.6728259921073914, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8956127166748047, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9987245202064514, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "was fully destroyed and looted. This perception of home and the desire to return to private property\nafter **3 exhausting years of displacement** has fueled a demand for social housing for those IDPs\nwishing to return home.\n\n\n\nFor those remaining in conflict-affected\ncommunities, 3 years of shelling has resulted in\ndamage to 18,500 residential buildings in\ngovernment controlled areas impacting 22,00025,000 households [11] while humanitarian response\nis still required in places of ongoing shelling. While\nthe number of damaged houses increased in 2014\nthrough 2015, shelter partners aimed to ensure\ndamaged houses had adequate levels of\n**habitability** by isolating at least one area of the\nhouse and preserving the damaged homes\u2019\nfoundation. This was beneficial for those not\nwanting to move, returning, and most particularly\nfor those vulnerable persons unable to relocate to\nother accommodation.\n\n\n\n\n\nOver the long term as the conflict protracts into its\nthird winter; however, unaddressed damages in the\nhouses\u2019 foundation particularly for private _Figure 1 along contact line the linear reconstruction process_\n\n_encompass rehabilitation of more than just a roof. Shelter_\n\nhouseholds in rural areas could further decay a\n\n_Cluster visual material_\n\nstructure that not only represents a place to sleep\nand protection from the elements. Due to this dominant culture of ownership, damage represents\ndestruction of a households\u2019 main source of **capital** . Throughout 2015 into 2016, Shelter Cluster\npartners have been able to take on medium and heavy repair works to address the greater structural\ndamages to these homes. This process of topping up on acute and primary repairs through larger\nstructural and reconstruction works is a crucial and consecutive synergy with the early recovery\nprocess and should also include the revitalization of basic infrastructure to stabilize a **population at**\n**risk of displacement** .\n\n\nHowever, the goals of humanitarian shelter repair programming are different from the goals of\ncompensation programming for damages and losses imposed by conflict. While repairs and\nreconstruction aim to guarantee adequate living conditions, compensation involves securing the rights\nof citizens who have lost assets and family members. Consequently, the awarding of compensation\nrequires much more time to develop a well targeted program. [12] This recovery approach is **triggered**\nby careful targeting of the humanitarian needs, while laying the ground work for recovery\nprogramming to address the other conditions that establish **durable shelter solutions for permanent**\n**stay** enabling the involvement of local authorities.\n\n# Integration/ relocation\n\n\nThe front line cuts like a **scar**, devitalizing the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk with man-made\ncheckpoints surrounding shelled out residential areas creating a **ghost town effect** for towns robbed\nof the busy activity of rural or suburban life that once sustained them. In many communities in Donetsk\n\n\n11 Precise data is not available for NGCA, however a mirror impact could produce a similar figure, with the figure slightly\nhigher in NGCA, due to the dominant residential and urban landscape.\n\n\n12 For example, 10 criteria were established in Colombia for awarding compensation which did not end with the monetary award but\n\n\nsought to ensure that full rights of the individual were addressed. The criteria also clarified that compensation was a separate concept\n\n\nfrom humanitarian assistance. The War Report: Armed Conflict in 2013, Oxford University.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and Luhansk, municipal authorities and residents have reported **displacement** and **secondary**\n**displacements** due to damaged housing or lack of adequate housing, unemployment, low wages, lack\nof available transportation (public/private), lack of social services, poor road conditions, and individual\nprospects for future. In 5 or 10 years, this **ghost town effect could spread** to other communities along\nthe contact line. For those in non-government controlled areas, a regular mobile population that has\nto travel for job or family will reside side by side with those who are more limited in their movements.\nThese populations will grow economically, socially, and politically further apart from those in\ngovernment controlled territories indicating that rebuilding and recovery will require many years of\ncomprehensive national and social reconciliation. [13]\n\n\nNevertheless, the Sloviansk-Kramatorsk- Konstyantinivka axis and Luhansk Oblasts\u2019 LisichanskSeverodonetsk axis or in cities of regional significance such as Mariupol in southern Donetsk have\nbecome **economic** and **population** **catchment areas** benefitting from their strategic location near\npassenger railway and developed road infrastructure. This thin line between **municipal opportunity**\nand **ghost town effect** will be tied with the integration of IDPs who have resettled in these\ncommunities. While more than 1/3 of IDPs intend to stay in their current place of residence, housing\nchallenges and expensive rent coupled with lack of medical and educational services put a displaced\npopulation at risk of secondary displacements and worsening humanitarian conditions. Therefore,\ncomplimentary recovery programming should seek to mitigate these risks of displacement by\nfacilitating the conditions of a functioning housing market and equitable right to housing.\n\n# Opportunities starting at community level\n\n\nPragmatically, increasing **absorption capacity** for these local communities is firstly tied with building\ncommunity support. Initiatives such as UNHCR\u2019s _City of Solidarities_ event held in Mariupol in July 2016\nshould be replicated. Such initiatives can create momentum between **various stakeholders** to provide\nsocial housing to facilitate integration of lower income affected and displaced populations. Such\nforums can bring relevant private companies, humanitarian actors, and local authorities together to\nsupport and develop initiatives for social housing projects. It can also result in the creation of projects\nthat will support the development of the community\u2019s absorption capacity, such as investments in\nsocial and community infrastructure, thus fostering the conditions for peaceful coexistence. Flexibility\nand regulation for social housing and rental property to provide adequate average living space per\nperson can be encouraged. [14] Therefore, partial tax exemptions could be implemented in these\nmunicipal opportunity areas to boost social economic activity for both those seeking to purchase or\nrent housing and those seeking to engage in the construction sector.\n\n\nFrom the onset of the crisis, the choices made by humanitarian responders and those that plan longerterm development programming determine the future prospects for those impacted by Ukraine\u2019s\nhumanitarian crisis. In 5-10 year from now, internally displaced persons and the non-displaced\naffected population will not only face direct conflict-related challenges but also obstacles to recovery,\ndue to the lack of programs and policies from the state services to foster a competitive housing market\nand access to social housing, which encompasses an employment creation approach. The affected\npopulation\u2019s right to housing will clash with the reality of lack of housing supply and programs and\npolicies that will foster the stimulation of a dormant social housing and housing market. Because of\nincreasing risk of eviction, collective centre closure, and a number of people spending time in\n\n\n13 \u201cRe-examining the social benefits of home ownership after the housing crisis\u201d Paper originally presented at\nHomeownership Built to Last: Lessons from the Housing Crisis on Sustaining Homeownership for Low-Income\nand Minority Families \u2013 A National Symposium held on April 1 and 2, 2013 at Harvard Business School in\nBoston, Massachusetts\u00a9 by William Rohe and Mark Lindblad. All rights reserved.\n14 to stimulate the construction industry to achieve 21m2 per person as a minimum standard for rental housing\nand 21m [2] +10 m for housing\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "inadequate housing particularly in NGCA, the demand for social housing significantly increased in\n2016. While social housing is a government responsibility, authorities have approached humanitarian\npartners for assistance for these projects **due to lack of financing** and capacity challenges related with\nthe ongoing conflict. In the area of self-repairs, those returning will face new challenges for rebuilding\nrelated with their housing, land, and property and other aspects they consider essential for their\nintegration including employment and access to regular income.\n\n\nRental housing was only a temporary measure for many of the displaced, and those deciding to\npermanently settle will look for more permanent housing solutions. Since 2008, a **lack of stable**\n**employment** has made loans a less favourable option for affordability of housing. However; financial\nloans are often not an option for those recently impacted by conflict who have lost a significant portion\nof their life savings and household assets and face burdensome mortgages. Programs and policies that\nassist the crisis affected with affordability of housing should look at supporting the development of a\n**healthier housing market** which would stimulate the construction industry, purchasing and renting of\nhousing, and generate employment. Due to the great burden that mortgage or regular financial\nactivities may pose on the conflict-affected, creative government support programs should be\nimplemented while the conflict-affected not only seek adequate housing but also try to rebuild their\nlives.\n\n\nThere are many opportunities to involve the construction sector as a pillar of development and\nrecovery for Ukraine. The National Bank of Ukraine in its inflation report produced in April 2016 cited\nthe critical role that investment in construction played in fueling growth and recovery. Nevertheless,\nin the Ukraine State Statistic Services projections on 2016 quarter 3 lack of demand and financing are\nchallenging the industry.\n\n\nShelter interventions therefore need to involve local construction enterprises to enhance their\nproductivity and to improve livelihoods and rebuild infrastructure to foster community support.\n\n\nFor the most vulnerable, particularly those who have disabilities and remain in collective centres,\nspecialized institutions could be a short term solution as collective centres are being forced to close.\nSocial housing projects and ensuring that social institutions have the capacity to assist this vulnerable\npopulation even in the short-term until more durable solutions need to be discussed between\nhumanitarian actors and municipal and state authorities. Due to government limitations and\nmobilized development donors, humanitarian actors may have to intervene in the last resort\nespecially during Ukraine\u2019s harsh winter months. Such interventions should be implemented side by\nside with government stakeholders and mainstream local capacity building.\n\n\nIn the absence of effective mechanisms for assessing property values and a lack of electronic and\ncomplete land and property inventory, projects that assess property and available housing options\nshould be encouraged. Such innovative programming can be paired with provision of credit support\nand transfer of tenure to the crisis-affected. From the perspective of housing, land and property,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "liaison with local authorities will be required to address some of the judicial concerns. The risk of\nsabotage and corruption in such programs remains, and further liaison is required to protect the\naffected population from such financial rent seeking.\n\n# Displacement in Urban Contexts and Reforms in Ukraine\n\n\nGlobally conflicts and natural disasters have displaced 60 million persons with only one third of that\npopulation deciding to cross borders in their displacement and seek refugee status. [15] Over 1.5% of\nthose 60 million are internally displaced within the territory of Ukraine. The Guiding Principles on\nInternal Displacement [16] establish the **joint role of national authorities and humanitarian and**\n**development actors** in facilitating durable solutions, as marginalizing the internally displaced creates\nobstacles to recovery, long-term stability and reconstruction. [17] The opportunities to establish these\ndurable solutions are great due to the country\u2019s pre-conflict capacities and policies. Apart from the\ncrisis in the east and its \u201c _war against corruption_,\u201d, the Government of Ukraine is slowly attempting to\nconduct critical structural reforms, and three of them are directly related with the housing sector:\n\n\nI) State energy subsidies\nII) Transfer of responsibilities of communal property to apartment tenants\nIII) Land Cadastre system\n\n\n**State Energy Subsidies**\n\n\nAs a legacy of the Soviet system, electricity and gas providers were heavily subsidized. For a number\nof years, Ukraine\u2019s subsidy program was poorly targeted and inefficient benefitting the energy\ncompanies and not reaching the average consumer and definitely not the most economically\nvulnerable. In order to comply with the terms of an International Monetary Fund reform, Ukraine has\nmade an attempt to reduce and streamline inefficient subsidies in order to reach the lower economic\nsegment of the population. This, however, comes in parallel to a nearly 30% increase in heating and\nutility prices. [18] Theoretically energy reform has an end result promoting better insulation and also\nindirect tax collection on the middle/upper class. As of the first year of implementation, this reform\nhas met much opposition from the average consumer who is not aware of the individual gains in this\nreform and is facing new bureaucratic impediments related to application for the program.\n\n\n**Transfer of Responsibilities of communal property to apartment tenants**\n\n\nThe second major reform is linked to the renewing of the property portfolio of main institutions in\ncharge of social housing at the municipal level: housing maintenance services or _zhek_ per its Russian\nacronym. In 2017, the obstacles for transitioning humanitarian coordination capacities back to local\ngovernments will remain because of the legal framework\u2019s ambiguity with respect to property rights\nand the relationships between owners, co-owners, operating agencies, local governments, and service\nproviders. Linked with the Ministry of Social Policy at the local level, these institutions are responsible\nfor providing maintenance of communal areas within apartment buildings such as maintenance water\nsupply, sewage systems, communal areas, elevators, electricity network, and heating and utilities.\nWith the beginning of the privatization process in 1989, the department has kept the direct\nresponsibility for maintaining an aging inventory of residential infrastructure. Nevertheless, it lacks\nthe critical financing to do anything but very minimal maintenance. As a result, the _**zhek**_ **has not been**\n**able to fulfill its critical responsibilities in developing new property** for renting, leasing, or supporting\nenergy reforms needed in the housing sector. Aside from this systemic \u2018bankruptcy,\u2019 _zhek_ still\n\n\n15 [http://news.trust.org/item/20160916104048-x43fd/](http://news.trust.org/item/20160916104048-x43fd/)\n16 Principles 28-30\n17 IASC Framework\n18 [http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0231-15](http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0231-15)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "maintains responsibility for maintaining ageing infrastructure and has been unable to transfer this to\nprivate ownership, showing how privatization is yet unfulfilled.\n\n\nThe Ministry of Regional Development, Building, and Housing has in the past advocated for _**zhek**_ as a\nway to channel accountability in the housing sector. However, these associations are not legally\nbinding and not mandatory, and therefore are unable to advocate with local governments and utility\ncompanies on behalf of their residents. [19] Culturally as well, decentralized private ownership is not a\nconcept that is well accepted for generations that grew up under the system of communal ownership,\nwhere residents did not have the responsibility for accessing subsidies and maintenance of facilities.\nThe reform which had a deadline of the 1 [st] of June 2016 has already been postponed, as identification\nof service providers or condominium associations has proved difficult in practice due to the prevailing\ncultural soviet mentality for care of common practices. In the mid-term however, the transfer of\ndecision-making powers from the municipalities to the _zhek_ will be a critical component for ensuring\nadequacy of housing at the local level.\n\n\n**Law of Ukraine on the State Cadastre System**\n\n\nIn 2011, the Verkhovna Rada approved the law on State Land Cadastre as a single cadaster to\nstreamline information on property and land availability. This important piece of legislation is linked\nwith decentralization and enables local authorities to better know their assets and property at local\nlevel. Key to driving urban planning and development, the single cadaster is one key tool to foster\nconstruction and infrastructure projects while also ensuring that urban development corresponds\nwith population dynamics. The development of this legislation was timely, because the economic crisis\nof 2008 had created significant demographic changes within many semi-urban areas and between\nvarious oblasts of Ukraine with the main motivation being economic emigration. The implementation\nof this legislation was postponed for implementation for 2013, the time period just before the\nbeginning of Ukraine\u2019s prevailing humanitarian crisis. The sudden mass influx of internal displacement\ncomplicated the successful implementation of this legislation. It has further put a strain on housing\nunits in desperate need of repairs and the eastern regions\u2019 dependence on external resources in\nfinancing housing initiatives. Over-crowding and a lack of social cohesion already threaten the future\nperspective of the internally displaced and those looking to resettle within Ukraine.\n\n# Conclusion\n\n\nHousing projects seeking to create durable solutions and assist the conflict affected should be\nmainstreamed and focused to target the economic, political, social, financial, and legal components\nwhich will be required to shape the housing sector in Ukraine over the next few years. This will require\nhumanitarian and development projects implemented in Ukraine from 2017 onwards to have housing\nand shelter projects with clear outcome indicators for adequacy of housing and milestones that\nsupport the necessary components of utilities reform. Cooperation with local authorities will also be\nkey at local, state, and national levels. Humanitarian and development actors should also remember\ncritical housing, land, and property issues that were directly created by the conflict, such as loss of\ndocumentation, forced evictions, illegal confiscation of property and lack of clear procedures for\nseeking and being awarded compensation for property damage caused by the ongoing conflict.\nProjects with dispersed resources which do not engage the proper stakeholders will cause further\nharm for reconstruction and recovery. The World Bank states emphatically in their review of thirty\nyears of their engagements of housing and finance,\n\n\n_It follows that when managed effectively, shelter policy can be an important source of financial_\n_stability and economic resiliency, as well as a major component of the social development_\n\n\n19 [http://voxukraine.org/2014/12/23/the-concept-of-reforming-of-housing-and-utilities-sector/](http://voxukraine.org/2014/12/23/the-concept-of-reforming-of-housing-and-utilities-sector/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_agenda. Perhaps equally importantly, when shelter policy is not managed effectively, the_\n_housing sector can contribute to financial instability and increased inequality._ _[20]_\n\n\nBeyond the individual housing unit, such projects must also seek to tap into the potential of key\ncatchment areas by improving infrastructure and access to services, while also fostering community\nengagement. Many of these areas have lacked access to capital for such projects and are facing\nadditional pressure stemming from the increase of stable IDPs looking to rebuild their lives in these\ncatchment areas. Ukraine\u2019s lack of a properly developed land market further complicates needed\nreform. City-level initiatives should build on community level engagement (as cited above) to ensure\nproper urban development and fostering of the land market. The path to recovery for Ukraine\u2019s\ncrisis impacted housing sector will be long and difficult, though the opportunities for recovery lie\nthrough establishing robust housing and tenure security.\n\n\nR. Wynveen, I. Chantefort; Shelter Cluster Team for Ukraine, November 2016\n\n\n20 \u201cThirty Years of World Bank Shelter Lending: What have we learned?\u201d\n[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHOUSINGLAND/Resources/339552-](http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHOUSINGLAND/Resources/339552-1153163100518/Thirty_Years_Shelter_Lending.pdf)\n[1153163100518/Thirty_Years_Shelter_Lending.pdf](http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHOUSINGLAND/Resources/339552-1153163100518/Thirty_Years_Shelter_Lending.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f81457f5-2593-3209-8318-6ad062db844d/article_special_shelter_humanitarian_bulletin_prefinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_777/raw/doc_777_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_777/raw/doc_777_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bce2e3a18acae1212fcbb7ddbd8428d1de1edcd1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_777/raw/doc_777_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,783 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **United Nations (UN) and Partners** **Humanitarian Response for Syrian Refugees in Jordan**\n\n# **Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF)** **Basic Needs Sector Gender Analysis Report** **May, 2017**\n\n0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **_Basic Needs Sector Gender Analysis Report_** _May, 2017_\n\n#### **_Prepared by:_** **_Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points_** _Ruba Saleh (Coordination Associate \u2013 Basic Needs UNHCR, Jordan)_ _Email: salehru@unhcr.org_ _Sana Qasmieh (External Relations Manager- ACTED, Jordan)_ _Email: sana.qasmieh@acted.org_ **_Gender Analysis Support Team:_** _Lillie Rosen (Economic Recover and Development Manager \u2013 IRC, Jordan)_ _Email: Lillie.Rosen@rescue.org_ _Dana AL Ahmad, (M&E Officer \u2013 DRC, Jordan)_ _Email: dana.alhamad@drc-jordan.org_ **_With the Technical Support of:_** _Simon Peter Opolot_ _Senior GenCap Adviser, UN and Partners, Jordan (Email address: opolots@unhcr.org;_ _opolot1@un.org)_\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of Contents**\n\n\nAcknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nAbbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\nExecutive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 4\n\n\n1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5\n\n\n2. Objectives of the Gender Analysis ...................................................................................................... 7\n\n\n3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 8\n\n\n3.1 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n4. Findings ....................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n4.1 Selection of targeted population by the Basic Needs sector .................................................. 9\n\n\n4.2 Refugee Community Practices, Cultural and Social roles and Responsibilities .................. 9\n\n\n4.3 What Refugees had before the Crisis, and how these have changed as a result of the\nSyrian conflict ............................................................................................................................................. 10\n\n\n4.4 Basic needs of Specific groups and Persons .............................................................................. 12\n\n\n4.5 Key Performance Indicators ........................................................................................................ 12\n\n\n5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 15\n\n\n6. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\n7. Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\nAppendix 1: Basic Needs Sector Partners ........................................................................................... 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Acknowledgements**\n\n\nThis report is the work of the Inter Agency Task Force (IATF) Basic Needs Sector Gender\nFocal Points, IRC and DRC with the technical support of Senior GenCap Advisers Simon\nOpolot, who guided the design and implementation of the study and data analysis until Nov\n2016. The team would like to thank Basic Needs sector partners for availing the documents\nused in the literature review component of the gender analysis, and the members of Basic\nNeeds Sector Working Group (BNWG) for supporting the process of generating primary data\nfor the gender analysis through organizing and conducting FGD.\n\n\nLastly, this acknowledgement would be incomplete without special appreciation of Volker\nSchimmel (UNHCR) and Elias Jourdi (NRC) (BNWG Coordinator-2016); Elizabeth Barnhart\n(UNHCR) and Fanny Marchand (PU-AMI) (BNWG Coordinator-2017) and the Sector Gender\nFocal Points Network (SGFPN) Co-chairs - Yukiko Koyama (UNHCR) and Katia Urteaga\nVillanueva (UNICEF) - for their leadership oversight during the gender analysis process.\n\n_**Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points:**_\n_Ruba Saleh_\n_Sana Qasmieh_\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Abbreviations**\n\n\n_(Fill in all abbreviations \u2013 Table will be discolored after)_\n\n|WASH|Water, sanitation and Hygiene|\n|---|---|\n|NFIs
|Non-food items
|\n|HYG
|Hygienic
|\n|VAF
|Vulnerability Assessment Framework
|\n|PWD
|Person with disability
|\n|PDM|Post Distribution Monitoring|\n\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\n\n\nThe protracted Syria Crisis, now nearing the end of its sixth year, has forced millions of Syrians\nto seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and beyond. Since 2011,\napproximately 659,828 Syrians (as of May 2017) are living in Jordan, placing further strains on\nJordan\u2019s already fragile economy and public services.\n\n\nAs the crisis becomes increasingly protracted, social and economic factors are continually\nchanging and influencing the overall ability of refugees to secure their basic needs. In situations\nof displacement, such as has been created by the Syrian crisis, there is always loss of personal\nproperty. Very often people flee with little other than the clothes they are wearing. Refugees in\nJordan often arrive with very few possessions and are not prepared for their new situation. The\nmajority of displaced families have used any savings or sold any assets they may have had when\nfleeing Syria.\n\n\nWith limited stable livelihood opportunities in Jordan, Syrian refugees face obstacles to\ndeveloping long-term resilience and self-sufficiency. This depletion of resources means that since\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the onset of the crisis, vulnerable Syrian refugees are struggling to cope with the tremendous\nhardship of covering their own basic needs.\n\n\nThis gender analysis was conducted to assess the gender dimensions of the Basic Needs Sector\nand the challenges that Syrian refugees have encountered in Jordan. Refugee population\ndemographics were analyzed together with refugee community practices, cultural and social\nroles and responsibilities for females and males. In addition to analyzing the special needs of\nelderly and persons with disabilities.\nThe research methodology included desk review and organization of Focus Groups Discussions\n(FGDs) with Syrian refugee women, men, girls and boys in Zaatari camp and in urban settings in\nMafraq and Karak to better understand if displacement has caused any shifts in the gender\naspects and power dynamics within households among female and male members of the family.\nThese FGDs were organized with the support of BNWG members mainly UNHCR, UN\nWomen, ACTED and DRC.\n\n\nThe following recommendations are presented for gender-sensitive delivery of humanitarian\nassistance in the basic needs sector\n\n\n1. In Urban\n\n\n - To continue the current Gender sensitive approach of targeting and providing cash\n\nassistance to the most vulnerable group as it preferred by the refugees and can be better\nutilized to address their own basic needs.\n\n\n - Linkages between basic needs and other sectors such as livelihoods, food security and\n\nWASH to be strengthen, taking into consideration the gaps of funds and limitation of\nassistances and the needs to shift to more sustainable income generating activities.\n\n\n2. In Camps\n\n\n - To consider the gradual shift to cash assistance to replace the delivery of NFI. Meanwhile\n\nfurther attention to be paid to persons with disabilities, elderly; males and females, in\naddition to infants, boys and girls to ensure that their basic needs are fully met and\nconsidered, e.g. diapers for both elderly, for persons with disabilities and infants is a\nregular need and it is not distributed in enough quantities to cover the family\u2019s needs in\ncamps.\n\n\n**1.** **Introduction**\n\nThe protracted Syrian crisis, now in its seventh year, continues to force Syrians to seek refuge\nin the neighboring countries of Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and beyond. Jordan like other host\ncountries is bearing the brunt of the crisis. As of March 2017 approximately 657,000 Syrian\nrefugees have been registered with UNHCR Jordan, putting immense strain on already scarce\nresources, and intensifying competition for basic services.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "gender analysis", - "confidence": 0.8256311416625977, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.5921114087104797, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9098227024078369, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Jordan, around 78.5 % of Syrian refugee live outside camps in rural and urban areas, with the\nhigher concentration percentage in Amman (28%), Irbid (21%) and Mafraq (12%) governorates.\n\n\nDemographics of Syrian refugees show that women represent 51 % of total Syrian population,\nout of which 25.8 % are adult women and 24.8% are Girls [1] . This shows that women represent\nhalf of the Syrian refugee community, as such; gender aspects require further attention to be\nincorporated into the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of both quality and\nimpact.\n\n\nIt is important to consider the cultural background for the Syrian refugees, level of educational\nand pervious occupation when designing, implementing and monitoring projects for refugees.\nStatistics show that 42 % of the Syrian population are originality from Dara\u2019a, 16 % from Homs\nand 12 % from Rural Damascus [2] . Out of the total Syrian population 78% of Syrian reported\nhaving access to Education in Jordan [3] . 36% of the registered female Syrian refugees reported\nbeing housewives in Jordan? As occupation [4] .\n\n\nIn situations of displacement, such as has been created by the Syrian crisis, there is always loss\nof personal property. Very often people flee with little more than the clothes they are wearing.\nRefugees in Jordan often arrive with very few possessions and are not prepared for their new\nsituation. In addition to food, refugees need basic life-saving non-food items (NFIs) for their\nsurvival, including items such as blankets, sleeping mats and plastic sheets to safeguard them\nfrom rain, sun, wind, cold weather and other environmental conditions [5] . Kitchen sets, including\npans, plates and spoons, are essential items for every family. Soap and washing powder are\nnecessary to ensure personal hygiene, and jerry cans are needed to collect drinking water and\nto keep it safe from contamination. Clothes or material for making clothes and shoes may also\nbe needed. In addition, women and girls need sanitary supplies.\n\n\nInterventions in this regard should involve identification of vulnerable individuals with specific\nneeds, such as unaccompanied minors, elderly, women at risk, pregnant and lactating women,\nvictims of trafficking and persons with disabilities. Children, too, have specific needs, especially\nthose who have been orphaned and require baby food, clothes, diapers, etc. The data from\n\u201cVulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF) October Baseline Assessment 2015 of Refugees\nLiving in Urban Areas\u201d show that economic vulnerabilities continued to rise for Syrian refugees\nin 2016, with, 89 per cent of Syrian refugees out-of-camps are living below the Jordanian\npoverty line.\n\n\n1 External Statistical Report on UNHCR Registered Syrians as of 15 March 2017, UNHCR information sharing portal for Syria\nregional refugee response\n\n\n2 Ibid.\n\n\n[3 Education Fact sheet, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73](http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73)\n\n\n4 Occupational Fact Sheet, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=4&view=grid&WG%5B%5D=73\n\n\n5 IASC, 2016.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographics of Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9036192297935486, - "start": 45, - "end": 49 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.887420654296875, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.8872060775756836, - "start": 148, - "end": 149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dara\u2019a", - "confidence": 0.6023986339569092, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6226006150245667, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerability Assessment Framework", - "confidence": 0.9349279999732971, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5082712173461914, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.9593496322631836, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8696956038475037, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9885015487670898, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7280598282814026, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.6633220314979553, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "External Statistical Report", - "confidence": 0.5059899091720581, - "start": 506, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5307373404502869, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7471964359283447, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Basic Needs Sector brings together partners from camp and non-camp settings working on\nthe delivery of basic needs items, including the monetized assistance. The sector effectively\nmerges the Non-Food Items (NFI) and the Cash Assistance Sectors in 2015. The monetized\nassistance also includes broader unconditional cash interventions addressing the needs of Syrian\nwomen, girls, boys and men in the context of Jordan. The main approach of the Basic Needs\nsector is to support and strengthen the link between emergency assistance and durable\nsolutions in responding to the humanitarian crisis. The sector is maintaining a platform such as\nRefugee Assistance Information System (RAIS), Common Cash Facility (CCF), and Vulnerability\nAssessment Framework (VAF) for all partners and stakeholders to coordinate their response\nthrough information sharing, developing of the needs based standards and avoiding overlapping\nof support, providing monitoring of equal access of women, girls, boys and men to assistance\n\n\nAddressing the basic needs of women, girls, boys and men vary according to culture and\ncontext and should correspond to the needs of the affected population and the climate. For\ninstance, sanitary towels and/or women\u2019s hygiene kits should be standard parts of NFI packages,\nbut the types of items included may vary. Thus, before packs are put together it is important\nthat service providers identify what the needs are, and which types of feminine hygiene\nmaterials are most appropriate. This requires consulting with the women to find out their\ncurrent practices and preferences.\n\n\nThe gender analysis should establish (i) Refugee population demographics; (ii) Refugee\ncommunity practices, cultural and social roles and responsibilities in relation to Basic Needs; (iii)\nWhat people had before the crisis; and (iv)the basic needs of specific groups and person and (v)\nreview Gender Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the Basic Needs Sector M&E System.\n\n\n**2.** **Objectives of the Gender Analysis**\n\n\nIn this document the Basic Needs Sector Gender Focal Points in collaboration with sector\npartners undertook situational gender analysis to find out effects and impact of the Syrian\nconflict on gender dynamics and change of roles and relations between men and women within\nhouseholds.\n\n\nThe gender analysis also generates gender related data/information to inform design,\nimplementation, monitoring and evaluation of interventions in the Basic Needs sector to make\nsure that gender mainstreaming is integrated in all stages of the projects lifecycle.\n\n\nThe specific objectives of the gender analysis are to:\n\n\n1. Understand and assess the current gender perspectives and views of the targeted\n\npopulations and what are the factors that impact / affect these gender perspectives.\n\n\n2. Assess refugee community practices, cultural and social roles and responsibilities in\n\nrelation to Basic Needs\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Assistance Information System", - "confidence": 0.9937492609024048, - "start": 107, - "end": 111 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RAIS", - "confidence": 0.9900423288345337, - "start": 112, - "end": 113 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.945493757724762, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected population", - "confidence": 0.5289521813392639, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Common Cash Facility", - "confidence": 0.7971757054328918, - "start": 115, - "end": 118 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CCF", - "confidence": 0.5574937462806702, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Key Performance Indicators", - "confidence": 0.8680998682975769, - "start": 334, - "end": 338 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KPIs", - "confidence": 0.9788434505462646, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Identify what refugees had before the crisis, and how these have changed as a result of\n\nthe Syrian conflict.\n\n\n4. Establish the basic needs of specific groups and persons.\n\n\n5. Review Gender Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the Basic Needs Sector M&E\n\nSystem.\n\n\n**3.** **Methodology**\n\nQuantitative and qualitative methods were used to answer gender analysis questions. Data was\ncollected using different methods including desk review (extracting both quantitative and\nqualitative information), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in camps and urban areas with men,\nwomen, girls and boys.\n\n\nIn addition, quantitative data obtained from VAF [6] including the finding of women at risk\nrepresent around 3 % of total Syrian refugees\u2019 population. Children at risk group represent 7 %.\n24.8 % of total registered Syrian refugees are teen females aged 0-17 years old.\n\n\nWith regard to the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 10 FGDs were conducted by the basic\nneeds sector partners, 3 FGDs in Zaatari camp, 4 in Mafraq and 3 in Karak. The total of 100\nindividual out of whom are 60 % females and 40 % males attended the focus group discussion as\ntargeted women, men, girls and boys aged 18-30 years old and more than 30 years old in\nseparate settings, with the aim of understating how the civil war in Syria and displacement has\naffected the roles, responsibilities, relations and power dynamics of each group and among each\nother.\n\n\n**3.1** **Data Analysis**\n\n\nQualitative data from FGDs was categorised at gender analysis objective level with analysis of\ntrends in each objective - by grouping similar responses on each gender dimension. Quantitative\nmethods were used to analyse the data with tabulations and frequencies to supplement the\nqualitative data. Triangulation of these methods was used to confirm validity of data and\nreliability was ensured through use of standard data collection tools.\n\n**4.** **Findings**\n\n\n6 VAF Statistical report from UNHCR interagency portal \u2013 March,2017\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Key Performance Indicators", - "confidence": 0.593262791633606, - "start": 38, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.5991008877754211, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KPIs", - "confidence": 0.7562219500541687, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.5676596760749817, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9433716535568237, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8721787929534912, - "start": 96, - "end": 99 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7031426429748535, - "start": 100, - "end": 101 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.8125054836273193, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.846275806427002, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF", - "confidence": 0.7692050933837891, - "start": 123, - "end": 124 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.7601718902587891, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8707005977630615, - "start": 140, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.7865432500839233, - "start": 174, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.6521120071411133, - "start": 295, - "end": 297 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Zaatari camp", - "confidence": 0.7654353976249695, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8620468378067017, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF Statistical report", - "confidence": 0.7931172847747803, - "start": 376, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9499061703681946, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**4.1**_ **Selection of targeted population by the Basic Needs sector**\n\n\nThe Basic Needs sector identified the use of coping strategies, high dependency ratios, high\nlevels of debt and a low level of expenditure per capita as the critical elements contributing to a\nrisk of increased vulnerability [7] . Families who exhibit these characteristics are considered to be\nunlikely to be able provide for their Basic Needs and would therefore be in need of sector\nspecific assistance packages. High levels of debt per capita, low levels of expenditure per capita,\nhigh dependency ratios and the adoption of crisis or emergency coping mechanism make\nfamilies vulnerable in this sector.\n\n\nMany families have depleted all assets and are living in unfurnished or semi-furnished apartments\nwithout access to regular income or financial support that would allow them to manage their\nown needs. Using VAF allows the Basic Needs sector to prioritize the assistance to the most\nvulnerable. [8]\n\n\nIn Jordan, More than 406,762 individuals were reached with multi-purpose cash assistance. Basic\nNeeds Partners were able to provide enhanced winterization assistance to more than 350,000\nindividuals. The assistance included winterization cash assistance, in-kind donations and shelter\nmaintenance. Basic Needs partners provided NFI support to approximately 141,045 individuals\nin Zaatari and Azraq Camps.\n\n\n**4.2** **Refugee Community Practices, Cultural and Social roles and Responsibilities**\n\n\nThe focus group discussions conducted by ACTED, DRC and UN-Women in various locations\nwhether in Zaatari camp or urban areas in Mafraq or Karak, have unveiled that the crisis in\nSyria has played a substantial role in changing what the family expects from both women and\nmen in terms of roles and responsibilities.\n\n\nThe FGDs conducted have revealed that men or boys go most of the times to collect the\ndistributed basic needs as there are not well-organized segregation among males and females at\nthe distribution points.\n\n\nWomen and girls start to get more involved in social and economic life. Many started working\noutside the home in farms and other types of businesses. Support the male members in buying\nfood stuff from shops. However, there are many restrictions to work of women given certain\nconditions when the work place is far away from home. Shifting in roles and responsibilities of\nwomen and girls at household level has been associated with some protection risks that should\nbe supported by the relevant protection actors.\n\n\n7 VAF Sector Tree Review 2016\n\n\n8 VAF score for vulnerabilities as follow: 1 = Low vulnerability, 2= Moderate vulnerability, 3 = high vulnerability, 4 = Severe\nvulnerability\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.3** **What Refugees had before the Crisis, and how these have changed as a result**\n**of the Syrian conflict**\n\n\nSyrian refugees themselves indicated to the assessment teams of basic needs sector partners\nthat their living conditions and well-being was better and much easier when they were living in\nSyria before the crisis compared to their living situation in Jordan after displacement, though\nthey have been receiving assistance and support from many humanitarian organizations.\n\n\nBefore the Syria crisis:\n\n\nThe situation was pretty better, where all of them were having houses, lands and private\nWASH facilities, access to water and sanitation network, enough and good water quality. Also\nthey got used to purchase brand new clothes in Syria. Had all of what they need from hygienic\nitems such as soap, shampoo, cleaning materials, towels and others They were also doing\nhousehold farming and consuming the vegetables that they were growing in their gardens and\ntherefore, do not purchase from outside markets.\n\n\nThe men were the ones mainly responsible of securing the income for the household in Syria\nand they were working in various jobs, mainly farming; governmental sector, some had their\nown shops. As such, the socioeconomic situation was much better back home in Syria before\ndisplacing to Jordan.\n\n\nAfter the Syria crisis and displacement to Jordan:\n\n\nBased on VAF statistics 41,000 cases are considered vulnerable and in need for financial\nsupport. Findings form UNHCR post monitoring exercise for vulnerable cases receiving cash\nassistance revealed that 85% the received cash assistance is spent on covering the house rent,\nutilities and Household Items The decision of spending the assistance is most often taken by the\nhead of the household with consultation with other household members [9] .\n\n\nAs the conflict in Syria is in its Six year, millions have been displaced internally inside Syria and\nexternally in nearby countries. In a study conducted by Care International in March, 2016, it was\nfound that up to 35 % of households in neighboring refugee -hosting countries are femaleheaded10. 22 % of women were active in economic activities in 2010 before the crisis11.\n\n\nThe cultural roles and responsibilities among women and men in Syria are simulated to what\nthey are in the traditional Arabic culture, where men are usually are the ones financially\nresponsible of households while women get used to have the roles of taking care of the family\nand children.\n\n\nSix years of civil war and multiple displacements have triggered fundamental shifts in Syrian\ngender roles and responsibilities, both in Syria and in neighboring countries. Syrian women are\nseeking more roles to improve their livelihoods especially the female headed households\n\n\n9 UNHCR 2016 Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) on Cash Based Intervention (CBI).\n\n\n10 Factsheet on Syrian women and the struggle to survive five years of conflict by Care International - March,2016\n\n\n11 Care International Study on Syrian women and the struggle to survive five years of conflict \u2013 March, 2016.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF statistics", - "confidence": 0.9962116479873657, - "start": 253, - "end": 255 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7910358309745789, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8651175498962402, - "start": 493, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.8786907196044922, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.924737274646759, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8644693493843079, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6820117831230164, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female headed households", - "confidence": 0.8404420018196106, - "start": 487, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "through engagement in economic activities to meet the basic needs of their families from shelter\nto food to basic non-food items such as winterization kits.\n\n\nThere are close linkages between basic needs and livelihoods sectors, where women and girls\nstarted gaining more roles and contributions in economic activities, especially in agriculture in\nJordan to support increasing the income of their families and thus addressing their basic needs..\n\n\nGenerally speaking, women and girls face specific vulnerabilities during flight as a result of forced\ndisplacement due to the wars and conflicts. Some of which includes; Increased risk of sexual and\ngender based violence and lack of gender sensitive services and humanitarian assistance. The\nchanges in the roles among men and women have had an impact on the relations among the\ncouples at households and it may lead to some problems due to the changes in the power\ndynamics, mainly the gender based violence. However, none of the women participated in the\nFGDs expressed that they have suffered from GBV or any kind of domestic violence due to\ntheir enrollment in economic activities outside their homes. The FGDs did not really cover the\nsubject of GBV and if it was faced by the targeted women.\n\n\nInadequate assistance may result in women prioritizing the needs of their husbands and children\nto the detriment of their health and well-being [12] . Difficulties in providing support to\npopulations in camps and transit areas: lack of clear information, lack of time and privacy to\nbuild trust with women may hamper women and girls from accessing basic services and leaves\nthem more vulnerable.\n\n\nRestricted access to livelihoods due to the war and the displacement of Syrian refugees have\nopened windows to make shifts in gender roles and acceptance for the participation of women\nin social and economic life. The length and nature of the conflict itself enforced families to\nswitch from their traditional thinking and accept for women to have more access to services\nsuch as education, markets and jobs.\n\n\nACTED, a key WASH actor in Zaatari could succeed in breaking cultural taboos through\nawareness and sensitization campaigns of the social mobilization team that could convince\nwomen to join the activity of incentives based volunteering (IBV) cleaning activity. Currently, 30\n% of the community cleaners in Zaatari camp are women, who accepted to enroll in this work\nto make living and purchase basic needs for their households such as food items, hygienic kits\nand other basic items.\n\n\n12 GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.4** **Basic needs of specific groups and persons**\n\n\nThe focus groups discussions with Syrian refugees have shown that different groups have\ndifferent needs. Women should have access to certain hygienic items and tools regularly such\nas the hygienic kits.\n\n\nThere are specific types of clothes and shoes needed for women, men, boys and girls to suit the\nseason and cultural norms, especially for women, where women need o get dignity clothes such\nas long dresses and scarves. Other items were missing in the packages being distributed is the\nunderwear for both sexes and all ages. Size of shoes and color of clothes were issues for the\nrefugees, where the kit should include various sizes of shoes to fit the different needs of the\nfamily members. Also, they prefer dark color for the clothes, so they sustain the bad conditions\nin the camps and do not need to clean them more often.\n\n\nMost families cannot afford to buy them or buy used ones due to cash shortages. It has been\nmentioned that none of the organizations have distributed diapers for elderly people and which\nare needed by many families and are very expensive to purchase. Therefore, cash modality can\nrepresent a good solution, so every family use the cash assistance to meet its specific needs and\npriorities.\n\n\nDisabled people receive some attention from certain organizations, but still many of their basic\nneeds are not met yet. Babies and infants need to obtain milk formulas and baby napkins. Most\nfamilies complained about shortage of milk and infants supply for them. Distribution sites are\nsafe for targeted people, but most of the time, distance is a problem, and most sites are far\naway from where people live especially in urban areas were transportation is not provided and\nthe distribution points are far away to carry all of the items being granted to the family In\naddition, distribution points in camps are crowded and do not provide seats, so people keep\nstanding during the distribution.\n\n\nOut of the 41,000 cases considered vulnerable and in need for financial support based on VAF\nassessment; 42 % are Women, 15 % are Elderly and 6 % are Person with disabilities13.\n\n\n**4.5** **Key Performance Indicators**\n\n\nThe reporting of Basic Needs indicators on the M&E system (Activity info for Inter-Agency\nappeal partners\u2019) considered to be gender sensitive as it provide statistics related to the\nservices provided to women, men, boys and girls.\n\n\nThe basic needs key project covers camps and urban sittings. In 2016, the reporting of activities\nof Basic Needs sector reveled the following in term of gender sensitivity:\n\n**Camp Interventions**\n\n\n13 Data obtained for UNHCR \u2013VAF assessments as of March 2017.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "VAF\nassessment", - "confidence": 0.8167042136192322, - "start": 386, - "end": 388 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "M&E system", - "confidence": 0.6298096776008606, - "start": 428, - "end": 432 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "reporting of Basic Needs indicators", - "confidence": 0.6806251406669617, - "start": 421, - "end": 426 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps and urban sittings", - "confidence": 0.5853124856948853, - "start": 470, - "end": 474 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7821328043937683, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting of activities\nof Basic Needs sector", - "confidence": 0.9520568251609802, - "start": 479, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8028711080551147, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9769448041915894, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR \u2013VAF assessments", - "confidence": 0.8466569185256958, - "start": 505, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5449393391609192, - "start": 512, - "end": 513 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1)** **New Arrival kits in camps** : includes Non-Food items such as mattresses, blankets, stoves, gas\n\ncylinder, solar lanterns and hygiene kits. In 2016, the Basic needs sector provided this\nintervention to approximately 101,828 individuals.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe number of achievement\nwas much higher than the\nplanned target, due to the\nentry of new arrivals in\nAzraq camp from border\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2)** **Replenishment/Replacement kits** - A quarterly assistance provided to cover for depleted\n\nitem such as dippers, sanitary napkins, hygiene kits and fuel.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe achievements were lower\nthan the planned target. This\nintervention was not\neffectively implemented as\nplaned as the focus was shifted\nto cover the needs of newly\narrival refugees in Azraq camp\nas above\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3)** Winterization needs in camps \u2013 Non Food items and Standard winterization cash assistance\n\nbased on the winterization task force guidelines.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe number of achievements\nwere much higher than the\nplanned target, due to the\nneed to cover the\nwinterization needs of newly\narrived refugees in Azraq\ncamp _._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Urban Interventions**\n\n\n1) **Support toward basic needs** - provision of multipurpose cash assistance cash\n\nassistance in Urban\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGap of funds for this\nintervention affected the\nsector ability to respond\neffectivity to the needs of\nthe most vulnerable\nindividuals residing in urban.\n\nOnly 74% of the planned\nbudget were received to\nsupport the delivery of\nmultipurpose cash\n\nassistance.\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2) Winterization needs out of camps \u2013 standard winterization cash assistance based on\n\nthe winterization task force guidelines.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOnly 65% of the planned\nbudget were received to\nsupport the delivery of\nwinterization assistance\nin Urban, thus affecting\nthe sector ability to\nprovide support to the\nvulnerable girls and boys\nin urban as planned by\nthe sector.\n\n\n\n**5.** **Conclusions**\n\nThe focus group discussions organized by the partners of Basic Need Working Group in Zaatari\ncamp and in urban areas in Mafraq and Karak has revealed that substantial changes took place\ndue to the Syrian crisis on the social and cultural norms, roles and responsibilities of men and\nwomen, where engagement of women in the public life, especially in livelihood and economic\nactivities has been accepted and even supported by male family members.\n\n\nIn short, the Syrian crisis and the displacement of families have led to notable changes in the\ntraditional roles of women and men at household levels. Women are more empowered and\nmen are getting more supportive and understanding of increasing involvement of women in the\npublic life.\n\nNext gender analysis is recommended to investigate the following issues, and which were not\naddressed in this gender analysis; mainly they are:\n1. How these changes in the roles of women and men at households have affected the family\n\nrelations and dynamics, and if they led to any tensions or domestic violence\n2. For cash based interventions, who prefers this modality, and if it is gender based preference.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Concerning the cash based assistance delivered by the humanitarian organizations to the\n\nSyrian refugees. A research is needed to find out the share of decisions among the\nhousehold members regarding the types of items / services that will be purchased using the\ncash being distributed as part of the emergency assistance programmes.\n\n**6.** **Recommendations**\n\n\n**3.** **In Urban**\n\n\n - To continue the current Gender sensitive approach of targeting and providing cash\n\nassistance to the most vulnerable group as it preferred by the refugees and can be better\nutilized to address their own basic needs.\n\n\n - Linkages between basic needs and other sectors such as livelihoods, food security and\n\nWASH to be strengthen taking into consideration the gaps of funds and limitation of\nassistances and the needs to shift to more sustainable income generating activities.\n\n**4.** **In Camp**\n\n\n - To consider the gradual shift to cash assistance to replace the delivery of NFI. Meanwhile\n\nfurther attention to be paid to persons with disabilities, elderly; males and females, in\naddition to infants, boys and girls to ensure that their basic needs are fully met and\nconsidered, e.g. diapers for both elderly, persons with disabilities and infants is a regular\nneed and it is not distributed in enough quantities to cover the family\u2019s needs in camps.\n\n\n**7.** **Appendices**\n\n\n**Appendix 1: Basic Needs Sector Partners**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Refugee Camp|Partners|\n|---|---|\n|
**Zataari**
|UN Women
|\n|
**Zataari**
|UNHCR
|\n|
**Zataari**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Zataari**
|ACTED
|\n|
**Zataari**
|NRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|ACTED
|\n|
**Azraq**
|UNHCR
|\n|
**Azraq**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Azraq**
|DRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|CARE
|\n|
**Azraq**
|NRC
|\n|
**Azraq**
|ACF
|\n||ACTED|\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Mafraq|UNHCR|\n|---|---|\n|
**Mafraq**
|Save the Children
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|OXFAM
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|JHCO
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|CARE
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|PU-AMI
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|IRC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|IOCC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|ICMC
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|Caritas
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|MEDAIR
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|UNICEF
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|INTERSOS
|\n|
**Mafraq**
|WVI
|\n|**Irbid**
|ACTED
|\n|**Irbid**
|UNHCR
|\n|**Irbid**
|Save the Children
|\n|**Irbid**
|OXFAM
|\n|**Irbid**
|JHCO
|\n|**Irbid**
|GRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|CARE
|\n|**Irbid**
|UNICEF
|\n|**Irbid**
|MEDAIR
|\n|**Irbid**
|NRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|WVI
|\n|**Irbid**
|ACF
|\n|**Irbid**
|Caritas
|\n|**Irbid**
|CARE
|\n|**Irbid**
|IRC
|\n|**Irbid**
|ICMC
|\n|**Irbid**
|IOCC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|DRC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|AVSI
|\n|**Zarqa**
|UNHCR
|\n|**Zarqa**
|CARE
|\n|**Zarqa**
|Caritas
|\n|**Zarqa**
|IOCC
|\n|**Zarqa**
|MEDAIR
|\n|**Zarqa**
|UNICEF
|\n|**Zarqa**
|Save the Children
|\n|**Zarqa**
|PU-AMI
|\n|**Cyber City Refugee Camp**|ACTED|\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d11f6c95-ae97-3b70-8a65-3addd9443227/bn-gender-analysis-report-final%5B1%5D.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_778/raw/doc_778_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_778/raw/doc_778_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 716c2d93c31c211455d7abae629a8b28f7eb791a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_778/raw/doc_778_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Ce document a \u00e9t\u00e9 produit sur la base d'une matrice de donn\u00e9es secondaires compil\u00e9es par le Domaine de_\n_Responsabilit\u00e9 Global de la Protection de l'Enfance (CP AoR) en utilisant les Normes minimales comme_\n_cadre d'analyse. Tous les points de donn\u00e9es sont des citations de la matrice de donn\u00e9es secondaires qui_\n_ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compar\u00e9es et interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es, mais non triangul\u00e9es ou v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es. Les informations pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans ce_\n_document couvrent une p\u00e9riode de 7 ans (de 2011 \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2019). Les donn\u00e9es recueillies couvrent le Burkina_\n_Faso et portent sur l'impact des crises en cours dans les pays voisins. Les chiffres mentionn\u00e9s comprennent_\n_des donn\u00e9es recueillies par des recherches men\u00e9es par des organisations internationales, des_\n_organisations non gouvernementales, des universit\u00e9s ou par la presse nationale et r\u00e9gionale._\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Table des mati\u00e8res**\n\n**Infographique** **........................................................................................................................................................ 4**\n\n\n**Protection globale** **............................................................................................................................................... 5**\n\n\n**Protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'enfance** **....................................................................................................................... 7**\n\n\n**Dangers et blessures** **............................................................................................................................................ 8**\n\n\n**Violence sexiste** **.................................................................................................................................................... 9**\n\n\n**Mariage d'enfants** **.............................................................................................................................................. 10**\n\n\n**D\u00e9tresse psychosociale et sant\u00e9 mentale** **..................................................................................................... 11**\n\n\n**Enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces arm\u00e9es et aux groupes arm\u00e9s** **....................................................................... 12**\n\n\n**Enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s** **............................................................................................................ 12**\n\n\n**Travail des enfants** **............................................................................................................................................ 13**\n\n\n**Enl\u00e8vement et traite des personnes** **.............................................................................................................. 15**\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Infographique**\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Protection globale**\n\nLe 19 ao\u00fbt 2019, au moins 24 soldats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s lors d'une attaque terroriste majeure contre\n\n\nune base militaire dans la province de Soum au nord du Burkina Faso [1] . Peu de temps avant, le\n\n\n26 mai 2019, une \u00e9glise chr\u00e9tienne de Toulfe, dans la r\u00e9gion nord du Burkina Faso, \u00e9tait\n\n\n\u00e9galement la cible de terroristes, tuant quatre personnes et provoquant la panique dans le village.\n\n\nUne semaine auparavant, quatre r\u00e9sidents catholiques avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par balle dans une\n\n\nprocession religieuse. [2] Ces attaques sont les plus r\u00e9centes perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es dans le pays depuis le\n\n\nd\u00e9clenchement des r\u00e9voltes en 2014.\n\n\nLe d\u00e9but de l'instabilit\u00e9 aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 dans le cadre du soul\u00e8vement burkinab\u00e9, qui a donn\u00e9 lieu\n\n\n\u00e0 la d\u00e9mission forc\u00e9e de Blaise Compaor\u00e9. L'ancien pr\u00e9sident, contraint de quitter ses fonctions\n\n\nen 2014, apr\u00e8s 27 ans de mandat, a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par une s\u00e9rie de chefs d'\u00c9tat de transition\n\n\njusqu'aux \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de 2015, qui ont vu arriver le premier dirigeant civil \u00e9lu depuis pr\u00e8s\n\n\nde 50 ans, le pr\u00e9sident Roch Marc Christian Kabor\u00e9. Par la suite, un nouveau gouvernement a\n\n\n\u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9.\n\n\nL'ancien pr\u00e9sident avait conclu des accords de longue date avec divers groupes arm\u00e9s insurg\u00e9s\n\n\nde la r\u00e9gion, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rompus \u00e0 la suite de sa d\u00e9mission. Depuis lors, les attaques des groupes\n\n\narm\u00e9s se sont multipli\u00e9es, faisant un certain nombre de victimes et entra\u00eenant des d\u00e9placements.\n\n\nLes conflits internes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9s par les griefs intercommunautaires entre\n\n\n\u00e9leveurs et agriculteurs, ainsi que par les tensions ethniques - les principales ethnies qui\n\n\ncomposent la population burkinab\u00e9 \u00e9tant Gourmantch\u00e9, Zaouss\u00e9, Yaana, Mossi et Peuhl. Dans\n\n\nle cas des populations musulmane et peulh, leurs diff\u00e9rends de longue date sur la terre ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nexacerb\u00e9s par l'identification des Peulhs \u00e0 la croisade djihadiste, ce qui a stigmatis\u00e9 leur peuple\n\n\net d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une flamb\u00e9e de violence contre eux. [3]\n\n\nPourtant, les hostilit\u00e9s ne se terminent pas au niveau national. Pays enclav\u00e9, le Burkina Faso a\n\n\ndes fronti\u00e8res avec le Mali, le Niger, le B\u00e9nin, le Togo, le Ghana et la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire ; une grande\n\n\npartie de ces fronti\u00e8res constitue une menace pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 burkinab\u00e9. En fait, les m\u00e9dias ont\n\n\nr\u00e9cemment affirm\u00e9 que les terroristes cherchent refuge dans les pays voisins - B\u00e9nin, Togo et\n\n\nGhana - ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 un effort accru de coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re pour leur identification\n\n\net leur captivit\u00e9. [4]\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Au Mali, les r\u00e9gions du Centre et du Nord sont troubl\u00e9es depuis 2011 par la pr\u00e9sence du groupe\n\n\nterroriste Al-Qa\u00efda, qui a in\u00e9vitablement cr\u00e9\u00e9 des troubles le long des 826 milles de fronti\u00e8re\n\n\npartag\u00e9e entre les deux pays.\n\n\nDe plus, les groupes arm\u00e9s au Burkina Faso ont prosp\u00e9r\u00e9 en raison de l'instabilit\u00e9 de leurs\n\n\nvoisins. L'un des groupes nationaux du nord du pays est dirig\u00e9 par des miliciens form\u00e9s au Mali.\n\n\nAlors qu'\u00e0 l'Est, les attaques auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Information \u00e0 partir du\n\n\nNiger.\n\n\nEn cons\u00e9quence, en 2018, 14 \u00c9tats sur 45 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9s en \u00e9tat d'urgence par le\n\n\nGouvernement. De janvier 2018 \u00e0 mai 2019, 410 bless\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s dans le pays et, en\n\n\njuin 2019, 2 024 \u00e9coles et 16 \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9 avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s. [5]\n\n\nMetsi Makheta, le Coordinateur r\u00e9sident des Nations Unies au Burkina Faso, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 en mai\n\n\n2019 que plus de 50 000 familles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es de fuir leurs maisons pour trouver un\n\n\nenvironnement plus s\u00fbr depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise. [6]\n\n\nAu [ 6] juin 2019, le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es s'\u00e9levait \u00e0 170 000, un nombre qui a tripl\u00e9\n\n\ndepuis le d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e. La grande majorit\u00e9 de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e (95%) s'est install\u00e9e\n\n\ndans des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil aux ressources limit\u00e9es. 15 000 personnes ont cherch\u00e9 refuge\n\n\ndans les pays voisins, dont le Mali. En avril 2019, 59% de ces personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e9taient des\n\n\nenfants. [7]\n\n\nEn juin 2019, le HCR a plaid\u00e9 en faveur du besoin d'abris pour la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur\n\n\ndu pays. La commissaire reconna\u00eet que de nombreuses familles, y compris leurs enfants, dorment\n\n\nactuellement \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile. Le manque d'abris expose la population \u00e0 des risques pour la\n\n\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9, ce qui constitue une pr\u00e9occupation plus importante dans un pays\n\n\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement menac\u00e9 par des catastrophes naturelles et des conditions climatiques difficiles. [8]\n\n\nLe Conseil danois pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et le HCR ont signal\u00e9 plusieurs attaques de diverses natures\n\n\nau cours du mois d'avril 2019, notamment des attaques contre des villages par des groupes\n\n\nd'opposition arm\u00e9s, des attaques contre des lieux de culte, des incidents intercommunautaires,\n\n\ndes enl\u00e8vements, des vols de v\u00e9hicules des travailleurs humanitaires, des vols \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e et\n\n\ndes actes criminels. Les [9] journalistes s'accordent \u00e0 dire que la situation d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 cr\u00e9e des\n\n\ntensions entre les communaut\u00e9s d'accueil, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ce qui conduit\n\n\n\u00e0 la torture pour extorsion d'aveux, assassinats cibl\u00e9s, vols, enl\u00e8vements, pillages de biens par\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s et points de contr\u00f4le ill\u00e9gaux qui restreignent les\n\n\nd\u00e9placements. [10]\n\n\nSelon l'Aper\u00e7u humanitaire d'OCHA, au [ 21] ao\u00fbt 2019, les attaques arm\u00e9es et l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\n\ncontinuent d'affecter certaines parties du nord et de l'est du Burkina Faso. La violence constante\n\n\ndans ces zones a conduit \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et \u00e0 un nombre croissant de personnes\n\n\nayant besoin d'assistance et de protection. Fin ao\u00fbt, plus de 270 000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\n\n\nvivaient dans des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil ou des sites de d\u00e9placement dans les r\u00e9gions du\n\n\nCentre-Nord, de l'Est, du Nord et du Sahel, et pr\u00e8s de 1,3 million de personnes avaient besoin\n\n\nd'assistance et de protection, dont 800 000 touch\u00e9es par la violence et l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n## **Protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'enfance**\n\n\nLes menaces croissantes de groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents dans le nord et une s\u00e9rie de\n\n\nmanifestations sociales ont gravement affect\u00e9 la r\u00e9alisation des droits de l'enfant.\n\n\nAu [6] juin 2019, 2 024 \u00e9coles avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es au Burkina Faso, dont beaucoup avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nincendi\u00e9es et le mat\u00e9riel scolaire d\u00e9truit. Les attaques ont touch\u00e9 330 000 enfants, les privant\n\n\nd'\u00e9ducation. En outre, 9 280 enseignants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s ; bien qu'il n'y ait pas suffisamment de\n\n\ndonn\u00e9es \u00e0 ce sujet, les rapports indiquent que beaucoup ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, menac\u00e9s ou enlev\u00e9s. On\n\n\ns'inqui\u00e8te de plus en plus de l'avenir des enfants burkinab\u00e9s, qui ont vu leur \u00e9ducation\n\n\ninterrompue et sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une situation d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9placement qui ne peut que\n\n\nprolonger le sc\u00e9nario actuel.\n\n\nDans ses observations finales sur le septi\u00e8me rapport p\u00e9riodique du Burkina Faso en octobre\n\n\n2017, le Comit\u00e9 pour l'\u00e9limination de la discrimination \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des femmes a not\u00e9 que, malgr\u00e9\n\n\nle cadre juridique r\u00e9gissant l'acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 au Burkina Faso et les efforts du pays\n\n\npour enregistrer les naissances, 20 % des enfants ne sont pas enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 la naissance, ce qui\n\n\nles expose au risque de devenir apatrides et emp\u00eache leur acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels [11] . En\n\n\n2019, 22% des enfants ne sont pas enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 la naissance au Burkina Faso, 60% dans la\n\n\nr\u00e9gion du Sahel et 40 % dans l\u2019est \u2014 les r\u00e9gions les plus touch\u00e9es par la violence. L\u2019absence\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019enregistrement des naissances pr\u00e9sente des risques suppl\u00e9mentaires pour les enfants, car elle\n\n\nentrave le regroupement familial et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents services (tels que la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9ducation).\n\n\nUn recensement effectu\u00e9 par le Gouvernement en 2013 a identifi\u00e9 79 617 enfants handicap\u00e9s,\n\n\ndont 31 491 filles et 48 126 gar\u00e7ons. [12] Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que les handicaps doublent l\u2019exposition \u00e0\n\n\nla violence, aux mauvais traitements, \u00e0 la discrimination, \u00e0 la n\u00e9gligence et aux abus au Burkina\n\n\nFaso.\n\n\nChaque ann\u00e9e, 500 enfants mineurs sont en conflit avec la loi, dont 20 % sont des filles. Les\n\n\nenfants vivant dans les m\u00e9nages les plus pauvres seraient plus susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre priv\u00e9s de\n\n\nservices de base, en particulier d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de protection. [13]\n\n\nApr\u00e8s les \u00e9v\u00e9nements fatidiques qui se sont produits \u00e0 Yirgou en janvier 2019, au cours desquels\n\n\n49 Peuls ont perdu la vie dans ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9 de massacre ethnique, un rapport conjoint de\n\n\nhuit organisations internationales a identifi\u00e9 les principales menaces auxquelles les filles et les\n\n\ngar\u00e7ons des zones touch\u00e9es sont confront\u00e9s : le mariage des enfants, les MGF, la violence et les\n\n\npires formes du travail des enfants. Dans tous les domaines, la mission a signal\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes\n\n\nsuivants : perte de documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil (par exemple, certificats d\u2019enregistrement des\n\n\nnaissances) parmi les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ; cas d\u2019orphelins, de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, de femmes\n\n\nvivant seules et d\u2019enfants souffrant de malnutrition ; cas d\u2019enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s ;\n\n\ntraumatisme (r\u00e9sultant de pertes humaines ou mat\u00e9rielles) ; enfants et adultes souffrant de\n\n\ntroubles du sommeil ; s\u00e9paration homme et femmes dans les camps ; et promiscuit\u00e9 croissante,\n\n\nentra\u00eenant une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 croissante des femmes et adolescentes. [14]\n\n## **Dangers et blessures**\n\n\nLe taux de violence physique envers les enfants est, selon la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tude d'ACC [15], de 15,6%\n\n\npour les enfants de 12 \u00e0 17 ans ; ce taux est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour les enfants de 0 \u00e0 11 ans, avec\n\n\n24,9% des enfants souffrant de violence physique, tandis que la violence psychologique affecte\n\n\n25,7% des enfants de 12 \u00e0 17 ans, et 27,2% des enfants de 0 \u00e0 11 ans. Il existe \u00e9galement des\n\n\ndisparit\u00e9s selon le groupe d'\u00e2ge et la r\u00e9gion g\u00e9ographique. Au total, ce rapport estime qu'un\n\n\nenfant sur quatre au Burkina Faso est affect\u00e9 par au moins un type de violence. Le foyer pour\n\n\nenfants est le premier lieu o\u00f9 la violence se produit (jusqu'\u00e0 75% des cas notifi\u00e9s), tandis que\n\n\nl'\u00e9cole est le deuxi\u00e8me lieu (environ 20% des cas).\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Depuis le d\u00e9but des tensions, les enfants constituent le segment le plus vuln\u00e9rable de la\n\n\npopulation et le plus gravement touch\u00e9 par les attaques. Certains \u00e9coliers auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, bien\n\n\nqu'il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 ce sujet.\n\n\nLes tensions intercommunautaires, la criminalit\u00e9 et les attaques arm\u00e9es constituent des risques\n\n\ncroissants pour les enfants burkinab\u00e9s, car ils sont victimes du conflit en cours. En outre, les\n\n\nmeurtres d'adultes portent atteinte \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la famille, car de nombreux enfants ont perdu\n\n\nl'un de leurs parents ou les deux dans le conflit.\n\n\nComme le rapporte Save the Children, parmi toutes les attaques qui ont eu lieu de janvier \u00e0\n\n\nd\u00e9cembre 2018, 37% ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es contre des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. Le Burkina Faso a\n\n\nratifi\u00e9 la D\u00e9claration sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles et, en outre, il a pris des engagements\n\n\nimportants en faveur de la poursuite de l'\u00e9ducation des enfants touch\u00e9s, notamment en\n\n\nr\u00e9int\u00e9grant les enfants dans des \u00e9coles ouvertes, en reconstruisant les installations\n\n\nendommag\u00e9es et en lan\u00e7ant un programme radio qui permet aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves de continuer \u00e0 apprendre\n\n\n\u00e0 distance. [16]\n\n## **Violence sexiste**\n\n\nSelon une \u00e9tude de l'Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population publi\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2018,\n\n\n3,1% des 12-17 ans ont subi des violences sexuelles au cours des 12 derniers mois. L'\u00e9tude a\n\n\nmontr\u00e9 que les filles sont plus sujettes \u00e0 ce type de violence (5,7%) que les gar\u00e7ons (0,8%). [17]\n\n\nLes principaux auteurs de violences sexuelles \u00e9taient des amis, des partenaires et des voisins\n\n\nde la victime, tandis que les endroits o\u00f9 la violence se produisait le plus souvent \u00e9taient l'\u00e9cole,\n\n\nsuivie de la r\u00e9sidence de l'auteur, de la r\u00e9sidence de la victime et de la rue. [18]\n\n\nToutefois, il convient de noter que les questions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9es par les parents et les tuteurs, et\n\n\nnon par les enfants eux-m\u00eames. Cela signifie que les parents/tuteurs responsables d'un abus ne\n\n\nse d\u00e9clareront pas coupables, certains prot\u00e9geront l'agresseur et d'autres ne seront peut-\u00eatre pas\n\n\nau courant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, parce que les enfants ne les ont pas signal\u00e9s. [19]\n\n\nBien qu'il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 ce sujet, les filles employ\u00e9es comme\n\n\ndomestiques ont parfois signal\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de mauvais traitements pendant leur s\u00e9jour\n\n\ndans les locaux du \"propri\u00e9taire\" (les \"propri\u00e9taires\" sont des personnes de la m\u00eame communaut\u00e9\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "qui servent d'interm\u00e9diaires lorsque la fille arrive dans son nouveau logement, ce qui lui fournit\n\n\nun filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, comme un logement, des contacts pour trouver un emploi et un soutien\n\n\npotentiel autre). Ils consid\u00e8rent souvent que les abus dont les filles sous leur tutelle ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nvictimes de la part de leur employeur sont \"acceptables\" ou \"ne valent pas la peine de se\n\n\nplaindre\", ne r\u00e9agissant pas en cons\u00e9quence \u00e0 cette situation. [20]\n\n\nDans le rapport d'intervention humanitaire du BCAH pour la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 mars 2019, 85\n\n\ncas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et trait\u00e9s, y compris la violence psychologique (68), la violence\n\ndomestique (4), la violence physique (4), le mariage des enfants (8) et le viol (1) .\n\n## **Mariage d'enfants**\n\n\nLe Burkina Faso a l'un des taux de mariages forc\u00e9s et pr\u00e9coces les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s au monde, m\u00eame\n\n\nsi le fait de forcer une personne \u00e0 se marier contre son gr\u00e9 constitue une infraction p\u00e9nale dans\n\n\nle pays [21] . Selon le Minist\u00e8re des Affaires sociales, 6 325 filles et 860 gar\u00e7ons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes\n\n\nde mariages forc\u00e9s dans tout le pays entre 2009 et 2013 [22] . Au cours d'une s\u00e9rie d'entretiens\n\n\nmen\u00e9s par Amnesty International, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli qu'au moins 35 femmes et jeunes filles vivant\n\n\ndans des refuges et des communaut\u00e9s, allant de jeunes filles de 13 ans \u00e0 de jeunes femmes\n\n\ndans la vingtaine, [23] avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d'un mariage forc\u00e9 ou pr\u00e9coce, ou avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9es\n\n\nd'un tel acte. Selon Girls Not Brides, 52% des filles au Burkina Faso sont mari\u00e9es avant 18 ans\n\n\net 10% avant 15 ans. Les [24] r\u00e9gions du Sahel et de l'Est sont celles o\u00f9 l'\u00e2ge m\u00e9dian au premier\n\n\nmariage est le plus bas. [25]\n\n\nLes facteurs aggravants qui influenceraient cette pratique seraient la pauvret\u00e9, le niveau\n\n\nd'\u00e9ducation, les habitudes traditionnelles et la violence. Girls Not Brides a identifi\u00e9 que les filles\n\n\nayant un niveau d'\u00e9ducation plus faible et vivant dans les m\u00e9nages les plus pauvres sont plus\n\n\npr\u00e9dispos\u00e9es \u00e0 se marier \u00e0 un plus jeune \u00e2ge. [26] Selon Amnesty International, l'offre d'argent ou\n\n\nd'autres biens constituerait souvent un moyen courant de faire pression sur leur famille [27] ...\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, les coutumes traditionnelles exacerbent cette pratique. Le _lithho_ et le _pog-lenga_ sont\n\n\ndeux coutumes de longue date au Burkina Faso. La _litho_ est la pratique d'\u00e9changer et d'\u00e9pouser\n\n\ndes filles, parfois d\u00e8s leur naissance ; tandis que la _lithographie Pog-lenga_ est la pratique\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d'amener une ni\u00e8ce en dot \u00e0 un mariage, pour qu'elle devienne une \u00e9pouse pour un autre membre\n\n\nde la famille du mari\u00e9. [28]\n\n\nLe refus d'accepter ces conventions sociales constitue une menace pour les filles, qui deviennent\n\n\nvictimes de violence et de honte en cas de non-respect de leurs accords familiaux. [29]\n\n\nUn jeune homme de 15 ans a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 Amnesty International : \" Je ne voulais pas \u00e9pouser cet\n\n\nhomme. Ma tante m'a dit :\"si tu t'enfuis, nous te d\u00e9truirons\". [30] Comme l'a fait observer l'UNICEF,\n\n\nle mariage comporte un risque pour les filles, limitant leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 la\n\n\nparticipation citoyenne. [31]\n\n\nLe niveau des mariages d'enfants au Burkina Faso est rest\u00e9 stable depuis 20 ans et, comme l'a\n\n\nsignal\u00e9 l'UNICEF en mai 2019, le pays est loin d'avoir atteint l'objectif de mettre fin au mariage\n\n\ndes enfants d'ici 2030. [32]\n\n## **D\u00e9tresse psychosociale et sant\u00e9 mentale**\n\n\nLes enfants voient leur vie quotidienne perturb\u00e9e par le conflit, et leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 surmonter leur\n\n\nd\u00e9tresse psychosociale est n\u00e9gativement affect\u00e9e. Le d\u00e9placement implique une s\u00e9rie de\n\n\npr\u00e9occupations pour les enfants, tant pour ceux qui sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s que pour ceux qui font partie\n\n\ndes communaut\u00e9s d'accueil.\n\n\nOn estime que les enfants repr\u00e9sentent 52 % \u00e0 59 % de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du\n\n\npays (=88 600 \u00e0 100 563 enfants) et ont besoin de services de protection de l'enfance. On estime\n\n\nque la moiti\u00e9 d'entre eux ont besoin d'un soutien psychosocial en raison de leur exposition \u00e0 la\n\n\nmaltraitance, \u00e0 l'exploitation, au risque d'\u00eatre recrut\u00e9s par des groupes arm\u00e9s et au danger\n\n\nphysique. \u00c0 titre d'exemple, un rapport conjoint r\u00e9alis\u00e9 parmi les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans la colonie\n\n\nde Dori a rencontr\u00e9 des cas d'enfants qui avaient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des troubles post-traumatiques dus\n\n\n\u00e0 des \u00e9pisodes traumatiques v\u00e9cus dans leur lieu d'origine. Les enfants souffraient de troubles\n\n\ndu sommeil et de cauchemars. [33]\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, 112 000 enfants vivent actuellement dans des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil touch\u00e9es par\n\n\nla crise et environ 20 % d'entre eux ont besoin d'un soutien psychosocial.\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En outre, les enfants victimes de pratiques n\u00e9fastes avant le conflit (telles que la violence\n\n\n\u00e9motionnelle, psychologique ou physique) ont \u00e9galement besoin d'un soutien psychosocial.\n\n## **Enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces arm\u00e9es et aux groupes arm\u00e9s (CAAFAG)**\n\n\nLe recrutement \u00e0 partir de groupes arm\u00e9s repr\u00e9sente l'une des plus grandes menaces pour les\n\n\nenfants impliqu\u00e9s dans les conflits arm\u00e9s. Bien qu'il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques sur le\n\n\nnombre de CAAFAG dans le conflit burkinab\u00e9, des sources judiciaires ont reconnu la pr\u00e9sence\n\n\nde mineurs dans les centres de d\u00e9tention, accus\u00e9s de d\u00e9lit d'association \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nDans ses observations finales sur le rapport initial du Burkina Faso, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en application de\n\n\nl'article 8 du Protocole facultatif concernant l'implication d'enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s, le\n\n\nComit\u00e9 des droits de l'enfant s'est dit pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par l'insuffisance des mesures prises par le pays\n\n\npour emp\u00eacher le recrutement d'enfants burkinab\u00e9 par les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques pr\u00e9sents\n\n\npr\u00e8s de sa fronti\u00e8re avec le Mali. Malgr\u00e9 certaines mesures l\u00e9gislatives positives, telles que la loi\n\n\nno 037-2008/AN du 29 mai 2008, en vertu de laquelle aucune personne \u00e2g\u00e9e de moins de 18\n\n\nans ne peut \u00eatre enr\u00f4l\u00e9e volontairement dans les forces arm\u00e9es nationales, et le d\u00e9cret no 560\n\n\ndu 5 juillet 2012, qui porte l'\u00e2ge minimum de la conscription \u00e0 20 ans, le pays ne prend aucune\n\n\nmesure plus efficace pour qu'aucun enfant recrut\u00e9 sur son territoire par un groupe arm\u00e9 non\n\n\n\u00e9tatique du fait de la guerre au Mali [34] .\n\n\nEn avril 2019, plus de 20 hommes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s au Togo et rendus aux autorit\u00e9s\n\n\nburkinab\u00e9es. Les m\u00e9dias ont rapport\u00e9 que des enfants arm\u00e9s et de grosses sommes d'argent ont\n\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s parmi les d\u00e9tenus. [35]\n\n\nL'UNICEF a identifi\u00e9 un total de 17 enfants d\u00e9tenus en prison, tous accus\u00e9s d'\u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des\n\n\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, dont 7 dans la prison de haute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de Ouagadougou et 10 dans d'autres\n\n\nr\u00e9gions, en attente d'\u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9s dans la capitale.\n\n## **Enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s**\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00c0 Dori, dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel, les acteurs humanitaires ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un rapport de suivi parmi les\n\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, d\u00e9crivant des cas d'enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs parents. La grande majorit\u00e9 de\n\n\nces enfants \u00e9taient arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9tablissement avec d'autres membres de leur famille, tels que des\n\n\noncles, des tantes et des cousins, confi\u00e9s par leurs parents qui, pour diverses raisons, ne\n\n\npouvaient les accompagner ou avaient d\u00fb fuir ailleurs. C'est le cas d'une femme qui est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0\n\n\nla colonie avec ses 3 neveux, parce que leur m\u00e8re ne pouvait pas quitter Arbinda pour des raisons\n\n\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et que leur p\u00e8re a d\u00fb fuir \u00e0 Bobo Dioulasso. Des [36] cas d'enfants non accompagn\u00e9s\n\n\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant, n\u00e9anmoins, rares.\n\n\nDans ce contexte, la localit\u00e9 de Sebba, dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel, joue un r\u00f4le fondamental. La\n\n\nville accueille des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes depuis mars 2019, avec la particularit\u00e9 que tous sont\n\n\nd'anciens \u00e9l\u00e8ves qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de fuir leurs maisons parce que leurs \u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nd\u00e9truites ou ferm\u00e9es \u00e0 cause des attaques. Ces \u00e9tudiants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs parents et\n\n\nplac\u00e9s dans des familles d'accueil par les autorit\u00e9s locales dans le but de s'assurer qu'ils\n\n\npoursuivent leurs \u00e9tudes. En juin 2019, il y avait 168 \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 Sebba : 37 dans le secondaire (10\n\n\nfilles et 27 gar\u00e7ons) et 131 dans le primaire (42 filles et 89 gar\u00e7ons), accueilli par 88 familles. Bien\n\n\nque l'intention \u00e9tait d'allouer 2 enfants par famille d'accueil, les circonstances ont incit\u00e9 certains\n\n\n\u00e0 accueillir jusqu'\u00e0 5 enfants. En outre, un soutien psychosocial est n\u00e9cessaire tant pour les\n\n\nenfants que pour les familles d'accueillit. La formation des familles d'accueil est \u00e9galement\n\n\nn\u00e9cessaire, puisque seulement 10 d'entre elles ont officiellement le droit de recevoir des enfants,\n\n\ntandis que les 78 autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l'urgence. [37]\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 mars 2019, 257 enfants vuln\u00e9rables (157 filles) s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leur famille ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nidentifi\u00e9s et pris en charge. Les [38] travailleurs humanitaires ont convenu qu'il est n\u00e9cessaire de\n\n\nproc\u00e9der \u00e0 un recensement des cas de s\u00e9paration familiale qui leur permettrait d'en analyser les\n\n\ncauses et de concevoir des plans de pr\u00e9vention et d'intervention en cons\u00e9quence. [39]\n\n## **Travail des enfants**\n\n\nLe cadre juridique burkinab\u00e9 semble \u00eatre align\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9glementation internationale relative au\n\n\ntravail des enfants. Le Burkina Faso a ratifi\u00e9 la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant (CDE)\n\n\nen 1990 et la Convention 182 de l'OIT sur les pires formes de travail des enfants en 2001. En\n\n\noutre, en 2009, le Gouvernement a adopt\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret \u00e9num\u00e9rant les travaux dangereux interdits\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "aux enfants et a publi\u00e9 un plan d'action national contre le travail des enfants en 2012. Malgr\u00e9 ce\n\n\nqui a \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9 de \" progr\u00e8s mod\u00e9r\u00e9s \" de la part du gouvernement \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, les enfants\n\n\nburkinab\u00e9s continuent d'accomplir des t\u00e2ches consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les pires formes de travail des\n\n\nenfants en vertu de la Convention n\u00b0 183 de l'OIT, comme l'exploitation sexuelle \u00e0 des fins\n\n\ncommerciales et l'extraction artisanale d'or.\n\n\nAvec l'appui de l'UNICEF, une \u00e9tude de 2010 sur le travail des enfants dans l'exploitation\n\n\nartisanale de l'or dans 86 sites a identifi\u00e9 un nombre total de 19 881 enfants travaillant dans ce\n\n\nsecteur. Parmi eux : 83,5% n'avaient jamais fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 l'\u00e9cole, 51,2% vivaient sur des sites\n\n\nd'exploitation artisanale de l'or et 66,7% travaillaient plus de 10 heures par jour. 1 enfant sur 4 a\n\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9 sur le site. [40]\n\n\nEn 2013, environ 800 mines d'or artisanales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es au Burkina Faso (selon le Minist\u00e8re\n\n\nde l'\u00c9nergie et des Mines) et, en 2015, le Code minier a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9vis\u00e9 en adoptant des mesures pour\n\n\nprot\u00e9ger les enfants contre les pires formes de travail et leur pr\u00e9sence sur ces sites et carri\u00e8res\n\n\nartisanales. [41] Cette activit\u00e9 est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l'une des pires formes de travail des enfants,\n\n\ncar elle expose les enfants \u00e0 des produits chimiques dangereux pendant le processus\n\n\nd'extraction.\n\n\nSelon l'UNICEF, en 2010, 41,1 % des enfants de 5 \u00e0 18 ans travaillaient, soit 34 % des filles et\n\n\n47,7 % des gar\u00e7ons. 37 % d'entre eux effectuaient des travaux dangereux. [42] Environ 20 000\n\n\nenfants, gar\u00e7ons et filles, travaillaient dans les mines d'or artisanales et 5 185 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de\n\n\nla traite. Les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 5 \u00e0 17 ans \u00e9taient souvent employ\u00e9s comme domestiques, avec\n\n\nune majorit\u00e9 de filles (79,5%) [43] . En 2016, 42,2 % des enfants de 5 \u00e0 14 ans travaillaient, selon\n\n\nl'Institut de statistique de l'UNESCO. [44]\n\n\nTraditionnellement, il existe au Burkina Faso deux figures communes \u00e0 l'Afrique de l'Ouest qui\n\n\nfavorisent la pratique des enfants quittant leur foyer \u00e0 un \u00e2ge pr\u00e9coce : l' _arriviste-payeur_ (salaire\n\n\n\u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e) et les filles domestiques.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration \u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e est un syst\u00e8me de longue date qui permet aux enfants de se rendre\n\n\nchez un parent ou un ami, ou chez un employeur choisi par le conducteur. La personne \u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e\n\n\nest responsable du paiement des frais de voyage et l'enfant devient donc d\u00e9biteur envers\n\n\nl'employeur. Malgr\u00e9 les dangers que le syst\u00e8me semble comporter, un rapport de Terre des\n\n\nhommes et du HCDH d\u00e9crit cette pratique comme fr\u00e9quente et relativement s\u00fbre. Bien que cela\n\n\npuisse exposer les enfants \u00e0 un risque de servitude pour dettes \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e, le fait d'\u00eatre pris\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "en charge par un chauffeur (souvent connu de la communaut\u00e9) jusqu'\u00e0 l'endroit o\u00f9 ils vont rester,\n\n\npar opposition au fait de voyager seul, est \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une forme de protection.\n\n\nToutefois, 3 des 12 enfants suivis \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de la traite \u00e0 la\n\n\nsuite de cette pratique. [45]\n\n\nQuant aux enfants domestiques, il est courant que des enfants, surtout des filles, soient envoy\u00e9s\n\n\ndans d'autres m\u00e9nages pour devenir domestiques, souvent \u00e0 un tr\u00e8s jeune \u00e2ge, et plus\n\n\nfr\u00e9quemment dans de grandes villes comme Bobo-Dioulasso et Ouagadougou. Tradition de\n\n\nlongue date, il n'est pas rare que la m\u00e8re de la jeune fille ait \u00e9galement travaill\u00e9 comme employ\u00e9e\n\n\nde maison lorsqu'elle \u00e9tait jeune. Les filles prennent alors souvent l'initiative d'entamer le\n\n\nprocessus, car elles suivent les traditions ; certains rituels sont m\u00eame suivis avant leur d\u00e9part\n\n\npour leur apporter protection [46] . Les \" propri\u00e9taires \" (personnes appartenant \u00e0 la m\u00eame\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9 que l'enfant, qui g\u00e8rent une r\u00e9sidence au lieu d'arriv\u00e9e, o\u00f9 les enfants peuvent\n\n\nrester, obtenir des conseils et de l'aide) fournissent un logement aux filles, peuvent servir\n\n\nd'agence d'emploi priv\u00e9e et sont souvent un interm\u00e9diaire entre la fille qui travaille et ses parents,\n\n\nainsi qu'entre la fille qui travaille. Pourtant, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d'un haut niveau d'acceptation sociale, il\n\n\nexiste un risque pour les filles domestiques d'\u00eatre sous-pay\u00e9es ou de travailler plus longtemps.\n\n\nDans les circonstances actuelles, les enfants ne vont pas \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole et voyagent de plus en plus \u00e0\n\n\nla recherche d'un emploi, ce qui augmente leur exposition aux risques, en particulier le risque de\n\n\nse livrer aux pires formes du travail des enfants. Le [47] Rapport de suivi sur les personnes\n\n\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays, \u00e9tabli \u00e0 Dori en mai 2019, indique que les parents ont\n\n\nperdu leurs sources de revenus traditionnelles en raison du d\u00e9placement, et que les enfants\n\n\nassument d\u00e9sormais la responsabilit\u00e9 de subvenir aux besoins de leur famille. [48]\n\n\nEn cons\u00e9quence, un plus grand nombre de filles sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement envoy\u00e9es dans les villes\n\n\ncomme employ\u00e9es de maison, et les gar\u00e7ons se lancent dans la construction, le petit commerce\n\n\nou m\u00eame la vente d'eau. Les services sociaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 alert\u00e9s d'avoir vu des enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\n\nmendier dans les rues. [49]\n\n## **Enl\u00e8vement et traite des personnes**\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Le Burkina Faso est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une destination, un point de transit et une source de trafic\n\n\nd'enfants \u00e0 destination et en provenance d'autres pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Il existe encore des\n\n\npratiques culturelles qui augmentent le risque que les enfants s'y adonnent. C'est le cas du\n\n\n_confisage_, qui consiste \u00e0 envoyer un enfant vivre avec un parent ou un ami pour aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole\n\n\ndans une grande ville. [50]\n\n\nLes gar\u00e7ons et les filles burkinab\u00e9s sont \u00e9galement \"soumis au travail forc\u00e9 comme ouvriers\n\n\nagricoles, orpailleurs et laveurs dans les mines artisanales, marchands de rues, domestique et\n\n\ndans la mendicit\u00e9 forc\u00e9e\" ; tandis que les filles sont le plus souvent exploit\u00e9es dans la traite\n\n\nsexuelle. [51]\n\n\nLa C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, le Mali et le Niger sont les pays de destination les plus fr\u00e9quents des enfants\n\n\nburkinab\u00e9s victimes de la traite transnationale \u00e0 des fins de travail forc\u00e9 ou de trafic sexuel. Un\n\n\npourcentage plus faible d'enfants est destin\u00e9 au Liban, au Qatar, \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 divers\n\n\npays europ\u00e9ens sous la promesse d'un emploi l\u00e9gitime - et finit par \u00eatre contraint \u00e0 la prostitution.\n\n\nEn tant que pays de transit pour la traite, les enfants sont transport\u00e9s par le Burkina Faso du Mali\n\n\n\u00e0 la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire et les femmes et les filles de la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite.\n\n\nLe Burkina Faso est \u00e9galement une destination pour les enfants victimes de la traite en\n\n\nprovenance des pays voisins, dont la C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, le Ghana, la Guin\u00e9e, le Mali, le Niger et le\n\n\nNigeria. Des femmes d'autres pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest sont recrut\u00e9es frauduleusement pour un\n\n\nemploi au Burkina Faso et sont ensuite soumises \u00e0 la prostitution forc\u00e9e, au travail forc\u00e9 dans les\n\n\nrestaurants ou \u00e0 la servitude domestique dans des maisons priv\u00e9es. Des filles nig\u00e9rianes et\n\n\ntib\u00e9taines auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 exploit\u00e9es dans le cadre du trafic sexuel au Burkina Faso. [52]\n\n## **Lacunes en mati\u00e8re d'information**\n\n\n - Il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques sur le nombre d'enfants tu\u00e9s ou mutil\u00e9s \u00e0 la suite\n\n\nde ces attaques, en particulier \u00e0 la suite des infractions commises contre les \u00e9coles.\n\n - Il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es sur les cas de travailleuses domestiques victimes d'abus ni sur\n\n\nla mani\u00e8re dont le conflit actuel affecte (ou non) cette tradition.\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Il n'existe pas de donn\u00e9es relatives au nombre d'enfants touch\u00e9s par la violence li\u00e9e au\n\n\nsexe et le mariage pr\u00e9coce \u00e0 la suite de la crise.\n\n - Dans l'ensemble de cette recherche, les seules r\u00e9f\u00e9rences trouv\u00e9es concernant la\n\n\nSMSPS se concentrent sur les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du pays ; ni les\n\n\npopulations h\u00f4tes ni les personnes rest\u00e9es au pays ne sont mentionn\u00e9es.\n\n - Les donn\u00e9es concernant le CAAFAG dans le conflit burkinab\u00e9 sont remarquablement\n\n\nrares, surtout compte tenu du nombre et de la diversit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9s dans\n\n\nle conflit.\n\n - Les travailleurs humanitaires ont not\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'\u00e9laborer un recensement de l'UASC\n\n\net de la s\u00e9paration des familles.\n\n - Enfin, on dispose de peu de donn\u00e9es sur l'impact de la crise sur la protection globale de\n\n\nl'enfance, en particulier de donn\u00e9es ventil\u00e9es (genre/\u00e2ge/invalidit\u00e9).\n\n## **R\u00e9f\u00e9rences et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences**\n\n\n1 _Des dizaines de soldats burkinab\u00e8 tu\u00e9s lors d'une \" attaque terroriste majeure_ \", Al Jazeera, ao\u00fbt 2019,\n[disponible \u00e0 l'adresse : https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/burkina-faso-troops-killed-major-](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/burkina-faso-troops-killed-major-terrorist-attack-army-190820015154761.html)\n[terrorist-attack-army-190820015154761.html.](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/burkina-faso-troops-killed-major-terrorist-attack-army-190820015154761.html)\n2 _\"Why is violence escalating in Burkina Faso \"_, Al Jazeera, mai 2019, disponible sur :\n[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/killed-church-attack-burkina-faso-190526192956228.html](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/killed-church-attack-burkina-faso-190526192956228.html)\n\n\n3 Douce, Sophie, _\u201cAu Burkina Faso, les Peuls victimes d\u2019une stigmatisation meurtri\u00e8re\u201d_, Le Monde, February 2019,\navailable at: [https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/02/04/au-burkina-faso-les-peuls-victimes-d-une-](https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/02/04/au-burkina-faso-les-peuls-victimes-d-une-stigmatisation-meurtriere_5418966_3212.html)\n[stigmatisation-meurtriere_5418966_3212.html](https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/02/04/au-burkina-faso-les-peuls-victimes-d-une-stigmatisation-meurtriere_5418966_3212.html)\n\n4 _\u201cDes jihadistes pr\u00e9sents au B\u00e9nin, au Togo et au Ghana, selon les services burkinab\u00e8\u201d_, Jeune Afrique, April 2019,\n[available at : https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/762638/politique/burkina-des-jihadistes-de-lest-se-seraient-](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/762638/politique/burkina-des-jihadistes-de-lest-se-seraient-refugies-au-benin-au-togo-et-au-ghana/)\n[refugies-au-benin-au-togo-et-au-ghana/](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/762638/politique/burkina-des-jihadistes-de-lest-se-seraient-refugies-au-benin-au-togo-et-au-ghana/)\n\n\n5 _\"Burkina Faso, bilan de situation humanitaire janvier - mars 2019 \"_, OCHA, 2019, disponible sur :\nhttps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_Bilan%20de%20la%20reponse_Jan_Mars\n%202019.pdf\n\n\n6 _\"Pourquoi la violence s'intensifie-t-elle au Burkina Faso_, Al Jazeera, op. cit.\n\n7 _\"Situation humanitaire au Burkina Faso_ \", Rapport num\u00e9ro 2, UNICEF, avril 2019, disponible sur :\nhttps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Burkina%20Faso%20Humanitarian%20Situatio\nn%20Report%20No.%202%20-%20April%202019.pdf\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8 _\"Living in the open the open : a shelter crisis \"_, HCR, juin 2018, disponible sur :\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso%20-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Living%20in%20the%20open%20a%20shelter%20crisis%2C%20June%202019%20%281%29.pdf)\n[%20Living%20in%20the%20open%20a%20shelter%20crisis%2C%20June%202019%20%281%29.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso%20-%20Living%20in%20the%20open%20a%20shelter%20crisis%2C%20June%202019%20%281%29.pdf)\n\n\n9 \u201c _Rapport de monitoring de protection des PDIs - Sahel provinces de l\u2019Oudalan et du Soum, p\u00e9riode avril 2019\u201d_,\nDRC and UNHCR, April 2019, available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/drcrapport_monitoring_des_pdi_mai_2019-revise_ff_0.pdf\n\n10 ibidem.\n\n\n11 _\"Observations finales sur le septi\u00e8me rapport p\u00e9riodique du Burkina Faso \"_, Comit\u00e9 pour l'\u00e9limination de la\ndiscrimination \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des femmes, novembre 2017, disponible sur :\n[https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW/C/BFA/CO/7ang](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW/C/BFA/CO/7&Lang=En)\n[=En](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW/C/BFA/CO/7&Lang=En)\n\n12 _\u00ab Rapport national pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 5 de l\u2019annexe \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 16/21 du Conseil des_\n_droits de l\u2019homme_ \u00bb, Groupe de travail sur l\u2019Examen p\u00e9riodique universel, Trenti\u00e8me session, Conseil des droits de\nl\u2019homme des Nations Unies, mars 2018, disponible sur : https://documents-dds[ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/055/43/PDF/G1805543.pdf?OpenElement.](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/055/43/PDF/G1805543.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n13 Donn\u00e9es sur la violence contre les enfants (VAC) au Burkina Faso (selon la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tude nationale du Minist\u00e8re\nen charge conjointement soutenue par l\u2019UNICEF et Save The Children International, valid\u00e9e en janvier 2019)\n\n\n14 _\u2018Mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation conjointe sur l\u2019assistance humanitaire d\u2019urgence pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes_\n_suite aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements de Yirgou\u2019_, DRC, Help, NDI, Oxfam, Pathfinder International, Plan International, Save the\nChildren, Solidarit\u00e9s International, January 2019, available at:\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/rapport_fin\nal_mission_conjointe_devaluation_rapide_23012019.pdf\n\n\n15 Donn\u00e9es sur la violence contre les enfants (VAC) au Burkina Faso (selon la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tude nationale du Minist\u00e8re\nen charge conjointement soutenue par l'UNICEF et Save The Children International, valid\u00e9e en janvier 2019)\n\n\n16 _\"Faire de l'\u00e9ducation en situation d'urgence une priorit\u00e9 au Burkina Faso_ \", Save the Children, mai 2019, disponible\nsur :\nhttps://burkinafaso.savethechildren.net/sites/burkinafaso.savethechildren.net/files/library/Faire%20de%20l%27E\nducation%20en%20Situation%20d%27Urgence%20une%20priorite%20-BFA-%20SC%20Mai%202...%20%2800000002%29.pdf\n\n\n17 \u201c _Etude nationale sur les violences faites aux enfants au Burkina Faso\u201d_, Institut Supe\u0301rieur des Sciences de la\nPopulation (ISSP), December 2018.\n\n18 Ibidem.\n\n19 Ibidem.\n\n20 _\"Localally developed Child Protection practices concerning mobile Children in West Africa_ \", Terre des Hommes,\n2014, disponible sur :\n[https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pd](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pdf)\n[f](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pdf)\n\n\n21 _\"La situation des enfants dans le monde 2015 : Reimagine the future_ \", UNICEF, novembre 2014, tableau 9,\n[disponible \u00e0 l'adresse : https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC_2015_Summary_and_Tables.pdf.](https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC_2015_Summary_and_Tables.pdf)\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "22 \u201c _Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de Pr\u00e9vention et d\u2019\u00e9limination du mariage d\u2019enfants 2016-2025_ \u201d, Ministry of Social Action\n[and National Solidarity, November 2015, available at: https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Burkina-Faso-National-Strategy-2016-2025-Nov-2015.pdf)\n[content/uploads/2016/10/Burkina-Faso-National-Strategy-2016-2025-Nov-2015.pdf.](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Burkina-Faso-National-Strategy-2016-2025-Nov-2015.pdf)\n\n23 \" _Burkina Faso : Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee's 117th session_ \", juin 2016,\n[disponible sur : https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR6040662016ENGLISH.pdf.](https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR6040662016ENGLISH.pdf)\n\n[24 \"Burkina Faso \", Girls not Brides, 2019, disponible sur : https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/burkina-](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/burkina-faso/)\n[faso/](https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/burkina-faso/)\n\n25 Ibidem.\n\n26 Ibidem.\n\n\n27 \" _Burkina Faso : Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee's 117th session_ \", Op. cit.\n\n28 _\"Burkina Faso : miles de ni\u00f1as en peligro por matrimonio forzado y matrimonio precoz_ \", Amnesty International,\n[avril 2016, disponible sur : https://amnistia.org.pe/noticia/burkina-faso-miles-de-ninas-en-peligro-por-](https://amnistia.org.pe/noticia/burkina-faso-miles-de-ninas-en-peligro-por-matrimonio-forzado-matrimonio-precoz/)\n[matrimonio-forzado-matrimonio-precoz/](https://amnistia.org.pe/noticia/burkina-faso-miles-de-ninas-en-peligro-por-matrimonio-forzado-matrimonio-precoz/)\n\n29 \" _Burkina Faso_ \", Filles pas mari\u00e9es, Op. cit.\n\n30 _\"Burkina Faso : Des milliers de filles en danger par le mariage forc\u00e9 et pr\u00e9coce_ \", op. cit.\n\n31 \" _Burkina Faso. Fiche de programme - Protection de l'enfance_ \", UNICEF, 2016, disponible \u00e0 l'adresse :\n[https://www.unicef.org/bfa/english/Programme_Overview_Protection_Fev.2016.pdf](https://www.unicef.org/bfa/english/Programme_Overview_Protection_Fev.2016.pdf)\n\n\n32 _\"Child Marriage in West and Central Africa at a glance_ \", UNICEF, mai 2019, disponible sur :\nhttps://www.unicef.org/wca/media/2596/file\n\n\n33 _\"Rapport de mission conjointe de monitoring des IDPs de Dori\"_, UNICEF, UNHCR, DRC, HI, DRFSNAH du Sahel et\nDPFSNFAN, mai 2019.\n\n\n34 _\"Observations finales sur le rapport initial du Burkina Faso pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en application de l'article 8 du Protocole_\n_facultatif se rapportant au Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels_ .\n_Convention relative \u00e0 l'implication d'enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s, adopt\u00e9e par le Comit\u00e9 \u00e0 sa soixante-deuxi\u00e8me_\n_session (14 janvier-1er f\u00e9vrier 2013)\",_ CRC/C/OPAC/BFA/CO/1, Comit\u00e9 des droits de l'enfant, 26 juin 2013,\ndisponible sur :\n[https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/OPAC/BFA/CO/1a](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/OPAC/BFA/CO/1&Lang=En)\n[ng=En.](https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/OPAC/BFA/CO/1&Lang=En)\n\n35Zongo, Daouda, _\u201cTogo: plus d\u2019une vingtaine de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s terroristes arr\u00eat\u00e9s et remis au Burkina \u201c,April 2019,_\n_available at:_ [https://www.wakatsera.com/togo-plus-dune-vingtaine-de-presumes-terroristes-arretes-et-remis-au-](https://www.wakatsera.com/togo-plus-dune-vingtaine-de-presumes-terroristes-arretes-et-remis-au-burkina/)\n[burkina/](https://www.wakatsera.com/togo-plus-dune-vingtaine-de-presumes-terroristes-arretes-et-remis-au-burkina/)\n\n\n36 Rapport de mission conjointe de monitoring des IDPs de Dori. UNICEF, UNHCR, DRC, HI, DRFSNAH du sahel and\nDPFSNFAN, Op. Cit.\n\n\n37 Compte de rendu de mission de monitoring des \u00e9l\u00e8ves d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes \u00e0 Sebba, UNICEF, May 2019.\n\n\n38 Bilan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire, OCHA, janvier - mars 2019, disponible sur :\nhttps://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burkina%20Faso_Bilan%20de%20la%20reponse_Jan_Mars\n%202019.pdf\n\n\n39 Rapport de mission conjointe de monitoring des IDPs de Dori, UNICEF, UNHCR, DRC, HI, DRFSNAH du Sahel et\nDPFSNFAN, mai 2019.\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "40 \" _Burkina Faso. Fiche de programme - Protection de l'enfance_ \", UNICEF, 2016, disponible \u00e0 l'adresse :\n[https://www.unicef.org/bfa/english/Programme_Overview_Protection_Fev.2016.pdf](https://www.unicef.org/bfa/english/Programme_Overview_Protection_Fev.2016.pdf)\n\n41 Ibidem.\n\n42 \u201cNote Strate\u0301gique du Programme Protection de l\u2019enfance CPD 2018-2020\u201d, UNICEF, available at:\nhttp://files.unicef.org/transparency/documents/BF%20-%20PNS%20-%20Protection%20-%20260317.pdf\n\n\n43 Ibidem.\n\n\n44 _\"Findings on the worst forms of child labor 2017_ \", Bureau of International Labor Affairs, D\u00e9partement de la\n[justice des \u00c9tats-Unis, 2017, disponible sur : https://www.justice.gov/file/1105136/download](https://www.justice.gov/file/1105136/download)\n\n45 \"Localally developed Child Protection practices concerning mobile Children in West Africa \", Terre des Hommes,\n2014, disponible sur :\n[https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pd](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pdf)\n[f](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/StudyMigrants/CivilSociety/TerreDesHommesKidsAbroad.pdf)\n\n\n46 Ibidem.\n\n47 Rapport de mission conjointe de monitoring des IDPs de Dori. Sous-groupe sectoriel protection - Dori, May 2019.\n\n48 Ibidem.\n\n49 Ibidem.\n\n\n50 _\"Findings on the worst forms of child labour 2017_ \", Op. cit.\n\n51 _\"2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Burkina Faso \"_, D\u00e9partement d'\u00c9tat des \u00c9tats-Unis, 27 juin 2017, disponible\n[\u00e0 l'adresse : https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ecfac.html](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ecfac.html)\n\n52 Ibidem.\n\n\n**pg. 8** **Juin 2019**\n_Toutes les donn\u00e9es sont des citations de sources secondaires. L'information_\n\n_n'a pas fait l'objet d'une triangulation ou d'une v\u00e9rification._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a6443b4f-dc18-4632-b17f-7a492dd9c5d6/burkina_faso_sdr_29_august_2019_french_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_779/raw/doc_779_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_779/raw/doc_779_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fbdd2ba2184b476d671510856f860073569918ec..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_779/raw/doc_779_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n# ON THE BRINK\n### **The devastating toll** **of aid cuts on people** **forced to flee**\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n#### **Introduction**\n\n\n\nPeople forced to flee are among the hardest hit\nby the global humanitarian funding crisis. Across\nthe world, families who fled war, persecution, or\nviolence are now seeing the support they relied\non vanish, leaving them dangerously exposed.\nUNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is being forced\nto suspend critical protection, assistance, and\nsupport for solutions, even as needs continue to\nrise.\n\n\nCompared to 2024, when [UNHCR supported](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-report-2024)\n[36.4 million people, around 11.6 million\u00b9 people](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-report-2024)\nforced to fee are at risk of losing direct assistance\nthis year. These are not just numbers on a\nspreadsheet: they are refugees stranded in border\nareas awaiting relocation to safety, families unable\nto afford food, medicine or shelter, and pupils\ndeprived of education and their opportunity for a\nbetter future.\n\n\nDespite generous and early contributions of $2.5\nbillion by June 2025\u00b2 \u2013 covering 23 per cent of\nUNHCR\u2019s global requirements \u2013 the projected\nshortfall of $8.1 billion against a budget of $10.6\nbillion still makes the situation untenable. UNHCR\nanticipates closing the year with $3.5 billion in\navailable funding \u2013 roughly the same level as a\ndecade ago, even though the number of people\nforced to flee has nearly doubled to 122 million.\n\n\nIn light of this grim financial reality and anticipated\nfunding constraints, UNHCR has had to reduce\nthe overall scale of its activities and workforce by\naround one-third. We have made the deepest cuts\nto headquarters and regional offices in an effort to\nsafeguard field programmes as much as possible,\nbut even these substantial reductions are not\n\n\n\nenough to fully sustain operations on the ground.\nOf over 550 operational locations globally, some\n185 have been impacted. Altogether, $1.4 billion\nof essential programmes are being cut, severely\nweakening UNHCR\u2019s ability to provide support\nand solutions for those who need it most.\n\n\nIn making these cuts, UNHCR has prioritized\nprotection and solutions, life-saving interventions\nand emergency response, and is working with\nhost governments, UN agencies and NGO\npartners to mitigate the damage. Yet, the rapid\nfunding decline has already impacted every\nsector \u2013 from financial aid to health, education,\nand clean water. Importantly, UNHCR\u2019s ability to\nprovide protection by presence, to identify and\nadvocate against rights violations affecting forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless persons, and to uphold\nthe trust established with displaced and host\ncommunities over many years of engagement, is\nsteadily eroding.\n\n\nOur reduced presence on the ground \u2013 combined\nwith fewer opportunities and platforms to engage\ndirectly with affected communities through\nconsultations, monitoring, and support to local\nand national actors \u2013 not only limits our protection\noutreach, but also poses a fundamental risk to our\nability to support and pursue lasting solutions for\npeople forced to flee.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s commitment remains unwavering. We\nhave the expertise, systems and reach to deliver\nprotection and assistance where it is needed the\nmost. But without urgent international solidarity\nand flexible funding, decades of gains could\ndisappear.\n\n\n\n_\u00b9 This figure and those on the map on page 8 are based on a mathematical extrapolation and reflect the gap between_\n_the number of people assisted with 2024 funding and the projected number of people who can be assisted under current_\n_2025 funding levels. In some contexts, funding cuts may affect service quality or frequency rather than coverage, while in_\n_some sectors and areas of intervention \u2013 including protection, financial aid, shelter, and non-food items \u2013 funding gaps_\n_may directly result in fewer people being assisted. This estimate does not imply a one-to-one reduction in assistance, but_\n_serves as a proxy indicator to illustrate the scale of impact._\n\n\n_\u00b2 Global, regional and country funding levels cited throughout this report are as of 18 June 2025._\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\nAt a glance: Cuts across thematic areas\n\n\n## **60%**\n\n**cut to financial aid & non-food**\n**items**\n\n\n## **44%**\n\n**cut to resettlement programmes**\n\n\n## **35%** **40%**\n\n**cut to shelter programmes**\n\n\n## **40%**\n\n\n\n**cut to child protection programmes**\n\n\n## **35%**\n\n\n\n**cut to education programmes**\n\n\n\n**cut to health programmes**\n\n\n## **32%**\n\n**cut to water, sanitation &**\n**hygiene programmes**\n\n\n## **25%**\n\n**cut to registration & refugee status**\n**determination & legal counselling**\n**programmes**\n\n\n## **7%** **23%**\n\n**cut to to safe & voluntary**\n\n**cut to gender-based violence**\n\n**return programmes**\n\n\n\n**cut to gender-based violence**\n**prevention & response**\n**programmes**\n\n\n## **7%**\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\nKey gains in refugee protection at risk\n\n**[Overall, UNHCR\u2019s protection services reached over 18.4 million people in 130 countries in 2024](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-report-2024)**\n**and UNHCR made tangible, measurable progress in protecting people forced to fee, despite**\n**challenging operating environments and rising displacement needs. These life-saving efforts**\n**did not only address and mitigate protection risks, especially for women and children** _\u2013_ **they**\n**were foundational, providing a stable basis required for access to health care, education, food**\n**assistance, and national social protection schemes. But these advances are now at serious risk of**\n**being lost due to deep cuts.**\n\n\n**By the end of the year, 91 per cent of refugees and asylum-seekers had been individually**\n**registered across 98 countries, up from 89 per cent in 90 countries in 2023. UNHCR supported**\n**the registration of 2.96 million individuals in its proGres system, marking a significant increase**\n**from 2.55 million in 2023. This progress is vital to ensuring access to protection services, rights,**\n**and durable solutions. UNHCR also helped 4.6 million people obtain civil, identity or legal status**\n**documentation. These documents are critical tools for preventing statelessness and enabling**\n**access to essential services, education, and employment opportunities.**\n\n\n**In 2024, although global asylum numbers went up, the average time to process claims went**\n**down to 369 days, a notable improvement from 432 days in 2023. At the same time, UNHCR**\n**expanded support to 100 national asylum systems, helping improve fairness, efficiency, and**\n**inclusion. UNHCR also made progress in addressing gender-based violence and child protection.**\n**In 2024, gender-based violence prevention and response reached 1.7 million people in 86**\n**countries, and child protection efforts supported 1.5 million children and caregivers in 78**\n**countries.**\n\n\n**Legal aid services were provided to 1.4 million displaced and stateless people. In support of**\n**durable solutions, UNHCR counselled more than 353,000 individuals on voluntary return, and**\n**assisted more than 690,000 refugees returning to their homeland and 288,000 internally**\n**displaced people (IDPs) making a return to their home areas.**\n\n\n**Despite efforts to shield protection activities, cuts are already delaying documentation, straining**\n**asylum systems, and reducing legal assistance \u2013 leaving vulnerable populations exposed to**\n**exploitation, detention, and forced returns.**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n#### **Regional impact**\n\n\nAn estimated 11.6 million people forced to flee are at risk of losing direct assistance in 2025 due to cuts\nto UNHCR\u2019s programmes worldwide. This section offers a region-by-region overview of the impact.\n\n**Asia and the Pacific**\n\n\n\n17.3 million **people** 7 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n26% **cuts to** 30%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n7 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn Asia and the Pacific, Afghanistan and Myanmar remain the largest displacement crises \u2013 and\nRohingya refugees in Bangladesh face deteriorating conditions in the overcrowded Cox\u2019s Bazar camps.\nAcross the region, reductions in programmes for basic needs, financial aid, education, health and\nnutrition are deepening hardship and pushing families to adopt harmful coping strategies, including\nchild labour and child marriage. Without adequate assistance, more Rohingya refugees may risk\ndangerous onward journeys by sea in search of stability elsewhere. These cuts coincide with rising\nforced returns of Afghans from Pakistan and Iran, with 1.9 million people returning or forced to return to\nAfghanistan from the two countries so far in 2025.\n\n**East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes**\n\n\n\n27.5 million **people** 7.7 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n31% **cuts to** 24%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n7.7 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes region, conflict in Sudan and renewed violence in\nSouth Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continue to drive forced displacement\n\n- compounded by extreme weather events and food insecurity. UNHCR and partners are prioritizing\nprotection, life-saving aid and shelter; however, these services are stretched beyond capacity in border\nlocations and displacement sites. This increases the risk of disease and malnutrition, particularly during\nthe rainy season. Response capacity to new refugee influxes across the region is severely stretched,\nwith support for survivors of sexual violence significantly reduced. Education assistance has been\nslashed dramatically, with 65 schools set to be closed in 2025 in Ethiopia and South Sudan, affecting\nover 92,000 children. Over half of the children at risk in the region will not have access to specialized\nservices, increasing their vulnerability at a time when other assistance and services are also being cut.\nWithout additional support, worsening conditions may trigger further displacement and undermine\nregional stability.\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\n**Europe**\n\n\n\n20.7 million **people** 3.5 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n34% **cuts to** 34%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n3.5 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn Europe, the full-scale war in Ukraine and over a decade of conflict in Syria remain the main sources\nof displacement. Spillover from instability in regions such as the Sahel and the Horn of Africa also\ncontinues to prompt sea arrivals in southern Europe. Reductions to legal and protection assistance will\nundermine access to asylum for many, for example in Greece where thousands of people will be unable\nto receive legal aid, appeal asylum decisions, reunite with their families or receive targeted support\naccording to their specific needs. Cuts to livelihoods and education programmes in T\u00fcrkiye are affecting\ntens of thousands of refugees who are already in a dire situation. Financial aid in Ukraine and across the\nregion has also been slashed, leaving families unable to afford rent, food or medical treatment.\n\n**The Middle East and North Africa**\n\n\n\n17 million **people** 6.7 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n43% **cuts to** 20%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n6.7 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn the Middle East and North Africa, protracted crises persist and new shocks have emerged. In Iraq,\nJordan, Lebanon, and Syria, severe cuts to financial aid, shelter assistance and health care are forcing\nfamilies to choose between food, medicine, and rent. Key protection services for children and survivors\nof sexual violence are also being suspended, with others at risk. Cuts to support returnees in Syria\nmeans that families will struggle to rebuild their homes, find paid work and restart their lives.\n\n\nImpacts on Local and National Partners\n\nCuts to UNHCR\u2019s programmes have deeply affected local and national partners across operations\nglobally. Preliminary figures from June show a temporary decrease of $230 million in funding\nallocated to these partners compared to 2024. Nevertheless, UNHCR has increased the share\nof overall funding directed to these actors, with 62 per cent of available funds allocated to them\nin 2025 \u2013 up from 58 per cent in 2024 \u2013 relative to international partners. Organizations led\nby refugees, IDPs, and stateless people have been especially hard hit. The number of grant\nagreements \u2013 UNHCR\u2019s simplified funding tool for such groups \u2013 has dropped from 251 in 43\noperations in 2024 to just 70 in 17 operations and global programmes as of June 2025, a figure we\nwill seek to increase by year\u2019s end.\n\n\nUNHCR remains strongly committed to supporting local organizations and continues to prioritize\nforcibly displaced and stateless-led organizations.\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\n**Southern Africa**\n\n\n\n10.9 million **people** 2.6 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n25% **cuts to** 24%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n2.6 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn Southern Africa, displacement is driven by armed conflict in the DRC and Mozambique. An increasing\nnumber of people forced to flee will not have access to shelter or clean water, support to survivors of\nsexual violence is decreasing, and livelihoods and education are under threat. Displaced populations\nface mounting protection risks, including exposure to trafficking and onward movement in search of\nsecurity and opportunity. In Angola, Mozambique, and Zambia, support for survivors of sexual violence\nhas been reduced or halted, leaving vulnerable women and children without psychosocial care, legal\naid, or safe spaces. In Malawi, the ability to identify and assist unaccompanied children is increasingly\nlimited. In the DRC, cuts to UNHCR\u2019s health programmes have pushed services to the brink.\n\n**West and Central Africa**\n\n\n\n12.7 million **people** 6.2 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n25% **cuts to** 23%\n**UNHCR\u2019s programmes** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n6.2 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn West and Central Africa, multiple crises are spurring displacement \u2013 from conflict in the Sahel\nand Lake Chad Basin to the fallout of the Sudan war. Registration and documentation capacity is\nbeing reduced, increasing displaced people\u2019s risk of detention, exploitation and forced return, and\nundermining their right to asylum. Essential services, including education and health care, are being\nscaled back, with schools closing and health centres understaffed. In many areas, the breakdown of\nassistance is forcing families into negative coping strategies, risking further displacement and instability.\n\n**The Americas**\n\n\n\n21.9 million **people** 2.7 million\n\n**forced to flee** **assisted in 2024**\n\n\n\n42% **cuts to UNHCR\u2019s** 20%\n\n**programmess** **funded**\n\n\n\n**forced to flee**\n\n\n\n2.7 million **people**\n\n\n\nIn the Americas, violence, persecution, human rights violations, and insecurity continue to drive\ndisplacement. In several operations, severe funding gaps have curtailed investments in digitizing and\nstrengthening asylum systems and promoting regularization efforts. In countries like Colombia, Ecuador,\nCosta Rica, and Mexico, a lack of legal status is not merely a bureaucratic delay \u2014 it results in prolonged\ninsecurity, deepening poverty as refugees are excluded from formal employment, and greater exposure\nto exploitation and abuse. These cuts are undermining efforts made to finding long-term solutions.\nCuts to local integration programmes in countries like Colombia and Ecuador also put people forced to\nflee at a higher risk of xenophobia and increase their likelihood of moving onwards. The suspension of\nprogrammes to assist IDPs and reintegrate returnees is putting a strain on local communities and leads\nto more displacement.\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\nHyper-prioritized Regional Response Plans\n\n\n[Regional plans\u00b3 have been \u201chyper-prioritized\u201d to ensure that scarce resources are directed to the](https://www.unhcr.org/handbooks/rcm/refugee-response-plans/regional-plans-hyper-prioritization-fact-sheets)\nmost urgent needs, focusing on what must be done first to save lives and protect those forced to\nflee.\n\n\nWhile overall needs remain staggering \u2013 33.6 million people targeted across eight regional plans,\nwith total requirements of $12.3 billion \u2013 the hyper-prioritization process puts an immediate focus\non 27 million people, with corresponding financial needs of $8.65 billion.\n\n\nThis process followed a tiered framework of priority:\n\n\n - Tier 1: Life-saving assistance, including ad hoc food, water, shelter, health care, and\nregistration\n\n\n - Tier 2: Time-sensitive support to stabilize communities such as education, livelihoods, and\ncommunity outreach\n\n\n - Tier 3: Medium-to-long term efforts like integration and inclusion, which have been largely\ndeferred\n\n\nThis approach recognizes that urgency looks different across different contexts, depending on the\nlength of displacement, national policies, and levels of local development, with decisions informed\nby input of those included in the plans such as refugees, host communities, and partners. As a\nresult, in 2025, partners are making all efforts to ensure that even with fewer resources, the most\nvulnerable still receive the protection and support they need to survive and rebuild their lives.\n\n\n_\u00b3 Regional Refugee Response Plans (RRP), Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) for Syria and neighbouring_\n_countries, Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan (RMRP) for the Americas, and Joint Response Plan (JRP) for_\n_Bangladesh._\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n#### **A snapshot from the ground**\n\n\n\nThe consequences of the funding crisis are being\nfelt across every one of UNHCR\u2019s operations. Out\nof more than 550 operational locations worldwide,\nsome 185 have been impacted. The selected\ncountry examples (and the corresponding impact\nfigures\u2074) that follow offer a snapshot from the\n\n\n\nground where UNHCR and its partners work daily\nto protect and support people forced to flee.\nThese examples reflect a much broader reality:\nthe strain on life-saving protection and assistance\nis global, and no operational response has been\nspared.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan**\n\n\nIn Afghanistan, funding cuts are coinciding with\na sharp rise in returns from Pakistan and Iran. In\ntotal, 1.9 million Afghans have returned or been\nforced to return from the two countries in 2025 \u2013\nincluding close to 1.6 million from Iran \u2013 worsening\nthe already desperate situation inside Afghanistan.\n\n\nCuts are hitting women and girls hardest.\nProtection activities have been slashed by over 50\nper cent, undermining programmes on women\u2019s\nempowerment, mental health, and prevention and\nresponse to gender-based violence. UNHCR\u2019s\nability to engage directly with women and girls\nhas dropped sharply, with just 45,000 expected\nto be reached in 2025 \u2013 down from 108,000 in\n2024. Protection monitoring now reaches only a\n\n\n_\u2074 Please refer to footnote number 1 on page 2._\n\n\n\nfraction of those in need, and support for survivors\nof sexual violence, persons with disabilities, and\nthose requiring psychosocial assistance has been\nsuspended in many areas.\n\n\nFinancial aid for refugee returnees has also been\ncut, now just $156 per household and $40 per\nperson for transport \u2013 barely enough for food, let\nalone rent. This limits opportunities for UNHCR to\naccess, engage with and advocate for the rights\nof returnees. IDPs face similar gaps, heightening\nrisks of harmful coping mechanisms such as child\nmarriage, child labour, and exploitation.\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\n\n\nfood, shelter, health care, and education. Any\nfunding reduction is acutely felt.\n\n\nAs overall funding declines, even basic support\nis being affected. In May, learning centres across\nthe camps were forced to close. Although classes\nhave resumed for grade 6 and above, education\nfor some 230,000 children is at risk of being\ndiscontinued.\n\n\nFood insecurity remains high. News of a planned\ncut to food rations from $12 to $6 in April\n2025 sparked panic, though reductions were\ntemporarily postponed.\n\n\nLimited resources mean that essential services\n\n\n\ninitiatives that were crucial to identify and address\ninfrastructural needs within the community have\nbeen scaled back.\n\n\nWith health and nutrition services across the\nentire Rohingya refugee response being scaled\nback, the rollout of hepatitis C treatment has been\nreduced across the camps.\n\n\nShelter support and site maintenance continue\nbut with reduced targets. The ongoing monsoon\nseason has heightened the urgency for shelter\nrepairs, while the expansion of the Governmentapproved Temporary Safer Shelter programme\nis progressing more slowly than planned due to\nsignificant funding shortfalls.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n##### Returning to uncertainty: Afghan refugees struggle to rebuild in their homeland\n\n\n\nWali Khan sits in a UNHCR support centre in\nJalalabad. Wali endured a long and exhausting\njourney with his family, returning under duress\nfrom Pakistan. Without adequate networks or\nopportunities in Afghanistan, Wali is concerned\nabout his ability to put a roof over the head of his\nfamily and provide for them.\n\n\nWith 1.9 million Afghans returning or being forced\nto return from Iran and Pakistan so far in 2025,\nUNHCR is providing refugee returnees with\nassistance including financial aid, vaccinations,\n\n\n\nprevention and response to gender-based\nviolence, and child protection support; however,\nthe level of support available is critically low due\nto underfunding.\n\n\nWithout additional resources, UNHCR will not\nbe able to provide Afghan returnee families and\ntheir host communities with the support they\nneed. However, if donors step in, families will be\nable to rebuild in Afghanistan, helping to stabilize\nthemselves and their communities in a very fragile\nsituation.\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\n\n\nand other risks in an already fragile environment.\nThe lack of adequate shelter, clean water, and\nhealth services is pushing national systems to the\nbrink. Host communities, whose generosity has\nbeen remarkable, are increasingly overwhelmed.\n\nIn 2025, Chad is projected to receive an additional\n250,000 Sudanese refugees, with 145,000 new\narrivals already recorded in the first six months\nalone \u2013 further widening the gap between needs\nand resources. Despite urgent requirements for\nfood, shelter, water, sanitation, and medical care,\navailable funding remains critically low. New\narrivals continue to cross daily into Wadi Fira,\nEnnedi Est, and Oudda\u00ef provinces, including a\n\n\n\nto seek help can no longer count on continued\ncare or follow-up.\n\n\nUnderfunding is also forcing UNHCR to scale back\nor suspend education, health, and livelihoods\nsupport for 177,000 refugees from other countries\nand 220,000 IDPs.\n\nThe cuts not only threaten lives and rights, but\nalso risk fuelling onward movement toward\nLibya and Europe. In 2024 alone, nearly 2,000\nSudanese crossed into Libya via Chad \u2013 exposing\nthem to heightened risks of trafficking and\nexploitation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Lebanon**\n\n\nIn Lebanon, severe underfunding is taking a\ndevastating toll on refugees and vulnerable host\ncommunities. More than 83,000 refugees have\nlost access to financial aid for shelter, leaving\nfamilies at risk of eviction and homelessness.\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s entire health programme in Lebanon\nis at risk of shutting down by the end of the year.\nAlready, some 40,000 refugees have lost access\nto primary health care, and if the funding situation\n\n\n\ndoes not improve, a further 45,000 people \u2014\nincluding those in need of maternity care \u2014 will\nlose access to secondary health services by yearend. UNHCR is also being forced to fully phase\nout education support, impacting 15,000 refugee\nchildren.\n\n\nFinancial aid has been drastically reduced, with\nassistance covering less than half of the minimum\nbasic needs of families.\n\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n##### Sudanese refugee arrivals face new hardships in Chad\n\n\n\nLatner Hassan Adam (centre) sits with her\ndaughter Abeer and son Myassar in a medical\nclinic in Adr\u00e9, Chad. They fled the violence\nin Khartoum, arriving in Chad exhausted and\nafraid. Just days after crossing the border from\nDarfur, UNHCR staff met them \u2013 Myassar already\nburning with fever from malaria. The clinic, run\nby fellow Sudanese refugee Dr. Mohammed\nOmer, continues to provide care despite being\noverwhelmed.\n\n\n\nLatner\u2019s family are among hundreds of thousands\nof Sudanese refugees now stranded in makeshift\nsites along the Chad\u2013Sudan border. There is little\nclean water, no proper shelter, and health-care\nservices are stretched beyond capacity. Each day\nbrings growing risks of disease and malnutrition.\nUNHCR is on the ground, but without additional\nresources, we cannot scale up to meet the\nmounting needs. The situation is critical, but not\nhopeless. With international solidarity and urgent\nsupport, we can make a difference.\n\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\nUNHCR has already had to discontinue just under\n350,000 people from their assistance under the\nUNHCR-WFP cash programme, and support for an\nadditional 200,000 vulnerable individuals is now\nat risk \u2014 leaving them increasingly exposed to\nrisks of abuse, exploitation, and eviction.\n\n\nSince the fall of the Assad regime in Syria in\nDecember 2024, over 100,000 people have\ncrossed into Lebanon. There is limited capacity\nto provide these new arrivals with even the most\nbasic shelter, protection assistance and life-saving\nitems. Conversely, Syrian refugees wishing to\n\n\n\nreturn to Syria may not be able to receive support\nto do so. Durable solutions for this group will be\nhurt by the inability to provide support on their\nreturn.\n\n\nCuts have also led to the discontinuation of\ncommunity support projects designed to bolster\noverstretched Lebanese institutions and foster\nsocial cohesion \u2013 undermining fragile stability\nin host communities as Lebanon continues to\ngrapple with the lasting effects of the recent\nconflict.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMore than 212,000 refugees are losing access to\nessential health-care services, including maternal\ncare and mental health support, due to the\nsuspension of mobile clinics and the dwindling\nsupply of essential medicines. Cuts to water,\nhealth and sanitation programmes are leaving\nover 100,000 people without access to sufficient\nclean water or basic hygiene support, heightening\nthe risk of waterborne and communicable\ndiseases.\n\n\nMore than 114,000 vulnerable individuals are no\nlonger receiving critical multi-purpose financial\naid, leaving them unable to cover basic needs like\n\n\n\nAgadez will be phased out by July 2025, to\ncontinue for only the most vulnerable refugees\nand asylum-seekers.\n\n\nShelter needs are particularly urgent as more\nthan 209,000 people forced to flee are no\nlonger receiving shelter assistance. Families are\nleft in overcrowded, dilapidated structures or\ncompletely exposed to the elements, increasing\nrisks of recruitment into armed groups, violence,\nand exploitation, particularly for women, children\nand people with disabilities. Without privacy or\nphysical safety, women and girls face heightened\nrisks of sexual violence, including sexual assault\nand child marriage.\n\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\nThese cuts are not only compromising protection\nand assistance but also eroding the humanitarian\nspace. As resources dwindle, so too is UNHCR\u2019s\n\n\n\nability to negotiate access, monitor protection\ntrends, and deliver services with partners in areas\ndestabilized by violence.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**South Sudan**\n\n\nIn South Sudan, UNHCR has been forced to\nscale back its response to solely life-saving\ninterventions, despite a worsening humanitarian\nsituation driven by continuing arrivals from Sudan\nand renewed clashes between government and\nopposition forces in Upper Nile, Jonglei, and other\nareas.\n\n\nSince May, some 100,000 vulnerable people have\nlost access to shelter and essential relief items\nsuch as sleeping mats, blankets, cooking sets,\nand hygiene supplies, leaving them struggling\nto survive in undignified, unhygienic and\novercrowded conditions.\n\n\nMeanwhile, 75 per cent of safe spaces for women\nand girls supported by UNHCR have closed,\nleaving up to 80,000 refugee women and girls\n(including survivors of sexual violence) without\n\n\n\naccess to medical care, psychosocial support,\nlegal aid, material support or income-generating\nactivities. Without these services, survivors remain\nisolated, at risk of further abuse and without a\npath to recovery.\n\n\nConditions are deteriorating at the Renk transit\ncentre near the border with Sudan, where over\n10,000 people remain, about 9 per cent of whom\nare refugees. Cuts have forced UNHCR to pause\nefforts to move new arrivals from transit centres\nto return locations or refugee-hosting settlements,\nleading to increased congestion in Renk and\nother border locations as arrivals continue. The\nonset of the rainy season will compound health\nand protection risks, increasing the likelihood of\ndisease outbreaks amid limited sanitation and\noverstretched medical support.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**On the brink: The devastating toll of aid cuts on people forced to flee**\n\n\n\n**Uganda**\n\n\nIn Uganda, cuts are unfolding against a backdrop\nof surging new arrivals. Since the start of the year,\nthe country has received over 115,000 refugees\n\n- primarily from the DRC and South Sudan \u2013\nmarking a 173 per cent increase compared to the\nsame period last year. While the response has so\nfar been well-managed, UNHCR can no longer\nscale up service delivery in areas hosting new\narrivals and is now forced to divert resources\nfrom underfunded settlements to cover life-saving\nemergency response.\n\n\nWhile two-thirds of UNHCR\u2019s education budget in\nUganda previously went to teacher salaries, cuts\nmean that over 2,000 teachers and assistants are\nno longer supported. The pupil-teacher ratio now\nstands at 117:1 \u2013 more than double the national\nstandard \u2013 undermining the protective role of\neducation, particularly for girls and children with\ndisabilities, and increasing protection risks like\nchild labour and child marriage.\n\n\n\nOver 200,000 women at risk of sexual violence\nand 95,000 vulnerable children may be left\nwithout the specialized care they need. Cuts have\nalso reduced mental health services for 23,000\nrefugees. The caseworker-to-child ratio is now\n1:143, well below minimum standards.\n\n\nCuts to health services have led to the loss\nof 438 health workers since the end of 2024,\nundermining primary health care and emergency\nresponse capacity. In Nyumanzi reception\ncentre, the global acute malnutrition (GAM)\nrate has exceeded the emergency threshold.\nIn settlements like Kiryandongo and Nakivale,\nwater access has dropped to just 8\u201310 litres\nper person per day \u2013 well below emergency\nstandards \u2013 raising serious public health concerns\namid concurrent outbreaks of cholera, mpox, and\nmeasles.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### Flexible funding: Supporting needs where they are greatest\n\nThe examples in this report offer just a glimpse into the wider impact of underfunding of UNHCR \u2013\nscaling back life-saving assistance, delaying critical interventions, and leaving more people without\nprotection. But the full picture is even more urgent. UNHCR faces difficult choices \u2013 not only about what\nto prioritize, but also when, where, and how fast.\n\n\nFlexible funding is a lifeline. It enables UNHCR to respond across the full spectrum of needs \u2013 not\njust those in the spotlight. Every dollar of flexible funding spent is weighed against needs, gaps, and\nurgency to maximize its impact. Because it is not tied to a specific country or sector, it allows us to:\n\n\n - Respond rapidly to new and unforeseen emergencies, including those not covered in this report.\n\n\n - Sustain essential services in underfunded and forgotten crises.\n\n\n - Redirect resources dynamically to where needs are greatest, including preparedness measures in\nanticipation of larger crises.\n\n\nThis ability to act before needs escalate and reach the most vulnerable is only possible through flexible\nfunding from public and private donors. Without it, UNHCR\u2019s capacity to fulfil its protection and solutions\nmandate is severely constrained. Yet, flexible contributions are shrinking. In 2024, softly earmarked\nfunding declined for the second year in a row \u2013 down 26 per cent. By June, UNHCR had received only\n$746 million in flexible contributions \u2013 insufficient to sustain even the most essential activities globally.\n\n\nWe thank donors \u2013 including Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United\nStates of America \u2013 whose support accounts around half of all flexible funding received so far this\nyear. Growing private sector contributions also remain a critical source of flexible funding, particularly\nunearmarked funding. The leadership of public and private sector donors in providing flexible funding is\nvital.\n\n\nNow more than ever, broader and bolder support is essential. At this critical moment, flexible funding is\nnot only efficient \u2013 it is strategic, enabling protection and assistance where they are needed most.\n\n\n_Cover photo: A woman and child who fled from Sudan wait at Renk Transit Centre in South_\n\n_Sudan. \u00a9 UNHCR/Reason Moses Runyanga_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4c8ff5ef-670d-4da4-a63c-23ef395d6aad/c1951fd9-0ef7-52cf-ad00-5f84f7a9fb59.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_78/raw/doc_78_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_78/raw/doc_78_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5f470290b42e1c5d9e40aa95881730a7f3dc93fb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_78/raw/doc_78_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1848 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN** **INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES** **FIRST HALF 2008**\n\n**Statistical Overview of Asylum Applications Lodged**\n**in 38 European and 6 Non-European Countries**\n\n17 OCTOBER 2008\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n## I. Introduction [1]\n\n\nThis report summarizes the main levels and developments in the number of individual asylum\nclaims submitted in Europe and selected non-European countries during the first six months of\n2008. It covers the 38 European and 6 non-European States that currently provide monthly\nasylum statistics to UNHCR. The numbers in this report reflect applications made at the first\ninstance of asylum procedures. Applications at appeal instance are not included. This report does\nnot include information on the outcome of asylum claims or on the admission of refugees\nthrough resettlement programmes, which is available in other UNHCR reports. [2]\n\nThe group of countries included in this report is collectively referred to as the **\u201c44 industrialized**\n**countries** \u201d and has been defined for the purpose of this report only. The 44 countries are: 27\nMember States of the European Union and Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Iceland,\nLiechtenstein, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia and Turkey, as well as Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of\nKorea and the United States of America.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s data collection of monthly asylum statistics has expanded in the course of 2007 with\nAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia [3], the Republic of Korea, Turkey and The\nformer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia being included. In view of the introduction of\nimproved statistical reporting systems, Italy has been added in 2008, making it the 44 [th] country\nto participate in UNHCR\u2019s asylum data monitoring system. In order to ensure comparability over\ntime, UNHCR\u2019s database has been updated retroactively by incorporating monthly asylum\nstatistics for the first six new countries since at least 2005. Monthly data for Italy, however, is\navailable only from 2008. As a result of this expansion, previous UNHCR reports analysing\nmonthly asylum trends may differ from the current one in terms of scope and data availability,\nand are thus not necessarily comparable.\n\nTo the extent possible, the statistics presented in this document reflect the number of asylumseekers lodging an application for the first time. However, it appears that a significant number of\ncountries included in this report cannot distinguish new asylum applications from reopened or\nrepeat claims in their statistical systems. As a consequence, some of the numbers reported to\nUNHCR are likely to include repeat applications, and therefore do not necessarily reflect the\nactual number of new asylum-seekers. Moreover, although asylum-seekers are counted only\nonce in each country, the regional numbers are proportionately higher because some individuals\nseek asylum in more than one country.\n\nThe data in this report is based on information available as at 9 October 2008, unless otherwise\nindicated. **All figures based on monthly statistics should be considered as provisional and**\n**subject to change.** Due to retroactive changes and adjustments, some of the data included in this\npublication may differ slightly from those reported in previous UNHCR documents, or from the\nofficial annual figures published by States. This is the case, for instance, for Germany (see the\nnotes in Table 1 for more information).\n\nAll of the data in this document refer to the number of individuals, with the exception of the\nUnited States of America and Belgium. Only the number of cases (which can include several\n\n\n1 This report has been prepared by the Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS), Division of Operational\nServices at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva. Any questions concerning this document should be addressed to FICSS at\nstats@unhcr.org. For other UNHCR statistics, visit UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database at\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase.\n2 See UNHCR\u2019s _2007 Global Trends_ report (issued June 2008).\n3 The monthly asylum data for Serbia excludes Kosovo.\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly\nasylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.8239156007766724, - "start": 65, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7295989394187927, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9489924311637878, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5810781717300415, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly asylum statistics", - "confidence": 0.688900887966156, - "start": 238, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9883661866188049, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "first six new countries", - "confidence": 0.617115318775177, - "start": 338, - "end": 342 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.8554219603538513, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "asylum data monitoring system", - "confidence": 0.6955309510231018, - "start": 310, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9187707901000977, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "first six new countries", - "confidence": 0.5446138978004456, - "start": 338, - "end": 342 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.7489179968833923, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylumseekers", - "confidence": 0.8530316352844238, - "start": 410, - "end": 411 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly statistics", - "confidence": 0.9378195405006409, - "start": 534, - "end": 536 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5729500651359558, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Germany", - "confidence": 0.561675488948822, - "start": 597, - "end": 598 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8284283876419067, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6658027768135071, - "start": 477, - "end": 478 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical Online Population Database", - "confidence": 0.5684509873390198, - "start": 696, - "end": 700 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5804193615913391, - "start": 648, - "end": 649 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6085525155067444, - "start": 689, - "end": 690 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nindividuals) is available for applications submitted to the Department of Homeland Security\n(DHS). UNHCR has therefore multiplied the total number of asylum cases by a factor of 1.4 to\nestimate the number of individuals, as historical data suggest that, on average, one case equals\n1.4 individuals. Applications submitted to the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR),\nhowever, are recorded as individuals. Owing to the large variation in family size by nationality,\nthe analysis by country of origin in the United States of America is based on a combination of\nthe number of cases (DHS) and the number of individuals (EOIR). In the case of Belgium,\naccompanying dependents are not included in the figures.\n\n## II. Overview of regional trends [4]\n\nMonthly asylum statistics for Italy are available only from January 2008. This poses difficulties\nwhen analysing trends in the 44 industrialized countries over time. As a consequence, all asylum\ntrends provided in this section exclude Italy. The latter is, however, included when data for 2008\nonly is referred to.\n\nThe number of asylum claims submitted in industrialized countries in 2007 rose by 9 per cent\ncompared to 2006. This upward trend has continued during the first half of 2008 with data\nshowing an increase of 3 per cent compared to the first half of 2007. Overall, an estimated\n165,100 asylum claims were submitted in the 44 industrialized countries during the first half of\n2008.\n\nAn analysis of semester trends of monthly asylum data available to UNHCR (1999-2008) shows\na relatively clear seasonal pattern. Every year, with the exception of 2004, the number of asylum\napplications submitted during the first semester was lower than during the second semester.\nAssuming that current patterns remain unchanged, it may be expected that the number of asylum\nclaims lodged in the 44 industrialized countries during the whole of 2008 could be between\n330,000 and 360,000. In other words, the number of asylum claims lodged during 2008 might go\nup by some 10 per cent, when compared to 2007.\n\nIn the 38 **European** countries **Asylum claims lodged in selected regions by semester**\nincluded in this report, close to\n\n|1st 2006* 2nd 2006* 1st 2007* 2nd 2007* 1st 2008*|1st 2008**|\n|---|---|\n|Europe
99,300

111,400

111,500

122,300

112,800

- EU-total
89,800

99,500

99,700

108,200

96,300

- EU-old
81,000

88,600

90,200

92,300

86,700

- EU-new
8,700

11,000

9,500

15,900

9,700

USA/Canada
36,300

38,500

38,400

39,500

42,200

Japan/ Rep. of
Korea
620

610

690

840

840

Australia/ New
Zealand
1,900

1,900

2,100

2,200

2,100
|120,000

103,500

93,900

9,700

42,200

840

2,100
|\n|Total
138,120

152,410

152,690

164,840

157,940
|165,140
|\n\n\n\nregistered 103,500 new asylum _* All figures exclude Italy. ** All figures include Italy._\n\nSee notes in Table 1 for list of countries included.\n\napplications during the first six\nmonths of 2008. Excluding Italy, where no pre-2008 monthly data is available, the EU-26\nrecorded more than 96,300 new claims during the first semester of 2008, 11 per cent less than\nduring the second half of 2007, and 3 per cent less compared to the first half of 2007.\n\nWith 6,600 asylum claims registered during the first half of 2008, countries in **Central Europe**\nwitnessed a 12 per cent increase compared to the corresponding period of 2007. The 2008 figure,\nhowever, was 43 per cent below the one registered during the second half of 2007.\n\n\n\n**Asylum claims lodged in selected regions by semester**\n\n\n\n\n_* All figures exclude Italy. ** All figures include Italy._\nSee notes in Table 1 for list of countries included.\n\n\n\n4 See notes in Table 1 for a list of countries included under each regional grouping.\n\n\n_**3**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\n**Southern Europe** experienced a significant decrease in asylum applications in the first six\nmonths of 2008 compared to the last half of 2007 (-10%), and in particular compared to the\ncorresponding period of 2007 (-20%). [5] This decrease, however, was not uniform across the\nregion. In Malta, for instance, the number of asylum claims lodged during the first six months of\nthe year in fact tripled compared to the first half of 2007 while in Turkey they went up by 50 per\ncent. It is important to note that the 2007 figures in Southern Europe were exceptionally high\nbecause of, among others, new arrivals, particularly from Iraq. Overall, Southern Europe\nreceived 27,800 asylum applications during the first semester of 2008.\n\nSimilar to Southern Europe, the **Nordic region** accounted for a decrease in new asylum claims,\nalbeit at a lower level. Here, a total of 19,700 persons applied for refugee status between January\nand June 2008, a striking 19 per cent decrease compared to the last half of 2007 and 9 per cent\nless compared to the first six months of 2007 ( _see Table 1_ ). This decrease has been caused\nprimarily by fewer individuals applying for asylum in Sweden. This is in stark contrast to the\nother Nordic countries which witnessed either increases or remained stable. Indeed, Norway\nrecorded 5,400 applications between January and June 2008, the highest level in one semester\nsince the second half of 2003 (10,000).\n\nThe number of asylum claims submitted in **North America** during the first six months of 2008\n(42,200) increased by 10 and 7 per cent respectively, compared to the first (38,400) and second\n(39,500) semesters of 2007, primarily as a result of more individuals requesting refugee status in\nthe United States of America. The number of asylum-seekers in **Australia** remained stable\nduring the first half of 2008 (2,000 claims), compared to both semesters of 2007. In **Japan**, 670\nindividuals requested refugee status during the first half of 2008: this was the highest level per\nsemester on record since Japan was included in UNHCR\u2019s asylum monitoring system, [6] up from\n370 applications in the corresponding period last year.\n\n## **III. Countries of asylum**\n\nThe **United States of America** has\nbeen the by far largest single recipient\nof new asylum claims during the first\n\napplication, some 2,900 more than\n\nbut 1,600 less than during the first\n\nAmerica received 15 per cent of all\n\nthis report. Its annual share in the\nnumber of new asylum claims\nreceived among the group of industrialized countries remained fairly stable in recent years,\nranging between 16 and 19 per cent.\n\n**Canada** ranked second among the 44 industrialized countries, with 16,800 new applications\nregistered during the first half of 2008. This means that on average every tenth application in the\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Figures exclude Italy.\n6 Monthly asylum data for Japan is available from 2002.\n\n\n\n_**4**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.644717276096344, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8950586915016174, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7685819268226624, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 1_", - "confidence": 0.5371053218841553, - "start": 239, - "end": 241 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5714049339294434, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.625583291053772, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5455410480499268, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "6 Monthly asylum data", - "confidence": 0.9041673541069031, - "start": 601, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Japan", - "confidence": 0.999871015548706, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.9999079704284668, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\nindustrialized world was received by Canada. The figure has remained fairly stable compared to\nthe second semester of 2007 (17,000 claims), but was 48 per cent higher than during the first half\nof 2007 (11,400). Indeed, the last two semesters were the highest levels witnessed since the\nsecond half of 2003.\n\n**Trends in asylum claims lodged in 44 industrialized countries:**\n\n\n\n**France** has been the leading asylum-seeker receiving country among the group of industrialized\ncountries for much of 2003, 2004 and 2005. While figures have decreased sharply ever since, at\ntimes by even more than 50 per cent, the latest statistics indicate that the trend is reversing once\nagain. The 15,600 claims submitted between January and June 2008 constituted an increase of 6\nper cent compared to the corresponding period of 2007 (14,700), and an 8 per cent increase\ncompared to the second half of 2007 (14,500). Much of the recent development can be attributed\nto asylum-seekers from Mali who lodged more than 1,600 asylum claims between January and\nJune 2008, compared to a total of 610 during the whole of 2007. France was thus the third largest\nrecipient of asylum-seekers among the industrialized\n\nThe **United Kingdom** ranked forth among the 44\n\nhalf of 2007 (12,700). These figures are, however, far\nbelow those of the peak year of 2002 when some 103,000\nindividuals requested refugee status in the United\nKingdom.\n\nFollowing a significant decrease in the number of people, particularly Iraqis, requesting refugee\nstatus in the country, **Sweden** dropped from the second to the fifth largest recipient of new\nasylum-seekers during the first semester of 2008. A total of 12,300 people lodged an asylum\napplication during this period, a 34 per cent decrease compared to the 18,600 claims which had\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**5**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nbeen lodged during the second semester of 2007. Sweden was followed by **Germany** (10,700\nclaims during January-June 2008), **Greece** (10,200), **Italy** (7,200), and **Switzerland** (5,900).\n\n## **IV. Origin of asylum-seekers**\n\n**Iraq** remained the leading country of origin of asylum applicants during the first six months of\n2008. Despite fewer of its citizens lodging asylum claims in the 44 industrialized countries, the\nnumber of Iraqi claims was twice higher than of those submitted by asylum-seekers originating\nfrom the **Russian Federation**, the second most important source country **.** Other important\nsource countries of asylum-seekers are **China**, **Somalia**, **Pakistan**, **Afghanistan**, and **Serbia** .\n\n\n**Main countries of origin of asylum-** Iraq again became the main country of\n**seekers, January-June 2008** origin of asylum-seekers in industrialized\n19,500\n\ncountries in 2006, after having been the\nmain source country previously in 2000 and\n2002. This trend has continued into 2007\n\n\n6,300 6,300 6,200\n5,200 4,800 4,600 were lodged in the 44 industrialized\n\ncountries. During the first half of 2008,\nIraqis lodged 19,500 asylum claims or 12\n\nIRQ RUS CHI SOM PAK AFG SRB MEX NIG IRN per cent of all applications in the 44\n\nindustrialized countries. [7] This constitutes a\nsignificant decrease compared to 2007: 18 per cent compared to the last six months of 2007\n(23,500; excluding Italy) and almost 10 per cent compared to the first half of 2007 (21,400;\nexcluding Italy).\n\nThe decrease in Iraqi claims was particularly significant between April and June of 2008 when\n8,800 Iraqis applied for asylum in the 44 industrialized countries, the lowest quarterly level since\nthe fourth quarter of 2006. During the first six months of 2008, Iraqis lodged asylum applications\nin 36 out of the 44 industrialized countries covered by this report. One in five of the 19,500 Iraqi\napplications were submitted in **Sweden** (3,900), the latter having attracted the highest number of\nIraqi asylum-seekers for some time.\n**Germany** registered 3,400 Iraqi asylum\n\nnot one of \u201carmed conflict\u201d led to a\nsignificant fall in recognition rates and a\nshift in flows. [8] Arrivals in Sweden thus\ndropped but rose in Germany, the\nNetherlands and Norway.\n\n**Greece** recorded some 1,200 Iraqi claims between January and June 2008, as compared to 3,500\nduring the same period of 2007, while the **Netherlands** and **Turkey** [9] recorded 2,400 and 2,700\nIraqi applications respectively during the first semester of 2008.\n\n7 Some 285 Iraqi asylum claims were submitted in Italy during the first six months of 2008 compared to 190 in 2007. Given the\nrelatively low number of Iraqi claims in Italy, the trend remains unchanged.\n8 Swedish Migration Court of Appeal, caseno. UN23-06, 26 February 2007.\n9 Refers to asylum applications submitted to UNHCR.\n\n\n\n**Main countries of origin of asylum-**\n**seekers, January-June 2008**\n19,500\n\n\n\n9,400 8,700\n7,400\n6,300 6,300 6,200\n5,200 4,800 4,600\n\n\n\nIRQ RUS CHI SOM PAK AFG SRB MEX NIG IRN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**6**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n\nSimilar to the second semester of 2007, asylum-seekers originating from the **Russian**\n**Federation** were the second largest group, with 9,400 new claims recorded during the first six\nmonths of 2008, thus accounting for 6 per cent of all asylum claims in the 44 industrialized\ncountries. The first half of 2008, however, witnessed a 23 per cent drop in the number of Russian\nasylum claims compared to the second half of 2007(12,200 claims). [10] This significant decrease\ncan be attributed primarily to Poland, the main destination for Russian asylum-seekers in 2007\nand 2008. Indeed, the Polish authorities registered about half the number of Russian claims\nbetween January and June 2008 (2,800) as compared to the period from June to December 2007\n(5,400).\n\nThe number of new asylum applications submitted by citizens from **China** has remained fairly\nstable. Some 8,700 Chinese asylum-seekers were registered in the first half of 2008, virtually the\nsame number as in the preceding two semesters (8,600 each). Since 2002, however, the number\nof Chinese nationals requesting asylum in the 44 industrialized countries has declined by one\nthird, and in 2007 reached its lowest level in a decade.\n\nWhile the top three source countries of\n\nstable trend, the number of **Somali** asylum\n\nduring the first half of 2008, reflecting the\ndeteriorating situation in the country.\n\nseekers were registered in the 44\n\nand June 2008. This figure compares to the\n5,000 Somali claims in the first half, and\n6,600 in the second half of 2007. Both figures, however, exclude data for Italy where no monthly\nasylum statistics are available. [11] The 7,400 Somali asylum applications submitted in the first\nsemester of 2008 are the highest level on record since the second semester of 2003 (9,300\nasylum claims, excluding Italy), making it the fourth largest source country of asylum-seekers\namong the 44 industrialized countries.\n\nWith more than 6,300 asylum claims lodged by its citizens during the first semester of 2008,\n**Pakistan** became the fifth most important source country of asylum-seekers, after having been\nthird only one year ago. This drop comes mainly as a result of fewer Pakistani citizens applying\nfor asylum in Greece (-19%).\n\nAs for Somalis, the number of **Afghan** citizens requesting refugee status in the industrialized\nworld continues to increase. With close to 6,300 new applications recorded during the first six\nmonths of 2008, Afghanistan is now the sixth most important source country of asylum-seekers.\nExcluding the 700 Afghan asylum claims lodged in Italy between January and June 2008, the\nincrease amounted to 22 per cent compared to the corresponding period of 2007, and to 42 per\ncent since the corresponding period of 2006.\n\nOther important source countries of asylum-seekers in the 44 industrialized countries during the\nfirst half of 2008 were **Serbia** (6,200 claims), **Mexico** (5,200), **Nigeria** (4,800), the **Islamic**\n**Republic of Iran** and **Sri Lanka** (4,600 each).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 Italy registered 36 Russian asylum claims in 2007. Given the low number, the trend remains unchanged.\n11 Italy registered 760 Somali asylum claims during 2007.\n\n\n_**7**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\nExcluding Italy due to the unavailability of comparable data, applications by half of the 40 main\nasylum-seeker nationalities increased during the first six months of 2008 as compared to the last\nsix months of 2007. Among the major source countries of asylum-seekers, significant increases\nwere registered by asylum applicants from **Mali** (+174%), **Zimbabwe** (+29%), **Myanmar**\n(+23%), **Afghanistan** (+16%), **Sri Lanka** (+14%), **C\u00f4te d'Ivoire** (+14%), **Georgia** (+13%), and\nthe **Democratic Republic of the Congo** (+12%). Conversely, among countries of origin whose\nnationals lodged 1,000 or more asylum claims during the first semester of 2008, major decreases\nwere recorded among asylum applicants originating from **Colombia** (-32%), the **Russian**\n**Federation** (-23%), **Serbia** (-19%), **Iraq** (-18%), **Pakistan** and **Eritrea** (-12% each).\n\nThe distribution of asylum-seekers in industrialized countries as described above reflects general\ntrends. However, these figures hide the fact that certain nationalities tend to cluster in a limited\nnumber of countries. For instance, virtually all applications lodged by **Mexican** nationals during\nthe first half of 2008 were submitted in Canada (72%) or the United States of America (28%), a\nphenomenon which has been observed for some years now. More than half of all **Chinese**\nasylum applications (57%) lodged during the first semester of 2008 were submitted in the United\nStates of America alone, and more than half of the 6,300 asylum applications from individuals\noriginating from **Pakistan** were lodged in Greece (56%).\n\nOn average, 6 out of 10 **Iraqi** asylum claims were lodged in four countries: Sweden (20%),\nGermany (18%), Turkey (14%), and the Netherlands (12%). The same proportion can be\nobserved for the 6,500 asylum applicants from the **Russian Federation** who were registered\nmainly in Poland (30%), France (18%), and Austria (16%). **Somali** asylum requests, on the other\nhand, were concentrated in four countries, namely Sweden (23%), the Netherlands (19%), the\nUnited Kingdom (12%), and Italy (10%). More than half of the 6,300 **Afghan** asylum claims\nwere lodged in the United Kingdom (26%), Greece (16%), and Italy (11%).\n\n\n_**8**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.7769303321838379, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5116982460021973, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seeker nationalities", - "confidence": 0.6317974328994751, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|**Table 1. Quarterly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, 2006 to second quarter 2008**
See footnotes on next page.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Albania|5
|7
|4
|5
|12
|11
|3
|2
|5
|2
|92%|-70%|-42%|40%|\n|Australia|816
|912
|926
|854
|912
|1,039
|1,022
|998
|940
|1,024
|13%|1%|14%|-3%|\n|Austria|3,399
|2,937
|3,355
|3,658
|3,064
|2,645
|2,948
|3,264
|2,815
|2,533
|-10%|-6%|-16%|-14%|\n|Belgium|2,960
|2,558
|2,696
|3,373
|2,802
|2,728
|2,565
|3,020
|2,941
|2,777
|0%|3%|4%|2%|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|28
|9
|18
|13
|5
|454
|55
|58
|52
|16
|1141%|-85%|84%|-40%|\n|Bulgaria|171
|151
|85
|160
|231
|209
|232
|303
|236
|181
|37%|-5%|30%|-22%|\n|Canada|5,288
|4,794
|6,601
|6,224
|5,890
|5,490
|7,587
|9,375
|8,408
|8,411
|13%|48%|67%|-1%|\n|Croatia|37
|20
|18
|19
|31
|35
|51
|78
|38
|30
|16%|3%|19%|-47%|\n|Cyprus|1,182
|904
|960
|1,499
|1,651
|1,649
|1,381
|2,108
|1,117
|896
|58%|-39%|-3%|-42%|\n|Czech Rep.|760
|750
|911
|595
|464
|382
|471
|561
|582
|349
|-44%|10%|-38%|-10%|\n|Denmark|566
|388
|454
|512
|603
|376
|407
|486
|542
|454
|3%|2%|4%|12%|\n|Estonia|2
|1
|1
|9
|1
|5
|1
|2
|3
|3
|100%|0%|100%|100%|\n|Finland|568
|537
|652
|531
|308
|296
|451
|379
|386
|606
|-45%|64%|-10%|20%|\n|France|9,300
|7,147
|6,672
|7,566
|7,656
|7,037
|6,774
|7,691
|7,649
|7,981
|-11%|6%|-5%|8%|\n|Germany|5,888
|4,698
|4,920
|5,107
|4,430
|3,791
|5,172
|5,140
|5,760
|4,965
|-22%|30%|1%|4%|\n|Greece|1,536
|1,895
|1,982
|6,854
|7,446
|7,148
|5,456
|5,063
|4,916
|5,248
|325%|-30%|196%|-3%|\n|Hungary|434
|565
|612
|498
|509
|696
|770
|1,444
|709
|517
|21%|2%|23%|-45%|\n|Iceland|7
|9
|8
|14
|10
|7
|17
|8
|13
|19
|6%|88%|100%|28%|\n|Ireland|1,156
|972
|1,067
|1,119
|1,065
|911
|970
|1,039
|924
|929
|-7%|-6%|-13%|-8%|\n|Italy|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|3,037
|4,180
|..|..|..|..|\n|Japan|238
|285
|260
|171
|163
|206
|201
|246
|307
|364
|-29%|82%|28%|50%|\n|Latvia|4
|-
|1
|3
|4
|9
|19
|2
|4
|5
|225%|-31%|125%|-57%|\n|Liechtenstein|7
|24
|11
|5
|4
|10
|10
|8
|10
|6
|-55%|14%|-48%|-11%|\n|Lithuania|24
|26
|55
|56
|47
|21
|15
|33
|33
|33
|36%|-3%|32%|38%|\n|Luxembourg|98
|103
|171
|152
|101
|97
|124
|104
|99
|99
|-1%|0%|-1%|-13%|\n|Malta|291
|369
|302
|310
|257
|140
|405
|577
|478
|623
|-40%|177%|67%|12%|\n|Montenegro|-
|-
|5
|12
|2
|-
|-
|-
|3
|2
|..|150%|..|..|\n|Netherlands|5,171
|3,839
|2,962
|2,493
|1,660
|1,373
|1,845
|2,224
|2,656
|3,109
|-66%|90%|-36%|42%|\n|New Zealand|78
|69
|76
|53
|67
|48
|60
|73
|71
|63
|-22%|17%|-9%|1%|\n|Norway|1,310
|1,075
|1,516
|1,419
|1,215
|1,233
|1,927
|2,153
|2,479
|2,924
|3%|121%|127%|32%|\n|Poland|801
|871
|1,354
|1,197
|717
|659
|1,526
|4,214
|1,503
|1,507
|-18%|119%|80%|-48%|\n|Portugal|41
|15
|44
|28
|67
|76
|37
|41
|31
|62
|155%|-35%|66%|19%|\n|Rep. of Korea|42
|53
|79
|104
|167
|154
|122
|274
|102
|70
|238%|-46%|81%|-57%|\n|Romania|81
|95
|78
|124
|87
|115
|278
|179
|189
|169
|15%|77%|103%|-22%|\n|Serbia|3
|7
|22
|12
|6
|6
|22
|30
|25
|7
|20%|167%|220%|-38%|\n|Slovakia|379
|641
|898
|953
|670
|822
|769
|382
|172
|247
|46%|-72%|-59%|-64%|\n|Slovenia|97
|111
|198
|112
|62
|121
|140
|104
|42
|72
|-12%|-38%|-45%|-53%|\n|Spain|1,153
|1,351
|1,194
|1,609
|2,333
|1,849
|1,440
|1,841
|1,150
|1,211
|67%|-44%|-6%|-28%|\n|Sweden|5,013
|3,846
|6,620
|8,842
|9,228
|8,393
|9,423
|9,163
|7,047
|5,220
|99%|-30%|38%|-34%|\n|Switzerland|2,616
|2,497
|2,862
|3,198
|3,142
|2,450
|2,408
|2,844
|2,786
|3,159
|9%|6%|16%|13%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|7
|4
|7
|4
|4
|10
|7
|12
|7
|6
|27%|-7%|18%|-32%|\n|Turkey|796
|1,052
|1,427
|1,273
|1,202
|2,019
|2,476
|1,945
|2,210
|2,629
|74%|50%|162%|9%|\n|United Kingdom|7,530
|6,380
|7,105
|6,835
|6,750
|5,920
|7,090
|8,140
|7,705
|6,840
|-9%|15%|5%|-4%|\n|United States (EOIR)|4,367
|4,562
|3,990
|4,261
|4,142
|3,683
|2,731
|3,448
|3,338
|3,753
|-12%|-9%|-21%|15%|\n|United States (DHS)|8,532
|8,786
|8,637
|8,746
|9,344
|9,842
|8,021
|8,308
|9,002
|9,286
|11%|-5%|6%|12%|\n|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|**Totals excluding Italy**|\n|EU-old (14)|44,379
|36,666
|39,894
|48,679
|47,513
|42,640
|44,702
|47,595
|44,621
|42,034
|11%|-4%|7%|-6%|\n|EU-new (12)|4,226
|4,484
|5,455
|5,516
|4,700
|4,828
|6,007
|9,909
|5,068
|4,602
|9%|1%|11%|-39%|\n|EU-total (26)|48,605
|41,150
|45,349
|54,195
|52,213
|47,468
|50,709
|57,504
|49,689
|46,636
|11%|-3%|7%|-11%|\n|Nordic region (5)|7,464
|5,855
|9,250
|11,318
|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,467
|9,223
|63%|-9%|48%|-19%|\n|Western Europe (18)|48,319
|40,271
|44,291
|53,315
|51,884
|46,340
|49,064
|52,608
|49,909
|48,142
|11%|0%|11%|-4%|\n|Central Europe (11)|2,790
|3,231
|4,211
|3,726
|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,511
|3,113
|-2%|12%|10%|-43%|\n|Southern Europe (7)|5,004
|5,593
|5,913
|11,578
|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|9,907
|10,671
|144%|-20%|94%|-10%|\n|Europe (37)|53,421
|45,854
|51,247
|60,169
|57,846
|53,703
|57,685
|64,642
|57,317
|55,436
|12%|1%|14%|-8%|\n|Non-Europe (6)|19,361
|19,461
|20,569
|20,413
|20,685
|20,462
|19,744
|22,722
|22,168
|22,971
|6%|10%|16%|6%|\n|North America (2)|18,187
|18,142
|19,228
|19,231
|19,376
|19,015
|18,339
|21,131
|20,748
|21,450
|6%|10%|16%|7%|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|894
|981
|1,002
|907
|979
|1,087
|1,082
|1,071
|1,011
|1,087
|10%|2%|12%|-3%|\n|**Total (43)**|**72,782**
|**65,315**
|**71,816**
|**80,582**
|**78,531**
|**74,165**
|**77,429**
|**87,364**
|**79,485**
|**78,407**
|**11%**|**3%**|**14%**|**-4%**|\n|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|**Totals including Italy**|\n|EU-old (15)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|47,658
|46,214
|..|..|..|..|\n|EU-total (27)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|52,726
|50,816
|..|..|..|..|\n|Western Europe (19)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|52,946
|52,322
|..|..|..|..|\n|Southern Europe (8)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|12,944
|14,851
|..|..|..|..|\n|Europe (38)|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|60,354
|59,616
|..|..|..|..|\n|**Total (44)**|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|**82,522**
|**82,587**
|..|..|..|..|\n|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|**Note**
Source: Governments, UNHCR. See Notes on next page for footnotes and country-specific information.|\n\n\n\n_**9**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n_**10**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 2. Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all 44 asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,862
|3,900
|5,785
|8,389
|10,732
|10,695
|11,742
|11,743
|10,556
|8,627
|145%|-10%|119%|-18%|10,665

4,100

5,174

3,460

3,191

3,058

3,339

2,514

2,299

2,400

2,262

1,773

2,114

1,974

1,299

1,162

947

1,257

637

1,009

1,163

1,216

951

788

870

729

783

625

575

872

555

519

508

433

514

445

580

458

235

478

12,021
|8,803

4,565

4,196

3,961

3,143

3,207

2,893

2,679

2,292

2,209

2,554

1,875

1,930

1,596

1,304

1,298

1,229

1,216

1,213

1,195

1,167

1,392

1,025

928

863

748

683

623

604

847

634

551

545

460

456

450

406

387

382

381

12,021
|\n|China|4,588
|4,442
|4,789
|4,583
|4,430
|4,194
|4,091
|4,476
|4,089
|4,548
|-4%|0%|-4%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Russian Federation|3,524
|3,491
|4,433
|4,274
|3,323
|3,273
|4,228
|7,945
|5,174
|4,192
|-6%|42%|34%|-23%|-23%|-23%|\n|Somalia|1,882
|1,755
|2,257
|2,187
|2,577
|2,413
|3,247
|3,342
|3,337
|3,307
|37%|33%|83%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Pakistan|1,490
|1,480
|1,683
|2,968
|4,004
|3,366
|3,916
|2,984
|3,085
|3,013
|148%|-17%|105%|-12%|-12%|-12%|\n|Afghanistan|2,002
|1,921
|1,954
|2,795
|2,283
|2,265
|2,185
|2,597
|2,774
|2,791
|16%|22%|42%|16%|16%|16%|\n|Serbia*|4,550
|3,515
|3,735
|4,010
|3,936
|3,728
|3,774
|3,525
|3,198
|2,719
|-5%|-23%|-27%|-19%|-19%|-19%|\n|Mexico|1,281
|1,524
|1,980
|1,975
|2,112
|2,318
|2,565
|2,565
|2,514
|2,679
|58%|17%|85%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,395
|1,252
|1,337
|1,793
|1,875
|1,746
|1,941
|2,005
|2,239
|2,253
|37%|24%|70%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|2,513
|2,392
|2,783
|2,961
|1,996
|1,809
|2,273
|2,555
|2,375
|2,194
|-22%|20%|-7%|-5%|-5%|-5%|\n|Nigeria|1,798
|1,430
|1,445
|1,723
|1,634
|1,467
|1,688
|1,894
|1,881
|1,972
|-4%|24%|19%|8%|8%|8%|\n|Haiti|2,361
|1,944
|1,462
|1,274
|1,540
|1,418
|1,773
|1,910
|1,773
|1,875
|-31%|23%|-15%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Eritrea|1,449
|1,174
|1,637
|2,122
|1,660
|1,060
|1,758
|2,422
|1,841
|1,858
|4%|36%|41%|-12%|-12%|-12%|\n|Turkey|2,545
|2,051
|1,965
|2,154
|1,889
|1,642
|1,495
|1,804
|1,859
|1,534
|-23%|-4%|-26%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Colombia|1,174
|1,619
|1,382
|1,972
|1,177
|1,602
|1,430
|2,359
|1,295
|1,297
|-1%|-7%|-7%|-32%|-32%|-32%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|894
|854
|884
|1,119
|1,443
|1,429
|1,120
|1,528
|1,153
|1,290
|64%|-15%|40%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Georgia|937
|850
|969
|893
|830
|1,299
|954
|963
|943
|1,224
|19%|2%|21%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,784
|1,374
|1,245
|1,255
|1,293
|1,277
|1,053
|1,149
|1,254
|1,206
|-19%|-4%|-22%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Mali|148
|109
|122
|122
|168
|235
|267
|392
|618
|1,189
|57%|348%|603%|174%|174%|174%|\n|India|1,335
|1,400
|1,257
|1,392
|1,403
|1,284
|1,217
|1,061
|996
|1,188
|-2%|-19%|-20%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,344
|689
|566
|474
|590
|646
|786
|1,021
|1,161
|1,167
|-39%|88%|15%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Bangladesh|1,028
|978
|1,073
|3,364
|2,448
|1,263
|927
|1,101
|1,075
|1,072
|85%|-42%|7%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Armenia|1,443
|981
|878
|881
|949
|893
|967
|1,116
|950
|1,010
|-24%|6%|-19%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|El Salvador|634
|689
|809
|1,008
|1,025
|955
|747
|859
|787
|925
|50%|-14%|29%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Guinea|663
|642
|598
|636
|744
|695
|719
|741
|797
|803
|10%|11%|23%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Ethiopia|776
|746
|869
|825
|715
|651
|680
|706
|672
|734
|-10%|3%|-8%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Algeria|968
|665
|645
|740
|696
|589
|720
|814
|775
|663
|-21%|12%|-12%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Stateless|469
|501
|615
|604
|640
|595
|765
|715
|623
|622
|27%|1%|28%|-16%|-16%|-16%|\n|United States|173
|109
|192
|225
|268
|239
|590
|788
|574
|604
|80%|132%|318%|-15%|-15%|-15%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|707
|559
|561
|616
|618
|493
|522
|492
|568
|590
|-12%|4%|-9%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Cameroon|704
|606
|588
|604
|545
|475
|526
|523
|521
|578
|-22%|8%|-16%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Guatemala|415
|439
|476
|622
|733
|739
|430
|558
|516
|551
|72%|-28%|25%|8%|8%|8%|\n|Sudan|771
|827
|700
|728
|572
|479
|462
|500
|412
|511
|-34%|-12%|-42%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Myanmar|308
|427
|359
|313
|323
|338
|335
|389
|431
|458
|-10%|34%|21%|23%|23%|23%|\n|Viet Nam|548
|540
|505
|472
|497
|636
|555
|920
|514
|455
|4%|-14%|-11%|-34%|-34%|-34%|\n|Albania|609
|459
|432
|418
|416
|355
|404
|525
|440
|443
|-28%|15%|-17%|-5%|-5%|-5%|\n|Lebanon|394
|281
|1,261
|811
|706
|490
|538
|474
|552
|394
|77%|-21%|40%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Azerbaijan|908
|665
|538
|434
|326
|330
|403
|436
|457
|387
|-58%|29%|-46%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Moldova|432
|592
|795
|759
|544
|395
|524
|306
|230
|378
|-8%|-35%|-41%|-27%|-27%|-27%|\n|Mongolia|669
|415
|415
|461
|445
|443
|419
|390
|478
|376
|-18%|-4%|-21%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Other|13,871
|12,517
|13,367
|13,127
|11,758
|11,133
|10,403
|12,397
|11,428
|12,078
|-13%|3%|-11%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Total|70,346
|62,804
|69,346
|78,083
|75,863
|71,352
|75,139
|84,990
|76,915
|75,755
|11%|4%|15%|-5%|79,952
|79,935
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**11**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.5826956033706665, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8469740748405457, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.635118842124939, - "start": 214, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5483882427215576, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6438130140304565, - "start": 238, - "end": 240 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.5730709433555603, - "start": 323, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6040298342704773, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6356363296508789, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries by origin", - "confidence": 0.5542082786560059, - "start": 650, - "end": 658 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.7467013001441956, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.8164221048355103, - "start": 605, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7543933391571045, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.699220597743988, - "start": 674, - "end": 676 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.6252275705337524, - "start": 759, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6758939623832703, - "start": 783, - "end": 785 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.7309415936470032, - "start": 1086, - "end": 1092 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.8739603757858276, - "start": 1097, - "end": 1098 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.5704962611198425, - "start": 1110, - "end": 1112 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 3. Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Covering all European asylum countries listed in Table 1. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,647
|3,716
|5,544
|8,071
|10,414
|10,394
|11,393
|11,429
|10,224
|8,280
|149%|-11%|121%|-19%|10,333

4,952

3,282

2,917

2,955

3,218

2,176

1,812

2,004

1,973

1,833

1,004

1,125

926

572

1,096

958

1,111

876

630

731

753

580

800

446

469

446

368

368

431

240

346

301

483

222

183

182

223

269

317

6,445
|8,456

3,874

3,785

2,882

3,087

2,790

2,050

1,848

2,353

1,792

1,489

1,322

1,268

1,193

1,170

1,095

986

1,271

952

753

753

666

575

779

483

409

369

421

361

338

323

321

315

320

291

275

264

277

267

439

6,955
|\n|Russian Federation|3,300
|3,178
|4,174
|4,054
|3,096
|2,928
|4,024
|7,705
|4,952
|3,870
|-7%|46%|36%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|Somalia|1,761
|1,659
|2,146
|2,096
|2,452
|2,323
|3,142
|3,205
|3,159
|3,131
|40%|32%|84%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Pakistan|1,162
|1,139
|1,379
|2,727
|3,766
|3,141
|3,704
|2,705
|2,811
|2,752
|200%|-19%|142%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Afghanistan|1,926
|1,861
|1,859
|2,699
|2,169
|2,168
|2,084
|2,501
|2,671
|2,671
|15%|23%|41%|17%|17%|17%|\n|Serbia*|4,447
|3,427
|3,650
|3,915
|3,832
|3,618
|3,686
|3,390
|3,077
|2,616
|-5%|-24%|-28%|-20%|-20%|-20%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|2,317
|2,226
|2,580
|2,763
|1,841
|1,666
|2,099
|2,368
|2,151
|2,035
|-23%|19%|-8%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Sri Lanka|1,065
|919
|970
|1,358
|1,473
|1,364
|1,555
|1,586
|1,752
|1,809
|43%|26%|79%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Nigeria|1,592
|1,239
|1,228
|1,459
|1,391
|1,249
|1,405
|1,576
|1,623
|1,771
|-7%|29%|20%|14%|14%|14%|\n|Eritrea|1,340
|1,062
|1,543
|2,017
|1,550
|953
|1,627
|2,293
|1,700
|1,720
|4%|37%|42%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Turkey|2,429
|1,924
|1,801
|2,051
|1,813
|1,574
|1,409
|1,699
|1,718
|1,427
|-22%|-7%|-28%|1%|1%|1%|\n|China|1,495
|1,372
|1,695
|1,456
|1,461
|1,416
|1,606
|1,448
|993
|1,305
|0%|-20%|-20%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|852
|834
|855
|1,073
|1,407
|1,403
|1,092
|1,483
|1,116
|1,260
|67%|-15%|41%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Georgia|906
|796
|927
|868
|806
|1,269
|931
|939
|922
|1,188
|22%|2%|24%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Mali|79
|61
|56
|52
|86
|140
|169
|321
|553
|1,146
|61%|652%|1114%|247%|247%|247%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|1,648
|1,272
|1,084
|1,135
|1,189
|1,178
|939
|1,009
|1,093
|1,085
|-19%|-8%|-25%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,020
|534
|416
|339
|481
|530
|643
|865
|956
|986
|-35%|92%|25%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Bangladesh|910
|878
|984
|3,273
|2,355
|1,176
|843
|1,011
|970
|951
|97%|-46%|7%|4%|4%|4%|\n|Armenia|1,322
|876
|747
|785
|849
|800
|901
|1,051
|875
|937
|-25%|10%|-18%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|India|903
|918
|808
|1,005
|1,006
|795
|878
|657
|617
|746
|-1%|-24%|-25%|-11%|-11%|-11%|\n|Guinea|545
|496
|441
|485
|575
|531
|550
|572
|658
|693
|6%|22%|30%|20%|20%|20%|\n|Algeria|952
|639
|611
|716
|667
|568
|699
|774
|745
|646
|-22%|13%|-13%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Stateless|445
|474
|586
|551
|598
|553
|727
|663
|578
|574
|25%|0%|25%|-17%|-17%|-17%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|624
|490
|453
|518
|513
|399
|407
|400
|496
|522
|-18%|12%|-9%|26%|26%|26%|\n|Sudan|721
|779
|644
|667
|523
|419
|409
|441
|350
|449
|-37%|-15%|-47%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Viet Nam|496
|503
|455
|431
|462
|606
|513
|883
|469
|408
|7%|-18%|-12%|-37%|-37%|-37%|\n|Azerbaijan|892
|647
|513
|409
|313
|315
|389
|421
|445
|369
|-59%|30%|-47%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Cameroon|535
|400
|389
|414
|357
|309
|355
|340
|334
|365
|-29%|5%|-25%|1%|1%|1%|\n|Ethiopia|422
|362
|448
|489
|356
|323
|341
|340
|311
|347
|-13%|-3%|-16%|-3%|-3%|-3%|\n|Mongolia|629
|376
|378
|416
|389
|409
|373
|343
|431
|333
|-21%|-4%|-24%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Albania|328
|266
|269
|266
|295
|246
|266
|326
|235
|316
|-9%|2%|-7%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Colombia|445
|823
|594
|1,092
|382
|876
|489
|1,011
|342
|314
|-1%|-48%|-48%|-56%|-56%|-56%|\n|Angola|473
|417
|368
|360
|328
|295
|248
|250
|299
|314
|-30%|-2%|-31%|23%|23%|23%|\n|Lebanon|337
|233
|963
|643
|576
|394
|421
|371
|455
|308
|70%|-21%|34%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Uzbekistan|190
|160
|264
|236
|115
|248
|225
|156
|222
|291
|4%|41%|47%|35%|35%|35%|\n|Moldova|404
|570
|767
|741
|518
|361
|486
|255
|178
|271
|-10%|-49%|-54%|-39%|-39%|-39%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|165
|142
|144
|214
|233
|144
|129
|148
|182
|264
|23%|18%|45%|61%|61%|61%|\n|Senegal|38
|37
|58
|106
|117
|75
|135
|140
|207
|260
|156%|143%|523%|70%|70%|70%|\n|Congo|397
|281
|271
|282
|306
|295
|246
|315
|255
|245
|-11%|-17%|-26%|-11%|-11%|-11%|\n|Ghana|280
|247
|216
|243
|201
|151
|181
|228
|204
|244
|-33%|27%|-15%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Other|8,984
|7,620
|7,967
|7,694
|6,587
|6,100
|5,968
|7,024
|5,990
|6,218
|-24%|-4%|-26%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Total|53,423
|45,853
|51,245
|60,169
|57,848
|53,702
|57,687
|64,642
|57,319
|55,437
|12%|1%|14%|-8%|60,356
|59,617
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**12**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.7023978233337402, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8494473695755005, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5445225834846497, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.6688400506973267, - "start": 185, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.9364777207374573, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5428586006164551, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "European asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.6407053470611572, - "start": 207, - "end": 210 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Europe by origin", - "confidence": 0.6338958144187927, - "start": 505, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.8245658874511719, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "European asylum countries", - "confidence": 0.5819739699363708, - "start": 527, - "end": 530 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 4. Asylum applications lodged in the European Union* by origin, first quarter 2005 to second quarter 2007**
*All current Member States of the EU, except Italy, for which no data is available 2006-2007.
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008 (excluding Italy).
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|4,123
|3,234
|4,871
|7,147
|9,364
|8,836
|9,628
|10,100
|8,119
|5,964
|147%|-23%|91%|-29%|8,119

4,633

2,798

2,639

2,331

2,484

1,397

1,448

1,550

1,566

924

547

839

1,010

978

953

960

860

998

606

608

680

459

458

407

304

437

301

315

209

399

432

257

171

196

249

207

181

166

205

5,410
|5,964

3,611

2,720

2,511

2,147

2,128

1,485

1,434

1,274

1,266

1,220

1,141

1,116

1,102

988

962

939

924

870

721

616

592

477

393

382

351

345

337

304

297

289

282

275

262

251

243

234

228

226

219

5,511
|\n|Russian Federation|3,079
|2,940
|3,884
|3,818
|2,886
|2,715
|3,721
|7,380
|4,633
|3,611
|-7%|47%|37%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Pakistan|1,124
|1,110
|1,346
|2,704
|3,757
|3,084
|3,681
|2,671
|2,798
|2,720
|206%|-19%|147%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Somalia|1,324
|1,262
|1,652
|1,758
|2,110
|2,000
|2,599
|2,636
|2,639
|2,511
|59%|25%|99%|-2%|-2%|-2%|\n|Afghanistan|1,773
|1,707
|1,675
|2,457
|1,993
|1,924
|1,636
|2,105
|2,331
|2,147
|13%|14%|29%|20%|20%|20%|\n|Serbia*|3,964
|3,014
|3,195
|3,455
|3,379
|2,824
|3,144
|2,888
|2,484
|2,128
|-11%|-26%|-34%|-24%|-24%|-24%|\n|Nigeria|1,470
|1,172
|1,144
|1,367
|1,313
|1,156
|1,278
|1,426
|1,397
|1,485
|-7%|17%|9%|7%|7%|7%|\n|Sri Lanka|970
|824
|844
|1,156
|1,293
|1,125
|1,317
|1,311
|1,448
|1,434
|35%|19%|61%|10%|10%|10%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|1,804
|1,435
|1,634
|2,192
|1,483
|1,202
|1,432
|1,697
|1,550
|1,274
|-17%|5%|-13%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Turkey|2,243
|1,723
|1,622
|1,839
|1,600
|1,418
|1,253
|1,555
|1,566
|1,266
|-24%|-6%|-29%|1%|1%|1%|\n|China|1,390
|1,266
|1,458
|1,336
|1,323
|1,360
|1,545
|1,393
|924
|1,220
|1%|-20%|-19%|-27%|-27%|-27%|\n|Mali|69
|57
|51
|50
|86
|138
|168
|315
|547
|1,141
|78%|654%|1240%|249%|249%|249%|\n|Georgia|807
|717
|835
|805
|749
|1,209
|866
|881
|839
|1,116
|28%|0%|28%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|786
|789
|798
|1,017
|1,325
|1,350
|1,021
|1,312
|1,010
|1,102
|70%|-21%|34%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|
1,551
|1,201
|978
|1,034
|1,102
|1,110
|862
|888
|978
|988
|-20%|-11%|-29%|12%|12%|12%|\n|Zimbabwe|1,011
|525
|407
|337
|477
|520
|638
|859
|953
|962
|-35%|92%|25%|28%|28%|28%|\n|Bangladesh|892
|854
|968
|3,253
|2,345
|1,168
|835
|991
|960
|939
|101%|-46%|9%|4%|4%|4%|\n|Armenia|1,268
|839
|706
|765
|840
|787
|887
|1,033
|860
|924
|-23%|10%|-15%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Eritrea|1,221
|927
|1,177
|1,057
|771
|655
|1,120
|1,382
|998
|870
|-34%|31%|-13%|-25%|-25%|-25%|\n|India|891
|904
|782
|980
|978
|783
|845
|613
|606
|721
|-2%|-25%|-26%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Guinea|512
|474
|401
|470
|538
|493
|522
|531
|608
|616
|5%|19%|24%|16%|16%|16%|\n|Algeria|890
|588
|557
|669
|630
|538
|655
|726
|680
|592
|-21%|9%|-14%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|580
|454
|398
|483
|481
|344
|372
|354
|459
|477
|-20%|13%|-9%|29%|29%|29%|\n|Viet Nam|486
|486
|447
|419
|453
|588
|502
|869
|458
|393
|7%|-18%|-12%|-38%|-38%|-38%|\n|Stateless|400
|438
|506
|472
|482
|444
|578
|520
|407
|382
|11%|-15%|-6%|-28%|-28%|-28%|\n|Sudan|677
|733
|594
|586
|470
|379
|376
|401
|304
|351
|-40%|-23%|-54%|-16%|-16%|-16%|\n|Azerbaijan|869
|627
|496
|400
|306
|293
|375
|413
|437
|345
|-60%|31%|-48%|-1%|-1%|-1%|\n|Cameroon|475
|345
|357
|367
|315
|278
|305
|301
|301
|337
|-28%|8%|-22%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Colombia|438
|809
|583
|1,079
|363
|864
|484
|998
|315
|304
|-2%|-50%|-50%|-58%|-58%|-58%|\n|Albania|303
|245
|254
|252
|275
|236
|236
|306
|209
|297
|-7%|-1%|-8%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Mongolia|563
|306
|312
|369
|354
|379
|340
|307
|399
|289
|-16%|-6%|-21%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Lebanon|323
|219
|896
|609
|536
|371
|399
|338
|432
|282
|67%|-21%|32%|-3%|-3%|-3%|\n|Angola|434
|375
|316
|320
|291
|257
|215
|210
|257
|275
|-32%|-3%|-34%|25%|25%|25%|\n|Moldova|386
|556
|753
|722
|504
|349
|470
|251
|171
|262
|-9%|-49%|-54%|-40%|-40%|-40%|\n|Senegal|35
|35
|49
|98
|109
|69
|126
|134
|196
|251
|154%|151%|539%|72%|72%|72%|\n|Congo|395
|274
|259
|267
|299
|293
|243
|304
|249
|243
|-12%|-17%|-26%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Uzbekistan|174
|143
|237
|201
|107
|220
|178
|143
|207
|234
|3%|35%|39%|37%|37%|37%|\n|Ghana|274
|239
|212
|236
|197
|145
|172
|215
|181
|228
|-33%|20%|-20%|6%|6%|6%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|141
|130
|130
|204
|215
|130
|106
|126
|166
|226
|27%|14%|45%|69%|69%|69%|\n|Ethiopia|350
|277
|297
|302
|192
|180
|220
|193
|205
|219
|-41%|14%|-32%|3%|3%|3%|\n|Other|8,142
|6,896
|7,266
|7,143
|5,924
|5,253
|5,361
|6,428
|5,410
|5,511
|-26%|-2%|-27%|-7%|-7%|-7%|\n|Total|48,607
|41,149
|45,347
|54,195
|52,215
|47,467
|50,711
|57,504
|49,691
|46,637
|11%|-3%|7%|-11%|49,691
|46,637
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**13**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6246027946472168, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.8411892056465149, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6106863021850586, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9562596678733826, - "start": 201, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9073100686073303, - "start": 206, - "end": 208 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6691524386405945, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.6483633518218994, - "start": 393, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9610939621925354, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5610604882240295, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9450744986534119, - "start": 489, - "end": 496 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.9083704948425293, - "start": 494, - "end": 496 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8126910328865051, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.8204681873321533, - "start": 681, - "end": 688 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.916078507900238, - "start": 686, - "end": 688 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8803796172142029, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.6539860963821411, - "start": 640, - "end": 644 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.9337945580482483, - "start": 777, - "end": 784 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.8960500359535217, - "start": 782, - "end": 784 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7618533968925476, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the European Union", - "confidence": 0.6802950501441956, - "start": 969, - "end": 976 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European Union", - "confidence": 0.7863291501998901, - "start": 974, - "end": 976 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7175681591033936, - "start": 986, - "end": 987 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5242527723312378, - "start": 928, - "end": 932 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figures", - "confidence": 0.6565691232681274, - "start": 5295, - "end": 5296 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 5. Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Iraq|1,589
|1,572
|2,926
|4,601
|5,438
|4,934
|5,268
|5,154
|3,433
|2,213
|228%|-46%|79%|-46%|\n|Somalia|435
|420
|554
|437
|828
|790
|1,002
|1,032
|1,032
|1,210
|89%|39%|162%|10%|\n|Eritrea|196
|157
|280
|298
|312
|258
|470
|634
|559
|591
|61%|102%|226%|4%|\n|Serbia**|878
|480
|734
|808
|764
|610
|1,012
|934
|792
|530
|1%|-4%|-3%|-32%|\n|Russian Federation|392
|284
|457
|405
|422
|382
|556
|583
|613
|528
|19%|42%|69%|0%|\n|Stateless|193
|192
|342
|350
|384
|397
|560
|497
|442
|402
|103%|8%|119%|-20%|\n|Afghanistan|238
|213
|237
|350
|265
|218
|258
|317
|370
|354
|7%|50%|61%|26%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|224
|165
|255
|246
|180
|173
|253
|289
|326
|287
|-9%|74%|58%|13%|\n|Uzbekistan|108
|92
|177
|141
|76
|163
|134
|91
|160
|212
|20%|56%|86%|65%|\n|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|82
|58
|85
|134
|185
|112
|96
|94
|128
|211
|112%|14%|142%|78%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|155
|118
|116
|169
|117
|103
|182
|174
|159
|155
|-19%|43%|15%|-12%|\n|Mongolia|205
|60
|105
|115
|118
|142
|155
|126
|221
|145
|-2%|41%|38%|30%|\n|Nigeria|96
|80
|49
|54
|84
|65
|79
|80
|102
|130
|-15%|56%|32%|46%|\n|Sri Lanka|30
|37
|58
|62
|60
|78
|79
|110
|100
|115
|106%|56%|221%|14%|\n|Belarus|153
|126
|153
|133
|91
|105
|121
|117
|104
|104
|-30%|6%|-25%|-13%|\n|Ethiopia|42
|58
|67
|88
|67
|86
|95
|127
|80
|100
|53%|18%|80%|-19%|\n|Turkey|156
|64
|117
|117
|119
|113
|90
|116
|108
|95
|5%|-13%|-8%|-1%|\n|Armenia|112
|57
|68
|66
|48
|46
|65
|74
|60
|94
|-44%|64%|-9%|11%|\n|Azerbaijan|103
|74
|87
|54
|54
|49
|76
|95
|109
|90
|-42%|93%|12%|16%|\n|Lebanon|54
|48
|403
|268
|217
|113
|168
|106
|122
|83
|224%|-38%|101%|-25%|\n|Algeria|59
|41
|51
|72
|42
|46
|71
|63
|69
|73
|-12%|61%|42%|6%|\n|Yemen|9
|19
|14
|11
|14
|20
|21
|7
|49
|68
|21%|244%|318%|318%|\n|India|49
|59
|88
|96
|55
|48
|75
|62
|32
|66
|-5%|-5%|-9%|-28%|\n|Bulgaria|211
|275
|389
|223
|37
|7
|10
|6
|8
|61
|-91%|57%|-86%|331%|\n|Kazakhstan|20
|16
|13
|29
|22
|24
|29
|38
|35
|60
|28%|107%|164%|42%|\n|Georgia|76
|35
|43
|39
|90
|49
|47
|32
|37
|57
|25%|-32%|-15%|19%|\n|Burundi|80
|79
|124
|87
|64
|50
|81
|60
|59
|57
|-28%|2%|-27%|-18%|\n|Nepal|45
|11
|16
|12
|13
|19
|15
|31
|36
|48
|-43%|163%|50%|83%|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|132
|60
|76
|66
|70
|55
|97
|74
|58
|44
|-35%|-18%|-47%|-40%|\n|Albania|46
|43
|35
|57
|40
|27
|59
|48
|47
|43
|-25%|34%|1%|-16%|\n|China|55
|35
|46
|35
|30
|64
|42
|76
|30
|38
|4%|-28%|-24%|-42%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|57
|43
|43
|45
|38
|35
|36
|49
|66
|37
|-27%|41%|3%|21%|\n|Viet Nam|23
|24
|25
|11
|15
|16
|21
|25
|41
|34
|-34%|142%|60%|63%|\n|Ghana|13
|12
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|20
|28
|32
|-12%|173%|140%|71%|\n|Sudan|19
|14
|28
|20
|30
|19
|33
|38
|16
|30
|48%|-6%|39%|-35%|\n|Bangladesh|37
|41
|39
|15
|13
|36
|33
|36
|28
|28
|-37%|14%|-28%|-19%|\n|Egypt|18
|16
|18
|46
|32
|25
|45
|24
|16
|28
|68%|-23%|29%|-36%|\n|Morocco|20
|17
|28
|24
|30
|24
|22
|26
|29
|27
|46%|4%|51%|17%|\n|Cameroon|24
|20
|22
|16
|19
|13
|36
|17
|19
|26
|-27%|41%|2%|-15%|\n|Tunisia|22
|8
|15
|19
|29
|15
|25
|28
|34
|26
|47%|36%|100%|13%|\n|Other|1,008
|632
|862
|1,491
|842
|764
|693
|679
|710
|691
|-2%|-13%|-15%|2%|\n|Total|7,464
|5,855
|9,250
|11,318
|11,364
|10,305
|12,225
|12,189
|10,467
|9,223
|63%|-9%|48%|-19%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**14**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.8172667622566223, - "start": 19, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries", - "confidence": 0.526903510093689, - "start": 48, - "end": 52 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9165235161781311, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6823855638504028, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9018204808235168, - "start": 166, - "end": 173 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9847010374069214, - "start": 171, - "end": 173 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5588379502296448, - "start": 343, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged", - "confidence": 0.603693425655365, - "start": 492, - "end": 500 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9682157635688782, - "start": 348, - "end": 350 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9203885197639465, - "start": 461, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9870308041572571, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.5013688802719116, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.5467789769172668, - "start": 638, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9756278395652771, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in the Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9268677234649658, - "start": 756, - "end": 763 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nordic region", - "confidence": 0.9853169322013855, - "start": 761, - "end": 763 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Dem. Rep. of the Congo", - "confidence": 0.5017687082290649, - "start": 3188, - "end": 3195 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|**Table 6. Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|Russian Federation|830
|978
|1,497
|1,322
|697
|721
|1,496
|4,162
|1,480
|1,481
|-22%|109%|64%|-48%|\n|Serbia**|122
|183
|234
|157
|159
|281
|581
|266
|243
|228
|44%|7%|54%|-44%|\n|Iraq|65
|117
|125
|227
|220
|208
|295
|411
|247
|161
|135%|-5%|124%|-42%|\n|Georgia|125
|106
|128
|120
|68
|104
|94
|87
|57
|110
|-26%|-3%|-28%|-8%|\n|Ukraine|236
|172
|147
|137
|95
|88
|103
|101
|98
|101
|-55%|9%|-51%|-2%|\n|Pakistan|77
|46
|79
|118
|152
|284
|253
|65
|232
|99
|254%|-24%|169%|4%|\n|Turkey|67
|54
|61
|69
|47
|68
|54
|215
|276
|94
|-5%|222%|206%|38%|\n|Somalia|16
|23
|30
|52
|23
|39
|13
|78
|50
|69
|59%|92%|205%|31%|\n|Mongolia|46
|25
|24
|55
|79
|57
|51
|70
|58
|68
|92%|-7%|77%|4%|\n|India|138
|212
|152
|315
|233
|238
|184
|54
|80
|63
|35%|-70%|-59%|-40%|\n|Viet Nam|167
|174
|148
|131
|165
|234
|156
|518
|68
|58
|17%|-68%|-63%|-81%|\n|Afghanistan|103
|110
|50
|87
|48
|46
|65
|65
|47
|57
|-56%|11%|-51%|-20%|\n|Moldova|45
|104
|217
|123
|69
|78
|101
|66
|21
|57
|-1%|-47%|-48%|-53%|\n|China|108
|130
|232
|143
|125
|104
|114
|266
|55
|54
|-4%|-52%|-54%|-71%|\n|Nigeria|63
|54
|71
|69
|55
|39
|57
|64
|42
|33
|-20%|-20%|-36%|-38%|\n|Armenia|45
|45
|42
|50
|29
|43
|53
|40
|45
|32
|-20%|7%|-14%|-17%|\n|Belarus|86
|54
|53
|66
|65
|37
|69
|55
|36
|29
|-27%|-36%|-54%|-48%|\n|Bangladesh|61
|41
|69
|71
|53
|50
|55
|34
|49
|25
|1%|-28%|-27%|-17%|\n|Cuba|13
|3
|10
|13
|24
|11
|52
|54
|17
|25
|119%|20%|163%|-60%|\n|Stateless|32
|48
|28
|25
|58
|36
|41
|34
|29
|24
|18%|-44%|-34%|-29%|\n|Sri Lanka|10
|9
|3
|11
|26
|27
|53
|34
|24
|23
|179%|-11%|147%|-46%|\n|Kazakhstan|25
|164
|50
|22
|8
|13
|12
|12
|26
|20
|-89%|119%|-76%|92%|\n|Kyrgyzstan|28
|11
|28
|28
|45
|8
|7
|10
|9
|18
|36%|-49%|-31%|59%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|23
|13
|16
|15
|17
|24
|15
|26
|14
|16
|14%|-27%|-17%|-27%|\n|Uzbekistan|5
|9
|13
|10
|2
|23
|8
|13
|11
|15
|79%|4%|86%|24%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|14
|22
|20
|28
|21
|31
|47
|47
|10
|15
|44%|-52%|-31%|-73%|\n|Algeria|46
|14
|21
|8
|11
|13
|32
|21
|16
|14
|-60%|25%|-50%|-43%|\n|Occupied Palest. Territ.|22
|41
|40
|50
|27
|14
|14
|44
|20
|13
|-35%|-20%|-48%|-43%|\n|TfYR Macedonia|10
|20
|16
|19
|25
|12
|23
|19
|13
|12
|23%|-32%|-17%|-40%|\n|Egypt|11
|64
|380
|2
|10
|4
|5
|33
|37
|9
|-81%|229%|-39%|21%|\n|Other|151
|185
|227
|183
|167
|139
|169
|338
|101
|90
|-9%|-38%|-43%|-62%|\n|Total|2,790
|3,231
|4,211
|3,726
|2,823
|3,074
|4,272
|7,302
|3,511
|3,113
|-2%|12%|10%|-43%|\n|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**15**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9266991019248962, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Ranking of countries based on applications", - "confidence": 0.6684855818748474, - "start": 194, - "end": 200 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9787792563438416, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.7017325758934021, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.977475643157959, - "start": 164, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9994487166404724, - "start": 168, - "end": 170 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.5069226622581482, - "start": 335, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9872329235076904, - "start": 339, - "end": 341 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5140310525894165, - "start": 373, - "end": 377 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9036847949028015, - "start": 450, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9964836835861206, - "start": 453, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9664506316184998, - "start": 620, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9992222785949707, - "start": 624, - "end": 626 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.5292736291885376, - "start": 715, - "end": 719 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.6199358701705933, - "start": 791, - "end": 797 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.9904568791389465, - "start": 795, - "end": 797 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6520002484321594, - "start": 807, - "end": 808 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.652820348739624, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.8284029364585876, - "start": 905, - "end": 911 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central Europe", - "confidence": 0.7235279083251953, - "start": 909, - "end": 911 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5813176035881042, - "start": 917, - "end": 918 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
Excluding Italy '08-'07 Including Italy|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Table 7. Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe* by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
*See Table 1 for countries included. Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
**Excluding Italy**
'08-'07
**Including Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|**Excluding Italy**|'08-'07|**Including Italy**|**Including Italy**|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|Q1|Q2|\n|Iraq|397
|510
|508
|913
|2,896
|3,742
|2,289
|1,789
|2,058
|1,992
|18%|636%|767%|450%|2,167

1,928

967

622

474

510

819

613

532

286

277

507

134

187

114

144

429

102

86

62

21

124

134

40

33

24

60

99

69

15

47

50

22

61

40

39

72

29

28

19

958
|2,168

2,015

1,166

732

657

618

1,081

769

987

267

279

486

178

184

111

113

155

115

162

81

76

127

258

61

56

67

70

132

97

50

45

87

36

50

50

55

75

29

36

27

1,043
|\n|Pakistan|211
|295
|423
|1,744
|2,834
|2,134
|2,695
|1,856
|1,822
|1,885
|-42%|866%|459%|129%|129%|129%|\n|Afghanistan|223
|193
|226
|720
|508
|562
|569
|670
|683
|750
|33%|234%|344%|115%|115%|115%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|570
|827
|942
|812
|496
|594
|710
|743
|597
|717
|48%|17%|73%|-9%|-9%|-9%|\n|Georgia|206
|184
|199
|197
|239
|757
|430
|498
|470
|652
|-81%|156%|-51%|152%|152%|152%|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|269
|289
|352
|514
|874
|993
|545
|704
|501
|610
|108%|187%|498%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Nigeria|318
|226
|199
|363
|269
|255
|329
|442
|438
|499
|22%|131%|183%|5%|5%|5%|\n|Bangladesh|398
|464
|547
|2,792
|1,830
|656
|355
|427
|472
|449
|-15%|-4%|-19%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Somalia|185
|183
|350
|330
|313
|360
|665
|724
|409
|333
|-32%|37%|-8%|-13%|-13%|-13%|\n|Colombia|330
|652
|463
|800
|324
|828
|427
|944
|282
|260
|-79%|560%|39%|1395%|1395%|1395%|\n|Sri Lanka|127
|86
|102
|261
|265
|207
|199
|212
|217
|240
|-65%|108%|-27%|45%|45%|45%|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|65
|73
|91
|146
|126
|78
|133
|111
|203
|229
|-7%|95%|81%|90%|90%|90%|\n|India|112
|115
|88
|146
|285
|153
|163
|137
|121
|171
|-52%|162%|25%|-10%|-10%|-10%|\n|Sudan|111
|197
|108
|155
|92
|102
|61
|92
|91
|150
|-2%|57%|54%|-8%|-8%|-8%|\n|Ethiopia|75
|64
|103
|132
|81
|60
|73
|31
|57
|97
|288%|182%|994%|-22%|-22%|-22%|\n|Senegal|5
|*|21
|63
|64
|37
|77
|97
|128
|96
|156%|-43%|45%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Eritrea|160
|139
|98
|113
|80
|54
|100
|202
|156
|83
|-39%|129%|39%|36%|36%|36%|\n|Egypt|26
|22
|41
|41
|53
|57
|52
|89
|96
|82
|-54%|17%|-46%|53%|53%|53%|\n|Burkina Faso|*|8
|7
|20
|16
|7
|18
|24
|30
|82
|-74%|-35%|-83%|-26%|-26%|-26%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|56
|52
|27
|40
|85
|44
|39
|70
|59
|71
|-41%|197%|75%|-17%|-17%|-17%|\n|Albania|*|5
|13
|11
|12
|20
|10
|17
|16
|69
|-42%|-43%|-67%|-4%|-4%|-4%|\n|Guinea|11
|9
|8
|30
|46
|30
|49
|48
|51
|67
|84%|-65%|-35%|-37%|-37%|-37%|\n|Ghana|18
|19
|39
|60
|25
|17
|26
|46
|21
|63
|-66%|9%|-63%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Russian Federation|80
|77
|51
|82
|51
|56
|51
|44
|40
|57
|-33%|-14%|-42%|102%|102%|102%|\n|Moldova|30
|34
|27
|35
|30
|43
|28
|20
|28
|52
|-58%|-40%|-74%|-6%|-6%|-6%|\n|Armenia|35
|17
|31
|35
|29
|26
|58
|30
|23
|52
|55%|-21%|22%|-52%|-52%|-52%|\n|Algeria|117
|47
|62
|44
|58
|40
|80
|100
|52
|50
|0%|213%|213%|13%|13%|13%|\n|Togo|6
|17
|14
|18
|*|7
|10
|*|*|47
|-47%|1011%|488%|19%|19%|19%|\n|Cameroon|49
|37
|57
|41
|30
|31
|37
|45
|35
|41
|-69%|300%|24%|124%|124%|124%|\n|Niger|7
|34
|12
|25
|*|6
|16
|*|8
|40
|1000%|273%|4000%|720%|720%|720%|\n|Cuba|14
|19
|14
|15
|20
|25
|22
|20
|36
|37
|12%|35%|51%|41%|41%|41%|\n|Morocco|42
|26
|101
|148
|110
|77
|57
|44
|44
|35
|41%|-30%|-2%|-38%|-38%|-38%|\n|Philippines|11
|21
|19
|12
|29
|20
|19
|26
|22
|34
|-84%|-39%|-90%|-34%|-34%|-34%|\n|China|114
|92
|53
|58
|70
|46
|68
|90
|50
|33
|-83%|224%|-44%|49%|49%|49%|\n|Kenya|*|10
|*|*|5
|36
|12
|22
|37
|32
|-50%|6%|-47%|-21%|-21%|-21%|\n|Mali|7
|12
|9
|*|17
|11
|18
|12
|20
|31
|-15%|36%|15%|55%|55%|55%|\n|Gambia|10
|5
|11
|14
|20
|36
|25
|23
|23
|31
|-60%|300%|60%|33%|33%|33%|\n|Uzbekistan|15
|12
|8
|40
|14
|17
|51
|22
|29
|29
|11%|240%|278%|3300%|3300%|3300%|\n|Sierra Leone|31
|19
|16
|26
|35
|13
|24
|16
|17
|26
|13%|-17%|-6%|0%|0%|0%|\n|Ukraine|60
|38
|33
|57
|29
|30
|20
|17
|16
|25
|-32%|50%|2%|55%|55%|55%|\n|Other|496
|460
|438
|518
|601
|625
|588
|1,070
|446
|372
|-49%|-16%|-57%|-18%|-18%|-18%|\n|Total|5,004
|5,593
|5,913
|11,578
|12,968
|12,892
|11,198
|11,577
|9,907
|10,671
|-32%|158%|76%|53%|12,944
|14,851
|\n\n\n\n_**16**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.6778760552406311, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9143435955047607, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8522600531578064, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9354864358901978, - "start": 196, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9796154499053955, - "start": 200, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6634854078292847, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.5373528599739075, - "start": 378, - "end": 384 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8613137602806091, - "start": 382, - "end": 384 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8597170114517212, - "start": 469, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9152317643165588, - "start": 473, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6416420936584473, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.917335569858551, - "start": 651, - "end": 657 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.9503561854362488, - "start": 655, - "end": 657 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.715372622013092, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum applications lodged in Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.6746131181716919, - "start": 924, - "end": 930 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Europe", - "confidence": 0.8590331077575684, - "start": 928, - "end": 930 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.7607470750808716, - "start": 936, - "end": 937 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5359071493148804, - "start": 936, - "end": 937 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "First semester change", - "confidence": 0.512610912322998, - "start": 1088, - "end": 1091 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 8. Asylum applications lodged in Canada and the United States by origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-40 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|China|2,838
|2,787
|2,785
|2,872
|2,688
|2,506
|2,151
|2,630
|2,814
|2,949
|-8%|11%|2%|21%|\n|Mexico|1,275
|1,521
|1,973
|1,974
|2,108
|2,316
|2,558
|2,562
|2,510
|2,675
|58%|17%|85%|1%|\n|Haiti|1,641
|1,487
|1,050
|1,010
|1,295
|1,265
|1,632
|1,762
|1,582
|1,680
|-18%|27%|4%|-4%|\n|Colombia|728
|787
|786
|871
|785
|717
|936
|1,345
|948
|976
|-1%|28%|27%|-16%|\n|El Salvador|627
|674
|780
|998
|1,001
|931
|729
|836
|771
|904
|49%|-13%|29%|7%|\n|United States*|161
|105
|187
|215
|256
|227
|568
|773
|563
|591
|82%|139%|334%|-14%|\n|Guatemala|406
|438
|470
|617
|721
|730
|426
|547
|511
|547
|72%|-27%|25%|9%|\n|India|350
|352
|368
|345
|329
|286
|294
|361
|340
|360
|-12%|14%|0%|7%|\n|Ethiopia|347
|371
|387
|329
|351
|317
|313
|344
|340
|355
|-7%|4%|-3%|6%|\n|Russian Federation|220
|306
|251
|220
|214
|340
|194
|238
|216
|318
|5%|-4%|2%|24%|\n|Honduras|270
|277
|337
|390
|337
|308
|237
|302
|331
|318
|18%|1%|19%|20%|\n|Sri Lanka|282
|251
|243
|286
|273
|229
|229
|278
|355
|315
|-6%|33%|26%|32%|\n|Iraq|174
|144
|186
|230
|257
|265
|252
|255
|285
|296
|64%|11%|83%|15%|\n|Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of)|275
|261
|246
|217
|213
|193
|226
|254
|227
|227
|-24%|12%|-15%|-5%|\n|Nepal|166
|172
|184
|189
|160
|146
|147
|193
|179
|217
|-9%|29%|17%|16%|\n|Cameroon|165
|194
|197
|186
|186
|159
|167
|177
|181
|198
|-4%|10%|6%|10%|\n|Pakistan|290
|302
|283
|221
|206
|179
|155
|230
|220
|197
|-35%|8%|-30%|8%|\n|Nigeria|194
|179
|203
|247
|223
|188
|244
|283
|248
|194
|10%|8%|18%|-16%|\n|Indonesia|224
|246
|381
|328
|285
|263
|232
|312
|233
|193
|17%|-22%|-9%|-22%|\n|Czech Rep.|*|5
|*|7
|8
|5
|*|112
|171
|191
|63%|2685%|4425%|215%|\n|Kenya|60
|64
|110
|86
|64
|78
|70
|109
|200
|177
|15%|165%|204%|111%|\n|Somalia|109
|93
|111
|89
|121
|88
|103
|133
|173
|170
|3%|64%|70%|45%|\n|Zimbabwe|305
|152
|139
|120
|88
|92
|115
|127
|148
|145
|-61%|63%|-36%|21%|\n|Eritrea|105
|112
|92
|105
|105
|105
|126
|120
|141
|137
|-3%|32%|28%|13%|\n|Cuba|153
|178
|165
|176
|160
|140
|126
|190
|160
|132
|-9%|-3%|-12%|-8%|\n|Egypt|114
|137
|108
|92
|98
|121
|107
|101
|108
|131
|-13%|9%|-5%|15%|\n|Saint Vincent & the Grenadi|n
128
|90
|76
|69
|97
|61
|81
|107
|112
|128
|-28%|52%|10%|28%|\n|Albania|277
|192
|160
|146
|119
|106
|136
|197
|200
|122
|-52%|43%|-31%|-3%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|158
|142
|172
|153
|127
|112
|133
|154
|175
|112
|-20%|20%|-4%|0%|\n|Guinea|117
|146
|157
|151
|166
|164
|169
|168
|137
|110
|25%|-25%|-6%|-27%|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|130
|100
|153
|118
|99
|95
|110
|130
|154
|110
|-16%|36%|15%|10%|\n|Moldova|27
|22
|28
|18
|26
|34
|38
|51
|52
|107
|22%|165%|224%|79%|\n|Afghanistan|75
|56
|84
|87
|106
|83
|93
|90
|97
|106
|44%|7%|55%|11%|\n|Serbia**|100
|87
|84
|94
|100
|109
|86
|130
|120
|102
|12%|6%|19%|3%|\n|Jamaica|75
|77
|71
|74
|61
|55
|57
|74
|90
|102
|-24%|66%|26%|47%|\n|Philippines|74
|56
|61
|56
|73
|47
|46
|47
|60
|99
|-8%|33%|22%|71%|\n|Peru|79
|100
|91
|103
|72
|118
|62
|100
|68
|96
|6%|-14%|-8%|1%|\n|Ukraine|143
|126
|140
|134
|115
|122
|112
|113
|125
|94
|-12%|-8%|-19%|-3%|\n|Brazil|92
|81
|55
|80
|117
|183
|46
|75
|77
|92
|73%|-44%|-2%|40%|\n|Myanmar|76
|84
|66
|86
|88
|66
|61
|101
|92
|79
|-4%|11%|7%|6%|\n|Other|2,716
|2,678
|3,336
|2,943
|2,808
|2,654
|2,477
|2,646
|2,662
|2,745
|1%|-1%|0%|6%|\n|Total|15,749
|15,632
|16,760
|16,732
|16,706
|16,203
|16,047
|18,757
|18,176
|18,797
|5%|12%|18%|6%|\n|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Refers to applications lodged in Canada.
** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**17**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6485038995742798, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Top-40 ranking of countries", - "confidence": 0.6151504516601562, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.8586967587471008, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.8526715040206909, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figures for the United States", - "confidence": 0.5621357560157776, - "start": 1202, - "end": 1207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.79201740026474, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1209 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9229859709739685, - "start": 1205, - "end": 1207 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.6905823349952698, - "start": 1265, - "end": 1266 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "States by origin", - "confidence": 0.6659674048423767, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DHS", - "confidence": 0.5106499791145325, - "start": 1493, - "end": 1494 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States", - "confidence": 0.9383652210235596, - "start": 1395, - "end": 1397 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2008", - "confidence": 0.517481803894043, - "start": 1470, - "end": 1474 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.6017377376556396, - "start": 4809, - "end": 4810 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia and Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.9326187372207642, - "start": 4812, - "end": 4815 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "citizens of Montenegro", - "confidence": 0.5910841822624207, - "start": 4801, - "end": 4804 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by
origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|**Table 9. Asylum applications lodged in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the Republic of Korea by**
**origin, first quarter 2006 to second quarter 2008**
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during second quarter of 2008.
Figures between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk.
'08-'07|'08-'07|\n|Origin|2006|2006|2006|2006|2007|2007|2007|2007|2008|2008|First semester change|First semester change|First semester change|Q3Q4/
Q1Q2|\n|Origin|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|Q3|Q4|Q1|Q2|'07-'06|'08-'07|'08-'06|'08-'06|\n|China|255
|283
|309
|255
|281
|272
|334
|398
|282
|294
|3%|4%|7%|-21%|\n|Myanmar|156
|208
|178
|129
|120
|140
|136
|185
|218
|240
|-29%|76%|26%|43%|\n|Sri Lanka|48
|82
|124
|149
|129
|153
|157
|141
|132
|129
|117%|-7%|101%|-12%|\n|Malaysia|31
|30
|26
|21
|26
|30
|44
|44
|50
|85
|-8%|141%|121%|53%|\n|India|82
|130
|81
|42
|68
|203
|45
|43
|39
|82
|28%|-55%|-43%|38%|\n|Pakistan|38
|39
|21
|20
|32
|46
|57
|49
|54
|64
|1%|51%|53%|11%|\n|Bangladesh|30
|32
|21
|13
|25
|27
|43
|27
|32
|53
|-16%|63%|37%|21%|\n|Iraq|41
|40
|55
|88
|61
|36
|97
|59
|47
|51
|20%|1%|21%|-37%|\n|Indonesia|101
|79
|83
|34
|48
|42
|37
|56
|78
|48
|-50%|40%|-30%|35%|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|38
|24
|31
|45
|28
|31
|41
|33
|49
|47
|-5%|63%|55%|30%|\n|Turkey|49
|47
|56
|23
|27
|25
|24
|41
|45
|46
|-46%|75%|-5%|40%|\n|Zimbabwe|19
|*|11
|15
|21
|24
|28
|29
|57
|36
|105%|107%|323%|63%|\n|Ethiopia|7
|13
|34
|7
|8
|11
|26
|22
|21
|32
|-5%|179%|165%|10%|\n|Rep. of Korea|27
|17
|20
|29
|11
|21
|26
|23
|17
|27
|-27%|38%|0%|-10%|\n|Lebanon|6
|6
|30
|23
|23
|10
|17
|25
|17
|23
|175%|21%|233%|-5%|\n|Egypt|16
|9
|13
|14
|17
|6
|11
|12
|16
|20
|-8%|57%|44%|57%|\n|Nepal|20
|43
|26
|41
|121
|107
|40
|60
|17
|15
|262%|-86%|-49%|-68%|\n|Cameroon|*|12
|*|*|*|7
|*|6
|6
|15
|-44%|133%|31%|110%|\n|Viet Nam|9
|*|7
|7
|6
|7
|17
|9
|10
|15
|8%|92%|108%|-4%|\n|Afghanistan|*|*|11
|9
|8
|14
|8
|6
|6
|14
|340%|-9%|300%|43%|\n|Other|196
|215
|202
|214
|247
|235
|213
|323
|227
|185
|17%|-15%|0%|-23%
|\n|Total|1,174
|1,319
|1,341
|1,182
|1,309
|1,447
|1,405
|1,591
|1,420
|1,521
|11%|7%|18%|-2%|\n\n\n\n_**18**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 10. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, first quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the first quarter. An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Iraq|-
|39
|104
|246
|-
|124
|84
|-
|55
|9
|148
|-
|92
|48
|1,961
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|5
|888
|478
|-
|*|81
|-
|12
|20
|58
|*|36
|1,138
|225
|\n|China|-
|265
|55
|36
|-
|*|433
|-
|30
|12
|8
|-
|-
|153
|53
|\n|Somalia|-
|*|120
|33
|-
|6
|99
|-
|*|*|19
|-
|34
|21
|37
|\n|Serbia***|5
|*|373
|213
|50
|*|52
|22
|-
|8
|21
|-
|32
|554
|479
|\n|Pakistan|-
|40
|13
|38
|-
|*|102
|-
|47
|*|5
|-
|*|82
|69
|\n|Afghanistan|-
|*|205
|190
|-
|12
|83
|-
|10
|*|62
|-
|23
|43
|119
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,757
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|29
|65
|130
|-
|6
|86
|-
|53
|*|33
|-
|21
|29
|179
|\n|Sri Lanka|-
|93
|*|31
|-
|*|259
|*|151
|*|12
|-
|*|552
|110
|\n|Nigeria|-
|*|130
|11
|-
|7
|199
|-
|33
|10
|6
|-
|13
|108
|104
|\n|Eritrea|-
|-
|6
|5
|-
|-
|49
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|14
|58
|\n|Turkey|-
|9
|102
|74
|-
|*|64
|9
|17
|212
|5
|-
|15
|513
|395
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|984
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|189
|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|757
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|13
|5
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|12
|160
|-
|*|134
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|9
|529
|38
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|22
|18
|14
|-
|*|22
|-
|59
|-
|*|-
|*|221
|8
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|52
|-
|*|-
|-
|82
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|6
|6
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|-
|27
|77
|-
|*|20
|-
|278
|*|19
|-
|*|13
|194
|\n|India|-
|38
|61
|20
|-
|-
|161
|-
|55
|*|6
|-
|*|17
|90
|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Monteneg
ro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Iraq|688
|50
|*|61
|109
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|1,006
|7
|496
|\n|Russian Federation|16
|6
|*|10
|-
|-
|*|*|23
|-
|-
|-
|21
|*|276
|\n|China|14
|7
|-
|34
|11
|5
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|119
|5
|*|\n|Somalia|39
|40
|-
|38
|123
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|161
|-
|753
|*|140
|\n|Serbia***|*|182
|*|22
|141
|-
|-
|-
|-
|46
|-
|*|10
|-
|247
|\n|Pakistan|1,763
|193
|-
|37
|106
|8
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|10
|*|*|\n|Afghanistan|534
|21
|*|22
|284
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|56
|-
|142
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|105
|*|-
|22
|25
|11
|-
|-
|-
|5
|-
|-
|43
|5
|83
|\n|Sri Lanka|31
|10
|-
|5
|60
|13
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|55
|10
|76
|\n|Nigeria|161
|20
|*|237
|381
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|54
|-
|32
|*|50
|\n|Eritrea|10
|-
|-
|21
|273
|-
|-
|-
|-
|5
|121
|-
|49
|-
|334
|\n|Turkey|8
|11
|*|*|115
|36
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|17
|-
|19
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|10
|-
|-
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|-
|-
|44
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|7
|*|36
|\n|Bangladesh|400
|30
|-
|*|141
|5
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|7
|*|*|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|-
|-
|26
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|5
|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|200
|*|-
|*|9
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|12
|-
|19
|\n|India|49
|-
|-
|*|13
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|15
|-
|6
|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
*
*
49

11

13

-

18

2,696

301

-

1,296

745

201

Russian Federation
1,396

-

-

*
-

29

*
12

242

41

-

-

15

135

China
*
*
7

13

-

14

-

-

18

60

-

5

345

2,381

Somalia
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11

839

186

-

194

480

74

Serbia***
-

*
-

11

-

6

13

*
488

258

6

-

20

68

Pakistan
5

0
5

12

-

16

*
10

16

9

-

*
475

118

Afghanistan
*
-

-

*
-

7

-

8

142

65

-

131

870

14

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

753

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

*
*
-

*
*
9

189

88

-

430

655

89

Sri Lanka
*
*
16

*
-

*
-

9

11

202

-

23

450

96

Nigeria
*
*
5

-

*
*
*
187

32

172

*
-

245

49

Eritrea
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
223

347

-

21

480

92

Turkey
10

-

-

24

-

-

7

8

68

123

-

-

75

32

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
-

-

-

-

598

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

275

*
27

-

-

5

191

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
-

*
*
-

-

*
*
38

18

61

-

18

110

20

Bangladesh
*
-

*
*
-

11

-

13

22

7

-

-

145

51

Zimbabwe
-

-

-

*
-

-

-

*
*
*
-

-

905

66

Syrian Arab Rep.
*
-

-

*
5

*
-

20

119

80

-

*
35

17

India
5

*
-

47

-

26

-

14

18

5

-

-

175

179

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iraq|*|*|*|49
|11
|13
|-
|18
|2,696
|301
|-
|1,296
|745
|201
|\n|Russian Federation|1,396
|-
|-
|*|-
|29
|*|12
|242
|41
|-
|-
|15
|135
|\n|China|*|*|7
|13
|-
|14
|-
|-
|18
|60
|-
|5
|345
|2,381
|\n|Somalia|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|11
|839
|186
|-
|194
|480
|74
|\n|Serbia***|-
|*|-
|11
|-
|6
|13
|*|488
|258
|6
|-
|20
|68
|\n|Pakistan|5
|0|5
|12
|-
|16
|*|10
|16
|9
|-
|*|475
|118
|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|-
|*|-
|7
|-
|8
|142
|65
|-
|131
|870
|14
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|753
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|-
|*|*|-
|*|*|9
|189
|88
|-
|430
|655
|89
|\n|Sri Lanka|*|*|16
|*|-
|*|-
|9
|11
|202
|-
|23
|450
|96
|\n|Nigeria|*|*|5
|-
|*|*|*|187
|32
|172
|*|-
|245
|49
|\n|Eritrea|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|223
|347
|-
|21
|480
|92
|\n|Turkey|10
|-
|-
|24
|-
|-
|7
|8
|68
|123
|-
|-
|75
|32
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|598
|\n|Colombia|-
|7
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|275
|*|27
|-
|-
|5
|191
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|*|-
|-
|*|*|38
|18
|61
|-
|18
|110
|20
|\n|Bangladesh|*|-
|*|*|-
|11
|-
|13
|22
|7
|-
|-
|145
|51
|\n|Zimbabwe|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|*|*|-
|-
|905
|66
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|*|-
|-
|*|5
|*|-
|20
|119
|80
|-
|*|35
|17
|\n|India|5
|*|-
|47
|-
|26
|-
|14
|18
|5
|-
|-
|175
|179
|\n\n\n\n_**19**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 11. Applications submitted by country of asylum and origin, second quarter 2008
Top-20 ranking of countries based on applications lodged during the second quarter. An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|Albania|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Bosnia
and H.|Bulgaria|Canada|Croatia|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Denmark**|Estonia|Finland|France|Germany|\n|Iraq|-
|30
|111
|251
|-
|74
|64
|-
|13
|5
|167
|*|186
|47
|1,481
|\n|China|-
|282
|58
|37
|-
|*|354
|-
|13
|6
|*|-
|*|160
|67
|\n|Russian Federation|-
|*|608
|360
|-
|*|62
|-
|5
|22
|46
|-
|49
|580
|162
|\n|Somalia|-
|5
|86
|44
|-
|5
|85
|-
|-
|-
|12
|-
|84
|21
|41
|\n|Afghanistan|-
|11
|290
|166
|-
|15
|92
|*|11
|12
|40
|-
|17
|53
|98
|\n|Pakistan|-
|57
|16
|33
|*|-
|72
|*|97
|7
|*|-
|*|71
|62
|\n|Serbia***|-
|*|289
|228
|11
|-
|26
|15
|-
|*|15
|-
|26
|600
|383
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,974
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|\n|Nigeria|-
|*|122
|20
|-
|5
|159
|-
|21
|7
|*|*|15
|80
|129
|\n|Sri Lanka|*|93
|*|41
|-
|5
|216
|5
|123
|*|9
|-
|10
|553
|128
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|33
|41
|144
|-
|*|38
|-
|35
|*|28
|-
|20
|21
|162
|\n|Eritrea|-
|*|*|7
|-
|-
|31
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|24
|58
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|1,142
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|186
|*|\n|Turkey|-
|11
|92
|80
|-
|*|35
|-
|*|26
|11
|-
|8
|498
|338
|\n|Bangladesh|-
|24
|10
|20
|-
|*|23
|-
|51
|-
|5
|-
|*|254
|11
|\n|Colombia|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|727
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|26
|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|*|34
|72
|-
|9
|10
|-
|274
|*|15
|-
|*|5
|175
|\n|Georgia|-
|*|104
|38
|-
|*|15
|-
|22
|7
|*|-
|*|64
|38
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|-
|*|16
|134
|-
|-
|92
|-
|-
|*|*|-
|*|578
|45
|\n|Mali|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|1,097
|*|\n|||||||||||||||||\n|Origin|Greece|Hungary|Iceland|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Latvia|Liechten-
stein|Lithuania|Luxem-
bourg|Malta|Montenegro|Netherlands|New
Zealand|Norway|\n|Iraq|542
|31
|*|48
|176
|*|-
|-
|*|*|*|-
|1,345
|19
|619
|\n|China|14
|15
|-
|34
|17
|5
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|350
|*|19
|\n|Russian Federation|34
|*|-
|6
|*|-
|-
|-
|17
|*|-
|-
|22
|-
|212
|\n|Somalia|25
|63
|-
|41
|654
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|158
|-
|636
|*|272
|\n|Afghanistan|452
|19
|*|24
|416
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|61
|*|189
|\n|Pakistan|1,768
|44
|*|55
|130
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|11
|*|6
|\n|Serbia***|-
|180
|5
|10
|174
|-
|-
|*|-
|50
|-
|-
|5
|-
|200
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Nigeria|244
|9
|*|248
|582
|*|-
|-
|-
|*|65
|-
|15
|-
|70
|\n|Sri Lanka|54
|*|*|5
|39
|18
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|41
|5
|89
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|70
|5
|*|11
|15
|7
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|58
|7
|94
|\n|Eritrea|17
|-
|-
|12
|72
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|17
|-
|40
|-
|426
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|\n|Turkey|15
|6
|-
|*|62
|35
|*|*|-
|*|-
|-
|18
|-
|23
|\n|Bangladesh|391
|*|-
|14
|320
|12
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|\n|Colombia|-
|-
|-
|-
|7
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|6
|*|*|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|266
|*|-
|8
|8
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|15
|-
|22
|\n|Georgia|617
|51
|*|37
|5
|-
|*|-
|*|*|-
|-
|8
|-
|*|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|*|-
|-
|45
|10
|*|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|*|-
|15
|\n|Mali|-
|-
|-
|-
|24
|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|30
|-
|*|-
|-
|\n|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|Origin
Poland
Portugal
Rep. of
Korea
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
TfYR
Macedonia
Turkey
UK
USA****
Iraq
*
-

-

28

-

18

-

27

1,240

288

-

1,408

340

232

China
*
-

*
9

-

16

*
-

16

60

-

6

415

2,595

Russian Federation
1,382

-

-

8

-

45

*
18

221

47

-

-

20

256

Somalia
-

*
-

*
-

-

-

33

842

232

-

116

415

85

Afghanistan
*
-

-

-

-

9

-

15

105

59

-

272

760

14

Pakistan
*
0
*
23

-

20

-

16

12

18

-

*
480

125

Serbia***
*
-

-

6

-

6

18

*
284

252

*
-

25

76

Mexico
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

701

Nigeria
8

*
*
-

*
*
*
165

40

211

-

*
280

35

Sri Lanka
9

19

13

*
-

-

-

32

6

268

-

10

395

99

Islamic Rep. of Iran
-

-

-

*
-

-

*
16

143

69

-

596

510

74

Eritrea
-

5

-

-

-

-

-

9

162

389

-

35

515

106

Haiti
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*
-

*
-

-

-

538

Turkey
*
-

-

18

-

*
33

*
53

136

*
-

50

26

Bangladesh
*
-

16

*
-

17

-

5

22

10

-

*
130

45

Colombia
-

7

-

-

-

-

-

253

*
6

-

-

10

249

Syrian Arab Rep.
-

-

-

*
-

*
-

62

115

128

-

8

45

17

Georgia
12

*
-

14

-

21

*
12

48

67

-

-

10

20

Dem. Rep. of the Congo
*
*
6

-

-

-

-

30

17

49

-

33

100

18

Mali
*
-

-

-

-

-

-

*
*
5

-

-

-

39

** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.
*** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
**** Combination of number of persons (EOIR) and cases (DHS).|\n\n\n|Origin|Poland|Portugal|Rep. of
Korea|Romania|Serbia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|TfYR
Macedonia|Turkey|UK|USA****|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Iraq|*|-
|-
|28
|-
|18
|-
|27
|1,240
|288
|-
|1,408
|340
|232
|\n|China|*|-
|*|9
|-
|16
|*|-
|16
|60
|-
|6
|415
|2,595
|\n|Russian Federation|1,382
|-
|-
|8
|-
|45
|*|18
|221
|47
|-
|-
|20
|256
|\n|Somalia|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|33
|842
|232
|-
|116
|415
|85
|\n|Afghanistan|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|9
|-
|15
|105
|59
|-
|272
|760
|14
|\n|Pakistan|*|0|*|23
|-
|20
|-
|16
|12
|18
|-
|*|480
|125
|\n|Serbia***|*|-
|-
|6
|-
|6
|18
|*|284
|252
|*|-
|25
|76
|\n|Mexico|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|701
|\n|Nigeria|8
|*|*|-
|*|*|*|165
|40
|211
|-
|*|280
|35
|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|19
|13
|*|-
|-
|-
|32
|6
|268
|-
|10
|395
|99
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|-
|*|16
|143
|69
|-
|596
|510
|74
|\n|Eritrea|-
|5
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|9
|162
|389
|-
|35
|515
|106
|\n|Haiti|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|-
|-
|538
|\n|Turkey|*|-
|-
|18
|-
|*|33
|*|53
|136
|*|-
|50
|26
|\n|Bangladesh|*|-
|16
|*|-
|17
|-
|5
|22
|10
|-
|*|130
|45
|\n|Colombia|-
|7
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|253
|*|6
|-
|-
|10
|249
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|-
|-
|-
|*|-
|*|-
|62
|115
|128
|-
|8
|45
|17
|\n|Georgia|12
|*|-
|14
|-
|21
|*|12
|48
|67
|-
|-
|10
|20
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|*|*|6
|-
|-
|-
|-
|30
|17
|49
|-
|33
|100
|18
|\n|Mali|*|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|*|*|5
|-
|-
|-
|39
|\n\n\n\n_**20**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2008
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Albania|Albania|Australia|Australia|Austria|Austria|Belgium|Belgium|Bosnia and H.|Bosnia and H.|\n|Sri Lanka|*|China|282
|Russian Fed.|608
|Russian Fed.|360
|Serbia|11
|\n|||Sri Lanka|93
|Afghanistan|290
|Iraq|251
|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
*|\n|||Malaysia|83
|Serbia|289
|Serbia|228
|Croatia|*|\n|||India|78
|Nigeria|122
|Afghanistan|166
|Pakistan|*|\n|||Pakistan|57
|Iraq|111
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|144
|TfYR Macedonia|*|\n|||Indonesia|48
|Georgia|104
|DR of Congo|134
|||\n|||Zimbabwe|34
|Armenia|93
|Armenia|125
|||\n|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|33
|Turkey|92
|Guinea|116
|||\n|||Iraq|30
|Somalia|86
|Cameroon|98
|||\n|||Rep. of Korea|27
|India|70
|Turkey|80
|||\n|||||||||||\n|Bulgaria|Bulgaria|Canada|Canada|Croatia|Croatia|Cyprus|Cyprus|Czech Rep.|Czech Rep.|\n|Iraq|74
|Mexico|1,974
|Serbia|15
|Syrian Arab Rep.|274
|Ukraine|84
|\n|Armenia|18
|Haiti|1,142
|Sri Lanka|5
|Sri Lanka|123
|Mongolia|56
|\n|Stateless|16
|Colombia|727
|Pakistan|*|Pakistan|97
|Turkey|26
|\n|Afghanistan|15
|United States|591
|Belarus|*|India|75
|Russian Fed.|22
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|9
|China|354
|Afghanistan|*|Egypt|54
|Viet Nam|21
|\n|Somalia|5
|Sri Lanka|216
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Bangladesh|51
|Kyrgyzstan|17
|\n|Sri Lanka|5
|Czech Rep.|187
|Montenegro|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|35
|Kazakhstan|15
|\n|Nigeria|5
|India|165
|Unknown|*|Viet Nam|24
|Belarus|14
|\n|Russian Fed.|*|Nigeria|159
|||Georgia|22
|Afghanistan|12
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|El Salvador|141
|||Nigeria|21
|Pakistan|7
|\n|||||||||||\n|Denmark|Denmark|Estonia|Estonia|Finland|Finland|France|France|Germany|Germany|\n|Iraq ****|167
|Iraq|*|Iraq|186
|Mali|1,097
|Iraq|1,481
|\n|Russian Fed.|46
|Nigeria|*|Somalia|84
|Serbia|600
|Serbia|383
|\n|Afghanistan|40
|Senegal|*|Bulgaria|61
|Russian Fed.|580
|Turkey|338
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|28
|||Russian Fed.|49
|DR of Congo|578
|Viet Nam|243
|\n|Occup. Palest. Terr.|
21
|||Serbia **|26
|Sri Lanka|553
|Syrian Arab Rep.|175
|\n|Serbia **|15
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|20
|Turkey|498
|Russian Fed.|162
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|15
|||Afghanistan|17
|Armenia|424
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|162
|\n|Somalia|12
|||Nigeria|15
|Guinea|333
|Lebanon|143
|\n|Turkey|11
|||Romania|15
|Bangladesh|254
|Nigeria|129
|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|||Sri Lanka|10
|Comoros|213
|Sri Lanka|128
|\n|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|**** Asylum claims in Denmark exclude Iraqi interpreters who have worked for the Danish Forces in Iraq.|\n|Greece|Greece|Hungary|Hungary|Iceland|Iceland|Ireland|Ireland|Italy|Italy|\n|Pakistan|1,768
|Serbia|180
|Serbia|5
|Nigeria|248
|Somalia|654
|\n|Georgia|617
|Somalia|63
|Afghanistan|*|Pakistan|55
|Nigeria|582
|\n|Iraq|542
|Georgia|51
|Georgia|*|Iraq|48
|Afghanistan|416
|\n|Afghanistan|452
|Pakistan|44
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|DR of Congo|45
|Bangladesh|320
|\n|Bangladesh|391
|Iraq|31
|Nigeria|*|Moldova|41
|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|257
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|266
|Afghanistan|19
|Iraq|*|Somalia|41
|Ghana|195
|\n|Nigeria|244
|China|15
|Moldova|*|Georgia|37
|Iraq|176
|\n|India|84
|Nigeria|9
|Pakistan|*|China|34
|Serbia|174
|\n|Senegal|82
|Mongolia|8
|Sri Lanka|*|Sudan|28
|Pakistan|130
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|70
|Cuba|8
|Western Sahara|*|Zimbabwe|28
|Togo|85
|\n|||||||||||\n|Japan|Japan|Latvia|Latvia|Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein|Lithuania|Lithuania|Luxembourg|Luxembourg|\n|Myanmar|209
|Cuba|*|Serbia|*|Russian Fed.|17
|Serbia|50
|\n|Turkey|35
|Georgia|*|Armenia|*|Cuba|*|Belarus|5
|\n|Sri Lanka|18
|Senegal|*|Germany|*|DR of Congo|*|Cameroon|5
|\n|Ethiopia|18
|Turkey|*|TfYR Macedonia|*|Belarus|*|Montenegro|5
|\n|Bangladesh|12
|||Turkey|*|Uzbekistan|*|Bosnia and H.|*|\n|Cameroon|10
|||||Georgia|*|Nigeria|*|\n|Nepal|9
|||||Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Albania|*|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7
|||||Iraq|*|Turkey|*|\n|China|5
|||||Angola|*|Somalia|*
|\n|Liberia|*|||||Tajikistan|*|Gambia|*|\n\n\n\n_**21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2008 (continued)
Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided monthly data to UNHCR.
An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Malta|Malta|Montenegro|Montenegro|Netherlands|Netherlands|New Zealand|New Zealand|Norway|Norway|\n|Somalia|158
|Albania|*|Iraq|1,345
|Iraq|19
|Iraq|619
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|100
|Belarus|*|Somalia|636
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7
|Eritrea|426
|\n|Nigeria|65
|||China|350
|Sri Lanka|5
|Somalia|272
|\n|Ethiopia|58
|||Afghanistan|61
|China|*|Russian Fed.|212
|\n|Togo|42
|||Islamic Rep. of Iran|58
|Afghanistan|*|Serbia|200
|\n|Niger|35
|||Sri Lanka|41
|Myanmar|*|Afghanistan|189
|\n|Ghana|32
|||Eritrea|40
|India|*|Stateless|168
|\n|Mali|30
|||Sierra Leone|39
|Nepal|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|94
|\n|Burkina Faso|18
|||Armenia|31
|Ethiopia|*|Sri Lanka|89
|\n|Eritrea|17
|||Guinea|29
|Zimbabwe|*|Nigeria|70
|\n|||||||||||\n|Poland|Poland|Portugal|Portugal|Rep. of Korea|Rep. of Korea|Romania|Romania|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|Serbia (excl. Kosovo)|\n|Russian Fed.|1,382
|Sri Lanka|19
|Bangladesh|16
|India|35
|Ethiopia|*|\n|Viet Nam|19
|Colombia|7
|Sri Lanka|13
|Iraq|28
|Chad|*|\n|Georgia|12
|Eritrea|5
|Myanmar|11
|Pakistan|23
|Nigeria|*|\n|Sri Lanka|9
|Congo|5
|DR of Congo|6
|Turkey|18
|||\n|Nigeria|8
|DR of Congo|*|Uganda|5
|Georgia|14
|||\n|Armenia|8
|Nigeria|*|Pakistan|*|China|9
|||\n|Belarus|8
|Angola|*|Nigeria|*|Russian Fed.|8
|||\n|Ukraine|7
|Guinea-Bissau|*|Ethiopia|*|Serbia|6
|||\n|Uzbekistan|6
|Peru|*|China|*|Israel|*|||\n|Mongolia|*|Georgia|*|Ghana|*|Moldova|*|||\n|||||||||||\n|Slovakia|Slovakia|Slovenia|Slovenia|Spain|Spain|Sweden|Sweden|Switzerland|Switzerland|\n|Russian Fed.|45
|Turkey|33
|Colombia|253
|Iraq|1,240
|Eritrea|389
|\n|Moldova|40
|Serbia|18
|Nigeria|165
|Somalia|842
|Iraq|288
|\n|Georgia|21
|Cuba|*|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|121
|Serbia|284
|Sri Lanka|268
|\n|Pakistan|20
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|*|Syrian Arab Rep.|62
|Stateless|229
|Serbia|252
|\n|India|19
|TfYR Macedonia|*|Sudan|49
|Russian Fed.|221
|Somalia|232
|\n|Iraq|18
|Albania|*|Algeria|41
|Libyan Arab Jamah.|
179
|Nigeria|211
|\n|Bangladesh|17
|Bosnia and H.|*|Cuba|36
|Uzbekistan|171
|Turkey|136
|\n|China|16
|China|*|Somalia|33
|Eritrea|162
|Syrian Arab Rep.|128
|\n|Viet Nam|11
|Georgia|*|Sri Lanka|32
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|143
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|69
|\n|Ukraine|9
|Russian Fed.|*|DR of Congo|30
|Mongolia|139
|Georgia|67
|\n|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|TfYR Macedonia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States***
Serbia
*
Iraq
1,408

Zimbabwe
900

China
2,595

Albania
*
Islamic Rep. of Iran
596

Afghanistan
760

El Salvador
763

Stateless
*
Afghanistan
272

Eritrea
515

Mexico
701

Turkey
*
Somalia
116

Islamic Rep. of Iran
510

Haiti
538

Sudan
59

Pakistan
480

Guatemala
466

Eritrea
35

Somalia
415

Ethiopia
306

DR of Congo
33

China
415

Russian Fed.
256

Occup. Palest. Terr.
16

Sri Lanka
395

Colombia
249

Uzbekistan
15

Iraq
340

Iraq
232

Sri Lanka
10

Nigeria
280

Honduras
207

** Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.
*** Combination of cases (DHS) and persons (EOIR).|\n\n\n|TfYR Macedonia|Col2|Turkey|Col4|United Kingdom|Col6|United States***|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Serbia|*|Iraq|1,408
|Zimbabwe|900
|China|2,595
|\n|Albania|*|Islamic Rep. of Iran|596
|Afghanistan|760
|El Salvador|763
|\n|Stateless|*|Afghanistan|272
|Eritrea|515
|Mexico|701
|\n|Turkey|*|Somalia|116
|Islamic Rep. of Iran|510
|Haiti|538
|\n|||Sudan|59
|Pakistan|480
|Guatemala|466
|\n|||Eritrea|35
|Somalia|415
|Ethiopia|306
|\n|||DR of Congo|33
|China|415
|Russian Fed.|256
|\n|||Occup. Palest. Terr.|
16
|Sri Lanka|395
|Colombia|249
|\n|||Uzbekistan|15
|Iraq|340
|Iraq|232
|\n|||Sri Lanka|10
|Nigeria|280
|Honduras|207
|\n\n\n\n_**22**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 13. Asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries, January to June 2008
See footnotes at the bottom of Table 1.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Country/region
of asylum|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|\n|Country/region
of asylum|Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Albania|-
|5
|-
|-
|2
|-
|7
|\n|Australia|302
|315
|323
|349
|343
|332
|1,964
|\n|Austria|1,115
|888
|812
|889
|834
|810
|5,348
|\n|Belgium|1,097
|918
|926
|907
|899
|971
|5,718
|\n|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1
|17
|34
|10
|4
|2
|68
|\n|Bulgaria|86
|88
|62
|53
|77
|51
|417
|\n|Canada|2,983
|2,904
|2,521
|2,957
|2,722
|2,732
|16,819
|\n|Croatia|20
|13
|5
|9
|14
|7
|68
|\n|Cyprus|254
|440
|423
|310
|312
|274
|2,013
|\n|Czech Rep.|212
|188
|182
|137
|98
|114
|931
|\n|Denmark|238
|176
|128
|159
|153
|142
|996
|\n|Estonia|2
|1
|-
|1
|2
|-
|6
|\n|Finland|164
|104
|118
|137
|209
|260
|992
|\n|France|2,486
|2,714
|2,449
|2,883
|2,319
|2,779
|15,630
|\n|Germany|2,397
|1,818
|1,545
|1,694
|1,599
|1,672
|10,725
|\n|Greece|1,686
|1,724
|1,506
|1,714
|1,791
|1,743
|10,164
|\n|Hungary|241
|241
|227
|173
|196
|148
|1,226
|\n|Iceland|7
|4
|2
|3
|7
|9
|32
|\n|Ireland|329
|296
|299
|299
|301
|329
|1,853
|\n|Italy|1,007
|1,137
|893
|1,550
|1,390
|1,240
|7,217
|\n|Japan|89
|92
|126
|104
|132
|128
|671
|\n|Latvia|2
|1
|1
|-
|1
|4
|9
|\n|Liechtenstein|4
|4
|2
|1
|1
|4
|16
|\n|Lithuania|11
|7
|15
|15
|10
|8
|66
|\n|Luxembourg|44
|26
|29
|45
|21
|33
|198
|\n|Malta|218
|150
|110
|202
|189
|232
|1,101
|\n|Montenegro|-
|3
|-
|-
|1
|1
|5
|\n|Netherlands|908
|862
|886
|929
|1,011
|1,169
|5,765
|\n|New Zealand|22
|17
|32
|21
|22
|20
|134
|\n|Norway|864
|783
|832
|852
|999
|1,073
|5,403
|\n|Poland|359
|634
|510
|566
|462
|479
|3,010
|\n|Portugal|7
|13
|11
|16
|12
|34
|93
|\n|Rep. of Korea|59
|19
|24
|23
|22
|25
|172
|\n|Romania|42
|54
|93
|39
|46
|84
|358
|\n|Serbia|5
|9
|11
|4
|3
|-
|32
|\n|Slovakia|45
|61
|66
|75
|75
|97
|419
|\n|Slovenia|17
|14
|11
|15
|45
|12
|114
|\n|Spain|372
|442
|336
|444
|420
|347
|2,361
|\n|Sweden|3,194
|2,209
|1,644
|1,839
|1,752
|1,629
|12,267
|\n|Switzerland|1,048
|859
|879
|1,086
|902
|1,171
|5,945
|\n|TfYR Macedonia|2
|1
|4
|1
|2
|3
|13
|\n|Turkey|666
|919
|625
|812
|903
|914
|4,839
|\n|United Kingdom|2,705
|2,510
|2,490
|2,270
|2,185
|2,385
|14,545
|\n|United States (EOIR)|1,126
|1,056
|1,156
|1,381
|1,280
|1,092
|7,091
|\n|United States (DHS)|3,018
|3,079
|2,905
|2,948
|3,380
|2,958
|18,288
|\n|EU-old (15)|17,749
|15,837
|14,072
|15,775
|14,896
|15,543
|93,872
|\n|EU-new (12)|1,489
|1,879
|1,700
|1,586
|1,513
|1,503
|9,670
|\n|EU-total (27)|19,238
|17,716
|15,772
|17,361
|16,409
|17,046
|103,542
|\n|Nordic region (5)|4,467
|3,276
|2,724
|2,990
|3,120
|3,113
|19,690
|\n|Western Europe (19)|19,672
|17,487
|15,787
|17,717
|16,805
|17,800
|105,268
|\n|Central Europe (11)|1,037
|1,302
|1,172
|1,083
|1,026
|1,004
|6,624
|\n|Southern Europe (8)|4,210
|4,830
|3,904
|5,048
|5,019
|4,784
|27,795
|\n|Europe (38)|21,855
|20,333
|18,166
|20,139
|19,247
|20,230
|119,970
|\n|Non-Europe (6)|7,599
|7,482
|7,087
|7,783
|7,901
|7,287
|45,139
|\n|North America (2)|7,127
|7,039
|6,582
|7,286
|7,382
|6,782
|42,198
|\n|Australia/New Z. (2)|324
|332
|355
|370
|365
|352
|2,098
|\n|**Total (44)**|**29,454**
|**27,815**
|**25,253**
|**27,922**
|**27,148**
|**27,517**
|**165,109**
|\n\n\n\n_**23**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n|Table 14. Monthly asylum applications lodged in 44 industrialized countries by origin, 2008
Top-40 ranking based on applications lodged during June 2008.
Totals between this Table and Table 1 differ because figures for the United States (DHS) by origin reflect the number of cases.|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|2008|\n|Origin|Jan.|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Total|\n|Iraq|4,451
|3,500
|2,714
|2,826
|2,951
|3,026
|19,468
|\n|China|1,432
|1,258
|1,410
|1,589
|1,564
|1,412
|8,665
|\n|Somalia|1,417
|998
|1,045
|1,203
|1,362
|1,396
|7,421
|\n|Russian Federation|1,990
|1,812
|1,372
|1,433
|1,449
|1,314
|9,370
|\n|Afghanistan|1,136
|1,083
|839
|1,095
|1,009
|1,103
|6,265
|\n|Pakistan|1,039
|1,111
|1,041
|1,086
|1,034
|1,023
|6,334
|\n|Serbia*|1,267
|1,106
|966
|1,038
|897
|958
|6,232
|\n|Mexico|802
|943
|769
|830
|987
|862
|5,193
|\n|Nigeria|749
|765
|748
|947
|784
|823
|4,816
|\n|Islamic Rep. of Iran|926
|751
|723
|746
|721
|742
|4,609
|\n|Eritrea|789
|764
|561
|599
|597
|734
|4,044
|\n|Sri Lanka|696
|810
|793
|851
|731
|710
|4,591
|\n|Haiti|592
|636
|545
|687
|644
|544
|3,648
|\n|Zimbabwe|339
|348
|476
|289
|354
|524
|2,330
|\n|Syrian Arab Rep.|392
|397
|373
|355
|432
|511
|2,460
|\n|Turkey|642
|672
|660
|595
|491
|510
|3,570
|\n|India|325
|315
|369
|390
|361
|444
|2,204
|\n|Dem. Rep. of the Congo|442
|425
|390
|442
|349
|425
|2,473
|\n|Georgia|285
|347
|315
|404
|413
|412
|2,176
|\n|Colombia|425
|458
|416
|520
|387
|397
|2,603
|\n|Mali|211
|171
|255
|447
|370
|396
|1,850
|\n|Armenia|341
|309
|301
|328
|314
|383
|1,976
|\n|Bangladesh|322
|448
|446
|479
|536
|377
|2,608
|\n|Guinea|294
|290
|286
|296
|254
|313
|1,733
|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|300
|315
|257
|300
|241
|306
|1,719
|\n|El Salvador|266
|252
|270
|365
|287
|276
|1,716
|\n|Ethiopia|255
|244
|230
|254
|248
|246
|1,477
|\n|Algeria|276
|271
|236
|233
|216
|234
|1,466
|\n|Stateless|236
|235
|154
|190
|228
|205
|1,248
|\n|Cameroon|175
|187
|193
|230
|204
|200
|1,189
|\n|United States|188
|205
|182
|235
|185
|184
|1,179
|\n|Sudan|196
|171
|141
|193
|174
|178
|1,053
|\n|Ghana|138
|98
|132
|152
|158
|161
|839
|\n|Guatemala|153
|189
|177
|193
|202
|156
|1,070
|\n|Myanmar|144
|145
|144
|139
|170
|151
|893
|\n|Uzbekistan|91
|110
|93
|86
|122
|142
|644
|\n|Egypt|146
|110
|99
|110
|132
|141
|738
|\n|Viet Nam|186
|187
|141
|171
|147
|138
|970
|\n|Albania|148
|162
|135
|157
|156
|137
|895
|\n|Burundi|86
|68
|50
|71
|69
|132
|476
|\n|Other|4,306
|4,268
|3,977
|4,525
|4,253
|4,347
|25,676
|\n|Total|28,594
|26,934
|24,424
|27,079
|26,183
|26,673
|159,887
|\n|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|**Note**
* Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.|\n\n\n\n_**24**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries", - "confidence": 0.6914052367210388, - "start": 2, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9716846346855164, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9548293352127075, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008**\n\n\n**Table 15. Top-40 countries of origin by main asylum region, second quarter 2008**\nSort order based on June data.\n\n|Industrialized countries (44 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,826|2,951|3,026|8,803|\n|China|1,589|1,564|1,412|4,565|\n|Somalia|1,203|1,362|1,396|3,961|\n|Russian Fed.|1,433|1,449|1,314|4,196|\n|Afghanistan|1,095|1,009|1,103|3,207|\n|Pakistan|1,086|1,034|1,023|3,143|\n|Serbia*|1,038|897|958|2,893|\n|Mexico|830|987|862|2,679|\n|Nigeria|947|784|823|2,554|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|746|721|742|2,209|\n|Eritrea|599|597|734|1,930|\n|Sri Lanka|851|731|710|2,292|\n|Haiti|687|644|544|1,875|\n|Zimbabwe|289|354|524|1,167|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|355|432|511|1,298|\n|Turkey|595|491|510|1,596|\n|India|390|361|444|1,195|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|442|349|425|1,216|\n|Georgia|404|413|412|1,229|\n|Colombia|520|387|397|1,304|\n|Mali|447|370|396|1,213|\n|Armenia|328|314|383|1,025|\n|Bangladesh|479|536|377|1,392|\n|Guinea|296|254|313|863|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|300|241|306|847|\n|El Salvador|365|287|276|928|\n|Ethiopia|254|248|246|748|\n|Algeria|233|216|234|683|\n|Stateless|190|228|205|623|\n|Cameroon|230|204|200|634|\n|United States|235|185|184|604|\n|Sudan|193|174|178|545|\n|Ghana|152|158|161|471|\n|Guatemala|193|202|156|551|\n|Myanmar|139|170|151|460|\n|Uzbekistan|86|122|142|350|\n|Egypt|110|132|141|383|\n|Viet Nam|171|147|138|456|\n|Albania|157|156|137|450|\n|Burundi|71|69|132|272|\n|Other|4,525|4,253|4,347|13,125|\n|Total|27,079|26,183|26,673|79,935|\n\n\n\n**Note**\n\n|Europe (38 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,708|2,829|2,919|8,456|\n|Somalia|1,156|1,292|1,337|3,785|\n|Russian Fed.|1,364|1,314|1,196|3,874|\n|Afghanistan|1,055|964|1,068|3,087|\n|Serbia*|996|857|937|2,790|\n|Pakistan|998|948|936|2,882|\n|Nigeria|866|725|762|2,353|\n|Eritrea|551|550|691|1,792|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|692|669|689|2,050|\n|Sri Lanka|676|595|577|1,848|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|348|419|501|1,268|\n|Turkey|551|466|472|1,489|\n|Zimbabwe|240|302|444|986|\n|Georgia|396|394|403|1,193|\n|Mali|428|350|392|1,170|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|402|313|380|1,095|\n|China|536|409|377|1,322|\n|Armenia|307|290|355|952|\n|Bangladesh|430|507|334|1,271|\n|India|232|221|300|753|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|275|219|285|779|\n|Guinea|258|216|279|753|\n|Algeria|226|214|226|666|\n|Stateless|175|206|194|575|\n|Sudan|171|153|159|483|\n|Ghana|138|148|153|439|\n|Ethiopia|99|125|137|361|\n|Cameroon|158|126|137|421|\n|Viet Nam|154|133|122|409|\n|Uzbekistan|67|105|119|291|\n|Azerbaijan|129|126|114|369|\n|Burundi|51|50|113|214|\n|Albania|110|101|112|323|\n|Congo|79|82|106|267|\n|Senegal|80|92|105|277|\n|Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya|68|94|102|264|\n|Angola|125|91|99|315|\n|Morocco|64|71|98|233|\n|Lebanon|111|116|93|320|\n|Egypt|67|75|90|232|\n|Other|2,601|2,291|2,318|7,210|\n|Total|20,138|19,248|20,231|59,617|\n\n\n- Figures may include citizens of Montenegro in the absence of separate statistics available for Serbia and Montenegro.\n\n\n_**25**_\n\n\n|European Union (27 countries)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Origin|April|May|June|Total|\n|Iraq|2,055|2,014|2,071|6,140|\n|Russian Fed.|1,286|1,207|1,122|3,615|\n|Somalia|990|1,073|1,102|3,165|\n|Pakistan|990|935|925|2,850|\n|Afghanistan|865|819|879|2,563|\n|Serbia*|808|713|781|2,302|\n|Nigeria|774|642|651|2,067|\n|Sri Lanka|567|462|444|1,473|\n|Syrian Arab
Rep.|292|381|437|1,110|\n|Islamic Rep. of
Iran|431|422|436|1,289|\n|Zimbabwe|232|298|432|962|\n|Turkey|486|423|419|1,328|\n|Mali|427|349|389|1,165|\n|Georgia|377|382|362|1,121|\n|Eritrea|283|299|360|942|\n|Armenia|302|289|348|939|\n|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|378|281|339|998|\n|China|512|389|336|1,237|\n|Bangladesh|427|500|332|1,259|\n|India|220|213|295|728|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|256|211|267|734|\n|Guinea|221|205|250|676|\n|Algeria|210|197|205|612|\n|Ghana|130|144|149|423|\n|Cameroon|145|118|130|393|\n|Stateless|117|145|121|383|\n|Viet Nam|153|125|116|394|\n|Sudan|151|119|115|385|\n|Azerbaijan|120|116|109|345|\n|Burundi|46|44|106|196|\n|Albania|104|96|104|304|\n|Congo|79|82|104|265|\n|Senegal|76|90|102|268|\n|Angola|104|79|93|276|\n|Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya|60|76|90|226|\n|Morocco|57|65|90|212|\n|Uzbekistan|64|81|89|234|\n|Lebanon|98|107|89|294|\n|Ethiopia|69|76|88|233|\n|Egypt|65|71|83|219|\n|Other|2,333|2,072|2,087|6,492|\n|Total|17,360|16,410|17,047|50,817|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/958e0a18-ff38-30a9-8b25-172e25a21049/35AF883E90EE68FBC12574E50048525D-unhcr_Oct2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_780/raw/doc_780_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_780/raw/doc_780_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c93529e9f1db9a4c0e4d032e197cab7c8050a2b6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_780/raw/doc_780_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINT SUR LE LTP**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NRC > R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n\n2 Rapport NRC\n\n\n#### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\nCette note pr\u00e9sente les principales conclusions et recommandations de\nla recherche men\u00e9e par le Conseil norv\u00e9gien pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (NRC)\nen R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA) afin de comprendre les principaux\nd\u00e9fis auxquels les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) et les personnes\nde retour sont confront\u00e9s dans l\u2019exercice de leur droit au logement, terre\net propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (LTP) au cours du d\u00e9placement, de l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale, de la\nr\u00e9installation et du retour.\n\n\nApr\u00e8s plus d\u2019un an de conflit arm\u00e9, de conflits politiques et de perturbations\nsans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la RCA \u00e9prouve encore des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 retrouver la paix.\nMalgr\u00e9 la signature d\u2019un accord de cessation des hostilit\u00e9s en juillet 2014\net la pr\u00e9sence de quelques 8000 soldats de la paix des Nations Unies2,\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n\u2019est toujours pas assur\u00e9e dans de nombreuses zones. Des\nactes de violence, y compris des violations des droits de l\u2019Homme, sont\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par toutes les parties au conflit.\n\n\nLa crise dans laquelle est plong\u00e9e la RCA a d\u00e9but\u00e9 lorsque plusieurs\nmouvements arm\u00e9s se sont regroup\u00e9s dans le nord-est et ont fusionn\u00e9\ndans une coalition principalement musulmane appel\u00e9e S\u00e9l\u00e9ka. Cette\ncoalition a renvers\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sident Boziz\u00e9 le 24 mars 2013 pour le remplacer\npar Michel Djotodia. La corruption, la violence et les violations des droits\nde l\u2019Homme par la S\u00e9l\u00e9ka ont provoqu\u00e9 en r\u00e9action la cr\u00e9ation de milices\nd\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense, majoritairement chr\u00e9tiennes, connues sous le nom d\u2019antiBalaka qui ont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment cibl\u00e9 et tu\u00e9 des civils musulmans. La crise s\u2019est\naggrav\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2013 lorsque les combats entre groupes arm\u00e9s\nrivaux dans la capitale Bangui ont fait au moins 1000 morts. Une pression\ninternationale accrue a finalement conduit \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission de Djotodia en\njanvier 2014. Un nouveau gouvernement de transition, dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019ancien\nmaire de Bangui Catherine Samba-Panza, a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place.\n\n\nLe conflit a \u00e9galement conduit \u00e0 de nombreuses violations des droits LTP.\nLes d\u00e9fis relatifs au LTP existants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9s par la destruction et\nle pillage de maisons dans de nombreuses zones et par les mouvements\nmassifs de population. Certaines maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites et pill\u00e9es de\nmani\u00e8re cibl\u00e9e contre un groupe sp\u00e9cifique, d\u2019autres l\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au hasard.\nDans les deux cas, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de tous leurs meubles, br\u00fbl\u00e9es\nou endommag\u00e9es. Les cultures et les greniers ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s ou\nd\u00e9truits. Rien que dans la seule ville de Sibut et ses environs (pr\u00e9fecture\nde K\u00e9mo), le NRC a identifi\u00e9 500 maisons br\u00fbl\u00e9es.\n\n\nPr\u00e8s de 440000 personnes sont toujours d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays,\nayant trouv\u00e9 refuge dans des sites religieux, aupr\u00e8s de familles d\u2019accueil, de\nlogements lou\u00e9s ou abandonn\u00e9s ou dans la brousse. Le pillage, l\u2019incendie,\nla destruction et la d\u00e9gradation des logements et des terres repr\u00e9sentent\nactuellement de s\u00e9rieux obstacles au retour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,\nqui ont souvent perdu toutes leurs sources de revenus. L\u2019occupation\n\n\n1 Photographie de couverture: Vincent Tremeau. Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 Carnot, Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kad\u00e9\u00ef, novembre 2014.\n\n\n2 Le 5 d\u00e9cembre 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies (CSNU) a adopt\u00e9 la R\u00e9solution 2127 mandatant\nle d\u00e9ploiement d\u2019un contingent de 1600 militaires fran\u00e7ais (\u2018Sangaris\u2019) pour d\u00e9sarmer les groupes arm\u00e9s et\nprot\u00e9ger les civils. Les troupes fran\u00e7aises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es en RCA pour travailler avec la Mission internationale\nde soutien \u00e0 la Centrafrique sous conduite de l\u2019Union Africaine (MISCA) op\u00e9rant sous le m\u00eame mandat onusien.\nLe 15 septembre 2014, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de la MISCA a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 la Mission multidimensionnelle int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des\nNations Unies pour la stabilisation en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (MINUSCA), autoris\u00e9e par la R\u00e9solution 2149\n(avril 2014), en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte des Nations Unies.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Renforcer les droits des femmes aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s < NRC\n\n\nsecondaire des maisons abandonn\u00e9es, l\u2019absence de documents LTP et la\nvente ill\u00e9gale de maisons emp\u00eachent \u00e9galement l\u2019exercice des droits LTP.\n\n\nDans les processus de paix, la priorit\u00e9 est souvent accord\u00e9e aux violations\ndes droits civils et politiques. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience a pourtant montr\u00e9 que la lutte\ncontre les violations des droits \u00e9conomiques et sociaux, tels que les droits\nLTP, est \u00e9galement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 d\u2019un processus efficace pour construire\nune paix durable. Le fait de ne pas traiter les questions LTP peut entra\u00eener\nde multiples cons\u00e9quences. Parmi celles-ci notamment, la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\ndes conditions de vie, le d\u00e9veloppement de bidonvilles et de quartiers\ninformels, les \u00e9victions forc\u00e9es, des logements et des terrains de moins en\nmoins abordables, l\u2019absence de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique fonci\u00e8re, des difficult\u00e9s\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance et aux services de base, l\u2019incapacit\u00e9\npour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de rentrer chez elles et des discriminations\ncontre les minorit\u00e9s dans les secteurs de l\u2019immobilier et de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nterres. Si la paix est r\u00e9tablie en RCA sans avoir relev\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis de mani\u00e8re\nad\u00e9quate, ils sont susceptibles de contribuer \u00e0 un regain d\u2019instabilit\u00e9. Le\nForum Bangui, sera une occasion importante de s\u2019attaquer aux causes\nde la violence et de faire des recommandations pour une r\u00e9conciliation\neffective. Les questions LTP devraient \u00eatre inclues dans les discussions.\n\n#### **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nCette note est un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 d\u2019un rapport du projet ICLA (Information,\nCounseling and Legal Assistance/ Information, Conseil et Assistance\nJuridique) du NRC en RCA, qui a recueilli des informations depuis le\nd\u00e9marrage du projet en juin 2014. La m\u00e9thodologie employ\u00e9e pour la\nrecherche a consist\u00e9 en un examen de la litt\u00e9rature existante ainsi qu\u2019une\nrecherche sur le terrain en RCA sur une p\u00e9riode de quatre semaines d\u2019ao\u00fbt\n\u00e0 septembre 2014.\n\n\nL\u2019information a \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillie par des m\u00e9thodes qualitatives: 21 groupes\nde discussion, 55 entretiens d\u2019informateurs cl\u00e9s et les observations des\nvisites de quartiers, villages et lieux de d\u00e9placements.3 Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillie\naupr\u00e8s de populations touch\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements, d\u2019autorit\u00e9s\nnationales et locales, de dirigeants communautaires, d\u2019organisations non\ngouvernementales locales et internationales, d\u2019agences des Nations Unies\net d\u2019autres acteurs concern\u00e9s. La recherche de terrain a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e\ndans trois zones: Bangui (y compris les communes voisines de Bimbo\net B\u00e9goua; les pr\u00e9fectures de K\u00e9mo (principalement Sibut et les villages\nenvironnants) et Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kade\u00ef (principalement Carnot et les villages\nenvironnants).\n\n\nCette recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e par l\u2019Agence des Nations Unies pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR). Le NRC est le seul responsable du contenu de cette\npublication.\n\n\n3 Au total, 128 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, rapatri\u00e9s et membres de communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil ont particip\u00e9 aux groupes\nde discussion. Parmi eux, 65 femmes et 63 hommes.\n\n\nRapport NRC 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NRC > R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n\n4 Rapport NRC\n\n\n#### **LOGEMENT, TERRE ET** **PROPRI\u00c9T\u00c9 EN RCA**\n\nLes droits LTP sont largement reconnus en droit international. La RCA\na ratifi\u00e9 les principales conventions des droits de l\u2019Homme ainsi qu\u2019un\n\u00e9ventail impressionnant d\u2019autres instruments internationaux qui d\u00e9taillent\nles obligations du gouvernement dans les situations de d\u00e9placement et\nde violations des droits de l\u2019Homme, y compris les droits LTP. Un effort\npour transposer ces instruments internationaux dans le droit interne a\nr\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 repris.\n\n\nLe r\u00e9gime foncier en RCA est principalement r\u00e9gi par le Code Domanial\nde 1964. Toutefois, ce cadre l\u00e9gislatif n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 jour et pr\u00e9voit que\ntoutes les terres n\u2019ayant pas \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9galement enregistr\u00e9es sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es\ncomme appartenant \u00e0 l\u2019Etat. Le processus d\u2019enregistrement est centralis\u00e9,\nlourd et co\u00fbteux, ce qui fait que la plupart des personnes en RCA n\u2019ont pas\nenregistr\u00e9 la parcelle de terrain sur laquelle elles sont install\u00e9es. Cela se\ntraduit par l\u2019absence de titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et de preuves de l\u2019occupation\nl\u00e9gale pour la majorit\u00e9 de la population. Seulement 0,1 pour cent des terres\nsont enregistr\u00e9es et entre 1899, lorsque le titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit,\net juillet 2012, seulement 8579 titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s. En raison\nde la faiblesse de la gestion des terres et du syst\u00e8me d\u2019administration, la\nplupart des centrafricains acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 la terre et au logement par h\u00e9ritage\nou par le biais du chef de leur localit\u00e9.\n\n\nComme beaucoup d\u2019autres pays en d\u00e9veloppement, l\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes\nau LTP en RCA est tr\u00e8s d\u00e9pendant de leur relation avec un homme. Les\nfemmes souffrent de pratiques discriminatoires en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage, qui\naboutissent souvent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9viction de la femme par la famille de son mari/\npartenaire suite au d\u00e9c\u00e8s de celui-ci.\n\n#### **PRINCIPAUX DEFIS EN MATIERE DE** **LOGEMENT, TERRE ET PROPRIETE**\n\n\n**DANS LE CONTEXTE DU DEPLACEMENT**\n\n\nLe conflit a entra\u00een\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements massifs \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur\ndu pays. Les personnes n\u2019ayant pas travers\u00e9 de fronti\u00e8re ont cherch\u00e9\nrefuge dans des sites de d\u00e9placement spontan\u00e9s sous forme de sites,\navec des familles d\u2019accueil ou dans la brousse. Elles ont \u00e9galement opt\u00e9\npour l\u2019installation dans des maisons abandonn\u00e9es ou dans des maisons\nlou\u00e9es. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de\nLTP diff\u00e9rents en fonction de leur situation.\n\n\n**DES DEFIS LTP DIFFERENTS SELON LES SCHEMAS DE**\n**DEPLACEMENT**\n\n\nDans les sites, les d\u00e9fis sont bien connus et comprennent l\u2019insuffisance\ndes installations d\u2019h\u00e9bergement, le manque d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et l\u2019absence\nde mat\u00e9riaux de couchage et autres. Dans les sites qui fonctionnaient\nauparavant comme \u00e9tablissements d\u2019enseignement, certains d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nont indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient sous pression pour quitter le lieu et menac\u00e9s\nd\u2019expulsion. Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s musulmans vivant dans les sites sont confin\u00e9s\ndans des enclaves et ont peu ou pas de libert\u00e9 de mouvement. Par exemple,\n\u00e0 Carnot, quelque 600 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es musulmanes sont confin\u00e9es\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Renforcer les droits des femmes aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s < NRC\n\n\n\ndans la Mission catholique depuis f\u00e9vrier 2014 et ne peuvent pas partir de\npeur d\u2019\u00eatre attaqu\u00e9es par des combattants anti-Balaka si elles sortent de\nl\u2019enclave.\n\n\n## _\u201c [ Avant la crise je faisais et vendais du yaourt dans de petits sachets. Avec l\u2019argent \u00e9conomis\u00e9, j\u2019avais ]_\n\n_achet\u00e9 un frigidaire pour 10000 FCFA (17 $) mais le 5 d\u00e9cembre 2013 j\u2019ai d\u00fb partir avec mes enfants,_\n_sans rien. Nous sommes venus dormir ici (Don Bosco), sous la pluie. \u201d_\n\n\n\nJeune femme, site de Don Bosco, Bangui, RCA, d\u00e9cembre 2014\n\n\n\nLes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui ont choisi de vivre avec des familles signalent\ndes tensions avec leur h\u00f4tes, telles que des disputes entre les enfants et les\nfemmes pour le partage de la nourriture ou de l\u2019eau. A Sibut des tensions\nplus graves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es, plusieurs personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es indiquant\nqu\u2019elles \u00e9taient \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019autres options de logement.\n\n\nSoixante pour cent des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interview\u00e9es \u00e0 Carnot et\nSibut ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir cherch\u00e9 refuge dans la brousse au cours de leur\nd\u00e9placement. Le d\u00e9placement temporaire du village vers la brousse n\u2019est\npas un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne nouveau en RCA. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 comme m\u00e9canisme\nde protection contre le banditisme et contre les risques environnementaux\npendant des d\u00e9cennies. Les familles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en mesure de\nsurvivre dans la brousse pour de courtes p\u00e9riodes. La crise actuelle,\ncependant, a souvent conduit \u00e0 des s\u00e9jours prolong\u00e9s dans la brousse o\u00f9\nles abris et les conditions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne sont inad\u00e9quats.\n\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es louant des logements \u00e0 Bangui, Sibut\net Carnot ont d\u2019abord cherch\u00e9 refuge dans un site pour PDI ou aupr\u00e8s\nd\u2019une famille d\u2019accueil. Aucune d\u2019entre elles ne disposait de contrat \u00e9crit\net toutes ont expliqu\u00e9 que leur s\u00e9jour \u00e9tait bas\u00e9 sur un accord verbal. Sans\nsurprises, la difficult\u00e9 premi\u00e8re pour ce groupe \u00e9tait leur incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 payer\nle loyer puisque ces personnes ont perdu leurs moyens de subsistance.\nLes cons\u00e9quences des retards de paiement d\u00e9pendent de l\u2019attitude du\npropri\u00e9taire, ainsi que de l\u2019implication du chef local.4 A plusieurs reprises,\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont indiqu\u00e9 que leur \u00e9viction avait \u00e9t\u00e9 emp\u00each\u00e9e\npar l\u2019intervention du chef de la localit\u00e9. Cependant, dans un nombre de cas\nimportant, les PDI indiquaient qu\u2019elles allaient d\u2019un bien lou\u00e9 \u00e0 un autre, en\n\u00e9tant toujours confront\u00e9es au m\u00eame probl\u00e8me.\n\n\nDans les trois zones de l\u2019\u00e9tude, les PDI ont trouv\u00e9 refuge dans des maisons\nabandonn\u00e9es principalement par des musulmans. La plupart des maisons\nabandonn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es, br\u00fbl\u00e9es ou d\u00e9truites et n\u2019offrent par cons\u00e9quent\nm\u00eame pas une protection minimale. A Carnot, de nombreuses personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es vivant dans des maisons abandonn\u00e9es risquent l\u2019\u00e9viction, sauf si\nleur s\u00e9jour est pr\u00e9alablement approuv\u00e9 par le bureau de la Mairie.\n## _\u201c [ Une fois ici [Sibut], nous avons repris quelques maisons abandonn\u00e9es et nous y sommes install\u00e9s. ]_\n\n_Cela fait maintenant trois mois que nous vivons ici. Avant d\u2019arriver \u00e0 Sibut, nous avons pass\u00e9 trois mois_\n_dans la brousse. Nous ne sommes pas les seuls \u00e0 avoir occup\u00e9 une maison abandonn\u00e9e. Si ceux qui_\n_vivaient dans cette maison reviennent, nous serons oblig\u00e9s de faire nos valises et de partir, de dormir \u00e0_\n_nouveau dans la brousse ou d\u2019errer, comme des animaux._\n## _\u201d_\n\nHomme, 46 ans, Sibut, K\u00e9mo, RCA, novembre 2014\n\n\n4 Le chef de village (dans les zones rurales) ou chef de quartier (dans les zones urbaines) est un repr\u00e9sentant \u00e9lu\ndu gouvernement au niveau local qui r\u00e9pond au Maire de la zone et au Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019administration du territoire,\nde la d\u00e9centralisation et r\u00e9gionalisation. Assimil\u00e9s fr\u00e9quemment par erreur au syst\u00e8me coutumier, les chefs sont\nsouvent les seuls fournisseurs de services d\u2019administration et de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends.\n\n\nRapport NRC 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NRC > R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n\n#### **DANS LE CADRE DU RETOUR**\n\n**Dommages au LTP**\n\n\nLes pillages, les incendies, la destruction totale ou partielle des logements,\ncultures et greniers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise. Des\nmaisons choisies au hasard ou cibl\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de tous leurs\nmeubles, semences, outils et autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme pr\u00e9cieux.\nDans de nombreux cas, le pillage a inclus les portes, les fen\u00eatres et m\u00eame\nles toits. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s comme combustible dans les\ncamps utilis\u00e9s par les groupes arm\u00e9s ou vendus localement.\n\n\nBeaucoup de maisons ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es.\nCette tactique semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus souvent adopt\u00e9e lors de l\u2019avanc\u00e9e\net le retrait des membres de l\u2019ex-S\u00e9l\u00e9ka dans les villages situ\u00e9s le long\ndes routes de Sibut, Carnot et leurs environs. Il n\u2019existe pas d\u2019inventaire\ncomplet des maisons pill\u00e9es, incendi\u00e9es et d\u00e9truites dans les trois zones\n\u00e9tudi\u00e9es.\n\n\nCertains inventaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entrepris au niveau local \u00e0 l\u2019initiative des\nautorit\u00e9s ou des ONG. Par exemple, dans les villes de Sibut, Carnot\net alentours, le NRC a identifi\u00e9 respectivement 500 et 400 maisons\nincendi\u00e9es. A B\u00e9goua, au nord de Bangui, le Bureau des Nations Unies\npour la coordination des affaires humanitaires (OCHA) estime que\n800 maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement ou compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9truites. Enfin,\nl\u2019absence prolong\u00e9e a produit des dommages importants sur les maisons\nabandonn\u00e9es qui n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ailleurs.\n\n\n**D\u00e9fis pour retrouver son logement**\n\n\nUne tendance a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans les trois zones d\u2019op\u00e9ration du NRC :\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00abretournent\u00bb dans leurs champs, leurs quartiers\nou leurs villages d\u2019origine sans vivre dans leurs maisons, car celles-ci\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 gravement endommag\u00e9es et / ou parce que les PDI n\u2019ont pas\nles moyens de les r\u00e9habiliter, m\u00eame lorsque les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts sont minimes. Par\ncons\u00e9quent, elles ont cherch\u00e9 un autre logement. Beaucoup ont lou\u00e9 une\nmaison \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de leur lieu d\u2019origine, d\u2019autres se sont install\u00e9es pr\u00e8s\nde leurs champs alors que d\u2019autres encore ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillies par des\nparents. A Bangui et Sibut, un nombre important de PDI qui louaient un\nlogement avant le d\u00e9placement ont expliqu\u00e9 que m\u00eame si elles trouvaient\nles moyens de payer le loyer, elles ne seraient pas encore en mesure de\nretourner dans leur maison parce que le propri\u00e9taire exige le paiement du\nloyer \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 elles ont fui ou parce qu\u2019il garde la caution ou\ndes objets oubli\u00e9s comme garantie du paiement des arri\u00e9r\u00e9s.\n\n\n## _\u201c_\n\n\n\n_Nous ne pourrons jamais rentrer \u00e0 la maison. Nous avons d\u00fb partir en courant et laisser tout ce que_\n_nous avions derri\u00e8re nous. J\u2019avais un champ pour cultiver des bananes et du manioc, mais les groupes_\n_arm\u00e9s sont venus et ont tout d\u00e9truit et pill\u00e9. Maintenant tout a disparu \u201d_\n\n\n\nHomme, Carnot, Mamb\u00e9r\u00e9-Kade\u00ef, RCA, novembre 2014.\n\n\n\n**Absence de documents LTP**\n\n\nEnviron 80% des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interview\u00e9es dans les zones\nurbaines de Bangui, Carnot et Sibut ayant indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019elles poss\u00e9daient une\nattestation de vente (AdV) ou document similaire avant leur d\u00e9placement,\nont perdu ces documents au cours du d\u00e9placement. Toutes les personnes\n\n\n\n6 Rapport NRC\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Renforcer les droits des femmes aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s < NRC\n\n\ninterview\u00e9es comptent sur le chef de leur localit\u00e9 pour appuyer leur\nrevendication de restitution de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en cas de contestation.\n\n\n**L\u2019occupation secondaire**\n\n\nL\u2019occupation secondaire des logements a pris diverses formes et il est\ndifficile de faire des g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisations significatives sur ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Il est\ncependant certain que ce sont principalement les logements abandonn\u00e9s\npar les musulmans qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9s. Les maisons n\u2019appartenant pas\n\u00e0 des groupes minoritaires n\u2019ont souvent pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en consid\u00e9ration\npour l\u2019occupation temporaire et sont rest\u00e9es vacantes. L\u2019\u00e9tude a observ\u00e9\nl\u2019occupation de logements abandonn\u00e9s par les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\n\u00e0 Carnot et Sibut, et dans une moindre mesure \u00e0 Bangui. A Carnot, les\nautorit\u00e9s locales ont tent\u00e9 de fournir une autorisation \u00e9crite. Elles ont\n\u00e9galement encourag\u00e9 les fonctionnaires du gouvernement local \u00e0 occuper\nles logements vacants. A Sibut et Bangui, la plupart des PDI occupent un\nlogement sans autorisation ou sur la base d\u2019une autorisation verbale. A\nBangui et Sibut, des rapports font \u00e9tat de logements abandonn\u00e9s occup\u00e9s\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s. L\u2019occupation de logements abandonn\u00e9s par des\nvoisins et des connaissances a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e \u00e0 Bangui et Carnot.\n\n\n[Avant ce conflit, il n\u2019y avait aucun probl\u00e8me entre chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans. Nous \u00e9tions habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 vivre ]\n## _\u201c_\nc\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te comme des fr\u00e8res. Cependant, comme certains musulmans ont pris les armes et se sont battus\naux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la S\u00e9l\u00e9ka, des jeunes de la zone ont rejoint les rangs de l\u2019anti-Balaka. Des combats, la violence\net des enl\u00e8vements ont suivi. Avant les affrontements, il y avait une centaine de musulmans ici, mais\naujourd\u2019hui, ils sont tous partis. Certaines de leurs maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites, d\u2019autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9es par\nles natifs du village. La maison o\u00f9 je s\u00e9journe actuellement appartient \u00e0 un musulman.\n## _\u201d_\n\nChef de quartier, Sibut, K\u00e9mo, RCA, novembre 2014\n\n\n**Construction sur des parcelles abandonn\u00e9es**\n**et ventes forc\u00e9es ou ill\u00e9gales**\n\n\nDans au moins un des districts de Bangui on a constat\u00e9 la construction\nde maisons sur des parcelles abandonn\u00e9es par des r\u00e9sidents musulmans.\nDans tous les cas, il s\u2019agissait de structures construites apr\u00e8s la destruction\ncompl\u00e8te de la maison pr\u00e9-existante. L\u2019apparition de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne semble\nd\u00e9pendre du niveau d\u2019autorit\u00e9 du chef du quartier : un chef a expliqu\u00e9 qu\u2019il\na \u00e9t\u00e9 incapable d\u2019emp\u00eacher la construction d\u2019une structure sur un terrain\ncomportant une maison d\u00e9truite tandis qu\u2019un autre a indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019il interdisait\ntout simplement cette pratique. Le NRC a \u00e9galement parl\u00e9 avec deux chefs\nde Bangui qui ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et criminels avaient\nessay\u00e9 de les forcer \u00e0 officialiser un AdV pour une maison abandonn\u00e9e.\n\n\n**Autres obstacles au retour**\n\n\nA Bangui, Carnot et Sibut, les PDI interrog\u00e9es ont indiqu\u00e9 leur d\u00e9sir de\ns\u2019int\u00e9grer dans la zone de d\u00e9placement ou de se r\u00e9installer ailleurs en raison\ndes \u00e9v\u00e9nements atroces v\u00e9cus dans leurs maisons. Si ce traumatisme est\nune cons\u00e9quence \u00e9vidente de la violence, il semblerait que la r\u00e9ticence \u00e0\nretourner chez elles est \u00e9galement due \u00e0 certaines restrictions culturelles.\n\n\nPar exemple, \u00e0 Carnot des membres de la communaut\u00e9 Gbaya ont parl\u00e9\ndu fioboro, une croyance qui emp\u00eache les personnes de retourner dans\nune maison o\u00f9 un membre de leur famille a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 de peur de mourir\nelles-m\u00eames.\n\n\nRapport NRC 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NRC > R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n\n8 Rapport NRC\n\n\n#### **Int\u00e9gration et r\u00e9installation**\n\nA la lumi\u00e8re de la dynamique du conflit en RCA, on peut s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce\nqu\u2019un certain nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (et de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s) optent\npour l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale ou la r\u00e9installation ailleurs dans le pays. Environ un\ncinqui\u00e8me des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es interrog\u00e9es par le NRC ont indiqu\u00e9\nleur pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration locale ou la r\u00e9installation. Comme pour\nles personnes retourn\u00e9es, les d\u00e9fis anticip\u00e9s le plus fr\u00e9quemment pour les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es s\u2019int\u00e9grant ou se r\u00e9installant portent sur le manque\nde moyens pour louer, construire ou acqu\u00e9rir un logement. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es pr\u00e9voyant de s\u2019int\u00e9grer ou de se r\u00e9installer dans\nune zone rurale ne s\u2019attendaient pas \u00e0 rencontrer de probl\u00e8mes pour\nacc\u00e9der \u00e0 une parcelle.\n\n#### **DIFFERENDS LIES AU LTP**\n\n\nLes diff\u00e9rends li\u00e9s au LTP peuvent se produire au cours de toutes les phases\ndu d\u00e9placement, mais c\u2019est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral le retour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ndans leurs communaut\u00e9s d\u2019origine qui est susceptible d\u2019entra\u00eener les\nrevendications de LTP les plus vives. Compte tenu du mouvement de retour\nlimit\u00e9 au moment de cette recherche, tr\u00e8s peu de diff\u00e9rends r\u00e9els sur les\nbiens LTP ont \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9s. Par exemple, \u00e0 Sibut un chef essayait de r\u00e9gler\nun diff\u00e9rend entre une personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e occupant la maison de son p\u00e8re\nd\u00e9funt et son fr\u00e8re, qui \u00e9tait actuellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9 dans un site. A Bangui,\nle NRC a rencontr\u00e9 une PDI musulmane qui avait demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un voisin de\nprendre soin de sa propri\u00e9t\u00e9 avant de partir pour un site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans\nune autre partie de la ville. Plusieurs semaines plus tard, le PDI s\u2019est rendu\ncompte que ce voisin avait entrepris des travaux de construction dans la\nmaison et en revendiquait d\u00e9sormais la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n#### **APERCU DES EFFORTS DEPLOYES**\n\n\nL\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante, l\u2019insuffisance des infrastructures, la faiblesse\ndes capacit\u00e9s du gouvernement et un financement limit\u00e9 ont forc\u00e9 les\nautorit\u00e9s de transition, la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire et les autres acteurs\ninternationaux \u00e0 se concentrer sur la r\u00e9ponse aux besoins de base des\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par le d\u00e9placement par le biais de la fourniture de\nnourriture, d\u2019eau et d\u2019abris. Par cons\u00e9quent, la r\u00e9ponse aux d\u00e9fis LTP a \u00e9t\u00e9\nminime.\n\n\n**AUTORITES DE TRANSITION**\n\n\nAlors que les autorit\u00e9s de transition reconnaissent les nombreux d\u00e9fis que\nposent les questions de LTP, il semblerait que les minist\u00e8res concern\u00e9s\nn\u2019aient pas encore r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi collectivement \u00e0 un plan d\u2019action conjoint pour\ntraiter les besoins LTP urgents, au-del\u00e0 de la fourniture d\u2019abris pour les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les sites.\n\n\nLa feuille de route du gouvernement de transition de mars 2014 [5] indique\nses priorit\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 f\u00e9vrier 2015, mais elle ne fait aucune r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux\nd\u00e9fis relatifs au LTP et aux r\u00e9ponses possibles.\n\n\n5 Feuille de route du Gouvernement de Transition de la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine, mars 2014.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Renforcer les droits des femmes aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s < NRC\n\n\nLa RCA a sign\u00e9 un nombre impressionnant d\u2019instruments internationaux\nqui d\u00e9taillent les obligations du gouvernement dans les situations de\nd\u00e9placement et de violations des droits LTP. En 2011, le gouvernement\nde la RCA, avec le soutien de l\u2019ONU, a command\u00e9 un audit juridique afin\nd\u2019examiner la conformit\u00e9 de la l\u00e9gislation nationale avec les instruments\ninternationaux qu\u2019il a ratifi\u00e9s sur des questions li\u00e9es au d\u00e9placement. Le\nstatut du suivi de cet audit n\u2019est pas clair. En ao\u00fbt 2014, le Minist\u00e8re de la\nsant\u00e9 et de l\u2019action humanitaire, avec le soutien de l\u2019Agence des Nations\nUnies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR), a \u00e9tabli un groupe de travail pour se pencher\nsur le d\u00e9veloppement de la l\u00e9gislation nationale sur les d\u00e9placements\ninternes. Il est \u00e0 esp\u00e9rer que cela attire l\u2019attention sur les obligations du\ngouvernement sur le r\u00e9tablissement des droits LTP.\n\n\n**LA COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\nLes organisations humanitaires ont soutenu le gouvernement de transition\nen fournissant des abris pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Le Cluster\nCCCM diffuse r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement un aper\u00e7u des besoins des PDI dans les\nsites \u00e0 Bangui. La communaut\u00e9 humanitaire a cependant des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0\nr\u00e9pondre aux besoins en raison d\u2019un nombre limit\u00e9 d\u2019acteurs gestionnaires\nde camps et de la p\u00e9nurie de financement. La r\u00e9ponse aux d\u00e9fis dans\nles sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s est en outre entrav\u00e9e par le manque de donn\u00e9es\nfiables sur les sites en dehors de Bangui. L\u2019absence de donn\u00e9es sur les\nPDI ayant choisi d\u2019autres options (comme la location, les familles d\u2019accueil,\nl\u2019occupation de logements abandonn\u00e9s ou la brousse) entrave \u00e9galement\nla r\u00e9ponse aux besoins. L\u2019aide aux PDI dans ces diff\u00e9rentes situations et\ndans les trois zones d\u2019\u00e9tude repose sur l\u2019attitude du chef (est ce que celui-ci\na \u00e9t\u00e9 actif dans la collecte d\u2019informations sur les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\net dans la transmission de ces informations aux autorit\u00e9s ou aux acteurs\nhumanitaires?) ainsi que du niveau d\u2019organisation de ces personnes. Dans\nla plupart des cas observ\u00e9s, les PDI en dehors des sites n\u2019avaient re\u00e7u\naucune aide.\n\n\nLe gouvernement de transition semble pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer que les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es retournent dans leurs zones d\u2019origine. M\u00eame si aucune strat\u00e9gie\nnationale pour des solutions durables n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e, la plupart des acteurs\nhumanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 se concentrer sur les pr\u00e9paratifs des\nmouvements de retour.\n\n\n\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 le manque d\u2019inventaire des logements endommag\u00e9s / d\u00e9truits,\nainsi que l\u2019absence de nombreux propri\u00e9taires, un \u00e9quilibre doit \u00eatre trouv\u00e9.\nLes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ne devraient pas se sentir oblig\u00e9es de rentrer\nen raison d\u2019une aide possible, mais les organisations humanitaires ont\nbesoin d\u2019une garantie que les propri\u00e9taires reviendront dans une maison\nr\u00e9habilit\u00e9e. Localiser l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 se trouvent les propri\u00e9taires musulmans\nqui restent d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la RCA reste difficile. De\nnombreuses organisations \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s pour v\u00e9rifier si elles\ntraitent avec les propri\u00e9taires l\u00e9gitimes d\u2019une maison endommag\u00e9e au\ncours de leurs efforts de r\u00e9habilitation.\n\n\nRapport NRC 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NRC > R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine\n\n\n10 Rapport NRC\n\n\n#### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n**FOURNIR DES DONNEES SUR LES PERSONNES**\n**DEPLACEES ET RETOURNEES**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019action humanitaire, et les organisations internationales\ncomp\u00e9tentes, en particulier la Commission mouvements de population,\ndevraient fournir plus d\u2019informations sur le nombre et les besoins des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vivant dans des sites en dehors de Bangui, dans des\nlogements lou\u00e9s, qui sont h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans des familles d\u2019accueil, qui vivent\ndans un logement abandonn\u00e9 ou qui ont trouv\u00e9 refuge dans la brousse, \u00e0\nla fois dans et en dehors de Bangui ainsi que la situation des personnes\nretourn\u00e9es. La communaut\u00e9 des bailleurs devrait financer les efforts de\ncollecte de donn\u00e9es en cours.\n\n\n**S\u2019ENGAGER A TRAITER LES DEFIS LTP**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les Minist\u00e8res du logement, de l\u2019urbanisme et de l\u2019administration du\nterritoire, avec le soutien des organisations humanitaires comp\u00e9tentes,\ndevraient entreprendre une \u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire de la situation LTP, se\nconcentrant sur les logements endommag\u00e9s, d\u00e9truits, abandonn\u00e9s et\noccup\u00e9s.\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le gouvernement de transition devrait adopter une politique pr\u00e9liminaire\nsur le LTP confirmant son attachement aux instruments internationaux\nque la RCA a ratifi\u00e9s, tels que la Convention de l\u2019Union africaine sur la\nprotection et l\u2019assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en Afrique (Convention\nde Kampala).6\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 La communaut\u00e9 des bailleurs devrait consid\u00e9rer les r\u00e9ponses aux d\u00e9fis LTP\ncomme partie int\u00e9grante de la phase humanitaire, et non pas seulement du\nrel\u00e8vement ou des efforts de d\u00e9veloppement, et financer celles-ci.\n\n\n**SE CONCENTRER SUR LES SOLUTIONS DURABLES**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les autorit\u00e9s de transition, avec l\u2019appui de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire\nrepr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9quipe humanitaire pays (HCT), devraient acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la\nfinalisation et l\u2019adoption d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie nationale de solutions durables.\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 La communaut\u00e9 des bailleurs devrait financer l\u2019entretien des sites de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, ainsi que la cr\u00e9ation de conditions favorables pour\ntrouver des solutions durables.\n\n\n**ACHEMINER L\u2019AIDE EN DEHORS DES SITES**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019action humanitaire et la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire devrait\ngarantir qu\u2019une assistance soit fournie aux PDI vivant dans des logements\nlou\u00e9s et dans des familles d\u2019accueil pour am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Les\nbailleurs devraient fournir plus de financement \u00e0 cette fin.\n\n\n**FACILITER LE RECUPERATION DU LOGEMENT**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Cluster abris devrait poursuivre ses efforts pour \u00e9tendre l\u2019assistance\naux PDI qui louaient un logement avant le d\u00e9placement. Il devrait compl\u00e9ter\nla r\u00e9habilitation des logements par la distribution de kits d\u2019ustensiles ou de\nl\u2019argent pour augmenter le taux d\u2019occupation des logements r\u00e9habilit\u00e9s.\n\n\n6 _La Convention de Kampala_ (Convention de l\u2019Union africaine sur la protection et l\u2019assistance aux personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es en Afrique) d\u00e9crit les obligations des Etats signataires et autres acteurs relatives \u00e0 la protection\net l\u2019assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es pendant toutes les phases du d\u00e9placement. La RCA a ratifi\u00e9 cette\n[Convention et est donc juridiquement li\u00e9e par ses dispositions. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Projects/](http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Projects/idp/kampala/Kampala-Convention-French.pdf?la=en)\n[idp/kampala/Kampala-Convention-French.pdf?la=en](http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Projects/idp/kampala/Kampala-Convention-French.pdf?la=en)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Renforcer les droits des femmes aux logements, terres et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s < NRC\n\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Cluster abris devrait aussi garantir que les efforts visant \u00e0 faciliter la\nr\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des logements soient bas\u00e9s sur le droit pour que toutes les\ncommunaut\u00e9s retourn\u00e9es aient le droit au m\u00eame type d\u2019aide.\n\n\n**PROT\u00c9GER LES LOGEMENTS ET TERRES ABANDONNES**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le gouvernement de transition, avec l\u2019appui de la MINUSCA, devrait assurer\nla protection physique des biens abandonn\u00e9s, et adopter une directive\ninterdisant la destruction / l\u2019occupation des logements abandonn\u00e9s, la\nconstruction sur des parcelles abandonn\u00e9es ou abritant des maisons\nd\u00e9truites.\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les Minist\u00e8res de l\u2019urbanisme et de l\u2019administration du territoire devraient\nsuspendre la d\u00e9livrance et la validation des contrats de vente par des chefs\ndans les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents.\n\n\n**REGLER LES QUESTIONS D\u2019OCCUPATION SECONDAIRE**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les autorit\u00e9s locales, avec le soutien du Cluster abris, devraient fournir des\nabris pour les PDI occupant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019autres personnes qui ont des\npr\u00e9occupations d\u2019abri l\u00e9gitimes, et / ou r\u00e9glementer l\u2019occupation.\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le gouvernement de transition avec le soutien de la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire, devrait pr\u00e9parer un plan d\u2019urgence pour traiter les besoins en\nabris des PDI qui occupent des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au cas o\u00f9 les mouvements de\nretour augmentent et les programmes de restitution commencent.\n\n\n**SE PREPARER A UNE AUGMENTATION DES DIFFERENDS**\n**LTP**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les Minist\u00e8res de l\u2019urbanisme, de l\u2019habitat et de la justice, avec le soutien\nde la MINUSCA, des acteurs humanitaires et du d\u00e9veloppement, devraient\nse pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 une augmentation des diff\u00e9rends li\u00e9s au LTP, notamment par\nle biais de proc\u00e9dures judiciaires simplifi\u00e9es, de tribunaux itin\u00e9rants et de\nm\u00e9canismes de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends \u00e0 base communautaire.\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Minist\u00e8re de la r\u00e9conciliation devrait poursuivre ses efforts pour\ncomprendre l\u2019impact du conflit sur le tissu social du pays. Une telle analyse\ndevrait \u00e9clairer les politiques visant \u00e0 reconstruire l\u2019\u00c9tat et promouvoir la\nr\u00e9conciliation de mani\u00e8re compl\u00e8te.\n\n\n**TRAITER L\u2019EVICTIONS DES FEMMES**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019action humanitaire et sa Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la promotion\nde la femme devraient entreprendre une \u00e9tude sur les d\u00e9fis auxquels sont\nconfront\u00e9es les femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et retourn\u00e9es dans l\u2019exercice de leur\ndroits LTP et mener des activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation sur l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des droits\ndes hommes et des femmes, y compris dans le domaine des droits LTP. Ces\nactivit\u00e9s devraient \u00eatre soutenues par l\u2019unit\u00e9 genre de la MINUSCA, ONU\nFemmes, le Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population (FNUAP), le Groupe\nde travail sur les questions LTP et d\u2019autres organisations comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n\n**PR\u00c9PARER** **LES** **RETOURS** **VOLONTAIRES** **ET** **LA**\n**RESTITUTION DE LTP**\n\n\u2af8\u2af8 Les efforts en cours devraient examiner les questions de LTP, car ces\nquestions peuvent nuire \u00e0 une paix durable si elles ne sont pas trait\u00e9es.\nLes Minist\u00e8res de l\u2019urbanisme, de l\u2019habitat, de l\u2019administration du territoire\net de la justice devraient ensuite mener des efforts pour d\u00e9velopper des\nprogrammes appropri\u00e9s de restitution et de compensation des LTP. Avec\nle soutien de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire, ils devraient s\u2019assurer que les\ngroupes cibles sont sensibilis\u00e9s sur leurs droits LTP.\n\nRapport NRC 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8c1cb2f9-b3f9-3f28-9787-a1d224a4a0c6/carhlpbrieffrenchlores.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_781/raw/doc_781_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_781/raw/doc_781_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f1fa5eae530772179b1f96e9ea44f8e402f40d06..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_781/raw/doc_781_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Authors:** Andreetti, C.C. [*], Benato, D. [**], Brumat, E. [**], Burns, D.C. [**], Coloni, F. [**], Gianvenuti, A. [*], Ismail, K. [**],\nJoshi I. [*], Nkuingoua Nana, J.C. [**], Omeira N. [*], Rivero, S. [*,**], Salvestrin, H.E. [**], Walter, S. [*], Yonetani, M.C. [**], Zuzhang, X. [*]\n\n*FAO, **UNHCR\n\n\n## **Greening the** **Humanitarian** **Response Project**\n\nThis issue brief has been prepared by\nthe Food and Agriculture Organization\nof the United Nations (FAO) and the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR), within the\nframework of the project **[Greening](https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/7f9ef7f6-983e-41e3-8a3f-36d3961bfcb2/content)**\n**[the Humanitarian Response](https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/7f9ef7f6-983e-41e3-8a3f-36d3961bfcb2/content)** (GHR),\nfunded by the Directorate-General\nfor European Civil Protection and\nHumanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO).\nThe project builds on the work FAO\nhas done with UNHCR and partners to\nalleviate pressure on the environment\nand support energy access for both\ndisplaced and host communities in\nvarious parts of the world.\n\n\nThis project is a global initiative that\npromotes good practices and innovative\napproaches, enhances existing\nassessment methodologies and creates\ndata evidence on environmental impact,\nenergy needs and related challenges.\nAt the country level, in Djibouti,\nSomalia, Uganda and the United\nRepublic of Tanzania, biophysical and\nsocioeconomic assessments have been\nconducted to establish baselines and\ninform decision-making for short-term\nand long-term planning. This helps to\nsustainably manage forest resources\naround displacement settlements,\nenhance energy access for cooking\nand build livelihoods and climate\nresilience. [1]\n\n\n## **Key findings**\n\n - Comprehensive and adaptive nature-based solutions integrating\nsustainable forest management are crucial to adopt early in\ndisplacement. **This helps minimize environmental impact**\n**and balance woodfuel demand with supply, ensuring**\n**sustainable access to cooking energy.**\n\n - Fuelwood and charcoal are the primary cooking fuels in many\ndisplacement areas, leading to high demand of woodfuel\ncontributing to the degradation of surrounding forests and other\nwoodlands. There is a critical need for alternative energy solutions,\nsuch as briquettes, solar-electric and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG),\nto reduce reliance on woodfuel. However, financial constraints make\nthese options less accessible for many displaced people. **Enhancing**\n**existing cooking systems to improve fuel efficiency and reduce**\n**health risks is often a more viable solution.**\n\n - The most vulnerable groups \u2013 including women, children,\nthe elderly, and people with specific needs \u2013 are exposed to\nheightened risks of violence, exploitation and neglect. Integrating\ngender-inclusive practices into forest product value chains not\nonly enhances opportunities for self-reliance but also improves the\nsuccess of forest management initiatives. **Pursuing protection**\n**and Accountability to Affected People (AAP) principles**\nare essential to ensure that the rights of vulnerable people\nare prioritized, while promoting the active role of affected\ncommunities in decision-making for environmental sustainability.\n\n - **Country-specific policies for forcibly displaced and stateless**\n**people and their hosting communities significantly impact**\n**the durability of environmental and energy interventions.**\nFor example, Uganda\u2019s self-reliance model allows for greater\ninclusion of refugees. Djibouti\u2019s recent policy improvements should\nenable more sustainable natural resource management and energy\ninterventions in this context.\n\n - There is a strong **need to generate data and evidence on the**\n**linkages between sustainable natural resources, energy**\n**access, livelihoods and climate resilience**, particularly in the\ncontext of displacement which often exacerbates pressures on\nalready fragile ecosystems.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Background**\n\nConflict, violence and persecution, climate-related shocks and stresses as well as economic turbulence are\nincreasingly driving humanitarian crises and displacement. As of June 2024, more than 122.6 million people\nhad been forcibly displaced by conflict and persecution worldwide, including more than 37 million refugees. [2]\nTens of millions of refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and stateless individuals\ncome from, and now live in highly climate-vulnerable situations. Data from 2022 indicate that 84 percent\nof refugees and asylum seekers come from highly climate-vulnerable countries. [3] A large proportion is living\nwith little prospects of durable solutions, in protracted displacement settings [1] where governance systems are\nweak, including those for the equitable access and management of natural resources. Furthermore, refugees\u2019\ncapacity to prevent, anticipate, withstand and recover from extreme and slow-onset events as well as to\nadapt to these in the longer term, is often very low.\n\n\nIt is estimated that 80 percent of forcibly displaced people worldwide rely on forest products as a source of\nenergy for cooking, wild food and fodder, material for shelter and cash income. [4] In turn, forests and trees\noutside of forests are crucial for supporting food security, energy access and livelihoods of displaced and host\npopulations. In addition, forests offer vital ecosystem services, such as freshwater supply, soil stability and\nfertility, agrobiodiversity, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration, all of which contribute to the\nresilience and self-reliance of these communities.\n\n\nThe current scale and duration of forced displacement, marked by sudden and large influxes of populations,\noften exacerbates pressures on already fragile ecosystems and their communities. When large numbers\nof displaced people arrive in an area, meeting their life-saving needs may lead to significant pressure on\nlocal resources unless mitigation measures are adopted. These mitigation measures rely on a high capacity\nto address impacts of hazards and environmental degradation on areas hosting displaced populations,\nrecognizing that protecting the environment and strengthening resilience to climate shocks and stresses is\nessential for ensuring human safety, well-being and self-reliance.\n\n\nMitigation capacity can be enhanced by long-term reforestation, forest rehabilitation, adoption of\nagroecological practices and responsible ecosystem management, soil restoration, conservation and\nrestoration of water resources, air quality and biodiversity preservation in displacement-affected regions. [5] The\nlatter can also provide easier access to more abundant natural resources, thereby improving nutrition, health\nand economic outcomes, while also enhancing safety and protection particularly for women and girls.\n\n\n**A UNHCR-supported project is now training refugees to grow bamboo for stabilising hillsides in landslide-prone areas of camps in Bangladesh.**\n\n\n1A protracted refugee situation is one in which 25 000 or more refugees have been in exile for five years or more in a given\nasylum country (UNHCR master glossary of terms. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/glossary. Accessed 29 November 2024).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Scope and objectives**\n\nThis brief provides an overview of the complex interplay between access to natural resources, environmental\ndegradation and vulnerability to climate, all within the context of building resilience and protecting forcibly\ndisplaced people and host communities.\n\n\nMoreover, it highlights challenges and opportunities for the effective inclusion of forcibly displaced people\nand their hosting communities into sustainable forest management systems. Specifically, the brief offers\ninsight into integrated policies on forests, energy, livelihoods and climate for more effective responses in the\n[immediate and longer-term, consistent with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the Humanitarian,](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-compact-refugees-booklet)\nDevelopment, and Peace nexus approach.\n\n\nThe brief supports the overarching goals of responsible ecosystem management, food security, poverty\nreduction, gender equality, social cohesion and reduction of vulnerability and conflict. Key target audiences\ninclude decision-makers, civil society, donors and humanitarian, development and peace actors.\n\n#### **Challenges and opportunities**\n\n\nOver the past years, the FAO and UNHCR partnership has been capitalizing on each agency\u2019s strength to\nsupport self-reliance, resilient livelihoods, and overall, enable the achievement of durable solutions for\nrefugees, IDPs, stateless and host communities through sustainable and technically sound assistance.\n\n\nThe GCR adopted by the UN General Assembly on 17 December 2018 represents a collective commitment to\ntransform the way the world responds to forcibly displaced situations, ensuring that host communities receive\nthe necessary support and that protection and assistance provided to refugees can foremost ensure their right\nto life, safety dignity and productive lives. The GCR provides a framework for more predictable and equitable\nresponsibility sharing, acknowledging that sustainable solutions to refugee situations require international\ncooperation. [6] A whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach, including risk-informed evidencebased governance systems and capacities, is essential for the development and success of inclusive sustainable\nforest management practices.\n\n\nHowever, intersectoral collaboration in addressing the complex relationship between forests, energy, and\nlivelihoods in displacement settings is still insufficient to cope with existing and future challenges. There is\nalso a need to improve monitoring of the results achieved across these sectors.\n\n\n**Challenges:**\n\n - **Limited inclusion of forcibly displaced communities in international climate agreements** :\nInternational climate agreements often lack specific provisions for the inclusion of displaced\ncommunities in sustainable forest management initiatives. [7]\n\n - **Underdeveloped support mechanisms** : Despite the fact that the Paris Agreement acknowledges\nthe need for increased support to prevent deforestation, reduce forest degradation, and promote\nsustainable forest management, innovative financial mechanisms are needed to address social and\nenvironmental challenges in displacement situations.\n\n\n**Opportunities:**\n\n - **Leveraging forest-based solutions:** Recent international agreements, including the KunmingMontreal Global Biodiversity Framework, [8] the Paris Agreement [ 9] and the 28th Conference of the Parties\n(COP28) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)\noutcomes, [10,11] highlight the critical role of ecosystem conservation and restoration, including forests, in\nachieving climate goals and supporting livelihoods. To achieve ecosystem conservation and restoration\nin displacement situations, governments, humanitarian and development actors should strengthen their\ncollaboration to address immediate and long-term needs, build resilience for forcibly displaced and host\ncommunities, and pave the way for durable solutions, all while aligning with international priorities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - **Capitalizing on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR):** The framework\naddresses the role of forcibly displaced communities in building resilience through engagement from all\nof society in a multi-sectoral approach, including sustainable natural resources management. [12]\n\n - **Building climate resilience:** Ensuring that sustainable forest landscape management is part of DRR\ninterventions that countries implement, which can strengthen the climate resilience of displaced and\nhost communities and reduce their vulnerability to future shocks and stresses.\n\n - **Promoting inclusive and equitable approaches:** By explicitly including and engaging displaced\ncommunities in sustainable forest management initiatives, policies can foster more equitable and just\noutcomes, aligning with the principles of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.\n\n#### **Key messages** **1. Building livelihood and climate resilience for forcibly displaced and host** **communities by encouraging innovation and scaling up good practices for** **sustainable forest management and ecosystem restoration.**\n\n - Develop a participatory and strategic planning of forest resources in each displacement setting\nthat relies on forest resources. This should be standard practice to prevent or minimize the\nenvironmental and social risks, while promoting sustainable use of natural resources, conservation\nand equitable benefit sharing in the displacement-hosting areas.\n\n - Promote market-based and innovative financing options to strengthen and scale up investment\nin reforestation, restoration and conservation efforts in displacement setting. Link them to carbon\nmarkets which will provide financial incentives for both public and private stakeholders.\n\n - Champion innovative solutions, bioeconomy approaches and sustainable agroecological practices,\nsuch as crop rotation, intercropping, agroforestry, urban forestry, insect farming and synecoculture,\ncombining traditional and local knowledge with technological innovations.\n\n - Support data-driven decision-making and improve knowledge base and data sharing on\nenvironmental impact, energy needs and conflict sensitivity consideration.\n\n - Establish a multi-agency monitoring system to track forest degradation and deforestation, but also\nafforestation, restoration and conservation measures in and around displacement settings. This\nsystem should support collection, analysis and dissemination of data and information, and closely\nmonitor the progress, quality and success of relevant programmes.\n\n - Improve the technical capacity of local authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and\nother relevant stakeholders and deploy technical expertise and rangers to monitor forest use and\nencourage management plan through non-confrontational approaches. Implement this while\nengaging displaced and host communities to develop community-based forest management and\nmonitoring.\n\n - Design strategies for improved access to safe jobs and equal access to productive resources\nin support of women\u2019s economic empowerment to tackle the economic consequences of\ndisplacement and diminish the risk of negative coping strategies.\n\n - Facilitate safe and equitable access to land and other natural resources, skills development\nopportunities, viable markets and financial services for the development of sustainable agriculture\nand livelihoods.\n\n - Secure tenure rights to avoid conflict over land use and reduce potential conflict over the use of\nnatural resources.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **2. Enhancing safe energy access through clean and efficient technologies to** **improve food security, reduce health risks from household air pollution and** **minimize environmental impacts.**\n\n - Whenever possible, avoid establishing dependency on locally harvested biomass. Promoting\nalternative and renewable energy sources decreases the time burden of women and girls, improving\nthe food safety of their household and minimizing their exposure to gender-based violence.\n\n - Integrate emergency energy needs into contingency plans, humanitarian needs assessments, market\nanalysis and humanitarian interventions. [13]\n\n - Share data platforms accessible to multiple actors to capture accurate information on selected clean\nenergy indicators, allowing to establish a baseline and benchmarks and to measure progress. [13]\n\n - Facilitate access by displaced people to a selection of affordable, sustainable, safe energy sources\nand stoves for cooking, considering expected demand and preferences, local infrastructure, supply\nchain, regulations, resource availability and technical feasibility. [13]\n\n - Promote market-based and innovative financing models to support access to clean and efficient\ntechnologies at the household level.\n\n - Launch education campaigns promoting energy efficient practices and innovative technologies.\n\n - Promote cooking devices that save fuel, such as pressure cookers (in the case of LPG), and heat\nretention baskets to boost fuel savings and maintain heat for longer periods.\n\n - Ensure spare parts are locally available and include operation and maintenance activities of\ncookstoves (and their accessories) in programmes to ensure longer device lifespan. Train local\ntechnicians to manage the repair of stoves.\n\n\n**Tree distribution campaign supported by FAO at the Holl Holl refugee camp, Djibouti.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **3. Integrating into humanitarian responses effective social and behavioural** **change strategies and gender transformative approaches. Promoting** **equitable access and sustainable management of natural resources in areas** **hosting displaced populations, with attention to social and cultural norms** **and power dynamics.**\n\n - Identify social, cultural and gender norms of affected communities around natural resource use\nthrough formative research. [14] This research should pinpoint key behaviours, understand contextual\ndrivers and recognize protection and conflict risks, along with barriers and change enablers within\nthe community.\n\n - Develop awareness-raising and educational activities on the sustainable use of natural resources\nfor displaced and host communities. [15] Such activities should help understand the implications of\ncooking habits and fuel use, encourage environmentally sustainable behaviors and drive long-term\nbehavioural shifts.\n\n - Prioritize two-way communication, participatory decision-making, and capacity building to foster\nequitable access to and sustainable use of natural resources and empower displaced and host\ncommunities.\n\n - Develop behavioural-change approaches which are culturally- and gender-transformative,\nacknowledging the often-traumatic experience that leads to displacement.\n\n - Promote behaviours that encourage dialogue and collaboration between displaced and host\ncommunities to strengthen local economies, foster self-reliance, and promote peaceful coexistence.\n\n - Introduce fuel-saving practices that respect user habits, ensuring new cooking technologies match\nthe cooking items of the host community to avoid upgrading refugees\u2019 conditions beyond those of\nthe host community.\n\n#### **4. Advocating for national responses that implement integrated and** **inclusive policies and optimize synergies between the forest, energy,** **water, livelihoods, and other sectors, in alignment with relevant national** **and international policies and frameworks.**\n\n - Promote a unified and comprehensive approach to forest management, water and energy solutions,\nand livelihood support in displacement settings, emphasizing equitable and sustainable solutions.\n\n - Foster partnerships between humanitarian and development actors to enhance multilateral\ncooperation and integrated policies in forestry and energy sectors for displaced and host\ncommunities.\n\n - Strengthen regional coordination for effective policies related to transhumance and pastoral\ndevelopment, land use and governance, disease control and cross-border measures.\n\n - Promote the inclusion of agriculture and forestry as a priority sector impacted by disasters, including\nclimate related ones, in national DRR and climate change policies, strategies and plans.\n\n - Advocate for acknowledging the negative impacts of climate change on displaced communities\nand associated non-economic losses and damages (such as potential loss of territory and cultural\nheritage), taking into account how these negative impacts interact with pre-existing gender\ninequalities.\n\n - Promote the integration of displaced populations and their specific needs into National Adaptation\nPlans (NAPs), nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and DRR policies, strategies and plans and\nthat they are supported by institutional DRR systems at various levels.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **5. Mainstreaming a climate resilient, people- and protection-centred approach** **that is accountable to all persons of diverse age, gender and other** **characteristics.**\n\n - Increase the engagement of stakeholders in decision-making for sustainable management of forests\nand other natural resources, including displaced and local communities, with particular attention to\nmarginalized groups. This is key for the benefits to be sustained beyond a project\u2019s duration.\n\n - Foster interventions that build on inclusive methods engaging target communities in the planning,\nimplementation, and monitoring stages. This participatory approach not only ensures that\ninformation collected or disseminated is relevant and culturally acceptable, but also allows for\ncommunities to take ownership of their initiatives.\n\n - View accountability to affected people in displacement settings not as a stand-alone activity, but\nrather as an integrated approach that can improve programme quality and effectiveness while\npreserving, protecting and enhancing the rights of people in situations of vulnerability. [16]\n\n - Adopt a gender-responsive approach to tackle the particular vulnerabilities of displaced women and\nother vulnerable groups according to a multisectoral analysis.\n\n - Place the needs and priorities of affected people at the centre of decision-making, while taking\ncare of doing no harm. When providing humanitarian assistance, address the threat of increased\ndisplacement numbers and their complex economic status without harming either the environment\nor local livelihoods. [17]\n\n - Ground approaches in robust analysis and management of drivers and triggers of socio-political\ntensions and violence, including risk of conflict over natural resources.\n\n - Implement a robust grievance redress mechanism and feedback system that allows forcibly\ndisplaced and stateless people to provide input through diverse and accessible channels. This\nsystem should ensure timely and confidential responses, allocate adequate resources for feedback\nmanagement, and foster collaboration with partners, thereby maintaining accountability and\nimproving programme effectiveness for vulnerable populations. [18]\n\n\n**Women at the Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/58bd655f-daaf-4fa6-87d8-dd4f88ba882e/cd3576en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_782/raw/doc_782_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_782/raw/doc_782_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 90a67cab5f3aa18317adcb26121177a4cd1aff92..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_782/raw/doc_782_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,584 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Civilian Impact** **Monitoring Report**\n\n## **June 2018**\n\nMountain Town, Yemen by Rod Waddington\n\n\n**A six-month report on civilian impact from armed violence in**\n**Al-Hudaydah, Sa\u2019ada, Sana\u2019a, Capital and Marib.**\n\n\n**December - May, 2018.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Table of content**\n\n**Executive Summary 3**\n\n\n**Introduction 7**\n**Methodology 7**\n\n\n**Section 1: Overall Data trends 8**\n1.1. Conflict developments 8\n1.2. Civilian impact 10\n1.3. Direct protection implication 12\n1.4. Indirect protection implication 13\n1.5. Geographical spread of incidents 14\n1.6. Type of armed violence 16\n1.7. Type of impact per governorate 17\n1.8. Civilian casualties 18\n1.9. Casualties per type of armed violence 20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive summary**\n\n##### **Key Trends**\n\n**Armed violence is generating high civilian impact, including casualties**\nDuring the six-month period, a total of 844 incidents of armed violence with civilian impact were recorded in the five target\ngovernorates. These generated 1,828 civilian casualties, 26% of which were women and children. Furthermore, 85% of the\nincidents involved psychosocial trauma implications for the people affected.\n\n**The number of injured civilians increased despite an overall fall in incidents**\nThe impact over time has not been static, but has been gradually decreasing from each two-month period to the next. However,\nthe decline in fatalities was almost three times the decrease in incidents, meaning that the deadliness of incidents was at the\nhighest during December and January. The number of injured civilians did not see a corresponding drop. To the contrary, the\nnumber of injured civilians was higher in the April-May period than any of the other periods, despite the overall decline in\nincidents.\n\n**Women and children were frequently killed or injured in armed violence**\nDuring the period, the child and female casualties increased gradually, making up larger percentages of the civilians killed and\ninjured during February-May than during the December-January period. Women and children are also making up the\noverwhelming majority of vulnerable groups impacted, by armed violence with 504 incidents impacting women and children,\n60 incidents impacting only children, and 37 incidents impacting women alone. In addition, 6 incidents impacted on existing\nIDPs, including women and children. In total, 72% of the recorded incidents impacted on vulnerable groups.\n\n**2,308 civilian structures were damaged during the six months; civilian houses made up more than half**\nA total of 2,308 civilian structures were damaged during the reporting period, almost triple the number of incidents, illustrating\nthe far-reaching damage caused to civilian structures by armed violence. Houses were the most frequently impacted structures,\nwith 856 houses damaged by armed violence during the period. In addition, 551 households comprising both houses and\nfarms/livestock were also damaged (in some rural areas farms and houses are co-located), bringing the total number of houses\ndamaged up to 1,407.\n\n**Infrastructure, vehicles, water facilities, education centres and healthcare facilities continue to be impacted**\nCivilian infrastructure was also frequently impacted (98 structures), including main roads, bridges, telecommunication\ninfrastructure, governmental compounds, ports, and airports. Civilian vehicles were also often impacted by armed violence\nduring movements (62 vehicles). Other structures used by civilians were also damaged, including food and water infrastructure\n(18), education centres(18), healthcare facilities (9), aid (5), protected sites (15), and prisons (1). Finally, 61 local businesses were\ndamaged by armed violence and 17 markets, each involving multiple local businesses.\n\n##### **Protection Implications**\n\n\n**Civilians are losing livelihood, being displaced and experiencing restricted freedom of movement as a result of**\n**armed violence**\nThe impact from armed violence on civilian\u2019s lives, causing injuries and fatalities, as well as the impact on civilian structures,\ngenerated direct and indirect protection implications for the local populations in the five target governorates. Loss of livelihood\nwas the overwhelmingly most common direct protection implication, impacting on 1,767 households, directly correlating to the\nhigh number of farms, markets and local businesses impacted by armed violence. Displacement was also high, with 1,422\nhouseholds displaced as a result of armed violence damaging or destroying their homes. In addition, 322 households had\nrestricted freedom of movement and assembly, and a further 270 households experienced obstruction of flight as they were\ntargeted by armed violence during attempts to flee.\n\n\n##### **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive summary**\n\n**More than one million households experienced restricted access to infrastructure as armed violence impacted**\n**critical infrastructure in all governorates**\nArmed violence generated significant indirect protection implications. Infrastructure was the greatest implication recorded, with\n1,306,937 households experiencing restricted access to infrastructure. This number includes the entire governorate populations\nof Al-Hudaydah, Sa\u2019ada and the Capital, in addition to some districts in Marib and Sana\u2019a, as critical infrastructure serving civilians\nin the three governorates was repeatedly damaged by armed violence. This, among others, included 40 main roads (27 of which\nwere in Sa\u2019ada and 10 in Al-Hudaydah), 4 bridges (3 of which were in Sa\u2019ada), 7 telecommunication sites, 2 ports (both in AlHudaydah), 2 airports, 11 fuel stations (7 of which were in Sa\u2019ada) and 13 governmental compounds (5 of which were in Sana\u2019a\nCapital). In addition, fuel trucks, court buildings, stadiums and power stations were also impacted.\n\n**More than half a million households experienced restricted access to basic services, including health and education**\nRestricted access to basic services impacted 581,218 households as a result of armed violence damaging health facilities,\neducation facilities and protected sites. For health facilities, this included 4 main hospitals (Hays Hospital and 22 May Hospital in\nAl-Hudaydah, Al-Jomhouri Hospital in Sa\u2019ada, and Al-Sabaen Maternity Hospital in Sana\u2019a Capital), 4 health clinics (all in Sa\u2019ada),\n3 first responders (ambulances/fire trucks). For education facilities, this included 11 schools (8 of which were in Sa\u2019ada), 5\nvocational institutes, and 1 university. For protected sites, 11 mosques (8 in Sa\u2019ada), 2 cemeteries, and 1 historical site were\ndamaged.\n\n**More than 50,000 households experienced restricted access to food and water as water infrastructure and aid was**\n**targeted by armed violence in Sa\u2019ada and Al-Hudaydah**\nRestricted access to basic needs (food/water) impacted 50,062 households; all in Al-Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada governorates. This\nincluded 5 food/aid facilities, including food storage facilitates, an aid distribution point and an WFP wheat truck. Water\ninfrastructure was also significantly impacted, with a water desalination plant (Al-Hudaydah), 1 water well, 2 water pumps, 5\nwater drills (Sa\u2019ada), 3 water supply projects (Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada), and 2 water trucks (Sa\u2019ada) damaged by armed violence.\n\n##### **Geographical Distribution**\n\n\n\n**Sa\u2019ada saw the overwhelmingly majority of civilian impact, more incidents than all other governorates combined**\nThe 844 civilian impact incidents were far from evenly distributed between the five target governorates. On the contrary, there\nwas a significant difference in the number of incidents, with Sa\u2019ada seeing the majority of incidents (53%), more than double the\nsecond highest, Al-Hudaydah (22%). The fewest incidents were reported in the Sana\u2019a hub, with Marib, Sana\u2019a Capital and Sana\u2019a\ngovernorate seeing about 8% of incidents each.\n\n**Dynamic frontlines generated significantly higher civilian impact than static frontlines**\nThe civilian impact recorded as a dynamic frontline emerged in Al-Hudaydah was significantly higher (192 incidents) than from\nthe static frontlines in Nihm in Sana\u2019a governorate (65 incidents) or Sirwah in Marib (66 incidents). Civilians in Al-Hudaydah were\nimpacted on both sides of the frontlines by airstrikes, shelling, IEDs and landmines.\n\n**Airstrikes in urban settings generated significantly higher civilian casualty numbers**\nDespite only seeing 8% of the total incidents, Sana\u2019a capital witnessed 20% of casualties, 91% of which were caused by airstrikes.\nAirstrikes with a recorded civilian impact in the capital on average generated 7.5 civilian casualties. In comparison, airstrikes with\nrecorded civilian impact in other governorates generated a much lower average casualty number: in Al-Hudaydah an average of\n3 civilian casualties per airstrike, in Sa\u2019ada an average of 2 civilian casualties per airstrike, and in Marib an average of 0.5 civilian\ncasualties per airstrike.\n\n**Civilian impact and associated protection needs are largely concentrated in specific districts**\nWithin each governorate a trend of incidents being concentrated in certain districts emerged. In Sa\u2019ada, most incidents were\nrecorded in districts bordering Saudi Arabia, with 72% of incidents in the governorate occurring in border districts. In AlHudaydah, the impact was significantly higher in southern districts than the rest of the governorate, with 72% of incidents\noccurring in the south, where a military offensive was taking place. In Marib, 86% of civilian impact incidents occurred in Sirwah\ndistrict, where the current frontline is located. And, in Sana\u2019a governorate, 55% of the civilian impact was recorded in Nihm\ndistrict, also an active frontline.\n\n\n##### **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded civilian impact", - "confidence": 0.6900231242179871, - "start": 752, - "end": 755 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Al-Hudaydah", - "confidence": 0.5699593424797058, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Civilians", - "confidence": 0.574513852596283, - "start": 686, - "end": 687 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive summary**\n\n**Targeting of civilian vehicles emerged as a trend in Al-Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada**\nAl-Hudaydah and Sa'ada together saw 89% of the incidents impacting on vehicles, ranging from individual vehicles being\nimpacted by armed violence to mass-casualty incidents in which several vehicles and/or buses were impacted along main roads.\nThe vast majority of these incidents were caused by airstrikes (91%), though in Al-Hudaydah there were also incidents where\nvehicles were impacted by landmines (3) and an IED (1). In addition to vehicles, civilians were also impacted by armed violence\non related transport infrastructure, including 40 main roads (27 of which were in Sa\u2019ada and 10 in Al-Hudaydah), 4 bridges (3 of\nwhich were in Sa\u2019ada), and 11 fuel stations (7 of which were in Sa\u2019ada).\n\n**The amount of destruction of civilian houses, infrastructure, education, markets and food and water facilities in**\n**Sa\u2019ada is massive**\nSa\u2019ada saw the broadest type of impact, of the five target governorates. In addition to the highest number of incidents impacting\ncivilian houses and farms, vehicles and infrastructure, Sa\u2019ada also saw the majority of incidents impacting food and water\ninfrastructure (14 out of 18). The majority of recorded UXO incidents were also in Sa\u2019ada (12 out of 16), as well as 68 incidents of\nexposure to armed violence. Sa\u2019ada also saw the highest impact on education (11 out of 17 incidents), and a high impact on\nmarkets (7), health (4), local businesses (8), and protected sites (10), in addition to first responders, aid, and IDP settlements.\n\n**Armed violence impacting on farms and local businesses in Al-Hudaydah continues to generate loss of livelihood for**\n**local communities**\nAl-Hudaydah saw the majority of incidents impacting on farms (56 incidents), as these were frequently targeted by airstrikes.\nFurther impacting on the economic infrastructure in Al-Hudaydah were incidents impacting on markets (6) and local businesses\n(12), including factories and fishing boats. 480 households in Al-Hudaydah lost livelihood as a direct result of armed violence\ndamaging and destroying critical sources of income in agricultural and fishing communities.\n\n##### **Type of armed violence and casualties**\n\n\n**Airstrikes continues to be the main source of civilian impact in all five governorates**\nCivilian impact incidents were caused by eight different types of armed violence: airstrikes, shelling, IEDs, small arms fire (SAF),\narmed clashes, deployment, unexploded ordinance (UXO), and landmines. The vast majority of incidents were the result of\nairstrikes, which caused 565 incidents with civilian impact (67%). At the same time, airstrikes have a wider impact than other\ntypes of armed violence, generating larger destruction and more civilian casualties than any other type . Airstrikes made up the\nmajority of incidents in all five governorates, but especially in Sana\u2019a governorate (98%) and Al-Hudaydah (75%). In Sana\u2019a capital,\nMarib and Sa\u2019ada airstrikes also accounted for more than 50% of incidents.\n\n**Shelling was particularly high in Marib and Sa\u2019ada**\nThe other type of armed violence frequently reported was shelling, 205 incidents (24%). Apart from Sana\u2019a governorate shelling\nwas recorded in all governorates, but was significantly higher in Marib (31% of incidents in the governorate) and Sa\u2019ada (34%), the\nlatter consisting of cross border shelling generating civilian impact in border districts.\n\n**UXO incidents mainly occur in Sa\u2019ada, while Al-Hudaydah saw almost all landmine incidents**\nAll other types of armed violence constituted below 3 percentages; Small Arms Fire (3%), UXO (2%), Armed clashes (2%),\nLandmines (1%), IED (1%) and Deployment (0,5%). These were spread on the different governorates, with Sa\u2019ada seeing most of\nthe UXO incidents (12 out of 16), as well as the small arms fire incidents (17 out of 25). Al-Hudaydah saw most of the incidents of\narmed clashes (9 out of 14), IEDs (5 out of 7) and landmines (7 out of 8).\n\n##### **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "recorded UXO incidents", - "confidence": 0.696540117263794, - "start": 260, - "end": 263 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sa\u2019ada", - "confidence": 0.9620530605316162, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UXO incidents", - "confidence": 0.6364637017250061, - "start": 797, - "end": 799 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive summary**\n\n**Airstrikes accounted for 80% of the civilian casualties recorded during the period**\nAirstrikes were the source of the majority of civilian casualties recorded in the reporting period (80%) and resulted in 1,474\ncivilian casualties (793 fatalities and 677 injured). This was followed by shelling, which caused 11% of the casualties. The\ndeadliness of airstrikes was largely due to the scale of damage done by airstrikes compared to other types of armed violence, and\nthe frequent targeting of sites where many civilians were gathered, whether homes, vehicles or public places, such as markets,\nrestaurants and civilian infrastructure sites. Airstrikes also caused the most child and female casualties: 77% of the total child and\nfemale casualties, including 86% of the child and women fatalities, were the result of airstrikes.\n\n**Airstrikes were deadlier than shelling, but IEDs were the deadliest form of armed violence**\nWhen looking at how many civilian casualties the different types of armed violence generated on average, airstrikes were\ndeadlier than shelling, generating an average of 2.6 casualties per incident compared to an average of 0.9 casualties for shelling.\nHowever, IEDs and landmines on average generated significantly higher civilian casualties, with 6.4 casualties per IED incident\nand 4.4 casualties per landmine incident.\n\n**Civilians are being killed and injured inside their homes, when moving by vehicle or feet, and at infrastructure sites**\nAs the most common location for civilian impact incidents in the reporting period, houses were also the site of the most civilian\ncasualties (27%), illustrating that civilians are not protected from armed violence within their own homes. A significant proportion\nof the civilian casualties also occurred at infrastructure sites (16%), including main roads and governmental compounds, and in\nvehicles when these were impacted by armed violence (11%). A significant number of civilians were also injured and killed when\nexposed to armed violence while moving by feet in rural and urban settings (9%), as well as in markets (7%) and farms (7%).\n\n##### **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **The Civilian Impact Monitoring Project**\n##### **Introduction**\n\nThe Civilian Impact Monitoring Project (CIMP) is a monitoring mechanism for real-time collection, analysis and dissemination of\ndata on the civilian impact from armed violence in Yemen, with the purpose of informing and complementing protection\nprogramming.\n\nCIMP is a service under the Protection Cluster Yemen and is currently implemented as a pilot project targeting 5 governorates; AlHudaydah, Sa\u2019ada, Sana\u2019a Governorate, Sana\u2019a Capital and Marib.\n\nCIMP collect, analyse and disseminate data in real-time to allow for early warning and early protection response directed at\ncommunities affected by armed violence, including new and emerging local conflicts. This is done through weekly flash reports on\nimpact from armed violence in the monitored governorates, including protection forecast and information on victim assistance\nneeds.\n\nThe six month report aims to strengthen the understanding of how armed violence across Yemen impacts on communities over\ntime, including by understanding trends and patterns in the types of violence, its geographic spread and the subsequent impact on\ncivilians, in order to inform long-term protection planning and response, strengthen prevention and mitigation strategies and\ninform advocacy at both local, national and international level for increased protection of civilians caught in armed conflict.\n\n##### **Methodology**\n\n\nCIMP collects data via three layers of information; the first layer consist of systematic, open source data on all incidents of armed\nviolence. The data from the first layer is filtered by the CIMP team in order to evaluate incidents with possible civilian impact and\nthose incidents are then cross-referenced to the extent possible, before going through the second layer of information, which\nconsists of supplementary information and verification achieved through contact to protection cluster partners in the field. Finally,\nthe data is regularly triangulated with other humanitarian databases.\n\nThe data presented in this report consist of a combination of unverified open source data, cross referenced open source data, eye\nwitness accounts and incidents verified by protection cluster partners, and thus the data as a whole should not be treated as\nindependently verified. CIMP works continuously on updating and verifying data, and can be contacted anytime with further\ninformation on incidents as well as enquiries on data and level of verification of specific incidents.\n\nCIMP monitors civilian impact that occurs after an incident of armed violence have taken place, thus CIMP numbers on\ndisplacement, loss of livelihood and restriction of movements/obstruction to flight only covers households that have experienced\na direct impact from armed violence, e.g. a house destroyed or a vehicle hit. Therefore, CIMP data does not include full numbers of\npeople being displaced, loosing livelihood or experiencing restricted freedom of movement/obstruction to flight, where numbers\nare naturally much higher than what is captured by CIMP.\n\nCivilian impact incidents recorded by CIMP are divided into direct and indirect impact, with associated direct and indirect\nprotection implications. Direct impact includes incidents in which individuals or households are directly affected by the incident,\ne.g. damage to houses and farms, damage to markets and local businesses, impact on vehicles or as well as exposure to UXOs and\narmed conflict generating casualties. Indirect impact can broadly be defined as incidents of armed violence impacting on\ninfrastructure and basic services and in turn restricting access of civilians to various vital services, infrastructure and goods, e.g.\nhealthcare, education, food and water and infrastructure. Due to the nature of the indirect impact, the number of households\nimpacted is often much higher than during direct impact.\n\n\n##### **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "weekly flash reports on\nimpact from armed violence", - "confidence": 0.7686870098114014, - "start": 138, - "end": 146 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CIMP", - "confidence": 0.7875758409500122, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.6411752700805664, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities affected by armed violence", - "confidence": 0.7706835269927979, - "start": 121, - "end": 126 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection forecast", - "confidence": 0.8678218126296997, - "start": 152, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8927800059318542, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.9750849604606628, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "six month report", - "confidence": 0.8708033561706543, - "start": 162, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.662895679473877, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yemen", - "confidence": 0.5978869795799255, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "unverified open source data", - "confidence": 0.5307163596153259, - "start": 358, - "end": 362 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CIMP", - "confidence": 0.5407856106758118, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7963753938674927, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CIMP data", - "confidence": 0.9892784953117371, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CIMP", - "confidence": 0.7612217664718628, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.697791576385498, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Section 1: Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.1. Conflict developments December-May**\n\nDecember and January marked a quantitative shift in the almost three years of the current conflict in Yemen, which entered a more\ndynamic phase as events led to a partial breaking of the deadlock that had characterised most of the previous year. Over the prior\n12 months, despite some minor shifts, the war had largely settled into an attritional stalemate along the well-established\nfrontlines, with no end in sight to the fighting.\n\nHowever, as the conflict has dragged on it has increasingly fractured into a series of localised conflicts as alliances have frayed and\nthe various warring factions pursue increasingly divergent objectives. These issues came to the fore over the past two months.\nCritical alliances on both sides of the conflict fell apart from late-November, sparking bloody clashes for control of the country\u2019s\ntwo capitals, Sana\u2019a and Aden, as long-simmering tensions boiled over.\n\nAlthough the internecine infighting was short-lived, the developments and their ongoing fallout led to renewed fighting on\nvarious fronts, most notably on the western Red Sea coastline, where a military offensive was launched in southern Al-Hudaydah,\nmarking the first time that fighting had broken out in the governorate.\n\nAs recorded by CIMP, the escalated hostilities have had a high civilian impact over the past six months, from the intensive street\nfighting in Sana\u2019a to the military offensive in Al-Hudaydah and an increased air campaign. These new conflict dynamics played out\nin different ways in the five target governorates over the reporting period.\n\nIn the capital, Sana\u2019a city, the first half of December saw the eruption of violent clashes between local allies as the sides fought\npitched battles in the capital\u2019s streets. Most of the city was affected as frontlines bisected streets and the sides fought bloodily\nfrom street to street.\n\nTanks and other AFVs were deployed in the middle of residential neighbourhoods in the city, leaving as many as 234 people dead\nand almost 500 more injured in the five days of fighting. The following days saw a period of heavy bombing, which struck military\ntargets, many of which are located within residential neighbourhoods, as well as the houses of political figures, state buildings and\ninfrastructure.\n\nThe developments in the capital had a spill-over effect on the wider Sana\u2019a governorate, where hostilities renewed in the\ncontested district of Nihm in December as factions attempted to seize on the internal divisions to progress territorially. As with the\ncapital, the governorate also saw some of the heaviest bombing reported in months, on both military and civilian targets.\n\nThese intensive clashes, though, were short-lived, and hostilities in the capital and Sana\u2019a governorate subsequently slowed down\nfrom February. However, the governorates continued to see high-impact airstrikes, that resulted in dozens of civilian casualties.\nMost notably, the bombing of the Presidential Office in the capital in May that left more than 100 civilians dead or wounded.\n\nOf the five governorates, although an active frontline, Marib was the least dynamic in the reporting period, seeing the steady rate\nof hostilities in the west of the governorate that has shaped the situation in the governorate for most of the past two years. Almost\ndaily shelling and airstrikes were reported in Sirwah, with occasional armed clashes and rocket and missile launches.\n\n\nWomen\n32\n\n\n##### **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\nThe most significant military development, though, came in Al-Hudaydah, where military offensive was launched in earlyDecember, leading to heavy armed clashes in the south of the governorate, for the first time since the start of the conflict. This\ncreated a wave of displacement, pushing the civilian population out of towns and villages in southern districts.\n\nThe fighting on the ground was supported by airstrikes, which focused on targeting local infrastructure, in particular transport\nroutes leading to the frontlines to cut off supply lines and reinforcements. The offensive pushed into Hays and Al-Tuhayat, making\nrapid initial gains, before stalling along the main north-south roads in the two governorates.\n\nThis changed, though, in late-May, the frontlines in the governorate moved rapidly from the south of the governorate to the edge\nof Al-Hudaydah city this week. The offensive made rapid advances from 25 May along the west coast, advancing more than 100km\nin four days.\n\nArmed forces moved swiftly north along the coastal road, advancing through Al-Tuhayat and neighbouring Bayt Al-Faqih as they\nfaced surprisingly little resistance. By the start of June, fighting was only some 10km from Al-Hudaydah city, to the south of the\nairport. Both sides were mobilising reinforcements as, despite last-minute diplomatic efforts to mediate a political solution, an\nassault on the port city appeared imminent.\n\nThe offensive was concentrated on the coastal road, with in-land territory and the central main road still under control of the\nopposing group. As such, fighting was largely ongoing away from the main urban centres and removed from large civilian\npopulations, meaning the direct civilian impact has been fairly limited. However, with the stated intention to advance on AlHudaydah city and eastward towards more heavily populated areas and more densely cultivated land the civilian impact will likely\nincrease.\n\nAirstrikes continued to pepper Sa\u2019ada throughout the 6-month period. Despite not being an active front, the governorate\noverwhelming saw the most airstrikes in the country, resulting in a pattern of almost daily attacks on civilian structures in the\nnorthern governorate.\n\nAs has been the trend in Sa\u2019ada, districts along the Yemen-Saudi border were the most frequently targeted, including Kitaf, Baqim\nand Razih. In addition, the western and northern border areas also saw a steady rate of artillery fire, often hitting residential areas,\nand limited armed clashes as the armed groups conducted incursions to control high ground overlooking the main crossing points\nand connecting roads.\n\n\nWomen\n32\n\n##### **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.2. Civilian impact**\n\nDuring the six-month reporting period, a total of 844 incidents of armed violence with civilian impact were recorded in the five\ntarget governorates. These generated 1,828 civilian casualties, 26% of which were women and children. Of these, 908 were civilian\nfatalities, including 161 child fatalities and 109 women fatalities, and 920 civilians injured, including 132 child injuries and 73\nwomen injured. Furthermore, 720 incidents, (85%) were assessed to have psychosocial trauma implications for the people affected.\n\n\n\nThe impact over time has not been static, but has been gradually\ndecreasing from each two-month period to the next, with\nDecember-January seeing the highest number of incidents (320),\nfalling in February-March (274) and again in April-May (250).\nThere has been a corresponding fall in number of civilian\nfatalities, though most dramatically from December-January,\nwhich saw 505 fatalities, to February-March, which saw less than\nhalf the number of fatalities (219). The decrease in fatalities was\nalmost three times the decline in incidents, reflecting that the\ndeadliness of incidents was at the highest during December and\nJanuary. The number of injured civilians did not see a\ncorresponding drop. Instead, the number of injured was higher in\nthe April-May period (342) than any of the other periods, despite\nthe overall decline in incidents.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, the child and female casualties increased gradually, making up larger percentages of the civilians\nkilled and injured during February-May than during the December-January period. This is also in line with women and children\nmaking up the overwhelming majority of vulnerable groups impacted, with 504 incidents impacting women and children, 60\nincidents impacting only children, and 37 incidents impacting women alone. In addition, 6 incidents impacted on existing IDPs,\nincluding women and children. In total, 72% of the recorded incidents impacted on vulnerable groups.\n\n##### **Civilian impact comparison**\n\n|550|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|500|||||||||\n|450|||||||||\n|400|||||||||\n|350|||||||||\n|300|||||||||\n|250|||||||||\n|200|||||||||\n|150|||||||||\n|100|||||||||\n|50|||||||||\n|0|||||||||\n\n\n\nDec-Jan Feb-March Apr-May\n\n\n##### **10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\nA total of 2,308 civilian structures were damaged during the reporting period, almost triple the number of civilian impact incidents,\nillustrating the far-reaching damage caused to civilian structures by armed violence. Houses were the most frequently impacted\nstructure, with 856 houses damaged by armed violence during the six-month period. In addition, 551 households comprising both\nhouses and farms/livestock were also damaged (in some rural areas farms and houses are co-located), bringing the total number of\nhouses damaged up to 1,407. In addition to co-located houses and farms, 213 farms were also damaged. 2 IDP settlements and 4\ncivilian gatherings were also impacted by armed violence.\n\nIn addition to being impacted in their houses and farms, civilians were also frequently exposed to armed violence in public, with\n354 incidents in which civilians were injured or killed, often while moving by feet in rural areas, as well as in urban settings during\narmed clashes. This included exposure to airstrikes, shelling, small arms fire and landmines. In addition, 20 incidents of exposure to\nUXOs were also recorded.\n\nCivilian infrastructure was also frequently impacted (98), including main roads, bridges, telecommunication infrastructure,\ngovernmental compounds, ports and airports. Civilian vehicles were also often impacted by armed violence during movements (62\nvehicles). Other structures used by civilians were also damaged, including food and water infrastructure (18), education facilities\n(18), health facilities (9), aid (5), protected sites (15), and prisons (1). Finally, 61 local businesses were damaged by armed violence\nand 17 markets, each involving multiple local businesses.\n\n##### **Civilian Structures Damaged: 2308**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEducation 18 Health 9 Markets 17 Protected sites 15 Food and water 18\n\n\n\nExposure to UXO 20 First responders 4 Aid 5\n\n\nPrisons 1 Civilian gatherings 4\n\n\n\nIDP camps 2\n\n\n##### **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.3. Direct protection implication**\n\nThe impact from armed violence on civilian\u2019s lives, causing injuries and fatalities, as well as the impact on civilian structures,\ngenerated direct and indirect protection implications for the local populations in the five target governorates. Loss of livelihood\nwas the most common protection implication, impacting on 1,767 households, directly correlating to the high number of farms,\nmarkets and local businesses impacted by armed violence. Destruction of farms generated a loss of income for 213 households,\nwith the vast majority of incidents occurring in Al-Hudaydah, where industrial farming is common.\n\nDamage to houses and farms that are co-located generated a combined protection implication of displacement and loss of\nlivelihood for 550 households, with most incidents of this type occurring in Sa\u2019ada, followed by Marib and Sana\u2019a governorate,\nwhere households are often co-located with small-scale farming and livestock. Furthermore, the 17 markets impacted by armed\nviolence, generated a loss of income to 255 local business owners. In addition, armed violence impacted on a broad range of local\nbusinesses, ranging from several factories to fishing boats, workshops, resorts, shops, restaurants, banks, and office buildings.\n\nDisplacement was also high, with 1,422 households displaced during the reporting period. These numbers only reflect\ndisplacement as a direct result of armed violence damaging or destroying private homes. The high number of people displaced as a\ndirect result of their homes being damaged illustrates the frequency with which private homes were targeted in armed violence,\nranging from individual houses hit by airstrikes to residential areas impacted by shelling and airstrikes, with residents no longer\nprotected within their private homes.\n\nRestricted freedom of movement and assembly was recorded when civilians were killed or injured by armed violence either during\nmovements, in vehicles or by feet, and when civilian gatherings, including funerals, weddings and demonstrations, were directly hit\nby armed violence. Targeting of civilian vehicles emerged as a trend in Al-Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada, which together made up 89% of\nthe incidents, ranging from individual vehicles being impacted by armed violence to mass-casualty incidents in which several\nvehicles and/or buses were impacted. The vast majority of these incidents were caused by airstrikes (91%), though in Al-Hudaydah\nthere were also incidents where vehicles were impacted by landmines (3) and IED (1). Landmines and UXOs also generated\nrestricted freedom of movements in Al-Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada. Finally, civilians were frequently killed or injured during exposure to\nairstrikes, shelling and small arms fire, during movements in rural areas, particularly in Sa\u2019ada, and in urban settings with ongoing\nclashes.\n\nFinally, obstruction to flight was recorded when civilians were prevented from fleeing armed violence, e.g. when civilians trying to\nflee clashes in the capital in December were shot by snipers, when IDPs fleeing violence had their vehicles hit by airstrikes, shelling\nor IEDs, or when IDP settlements were targeted.\n\n\n### **Obstruction to** **flight**\n\n## **270**\n\n###### Number of affected households\n\n\n##### **DIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATION**\n\n### **Displacement**\n\n## **2,444**\n\n\n### **Loss of** **Livelihood**\n\n## **1,767**\n\n\n###### Number of affected households\n\n\n###### Number of affected households\n\n\n### **Restricted freedom** **Movement and** **Assembly**\n\n## **322**\n\n###### Number of affected households\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n### **264**\n\n\n### **144**\n\n\n### **12**\n\n\n### **375**\n\n\n##### **12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.4. Indirect protection implication**\n\nArmed violence also generated significant indirect protection implications. Infrastructure was the greatest implication recorded,\nwith 1,306,937 households experiencing restricted access to infrastructure. This number included the entire governorate\npopulation of Al-Hudaydah, Sa\u2019ada and the Capital, in addition to some districts in Marib and Sana\u2019a, as critical infrastructure\nserving civilians in these governorates was repeatedly damaged by armed violence. This among others include 40 main roads (27\nof which were in Sa\u2019ada, and 10 in Al-Hudaydah), 4 bridges (3 of which were in Sa\u2019ada), 7 telecommunication sites, 2 ports (all in\nAl-Hudaydah), 2 airports, 11 fuel stations (7 of which were in Sa\u2019ada) and 13 governmental compounds (5 of which were in Sana\u2019a\nCapital). In addition, fuel trucks, court buildings, stadiums and power stations were also impacted.\n\nThis was followed by restricted access to basic services impacting 581,218 households, as a result of armed violence damaging\nhealth facilities, education facilities and protected sites. For health this included 4 main hospitals (Hays Hospital and 22 May\nHospital in Al-Hudaydah, Al-Jomhouri Hospital in Sa\u2019ada and Al-Sabaen Maternity Hospital in Sana\u2019a Capital), 4 health clinics (all\nin Sa\u2019ada) and three first responders (ambulances/fire trucks). For education this included 11 schools (8 of which were in Sa\u2019ada), 5\nvocational institutes and 1 university. For protected sites 11 mosques (8 in Sa\u2019ada and 2 in Marib), 2 cemeteries and 1 historical\nsite were also damaged in armed violence.\n\nFinally, restricted access to basic needs (food/water) impacted 50,062 households, however this was only recorded in AlHudaydah and Sa\u2019ada governorates. This included 5 food/aid facilities, including food storage facilitates, a distribution point and\nan WFP wheat truck. Water infrastructure was also significantly impacted, with a water desalination plant (Hudaydah), 1 water\nwell, 2 water pumps, 5 water drills (Sa\u2019ada), 3 water supply projects (Hudaydah and Sa\u2019ada) and 2 water trucks (Sa\u2019ada) damaged\nby armed violence, causing restricted access to water and food/aid for 50,062 households in the two governorates.\n\n##### **INDIRECT PROTECTION IMPLICATION - households experiencing restricted access to:**\n\n### **Basic Services Infrastructure Basic Needs**\n\n\n## **581,218**\n\n###### Health, education, first responders, worship, electricity\n\n\n###### Transport, telecommunication, fuel, governmental buildings\n\n\n## **1,306,937 50,062**\n\n\n###### Water facilities, aid, food storage\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Number of\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n### **22**\n\n\n###### Incidents\n\n\n### **95**\n\n\n### **48**\n\n\n##### **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Overall data trends", - "confidence": 0.7834373116493225, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7349509000778198, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Incidents", - "confidence": 0.6525775790214539, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.5. Geographical spread of incidents**\n\nThe 844 civilian impact incidents were far from evenly distributed between the five target governorates. There was a significant\ndifference in the number of incidents between the areas, with Sa\u2019ada seeing the majority of incidents (53%), more than double the\nsecond highest governorate, Al-Hudaydah (22%). The lowest number of incidents was recorded within the Sana\u2019a hub, where Sana\u2019a\nCapital, Sana\u2019a governorate and Marib each saw about 8% of the total incidents.\n\nHowever, the number of casualties did not follow the same pattern, with Al-Hudaydah seeing 32% of casualties, despite only\nseeing 22% of incidents, and Sa\u2019ada seeing 37% of casualties with 53% of incidents. Of interest, Sana\u2019a capital saw 20% of\ncasualties despite only seeing 8% of incidents, illustrating that incidents of armed violence in the densely-populated city were\nmore likely to generate high casualty counts than in rural and less-populated areas.\n\nWithin each governorate a trend of incidents being concentrated in certain districts emerged. In Sa\u2019ada, most incidents were\nrecorded in districts bordering Saudi Arabia, with 72% of incidents in the governorate occurring in border districts. These areas also\naccounted for the majority of shelling, small arms fire, and UXO incidents, in addition to airstrikes. Razih was particularly impacted,\nwith the district seeing 26% of all the incidents recorded in Sa\u2019ada, more than double the second most impacted district, Monabbih.\n\nIn Al-Hudaydah, the impact was significantly higher in southern districts than the rest of the governorate, with 72% of incidents\noccurring in southern districts, where a military offensive was taking place. Hays (44 incidents), Al-Tuhayat (31), Al-Garrahi (28), AlKhawkhah (18), Zabid (14) and Jabal Ras (3).\n\nIn the Sana\u2019a hub, civilian impact was also largely concentrated in specific districts. In Marib, 86% of civilian impact incidents\noccurred in Sirwah district, where the current frontline is located, which saw a combination of shelling and airstrikes impacting on\ncivilians. In Sana\u2019a governorate, 55% of the civilian impact was recorded in Nihm district, also an active frontline, although all\nincidents recorded in the district were the result of airstrikes. In the capital, incidents were more spread out across the different\ndistricts, though three districts saw significantly higher impact than the rest. Al-Sabaen and Al-Wihdah each saw about 21% of\nincidents, mainly as a result of the December fighting in the capital, while Bani Al-Harith saw 24% of the incidents in the capital,\nmainly the result of airstrikes.\n\n\n\nNo of incidents\n\n\n\n\n##### **CAPITAL 67**\n\n\n##### **14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "civilian impact incidents", - "confidence": 0.7206695079803467, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "five target governorates", - "confidence": 0.6515539884567261, - "start": 38, - "end": 41 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "No of incidents", - "confidence": 0.6242544054985046, - "start": 527, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\nThe number of incidents were not static from month to month, but fluctuated as events on the ground unfolded, especially on the\ndynamic frontlines. December (181) saw the highest number of incidents during the six-month reporting period, largely in relation\nto the offensive in Al-Hudaydah that started simultaneously with intense street fighting in Sana\u2019a capital.\n\n##### **Number of incidents per governorate per month**\n\n\n200\n\n\nDecember Janaury February March April May\n\n\nAl-Hudaydah Sa'ada Sana'a Gov Capital Marib\n\n\nApart from December, Sa\u2019ada saw a consistently very high level of civilian impact from month to month, while the number of\nincidents varied more in the other governorates. In Al-Hudaydah, the impact fell as the military offensive stalled during January\nand February, and then more than doubled in March as the offensive renewed.\n\nIn Sana\u2019a capital, the impact peaked during the December clashes and then fell to a consistently low level during January-March,\nbefore increasing again in April and May as airstrikes on the city increased. In Sana\u2019a governorate, the opposite occurred, with the\nnumber of civilian impact incidents gradually decreasing from 23 in December to 6 in May. In Marib, where the frontline is also\nlargely static, December, January and March saw the most incidents, with February, April and May seeing a reduction.\n\n##### **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.6. Type of armed violence**\n\nThe vast majority of incidents were the result of airstrikes, which caused 565 incidents of civilian impact (67%). At the same time,\nairstrikes have a wider impact than other types of armed violence, generating larger destruction and more civilian casualties than\nany other type of armed violence. Airstrikes made up the majority of incidents in all five governorates, but especially in Sana\u2019a\ngovernorate (98%) and Al-Hudaydah (75%). In Sana\u2019a capital, Marib and Sa\u2019ada airstrikes also accounted for more than 50% of\nincidents.\n\nThe other type of armed violence frequently reported was shelling, 205 incidents (24%). Apart from Sana\u2019a governorate shelling was\nrecorded in all governorates, but was significantly higher in Marib (31% of incidents in the governorate) and Sa\u2019ada (34%), the latter\nconsisting of cross border shelling generating civilian impact in border districts.\n\nAll other types of armed violence constituted below 3 percentages; Small Arms Fire (3%), UXO (2%), Armed clashes (2%), Landmines\n(1%), IED (1%) and Deployment (0,5%). These were spread on the different governorates, with Sa\u2019ada seeing most of the UXO\nincidents (12 out of 16), as well as the small arms fire incidents (17 out of 25). Al-Hudaydah saw most of the incidents of armed\nclashes (9 out of 14), IEDs (5 out of 7) and landmines (7 out of 8).\n\n\n\ncapital (45).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### Sa'ada\n### **454**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAirstrikes Shelling IED SAF Armed Clashes Deployment UXO Landmines\n\n##### **16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Overall data trends", - "confidence": 0.6013059616088867, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sana\u2019a governorate", - "confidence": 0.5738610625267029, - "start": 153, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.7. Type of civilian impact per governorate**\n\nThe type of civilian impact varied from governorate to governorate. Sa\u2019ada saw the broadest type of impact, with 17 out of 18\nimpact categories recorded in the governorate, with the only category not recorded being prisons. Civilian houses, including houses\nco-located with farms, were impacted in 227 incidents, as civilian houses were frequently hit by airstrikes and cross-border shelling.\n\nIn addition, Sa\u2019ada saw very frequent impact on civilians moving in rural areas, often in border districts, with 68 incidents in which\ncivilians were injured or killed by small arms fire, shelling and airstrikes while moving by feet, in addition to 12 incidents in which\ncivilians were killed or injured by UXOs. Infrastructure was also widely impacted with 42 incidents generating damage to\ninfrastructure, in particular main roads and fuel stations. In addition to incidents impacting on infrastructure such as main roads\nand fuel stations, civilian vehicles (27 incidents) were also frequently targeted during movements. Sa\u2019ada also witnessed high\nimpact on education (11), farms (22), health (4), markets (7), local businesses (8) and protected sites (10). Finally, Sa\u2019ada was the\ngovernorate to see the highest impact on critical food and water infrastructure (14 incidents). First responders, aid and IDP\nsettlements were also impacted.\n\nAl-Hudaydah also witnessed a broad impact, with farms being the main impact (56 incidents), as these were frequently targeted by\nairstrikes. Infrastructure (27), in particular governmental compounds and main roads, were also frequently targeted, and, continuing\nthe trend of targeting of main roads, there were a high number of incidents impacting on civilian vehicles (18). Civilian houses were\nalso highly impacted in Al-Hudaydah (30), as well as exposure to armed conflict and UXOs/landmines (24). Markets were impacted\nin 6 incidents and local businesses in 12. Health (4), food and water infrastructure (4), aid (2), and education (2) were also frequently\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHouses Houses & farms Exposure to armed conflict Farms Civilian infrastructure Vehicles\n\n\nLocal businesses Exposure to UXO Food/water Education Markets Protected sites\n\n\nHealth Aid Civilian gatherings First responders IDP camps Prisons\n\n\n##### **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Overall data trends", - "confidence": 0.6425085663795471, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sa\u2019ada", - "confidence": 0.7082266807556152, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.7101674675941467, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **1.8. Civilian casualties**\n\nCivilian houses were by far the most frequently impacted,\nand together with houses and farms that are co-located,\nmade up 43% of the total civilian impact recorded during\nthe six months. Farms made up another 10%, bringing\nhouses (individual and co-located) and farms up to 53%\nof the total when combined.\n\nExposure to armed conflict came next (12%), illustrating\nthe risk to civilians when moving by feet. Infrastructure\nmade up 11%, and civilian vehicles 5%, again showing\nthe risks associated with movements, but in this case by\nvehicles.\n\nThe categories that followed were local businesses,\nexposure to UXO (including landmines), food and water\ninfrastructure, markets, education, protected sites, and\nhealth.\n\nThe categories that saw the fewest incidents were aid,\ncivilian gatherings, first responders, IDP settelements,\nand prisons.\n\n##### **Total number of casualties per category**\n\n\n##### **Total Civilian Impact incidents**\n\n\n## **Overall data trends**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAs the most common location for civilian impact\nincidents in the reporting period, houses were\nalso the site of the most civilian casualties (27%),\nillustrating that civilians are not protected from\narmed violence within their own homes.\n\nA significant part of the civilian casualties also\noccurred on infrastructure sites (16%), including\nmain roads and governmental compounds, and\ncontinuing the trend, in vehicles (11%).\n\nCivilians were also injured and killed when\nexposed to armed violence while moving by feet\nin rural and urban settings (9%), as well as in\nmarkets (7%) and in farms (7%).\n\nOne incident impacting on a prison also\ngenerated high casualties (5%), followed by IDP\nsettlements (3%), local businesses (3%), exposure\nto UXO (2%), and civilian gatherings (2%).\n\n##### **18**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\nThe chart below shows the number of incidents and casualties, both fatalities and injuries, by type of civilian impact incident. As noted\nabove, the deadliness of the incident type was not necessarily directly related to the total number of incidents.\n\nOverall, for all categories the number of casualties was higher than the number of incidents, illustrating the range of impact of each\nincident. However, certain type of incidents were more deadly than others, especially infrastructure (95 incidents-285 casualties),\nvehicles (46 incidents-209 casualties), markets (17 incidents-121 casualties), IDP settlements (2 incidents-48 casualties), and prisons (1\nincident-98 casualties).\n\n##### **Number of incidents, fatalities and injured per category**\n\n\n\nNo of incidents Total fatalities Total Injured\n\n\n##### **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Overall data trends**\n\n##### **1.9. Casualties per type of armed violence**\n\nAirstrikes were by far the deadliest type of armed violence, accounting for 80% of the total civilian casualties during the reporting\nperiod (1,474 casualties: 793 fatalities and 677 injured). The deadliness of airstrikes was largely due to the scale of damage done\nby airstrikes, compared to other types of armed violence, and the frequent targeting of sites where many civilians gathered,\nwhether homes, vehicles or public places, such as markets, restaurants and civilian infrastructure sites.\n\nThis was followed by shelling, which caused 11% of the casualties (190 casualties: 54 fatalities and 136 injuries). IED's caused 3%\n(45 casualties: 13 fatalities and 32 injured); landmines 2% (35 casualties: 25 fatalities and 10 injuries); UXO 2% (31 casualties: 7\nfatalities and 24 injuries); SAF 2% (32 casualties: 15 fatalities and 17 casualties); and armed clashes, 1% (20 casualties: 0 fatalities\nand 20 injuries).\n\nWhen looking at how many casualties that different types of armed violence generated on average, airstrikes were also deadlier\nthan shelling, with airstrikes generating an average of 2.6 casualties per incident compared to an average of 0.9 casualties for\nshelling. However, IEDs and landmines on average generated significantly higher casualties, with 6,4 casualties per IED incident\nand 4,4 casualties per landmine incident.\n\nAirstrikes also caused the most child and female casualties: 77% of the total child and female casualties, including 86% of the\nchild and women fatalities.\n\nThe location of airstrikes was also a contributing factor in determining the deadliness of incidents, with airstrikes in urban settings\ngenerating significantly higher casualty counts than airstrikes in rural areas. Airstrikes with recorded civilian impact in the capital\non average generated 7,5 civilian casualties. In comparison, airstrikes with recorded civilian impact in other governorates\ngenerated a much lower average casualty number; Al-Hudaydah an average of 3 civilian casualties per airstrike, in Sa\u2019ada an\naverage of 2 civilian casualties per airstrike and in Marib an average of 0,5 civilian casualties per airstrike.\n\n##### **Total casualties per type of armed violence**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nShelling 10.45%\n\n\n\nAirstrikes Shelling IED Landmine SAF UXO Armed clashes\n\n\n##### **20**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c0365c9-cf9b-3890-bf2c-2c273ebbccb6/cimp_six_month_report_june_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_783/raw/doc_783_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_783/raw/doc_783_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 57ec1c648e961e178970f08160bdb20a8e89a658..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_783/raw/doc_783_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/856f49ac-5881-3c67-88c3-464efcec1673/cimp_thematic_hudaydah_ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/856f49ac-5881-3c67-88c3-464efcec1673/cimp_thematic_hudaydah_ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/856f49ac-5881-3c67-88c3-464efcec1673/cimp_thematic_hudaydah_ceasefire.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_784/raw/doc_784_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_784/raw/doc_784_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 36bee301a3ac9e681cf5a6e7f232499e828cc8c2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_784/raw/doc_784_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Protection Response to Civil Documentation and Birth** **Registration needs in NWSW Cameroon (Jan \u2013 Sept 2024)**\n\n\n\n**64, 663 individuals**\nreached by awareness raising\nsessions on civil documentation\n(including birth registration)\n\n## **Overview**\n\n\n\n**13,120 children**\nreceived birth certificates.\n\n\n\n**57%**\nof **assessed households**\nidentified the lack of civil\ndocumentation as their key\nprotection concern _(MSNA 2024)_\n\n\n\nIn Cameroon, nationality is granted primarily under the principle of _jus sanguinis_, i.e. by birth in Cameroon\nor abroad to parents with Cameroonian nationality, and the birth certificate is the first civil documentation\nwhich establishes an individual\u2019s legal existence. It is a key document for accessing all other citizenship\ndocuments such as the national identity card and the electoral card. A birth certificate is required to enrol\nchildren in school, partake in public examinations and move between primary, secondary, and tertiary\neducation levels.\nThe national identity card affords holders the possibility of enjoying their civil, political, economic, and\nsocio-cultural rights. It enhances freedom of movement, travel privileges and voting rights.\nWithout civil documentation, vulnerable and forcibly displaced populations in the NWSW regions are\nunable to enjoy their rights under national and international law, and remain susceptible to movement\nrestrictions, exploitation, and a precarious protection environment.\nFor this reason, the Protection Cluster NWSW and its AoRs have prioritised the facilitation of the civil\ndocumentation process for conflict-affected people in the North-West and South-West (NWSW) regions,\nsupporting the issuance of birth certificates to crisis-affected children and strengthening the process of the\nissuance of civil documentation to displaced and other crises-affected persons.\n\n## **Achievements**\n\n\nBetween January \u2013 September 2024, protection actors recorded the following achievements:\n\n\n**1. Provide support to issue birth certificates to humanitarian crisis-affected children.**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45a2f08-dffb-424b-bd3c-76c584ea527f/civil_documentation_factsheet_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Strengthen the process of issuance of civil documentation to displaced and crisis-affected**\n\n**persons.**\n\n## **Key Challenges**\n\n\nProtection actors continue to face major challenges supporting the crisis-affected population to gain civil\ndocumentation. These are:\n\n - **Insecurity:** Some locations in the NWSW regions remain inaccessible due to the presence of\nNSAGs and movement restrictions, making it difficult for humanitarian actors to reach affected\npopulations in these areas. In addition to this, civilians face reprisals from both NSAGs for having\nnational identity cards, and State Security Forces (SSF) for not having the cards respectively,\nputting them in a very precarious position, and undecided on whether to apply for the national\nidentity card. Some civil registration centres have also been forced to relocate as a result of the\non-going insecurity.\n\n - **Socio-political:** humanitarian actors carrying out civil documentation activities have been accused\nby NSAGs of supporting the Government of Cameroon in registering the affected population for\nthe upcoming elections which they oppose. There have been a few reported cases of humanitarian\nactors being abducted by NSAGs during civil documentation activities.\n\n - **Duplicity of efforts:** there is need for better coordination among civil documentation actors.\nSeveral actors begin implementing activities without informing the cluster, often leading to\nduplication of efforts and documents. The protection cluster, together with BUNEC, has begun\nmapping civil documentation actors in both regions to reduce this, but there are local organizations\nwhich operate outside of the humanitarian coordination mechanism, and it might be difficult to track\nthese.\n\n - **Administrative bottlenecks:** the civil documentation process can be time-consuming in certain\nlocations, leading to impatience from the affected populations, and causing some of them to travel\nto other locations to re-initiate the process, often leading to duplication of efforts by humanitarian\nactors and the issuance of multiple documents. In addition to this, one of the requirements for the\nissuance of the national identify card is the birth certificate, which several of the crisis-affected\nadults lack, making it difficult for them to apply for the cards.\n\n - **Availability of Birth Registration Services:** In the NWSW regions, the coverage of civil\nregistration services remains insufficient. While 100% of the main civil registration offices are still\noperational, only 33% of the secondary civil registration offices are functional. The availability of\ninputs such as birth registers remains low to meet the demand.\n\n\n_**For additional information / enquiries, kindly contact:**_\n\n\n\n**Ms Doreen Aninyei**, Protection Cluster NWSW,\n[aninyei@unhcr.org](mailto:aninyei@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n**Ms Fily Diallo**, Child Protection AoR, NWSW\n[fdiallo@unicef.org](mailto:fdiallo@unicef.org)\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f45a2f08-dffb-424b-bd3c-76c584ea527f/civil_documentation_factsheet_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_785/raw/doc_785_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_785/raw/doc_785_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 774a93c9c4fb04a70b9cf393ee561c68570e49f6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_785/raw/doc_785_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,780 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP**\n## **Strategic Workshop Report,** **6 [th] - 7 [th] February 2018,** **LIBYA**\n\nVegetable shop in Al-Bayda, \u00a9 LAYD, 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic workshop report, February 2018\n\n**TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n**Acknowledgments** **01**\n\n\nStrategic workshop overview 02\nRecommendations 03\nExecutive summary 05\n\n\n**Context** **07**\nShadow economy 07\nMarket functionality 08\n\n\n**Who** **09**\nVulnerability Criteria 09\nBeneficiary Data Management 09\n\n\n**What** **10**\nMEB & Transfer value 10\n\n\n**How** **11**\nFSPs and Banking Landscape 11\nSOPs Harmonization 11\nTendering 13\nHarmonized-joint M&E and Third-Party Monitoring 13\nAnchorage to National Social Safety Nets 13\n\n\n**Risks & mitigation matrix** **14**\n**Stakeholders mapping** **15**\n\n\n**Topics under discussion** **16**\nReporting 16\nCapacity building 16\n\n\n**Table of references** **16**\n**Participants** **16**\n\n\n**ANNEXES**\nAgenda\nList of participants\nPresentation\n\n\n\n\n\n**Online access icon to documents and infographic shared by the Cash & Markets Working Group.**\n**CMWG Drive**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1fWdw-M4JsGJtKvB-Gcc-L0TtttBkZBoR](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1fWdw-M4JsGJtKvB-Gcc-L0TtttBkZBoR)_\n**List of CMWG documents**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-XetxF5K3uT3MDyY5FkiexZ4vHg9kdv_4U3tK2AzwKs](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-XetxF5K3uT3MDyY5FkiexZ4vHg9kdv_4U3tK2AzwKs)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Acknowledgments**\n\nThe Cash & Markets Working Group (CMWG) wishes to thank all participants for their active and expert\ncontributions to this 2018 strategic workshop. A special thank you goes to the presenters for sharing their\nlatest updates which allowed a more in-depth and up-to-date analysis of the context as well as technical and\nstrategic aspects.\nThis workshop was facilitated by Mr. Charlie Rapoport, coordinator of the CMWG for Libya and co-facilitated\nby Mrs. Elena Bertola.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**STRATEGIC WORKSHOP OVERVIEW**\n\n\n**Workshop objectives**\n\n\nOn the 6th and 7th of February 2018, a two days meeting opened to the members of the CMWG, Sector Leads,\nWorld Bank, UNSMIL, OCHA and Donors was held in Tunis to review the achievements, gaps and challenges of cash\nprograming and articulate the 2018 humanitarian Cash Strategy for Libya. Supported by a review of the key technical\nand strategic aspects as well as the specificity and risks of operating in the Libyan context, discussions were articulated\naround the following four pillars:\n\n**Pillar 1: Harmonised Cash Delivery Approach**\n**Pillar 2: Harmonised Beneficiary Data Management**\n**Pillar 3: Harmonised M&E and Third-Party Monitoring**\n**Pillar 4: Anchorage to National Social Safety Nets**\n\n\n\n**What**\n\nMEB & transfer value\n\n\n\nM&E / TPM\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**How**\n\nSocial Safety Nets\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n**CONTEXT**\n\n\n\nMarket functionality\n\n\n\nShadow economy\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**WHO**\n\nVulnerability criteria Beneficiary data management\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**WHAT**\n\nMEB & transfer value\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n\n\n**HOW**\n\nSocial Safety Nets\n\n\n\nSOPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFSP & banking landscape\n\n\n\nTendering\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nM&E / TPM\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Executive summary**\n\n\n**The Libya CMWG was established in August 2016** to support the humanitarian operations to affected\npopulations of Libya. The CMWG is a community of practice of humanitarian actors that operates in line with the **Cash**\n**Learning Partnership (CaLP) definition of Cash Based Interventions (CBI)** [1] . It includes both technical functions that\nfocus on process (such as sharing lessons learnt, harmonizing approaches to delivering cash, developing guidelines)\nand **strategic functions that focus more on results and impact** (such insuring coherence of activities and standards,\navoiding gaps and duplications, advocacy to promote appropriate cash-based interventions and influence policy). The\nCMWG is hosted by UNHCR with a dedicated coordinator provided by NORCAP (CashCap) with fundings from ECHO.\nIn 2017, ACTED co-lead this group, replaced in 2018 by Mercy Corps.\n\n\nIn 2017, the CMWG worked at demonstrating the pertinence and feasibility of CBI in Libya and advocated for the\nexpansion of this modality - when and where feasible and pertinent - in volume and across sectors. Valuable tools such\nas the MEB, enabling to calculate a standardized transfer value, and the JMMI were developed. The CMWG took a lead\nrole in consultation with the ISC members to design an initial vulnerability score-card. Combined with strong research\ncapacities (reports on shadow economy, market analysis, FSP landscape) this work provided analysis and evidences\nto support the members of the CMWG in the delivery of quality programming. **In 2018, the strategy of the CMWG will**\n**focus primarily on the operationalization at scale of Cash Based Response, designing solid, sustainable and**\n**harmonized approaches across cash actors.** Understanding the specific risks linked to the implementation of CBI at\nscale in the Libyan context and developing proper mitigation measures will be of paramount importance.\n\n\nImplementation of programs, particularly cash-based responses remotely presents multiple challenges including third\nparty monitoring of humanitarian programs and annex aspects. As the collective humanitarian response expands, more\nrigorous beneficiary data management will be required to facilitate and support programming, coordination and reporting.\nIn a context of acute cash liquidity and complex economic and political dynamics, conventional delivery mechanisms\nsuch as bank transfers and cash in envelopes have restrained delivery capacities. Starting in 2017, several new Libyan\nFinancial Service Providers have emerged. Available FSPs and delivery mechanisms (e-card, mobile money mostly)\nhave increased in number and coverage. These have been carefully reviewed by members of the CMWG. These\nFSPs are yet to be contracted and tested at scale. The wealth of CBI programmatic and coordination initiatives and\ncapitalization exercises across the MENA region and beyond provides the members of the CMWG with valuable insight.\nThis is particularly important as the scaling up of CBI in Libya is only at its early stage.\n\n\nAs per the Grand Bargain, _\u201cDelivering cash should, where possible and appropriate, use, link or align with local and_\n_national mechanisms such as social protection systems\u201d_ . Avenues to operationalize this commitment in the Libyan\ncontext will be explored. The collective responsibility of the members of the CMWG to deliver a well-coordinated sound\nstrategy and response will be under high scrutiny from key stakeholders. However, the methodology and guidelines\navailable / discussions do not show specific information for non-Libyans.\n\n\nThis document aims at establishing and capturing at this point in time, the feasibility, buy-in, areas of collaboration,\nstakeholders and next steps necessary to implement coherent collective Cash Based Programming in the context of the\nLibyan crisis.\n\n\n_1. All programs where cash (or vouchers for goods or services) is directly provided to beneficiaries. In the context of humanitarian assistance the_\n_term is used to refer to the provision of cash or vouchers given to individuals, household or community recipients; not to governments or other_\n_state actors. CBI covers all modalities of cash- based assistance, including vouchers._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports on shadow economy", - "confidence": 0.5779845714569092, - "start": 273, - "end": 277 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8593095541000366, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9620282053947449, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Cash assistance overview**\n\n\n**2017 Cash response** **[2]**\n\nBased on the **Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) of 2017, 11,000 persons received at least one cash transfer**\n**value** **[3]** **.** Outside the 2017 HRP, 250 Refugees, Asylum seekers and migrant\u2019s persons were targeted for cash assistance.\n\n**ASSISTANCE FREQUENCY** **RECOMMENDED TRANSFER VALUE**\nOne-off & regular 370LYD\n\n**2018 HRP - Cash component**\n\nUnder the **2018 HRP**, the number of projects with a cash component has increase substantially with **12 projects**\n**across 4 sectors**, implemented directly or indirectly by 8 organizations (3 United Nations Agencies (UN) and 5 INGO\u2019s).\nNational Libyan organizations were and will remain involved in the implementation of cash programs in 2017 and 2018.\nIt is estimated that 5% of people in need identified by the HRP 2018 should receive at least one transfer. Cash based\nresponse features 12% of HRP 2018 for a total 35.9M$ [4] . The 2018 HRP features CBI across the Shelter-NFI, Protection,\nFood Security, and under yet to define \u201cmultisector\u201d. Planned cash assistance aims at Libyans nationals under 9 projects\nwhereas non-Libyans nationals are assisted under 3 projects (total of the 3 projects: approx. 20.7M$).\n\n\n\n**BENEFICIARIES TARGETED IN 2018 (PERSONS)**\n\n\nIDPs\n\n\nRefugees, Asylum seekers\nand migrants\n\n\nNon displaced\n\n\nReturnees\n\n\n**12 PROJECTS WITH CASH ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES**\n\n35.9M$\n\nBudget dedicated to cash assistance\n\n\nShelter/NFI: 10.6M$\n\n\nProtection: 1.7M$\n\n\nMulti-sectorial: 21.4M$\n\n\nFood security: 2.1M$\n\n\n\n**ASSISTANCE FREQUENCY PLANNED**\nOne-off & regular\n\n\n**RECOMMENDED TRANSFER VALUE UNDER REVIEW**\n\n370LYD\n\n\n**CONDITIONALITY PLANNED**\n\nUNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER\n80% of activities\nCONDITIONAL OR RESTRICTED CASH TRANSFER\n9% of activities (Shelter & NFI)\nCOMBINED CONDITIONALITY OF CASH TRANSFER\n9% of activities (Shelter & NFI)\n_2% not determined_\n\n\n\nShelter/NFI: 10.6M$\n**2 PROJECTS: 10.3M$ - UNHCR & IOM**\nIDPs, Returnees & non displaced\n**1 PROJECT: 345K$ - ACTED**\nIDPs\n\nProtection: 1.6M$\n\n**1 PROJECT: 1.6M$ - UNHCR**\nIDPs & Returnees\n\n\n**1 PROJECT: 50K$ - ACTED**\nIDPs, Returnees & non displaced\n\n\n\nFood security: 2.1M$\n\n**1 PROJECT - WFP**\nIDPs, Returnees & non displaced\nRefugees, asylum seekers & Migrants\n\n\nMulti-sectorial: 21.4M$\n\n\n\n**1 PROJECT: 7.3M$ - IOM**\nMigrants\n\n\n\n**3 PROJECTS: 2.4M$ - ACTED & MC**\nIDPs, Returnees & non displaced\n\n\n\n**1 PROJECT: 11.3M - UNHCR**\nRefugees, asylum seekers & non\ndisplaced\n\n\n\n**1 PROJECT: 264K$ - ACTED**\nIDPs & non displaced\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n_2. 2018 HRP Libya_\n_3. Numbers of persons reached in 2018 published after publication: 33 484 IDPs, returnees and Libyans non displaced in 2017 / 118 refugees and migrants between June and December 2017)._\n_4. Shelter/NFI: 10.6M$ Protection: 1.7M$ Multi-sectorial: 21.4M$ Food security: 2.1M$_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**CONTEXT**\n\n\n**Shadow economy**\n\n\n_\u201cLibya has been in a state of turmoil since the overthrow of longtime leader Muammar Gadhafi in 2011. Conditions_\n_deteriorated significantly after a power struggle between rival political factions escalated in the summer of 2014. Civil,_\n_security, and social services have since collapsed in many parts of the country, as the power struggle between rival_\n_political forces increasingly cripples the ability of state institutions to respond to public needs.\u201d_\n\n\n_Mercy Corps,_\n_Shadow Economy, April 2017._\n\n\n_\u201cLibya is experiencing an economic crisis, characterized by a drop in GDP, the drastic depreciation of the Libyan dinar,_\n_a severe liquidity shortage and rapid inflation. (...) the economy is undergoing a process of \u2018black-marketization\u2019 - a_\n_vicious cycle, in which the shadow economy both feeds on the liquidity crisis and exacerbates it. The importance of the_\n_shadow economy should not be underestimated: it is assumed that more than half of the money circulating in Libya_\n_moves within the informal sector.\u201d_\n\n\n_Mercy Corps,_\n_Shadow Economy, April 2017._\n\n\nWith the risk of feeding directly or indirectly the shadow economy, Cash Based Programming present specific\nchallenges in the Libyan context. **Understanding these risks and establishing mitigation measures are paramount**\n**to ensuring responsible and ethical programing inline with the Do No Harm approach.** An estimated 165,478\npeople remain internally displaced. 341,534 returnees were identified while 704,142 migrants were identified in January\n2018 by the Displacement Tracking Matrix (Round 17) of the International Organization for Migration (IOM).\n\n\n**Presentation**\n[UNSMIL and Mercy Corps](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1tiBpgDnJtgCZKeMe63kfVi7M7hnvrnUZ)\n**Recommandation**\nCreation of a Task force composed of World Bank / UNSMIL /OCHA to analyse and recommend on best practices to\nensure that there is no engagement with the black market.Design and sharing of best practices (do\u2019s and don\u2019t) with\nregards to financial interaction in the libyan context.\n**Timeline**\ninitiation TF March 2018\n**CWMG Shadow economy folder**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WFnd-rb6EMZ4LgMOpd_vFyzhx9kF-IBV](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WFnd-rb6EMZ4LgMOpd_vFyzhx9kF-IBV)_\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Market functionality**\n\n\n_\u201c Throughout the country, people have been facing price inflation and a shortage of hard cash, which has reduced their_\n_purchasing power and further put vulnerable households at risk. In this environment, aid organizations are looking at_\n_options to scale up cash-based interventions as an effective means of assisting vulnerable households._\n_In early 2017 the Libya Cash & Markets Working Group (CMWG) identified critical information gaps in terms of market_\n_functionality and prices of basic goods and thus launched the JMMI in June 2017. A key objective of the initiative is to_\n_inform cash-based responses by providing accurate information on the prices and availability of basic food and non-_\n_food items.\u201d_\n\n_Reach Initiative, Joint Market Monitoring Initiative, Trends_\n\n_analysis June - December 2017, January 2018._\n\n\n**Eight rounds of Joint Market Monitoring Initiative (JMMI)** have been completed, with **price data gathered for**\n**32 basic items from 323 individual shops in 24 locations** . The monitoring showed that both Food and NFI prices rose\nsince October, with a decrease in HHs purchasing power. T **he market assessment concluded that market systems**\n**and supply chains are functional and flexible, basic food and non-food items are continuously available, and**\n**physical market access is largely guaranteed given.** Access to cash remains a major challenge for many HHs who\nface lack of cash and withdrawal limits, which affects their purchasing capacity.\nTwo market-related initiatives were launched in 2017: The Joint Market Monitoring Initiative (JMMI) led by REACH, and\na detailed review of the \u201c _[Market Systems in Libya - Assessment of the Wheat Flour, Insulin, Tomato and Soap Supply](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GQS3H_nBy7CSak3h5eqbzVAYUJaXw9SA)_\n_[Chains](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GQS3H_nBy7CSak3h5eqbzVAYUJaXw9SA)_ \u201d\n\n\n**Presentation**\n[REACH](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1SCwNGzZwOJ12duKywo3EhPTUkcDkLX6N)\n**Recommendation**\nIn future rounds of the JMMI, the factsheet to include an agreed Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB). Prices associated\nwith the MEB will illustrate variations in prices across assessed locations. Insure sustainibility of fundings for the JMMI\nand market related analyis. Insure sustainability of funding for the JMMI.\n**Timeline**\nFebruary 2018\n**CMWG Market functionality folder** [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1F-v7LbC7MJN1C03UqWDGlkcKIsh6c1Vm](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1F-v7LbC7MJN1C03UqWDGlkcKIsh6c1Vm)\n**JMMI folder** [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sAQdHpn8dzyoEzYuJQXuRbrJceZHa-83](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sAQdHpn8dzyoEzYuJQXuRbrJceZHa-83\r)\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Joint Market Monitoring Initiative", - "confidence": 0.984632134437561, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "price data", - "confidence": 0.7086272239685059, - "start": 187, - "end": 189 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "JMMI", - "confidence": 0.6301618218421936, - "start": 176, - "end": 177 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5386608242988586, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.5157854557037354, - "start": 225, - "end": 226 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Market Systems in Libya", - "confidence": 0.8886732459068298, - "start": 329, - "end": 333 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.7294908165931702, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9644805192947388, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**WHO**\n\n\n**Vulnerability criteria**\n\n**Background to the selection of beneficiaries**\n\nThroughout 2016 and 2017, the members of the CMWG have been using a combination of status and\nvulnerability-based approach to select beneficiaries. T **he starting points for the selection of Libyan beneficiary are**\n**lists (usually of a few thousand households) provided by the local crisis committees, Social affairs and Libaid.**\nBased on these, organization implementing Cash Based Programs are administrating beneficiaries a vulnerability score\ncard to identify the \u201cmost vulnerable\u201d. A verification is usually conducted upon pre and post-distribution monitoring.\nGiven the complex political environment and relying on established lists, inclusion and exclusion of beneficiary might be\nnot be neutral and / or impartial. Some of the most vulnerable may not feel comfortable approaching these Committees\nor may not be aware of their existence which exclude them de facto from the original lists supplied to humanitarian\norganizations.\n**As far as non-Libyans are concerned, in 2016 and 2017 cash programs have been directed mostly to people**\n**belonging to the 7 nationalities recognized to be refugees only, namely Palestinians, Iraqis, Syrians, Ethiopians,**\n**Eritreans, Sudanese and Somalis.** These programs have been implemented within the domain of UNHCR intervention,\nthrough UNHCR selection and distribution procedures, which include:\n\n_- Eligibility screening (eligible nationality)_\n\n_- Protection needs assessment (screening of needs and vulnerabilities as per UNHCR set criteria, which take into_\n_consideration the individual as well as the family dimension)_\n\n_- Pre and post distribution monitoring_\n\n\nDuring this session, ACTED - on the behalf of and in consultation with the CMWG - presented a draft updated version of\nthe vulnerability scorecard for Libyans. Building on criteria developed in 2016 in consultation with the sector leads, this\ndraft scorecard combines protection and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The new version is being reviewed taking in\nconsideration the lessons learnt by DRC, ACTED & Mercy Corps during their assessments and implementations cashbased programs. This scorecard focuses on socioeconomic and demographic vulnerabilities looking more specifically at\ndependent groups (pregnant and lactating single women headed family etc \u2026). Protection is mainstreamed. However,\nassessment of sectoral vulnerabilities need to be conducted ex ante as the purpose of this tool is to identify the most\nvulnerable households. A scorecard for non-Libyans is yet to be determined. The CMWG stands ready contribute and\nsupport the Mix Migration WG in this exercise.\n\n**Presentation**\n[ACTED](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1cwpSGy7ZATQK4tGSU1mYkO1HMd_jZxJ_)\n**Recommendations**\nCMWG to endorse the new version of the score card.\nCMWG to present Score card to the ISC for discussions, input and endorsement.\nSystematization of Score card across cash actors in upcoming programs.\nConsultation with MMWG on score card for non-Libyans.\n**CMWG folder** _[https://drive.google.com/open?id=10itreW0_Dq1yUn1PhnZgHJbUmq8d0K8S](https://drive.google.com/open?id=10itreW0_Dq1yUn1PhnZgHJbUmq8d0K8S)_\n\n\n**Beneficiary data management**\n\nWith the sharp expansion of operations both in term of beneficiaries and organizations, sound data management\nand coordination between actors will be key to the coherence of the collective cash response. During the strategic\nworkshop the session was introduced by UNHCR with a **presentation of RAIS (Assistance Platform in Middle East**\n\n**- used in Lebanon) and ASSIST (Assistance in Information and Service Tracking).** These platforms will be rolled\nout by UNHCR for Libya and made the standard reporting tool for UNHCR partners. **UNHCR suggested to make**\n**these platforms available for the entire humanitarian community as this is the case in Lebanon.** Discussions\nrevolved around the rationale, tools and challenges for a harmonized beneficiary data management system. From the\nNGO perspective, options of a common platform were weighed against organization in-house, interoperable platforms\nsupported by data sharing agreements and allowing cross referral. The next steps include a review of respective systems\nused by organizations, a compilation of best practices used in other comparable contexts, an ASSIST training and an\nassessment of practicalities, resources, challenges.\n\n**Recommendations**\nTake stock of existing beneficiary data management supporting cash programs. Better understanding of ASSIST\nthrough trainings to UNHCR partners; Review of best suited alternative platforms and inter-operability processes\nin other humanitarian operations. Decision on best suitable beneficiary data management platform for cash actors.\nDuring the 3rd week of February, UNHCR organized a training on ASSIST with partners.\n**Timeline** End of February\n**CMWG folder** _[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1KgRo4Icb2Has6Q_GALpSupY75LCfshSG](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1KgRo4Icb2Has6Q_GALpSupY75LCfshSG)_\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "lists", - "confidence": 0.6454485058784485, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5552973747253418, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.6228591799736023, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LIBYA", - "confidence": 0.9673750400543213, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9521558284759521, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.550429105758667, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5236968994140625, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "vulnerability scorecard for Libyans", - "confidence": 0.851830244064331, - "start": 347, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "protection and socio-economic vulnerabilities", - "confidence": 0.5580909252166748, - "start": 369, - "end": 373 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CMWG", - "confidence": 0.5057477355003357, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9839890599250793, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable households", - "confidence": 0.5805132389068604, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "scorecard", - "confidence": 0.7238477468490601, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CMWG", - "confidence": 0.7058829069137573, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable households", - "confidence": 0.546271562576294, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "beneficiary data management", - "confidence": 0.8169658184051514, - "start": 776, - "end": 779 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "cash actors", - "confidence": 0.5144145488739014, - "start": 816, - "end": 818 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**WHAT**\n\n\n**Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) & Transfer Values**\n\nThe Minimum Expenditure Basket is defined **as the minimum amount of goods an average Libyan household**\n**needs to consume each month to meet all basic needs.** The calculation is not an exact science, but a rational\nestimation of funds absolutely needed by a household. The calculations are based on an average household size of\n6 people. While the prices of items vary across locations, the suggested items listed in the Libya MEB are generally\nharmonized, though not all items are prioritized in the calculation of each location.\nThe Libya CMWG calculated the MEB by considering the following:\n\n**\u2022 Results of a REACH/CMWG assessment on household expenditures and consumption patterns in Libya**\n\n**\u2022 Beneficiary needs assessments \u2013 both surveys and focus group discussion on target group Prioritized needs.**\n**Affected households themselves defined basic needs.**\n\n**\u2022 On-going post distribution monitoring and beneficiary satisfaction surveys**\n\n**\u2022 Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) and other guidance, best practices and lessons learned and**\n\n**\u2022 Prices from local markets and access**\n\n\nAs part of the monthly monitoring of commodities prices included in the MEB, the full cost of the MEB, and by extension\nthe standard cash transfer value, can be calculated and updated on a monthly basis. This standard transfer value takes\nin consideration the expenditures as well as the incomes per household. Income can originate from either from paid\nwork, subsidies or another humanitarian assistance.\nOn the behalf of the CMWG, REACH, in consultation with sector leads has compiled an initial version of the MEB.\nVersion 1 of this MEB will be submitted to the ISC for comments, modifications and endorsement.\n\n\n**Presentation**\n[REACH](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19gYL4ujPAj7y_-KAcCntY3LXL1_KaV29)\n**Recommendations**\nFrequencies and / or triggers for the update of the Transfer Value and its geographical standardization need to be\nestablished\nPresentation of updated MEB to the ISC for input and endorsement\nEstablishment of recommendation for the update frequency and geographical standardization of transfer values\n**Timeline**\nMarch 2018\n**CMWG folder** _[https://drive.google.com/open?id=19gYL4ujPAj7y_-KAcCntY3LXL1_KaV29](https://drive.google.com/open?id=19gYL4ujPAj7y_-KAcCntY3LXL1_KaV29)_\n\n\n\n**REACH collects**\n**data on behalf of**\n**CMWG**\n\n\n\n**Preliminary data**\n**analysis**\n\n\n\n**Markets Task**\n**Force agrees on**\n**composition of**\n**MEB**\n\n\n\n**Meetings with**\n**sector heads to**\n**request MEB**\n**input**\n\n\n\n**Composition of MEB**\n**finalized, standard**\n**transfer value calculated**\n\n\n\n**MEB endorsed**\n**by CMWG and**\n**incorporated**\n**into CBIs**\n\n\n\n_REACH presentation, Strategic Workshop,Feb. 2018._ _Overall relative expenditure, REACH, Feb. 2018._\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Minimum Expenditure Basket", - "confidence": 0.7718083262443542, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6660060882568359, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MEB", - "confidence": 0.7249996662139893, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "author": { - "text": "CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP", - "confidence": 0.8032990097999573, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LIBYA", - "confidence": 0.9804326295852661, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.798623263835907, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Libyan household", - "confidence": 0.5542296767234802, - "start": 51, - "end": 53 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Beneficiary needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.8664394617080688, - "start": 171, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.5788013339042664, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9451332688331604, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Affected households", - "confidence": 0.9284661412239075, - "start": 191, - "end": 193 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MEB", - "confidence": 0.9507913589477539, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.8748602271080017, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MEB", - "confidence": 0.9310784339904785, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CMWG", - "confidence": 0.6804710030555725, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sector heads", - "confidence": 0.7626675367355347, - "start": 495, - "end": 497 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**HOW**\n\n\n**FSPs and Banking Landscape**\n\n\n_\u201cThe liquidity crisis and weaknesses of the banking sector in Libya have created limitations to conventional methods_\n_of cash assistance to vulnerable households, including direct bank transfer. Beneficiaries often cannot access their_\n_installments in a timely or efficient manner due to withdrawal limits (below 1000 LYD per month for the majority of_\n_households,) long wait times, or lack of bank notes available at banks. In light of these difficulties, the Cash and Market_\n_Working Group (CMWG) has been collecting information on alternative cash delivery mechanisms in terms of time-cost_\n_efficiency, risks, appropriateness, and feasibility (...)\u201d_\n\n_ACTED, Tadawul Point of Sale,_\n\n_October 2017_\n\n\nDuring this session, the CMWG presented a brief overview of the Libyan banking system, followed by DRC which\npresented its ongoing FSP\u2019s assessment. As a follow up from START NETWORK, this assessment looks extensively\ninto the newly established FSPs, their services and delivery mechanisms as well as accessibility and coverage. **While**\n**Libya FSP\u2019s and services in partnership with commercial banks, are accredited by the Central Bank of Libya**\n**and generally appear to be operational for private customers, payment solutions other than cash have only**\n**been introduced in Libya over the last three years.** It is important to mention that the infrastructure in the country\nwas not adequate to introduce sophisticated electronic payments, but things are changing slowly. Access to financial\nservices for Libyan beneficiaries does not seem to present any legal restriction. Accessibility to services for non-Libyan\nnationals is more challenging.\n\n\n**Presentation**\nDRC\n**Recommendations**\nKeep abreast with FSP sector See below tendering\n**Timeline** Not available\n**CMWG folder** _https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vPfGeEV0TXHzc3KK7GyST7WbGNbgNQ_B_\n**Documents** _LIBYA, Delivery mechanism mapping for cash based interventions 2017/2018, DRC, Feb. 2018_\n\n\nCMWG strategic Workshop,Feb. 2018.\n\n**SOPs Harmonization**\nHarmonization of processes along the main sequences of program cycle (preparation \u2013 implementation \u2013\nreview) could enable organization involved in cash based programing a greater level of coordination and programmatic\ncoherence.\nA full alignment of SOP\u2019s across organisations might not be feasible for each program sequences. Tippically, delivery\nprocesses and mechansms will be FSP specific.\n**Never the less, organizations would greatly benefit in harmonizing key aspects (and tools) such as vulnerability**\n**assesments (score cards), beneficiary data management (beneficiary data management platform), risks analysis**\n**and mitigation(Risk register).**\n\n**Recommandation**\nCollect (anonymous), analysis and consolidation of CBI SOP\u2019s\nIdentification of commonalities, gaps and specificities per organisations, modalities and mechanisms\nWhen / where possible harmonisation and sharig of SOP\u2019s\n**Timeline**\nMarch 2018\n**CMWG folder** _https://drive.google.com/open?id=1dkszQ0GPqD5x6_EIPpanBXA_wzV7vexu_\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "score cards", - "confidence": 0.5060446262359619, - "start": 504, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Risk register", - "confidence": 0.5557678937911987, - "start": 527, - "end": 529 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Financial services providers (FSP) & Points of sale (PoS), Libya**\n\n\nFile name :LY_FSP_CMWG_022018 - DRAFT - Date: 05 Feb. 2018 - Author: CMWG & DRC\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# Individuals IDPs\n\n\n\n**Mobile based money payment**\n\nWahda (Mobicash)\n\nBCD (Pay Me)\n\nBoth\n\n\n**Mobile money**\n\n\nAl Madar (Sadad)\n\n\nDRAFT_CMWG_02022018:\n\n\nThe following infographics are based on an online research conducted by DRC and the CMWG in February\n2018. See information sources on the excel table related to this document (FSP_Services_Overview.xls).\nThe data visualisation aim to facilitate the reading and the location of baladya can be approximative.\n\n\n\n**Prepaid cards**\n\nTadawul (Raseed)\n\nMouamalat-Sahara (Badeel +)\n\nBoth\n\n\n**Debit card**\n\nSahara (Badeel)\n\nNAB (NAB)\n\nNCB (Namou)\n\nBCD (Kinzi)\n\nWahda (Zad)\n\nJomhouria (Sadeeq)\n\n\n\n# Individuals\n\n\n\nReturnee\n\n\n\n**Mobile coverage**\n\n\nAlmadar 2G\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Strategic Workshop Report", - "confidence": 0.5993373394012451, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.6390964984893799, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LIBYA", - "confidence": 0.7857276201248169, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9611749053001404, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**Tendering**\n\nOn the 25th of January 2018, UNHCR Senior Regional Supply Officer for MENA region, presented the members\nof the CMWG the technicalities, process and advantages of joint FSP tendering during a half day workshop. A technical\nlevel session aimed primarily at supply and program officers was followed by an exchange with the management of\nsome of the CMWG member organizations. **During this strategic training (6th and 7th of Feb), discussions did**\n**not look at the technical aspect but at the rationale, buy-in and potential for a joint or harmonized tendering**\n**approach.** Mercy Corps is finalizing its procurement, CESVI has already initiated theirs. Most other organizations are\nactively involved in the pre- tendering processes. Discussions on joint tendering were held but were not conclusive as\norganizations prefer to keep a level of autonomy during the piloting of their cash delivery. However, a harmonized and\nunified approach to the FSP market and CBL was received as a feasible option by the members.\nIn order not to stop or slow down the individual processes, the recommendations below will take place in parallel.\n\n**Recommendations**\nMeeting with FSP\u2019s to show a unified approach to the market, explain the specificity of humanitarian CBI and planned\ncollective volume of financial operations for 2018.\nMeeting with CBL to define and understand the legal framework for FSPs activity.\nConsolidation of specifications across the CMWG members\nPre-tendering meeting with FSP\u2019s, insuring support of CBL\n**Timeline**\nConsolidation of specification: 1st week of March / FSP & CBL meeting in Tunis : March 2018\n**CMWG folder**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RGHN-n9k8elB_ju1tSavpt5D5HptMSDy](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RGHN-n9k8elB_ju1tSavpt5D5HptMSDy)_\n\n\n**Harmonized-joint M&E and Third-Party Monitoring**\n\nPooling resources for a harmonized M&E and TPM across organizations would enhance the quality of\nprogramming while rationalizing efforts and costs per organizations. The UNHCR, in partnership with Moomken has\nestablished a TPM for its programs. First PDM has been shared with partners but is still to be finalized with agencies to\nreach an agreement on its usability and updating. Discussions as whether the UNHCR-Moomken TPM could cover all of\nCMWG members activities or if a specifically CBI TPM for the CMWG members should be developed were inconclusive\nas objectives, costs and benefits, alongside with standards and donors requirements needs more clarification. This\ndiscussion fits into the \u201charmonization of SOP\u2019s\u201d.\n\n**Recommandation** N/A\n\n**CMWG folder**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yjOIXZd6xaN15aNyC66PrVm1Hp_95Elw](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yjOIXZd6xaN15aNyC66PrVm1Hp_95Elw)_\n\n**Anchorage to National Social Safety Nets**\n\nAnchorage of the humanitarian response - more particularly CBI - to Social Safety Nets is a key commitment\nof the Grand Bargain. This is particularly relevant in the Libyan context, where subsidies have been delivered for\nseveral decades. Understanding of the stakeholders, nature and amount of subsidies as well as delivery modalities and\nmechanisms is a pre-requisite for the CMWG to decide on best suited approach. The WB presented the methodology\nfor their ongoing National Social Safety Net assessment in Libya. This exercise is estimated to be completed in 6/9\nmonths. At this point in time, only early scale data is available. Preliminary findings show that the Libya Social Solidarity\nfund, which is not income-based, can serve selected needs whereas the Social Economic Fund in southern Libya did\nnot operate last year.\n\n**Recommandation**\nEstablishment of a formal platform of collaboration and coordination between CMWG, World Bank and key GoL\nstakeholders. Clarification of the notions of vulnerability, social status and subsidies (nature and amount) and the\ncriteria for inclusion/exclusion from respective NSSN programmes. CMWG to follow-up on NSSN mapping from World\nBank.\nUnderstanding of the determination of vulnerability criteria based on socio-economic criteria vs. Humanitarian criteria.\n**CMWG folder**\n_[https://drive.google.com/open?id=15ZuPvpXCIE7SnjsMecKoR0CqTG6pX3xU](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yjOIXZd6xaN15aNyC66PrVm1Hp_95Elw)_\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National Social Safety Net assessment", - "confidence": 0.9530768394470215, - "start": 572, - "end": 577 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WB", - "confidence": 0.8803476095199585, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9925007224082947, - "start": 578, - "end": 579 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "early scale data", - "confidence": 0.8789107203483582, - "start": 600, - "end": 603 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.8279136419296265, - "start": 656, - "end": 658 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.6889061331748962, - "start": 611, - "end": 612 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**RISKS & MITIGATION MATRIX**\n\n\nUnderstanding the specific risks linked to the implementation of CBI at\nscale in the Libyan context and developing proper mitigation measures will be of\nparamount importance. The consolidated Risks & Mitigation Register presented\nduring this session evaluates the risks from the beneficiaries, implementing\norganization and donors perspectives during the planning, implementation and\nclosure phases. Access to liquidity or goods, inflation, connectivity, FSPs coverage,\naccess, extra charges imposed on FSP services users, data protection, CBL rules\nand regulations, currency of payment, Anti Money Laundering, due diligence,\naccountability and data accuracy to name only these few are being investigated.\nRisk registers are live documents. Coordination on risks, identification and\nmitigation across several organization presents specific challenges with regards to\nupdate and exchange of critical information. Mechanisms to assess the triggers of\nrisks, design and implementation of mitigation measures needs to be established.\n\n**Recommandation**\nEstablishment of formal communication channels / coordination platform to\nanalyse, share and mitigate risks\n**Timeline**\nN/A\n**CMWG folder**\n_https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RiPLIe8dAFJW24bkYTnZHZ2mXG818BjK_\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**TOPICS UNDER DISCUSSION**\n\n\n**Reporting**\n\nGiven the current humanitarian coordination architecture and the fact that cash is not a sector (but a modality),\nreporting cash-based intervention across several sectors presents specific challenges.\nIn 2017, all cash activities were reported under the shelter-NFI sectors. In 2018, Shelter-NFI, food security and Protection\nassistance featured under the HRP will be reported under their relevant sectors. The yet to be defined \u201cmulti-sector\u201d, not\nfitting under any specific sector will need special attention in term of reporting. The CMWG, with dedicated IM resources\nprovided by UNHCR will consolidate, analyze and share monthly an overview of the cash-based interventions. To avoid\nduplication of effort, reporting formats for sectors and cash specific will be standardized.\n\n**2018 reporting system**\n\n\n\nProject registry\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_\u2022 March and when needed: Project registry_\n_matrix is sent to partners to report and_\n_update ongoing or planned projects. The_\n_matrix need to be updated when partners._\n\n_\u2022 1st - 9th: 5Ws Matrix is sent to partners_\n_to report and update previous and ongoing_\n_activity_\n\n_\u2022 11th- 12th: IM Task Force share 5Ws_\n_products draft with OCHA and partners for_\n_feedback_\n\n_\u2022 5th-19th: 5Ws Product is disseminated_\n\n\n\n**Capacity building**\n\n\n\nand products design\n\n\n\nAs in 2017, capacity building of members of the CMWG and relevant stakeholders (ISC members, FSP\u2019s,\nCentral Bank of Libya\u2026) will be a key activity of the CMWG. A program of online and face to face training will be\nelaborated and shared. These trainings will take place both in Libya and Tunisia.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2018 reporting system", - "confidence": 0.5798785090446472, - "start": 162, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9642723202705383, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5736855268478394, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Project registry", - "confidence": 0.5738226175308228, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IM Task Force", - "confidence": 0.5908546447753906, - "start": 228, - "end": 231 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6003175973892212, - "start": 260, - "end": 261 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### LIBYA, CASH & MARKETS WORKING GROUP Strategic Workshop Report, February 2018\n\n**TABLE OF REFERENCES**\n\n\n_Table of References_\n_Desk Review of Cash & Market Studies in Libya_\n_Libya Joint Market Monitoring Initiative (JMMI) December 2017_\n_Cash delivery mechanism assessment for refugees, migrants and asylum seekers in Libya_\n_Libya\u2019s Shadow Economy_\n_UNHCR Procurement for CBI_\n_Case Study Findings - Cash Consortium Iraq_\n_Lessons Learned from large scale cash-programming in Lebanon 2014 \u2013 2017_\n_Libya Cash & Markets WG - MEB and transfer value_\n_Protection and Financial Risks Mitigation Matrix Draft_\n_SOPs Harmonization Matrix Draft_\n\n\n**PARTICIPANTS**\n\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65243acc-104b-3753-ad6b-d9103c5966e6/cmwg_strategic_workshop_report_032018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_786/raw/doc_786_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_786/raw/doc_786_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c0016457e28e01109cdb4d77d26e0edffb4ecd71..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_786/raw/doc_786_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### Tercer Trimestre\n### INFORME\n# 03\n\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de DDHH, ONIC, Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Plurinacionales, C\u00facuta, Norte de Santander\n\n## Afectaciones a los Derechos Humanos en los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Presentaci\u00f3n\n\nLa Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia\n-ONIC- nace gracias a la lucha por la reivindicaci\u00f3n y la defensa del buen vivir y la pervivencia de\nlos Pueblos y Naciones ind\u00edgenas de Colombia.\nComo autoridad de gobierno, justicia, legislaci\u00f3n\ny representaci\u00f3n de los pueblos originarios, la\nONIC posee autonom\u00eda para organizarse y decidir\na partir de las Leyes de Origen, el Derecho Propio,\nla Palabra de Vida y el Derecho mayor.\n\n\nEn este marco, el trabajo de la Consejer\u00eda de\nDerechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, Derechos\nHumanos y Paz (en lo sucesivo Consejer\u00eda de\nDerechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas), bajo la\ndirecci\u00f3n de la Consejera Esneda Saavedra\nRestrepo, lideresa del Pueblo Yukpa, ha venido\norientando su acci\u00f3n desde la exigencia por la\nreivindicaci\u00f3n de los derechos de los Pueblos\ny Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, as\u00ed como por la implementaci\u00f3n del Cap\u00edtulo \u00c9tnico del Acuerdo de\nPaz, firmado entre las FARC-EP y el Gobierno\nNacional en 2016, en correspondencia con los\nmandatos de la Ley de Gobierno Propio \u2013 Volver\nal Origen. Esto ha permitido fortalecer la pol\u00edtica\ny el ejercicio organizativo de las organizaciones\nregionales y zonales filiales de la ONIC, ubicadas\na lo largo del territorio nacional.\n\n##### Introducci\u00f3n\n\n\nDurante el tercer trimestre de 2022, comprendido\npor el per\u00edodo julio a septiembre, la Consejer\u00eda\nde Derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, junto\ncon el Observatorio de Derechos Humanos (en\nlo sucesivo Observatorio de DDHH), realiz\u00f3 la\nconmemoraci\u00f3n de tres fechas de elevada importancia para los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas. Inicialmente, el\n9 de agosto se celebr\u00f3 el D\u00eda Internacional de los\nPueblos Ind\u00edgenas [1], proclamado por la Asamblea\n\n\n1 En la actualidad, la poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena est\u00e1 integrada por\n\n\u201cm\u00e1s de 5000 grupos distintos en unos 90 pa\u00edses [...]\nconstituidos por 370 millones de personas aproximadamente, es decir, m\u00e1s del 5% de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial [...]\nse encuentran entre las poblaciones m\u00e1s desfavorecidas\ny vulnerables representando el 15 por ciento de los m\u00e1s\npobres\u201d. [Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas (2022). D\u00eda](https://www.un.org/es/events/indigenousday/index2017.shtml)\n[Internacional de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, 9 de agosto.](https://www.un.org/es/events/indigenousday/index2017.shtml)\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nGeneral de las Naciones Unidas (1994) [2] . Esta fecha,\nigualmente, conmemora la primera reuni\u00f3n del\nGrupo de Trabajo sobre Poblaciones Ind\u00edgenas\nde la Subcomisi\u00f3n de Prevenci\u00f3n de Discriminaciones y Protecci\u00f3n a las Minor\u00edas, celebrada en\n1982. Para este d\u00eda, la Consejer\u00eda de Derechos\nde los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas resalt\u00f3 la diversidad\ncultural ind\u00edgena en Colombia, representada por\n115 pueblos, con una poblaci\u00f3n aproximada de\n1,9 millones, equivalente al 4,4% de la poblaci\u00f3n\nnacional (DANE, 2018) [3] ; aunque se estima que\nla poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena total puede ascender a 2.3\nmillones, de acuerdo los registros del Sistema de\nMonitoreo Territorial \u2013 SMT- de la ONIC.\n\n\nEl 26 de agosto de 2022 [4], por su parte, se exalt\u00f3\nla importancia que tiene para la sociedad y el\nEstado colombiano la garant\u00eda y la protecci\u00f3n de\nla ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia ind\u00edgena. En este marco\nse reconoci\u00f3 que cerca del 33,8% de la poblaci\u00f3n\nind\u00edgena est\u00e1 ubicada en grupo etario de 0-14 a\u00f1os\n(DANE, 2018) [5] . Y, el 5 de septiembre se enalteci\u00f3\na la mujer ind\u00edgena, cuyo rol es fundamental en\nla transmisi\u00f3n del conocimiento y las pr\u00e1cticas\ntradicionales, as\u00ed como en la preservaci\u00f3n de la\nvida y la naturaleza al interior de los Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas. Se estima que, en Colombia,\nel 50,1% de la poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena corresponde a\nmujeres (DANE, 2018) [6] .\n\n\nEl per\u00edodo en revisi\u00f3n (julio-septiembre), igualmente,\nrecoge dos eventos significativos para los Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas. De una parte, est\u00e1 el inicio de\nlas acciones del nuevo gobierno, con las expectativas\nque su gesti\u00f3n ha generado, cuyas propuestas han\ntenido bastante acogida por parte del movimiento\nind\u00edgena. Por primera vez, los pueblos originarios\nse han sentido incluidos, se les est\u00e1 brindado la\noportunidad para su participaci\u00f3n, para elevar\nla voz y contribuir en la construcci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds.\n\n\n2 Asamblea de las Naciones Unidas (1994). [Resoluci\u00f3n 49/214.](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N95/767/08/PDF/N9576708.pdf)\n\n3 Departamento Nacional de Estad\u00edstica -DANE- (2018).\n\n[Censo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda \u2013 Grupos \u00c9tnicos.](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica)\n\n4 [La Ley 2132 de 2021 estableci\u00f3 e institucionaliz\u00f3 el 26 de](http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_2132_2021.html)\n\nagosto como el D\u00eda Nacional de la Ni\u00f1ez y la Adolescencia\nInd\u00edgena en Colombia.\n\n5 Departamento Nacional de Estad\u00edstica -DANE- (2018). Op. cit.\n\n6 \u00cddem.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Por otro lado, se realiz\u00f3 la presentaci\u00f3n del Informe\nFinal de la Comisi\u00f3n para el Esclarecimiento de la\nVerdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetici\u00f3n (2022) [7] .\nEn su labor de verificaci\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n sobre la memoria e historia del conflicto\narmado interno, la Comisi\u00f3n reflej\u00f3 la profundidad\ny la persistencia de la violencia en el pa\u00eds, con su\nimpacto ambiental, social, econ\u00f3mico y cultural\ndiferencial en las comunidades y los territorios\nancestrales. En el caso de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas,\nestableci\u00f3 que, del total de v\u00edctimas del conflicto\narmado, el 4,25% (384.886 personas) corresponde\na v\u00edctimas ind\u00edgenas; siendo las vulneraciones\nm\u00e1s recurrentes: el desplazamiento forzado, las\namenazas y el confinamiento [8] .\n\n\nNo obstante, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la conmemoraci\u00f3n y\nlos eventos se\u00f1alados, el Observatorio de DDHH\ncontinu\u00f3 con su labor de observancia, an\u00e1lisis e\nincidencia sobre las situaciones por afectaciones a\nlos derechos humanos (en lo sucesivo DDHH), al\nDerecho Internacional Humanitario (en lo sucesivo\nDIH) y a los Derechos de los Pueblos y Naciones\nInd\u00edgenas, permitiendo tener una visi\u00f3n m\u00e1s amplia\ndel estado actual de estos a lo largo del territorio\nnacional. \u00a1Se evidencia la persistencia de las\nsituaciones de vulneraci\u00f3n a los DDHH y al DIH\nen los territorios ind\u00edgenas! Este panorama se\nconfigura como un gran desaf\u00edo para los Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas dentro del territorio nacional,\nque siguen siendo v\u00edctimas de las din\u00e1micas y\nconflictos ajenos.\n\n\nEs as\u00ed como este informe trimestral presenta un\nan\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n de los DDHH y el DIH de\nlos Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, a nivel nacional\ny macrorregional, visibilizando aquellos hechos\nque dan cuenta de la profunda crisis humanitaria,\nas\u00ed como de las constantes amenazas a la vida, la\nautonom\u00eda y el territorio, complejizando la vida, la\narmon\u00eda y el buen vivir de nuestros comuneros y\ncomuneras, contribuyendo al deterioro cultural,\nsocial, ambiental y econ\u00f3mico. Esto recuerda la\nimportancia de la presencia eficiente del Estado\nen los territorios m\u00e1s alejados y, ahora m\u00e1s que\n\n\n7 Comisi\u00f3n para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetici\u00f3n (2022) [Hay Futuro, si hay verdad.](https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/hay-futuro-si-hay-verdad)\n[Informe Final.](https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/hay-futuro-si-hay-verdad)\n\n8 Comisi\u00f3n para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convi[vencia y la No Repetici\u00f3n (2022). Impacto del conflicto](https://archivo.comisiondelaverdad.co/la-verdad-del-pueblo-indigena)\n[armado en los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia.](https://archivo.comisiondelaverdad.co/la-verdad-del-pueblo-indigena)\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nnunca, cuando se busca \u201cLa Paz Total\u201d, para as\u00ed\nsuperar un proceso de paz, que se ha tornado\nest\u00e1tico y sin garant\u00edas, que por el contrario ha\nimpulsado la reconfiguraci\u00f3n del conflicto, facilitando\nla emergencia y presencia de actores armados\nlegales e ilegales, agudizando la violencia en los\nterritorios ancestrales.\n\n\nEs pertinente mencionar que la fuente principal de\ninformaci\u00f3n para la elaboraci\u00f3n de este informe,\ncorresponde al reporte y la sistematizaci\u00f3n de las\nafectaciones a los DDHH y al DIH realizada por\nel Observatorio de DDHH, cuya metodolog\u00eda de\nlevantamiento y an\u00e1lisis de informaci\u00f3n recoge\nfuentes primarias, a trav\u00e9s de los reportes realizados\ndirectamente por las autoridades ind\u00edgenas, las\norganizaciones filiales de la ONIC y las dem\u00e1s\norganizaciones nacionales ind\u00edgenas, as\u00ed como\nfuentes secundarias, tales como medios de\ncomunicaci\u00f3n locales, regionales y nacionales,\ncomplementada con los espacios de difusi\u00f3n al\ninterior de las organizaciones filiales de la ONIC.\n\n\nFuente: Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia, ONIC\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fuente: Observatorio de DDHH, ONIC, Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Plurinacionales, Departamento de Arauca\n\n### CONTEXTO NACIONAL\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\n##### Contexto nacional\n\n\n\n\n\nEl Observatorio de DDHH registr\u00f3, durante el tercer\ntrimestre de 2022, un total de 140 hechos de\nvulneraci\u00f3n de los DDHH y el DIH de los Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas, afectando a 11.872 ind\u00edgenas,\npertenecientes a 24 pueblos. De esta forma, en lo\nque va corrido del a\u00f1o, se han reportado 446.571\nv\u00edctimas \u2013 Ver Gr\u00e1fico 1-, siendo el segundo trimestre\nel per\u00edodo de mayor vulneraci\u00f3n a los Pueblos\nInd\u00edgenas.\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 1: V\u00edctimas reportadas, de enero a\nseptiembre de 2022\n\n\n422,866\n\n\n\nEstas cifras, que generan alarma y preocupaci\u00f3n, se\nexplican en los constantes paros armados ilegales\nocurridos a lo largo del territorio nacional o en las\nacciones derivadas, principalmente, de los hechos\nviolatorios asociados con el conflicto armado\ninterno, que impactan directamente en los territorios ancestrales. Este escenario, como tambi\u00e9n\nse expres\u00f3 en el segundo informe [9], parece ser una\nconstante en el diario vivir de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas,\nlimitando el ejercicio de nuestros derechos culturales\ny ancestrales, el fortalecimiento de nuestras propias\nestructuras pol\u00edticas, jur\u00eddicas, sociales, culturales,\nterritoriales, ambientales y econ\u00f3micas, alterando\nel orden emanado desde la Ley de Origen y de\nDerecho Mayor. En atenci\u00f3n a esto \u00faltimo, los\nPueblos Ind\u00edgenas guiamos nuestra acci\u00f3n en los\nprincipios organizativos de unidad, territorio, cultura\ny autonom\u00eda. Por tanto, se hace un llamado para la\nintervenci\u00f3n y acci\u00f3n del Estado colombiano para\nevitar da\u00f1os mayores a los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de\nColombia, evitando el exterminio f\u00edsico y cultural\nal que hemos sido condenados.\n\n\n9 Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia\n\n(2022). [Informe 02. Afectaciones a los Derechos Humanos](https://www.onic.org.co/comunicados-osv/4481-02-informe-afectaciones-a-los-derechos-humanos-en-los-pueblos-indigenas-de-colombia)\n[en los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia, segundo trimestre.](https://www.onic.org.co/comunicados-osv/4481-02-informe-afectaciones-a-los-derechos-humanos-en-los-pueblos-indigenas-de-colombia)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPrimer trimestre Segundo trimestre Tercer trimestre\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nTabla 1: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por hecho victimizante, tercer trimestre de 2022\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n|Col2|Julio|Agosto|Septiembre|Total V\u00edctimas(1)|Total Hechos|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Confinamiento|3.800|1.279|5.579|10.658|11|\n||Desplazamiento
forzado masivo|240|141|384|765|5|\n||Amenazas|(2)|99|113|212|23|\n||Infracci\u00f3n al DIH|(2)|81|4|85|6|\n||Homicidio|15|25|14|54|48|\n||Desplazamiento
forzado individual|9|6|27|42|6|\n||Otras afectaciones(3)|16|19|21|56|41|\n||TOTAL|4.080|1.650|6.142|11.872|140|\n\n\n\n(1) Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n de los hechos victimizantes.\n\n(2) No se registr\u00f3 reporte para el per\u00edodo analizado, lo cual se explica en el elevado subregistro para este tipo de afectaciones\nen el pa\u00eds.\n\n(3) Otras afectaciones: abuso de autoridad, abuso sexual, afectaci\u00f3n al Territorio, atentado, desaparici\u00f3n, estigmatizaci\u00f3n, herida\npor MAP-MUSE, hostigamiento, entre otras. Ver Anexo 01.\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC-, per\u00edodo: 01 de julio \u2013 30 de septiembre de 2022\n\n\n\nDe acuerdo con los datos previos (Ver Tabla 1),\ndurante el tercer trimestre de 2022, se identificaron\ndieciocho (18) tipos de afectaciones a los DDHH\ne infracciones al DIH de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas\nen Colombia. Estas afectaciones incluyeron,\nprincipalmente, hechos derivados de acciones\npropias del conflicto armado interno, tales como:\nconfinamiento, desplazamiento forzado masivo e\nindividual, amenazas, homicidios, entre otras. En\nel mes de septiembre se registr\u00f3 el mayor n\u00famero\nde v\u00edctimas, con un total de 6.142, seguido por julio\ncon 4.080 personas afectadas y agosto con 1.650\nv\u00edctimas; pertenecientes principalmente a la Naci\u00f3n\nEmber\u00e1 (Dobid\u00e1, Cham\u00ed, Kat\u00edo y Ey\u00e1bida) y a los\nPueblos Ind\u00edgenas Aw\u00e1 y Sikuani \u2013 Ver Gr\u00e1fico 2.\nLos departamentos con mayor afectaci\u00f3n fueron\nChoc\u00f3, Nari\u00f1o, Antioquia y Arauca (Ver Mapa 1).\n\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 2: V\u00edctimas por Pueblo Ind\u00edgena,\ntercer trimestre de 2022\n\n\n6.801\n\n\nNaci\u00f3n Ember\u00e1 Aw\u00e1 Sikuani Otros Pueblos\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mapa 1: V\u00edctimas ind\u00edgenas por departamento,\ntercer trimestre de 2022\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\nA nivel desagregado, y como se ha evidenciado de\nmanera continua a lo largo del a\u00f1o, las afectaciones por confinamiento corresponden a la mayor\nvulneraci\u00f3n reportada durante el per\u00edodo analizado,\ncon un total de 10.658 v\u00edctimas ind\u00edgenas, con\ncirculaci\u00f3n restringida dentro de sus territorios,\nequivalente al 89,8% del total de v\u00edctimas (Ver\nGr\u00e1fico 3). Este fen\u00f3meno se presenta, principalmente, por los paros armados decretados por\nlos distintos grupos al margen de la ley, complementado con la imposici\u00f3n de nuevas normas\nsociales y de conducta, dificultando el normal\ndesarrollo de las actividades de pesca, caza y\nrecolecci\u00f3n de alimentos, as\u00ed como limitando el\nacceso a las instituciones educativas, los centros\nde salud y los sitios y lugares de importancia\ncultural y espiritual.\n\nEs importante tener presente que una vulneraci\u00f3n como \u201cel confinamiento\u201d puede generar\nm\u00faltiples afectaciones en una sola comunidad.\nPor ejemplo, durante un confinamiento se vulnera\nel derecho a la libertad, a la salud, al territorio, a la\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 3: V\u00edctimas por afectaci\u00f3n, tercer\ntrimestre de 2022\n\n\n10.658\n\n\nConfinamiento Desplazamiento Amenaza Otras\nforzado afectaciones\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\nautonom\u00eda, a la educaci\u00f3n, entre otros. No todas\nestas vulneraciones son debidamente registradas\ny documentadas. Recientemente, el Observatorio\nde DDHH denunci\u00f3 y alert\u00f3 sobre el fallecimiento\nde un beb\u00e9, reci\u00e9n nacido (20 d\u00edas), perteneciente a la comunidad ind\u00edgena Ember\u00e1 D\u00f3bida,\nubicada en Guadualito Bet\u00e9, Quibd\u00f3-Choc\u00f3, quien\nno pudo recibir atenci\u00f3n en el centro m\u00e9dico\nm\u00e1s cercano, dado que los grupos armados que\noperan en la zona impidieron que la comunidad\npudiera desplazarse al casco urbano [10] .\n\n\nEl desplazamiento forzado representa el segundo\nhecho victimizante predominante, afectando a 807\nind\u00edgenas pertenecientes, principalmente, a los\nPueblos Ind\u00edgenas Aw\u00e1, Ember\u00e1 D\u00f3bida y Ember\u00e1\nKat\u00edo, ubicados en los departamentos de Choc\u00f3\ny Nari\u00f1o. Se resalta la disminuci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de\npersonas afectadas por desplazamiento forzado\n(64,8%) en comparaci\u00f3n con el segundo trimestre,\naunque sigue siendo una cifra muy elevada.\n\n\nLas amenazas y los homicidios a los l\u00edderes y\nlideresas ind\u00edgenas corresponden a eventos de\nvulneraci\u00f3n con fuerte impacto sobre las comuni\n\n10 Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia (septiembre\n\n[30 de 2022). Comunicado a la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica.](https://www.onic.org.co/comunicados-osv/4514-comunicado-a-la-opinion-publica-en-rechazo-y-condena-el-desplazamiento-de-la-comunidad-indigena-de-chuscalito-y-posterior-confinamiento-de-la-comunidades-de-playa-india-y-chuscalito-municipio-de-quibdo-choco?fbclid=IwAR3FtjJnTgnAbiMc9RZ-w__t3qutPcMmEDEcdbBCbSJfyR2huZ4hlk4b4Yk)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dades ind\u00edgenas. Para el per\u00edodo julio-septiembre\n209 ind\u00edgenas recibieron amenazas, afectando\nprincipalmente a los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Aw\u00e1 (98\nv\u00edctimas) y Nasa (100). Por su parte, se reportaron\n54 homicidios, de los cuales 23 v\u00edctimas pertenec\u00edan al Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Aw\u00e1, 12 v\u00edctimas al\nPueblo Nasa y 7 al Pueblo Wayuu.\n\n\nEn suma, el an\u00e1lisis de los hechos de vulneraci\u00f3n a los DDHH y al DIH reportados durante lo\ncorrido de 2022 permiten concluir la continuidad\ny la exacerbaci\u00f3n de la violencia y el conflicto\narmado en Colombia y por ende, el agravamiento\nde la crisis humanitaria, dejando una vez m\u00e1s en\nevidencia la ausencia del Estado en los territorios\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\n\u00e9tnicos ancestrales, ubicados en los departamentos de la periferia y en zonas de la frontera, sobre\ntodo en aquellos lugares donde existe un alto\ngrado de vulnerabilidad como la regi\u00f3n Pac\u00edfico,\nnoroccidental y centro-sur, incluyendo los territorios fronterizos con Venezuela. Esta situaci\u00f3n\nafecta sustancialmente la autonom\u00eda territorial,\nas\u00ed como los derechos humanos, fundamentales\ny colectivos de los Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas.\n\n\nFuente: Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia, ONIC\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fuente: Observatorio de DDHH, ONIC, Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Plurinacionales, Puerto Carre\u00f1o, Vichada\n\n### CONTEXTO MACROREGIONAL\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Contexto macrorregional\n\nEn el entendido que uno de los elementos que\nsubyacen en los conflictos al interior de los territorios ind\u00edgenas corresponde a la constante lucha\npor la autonom\u00eda territorial, la participaci\u00f3n y la\nrepresentaci\u00f3n, a lo que suma la diversidad de\nnuestros Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, para este\nper\u00edodo, el Observatorio de DDHH se permite\nexaltar a las organizaciones filiales y Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas participantes en el proceso\norganizativo de la ONIC, quienes contribuyen en\nla documentaci\u00f3n y el seguimiento de las distintas\nsituaciones y hechos violatorios de los DDHH y\nel DIH de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas en sus territorios\nancestrales, para su correspondiente visibilizaci\u00f3n\ny atenci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEs importante mencionar que las organizaciones\nfiliales y los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas que integran la\nestructura organizativa de la ONIC, en cada una\nde las macros, son los primeros respondientes\nante cualquier acci\u00f3n que afecte a los derechos\nhumanos y fundamentales de los Pueblos y\nNaciones Ind\u00edgenas en los territorios ancestrales, sin embargo esta labor de recepci\u00f3n de la\ndenuncia, la sistematizaci\u00f3n, la visibilizaci\u00f3n y el\nseguimiento de los hechos es compleja y diferencial, tal como se presentar\u00e1 en el an\u00e1lisis por\nmacrorregi\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn t\u00e9rminos generales, los actos violatorios a los\nDDHH y al DIH se concentraron en la macro\nOccidente, registrando 107 hechos (76,4% del\ntotal), con 10.845 v\u00edctimas, con especial efecto\nsobre los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas asentados en los\ndepartamentos de Antioquia, Cauca, Choc\u00f3 y\nNari\u00f1o; seguida por la macro Amazon\u00eda con 13\neventos, con 30 personas afectadas por hechos\nperpetrados en Amazonas, Caquet\u00e1 y Putumayo,\nprincipalmente. En tercer lugar, se encuentra\nla macro Norte con 10 hechos, con 12 personas\nafectadas en Cesar, C\u00f3rdoba y La Guajira. Por\n\u00faltimo, se ubica la macro Orinoqu\u00eda con 7 vulneraciones y 982 v\u00edctimas en Arauca y la macro\nCentro Oriente con 3 eventos y 3 v\u00edctimas en\nNorte de Santander \u2013 Ver Gr\u00e1fico 4.\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 4: Hechos victimizantes por macrorregi\u00f3n, tercer trimestre de 2022.\n\n\n107\n\n|Col1|Col2|13|10|7|3|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n||Occidente|Amazon\u00eda|Norte|Orinoqu\u00eda|Centro Oriente|\n|V\u00edctimas|10.845|30|12|982|3|\n\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n##### Macro Centro-Oriente\n\n\nDe acuerdo con lo anterior, el ejercicio organizativo\nde la ONIC en esta regi\u00f3n est\u00e1 soportado en las\nsiguientes organizaciones filiales: el Cabildo Alto\nSan Jorge (C\u00f3rdoba), Cabildos Mayores Ember\u00e1\nKat\u00edo del Alto Sin\u00fa - CAMAEMKA (C\u00f3rdoba),\nla Organizaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena de Antioquia - OIA\n(Antioquia), el Consejo Regional Ind\u00edgena de\nCaldas - CRIDEC (Caldas), el Consejo Regional\nInd\u00edgena de Risaralda - CRIR (Risaralda), la\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Regional Ind\u00edgena del Quind\u00edo ORIQUIN (Quind\u00edo), la Organizaci\u00f3n Regional\nInd\u00edgena del Valle del Cauca - ORIVAC (Valle\ndel Cauca), la Asociaci\u00f3n de Cabildos Ind\u00edgenas\ndel Valle del Cauca Regi\u00f3n Pac\u00edfico - ACIVA R.P.\n(Valle del Cauca), el Consejo Regional Ind\u00edgena\ndel Huila - CRIHU (Huila), la Asociaci\u00f3n de\nCabildos Ind\u00edgenas Eperara Siapidaara de\nNari\u00f1o - ACIESNA (Nari\u00f1o), la Unidad Ind\u00edgena\ndel Pueblo Aw\u00e1 - UNIPA (Nari\u00f1o), el Cabildo\nMayor Aw\u00e1 de Ricaurte - CAMAWARI (Nari\u00f1o),\nla Asociaci\u00f3n de Cabildos Ind\u00edgenas Ember\u00e1,\nWounaan, Kat\u00edo, Cham\u00ed y Tule del departamento\ndel Choc\u00f3 - ASOREWA (Choc\u00f3), la Federaci\u00f3n de\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Asociaciones de Cabildos Ind\u00edgenas del departamento del Choc\u00f3 - FEDEOREWA (Choc\u00f3), el\nConsejo Regional Ind\u00edgena del Choc\u00f3 - CRICH\n(Choc\u00f3), la Organizaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena del Territorio\nPasto - OITP (Nari\u00f1o) y ASOKAT\u00cdO (Choc\u00f3).\n\n\nEn complemento, debe indicarse que en los territorios de la macro occidente hacen presencia otras\norganizaciones nacionales ind\u00edgenas, tal como:\nGobierno Mayor con acci\u00f3n en los departamentos\ndel Cauca, Huila, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia, Choc\u00f3,\nRisaralda, Nari\u00f1o y Quind\u00edo; Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas\nde Colombia \u2013AICO \u201cPor la Pacha Mama\u201d y el\nConsejo Regional Ind\u00edgena del Cauca \u2013 CRIC-.\nEl CRIC agrupa a m\u00e1s del 90% de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas del departamento del Cauca,\norganizadas en 115 Cabildos y 11 Asociaciones\nde Cabildos, divididas en 9 zonas estrat\u00e9gicas.\nEstas organizaciones han debido hacer frente\na la continua vulneraci\u00f3n de los DDDHH y el\nDIH en sus territorios ancestrales, a pesar de las\n\u00f3rdenes impartidas por la Corte Constitucional en\nel Auto 004 del 2009 [11], con ocasi\u00f3n de los hechos\nrelacionados con el conflicto armado interno,\nampliando el marco de protecci\u00f3n constitucional\npara 32 Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas en el pa\u00eds, entre los\nque se encuentran: Nasa, Aw\u00e1, Ember\u00e1-Kat\u00edo,\nEmber\u00e1-Dobid\u00e1, Ember\u00e1-Cham\u00ed, Wounaan, Pijao\ny Eperara Siapidara. No obstante, estos Pueblos\na\u00fan siguen enfrentando la vulneraci\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica\ny desproporcionada de sus derechos individuales y colectivos, en el marco de la disputa por\nel control territorial por parte de los distintos\nactores armados.\n\n\nPara el tercer trimestre, el Observatorio de DDHH\nregistr\u00f3 107 hechos victimizantes, equivalentes al\n76,4% del total de hechos reportados. El homicidio\ncorresponde al evento m\u00e1s recurrente, con 35\nreportes y 39 v\u00edctimas, seguido por las amenazas,\ncon 15 eventos, los atentados con 13 reportes y\nel confinamiento con 10 eventos \u2013 Ver Gr\u00e1fico 5.\n\n\n11 [Auto 004 de 09. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/autos/2009/a004-09.htm)\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nGr\u00e1fico 5: Hechos victimizantes en macro\noccidente, tercer trimestre de 2022.\n\n36\n\n33\n\n\n15\n\n13\n\n10\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Homicidio|Amenazas|Atentado|Confinamiento|Otras
afectaciones|\n|V\u00edctimas|39|201|15|9.682|908|\n\n\n\n - Las otras afectaciones pueden ser consultadas en el Anexo 3.\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n###### Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Aw\u00e1: Una crisis humanitaria persistente\n\n\nDentro de los hechos reportados durante este\ntrimestre se resaltan las constantes violaciones\na los DDHH del Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Aw\u00e1, quienes\ncontin\u00faan siendo v\u00edctimas de la presencia\ny el accionar de diferentes grupos. Frente\na esto, las autoridades tradicionales de la\norganizaci\u00f3n Unidad Ind\u00edgena del Pueblo Aw\u00e1\n\n - UNIPA, mediante comunicado 015 del 2022,\ndenunci\u00f3 la presencia de hombres armados\nque est\u00e1n reteniendo contra su voluntad a los\ny las j\u00f3venes ind\u00edgenas, independiente que\nse encuentren al interior de su hogar o en la\nrealizaci\u00f3n de sus labores diarias, para ser\ndesaparecidos y posteriormente asesinados [12] .\nEn particular, se han reportados las siguientes\nv\u00edctimas:\n\n\n12 Unidad Ind\u00edgena del Pueblo Aw\u00e1 -UNIPA- (septiembre\n\n29 de 2022). [Comunicado 015 de 2022, A la comunidad](https://www.onic.org.co/images/noticias/2022/Comunicado_015_de_2022.pdf)\n[nacional e internacional.](https://www.onic.org.co/images/noticias/2022/Comunicado_015_de_2022.pdf)\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- 14 de septiembre: Leonicio Taicus Canticus\n(37 a\u00f1os), miembro del Resguardo Aw\u00e1\nSangulp\u00ed Palmar, jurisdicci\u00f3n del municipio\nde Tumaco, Nari\u00f1o.\n\n\n- 21 de septiembre: Diocelino Garc\u00eda Bisbicus\n(25 a\u00f1os), miembro del Resguardo Aw\u00e1\nSaund\u00e9 Guigay, jurisdicci\u00f3n del municipio\nde Tumaco, Nari\u00f1o.\n\n\n- 23 de septiembre: Arturo Garc\u00eda (36 a\u00f1os),\nmiembro del Resguardo Aw\u00e1 Pulgande\nTronquer\u00eda, jurisdicci\u00f3n del municipio de\nBarbacoas, Nari\u00f1o.\n\n\nIgualmente, UNIPA ha expresado que no hay\ngarant\u00edas de seguridad por parte del Estado.\nLa presencia en los territorios ind\u00edgenas de\nla Fuerza P\u00fablica no ha contribuido al cese\nde este tipo de retenciones, por el contrario,\nse convierte, en ocasiones, en otro actor\nvulnerador de los derechos individuales y\ncolectivos.\n\n\nFuente: UNIPA, organizaci\u00f3n filial de ONIC\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n##### Macro Norte\n\n\nEn esta macrorregi\u00f3n, la acci\u00f3n de la ONIC est\u00e1\nacompa\u00f1ada con las organizaciones filiales: la\nAsociaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena de la Guajira Waya Wayuu\n(La Guajira), la Asociaci\u00f3n de Jefes Familiares\nWayuu de la Zona Norte de la Alta Guajira\nWayuu ARAURAYU (La Guajira), la Asociaci\u00f3n\nde Alaulayu y Cabildos Ind\u00edgenas Wayuu del\nSur de la Guajira - AACIWASUG (La Guajira),\nla Organizaci\u00f3n Wayuu Painwashi (La Guajira),\nla Asociaci\u00f3n Cabildo Ind\u00edgena del Resguardo\nWayuu de Mayabangloma (La Guajira), la Organizaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena de la Guajira Yanama (La Guajira),\nla Organizaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena Kankuama - Cabildo\nInd\u00edgena del Resguardo Kankuamo, el Pueblo\nYukpa (Cesar), el Pueblo Chimila (Magdalena), el\nCabildo Mayor Regional del Pueblo Zen\u00fa (C\u00f3rdoba\ny Sucre), el Resguardo Yuma las Piedras (Sucre),\nla Organizaci\u00f3n Wiwa Yugumaiun Bunkuanarrua\nTayrona - OWYBT (Cesar y La Guajira) y el Pueblo\nMokan\u00e1 (Atl\u00e1ntico).\n\n\nIgualmente, hacen presencia otras organizaciones\nind\u00edgenas, como: la Confederaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena Tayrona\n\n- CIT-, la cual protege el territorio de los Pueblos\nInd\u00edgenas de la Sierra Nevada -Arhuacos, Koguis\ny Wiwas-. La CIT es responsable, en su ejercicio\nde observaci\u00f3n y monitoreo, de recepcionar los\nhechos violatorios a los derechos humanos en\nestos territorios ancestrales.\n\n\nNo obstante, esta multiplicidad de actores que\npueden contribuir a la entrega de informaci\u00f3n\nvaliosa y continua sobre la situaci\u00f3n de DDHH en\nlos territorios ancestrales, las dif\u00edciles condiciones del territorio, las limitaciones de acceso a las\ntecnolog\u00edas y a las comunicaciones, las distancias\nentre las comunidades, complejiza la denuncia\ny la documentaci\u00f3n de los hechos violatorios a\nlos DDHH y al DIH desde los territorios. Esta\nsituaci\u00f3n, que aumenta el subregistro anunciado\nen informes anteriores, se mantuvo para el actual\ntrimestre.\n\n\nDe acuerdo con un miembro y l\u00edder del Pueblo\nZen\u00fa, con qui\u00e9n se analiz\u00f3 la situaci\u00f3n de los\nderechos humanos, la mayor dificultad que se\npresenta en los territorios ancestrales yace en la\npresencia del grupo armado ilegal Autodefensas\nGaitanistas de Colombia -AGC-, cuya acci\u00f3n altera\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "la armon\u00eda territorial y desestabiliza la autonom\u00eda.\nEsto obedece al no reconocimiento y aplicaci\u00f3n por\nparte de este grupo de los principios universales\ndel DIH y de los contenidos en el marco jur\u00eddico\nnacional e internacional para la protecci\u00f3n de\nlos Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas. Las AGC han\nquerido imponer sus normas de conducta en el\nterritorio Zen\u00fa, para lo cual se han servido de\namenazas extendidas a las autoridades menores,\nlos l\u00edderes y las lideresas, mediante panfletos o\nllamadas intimidantes.\n\n\nEn este panorama, el Observatorio de DDHH registr\u00f3\ndiez hechos de vulneraci\u00f3n, con un total de 12\nv\u00edctimas, siendo afectados los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas\nWayuu, Zen\u00fa y Yukpa (Ver Tabla 2). Dentro de\nlas afectaciones se encuentran: 4 amenazas, 5\nhomicidios y 1 desplazamiento de miembros del\nPueblo Wayuu.\n\n\nTabla 2: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes\npor hecho victimizante macro norte, tercer\ntrimestre 2022\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|Total|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n|Amenaza|4|4|\n|Desplazamiento|1|1|\n|Homicidio|7|5|\n|Total|12|10|\n\n\n\n*Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n\nde los hechos. Fuente: Observatorio de Derechos\n\nHumanos, ONIC\n\n###### Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Wayuu: en constante abandono estatal\n\n\nDe acuerdo con el DANE (2018) [13], La Guajira\nalberga una poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena de 394.683 [14], de\nla cual el 94,0% se autoreconoce como perteneciente al Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Wayuu. El Pueblo\n\n\n13 Departamento Nacional de Estad\u00edstica -DANE- (2018).\n\nOp. Cit.\n\n14 Es importante tener presente que este valor es\n\naproximado, considerando las omisiones censales en\n2018 y la variaci\u00f3n presentada en el per\u00edodo 2018-2022.\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nWayuu, pese a los distintos instrumentos jur\u00eddicos\n\n - normativos existentes para la protecci\u00f3n y\ngarant\u00eda de los derechos fundamentales de la\npoblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena - Sentencia T-025 de 2017 [15],\nAuto 266 de 2017 [16], Auto 004 de 2009 [17], Auto\n005 de 2009 [18] y T-302 de 2017 [19] - sigue siendo\nobjeto de violaciones al derecho a la vida, la\nintegridad f\u00edsica, la libertad, la seguridad, la\neducaci\u00f3n, al territorio, la autogobernanza y\nla soberan\u00eda alimentaria de los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as.\nEsta situaci\u00f3n ha generado un deterioro en\nla armon\u00eda espiritual, territorial y ancestral,\nincrementando el riesgo de extinci\u00f3n f\u00edsica\ny cultural.\n\n\nA lo anterior, se suma los actos violatorios\nde los DDHH por parte de grupos armados\nilegales. Se resalta el caso presentado el 09\nde septiembre de 2022, d\u00eda en que hombres\narmados, de un grupo no identificado, le arrebataron la vida a dos miembros de la comunidad\nJaika \u2013 Kalincho, ubicada en el municipio de\nUribia \u2013 Guajira. Este tipo de hechos causan\nm\u00faltiples afectaciones, dado que han conllevado\nal desplazamiento de otros miembros de esta\ncomunidad hacia otros territorios para salvaguardar sus vidas.\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\n15 [Sentencia T-025 de 2017. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2017/T-025-17.htm)\n\n16 [Auto 266 de 2017. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/autos/2017/a266-17.htm)\n\n17 [Auto 004 de 2009. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/autos/2009/a004-09.htm)\n\n18 [Auto 005 de 2009. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/autos/2009/a005-09.htm)\n\n19 [Sentencia T-302 de 2017. Corte Constitucional.](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2017/t-302-17.htm)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Macro Amazon\u00eda\n\nLa ONIC cuenta con varias filiales en la Amazon\u00eda\ncolombiana, facilitando su proceso de di\u00e1logo y\nconstrucci\u00f3n con los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas que se\nubican en esta regi\u00f3n. Entre las organizaciones se\nencuentra: la Asociaci\u00f3n de Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas\nde La Pedrera Amazonas - AIPEA (Amazonas), la\nAsociaci\u00f3n de Cabildos Ind\u00edgenas del Trapecio\nAmaz\u00f3nico - ACITAM (Amazonas), la Asociaci\u00f3n\nde Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas Ticuna, Cocama y Yagua\n\n- ATICOYA (Amazonas), la Asociaci\u00f3n Zonal de\nConsejo de Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas de Tradici\u00f3n\nAut\u00f3ctono - AZCAITA (Amazonas), la Asociaci\u00f3n\nZonal Ind\u00edgena de Cabildos y Autoridades Tradicionales de La Chorrera Amazonas - AZICATCH\n(Amazonas), la Asociaci\u00f3n de Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas\nde Tarapac\u00e1 Amazonas - ASOAINTAM (Amazonas),\nel Consejo Ind\u00edgena Mayor del Pueblo Murui CIMPUM (Amazonas), el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena Mayor\nde Tarapac\u00e1 - CIMTAR (Amazonas), la Asociaci\u00f3n\nde Autoridades Tradicionales Ind\u00edgenas del Consejo\nRegional Ind\u00edgena del Orteguaza Medio Caquet\u00e1\n\n- CRIOMC (Caquet\u00e1), el Cabildo Mayor Ind\u00edgena\nInga (Putumayo), el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena Kaments\u00e1\nBiy\u00e1 (Putumayo) y la Comunidad Ind\u00edgena Jaieni\nDiona Portal Fraguita (Caquet\u00e1).\n\n\nAdicionalmente, hace presencia la Organizaci\u00f3n\nNacional de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de la Amazonia\nColombiana \u2013OPIAC-. En su labor de velar por la\ngarant\u00eda de los derechos los 64 Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas\nasentados en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana, la OPIAC\nha iniciado la construcci\u00f3n del Observatorio de\nDerechos Humanos, el cual permitir\u00e1 disponer de\ninformaci\u00f3n sobre la actual situaci\u00f3n en materia\nde derechos humanos, mitigando el bajo nivel de\nreporte que caracteriza a esta macrorregi\u00f3n, producto\nde la ausencia de condiciones de seguridad y la\nfalta de conectividad en el territorio, limitando el\nejercicio de denuncia, verificaci\u00f3n, seguimiento\ny monitoreo.\n\n\nEn este panorama, el Observatorio de DDHH de\nla ONIC registr\u00f3 un total de 13 actos de vulneraci\u00f3n a los derechos humanos, con 30 v\u00edctimas de\norigen ind\u00edgena, representando el 9,3% del total\nreportado en este tercer trimestre (Ver Tabla 3).\nEntre los hechos a destacar est\u00e1 el homicidio de\nun joven menor de edad (17 a\u00f1os), miembro del\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nResguardo Ind\u00edgena de Agua Negra del Pueblo\nInd\u00edgena Coreguaje, ubicado en municipio de\nMil\u00e1n, Caquet\u00e1, por parte de actores armados [20] .\nA este hecho, se suma la masacre que caus\u00f3\nla muerte de dos ind\u00edgenas pertenecientes al\nPueblo Ind\u00edgena Aw\u00e1 en el municipio del Valle del\nGuamuez, departamento de Putumayo. Estos dos\ncompa\u00f1eros fueron reportados como desaparecidos el pasado 14 de agosto, en la vereda Brisas\ndel Palmar, en jurisdicci\u00f3n del mismo municipio [21] .\n\n\nTabla 3: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por\nhecho victimizante macro Amazon\u00eda, tercer\ntrimestre 2022\n\n|Col1|Afectaci\u00f3n *|Total|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Afectaci\u00f3n *|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n||Homicidio|5|4|\n||Amenaza|4|3|\n||Desplazamiento|14|2|\n||Desaparici\u00f3n|4|1|\n|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|1|1|\n|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|1|1|\n|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|Abuso autoridad
1
Atentado
1
Hostigamiento
1|1|1|\n||Total|30|13|\n\n\n\n*Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n\nde los hechos. Fuente: Observatorio de Derechos\n\nHumanos, ONIC\n\n\n[20 Infobae (septiembre 7 de 2022). Un ind\u00edgena, menor de](https://www.infobae.com/america/colombia/2022/09/07/un-indigena-menor-de-edad-fue-asesinado-en-el-caqueta/)\n\nedad, fue asesinado en el Caquet\u00e1.\n\n21 [Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo y la Paz (agosto](https://www.instagram.com/p/Ch7F3jxOd6x/?hl=es)\n\n31 de 2022). Masacre No 73.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Macro Orinoqu\u00eda\n\nLa presencia de organizaciones en la Orinoqu\u00eda\ncolombiana, una de las regiones con mayor\nextensi\u00f3n territorial, est\u00e1 representada por el\nConsejo Regional Ind\u00edgena del Vichada -CRIVI(Vichada), la Organizaci\u00f3n Regional Ind\u00edgena de\nCasanare -ORIC- (Casanare), la Asociaci\u00f3n de\nCabildos y Autoridades Tradicionales Ind\u00edgenas del\nDepartamento de Arauca -ASCATIDAR- (Arauca)\ny la Asociaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena UNUMA (Meta). Estas\nfiliales regionales han expresado las dificultades\npara realizar el reporte de hechos de vulneraci\u00f3n\ndebido a la ausencia de condiciones de seguridad,\nla baja o nula conectividad y el dif\u00edcil acceso a\nlos territorios m\u00e1s alejados.\n\n\nTabla 4: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por\nhecho victimizante macro Orinoqu\u00eda, tercer\ntrimestre 2022\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|Total|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n|Amenaza|3|3|\n|Confinamiento|976|1|\n|Homicidio|3|3|\n|Total|982|7|\n\n\n\n*Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n\nde los hechos. Fuente: Observatorio de Derechos\n\nHumanos, ONIC\n\n\nEn labor conjunta con estas organizaciones, el\nObservatorio de DDHH registr\u00f3 la ocurrencia\nde 7 hechos violatorios de los DDHH y el DIH,\nafectando a los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Macagu\u00e1n,\nSikuani y Betoy ubicados en el departamento\nde Arauca (Ver Tabla 4). Entre los hechos que\ngener\u00f3 m\u00e1s v\u00edctimas fue el confinamiento reportado\nen julio, originado por los enfrentamientos entre\ngrupos armados en zona rural del municipio de\nTame, departamento de Arauca. Este evento afect\u00f3\nprincipalmente al Resguardo la Esperanza, dado el\nalto riesgo de desplazamiento masivo, el limitado\nacceso a los servicios b\u00e1sicos y la agudizaci\u00f3n\nde la inseguridad alimentaria.\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nOtro hecho que gener\u00f3 rechazo y condena por\nparte de la Consejer\u00eda de Derechos de los Pueblos\nInd\u00edgenas corresponde al asesinato de un joven\n(22 a\u00f1os), miembro del Resguardo Velasquero del\nPueblo Ind\u00edgena Betoy, ubicado en zona rural entre\nlas Veredas Betoyes y Flor amarillo, jurisdicci\u00f3n\ndel Municipio de Tame, por parte de un grupo\nguerrillero. Este hecho, ocurri\u00f3 en presencia de la\nfamilia y de algunos ni\u00f1os menores, el pasado 15\nde septiembre, generando p\u00e1nico y consternaci\u00f3n\nen la comunidad [22] .\n\n###### Departamento de Arauca: una mirada a la situaci\u00f3n de los DDHH\n\n\nEl Observatorio de DDHH entabl\u00f3 di\u00e1logo\ncon un joven l\u00edder ind\u00edgena, perteneciente a\nla organizaci\u00f3n ASCATIDAR (Arauca). En su\nrelato, este l\u00edder [23] expresa que la situaci\u00f3n de\nDDHH en su territorio es compleja, principalmente, explicada en la presencia de grupos\nal margen de ley y la ausencia del Estado.\nEl enfrentamiento de estos armados genera\nm\u00faltiples afectaciones sobre las comunidades\nind\u00edgenas, incluyendo el reclutamiento de j\u00f3venes\nind\u00edgenas para engrosar sus filas. Los y las\nj\u00f3venes ind\u00edgenas perciben el ingreso a estos\ngrupos como una aparente alternativa para\nmejorar sus condiciones de vida. As\u00ed mismo,\nestos grupos han incrementado las amenazas\na los l\u00edderes y lideresas ind\u00edgenas, exigi\u00e9ndoles\ncolaboraci\u00f3n en especie o econ\u00f3mica, a cambio\nde su vida. A esto se suma el dif\u00edcil acceso a\nlos territorios. No existen v\u00edas que permitan\nacciones concretas desde la institucionalidad,\nlas organizaciones no gubernamentales o las\norganizaciones regionales.\n\n\n22 Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia (septiembre\n\n[26 de 2022). Comunicado a la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica.](https://www.onic.org.co/comunicados-osv/4505-comunicado-a-la-opinion-publica-rechazo-y-condena-a-las-amenazas-contra-la-vida-e-integridad-de-nuestras-autoridades-menores-lideres-y-lideresas-del-pueblo-zenu)\n\n23 Por protecci\u00f3n no se revela el nombre de nuestro\n\njoven l\u00edder ind\u00edgena.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Continuando con la narrativa surgi\u00f3 la interrogante \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no se reportan los eventos\nde vulneraci\u00f3n a los DDHH?. Nuestro l\u00edder,\nluego de un profundo suspir\u00f3, indica que\nexisten dos motivos. El primero \u201cel miedo\u201d,\nla denuncia desde el territorio puede generar\nrepresalias hacia nuestra integridad y la de\nnuestras familias por parte de los actores\narmados. Y el segundo motivo \u201cla normalizaci\u00f3n\u201d. Las comunidades han normalizado la\npresencia y el actuar ilegal de estos grupos\nal interior de nuestros territorios. Tristemente,\n\u201caprendimos a convivir con ellos\u201d.\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n##### Macro Centro-Oriente\n\n\nEn la macro centro-oriente, la presencia de la ONIC\nest\u00e1 soportada con las organizaciones filiales:\nel Consejo Regional Ind\u00edgena del Tolima - CRIT\n(Tolima); la Asociaci\u00f3n de Autoridades Tradicionales\ny Cabildos U\u2019wa - ASO\u2019UWA (Norte de Santander,\nBoyac\u00e1 y Arauca), la Asociaci\u00f3n de Autoridades\nTradicionales del Pueblo Bar\u00ed - \u00d1ATUBAIYIBAR\u00cd\n(Norte de Santander), el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena de la\nComunidad Muisca de Bosa (Cundinamarca), el\nResguardo Muisca de Cota, el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena de\nLa Comunidad Muisca de Sesquil\u00e9, el Resguardo\nInd\u00edgena Muisca de Fonquet\u00e1 y Cerca de Piedra\n(Ch\u00eda), el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena de la Comunidad Muisca\nde Suba (Cundinamarca), el Cabildo Ind\u00edgena Inga\nde Bogot\u00e1 (Cundinamarca) y la Comunidad Dachi\nDrua (Santander), organizaciones que desde su\nlabor como autoridades regionales velan por la\ngarant\u00eda de los derechos de sus comunidades\nlocales.\n\n\nPara este trimestre, el Observatorio de DDHH\nregistr\u00f3 solo tres hechos violatorios a los DDHH\ny al DIH, con 3 v\u00edctimas pertenecientes al Pueblo\nInd\u00edgena Bar\u00ed, ubicado en el departamento de\nNorte de Santander -Ver tabla 5.\n\n\nTabla 5: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por\nhecho victimizante macro centro-oriente,\ntercer trimestre 2022\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|Total|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n *|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n al territorio|1|1|\n|Infracci\u00f3n al DIH|1|1|\n|Hostigamiento|3|3|\n|Total|5|5|\n\n\n\n*Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n\nde los hechos. Fuente: Observatorio de Derechos\n\nHumanos, ONIC\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La revisi\u00f3n de la din\u00e1mica en lo corrido del a\u00f1o\nen esta macrorregi\u00f3n permite establecer:\n\n\n- Las comunidades afiliadas a las organizaciones\nregionales Cabildo Ind\u00edgena Inga de Bogot\u00e1 y\nal Pueblo Muisca de Bosa, Suba, Ch\u00eda, Sesquil\u00e9\ny Cota no est\u00e1n siendo v\u00edctimas directas del\nconflicto armado, en tanto est\u00e1n ubicadas en\nla zona centro del pa\u00eds, donde hay una baja\noperaci\u00f3n de los grupos al margen de ley.\nEsta situaci\u00f3n contrasta con la realidad experimentada por las comunidades ind\u00edgenas de\nlos Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Bar\u00ed y Yukpa, asentados\nen los departamentos de Santander y Norte\nde Santander. No obstante, debe mencionarse\nque existen situaciones de vulneraci\u00f3n de los\nderechos humanos o derechos fundamentales que\ndeben ser enfrentadas por un Pueblo Ind\u00edgena\nen contexto de ciudad (Caso Pueblo Muisca e\nInga), quienes son v\u00edctimas de discriminaci\u00f3n,\nxenofobia, vulneraci\u00f3n al derecho fundamental a\nla consulta previa, libre e informada y violaci\u00f3n\nal derecho fundamental a la salud, la educaci\u00f3n,\nel trabajo, entre otras afectaciones.\n\n\n- Las autoridades tradicionales en esta macrorregi\u00f3n no est\u00e1n reportando las situaciones\nde vulneraci\u00f3n a los DDHH y al DIH debido,\nprincipalmente, a las consecuencias que esto\ngenerar\u00eda sobre la integridad individual o colectiva.\nIgualmente, se est\u00e1 frente a la normalizaci\u00f3n\nde la presencia y actuar de actores armados\nilegales. Al respecto, retomando las palabras\nde una autoridad del Pueblo Bar\u00ed, la denuncia\n\n - puesta en conocimiento p\u00fablico de cualquier\nevento de vulneraci\u00f3n de los derechos individuales o colectivos acarrea problemas con\n\u201clos jefes de estos grupos ilegales [...] nosotros\nestamos entre la espada y la pared, en medio\nde una guerra absurda que parece no tener\nfinal\u201d (2022).\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n###### Pueblo Bar\u00ed: en asamblea permanente\n\n\nEl pasado 17,18 y 19 de septiembre 2022, las 23\nautoridades del Pueblo Bar\u00ed se declararon en\nAsamblea Permanente, ante la dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3n\nde orden p\u00fablico registrada en el sector del\nR\u00edo de Oro, regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo, debido\nal aumento de la presencia, uso, ocupaci\u00f3n\ny acciones de actores armados ilegales en\nterritorio ancestral, vulnerando los derechos\nhumanos y territoriales, aumentando el riesgo\nde exterminio f\u00edsico y cultural de la Naci\u00f3n\nBar\u00ed. En esta regi\u00f3n operan varios grupos al\nmargen de la ley, como el Ej\u00e9rcito de Liberaci\u00f3n\nNacional -ELN-, el Ej\u00e9rcito Popular de Liberaci\u00f3n\n-EPL-, las disidencias de las FARC-EP, los\ncuales amenazan directamente los derechos\nhumanos y territoriales,\n\n\nMediante el Comunicado 0032 \u2013 2022 [24],\nemitido el 22 de septiembre, la Asociaci\u00f3n\nde Autoridades Tradicionales del Pueblo Bar\u00ed\n\n - \u00d1ATUBAIYIBAR\u00cd \u2013 denunci\u00f3 p\u00fablicamente\nla intimidaci\u00f3n proferida por estos grupos\narmados, a trav\u00e9s de retenes, restricci\u00f3n al\npaso, requisas, solicitud de datos, generando\nconfinamiento en las comunidades ind\u00edgenas,\nlimitando la libre pr\u00e1ctica de sus actividades\nculturales y econ\u00f3micas.\n\n\nFuente: Organizaci\u00f3n Nacional Ind\u00edgena de Colombia, ONIC\n\n\n24 Asociaci\u00f3n de Autoridades Tradicionales del Pueblo Bar\u00ed\n\n[(septiembre 22 de 2022). Comunicado 00322022.](https://www.onic.org.co/comunicados-osv/4502-comunicado-0032-2022-asociacion-de-autoridades-tradicionales-del-pueblo-bari)\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC, Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Plurinacionales en Arauca.\n\n### CONSIDERACIONES FINALES\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Consideraciones finales\n\nLa Consejer\u00eda de Derechos de los Pueblos ind\u00edgenas,\nDerechos Humanos y Paz de la ONIC, por medio\ndel Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, continuar\u00e1\ntrabajando en denunciar y visibilizar las afectaciones de los Derechos Humanos de los Pueblos\ny Naciones Ind\u00edgenas y el Derecho Internacional\nHumanitario, por que, sin duda a trav\u00e9s de esta\nardua labor, bajo la luz de los principios de unidad,\nterritorio, cultura y autonom\u00eda, se est\u00e1 aportando\nal cese de las violencias sistem\u00e1ticas en territorios\nancestrales.\n\n\nEs importante dejar presente que en este tercer\ntrimestre las cifras no son alentadoras, a\u00fan se\nobserva la continua vulneraci\u00f3n a los derechos\nhumanos individuales y colectivos de los Pueblos\ny Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, cuyo principal detonante ha\nsido la persistencia del conflicto armado interno,\nprincipalmente, en los territorios del occidente\ncolombiano, en los departamentos de Choc\u00f3,\nAntioquia, Valle del Cauca y Nari\u00f1o, elevando el\nriesgo de exterminio f\u00edsico y cultural de las naciones\noriginarias. A esto debe sumarse, el limitando el\nejercicio de denuncia, verificaci\u00f3n, seguimiento y\nmonitoreo de todas las afectaciones de los derechos\nhumanos y el derecho internacional humanitario\npara Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, debido a la\nausencia de condiciones de seguridad y la falta\nde conectividad en el territorio y/o el dif\u00edcil acceso\na los territorios m\u00e1s alejados. Esta situaci\u00f3n es\npalpable a lo largo del territorio nacional.\n\n\nDe otra parte, debe notarse que existe una creciente\nmigraci\u00f3n o desplazamiento, forzado o voluntario, de\nlos miembros de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas desde sus\nterritorios ancestrales hac\u00eda el centro del pa\u00eds. Los\ny las ind\u00edgenas arriban sin ning\u00fan tipo de garant\u00eda\ny con m\u00faltiples limitaciones para la atenci\u00f3n de sus\nnecesidades b\u00e1sicas. No se dispone de acceso a\nvivienda digna, fuentes de recursos econ\u00f3micos, a\nlos servicios p\u00fablicos b\u00e1sicos y al sistema de salud\ny educaci\u00f3n. Ante esta problem\u00e1tica se evidencia\nla omisi\u00f3n estatal en cuanto a acciones afirmativas\nque permitan mantener la identidad \u00e9tnica - cultural\nde estas comunidades.\n\n\nComo se ha reiterado en los an\u00e1lisis trimestrales\nprevios, la Consejer\u00eda de Derechos de los Pueblos\nind\u00edgenas, Derechos Humanos y Paz hace un llamado\na la unidad, al di\u00e1logo, a la no violencia y a la\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nno discriminaci\u00f3n contra los Pueblos y Naciones\nInd\u00edgenas, a trabajar de la mano con el Gobierno.\nAs\u00ed mismo, se reitera el llamado de URGENCIA a\nlas autoridades del orden nacional y local para la\nefectiva articulaci\u00f3n, conforme con los principios\nde coordinaci\u00f3n, concurrencia y subsidiariedad,\npara as\u00ed lograr que la gesti\u00f3n p\u00fablica se d\u00e9 de\nmanera participativa, integral y oportuna.\n\n\nDe igual forma, SOLICITAMOS al Gobierno Nacional\navanzar en los di\u00e1logos con los distintos actores\narmados ilegales, promoviendo el cese de acciones\nque vulneran a los DDHH y al DIH en los territorios ind\u00edgenas. EXIGIMOS a los grupos armados\nno estatales el respeto por el derecho al control\nterritorial de los Pueblos y Naciones Ind\u00edgenas, que\nen su gran mayor\u00eda se encuentran en situaci\u00f3n y\nriesgo de exterminio f\u00edsico y cultural.\n\n\nFinalmente, desde la Consejer\u00eda de los Pueblos\nind\u00edgenas, Derechos Humanos y Paz, de la ONIC,\nse exalta la voluntad pol\u00edtica que ha tenido este\ngobierno, como se est\u00e1 evidenciando en la construcci\u00f3n participativa del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo\n(2022 \u2013 2026), donde han sido actores clave los\nl\u00edderes y las lideresas ind\u00edgenas de la Organizaci\u00f3n\nNacional de Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia -ONIC-, la\nOrganizaci\u00f3n Nacional de Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de la\nAmazon\u00eda Colombiana -OPIAC-, la Confederaci\u00f3n\nInd\u00edgena Tayrona -CIT-, las Autoridades Ind\u00edgenas\nde Colombia- AICO, por la Pacha Mama- y las\nAutoridades Tradicionales Ind\u00edgenas de Colombia\nGobierno Mayor, as\u00ed como de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas\nMisak, Nasa y Wayuu.\n\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INFORME 03 | 2022\n##### Anexos\n\n\nAnexo 1: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por tipo de afectaci\u00f3n, tercer trimestre de 2022\n\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n(1,2)|Julio|Col3|Agosto|Col5|Septiembre|Col7|Total|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n(1,2)|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n|Abuso de autoridad|-|-|-|-|1|1|1|1|\n|Abuso sexual|-|-|1|1|-|-|1|1|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n al Territorio|-|-|1|1|3|3|4|4|\n|Amenaza|-|-|99|10|113|15|212|25|\n|Atentado|9|8|6|5|1|1|16|14|\n|Confinamiento|3.800|4|1.279|2|5.579|5|10.658|11|\n|Desaparici\u00f3n|-|-|6|3|-|-|6|3|\n|Desplazamiento forzado individual|9|1|6|1|27|4|42|6|\n|Desplazamiento forzado masivo|240|1|141|2|384|2|765|5|\n|Estigmatizaci\u00f3n|-|-|1|1|-|-|1|1|\n|Herida por MAP-MUSE|-|-|2|2|-|-|2|2|\n|Homicidio|15|15|25|22|14|11|54|48|\n|Hostigamiento|2|2|-|-|3|3|5|5|\n|Infracci\u00f3n al DIH|-|-|81|2|4|4|85|6|\n|Lesiones personales|-|-|-|-|11|2|11|2|\n|Reclutamiento forzado|4|3|2|1|-|-|6|4|\n|Secuestro|-|-|-|-|2|1|2|1|\n|Siembra de MAP-MUSE|1|1|-|-|-|-|1|1|\n|Total|4.080|35|1.650|53|6.142|52|11.872|140|\n\n\n\n(1) Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n de los hechos victimizantes.\n\n\n\n(2) La ausencia de registros para algunas afectaciones se explica en el elevado\n\n\n\nsubregistro para este tipo de afectaciones en el pa\u00eds.\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC.\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Anexo 2: N\u00famero de v\u00edctimas y reportes por Pueblo Ind\u00edgena, tercer trimestre de 2022\n\n|Pueblo Ind\u00edgena|Total(1)|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|Pueblo Ind\u00edgena|V\u00edctimas|Hechos|\n|Aw\u00e1|3.815|37|\n|Bar\u00ed|3|3|\n|Betoy|1|1|\n|Coreguaje|6|2|\n|Cubeo|2|1|\n|Ember\u00e1|1.080|1|\n|Ember\u00e1 Cham\u00ed|8|8|\n|Ember\u00e1 D\u00f3bida|2.379|9|\n|Ember\u00e1 Ey\u00e1bida|1.317|1|\n|Ember\u00e1 Kat\u00edo|2.017|4|\n|Inga|1|1|\n|Los Pastos|3|3|\n|Macagu\u00e1n|5|5|\n|Misak|2|2|\n|Muina Murui|6|3|\n|Nasa|227|44|\n|Piaroa|1|1|\n|Sikuani|976|1|\n|Uitoto|1|1|\n|Wayuu|9|7|\n|Wounaan|1|1|\n|Yukpa|1|1|\n|Yukuna|9|1|\n|Zen\u00fa|2|2|\n|TOTAL|11.872|140|\n\n\n\n(1) Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n de los hechos victimizantes.\n\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC.\n\n\n\nINFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "INFORME 03 | 2022\n\n\nAnexo 3: Afectaciones por macrorregi\u00f3n, tercer trimestre de 2022\n\n\n|Afectaci\u00f3n(1,2)|Amazon\u00eda|Col3|Centro Oriente|Col5|Norte|Col7|Occidente|Col9|Orinoqu\u00eda|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Afectaci\u00f3n(1,2)|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|Total
v\u00edctimas|Total
hechos|\n|Abuso de autoridad|1|1|||||||||\n|Abuso sexual|||||||1|1|||\n|Afectaci\u00f3n al Territorio|||1|1|||3|3|||\n|Amenaza|4|3|||4|4|201|15|3|3|\n|Atentado|1|1|||||15|13|||\n|Confinamiento|||||||9.682|10|976|1|\n|Desaparici\u00f3n|4|1|||||2|2|||\n|desplazamiento forzado
individual|14|2|||1|1|27|3|||\n|Desplazamiento forzado
masivo|||||||765|5|||\n|Estigmatizaci\u00f3n|||||||1|1|||\n|Herida por MAP-MUSE|||||||2|2|||\n|Homicidio|5|4|||7|5|39|36|3|3|\n|Hostigamiento|1|1|1|1|||3|3|||\n|Infracci\u00f3n al DIH|||1|1|||84|5|||\n|Lesiones personales|||||||11|2|||\n|Reclutamiento forzado|||||||6|4|||\n|Secuestro|||||||2|1|||\n|Siembra de MAP-MUSE|||||||1|1|||\n|TOTAL|30|13|3|3|12|10|10.845|107|982|7|\n\n\n\n(1) Los datos pueden variar en virtud de la verificaci\u00f3n de los hechos victimizantes.\n\n\n\n(2) La ausencia de registros para algunas afectaciones se explica en el elevado\n\n\n\nsubregistro para este tipo de afectaciones en el pa\u00eds.\nFuente: Observatorio de Derechos Humanos, ONIC.\n\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Revisi\u00f3n y aprobaci\u00f3n\nEsneda Saavedra Restrepo\nConsejera - Consejer\u00eda de Derecho de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, Derechos Humanos y Paz\nContacto: derechoshumanos@onic.org.co\n\n\nRevisi\u00f3n\nSebasti\u00e1n Hurtado Estrada\nCoordinador de convenio ONIC - ACNUR\nContacto: derechoshumanos@onic.org.co\n\n\nElaboraci\u00f3n\nEsmeiler Murcia Caro\nAbogada, Defensora de Derechos Humanos y Coordinadora del Observatorio de Derechos Humanos\nContacto: observatorioderechoshumanos@onic.org.co\n\n\nNota: Este producto recoge la participaci\u00f3n y colaboraci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica de ACNUR y iMMAP Inc. Las\nopiniones expresadas en este informe son responsabilidad de la ONIC y no necesariamente reflejan\nlas opiniones de ACNUR, ni de iMMAP Inc.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/37e4a9d9-fabd-41ce-8b71-7ad2185ffbad/co-re-20221019-es-tercer_informe_afectaciones_ddhh-onic-v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_787/raw/doc_787_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_787/raw/doc_787_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e38ba8a75be990e840f751993d3b4c81cc4e0eb3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_787/raw/doc_787_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Page **1** of **19**\n\n# Thematic Protection Group\n\n\n_**Protection Cluster\u2019s Area of Influence - Colombia**_\n\n## **The role of the Protection Cluster in a post-agreement scenario between guerrilla** **groups and the Colombian Government [1]**\n\n\n**I.** **Introduction and paper objectives**\n\n\nAfter more than five decades of internal armed conflict and various exhausted and unsuccessful\nattempts carried out by past Governments to facilitate negotiations, disarmament and demobilizations\nwith irregular armed groups in Colombia, a new dialogue framework was formalized with FARC\nguerrillas to agree on a negotiated exit to the conflict between the parties. Experience throughout the\nworld has shown that \u201c _a peace agreement is the start of the peace process and not the end of it.\u201d_ _[2]_ This\nmeans that the agreement will not necessarily end the different dynamics of violence the country faces,\nor could experience; furthermore, the difficulties affecting and undermining the environment and\nconfidence in the process, and political order and national security situations are additional challenges\nto the process. [3] Finally, the fundamental agenda \u2013 complicated under the assumption that \u201cnothing is\nagreed until everything is agreed\u201d \u2013 in the current state of negotiations between FARC and the\nColombian government has three points: a comprehensive agricultural development policy; political\nparticipation, and a solution to the problem of illicit drugs. However, three other core issues remain\npending for negotiation: the first, under discussion in Havana since early August, concerning\nreparations for the victims of the armed conflict; the second, the end of the conflict, which implies an\nend to the use of weapons, and, third, the implementation and ratifying mechanisms of the eventual\npeace agreement. [4] The legal framework for peace in Colombia, discussed in Cuba outside of the\nofficial agenda, remains a relevant issue pending of approval and civilian legitimation for its application.\n\n\nIn this case, we consider that the Protection Cluster (PC) will have an important role in a postagreement scenario, developing strategies, instruments and relevant mechanisms that respond to the\nprotection needs and gaps, violations of Human Rights and breaches of international humanitarian law,\nwith the different needs and interests of the victims \u2013 men, women, children and adolescents of any\nethnicity \u2013 and the communities at risk.\n\n\n1 For convenience, from now on, it will be referred to as \u201cpost-agreement\u201d in the document.\n2 Consistent with the statements by the High Commissioner for Peace in Colombia, Sergio Jaramillo, and the available literature on\nconflict resolution and reconciliation worldwide.\n3 For example, the alleged illegal telephone interceptions by members of Military Intelligence to government representatives on the\ndialogue roundtable with FARC;\n[http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/02/140205_colombia_chuzadas_espionaje_ejercito_enemigos_proceso_paz_aw.shtml](http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/02/140205_colombia_chuzadas_espionaje_ejercito_enemigos_proceso_paz_aw.shtml)\n\n\n4 \u201cAgreement to end the conflict and building a stable and lasting peace,\u201d point VI on the agenda \u201cRules of Engagement,\u201d section 10,\u201dThe\nconversations will be carried out under the principle that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed,\u201d 26 August 2012, Havana, Cuba.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **2** of **19**\n\n\nThis paper prepared by the Protection Cluster is not intended to be an operational tool; it aims at\nproviding analysis and discussion in the framework of the HCT, contributing with an intervention\ndefinition on a post-agreement scenario. The paper covers the responsibilities derived from the\nCluster\u2019s role as a space that facilitates and ensures the protection of persons at risk or affected by\nviolations and/or abuses of human rights due to the armed conflict and by natural disasters. It also\n**proposes that protection must be central in the humanitarian response that national authorities**\n**and the humanitarian actors** [5] **must provide, and also in the identification and implementation of**\n**durable solutions for displaced populations** . However, the Protection Cluster in Colombia should\nface new challenges in order to respond to a post-agreement scenario, reflecting the commitments\nagreed upon in Havana regarding peace\u2019s political and legal framework.\n\n\nFinally, this paper follows up the PC objectives, which should be focused on **maintaining and**\n**strengthening its responsibilities over technical and strategic guidance, to place the protection**\n**and rights approach in the center of humanitarian action** in the intervention of the HCT, HC and the\ndifferent clusters, local humanitarian teams and working groups, promoting the participation of the\ndonor community and the communication with the Colombian government and the victims subject to\nprotection. Additionally, this paper structures the discussion within the analysis of the current dynamics\nto identify future risk scenarios and protection gaps that currently characterize and the new ones that\nwill characterize the humanitarian context in the country. [6] The paper also reviews the Protection\nCluster\u2019s responsibilities and strategic objectives, which should remain current or otherwise be\nmodified, allowing for the adoption of a flexible approach in order to adapt the protection strategy to the\nnew challenges that will arise from the transition process in the post-agreement dynamics. [7]\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster aims to cover on this reflection a timeframe of 12 to 18 months maximum (2015\nor mid 2016) after signing the agreement, taking into account the uncertainties and the difficulty of\nprojecting the date the peace agreement will be signed [8] . This period coincides on its first year with the\nPC\u2019s strategy formulated and approved in April 2014 and valid for 2015, an implementation of\napproximately a year and a half.\n\n\n**II.** **Linking Protection Cluster TOR in a transition and post-agreement scenario**\n\n\nWorking in the definition of the Protection Cluster\u2019s TORs while planning 2014-2015, and in order to\ncomplement this analysis against a possible scenario for a transition to peace in the post-agreement\nphase, we concluded that the end of the conflict\u2019s military component between the government and\nFARC, by itself, does not guarantee lasting peace nor the restoration of the victims\u2019 rights, and would\nimpose difficulties in the search for durable solutions.\n\n\n5 Protection Cluster TORs - HCT 2014-2015, Protection Cluster, Colombia, April 2014.\n6 In the same scenarios\u2019 building exercise some assumptions have to be made in order not distort the analysis reported here or multiply\nscenarios. For example: the civil society will accept the peace agreements or the signatories will respect the agreements. The search for\ndurable solutions includes making efforts in the post-agreement immediate phase, aimed at responding to challenges in the field of human\nand humanitarian rights, development, reconstruction and peace-building; \u201cSecretary General Framework on Ending displacement in the\naftermath of a conflict,\u201d 4 October 2011.\n7 Immediately, the Plan of Action (PoA), which since its formulation was interpreted as a dynamic instrument, will be adapted and modified\naccording to needs, based on the protection analysis.\n8 The government has voiced its intentions to reach an agreement in a short period of time, but the truth is that it will not be easy to\nmitigate existing differences and agree on the three missing points, mentioned above (victims, end of the conflict and ratification in record\ntime) in the remaining four months of 2014. Only the issue of victims, a discussion that has been planned at a formal and programmatic\nlevel, will run until mid-December: in fact, the parties have agreed that delegations attend at least the next five cycles. Each cycle lasts 11\ndays followed by a recess of 10 more. Therefore, only this issue will last until December, excluding the other three pending issues. So, as\nmatters stand, it is really difficult to reach a final agreement in 2014.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **3** of **19**\n\n\nThe history of negotiations, submission or demobilization processes carried out in the country, has\nshown us the transformation of some aspects of violence, which remain risk factors for communities.\nHowever, the opportunities offered by a peace agreement to consider strategies for solutions for the\npopulation should be maximized, even though these opportunities are within the framework of overt or\nunderground conflicts, creating more explicit synergies between the humanitarian aspect and an early\nrecovery for the transition and development of the country. [9]\n\n\nThe issues that could be addressed while seizing this opportunity in order to reach solutions are:\n\n\n(i) Strengthening and consolidation of existing return, resettlement and restitution cases and other that\nwill arise after the agreements, which include potential voluntary repatriation. (ii) Identification of the\npotential conflicts that can occur in the context of peasant reserve zones. (iii) Discouraging urban\nintegration from becoming a way to access public services when there is a limited offer from the State,\nand without an effective integration approach of communities upon arrival.\n\n\nInsofar, we resume the responsibilities and challenges defined at a global level, which the Protection\nCluster must face to effectively meet the communities\u2019 protection, within the post-agreement context.\nThey are:\n\n\na) Promote human rights protection of the populations affected by armed conflict, through advocacy\n\nactivities with the concerned institutions, humanitarian actors and their coordinating mechanisms.\n\nb) Identify and visualize the existing, new and underlying protection risks, in areas where the presence\n\nof the State is less visible, in which the departure of armed groups can generate new risks linked to\nthe reconfiguration of force with new protagonists; where protection risks become evident due to\nnew conflicts and social strains; or where there are invisible victims or where there was no end to\nthe conflict. In spite of a negotiated agreement, clandestine military structures remain where the\nterms of the agreement are not respected or the agreement has not modified the already existing\ndynamics (urban violence by groups linked to post-demobilized actors [10] and others that arose\nimmediately).\n\nc) Analyze and strengthen the capacities of the affected populations in order to mitigate risks and\n\nthreats and develop self-protection measures and mechanisms;\n\nd) Influence the definition of strategies that ensure concrete and effective protection responses in an\n\narticulated and coordinated manner, to reduce the impact of the conflict and the specific and\ndifferential risks for the population;\n\ne) Respond to the identified gaps and risks in order to promote the response capabilities of national\n\nand local institutions and communities;\n\nf) Develop prevention, response and solution strategies, including an early recovery approach and a\n\ndifferential gender and ethnic approach;\n\ng) Facilitate and promote a rights approach, a differentiated and gender approach, the early recovery\n\napproach and a protection approach in humanitarian action, especially when it is solutions oriented;\n\nh) Develop special protection mechanisms for female leaders of civil society organizations for women\n\nwho, in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1325,\n\n\n9 Decision N\u00ba 2011/20 of the UN Secretary-General on \u201cdurable solutions\u201d which establishes a framework on ending the conflict in the\npost-agreement (\"Ending Displacement in the Aftermath of Conflict\").\n10 United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) between 2005 and 2006.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **4** of **19**\n\n\n1888 and 1820, must participate in all peace-building process and because their gender condition\nare and will continue to be exposed to higher levels of risk of gender based violence (GBV).\n\n\n**III.** **Protection risk analysis in the transition and post-agreement phase**\n\n\nClearly, the Cluster\u2019s intervention must adapt to the new context\u2019s dynamics and the needs and\nexpectations of the communities subject to protection, as well as the new scenarios, stakeholders and\nopportunities derived from the peace agreement, ratified by society. In that sense, the process of\npreparing for the transition and implementation of a post-agreement, in this paper, is motivated by an\ninitial reading of the current scenarios and the formulation of a hypothesis against its variables and the\nlessons learnt that arise from similar processes previously carried out in Colombia.\n\n\n**A.** **Current context**\n\n\nAs mentioned above, after the previous negotiating processes were finalized, the country has\nundergone transformations caused by remnants of the causes of the conflict, which were not eliminated\nor overcome with a peace agreement or negotiation agreement. As a result, new risks and tensions\ncontinue to threaten the safety and security of individuals and communities. In this regard, the cluster\nhas identified the following risks associated with these dynamics, recognizing that the current situation\ndoes not allow the description of accurate patterns, due to one actor\u2019s operational difference between\none zone and another or the discordance between the _modus operandi_ of criminal organizations.\nHowever, based on earlier contexts and the permanent monitoring of the cluster members in the field, it\nwas possible to determine the undesirable impact on the population, with the following characteristics:\n\n\n- A greater number of actors heavily armed belonging to different structures that fight amongst\n\nthemselves: [11] illegal non-State armed groups, with less hierarchical structures, non-ideological and\nmercenary, most of them adherents to organized crime (but originated from and linked to the\ndemobilization process of paramilitary groups from 2005-2006 [12] ), fighting over strategic routes and\nillicit markets. This scenario is characterized by systematic violations of human rights, ranging from\nforced recruitment of children under 18 years, SGBV \u2013 especially sexual violence primarily against\nwomen and girls \u2013, homicides, massacres, political co-optation, extortions, limited freedom of\nmovement, forced displacement, intra-urban or rural confinement, pressures and widespread fear\non the population living in areas subjected to groups\u2019 control. [13]\n\n\n11 For example, the United Self Defense Forces (AUC) _Gaitanistas_ hope to negotiate but they also condemn the negotiation model in\nwhich they previously engaged. They fight against the Norte del Valle cartel and Medell\u00edn. Their actions have impact on the border area\nbetween the two organizations: Tulu\u00e1, Cartago, Dos Quebradas, Santa Rosa, Andr\u00e1gueda, Istmina, Baud\u00f3, San Juan and Buenaventura.\nIn Choc\u00f3 they controlled the Serran\u00eda de Abibe two years ago and in 2014 clashed with FARC in Medio-Baud\u00f3 and the exit through Bah\u00eda\nSolano and towards Antioquia. The AUC _Gaitanistas_ stayed in R\u00edo Quito and generated displacement in Atrato River, Andr\u00e1gueda and\nBaud\u00f3 and San Juan, in order to control the conflict\u2019s most corrupting area. They also fight against _Rastrojos_ to occupy areas not under\nFARC control and groups linked to drug trafficking. This explains displacement, including those of indigenous peoples that also move into\nurban areas, such as Cali. Other areas where this dynamic occurs: areas of Fonseca or Palomino in Guajira and Santa Marta (Maracaibo,\ntowards the sea access controlled by FARC).\n12 Justice and Peace Law N\u00ba 975 (2005).\n13 Regions hardest hit by this dynamic: Huila/Tolima, Cauca Antioquia, Guajira and North-Eastern Caribbean coast and some urban areas\nof the country.\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **5** of **19**\n\n\n- Widespread violence in urban areas and the creation of private citizen security groups. [14] The\n\npopulation self-protection models pose a potential risk as long as weapons are used and control\nand surveillance of the State is not guaranteed.\n\n\n- Coercion strategies and political, territorial and social control by armed groups, [15] FARC, EP and\n\nELN and criminal organizations driven by political and economic interests who pressure the\npopulation and often co-opt community organizations (such as community councils, indigenous and\nAfrican Colombian peoples and other people organizations), taking advantage of their\norganizational weaknesses and internal fractures that make them prone to manipulation and\nexternal intervention. In this regard, there is evidence that their goal is to secure a social and\npolitical base that allows them to have an impact on the most significant economic and social\ntransformations (on issues such as the definition of the development model and the Agrarian\nReform). The end result of \u201cthis intervention or political and community co-opting\u201d are more fragile\ncommunities and organizations, pressure from other threatening groups, forced displacement and\nrecruitment of young people, becoming subjects to military pressures and establishment of\npenalties for failure to obey orders (such as exile and confinement), mobility restrictions,\ndisplacement without the possibility to report it, impunity, summary proceedings or persecution due\nto association to security forces or participation in State programs. [16] The autonomy of the social\norganizations involved is negatively affected, resulting in community fractures [17], lack of social\ncohesion and restricted political participation. [18]\n\n\n- Constant clashes between guerrillas groups (FARC, EP and ELN) and security forces in certain\n\nareas of the country that represent important military or economic strategic value. Generally the\nway to generate capital to finance illicit activities is through attacks and extortion, kidnapping and\nracketeering against private companies. Along these lines, the illicit exploitation of non-renewable\nnatural resources is of high economic importance for illegal groups, due to the fact that the State\nexercises limited control over available resources that generate considerable profits. Moreover, the\nmost traditional form of military pressure is carried out through attacks on public infrastructure such\nas aqueducts and electric interconnection towers, the use of civilians to carry resources and as\ninformants, and military confrontation with other feuding groups. These attacks, however, currently\nrecord a lower intensity level that in the past, generating \u201cminor damage\u201d against the State security\nforces, particularly in the last three years, at the beginning of the peace dialogues with the\ngovernment. As a result, now the **violence is less visible than before** . The hypotheses that\nemerges from this dynamic, recognizes greater military strength gained back by the Colombian\nState, and greater care of guerrilla groups not to commit serious violations of human rights that can\nbe considered crimes against humanity, almost in anticipation of a future entry into politics so as to\ngain some form of legitimacy.\n\n\n14 Protection Cluster\u2019 Strategic paper on \u201cViolence perpetrated by non-State armed groups in urban areas in Colombia, from citizen\nsecurity\u2019s perspective\u201d, September 2014. \u201cIntra-urban displacement and durable solutions, Vol. II Bogot\u00e1, C\u00facuta and Quibd\u00f3\", CODHES\n(Human Rights and Displacement Consultancy), July 2014.\n15 For example: Caquet\u00e1, Putumayo, Huila; Nari\u00f1o and Medio-Baud\u00f3. Another example: concentration of JAC representatives (Caquet\u00e1Putumayo-Huila) who control access to people, land, meetings, the type of relationship with these groups to carry out community\nactivities. A third example: Actions in Norte de Santander and Caquet\u00e1 to implement projects and manage the local resources; different\nfrom the groups\u2019 activities in the past.\n16 Perhaps FARC\u2019s ulterior motives are to establish themselves as the managers of the State\u2019 investments, operating already as a political\nactor with decision-making power in matters of social development, political participation and agricultural issues.\n17 In Magdalena, Bol\u00edvar and Cesar in the process of land restitution; in the Pacific, involvement with Afro-Colombian communities, and in\nBuenaventura, Cauca and Bajo-Atrato.\n18 In the issue of territorial control is at play a factor linked to the structural and historical causes of the Colombian armed conflict: the lack\nof agrarian reform or the decision on land development and production model: FARC\u2019s push towards adopting the Peasant Reserve\nZones\u2019 model, which for example, clashes with the indigenous communities and industrial sectors.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **6** of **19**\n\n\n- Intimidation through the \u201cmemory of violence\u201d, threats to repeating violent times that caused so\n\nmuch pain and fear. Through emotional pressures and without having to use weapons, the irregular\ngroups generate panic and hinder the actions from authorities because the difficulty in identifying\nthe criminal acts and the specific actors of intimidation.\n\n\n- Pressure and control over the population to boost political and social mobilization, in order to create\n\npolitical scenarios and partisan movements that serve as an electoral platform in a possible\nscenario of FARC\u2019s political participation, along the same line of the issues discussed in the peace\nagenda. This strategy is clear in areas historically dominated by FARC and ELN and where the\nintensity of military action has increased since the beginning of the peace negotiations, after a\nperiod of decline in violence prior to 2012, and where it is expected there will be a concentration of\npolitical capital and perhaps military. As a result, there are very high risks of stigmatization from the\nState, the security forces and others, against the inhabitants of these areas, historically controlled\nby armed actors or that genuinely demonstrate their political ideology and that partially coincides\nwith FARC\u2019s. [19]\n\n\n- Within these circumstances, regardless of the perpetrator, the categories most at risk are: male and\n\nfemale community leaders, rural population, ethnic territorial authorities like Afro-Colombian and\nindigenous population that participate in land claims and restitution processes and justice and\npeace; traders, farm managers, those in transport, public officials (a more complex situation in this\ncategory for the national police from the judicial branch, teachers, officials, local councilors and\nhealthcare personnel), youth organizations and women's rights defenders.\n\n\n- The under-registration of victims makes it difficult to determine the actual humanitarian situation,\n\nprotection gaps and protection risks in relation to new humanitarian patterns or trends, often\ninvisible, in order to identify and formulate reasonable responses after a qualitative analysis.\n\n\nIn conclusion, according with the analysis and description of the Colombian humanitarian context and\nstrategy of the Protection Cluster 2014-2015, [20] the armed conflict and the way violence is exercised are\nexperiencing a transformation in their goals, and as mentioned above, run the risk of being invisible in a\nfuture peace agenda.\n\n\nSome of these changes may be linked to the peace negotiations, others are originated from previous\ndynamics from the way the conflict itself has changed, and others could be considered potential risks in\nthe event of a post-agreement. All these situations, analyzed by the Protection Cluster, and the multiple\nagents and acts that produce a range of violence and the different ways to exercise violence generate a\nsignificant humanitarian impact on the population.\n\n\nThe under-registry, the limited capacity of the State to respond to new protection challenges; the\nhistorical lack of institutional presence in many isolated areas or the State agencies\u2019 inconsistent\nresponse; rights violations stimulated by high levels of impunity; the communities\u2019 loss of capacity over\ntheir own \u201csurvival\u201d (to remain despite an adverse scenario); rapid changes of dynamics and ways of\nexercising different types of violence as well as the international humanitarian community\u2019s lack of\n\n\n19 In several cases, these causes have stigmatized the population, who is target of pressures and forced to mobilize. This dynamic could\nalso generate actions from economic and social sectors, who, fearing their interests threatened, could end up responding in the same\nmanner through demonstrations or other actions, or repeat past dynamics (historical memory) which could backlash against social\nleaders.\n20 The \u201cProtection Cluster\u2019s Strategy Colombia 2014 \u2013 2015\u201d was approved in April 2014 and has 4 strategic objectives. It also derives a\nPOA 2014-2015 from the Protection Cluster (dynamic tool) approved in May 2014.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **7** of **19**\n\n\ncapacity to cover all affected areas, currently lead to response gaps and protection risks which will\nremain to some extent, in a post-agreement scenario.\n\n\n**B.** **Transition and post-agreement**\n\n\nThe cluster analyzed the communities\u2019 protection risks on a post-agreement scenario in order to avoid\nspeculation. From identifying trends originating in previous similar exercises and monitoring the\nnegative impact of the armed conflict on the civilian population for the first 12 to 18 months of the postagreement implementation, the following protection risks and gaps could come up:\n\n\n- Permanence of armed strongholds (it could be FARC through underground military structures) or\n\nthe arrival of new actors or armed organizations that generate an increase in violence in areas\nhistorically and strategically important to FARC, EP and ELN. Quite possibly, due to these\norganizations\u2019 nonexistent or weakened lines of command, more human rights abuses could be\nperpetrated, caused by the struggle between groups trying to impose their presence on the\ncommunities, through pressure on the civilian population and community organizations, including\nthose that protect and promote the rights of women, girls, children and adolescents.\n\n- Political and social violence and new social divisions caused by political pressure from FARC or\n\nother criminal organizations\u2019 territorial and political control generate restrictions on people\u2019s civil\nand political rights (freedom of association, political expression and participation) and other human\nrights abuses, such as forced displacement and land dispossession.\n\n- Implementing the Havana agreements can generate changes in fundamental issues such as\n\npolitical participation (political parties vs. social organizations or movements). [21] It is clear that not all\nsectors and social categories share the same aspirations. Some sectors could have conflicting\ninterests against changes on their _status quo_ . Example of this complexity is the issue of the rural\ndevelopment model vs. the creation of peasant reserve zones that make evident the conflicting\ninterests between farmers and collective territories; also, the land restitution process affects the\ninterests of business groups.\n\n- The mechanisms implemented to carry out forced recruitment and use of boys, girls, adolescents\n\nand the use of gender based violence, violence and sexual slavery, could be configured differently,\nin order to keep the population under the control of illegal armed groups with different political or\neconomic goals. The human rights violation of men, women, adolescents, young people, boys and\ngirls, could be exacerbated by the lack of credibility of any possible allegations, in a scenario that is\ntoo complex to identify perpetrators and their motivations.\n\n- Increase of widespread violence by private citizen security groups, through non-State illegal armed\n\norganizations that commit crimes in cities and rural areas. Post-agreement organizational\nstructures would be specifically linked to economic interests related to illegal productive markets; [22]\nexplicitly, the use of violence to maintain control of weapons and drug trafficking corridors, control\nof productive land and other sources of financing, such as illicit drugs trafficking, weapons and fuel,\nand the sexual trafficking of women, young people and adolescents, girls and boys, especially in\nthe border areas like Venezuela and Ecuador, extortions to mining and energy companies and\ntraders. These criminal organizations can cause a war, without truce, to secure markets, with the\npossibility of unpredictable alliances and with undefined chains of command. These situations could\n\n\n21 You can observe a process of re-politization of FARC in the face of a post-agreement future. FARC\u2019s intentions can be seen in its\nproposals of new forms of organizations or community movements instead of being part of traditional political parties.\n22 Especially, in marginalized urban areas. See Protection Cluster\u2019s strategic document on \u201cViolence perpetrated by non-State armed\ngroups in urban areas in Colombia from the perspective of citizen\u2019s security\u201d, September 2014.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **8** of **19**\n\n\nhardly have judicial recognition or a comprehensive response strategy of protection mechanisms\nand creation of conditions for protection by the State. [23]\n\n- New identified challenges \u2013such as weapon contamination and accidents caused by APM and\n\nUXO, including threats to economic security, i.e. land that could be used for rural communities\nblocked under the suspected presence of anti-personnel mines\u2013, and humanitarian demining do\nnot have a framework or a response plan to protect communities. [24] They imply a high risk of\nmilitarization of civil life or civilians engagement with illegal, ex-demobilized and criminal groups. It\nis necessary to add the security forces lack of effectiveness to protect and respond to protection\ngaps in such a scenario.\n\n- The risks that armed groups could continue using border areas as rearguards and strategic\n\ncorridors in order to maintain control of illegal markets and population. The involvement or\ncomplicity of local institutions risks visibility of this problem and would facilitate the existence of\nsuch groups.\n\n- The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) paramilitary leaders, leaving prison after\n\nserving their time during the Justice and Peace process, pose risks if they are able and willing to\ncontinue exercising violence, or if there are failures in their social reintegration process when\nsociety and the victims are not prepared to reintegrate them.\n\n- Weakening and discrediting of existing Colombian comptroller and criminal justice agencies [25] (often\n\nclashing amongst themselves), which would have consequences when attempting to discredit the\nprotection mechanisms and hide protection risks and gaps. [26]\n\n- Denial or disagreement with the implementation of the peace legal framework or failure of the\n\ndemobilization process (which could result in arms proliferation, especially small arms and light\nweapons that would have value for other armed groups, including those originated from the\ndemobilization of paramilitary groups), failed disbandment of armed groups or lack of integration by\nthe Colombian society of the former guerrilla fighters. Furthermore, the lack of preparedness from\nthe country and the State can lead to recurrence of past mistakes, [27] encouraged by the high level\nof impunity, the persistence of social conflicts that would fuel and legitimize the cycle of violence for\nthe population (risks of future new forced displacement or other violations of human rights).\n\n\n23 In Buenaventura, for example, at the beginning of 2014, OHCHR documented that several key local authorities did not recognize 132\nkillings occurred in 2012 and the162 killings of 2013. The mechanisms adopted by the institutions to combat impunity were inappropriate.\n24 According to the 2013 ICRC annual report, forced displacement was the result of other humanitarian events. Among them were deaths;\nlife threats; sexual violence; weapons\u2019 contamination (improvised explosive devices, landmines and explosive remnants of war); the theft\nof goods; and threats of recruiting. The continuity of these situations in a post-agreement scenario is most likely and will require the\ncontinuity of a decisive State response of higher quality and exhaustive, with the implementation of comprehensive public policies that\ndevelop, at the same time, specific actions and strategic plans at the operational, regulatory and preventive level. Currently the public\nsector, particularly at the municipal level and more specifically in municipalities of categories 5 and 6, are the ones who have insufficient\ninstitutional capacities for the design, implementation and accountability of the actions included in the public plans and programmes on\ncitizen security. In the short term, these deficiencies will not be overcome. Neglecting these scenarios can result in a greater complexity of\nthe dynamics of the armed conflict and more involvement of the civilian population. Several reports of the Office of the Ombudsman,\nMinistry of Agriculture, Land Restitution Unit, OAS, and ICRC have warned that weapon contamination will be one of the main problems\nColombia will face in the post-agreement stage.\n25 Ministry of Justice vs. Ministry of Interior or Constitutional Court.\n26 The judicial branch, particularly, faces criticism. It is an issue closely linked with impunity, corruption, dysfunctionality, etc. _\u201cJusticia: de_\n_mal en peor\u201d,_ Mar\u00eda Elvira Samper, _El Espectador,_ [21 December 2013, at: (http://www.elespectador.com/opinion/justicia-de-mal-peor-](http://www.elespectador.com/opinion/justicia-de-mal-peor-columna-465529)\n[columna-465529).](http://www.elespectador.com/opinion/justicia-de-mal-peor-columna-465529)\n27 Justice and Peace Act N\u00ba 975 of 2005; the demobilization would be seen merely as a legal process, while the real desarticulation would\nachieve better results.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **9** of **19**\n\n\n- Inadequate presence, coverage and capacity of the State to build appropriate confidence in society,\n\nwhich would negatively impact the agreements implementation\u2019s effectiveness and the transition to\npeace.\n\n- Solutions for victims that are provided spontaneously and without any planning, without a rights\n\napproach and an early recovery approach, without community consultation and do not integrate nor\ndifferentially respond to the needs of women, men, teens, boys and girls, or have an ethnic\napproach. It is possible that a post-agreement phase promotes the arrival of refugees and/or\nasylum-seekers, voluntary repatriation of Colombian victims abroad, voluntary return of internally\ndisplaced persons seeking reintegration in this new scenario, although in practice the new policies\ndo not progress towards the development of a comprehensive solutions policy to restore the rights.\n\n\nThese risks are often difficult to identify and define within the existing public policies and legal\nframework. Often the government does not recognize or see the risks due to a lack of ownership and\nresponse channels. This is why the role of the Protection Cluster becomes crucial to assist in the\nidentification and analysis, also to raise awareness on protection risks and gaps, with support from the\naffected communities. An active presence and strengthening of institutional actors, communities and\nprotection networks to reduce response gaps remains a key Cluster priority to fulfill its humanitarian\nresponsibilities. Meantime, the Protection Cluster cannot overlook or disregard opportunities of working\ntowards peace building that imply supporting long-term solutions for the civil society, through formulas\nthat combine and articulate prevention and immediate response approaches with early recovery and\ngender, with solutions towards the reintegration and restoration of development rights.\n\n\n**C.** **\u201cWorse-case scenario\u201d**\n\n\nWhen identifying protection risks in order to design intervention strategies, the Protection Cluster have\nconsidered including in the post-agreement stage these unrealized assumptions or unfulfilled\nexpectations by FARC guerrillas, the national government and the civilian population, which would\nimply disastrous scenarios of unprotected communities due to the failure of the peace process. To that\nextent, we organized the following issues:\n\n\n- Noncompliance with the agreements (in a more or less explicit manner) by FARC and the\ngovernment, exercising social coercion over communities for political gains and territorial control, and\nconcealed pressure of illegal forces identified with the government against the population. It is the\nworst-case scenario of a renewed conflict.\n\n\n- The government and FARC do not accept the terms of the signed agreements, reflected in the\ncommunities\u2019 lack of confidence in building a culture of peace, the lack of reintegration of demobilized\narmed actors, impunity and the failure of the reparation process for the victims and of a reconciliation.\nOverall, the failure to comply with the agreements and a total breakdown of the relationship between\nthe citizens and the State.\n\n\nTo the above mentioned scenarios, we would add the lack of capacity in the coverage and response of\nthe humanitarian community to quickly and efficiently address the new social and political dynamics,\nincluding the lack of flexibility, failure to adapt and change of strategy, according to the emerging\nchallenges or the financial capacity before a possible agenda change or changes to the priorities in the\ndonors approach \u2013 **humanitarian vs. development** - rather than a comprehensive strategy of\nprevention and rapid response, coupled with early recovery and solutions.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **10** of **19**\n\n\n**IV.** **Post-agreement scenario: implications for the Protection Cluster\u2019s responsibilities in**\n\n**Colombia**\n\n\nThe objectives and activities that characterize the Protection Cluster\u2019s strategy in a post-agreement\nscenario remain, and imply that the role and focal point is to **highlight protection risks and gaps and**\n**prepare the State\u2019s response, as per its responsibility, based on a human rights approach and**\n**guiding the HCT and the HC in the implementation of the protection approach.**\n\n\nAs previously explained, the cluster TORs will not be modified in a Colombian post-agreement\nscenario, since this phase does not necessarily imply a post-conflict. In a post-agreement scenario\nthere will be new risk profiles and new sources of threats (and latent threats such as APM and OXO\nand SGBV). Therefore, the areas in need of monitoring and protection intervention will expand, together\nwith the themes, strategies and tools to develop advocacy and offer further solutions.\n\n\nThe challenges emerging from the analysis above can be used to raise an intervention scenario\nbetween the first 12 to 18 months after the agreement is achieved. The transition challenges to be\nanalyzed are: (i) State capacity and control; (ii) FARC, EP and ELN\u2019s expectations to control the\npopulation and social organizations; and (iii) polarization against the agreements\u2019 contents and distrust\ntowards the State. [28] This latter scenario raises the following questions: To what degree is society willing\nto accept the agreements? How much impunity is allowed for peace to move forward? [29] What are the\nopportunities to develop real strategies for comprehensive and differentiated solutions for displaced\npopulations (including a specific approach on the real and potential threat of the APM / UXO that hinder\nthe transition towards development for communities that have been affected the most by the conflict)?\n\n\nGiven these assumptions, the challenges to the role of the Protection Cluster are related to the design\nof an effective lobbying strategy that allows the identification of these protection risks and gaps and\nbring them to the attention of the humanitarian community and those with the responsibility to respond [30]\nbased on a human rights approach and provide support for this response.\n\n\n**The cluster\u2019s challenge is to help design a response relevant to the social conflict, ensure that**\n**the State has the capacity and acts legitimately and assist in the development of protection**\n**strategies addressed to the population, including a comprehensive solutions\u2019 approach taking**\n**into consideration the different needs of women, men, adolescents, young people, boys, girls**\n**and ethnic groups.**\n\n\nIn that regard, the protection cluster\u2019 responsibilities in a post-agreement scenario can be organized as\nfollows:\n\n\na. Maintain the humanitarian space and the access to critical areas open for the international\n\ncommunity and the State.\n\n\n28 For example, impunity: the dispute between FARC and other sectors that do not want the _status quo_ modified. Different conflicts and\noften links of the police with illegal groups generate less confidence on the local authority, as well as less ability to control the State agents\nand the actions of these groups.\n29 In the quest for political control and forcing the population to mobilize, there are risks of stigmatization and violence. Stigma is a reality,\neven if nobody mentions it, but there is already a claim that links some sectors of the population with these groups\u2019 strategies. For\nexample, there are always more cases of authorities (judges, police, etc.) that seek protection because they are targets of this type of\nviolence, often without the protection from the national authority. There are more confrontations involving the police (compared to the\narmy, for example): attacks, ambushes, use of antipersonnel mines, traps, etc.\n30 The challenge is to identifying and highlighting risks that can lead to disqualifying businessmen and former illegal armed groups who\ndisagree with the peace agreements or with FARC-EP or ELN\u2019s approach with economic aspirations or a different agricultural\ndevelopment model from other sectors. How to handle social conflicts without falling into the trap of the stigmatization of certain social\ngroups?\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **11** of **19**\n\n\nb. Accompany the communities generating self-protection, solutions and social integration\n\nprocesses, promote resilience to overcome victims\u2019 traumas, support in the identification of\nsocial conflicts derived from the armed conflict in the post-agreement phase and additional\nprotection risks within the first 12 to 18 months, which is a sensitive time of transition, and in\nthe future by trying to create the foundation for a transition. This is important for the protection\nof the population as well as to confer legitimacy to the peace-building process. [31]\n\nc. Accompany human rights defense and control authorities together with women organizations,\n\nwhich will be involved in citizen\u2019s oversight mechanisms, NGOs and religious organizations that\nwill remain in the territory in order to identify and monitor emerging and existing protection risks\nbut also to build trust and create a protection environment for communities in the postagreement transition.\n\nd. Maintain and enhance specific monitoring and information systems to identify new risks. From\n\nhere, build new indicators and strategies capable of measuring new forms of violence, abuse\nand emerging risks or clarify those that due to under-reporting might not become evident, and\ncarry out high impact **advocacy** within the various levels of humanitarian architecture and\noutwards between the Government and the donor community, etc.\n\ne. Monitor the peace agreements [32] to verify that international standards are applied when\n\ndeveloping legal and political frameworks that guarantee genuine and lasting peace. In\naddition, influencing the discussion on the resolution of the structural causes that have caused\nthe violence and generated the conflict. [33]\n\nf. Define, clarify and disseminate protection routes (including assistance for victims of SGBV) and\n\nconcepts, analysis, tools and criteria of protection to all levels of the humanitarian architecture\nand the government, civil society, victims and donors promoting human rights protection.\n\ng. Identify, visualize and create prevention and response strategies to address forced recruitment\n\nand use of children, girls and women as weapons of war. Support the reintegration of these\nindividuals through psychosocial support and access to full reparations, amongst other\nmeasures. In areas where violence and social control by the armed groups persist, SGBV\nincrease with high levels of impunity since violence and social control does not end, but it\nworsens [34] .\n\nh. Establish humanitarian demining as a priority action in the immediate post-agreement phase to\n\nfacilitate the transition of rural communities. Identify the problem and more efficient strategies\nto respond to mines and weapon contamination. [35] Train and empower local communities to\ndemand the national government for solutions to the problem of APM and UXO (related to\n\n\n31 Capacity for self-protection/resistance from external pressures and violence, capacity for self-representation, political-rights\u2019\nparticipation and guarantees for the opposition, the right to dialogue among communities that are preparing for integration, reconciliation\nand dialogue with the State to demand their rights and advance their projects and community\u2019s processes and support in generating\nconditions for peace.\n32 Scope, according to the TORs of the GPC (= Global Protection Cluster).\n33 For example: how to provide guidance to the State and strengthen it so as to achieve the territorial development linked to protection?\nHow to prevent social conflicts and how to strengthen communities to protect themselves from these risks and prepare for peace? (Not in\nthe operational plan, but in the analysis.) How to think in a territorial model that does not become the cause for conflicts again?\n34 There are UNHCR reports from its field offices, discussions in the framework of the Protection Cluster by other agencies and NGOs, on\npreventive recruitment and youth training for future political office (FARC), or illegal economic interests (criminal armed group\u2019s close to\ncriminal gangs - widespread violence and citizen security in urban areas most of all) that already is occurring in the country in several\nareas (Caquet\u00e1, Cauca, Meta, etc.). It helps to think about new models of self-protection and mitigating risks for communities in this\nscenario.\n35 Through the technical cooperation of the specialized agencies within the Protection Cluster.\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **12** of **19**\n\n\nhumanitarian demining and establishment of bottom-up planning in the field of comprehensive\naction against antipersonnel mines (AICMA in Spanish)).\n\ni. Strategic advocacy sessions through the identification and early warning on emerging\nprotection risks and conflict transformation and their possible consequences with a differential\napproach.\n\nj. Identify and assess the conditions and actions that support the persistence of structural conflict\ncauses and contribute in the design of solutions for victims [36] that reflect an intervention which\nseizes the opportunities generated by the post-agreement phase, in those areas and\ncommunities where such conditions exist. [37]\n\nk. Advise the HC on creating durable solutions for the displaced population and other victims in\n\nconsultation with the Government and other relevant partners. In particular, support the\ncoordination mechanism of the Inter-cluster group on Early Recovery work that will guide a\nsolutions\u2019 strategy. [38]\n\nl. Strengthen coordination in the framework of the humanitarian architecture (HCT, HC, ICCG,\nHumanitarian Mine Action Subgroup, protection clusters and Local Humanitarian Groups in the\nfield \u2013 EHL, in Spanish) and with the Colombian government for a response that is effective\nand adapted to the new context (coordination which could be different in strength and focus on\nthe post-agreement) promoting favorable conditions and ensuring the centrality of protection. [39]\n\nm. Promote the State presence in areas prioritized by greater fragility and weakness, facing\n\nprotection risk, and help simplify the response (currently the work of the institutions is varied\nbut fragmented, without a comprehensive vision). [40]\n\nn. Strengthen local clusters and EHL in protection issues to make them first agents of analysis for\n\nthe new challenges. In fact, the cluster\u2019s priorities are: presence in the field and strengthening\nlocal protection networks in order to maintain protection capacity on all the priority issues facing\nthe transition, with the flexibility of being able to \u201cmove\u201d from area to area re-prioritizing\nintervention in this changing phase.\n\n\n36 See the \u201c _Secretary General Framework on Ending displacement in the aftermath of a conflict_ \", 4 October 2011, which establishes\npriorities and responsibilities to support the delivery of durable solutions for displaced persons and returned refugees in the country of\norigin, followed by the \" _Secretary General's Decision on Durable Solutions_ \" where there is also mention of the Peace-Building Faculty\nFund ( _Peacekeeping Fund_ ) to consider funds\u2019 requests for the implementation of strategies of this kind according to regular criteria and in\ncountries declared as eligible.\n37 See the _\"Hand-over note of the Protection Cluster in the Philippines\"_ and the inputs from the round table on Transition and Solutions\norganized by UNHCR and UNDP in Amsterdam on April 18-19 2013 stating _\"...Dealing with long-term displacement (e.g. Darfur,_\n_Colombia, Pakistan) is a development issue. It is increasingly widely recognized that national development plans should take IDPs into_\n_account and that finding solutions for both IDPs and refugees requires the engagement of development actors...\"_\n38 The Protection Cluster and the Early Recovery group will be the leading coordination\u2019s spaces for strategy building; in particular,\nUNHCR and UNDP, in their capacities as global cluster\u2019s lead agencies for Early Recovery and Protection, will provide the necessary\ntechnical expertise to the RC through existing resources or increase capacity to support the development of the Strategy for Durable\nSolutions\", see _Decision No. 2011/20 from the UN Secretary General_ on durable solutions which establishes a framework for the end of\nthe displacement in the post-conflict (\u201c _Ending Displacement in the Aftermath of Conflict_ \").\n39 The input from the UNCT\u2019s paper on peace-building framework for the UN and the international community \u201cBuilding confidence in\npeace: index of peace territoriality\u201d leaves open an important reflection for the Protection Cluster: one issue covered on the document is\nthe ambition to create a strategic intervention framework to build communities\u2019 trust and support peace building, the bridge and link\nbetween humanitarian and development. A lengthy debate that is taking place inside the humanitarian community and the UN system _in_\n_primis_ . See comments of the CP in Annex.\n40 Local and departmental administrations: UARIV, UNP, URT, ICBF, DP or other authorities identified as crucial to restore the rule of law\nand provide public policies that create a protection environment towards peace-building and overcoming the causes of conflict in the\ncountry. Moreover, that they respond to new protection challenges in isolated rural areas or under the control of armed groups as well as\nurban areas.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **13** of **19**\n\n\no. Eventual _Phase-out_ of some areas or reprioritization of the presence and activities (or the\n\ncontrary, flexibility for total \u2013 not operational \u2013 coverage at country level). [41]\n\n\n**V.** **Conclusions**\n\n\n - The peace agreement is the beginning of a long-term process that can only succeed if\n\naddressed through the lens of protection and human rights with a differential approach to\ngender and ethnicity, considering the roles, needs and impact on women, men, boys, girls and\nadolescents.\n\n\n - Considering the limitations due to a lack of information or correct foresight of intervention\n\nscenarios, there is a need to keep in mind that the first 12 to 18 months after a peace\nagreement is the most unpredictable and critical stage in such a complex armed conflict,\ndistinguished by its longevity and its deep seated structural issues (inequity and exclusion, illicit\nexploitation of natural resources, drug trafficking).\n\n\nThis scenario alternated with attempts at negotiation and military solution, with a very active\ncivil society and a country proud of its own abilities to lead the changes, is so sensitive that\nboth the government and the insurgency need to understand that peace is a collective task that\ncorresponds to all social, political and economic actors in the country and that it\u2019s a long term\nprocess undertaken _cognizant_ of the impact it can have on the population and the need to\nadopt a human rights approach based on protection principles and standards.\n\n\n - In fact, if these considerations were ignored, the consequences would have a negative impact\nin terms of human rights violations of the population, trigger new conflicts and then a\n_boomerang_ effect for peace sustainability. In this case, as well as in the case of a lack of a final\npeace agreement between the two parties over the missing topics on the agenda and on the\nlegal framework for peace, once more, the impact of a possible failure of the agreements would\nbe on the civilian population (as it has occurred in the past failed peace attempts). Regardless,\nwe cannot lose sight of the fact that the peace process that is moving forward faces great\nchallenges.\n\n\n - Considering that the Protection Cluster\u2019s main role is to lead and guide the implementation of a\n\nprotection approach at all levels of the humanitarian coordination by maintaining a dialogue\nbased on humanitarian principles and human rights with the Government, these responsibilities\nwill remain by making our role flexible in order to think about strategies that allow integrating\nsolutions and will not waste the post-agreement\u2019s historic moment and the opportunities that\nthis entails. In principle, the role and global responsibilities and those endorsed by the CP 2014\nplanning remain, by adapting to new dynamics and elements of the humanitarian context of the\npost-agreement. The challenge will be extending the analysis and vision spectrum, using a\nprotection vision that focus on changes in both dynamics and trends, new protection challenges\non the post-agreement and transition phase during the first 12 to 18 months in which it can\ncontinue overseeing in a more accurately manner the conflict dynamics and how it impacts the\ncivilian population in a differential manner, as well as indicate adequate protection routes to\nrespond to protection gaps, risks and solutions for the population identified through strategic\nleadership based on human rights principles.\n\n\n41 Also in the case of the Local Humanitarian Teams, for example.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **14** of **19**\n\n\n - Finally, it is necessary to highlight that the Protection Cluster responds to an obligation to\n\nanalyze the relevance of its own role to the point of facing the dilemma of having to adapt the\narchitecture of humanitarian coordination to the new found challenges; the possibility of\nexploring changes or eventually perform a _phase-out_ from the current system, which would be\napplicable in a real case of post-conflict that currently does not seem to be applicable to the\nColombia case [42], but instead seems to demonstrate the need for an even more important role\nso that the humanitarian situation does not remain invisible.\n\n\n - Equally, despite having a legitimate concern that several scenarios of violence prevail, intensify\n\nor appear during the post-agreement and that it requires prevention actions and immediate\nresponse, [43] the protection\u2019s role should be supporting the centrality of integration strategies,\nresiliency and solutions that correspond to a protection guarantee concept.\n\n\n_Protection Cluster \u2013 Colombia_\n\n\n_21 September 2014_\n\n\n42 Decision that challenges, nevertheless, the HC or could come at the request of the Colombian government.\n43 The \u201csolutions\u201d will not be sustainable if the internally displaced do not have access to human rights. Prevention work and emergency\nresponse must be included in the search, identification and \u201cmaintenance\u201d of solutions.\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **15** of **19**\n\n\n_**ANNEXES**_\n\n\nTrend analysis: Mass Displacements, period: January 2012 to December 2013:\n\n\n- 237 events of massive displacement that affected an estimated 16,876 families were reported.\nFifteen municipalities concentrated 50% of the total number of registered events: Buenaventura with 21\nevents was the municipality with the highest concentration equivalent to 9% of the total, followed by\nTierralta (11), Calota (10), Medell\u00edn (9), Miranda (8), Puerto As\u00eds (8), Ricaurte (8), Su\u00e1rez (18), Tumaco\n(8), Toribio (6), Guapi (5), San Miguel (5), El Carmen de Atrato (4), El Tarra (4) and L\u00f3pez de Micay (4);\nSixty-nine municipalities [44] concentrated the remaining 50%, equivalent to 119 events of mass\ndisplacement.\n\n\n- Nine municipalities concentrated 51% of the total expulsion of population: Buenaventura (Valle\ndel Cauca) concentrated 18% of the expulsion with a total of 3,079 families; Ricaurte (Nari\u00f1o)\nconcentrated 7% with a total of 1,157 families; Su\u00e1rez (Cauca) 4% equivalent to 702 families driven\nout; Puerto As\u00eds (Putumayo) 4% equivalent to 697 families; Tumaco (Nari\u00f1o) 4% equivalent to 689\nfamilies; Miranda (Cauca) with 3% equivalent to 569 families; Toribio (Cauca) with 3% equivalent to 562\nfamilies; Guapi (Cauca) with 3% equivalent to 561 families, and Bajo Baud\u00f3 (Choc\u00f3) with 3%\nequivalent to 551 families. Seventy-five municipalities concentrated the remaining 49% corresponding\nto 8,309 families driven out.\n\n\n- Guerrilla groups led to the forced displacement of the population in their fighting with security\nforces (54%). From 31 municipalities the most affected were: Caloto (9), Miranda (8), Su\u00e1rez (5),\nPuerto As\u00eds (4), Toribio (4) and L\u00f3pez de Micay (4). Harassment and armed actions provoked 20% of\ndisplacements in Buenaventura, Valle del Guamuez, Taraza, Toribio, Puerto As\u00eds, Ricaurte, Tumaco\nand Su\u00e1rez, all with 2 events each. Threats and killings caused 15% of displacements in 15\nmunicipalities; the most affected were Tierralta (5), El Carmen de Atrato (3) and Riosucio (2).\n\n\n- Forty-nine per cent of mass displacements were caused by clashes amongst armed\ndemobilized groups in 16 municipalities, being most affected: Buenaventura (15), Medell\u00edn (3), Segovia\n(4), Remedio (3), and Medio Baud\u00f3 (2), followed by 37% threats, intimidation of the population and\nkillings in 19 municipalities. Worst affected: Medell\u00edn (5), Buenaventura (3), Tierralta (3) Turbo (2), Bajo\nBaud\u00f3 (2) and Plicarpa (2), the remaining 10% by fighting.\n\n\n- Thirty-seven per cent of affected families belonged to indigenous communities, 29% to\nindigenous peoples, 29% to rural families and 6% corresponds to farming families.\n\n\n44 Remedios, Riosucio, Roberto Pay\u00e1n, Segovia, Bagad\u00f3, Bajo Baud\u00f3, Buenos Aires, Corinto, Morales, Policarpa, San Jos\u00e9 Del\nGuaviare, Taraza, Timbiqui, Turbo, Valle del Guamuez, Vig\u00eda del Fuerte, Argelia, Chigorod\u00f3, Litoral de San Juan, Fonseca, Leiva,\nMaicao, Medio Baud\u00f3, Montel\u00edbano, Pradera, Pueblo Rico, Quibd\u00f3, Santa B\u00e1rbara de Inscuand\u00e9, Sardinata, Su\u00e1rez, Acand\u00ed, Alto Baud\u00f3,\nAmalfi, Apartado, Armenia, Barbacoas, Bojay\u00e1, Caldono, C\u00facuta, El Bagre, El Charco, El Doncello, Jambal\u00f3, Los Andes Sotomayor,\nMag\u00fci Pay\u00e1n, Mapirip\u00e1n, Medio San Juan, Nech\u00ed, Nuqu\u00ed, Orito, Puerto Concordia, Puerto Legu\u00edzamo, Puerto Libertador, Puerto Rico,\nAmalfi, San Antonio Getuch\u00e1, San Calixto, Santa Cruz de Guachav\u00e9z, Santa Marta, Santa Rosa De Osos, Santa Rosa del Sur, Sip\u00ed,\nSoacha, Tad\u00f3, Teorama, Tib\u00fa, Vegach\u00ed, Yarumal and Zaragoza.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **16** of **19**\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **17** of **19**\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **18** of **19**\n\n\nPOPULATED AREAS URBAN VIOLENCE AND MASS DISPLACEMENTS\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Page **19** of **19**\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e65388bc-93f1-376f-83ae-1d3db0fbca3f/colombia_protection_cluster_post-agreement_role_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_788/raw/doc_788_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_788/raw/doc_788_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f705f3fbc636da0b8c597a1364a6e4a14f50d819..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_788/raw/doc_788_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection and Conflict Trends in 2017**\n\n##### **Recommendations to mainstream protection in Nigeria Humanitarian** **Response Plan 2017**\n\nProtection Sector Working Group Nigeria | November 2016\n\n#### Main conflict and protection trends for 2017\n\n\nNigeria will remain in situation of non-international armed conflict in the year 2017. Whilst food insecurity and nutrition needs\n\n\nwill prominently surface, the main driver of the humanitarian crisis in the North East will be the ongoing Boko Haram conflict and\n\n\nthe counter-insurgency measures. The Nigerian military, vigilantes and its Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF) partners will likely\n\n\nto maintain **strong counter-insurgency posture** which will further consolidate gains achieved in 2015 and 2016. Boko Haram\u2019s\n\n\nshifting tactics and the military response thereto will likely result in fresh displacements, protection risks and abuses to civilians.\n\n\nMany IDPs in camps and host communities have experienced trauma and neglect during the course of the conflict. Affected\n\n\ncivilians, IDPs and returnees will all require continued community-based psychosocial interventions and other targeted services.\n\n\nContinued loss of territory by Boko Haram will diminish its capacity to raise resources; and plan and execute classical insurgency\n\n\nmethods. **Boko Haram will resort to new tactics and approaches.** The spiritual and religious foundations of Boko Haram will be\n\n\nfurther eroded as the organization increasingly engages in opportunistic and criminal activities to raise money and carry out new\n\n\ntactics of attacks including using civilians as \u201csuicide bombers.\u201d Humanitarian actors will face risks of kidnapping and attacks. IDP\n\n\nsites will be considered \u2018high visibility\u201d targets; inviting further restrictions by security actors to movements in and out of IDP\n\n\ncamps.\n\n\n1 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85abef3b-89e0-3094-a060-a3347afb44be/conflict_and_protection_trends_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The increased humanitarian needs in 2017 require robust life-saving intervention** by all actors. Humanitarians will likely continue\n\n\nto focus on IDPs in camps and those settlements and sites in the newly accessible areas. Despite these enhanced focus,\n\n\nhumanitarian\u2019s ability to meet the vast majority of the needs of the civilians even in IDP camps will be considerably limited. In the\n\n\nnewly accessible areas, considerable reconstruction and rebuilding initiatives are needed to restore essential services, reconstruct\n\n\nshelters, support civilians to work on their farms and implement livelihood activities, restore law and order, support co-existence\n\n\nand peace building initiatives, address potential conflicts and tensions and mitigate security risks from mines and other explosives.\n\n\nInadequate access assistance may result in riots, frustration, negative coping mechanisms and sexual abuse and exploitation.\n\n\nChildren will be exposed to street begging and other forms of abuse and neglect.\n\n\n**Women, children, the elderly, persons with disability and minority groups require specific attention** . Initial assessments have\n\n\nrevealed that some of the households who are returning to newly accessible LGAs are female-headed due to the fact that the\n\n\n\u2018husbands\u201d have either disappeared, killed or been afraid to return. There are also reports of children engaged in \u201creconstruction\n\n\nactivities.\u201d This reveals the specific protection risks faced by men especially young adults and the burden and vulnerability\n\n\nexperienced by women who have returned back to their LGAs without them. **As several reports and assessments have revealed,**\n\n\n**limited access to humanitarian assistance and services has contributed to negative copying mechanisms and sexual abuse and**\n\n\n**exploitations including in IDP camps in Maiduguri** .\n\n\nReturn of displaced population will be a major phenomenon in 2017. Many IDPs particularly from camps in Maiduguri will move\n\n\ninto the newly accessible areas including through government-facilitated programs. As of September 2016 more than 1 million\n\n\ncivilians, including 152,000 Nigerian refugees, have returned. **While some IDPs will be able to return to their homes; others will**\n\n\n**be stranded in secondary displacement.** The number of IDPs returning or those who are involved in secondary displacement will\n\n\nlikely increase as the Nigerian Military and MJTF secure many new areas and the security situation gradually improves. Organized\n\n\nmovements of IDPs into their LGAs may likely be exposed to security risks. Some IDPs will not be returning back to their areas of\n\n\norigin or their homes; and instead may join IDP settlements in LGA headquarters. This secondary movement requires new\n\n\napproaches in understanding trends in displacement; humanitarian response in new sites and engagement with communities to\n\n\nensure that return solution to areas of origin are achieved. Risks of potential tension and conflict between those who are returning\n\n\nand others who never left will likely be visible due to perceptions of association with Boko Haram. The security and safety of\n\n\ncivilians who have never left can be undermined as a result of \u201cnegative perception of association with Boko Haram.\u201d A strong\n\n\nco-existence and peace building initiative and access to justice programs will be needed.\n\n\n**Host communities will continue to extend their solidarity with IDPs.** As of October 2016, more than 80 percent of the displaced\n\n\npopulations are outside of official camps, living with host communities. Many IDPs particularly those who are in host communities\n\n\nwill encounter limitation in accessing basic services including education, health and food assistance. Coupled with the current\n\n\neconomic climate and the soco-economic disruption resulting from the insurgency, the capacity and resource of host communities\n\n\nwill be diminished. Tensions between host communities and IDPs will be exacerbated; and there be a negative perception towards\n\n\nhumanitarian programs that solely target IDPs.\n\n\nThere are **opportunities for durable solutions for the displaced populations and the affected population** . The \u201cBuhari plan\u201d\n\n\nbrings together several initiatives by the government, allowing opportunities for the government to invest resources. However\n\n\neconomic decline and recession will be an ongoing challenge faced by Nigeria which will significantly hamper government\u2019s\n\n\ncapacity to fully implement its reconstruction plans and activities.\n\n\n2 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.5312511324882507, - "start": 224, - "end": 225 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LGAs", - "confidence": 0.5439995527267456, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8947647213935852, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85abef3b-89e0-3094-a060-a3347afb44be/conflict_and_protection_trends_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Recommendations to ensure centrality of protection\n\nThe HRP strategic objective for Nigeria HRP 2017 identifies protection mainstreaming as a central strategic element of the joint\n\n\nplan. The IASC guidance on the Centrality of Protection and protection policy requires all actors to ensure the mainstreaming of\n\n\nprotection across their response. The following recommendations are intended to support all sectors in mainstream protection:\n\n\n - **Gender, protection and vulnerability** concerns should be part of the planning phase \u2013you are not likely to reach everyone\n\n\nat the same time: consider who (by gender and age) are the most vulnerable and what assistance is most appropriate when\n\n\nprioritizing your work.\n\n\n - **Communication with the community** about (a) their needs and (b) for information sharing about options is crucial for\n\n\ndesigning appropriate responses. It is important to meet not only with traditional community leaders who are often\n\n\nmen, but also women, youth, children, elderly, and disabled who may not regularly be part of the decision making\n\n\nprocess. This helps to _minimize the risks that the project may miss its target._\n\n\n - **Do no harm:** The way you provide assistance must not expose people to danger. Avoid unintended consequences for\n\n\ninstance by supporting social cohesion when also assisting the communities (in GCA and NGCA) surrounding your main\n\n\nbeneficiaries. Some areas like the contact line may have both IDPs and local population in equal need.\n\n\n - Ask if the location for your activity is suitable or if you can find a better site to conduct your work, i.e. ask is it a good idea to\n\n\nprovide services near the contact line at logistics centers where there is an increased risk for shelling, Explosive Remnants of\n\n\nWar (ERW) or in an area with a high degree of military presence which may put some vulnerable groups at further risk, for\n\n\ninstance adolescent and young women who may be exposed to sexual violence.\n\n\n - **Protection actors have identified serious SEA around camps and in the newly accessible areas** . How do you ensure\n\n\nthat the staff hired under your project has been properly trained to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, or on\n\n\nbehavior related to ERW? Men and boys are particularly at risk of ERW concerns and you should consider how to\n\n\naddress this.\n\n\n - **Non-discrimination:** Ensure that all vulnerable groups of women and girls, men and boys, have access to the assistance. E.g.\n\n\nif Non Food Items (NFIs) are handed out in a place where a person in a wheel chair cannot enter, then in practice this means\n\n\nthat the service has not been provided.\n\n\n - **Prioritization:** Are you supporting those most in need? E.g. are you starting with those it is easier to reach or those who need\n\n\nit the most? Again humanitarian response in Maiduguri and in host communities remain seriously inadequate.\n\n\n - **Coordination of the response:** To ensure accountability to the affected population it is important that you have coordinated\n\n\nwith the local community and the local authorities. Do you have a mechanism in place to avoid duplication with other\n\n\nproviders and organizations working on related issues, such as responding to needs in institutions where\n\n\n[For any queries, please contact the Nigeria Protection Sector Working Group at NIGABPSWG@unhcr.org.](mailto:NIGABPSWG@unhcr.org)\n\n\n3 | P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/85abef3b-89e0-3094-a060-a3347afb44be/conflict_and_protection_trends_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_789/raw/doc_789_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_789/raw/doc_789_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7a7aa3a54389ac003a1b62eb4997249880f958c4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_789/raw/doc_789_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# NOTE DE PROTECTION\n\n## No. 2/2020 - Juillet 2020 FOCUS : LES CONFLITS INTERCOMMUNAUTAIRES ET LE ROLE DE LA PROTECTION A BASE COMMUNAUTAIRE DANS LA GESTION DES CONFLITS ET LE RENFORCEMENT DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT PROTECTEUR\n\nEn 2020, le Mali reste marqu\u00e9 par une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire exacerb\u00e9e par l'intensification et la\npropagation de la violence intercommunautaire, la prolif\u00e9ration des groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques, les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires, et l'absence d'un environnement protecteur. De janvier \u00e0 juin 2020, le Cluster Protection a r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 une\nrecrudescence des attaques sur les villages (126 attaques et 23 menaces d\u2019attaques) ; et une augmentation alarmante\nde pertes en vies humaines, y inclus un nombre croissant de femmes et d\u2019enfants. Une nouvelle tendance de violence\nintracommunautaire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e, rendant plus complexe l\u2019analyse des dynamiques de conflits au Mali.\n\n\n1. Un sch\u00e9ma de violence et conflits communautaires exacerb\u00e9 par de multiples facteurs socio\n\u00e9conomiques et politiques\n\n\nLes tensions entre populations nomades, semi-nomades et s\u00e9dentaires ont historiquement toujours exist\u00e9 au Mali,\nen raison de la comp\u00e9tition pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s et la gestion des ressources naturelles. Les institutions coutumi\u00e8res ont assur\u00e9\npendant des si\u00e8cles un \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9licat de l\u2019utilisation des ressources entre pasteurs Fulani/Peulhs, fermiers Dogon\net Bambara, et p\u00e9cheurs Bozo et Somono. Cependant, les r\u00e9formes gouvernementales concernant la possession des\nterres, qui ont conduit \u00e0 l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de gestion de ressources statutaires en remplacement du\nsyst\u00e8me traditionnel, ont fait \u00e9voluer les relations socio-politiques au niveau local et ont modifi\u00e9 les structures de\npouvoir traditionnel, entrainant une concurrence et une animosit\u00e9 entre les communaut\u00e9s, qui menace aujourd\u2019hui\nl\u2019\u00e9difice social au Mali [1] . Concr\u00e8tement, ces tensions ont engendr\u00e9 une expansion agricole avec modifications des\nparcours de transhumance et une fragmentation des espaces pastoraux, aboutissant \u00e0 des conflits fonciers et agropastoraux, entre \u00e9leveurs et agriculteurs. Ceci s\u2019ajoute aux conflits qui existent entre d\u2019autres cat\u00e9gories socioprofessionnelles (\u00e9leveurs et p\u00eacheurs, p\u00eacheurs et agriculteurs).\n\n\n1\nPlanetary Security Initiative, Terrain fertile pour les conflits au Mali : changement climatique et surexploitation des ressources, D\u00e9cembre 2017,\n[disponible ici](https://www.planetarysecurityinitiative.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/2.0%20Version%20-%20Mali%20fertile%20grounds.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/38ea615e-9810-30c7-b746-fae2baa29811/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_communautaire_-_juillet_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La p\u00e9nurie rapide des moyens de subsistance dans un contexte de pauvret\u00e9,\nde changement climatique et de surexploitation des ressources naturelles,\nd\u2019exclusion politique et de manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base ont contribu\u00e9\n\u00e0 aggraver les tensions communautaires existantes, facilitant l\u2019acceptation des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s au sein des populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables, et le recrutement\nde nouveaux combattants ; y compris d\u2019enfants ; celui-ci s\u2019appuyant\nnotamment sur les discours \u00e0 dimension politique et id\u00e9ologique adress\u00e9s aux\ncouches marginalis\u00e9es de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (sans-terres, bergers d\u00e9munis, anciens\nesclaves, talib\u00e9s...).\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation des institutions coutumi\u00e8res, qui sont essentielles pour la\nr\u00e9solution des conflits communautaires, est exacerb\u00e9e par la violence arm\u00e9e\net les d\u00e9placements auxquels les communaut\u00e9s font face. L\u2019absence de l\u2019Etat\na favoris\u00e9 l\u2019influence des groupes arm\u00e9s qui s\u2019attribuent l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer les\nconflits. Le vide s\u00e9curitaire dans un tel contexte conduit \u00e0 la prolif\u00e9ration de\nmilices d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense \u00e0 base \u2018communautaire\u2019 conduisant \u00e0 une p\u00e9rilleuse\nprivatisation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. La spirale vengeance-repr\u00e9sailles expose les\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9s sah\u00e9liennes \u00e0 une fragmentation sociale dont le co\u00fbt pourrait \u00eatre\nl\u2019effritement d\u00e9finitif de la coh\u00e9sion sociale. [2]\n\n\n2. La protection \u00e0 base communautaire comme outil de protection\n\n\n_Les initiatives communautaires pour la consolidation de la paix_\nDepuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 malienne, les conflits sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s\npar les m\u00e9canismes traditionnels communautaires, tels que le conseil des\nsages, les religieux, les conseillers du village, l\u2019imam et/ou le chef de village ;\nselon les localit\u00e9s, villages, quartiers, et en fonction de la nature des conflits.\nLe mode de gestion des conflits est bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019arbitrage ou le jugement. Parfois\nles autorit\u00e9s locales et coutumi\u00e8res sollicitent l\u2019intervention d\u2019acteurs externes\n\u00e0 travers des projets de m\u00e9diation humanitaire pour trouver des accords\nmutuellement acceptables par les parties oppos\u00e9es dans les conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019exploitation et l\u2019expropriation de la terre, la gestion des ressources naturelles\nou \u00e0 l\u2019exercice du pouvoir.\n\n\nExemple 1 : En septembre 2019, NRC a men\u00e9 une m\u00e9diation entre les \u00e9leveurs\net les agriculteurs dans le cercle de Tenenkou avec succ\u00e8s suite \u00e0 un conflit li\u00e9\n\u00e0 un couloir de passage des animaux pour les lieux de p\u00e2turage. A l\u2019issue de la\nrencontre des deux parties, un plan d\u2019action a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 aboutissant \u00e0\nl\u2019unanimit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019identification d\u2019une piste de passage pour les animaux, la\nsensibilisation des acteurs concern\u00e9s, la r\u00e8glementation sur l\u2019usage de cette\npiste, et la tenue des rencontres intercommunautaires sur le calendrier de\nsortie des animaux.\n\n\nExemple 2 : En mai 2020, une charte communautaire de coexistence pacifique\na \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9e par les communaut\u00e9s de Tessalit pour r\u00e9duire les violences et\nfavoriser la paix et le vivre ensemble. Cette charte a \u00e9t\u00e9 facilit\u00e9 par l'ONG\nAZHAR sur une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois selon un mod\u00e8le de construction de la paix\npilot\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9. Il est envisag\u00e9 d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter ce mod\u00e8le dans les\ncercles de Koro et Bankass.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 Africa Center for Strategic Studies: Comment les groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents exploitent les conflits intercommunautaires au Sahel (14.1.2020)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/38ea615e-9810-30c7-b746-fae2baa29811/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_communautaire_-_juillet_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Les structures communautaires comme acteur de protection : l\u2019identification des_ _violations et le monitoring_\n_de protection_\nLes m\u00e9canismes communautaires [3] sont des outils importants pour la protection, et notamment pour l\u2019identification\ndes violations commises. S\u2019appuyer sur eux demande une forte pr\u00e9sence sur le terrain, un vaste r\u00e9seau de contacts\net une bonne acceptation de la part des communaut\u00e9s et autorit\u00e9s locales.\n\n\nAu fil des ans, les acteurs de protection au Mali ont diversifi\u00e9 leurs approches concernant la mobilisation de ces\nm\u00e9canismes en combinant l\u2019accompagnement de la constitution de comit\u00e9s locaux de protection (CLPC) h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes\n(5 \u00e0 10 personnes repr\u00e9sentant les diff\u00e9rentes couches de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9) et la mobilisation de points focaux\ncommunautaires (1 \u00e0 2 personnes identifi\u00e9es par village d\u2019intervention). Ces structures deviennent ainsi le \u00ab point\nd\u2019entr\u00e9e \u00bb de la communaut\u00e9 ; en effet, les personnes-ressources mobilis\u00e9es occupant souvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 des fonctions\nrepr\u00e9sentatives et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient du respect et de la confiance de la population.\n\n\nCes structures communautaires sont identifi\u00e9es, form\u00e9es et soutenues par les acteurs humanitaires pour assurer un\nr\u00f4le d\u2019identification des incidents de protection et diffuser des messages de sensibilisation dans leur commune. Ils\nsont constamment en contact avec les organisations en charge du monitoring de protection et remontent dans les\nplus brefs d\u00e9lais les informations sur les incidents. Ils les accompagnent aussi sur le terrain pour la documentation et\nv\u00e9rification des cas, l\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins, la prise en charge, etc.\n\n\nExemple 3 : Dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, DRC mobilise 216 personnes pour son travail communautaire, r\u00e9parties en 11\ncomit\u00e9s de protection (12 personnes par comit\u00e9), 22 points focaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en PSS, 22 en protection de l\u2019enfance,\n40 relais-communautaires. Ces m\u00e9canismes ont permis l\u2019identification des survivant.e.s dans les zones difficilement\naccessibles o\u00f9 les \u00e9quipes ne sont pas pr\u00e9sentes en continu. \u0152uvrant dans une proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et culturelle,\nfacteur de confiance, ils peuvent apporter des r\u00e9ponses adapt\u00e9es au contexte. Les cas les plus fr\u00e9quents identifi\u00e9es\nsont ceux de mariages pr\u00e9coces, les VBG (physiques et sexuelles) et les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines (MGF).\n\n\nExemple 4 : COOPI travaille depuis fin 2018 dans le monitoring de protection sur les violations graves faites aux enfants\nen situation de conflit arm\u00e9 (Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism \u2013 MRM). Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la collaboration avec 165 points\nfocaux communautaires, 315 incidents de protection de l\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s, dont 43 de violations graves des\ndroits de l\u2019enfant de novembre 2019 \u00e0 juin 2020. Cela a aussi permis, dans la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, l\u2019identification d\u2019une\nvingtaine d\u2019enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s. Suite \u00e0 l\u2019identification des enfants victimes de violations par\nles m\u00e9canismes communautaires, COOPI peut leur apporter les services de protection et de prise en charge holistique.\n\n\nExemple 5 : ATDED a form\u00e9 5 Comit\u00e9s Locaux de Protection de l\u2019Enfant (CLPE) dans les communes de Taboye, T\u00e9mera,\nBamba, N\u2019Tillit, et Bourem pour la pr\u00e9vention du recrutement et l\u2019utilisation des enfants par les forces et groupes\narm\u00e9s. Les CLPE participent \u00e0 la sensibilisation communautaire sur la pr\u00e9vention du recrutement des enfants,\nengagent le dialogue communautaire avec les leaders des groupes arm\u00e9s et les notables et chefs de fractions pour\nfaciliter la d\u00e9tection, l\u2019identification et la d\u00e9mobilisation des enfants enr\u00f4l\u00e9s. Du 1er avril 2019 au 25 juin 2020, ces\ninitiatives communautaires ont facilit\u00e9 l\u2019identification et la d\u00e9mobilisation de 107 enfants, dont 68 qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s\ngr\u00e2ce au plaidoyer men\u00e9 par les CLPE et 39 auto-d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s dans les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n_Les structures communautaires comme acteur de protection : la prise en charge des cas de protection_\nLes m\u00e9canismes de protection \u00e0 base communautaire sont les premiers agents d\u2019autoprotection au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s, de par leur travail de sensibilisation et d\u2019identification des cas de protection, mais \u00e9galement pour la\nprise en charge et le d\u00e9veloppement de solutions communautaires aux probl\u00e9matiques de protection.\n\n\nExemple 6 : COOPI intervient au niveau communautaire avec des activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives et psychosociales dans 25\nespaces amis des enfants dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti. Ces espaces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s en collaboration avec les leaders\ncommunautaires et les autorit\u00e9s locales qui ont indiqu\u00e9s des endroits o\u00f9 les enfants de la communaut\u00e9 se retrouvent,\n\n\n3 R\u00e9seau de moniteurs et de points focaux ; comit\u00e9 local de protection communautaire (CLPC), comit\u00e9s de m\u00e9diation communautaire, comit\u00e9s\nlocaux de protection de l\u2019enfant (CLPE), RECOPE, espace amis d\u2019enfants, comit\u00e9s de protection et d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce contre les VBG ; comit\u00e9s de\nprotection lutte anti-mines)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/38ea615e-9810-30c7-b746-fae2baa29811/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_communautaire_-_juillet_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pour construire sur les pratiques existantes. Les activit\u00e9s sont men\u00e9es par des animateurs de la communaut\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s\navec l\u2019appui des comit\u00e9s locaux de protection. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s et outill\u00e9s par COOPI et re\u00e7oivent un appui technique\net un suivi. Le recrutement et renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des animateurs communautaires permet que la\ncommunaut\u00e9 s\u2019approprie l\u2019espace et les activit\u00e9s, et de faciliter le transfert du projet aux mains de la communaut\u00e9. A\ntravers cette approche communautaire, COOPI a apport\u00e9 un soutien psychosocial \u00e0 15 128 enfants (janvier-juin 2020).\n\n\nExemple 7 : Suite \u00e0 l\u2019identification de cas de protection, les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9loignement et de mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des\nsurvivant.e.s sont rares. La solution privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e repose souvent sur une tentative de m\u00e9diation/n\u00e9gociation avec les\nparents ou les \u00e9poux agresseurs - ce qui n\u2019offre pas toujours les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s, ou va juste permettre de diff\u00e9rer\nles violations dans le temps. Une veille soutenue de la situation est donc \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire par les acteurs\ncommunautaires et humanitaires. En ce sens, DRC maintient un lien quotidien ou hebdomadaire avec les points focaux\net les relais-communautaires pour assurer le suivi de la prise en charge des survivant.e.s.\n\n\nExemple 8 : Les CLPE mis en place dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao par ATDED jouent un r\u00f4le important dans la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration\nsocio\u00e9conomique des enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s, en identifiant les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et\nscolaires dans la zone et en facilitant le suivi des enfants r\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9s, en collaboration avec l\u2019ONG partenaire. Sur les\n107 enfants d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion de Gao, 9 ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un appui \u00e0 la r\u00e9insertion scolaire et 98 d\u2019activit\u00e9s\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus.\n\n\nExemple 9 : Depuis 2018, le Sous-Cluster VBG a mis en place les comit\u00e9s de protection et d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce pour r\u00e9f\u00e9rer\nles survivant.e.s de VBG vers les structures de prise en charge ainsi qu\u2019apporter un appui psychologique de premier\nsecours. Pour parvenir \u00e0 cette prise en charge locale, les membres de ce comit\u00e9 partagent leur exp\u00e9rience sur les\nquestions de genre et VBG. En 2019, ces comit\u00e9s ont pu enregistrer et r\u00e9f\u00e9rer 201 cas de VBG dont 32 cas de viol, qui\nont re\u00e7u des soins dans les 72 heures. Pour cette ann\u00e9e 2020, \u00e0 Gao, 135 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s\nvers les services de prise en charge dont 22 cas de viol re\u00e7us au One Stop Center. A Bourem, 136 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s\npar les comit\u00e9s dont 17 cas de viol. Les survivantes n\u2019ont pas toutes pu recevoir les soins appropri\u00e9s \u00e0 temps, en raison\ndu manque de services dans la zone. N\u00e9anmoins, cinq mariages pr\u00e9coces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce au soutien\ncommunautaire dans la commune de Taboye, cercle de Bourem.\n\n\n_Les structures communautaires comme outil de d\u00e9veloppement local et coh\u00e9sion sociale_\n\n\nLe r\u00f4le des comit\u00e9s locaux de protection ainsi que des relais communautaires ou point focaux sont d\u00e9terminants dans\nl\u2019identification des besoins prioritaires et la mobilisation des communaut\u00e9s autour des projets pour une meilleure\nappropriation et suivi des activit\u00e9s. Dans le cadre de projets de coh\u00e9sion sociale, les initiatives communautaires sont\nprises en compte \u00e0 travers la mise en \u0153uvre parall\u00e8le d\u2019activit\u00e9s de micro-projets.\n\n\nExemple 10 : UNMAS et ses partenaires internationaux et nationaux (DCA, AAPPOR, CERCA) de la lutte antimines\nhumanitaire sont intervenus dans le village de Taxon, cercle de Koro (R\u00e9gion de Mopti), dans le cadre d\u2019un projet de\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s nationales pour la protection des civils et pour la r\u00e9duction de l'impact des engins\nexplosifs. Apr\u00e8s analyse des besoins du village avec la participation des repr\u00e9sentants de la communaut\u00e9, la mise en\n\u0153uvre d\u2019un microprojet a permis la r\u00e9alisation d'un forage, d'un ch\u00e2teau d'eau \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019une pompe solaire aliment\u00e9e\nde huit panneaux solaires, et la construction d'un total de six bassins de distribution d'eau dans le village.\nL\u2019am\u00e9nagement d'un jardin mara\u00eecher d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux groupements de femmes a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9. Ces projets ont\npour objectif de renforcer la stabilit\u00e9 et la coh\u00e9sion sociale au sein village environnant.\n\n\n_Les structures communautaires comme vecteur d\u2019information et de sensibilisation contre la COVID-19_\n\n\nLes m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection sont maintenus et renforc\u00e9s afin de servir de relai pour la diffusion\nd\u2019information et de messages cl\u00e9s sur les mesures de pr\u00e9vention et de lutte contre la pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 et les\nrisques de protection y relatifs. Ils repr\u00e9sentent un point d\u2019entr\u00e9e essentiel pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information et aux services.\n\n\nExample 11 : En raison de la COVID-19, COOPI a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de suspendre les activit\u00e9s dans la plupart des espaces amis\nd\u2019enfants pour les remplacer par des \u00e9quipes mobiles d\u2019animateurs qui se d\u00e9placent directement aupr\u00e8s des familles\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/38ea615e-9810-30c7-b746-fae2baa29811/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_communautaire_-_juillet_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pour apporter un soutien psychosocial. Cela permet de r\u00e9duire les groupes d\u2019enfants et de respecter les mesures\nd\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et gestes barri\u00e8res. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019appartenance communautaire des animateurs et leur\nacceptation de la part des autres membres de la communaut\u00e9 locale. A ce jour, 8 677 enfants ont re\u00e7u des messages\nde sensibilisation et d\u2019information sur la COVID-19.\n\n\n3. Messages cl\u00e9s\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 1 : L\u2019escalade des affrontements intercommunautaires risque d\u2019intensifier l\u2019ampleur et la complexit\u00e9 de\nla violence dans la r\u00e9gion. La violence intercommunautaire a des effets d\u00e9vastateurs pour la population civile. Elle\nrenforce les besoins de protection et met en p\u00e9ril la coh\u00e9sion sociale des communaut\u00e9s. Pour briser ce cercle vicieux,\nles causes profondes du conflit doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es au niveau politique, social et communautaire. Des r\u00e9formes\nprofondes sont n\u00e9cessaires pour adresser le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre actuel de la gestion des ressources naturelles et pour\nred\u00e9finir le r\u00f4le des institutions coutumi\u00e8res dans une r\u00e9solution durable des conflits intercommunautaires.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 2 : Les dialogues intercommunautaires entam\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale doivent \u00eatre approfondis et\nsyst\u00e9matiquement \u00e9largis. Les bonnes pratiques des initiatives communautaires pour la consolidation de la paix et la\nm\u00e9diation au Mali montrent le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de ces investissements. Le Cluster Protection encourage les acteurs de\nprotection \u00e0 promouvoir les activit\u00e9s de dialogues intercommunautaires et de m\u00e9diation des conflits visant \u00e0 limiter\nla concurrence et \u00e0 encourager la coop\u00e9ration entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes socio-\u00e9conomiques.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 3 : L\u2019approche communautaire doit permettre de renforcer l\u2019appropriation locale, la r\u00e9silience et la\nprotection de la population. La protection \u00e0 base communautaire g\u00e9n\u00e8re des r\u00e9sultats plus efficaces et durables en\nmati\u00e8re de protection en renfor\u00e7ant les ressources et les capacit\u00e9s locales et identifiant les lacunes de protection. Le\nfait d'impliquer activement la communaut\u00e9 dans la programmation et de lui donner un sentiment d'appropriation lui\npermet de s'autonomiser et de renforcer sa r\u00e9silience, ce qui est particuli\u00e8rement important pour les communaut\u00e9s\nqui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et qui sont t\u00e9moins de la violence.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 4 : Les projets \u00e0 base communautaire favorisent la p\u00e9rennisation des interventions, en particulier dans\nles zones o\u00f9 l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire est limit\u00e9 . Des structures communautaires bien \u00e9quip\u00e9es et dont les capacit\u00e9s sont\nrenforc\u00e9es peuvent combler les limites de r\u00e9ponse des acteurs humanitaires, notamment en termes d\u2019analyse des\nrisques, d\u2019identification des violations, de strat\u00e9gie d\u2019adaptation et de prise en charge des besoins de protection. Les\ncommunaut\u00e9s renforcent ainsi leurs capacit\u00e9s d'autoprotection existantes \u00e0 long terme.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 5 : Une bonne coordination entre les acteurs humanitaires qui travaillent avec les structures\ncommunautaires est essentielle. Pour \u00e9viter la concurrence entre les structures communautaires, les acteurs\nhumanitaires doivent cordonner leur approche. Ils doivent convenir d'un ensemble de principes directeurs, de normes\net de modalit\u00e9s de travail. Au lieu de cr\u00e9er de nouveaux m\u00e9canismes communautaires, les agences humanitaires sont\ninvit\u00e9es \u00e0 s'appuyer sur les structures et les capacit\u00e9s existantes au sein de la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 6 : L\u2019approche communautaire doit \u00eatre au c\u0153ur du nexus humanitaire-d\u00e9veloppement-paix. Pour\nr\u00e9pondre de mani\u00e8re coh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes et aux probl\u00e8mes structurels qui affectent les zones\ntouch\u00e9es par les conflits au Mali, l'aide humanitaire, les programmes de d\u00e9veloppement et la consolidation de la paix\ndoivent se faire en m\u00eame temps. Pour tous les acteurs, il est indispensable d\u2019int\u00e9grer la protection dans toutes leurs\nactivit\u00e9s et d\u2019inclure l\u2019approche communautaire comme objectif et modalit\u00e9 d\u2019intervention.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/38ea615e-9810-30c7-b746-fae2baa29811/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_communautaire_-_juillet_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_79/raw/doc_79_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_79/raw/doc_79_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bb27c6c25d7a88dc33232838604d6a58a9187bf4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_79/raw/doc_79_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6169 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **2007 Global Trends:**\n\n## **Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees,** **Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons**\n\n_Displaced children in Elasha camps in the outskirts of Mogadishu, Somalia._\n_UNHCR/ I. Taxte_\n\n\n**June 2008**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n### I. Introduction [1]\n\nThe past year witnessed significant humanitarian developments. On the one hand, armed\nconflicts resulted in the movement of millions of people within and outside their countries; on\nthe other hand, millions of displaced were able to return home or found another durable solution.\nHowever, the net result of these developments was that the number of people uprooted by armed\nconflict continued to rise for the second consecutive year.\n\nDespite UNHCR\u2019s efforts to find durable solutions, the number of refugees and internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) under its care rose by 2.5 million in the course of year, reaching an\nunprecedented 25.1 million by the end of the reporting period. The number of refugees under\nUNHCR\u2019s responsibilty rose from 9.9 to 11.4 million by the end of 2007. The global number of\npeople affected by conflict-induced internal displacement increased from 24.4 to 26 million [2],\nwith UNHCR currently providing protection or assistance either directly or indirectly to 13.7\nmillion of them.\n\nAnalysis of refugee data reveals two major patterns. First, the vast majority of refugees are\nhosted by neighbouring countries with over 80 per cent remaining within their region of origin.\nSecond, available information indicates that the number of urban refugees continues to grow. It\nis estimated that half of the refugee population was residing in urban areas at the end of 2007. [3]\n\nWhile the number of refugees and IDPs falling under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility was estimated at\n25.1 million, available information suggests that a total of 67 million people had been forcibly\ndisplaced at the end of 2007 (see box). This\nincludes 16 million refugees, of whom 11.4\n\n|Category of forced displacement|Total (in mln)|\n|---|---|\n|Refugees under UNHCR mandate
Refugees under UNRWA mandate|11.4
4.6|\n|**Total number of refugees**|**16.0**|\n|Conflict-generated IDPs
Natural disaster IDPs|26.0
25.0|\n|**Total number of IDPs**|**51.0**|\n|**Total number of refugees and IDPs**|**67.0**|\n\n\n\nmillion were displaced as a result of armed conflict and another 25 million were displaced by\nnatural disasters [4] . In addition, while often not considered as being displaced _per se_, it is\nestimated that there are some 12 million stateless people worldwide.\n\nWith forced displacement having grown in complexity and size in recent years, the _2007 Global_\n_Trends_ report depicts some of the major humanitarian trends and developments which have\noccurred during the reporting period, that is, between January and December 2007. In particular,\nit reviews the statistical trends and changes in 2007 in the global populations for whom UNHCR\nhas been entrusted with a responsibility by the United Nations General Assembly. These include\nrefugees, returnees, stateless persons and certain groups of IDPs, collectively referred to in the\nreport as \u201cpersons of concern\u201d.\n\nThis document presents an overview of global levels and trends for each of the seven categories\nconstituting the total population of concern to UNHCR. It also analyses trends related to new\ndisplacement, either in the form of massive outflows or of people having sought international\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 This report has been prepared by the Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS), Division of Operational\nServices at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva. Any questions concerning the report should be addressed to FICSS at\nstats@unhcr.org. Visit also UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.\n2 Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).\n3 Information on the location is available for 8.8 million out of the 11.4 million refugees (77%) at the end of 2007.\n4 Source: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).\n\n\n_**2**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee data", - "confidence": 0.9974303841590881, - "start": 210, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6791955828666687, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6957272887229919, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8424673080444336, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available information", - "confidence": 0.9503167271614075, - "start": 243, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6684985160827637, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5697522163391113, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugees under UNHCR mandate", - "confidence": 0.633280873298645, - "start": 357, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7974390983581543, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.576422393321991, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical Online Population Database", - "confidence": 0.6838397979736328, - "start": 699, - "end": 703 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7891788482666016, - "start": 655, - "end": 656 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6790481805801392, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5693612694740295, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6103720664978027, - "start": 743, - "end": 744 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\nprotection on an individual basis. Finding durable solutions for those who have sought\ninternational protection is central to UNHCR\u2019s mandate and therefore integral to this report.\nInformation on the demographic composition of the population falling under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility, crucial for all planning and programming activities, also features in this\ndocument.\n\nThis report is limited to populations for whom UNHCR has a mandate, and therefore does not\npretend to provide a comprehensive picture of global forced displacement. For example, some\n4.6 million Palestinian refugees who fall under the mandate of UNRWA are not included in the\nanalysis. Likewise, the report only covers IDPs generated by conflict and who benefited directly\nor indirectly from UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities, in particular as part of the\ncollective response to help IDPs through the Cluster Approach. [5]\n\nIt is important to note that UNHCR\u2019s internal review of statistical classifications and definitions,\nwhich started in 2006, continued throughout 2007. One of the main goals of this review was to\nlook at the statistical instruments and processes the Office applies with the purpose of\nharmonizing its approach, thus rendering UNHCR statistics more consistent across countries and\ncategories. Based on the conclusions of this review, two major changes were introduced to the\n2007 statistics. First, the methodology for estimating refugees in industrialized countries was\nrevised. And second, certain groups or categories of populations previously included under\nOthers of concern to UNHCR were reclassified.\n\nSome industrialized countries lack a dedicated refugee register. To ensure that the refugee\npopulation in these countries is nevertheless reflected in the global refugee statistics, UNHCR\nmade estimates based on refugee arrivals through resettlement programmes, as well as the\nrecognition of refugees on an individual basis. For statistical purposes and based on the\nestimated average time it would take for a refugee to become naturalized, a 10-year period was\napplied for Europe and a 5-year period for Australia, Canada, and New Zealand under the\nprevious methodology. Following the internal review, two changes were introduced that affected\nthe 2007 statistics. First, refugees arriving through resettlement programmes are no longer\nincluded as they have found a durable solution. As such, some 820,000 resettled refugees have\nbeen excluded from the 2007 statistics. Second, to ensure consistency, a cut-off period of 10\nyears will be systematically applied to all industrialized countries where refugee figures are\nbased on UNHCR estimates. This change has no influence on the estimates for Europe, but it\ndoes affect the estimates for Australia, Canada and New Zealand. In the case of the United States\nof America, the period had already been changed in 2006 from 5 to 10 years based on new\nstatistical evidence.\n\nThe second major change relates to the category Others of concern to UNHCR. A\nreclassification of UNHCR statistics led to a significant reduction of individuals included in this\ngroup. People who are considered to be in a refugee-like situation or an IDP-like situation were\nremoved from the Others of concern group. [6] They are now included in the respective sub-groups\nunder Refugee population and IDP population. The global refugee figure is obtained by adding\nup refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Likewise, the global number of IDPs who are\nprotected and/or assisted by the Office is derived by adding up IDPs and people in IDP-like\nsituations. Because of these major changes, the 2007 refugee and IDP figures are not fully\ncomparable with previous years. The total population of concern, however, has remained\nunaffected despite these adjustments.\n\n\n5 In December 2005, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee endorsed the _Cluster Approach_ for situations of internal\ndisplacement. Under this arrangement, UNHCR assumes leadership responsibility and accountability for three of the nine\n\u201cclusters\u201d, namely: protection; emergency shelter; and camp coordination and camp management.\n6 The definition of \u201crefugee-like situation\u201d and \u201cIDP-like situation\u201d is provided on page 4.\n\n\n_**3**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9586998224258423, - "start": 218, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9740244150161743, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.6897598505020142, - "start": 253, - "end": 255 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.589850664138794, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8695029616355896, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6058852076530457, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global refugee statistics", - "confidence": 0.9977536797523499, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.982417106628418, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.780177116394043, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Europe", - "confidence": 0.6145910620689392, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8092015981674194, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.877792477607727, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2007 statistics", - "confidence": 0.6618155837059021, - "start": 384, - "end": 386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8897863626480103, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7965448498725891, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9778583645820618, - "start": 523, - "end": 525 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5413339734077454, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5459492802619934, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global refugee figure", - "confidence": 0.599881649017334, - "start": 579, - "end": 582 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5824161767959595, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7235758900642395, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee and IDP figures", - "confidence": 0.9325010776519775, - "start": 631, - "end": 635 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9982958436012268, - "start": 630, - "end": 631 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6249184608459473, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\nEven though global migration poses a challenge for asylum and refugee management, this report\ndoes not address mixed migration flows. The main reason is the lack of reliable and precise\nstatistical data that would be required for an evidence-based analysis of this phenomenon. [7]\nUnless otherwise specified, the report does not refer to events occurring after 31 December 2007.\n\nThe statistics in this report have for the most part been reported by UNHCR country offices,\nbased on Government sources, non-governmental organizations and UNHCR\u2019s registration\nprogrammes. The numbers have been rounded up to the closest hundredth or thousandth, as the\ncase may be, for the purposes of this report. As some adjustments may need to be made for the\npublication of the _2007 Statistical Yearbook_, to be published later this year, they should be\nconsidered as provisional and may be subject to change.\n\n**Who are included in the statistics?**\n\nThe persons of concern included in this report comprise seven different groups, namely: (a)\nrefugees; (b) asylum-seekers; (c) internally displaced persons (IDPs); (d) refugees who have\nreturned home (returnees); (e) IDPs who have returned home; (f) stateless persons; and (g) other\npeople who do not fall under any of the above categories but to whom the Office extends its\nprotection and/or assistance activities. Two additional sub-categories have been added: (i) people\nin refugee-like situations (included under refugees); and (ii) people in IDP-like situations\n(included under IDPs).\n\n**Refugees** include individuals recognized under the _1951 Convention relating to the Status of_\n_Refugees;_ its 1967 Protocol; the _1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of_\n_Refugee Problems in Africa_ ; those recognized in accordance with the UNHCR Statute;\nindividuals granted complementary forms of protection [8] ; or, those enjoying \u201ctemporary\nprotection\u201d [9] .\n\nThe 2007 refugee population category includes people in a refugee-like situation, most of who\nwere previously included in the Others of concern group. This sub-category is descriptive in\nnature and includes groups of persons who are outside their country or territory of origin and\nwho face protection risks similar to those of refugees, but for whom refugee status has, for\npractical or other reasons, not been ascertained.\n\n**Asylum-seekers** are individuals whose applications for asylum or refugee status are pending a\nfinal decision. Those covered in this report refer particularly to claimants whose individual\napplications were pending as of the end of 2007, irrespective of when they may have been\nlodged (the so-called \u201cbacklog\u201d of undecided or \u201cpending cases\u201d).\n\n**Internally displaced persons** are people or groups of individuals who have been forced to leave\ntheir homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of, or in order to avoid the\neffects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or\nnatural- or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an international border. [10] For\n\n\n7 As part of UNHCR\u2019s strategy to address the phenomenon of mixed migration flows, UNHCR has developed the \u201c10-Point-Plan\nof Action\u201d which aims at ensuring that protection space continues to be available for people in need of international protection.\nSee http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/4742a30b4.pdf for further information.\n8 Complementary protection refers to formal permission, under national law, provided on humanitarian ground to persons who\nare in need of international protection to reside in a country, even though they might not qualify for refugee status under\nconventional refugee criteria.\n9 Temporary protection refers to arrangements developed by States to offer protection of a temporary nature to persons arriving\nen masse from situations of conflict or generalized violence without the necessity for formal or individual status determination.\n10 Source: Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons (provisional release), p.6, Global Protection Cluster\nWorking Group, December 2007 (www.humanitarianreform.org).\n\n\n_**4**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\npurposes of UNHCR\u2019s statistics, this population only includes conflict-generated IDPs to whom\nthe Office extends protection and/or assistance.\n\nThe 2007 IDP population category includes people in IDP-like situations. This sub-category is\ndescriptive in nature and includes groups of persons who are inside their country of nationality\nor habitual residence and who face protection risks similar to those of IDPs but who, for\npractical or other reasons, could not be reported as such.\n\n**Returned refugees (returnees)** refer to refugees who have returned voluntarily to their country\nof origin or place of habitual residence. For purposes of this report, only refugees who returned\nbetween January and December 2007 are included.\n\n**Returned IDPs**, for purposes of this report, refer to those internally displaced persons who were\nbeneficiaries of UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities and who returned to their areas of\norigin or habitual residence between January and December 2007.\n\n**Stateless persons** are individuals not considered as nationals by any State under relevant\nnational laws. The statistics in this report on statelessness also include people with undetermined\nnationality. UNHCR has been called upon by the General Assembly to contribute to the\nprevention and reduction of statelessness and to report regularly on the magnitude of the\nphenomenon. The Office has been tasked to fulfil the functions under Article 11 of the _1961_\n_Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness_ and to act as an intermediary between States and\nstateless persons.\n\n**Other groups or persons of concern** refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly\ninto any of the groups above but to whom UNHCR has extended its protection and/or assistance\nservices, based on humanitarian or other special grounds.\n\n### **II. Overview of global trends**\n\ndecrease of 1.2 million people (-3%). While the global\nrefugee population and the number of IDPs protected\n\n\n**category, end-2007** of 2007, there were an estimated 11.4 million refugees\n\nAsylum- under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility, including some 1.7\n\n\npartner in the framework of shared responsibility\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Fig 2: Total population by**\n**category, end-2007**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\n\n\n\nAsylumseekers Various\n\n\n\nrefugees\n2.3%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**5**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.8864138722419739, - "start": 205, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.836353063583374, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6290087699890137, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6213615536689758, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.7973721623420715, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\nthe year, a total of 13.7 million IDPs, including 146,000 people in IDP-like situations, were\nreceiving humanitarian assistance under both the Cluster Approach and other arrangements in\nwhich UNHCR was either the lead agency or a partner.\n\nAt close to 3 million, the number of stateless persons [11] had almost halved in 2007 compared with\n5.8 million in 2006. These figures, however, do not capture the full scale or magnitude of the\nphenomenon of statelessness for the reporting period. A significant number of stateless people\nhave not been systematically identified and the statistical data on statelessness is not yet\navailable in many cases.\n\n\n**Map 1: Total population by category, end-2007**\n\n_(See Annex table 7 for details on stateless persons)_\n\n\nThe sections below present an overview of major trends and levels for each of the population\ncategories, including demographic characteristics. They also make reference to the revised\nmethodology, where applicable.\n\n### **III. Refugee population**\n\nThe steady decline in refugee numbers witnessed since 2002 was reversed in 2006 when\nnumbers started going up again. By the end of 2006, there were an estimated 9.9 million\nrefugees. One year later, the global figure of refugees stood at 11.4 million [12], including 1.7\nmillion people considered by UNHCR to be in a refugee-like situation. In view of the changes\nintroduced in the methodology and the scope referred to earlier for estimating refugee\n\n\n11 Refugees and asylum-seekers who are at the same time also stateless persons are not included in this figure. They are reflected\nin the figures relating to the refugee and asylum-seeker groups concerned.\n12 As indicated already, this figure does not include 4.6 million Palestinian refugees who fall under the responsibility of\nUNRWA.\n\n\n_**6**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\npopulations in a number of countries, the 2007 figure is not fully comparable with those of\nprevious years. If applying the pre-2007 methodology for computing and classifying the global\nrefugee population, i.e. including resettled refugees in industrialized countries and excluding\npeople in refugee-like situations, the\nfigure would have been 10.3\nmillion. This would have constituted\n\n|Table 1: Refugee population by UNHCR regions, end-2007|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|UNHCR regions|Refugees|People in
refugee-like
situations|Total
refugees
end-2007|\n|- Central Africa and Great Lakes
- East and Horn of Africa
- Southern Africa
- West Africa
Total Africa*
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East and North Africa|1,100,100

815,200

181,200

174,700

2,271,200

499,900

2,675,900

1,580,200

2,654,000
|-

-

-

-

-

487,600

1,149,100

5,100

67,600
|1,100,100

815,200

181,200

174,700

2,271,200

987,500

3,825,000

1,585,300

2,721,600
|\n|**Total**
**9,681,200**

**1,709,400**

**11,390,600**

* Excluding North Africa.|**Total**
**9,681,200**

**1,709,400**

**11,390,600**

* Excluding North Africa.|**Total**
**9,681,200**

**1,709,400**

**11,390,600**

* Excluding North Africa.|**Total**
**9,681,200**

**1,709,400**

**11,390,600**

* Excluding North Africa.|\n\n\n\nhosted respectively 20 and 14 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees. The Americas region had the\nsmallest share of refugees (9%), with Colombians constituting the largest number.\n\nThe number of refugees in the Middle East and North Africa region increased as a result of the\nvolatile situation in Iraq. According to Government estimates, Jordan and the Syrian Arab\nRepublic together host some 2 million Iraqis.\nConversely, in Africa [13], the number of refugees\ndecreased by 6 per cent during the year, primarily due to\nthe successful voluntary repatriation operations to\n\nChad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia\n\nCameroon (25,000), Sudan (22,500), and Uganda\n\nAmericas and the Asia and Pacific regions. In the latter,\nthe total refugee population increased by 1 million due\n\nsituation in Pakistan who are living outside refugee\nvillages. [14] In the Americas, Colombians in Ecuador\n(250,000) and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n13 In the absence of refugee-like situations identified in Africa, the 2006 and 2007 refugee figures are fully comparable.\n14 Refugee figures for Pakistan include recognized Afghan refugees (1,700), registered Afghans in refugee villages who are\nassisted by UNHCR (886,700), and registered Afghans outside refugee villages who are living in a \u201crefugee-like\u201d situation\n(1,145,800). Individuals in all categories have been issued a Proof of Registration Card by the Government of Pakistan.\nFollowing the completion of the registration exercise in 2007, those living outside refugee villages are now in the \u201crefugee-like\u201d\ncategory. They do not receive direct UNHCR material assistance but they benefit from advocacy and upon return reintegration\nsupport.\n\n\n_**7**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global\nrefugee population", - "confidence": 0.5519419312477112, - "start": 37, - "end": 40 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9141275882720947, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6814529299736023, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7703307271003723, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Total Africa", - "confidence": 0.5458755493164062, - "start": 165, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee figures", - "confidence": 0.9484236240386963, - "start": 876, - "end": 878 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.6792752742767334, - "start": 756, - "end": 757 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9714145660400391, - "start": 873, - "end": 874 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "recognized Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.622907280921936, - "start": 888, - "end": 891 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nhaving previously been reported under the Others of concern group). Moreover, by excluding\nresettled refugees from the refugee population in the United States of America, the figures\ndropped from 844,000 to 281,000.\n\nIn Europe, a census conducted in Armenia, among\nArmenian refugees from Azerbaijan, established\nthat the majority of them had either been\nnaturalized or left the country. The refugee figure\nthus dropped from 113,700 at the beginning of the\nyear to 4,600 at the end of 2007.\n\nThe 10 major refugee hosting countries in 2006\nwere the same as in 2007, but in a different order.\nPakistan [15] continued to be the asylum country\nwith the single largest number of refugees (2\n\n_Afghan refugee in Pakistan receiving Proof of Registration Card._\n\nmillion), principally, because of the inclusion of _UNHCR/ V. Tan_\nregistered Afghans living outside refugee villages.\nAccording to Government estimates, the Syrian Arab Republic was host to 1.5 million Iraqi\nrefugees, making it thus the second largest refugee hosting country at the end of the year. The\nIslamic Republic of Iran hosted close to 964,000 refugees, almost all Afghans. Germany reported\nsome 579,000 refugees, a reduction of almost 26,000 compared to last year due to an improved\nGovernment registration system that yielded more accurate statistics. [16] Whereas the refugee\nfigure for Jordan remained virtually unchanged (500,300) [17], in the United Republic of Tanzania,\nthe refugee population dropped to 435,600 due to the voluntary repatriation of 39,500 Burundian\nand 28,400 Congolese refugees. Bearing in mind the change in the methodology for computing\nthe refugee population, the United States of America was estimated to have some 281,000\nrefugees.\n\nAfghanistan continued to be the leading country of origin. As of the end of 2007, there were\nalmost 3.1 million Afghan refugees, or 27 per cent of the global refugee population. Even though\nAfghan refugees were to be found in 72 asylum countries worldwide, 96 per cent of them was\nlocated in Pakistan and the Islamic\n\n**Fig 3: Major refugee hosting countries,**\n\nRepublic of Iran alone. Iraqis were the\n\n**end-2007**\n\nsecond largest group, with 2.3 million\nhaving sought refuge mainly in Pakistan* 2,033,100\nneighbouring countries. Afghan and Iraqi Syrian Arab Rep.** 1,503,800\nrefugees account for almost half of all Islamic Rep. of Iran 963,500\nrefugees under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility Germany 578,900\nworldwide, followed by Colombians Jordan** 500,300\n(552,000). Following successful United Rep. of Tanzania 435,600\nrepatriation operation to Southern Sudan, China 301,100\nthe number of Sudanese refugees globally United Kingdom*** 299,700\ndecreased from 635,000 to 523,000. Other Chad 294,000\nmain source countries were Somalia United States*** 281,200\n(457,000), Burundi (376,000), and the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo _* Includes Afghans in a refugee-like situation._\n\n_** Government estimate._\n\n(370,000) (see Map 2 below). _*** UNHCR estimate based on 10 years of individual recognition of_\n\n_asylum-seekers. Figure excludes resettled refugees._\n\n\n15 See preceding footnote.\n16 With introduction of the 2005 Immigration Act, the Central Aliens Register now encompasses new residence categories and\nsimultaneously refines previous ones, allowing for a better differentiation of the figures.\n17 Number of Iraqis estimated by the Government.\n\n\n\n_Afghan refugee in Pakistan receiving Proof of Registration Card._\n_UNHCR/ V. Tan_\n\n\n\n**Fig 3: Major refugee hosting countries,**\n**end-2007**\n\n\n\nPakistan*\n\n\n\n2,033,100\n\n\n\nSyrian Arab Rep.**\n\n\nIslamic Rep. of Iran\n\n\n\n1,503,800\n\n\n\n963,500\n\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nJordan**\n\n\n\n578,900\n\n\n\n500,300\n\n\n\nUnited Rep. of Tanzania\n\n\n\n435,600\n\n\n\nChina\n\n\n\nUnited Kingdom***\n\n\n\nChad\n\n\n\n301,100\n\n\n299,700\n\n\n294,000\n\n\n281,200\n\n\n\nUnited States***\n\n\n\n\n_* Includes Afghans in a refugee-like situation._\n_** Government estimate._\n_*** UNHCR estimate based on 10 years of individual recognition of_\n_asylum-seekers. Figure excludes resettled refugees._\n\n\n\n_**8**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n### **IV. Durable solutions**\n\nSecuring durable solutions for refugees is core element of international protection and part of\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate. These solutions can take three different forms: (i) voluntary repatriation to\nthe home country; (ii) resettlement in another country; or (iii) finding appropriate permanent\nintegration mechanisms in the country of asylum. Voluntary repatriation is the durable solution\nwhich generally benefits the largest number of refugees. Resettlement is a key protection tool\nand a significant burden and responsibility-sharing mechanism. Local integration, the third\ndurable solution, is a legal, socio-economic and political process by which refugees\nprogressively become part of the host society. It is, however, difficult to quantify in numerical\nterms given the large variety of forms it can take. The analysis of the data in this document is\nlimited to local integration through naturalization, whereby the full range of protection is\nextended to refugees by the host country.\n\nVoluntary repatriation\n\nBased on consolidated reports from countries **Fig 4: Refugee returns, 1998-2007**\n\n(Mln.)\n\nof asylum (departure) and origin (arrival), it 2.5 UNHCR-assisted\nis estimated that close to 731,000 refugees\n\n2.0 non-assisted\n\nrepatriated voluntarily during 2007, virtually\nthe same number as in 2006 (734,000). The 1.5\nmain countries of return included 1.0\nAfghanistan (374,000) [18], Sudan (130,700),\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.5\n(60,000), Iraq (45,400), and Liberia (44,400). 0.0\nThe largest number of refugee departures '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07\n\n\n\n(Mln.)\n\n\n\n**Fig 4: Refugee returns, 1998-2007**\n\n\n\n2.5\n\n\n\nUNHCR-assisted\n\n\n\n2.0\n\n\n\nnon-assisted\n\n\n\n1.5\n\n\n\n1.0\n\n\n\n0.5\n\n\n\n0.0\n\n\n\n'98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07\n\n\n\n18 All Afghans registered in Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran who avail themselves of voluntary repatriation are\nreflected as returnees because they receive transportation and reintegration assistance. In 2007, at the request of the Government\nof Pakistan, a grace period was provided to unregistered Afghans residing in Pakistan who wished to return and they were also\nassisted. The figure includes 206,000 unregistered Afghans, who returned during that period and benefited from repatriation\nassistance.\n\n\n_**9**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nwas reported by Pakistan (365,700), Uganda (76,700), the United Republic of Tanzania (67,900),\nand the Syrian Arab Republic (45,000).\n\nWhereas the past decade has seen large-scale\nreturn movements of refugees, mainly due to the\nreturn of millions of Afghans, the total numbers\nof refugees who have returned during 2006 and\n2007 were the second- and third-lowest of the\npast 15 years. Only in 2001 was the number of\nreturns lower (462,000). Globally, an estimated\n11.4 million refugees have returned home over\nthe past 10 years, 7.3 million, or 65 per cent, of\nthem with UNHCR assistance.\n\nResettlement\n\n_55,000 Sudanese refugees returned home with UNHCR\u2019s assistance_\n_in 2007. UNHCR/ E. Denholm_\n\nResettlement is used as a vital protection tool, a\ndurable solution and an international responsibility sharing mechanism. It aims to provide\nprotection to refugees whose life, liberty, safety, health or fundamental human rights are at risk\nin their country of asylum. It is normally only promoted by UNHCR when the other durable\nsolutions are not viable or feasible.\n\nCurrently, resettlement benefits only a small number of refugees. In 2007, less than 1 per cent of\nthe world\u2019s refugees directly benefited from resettlement. During 1998-2007, some 821,000\nrefugees were accepted by third asylum countries through resettlement programmes, compared\nto 11.4 million refugees who were able to repatriate. Thus, for every refugee who has been\nresettled since 1998, about 14 have repatriated.\n\nIn 2007, UNHCR submitted 99,000\nindividuals for resettlement consideration by\n\nand 83 per cent above the 2006 level (54,200).\nThe significant increase in the number of\n\nrefugees in need of this solution, and a more\n\nDuring the year, some 49,900 individuals,\nincluding 49,600 refugees, departed with\nUNHCR assistance [19], almost 20,400 more\nthan the year before. By nationality, the main\nbeneficiaries of the UNHCR-facilitated resettlement programmes were refugees from Myanmar\n(20,200), Burundi (6,300), Somalia (5,900), Iraq (3,800), the Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(2,500), and Afghanistan (2,300).\n\nSome 76 UNHCR country offices were engaged in facilitating resettlement departures of\nrefugees during 2007, eight less than in 2006. The largest number of refugees resettled with\n\n\n\n_55,000 Sudanese refugees returned home with UNHCR\u2019s assistance_\n_in 2007. UNHCR/ E. Denholm_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n19 The disparity between submissions and departures is partly explained by the time delay between a submission by UNHCR and\nthe decision by a resettlement State to allow for the refugee to travel. In many cases, a decision by a resettlement State is made\nseveral months after a UNHCR submission; hence the travel of refugees submitted for resettlement in 2007 might occur the\nfollowing calendar year, particularly for those cases submitted in the last quarter of 2007.\n\n\n_**10**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2007 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.8740159869194031, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.5803989768028259, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8172881603240967, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8969809412956238, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8628504872322083, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\nUNHCR assistance departed from Thailand (14,600), Kenya (6,500), the United Republic of\nTanzania (6,200), Malaysia (5,600), and Turkey (2,700). These five UNHCR offices together\naccounted for 7 out of every 10 UNHCR-assisted resettlement departures in 2007.\n\nA total of 75,300 refugees were admitted by 14\nresettlement countries, including the United\nStates of America (48,300) [20], Canada (11,200),\nAustralia (9,600), Sweden (1,800), Norway\n(1,100), and New Zealand (740). Overall, this\nwas 5 per cent above the total for 2006 (71,700).\nOver the last few years, States in Latin America\nhave emerged as new resettlement countries,\nalbeit at a lower scale, offering a durable\nsolution for refugees primarily from Colombia.\n\n\n_A US-bound refugee from Bhutan bids her friends and relatives_\n\nLocal integration _goodbye in eastern Nepal\u2019s Sanischare camp. UNHCR/ V. Tan_\n\nWhile the degree and nature of local integration is difficult to measure in quantitative terms,\nsome countries document the acquisition of nationality, the final and crucial step towards\nobtaining the full protection of the asylum country. Even in those cases where refugees acquire\nthe citizenship through naturalization, statistical data is usually very limited as the countries\nconcerned generally do not distinguish between refugees and others who have been naturalized.\nMoreover, national laws in many countries do not permit refugees to become naturalized. The\nnaturalization of refugees is both restricted and under-reported.\n\nThe limited data on naturalization of refugees available to UNHCR show that during the past\ndecade, more than 1 million refugees were granted citizenship by their asylum country. The\nUnited States of America alone accounted for more than half of them, even though their 2007\nnumbers are not yet available. Azerbaijan and Armenia also granted citizenship to a significant\nnumber of refugees during the same period (188,400 and 65,000 respectively). UNHCR was\ninformed of refugees being granted citizenship in Belgium (12,000), the United Republic of\nTanzania (730), Armenia (700), Finland (570), and Ireland (370).\n\n### **V. Age and sex characteristics**\n\nWomen, men, girls and boys have common, but also specific, protection needs. Collecting sexand age-disaggregated information on the population falling under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility is\ntherefore critical for planning, monitoring and evaluating humanitarian interventions and\nprogrammes. Demographic information on displaced populations, however, is not always\navailable for all countries. It tends to be more available in countries where UNHCR is\noperationally active and less in developed countries where States are responsible for data\ncollection.\n\nAvailability of demographic data also varies, depending on the type of population. It is high for\nrefugees (available for 70%) and returnees (89%) and low for returned IDPs (7%), Others of\nconcern (10%), and stateless persons (28%). The availability also differs by region. In Asia and\nthe Americas, demographic data are available for about three quarters of the population falling\nunder UNHCR\u2019s responsibility. In Africa, demographic information was reported for about half\nof the population, in Europe for one quarter (see Table 2 below). [21]\n\n20 Resettlement statistics for the United States of America may also include persons resettled for the purpose of family\nreunification.\n21 The geographical regions used are those of the UN Statistics Division (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm).\n\n\n_**11**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical data", - "confidence": 0.9018658995628357, - "start": 261, - "end": 263 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.900489866733551, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9694190621376038, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on naturalization of refugees", - "confidence": 0.5393043756484985, - "start": 311, - "end": 316 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9580881595611572, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "past\ndecade", - "confidence": 0.7431871891021729, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9579938650131226, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sexand age-disaggregated information", - "confidence": 0.6834046840667725, - "start": 462, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8394370079040527, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic information on displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.6814892292022705, - "start": 488, - "end": 493 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic data", - "confidence": 0.9329413175582886, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5374389886856079, - "start": 613, - "end": 614 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.6106435060501099, - "start": 652, - "end": 656 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Resettlement statistics", - "confidence": 0.8591278195381165, - "start": 648, - "end": 650 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UN Statistics Division", - "confidence": 0.7681390047073364, - "start": 677, - "end": 680 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.9292930960655212, - "start": 652, - "end": 656 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nIn 2007, demographic data **Table 2: Availability of demographic data, end-2007 (in %)**\n\ncent of the population\n\nresponsibility and age\n\n|Population|Africa|Americas|Asia|Europe|Oceania|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees*/Asylum-seekers
IDPs**
Returnees (refugees)
Returnees (IDPs)
Stateless persons
Others of concern|85%
54%
77%
5%
0%
0%|15%
100%
7%
..
15%
..|89%
77%
97%
11%
38%
1%|18%
67%
95%
85%
0%
100%|7%
..
..
..
..
..|70%
71%
89%
7%
28%
10%|\n|**Total**|**54%**|**76%**|**74%**|**24%**|**7%**|**63%**|\n\nbreakdown for 42 per cent. These are the highest absolute and relative values recorded in years.\nThis significant better data coverage is the result of several factors. First, UNHCR\u2019s new\nregistration software _proGres_ continues to yield positive results. By the end of 2007, the\nsoftware has been deployed to 57 countries and includes more than 2.9 million active individual\nrecords. Second, UNHCR\u2019s refugee estimates now exclude some 820,000 resettled refugees in\nindustrialized countries whose demographic characteristics were mostly unknown. Third, as part\nof its responsibilities under the Cluster Approach, UNHCR and its partners have successfully\nconducted a number of IDP profiling exercises leading to more accurate IDP estimates in a few\ncountries, including Chad and the Central African Republic. Demographic information is now\navailable for some 9.8 million IDPs as compared to 5.9 million the year earlier. Fourth,\nfollowing the registration of more than 2 million Afghans in Pakistan, detailed demographic data\nis now available for this population.\n\nThe available data by sex (20 million\n\n**Fig 6: Percentage of women by**\n\npeople) indicates that women **population category, end-2007**\nrepresent half of most populations\nfalling under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility (see Figure 6). They\nrepresent less than half (47%) of the\nrefugees and asylum-seekers. The 47% 50% 50% 50% 50%\n\n37%\n\nlowest proportion of women is to be\nfound among the category Others of\nconcern to UNHCR (37%). The\naverage figures, however, tend to Others of Refugees/ IDPs Returned Returned Stateless\n\nconcern* Asylum- protected/ refugees IDPs* persons*\n\nhide extreme values. In the Ethiopian\n\nseekers assisted by\n\nrefugee camp of Shimelba, for UNHCR\ninstance, women represent only 23 _* Demographic data is available for less than one third of all people falling_\nper cent of the 16,000 inhabitants _into these categories. The percentages are thus not necessarily_\n\n_representative._\n\nwhile in the Chadian camp of\nAmnabak they represent 61 per cent\nof the 16,700 residents.\n\nInformation on the age breakdown was available for 42 per cent of the 31.7 million people of\nconcern to UNHCR (see Map 3 below). Some 44 per cent of these are children under the age of\n18; 10 per cent being under the age of five. Half of the population is between the ages of 18 and\n59 years, whereas 5 per cent are 60 years or older. Among refugees and people in refugee-like\nsituations, children constitute 46 per cent of the population. Their proportion is significantly\nhigher among those refugees who were able to return home in 2007 (60 per cent). This poses\nconsiderable challenges for reintegration programmes, in particular with respect to education\nfacilities, in places that face high level of destruction caused by armed conflict. In contrast,\nchildren constitute only 27 per cent of asylum-seekers, a population which traditionally has been\ndominated by single men, particularly in the industrialized world.\n\n\n\n**Table 2: Availability of demographic data, end-2007 (in %)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Including people in refugee-like situations. ** Including people in IDP-like situations.\n\n\n\n**Fig 6: Percentage of women by**\n\n**population category, end-2007**\n\n\n\n47% 50% 50% 50% 50%\n37%\n\n\n\nOthers of Refugees/\nconcern* Asylumseekers\n\n\n\nIDPs\nprotected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR\n\n\n\nReturned Returned Stateless\nrefugees IDPs* persons*\n\n\n\n\n_* Demographic data is available for less than one third of all people falling_\n_into these categories. The percentages are thus not necessarily_\n_representative._\n\n\n\n_**12**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2007 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.6302458047866821, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "demographic data", - "confidence": 0.6756069660186768, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9798516631126404, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9503345489501953, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee estimates", - "confidence": 0.5726743936538696, - "start": 410, - "end": 412 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9669527411460876, - "start": 366, - "end": 367 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.6036351919174194, - "start": 421, - "end": 423 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5137835741043091, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "resettled refugees", - "confidence": 0.7621781826019287, - "start": 418, - "end": 420 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP profiling exercises", - "confidence": 0.8787072896957397, - "start": 452, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7032384276390076, - "start": 560, - "end": 561 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.6583535671234131, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2007", - "confidence": 0.5486239790916443, - "start": 550, - "end": 551 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5666517019271851, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic data", - "confidence": 0.975357174873352, - "start": 671, - "end": 673 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopian\n\nseekers assisted by\n\nrefugee camp of Shimelba", - "confidence": 0.6871570944786072, - "start": 652, - "end": 660 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age breakdown", - "confidence": 0.6392003297805786, - "start": 727, - "end": 729 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Chadian camp of\nAmnabak", - "confidence": 0.658913791179657, - "start": 708, - "end": 712 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Availability of demographic data", - "confidence": 0.6387626528739929, - "start": 903, - "end": 907 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2007", - "confidence": 0.9518687725067139, - "start": 908, - "end": 909 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nIt is important to bear in mind that the availability of information on the age breakdown is\nparticularly limited for developed countries in Europe, North America and Oceania. Thus, the\nfigures just summarized are not fully representative for the entire population under the Office\u2019s\nmandate.\n\n### **VI. Asylum-seekers**\n\nAsylum-seekers are people who have requested international protection and whose claim for\nrefugee status has not yet been determined. It is important to note, that a person is a refugee from\nthe moment he or she fulfils the criteria set out in the refugee definition. The formal recognition,\nfor instance through individual refugee status determination, does not establish refugee status,\nbut confirms it. The following sections present some of the main trends related to asylum\napplications which have been lodged on an individual basis. Neither does it include mass refugee\ninflows nor does it make reference to people who have been accorded refugee status on a group\nor _prima facie_ basis.\n\nDuring 2007, a total of 647,200 individual **Table 3: New and appeal applications received**\napplications for asylum or refugee status **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007**\nwere submitted to Governments and Government* 791,400 615,200 586,500 499,000 541,400\nUNHCR offices in 154 countries. This UNHCR 61,800 75,500 89,300 91,500 79,800\nconstitutes a 5 per cent increase compared Jointly** 4,900 1,800 7,900 23,800 26,000\n\n% UNHCR 7% 11% 13% 15% 12%\n\nto the previous year (614,300 claims) and\nthe first raise in four years. This can - Includes revised estimates. 2007 figure is incomplete.\n\n - Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between UNHCR\n\nprimarily be attributed to the large number and the Government.\nof Iraqis seeking international protection in\nEurope. An estimated 548,000 were initial asylum applications, i.e. lodged by new asylumseekers, whereas the remaining 99,200 claims were submitted on appeal or with courts. [22]\n\n\n\n**Table 3: New and appeal applications received**\n\n\n\n**2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007**\n\n\n\nGovernment* 791,400 615,200 586,500 499,000 541,400\n\nUNHCR 61,800 75,500 89,300 91,500 79,800\n\nJointly** 4,900 1,800 7,900 23,800 26,000\n\n% UNHCR 7% 11% 13% 15% 12%\n\n\n\n\n- Includes revised estimates. 2007 figure is incomplete.\n\n\n\n\n- Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between UNHCR\nand the Government.\n\n\n\n22 Statistical information on outcomes of asylum appeals and court proceedings is under-reported in UNHCR statistics,\nparticularly in developed countries, because this type of data is often either not collected by States or not published separately.\n\n\n_**13**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nUNHCR offices registered some 79,800 applications out of the total of 647,200 claims in 2007.\nThe Office\u2019s share has increased in recent years and peaked in 2006 when UNHCR registered 15\nper cent of all asylum applications globally. In 2007, UNHCR\u2019s share, however, dropped to 12\nper cent, primarily due to the exclusion of Somali asylum-seekers in Kenya who are recognized\nby UNHCR as refugees on a _prima facie_ basis upon registration.\n\nWith 332,400 asylum claims registered during the year, Europe remained the primary destination\nfor people applying for asylum on an individual basis, followed by Africa (147,100). The\nAmericas and Asia recorded 100,300 and 60,700 respectively while Oceania received 6,700\nasylum-seekers. [23] It should be noted that these figures include applicants who have been\nunsuccessful at first instance and subsequently filed an appeal.\n\n**New individual asylum applications received**\n\nAfter having been the second most important\ndestination for new asylum-seekers in 2005 and 2006\n(48,900 and 50,800 claims respectively), the United\n\nnew claims (45,600). With a cumulative total of more\nthan 251,000 individual asylum applications since 2002, this country is one of the largest\nrecipients in the world. Sweden was the third largest recipient during 2007 (36,400 claims),\nmostly due to the arrival of Iraqi asylum-seekers. The 2007 level was also the third highest ever\nwitnessed in the country since 1992 (84,000 claims) [25] and 1993 (37,600 claims). Other important\ndestination countries for asylum-seekers were France (29,400), the United Kingdom (27,900),\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n23 For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in industrialized countries, see _Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries,_\n_2007,_ UNHCR Geneva, March 2008, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.\n24 Estimated number of individuals based on the number of new cases (25,700) and multiplied by 1.4 to reflect the average\nnumber of individuals per case (Source: Department of Homeland Security); and number of new \u201cdefensive\u201d asylum requests\nlodged with the Executive Office of Immigration Review (14,800, reported by individuals).\n25 Out of the 84,000 requests submitted in 1992, more than 69,000 were lodged by citizens of the former Yugoslavia.\n\n\n_**14**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nBy nationality, the highest number of new asylum claims was filed by individuals originating\nfrom Iraq (52,000), Somalia (46,100), Eritrea (36,000), Colombia (23,200), the Russian\nFederation (21,800), Ethiopia (21,600), and Zimbabwe (20,700) (see Map 4). Whereas Iraqi\ncitizens claimed asylum in 89 countries worldwide during 2007, almost half of those claims were\nlodged in Sweden (18,600) and Greece\n(5,500). Similarly, half of all Somali\n\nclaims) and Ethiopia (7,800) while\nColombians primarily sought asylum in\n\nstatus in Poland (9,200) and France\n(3,300). The highest number of Ethiopian asylum-seekers was to be found in Somalia (6,500\nnew claims) and South Africa (3,400), whereas 85 per cent of all Zimbabwean asylum requests\nin 2007 were lodged in South Africa (17,700 applications).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProvisional figures indicate that an estimated 468,600 decisions on individual asylum\napplications were rendered during 2007, a 6 per cent decrease as compared to the 500,800\ndecisions taken in 2006 and a 17 per cent decrease compared to 2005 (567,100 decisions). These\nfigures exclude cases which were closed for administrative reasons [26], without taking a decision\non the substance. In 2007, more than 171,000 cases were closed without a substantive decision\nissued to the applicant. It is important to note that the 2007 data is still incomplete owing to the\nfact that a few States have not yet released all their official statistics. As a consequence, the 2007\ndecision data quoted in this document are not fully comparable with previous years. Out of the\n468,600 substantive decisions in 2007, UNHCR staff adjudicated more than 51,000, or 11 per\n\n\n26 Also labeled as \"non-substantive\" decisions which might result from, among others, the death of the applicant, no-show for\ninterview, withdrawal of the application, or abandonment of the claim.\n\n\n_**15**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2007 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.6463034749031067, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7741929292678833, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9749085903167725, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi\ncitizens", - "confidence": 0.5910006165504456, - "start": 81, - "end": 83 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.686641275882721, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.684562087059021, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9161163568496704, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ethiopian asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8175934553146362, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\ncent, the same relative share as in previous **Table 5: Substantive decisions taken**\nyears. In five countries, including Ethiopia **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007***\nand Israel, more than 20,000 substantive Government 676,100 579,400 501,900 427,600 396,800\ndecisions were taken jointly by UNHCR UNHCR 39,900 45,400 60,100 56,400 51,200\nand the Government concerned. Jointly** 2,500 500 5,200 16,800 20,600\n\n% UNHCR 6% 7% 11% 11% 11%\n\n\n - 2007 figure is incomplete.\n\nSome 209,000 asylum-seekers were - Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between UNHCR\nrecognized as refugees or given a and the Government.\ncomplementary form of protection in the course of 2007. This number includes an estimated\n27,800 individuals who initially received a negative decision, but that outcome was subsequently\noverturned at the appeal or review stage, indicating possible deficiencies of the asylum\nprocedure in some countries. In Europe, 44,100 asylum-seekers were granted individual refugee\nstatus under the 1951 Convention and another 49,200 a complementary form of protection\n(including subsidiary protection and humanitarian status). Both figures were significantly higher\nthan in 2006, with the former having increased by 33 per cent and the latter by a striking 45 per\ncent. One fourth of all positive decisions in Europe in 2007 were issued to Iraqi asylum-seekers.\nOther nationalities receiving international protection in Europe were asylum-seekers originating\nfrom the Russian Federation (9,600 positive decisions), Somalia (7,300), Eritrea (6,100), and\nSerbia (5,500).\n\nWith more than 51,000 positive decisions in 2007, Africa was the second largest region in terms\nof recognizing asylum-seekers. Here, in particular Eritrean and Somali asylum-seekers were\naccorded international protection on an individual basis (17,900 and 14,600 positive decisions\nrespectively). In Asia, close to 35,000 asylum-seekers were recognized as refugees or granted a\ncomplementary form of protection (including 16,700 asylum-seekers from Myanmar). In the\nAmericas, more than 28,000 asylum-seekers were recognized as refugees, mostly in the United\nStates of America (18,000) and Canada (5,900).\n\nIn addition to the 209,000 people who received a positive decision on their asylum application\nduring 2007, more than 259,500 claims were rejected on substantive grounds, 49,300 less than\nthe year before. This number includes negative decisions at the first instance which might be\nappealed. Asylum-seekers who appealed a negative decision at first instance may have been\ncounted twice in this figure.\n\nAt the global level, the Refugee Recognition Rate\n(RRR) amounted to an estimated 32 per cent of all\ndecisions taken during 2007 while the Total\nRecognition Rate (TRR) was 45 per cent. [27] Both\nvalues were above the corresponding rates in 2006\n(28 per cent for RRR and 38 per cent for TRR). It is\nimportant to bear in mind that recognition rates at\nthe global level are purely indicative given that some\nStates have not yet reported their asylum data.\nMoreover, in reality the proportion of positive\n\n_An asylum-seeker stands amid the crowd gathered outside_\n\ndecisions is higher, because people rejected on _a South African government office processing applications_\nappeal are counted twice. _for asylum. UNHCR/ J. Redden_\n\n\n\n**Table 5: Substantive decisions taken**\n\n\n\n**2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007***\n\n\n\nGovernment 676,100 579,400 501,900 427,600 396,800\n\nUNHCR 39,900 45,400 60,100 56,400 51,200\n\nJointly** 2,500 500 5,200 16,800 20,600\n% UNHCR 6% 7% 11% 11% 11%\n\n\n\n\n- 2007 figure is incomplete.\n\n- Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between UNHCR\nand the Government.\n\n\n\n_An asylum-seeker stands amid the crowd gathered outside_\n_a South African government office processing applications_\n_for asylum. UNHCR/ J. Redden_\n\n\n\n27 In the absence of an internationally agreed methodology for calculating recognition rates, UNHCR uses two rates to compute\nthe proportion of refugee claims accepted during the year. The **Refugee Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers\ngranted Convention refugee status by the total number of accepted (Convention and, where relevant, complementary protection)\nand rejected cases. The **Total Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status and\ncomplementary form of protection by the total number of accepted (Convention and, where relevant, complementary protection)\nand rejected cases. Non-substantive decisions are, to the extent possible, excluded from both calculations. For the purpose of\ninternational comparability, UNHCR only uses these two recognition rates and does not report nationally calculated rates.\n\n\n_**16**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nBy the end of the year, close to 740,000\n\n**Different recognition rates \u2013**\n\nindividuals were still awaiting a decision on their **different practices?**\nasylum claim at the global level. This figure\n\nSignificant differences in recognition rates\n\nincludes people at any level of the asylum\n\nbetween countries may point to different standards\n\nprocedure and the real magnitude of undecided of treatment for asylum-seekers. The example of\nasylum cases is unknown because a sizeable Iraqi asylum-seekers below might point into this\nnumber of countries were not able to report this direction. For instance, the recognition rate for\n\nIraqi asylum-seekers in Greece shows zero while\n\ntype of information. Based on the information\n\nin Germany roughly two thirds of Iraqis were\n\navailable to UNHCR, the number of asylum\nrecognized as refugees. In the United Kingdom, on\n\nseekers awaiting a decision globally has gone the other hand, only 15 per cent of all substantive\ndown by one third since 2002. This could be an decisions related to Iraqi asylum claims resulted in\nindication that asylum procedures have become refugee status. In Sweden, out of a total of 9,876\n\npositive decisions on Iraqi claims, 98 per cent\n\nmore efficient, but may also coincide with a\n\nwere granted a complementary form of protection.\n\ndecrease in the number of new asylum\napplications submitted in the past few years. **Recognition rate for Iraqi asylum-seekers, 2007***\n\n|Country|Conv-
ention
status|Non-
Conv-
ention
status**|Reje-
cted|% Conv
ention
status
***|-
RRR|TRR|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|Austria
215
143
96
60.1%
47.4%
78.9%
Belgium
206
238
241
46.4%
30.1%
64.8%
Germany
1,766
22
996
98.8%
63.4%
64.2%
Greece
0
0
3,948
..
0.0%
0.0%
Netherlands
231
1,263
474
15.5%
11.7%
75.9%
Norway
54
471
387
10.3%
5.9%
57.6%
Sweden
168
9,708
2,380
1.7%
1.4%
80.6%
UK
210
135
1,095
60.9%
14.6%
24.0%|\n\n\n\nhowever, were not yet available. In the United decisions are excluded.\nStates of America, the number of pending cases ** Complementary form of protection, subsidiary protection,\n\nhumanitarian status etc.\n\nat the end of (its fiscal) year totalled 84,000. *** Percentage of Convention status granted out of total positive\nOther countries with high numbers of pending decisions (Convention + non-Convention).\ncases included Austria (38,400), Canada\n(37,500), and Germany (34,100).\n\n### **VII. Internally Displaced Persons**\n\nUNHCR does not have a global mandate to protect or assist all conflict-generated IDPs,\nestimated at some 26 million. [28] Since the introduction of the Cluster Approach, however,\nUNHCR has become increasingly involved with\nIDPs as part of a broader engagement by the United\nNations and other agencies. The Office has also\ncontinued its programmes for IDPs to whom it was\nalready providing protection and assistance prior to\nthe Cluster Approach. Therefore, the IDPs included\nin this report refer only to people benefiting either\ndirectly or indirectly from UNHCR\u2019s protection\nand assistance activities. Indirect benefit could\nrange from individual or community-based\nhumanitarian assistance to capacity building to\nenhance authorities\u2019 capacity for providing\nprotection and other responses. _Distribution of non-food items among IDPs in Afgooye,_\n\n\n\n**Different recognition rates \u2013**\n**different practices?**\n\nSignificant differences in recognition rates\nbetween countries may point to different standards\nof treatment for asylum-seekers. The example of\nIraqi asylum-seekers below might point into this\ndirection. For instance, the recognition rate for\nIraqi asylum-seekers in Greece shows zero while\nin Germany roughly two thirds of Iraqis were\nrecognized as refugees. In the United Kingdom, on\nthe other hand, only 15 per cent of all substantive\ndecisions related to Iraqi asylum claims resulted in\nrefugee status. In Sweden, out of a total of 9,876\npositive decisions on Iraqi claims, 98 per cent\nwere granted a complementary form of protection.\n\n\n\n**Recognition rate for Iraqi asylum-seekers, 2007***\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n - Figures refer to first instance procedure. Non-substantive\ndecisions are excluded.\n\n\n** Complementary form of protection, subsidiary protection,\nhumanitarian status etc.\n\n\n\n*** Percentage of Convention status granted out of total positive\ndecisions (Convention + non-Convention).\n\n\n\n_Distribution of non-food items among IDPs in Afgooye,_\n_Somalia. UNHCR/ I. Taxte_\n\n\n\n28 For detailed statistics on global internal displacement, see the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) website of the\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC) at www.internal-displacement.org.\n\n\n_**17**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2007 Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.6481621861457825, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.6975047588348389, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8245911002159119, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Recognition rate for Iraqi asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8840740919113159, - "start": 259, - "end": 264 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9489813446998596, - "start": 265, - "end": 266 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8928217887878418, - "start": 262, - "end": 264 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Recognition rate for Iraqi asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7496654391288757, - "start": 2872, - "end": 2877 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9688659310340881, - "start": 2878, - "end": 2879 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7077780365943909, - "start": 2875, - "end": 2877 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n\nThe number of internally displaced persons, including people in IDP-like situations [29] who\nreceive protection and assistance from UNHCR under the inter-agency mechanisms or bilateral\narrangements with the relevant Government stood at 13.7 million at the end of 2007. This\nconstitutes an increase of almost 1 million compared to the previous year (12.8 million) and\nmore than double the figure before the activation of the Cluster Approach (6.6 million in 2005).\nUNHCR offices reported close to 2.2 million newly displaced people in 2007, and 2.1 million\nIDPs were able to return home during the same period. In all, UNHCR statistics include IDP\npopulations in 23 countries.\n\nWith millions of displaced people, Colombia has\n\n**IDP Profiling \u2013**\n\none of the largest IDP populations in the world. [30]\n\n**the future for counting IDPs?**\n\nIn Iraq, with the sectarian divide and the lack of\n\nObtaining the number of IDPs poses a major\n\na comprehensive political solution, the number\n\nchallenge due to a combination of factors,\nincluding the lack of appropriate data collection of IDPs rose from 1.8 million at the start of the\ntools, guidelines and methodologies to estimate year to close to 2.4 million by the end of 2007. It\ntheir numbers. The lack of access to IDPs because is estimated that more than 1.2 million Iraqis\nof insecurity is often another reason why reliable\n\nbecame displaced within their country in the past\n\nIDP estimates are difficult to obtain.\n\ntwo years alone. Renewed armed conflict in\n\nUNHCR and its partners are increasingly using Somalia displaced an estimated 600,000 people\nsurveys to profile the IDP population and collect\n\nwithin the country and as a consequence, the\n\ndata that cannot be obtained otherwise. IDP\nprofiling is not only an important collaborative number of IDPs increased to 1 million by the\nprocess but also a cost-effective way of improving end of the year. The Democratic Republic of the\nthe availability and quality of timely and reliable Congo also witnessed extensive new internal\ninformation on this population. It allows, among displacement in the course of the year with the\nother, to obtain information on numbers, sex and\n\nnumber of IDPs estimated at 1.3 million. An\n\nage distribution, location, specific needs and other\nkey protection related data which is useful to estimated 565,000 [31] Congolese were forced to\nsupport country operations. flee their homes as result of renewed fighting\n\nbetween the Government armed forces and\n\nThe United Nations Office for the Coordination of\nHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Norwegian militia groups, as well as widespread human\nRefugee Council\u2019s Internal Displacement rights violations. This notwithstanding, almost 1\nMonitoring Centre (IDMC), in collaboration with million IDPs were able to return by the end of\nUNHCR, have developed the IDP Profiling\n\n2007.\n\nGuidance* (First release, November 2007). It was\nfinalized in the framework of the Global Protection\nCluster Working Group and proposes different Out of the 1.8 million IDPs [32] in Uganda, some\nmethodologies and provides advice on choosing 579,000 returned to their villages in the course\nthe most suitable enumeration method for a given of the year, reducing the IDP population\ncountry context.\n\nremaining in camps and transit sites to 1.2\n\n - See www.humanitarianreform.org\n\nmillion. Both IDPs and IDP returnees, however,\ncontinue to benefit from UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities under the Cluster\nApproach. In Sudan, the number of IDPs reported by UNHCR was around 1.25 million by the\nend of the year. Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Chad, Sri Lanka, and Yemen were\namong those countries reporting either new situations of internal displacement or significant\nincreases in the IDP population during 2007. In Lebanon and Nepal, however, significant\nprogress has been made in finding durable solutions for IDPs. In Lebanon, 130,000 people\n\n29 The IDP-like situations refer to Georgia (61,000) and the Russian Federation (85,200).\n30 The difficulties associated with accuracy in IDP statistics in Colombia have been highlighted in a landmark judgment by the\nConstitutional Court of that country, which pointed to serious discrepancies between the real magnitude of the situation and the\nfigures of the national registration system. In its Order of Compliance to the Landmark Judgment on Displacement, the Court\ncites the Director of the _Agencia Presidencial de Acci\u00f3n Social y la Cooperaci\u00f3n Internacional_ as having acknowledged in\npublic statements that IDP figures in Colombia are close to 3 million (Order of Compliance 218, dated 11 August 2006, related to\nthe Landmark Judgment T-025).\n31 This figure includes 435,000 newly displaced persons in North Kivu (displaced during December 2006 and December 2007),\n100,000 in South Kivu (2007 only) and 30,000 in Ituri (2007 only).\n32 Revised estimate. Previously reported figure was 1.6 million IDPs.\n\n\n\n**IDP Profiling \u2013**\n**the future for counting IDPs?**\n\n\n\nObtaining the number of IDPs poses a major\nchallenge due to a combination of factors,\nincluding the lack of appropriate data collection\ntools, guidelines and methodologies to estimate\ntheir numbers. The lack of access to IDPs because\nof insecurity is often another reason why reliable\nIDP estimates are difficult to obtain.\n\nUNHCR and its partners are increasingly using\nsurveys to profile the IDP population and collect\ndata that cannot be obtained otherwise. IDP\nprofiling is not only an important collaborative\nprocess but also a cost-effective way of improving\nthe availability and quality of timely and reliable\ninformation on this population. It allows, among\nother, to obtain information on numbers, sex and\nage distribution, location, specific needs and other\nkey protection related data which is useful to\nsupport country operations.\n\nThe United Nations Office for the Coordination of\nHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Norwegian\nRefugee Council\u2019s Internal Displacement\nMonitoring Centre (IDMC), in collaboration with\nUNHCR, have developed the IDP Profiling\nGuidance* (First release, November 2007). It was\nfinalized in the framework of the Global Protection\nCluster Working Group and proposes different\nmethodologies and provides advice on choosing\nthe most suitable enumeration method for a given\ncountry context.\n\n\n\n\n- See www.humanitarianreform.org\n\n\n\n_**18**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9844713807106018, - "start": 127, - "end": 129 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7942555546760559, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.5551241040229797, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7047207355499268, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8619121313095093, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.6823709607124329, - "start": 10, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP\nprofiling", - "confidence": 0.5514599680900574, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8644511699676514, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP population", - "confidence": 0.7461990714073181, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP statistics", - "confidence": 0.9066245555877686, - "start": 768, - "end": 770 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Constitutional Court", - "confidence": 0.6621296405792236, - "start": 781, - "end": 783 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9595462679862976, - "start": 771, - "end": 772 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9157449007034302, - "start": 861, - "end": 862 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "newly displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.8601017594337463, - "start": 878, - "end": 881 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP Profiling", - "confidence": 0.6166620254516602, - "start": 931, - "end": 933 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8509538173675537, - "start": 1001, - "end": 1002 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ituri", - "confidence": 0.5297430753707886, - "start": 909, - "end": 910 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.7959873080253601, - "start": 901, - "end": 902 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP population", - "confidence": 0.8822034597396851, - "start": 1012, - "end": 1014 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\nreturned to their places of habitual residence while in Nepal an estimated 50,000 individuals\nwent home.\n\n\n### **VIII. Stateless persons**\n\nUNHCR has been tasked by the United Nations General Assembly and the Executive\nCommittee, through various resolutions, to contribute to the prevention and reduction of\nstatelessness and to ensure the protection of stateless persons as well as to inform the\ninternational community on the magnitude of this problem. The identification of stateless\npersons is a key step for addressing the problem and is fundamental to the discharge of the\nresponsibility entrusted to UNHCR.\n\nStatelessness is not always well understood and the scope of the phenomenon in specific\ncountries is often ignored. Measuring the magnitude of statelessness is complicated by the very\nnature of the phenomenon. Stateless people often live in a precarious situation on the margins of\nsociety, because they lack identity documentation, are illegally in the territory and/or are subject\nto discrimination. Nonetheless some countries have procedures in place for the identification and\ndocumentation of stateless people which facilitates gathering more precise data.\n\nThis report only includes data on countries for which reliable official statistics or estimates of\nstateless populations are available. Annex table 7 also includes some countries (marked with an\nasterisk) that have significant stateless populations but for **Fig 9: Number of countries**\nwhich no reliable figures could be provided, including **reporting statistics on**\nCambodia, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the **stateless persons**\nCongo, the Dominican Republic, and Thailand.\n\nAvailable data on statelessness in 2007 and previous years\nreflect two major trends. First, they show a continuing gradual 48 49 54\nexpansion in coverage. Statistics on statelessness were\n\n30\n\navailable for 54 countries in 2007; an increase from 49\ncountries in 2006, 48 in 2005 and 30 in 2004. The increase in\ndata coverage reflects the efforts of UNHCR field offices to 2004 2005 2006 2007\n\n\n\n**Fig 9: Number of countries**\n**reporting statistics on**\n**stateless persons**\n\n\n\n54\n48 49\n\n\n\n30\n\n\n\n2004 2005 2006 2007\n\n\n\n_**19**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.6559733748435974, - "start": 213, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6477126479148865, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5356478095054626, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless people", - "confidence": 0.9357472062110901, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available data on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.5416722297668457, - "start": 296, - "end": 300 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries", - "confidence": 0.5399530529975891, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.8038346767425537, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless people", - "confidence": 0.7535443305969238, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.9573947787284851, - "start": 324, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.533538818359375, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "54 countries", - "confidence": 0.6949430108070374, - "start": 331, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.511580228805542, - "start": 367, - "end": 368 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.9831621646881104, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.9349572062492371, - "start": 388, - "end": 390 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\ngather better data on statelessness in recent years. These efforts were likely bolstered by an\nincreasing awareness of statelessness in a number of countries around the world. It is clear,\nhowever, that UNHCR needs to redouble efforts to identify stateless populations.\n\nThe second trend is the dramatic reduction in UNHCR\u2019s figures for stateless persons in 2007, as\ncompared to 2006. The total number of stateless persons reported in UNHCR statistics dropped\nby roughly 3 million as a result of the major breakthroughs achieved in Nepal and Bangladesh.\nIn Nepal, new legislation adopted in the context of the peace process was followed by a massive\ncampaign in early 2007 to issue citizenship certificates. These were issued to approximately 2.6\nmillion people who were confirmed as nationals of Nepal. In Bangladesh, to prepare for\nelections later this year the Government has been registering adults of the Bihari/Urdu-speaking\ncommunities which have a total population estimated at 250,000 to 300,000 people. The rights of\nthe Bihari/Urdu-speakers as Bangladeshi citizens had not been recognized following the\nseparation of what is now Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971. They are also being issued national\nidentity cards. As a consequence, the number of stateless persons in UNHCR statistics dropped\nfrom 5.8 million in 2006 to slightly under 3 million people by the end of 2007.\n\nUNHCR is not yet in a position to provide definitive statistics on the number of stateless persons\nin all countries around the world. As a result, there is a discrepancy between reliable countrylevel data reported by UNHCR and the total estimated number of stateless worldwide, some 12\nmillion people. The increase in data coverage means that there will also be a gradual narrowing\nof this gap.\n\n### **IX. Other groups or persons of concern**\n\nUNHCR also extends its protection or assistance activities to individuals whom it considers \u201cof\nconcern\u201d, but who do not fall into any of the above population categories. These activities are\nbased on humanitarian or other special grounds and might, for instance, include asylum-seekers\nwho have been rejected, but who are deemed by UNHCR to be in need of international\nprotection. As indicated before, populations who were included under this group up to 2006 have\nbeen reclassified as being either in a refugee-like or IDP-like situation and thus been merged\nwith the refugee or IDP categories. As a consequence, figures related to the Others of concern to\nUNHCR group are not comparable with the ones previously reported. Moreover, the number of\nindividuals reported among this population has drastically gone down following the\nreclassification and included 68,600 people at the end of 2007.\n\n\n_**20**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5f9c1374-a215-3d5a-8b38-f4cc248abee7/3794138E86E7EA97C125746B0050025C-UNHCR_jun2008.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2007 Global Trends**\n\n\n**Table 6: Explanation of main changes in UNHCR's population of concern from end-2006 to end-2007**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Source of main
changes|Country|Population
category|Change 2006-2007|Main reason for change/inclusion in UNHCR
statistics|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Central African
Rep.|
IDPs|+50,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Chad|IDPs|+66,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Dem. Rep. of
the Congo|IDPs|+243,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Iraq|IDPs|+551,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Lebanon|IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)|-130,000 IDPs|Return of IDPs|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Nepal|IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)|-50,000 IDPs|Return of IDPs|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Pakistan|Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations)|-156,000 refugees|Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Somalia|IDPs|+600,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|South Africa|Asylum-seekers|+40,000 asylum-seekers|Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Timor-Leste|IDPs|-92,000 IDPs|Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Uganda|IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)|-579,000 IDPs|Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Uganda|Refugees|-43,000 refugees|Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|United
Republic of
Tanzania|Refugees|-50,000 refugees|Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.|\n|**1. Population movements (new displacement, repatriation)**
Central African
Rep.
IDPs
+50,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Chad
IDPs
+66,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Dem. Rep. of
the Congo
IDPs
+243,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Iraq
IDPs
+551,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
Lebanon
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-130,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Nepal
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-50,000 IDPs
Return of IDPs
Pakistan
Refugees (excluding
refugee-like situations) -156,000 refugees
Repatriation of Afghans, but excluding unregistered Afghans in
the country who nevertheless were assisted by UNHCR to
return to Afghanistan.
Somalia
IDPs
+600,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year
South Africa
Asylum-seekers
+40,000 asylum-seekers
Newly registered asylum-seekers in 2007 pending refugee
status determination.
Timor-Leste
IDPs
-92,000 IDPs
Combination of returned IDPs and revised Government
estimate for remaining IDP population
Uganda
IDPs and Returned
IDPs (during 2007)
-579,000 IDPs
Start-2007 figure revised upwards from 1.6 mln to more than
1.8 mln as a result of IASC Protection Cluster Working Group
agreement. IDP figure decreased to 1.24 million as a result of
590,000 IDPs returning to their villages.
Uganda
Refugees
-43,000 refugees
Repatriation of Sudanese refugees.
United
Republic of
Tanzania
Refugees
-50,000 refugees
Repatriation of Burundian and Congolese refugees.
Yemen
IDPs
+77,000 IDPs
New displacement during the year|Yemen|IDPs|+77,000 IDPs|New displacement during the year|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Armenia|Refugees|-110,000|Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Australia|Refugees|-47,000|In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Bangladesh|Stateless persons|-300,000|Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Canada|Refugees|+24,000|In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK|Refugees|-45,000 (total for all
countries)|UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Georgia|People in IDP-like
situations|61,000 (no change in
number)|61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Kazakhstan|Stateless persons|-40,500|As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Lebanon|Refugees|+30,000|Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Nepal|Stateless persons|-2.6 million|Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|New Zealand|Refugees|-1,800|In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Pakistan|People in refugee-like
situations|+1.15 million|Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Russian
Federation|People in refugee-like
situations|-100,000|100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Russian
Federation|People in IDP-like
situations|-47,000|Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|Syrian Arab
Republic|Refugees|+800,000|Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.|\n|**2. New methodology, change in source or new data available**
Armenia
Refugees
-110,000
Census in Armenia found that most refugees had left the
country or naturalized in Armenia.
Australia
Refugees
-47,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Bangladesh
Stateless persons
-300,000
Government confirmed that the 300,000 Biharis in Bangladesh
are citizens of the country.
Canada
Refugees
+24,000
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Sweden, UK
Refugees
-45,000 (total for all
countries)
UNHCR's refugee estimate in these countries excludes
resettled refugees as of 2007.
Georgia
People in IDP-like
situations
61,000 (no change in
number)
61,000 persons originating from Abkhazia and South Ossetia
formerly reported as Others of concern are now included under
\"people in IDP-like situation\".
Kazakhstan
Stateless persons
-40,500
As a result of changes in the citizenship law, ethnic Kazakhs
previously listed as stateless persons are no longer included.
Lebanon
Refugees
+30,000
Survey estimated that number of Iraqis was higher than initially
estimated (20,000)
Nepal
Stateless persons
-2.6 million
Certificates issued to 2.6 million stateless persons in Nepal
bringing the previous estimate of 3.4 million down to 800,000.
New Zealand
Refugees
-1,800
In the absence of Government estimate, UNHCR estimated
the figure based on 10 years of asylum-seeker recognition.
Previously 5 years was used. The 2007 figure excludes
resettlement arrivals of refugees.
Pakistan
People in refugee-like
situations
+1.15 million
Inclusion of registered Afghans in Pakistan living outside
refugee villages and who are in a refugee-like situation.
Russian
Federation
People in refugee-like
situations
-100,000
100,000 Afghans in a refugee-like situation were taken out of
the statistics since no reliable source was found to confirm the
figure.
Russian
Federation
People in IDP-like
situations
-47,000
Number of Involuntarily Relocating Persons (IRP) registered in
the country decreased by 47,000.
Syrian Arab
Republic
Refugees
+800,000
Revised Government estimate for Iraqi refugees in the country.
United States
of America
Refugees
-553,000
UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|United States
of America|Refugees|-553,000|UNHCR's refugee estimate now excludes resettled refugees.|\n\n\n_**21**_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9256378412246704, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "New displacement during the year", - "confidence": 0.7487597465515137, - "start": 180, - "end": 185 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007", - "confidence": 0.5438218116760254, - "start": 225, - "end": 226 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9472604393959045, - "start": 613, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "New displacement during the year", - "confidence": 0.6842393279075623, - "start": 625, - "end": 630 - 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Octobre 2020 FOCUS : LES SERVICES DE SANTE AU CENTRE ET AU NORD DU MALI : FACE A UNE INSECURITE PERSISTANTE ET CROISSANTE\n\n1. Le concept de \u00ab protection de la mission m\u00e9dicale \u00bb\n\n\nLa mission m\u00e9dicale consiste en l\u2019ensemble du dispositif et des activit\u00e9s sanitaires et m\u00e9dicales destin\u00e9s \u00e0\nla population civile, ainsi qu\u2019aux malades et bless\u00e9s en p\u00e9riode de conflit. La pr\u00e9servation de la mission\nm\u00e9dicale en p\u00e9riode de conflit est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central du droit international humanitaire que ce soit pour\nles conflits entre Etats, ou \u00e0 caract\u00e8re non-international. Historiquement, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une des protections les\nplus anciennes pr\u00e9vues par le droit international humanitaire comme le montre quelques exemples\nillustratifs mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessous.\n\n\nLes deux premi\u00e8res Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve sont relatives \u00e0 la protection des bless\u00e9s, malades et naufrag\u00e9s\ndes forces arm\u00e9es en campagne ou sur mer dans des situations de conflits internationaux. Cette protection\nsp\u00e9ciale pr\u00e9vue pour les personnes qui ne participent plus aux combats du fait d\u2019une incapacit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale\nou blessure s\u2019est ensuite \u00e9tendue aux bless\u00e9s et malades civils dans la quatri\u00e8me Convention de Gen\u00e8ve.\nPar ailleurs, l\u2019Article 3 commun aux quatre Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve \u00e9tablit que les bless\u00e9s, les malades et\nles naufrag\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre recueillis et soign\u00e9s ; la protection et les soins repr\u00e9sentant la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape\nd\u2019un traitement digne et humain en temps de guerre. Cet article, qui constitue une mini convention \u00e0 lui\ntout seul, contient les obligations minimales qui doivent imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre respect\u00e9es en tout temps et\nen tout lieu, et par toutes les parties au conflit, lors d\u2019une situation de conflit arm\u00e9 non-international. Le\ndeuxi\u00e8me Protocol Additionnel renforce \u00e9galement plusieurs protections envers la mission m\u00e9dicale dans\nce type de conflit [1] . Le fait de diriger intentionnellement des attaques contre les infrastructures ou le\npersonnel m\u00e9dical est \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un crime de guerre par le statut de la Cour p\u00e9nale\ninternationale (article 8).\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 ce cadre juridique robuste, des attaques cibl\u00e9es contre les infrastructures et le personnel m\u00e9dical\nse multiplient au niveau global et la privation des soins de sant\u00e9 est de plus en plus souvent utilis\u00e9e comme\nune v\u00e9ritable arme de guerre [2] . Les Nations Unies ont adopt\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de mesures pour renforcer la\nprotection de la mission m\u00e9dicale.\n\n\nEn 2012, la r\u00e9solution 65.20 de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e, demandant \u00e0\nl\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) de faire preuve de leadership au niveau mondial dans la collecte\net la communication d\u2019informations sur les attaques contre les soins de sant\u00e9 (voir l\u2019initiative Attacks on\nHealth Care) [3] .\n\n\n1 Le Mali est li\u00e9 par plusieurs engagements internationaux. Il est notamment signataire des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve, du Protocole Additionnel II,\net du Statut de Rome : [https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreatiesByCountrySelected.xsp?xp_countrySelected=ML](https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreatiesByCountrySelected.xsp?xp_countrySelected=ML)\n\n2 Le Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral indique devant le Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 la voie \u00e0 suivre pour prot\u00e9ger les civils et les activit\u00e9s m\u00e9dicales dans les conflits arm\u00e9s\n[https://www.un.org/press/fr/2017/cs12841.doc.htm.](https://www.un.org/press/fr/2017/cs12841.doc.htm)\n3 L\u2019initiative Attacks on Health Care (AHC) vise \u00e0 recueillir syst\u00e9matiquement des preuves sur les attaques contre les soins de sant\u00e9, \u00e0 plaider en\nfaveur de la fin de ces attaques et \u00e0 promouvoir les meilleures pratiques pour prot\u00e9ger les soins de sant\u00e9 contre les attaques. La vision de l\u2019initiative\nest que des services de sant\u00e9 essentiels qui sauvent des vies doivent \u00eatre fournis aux populations touch\u00e9es par les situations d\u2019urgence, sans \u00eatre\ng\u00ean\u00e9s par toute forme de violence ou d\u2019obstruction.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En 2016, la r\u00e9solution 2286 du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies a constitu\u00e9 une avanc\u00e9e importante\nsur le plan multilat\u00e9ral pour mieux prot\u00e9ger la mission m\u00e9dicale. Elle contient une s\u00e9rie de\nrecommandations sp\u00e9cifiques pour les Etats, notamment l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux trait\u00e9s internationaux pertinents [4]\n; le respect de l'\u00e9thique m\u00e9dicale ; la coop\u00e9ration et l\u2019\u00e9change r\u00e9gulier des meilleures pratiques ; la mise\nen \u0153uvre nationale du droit international au moyen de normes ; et la promotion du droit, favorisant une\nculture du respect. Sont \u00e9galement d'une importance capitale l'\u00e9ducation et la formation des porteurs\nd'armes (y compris au principe d'assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 l'ennemi) ; l'inclusion des mesures de pr\u00e9caution et\ndes principes de distinction et de proportionnalit\u00e9 dans toutes les op\u00e9rations militaires ; la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de\nmener des enqu\u00eates exhaustives, rapides, impartiales et efficaces en cas d'incident ; et l'obligation de\nrendre des comptes au Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies.\n\n\n2. La collecte des donn\u00e9es sur les attaques contre les infrastructures de sant\u00e9 au Mali\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es sur les attaques contre les infrastructures de sant\u00e9 au Mali sont collect\u00e9es par diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes. Le Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) [5], de l\u2019Organisation Mondiale de Sant\u00e9\n(OMS), est une approche globale standardis\u00e9e et syst\u00e9matique de la collecte de donn\u00e9es sur les attaques\ncontre le syst\u00e8me sant\u00e9 [6] . Au Mali, le projet est mis en \u0153uvre depuis en juillet 2018. 28 cas d\u2019attaques ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s avec 2 d\u00e9c\u00e8s et 5 blessures ; les attaques ont concern\u00e9 aussi bien des malades que le\npersonnel de sant\u00e9.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le concept d\u2019attaque contre les \u00e9coles et les h\u00f4pitaux est une des six violations\ngraves contre les droits de l\u2019enfant, \u00e9difi\u00e9es dans la R\u00e9solution 1612 (2005) du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, les\nactions pouvant mettre en danger l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des h\u00f4pitaux et du personnel m\u00e9dical sont aussi rapport\u00e9es\npar le m\u00e9canisme MRM, co-pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par UNICEF et la MINUSMA.\n\n\nEnfin, le Cluster Protection au Mali enregistre \u00e9galement les violations li\u00e9es aux \u00e9tablissements m\u00e9dicaux\net leur personnel sous la cat\u00e9gorie des \u2018atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base\u2019 ; incluant le fait de cibler\ndes \u00e9tablissements publics (culturels, scolaires ou m\u00e9dicaux par exemple) et d\u2019en causer la destruction\ntotale ou partielle. Toute autre perturbation du fonctionnement normal de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement ou bien public\npeut \u00e9galement \u00eatre signal\u00e9e, par exemple l'occupation, le bombardement, le ciblage \u00e0 des fins de\npropagande ou toute autre action dommageable aux \u00e9tablissements scolaires ou m\u00e9dicaux ou \u00e0 leur\npersonnel.\n\n\nLa collecte de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes au Mali offre des possibilit\u00e9s de renforcer le\nmonitoring, d'analyse et de plaidoyer conjointe. N\u00e9anmoins, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 qu\u2019avec des syst\u00e8mes\nmultiples, les classifications des violations ne sont pas identiques et la collecte des informations n\u2019est pas\ntoujours syst\u00e9matique ou op\u00e9rationnelle. Par ailleurs, il est important de signaler que le syst\u00e8me du SSA\nsouffre actuellement d\u2019un manque de ressources d\u00e9di\u00e9es, fragilisant ainsi la compr\u00e9hension globale du\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. [7] De m\u00eame, le monitoring de protection du Cluster Protection note globalement un sousrapportage des incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la mission m\u00e9dicale, d\u00fb au manque de formations et de sensibilisations des\nmoniteurs, des partenaires ou des relais-communautaires sur ce sujet.\n\n\n4 Inter alia les r\u00e9solutions 2175 (2014) et 1502 (2003) sur la protection du personnel humanitaire, les r\u00e9solutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674\n(2006), 1738 (2006), 1894 (2009) et 2222 (2015) sur la protection des civils en p\u00e9riode de conflit arm\u00e9, les r\u00e9solutions 1539 (2004) et 1612 (2005)\nsur l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un m\u00e9canisme de surveillance et de communication de l\u2019information sur le sort des enfants en temps de conflit arm\u00e9 et la\nr\u00e9solution 1998 (2011) sur les attaques contre des \u00e9coles ou des h\u00f4pitaux.\n5 [https://extranet.who.int/ssa/Index.aspx](https://extranet.who.int/ssa/Index.aspx)\n6 L\u2019OMS d\u00e9finit une attaque contre les soins de sant\u00e9 comme tout acte de violence verbale ou physique ou toute obstruction ou menace de violence\nqui entrave la disponibilit\u00e9, l'acc\u00e8s et la prestation de services de sant\u00e9 curatifs et/ou pr\u00e9ventifs dans les situations d'urgence. La nature et les types\nd'attaques varient selon les contextes et peuvent aller de la violence avec des armes lourdes aux menaces psychologiques et \u00e0 l'intimidation.\n7 CP Mali - Note synth\u00e9tique sur le syst\u00e8me de collecte des donn\u00e9es sur les attaques contre les infrastructures de sant\u00e9, octobre 2020.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. Une tendance inqui\u00e9tante : l\u2019augmentation des attaques\n\ncontre le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 au Mali\n\n\nLes Clusters Protection et Sant\u00e9 ont n\u00e9anmoins constat\u00e9 une\naugmentation inqui\u00e9tante des attaques contre les infrastructures\nde sant\u00e9 au Mali ces derniers mois. Au premier semestre de 2020,\n11 attaques contre des h\u00f4pitaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 par le\nm\u00e9canisme MRM (Monitoring and Reporting of Grave Child Rights\nViolations). Cela repr\u00e9sente 79% de ce type d\u2019attaques\nenregistr\u00e9es par le m\u00e9canisme MRM sur toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Les violations comprennent des attaques contre des\nh\u00f4pitaux/centres de sant\u00e9, le pillage ou la destruction\nd\u2019\u00e9quipement, m\u00e9dicaments et autres produits m\u00e9dicaux, le\nd\u00e9tournement des v\u00e9hicules et les menaces contre ou les\nenl\u00e8vements des personnels de sant\u00e9 [8] .\n\n\nPhoto : La carcasse d'une ambulance apr\u00e8s qu'elle a heurt\u00e9 un engin explosif dans la r\u00e9gion\nde Sikasso (11 septembre 2020/AFP)\n\n\n\nEXEMPLES D\u2019INCIDENTS RAPPORTES\n\n\n- 6 femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es par l\u2019explosion\nd\u2019un engin explosif au passage d\u2019une\nambulance dans la r\u00e9gion de Sikasso\n(11/09).\n\n\n- Des personnes arm\u00e9es non identifi\u00e9es\n(PANI) ont d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 le v\u00e9hicule d\u2019une\nONG qui servait d'ambulance pour le\ncentre de sant\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Bourem,\ndans le village de Barkeina (08/09).\n\n\n- Des PANI ont tir\u00e9 sur une ambulance\ndans le village de Tassiga, commune de\nBourra, cercle d\u2019Angsongo. Aucune\nvictime n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e (07/09).\n\n\n- 5 m\u00e9decins travaillant pour un\npartenaire d'une agence des Nations\nUnies dans le cadre d'une campagne de\nvaccination \u00e0 M\u00e9naka ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nviolemment d\u00e9valis\u00e9s par trois PANI\ndans leur r\u00e9sidence de la ville de M\u00e9naka\n(14/09).\n\n\n- Des PANI ont fait irruption \u00e0 la Direction\nr\u00e9gionale de la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 M\u00e9naka . La\ndirection \u00e9tait gard\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nde Ganda Izo (GI). L\u2019\u00e9change de tirs entre\nPANI et GI a caus\u00e9 un mort (14/08).\n\n\n- Le centre de sant\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CSRef)\nde M\u00e9naka a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 au mois d\u2019avril,\npar des PANI. Les tirs de sommation ont\ncr\u00e9\u00e9 la panique au CSRef. Les assaillants\nont fouill\u00e9 toutes les chambres des\npersonnes malades avant de s'en fuir.\nDes stocks de m\u00e9dicaments ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nemport\u00e9s. Le CSRef de M\u00e9naka aurait\n\u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 pour la quatri\u00e8me fois au\ncours des derni\u00e8res semaines (09/04).\n\n\n- Deux d\u00e9p\u00f4ts des produits\npharmaceutiques du centre de sant\u00e9\ncommunautaire de Fatoma, commune\nde Fatoma, cercle de Mopti auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nincendi\u00e9s par les groupes radicaux .\nL\u2019incident se serait produit sans aucune\nperte en vie humaine (14/02).\n\n\n\nLa tendance observ\u00e9e peut \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9e par l\u2019intensification du Des stocks de m\u00e9dicaments ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nconflit depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 ; notamment la emport\u00e9s. Le CSRef de M\u00e9naka aurait\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 pour la quatri\u00e8me fois au\n\nrecrudescence des affrontements inter et intra-communautaires\n\ncours des derni\u00e8res semaines (09/04).\n\net la prolif\u00e9ration des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques. Les actes de\nces acteurs augmentent en brutalit\u00e9 et sont davantage - Deux d\u00e9p\u00f4ts des produits\n\npharmaceutiques du centre de sant\u00e9\n\nindiscrimin\u00e9s envers la population civile. En cons\u00e9quence, un\n\ncommunautaire de Fatoma, commune\n\naccroissement du nombre de pertes en vies humaines civiles, y de Fatoma, cercle de Mopti auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ninclus des femmes et enfants, a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e depuis le d\u00e9but de incendi\u00e9s par les groupes radicaux .\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e. La tactique du ciblage d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des moyens de L\u2019incident se serait produit sans aucune\n\nperte en vie humaine (14/02).\n\nsubsistance est \u00e9galement choisie pour cr\u00e9er des d\u00e9placements\nde population et fragiliser la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019Etat, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par les infrastructures publiques (\u00e9coles, foires,\nroutes, ponts, centres de sant\u00e9). Parall\u00e8lement, le Mali a aussi vu une augmentation des activit\u00e9s des\nr\u00e9seaux criminels auxquels d\u2019autres violations, surtout des braquages, peuvent \u00eatre attribu\u00e9es [9] .\n\n\n\n8 Country Task Force for Monitoring and Reporting. Global Horizontal Notes Q1 / Q2\n9 Rapports mensuels du monitoring de protection du Mali 2020, Cluster Protection\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CSRef de M\u00e9naka", - "confidence": 0.8186315298080444, - "start": 542, - "end": 545 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. La protection de la mission m\u00e9dicale : le r\u00f4le des acteurs arm\u00e9s\n\n\nUn des d\u00e9fis principaux pour prot\u00e9ger la mission m\u00e9dicale au Mali est la prolif\u00e9ration des acteurs du conflit,\nnotamment des groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense et des groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques qui connaissent peu ou qui\nne se sentent pas concern\u00e9s par le droit international humanitaire et ses obligations minimales. Les\ntendances observ\u00e9es ces derniers mois font \u00e9tat de violations syst\u00e9matiques de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire par\ndes blocus ou des sabotages des ponts et routes, particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones du plateau dogon o\u00f9 ont\nlieu les affrontements intra-communautaires entre Dan Na Ambassagou [10] et des groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense\ndogon, comme ce fut le cas dans certaines zones ou villages (Borko, cercle de Bandiagara ; Berdosso, cercle\nde Koro, Farabougou, cercle de Niono). Les blocus impos\u00e9s \u00e0 la population locale, interdisant toute libre\ncirculation et acc\u00e8s aux services de base, a notamment entrav\u00e9 l'\u00e9vacuation des personnes ayant un besoin\nurgent de soins m\u00e9dicaux ou leur r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers autres services. Par ailleurs, la d\u00e9gradation de\nl\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection, notamment les op\u00e9rations militaires et les braquages sur les\naxes routiers, imposent des restrictions sur le fonctionnement des services de sant\u00e9, notamment les\ncliniques mobiles.\n\n\nSignature de la d\u00e9claration unilat\u00e9rale par le groupe d\u2019autod\u00e9fense Dan Na Ambassagou \u00e0 Sevar\u00e9 (07 juillet 2020/Geneva Call)\n\n\nBonne pratique\n\n\nDans le cadre de la mise en \u0153uvre de sa strat\u00e9gie d\u2019engagement des acteurs arm\u00e9s \u00e0 respecter et faire\nrespecter les dispositions du DIH, l\u2019Appel de Gen\u00e8ve au Mali s\u2019est r\u00e9uni le 13 juin et le 07 juillet 2020\nrespectivement avec les responsables de deux acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00e0 savoir la Plateforme des\nmouvements du 14 juin et le groupe d\u2019autod\u00e9fense Dan Na Ambassagou. Ces rencontres qui ont enregistr\u00e9\nla participation des responsables des deux groupes ont abouti \u00e0 la signature par les acteurs d\u2019une\nd\u00e9claration unilat\u00e9rale sur la protection de la mission m\u00e9dicale.\n\n\n10 Dan Na Ambassagou (dogon) : \u00ab les chasseurs qui se confient \u00e0 dieu \u00bb est un groupe d'autod\u00e9fense de chasseurs dogons, fond\u00e9 en 2016 au\nMali\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. Les attaques contre le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 au Mali : quel impact pour les populations civiles ?\n\n\nLa situation sanitaire au Mali reste tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9caire. De nombreux besoins sanitaires des populations les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables restent non couverts en raison du manque d'acc\u00e8s par les populations civiles aux services de\nsant\u00e9 de base de qualit\u00e9. Du fait de la crise dans le nord et le centre du pays, 23 % des structures sanitaires\nne sont pas fonctionnelles avec une pr\u00e9sence limit\u00e9e des partenaires \u0153uvrant dans la gestion des soins de\nsant\u00e9 primaire [11] et un sous-financement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour le secteur par les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019Etat et dans la\nr\u00e9ponse humanitaire. En effet, le Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire 2019 (HRP) pour le secteur de la sant\u00e9 \u00e9tait\nfinanc\u00e9 \u00e0 moins de 50% [12] . A cela se rajoute une d\u00e9pendance accrue de l\u2019Etat envers les partenaires\ntechniques et financiers. En 2019, dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti, les salaires de 80% des travailleurs de sant\u00e9 ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9s par des bailleurs de fonds \u00e9trangers [13] .\n\n\nLe conflit, les tensions intercommunautaires, les mouvements des populations, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur les axes\nroutiers, notamment due \u00e0 la menace explosive, les attaques directes sur les infrastructures et le personnel\nde sant\u00e9 impactent consid\u00e9rablement le fonctionnement et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de sant\u00e9 par les\npopulations ; le syst\u00e8me pouvant \u00eatre perturb\u00e9 \u00e0 un point tel qu\u2019il n\u2019est plus en mesure de fonctionner. Par\nailleurs, les centres (CesREF et CesCOM) fonctionnent principalement en auto-financement par le paiement\ndes usagers de leurs frais de sant\u00e9, ce qui les rend particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables en cas d\u2019attaques et aux\nrisques d'\u00e9puisement ou de perte des ressources leur permettant d\u2019assurer un fonctionnement de base.\n\n\nLa suspension des services des centres de sant\u00e9 peut avoir des cons\u00e9quences majeures pour des\ncommunaut\u00e9s enti\u00e8res qui n\u2019ont plus acc\u00e8s aux soins vitaux. Cela inclut notamment les soins maternoinfantiles ou p\u00e9diatriques, la vaccination, le traitement de la malnutrition, la prise en charge des victimes\nd\u2019engins explosifs, les soins de sant\u00e9 sexuelle et reproductive, et la prise en charge des victimes de violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou il a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9 que l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9currente oblige beaucoup\n\nLes femmes ne cessent pas d\u2019avoir des enfants\n\nd\u2019acteurs \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur intervention d\u2019appui aux centres durant une p\u00e9riode de crise. Avec un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9\nde sant\u00e9 communautaire qui d\u00e9livrent \u00e9galement des aux services de sant\u00e9 et un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 des\nservices de protection essentiels pour les communaut\u00e9s. accouchements non assist\u00e9s par cons\u00e9quence,\nLes interventions \u00e0 travers les cliniques mobiles, qui les femmes et leurs b\u00e9b\u00e9s font face \u00e0 multiples\n\nrisques, auxquels s\u2019ajoutent fr\u00e9quemment les\n\noffrent des consultations curatives ou des accouchements\n\ntraumatismes, la malnutrition et l\u2019exposition aux\n\nassist\u00e9s pour les femmes enceintes, ont leur rayon d\u2019action\n\nviolences sexuelles.\n\nlimit\u00e9 \u00e0 cause des op\u00e9rations militaires ou encore la\nmultiplication des braquages (comme dans la zone du Sous-Cluster VBG, Mali\nGourma) par des groupements criminels.\n\n\n\nLes femmes ne cessent pas d\u2019avoir des enfants\ndurant une p\u00e9riode de crise. Avec un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9\naux services de sant\u00e9 et un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 des\naccouchements non assist\u00e9s par cons\u00e9quence,\nles femmes et leurs b\u00e9b\u00e9s font face \u00e0 multiples\nrisques, auxquels s\u2019ajoutent fr\u00e9quemment les\ntraumatismes, la malnutrition et l\u2019exposition aux\nviolences sexuelles.\n\n\n\nSous-Cluster VBG, Mali\n\n\n\nEnfin, les attaques r\u00e9currentes contre les structures sanitaires ont entrain\u00e9 des manifestations et gr\u00e8ves\ndes travailleurs de la sant\u00e9 [14] qui ont r\u00e9clam\u00e9 une meilleure protection. Sans r\u00e9ponse satisfaisante apport\u00e9\n\u00e0 cette requ\u00eate, il est \u00e0 craindre un d\u00e9sengagement du personnel m\u00e9dical et des difficult\u00e9s de recrutement.\n\n\n_La violence contre le personnel de sant\u00e9, les structures m\u00e9dicales et les v\u00e9hicules sanitaires est de ce fait un_\n_r\u00e9el probl\u00e8me humanitaire qui peut avoir des effets durables, notamment en termes de protection._\n\n\n11 OCHA, Aper\u00e7u des besoins humanitaires, 2020\n12 OCHA, Aper\u00e7u des besoins humanitaires, 2020\n13 ACAPS, Conflict and Displacement in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, Briefing Note, 22 March 2019).\n14 Manifestations des travailleurs de la sant\u00e9 organis\u00e9es \u00e0 Douentza, 14.7.2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6. Messages cl\u00e9s\n\n\nAu gouvernement malien\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 1 : Le gouvernement malien a la responsabilit\u00e9 de respecter et d\u2019assurer le respect du droit international\nhumanitaire dans les zones de conflits arm\u00e9s. Des efforts dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la r\u00e9solution 2286 (2016) et une\nmeilleure protection des installations de sant\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre entrepris.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 2 : L\u2019investissement dans le secteur de sant\u00e9 doit \u00eatre renforc\u00e9 pour assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9\nde la population malienne \u2013 particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones affect\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nAux acteurs arm\u00e9s [15]\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 3 : La protection des malades et des bless\u00e9s ainsi que des structures sanitaires, et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du personnel\nde sant\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre assur\u00e9es en toutes circonstances. Cette protection se r\u00e9alise concr\u00e8tement dans les garanties\nqui sont apport\u00e9es par le droit pour assurer le fonctionnement des services sanitaires en p\u00e9riode de conflit ;\nnotamment l\u2019\u00e9vacuation et le transport sanitaire des bless\u00e9es et malades, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux installations sanitaires, la\nprotection contre les vols et r\u00e9quisitions.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 4 : Assurer le caract\u00e8re neutre de l\u2019assistance humanitaire (y compris les services de sant\u00e9) est cl\u00e9.\nL\u2019implication des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationales et internationales dans l\u2019assistance m\u00e9dicale doit imp\u00e9rativement se\nlimiter \u00e0 des situations de derniers recours et suite \u00e0 une coordination effective avec les acteurs humanitaires. Par\ncons\u00e9quent, le respect des principes de coordination civilo-militaire en vigueur doit \u00eatre garanti, notamment\nconcernant la distinction entre le mandat humanitaire et les actions militaires.\n\n\nAux partenaires humanitaires\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 5 : La coordination entre les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de collecte des donn\u00e9es doit \u00eatre renforc\u00e9e,\nnotamment via l\u2019allocation de ressources sp\u00e9cifiques, la d\u00e9finition et la compr\u00e9hension collective des concepts, et\nune appropriation d\u2019outils communs, ou \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, qui permettent une analyse conjointe. Les liens entre le Cluster\nProtection et le Cluster Sant\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019analyse, de plaidoyer et de r\u00e9ponse conjointe seront ainsi approfondis.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 6 : Des formations pour les acteurs du monitoring de protection sur la collecte des donn\u00e9es des violations\ncontre le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre organis\u00e9es afin de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019analyse ; et a fortiori de plaidoyer\ndes acteurs humanitaires. La formation des acteurs sant\u00e9 sur le m\u00e9canisme de rapportage du MRM est aussi\nrecommand\u00e9.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 7 : La collecte, le partage et la promotion des bonnes pratiques des membres du Cluster Protection, des\nSous-Clusters et du Cluster Sant\u00e9 pour la protection des soins de sant\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es en vue de documenter\nl\u2019impact du travail des acteurs de protection et de sante en termes de pr\u00e9vention et att\u00e9nuation des risques.\n\n\nMessage cl\u00e9 8 : Des formations et des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisations pour les parties au conflit doivent \u00eatre tenues en\nfaveur du respect de la mission m\u00e9dicale, de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et des principes de derniers recours, de ne pas nuire,\npermettant d\u2019assurer la distinction entre les actions militaires et les missions humanitaires.\n\n\n15 Y inclus les groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fd8bb99b-7120-3885-85bc-cdaef3035220/cp_mali_-_note_de_protection_-_protection_de_la_mission_medicale_-_octobre_2020_-_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_791/raw/doc_791_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_791/raw/doc_791_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e6658904b0475b130b5475d663dd1361e5410b5f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_791/raw/doc_791_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**AFRICA** \ufeffA.17 / DR CONGO 2008-2016 / NFI VOUCHER FAIRS **COMPLEX / MULTIPLE**\n\n\n**CASE STUDY**\n# DR CONGO 2008-2016 / NFI VOUCHER FAIRS\n\n\n**KEYWORDS:** Non-food items, NFI voucher fairs, NFI distribution\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Multiple conflicts / Complex, two dec-
CRISIS
ades long and ongoing|CENTRAL SOUTH
AFRICAN SUDAN
REPUBLIC
CAMEROON 16 15 8
10
3
REPUBLIC
OF THE 9 13 U NG DA A-
CONGO
1
GABON
RWA-
NDA
6 2 BURU-
NDI
KINSHASA
12 UN. REP.
OF TAN-
14 5 ZANIA
7
11
4 ZAMBIA
ANGOLA
PROJECT AREAS|\n|---|---|\n|**TOTAL PEOPLE**
**DISPLACED AND**
**RETURNED**1
**2.82 million** people (new displace-
ments in 2016: 922,000 people).|**TOTAL PEOPLE**
**DISPLACED AND**
**RETURNED**1
**2.82 million** people (new displace-
ments in 2016: 922,000 people).|\n|**LOCATIONS**
**DR Congo, country wide.**|**LOCATIONS**
**DR Congo, country wide.**|\n|**VOUCHER FAIRS**
**BENEFICIARIES2**
**3,950,530** **persons** (790,106 house-
holds) in the period 2009-2016.|**VOUCHER FAIRS**
**BENEFICIARIES2**
**3,950,530** **persons** (790,106 house-
holds) in the period 2009-2016.|\n|**IN-KIND DISTRIBUTION**
**BENEFICIARIES2**
**4,471,250** **persons**(2009-2016).|**IN-KIND DISTRIBUTION**
**BENEFICIARIES2**
**4,471,250** **persons**(2009-2016).|\n|1 2.2 million IDPs between 2009-2016; 620,000 returnees since July 2015 (Source:
OCHA 2016 IDP factsheets,http://bit.ly/2nhgaEX.
2 The number of people is calculated on an average of fve persons per household.
**SUMMARY **

|1 2.2 million IDPs between 2009-2016; 620,000 returnees since July 2015 (Source:
OCHA 2016 IDP factsheets,http://bit.ly/2nhgaEX.
2 The number of people is calculated on an average of fve persons per household.
**SUMMARY **

|\n\n\n(DR Congo) has undergone a dramatic transformation from a response strategy dominated by in-kind distribution of basic household,\npersonal and hygiene items, to the use of cash-based vouchers. The\nNFI voucher fair approach has allowed families to select items based\non their own priorities, while also supporting local economies. By\n2013, over 50% of all NFI beneficiaries in DR Congo were assisted using the NFI voucher fair approach. Since the first pilots in late\n\n\n\n\n\n_Map showing the provinces where the NFI voucher fairs approach has_\n_been used between 2009 and 2016 in four shades of colour according_\n_to the number of households (HH) assisted (lighter to darker: 0-4,000_\n_HH; 6,500 \u2013 14,000 HH; 40,000 \u2013 60,000 HH; 90,000 \u2013 350,000 HH)._\n\n\n_Key: 1. North Kivu (349,872 HH); 2. South Kivu (138,762 HH), 3. Ituri_\n_(94,225 HH); 4. Haut Katanga (59,296 HH); 5. Tanganika (57,927 HH); 6._\n_Maniema (40,142 HH); 7. Haut Lomami (13,704 HH); 8. Haut Uele (13,635_\n_HH); 9. Equateur (6,528 HH); 10. South Ubangi (3,893 HH); 11. Lualaba_\n_(3,289 HH); 12. Kasai (2,636 HH); 13. Tshopo (2,464 HH); 14. Kasai Ori-_\n_ental (1,438 HH); 15. Bas Uele (1,399 HH); 16. North Ubangi (896 HH)._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**+** Beneficiary preference, as they choose their own items.\n**+** Reinforcing beneficiary dignity as actors in their own assistance.\n**+** Cost savings in logistics, transport and warehousing.\n**+** Supporting local economies.\n**+** Speed in setting up, when vendors are familiar with the approach.\n\n\n**CHALLENGES / WEAKNESSES**\n\n**-** Smaller scale than in-kind distributions.\n\n**-** Dependence on market capacity.\n\n**-** Dishonest vendors can take advantage of beneficiaries.\n\n**-** Lack of formal registration and tax documents can limit the participation of small vendors.\n\n**-** Challenges in using the vouchers for some users.\n\n\n\n_ciaries before they enter the fair (Mutarule, South Kivu province)._\n\n\n\n**70** **SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d2ff3c57-0716-3b13-940b-9e4d56a5ff06/d_r_congo_nfi_voucher_fairs_shelter_project_2015-16_a17.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COMPLEX / MULTIPLE** \ufeff **AFRICA**\n\n\n_popular items (Mangina, North Kivu province)._\n\n\n\n**BACKGROUND**\n\nFor over two decades, the eastern provinces of DR Congo have\nbeen plagued by the humanitarian consequences of multiple\nconflicts, involving dozens of militia groups and government\nforces. Although often described as a protracted emergency,\neastern DR Congo is characterized by a series of distinct,\nacute, crises, spread across a landscape of continually shifting\nzones of violence, displacement and insecurity, and areas of\nrelative stability, where return and recovery are possible.\n\nAt the end of 2016, OCHA estimated that there were 2.2 million Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in the country; 922,000\nof these people were newly displaced in 2016. Additionally,\nthere were hundreds of thousands of returnees. Nearly 80%\nof displaced families lived in the homes and compounds of\nlocal host families who, although often extremely vulnerable\nthemselves, are the first to provide assistance.\n\nOne of the most critical needs of families on the move is access to essential non-food items (NFI) to carry out daily activities. These activities include: clothing oneself, preparing\nand serving food, collecting and using water for washing and\ncleaning, carrying out livelihood activities, storing belongings\nand sleeping. The ability of displaced families, returnees and\neven some host families, to undertake these essential activities in dignity and security, is undermined by lack of access\nto essential items. NFI needs are particularly acute in conflict\nareas, where families flee with very few belongings and \u2013 although host families may share some of their resources such\nas food or cooking utensils \u2013 other items such as clothing and\nbedding are less likely to be shared.\n\n\n\n**NFI VOUCHER FAIRS**\n\nIn 2008, some of the NFI actors in DR Congo began to look at\ncash-based options to meet the NFI needs of affected populations. This shift happened primarily for two reasons:\n\n1) **NFI needs of affected populations varied widely.** Highly\ndivergent and varied needs made the typical one-size-fits-all\nkit approach of standard NFI assistance less appropriate.\n\n2) **Markets were quite dynamic** for imported and locally produced NFIs in DR Congo, and **supply chains seemed ro-**\n**bust, flexible and able to respond** to increased demand.\n\nFood security actors in DR Congo had been using seed fairs\nsince the early 1990s. Based on this model, NFI actors began\nto conduct pilot NFI cash-voucher fairs.\n\n\n**HOW THE FAIRS WORK**\n\nThe approach since the initial pilots is to invite beneficiary\nfamilies to an organized, artificial, market place or \u201cfair\u201d (using the same targeting criteria as direct in-kind distributions).\nEach family receives cash-valued coupons \u2013 an average of\nUSD 75 \u2013 which they can exchange for goods [3] . A selected\nnumber of vendors \u2013 both larger wholesaler and smaller local\ntraders \u2013 offer a wide array of NFIs for sale, just like in a regular market. The range of items can be as limited or unrestricted as determined by the organization managing the fair, who\nsets the \u201crules\u201d on what items can be sold.\n\nA typical fair includes dozens, even hundreds, of different\ntypes of NFIs \u2013 sandals to soap, clothing to locally produced\ncooking pots, foam mattresses to plastic basins, farming tools\n\n3 The initial choice of USD 75 for a family of 4-6 persons was based on the cost\nof items and transport of the recommended standard family NFI kit in DR Congo.\n\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016** **71**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d2ff3c57-0716-3b13-940b-9e4d56a5ff06/d_r_congo_nfi_voucher_fairs_shelter_project_2015-16_a17.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFRICA** \ufeff **COMPLEX / MULTIPLE**\n\n\n\n_haggle and discuss prices under a set ceiling (Kalele, South Kivu province)._\n\n\nto flashlights. Depending on the total number of families to be\nserved, the organizing agency sets up several days of fairs in\na row, with anywhere between 300 and 700 families participating each day.\n\nWhere there might be concerns about vendors charging unfair prices, the organizing agency can set price ceilings on\ncertain key items with representatives of the beneficiaries and\nvendors; however, bargaining is always encouraged. Selected\nvendors have to sign an agreement that lays out rules and\nresponsibilities, including no guarantee of sale, respect of\nprice ceilings (and sanctions should these not be followed)\nand modes of payment. In some instances, a complementary\ndistribution of items such as plastic tarpaulin, jerry-cans, or female hygiene kits, is included, particularly in areas where the\nmarket is limited (in quality or quantity) or where the vendor\nprices for these items are too high.\n\nIn line with recommended Cluster practice for direct NFI distributions, adult women in the household are registered as the\nfamily\u2019s primary beneficiary to attend the fair \u2013 although it is\nencouraged that she come with her spouse or another family\nmember, to help transport the purchases home.\n\n\n**SCALING UP**\n\nSince the pilots, the NFI community in DR Congo has scaled\nup the use of the NFI voucher fair approach. Initially, humanitarian actors and the NFI-Shelter Cluster believed that while\nfairs were an innovative alternative to direct distributions, their\nscope would remain limited due to market capacity. This concern proved to be unfounded, as traders were able and willing\nto travel to remote areas to participate. They were also often\nmore effective and resourceful than the best NGO logistics operations (renting small trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles)\nin moving supplies to areas where a direct distribution would\nhave been impossible. In addition, the smaller vendors often\npooled resources to transport their merchandise to the fairs.\n\nThe NFI-Shelter Cluster actively promoted response analysis to inform programming by hosting multiple training and\nlearning events, as well as by accompanying partners on the\nground through \u201ccoaching visits\u201d. Each year, provincial and\nnational cluster coordinators and NGO co-facilitators conduct\nfield visits to NFI fairs and the distribution sites of different organizations, to provide feedback and coaching on their activities. While direct distribution remains an essential part of NFI\nresponse in DR Congo, the Cluster has helped in training and\nsupporting organizations to use the fair approach, reaching\n\n\n\n_NGO workers register vendors\u2019 merchandise at the fairs to ensure quality and_\n_that no prohibited items have been brought (Aboro, Ituri province)._\n\n\na point where all major international and national NFI actors\nnow use voucher fairs, for at least some portion of their response.\n\n\n**EVOLUTION OF THE APPROACH**\n\nIn the last few years, NFI actors have made significant progress\nin areas such as:\n\n**\u2022** **Collaborating** with food aid actors on joint NFI and food\nfairs;\n\n**\u2022** **Improving market and purchasing pattern analysis** to\nbetter determine an appropriate voucher value for affected zones, as well as to consider simultaneous distributions of certain items;\n\n**\u2022** **Promoting inclusion of locally made NFIs** ;\n\n**\u2022** **Integrating new technologies** for improved data collection and analysis \u2013 particularly of purchasing patterns;\n\n- Piloting the use of **electronic vouchers** ;\n\n- Setting fair **price ceilings** ;\n\n- Experimenting with **using vouchers in existing mar-**\n**kets** (open market vouchers).\n\nAnother, more recent, improvement (which some of the major\nNFI actors have adopted) is **adjusting the value of the vouch-**\n**ers by family size** . Instead of the standard USD 75 per family,\nthese NGOs now have three different voucher values:\n\n1) USD 55 for families of 1-3 persons;\n\n2) USD 75 for families of 4-6 persons;\n\n3) USD 90 and up for families of 7 or more persons.\n\nPost-fair monitoring has shown significant improvement in NFI\nScore-Card vulnerabilities, by using this approach, compared\nto the standard one.\n\nSome actors have started looking at the **option of moving to**\n**direct cash** to meet NFI needs. Purchasing pattern analyses\nof organizations using unconditional cash transfers typically reveal 40%-50% of cash being used on NFIs. While unconditional cash to address NFI needs remains an option to\nexplore, it may not be the best in all settings. A 2010 study\nof 1,688 families revealed that, in terms of availability, over\n66% of beneficiaries indicated that items they purchased at\nthe fairs were not regularly available at the markets where\nthey would typically purchase NFIs. Indeed, vendors travelling\nfrom significant distances of over 100km to participate in the\nfairs, are often providing a range of choice that families would\nnot find in their local markets.\n\n\n\n**72** **SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d2ff3c57-0716-3b13-940b-9e4d56a5ff06/d_r_congo_nfi_voucher_fairs_shelter_project_2015-16_a17.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COMPLEX / MULTIPLE** \ufeff **AFRICA**\n\n\n**STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND LESSONS LEARNED**\n\n\n_**CHALLENGES AND LEARNINGS**_\n\n\n\n_fairs (Market of Sake, North Kivu province)._\n\n\n_**STRENGTHS**_\n\nDriving the transformation was the recognition of the fair approach as a \u201cwin-win-win\u201d: for affected people, for humanitarian organizations and for the local economy.\n\n\n**+** **Beneficiary preference.** Monitoring visits with assisted\nfamilies have shown a significant preference for fairs over\ndistributions. Having choice over one\u2019s own assistance reinforces the dignity of beneficiaries, and was continually cited\nas an overwhelming advantage of the fairs. The concern that\nvendors might not be able to provide the quality and quantity\nto meet needs proved unfounded. In the same 2010 study of\n1,688 families beneficiaries stated that 96% of items bought at\nthe fairs were of very good or acceptable quality.\n\n\n**+** **Cost savings.** With savings on logistics, transport, and\nwarehousing, the fair approach is cheaper per family than an\nin-kind distribution. It also reduces the risks for implementing\norganizations, who are no longer responsible for the warehousing and security of NFIs before and during distributions.\nRecognizing the value for the beneficiaries of dignity and\nchoice, as well as the value for money of their contributions,\ndonors were also a catalyst behind the transformation. Humanitarian donors in DR Congo no longer accept proposals\nof a traditional distribution approach, if the organization has\nnot demonstrated why a cash-based approach is not possible.\n\n\n**+** **Local economy.** Thousands of local traders and producers of locally made NFIs have benefitted from participating\nin the fairs. Since the first pilots in late 2008, over USD 59\nmillion has been injected into the local Congolese economy,\nby organizations using the fair approach. Monitoring with vendors shows how this secondary \u201cimpact\u201d of fair programmes\nhas created new employment, opened markets in new areas,\nand increased the capital and diversified merchandise of local\ntraders.\n\n\n**+** **Speed.** As the fair approach became more common, humanitarian organizations were also able to increase the speed\nof implementation, particularly in areas where they were able\nto draw upon vendors with previous experience in fairs. As of\n2016, vendors in some areas were able to access NFIs for\nfairs and organize their logistics within less than a week (this\ncan take up to three weeks in cases where vendors are not\nfamiliar with the fair approach).\n\n\n\n\n**- Scalability.** One important limitation of the fair approach is\nthe scale. Experienced organizations can do a fair for up to\n700 families in a day. This mainly depends on the time families\nare allowed to \u201cshop\u201d and the need to count the vouchers that\nvendors received, at the end of the day. Fairs normally happen\nbetween 10am and 3pm for these two reasons. Organizations\nusually do 3-4 days of fairs in a row, depending on the number\nof families to be reached. A well-organized distribution, on the\nother hand, can reach two to three times as many families in\na day. Therefore, NFI distributions are still an essential part of\nthe response in DR Congo \u2013 particularly for large-scale interventions, or in new areas, where there are few vendors with\nexperience in the fair approach.\n\n\n**- Market capacity.** While the dynamism and reach of the\nmarkets in DR Congo has surpassed expectations, there are\nareas where markets are not able to provide the quantity,\nscope, and quality of items needed. Strong market and response analyses are needed to enable NFI actors to choose\nthe best modality between fairs, distributions, or a combination of the two.\n\n\n**- Dishonest vendors.** Vendors may attempt to take advantage of beneficiaries, despite agreements and monitoring by\nstaff, by not respecting price ceilings, or working with other vendors to fix a price and not allowing beneficiaries to negotiate.\n\n\n**- Smaller vendors.** Local / smaller vendors, local producers\nand artisans sometimes do not have the legally required registration and tax documents. This can be mitigated by encouraging vendors who do have all their registration papers with\nauthorities, to team up with smaller vendors and producers of\nlocally made NFIs, to sell these items at their stands.\n\n\n**- Restricted items.** There has been much discussion on\nwhen and how to put limitations on the types of items permitted at fairs, or whether organizations should set price caps\non certain items, so as to ensure that they remain focused on\nbasic needs \u2013 for example permitting items such as shoes,\nbut not shoes which are priced over a certain amount. Monitoring has shown that families tend to spend vouchers on\nthe same types of items as those found in a standard NFI kit.\nHowever, questions are raised on whether items like radios,\nplastic chairs, or small solar panels can be considered essential household NFIs. While the Cluster has developed some\nguidance, it ultimately remains an issue for each organization\nto examine with their donors and the communities they are\nserving, in consideration of the objective of their programme.\n\n\n**- Use of the vouchers.** A small minority of beneficiaries have\nreported having difficulties in using the vouchers. This is particularly true for the elderly, or illiterate. It is critical to ensure\nthat these beneficiaries are encouraged to come to the fairs\nwith someone who can assist them. The organization should\nalso have workers who can help accompany such beneficiaries at the fairs. The learning in DR Congo has been that there\nis never too much education and information sharing about\nusing the vouchers.\n\n\n\n**SHELTER PROJECTS 2015 - 2016** **www.shelterprojects.org** **73**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2010 study", - "confidence": 0.5803207755088806, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFRICA", - "confidence": 0.5249790549278259, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9798091053962708, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d2ff3c57-0716-3b13-940b-9e4d56a5ff06/d_r_congo_nfi_voucher_fairs_shelter_project_2015-16_a17.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } 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\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeaa\u0627\u0645 \u0625\ufedf\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufeae \u0648\ufef3\ufeaa\ufecb\ufeee \ufedb\ufe84\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeec\ufee2\n\n\n\u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufe8e\ufef3\ufe94 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeee\u0649 \u0631\ufed3\ufeca \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \ufed7\ufe8e\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\u0648\u0644 \ufeb3\ufe98\ufedc\ufeee\u0646\u060c\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufeae \ufeeb\ufeac\u0627 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeee\ufebf\ufea4\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufec4\ufeee\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufe97\ufea8\ufe8e\u0630 \ufea7\ufefc\u0644 \ufee3\ufee6\n\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufef2\u060c\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufec0\ufee0\ufef0 \ufee3\ufebc\ufe8e\ufedf\ufea4\ufeec\ufee2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufed8\ufef4\ufed6 \ufedb\ufef4\ufed4\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufe98\ufea4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufeaa \u0623\ufed3\ufec0\ufede \ufe91\ufeb8\ufedc\ufede \ufee3\ufea0\ufeec\ufeb0\u0629 \u0648\ufeb3\ufe98\ufedc\ufeee\u0646 \ufe97\ufee8\ufed8\ufee0\ufeec\ufee2 \u0623\ufe9b\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 \ufedf\ufef8\ufec3\ufed4\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufea3\ufe94\n\n\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\ufe91\ufe8e. \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u062c \ufea3\ufee0\ufeee\ufefb \ufe97\ufeb8\ufee4\ufede \ufed7\ufeaa\n\n\n[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71703 (](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/71703) \u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufea0\ufee0\ufef4\ufeb0\ufef3\ufe94 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee0\ufed0\ufe94 ) \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufeae \ufedf\ufed8\ufeae\u0627\u0629\n\n\n**:** **\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufecc\ufee0\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a** **\ufee3\ufee6** **\ufedf\ufee0\ufee4\ufeb0\ufef3\ufeaa**\n\n\n[throssel@unhcr.org, + 41 79 33 77 591](mailto:throssel@unhcr.org) : \ufe9b\ufeae\u0648\ufeb3\ufef4\ufede \ufedf\ufef4\ufeb0\u060c\ufe9f\ufee8\ufef4\ufed2 \ufed3\ufef2\n[cheshirk@unhcr.org, +30 6951 854 661](mailto:cheshirk@unhcr.org) : \ufeb7\ufef4\ufeb8\ufef4\ufeae\ufedb\ufeee\u0641 \ufe91\ufeee\u0631\ufef3\ufeb2\u060c\u0623\ufe9b\ufef4\ufee8\ufe8e \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[rentsch@unhcr.org, +49 151 706 660 15](mailto:rentsch@unhcr.org) : \u0631\ufef3\ufee8\ufe98\ufeb6 \ufee3\ufe8e\u0631\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6\u060c\ufe91\ufeae\ufedf\ufef4\ufee6 \ufed3\ufef2\n[patterso@unhcr.org, +32 2 627 5980](mailto:patterso@unhcr.org) : \ufe91\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeae\ufeb3\ufeee\u0646 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufef3\ufed2\u060c\ufe91\ufeae\u0648\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufede \ufed3\ufef2\n[stevanoz@unhcr.org, +36 305 309 633](mailto:stevanoz@unhcr.org) : \ufeb3\ufe98\ufef4\ufed4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeee\ufed3\ufef4\ufe98\ufeb6 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c\ufe91\ufeee\u062f\u0627\ufe91\ufeb4\ufe96 \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[clarke@unhcr.org, +353 87 989 3461 :](mailto:clarke@unhcr.org) \ufedb\ufefc\u0631\u0643 \ufe9f\ufeee\u062f\u064a\u060c\u062f\ufe91\ufee0\ufee6 \ufed3\ufef2\n[saltmars@unhcr.org, +44(0)7880 230 985](mailto:saltmars@unhcr.org) : \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\u0631\u0634 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe9b\ufef4\ufeee\u060c\ufedf\ufee8\ufeaa\u0646 \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[vegam@unhcr.org, +34 670 661 263](mailto:vegam@unhcr.org) : \ufed3\ufef4\ufed0\ufe8e \ufea7\ufef4\ufeb4\ufeee\u0633 \ufee3\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufe8e\u060c\ufee3\ufeaa\u0631\ufef3\ufeaa \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[schmittc@unhcr.org, +33 6 23 16 11 78](mailto:schmittc@unhcr.org) : \ufeb7\ufee4\ufef4\ufe96 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee0\ufef4\ufee6\u060c\ufe91\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufeb2 \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[sami@unhcr.org, +39 335 679 47 46](mailto:sami@unhcr.org) : \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef2 \ufedb\ufe8e\u0631\ufedf\ufeee\ufe97\ufe8e\u060c\u0631\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e \ufed3\ufef2\n[crvenkov@unhcr.org, +387 33 290 470](mailto:crvenkov@unhcr.org) : \ufedb\ufeae\ufed3\ufef4\ufee8\ufedc\ufeee\ufed3\ufe98\ufeb6 \ufee7\ufeae\ufed3\ufef4\ufee6\u060c\ufeb3\ufeae\u0627\ufef3\ufef4\ufed4\ufeee \ufed3\ufef2\n\n[bach@unhcr.org, + 46 708 66 0451](mailto:bach@unhcr.org) : \ufe91\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeb6 \ufedb\ufe8e\u0631\u0648\ufedf\ufef4\ufee6\u060c\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufedb\ufeec\ufeee\ufedf\ufee2 \ufed3\ufef2\n\n\n\n2/2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9d6a5c95-31fe-3df6-94fe-bf628620e511/desperate%20journeys_AR.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_793/raw/doc_793_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_793/raw/doc_793_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3b559fe282b941f78350b8e49752823689556ba9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_793/raw/doc_793_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Dimension, l\u2019ampleur, l\u2019impact de la crise de protection**\n\nLe conflit malien entre dans sa dixi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e et plus que jamais requiert une mobilisation. En\neffet cette crise multidimensionnelle affecte tous les secteurs et de mani\u00e8re cons\u00e9quente et\ng\u00e9n\u00e8re des risques de protection additionnels en plus de ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 existants.\n\n**Environnement juridique**\nLe Mali est partie \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 des trait\u00e9s et conventions internationales relatives aux droits\nhumains. La constitution en assure la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 par rapport aux lois (Article 115). A la lumi\u00e8re\nde ces nombreuses ratifications, le cluster de protection et la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire dans son\nensemble continueront \u00e0 s\u2019engager sur des chantiers l\u00e9gislatifs cruciaux visant \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration\nde l\u2019espace de protection et touchant aux droits des diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories de personnes\naffect\u00e9es :\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif \u00e0 la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage par ascendance\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi sur l\u2019asile\n\n - Le code de protection de l\u2019enfant\nEnfin, certains aspects qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019une transposition nationale tels que la traite d\u2019\u00eatre\nhumain (loi 2012) n\u00e9cessite un engagement continu afin d\u2019\u00eatre renforc\u00e9s pour une mise en\n\u0153uvre plus effective ou requi\u00e8rent encore, comme dans le cas de la loi fonci\u00e8re, les d\u00e9crets\nd\u2019application et validation des outils de s\u00e9curisation fonci\u00e8re pour la mise en \u0153uvre pratique de\nces textes nouveaux.\n\n**Risques de protection et violations des droits humains**\n\nEn 2021, les d\u00e9placements de population, la poursuite des conflits arm\u00e9s les violences\nintercommunautaires, les restrictions des mouvements de populations et les diverses violations\nde droits humains conjugu\u00e9s aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9pid\u00e9mies notamment celle globale de la COVID 19,\net les sanctions r\u00e9centes prises par la CEDEAO ont exacerb\u00e9 les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et r\u00e9duit les\ncapacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience des populations dans un environnement de protection de plus en plus\nd\u00e9grad\u00e9.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les populations civiles et leurs moyens de subsistance sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment et r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement\nattaqu\u00e9s (encerclement, attaques de village ou infrastructures civiles, pillage de r\u00e9colte, b\u00e9tails\net biens). De plus, d\u2019autres risques ayant un impact sur l\u2019espace de protection perdurent tels que\nl\u2019esclavage par ascendance, la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains dans ses diff\u00e9rentes formes, le trafic de\nmigrants y compris dans ses formes aggrav\u00e9es, affectant ainsi l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychique\ndes personnes mais aussi pouvant de mani\u00e8re incidente engendrer des mouvements de\npopulation.\nLes acteurs de protection ont enregistr\u00e9 en 2021 62% d\u2019incidents de protection en plus. Avec\n52,73% des violations document\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion de Mopti demeure celle ayant enregistr\u00e9 le plus\ngrand nombre d'incidents de protection. Elle est suivie des r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou (20,72%), de\nGao (11,49%) et de S\u00e9gou (10,73%). La majorit\u00e9 des incidents rapport\u00e9s montre une aggravation\nde la situation dans la zone centre selon une analyse des activit\u00e9s et de la pr\u00e9sence des\npartenaires de protection. Toutefois, il est important de noter que des zones telles que Gao,\nTombouctou, Kidal ou Menaka reste peu couvertes et peu de partenaires soumettent des projets\ndans ces zones. Une telle situation en plus de laisser les populations affect\u00e9es sans r\u00e9ponse aux\nincidents, risque d\u2019influencer le narratif de la crise en ce qu\u2019elle ne refl\u00e8te que partiellement le\ncontexte. La collecte d\u2019information dans de telles zones restant limit\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Impact du changement climatique**\nLe changement climatique exacerbe les conflits et les tensions autour de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux terres et aux\nressources naturelles et g\u00e9n\u00e8re \u00e9galement des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations.\n\n**Persistance de la menace explosive**\nLa pr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI)/mines sur les routes et voies d\u2019acc\u00e8s ont un\nimpact r\u00e9el sur l'acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire ainsi que sur la vie socio-\u00e9conomique et\nles d\u00e9placements des communaut\u00e9s, limitant d\u2019une part leur acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base,\naux ressources naturelles et aux moyens de subsistance et d\u2019autre part leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 poursuivre\nleurs activit\u00e9s quotidiennes.\n\n**Les groupes \u00e0 risque**\nLes restrictions de mouvements et la perte d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance affectent la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et augmente les risques de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs notamment\npour les plus vuln\u00e9rables. Tant l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services de sant\u00e9 que celui des\nhumanitaires aux populations notamment dans les zones les plus affect\u00e9es et les plus recul\u00e9es\nrestent des d\u00e9fis de premier plan exacerb\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rents facteurs mentionn\u00e9s.\n.\n\ni. Les enfants\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La fermeture des \u00e9coles expose davantage les enfants \u00e0 des risques tels que le travail forc\u00e9, les\nmariages pr\u00e9coces et l\u2019association d\u2019enfants \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nii. Les personnes vivant en situation de handicap\n\nDans un contexte o\u00f9 le cadre juridique ne prot\u00e8ge pas sp\u00e9cifiquement les droits des personnes\nen situation de handicap physique, sensoriel, intellectuel ou mental en mati\u00e8re d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl\u2019emploi, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, aux transports, aux soins de sant\u00e9, au syst\u00e8me judiciaire, \u00e0 l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9\ndes \u00e9difices publics ou \u00e0 d\u2019autres services publics, le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente un facteur\nd\u2019aggravation impactant sur la vie des plus vuln\u00e9rables et les pr\u00e9carisant davantage notamment\nceux ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant pas d\u2019un cadre socio-familial favorable et protecteur.\n\n\niii. Les femmes et les filles\n\n\nLes femmes et les filles sont souvent en premi\u00e8re ligne des diff\u00e9rentes violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre qu\u2019elles soient li\u00e9es aux normes soci\u00e9tales d\u2019un contexte largement construit autour d\u2019un\nr\u00f4le pr\u00e9dominant du p\u00e8re ou du mari y compris dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et \u00e9touffant les\nvell\u00e9it\u00e9s des femmes de rapporter des situations de violences domestiques, de mutilations\ng\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines, ou de mariages pr\u00e9coces et mariages forc\u00e9s. A celles-ci s\u2019ajoutent celles\ncr\u00e9\u00e9es par le conflit, augmentant le nombre de viols et autres agressions sexuelles commis\nnotamment par les GANE, exacerbant la pr\u00e9carisation \u00e9conomique conduisant un certain\nnombre au recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs affectant les femmes ou poussant\nles familles \u00e0 utiliser leurs filles comme moyen transactionnel.\n\n\n**Un espace de protection d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 et un financement insuffisant**\nEn 2022, les acteurs de protection ont besoin de 65 M USD pour mettre en \u0153uvre 51 projets\nde protection afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de protection de 2,9 millions de personnes cibl\u00e9es\nsur 3 millions de personnes dans le besoin. Ces r\u00e9ponses seront apport\u00e9es dans les cercles\nprioritaires des r\u00e9gions de Gao, Kidal, M\u00e9naka, Mopti, S\u00e9gou, Tombouctou, Kayes, Koulikoro,\nSikasso, et le district de Bamako. Il reste important de noter que la majorit\u00e9 de ces projets soumis\nconcernent les r\u00e9gions du centre montrant que certaines zones identifi\u00e9es comme prioritaires\nseront peu couvertes.\n\n**II. Messages cl\u00e9s**\n\n1. Une augmentation exponentielle de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en quelques\n\nmois allant de 332 957 en d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 401 736 en septembre 2021\n2. M\u00eame si le PIN (population dans le besoin) de la protection a connu une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse il\n\nne traduit nullement une am\u00e9lioration de la situation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. La n\u00e9cessaire priorisation de la protection \u00e0 base communautaire afin de renforcer la\n\nr\u00e9ponse de protection gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un meilleur engagement de la communaut\u00e9 mais\n\u00e9galement comme outil n\u00e9cessaire pour absorber les tensions communautaires et\nam\u00e9liorer le travail sur la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n4. Le cluster de protection et ses membres poursuivront leur engagement dans le\n\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s des partenaires locaux et nationaux comme pr\u00e9alable\nn\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables\n5. Plus les personnes sont en d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 plus elles connaissent une augmentation\n\ndes risques d\u2019incidents tels que les incidents VBG mais pas seulement.\n6. Si les populations h\u00f4tes acc\u00e8dent plus facilement aux services holistiques de prise en\n\ncharge, ces services restent insuffisants ou difficilement accessible pour un grand\nnombre.\n7. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'un engagement de toute la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire pour un meilleur\n\nacc\u00e8s des acteurs de protection au financement et particuli\u00e8rement le financement direct\npour les ONG locales et nationales afin d'assurer une couverture g\u00e9ographique plus\neffective dans la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire compte tenu de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation de\nprotection/l'augmentation des cas de violations des droits.\n8. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une int\u00e9gration plus effective de la protection transversale par les\n\ndiff\u00e9rents clusters mais \u00e9galement par les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement pour promouvoir la\ncentralit\u00e9 de la protection.\n9. Plus d\u2019attention doit \u00eatre donn\u00e9e \u00e0 certains groupes encore peu pris en compte tels que\n\nles jeunes et les personnes vivant en situation de handicap\n\n\n**Protection de l\u2019enfance**\n\n\n10. La persistance des violation graves contre les droits des enfants avec 652 violations\n\ndocument\u00e9s de janvier a septembre 2021, 562 enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s ainsi\nque 1 843 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s **ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s ;**\n11. Il est imp\u00e9ratif de continuer \u00e0 soutenir les actions visant \u00e0 mettre fin aux violations graves\n\ncontre les droits des enfants y compris le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de poursuites\njudiciaires contre les auteurs de violations graves des droits des enfants ;\n12. Le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection des enfants \u00e0 travers la\n\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des services sociaux de base (sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, protection) et une\naccessibilit\u00e9 plus inclusive des populations affect\u00e9es et des enfants en particulier\n\n\n**Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13. 9540 cas VBG **rapport\u00e9s** (GBV IMS) soit une augmentation de 44% de personnes\n\nsurvivantes. La pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s radicaux, fragilise d\u2019avantage les\ncommunaut\u00e9s et augmentent les risques de mariage forc\u00e9 car de plus en plus de famille\nsont oblig\u00e9s d\u2019utiliser leurs filles comme moyens de paiement de la \u00ab zakat \u00bb imposer par\nles groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Lutte anti-mine humanitaire**\n\n\n14. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9 autour de de 238 incidents caus\u00e9s par engins explosifs au total en 2021\n\ncontre 181 en 2020 ce qui se traduit par une augmentation des risques d\u2019exposition des\npopulations civiles, des acteurs humanitaires et des forces arm\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Logement, Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9**\n\n\n15. 76% des retourn\u00e9s, rapatri\u00e9s et PDI qui sont sur leurs terres n\u2019ont pas de documents pour\n\nassurer leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation.\n16. 24% des m\u00e9nages se sentent en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation des terres qui abritent leurs\n\nmaisons. La forme la plus pr\u00e9caire d\u2019occupation a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Menaka\no\u00f9 42,02% de m\u00e9nages sont des squatteurs.\n17. Selon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring du cluster de Protection au Mali notamment les\n\n\u00e9valuations rapides de protection, les \u00e9valuations RRM et les rapports DTM environ\n259006 probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux questions logement terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et ressources naturelles\nont pu \u00eatre relev\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Mopti, Segou, Menaka et Tombouctou pour\nla seule ann\u00e9e 2021.\n18. L\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes aux terres agricoles est limit\u00e9 78% des femmes vivent en milieu rural\n\net seulement 10% ont des droits d\u2019utilisation et 8% ont des titres fonciers\n19. 53% des probl\u00e8mes relatifs aux questions terres, logement et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 concernent les\n\nfemmes\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III.Photos**\n\n\nPhoto 1 : Projection du Film \"A qui la faute ?\", outils de sensibilisation aux PSEA,2021 Photo2. Sessions D\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques d\u2019engin explosif a Bankass 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4798fd49-c515-3fa0-a5d7-3fa4af2e2e98/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_794/raw/doc_794_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_794/raw/doc_794_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5666b395fa900d6d5b8af65c20ea6c8e2136e92a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_794/raw/doc_794_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Dimension, l\u2019ampleur, l\u2019impact de la crise de protection**\n\nLe conflit malien entre dans sa dixi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e et plus que jamais requiert une mobilisation. En\neffet cette crise multidimensionnelle affecte tous les secteurs et de mani\u00e8re cons\u00e9quente et\ng\u00e9n\u00e8re des risques de protection additionnels en plus de ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 existants.\n\n**Environnement juridique**\nLe Mali est partie \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 des trait\u00e9s et conventions internationales relatives aux droits\nhumains. La constitution en assure la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 par rapport aux lois (Article 115). A la lumi\u00e8re\nde ces nombreuses ratifications, le cluster de protection et la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire dans son\nensemble continueront \u00e0 s\u2019engager sur des chantiers l\u00e9gislatifs cruciaux visant \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration\nde l\u2019espace de protection et touchant aux droits des diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories de personnes\naffect\u00e9es :\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif \u00e0 la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage par ascendance\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi relatif aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n - L\u2019avant-projet de loi sur l\u2019asile\n\n - Le code de protection de l\u2019enfant\nEnfin, certains aspects qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019une transposition nationale tels que la traite d\u2019\u00eatre\nhumain (loi 2012) n\u00e9cessite un engagement continu afin d\u2019\u00eatre renforc\u00e9s pour une mise en\n\u0153uvre plus effective ou requi\u00e8rent encore, comme dans le cas de la loi fonci\u00e8re, les d\u00e9crets\nd\u2019application et validation des outils de s\u00e9curisation fonci\u00e8re pour la mise en \u0153uvre pratique de\nces textes nouveaux.\n\n**Risques de protection et violations des droits humains**\n\nEn 2021, les d\u00e9placements de population, la poursuite des conflits arm\u00e9s les violences\nintercommunautaires, les restrictions des mouvements de populations et les diverses violations\nde droits humains conjugu\u00e9s aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9pid\u00e9mies notamment celle globale de la COVID 19,\net les sanctions r\u00e9centes prises par la CEDEAO ont exacerb\u00e9 les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et r\u00e9duit les\ncapacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience des populations dans un environnement de protection de plus en plus\nd\u00e9grad\u00e9.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les populations civiles et leurs moyens de subsistance sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment et r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement\nattaqu\u00e9s (encerclement, attaques de village ou infrastructures civiles, pillage de r\u00e9colte, b\u00e9tails\net biens). De plus, d\u2019autres risques ayant un impact sur l\u2019espace de protection perdurent tels que\nl\u2019esclavage par ascendance, la traite d\u2019\u00eatres humains dans ses diff\u00e9rentes formes, le trafic de\nmigrants y compris dans ses formes aggrav\u00e9es, affectant ainsi l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et psychique\ndes personnes mais aussi pouvant de mani\u00e8re incidente engendrer des mouvements de\npopulation.\nLes acteurs de protection ont enregistr\u00e9 en 2021 62% d\u2019incidents de protection en plus. Avec\n52,73% des violations document\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion de Mopti demeure celle ayant enregistr\u00e9 le plus\ngrand nombre d'incidents de protection. Elle est suivie des r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou (20,72%), de\nGao (11,49%) et de S\u00e9gou (10,73%). La majorit\u00e9 des incidents rapport\u00e9s montre une aggravation\nde la situation dans la zone centre selon une analyse des activit\u00e9s et de la pr\u00e9sence des\npartenaires de protection. Toutefois, il est important de noter que des zones telles que Gao,\nTombouctou, Kidal ou Menaka reste peu couvertes et peu de partenaires soumettent des projets\ndans ces zones. Une telle situation en plus de laisser les populations affect\u00e9es sans r\u00e9ponse aux\nincidents, risque d\u2019influencer le narratif de la crise en ce qu\u2019elle ne refl\u00e8te que partiellement le\ncontexte. La collecte d\u2019information dans de telles zones restant limit\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Impact du changement climatique**\nLe changement climatique exacerbe les conflits et les tensions autour de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux terres et aux\nressources naturelles et g\u00e9n\u00e8re \u00e9galement des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations.\n\n**Persistance de la menace explosive**\nLa pr\u00e9sence d'engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI)/mines sur les routes et voies d\u2019acc\u00e8s ont un\nimpact r\u00e9el sur l'acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire ainsi que sur la vie socio-\u00e9conomique et\nles d\u00e9placements des communaut\u00e9s, limitant d\u2019une part leur acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base,\naux ressources naturelles et aux moyens de subsistance et d\u2019autre part leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 poursuivre\nleurs activit\u00e9s quotidiennes.\n\n**Les groupes \u00e0 risque**\nLes restrictions de mouvements et la perte d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance affectent la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et augmente les risques de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs notamment\npour les plus vuln\u00e9rables. Tant l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services de sant\u00e9 que celui des\nhumanitaires aux populations notamment dans les zones les plus affect\u00e9es et les plus recul\u00e9es\nrestent des d\u00e9fis de premier plan exacerb\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rents facteurs mentionn\u00e9s.\n.\n\ni. Les enfants\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La fermeture des \u00e9coles expose davantage les enfants \u00e0 des risques tels que le travail forc\u00e9, les\nmariages pr\u00e9coces et l\u2019association d\u2019enfants \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nii. Les personnes vivant en situation de handicap\n\nDans un contexte o\u00f9 le cadre juridique ne prot\u00e8ge pas sp\u00e9cifiquement les droits des personnes\nen situation de handicap physique, sensoriel, intellectuel ou mental en mati\u00e8re d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nl\u2019emploi, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, aux transports, aux soins de sant\u00e9, au syst\u00e8me judiciaire, \u00e0 l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9\ndes \u00e9difices publics ou \u00e0 d\u2019autres services publics, le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente un facteur\nd\u2019aggravation impactant sur la vie des plus vuln\u00e9rables et les pr\u00e9carisant davantage notamment\nceux ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant pas d\u2019un cadre socio-familial favorable et protecteur.\n\n\niii. Les femmes et les filles\n\n\nLes femmes et les filles sont souvent en premi\u00e8re ligne des diff\u00e9rentes violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre qu\u2019elles soient li\u00e9es aux normes soci\u00e9tales d\u2019un contexte largement construit autour d\u2019un\nr\u00f4le pr\u00e9dominant du p\u00e8re ou du mari y compris dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et \u00e9touffant les\nvell\u00e9it\u00e9s des femmes de rapporter des situations de violences domestiques, de mutilations\ng\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines, ou de mariages pr\u00e9coces et mariages forc\u00e9s. A celles-ci s\u2019ajoutent celles\ncr\u00e9\u00e9es par le conflit, augmentant le nombre de viols et autres agressions sexuelles commis\nnotamment par les GANE, exacerbant la pr\u00e9carisation \u00e9conomique conduisant un certain\nnombre au recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs affectant les femmes ou poussant\nles familles \u00e0 utiliser leurs filles comme moyen transactionnel.\n\n\n**Un espace de protection d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 et un financement insuffisant**\nEn 2022, les acteurs de protection ont besoin de 65 M USD pour mettre en \u0153uvre 51 projets\nde protection afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de protection de 2,9 millions de personnes cibl\u00e9es\nsur 3 millions de personnes dans le besoin. Ces r\u00e9ponses seront apport\u00e9es dans les cercles\nprioritaires des r\u00e9gions de Gao, Kidal, M\u00e9naka, Mopti, S\u00e9gou, Tombouctou, Kayes, Koulikoro,\nSikasso, et le district de Bamako. Il reste important de noter que la majorit\u00e9 de ces projets soumis\nconcernent les r\u00e9gions du centre montrant que certaines zones identifi\u00e9es comme prioritaires\nseront peu couvertes.\n\n**II. Messages cl\u00e9s**\n\n1. Une augmentation exponentielle de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en quelques\n\nmois allant de 332 957 en d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 401 736 en septembre 2021\n2. M\u00eame si le PIN (population dans le besoin) de la protection a connu une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse il\n\nne traduit nullement une am\u00e9lioration de la situation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. La n\u00e9cessaire priorisation de la protection \u00e0 base communautaire afin de renforcer la\n\nr\u00e9ponse de protection gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un meilleur engagement de la communaut\u00e9 mais\n\u00e9galement comme outil n\u00e9cessaire pour absorber les tensions communautaires et\nam\u00e9liorer le travail sur la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n4. Le cluster de protection et ses membres poursuivront leur engagement dans le\n\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s des partenaires locaux et nationaux comme pr\u00e9alable\nn\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables\n5. Plus les personnes sont en d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 plus elles connaissent une augmentation\n\ndes risques d\u2019incidents tels que les incidents VBG mais pas seulement.\n6. Si les populations h\u00f4tes acc\u00e8dent plus facilement aux services holistiques de prise en\n\ncharge, ces services restent insuffisants ou difficilement accessible pour un grand\nnombre.\n7. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'un engagement de toute la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire pour un meilleur\n\nacc\u00e8s des acteurs de protection au financement et particuli\u00e8rement le financement direct\npour les ONG locales et nationales afin d'assurer une couverture g\u00e9ographique plus\neffective dans la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire compte tenu de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation de\nprotection/l'augmentation des cas de violations des droits.\n8. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une int\u00e9gration plus effective de la protection transversale par les\n\ndiff\u00e9rents clusters mais \u00e9galement par les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement pour promouvoir la\ncentralit\u00e9 de la protection.\n9. Plus d\u2019attention doit \u00eatre donn\u00e9e \u00e0 certains groupes encore peu pris en compte tels que\n\nles jeunes et les personnes vivant en situation de handicap\n\n\n**Protection de l\u2019enfance**\n\n\n10. La persistance des violation graves contre les droits des enfants avec 652 violations\n\ndocument\u00e9s de janvier a septembre 2021, 562 enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s ainsi\nque 1 843 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s **ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s ;**\n11. Il est imp\u00e9ratif de continuer \u00e0 soutenir les actions visant \u00e0 mettre fin aux violations graves\n\ncontre les droits des enfants y compris le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de poursuites\njudiciaires contre les auteurs de violations graves des droits des enfants ;\n12. Le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection des enfants \u00e0 travers la\n\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des services sociaux de base (sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, protection) et une\naccessibilit\u00e9 plus inclusive des populations affect\u00e9es et des enfants en particulier\n\n\n**Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13. 9540 cas VBG **rapport\u00e9s** (GBV IMS) soit une augmentation de 44% de personnes\n\nsurvivantes. La pr\u00e9sence de groupes arm\u00e9s radicaux, fragilise d\u2019avantage les\ncommunaut\u00e9s et augmentent les risques de mariage forc\u00e9 car de plus en plus de famille\nsont oblig\u00e9s d\u2019utiliser leurs filles comme moyens de paiement de la \u00ab zakat \u00bb imposer par\nles groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**Lutte anti-mine humanitaire**\n\n\n14. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9 autour de de 238 incidents caus\u00e9s par engins explosifs au total en 2021\n\ncontre 181 en 2020 ce qui se traduit par une augmentation des risques d\u2019exposition des\npopulations civiles, des acteurs humanitaires et des forces arm\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Logement, Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9**\n\n\n15. 76% des retourn\u00e9s, rapatri\u00e9s et PDI qui sont sur leurs terres n\u2019ont pas de documents pour\n\nassurer leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation.\n16. 24% des m\u00e9nages se sentent en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation des terres qui abritent leurs\n\nmaisons. La forme la plus pr\u00e9caire d\u2019occupation a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Menaka\no\u00f9 42,02% de m\u00e9nages sont des squatteurs.\n17. Selon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring du cluster de Protection au Mali notamment les\n\n\u00e9valuations rapides de protection, les \u00e9valuations RRM et les rapports DTM environ\n259006 probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux questions logement terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et ressources naturelles\nont pu \u00eatre relev\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions de Gao, Mopti, Segou, Menaka et Tombouctou pour\nla seule ann\u00e9e 2021.\n18. L\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes aux terres agricoles est limit\u00e9 78% des femmes vivent en milieu rural\n\net seulement 10% ont des droits d\u2019utilisation et 8% ont des titres fonciers\n19. 53% des probl\u00e8mes relatifs aux questions terres, logement et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 concernent les\n\nfemmes\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III.Photos**\n\n\nPhoto 1 : Projection du Film \"A qui la faute ?\", outils de sensibilisation aux PSEA,2021 Photo2. Sessions D\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques d\u2019engin explosif a Bankass 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/198c05f4-fe61-4e96-bfd7-8e9914b5011f/dimension_ampleur_et_impact_de_la_crise_de_protection_et_messages_cles-_hno_hrp_2022-pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_795/raw/doc_795_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_795/raw/doc_795_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 07aeb380c08f45fbefeca158f1fe6e2ef8fb2abf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_795/raw/doc_795_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1239 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nThe second Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was initiated\n\nby UNHCR sub-office in Cox\u2019s Bazar in August 2018 to\n\nmonitor various aspects of Non-Food Item (NFI) distribution\n\nthrough feedback from refugees, including on the quality,\n\nusefulness and sufficiency of items. The first PDM on NFI\n\nwas conducted in March 2018. UNHCR would like to thank\n\nits staff members and the Multi-Functional Team who\n\nprovided support and guidance from planning to finalizing\n\nthis exercise, and the members of refugee families who\n\npaticipated by providing their valuable feedback.\n\n\n~~**CONTACT US**~~\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n**COVER PHOTOGRAPH:**\nRohingya children sitting beneath of a solar lamp at Kutupalong refugee camp\nin Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell\n\n\n2 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9873263239860535, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.9202515482902527, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6479249000549316, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9079906940460205, - "start": 43, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n#### Contents\n\n\n**Introduction** **4**\n\nBackground 4\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) 5\n\nMethodology 6\n\n**Findings and comparative analysis** **8**\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile 8\n\nKey findings 8\n\nQuality of items 10\n\nSufficiency of items 11\n\nUsefulness of items 12\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement 12\n\nUse of items 14\n\nDistribution method 15\n\nChallenges before and after NFI distribution 19\n\nPreferred items 19\n\n**Recommendation and way forward** **20**\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n_Kutupalong refugee camp @UNHCR/Philipp Hubner_\n\n### Introduction\n\nBackground\n\n\nSince 25 August 2017, human rights violations and targeted violence [1] against the Rohingya community in Rakhine\nState, Myanmar, have forced over 728,000 [2] of them to seek sanctuary in Bangladesh. Half of the refugees (55%)\nare children. Within two months of the first arrivals, the number of refugee population in Cox\u2019s Bazar district quadrupled, which made it the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world. The refugees continued to arrive by foot and\nboat in subsequent months. Most of them came with few belongings or cash.\n\n\nUNHCR was among the first humanitarian organisations to respond to the refugee influx with life-saving assistance. Packages of blankets, plastic sheets, sleeping mats, family tents, plastic rolls, kitchen sets, jerry cans and\nbuckets were distributed initially to 250,000 refugees within weeks after their arrival.\n\n\nBy end of August 2018, UNHCR distributed 93,803 Core Relief Item (CRI) packages to newly arrived refugee\nfamilies, each containing tarpaulins, kitchen set, blanket, jerry can, bucket, sleeping mat and solar lamp. At the\nsame time, 90,524 families received Upgrade Shelter Kit (USK) consisting of _mulli_ and _borak_ bamboos [3], rope,\nplastic tarpaulins, sandbags and toolkits, to reinforce their shelters for the monsoon season. UNHCR, in close\ncollaboration with partner agencies and other humanitarian actors, continues to support the Government of\nBangladesh in responding to the refugee crisis by ensuring relief items are prepositioned and delivered to the\nmost vulnerable refugees and host communities in a timely manner.\n\n\n_1. See Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Mission report of OHCHR rapid response mission to Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh,_\n_13-24 September 2017._\n\n\n_2. UNHCR Population factsheet as of 31 September 2018. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar_refugees_\n\n\n_3. Mulli (Melocanna baccifera) and borak (Bambusa balcooa) bamboos are essential parts of the Upgrade Shelter Kit (USK) to create and strengthen_\n_shelter framework. The USK provides 60 mulli bamboos of various length with a minimum of 20 feet (about 6 meters) long and measuring about 2-3_\n_inches in circumference. It also includes four pieces of borak bamboos of various length (minimum 25 feet or 7.6 meters long) and at least eight inch_\n_perimeter measurement at 1/3 length from the toe of each bamboo._\n\n\n4 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Population factsheet", - "confidence": 0.9198455810546875, - "start": 354, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8450375199317932, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OHCHR", - "confidence": 0.5508572459220886, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6183539032936096, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7078894972801208, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6736098527908325, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nObjectives of Post Distribution\nMonitoring (PDM)\n\n\nUNHCR uses Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a\nmechanism to collect refugee\u2019s feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilisation and effectiveness of assistance received. It is conducted after the distribution of\nrelief items is completed. The first PDM on Non-Food\nItem (NFI) was done in March 2018 covering the period since the beginning of the refugee influx in August\n2017. The outcome of the PDM exercise was used to _Rohingya refugees carrying home packages of Core Relief Items at the_\n\n_Kutupalong extension site @UNHCR/Keane Shum_\n\ninform the procurement efforts as well as subsequent\nNFI distribution which was monitored through the second exercise conducted in August 2018, or a year after the\ninflux. A total of 2,298 households who received NFIs from UNHCR took part in this PDM exercise.\n\n\nThe second PDM exercise includes distribution of six types of NFI packages by UNHCR and partners to\nRohingya refugees from April to August 2018. These are Compressed Rice Husk (CRH) [4], Core Relief Item (CRI) [5],\nUSK [6], Tie-Down Kit (TDK) [7][, ][8], WASH Hygiene Kit [9] and Female Hygiene Kit [10] . It does not include, but coincides\nwith, the pilot distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and cooking sets to refugees in August 2018 as a\njoint effort with other humanitarian organisations to stop deforestation.\n\n\nUNHCR has been distributing CRH briquettes since November 2017 as a cleaner cooking alternative to reduce\nthe needs for firewood. Eligible refugee families receive 19 kg of briquettes a month. However, the amounts supplied only meet 30% of the daily needs of 80,000 families. This is due to limited production capacity of all local\nCRH suppliers which can only cover the said percentage of needs of the refugee settlements. Since May 2018,\nUNHCR started to procure larger quantities of CRH briquettes (38 kg) to families of seven members and above [11] .\nA report reviewing clean cooking options for refugees in Cox\u2019s Bazar stated that the CRH producers had not been\nable to deliver the quantities they claimed due to further restrictions caused by the seasonality of biomass [12] .\n\n\n_4. Compressed Rice Husks (CRH) used to contain one bag of 19 kg, irrespective of the family size up until April 2018. Since May 2018, UNHCR has_\n_increase the quantity to two bags of 19 kg for families with sizes of 7 and above. 705,782 bags of CRH was distributed from January to August 2018,_\n_while in by December 2017, 271,935 bags of CRH was also distributed in all camps where UNHCR was directly distributing non-food items._\n\n_5. Core Relief Items (CRI) - a kit contains sleeping mats (5 pieces); blanket (5 pieces); jerry can (1 piece); solar lamp (1 piece); bucket (1 piece); plastic_\n_sheet (1 piece); kitchen set (1 pack). 47,053 families received CRI during August \u2013 December 2017 whereas 46,750 families received CRI during January \u2013_\n_August 2018._\n\n_6. Upgraded Shelter Kit (USK) contains rope (30m); tarpaulin 4 x 5m (2 sheets); borak bamboo (4 pieces); mulli bamboo (60 pieces); sandbag (20 bags);_\n_tool kit (1 kit / 5 families); wire (wire is part of Pre-Monsoon Kit not included in the USK). From August to December 2017, 27,709USK were distributed_\n_whereas 62,815 USK were distributed during January to August 2018._\n\n_7. Tie-Down Kit (TDK) comprises iron pegs (6 pieces); 60m of rope (1 piece) and wire (1 kg). As of August 2018, UNHCR has distributed 80,737 TDK. It is_\n_also called Pre-Monsoon Kit._\n\n_8. The Post-Disaster Kit (PDK) is distributed to a refugee family who is directly affected by the monsoon rains. The kit is distributed separately from other_\n_NFIs. This PDM survey does not cover the PDK in details, as it will be included as part of a PDM survey for monsoon season. A kit contains Synthetic_\n_sleeping mats (2); tarpaulin 4 x 5 m (1); plastic bucket (1); rope (60m) wire (1kg) and aqua tabs (130). As of August 2018, UNHCR has distributed 9,560 Post-_\n_Monsoon Kits._\n\n_9. WASH Hygiene Kit contains drinking water pot (jerry can) 10 liters (4 pieces); jug with lid- plastic (toxin free) (1 piece); mug- made of plastic (5 pieces);_\n_potty for safe children excrete disposal (1 piece); bodna, large (1 piece); brush for latrine cleaning (1piece); sandal for latrine use for children (1 piece);_\n_sandal for latrine use for adults (1 piece); disposable nappies (1 piece); detergent powder (2 packs); bath soap (5 bars); laundry soap (10 bars); non-_\n_disposable sanitary cloth (6 pieces); gamcha (local towel) (2 pieces); nail cutter (1 piece); heavy duty plastic bucket w/Lid \u2013 15-litre capacity (1 piece). As of_\n_August 2018, UNHCR has distributed 47,127 WASH Hygiene Kits._\n\n_10. A Female Hygiene Kit consists of reusable sanitary napkins (3 packs x 6 pieces); female underwear (3 pieces); 125ml antiseptic liquid (4 bottles);_\n_100mg bath soap (8 bars); 130mg laundry soap (8 bars) and 5-lt plastic bucket (1 piece) for female refugees aged 12 to 59 years old every six month. As_\n_of August 2018, UNHCR has distributed 32,991 Female Hygiene Kits._\n\n_11. UNHCR Bangladesh Standard Operating Procedures for Non-Food Item distributions (Regular & Seasonal). Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018_\n\n_12. UNHCR. Review of Clean Cooking Options for Refugee Settings, Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. December 2017_\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9868134260177612, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDM", - "confidence": 0.7326520681381226, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7760753631591797, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8935131430625916, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM on Non-Food\nItem", - "confidence": 0.5484973192214966, - "start": 59, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6376035213470459, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8459321856498718, - "start": 177, - "end": 179 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n_Compressed Rice Husks are distributed to Rohingya refugees living in Kutupalong camp \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell_\n\n\nIn comparison, the LPG is a cheaper, more sustainable and cleaner form of fuel for cooking, which will eventually replace CRH as alternative cooking fuel in the refugee settlements.\n\n\nThe March PDM only focussed on five types of NFI packages \u2013 CRH, CRI Kit, Shelter Kit, WASH Hygiene Kit\nand Clothing [13] . Some items, such as clothing and two items (safety pins, toothbrush) as part of a WASH\nHygiene Kit, were no longer distributed after April 2018.\n\n\nMethodology\n\n\nFor this PDM exercise, sampled households were selected with 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. In order to assure that a minimum target number of respondents was met for the desired level of precision, a 10% buffer was added, bringing the total randomly selected households to approximately 143 per\nsettlement. A total of 2,298 households were interviewed by 60 trained independent enumerators from 29\nAugust to 6 September 2018. The survey was conducted in 16 refugee settlements _(see map 1)_ where\nUNHCR and partners are directly distributing non-food items. Data was collected using Kobo online data\ncollection system.\n\n\nA qualitative survey was incorporated into the second PDM exercise on NFI, following a review on the methodology used in the first PDM by UNHCR\u2019s Multi-Functional Team. A total of 29 Focus Group Discussions\n(FGD), including 15 with female and 14 with male groups, were held from 12 to13 September 2018 in the 16\nsettlements with a team of six UNHCR protection staff and 16 trained independents facilitators.\n\n\n_13. The Post-Distribution Monitoring in March 2018 report can be accessed through: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/64564_\n\n\n6 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8787546753883362, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kutupalong camp", - "confidence": 0.5155971050262451, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6746043562889099, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.8626281023025513, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kobo online data\ncollection system", - "confidence": 0.5028699636459351, - "start": 229, - "end": 234 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7920814156532288, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6256271004676819, - "start": 216, - "end": 217 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "16 refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.6687515377998352, - "start": 205, - "end": 208 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5825514197349548, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.562219500541687, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8592614531517029, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-Distribution Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8741598725318909, - "start": 315, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7585174441337585, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5498738884925842, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5494662523269653, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5692909359931946, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n### Findings and comparative analysis\n\n\nRespondent\u2019s profile\n\n\nAbout 42% female and 58% male refugees provided feedback on various items distributed in different settlements. The majority of the refugees taking part in the PDM exercise (63%) were between 26 and 59 years\nold while 26% were between 18 and 25 years old and only 2% were below 18 years of age. About 9% of\nrefugees were older than 60 years. More than 90% of the surveyed refugees were heads of household\nincluding 38% female and 62% male.\n\n\n\nSeventeen percent _(Chart 1)_ of the surveyed refugees reported having specific needs. Out of the 17%\nwho reported having a specific need, 53% stated\nhaving chronic medical conditions, 25% reported\nhaving serious medical conditions while 14% had a\ndisability. The average family size was four, with\n79% of the surveyed refugee households had less\nthan seven members, 20% lived with seven to ten\nfamily members, and 1% had more than 10 family\nmembers.\n\n\n\n**Chart 1:** % of responbents with specific needs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9617074728012085, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.6027539968490601, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8781124353408813, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- - Almost 98% of surveyed respondents reported using the kits received. Approximately 2%\nstated they stored the items. CRH scored the\nhighest (4.31) in usefulness by almost 100%\nof surveyed refugees, followed by TDK (4.29)\nand USK (4.28).\n\n- - The second PDM exercise further confirms\nthe clean cooking options report that CRH\nbriquette is not sustainable due to supply\nshortage. Another safer and cleaner cooking\nfuel is therefore required to stop firewood\ncollection and mitigate other risks. About\n99% of refugees reported using the CRH received, however more than half (61%) stated\nthat the CRH lasted for a short period 1-2\nweeks. Many refugees interviewed in the\nFGDs mentioned that they cooked for a large\nfamily which quickly used the CRH up. The\nshortage prompted the refugees to resort to\ncollecting firewood in the forest to meet their\ncooking needs. Nearly 1% of refugees reported selling their CRIs (in particular jerry can,\nkitchen set, solar lamp and blanket) for cash\nto buy food to diversify their diet. This was\nconsistent with the findings from the March\nPDM, except that in this PDM, respondents\nmentioned payment for healthcare and clothing as other reasons why they sell CRIs.\nMany refugees attending the FGDs requested gas as another alternative cooking fuel.\nRefugee households who had received LPG\nand cooking set from UNHCR and partners\nwhen the PDM exercise was conducted stated the items were useful.\n\n- - Shelter TDK, which was distributed prior to\nmonsoon season to reinforce shelters, received the highest score (4.22) on quality\namong all six NFI packages under review.\nThe USK scored next with 4.15 followed by\nWASH Hygiene Kit with 4.09. The refugees\nstated that all items in the TDK were of good\nquality, with iron pegs scoring the highest for\nquality (4.29). All refugees (100%) reported\nusing the TDK they received, with more than\n97% stating that the TDK proved useful during the monsoon season.\n\n\n\nPOST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n- - Refugees reported better organisation of NFI\ndistribution than was previously surveyed in\nMarch. Almost 99% of refugees attending\nthe PDM exercise rated their satisfaction as\nabove average with a score of more than 3.0\npoints on a Likert scale. An average score of\n4.0 points were given by refugees who were\nsatisfied with the distribution of USK, WASH\nHygiene Kit and TDK.\n\n- - An average of 1% of the surveyed refugees\nwho scored the distribution organisation low\nreported problems during and after distribution. Most of them expressed concerns over\nlong waiting time; limited number of distribution points and, for the existing ones, the distance to and from distribution points. This\nhas particularly affected women and persons\nwith specific needs such as the elderly. About\none-third of the surveyed refugees reported\nwalking for 15-30 minutes to reach the distribution points, most often through hilly terrain\nunder unfavourable weather conditions. Due\nto their shelter\u2019s distance from distribution\npoints, some 27% of refugees reported paying others to collect and transport relief items\nto and from the sites. Payments range from\nBangladeshi Taka (BDT) 5 to 1,000 (1\nBDT=USD 0.012).\n\n- - About 53% of refugees stated they received\ninformation on distribution and their entitlements prior to the NFI distribution, as compared to 38% in the March PDM. Many reported getting the information from majhis\n(community leader appointed by the Army)\nusing various means, such as the mosque\nloudspeaker. Information on entitlement was\nreceived by over 50% of surveyed refugees\nprior to distribution, except for WASH Hygiene Kit, with 30% reported obtaining the\ninformation prior to and during the\ndistribution.\n\n\n_14. All NFI packages but CRH, WASH and Female Hygiene_\n_Top-up Kits, are distributed only once to newly arrived refugee_\n_families. CRH is distributed monthly while the WASH/Female_\n_Hygiene Top-up Kits were provided once every six month by_\n_various organisations. The Pre-Monsoon /Tie-Down Kit was_\n_distributed to all refugee families in 16 settlements under_\n_review prior to the monsoon seasons to strengthen their_\n_shelters, while refugee households affected by the monsoon_\n_received Post-Disaster Kit._\n\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "March\nPDM", - "confidence": 0.9301074147224426, - "start": 212, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8672366738319397, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9372916221618652, - "start": 384, - "end": 387 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.6538872122764587, - "start": 388, - "end": 391 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9851680994033813, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "March PDM", - "confidence": 0.6026185750961304, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information on distribution and their entitlements", - "confidence": 0.5346735715866089, - "start": 624, - "end": 630 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8564246892929077, - "start": 796, - "end": 797 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9337160587310791, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nQuality of items\n\n\nOverall, the quality of items received was rated 4.1 [15]\non a 5-point scale, a 0.2 point increase from the\nPDM conducted in March 2018. UNHCR reads this\nas a reflection of its efforts to get better value for\nmoney with local suppliers. Almost all surveyed refugees (99%) who received all six NFI packages rated\nthe quality of items as high, scoring above 4.0 point.\n\n\n\nFemale\nHygiene Kit\n\n\n\n**Chart 2:** Score on quality of items\n**Compare to March**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0.38\n\n\n0.35\n\n\n0.16\n\n\n0.03\n\n\nN/A\n\n\n\nShelter Kit\n\nWASH\nHygiene Kit\n\nCore\nRelief Item\n\nCompressed\n\nRice Husk\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe TDK scored the highest among all six NFI packages with 4.22 _(Chart 2)_, while iron pegs were rated as the highest in quality with 4.29 _(Chart 3)_ . Disposable\nnappies, which are part of WASH Hygiene Kit, were rated above average (3.95).\n\n\n**Chart 3:** Score on quality of items\n\n\n\n**Core**\n**Relief Item**\n\n\n\n**Upgrade**\n**Shelter Kit**\n\n\n\n**Tie-Down**\n\n**Kit**\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n**Hygiene Kit**\n\n\n\n**Female**\n**Hygiene Kit**\n\n\n\nThe recent PDM exercise also delved further into the refugees\u2019 perception, particularly those who scored\nbelow average for an item\u2019s quality. Two refugees reported that the quality of CRH was low without elaborating. Seven refugees mentioned the solar lights had less charging and poor lighting power, and were nonfunctional after being used for a short time. A refugee reported that the blanket was very thin. No reasons\nprovided by refugees who indicated that the quality of CRI was below average. The FGDs in some refugee\ncamps also commented on the quality of bamboo, solar light and tarpaulin \u2013 for example, the bamboo was\nnot mature enough, the tarpaulin was damaged within months, and solar lamp did not last long.\n\n\nSeven refugees said the quality of tarpaulin was not good as it was leaking during the rain. UNHCR had\nresponded by inviting the plastic sheeting suppliers to investigate the quality complaints on site. Preliminary\nreport suggests the cause of the problem was related to incorrect application. A refugee reported that _bo-_\n_rak_ bamboo was not of good quality without giving further detail. UNHCR is making every effort to treat\nbamboo for better durability. Poor _mulli_ bamboo quality was reported by three refugees, but no details provided. Three refugees mentioned that the rope was damaged after used for a few days. There were no\nreasons provided for low quality rating for WASH and Female Hygiene Kits.\n\n\n_15. On a scale of 1 \u2013 Very Poor; 2 \u2013 Poor; 3 \u2013 Average; 4 \u2013 Good and 5 \u2013 Very Good_\n\n\n1 0 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.8105835914611816, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.851989209651947, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.512671947479248, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7733278870582581, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9008580446243286, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Sufficiency of items\n\n\nFifty-nine percent of the surveyed refugees reported receiving sufficient quantities of items. The figures was an increase from 51% in the March PDM.\n\n\nSome 39% of respondents _(Chart 4)_ reported the\nquantity of CRH received was enough. Those who\ndisagreed stated that the quantities lasted only for\nabout two weeks due to their large family sizes. The\nFGDs confirmed the shortage of CRH had forced\nthe refugees to collect firewood in the forest. Some\nrefugees also reported selling relief items to meet\nthe household needs.\n\n\n\nPOST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n**Chart 4:** % of respondents reporting items received\nis sufficient\n\n**Compare to March**\n\n\n\nN/A\n\n\n41%\n\n\n35%\n\n\nN/A\n\n\n33%\n\n\n12%\n\n\n\nTie-Down Kit\n\n\nCore\nRelief Item\n\nWASH\nHygiene Kit\n\nFemale\nHygiene Kit\n\n\nShelter Kit\n\nCompressed\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFollowing are some key outcomes of the household survey and FGDs to help understand the challenges\nand various coping mechanism when relief items were not sufficient to meet the refugees\u2019 needs.\n\n\n - - About 23% of the surveyed refugees who stated they received WASH Hygiene Kits also received\nWASH Top-up Kits [16] in the last four months prior to the PDM exercise from different service providers.\n\n - - About 61% of refugees mentioned the CRH received was not sufficient. In the subsequent FGDs,\nrefugees reported the CRH only lasted for 7-15 days. In order to cover the shortfall, they collected\nfirewood in the forest or sold items to purchase cooking fuel in the market. This finding provides a\nrationale for UNHCR to prioritise distribution of LPG and cooking sets to refugee and destitute host\ncommunity households, which began in August 2018.\n\n - - Refugees requested more of the following CRIs: jerry can (62 responses out of 498), plastic sheets\n(51), bucket (30), kitchen sets (39), blanket (30), and sleeping mat (15). The refugees also reported\nlosing their kitchen sets, plastic sheets and sleeping mats during the monsoon rains.\n\n - - Most refugees reported that the following USK items were not enough for their big shelters: rope (95\nresponses), _borak_ bamboo (81), tarpaulins (77), and _mulli_ bamboo (38).\n\n - - In a similar manner, refugees also reported the following TDK items were not sufficient to fix a bigger\nshelter: wire (84 responses), iron pegs (40) and rope (100). In addition, a few refugees mentioned the\niron pegs were too short and some reported they did not receive what they were entitled to. Some\nrefugees reported buying additional rope from the market during the monsoon rains.\n\n - - On WASH Hygiene Kit, 155 refugees requested more laundry soap due to large family size, while 14\nasked for more jerry cans, eight asked for more disposable nappies and four for potty. A few refugees reported their buckets were damaged.\n\n - - Forty-seven refugees requested more 130-mg laundry soap, which is part of the Female Hygiene Kit.\nForty-three asked for more bath soap, 41 for bucket, 10 for antiseptic liquid, 17 for female underwear\nand 7 for reusable sanitary napkins because the current quantity did not meet the needs of a large\nfamily.\n\n\n_16. The composition of the WASH Hygiene Kit is agreed by the WASH Sector. A kit covers a family\u2019s hygiene needs for three months. A WASH Top-_\n_up Kit, containing consumable items such as soaps are distributed by other humanitarian actors, according to UNHCR- Bangladesh SOP for NFI_\n_distribution(2018)_\n_WASH Top-up Kit was distributed by Shelter and WASH Sectors partners with IOM funding._\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "March PDM", - "confidence": 0.8228715062141418, - "start": 26, - "end": 28 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.9144458770751953, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household survey", - "confidence": 0.5731835961341858, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5004215836524963, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.8265504240989685, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.8984202146530151, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9414162635803223, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CRIs", - "confidence": 0.8450496196746826, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6171801686286926, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9879457950592041, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nUsefulness of items\n\n\nAlmost 100% of surveyed refugees rated the items\nthey received as useful, with an overall score of 4.3\non a 5-point scale [17] as compared to the PDM exercise in March (4.2).\n\n\nCRH was rated as the most useful form of assistance out of the six NFI packages distributed, scoring 4.31 _(Chart 5)_, followed by TDK (4.29) and\nUSK (4.28).\n\n\n\n**Chart 5:** Score on usefulness of items\n\n\n\n**Compare to March**\n\n\n\nCompressed\nRice Husk\n\n\n\n\n\nTie-Down Kit\n\n\nShelter Kit\n\nCore\nRelief Item\n\nWASH\nHygiene Kit\n\n\n\n\n\nN/A\n\n\n0.05\n\n\n0.03\n\n\n0.12\n\n\nN/A\n\n\n\nFemale\nHygiene Kit\n\n\n\nIn the CRI package, solar lamp scored the highest (4.31) for their usefulness while bucket was the lowest with\n4.10 _(Chart 6)_ . Among the USK, tarpaulin was rated as the most useful (4.32) while tool kit was the least useful\n(4.20). One tool kit is distributed to five families each. Iron peg was the most useful item as part of the TDK,\nscoring the highest (4.34), while rope was the least useful (4.25). The third item, wire, received a score of 4.28.\n\n\n**Chart 6:** Score on usefulness of items\n\n\n\n**Core**\n**Relief Item**\n\n\n\n**Upgrade**\n**Shelter Kit**\n\n\n\n**Tie-Down**\n\n**Kit**\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n**Hygiene Kit**\n\n\n\n**Female**\n**Hygiene Kit**\n\n\n\nAmong the items distributed as part of a WASH Hygiene Kit, laundry soap was rated the most useful (4.38)\nand non-disposable sanitary cloth as the least (4.03). For the Female Hygiene Kit, bath soap, laundry soap\nand bucket were the most useful items (4.18) and reusable sanitary napkins was the least useful (4.13).\n\n\nQuantity of items received versus entitlement\n\n\nThe refugees were asked whether they received the quantity of NFIs as entitled. _Chart 7_ shows their responses are divided between those who received the correct amount of items according to UNHCR standard operating procedure for NFIs, and refugees who received more and less than their entitlements.\n\n\n_17. On a scale of 1 \u2013 Very Poor; 2 \u2013 Poor; 3 \u2013 Average; 4 \u2013 Good and 5 \u2013 Very Good_\n\n\n1 2 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9709125757217407, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Score on usefulness of items", - "confidence": 0.7429420948028564, - "start": 105, - "end": 110 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.587705135345459, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.9101296663284302, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n**Chart 7:** Quantity of items received versus entitlement\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn general, 77% of the refugees reported receiving the same quantity as per their entitlement. About 13% of\nrefugees stated they received more items than they were entitled for, and 10% reported receiving less items,\nparticularly for 16 out of 30 relief items provided in all standard NFI packages. The number is almost consistent with the first PDM exercise in March, in which refugees reported they received less quantity for 12 out of\n27 relief items distributed.\n\n\n_Chart 7_ also shows that a majority of the surveyed refugees (67%) reported receiving less rope than they are\nentitled to (60m rope/household) as part of the shelter TDK. Shelter TDK kits were distributed starting from\nApril as part of emergency preparedness to help secure refugee shelters and prevent them from being\nblown away by high winds, thus was not included in the March PDM. It was revealed during the FGDs that\nmost of those who complained about the insufficiency of ropes in the TDKs had made extensions to their\nshelters by themselves which made them bigger than the standard. These households resorted to purchasing additional ropes from the market to make up for the shortfalls.\n\nThe standard entitlement of rope in the USK is 30m/household. Unlike in the March PDM where as many as\n90% of households reported receiving less than their entitlements, all respondents this time around mentioned having received at least their entitlements, with 6% reporting that they received more than the standard. This significant shift can be attributed to the fact that following the findings of the March PDM, it was\nfound out that most households did not know how to properly use the contents of the USK, and this prompted UNHCR to provide technical support and further training on the use of ropes in the Shelter Kit and in\nsome cases distributing more as needed. Refugees reported receiving kitchen sets and solar lamps according to their entitlement or more (1% of the respondents). During the PDM in March, solar lamps were also\nfound to be distributed in correct quantity.\n\n\nFifty-one percent of refugees stated they received more soap than the standard quantity of five bars per\nfamily, as part of a WASH Hygiene Kit. This could be a result of respondents\u2019 confusion with the WASH Topup Kit, which also includes bathing soap bars. About 42% of the surveyed refugees stated they received\nmore 125-ml antiseptic liquid than the entitled four bottles per household.\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.957309365272522, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Quantity of items received versus entitlement", - "confidence": 0.7353677153587341, - "start": 14, - "end": 20 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.6091263294219971, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9651318192481995, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.5710176229476929, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9668743014335632, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.996817946434021, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9409794807434082, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nUse of items\n\n\nAbout 98% of the surveyed refugees reported using all NFI items received while only 2% stored the items,\n0.2% sold them and the rest was stolen or exchanged. The overall utility rate is similar to the PDM result in\nMarch.\n\n\nThe refugees reported storing most of the items for future use except for reusable sanitary napkins and female underwear. Items stored were blanket, sleeping mat, jerry can, potty for children, disposable nappies,\nnon-disposable sanitary cloths and antiseptic liquid as reported by 6-7% of the surveyed refugees. About 5%\nof refugees stated they stored their WASH Hygiene Kits _(Table 1)_ and 3% stored the Core Relief Items.\n\n\n**Table 1:** % of respondents reporting on actual use of items received\n\n|Item Type|Used|Kept/Stored|Sold|Gifted|Stolen|Exchanged|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Compressed Rice Husk
Core Relief Item
Shelter Kit
WASH Hygiene Kit
Tie-Down Kit
Female Hygiene Kit|99.68%
95.95%
98.91%
94.69%
98.95%
97.62%|0.09%
2.98%
1.29%
5.19%
0.91%
2.23%|0.18%
0.86%
0.03%
0.12%
0.03%
0.00%|0.00%
0.06%
0.09%
0.00%
0.00%
0.07%|0.05%
0.06%
0.16%
0.00%
0.11%
0.07%|0.00%
0.09%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%|\n\n\n\nThe most sold items were jerry cans, kitchen sets, solar lamps and blankets. They were reportedly sold to\nearn money to buy food. Refugees also reported selling the NFIs at a price that varied among and within\nitems. A jerry can was sold between BDT25-250; a kitchen set between BDT400-3,000; a solar lamp between BDT42-700; a blanket between BDT200-1,000; and a plastic sheet was sold between BDT100-650.\nThe sale prices are far below the purchase prices, which further confirms the necessities for cash-based\nintervention for selected relief assistance.\n\n\nThe refugees stated they sold items to buy food to diversify their diets, such as cereals, meat, milk, vegetable and oil. The refugees did not report sale of NFIs to pay for healthcare services, which was reported by\n21% of refugees in the PDM exercise in March. The sale of NFIs was also reported in March to buy food and\nclothing.\n\n\nUNHCR commissioned a multi-sectoral needs assessment later this year which should provide a better understanding of the refugee\u2019s expenditure pattern. UNHCR has also started a market assessment to look into\nthe impact of relief items being sold to the market.\n\n\nAs part of the technical guidance, [18] UNHCR also provides technical support to USK recipients. About 12% of\nthe surveyed refugees reported request for support, with over 90% of the refugees receiving support to\nbuild their shelters.\n\n\n_18. Shelter/NFI Sector Upgrade Shelter Kit (USK) Technical Guidance Version 2.0. 16 December 2017. https://bit.ly/2lXTxH8_\n\n\n1 4 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9898673295974731, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.7002086639404297, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.9169763922691345, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multi-sectoral needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9125463366508484, - "start": 653, - "end": 656 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8714748620986938, - "start": 650, - "end": 651 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9189476370811462, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "market assessment", - "confidence": 0.5727888941764832, - "start": 678, - "end": 680 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9280386567115784, - "start": 650, - "end": 651 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8380175828933716, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nOnly 17% of the surveyed refugees received Post-Disaster Kit (PDK) which is provided to a refugee family\naffected by the monsoon rains. Among the respondents who received PDKs, about 23% reported using the\nkit to repair their shelters which were damaged during the heavy rains, 57% received the kit when they\nrelocated from their original location and 20% mentioned other reasons without elaborating. More than 97%\nof refugees who received PDK stated that the kits were very useful particularly during the monsoon season.\n\n\nDistribution method\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s NFI distribution process relies on registration of eligible refugees and their families through their\nFamily Counting Number (FCN) card, which was given after attending the family counting exercise. Once registered, each refugee family obtains a Ration Card. UNHCR produces master beneficiary lists based on the\nfamily counting data as the NFI distribution uses a blanket approach for all items. Prior to the distribution day,\npartner agencies provide refugees in the targeted area with appointment slips/tokens. On distribution day, the\nrefugees hand over the token to the distribution desk and their eligibility is checked against the master beneficiary list. Households or individuals who cannot be verified will be directed to the help desk for information\nand advice. Persons with specific needs are prioritised. The field distribution staff from UNHCR and partner\nagencies use Kobo Toolbox application to ensure the correct family receive their entitlements as well as to\nidentify gaps and avoid duplication which enable partners to deliver relief assistance efficiently.\n\n\nIn this PDM exercise, the refugees gave a better score (an average of 4.0 points) for the organisation of distribution as compared to the March PDM where they scored it 3.8 points. The distribution of WASH Hygiene Kit,\nTDK and USK is rated better than other items _(Chart 8)_ . CRH distribution is rated the least satisfactory, with a\nscore of 3.88 on a 5-point scale. Besides covering only 30% of the need, the less satisfaction on CRH could\nalso been partly explained by the amount of feedback from refugees during the monthly distribution, as compared to other relief items which have been distributed one time, except for WASH Top-up Kit (every six month).\n\n\n\n**Chart 8:** Score on satisfaction of items\n\n\n\nWASH\nHygiene Kit\n\n\nTie-Down Kit\n\n\nShelter Kit\n\n\nCore\nRelief Item\n\n\nFemale\nHygiene Kit\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Chart 9:** % of respondents rating on satisfaction\n\n\nSatisfied Very Satisfied Average Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very\n\n\n0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\nWASH\nHygiene Kit\n\n\nTie-Down Kit\n\n\nShelter Kit\n\n\nCore Relief\nItem\n\nFemale\nHygiene Kit\n\nCompressed\n\nRice Husk\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCompressed\n\n\n\nAlmost 99% _(Chart 9)_ of the surveyed refugees rated the distribution process as average or above average. This\nfinding has improved significantly from the first PDM, which may be attributed to three new distribution centres [19]\nupgrated by UNHCR and its partners as well as considerable efforts made in each round of distribution to improve modalities from information to logistics to litigation arrangements. Those who were not satisfied cited\nlong waiting time, travel distance and limited distribution points where they could collect their entitlements.\n\n\n_19. In the timeframe of the September PDM, UNHCR did upgraded Transit centre, Chakmarkul and Nayapara NFI distribution centres._\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9536494016647339, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8446753621101379, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "targeted area", - "confidence": 0.5195026397705078, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.6348085403442383, - "start": 12, - "end": 14 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "master beneficiary lists", - "confidence": 0.8979572653770447, - "start": 152, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6463432312011719, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9147127866744995, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "targeted area", - "confidence": 0.6922765970230103, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5499535799026489, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "March PDM", - "confidence": 0.768023669719696, - "start": 312, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8329983353614807, - "start": 391, - "end": 392 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nMore than 79% of the surveyed refugees stated that the distribution point was far from their shelters which\nforced them to travel from 15 minutes to one hour _(Table 2)_ . Though about 87% of the surveyed refugees\nlived within less than one hour of walking distance from distribution points, which is within UNHCR standard\nof a maximum 4 hours walking distance to distribution points [20], their journey is often challenging as they\nhave to carry heavy loads through the hilly topography in refugee settlements, compounded with poor road\naccess, and unfavourable weather conditions.\n\n\n**Table 2:** % of respondents reporting approximate time it took to reach the distribution site\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Rohingya refugees are receiving Compressed Rice Husks in Kutupalong camp. \u00a9 UNHCR/Andrew McConnell_\n\n\n_20. UNHCR Emergency Handbook. Commodity distribution (NFIs, food). https://bit.ly/2NfsjaO_\n\n\n1 6 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.989173173904419, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee settlements", - "confidence": 0.810966968536377, - "start": 100, - "end": 102 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.6039952635765076, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.8360576629638672, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n_UNHCR is delivering WASH Hygiene Kits in Kutupalong camp, Bangladesh. \u00a9 UNHCR/Roger Arnold_\n\n\nAs part of the protection measure, UNHCR works with partners to address these concerns, including improving the waiting time and safety of refugees at distribution points. The PDM survey found that the average\nwaiting time has been reduced to 90 minutes (1.5 hours) from 108 minutes (1.8 hours) reported in March\nPDM. Averaging waiting time is often misleading as initial distributions took place under very difficult circum\nstances which improved considerably over time.\n\n\nLess than 1% of refugees reported paying a range of amount from BDT20 to 400 to be on the distribution\nlist. While the majority of refugees did not provide further information during the household surveys, the\nFGDs in three refugee settlements, however, mentioned payment to _majhi_ and staff involved during the\ndistribution.\n\n\nThere were very few refugees (one to two individuals) who reported paying BDT60 during the CRH and\nWASH Hygiene Kit distribution. No payment was reported during other items distribution. The respondents\ndid not disclose the recipients of their payment during the NFI distribution.\n\n\nRefugees reported paying between BDT5-1,000 to collect and transport their relief items to and from distribution points. About 27% mentioned they paid for collection and transportation of CRH and 21% for CRI, 20%\nfor USK and 21% for TDK, 19% for WASH Hygiene Kit, and 11% for Female Hygiene Kit.\n\n\nThe surveyed refugees did not respond when asked to whom they paid the money. However, they cited\nreasons that include distance, including 74% of 601 refugees reported distance as reason for paying to\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.9514255523681641, - "start": 54, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8068179488182068, - "start": 55, - "end": 56 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9786210060119629, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\n_UNHCR and partners undertaking Upgraded Shelter Kits distribution \u00a9 UNHCR/Hector Perez_\n\n\ntransport CRH, 72% of 129 refugees for CRI, 65% of 159 refugees for USK and 80% of 89 refugees for WASH\nHygiene Kit. The other reason was heavy load they had to carry back to their shelters, including 22% reported for Shelter Kit load, 12% for CRI, 8% for CRH and 8% for WASH Hygiene Kits. Other reasons for payment were challenges associated with being single-headed households (average 8% for all items) and mobility issues, as reported by 10% refugees for CRH, 4% for CRI, 7% for USK and 4% for WASH Hygiene Kits.\nUNHCR continues to improve the NFI distribution services to refugees, including by ensuring that they receive information on distribution and entitlement in timely fashion. More than half (53%) of the surveyed\nrefugees stated they were informed on the entitlements prior to distribution as compared to 38% in March.\nHowever, 30% refugees stated they received information on the WASH Hygiene Kit, including their entitlements, before and during distribution.\n\n\nLess than 23% of refugees reported obtaining information on their entitlements at the same time they\nreceived the relief items.\n\n\nThe majority of refugees identified _mahjis_ as the main source of information, followed by UN/NGO staff. In\nthe FGDs, refugees mentioned the various communication channels used including the mosque loudspeakers and visits to shelters by volunteers.\n\n\n1 8 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9015557169914246, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "information on distribution and entitlement", - "confidence": 0.8253016471862793, - "start": 156, - "end": 161 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5156317353248596, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9725085496902466, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nChallenges before and after NFI distribution\n\n\nAn average 1% of the surveyed refugees reported challenges during and after distribution. More refugees\nmentioned challenges they faced during distribution such as long waiting time and the location of distribution points that was too far from their shelters. A few respondents also reported that volunteers at distribution points were unfriendly, the loss of ration cards, and _majhis_ asking for money. Challenges after attending\ndistribution included poor road condition, heavy load and long distance to and from distribution points\nwhich increase travel time. During the FGDs, refugees also mentioned the lack of gender-segregated waiting lines and volunteers\u2019 behaviour. By now, UNHCR has implemented queuing lines for men, women and\npeople with specific needs such as pregnant women and the elderly in all his NFI distribution centres. UNHCR plans to apply similar measure for all shelter distribution centres.\n\n\nDespite the challenges, only a few refugees filed complaints using the means available to them such as\nthrough Information Points set up by UNHCR and partner agencies, directly approaching the helpdesk at\ndistribution points and speaking with UN/NGO staff. About 1% of refugees complained about problems during CRI distribution, another 3% about USK and 3% about CRH distribution.\n\n\nNo response was provided when asked about complaints related to distribution of WASH Hygiene Kit and\nFemale Hygiene Kit. There was no complaint made directly to _majhi_ .\n\n\nMany refugees from various settlements expressed their appreciation to UNHCR and partners and commended the organisation of NFI distribution during the FGDs. The refugees also requested LPG for cooking\nfuel, in addition to an increase in quantity of various NFIs.\n\n\nPreferred items\n\n\nOut of the six NFI packages, the majority of refugees selected Core Relief Items (kitchen set and jerry can)\nand USK (bamboo and tarpaulin) as their highly preferred items.\n\n\nThe FGDs found that preferred items varied across settlements in line with the needs. Kitchen set including\ncooking gas, solar light, sleeping mats, cloths, tarpaulin, and bamboo, was among the most preferred items\nas an addition to the kits distributed to refugees.\n\n\n\nAbout half of the surveyed refugees (56%) stated their preference for a combination of in-kind and cash assistance, regardless the type of items _(Chart 10)_ . The\n\n**Chart 10:** % of respondents reporting on preferred\n\nvalue has increased from March when 39% refugees\n\nitems\n\nreported preference for a mixed in-kind and cash\n\n**Compare to March**\n\nsupport.\n\n\n\n**Chart 10:** % of respondents reporting on preferred\nitems\n\n\n\n**Compare to March**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis was followed by cash assistance, preferred by\n24% of respondents, and in-kind support only, preferred by 14%. Their preference values were also\nrelatively lower than those reported in March PDM,\nin which 29% of refugees preferred in-kind while\n28% preferred cash assistance.\n\n\n\n4%\n\n\n15%\n\n\n2%\n\n\n\nCash\n\n\nNFI\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING", - "confidence": 0.9885451197624207, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018", - "confidence": 0.8330207467079163, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "surveyed refugees", - "confidence": 0.562457263469696, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n### Recommendation and way forward\n\n\nThe second PDM exercise found that the NFI packages distributed by UNHCR and partners met the household needs and minimum quality standard for NFIs as approved by the Shelter/NFI Sector in Cox\u2019s Bazar.\nThe overall satisfaction score has also improved from the previous PDM survey in March.\n\n\nOver a span of 12 months after the start of the refugee influx, UNHCR and its humanitarian partners have\nmade significant improvement in NFI distribution. These include reducing the average waiting time at distribution points from 108 minutes (1.8 hours) as recorded in March PDM to 90 minutes (1.5 hours) in August;\nensuring that refugees receive sufficient information on distribution and entitlement through strengthened\ncamp governance system; setting up separate queuing lines at distribution points according to gender and\nvulnerability criteria; offering free porter service at distribution points; and ensuring that complaint and feedback mechanism is in place and functional. UNHCR also works to obtain better quality material for sleeping\nmats and other items and increases the quantity of CRH per family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n2 0 UNHCR / September, 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDM survey", - "confidence": 0.9077739119529724, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7411909103393555, - "start": 63, - "end": 64 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.8784822821617126, - "start": 47, - "end": 51 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7818043828010559, - "start": 132, - "end": 133 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "POST DISTRIBUTION MONITORING \u2013 SEPTEMBER \u2013 2018\n\n\nWorking in partnership\n\n\nUNHCR co-chairs a Strategic Executive Group (SEG) in Bangladesh with the UN Resident Coordinator and IOM. The\nRefugee Agency leads on the protection response for all refugees, and heads a Protection Working Group in Cox\u2019s\nBazar. UNHCR welcomes its valuable partnerships with a number of UN agencies and coordinates the delivery of its\nassistance with humanitarian partners through a number of working groups under the Inter-Sector Coordination Group\n(ISCG). UNHCR\u2019s main government counterpart is the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and its Cox\u2019s Bazarbased Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC). UNHCR staff work closely with the Camp-in-Charge officials in different refugee settlements, as well as a range of international and national actors. UNHCR also has a strong\nnetwork of 28 partners, including:\n\n\n**ACF** (Action Contre la Faim) **| ACTED** (Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development) **|** ADRA (Adventist Development and Relief Agency) **| BDRCS** (Bangladesh Red Crescent Society) **| BNWLA** (Bangladesh National Women Lawyers\nAssociation) **| BRAC** (Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee) **| CARITAS BANGLADESH | CODEC** (Community Development Centre) **| CSI** (Center for Social Integrity) **| DRC** (Danish Refugee Council) **| FH** (Food For the Hungry) **|**\n**GK** (Gonoshasthaya Kendra) **| HELVETAS** Swiss Intercooperation **| HI** (Handicap International) **| IUCN** (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) **| IRC** (International Rescue Committee) **| MTI** (Medical Teams International) **| NGOF** (NGO Forum) **| OXFAM | PIN** (People in Need) **| PUI** (Premi\u00e8re Urgence Internationale) **| REACH | RI**\n(Relief International) **| RTMI** (Research Training and Management International) **| SCI** (Save the Children) **| SI** (Solidarit\u00e9s\nInternational) **| TAI** (Technical Assistance Incorporated) **| TDH** (Terre Des Hommes Foundation)\n\n\nUNHCR would also like to acknowledge the crucial role played by the refugees in the response; with **over 6,500 volun-**\n**teers from the refugee community** who are **often the first responders on the ground** . UNHCR and the partners have\ntrained and worked with **safety unit volunteers (SUVs)** who support the emergency response, **community outreach**\n**members** who support raising awareness on important issues and in addressing protection risks, **community health**\n**workers** who assist with outreach for health and nutrition, and others who provide further critical support to the emergency response.\n\n\nDonor support\n\n\nThe Government and the people of Bangladesh have shown extraordinary generosity in responding to the crisis. However,\nmore support and solidarity is required from the international community to assist the ongoing humanitarian response. Continued political efforts to work towards a solution to the situation remains vital. UNHCR is appealing for USD 238.8m (as part\nof its Supplementary Appeal for 2018) in order to respond to the needs of hundreds of thousands of refugees.\n\n\nUNHCR Bangladesh is grateful for the generous contributions of donors who have provided unrestricted and broadly earmarked funds, as well as to donors who have contributed directly to the Operation in 2017 and 2018:\n\n\n_With thanks to the many private donations from individuals, foundations, and companies such as the Arab Gulf Fund,_\n_Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, International Islamic Relief Organization, Kuwait Finance House, OPEC Fund for Inter-_\n_national Development, Prosolidar-Onlus Foundation, Qatar Charity, Rahmatan Lil Alamin Foundation, The Big Heart Foun-_\n_dation, The Church of Latter-Day Saints, and UPS Corporate. Special thanks also to CERF._\n\n\nContact\n\n\n**Ivy Susanti**, Reporting Officer, UNHCR Bangladesh, susanti@unhcr.org; **Mai Hosoi**, External Relations Officer,\nUNHCR Bangladesh, hosoi@unhcr.org; **Information Management**, bgdcoim@unhcr.org\n\n\n**LINKS:** [UNHCR data portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar_refugees) - [UNHCR operation page \u2013](http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/2539) [Facebook \u2013](https://www.facebook.com/UNHCR-in-Bangladesh-242312609525373/) [Twitter \u2013](https://twitter.com/unhcr_bgd?lang=fr) [Latest stories \u2013](http://www.unhcr.org/rohingya-emergency.html) [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/unhcr_bgd/)\n\n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Post Distribution Monitoring**\n##### **SHELTER AND** **NON-FOOD ITEMS** **BANGLADESH** **REFUGEE** **SITUATION**\n\n**SEPTEMBER 2018**\n\n\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nUNHCR, Sub-Office Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7fd338f7-91b9-3504-8850-9a9127898e2e/document.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_796/raw/doc_796_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_796/raw/doc_796_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5c9adbbb8405723b178c2fbd00faaf44331d280d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_796/raw/doc_796_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43069bf5-160d-315a-93e3-481307d5392e/east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_report_-_18-20_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "distributed in half rations; any food on the\nblack market is sold at exorbitant prices. Aside\nfrom the expense, movement restrictions\nprevent the securing of basic household needs;\n37% (similar to 38% in late October) of\nrespondents noted that more people were\nstaying inside in order to cope with the\nphysical threat. Lack of food has also led to\nincreased physical and psychological fatigue\namong the population. In addition, the looting\nof relief warehouses was noted as a function\nof people\u2019s dire hunger and poverty.\n\n\n- **Lack of safe exit routes:** The interviewees\nwere unanimous (100%) in their belief that\nthere are no safe exit routes from the city.\nThey explained the conditions of the\nbesiegement, with attacks from all sides and\nfrom the air, the direct targeting of roads by\nsnipers and bombing, the closing of any\nhumanitarian crossing points or corridors,\nand continuous fear for their lives. This\nanswer differs from late October, when 90%\nof respondents believed that there were no\nsafe routes, 2% believed there were, and the\nremaining 8% did not know.\n\n\n- **Movement intentions: I** f there were safe and\nsecure routes for civilians to leave East\nAleppo city, 68% of respondents said that\npeople would leave the city, an increase from\n40% in the October sample. In this latest\nsample, 19% of respondents said that people\nwould stay in East Aleppo, while in late\nOctober 44% of respondents said that people\nwould stay.\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n- **DETAILED FINDINGS**\n\n\n - **Physical threats:** 88% of respondents noted\nthe prevalence of physical threats, including\naerial bombardment. 83% cited that men\nwere affected, followed by women (73%), girls\n(71%), and boys (66%).\n\n\n - **Other protection risks:** Forced displacement\nwithin the city (66%) and child labour (57%)\ncontinued to be prevalent, while the incidence\nof tensions between host and displaced\ncommunity was cited by 36% of respondents,\ndomestic violence by 31%, intercommunal\ndisputes by 19%, kidnapping by 19%, and\nsexual violence by 13% of respondents. In\nadditional comments, interviewees noted the\nprevalence of hunger, the need for heating\n\n\n\nwith the advent of winter, and an increase in\nbegging, theft, and looting due to hunger.\n\n- **Movement restrictions:** 88% of respondents\nnoted the restriction of movement due to\nphysical threats including aerial bombardment,\nwhile only 14% or less stated other reasons,\nsuch as general violence, explosive hazards, or\nfighting of armed groups. Respondents noted\nintensified bombing of residential areas and\nareas crowded with civilians, and stated that\nthis fear kept people inside most of the time.\nChildren\u2019s school was also suspended due to\nthe physical threat. Additional reasons for\nmovement restrictions included lack of\ntransport and lack of fuel for transport.\nRespondents noted that they could not fetch\ndaily necessities for fear of random bombing,\nthat life was paralyzed, and that they faced\nincreased psychological pressure due to the\nbombardment.\n\n\n- **Lack of basic means of survival:** The\nbesiegement and lack of humanitarian access\nhas made it extremely difficult for individuals\nand families to secure food and basic goods for\ntheir families. The last food baskets were\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "October sample", - "confidence": 0.8483171463012695, - "start": 255, - "end": 257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East\nAleppo city", - "confidence": 0.9189597368240356, - "start": 232, - "end": 235 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5846689343452454, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43069bf5-160d-315a-93e3-481307d5392e/east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_report_-_18-20_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **Reasons for staying:** Reasons that people\nwould stay in East Aleppo, even in case of safe\nexit route, included fear that they would not\nbe able to return to their homes (50%), the\nhigh expense of moving to a different location\n(38%), the lack of a safe place to go (25%), the\nneed to protect their property/real estate\n(25%), and the need to stay with family\nmembers (25%).\n\n\n- **Displacement within East Aleppo city:** Forced\ndisplacement continues within East Aleppo city\nas people seek refuge from violent\nbombardment and destroyed homes. 47% of\nrespondents noted the departure of civilians\nfrom their neighborhood, while 20% noted the\narrival of civilians to their neighborhood.\n\n\n- **The situation for children:** The physical threat\nof aerial bombardment has caused the\nsuspension of children\u2019s school. 50% of\nrespondents noted an increase during the last\nthree weeks of children dropping out of\nschool. Child labour is a prevalent issue in East\nAleppo city with 48% noting that it affects\nboys, 25% that it affects girls, and 35% noting\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\n- **Reason for choice of intended destination:**\n93% of respondents said that in case people\ncould exit, they would base their choice of\ndestination on where they could have physical\nsafety. 38% noted the importance of accessing\nassistance and 38% noted that the choice\nwould depend on where they had friends and\nrelatives.\n\n\n.\n\n\n- **Intended destinations in case of safe exit:**\nAmong those who indicated people would\nleave, 53% of 57 respondents said that people\nwould go to another governorate, particularly\n\n\n\nIdleb, with a few mentioning Turkey. 40%\nindicated another location within Aleppo\ngovernorate, particularly the western\ncountryside. 2% indicated another safe place\nin the city. Many people cited simply \u201cany safe\nplace\u201d without specifying a particular location.\n\n\nWith regards to government or nongovernment control, 63% of 57 respondents\nsaid that people would go to non-government\ncontrolled areas, while 26% said that people\nwould go to either government- or nongovernment controlled areas. 9% did not know\nand 2% did not answer.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43069bf5-160d-315a-93e3-481307d5392e/east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_report_-_18-20_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "child labour during school hours. 42% of\nrespondents noted that children were seeing\nbegging, 16% noted that they were engaged or\nrecruited by armed forces, 12% noted that\nthey were engaged in illicit activities, 10% in\nscavenging and 4% in smuggling. It was also\nnoted that children carry water for their\nfamilies.\n\n- **Gender-based violence:** Among protection\nrisks, domestic violence was noted by 20% of\nrespondents to affect women, 13% to affect\nboys, 12% to affect men, 10% to affect girls,\nand overall by 31% of respondents to affect\nany of the above groups. Sexual violence was\nnoted by 6% of respondents to be prevalent\nagainst girls, by 5% to be prevalent against\nmen, by 5% to be prevalent against women,\nand by 13% to be prevalent against any of the\nabove groups. 6% noted the restriction of\nmovement of women and girls as a coping\nmechanism, and 1% noted the use of early\nmarriage as a coping mechanism.\n\n\n- **Security of humanitarian workers:** To the\nextent that the bombing is random and\nindiscriminate, the humanitarian workers\nreported that they are subject to the same\nphysical threat of bombardment as the rest of\nthe population. Some are living in buildings\nthat have been directly bombarded from the\nair, and casualties have not spared\nhumanitarian workers and their families. As\nthey move from their homes or to the\nworkplace or visit targeted areas more often,\nthey are subject to a greater threat.\n\n\n- **Respondents\u2019** **additional** **comments:**\nRespondents reiterated the physical threat of\n\n\n\naerial bombardment and the extreme scarcity\nand expense of food, with very little sources\nfor livelihoods. They reiterated the lack of\nfood; water, including drinking water,\nelectricity, fuel, and medical services. In\naddition they mentioned the fear of the\npopulation and the psychological pressure that\nthey are facing.\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43069bf5-160d-315a-93e3-481307d5392e/east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_report_-_18-20_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_797/raw/doc_797_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_797/raw/doc_797_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dcdcbe41404bbe712e4760222b4c24e773ce881f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_797/raw/doc_797_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Annexe 1 \u2013 Engagements juridiques internationaux et** **nationaux relatifs \u00e0 la protection au Mali**\n\nLe Mali a ratifi\u00e9 la majorit\u00e9 des instruments juridiques (trait\u00e9s, conventions\u2026) r\u00e9gionaux, sous\nr\u00e9gionaux et internationaux relatifs aux droits humains. En outre, la Constitution de f\u00e9vrier\n1992 r\u00e9affirme, dans son pr\u00e9ambule, son attachement aux droits humains en \u00e9dictant que l\u2019\u00c9tat\nsouscrit \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration Universelle des Droits de l\u2019Homme du 10 d\u00e9cembre 1948 et \u00e0 la Charte\nAfricaine des Droits de l\u2019Homme et des Peuples du 27 juin 1981.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Droit international humanitaire|Date de ratification
du Mali|\n|---|---|\n|Convention (I) de Gen\u00e8ve pour l'am\u00e9lioration du sort des bless\u00e9s et des
malades dans les forces arm\u00e9es en campagne|12 ao\u00fbt 1949|\n|Convention (II) de Gen\u00e8ve pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du sort des bless\u00e9s, des
malades et des naufrag\u00e9s des forces arm\u00e9es sur mer|12 ao\u00fbt 1949|\n|Convention (III) de Gen\u00e8ve relative au traitement des prisonniers de guerre
et leurs commentaires|12 ao\u00fbt 1949|\n|Convention (IV) de Gen\u00e8ve relative \u00e0 la protection des personnes civiles en
temps de guerre compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par 2 protocoles additionnels (1977) relatifs \u00e0
la protection des victimes des conflits arm\u00e9s internationaux et \u00e0 la protection
des victimes de conflits arm\u00e9s non internationaux|12 ao\u00fbt 1949|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Droit international des droits de l\u2019homme|Date de ratification
du Mali|\n|---|---|\n|DUDH \u2013 D\u00e9claration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme|10 d\u00e9cembre 1948|\n|CADHP \u2013 Charte Africaine des Droits de l\u2019Homme et des Peuples|21 d\u00e9cembre 1981|\n|CAT \u2013 Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels,
inhumains ou d\u00e9gradants|26 f\u00e9vrier 1999|\n|CAT-OP \u2013 Protocole facultatif \u00e0 la Convention contre la torture et autres
peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou d\u00e9gradants|12 mai 2005|\n|CCPR \u2013 Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques|16 juillet 1974|\n|CED \u2013 Convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes
contre les disparitions forc\u00e9es|01 juillet 2009|\n|CEDAW \u2013 Convention sur l'\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de
discrimination \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des femmes|10 septembre 1985|\n|Protocole \u00e0 la Charte africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples relatif
aux droits des femmes en Afrique (Protocole de Maputo)|11 juillet 2003|\n|CERD \u2013 Convention internationale sur l'\u00e9limination de toutes les formes de
discrimination raciale|16 juillet 1974|\n|CESCR \u2013 Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et
culturels|16 juillet 1974|\n|CRC \u2013 Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant|20 septembre 1990|\n|CRC-OP-AC \u2013 Protocole facultatif \u00e0 la Convention relative aux droits de
l'enfant, concernant l'implication d'enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s|16 mai 2002|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8dff1c6f-c524-3381-8bef-2ad1bb027d79/engagements_juridiques_internationaux_et_nationaux_relatifs_a_la_protection_au_mali.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|CRC-OP-SC \u2013 Protocole facultatif \u00e0 la Convention relative aux droits de
l'enfant, concernant la vente d'enfants, la prostitution des enfants et la
pornographie mettant en sc\u00e8ne des enfants|16 mai 2002|\n|---|---|\n|CRPD \u2013 Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicap\u00e9es|13 d\u00e9cembre 2006|\n|
**Droit international des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et li\u00e9 au d\u00e9placement interne**
|**Date de ratification**
**du Mali**|\n|Convention 1951 du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) pour la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le monde et les
obligations juridiques des \u00c9tats pour assurer leur protection|22 avril 1954|\n|Convention de l'OUA r\u00e9gissant les aspects propres aux probl\u00e8mes des
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Afrique|10 septembre 1969|\n|Convention de l\u2019Union Africaine sur la protection et l\u2019assistance aux
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en Afrique (Convention de Kampala)|22 octobre 2009|\n|Principes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur
propre pays|11 f\u00e9vrier 1998|\n|Les principes des Nations Unies sur le logement et la restitution des biens
pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (Principes de Pinheiro)|11 ao\u00fbt 2005|\n|La Loi-mod\u00e8le de l\u2019OUA pour la protection des droits des communaut\u00e9s
locales, des agriculteurs et des s\u00e9lectionneurs et la r\u00e9glementation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s
aux ressources biologiques|juillet 2001|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Droit national|Date de ratification
du Mali|\n|---|---|\n|Constitution de la R\u00e9publique du Mali|5 janvier 1992|\n|Loi n\u00b0 98-040 du 20 juillet 1998 portant Statut des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|20 juillet 1998|\n|Loi n\u00b0 87-48/AN-RM relative aux R\u00e9quisitions de Personnes, de Services et
de Biens|14 juillet 1987|\n|Loi n\u00b0 04-058 du 25 novembre 2004 relative aux Conditions d\u2019Entr\u00e9e, de
S\u00e9jour et d\u2019\u00c9tablissement des \u00c9trangers en R\u00e9publique du Mali|25 novembre 2004|\n|Loi n\u00b0 99-041 du 12 ao\u00fbt 1999 portant Code de Pr\u00e9voyance Sociale|12 ao\u00fbt 1999|\n|Ordonnance n\u00b000-027 du 22 mars 2000 portant Code domanial et foncier|22 mars 2000|\n|Loi n\u00b0 11 \u2013 080/AN-RM Code des personnes et de la famille|2 d\u00e9cembre 2011|\n|Loi n\u00b0 2015-052/ du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2015 instituant des mesures pour
promouvoir le genre dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux fonctions nominatives et \u00e9lectives|18 d\u00e9cembre 2015|\n|Loi sur les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre|En cours|\n|Code de protection des enfants|Endoss\u00e9|\n|Loi d\u2019orientation et de r\u00e9forme judiciaire|En cours|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8dff1c6f-c524-3381-8bef-2ad1bb027d79/engagements_juridiques_internationaux_et_nationaux_relatifs_a_la_protection_au_mali.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_798/raw/doc_798_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_798/raw/doc_798_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 666f7c39763bff4638efdd60644c7d146a3ff972..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_798/raw/doc_798_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **_RESUME DU RAPPORT FINAL_**\n\n_**Novembre 2020**_\n\n\n**1 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd9660de-5fc7-3ec1-9f94-65a8fb06f705/etude_cadrage_ltprn_mali_rapport_final_mali_resume_version_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude de cadrage Logement, Terres, Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et Ressources Naturelles (LTPRN),\ncommandit\u00e9e par NRC s\u2019est investie \u00e0 cerner les m\u00e9canismes et les instruments juridiques de la\ngouvernance fonci\u00e8re au Mali et d\u2019analyser les interactions, en termes de contraintes op\u00e9rationnelles sur\nle terrain humanitaire et du d\u00e9veloppement. La finalit\u00e9 \u00e9tant de formuler des recommandations\npertinentes, adapt\u00e9es au contexte, et en mesure de contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure coordination entre les\nacteurs sur le terrain. Ainsi, au terme de cette analyse, nous avons retenu ce qui suit :\n\n- Un cadre juridique international, r\u00e9gional et national, relatif \u00e0 la th\u00e9matique \u00e9tudi\u00e9e existe.\nCependant, l\u2019application des diff\u00e9rentes dispositions sur le terrain, notamment celles du cadre\njuridique national, suscite parfois des conflits entre acteurs. Cela a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 motiver la relecture du\nCode Domanial et Foncier (CDF) dont le processus est en cours de finalisation. Les OSC ne sont pas en\nmarge de ce processus car elles initient bien souvent des actions de plaidoyer pour une meilleure\nprise en compte des besoins les plus urgents et pertinents.\n\n- Aussi, la question de la femme, encore victime des rapports de genre in\u00e9galitaires et d\u00e9favorables,\ndemeure une pr\u00e9occupation centrale qui requiert une attention particuli\u00e8re de toute la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire et des autres partenaires (Etat, OSC, bureau d\u2019\u00e9tudes, etc.).\n\n- Au-del\u00e0 de tout cela, le principal d\u00e9fi \u00e0 tous les niveaux demeure la question s\u00e9curitaire. Elle est \u00e0\nl\u2019origine du d\u00e9placement des populations, les exposant \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au Logement,\n\u00e0 la Terre, \u00e0 la Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et aux Ressources Naturelles, y compris lorsqu\u2019elles retournent sur leurs lieux\nde d\u00e9parts.\nD\u2019autres d\u00e9fis, dans le sens de la promotion de solutions durables, existent. Il s\u2019agit entre autres de la\nfaible politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et de la faible cartographie des sites des PDI. Or il s\u2019agit l\u00e0\nde facteurs importants de planification locale qui favorisent la prise en compte des besoins des PDI en\nmati\u00e8re de LTPRN. A cela s\u2019ajoute la faible harmonisation sur la compr\u00e9hension des textes qui r\u00e9gissent\nla gestion du foncier et enfin, l\u2019absence d\u2019instruments de r\u00e9solution des conflits, en l\u2019occurrence les COFO\nqui sont absentes dans beaucoup de localit\u00e9s ; et aussi, la non harmonisation des m\u00e9canismes de\nr\u00e9solution des conflits au niveau national.\n_**Recommandations**_\n\n\uf0e8 _**A l\u2019intention des humanitaires et agents de d\u00e9veloppement**_\n\n- Pour une gestion harmonieuse et durable du foncier au Mali, il faut poursuivre les actions de plaidoyer\ndans le cadre de la relecture du Code Domanial et Foncier (CDF), afin de mieux garantir la prise en\ncompte des pr\u00e9occupations les plus urgentes et utiles dans les r\u00e9formes politiques et dans les\ninterventions.\n\n- Maintenir et renforcer la synergie entre humanitaires et cadres nationaux de plaidoyer et de gestion\ndans le processus de r\u00e9flexion en mati\u00e8re de foncier agricole.\n\n- Rendre syst\u00e9matique les analyses sensibles aux conflits et au genre dans toutes les interventions,\nquelle que soit la th\u00e9matique. Cette d\u00e9marche devrait permettre d\u2019avoir une compr\u00e9hension pr\u00e9cise\nde chaque contexte sp\u00e9cifique et assurer la durabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats.\n\n- Au vu de l\u2019importance de la probl\u00e9matique, il est opportun pour le cluster protection de faire des\nplaidoyers pour le financement de projets sp\u00e9cifiques aux LTPRN.\n\n\n**2 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd9660de-5fc7-3ec1-9f94-65a8fb06f705/etude_cadrage_ltprn_mali_rapport_final_mali_resume_version_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Renforcer la synergie autour des acteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en gestion et pr\u00e9vention des conflits. Des\ninitiatives pertinentes existent et m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre exp\u00e9riment\u00e9es dans plusieurs contextes du pays\n(r\u00e9gions, cercles, localit\u00e9s et villages).\n\n- Plaidoyer pour une mobilisation de toutes les OSC intervenant dans la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats de la\nfemme malienne autour de la Coordination Nationale des Organisations Paysannes (CNOP). Cette\ncoordination a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait des preuves en mati\u00e8re de plaidoyer.\n\n- Prendre des mesures d\u2019all\u00e9gement des proc\u00e9dures dans chaque r\u00e9gion afin de permettre aux\nhumanitaires d\u2019\u00eatre proactifs face au besoin de r\u00e9ponse urgent.\n\n- Assurer une bonne v\u00e9rification des droits LTPRN avant tous les processus de d\u00e9minage afin d\u2019assurer\nque ces terres soient retourn\u00e9es aux propri\u00e9taires\n\n- Mettre en place des outils et moyens pour mitiger les risques ou les effets d\u2019\u00e9viction lorsqu\u2019elles se\nproduisent.\n\n- Mettre en place un syst\u00e8me qui permet de collecter les donn\u00e9es sur les cas d\u2019\u00e9viction1.\n\n- Sensibiliser les populations sur les avantages de produire des ententes claires et pr\u00e9cises, avec un\nsyst\u00e8me d\u2019enregistrement/archivage de ces ententes2.\n\n\uf0e8 _**A l\u2019intention des services techniques**_\n\n- Vulgariser et appliquer les textes l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e8glementaires sur l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 des femmes au\nfoncier : Code Domanial et Foncier (CDF), Loi sur le Foncier Agricole (LFA) et Loi d\u2019Orientation Agricole\n(LOA).\n\n- Redynamiser les commissions d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et de celles impliqu\u00e9es dans la gestion\nfonci\u00e8re aux niveaux communal et villageois.\n\n- Conduire des formations continues des agents de l\u2019\u00c9tat, des \u00e9lus et des agents locaux qui\ninterviennent dans la gestion fonci\u00e8re en vue d\u2019harmoniser la compr\u00e9hension des textes.\n\n\uf0e8 _**A l\u2019intention des collectivit\u00e9s locales**_\n\n- Harmoniser le processus de mise en place des COFO : Cela pourrait rendre ces instances plus cr\u00e9dibles.\n\n- Mettre en place des COFO dans toutes les localit\u00e9s du Mali\n\n- Redynamiser les COFO qui ne sont pas fonctionnelles.\n\n- Mettre en synergie tous les acteurs du plaidoyer pour l\u2019homologation des PV de conciliation produits\npar les COFO : Dans leurs attributions, les COFO proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des conciliations assorties de PV.\nCependant, ceux-ci ne sont pas toujours reconnus par les autorit\u00e9s. Un plaidoyer est actuellement en\ncours.\n\n- \u0152uvrer \u00e0 l\u2019harmonisation des instruments de pr\u00e9vention et de gestion des conflits par les intervenants\nsur le terrain.\n\n\n1 Sur la base de notre enqu\u00eate, les cas semblent rares mais cela est peut-\u00eatre li\u00e9 au syst\u00e8me de monitoring qui n\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s fonctionnel\n2 Un document \u00e9crit n\u2019est pas toujours appropri\u00e9 pour toutes les situations d\u2019ententes de tenure LTPRN, surtout la ou les gens sont analphab\u00e8tes.\nUn enregistrement peut se faire avec des t\u00e9moins et/ou un enregistrement des voix qui discutent l\u2019entente utilisant des outils num\u00e9riques.\n\n\n**3 |** P a g e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cd9660de-5fc7-3ec1-9f94-65a8fb06f705/etude_cadrage_ltprn_mali_rapport_final_mali_resume_version_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_799/raw/doc_799_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_799/raw/doc_799_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 48e2c1ab141e3b78fbd209363fe410c8577a6c7d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_799/raw/doc_799_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **ARRANCADOS**\n# **DE RAIZ**\n\n###### **CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE** **NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS Y/O SEPARADOS DE** **CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\nResponsable de la investigaci\u00f3n: Abbdel Camargo M.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ARRANCADOS**\n# **DE RAIZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "El estudio fue desarrollado por encargo de la Oficina del Alto\nComisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR)\nal consultor Abbdel Camargo M. El informe fue elaborado con base\nen informaci\u00f3n y estad\u00edsticas p\u00fablicas, as\u00ed como en encuestas y\nentrevistas realizadas por el autor. Las opiniones expresadas no\nnecesariamente reflejan la postura del ACNUR. Este documento\npuede ser libremente citado y copiado para fines acad\u00e9micos,\neducacionales y no comerciales, tomando en cuenta que las\nfuentes y el autor sean debidamente citados.\n\n\nEl estudio completo puede consultarse en www.acnur.org/mexico\n\n\n**Planeaci\u00f3n, desarrollo y gesti\u00f3n institucional**\nAnya Victoria Delgado\nJos\u00e9 Francisco Sieber Luz Filho\nRafael Zavala Toledo\n\n\n**Revisi\u00f3n y edici\u00f3n documental**\nAna Gabriela Ram\u00edrez Valencia\n\n\n**Colaboradores en el proceso editorial**\nAna Paola Abimerhi Ayora\nValeria Mar Corral\nNicol\u00e1s Rodr\u00edguez Serna\n\n\n**Edici\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica**\nIsa\u00ed Rub\u00e9n Balc\u00e1zar Calder\u00f3n\n\n\n**Fotograf\u00eda cubierta**\nA. Victoria\n\n\nOficina del ACNUR en M\u00e9xico\nMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra No. 193\n\nOficina 1402, Col. Granada\n\nCiudad de M\u00e9xico\nTel\u00e9fono 5083 1710\n\nwww.acnur.org\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Glosario de t\u00e9rminos**\n\nACNUR Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los\n\n\nRefugiados\n\n\nCG COMAR Coordinaci\u00f3n General de la Comisi\u00f3n Mexicana de Ayuda a\n\n\nRefugiados\n\n\nCIDH Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos\n\n\nCoIDH Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos\n\n\nDIF Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia\n\n\nECHO Departamento de Ayuda Humanitaria y Protecci\u00f3n Civil de\n\n\nla Comisi\u00f3n Europea\n\n\nINM Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n\n\n\nINEGI Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, Geograf\u00eda e Inform\u00e1tica\n\n\nLGBTI Lesbiana, gay, bisexual, transg\u00e9nero (transexual, travesti) e\nintersexual\n\n\nNNAS Ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados\n\n\nONU Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas\n\n\nOIM Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones\n\n\nOMS Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud\n\n\nOPI Oficial de Protecci\u00f3n a la Infancia\n\n\nPNUD Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo\n\n\nTNAC Tri\u00e1ngulo Norte de Am\u00e9rica Central\n\n\nUNICEF Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia\n\n\nUNODC Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito\n\n\nUNFPA Fondo de Poblaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **5**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Agradecimientos**\n\nEl presente estudio es resultado del esfuerzo y compromiso de diversas personas y actores\ninvolucrados. En primer orden, el ACNUR agradece la apertura y disposici\u00f3n que tuvieron\nlos ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes centroamericanos en Tapachula, Chiapas y en la Ciudad de\nM\u00e9xico, al compartir con gentileza y paciencia sus historias, motivaciones y necesidades.\n\n\nLa publicaci\u00f3n se llev\u00f3 a cabo con el importante apoyo del Departamento de Ayuda\nHumanitaria y Protecci\u00f3n Civil de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea (ECHO) y en cercana coordinaci\u00f3n\ncon las Oficinas Regionales del ACNUR en Panam\u00e1 y en los Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica. La\ninvestigaci\u00f3n qued\u00f3 bajo responsabilidad del consultor Abbdel Camargo Mart\u00ednez y su equipo\nde colaboradores, a quienes el ACNUR agradece su invaluable trabajo. El ACNUR reconoce\ntambi\u00e9n la colaboraci\u00f3n en el dise\u00f1o y levantamiento de la informaci\u00f3n de Gerardo Espinoza\nSantos; la sistematizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n e investigaci\u00f3n documental de Susana Vargas\nEvaristo, de la Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM) y Sof\u00eda Dur\u00e1n Stone, de\nla Universidad de Sophia (SU); y la elaboraci\u00f3n de la base de datos y sistematizaci\u00f3n de la\ninformaci\u00f3n de Giancarlo P\u00e9rez Paniagua, de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM)\ny Arcelia Serrano Vargas, funcionaria de la Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica (SEP).\n\n\n\n**6** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Asimismo, la Oficina del ACNUR en M\u00e9xico aprecia el inter\u00e9s que mostraron diversos actores\ndurante el desarrollo del presente estudio, especialmente de los miembros del Centro de\nDerechos Humanos Fray Mat\u00edas de C\u00f3rdoba, en Tapachula, Chiapas. En la parte log\u00edstica\nagradece la recepci\u00f3n de la Dra. Carmen Fern\u00e1ndez en la frontera sur del pa\u00eds, la cual fue vital\npara el acercamiento del equipo de investigaci\u00f3n con diversos actores en la regi\u00f3n.\n\n\nEl ACNUR en M\u00e9xico valora la apertura, la disposici\u00f3n al di\u00e1logo y la reflexi\u00f3n de las y los\nfuncionarios gubernamentales que participaron en entrevistas llevadas a cabo entre febrero y\nmarzo de 2014. En particular, la Oficina agradece a la Coordinaci\u00f3n General de la Comisi\u00f3n\nMexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados (CG COMAR); y al Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n (INM) y\nsus funcionarios en la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico y Tapachula, Chiapas; as\u00ed como al Sistema Nacional\npara el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (DIF) y al Sistema DIF en el estado de Chiapas,\nprincipalmente aquellas personas que laboran en el m\u00f3dulo del DIF dentro de la Estaci\u00f3n\nMigratoria de Tapachula; al Albergue de D\u00eda y el Albergue Temporal para el Menor Migrante\ndel DIF, ambos en Tapachula, Chiapas.\n\n\nPor \u00faltimo, la Oficina del ACNUR en M\u00e9xico agradece a los participantes de la reuni\u00f3n\nconvocada el 22 de abril de 2014, la cual cont\u00f3 con la presencia de la titular y funcionarias de\nla CG COMAR, funcionarios de la Direcci\u00f3n General de Control y Verificaci\u00f3n Migratoria y la\nDirecci\u00f3n General de Protecci\u00f3n al Migrante y Vinculaci\u00f3n del INM, y de la Unidad de Pol\u00edtica\nMigratoria, de la Secretar\u00eda de Gobernaci\u00f3n; funcionarios y funcionarias de la Direcci\u00f3n\nGeneral de Derechos Humanos de la Secretar\u00eda de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) y de la titular\nde la Direcci\u00f3n de Protecci\u00f3n a la Infancia del Sistema Nacional para el Desarrollo de la\nFamilia (DIF).\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **7**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Presentaci\u00f3n**\n\nLa Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR),\nactuando bajo la autoridad de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, tiene el mandato\nde proporcionar protecci\u00f3n internacional a las personas refugiadas, as\u00ed como de buscar\nsoluciones duraderas a sus problemas.\n\nEn M\u00e9xico, el ACNUR trabaja con el Estado y la sociedad civil para garantizar la protecci\u00f3n\ninternacional de todas las personas refugiadas que residen en el territorio del pa\u00eds, as\u00ed como\na aquellas que solicitan el reconocimiento de su condici\u00f3n como refugiadas y a quienes el\nEstado mexicano haya otorgado la protecci\u00f3n complementaria. La Oficina adelanta acciones\npara asegurar que todas las personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional tengan\nacceso efectivo a su derecho de buscar y recibir asilo, en conformidad con la Ley sobre\nRefugiados y Protecci\u00f3n Complementaria y la competencia de la Coordinaci\u00f3n General de\nla Comisi\u00f3n Mexicana de Ayuda a los Refugiados (CG COMAR), el \u00f3rgano del Gobierno\nmexicano responsable del reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n jur\u00eddica de refugiado en el pa\u00eds.\nCon el mismo objetivo, el ACNUR coordina esfuerzos con otros organismos internacionales,\nincluyendo la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial para las Migraciones (OIM), el Programa de las Naciones\nUnidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), el Fondo de Poblaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA) y\nel Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), a trav\u00e9s del Programa Conjunto\npara Migrantes en Tr\u00e1nsito implementado en Chiapas, Tabasco y Oaxaca.\n\nEn una regi\u00f3n donde las personas que requieren protecci\u00f3n internacional utilizan los mismos\ncanales, mecanismos y rutas que aquellas que son migrantes, el ACNUR percibe la apremiante\nnecesidad de comprender mejor las razones de este flujo migratorio mixto, en donde miles\nde ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes provenientes de los pa\u00edses del Tri\u00e1ngulo Norte de Am\u00e9rica\nCentral (TNAC) han abandonado su pa\u00eds de origen sin sus padres y, frecuentemente, sin la\ncompa\u00f1\u00eda de ning\u00fan otro familiar o responsable legal, para llegar a M\u00e9xico y a Estados Unidos.\n\nEn este marco, y con el valioso apoyo del Departamento de Ayuda Humanitaria y Protecci\u00f3n\nCivil de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea (ECHO) y en cercana coordinaci\u00f3n con las Oficinas Regionales\ndel ACNUR en Panam\u00e1 y en Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica, la Oficina del ACNUR en M\u00e9xico\npresenta el estudio \u201cArrancados de Ra\u00edz\u201d que contiene informaci\u00f3n sobre un fen\u00f3meno\naltamente cambiante, que puede servir de base para la formulaci\u00f3n e implementaci\u00f3n de\nmedidas de protecci\u00f3n internacional eficaces.\n\nEl estudio busca, por lo tanto, contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de la situaci\u00f3n afrontada\npor la ni\u00f1ez en Centroam\u00e9rica a partir del an\u00e1lisis de los datos estad\u00edsticos oficiales, aquellos\nproporcionados por la sociedad civil organizada y principalmente, de la informaci\u00f3n levantada\nen el terreno, que recogen las experiencias que ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os y adolescentes centroamericanos\namablemente compartieron con nuestra Oficina.\n\nEn este contexto, es importante mencionar que la actuaci\u00f3n del ACNUR frente a la infancia\nes guiada por el marco establecido en la Convenci\u00f3n de 1989 sobre los Derechos del Ni\u00f1o,\nla Convenci\u00f3n de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, el Protocolo de 1967 sobre el\nEstatuto de los Refugiados, la Convenci\u00f3n de 1954 sobre el Estatuto de los Ap\u00e1tridas y la\nConvenci\u00f3n Americana sobre Derechos Humanos de 1969. Dichos instrumentos jur\u00eddicos\nreconocen que los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes son titulares de derechos, y que los Estados\n\n\n\n**8** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tienen el deber de reconocerles el derecho a una protecci\u00f3n integral, especial y reforzada;\nadicionalmente, dictan las acciones concretas que deben adoptarse de acuerdo a la edad,\ng\u00e9nero y la diversidad de las personas con necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional. Al mismo\ntiempo, refuerzan los compromisos de los Estados de brindar protecci\u00f3n y cuidados a la ni\u00f1ez\nsolicitante de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado y ap\u00e1trida en todas las etapas del desplazamiento,\ncon base en los principios del derecho intr\u00ednseco a la vida, la supervivencia y el desarrollo en\nla m\u00e1xima medida posible, la no discriminaci\u00f3n, el derecho de expresar su opini\u00f3n libremente\ny el inter\u00e9s superior de la ni\u00f1ez.\n\nEl ACNUR en M\u00e9xico celebra la apertura y el apoyo del Estado para la consecuci\u00f3n del\nmandato de nuestra agencia y reconoce la serie de esfuerzos que \u00e9ste ha impulsado a favor de\nla protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez migrante y con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional. No obstante,\nel ACNUR observa la necesidad de impulsar m\u00e1s acciones a fin de garantizar sus derechos\nhumanos, tomando en cuenta los enormes retos que suponen nuevas formas y causas de la\nmovilidad transfronteriza de esta poblaci\u00f3n en riesgo y propensa a sufrir violaciones a sus\nderechos.\n\nLa limitada informaci\u00f3n actualizada y sistematizada sobre el perfil, el contexto social y\ncomunitario del cual provienen las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes centroamericanos y las razones\npor las que abandonaron sus pa\u00edses, tambi\u00e9n constituyen un obst\u00e1culo para garantizar la\nefectividad de las medidas de cuidado y protecci\u00f3n necesarias, as\u00ed como el acceso efectivo\na su derecho de buscar y recibir asilo y consecuentemente, al procedimiento para obtener el\nreconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en M\u00e9xico.\n\nEste a\u00f1o se celebra el **trig\u00e9simo aniversario de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena sobre los**\n**Refugiados.** Por este motivo, gobiernos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y el ACNUR se\nhan reunido para reflexionar y buscar respuestas concretas a los desaf\u00edos que imponen las\nnuevas formas de violencia en la regi\u00f3n. Espero que este estudio sirva para este prop\u00f3sito y\nlogre amplificar las voces de las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados\nque son v\u00edctimas del abandono y la desprotecci\u00f3n en sus pa\u00edses de origen y que huyen de\nla violencia e inseguridad en Centroam\u00e9rica. Al mismo tiempo, que \u00e9ste sea un medio para\ngenerar conciencia sobre una situaci\u00f3n que a todos debiera de preocupar, contribuyendo\na acelerar la b\u00fasqueda de soluciones y respuestas integrales, coordinadas y efectivas con\nmiras a asegurar a este sector de la poblaci\u00f3n un futuro por parte de todos los que est\u00e1n\ninvolucrados en el bienestar de la ni\u00f1ez refugiada en M\u00e9xico.\n\nDr. Hamdi Bukhari\nRepresentante del Alto Comisionado de las\nNaciones Unidas para los Refugiados en M\u00e9xico\n\n\nAgosto 2014\n\nM\u00e9xico, D.F.\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **9**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Prefacio**\n\nEste a\u00f1o se conmemora el **trig\u00e9simo aniversario de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena sobre**\n**los Refugiados de 1984,** instrumento vanguardista elaborado por acad\u00e9micos, diplom\u00e1ticos\ny juristas latinoamericanos que, buscando atender la precaria situaci\u00f3n que en ese entonces\nten\u00eda lugar en Centroam\u00e9rica, la cual llevaba a las personas a huir de un contexto de violencia\ngeneralizada y guerras fratricidas, se propuso ampliar la definici\u00f3n de refugiado para\nasegurar una mayor protecci\u00f3n legal y humanitaria en la regi\u00f3n. En 2004, veinte gobiernos\nlatinoamericanos refrendaron los compromisos adoptados en este instrumento a trav\u00e9s de la\nDeclaraci\u00f3n y Plan de Acci\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico para Fortalecer la Protecci\u00f3n de los Refugiados en\nAm\u00e9rica Latina, herramienta que estableci\u00f3 medidas espec\u00edficas a fin de identificar soluciones\nduraderas e innovadoras para los refugiados en la regi\u00f3n.\n\nA tres d\u00e9cadas de la aprobaci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Cartagena, los Estados y los diversos\nactores involucrados se re\u00fanen una vez m\u00e1s para reflexionar sobre los avances y los nuevos\ndesaf\u00edos, as\u00ed como para buscar conjuntamente soluciones duraderas concretas para las\npersonas refugiadas. Por un lado, existen flujos migratorios mixtos dentro de los cuales se\nencuentran, no s\u00f3lo personas adultas, sino tambi\u00e9n \u2013y cada vez con mayor frecuencia\u2013 ni\u00f1as,\nni\u00f1os y adolescentes solos o con sus familias, que pudieran calificar como refugiadas y, por\ntanto, requerir tratamiento y protecci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica. Por el otro, han surgido nuevas formas\nde violencia en la regi\u00f3n, en donde cada vez m\u00e1s son los poderosos actores del crimen\norganizado, los grupos pandilleriles y, en ciertas circunstancias, los mismos n\u00facleos familiares,\nlos principales agentes persecutores o generadores de violencia y consecuentemente, de\ndesplazamientos forzados tanto internos como transfronterizos.\n\n\n\n**10** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La violencia tiene graves consecuencias humanitarias para las ni\u00f1as, los ni\u00f1os y los adolescentes\nde Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras, afectando seriamente su bienestar y desarrollo. Cada\na\u00f1o, miles de ellos se ven obligados a desplazarse internamente o a emprender el viaje rumbo a\nlos pa\u00edses del norte y m\u00e1s frecuentemente, a los otros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n en busca de un lugar\nseguro para vivir. Todos los d\u00edas, cientos de ellos se internan en territorio mexicano utilizando\nv\u00edas invisibles para la mayor\u00eda de las autoridades y los ciudadanos. Dichos caminos est\u00e1n\ncolmados de incontables riesgos, exponi\u00e9ndolos a una multiplicidad de tipos de violencia.\n\nLas ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes -de quienes se ocupa este estudio- son detectados y detenidos\npor las autoridades migratorias, en las que recae el deber de identificar su necesidad de\nprotecci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como de canalizaci\u00f3n al sistema de protecci\u00f3n internacional previsto en la\nlegislaci\u00f3n mexicana.\n\nEn este marco, resulta atinado el estudio \u201cArrancados de Ra\u00edz\u201d, realizado por encargo del\nAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR), el cual aborda\nlas causas que originan el desplazamiento transfronterizo de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes no\nacompa\u00f1ados provenientes de los pa\u00edses del Tri\u00e1ngulo Norte de Am\u00e9rica Central (TNAC),\nas\u00ed como su acceso al sistema para el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en\nM\u00e9xico. El estudio permite adquirir un mejor entendimiento de la dimensi\u00f3n del problema\ny del impacto espec\u00edfico de la violencia sobre este sector, a partir de las respuestas dadas\npor adolescentes, ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os centroamericanos y funcionarios entrevistados, as\u00ed como del\nan\u00e1lisis de estad\u00edsticas e informes disponibles sobre la materia.\n\nLa investigaci\u00f3n que se presenta a continuaci\u00f3n brinda elementos que pueden abonar al\nan\u00e1lisis y dise\u00f1o de mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n efectivos para la ni\u00f1ez que no puede regresar\na sus pa\u00edses de origen por causa de la violencia y la persecuci\u00f3n. Del mismo modo, apoya\nla b\u00fasqueda de soluciones permanentes o de larga duraci\u00f3n para las personas refugiadas o\npara quienes han recibido otras formas de protecci\u00f3n internacional en M\u00e9xico.\n\nConsidero indispensable recordar que son los Estados los principales responsables de la\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional de la ni\u00f1ez. A ellos compete la promoci\u00f3n, el establecimiento y la\nimplementaci\u00f3n de sistemas de asilo y de protecci\u00f3n de las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes de\nconformidad con sus obligaciones internacionales, asegur\u00e1ndose de garantizar el acceso a\nestos sistemas a todos los ni\u00f1os bajo su jurisdicci\u00f3n. Dichos sistemas deber\u00e1n implementarse\nbajo los principios de la solidaridad internacional y mediante esquemas de responsabilidad\ncompartida, adecuando los mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n a las distintas dimensiones\nde la migraci\u00f3n existente en M\u00e9xico y en los pa\u00edses mesoamericanos. Finalmente, destaco la\nimportancia de sumar a este esfuerzo a los organismos internacionales y a la sociedad civil,\ncuyo acompa\u00f1amiento comprometido, pronta colaboraci\u00f3n e importante apoyo t\u00e9cnico han\ncontribuido al cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales del Estado mexicano.\n\n\nRosario Green\nEmbajadora Em\u00e9rita de M\u00e9xico\n\n\nAgosto 2014\n\nM\u00e9xico, D.F.\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **11**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Resumen ejecutivo**\n\nEn la actualidad, la movilizaci\u00f3n transfronteriza de personas centroamericanas se caracteriza\npor los ingresos individuales de poblaci\u00f3n y la multiplicidad de causas del desplazamiento.\nEllo se aparta del patr\u00f3n observado durante las d\u00e9cadas de los ochenta y noventa, en las\ncuales se registraron procesos de confrontaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica violenta y conflictos armados que\nprovocaron que miles de personas salieran de sus pa\u00edses de manera forzada y buscaran asilo\nen M\u00e9xico y Estados Unidos. Hoy en d\u00eda predomina un escenario en donde cada vez m\u00e1s\npersonas entran a M\u00e9xico huyendo de la persecuci\u00f3n, la inseguridad, la violencia de g\u00e9nero y\naquella causada por la presencia de pandillas, maras, u otros grupos del crimen organizado.\n\n\nEl desplazamiento de personas centroamericanas desde sus pa\u00edses de origen, es determinado\npor los constre\u00f1imientos econ\u00f3micos, pol\u00edticos y sociales en sus pa\u00edses; por el inter\u00e9s de\nreencontrarse con sus familias; y marcadamente, por el contexto de violencia que est\u00e1 minando\nla vida de la ciudadan\u00eda, revelando la ausencia de mecanismos eficientes de protecci\u00f3n por\nparte de los Estados. En el caso de los **ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes no acompa\u00f1ados**\n**y/o separados (NNAS),** se ha detectado que en un n\u00famero significativo de casos, son el\nentorno comunitario y su propio grupo familiar los que representan espacios de inseguridad\ndirectos. Como resultado, el desplazamiento de las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes se convierte\nen forzoso y su regreso al pa\u00eds de origen supone un grave riesgo a su vida, integridad y\nseguridad.\n\n\n\n**12** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, el flujo de los NNAS en M\u00e9xico provenientes de El Salvador, Guatemala y\nHonduras, regi\u00f3n conocida como el Tri\u00e1ngulo Norte de Am\u00e9rica Central, ha visto un aumento\nsignificativo. As\u00ed, de 2008 a 2013, las autoridades mexicanas han registrado casi 22,000\nretornos asistidos de NNAS a estos tres pa\u00edses. En este contexto M\u00e9xico -al igual que\notros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n como Estados Unidos, Belice, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panam\u00e1ha observado un incremento en el n\u00famero de solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nprovenientes del TNAC.\n\n\nLa presentaci\u00f3n de solicitudes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado por parte de NNAS guatemaltecos,\nsalvadore\u00f1os y hondure\u00f1os ha mostrado variaciones relevantes. Desde el 2011 el aumento\nde solicitudes de NNAS de estas tres nacionalidades ha sido constante e incluso se ha\nincrementado tres veces al pasar de 16 solicitudes en 2011 a 50 en 2013. Por su parte, solo\nel a\u00f1o pasado, 15 ni\u00f1os de Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras fueron reconocidos como\nrefugiados, la cifra m\u00e1s alta en ese trienio.\n\n\nEste estudio destaca la preocupante situaci\u00f3n de los miles de NNAS que pudieran tener\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n, incluyendo la protecci\u00f3n internacional, y que cruzan M\u00e9xico sin\nser detectados al utilizar rutas y medios invisibles para la poblaci\u00f3n, las organizaciones que\nofrecen alojamiento o servicios sociales y legales, y las autoridades mexicanas, en su intento\nde llegar a Estados Unidos. Lo anterior se corrobora al observar las estad\u00edsticas oficiales que\ndan cuenta del extraordinario incremento en el n\u00famero de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes que\nhan logrado arribar a la frontera sur de los Estados Unidos en el \u00faltimo periodo. As\u00ed, en lo que\nva del a\u00f1o fiscal 2014 -octubre de 2013 a julio de 2014- fueron detectados cerca de 48,000\nNNAS, provenientes de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras.\n\n\nEn este complejo contexto, la Oficina del ACNUR en M\u00e9xico trabaja de manera conjunta\ncon el Estado para asegurar que todos los NNAS sean identificados y canalizados a\nlos procedimientos m\u00e1s apropiados, incluyendo los procedimientos formales para el\nreconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Con esta finalidad, ACNUR llev\u00f3 a cabo el\npresente trabajo con la expectativa de que los resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones,\npuedan contribuir a desarrollar medidas efectivas para atender eficazmente la situaci\u00f3n en\nque se encuentran los NNAS.\n\n\nEste trabajo indagatorio tiene por objetivo comprender las razones que motivan la salida\nde los NNAS de Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador, identificando la potencial existencia\nde necesidad de protecci\u00f3n, como es la protecci\u00f3n internacional. Desde su origen, estos\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes padecen las condicionantes de una regi\u00f3n sumida en violencia,\ncriminalidad, desigualdad social y pobreza, as\u00ed como en ambientes familiares y comunitarios\nfragmentados. Todo ello ha generado situaciones adversas para su permanencia en sus\npa\u00edses y determinan las causales de su desplazamiento en los \u00faltimos tiempos.\n\n\nEn la implementaci\u00f3n del estudio se utiliz\u00f3 una metodolog\u00eda mixta, donde se abord\u00f3 a 200\nNNAS a trav\u00e9s de grupos de discusi\u00f3n y se entrevist\u00f3 efectivamente de forma individual a 72\nNNAS alojados en las Estaciones Migratorias de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, y Tapachula, Chiapas,\nas\u00ed como en albergues de esa ciudad fronteriza, de octubre a diciembre de 2013. En grupos\nfocales se interactu\u00f3 con 126 ni\u00f1os y adolescentes del sexo masculino (54 guatemaltecos, 19\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **13**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "salvadore\u00f1os y 53 hondure\u00f1os) y 74 ni\u00f1as y adolescentes del sexo femenino (45 guatemaltecas,\n10 salvadore\u00f1as, 19 hondure\u00f1as). Los cuestionarios se aplicaron a 40 ni\u00f1os y adolescentes\nvarones (11 de Guatemala, 7 de El Salvador, y 22 de Honduras) y 32 ni\u00f1as y adolescentes del\nsexo femenino (14 de Guatemala, 3 de El Salvador y 15 de Honduras). Asimismo, se realizaron\nentrevistas a funcionarios p\u00fablicos y se consult\u00f3 bibliograf\u00eda actualizada sobre el tema.\n\n\nLos datos obtenidos a partir de las entrevistas revelan que **el desplazamiento de los NNAS**\n**es multicausal y que los factores normalmente se encuentran interrelacionados.**\nEllo significa que existe una serie de razones que motivan a este contingente a salir de sus\npa\u00edses y que la ponderaci\u00f3n de unas y otras terminan justificando la decisi\u00f3n de salida o la\nmisma huida. Para caracterizar de mejor forma los factores que han impulsado su salida, el\nestudio plante\u00f3 hacer una diferencia fundamental que distingue entre las causas y los motivos\nde migraci\u00f3n. Para ello se consider\u00f3 que las causas estar\u00edan vinculadas a los aspectos\nestructurales que han determinado la movilizaci\u00f3n de los NNAS, y \u00e9stas se encuentran\nconectadas a las relaciones sociales, hist\u00f3ricas, econ\u00f3micas y pol\u00edticas que prevalecen\ndentro del complejo migratorio compuesto por Estados Unidos, M\u00e9xico y Centroam\u00e9rica; en\ntanto que los **motivos ser\u00edan las explicaciones espec\u00edficas, individuales y subjetivas**\n**que a partir de la experiencia de vida, han determinado la salida de cada ni\u00f1o, ni\u00f1a**\n\n**o adolecente de su pa\u00eds.** Con esta distinci\u00f3n, se desagregaron las respuestas en variables\nque se detectaron durante las entrevistas para identificar de forma m\u00e1s precisa los motivos\nexpresados por los NNAS.\n\n\nLa sistematizaci\u00f3n de las respuestas acerca de las motivaciones arroj\u00f3 resultados m\u00e1s\nconcretos que incluso adquirieron mayor sentido para los propios ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes\nentrevistados. Esta metodolog\u00eda permiti\u00f3 comprender que **no es una violencia, sino son**\n**m\u00faltiples violencias las que estos ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes est\u00e1n padeciendo en**\n**sus pa\u00edses de origen. El estudio igualmente corrobor\u00f3 que los NNAS que viven en**\n**contextos de desprotecci\u00f3n y violencia, ven en la salida de sus pa\u00edses de origen una**\n**forma de cambiar el horizonte de su vida.**\n\n\nPara los efectos de este estudio, los diversos motivos fueron agrupados en tres principales\ncausas de salida: violencia, razones econ\u00f3micas y reunificaci\u00f3n familiar. Como resultado se\ntiene que en promedio **48.6% de los NNAS entrevistados identificaron una situaci\u00f3n**\n**asociada a un tipo de violencia -golpes, intimidaciones, amenazas, e inseguridad-**\n**como causa de salida, evidenciando el grave nivel de desprotecci\u00f3n en que se**\n**encuentran los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en esta regi\u00f3n del mundo.** De acuerdo\ncon este resultado, pr\u00e1cticamente **la mitad de los NNAS entrevistados potencialmente**\n**requer\u00edan protecci\u00f3n internacional y, por tanto, exist\u00edan elementos para su**\n**canalizaci\u00f3n al procedimiento de reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en**\n**M\u00e9xico.**\n\n\nEl estudio tambi\u00e9n parti\u00f3 de la premisa de que los NNAS no son un contingente homog\u00e9neo,\npor lo que se deber\u00eda reflexionar profundamente sobre las diferencias a su interior. El an\u00e1lisis\npor pa\u00eds sobre los motivos de salida de los NNAS tambi\u00e9n es elocuente y coincide con la\ninformaci\u00f3n objetiva de los pa\u00edses de origen. Si bien existen elementos comunes entre los tres\npa\u00edses, el presente estudio encontr\u00f3 que son **los nacionales de Honduras quienes en**\n\n\n\n**14** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**mayor medida est\u00e1n huyendo de la violencia e inseguridad en sus pa\u00edses de origen.**\n**Se hall\u00f3 que un 59.5% de los NNAS hondure\u00f1os se encontraban en esta situaci\u00f3n;**\n**seguido de los salvadore\u00f1os con 40% y guatemaltecos con 33.3% en promedio.**\nEstos datos evidencian que la violencia tiene un peso significativo en la decisi\u00f3n de salir del\npa\u00eds de origen en los tres pa\u00edses.\n\n\nDichos resultados contrastan con los hallazgos del estudio La Protecci\u00f3n internacional de\nlas ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os no acompa\u00f1ados y/o separados en la frontera sur de M\u00e9xico, realizado entre\n2006 y 2008. Dicho estudio, que utiliz\u00f3 una metodolog\u00eda y muestra comparable al del presente\ntrabajo, encontr\u00f3 que la mayor\u00eda de los ni\u00f1os no ten\u00eda necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional, y\nque solo el 13% del total de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as entrevistados presentaban elementos que merec\u00edan\nun estudio m\u00e1s profundo. Esto significa que en un tiempo relativamente corto, el n\u00famero de\nNNAS de los tres pa\u00edses con potencial necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional aumento m\u00e1s\ndel triple.\n\n\nPor otro lado, los hallazgos y las conclusiones de este estudio **confirman los resultados**\n**y la tendencia** observada en el **informe Children on the Run** publicado por la Oficina\ndel ACNUR en Washington, el cual indica de forma inequ\u00edvoca que muchos de los ni\u00f1os\ndesplazados han sufrido grave peligro y adversidades en sus pa\u00edses de origen. **Seg\u00fan**\n**dicho informe, hasta un 56% de los 302 ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as no acompa\u00f1ados del TNAC**\n**entrevistados tendr\u00edan potencial necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional,** siendo\nlos nacionales de El Salvador, seguidos por Honduras y en tercer lugar Guatemala, los que\nmayores riesgos enfrentaban de ser devueltos a sus pa\u00edses.\n\n\nEl presente estudio corrobor\u00f3 que actualmente la grave violencia en los pa\u00edses del TNAC\nest\u00e1 orillando a varios de los NNAS a huir, y que la salida tiene como finalidad el encuentro\ncon padres o alg\u00fan otro familiar que vive en el extranjero. De ah\u00ed que durante el proceso de\ninvestigaci\u00f3n, los NNAS sol\u00edan identificar este causal como la principal raz\u00f3n de salida. A\npartir de esta observaci\u00f3n, se concluye que en muchos casos la reunificaci\u00f3n familiar debiera\nconsiderarse como una consecuencia y no una causa de salida de los NNAS.\n\n\nPor su parte, el estudio confirma que los movimientos transfronterizos tienen un impacto\ndiferenciado de acuerdo al g\u00e9nero, pa\u00eds de origen, condici\u00f3n \u00e9tnica y la edad de la persona.\nAs\u00ed, son los **adolescentes y ni\u00f1os quienes mayormente son v\u00edctimas de la violencia del**\n**entorno comunitario;** y las **adolescentes y ni\u00f1as quienes padecen formas espec\u00edficas**\n**de violencia de g\u00e9nero,** la cual generalmente toma lugar en el espacio dom\u00e9stico.\n\n\nAsimismo, se encontr\u00f3 que las historias de vida de los NNAS est\u00e1n cruzadas por el tema\nde la violaci\u00f3n a sus derechos fundamentales al vivir en un estado permanente de riesgo y\namenaza hacia sus personas, situaci\u00f3n que provoca la **construcci\u00f3n de la percepci\u00f3n**\n**sobre la violencia naturalizada.** La totalidad de los NNAS hondure\u00f1os entrevistados hab\u00eda\nsido testigo o v\u00edctima de un delito que podr\u00eda clasificarse como grave; sin embargo, \u00e9stos no\nsiempre expresaban muestras correlativas de temor o preocupaci\u00f3n por su bienestar. \u00c9ste es\nun hallazgo fundamental que podr\u00eda incidir en que no identifiquen la violencia como causal de\nsalida del pa\u00eds de origen.\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **15**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Igualmente, este trabajo abord\u00f3 aspectos relativos a los mecanismos para identificar y\nreferir a los NNAS que pudieran requerir protecci\u00f3n internacional al procedimiento para la\ndeterminaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Los NNAS participantes se\u00f1alaron en un 75%\nque no recibieron por parte de las autoridades de migraci\u00f3n informaci\u00f3n sobre el tiempo\ny el procedimiento de devoluci\u00f3n a su pa\u00eds, y que en el 66.7% de los casos no obtuvieron\ninformaci\u00f3n sobre sus derechos en M\u00e9xico, en tanto que solo el 27% expres\u00f3 haber\nsido notificado de manera efectiva y clara sobre el derecho a solicitar y recibir asilo y ser\nreconocido como refugiado o refugiada en M\u00e9xico. Al respecto, la investigaci\u00f3n encontr\u00f3 que\nlas autoridades migratorias suelen compartir informaci\u00f3n con esta poblaci\u00f3n, pero \u00e9sta no\nsiempre es adecuada, lo que provoca que no sea totalmente comprendida. Como resultado,\nlos NNAS experimentan ansiedad y temor durante el tiempo que se encuentran alojados en\nlas estaciones migratorias. Al mismo tiempo, el estudio recab\u00f3 informaci\u00f3n que indica que\ndespu\u00e9s de haberles explicado en qu\u00e9 consist\u00eda, el 28% de los NNAS centroamericanos\nentrevistados manifestaron inter\u00e9s en solicitar el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\nen M\u00e9xico, siendo la causa principal de tal inter\u00e9s las amenazas e inseguridad en su pa\u00eds.\n\n\nPor otro lado, NNAS entrevistados expresaron haber recibido informaci\u00f3n confusa y que incluso\nen algunos casos, los oficiales de migraci\u00f3n o personal del \u201cjur\u00eddico\u201d les desanimaron para\npresentar la solicitud. Esto evidencia la necesidad de un trabajo vinculante e interinstitucional\nque pueda atender las necesidades de la poblaci\u00f3n centroamericana en el contexto actual;\nsiendo \u00e9sta una de las principales demandas. **La falta de informaci\u00f3n detallada y oportuna**\n**al interior de la estaci\u00f3n migratoria y las variables de tiempo de detenci\u00f3n tienen**\n**como resultado situaciones agudas de tensi\u00f3n e incertidumbre para los NNAS.**\nDe esta forma, se observa que los **NNAS no acceden al sistema de asilo para evitar**\n**estar detenidos** durante el procedimiento de reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado,\nprefiriendo en su lugar la devoluci\u00f3n a sus pa\u00edses de origen aun cuando su vida o integridad\ncorre riesgo.\n\n\nEl ACNUR elabor\u00f3 recomendaciones puntuales que se espera sirvan al Estado Mexicano\ndurante la formulaci\u00f3n de respuestas en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este sentido,\nACNUR se\u00f1al\u00f3 que el reconocimiento de que el fen\u00f3meno de desplazamiento de NNAS\ndel TNAC hacia territorio mexicano se encuentra directamente vinculado con la problem\u00e1tica\nde inseguridad y violencia que en la actualidad prevalece en dicha regi\u00f3n, y que las graves\nconsecuencias en su perjuicio \u00fanicamente pueden ser resueltas en un plano regional. Asimismo,\nsugiri\u00f3 la promoci\u00f3n de un debate p\u00fablico en el que participen gobiernos, sociedad civil y\norganismos internacionales; el desarrollo de resoluciones sobre c\u00f3mo atender el incremento\nen los movimientos transfronterizos y las necesidades espec\u00edficas de los NNAS, incluyendo la\npotencial necesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional; la garant\u00eda de recursos materiales y humanos\na efecto de asegurar la atenci\u00f3n, detecci\u00f3n y canalizaci\u00f3n de los NNAS que pudieran requerir\nprotecci\u00f3n internacional; el establecimiento de medidas tendientes a sensibilizar a las y\nlos funcionarios que operan en las estaciones migratorias, e incentivar que se priorice el\nestablecimiento de relaciones intersubjetivas de confianza entre \u00e9stos y los NNAS, con la\nfinalidad de aumentar la posibilidad de conocer la verdadera situaci\u00f3n en la que se encuentran\ny asegurar la recepci\u00f3n adecuada de los mensajes transmitidos.\n\n\n\n**16** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Igualmente, ACNUR recomend\u00f3 el dise\u00f1o y la implementaci\u00f3n de medidas para la\ndetecci\u00f3n de potenciales necesidades, incluyendo la protecci\u00f3n internacional, as\u00ed\ncomo el establecimiento de un sistema de alerta temprana y de referencia inmediata\na la autoridad encargada del procedimiento para el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n\nde refugiado en M\u00e9xico, la Coordinaci\u00f3n General de la COMAR; el desarrollo y\nejecuci\u00f3n de estrategias, programas y medidas concretas dirigidas a fortalecer el\nacceso y la capacidad del procedimiento para el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de\nrefugiado; y la instauraci\u00f3n de medidas de atenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n necesarias para\nsalvaguardar el bienestar de NNA, tomando en cuenta la multiplicidad de perfiles\nespec\u00edficos.\n\n\nFinalmente, la Oficina exhort\u00f3 a las autoridades a adoptar medidas para garantizar\nel principio y derecho del inter\u00e9s superior de la ni\u00f1ez, adem\u00e1s de la participaci\u00f3n\nde los ni\u00f1os durante la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios de atenci\u00f3n y alojamiento y en\nla ejecuci\u00f3n de los mecanismos de identificaci\u00f3n y canalizaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como en el\ndesarrollo del procedimiento para el reconocimiento de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado,\ny en la observancia del debido proceso durante su tramitaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **17**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**18** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Fuente: Elaboraci\u00f3n de\nGiancarlo P\u00e9rez Paniagua con\nbase en las entrevistas hechas\na los NNAS en las estaciones\nmigratorias de Iztapalapa,\nCiudad de M\u00e9xico, y Tapachula,\nChiapas, 2013.\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **19**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Colecci\u00f3n de dibujos de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de Centroam\u00e9rica**\n\nDibujo realizado en las instalaciones de la Estaci\u00f3n Migratoria de Tapachula, Chiapas, por \u201cJ\u201d, un adolescente hondure\u00f1o de 16 a\u00f1os,\n\nno acompa\u00f1ado, quien viaj\u00f3 un tramo de su recorrido por el tren y fue secuestrado durante tres d\u00edas por grupos de la delincuencia\n\norganizada en el estado de Veracruz. Su familia en Estados Unidos pag\u00f3 por su rescate y qued\u00f3 libre. Horas despu\u00e9s fue aprehendido\n\npor autoridades del Instituto Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n y estaba en espera de ser devuelto a su pa\u00eds. \u201cJ\u201d nunca mencion\u00f3 su situaci\u00f3n a\n\nlas autoridades en M\u00e9xico, pues trataba de evitar pasar mucho tiempo en la estaci\u00f3n migratoria. Su dibujo muestra la tormenta que\n\n\u201cJ\u201d vivi\u00f3 en el pa\u00eds.\n\n\nDibujo realizado por Ram\u00f3n dentro de la Estaci\u00f3n Migratoria de Tapachula, Chiapas. Aqu\u00ed, Ram\u00f3n exalta la salida de su casa humilde\n\nen Guatemala y la despedida de sus padres marcando una ruta de viaje que le llevar\u00eda a lograr mejores condiciones de vida para \u00e9l y\n\nsu familia.\n\n\n**20** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dibujo realizado por \u201cNayo\u201d, adolescente de 16 a\u00f1os que se encontraba en la Estaci\u00f3n Migratoria de Tapachula, Chiapas. \u00c9ste\n\ndescribe la situaci\u00f3n actual dentro de su n\u00facleo familiar, la ubicaci\u00f3n de los miembros de la familia cercanos, as\u00ed como la serie\n\nde factores que inciden en la decisi\u00f3n de salir de sus pa\u00edses de origen.\n\n\nDibujo hecho por \u201cN\u201d dentro de la Estaci\u00f3n Migratoria de Tapachula, Chiapas. \u201cN\u201d vive en un barrio conurbado a San Salvador\n\ndonde hay presencia de pandillas. \u201cN\u201d ten\u00eda un grupo de amigos de la escuela y del barrio con quienes creci\u00f3. Uno de ellos\n\nfue obligado a integrarse a la pandilla local. Ese amigo les dijo que pronto les reclutar\u00edan. Pocos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s, \u201cN\u201d recibi\u00f3 la\n\norden de participar en un asalto a un local de la colonia, pero \u201cN\u201d sali\u00f3 huyendo de su pa\u00eds por no querer hacer ese trabajo y\n\nahora teme por su vida. \u201cN\u201d estaba preocupado por el resto de sus amigos, quienes quedaron en El Salvador. Tambi\u00e9n estaba\n\nansioso por su seguridad, pues sab\u00eda que no podr\u00eda regresar a su colonia. Dec\u00eda \u201cno he hecho nada, nunca molest\u00e9 a nadie,\n\npero no puedo volver a mi casa por las pandillas.\u201d\n\n\n**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **21**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Testimonios de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de Centroam\u00e9rica**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**22** **ARRANCADOS DE RA\u00cdZ**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CAUSAS QUE ORIGINAN EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TRANSFRONTERIZO DE NI\u00d1OS, NI\u00d1AS Y ADOLESCENTES NO ACOMPA\u00d1ADOS** **23**\n\n\n**Y/O SEPARADOS DE CENTROAM\u00c9RICA Y SU NECESIDAD DE PROTECCI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Este estudio fue elaborado con el apoyo financiero de la Direcci\u00f3n de\nAyuda Humanitaria y Protecci\u00f3n Civil de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, (ECHO,\npor sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). El contenido de este documento bajo ninguna\ncircunstancia refleja la posici\u00f3n de ECHO.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33a4e1b3-d52f-3440-ae9f-5ca17d7bc4be/execsummary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_8/raw/doc_8_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_8/raw/doc_8_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7fe52d43611ffb91f4ca2566eea23e5c1888a5ac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_8/raw/doc_8_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon North Governorate Profile (June 2015)\n\n#### **GENERAL OVERVIEW**\n\nNorth Lebanon, which previously constituted one governorate with seven districts, was split into two governorates in 2014: Tripoli\nand five surrounding districts (T5) maintained the denomination of North Governorate, while the district of Akkar became a governorate by itself. Tripoli Governorate is composed of six districts; Tripoli, El Koura, El Batroun, Bcharre, Zgharta, and El Minnie-Dennie.\nIt has a mixed confessional population of Sunnis, Alawites, and Christians. Tripoli is the capital of the north Governorate and the\nsecond largest city in the country. Inter-agency coordination and sector coordination meetings for the North take place in Tripoli.\n\n\n#### **POPULATION OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **SOCIO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CHANGES IN CONTEXT JANUARY TO JUNE**\n\nAlthough a double-PBIED attack on 10 January threatened to trigger a resumption of armed conflict in Tripoli, this reporting period\nprovided further evidence that the implementation of the security plan has continued to successfully limit organized armed activity\nbetween Jabal Mohsen and Bab Tabbaneh. The security plan has been in effect in Tripoli since 1 April 2014 to prevent the resurgence\nof armed clashes between the Beb El Tebbeneh (Sunnis) and Jabal Mohsen (Alawites) communities. These are historically divided\nalong sectarian lines and political affiliation against and pro the Syrian regime.\n\n\nSince its implementation, the security plan has been challenged by some sporadic incidents including clashes among groups, targeted actions against some individuals and confrontation. Meanwhile search operations continue resulting in the arrest of 919 individuals residing in various locations in the North allegedly due to individuals overstating their visa or in some instances crime related\nactivities/ suspicions. While Syrians, Lebanese and Palestinians are temporarily arrested, the majority is released after a few hours of\nverification while other are detained for longer periods for investigations purposes. Also, 299 individuals were arrested on terrorism\nrelated activities/ suspicions.\n\n\nCrime continued at the same rates and was not affected by the implementation of the security plan while an increase in civil unrest\nsuch as demonstrations, sit-ins and roadblocks were noted during the reporting period. Other reported incidents included road\nblockages caused by snow and armed interpersonal and interfamily disputes.\n\n\nThe number of people in need in the North has remained stable since the introduction of new registration procedures.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0c7b636-3eff-3af1-b069-e2f1a579a7a4/08072015_NorthGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **HUMANITARIAN AND STABLIZATION TRENDS**\n\nAt the onset of the Syrian emergency, refugee started fleeing neighboring Syria through Lebanon\u2019s northern borders, settling first\nalong the border in Wadi Khaled, where relief efforts were initially focused. However, many continued further south to arrive in Tripoli\nfrom where they often dispersed to its five adjacent districts, with a total Lebanese population of over 550,000 persons.\n\n\nAs of late May, Syrian refugees were spread in over 289 villages and lived mainly in very challenging urban and semi-urban contexts.\nApproximately 81 per cent of them are living in rented accommodation; however, refugees who are unable to cover the high rents\nresort to living in substandard accommodation including non-residential dwellings such as garages and unfinished buildings.\nPartners are working to rehabilitate these to improve the standard of living. There are 16 fewer informal settlements with 4,339 less\npeople living in them compared to December 2014.\n\n\nAn outreach system through Community Development Centers (CDCs), Social Development Centers (SDCs) and Refugee Outreach\nVolunteers (ROVs) is in place to provide support and identify vulnerable refugees with specific needs and refer them to existing\nservices. Access to healthcare facilities remains a challenge with only 8 public hospitals which are supported \u2013 with limited bed\ncapacity- and 5 primary health care centers in the governorate, in addition to the high costs of secondary health care.\n\n\nThe MRR (Map of Risks and Resources) is piloted in Minieh and Dedde municipalities as a coordination tool among all actors to link the\nrisks and needs of the community with the actual and planned interventions. The outcome of the exercise was presented to mayor of\nMinieh and a dedicated coordination body was set-up to strengthen the coordination among partners and with the municipality. This\nexercise is still on-going.\n\n\nA study conducted with northern citizens, including a majority of Lebanese, reported a continuous increase of positive relations\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
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|\n|delivery b|y|t|e|ag|n|ci|e|s.|\n||||||||||\n||||||||||\n|~~ eeds rem~~|~~ i~~||~~ er~~|~~ y~~|~~ i~~|~~ h~~||~~ s~~|\n|~~ institutio~~||~~ a~~|~~ re~~|~~ co~~|~~ n~~|~~ i~~||~~ re~~|\n|~~ institutio~~|||||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|9|6|12|2|7 3|3 2 7|8 6|2|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|8|4|11|1|5
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2|0|1|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Disclaimer:** The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n**Data Source:** Lebanese Population - Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) year 2002 dataset, Poverty data: CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and Household Budget Survey 2004-5,\nSyrian Refugee Population - UNHCR as of 30/05/2015, Humanitarian Intervention Data - Activity Info, Palestinian Refugee Population- UNRWA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9275565147399902, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "northern citizens", - "confidence": 0.8750783801078796, - "start": 341, - "end": 343 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Population - UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5749185681343079, - "start": 991, - "end": 996 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Population", - "confidence": 0.6900168657302856, - "start": 991, - "end": 994 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c0c7b636-3eff-3af1-b069-e2f1a579a7a4/08072015_NorthGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_80/raw/doc_80_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_80/raw/doc_80_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dd03ab90a60384970bd71fdbaafacb992baf93c5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_80/raw/doc_80_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### **2018 Progress Report**\n\nJanuary - June 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### REGIONAL OVERVIEW\n\nAs the conflict in Syria entered its eighth year, neighbouring countries continue to show great generosity in shouldering the weight\nof the crisis in terms of hosting refugees. As of June 2018, over 5.6 million Syrian refugees were registered in Turkey, Lebanon,\nJordan, Iraq, and Egypt. Nevertheless, host countries continue to contend with mounting demographic, economic, political, security\nand social pressures. Across the region, borders and admission practices remained closely managed, affecting the displacement\nability of many individuals.\n\nDespite the exceptional generosity of host governments, the conditions of refugee families across the region remain extremely\nchallenging and many refugee families have become increasingly vulnerable with each passing year of displacement: poverty rates\nexceed 60 per cent in some host countries and some 35 per cent of Syrian refugee children are out-of-school. The impact of this crisis\non vulnerable girls, boys, women and men\u2019s protection and well-being remains staggering. This may have lasting consequences,\nincluding the impacts of early marriage, sexual and gender-based violence, child labour, indebtedness, and exploitation. As more\nrefugees slip into poverty, such protection risks will only get worse. Meanwhile, Palestinian refugees affected by the Syrian crisis\ncontinue to face particular vulnerabilities.\n\nThe political, economic and social trends which have compounded the conditions of refugees in countries neighbouring Syria have\nalso had a similar impact on vulnerable members of their host communities. 3RP partners across the region continue to deliver\nprogrammes that benefit populations affected by the crisis, while also aiming to reinforce national systems and the provision of\npublic services that refugees and host communities alike rely on to meet their basic and urgent needs.\n\nWhile gaps remain, the 3RP response, implemented through its 270 partners, has contributed to: the enrolment of over 1.2 million\nchildren aged 5 to 17 in formal education; the award of 8,000 university scholarships to Syrian youth aged 18 years and above,\nvocational training and preparatory language courses; the provision of food assistance to over 2.3 million people; the engagement\nof over half a million individuals in community-led initiatives; and, the disbursement of emergency cash assistance to 450,000\nhouseholds, giving them the choice and dignity to spend the money according to their most pressing needs. Meanwhile, Members\nof the Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA)\u2019s country networks have been reinforcing awareness and trainings on\naddressing SEA.\n\nIn 2018, 3RP partners continue to focus on protection and realization of solutions for refugees. At the same time, building resilience,\nsustainability and local-engagement is integrated into all steps of programming. In that regard, innovations and positive developments\ncontinue to be recorded. In Jordan, following efforts by 3RP partners to establish the Jordan Compact, over 104,000 work permits\nhad been issued by June 2018 to Syrian refugees, enabling greater access to the labour market and stronger workplace protection.\nIn Turkey, Iraq and Egypt, efforts are also being made to increase Syrian refugees' access to national systems; for example, through\nintensive language training in Turkey to improve refugees\u2019 access to national services and the labour market.\n\nThe work of 3RP Partners would not have been possible without the extremely generous support of donors. Donor governments\ncontinue to provide an unprecedented level of financial support since the start of the Syria crisis, including USD 2.275 billion\ncontributed thus far in 2018 (both as part of the inter-agency appeal and multi-year commitments). In 2018, donors have been seen\nto increase the provision of multi-year funding, enabling partners to offer enhanced, longer-term and more predictable programming.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 PROGRESS REPORT**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2018-2019\n###### SELECTED REGIONAL SECTOR ACHIEVEMENTS\n\n\nFull inter-agency 3RP dashboards as of 30 June are available here: http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/3RP-Regional-Quarterly-Dashboards-June ~~-2018.pdf~~\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n**33,739**\n\n\n**72,077**\n\n\n**FOOD SECURITY**\n\n**2,332,690**\n\n\n**5,145**\n\n\n**EDUCATION**\n\n**1,202,905**\n\n\n\ngirls and boys who are receiving specialized child\nprotection services\n\npersons receiving Sexual and Gender-Based Violence\n(SGBV) response services\n\n\nindividuals who receive food assistance (cash, voucher\nor in-kind)\n\nindividuals receiving food & agricultural livelihoods\nsupport\n\n\nchildren (5-17 years, girls and boys) enrolled in formal\ngeneral education\n\n\n\n**1,345** [classrooms constructed, established or rehabilitated]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**BASIC NEEDS**\n\n**2,217,095**\n\n**38,628**\n\n\n\nindividuals receiving core relief items in-kind\n\n\nindividuals receiving unconditional, sector-specific or\nemergency cash assistance\n\n\n\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n\n**364,769**\n\n\n\npeople with access to adequate quantity of safe water\nthrough temporary provision\n\n\n\n**168,956** people with access to appropriate sanitation facilities\nand services\n\n\n\n**LIVELIHOODS & SOCIAL COHESION**\n\n\n\n**6,414**\n\n\n\nindividuals employed or self-employed, including short\nterm (cash for work and seasonal labour) and long term\nemployment\n\nindividuals supported to access to employment (training,\ninternships, job placement and language courses)\n\n\n\n**29,197**\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### OVERALL FUNDING\n\n**US$2.27 billion**\nTotal funding received\n\n\n\n\n\n**Funding received (% funded)** **Required**\n\n\n\nEgypt\n\n\nIraq\n\n\nJordan\n\n\nLebanon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- The 3RP total requirements for 2018 comprise up to USD 1.2 billion in multi-year funding, as well as the Inter-Agency Appeal of USD 4.4 billion reflecting the amount\nbeing requested by UN Agencies, INGOs and NGOs, within the 3RP country chapters and in support of the LCRP in Lebanon and JRP in Jordan.\n** At the country-level, some US$591 million in new funding has been recorded in Lebanon, as well as some US$327 million in carryover funding. The slight difference\nbetween regional and country level funding for Lebanon is due to several factors, including pooled funding received, recording of funding received by non-appealing\npartners, and information provided by Agencies at regional level.\n*** Total Requirements include some $165 million for regional-level activities.\n**** Total funds received includes over USD 1.1 million to support regional operations and to be allocated to the countries.\n***** All figures are in USD and all data was reported by agencies to Country Operations as of 30 June 2018.\n****** Figures may differ from country level, where some governments have established financial tracking with different criteria and definitions.\n\n###### SECTOR FUNDING\n\nof the USD 4.4 billion appeal, excluding multi-year funding\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PROTECTION
40% $534 M appeal
$251 M received|FOOD
SECURITY
45%
$754 M appeal
$344 M received|EDUCATION
28% $766 M appeal
$248 M received|HEALTH&
NUTRITION
39%
$342 M appeal
$141 M received|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**BASIC NEEDS**
**$766 M appeal**
**$837 M received**
53%|**SHELTER**
**$130 M appeal**
**$45 M received**
33%|**WASH**
**$289 M appeal**
**$60 M received**
19%|**LIVELIHOODS&**
**SOCIAL COHESION**
**$643 M appeal**
**$181 M received**
24%|\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 PROGRESS REPORT**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2018-2019\n\n\n###### CONSEQUENCES OF UNDERFUNDING\n\n3RP partners ask for urgent and enhanced donor support to avoid reductions or closures of key programmes in\nthe coming months. Examples of funding per sector across the region are outlined below. Early disbursement of\npledged funds, and flexible earmarking, are also important so money is used where and when it is needed most.\nWithout additional funding, there will be a tangible destabilizing impact on refugee families and communities: more\nchildren out of school; more urgent medical needs untreated; and missed chances for people to earn a living. More\n\nbroadly, host country fatigue and social tensions in communities across the region may grow.\n\n\n\n\n\n$51 million to help over 457,000\nSyrian refugees avoid plunging\ndeeper into poverty\n\nUnless USD 51 million is urgently received, cash\nassistance may be suspended to some 457,000\nvulnerable Syrian refugees across the region.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNRWA is facing unprecedented financial challenges in 2018, putting\nat risk the provision of vital assistance to vulnerable Palestinian refugees\naffected by the Syria crisis. Funding is needed urgently to maintain\nUNRWA\u2019s humanitarian operations for over 50,000 Palestinian refugees in\nJordan and Lebanon across a variety of programmes.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "world. At the end of June 2018, the number of Syrians under\ntemporary protection reached over 3.5 million. The Government\nof Turkey (GoT) continued to exemplify strong national\nownership and leadership of the refugee response. Continuous\nregistration of Syrian refugees and verification of registration\ndata is ongoing and Turkey continues to process admissions\neffectively.\n\n3RP Partners played a support role on the basis of the\nestablished national legal framework, supporting the GoT to\nsustainably include Syrians under temporary protection into\nnational systems and to provide Syrians access to national\nsystems such as health, education, employment, and social\nservices in line with the Temporary Protection Regulation.\nThis includes through the provision of human and financial\ncapacity and infrastructure support to relevant national and\nlocal Government institutions. Simultaneously, 3RP partners\ncontinued to work directly with the refugee population and host\ncommunities to increase mutual understanding and work with\nrefugees to enhance their language and vocational skills to\nfacilitate access to the labour market, increase self-reliance and\nreduce dependency on temporary assistance. For example,\nthe Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) has reached some\n1.36 million vulnerable refugee households over the first half\nof the year, with monitoring showing beneficiaries experiencing\nimproved food consumption levels and reduced use of negative\nlivelihoods coping strategies, including less debt.\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nRequirements **$1.744 billion**\n\n\nSELECTED ACHIEVEMENTS\n\nFull inter-agency 3RP dashboards for Turkey are available here:\nhttps://data2.unhcr.org/en/dataviz/38?sv=4&geo=113\n\n\nProtection\n\n**257,746** individuals benefiting from\nProtection Services in Community\nCentres\n\n\n\nFood Security\n\n\nreceiving food assistance within\nTemporary Accommodation\nCentres\n\nEducation\n\n**312,905** children supported by\ncash transfers\n\n\n\nHealth\n\n**256,096** primary health care\nconsultations received by\nrefugees and impacted host\ncommunity members\n\nBasic Needs\n\n**1,487,735** persons benefiting\nfrom cash based interventions\n\nLivelihoods\n\n\nidentified at risk benefiting\nfrom training (vocational and\nlanguage skills)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 PROGRESS REPORT**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2018-2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) targets 2.8 million\npersons for assistance in 2018. The LCRP 2017-2020 is a multiyear plan between the Government of Lebanon and 3RP partners\nto respond to challenges faced by the most vulnerable Syrian\nand Lebanese populations through integrated and mutually\nreinforcing humanitarian and stabilization interventions.\n\nThe protection situation of refugees in Lebanon remains\nprecarious as registration processes remain frozen and\nobtaining documentation is difficult for Syrians. Female-headed\nrefugee households are among the most vulnerable, faring\nworse than male-headed households on nearly every indicator\nof vulnerability, such as food insecurity, crisis and emergency\ncoping strategies, and poverty, and are less likely to have legal\nresidency. Girls are also disproportionally affected by child\nmarriage, with 22 per cent of girls aged 15-19 years being\nmarried.\n\nIn the first half of 2018 partners continued efforts to mitigate\ndeteriorating vulnerabilities. Following concerted advocacy\nand technical legal advice from LCRP partners, in March 2018,\nlate birth registration procedures were waived for Syrian and\nPRS children born in Lebanon between 1 January 2011 and 8\nFebruary 2018. This can potentially solve the situation of more\nthan 50,000 Syrian children, whose birth could previously only\nbe registered through costly and complex judicial procedures,\nand prevent them from potentially becoming stateless.\n\nDuring three international conferences in the first half of 2018\n(the Rome II Conference, the CEDRE Conference, and the\nBrussels II Conference), international donors and investors\npledged continued funding to support stability and economic\ndevelopment in Lebanon. The LCRP Monitoring and Evaluation\ncapacity is currently being expanded to include a monitoring\nmechanism for the various commitments made by stakeholders\nat the London, Brussels I and Brussels II conferences.\n\n\n*At the country-level, some US$591 million in new funding has been recorded in Lebanon, as well as some\nUS$327 million in carry-over funding. The slight difference between regional and country level funding for\nLebanon is due to several factors, including pooled funding received, recording of funding received by nonappealing partners, and information provided by Agencies at regional level.\n\n\n\nSELECTED ACHIEVEMENTS\n\nFull inter-agency 3RP dashboards for Lebanon are available here:\nhttps://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/65245\n\nProtection\n\n\ncounseling, legal assistance and\nlegal representation regarding civil\nregistration including birth registration,\nmarriage\n\n\n\nEducation\n\n**40,390** children & youth whose\nregistration fees for public formal\neducation are partially or fully\nsubsidized\n\nHealth\n\n**873,652** subsidized primary\nhealthcare consultations provided\n\nBasic Needs\n\n**90,312** households receiving multisector/purpose cash transfers\n(every month)\n\nShelter\n\n**19,133** of people benefiting from\nrehabilitation/upgrade/repair of\nsubstandard buildings into\nadequate shelters\n\nWASH\n\n\nwith improved access to an\nadequate quantity of safe water for\ndrinking and domestic use\n\nLivelihoods\n\n**2,069** vulnerable people working\non public infrastructure/\nenvironmental assets upgrading\n\n\n\nFood Security\n\n\nassistance using various modalities\n\n\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in Jordan. The Government of Jordan (GoJ) again extended a\nfee waiver for Syrian work permit applicants and exempt Syrians\nfrom foreign employment restrictions in the manufacturing\nsector, enabling more than 20,787 work permits to be issued or\nrenewed for refugees from 1 January \u2013 30 June 2018. Challenges\nremain however, regarding the support of Syrian Home Based\nBusiness interventions and the inconsistent application of labour\nlaws regulating movement of work permits between sectors. In\naddition, refugee access to healthcare was severely curtailed.\nA March 2018 regulatory change more than doubled the cost\nof healthcare for Syrian refugees. Nonetheless, the provision\nof essential primary, secondary and tertiary health services for\nrefugees has continued to be supported by partners wherever\npossible.\n\nThe transition from emergency to development continues, for\nexample with the connection of 50 per cent of Zaatari camp\nhouseholds to the camp wastewater network. The Ministry of\nEducation (MoE) has launched the Education Strategic Plan\n2018-2022 to improve access to quality formal and non-formal\neducation for all children in Jordan, a notable sign of progress\ntowards institutional strengthening and development. Despite\nan increase in access to education, further investments in\nteaching quality, infrastructure, disability access, and social\ninclusion are needed.\n\nMeanwhile, the launch of the National Plan to End Physical\nViolence Against Children in Jordan 2019-2021 was a significant\nachievement in 2018.\n\n\n8\n\n\n\nservices through specialized\nassistance and follow-up (i.e. via\nreferrals)\n\nFood Security\n\n\nfood assistance (cash, voucher,\nin-kind, in camps and in the host\ncommunity)\n\nEducation\n\n**130,668** Syrian children (boys and\ngirls) enrolled in public schools\n\n\n\nHealth\n\n**191,051** communicable disease\ncases managed\n\nBasic Needs\n\n**77,096** individuals assisted with\nbasic needs support in camps\n\n\n\nShelter\n\n**849** Jordanians and Syrian\nrefugees supported with short term\nemergency cash for rent\n\nWASH\n\n\naccess to an adequate quantity of\nsafe water through improved water\nsystems\n\nLivelihoods\n\n\nSyrian beneficiaries engaged in\nshort term self-reliance interventions\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 PROGRESS REPORT**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2018-2019\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSELECTED ACHIEVEMENTS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFull inter-agency 3RP dashboards for Iraq are available here:\n\n\n\n\n\nDespite a challenging national political climate, the protection\nsituation for Syrians in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I),\nwhere 97 per cent of them reside, remains positive and access\nto territory remains favourable. Some 21,714 refugees were\nprovided residency permits in the first half of 2018, providing\nthem greater freedom of movement, access to services, and\nlivelihoods opportunities.\n\nNonetheless, the economic situation in Iraq has continued to\ndeteriorate, negatively affecting the livelihoods opportunities\nof Iraqis and Syrians alike. Given the continued high levels of\npoverty amongst refugees in KR-I, access to healthcare, basic\nnecessities, and adequate shelter remain challenges, mainly for\nrefugees living outside camps. A lack of medicine remains the\nbiggest challenge to the provision of basic healthcare despite\n3RP partner interventions in this area. For refugee children in\nKR-I, access to education is a challenge \u2013 demonstrated by the\nfact that only 42 per cent of school aged children were enrolled\nin schools as of the spring of 2018. 3RP partners are building\ncapacity of government counterpart the Ministry of Labour\nand Social Affairs (MoLSA) in case management for the most\nvulnerable refugee children, and gradually handing over child\nprotection work.\n\nFostering community engagement is a critical part of ensuring that\ninterventions properly address beneficiaries\u2019 needs. Community\nOutreach Volunteers form an integral part of engagement with\nthe communities by identifying protection risks and sharing key\nmessages with communities, community leaders and authorities\non various issues.\n\nIn 2018, innovative programmes were piloted for sustainable\nlivelihoods interventions for Syrian refugees aimed at providing\nsmall business support as a resilience-building mechanism to\nmainstream social cohesion through engaging refugees, host\ncommunities and Iraqi IDPs.\n\n\n\nLivelihoods\n\n\nestablish or scale up businesses\n(micro-finance, small grants, etc)\n\n\n\n\n\nFood Security\n\n\nassistance on monthly bases (cash,\nvoucher or in-kind)\n\nEducation\n\n**6,483** children (5-17 years, girls and\nboys) enrolled formal education,\nand accredited non-formal and\ninformal education.\n\n\n\nFood Security\n\n\n\nEducation\n\n\n\nHealth\n\n**134,491** primary health care (PHC)\nconsultations\n\nBasic Needs\n\n**9,179** vulnerable households\nreceived Core Relief Items (CRI) as\nseasonal support (in-kind)\n\n\n\nHealth\n\n\n\nBasic Needs\n\n\n\nShelter\n\n**1,650** tents upgraded to more\ndurable shelter\n\n\n\nWASH\n\n\nthrough an improved water network,\nsystem or source (in camps)\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees and refugees of other nationalities. As of 30 June\n2018, Egypt hosts 129,737 Syrian refugees who mainly reside in\nthe urban areas of Cairo Governorate, Alexandria and Damietta.\nBetween January and June, 4,402 Syrians newly registered\nwith UNHCR, among them 102 unaccompanied or separated\nchildren (UASC).\n\nVulnerability levels of Syrian refugees in Egypt remain high. Data\nfrom the Egypt Vulnerability Assessment for Refugees (EVAR)\nconducted in 2017 shows that 85 per cent of the registered\nSyrian refugees are unable to meet their basic needs. The\nincrease of prices in gasoline and electricity in 2018 resulted\nin the acceleration of inflation, which further worsened the\nsituation. In the first half of 2018, a monthly average of 10,737\nSyrian households (44,513 individuals) were assisted with\nunconditional cash grants based on a range of protection and\nsocio-economic criteria. Every month, food assistance targeted\nan average of 77,500 vulnerable Syrian refugees and, since\nMay 2018, 10,000 Syrian and Egyptian Pregnant and Nursing\nMothers (PNM) are receiving food assistance in order to improve\ntheir nutrition intake.\n\n3RP partners continue to support national institutions to gradually\nimprove protection and service delivery aiming to complement\ngovernment efforts where necessary. Refugees are currently\nsupported in accessing national services in the education and\nhealth sectors. Nonetheless, investment in resilience activities\nwill further enhance the capacities of overburdened national\ninstitutions to provide adequate and quality services to higher\nnumbers of refugees as well as the Egyptian population.\n\n\n10\n\n\n\nRequirements **$139 million**\n\n\nSELECTED ACHIEVEMENTS\n\nFor full regional 3RP achievements and funding as of June 2018, please see the\n3RP 2018 Q2 dashboards here:\nhttp://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/3RP-RegionalQuarterly-Dashboards-June-2018.pdf\n\nProtection\n\n\nthrough community-led activities\non SGBV prevention and response\n\nFood Security\n\n\nwith food vouchers every month\n\nEducation\n\n**39,734** boys and girls (3-17yrs)\nsupported to enroll in education\nthrough the receipt of education\ngrants\n\nHealth\n\n**63,677** acute primary health care\nconsultations provided to Syrian\nrefugees\n\nBasic Needs\n\n**11,375** vulnerable Syrian refugee\nhouseholds have received cash\nassistance on a monthly basis\n\nLivelihoods\n\n\nto self-employment\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Egypt Vulnerability Assessment for Refugees", - "confidence": 0.981942355632782, - "start": 73, - "end": 78 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "EVAR", - "confidence": 0.9363104104995728, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Egypt", - "confidence": 0.9211809635162354, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9563309550285339, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9793787598609924, - "start": 83, - "end": 84 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9480225443840027, - "start": 18, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "3RP 2018 Q2 dashboards", - "confidence": 0.9854674339294434, - "start": 305, - "end": 309 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9036189317703247, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9666162729263306, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2018 PROGRESS REPORT**\nRegional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2018-2019\n\n###### DONORS\n\nThe work of 3RP partners would not have been possible without the extremely generous support of Donors. The following\ncontributors during 2018 are gratefully acknowledged. 3RP Partners are also grateful to private donors, charities and other\norganizations for their contributions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 2018 Progress Report\n\n**Design Credit:**\nUNHCR/Samar Fayed\nUNDP/Seema Huneidi\n\n**Cover Photo Credits:**\nUNHCR/ALEJANDRO STALLER\n\n\n**For further information:**\nhttp://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/\n\n\nhttps://www.facebook.com/3RPSyria/\n\n@3RPSyria\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/92b6b916-7e64-35d1-afe5-b56fbde30e3c/3RP-2018-Progress-Report-Jan-June-2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_800/raw/doc_800_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_800/raw/doc_800_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 85e402364646350f8413f7e48472d908c6aed9c7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_800/raw/doc_800_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Observation checklists:** A total of 127 observation\nchecklists in 27 neighborhoods were completed. 18\nchecklists were completed by female observers and\n109 were completed by male observers.\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n_**Background and Objectives**_\n\n\nThis monitoring exercise was conducted from 24 to 26\nOctober 2016 and builds on the first Aleppo Rapid\nProtection Assessment conducted in August 2016. The\nmonitoring aims to provide a snapshot of the\nprotection environment for the 270,000 civilians living\nin East Aleppo city. Respondents and observers were\nasked to focus on the time period of three weeks prior\nto the data collection.\n\n\n_**Methodology**_\nA total of 398 individual interviews with members of\nthe East Aleppo community (not just key informants),\nand 127 observation checklists, filled out by\nhumanitarian workers, were used for the data\ncollection.\n**Individual interviews** : Interviews were conducted in 29\nof the 64 neighborhoods of East Aleppo City, over the\ncourse of three days, from October 24 to 26, 2016. It\nshould be noted that a large number of Aleppo\u2019s\nneighborhoods are no longer inhabited, due to the\nviolence and destruction of buildings and civilian\ninfrastructure. A total of 6 NGO partners participated\nin the collection of data.\n255 of the interviews (64%) were conducted by male\ninterviewers, while 143 (36%) were conducted by\nfemale interviewers. Data on the age, gender, and\ncommunity status of interviewees was recorded for\n318 cases. Of this subset of 318 people, 10 (3.1%) are\nrecorded as having disabilities (8 males and 2 females).\nNot all six organizations asked all questions. In\nparticular, one actor conducted a total 70 interviews\nusing an abbreviated version due to the organization\u2019s\ncapacity and area of specialization. The results of each\nquestion are presented in this document as\n\n\n\npercentages, with the number of respondents asked\nreferenced in the results of each answer.\nThe subset of 318 individuals for which such\n\n\n_The age-gender breakdown is based on 322 of 397_\n_interviews for which this information was recorded. 142_\n_(45%) female and 176 (55%) male._\n\n\ninformation was recorded included 65 female heads of\nhousehold, 41 teachers (21 male / 20 female), 28 social\nor humanitarian workers (34 male / 9 female), 21\nmedical professionals (17 male / 8 female), 19 religious\nleaders (male), 6 community leaders (5 male / 1\nfemale), 4 IDP representatives (3 male / 1 female), and\n118 other members of the community.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Observation checklists", - "confidence": 0.9022465944290161, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Aleppo city", - "confidence": 0.8668478727340698, - "start": 88, - "end": 91 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9046725630760193, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5194761753082275, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Aleppo Rapid\nProtection Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7935360670089722, - "start": 60, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "snapshot of the\nprotection environment", - "confidence": 0.7534568905830383, - "start": 75, - "end": 80 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Aleppo city", - "confidence": 0.8868775963783264, - "start": 88, - "end": 91 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8023743033409119, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5896483063697815, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Individual interviews", - "confidence": 0.9252314567565918, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Aleppo City", - "confidence": 0.8953518867492676, - "start": 174, - "end": 177 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7382230758666992, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewees", - "confidence": 0.6817187666893005, - "start": 273, - "end": 274 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.8253128528594971, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7017071843147278, - "start": 358, - "end": 359 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**1. Prevalence of Protection Risks**_\n\n\nRespondents noted the physical threat of aerial\nbombardment as the most prevalent protection risk,\nfollowed by forced displacement within the city, child\nlabour, domestic violence, and tension between host\nand displaced communities; each affecting men,\nwomen, boys, and girls, according to the accompanying\ngraph. Forced displacement due to aerial\nbombardment is common. Interviewees explained\nthat sometimes men remain to protect the property,\nwhile women and children flee. In addition to the\nconcerns in the graph on the right, respondents\nmentioned the psychological pressure and fear for the\nfuture that result from the increasingly frequent\nbombardment and the forced blockade.\n\n\n_**2. Issues affecting use of housing, land, and**_\n_**property (HLP)**_\n\nWhen asked to name the top 3 HLP issues noticed in\nthe last three weeks, 98% of 325 respondents named\nat least one concern. 82% said that there had been\ndamage to land or property in the last three weeks\n(including contamination by explosive hazards to\nprivate property). 44% cited looting of private\nproperty, and 31% cited the unlawful occupation of\nproperty. 14% noted the lack of access to housing\nbecause of lack of means to afford it. 10% noted\nlandlord/tenant disputes and 4% noted eviction. 6%\nnoted that lack of access to housing due to lack of\navailability. 3% noted lack of housing due to loss of\ndocuments and 1% cited lack of clarity in the rules and\nprocesses for housing and land. Within homes, it was\nnoted that some people are destroying household\nfurniture in order to start fires for cooking.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Observation checklists**_\n\nThe below are answers submitted by humanitarian\nactors on using an observation checklist which they\ncompleted while visiting 27 different neighborhoods in\nEast Aleppo city. A total of 127 checklists were filled.\n\n\n93 of the 127 of the observation checklists noted signs\nof persons being scared or in psychological distress in\nthe neighborhoods they visited.\n\n\nThere appeared to be no visible signs observed of\ntension between displaced and non-displaced\npopulations in the neighborhoods visited. Only 3 of the\n127 checklists noted any obvious signs of tension.\n\n\n\n17 answers noted that elderly persons were not seen\nin public places, while 25 noted persons with\ndisabilities were not seen in public places. A total of 62\nanswers noted that religious/ethnic minorities are not\nvisible in public places.\n\n\nA total of 19 noted that they observed children under\n18 who appeared to be associated with armed groups\nin the neighborhoods they visited.\n\n\n\n67 checklists indicated care arrangements for\nseparated and unaccompanied minors in\nneighborhoods visited.\n\n\nThere appeared to be no significant barriers to\nmovement such as checkpoints in the neighborhoods\nvisited.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Observation checklists", - "confidence": 0.9768674373626709, - "start": 3, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "humanitarian\nactors", - "confidence": 0.8322234749794006, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "East Aleppo city", - "confidence": 0.9466279745101929, - "start": 30, - "end": 33 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "113 of the answers noted signs of individuals being\nmourned in the neighborhoods visited.\n\nChart 1\n\n\n\nChart 2\n\n\n\nSignificant damage to infrastructure used by civilians has been noted across all neighborhoods visited.\n\n\n\nThe comments in the observation checklists noted the below information:\n\n\n\nChart 3\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c2f0d697-3078-3612-b6dd-f39acc601782/final_draft_east_aleppo_protection_monitoring_-_november_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_801/raw/doc_801_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_801/raw/doc_801_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 00f7cae7b1e6ea98ed4fdd90223fd1d8f0aca354..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_801/raw/doc_801_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# The Domestication of the Kampala Convention in Mozambique: Workshop Report\n\n## Maputo, 22-24 November Final Report\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n### **1. Workshop Overview**\n\n\n1.1 Background and objectives\nMozambique has been affected by internal displacement due to multiple causes, primarily disasters\nand armed conflicts. Depending on the cause and duration of displacement, internally displaced\npersons (hereinafter, IDPs) in Mozambique may have different needs. In the northern province of\nCabo Delgado, IDPs are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance to fulfil their basic\nnecessities for food, drinkable water, shelter and access to health services. Yet, thousands of people\nhave struggled to access humanitarian assistance. At the same time, where possible, interventions\naimed at supporting durable solutions for IDPs play a pivotal role in reducing their specific needs\nand human rights concerns, which do not end when the conflict or a disaster is over. IDPs face\nmajor challenges in relation to the security of tenure of their housing and land, access to\ndocumentation without returning to their place of origin, and the securing of livelihoods through\nincome-generating activities. In many instances, host communities have also been adversely\naffected by internal displacement, which triggered multiple challenges to the availability of their\nalready meagre resources and the absorption capacity of their precarious services, placed under\nsignificant pressure.\n\n\nIn this regard, in 2017 Mozambique ratified the African Union Convention for the Protection and\nAssistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (hereinafter referred to as the Kampala\nConvention), the world\u2019s only legally binding regional instrument on internal displacement that\nprovides for a comprehensive legal framework defining how existing legal obligations should be\ninterpreted and implemented at a national level.\n\n\nFurther to that, Mozambique has taken several measures to strengthen its legal and policy\nframework on internal displacement, starting with instruments addressing displacement in the\ncontext of disasters. Indeed, displacement represents a consequence and also a driver of disaster\nrisk, with severe consequences being caused when \u201cpeople are displaced [and forced] to flee their\nhomes or places of habitual residence as a result of, or in order to, avoid the effects of a disaster\u201d.1\nAmong the most important instruments adopted, Law no. 10/2020 on Disaster Risk Management\nand Reduction establishes the legal regime for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction in the\nfollowing sectors: risk reduction, disaster management, sustainable recovery for the construction of\nhuman, infrastructural and ecosystem resilience, as well as the adaptation to climate change; while\nDecree no. 76/2020 approves the Regulation of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act\nestablishing the rules and procedures for implementing Law no. 10/2020.\n\n\nMore recently, the Government adopted Resolution no. 42/2021 approving the Policy and Strategy\nfor the Management of Internally Displaced Persons (hereinafter, the Policy and Strategy). The\nMatrix of Actions included in the Policy and Strategy articulates the division of roles and\nresponsibilities between central and local authorities, and identifies coordination mechanisms to\nprevent displacement as well as to prepare and respond to displacement.\n\n\n**1.** UNECA, _Disaster Displacement in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reductions: Implications for Inclusive Growth in Africa_, Policy Brief, 2022.\nAvailable at: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/Events/Disaster-risk Reduction/Policy%20Brief%201%20SFDRR%20_Displacement%2008022022.pdf.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\nThe adoption of the Policy and Strategy represents an essential step in the process of domestication\nof the Kampala Convention, and concrete efforts towards the implementation of this framework\nhave been taken.\n\n\nAt the same time, Mozambique expressed its intention to explore further measures that could be\ntaken to incorporate the Convention into its domestic legislation, either through the development\nand adoption of a stand-alone displacement-specific instrument or the amendment of already\nexisting laws and regulations. Indeed, the adoption of a sound national framework on internal\ndisplacement will help to tailor responses to specific displacement situations in Mozambique, and\nensure IDPs\u2019 specific needs are addressed.\nFollowing the participation of the National Delegation composed of representatives of the\nGovernment (MJCR and INGD) and the Assembly of the Republic to the Cross-Regional Forum on\nthe Implementation of Laws and Policies on Internal Displacement held in Sanremo (IT) on June\n2023, the Government of Mozambique decided to organize a workshop to discuss and reflect on\napproaches to strengthen and incorporate the Kampala Convention into the national legal and policy\nframework on internal displacement in Mozambique. More specifically, the workshop aimed at:\n\nExamining the Kampala Convention and its obligations, as well as the minimum essential\nelements of state regulation in relation to protection and solutions for IDPs;\nPresenting the current status of the protection of IDPs in Mozambique\u2019s legal and policy\nframework; and\nReflecting and agreeing on approaches to strengthen it.\n\n\n\nThe workshop was held in Maputo from 22 to 24 November 2023, and it was organized by the\nGovernment of Mozambique in partnership with UNHCR and the International Institute ofThis is the description of the photo below.\nHumanitarian Law. It followed the conclusion of the mission of the Special Rapporteur of the United\nNations on Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, Paula Gaviria Betancur, who made an\nofficial visit to Mozambique from 9 to 21 November 2023.\nThe lead facilitators were Dr. Chaloka Beyani, Associate Professor of International Law in the Law\nDepartment at the London School of Economics (LSE), former Special Rapporteur of the United\n\n1\n\nNations on Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons and drafter of the Kampala Convention,\nand Ms. Martina Caterina, UNHCR Legal Officer and chair of the Global Protection Cluster Task\nTeam on Law and Policy.\n\n\n\nThis is the description of the photo below.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n1.2. Opening remarks\n\n\nThe Workshop was opened with interventions by:\n\nHis Excellency Ahmed Baba Fall, Representative, United Nations High Commissioner for\nRefugees;\nHer Excellency Dr. Catherine Sozi, Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, United\nNations;\nHis Excellency Dr. Chaloka Beyani, Former Special Rapporteur of the United Nations on Human\nRights of Internally Displaced Persons;\nHis Excellency Lu\u00eds Bitone, President of the National Human Rights Commission;\nHis Excellency Ant\u00f4nio Supeia, Secretary of State of the Cabo Delgado province;\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n\nHis Excellency Ant\u00f3nio Boene, President of the First Commission of Constitutional Affairs, Human\nRights and Legality of the Assembly of the Republic;\nHis Excellency Gabriel Monteiro, Vice-president, National Institute for Disaster Risk Management\nand Reduction;\nHis Excellency Justino Ernesto Tonela, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Justice and\nConstitutional and Religious Affairs of Mozambique.\n\n\nIn this context, both His Excellency Justino Ernesto Tonela and His Excellency Gabriel Monteiro\nreaffirmed the commitment of the Government to enhance the national framework applicable to\ninternal displacement and ensure its alignment with international and regional standards, with the\nultimate aim of ensuring protection and assistance to internally displaced persons until a durable\nsolution is achieved.\n\n\nThe UN Resident Coordinator and UNHCR Representative welcomed this initiative and expressed\ntheir commitment to supporting the efforts of the Government to domesticate the Kampala\nConvention in Mozambique.\n\n\nDr. Beyani opened by clearly stating that having been ratified, the Kampala Convention already clearly\napplies in Mozambique. However, the event would be a pivotal opportunity to discuss to what extent\nand how it applies in the Country, and what legislative measures are necessary to ensure the full\nincorporation of the Convention into national legislation.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\n1.3. Workshop sessions\n\n\nThe workshop was an opportunity to present and reflect applicable international and regional\nframework on internal displacement, with a focus on the Kampala Convention, and to learn from the\nexperiences of other countries in developing and implementing IDP laws and policies.\n\n\nThroughout the sessions, participants had a chance to consider how the current domestic regime of\nMozambique protects IDPs, by looking at good practices and challenges faced by the different\nstakeholders in preventing, addressing and resolving internal displacement.\n\n\nBelow is a short summary of the content of each of the workshop sessions.\n\n\n_**Setting the scene:**_ The first session of the workshop was facilitated by INGD and provided a\ncomprehensive overview of the national displacement context and the IDP response at the national\nand local level. It highlighted that internal displacement in Mozambique is caused by a variety of\nfactors, primarily natural disasters and armed conflicts.\n\n\n2\n\nAccording to the Climate Risk Index, it is the fifth most affected country in the world by climaterelated disasters, mainly due to its geography and location, and is frequently exposed to floods,\ncyclones and droughts.\n\n\nIn addition to that, since 2017 the country has experienced the progressive deterioration of the\nhumanitarian situation in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, which caused large-scale internal\ndisplacement mainly due to insecurity and violence perpetrated by Non-State Armed Groups\n(NSAGs).\nAs of October 2023, over 850,000 people, with the majority women and children, have been3\ndisplaced, whereas 571,468 internally displaced persons, had voluntarily returned to their areas of\norigin.\n\n\nThe major risks and challenges faced by internally displaced persons, host communities and returnees\nin the country are mostly related to food insecurity, destruction of civilian infrastructure and basic\nstructures (such as health care and education), lack of civil documentation, loss of livelihood\nopportunities and property, and human rights and international humanitarian law violations which in\nturn further exacerbate underlying structural vulnerabilities.\n\n\nIn this regard, the Government presented the Annual Contingency Plan and the interventions\nforeseen to provide protection and assistance to affected populations, including (but not limited to)\nfood assistance, delivery of non-food items and dignity kits, and provision of shelters and\nrehabilitation of damaged infrastructures.\n\n\n**2.** D. Eckstein, V. K\u00fcnzel, L. Sch\u00e4fer, Global Climate Risk Index 2021, Germanwatch e.V., January 2021. Available at: [Eckstein, V. K\u00fcnzel, L. Sch\u00e4fer,](https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202021_1.pdf)\nGlobal Climate Risk Index 2021, [Germanwatch](https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202021_1.pdf) e.V., January 2021. Available at:\n[https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202021_1.pdf. .](https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202021_1.pdf)\n**3.** International Organization for Migration (IOM), DTM Mozambique - Mobility Tracking Assessment Public Dataset - Round 19, September 11, 2023,\nIOM, Southern Africa.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Climate Risk Index", - "confidence": 0.9989427924156189, - "start": 175, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.971662163734436, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9255845546722412, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6196364760398865, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.9364496469497681, - "start": 284, - "end": 287 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Climate Risk Index", - "confidence": 0.7537274360656738, - "start": 469, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Germanwatch", - "confidence": 0.7683966755867004, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.6500529050827026, - "start": 530, - "end": 532 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9593262672424316, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8739688992500305, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mobility Tracking Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7593480944633484, - "start": 514, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southern Africa", - "confidence": 0.7724860310554504, - "start": 530, - "end": 532 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6496825814247131, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n\n_**International and regional frameworks for the protection of IDPs**_ : Dr. Chaloka Beyani delivered the\nsecond session of the Workshop, where he laid the foundation for a more thorough analysis of the\nresponsibilities of a country towards IDPs, considering international and regional standards on\ninternal displacement, with a specific focus on the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and\nthe Kampala Convention.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn particular, he stressed that such standards establish the essence of states\u2019 responsibilities towards\nIDPs and are key references for states\u2019 responses to address IDPs\u2019 protection and assistance needs.\n\n\nDr. Beyani clarified that responsibilities of States Parties to the Kampala Convention descend from\ninternational human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international refugee law by\nanalogy and that the Convention is a pioneering and forward-looking instrument, which should be\nseen as a standard-setting international instrument of regional scope on how to provide protection\nand assistance as well as durable solutions for IDPs throughout the continent of Africa.\n\n\nThe Convention covers all causes and all phases of internal displacement, and also addresses other\nimportant issues, including in relation to the institutional frameworks.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\nFor example, it requires State Parties to designate an authority or body for coordinating protection\nand assistance for IDPs. Dr. Beyani further highlighted that responding to internal displacement is a\nshared responsibility among multiple ministries and agencies within a State, and a coherent wholeof-government approach to IDPs is needed.\nThe Convention also clearly states what is expected from State Parties in order to comply with its\nprovisions by translating the human rights of IDPs directly into the responsibilities of the States\nParties. Dr. Beyani stressed that, to comply with the obligation to domesticate the Convention and\nadopt a cohesive State framework for addressing internal displacement, Mozambique should take\nconcrete measures to strengthen its legal framework in line with Article 3(2) of the Convention\nwhich states that \u201cStates Parties shall: a) Incorporate their obligations under this Convention into\ndomestic law by enacting or amending relevant legislation on the protection of, and assistance to,\nIDPs in conformity with their obligations under international law [...]\u201d. As Dr. Beyani clarified,\n\u201cintervening on the legislation to domesticate the Convention is an obligation [for States that ratified\nit] and not a choice\u201d.\n\n\n\n_**Durable solutions:**_ During this session facilitated by Ms. Caterina, the IASC Framework on Durable\nSolutions for Internally Displaced Persons applicable to durable solutions was presented. In line with4\nthe IASC Framework, IDPs achieve a durable solution \u201cwhen they no longer have displacementspecific needs and they can enjoy their rights without discrimination on account of their\ndisplacement\u201d. According to the rights-based approach of the IASC Framework, a mere physical5\nmovement does not on its own constitute a durable solution. Durable solutions are above all about\nthe restoration of rights for IDPs, outlined as eight criteria that can be used \u201cto determine the extent\nto which a durable solution has been achieved\u201d. In general, IDPs who have achieved a durable\nsolution should be able to enjoy without discrimination:\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\nLong-term safety, security and freedom of movement;\nAn adequate standard of living, including at a minimum access to adequate food, water, housing,\nhealth care and basic education;\nAccess to employment and livelihoods;\nAccess to effective mechanisms that restore their housing, land and property or provide them\nwith compensation;\nAccess to and replacement of personal and other documentation;\nVoluntary reunification with family members separated during displacement;\nParticipation in public affairs at all levels on an equal basis with the resident population;\nEffective remedies for displacement-related violations, including access to justice, reparations\nand information about the causes of violations.\n\n\n\nMs. Caterina highlighted that the Guiding Principles emphasize that \u201cthe primary duty and\nresponsibility to establish conditions, as well as provide the means which allow internally displaced\npersons to return voluntarily, in safety and with dignity, to their homes or places of habitual\nresidence, or to resettle voluntarily in another part of the country\u2019 lies with the authorities of\n\n7\n\naffected countries\u201d, thus stressing that national sovereignty means that the primary responsibility for\naddressing internal displacement until a solution is achieved lies with the government.\n\n\n**4.** Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, _IASC_ _Framework_ _on_ _Durable_ _Solutions_ _for_ _IDPs_, April 2010. Available at:\n[https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5149312.html.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5149312.html)\n**5\ufeff.** _Ivi_, p. 5.\n**6** \ufeff. _Ivi_, p. 1.\n**7** . UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Principle 28.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n\nThe Kampala Convention contains more specific provisions on durable solutions: Article 11 obliges\nStates Parties to \u201cseek lasting solutions\u201d through three different options, which are \u201cvoluntary return,\nlocal integration or relocation on a sustainable basis and in circumstances of safety and dignity\u201d.\nAccording to the same Article, States are obliged to \u201cenable internally displaced persons to make a8\nfree and informed choice on whether to return, integrate locally or relocate by consulting them on\nthese and other options and ensuring their participation in finding sustainable solutions\u201d. In addition,\nmany other provisions of the Kampala Convention are relevant as they all contribute to the\nenjoyment of rights required to achieve a durable solution, as described above under the IASC\nframework.\nWorkshop participants were then asked to reflect on the practical application of these provisions\nthrough a group exercise. During the plenary discussion, participants agreed that the specific needs\nand human rights concerns of IDPs do not automatically disappear when a conflict or natural\ndisaster ends and that the achievement of a durable solution for IDPs requires multi-disciplinary,\ncomprehensive approaches and operating at multiple levels at the same time: normative level\n(through the development of IDP-specific frameworks as well as through the inclusion of\ndisplacement in other relevant frameworks, particularly those on development, land, disaster and\nclimate change); institutional level (clarifying responsibilities and coordination mechanisms across\ngovernment entities to ensure effective whole-of-government approaches to solutions) and\noperational level (implementing area-based, comprehensive, government-led and community-driven\nprogrammes).\n\n\n_**The implementation of the Kampala Convention:**_ This interactive session gave participants the\nopportunity to work in groups on fictitious case studies and scenarios and use the Kampala\nConvention as a guiding tool to reflect on key IDP issues, in relation to protection and assistance,\nprevention of arbitrary displacement as well as achievement of durable solutions.\n\n\n\nIn plenary, it was stressed that the adoption of a normative framework on internal displacement\nrepresents a pivotal first step to address the phenomenon but ultimately, what matters is their\nimplementation, which represents a challenge in many country contexts. Implementation may be\nhampered by a variety of issues, including \u201ca lack of state capacity, a lack of political will, or the\nexistence of domestic opposition\u201d which can materialize in \u201climited technical, financial and human9\nresources; lack of awareness of applicable frameworks; insufficient budget allocations; limited\ncommitment; shifting political dynamics; staff attrition and turnover; lack of harmonization between\nnational and local frameworks; and limited monitoring, evaluation and accountability mechanisms\u201d.10\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\nParticipants agreed that fulfilling a country\u2019s responsibility to protect and assist IDPs is an important\nway for a government to demonstrate and exercise its sovereignty. Looking at the context of\nMozambique, they highlighted that the effective implementation of national instruments addressing\ninternal displacement requires harmonisation and coordination of efforts among different authorities\nresponsible for specific sectoral legal, policy and programmatic interventions. They also highlighted\nthe importance of continuous advocacy for the implementation of existing legal and policy\nframeworks, and increased awareness-raising and capacity-building efforts around international and\nregional standards, including the Kampala Convention, to ensure that different stakeholders (e.g.,\nlegal and judicial actors) become familiar with them and can use them in their day-to-day work.\n\n\n**8.** Kampala Convention, Article 11.\n**9.** UNHCR and GPC Task Team on Law and Policy, _Global Report on Law and Policy on Internal Displacement: Implementing National Responsibility_, 2022, p.\n18. Available at: https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/810/reports/report/global-report-law-and-policy-internal-displacementimplementing.\n**10.** _Ibidem_ .\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\n_**The current status of the protection of IDPs in the national legal and policy framework:**_ This session\nwas led by the Ministry of Justice and INGD.\n\n\nThe former provided an overview of the national legal regime and the relationship between\ninternational law and domestic law as well as the steps undertaken so far in the process of\ndomestication of the Kampala Convention. Mozambique is a monist country, where the national and\ninternational legal regimes form a unity.\n\n\nAs per the ratification process outlined in Article 178 of the Constitution, Mozambique has ratified\nthe Kampala Convention through Resolution no. 21/2017, of 28 December 2017, and therefore\nmade it directly applicable to its domestic legal regime.\n\n\nHowever, the domestication of the Kampala Convention through law is still required for two main\nreasons:\n\nArticle 3 (2) of the Kampala Convention sets out the obligation for States Parties to incorporate\nits provisions into domestic law by enacting or amending relevant legislation;\nAs clearly pointed out by Dr. Chaloka Beyani, responding to internal displacement \u201calmost\nalways requires a solid enabling legislative and policy framework\u201d and the existing law and policy\nframework might \u201chinder the ability of internally displaced persons to realize their rights or might\nnot ensure that the specific assistance and protection needs of displaced persons are met\u201d.11\n\n\nIndeed, while constitutions and national legislation are applicable in situations of internal\ndisplacement, and IDPs are entitled to protection under these laws, legislation that is general in\nscope often fails to address their specific needs and vulnerabilities. Such legislation is not drafted in\ntimes of humanitarian crisis with displacement in mind; in some cases, existing laws may even have\ndetrimental effects on IDPs\u2019 enjoyment of their rights.\n\n\nWhile, in most cases, amendments to existing laws and regulations with legal force will be legally\nbinding and have the advantage of automatically involving all relevant ministries as they are primarily\nresponsible for the amendment of regulations under their remit, there are also certain risks involved\nwith this approach.\n\n\nCertain gaps may remain unaddressed, and the risk of uncoordinated activities or lack of\ncooperation between relevant ministries and other government entities may remain unaddressed.\nThe advantages of a single integrated instrument that covers all matters related to internal\ndisplacement and cuts across all relevant areas that require regulation include the fact that it allows\nthe particular circumstances of a country\u2019s displacement situation to be addressed in a\ncomprehensive and consistent manner; it reduces the risk of unaddressed protection gaps, and it is\neasier to monitor implementation.\n\n\nIn the second part of the session, INGD presented in detail the Policy and Strategy for the\nManagement of Internally Displaced Persons, focusing on its content as well as operationalization.\nThe Policy and Strategy was part of the Government\u2019s efforts in enhancing its policy framework for\nthe management of disaster risks in line with the Sendai Framework and\ufeff represented a first\nimportant step in the domestication process of the Kampala Convention.\n\n\n**11** . Chaloka Beyani, _A View from Inside the Kitchen of the Kampala Convention: The Modernisation of the International Legal Regime for the Protection of_\n_Internally Displaced Persons_, LSE Legal Studies Working Paper No. 17/2020, p. 7. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?\nabstract_id=3736788.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n\nIndeed, the Policy and Strategy addresses all phases of displacement, from prevention to response,\nincluding building resilience of affected communities and achievement of a durable solution for\ninternally displaced persons.\n\n\nFollowing the entry into force of the Policy and Strategy, the Government adopted a three-year\nAction Plan for its implementation, which comprises awareness-raising and capacity building\nactivities for a variety of stakeholders, including local DRR committees, the enhancement of early\nwarning systems, as well as the adoption of a more resilient and sustainable model of shelters.\n\n\nThis was followed by a discussion facilitated by the ICRC on some lessons learnt resulting from the\nimplementation of the Policy and Strategy over the past two years, which are:\n\nThe need for strengthening a whole-of-government approach in preventing and responding to\ninternal displacement, and ensuring effective coordination among the institutions at all levels of\ngovernment. Building on the Matrix of Actions, the division of roles and responsibilities between\ncentral and local authorities should be articulated more;\n\u00b7The importance of adopting legal provisions in order to prohibit all forms of arbitrary\ndisplacement, including the instances foreseen under the Convention, and criminalize acts of\narbitrary displacement amounting to war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide in\naccordance with the Kampala Convention and other provisions of international law and law;\n\u00b7The need for establishing a compensation system for people displaced for reasons other than\nnational interest projects.\n\n\n_**Understanding of a national legal framework for addressing internal displacement:**_ The objective of\nthe session was to engage participants in the analysis of real samples of IDP laws and policies\nadopted by other countries, namely: Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and South Sudan; and to\npresent the key minimum essential elements of state regulation on internal displacement, including:12\nprevention of arbitrary displacement, institutional arrangements for an effective IDP response (with\na focus on role and responsibilities of the national focal point as well as of other line ministries and\nlocal governments), coordination mechanisms, funding, and durable solutions for IDPs.\n\n\nThese essential elements represent a minimum standard and should be part of IDP instruments\nregardless of available resources.13\n\n\nThis comparative exercise provided an opportunity to look at different ways in which such essential\nissues have been addressed in various national (legal or policy) frameworks on internal displacement,\nand how they have been adapted to the different displacement contexts.\n\n\nThe key message from the session was that an IDP law or policy in line with international standards\nshould address the above-mentioned minimum set of essential elements that are fundamental for an\neffective response, but that discussions bringing together relevant stakeholders from the national\nand sub-national levels (e.g. Parliament, different Ministries, local authorities, UN agencies, INGOs,\nlocal NGOs and CSOs, National Human Rights Commission, donors, development actors, and IDPs\n\n\n**12.** Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, _Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for Law and Policymakers_, October 2008.\n**13.** _Ivi_, p. 68.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\nthemselves) are needed in order to jointly agreed on how these elements should be adapted to the\nnational context in Mozambique. Indeed, a highly consultative process to develop a national\ninstrument is as important as the outcome because it will shape its content and prospects for its\nsuccessful implementation.\n\n\nThe discussion also highlighted that normative frameworks on internal displacement can therefore\nbe a precondition for concrete operational achievements. They facilitate domestic and international\ncooperation and coordination, and boost the reliability and credibility of government responses to\nIDPs.\n\n\nThe session was also an opportunity to discuss the benefits of having a law in addition to a policy\nand highlighted how, in many countries, developing and adopting an IDP policy was a first step\ntaken paving the way for a subsequently-adopted IDP law (as it happened in Nigeria, Kenya and\nSomalia, among other countries).\n\n\nDr. Beyani highlighted that, if not written down, agreements (including peace agreements, for\nexample) are not necessarily implemented. Laws and policies are not mutually exclusive, but they\nreinforce each other. They both have strengths and merits and should not be played against each\nother. Policies may be disregarded by a subsequent government, or disappear over time (as\nhappened in Afghanistan), while this is more difficult with a law. Legislation also entails budget\nresponsibilities, which is essential, because international experience shows that IDP-related\ninstitutions are often the least funded and the first ones to be cut.\n\n\n_**Compar\ufeffative approaches for strengthening the national legal and policy framework in line with the**_\n_**Kampala Convention:**_ The experience of Somalia in domesticating the Kampala Convention was\nshared in this session, where Dr. Samatar Liban, Senior Durable Solutions Advisor of the National\nCommission for Refugees and IDPs of Somalia intervened online.\n\n\nDr. Liban shared insights on the participatory process that was carried out in Somalia to develop the\nIDP law in order to domesticate the Kampala Convention (recently adopted by Cabinet) and on the\nreasons why developing a law was important despite the fact that the IDP policy was adopted in\n2022. In addition, he shared some of the challenges the country faced in implementing the Kampala\nConvention, particularly in coordinating the different stakeholders involved and in identifying\nbudgetary allocations.\n\n\n\nLaws, policies, regulations and action plans on internal displacement are not mutually exclusive but\nrather, they can be complementary to each other. Indeed, very often, policies and strategies are\nadopted to implement and operationalize an IDP law, whereas in other instances, policies and action\nplans are adopted in the absence of a national stand-alone IDP framework which usually takes\nlonger to get approved, hence they represent \u201ca useful tool to pave the way for a legal framework\u201d\n(as it happened in Somalia, and in many other countries including Nigeria and Kenya). However,\nhaving a legal framework in place \u201callows the particular circumstances of a country\u2019s displacement\nsituation to be addressed in a comprehensive and consistent manner [and] reduces the risk of\nunaddressed protection gaps\u201d, and ensures that IDP rights can be protected and upheld by a court15\nof law.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n\n**14.** UNHCR and GPC Task Team on Law and Policy, _Global Report on Law and Policy on Internal Displacement: Implementing National Responsibility,_ 2022,\np. 17.\n**15.** Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (NRC/IDMC), _National Instruments on Internal Displacement: A Guide to their_\n_Development_, August 2013, p. 33. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5242d02d4.htmlvailable at:\nhttps://www.refworld.org/docid/5242d02d4.html.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n\nFurthermore, Dr. Liban added that the existence of a solid legal framework on internal displacement\nwith clear provisions on funding, as well as the allocation of some funds from the State budget to\nthe response, have been pivotal to be able to receive financial support from international donors.\n\n\nHe also stressed that engaging a wide array of actors during the process of domestication of the\nKampala Convention in Somalia has helped creating ownership of the document and building\nconsensus among different government stakeholders on roles and responsibilities to respond to\ninternal displacement in a more coherent and coordinated manner (in a context where overlapping\nand competing mandates and responsibilities were often a challenge to an effective response).\nBuilding consensus was not an easy process because agencies have different mandates and\ndifferent agendas, but in this sense, a law can be very helpful in tackling this challenge.\n\n\n_**Reflection and plenary debate on the current status of the national framework and response to internal**_\n_**displacement:**_ This session consisted in a plenary discussion where seminar participants debated\nabout what is needed for Mozambique to meet its international and regional obligations on internal\ndisplacement, by identifying what are the gaps and challenges they are facing when responding to\ninternal displacement and what would be needed to improve the situation.\n\n\nParticipants were asked to reflect from the perspective of the entity / agency that they represent,\nwhat concrete (legal and policy) steps they (or others) could take in line with existing IDP protection\nstandards.\n\n\nParticipants prepare for a group discussion.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Final Report\n\n\nAmong the concrete actions recommended by the participants, it was suggested to:\n\nDevelop a solid law and policy framework for the implementation of the Kampala Convention;\nHave more capacity-building and awareness raising initiatives on the international and regional\nframework on internal displacement, with a focus on the Kampala Convention, throughout the\ncountry;\nAdopt measures to ensure that housing, land and property (HLP) rights of IDPs are protected\nduring their displacement and search for durable solutions, and that restitution or compensation\nis provided for any lost or destroyed HLP;\nStrengthen consultation processes with internally displaced persons and allow them to\nmeaningfully engage in decisions relating to their protection and assistance, until a durable\nsolution is achieved.\n\n### **2. Key Workshop Outcomes**\n\n\nAn important result of the workshop has been the engagement of a diverse set of governmental,\nUN, civil society and academic actors (primarily at national but also provincial levels from Cabo\nDelgado and Sofala) on IDP issues and a stronger common understanding of international and\nregional IDP legal standards, more specifically the Kampala Convention.\n\n\nIn the process moving forward, it will be essential to keep the process inclusive and continue to\nengage with all relevant stakeholders.\n\n\nFurthermore, after two-and-a-half days of debates and sharing of experiences, participants at the\nworkshop adopted a Declaration in which they observed the following:\n\nThe importance of analyzing the current legal and policy framework related to the protection of\ninternally displaced persons in order to assess how this can be strengthened in line with the\nKampala Convention;\nThe added value of the domestication of the Kampala Convention on coordinating and clarifying\nroles and responsibilities to advance protection and solutions for internally displaced persons;\nThe fact that the domestication of the Kampala Convention is context-dependent, and is a\nprocess that needs to be undertaken in line with the Constitutional and legal culture of a\ncountry;\nThe fact that the Kampala Convention embodies international human rights law, international\nhumanitarian law and international criminal law and establishes offenses under these branches\nof law and national law;\nThe relevance of the existing Policy and Strategy on the management of IDPs and the fact that\nlaws and policies on internal displacement are mutually reinforcing and complementary, and not\nopposed to each other;\nThe importance of consulting internally displaced persons and engaging them in the planning\nand management of durable solutions, so that they can make an informed and voluntary choice\nof their preferred durable solution; and\nThe role that the domestication of the Kampala Convention plays in framing policy and\noperational efforts towards durable solutions.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention\n\n### **3. Way Forward**\n\n\nIn light of the above, participants recommended:\n\nFurther steps to be taken on the process of domestication of the Kampala Convention, including\na legal review of the national legal and policy framework in light of international and regional\nstandards;\nThat Article 3(2) of the Kampala Convention is the basis of the obligation for its domestication,\nfollowing ratification;\nThat the levels of intervention in the search for durable solutions require the development of a\nlegal framework, strengthening institutional capacities and implementing programmes that are\ngovernment-led, community-driven and area-based;\nThat activities be carried out to promote and protect the rights of internally displaced persons,\nthrough the organization of debates and/or thematic seminars on the implementation of the\nKampala convention, involving State institutions, International Organizations, the National\nHuman Rights Commission, Academy (university professors), bar association, Judicial\nMagistrates and the Public Prosecutor's Office and Civil Society Organizations.\n\n\nIt was agreed that the Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religions Affairs - will be adopting and\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annex I - Final Declaration**\n\nUnder the joint auspices of **the Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religious Affairs and the**\n**National Institute for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction, and with the support of the**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Institute of Humanitarian**\n**Law in Sanremo, Italy,** the Workshop on the Domestication of the Kampala Convention was held\nfrom 22 November to 24, 2023, at the Radisson Hotel in Maputo.\n\n\nThe African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in\nAfrica is an international legal instrument adopted at the Extraordinary Summit of Heads of State\nand Government on October 23, 2009, in Kampala, Uganda, and is known as the Kampala\nConvention.\n\n\nThe seminar was attended by 59 people representing Ministries, International Organizations, the\nNational Human Rights Commission, the Faculty of Law at Eduardo Mondlane University (Academia)\nand civil society organizations.\n\n\nSpeakers at the opening session included:\n\nHis Excellency Gabriel Monteiro, Vice-President, National Institute for Disaster Risk Reduction\nand Management;\nHis Excellency Justino Ernesto Tonela, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Justice,\nConstitutional and Religious Affairs.\n\n\nAt the opening ceremony, the government referred to the progress made in preventing, mitigating\nand managing internal displacement and reinforced the commitment to guaranteeing protection,\nassistance and search for durable solutions for internally displaced people.\n\n\nThe Honourable Justino Ernesto Tonela, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Justice,\nConstitutional and Religious Affairs of Mozambique, reiterated the government's commitment to\nstrengthening the national legal framework in line with international and regional standards, through\nthe adoption of legislative measures that emphasize the provisions of the Kampala Convention.\n\n\nThe United Nations Resident Coordinator and the Representative of the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees welcomed the initiative and expressed their **commitment to supporting**\n**the government's efforts to domesticate the Kampala Convention** by enacting or amending the\nrelevant legislation on the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons, in accordance\nwith their obligations under international law.\n\n\n**After discussions and the sharing of experiences and good practices, the participants in the**\n**Seminar noted:**\n\nThe importance of analyzing and reviewing the current legal and policy framework related to the\nprotection of internally displaced persons, in order to assess how it can be strengthened in\naccordance with the Kampala Convention;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The pertinence of assessing the relevance of domesticating the Kampala Convention, in order to\nstrengthen coordination and the sharing of responsibilities within the framework of the\npromotion and protection of internally displaced persons;\n\n\nThe need to respect the free and voluntary choice of internally displaced persons to return\nvoluntarily or settle in other areas, with prior consultation on other possible options, in order to\nensure their participation in the search for sustainable solutions;\n\n\nThe need to take into account the incorporation of ethnic, cultural and anthropological values in\nthe process of domesticating the Kampala Convention, while respecting the legal-constitutional\nframework;\n\n\nThe need to take into account the typical peculiarities of the Kampala Convention, as it is a _sui_\n_generis_ international legal instrument that incorporates matters of international human rights law,\ninternational humanitarian law and international criminal law into its provisions;\n\n\nThe Policy and Strategy for the Management of Internally Displaced Persons and the legislation\nare mutually reinforcing in terms of the protection of internally displaced persons, recognizing\nthe need to establish a binding legal framework in order to provide for the application of\ncriminal, administrative and other measures against arbitrary displacement; and\n\n\nThe importance of consulting IDPs and involving them in the planning and management of\ndurable solutions, so that they can make an informed and voluntary choice of their preferred\ndurable solution.\n\n\n**In view of the findings, the participants in the Seminar recommended that:**\n\n\nIn the presentation of the Report on the implementation of the African Charter on Human and\nPeoples' Rights, required under Article 62, information should be included on the\nimplementation of the Kampala Convention, particularly the adoption of legislative,\nadministrative and other measures taken to give effect to the Convention;\n\n\nThat the assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of internally displaced persons and host\ncommunities should be facilitated, in cooperation with international organizations or agencies;\n\n\nCivil Society Organizations complement the Government's programme in the activities of\nassisting internally displaced persons, particularly in their responsibility to mobilize resources for\nthe creation of sustainable solutions in places of origin or relocation areas, and the provision of\nlivelihoods, education, health care and property rights;\n\n\nAn early warning system be established in the national context for areas susceptible to\ndisplacement as a result of force majeure, within the framework of the implementation of the\nDisaster Risk Reduction Policy and Strategies, as one of the management and response\nmeasures for disasters and emergencies, and to provide, if necessary, immediate protection and\nassistance to internally displaced persons;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The legal framework of existing legislation, policies and a wide range of matters be reviewed in\naccordance with the Kampala Convention, to cover the issuing of personal identification\ndocuments, housing, aspects related to land and property, and access to schools, work and\nhealth care;\n\n\nActivities be carried out to promote and protect the rights of internally displaced persons, by\norganizing thematic debates and/or seminars on the implementation of the Kampala\nConvention, involving state institutions, international organizations, the National Human Rights\nCommission, academia (university professors), the bar association, judicial and public prosecutors\nand civil society organizations;\n\n\nMembers of the Parliament and specific parliamentary committees be encouraged in the process\nof domesticating the Kampala Convention, in order to align it with current national legislation;\n\n\nObligations set out in Article 3(2) of the Kampala Convention be incorporated into domestic law\nby enacting or amending the relevant legislation on the protection and assistance of internally\ndisplaced persons under international law; and\n\n\nThat the government and cooperation partners make efforts to provide assistance to internally\ndisplaced persons, through training courses and the creation of opportunities for self-support,\nso that they can rebuild their lives.\n\n\n**Next steps:**\n\n\nThe Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religious Affairs should provide a timeline on the next\nsteps for the domestication of the Kampala Convention.\n\n\n**Maputo, November 24, 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annex II - List of Participating Institutions and Organizations**\n\nThe following institutions and organizations took part in the seminar:\n\n\n[Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religious Affairs](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[National Institute for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Assembly of the Republic](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Northern Integrated Development Agency](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[National Institute for Refugee Support](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[National Human Rights Commission](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Secretary of State (Cabo Delgado)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Legal Assistance and Sponsorship Institute](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Land and Environment](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Culture and Tourism](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Education and Human Development](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[National Statistics Institute](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Attorney General's Office](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[UNFPA (United Nations Agency for Sexual and Reproductive Health)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Save the Children](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council)](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Koica](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[Action Aid](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[MRA](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\n[UEM - Faculty of Law](https://www.mjcr.gov.mz/)\n\nFOMICRES - Promoting Peace, Crime Prevention and Social Reintegration\n\nCDD (Center for Democracy and Human Rights)\n\nMonitoring Forum of the UN Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights in Mozambique\n\nEmbassy of Angola\n\nEmbassy of Japan\n\nEmbassy of Switzerland\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65dc5489-0f2c-4223-ae2f-39b75a8e14c2/final_report_workshop_on_the_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_in_mozambique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_802/raw/doc_802_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_802/raw/doc_802_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a9971338756278c9d64b3df1978218cbe2da39e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_802/raw/doc_802_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435/\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e**\n\n\n\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u044e \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2017 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\n\n\n**\u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430:** \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0443\n\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435: \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0456\u0457/\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\n\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 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\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438:\n\n\n**\u0412\u0418\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0418**\n\n\n1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0438: \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u044f\u043a\u0456 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\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443,\n\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430/\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438.\n\n\n2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 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\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u2013 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u04431990-\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 (233,000 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431) \u0442\u0430 \u0443 2008
\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 (\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e - 192,000 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0442\u0456\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 26,000 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f). \u0423 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043c, \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0443 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e,
\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u0412\u041f\u041e. 44% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0422\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 26.4 % - \u0443 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e-\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0454 \u0437 \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e
\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u044e. \u0412 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443, 75% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0457\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0443
\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457.|\n|---|---|\n|**_\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457_**|1. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 (1996)
2. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0456\u044f (2006)
3. \u0412 \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e (\u0416\u0417\u041c), \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456. \u0417 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0416\u0417\u041c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0421\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432
\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0445\u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u2116124 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 2006 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443
4. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u2116 326 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 (2011) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u2116 124. \u041d\u0435
\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e
\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456.

**\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0418**
1. \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a.
2.
3. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u00ab\u041c\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u043c\u00bb \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443
\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0457\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437 23 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 1993 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c
\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.

**\u0429\u041e \u041d\u0415 \u0421\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u042e\u0412\u0410\u041b\u041e \u0406 \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423?**
1.
2. \u0414\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 2007 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 6 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u041e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u0442\u0456\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430,
\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 2008 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.
3.1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432_ de facto_ \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443.
3.2. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432.
3.3. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u044e.|\n|**_\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457_**|\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.|\n|**_\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457_**|\u0417\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0437 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0454 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0456\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e. \u0423 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443
\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u2013 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0456\u0432 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e
\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c.

**\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0418**
\u0423 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 2010 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445
\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0433 \u0412\u041f\u041e.|\n|**_\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f_**
**_\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430_**|1. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443
2. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 10,000 \u0434\u043e\u043b.
3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456
4. \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e
5. \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c
\u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.
|\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0418
1. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f
\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e (\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436, \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e).
2. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0412\u041f\u041e
3. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445) \u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.
\u0429\u041e \u041d\u0415 \u0421\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u042e\u0412\u0410\u041b\u041e \u0406 \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423?
1.1. \u041d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0456\u0447\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0454 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0445,
\u0449\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456.
1.2. \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0456 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0456, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e
\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u044e.
1.3. \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c
\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438.
1.4. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0422\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456
\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445.
2.1. \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 - \u0432\u043e\u0433\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0446\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c, \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0456\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430.
2.2. \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430.
2.3. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f
\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.
2.4. \u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 10,000 \u0434\u043e\u043b., \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0438
2.5. \u0423 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 1,600 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2010 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2011 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.
2.6. \u041d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 1990-\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e
\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e.|\n|---|---|\n|**_\u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f_**
**_\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c_**
|1. \u0423 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 38% \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 16.7% - \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0430 21.5% - \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443.
2. \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431.
3. \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456. \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445
\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442, \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.
**\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0418**
1. \u0428\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u0456\u0434 2008 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456
\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.
2. \u041f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. 19.6% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c.
3. \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 10,000 \u0434\u043e\u043b. \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430
\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432.

**\u0429\u041e \u041d\u0415 \u0421\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u042e\u0412\u0410\u041b\u041e \u0406 \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423?**
1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.
2. \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u00bb \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0456, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456\u00bb \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457
\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442 2008 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.
3. \u0411\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433
\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.
4. \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438 (\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456, \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f), \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.
5. \u041e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e.|\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|6. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430. \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441
\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0446\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c
\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0443.
7. \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u043e 15,000 \u0434\u043e\u043b. \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f
\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.|\n|---|---|\n|**_\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443_**
**_\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432_**|\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u044e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2116 320 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e
\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c (2013). \u0423 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u21166 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0456. \u0423 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u21166 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430
\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.

**\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u0406 \u041c\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0418**
**\u041e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f)**
- \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 (3)
- \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442 (1,5)
- \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c (2)
- \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0454 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430/\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 (3)
- \u0421\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 (\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456) \u0437 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 (1,5).

**\u0421\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457)**
- \u0421\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0439
- \u0421\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0454 2 \u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e 18 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432
- \u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f
- \u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0456\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c
- \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430/\u0432\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c, \u044f\u043a\u0430(\u0438\u0439) \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439
- \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0456\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e(\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438) \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438
- \u041f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438
- \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457|\n|**_\u0417\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f_**
**_\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445_**
**_\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432_**|\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c|\n|**_\u0417\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438, \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430_**
**_\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456_**|1. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e 2007 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0439 2009-2012, 2012-2014, 2015-2016 \u0440\u0440.
2. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0412\u041f\u041e: 1) \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445
\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e; 2) \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435
\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0443 \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0445 (\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f
\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430
\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456; 3) \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0449\u043e \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456
\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430.
3. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 (\u0441\u0442. 12-15 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432)
4. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0456 (2010)
5. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u0441\u0442. 3-6 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439)
6. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457
7. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u2116 2387 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c (6 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2003)
8. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c
9. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c (2009)|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "13\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c**_\n_**\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456**_\n\n_**\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457**_\n\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430**_\n_**\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443**_\n_**\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445**_\n_**\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0417\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f**_\n_**\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**\u043d\u0430**_\n_**\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443**_\n\n_**\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456**_\n\n\n\n\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u00bb\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_\u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432_\n_\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430_\n\n_\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e_\n\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457_\n\n\n\n\n\n_\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457_\n\n\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445_\n\n\n\n_\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432_\n\n\n\n_\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432_\n\n\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445_\n\n_\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432_\n\n\n_\u0417\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438, \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430_\n_\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443_\n_\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c**_\n_**\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457**_\n\n\n_**\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456**_\n\n_**\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430**_\n_**\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443**_\n_**\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n_**\u0417\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f**_\n_**\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445**_\n_**\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u00bb. \u041e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u043c, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c:\n\n|\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430|\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0422\u0420\u0413 \u0416\u0417\u041c, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f|\n|---|---|\n|**\u0412\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456\u044f**|\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f (**\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043d** coord1.ukraine@sheltercluster.org)|\n|**\u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d**|\u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb (**\u0406\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0454\u043a\u0441\u0454\u0454\u0432\u0430** i.aleksieieva@r2p.org.ua)|\n|**\u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0456\u044f \u0456 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0456\u044f**|\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u00bb (\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0456\u043c\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0456
Internally.Displaced.Persons@coe.int)|\n|**\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0456\u044f**|\u041c\u041c \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 (**\u041e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044f \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e** oogryzko@ohchr.org)|\n|**\u041a\u0456\u043f\u0440**|\u041d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (**\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044e\u043a** olena.lukaniuk@nrc.no)|\n|**\u0413\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0456\u044f**|\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (**\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044e\u043a** olga.kyryliuk@drc-ukraine.org; **Isaac Robinson** isaac.robinson@drc-
ukraine.org)|\n|**\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430**
|GIZ (**\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e**rebenko@mtot.gov.ua)|\n\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4bf7319-819a-3587-8480-11f050d1b3bd/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated-ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_803/raw/doc_803_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_803/raw/doc_803_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6a011b1a02bdcb91f73d0a83d191a67f893bce5a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_803/raw/doc_803_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Foreign Experience of Housing Solutions and Compensation for Destroyed/Damaged Housing for IDPs**\n\n\nby Housing, Land and Property Rights Technical Working Group, May 2017\n\n\n**Purpose** : To analyse the general context for housing solutions and compensation in other contexts in order to make relevant recommendations for Ukraine on the ways ahead of policy formation, formation of\ncompensation, restitution and compensation claims, development of housing programs. Through looking at the case studies of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia&Herzegovina, Colombia, Cyprus, Georgia, Molodva\nand Serbia, the Housing, Land, and Property Technical Working Group found the following general trends that Ukraine should take into consideration:\n\n\n**CONCLUSIONS**\n\n\n1. The process of restoration of the victims\u2019 rights evolves over certain stages: restitution and then compensations. This approach allows inclusion of all people affected by the conflict regardless of their\nqualifications according to domestic law: IDPs, CAPs, returnees, residuals etc. In conflict settings, securing compensation is complicated while the conflict is ongoing or in the absence of a peace\nagreement.\n2. For conflict settings, many positive initiatives were donor led or supported including donor funding compensation funds. Therefore, there is a need to inform donors about their role in supporting the\ncombination of housing and access to justice issues for the recovery period.\n3. Geography is important to ensure access to justice. Several countries who were the most successful in managing their disaster-affected housing had well developed cadastres and land assessments\nwhich were crucial pieces of evidence during their claims commissions. For Ukraine, this requires support to work on the country\u2019s cadastre system, which was not so well developed prior to the crisis.\nMany of the country contexts had housing stock, which was badly in need of repair prior to the crisis. Well informed geographical and infrastructure systems can include this housing stock in housing\nprograms while also stimulating livelihoods such as in the construction sector.\n4. Claims Commissions, which are usually a mixture of administrative and quasi-judicial bodies of state power plays a key role in adequate response to housing solutions to people affected by conflict.\n5. Durable housing solutions as the rule imply not only housing legislature, but also land tenure, infrastructure solutions as the part of the approach. In many cases, housing programs were decentralised\nand relying on the support of the local municipalities Those countries and locations that struggled the most were the ones who did not have a broader housing policy framework. Ukraine has the similar\nchallenges and recovery programs should ensure that there is a government policy supporting certain reforms in the housing sector to make compensation, social housing, and adequate heating\nfunctional.\n6. Selection criteria of housing provision at the local level. In many cases, housing programs were decentralised and relying on the support of the local municipalities. Selection of beneficiaries was done\nbased on a scoring system, which took into account mostly of housing needs and social status of the persons. Local authorities didn\u2019t actually acquire property, but where possible they conducted checks\non the actual needs of the beneficiaries of social housing (i.e. cross checks on repossessed property) in order to avoid abuse by potential beneficiaries. Local authorities used direct contracts with the\nbeneficiaries of social housing to prevent them from abusing the assistance they received (i.e. prohibition to sell the property, obligation to use occupy the property within a certain deadline). All these\nprovisions were agreed upon by the beneficiary and the authorities through standard contacts.\n7. The efficient measure is putting the burden of proving to the state (Claims Commissions). As foreign experience shows, usually 10% of victims receive state-financed solutions for their housing problems.\nNevertheless, if the burden of proving goes to the state, it shortens the time of restitution/compensations to be received.\n8. Condominium processes are important and can be a source of community ownership of the challenge, but often they can be difficult for local populations to understand, thus programs should be\ninclusive, flexible, and correspond with contextual incentives to participate in these community groups.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "What follows are the details of each country case study:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Compensation**_\n\n\n\n_**mechanisms**_\n\n\n\n_**mechanisms**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**in Housing**_\n_**Provisions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Selection of**_\n_**beneficiaries**_\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Corruption risks**_\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n_**Legislative**_\n_**amendments**_\n\n_**adopted**_\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Procedure**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**in Housing**_\n_**Provisions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**beneficiaries**_\n\n\n\n_**beneficiaries**_\n\n\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n_**amendments**_\n\n\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**adopted**_\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**mechanisms**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Procedure**_\n\n\n\n_**in Housing**_\n_**Provisions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Housing Provision**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Procedure**_\n\n\n\n_**beneficiaries**_\n\n\n\n_**in Housing**_\n_**Provisions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Corruption risks**_\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n_**Discrimination**_\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n_**Legislative**_\n_**amendments**_\n\n_**adopted**_\n\n\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|GEORGIA|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**_General context on_**
**_Housing Solutions and_**
**_Compensation for_**
**_Destroyed/Damaged_**
**_Housing for IDPs in the_**
**_country_**|The total number of registered IDPs is 259,247 or 86,283 families (according to MRA statistics as of 17.09.2014, latest available on the official website). IDPs represent about
6% of Georgia\u2019s population, giving it one of the world\u2019s highest incidences of internal displacement relative to its overall population. People lost their family homes and were
forcibly displaced as a result of wars in 1990s (233,000 persons) and 2008 (initially - 192,000 persons, most of whom were able to return but over 26,000 are still displaced).
Thus, IDPs in Georgia are always referred to as representing 2 separate case loads. 44% of IDPs are living in Tbilisi and about 26.4 % - in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region,
neighboring to AAR. In total 75% of IDPs live in urban areas. The issue of housing is particularly prominent for old case load IDPs, many of whom still reside in collective centers.
Return has largely not been possible for IDPs displaced to undisputed areas of Georgia.|\n|**_Restitution mechanisms_**
|1. Law of Georgia on Internally Displaced Persons \u2013 Persecuted from the Occupied Territories of Georgia
2. Law of Georgia on Property Restitution and Compensation on the Territory of Georgia for the Victims of Conflict in the former South Ossetia Region (2006)
3. In Abkhazia, housing, land and other property owned by IDPs have been destroyed or illegally occupied, purchased and sold. To protect the HLP rights of IDPs, President
Saakashvili issued_an ordinance on Measures to Register the Rights to Immovable Property located in the Abkhazian Autonomous Region and Tskhinvali Region_ _(No.124)_ in
February 2006.
4. _Ordinance No. 326 of the President of Georgia on approval of the rule related to the preliminary registration of immovable property on occupied territories of Georgia (2011)_
abolishes the above ordinance No. 124. Alienation of the property located on occupied territories of Georgia or any preliminary right over it, or concluding any type of deal on it
prior to its registration under the public registry is recognized impermissible.

GOOD POINTS
1. IDPs have right to restitution remaining property on the occupied territory and inherit it.
2.
Established a property registration program \u201cMy House\u201d with funding from the President\u2019s office to register ownership of properties owned since 23 September 1993, irrespective
of the owner\u2019s nationality. IDPs must fill in a form and once ownership is proven will receive a certificate signed by the MRA as proof of ownership.
WHAT DID NOT WORK AND WHY
1. A six-member commission consisting of two representatives each from Georgia, South Ossetia and the international community had to be established by mid-2007, but was
not formed, and the status of the law is unclear following the August 2008 conflict.
2.1. The program has antagonized the_de facto_ authorities and has raised the hopes of IDPs that they will one day be able to reclaim their property or receive compensation.
2.2. The program proved to be ineffective as it was not adequately linked to the cadastral records.
Although the program ostensibly was voluntary, some IDPs reported not being allowed to renew their IDP registration unless and until they submitted a claim under the
program.|\n|**_Compensation_**
**_mechanisms_**
|There are no mechanisms in place for IDPs to recover or get compensation for their houses and land in places of origin.|\n|**_Claims commissions_**
|The steering committee chaired by MRA was set up to operationalize the State Strategy on IDPs and has subsequently established several temporary expert groups (TEGs):
on privatization; on complaints and redress mechanisms; and on guiding principles on durable housing solutions.
GOOD POINTS
A reception centre and case management system for receiving and addressing the individual concerns of IDPs was established at MRA in April 2010.|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Housing Provision
Procedure|1. Privatization of long-term accommodation for IDPs
2. Resettlement of IDPs to rehabilitated and newly constructed buildings or $10,000 in lieu of these housing options
3. The rural house acquisition program
4. Acquisition and transmission of privately owned accommodations to IDPs
5. In case IDP family, in need of DHS, rejects moving into a built, rehabilitated or purchased building offered by MRA, an alternative offer will be made only after other IDP
families are provided with DHS.
GOOD POINTS
1. Transferring temporary private ownership to IDPs, in order to ensure their long-term resettlement and enable IDPs to freely dispose their property (buying, selling, renting,
mortgaging, etc.).
2. Transfer of ownership to IDPs.
Allocation of IDPs in newly constructed apartment blocks, accommodation of IDPs in individual houses (purchased or newly constructed) in rural areas.
WHAT DID NOT WORK AND WHY
1.1. IDPs have very little awareness about setting up condominiums, and practical issues such as installing individual electricity meters are complicated in buildings that are
only half privatised.
1.2. The government only approved renovation standards and defined the minimum living space midway through the privatization
process, resulting in a less favourable treatment of some displaced people compared to others.
1.3. IDPs do not necessarily achieve a durable housing solution upon signing a privatisation agreement given inadequate living space and shared facilities.
1.4. No rehabilitation has taken place in Tbilisi, officially as a result of a policy of prioritising refurbishment outside the capital in view of their lower real estate values.
2.1. Most of the new cottages had defects including damp, leaking roofs, extensive mould, large cracks in walls and badly warped floorboards.
2.2. IDPs were not consulted and did not participate in the process, and there was a lack of transparency in the allocation of the settlements and housing.
2.3. Resettled IDPs signed a handover document when they moved in, but many families were still waiting to receive their ownership documents.
2.4. Some IDPs who opted for the $10,000 payment had still not received it two years after their application was approved
2.5. As part of government efforts to provide IDPs with long-term housing, more than 1,600 IDP families were evicted from temporary shelters between June 2010 and August
2011.
by contrast, IDPs displaced in the 1990s who could not or did not wish to privatize their current living space were to be supported through resettlement to alternative
accommodations but were not eligible for any compensation|\n|---|---|\n|**_Security of Tenure in_**
**_Housing Provisions_**
|1. CCs are accommodating approximately 38% of IDPs, with 16.7% now living in rehabilitated centres and 21.5% in non-rehabilitated.
2. Many IDPs are poorly informed about housing guidelines, renovation and privatization procedures, and the overall plans by the Government in addressing their housing
needs.
3. Housing conditions for returned IDPs continue to be inadequate. Many returned IDPs cannot afford to rebuild their houses, others are reluctant to rebuild in the absence of
the rule of law and a lasting settlement of the conflict.

GOOD POINTS
1. Quick response to new case load of IDPs in 2008 by building cottages and refurbishing blocks of flats to be given to the newly settled IDPs under their ownership.
2. The privatisation-based approach. 19.6% of IDPs are registered as owning their own properties.
The Government of Georgia has offered USD 10, 000 to each IDP family to secure their eviction. Some families received financial compensation and left the collective centres.|\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|WHAT DID NOT WORK AND WHY
1. Problems of access to social services, as well as sustainability problems still prevail in the new settlements.
2. Old case-load IDPs were primarily settled in CCs where many of them stay till now, while new case-load IDPs were settled in newly constructed homes as part of the
government\u2019s response to the August 2008 conflict.
3. Many IDPs refused to accept the alternative housing offered, as it was located in rural areas lacking infrastructure, basic services and employment opportunities
4. The living spaces used as CCs (hotels, schools, and other public buildings) not suitable for living.
5. The rate of housing privatization has differed between IDPs of different case loads, characterized by non-standardized quality of housing across IDPs
6. Size of the housing subsidy is determined by the number of family members and is not sufficient to buy a house. Can only be used when supplemented with a mortgage or a
loan. The process of receiving the subsidy is long and complex, which presents a coordination problem when house searching. IDPs need to negotiate purchase of a house
with a seller but cannot rely on the timeframe in which they will receive the subsidy.
7. The government has offered up to $15,000 for returnees to repair their homes, but many refused claiming the amount to be insufficient.|\n|---|---|\n|**_Selection of beneficiaries_**
|The rules and eligibility criteria for the Provision of IDPs with the living space is set out in_the MRA Decree No. 320 on rules related to provision of housing to IDPs (2013)_. Annex
No. 6 includes \u201ccriteria for assessment the opportunities for using the living space\u201d; Annex No. 7 includes \u201csocial criteria\u201d. In order to receive housing, IDP families receive scores
in accordance with the criteria.

GOOD POINTS
**Objective (condition of living) criteria**
- IDPs under threat of eviction from privately owned CCs (3)
- IDPs under threat of eviction due to non-ability to repay mortgage loan (1,5)
- Living conditions are deplorable and do not comply with minimal living conditions (2)
- IDPs in CCs that are important the Government and/or local authority buildings (3)
- IDP family living in someone else\u2019s house (except for immovable property owned by the state) with or without rent (1,5).

**Subjective (family vulnerability) criteria**
- families registered in the unified database of socially vulnerable families
- Family with 2 and more family members under the age of 18
- Family member is a patient with oncological disease
- Family members have clearly, considerably or moderately visible disability
- Parent or widow who takes care of minor child or children alone
- Elder persons carrying out custodianship or taking care of minor child(ren) or grandchild(ren)
- Pensioner living alone or a family with more than half of members of the retirement age
Veterans of war for territorial integrity of Georgia and family members of persons who died or are missing as a result of war for territorial integrity of Georgia
|\n|**_Discrimination mitigation_**|Unequal state housing assistance to IDPs of different case loads.
|\n|**_Legislative amendments_**
**_adopted_**|1. The State Strategy on IDPs in 2007, and subsequent Action Plans as of 2009-2012, 2012-2014, 2015-2016.|\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Restitution_\n_mechanisms_\n\n_Compensation_\n\n_mechanisms_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Provisions_\n\n\n\n_in Housing_\n_Provisions_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Corruption risks_\n\n\n\n_Discrimination_\n\n\n\n_mitigation_\n\n\n\n\n\n_mitigation_\n\n_Legislative_\n_amendments_\n\n_adopted_\n\n\n\n_SERBIA_\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**General context on**_\n\n_**Housing Solutions**_\n_**and Compensation**_\n\n_**for**_\n_**Destroyed/Damaged**_\n_**Housing for IDPs in**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**the country /**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Claims**_\n_**commissions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n_**in Housing**_\n_**Provisions**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n_**Discrimination**_\n\n_**mitigation**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|This research became possible due to support by Council of Europe|Project \u201cStrengthening the Protection of Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons\u201d. Special thanks go to contributors:|\n|---|---|\n|**Country**|**HLP TWG Partner performed breakdown**|\n|**Armenia**|Shelter Cluster (**Renee Wynveen** coord1.ukraine@sheltercluster.org)|\n|**Azerbaijan**|Right to Protect (**Iryna Alexeeva** i.aleksieieva@r2p.org.ua)|\n|**Bosnia&Herzegovina, Serbia**|Council of Europe Project \u201cStrengthening the Protection of Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons\u201d (**Massimo Moratti**
Internally.Displaced.Persons@coe.int)|\n|**Colombia**|OHCHR (**Olesya Ogryzko** oogryzko@ohchr.org)|\n|**Cyprus**|NRC (**Olena Lukaniuk** olena.lukaniuk@nrc.no)|\n|**Georgia**|DRC (**Olga Kyryliuk** olga.kyryliuk@drc-ukraine.org; **Isaac Robinson** isaac.robinson@drc-ukraine.org)|\n|**Moldova**
|GIZ (**Natalia Rebenko**rebenko@mtot.gov.ua)|\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8d11082d-d7de-3068-8431-b4df649f866b/foreignexperiencehousingforidps-integrated_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_804/raw/doc_804_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_804/raw/doc_804_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index aaef7f85e76a5da01a4566a3fa6c1749466af73b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_804/raw/doc_804_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **1. Background and Methodology**\n\n**Gender** **based** **violence** **(GBV)** **is** **a** **major** **risk** **for** **women**\n**and** **girls** **and** **population** **groups** **who** **are** **in** **particularly**\n**vulnerable** **situations,** **especially** **when** **residing** **in** **transit**\n**or** **relocation** **sites.** **GBV** **risks** **are** **exacerbated** **when**\n**disasters such as the recent Cyclone Gombe strike.** To gain\na deeper insight into the specific risks of GBV that women,\ngirls and at-risk population groups face in the aftermath of\nCyclone Gombe as well as the existing GBV response and\nprevention mechanisms of women and girls, the GBV Area\nof Responsibility (AoR), in collaboration with UNFPA,\nconducted a safety assessment in 6 transit centres in\nCorrane, district of Meconta in Nampula province.\n\nCyclone Gombe made landfall in Mossuril district in\nNampula province on 11 March 2022, leaving at least\n\n\n\n_OCHA, Mozambique Tropical cyclone Gombe, Flash update_\n\n\n\n478,237 people affected, 82 people injured and 56 killed in Nampula and Zambezia provinces (National Institute for\nDisaster Management (INGD) situational update, 19 March 2022). 53,383 houses have been completely and 39,513\npartially destroyed, and 39 health centers, 1,458 classrooms, 2,748 electricity stations and 943 km of roads severely\ndamaged. 143,904 students are estimated to be affected. In the Corrane IDP resettlement site, which according to\npreliminary indications, is one of the most affected sites, 7,511 persons are currently displaced including 3,831 women\n(Cyclone Gombe Flash Report, Protection Cluster, 16 March 2022). As of 19 March, 44 temporary accommodation\ncenters have been opened by the Government in Nampula, Zambezia and Niassa provinces, hosting 20,556 people,\nwhich have critical needs in health, GBV/Protection, food and shelters/Non-Food Items (NFIs). The humanitarian\nresponse led by INGD is ongoing, including the conduct of multisectoral rapid needs assessments. This situational\nanalysis aims to provide additional information on the specific GBV risks and needs that women and girls face in the\naccommodation centers in order to inform the overall humanitarian response on the ground.\n\n**The methodology of the safety audits was qualitative, through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).** FGDs were conducted\non 18 March in the district of Meconta, Corrane IDP resettlement site, including in the following transit centers: 1)\nEduardo Mondlane _,_ 2) Napepere, 3) Namiolo secondary school, 4) Bairro Clube, and 5) Escola Joaquim Chissano, 6)\nEscola Mputo velho, which according to preliminary indications, are the most affected sites.\n\n### **2. Situational Highlight**\n\n\n**The impact of cyclone Gombe have exacerbated Protection and GBV**\n**risks** **for** **women** **and** **girls** **affected** **by** **the** **disaster** **due** **to** **pre-**\n**existing** **gender** **inequalities**, which are deeply rooted in prevailing\nsocio-cultural norms and harmful practices such as child, early and\nforced marriage and polygamy. Results of the safety assessment\nshowed that critical GBV risks exist in temporary accommodation\ncenters given infrastructure-related gaps, which, coupled with\nwomen and girls\u2019 pre-existing vulnerabilities such as lack of decisionmaking power, exposure to polygamy and violent behavior, and lack\nof access to livelihood opportunities carry the risk of further harming\nwomen and girls and negatively impacting their safety and wellbeing.\nThe limitations of the humanitarian response, including the lack of\nwomen and girls\u2019 access to basic infrastructure that is safe, and the\nlack of access to health facilities and GBV specialized services further\nimpact their ability to access necessary support systems and services\nin a safe and dignified way.\n\n_Transit centre in Corrane, Meconta_\n\n\n_For more information, contact GBV AoR coordinator Giulia di Porcia,_ Humanitarianresponse.info page link _[diporcia@unfpa.org](mailto:diporcia@unfpa.org)_\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d7c3e1a2-2889-3fe1-a5f5-f21e7fa7a88d/gbv_aor_-_corrane_meconta_situation_analysis_march_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **3. Situational Analysis**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d7c3e1a2-2889-3fe1-a5f5-f21e7fa7a88d/gbv_aor_-_corrane_meconta_situation_analysis_march_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Meconta, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **4. Recommendations**\n\n\n- Conduct **further needs assessments** to better understand the key GBV and safety risks of **population groups who**\n**are in particularly vulnerable situations** such as women and girls with disabilities, pregnant and lactating women,\nadolescent girls and elderly women, as well as to gain a deeper insight into already **existing community response**\n**and prevention mechanisms** .\n\n- Deploy **health brigades** and provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services ensuring the capacity\nto refer and accompany GBV survivors to hospitals including to Clinical Management of Rape (CMR) services. Train\nhealth brigades on GBV and CMR if required.\n\n- **Address gaps in** relation to the existing lack of access to **basic services**, including health services, sufficient food\nand non-food assistance, and education services for girls and boys. The provision of safe access to education\nservices can mitigate the risk of increased cases of child, early and forced marriage during displacement. Ensure\naccess to the distribution points of the Eduardo Mondlane transit center is safe.\n\n- **Address** **key** **infrastructure** **gaps** to ensure temporary accommodation centers provide basic and safe\ninfrastructure including sufficient lighting, safe access to sex-sex-segregated Water, Sanitation and Hygiene\n(WASH) facilities such as lockable latrines and showers, and safe sleeping arrangements including the provision of\nsex-segregated accommodation spaces. Provide **GBV** **case** **management** **and** **mental** **health** **and** **psychosocial**\n**support** **(MHPSS)** **services** on site for GBV survivors, with tailored assistance to those in particularly vulnerable\nsituations such as older women and female heads of households.\n\n- **Build** the **capacities of accommodation center staff, humanitarian actors and community leaders** in Protection,\nGBV, including survivor-centered referrals, PSEA and disability inclusion.\n\n- **Build** the **communities\u2019 awareness about PSEA and how and where to refer GBV survivors** in a survivor-centered\nway with the consent of survivors.\n\n\n- Provide access to **safe spaces** for women and girls.\n\n- Support the **establishment of women desks** as part of police\nor community-based protection systems in the transit\ncenters with the aim or providing women and girls with safe\naccess to protection services if needed.\n\n- Ensure GBV survivors who wish to **access legal services** can\ndo so in a safe and survivor-centered way.\n\n- Provide **cash for work (CfW) opportunities** to women and\nmen with a focus on single and unaccompanied women\nand adolescent girls ensuring they receive access to\nbasic goods and services. Include population groups with\nspecific vulnerabilities such as persons with disabilities in\nthese activities. Take potential GBV-related risks into\nconsideration when planning and designing CfW\nopportunities and accompany CfW activities with community\nsensitizations about the importance of engaging women in\npaid work.\n\n\n_PSEA messages in one of the transit centres in Corrane, Meconta_\n\n\n_For more information, contact GBV AoR coordinator Giulia di Porcia,_ Humanitarianresponse.info page link _[diporcia@unfpa.org](mailto:diporcia@unfpa.org)_\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d7c3e1a2-2889-3fe1-a5f5-f21e7fa7a88d/gbv_aor_-_corrane_meconta_situation_analysis_march_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_805/raw/doc_805_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_805/raw/doc_805_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c1629b9f6519e182993a8e24ec66795de18766b0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_805/raw/doc_805_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,198 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **1. Background and Methodology**\n\n**Gender** **based** **violence** **(GBV)** **is** **a** **major** **risk** **for** **women**\n**and** **girls** **and** **population** **groups** **who** **are** **in** **particularly**\n**vulnerable** **situations,** **especially** **when** **residing** **in**\n**relocation or transit sites. GBV risks are exacerbated when**\n**disasters such as the recent Cyclone Gombe strike.** To gain\na deeper insight into the specific risks of GBV that women,\ngirls and at-risk population groups face in Nampula in the\naftermath of Cyclone Gombe as well as the existing GBV\nresponse and prevention mechanisms of women and girls,\nthe GBV Area of Responsibility (AoR), in collaboration with\nUNFPA, conducted a safety assessment in 5 relocation\ncentres in Lumbo, district of Ilha de Mozambique.\n\nCyclone Gombe made landfall in Mossuril district in\nNampula province on 11 March 2022, leaving at least\n\n\n\n_OCHA Mozambique, Tropical Cyclone Gombe flash update_\n\n\n\n478,237 people affected, 82 people injured and 56 killed in Nampula and Zambezia provinces (National Institute for\nDisaster Management (INGD) situational update, 19 March 2022). 53,383 houses have been completely and 39,513\npartially destroyed, and 39 health centers, 1,458 classrooms, 2,748 electricity stations and 943 km of roads severely\ndamaged. 143,904 students are estimated to be affected. As of 19 March, 44 temporary accommodation centers have\nbeen opened by the Government, hosting 20,556 people (33 in Nampula, 11 in Zambezia), which have critical needs in\nhealth, GBV/Protection, food and shelters/Non-Food Items (NFIs). The humanitarian response led by INGD is ongoing,\nincluding the conduct of multisectoral rapid needs assessments. This situational analysis aims to provide additional\ninformation on the specific GBV risks and needs that women and girls face in the accommodation centers in order to\ninform the overall humanitarian response on the ground.\n\n**The** **methodology** **of** **the** **safety** **audits** **was** **qualitative,** **through** **Focus** **Group** **Discussions** **(FGDs)** **and** **Key** **Informant**\n**Interviews** **(KIIs).** FGDs and KIIs were conducted during the 3 [rd] week of March 2022. 5 FGDs were conducted in the\ndistrict of Ilha de Mozambique, administrative post of Lumbo, including in the following locations: 1) Escola\nPrimaria Jembesse _-_ _**Cuthuca**_ (hosts 22 families) _,_ 2) Mesquita Umar - **Tocolo** (hosts 28 families), 3) Escola Primaria \n**Entete** (hosts 25 families), 4) Casa de Dislocados - **Namiroto** (hosts 28 families), and 5) Predio Saculo - **Jembesse** (hosts\n32 families), which according to preliminary indications, are the most affected sites. FGDs had an average number of 4\nparticipants per FGD. In total, 17 women and girls were consulted. An additional 2 Key Informant Interviews (KII) were\nconducted in Ilha de Mozambique municipality with representatives of the Police (PRM), Cabinete de atendimento a\nfamilia e menores vitima de violencia, and DPGCAS, Reparticao de assunto de mulher e acao social.\n\n### **2. Situational Highlight**\n\n\n\n_Three women displaced by cyclone Gombe,_\nMesquita Umar - Tocolo\n\n\n\n**The impacts of cyclone Gombe have exacerbated Protection and GBV**\n**risks for women and girls affected by the disaster due to pre-existing**\n**gender** **inequalities**, which are deeply rooted in prevailing sociocultural norms and harmful practices such as child, early and forced\nmarriage and polygamy. Results of the safety audits showed that\ncritical GBV risks exist in temporary accommodation centers and at\nhousehold level given infrastructure-related gaps, which, coupled with\nwomen and girls\u2019 pre-existing vulnerabilities such as lack of decisionmaking power, exposure to polygamy and violent behavior, and lack of\naccess to birth registrations and livelihood opportunities carry the risk\nof further harming women and girls and negatively impacting their\nsafety and wellbeing. The limitations of the humanitarian response,\nincluding the lack of women and girls\u2019 access to basic infrastructure\nthat is safe, and the lack of access to health facilities and GBV\nspecialized services further impact their ability to access necessary\nsupport systems and services in a safe and dignified way.\n\n\n\n_For more information, contact GBV AoR coordinator Giulia di Porcia,_ Humanitarianresponse.info page link _[diporcia@unfpa.org](mailto:diporcia@unfpa.org)_\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "safety assessment", - "confidence": 0.9382398128509521, - "start": 279, - "end": 281 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.7728803157806396, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women,\ngirls and at-risk population groups", - "confidence": 0.5310899615287781, - "start": 232, - "end": 239 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multisectoral rapid needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.8111521005630493, - "start": 466, - "end": 470 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "INGD", - "confidence": 0.5463758707046509, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5074165463447571, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5560305118560791, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.9891323447227478, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "district of Ilha de Mozambique", - "confidence": 0.7436455488204956, - "start": 625, - "end": 630 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6555668115615845, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.6694652438163757, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.7657576203346252, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ilha de Mozambique municipality", - "confidence": 0.7668962478637695, - "start": 773, - "end": 777 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.9421453475952148, - "start": 764, - "end": 767 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.8840685486793518, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6c8b965-8d8a-39ac-88ce-d87e9a25c74a/gbv_aor_nampula_ilha_gbv_safety_audits_march_22_gombe_cyclone.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **3. Situational Analysis**\n\n\n\n**AVAILABILITY OF SAFE WATER SOURCES IN**\n\n**ACCOMMODATIONS CENTERS SURVEYED**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_For more information, contact GBV AoR coordinator Giulia di Porcia (diporcia@unfpa.org)_\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6c8b965-8d8a-39ac-88ce-d87e9a25c74a/gbv_aor_nampula_ilha_gbv_safety_audits_march_22_gombe_cyclone.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mozambique Gender Based Violence AoRCOUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR**\n\n\n## **COUNTRY NAME GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AOR** Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n## Monthly Update Situational Analysis, Cyclone Gombe, Ilha de Mozambique, Nampula\n\n\n\nMarch 2022\n\n\n### **4. Recommendations**\n\n\n- Conduct **further** **needs** **assessments** to better understand\nthe key GBV and safety risks of **population groups** **who** **are**\n**in** **particularly** **vulnerable** **situations** such as women and\ngirls with disabilities, pregnant and lactating women,\nadolescent girls and elderly women, as well as to gain a\ndeeper insight into already **existing** **community** **response**\n**and prevention mechanisms** .\n\n- Deploy **health** **brigades** and provide comprehensive sexual\nand reproductive health services ensuring the capacity to\nrefer and accompany GBV survivors to hospitals including to\nClinical Management of Rape (CMR) services. Train health\nbrigades on GBV and CMR if required.\n\n- **Address** **gaps** **in** relation to the existing lack of access to\n**basic** **services**, including health services, sufficient food\nassistance, and education services for children. **Address key**\n**infrastructure** **gaps** to ensure temporary accommodation\ncenters provide basic and safe infrastructure including\nsufficient lighting, safe access to sex-segregated Water,\nSanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities such as lockable\nlatrines and showers, and safe sleeping arrangements\nincluding the provision of sex-segregated accommodation\nspaces.\n\n\n\nTransit centre of the Escola Primaria Jembesse _- Cuthuca_\n\n\n\n\n- Establish **clear referral pathways** for referral of survivors to essential GBV services, staffed with staff trained\nin survivor-centred approaches and response\n\n- Provide **GBV case management** **and** **mental** **health** **and** **psychosocial** **support** **(MHPSS)** **services** on site for\nGBV survivors.\n\n- **Build** the **capacities** **of** **accommodation** **center** **staff,** **humanitarian** **actors** **and** **community** **leaders** in\nProtection, GBV, including survivor-centered referrals, PSEA and disability inclusion.\n\n- **Build** the **communities\u2019** **awareness** **about** **PSEA** **and** **how** **and** **where** **to** **refer** **GBV** **survivors** in a survivorcentered way with the consent of survivors.\n\n- Provide access to **safe spaces** for women and girls.\n\n- Ensure GBV survivors who wish to **access legal services** are able to do so in a safe and survivor-centered way.\n\n- Provide **cash** **for work (CfW)** **opportunities** to women and men with a focus on single and unaccompanied\nwomen and adolescent girls ensuring they receive access to basic goods and services. Include population\ngroups with specific vulnerabilities such as persons with disabilities in these activities. Take potential GBVrelated risks into consideration when planning and designing CfW opportunities.\n\n\nHumanitarianresponse.info page link\n\n_For more information, contact GBV AoR coordinator Giulia di Porcia (diporcia@unfpa.org)_\n\nFor more information, contact GBV AoR Coordinator XXX XXX xxxxxx@unfpa.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6c8b965-8d8a-39ac-88ce-d87e9a25c74a/gbv_aor_nampula_ilha_gbv_safety_audits_march_22_gombe_cyclone.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_806/raw/doc_806_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_806/raw/doc_806_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 178a87cc4bd2b5e6462b52728eba959db222bb88..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_806/raw/doc_806_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,441 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **IRAQ**\n## **GBV Sub-Cluster** **Strategy for 2016**\n\n**GBV Sub-Cluster - Iraq**\nEndorsed: 19 April 2016\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Contents**\n\n**Acronyms** **3**\n\n\n**Introduction** **4**\n\n\n**Strategy Development Process** **5**\n\n\n**Priority Issues** **5**\nDomestic Violence 5\nForced Marriage, including Child Marriage 6\nSexual Violence, Harassment and Exploitation 7\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence (CRSV) 8\nLack of Social and Economic Power 8\n\n\n**Objectives and Approaches** **9**\n_Objective 1: Response_ _10_\nCase Management & Psychosocial Support (PSS) 11\nHealth 12\nSafety and Security 13\nAccess to Justice 13\n_Objective 2: Prevention & Mitigation_ _14_\nAwareness Raising and Outreach 14\nCross-Sector GBV Risk Mitigation 14\nSocial and Economic Empowerment 15\n_Objective 3: Coordination & Advocacy_ _15_\nCoordination and Data Management 16\nContingency Planning and Emergency Response 16\nFundraising 17\nLegal and Policy Framework 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Acronyms**\n\nAoR\nCRSV\nDTM\nDCVAW\nGBV\nGBVIMS\nHRP\nIASC\nICCG\nIDP\nIOM\nIPV\nISIL\nKRI\nKRG\nMHPSS\nMoH\nMoI\nMoLSA\nNGO\nOCHA\nPSS\nRRM\nRPA\nSGBV\nSOP\nUN\nUNDAF\nWASH\nWG\n3RP\n\n\n\nArea of Responsibility\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence\nDisplacement Tracking Matrix\nDirectorate for Combatting Violence against Women\nGender-Based Violence\nGender-Based Violence Information Management System\nHumanitarian Response Plan\nInter-Agency Standing Committee\nInter-Cluster Coordination Group\nInternally Displaced Person\nInternational Organization for Migration\nIntimate Partner Violence\nIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant\nKurdistan Region of Iraq\nKurdistan Regional Government\nMental Health and Psychosocial Support\nMinistry of Health\nMinistry of Interior\nMinistry of Labor and Social Affairs\nNongovernmental Organization\nOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\nPsychosocial Support\nRapid Response Mechanism\nRapid Protection Assessment\nSexual and Gender-Based Violence\nStandard Operating Procedures\nUnited Nations\nUnited Nations Development Action Framework\nWater, Sanitation and Hygiene\nWorking Group\nSyria Regional Refugee Response Plan\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Introduction**\n\nIraq is experiencing a double crisis of displacement. Syrian refugees, which currently total over\n244,527 [1] individuals, have fled the armed conflict in Syria and have sought refuge primarily in the\nKurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Compounding this crisis is the larger scale internal displacement of\nIraqis who continue to flee areas controlled by the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\n(ISIL) and the subsequent military operations by government and allied forces to regain territory.\nThe country has been wracked by successive waves of displacement, with current estimates of 3.2\nmillion internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 458,358 returnees. [2] In total, 8.2 million [3] Iraqis require\nimmediate protection assistance as a direct consequence of violence and conflict. The number in\nneed across Iraq is expected to increase in 2016, with further internal displacement affecting more\ncommunities and the anticipated return of some Iraqis to their areas of origin.\n\nGender-based violence (GBV), particularly sexual violence, is a widespread and alarming element of\nthe dual crisis. Sexual violence is used as a tactic of terror in the armed conflict, primarily targeting\nwomen and girls of specific ethnic and religious minority groups in Iraq and Syria. Those living in\nareas under ISIL control are at risk of rights violations, abduction, sexual slavery, rape, torture and\nabuse. However, the less recognized impacts of displacement affect far more refugees, IDPs and\nhost communities. As displacement becomes protracted, families resort to negative coping\nmechanisms under the strain of prolonged uncertainty and diminishing resources. For example,\nwomen and girls are subject to increasing restrictions that, while meant to protect them, in effect\nreduce livelihood opportunities and undermine their already weak social position. For Iraqis,\ndisplacement has exacerbated already high rates of intimate partner violence, honor crimes, sexual\nexploitation, harassment and early and forced marriage that existed prior to the recent conflict. The\nvulnerability of certain groups, such as female-headed households, widows, women with disabilities\nand adolescent girls, compound the challenges they face.\n\nIt is essential that GBV comes to the forefront of humanitarian response in Iraq. The specific needs\nof people at risk of GBV, especially women and girls, have been neglected across all sectors, while\nthe potential to minimize GBV risks and provide quality multi-sector care for survivors is great. And\nas the crisis in Iraq evolves, so too must the organized, lifesaving response to GBV. Prior strategies\nwere developmental in focus, as they were developed before the current crisis and not designed to\nrespond to the IDP crisis that occurred. After the refugee influx and first waves of IDPs into KRI, a\nGBV strategy for multi-sector prevention, response and coordination in KRI was developed, but it did\nnot account for response in the rest of the country.\n\nIn 2016, refugees are entering their fourth year of displacement, Iraqis in the central part of the\ncountry are being displaced in ever larger numbers, some families are returning to their homes\nwithout resources and services, and many Iraqis remain in ISIL-controlled areas without\nhumanitarian access. The GBV Sub-Cluster has continually learned from past efforts and has adapted\nthis responsive and nationwide strategy for GBV prevention, response, coordination and advocacy,\nin line with the Protection Cluster, Syria Regional Refugee Response Plan and Iraq Humanitarian\nResponse Plan. This strategy is intended to provide a framework for all actors involved in addressing\nGBV in the humanitarian context in Iraq, including implementing agencies (governmental and nongovernmental), United Nations, donors, and the broader humanitarian community.\n\n\n1 UNHCR Iraq, Inter-Agency Operational Update, 28 November 2015.\n2 IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 34. September 2015.\n3 OCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO), 2016.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Strategy Development Process**\n\nThe Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Sub-Cluster strategy development process included 1) a miniworkshop with Erbil-based GBV Sub-Cluster members; 2) a consultation with the Ministry of Labor\nand Social Affairs (MoLSA) of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG); 3) a mini-workshop for\nBaghdad-based GBV Sub-Cluster members; 4) a consultation session with NGOs operating in central\nIraq; and 5) workshops with the Dahuk and Sulaymaniyah sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)\nWorking Groups (WG), with consideration of 6) the initial findings of IOM\u2019s assessment of GBV risks\nfor IDPs living in critical shelter arrangements and camps; 7) the Regional Evaluation of the GBV\nGuidelines Implementation; and 7) the newly revised Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)\n_Guidelines for Integrating GBV Interventions in Humanitarian Action_ . [4] The process engaged local and\ninternational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), KRG and federal government representatives,\nand United Nations (UN) agencies on the most important GBV issues related to the current\nhumanitarian crisis in Iraq.\n\nBuilding on the work and experience of the former KRI SGBV Sub-Working Group and the Baghdad\nSGBV WG (which pre-existed the current crisis), the GBV Sub-Cluster Strategy looks at GBV in\nhumanitarian response and with a \u2018whole of Iraq\u2019 approach. It addresses both prevention and\nresponse measures as well as programmatic and structural challenges.\n\n#### **Priority Issues**\n\n\nA range of gender-based violence and other protection concerns for women and girls exist\nthroughout Iraq. Given limited resources and the need for targeted, quality approaches, the GBV\nSub-Cluster will focus its response, prevention, advocacy and coordination efforts on the following\npriority GBV issues, as identified through the aforementioned consultations:\n\n\n**Domestic Violence**\n\nActors of all types across Iraq consistently and overwhelmingly identified domestic violence\n(intimate partner violence, IPV, and other GBV within the home) as the number one priority GBV\nissue. Iraq had a high level of domestic violence before the current mass displacement, with 46% of\nmarried women exposed to at least one form of spousal abuse (UNDAF 2014). [5] From July 2015 to\nFebruary 2016, 47% of reported GBV cases involved IPV, showing that IPV is serious concern among\ncommunities for which women and girls are actively seeking support. [6] Participatory assessments,\nNGO consultations and anecdotal reports point to a rising trend in the incidence of domestic\nviolence, which is directly attributed to the experience of forced displacement. Consultation during\nstrategy development strongly reinforced this message.\n\n4 [https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/files/guidelines-integrating-gender-based-violence-interventions-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/files/guidelines-integrating-gender-based-violence-interventions-humanitarian-action)\n[humanitarian-action](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/files/guidelines-integrating-gender-based-violence-interventions-humanitarian-action)\n5 Due to various reasons (e.g., the stigma, shame and fear associated with GBV within communities), incidents often go\nunreported; thus, actual figures may be higher.\n6 GBVIMS, July 2015 - February 2016. Data is only from reported cases and is in no way representative of the total\nincidence or prevalence of GBV in Iraq. Statistics are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBV\nInformation Management System (GBVIMS) for data collection in the implementation of GBV response activities in a\nlimited number of locations across Iraq and with the consent of survivors.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Participatory assessments", - "confidence": 0.5310436487197876, - "start": 443, - "end": 445 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.5588849186897278, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV\nInformation Management System", - "confidence": 0.6378760933876038, - "start": 571, - "end": 575 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.7635305523872375, - "start": 529, - "end": 530 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.98385089635849, - "start": 558, - "end": 559 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6990746855735779, - "start": 535, - "end": 536 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.8371569514274597, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Overcrowded accommodation, financial strain, shifts in traditional gender roles, insecurity and other\nfactors directly related to displacement are contributing to high levels of stress within households,\nwhich in turn is manifesting as physical, verbal and emotional abuse targeted at women, girls and\nboys either due to their perceived weaker role within the household, or to enforce compliance with\nexpected gender roles. Deeply entrenched cultural norms strongly deter women from reporting\nincidents, considering fear of persecution that can result in death, stigma, discrimination and shame.\nSo-called \u201chonor killing,\u201d or the murder of a family member due to the perpetrators' belief that the\nvictim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family or has violated the principles of a community\nor a religion, often by engaging in some form of extra-marital engagement, is a common fear and\nprevents survivors from reporting incidents. A significant majority of Syrian refugee women (85%)\nsaid that they knew or had heard of a woman or girl being killed to preserve the family\u2019s honor. [7]\n\nLegal redress for GBV survivors is weak, and there are many structural, socio-cultural and legal\nobstacles that limit prosecution. Despite new legislation, the Iraqi Penal Code continues to allow\nreduced sentences for \u201chonor\u201d crimes, lenient punishments if the accused has \u201chonorable motives,\u201d\nperpetuating impunity and silence among survivors. Treatment of survivors by law enforcement\nofficers and the inconsistent application of existing laws further exacerbate this. Levels of reporting\non GBV were low prior to the conflict, with only 2.8% of women willing to report violence to the\npolice due to fear of damaging their reputation (51.4%) or because they consider the police unable\nto solve the problem (30.8%). [8]\n\n\n**Forced Marriage, including Child Marriage**\n\nMany of the identified priority protection issues follow a similar pattern, with pre-crisis major areas\nof concern being exacerbated and increased as a result of the crisis. Prior to the crisis, 21% of girls\naged 15-19 were married, and 5.5% of girls under the age of 15 were married despite that the legal\nage to marry is 18. [9] Though these are alarmingly high rates, feedback from organizations indicates\nthat it is even higher among the internally displaced and refugee populations.\n\nThe conflict has increased the level of threat, both real and perceived, to women and girls while\nsimultaneously deepening men\u2019s social role as \u2018protector.\u2019 This combination has contributed to\nmarriage being seen as a means to protect young girls and women, increasing rates of forced and\nchild marriage. Child marriage is likewise being used to cope with diminishing resources, especially in\nprolonged displacement, through reducing the household size and gaining monetary compensation\nfrom the groom. In 2015, the Education Cluster assessed the major risk factors preventing girls from\nenrolling to school and continuing their education, and the assessment revealed child marriage as\nthe foremost risk factor faced by 11-18 year old girls. [10] Even prior to the onset of the recent conflict,\nchild marriage was a risk for girls, which has been documented as prevalent among Syrian refugee\ngirls; financial motives and protecting girls from violence and harassment are commonly cited\nreasons. [11] Additionally, many families are afraid to send their girls to school for security concerns as\nadolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to multiple forms of violence and have limited support\nsystems and access to information and services. For example, child survivors represented 18% of the\nreported GBV cases from July 2015 to February 2016, demonstrating the need for GBV and Child\n\n\n7 \u201c\u2018We Just Keep Silent\u2019: Gender-Based Violence amongst Syrian Refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq\u201d. UN Women,\n2014.\n8 Iraq Woman Integrated Social and Health Survey (I-WISH) Summary Report March 2012\n9 UNDAF, 2014.\n10 Education Cluster Iraq Dashboard: Bersive 1 and 2, Qadia, Karabato 1 and 2, Chamisku, June 2015.\n11 Are we listening? Women affected by the Syrian Crisis, IRC, 2014; We just keep silent, UN Women, 2015\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protection (CP) actors to work together to respond to and prevent various forms of GBV experienced\nby girls and boys, including harassment, sexual abuse, child marriage. [12]\n\nEfforts to address child marriage have brought together CP and GBV actors to strengthen case\nmanagement and referral systems and increase awareness of the consequences of early marriage\nand rights of girls and how to address this. However, roll out of developed case management\nguidance has not yet reached all relevant stakeholders across governorates, and coverage of\ncampaigns is limited. Furthermore, significant religious and legal/judicial barriers to preventing child\nmarriages exist. The amended Law on Personal Affairs No. 188/1959 sets the minimum age of\nmarriage at 18 years. Despite this, children between the ages of 15 and 18 can legally marry with\napproval from their legal guardians. The KRG raised the age to 16, but it remains below the global\nstandard of 18 years.\n\n\n**Sexual Violence, Harassment and Exploitation**\n\nUprooted from the protection of familiar communities and challenged to meet basic needs,\ndisplaced women, girls and boys face increased GBV through public harassment and exploitation.\nPrior to the crisis, 19.5% of women 15-54 years old were exposed to violence in the street during a\none-year period, 18.9% were exposed to violence in the market, and 10.5% on transport. [13] Children\nhave also reported harassment on the way to and during school to be a cause of dropping out. [14,15]\n\nSexual violence is a major concern despite it being highly underreported due to a number of serious\nfactors, including: risks, threats and potential trauma faced by those who come forward; significant\ngaps in available services; restrictions on movement; shame, fear, stigma and discrimination; risks of\nretaliations and \u201chonor killings\u201d; impunity for perpetrators; and the existence of mandatory\nreporting of sexual violence by government health staff. Feedback from communities and service\nproviders indicate an increase of sexual violence within communities, directly related to the crisis\nand mass displacement. However, when reporting of GBV does happen, it is untimely, with only 9%\nof GBV cases reporting within three days of the incident. [16] Timely reporting is critical for addressing\nthe mental and physical health needs, including preventing long-lasting psychological effects of\ntrauma and providing lifesaving HIV post-exposure prophylaxis ad other immediate medical care.\n\nGaps in humanitarian aid have increased risks of violence and heightened the likelihood of women\nand girls being forced to engage in negative coping strategies (like survival sex or early and forced\nmarriage) to meet basic needs. Displaced women, especially widows and female-headed\nhouseholds, are particularly vulnerable to GBV. Safety audits in IDP and refugee sites identified\nsecurity risks for women and girls, including long distances to collect water, poor lighting at\nsanitation facilities, and overcrowded living. A recent study among IDPs living in critical shelters and\ncamps found that 64% of latrines surveyed were both unsegregated and without locks, representing\na significant risk of violence for women and girls. [17] Threats to their physical safety and security and\non-going harassment are part of the daily reality for many IDP women and girls.\n\n12 GBVIMS, July 2015 \u2013 February 2016. Data is only from reported cases and is in no way representative of the total\nincidence or prevalence of GBV in Iraq. Statistics are generated exclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS\nfor data collection in GBV response activities in a limited number of locations across Iraq and with the consent of survivors.\n13 \u201cIraq Woman Integrated Social and Health Survey (I-WISH) Summary Report\u201d, March 2012.\n14 \u201cUncertain Futures: The impact of displacement on Syrian refugee and Iraqi internally displaced youth in Iraq\u201d. Save the\nChildren, 2016.\n15 \u201cInitial Findings of GBV Risk Assessment in IDP Camps and Critical Shelter Arrangements across Iraq\u201d. IOM, September\n2015.\n16 GBVIMS, July 2015 \u2013 February 2016. This statistic represents all GBV cases, not just sexual violence.\n17 GBV risks amongst IDPs Living in Critical Shelters and Camps, International Organization for Migration (IOM), September\n2015\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Safety audits", - "confidence": 0.5715305209159851, - "start": 509, - "end": 511 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.861127495765686, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.727282702922821, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7285028100013733, - "start": 545, - "end": 546 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9791021943092346, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "data collection in GBV response activities", - "confidence": 0.5853264927864075, - "start": 648, - "end": 654 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6777006983757019, - "start": 677, - "end": 678 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV service providers", - "confidence": 0.7597396373748779, - "start": 640, - "end": 643 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "GBV service providers", - "confidence": 0.9648405313491821, - "start": 640, - "end": 643 - }, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.9934960603713989, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5496030449867249, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Iraq Woman Integrated Social and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.5634486079216003, - "start": 671, - "end": 678 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "I-WISH", - "confidence": 0.5820454359054565, - "start": 679, - "end": 680 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.9740381836891174, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6256861090660095, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5740262866020203, - "start": 764, - "end": 765 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CRSV)**\n\nISIL has systematically used sexual violence against women and girls to instill terror in areas under its\ncontrol and as a means of suppressing or destroying communities that are not in accordance with its\ndoctrines, targeting specific ethnic and religious communities. The ethnoreligious identity politics\nthat predate the current crisis increase the risk of the use of CRSV in potential revenge violence,\npossibly in areas of return with ethnically mixed populations. Displacement caused by conflict also\nincreases risk of GBV, including sexual violence, to women and girls on their journey to safety and\nwithin their new community. These issues require both prevention and response, but long-term\nsupport and reintegration are not widely available for survivors of CRSV who have already returned\nto their families and communities. Lifesaving higher-level mental health interventions are not always\navailable, and where female gynecologists, psychiatrists and psychologists do exist, they struggle to\nmeet demands and provide adequate follow-up care. This includes linking survivors to social\nreintegration services. Participants in the strategy development consultations emphasized how\nadequate follow-up care cannot be addressed through one-time service provision.\n\nAs areas controlled by ISIL are retaken by government and allied forces and the extent and\nconsequences of sexual violence amongst women and girls become known, there is a time-sensitive\nneed to initiate extensive dialogue with all sectors of Iraqi society on how to address the long-term\nconsequences of CRSV to survivors and their families, including the children born as a result of CRSV.\nFor example, the legal framework does not allow for the registration of children born out of sexual\nviolence, demonstrating the complex nature of the matter and highlighting the need for urgent\nattention from government, religious leaders and all segments of Iraqi society. Adoption is not a\ncommon practice, and abortion remains illegal.\n\n\n**Lack of Social and Economic Power**\n\nSurvivors\u2019 need for empowerment was commonly mentioned during the strategy development\nconsultations, particularly in relation to the vulnerability caused by economic dependency. Women\u2019s\nlimited livelihood options and reliance on male family members raise their susceptibility to\nexploitation and denial of essential resources and increase vulnerability to other forms of GBV.\nWomen may also not have any feasible means to escape a violent situation without access to\nlivelihoods. Additionally, economic vulnerability of female-headed households correlates with higher\nrates of child marriage and child labor, where girls and boys may be exposed to GBV. However,\nlivelihood opportunities are largely unavailable for women and girls. For example, 23% of reported\nGBV cases expressed the need for livelihood services but no such service existed for referral. [18]\nFurthermore, the limited social space previously enjoyed by women and girls has been\nsystematically eroded, as families try to protect women and girls by restricting movement and\nexposure to public life. The result is social isolation, disempowerment and often depression and\ndespair, all of which hamper recovery and healing for those who have experienced GBV.\n\n\n18 GBVIMS, July 2015 \u2013 February 2016.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The current situation in Iraq is highly complex, with many drivers and dynamics contributing to an\nalarming increase in protection concerns, including GBV. Addressing GBV, in particular sexual\nviolence, in the current context is a lifesaving priority. Yet the humanitarian response is chronically\nunderfunded, and the GBV Sub-Cluster is caught simultaneously nurturing the development of its\nmembers while preventing and responding to GBV. For these reasons, the GBV Sub-Cluster must\nfocus efforts on a few key areas of intervention that will produce the largest impact. Coordinated\nresponse according to an agreed plan (i.e., the GBV Sub-Cluster Strategy) will enable sub-cluster\nmembers to use resources as efficiently as possible.\n\nThe GBV Sub-Cluster Strategy consists of three objectives to address the priority issues:\n\n\n##### Improve capacity for timely delivery of quality, multi-sectoral response for GBV\n\nsurvivors\n##### Build community resilience to prevent and mitigate acts of GBV and harmful\n\ntraditional practices\n\n\n### **1.** **2.** **3.**\n\n\n##### Strengthen coordination and advocacy on GBV prevention and response among\n### 3. GBV Sub-Cluster members, other humanitarian actors and clusters, Iraqi civil\n\nsociety, UN, government authorities and communities\n\n**Geographic Coverage:**\nThis strategy does not prioritize specific geographic areas, given the fluid conflict dynamics and the\nwidespread nature of GBV affecting all parts of Iraq. Instead, interventions will be prioritized based\non lack of resources on the ground and scale of identified needs. In line with the Iraq Protection\nCluster\u2019s approach, the GBV Sub-Cluster Strategy emphasizes the need to provide services to **non-**\n**camp** and **difficult-to-access** locations. Over 90% of IDPs and over 60% of refugees do not live in\ncamps. Rather, they live with host families, in rented accommodation, unfinished buildings, religious\nbuildings and other arrangements in urban and rural areas. This can create a strain on local\nresources and exacerbate social tensions, especially where the ethnic and/or religious demographic\nhave changed. Furthermore, approximately 72% of IDPs are located outside the Kurdistan Region,\nyet a lack of protection services exists in those governorates, despite the high need. [19] Many other\nIDPs are living in inaccessible areas under ISIL control. Engaging in GBV prevention and response\nactivities in these areas is difficult, and possibly life threatening, but as accessibility improves and\nreturns increase, communities will require protection support.\n\n**Overarching Approaches:**\nServing these populations requires creativity, as non-camp populations are often scattered over\nlarge areas, and data about their whereabouts is imperfect or nonexistent. Even when services are\navailable, it is challenging to inform a scattered population about its availability. Transportation is\nalso an issue, especially for women and girls who usually experience mobility constraints. To address\nthis, GBV actors should focus on **mobile** and/or **integrated** service delivery approaches, utilizing\nshared spaces (co-locating) with other service providers, such as Child Protection, Legal and\nLivelihoods. And improved strategies for **communication** with communities is paramount.\n\n\n\n19 IOM DTM, Round 34, December 2015\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "To increase sustainability, efforts will be made to **strengthen national actors\u2019** ability to provide\nhigher quality GBV services, especially in KRI, that are survivor-centered and in line with\ninternational standards and best practices, as well as initiate structured and responsible transition of\nservice delivery from international to national actors that includes continued mentorship and\nsupport. Sustainability also involves supporting **community-based solutions** that educate and\nempower the community to support survivors, address GBV risks and prevent violence.\n\nBased on contextual gender analyses, humanitarian actors in Iraq must acknowledge the different\nvulnerabilities that put men, women, boys and girls at heightened risk of violence to ensure nondiscriminatory care and support for all survivors; however, **attention should be given to women and**\n**girls** due to their documented greater vulnerabilities to GBV, the overarching discrimination they\nexperience, and their lack of safe and equitable access to humanitarian assistance. [20]\n\nThe design and delivery of all interventions should be **survivor-centered,** meaning that the survivor\u2019s\nrights, needs and wishes are prioritized. This approach helps to promote a survivor\u2019s recovery and\nstrengthen her or his ability to identify and express needs and wishes; it also reinforces the person\u2019s\ncapacity to make decisions about possible interventions. Additionally, agencies should be guided by\na **human rights-based** approach that seeks to analyze the root causes of problems and redress\ndiscriminatory practices that impede humanitarian intervention. This approach seeks to attend to\nrights as well as needs. And legal and moral obligations, along with accountability, inform the way\nthese needs are determined and addressed.\n\n**Guiding Principles for all GBV Interventions:**\nLastly, all elements of GBV prevention, response, coordination and advocacy should adhere to, at a\nminimum, the following guiding principles:\n\n - **Safety** : The safety and security of the survivor and others, such as her/his children and\npeople who have assisted her/him, must be the number one priority for all actors.\n\n - **Confidentiality** : People have the right to choose to whom they will, or will not, tell their\nstory. Maintaining confidentiality ensures the survivors, witnesses and information sources\nare protected, and informed consent is obtained before action is taken.\n\n - **Respect** : All actions taken should be guided by respect for the choices, wishes, rights and\ndignity of the survivor, and be guided by the best interests of the child.\n\n - **Non-discrimination** : Survivors of violence should receive equal and fair treatment regardless\nof their age, gender, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation or any other\ncharacteristic.\n\n###### **Objective 1: Response**\n\n\nThe foundation of the GBV Strategy lies in service provision for GBV survivors across Iraq. The GBV\nSub-Cluster aims to ensure services are accessible, prompt, confidential and appropriate to survivor\nneeds, wishes and decisions, and available in locations where there is need. Caring for survivors of\nGBV means comprehensively and systematically addressing the various needs of a survivor, which\nmay span different sectors of assistance. Thus, a multi-sectoral model should be used to ensure\nholistic interventions that involve inter-agency collaboration and coordination across key sectors,\nincluding (but not limited to) psychosocial, health, legal/justice and security. The GBV Sub-Cluster\nStrategy complements and reflects the endorsed GBV Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)\ndeveloped for Iraq, which further detail individual organizations\u2019 roles, responsibilities and\nprocedures with regard to GBV prevention and response.\n\n20 _Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action_ . IASC. 2015\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Case Management & Psychosocial Support (PSS)**\n\nCase management forms the core of GBV service provision. This aims to systematically assess the\nneeds of a survivor and arrange, coordinate, monitor, evaluate, and advocate for a package of\nmultiple services to meet the survivor\u2019s specific needs. While progress has been made in initiating\ncase management services in several governorates, greater attention should be placed on **improving**\n**the quality of existing case management services** to reduce the risk of re-traumatizing and doing\nfurther harm to a survivor. Case workers should be well trained and continuously and systematically\nsupervised and mentored by qualified personnel. They should be able to provide ongoing basic\ncounseling and PSS to beneficiaries, and to refer survivors to higher-level psychological care if and\nonly when appropriate. Agencies and donors should also recognize the importance of staff\nwellbeing, and promote and institutionalize **staff care** initiatives for GBV service providers, as burn\nout and the risk of secondary/vicarious trauma for case/social workers is high.\n\nCase management and PSS are now primarily offered through static or mobile **dedicated safe spaces**\n**for women and girls** . Safe spaces ensure that women and girls feel comfortable and safe to report\nand receive care after a GBV incident and receive information about available services and\nassistance. They also create an environment in which women and girls can share their common\nchallenges and stresses and engage in PSS, social and recreational activities, which prevent isolation\nand promote healing. For those who have experienced violence, trust-building social and\nrecreational activities serve as an entry point to specialized services such as case management or\nPSS. New and existing PSS activities should **integrate mental health, psychoeducation, healing and**\n**positive self-esteem approaches** within programming approaches, which is currently lacking across\ngovernorates. This is particularly important so that services reach survivors who will not come\nforward for direct counselling but may benefit from group PSS in which they do not have to disclose\nGBV incidents they have experienced. If spaces also host activities for men and boys, they must not\nnegatively affect women and girl\u2019s participation and ensure that they still remain comfortable and\nhave means of confidentially and privately accessing GBV response services.\n\n**Government** PSS and case management services, where they exist, should be holistically supported\nto provide quality services, instead of one-off trainings. Approaches used should be comprehensive\nand systematic and **address governance and service delivery needs** . Similarly, national actors have\nexpressed the need to improve quality of care and increase their technical knowledge and skills.\n\nIn line with the principle of **non-discrimination**, service providers should ensure they are inclusive\nand accepting of male survivors, host community members and those of all religions/ethnicities. GBV\nservice providers must recognize differences in caring for child and male survivors and ensure staff\nare properly trained and supported to ensure further harm is not done to survivors by untrained\npersonnel. Given the lack of resources and large scale of GBV involving children, the GBV SubCluster, in collaboration with the CP Sub-Cluster, in 2016 will focus on building capacity on **caring for**\n**child survivors** of sexual abuse and developing **specific PSS programming for adolescent girls** .\n\nProperly designed and disseminated referral pathways both assist in providing survivors with timely\nservices and ensure that the risk of re-traumatization is reduced. Led by the governorate-level GBV\nworking groups (or lead case management agency where a working group does not exist), referral\nnetworks will be strengthened, and all service providers should be aware of appropriate services for\nGBV survivors. **Referral pathways should be created in a participatory and inclusive process with all**\n**relevant sectors** (governmental and non-governmental). Organizations should be assessed prior to\ninclusion in referral pathways, and inclusiveness of government agencies and community structures\n(including camp management agencies) that provide survivor-related services or are entry points for\nsurvivors should be integrated and improved. Referral pathways should reflect agreements between\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Child Protection and GBV actors (if/when both are present in a given area) on which agency should\nhandle cases of child survivors (e.g., early marriage), while a child survivor shall not be denied\nservice if she or he chooses to report to a GBV service provider. Where possible, GBV and CP referral\npathways can be integrated. Moving beyond simply disseminating referrals pathways, agencies in\nvarious sectors will be supported to understand how and when to use them and how to make\ncompassionate and appropriate referrals that do no further harm to survivors.\n\n**Mental health** and psychosocial support (MHPSS) actors form a key component of the referral\nsystem for survivors to access higher-level psychological care. Links between GBV case management\nagencies and MHPSS providers will be improved, and the follow up of cases will be ensured for\ncontinuation of care. Most survivors do not require higher-level MH services and can receive\nnecessary care by well trained and supervised case workers and social workers. GBV agencies should\nclearly understand if/when to refer survivors to higher-level mental health care. MHPSS actors will\nalso be better engaged in GBV contingency planning and emergency response efforts as per their\nessential role in first-line GBV response, ensuring qualified personnel to handle severe cases of GBV.\n\n\n**Health**\n\nImmediate access to medical care for survivors of GBV, particularly physical and sexual violence, is a\nlifesaving first-line response for the GBV sector. In many settings, the health sector is the entry point\ninto GBV service provision for survivors. As a first contact and/or providers of lifesaving services,\nhealth care providers bear a responsibility of identifying a GBV survivor\u2019s needs with sensitivity and\ncompassion and provide appropriate services and referrals. However, in Iraq, this is not the case due\nto the shame, stigma and fear associated with reporting, particularly to health providers. This is in\npart due to mandatory reporting laws that require government health providers to notify local\nauthorities of any sexual violence and child abuse cases.\n\nAdditionally, there is a lack of adequately **trained medical personnel on GBV concepts and clinical**\n**management of rape (CMR)** . Survivors are not able to access the few existing CMR services due to\nexisting policy constraints. A **national protocol on CMR** for treatment, referral and documentation\ndoes not yet exist for KRG or federal Iraq. Developing and rolling it out will require investment in\nstreamlining systems, training, post-rape care supply chain management, and ongoing support to\nhealth facilities. In addition, medical personnel are not trained on immediate psychosocial support\nand confidentiality, and most of medical facilities lack adapted and private spaces to receive\nsurvivors. Fear of reprisal from survivors\u2019 families and perpetrators also deter health providers from\ncaring for survivors and providing adequate care.\n\nWhile the GBV Sub-Cluster has shifted responsibility of CMR to the Health Cluster and Ministry of\nHealth (MoH), it remains committed to supporting the health partners, especially in ensuring quality\npsychosocial care in line with survivors\u2019 best interests. The GBV Sub-Cluster will also promote\ntraining/mentoring of female health staff and GBV focal points within facilities, encourage self-care\nfor health workers, distribute treatment protocols for sexual violence and GBV referral pathways in\nfacilities, ensure availability of post-rape kits, and conduct outreach and awareness raising on the\nimportance of **timely reporting of sexual violence** . The GBV Sub-Cluster will advocate to ensure the\n**Minimum Initial Service Package** for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations is available in all health\nresponses, including CMR, and will continue to work with the MoH and Health Cluster to develop\nCMR protocol that reflect international standards that allow women to choose to whom to report\ncases and receive immediate treatment. The GBV Sub-Cluster will also engage stakeholders to clarify\nlaws that pertain to women\u2019s, girls\u2019 and survivors\u2019 health, including mandatory reporting by health\nworkers, and provision of safe abortions for those at risk of suicide from honor-related violence.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Safety and Security**\n\nSurvivors of GBV, especially domestic and sexual violence, have limited options to ensure their safety\nand security, amid immense fear for their life (e.g., honor killing). Married women suffer immense\nhardship in this context, making divorce a difficult option. Though a few exist in KRI, temporary safe\nhouses/shelters are unavailable in most locations, and when they are available, they insufficiently\nmeet the needs of survivors and their children. GBV actors should assist the government in **creating**\n**SOPs for managing existing and creating new safe shelters** and improving critical infrastructure.\nAdditionally, training and ongoing support to agencies operating safe shelters is essential, as well as\nthe inclusion of specialized GBV services within shelters.\n\nGiven the militarized context and involvement of security forces in IDP and refugee movement,\nrelocation and return, **the security sector, police and military personnel should be educated** about\nGBV, have **private rooms** for meetings with individuals who have been exposed to GBV, ensure\n**same-sex interviewers**, and institute **protocols for referrals** to other sectors. Preventing retraumatization at the hands of the security sector is of upmost importance.\n\nOverall, protection actors need to **improve information collection regarding gender and GBV** and\nunderstand the risks women and girls face in various displacement situations in a more\ncomprehensive manner. GBV actors, and the GBV Sub-Cluster, have an obligation to advocate for\nintegration of GBV in protection monitoring and assessments.\n\n\n**Access to Justice**\n\nEssential in meeting the various needs of survivors, as well as vulnerable groups of women and girls\n(e.g., female-headed households), is the provision of free or low-cost **legal counselling,**\n**representation and general court support**, where GBV can be challenged. Actors should also ensure\nsystems are in place to **monitor court cases and judicial processes** . Strengthening access to justice\nwill require a longer-term approach, involving improved accountability, fighting against impunity,\nempowering women\u2019s organizations, building the capacity of local lawyers, strengthening security\nand protection measures for those who seek justice, and strengthening the capacity of the judiciary\nand the police. In particular, police will have to guarantee respect and confidentiality and must\ninclude **trained female officers** to receive and follow-up GBV complaints. Furthermore, legal services\nshould be made available in all locations where there is a need, and support should be provided to\nthose who are unable to access courts or legal centers. For example, mobile legal aid services can\nplay a key part in areas where there is a lack of services.\n\nCapacity-building efforts for the Ministry of Interior (including DVAW), Ministry of Labor and Social\nAffairs and other relevant government bodies should be **structured and enforce survivor-centered**\n**approach** . Many of the legal needs of GBV survivors regard **legal documentation** . Women\u2019s\nvulnerability increases when they cannot access basic documents, such as marriage and divorce\ncertificates. As such, legal aid centers should assist women in finding these, recognizing that they are\ncritical for the enforcement of women\u2019s rights and their further protection.\n\nMediation is commonly used as a tool to address GBV in Iraq. This is known to be a problematic for\nthis purpose and risks further harm to survivors; therefore, use of **mediation should be discouraged** .\nWhere it is used, careful steps should be put in place to ensure mediation is protective of survivors.\nNevertheless, capacity building should be done for actors using mediation as a tool to deal with GBV.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Objective 2: Prevention & Mitigation**\n\nIn Iraq, prevailing attitudes and beliefs have been identified as enabling factors for GBV. Although a\nslow process, changing perceptions, attitudes and behaviors is an ongoing need and priority for longterm impact. The Dahuk GBV WG, in particular, emphasized the importance of raising women and\ngirls\u2019 awareness of their legal rights and entitlements. With this knowledge, women and girls will be\nempowered to make informed decisions and have the ability to claim their rights. Community-based\nsolutions to prevent and respond to GBV and create safer and more protected environments for\nwomen and girls are paramount for sustainability, and should include men and boys. Additionally, all\nhumanitarian personnel should assume GBV is occurring and threatening affected populations, treat\nit as a serious and life-threatening problem, and take actions to prevent and mitigate it within their\nsectors.\n\n\n**Awareness Raising and Outreach**\n\nMass awareness campaigns on GBV issues have largely focused on KRI. While there is a need to\n**strengthen the behavior change approach** of campaigns, greater attention should be placed on\nareas outside KRI for outreach and awareness raising on GBV to ensure survivors are aware of\nservices available and encourage survivors to access resources. **Involvement of** **government and**\n**community structures** should be improved, and the participation of the community in design,\nplanning, implementation and evaluation of campaigns should be ensured.\n\nGBV service providers, especially PSS and case management agencies, are responsible for conducting\ntargeted outreach efforts in consultation with the community and government that should include,\nat a minimum, causes and consequences of GBV, context-specific guidance on what to do if GBV\noccurs, availability of resources and services, and instructions on how to access them.\n\nCommunity engagement strategies (including development of IEC materials) in hard-to-reach areas\nhave been prioritized for 2016 to enable GBV organizations to use them to raise awareness on\nservices and encourage survivors to access care. This is particularly important in hard-to-reach\nareas. Engaging community leaders is essential in securing their buy-in of services and support in\nreferring survivors.\n\nEssential to working with communities is ensuring open channels of communication. Pursuant to the\nProtection Cluster\u2019s strategy, agencies must ensure they develop **accountability mechanisms** to the\naffected population through functional, accessible complaint and reporting mechanisms and\nensuring staff are trained on a **code of conduct** . Though ultimate responsibility for Prevention of\nSexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) lies with Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) in Iraq and\nindividual agencies, the GBV Sub-Cluster will work with/support the in-country PSEA focal point\nnetwork on common objectives related to addressing PSEA. Recently, guidance has been issued on\nthe implementation of the Secretary General\u2019s Plan of Action contained in the report of the\nSecretary General on Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse from\nFebruary 2015. The Plan of Action is aimed at strengthening the zero tolerance policy and the UN\u2019s\nresponse to SEA under the three-pronged strategy of prevention, enforcement and remedial action.\n\n\n**Cross-Sector GBV Risk Mitigation**\n\nIn 2016, Iraq has been selected as part of the global roll out of the 2015 IASC _Guidelines for_\n_Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action_ with the support of the\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Global GBV Area of Responsibility (AoR). The GBV Sub-Cluster will support other clusters with GBV\nrisk mitigation efforts through **training and ongoing mentoring** that include **developing strategies to**\n**integrate GBV risk mitigation and response** within clusters and agencies. The GBV Sub-Cluster will\nalso continue to advocate for the involvement of women and girls in all stages of project cycle,\nespecially planning (e.g., site planning, WASH facility locations, NFI material selection) and\nassessment. Given the dynamic conflict nature in Iraq, assessments occur frequently but lack\nadequate gender lens, particularly with regard to identifying GBV risks. Cross-sector engagement\nneeds to include improvements on tools and implementation of assessments to safely and ethically\ncollect relevant data (including sex- and age-segregated, same-sex interviewing, and training\ninterviewers on GBV sensitivity and referral).\n\nThe roll out of the _GBV Guidelines_ by a GBV AoR consultant will initially focus on a few clusters in\nIraq that will be chosen in consultation with global clusters to promote cluster ownership of the\ninitiative. Interventions in Iraq will build on previous efforts by the GBV Sub-Cluster, especially the\n\u2018buddy\u2019 system whereby a GBV specialist worked with Health and WASH clusters on mainstreaming\nand integration. For example, sub-cluster members reviewed other cluster/sector\u2019s strategies and\nHumanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) and created GBV checklists for reviewing submitted\nHumanitarian Response Plan (HRP) proposals. This system will be bolstered, especially for clusters\nnot included in the _GBV Guidelines_ roll out by the consultant.\n\n\n**Social and Economic Empowerment**\n\nEducation and income-generation projects also comprise both psychosocial and GBV prevention\nprogramming. Though income-generating projects promote women\u2019s economic self-sufficiency, they\noften can shift traditional gender roles within households and alter power differentials between\nmale and female family members that may increase tension and lead to greater risk of domestic\nviolence. Thus, actors need to **actively monitor and responsibly address potential GBV risks**, ensure\nwomen know how to access to response services, and actively engage men in prevention efforts.\nIncome-generating projects should go **beyond simple vocational training** by being **well researched**\n**based on market gaps/opportunities.** Projects should be based on consultations with beneficiaries,\nlink beneficiaries with markets and supplies for sustainability, and develop business skills.\n\nIn Iraq, cash assistance has shown promising results in supporting vulnerable households and\npromoting economic independence. **Cash transfer mechanisms should be strengthened** to ensure\nmore responsible delivery that reduces risk of harm to women and girls. For example, when cashbased interventions are insufficient to meet a family\u2019s needs, are not contextualized or only target\nmale heads of households, at-risk groups (e.g., female-headed households) may be forced or\ncoerced to provide sex in exchange for food and material supplies or engage in physically dangerous\njobs for money. GBV Sub-Cluster members should work with the Cash Working Group to develop\nguidance on how to prioritize cash transfers for at-risk women to meet basic needs and protect from\nnegative coping strategies (e.g., survival sex), exploitation, abuses and GBV.\n\n###### **Objective 3: Coordination & Advocacy**\n\n\nEnsuring better, more targeted, responsible and responsive action for GBV prevention and response\nrequires strong and supportive coordination and advocacy that are closely connected with needs of\nbeneficiaries and service providers on the ground. The GBV Sub-Cluster will focus on improving\nnational and sub-national coordination and data management, ensure timely and contextualized\ncontingency plans and emergency response, adequately fundraise, and influence legal and policy\nframeworks relevant to women and girls, especially survivors of GBV.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex- and age-segregated", - "confidence": 0.5952627062797546, - "start": 144, - "end": 148 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.9390637874603271, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Coordination and Data Management**\n\nDialogue with the different actors and across locations revealed uneven knowledge of, and\nparticipation in, the cluster system-led response. Without coordination and communication between\nGBV actors, across sectors and between government and humanitarian actors, there has been\nduplication of efforts, disjointed strategies and inefficiently used resources. In 2016, **linkages**\n**between national and governorate-level GBV coordination structures** will be improved and\nstructured, as will connections with other local coordination mechanisms (e.g., protection WGs, CP\nWGs, OCHA/ICCG) where they exist. New working groups or focal points will be formed and\nsupported by the national GBV Sub-Cluster through a formal process based upon agreed criteria.\n\nThe GBV coordination structure lacks adequate inclusion of NGOs, with UN agencies playing the\nleading role in decision making, planning and strategic direction. Greater effort will be made to\ninclude NGOs as leaders in coordination given their advantage as service providers with firsthand\nknowledge on implementation issues and survivor needs and wishes.\n\nThe national GBV Sub-Cluster will update its **GBV SOPs** and ensure adequate roll out in the\ngovernorates. The GBV Sub-Cluster will work more closely with the Child Protection Sub-Cluster to\nenhance synergies and common approaches on joint projects, which include case management,\nadolescent girls programming, caring for child survivors of sexual abuse and child marriage issues.\nThe GBV Sub-Cluster will also improve its responsiveness to Protection Cluster needs and improve\nvisibility and inclusivity of GBV issues.\n\nThe need to create an evidence base through better information management and data/trend\nanalysis was widely expressed during strategy development consultations, which would help in\nadvocacy and designing more effective prevention and response services. However, greater efforts\nneed to be made in ensuring all partners understand the principles of **safe and ethical data**\n**collection**, as well as **confidentiality and data privacy** to safeguard survivors, communities and\nservice providers. In 2016, GBVIMS will expand to additional partners and include greater\ndissemination of shareable data. Greater effort should be made to **support partners in data**\n**collection and submission** using the tools. **Safety audits** of IDP and refugee sites will be routinely\ncollected across governorates by trained personnel to identify GBV risks, trends across sites, and\ninform advocacy and cross-sector GBV risk mitigation. Information management will capitalize on\nexisting data collection and reporting (e.g., IOM DTM, protection monitoring, RPA) and use various\nsources to **produce useful materials** for information sharing, visibility, advocacy and fundraising.\nNational partners and government agencies, in particular, will be supported to improve on data\ncollection, project monitoring and reporting (e.g., into Activity Info and GBVIMS).\n\n\n**Contingency Planning and Emergency Response**\n\nLessons learned from the governorates strongly encourage support for improved contingency\nplanning and emergency response. For example, after the retaking of Sinjar, Ninewa Governorate, by\ngovernment security forces, the release of hundreds of minority women who experienced multiple\nforms of GBV (including gang rape) during ISIL captivity significantly overwhelmed existing response\ncapacities for both NGOs and government in Dahuk Governorate. As the conflict in Iraq progresses,\nplanning for similar events is necessary and must be inclusive of local government bodies that are\nultimately responsible for the protection of civilians (e.g., governorate-level DoLSA, DVAW). Key\nmulti-sector agencies that have some capacity and/or presence in these response locations should\nbe identified and **adequately equipped with the knowledge and tools necessary for a rapid GBV**\n**response** . They must also be sufficiently funded through **emergency funding mechanisms** to enable\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.65236496925354, - "start": 372, - "end": 373 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "IDP and refugee sites", - "confidence": 0.6337265372276306, - "start": 418, - "end": 422 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9341947436332703, - "start": 370, - "end": 371 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM DTM", - "confidence": 0.6468784809112549, - "start": 465, - "end": 467 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "them to deploy immediately after conflict outbreak, working alongside or integrated within key\nsector responses such as health, food, CP and WASH. Contingency planning should also be linked\nwith the existing rapid response mechanism (RRM) and rapid protection assessments (RPA) to\nactivate emergency GBV responses following RRM distributions and RPAs, and information on GBV\nservices should be provided at distribution points.\n\nProviding specialized GBV response services is part of first- and second-line GBV response efforts in\nevent of an emergency (especially in regard to CRSV). Therefore, increased involvement of MHPSS\nactors in GBV emergency contingency planning and response is essential.\n\n\n**Fundraising**\n\nAll actors involved in the consultation sessions noted that financial resources are limited, which\nconstrains their ability to implement. This is a problem across sectors as the Strategic Response Plan\nand HRP were both gravely underfunded, and the Government is dealing with both an expensive\nmilitary operation and the depressed price of oil.\n\nFundraising will prioritize **meeting the unmet needs of ensuring minimum standards** in basic,\nlifesaving GBV service provision. To improve fundraising efforts, GBV Sub-Cluster will increase its\nvisibility efforts and material output through improved data collection as described above and\nidentifying target audiences for advocacy. Following the Protection Cluster\u2019s direction, the majority\nof funding will focus on **neglected areas outside of KRI** as they become more accessible. Funding of\ncapacity-building projects for government and local partners should ensure additional and qualified\nhuman resources are included, given the time-consuming nature of technical support, and a\n**structured approach** that goes beyond training.\n\nBased on strategic objectives and programming gaps identified by governorate WGs and focal\npoints, the GBV Sub-Cluster will play a larger role in consistently engaging with donors and\nadvocating for funding for GBV prevention and response. Funding for emergency response capacities\nwill also be prioritized given the outbreak-prone nature of the crisis in Iraq.\n\n\n**Legal and Policy Framework**\n\nThough there are myriad advocacy needs throughout Iraq, including those specific to KRG, the GBV\nSub-Cluster will focus on a few priority advocacy topics based on identified needs, evidence base,\nconsultations and realistic achievements. These topics will be decided upon with sub-cluster\nmembers when developing a separate **advocacy strategy** that identifies key issues, relevant\nstakeholders and an implementation plan. Various avenues will be used to advance the advocacy\nagenda, including working with the NCCI Advocacy Working Group, Protection Cluster, donors,\nindividual agencies, government counterparts, etc.\n\nThe GBV Sub-Cluster will also support **existing government- and national NGO-led efforts**, including\nUN General Assembly Resolution on the protection of women and girls from minority communities\nfrom violent extremism and terrorism proposed by the High Council for Women\u2019s Affairs and\nsupported by the Government of Iraq leadership.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7b5840ee-6ff0-3698-b5db-fef3cc2dca0f/gbv_sub-cluster_strategy_iraq_2016_full_endorsed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_807/raw/doc_807_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_807/raw/doc_807_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c290cd308dd0b2f91835932f54814604da904d39..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_807/raw/doc_807_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,145 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**1) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u06448102 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a-**\n\n\n**:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629**\n\n\n\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u06449 8112\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\n\n\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649.\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\n\n\n\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\n\n. 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627\u066a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u064382\n\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \"\u0627\u0622\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\" \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\n\n.\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\n\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 .\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\n\u0628\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\n\n.\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\n\n\n) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u066a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \"\u0627\u0622\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u06469( \"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u064818 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u064618\n\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\n.\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18839722-f1fd-3019-824f-4dc6ab25bccc/gbv_trend_analysis_report_arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Perpetrator types per Incident types for age group 12-17 / \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0623
17-12 \u0629\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0629\u0626\u0641\u0644\u0644 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0627 \u0646\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0646
25%
21%
20% 18%
17% 17%
15%
9%
10%
8%
4%
5%
3% 3%
1%
0%
Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 others \u0646\u064a\u0631\u062e\u0622 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 others \u0646\u064a\u0631\u062e\u0622 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641
\u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645
Early marriage \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0627Denial of resources Rape \u0628\u0627\u0635\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627 Sexual Assault Psychological/Emotional Abuse \u0629\u064a\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627/\u0629\u064a\u0633\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0627 \u0629\u0621\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0625\u0627 Physical Assault \u064a\u062f\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0625\u0627
\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627 opportunities & \u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627
services \u0646\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627
\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627
\u062a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0648|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**21%**
**17%**
**1%**
**4%**
**9%**
**8%**
**17%**
**3%**
**3%**
**18%**
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Early marriage \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631
Denial of resources
opportunities &
services \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a
Rape \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628Sexual Assault
\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a
Psychological/Emotional Abuse\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629/
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629Physical Assault \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a
Perpetrator types per Incident types for age group 12-17 / \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062912
-
17|Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Early marriage \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631|Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Denial of resources
opportunities &
services \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Rape \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628|others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646
Sexual Assault
\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646
Psychological/Emotional Abuse\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629/
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Physical Assault \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a|\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Perpetrator types per Incident types", - "confidence": 0.8525242209434509, - "start": 1, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f", - "confidence": 0.5789356827735901, - "start": 357, - "end": 360 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/18839722-f1fd-3019-824f-4dc6ab25bccc/gbv_trend_analysis_report_arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_808/raw/doc_808_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_808/raw/doc_808_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e5785d097ed50a5d20f0ca8c51597530f4fa14d6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_808/raw/doc_808_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **GBV Incident Recorder Report (November- December 2018) [1]**\n\n**Introduction:**\n\n\nThis report is based on the analysis of data collected in November and December 2018 in North West Syria\nby 9 GBV Sub-Cluster (SC) members. The data has been collected by the GBV SC members\u2019 caseworkers\nand field teams and shared with the GBV SC coordination team on a monthly basis and using a\nstandardized and simplified incident recorder tool [2] .\n\n\n\n**Gender and Age Composition:**\n\n\n100% of reported incidents involved\nfemale survivors; 78% of which were\nadults (above 18), while the remaining\n22% of incidents were committed\nagainst adolescent girls (12-17).\n\n\n**Trend of GBV Reported Incidents:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIncidents reported during this period show high prevalence of psychological/emotional abuse and physical\nabuse (37% and 26% respectively). Denial of resources counts for 20% of total reported incidents; rape\nand sexual assault add up to a total of 10%, while early/forced marriages count for the remaining 7%. This\nreflects a situation of high psychosocial distress in which women/girls live, both within and outside the\nhome. It is also to be noted that, based on global findings, some GBV types are usually less reported than\nothers and this is the case for the Syrian context as well, where cultural/traditional norms and the fear of\nstigma make it often difficult for women and girls to report GBV incidents in general and incidents of\nsexual violence more specifically. Other GBV types are not always identified as such and do not always\n\n\n1 This analysis is based solely on data shared with the GBV SC by a number of member organizations providing GBV\nresponse services to survivors in their area of operation. It doesn\u2019t therefore provides an overall view of GBV\nsituation in northwest Syria.\n2 In October 2018, the GBV SC introduced a new simplified Incident Recorder to be used by organizations providing\nGBV case management to record the number and type of cases they support with case management on a monthly\nbasis.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Incident Recorder Report", - "confidence": 0.9995431900024414, - "start": 3, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5995690822601318, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV SC coordination team", - "confidence": 0.8330000042915344, - "start": 71, - "end": 75 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North West Syria", - "confidence": 0.9953187108039856, - "start": 40, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7264277935028076, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data shared with the GBV SC", - "confidence": 0.6636568307876587, - "start": 317, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV SC", - "confidence": 0.8266631364822388, - "start": 321, - "end": 323 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.892699122428894, - "start": 354, - "end": 356 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "prompt help-seeking behavior, which is the case of early/forced marriage, largely accepted as the norm\nin NW Syria.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Incidents per Age Group:**\n\n\n_Adult women:_ Psychological/emotional abuse remains rampant for adult women with 39% of the total\ncases reported by this age group followed by physical assault and denial of resources, opportunities and\nservices. It is worth noting that all of the reported physical, emotional and sexual violence incidents that\nwere committed against adult women were perpetrated by intimate partners.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Adolescent girls_ : Adolescent girls seem to be exposed almost equally to psychological abuse (27%),\nphysical abuse (21%). Early marriage counts for 21%, while denial of resources for 17% of the total GBV\ncases involving adolescent girls. Sexual assault and rape, if read in conjunction, amount to a worrying 14%.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Perpetrator analysis:**\n\n\nWhen it comes to the perpetrator\u2019s\nprofile, what stood out was the most\nwas that in 91% of reported GBV\nincidents, the perpetrators belonged\nto the first circle of survivors\u2019 relations\n(partner/husband, family member,\netc.). In particular almost half of the\nreported incidents (49%) were\nperpetrated by an intimate partner,\nwhile 42% of incidents were\nperpetrated by a family member. Yet\nin 8% of the incidents, the perpetrator\nwas unknown.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Looking a bit deeper into the types of incidents and the corresponding types of perpetrators, the data\nshows- as the figure below demonstrates - that psychological/emotional and physical abuses are primarily\nperpetrated by an intimate partner: On the contrary 76% of the denial of resources, opportunities and\nservices incidents where perpetrated by family members. Lastly, rape and sexual assault incidents, were\nprimarily committed by \u201cOther\u201d perpetrators, which tends to suggest that this form of violence happens\neverywhere.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBoth adult women and adolescent girls are primarily exposed to psychological and emotional abuse as\nwell as physical assault by their intimate partners or family members. This demonstrates that women and\ngirls often live their everyday life in a violent environment, not feeling safe even at home. Additionally,\nfor adolescent girls, this data is likely linked to the high prevalence of early marriages among identified\nadolescent survivors as child marriages are usually highly characterized by greater domestic violence.\n\n\nSexual harassment involving 12-17 age group were mainly committed by \u201cother\u201d perpetrators (9%) in\ncomparison to sexual violence incidents against adult women which were mainly committed by intimate\npartners and family members. This highlights the specific vulnerability of adolescent girls and the fact\nthat they are exposed to different forms of gender based violence both inside and outside of their homes\nand at the hands of both intimate partners, family members as well as strangers.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Perpetrator types per Incident types for age group 12-17 / \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0623
17-12 \u0629\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0629\u0626\u0641\u0644\u0644 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0627 \u0646\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0646
25%
21%
20% 18%
17% 17%
15%
9%
10%
8%
4%
5%
3% 3%
1%
0%
Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 others \u0646\u064a\u0631\u062e\u0622 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641 others \u0646\u064a\u0631\u062e\u0622 Intimate Partner Family member \u062f\u0631\u0641
\u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0629\u0644\u0626\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0646\u0645
Early marriage \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0627Denial of resources Rape \u0628\u0627\u0635\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627 Sexual Assault Psychological/Emotional Abuse \u0629\u064a\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627/\u0629\u064a\u0633\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0627 \u0629\u0621\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0625\u0627 Physical Assault \u064a\u062f\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0625\u0627
\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627 opportunities & \u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627
services \u0646\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627
\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627
\u062a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0648|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**21%**
**17%**
**1%**
**4%**
**9%**
**8%**
**17%**
**3%**
**3%**
**18%**
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Early marriage \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631
Denial of resources
opportunities &
services \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a
Rape \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628Sexual Assault
\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a
Psychological/Emotional Abuse\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629/
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629Physical Assault \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a
Perpetrator types per Incident types for age group 12-17 / \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062912
-
17|Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Early marriage \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631|Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Denial of resources
opportunities &
services \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Rape \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628|others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646
Sexual Assault
\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
others\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646
Psychological/Emotional Abuse\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629/
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629|Intimate Partner
\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645
Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629
Physical Assault \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a|\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Perpetrator types per Incident types", - "confidence": 0.8525242209434509, - "start": 1, - "end": 6 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family member \u0641\u0631\u062f", - "confidence": 0.5789356827735901, - "start": 357, - "end": 360 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2d249ebd-a470-347c-9bfc-ae5ecb9eb80c/gbv_trend_analysis_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_809/raw/doc_809_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_809/raw/doc_809_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6fa1c0c6d8df41d034eabe81960f52871fd134b6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_809/raw/doc_809_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protection Alert: A Forgotten Crisis in Chad\u2019s Lac Province**\n\n\n**02 July 2025**\n\n\n_The Global Protection Cluster (GPC) is issuing this Protection Alert to draw attention to a forgotten crisis in_\n_western Chad, primarily in the Lac province, a border region characterized by high socio-economic_\n_vulnerability and water surfaces that limit access to arable land; where armed attacks, the effects of_\n_climate change, limited access to essential services, and forced displacement are heightening protection_\n_risks for local communities._\n\n\nSince January 2025, there has been a resurgence of human rights violations in the Lac Province. The annual\nrise in lake water levels, typically observed around October, facilitates the movements of armed groups\ntowards island areas and villages, leading to sporadic incursions into residential areas and livelihood zones\n(fishing, agriculture, livestock). The rising waters have already displaced around twenty villages\n(approximately 2,520 people) in the Fouli department and the Ngouboua area and are also hindering\naccess to island villages to provide assistance and protection.\n\n\nThe gradual drying up of Lake Chad also poses a major threat: declining water levels, silting, and the retreat\nof islands are undermining community livelihoods, including agriculture, horticulture, fishing, trade, and\nlivestock. Frequent flooding adds additional pressure on already vulnerable communities.\n\n\nIn the first quarter of 2025, 356 protection incidents have already been recorded, including physical\nassaults, killings, abductions (including of children), looting, theft, property destruction, and gender-based\nviolence. The majority of attacks occur in fields and fishing areas: 56% during agricultural activities, 21%\nduring fishing, 12% during incursions into villages or displacement sites. Due to the gendered division of\nlabour in these communities, women and girls are particularly exposed to increased risks of violence and\nexploitation. Already in October 2024, more than 30,000 people (48% of whom were women and girls)\nwere forced to flee violence perpetrated by armed groups in Hadjer-Lamis province. These individuals are\nnow living in extreme precariousness, without humanitarian assistance, and exposed to increased\nprotection risks.\n\n\nDisplacement is also fuelling intercommunal tensions, particularly between displaced persons and host\ncommunities due to scarce resources. Between January and June 2025, seven communal conflicts,\nincluding two intercommunal and five related to land disputes, resulted in six deaths and 41 people\ninjured. Similar tensions are increasingly observed between lakeside communities, particularly in the\ndepartments of Fouli, Kaya, and Mamdi, due to disputes over newly arable or resource-rich lands suitable\nfor agriculture, fishing, and livestock rearing.\n\n\nThis violence against civilians has direct consequences on the safety of individuals and the continuity of\ntheir livelihoods; the deterioration of living conditions and well-being; an increased reliance on negative\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d164b38-2718-577b-bc84-11218052618d/gpc_protection_alert_chad_july_2025_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "coping mechanisms; heightened food insecurity and impacts on physical and mental health and limited\naccess to essential services.\n\n\nProtection actors continue to support survivors, providing referrals for medical, safety, psychosocial, or\nlegal support. Efforts are also underway to strengthen early warning mechanisms to help prevent and\nreport armed group incursions.\n\n\nHowever, these actions are taking place in a context of limited humanitarian capacity. The emergency in\neastern Chad, linked to the Sudan crisis (with Chad hosting 40% of all Sudanese refugees), is drawing most\nof the attention and available resources. At the beginning of 2025, protection activities also slowed down\ndue to a lack of funding and the suspension of some protection services. This imbalance is contributing to\nthe situation in the Lac Province becoming a forgotten crisis.\n\n\nThe Lac Province is home to over 220,000 displaced persons and 41,000 returnees. Chad, ranked among\nthe poorest countries in the world with 42% of the population living below the poverty line, is also the\nmost vulnerable to the effects of climate change [1] . In 2024, 1.9 million people were affected by\nunprecedented flooding, resulting in the destruction or damage of 217,000 homes. Without an adequate\nresponse, the situation could lead to ongoing violations on the dignity of vulnerable people an\nintensification of intercommunal tensions, and an increase in forced displacement.\n\n\nThe GPC urges all relevant stakeholders to act swiftly to ensure a protection-centred response that\nprioritizes the safety, rights, and dignity of affected populations. Priority actions include:\n\n\n - Increasing visibility and attention to the crisis in Lac Province.\n\n - Advocating for dedicated resources to restore and sustain essential protection services.\n\n - Advocating for unimpeded humanitarian access to all affected areas, enabling communities to\nreceive timely assistance and ensuring humanitarian actors can operate safely and reach those\nmost in need.\n\n\nFor more information on the protection situation in Chad, please contact:\n\n\n - [Chad Protection Cluster: bilounga@unhcr.org](mailto:bilounga@unhcr.org)\n\n - Global Protection Cluster: [HQPROCLU@unhcr.org](mailto:HQPROCLU@unhcr.org)\n\n\n1 [htps://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/](https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6d164b38-2718-577b-bc84-11218052618d/gpc_protection_alert_chad_july_2025_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_81/raw/doc_81_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_81/raw/doc_81_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e6bd5b33a54382fdeebe0a5d3f135eb90920634..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_81/raw/doc_81_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Annual** **Report**\n## **2023**\n##### Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n@3RPSYRIA\n\nWWW.3RPSYRIACRISIS.ORG\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_[Data Source: UNHCR data portal,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria)_\n_and Government of T\u00fcrkiye_\n\n\n\n_1_ _The host community is defined by looking at the administrative areas where_\n\n_refugees are present. Host communities can be targeted not only individuals_\n_but also as communities and institutional (municipalities and government_\n_institutions) levels._\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan", - "confidence": 0.8620213270187378, - "start": 6, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5856674909591675, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6389444470405579, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9651660919189453, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n**2023 SECTOR FUNDING**\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\nUSD\n\n\n\n\n\n0 300 million 600 million 900 million 1.2 billion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|$ 150 m receive|ed|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Protection**
$
$ **79 m** rec
$ **10.7 m** receiv
$ **0.7 m** received|**Protection**
$
$ **79 m** rec
$ **10.7 m** receiv
$ **0.7 m** received|$ **150 m** receive
**137 m** received
eived
ed|d||\n|**Food Security**
$ **5 m** received
$ **16 m** received|**Food Security**
$ **5 m** received
$ **16 m** received|||$ **182 m**|\n|**Education**
$ **52 m** re
$ **30.6 m** receive
$ **2.5 m** received
$ **1.2 m** received|**Education**
$ **52 m** re
$ **30.6 m** receive
$ **2.5 m** received
$ **1.2 m** received|ceived
d
$ **143.6 m** receiv|ed||\n|**Health**
$ **1.7 m** received
$ **51.4 m** receiv
$ **5.9 m** received
$ **0.7 m** received|**Health**
$ **1.7 m** received
$ **51.4 m** receiv
$ **5.9 m** received
$ **0.7 m** received|ed
$ **133.4 m** received|||\n|$ **3.4 m** received
**Nutrition**|$ **3.4 m** received
**Nutrition**||||\n|**Basic Needs**
$ **41 m** rec
$ **12 m** received
$ **2.3 m** received
$
3|**Basic Needs**
$ **41 m** rec
$ **12 m** received
$ **2.3 m** received
$
3|eived
$ **144**

**213 m** received|** m** received||\n|**Shelter**
$ **20 m** rece
$ **14.7 m** received
$ **2.3 m** received|**Shelter**
$ **20 m** rece
$ **14.7 m** received
$ **2.3 m** received|ived|||\n|**WASH**
$ **18 m** received
4|**WASH**
$ **18 m** received
4|$ **84 m** received|||\n|**ivelihoods and**
**ocial Cohesion**
$ **1.6 m** received
5|**ivelihoods and**
**ocial Cohesion**
$ **1.6 m** received
5|$ **107 m** rec|eived||\n|**Economic**
**mpowerment**6
$
$ **31.8 m** received|**Economic**
**mpowerment**6
$
$ **31.8 m** received|**84 m** received
|||\n|**Economic**
**mpowerment**6
$
$ **31.8 m** received|||||\n\n\n_Note: This breakdown does not include regional funding requirements and some other country-level requirements which have not yet been allocated to a sector._\n_All 3RP countries have the following sectors while four sectors are specific to the country context._\n\n_3_ _Jordan: The amount shown for the Basic Needs sector in Jordan includes food security requirements and received funding._\n_4_ _Lebanon: The amount shown for the WASH sector in Lebanon includes Energy requirements and received funding._\n_5_ _Lebanon: The amount shown for the Livelihoods and Social Cohesion sector in Lebanon includes Social Stability requirements and_\n\n_received funding._\n\n_6_ _Economic Empowerment is a new sector in T\u00fcrkiye and Jordan._\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n(Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, T\u00fcrkiye)\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n\n_Click to read more_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ncommunity.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP** / Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan\n\n\n\n**Annual Report 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "@3RPSyria\n\n[www.3RPsyriacrisis.org](http://www.3RPsyriacrisis.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbef6510-952b-4d42-9631-d6b876dc6bf1/3RP_Annual_Report_2023_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_810/raw/doc_810_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_810/raw/doc_810_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 664450f5a8bcf229438024d62fcc41fe2947e951..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_810/raw/doc_810_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protection Alert: Intensifying Crisis in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo**\n\n\n**27 January 2025**\n\n\n_The Global Protection Cluster (GPC) is issuing this Protection Alert in light of the escalating crisis and_\n_immediate protection risks to civilians in North Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Based_\n_on distressing reports from protection partners and the DRC Protection Cluster, this Alert seeks to draw_\n_attention to the worsening humanitarian situation and mobilize urgent action to protect civilians in the_\n_affected areas._\n\n\nSince the renewed M23 offensives near Goma on 23 January 2025, the conflict in eastern DRC has reached\nalarming levels of violence and forced displacement. Over the past week, the M23 armed group has seized\ncritical areas and cities in South and North Kivu, including Minova, Sake, Masisi and the fighting is now\nwithin the city of Goma, the regional capital.\n\n\nThe intensification of fighting around Goma has had devastating impact on civilians displacing over\n400,000 people since the beginning of the year and adding to the 6.7 million people already displaced in\nthe DRC [1] . Indiscriminate bombardments of densely populated areas including displacement camps since\n20 January have resulted in civilian casualties, including children, caused panic and triggered further mass\ndisplacements. Several displacement sites have reportedly been emptied within hours [2] . Reports also\nindicate that the M23 movement has systematically ordered the dismantling of sites in the areas now\nunder its control, forcing internally displaced persons to return to their areas of origin while the safety\nconditions are not fulfilled.\n\n\nHumanitarian access to displacement sites, to displaced people in host families and to areas under the\ncontrol of M23 remains extremely limited. Hospitals in the region are nearing capacity due to the influx of\ninjured civilians. Protection partners have reported widespread violations, including looting, physical\ninjuries, sexual violence, kidnappings and the arbitrary arrest of displaced individuals mistakenly identified\nas rebels or as associated to them.\n\n\nIn line with urgent appeals from the Humanitarian Coordinator in the DRC, the Deputy Emergency Relief\nCoordinator and the UN Secretary General, we call all parties to the conflict to:\n\n\n - Immediately halt the military escalation and comply with their obligations under international\nhumanitarian law.\n\n - Cease targeting civilians and essential civilian infrastructure, including displacement sites and\nother areas sheltering displaced communities.\n\n\n1 [UNHCR gravely concerned by worsening violence and humanitarian crisis in eastern DR Congo](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-gravely-concerned-worsening-violence-and-humanitarian-crisis-eastern-dr?utm_source=Klaviyo&utm_medium=campaign&_kx=-iHJBVJfnniwsSwpHPgTOERp8A3eltFmyCwH0GCGvIY.U4qgRF)\n2 According to CCCM cluster, among the 18 sites under CCCM mechanisms, 8 sites are 80% emptied or more while\nthe rest are 50% emptied. These data from the 27.01.2025 evolve every hour.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e49ca4cc-111d-483f-9d5c-11b466993b20/gpc_protection_alert_dr_congo_27_jan_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access to affected populations and guarantee the\nsafe passage of civilians fleeing active combat zones.\n\n - Refrain from forcing displaced people to return without their informed consent and make sure the\nprinciple of voluntary return in security and dignity is upheld in accordance with the pertinent\nprovisions of international human rights law.\n\n\nThe protection of civilians must be prioritized, and efforts should be directed towards achieving a peaceful\nresolution to the crisis.\n\n\nFor more information on the protection situation in DRC, please contact:\n\n\n - **DRC Protection Cluster** [: ndikumwe@unhcr.org;](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [lorraine.delimelete@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)\n\n - **Gender Based Violence AoR:** [chishugi@unfpa.org](mailto:chishugi@unfpa.org)\n\n - **Child Protection AoR:** [vwirth@unicef.org;](mailto:vwirth@unicef.org) [leonnelle.njouhou@savethechildren.org](mailto:leonnelle.njouhou@savethechildren.org)\n\n - **Mine Action AoR:** [nanakc@unops.org; nana.cisse@un.org](mailto:nanakc@unops.org)\n\n - **Housing, Land and Property AoR:** [madeleine.muganza@nrc.no](mailto:madeleine.muganza@nrc.no)\n\n - **Global Protection Cluster** : [HQPROCLU@unhcr.org](mailto:HQPROCLU@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e49ca4cc-111d-483f-9d5c-11b466993b20/gpc_protection_alert_dr_congo_27_jan_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_811/raw/doc_811_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_811/raw/doc_811_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f9c77b40ec52eae9b48120b542b6e32335093dee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_811/raw/doc_811_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Protection Alert: Escalating Crisis in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo**\n\n\n**14 February 2025**\n\n\n_The Global Protection Cluster (GPC) is issuing this urgent Protection Alert in response to the ongoing_\n_escalation of violence in South Kivu, particularly in the territories of Kalehe, Kabare and the surroundings_\n_areas of Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu. The crisis, driven by intensifying clashes between the FARDC_\n_(Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and M23 elements in the High and Middle_\n_Plateaus of Kalehe, has led to widespread displacement and severe human rights violations._ _The M23_\n_offensive towards Bukavu is of a particular protection concern, especially following the withdrawal of the_\n_UN Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) from the province in June 2024._\n\nSince the outbreak of violence, M23 forces have continued to advance significantly into South Kivu,\ncapturing key localities including Minova, Bulenga, Kalungu, Numbi, Lumbishi, Shanje, Mukwija, Kiniezire,\nMakelele, Nyabibwe, Bujuki, Lushebere, Nyamukubi, Bushushu, Ihusi and Kalehe. Katana, another major\ncity in the province, fell this Friday 14 [th] of February 2025 with M23 now advancing towards Kavumu\nairport. This advance has caused massive displacement of populations coming from North Kivu and South\nKivu, with many fleeing towards the southern parts of Kabare and neighboring territories in Idjwi island,\nand the city of Bukavu [1] . The situation has severely disrupted the daily lives of civilians, forcing entire\nhouseholds to abandon their homes in search of safety.\n\n\nThe consequences of this violence are devastating for the civilian population in South Kivu province.\nArmed elements, lacking access to essential supplies, have increasingly targeted civilians in villages, fields,\nand markets to loot goods and replenish their resources. Reports of severe human rights violations\ncontinue to emerge, including rape, assaults, looting, forced labor, and forced recruitment.\n\n\nThe rapid advance of M23 forces, with the stated objective of capturing key strategic locations such as\nKavumu airport and probably the city of Bukavu, has raised widespread concern among the local\npopulation. With the M23 now just 40 kilometers away, residents of Bukavu are on high alert, fearing\nfurther escalation and potential threats to their safety. Many are already fleeing to the south or abroad, if\nthey can afford to do so. The city is home to 1.3 million people. In coming days, it is expected that there\nwill be an even larger influx of people into Bukavu, followed by population movements towards the South.\nAccording to several humanitarian and protection partners, armed clashes within the city of Bukavu would\n\n\n1 [While it challenging to obtain exact figures on population movement due to the fluid situation, the Humanitarian Coordinator](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1160111)\nestimates that the recent clashes in the province have displaced at least 170,000 people. This figure does not account for\ndisplacement over the past two weeks. Protection partners conducting monitoring activities in the province have also reported\nthat 201,285 individuals were displaced to Kalehe and Bunyakiri, between January 23 and February 06. [OCHA estimates that since](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-intensification-des-violences-dans-les-provinces-du-nord-kivu-et-du-sud-kivu-rapport-de-situation-2-11-fevrier-2025)\nJanuary 29, at least 30,000 people from villages along the Minova coastline (Kasunyu, Nyamasasa, Ruhunde, Karango, and\nKiniezire/Mukwidja) have been displaced to the Idjwi territory, as well as to Kalehe center, Katana, Kavumu, Mudaka, and Bukavu.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/gpc_protection_alert_drc_14_feb_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "have more severe consequences for civilians than in Goma, considering the geographical, demographic\nand security configuration.\n\n\nThe displacement crisis is among the most alarming aspects of this situation. Thousands of people have\nbeen forced to flee their homes multiple times as the conflict continues to evolve. The vast majority of\nthese internally displaced persons (IDPs) are left with limited access to humanitarian aid and protection.\n\n\nHumanitarian access in South Kivu remains a challenge, as the road between Goma and Bukavu has been\ninaccessible since the re-escalation of violence in January. Alternative routes, including those via Lake Kivu,\nhave also been blocked, leaving Kavumu airport as the main access point.\n\n\nIn light of the escalating violence and its devastating impact on civilians, we call for:\n\n\n - An immediate halt to hostilities, avoiding in particular armed clashes within the city of Bukavu.\n\n - Immediate and robust action to strengthen the protection of civilians in and around the localities\nof Kavumu, Bukavu and its surroundings.\n\n - Unimpeded humanitarian access to affected populations in South Kivu and safe passage of civilians\nfleeing active combat zones.\n\n - Engage all parties to establish and respect protected zones and humanitarian spaces that not only\nprovide refuge for civilians but also safeguard essential humanitarian infrastructures, including\nwarehouses.\n\n\nUrgent measures must be taken to ensure the safety and dignity of those affected by the ongoing conflict,\nprevent further human rights violations, and provide support to the growing number of displaced\npopulations. The Protection Cluster continues to closely monitor the situation through ongoing\ncommunication with partners on the ground and community-based structures, who serve as the backbone\nof the protection response in the DRC. Despite extremely challenging circumstances, protection partners\nare committed and ready to deliver essential assistance to those in need.\n\n\nFor more information on the protection situation in DRC, please contact:\n\n\n - **DRC Protection Cluster** [: ndikumwe@unhcr.org;](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [lorraine.delimelete@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)\n\n - **Global Protection Cluster** : [HQPROCLU@unhcr.org](mailto:HQPROCLU@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/gpc_protection_alert_drc_14_feb_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_812/raw/doc_812_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_812/raw/doc_812_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 14adcf32226c4cd31dac460fcec4684927242e32..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_812/raw/doc_812_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,328 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh**\n## **Community Consultations: Adjustments to Assistance**\n### Impact and participation mechanisms for Rohingya Refugees\n\n##### **NOVEMBER 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nRohingya refugees living in Ukhiya and Teknaf in Cox\u2019s Bazar district have relied heavily on humanitarian assistance.\nFor the first time, the response to the Rohingya\u2019s protracted crisis has led to the reduction of refugees\u2019 food\nassistance and soap distribution, and an adjustment of assistance in Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as of September\n2023.\n\n\nAn estimated 965,467 [1] refugees used to receive food assistance via vouchers valued at US$12 per person per\nmonth, and families were able to choose from over 40 dry and fresh food items located at World Food Programme\n(WFP) outlets available throughout the camps. On February 2023, WFP announced [2] the reduction of food voucher\nentitlement from US$12 to US$10 per person per month starting 1 March 2023. A second round of reduction of\nfood voucher entitlement from USD$10 to USD$8 came into effect on 1 June 2023. The food cut announcement by\nWFP was made through various channels, including door-to-door leaflets, sub-block level key message\ndissemination, and outreach to different stakeholders at the outlets, with a focus on key messages for Beneficiary\nNominee Families (BNFs).\n\n\nThe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector also decreased the number of bathing soap on the 1 June 2023:\nrefugees are now receiving one bathing soap [3] per person per month instead of two. Additionally, the\nimplementation of pressure cookers was introduced (with associated training) to reduce the amount of LPG, with\nLPG refill adjustment starting on 5 June 2023 among the population who had already received pressure cookers [4] .\n\n\nRohingya Refugee Response partners seek to ensure refugees are participating meaningfully in decisions that affect\nthem and engage in priorities linked to the ongoing funding shortages. Considering the recent adjustments to\nassistance, the Protection Sector and its partners seek to strengthen Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP)\nin an effort to increase effective quality assurance across the response regarding the needs of people, and in\naccordance with their age, gender, and diversity.\n\nThis report reflects the findings from a series of community consultations conducted by the mentioned partners in\nAugust 2023 to better understand how the refugee community perceives the adjustments to assistance, and how\nthe humanitarian community can better involve them in any potential future decisions on adjustments. For more\ninformation, and on the methodology of the consultations, see the last page of this report.\n\nThe first part of this report outlines how refugees were consulted and how they learnt about the changes to food\nrations, soap rations, and LPG cycles, including information-provision and their understanding of the reasons why\nthese adjustments took place. The second part describes the impact that the adjustments of assistance had on\nspecific population groups and within the community, and any other possible impacts on access to other assistance\nand services, according to refugees. The third part outlines refugees\u2019 perceptions of the effectiveness of feedback\nchannels available to them during this time, and opinions and suggestions on how to improve the way in which\nhumanitarian organizations make these decisions, implement the changes, and communicate the updates. Finally,\nas a way forward, communities were also consulted on the assistance and services they would prioritize the most\nand the least, and any specific groups or persons who should be prioritized, if further adjustments were to take\nplace in the future.\n\n\n1 Figures as of 30 September 2023, UNHCR Operational Data Portal: https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/bgd\n2 WFP, Lack of funds forces WFP to cut rations for Rohingya in Bangladesh: https://www.wfp.org/news/lack-funds-forces-wfp-cut-rationsrohingya-bangladesh\n\n3 One (1) bathing soap is equivalent to 100-150 gm, and one (1) laundry soap is equivalent to 125-150 gm.\n4 By 4 September 2023, 95% of households had received pressure cookers. UNHCR distributed pressure cookers and provided training to all\nfamilies by the end of July 2023 in UNHCR AoR.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nThe views and priorities shared by refugees in this document through community-based consultations pave the\nway to improve decision-making processes that directly impact refugee lives and will help develop better\ncommunication and feedback tools to ensure accountability and transparency. Moreover, coordination of\ncommunity engagement will contribute to minimize risks of misinformation, rumours, and duplication of efforts,\nwhich will also allow to better respond by placing at the centre the dignity, capacity, and ability of Rohingya\nrefugees.\n\n\n**SCOPE OF CONSULTATIONS**\n\n\n### **1,028**\n\n\n\nConsultations\n\n\n### **1,028 116**\n\nParticipants\n\n\n#### **50%**\n\n\n#### **50% 48%**\n\n**Female** **Male**\n\n\n#### **48% 2%**\n\n**Male** **Other**\n\n\n#### **12%**\n\nPersons with\ndisabilities\n\n\n\n**# of Consultations (Focus Group Discussions)** **# of participants**\n\n\n\n12-17 years\n\n\n18-59 years\n\n\n60+ years\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### Participants by age group and sex\n\nMale Female\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThird gender: 19\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n#### **FINDINGS**\n\n\n**1.** **INFORMATION DELIVERY & PERCEPTIONS OF REASONS BEHIND ASSISTANCE ADJUSTMENTS**\n\n\nMost participants in the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were aware of the reduction of entitlement of the food\nvouchers but didn\u2019t have clear information about the reason behind it. Participants shared that they were not\nprovided with enough, clear, and accessible information on the reduction of entitlement of the food vouchers.\nSome of the reasons refugees thought were behind it, were a \u201cfunding crisis in the United Nations,\u201d the RussiaUkraine war, the earthquake in T\u00fcrkiye and an increase of food prices. Some people suggested pressure was being\nput on the communities to force them to go back to Myanmar or relocate to Bhasan Char.\n\n\nOlder men and women that participated in the consultations knew about the adjustment but learnt only through\nother family members and some via volunteers that reached out to them. In a group discussion, one of the older\nwomen thanked the organizations for seeking their participation prior to the introduction of the measure to reduce\nLPG. However, most of the older refugees stated that the provision of information wasn\u2019t fully tailored to their\nunderstanding, and pointed out that persons with disabilities and older persons who are bedridden should be\nprioritized when adjusting any assistance, given the barriers they already face to access information and services.\n\n#### _\u201cWe cannot understand the English writing in that paper.\u201d_\n\n - Older man, Camp 22.\n\nOlder women shared their thoughts about the reasons behind the adjustments, such as the Bangladeshi\nGovernment making this decision to pressure people to return to Myanmar due to increased security issues in the\ncamps. Others mentioned this was linked to their fate as an act of God\u2019s will.\n\n\nAcross the 36 FGDs held with Rohingya men, it was this group that showed to be better informed. Participants gave\nexplanations for what led to the \u201cfood cuts,\u201d including WFPs lack of funds and their need to extend assistance to\nnew emergencies in other parts of the globe (including T\u00fcrkiye, Ukraine, and Afghanistan, where a growing number\nof refugees need support). Men listed the following means by which they received information: Camp in Charge\n(CiC) office meetings, leaflets, humanitarian staff and volunteers, radio news, people within the community, and\ncommunity leaders.\n\n\nAlthough there was an overall understanding of the reason behind the adjustments, most of the men also believed\nsome rumours they heard in the community about the Government adopting a new policy to indirectly pressure\nthe community into accelerated repatriation. Other men pointed out that the authorities in the camp where\n\u201cimposing a punishment\u201d to the community due to the increased armed violence, and some suggested that the\nrapid growth of the population in the camps left WFP unable to assist everyone. Other reasons that came out of\nthe consultations with men included: reluctance amongst humanitarian actors and the Government to continue to\nsupport Rohingya refugees for a longer period as they were a \u201cburden\u201d for the country; humanitarian staff and\nvolunteers being paid from the funding allocated to assist the communities; and the interpretation that the sale\nsome of relief items by refugees meant a decrease in their needs.\n\n\nMen expressed their anxiety and fear about the future since they felt they couldn\u2019t manage their basic needs with\nthe reduced support. All participants agreed that there was a need to have clear information about the reason\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nbehind the ration cuts, so that the community could better adjust to the reduced support and be able to prepare\nbeforehand.\n\n\nOn the other hand, most of the women participating in the community consultations stated that they weren\u2019t\ninformed before the adjustments took place and weren\u2019t aware of the exact reason for the ration cuts nor believe\nin the accuracy of the information they were provided with. Women developed their own understanding based on\nunverified information received from different sources among the community, which includes: the Government\nputting pressure on them to move to Bhasan Char or Myanmar, WFP \u201cpunishing\u201d them for selling their items in the\nmarket, higher birth rates among the community, increased armed violence inside the camps, and not updating\ntheir data cards regularly, especially when someone dies.\n\n#### _\u201cIt is possible that the Government of Bangladesh aims to repatriate_ _us, but as refugees, we are unwilling to return to Myanmar without_ the assurance of justice. \u201d \u2013 Woman, Camp 8.\n\n\nParticipants with disabilities expressed the need for more information and sensitization on the adjustment of\nassistance. Women with disabilities were less aware of the changes in food rations than men; a few of them said\nthat they were informed by volunteers and that the reason for the reduction was the overlapping of new\nemergencies and consequences of the impact of COVID-19. However, most of the participants highlighted the lack\nof access to information as well as proactive mechanisms to collect their feedback.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n#### _\u201cWe don't know why these changes happened because nobody_ _described it to us. [As women] we can't go to collect relief items, so_ we can't ask them the reason.\u201d \u2013 Woman with disabilities, Camp 10.\n\n\nPregnant and lactating women were all aware of the adjustments in assistance and particularly referred to the\nreduction in food, with most of them giving their own explanation as to why this had happened based on what\ncommunity members had told them. They came to know of the adjustments from community volunteers working\nblock to block, site management support (SMS) volunteers, and community leaders (including Majhis and Imams).\nOne participant in the women-headed households focus group discussions said she didn't hear about any changes\nbefore they took place; she learnt about the food ration adjustment only when she received the token for the food\ndistribution and received the pressure cooker but wasn\u2019t aware about the extension of the LPG refill cycle. All 92\nadolescent girls and boys were aware of the adjustment of assistance; they were informed by WFP volunteers,\nleaflets, use of voice-amplifiers, community leaders, and their parents. Both boys and girls identified common\nreasons for the ration cuts such as the funding crises and global humanitarian issues, with girls additionally noting\nnatural disasters as the main reason. While both genders acknowledged severe impacts of the ration cuts, boys\nhighlighted adolescents moving to other countries and increased crime rates; and girls emphasized resorting to\nborrowing money and purchasing less essential food or hygiene items to cope with the adjustments.\n\n\nThird gender respondents heard about the changes to food rations, soap rations, and LPG from neighbours and via\nmessage dissemination through the leaflet distributed by WFP. However, they emphasized that the third gender\ncommunity lacks access to timely information about significant issues as they are not usually included in any kind\nof consultations.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nMessaging and information delivery failed to reach all population groups equally; women were less informed than\nmen and didn\u2019t have a clear understanding of the reason behind the adjustment of assistance \u2014 especially for the\nfood voucher reduction \u2014 which led to personal interpretations of these events, such as external pressure on\ncommunities to encourage repatriation and punish persons for increased violence in the camps, as well as the use\nof response funding to cover non-direct or in-kind assistance to refugees. Older people and persons with disabilities\nreceived communication through volunteers, but the majority stated that they wished they had been better\ninformed. Participants raised questions about their role in decision-making processes and suggested that such\nadjustments should be consulted and explained to them beforehand, so that they can prepare ahead and plan\naccordingly.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\n**2.** **IMPACT OF ASSISTANCE ADJUSTMENTS**\n\n\nAccording to the input gathered from men participating in the community consultations, they have been seriously\nimpacted by the adjustments in terms of associated safety and security concerns in the camps: theft, robbery,\nabduction, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Men stated that the adjustments have led to increased disputes\nand aggressive treatment within families:\n#### _\"Every month, we need to borrow rations from relatives and_ _neighbours. I have seen some resorting to illegal activities like theft,_ _looting, extortion, arbitrary detention, and physical torture to obtain_ money.\u201d \u2013 Man, Camp 8W.\n\n\n64% of the FGDs with men indicated that elderly people are more likely to be disproportionately affected by ration\ncuts due to their age, physical condition, and limited opportunities for alternative income sources; 47% of the FGDs\nconducted with men highlighted that people with disabilities were another vulnerable group that was most\naffected by the adjustments. Women-headed households were mentioned in 39% of the FGDs, while emphasizing\nthe challenges they face, such as the increased risk of human trafficking and gender-based violence. Widows were\nalso recognized as a group impacted by ration cuts in 31% of the discussions noting their lack of social security and\nlimited employment opportunities. 22% of FGDs point to larger families, while 14% to child-headed households \u2014\nwith both profiles at risk of engaging in hazardous alternative work arrangements to meet their basic needs.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nMost women who participated in the 36 FGDs indicated an increase in child labour, gender-based violence,\ntrafficking, theft and looting as a result of the adjustments. Some suggested that changes in food rations are leading\nto violence within families, as women can no longer cook proper meals. 22% of female FGDs identified widows as\nthe group most affected by ration cuts, followed by individuals engaged in cash-for-work schemes and those\nsuffering from chronic illnesses. 17% of the female FGDs listed women-headed households, elderly persons, and\nlarger families as groups that are disproportionally impacted by the adjustments, while 11% of FGDs highlighted\nunemployed individuals as being most hit by the adjustments, emphasizing their limited earning opportunities.\n\n##### **Population groups mentioned as most affected by adjustments to assistance**\n\n(number of FGDs in which mentioned, as percentage of total number of FGDs)*\n\n\n\nPersons with disabilities\n\n\nElderly people\n\n\nWomen-headed households\n\n\nWidows\n\n\nLarge families\n\n\nChildren and adolescents\n\n\nOthers\n\n\nChild-headed households\n\n\nPregnant and lactating women\n\n\nUnemployed people\n\n\nWomen\n\n\nUnaccompanied/separated children\n\n\nMen\n\n\n\n\n\n38%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMen with disabilities all agreed on the fact that they fully depend on assistance for a living, and therefore the\nreduction of LPG, food, and soap impacted their hygiene and well-being.\n\n#### _\"We can't shower properly due to reducing the amount of soap, and_ now the itchiness is increasing\". - Older man, Camp 22.\n\n\n- Most FGDs mentioned more than one population group as most affected.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nAll of the FGDs with men with disabilities shared that persons with disabilities in general were the most affected\nby the adjustments in assistance due to limited or no access to resources, followed by women-headed households\n(67%) and the unemployed (33%). Women with disabilities shared that their daily necessities were unmet: they\ndidn\u2019t have enough cooking oil, food, or extra soap for cleaning\u2014and mentioned an urgent need for medications.\nThe women felt that this had led to an increase in refugees leaving the camps to other countries. 100% of the FGDs\nwith women with disabilities believe that individuals with disabilities are the most affected by ration cuts,\nemphasizing their limited access to resources in general and their complete reliance on humanitarian assistance;\nhalf of the FGDs identified women-headed households to be the most affected; while 25% of the FGDs consider\nother groups such as children to be more impacted as it puts them at risk of hazardous child labour.\n\n\n89% of the FGDs with elderly men believed that women-headed households were the most affected by the\nadjustments, as they have limited access to income-generating activities; and 78% of the FGDs indicated that\nelderly people are the most affected by the ration cuts due to their overall health conditions requiring all nutrients:\ncarbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. On the other hand, 50% of the FGDs with elderly\nwomen expressed that people with disabilities were the most impacted; and 38% of the FGDs highlighted widows\nas the most affected group, since they rely heavily on rations and assistance. Older women pointed out the\ndeterioration in their mental health, and a constant feeling of stress due to a lack of resources.\n\n\nAll respondents from women-headed households believed that they themselves were the most affected by the\nration cuts, due to the social stigma and safety concerns when trying to look for employment outside their homes.\nSome added that they had resorted to selling some of their rice and oil to purchase other essential items. As a\nresult, at the end of each month, families encounter difficulties in providing enough food.\n\n#### _\"We sold rice and oil to buy necessary commodities; but after 20_ _days, almost all rationed supplies were exhausted. During the_ _remaining days of the month, we must live half-starved. As a result,_ _we are suffering from malnutrition and cannot receive proper_ treatment.\" - Older woman, Camp 24.\n\n\n60% of the FGDs noted pregnant and lactating women were the most impacted by the adjustments since children's\nfood supply is insufficient. Pregnant and lactating women stated that male family members are getting involved in\nillegal activities and that conflict and quarrelling have become regular issues because of unfulfilled basic needs.\nPersons with disabilities were also referenced as being particularly affected, given some unique dietary needs and\nnutritional requirements; and a smaller percentage of responses mentioned children as being the most affected by\nthe adjustments in assistance.\n\n\nAdolescent girls stated that all the community members have been affected by the adjustments since they used to\nsell food rations in order to fulfil their other needs such as clothing/shoes and soap. With the recent reductions,\nthey are forced to borrow money from others. They shared that children and adolescents were particularly\naffected, due to their nutritional demands to grow healthy. Adolescent boys also stated that everyone in the\ncommunity is affected by the assistance cuts, regardless of age, gender, and occupation. However, they felt persons\nwith disabilities, children, and adolescents are especially affected. Adolescents shared that child-headed\nhouseholds are becoming more involved in hazardous work to earn an income; and adolescent girls are being\nmarried off as they are sometimes considered a financial burden to the family.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nThird gender participants stated that they already face discrimination in terms of access to work, health, and\ncommunity activities. They are excluded from regular employment opportunities reserved for people complying\nwith heterosexual norms. Now with the recent shortage of assistance, life has become more challenging for them\nin terms of stigma and illness. One of the respondents shared an incident about a father of 14 daughters suffering\nfrom a heart attack as a result of hypertension when he learnt about the ration cuts. Third gender respondents\nhighlighted that violence (especially gender-based violence) has increased amongst family members because male\nproviders are failing to afford all the needs for their families. As a result, Rohingya men feel compelled to leave the\ncamps to earn money.\n\n\nOne of the community groups most affected by the adjustments, according to half of the FGDs with third gender\npeople, are the elderly, who no longer receive enough food and have limited medical treatment and adequate\nwater in some cases. Some of the participants also mentioned that most of the time, they find that the received\nrations are inedible or kept in an unhygienic environment during the distribution. Third gender participants also\nemphasized that they were one of the most affected groups of people in the Rohingya community due to the ration\ncuts. Due to their gender identity, they are already vulnerable to social stigma, which bars them from accessing\nregular income-generating sources; and the adjustments in assistance have further exacerbated this vulnerability.\n\n#### _\u201cWe are already a burden to the family. Now that we can no longer_ _contribute to our families\u2019 daily expenditure due to the ration cuts,_ we have become a bigger burden than before.\" - Third gender participant.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nAdjustments to assistance had a disproportionate impact on some of the refugee population groups. Older\nrefugees were particularly affected since they have less income-generating opportunities (needed to supplement\ntheir needs) due to age-related factors. Some children and adolescents were said to be engaging in dangerous work\nto make some money, and persons with disabilities experience significant challenges as they often face physical,\ncommunication and transportation barriers to move around the camp and obtain additional financial resources.\nWomen-headed households face social stigma and insecurity when seeking employment outside their homes to\ncontinue providing for their families, and pregnant and lactating women are struggling to address the unique\ndietary requirements of themselves and their babies.\n\n\nParticipants also reported widespread negative impacts on the physical wellbeing of all population groups, with\nmost of households eating smaller meals, cutting some food items, and experiencing a deterioration in hygiene\nconditions. The psychological and mental wellbeing of older women and men has declined due to the adjustments,\nwith both IPV and conflicts on the rise as a result of stressful living conditions. Male refugees feel embarrassed by\nthe fact that they cannot provide for their families. As the security situation has strongly deteriorated, refugees are\npushed into illegal activities to earn additional money or else risk cross-border movements and travel.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\n**3.** **ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF COMPLAINTS AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS**\n\n\nOlder men highlighted that although they believe some persons in the community are still not aware of available\nchannels to share their feedback on reductions to assistance, most of them are informed of the tools and that they\nare accessible to all. Most of the challenges shared regarding community feedback mechanisms (CFMs) were\nrelated to the resolution of complaints. Participants stated that they do not find the CFMs useful or effective\nbecause their issues are not addressed or they don\u2019t receive support in a timely manner, even after complaining\nseveral times. Some participants said that the community doesn\u2019t know which kind of issues have to be raised and\nwhere they need to raise them. Others felt that community leaders such as Majhis don\u2019t disseminate the\ninformation they receive from their meetings with CiCs, which further exacerbates these concerns. Therefore, they\nfeel that approaching CiCs directly is more helpful, although they are unsure how to navigate this process. They\nthink a proper and functional feedback system would improve their situation. Some of the channels specifically\nmentioned during the discussions were calling hotline numbers, reaching out to site management teams, and\nvisiting the CiC offices.\n\n\nAs for elderly women, they stated that they were not aware of available feedback channels. Those who confirmed\nbeing informed about CFMs had never submitted a complaint. Many were unsure about the process or else too\nafraid to complain. They pointed out that suggestion boxes were not equally accessible to all because most\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\ncommunity members cannot read or write, and the boxes are often physically placed too high for persons with\ndisabilities and children to reach. Regarding the ration cuts, one group requested a hub to complain about this\nissue specifically. Some also believed there was no benefit to submitting complaints. Instead, they felt that going\nto the CiC would be more effective.\n\n\nMen stressed that the availability of feedback channels wasn\u2019t their main concern due to the perceived low\nefficiency and reliability of these systems. Many participants confirmed having already submitted numerous\ncomplaints regarding adjustment of assistance via info hubs/centres, humanitarian staff and volunteers, CiCs,\nhelplines, Majhis, CPC (Community Protection Committees), protection desks, community meetings, and through\ntheir neighbours. Although inclusive, they did note that women, children, and the elderly are less likely to be aware\nof their options for submitting complaints related to these recent changes.\n\n\nOne group of men mentioned that although all service points have suggestion boxes, they are actually not\nfunctional or based on their needs. Physical barriers and distance are also an issue for persons with disabilities and\nelderly persons to access information desks; and hotline numbers are often busy, unreachable, or with long wait\ntimes for little results. Men participating in another focus group discussion felt frustrated by the seemingly neverending referral loop, lack of timely resolution/solutions, lack of responses from authorities, and difficulties in\naccessing correct information. Several participants did acknowledge the availability of food service providers to\ndiscuss entitlement cuts, but only during food distribution times. They were also upset that a similar dedicated\nchannel wasn\u2019t available to them to discuss concerns specifically regarding adjustments to LPG and soap packages:\n\n#### _\u201cWe couldn\u2019t get proper information from the LPG office, nothing_ _for soap also. In terms of food, we are able to talk with food service_ _provider. But there is no clear mechanism for people to provide_ feedback about soap and LPG.\u201d \u2013 Man, Camp 20 Ext.\n\n\nOne suggestion that was shared by men was to have only one dedicated information desk per camp that could\ncollect and consolidate all types of cases and later refer them to the respective agencies for prompt action. This\nwould also ensure the dissemination of accurate information, as some participants didn\u2019t feel that volunteers\ncascade down the proper updates or explanations. In one example, participants said they were informed that the\nreductions in assistance were only temporary.\n\n\nIn most of the focus groups discussions, men raised that they were not sure if regular feedback channels\ncould/would collect complaints specifically about reductions in assistance:\n\n#### _\u201cThe community is not aware of the channels or offices for_ _providing feedback, raising complaints, or sharing opinions about_ _these adjustments. Only community leaders and a few influential_ _individuals can communicate with WFP or CiC officials to express_ their concerns or opinions.\u201d \u2013 Man, Camp 10.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nWomen highlighted they were aware they could submit complaints through community meetings, household visits,\ninfo desks, humanitarian staff and volunteers, helplines, and CiCs. Their preference tended to be through Women\nand Girls Safe Spaces (WGSS), Women Friendly Spaces (WFS), and community outreach members. Some were\naware of suggestion boxes but said they had never personally used them. When they were not sure where to\nsubmit feedback, they tended to approach their block Majhis or Site Management offices instead.\n\n\nSimilarly, women shared that they could raise complaints at food distribution points but not at LPG distribution\npoints, because they were not treated respectfully there. The women also noted that they weren\u2019t sure who the\nLPG service providers were. They raised a lack of dedicated channels to discuss the reduction in soap entitlements.\n\n\nFGD with women in Camp 6 \u2013 UNHCR, @Reina\n\n\nAlthough participants believed they could complain at food shop help desks regarding ration cuts, they did not feel\nit was sufficient as they were not able to receive the information they were requesting and had not observed any\ntangible results or outcomes from this:\n\n#### _\u201cThere is a help desk, and we met with them and gave a complaint._ _But they didn\u2019t give us any feedback, which is why we don\u2019t trust_ them \u201d \u2013 Woman, Camp 11.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nThe female group discussions also raised that although they complained several times at the food distribution\npoints, they felt neglected by the volunteers working there because no action was taken. Participants noted the\nsame when using helplines, as they didn\u2019t receive a call back. Women also shared concerns about retaliation when\ncomplaining to partner volunteers and staff because complainers are often directly confronted about their\ncomments. This contributed to women feeling less comfortable complaining directly at distribution points. Some\nwomen said they would prefer going to Rohingya leaders instead, because they are worried about receiving less\nfood as a result of complaining directly to service providers.\n\n\nThe women also stated that some inaccurate information had been shared; for example, they were told by\nvolunteers to complain about the ration cuts directly to the CiC through an application. Some women commented\nthat they were afraid of complaining to CiCs due to the fear of being arrested or imprisoned. For this reason, they\nusually requested Majhis to convey their concerns on their behalf. They recommended sharing more messages\nbefore implementation via door-to-door, Imams, townhalls with block-level leaders, and mosque loudspeakers.\n\n\nMany women shared that although they wanted to raise their voices and have them be heard, they believed there\nwas no point in sharing any feedback, as the decisions had already been made without their consultation. They felt\nthat a proper and functional feedback system would greatly improve the situation, as currently they are aware of\nvarious channels but do not use them because they consider them ineffective. Participants also suggested that\nactors first review community feedback before implementing any changes, and use the feedback to inform the\nchanges. Additionally, the women requested hotline posters for every household, given that many don\u2019t know the\nnumber. To ensure more equal female participation, they suggested collecting feedback through in-person sessions\nwith women.\n\n\nMen with disabilities acknowledged that whenever someone would go collect food at distribution points, they were\nhanded a ration reduction leaflet; but they felt that feedback channels were not useful to share complaints about\nadjustments to assistance packages. They stated that most of the time the issues were not resolved, and they don\u2019t\nreceive any responses. Participants also raised that Majhis, Imams, and other influential people living in their blocks\nwere able to share their opinions, because they are regularly invited to attend various meetings and other activities.\nFemale participants with disabilities stated that, because they cannot go outside and stay indoors most of the time,\nthey never paid much attention to or gave feedback channels any importance, and therefore were not well\ninformed about them. The participants who were aware, did not feel that the feedback mechanisms and systems\nwere equally available to them, since they are dependent on their caregiver and cannot easily submit complaints.\nParticipants shared that complaint boxes were not physically accessible to them because they are placed too high.\n\n\nPregnant and lactating women said they were aware of where to go to share feedback on the adjustments, such\nas Site Management, CiC office, and food distribution point help desk. They requested for partners to organize\ngatherings to discuss these issues for better communication. Most women-headed households who participated\nin the consultations stated they were not aware of specific feedback channels to share their concerns about the\nrecent changes to assistance packages, except for hotlines. However, they had never used the hotlines because\nthey believed their issues would not be addressed or considered in any decision-making process. Some said they\nhad never submitted any complaints, particularly because they are afraid. Others were not even aware of available\nmechanisms at the food outlets, such as the helpdesks. Many participants mentioned that they preferred to raise\ntheir issues with Majhis first, and then go to CiCs if not resolved. According to the respondents, children, elderly\npersons, and those with disabilities have difficulties accessing feedback mechanisms either because they are not\nproperly informed, or because they don\u2019t feel confident and comfortable to share their opinions.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nMost of the consulted adolescent boys were informed about available feedback channels to share their concerns.\nAmongst the 49 adolescent girls consulted, 21 shared that they weren\u2019t aware about the existence of feedback\nmechanism in the community, some stated that they knew about these but were unsure whether any feedback on\ntheir reports would be given to them. Both adolescent girls and boys believe that existing feedback mechanisms\nare not accessible for people with disabilities or children.\n\n\nAll third gender respondents expressed they didn't have any information about feedback mechanisms. One\nrespondent also voiced their distrust and disappointment about not receiving any real help from humanitarian\norganizations after sharing a complaint. One respondent highlighted the limitations in equal access to feedback\nchannels, as people with disabilities can only share their concerns if humanitarian actors (both volunteers and staff)\ngo to their shelters to hear about their issues. Third gender participants all agreed they must depend on others to\nconvey their concerns, opinions, and complaints as they have no representatives from their community. They\nadded that they can only share their concerns and voice their opinions comfortably in the offices of Bandhu _[5]_ at\nKutupalong and Kerantoli, as it is one of the few actors providing dedicated service.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nParticipants consulted on feedback mechanisms believed that mainly Majhis and religious leaders are given priority\nto express and communicate their concerns. Participants also noted they knew about some of the available\ncomplaints and feedback mechanisms but lacked trust in them \u2014including fear of retaliation as, for example,\nhumanitarian workers receiving complaints about their own organization, or colleagues often reporting them to\nthe person responsible for that service delivery.\n\n\nWomen shared that although they wanted to raise their voices, they believed there was no point in sharing any\nfeedback as decisions were taken without their consultation regardless. Refugees from all population groups felt\nthat a proper and functional feedback system would greatly improve the situation, as currently they are aware of\nvarious channels but do not use them because they consider them ineffective. Persons with disabilities and children\nwere amongst the most cited groups that have limited access to complaint and feedback mechanisms, as those\nmechanisms are not properly adapted to them.\n\n\n\n5 Social welfare society working with gender diverse populations: https://www.bandhu-bd.org/about-bandhu\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\n**4.** **RECOMMENDATIONS ON MEANINGFUL ENGAGEMENT**\n\n\nOlder men unanimously expressed a strong desire for active involvement in decision-making processes that directly\naffect their community. A particular concern raised is the perceived decline in benefits for refugees, attributed to\nthe lack of refugee involvement in decision-making. To address this issue, older men suggested community-level\nmeetings involving all members: Majhis, Imams, community leaders, and volunteers. They proposed a monthly\ncoordination meeting at the camp level, as a mechanism not only for prioritization but also for local-level advocacy\nwith governmental bodies and donors. It was also noted that separate sessions for male and female refugees are\nneeded, while considering the needs of persons with disabilities. While the expectation is for leaders like Majhis\nand Imams to play a more active role in convening all members of the community, it is acknowledged that their\npersonal commitments may impact their level of involvement in community meetings and information sharing\nexercises. Moreover, the participants advocated prioritizing vulnerable groups that experience difficulties due to\nchanges in assistance, underlining the need for a more targeted and inclusive decision-making process.\n\n\nOlder women stressed the need for direct consultation with humanitarian actors during decision-making processes\nto ensure alignment with the community\u2019s needs and priorities. The importance of conducting community-level\nmeetings involving all members was emphasized. Majhis are seen as pivotal in facilitating communication and\nengagement with decision-makers, while the CiC is recognized as the most influential figure in the camp. Most of\nthe older women stated that the community places significant trust in Imams, block Majhis, and CiCs. Gendersensitive approaches are deemed crucial, and separate information-sharing sessions for men and women were\nhighly encouraged by women. Monthly meetings with representatives from each block and age group were\nproposed for effective prioritization of assistance, with participants endorsing the inclusion of Majhis, Imams,\nteachers, and influential women.\n\n\nMen participating in FGDs recommend the inclusion of various community members, including teachers, religious\nleaders, and older people. This is regarded as essential for the representation of diverse needs and opinions from\nthe community. Due to cultural and religious considerations, men suggested to ensure both female and male\nrefugees\u2019 perspectives are included in separate discussion sessions. Participants also highlighted the importance of\nempowering the community and fostering ownership of decisions by engaging existing community structures, such\nas mosque committees and camp committees; these are regarded by men as spaces facilitating better information\ndissemination and community buy-in.\n\n\nWomen stressed the need for organizations to directly engage with the community through meetings and active\nlistening to understand arising needs as a result of the adjustments of assistance in a timely manner. Community\nleaders, particularly Majhis and Imams, are also viewed by female participants as valuable resources due to their\nknowledge and ability to advise on decision-making processes. Women also proposed separate information-sharing\nsessions for males and females with government authorities before decisions are made. Block-level meetings were\nrecommended to effectively communicate the reasons behind decisions, and in this way reduce tensions and\nmisunderstandings.\n\n\nMen with disabilities noted that a hierarchy in the decision-making process is present within the community, with\nthe head of the household primarily responsible for family-level decisions. Participants highlighted the importance\nof community-level meetings involving all community members, as a platform for addressing community issues\ncollectively. Majhis and religious leaders are regarded as important contributors to community-level activities and\ndecision-making processes. The community is open to engagement with organizations, including the possibility of\nyard meetings or other community-level sessions, to address problems and seek assistance.\n\n\nWomen with disabilities expressed uncertainty about participating in decision-making processes themselves,\nindicating a need for clearer communication, participative mechanisms and guidance on effective engagement.\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nTrust in influential elderly individuals and religious leaders was also mentioned. However, some of them had\nreservations about trusting Majhis. Rohingya community volunteers working with humanitarian organizations were\nsaid to be trusted facilitators of communication and participation, as well as key actors to a consultative approach\nwith the community.\n\n\nPregnant and lactating women expressed a lack of confidence in finding trustworthy individuals within their\ncommunity to represent their interests or negotiate on their behalf. They emphasized the importance of their\nopinions being considered in any changes related to aid or services provided by humanitarian agencies. Some level\nof trust is placed in Imams and Majhis, and they find dissemination of information through mosque-based systems\nuseful. Pregnant and lactating women also noted that they trust community volunteers, and recommended\narranging more meetings with them, as well as involving a suggested figure of \u201ccommunity block-based judge\u201d.\n\n\nWomen-headed households emphasized that receiving early information is crucial, highlighting the community's\ndesire to be informed about decisions and changes well in advance, in order to be able to include their concerns\nand suggested solutions. Community centres were favoured by women as venues for consultations, as they\nfacilitate face-to-face interactions and community engagement. Consultations at the block level are preferred, to\ntailor decisions to each block's specific needs and dynamics. Involving key leaders such as Majhis and CiCs in the\ndecision-making process was noted as essential, and decisions should consider inputs from older people and\neducated individuals within the community, to ensure a diverse range of perspectives and expertise.\n\n\nAccording to adolescent boys, prior consultation should be conducted with all population groups in the community,\nincluding both adolescent boys and girls. Adolescent boys believe that through their participation in FGDs and\ncommunity consultations, the accountability in decision-making processes by all humanitarian actors would\nimprove. Trust in Majhis, Imams, religious leaders, and parents was voiced by adolescent boys and girls equally.\n\n\nThird gender respondents stated that they feel they aren\u2019t included in any consultations and decision-making\nprocesses. They expressed their distrust towards the refugee community, as they are often discriminated against,\nand said they can only trust their parents sometimes. Some respondents expressed their willingness to participate\nin consultations and decision-making processes where they can voice their opinions safely. They expressed\nappreciation for being hired as part of the Disaster Management Unit (DMUs) as part of community engagement\nefforts. Some suggested the inclusion of senior members of the community, Imams, and vulnerable people as well,\nsince they might have different needs, and therefore humanitarian agencies should understand these before\nmaking any decisions. One respondent suggested holding consultation meetings on Fridays as many people join\nthe Friday congregation and could meet afterwards.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nRefugees voiced a strong desire to participate in all stages of decision-making processes. Community members\nemphasized the importance of involving trusted figures such as religious leaders, Majhis, and respected community\nvolunteers. They favour separate sessions for different groups, and prioritize the needs of vulnerable populations.\nMonthly coordination meetings are proposed as a potential solution to enhance community involvement. The data\nalso highlights a need for commitment by influential community leaders toward transparent communication and\ngender-sensitive approaches. Overall, the community seeks well-informed and representative decisions that\naddress their specific needs, emphasizing the importance of early and face-to-face consultations held through\ncommunity centres and block-level discussions with respected leaders and educated individuals.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\n**5.** **PRIORITIZATION OF ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES**\n\n\nAll 342 men that participated in the consultations agreed that the current levels of assistance are already too low\nand at a critical state. Some of them manifested an acute fear that more cuts are forthcoming. One respondent\nremarked that he was not sure how the community could survive on less than what that they are receiving now.\nMost of the respondents believed that any further reductions in basic needs and assistance (especially food, LPG,\nmedical care, and shelter support) would make it impossible for the community to survive. A group of men were\ndesperately asking facilitators of the FGDs to ask UN Agencies to employ more community members, with one man\nstating that they would _\u201c_ work to eat _\u201d_ if they were not able to receive enough food regularly to feed themselves\nand their families.\n\nOther men explained that the situation was already dire, and that any further reductions would lead to a sharp rise\nin robberies and other crimes, as people would grow increasingly desperate to survive. In terms of what they would\nspecifically prioritize if assisting agencies faced further funding shortfalls, almost every respondent agreed that\nfood, gas, and adequate healthcare would be the most important. Respondents in one camp were reluctant to say\nwhich items they would prioritize, expressing a fear that their opinions would somehow influence further\nimpending cuts. Most respondents also shared that extremely vulnerable individuals (women-headed households,\nwidowed women, children, the elderly, those with chronic health conditions, unemployed persons and older men)\nare already struggling to meet their basic needs with the recent reductions, and would find themselves in\nincreasingly dire straits if further reductions should happen.\n\n\nRohingya refugee getting onions from the WFP outlet in camp in Camp 10 - WFP, @Nihab\n\nWomen, including elderly women, were generally concerned about the prospect of further reductions in\nassistance, declaring that the recent reductions have already made it exceedingly difficult for families to cover their\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nbasic needs. Many respondents could not imagine how families would be able to cope with further reductions.\nWomen stated that, additionally, they are less likely engage in livelihood activities than men, as they are\ntraditionally tasked with running the household, including cooking and managing rations and other essential items\non behalf of their entire families, which limits any additional opportunities for income. Some participants believed\nthat it made no sense to think about which items they would prioritize if future reductions were implemented, or\nwhich groups of people would be more affected, since they feel that current reduced levels of assistance are\nalready affecting the entire community, and further reductions would seriously affect everyone in the community,\nregardless of profile.\n\nMost female participants declared that the most critical items are food, oil, LPG for cooking, and medical assistance,\nwith some even sharing that they would be willing to forgo other types of services if it meant they could get\nadditional assistance in these essential areas. Women-friendly spaces, child-friendly spaces, and community\ncentres were some services respondents felt could be reduced to redirect resources to the above-mentioned\nessential needs. Some elderly women felt that there was a waste of resources, as well as unequal distribution of\nsome items, such as cement for shelter repairing, which could also be forgone in favour of increasing food rations\nto the most vulnerable. Some women stated that if food rations needed to be reduced further, then rice, chili, and\nother spices should be preserved, while cuts could be made to the quantity of onion, garlic, and other\nsupplementary items if necessary. Women felt that woman-headed households, pregnant women, the elderly,\nhouseholds with many young children, and persons with disabilities should be prioritized, if further cuts needed to\nbe made.\n\nPregnant and lactating women shared the same sense of alarm that other population groups had expressed\nregarding the current ration levels, even while acknowledging that they themselves (as pregnant and lactating\nwomen) are often among the groups targeted for additional assistance above blanket baseline levels. These\nrespondents also mentioned food as by far being the number one priority, especially rice, oil, flour, and pulses, in\naddition to cooking gas (LPG). Pregnant and lactating women also raised the importance of prioritizing hygiene\nitems such as soap, as well as health services. When consulted about the groups that should be prioritized for\nassistance, most respondents included themselves alongside other key vulnerably groups, such as older people,\npeople with disabilities, persons with \u201cspecial needs,\u201d and families with young children, since these groups would\nnot only have their own critical nutritional needs to meet but would also have the most difficulties meeting these\nneeds without humanitarian or family support.\n\n\nAs for women-headed households, respondents were quite hesitant to speak about which items they would\nprioritize, fearing that their opinions would somehow influence further cuts, if there were more funding shortfalls\nin the future. Some respondents did however indicate that food rations, LPG, medical services, and education\nshould be prioritized. However, most women also felt that it was inconceivable to think about further cuts, as\ncurrent levels of assistance were already below the required threshold for some vulnerable households, and\nwomen were not sure how any household could survive further cuts in the future. Some participants suggested\nthat some types of non-essential services such as drain cleaning could be de-prioritized, with resources redirected\ntowards the provision of basic needs for the most vulnerable groups. The respondents in FGDs with women-headed\nhouseholds did not specify certain community profiles to prioritize in future reductions to assistance, but they did\nmention that there should be better consultations with vulnerable groups, to allow assistance-givers to better\nunderstand their situation, and to prepare these people well in advance for changes that would seriously affect\nthem.\n\n\nWomen with disabilities felt that all the services currently being provided by humanitarian actors should be a\npriority, as they are all essential to living a dignified life, and already at critically low levels. They felt this is especially\ntrue for themselves, who often depend much more on assistance and support, since their own ability to meet their\nneeds without the support of family or humanitarian actors is severely limited in this context. A few mentioned\nthat they are already struggling to get by with the current cuts in food rations, and cannot see how they could\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nsurvive if levels decreased even more without also increasing targeted support for them and others who are most\nin need. Some mentioned that in addition to food and health services, interventions for people with disabilities\nshould be prioritized as essential:\n\n#### _\u201cFurther reductions in rations and services would mean we have to_ die.\u201d \u2013 Woman with disability, Nayapara Refugee Camp.\n\n\nMen with disabilities were not as vocal as the women\u2019s groups but did echo some of the same concerns.\nParticipants insisted that all assistance currently being received by men is essential, and they did not want any\nservices to be cut, even if some of them may need to be reduced. Food rations, however, are seen as impossible\nto further cut in the future, as current levels are already at subsistence levels, with some households already\nstruggling to make ends meet with the recent reductions. Some participants mentioned food, cooking materials\n(including LPG), health, and shelter support as some of the main areas to prioritize. They cited people with\ndisabilities, older people, single women, and large households as groups which should be prioritized, but also\ninsisted that all refugees would find it exceedingly difficult to manage further reductions in food and other essential\nassistance.\n\nAdolescent boys highlighted food, health, WASH facilities, medical care, education, security, protection, and cash\nassistance as the main areas that should be prioritized. They stated that priority should be given to people with\ndisabilities, children, and older people, who have less access to income-generating activities due to their physical\ncondition. Adolescent girls prioritized health, education, child protection, and clothing as essential.\n\n\nThird gender respondents mentioned food as the top priority, followed by LPG and medical treatment. One\nrespondent suggested that small-grained rice should be prioritized over the bigger grains. Participants agreed on\nthe fact that priority should be given to older people in terms of food, medical treatment, and WASH facilities.\nAnother respondent suggested considering family size for food and LPG. Medical and water facilities were\nmentioned as critical services, as well as schools and madrasas [6] . Moreover, participants recommended creating\nthird gender friendly spaces in multiple locations across the camps where this community could easily access and\nparticipate in humanitarian programming.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nRespondents in the consultations pointed out that current levels of assistance (especially food rations) have already\nreached critically low levels and many refugees are finding it very difficult to cope with the most recent cuts. As a\nresult of these cuts, households are presently facing food insecurity and negative health outcomes and are\nengaging in negative or even desperate coping mechanisms. Many respondents were adamant that there should\nbe no further cuts, since they expect severe threats to life and overall wellbeing. Some respondents highlighted\nthe importance of providing Rohingya refugees with the opportunity to work and earn a living, with some even\nsuggesting that families could \u201cwork for food\u201d and other rations to feed their respective families rather than solely\nworking for cash.\n\nParticipants across all categories were reluctant to give suggestions on service prioritization out of fear that their\ninsights would lead to future cuts in other areas. Understandably, nearly every refugee who responded mentioned\nfood (especially core items such as flour, rice, oil) and cooking gas as the top priorities, in addition to health services,\n\n\n\n6 Educational institution/school for the study of Islam, besides the regular curriculum.\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\nshelter materials, and specialized areas of support for people with disabilities and other extremely vulnerable\ngroups. Some participants even suggested that certain activities which they view as non-essential could be deprioritized in favour of more essential services such as food and health.\n\nIn terms of who amongst the community should be prioritized when receiving aid, the categories mentioned were\ncongruent with categories of extremely vulnerable individuals often cited in the current context: women-headed\nhouseholds, older persons (especially women), widowed women, families with young children, large households,\nand households with persons with disabilities. However, there was also a clear sentiment across the groups that it\nwas hard to identify who would be more affected by future cuts, since it is already very difficult for all people,\nregardless of profile, to cope with the recent adjustments; they felt future cuts are likely to have widespread\nnegative effects on the community at large and not only on some specific population groups.\n\n\nFor further information, please contact:\n**Johanna Reina** - **reina@unhcr.org** | **Masum Billah** - **masum@iscgcxb.org** | **Filip Hilgert \u2013 filip@iscgcxb.org**\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Cox\u2019s Bazar** | November 2023\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nDuring the month of August 2023, the Protection Sector jointly with the Child Protection (CP) Sub Sector, the Gender-Based\nViolence (GBV) Sub Sector, and the Accountability to Affected Population (AAP) Advisor from the Inter-Sector Coordination\nGroup (ISCG) conducted a total of 116 community consultations with refugees across 28 camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar district, to\nbetter understand how the refugee community perceives the impact of the most recent and ongoing reductions in\nassistance this year, and to hear recommendations on participative processes related to these services. A total of 1,028\nrefugees participated in the focus group discussions, with the following distinct profiles: female and male adolescents,\nelderly people, women, men, female and male persons with disabilities, pregnant and lactating women, transgender\npersons, and women-headed households.\n\n\nThe analysis presented in this report was generated by the following partners: IOM, UNHCR, DRC, IRC, the Protection\nSector, Child Protection (CP) and Gender Based-Violence (GBV) Sub-Sectors, ISCG\u2019s AAP Advisor, and the AAP Technical\nWorking Group. This report is based on qualitative data collected by partners in the camps and is not representative of the\ntotal number of refugees across the 33 camps in this response. Eight \u2013 open-ended \u2013 questions were discussed with\nrefugees:\n\n\n1) Have you heard about the changes to food rations, soap rations, and LPG cycle? If so, how did you get this\ninformation? Are there any specific groups you are aware of who have not received this information?\n2) Are you aware of the reasons why these changes/adjustments are being done? If not, why do you think? If yes,\ndo you feel that you still need more information on the reasons for these changes?\n3) Have the recent adjustments of assistance affected you and/or your community? If so, how? Are there any\nimpacts on your access to other assistance and services?\n4) Are there any specific groups of people who are affected more/less/differently due to the recent adjustments of\nassistance? If yes, which group and how?\n5) Do you think people are aware of feedback channels that they can trust to give their opinions on these adjustment\nto assistance? If so, do you think these mechanisms are equally available and accessible to all (including vulnerable\ngroups)?\n6) How would you have improved the way in which humanitarian organizations have made these decisions,\nimplemented the changes, and communicated the updates? What would you change about the way in which\npartners and aid actors have engaged the community in this process?\n7) In the future, how you would like to be more engaged in this process in terms of prioritization and decision\nmaking? Who in your community do you trust the most to participate in this process and help make these\ndecisions?\n8) If there are future funding shortfalls, do you have ideas of what assistance and services you would prioritize the\nmost and the least? Are there any specific groups/persons who should be prioritized?\n\n\nIn October 2023, DRC validated the data collected and presented through this community consultation report through a\nseries of FGDs. A total of 48 refugees participated in these FGDs, comprising 24 men and 24 women, spread across four\ncamps (Camps 6, 10, 8E, and 8W).\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\n - The 116 community consultations were organized in 28 out of the 33 camps; representation was not equal in\nterms of camp coverage and the number of FGD participants.\n\n - There were inevitably some variations in the data collection and analysis due to different actors involved: each\nactor/partner facilitated their own FGDs, following the same set of eight questions.\n\n - It seems the question related to community feedback mechanisms was not fully understood, as the responses\nonly refer to suggestion boxes, not to other channels.\n\n - Although the questions aimed to understand refugee views on the adjustments to food, soap, and LPG assistance,\nthe majority of FGDs only commented on the adjustment to food vouchers; this was likely due to the timing of\nthe FGDs, which were conducted during the month the second round of ration cuts was implemented.\n\n - One FGD and two key informant interviews were conducted with female-headed households.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7664649486541748, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5529735684394836, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps", - "confidence": 0.8043244481086731, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.929485023021698, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community consultation report", - "confidence": 0.9846453070640564, - "start": 607, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5138855576515198, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.5549537539482117, - "start": 598, - "end": 599 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8059950470924377, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6307255625724792, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6969305276870728, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.7751402258872986, - "start": 773, - "end": 774 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female-headed households", - "confidence": 0.9616804718971252, - "start": 820, - "end": 822 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb06de43-0bf5-4745-ba2a-a3880a1f6854/guide_to_protection_cm.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_813/raw/doc_813_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_813/raw/doc_813_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73b47b21a0f60161907924df2f8a4c5b4ecaada9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_813/raw/doc_813_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,517 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 254**\n\n# **Refugees and the Rashaida:** **human smuggling and trafficking from** **Eritrea to Sudan and Egypt**\n\n\n**Rachel Humphris**\n\n\nPh.D student\n\nCOMPAS\nUniversity of Oxford\n\n\nEmail: rghumphris@gmail.com\n\n\nMarch 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates,\nas well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on\nrefugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR.\nThey are also available online under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nEritreans have been seeking asylum in east Sudan for more than four decades and the region\nnow hosts more than 100,000 refugees [1] . East Sudan has also become a key transit region for\nthose fleeing Eritrea. One route, from East Sudan to Egypt, the Sinai desert and Israel has\ngained increasing attention. According to UNHCR statistics, the number of Eritreans crossing\nthe border from Sinai to Israel has increased from 1,348 in 2006 to 17,175 in 2011. Coupled\nwith this dramatic growth in numbers, the conditions on this route have caused great concern.\nTestimonies from Eritreans have increasingly referred to kidnapping, torture and extortion at\nthe hands of human smugglers and traffickers.\n\n\nThe smuggling route from Eritrea to Israel is long, complex and involves many different\nactors. As such, it cannot be examined in its entirety in a single paper. This analysis\nconsequently focuses on the movement of people from Eritrea to east Sudan, and from east\nSudan to Egypt. A review of testimonies from Eritrean refugees and key informant interviews\nprovide an understanding of the situation from the available data.\n\n\nThe paper is structured as follows. Following brief contextual information the paper opens\nwith an examination of motivations and aspirations to leave Eritrea based on testimonies\ncollected by UNHCR and NGOs in Israel and Cairo. This includes an overview of the current\nsituation in Eritrea and the importance of the Eritrean diaspora in decision making. Section\ntwo addresses the changing refugee dynamics in east Sudan and why Shagarab refugee camp\nhas become predominantly a place of transit rather than refuge.\n\n\nThe following section examines the role of smugglers in east Sudan. One group of smugglers\nmentioned in many testimonies are from an ethnic group known as the Rashaida. In order to\nexplain their ubiquity in testimonies this section places human smuggling in the context of\nwider processes of trade, underdevelopment in the region and Sudan-Eritrean relations. It\nargues that the actions of a small number of Rashaida involved in the process of smuggling\nEritreans are one of the products, not causes, of insecurity in the region. However, this should\nnot detract from or lessen the human rights violations taking place along the route. To\nconclude the challenges and possibilities for protection, assistance and security are reviewed.\n\n\nThis paper is not a definitive guide to the situation and some pertinent limitations should be\nstressed. The situation is highly complex, fluid and subject to rapid change. There is currently\nresearch being undertaken that will detail specific routes, locations and individuals involved\nwhereas this paper will outline trends and historical developments from the available\nliterature. It is also important to note the testimonies examined in this paper were collected\nfrom those who had reached NGOs and UNHCR offices in Egypt or Israel and had specific\nprotection concerns. [2] There is therefore a bias within the testimonies and they do not reflect\nthe myriad journeys and experiences of those who did not reach either of these destinations.\n\n\n1 It should be noted there is a discrepancy between Sudanese Commission of Refugees (COR) which calculates\nthe number of Eritrean refugees is 333,500 out of a total refugee population of 615,340 and UNHCR which\ncounts 103,798 Eritreans and a of a total of 178,308 refugees in the country. This has been attributed to COR\nincluding refugees living outside camps however it is unclear as to how this population has been counted. See\nDi Bartolomeo et al. 2012.\n2 UNHCR's information gathering from interviews focuses on a limited group, focused on abused women and\nmen in need of special care. This is a small fraction of the Eritreans in Israel that successfully made it out of\ntheir country of origin with smugglers.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9929238557815552, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8747725486755371, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sinai to Israel", - "confidence": 0.6216537356376648, - "start": 79, - "end": 82 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6805324554443359, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9864935874938965, - "start": 89, - "end": 90 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritreans", - "confidence": 0.8537213802337646, - "start": 5, - "end": 6 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "testimonies from Eritrean refugees", - "confidence": 0.9287054538726807, - "start": 193, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.513582170009613, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritrean refugees", - "confidence": 0.8368515372276306, - "start": 195, - "end": 197 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "testimonies", - "confidence": 0.9698030352592468, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Egypt", - "confidence": 0.5377290844917297, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Global context**\n\n\nThere has been increasing and sustained attention to this issue over the past four years. A UN\nMonitoring Group on Eritrea and Somalia has been established and addresses smuggling and\ntrafficking. An EU resolution was passed in March 2012 on human trafficking in Sinai\n(European Parliament 2012). The UN High Commissioner for Refugees visited Kassala\nearlier this year to highlight the issue (AFP 2012) coupled with increasing media reports\nproviding global attention to the various points on the route (BBC 2012a; CNN;\nIndependent).\n\n\nThe politics of the region adds to the complexity of the situation. The Sinai border area is\nhighly sensitive from a political, strategic and security perspective. In addition to the national\nsecurity concerns related to sensitive border areas, these complexities include Nile-Basin\ninter-governmental relations, Egyptian-Israeli bilateral relations including airstrikes in Sinai\n(BBC 2012c); the militarization of Sinai and its relationship to Gaza; continuing EritreaEthiopia tensions; the social and economic marginalization of the Bedouin and Rashaida\ntribes and the wider regions in which they reside; and the lack of government control over\nparts of the smuggling route. To this must be added the reports of Eritrean Government\ninvolvement (UN Security Council Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea 2012: 20); the\nimpact of Egypt\u2019s and Libya\u2019s 2011 revolutions; the tensions between Libya and the\nEuropean Union regarding Mediterranean boat crossings (UNHCR 2012a) and the\ndeteriorating conditions for asylum seekers in Israel.\n\n\nEritrea has tense relations with its neighbours which makes it difficult to address border\ncrossings. Eritrea seceded from Ethiopia in 1991 and following seven years of good\ndiplomatic relations, went to war over a border dispute. [3] There are ongoing border disputes\nwith Djibouti (UN Security Council 2010; paras 11-18). Eritrea also exists under UN sanction\ndue to its involvement in supporting the radical Islamist Al-Shabaab movement in Somalia. [4]\nSudan is the exception with restoration of diplomatic ties in 2006.\n\n\nIn the reviewed literature there is very little information regarding smuggling journeys and no\ndata are available to define specific changes in these routes in recent years. Eritrea and east\nSudan have restricted the work of international organizations adding to the difficulty of\nverifying information (UN Human Rights Council 2010; para 75: Sudan Tribune 2012). With\nnotable exceptions there has been a dearth of recent scholarly articles on east Sudan with\nmuch more focus on the south of the country (Pantuliano 2005: Young 2007, 2011).\n\n\nAs previously stated people from the Rashaida ethnic group are consistently mentioned in\ntestimonies of Eritreans who have embarked on this journey. However there has previously\nbeen very little attempt to understand the dynamics of this group and their history and\nrelationships within the region. [5] Also the involvement of large numbers of Eritreans in this\nprocess has also not been fully addressed. It has also been reported that human smuggling\nfrom Eritrea is one piece of a larger international, organized criminal network reaching from\nthe ports of Eritrea to Sinai and beyond.\n\n\n3 Relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea are complex and beyond the scope of this paper. For an overview see\nAmbroso and Crisp 2011\n4 UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 2023 (2011) [on expansion of the mandate of the Monitoring\nGroup re-established by resolution 2002 (2011)], 5 December 2011, S/RES/2023(2011)\n5 Rashaida are particularly difficult to approach due to their isolated position in the region. Knowledge is mainly\nbased on an ethnography undertaken in 1978 \u2013 1980 (Young, 1996). Notable work has been undertaken by\nPostma (forthcoming).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Legal context**\n\n\nThere are a number of legal instruments that protect the rights of migrants and refugees and\nimpose a duty on states to respect those rights. The 1951 Geneva Convention defines a\nrefugee as someone who has a well-founded fear of persecution. Almost all Eritreans are\ngranted refugee protection due to the conditions within the country. [6] In addition, Eritreans\nwho apply for asylum in another country are considered traitors and may be subject to life\nimprisonment or the death penalty. It is therefore impossible for many to return. [7]\n\n\nThe legal definition on smuggling is enshrined in the Protocol against the Smuggling of\nMigrants by Land, Sea and Air which entered into force 28 January 2004. It is used to\nsupplement the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The definition of\nsmuggling states:\n\n\nSmuggling of migrants shall mean the procurement, in order to obtain,\ndirectly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry\nof a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a\npermanent resident (UN General Assembly, 2000a).\n\n\nThe legal definition of human trafficking enshrined in the Palermo Protocol states\n\u2018Trafficking in persons\u2019 shall mean:\n\n\nThe recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by\nmeans of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction,\nof fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability,\nor of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of\na person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.\nExploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution\nof others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,\nslavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs (UN\nGeneral Assembly, 2000b).\n\n\nAbduction is distinguished from smuggling or trafficking to describe a situation where there\nwas no initial motivation on the part of the individual transported to move. In practice the\ndistinction between smuggling, trafficking and abduction can become blurred particularly due\nto insecurity and conditions on the route. For example, some Eritreans may have an initial\nintention to leave however could quickly \u2018lose control\u2019 of what was happening to them. [8]\nDifferent practices of coercion and the informal nature of the movement also adds to this\ncomplexity.\n\n\n6 See UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International\nProtection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea, April 2009.\n[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html)\n7 Article 37(3) of the Proclamation on National Service No. 82/1995, 23 October 1995\n[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3dd8d3af4.html; Articles 296 to 302 of the Eritrea Transitional Penal](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3dd8d3af4.html)\n[Code, Proclamation No. 158 of 1957), 23 July 1957 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49216a0a2.htm](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49216a0a2.htm)\n8 Interview with Egyptian NGO, 2 August 2012\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Secondary movement**\n\n\nThere are a number of destinations that Eritreans use to reach safety. Yemen and Libya are\nboth destinations for Eritrean asylum seekers. [9] Egypt has also increasingly become a\ndestination with numbers steadily growing throughout the last decade. However, NGOs\nreport that due to the harsh conditions in Egypt many Eritreans have tried to travel to Israel\n(Brown 2004). Recently, Egypt, and more specifically Sinai, has become a transit region for\nmigrants travelling to Israel whereas earlier migrants to Israel had often lived in Cairo for\nmany years.\n\n\nFor those who do not pass through Cairo but travel directly through Sinai there are a wide\nvariety of possible outcomes. One scenario includes being caught at the border, placed in one\nof the detention centres that run from Aswan through to Al Arish and subsequently being\ndeported either to Ethiopia or Eritrea. Those who manage to traverse the Sinai (some may be\nheld captive and subject to torture and extortion [10] ) may be shot or seriously wounded at the\nborder with Israel. There are also those who are successful and make it across the border to\nIsrael where migrants face increasingly harsh conditions. [11]\n\n\nDespite the dangers, the popularity of this route is indicated by the numbers of Eritreans\nrecorded crossing the border with Israel. The Population, Immigration and Border Authority\nof Israel states 59,858 asylum seekers entered Israel between January 2006 and March 2012.\nOf these 57 percent (33,912) were from Eritrea. [12] Smuggling of Eritreans through Sinai to\nIsrael started in 2006 (Afeef 2009). There were 1,348 applications for asylum in Israel in\n2006. By 2008 this had increased to 7,700 and by the end of 2010 almost 1,000 people were\ncrossing the Sinai to Israel per month. The refugee context in Israel is important for\nexplaining why Eritreans continue to use this route despite numerous awareness campaigns of\nthe dangers by UNHCR and the Eritrean diaspora (ICER 2011).\n\n\nIt has become known that employment can be gained in Israel and, although the journey is\narduous and involves a dangerous border crossing between Israel and Egypt (Amnesty\nInternational 2008, Human Rights Watch 2008), people may become desperate and believe\nthis is a better option than the restrictive policies in Ethiopia, Sudan and Yemen. The swift\nrise in numbers has led to some particular changes in Israeli law concerning asylum seekers\nand refugees resulting in an increasingly harsh asylum system (Perry 2011).\n\n\nThe most fundamental change occurred on January 10, 2012 when the amendment to the\n1954 Prevention of Infiltration Law the Israeli Parliament was passed (Human Rights Watch\n2012b). All irregular border-crossers are now defined as \u2018infiltrators\u2019. There is no distinction\nbetween refugees, undocumented migrants or those with an intention to harm Israel\u2019s security\n(Hotline for migrant workers 2012a). All infiltrators can be detained by the Israeli authorities\nfor three years before their deportation except for unaccompanied minors.\n\n\nIn addition, a series of deterrence measures have been implemented including a fence along\nthe Sinai-Israeli border which is due to be completed in October 2012 and building a 10,000\n\n9 UNHCR Online Population Statistics database\n10 The grave acts occurring against Eritrean refugees in Sinai are not the focus of this paper. For\ndetailed information see Amnesty International 2008., Fishbein 2010., Hotline for Migrant Workers 2011.,\nHuman Rights Watch 2008., Linders 2011., Mekonnen and Estefanos 2011., Physicians for Human Rights\n2011., van Reisen et al. 2012 Weldehaimnot 2011.,\n11 Interview with UNHCR Cairo 8 August 2012\n12 Data provided by UNHCR Israel\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "person detention center in the Negev (Hotline for migrant workers 2012b). The most recent\nreports indicate that there has been a drop in border crossings from 1,706 in May to 289 in\nJuly 2012. [13] However it is too early to conclude whether this trend will continue. It is unclear\nwhether the decrease in Eritreans entering Israel represents fewer people undertaking the\nroute. Due to the speed within which the decrease in numbers has occurred this would seem\nunlikely.\n\n\n**Motivations to flee Eritrea**\n\n\nThis section will detail some of the many reasons why large numbers of Eritreans are forced\nto flee and seek a life outside their country of origin. Eritrea has a turbulent history. In 1952,\nafter 10 years of British colonial rule, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia. A decade later,\nEthiopia annexed Eritrea as one of its provinces which led to the Eritrean struggle and a\ndestructive war lasting from 1961 to 1991. After its _de facto_ secession from Ethiopia in May\n1991 (ratified in a referendum held in 1993 in which 99.8 percent of its inhabitants opted for\nfull independence from Ethiopia) the Eritrean Government has remained in power since that\ntime and has indefinitely suspended presidential and legislative elections. [14]\n\n\nAccording to an official UNHCR position paper in 2004 \u2018the human rights situation in Eritrea\nhas seriously deteriorated\u2026with regard to the treatment of opposition political groups and\nmovements, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, arbitrary detention\u2026and the\ntreatment of draft evaders. There is an absence of civil society, political opposition or\nindependent media\u2019 (UNHCR 2004). [15]\n\n\nConscription is also a major component of the Government\u2019s policy under the 1999 National\nService Proclamation (NSP) which was extended in May 2002 under the Warsai-Yikaalo\nDevelopment Campaign (WYDC). There is no specific definition of this campaign and no\nofficial figures regarding how many people are in active service. [16] However high school\nchildren must undertake one year of military school at the Sawa training camp to be able to\ncomplete their course of studies. Those formally demobilized remain members of the\nNational Reserve Army and are frequently called up for military duty, training or work\nservice.\n\n\nThere are a number of recurring reasons provided by asylum seekers to explain why they left\nthe country. Many state the lack of political freedom, educational opportunities or freedom of\nmovement. The most common motivation recorded by M\u00fcller in her study of Eritreans in Tel\nAviv was \u2018being free\u2019 (M\u00fcller 2012, 455). This seems to refer to the restrictive and difficult\nconditions that many Eritreans face in their everyday lives and particularly the stipulations\nimposed by WYDC. [17]\n\n\n13 Figures gained from Saharonim prison authorities. The figure for July represents those that were registered on\n17 July 2012\n14 See UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International\nProtection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea, April 2009.\n[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html)\n15 Eritrea scored the lowest globally in the Press Freedom Index between 2010 and 2012. See Reporters without\n[Borders http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1034](http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1034)\n16 For the consequences of the campaign for Eritreans see Hirt 2010 and Kibreab 2009\n17 For more information on conditions in Eritrea see UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR\nEligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea, April\n2009. [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49de06122.html)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Hotline for migrant workers", - "confidence": 0.8869091272354126, - "start": 7, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7128292918205261, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritreans", - "confidence": 0.5375596880912781, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figures gained from Saharonim prison authorities", - "confidence": 0.5018824934959412, - "start": 506, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "M\u00fcller", - "confidence": 0.9386574625968933, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7296313047409058, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritreans", - "confidence": 0.7261869311332703, - "start": 460, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The Eritrean diaspora**\n\n\nIt is difficult to get a precise picture of the Eritrean diaspora. Movement of people from\nEritrea was not only integral to its formation but is one of the defining features of its survival.\nDiaspora remittances helped fund the war for independence and have accounted for more\nthan 30 percent of Eritrea\u2019s GDP in every year since it was achieved.\n\n\nThe two percent income tax levied is still regarded as a duty at least by those who have been\nin the diaspora for a long time. [18] These diasporic connections have been instrumental in the\nmotivations of those inside the country to migrate. Many of those living in Eritrea have\nfamily members in the diaspora who assist the movement, providing information and\nresources to those who are residing within the country. [19]\n\n\n**The migration decision**\n\n\nThere are myriad ways in which individuals plan to flee Eritrea. It is important to note that it\nis difficult to leave the country. There are also very limited options for those seeking safety\noutside Eritrea. As has been mentioned, the main countries of flight for Eritreans are Sudan,\nEthiopia and Yemen. These countries have strict encampment policies (Yemen has also\narrested and detained Eritreans [20] ) and provide severely limited opportunities.\n\n\nThere seems to have been a change over time regarding how those fleeing Eritrea plan for\ntheir lives outside the country. According to reports from a small number of interviewed\nrefugees in December 2010 many wanted to find safety in Sudan. [21] However by July 2012\naround half of the interviewees made a conscious decision followed by proactive plans to\ncome to Israel while still living in Eritrea. This cannot be considered representative however\nit points towards a trend elaborated by one Eritrean man in Tel Aviv who said he would \u201cdie\nor succeed, but it was worth the risk. In Israel they treat you like a human; our government\ndoes not have even basic rights.\u201d (Furst and Jacobsen 2011: 7)\n\n\nSome decide to travel to Israel after spending a period of time in Sudan, usually in Shagarab\nrefugee camp:\n\n\nI'm Christian, single and 23-years-old. I arrived in Israel from Eritrea on\nNovember 23, 2010. I got to Israel after eight months of military service in\nEritrea, during which I realized what my life would be like \u2013 no freedom, no\nsalary, no chance of living in my home. In January 2010 I fled the army and\ncrossed the border to Sudan. There I went to the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees and lived in the Shagarep Refugee Camp for ten\nmonths. Life in the camp was hard, and when I heard about the option of\nreaching Israel, I decided to try my luck. (Hotline for Migrant Workers 2011:\n25).\n\n\n[18 UN Security Council, 6674th Meeting SC/10471 http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10471.doc.htm](http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10471.doc.htm)\n19 A review of the unique characteristics of the Eritrean diaspora is beyond the scope of this study, however for\nan overview please see M\u00fcller 2012 and Kibreab 2007\n20 UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Global Report 2008, Yemen, June 2009, p4\n[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4bd800b81f.html](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4bd800b81f.html)\n21 Interviews collected by UNHCR Israel\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "It is widely regarded that most Eritreans are aware of the dangers regarding the journey to\nIsrael and the abusive processes in Sinai. A radio programme [22] promotes awareness of the\nsituation and reportedly almost all Eritreans in the diaspora encourage their family and\nfriends not to make the journey to Israel or Libya. [23] There has also been a degree of\nawareness-raising within refugee camps and this is expected to increase in the coming\nmonths. [24] Therefore it seems unlikely that those with relatives abroad or a connection to the\ndiaspora would be unaware of the dangers. Paradoxically, those with family members abroad\nperhaps have a stronger motivation to leave the country.\n\n\nReportedly, many Eritreans know the stories but do not believe they will be caught in the\nhands of the \u2018bad smugglers\u2019. For every story of torture there are still many success stories of\nEritreans who have made the journey. [25] It is also unclear how this knowledge effects\nmigration decisions particularly when situations are desperate and Eritrean refugees are faced\nwith a very limited options for living a safe and secure life. This desperation can be gauged\nby the number of women who take a contraceptive injection prior to embarking on the\njourney in case they suffer rape. [26]\n\n\n**East Sudan: from refuge to transit**\n\nEast Sudan is made up of the states of Red Sea, Kassala and Al-Gedaref [27] and has particular\ncharacteristics that help shape the dynamics of mixed movements. [28] Relationships between\nEritrea and Sudan are currently amicable. However the relationship is tenuous and complex.\nThose within the region see the Eritrean Government as playing a large influencing role over\nthe politics in east Sudan and vice versa. The Government of Sudan allegedly provided\nsupport to Islamic elements amongst the Eritrean youth in refugee camps in the 1990s.\nSimilarly the Eritrean Government supported opposition groups to destabilize east Sudan.\nThis is an example of what Cliffe has called \u2018mutual interference\u2019 where governments\nroutinely support the dissidents in neighbouring states and use these dissidents to pursue their\nown interests (Cliffe 1999). As Young notes the area has hardly been peaceful since the 1961\nEritrean Liberation Front (ELF), originally composed mainly of Muslim lowlanders,\nlaunched a secessionist insurrection starting the war for independence.\n\n\nSmall numbers of Eritreans crossed the border to east Sudan at this time however the\nnumbers dramatically increased due to escalation of warfare with Ethiopia, famine, forced\nconscription and fighting between the ELF and a new secessionist movement, comprised of\nradicalized highland people, calling themselves the Eritrean People\u2019s Liberation Front\n\n\n[22 \u2018Voices of Eritrean Refugees\u2019 Radio Erena (www.erena.org)](http://www.erena.org/)\n23 Interview with Meron Estafanos 18 July 2012\n[24 Ethiopia Refugee Update June 2012 UNHCR Ethiopia http://www.unhcr.org/4fffe9db9.html [accessed 26](http://www.unhcr.org/4fffe9db9.html)\nJuly 2012]\n25 Interview with UNHCR Israel 2 August 2012 and Karin Keil, Hotline for Migrant Workers 11 July 2012\n26 Interview with Karin Keil, Hotline for Migrant Workers 11 July 2012. Based on referrals for gynaecological\ntreatments and pregnancy terminations arranged by PHR-Israel in 2010, more than 600 women suffered sexual\nassault or rape.\n27 See Pantuliano, 2005 for economic and political overview of the region\n28 These states are among the poorest parts of the country and are characterized by low levels of rainfall, chronic\nfood insecurity, poor development indicators and limited support from central government. There have been\nrecent initiatives to address the impact of refugees on the surrounding community in East Sudan such as the\n[SOLSES project. http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=7175&catid=235&typeid=13 It is also reported that](http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=7175&catid=235&typeid=13)\nthe Commission for Refugees in Sudan has also expressed plans to close Shagarab and establish a new camp\nalong with 3 screening centres and 2 RSD centres.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(EPLF). The EPLF subsequently dominated and intensified its struggle against Ethiopia\n(Ambroso and Crisp 2011).\n\n\nIt is within this context characterised by decades of struggle for independence and forced\nconscription that thousands of Eritrean refugees started seeking sanctuary in east Sudan. [29] By\nthe end of the 1980s there were 800,000 Ethiopians and Eritrean refugees (still at this time\nEthiopians) in Sudan. [30] Many were Muslim lowlanders, from the Beni Amer ethnic group\nwhich straddles the Eritrean-Sudanese border. Between 1993 and 2004 around 118,000\nEritreans of all ethnic groups voluntarily repatriated from Sudan [31] or left for Khartoum or\nelsewhere. Therefore over 90 percent of the remaining camp population stems from the\nwestern lowlands in Eritrea and are very similar to the local population in east Sudan (Ek\n2009).\n\n\nNinety-seven percent of Eritrean asylum seekers who arrive in east Sudan are recognized as\nrefugees. The few Eritreans whose claims are rejected are normally allowed to stay on\nhumanitarian grounds. While Sudan has maintained a generous open door policy towards\nEritrean refugees it is a difficult protection environment. No refugee has the right to free\nmovement within the country. Controls have become increasingly strict as a result of political\ntension following the separation of South Sudan; improved relations between Sudan and\nEritrea; and a reinforced effort to prevent trafficking and smuggling. UNHCR estimates that\napproximately 3,000 persons enter Sudan from Eritrea every month. Of those on average\n2,000 persons seek asylum in Sudan and are subsequently hosted in Shagarab camp located\nnear the town of Kassala.\n\n\nDue to its longevity Shagarab refugee camp has developed into a lively market and it is\ncommon for the local population to trade and socialize inside the camp. Refugees with social\nnetworks in Sudan may be able to bypass the regulations imposed by the Government,\nacquire citizenship, ID cards, travel permits, live in towns, and sometimes gain access to\nhigher education. However that may not be the case for the majority of the refugee population\nnow leaving Eritrea. Those now leaving the country are young, Christian, Tigrinya and from\nurban areas. Much like young Sudan-born refugees, the new arrivals are generally unwilling\nto remain in an enclosed camp setting without access to higher education or employment.\nHowever unlike some Sudan-born refugees they may not have the social networks enabling\nthem to access education providing an additional reason to risk onward movement.\n\n\nIn some cases, particularly journalists, high ranking officers and political opponents, the\ncamps\u2019 close proximity to the Eritrean border causes further anxiety and need for immediate\nsecondary movement. This is increasingly pertinent when relationships between Eritrea and\nSudan are amicable and where the deportations of Eritreans in Sudan over the border are\nbecoming increasingly common (Amnesty International 2012). Furthermore, safety in the\ncamp is reported to be an immediate concern of many \u2018this is very much a risk everyone is\ntold to avoid: stories of people being abducted from the safety of their houses, let alone\nnewcomers sleeping outside\u2026\u2019 (Mehari 2010). This may be another reason East Sudan is\nincreasingly a transit region. Reports of human rights violations in Sudan may also be a\nmotivation for swift onward movement [32] .\n\n\n29 For a comprehensive analysis of National Service and WYDC see Kibreab 2009 and Bozzini 2011\n30 UNHCR Online Population Statistics database\n31 UNHCR Online Population Statistics database\n32 For documented human rights abuses in Sudan see U.S. Department of State 2011 and Human Rights Watch\n2009\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Online Population Statistics database", - "confidence": 0.8292120695114136, - "start": 617, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.914669930934906, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5619279146194458, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Online Population Statistics database", - "confidence": 0.5869419574737549, - "start": 623, - "end": 628 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "documented human rights abuses", - "confidence": 0.6463198065757751, - "start": 630, - "end": 634 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "U.S. Department of State", - "confidence": 0.516988217830658, - "start": 637, - "end": 644 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9514502882957458, - "start": 635, - "end": 636 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6165465712547302, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "More than 75 percent of the new arrivals therefore remain in Shagarab camp for only a matter\nof weeks, in most cases just long enough to receive refugee documentation from COR. The\ncountry\u2019s strict encampment policy causes new arrivals to seek onward transportation offered\nby smugglers.\n\n\n**The role of smugglers in primary movement**\n\n\nAs outlined in the previous section movement is deeply entrenched in the history of Eritrea.\nDue to the tight exit controls that have been in place in the state since its inception, Eritreans\nhave developed multiple routes and strategies to leave the country. Not all of these routes\ninvolve smugglers and it should be well-noted only a small number of smugglers commit\nabuses. Furthermore due to the restrictive regimes in Eritrea and the governance of refugees\nprevailing in Sudan many smugglers act as an important link for Eritreans to flee to safety.\n\n\nSudan\u2019s eastern border with Eritrea extends over 660 km with legal entry points at only three\nlocations (Awad, Lafa, and Gergif). Not all of those making the journey use smugglers. Most\nof those who live in the lowlands, in particular those who live relatively close to the border\nreportedly trek the whole distance until they reach the Sudanese territories. Sawa, the military\ntraining camp, is 18 miles away from the Sudanese border and some may use this as an\nopportunity to evade national service. For example 30 percent of teachers assigned to Sawa\nreportedly use this route to leave the country (M\u00fcller 2012: 458). Those travelling from\nfurther afield may have a permit to travel by bus closer to the border areas such as Tesseney\nor Golluj while others walk the whole distance (reports suggest from as far as Keren, Asmara\nand Ghindae).\n\n\nWhere smugglers are used to cross the border, people from the Rashaida ethnic group are\nmentioned with particular frequency. This leads to a concerning tendency in the literature to\nbrand all Rashaida as involved in committing abuses against Eritreans fleeing to safety. It is\nnecessary to stress only a small number of people from the Rashaida ethnic group are\ninvolved in this type of smuggling and an even smaller number commit abuses [33] . An\nexplanation of their history and way of life indicates why they might be so ubiquitous in\ntestimonies and have gained this particular reputation in the area. It also illustrates how this\ngroup is not a cause of the problem (and could potentially be stopped if there was the political\nwill) but more a logical participant given their particular history, skills and lack of other\neconomic opportunities in the region.\n\nThought to have originated from Saudi Arabia in the mid-19 [th] century [34] the Rashaida, as late\narrivers to the continent, did not have access to regular water sources. [35] They became\nnomadic camel pastoralists confined to the more arid, inner areas of east Sudan but used their\nconnections with Gulf States and later with Egypt [36] for trade and employment. Those that\n\n\n33 Interview with Metje Postma June 5 2012\n34 This is a view that is now propagated by some Rashaida namely, Mubrouk Mubarak Salim, from the Rashaida\ntribe he is the leader of a political opposition group the Rashaida Free Lions. In 1996 Mabrouk Mubarak Salim\nhad published a study, on the genealogy, history and \u2018folklore\u2019 of the Rashaida: _The Rashaayda, the descendants_\n_of the Abbs, between past and present_ . According to research undertaken by Postma, Rashaida are aware of this\nbook even though many of them cannot read. Interestingly according to Postma, Rashaida can relate their distant\nhistory but were hesitant to relate their more recent migration history to the continent.\n35 This has had long standing implications as local administration in east Sudan is based on land ownership.\n36 The only camel meat market in the region is situated in Egypt and therefore when there was a surplus of\ncamels families grouped together to make the journey and share the risk of travelling from the Red Sea to Cairo.\nOther goods would be brought back to sell in the markets in Sudan.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "remained on the coast traded Sudanese goods across the Red Sea. They have been described\nas the \u2018axis of movement all the way from Tesseney to Hailaib\u2019. [37]\n\nLabour migration to the Gulf beginning in the mid-70s, _de facto_ freedom from conscription in\nEritrea and their sophisticated trading and smuggling networks have allowed some to become\nhighly self-sufficient and independent. [38] They have maintained a way of life despite draughts,\nconflict and political repression. Rashaida are endogamous, the majority are isolated, and\ntheir predominantly nomadic lifestyle has not previously emphasized the need for education.\n\nFor the most part the Rashaida have avoided fighting in the many conflicts [39] that have\nbeleaguered the region and avoided affiliation to any political group. [40] They are easily\nidentifiable by their appearance and are usually heavily armed. Rashaida are mostly nomadic\nand therefore reside for varying amounts of time in many different areas of east Sudan. There\nare increasing numbers of Rashaida located in an area to the west of Kassala called Mastora\nwith smaller numbers reported in Gederef, and the coast of the Red Sea around Port Sudan. [41]\nThey also reside in the border area with Eritrea and are active in smuggling goods between\nthe two countries. [42]\n\n\nThe small numbers of Rashaida who are smuggling Eritreans are not the only group involved.\nEritreans from ethnic groups other than Rashaida have an important role acting as brokers.\nSome of the brokers have links with those Rashaida who are acting as smugglers inside\nEritrea:\n\n\nSmugglers take you from Asmara and then drop you a few kilometers\nbefore Massawa (port in Eritrea). Then a Rashaida guy takes you from there\nat 10pm. Then you walk all night until 9 in the morning. By that time you\nwill leave Massawa to your right and get to the middle of the desert where\nno one can spot the Rashaida because they are supposed to come there on a\npick-up truck. [43]\n\n\nWhile some arrangements seem very informal, other elements of the route seem to be part of a\nhighly organized criminal network. The Bedouin in Sinai have been reported to ask for\nransom money to be deposited in many countries throughout the world, with brokers\ncomplicit in each country [44] indicating a highly organized and large global network.\n\n\n37 I am grateful to Sara Pantuliano for this phrase\n38 There are three groups of Rashaida who reside in different areas of east Sudan and west Eritrea. Different\nfamilies differ in their adherence to traditional values and have differing levels of political affiliation and power.\n39 During British administration of the region the Rashaayda were allowed to continue their trading activities in\nreturn for non-interference. This immunity from government interference seems to have continued.\n40 With the exception of the formation of the Rashaida Free Lions headed by Mabrouk Mubarak Salim\n41Despite building houses, for the majority of the year Rashaida do not live in them. Either the women are left\nbehind if the man is in Saudi Arabia or the whole family is absent and is travelling. Men are definitely very\nmobile and will be absent during rainy season (from May/June to October, however this is becoming more\nunpredictable because of climate change). More often than not they are considered storage spaces. Interview\nwith Metje Postma June 5 2012\n42 Number of Rashaida are notoriously difficult to gauge. The leader of the Free Lions Mabrouk Mubarak Salim\nbelieves there are half a million Rashaayda in Sudan. However it is more likely to be around 50,000. Metje\nPostma June 5 2012\n43 Eritrean Youth that fled from Eritrea in 2010. Interview with Metje Postma June 5 2012\n44 Interview with Meron Estefanos 18 July 2012\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gederef", - "confidence": 0.9860760569572449, - "start": 196, - "end": 197 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rashaida", - "confidence": 0.9891091585159302, - "start": 86, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Smuggling people seems to be just one piece of a wider smuggling network that extends from\nEritrea to Sinai and beyond. One testimony states:\n\n\nOn my way to Israel in 2011, I spent 20 days in the Sinai. I worked as a\ntranslator for the smuggler Abu Ahmed. Abu Ahmed is the boss of his family\nof smugglers. He brings people from Libya and Sudan to Israel and charges\nthem $15,000 each, no more, no less. He also smuggles weapons. The way he\nbrings them is through Sudan but their journey starts in a place called Allai,\nin the highlands of Eritrea. From Allai they are taken to Tesseney, which is\nthe exit town of Eritrea.\n\n\nFrom Tesseney they go to Wadi Sharifay in Sudan, which used to be a\nrefugee camp. From Wadi Sharifay to Sitau Ashrin; which is also a refugee\ncamp\u2026 The main man who is in charge of all of this is Manjus. The other\ntwo are the ones working. They bring the weapons in their cars to Wadi\nSharifay. Then Manjus calls the Rashaida and they come and there is a\nhandover \u2014 the smugglers take the weapons. These are the same gangs that\nsmuggle people. (UN Security Council Monitoring Group on Somalia and\nEritrea 2012: 20). [45]\n\n\nA further concern is the increasing reports of abductions from within Eritrea by some\nRashaida who live in the border area. These are small in number and difficult to verify.\nHowever one testimony from Tel Aviv states that four of his brothers and cousins were\nkidnapped by Rashaida from Forto Sawa (Eritrea) on their way to work in a farm. Another\nyouth whose brother is an Israeli resident was kidnapped from Gebmaica (Eritrea) on his way\nto Sudan. All were asked to pay $4,000 for safe exit to their destination. However, after\npaying the amount demanded they were sold to another smuggler who asked a further\n$30,000 for their safe conduct to Israel (ICER 2012).\n\n\nThere are also many reports of brokers operating at many different points within Eritrea.\n\u2018There are brokers everywhere inside Eritrea so there is no problem \u2013 you will know\nsomeone who knows someone \u2013 these networks have been established for a very long\ntime\u2019. [46] M\u00fcller notes from a recent visit to Eritrea that \u2018there is a significant group of young\npeople on the streets of Asmara, who are well heeled and spending money freely with no\napparent danger of being sent to Sawa\u2026their existence is a visible sign of how certain\nshadowy networks dominated either by the PFDJ, the military or a combination of both,\ndemarcate spheres of political and social life\u2019 (M\u00fcller 2012: 460).\n\n\nThere are also some reports of families in the diaspora who pay a broker to smuggle a family\nmember out of Eritrea only to be told that the person has subsequently been kidnapped by a\nmember of a Rashaida group who is operating as a smuggler. [47] They believe the brokers are\ncomplicit in abduction as they always manage to avoid being caught themselves. It is\nreported that if there was the political will the particular Rashaida traders who are involved in\nthese processes could be stopped. However, as the main movers of goods and hard currency\nwithin Eritrea, the political will might be lacking.\n\n\n45 It should be noted that these reports are strenuously denied by Tesfamariam Tekeste Debbas, Eritrea's\nambassador to Israel. Avi Granot, head of the Africa division in Israel\u2019s foreign ministry, also denied any\nknowledge of Eritrean arms entering Israel (Sydney Morning Herald 2012)\n46 Interview with Jemal Ferah 27 July 2012\n47 Interview with Meron Estefanos 18 July 2012\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The role of smugglers in secondary movement**\n\n\nEast Sudan is not the final country of destination for the majority Eritreans currently leaving\nthe country. The motivations of Eritreans to flee and the changing demographics of those\ncrossing the border have already been established. However there are a number of different\nroutes Eritreans utilize in order to leave Sudan. Each route involves different levels of\nawareness and volition at each stage. Also changes can occur many times along the route,\nwith an individual moving across migration categories.\n\n\n**At the border**\n\n\nUNHCR Kassala stated they receive between 30 and 50 cases a month of people claiming\nthat they had been kidnapped at the border [48] . These individuals have been caught by the\npolice. Claims of kidnapping have only emerged slowly over the past five years and ransoms\nhave steadily increased with amounts up to $16,000 [49] . The amount demanded continues to\nincrease.\n\n\nSome of those who are abducted reported they were given the option of release in Sudan or\ncan \u2018chose\u2019 to be taken to Sinai for a smaller amount of money. This is usually a false\npromise as even if the ransom is paid for release in Sudan, individuals are nevertheless\nforcefully taken to Sinai. However this depends on the particular smuggler (Fishbein 2010).\n\n\nThe purpose of the capture is to extort money as quickly as possible. If an individual cannot\nraise the funds they may be sold to another group in Sudan or taken to Sinai:\n\n\nPeople crossing the border on foot are especially vulnerable to the very\nmobile, organized and flexible Rashaida\u2026They would offer to give them a\nride or force them on board their pick-ups. Hoping to find people that would\ntravel to Israel, they subject people to interrogations and extreme tortures\nuntil they would be \u2018forced to plan\u2019 to go to Israel (Mehari 2010).\n\n\nConsistently NGOs and UNHCR offices in Israel and Cairo report a small number of\ntestimonies that state there was no intention to travel to Sinai and that abduction had taken\nplace around the border area. Kidnapping from the Eritrea-Sudan border was reported by four\nof the 70 individuals interviewed by UNHCR Israel between September and December 2011.\nThey claimed that they were kidnapped shortly after crossing to Sudan while they were\nmaking their way to Shagarab refugee camp. Also, more than half those identified during the\nMarch visit to Saharonim detention centre claimed they had not planned to travel to Israel,\nbut rather to the Sudan area (Shagarab refugee camp, Khartoum, or South Sudan). [50] It should\nbe noted that this is not representative of Eritreans in Israel however does indicate that these\nactions are taking place.\n\n\nIt seems as though the small number of Rashaida smugglers who engage in this practice are\nbecoming less wary about their activities and this may be adding to the ubiquity with which\nthey are mentioned in testimonies. Recently there are increasing reports that asylum seekers\nare taken whilst en route to Shagarab refugee camp. For example there was recently an\nincident in the south between the border and Shagarab camp. A COR bus was taking between\n\n\n48 Interview with UNHCR Kassala 28 June 2012\n\n49 Interview with Natalie Smith 19 November 2012\n50 Interview with UNHCR Israel 2 August 2012\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10-15 asylum seekers. A group of heavily armed Rashaida approached the bus and took\neveryone on board apart from one boy. [51]\n\n\nI did not plan to come to Israel. I left Eritrea in November 2011 for\nKhartoum, Sudan, where my aunt lives. I planned to work with my aunt. But\nI could not reach Khartoum, because in Kassala, Sudan, the rashayda\n(smugglers) kidnapped me. They took me to the desert, where they held me\nfor a month. The smugglers called my aunt and demanded that she pay\n$10,000 to release me to Khartoum. My aunt told them that she would pay\nthem once they brought me to Khartoum. The smugglers did not take me to\nKhartoum; they kept me there and raped me. After a month, the smugglers\ntold me that they were transferring me to Khartoum, but they lied and\ntransferred me to Sinai\u2019. [52]\n\n\n**In Shagarab**\n\n\nFrom the available literature it is not possible to accurately evaluate all of the differing\nreasons why an individual embarked on a particular journey from Shagarab refugee camp and\nhow they became involved with a specific group of smugglers. However there are some\ncharacteristics of the refugee camp and related processes that are important to highlight.\n\n\nOne important feature is the role of the security and border forces. From testimonies\nregarding experiences in Shagarab there seems to be very close relationships between some\nRashaida acting as smugglers, security, border guards and some of those working within the\ncamp. The threat of being abducted or sold to smugglers from within the camp is feared by\nmany.\n\n\nTestimonies also state the involvement of both Eritrean and Sudanese military and border\npatrols in the smuggling route.\n\n\nI'm 21-years-old. I worked my entire life as a shepherd in my village in\nEritrea, and I never went to school. In April 2010 I left Eritrea for Sudan,\nhoping to find a good job. I didn't plan to come to Israel. I hadn't heard of this\ncountry when I was in Eritrea. When I crossed the border between Eritrea and\nSudan, a soldier caught me and demanded money. I had no money, and that\nsoldier transferred me to Bedouin smugglers, who transferred me and many\nother people to Sinai. (Hotline for Migrant Workers 2011: 18).\n\n\nIt was also noted by Pantuliano (2005) in her interviews with local youth in Kassala and Port\nSudan that some government members might be trying to ignite tribal tensions along the\nborder to their advantage. This was particularly in reference to assistance offered to progovernment Beni Amer militia to patrol the border. This group of Beni Amer is of Eritrean\norigin and is now living in Sudan. This might have repercussions for their relationships with\nother Beni Amer groups in Sudan and how the border between Eritrea and Sudan is\ncontrolled.\n\n\n51 Interview with UNHCR Kassala 28 June 2012\n52 Female, from Eritrea, arrived to Israel in February 2012, was kidnapped to Sinai and held there for three\nmonths, paid $3,000 for his release (interview conducted by the Administrative Tribunal in the Saharonim\nprison in February 2012)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A second important feature of the process is the involvement of Eritrean brokers to arranging\nonward movement from within the camp:\n\n\nMany of those that decide to stay in Shegerab for a longer time are engaged\nin the business of trafficking people out of Eritrea to Khartoum or Israel. In\nfact, the scale of this business astonished me. Most of the people that stayed\nhere over 6 months and that I spoke to are one way or the other engaged in\nthis business mostly as middlemen (Mehari 2010).\n\n\nThe economic problems people face in the camp are stated as one reason why some people\nbecome involved as brokers: \u2018mostly these people do this as a temporary solution to their\nfinancial problems in Shegerab. Yet, after a couple of rounds, few quit the business\u2019 (Mehari\n2010). Brokers may perform many different tasks and have differing levels of involvement in\nthe onward journey:\n\n\nThose from the border regions, with knowledge of all routes and with\npersonal networks may work as smugglers and then sell the 'clients' on to the\nRashaida or other traffickers. They are able to speak both fluent Tigrinya and\nArabic. They work as the middle men in the sense that they scout for people\nwanting to travel to Khartoum, to Cairo or to Israel in the camps. They gather\nthe people for the trips and sell them on to the Rashaida after exiting the\ncamps. They may simply also give people information on when the next car\nwill be leaving the camp (Smith 2011).\n\n\nFurthermore, life in Shagarab refugee camp is characterized by ethnic divides. Different\nethnicities are thought to have different aspirations. One testimony states that people from\nAkele-Guzai region are thought to have strong connections abroad and to be most likely\ngoing to Israel. Those from Maekel region are believed to be going to Europe, while those\nfrom Gash Barka are simply associated with smuggling people out of Eritrea and settling in\nSudan (Mehari 2010). This has important implications as facilitators in the route are usually\nof the same ethnicity as those embarking on the movement (Hamood 2006: 50). It has also\nbeen reported that Eritreans seeking safety in Ethiopia arrange their onward transport with\nsomeone who speaks the same language, comes from a similar area in Eritrea and is\npersuasive regarding the potential opportunities in different towns and cities. [53]\n\n\nTestimonies state they have been told they are being taken to Khartoum or other Sudanese\ntowns for the purposes of finding work and money is not demanded immediately. Refugees\ninterviewed in detention in Israel by UNHCR seemed to think the smugglers operating from\nwithin the refugee camp were more trustworthy. New arrivals are reported to be particularly\nvulnerable due to the disorientating nature of arriving and existing in a camp environment.\n\n\n**The route to Sinai**\n\n\nAlthough the locations and way Eritreans enter the route differ, the route through Sudan to\nthe Egyptian border seems similar. Smugglers gather people in groups and then make the\njourney when they have the amount of people they require.\n\n\n53 Report from UNHCR Protection assistant in Ethiopia Melaku Gutema December 2010.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "When one lands on an agreement with one group (of brokers) he or she is\nmade to stay in one particular place, mostly in houses in the outskirts of\nShegerab, along with fellow travelers. When enough people are gathered,\nthey are then handed over to the Rashaida who in turn transport them to\nKassala. Finally a convoy of 7-10 pickups \u2013 each carrying around 15\npeople\u2026 4 fully armed vehicles at the front and back of the convoy set on a\n4-7 days journey to Sinai and Israel (Mehari 2010).\n\n\nThe most common place where people are kept is Mastora, an increasingly developing area\nof west Kassala home to a primarily Rashaida community (Smith 2011). Other locations are\nfurther along the main highway between Khartoum and Kassala. Halfa, Al Jedida, and Port\nSudan are mentioned but with less frequency (ICER 2012).\n\n\nThe Rashaida put us into a building, where we stayed for 17 days, while\nothers were brought. Everyone was then put into 6 open trucks. It was to take\na day-and-a-half to cross the desert to Egypt. But it took 2 additional days,\nbecause the trucks broke down \u2013 and they would get bogged down in the\nsand, and the refugees would have to push the truck to free it. After getting\nloose, any refugee that didn\u2019t make it back into the truck right away was left\nbehind in the desert. At the Sudan-Egypt border, the Rashaida turned the\nrefugees over to Egyptian Bedouins in exchange for payment (Free Eritrea\n2011).\n\n\nThe group I tried to reach Israel with had four trucks, with 25 Eritreans on\neach one. There were 14 women and four children in the group. The journey\nfrom Sudan to the Sinai Desert took one week. Every night the smugglers\nstopped the cars and told us to sleep somewhere. The smugglers had weapons\nand would forcefully cover us. If we moved they would beat us. They were\nviolent before we reached the Sinai Desert. (Hotline for Migrant Workers\n2011: 20).\n\n\nThe journey to Sinai is long and difficult and could not be undertaken lightly. In addition to\nthe harsh conditions faced by those travelling through the desert with inadequate food and\nwater many state severe forms of harassment, extortion and torture on the route through\nSudan. Women are also often victims of rape and sexual assault.\n\n\nOne concerning trend is reports of abuse similar to those taken place in Sinai to Eritreans held\nin east Sudan. More concerning are reports that when exact locations and people are\nidentified to the police, no action is taken (Smith, 2011). According to UNHCR Israel, the\nfirst documented abuse of this type was recorded in Saharonim detention centre in February\n2012.\n\n\nThe IC was put into the back of the car and driven to a compound in the\nwilderness. He was tied with chains to a tree, arms stretched and legs clipped\nwith another set of chains. He was given some water and little food. Every\nday, he was beaten and tortured. Some the men used their knives to dig at his\nflesh or cut any part of his body. His clothes were filled with blood (Smith,\n2011).\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.8495566248893738, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Smith", - "confidence": 0.9468314051628113, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Saharonim detention centre", - "confidence": 0.5923307538032532, - "start": 505, - "end": 508 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8730418086051941, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritreans", - "confidence": 0.722737729549408, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Possibilities and challenges for protection**\n\n\nThere are many separate issues that make protection for Eritreans on this route difficult. It is\nevident that the route operating within Eritrea and stretching to Sinai and beyond is composed\nof groups of networks containing actors with varying levels of organization and experience\nand using different levels of coercion and violence. There are some members of the network,\nsuch as those acting as guides along the Eritrean-Sudanese border or operating as brokers\ninside refugee camps who are using the smuggling route as an opportunistic and short term\nstrategy to make money. Similarly it is reported there are varying levels of experience and\norganization within the groups of Rashaida who engage in taking Eritreans to Sinai.\n\n\nThe amount of ransom money demanded is also increasing. Demands from smugglers ranged\nfrom $3,500 to $5,000 in 2011 however testimonies now report ransoms in east Sudan of up\nto $16,000 and are continually increasing. Furthermore, on release individuals may be\ntransferred to another smuggler and forced to pay a further ransom. As stated above, there is\nan increasing trend of Eritreans being held captive in Sudan for these purposes.\n\n\nThere are a number of steps currently being taken. The Sudanese Government is currently\ndrawing up anti-trafficking legislation which is being consulted by IOM. However it must be\nensured that the legislation is effective and enacted. [54] Currently the Sudanese Government\ndoes not categorise this movement as trafficking and therefore it remains to be seen whether\nthis will have an effect on the situation for Eritreans caught in these processes in east Sudan.\n\n\nIncreased security is also a key issue in this route. The Sudanese Government frequently calls\nfor monetary support to help police the border between Sudan and Eritrea. However as has\nbeen noted by many testimonies, many border guards, police, security and those at check\npoints on the route may be benefitting considerably from the movement of Eritreans through\nthe country. This could make capacity building at the local level highly problematic.\n\n\nIt has been demonstrated that multilateral measures are key to addressing smuggling across\nborders (Long and Crisp 2009). This seems particularly challenging considering the countries\ninvolved in this route, their diplomatic relations and the history of the region. This makes it\neven more important to act whilst relations are amicable between particular countries\ninvolved in the process.\n\n\nIt is also clear that for anti \u2013 smuggling measures to be effective they must be complemented\nby opening up legal migration channels. This poses a particular challenge in Eritrea where the\ncurrent regime exercises strict control over its population. There are tight restrictions to\nobtain passports and exit visas which are unlikely to be significantly relaxed, forcing\nEritreans to use illegal routes. The situation is similar in Sudan. The strict encampment policy\ncurrently prevailing in Sudan may encourage those desperate to leave into dangerous and\nexploitative situations. Eritreans have very few options other than to embark on dangerous\nroutes and place their lives in the hands of smugglers in order to reach safety.\n\n\nIt is well established that measures to combat smuggling and trafficking should focus on the\nperpetrators and wider processes linked to these activities. Some smugglers are from the\nRashaida ethnic group. Their role in the process should be placed with reference to recent\npolitical history and the lack of economic developments in the area.\n\n\n54 Egypt has comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation but it is rarely implemented. United States Department of\nState, 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report - Egypt, 19 June 2012\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In order to understand the Sudanese and Eritrean Governments\u2019 response to the Rashaida and\nother groups in the region a brief overview is important. As mentioned earlier the various\ngroups of Beja, Rashaida and Beni Amer peoples live on both sides of the Sudan-Eritrea\nborder. They pursue pastoralist economy and are very combative (Young 2007: 17). Under\nsuch conditions, these borderlands and border peoples have become transit belts for conflicts.\n\n\nThe East Sudanese Peace Agreement forms the basis for the power agreement in the east and\ndetermines government relationships with Rashaida. Signed in October 2006 it brought to an\nend the opposition of the Eastern Front which was an alliance between the Beja Congress and\nthe Rashaida Free Lions. The Free Lions, spear headed by Mubrouk Mubarek Salim,\norganized those who held grievances against the Government.\n\n\nThis disillusionment had been growing since 1991 and was based on some Rashaida\u2019s\nincreasing allegiances with the Gulf States. [55] Police also reportedly took livestock or\nequipment and generally harassed some of the Rashaida population. [56] Coupled with depleting\nlivestock, draught and constriction of nomadic lands those with few other options joined the\nopposition Free Lions. [57] The Eritrean Government mobilized this group between 2000 and\n2006 in order to destabilize Sudan through disrupting the oil pipelines that run through the\neast of the country.\n\n\nIn order to bring this situation to an end the signing of the peace agreement ushered in\nnumerous changes. Rashaida were given positions in the police force and Mubrouk Mubarek\nSalim was given a position in the Government as Secretary of State for Bridges, Roads and\nTransport. However the Eastern Peace Agreement did not benefit all Rashaida. Many of the\nFree Lions' fighters who lived in camps around Tesseney that came to Sudan within the frame\nof the Peace Agreement returned to Eritrea as they didn\u2019t find any support or work in Sudan.\nIt is not clear how many are still inside Eritrea or at the border. Also since the signing of the\nPeace Agreement there are many displaced pastoralist Rashaida, who never settled in one of\nthe camps, still living on the border between Eritrea and Sudan. It is thought some went to the\nsmugglers-camps at Ali Gidr. [58]\n\n\nThe leadership within the Rashaida population also is far from clear. From the 1980s the\nRashaida requested from the Government the appointment of their own Nazir, the highest\ntribal authority, which would give them authority in local administration. However, Nazirates\nare linked to the possession of tribal land and historically the Rashaida have no claim to land\nin eastern Sudan (Pantuliano 2005: 15). In 1989 the Government of Sadiq el Mahdi decided\nto grant the Rashaida a Nazirate, but this provoked heated reaction and the Government\ndowngraded the Nazir to the rank of Rais al Idara (Head of Administration), a de facto Nazir\nwithout land. The dispute is still not settled today and Rashaida claim that they have a full\nNazirate with land that has been granted to them by the current government. The nominated\n\n\n55 Mubrouk Mubarak Salim has been instrumental in propagating the idea of a \u2018Pan-Rashaayda movement\u2019. This\nmovement has developed since the nineties in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Sudan where there are Rashaayda that\nacknowledge their mutual kinship. Rashaida sided with the United Arab Emirates in supporting Kuwait in the\nGulf War. Sudan, supporting Iraq at the time, subsequently confiscated 400 vehicles given to Rashaida from\nKuwait in gratitude for their assistance causing tension in the region.\n56 Interview with Sara Pantuliano 27 July 2012\n57 Interview with Metje Postma 5 June 2012\n58 Interview with Metje Postma from field notes collected in 2007\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nazir, who is also a member of the national assembly, Ahmed Hameed Berki is more closely\nallied to the Government than Mubrouk Mubarak Salim. [59]\n\n\nIt is therefore important to note that the Rashaida are not united under one leader and there\nare important circumstantial, political, intergenerational and gender differences. Some divides\nexist as there are beliefs the Government favours some lineages over others politically. There\nare three lineages in Sudan (with sub branches) and all are very aware and very proud of their\nown lineage and may not support other groups. [60]\n\n\nIt is reported that the nominated Rashaida Nazir cannot prevent the young men from\nsmuggling activities, as this is the only form of income they have. The large 'Rashaida\nMarket' on the highway between Girba and Kassala is highly active, however the police now\nhave a specific 'anti-trafficking' unit and are regularly seen towing large loads of electronic\ngoods into their compound. However the less money Rashaida traders and other traders are\nable to make in electronics and other illicit goods, the higher their demand for human life\n(Smith 2011).\n\n\nAnother element in the politics of the region is the little mentioned border with Egypt. In\n1994, Egypt co-opted a piece of land called the \u2018Halaib triangle\u2019 and has kept it under its\ncontrol, building infrastructure and services there. In the view of those in the Red Sea State\nthis further underlines the Government neglect of the area. This piece of land is located along\none part of the smuggling route demonstrating the complexity of increasing control in the\narea.\n\n\nThe strength of the Eritrean diaspora must also be considered. Routes of movement have to\nbe seen within the context of wider social frameworks, of which the smugglers only form a\npart. Family, friends, and peers have a role in supporting those in transit either with financial\nresources, information or contacts, including on smugglers. The informality of this part of the\nmovement makes it highly challenging to combat smuggling activities and in particular those\nat the early stages of the smuggling route (ICMPD 2008: 30).\n\n\nAs highlighted in a paper addressing mixed movements to South Africa (Crisp and Long\n2009), governments cannot just respond with enforcement measures and efforts to obstruct or\ndeter movements. As can be seen with the tightening of the route to Europe through Libya, or\nthe prevailing conditions in Egypt the resulting flows can be more dangerous and drive\nrefugees further underground.\n\n\nCurrently there is a need for a continued transport route to help asylum seekers flee from this\nregion. [61] Some members of the Rashaida ethnic group who are participating in smuggling are\ncurrently providing this needed transport. However as outlined above due to the complex\npolitical, economic and social situation, this method is placing those fleeing human rights\nabuses in increasing danger. However, as has been highlighted above, the Rashaida\n\n59 Interview with Metje Postma5 June 2012\n60 It is important to note that the genealogical history of Rashaida is unclear and conflicting. However this does\nnot mean that Rashaida are unable to place their geneology. As Postma says \u2018Bedouin oral tradition as a form\nand mode of representation should be perceived more as a way of affirming social ties, than as factually accurate\nchronological history\u2019. Rashaida has become somewhat of an umbrella name that offered a form of protection in\ntimes when it was crucial to belong to a strong tribe. The political leaders however also represent the Rashaida\nhistory in Sudan, in a nationalistic political context, as part of Sudanese history.\n61 The other movements in the region are beyond the scope of this paper however there are similar routes which\nrequire research including Ethiopians to Yemen; Sudanese travelling to Libya; and Somalis going through\nEgypt.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "smugglers involved in these actions are not a cause of the problem but are a participant in\nwider processes that link back to the structural inequalities and neglect in the region. Despite\nthis the suffering that a small number of smugglers inflict on Eritreans seeking safety should\nnot be underestimated.\n\n\nThis paper has reviewed the reasons Eritreans flee and the changing refugee dynamics in east\nSudan. The role of some Rashaida traders in this route has been examined and placed in the\ncontext of their particular history, the current regime in Eritrea, diplomatic relations between\nSudan and Eritrea, and underdevelopment providing few options for the long standing and\nnew populations in east Sudan.\n\n\nThis paper has not sought to offer definitive answers to cease practices of smuggling but\ninstead tries to place these practices within the history and politics in the region. It has\noffered some explanations into the underlying dynamics of the route and the environment\nthrough which these processes have developed. It is hoped that it will provide some insights\nand possibilities for alternative solutions to alleviate the shocking and concerning conditions\nfaced by those fleeing Eritrea.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/75219dc9-f2bb-30de-9cb9-fe7bfb4850db/human%20smuggling%20and%20trafficking%20from%20Eritrea%20to%20Sudan%20and%20Egypt.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_814/raw/doc_814_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_814/raw/doc_814_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 595de6d0cb0f933278c5c02513cc4ae3fa47be62..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_814/raw/doc_814_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UKRAINE**\n## **HUMANITARIAN EVACUATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15 June 2015 The Protection Cluster include sub-clusters on Child Protection, Gender Based Violence and Mine-Action.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df7c93f4-411c-3d82-8123-bc6b52e28c1b/humanitarian_evacuations_en_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "15 June 2015 The Protection Cluster include sub-clusters on Child Protection, Gender Based Violence and Mine-Action.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/df7c93f4-411c-3d82-8123-bc6b52e28c1b/humanitarian_evacuations_en_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_815/raw/doc_815_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_815/raw/doc_815_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7522d6784ecd78628b15f668af89cc5831032697..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_815/raw/doc_815_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n## **Why focus on** **migrants and refugees**\n\n\nThe immediate effects of the pandemic included restrictions on mobility,\nimposed by countries to limit human-to-human transmission of the\nvirus. As a result, many migrants and refugees have been left stranded\nin host countries, without food, shelter, access to essential services or\nthe ability to return home. Moreover, many asylum seekers have not\nbeen able to access asylum countries to seek protection. Numerous\nmigrants are also at risk of falling into an irregular situation, as they are\nunable to meet legal requirements or access visa processes.\n\n\nThe pandemic has increased stigma, xenophobia and discrimination,\nand migrants have been accused of contributing to the spread of the\ndisease. Furthermore, migrant families and communities in countries\nof origin are expected to be significantly impacted owing to a drop\nin remittances, particularly affecting food security, nutrition, and\naccess to basic services, such as health care and education.\n\n\nSpecific groups of migrants and refugees are at particular risk,\nincluding individuals in an irregular administrative situation or\nwithout documentation, low-skilled/low-income migrants, migrant\nand refugee women, girls with special needs, those without family/\ncommunity support, children, persons with disabilities and stateless\npersons. Ensuring that migrants and refugees are not left behind\nis essential to achieving the objectives of the Global Compact for\nSafe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM), the Global Compact on\nRefugees (GCR), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\nand its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).\n\n##### SDG target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including\n\nfinancial risk protection, access to quality essential healthcare\nservices and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable\nessential medicines and vaccines for all.\n\n##### GCM objective 15. Provide access to basic services for\n\nmigrants.\n\n##### GCR paragraph 72. In line with national health care laws,\n\npolicies and plans, and in support of host countries, States and\nrelevant stakeholders will contribute resources and expertise\nto expand and enhance the quality of national health systems to\nfacilitate access by refugees and host communities, including\nwomen and girls; children, adolescents and youth; older\npersons; those with chronic illnesses, including tuberculosis\nand HIV; survivors of trafficking in persons, torture, trauma or\nviolence, including sexual and gender-based violence; and\npersons with disabilities.\n\n\n\n**Over 40 million migrants and refugees**\n**were hosted in the Arab region in 2019**\n\n\n**Around 32 million migrants and refugees**\n**originated from Arab countries by 2019**\n\n\n**The GCC subregion had the highest**\n**proportion of migrant workers as a share of**\n**the national workforce worldwide in 2017**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact**\n**on women and girls**\n\n## **Policy response**\n\n\nThe recommendations in the present policy brief are\ndrawn from the analysis presented in a technical\npaper entitled \u201cImpact of COVID-19 on migrants and\nrefugees in the Arab region\u201d. The technical paper\nanalyses the health and socioeconomic effects of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic on migrants and refugees,\nand discusses its impact on a number of related\nissues, including return and voluntary repatriation,\ntrafficking in persons, women and children, and\nrefugees in the Arab region.\n\n##### **Short-term recommendations**\n\n\n_**Health**_\n\n\n**1.** Provide full access to quality health services, including\nHIV and reproductive health services, to migrants\nand refugees of all ages, genders and backgrounds,\nparticularly those in vulnerable situations such as\nmigrants and refugees in irregular administrative\nsituations, including those without documentation,\ndomestic workers, and victims of trafficking in persons;\n\n\n**2.** Ensure access to female health-care providers and\nseparate access to health-care services for women\nin clinics and hospitals;\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n**Remittances to the MENA region are projected**\n**to decrease as a result of COVID-19**\n\n\n**3.** Guarantee access to asylum and protection for\nindividuals with international protection needs,\nwhile implementing health and security protocols;\n\n\n**4.** Extend health insurance schemes to include all\nmigrants and refugees, including migrants and\nrefugees in irregular administrative situations;\n\n\n**5.** Ensure that employers do not hinder employees\nfrom accessing COVID-19 tests and receiving\nmedical care, and that workers who test positive\nare provided with suitable facilities to self-isolate\nand are entitled to paid sick leave;\n\n\n**6.** Train employers on health policy directives\nto ensure that they are properly implemented\nin workplaces and worker accommodations\nfacilities, and ensure proper monitoring of their\nimplementation;\n\n\n**7.** Provide COVID-19 prevention and control measures\nto migrants and refugees in languages they\ncomprehend, including isolation and quarantine\nservices;\n\n\n**8.** Raise awareness among migrants and refugees on\nthe importance of seeking health care, regardless of\ntheir administrative situation;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n**9.** Implement communication with community strategies\nto reach migrants and refugees of all ages, genders\nand backgrounds, and facilitate their access to\nprotection and assistance;\n\n\n**10.** Provide training on special context considerations\nfor health workers, community health workers and\nothers responsible for meeting the health needs of\nmigrants and refugees;\n\n\n**11.** Guarantee that care-rationing choices should not\nbe made on the basis of nationality or displacement\nstatus;\n\n\n**12.** Ensure that mental health and psychosocial support,\nincluding specialized services for persons with\nsevere mental health conditions, remain available\nto all migrants and refugees during the pandemic,\nincluding those in detention;\n\n\n**13.** Ensure that health, mental health and psychosocial\nsupport service providers are trained by\ngender-based violence (GBV) specialists on\nhow to recognize signs that a person may be\na GBV survivor; are prepared to deal with GBV\ndisclosures in a safe, sensitive, confidential and\nsurvivor-centred manner; and are able to offer\npsychological support, first aid, and make referrals\nas needed;\n\n\n**14.** Ensure that mental health and psychosocial support\ncontinues to be provided remotely, for instance,\nthrough tele-counselling services;\n\n\n**15.** Protect and promote the human rights of people with\nsevere mental health conditions and psychosocial\ndisabilities, for example, by monitoring whether\nthey have equal access to COVID-19 care;\n\n\n**16.** Ensure that national and local COVID-19 preparedness\nand response strategies and plans include migrants\nand refugees;\n\n\n**17.** Ensure that national strategies for disease\ninfection, prevention and control, and access\nto essential non-COVID health services include\nmigrants and refugees, and identify ways to\nreach marginalized or hard-to-reach groups\namongst them;\n\n\n**18.** Guarantee continued availability of pre- and postnatal health care, contraceptives, and critical\nprovisions for clinical management of rape.\n\n\n\n_**Administrative situation**_\n\n\n**1.** Modify visa and permit requirements and provide\nflexible arrangements for regularization to\nensure that victims of trafficking in persons and\nmigrants with temporary documents do not fall\ninto irregular situations;\n\n\n**2.** Facilitate the safe, dignified and voluntary return\nof stranded migrants, and ensure that they have\naccess to health services, including COVID-19\ntesting, adequate housing, water, food, and\nfinancial and reintegration support while awaiting\nreturn or repatriation;\n\n\n**3.** Suspend all forced returns during the pandemic,\nespecially of vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers,\nincluding unaccompanied or separated children, and\nprovide them with health care, temporary residence,\npsychosocial support services, community-based\naccommodation, and legal assistance;\n\n\n**4.** Introduce mandatory individual assessment of\nchildren\u2019s cases and their best interest by child\nprotection authorities, prior to any decision on\nreturn, to ensure the voluntariness of children\u2019s\nreturn and reunification with family, and the\nmitigation of risks of abuse, exploitation, GBV and\ntrafficking in the country of origin;\n\n\n**5.** Ensure continued implementation of resettlement and\ncomplementary pathways for refugees to facilitate\naccess to protection and solutions, including access\nto family reunification, employment opportunities\nand basic services, safety and security;\n\n\n**6.** Widen pathways for safe, orderly, and regular\nmigration to promote and protect human rights,\nincluding by developing strengthened asylum\nsystems along the Central Mediterranean route\nand legal migration pathways through family\nreunification, education and labour mobility.\n\n\n_**Education, formal employment and decent work**_\n\n\n**1.** Increase efforts to promote formalization of employment\nfor all segments of society, including migrants and\nrefugees, to achieve inclusive and decent work for all,\nbased on clear employment contracts;\n\n\n**2.** Ensure protective measures for migrants and\nrefugees in their workplaces, including by revitalizing\nexisting models such as the Jordan Compact;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.** Increase the penetration and quality of digital\naccess and promote other measures that enable\nthe reintegration of migrant and refugee children\ninto the education system and young people into\nthe job market;\n\n\n**4.** Enhance investment into new forms of remote formal\nand informal education, training and vocational\ncapacity-building, while ensuring equity in access\nto learning for both male and female migrant and\nrefugee students of different ages.\n\n\n_**Services, information, and complaint and justice**_\n_**mechanisms**_\n\n\n**1.** Ensure access to basic services for migrants,\nrefugees and their families, with a focus on the\nneeds of migrant women, children and others in\nvulnerable situations;\n\n\n**2.** Ensure that language and technology barriers are\naddressed in accessing services;\n\n\n**3.** Include women among hotline/helpline operators and\nin national security and law enforcement agencies;\n\n\n**4.** Organize separate access for men and women to\ngoods, services and distributions, when possible;\n\n\n**5.** Introduce measures that obligate companies\noperating and managing labour accommodation\nfacilities to ensure cleanliness, access to food\nand hygiene facilities, reduce overcrowding and\nprohibit any form of eviction;\n\n\n**6.** Establish emergency handwashing facilities\nand health-care services close to at-risk and\nunderserviced migrant workers\u2019 neighbourhoods\nto decrease commuting;\n\n\n**7.** Provide cash transfers to migrants and refugees\nmost affected by the economic consequences of the\npandemic to reduce homelessness and malnutrition;\n\n\n**8.** Provide support services to victims of GBV and\npromote awareness of such services among migrant\nand refugee communities;\n\n\n**9.** Ensure effective two-way communication\nmechanisms, and provision of information and\nawareness material on basic protective measures\nand procedures in different languages and tailored to\npeople of different ages, genders and backgrounds,\nincluding people with varying literacy levels;\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n**10.** Conduct awareness raising campaigns to\nfight social stigma and confront xenophobia\nand discrimination by highlighting the positive\ncontribution of migrants and refugees to their\ncountries of origin and destination;\n\n\n**11.** Strengthen existing complaint and feedback\nmechanisms; provide hotlines and other\nmechanisms in relevant languages for migrants and\nrefugees to report abuse and access information;\nand promote awareness of these hotlines among\nmigrants and refugees;\n\n\n**12.** Safeguard access to justice mechanisms for all\nmigrants and refugees, especially those at risk,\nand ensure that they can register complaints\nfor delayed or non-payment of wages and other\nentitlements, such as end-of-service benefits and\nreimbursement of social security contributions\nbefore their departure from the host country;\n\n\n**13.** Strengthen the capacity of law enforcement to\nremain vigilant and address new and evolving\nhuman trafficking patterns.\n\n##### **Medium-term recommendations**\n\n\n**1.** Ensure that all migrants and refugees benefit from\naffordable universal health care, particularly in\ntimes of crisis; and include them in health sector\npolicies, plans and strategies;\n\n\n**2.** Include migrants and refugees in disaster risk\nreduction strategies;\n\n\n**3.** Promote the regularization of migrants in an irregular\nsituation, undocumented migrants and refugees;\n\n\n**4.** Ensure inclusive social protection programmes for\nall migrants and refugees and their families or, if\nthis is not possible, provide direct assistance such\nas humanitarian cash transfers that can strengthen\nand influence social protection systems;\n\n\n**5.** Establish or strengthen cross-border cooperation\namong countries of origin, transit and destination to\nprovide protection-sensitive migration governance\nmechanisms, and ensure such mechanisms are age\nand gender sensitive;\n\n\n**6.** Support the resilience of education systems and\nensure that all learners, including migrants and\nrefugees, have access to equitable quality education;\n\n\u00a9istock.com\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n**7.** Support independent, objective and quality media\nreporting to promote evidence-based public\ndiscourse that informs public opinion on migration;\n\n\n**8.** Implement alternatives to detention for migrants\nand refugees, prioritizing people with specific\nneeds such as persons with disabilities, older\npersons, children, victims or persons at risk of being\ntrafficked or exploited, and stateless persons;\n\n\n\n**9.** Support enhanced coordination between countries\nto facilitate access to protection, assistance and\nhealth care for migrants and refugees through legal\npathways, and prevent dangerous crossings that\nregularly lead to the death of vulnerable individuals.\n\n\n\n**VISION:** ESCWA, an innovative catalyst for a stable, just and flourishing Arab region\n\n\n**MISSION:** Committed to the 2030 Agenda, ESCWA\u2019s passionate team produces innovative knowledge, fosters regional\nconsensus and delivers transformational policy advice.\n\n\nTogether, we work for a sustainable future for all.\n\n\n**www.unescwa.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a5a26b81-0995-3673-8e55-fd1180565d0e/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_816/raw/doc_816_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_816/raw/doc_816_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9bf5439194b65e4795f385f8adbae9b58d0e5be0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_816/raw/doc_816_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,508 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **JANUARY 2019**\n\n\n\nIn 2018 refugee and migrant sea arrivals from Libya to Europe\nhave been at an unprecedented low since the onset of refugee\nand migrant sea arrivals from 2011 onwards: only 15,342 refugees\nand migrants arrived from Libya in 2018, a seven-fold decrease\ncompared to the previous year. [1] Interceptions and returns to Libya,\noperated by the Libyan Coast Guard (LCG), increased drastically,\nwith 47 per cent of all individuals who left Libya by boat being\nreturned to the country, 15,235 individuals. [2] At the same time, the\nrisk of death at sea doubled from two per cent in 2017 to four per\ncent in 2018. [3] Three thousand three hundred and eleven individuals\nwere reported dead or missing in the Mediterranean sea off the\nLibyan coast in 2018. [4]\n\n\nThe decline in arrivals at Italian shores, and rise in deaths at sea,\nhas coincided with three major trends in the Mediterranean region:\nfirst, since early 2017, a number of migration measures have been\nimplemented in Libya and the Sahel region in cooperation with the\nEuropean Union (EU) to stem the flow of arrivals to Italy, one of\nwhich included increased EU support for the LCG along the western\ncoast of the country. [5] Second, in mid-2018, Libyan authorities\ndeclared a Libyan Search And Rescue (SAR) zone off Libya\u2019s\nwestern coast, in a maritime area previously mostly coordinated\nby the Italian coast guard, enabling Libyan authorities to return\nshipwrecked individuals to Libya, rather than carrying rescued\nindividuals to European shores. [6,7] Third, since mid-2017 increased\nlegal and political attacks on charity and privately-run rescue ships\nhave led to an almost complete seizure of all rescue at sea activities\nby charity or privately-run rescue boats. [8] As of January 2019, only\none privately-run SAR boat was operating between Libya and Italy. [9]\n\n\nAt the same time, the situation for the 670,000 refugees and\nmigrants estimated to be in Libya in 2018 [10] remains severe, as\ndocumented by a variety of UN and other international actors.\nHuman rights violations and abuses against refugees and migrants\nare reportedly perpetrated by \u2018a range of State officials, armed\ngroups, smugglers and traffickers\u2019, both inside and outside official\ndetention centres. [11,12,13] In August 2018, armed clashes reemerged\nin western Tripoli, displacing an estimated 3,845 households and\nillustrating the still highly volatile security situation in Libya. [14]\n\n\nAs the severe protection risks for refugees and migrants in Libya\nare well documented, and the possibility to leave the country via sea\nis increasingly shrinking, the question arises as to what the impact\nof these developments is on mixed migration routes to and within\nLibya, and the extent to which developments along the coast and\nin the country impact flows to Libya and from Libya to neighbouring\n\n\n\ndiversified as a result of migration measures implemented, with\nan increase in smuggling hubs in the east of the country. [15] The\nstudy also found that refugees and migrants remained increasingly\nhidden, moving as little as possible, to cope with the severe\nprotection risks faced. At the same time, knowledge about the\nsecurity situation in Libya and migration measures implemented had\nreportedly not impacted refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 decision to go or\nstay in Libya.\n\n\nThe present assessment, conducted in partnership with UNHCR,\nbuilds on the findings identified during the first study, with the aim to\nidentify changes in mixed migration dynamics in Libya in December\n2018, eight months after REACH\u2019s previous study on mixed\nmigration dynamics, in April 2018. It explores in greater depth: (1)\nchanges in migration routes to Libya since April 2018; (2) changes\nin refugee and migrant mobility within Libya, with a particular focus\non the East and the impact of increased violent clashes in parts\nof Libya on mobility within the country and (3) the extent to which\nmigration of refugees and migrants from Libya to neighbouring\ncountries has been changing, as a result of developments along\nLibya\u2019s coast and continued protection risks for refugees and\nmigrants inside Libya.\n\n\nThe assessment finds that mixed migration routes to and within\nLibya have not changed since April 2018. While a decrease in\narrivals from Niger was recorded, there seems to be an increase\nin refugees and migrants entering Libya via Chad. At the same\ntime, albeit the severe protection risks and increasingly more\nlimited economic opportunities refugees and migrants face in\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "present assessment", - "confidence": 0.7053128480911255, - "start": 639, - "end": 641 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.7545219659805298, - "start": 677, - "end": 678 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9952763319015503, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5347119569778442, - "start": 708, - "end": 709 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5517057776451111, - "start": 672, - "end": 673 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7789632081985474, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8488689064979553, - "start": 789, - "end": 790 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.7272356152534485, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5882537364959717, - "start": 804, - "end": 805 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9596749544143677, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Libya, reasons for migration to Libya of newly arrived individuals\nhad not changed, as the situation in countries of origin reportedly\nhad not improved. Emigration to Libya\u2019s neighbouring countries\nwas reportedly low, as respondents still felt that Libya remained\nthe most attractive destination for refugees and migrants in the\nregion, both to work and to transit to Italy. Considering alternative\nfuture destinations in the region, the most reported potential future\ndestination for refugees and migrants in the region was Tunisia.\n#### **Routes to Libya**\n\n\nKey informants reported no major changes in the main entry\npoints to Libya since April 2018. Most refugees and migrants\nwere reportedly entering Libya (1) via Niger or Chad along Libya\u2019s\nsouthern borders; (2) via Algeria on the north-western or southwestern border with Libya and (3) via the eastern route with\nrefugees and migrants reaching the south-eastern region of Alkufra\ntransiting through both Chad and Sudan. The route from Egypt to\nLibya was reportedly used by fewer refugees and migrants than the\nprevious year and mostly by Egyptian nationals engaged in circular\nmigration.\n\n\nThe majority of key informants reported an overall slight decrease in\narrival numbers, mostly along Libya\u2019s border with Niger, reportedly\na result of migration measures implemented in Niger from 2015\nonwards. [16] Refugees and migrants interviewed who had entered\nthe country recently along Libya\u2019s southern border confirmed\nthat crossing through Niger had become more difficult. This is\ncorroborated by other reports on recent migration to Libya from\nneighbouring countries, [17] as well as by the decreased number of\nrefugees and migrants recorded by the International Organization\nfor Migration (IOM)\u2019s flow monitoring tool, the displacement tracking\nmatrix (DTM), passing through Northern Niger over the course of\n2018. [18]\n\nMap 2: migration routes to and within Libya\n\n\n#### **BRIEF**\n\nAlong Libya\u2019s border with Chad, the majority of key informants and\nrefugees and migrants interviewed reported an increase in arrivals.\nThis was already found by REACH in April 2018 and is corroborated\nby other secondary sources. [19] Among non-Chadian nationals\nwho entered Libya via Chad, respondents reported that refugees\nand migrants had either entered Chad from Niger or from Sudan.\nBoth routes were reportedly likely increasingly used due to the\nrising crackdown on migration in both Niger and Sudan. Possible\nre-routing from both Niger and Sudan through Chad to Libya was\nalso found in a recent study on the impact of EU migration policies\non central Saharan routes in September 2018. [20] That study also\nfound that migrants from countries such as Senegal, Mali, Liberia,\nSomalia and Eritrea, who were rarely seen in Chad in the past,\nwere increasingly crossing Chad towards Libya. [21] The extent to\nwhich the increase in arrivals from Chad is largely to be attributed\nto a re-routing from Niger or from Sudan could not be ascertained\nin the present assessment. Along Libya\u2019s border with Algeria, the\nmajority of key informants reported a decrease in refugee and\nmigrant arrivals, attributed to the increased crackdown on migration\nin the country in 2018. Refugees and migrants reported that the\nborder with Algeria was highly militarized and difficult to cross. This\nis corroborated by other secondary sources and presents a change\nfrom April 2018, when respondents had identified an increase in\narrivals to Libya from Algeria. [22]\n\n\nThe majority of refugees and migrants and key informants\ninterviewed also reported that the profiles of recently arrived\nrefugees and migrants and their reasons for coming to Libya had\nnot changed compared to the past. This is confirmed by IOM DTM\nfindings from April to November 2018, during which timeframe\nmost reported refugee and migrant nationalities in Libya remained\nconstant. Drivers for migration to Libya had reportedly remained\nunchanged, with the majority of respondents reporting that\nindividuals left their countries of origin and came to Libya due\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAlgeria\n\n\n!P Main migration hubs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n!\n\nMain routes\n\nSecondary routes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "displacement tracking\nmatrix", - "confidence": 0.9665223360061646, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "flow monitoring tool", - "confidence": 0.5973929762840271, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.7788798809051514, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Northern Niger", - "confidence": 0.6662474274635315, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6114284992218018, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8104264140129089, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9908407926559448, - "start": 162, - "end": 165 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.758567214012146, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "central Saharan routes", - "confidence": 0.7989127039909363, - "start": 470, - "end": 473 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.695720374584198, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.5088029503822327, - "start": 587, - "end": 590 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to violence, fear of individual persecution, as well as poor economic\nopportunities. Respondents stressed that it was the situation\nback home which urged many people to leave, rather than the\nattractiveness of Libya as a destination (further discussed below).\n#### **Routes and smuggling within Libya**\n\nOverall, the majority of key informants and refugees and migrants\ninterviewed reported little change in routes and smuggling dynamics\nwithin Libya since April 2018. While key informants reported\nthat minor punctual changes in routes continuously occurred, in\nresponse to changes or an increase in security forces in certain\nareas, respondents held that smuggling networks overall were well\nestablished with little need to change drastically since April 2018.\n\n\n\n_\u201cAll the women I know here came escaping from poverty,_\n\n\n\n_hunger, ethnic conflict in their countries \u2026 escaping with_\n\n\n\n_their children from death. I do not think these conditions_\n\n\n\n_have changed in their countries of origin, so migrants\u2019_\n\n\n\n_reasons for coming here will not change as well.\u201d_\n\n\n#### **BRIEF**\n\n### The story of an Eritrean man, interviewed in Azzawya\n\n_\u201cI left Eritrea through Ethiopia and then Sudan, and then I_\n_arrived in Libya. I remained for a year and seven months as a_\n_prisoner in a detention centre in Alkufra, there was no way out._\n\n_[\u2026] There are many detention centers in the west and south,_\n_where migrants are sent to the coast after being sold from one_\n_smuggler to another. Security has become worse: smugglers are_\n_not able to send their boats to Europe, and there are less boats_\n_than before, so they discipline the migrants, sell us and rape the_\n_women and sell them._\n\n\n_I don\u2019t know anything about the recent clashes in Tripoli, but yes,_\n_many migrants do not want to stay in Libya because of just how_\n_horrible it is._\n\n\n_I will never tell my brother to come to Libya, he may be_\n_kidnapped by the smugglers, punished or killed and I will regret_\n_having asked him to come. Still, the security situation in Libya_\n_is better than the situation in my country. I am not thinking of_\n_returning home. I just can\u2019t.\u201d_\n\n\nmigrants\u2019 difficult situation in the country, protection risks ranging\nfrom arbitrary detention to systemic exploitation, as well as the loss\nof value of the Libyan Dinar, which has been ongoing since 2016,\nhad remained unchanged. [24]\n\nNotably, the vast majority of key informants reported that the\nviolent clashes in Tripoli between August and September 2018\nhad had no particular impact on migration routes within Libya. This\nwas reportedly because the clashes were concentrated in certain\nparts of the city, not affecting smuggling in the area. This was also\nconfirmed by the majority of refugees and migrants interviewed, of\nwhom more than two thirds reported that the clashes had had no\nimpact on their migration plans in Libya. Refugees and migrants\ninterviewed reported that they were used to sudden localized\neruptions of violence in the country and that already their situation\nin the country was very difficult. As a result, respondents reported\nonly waiting for the clashes to calm down to then carry on with their\neveryday lives.\n\n\n_to Niger.\u201d_\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n_Nigerian woman, Azzawya_\n\nSmuggling hubs in the east and west of Libya\n\nWhile traditionally the main smuggling hubs and vast majority of\nrefugee and migrant boat departures occurred along the western\ncoast of Libya, in April 2018 REACH had found an increase in\nsmuggling hubs along the eastern coast, mirroring the increase in\nanti-smuggling operations in the west. Eight months on, the majority\nof key informants held that these secondary routes and smuggling\nhubs in the east were still functioning.\n\nWith regards to boat departures from the eastern coast, responses\nwere mixed. While the majority of key informants and refugees and\nmigrants interviewed held that the vast majority of boat departures\nstill occurred from the western coast, there has been an increase\nin reported deaths of refugees and migrants closer to Libya\u2019s\neastern coast, notably in Sirte. [23] As such, while the majority of boat\ndepartures seem to still occur from the western coast, it may also be\nthat departures from the east remain underreported.\n\nWhen refugees and migrants were asked why most attempted to\ncross from the western coast, most reported responses were, first,\nthat the western coast was closer to Italy, hence the journey shorter\nand, second, that there was less security in the west and that, as\n\nalso closer to reach. Considering the reportedly high level of control\nand security in eastern Libya, these findings indicate that the\nwestern coast remains the main departure area for boats to\nItaly and may remain so in the near future, unless there are major\n\nroutes within Libya\n\nWhen asked about respondents\u2019 security situation and everyday\nlives in Libya, the vast majority of refugees and migrants reported\nthat it had either remained unchanged or further deteriorated since\nApril 2018. The factors that reportedly contributed to refugees and\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported deaths of refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6702136993408203, - "start": 753, - "end": 759 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.6201173067092896, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9476945400238037, - "start": 756, - "end": 759 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **BRIEF**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nhowever, most said these were circular migration patterns, whereby\nindividuals were expected to return to Libya after some time in\ntheir country of origin. Only few respondents had friends who\n\nor family member who had recently left Libya to Tunisia. Crossborder movement from Libya to Tunisia was also found in another\nREACH study on sub-Saharan migration patterns to Tunisia. [26]\nThe extent to which this may become an increasing trend is to be\nmonitored.\n\n\n\nAmong those who reportedly had some information, most of what\n\nthe countries of origin and cultural ties of many respondents).\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH study", - "confidence": 0.936744213104248, - "start": 64, - "end": 66 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.5989862084388733, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8460711240768433, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Re-routing to Spain from Libya via Morocco\n\nWhile refugee and migrant arrivals at Italy\u2019s shores decreased\ndrastically in 2018, arrivals to Spain from Morocco have seen a\nnew increase, with 58,569 refugees and migrants arriving in Spain\nfrom Morocco in 2018, making Spain the first port of entry for\nrefugees and migrants in the Mediterranean region that year. [28] As\nsome of the countries of origin of arrivals from Morocco in Spain\nmirror arrivals in Italy, which had previously arrived from Libya, [29]\nthe question has arisen as to which extent a re-routing is occurring\nof mixed migration flows from Libya to Morocco, and whether this\nre-routing occurs once in Libya or already further south in origin\ncountries. Among refugees and migrants interviewed, only one\nrespondent reportedly knew someone who had recently transited\n\n\nOne in four respondents had a friend or personal connection in\nTunisia and one in six in Algeria. Almost all respondents who knew\nsomeone in Egypt were Egyptians, as was the case for Sudanese\nnationals.\n\nWhen asked whether any neighbouring country may be an attractive\ndestination for refugees and migrants in the region, three out of four\nrespondents did not feel that any of Libya\u2019s neighbouring countries\nmay be attractive destinations for refugees and migrants currently in\nLibya, while one in six held that they could be attractive. A minority\nof respondents held that neighbouring countries may be attractive\ndestinations in the region, but less than Libya. Eleven individuals\nreported that neighbouring countries may be attractive to transit\nonly, towards Europe.\n\nWhen asked why the majority of respondents did not think that\ncountries neighbouring Libya could be attractive destinations for\nrefugees and migrants, respondents reported two main reasons:\nfirst, respondents held that in countries neighbouring Libya there\nwould be less work for refugees and migrants, important as many\nwere in Libya with the aim to work to support their family back\nhome. Second, respondents reported that higher levels of security\nand need for legal documentation would make their stay in those\ncountries more difficult, as most respondents deemed it unlikely\nthat they would be able to stay in neighbouring countries with the\nnecessary legal documentation. [27]\n\n\n\n_\u201cI do not think there are other attractive destinations for_\n_migrants here [other than Libya]. Because these countries_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **BRIEF**\n\nfrom Libya to Morocco with the aim to reach Europe via Spain. In\nthat case, the individual had exited from Libya\u2019s southern border\nwith Niger, as the border crossing with Algeria was reportedly too\ndifficult to cross from Libya. The low level of reporting of refugees\nand migrants re-routing from Libya towards Morocco may indicate\nthat refugees and migrants decide to travel to Europe via Morocco\nearlier in their journey, as they have information about the difficulty\nto transit to Europe from Libya already before they reach Libya.\nThe phenomenon may also be underreported in the present\nsample. In either case, re-routing from the central Mediterranean to\nthe western Mediterranean route and the level of information about\nthe situation in Libya which leads to re-routing requires further\ninvestigation.\n\n#### **Conclusion**\n\nThe assessment finds that, albeit continued severe protection risks\nfor refugees and migrants and increased anti-smuggling and coast\nguard operations along Libya\u2019s western coast, leading to a stark\ndecrease in boat departures, mixed migration routes to and within\nLibya have not changed between April and December 2018. While a\ndecrease in arrivals from Niger was recorded, respondents reported\na potential increase in arrivals of refugees and migrants from Chad,\nalready found in April 2018.\n\nThe profiles of newly arrived refugees and migrants, and their\nreasons for leaving their countries of origin and coming to Libya,\nhad reportedly remained unchanged between April and December\n2018. This suggests that the causes which make individuals leave\ntheir countries of origin and face the dangers in Libya have not\nimproved. It also indicates that migration to Libya from the region\nmay continue, despite increased anti-smuggling efforts in the\ncountry, as the conditions which make refugees and migrants leave\nhome remain unaddressed.\n\nAccording to most key informants, the clashes in the city of Tripoli\nbetween August and September 2018, had no major impact on\nsmuggling networks in the country, with Tripoli remaining a major\ntransit and destination hub for refugees and migrants in the country.\nThis illustrates both the level to which refugees and migrants in\nLibya are used to severe security risks and their ability to deal with\n\nconflict in many parts of Libya.\n\n\nthe region.\n\nWhile the majority of refugees and migrants interviewed reported\n\ndeteriorating economic situation in the country. As these factors are\n\n\n\n\n\nIn terms of attractiveness of destinations, respondents distinguished\nbetween countries which may be attractive for work and those that\nmay mainly be attractive for transiting to Europe. To work, Algeria\n\nwere less economic opportunities for refugees and migrants in the\ncountry, compared to Libya. Morocco was overall not reported as\nan attractive destination, both in terms of work, but also in view of\nmigration to Europe.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reporting of refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.526023268699646, - "start": 482, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.968539834022522, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "present\nsample", - "confidence": 0.6158496737480164, - "start": 537, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.9549610614776611, - "start": 484, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiles of newly arrived refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8182197213172913, - "start": 665, - "end": 672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.7569204568862915, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5299605131149292, - "start": 662, - "end": 663 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6437958478927612, - "start": 632, - "end": 633 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8501405715942383, - "start": 652, - "end": 655 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **BRIEF**\n\n\n\nunlikely to improve substantially in the near future, and in light of\nthe crackdown on irregular boat departures to Europe, the question\narises as to where refugees and migrants can leave Libya to.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**End notes**\n\n1. This data is based on a review of all data available on refugee and migrant\ndepartures from Libya, interceptions, death and missing figures conducted by Matteo\nVilla, migration researcher at the Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI),\nbased in Milan, Italy. Data sources include UNHCR, IOM; the Italian Ministry of\n[Interior and relevant press sources. The dataset is available here.](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ncHxOHIx4ptt4YFXgGi9TIbwd53HaR3oFbrfBm67ak4/edit#gid=0)\n\n2. This compares to 11% of individuals among total departures in 2017 who were\nintercepted and returned to Libya. Figures obtained by calculating the number of\nindividuals arrested at sea by the Libyan coast guard compared to the total number\nof individuals who attempted to cross the sea from Libya and either arrived to Italy or\n[died at sea. The latter figures are available at IOM Missing migrants project.](http://missingmigrants.iom.int/ region/mediterranean)\n\n3. Calculation based on dataset consolidated on basis of different data sources,\n[available at Villa, M., Dataset, accessed 16 January 2019.](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ncHxOHIx4ptt4YFXgGi9TIbwd53HaR3oFbrfBm67ak4/edit#gid=0)\n\n4. UNHCR, Mediterranean Situation Dashboard, accessed 13 January 2019.\n\n[5. For more information, please consult REACH/UNHCR, Mixed Migration Dynamics](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf )\n[in Libya: the impact of EU migration measures on mixed migration in Libya, April](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf )\n2018.\n\n[6. Euronews, Prompted by EU, Libya quietly claims right to order rescuers to return](https://www.euronews.com/2018/07/06/prompted-by-eu-libya-quietly-claims-right-to-order-rescuers-to-return-fleeing-migrants)\n[feeing migrants, 7 August 2018. Accessed 13 January 2019.](https://www.euronews.com/2018/07/06/prompted-by-eu-libya-quietly-claims-right-to-order-rescuers-to-return-fleeing-migrants)\n\n7. Reported impacts of Libyan coast guards coordination on rescuing lives at\nsea include ignored distress calls, dangerous interceptions and complicity of the\nLibyan coast guard in human smuggling and abuse. For further information please\n[consult: Amnesty International, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea - Europe](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur30/8906/2018/en/)\n[Fails Refugees and Migrants in the Central Mediterranean, August 2018; Amnesty](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur30/8906/2018/en/)\n[International, Libya\u2019s Dark Web of Collusion: Abuses Against Europe-Bound](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde19/7561/2017/en/)\n[Refugees and Migrants, 11 December 2017; UN Security Council, Letter Dated 1](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde19/7561/2017/en/)\nJune 2017 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established Pursuant to Resolution\n1973 (2011) Addressed to the President of the Security Council, 1 June 2017,\nS/2017/466, para 105, available here.\n\n[8. Deutsche Welle (DW), Italy to block naval vessels carrying migrants from docking:](https://www.dw.com/en/italy-to-block-naval-vessels-carrying-migrants-from-docking-interior-minister-matteo-salvini/a-44579605)\n[Interior Minister Matteo Salvini, 9 July 2018. Accessed 13 January 2019; Cuttitta, P.](https://www.dw.com/en/italy-to-block-naval-vessels-carrying-migrants-from-docking-interior-minister-matteo-salvini/a-44579605)\n(2018) Pushing Migrants Back to Libya, Persecuting Rescue NGOs: The End of the\nHumanitarian Turn (Part II). Available here, accessed 13 January 2019.\n\n9. On the discussion whether SAR boats in the Mediterranean in 2017/8 lead to an\nincrease or decrease in deaths at sea, please consult: Matteo Villa, 11 September\n[2018, \u201cOutsourcing European Border Control: Recent Trends in Departures, Deaths,](https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2018/09/outsourcing )\n[and Search and Rescue Activities in the Central Mediterranean\u201d, accessed 16](https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2018/09/outsourcing )\nJanuary 2019.\n\n[10. IOM DTM, Libya\u2019s Migrants Report, Round 22. October 2018.](http://www.globaldtm.info/libya/ )\n\n11. OHCHR and UNSMIL, [Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/desperate-and-dangerous-report-human-rights-situation-migrants-and-refugees-libya )\n[situation of migrants and refugees in Libya, 20 December 2018.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/desperate-and-dangerous-report-human-rights-situation-migrants-and-refugees-libya )\n\n12. OHCHR and UNSMIL, [Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/desperate-and-dangerous-report-human-rights-situation-migrants-and-refugees-libya )\n[situation of migrants and refugees in Libya, 20 December 2018.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/desperate-and-dangerous-report-human-rights-situation-migrants-and-refugees-libya )\n\n13. OHCHR, [Oral update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html)\n[on Libya pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 34/38, 20 March 2018; MSF,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55b92c4.html)\n[European governments are feeding the business of suffering, 7 September 2017;](https://www.msf.org/libya-open-letter-european-governments-are-feeding-business-suffering)\n\n\n2018.\n\n15. REACH/UNHCR, [Mixed Migration Dynamics in Libya: the impact of EU migration](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf)\n[measures on mixed migration in Libya, April 2018](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf)\n\n\n[17.Tubiana, J., Warin, C. and Saeneen, G., Multilaterale damage: the impact of EU](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n[migration policies on central Saharan routes, September 2018.](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n\n[18. IOM DTM, Population Flow Monitoring, Niger \u2013 Migration Trends, Dashboard 17,](https://www.globaldtm.info/niger/ )\n1-30 November 2018.\n\n\n#### **BRIEF**\n\n19. Please consult: REACH/UNHCR, [Mixed Migration Dynamics in Libya: the impact](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf)\n[of EU migration measures on mixed migration in Libya, April 2018, and Tubiana, J.,](http://bit.ly/2GGJvCf)\n[Warin, C. and Saeneen, G., Multilaterale damage: the impact of EU migration policies](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n[on central Saharan routes, September 2018.](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n\n[20. Tubiana, J., Warin, C. and Saeneen, G., Multilaterale damage: the impact of EU](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n[migration policies on central Saharan routes, September 2018.](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n\n[21. Tubiana, J., Warin, C. and Saeneen, G., Multilaterale damage: the impact of EU](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n[migration policies on central Saharan routes, September 2018.](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n\n[22. Debora Del Pistoia, 10 July, 2018, \u201cWhy Algeria is emptying itself of African](https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2018/07/10/why-algeria-is-emptying-itself-of-african-migrant-workers)\n[migrant workers\u201d, News Deeply, July, last accessed 16 January 2019 and Jennifer](https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2018/07/10/why-algeria-is-emptying-itself-of-african-migrant-workers)\n[O\u2019Mahony, 25 June 2018, \u201cAlgeria dumps thousands of migrants in the Sahara amid](https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/algeria-dumps-thousands-of-migrants-in-the-sahara-amid-eu-funded-crackdown/ar-AAz9I69)\n[EU-funded crackdown\u201d, last accessed 16 January 2019.](https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/algeria-dumps-thousands-of-migrants-in-the-sahara-amid-eu-funded-crackdown/ar-AAz9I69)\n\n23. In January 2019, 20 bodies were recovered off the shore in Sirte. In December\n2018, 15 persons reportedly drowned off the eastern coast near the city of Misrata.\nSource: MSF-Sea, [Twitter feed 14 January 2019, accessed 16 January 2019.](https://twitter.com/msf_sea/status/1084777227336716290?s=12)\n\n24. REACH/UNHCR, [Access to cash and the impact of the liquidity crisis on refugees](http://bit.ly/2NU4p8H )\n[and migrants in Libya, June 2018.](http://bit.ly/2NU4p8H )\n\n[25. On Sudan, please consult: Tubiana, J., Warin, C. and Saeneen, G., Multilaterale](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ )\n[damage: the impact of EU migration policies on central Saharan routes,](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/2-effects-of-eu-policies-in-niger/ ) September\n[2018. On Algeria, please see: Debora Del Pistoia, 10 July, 2018, \u201cWhy Algeria is](https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2018/07/10/why-algeria-is-emptying-itself-of-african-migrant-workers)\n[emptying itself of African migrant workers\u201d, News Deeply, July, accessed 16 January](https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2018/07/10/why-algeria-is-emptying-itself-of-african-migrant-workers)\n[2019 and Jennifer O\u2019Mahony, 25 June 2018, \u201cAlgeria dumps thousands of migrants](https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/algeria-dumps-thousands-of-migrants-in-the-sahara-amid-eu-funded-crackdown/ar-AAz9I69)\n[in the Sahara amid EU-funded crackdown\u201d, accessed 16 January 2019.](https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/algeria-dumps-thousands-of-migrants-in-the-sahara-amid-eu-funded-crackdown/ar-AAz9I69)\n\n26. REACH, [Tunisia, country of destination and transit for sub-Saharan African](http://bit.ly/2RqxYwV )\n[migrants, October 2018.](http://bit.ly/2RqxYwV )\n\n27. Please note that responses were based on refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 perceptions\nof the situation and the information they had access to. Responses may hence not\nnecessarily reflect the actual situation in neighbouring countries.\n\n28. UNHCR, [Mediterranean Situation Dashboard, accessed 13 January 2019.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n\n29. Primary countries of origin of individuals who arrived primarily in Italy in 2017 and\nwho, in 2018, predominantly arrived in Spain include, among others, Guinean, Ivorian\n[and Malian nationals. For further information, please consult: UNHCR, Mediterranean](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n[Situation Dashboard, accessed 13 January 2019; see also: Brenner, Y., Forin, R.,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\nFrouws, B., [The \u201cShift\u201d to the Western Mediterranean Migration Route: Myth or](http://www.mixedmigration.org/articles/shift-to-the-western-mediterranean-migration-route/ )\n[Reality?, 22 August 2018, accessed 13 January 2019.](http://www.mixedmigration.org/articles/shift-to-the-western-mediterranean-migration-route/ )\n\n[30. IOM DTM, Libya\u2019s Migrants Report, Round 22. October 2018.](http://www.globaldtm.info/libya/ )\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "dataset", - "confidence": 0.6254998445510864, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Villa, M.", - "confidence": 0.9523711800575256, - "start": 183, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "mediterranean", - "confidence": 0.5801738500595093, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8572618365287781, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Libya\u2019s Migrants Report", - "confidence": 0.6169008612632751, - "start": 600, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.9038771390914917, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9959650039672852, - "start": 600, - "end": 601 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8014528155326843, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7583224773406982, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mediterranean Situation Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.8280313014984131, - "start": 1404, - "end": 1407 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9712968468666077, - "start": 1401, - "end": 1402 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6872918009757996, - "start": 1411, - "end": 1412 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5185832381248474, - "start": 1430, - "end": 1431 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.6028978824615479, - "start": 1351, - "end": 1352 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5d0f4a42-b9a2-307f-a5ce-84a687c5468b/impact_lby_brief_mixed_migration_routes_in_libya_may-dec2018_january_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_817/raw/doc_817_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_817/raw/doc_817_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 25cc3ecec7f88d6a28a16ac31bf90893af87c391..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_817/raw/doc_817_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, shelter & NFIs, WASH and assistance in Libya**\n**Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n\n**November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Key findings**\n\n_**Food**_ : one in three refugees and migrants interviewed had\neither a borderline or a poor food consumption score (FCS).\nRespondents\u2019 FCS tended to differ by region of origin and\nrespondents\u2019 location in Libya with West African nationals\nand respondents in Sebha displaying the lowest FCS.\n\n_**WASH**_ : one third of refugees and migrants interviewed\nreported not having had access to sufficient drinking water\nin the previous month; most were situated in the south or the\neast of the country.\n\n_**Shelter & NFIs**_ : respondents stayed in different types\nof shelter, with the majority of them relying on oral rental\nagreements. One in five respondents reported having been\nevicted or being at risk of eviction, illustrating the vulnerable\nshelter situation for many refugees and migrants in the\ncountry. West African respondents were most likely to live\nin damaged shelters and were also more likely to live in\novercrowded shelters.\n\n_**Assistance**_ : the vast majority of refugees and migrants\ninterviewed reported not having received humanitarian\nassistance in the six previous months in Libya.\n\n_**Access to information**_ : refugees and migrants reported a\ndisconnect between the information sources they accessed\nand those they trusted most. While social media was the\nmost used information source, as readily available, no\nrespondent reported this to be their preferred information\nsource, with respondents preferring personal contacts, both\nin Libya and abroad.\n\n\n\n**CONTEXT**\n\nAs of October 2018, the United Nations (UN) estimates that\n798,000 individuals are in need of humanitarian assistance in\nLibya. Of them, 412,000 are refugees and migrants, [1] including\nindividuals who are in Libya primarily to work and individuals\nwho aim to transit to Europe from Libyan shores. The majority\nof them live outside detention centres, where data collection for\nthis study took place. [2]\n\nSince the beginning of 2018, the body of literature on the\nsituation of refugees and migrants in Libya has been growing.\nStudies conducted in the course of 2018 have focused on\nthe protection risks refugees and migrants face in Libya, their\nmobility within the country, access to cash, and the impact of\nthe European Union (EU) migration measures and the liquidity\ncrisis on the everyday lives of refugees and migrants in Libya. [3]\n\nMap 1: Data collection sites in Libya\n\n\n\nHowever, only very limited information has previously been\navailable on refugees and migrants\u2019 needs in other key\nhumanitarian sectors, including on refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019\naccess to food, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), shelter\nand non-food items (NFIs), [4] as well as their access to assistance\nin Libya.\n\nIMPACT, in partnership with the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), conducted an\nassessment on refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, shelter\nand NFIs, WASH and assistance to inform humanitarian\nresponse planning in these sectors in support of the InterSector Coordination Group\u2019s Humanitarian Needs Overview\n2019. Data collection took place between 14 and 23 September\n2018 in the east, west, and south of Libya, more specifically, in\nTobruk, Sebha, Misrata, Ejdabia and Zwara. Data was collected\nthrough 151 semi-structured individual interviews with refugees\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "food consumption score", - "confidence": 0.9196434020996094, - "start": 66, - "end": 69 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9007485508918762, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6755037307739258, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9934902191162109, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Needs Overview\n2019", - "confidence": 0.85728520154953, - "start": 612, - "end": 616 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "InterSector Coordination Group", - "confidence": 0.8726040720939636, - "start": 607, - "end": 610 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "east, west, and south of Libya", - "confidence": 0.5149596929550171, - "start": 629, - "end": 637 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9762505888938904, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.734066367149353, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9799915552139282, - "start": 661, - "end": 662 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS\u2019 ACCESS**\n**TO FOOD**\n**Number of meals eaten per day**\n\n**The majority of respondents reportedly ate two to three**\n**meals on a typical day (124/151).** Twelve individuals reportedly\nonly ate one meal per day, with 11 respondents eating more\nthan three meals on a typical day. [5]\n\n\n\n**1.** Maket - paid in cash 149\n\n**2.** Food from employer 82\n\n**3.** Food from friends/relatives 52\n\n**4.** Market - bought on credit 22\n\n**5.** Worked/bartered for food 18\n\n**6.** Food assistance (UN, NGO) 14\n\n\n\n**Figure 2: Self-reported primary food sources** **[6]**\n\n\n\n**Figure 1: Number of meals per day**\n\n\n\nMore specifically, 34 out of 71 respondents of West African\norigin had either a poor or borderline FCS, compared to only\n\n**2- 3 meals** **124** **Food consumption score** 7 out of 43 Middle Eastern respondents. Among the 34 East\n\n**1 meal** **12** African respondents, 10 individuals had a poor or borderline\n\n**The majority of refugees and migrants interviewed had**\n\n**More than 3 meals** **11** FCS. West Africans are generally deemed to be among the most\n\n**an acceptable food consumption score (FCS; 98/151** ). [7]\n\n**Do not want to answer** **4** vulnerable refugee and migrant groups in the country, as they\n\nHowever, 53 individuals had an either borderline or poor FCS,\n\nface widespread discrimination, have usually lower education\n#### 82 found for 26 and 27 respondents respectively.\nlevels and work in some of the most physically demanding\n\n**All respondents who reportedly only ate one meal per**\n\n**Figure 3: Refugees and migrants\u2019 food consumption score** types of work, mostly in construction and agriculture. [11]\n\n**day were living in Sebha and Zwara (six each)** . The other\n\n**Figure 4: FCS by respondents\u2019 location**\n\nindividuals who reportedly only ate one meal per day were two\nEast African respondents and one person from the Middle East **Acceptable** **98**\nand North Africa (MENA) region. **Borderline** **26**\n\n**Poor** **27**\n#### 65\n\n\n\n**2- 3 meals** **124**\n\n\n\n**Food consumption score**\n\n\n\n**1 meal** **12**\n\n**More than 3 meals** **11**\n\n\n\n**Among refugees and migrants interviewed, poor or**\n**borderline FCS were particularly found in the south**\n**and the west of the country** . In Sebha, 13 and 9 out of 30\nrespondents were found to have a borderline and poor FCS,\nrespectively. Among refugees and migrants in Zwara, 17 out\nof 30 respondents were found to have a poor FCS and 7\nindividuals had a borderline FCS.\n\n**Respondents from West African countries tended to have**\n**the lowest FCS among refugees and migrants interviewed** .\nMore specifically, 34 out of 71 respondents of West African\norigin had either a poor or borderline FCS, compared to only\n7 out of 43 Middle Eastern respondents. Among the 34 East\nAfrican respondents, 10 individuals had a poor or borderline\nFCS. West Africans are generally deemed to be among the most\nvulnerable refugee and migrant groups in the country, as they\nface widespread discrimination, have usually lower education\nlevels and work in some of the most physically demanding\ntypes of work, mostly in construction and agriculture. [11]\n\n\n\n**Figure 4: FCS by respondents\u2019 location**\n\n\n\n**Do not want to answer** **4**\n\n\n\n**All respondents who reportedly only ate one meal per**\n**day were living in Sebha and Zwara (six each)** . The other\nindividuals who reportedly only ate one meal per day were two\nEast African respondents and one person from the Middle East\nand North Africa (MENA) region.\n\n\n\n**The majority of refugees and migrants interviewed had**\n**an acceptable food consumption score (FCS; 98/151** ). [7]\nHowever, 53 individuals had an either borderline or poor FCS,\nfound for 26 and 27 respondents respectively.\n\n**Figure 3: Refugees and migrants\u2019 food consumption score**\n\n\n\n**Acceptable** **98**\n\n**Borderline** **26**\n\n**Poor** **27**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Sources of food**\n\n\n\nThe most reported food sources were (1) the market, where\nrespondents bought produce with cash (149/151), (2)\nrespondents\u2019 employers, who gave them food in exchange\nfor work (82/151) and (3) relatives and friends (52/151). Food\nsources used were similar among respondents from different\nregions of origin and in different parts of Libya.\n\n\n|Col1|Ejdabia|Misrata|Sebha|Tobruk|Zwara|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Acceptable|25|29|8|30|6|\n|Borderline|4|2|13|0|7|\n|Poor|1|0|9|0|17|\n\n\n\nIn comparison, REACH found in its Multi-Sector Needs\nAssessment (MSNA) [8] on Libyans in 18 mantikas, Libya\u2019s\ndistricts (admin level 2), REACH found that 83% of the Libyan\npopulation overall had an acceptable FCS. [9] This was followed\nby 10% who had a borderline FCS and 7% who had a poor\nFCS. [10]\n\n\n#### 65\n\n\n\n_**\u2018Over the past week, I had one or two meals per day.**_\n_**I ate bread, pasta, rice and vegetables.\u2019**_\n\nEthiopian man, 27, Ejdabia\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Self-reported primary food sources", - "confidence": 0.7592195868492126, - "start": 185, - "end": 189 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.7363637089729309, - "start": 291, - "end": 294 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCS", - "confidence": 0.5161359310150146, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sebha", - "confidence": 0.6066285967826843, - "start": 457, - "end": 458 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.812085747718811, - "start": 592, - "end": 595 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "borderline FCS", - "confidence": 0.6427225470542908, - "start": 603, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West African countries", - "confidence": 0.5024388432502747, - "start": 677, - "end": 680 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8544961214065552, - "start": 647, - "end": 650 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCS", - "confidence": 0.870242178440094, - "start": 802, - "end": 803 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sebha and Zwara", - "confidence": 0.5321377515792847, - "start": 842, - "end": 845 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9529336094856262, - "start": 888, - "end": 891 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "consumption score", - "confidence": 0.774034321308136, - "start": 900, - "end": 902 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.7961638569831848, - "start": 1060, - "end": 1061 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9403835535049438, - "start": 940, - "end": 943 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.99793541431427, - "start": 1146, - "end": 1149 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.998865008354187, - "start": 1150, - "end": 1151 - }, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.9659463167190552, - "start": 1142, - "end": 1143 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Libyans", - "confidence": 0.981925368309021, - "start": 1156, - "end": 1157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Individuals who had been in Libya for one year or more**\n**tended to have a lower FCS, compared to respondents**\n**who had been in the country for less than one year** . Among\nrespondents who had been in the country for one year or more,\njust about more than half had an acceptable FCS (55/100),\ncompared to 43 out of 51 respondents who had been in the\ncountry less than one year. Previous assessments have showed\nthat due to the deteriorating economic situation in the country,\nrespondents aimed to spend as little money as possible on\nfood, to save as much money as possible to support the family\nback home or for other reasons tied to the personal situation\nof the individual interviewed. [12] These saving strategies could\nexplain why respondents who have stayed in Libya for more\nthan a year displayed lower FCS than individuals who arrived\nless than a year ago.\n**Food coping strategy index**\n\nThe aim of the food coping strategy index (FCSI) is to\ncalculate the severity of food coping strategies employed by\nrespondents. First, REACH assigned a severity weight to each\ncoping strategy, using the methodology developed by the World\nFood Programme (WFP) and then multiplied it by the number of\ndays the strategy was used by the individual in the last seven\ndays. The FCSI score obtained is then low (between 0 to 3),\nmedium (between 4-9) or high (between 10-56). In the last\nweek and out of the coping strategies used, 45 refugees and\nmigrants interviewed reported relying on less preferred or less\nexpensive food, 42 reduced the number of meals eaten per day,\n38 borrowed food or relied on help from friends or relatives, 31\nreduced the size of portions or meals and finally, 7 reduced the\nquantity consumed by adults so children could eat.\n\n\n|Col1|MENA|East Africa|West Africa|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|High|21%|35%|34%|\n|Medium|14%|18%|27%|\n|Low|65%|47%|39%|\n\n\n\n_**\u2018Sometimes I do not have enough money because I**_\n_**send most of it to my family.\u2019**_\n\n\n\nNigerien man, 19, Misata\n#### 64\n\n\n\nAmong refugees and migrants interviewed, the relative majority\nof respondents had a low FCSI score (72/151). However, almost\none third of respondents had a high FCSI score (47/151),\nfollowed by 32 individuals who had a medium FCSI score.\n\n\n\n**Figure 6: FCSI score by respondents\u2019 region of origin**\n\n\n\n**Figure 5: Refugees and migrants\u2019 FCSI score**\n\n\n\n**Low** **72**\n\n**Medium** **32** **Respondents who had been in the country for one year or**\n\n**longer were also found to use more severe food coping**\n\n**High** **47**\n\n**strategies**, as found for one in three respondents (37/100),\ncompared to one in five respondents, who had been in Libya\nfor less than one year (10/51). This illustrates how individuals\n#### 48\n\n\n\n**Low** **72**\n\n**Medium** **32**\n\n**High** **47**\n\n\n\nMore severe coping strategies were reported in Zwara, where\n22 out of 30 respondents had a high FCSI and in Ejdabia,\nwhere 15 out of 30 individuals had a high FCSI. Respondents\nin Misrata and Tobruk tended to use less severe food coping\nstrategies, with the majority of respondents in both locations\nhaving a low FCSI (29/31 and 22/30 respectively).\n\n**Respondents from West Africa tended to employ more**\n**severe food coping strategies, compared to individuals**\n**from other regions of origin** . While 24 out of 71 West African\nrespondents had a high FCSI score, with a further 19 who had\na medium FCSI score, the majority of respondents from the\nMENA region had a low FCSI score (28/43). Among the 34 East\nAfrican respondents, 16 had a low FCSI score, compared to 12\nwho had a high FCSI.\n\n\n\n**Respondents who had been in the country for one year or**\n**longer were also found to use more severe food coping**\n**strategies**, as found for one in three respondents (37/100),\ncompared to one in five respondents, who had been in Libya\nfor less than one year (10/51). This illustrates how individuals\nwho have been staying in the country for longer may become\nmore vulnerable over time, as they deplete their resources the\nlonger they stay.\n\n**WASH**\n\n**Access to drinking water**\n\n**One third of refugees and migrants interviewed reported**\n**not having had sufficient access to drinking water in the**\n**previous month (54/151)** . This was particularly perceived\nby individuals in Sebha (30/54) and in Tobruk (14/54) and, to\na lesser extent, in Zwara (9/54). The majority of respondents\n\n\n\n**Figure 7: Respondents\u2019 self-reported access to sufficient**\n**drinking water in previous month**\n\n\n\n**Access to sufficient drinking water** **72**\n\n\n\n**No access to sufficient drinking**\n**water**\n\n\n\n**47**\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Food coping strategy index", - "confidence": 0.9991264939308167, - "start": 210, - "end": 214 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FCSI", - "confidence": 0.9595951437950134, - "start": 225, - "end": 226 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8086681365966797, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nmigrants", - "confidence": 0.9708959460258484, - "start": 325, - "end": 328 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCSI score", - "confidence": 0.9628702998161316, - "start": 504, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.983982264995575, - "start": 491, - "end": 494 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCSI", - "confidence": 0.6933310031890869, - "start": 727, - "end": 728 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.5281404256820679, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9318819046020508, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCSI", - "confidence": 0.7501158118247986, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.6871525049209595, - "start": 784, - "end": 786 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9398267865180969, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Solid waste management practices**\n\nIn the 30 days before data collection, 67 respondents reportedly\nput their trash in a public place designated for waste disposal\nwhile the municipality (or other authority) collected the trash\nof 32 respondents, on a weekly basis in most cases (25/32).\nHowever, negative waste management practices were also\nreported as 57 refugees and migrants interviewed left their\nwaste on the road and 11 also buried or burned it, with most\ncases reported in Zwara (10/11).\n\nNone of the respondents from the MENA region interviewed\nreportedly burned their waste in the month prior to data\ncollection.\n**SHELTER & NFIs**\n**Shelter types**\n\n**The majority of refugees and migrants interviewed**\n**(114/151) lived in a shared house or an apartment and**\n**20 respondents lived in an unfinished room** . Only 10 out\nof 151 respondents lived in a private space and 7 individuals\nlived in connection houses, which are warehouses managed\nby smugglers for refugees and migrants on the move to\nEurope. [16] Similar proportions of refugees and migrants living\nin these shelter types were also found in a study conducted by\nREACH in December 2017. [17]\n\n**Figure 9: Respondents\u2019 shelter types**\n\n**1.** Shared house 64\n\n**2.** Apartment 50\n\n**3.** Unfinished room 20\n\n**4.** Private space 10\n\n**5.** Connection house 7\n\n\n\nwho reported not having had sufficient drinking water were from\nWest Africa (33/54).\n\nIn previous articles, it was reported that access to drinking\nwater in Libya had become more difficult in several areas of the\ncountry. Reasons cited included the shortage of rainfall, a lack\nof regulation in drilling and the destruction of infrastructures, [13]\nwhich may explain refugees and migrants\u2019 difficulty in accessing\nsufficient drinking water.\n\nThe majority of respondents (138/151) qualified the drinking\nwater as \u2018good\u2019. Six individuals reported that their drinking\nwater tasted bad and three reported their drinking water smelt\nbad. No variations were found in the reported quality of drinking\nwater between locations and respondents\u2019 regions of origin.\n\n\n**Sources of drinking water**\n\nMore than half of respondents (80/151) reported using water\nfrom the public network as their main source of drinking water.\nThirty-eight respondents used bottled water, 23 used water\ntrucking, 8 used outdoor tap water accessible to the public and\n2 used water from a protected well.\n\n**While most refugees and migrants interviewed in Ejdabia**\n**and Sebha primarily used water from the public network**\n**(respectively 29/30 and 22/30), none reported relying**\n**on it as their main source of drinking water in Zwara.**\nRespondents in Zwara mostly used bottled water (19/30) and\nwater trucking (7/30). Buying bottled drinking water was more\nfrequently reported by respondents from the MENA region\n(13/43) and East Africa (11/34), compared to individuals from\nWest Africa (12/71).\n\n**The reported level of access to water from the public**\n**network was mixed.** While the relative majority of respondents\nreported never having access to the public water network\n\n\n\n(47/151), 42 individuals reported having access to it most days,\nfollowed by 38 individuals who reportedly always had access to\nit. Furthermore, 24 respondents reported that they only rarely\nhad access to the public water network. Such variation was also\nfound in previous studies on the public water network in Libya. [14]\n\n\n**Figure 8: Main source of drinking water used in previous**\n**month**\n**1.** Public water network 80\n\n**2.** Bottled water 38\n\n**3.** Water trucking 23\n\n**4.** Outdoor water from tap 8\n\n**5.** Protected well 2\n\n\n**Access to water for**\n**hygiene and cooking purposes**\n\nThe majority of respondents used their drinking water source\nalso as their general water source for cooking and washing\n(97/151). For those who reported using a different water\nsource for cooking or washing, the most reported sources were\n(1) a protected well (23/54) and (2) the public water network\n(19/151). Eleven individuals relied on water trucking with one\nrespondents reportedly using a public outdoor tap to access\nwater.\n**Sanitation facilities used**\n\nThe most frequently reported types of toilets refugees and\nmigrants had access to close to or within their shelter were flush\ntoilets (75/151), followed by pour and dry toilets (74/151). Three\nrefugees and migrants reported not having access to a toilet in\nor close to their shelter. [15]\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8862797021865845, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.973340630531311, - "start": 260, - "end": 261 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.6375406980514526, - "start": 333, - "end": 335 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8959397077560425, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.767542839050293, - "start": 263, - "end": 264 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9917783141136169, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "public water network", - "confidence": 0.9748322367668152, - "start": 675, - "end": 678 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.7669498324394226, - "start": 737, - "end": 738 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9414129853248596, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\nThe majority of respondents shared their room with one to three\nother people (103/151). However, 36 individuals shared their\nroom with 4 to 6 people, followed by 7 individuals who reportedly\nshared with 7 to 10 people and 2 with 11 to 20 people. At the\nsame time, more than half of respondents (83/151) perceived\nliving in a room that was between 1 to 10m [2], out of whom 25\nindividuals perceived living in a room that was less than 5m [2] .\n\n**Figure 10: Number of individuals respondents shared**\n**sleeping room with**\n\n**1.** Between 1 and 3 103\n\n**2.** Between 4 and 6 36\n\n**3.** Between 7 and 10 7\n\n**4.** Between 11 and 20 2\n\n\n**The high number of individuals per room meant that**\n**interviewed refugees and migrants not only lacked privacy**\n**but were also more exposed to security or eviction risks.** In\na study conducted by REACH in December 2017, respondents\nhad flagged the risk of theft at home as a consequence\nof overcrowding. [18 ] In addition, 13 refugees and migrants\ninterviewed reported living in particularly poor or \u2018unhealthy\u2019\nshelters, staying in an accommodation without water, kitchen,\ntoilet or window.\n**Housing arrangement**\n\n**More than two thirds of refugees and migrants interviewed**\n**rented an accommodation without having a written**\n**contract, relying on an oral agreement with their landlord**\n**(83/151)** . Thirty-three respondents lived in an accommodation\nprovided by their employer, followed by 27 individuals who\nreportedly had a written rental agreement with their landlord.\n\n\n\nSix out of 151 refugees and migrants interviewed were hosted\nfor free by friends or family. Similar proportions of living\narrangements reported by refugee and migrant respondents\nwere also found by another study conducted by REACH in\nDecember 2017. [19]\n\n**Figure 11: Respondents\u2019 housing arrangements**\n\n\n**1.** Rental (verbal agreement) 83\n\n**2.** Housing provided by employer 33\n\n**3.** Rental (written contract) 27\n\n**4.** Hosted for free 6\n\n**5.** Ownership 1\n\n**6.** Housing provided by public authority 1\n\nThe type of housing arrangement differed by respondents\u2019\nregions of origin. While the majority of West Africans\ninterviewed reportedly had a verbal rental agreement only\n(46/71), individuals from the MENA region were most likely to\nhave a written rental agreement (13/43), illustrating their more\nsettled situation in the country. [20]\n\nIn comparison, according to the REACH MSNA, the vast\nmajority of non-displaced Libyan nationals own a shelter\n(84%), [21] compared to only 9% who rely on an oral rental\nagreement and 5% who reportedly have a written rental\nagreement.\n\n_**\u2018I live in a big house of 8 rooms, 1 bathroom and**_\n_**1 kitchen, we are 30 persons living here. We cook**_\n_**outside in the summer and inside in the winter. The**_\n_**roof is worn out and needs maintenance. Water**_\n_**enters when it rains.\u2019**_\n\nGhanaian man, 28, Zwara\n\n\n\n**Risk of eviction**\n\n**One in five respondents reported having been recently**\n**evicted or threatened to be evicted (30/151),** **a much higher**\n**proportion than among the Libyan population assessed in**\n**the MSNA 2018, where only 3% reported being threatened**\n**with eviction and 7% having been evicted.** The locations in\nwhich these cases were reported were mainly Zwara (12/30)\nand Sebha (10/30). The top three reasons reported by refugees\nand migrants for (risk of) eviction were (1) because the\nowner increased the rent/asked for more money, (2) because\nrespondents could not afford the rent anymore, due to reduced\npersonal funds and (3) because the owner wanted them to leave.\n\nHousing represents one of the main expenses for refugees and\nmigrants. Findings from a recent study on refuges and migrants\u2019\naccess and interaction with cash in Libya in June 2018 found\nthat interviewed refugees and migrants spent almost one third of\ntheir income on housing and food (32%) [22 ] and findings in a study\nby REACH in December 2017 highlighted that housing prices\nhad substantially increased compared to the previous year. [23] The\nabsence of written rental agreements and respondents\u2019 reliance\non their employer for housing make refugees and migrants\nmore vulnerable to exploitation at the hands of landlords and\nemployers.\n**Damaged shelters**\n\n**The majority of respondents (125/151) did not report living**\n**in a damaged shelter.** However, 26 individuals out of 151 had\none or more rooms in their shelter that was reportedly damaged\nand, out of these individuals, 20 lived in an unfinished room. In\naddition, 12 respondents reportedly lived in shelters with one\nor more rooms open to the elements (e.g. broken or missing\nwindows, holes in walls etc.). Refugees and migrants who\nreported living in damaged shelters or shelters open to the\nelements were predominantly from West Africa (27/38).\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8955824971199036, - "start": 235, - "end": 236 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.9147392511367798, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6612409353256226, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8158839344978333, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9762283563613892, - "start": 209, - "end": 212 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.5505308508872986, - "start": 406, - "end": 407 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.7916989922523499, - "start": 409, - "end": 410 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6283710598945618, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6683582067489624, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.5895145535469055, - "start": 306, - "end": 309 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA 2018", - "confidence": 0.5815718173980713, - "start": 753, - "end": 755 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9226447939872742, - "start": 890, - "end": 891 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5303307175636292, - "start": 893, - "end": 894 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8626313209533691, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.9752559065818787, - "start": 808, - "end": 811 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8496058583259583, - "start": 922, - "end": 923 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.980575680732727, - "start": 924, - "end": 925 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.8239765167236328, - "start": 1093, - "end": 1095 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8768934011459351, - "start": 927, - "end": 928 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6578288078308105, - "start": 927, - "end": 928 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9451707601547241, - "start": 960, - "end": 963 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Figure 12: Respondents living in damaged shelters**\n\n\n**Not damaged shelter 125**\n\n**Damaged shelter 26**\n#### 83\n\n\n\n**Not damaged shelter 125**\n\n\n\n**Damaged shelter 26**\n\n\n\n**Most of them lived in Sebha (20/38), Ejdabia (7/38), and**\n**Zwara (6/38).** The high number of interviewed refugees and\nmigrants living in damaged shelters raises protection concerns.\nThis trend is all the more worrying considering that refugees\nand migrants\u2019 already face heightened risk of armed robbery\ndue to their irregular situation in the country, as confirmed in\nother studies. [24]\n\n\n\n**Figure 13: Respondents living in a damaged shelter by**\n**region of origin**\n\n**West Africa**\n\n38+62\n\n**East Africa**\n\n26+74\n\n**MENA**\n\n5+95\n\n\n\n**West Africa**\n\n**East Africa**\n\n\n\n**MENA**\n\n\n\nNo significant difference in shelter characteristics was found\nbetween respondents who had been in Libya for one year or\nmore and those who had been in the country for less than\none year. This suggests that as refugees and migrants spend\nmore time in Libya, their housing conditions do not necessarily\ndeteriorate (as opposed to conditions in other sectors such as\n\naccess to food), nor improve.\n\n\n\n**Neighbourhood description**\n\n**When asked to describe their neighbourhood, one out of**\n**three (47/151) refugees and migrants interviewed mentioned**\n**that their neighbourhood was unsafe due to armed robbery**\n**and/or militia clashes** . Furthermore, 12 respondents out of 47\nmentioned they did not go out at night due to security concerns.\nREACH reported similar findings in December 2017, [25] with\nrespondents reported feeling particularly vulnerable to robbery\nand kidnapping. Furthermore, some neighbourhoods were\nperceived to be safer than others. Specifically, the city centre\nof Zwara was deemed relatively safe while the industrial areas\nof Tobruk, Zwara and Ejdabia were deemed particularly unsafe.\n\n\n_**\u2018The neighbourhood is safe during the day, but at**_\n_**night it is not safe. Foreigners are always threatened**_\n_**and robbed. Sometimes, thieves break into the house**_\n_**and take our money or phones. The house is a large**_\n_**store divided into rooms that are almost separated**_\n_**from each other. My room is approximately 10m**_ _**[2 ]**_ _**big**_\n_**and 6 to 10 people sleep in the same room. We have**_\n_**one bathroom.\u2019**_\n\nSenegalese man, 35, Sebha\n\n\n**Access to electricity**\n\n**All refugees and migrants interviewed reportedly used**\n**the government grid as their most common source of**\n**electricity, with only 43 respondents out of 151 having a**\n**generator as a second source of electricity.** The low number\nof respondents who reported having a backup power supply in\ncase of power outage suggests that respondents have limited\naccess to electricity, considering the frequent disruptions to the\nelectrical grid observed in the west and south of the country. [26 ]\n\n\n\nWhen asked about the amount of time spent without electricity\nin the last 7 days, the average was 7.38 hours per day, with\ndiscrepancies between the assessed mantikas. Sebha was\nfound to be the most affected by power outages. Refugees\nand migrants interviewed in Sebha reported not having\nelectricity between 12 to 14 hours per day in the week prior\nto the assessment. Refugees and migrants in Zwara reported\nnot having electricity for an average of 5 to 11 hours per day.\nThe least affected regions were Misrata (mainly 3 to 8 hours/\nday), Tobruk (mainly 3 to 8 hours/day) and Ejdabia (mainly 0\nto 5 hours/day). Finally, 27 refugees and migrants interviewed\nreported not having access to electricity for 15 hours or more\nper day, compared to only 1% of Libyans reporting this in the\nMSNA.\n**Access to fuel**\n\n**Cooking fuel**\n\nThe majority of respondents reported having regular access to\ncooking fuel (90/151), followed by 49 individuals who reported\nonly having irregular access to cooking fuel. Eleven individuals\nreported not needing cooking fuel, as they ate food at their\nemployer\u2019s.\n**Vehicle fuel**\n\nAlmost two thirds of respondents (98/151) reported not using\nor needing vehicle fuel, as they did not have a vehicle. Among\nthose who reportedly used vehicle fuel, 37 reported having\nregular access, with 11 reporting having irregular access. Two\nrespondents reported not having any access to vehicle fuel.\nRespondents who used vehicle fuel were predominantly from the\nMENA region.\n\n**Generator fuel**\n\nAmong respondents who reported using fuel for generators,\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Neighbourhood description", - "confidence": 0.9443498849868774, - "start": 303, - "end": 305 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8095489144325256, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7156953811645508, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9462350010871887, - "start": 329, - "end": 332 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Preferred assistance**\n\n**When asked what kind of assistance respondents would**\n**find most useful in the future, the relative majority**\n**reportedly preferred receiving cash, through transfers,**\n**vouchers or cash-in-hand** (50/151). This was followed by\n41 respondents who would like to receive both cash and inkind assistance and 33 who preferred in-kind assistance,\nsuch as food or NFI distributions. Twenty-three respondents\nreported not wanting to receive any sort of assistance. This\nwas particularly frequently reported in Tobruk (12/23) and by\nrespondents from the MENA region (13/23), illustrating their\nrelatively less vulnerable situation in Libya.\n\n**Figure 15: Sources of assistance received** **[28]**\n\n**1.** International NGO 13\n\n**2.** Local NGO 13\n\n**3.** Private donation 8\n\n**4.** Religious entity 2\n\n**5.** Government authority 1\n\n\n**Access to information on humanitarian**\n**assistance**\n\nWhen asked about the primary source of information\nrespondents used to access information on possible\nhumanitarian assistance, most reported sources were (1)\nsocial media (82/151), (2) family members or friends (52/151)\nand (3) TV (48/151). Thirty-three individuals reported relying on\ninformation provided directly by humanitarian organisations, or,\nin 29 cases, by charities.\n\n\n\n31 reported having regular access to fuel, compared to 9 who\nreportedly had irregular access.\n**Heating system**\n\nWhile the majority of respondents reported relying on an electric\nheating system (104/151), 27 respondents reportedly heated\ntheir shelter using wood or fire; this was particularly reported in\nZwara (17/27). Only three individuals reported heating with gas\nor fuel.\n\n**One in five refugees and migrants interviewed said that**\n**they did not have any heating system in their shelter**\n**(31/151)** . In comparison, among Libyans interviewed in the\nMSNA, a comparatively low 6% of respondents reported not\nhaving a heating system in their shelter. [27]\n**ASSISTANCE**\n**Assistance received**\n\n**The majority of refugees and migrants interviewed reported**\n**not receiving any type of assistance from governmental,**\n**humanitarian or civil society actors in the six months prior**\n**to data collection** (121/151). Among the 29 respondents who\nhad received some assistance, the majority had received in\n-kind assistance, such as food, reported by 25 individuals. Four\nindividuals had received both cash and in-kind assistance.\n\n\n\n**The majority of respondents who had received assistance**\n**were of West African origin and located in the south or**\n**in the west of Libya** . Eighteen of the 29 respondents who\nhad received assistance were from West Africa; 16 of the 30\nrespondents interviewed in Sebha had received assistance,\nfollowed by respondents in Zwara, where 6 out of 30 had\nreceived assistance. In Sebha, Zwara and Misrata all assistance\nrespondents had received was in kind (respectively 18, 5 and\n4 individuals).\n\n**Respondents who had been living in Libya for one year**\n**or longer were more likely to have received assistance,**\n**compared to more recently arrived migrants** (25/100,\ncompared to 4/51). This may be because more recently arrived\nindividuals may be more likely to transit through Libya and live\nin more hidden accommodation sites, therefore more difficult to\naccess and reach out to.\n**Sources of assistance**\n\n**The majority of assistance received was reportedly**\n**provided by either international or local non-governmental**\n**organisations (NGOs)** (13/29 and 13/29 respectively). Eight\nindividuals reported having received private donations with only\ntwo and one respondent respectively reporting having received\nassistance from a religious entity or a government authority.\n\nAmong the 29 respondents who received assistance in the six\nmonths before data collection, the majority said they faced no\nbarriers in accessing it (23/29). Among those who reportedly\nfaced barriers, four individuals reported that they did not have\nthe documentation rendering them eligible to apply, while one\nindividual reported not being aware of the assistance available\nuntil it was too late for them to apply.\n\n\n\n**Figure 14: Assistance received by respondents in**\n**previous six months**\n\n\n#### 80\n\n\n\n**No assistance received** **121**\n\n\n\n**Received some form of**\n**assistance**\n\n\n\n**29**\n\n\n\n**Prefer not say** **1**\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collection", - "confidence": 0.7926178574562073, - "start": 510, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sebha", - "confidence": 0.5518998503684998, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9678469300270081, - "start": 473, - "end": 476 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\nRefugees and migrants\u2019 low reliance on official actors, such as\nthe government, humanitarian organisations and charities, for\nhelp or as sources of information was also found in a study\nREACH conducted in June 2018 on refugees and migrants\u2019\naccess to cash. [29] In that study, respondents were asked who\nthey went to for help if they were not paid by their employers.\nMost reported sources of support reported were Libyan\nfriends (77/120) and the migrant community (48/120). Only 10\nindividuals reported going to the police for help, illustrating the\nimportance of interpersonal relations for refugees and migrants\nin Libya.\n\n**Figure 16: Information sources used VS preferred**\n**(multiple replies were possible)**\n\n\n\n**In contrast, when asked which sources of information**\n**on humanitarian assistance respondents preferred, the**\n**majority reported family and/ or friends in Libya (111/151),**\n**followed by places of worship (53/151) or the United Nations**\n**(UN) (50/151) as their preferred sources.** Respondents also\nreported family and/or friends outside Libya as a preferred\nsource of information on humanitarian assistance in the country\n(45/151), followed, reported by less individuals, by INGOs and\nlocal NGOs (reported by 30 and 29 respondents respectively).\nPreferred information sources were described as the ones\nindividuals most trusted, compared to those which were more\naccessible, such as social media, the most reported actual\nsource of information. Government authorities and community\nleaders were both among the least used and least preferred\nsources of information.\n\n**Types of information preferred**\n\nRefugees and migrants interviewed were also asked about the\ntype of information they would find most useful to receive. **The**\n**most reported types of information were (1) how to access**\n**financial support (90/151); (2) information on the security**\n**situation in the country (71/151); and (3) how to access**\n**government-subsidised goods (55/120).** **[30]** Other types of\ninformation respondents reported finding useful were how to\naccess non-financial aid; and how to find work.\n**One in five respondents reported wanting to receive more**\n**information on legal onward travel from Libya, notably**\n**resettlement (28/151).** **[31 ]** This was particularly frequently\nreported by asylum seekers from East Africa, who knew they\ncould be eligible to the scheme, reported by one in three\nrespondents of East African origin (10/34). A comparatively low\nnumber of individuals reported wanting information on assisted\nvoluntary return programmes for migrants in Libya (8/151). [32]\n\n\n\nThis was also found in a study REACH conducted in April\n2018, [33] where respondents reported to be overall well\ninformed about assisted voluntary return schemes available in\nthe country.\n\n**Figure 17: What information respondents would like to**\n**receive (multiple replies were possible)**\n\n**1.** How to receive financial support 90\n\n**2.** Security situation 71\n\n**3.** How to access government subsidies 55\n\n**4.** How to get aid 45\n\n**5.** How to find work 40\n\n**6.** How to access resettlement 28\n\n**7.** How to addess education 9\n\n**8.** How to access personal documentation 9\n\n**9.** How to access healthcare 8\n\n**10.** How to access voluntary return 8\n\n\nA relatively small proportion of respondents reported wanting\ninformation on how to access education or healthcare,\nreported by respectively nine and eight respondents. This was\nreportedly tied to respondents\u2019 plans in Libya in relation to\neducation, as most refugees and migrants interviewed did not\naim to access education in Libya, nor had children, or, in the\ncase of healthcare, because the majority of them had not been\nin need of healthcare and hence had not required information\non how to access it.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Information
sources used|Col2|Information
sources
preferred|\n|---|---|---|\n|Social media
(82)
|**1.**
|Family or
friends in
Libya (111)
|\n|Family or
friends in Libya
(52)
|**2.**
|Place of
worship (53)
|\n|TV (48)
|**3.**
|UN (50)
|\n|Int\u2019l/ local NGO
(33)
|**4.**
|Family or
friends outside
Libya (45)
|\n|Charity (29)
|**5.**
|Int\u2019l NGO (30)
|\n|Radio (24)
|**6.**|Local NGO
(29)
|\n\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study\nREACH", - "confidence": 0.8381475210189819, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9823268055915833, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9445642232894897, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9992119073867798, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information sources", - "confidence": 0.7172983288764954, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.5824076533317566, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.900365948677063, - "start": 358, - "end": 361 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study REACH", - "confidence": 0.9493280053138733, - "start": 594, - "end": 596 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9153291583061218, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7349512577056885, - "start": 599, - "end": 600 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8641436696052551, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**CONCLUSION**\n\nThe aim of the present assessment was to provide a first\noverview of refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH,\nshelter and NFIs and assistance as of October 2018. Overall, the\nassessment found that refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food,\nWASH, shelter and NFIs in Libya is impacted by many factors,\nresulting in different vulnerability profiles and needs, depending\non, among others, respondents\u2019 regions of origin, time of arrival\nand location in Libya. West African respondents emerged\nas a particular vulnerable group, and refugees and migrants\ninterviewed in Sebha, Ejdabia and Zwara displayed heightened\nneeds compared to respondents interviewed in other locations.\nFurthermore, access to humanitarian assistance remains\nlimited. Respondents reportedly mostly relied on social media\nas their primary source of information to access humanitarian\nassistance. Yet, respondents predominantly reported that they\nwished to receive information on humanitarian assistance\nthrough more trusted sources, such as personal contacts and\nofficial sources. This illustrates the importance for humanitarian\nactors to use such information channels in order to reach\nrefugees and migrants in need.\n\n\n\n**METHODOLOGY**\n\nBetween 14 and 23 September, IMPACT assessed refugees\nand migrants\u2019 humanitarian needs in Tobruk, Sebha, Misrata,\nEjdabia and Zwara. The assessed mantikas were sampled\non the basis of hosting large proportions of refugees and\nmigrants in Libya on the basis of IOM DTM figures, as well\nas representing the three regional centres of the country, ie.\nthe west, east and south of Libya. Due to ongoing violence\nin parts of the country, locations were also selected based on\ntheir accessibility.\n\nIn each location, 30 in-depth semi-structured individual\ninterviews were conducted with refugees and migrants, with\nthe exception of Misrata, where 31 interviews were conducted.\nIn each location, respondents were sampled purposively, on\nthe basis of their length of stay in Libya (one year or more\nand less than one year) and their region of origin (West Africa,\nEast Africa, MENA, Asia). The interviews mostly consisted of\nclosed-ended questions adapted from the REACH Libya 2018\nMulti Sector Needs Overview, with some modifications to cater\nto the particular situation of refugees and migrants in Libya.\n\n\n\n|Col1|West
Africa|East
Africa|MENA|Asia|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Ejdabia**
|14|9|7|0|30|\n|**Misrata**
|12|5|14|0|31|\n|**Sebha**
|23|3|4|0|30|\n|**Tobruk**
|12|10|8|0|30|\n|**Zwara**|10|7|10|3|30|\n\n\nData collection was carried out by field teams; all received\ntailored training on qualitative data collection and interview\nskills, as well as on ethical considerations around data collection\nwith vulnerable groups. All information was triangulated\nwith existing secondary data. As this assessment employed\npurposive sampling tools, the information in this situation\noverview should be considered indicative only and cannot be\ngeneralized for the entire population of refugees and migrants\nin Libya. Specifically, nationalities who are more likely to transit\nthrough Libya in organized smuggling networks and cannot be\nfound in urban areas, such as Eritrean, Ethiopian and Somali\nnationals, are likely to be underrepresented in the present\nstudy. The present study only interviewed individuals in urban\nareas, hence no information on the situation of refugees and\nmigrants in detention centres in particular was collected.\n\n\n\nTable 1: Respondents\u2019 regions of origin by location\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.6970012784004211, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8583601713180542, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6791770458221436, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9844933748245239, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM DTM figures", - "confidence": 0.8887783885002136, - "start": 282, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.590815007686615, - "start": 282, - "end": 283 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.8072518110275269, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9722241759300232, - "start": 224, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary data", - "confidence": 0.6415913701057434, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.7984805703163147, - "start": 655, - "end": 656 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8239102959632874, - "start": 651, - "end": 654 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to food, WASH, shelter & NFIs and assistance in Libya**\n**Libya | November 2018**\n\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n1 For the purposes of this assessment the expression \u2018refugees and migrants\u2019 refers to all people\nin Libya, who are not Libyan nationals. This includes migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and other\npopulations (such as victims of trafficking or unaccompanied and separated children), unless a\ndistinction is otherwise made. Source: OCHA, Humanitarian Needs Overview: Libya 2019,\nforthcoming.\n2 In April 2018, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimated that between 700,000\nto one million migrants and refugees were present in Libya. As of 21 December 2018, UNHCR\nreported 4.819 persons of concern in DCIM-operated detention centres. Source: DW, [Libya](https://www.dw.com/en/germany-libya-coastguard-rescued-10000-migrants-in-2018/a-45452547)\n[coastguard rescued 10 000 migrants in 2018, September 2018 and Refugees International, Death](https://www.dw.com/en/germany-libya-coastguard-rescued-10000-migrants-in-2018/a-45452547)\n[Would Have Been Better, Europe continues to fail refugees and migrants in Libya, April 2018.](https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/libyaevacuations2018)\n3 For information on refugees and migrants\u2019 access to cash and the impact of the liquidity crisis on\n[refugees and migrants in Libya, please consult: REACH/UNHCR, Access to cash and the impact](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[of the liquidity crisis on refugees and migrants in Libya, June 2018. For information on refugees](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\nand migrants\u2019 protection risks, please consult the reports mentioned above, OHCHR and UNSMIL,\n[Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights situation of migrants and refugees in Libya,](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/desperate-and-dangerous-report-human-rights-situation-migrants-and-refugees-libya )\n20 December 2018; UNHCR, [Desperate Journeys: Refugees and migrants arriving in Europe and at](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/65373#_ga=2.213027540.17857221.1542021281-1229594979.1528883517)\n[Europe\u2019s borders, January- August 2018, September 2018, 4MI/MMC,](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/65373#_ga=2.213027540.17857221.1542021281-1229594979.1528883517) [Fraught with Risk - Research](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/fraught-risk-research-paper-protection-concerns-people-move-across-west-africa-and)\n[Paper: Protection concerns of people on the move across West Africa and Libya, May 2018; and](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/fraught-risk-research-paper-protection-concerns-people-move-across-west-africa-and)\n[MSF, Evacuation of refugees and migrants out of Libya is urgently needed, September 2018.](https://www.msf.org/evacuation-refugees-and-migrants-out-libya-urgently-needed)\n4 NB: while no publically available secondary data was found on refugees and migrants\u2019 access\nto food, WASH and NFIs in Libya, REACH, in partnership with the START Network, conducted in\nDecember 2017 an assessment on refugees and migrants\u2019 access to resources, healthcare and\ncoping mechanisms, which included some shelter-specific findings. REACH/UNHCR, [Refugees and](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n[migrants\u2019 access to resources, healthcare and coping mechanisms,](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf) December 2017.\n5 Four individuals did not respond to the question.\n6 Respondents could select all responses that applied, hence the total of responses exceeds the\ntotal number of respondents (n=151).\n7 Read: \u201898 out of 151 respondents obtained an acceptable Food Consumption Score (FCS)\u2019. The\nFCS is a proxy indicator of food security developed by the World Food Programme. To know more\nabout the FCS and how to compute it, please read: WFP, Guidance Note - Calculation of household\nfood security outcome indicators - WFP Vulnerability Analysis & Mapping Unit, December 2012.\n8 REACH, [Libya: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2018, February 2019.](http://bit.ly/2DSEsjT )\n9 A total of 5,352 household (HH) surveys were completed (post-data cleaning) across 20 Libyan\nmantikas chosen to cover major population centres and areas of displacement. The sampling\nproduced statistically generalisable results for all assessed displacement categories, as well as for\n18 assessed mantikas and the city of Derna, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error\nof 10% (unless stated otherwise). Data for the mantika of Sirte is indicative only and should not be\ninterpreted with statistical significance.\n10 NB: As outlined, all findings presented on refugees and migrants are based on a qualitative\nmethodology, based on purposive sampling. Hence, any comparison with findings on the Libyan\npopulation originating from the REACH MSNA should be only treated as indicative and cannot be\ngeneralised to represent overall trends between refugees and migrants and Libyans in the country.\n11 REACH/UNHCR, [Access to cash and the impact of the liquidity crisis on refugees and migrants](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[in Libya, June 2018 and REACH/UNHCR,](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf) [Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to resources, healthcare](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n[and housing in Libya: Key challenges and coping mechanisms, December 2017.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n[12 See REACH/UNHCR, Access to cash and the impact of the liquidity crisis on refugees and](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[migrants in Libya, June 2018 for further info.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[13 Aidan Lewis, Libya: Residents in Tripoli drill through pavements in desperate bid to fnd water,](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/libyans-dig-water-well-test-for-tripoli-residents-a8024646.htmlhttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/libyans-dig-water-well-test-for-tripoli-residents-a8024646.html)\nOctober 2017 and Bashir Brika, Water Resources and Desalination in Libya: A review, August 2018.\n14 REACH, [Libya: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2018, February 2019.](http://bit.ly/2DSEsjT )\n15 Please note that this was a multiple choice question, hence the total can surpass the total\nnumber of respondents (n=151).\n16 REACH/UNHCR, [Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Housing and Healthcare in](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n\n\n\n[Libya, December 2017.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n17 Ibid\n18 Ibid\n19 Ibid\n20 Emigration from different countries in the region such as Egypt or Tunisia to Libya dates back\nfrom the 1960s. As such, thousands of migrants from the MENA region have come to work and\nsettled in Libya several decades ago. Source: IOM, [Migration in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia,](http://www.tunisia.iom.int/sites/default/files/resources/files/Reseach%20on%20complex%20migratory%20flows%20in%20Egypt%20Morocco%20and%20Tunisia.pdf)\n[Overview of the Complex Migratory Flows in the Region](http://www.tunisia.iom.int/sites/default/files/resources/files/Reseach%20on%20complex%20migratory%20flows%20in%20Egypt%20Morocco%20and%20Tunisia.pdf) or Robert Shuman Centre for Advanced\nStudies, [CARIM - Migration Profle: Libya, June 2011.](http://carim-south.eu/carim/public/migrationprofiles/MP_Libya_EN.pdf)\n21 The trend is different for displaced Libyans as REACH found in the 2018 MSNA that only\n25% of IDPs own their accommodation. (source: REACH, Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2018,\nforthcoming.)\n22 REACH/UNCHR, [Access to Cash and the Impact of the Liquidity Crisis on Refugees and](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[Migrants in Libya, June 2018.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n23 REACH/UNHCR, [Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Housing and Healthcare in](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n[Libya, December 2017.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\n24 REACH/UNCHR, [Access to Cash and the Impact of the Liquidity Crisis on Refugees and](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[Migrants in Libya, June 2018.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n25 REACH, [Refugees and Migrants\u2019 Access to Resources, Housing and Healthcare in Libya,](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_report_merf_december_2017_0.pdf)\nDecember 2017.\n26 REACH, [Tripoli: Joint Rapid Situation Overview, September 2018.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/reach_lby_situationoverview_ra_tripoli_sep2018.pdf)\n27 REACH, [Libya: Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2018, February 2019.](http://bit.ly/2DSEsjT )\n28 Respondents could select all responses that applied, hence the total of responses exceeds the\ntotal number of individuals who received assistance (n=29).\n29 REACH/UNHCR, [Access to cash and the impact of the liquidity crisis on refugees and migrants](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n[in Libya, June 2018.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_brief_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_cash_june2018.pdf)\n30 Multiple replies were possible. Even though officially refugees and migrants are not eligible for\ngovernment-run subsidised goods, respondents reported that they would find information on these\nschemes useful, to understand better whether they are eligible or not and, in case, on how to access\nthem. For further information on how the provision of subsidised goods in Libya works, please\n[consult REACH/Libya Cash and Markets Working Group, Market systems in Libya, October 2017.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lby_situation_overview_joint_market_monitoring_initiative_jmmi_october_2017.pdf)\n31 UNHCR defines resettlement as \u201cThe transfer of refugees from the country in which they\nhave sought refuge to another State that has agreed to admit them. The refugees will usually be\ngranted asylum or some other form of long-term resident rights and, in many cases, will have the\nopportunity to become naturalized citizens. For this reason, resettlement is a durable solution as\nwell as a tool for the protection of refugees. It is also a practical example of international burden- and\n[responsibility-sharing.\u201d Source: UNHCR, Master Glossary of Terms, June 2006, Rev.1.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/42ce7d444.html)\n32 The IOM defines AVRR as \u201cAssisted voluntary return and, where applicable, reintegration\ninvolves administrative, logistical and financial support to rejected asylum-seekers, victims of\ntrafficking in persons, stranded migrants, and other migrants unable or unwilling to remain in the\nhost country who volunteer to return to their countries of origin.\u201d Source: [Assisted Voluntary Return](https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/avrrreport2011final_25aug12.pdf)\n[and Reintegration, Annual Report of Activities 2011, August 2012](https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/avrrreport2011final_25aug12.pdf)\n[33 REACH/UNHCR, Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya: the impact of EU migration](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf)\n[measures on mixed migration in Libya, April 2018.](http://www.reachresourcecentre.info/system/files/resource-documents/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf)\n\n\n\n**ABOUT IMPACT**\n\nIMPACT Initiatives is a Geneva based think-and-do-tank,\ncreated in 2010. IMPACT is a member of the ACTED Group.\n\nIMPACT\u2019s teams implement assessment, monitoring &\nevaluation and organisational capacity-building programmes\nin direct partnership with aid actors or through its interagency initiatives, REACH and Agora. Headquartered in\nGeneva, IMPACT has an established field presence in over\n22 countries. IMPACT\u2019s team is composed of over 300\nstaff, including 150 full-time international experts, as well\nas a roster of consultants, who are currently implementing\nover 50 programmes across Africa, Middle East and North\nAfrica, Central and South-East Asia, and Eastern Europe.\n\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8556458353996277, - "start": 607, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Assessment", - "confidence": 0.6491435170173645, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.745878279209137, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9233682155609131, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9830039739608765, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.824894368648529, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9208344221115112, - "start": 754, - "end": 756 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH/UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8131226301193237, - "start": 781, - "end": 784 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9372879266738892, - "start": 805, - "end": 806 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.72996586561203, - "start": 808, - "end": 809 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5090010166168213, - "start": 936, - "end": 937 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8392139673233032, - "start": 771, - "end": 774 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8344822525978088, - "start": 933, - "end": 936 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "multiple choice question", - "confidence": 0.6965535879135132, - "start": 952, - "end": 955 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.8008196353912354, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9877786040306091, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9758174419403076, - "start": 925, - "end": 926 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6858645677566528, - "start": 925, - "end": 926 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/799c9a34-2a2f-360a-bc66-0ae961f9861c/impact_lby_so_refugees_and_migrants_access_to_food_wash_shelter_november_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_818/raw/doc_818_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_818/raw/doc_818_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5e8db21606de113fecf31d9f485974ee825d7436..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_818/raw/doc_818_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**IMPACT DES OPERATIONS DE LA FORCE MULTINATIONALE MIXTE AMNI FARKHAT**\n\n\n**SUR LA POPULATION LOCALE ET PROTECTION, REGION DE DIFFA**\n\n\n**Avril 2018, Diffa, Niger**\n\n\n**Contexte :**\n\n\nDepuis la premi\u00e8re vague d\u2019attaques par Boko Haram en 2015, la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, dans le sud-est du\npays, est en proie \u00e0 une situation de crise s\u00e9curitaire, et \u00e0 une urgence humanitaire. Malgr\u00e9 une\nr\u00e9duction relative r\u00e9cente du nombre d\u2019incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le mois de janvier 2018 a vu une\nrecrudescence d\u2019attaques de Boko Haram dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. Cette menace permanente risque de\nmaintenir quelques 130,000 PDI dans une situation de d\u00e9placement prolong\u00e9. Le d\u00e9placement interne a\neu pour cons\u00e9quence la perte des r\u00e9seaux de protection sociale, l\u2019aggravation de l\u2019exposition, des abus,\nainsi que d\u2019autres risques de protection tel le mariage pr\u00e9coce, la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre, les\ntensions intercommunautaires, ainsi que des disputes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Les populations\naffect\u00e9es, ainsi que les communaut\u00e9s, luttent pour parvenir \u00e0 satisfaire leurs besoins essentiels, comme\nla sant\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenue.\n\n\nApr\u00e8s les attaques de Toumour et Gueskerou en 2018, des op\u00e9rations militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans\ncertaines zones habituellement affect\u00e9es par les attaques de Boko Haram. Par ailleurs, un d\u00e9ploiement\nde FDS tchadiennes est observ\u00e9 depuis peu, en pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 une op\u00e9ration militaire de plus grande\nenvergure, l\u2019op\u00e9ration Amni Farkhat.\n\n\nCette op\u00e9ration devrait commencer en avril 2018 pour une p\u00e9riode de trois mois, en quatre phases :\n\n\n1. Phase 1 (Shape).Pr\u00e9paration & d\u00e9ploiement.\n\n\n2. Phase 2 (Shape).Bombardements a\u00e9riens et artillerie.\n\n\n3. Phase 3 (Clear).OP terrestres et amphibies iles du Lac Tchad.\n\n\n4. Phase 4 (Hold).Contr\u00f4le de zone et d\u00e9sengagement.\n\n\nCette op\u00e9ration va certainement engendrer des mouvements de populations, qui voudront se mettre \u00e0\nl\u2019abri des combats et des bombardements.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb54ae76-1f38-32cb-a45a-f2ea08a21449/impact_protection_operation_amni_farkhat_diffa_11.4._final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Possibles impacts des op\u00e9rations des forces multinationales dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa:**\n\n\n - Mouvements de population\n\n - Bombardement a\u00e9rien dans les villages \u2013 dommages collat\u00e9raux civils\n\n - Civils bloqu\u00e9s dans les Iles- ref. note du cluster protection, mars 2018, sur les mouvements de\npopulation vers les Iles du Lac\n\n - Perturbations scolaires des enfants d\u00e9j\u00e0 inscrits\nMouvements incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s de population qui se sentiront en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leur localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine\n(ou de d\u00e9placement) vers des localit\u00e9s plus ou moins sures avec comme cons\u00e9quence une\naugmentation de la densit\u00e9 de la population, situations exposant les filles et les femmes au viol,\nagressions sexuelles et autres violence bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n\n - S\u00e9paration des enfants et des familles lors du mouvement :\n\n - Mouvement pr\u00e9ventif :\n1. Risque moins grand de s\u00e9paration des enfants mais possibilit\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration lors des\n\nmouvements de groupe\n2. Probl\u00e8me de retour des enfants envoy\u00e9s par les parents dans la zone d\u2019origine pour\n\nchercher du mat\u00e9riel/nourriture laiss\u00e9s derri\u00e8re dans les parcelles priv\u00e9es\n3. Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019envoie des enfants pour collecte de l\u2019eau dans les puits des villages\n\nd\u2019origines et collecte de bois,\n4. Risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des jeunes adolescents par les extr\u00e9mistes pour une utilisation \u00e0\n\nleurs fins\n\n - Mouvement pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 :\n1. Risque accru de s\u00e9paration familiale\n2. Enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfants/jeunes par le groupe arm\u00e9\n3. Cas de S/ VBG par les populations, forces militaires, groupe arm\u00e9 terroriste\n4. Risque d\u2019assimilation des enfants qui seraient perdus aux groupes arm\u00e9s par les FDS\n\n(arrestations)\n\n - Recrutement et utilisation des enfants par le groupe arm\u00e9 \u00ab terroriste \u00bb. Utilisation et\nexploitation des enfants par les forces militaires: informateur sur les mouvements de terroriste,\npour chercher les femmes pour eux, chercher de l\u2019eau/nourriture, lavage habits et autres\n\n - Cas de VBG par les forces nationales, groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces multinationales : viols,\nagressions, l\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuel, etc.\n\n - Arrestations arbitraires/arrestations violentes des enfants (surtout les adolescents) et des\nadultes (m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es, tortures, etc.) et m\u00e9thodes d\u2019interrogation/de\ntransfert/d\u2019emprisonnement (acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation, incarc\u00e9ration avec les adultes, nons\u00e9paration des filles des hommes/gar\u00e7ons par les forces multinationales). Principe 12 des\nPrincipes directeurs stipule que : _Tout individu a droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de sa personne._\n_Nul ne peut faire l'objet d'une arrestation ou d'une d\u00e9tention arbitraire. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_\n_\u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays seront prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre toute arrestation et d\u00e9tention_\n_discriminatoire du fait de leur d\u00e9placement_\n\n - Accidents routiers incluant les enfants lors des d\u00e9placements des troupes par v\u00e9hicules\nmilitaires\n\n - Restriction de mouvements, et de la libert\u00e9 de circulation des populations\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb54ae76-1f38-32cb-a45a-f2ea08a21449/impact_protection_operation_amni_farkhat_diffa_11.4._final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - R\u00e9duction de l\u2019espace humanitaire ; les humanitaires peuvent se voir refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines\nzones ou sites\n\n - Risques des restes d\u2019engins de guerre pour les enfants, et m\u00eame les adultes, dans les champs\nnon d\u00e9limit\u00e9s\n\n - Perte d\u2019emploi chez certaines populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es notamment les jeunes\n\n - Utilisation des \u00e9coles comme base militaire / zone de combats / d\u00e9p\u00f4t d\u2019armes, etc.\n\n - Pr\u00e9sence des militaires et armes au niveau des h\u00f4pitaux, des sites d\u2019installation et des \u00e9coles\n\n - Zones militaris\u00e9es et actions militaires: r\u00e9percussions psychologiques sur les enfants et familles\n(d\u00e9tresse et/ou de souffrance psychologique, troubles mentaux)\n\n - Zones sous attaques : victimes mineures\u2013 bless\u00e9es ou tu\u00e9es (dommages collat\u00e9raux, ciblage,\netc.)\n\n - Renforcement des contr\u00f4les routiers militaris\u00e9s, r\u00e9duction de l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 aux services de\nsant\u00e9 de base surtout la nuit pour les femmes enceintes\n\n - Crainte que les populations sorties des c\u00f4t\u00e9s des iles du lac soient refus\u00e9es d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019aide\nhumanitaire sous accusation d\u2019avoir des connexions avec les extr\u00e9mistes.\n\n\n**Recommandations :**\n\n\n\uf0d8 **Aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00e9quipe humanitaire de pays:**\n\n - Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de la force multinationale mixte sur l\u2019avancement de la strat\u00e9gie de protection\ndes civiles (OCHA)\n\n - Discussion aupr\u00e8s du Gouvernement sur la position \u00e0 tenir (surtout sur le sort des populations\nnouvellement sorties des iles); collaboration avec le Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense/ Int\u00e9rieure pour les\nformations en protection\n\n - Un renforcement de la coordination entre les pays r\u00e9gionaux (Tchad, Nigeria)- a tous les niveaux\nde coordination.\n\n\uf0d8 **Aupr\u00e8s d\u2019ICC (niveau Diffa+ Niamey):**\n\n - Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une task force avec les clusters engag\u00e9s dans l\u2019appui aux populations en\nmouvement/cibles\n\n - Appuyer les \u00e9valuations multisectorielles apr\u00e8s le mouvement de population\n\n - S\u2019assurer que la protection transversale ressorte comme un pilier pour tous les clusters\n\n - L\u2019ICC se pencher d\u2019avantage sur les aspects de preparedness.\n\n\uf0d8 **Aupr\u00e8s de plateforme CIVMIL :**\n\n - Renforcement des liens civilo-militaires et d\u00e9ploiement d\u2019un point focal d\u00e9die pour une p\u00e9riode\nde 3 mois\n\n - Formation sur les violations graves des droits des enfants (exercice de sensibilisation et briefing\nsur les violations graves des droits des enfants en conflit arm\u00e9s)\n\n - Formation sur la Protection Contre l\u2019Exploitation et l\u2019Abus Sexuels (PEAS).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb54ae76-1f38-32cb-a45a-f2ea08a21449/impact_protection_operation_amni_farkhat_diffa_11.4._final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\uf0d8 **Aupr\u00e8s de gouvernement :**\n\uf0d8 Assurer le transfert imm\u00e9diat des EAFGAs aux autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes (atelier de sch\u00e9ma prise\n\nen charge \u00e0 Diffa principe de Paris et protocole f\u00e9vrier 2017 SNU Gouvernement Niger)\n\n- Niveau judiciaire : Respect du Protocole concernant les enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s (transfert vers les services sociaux) ; respect du temps de garde \u00e0 vue au P\u00f4le\nantiterroriste (15 jours renouvelables une fois : respect du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale et loi\n2014-72)\n\n- Une strat\u00e9gie de communication effective sur toute information et modalit\u00e9s pertinentes\nrelatifs au d\u00e9placement de personnes doit \u00eatre mise en place et suivi. Tout acteur travaillant\ndans ce domaine doit pouvoir acc\u00e9der \u00e0 toute information pertinente sur le sujet.\n\n\uf0d8 **Aupr\u00e8s du cluster protection/ GTP :**\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me de monitoring protection \u00e0 Diffa (imm\u00e9diat)\n\n- Programme de formations aupr\u00e8s des troupes militaires et des autorit\u00e9s locales\n\n- Assurer un point focal par cluster et sous cluster dans la task force\n\n- Redynamiser/restructurer les comit\u00e9s communautaires de protection\n\n- Conduire des \u00e9valuations conjointes du cluster et des sous clusters dans les zones frontali\u00e8res\n\n- Mise en place des programmes de pr\u00e9vention des conflits et alerte pr\u00e9coce\n\n**\u2022** Renforcer le dialogue inter communautaire et ethnique\n\n**\u2022** Assurer une bonne implication des populations\n\n**\u2022** Sensibiliser les populations sur les potentiels risques de la protection li\u00e9s aux d\u00e9ploiements des\nFDS dans les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb54ae76-1f38-32cb-a45a-f2ea08a21449/impact_protection_operation_amni_farkhat_diffa_11.4._final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_819/raw/doc_819_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_819/raw/doc_819_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6ec291d20551c302f49363dfde25fab88358f880..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_819/raw/doc_819_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u00a9NRC/Tom Peyre-Costa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9187fdbe-5b35-37b3-9685-8635b5c53c18/improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning-in-central-sahel.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The security crisis on the central Sahel region\n(Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) has been\ndeteriorating due to an increased number of\nattacks from non-State armed groups (NSAGs)\nand inter-communal disputes. From northern Mali,\nto northern Burkina Faso and western Niger, the\ncrisis has gradually escalated and spread, turning\nnow into a serious security threat for the entire\nregion.\n\n\nThe humanitarian impact of this crisis is worrisome\n[with a number of displaced people multiplied by](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[10, growing from 213,000 in 2013 to 2.5 million at](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[the end of 2021](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis) [1] . Insecurity in the Central Sahel\nregion, combined with extreme poverty, climate\nchange, food insecurity, malnutrition and the\nCOVID-19 pandemic has driven around 3.5 million\npeople among which 1.7 million are children in\nneed of humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nOn top of the general insecurity and increased\nviolence leading to mass displacements,\ndeliberate attacks and threats on schools and\nagainst teachers and students, in school or\non their way to school, are becoming more\n\n\n1. Including refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs.\n\n\n\nNumber of displaced people trend between 2013\nand 2021 in Central Sahel\n\n\n\n3000\n\n\n2500\n\n\n2000\n\n\n1500\n\n\n1000\n\n\n500\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2013 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand more common, which further worsens\nthe situation of children and jeopardizes their\nfuture. Over 5.500 schools [2] were closed due\nto insecurity at the end of 2021 and 13 million\nchildren out of schools.\n\n\nAttacks on schools have exacerbated existing\nstructural challenges to education for all (poverty,\npoor school infrastructure, low attendance rate,\ninsufficient number of well-trained teachers),\nand, in some cases, have reversed decades of\nprogress.\n\n\nThe impact on displaced children has not only\nbeen physical or material but also psychological\n\n\n2. 3,280 in Burkina Faso; 1,621 in Mali; 611 in Niger.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9187fdbe-5b35-37b3-9685-8635b5c53c18/improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning-in-central-sahel.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3,500\n\n3,000\n\n2,500\n\n2,000\n\n1,500\n\n1,000\n\n500\n\n0\n\n\n\nBurkina Faso Mali Niger\n\n\n\nNumber of schools closed\n(as of december 2021)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Education clusters_\n\n\nand mental as they witnessed violence of all\nkinds leading to trauma affecting their behaviour\nand their learning capacities and seriously\ncompromising their future.\n\n\nTo address this situation, improve learning and\nrestore hope of the displaced children in Central\nSahel, NRC, UNHCR and UNICEF have been\nimplementing several activities other the past\nyears. In December 2020, NRC launched the\nBetter Learning Program (BLP) implemented by\nteachers to support children\u2019s recovery from the\ntraumatic events experienced during conflict\nand displacement. The programme improves\nconditions for learning through mobilization of a\nchild\u2019s support network of caregivers, teachers\nand counsellors to assess and address the level\nof mental and psychological trauma faced by\nchildren. In 2021, UNHCR has strengthened the\ncapacity of teachers and members of community\nstructures in refugee and IDP hosting areas of the\nthree countries by organizing training sessions\ndedicated to the psychosocial support (PSS) of\nstudents. Psychosocial support was also provided\non an individual basis for cases requiring child\nprotection interventions. UNICEF has broadly\ntaken a multi-sectoral approach to providing\n\n\n\npsychosocial support to children in the Sahel,\nacross education, child protection and nutrition\nactivities in particular. Moving forward, there will\nbe an increasing drive to consider this within\nthe broader consideration of mental health as a\nfoundation for resilience and learning.\n\n\nAs part of NRC BLP Program, an assessment has\nbeen conducted, in Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali [3]\naiming to measure promoters and barriers for\nlearning before and after interventions.\n\n\nThe initial results of the assessment conducted\nfrom May to September 2021 are quite alarming:\n**53% of the children don\u2019t feel safe inside the**\n**school, 62%** of them **cannot concentrate when**\n**doing schoolwork and 64%** of the students\n**have little to no hope in the future** . In addition,\n**72% of children are in need of additional**\n**school support, 67% of children in need of**\n**additional support from their family members**\n**and 91% of children has low self-regulation**\n**skills/awareness** .\n\n\nTaking a closer look to the results per country,\nwe can highlight the perception of insecurity that\nis very high in Burkina Faso in conflict-affected\nareas [4], with only the **4% of respondents who**\n**feel safe at school** or the lack of psychosocial\nsupport with only **23% who feel supported by**\n**a school staff when they are scared** . Still in\nBurkina Faso, only the **25% of children appear**\n**to have a good level in terms of concentration**\nat school and only the **17% of have reported**\n**to feel always able to do their best at school** .\nThese data are alarming and need urgent\n\n\n3. A total of 641 children (354 girls and 287 boys) 6 to 14 years old have\nbeen assessed between May and September 2021.\n\n4. The assessment was conducted in 3 schools in the area\nof Barsalogho, Burkina Faso.\n\n\n\nStudents who cannot\nconcentrate when doing\nschoolwork\n\n\n\nStudents who don't feel\nsafe inside the school\n\n\n\nStudents who have little to\nno hope in the future\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.838790237903595, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8045359253883362, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.5648661255836487, - "start": 467, - "end": 469 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.961376965045929, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9431946277618408, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Barsalogho, Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.7599350214004517, - "start": 632, - "end": 636 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8910987973213196, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Students", - "confidence": 0.8060308694839478, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9187fdbe-5b35-37b3-9685-8635b5c53c18/improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning-in-central-sahel.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children with low selfregulation skills/awareness\n\n\n\nChildren in need of\nadditional school support\n\n\n\nChildren in need of additional\nsupport from their family\nmembers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmitigation measures from governments, school\nadministrations and the humanitarian community\nin order to improve children\u2019s ability to continue\nlearning despite all the challenges.\n\n\nIn Niger, the results of the assessment [5] are also\nconcerning with **71% of the respondents that**\n**have little to no hope in the future** or **86% of**\n**children who feel they need additional school**\n**support** . In terms of security and compared with\nBurkina Faso, the results are more encouraging\nin Niger with **65% of children feeling safe at**\n**school** . Paradoxically, only **38% feel supported**\n**by school staff when they are scared** which\nis clear appeal for school staff to do more to\nsupport children after receiving themselves\npsychosocial support as well as additional\ncapacity building.\n\n\nIn Mali [6], if the overall data appear more\ncomforting compared with the other countries,\nthere are however, challenges in the areas of\n\n\n5. The assessment was conducted in 10 schools in the regions\nof Maradi and Tillaberi, Niger.\n\n6. The assessment was conducted in 6 schools in the region of Mopti,\nMali.\n\n\n\nself-efficacy and self-regulation. Also, in terms of\nhope, there is room for improvements with **42%**\n**who do not believe they will ever graduate**\n**school** and the **47% of them not seeing**\n**positive changes happening in the future** . The\nresults are equally mixed in terms of academic\nfunctioning with only **49% of the students that**\n**reported to have good level of concentration**\n**when doing schoolwork.**\n\n\nEducation has been neglected for far too\nlong in humanitarian responses to conflict and\ndisplacement. Without appropriate mitigation and\nimmediate response measures this continued\nexposure to stress and violence in addition to\ndisrupted access to education will have dramatic\nlong-term psychosocial consequences on\nchildren. Countries\u2019 socio-economic development\nwill also be affected resulting in a whole\ngeneration of children falling behind, reduction in\nquality of education and learning, and challenges\nin productivity and growth for these countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9365178942680359, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9536333084106445, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.5817998647689819, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8712571263313293, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "self-efficacy and self-regulation", - "confidence": 0.8445560932159424, - "start": 259, - "end": 262 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "students", - "confidence": 0.7935216426849365, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9187fdbe-5b35-37b3-9685-8635b5c53c18/improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning-in-central-sahel.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE** **PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT**\n\n\n###### **1. Governments and international community:**\n\nto place safety and well-being of children at\nthe heart of all education related decisions by\nsupporting and prioritizing the creation of safe\nand protective learning environments:\n\n\n- Provide access to appropriate training and\nongoing in-service support for teaching and nonteaching staff living in insecure and displacement\nareas;\n\n\n- Define clear roles and responsibilities,\nincrease resources and supportive supervision\nfor teachers, to ensure that schools are turned\ninto safe and protective spaces where forcibly\ndisplaced children can regain a sense of\nnormalcy following the trauma of displacement;\n\n\n- Regularly prevent and monitor Protection from\nSexual Exploitation and Abuse in all learning\nenvironments;\n\n\n- Set-up up quality alternative learning spaces\nin consultation with affected communities and\n\n\n\nrelevant stakeholders in areas where formal\nschools are not considered a safe option and\ncannot be re-opened.\n\n###### 2. National and international NGOs: to\n\nincrease and strengthen psychosocial and child\nprotection support interventions at multiple levels\nto students and schools\u2019 staff and provide them\nthe tools aiming to enhance their mid and longterm recovery making sure that no child is left\nbehind. Children\u2019s general recovery, wellbeing\nand academic functioning should be monitored\nand assessed periodically.\n\n###### 3. Schools staff (and family members): to\n\ninvolve parents in the recovery process and\nstrengthen a communication channel among\nparents, teachers and students; and to provide\nlife-saving knowledge and skills to children,\nhelping them build confidence and self-esteem\nas well as capacity to express themselves\nthrough role playing and group discussions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9187fdbe-5b35-37b3-9685-8635b5c53c18/improve-childrens-wellbeing-and-learning-in-central-sahel.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_82/raw/doc_82_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_82/raw/doc_82_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bdf8335b1cf78cff32c77a26f443b6b760c6e80d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_82/raw/doc_82_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**MEDIA BACKGROUNDER - 3RP PROGRESS REPORT**\n\n**3RP PROGRESS REPORT - A CALL TO ACTION**\n\nThe 3RP is only 23 per cent funded, and this severe shortage of funds is hampering efforts to meet the\nneeds of more than 3.9 million refugees who have fled the conflict in Syria and the communities\nhosting them, according to the 3RP Progress Report released today.\n\nTo ensure adequate protection for refugees and humanitarian assistance for those in need, along with\nsupport for the resilience of host communities and governments, 3RP partners are calling for:\n\n - Increased solidarity and international responsibility-sharing with refugee-hosting countries;\n\n - Enhanced refugee protection in the region and beyond;\n\n - More funds and more quickly to address needs and consolidate efficiency gains;\n\n - Support to a new aid architecture to better address the complexities and long-term impacts\nof the Syria crisis;\n\n - More support to strengthen the resilience of local service delivery for a more sustained\nresponse; and\n\n - Increased access to livelihoods to alleviate suffering, restore dignity and reduce social\ntensions.\n\n**WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF INACTION**\n\nShould the 3RP partners\u2019 call for action remain unheard, the consequences would be severe, leaving\na generation of Syrians behind and neighbouring countries striving to provide a global public good\nthey should not and cannot bear alone. Levels of vulnerability and poverty will continue to rise and\ntensions between host communities and refugees will mount, contributing to further regional\ndestabilization, rolling back developmental gains.\n\nConsequences of underfunding of the 3RP across the region would include:\n\n - 1.6 million people across the region will have further cuts to their food assistance.\n\n - Up to 1.7 million people may face winter this year without fuel, shelter, insulation, blankets\nor warm clothes.\n\n - 752,000 Syrian refugee children will continue to not participate in education.\n\n - 130,000 extremely or severely needy families will not be supported with cash assistance for\nbasic needs.\n\n - Increases in morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five, women, and\nrefugees with acute and chronic health conditions.\n\n - 70,000 pregnant refugee women could face life-threatening complications, if timely\nemergency health care is not provided.\n\nSome of the impacts in countries would include:\n\n - Programmes for 100,000 out-of-school children or adolescents in Turkey will not start.\n\n - Daily, 250 women and children in Lebanon will not benefit from medical, emotional or legal\nsupport to protect them from early marriage, sexual harassment and negative coping\nstrategies.\n\n - 312,000 people in Jordan will not have access to primary health care, while more than 120,000\nwomen and girls of reproductive age living in host communities in Jordan are at risk of\nmortality and morbidity if protection and reproductive health services are not provided.\n\n - 30,000 refugees in Iraq will be living in substandard shelter.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b9d0b1f0-b75b-3711-920c-ee73dd76e693/3rp-Media-Backgrounder.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Almost 2,000 refugees detained in Egypt on charges of attempted illegal departure will remain\nin detention for prolonged periods with limited or no humanitarian and legal assistance.\n\n**3RP FUNDING STATUS**\n\n\nAs at 31 May 2015, only USD 1.06 billion - less than a quarter - of the USD 4.5 billion of agency\nrequirements has been received since the appeal was launched last December. This leaves a gap of\nUSD 3.47 billion, which is affecting the ability of agencies to response in all countries and sectors, and\nin both the refugee and resilience components of the response.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b9d0b1f0-b75b-3711-920c-ee73dd76e693/3rp-Media-Backgrounder.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3RP ACHIEVEMENTS**\n3RP partners are rolling-out innovative approaches to increase the impact of the response and\nensure that the limited funding available has been channelled to those most in need. Some of these\ninclude:\n\n - Biometrics for refugee registration to improve protection and reduce fraud.\n\n - Local delivery systems, including municipal services, intensively used for a more sustainable\nresponse and fewer parallel systems.\n\n - Cash-based interventions for food and other basic needs to reduce overheads and\ntransaction costs.\n\n - Better data collection systems and assessments to identify and assist the most vulnerable.\n\n - Development of real time communicable disease surveillance and response strategies.\n\nKey achievements across the response to date in in 2015 include:\n\n - 1.8 million people reached with food assistance.\n\n - 1.6 million Syrian refugees registered to ensure protection and assistance.\n\n - 1.5 million primary health care consultations provided.\n\n - 675,000 people benefiting from improved access to safe water.\n\n - 546,000 children assisted with school supplies or grants to help them access education.\n\n - 243,000 households received help to get through the last winter.\n\n - 58,000 households provided with shelter assistance.\n\n - 16,000 households benefiting from training or employment services.\n\n**3RP BACKGROUND**\nThe Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) in response to the Syria Crisis is an international\nappeal aimed at addressing refugee protection needs, the humanitarian needs of the most\nvulnerable, and the longer-term socio-economic impacts of the Syria crisis on neighbouring countries\nof Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt.\n\nThe 3RP is a USD 5.5 billion funding appeal, comprising USD 1 billion of host government\nrequirements and USD 4.5 billion in agency requirements for United Nations (UN) agencies and Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs). The appeal is planned on a scenario of 4.27 million Syrian\nrefugees in the region by the end of 2015, and aims to assist more than 20 million other members of\nimpacted local communities this year.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Biometrics for refugee registration", - "confidence": 0.9300873875617981, - "start": 41, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6465531587600708, - "start": 125, - "end": 126 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8145253658294678, - "start": 144, - "end": 146 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Local delivery systems", - "confidence": 0.6270470023155212, - "start": 53, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6712446808815002, - "start": 125, - "end": 126 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b9d0b1f0-b75b-3711-920c-ee73dd76e693/3rp-Media-Backgrounder.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_820/raw/doc_820_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_820/raw/doc_820_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5c52d0d7e76a28c4db4c4d2eb54c6882628c785b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_820/raw/doc_820_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# ABOUT THIS KNOWLEDGE MAP\n\nThe insights in this Knowledge Map were gathered from the first-ever Humanitarian Innovation\nJam: Refugee-Focused Solutions, held on December 5th, 2013 in Washington, DC and cosponsored by UNHCR Innovation, Georgetown University, and UNICEF Innovation. Participants\nin the Jam included a diverse group of around 40 practitioners from UN offices, NGOs,\nacademic institutions, governmental agencies and development organizations, who engaged in\ncollaborative discussions that aimed to pinpoint current gaps within the field of humanitarian\ninnovation, sharing good practices and challenges faced and jointly identifying potential\nstrategic priorities or areas of collaboration for 2014.\n\n## Overview\n\n\n\"Innovation\" has become a slogan and a silver bullet in the humanitarian as well as\ndevelopment realms. Innovation offices and initiatives have been created in many NGOs,\ngovernment organizations, and UN Agencies, and have become a subject of research and\ninterest in academic institutions and think tanks. Despite the belief that innovative approaches\nand philosophies are inherently beneficial in humanitarian work, there has not yet been a\nconcerted effort to take a step back and analyse the true impacts of innovation on refugee\ncommunities, on organizations themselves, and on the broader world of humanitarian action.\n\n\nA thorough analysis of our work requires the convening of all corners of this new innovation\nspace - academic, humanitarian, development and eventually private - to consolidate lessons\nlearned, share good practices and discuss common questions and challenges. Taking\nadvantage of the academic setting and hosts, this event was a preliminary opportunity to\ncreate the space for a critical, honest, and collaborative conversation amongst like-minded\npartners for the benefit of refugees and conflict-affected communities.\n\n\nAs this first Humanitarian Innovation Jam was co-sponsored by UNHCR, the conversation was\ndesigned to complement thinking on innovations for refugees and forcibly displaced\ncommunities. Whilst participants came from a wide array of UN organizations, academic\ninstitutions, and humanitarian and development organizations, the diversity of participants\nallowed the contribution of knowledge and experiences from various fields in the interest of\ndiscovering good practices that can be applied to refugee-focused innovations in the future.\nSubsequent Innovation Jams may be focused on other thematic areas depending on the\norganizations, institutions, and UN Agencies that decide to cosponsor.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Knowledge Mapping\n\nThis knowledge map recognizes and shares the current knowledge of a group of stakeholders\nand then, through the mapping process, identifies the gaps in thinking and knowledge that still\nremain.\n\nThe mapping exercises conducted during the Jam sought to consolidate the information that is\nalready known \u2013 what innovation projects various offices are working on, what actors are\nengaged, and what the impact has been on affected communities \u2013 and to use this foundation\nto better analyse the fundamental questions of innovation work around the world.\n\n\nThrough group discussions and thematic breakouts, the Jam addressed these guiding\nquestions:\n\n - What are current innovation philosophies across organizations? How do the\nphilosophies overlap, and how are they different?\n\n - Are there trends in current innovations, and what can be learned from them?\n\n - How is \u2018success\u2019 defined in humanitarian innovation? On the ground? In organizational\ncultures? How can impact be measured effectively?\n\n - How can effective partnerships be pursued and created? Should they be pursued?\n\n - How can current innovation practices and thinking be scaled within an organization?\nShould innovation be scaled?\n\n - How can the self-reliance of the people on the ground be improved? How can\nbeneficiaries \u2013 end users \u2013 be included in innovation work?\n\n - What best practices have been employed in defining and achieving strategic\nobjectives?\n\n\nThe knowledge map that follows captures current good practices and also highlights the\nshared challenges that are faced in each of these areas.\n\n\n_Participants at the Innovation Jam at Georgetown University \u2013 December 5._\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# INNOVATION PHILOSOPHIES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTORS\n\nInnovation means different things to different organizations and people. However, discussions\nthroughout the Jam yielded a consensus on innovation philosophies that apply at the\norganizational level for practitioners operating in different contexts and with different goals.\nCollectively, these innovation philosophies represent a snapshot of the core principles that\nguide the work done by participants in the Jam.\n\n\nThis list is by no means exhaustive, but rather captures the trends and priorities of the\ninnovation field at the time of the Jam.\n\n\nInnovation should be data-driven. Innovations should be field-tested, evidence-based\nand iterated. Best practice points to the importance of leveraging the power of data to measure\nand subsequently modify innovations, but there is room for growth and development in the\nmonitoring and evaluation of innovation projects. Innovation should create or shorten the\nfeedback loop so as to better inform modifications and future iterations.\n\n\nThe best innovations are scalable and replicable. This being said, it is always\nimportant to keep in mind different local contexts \u2013 with local iterations occurring after a testing\nphase\n\n\nInnovations should be transparent and openly communicated. It is important to\nwork transparently and \"out loud.\" Innovation cannot be done in the dark. Rather, it should be\nshared with all interested parties and relevant stakeholders.\n\n\nDesign should be driven by the user. Innovations should involve users and be demand\nor needs driven. Innovators should be building their projects with the end users involved or at\nthe heart of the design. In the humanitarian sector, innovations should include user\ncommunities in all aspects \u2013 from defining the challenge through to designing the solution.\n\n\nInnovations do not necessarily need to be novel. Novelty is not an outcome; the final\ngoal of any innovation should be an improved system, service, product or method. Innovations\ncan and should adopt or adapt methods from one sector to another. The application of existing\ntools and good practices to a new context can lead to exciting solutions. Additionally,\ninnovation can build on existing solutions to further improve the end product and process.\n\n\nCollaboration is key. There are many different types of collaboration, each with their own\nopportunities, challenges, and styles. A diversity of perspectives can deliver better end results.\nGood practices and lessons learned demonstrate that picking partners carefully and planning\nfor scale at the beginning of partnerships can result in better innovations.\n\n\nInnovation is more than technology. Innovation is not synonymous with technology, and\nnot every solution needs to have a technical component. Innovations can occur through new\nprocesses, products, systems, and cultural shifts.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The acceptance of failure is a necessary pre-condition of innovation. In order to\ndevelop new methods and systems, the space must be created for the possibility of failure and\nto benefit from learning from mistakes. It is always best to take risks early to learn quickly from\nfailed prototypes \u2013 and also to ensure that the appropriate research was done ahead of time to\nlearn from previous mistakes.\n\n\nGood innovation initiatives can eventually create a culture of innovation within\norganizations or operations. True innovation breaks silos. This entails incorporating\nchange principles and change management into policy, encouraging continuous learning, and\nallowing dissent. In many cases, instilling a culture of innovative thinking in an organization can\nnecessitate a fundamental shift in approaches and mindsets.\n\n\nInnovators must be agile. Flexibility is crucial to innovation. The ability to adapt and learn in\nnew circumstances and under difficult conditions is a necessity in all humanitarian work \u2013 and is\neven more important when trying to use new processes or products. Innovators should be\nwilling to tolerate risk in new ventures and to adapt to non-ideal circumstances.\n\n\n_Identifying organizational philosophies._\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# PRIORITY THEMES\n\nThrough brainstorming and discussion exercises, participants in the Jam identified five themes\nthat they deemed challenges in their present work and complementary to their strategic\nobjectives for the following year. These specific themes emerged from a prioritization exercise\nand represent some shared concerns of participating organizations in their approaches to\ninnovation.\n\n### Theme 1: Building Effective Partnerships\n\n\nThere is increasing awareness of the need for more integration across\nhumanitarian and development spheres, as well as for better learning across these\nsectors.\n\n\nNew forms of partnerships between donors and organizations can create closer\nrelationships, leading to longer term funding streams, direction, mentorship, and external\nexpertise.\n\n\nCollaboration with the private sector and governments is also increasing, and should\ncontinue to do so, based on an understanding of sometimes-divergent goals and motivations\nand with knowledge of and respect for humanitarian principles.\n\n\nHowever, a continuing challenge is the identification of who does what. Questions\naround who to include in partnerships and what their roles should be continue to arise. A\nsystematic recognition of the capacity of partners who may be able to affect change in a\nmeaningful way is still lacking. Thoughtful consideration should be given to non-traditional\npartners; for example, the variety of potential opportunities from universities, private sector\nfoundations, and individuals working for corporate institutions.\n\n\nDocumentation and the institutionalization of research and best practices\nshould be improved. While the process of innovation in different projects is being\ndocumented to some extent, successes, failures, and road blocks should be further mapped\nand recorded- during the process as well as afterwards. Failed partnerships should be\nexamined and learned from, while working partnerships should be shared and better\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "understood. Universities have been key in documenting these successes and failures in the\npast.\n\n\nThe logistics of working with multiple organizations and donors remain a challenge.\nConsideration for who is executing a partnership and how the collaboration is designed and\ndriven will ensure better expectation management in the long run.\n\n\nFlexible funding can allow for more flexible programming. Flexible funding has\nproven helpful to several of the participating organizations, as it allows for more agile and\ncollaborative projects.\n\n\n\"Resilience\" of beneficiary communities has become a shared goal of both the\nhumanitarian and development sphere. This shared goal could be used to bring\ndevelopment and humanitarian actors closer together, allowing for better exchanges of ideas\nand flows of information. This collaboration could also create initiatives that better respond to\nlandscape changes and attract common donors.\n\n### Theme 2: Measuring Impact and Success\n\n\nIn order to measure the impact of innovation, it is important to first define the\ngoals of innovation. Innovation can mean different things to different people and\norganizations. Thus, defining the goals of innovation is a necessary precursor to accurate\nmonitoring and evaluation of the success of innovation projects. It can be complicated to\nestablish clear-cut and consistent objectives; measure them effectively; and clearly document\nand communicate the results. Early and clear articulation of what success means in a specific\norganization or project can help manage perceptions and expectations.\n\n\nAgreement on metrics and common metrics can help to better codify and consolidate\ngood practices in innovation work. Different organizations have created different frameworks\nand metrics to measure success, making it difficult for comparisons across organizations or\nsectors. Agreement across organizations can lead to better monitoring and evaluation\npractices.\n\n\nMeasuring the impact of innovation must also take into account unexpected or\nunintended outcomes, as well as ripple effects of innovation. Success and impact\ncan occur outside the direct outcome of a project, through the eventual embedding of\ninnovative thinking into processes, new measures being introduced, and new partners being\nbrought into the conversation. These benefits can affect the change management process\nitself and can engender a cultural shift in approach to solving problems. In the end, innovation\nshould not be an end itself but rather a process of gradual improvement in how an organization\ndelivers on its mission.\n\n\nMeasuring and testing for impact in humanitarian innovation can encounter\nseveral issues. Measurements should be rigorous and scientific, but issues such as keeping\nvariables apart, attribution and causation, and multivariate outputs complicate monitoring and\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "evaluation efforts. Randomized control tests can create ethical dilemmas, as some\ncommunities are given services while others are not.\n\n### Theme 3: Developing Strategic Direction\n\n\nInnovation is at a crossroads. Innovation is occurring in a number of disparate, as well as\ncomplementary, directions. Agreed-upon key principles and an outline for innovation in the\nhumanitarian sphere can potentially lead to an easier path for collaboration, support and better\ninformed partnerships.\n\n\nThe innovation process is as important as the outcome. The best outcomes occur\nwhen the strategic vision of innovation work is consistently kept in mind. The goals of\ninnovation should be identified during strategy and project development, but should also allow\nfor fluidity in the process.\n\n\nLabs have proven to be a useful model (but can come in many forms). Labs whether they are thematic, virtual, or physical \u2013 can provide a safe space for experimentation,\nallow for better focus and provide an avenue for inter-agency cooperation. Physical or virtual\nlabs can also become a hub of creativity, where innovators can share and collaborate on ideas.\n\n\nPrioritization of challenges is a difficult necessity. Innovators, often faced with limited\nresources, must have a clear understanding of their priorities and thematic orientation and be\nwilling to make tough decisions. Moreover, those who are tasked with \u2018innovating\u2019 within an\norganization must be aware that they may not have the full perspective of the challenges and\nopportunities driving innovation in the field, and must be open to disruptive and iconoclastic\nideas.\n\n### Theme 4: Scaling\n\n\nScale is not yet well defined. The goals of scaling need to be articulated and discussed,\nto ensure that scaling is not achieving growth only for the sake of growth. The reasons for\nscaling a particular project must be defined and clarified early in the process.\n\n\nA gap exists in between the pilot and scaling stage. Stakeholders should define\ncriteria by which a pilot is mature enough to be scaled.\n\n\nConsiderations for scaling should include demographic and geographic factors, and an\nunderstanding of the characteristics of different environments. Demonstrating cost\neffectiveness is an important metric when deciding to scale a project; resources should not be\nspent on a project that cannot scale sustainably.\n\n\nIt is important to understand partners and the diverse goals they may have for\nscaling. For instance, government partners require different outcomes and analysis than\ncommunity-based partners; all partners require a certain degree of expectation management.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Scaling can also be an experimental and iterative process. Some things may work\non a large scale but not on a smaller scale, and vice versa. Scaling involves innovation at\nseveral levels in an organization, and depends on people and cultural factors as much as on\nlogistical or budgetary limitations.\n\n\nWhen scaling a particular model, community buy-in, both in the design of the\nscaling as well as throughout the process, is key to success. The broader the buyin, the more the likelihood of successful scaling is increased.\n\n### Theme 5: Inclusive Approaches to Innovation\n\n\nDeveloping an inclusive approach to innovation entails bringing in community opinions\nand placing the users at the centre of design from the beginning of the process.\n\n\nGood ideas can come from anywhere. Solutions can be crowd sourced from all around\nthe world and can originate from diverse locations and stakeholders. Innovation ultimately\ncomes from people, not organizations.\n\n\nOrganizational cultures can create challenges to fostering inclusive approaches.\nIncentives within organizations should encourage a focus on the user throughout project\ndesign, but currently many systems do not. There can be pressure to quickly implement\nprojects rather than taking the time to reach out to user communities.\n\n\nStructural problems can also create challenges in inclusivity. Funding streams may\nbe rigid and do not often allow for the risk of failure. Programming cycles and budgeting can\nalso make inclusive approaches difficult.\n\n\nListening is key. We do not always fully understand the populations we work with and for.\nTo move forward, innovators should listen, better and more carefully, to the populations that we\nwork with and meaningfully involve these populations in identifying challenges and sourcing\nsolutions.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# CONCLUSION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH\n\nDefining success remains a challenge. A dearth of assessment tools, and a lack of\nagreement on indicators of success, makes monitoring and evaluation of innovation difficult for\norganizations. Measuring the efficacy of innovations in serving the end-users is fraught with\ncomplications; there is a need for additional research in this field. Additionally, success is often\nin the eye of the beholder; these different definitions can limit scaling across organizations or\nwith new partners.\n\n\nFunding remains a perennial challenge. The particularities of innovation \u2013 with its\nconsistent pursuit of new approaches and need for flexibility\u2014makes traditional funding\ndifficult, and could make separate or protected budgets the most appropriate funding option in\nsome instances. Organizations like the Humanitarian Innovation Fund and others are taking the\nfirst steps to solve these issues.\n\n\nA lack of documentation of successful processes makes it difficult to refer back to\nbest practices. There is a significant opportunity for organizations and innovators to learn from\neach other, but more and better documentation is required. Better codification and a common\nlanguage of understanding across disciplines and sectors would allow for more collective\nlearning.\n\n\nAdditionally, lack of due diligence can lead to unnecessary failures. Projects may\nnot take into account similar initiatives in the past and the reasons they were not successful.\nThis lack of research can lead to wasted time and money for an organization, and a\ndisenchanted user population.\n\n\nInnovation occurs across systems, processes and products. It is not just knowledge\nsharing and information sharing, but process sharing. Leadership can be valuable in promoting\nthis sharing through an organization; however, it requires buy-in from all levels of the hierarchy.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH\n\nA common set of innovation indicators could be extremely useful for improved\nmonitoring and evaluation of innovation work in the humanitarian and development fields. What\ncan these indicators look like and how can we collectively agree on such a set of indicators?\nHow can they capture the multivariate nature of innovation?\n\n\nWhat does it mean to scale? What is the purpose of scaling? What techniques exist to\nimprove the transition from pilot to \"scale\"? There are frameworks in place at various\norganizations for scaling up, but there has not been a comprehensive evaluation or\ncomparative review of these varied approaches.\n\n\nIn building effective partnerships, how can we best incorporate the private\nsector further, and whom should we innovate with? Opportunities for further private\nsector partnerships exist, but how can and should humanitarian and development\norganizations best work with the private sector?\n\n\nHow can innovation successfully be mainstreamed into humanitarian action?\nHow would this change the humanitarian sphere?\n\nHow can diverse innovation initiatives in different organizations work in\ncomplementary ways? What opportunities are there for collaboration?\n\n\n_Participants discuss good practices at the Innovation Jam._\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "We would like to extend a special thanks to the following participating organizations:\n\n\n - Ashoka\n\n - Biblios San Frontiers\n\n - Department of State BPRM\n\n - Department of State Humanitarian Information Unit\n\n - Development Seed\n\n - Frontline SMS\n\n - Georgetown University\n\n - Grameen Foundation\n\n - Humanitarian Innovation Fund\n\n - InterAction\n\n - International Rescue Committee\n\n - InterNews\n\n - Refugees International\n\n - Save The Children\n\n - Timshel\n\n - Trickle Up\n\n - United Nations Development Program\n\n - UN Global Pulse\n\n - UNHCR\n\n - UNICEF\n\n - UNICEF Innovation\n\n - USAID\n\n - World Food Programme\n\n - UN Foundation\n\n\nWe would like to extend particular thanks to our co-sponsor Georgetown University for\ncontributing in the planning and facilitation of the Innovation Jam and for generously hosting the\nevent. We would also like to thank all of the student volunteers from Georgetown University\nfor their help planning and coordinating the event and for perfect note-taking throughout the\nJam. It is only through their help that this Knowledge Map is possible.\n\nAll photos in this document were taken by Elisabet Diaz Sanmartin.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This report was compiled by UNHCR Innovation and published in March 2014.\n\nIf you have questions or comments,\n\nplease contact us at innovation@unhcr.org.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fcac15c9-deb8-3f33-9b69-7116c340aba2/innovation_jam_knowledge_map.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_821/raw/doc_821_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_821/raw/doc_821_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 63eb6088c147f2f9d23b36b204a7ddd765b4fc21..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_821/raw/doc_821_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1095 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **RETURNS**\n### TO AFGHANISTAN\n# Joint IOM-UNHCR Summary Report 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n**For more information, please contact:**\n\n\n**IOM**\n\n\nEva Schwoerer, Public Information Officer\n\n\neschwoerer@iom.int\n\n\n\n**UNHCR**\n\n\nDonna Kay Corcoran, External Relations Officer\n\n\ncorcoran@unhcr.org\n\n\nMohammad Nader Farhad, Associate Communications and\n\nPublic Information Officer\n\n\n[farhadm@unhcr.org](mailto:farhadm@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n_Cover photo: Afghan refugee families waiting to return home at UNHCR\u2019s voluntary repatriation centre in Chamkani, Peshawar in the_\n\n_Islamic Republic of Pakistan. (UNHCR/S. Rich)_\n\n\nMay 2019\n\n\nKabul, Afghanistan\n\n\n2 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n#### Preface\n\n2018 brought new and daunting challenges to Afghans on the move, seriously affecting the nation\u2019s absorption capacity and the\n\nability of returnees to find sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, one of the worst droughts in living memory struck Afghanistan\n\nand impacted the lives of more than two-thirds of Afghans, devastating the agricultural sector and leaving some 4 million people\n\nacross the country in need of life-saving assistance, including 3.9 million in need of food and livelihoods support. When combined\n\nwith the historic return numbers and the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars in remittance payments from family members abroad, [1]\n\nthe consequences for return and displacement have been stark.\n\n\nEach year, many thousands of Afghans return from the neighbouring Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan and other countries, and\n\nthese returns are impacted by a range of push and pull factors. The sizeable return caseload further burdens the already over\nstretched absorption capacity of local host communities. The primary needs of returning Afghans include food, livelihoods, access to\n\nland, long-term shelter, and access to services including health, education and legal assistance. The Displacement and Return\n\nExecutive Committee (DiREC), set up in 2016, continues to highlight the plight of returning Afghans and seeks their inclusion in\n\nnational development planning and programming.\n\n\nTogether with the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and its Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, the Office of the\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) continue to actively\n\ncoordinate the provision of post-arrival humanitarian and reintegration assistance to returning Afghans.\n\n\nIOM and UNHCR are very pleased to continue to highlight our inter-agency collaboration and issue a joint report for the second\n\nconsecutive year, depicting the challenges faced by returning Afghans and the efforts made on their behalf by UNHCR and IOM.\n\n\nWe take this opportunity to thank our donors for their generous support and partnership.\n\n\n\nCaroline Van Buren\n\n\nUNHCR Representative\n\n\n\nLaurence Hart\n\n\nIOM Chief of Mission and Special Envoy\n\n\n\n1 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2018/09/11/why-economic-turmoil-iran-causing-big-problems-afghanistan\n\nMay 2019 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n#### Contextual Background\n\n\n\n\n\n**Overview of 2018 returns**\n\n\nOver 820,000 Afghans returned from the Islamic\n\nRepublics of Iran and Pakistan in 2018. This includes\n\n13,600 refugees and 32,000 undocumented\n\nreturnees from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and\n\nsome 2,000 refugees and over 770,000\n\nundocumented returnees from the Islamic Republic\n\nof Iran. It is important to note that the figures for\n\nundocumented returns include an unknown number\n\nof Afghans who move back and forth between\n\nAfghanistan and neighbouring countries, particularly\n\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran, for employment, trade,\n\nor other temporary reasons. As such, it is unclear to\n\nwhat extend these figures represent sustainable\n\nreturns or ongoing cross border movements.\n\n\nFollowing the arrival of more than 610,000 refugees and undocumented Afghans in 2017, combined with ongoing conflict and drought\n\nrelated displacement across the country, the country\u2019s capacity to absorb new arrivals remains under significant strain and negative\n\ncoping mechanisms such as remigration are increasingly prevalent.\n\n\nReturns in 2018 took place against a backdrop of increased internal displacement and record numbers of civilian casualties, where\n\nAfghanistan now ranks second behind Syria and ahead of Yemen for the most civilian casualties in the world. [5] Over the course of\n\n2018 just under 370,000 Afghans were newly displaced by conflict, while over 235,000 were forced to leave their homes due to the\n\nongoing drought. [6] The continuing insecurity and limited capacity to absorb returning Afghans and those displaced within Afghanistan\n\nfrequently lead to secondary displacement and onward movement. [7]\n\n\n2 The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran registers refugees in the country. With the exception of refugees in settlements, UNHCR has most recently received only\nthe aggregate number of refugees from the Government in May 2015. Source: _[Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2017, UNHCR](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5943e8a34/global-trends-forced-displacement-2016.html)_ .\n\n3 Following a 6-month registration exercise carried out in Pakistan from August 2017 to February 2018.\n\n4 \u2018Undocumented\u2019 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan refers to Afghans who do not hold PoR cards. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, \u2018undocumented\u2019 refers to Afghans who\nreside irregularly in the country without Amayesh cards or valid visas. The designation as \u2018undocumented\u2019 does not refer to the possession of civil documentation in\nAfghanistan such as Tazkera and/or passports.\n\n[5 Action on Armed Violence, 2018: a year of explosive violence, https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/](https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/)\n\n[6 See: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan)\n\n7 Samuel Hall / NRC / IDMC (2018) _Challenges to IDPs\u2019 Protection in Afghanistan_, commissioned by NRC / IDMC and funded by the European Union and the Norwegian\n[Ministry of Foreign Affairs https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/)\n\n4 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n#### Return Support\n\n\n**Afghan refugee returnees**\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR, in coordination with the Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation\n\n(MoRR) and partners, manages four Encashment Centres (ECs) where\n\nit provides a cash grant of an average USD 200 to each registered\n\nrefugee returnee. The grant aims to cover transportation costs from the\n\nAfghan border and immediate needs upon return. Additional services\n\nprovided at the ECs include basic health assessments and\n\nvaccinations (delivered by Ministry of Public Health supported by WHO\n\nand UNICEF), mine risk awareness (coordinated by the United Nations\n\nMine Action Service and delivered by the Danish Demining Group),\n\ninformation on education, access to land, and procedures to obtain civil\n\ndocumentation, a transit facility for overnight accommodation, and\n\nhygiene kits provided by United Nations Population Fund. At the ECs,\n\n\n\nUNHCR also conducts household level interviews to assess the voluntary nature of returns and to collect data on return trends,\n\nincluding reasons for return and protection risks in the country of asylum and during return movements. Persons with specific needs\n\nare jointly identified by UNHCR and the Directorate of Refugee and Repatriation (DoRR) and referred to service providers for\n\nassessment and assistance. [8]\n\n\nIn addition, UNHCR implements community-based protection initiatives to assist returnees, IDPs and host populations who are\n\nidentified through UNHCR\u2019s protection monitoring to be in need of protection assistance. In 2018 UNHCR assisted over 6,600 persons\n\nwith specific needs, including IDPs, refugee returnees, undocumented returnees, refugees, and members of host communities, with\n\ncash or in-kind protection assistance (which also benefitted some 50,000 persons indirectly). UNHCR provided winterization\n\nassistance (multi-purpose cash grants of USD 200 per family, along with non-food items) to nearly 50,000 vulnerable returnee, IDP\n\nand host community families (350,000 individuals) across 34 provinces while coordinating the winterisation response as lead agency\n\nfor the Emergency Shelter/NFI Cluster.\n\n\n**Undocumented Afghan returnees**\n\n\nIOM continues to lead the humanitarian undocumented returnee\n\nresponse at the four major border crossings with the Islamic Republics\n\nof Iran and Pakistan through a network of IOM built and managed\n\ntransit facilities. In reception centers at the borders, DoRR identifies,\n\nscreens and registers all returning Afghans regardless of status. DoRR\n\nrefers vulnerable undocumented returnees to IOM, who then conduct\n\nassessments and provides immediate humanitarian post-arrival\n\nassistance in IOM Transit Centers. This includes meals,\n\naccommodation, seasonal clothes, psychosocial assistance, basic\n\n\n\nmedical and tuberculosis screening, vaccinations, food and non-food\n\nitems, referrals to specialised services, onward transportation for\n\nspecial cases (including deceased persons), and multi-purpose cash\n\n\n\n\n\ngrants for transportation and NFIs. IOM provides persons with specific needs with tailored protection-sensitive post-arrival\n\nhumanitarian assistance according to their particular needs. As part of its protection programme, IOM provides comprehensive case\n\nmanagement and protection assistance, including reunification of vulnerable returnees in 15 destination areas, unconditional cash,\n\nin-kind assistance and referrals to protection actors for unaccompanied children, single females, female headed households, medical\n\ncases and victims of human rights violations.\n\n\n8 IOM and UNHCR jointly revised the 11 categories of specific needs criteria to include sub-categories to effectively identify vulnerabilities and to better facilitate assistance\nand referral.\n\nMay 2019 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household level interviews", - "confidence": 0.8368690609931946, - "start": 167, - "end": 170 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7953609228134155, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country of asylum", - "confidence": 0.6845018863677979, - "start": 194, - "end": 197 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7335534691810608, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.9296495318412781, - "start": 13, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\nFrom August 2017 to February 2018, the Government of Pakistan\u2019s National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA),\n\nsupported by the Government of Pakistan, IOM and UNHCR, registered over 879,000 undocumented Afghans for Afghan Citizen\n\nCards (ACC) at 21 registration centres. To date 385,000 persons have received ACC cards, which have recently been extended until\n\n30 April 2019.\n\n#### Key Return Trends\n\n\n\n\n\nReturns to Afghanistan in 2018 by Month\n\n\n\n77,648 81,276\n\n\n\n75,349 77,307 75,974 73,232 75,482\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\nRefugee returnees Undocumented returnees\n\n\n\n**In general**\n\n\n - One in four Afghans have been displaced.\n\n - The top five challenges for returnees are food insecurity, shelter,\n\nland, livelihoods and access to services including civil\n\ndocumentation.\n\n - The majority of returnees from Pakistan are from Khyber\n\nPakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan followed by Sindh, Punjab,\n\nIslamabad and Azad Jammu and Kashmir.\n\n\n\nReturn Trends to Afghanistan 2014-2018\n\n\n\n2018\n\n\n2017\n\n\n2016\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n805,877\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRefugee returnees\n\n\nUndocumented returnees (spontaneous and deported)\n\n\n6 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return Trends to Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9611287713050842, - "start": 194, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.834928035736084, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8073534369468689, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014-2018", - "confidence": 0.9997941851615906, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.9035490155220032, - "start": 207, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n**Afghan refugee returnees** [9]\n\n\n - 55% of 2018 returnees and 46% of 2017 returnees surveyed in 2018 are currently living in their province of origin. This is lower\n\nthan the findings from last year, in which 61% of 2017 interviewed returnees confirmed that they were living in their province of\n\norigin.\n\n - Insecurity, lack of shelter, job and economic opportunities are the most-cited reason for not living in the province of origin.\n\n - Over 90% of interviewed returnees stated that they had sufficient information to make an informed decision prior to the return.\n\n - 60% of refugee returnees spent over three decades in Pakistan.\n\n - 22% of refugee returnees from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and 16% from the Islamic Republic of Iran were born in exile. [10]\n\n\n**Undocumented Afghan returnees**\n\n\n - Profiling surveys of undocumented Afghan returnees crossing the border from Pakistan show that 78% intended to return to their\n\nprovince of origin whereas 22% intended to return to different provinces. [11]\n\n - 29% of the undocumented Afghans returning from Iran returned from Tehran, 25% from Fars, 16% from Khorasan Razavi and\n\nthe remaining from other provinces.\n\n - According to IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) flow monitoring activities conducted from February through December\n\n2018, an estimated 604,583 undocumented Afghan returnees were deported or spontaneously returned (373,814 deportees and\n\n230,769 spontaneous returnees), predominately from the Islamic Republic of Iran through Herat and Nimroz border crossings. [12]\n\n - According to IOM screenings at border points, in 2018 the number of unaccompanied children returning to Afghanistan from the\n\nIslamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan reduced slightly from 4,419 in 2017 to 4,005 in 2018. [13]\n\n - IOM\u2019s DTM flow monitoring data suggests that UAC accounted for 3.84% of the total undocumented population returning from\n\nIran \u2013 7.24% at Milak and 1.77% at Islam Qala border crossings.\n\n - IOM assisted 20,735 cases with protection needs from the two countries, of which 14,806 were deportees and 5,929 were\n\nspontaneous returnees. This included 4,005 UAC; 2,143 female-headed households; 511 unaccompanied elderly; 348 physically\n\ndisabled; 194 drug addicts; 119 single females; 31 chronically ill; and 26 mentally ill or severely traumatized.\n\n\nDeported and Assisted Unaccompanied Undocumented Children by Month (2014-2018)\n\n\n1,000\n\n\n\n800\n\n\n600\n\n\n400\n\n\n200\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\n\n[9 Source: UNHCR Returnee and IDP monitoring report, December 2018.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/61725)\n\n10 Source: UNHCR Encashment Centre monitoring.\n\n11 Source: IOM Intention Survey, January 2018.\n\n12 Source: IOM DTM Flow Monitoring Registry.\n\n13 IOM Beneficiary Screening Assessment Database, January 2019.\n\nMay 2019 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Profiling surveys", - "confidence": 0.8576422333717346, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - 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}, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6293675899505615, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5448116064071655, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM flow monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9455322623252869, - "start": 351, - "end": 355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.9183094501495361, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014-2018", - "confidence": 0.5357813835144043, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Returnee and IDP monitoring report", - "confidence": 0.9864860773086548, - "start": 496, - "end": 502 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.853646457195282, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5513303875923157, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8966483473777771, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014-2018", - "confidence": 0.9203080534934998, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Intention Survey", - "confidence": 0.932951033115387, - "start": 520, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.6980809569358826, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7343980669975281, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM DTM Flow Monitoring Registry", - "confidence": 0.8070958256721497, - "start": 530, - "end": 535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5130045413970947, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Beneficiary Screening Assessment Database", - "confidence": 0.9154666066169739, - "start": 537, - "end": 542 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6345678567886353, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n#### Specific Protection Concerns\n\n\nLack of access to basic services, land and land tenure, shelter, and livelihoods remain major obstacles to sustainable return and\n\nreintegration for both refugees and undocumented returnees in Afghanistan.\n\n\n**Afghan refugee returnees** [14]\n\n\n - Approximately 50% of 2018 returnees and 54% of 2017 returnees surveyed in 2018 report skipping a meal or reducing their food\n\nintake in the previous week. This is a dramatic rise from last year's study, which found that only 27% of 2017 returnees (and\n\n39% of 2016 returnees) reported skipping a meal or reducing their food intake.\n\n - 28% of refugee returnees reported that they are unable to access healthcare.\n\n - 5% of 2018 returnees and 4% of 2017 returnees surveyed in 2018 report having a child under 14 years old working in times of\n\nneed to support the family. These estimates are a marked decline from last year\u2019s survey, in which 16% of 2017 returnees (and\n\n18% of 2016 returnees) reported relying on child labor in times of need. [15]\n\n\n**Undocumented Afghan returnees**\n\n\n - 72% of female-headed undocumented households and 51% of male-headed undocumented returnee households reported that\n\nthey had eaten fewer meals in the past week.\n\n - 66% of undocumented returnee children were not going to school in Afghanistan, and 9% of female-headed households and 6%\n\nof male-headed households reported that a child under 14 was working.\n\n - 52% of female-headed households and 44% of male-headed households reported that they were unable to access healthcare,\n\nprimarily because they could not afford the cost. [16]\n\n - Land ownership was rare for undocumented returnees. The highest rate of land ownership was in Ghor, where 18% of\n\ninterviewees owned land, and the lowest was Kandahar and Nimroz with 2%. On average, 10% of undocumented returnees from\n\nother provinces owned land. [17] Roughly 8% of male head-of-households versus 1% of female head-of-households reported to\n\nown land. [18]\n\n\n**# of returnees in 2018**\n##### 821,576\n\n\n**Documented** **Undocumented**\n\n\n\n15,699\n\n\n\n805,877\n\n\n\n# of returnees by country of\nasylum\n\n\n\n\n\nIran\n\n\nPakistan\n\n\nOther\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14 Source: UNHCR returnee monitoring conducted 1-6 months after arrival of the refugee returnees.\n\n15 Interviews for 2018 returnees were conducted by phone 1-6 months following the return.\n\n16 Based on analysis of 3,811 monitoring and evaluation surveys, which included 522 female respondents and 3,289 male respondents. 80% of both men and women\nsaid their lack of access to healthcare was due to the cost.\n\n17 Based on analysis of 17,948 BSAF surveys.\n\n18 Based on analysis of 19234 BSAF surveys, with 16,681 male respondents and 2,553 female.\n\n8 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "returnees surveyed", - "confidence": 0.5055204629898071, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6961384415626526, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8894858956336975, - "start": 260, - "end": 261 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9586482048034668, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8289868831634521, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "returnee monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5855492353439331, - "start": 438, - "end": 440 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.916260838508606, - "start": 437, - "end": 438 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7489184141159058, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "undocumented returnees", - "confidence": 0.5383367538452148, - "start": 322, - "end": 324 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring and evaluation surveys", - "confidence": 0.7741982340812683, - "start": 473, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8012089729309082, - "start": 437, - "end": 438 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7423332929611206, - "start": 397, - "end": 398 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.5376064777374268, - "start": 447, - "end": 449 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "BSAF surveys", - "confidence": 0.9119524359703064, - "start": 518, - "end": 520 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.7014785408973694, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5752158164978027, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n#### Data Collection and Analysis in Afghanistan\n\n\n##### UNHCR\n\n\n\nThrough **protection monitoring** UNHCR systematically and regularly collects, verifies and analyses\n\ninformation over an extended period of time to identify violations of rights and protection risks for IDPs,\n\nreturnees and members of host communities for the purpose of developing effective responses. Protection\n\n\n\nrisk analysis helps to inform the overall humanitarian response and upholds the centrality of protection. UNHCR\u2019s protection\n\nmonitoring is used as a tool for community-based interventions and for interventions aimed at persons with specific needs; it\n\nfurthermore assists UNHCR and partners in the overall programme planning and response, as well as in providing evidence for\n\nadvocacy efforts with the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and development stakeholders. UNHCR is using mobile\n\ndata collection to enhance the analysis of data collected through protection monitoring, to facilitate the categorisation and\n\nsystematisation of evidence, and to develop advocacy and intervention strategies. Analysis of collected data is key for its effective\n\nusage.\n\n\nIn September 2018 UNHCR contracted Orange Door Research to conduct phone interviews with returnees, IDPs, and host\n\ncommunities, as well as persons with specific needs, to identify violations of rights and protection risks for populations of concern,\n\nand to assess the impact, efficiency, and effectiveness of cash grants and other forms of assistance in addressing protection risks\n\nand facilitating sustainable reintegration.\n\n\n**Encashment Center (EC) monitoring** is a component of UNHCR\u2019s overall protection monitoring. EC monitoring is conducted upon\n\nthe arrival of refugee returnees in Afghanistan and aims at identifying return trends, assessing the voluntariness of return, and\n\nidentifying reasons for the decision to return, while also assessing the level of information returnees received pre-departure in\n\ncountries of asylum in order to make a well-informed choice to return home, as well as the conditions and respect for basic rights in\n\nthe country of asylum. It also assists in detecting harassment and human rights violations that will be brought to the attention of\n\nresponsible authorities.\n\n\nUNHCR carries out **protection assessments** of individual cases involving persons with specific needs using a participatory\n\napproach. Home visits are carried out to assess the needs, capacities and vulnerabilities of each individual in order to respond in the\n\nmost appropriate manner, in consultation with the beneficiary and his or her family.\n\n\n\nTo **enhance collaboration with other UN Agencies**, UNHCR has\n\nsigned a data sharing agreement with UN-HABITAT to complement\n\nongoing efforts with regard to the selection of beneficiaries for the\n\nallocation of land for returnees through the Shura Programme. UNHCR\n\nhas a data sharing agreement with the World Bank, which aims to\n\nstrengthen existing return and protection monitoring initiatives and data\n\nanalysis; a joint report was published by the World Bank and UNHCR\n\nin early 2019 providing a detailed analysis of the situation of recent\n\nrefugee returnees. [19] UNHCR has signed a data sharing agreement with\n\nWFP to ensure food assistance to vulnerable returnees through WFP\u2019s\n\nSCOPE program. UNHCR is in the process of developing a similar\n\nagreement with IOM to facilitate data analysis of return trends.\n\n\n\n\n\n19 \u201cLiving Conditions and Settlement Decisions of Recent Afghan Returnees \u2013 Findings from a 2018 Phone Survey of Afghan Returnees and UNHCR Data\u201d, World Bank\nand UNHCR, February 2019 _(pending release)_\n\nMay 2019 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobile\n\ndata collection", - "confidence": 0.6219602227210999, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9763941168785095, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.8578402400016785, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6063864827156067, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6658265590667725, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EC monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5263013243675232, - "start": 285, - "end": 287 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "EC", - "confidence": 0.5992226600646973, - "start": 269, - "end": 270 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9200435876846313, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.9579572081565857, - "start": 293, - "end": 295 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection assessments", - "confidence": 0.8725324273109436, - "start": 386, - "end": 388 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8501487970352173, - "start": 381, - "end": 382 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries of asylum", - "confidence": 0.6278534531593323, - "start": 330, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.8532089591026306, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "joint report", - "confidence": 0.6035358309745789, - "start": 510, - "end": 512 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7161081433296204, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.6094480752944946, - "start": 492, - "end": 494 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8382312655448914, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9293358325958252, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee returnees", - "confidence": 0.5790400505065918, - "start": 532, - "end": 534 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Afghan Returnees and UNHCR Data", - "confidence": 0.998039186000824, - "start": 600, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank\nand UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5862170457839966, - "start": 607, - "end": 611 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9501069188117981, - "start": 613, - "end": 614 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan Returnees", - "confidence": 0.6338031888008118, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n##### UNHCR/IOM\n\n\n\n**Post-return monitoring** : UNHCR and IOM use mobile phone surveys (at the household level)\n\nand focus group discussions (at the community level) to collect real-time data from all returnee\n\npopulations one to six months after the returnees have settled in communities. Comprehensive\n\n\n\nsocio-economic profiling and vulnerability assessments are conducted in selected locations of high return and displacement to design\n\nevidence-based programming for protection and solutions. This is supplemented by interviews with IDPs and the general Afghan\n\npopulation for comparison purposes. This provides UNHCR and IOM with an unparalleled perspective on current returnee population\n\nmobility trends and real-time data regarding assistance needs, protection risks and vulnerabilities, as well as comparative information\n\nfrom a broader cross-section of the population.\n\n\n##### IO IOM\n\n\n\n**Displacement Tracking Matrix** (DTM): IOM\u2019s DTM\n\nis a unique data collection mechanism currently\n\ndeployed in over 40 countries with complex\n\n\n\nhumanitarian emergencies to track and monitor population\n\nmovements, mobility patterns and presence of specific population\n\ncategories and their needs. DTM supports effective and targeted\n\ndelivery of humanitarian and development assistance, as an inter\nagency tool that enables partners to understand the mobility patterns\n\nof IDPs, returnees, and population movement in general. DTM also\n\ntracks the presence of vulnerable groups within communities that\n\nenhances the ability of IOM and its humanitarian and development\n\npartners to target specific, priority areas and provide more efficient\n\nand timely delivery of assistance.\n\n\n\n\n\n**DTM Baseline Mobility Assessment Form** is used to collect settlement-level data on inflows, outflows, locations, and multi-sectoral\n\nneeds of returnee, displaced, migrant and mobile populations, through focus group discussions in each assessed settlement.\n\n\n**DTM Flow Monitoring Registry Form** is used to collect quantitative data on the inflows, outflows, drivers of migration, vulnerabilities\n\nand needs of migrants, returnees and deportees at the key border crossing points.\n\n\n**Beneficiary Selection Assessment Form** is filled out for all persons screened by DoRR who receive IOM assistance at border\n\ncrossing points to identify protection concerns. This includes profiling of beneficiaries\u2019 intended destinations.\n\n\n**Vulnerable Migrant Protection Assessment** is conducted for all persons with specific needs that require protection sensitive\n\nhumanitarian assistance. As part of the comprehensive case management process, this assessment is conducted after successful\n\nfamily tracing and safe reunification in destination areas with family members (or alternative caregivers). This identifies the immediate,\n\nmedium and longer-term needs of vulnerable returnees such as single females, unaccompanied migrant children, female-headed\n\nhouseholds, medical cases or victims of human rights violations. IOM\u2019s protection-sensitive post arrival humanitarian assistance also\n\nprovides referrals to specialist protection actors and in-kind assistance according to the beneficiary\u2019s self-identified priority needs\n\n(typically food, NFIs and civil documentation and livelihood opportunities).\n\n\n**Protection Monitoring** : IOM systematically collects, verifies and analyses data to identify violations of rights and protection risks of\n\nreturnees at the border areas, as well as areas of final destination to enhance the response. This includes protection monitoring of\n\npopulations of concern, protection monitoring missions, (internal and inter-agency) at each of the four major border crossings and\n\nareas of final destination for PSNs. Needs assessments identify the manifold protection concerns that arise during the return and\n\nreintegration process amidst evolving nature of complex humanitarian crises. Regular monitoring of individual caseloads is conducted\n\nthrough comprehensive case management for the most vulnerable PSNs in coordination with partners in the field.\n\n\n10 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Post-return monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8015447854995728, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "mobile phone surveys", - "confidence": 0.5331069827079773, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6845731735229492, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.6329768300056458, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9010104537010193, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee\n\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.8767274618148804, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.8062852025032043, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.8310317397117615, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.501543402671814, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Baseline Mobility Assessment Form", - "confidence": 0.9123218655586243, - "start": 277, - "end": 282 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5216752886772156, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee, displaced, migrant and mobile populations", - "confidence": 0.526824414730072, - "start": 301, - "end": 309 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Flow Monitoring Registry Form", - "confidence": 0.9228067994117737, - "start": 321, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5205678939819336, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.5433968305587769, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Beneficiary Selection Assessment Form", - "confidence": 0.9372804164886475, - "start": 362, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DoRR", - "confidence": 0.5946424603462219, - "start": 376, - "end": 377 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Vulnerable Migrant Protection Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8450796604156494, - "start": 401, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable returnees", - "confidence": 0.541667103767395, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.9466455578804016, - "start": 603, - "end": 605 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.929600715637207, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "border areas", - "confidence": 0.8558662533760071, - "start": 554, - "end": 556 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable returnees", - "confidence": 0.5938319563865662, - "start": 464, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n**IOM-UNHCR Collaboration**\n\n\nIn 2019, UNHCR and IOM will finalize a data sharing agreement, while harmonizing all post return monitoring forms with joint\n\nreporting and analysis through an integrated dashboard. In addition, baseline data for reintegration programming and community\n\nselection will be informed by UNHCR protection monitoring and IOM\u2019s DTM. UNHCR and IOM will jointly work on the development\n\nof key indicators for displacement and mobility monitoring tools. Further areas for joint programming will include continuing\n\ncoordination efforts, advocacy and public outreach, cash, and protection referrals.\n\n#### Linking Return to Reintegration\n\n\n\n**UNHCR\u2019s Community Protection Measures (CPMs)** are part of\n\nUNHCR\u2019s multi-year strategy and focus on mitigating protection risks,\n\nboth at the individual and community level. CPMs adopt an integrated\n\ncommunity-based approach to address the protection needs and\n\nidentify solutions for Pakistani refugees (in Khost and Paktika\n\nprovinces), refugee returnees, IDPs, and host communities while\n\nfostering social cohesion, peaceful coexistence and community\n\nresilience. CPMs are area-based and site-specific projects informed\n\nby protection monitoring, baseline socio-economic profiling, and\n\nprotection risk and market analyses. This enables the design of\n\nevidence-based programming to systematically address the protection\n\nrisks and immediate to short- and medium-term needs of populations\n\nof concern. In 2018, UNHCR\u2019s community-based protection measures\n\nsupported 61 communities and over 500,000 individuals, both directly\n\nand indirectly, including more than 60,000 members of communities\n\nhosting displaced populations.\n\n\n**Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework:** In July 2018, the\n\nGovernment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan officially\n\nannounced its decision to formally support the Comprehensive\n\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF). The application of the CRRF\n\nin Afghanistan will contribute to bringing national strategies and\n\nframeworks in line with practical plans through a whole of community\n\napproach, while ensuring implementation and monitoring in the\n\nprovinces under close government leadership. Broadly, the CRRF\n\nseeks to ease pressure on host countries, enhance refugee self\nreliance, expand access to third country solutions, and support\n\nconditions in countries of origin for return in safety and dignity.\n\n\n\n\n\nMay 2019 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "post return monitoring forms", - "confidence": 0.9620546698570251, - "start": 32, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7338846325874329, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.558600127696991, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6299695372581482, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CPMs", - "confidence": 0.951698899269104, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7060309648513794, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8306044340133667, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Pakistani refugees", - "confidence": 0.8463347554206848, - "start": 170, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n**Promoting Migration and Development through the Engagement of Qualified Afghan Diaspora:** IOM approaches the link\n\nbetween migration and development from the perspective that international migration, if properly managed, can contribute to the\n\ngrowth and prosperity of countries of origin and of destination, as well as benefiting migrants themselves. It therefore harnesses the\n\ndevelopment potential of migration for the benefit of both individual migrants and societies. IOM\u2019s Return of Qualified Afghans (RQA)\n\nprogramme aims at supporting Afghanistan\u2019s development and reintegration process through skills and knowledge transfer by\n\nfacilitating the return of skilled and qualified members of the Afghan diaspora. IOM started its RQA programme in 2001 and, as of\n\n2018, has facilitated the permanent or temporary return of 1,665 Afghans from 29 countries.\n\n\n**IOM\u2019s 4-year Reintegration Assistance and Development for Afghanistan (RADA) programme** is being implemented in eight\n\nprovinces of high return and internal displacement at the community and individual level and targets over 30,000 vulnerable Afghans.\n\nActivities are implemented on the individual, community and institutional level across 8 provinces \u2013 Kabul, Herat, Nangarhar, Balkh,\n\nKandahar, Baghlan, Laghman and one final province to be decided based on needs \u2013 with five different sets of activities. RADA\n\nincorporates technical assistance and capacity building for MoRR and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA); community\n\ndevelopment projects; in-kind grant assistance to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs); post-arrival reception assistance to\n\nreturning migrants from Europe; and technical and vocational training courses.\n\n\nImportantly, UNHCR\u2019s CPMs and IOM\u2019s RADA programme focus on **strengthening the humanitarian-development-peace nexus**\n\nby fostering linkages with development partners, including the private sector, for continuum to long-term development and\n\nsustainability. The CPM and RADA programmes are aligned to the Displacement and Return Executive Committee (DiREC) national\n\naction plan, the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANDPF, 2017-2021), relevant National Priority Programs,\n\nand the One UN framework. Through innovation programming such as Code4Fun and MADE51 UNHCR supports women and youth\n\nempowerment including explicit focus on addressing sexual and gender-based violence. UNHCR\u2019s cross border programming \u2013\n\nSupport for Self-Reliance (S4S initiative) \u2013 is built on the human capital of returnees and capitalizes on their knowledge and skills to\n\nfoster self-reliance.\n\n\n12 May 2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n#### Planning Scenarios for 2019\n\n\n**Afghan refugee returnees**\n\n\n\nRETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\nBased on 2018 return trends, UNHCR has budgeted for the return of 60,000 registered Afghan refugees in 2019, mainly from the\n\nIslamic Republic of Pakistan, but with smaller numbers expected from the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries. However, this\n\nfigure depends on a number of factors, including the situation in the two main countries of asylum and the security environment in\n\nAfghanistan. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has extended PoR cards for Afghan refugees until 30 June 2019.\n\n\n**Undocumented Afghan returnees**\n\n\nIOM is projecting a return from Pakistan in 2019 of 50,000 ACC card holders in line with recent discussions between the Islamic\n\nRepublics of Afghanistan and Pakistan under the Afghanistan-Pakistan Action Plan for Peace and Solidarity (APAPPS) forum, with\n\nfurther undocumented return figures to be negotiated through upcoming talks. All returning undocumented Afghans from Pakistan\n\nare in need of humanitarian assistance, as well as transitional and recovery to support sustainable reintegration. In addition, IOM is\n\nprojecting a return of roughly 570,000 undocumented Afghans from the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2019. IOM estimates that 20% of\n\nthese returnees from the Islamic Republic of Iran (or 114,000 persons) will be in need of assistance, as detailed in the Afghanistan\n\nHumanitarian Response Plan 2019-2021.\n\n#### Additional Resources\n\n\n**IOM Afghanistan**\n\n1. IOM Afghanistan Website\n\na. [Weekly Situation Update on Return of Undocumented Afghans from Iran and Pakistan](http://afghanistan.iom.int/pakistan-returns)\n\n2. [IOM Humanitarian Compendium](https://humanitariancompendium.iom.int/)\n\n3. [IOM Afghanistan Displacement Tracking Matrix Website](http://www.globaldtm.info/afghanistan/)\n\n4. [IOM Afghanistan Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/iomafghanistan/)\n\n5. [IOM Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/IOMAfghanistan)\n\n6. [IOM Afghanistan Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/iomafghanistan/)\n\n\n**UNHCR Afghanistan**\n\n1. [UNHCR Afghanistan data portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/afg)\n\n2. [Humanitarian Data Exchange: UNHCR Afghanistan data](http://data.humdata.org/organization/unhcr-afghanistan?sort=metadata_modified+desc)\n\n3. [UNHCR Global Focus \u2013 Afghanistan](http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/4505)\n\n4. [UNHCR Population Statistics Database](http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/overview)\n\n5. [UNHCR Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/unhcrafg?lang=en)\n\n\n**Other Useful Resources**\n\n1. [Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2017](https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2017/)\n\n2. [World Migration Report 2018](https://www.iom.int/wmr/world-migration-report-2018)\n\n3. [IOM\u2019s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre](https://gmdac.iom.int/)\n\n4. [IOM Framework on Resolution of protracted displacement scenarios](https://www.iom.int/progressive-resolution-displacement-situations)\n\n5. [New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants](http://refugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration)\n\n6. [Global Compact on Migration](https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration)\n\n7. 2019-2021 Humanitarian Response Plan for Afghanistan\n\n\nMay 2019 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Afghanistan Displacement Tracking Matrix Website", - "confidence": 0.828335165977478, - "start": 313, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8685210347175598, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e433c38-6a3b-3034-a516-5ad4dc032e47/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_report_final_24jun_2019english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_822/raw/doc_822_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_822/raw/doc_822_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4751b8fed447823c8f29519ba599eb21fe144ed3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_822/raw/doc_822_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,337 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646**\n\n\n# 2018\n\n\n###### **\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0631**\n\n\n###### **\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a (IOM)**\n\n\n\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\n\n\neschwoerer@iom.int\n\n\n\n2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n**\u06cc\u062f:\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628**\n\n\n**\u06a9\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 (UNHCR)**\n\n\n\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\n\n\ncorcoran@unhcr.org\n\n\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\n\n\n[farhadm@unhcr.org](mailto:farhadm@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n) _UNHCR/S. Rich_ (\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a.\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06cc _UNHCR_ \u0644\u06cc \u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u062f: \u0641\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0648\n\n\n2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n2 2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n#### **\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647**\n\n\n\n\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06442018\n\n\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\n\n\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f4\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 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\u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a\n\n\n\n\u0631\u0646 \u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0646 \u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\n\n\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\n\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\n\n\n\n[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2018/09/11/why-economic-turmoil-iran-causing-big-problems-afghanistan](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2018/09/11/why-economic-turmoil-iran-causing-big-problems-afghanistan) 1\n\n2019\u0645\u06cc 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631", - "confidence": 0.5294402241706848, - "start": 70, - "end": 72 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.729095458984375, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc", - "confidence": 0.8048180937767029, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631", - "confidence": 0.7202303409576416, - "start": 189, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646", - "confidence": 0.6617954969406128, - "start": 194, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6100583672523499, - "start": 295, - "end": 296 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n#### **\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647**\n\n\n\n\n\n**2018\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644**\n\n\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442018 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632820,000\n\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\n\n\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064413,600\n\n2,000 \u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 32,000\n\n\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632770,000\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0646\n\n\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628 .\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\n\n\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\n\n\u06cc \u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\n\n\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627 \u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0698\u0647 \u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u060c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u060c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\n\n\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0633\u062a \u06cc \u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\n\n\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u062d\u062f \u0627\n\n.\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\n\n\n\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442017 \u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f 610,000\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632\n\n\u0628\u0647\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u060c\u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\n\n.\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\n\n\n\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442018\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\n\n\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632370,000 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06442018 [5] \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627.\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\n\n\u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a . [6] \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0622 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632235,000\n\n[7] \u0628\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc.\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0634\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628\n\n\n\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0622 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644.\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647UNHCR 2\n\n_[Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2016](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5943e8a34/global-trends-forced-displacement-2016.html)_ - \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a:. \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639UNHCR \u060c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc2015\n\n\n\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc2018 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a2017 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u06326 3\n\n\n\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 ) \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u2019\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u2018 ( \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645PoR \u2019\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u2018 4\n\n\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u2019\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u2018 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\n\n.\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\n\n\n[Action on Armed Violence, 2018: a year of explosive violence, https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/](https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/) 5\n\n\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan) 6\n\n\nSamuel Hall / NRC / IDMC (2018) _Challenges_ _to IDPs\u2019 Protection in Afghanistan_, commissioned by NRC / IDMC and funded by 7\n[the European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/) https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to\n[next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/)\n\n\n4 2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n#### **\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a**\n\n\n**\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646**\n\n\n\n\n\n\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u060cUNHCR\n\n\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c MoRR) \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0627(\n\n\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637200\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647\n\n\u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 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}, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n#### **\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a**\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442018**\n\n\n\n77,648 81,276\n\n\n\n75,349 77,307 75,974 73,232 75,482\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\nRefugee returnees\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062fUndocumented returnees\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\n\n\n\n805,877\n\n\n\n2018\n\n\n2017\n\n\n2016\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n**\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a 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\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 .\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a80 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u0646 \u06483\u060c289 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644522\u06cc \u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u06323\u060c811\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 16\n\n\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc 17\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644948 17\n\n\u0632\u06462\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648553 16\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627681 19\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633234 18\n\n8 2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0633\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647", - "confidence": 0.5677065253257751, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646", - "confidence": 0.5278514623641968, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6803093552589417, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO 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\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639 (\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc) \u0631\u0627\n\n\n\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442018 \"\u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0622 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f- 19\n\n\u0646\u0634\u0631) (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc2019 \"\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648UNHCR UNHCR\n\n2019\u0645\u06cc 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.6038817763328552, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631", - "confidence": 0.5062892436981201, - "start": 777, - "end": 779 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc 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\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\n\n\n\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062fCRRF \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0646.\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\n\n\n\u06cc \u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc \u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\n\n\n\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0648\n\n\n\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\n\n\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc \u06cc\u0645\u060c\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u060c\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647CRRF\n\n\n\u06cc\u062a \u060c\u0633\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\n\n\n\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a.\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc \u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0627\n\n\n\n\n\n10 2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0637\u0631\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647", - "confidence": 0.5471833348274231, - "start": 213, - "end": 215 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u06cc\u0628 IOM\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f: **\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u062a\u0631\u0648**\n\n\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc 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\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06ccPoR\n\n.\u062a\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a 2019\n\n\n2019\u0645\u06cc 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2018 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n**\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9**\n\n\n\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646- \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06442019 IOM\n\n\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9) \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631( \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646ACC\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646 50,000\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u060c\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc .\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\n\n\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06442019 \u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f570,000\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u060c\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647IOM.\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\n\n\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u060c )\u062a\u0646 114,000 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0646( \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u064720 .\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062aIOM\n\n\"\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a .2021-2019\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\"\n\n### **\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628**\n\n\n**\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647IOM**\n\n\nIOM Afghanistan Website .1\n\n[Weekly Situation Update on Return of Undocumented Afghans from Iran and Pakistan](http://afghanistan.iom.int/pakistan-returns) .a\n\n[IOM Humanitarian Compendium](https://humanitariancompendium.iom.int/) .2\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Displacement Tracking Matrix Website](http://www.globaldtm.info/afghanistan/) .3\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/iomafghanistan/) .4\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/IOMAfghanistan) .5\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/iomafghanistan/) .6\n\n\n**\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646** **\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647UNHCR**\n\n\n[UNHCR Afghanistan data portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/afg) .1\n\n[Humanitarian Data Exchange: UNHCR Afghanistan data](http://data.humdata.org/organization/unhcr-afghanistan?sort=metadata_modified+desc) . 2\n\n[UNHCR Global Focus \u2013 Afghanistan](http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/4505) .3\n\n[UNHCR Population Statistics Database](http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/overview) .4\n\n[UNHCR Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/unhcrafg?lang=en) .5\n\n\n**\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0641 \u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u062f**\n\n\n[Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2017](https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2017/) .1\n\n[World Migration Report 2018](https://www.iom.int/wmr/world-migration-report-2018) .2\n\n[IOM\u2019s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre](https://gmdac.iom.int/) .3\n\n[IOM Framework on Resolution of protracted displacement scenarios](https://www.iom.int/progressive-resolution-displacement-situations) .4\n\n[New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants](http://refugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration) .5\n\n[Global Compact on Migration](https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration) .6\n\n2019-2021 Humanitarian Response Plan for Afghanistan .7\n\n\n12 2019\u0645\u06cc\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Humanitarian Compendium", - "confidence": 0.6797897815704346, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7948333621025085, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Migration Report 2018", - "confidence": 0.7859536409378052, - "start": 331, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.5213209390640259, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6931015253067017, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8188067674636841, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a98eefc-ebaf-3c00-b450-de75a1f18322/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun2019dari.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_823/raw/doc_823_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_823/raw/doc_823_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 89274fdb5b02413921a994ee60d15d30aa411b10..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_823/raw/doc_823_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,240 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# 2018\n\n\n## **\u062f\u0644 \u06d0\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646**\n\n\n###### \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0648 \u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644 (IOM) \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0693\u06cc\u06cd \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0689 \u062f \u06a9 \u062f \u0646\n\n\n###### \u0632 \u0689\u06cc \u06ab\u0689 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0646 (UNHCR) \u06d0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0689\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062f\u0644 \u06cc \u06d0\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n\n**\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06ab\u0646 \u067c\u06cc \u0626\u0693\u06a9 :\u0693\u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0626\u0693 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0644 \u0632**\n\n\n\n**)( \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646IOM\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cd \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0689 \u062f \u06a9 \u0693\u06cc \u0646**\n\n\n\u06d0 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0631 \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u0647 : \u0622\u063a\u0644\n\n\neschwoerer@iom.int\n\n\n\n**( \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (UNHCR\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648 \u06ab \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0644**\n\n\n\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0693\u06cc \u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u0647: \u0622\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\n\n\ncorcoran@unhcr.org\n\n\n\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644 \u069a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f :\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0693\u06cc/\u062f \u0627\n\n\n[farhadm@unhcr.org](mailto:farhadm@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n\u062f\u064a\u061b\u06d0 \u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06d0 \u062f\u0648 \u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0628\u06d0 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06d0 \u062f\u0646 \u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0647\u069a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648 _UNHCR_ \u06d0 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0689\u0631\u0648 \u06ab \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u06cd \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0689 : \u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u069a \u0648\u0631 \u0681 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\n\n_( UNHCR/S. Rich)_ \u0648\u0631.\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u06d0\u069a \u067e\u0685\n\n\n\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u0645\n\n\n\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\n\n\n2 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n\u062f\u0644 \u06d0 \u06d0 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n#### **\u0632\u0647 \u06cc \u0633\u0631**\n\n\n\n\u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0630\u0628\u06d0 \u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u062f \u06ab\u0631\u0685 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632 UNHCR \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\n\n\n\n\u067c \u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0633\n\n\u06cc\u06ab\u0693\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646 \u0681 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0626 IOM \u062f\n\n\n\n[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2018/09/11/why-economic-turmoil-iran-causing-big-problems-afghanistan](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2018/09/11/why-economic-turmoil-iran-causing-big-problems-afghanistan) 1\n\n\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062f\u0644 \u06cc \u06d0\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** 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Forced Displacement in 2016](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5943e8a34/global-trends-forced-displacement-2016.html)_ - UNHCR \u0646\u0647 \u06cc:. \u0633\u0631\u0686\u0693\u06cc \u06cc\u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0645\n\n\n\u06cc.\u0681 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cd \u06d0 \u0627\u0634\u062a \u06cc \u062f \u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0633\u062a \u06ab \u062f \u0627 \u06d0 \u0627\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0647 \u0685 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f7\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc \u0686\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u06ab \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06f6\u06d0 \u06a9\u0646 \u06cc 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\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u064a \u06ab \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u060c\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0689\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u06a9\n\n\n[Action on Armed Violence, 2018: a year of explosive violence, https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/](https://aoav.org.uk/2019/2018-a-year-of-explosive-violence/) 5\n\n\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan) 6\n\n\nSamuel Hall / NRC / IDMC (2018) _Challenges to IDPs\u2019 Protection in Afghanistan_, commissioned by NRC / IDMC and funded by 7\n[the European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/) https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to\n[next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/](https://www.nrc.no/resources/reports/escaping-war-where-to-next-the-challenges-of-idp-protection-in-Afghanistan/)\n\n\n4 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 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\u062f\u06f1\u06f1 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u062d\u06d0 \u062fPSN\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u067e\u0647 UNH \u0627\u0648CR IOM 8\n\n\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0631", - "confidence": 0.7665703296661377, - "start": 88, - "end": 89 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.5631069540977478, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062f\u0644 \u06cc \u06d0\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n#### **\u06d0 \u062f\u0646 \u06cc \u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646**\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u06ab\u0693\u064a\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a** **\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u0647\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8\u06d0\u06a9**\n\n\n\n77,648 81,276\n\n\n\n75,349 77,307 75,974 73,232 75,482\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n\n\nRefugee returnees\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u0689\u0648\u0627\u0644 Undocumented returnees\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a 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\u0627\u062e 18\n\n8 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "RETURNS TO AFGHANISTAN IN 2018\n\n\n\n\u062f\u0644 \u06d0 \u06d0 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n\n\n\n\n\u060c **\u06d0 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0693 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u06cd \u062f \u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0648 \u06ab \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644** UNHCR\n\n\u062f\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0646 \u0693\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0693\u06cc \u06a9 \u0648\u0685 \u062a\u0631 \u06cc 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\u062fUNHCR\u06d0 \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u067c \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8 \u2013\u06d0\u0646\u06ab \u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06d0\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u201c\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064619\n\n\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM", - "confidence": 0.6580327153205872, - "start": 595, - "end": 596 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062f\u0644 \u06cc \u06d0\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n\n\u062e\u0647 \u0685 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u06cc \u0648\u0685 \u062a\u0631 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0644\u0648\u064a \u06cc \u067c\u060c\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u060c\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u062f\u0648 \u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u06cc\u0633 \u06d0\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u067c\u06cc \u0648\u0644 \u0689 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f 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"source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u062f\u0644 \u06cc \u06d0\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 **\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8** \u067e\u0647\n\n\n**\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u06d0\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646**\n\n\n\u0646\u06cc \u064a\u0693\u06a9 . \u062f\u062f\u0644 \u06d0 \u062a\u062e\u0645( \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064aACC) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u06f5\u06f0\u060c\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0647 \u0685 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 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\u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\n\n\u06f1\u06f1\u06f4\u060c\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 (\u06f2\u06f0 \u0628\u0647\u066a\u06cd \u062e\u0647 \u0685 \u0646\u06cc \u064a\u0693\u06a9 \u06d0\u0686 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0644 \u06d0 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u06f5\u06f7\u06f0\u060c\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0647 \u0685 \u06d0\u062f\u0696\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc \u062f \u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631IOM\n\n\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u069a \u06cc\u062f . \u06d0\u06a9 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1- \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0681 \u06d0\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc) \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a \u06ab\u0693 \u0648\n\n### **\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0686\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631**\n\n\n**\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646** \u060c **\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647IOM\u062f**\n\n\nIOM Afghanistan Website .1\n\n[Weekly Situation Update on Return of Undocumented Afghans from Iran and Pakistan](http://afghanistan.iom.int/pakistan-returns) .a\n\n[IOM Humanitarian Compendium](https://humanitariancompendium.iom.int/) .2\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Displacement Tracking Matrix Website](http://www.globaldtm.info/afghanistan/) .3\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/iomafghanistan/) .4\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/IOMAfghanistan) .5\n\n[IOM Afghanistan Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/iomafghanistan/) .6\n\n\n**\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646** \u060c **\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647UNHCR\u062f**\n\n\n[UNHCR Afghanistan data portal](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/afg) .1\n\n[Humanitarian Data Exchange: UNHCR Afghanistan data](http://data.humdata.org/organization/unhcr-afghanistan?sort=metadata_modified+desc) . 2\n\n[UNHCR Global Focus \u2013 Afghanistan](http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/4505) .3\n\n[UNHCR Population Statistics Database](http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/overview) .4\n\n[UNHCR Afghanistan Twitter](https://twitter.com/unhcrafg?lang=en) .5\n\n\n**\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06d0 \u0648\u0631 \u06ab\u067c \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0631 \u0646 \u0693\u0627**\n\n\n[Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2017](https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2017/) .1\n\n[World Migration Report 2018](https://www.iom.int/wmr/world-migration-report-2018) .2\n\n[IOM\u2019s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre](https://gmdac.iom.int/) .3\n\n[IOM Framework on Resolution of protracted displacement scenarios](https://www.iom.int/progressive-resolution-displacement-situations) .4\n\n[New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants](http://refugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration) .5\n\n[Global Compact on Migration](https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration) .6\n\n2019-2021 Humanitarian Response Plan for Afghanistan .7\n\n\n12 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645\u06d0\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Humanitarian Compendium", - "confidence": 0.5933941006660461, - "start": 243, - "end": 246 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646", - "confidence": 0.8717625737190247, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Afghanistan data portal", - "confidence": 0.9832286834716797, - "start": 302, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9121654033660889, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Population Statistics Database", - "confidence": 0.5680566430091858, - "start": 336, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cdee1c61-8753-3231-85e4-cc521e7903b3/iom_unhcr_2018_joint_return_reportfinal_24_jun_2019pashtu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_824/raw/doc_824_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_824/raw/doc_824_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d0c82c6dac0131f2c680ac4ae1d8c66934a74d00..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_824/raw/doc_824_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,205 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Quarterly Joint Analysis Workshop (JAW) \u2013 South West State** _(online)_\n\n\n**Somalia Protection Monitoring System, Quarter 1; January-March 2022**\n\n\n**Wednesday, 13 April 2022 from 9:30 am-12:15 pm.**\n\n\n**Workshop Report**\n\n\n**Objectives and Methodology**\n\n1. Agree on the validity and relevance of the findings\n2. Identify the causes and triggers of the key protection concerns, connectors/dividers, and coping\n\nmechanism\n3. Agree on actions to be taken by relevant stakeholders, including:\n\na. Adjustments in the response and protection programming\nb. Advocacy messages and actions\n\n\nThe following methodology was applied:\n\n - PowerPoint Presentation with an overview of validation of findings\n\n - Group break-out sessions\n\n - Plenary decision-making process\n\n - Q&A\u2019s an open-ended discussion\n\n\n**SPMS Background**\nThe purpose of the Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS) is the systematic and regular collection\nand analysis of information over an extended period to identify trends and patterns of violations of rights\nand protection risks for populations of concern to inform effective programming and advocacy. Data\ncollection in South West State started in March 2019.\n\n\nThe Joint Analysis Workshops have as aim to reflect on findings and agree on validity. As best practice,\nthe JAW is preceded by a community preparation meeting, with the same aim. The inputs of community\nmembers are considered in the JAW, organized with key stakeholders active in the relevant state. The\nseparation of stakeholders and community reflection meetings is to ensure community members feel\nuninhibited in sharing opinions and recommendations.\n\n\n\n**Headline Protection Trends**\nThe Danish Refugee Council (DRC), in partnership\nwith the Protection Cluster and facilitation support\nfrom AMARD, conducted a two-hour online\nworkshop to discuss findings from data collected\nthrough the SPMS in South West State in the\nperiod January to March 2022.\n\n\nThe participants also engaged in group work and\nwere divided into three groups. Each group\ndiscussed one protection concern. Below are the\nkey outcomes from the discussions.\n\n\nThe discussions focused on the following guiding\nquestions:\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9862610697746277, - "start": 22, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9673512578010559, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9472538232803345, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5375693440437317, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9505738615989685, - "start": 168, - "end": 172 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9370576739311218, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South West State", - "confidence": 0.8762771487236023, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6363213658332825, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9876195192337036, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South West State", - "confidence": 0.997215986251831, - "start": 342, - "end": 345 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5734373927116394, - "start": 351, - "end": 352 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Do you agree with the **validity** and **relevance** of the findings?\n\n`o` What are the **causes** and **triggers** of the identified violation?\n\n`o` What are **recommendations** that are needed for program adaptation based on the findings?\n\n\n**Group 1: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)**\nFGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and women, and comprises all procedures that involve\npartial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or another injury to the female genital organs for\nnon-medical reasons. [1]\n\nThe group collectively agreed on the validity and relevance of the findings, agreeing that FGM is a major\nprotection concern in South-West State. The group reflected and acknowledged that despite many efforts\nto raise awareness on the negative health consequences of the practice, the effect is limited because of\nhow deep rooted the practice is.\n\n_Causes and Triggers_\n\n`o` FGM is understood to be a religious belief, and has a cultural history in Somalia.\n\n`o` There is a community belief that if a girl is not circumcised, this will affect her ability to marry.\n\n`o` Financial benefits associated with the practice; it is a source of livelihood/income for the\n\npractitioners and due to this some women may advocate for it.\n\n`o` Participants listed ignorance and lack of awareness. This is due to lack of information, especially in\n\npastoral communities.\n\n`o` Lack of sufficient focus on the subject by duty bearers in advocacy and community engagement\n\nneeded to tackle such kind of practice.\n\n`o` Inefficient targeting by NGOs (especially women organizations); focused on urban areas (cities)\n\nwhere they should target adult women, girls, and elders in rural and hard to reach areas.\n\n`o` A communication barrier exists as a result of Information and Education Communication (IEC)\n\nmaterials being written mostly in English.\n\n_Recommendations_\n\n`o` To allocate resources specifically for countering FGM as a practice, as well as to support those\n\nwho have been subjected to it.\n\n`o` Awareness-raising to be enhanced and formulated in an accessible manner for the overall\n\ncommunity, aiming to inform all community members and inspire widespread behavior change not only those in reach of religious leaders and women groups.\n\n`o` Development of national-levelly level policy and regulations against FGM, and ensuring\n\nenforcement by government, especially lawmakers.\n\n`o` National and local organizations to be supported in their advocacy and information sharing within\n\nthe community. This should include training specifically for women and protection organizations.\n\n`o` Educational curriculum adjustments for all education levels and madrasahs, to include FGM and\n\nits harmful consequences, inspiring behavior and attitude change from a young age.\n\n`o` Harmonization of National level (Federal Government of Somalia) and State level Gender and\n\nWomen Affairs Ministries to take their respective responsibilities and systematically tackle FGM.\n\n\n1 [www.afro.who.int/health-topics/female-genital-mutilation](https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/female-genital-mutilation#:~:text=FGM%20is%20a%20violation%20of%20the%20human%20rights,to%20the%20female%20genital%20organs%20for%20non-medical%20reasons.)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Group 2: Family separation**\nFamily Separation in the context of SPMS refers to separation of one or more family members from the\nrest of the family. This would be as a result of circumstances, but not intentional or at their discretion,\nsuch as divorce or other planned separation.\n\nThe group collectively agreed on the validity and relevance on family separation as a protection concern\nin South-West State.\n\n_Causes and Triggers_\n\n`o` Children whose initial/primary cause of separation is abduction and/or recruitment into armed\n\nforces, but managed to escape and are fleeing from armed groups, or have been rescued and\nreleased by government/allied forces. This results in:\n\n - Children associated with armed groups and armed forces (CAAFAG) unable to return, out\nof fear of retaliation from their community or lack of knowledge of their family\u2019s current\nwhereabouts following displacement or migration.\n\n - Abducted/children whose traffickers failed to complete their intention being left in IDP\ncamps by perpetrators. This is especially prevalent when families seek governmental\nsupport to find their children, and perpetrators fear being caught.\n\n`o` Accidental separation due to conflict-induced displacement. Children, especially those with\n\ndisabilities, may be unable to keep up during population movements or otherwise get lost during\nthe chaos of flight.\n\n`o` (Arbitrary) detention of children or one or both caregivers. Most common reason for detention is\n\nsuspicion of association with non-state armed groups. Children who are released, as well as\nchildren of caregivers remaining in detention contribute to the number of unaccompanied and\nseparated children (UASC), as they often end up alone in IDP camps or surrounding communities.\n\n - For families on the move, this is an enhanced risk, as detainment often takes place at\ncheckpoints en route.\n\n`o` Children running away from home, as a result of domestic violence or child abuse, as well as girls\n\nrunning to avoid practices like early marriage and/or FGM.\n\n`o` Deliberate/intentional separation may occur when parents, caregivers, or children themselves\n\nmake a conscious decision to separate, whether during or after an emergency/crisis situation.\nUnderlying reasons may be safety and income/livelihood related, or to avoid forced recruitment\nof children. Intentional separations do not always have a negative impact on children (for\nexample, children can be placed in a more beneficial situation like foster/kinship care) or the\nnegative impact may be less than if the family unit remained intact. This type of separation may\nstill be included in SPMS reported occurrences.\n\n\n_Recommendations_\n\n`o` Address root causes of voluntary separation by improving access to services to vulnerable\n\nfamilies/caregivers and children at risk to be able to effectively prevent separation in future.\n\n`o` Information dissemination within affected/at risk communities on available comprehensive Case\n\nManagement services, including referral pathways and focal points, and risks associated with\nfamily separation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Child headed households in IDP sites/settlements and children living on their own on the street\n\nshould be prioritized in advocacy and programming, including to address access to basic services,\nand FTR.\n\n`o` Enhance coordination and basic training for camp management actors and community-camp\n\nmanagement committees to support in identification of all UASC in IDP settlements and\ncommunities to ensure documentation and proper case management of those cases.\n\n`o` Child protection actors to conduct assessments to understand the specific protection needs and\n\nconsider community consultations in project design/planning to align the intended intervention\nbased on the needs of the community.\n\n`o` Train Community-Based Child Protection Committees on Humanitarian Principles, Child\n\nProtection Minimum Standards, Case Management, FTR, and IDTR and support them to play a\nvital role to identify, refer, support tracing as well as family reunification.\n\n`o` Case Management teams to link with local mechanisms for reporting separation by setting up a\n\nnetwork of stakeholder (CP advocates) ranging from local NGOs, authorities, clan leaders, and\ncommunity leaders in line with guidance from Somalia Case Management SOPs.\n\n`o` Through guidance and leadership from the CP AoR, agencies working on FTR/Identification,\n\nDocumentation, Tracing, and Reunification (IDTR) case management should design and target\nidentification of vulnerable children (at risk of separation) and respond to their specific needs in\nline with Somalia Case Management SOPs, especially on IDTR for UASC.\n\n`o` Case Management should be implemented by trained staff, including specifically trained on\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunification (FTR).\n\n`o` Establishing/strengthening a referral system specific to UASC identification, with follow up and\n\ninterim care, tracing and reunification support.\n\n\n**Group 3: No access to justice**\nAccess to justice is defined in two phrases, the first emphasizes the \u201caccess\u201d and focuses on the availability\nof resources to help individuals resolve disputes. The second term emphasizes \u201cjustice\u201d and that the\njustice we seek consists of more than exposure to dispute resolution services. Access to justice also\nencompasses lack of said justice, or unequal representation; a form of injustice and discrimination.\n\n\nThe group collectively agreed with the validity and relevance of gaps or lack of access to justice as a\nprotection concern in South West State.\n\n\n_Causes and Triggers_\n\n`o` Weak documentation systems, relying on hand-written and improper filing systems. This results\n\nin inefficient maintenance of records and handover to new/different court staff, affecting the\nability to follow up on filed complaints or build a precedence system.\n\n`o` Traditional practices supersede the governmental justice system, which may lead to\n\nrepercussions from traditional leaders if communities do seek access to formal justice.\n\n`o` Low or lack of enforcement of legal frameworks and overall rule of law.\n\n`o` Lack of a clear or known legal framework, seen by participants to be the result of 30 years of\n\nconflict and weak governmental systems. This also affects community opinions of a weak\ngovernment system, especially the judiciary.\n\n`o` There is a lack of confidence overall in the justice system, linked to a perceived lack of fairness\n\nand accountability.\n\n`o` Low literacy rates.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "records", - "confidence": 0.5143527984619141, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Lack of placing importance on justice, where communities\u2019 focus on survival prevailed due to\n\nthe context of long-term conflict, insecurity, recurrent drought, and associated displacement\nand migration.\n\n\n_Recommendations_\n\n`o` Build the capacity of government institutions with a specific focus on the judicial system, focusing\n\non transparency, equality, and fairness.\n\n`o` Conduct information dissemination sessions to enhance community understanding of rights, as\n\nwell as avenues to achieve justice and complaints mechanisms.\n\n`o` Strengthen legal aid, especially for women and children.\n\n`o` Advocate for a specific legal doctrine to include rules, procedural steps, and terms of\n\nimprisonment for perpetrators of sexual offenses.\n\n\n**Key Messages and Action Planning**\n\nThe purpose of this session was to dive deeper into reported protection risks, by identifying and\nmapping influential stakeholders to engage within efforts to reduce the prevalence of reported risks.\nThe development of key messages is a crucial part of this. For the session, family separation was\nselected as the main emerging protection trend in South-West State.\n\n\nIn preparation, participants were asked to reflect on the three below listed questions and prepare\nmessage suggestions for three target audiences;\n\n - Public sector - government, local authorities, universities, UN, etc.\n\n - Private sector - companies, businesses, etc.\n\n - Civil society - NGOs, rights groups, religious groups, community groups, etc.\n\n\n1. Who are the stakeholders (duty bearers) we need to influence to reduce incidents of family\n\nseparation?\n2. What would be the most powerful message to reduce the risk of family separation to each of\n\nthese stakeholders? What different messages would we have to send to influence each one?\n3. What advocacy methods will work best to influence the stakeholders you have identified?\n\n\n_Key Messages \u2013 Family Separation_\n\n`o` Children suffer indescribable stress when split from their loved ones. Separation can have an\n\nadverse impact and undermines children\u2019s and caregivers\u2019 mental and physical health, and it can\nimpede the development of children. It leaves them more vulnerable to violence, exploitation, and\nabuse.\n\n`o` Most children in Somalia who have been separated from their parents/ caregivers live in IDP\n\nsettlements and predominantly originate from areas most affected by drought and armed\nconflict/insecurity.\n\n`o` There are limited government-led programs and interventions for the most vulnerable families and\n\nchildren in Somalia. There is a need for alternative care arrangements in emergencies to respond\nto family separation incidents, and to engage more with the Ministry of Women and Human Rights\nDevelopment (MoWHRD) at both state and federal levels, to find and reunite missing family\nmembers, as there are inadequate legal systems in place to help separated families find justice.\n\n`o` The Government of Somalia should enforce guidelines that ensure the most suitable care settings\n\nfor children without adequate parental care.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported protection risks", - "confidence": 0.6985211968421936, - "start": 147, - "end": 150 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` There are many underlying challenges separated families face. Among them inadequate shelter and\n\nlack of protection. Governmental programs have funding limitations, and service provision is scarce\nand concentrated in some urban centers. Many rural and pastoralist areas/communities do not\nhave (sufficient) Child Protection responses.\n\n\n_Tactics (Methods):_\n\nPublic Sector\n\n`o` Peaceful demonstrations or lobbying: this involves direct communication with relevant\n\nauthorities who influence to make meaningful decisions, and information sharing between\nstakeholders \u2013 including the international community.\n\n\nPrivate Sector\n\n`o` Participate in private sector forums and functions as advocacy method to increase awareness,\n\nengagement, and strengthen partnerships. Encourage the private sector to jump-start privatesector lead growth and innovations to provide pathways for employment and micro-financing.\nThis to address underlying risks/causes of poverty, inequality, and the use of family separation as\nnegative coping mechanism.\n\n\nCivil Society\n\n`o` Develop and implement family strengthening programs, through participation in relevant working\n\ngroups and forming sector-based community committees (such as Community-Based Child\nProtection Committees), and increasing visibility and information sharing during awareness\nraising campaigns and capacity building sessions to strengthen referral pathways.\n\n_**With**_ _**special**_ _**thanks**_ _**to all facilitators and participants of the JAW.**_\n_**With recognition for SPMS**_ _**partners**_ _**in**_ _**South West State**_ _**who conducted data collection in Q1:**_\n\n\nAgency for Minority Rights and Development (AMARD)\nCommunity Empowerment and Social Development Organization (CESDO)\nDanish Refugee Council (DRC)\nNorthern Frontier Youth League (NoFYL)\nNorwegian Refugee Council (NRC)\nSomali Young Doctors Association (SOYDA)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/81301b49-c16a-486e-88ca-1cb00011228f/joint_analysis_workshop_jaw_report_q1_-_south_west_state_13_april_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_825/raw/doc_825_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_825/raw/doc_825_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2787b0288cdc842e74f7b5efcb8a1bdb877d4343..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_825/raw/doc_825_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||||\n||||||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Joint statement /** October 2011 **Scaling-up the community-based health workforce for emergencies** 2\n\n\n## \uf0e0\n###### **The aim of this joint** **statement is to:**\n\n\uf0da\n**draw attention** to the vital role\nthat the community-based health\nworkforce plays in all phases of\nemergency risk management\n(prevention, preparedness,\nresponse and recovery);\n\n\n\uf0da\n**promote the scale-up** of the\ncommunity-based health\nworkforce by recognizing all those\nwho make up this workforce,\ntraining and equipping them\nfor action at the local level, and\nincluding them in planning for all\ntypes of emergencies;\n\n\n\uf0da\n**encourage** governments and\nsupporting partners to reinforce\nthe community-based health\nworkforce by strengthening and\npreparing existing health systems,\nand providing resources in support\nof local action to reduce health\nrisks and manage emergencies.\n\n\n\n**Community-based actions are critical**\n**in managing emergencies**\n\nCommunity-based actions are the front line of protection\nagainst emergencies \u2013 including disasters and other\ncrises, such as floods, earthquakes, conflict, and\nepidemics or pandemics \u2013 because:\n\n\uf0e0 local knowledge of local risks ensures that the actual\nneeds of the community are addressed;\n\n\uf0e0 local actions prevent risks at the source, by avoiding\nexposure to local hazards;\n\n\uf0e0 a prepared, active and well-organized community can\nreduce risks and the impact of emergencies;\n\n\uf0e0 many lives can be saved in the first hours after an\nemergency before external help arrives.\n\n\n\nCommunity-based actions are becoming more vital as\nemergencies increase in number and frequency, due to\nchanging hazards (e.g. conflicts and the effects of climate\nvariability and change) and growing vulnerabilities (e.g.\nrapid and unplanned urbanization). This has put more\ncommunities at risk, and has challenged the response\ncapacity of national and international actors. In the\npast decade, more than 2.6 billion people have been\naffected by large-scale disasters \u2013 1 billion more than in\nthe previous decade ( _1_ ). A comparative study of global\nand regional databases in Latin America revealed that,\nfor every large-scale disaster, there may be 20 small-scale\ndisasters that are not recorded in global-level statistics\n( _2_ ). At the local level, emergencies affect both rural and\nurban communities on a regular basis. These emergencies\ndirectly threaten the health of communities; for example,\nthrough loss of life, injury, illness and disability. They also\naffect livelihoods, health facilities and essential services,\nthereby increasing emergency-related illness, injury and\ndeath, and putting health workers at risk.\n\n\n_**The people I work with every**_\n_**day see many clouds \u2013**_\n_**international initiatives and**_\n_**plans, but very little rain \u2013 actual**_\n_**change at the front line (3)**_\n# \u201c Global Network of Civil Society\n\n\n\n_**The people I work with every**_\n_**day see many clouds \u2013**_\n_**international initiatives and**_\n_**plans, but very little rain \u2013 actual**_\n_**change at the front line (3)**_\n\n\n\nGlobal Network of Civil Society\nOrganizations for Disaster Reduction\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3 **Joint statement / Scaling-up the community-based health workforce for emergencies**\nOctober 2011\n\n\n\n**Many different groups make up the**\n**community-based health workforce**\n\nThe community-based health workforce comprises\nall those at the community level who contribute to\nbetter health outcomes by promoting health and\nproviding primary health care (PHC) ( _4_ ). This workforce\ntraditionally comes from and works in the community,\nhas relevant cultural and linguistic skills, and can be from\nmigrant communities and populations displaced due to\nemergencies. The community-based health workforce\nincludes:\n\n\uf0e0 community health workers (CHW) who are\nappropriately trained and accredited according to\nnational policy;\n\n\uf0e0 trained volunteers (e.g. those affiliated with the Red\nCross or Red Crescent Societies);\n\n\uf0e0 community-based organizations that promote health\nthrough behaviour change communications, health\neducation and social mobilization;\n\n\uf0e0 actors from key sectors (e.g. water, sanitation\nand hygiene, agriculture, food security, shelter\nand education) that contribute to promoting and\nimproving the health of communities.\n\n\nThe role of this workforce in emergencies will depend\non their level of training and their capacities, national\npolicy and health service delivery, and health-system\nsupport at the community level. In addition to PHC, the\ncommunity-based health workforce is important in all\nphases of emergency risk management. Their skills need\nto be recognized, revitalized and strengthened to manage\nemergencies in hazard-prone communities.\n\n\n**The critical contribution of**\n**the workforce is not routinely**\n**recognized**\n\nDespite the critical contribution of the communitybased health workforce in emergencies, this role is not\nroutinely recognized as a responsibility, addressed in\ncore competencies or included in local and national\nemergency preparedness planning. Even when\ncommunity-based health workers are recognized\nas a part of the health workforce, important career\nelements related to training, supervision, remuneration\nand gender issues are often neglected; this situation\nposes challenges for scaling-up the workforce\u2019s role in\nemergencies. Governments and partners can address\nthese challenges by recognizing the critical contribution\nof all those who make up the community-based health\nworkforce.\n\n\n\n**The community-based health**\n**workforce contributes to healthier,**\n**safer and more resilient communities**\n\nExamples of the critical roles and services provided by the\ncommunity-based health workforce ( _5\u201310_ ):\n\n\n~~**Actions before an emergency**~~\n\n\n\n**For reducing underlying vulnerability and increasing**\n**access to primary health care (PHC):**\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 treat common illnesses such as diarrhoea,\npneumonia, malaria and malnutrition;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 prevent illnesses and improve survival through\nkey family practices (i.e. exclusive breastfeeding\nfor the first 6 months of life, sleeping under\na mosquito net, using oral rehydration\nsolution, washing hands, accessing childhood\nimmunizations and seeking health care when ill)\nwith other key sectors such as nutrition, water,\nsanitation and hygiene, food, agriculture, shelter\nand education;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide sexual and reproductive health\ninterventions including select services and\nreferrals for maternal and newborn health, family\nplanning, and gender-based violence (GBV);\n\n\uf0e0 contribute to the prevention and management\nof illnesses that require long-term treatment\nsuch as non-communicable diseases, including\nmental disorders and communicable diseases\nsuch as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and\ntuberculosis.\n\n\n\n**For prevention and preparedness:**\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 contribute to risk assessments to identify hazards,\nvulnerabilities, high risk groups and capacities;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 contribute to the detection, prevention\n(e.g. preventing an influenza pandemic by\nreducing exposure to infected animals) and\ncontrol of diseases of epidemic or pandemic\npotential;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide risk awareness and health education\n(e.g. by promoting clean water, sanitation and\nhygiene), and contribute to social mobilization;\n\n\uf0e0 contribute to emergency preparedness for\nhouseholds, communities and health systems\n(e.g. risk communication, early warning,\ncommunity emergency response planning).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Joint statement / Scaling-up the community-based health workforce for emergencies** 4\nOctober 2011\n\n\n\n~~**Actions in emergency response and recovery**~~\n\n\n\n**For response:**\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 contribute to community needs assessments and\nongoing monitoring during emergencies;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide priority PHC services including referral,\nbehaviour change communication, and health\npromotion and education;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 conduct community-based surveillance and early\nwarning of diseases of epidemic potential;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide first aid and basic life support, and\nsupport mass casualty management including\nessential trauma and surgical care;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide psychosocial services, community support\nand psychological first aid.\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 reducing underlying risk factors by making\nhospitals and health facilities safe, and targeting\nessential health care to vulnerable populations in\nhazard-prone communities;\n\n\uf0e0 preparing communities and the health system\nat all levels to continue critical health services\nand provide emergency health care during an\nemergency.\n\n\nThe health sector plays an important role in national and\ncommunity-based multisectoral disaster risk management\nsystems, integrating actions to reduce risk and prepare\nfor emergencies. The health sector can also provide\nvaluable input to local and national risk assessments\nthrough information on community health hazards such as\nepidemics or pandemics and vulnerabilities and capacities\nof the health system at all levels. Closer links and mutual\nsupport between health and national and communitybased disaster risk management systems are needed.\n\n\n**Health systems should reinforce**\n**primary health care to be better**\n**prepared for emergencies**\n\nHealth systems that are based on the principles of PHC\nimprove health outcomes and are better prepared for\nemergencies ( _13_ ). An equity-based approach identifies\nthose who are most vulnerable and hard to reach;\nconsequently those with the highest burden of disease\nand at risk in an emergency. Targeting key PHC services\nto these populations is a cost effective strategy to\navert avoidable illness and death ( _14_ ). A communitybased health workforce that is well trained, equipped\nand supported can improve access to essential PHC for\nhazard-prone communities on a routine basis, and during\nall phases of an emergency. The workforce provides\nhealth services based on the risks and needs elaborated\nby and with participation from the community itself;\nthat is, women and men, people of all ages (including\nchildren and young people) and those with disabilities.\nCommunity case management (CCM) is a core\ncomponent of the type of life-saving work that can be\nbuilt on when an emergency hits ( _15_ ). CCM targets the\nmain causes of death and illnesses, reduces risks and\ncontributes to safer and more resilient communities.\n\n\n\n**For recovery and transition to development:**\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 continue to provide critical PHC and emergency\nhealth services;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 help re-establish and strengthen pre-existing\nhealth services;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 provide community-based rehabilitation;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 help to integrate prevention and preparedness\ninto community recovery and development\nprogrammes.\n\n\n\n**Existing health systems need to be**\n**well prepared for emergencies**\n\n\n\nStrong health systems are better able to absorb the\nimpact of emergencies, and respond to and recover from\nthem. Actions that can help to reduce risk to and prepare\nexisting health systems for emergencies include ( _11_ ):\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 having supportive policies, strategies and\nallocated resources towards managing risk of\nemergencies;\n\n\n\n\uf0e0 analysing risks to existing health programmes\nand communities from emergencies, and\nproviding early warning to health providers and\ncommunities;\n\n\uf0e0 involving communities and health-care workers,\nand educating them about these risks;\n\n\n\nAs front-line health workers and first responders, the\nworkforce plays a pivotal role in emergencies and should\n\n_**A strong health system offers**_ be included in health-system planning for all phases of\n_**vital protection from disaster**_ emergency risk management. This requires coordinated\n_**related risks. (12)**_ efforts among all key stakeholders, including community\n\nleaders, to identify and train the workforce according\n\nMerlin to roles and responsibilities, and equip them with the\n\nnecessary resources for local action ( _16_ ).\n# **\u201c**\n\n\n\n_**A strong health system offers**_\n_**vital protection from disaster**_\n_**related risks. (12)**_\n\n\n\nMerlin\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5 **Joint statement / Scaling-up the community-based health workforce for emergencies**\nOctober 2011\n\n\n# **\u201c**\n\n\n\n_**The best way to provide**_\n_**preventive and curative services**_\n_**at a large scale to address**_\n_**the top causes of death in**_\n_**both emergencies and non-**_\n_**emergencies is via CHWs getting**_\n_**trained and supported in CCM in**_\n_**their communities then mobilized**_\n_**at larger scale in an emergency.**_\n\n\n\nKathryn Bolles\nDirector of Emergency Health and Nutrition\nSave the Children\n\n\n\n**What partners can do**\n\nPartners can support governments to strengthen the\ncapacity of the community-based health workforce by:\n\n\uf0e0 disseminating and adopting the actions listed above in\n\u201c _What countries can do_ \u201d;\n\n\uf0e0 advocating for additional resources and making\ninvestments (e.g. funding, technical support, human\nresources and supplies) to carry out these actions,\nbased on national health systems, community health\nservices and health emergency related programmes;\n\n\uf0e0 supporting capacity building of this workforce\nto provide essential PHC and emergency health\nservices, including defining the core competencies\nfor emergencies, and the development of necessary\nguidance, training materials and tools;\n\n\uf0e0 making use of the capacities and capabilities of the\nexisting actors in this workforce, where partners are\ndirectly implementing programmes.\n\n\n**Further research**\n\nResearch is needed on:\n\n\uf0e0 knowledge and skills required for the communitybased health workforce to contribute to activities\nsuch as local risk assessments, early warning systems,\nemergency planning and management;\n\n\uf0e0 identification, adaptation, and use of new and\nunderused technologies and innovations for improving\nessential health and emergency care at the community\nlevel;\n\n\uf0e0 best practices and lessons learned on communitybased interventions in all phases of an emergency, for\nall types of hazards, to strengthen the evidence base.\n\n\n\n**What countries can do**\n\nCountries can strengthen the capacity of the communitybased health workforce by:\n\n\uf0e0 strengthening existing health systems and health\nemergency risk management programmes that\nemphasise local level action ( _17_ );\n\n\uf0e0 adopting and promoting policies and programmes that\nsupport this workforce through close links, support\nand monitoring from local and district health staff, to\nprovide essential PHC and emergency health services\nas part of a multisectoral approach;\n\n\uf0e0 mobilizing the necessary resources to identify, train,\nsupervise, equip and supply this workforce, to deliver\nessential PHC and emergency health services;\n\n\uf0e0 identifying and defining required competencies for\nthis workforce to manage emergencies;\n\n\uf0e0 identifying and harmonizing all strategies and training\nprogrammes aimed at strengthening this workforce\nwith all partners and sectors;\n\n\uf0e0 incorporating input from this workforce and from\nthe communities at risk into risk assessments and\nemergency preparedness;\n\n\uf0e0 advocating to and educating decision makers at all\nlevels and communities at risk, to increase awareness\nand knowledge of community-based health\ninterventions in prevention, preparedness, response\nand recovery.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## \uf0d8\n\n**Community-based health**\n**workforce in action**\n\n**Pakistan floods 2010: Health workers**\n**extend health services to flood victims**\n\n\uf0da _**Focus on emergency response**_\n\nA lady health worker (LHW) was\nteaching a session on health\npromotion to the local village in Sindh\nprovince when she received warning\nof the impending floodwaters.\nAfter the flooding, a team of LHWs\nconducted sessions with children in\nthe flood-affected villages they serve\n\n - areas that are the most vulnerable\nto outbreaks of disease and diarrhoea, especially among\nchildren. The LHWs continued to provide health services\nin their communities while residing in internally displaced\nsettlements. UNICEF has supported the LHW programme\nin Sindh province since its inception, providing the health\nworkers with medical supplies to conduct work that\nincludes educating families about managing common\nillnesses, as well as the importance of household hygiene\nand immunizing children. It also supplies LHWs with\ninformation, communication and education materials to\nsupport their training and outreach activities ( _18_ ).\n\n\n**Community-based health and first aid \u2013**\n**Uganda Red Cross Society**\n\n\uf0da _**Focus on health risk reduction**_\n\nThe Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS)\nhas been addressing the needs of\nvulnerable people in Uganda through\nemergency and developmental\nprogrammes in rural and urban\nareas. By the end of 2010, a total of\n1769 volunteers had been trained\nin community-based health and\nfirst aid (CBHFA), to reduce health risks by improving\nthe community\u2019s knowledge and skills. The Kampala\nEast branch targeted the Naguru parish area, where\ncommunities were mobilized and trained based on\nthe priorities they identified through a participatory\nrisk assessment. Priorities included diarrhoeal diseases\n(particularly cholera), malaria, HIV and other sexually\ntransmitted infections, and substance abuse. The\ncommunity and its volunteers drew up an action plan to\naddress these priorities. The plan included meeting with\nlandlords to build pit latrines and provide proper drainage\nin the village, and a commitment from the volunteers to\nweekly community clean-up campaigns. _Contributed by_\n_Uganda Red Cross Society/IFRC_\n\n\n\n**Cyclone Nargis 2008: Community health**\n**workers prepare for emergencies**\n\n\uf0da _**Focus on emergency preparedness**_\n\nBefore the cyclone, Merlin, an\ninternational nongovernmental\norganization (NGO), was working on\na primary health-care project. The\nproject also focused on reducing the\ncommunity\u2019s vulnerability to disasters\nby strengthening the health system,\nincluding village health committees\nand CHWs. About 540 community\nhealth workers were trained to cover\nbasic health care, including first aid, timely referral,\nmaternal and child health care, basic hygiene, prevention\nof sexually transmitted illnesses and HIV, and basic\ntraining on disaster preparedness. Although health\nfacilities were destroyed by the cyclone, a first-aid point\nwas immediately established to provide basic health care;\nthis was vital as it took a week for an external relief team\nto arrive. Preparedness at the local level \u2013 by educating\nthe local workforce and strengthening local institutions \u2013\nensured an immediate and effective local response after\nthe disaster ( _19_ ).\n\n\n**Refugees in Yemen: Community**\n**outreach in Aden**\n\n\uf0da _**Focus on urban refugees**_\n\nThe refugee population in\nYemen is mainly urban, and\nis living in Basateen, a poor\narea in Aden. The refugees\naccess primary health-care\nservices in a health centre, run\nby UNHCR\u2019s implementing\npartner, the Charitable Society\nfor Social Welfare. In urban\nareas it is particularly important to establish strong\ncommunity outreach systems. Twenty CHWs are\nworking in Basateen to ensure defaulter tracing for the\ntuberculosis and chronic disease programme, and provide\nnutritional support to families and maternal and child\nhealth services. The CHWs are also crucial in preventive\nhealth care, including giving support to immunization\nprogrammes and national immunization campaigns.\nTheir role has expanded so that they now work closely\nwith the refugee communities to explain rights of access\nto health care, including referral care and the availability\nof health services for refugees in Yemen. They also\nidentify refugees who are not seeking medical support or\nare extremely vulnerable. The CHWs are supplemented\nby 100 health volunteers and peer educators who are\nactive in strengthening community awareness about\ncritical public health issues and sexual and reproductive\nhealth, including HIV. _Contributed by UNHCR health_\n_programs for refugees in Yemen_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory\nrisk assessment", - "confidence": 0.9699968099594116, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "parish area", - "confidence": 0.8850684762001038, - "start": 300, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.8585888743400574, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7cc3da60-77a3-314b-b2a9-e34e004214ee/jointstatement_chwemergency_en.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_826/raw/doc_826_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_826/raw/doc_826_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a551ea3ec754da77f01cddcb86ee42cef6437250..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_826/raw/doc_826_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# LEGAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS\n## FOR MANDATORY REPORTING ON\n\n\n## GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE\n\n\n## IN MOLDOVA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n### INTRODUCTION\n\n\nThe Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on GBV in Moldova is part of the\nGender-Based Violence Sub-Working Group (GBV SWG) Technical Guidance on the Prevention\nand Response to GBV in Humanitarian Settings, developed by the members of the GBV SubWorking Group.\n\n\nThe Technical Guidance Document aims at supporting GBV and other humanitarian actors to\ncoordinate and implement safe and accessible GBV response, risk mitigation and prevention\ninterventions, in the framework of the response to refugees from Ukraine in Moldova.\n\n\nThe need for this analysis emerged from were several discussions and interest from members of\nthe GBV SWG, to create a better understanding of the legal framework related to GBV,\nespecially mandatory reporting requirements and procedures.\n\n\nOn August 9, 2022, a Legal Analysis Team under the GBV SWG was established and tasked to\ncomplete the analysis on behalf of the members of the GBV SWG. The analysis team included\nrepresentatives from UNFPA, UNHCR, ActionAid, Intersos, UN Women and UNICEF and was\nfaciliated by UNFPA.\n\n\nThe content of the analysis was developed and discussed in two working sessions bringing the\nmembers of the Legal Analysis Team and on September 8, 2022, the document was presented,\ndiscussed and approved by the Legal Analysis Team.\n\n\nLater, on September 22 and during a dedicated workshop to roll out the Technical Gudiance on\nthe Prevention and Response to GBV in Humanitarian Settings the analysis was presented to\nthe wider GBV SWG members and was approved to be included in the Technical Guidance\ndocument.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\nIt is important to specify that art. 6 determines the scope of the law, which \u201capplies equally to\nthe citizens of the Republic of Moldova, foreign nationals and stateless persons living on its\nterritory\u201d.\n\n\nThe Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, COD Nr. 985 18.04.2002[3], outlines wider\ndefinitions of sexual violence in chapter IV. on \u2018Sexual Offences\u2019. Rape (Art. 171) is defined as\n\u201csexual intercourse committed by physical or mental coercion of the person or taking advantage\nof her/his impossibility to defend himself or to express her/his will\u201d, thus is not based on\nconsent for the intercourse but on coercion. \u201cHomosexuality\u201d \u201ccommitted by physical or mental\ncoercion of the person or taking advantage of his impossibility to defend himself or to express\nhis will\u201d is outlined in Art. 172 thus same-sex rape seems to be defined separately. Sexual\nharassment in Art.173 is defined as physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention of\nhaving sexual intercourse or other undesirable sexual acts. and once again is referenced\ncommitted by threat, coercion, blackmail on not based on lack of consent.\n\n\nVarious forms of physical violence are outlined in the Criminal Code Chapter II (Crimes against\na person's life and health), as well as in Chapter III (Crimes against the freedom, honesty, and\ndignity of the person) which includes deprivation of liberty, physical and psychological torture.\nThese incidents are not defined as GBV specifically but in a wider context of harmful acts.\nCore requirements in terms of assistance for survivors by the authorities are described in art. 8\nof Law no. 45 including free 24/7 hotline services, cooperation between the sections / directions\nof social assistance and family protection and the police in the activity of identifying persons\nprone to committing acts of domestic violence; referral of cases to the specialists from the\nassistance / protection centers / services; the aggressor's access to the rehabilitation programs;\nestablishment of centers / services for assistance and protection of victims of domestic violence\nand their children.\n\n\nIn addition, response mechanisms for survivors of GBV are also outlined by law no. 137 of\n29.07.2016 on the rehabilitation of victims of crime[4].\n\n\nAccording to art. 2, services for survivors include \u201ca) informational counseling of the victims of\ncrimes regarding their rights and the services they can benefit from; b) psychological counseling;\nc) legal assistance guaranteed by the state; d) financial compensation by the state for the\ndamage caused by the crime. Further clarity is required concerning the process of financial\ncompensation. By art. 3 are designated the competent subjects in providing services, being the\nMinistry of Health, Labor and Social Protection, \u201cin cooperation with the Ministry of Justice, the\nMinistry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the General Prosecutor's Office, the\nNational Council for State Guaranteed Legal Aid, the territorial subdivisions of social assistance,\nother central and local public administration authorities, as well as in cooperation with\nrepresentatives of civil society\u201d.\n\n\n[[3] LP137/2016 (legis.md)](https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=110484&lang=ro)\n\n[[4] CP985/2002 (legis.md)](https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=122429&lang=ro)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Legal Framework Analysis for Mandatory Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Moldova\n\n\nIn humanitarian settings, all organizations are mandated to have protocols in place for the\nprotection against sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian workers (see also Section 5 on\nProtection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse). Organizations need to be clear on the\nreporting protocol and inform the survivor as to whom the case would be reported, what\ninformation would be shared, and what the expectations would be regarding the survivor\u2019s\ninvolvement.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1d7bc90-2641-4f75-b90e-5e4a1ec8b6ee/legal_framework_analysis_for_mandatory_reporting_on_gender-based_violence_gbv_in_moldova.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_827/raw/doc_827_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_827/raw/doc_827_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 37c5ce61a1b2591e60491c78f6ab12a5b38f4b07..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_827/raw/doc_827_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n**\n\n**DEPARTAMENTO DE C\u00d3RDOBA**\n\n# **Limitaciones al acceso de la educaci\u00f3n en el Departamento** **de C\u00f3rdoba**\n\n\nCon el objetivo de lograr cambios con\nrelaci\u00f3n a la situaci\u00f3n educativa que se est\u00e1\npresentando en el Departamento de\nC\u00f3rdoba, el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n en el\ndepartamento produce este documento, el\ncual recoge mensajes claves desde la\nperspectiva de protecci\u00f3n, y en pro de (i)\nvisibilizar la situaci\u00f3n educativa en C\u00f3rdoba e\n(ii) incidir ante los actores competentes en la\nactivaci\u00f3n de los mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n\ny protecci\u00f3n necesarios para garantizar el\nacceso efectivo al derecho a la educaci\u00f3n en\nel Departamento.\n\n**1. Contexto y barreras que impiden el acceso a los derechos a la educaci\u00f3n**\n\nTal como hab\u00eda sido visibilizado con anterioridad por el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n y por\nel Equipo Humanitario Local [1] hay varias din\u00e1micas que coinciden y que generan barreras\npara los derechos educativos de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en el Departamento. Por una\nparte est\u00e1n las din\u00e1micas generadas por el conflicto armado mismo en el territorio que,\nentre otras cosas, ha ido generando amenazas, extorsiones hacia los docentes y han\nprovocado en algunas situaciones su desplazamiento forzado.\n\nPor otra parte, y de manera estructural, existen otras din\u00e1micas relacionadas con los\nproblemas estructurales que sufre el sector educativo en C\u00f3rdoba relacionada con el retraso\n\n- la inefectividad en la contrataci\u00f3n de docentes. Como resultado hay una alta tasa de\ndesescolarizaci\u00f3n que no solamente es una violaci\u00f3n al derecho educativo sino que\ntambi\u00e9n, sumado a la falta de oportunidades para el uso del tiempo libre y la ausencia de\noportunidades laborales, crean un ambiente favorable para el reclutamiento forzado y la\nviolencia sexual y basada en g\u00e9nero, especialmente en el Sur de C\u00f3rdoba y la zona\ncostanera. Los ni\u00f1os/as y adolescentes desplazados no siempre tienen acceso a la\neducaci\u00f3n, lo que lleva a que muchas veces sus familias opten por retornar sin garant\u00edas de\nseguridad. La falta de agua en las instituciones educativas en \u00e9pocas de sequ\u00eda, es otro\n\n\n1 [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/es/system/files/documents/files/situacion_humanitaria_y_proteccion_-_cordoba_final_2.pdf;](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/es/system/files/documents/files/situacion_humanitaria_y_proteccion_-_cordoba_final_2.pdf)\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/colombia/document/colombia-bolet%C3%ADn-humanitario-mensual-marzo-2015](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/colombia/document/colombia-bolet%C3%ADn-humanitario-mensual-marzo-2015)\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f8ace2-f174-3463-96ae-d67359e250ee/limitaciones_acceso_educacion_cordoba_-_201510.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n**\n\n**DEPARTAMENTO DE C\u00d3RDOBA**\n\n\nfactor que agrava la crisis en el sector educativo. [2] Estas din\u00e1micas han sido parte\ninseparable de los Informes de Riesgo del Sistema de Alertas Tempranas de la Defensor\u00eda\ndel Pueblo que no han resultado en acciones institucionales claras para ser resueltas. [3]\n\nSeg\u00fan el an\u00e1lisis generado por el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n y el Equipo Humanitario\nLocal, en algunos casos la \u00fanica presencia Estatal en una regi\u00f3n es la escuela, y en su gran\nmayor\u00eda con la planta docente incompleta o ausente por largos periodos. Seg\u00fan datos\noficiales, en diciembre de 2014, cerca de 28,000 ni\u00f1os/as y adolescentes se quedaron por\nfuera del sistema educativo, mientras que en los primeros tres meses de 2015 al menos\n18.000 menores de edad han quedado por fuera del sistema educativo en zonas rurales de\nlos municipios del sur de C\u00f3rdoba (Montel\u00edbano, Puerto Libertador, Tierralta, Ayapel) y\notros como Monter\u00eda, Planeta Rica, Mo\u00f1itos y San Bernardo del Viento. Estos problemas\ntambi\u00e9n tienen un impacto sobre las poblaciones \u00e9tnicas en el Departamento, ya\nfuertemente golpeadas por las din\u00e1micas de conflicto en sus territorios tradicionales.\n\nHa habido una larga serie de acciones de tutela, reuniones, encuentros e incluso paros\nciviles por parte de los padres de familia, los Cabildos Mayores, la Di\u00f3cesis de Montel\u00edbano y\nCORDUPAZ [4], y tambi\u00e9n a trav\u00e9s de oficios y acciones de las Secretarias de Educaci\u00f3n\nMunicipales. No obstante, no se han conocido avances como resultado de dichas acciones.\n\nPor otra parte, en cuanto a la existencia de una pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica departamental y municipal\nde Educaci\u00f3n en Emergencia, en el a\u00f1o 2013 el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n firma un acta de\nacuerdo con la Gobernaci\u00f3n de C\u00f3rdoba respecto al tema educativo para solucionar uno de\nlos m\u00e1s graves problemas que tiene el Departamento, la falta de m\u00e1s de 600 docentes. El\nMinisterio tiene nombrados gestores educativos para la zona, pero se desconoce el\nseguimiento que estos \u00faltimos realizan a la estrategia de Educaci\u00f3n en Emergencias y\ntampoco se conocen los reportes relacionados con los avances.\n\nOtra de las soluciones buscadas ha sido la creaci\u00f3n de varios espacios de coordinaci\u00f3n para\nel tema educativo [5] que no han funcionado por falta de seguimiento institucional.\n\n\n2 Equipo Humanitario Local: [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/colombia/document/colombia-bolet%C3%ADn-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/colombia/document/colombia-bolet%C3%ADn-humanitario-mensual-marzo-2015)\n[humanitario-mensual-marzo-2015.](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/colombia/document/colombia-bolet%C3%ADn-humanitario-mensual-marzo-2015)\n3 \u201cDe acuerdo con el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF) regional C\u00f3rdoba, en el 56% de los municipios del departamento\nhay riesgo de reclutamiento de menores de edad por parte de grupos armados irregulares. Asimismo la Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n\nDepartamental explica que este fen\u00f3meno se ha traducido en un incremento de la deserci\u00f3n escolar en municipios objeto de este informe\ny otros del sur de C\u00f3rdoba. Esta situaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 agravada por factores tales como el d\u00e9ficit de docentes en los municipios que conforman la\nzona de consolidaci\u00f3n, el incumplimiento de los calendarios acad\u00e9micos por la demora en el nombramiento de los docentes, las\ndeficiencias en las instalaciones educativas, la carencia de material did\u00e1ctico y la deserci\u00f3n escolar por hambre.\u201d- INFORME DE RIESGO N\u00b0\n015-13.\n4 \u201cDentro de las necesidades que m\u00e1s se destacan se pueden mencionar: la insuficiencia en la planta de docentes y la deficiente calidad en\nel servicio del operador privada que debe brindar las herramientas adecuadas y oportunas en la canasta educativa, deterioro en\ninfraestructura de los planteles educativos, en particular en las zonas rurales m\u00e1s alejadas de los cascos urbanos, problemas que afectan a\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de estas zonas, con lo cual no se est\u00e1 garantizando el acceso al derechos a la educaci\u00f3n tal como lo establece\nla Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de Colombia en sus art\u00edculos 44 y 67 sobre el derecho fundamental para ni\u00f1os y su funci\u00f3n social para la sociedad.\u201d\nFORO EDUCATIVO DEL ALTO SINU Y SAN JORGE, Montel\u00edbano, 11 de abril de 2014 - INFORME GENERAL.\n5 Entre estos: Red Departamental de Educaci\u00f3n en Emergencias, Redes Municipales, Mesas de Educaci\u00f3n, Foros educativos.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f8ace2-f174-3463-96ae-d67359e250ee/limitaciones_acceso_educacion_cordoba_-_201510.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n**\n\n**DEPARTAMENTO DE C\u00d3RDOBA**\n\n\nLa implementaci\u00f3n por parte de UNICEF y Opci\u00f3n Legal del programa La Escuela busca al\nni\u00f1o y la ni\u00f1a tambi\u00e9n se desarrolla con inconvenientes, ya que la Gobernaci\u00f3n\ndepartamental no crea los cupos a 2,500 de los 3,000 ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as encontrados por fuera\ndel sistema educativo.\n\n**2. Recomendaciones**\n\nTeniendo en cuenta lo resumido con anterioridad sobre la falta de acceso y calidad de la\neducaci\u00f3n en C\u00f3rdoba que genera creciente preocupaci\u00f3n desde el punto de vista de los\nderechos y protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez se propone lo siguiente:\n\n\n\uf0d8 Que se haga un seguimiento a los acuerdos firmados entre el Ministerio de\n\nEducaci\u00f3n Nacional con la Gobernaci\u00f3n de C\u00f3rdoba con el fin del cumplimiento de\nlos compromisos ya adquiridos.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Implementaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica departamental y municipal de Educaci\u00f3n en\n\nEmergencias.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Que el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional haga un seguimiento al trabajo de su gestor\n\nen el Departamento y que incluya en su trabajo la estrategia de Educaci\u00f3n en\nEmergencias.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Valorar la posibilidad de realizar una reuni\u00f3n antes de que se termine el a\u00f1o, entre\n\nfuncionarios del Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Nacional con facultad de toma de\ndecisiones en el territorio con las secretarias de educaci\u00f3n municipales, para conocer\nm\u00e1s detalladamente la profundidad de los problemas en el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Que se definan responsabilidades en la soluci\u00f3n del problema para que estas\n\ndin\u00e1micas no sean heredadas por la pr\u00f3xima administraci\u00f3n, y que los ni\u00f1os/as y\nadolescentes puedan iniciar el calendario escolar a tiempo en 2016.\n\n\n\uf0d8 Que se tomen acciones inmediatas y prioritarias para el caso de las instituciones\n\neducativas de Monter\u00eda afectadas por los grupos armados no estatales,\nespecialmente donde existen testimonios de gran impacto.\n\n\uf0d8 Que se convoquen a entidades especialistas para articular e implementar r\u00e1pidas\n\nestrategias que permitan mitigar y evitar los riesgos que se generan por la presencia\ny las acciones de grupos armados no estatales, especialmente donde existen\ntestimonios de gran impacto social.\n\n\nMonter\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, 23 de octubre 2015\n\n[proteccion@colombiassh.org](mailto:proteccion@colombiassh.org)\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b3f8ace2-f174-3463-96ae-d67359e250ee/limitaciones_acceso_educacion_cordoba_-_201510.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_828/raw/doc_828_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_828/raw/doc_828_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index eadf2d30e1af12fc23571de1bc02c12fc17d69a1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_828/raw/doc_828_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,443 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Lyman\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nDonske\n\n\n\nKharkiv\n\n\n\nZaporizhzhya\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\nMelitopol\n\n\n\nBahmut\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nMelekyno\n\n\n\nVolodymyrivka\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nSlovjansk\n\n\n\nSeverodonetsk\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nDNIPRO\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\n\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\n\n\n\nZlatoustivka\n\n\n\nMariupol\n\n\n\nLozova\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n###### LuhanskMelekyno\n\n\n\nLyman\n\n\n\n\u041aYIV\n\n\n\nChervoniy Donets\n\n\n\nVovchansk\n\n\n\nMelitopol\n\n\n\nSvyatogirsk\n\n\n\nVovchansk Bahmut Syrotyne Yurivka Melitopol Starobilsk\n\nYurivka Lyman Svyatogirsk Berdyansk Yurivka\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\n\n\nChuhuyiv\n\n\n\nBahmut\n\nLyman\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nZaporizhzhya\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nLyman\n\n\n\nVovchansk\n\n\n\nSlovjansk\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nStarobilsk\n\n\n\nLozova\n\n\n\nSvyatogirsk\n\n\n\nMariupol\n\n\n\nZlatoustivka\n\n\n\nMariupol\n\n\n\nKharkiv\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nChervoniy Donets\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nVolodymyrivka\n\n\n\nSyrotyne Yurivka Melitopol Starobilsk\n\nSvyatogirsk Berdyansk Yurivka\n\nRubizhne\n\nZaporizhzhya\n\nSyrotyne Chervoniy Donets\n\nMariupol Zlatoustivka\n\nKreminna Lysychansk\n# \u041aYIV UKSeverodonetskR\u0410RubizhneIMelekynoNE\n\n\n\nChuhuyivDNIPRO\n\nYurivka Rubizhne Lyman\n##### DonetskSlovjanskZlatoustivkaVovchansk\n\n\n\nZlatoustivka\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n#### Kharkiv\n\n\n\nZlatoustivka\n\n\n\nSlovjansk\n\n\n\nVovchansk\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\nMelekyn\u043e\n\n\n\nDNIPRO\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nDonetsk\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nStarobilsk\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nChuhuyiv\n\n\n\nSeverodonetsk\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nSlovjansk\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\nLuhansk\n\n\n\nMelekyno\n\n\n\nSvyatogirsk\n\n\n\nDNIPROLysychansk\n\n\n\nMelitopol\n\n\n\nVolodymyrivka\n\n\n\nVovchansk\n\n\n\nMariupol\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\nDonske\n\n\n\nZaporizhzhya\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nLyman\n\n\n\nMariupol\n\n\n\nYurivka\n\n\n\nBahmut\n\n\n\nLozova\n\n\n\nKreminna\n\n\n\n\u041aYIV\n\n\n\nMelekyno\n\nVovchansk\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nStarobilsk\n\n\n\nZlatoustivka\n\n\n\nChervoniy Donets\n\n\n\nChuhuyiv\n\n\n\n\n\nLysychansk\n\n\n\nSvyatogirsk\n\n\n\nSyrotyne\n\n\n\nBerdyansk\n\n\n\n\n\nDNIPRO\n\n\n\nRubizhne\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP\n\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nIntroduction 3\n\nMethodology 4\n\nGeneral observations 5\n\nInterviews with IDPs residing in CCs 7\n\nInterviews with representatives of CC administrations 14\n\nInterviews with local residents who live near CCs 18\n\nRecommendations 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interviews with IDPs residing in CCs", - "confidence": 0.8243052363395691, - "start": 20, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CCs", - "confidence": 0.9563393592834473, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8855032920837402, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Interviews with representatives of CC administrations", - "confidence": 0.5301675796508789, - "start": 27, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CCs", - "confidence": 0.6876636147499084, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5120558142662048, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 3\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nIn May 2016, Ukrainian collective centres (hereinafter \u2013 CCs) for internally displaced persons\n(hereinafter \u2013 the IDPs) housed 6,518 people [1], which is approximately 0.38% of the total number of\nregistered IDPs in Ukraine [2] .\n\n\nThe right of IDPs to secure free-of-charge ad interim residence subject to payment for public utilities\nset-forth in paragraph 8 clause 8 of article 9 of the Law of Ukraine \u00abOn ensuring the rights and\nfreedoms of the internally displaced persons\u00bb No.1706-VII dd. October 20, 2014. The law provides\nfor IDPs to receive free temporary residence from state executive institutions, local self-governmental\nbodies and subjects of private law.\n\n\nAt the same time, the legislation lacks a singular order and terms for placing IDPs in CCs. Nor does\nit have standard rules for the use of CC premises, and is silent on whether eviction is allowed, and\nif so, under what terms.\n\n\nThus, placement, eviction and residency rules are different in each CC and may be governed by\nvarious laws. The CCs themselves also differ in types of ownership, rules, number of places of\naccommodation, condition of premises, and operating costs. IDP collective centres are usually\nprivate dormitories, social housing, hotels, therapeutic facilities, recreation facilities, modular towns,\nreligious facilities, university and other educational facility dormitories, hospitals and other facilities.\n\n\nOrder No.1094 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of December 16, 2015 approved a Comprehensive\nState Programme for Support, Social Adaptation and Reintegration of the Citizens of Ukraine Who\nMoved from the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine and Areas of Anti-Terrorist Operations to\nOther Regions for the Period up to 2017 (hereinafter \u2013 the Comprehensive Programme).\n\n\nThe implementation plan for the Comprehensive Programme prescribes providing IDPs with places\nfor temporary stay, including the provision of temporary accommodation for IDP families, including\ndisabled persons, namely disabled children. Thus, for more than two years IDPs, including the\ndisabled, severely ill, elderly, low-income, multi-child and other vulnerable categories of displaced\npersons, have been temporarily residing in CCs.\n\n\nAn urgent issue facing IDPs in CCs is their adaptation to their new conditions of life and integration\ninto their new communities. According to international standards related to longterm solutions\nfor IDPs, the state is to take measures, including those aimed at ensuring the right to adequate\nstandards of living and restoration (or compensation for) of lost (or damaged) housing, land and\nproperty is required for proper integration of IDPs. In 2016-2017, the Comprehensive Programme\nidentified a number of measures which will ensure the right of IDPs to accommodation.\n\n\nHowever, the state budget does not include expenditures to implement the Comprehensive\nProgramme. Therefore IDP housing issues remain unsolved, and the most vulnerable IDP families\nlive in collective centres or with their relatives/friends.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 to determine IDPs\u2019 living conditions in different types of CCs, their problems, and types**\n**of state aid and other support needed;**\n\n\n**\u2022 to determine IDPs\u2019 degree of social adaptation to CCs and to their new communities,**\n**barriers to social adaptation, and identify trends in the relationship between CC residents**\n**and the local communities.**\n\n\n1 May 2016, Global Shelter Cluster, web-page: https://www.sheltercluster.org/sites/default/files/docs/cc_factsheet_may_2016_ukr.pdf\n2 According to the official website of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, as of August 15th, 2016, there were1,714,388 IDPs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 4\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY\n\n\nThe monitoring was conducted from April 11 to April 15, 2016 by monitors of the charity organization\n\u00abCharity Fund \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb (hereinafter \u2013 the \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb) in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk,\nZaporizhzhya, Donetsk and Lugansk regions.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**CCs**\n**47**\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS RESIDING IN CCs**\n\n**\u2022 329**\n\n**REPRESENTATIVES OF CC ADMINISTRATIONS**\n\n**\u2022 46**\n\n**LOCAL RESIDENTS**\n\n**\u2022 180**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 surveying collective centres for internally displaced persons;**\n\n\n**\u2022 interviewing internally displaced persons dwelling in collective centres;**\n\n\n**\u2022 interviewing CC administrators;**\n\n\n**\u2022 interviewing local residents who live near the CCs.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 5\n\n\nGENERAL OBSERVATIONS\n\n\n\n\n\nCC in Bahmut\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 70% of CCs are relatively well-located.**\n\n\n**\u2022 83% of CCs are near public transit.**\n\n\nFor the most part, CCs are located in close proximity to social infrastructure. However, 19% of CCs\nhave no schools nearby, 26% \u2013 no playgrounds nearby, 21% \u2013 no food stores nearby, 17% \u2013 no\nsidewalk leading to the CC, 9% \u2013 no lighting at the CC entrance. 79% of CCs are unequipped for\npeople with disabilities or the elderly. In particular, CCs lack ramps and elevators.\n\n\n94% of CCs have clean grounds and interiors. 46% of CCs have satisfactory conditions and\nrenovated premises; 23% of CCs have new furniture; 38% of CCs have modern and satisfactory\nbathrooms; 40% have clean common kitchens with updated appliances.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**OF CCS ARE CLEAN AND IN THE VICINITY**\n\n\n**OF CCS HAVE SATISFACTORY GENERAL**\n**CONDITION AND RENOVATED PREMISES**\n\n\n**OF CCS HAVE NEW FURNITURE**\n\n\n**OF CCS HAVE RENOVATED AND SATISFACTORY**\n**BATHROOMS**\n\n\n**OF CCS HAVE CLEAN COMMON**\n**KITCHENS WITH UPDATED APPLIANCES**\n\n\n\nAt the same time, 19% of CCs have dirty common kitchens; 28% of CCs are in poor condition and\nare in need of renovation; 38% of CC bathrooms are in poor condition; 40% of CCs have furniture\nwhich are in poor condition.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 6\n\n\n\n64%\n36%\n\n\n\n**of CCs are used solely as collective centres.**\n\n\n**of CCs have multiple uses.**\n**Among the multi-use CCs:**\n\n**\u2022 35% are part of student dormitories;**\n\n**\u2022 29% are part of non-student dormitories;**\n\n**\u2022 12% are part of religious facilities;**\n\n**\u2022 other CCs are part of boarding schools, hotels,**\n**former hospitals. etc\u2026**\n\n\n\nInside/near 19% of CCs, information is available on how to obtain accommodation at the CC. In\n30% of CCs, there is information on tariffs, debts, on meetings with CC administrators. In 51%\nof CCs, there is a common room for recreation. For the most part, CC residents and visitors have\nlimited entry times. 43% of the CCs visited have security.\n\n\nCC in Kostiantynivka\n\n\nNo conflicts registered at CCs during the monitoring.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 7\n\n\nINTERVIEWS WITH IDPS RESIDING IN CCS\n\n\nMonitors interviewed 329 IDPs. 235 interviewees are female and 94 are male. 13.5% are 18-25; 22%\nare 25-35; 29% are 35-55; 35.5% are over 55.\n\n\n\n**329**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 13.5% 18-25**\n\n**\u2022 \u2022 22% are 25-35**\n\n**\u2022 \u2022 29% are 35-55**\n\n**\u2022 \u2022 35.5% are over 55**\n\n\n\n**235**\n\n\n\n**94**\n## [}]\n\n\n\n225 interviewed IDPs or 68% live together as families. Almost 69% of IDP families consist of 2-3\npersons. Some IDP families consist of 6 or more persons.\n\n\n104 interviewees 32% live separately from their families. 42% of IDPs living away from their families\nare retirees.\n\n\n**\u2022 9% of interviewed IDPs have elderly people in their**\n**family (over 80 years old)**\n\n**\u2022 24% \u2013 disabled persons**\n\n**\u2022 20% \u2013 have severely ill persons**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 3% \u2013 have pregnant women**\n\n**\u2022 27% of interviewed IDPs indicated that their family is**\n**seperated, low-income or multi-child**\n\n\n\n9% of interviewed IDPs have elderly people in their family (over 80); 24% \u2013 disabled persons; 20%\nhave very ill persons; 3% have pregnant women. 27% of interviewed IDPs indicated that their family\nlives separately, are low-income or multi-child. Some families are members of several of the abovementioned vulnerable categories.\n\n\n76% of interviewed IDPs have been living in CCs for over a year, which means they moved from\nnon-government controlled areas sometime in 2014 \u2013 March 2015. 73% of interviewees have been\nliving in the same CC where they were originally placed.\n\n\n\n**4%**\n**6%**\n**14%**\n**76%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 6 months - 1 year**\n\n\n**\u2013 More than 1 year**\n\n\nDuration of IDPs\u2019 residence in CCs.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Less than 3 months**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 3-6 months**\n\n\n\n75% of IDPs share a room with 1-3 other people. Up to 12 people share a room in some instances\n(Chuhuyiv, Kharkiv region).\n\n\n63% of interviewed IDPs stated that their roommates are relatives. However, in Luhansk Region,\nonly 27% of IDPs live in the same room as their family.\n\n\n\n**None**\n\n\n**1 person**\n\n\n**2 persons**\n\n\n**3 persons**\n\n\n**4 persons**\n\n\n**5 or more persons**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNumber of other people IDPs share a room with\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 8\n\n\nAs for _**heating in winter,**_ 80% of interviewees indicated that their room was warm in winter.\nHowever, in a CC located in the therapeutic facility \u00abSvyati Hory\u00bb in Svyatogirsk (Northern Donetsk\nRegion), a lack of fuel resulted in no heating for a month (December 2015 to January 2016).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 28% \u2013 poor sanitation;**\n\n**\u2022 23% \u2013 premises in poor condition;**\n\n**\u2022 15% \u2013 high tariffs for public utilities;**\n\n**\u2022 12% \u2013 bad relations with IDP neighbours;**\n\n**\u2022 9% \u2013 schedule of access/visiting hours;**\n\n**\u2022 9% \u2013 lack of public utilities;**\n\n**\u2022 6% \u2013 relations with the administrators;**\n\n**\u2022 1% \u2013 criminal activity in/near the CCs;**\n\n**\u2022 23% \u2013 other.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 15% \u2013 inability to find/ rent separate accommodation (landlords hostile to IDP**\n**registration status, children, animals, etc.);**\n\n**\u2022 11% \u2013 wish to live together with their fellow citizens;**\n\n**\u2022 9% \u2013 better opportunity to obtain humanitarian aid;**\n\n**\u2022 7% \u2013 good infrastructure;**\n\n**\u2022 7% \u2013 proximity to place of work;**\n\n**\u2022 8% - other.**\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs were able to provide multiple answers.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 11% \u2013 unclear public utilities tariffs;**\n\n**\u2022 9% \u2013 awkward location;**\n\n**\u2022 5% \u2013 unfriendly atmosphere;**\n\n**\u2022 4% \u2013 problems with CC administration;**\n\n**\u2022 13% \u2013 other;**\n\n**\u2022 8% \u2013 no problems.**\n\n\nIDPs indicated that the major everyday problems included general mundane life (kitchen and\nbathroom issues, lack of soundproofing and privacy), poor state of common areas, lack of heating\nin winter, etc...\nCC in Druzhkivka\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 9\n\n\nMore than a third of interviewed IDPs indicated that their _**physical and psychological health**_\ndeteriorated while living in CCs (43% and 40% respectively).\n\n\n\n\uf03c Physical state\n\n**since moving to a CC**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**No change**\n\n\n**Deteriorated since**\n**moving to a CC**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDP physical and psychological health.\n\n18% of interviewed IDPs would like/ consider it appropriate to consult a psychologist. 18% did not\nanswer the question.\n\n\nAs for _**adaptation to life with new neighbours,**_ 83% of IDPs pointed out that they have adapted to\nlife in their CC, 13% of IDPs did not answer the question, 4% of IDPs indicated a failure to adapt to\nlife with new neighbours in their CC.\n\n\n\n**4%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 failed to adapt**\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n**83%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 did not answer**\n\n\n**\u2013 adapted**\n\n\n\nAdaptation to life with new neighbours\n\n\nadapt to life in their new community/city. 5% of IDPs did not answer. 24% of IDPs indicated that\nthey have not adapted to life in their new community/city.\n\n\n\n\n\n**5%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 failed to adapt**\n\n\n**\u2013 did not answer**\n\n\n**\u2013 adapted**\n\n\n\nAdaptation to life in their new city\n\n\nOn a daily basis interviewees primarily communicated with their CC neighbours, other IDPs, and\nfriends/acquaintances who were displaced. A relatively small percentage of interviewees reported\nthat they regularly communicate with the local inhabitants, including parents of other children, staff\nof humanitarian organizations, volunteers, and work colleagues.\n\n\n\n**Neighbours in the CC**\n**IDPs who they did not know**\n**previously**\n**Old friends and acquaintances**\n**who are displaced**\n\n\n**Parents of other schoolchildren**\n\n\n**Humanitarian organization**\n**employees, volunteers**\n\n\n**Colleagues**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**43**\n\n\n**38**\n\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 circle of contact\n\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs were able to provide multiple answers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Adaptation to life with new neighbours", - "confidence": 0.5953167080879211, - "start": 201, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CC", - "confidence": 0.696274995803833, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8797423243522644, - "start": 220, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 10\n\n\n40% of interviewed IDPs reported that they _**spend their free time**_ in state institutions, 36% \u2013 in\nhospitals.\n\n\n\n**At markets, in shops**\n\n\n**At state authorities**\n\n\n**At hospitals**\n\n\n**Outdoors, at playgrounds**\n\n\n**At Humanitarian organizations**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n**At Activities for children**\n\n\n**At Meetings and trainings for**\n**IDPs**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs were able to provide multiple answers.\n\n\n70% of interviewed IDPs reported that they _**visit humanitarian and community organizations**_ to\nobtain humanitarian aid. However, 15% of interviewees indicated that they do not ever visit such\norganizations.\n\n\n\n**Obtaining humanitarian aid**\n\n\n**Spending time with other IDPs**\n\n\n**No visits**\n\n\n**Obtaining legal assistance**\n\n\n**Children\u2019s development programmes**\n\n\n**Self-development programmes**\n\n\n**Employment assistance**\n\n**Professional development**\n**programmes**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs were able to provide multiple answers.\n\n\nAlmost 51% of IDPs think that _**the level of attention/assistance from the state, volunteers and**_\n_**community organizations**_ has decreased since their displacement.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Increased**\n\n\n**No change**\n\n\n**Decreased**\n\n\n**Failed to**\n**answer**\n\n\n\n**47**\n\n\n**47**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\uf03c State\n\uf03c From volunteers and\ncommunity organizations\n\n\nLevel of attention/aid to IDPS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 11\n\n\nOne of the monitoring tasks was to find out _**which legal problems IDPs**_ face in CCs and identify\ntheir legal needs. The IDPs interviewed indicated the following issues:\n\n\n\n**\u041ebtaining state benefits**\n\n\n**Registering IDP certificates**\n\n\n**Obtaining/restoring documents**\n\n\n**Accommodation issues (rent, benefits)**\n\n\n**Employment relations**\n\n\n**Childrens\u2019 issues**\n\n\n**Property issues**\n\n\n**Employment assistance**\n\n\n**Business issues**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n**No need for legal assistance**\n\n\n\n**122**\n\n\n**87**\n\n\n**48**\n\n\n**41**\n\n\n**33**\n\n\n**31**\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLegal problems IDPs face\nin CCs\n\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs could provide multiple answers.\n\n\nThe monitors studied whether _**IDPs residing in CCs**_ are employed. Out of the total number of\ninterviewed IDPs, only 165 IDPs (50%) were asked about employment because the remaining IDPs\nwere retirees or full-time students.\n\n\n22% of the 165 interviewed IDPs indicated that they are officially employed. 15% of respondents are\nemployed unofficially. 63% of IDPs are unemployed.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 of interviewees officially employed**\n\n**22%**\n\n\n**\u2013 of interviewees unofficially employed**\n\n**15%**\n\n\n**\u2013 of interviewees are unemployed**\n\n**63%**\n\nEmployment of IDPs\n\n\n\nTherefore, only 37% of employable IDPs have jobs.\n\n\nAmong the unemployed IDPs, including those working officially, only 10% are registered with the\nEmployment Centre and only 34% of IDPs are looking for a job. Most of those interviewed pointed\nout that they have been looking for a job for over six months, 16 people have been looking for a job\nfor over a year.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 17% \u2013 lack of childcare;**\n\n**\u2022 15% \u2013 no vacancies in a particular profession;**\n\n**\u2022 13% \u2013 low salaries in the region;**\n\n**\u2022 12% \u2013 employers are biased against people from Donbas;**\n\n**\u2022 9% \u2013 salary is lower than previous salary;**\n\n**\u2022 7% \u2013 no official employment offers;**\n\n**\u2022 10% \u2013 other.**\n\n\n_Note:_ IDPs could provide multiple answers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Employment of IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5375013947486877, - "start": 296, - "end": 299 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CCs", - "confidence": 0.8903704285621643, - "start": 165, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7927659153938293, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Employment Centre", - "confidence": 0.5860018134117126, - "start": 327, - "end": 329 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Donbas", - "confidence": 0.5917670726776123, - "start": 426, - "end": 427 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7456319332122803, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 12\n\n\n65% of IDPs reported that _**their main source of income**_ is their targeted monthly financial aid,\n38% \u2013 their pension, 28% \u2013 their salary.\n\n\n\n**Targeted financial aid**\n\n\n**Pension**\n\n\n**Salary**\n\n\n**Other social benefits**\n\n\n**Aid from family**\n\n\n**Charity/humanitarian aid**\n\n\n**Savings**\n\n\n**Unemployment benefits**\n\n\n**Business income**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n62% of IDPs considered their family income level unsatisfactory, 17% \u2013 extremely unsatisfactory.\n\n\n\n**17%**\n**3%**\n**18%**\n**62%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Extremely unsatisfactory**\n\n\n**\u2013 Sufficient**\n\n\n**\u2013 Satisfactory**\n\n\n**\u2013 Unsatisfactory**\n\n\n\nLevel of IPD family income\n\n\nConclusions\n\n\nApproximately 68% of interviewed IDPs dwell in the same CC as their families, most of which\nconsist of 2-3 family members. Quite a large number of IDP families include disabled members\n(24%), severely ill (20%), elderly persons (9%) or pregnant women (3%) and 27% of interviewees\nstate that their families are seperated, multi-child, or needy. Thus, a significant percentage of IDPs\nresiding in CCs are vulnerable.\n\n\n88% of interviewed IDPs lived in cities before displacemnt, 12% \u2013 in villages before displacement.\nThis partially explains the IDPs\u2019 difficulties with employment and adaptation at their current locations;\nthe range of professions in demand and the way of life in cities and villages vary greatly.\n\n\nIDPs live mostly in a single room with a total of 2 to 4 people. However in some CCs, the number\nof people per room reaches up to 12 people. At the same time, 37% of interviewed IDPs share a\nroom with strangers, which could have an adverse effect on their lifestyle and adaptation to the CC.\n\n\nThe living conditions in CCs, which cause the greatest IDP dissatisfaction are: the premises\ncondition, sanitary condition, high utility tariffs, etc...\n\n\nThe main challenges facing IDPs in CCs are everyday problems. The major everyday problems IDPs\nface include common mundane life, common areas in poor condition, and a lack of heating in winter.\nCC in Svyatogirsk\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Level of IPD family income", - "confidence": 0.5412854552268982, - "start": 173, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9562628269195557, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 13\n\n\nAs for heating in winter, for the most part, interviewees indicated that their room was warm during\nwinter. In one CC, there was no heating from December 2014 through January 2015 due to a lack of\nfuel. 9% of IDPs indicated that the winter cold is the biggest household problem in CCs.\n\n\n68% of interviewees would consider moving to another type of housing. The main reason IDPs\nare reluctant to leave CCs is because of expensive rent for other types of accommodation and the\ndifficulties of searching for other accommodation. So, one of thee reasons why IDPs live in CCs,\ndespite everyday problems, is their inability/unwillingness to pay an increased rental cost.\n\n\nThe main legal problems facing IDPs residing in CCs are registering/receiving social benefits\n(37%), registering for IDP certificates (26%), obtaining/restoring documents (15%) and others.\nThese results coincide with the results of previous monitorings by the Right to protection and\nsuggest that the effects of the suspended social and pension payments for IDPs, as well as the\ncancellation of IDP certificates, cause a number of urgent problems for IDPs. At the same time 40%\nof interviewed IDPs indicated that they spend their free time in state institutions. The main source of\nincome for most of the interviewed IDPs in CCs is monthly targeted aid to cover dwelling expenses,\nincluding payment for the public utilities, which highlights the severity of the consequences from the\nsuspended payments and canceled IDP certificates. 34% of IDPs indicated that they need further\nlegal assistance.\n\n\n\nCC in Svyatogirsk\n\n\n\nMore than a third of interviewed IDPs stated that their physical and psychological condition\ndeteriorated since they started dwelling in CCs. 18% of IDPs consider it necessary to see a\npsychologist. Nearly the same amount of IDPs failed to answer the question of whether they need\npsychological aid, which may signal its necessity. At the same time 36% of IDPs reported that they\nspend their free time in hospitals.\n\n\nOnly 22% of interviewed IDPs of employable age are officially employed, 15% are working\nunofficially, and 63% of employable IDPs are unemployed.\n\n\nMeanwhile, only 34% of the IDPs who are unemployed (or are employed unofficially) are looking\nfor a job. The main problems during the job search were a lack of vacancies in the labour market,\nincluding in particular professions, a lack of childcare, low salaries in the region, and a number of\nother problems.\n\n\nFor the most part, IDPs residing in CCs described their material conditions as unsatisfactory.\n\n\n70% of IDPs visit humanitarian organizations to obtain aid. More than half of the interviewees said\nthat the level of support from state and volunteer organizations has decreased.\n\n\nThe vast majority of IDPs interviewed reported that they had adapted to their new CC neighbours.\nMeanwhile, 24% of IDPs interviewed reported that they had not adapted to life in their new\ncommunity. The latter can be explained by the fact that their main circle of contacts are their CC\nneighbors (86%), who are also IDPs. In addition to neighbours, the interviewed IDPs communicate\nwith other IDPs (28%) and acquaintances (25%) who have moved to their settlements. A relatively\nsmall number of interviewees communicate with parents of their children\u2019s classmates (13%),\nemployees of humanitarian and volunteer organizations (12%), colleagues (10%) etc... Therefore,\nthe results of the survey demonstrate that the IDPs communicate mainly among themselves or with\na limited number of local inhabitants, whom they met after moving.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9884880185127258, - "start": 655, - "end": 656 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.700727641582489, - "start": 655, - "end": 656 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9934043288230896, - "start": 659, - "end": 660 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 14\n\n\nINTERVIEWS WITH\nCC ADMINISTRATORS\n\n\nDuring the monitoring 46 administrators were interviewed, of whom 46% were interviewed in\ndormitories, 6% in therapeutic facilities, 9% in modular towns, 39% in former hospitals, schools,\ncamps, religious facilities, etc... A representative of a CC administration in Luhansk Region refused\nto participate.\n\n\n**\u2022 46% were interviewed in dormitories**\n\n\n\n**46**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 6% in therapeutic facilities**\n\n**\u2022 9% in modular towns**\n\n**\u2022 39% in former hospitals, schools, camps, religious facilities, etc\u2026**\n\n\n\nIn 63% of CCs, the administration enters into an accommodation agreement with IDPs. 98% of CCs\nhave rules of conduct/residence. All CC administrations provide furniture, pillows, linen and other\nnecessary items.\n\n\n_**The cost of living in CCs**_ ranges from free to 750 UAH per month. In 48% of CCs, the cost does\nnot exceed 200 UAH. However, the administrations of four CCs (Mariupol, Yuriivka, and Melekine)\ndid not provide information on accommodation cost.\n\n\n\n**0-200 UAH**\n\n\n**201-400 UAH**\n\n\n**401-600 UAH**\n\n\n**601-800 UAH**\n\n\n**801-1000 UAH**\n\n\n**more than 1000 UAH**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Number of CCs\n\n\nCC monthly rent\n\n\n\n_Note:_ the cost of living in CCs is the sum of the cost of public utilities and CC accommodation. The\naccommodation services provided by a CC usually include: providing a place for overnight stay, bed\nlinen, and objects necessary for one\u2019s stay.\n\n\nThe administrations of 26 CCs (56%) reported that they do not require payment for their services.\nThat means that IDPs in these CCs pay only for public utilities or pay nothing at all. Administrations\nof 9 CCs (approximately 20%) reported that they do not require payment for utility services.\n\n\nPayment for utility tariffs differed at CCs, but mainly comprised the total cost of services calculated\nby indicators on each CC\u2019s meters as a whole and evenly apportioned to each CC resident. At the\nsame time, only 37% of CCs apply benefits to payments for the accommodation services, public\nutilities, fuel and others for IDPs of subsidized categories.\n\n\n_**The number of beds in each CC visited**_ ranged from 10 to 624. The number of residents living in\neach CC ranged from 10 to 458.\n\n\n\n\uf03c Number of beds\n\uf03c Number of residents\n\n\nAllocation of places in the CC\n\n\n\n**Dnipropetrovsk Region**\n\n\n**Zaporizhzhya Region**\n\n\n**Southern Donetsk Region**\n\n\n**Luhansk Region**\n\n\n**Nothern Donetsk Region**\n\n\n**Kharkiv Region**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 15\n\n\nIn 35% of CCs, some inhabitants (from 1 to 120 persons) _**are in debt for accommodation costs.**_\nFor example, in a transit modular town in Zaporizhzhya, which at the time of the interview housed\n365 IDPs, 120 of IDPs had debts for accommodation services (150 UAH per month per person).\n\n\n\n\uf03c Number of IDP residents\n\uf03c Number of indebted IDPs\n\n\n - Number of CC\n\n\n\n**Dnipropetrovsk Region**\n\n\n**Zaporizhzhya Region**\n\n\n**Southern Donetsk Region**\n\n\n**Luhansk Region**\n\n\n**Nothern Donetsk Region**\n\n\n**Kharkiv Region**\n\n\n\n**980** **114**\n\n\n**561** **206**\n\n\n**327** **14**\n\n\n**276** **4**\n\n\n**276** **21**\n\n\n**655** **98**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 13% \u2013 awkward location;**\n\n**\u2022 13% \u2013 misunderstanding of public utilities tariffs;**\n\n**\u2022 7% \u2013 problems communicating with IDPs;**\n\n**\u2022 2% \u2013 unfriendly atmosphere among IDPs;**\n\n**\u2022 24% \u2013 other.**\n\n\nUsually the IDPs _**live in CCs for:**_\n\n\n\n**Over 1 year**\n\n\n**6-12 months**\n\n\n**2-6 months**\n\n\n**less than 2 months**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn 16 CCs, there have been incidents of _**IDP eviction**_ at the behest of CC administrations.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 50% \u2013 numerous complaints from the neighbours;**\n\n**\u2022 31% \u2013 failure to pay for accommodation;**\n\n**\u2022 19% \u2013 illegal actions;**\n\n**\u2022 12% \u2013 other.**\n\n\n_Note:_ CC administration representatives could provide multiple answers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 16\n\n\nThe representatives of CC administrations noted that _**the degree of IDPs\u2019 socialization and**_\n_**involvement in public life has**_ increased, _**but that media attention to the problems facing**_\n_**IDPs has decreased along with support and assistance from volunteer and humanitarian**_\n_**organizations.**_ 43% of the administrators indicated that IDPs\u2019 financial condition has deteriorated.\n\n\n\n\uf03c Improvement\n\uf03c Same\n\uf03c Deterioration\n\n\nTendencies of IDPs\ndwelling in CCs\n\n\n\n**financial condition**\n\n\n**socialization degree**\n\n\n**level of employment**\n\n\n**health**\n\n\n**psychological state**\n\n\n**involvement in**\n**community life**\n\n\n**number of IDPs willing to**\n**leave CCs**\n\n**support and help from**\n**volunteers and humanitarian**\n**organizations**\n\n**media attention to problems**\n**facing IDPs**\n\n\n**psychological aid to IDPs**\n\n\n**eagerness to employ IDPs**\n\n\n**friendliness of local**\n**residents**\n\n\n**willingness to return**\n**to non-government**\n**controlled areas**\n\n\n**initiative of IDPs searching**\n**for employment**\n\n\n**initiative of IDPs to start**\n**their own businesses**\n\n\n\n**15** **11** **20**\n\n\n**26** **12** **8**\n\n\n**14** **17** **15**\n\n\n**14** **17** **15**\n\n\n**17** **13** **16**\n\n\n**20** **19 7**\n\n\n\n\uf03c Increase\n**5 20 21** \uf03c No change\n\uf03c Decrease\n\n\n**7 8 31**\n\n\n**10** **10** **26**\n\n\n**14** **15 17**\n\n\n**11** **27** **8**\n\n\n**16** **22 8**\n\n\n**18** **15** **13**\n\n\n**16** **18 12**\n\n\n\n**4 29** **13**\n\n\n\nTendencies of IDPs\ndwelling in CCs\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 17\n\n\nConclusions\n\n\nThe results of interviewing IDPs and CC administrations demonstrated both a deterioration in the\nfinancial condition of IDPs and a decrease in state and non-governmental support. 43% of interviewed\nadministration representatives believe that the financial condition of IDPs has deteriorated, and\nmore than half think that support from humanitarian organizations has decreased along with media\nattention.\n\n\nThe administration representatives of 16 CCs reported cases of IDPs being evicted. The most\nwidespread reason for eviction is due to violating dwelling rules, 31% of the administrations\nreported incidents of evicting IDPs due to failure to pay accommodation costs.\n\n\nThe interviews were carried out in CCs which house a total of 3,075 IDPs. Only 37% of CCs where\nthe interviews occurred apply benefits to payments for services for IDPs of subsidized categories.\nAbout a third of these CCs house IDPs who are in debt for costs incurred during their stay. At the\ntime of monitoring, the number of such IDPs was 457, i.e. 15% of CC residents. At the same time,\nthe number of indebted IDPs may reach 120 persons per CC.\n\n\nThe CCs where IDPs reside are dormitories, therapeutic facilities, modular towns and administrative\nbuildings adapted for IDP accommodation. Almost half of the CC administration representatives\ninterviewed work in dormitory CCs. In general, the cost of living at CCs does not exceed 750 UAH\nper month, accommodation in about half of the CCs (48%) costs not more than 200 UAH (taking\ninto account CCs where the accommodation is free), and in 22% of CCs, monthly costs range from\n200 to 400 UAH.\n\n\nAll CCs provide furniture, pillows, linen, etc... Both the interviewed CC administration representatives\nand IDPs consider household problems to be the biggest challenge in CCs. Furthermore, the\nproblems of CCs\u2019 awkward locations and misunderstandings of utility and facility tariffs were\nreported.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.554057240486145, - "start": 112, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CCs", - "confidence": 0.6625645756721497, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9249460101127625, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 18\n\n\nINTERVIEWS WITH LOCAL RESIDENTS\nWHO LIVE NEAR CCS\n\n\nDuring the monitoring, the Right to Protection interviewed 180 local residents of different gender,\nage, and employment type, who live near CCs.\n\n\n9% react negatively to the fact that there is an IDP CC nearby, 58% are neutral, and 33% are\npositive.\n\n\n\n**180**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 9% react negatively to the fact that there is an IDP CC nearby**\n\n**\u2022 58% are neutral**\n\n**\u2022 33% are positive**\n\n\n\nIn general, the local residents interviewed are mostly friendly (47%) and neutral (48%) towards IDPs.\n5% of local residents indicated a negative attitude towards IDPs. 65% of local residents reported\nthat they communicated with IDPs from local CCs.\n\n\nLocal residents say that their everyday life has remained very much the same since the CCs\nappeared. Some local residents complain about disruption to public peace and litter.\n\n\nThey also indicate a slight increase in shop queues. Almost half (46%) of the interviewed local\nresidents believe that their relationships with IDPs are friendly and do not require extra effort by\nIDPs. The remaining local residents recommended that IDPs be more affable, clean areas near the\nCCs, behave decently, take part in community life, and integrate through employment.\n\n\nThe local residents reported that in order for IDPs to adapt to their new places, they could\ncommunicate more with IDPs, treat them friendlier, lower accommodation prices, deal with the\nproblems facing IDPs with understanding, see IDPs as members of the local community, help IDPs\nwith employment and other issues, organize joint activities, give moral support, and help with CC\nrenovations.\n\n\nConclusions\n\n\nDespite the positive attitude of local residents and their willingness to assist and support IDPs,\ninterviews with IDPs revealed that their adaptation to their new communities are not progressing\nbecause the IDPs\u2019 main circle of contacts are fellow IDPs. Therefore, to increase IDPs\u2019 adaptation\nto their new communities, the local executives and self-governing institutions must take additional\nmeasures.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 19\n\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n\n**To Members**\n**of Parliament of Ukraine**\n\n\n**To the Cabinet**\n**of Ministers of Ukraine**\n\n\n**To the Ministry**\n**of the Temporarily**\n**Occupied Territories**\n**and Internally Displaced**\n**Persons in Ukraine**\n\n\n**To local state administrations**\n**and local councils**\n\n\n**To international humanitarian**\n**organizations, volunteer,**\n**charity and other**\n**nongovernmental**\n**Organizations that provide**\n**support to internally**\n**displaced persons in Ukraine**\n\n\n\n1. Amend the Law of Ukraine \u00abOn State Budget of Ukraine for 2016\u00bb in order to provide financial\nsupport to the Comprehensive State Programme for Support, Social Adaptation and Reintegration\nof the Citizens of Ukraine Who Moved from the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine and Areas\nof Anti-Terrorist Operations to Other Regions for the Period up to 2017 approved by Order No.1094\nof the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and take into consideration the necessity to provide financial\nsupport to the Comprehensive State Programme from the 2017 state budget.\n\n\n1. Draft amendments to the Law of Ukraine \u00abOn State Budget of Ukraine for 2016\u00bb in order to\nprovide financial support to the Comprehensive State Programme and take into consideration the\nnecessity to provide financial support to the Comprehensive State Programme when drafting the\n2017 Law on State Budget of Ukraine.\n\n\n2. Ensure proper implementation of the measures prescribed in the complex State Programme,\nparticularly in regards to the following tasks:\n\n- meet the priority needs of the displaced population;\n\n- provide temporary accommodation for displaced families where there are disabled members,\nnamely disabled children;\n\n- ensure the right to accommodation of displaced citizens.\n\n\n3. Develop and introduce a scheme to restructure accommodation (and public utility) debts of\ninternally displaced persons in collective centres.\n\n\n4. Create a scheme of free delivery of pension and social payments to disabled and ill categories of\ninternally displaced persons and ensure its operation.\n\n\n1. Coordinate the implementation of measures for the social adaptation of internally displaced\npersons living in collective centres.\n\n\n2. Interact with international humanitarian organizations to facilitate the provision of humanitarian\nassistance to internally displaced persons living in collective centres.\n\n\n1. Ensure the provision of necessary medical care (including psychological) to internally displaced\npersons in collective centres.\n\n\n2. Inform IDPs living in collective centres of the possibility of and procedure to obtain state benefits,\nincluding one-time financial aid to victims and internally displaced persons, pursuant to Order\nNo.535 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as of October 1, 2014 \u00abOn Approving the Order of\nUsing the Funds Received from Natural and Legal Persons to Provide One-Time Financial Aid to\nVictims and Internally Displaced Persons\u00bb.\n\n\n3. Determine whether physical renovations are needed in the collective centres housing internally\ndisplaced persons which are controlled by state administrations and/or local councils, and finance\nrenovations when necessary.\n\n\n4. Promote relations between the local population and internally displaced persons and facilitate\ntheir adaptation to their new environment by enrolling them into local programmes, hold festivals\nand events.\n\n\n1. Ensure a transparent and controlled scheme of providing humanitarian aid/services to meet the\nbasic needs of internally displaced persons in collective centres.\n\n\n2. Create a system which coordinates the provision of humanitarian aid to IDPs in collective centres\nby international and national organizations.\n\n\nThis publication has been produced with the assistance of the UN Refugee\nAgency (UNHCR). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility\nof \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of UNHCR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For more information\nplease contact: **pr@r2p.org.ua**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/165de971-b623-30c7-b0b9-f2805b95452f/monitoring_of_collective_centres_for_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_829/raw/doc_829_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_829/raw/doc_829_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2c195acc241f4193deed1187f11fc169ad611e11..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_829/raw/doc_829_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### MMC West Africa August 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following trends analysis is put together on the basis\nof available secondary data at the time of publication. It is\nrepresentative of the available information and therefore\nindicative of mixed migratory trends in West Africa.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) was established in February\n2018. It brings together various existing regional initiatives \u2013\nhosted or led by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 engaged\nin data collection, research, analysis and policy development\non mixed migration issues into a new global network of mixed\nmigration expertise.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre - West Africa, provides quality\nmixed migration-related information for policy, programming\nand advocacy from a regional perspective. Our core countries of\nfocus are Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For updates on North\nAfrica please consult MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins at:\n[http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/](http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/)\n\n\nFor more information visit: [www.mixedmigration.org](http://www.mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nYou can contact us by email: [west-africa@mixedmigration.org](mailto:west-africa@mixedmigration.org)\n\n\n\nPhoto credit: DRC\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7855737805366516, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.5552380084991455, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins", - "confidence": 0.8620198369026184, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.820224404335022, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IOM voluntary humanitarian returns from Libya:** On 8 August 2018, the International Organization\nfor Migration (IOM), reported that it had facilitated the return of 10,950 stranded migrants from Libya\nthrough its Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) Programme, following an important increase in the\nnumber of detainees recorded in Libya. Among these, 9,636 were returned to countries in Central and\nWest Africa\n\n**128 West African migrants rescued in the desert near Algeria:** on 11 August 2018, 128 West\nAfrican migrants, including women and children, were rescued by an IOM mission in the desert near\nAlgeria border in Niger and transported to Arlit, in northern Niger.\n\n**Ongoing displacement crisis in the Lake Chad Basin:** According to the Humanitarian Information\nUnit, there are 2,4 million persons displaced in the region resulting from the Boko Haram insurgency\nand 10,7 million in need of humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Burkina Faso\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n##### AUGUST 16 358 *\n\n*last figure available (UNHCR)\n\n###### Context\n\n\n**Continued** **insecurity** **in** **the** **country:**\n[Crisis Watch](https://www.crisisgroup.org/crisiswatch/august-2018) reports numerous attacks on\ncheckpoints and security forces, as well as\nambushes of police convoys, particularly\nin the north and the east of the country.\n\n\nOn 17 August unidentified individuals\nambushed a vehicle of a Canadian mining\ncompany Semafo in the west in Bekuy,\nHauts-Bassins region, killing two civilians.\n\n\nOn 28 August eight security forces members\nwere killed by a landmine while they were driving\nin the far east of the country, towards the Benin\nborder. This is a second mine attack in one month.\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 BURKINA FASO\n\n##### AUGUST 24 800 *\n\nincluding 24 391 * from Mali\n\n\nJULY\n24 798 *\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 MALI\n\n\n## Mali\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n\n###### Context\n\n\n##### AUGUST AUGUST\n\nincluding 15 318 * from Mauritania\nJULY\nand 7 314 * from Burkina Faso\n\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n\n\n**Presidential elections in Mali:** The second\nround of the presidential elections was held on 12\nAugust, opposing incumbent Ibrahim Boubacar\nKeita (IBK) and Soumaila Cisse (Soumi). The IBK\nwon the election with 67% of votes. The election\nprocess was marred by violence and security\nincidents, despite increased security measures\nput in place for the event. A president of a polling\nstation in Timbuktu was killed and a polling\nstation was burned down, according to the\nCitizen Observation Pool of Mali which had more\nthan 2,000 observers in the region, as reported by\n[Voice of America (VOA). The same source reported](https://www.voanews.com/a/malians-vote-in-presidential-runoff-amid-security-concerns/4524912.html)\nthat 50 polling booths closed early in northern\nand central Mali following threats by extremists.\n\n\n**Final report of the Panel of Experts on Mali:**\n[On 29 August a fnal report](http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=%20S/2018/581) was published by the\nPanel of Experts on Mali established pursuant to\nSecurity Council resolution 2374 (2017) on Mali\nto monitor actions or policies that threaten the\npeace, security, or stability of Mali. The report\nhighlights insecurity in northern and central\nMali driven by terrorism and organized crime.\nThis is exacerbated by intercommunal violence\nin Mopti and Menaka resulting in cross-border\nmovements and internal displacement. In the\ncurrent situation the return or repatriation of IDPs\nand refugees has not been possible due to the\nvolatile security situation, drought and famine,\nas well as lack of basic services in return areas.\n\n\n\n**Non-state armed groups attack causes**\n**internal displacement in Ansongo:** On 27\nJuly, non-state armed groups attacked the village\nof Tindinbawen, Ansongo district, in northern\nMali. Several people were killed and around [80](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-people-arrived-exhausted-they-ran-out-water-and-food-during-journey )\n[families were forced to walk 80km to the Tin Hama](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-people-arrived-exhausted-they-ran-out-water-and-food-during-journey )\nvillage, including pregnant women, children and\nelderly persons. The MSF staff who travelled to Tin\nHama to assess immediate needs of the displaced\npersons reported on the deplorable living\nconditions in Tin Hama and the difficult journeys\nendured: \u201cPeople arrived exhausted; they ran\nout of water and food and had to travel through\nthe middle of a storm during their journey.\u201d\n\n###### Policy updates\n\n**School construction project in the Gao**\n**region:** On 15 August the construction project\nof a school in Tacharane was inaugurated, 18\nkm south of Gao. The project involved the\nfinancing of school furniture, a class room and\nan office for the director. It was funded by the\nUnited Nations Multidimensional Integrated\n[Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), through](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/la-minusma-soutient-les-l-ves-de-tacharane)\na contribution from Germany, and is part of the\ncivil-military coordination activities of the United\nNations Mission in Mali. Colonel Aslak Heisner,\nCommander of the United Nations underlined\nthat this project is part of a return to normal\nlife for people, especially for children. All basic\ninfrastructures, such as schools and health centers,\nwere destroyed during the occupation of the\nNorth of Mali. The humanitarian situation remains\na major challenge in the north of the country.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Observation Pool of Mali", - "confidence": 0.9172411561012268, - "start": 150, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5206955671310425, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mali", - "confidence": 0.7466204762458801, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5444774031639099, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n\n## Niger\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n\n##### AUGUST\n###### Diffa 104 288 * Tillabery 19 444 *\n\n*latets figures available (UNHCR)\n\n###### Context\n\n**Angela Merkel visits Niger during her**\n**West Africa tour:** On 15-17 August German\nChancellor Angela Merkel visited Niger to discuss\nmigration from West Africa to Germany. According\nto the [Deutsche Welle, she stressed the need](https://www.dw.com/en/merkel-talks-irregular-migration-in-niger/a-36007938)\nfor security and development to tackle issues\nrelated to brain drain and migration to Europe.\n\n\n**President of Niger stresses need to end**\n**state of chaos in Libya and calls for**\n**further EU assistance in Niger:** Niger\u2019s\nPresident Mahamadou Issoufou told [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-niger/stable-libya-key-to-ending-migration-to-europe-niger-idUSKBN1L11U7)\non 16 August that if Europe wants to halt\nmigrant boat arrivals on its shores from Africa\nit must end the state of chaos in Libya. Prior to\ntalks with Angela Merkel, President Issoufou\nalso called for more European assistance for\nNiger in the field of security and development.\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n\n**IOM voluntary humanitarian returns:** On\n8 August 2018, the [IOM](https://www.iom.int/news/iom-voluntary-humanitarian-returns-continue-libya-number-detained-migrants-soars ) reported that many\nmigrants evacuated to Niger from Libya often opt\nto return home after arriving in Niger by land, from\nwhere IOM organizes their onward transportation\nto their countries of origin. Between January\nand July 2018, IOM reports having returned\n2,175 migrants from Niger to their homes (1,443\nby charters and 732 by commercial airlines).\n\n\n**128 West African migrants rescued in**\n**the desert near Algeria and brought to**\n**northern Niger:** 128 West African migrants,\nincluding women and children were rescued\n\n\n##### AUGUST 177 565 *\n\nincluding 118 868 from Nigeria and\n58 304 from Mali *\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n\nby an IOM mission in the desert near Algeria\nand brought to Arlit in northern Niger, as\nreported by [VOA](https://www.voaafrique.com/a/migrants-secourus-pr%C3%A8s-de-l-alg%C3%A9rie-par-l-onu-/4524195.html) on 11 August. Among the\nrefugees and migrants were nationals of Nigeria,\nBenin, Guinea-Conakry, Guinea-Bissau, C\u00f4te\nd'Ivoire, Mali, The Gambia, Liberia, Cameroon\nand Senegal. IOM reported that they were\nwelcomed on 25 July in the transit center of\nArlit and received first aid, while six refused\nUN assistance and opted to travel to Algeria.\n\n###### Policy Updates\n\n\n**EUCAP Sahel Niger trains women leaders**\n**on prevention of smuggling:** [EUCAP Sahel](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/49782/migration-eucap-sahel-niger-bridge-builder-between-civil-society-and-authorities_en)\n[Niger, an EU civilian capacity building mission,](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/49782/migration-eucap-sahel-niger-bridge-builder-between-civil-society-and-authorities_en)\nhelps women leaders gain a better understanding\nof the work of security forces so that they can\nsensitize other women in their communities\nabout the prevention and fight against migrant\nsmuggling. The European Commission reported\non 28 August that the mission had organized 198\ntraining events in 2017 for more than 3400 people\non issues such as public order, crisis management\nand trafficking.\n\n\n**Emergency Trust Fund for Africa supports**\n**municipalities to respond to pressures on**\n**host communities along migratory routes:**\nSince 2017, the project \"Strengthening the\nsustainable management of the consequences\n[of migratory flows in Niger\" (ProGEM) cooperates](https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/all-news-and-stories/au-niger-le-fonds-fiduciaire-durgence-pour-lafrique-appuie-les-communes-dans-la_en)\nwith 20 local authorities located on the main\nmigratory routes in Niger to strengthen their\ncapacities \u201cto better react to the consequences\nof migration\u201d. To respond to pressures on host\ncommunities along migratory routes in Niger,\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ProGEM is building and expanding health centers\nand hospitals, drinking water supply systems and\nstandpipe networks, toilet blocks and treatment\nrooms in the regions of Agadez, Tahoua and\nZinder. The European Union External Action\nreported on 13 August that more than 150,000\npeople will benefit from better access to these\nbasic services.\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION\n\n## Other regional information\n\n###### Arrivals of West African refugees and migrants to Europe between 1 January and 31 August 2018. *latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n###### Cote d'Ivoire\n\n**Presentation of a platform for the protection of migrants:** The [Directorate General of Ivorians](http://apanews.net/index.php/news/presentation-dune-plateforme-multipartite-pour-la-protection-des-migrants-en-periode-de-crise )\n[Abroad](http://apanews.net/index.php/news/presentation-dune-plateforme-multipartite-pour-la-protection-des-migrants-en-periode-de-crise ) (DGIE) presented on 22 August in Abidjan a \"multi-stakeholder coordination platform\" for\nthe protection of Ivorian migrants in times of crisis, as reported by Agence de Presse Africaine. This\nprotection system is funded by the European Union and was presented to the Ivorian authorities by the\nInternational Center for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD). It aims in particular to create a multistakeholder coordination framework for the protection of migrants in times of acute crisis in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire\nand beyond the country's borders. This platform will make it possible to identify and define the roles\nand responsibilities of the stakeholders, pool the resources of various entities in emergency situations\nand carry out the monitoring and evaluation of interventions in favor of migrants in times of crisis.\n\n###### Nigeria\n\n**Deadly cattle raids causes displacement in Zamfara state:** [Hundreds of persons were killed](https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/deadly-cattle-raids-zamfara-nigeria-crisis-180819221942335.html)\nand thousands displaced due to an escalation in cattle rustling and violence by cow thieves in Zamfara\n[state, in the north-west of Nigeria, as reported by Al Jazeera. According to an estimate from Amnesty](https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/278643-attacks-zamfara-records-more-idps.html )\n[International, at least 371 people were killed in Zamfara state alone since January. As a response to](https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/278643-attacks-zamfara-records-more-idps.html )\nviolence, young people armed with sticks and crude weapons have formed vigilante groups in several\ncommunities. According to the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) cited in the Premium Times on 2 August,\nvictims from different villages in Zamfara are moving to Maradun town as a result of the violence, and\nfive IDP camps have now been established.\n\n###### Chad\n\n**Refugee Housing Unit (RHU) training:** Between 14 and 18 August, 18 persons (refugees,\nUNHCR staff and UNHCR partners) participated in a training course on the installation of the\nRHU in the host villages of Moissala in Chad. This training allowed the participants to learn\nthe different steps in the process of setting up and installing RHU. According to the National\nAdministrator in charge of the environment and shelter UNHCR N'Djamena, RHU is a revolutionary\nprototype for new housing units in refugee camps. Through the RHU, UNHCR aims at improving\nthe emergency shelters by providing better housing for refugees in camps and host villages.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NEW RESEARCH AND REPORTS\n\n\n**Ongoing displacement crisis in Lake Chad Basin:** on 24 August the Humanitarian\nInformation Unit released a [factsheet entitled the Ongoing Displacement Crisis in the Lake](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WestAfrica_LakeChadDisplacement_2018Aug23_HIU_U1863.pdf)\nChad Basin. According to their data, 2,4 million persons are displaced in the region as a\nresult of the Boko Haram insurgency and 10,7 million are in need of humanitarian assistance.\n\n## New research and reports\n\n\n**Impact of EU migration management measures in Niger:** On 25 August the [New York](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/25/world/africa/niger-migration-crisis.html)\n[Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/25/world/africa/niger-migration-crisis.html) published an investigative piece on the economic and security impacts of EU funded\nborder management activities in Niger. According to the report the closing of the migration\nroute has impacted on border town\u2019s ability to pay for essential services such as schools and\nhealth services, as a result of the loss of funds from the migration industry. The research also cites\na military intelligence document reporting an increase of criminal activity in Niger, including\ndrug smuggling and robbery. The report attributes this to the closure of migration routes, arguing\nthat it has led to former smugglers turning to other criminal activities as a source of income.\n\n\n[\"Meet'Baba IDP': the local hero making sure Boko Haram victims get healthcare\", IRIN News, 7 August 2018.](https://www.irinnews.org/feature/2018/08/07/Nigeria-idp-boko-haram-healthcare-local?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=https%3a%2f%2fwww.irinnews.org%2ffeature%2f2018%2f08%2f07%2fNigeria-idp-boko-haram-healthcare-local&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_080818)\nA retired civil servant, Iddrisu Ibrahim Halilu, also known as Baba IDP, has been struggling to\nprovide people displaced by Boko Haram insurgency with health care. His main activity is\nsourcing funds to meet the urgent medical needs of people in the IDP camp in Darumi district\nin Abuja. More than 3,000 persons live in the camp and are not able to return to their homes.\n\n\n[Nora McKeon, \u2018Getting to the root causes of migration\u2019 in West Africa \u2013 whose history,](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2018.1503842)\n[framing and agency counts?, Globalizations, Volume 15, Issues 6, pp. 870-885, 2018.](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2018.1503842)\n\n\nThe article critically assesses \u201cthe root causes of migration\u201d in West Africa and links them to decades of\npolicies which have impoverished rural economies and dispossessed small scale producers to make room\nfor export-oriented monocultures. The article outlines how the EU\u2019s strategy for \u2018addressing the root\ncauses of migration\u2019 involves using EU cooperation funds to leverage resources from private investors\n\u2018looking for new investment opportunities in emerging markets\u2019. The author argues that this approach\npromotes the same aforementioned model of agricultural production and global value chains that lead\npersons to migrate . The paper seeks to reframe the issues from the viewpoint of rural organizations in the\nterritories from which migrants originate, and argues that their voice is always lacking from the debate.\n\n\n[The Linkages between Migration, Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development, IFAD, August 2018.](https://www.ifad.org/web/knowledge/publication/asset/40721583)\n\n\nThis joint publication by IFAD, FAO, IOM and WFP explores drivers and impacts of migration\n(international, internal, rural-to-urban, rural-to-rural). The publication draws on a range of contexts and\nsituations, including examples in the Sahel, including specific countries such as Nigeria, Mali and Niger.\nThe report assesses the impact of migration on the countries of origin and destination, with a\nfocus on rural areas and the agricultural sector. It also discusses how agricultural and social policies\ncan address these challenges and capitalize on the opportunities created by migration trends.\n\n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/332d5143-1ea5-3d7f-983b-7ac04f9f36e2/ms-wa-1808-1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_83/raw/doc_83_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_83/raw/doc_83_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d30f452af460a6cbdcc93c50318b45a5c1487ac6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_83/raw/doc_83_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 135**\n\n# **Des \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s-migrants \u00bb :** **Les parcours d\u2019exil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal**\n\n**Marion Fresia**\n\nChercheur Associ\u00e9 au Centre d'Etudes Africaines,\nEcole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris.\nExperte Associ\u00e9e au Haut Commissariat aux R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, Gen\u00e8ve.\n\nE-mail : marfresia@yahoo.fr, fresia@unhcr.org\n\nDecember 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nL\u2019image la plus r\u00e9pandue du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est celle d\u2019un espace ferm\u00e9 et isol\u00e9 dans\nlequel des milliers de personnes survivent gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire. Cette\nimage ne refl\u00e8te pourtant pas la diversit\u00e9 des situations rencontr\u00e9es sur le terrain.\nQuelle que soit leur forme, ouverts ou ferm\u00e9s, \u00e9troitement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s\ndu pays d\u2019accueil ou non, les sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 jamais compl\u00e8tement\nclos.\n\n\nLe d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et le regroupement dans des camps suscitent sans cesse de\nnouvelles formes de mobilit\u00e9s, qui sont activement recherch\u00e9es par les individus pour\nreconstruire un capital \u00e9conomique, social et politique. Lorsque la libert\u00e9 de\ncirculation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est restreinte par les pays d\u2019asile, ces mobilit\u00e9s ne\ndisparaissent pas pour autant. Elles deviennent simplement clandestines et donc\ninvisibles aux yeux de l\u2019observateur non averti. M\u00eame des camps tels que Dadaab au\nKenya ou Kigoma en Tanzanie, r\u00e9put\u00e9s pour leur isolement, se trouvent en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 au\nc\u0153ur de cha\u00eenes migratoires et de transferts financiers consid\u00e9rables entre leurs\nhabitants (S.Turner, 2002 ; Horst, 2002).\n\n\nMettre en \u00e9vidence l\u2019existence de ces mobilit\u00e9s \u00ab recherch\u00e9es \u00bb ne va pas toujours de\nsoi, car elles se construisent sur plusieurs territorialit\u00e9s et cat\u00e9gories identitaires \u00e0 la\nfois et empruntent souvent les voies de l\u2019informel et de la clandestinit\u00e9. A partir de\nl\u2019exemple des Haalpulaaren mauritaniens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, cet article se propose\nd\u2019illustrer comment, en adoptant une m\u00e9thode de recherche empirique et une\nperspective historique, il est possible d\u2019apporter un \u00e9clairage sur cette fronti\u00e8re floue\nentre migration \u00ab forc\u00e9e \u00bb et migration \u00ab recherch\u00e9e \u00bb.\n\n\nEn nous situant tour \u00e0 tour de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur puis de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur d\u2019un site de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, et en\ntravaillant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des cercles \u00e9largis de parent\u00e9, nous avons identifi\u00e9 au moins\ntrois fili\u00e8res migratoires qui se sont constitu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Elles ont\npermis aux Mauritaniens de se reconstruire sans d\u00e9pendre de la seule assistance\nhumanitaire, en contournant les contraintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ambivalence de leur statut de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s avoir bri\u00e8vement rappel\u00e9 le contexte de leur arriv\u00e9e au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et\npr\u00e9sent\u00e9 la m\u00e9thode de recherche utilis\u00e9e, nous expliquerons comment ces fili\u00e8res se\nsont progressivement structur\u00e9es suivant une logique de recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Nous\nmontrerons, en particulier, comment elles se sont inscrites dans des formes de\nmobilit\u00e9s plus anciennes caract\u00e9ristiques des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sah\u00e9liennes, tout en prenant une\ndimension particuli\u00e8re dans le contexte de l\u2019exil et du droit d\u2019asile.\n\n\n**Une mobilit\u00e9 \u00ab sous contrainte \u00bb : la crise de 1989**\n\n\nEn avril 1989, un incident frontalier entra\u00eene un d\u00e9cha\u00eenement de violences\ncommunautaires \u00e0 Dakar et \u00e0 Nouakchott ainsi que la rupture des relations\ndiplomatiques entre le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et la Mauritanie. Chaque pays rapatrie alors ses\nressortissants respectifs par voies terrestre et a\u00e9rienne, mais en Mauritanie, le\ngouvernement expulse \u00e9galement des milliers de ses propres ressortissants,\nd\u2019authentiques mauritaniens qui pouvaient facilement se confondre avec des\nS\u00e9n\u00e9galais du fait de la couleur de leur peau et de leur appartenance aux m\u00eames\ngroupes ethniques. Pour le gouvernement, l\u2019objectif \u00e9tait d\u2019\u00e9carter certains\nfonctionnaires, appartenant principalement au groupe ethnique haalpulaar, qui\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u00e9non\u00e7aient l\u2019oppression subie par les Noirs en Mauritanie au sein d\u2019un mouvement\npolitique clandestin appel\u00e9 les Forces de Lib\u00e9rations des Africains de Mauritanie\n(FLAM). Il s\u2019agissait \u00e9galement de lib\u00e9rer des terres dans le Sud du pays en expulsant\nles agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs haalpularen qui en avaient traditionnellement le contr\u00f4le,\net en les redistribuant \u00e0 de riches commer\u00e7ants maures qui faisaient all\u00e9geance au\nr\u00e9gime.\n\n\nChass\u00e9s vers la rive gauche du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9s de leurs\npapiers d\u2019identit\u00e9, de leur cheptel et de leurs terres, les Haalpulaaren mauritaniens\nn\u2019arriv\u00e8rent pas en terre inconnue. Agriculteurs comme \u00e9leveurs [1] avaient l\u2019habitude\nd\u2019aller et venir de part et d\u2019autre du fleuve o\u00f9 ils avaient des terres, des membres de\nleur famille et des amis. Leurs grands-parents ou arri\u00e8re-grands-parents \u00e9taient en\neffet originaires de la rive gauche du fleuve qu\u2019ils avaient quitt\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du 20 [\u00e8me]\nsi\u00e8cle pour s\u2019installer sur la rive mauritanienne. La fronti\u00e8re instaur\u00e9e par la France\nentre le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et la Mauritanie dans le cadre de la colonisation resta toujours\nartificielle aux yeux des Haalpulaaren dont les anciens empires s\u2019\u00e9tendaient de part et\nd\u2019autre du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Pendant toute la p\u00e9riode coloniale et post-coloniale, les\nhaalpularen mauritaniens continu\u00e8rent ainsi \u00e0 cultiver des terres sur la rive oppos\u00e9e \u00e0\ncelle de leur lieu de leur r\u00e9sidence, \u00e0 se marier avec leurs parents s\u00e9n\u00e9galais et \u00e0 faire\ntranshumer leur b\u00e9tail suivant des axes perpendiculaires au fleuve.\n\n\nAussi, en 1989, de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s furent h\u00e9berg\u00e9s et secourus par leurs parents ou\namis s\u00e9n\u00e9galais tandis que d\u2019autres furent pris en charge par la Croix Rouge et\nregroup\u00e9s dans plus de 250 petits sites le long de la fronti\u00e8re s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-mauritanienne\n(cf carte 1). Reconnus par le gouvernement s\u00e9n\u00e9galais comme \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00bb de prima\nfaci\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de mani\u00e8re collective et \u00e0 priori, tous b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e8rent d\u2019une aide\nhumanitaire et de la protection juridique du HCR. Toutefois, ils ne re\u00e7urent jamais de\nv\u00e9ritables papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 du gouvernement s\u00e9n\u00e9galais attestant de leur statut.\nCelui-ci ne leur octroya que de simples \u00ab recepisses de demande au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb\nvalables pour une dur\u00e9e de trois mois renouvelable. Si ce flou juridique ne posa pas de\nprobl\u00e8mes les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, nous verrons qu\u2019il donnera par la suite l\u2019occasion aux\nautorit\u00e9s s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises de revenir sur leur d\u00e9cision de reconna\u00eetre les Mauritaniens\ncomme des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nCet article s\u2019appuie sur le cas des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des sites de Ndioum et d\u2019Ari Founda\nBeylane. Ndioum est le village de refugi\u00e9s le plus grand du d\u00e9partement de Podor\n(plus de 2000 habitants en 1989), situ\u00e9 \u00e0 1 km de la commune s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise de Ndioum.\nH\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne, ce site est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019une majorit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9leveurs peuls ou FulBe qui\nhabitaient le Sud de la Mauritanie, et d\u2019une minorit\u00e9 d\u2019anciens fonctionnaires,\nenseignants, infirmiers et militaires, qui \u00e9taient en poste dans les grandes villes\nmauritaniennes. D\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9s de leur cheptel, les \u00e9leveurs arriv\u00e8rent particuli\u00e8rement\nd\u00e9munis d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019ils n\u2019avaient pas de parents proches dans la zone de\nNdioum. Ils n\u2019eurent pas d\u2019autres choix que d\u2019\u00eatre pris en charge par la Croix Rouge\net le HCR, et achemin\u00e9s vers le camp le plus proche de leur point d\u2019arriv\u00e9e. Certains\nfonctionnaires avaient, par contre, des membres de leurs familles parmi les Ndioumois\n\n\n1 Les Haalpulaaren forment une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9e \u00e0 la t\u00eate de laquelle se trouvent les groupes\n\u00ab libres \u00bb, qui sont constitu\u00e9s principalement par des \u00e9leveurs ( _FulBe_ ) et par des agriculteurs et\nmarabouts lettr\u00e9s (les _TorooBe_ ). Les autres groupes ne sont pas consid\u00e8r\u00e9s comme \u00ab de sang noble \u00bb et\nsont form\u00e9s par des castes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans des professions artistiques ou manuelles (griots, bijoutiers,\nforgerons, etc) et par des anciens esclaves ( _MaccuBe_ ).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "mais ils pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e8rent rejoindre le camp afin d\u2019\u00eatre plus visibles aux yeux de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 internationale et d\u00e9noncer l\u2019ampleur du pr\u00e9judice subi. Ari Founda\nBeylane est, au contraire, un petit site de 500 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s localis\u00e9 dans les zones de\nd\u00e9cr\u00fbe (le waalo) du d\u00e9partement de Podor. Ses habitants, des agriculteurs\nappartenant au groupe des TorooBe, sont tous originaires d\u2019un m\u00eame village,\nBeylane, et avaient des terres ainsi que des relations de parent\u00e9 tr\u00e8s proches dans leur\nzone d\u2019accueil. Aussi se sont-ils spontan\u00e9ment install\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des ces derniers\nafin d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux terres familiales.\n\n\nLes Mauritaniens des sites de Ndioum et Ari Founda Beylane re\u00e7urent une assistance\nen vivres jusqu\u2019en 1995 et un appui dans les secteurs de la sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation\njusqu\u2019en 1998. Notre enqu\u00eate de terrain s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e entre 2001 et 2004, dans un\ncontexte de d\u00e9sengagement progressif du HCR et de faible m\u00e9diatisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nmauritaniens. Apres plus de dix ann\u00e9es d\u2019exil, ces-derniers sont en effet devenus de\nmoins en moins visibles d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019avec la fin de l\u2019assistance humanitaire, les\nhommes commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 quitter les sites pour chercher du travail.\n\n\nDe plus, depuis le r\u00e9tablissement de ses relations diplomatiques avec la Mauritanie en\n1992, le gouvernement s\u00e9n\u00e9galais fait en sorte de ne pas provoquer la son homologue\nmauritanien par un soutien trop \u00e9vident aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens. Ce contexte\nd\u2019\u00e9tude nous a donc permis d\u2019observer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en dehors des institutions que\nles nomment et d\u2019adopter tr\u00e8s vite un regard distanci\u00e9 sur notre objet d\u2019\u00e9tude. Ayant\nla possibilit\u00e9 de s\u00e9journer au sein m\u00eame des sites et d\u2019observer quotidiennement les\nactivit\u00e9s et les pratiques des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au del\u00e0 de leurs discours, nous nous sommes\naper\u00e7us que les \u00ab choses ne sont pas toujours ce que l\u2019on croit qu\u2019elles sont \u00bb et que\n\u00ab les acteurs ne jouent pas toujours le r\u00f4le que leur assigne leur statut \u00bb (Becker,\n1986).\n\n\nTr\u00e8s vite en effet, nous avons observ\u00e9 que la vie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne se limitait pas \u00e0 la vie\ndans les camps, mais se d\u00e9roulait \u00e9galement sur d\u2019autres sc\u00e8nes situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur\ndes sites, dans des lieux plus ou moins \u00e9loign\u00e9s. Pour reconstruire les parcours d\u2019exil\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les restituer dans une histoire plus longue, il nous est alors apparu\n\u00e9vident qu\u2019il fallait replacer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s habitant les sites \u2013 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des femmes,\nvieillards et enfants - dans leur cercle d\u2019appartenance plus large, afin de retrouver la\n\u00ab trace \u00bb de leurs fr\u00e8res, leurs fils ou leurs cousins dont ils d\u00e9pendent financi\u00e8rement.\nNous avons alors constat\u00e9 que la plupart de ces derniers \u00e9taient dispers\u00e9s entre les\nzones pastorales du Ferlo s\u00e9n\u00e9galais, les grands centres \u00e9conomiques d\u2019Afrique de\nl\u2019Ouest et d\u2019Afrique Centrale, et les pays occidentaux (cf. Carte 2).\n\n\n**Des migrations \u00ab recherch\u00e9es \u00bb : l\u2019exemple de trois fili\u00e8res migratoires**\n\n\nTrois types de fili\u00e8res migratoires se sont constitu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir du site de Ndioum: des\nfili\u00e8res locales de migration \u00e9conomique, qui ne d\u00e9passent pas le bassin s\u00e9n\u00e9galomauritanien, des fili\u00e8res de migration \u00e9conomique sous-r\u00e9gionale, qui s\u2019\u00e9tendent\njusqu\u2019en Afrique centrale, et des fili\u00e8res de migration politique qui ont pour\ndestination l\u2019Europe et les USA. Chacune d\u2019entre elle s\u2019inscrit dans une certaine\ncontinuit\u00e9 avec des formes de mobilit\u00e9s plus anciennes, tout en prenant une nouvelle\ndimension dans le contexte du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Les fili\u00e8res migratoires du bassin s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-mauritanien_\n\n\nEn 1989, les \u00e9leveurs peuls arriv\u00e8rent \u00e0 Ndioum d\u00e9munis et leur expulsion eut pour\ncons\u00e9quence d\u00e9sastreuse leur s\u00e9dentarisation forc\u00e9e. Leur priorit\u00e9 \u00e9tait d\u2019obtenir des\nliquidit\u00e9s pour reconstituer au plus vite un petit cheptel, symbole de leur statut social\ncomme \u00e9conomique. D\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, alors qu\u2019ils recevaient encore des\nvivres, les plus \u00e2g\u00e9s se contentaient de revendre une partie de dons, tandis que les plus\njeunes d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent de pratiquer le commerce de contrebande entre la Mauritanie et le\nS\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Cette activit\u00e9 leur permettait de faire du b\u00e9n\u00e9fice rapidement gr\u00e2ce au taux\nde change sans engager un capital initial important. Toutefois, elle \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s\ndangereuse : non seulement les militaires et les douaniers surveillaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque\n\u00e9troitement la fronti\u00e8re, mais surtout, les Mauritaniens n\u2019\u00e9taient pas cens\u00e9s pouvoir\nrentrer dans leur pays d\u2019origine au regard de leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Au regard du droit\ninternational, tout retour volontaire d\u2019un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 dans son pays d\u2019origine peut en effet\n\u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme un acte d\u00e9montrant qu\u2019il ne craint plus d\u2019y \u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9 et\npeut ainsi entra\u00eener la cessation de son statut (nous y reviendrons).\n\n\nDans un premier temps, seuls quelques jeunes osaient ainsi faire ces va-et-vient\nnocturnes. Il s\u2019agissait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des cadets de la famille qui, en Mauritanie,\navaient \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s par leur famille travailler ou \u00e9tudier dans des grands centres\nurbains o\u00f9 ils avaient fait un certain apprentissage de l\u2019art de la d\u00e9brouillardise et du\ncontournement (Ould Ahmed Salem, 2001 ). Puis, cette activit\u00e9 se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisa\nrapidement si bien qu\u2019une v\u00e9ritable fili\u00e8re de produits de contrebande se mit\nprogressivement en place dans la vall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Du commerce de simples\nbiens de consommation tels que le sucre, le th\u00e9 ou le cuir, d\u2019autres jeunes se\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e8rent dans les produits v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires, et d\u2019autres encore dans les pi\u00e8ces\nm\u00e9caniques et les produits de haute technologie (Fresia, 2004 ).\n\n\nLorsque les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices obtenus \u00e9taient importants, les jeunes \u00ab fraudeurs \u00bb d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent\nd\u2019investir leur argent dans l\u2019ouverture de boutiques de produits manufactur\u00e9s dans les\ngrandes villes s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises ou mauritaniennes, o\u00f9 personne ne les connaissait sous\nleur identit\u00e9 de \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00bb. Ces villes \u00e9taient choisies l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils avaient des\nconnaissances ou des parents pr\u00eats \u00e0 les aider dans leurs d\u00e9marches administratives.\nEn effet, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne pouvaient obtenir un registre de commerce ni une cantine au\nmarch\u00e9 sur simple pr\u00e9sentation de leur \u00ab r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9 de demande au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb.\nSeul document officiel qu\u2019ils poss\u00e9daient, ce r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9 ne fut, en pratique, jamais\nreconnu par les administrations s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises. Subissant tracasseries administratives et\npolici\u00e8res pour circuler et travailler librement, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n\u2019avaient donc pas d\u2019autres\nchoix que d\u2019obtenir des cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise par voie frauduleuse, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\nl\u2019appui de parents bien plac\u00e9s, afin d\u2019ouvrir leurs \u00e9choppes et subvenir \u00e0 leurs\nbesoins.\n\n\nAinsi certains s\u2019implant\u00e8rent \u00e0 Saint-Louis, \u00e0 Thi\u00e8s ou encore dans la zone de\nLing\u00e8re. Tandis que d\u2019autres dont les parents ou soutiens se trouvaient toujours en\nMauritanie, choisirent de s\u2019installer dans des villes mauritaniennes \u2013 ce qui supposait\ndans ce cas d\u2019obtenir de nouveaux papiers mauritaniens. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, ils se faisaient\npasser pour S\u00e9n\u00e9galais, et de l\u2019autre pour des Mauritaniens non r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Dans les\nsites, o\u00f9 ils laissaient leur famille, ils affichaient toutefois leur identit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vis\u00e0-vis des Ndioumois, des autorit\u00e9s locales et des organisations humanitaires.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Apr\u00e8s quelques mois ou ann\u00e9es d\u2019activit\u00e9, les jeunes commer\u00e7ants embauchaient\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un \u00ab aide-boutiquier \u00bb, le plus souvent un neveu ou un cousin, choisi\nparmi les membres de la famille \u00e9largie qui avait facilit\u00e9 leurs d\u00e9marches pour obtenir\ndes papiers ou une cantine au march\u00e9. Ce soutien leur permettait de payer leur dette\nenvers leurs bienfaiteurs tout en se lib\u00e9rant de certaines contraintes. Ils confiaient par\nailleurs le commerce de contrebande \u00e0 leur plus jeune fr\u00e8re. Les marchandises\nachet\u00e9es en Mauritanie \u00e9taient en partie revendues au sein de la boutique et en partie\ndans les march\u00e9s hebdomadaires.\n\n\nLes revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le commerce de contrebande et la gestion de boutiques de\nproduits manufactur\u00e9s permirent \u00e9galement aux jeunes boutiquiers d\u2019acheter du b\u00e9tail\net de reconstituer progressivement un cheptel cons\u00e9quent. Le b\u00e9tail est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\nconfi\u00e9 aux aines qui font office de bergers dans les zones pastorales situ\u00e9es dans le\nFerlo s\u00e9n\u00e9galais, au Sud des sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Contrairement aux plus jeunes, ceux-ci\nvivaient autrefois dans les zones pastorales et n\u2019avaient jamais acquis d\u2019autres\ncomp\u00e9tences que l\u2019\u00e9levage ou l\u2019agriculture. Au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, ils ont donc naturellement\nrepris leurs activit\u00e9s agricoles sans jamais prendre le \u00ab risque \u00bb de se reconvertir au\ncommerce ni de s\u2019aventurer vers les grandes villes s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises comme leurs fr\u00e8res\ncadets.\n\n\nLes boutiques de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens se sont ainsi progressivement multipli\u00e9es dans\nles grandes agglom\u00e9rations du bassin s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-mauritanien. On remarque m\u00eame que\nchaque cercle de parent\u00e9 ou \u00ab lignage \u00bb s\u2019est implant\u00e9 dans une localit\u00e9 bien\nparticuli\u00e8re : les GamanaaBe \u00e0 Thies, les WodaaBe \u00e0 Saint-louis, les UururBe \u00e0\nLinguere etc (cf.carte 2). Cela s\u2019explique par le simple fait que les foyers de\n\u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s-migrants \u00bb se sont \u00e9largis par le biais du couple patron-apprenti. En effet,\napr\u00e8s quelques ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9conomies, les aides-boutiquiers, qui sont aussi les neveux,\ncousins et/ou jeunes fr\u00e8res investissent \u00e0 leur tour dans l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une boutique. Si\nleur activit\u00e9 est rentable, ils appellent \u00e0 leur tour un autre parent pour venir les\nseconder dans leur travail\u2026 Par effet de \u00ab cascade \u00bb, les boutiques appartenant \u00e0 un\nm\u00eame cercle de parent\u00e9 et de connaissances (le lignage) se multiplient ainsi dans une\nm\u00eame localit\u00e9. Cette expansion rapide du commerce des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuls fut donc\npossible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des jeunes peuls \u00e0 conserver leurs liens avec leurs parents\net amis rest\u00e9s en Mauritanie tout en r\u00e9activant leurs relations avec leurs parents ou\namis s\u00e9n\u00e9galais avec qui ils avaient, avant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements, des contacts plus ou moins\nsporadiques.\n\n\nAinsi, certains jeunes peuls r\u00e9ussirent-ils \u00e0 reconstruire un capital \u00e9conomique en\ntoute discr\u00e9tion, tout en laissant leur famille dans le site de Ndioum pour marquer leur\nappartenance sociale et identitaire au groupe des \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00bb. Toutefois, ces parcours\nde r\u00e9ussite ne concernent pas tous les groupes peuls de Ndioum ni de tous les jeunes\nou \u00ab cadets \u00bb qui avaient fait en Mauritanie l\u2019apprentissage d\u2019un certain art de la\nd\u00e9brouillardise. D\u2019autres n\u2019avaient pas de relations de parent\u00e9 ou d\u2019amiti\u00e9 aussi\n\u00e9tendues au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ni des parents s\u00e9n\u00e9galais ayant suffisamment de moyens ou de\npouvoir pour les soutenir dans leurs d\u00e9marches. Eux n\u2019avaient pas d\u2019autres choix que\nde chercher du travail en Mauritanie o\u00f9 ils avaient encore des \u00ab relations \u00bb. Aussi\nsont-ils devenus de simples migrants saisonniers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans des professions\ntelles qu\u2019\u00e9lectriciens, plombiers et/ou chauffeurs. Ils se rendent quelques mois \u00e0\nNouakchott pour des contrats ponctuels puis rentrent dans le site de Ndioum o\u00f9 ils\nfont du petit commerce de caprins ou des contrats de m\u00e9tayage sur les champs des\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "S\u00e9n\u00e9galais. A l\u2019inverse des jeunes boutiquiers, leur situation est pr\u00e9caire et ne leur a\npas permis de reconstituer un cheptel cons\u00e9quent. De plus, elle est dangereuse car en\ntravaillant clandestinement en Mauritanie, non seulement prennent-ils le risque de\nperdre leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, mais aussi de se faire arr\u00eater par les autorit\u00e9s\nmauritaniennes qui assimilent tout r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 un opposant politique potentiel.\n\n\n_Les fili\u00e8res de migration \u00e9conomique sous-r\u00e9gionale_\n\n\nIl existe un deuxi\u00e8me type de fili\u00e8res migratoires qui s\u2019\u00e9tend au-del\u00e0 du bassin\ns\u00e9n\u00e9galo-mauritanien jusqu\u2019en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et en Afrique Centrale, et qui\nconcerne deux groupes \u00e0 l\u2019oppos\u00e9 de la hi\u00e9rarchie sociale.\n\n\nLes premiers sont les fils de notables, qui habitent le site d\u2019Ari Founda Beylane.\nPropri\u00e9taires fonciers aussi bien sur la rive mauritanienne que s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise, ces\nnotables (torooBe) sont en constante recherche de liquidit\u00e9s pour financer les intrants\net la main d\u2019\u0153uvre n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019expoitation de leurs p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s et pr\u00e9server\nleur patrimoine foncier de part et d\u2019autre du fleuve. Ils demandent ainsi \u00e0 leurs fils\na\u00een\u00e9s de partir vers des pays d\u2019Afrique francophone aux taux de croissance \u00e9lev\u00e9\n(C\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019Ivoire autrefois, Cameroun, Gabon) pour y pratiquer le commerce et renvoyer\nles liquidit\u00e9s obtenues \u00e0 la famille. Le projet migratoire s\u2019articule donc \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s\nrurales, tout comme pour les Peuls qui cherchent des liquidit\u00e9s pour le renouvellement\nde leur cheptel. Ce type de migration \u00e9tait pratiqu\u00e9e bien avant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de\n1989 mais elle concernait surtout les Haalpulaaren S\u00e9n\u00e9galais et non les Mauritaniens.\nOr au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, ces-derniers avaient besoin d\u2019urgence de reconstituer leur capital. En\nr\u00e9activant les liens avec leurs parents s\u00e9n\u00e9galais du village de Ngane \u00e0 travers des\nm\u00e9canismes d\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 et d\u2019entraide, beaucoup ont ainsi migr\u00e9 vers des pays de la\nsous-r\u00e9gion gr\u00e2ce, ou sous l\u2019influence de parents s\u00e9n\u00e9galais d\u00e9j\u00e0 partis ou install\u00e9s\ndans la sous-r\u00e9gion.\n\n\nLe second groupe de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui s\u2019inscrit dans cette fili\u00e8re migratoire est form\u00e9 par\ndes personnes d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es telles que les anciens esclaves (maccuBe) et/ou les plus\njeunes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les benjamins de la famille. Ces d\u00e9parts ne sont pas d\u00e9cid\u00e9s par\nla famille mais individuellement et sont motiv\u00e9s par la volont\u00e9 de s\u2019\u00e9manciper et/ou\nde partir \u00e0 l\u2019aventure. La destination finale est souvent inconnue et le migrant traverse\nplusieurs pays o\u00f9 ils pratiquent divers \u00ab petits boulots \u00bb tels que le commerce\nambulant ou l\u2019exploitation des mines de diamants, avant d\u2019arriver \u00e0 destination. Le\nparcours se dessine au gr\u00e9 des rencontres et des rumeurs qui circulent sur les endroits\no\u00f9 l\u2019on peut faire fortune facilement.\n\n\nDans ce cas, l\u2019argent n\u2019est pas renvoy\u00e9 \u00e0 la famille et ne sert pas \u00e0 financer une\nactivit\u00e9 rurale, agricole ou pastorale. Tout au long de son parcours, le migrant\ns\u2019expose \u00e0 de nombreux risques (rafles polici\u00e8res, r\u00e9seaux de passeurs, etc.). Arriv\u00e9 \u00e0\nsa destination, il arrive qu\u2019il se retrouve livr\u00e9 \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame. les structures\ncommunautaires d\u2019accueil des migrants haalpulaar (suudu), implant\u00e9es depuis des\nd\u00e9cennies dans les pays de destination, tendent en effet de plus en plus \u00e0 se\nd\u00e9manteler (Bredeloup, 1995) et il arrive d\u00e9sormais que le migrant ne trouve pas\nd\u2019h\u00f4te pour l\u2019accueillir, le loger et le prot\u00e9ger. Son insertion dans le pays devient d\u00e8s\nlors tr\u00e8s difficile et il n\u2019est pas rare que certains disparaissent et ne reviennent plus\ndans les sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dans le cadre de cette fili\u00e8re de migration, il existe donc des trajectoires tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales\nsuivant le statut social avant le d\u00e9part (c\u00e9libataire ou p\u00e8re de famille), le type de projet\nmigratoire (soutenu par la famille ou non) et l\u2019existence d\u2019une structure d\u2019accueil dans\nle pays de destination.\n\n\n_Les fili\u00e8res de migration occidentale via le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s_\n\n\nIl existe une troisi\u00e8me fili\u00e8re de migration qui relie les sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux pays\noccidentaux (USA et pays europ\u00e9ens). Elle se distingue des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes en ce qu\u2019elle\na une dimension avant tout politique, et se construit officiellement via le statut de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et la proc\u00e9dure dite de \u00ab r\u00e9installation \u00bb.\n\n\nCette proc\u00e9dure est l\u2019une des trois \u00ab solutions durables \u00bb pr\u00e9vues par le droit\ninternational pour permettre aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de retrouver son pays d\u2019origine ou \u00e0 d\u00e9faut,\nun pays qui lui assurera sa protection juridique. Lorsque le rapatriement n\u2019est pas\nenvisageable, et que l\u2019int\u00e9gration dans le premier d\u2019asile ne peut s\u2019effectuer pour des\nraisons \u00e9conomiques ou s\u00e9curitaires (menaces sur sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique), la\nr\u00e9installation vers un deuxi\u00e8me pays d\u2019asile, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un pays occidental, devient\nalors la seule option restante du point de vue du droit [2] .\n\n\nA Ndioum, comme \u00e0 Ari Founda Beylane et ailleurs dans la vall\u00e9e, les anciens\nfonctionnaires de l\u2019administration mauritanienne dirigeaient le site et y implant\u00e8rent\nune repr\u00e9sentation politique des FLAM. Exil\u00e9s au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, leurs leaders gagn\u00e8rent en\npouvoir et en visibilit\u00e9 en recrutant dans leurs rangs la plupart des \u00e9leveurs peuls et\ndes agriculteurs avec qui ils cohabitaient dans les sites. Tr\u00e8s vite, ils devinrent\n\u00e9galement les porte-parole des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et occup\u00e8rent une place privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e\nd\u2019interm\u00e9diaires entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les organisations (ONG, m\u00e9dias, HCR, etc)\nint\u00e9ress\u00e9s par leur situation. De par leur position d\u2019interface, mais aussi gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leurs\ncomp\u00e9tences, ils r\u00e9ussirent \u00e0 prendre le contr\u00f4le de la gestion de l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire, \u00e0 savoir des vivres, des \u00e9coles et des dispensaires construits dans les sites\npar le HCR. A ce titre, enseignants et infirmiers re\u00e7urent mensuellement des \u00ab primes\nde motivation \u00bb du HCR qui leur permirent de vivre de la seule assistance humanitaire\net de rester dans les camps.\n\n\nTr\u00e8s actifs politiquement, ces fonctionnaires avaient aussi cr\u00e9e des cellules politiques\ndans chaque site de la vall\u00e9e du fleuve et \u00e9taient, dans un premier temps, soutenus par\nle gouvernement s\u00e9n\u00e9galais, qui avait lui-m\u00eame rompu ses relations diplomatiques\navec la Mauritanie. Toutefois, \u00e0 partir de 1992, lorsque les relations entre les deux\npays furent r\u00e9tablies, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal se d\u00e9solidarisa progressivement de la cause des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Subissant la pression de son homologue mauritanien qui mena\u00e7ait de\nproc\u00e9der \u00e0 de nouvelles expulsions de S\u00e9n\u00e9galais, le gouvernement dev\u00eent de moins\nen moins tol\u00e9rant vis-\u00e0-vis des activit\u00e9s politiques que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s menaient sur son\nterritoire. A partir de 1997, les leaders des FLAM furent ainsi \u00e9troitement surveill\u00e9s\npar la brigade sp\u00e9ciale s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise, et somm\u00e9s de dissoudre leurs associations avant\nde recevoir des menaces d\u2019expulsion. De plus, au m\u00eame moment, les primes de\nmotivation qu\u2019ils recevaient au titre de leur fonction d\u2019enseignants, d\u2019infirmiers ou de\n\n\n2 Les USA, le Canada et l\u2019Australie sont les trois pays principaux qui ont \u00e9tabli des quotas pour\naccueillir des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnus dans un premier pays d\u2019asile sur leur territoire. Dans les pays\neurop\u00e9ens, la proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9installation est plus restrictive et s\u2019applique au cas par cas.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "dirigeants des sites furent suspendues tandis que leur incorporation dans\nl\u2019administration s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise \u00e9tait impossible du fait de leur nationalit\u00e9.\n\n\nMenac\u00e9s par le gouvernement s\u00e9n\u00e9galais d\u2019une part, et sans ressources \u00e9conomiques\nde l\u2019autre, les fonctionnaires se retrouv\u00e8rent donc dans une situation pouvant l\u00e9gitimer\nune demande de r\u00e9installation dans un pays tiers. Aussi, ils entreprirent des d\u00e9marches\ndans ce sens en mobilisant les relations qu\u2019ils avaient \u00e9tablies au fil du temps avec le\nHCR et son ONG partenaire.\n\n\nEn novembre 2001, 42 familles \u00ab flamistes \u00bb, soit plus de 240 personnes, furent\nfinalement r\u00e9install\u00e9es aux Etats-Unis. Ces personnes \u00e9taient presque toutes des\nmilitants actifs des FLAM et des \u00ab camarades politiques \u00bb des leaders, qui \u00e9taient\naussi dans certains cas leurs \u00ab promotionaires \u00bb [3] .\n\n\nAux USA, les familles r\u00e9install\u00e9es re\u00e7urent une assistance \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration pendant six\nmois sous forme d\u2019aide au logement et \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage de l\u2019anglais. La plupart des\nfonctionnaires ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints d\u2019accepter des m\u00e9tiers subalternes, tels que le\ngardiennage, la restaurations ou le travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene, ce qui est relativement\nd\u00e9valorisant. Toutefois, ils ont su rapidement utiliser les libert\u00e9s d\u2019expression et les\nmoyens de communication que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique leur offrait en constituant des associations\n\u00e0 caract\u00e8re social sous couvert desquelles ils continuent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 mener des\nactivit\u00e9s politiques. Bas\u00e9s \u00e0 New York et Washington, ils organisent d\u00e9sormais\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des marches, contactent les m\u00e9dias et font du lobbying aupr\u00e8s du\nParlement pour sensibiliser l\u2019opinion am\u00e9ricaine sur la situation des \u00abNoirs \u00bb en\nMauritanie. Ils tentent \u00e9galement de maintenir un certain contr\u00f4le sur les sites de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dont l\u2019existence m\u00eame l\u00e9gitime leur combat politique, en renvoyant\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de l\u2019argent \u00e0 leurs \u00ab client\u00e8les politiques \u00bb locales et en participant au\nfinancement de certains projets de d\u00e9veloppement des villages de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nCette fili\u00e8re de migration vers les pays occidentaux s\u2019est donc constitu\u00e9e via la\nproc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9installation et l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 un parti politique d\u2019opposition au\ngouvernement mauritanien. Dans ce cas de figure, ce ne sont pas les relations de\nparent\u00e9 qui ont permis de migrer, mais le degr\u00e9 de militantisme et d\u2019activisme\npolitique au sein des FLAM, la position d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires et des relations de\ncamaraderie politique. Mais cette fili\u00e8re de migration se diff\u00e9rencie des autres avant\ntout parce qu\u2019elle est l\u00e9gale. Elle s\u2019op\u00e8re gr\u00e2ce au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et non pas par la\nvoie clandestine ni l\u2019obtention frauduleuse de papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 s\u00e9n\u00e9galais ou\nmauritaniens. De plus, c\u2019est une fili\u00e8re qui s\u2019est structur\u00e9e autour de consid\u00e9rations\npolitiques et non pas uniquement \u00e0 partir de motivations \u00e9conomiques, comme dans\nles cas pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.\n\n\nLes in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sont donc grandes entre ceux qui migrent l\u00e9galement vers les pays\noccidentaux, et ceux qui empruntent la voie de l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 parce qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas\nd\u2019autres choix pour survivre \u00e9conomiquement et parce qu\u2019ils ne disposent pas d\u2019autres\npi\u00e8ces d\u2019identit\u00e9 que de \u00ab simple r\u00e9c\u00e9piss\u00e9s de demande du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb.\nAujourd\u2019hui, tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la vall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ont introduit des\ndemandes de r\u00e9installation, esp\u00e9rant suivre la voie emprunt\u00e9e par les \u00ab flamistes \u00bb.\nD\u00e9courag\u00e9s d\u2019attendre une r\u00e9ponse, certains commencent \u00e0 penser migrer\nclandestinement vers l\u2019Europe mais ils sont encore rares \u00e0 tenter cette aventure l\u00e0.\n\n\n3 C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des amis de m\u00eame promotion universitaire.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Des logiques sociales similaires**\n\n\nL\u2019existence de diff\u00e9rentes fili\u00e8res migratoires qui se structurent \u00e0 partir des sites de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s met en \u00e9vidence l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de la population r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e. Les Mauritaniens\ndu seul site de Ndioum connaissent des mobilit\u00e9s g\u00e9ographiques comme sociales tr\u00e8s\ndiverses suivant le cercle de parent\u00e9, d\u2019amiti\u00e9 ou de camaraderie politique auquel ils\nappartiennent, mais aussi suivant leurs origines sociog\u00e9ographiques (urbaines/rurales),\nleur \u00e2ge (cadet/benjamin/a\u00een\u00e9) et leurs comp\u00e9tences (administratives, commerciales\nou techniques). Au-del\u00e0 de cette diversit\u00e9, on remarque n\u00e9anmoins que la\nstructuration de ces fili\u00e8res migratoires a r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 des logiques sociales similaires\nqui s\u2019appuient \u00e0 la fois sur des dynamiques migratoires anciennes et sur un nouveau\ncadre de l\u2019action li\u00e9 au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019exil forc\u00e9.\n\n\n_L\u2019ench\u00e2ssement dans l\u2019histoire longue : la multilocalit\u00e9_\n\n\nLes logiques migratoires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se fondent d\u2019abord et avant tout sur la volont\u00e9\nde reconstruire un capital \u00e9conomique et/ou politique. Elles r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 un souci de\nsurvie et une recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Pour atteindre leurs objectifs, les Mauritaniens ont\nutilis\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies ou encore des tactiques dont ils avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l\u2019apprentissage\navant les \u00e9v\u00e8nements de 1989, notamment pour faire face aux al\u00e9as climatiques,\npolitiques et \u00e9conomiques des ann\u00e9es 70 et 80.\n\n\nComme autrefois, ils ont tout d\u2019abord privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 la multilocalit\u00e9 et la diversification\ndes activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques en alliant une activit\u00e9 rurale (l\u2019agriculture ou l\u2019\u00e9levage)\ndans la vall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 urbaine (le commerce) dans des grands\ncentres urbains de la sous-r\u00e9gion. Avant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements, les familles haalpulaaren\navaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se disperser entre les zones rurales et urbaines afin\nd\u2019associer des activit\u00e9s \u00ab primaires \u00bb \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s commerciales ou salari\u00e9es.\n\n\nDans une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e sur les Peuls de la vall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (1994), Santoir\nmontre par exemple que d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 70, la diminution chronique du cheptel \u2013 li\u00e9e\nplus \u00e0 des facteurs externes que climatiques \u2013 obligea les \u00e9leveurs peuls \u00e0 pratiquer\ndes activit\u00e9s commerciales dans les villes mauritaniennes pour trouver les moyens\nfinanciers de renouveler leurs troupeaux. Il note que, d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 80, le b\u00e9tail\ncommence \u00e0 \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9 et que la vente au d\u00e9tail de produits animaliers (lait,\nhuile animale) mais aussi de cueillette, de charbon ou encore de services magicoreligieux, se r\u00e9pand. Il explique cela notamment par l\u2019introduction de la culture\nirrigu\u00e9e qui contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les espaces de p\u00e2tures dans les zones inondables et ne\npermet plus aux \u00e9leveurs de vivre comme autrefois de leurs seules activit\u00e9s agropastorales. Contraints de se convertir progressivement \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s commerciales et\nde r\u00e9duire leurs parcours de transhumance, les familles peules commenc\u00e8rent ainsi \u00e0\nse disperser entre zones pastorales et milieu urbain, tout comme ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints\nde le faire dans le contexte de l\u2019exil.\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, les agriculteurs torooBe avaient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 quitter les campagnes bien\navant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements. La migration haalpulaar des torooBe remonte en effet aux\nann\u00e9es 30 avec la colonisation fran\u00e7aise, qui contribua \u00e0 susciter d\u2019importants\ntransferts de population via le travail forc\u00e9 et l\u2019administration coloniale de l\u2019AOF\n(Bredeloup, 1995). Depuis cette \u00e9poque, les haalpulaaren commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 faire venir\nleurs parents rest\u00e9s dans la vall\u00e9e du fleuve pour y pratiquer le commerce ou d\u2019autres\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "petits m\u00e9tiers. Avec l\u2019introduction de la culture irrigu\u00e9e et le besoin croissant de\nliquidit\u00e9s pour financer les intrants, les d\u00e9parts se sont intensifi\u00e9s. Cette fili\u00e8re \u00e9tait\nalors tr\u00e8s structur\u00e9e : le migrant, soutenu par la famille dans son projet, \u00e9tait accueilli\npar les ressortissants de son village d\u00e9j\u00e0 install\u00e9s sur place. Il existait des structures\nd\u2019accueil (suudu) bien \u00e9tablies qui permettaient aussi au village d\u2019origine d\u2019exercer un\ncertain contr\u00f4le sur le migrant. Comme mentionn\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, si les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se\nsont ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans ces fili\u00e8res de migration anciennes, certains sont partis seuls et ne\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de ce soutien communautaire.\n\n\nPour reconstituer un capital \u00e9conomique et social, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9galement mis en\n\u0153uvre deux autres strat\u00e9gies qui pr\u00e9sentent, comme la premi\u00e8re, une certaine\nhistoricit\u00e9: l\u2019activation des cercles de parent\u00e9 et d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00e9largis, et le couple \u00ab patronapprenti \u00bb, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019expansion des foyers de migrants.\n\n\nPour contourner les contraintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, les Mauritaniens se sont\nen effet appuy\u00e9s sur leurs r\u00e9seaux d\u2019appartenance familiale, ethnique mais aussi\npolitique et amicale. C\u2019est en effet suivant ces cercles d\u2019appartenance que les activit\u00e9s\nprofessionnelles se sont dessin\u00e9es et que des sp\u00e9cialisations par zone g\u00e9ographique se\nsont progressivement constitu\u00e9es. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est caract\u00e9ristique des populations\nmigrantes.\n\n\nSantoir (1975) comme Bonte (1999) ont par exemple montr\u00e9 que l'expansion du\ncommerce maure au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s'est faite \u00e0 partir de l'utilisation de logiques tribales et\nfamiliales, et surtout par la possibilit\u00e9 pour chacun de devenir aide-boutiquier chez un\nparent de m\u00eame tribu. C\u2019est ainsi que les Maures se sont progressivement install\u00e9s au\ncours du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle dans les principales villes s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises jusqu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9tenir tout le\ncommerce de vente au d\u00e9tail et en gros. Pendant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de 1989, beaucoup se\nsont fait chass\u00e9s du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ou \u00e9t\u00e9 rapatri\u00e9s en Mauritanie \u00e0 la suite d\u2019actes de\nviolence men\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de leurs commerces. Par une certaine ironie de l\u2019histoire\net un mouvement de chass\u00e9 crois\u00e9, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuls les ont progressivement\nremplac\u00e9s et ont utilis\u00e9 les m\u00eames logiques lignag\u00e8res et familiales dans l\u2019expansion\nde leur commerce. Toutefois, tr\u00e8s peu ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 devenir grossistes comme les\nMaures autrefois. La plupart sont de simples commer\u00e7ants au d\u00e9tail qui subissent de\nplein fouet les fluctuations du march\u00e9.\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, Bredeloup a montr\u00e9 comment, en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, les immigr\u00e9s haalpulaaren\net wolofs s\u00e9n\u00e9galais se sont progressivement implant\u00e9s suivant un syst\u00e8me de\nremplacement des a\u00een\u00e9s par les cadets (au sens large) au sein du foyer de migrant et\nde la boutique.\n\n\nEn contact \u00e0 la fois avec les Maures dans les grandes villes mauritaniennes et les\nHaalpulaaren s\u00e9n\u00e9galais de la vall\u00e9e du fleuve, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens ont donc\nutilis\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les d\u2019organisation \u00e9conomique et sociale caract\u00e9ristiques des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s\nsah\u00e9liennes auxquelles ils appartiennent. Les trajectoires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019inscrivent\ndonc dans des tendances socio-\u00e9conomiques lourdes de la vall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.\nToutefois les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de 1989 et l\u2019intervention humanitaire ont aussi contribu\u00e9 \u00e0\ninfl\u00e9chir ces dynamiques d\u2019une nouvelle mani\u00e8re.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Un nouveau cadre de l\u2019action: le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9**\n\n\nInscrites dans des logiques de multilocalit\u00e9 et de recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les trajectoires\nmigratoires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s prennent place dans un nouveau cadre de l\u2019action li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exil\nforc\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019introduction du droit international. Pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ce cadre est porteur\nde nouvelles contraintes mais aussi de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n_De nouvelles contraintes_\n\n\nL\u2019introduction du droit d\u2019asile, et l\u2019attribution du \u00ab statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb aux\nhaalpulaaren mauritaniens ont eu, dans un premier temps, pour cons\u00e9quence de\nrigidifier leur appartenance nationale \u00e0 la Mauritanie et de restreindre leurs libert\u00e9s de\nmouvement et de travail.\n\n\nRappelons que droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est construit sur une vision nationale et souveraine\ndu monde (Malkki, 1995) et \u00e0 ce titre, il ne peut pas concevoir un individu en dehors\nde son appartenance \u00e0 un Etat-Nation, cens\u00e9 le prot\u00e9ger et lui garantir ses droits\nfondamentaux (\u2026). Ayant fui par crainte de pers\u00e9cution, le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 se d\u00e9finit donc\navant tout comme un \u00eatre ayant perdu la protection de son Etat et devant au plus vite\nretrouver cette protection ou celle d\u2019un autre Etat qui accepterait d\u2019en faire son\ncitoyen. En attendant que cette possibilit\u00e9 soit concr\u00e9tis\u00e9e, le droit pr\u00e9voit que les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s puissent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier provisoirement de la protection d\u2019un autre Etat \u00e0 travers la\nproc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile ainsi que d\u2019une protection internationale.\n\n\nLa Convention de 1951 sur le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 garantit aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s le respect de leurs\ndroits humains fondamentaux pendant cette p\u00e9riode provisoire : droit \u00e0 des papiers\nd\u2019identit\u00e9, libert\u00e9 de mouvement \u2013 y compris \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00e0 travers l\u2019obtention de\n\u00ab titres de voyage \u00bb ; libert\u00e9 de choisir son lieu de r\u00e9sidence ; libert\u00e9 de travailler dans\nle pays d\u2019asile ; libert\u00e9 d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux services publics, etc\u2026 Or en pratique, ces\ndroits sont rarement appliqu\u00e9s par les gouvernements des pays d\u2019asile, essentiellement\npour des raisons politiques ou g\u00e9ostrat\u00e9giques. En Afrique en particulier, l\u2019application\ndu droit d\u2019asile est en effet politis\u00e9e dans le sens o\u00f9 l\u2019attribution du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\u00e0 des populations venues d\u2019un pays voisin et la sauvegarde de leurs droits sont\nsouvent per\u00e7us comme une offense diplomatique par le pays d\u2019origine. Si le pays h\u00f4te\nne souhaite pas envenimer ses relations avec son pays voisin, comme c\u2019est le cas du\nS\u00e9n\u00e9gal vis-\u00e0-vis de la Mauritanie, tout est donc fait pour rendre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s le moins\nvisibles possibles. Ainsi, la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens n\u2019ont jamais re\u00e7u de\npapiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 (des cartes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s) les autorisant officiellement \u00e0 s\u00e9journer,\ntravailler et circuler librement au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ou leur permettant d\u2019obtenir des \u00ab titres de\nvoyage \u00bb pour se rendre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger [4] .\n\n\nCette situation, li\u00e9e \u00e0 la non-application et la politisation du droit d\u2019asile, explique\npourquoi les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens sont contraints d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 des pratiques\nfrauduleuses pour obtenir des papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 s\u00e9n\u00e9galais et/ou mauritaniens selon\nleur lieu de destination. Cela constitue pour eux la seule mani\u00e8re d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s au\nmarch\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi que ce soit au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ou ailleurs, mais aussi aux services publics\n\n4 Seule une minorit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens install\u00e9e \u00e0 Dakar et \u00e0 Saint-Louis ont re\u00e7u en 2000 des\ncartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 valable 10 ans. Ayant provoqu\u00e9 la col\u00e8re des autorit\u00e9s mauritaniennes, la\ndistribution de ces cartes a du \u00eatre suspendue et n\u2019a ainsi jamais b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s install\u00e9s dans la\nvall\u00e9e du fleuve S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(\u00e9cole, centres de sant\u00e9, o\u00f9 des papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 sont syst\u00e9matiquement exig\u00e9) sans\nsubir des tracasseries administratives, tel que le racket. Les plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s, n\u2019ayant\npas de parents \u00ab bien plac\u00e9s \u00bb dans l\u2019administration pour obtenir des papiers ni assez\nd\u2019argent pour en acheter, travaillent et voyagent de mani\u00e8re compl\u00e8tement\nclandestine, s\u2019exposant ainsi \u00e0 des risques sur leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s importants. Aussi,\nleurs logiques migratoires qui correspondent, du point de vue de l\u2019histoire locale, \u00e0\nune recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques en fonction de leurs r\u00e9seaux\nd\u2019appartenance, sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es, au regard de la l\u00e9gislation contemporaine, comme\nill\u00e9gales et clandestines. Elles sont aujourd\u2019hui aussi qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab mouvements\nsecondaires \u00bb dans le jargon institutionnel du HCR.\n\n\nA la non-application du droit s\u2019ajoute un second facteur qui vient complexifier\ndavantage encore leur cadre d\u2019action: l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation abusive et politis\u00e9e des clauses\nde cessation du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 par le HCR et les Etats.\n\n\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s la Convention de 1951, le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 cesse d\u00e8s lors que la crainte d\u2019\u00eatre\npers\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans son pays d\u2019origine n\u2019existe plus ou que le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 a retrouv\u00e9 la\npossibilit\u00e9 de se r\u00e9clamer de la protection de son Etat, ou \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019un Etat tierce\n(Article 1C). En pratique, les clauses de cessation sont souvent utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins\npoliticiennes (Brotman, 2001). Ainsi, lorsque le HCR souhaite se d\u00e9sengager \u2013\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sous pression des Etats \u2013 le retour d\u2019un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 dans son pays d\u2019origine,\net/ou l\u2019acquisition d\u2019un nouveau passeport national, est souvent interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme la\npreuve qu\u2019il n\u2019existe plus de crainte d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9.\n\n\nLe contexte socio-\u00e9conomique et la non-application du droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, qui oblige\nsouvent ces-derniers \u00e0 travailler clandestinement dans leur propre pays, n\u2019est donc pas\npris en compte dans l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation du droit. De m\u00eame, lorsqu\u2019un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 obtient une\ncarte d\u2019identit\u00e9 de son pays d\u2019accueil pour y exercer une profession, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9\ncomme de facto \u00ab int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00bb et sous la protection nationale d\u2019un nouvel Etat. L\u00e0\nencore, le droit est appliqu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re politicienne : est occult\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019il n\u2019y a\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas eu de naturalisation par voie l\u00e9gale, mais uniquement achat ou\nobtention de cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 par voie frauduleuse dans l\u2019unique but de pouvoir\ntravailler et circuler librement.\n\n\nDans ces deux cas de figure - retour dans le pays d\u2019origine ou int\u00e9gration dans le pays\nhote \u2013 il arrive donc tr\u00e8s souvent que les Etats ou le HCR consid\u00e8rent que le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 a\natteint l\u2019une des trois solutions durables, justifiant ainsi le retrait et la cessation du\nstatut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Celui-ci devient d\u00e8s lors per\u00e7u comme un \u00ab faux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb laissant\nses femmes et ses enfants dans les site uniquement pour abuser du syst\u00e8me de l\u2019aide.\nL\u2019interpr\u00e9tation est donc abusive dans le sens o\u00f9 l\u2019on occulte le contexte structurel li\u00e9\n\u00e0 l\u2019exil forc\u00e9 et \u00e0 la non application du droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par les pays h\u00f4tes. En effet,\nsi les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rentrent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans leur pays d\u2019origine ou obtiennent des\npapiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 de leur pays d\u2019accueil, cela ne veut pas dire qu\u2019ils ne craignent plus\nd\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans leur pays d\u2019origine, et encore moins qu\u2019ils ont retrouv\u00e9 la\nprotection juridique d\u2019un Etat, mais seulement qu\u2019ils sont oblig\u00e9s de prendre plus de\nrisques et d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 des faux papiers pour assurer leur existence et reconstruire\nun capital \u00e9conomique et social.\n\n\nEn pratique, cette interpr\u00e9tation abusive du droit contraint les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens a\nsans cesse jouer sur des logiques d\u2019invisibilit\u00e9, ou au contraire, d\u2019hypervisibilit\u00e9 de\nleur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Pour travailler, ils sont contraints de s\u2019\u00e9loigner de leur zone\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019accueil (Ndioum) pour aller l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne les conna\u00eet en tant que \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb et\nl\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils peuvent ouvrir des registres de commerce et avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sous\nune autre identit\u00e9 (s\u00e9n\u00e9galais/mauritanienne, etc) Autrement dit, il n\u2019ont pas d\u2019autres\nchoix que de recourir \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies de dissimulation et de clandestinit\u00e9 pour \u00eatre\nautosuffisants. Inversement, dans les sites de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, il leur faut au contraire mettre\nen sc\u00e8ne leur \u00ab vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00bb et leur impossibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019int\u00e9grer dans leur milieu\nd\u2019accueil afin de correspondre \u00e0 l\u2019image d\u2019une \u00ab victime d\u00e9racin\u00e9e \u00bb, qui a\nprogressivement supplant\u00e9e celle du r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 politique dans le discours du HCR\n(Pupavac, 2006). Or pour les Mauritaniens, la volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9fendre leur statut de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est bien, de leur point de vue, un positionnement politique et non pas\nl\u2019expression d\u2019un statut \u00e9conomique (Fresia, 2006).\n\n\nSeuls les anciens fonctionnaires n\u2019ont pas eu besoin d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 une autre\nidentit\u00e9 ni \u00e0 des logiques d\u2019invisibilit\u00e9. Eux ont, au contraire, jou\u00e9 uniquement sur\nl\u2019\u00ab hyper-visibilit\u00e9 \u00bb de leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 afin d\u2019obtenir et de l\u00e9gitimer leur r\u00f4le\nd\u2019interm\u00e9diaires entre le HCR et les exil\u00e9s, et \u00eatre r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s dans le cadre de\nl\u2019exercice de leur fonction au sein des sites. Les primes de motivation qu\u2019ils\nrecevaient \u00e0 ce titre, en plus des vivres et des projets g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de revenus qu\u2019ils\ncaptaient le plus souvent pour leur propre b\u00e9n\u00e9fice, leur ont permis de vivre sans avoir\nbesoin de mener d\u2019autres activit\u00e9s.\n\n\n_De nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s_\n\n\nSi ces logiques d\u2019invisibilit\u00e9 et ce jeu sur les identit\u00e9s sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 un cadre structurel\ncontraignant (l\u2019absence de reconnaissance de droits et la recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9), elles\nont n\u00e9anmoins, et aussi, constitu\u00e9 pour certains une source de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s\net un moyen de reconstruire un capital \u00e9conomique \u00e0 l\u2019abri des regards indiscrets.\nL\u2019\u00e9loignement et le passage d\u2019une cat\u00e9gorie identitaire \u00e0 l\u2019autre constituent aussi une\nfa\u00e7on d\u2019\u00e9chapper aux pressions sociales exerc\u00e9es par les membres de sa propre\nfamille, et/ou de multiplier les sources d\u2019enrichissement en diff\u00e9rents lieux et sous\ndiff\u00e9rents visages. C\u2019est \u00e9galement un moyen de se prot\u00e9ger contre les critiques des\nautres exil\u00e9s, notamment les leaders, pour qui il est important que les niveaux de vie\nau sein des camps restent en apparence \u00ab homog\u00e8nes \u00bb et que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne montrent\naucun signe d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans le milieu local afin de d\u00e9fendre leur statut.\n\n\nAinsi, dans les sites, personne ne doit savoir qui est riche ou qui est pauvre, et chacun\nse cache du regard de l\u2019autre. Pour certains, la dissimulation appara\u00eet donc aussi\ncomme une strat\u00e9gie pouvant permettre de maintenir \u00ab officiellement \u00bb une fronti\u00e8re\nentre les camps et le milieu autochtone, tout en s\u2019int\u00e9grant \u00ab officieusement \u00bb dans le\nmilieu local. Dans ce jeu sur les fronti\u00e8res et les identit\u00e9s, ce sont d\u2019ailleurs souvent\nles plus riches et les plus int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9conomiques locaux ou\ninternationaux qui revendiquent avec le plus de virulence leur statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 ou de\npauvre victime \u2013 comme c\u2019est le cas, par exemple, de certains fonctionnaires\n\u00ab flamistes \u00bb mais aussi des commer\u00e7ants devenus aujourd\u2019hui grossistes. Le contexte\nhumanitaire favorise ainsi des d\u00e9calages croissants entre discours et pratiques.\n\n\nLe d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et l\u2019intervention humanitaire ont \u00e9galement permis aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nde multiplier leurs cercles d\u2019appartenance d\u2019une mani\u00e8re telle que leur situation se\nsingularise par rapport aux migrants \u00e9conomiques. Install\u00e9s dans une zone frontali\u00e8re\nproche de leur pays d\u2019origine et sur le territoire de leurs anc\u00eatres, ils avaient en effet\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "la possibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019ins\u00e9rer ou de compter \u00e0 la fois sur leurs r\u00e9seaux d\u2019appartenance c\u00f4t\u00e9\nmauritanien et c\u00f4t\u00e9 s\u00e9n\u00e9galais. En Mauritanie, la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s avaient encore\ndes amis, des parents, des promotionnaires ou d\u2019autres connaissances qui pouvaient\nles soutenir financi\u00e8rement, les aider \u00e0 obtenir des papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 ou constituer des\nfournisseurs pour le commerce transfrontalier. Au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, des r\u00e9seaux existaient d\u00e9j\u00e0\nmais l\u2019exil forc\u00e9 a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 les r\u00e9activer et les \u00e9largir. Cela s\u2019est fait le plus souvent\npar la cr\u00e9ation de liens \u00e9conomiques avec la branche maternelle de la descendance,\nqui n\u2019implique pas de relations de concurrence entre ses membres \u2013contrairement \u00e0 la\nbranche paternelle - ou encore par des alliances matrimoniales entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\nS\u00e9n\u00e9galais.\n\n\nEn plus de ces r\u00e9seaux \u00e9conomiques et de parent\u00e9, \u00e0 cheval entre les deux rives du\nfleuve, l\u2019introduction du droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s a \u00e9galement entra\u00een\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un\ntroisi\u00e8me r\u00e9seau d\u2019appartenance et d\u2019identification, celui des \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00bb stricto\ncensus. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur statut, les exil\u00e9s, et en particulier leurs leaders, ont aussi eu un\nacc\u00e8s direct aux organisations internationales, non gouvernementales et aux\ngouvernements des pays occidentaux, ce qui n\u2019est pas non plus le cas des migrants\n\u00ab volontaires \u00bb.\n\n\nOutre l\u2019assistance en vivres, ils ont pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier pendant presque dix ans d\u2019un acc\u00e8s\ngratuit \u00e0 des services tels que l\u2019eau, l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la sant\u00e9. Pour les anciens\nfonctionnaires en particulier, cette situation \u00e9tait une aubaine car leurs comp\u00e9tences\nleur ont permis de devenir des interm\u00e9diaires presque \u00e9vidents entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\nadministrations. Cette position d\u2019interface leur a donn\u00e9 l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de mettre en\n\u0153uvre des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019interm\u00e9diation et de courtage et de nouer progressivement des\nliens \u00e9troits avec le HCR et son ONG partenaire qui leur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement utiles pour\nn\u00e9gocier leur r\u00e9installation aux USA.\n\n\nA la fois Mauritaniens, Haalpulaaren et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les exil\u00e9s ont ainsi d\u00e9multipli\u00e9 leur\nappartenance \u00e0 des r\u00e9seaux d\u2019entraide et de solidarit\u00e9, qui se situent \u00e0 des \u00e9chelles\ndiff\u00e9rentes : nationale, locale et internationale. Cela est particuli\u00e8rement visible \u00e0\ntravers leur affiliation associative et politique, qui est le plus souvent double ou triple:\nmembres d\u2019associations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ils appartiennent aussi \u00e0 des associations et des\nformations politiques mauritaniennes, tout en adh\u00e9rant par ailleurs \u00e0 des groupements\net des partis s\u00e9n\u00e9galais \u2013 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ceux de leurs parents ou bienfaiteurs dont ils\nsont devenus les clients.\n\n\nL\u2019appartenance \u00e0 ces multiples r\u00e9seaux sociaux a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans leurs\ntrajectoires d\u2019exil, en particulier pour avoir acc\u00e8s aux diasporas haalpulaaren\nimplant\u00e9es dans les grandes villes du bassin s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-mauritanien ainsi que dans les\npays de la sous-r\u00e9gion, mais aussi pour faciliter leurs d\u00e9marches aupr\u00e8s des\nadministrations nationales et internationales, notamment pour la r\u00e9installation. Elle est\naussi r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d\u2019un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de cumul de rep\u00e8res identitaires qui n\u2019est pas neutre\nsur la construction du rapport \u00e0 soi et aux autres. Loin d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9s de \u00ab soi \u00bb, les\nparcours d\u2019exil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens se caract\u00e9risent ici plut\u00f4t par une\nd\u00e9multiplication de soi, qui peut aussi bien \u00eatre source d\u2019enrichissement que de\nmalaise identitaire et de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 se \u00ab re-trouver \u00bb. On peut ainsi se demander que\nsignifie pour un Mauritanien que d\u2019\u00eatre cat\u00e9goris\u00e9 par le droit comme \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb sur\nle territoire de ses grands-parents, \u00ab clandestins \u00bb dans son propre pays (lorsqu\u2019il\nretourne chez lui sans papier) et \u00ab migrant s\u00e9n\u00e9galais \u00bb dans un pays tierce ?\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusion**\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tude des trajectoires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens a soulign\u00e9 comment un\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 peut engendrer de nouvelles formes de migrations, qui sont \u00e0 la\nfois \u00ab recherch\u00e9es \u00bb et \u00ab contraintes \u00bb par un nouveau cadre de l\u2019action li\u00e9 au statut\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9.\n\n\nTrois \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s retiendront finalement notre attention. Tout d\u2019abord, ces nouvelles\nfili\u00e8res migratoires, qui se structurent sur des r\u00e9seaux relationnels pr\u00e9existants, sont\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de fortes in\u00e9galit\u00e9s entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, suivant la destination choisie par le\nmigrant, son statut social au sein de la famille et la voie migratoire emprunt\u00e9e \u2013\nformelle ou informelle.\n\n\nEnsuite, fond\u00e9es sur un jeu entre visibilit\u00e9 et invisibilit\u00e9, et sur le passage fr\u00e9quent\nd\u2019une cat\u00e9gorie identitaire \u00e0 une autre, ces mobilit\u00e9s recherch\u00e9es ne contestent pas les\ncontraintes sp\u00e9cifiques li\u00e9es au statut juridique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et au non-respect des\ndroits qui lui sont attach\u00e9s. Elles n\u2019ont pas de port\u00e9e r\u00e9formatrice ou contestataire\npouvant permettre de questionner des normes nationales et internationales inadapt\u00e9es\nou bien non appliqu\u00e9es, qui cr\u00e9ent une situation o\u00f9 les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u2013 \u00e0 l\u2019exception des\nfonctionnaires - sont oblig\u00e9s de rentrer dans l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 ou l\u2019informel pour devenir\nautosuffisants.\n\n\nEnfin, ces fili\u00e8res migratoires qui se construisent sur plusieurs identit\u00e9s et statuts \u00e0 la\nfois \u2013 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, migrants \u00e9conomiques, clandestins mais aussi S\u00e9n\u00e9galais,\nMauritaniens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ou haalpulaar \u2013 ne sont pas sans influencer la construction du\nrapport \u00e0 soi et aux autres, et bien plus que de \u00ab perte de soi \u00bb, l\u2019exil semble ici donner\nlieu \u00e0 des \u00ab feuillet\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre successifs \u00bb dont les identit\u00e9s et les statuts rentrent sans\ncesse en contradiction les avec les autres.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**BIBLIOGRAPHIE**\n\n\nBa, C.O. (1995). \u00ab Un exemple d\u2019essoufflement de l\u2019immigration s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise: les\nS\u00e9n\u00e9galais au Cameroun \u00bb. Mondes en d\u00e9veloppement, vol 23 (n\u00b091) : 31-43\n\nBecker, H.S. (1986). Les ficelles du m\u00e9tier. Paris, La D\u00e9couverte.\n\nBonte, P. (2000). \"Faire fortune au Sahara (Mauritanie) : permanences et ruptures.\"\nAutrepart Nouvelle s\u00e9rie(n\u00b016): 49-66.\n\nBrotman, J & Fitzpatrick, J. (2001). Current Issues in Cessation of Protection Under\nArticle 1C of the 1951 Refugee Convention and Article I.4 of the 1969 OAU\nConvention\", UNHCR, 2001\n\nBredeloup, S. (1995). \"S\u00e9n\u00e9galais en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de C\u00f4te d'Ivoire.\"\nMondes en d\u00e9veloppement vol 23(n\u00b091).\n\nFresia, M. (2004) \u00ab Frauder lorsqu\u2019on est r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00bb, Globalisation et Illicite, Politique\nAfricaine, n\u00b093 : 42-63\n\nFresia, M (2007). \u00ab Pr\u00e9server sa dignit\u00e9. L\u2019impossible retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mauritaniens\nau S\u00e9n\u00e9gal\u201d. Pour une Anthropologie des Sensibilit\u00e9s, Y. Jaffr\u00e9 (\u00e9d.), Karthala (\u00e0\npara\u00eetre).\n\nHorst, Cindy, (2002) \u00ab Xawilaad : the importance of oversea connections in the\nlivelihoods of Somali refugees in the Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya\u201d Amsterdam\nResearch Institute on Global issues and development studies, WPTC 02-14\n\nMalkki, L. (1995). Purity and Exile. Violence, memory, and national cosmology among\nHutu refugees in Tanzania. Chicago, London, The university of Chicago press.\n\nOuld Ahmed Salam (2001). \u201cTcheb-tchib\u201d et compagnie. Lexique de survie et figures\nde la r\u00e9ussite en Mauritanie \u00bb, Politique Africaine, n\u00b082, Juin 2001 : 78-100.\n\nPupavac, V. (2006).\u201cRefugees in the 'sick role': stereotyping refugees and eroding\nrefugee rights\u201d, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, No. 128.\n\nSantoir, C. (1975). \"L'\u00e9migration maure : une vocation commerciale affirm\u00e9e.\" Cahiers\nde l'ORSTOM, s\u00e9rie sciences humaines XII(n\u00b02): 137-159.\n\nTurner, S. (2002). The barriers of innocence: humanitarian intervention and political\nimagination in a refugee camp for Burundians in Tanzania. PhD dissertation. Rokilde\nUniversity\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dffb1ec9-8808-3b7b-8371-aaa5ecb06900/40CFBEF6ACA7BA8CC1257244003578AE-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_830/raw/doc_830_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_830/raw/doc_830_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7fb0b412bc1d879d2f192a2f59773fc390d73012..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_830/raw/doc_830_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### MMC West Africa September 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following trends analysis is put together on the basis\nof available secondary data at the time of publication. It is\nrepresentative of the available information and therefore\nindicative of mixed migratory trends in West Africa.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) was established in February\n2018. It brings together various existing regional initiatives \u2013\nhosted or led by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 engaged\nin data collection, research, analysis and policy development\non mixed migration issues into a new global network of mixed\nmigration expertise.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre - West Africa, provides quality\nmixed migration-related information for policy, programming\nand advocacy from a regional perspective. Our core countries of\nfocus are Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For updates on North\nAfrica please consult MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins at:\n[http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/](http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/)\n\n\nFor more information visit: [www.mixedmigration.org](http://www.mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nYou can contact us by email: [west-africa@mixedmigration.org](mailto:west-africa@mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nPhoto credit: Franco Volpato\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7834488749504089, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.5508859157562256, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins", - "confidence": 0.8703097701072693, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.8234785795211792, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Increased displacement of civilians in Mali due to armed conflict:** According to a report from\nthe Norwegian Refugee Council published on 7 September 2018, close to 50,000 people have fled their\nhomes in northern and central Mali in 2018, due to intercommunal clashes, a rise in armed groups and\nmilitary operations.\n\n**Renewal of the state of emergency in the Diffa and Tillabery regions of Niger:** On Monday\n17 September 2018, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Niger decided to extend the state of\nemergency in several areas of the country beset by insecurity and terrorism.\n\n**Extension of the mission EUCAP Sahel Niger for two years:** On 18 September 2018, the Council\nextended the mandate of EUCAP Sahel Niger until 30 September 2020, and agreed on a budget of EUR\n63.4 million for the period 1 October 2018 to 30 September 2020.\n\n**Thousands displaced in Nigeria due to floods:** In September 2018 a series of floods hit in particular\nrural areas in Niger state as well as Kwara, Benue, Kogi, Adamawa, Taraba, Kebbi, Bayelsa, Edo, Anambra,\nRivers and Delta states.\n\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Burkina Faso\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n##### SEPTEMBER 16 385 *\n\n*latest figure available (UNHCR)\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 BURKINA FASO\n\n##### SEPTEMBER 24 969 *\n\nincluding 24 547 * from Mali\n\nAUGUST*\n24 800\n\n- UNHCR\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**Rise in attacks on civilians and security**\n**forces in the east and in the north:** [Crisis](https://www.crisisgroup.org/crisiswatch/september-2018)\n[Watch](https://www.crisisgroup.org/crisiswatch/september-2018) reports that in response to a rise in attacks\non both civilians and security forces in the east,\nthe military responded with airstrikes and ground\noperations against as-yet unidentified armed\ngroups. In the northern region of Burkina Faso,\n[eight soldiers were killed due to an improvised](https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/09/26/huit-soldats-tues-dans-le-nord-du-burkina-faso_5360572_3212.html )\nexplosive device (IED) on 26 September 2018.\nThese types of attacks are increasing and\ncontinue to cause deaths of civilians, police\nofficers, and soldiers. Thousands protested\nin the capital against growing insecurity.\n\n\n**Three gold mine workers kidnapped from**\n**Burkina Faso across the Malian border**\n**and killed:** On Sunday 23 September 2018,\n[three workers of the Inata gold mine](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/633825/politique/burkina-trois-employes-de-la-mine-dor-dinata-enleves-dans-le-nord-du-pays/?utm_source=jeuneafrique&utm_medium=flux-rss&utm_campaign=flux-rss-jeune-afrique-15-05-2018 \r \r) were\nabducted and driven across the Malian border\nin northern Burkina Faso. Officials reported\nthat among the three men kidnapped, one\nwas Burkinab\u00e9 and two were expatriates from\nSouth Africa and India. Three Burkinab\u00e9 police\noffces were killed during the escape during the\ngateway from Djibo across the border into Mali.\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Malian refugees in Burkina Faso:** On\n14 September 2018, Ouagadougou [hosted](http://lefaso.net/spip.php?article85436)\n[the 8th session of the Tripartite Commission](http://lefaso.net/spip.php?article85436)\nof Burkina Faso, Mali and the United Nations\nHigh Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\nDuring this meeting, the experts reviewed the\nimplementation of the tripartite agreements of 9\nJanuary 2015 on the repatriation of Malian refugees\nin Burkina Faso. In addition to the 24,394 Malian\n\n\n\nrefugees registered by the UNHCR in Burkina\nFaso, mostly in the Sahel region, a last census\nrecorded 4,500 Malians living in the northern\nregions and Boucle du Mouhoun. According to\nUNHCR figures, since early 2018, 190 refugees\nhave been voluntarily assisted for repatriation.\n\n###### Policy updates\n\n**Sweden\u2019s** **strategy** **for** **development**\n**cooperation with Burkina Faso published**\n**on** **14** **September** **2018:** [Sweden\u2019s](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/within-the-framework-of-this-strategy-swedish-development-cooperation-with-burkina-faso-is-to-contribute-to-greater-respect-for-human-rights-institutional-capacity-growth-increased-resilience-to-crises-and-disast.pdf)\n[development cooperation with Burkina Faso](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/within-the-framework-of-this-strategy-swedish-development-cooperation-with-burkina-faso-is-to-contribute-to-greater-respect-for-human-rights-institutional-capacity-growth-increased-resilience-to-crises-and-disast.pdf)\nwill last between 2018 and 2022 and provide\na total of SEK 1 500 million (EUR 145 million).\nWithin the framework of this strategy, the\nobjective of Swedish development cooperation\nwith Burkina Faso is to contribute to greater\nrespect for human rights, institutional capacity\ngrowth, increased resilience to crises and\ndisasters, environmentally and climate-resilient\nsustainable development, and improved\nopportunities for sustainable livelihoods.\n\n\n**Immigration** **police** **station** **under**\n**construction on the border between**\n**Cote d\u2019Ivoire and Burkina Faso:** The\n[immigration police station is under construction](http://www.atoo.ci/2018/09/10/un-poste-de-police-dimmigration-en-construction-a-la-frontiere-avec-le-burkina-faso/)\nin the locality of Kodjenou, located 90 km from\nBouna, north of the city Doropo in Cote d\u2019Ivoire.\nAccording to the security authorities, this\nimmigration police station aims to optimize\nthe control and surveillance of crossings\nat this border. The police station includes\noffices and a cell for temporary detention.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 MALI\n\n## Mali\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n##### SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER\n\n\nincluding 15 319 * from Mauritania\nAUGUST\nand 7 374 * from Burkina Faso\n\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**Attacks on civilians and security forces**\n**continued in the north and in the east,**\n**and intercommunal violence persisted**\n**in central Mali:** According to [Crisis watch,](https://www.crisisgroup.org/crisiswatch/print?page=1&location%5B0%5D=26&date_range=cust&t=CrisisWatch+Database+Filter)\nincidents in the north included the killing of two\ntraditional chiefs in Kidal by unidentified gunmen\non 22 September 2018, and attacks on 30\nSeptember in Amalaoulaou near Ansongo, Gao\nregion, killing at least 22 civilians. In the M\u00e9naka\nregion in the east, unidentified assailants shelled\na MINUSMA camp on 4 September 2018, among\nother incidents. In the centre, intercommunal\nviolence continued, particularly in districts\nof Koro, Bandiagara, Bankass and Douentza.\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Increased displacement of civilians in Mali**\n**due to armed conflict:** [According to a report](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/displacement-civilians-mali-spikes-due-armed-conflict)\nfrom the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)\npublished on 7 September 2018, close to 50,000\npeople fled their homes in northern and central\nMali in 2018, due to intercommunal clashes, a rise\nin armed groups and military operations. NRC\nhighlighted that humanitarian funding has not\nmet the rising needs, leaving people stranded\nwithout necessary assistance. The number of\nnewly displaced represents a 60 percent increase\ncompared to the same period in 2017, according\nto data from NRC and its partners in Mali.\n\n\n\n**Transit** **migration** **through** **Timbuktu:**\nAccording to key 4Mi informants in Timbuktu, an\nestimated 350 refugees and migrants, including\napproximately 30 women, passed through\nTimbuktu at the beginning of September 2018.\nThey reportedely arrived from Mopti and were on\ntheir way to Algeria, traveling on freight trucks.\nThey were identified by 4Mi key informants as\nbeing mainly of Gambian, Senegalese, Ivorian\nand Guinean nationality. 4Mi key informants\nreported an increase in the number of refugees\nand migrants transiting through Timbuktu\nin September, which could be related to the\ndisplacement of checkpoints due to flooding.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n\n## Niger\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n\n##### SEPTEMBER\n###### Diffa 104 288 * Tillabery 19 444 *\n\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n###### Context\n\n**Renewal of the state of emergency in**\n**the Diffa and Tillabery regions of Niger:**\nOn Monday 17 September 2018, the Council\nof Ministers of the Republic of Niger decided\nto extend the [state of emergency](https://www.actuniger.com/societe/14408-terrorisme-insecurite-l-etat-d-urgence-proroge-dans-les-regions-de-diffa-tahoua-et-tillabery.html) in several\nareas of the country beset by insecurity and\nterrorism. The state of emergency was further\nextended by a period of three months in the\nDiffa Region, in the south-east of the country\nbordering Chad and Nigeria where Boko Haram\ncontinues its terrorist activities. During the same\ncouncil, the government also extended by three\nmonths the state of emergency in the Regions\nof Tillabery (Departments of Ouallam, Ayorou,\nBankilar\u00e9, Abala and Banibangou) and Tahoua\n(Departments Tassara and Tillia). The government\nstated during the Council that events in Libya\nled to the occupation by terrorists of nothern\nMali, which impacts security in this cross-border\nregion and contribute to the state of emergency\nin Niger since March 2017, including in Tillabery\nand Tahoua.\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n\n**Boko Haram attacks in the Diffa region:**\nOn 10 September 2018, the United Nations\nOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian\nAffairs (OCHA) in Niger published a [snapshot](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ner-diffa-les_incidents_de_janvier_a_aout_2018.pdf )\non incidents perpetrated by Boko Haram for\nthe period 1 January to 31 August 2018 in Diffa,\nNiger. According to this report, the security\nsituation in the Diffa region was marked by an\nincrease of abuses perpetrated by Boko Haram\nduring the reported period, but a decrease in\ncivilian casualties related to these incidents\ncompared to the same period in 2017. The OCHA\nfindings also report that 50% of the incidents in\n2018 were recorded in January and August 2018.\n\n\n##### SEPTEMBER 177 565 *\n\nincluding 118 868 from Nigeria and\n58 304 from Mali *\n*latest figures available (UNHCR)\n\n###### Policy Updates\n\n\n**Extension of the mission EUCAP Sahel**\n**Niger for two years:** On 18 September 2018,\nthe Council extended the mandate of [EUCAP](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/09/18/eucap-sahel-niger-council-extends-the-mission-for-two-years/)\n[Sahel Niger until 30 September 2020, and agreed](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/09/18/eucap-sahel-niger-council-extends-the-mission-for-two-years/)\non a budget of EUR 63.4 million for the period\n1 October 2018 to 30 September 2020. EUCAP\nSahel Niger is a capacity building mission of the\nEU External Action Service. The mission includes\nadvice and training to support the strengthening\nof Nigerien authorities in security development\nand capabilities.\n\n\n**EU** **migration** **management** **projects:**\nOn 5 September 2018, the European External\nAction Service issued a [press release in relation](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/50149/eu-supports-nigerien-communities-and-regions-managing-migration_en)\nto a project in Niger aiming to support local\nauthorities to identify development and\ninfrastructure measures and strengthen their\ncapacity to better address the consequences\nof migration, co-financed by the EU Trust Fund\nfor Africa and the German Federal Ministry\nfor Economic Cooperation and Development\n(BMZ). The project aims to create 1500 jobs and\nprovide access for more than 150 000 people to\nbasic services. Launched in 2017, with a budget\nof EUR 28.5 million, the project \u2018Management of\nMigration Challenges in Niger' cooperated with\n20 local authorities along the main migratory\nroutes.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA\nfindings", - "confidence": 0.7940697073936462, - "start": 350, - "end": 352 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6306861042976379, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9605115056037903, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Diffa region", - "confidence": 0.6680144667625427, - "start": 313, - "end": 315 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6850500702857971, - "start": 368, - "end": 369 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9293675422668457, - "start": 361, - "end": 362 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly Trends Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9515272378921509, - "start": 653, - "end": 656 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.9473878741264343, - "start": 656, - "end": 658 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7373260855674744, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION\n\n## Other regional information\n\n###### Arrivals* of West African refugees and migrants to Europe between 1 January and 30 September 2018 *latest figures available (UNHCR) Nigeria\n\n**Network Against Trafficking and Irregular Migration established in Nigeria:** The first\n[National Awareness Raising Strategy Synergy meeting to combat human trafficking in Nigeria was](https://www.iom.int/news/network-against-trafficking-and-irregular-migration-established-nigeria)\nheld on 18 September 2018 in Calabar. It is an EU-IOM initiative, organized in collaboration with the\nNational Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI) to better equip\nstakeholders with the required skills to create more effective awareness campaigns on human trafficking\nand irregular migration. \u201cWe are not going to stop people from migrating; migration is a right, but we must\nwork together to ensure that those migrating are not being trafficked,\u201d said Arinze Orakwue Director, Public\nEnlightenment, National Agency for Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) during the meeting.\n\n\n**The Nigerian president warns citizens about irregular migration:** On 1 September 2018,\nduring a [joint press conference](http://www.theafricancourier.de/migration/you-are-on-your-own-buhari-tells-nigerian-irregular-migrants/) with Angela Merkel, the Nigerian president discouraged Nigerians\nfrom migrating through irregular channels: \u201cI believe you know the ECOWAS protocol encourages\nfree movement of persons, goods and services. But for those going to Europe, we are not, as an\nadministration, agreeing with those who continue to defy the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean\nbecause they feel there are greener pastures there, whether they are prepared for it or not. We do not\nsupport anything illegal and indiscipline. You must recall that about six weeks ago, we repatriated\nabout 3,000 Nigerians that were stuck in Libya on their way to Europe. You must have read in\nthe newspapers and watch on the television the number of Nigerians lost in the Mediterranean\u201d.\n\n\n**Thousands** **displaced** **in** **Nigeria** **due** **to** **floods:** In September 2018 there were\nseries of floods in particular in rural areas in Niger state and also Kwara, Benue, Kogi,\nAdamawa, Taraba, Kebbi, Bayelsa, Edo, Anambra, Rivers and Delta states. [Thousands of](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-4554669)\n[people were displaced and vast swathes of farmlands were destroyed by](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-4554669) the foods in\ncentral and southern Nigeria, according to the BBC's Is'haq Khalid in the capital, Abuja.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly Trends Analysis", - "confidence": 0.8545510172843933, - "start": 470, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Is'haq Khalid", - "confidence": 0.584183931350708, - "start": 460, - "end": 464 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.7715898156166077, - "start": 473, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NEW RESOURCES AND REPORTS\n\n## New resources and reports\n\n\n**A new web portal of the EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and**\n**Reintegration:** the [EU-IOM Joint Initiative website was launched on 18 September 2018 and](https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/all-news-and-stories/eu-iom-joint-initiative-migrant-protection-and-reintegration-new-web-portal_en )\naims to become a one-stop resource for information on the program\u2019s activities and results. It is\nintended for journalists, the public, and anyone interested in trends along the Western and Central\nMediterranean migration routes. The website will provide news releases, data, reports, videos and\nbackground information on the migration context in the Sahel, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.\n\n\n[J\u00e9r\u00f4me Tubiana, Clotilde Warin & Gafar Mohammud Saeneen, Multilateral Damage. The impact](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/)\n[of EU migration policies on central Saharan routes, Clingendael, CRU report, September 2018.](https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2018/multilateral-damage/)\n\n\nThis report studies the effects of EU migration policies and the externalization of EU border control on\nSaharan migration routes and on practices in the border regions connecting Niger, Chad, Sudan and Libya.\nThe report finds that the obstacles and opportunities that border externalization policies present for\nmigrants lead to a diversification of migration routes. The report carries out specific case studies in Niger,\nChad and Sudan, analyzing impacts of EU policies on each of these countries. An overall conclusion of the\nreport is that EU policies have not led to stability in the region but their effects contribute to the \u2018militiaisation\u2019 \u2013 the growing power of militias whose presence undermines the state in the countries analyzed.\n\n\n[Desperate Journeys: Refugees and migrants arriving in Europe and at Europe's borders, January - August](http://www.unhcr.org/desperatejourneys)\n[2018, UNHCR.](http://www.unhcr.org/desperatejourneys)\n\n\nIn September 2018 UNHCR released a new report covering January \u2013 August 2018 and focused on the\nMediterranean crossing. According to the report, this route is becoming increasingly deadly: while the\ntotal number of people arriving in Europe has fallen, the rate of deaths has risen sharply. In the Central\nMediterranean, the report indicates that one person died or went missing for every 18 people who\ncrossed to Europe between January and July 2018, compared to one death for every 42 people who\ncrossed in the same period in 2017. According to the report, West African countries were among the\nmain countries of origin of refugees and migrants arriving in Spain between January and July 2018,\nincluding Guinea, Mali and Cote d'Ivoire. Nigeria was the fourth main country of origin of refugees and\nmigrants arriving in Italy during the reporting period.\n\n\n[Tom Westcott. The Tebu: the little-known community at the heart of Libya\u2019s people smuggling trade,](http://www.irinnews.org/news-feature/2018/09/06/tebu-community-libya-people-smuggling-trade?utm_source=IRIN+-+the+inside+story+on+emergencies&utm_campaign=27b1bf7967-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_ENGLISH_AFRICA&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-27b1bf7967-75456141)\n[IRIN News, 6 September.](http://www.irinnews.org/news-feature/2018/09/06/tebu-community-libya-people-smuggling-trade?utm_source=IRIN+-+the+inside+story+on+emergencies&utm_campaign=27b1bf7967-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_ENGLISH_AFRICA&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-27b1bf7967-75456141)\n\n\nThis news feature presents the Tebu, an indigenous Saharan ethnic group living between Southern\nLibya and Northern Niger. The Tebu came under media scrutiny because of their transporting and\nsmuggling activities in the Libya-Niger corridor. This article illustrates the difficulties and challenges\nthat this community face. Human smuggling or transporting people from Agadez to the southern\nLibyan city of Sebha is an opportunity for young Tebu. According to the article, until they do not have\nan alternative and there is an improvement in the economic situation in southern Libya, they will not\nstop these activities. The article discusses the local constraints and international pressure exerted on\nthis community.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NEW RESOURCES AND REPORTS\n\n\n[Antonia Carrion, Manuela De Gaspari, Serena Zanella, Thomas Munsch, William Powell. Young and on](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/young-and-on-the-move-in-west-africa/)\n[the move in West Africa, Mixed Migration Center, Save the Children International, Research paper, 28](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/young-and-on-the-move-in-west-africa/)\n[September.](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/young-and-on-the-move-in-west-africa/)\n\n\nThis report aims to offer a better understanding of child mobility in West Africa in the context of mixed\nmigration movements. It provides an overview of the routes that children move along in and from the\nregion, the reasons that children move, and risks that they face whilst on the move, with a particular\nfocus on Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal. The report also examines the legal frameworks affecting\nchild mobility in the region. The research entailed an extensive literature review, as well as primary\ndata collection in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal, including focus groups, interviews with NGOs,\ngovernmental, and multi-lateral agencies, as well as participant observation where children were\npresent.\n\n\n[Tom Westcott, Destination Europe: Overlooked. At Libya\u2019s unchecked southern borders, a key to easing](https://www.irinnews.org/special-report/2018/09/06/libya-s-unchecked-southern-borders-key-easing-migration-crisis)\n[the migration crisis, Special Report, IRIN News, 6 September 2018.](https://www.irinnews.org/special-report/2018/09/06/libya-s-unchecked-southern-borders-key-easing-migration-crisis)\n\n\nThis special report by Tom Westcott explores the desert border in Southern Libya, including border\ncrossing between Niger and Libya. The article cites a Tebu smuggler from Murzuq saying \u201cThe Nigerien\narmy are still escorting smuggler convoys and the numbers of migrants we are transporting has not\ndecreased at all\u2019\u2019. The article discusses the convoys of military trucks escorting vehicles every week along\nthe most dangerous 670-kilometre stretch of Niger desert, from Agadez to Dirkou. It also highlights\nprotection incidents, including bribes that must be paid at each Niger checkpoint by non-Nigerien\nsmugglers and passengers, and rape perpetrated by Niger checkpoint guards on female migrants\nunable to afford the bribes.\n\n\n[Idrissa Beogo, Amadou Darboe, A. Oluwafunmilade Adesanya and Bomar Mendez Rojas, Critical](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/s12914-018-0176-0.pdf)\n[assessment of refugees\u2019 needs in post-emergency context: the case of Malian war refugees settled in](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/s12914-018-0176-0.pdf)\n[northern Burkina Faso, BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2018.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/s12914-018-0176-0.pdf)\n\n\nThe paper provides an empirical assessment of the needs of Malian refugees in camps in northern\nBurkina Faso following the 2012 armed conflict, in order to better understand these and enhance their\nwell-being. The study aims to assess the level of their involvement in policies and practices targeted\ntowards improving their livelihood. The study suggests that refugees\u2019 voices were not taken into\nconsideration in humanitarian programming. It also found that there were discrepancies in advantages\nand resources from one camp to another. The lack of classrooms facilities for pre-school children and\nlack of continuous healthcare services were also major concerns.\n\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY", - "confidence": 0.57654869556427, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6757464408874512, - "start": 61, - "end": 62 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.6359253525733948, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment of refugees\u2019 needs", - "confidence": 0.502417802810669, - "start": 376, - "end": 381 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "BMC International Health and Human Rights", - "confidence": 0.6599411368370056, - "start": 401, - "end": 407 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northern Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.671366274356842, - "start": 397, - "end": 400 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9330089688301086, - "start": 408, - "end": 409 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.8739094734191895, - "start": 433, - "end": 434 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Malian war refugees", - "confidence": 0.5723581910133362, - "start": 388, - "end": 391 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/09b19b2e-93c4-3aa1-87ba-bc90b59859ca/ms-wa-1809.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_831/raw/doc_831_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_831/raw/doc_831_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dd0d3592f563ebc4612ab356ecf8723a13f350c2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_831/raw/doc_831_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### MMC West Africa October 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following trends analysis is put together on the basis\nof available secondary data at the time of publication. It is\nrepresentative of the available information and therefore\nindicative of mixed migratory trends in West Africa.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) was established in February\n2018. It brings together various existing regional initiatives \u2013\nhosted or led by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 engaged\nin data collection, research, analysis and policy development\non mixed migration issues into a new global network of mixed\nmigration expertise.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre - West Africa, provides quality\nmixed migration-related information for policy, programming\nand advocacy from a regional perspective. Our core countries of\nfocus are Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For updates on North\nAfrica please consult MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins at:\n[http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/](http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/)\n\n\nFor more information visit: [www.mixedmigration.org](http://www.mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nYou can contact us by email: [west-africa@mixedmigration.org](mailto:west-africa@mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nPhoto credit: piccaya, www.123rf.com\n\n\nSUPPORTED BY:\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7781837582588196, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.5355079770088196, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins", - "confidence": 0.8658484220504761, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.8137250542640686, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**West African migrants rescued by the IOM in northern Niger:** according to IOM, seventy-four West African\nmigrants were rescued on 4 October in northern Niger, in the middle of the desert bordering Algeria.\n\n\n**Crisis simulation in the Tillab\u00e9ri region:** On the week of 17 October, more than 500 members from communities,\nlocal authorities, civil society and security forces participated in IOM\u2019s fourth crisis simulation exercise in Tillab\u00e9ri, Niger. The\naim of this simulation was to test local and regional authorities\u2019 ability to respond to a large migration movement into Niger,\nprecipitated by a crisis at the border.\n\n\n**State of emergency in Mali extended:** on 24 October the state of emergency was extended in Mali for another\nsix months due to continued insecurity in the north of the country.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Burkina Faso\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n##### OCTOBER 39,731\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 BURKINA FASO\n\n##### OCTOBER 24,969\n\n\n###### Context\n\n\n\nas of October 2018)\n\n###### Policy updates\n\n\n\n**French forces willing to deploy in Burkina Faso:**\nThe new commander of the French force Sahel Barkhane,\nGeneral Frederic Blachon, said in [an interview](http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20181010-barkhane-operation-burkina-faso) with the\nFrench Media Agency (AFP) that Burkina Faso can count on\nFrench military support. Terrorist attacks have multiplied\nsince the beginning of the year in Burkina Faso. Defense\nMinister Florence Parly stated that the Barkhane force had\nintervened in Burkina Faso at the beginning of October,\nsomething that had never been done before on such a\nscale. \"It's also Barkhane's role to support national forces\nwherever they are needed or where they request them,\"\nsaid the minister.\n\n\n\n**Discussion on migration and social justice:** On 12\nand 13 October, the Burkinabe party People\u2019s Movement\nfor Progress (MPP) invited members of the Progressive\nAlliance to Ouagadougou for [discussions on migration and](https://www.foundationmaxvanderstoel.nl/nieuws/nieuws_item/t/discussing_migration_and_social_justice_in_ouagadougou_burkina_faso)\n[social justice. With more than 25 delegations represented,](https://www.foundationmaxvanderstoel.nl/nieuws/nieuws_item/t/discussing_migration_and_social_justice_in_ouagadougou_burkina_faso)\nof which many from African countries, the seminar was an\nopportunity to generate discussion on migration. During\nthe seminar, speakers emphasized the fact that most African\nmigrants stay within the continent, and mostly within\nthe region. They also highlighted the need to elaborate a\nstrategy to manage and monitor African migration.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Mali\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n##### OCTOBER 77,046\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 MALI\n\n##### OCTOBER 24,418\n\n\n(as of 22 October 2018)\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**State of emergency in Mali extended on 24**\n**October 2018:** Mali\u2019s National Assembly voted to [extend](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-security-idUSKBN17V0SX )\n[a state of emergency](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-security-idUSKBN17V0SX ) by a further six months in a bid to\nquell an upsurge in attacks by Islamist militants based in\nthe north of the country. This was the latest extension since\nthe state of emergency was introduced in 2015.\n\n\n**Insecurity in the north and in the center of Mali:**\nduring a [twelve-day visit to Mali, Mr. Alioune Tine, an](https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23710&LangID=F)\nindependent expert on the situation of human rights in Mali,\nexpressed concern relating to the continuing deterioration\nof the security and humanitarian situation in the north and\ncenter of the country. According to the expert, \"there is a\nreal climate of fear and insecurity with a real impact on the\nlives of people, haunted by daily violence. This situation is\ndue to the absence of certain state authorities in Timbuktu,\nGao, Kidal, Mopti and Menaka, including the absence of\nthe judiciary, administrative, defense and security systems\".\nThe resurgence of confrontations between members\nof different communities, settling of accounts, targeted\nkillings, explosive devices, attacks on humanitarian\nconvoys, kidnappings, robberies, rapes and sexual violence\ncommitted on the roads and cities impact on life, physical\nintegrity, mobility of people and their economic activities.\n\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Report on population movements in Mali:** On 18\n[October the Mali Protection Cluster published a report on](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rapport_CMP_18_Oct%20_2018.pdf)\n[population movements in Mali. Movements of internally](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rapport_CMP_18_Oct%20_2018.pdf)\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) from the southern regions to the\nnorthern regions continue to be reported. While some\nIDPs have indicated that they have returned definitively,\nothers say they travel back and forth between the place of\ndisplacement and their place of origin. New displacements\ncontinue to be reported. Causes include inter-community\nconflicts, insecurity and clashes, or the prospect of a\npossible clash between armed groups. The Commission for\nthe Movement of Populations (CMP) collects information\non movements within Mali. As of 30 September 2018, the\nCMP counted 68,978 returnees (68,880 repatriated), which\ncorresponds to an increase of 98 persons compared to the\nCMP data for September 2018.\n\n\n**International NGOs call for a response to**\n**insecurity in Menaka:** Several NGOs working in\nMenaka, including ACTED, Norwegian Church Aid,\nNorwegian Refugee Council, Mercy Corps, M\u00e9decins du\nMonde, International Rescue Committee, International\nEmergency and Development Aid, published a [joint](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/ngos-call-response-insecurity-menaka)\n[document on 29 October. They called for a prevention of](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/ngos-call-response-insecurity-menaka)\nfurther destabilization and an improvement to the safety\nand security of the population and humanitarian workers.\nThey highlighted the persistence of insecurity in the city\nof Menaka, which impacts both the area\u2019s population as\nwell as NGO staff. Since the beginning of 2018, at least 28\nincidents have targeted NGO staff in the Menaka region,\nmaking it one of the most dangerous areas for the NGOs\nto work in Mali.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report on population movements in Mali", - "confidence": 0.9172716736793518, - "start": 324, - "end": 330 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8328081965446472, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mali Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.8613799214363098, - "start": 338, - "end": 341 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mali", - "confidence": 0.9697648882865906, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9892304539680481, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5490118861198425, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.8322287797927856, - "start": 360, - "end": 362 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CMP data", - "confidence": 0.9720598459243774, - "start": 482, - "end": 484 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8868370652198792, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.5721277594566345, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Niger\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n\n##### OCTOBER 118,868\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n##### OCTOBER 177,565\n\n\n\nIDPs in the Diffa region Nigerian refugees in the Diffa region\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**UN Special Rapporteur urges Niger to place**\n**human rights at the center of migration policies:**\nOn 11 October 2018, Felipe Gonzalez Morales, the UN\nSpecial Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, [urged](https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23709&LangID=F)\n[Niger to place human rights at the center](https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23709&LangID=F) of its migration\npolicies. He called on international donors to provide more\nassistance to Niger for its migration management strategy,\nstrengthening of national institutions and capacities, as well\nas for improving independent monitoring of the human\nrights conditions of migrants and supporting development\nprojects in local communities. The Special Rapporteur\nemphasized the need for the Niger authorities to adopt\na comprehensive national migration policy that is childsensitive, gender-sensitive and human rights-based, and\nthat goes beyond the rule of law and safety considerations.\nHe also called on the EU and other destination countries to\nshare the responsibility for global migration management\nby incentivizing regular and safe pathways.\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n\n**West African migrants rescued by the IOM in**\n**northern Niger:** IOM [reported that seventy-four West](https://www.voaafrique.com/a/des-migrants-secourus-au-nord-du-niger-/4600104.html)\nAfrican migrants, including a women and two children,\nwere rescued on 4 October in Assamaka in northern Niger,\nin the desert bordering Algeria. According to IOM, they\nwere from nine West African states (Nigeria, Burkina Faso,\nIvory Coast, Mali, Gambia, Niger, Guinea, Guinea Bissau\nand Liberia). IOM reported that they had endured a long\nwalk and had received first aid on the spot before being\ntransported and housed in an IOM center in Arlit (northern\nNiger).\n\n\n\n**Crisis simulation in the Tillab\u00e9ri region organized**\n**by IOM:** On the week of 17 October, more than 500\nmembers from communities, local authorities, civil\nsociety and security forces [participated in IOM\u2019s fourth](https://www.iom.int/news/500-people-participate-ioms-fourth-cross-border-crisis-simulation-exercise-niger)\n[crisis simulation exercise in Tillab\u00e9ri, Niger. The aim of this](https://www.iom.int/news/500-people-participate-ioms-fourth-cross-border-crisis-simulation-exercise-niger)\nsimulation was to test local and regional authorities\u2019 ability\nto respond to a large migration movement into Niger,\nprecipitated by a crisis at the border. The exercise took\nplace in close partnership with the Prime Minister's Office,\nthe Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the\nMinistry of Defence, the Ministry of Humanitarian Action\nand Natural Disaster Management, and the Ministry\nof Health in Niger. It was organized under the project\nEngaging Communities in Border Management in Niger \u2013\nPhase II, funded by the US Department of State. This was\nthe fourth simulation exercise organized by IOM in Niger,\nhaving previously held similar exercises in 2017 and 2018 \u2013\ntwo in Zinder region and one in Agadez region.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**UNHCR evacuates vulnerable refugees from**\n**Libya to Niger:** [UNHCR reportedly evacuated 135](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-evacuates-vulnerable-refugees-out-libya-fighting-resumes)\n[people out of Libya to Niger on 16 October, in the context](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-evacuates-vulnerable-refugees-out-libya-fighting-resumes)\nof an increasingly volatile security situation in Tripoli.\nThe evacuated refugees are currently hosted in UNHCR\u2019s\nEmergency Transit Mechanism (ETM). \u201cThese evacuations\nare a life-changing and life-saving escape for refugees\ntrapped in detention in Libya,\u201d said UNHCR Chief of Mission\nin Libya Roberto Mignone. He added that \u201cRefugees\nand migrants in detention centers often suffer squalid\nconditions and are at risk of being sold to traffickers and\nsmugglers\u2019. UNHCR reported that the 135 individuals were\nthe first to be evacuated from Libya since June 2018. There\nhave been concerns that arrivals to Niger were outpacing\nthe speed at which people were being resettled to third\ncountries.\n\n\n**Shelters for up to 12,500 refugees installed by**\n**the Luxembourg Red Cross in Niger:** In 2018, the\nLuxembourg Red Cross continues its emergency activities\nfor refugees and displaced populations in the Diffa region,\nin south-eastern Niger, where more than 250,000 people\nare displaced. The Luxembourg Red Cross, in cooperation\nwith the Nigerien Red Cross Society, is in the process [of](http://www.croix-rouge.lu/blog/20153/des-abris-pour-jusqua-12-500-refugies-grace-a-laction-de-la-croix-rouge-luxembourgeoise-au-niger/)\n[installing 2,500 shelters for families of six. This operation](http://www.croix-rouge.lu/blog/20153/des-abris-pour-jusqua-12-500-refugies-grace-a-laction-de-la-croix-rouge-luxembourgeoise-au-niger/)\nis being carried out with the support of the Luxembourg\ndonors, the European Humanitarian Aid Office ECHO, UK\nAid, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Red\nCross.\n\n\n\nMIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER\n\n###### Policy updates\n\n\n**Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International**\n**Cooperation finances activities of IOM in Niger:** The\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of\nItaly arranged for the [fnancing of 2.5 million euros through](https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2018/10/la-farnesina-ha-disposto-un-finanziamento-di-2-5-milioni-di-euro-a-sostegno-delle-attivita-dell-organizzazione-internazionale-per-le-migrazioni-oim-in-niger-e-in-egitto.html)\nthe Africa Fund to support the activities of IOM in Niger and\nEgypt. The 1.5 million euro project for \u201cDirect Assistance to\nAbandoned Migrants\u201d aims to boost the presence of the\nIOM in the north-eastern regions of Niger bordering with\nAlgeria, in order to provide emergency assistance and\nmedical aid to migrants and support their voluntary return\nto their countries of origin.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION\n\n## Other regional information\n\n###### Cameroon\n\n\n**Violent clashes between military and armed separatists drive 26,000 Cameroonians to Nigeria:**\n[According to a UNHCR report from October 2018, at least 26,000 predominantly Anglophone Cameroonians have fled the](http://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2018/10/5bbb5f714/cameroonian-refugees-flee-clashes-find-safety-nigeria.html?utm_source=ECRE+Newsletters&utm_campaign=49f0771ece-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_10_12_09_19&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3ec9497afd-49f0771ece-422323789)\nsouthwest and northwest regions of Cameroon and sought safety in Nigeria\u2019s south-eastern Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Benue\nand Taraba states. UNHCR reported that so far in 2018, some 400 civilians have been killed in escalating attacks between\nseparatist groups and government forces. The crisis erupted in 2017 after protests turned violent, with some calling for\nsecession.\n\n**Presidential elections in Cameroon:** the presidential election in Cameroon on 7 October 2018 was marked by both\n[civil unrest and low turnout. A premature declaration](http://fr.africanews.com/2018/10/16/au-cameroun-les-resultats-controverses-de-la-cnr-donnent-biya-vainqueur/\r) of victory from opposition leader Maurice Kamto on 8 October 2018\nthreatened to cause further violence. On 22 October the results of presidential elections were announced and Paul Biya was\ndeclared winner with 71,28% of votes. This resulted in further protests and mobilization of the police and army in Yaounde\nand Douala, while at the same time many Cameroonians felt frustrated by the results of elections, as reported by [the Guardian.](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/22/paul-biya-cameroon-85-year-old-president-wins-re-election-landslide)\n\n###### Nigeria\n\n\n**IOM launches a radio series for migrants on the risks and opportunities of migration:** the [radio series aims](https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/10/1024492)\nto raise awareness among vulnerable people seeking to pursue economic opportunities abroad. According to IOM the radio\nseries will focus on perils of irregular migration and provide information on how to migrate legally and safely. \u201cThe idea is\nto create awareness through the candid testimonies of returnees who have gone through the harrowing journey both at\nsea and through the Sahara,\u201d said Abraham Tamrat, who manages IOM\u2019s migrant protection and reintegration projects in\nNigeria. The program will also promote social cohesion and address the issue of stigmatization of returned migrants who\nface discrimination and shame for having failed to reach their destinations.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 REGIONAL POLICY UPDATES\n\n## Regional policy updates\n\n\n**Two day consultative meeting on the African union free movement protocol:** During a [stakeholder meeting](http://www.ecowas.int/ecowas-eac-partake-in-consultative-meeting-towards-the-popularization-of-the-african-union-free-movement-protocol/)\non 9-10 October, the Directorate of Free Movement of the Commission of the Economic Community of West African States\n(ECOWAS) shared good practices on the implementation of its regional protocol in a stakeholders consultation meeting with\nthe African Union (AU) and the East African Community (EAC), with the aim of accelerating the ratification and implementation\nof the AU free movement protocol by Member States. The harmonization of regional norms and free movement policies with\nthe AU by 2020 was also discussed during the two-day meeting.\n\n\n**EU funding for the Sahel region and the Central African Republic:** [On 29 October 2018 the EU allocated an](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-6202_fr.htm)\n[additional 58 million euros for the Sahel region and the Central African Republic](http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-6202_fr.htm) to address the increased food, nutrition\nand emergency needs in the countries concerned. The total EU humanitarian aid for 2018 to the Sahel countries now stands\nat 270 million euros, and 25.4 million euros for the Central African Republic. The aid will be allocated to seven countries in\nthe Sahel region and the Central African Republic: Nigeria (10 million euros), Mali (6 million euros), Niger (6 million euros),\nBurkina Faso (5 million euros), Mauritania (5 million euros), Chad (12 million euros) and Cameroon (3 million euros), as well as\nthe Central African Republic (8 millions of euros). In addition, a regional allocation of 3 million euros will be allocated to the\nSahel region to provide vital treatment for malnutrition.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NEW RESEARCH AND REPORTS\n\n## New research and reports\n\n\n[Coleen Moser, \u2018It Takes a Village: Despite Challenges, Migrant Groups Lead Development in Senegal\u2019, Migration Policy Institute,](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/it-takes-village-despite-challenges-migrant-groups-lead-development-senegal)\n[4 October 2018](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/it-takes-village-despite-challenges-migrant-groups-lead-development-senegal) **.** This article explores the impact of policy changes in France on Senegalese migrants and the activities of\nhome town associations (HTAs), which are formal or informal organizations of migrants from the same town, region, or\nethnic group living outside their region or country of origin. The article assesses how such changes influence development\nand quality of life in migrants' origin communities in the Senegal River Valley. It highlights that understanding the complex\nrelationship between emigration, HTA development activities, and political, economic, and social changes in both France\nand at home is essential to the future of development in eastern Senegal.\n\n\n[Ruth Maclean, 'Complete equality': refugees fnd a home \u2013 and citizenship - in Guinea-Bissau, The Guardian, 10 October 2018](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/10/guinea-bissau-refugee-naturalisation-scheme?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=2nd+section+2nd+story+the+guardian&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_20181010) **.**\nThis article focuses on personal stories of Senegalese refugees in Guinea-Bissau and governmental efforts of naturalizing\nthem as citizens. In December 2017 the Government of Guinea-Bissau made a declaration which was approved in July 2018\nas a new policy of naturalization for 7,000 refugees in the country of 1.8 million population. Since then the UN refugee\nagency has been working with a local contractor to produce and distribute ID cards, naturalization and birth certificates for\nthe refugees and their children.\n\n\n[Yomi Kazeem, The harrowing, step-by-step story of a migrant\u2019s journey to Europe, 25 October 2018](https://qz.com/africa/1341221/the-harrowing-step-by-step-story-of-a-migrants-journey-to-europe/) **.** The article recounts the\nstory of a young migrant from Edo state in Nigeria, who journeyed to Europe following the routes linking Edo state with the\nEU. His journey lasted 9 months, six months longer than the initially three months planned. The article also explains how\nmigration is entrenched in the social fabric in Edo state, as well as government attempts to manage migration and the role\nof smugglers.\n\n\n[4Mi snapshot: aspirations or refugees and migrants from West Africa, MMC West Africa, October 2018.](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/4mi-snapshot-aspirations/)\nIn October 2018 MMC West Africa published a 4Mi snapshot with key data on the aspirations of the respondents, including\npreferred final destinations, factors driving the selection of destination countries and work related aspirations. It also\npresents data on intention to request asylum in the country of destination. This 4Mi snapshot is a continuation of the\n\n[snapshot](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/4mi-trend-report/) published in September 2018 on profiles and reasons for departure of refugees and migrants from West Africa.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "4Mi snapshot", - "confidence": 0.9897536039352417, - "start": 394, - "end": 396 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "data on the aspirations of the respondents", - "confidence": 0.6866319179534912, - "start": 428, - "end": 435 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MMC West Africa", - "confidence": 0.9789285659790039, - "start": 406, - "end": 409 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.9734342098236084, - "start": 403, - "end": 405 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7661848068237305, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.8185927867889404, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8873897790908813, - "start": 399, - "end": 402 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "4Mi snapshot", - "confidence": 0.9689250588417053, - "start": 469, - "end": 471 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.9825617074966431, - "start": 496, - "end": 498 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5673487186431885, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.705186665058136, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9465448260307312, - "start": 492, - "end": 495 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1dfa72b2-4ee7-37e0-90ed-3662ea8723c1/ms-wa-1811.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_832/raw/doc_832_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_832/raw/doc_832_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 818fcdfcc063ab469f223e0c8ef9d4d29a69ccc9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_832/raw/doc_832_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,330 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### MMC West Africa November 2018\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The following trends analysis is put together on the basis\nof available secondary data at the time of publication. It is\nrepresentative of the available information and therefore\nindicative of mixed migratory trends in West Africa.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) was established in February\n2018. It brings together various existing regional initiatives \u2013\nhosted or led by the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) \u2013 engaged\nin data collection, research, analysis and policy development\non mixed migration issues into a new global network of mixed\nmigration expertise.\n\n\nThe Mixed Migration Centre - West Africa, provides quality\nmixed migration-related information for policy, programming\nand advocacy from a regional perspective. Our core countries of\nfocus are Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For updates on North\nAfrica please consult MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins at:\n[http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/](http://www.mixedmigrationhub.org/monthly-trend-bulletins/)\n\n\nFor more information visit: [www.mixedmigration.org](http://www.mixedmigration.org)\n\n\nYou can contact us by email: [west-africa@mixedmigration.org](mailto:west-africa@mixedmigration.org)\n\n\n_Photo credit:_ [Jean-Baptiste Joire](http://jb-joire.co/)\n\n\n_SUPPORTED BY:_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7604639530181885, - "start": 11, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.52740079164505, - "start": 35, - "end": 37 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHub Monthly Trend Bulletins", - "confidence": 0.8635593056678772, - "start": 140, - "end": 144 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North\nAfrica", - "confidence": 0.809614896774292, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Increased displacement and shortage of humanitarian assistance in central and northern Mali:** More\nthan 34,000 persons recently displaced by violence in central and northern Mali are left without humanitarian\nassistance despite having their needs recorded by aid agencies. The number of people fleeing intercommunal\nviolence, armed groups\u2019 activities, and military operations is rising in central and northern Mali.\n\n\n**IOM resumes Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) program from Libya\u2019s southern city of Sebha:** On\n8 November 2018, IOM resumed its Voluntary Humanitarian Return in Libya\u2019s southern city of Sebha. VHR provides support\nto stranded migrants wishing to return to their home countries. The charter carried 120 migrants (75 men, 30 women, 6\nchildren and 9 infants) and landed in Lagos, Nigeria.\n\n\n**Morocco imposes travel restrictions on West African citizens of Mali, Guinea and Congo-Brazzaville:**\nMorocco has imposed new travel restrictions on nationals of Mali, Guinea and Congo-Brazzaville since 1 November.\nNationals from these countries were previously exempt from visa requirements. They will now be required to\nobtain an \"electronic travel authorization\" online four days before departure.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Burkina Faso\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n##### NOVEMBER 39,781\n\n\n\n_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 BURKINA FASO_\n\n##### NOVEMBER 23,929\n\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Two-year project on humanitarian assistance to**\n**refugees and migrants in five regions of Burkina**\n**Faso:** On 22 November 2018, the Burkinab\u00e8 Red Cross,\nin collaboration with the Spanish Red Cross, launched the\n[two-year project AMiRA. The project aims to provide relief](https://burkina24.com/2018/11/22/projet-amira-pour-apporter-une-assistance-humanitaire-aux-migrants-le-long-des-routes-migratoires/)\nand assistance and information to people on the move,\nwithout seeking to encourage nor discourage migration.\nThe project covers five regions of Burkina Faso. According\nto Dr Mariette Nad\u00e8ge Ou\u00e9draogo, health coordinator\nof the Burkinabe Red Cross, this project aims primarily to\nmake migration safer and more orderly and reduce death\nand suffering along the migration routes.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Mali\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n##### NOVEMBER 80,302\n\n\n\n_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 MALI_\n\n##### NOVEMBER 26,492\n\n\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**Interim authorities set up in Taoud\u00e9ni and**\n**Achourat, northern Mali:** [On 1 November, MINUSMA](https://minusma.unmissions.org/processus-de-paix-installation-des-autorit\u00e9s-int\u00e9rimaires-des-cercles-de-taoud\u00e9ni-et-achourat)\n[announced](https://minusma.unmissions.org/processus-de-paix-installation-des-autorit\u00e9s-int\u00e9rimaires-des-cercles-de-taoud\u00e9ni-et-achourat) that interim authorities of the Taoud\u00e9ni and\nAchourat circles had been set up. The installation ceremony\ntook place in the Conference Hall of the Governorate of the\nTaoudeni region. This news raises hope for the communities\nof this new region, who hope that this will benefit the\nprocess of operationalization and stability of the region.\nTaoud\u00e9ni is located on one of the routes linking Gao to\nAlgeria.\n\n\n**Regional conference on migration in the Sahel**\n**held in Bamako:** On 23 and 24 November 2018 the\nKonrad Adenauer Foundation organized a [regional](https://maliactu.net/mali-conference-regionale-sur-la-migration-pour-une-meilleure-gestion-des-flux-migratoires-dans-linteret-de-tous/)\n[conference](https://maliactu.net/mali-conference-regionale-sur-la-migration-pour-une-meilleure-gestion-des-flux-migratoires-dans-linteret-de-tous/) on \"Migration in the Sahel: State of play\u201d in\nBamako. During the conference, Dr. Broulaye Keita, the\nrepresentative of Ministry of Malians abroad, underlined\nthat the reasons for migration, are diverse and include the\nrise in unemployment the generalized economic crisis,\nas well as instability in some Sahel countries. He also\nhighlighted that in recent years, Mali has been impacted\nby many cases of mass evictions and deaths on migratory\nroutes. \"In light of this situation, the time is no longer for\nthe diagnosis of the causes of migration, nor for the endless\ncommentary on its dramatic consequences, but rather for\nthat of action and awareness of the phenomenon. It is more\nthan urgent to propose concrete actions together and to\nwork on their implementation, \"said Dr. Broulaye Keita.\n\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Increased** **displacement** **and** **shortage** **of**\n**humanitarian assistance in central and northern**\n**Mali:** The number of people fleeing intercommunal\nviolence, armed groups\u2019 activities, and military\noperations is rising in central and northern Mali.\nAccording to the [Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC),](https://www.nrc.no/news/2018/november/mali-more-than-34000-persons-left-to-starve-await-humanitarian-aid/)\nnearly 70,000 people have been newly displaced by\nviolence and insecurity over the past two months,\nbringing the total number of displaced people to\n120,000 since the beginning of 2018. The large\nmajority of new displacements have occurred in\nregions affected by intercommunal violence, armed\ngroups\u2019 activities, and military operations such as\nSegou, Mopti, Timbuktu, Gao and M\u00e9naka. More than\n34,000 persons recently displaced by violence in\ncentral and northern Mali are without humanitarian\nassistance despite having their needs recorded by\naid agencies, as reported by the Norwegian Refugee\nCouncil. Humanitarian agencies are unable to provide\nemergency relief to starving women and children after\nrunning out of funds.\n\n\n**Voluntary return of 137 Malians from Libya:** On\n20 November, 137 Malian migrants landed in Modibo K\u00e9ita\nInternational Airport in Mali aboard a [humanitarian fight](http://malijet.com/actualite-politique-au-mali/flash-info/219743-retour-volontaire-des-migrants-137-maliens-de-retour-de-la-libye.html)\n[from Libya, carrying mostly young people aged between](http://malijet.com/actualite-politique-au-mali/flash-info/219743-retour-volontaire-des-migrants-137-maliens-de-retour-de-la-libye.html)\n18 and 30, including women with children. One returnee,\nMrs. Ndiaye Aminata Boir\u00e9, said: \"I went to Libya since 2007.\nI was really tired there. That's why I decided to go back to my\ncountry to do something else. Even though I was not in jail\nin Libya, what I endured was more than a prison. I'm back.\nMy husband stayed there\". This is the 16th voluntary return\nflight 2018 and was the result of a collaboration between\nthe Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the International\nOrganization for Migration (IOM).\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## Niger\n\n#### IDP REFUGEES\n##### NOVEMBER 156,136\n\n104,288 in Diffa\n51,848 in Tillabery and Tahoua\n\n\n(UNHCR, last updated 30 June 2018)\n\n\n\n_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NIGER_\n\n##### NOVEMBER 176,321\n\n\n(UNHCR, last updated on 30 November 2018)\n\n\n###### Context\n\n**Regional meeting of labor ministers in Niamey**\n**on cooperation in the management of labor**\n**migration:** On 28 November the governments of Niger\n[and Libya organized a Regional Meeting of Labor Ministers](http://news.aniamey.com/h/89229.html)\non Cooperation in the Management of Labor Migration\nin collaboration with the European Union (EU) and the\nInternational Organization for Migration (IOM). The\nmeeting aimed to strengthen the position of the countries\nand partners involved in this initiative, and to identify\nthe sectors of activity and areas of expertise in which the\ndifferent countries involved require foreign workforce. The\nparticipants also discussed key aspects to be governed\nby bilateral arrangements and the development of a joint\nroadmap.\n\n\n**Anti-bandit patrols deployed on the border area**\n**between Niger and Burkina Faso:** On 3 November\nthe Nigerien army launched an [anti-terrorist operation](http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20181106-burkina-faso-niger-benin-operation-anti-terrorisme-insecurite)\non the border with Burkina Faso. The objective of the\noperation is to dismantle terrorist cells in W Park, a large\nforest that stretches between Burkina Faso, Niger and\nBenin, and which is a corridor of trafficking and banditry.\n\n\n###### Protection and vulnerabilities\n\n**Local association working to report migrant**\n**deaths** **in** **the** **Sahara:** The association [Alarm](https://airinfoagadez.com/2018/11/02/migration-le-desert-un-mouroir-pour-les-migrants-ouest-africains/)\n[Phone Sahara is working to document the deaths and](https://airinfoagadez.com/2018/11/02/migration-le-desert-un-mouroir-pour-les-migrants-ouest-africains/)\nabandonment of migrants in the Sahara. The association\nhas set up an information system based on alerts from\ncorrespondents located on migration routes. Their objective\nis to raise awareness on the human tragedies occurring in\nthe Sahara. For Almoctar Hamado, local administrator of\nAlarme Phone Sahara, based in Agadez stated: \"It is time to\nbreak the silence on all these tragedies taking place in the\ndesert. Migrants die in the anonymity of the desert and this\nis due to the implacable repression of the phenomenon by\nthe Nigerian authorities with funding from the European\nUnion\".\n\n\n**132 refugees evacuated from Libya to Niger by**\n**a UNHCR flight:** On 22 November, UNHCR evacuated\n[132 refugees and asylum-seekers on flights from Tripoli](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-resettlement-update-37-libya-niger-situation)\n(Libya) to Niamey (Niger), including women and children.\nIn Niger, they are hosted at a UNHCR Emergency Transit\nMechanism while longer-term solutions in third countries\nare sought. UNHCR has undertaken 23 of such evacuations\n[from Libya since November 2017. According to the UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-resettlement-update-37-libya-niger-situation)\n[Resettlement Update #37 on the Libya-Niger Situation](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-resettlement-update-37-libya-niger-situation)\npublished on 27 November, a total of 2,069 persons\n(including unaccompanied children) have been evacuated\nto Niger since the start of the evacuation operation from\nLibya in late 2017. There are 259 evacuated unaccompanied\nchildren remaining in Niger.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information system", - "confidence": 0.9292811751365662, - "start": 355, - "end": 357 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sahara", - "confidence": 0.830299973487854, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants", - "confidence": 0.8758497834205627, - "start": 344, - "end": 345 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION_\n\n## Other regional information\n\n###### Nigeria\n\n\n**IOM resumes Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) program from Libya\u2019s southern city of Sebha:** On\n[8 November 2018, IOM resumed its VHR program from Libya\u2019s southern city of Sebha. VHR provides support to stranded](https://www.iom.int/news/suspended-two-years-iom-resumes-voluntary-humanitarian-return-flights-southern-libya)\nmigrants wishing to return to their home countries. The charter landed in Lagos, Nigeria carrying 120 migrants (75 men, 30\nwomen, 6 children and 9 infants). IOM also reports to have carried out outreach activities with local authorities and Nigerian\ncommunities in the south. In close coordination with the Nigerian Embassy in Tripoli, the IOM facilitated the provision of\nonline consular support which enabled the embassy to conduct consular authentication and issue travel documents. IOM\nreports that the organization has so far provided VHR assistance to a total of 14,622 migrants in Libya, out of which 3,503\nwere Nigerians.\n\n\n**ECOWAS and ICRC validate plan of action for the implementation of international humanitarian**\n**law in the region:** On 2 November, the Commission of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and\n[the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) validated the ECOWAS Plan of Action](http://www.ecowas.int/ecowas-icrc-validate-plan-of-action-for-implementation-of-international-humanitarian-law-in-the-region/) on the implementation of the\nInternational Humanitarian Law (IHL) (2019-2023), following a four-day consultative meeting held in Abuja. The Plan of\nAction seeks to ensure that IHL are observed during armed conflict in the region thereby protecting the fundamental human\nrights of community citizens. In order to achieve this, the Plan of Action proposes to disseminate information to security\nagencies and armed forces of Member States about the IHL, raise awareness among civil society organizations, NGOs and\nthe judiciary, and include IHL in school curriculums in the region. .\n\n\n**IOM launches a radio series to address irregular migration in Nigeria:** [As announced on the 30 October IOM](https://www.iom.int/news/abroad-mata-taps-potential-radio-address-irregular-migration-nigeria)\nlaunched Abroad Mata in Nigeria, a radio program on the perils of irregular migration and opportunities to migrate safely.\nThe awareness raising initiative is part of the Migrants as Messengers and Aware Migrants projects in Nigeria. The National\nCommission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), the National Agency for the Prohibition of\nTrafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) and the Edo State Task Force on Human Trafficking, as well as several local radio stations,\njoined IOM to co-produce the series. Abroad Mata is a 13-episode series consisting of a radio drama titled Waka Well (\u2018travel\nwell\u2019, in Pidgin English), returnee testimonies, an expert panel and live phone-in sessions. The feedback segment of the show\nseeks to encourage dialogue around irregular migration and human trafficking.\n\n###### Cameroon\n\n\n**Cameroonian refugee arrivals in Nigeria pass the 30,000:** [On 9 November the UNHCR announced](https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2018/11/5be551224/fleeing-violence-cameroonian-refugee-arrivals-nigeria-pass-30000.html?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=2nd+section+2nd+story+unhcr&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_20181109) that the\nnumber of Cameroonian refugees fleeing violence and seeking refuge in Nigeria crossed the 30,000 mark and that almost\n600 had arrived in refugee settlements in the last two weeks. Refugees fleeing the South-West and North-West Regions of\nCameroon have been arriving in Nigeria since September 2017. Four out of every five of those registered so far are women\nand children. They are being sheltered in Nigeria\u2019s states of Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Benue and Taraba, most of them being\nhosted within local communities. The crisis erupted in 2017 after protests turned violent, with some calling for secession.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 OTHER REGIONAL INFORMATION_\n\n###### Morocco\n\n\n**Morocco imposes travel restrictions on citizens of Mali, Guinea and Congo-Brazzaville:** Since 1 November\nMorocco has imposed [new travel restrictions on nationals of Mali, Guinea and Congo-Brazzaville. Nationals form these](http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20181101-maroc-impose-restrictions-voyage-ressortissants-trois-pays-africains-visas)\ncountries were previously exempt from visa requirements. They will now be required to obtain online an \"electronic travel\nauthorization\" four days before departure. According to a source at the Moroccan Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited in RFI\nAfrique, it is not yet planned to extend this visa requirement to other African countries. According to the same source, the\nobjective is to streamline applications and to better ascertain the reasons for travel of nationals from these countries.\n\n###### Central African Republic\n\n\n**Resuming of fighting in Northern part of Central African Republic:** [The Danish Refugee Council reported](http://www.drc.ngo/news/new-outbreak-of-violence-in-batangafo-central-african-republic-causes-new-wave-of-mass-displacements?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=1st+section+2nd+story+drc&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_20181115)\non 14 November that fighting has resumed between armed groups in Batangafo, in the Northern part of Central African\nRepublic (CAR). This has led to the displacement of nearly 25,000 people and affected 37,000 persons. Most of the affected\npopulations are families who were already displaced and living in straw huts in settlements in the city center of Batangafo.\nAll of these were burnt to the ground. Around 12,000 people sought refuge at the town hospital supported by another\nINGO and others have traveled to the outskirts of Batangafo to hide in the bush. As a result, thousands of men, women and\nchildren are currently sleeping outdoors on the ground, eating only one meal a day and lacking access to drinking water. A\n[press release](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Press%20release%20_CAR%2021112018.pdf) was issued on 21 November by the Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator in CAR affirming that civilians need\n[urgent protection and assistance. UNICEF](https://reliefweb.int/report/central-african-republic/crisis-central-african-republic-neglected-emergency-children-need?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=2nd+section+2nd+story+unicef&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_20181130) published a related Child Alert concerning urgent needs by displaced children in\nCAR.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_MIXED MIGRATION SUMMARY \u2022 NEW RESEARCH AND REPORTS_\n\n## New research and reports\n\n\n**In Burkina Faso, a local drive to educate children fleeing extremist violence. Hundreds of schools have**\n**been forced to close in the north as jihadist attacks spread. IRIN News, 23 November 2018.** The article,\n[published on IRIN News, focuses on two main topics: jihadist violence and closure of schools in the northern regions of](https://www.irinnews.org/feature/2018/11/23/burkina-faso-local-drive-educate-children-fleeing-extremist-violence?utm_source=NEWS&utm_medium=email&utm_content=psychological+support+and+a+safe+place+to+study&utm_campaign=HQ_EN_therefugeebrief_external_20181126)\nBurkina Faso and on the empowerment of local aid groups. It tells the story of twins, Jan and Jannick, displaced by jihadist\nviolence from Oursi in the North of the country to Ouagadougou. They moved to the capital with their parents and are\nattending CEFISE, the center for integrated education and training of the deaf and hearing. This is a local initiative committed\nto providing for the needs of all children, including those with disabilities and children displaced by armed conflict.\n\n\n**In the centre of Mali, populations trapped by terrorism and counter-terrorism. FIDH, Research Report,**\n**November 2017/N 727f.** The Worldwide Human Rights Movement (FIDH) and the Malian Association for Human Rights\n[(AMDH) published a report](https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/fidh_centre_du_mali_les_populations_prises_au_pie_ge_du_terrorisme_et_contre_terrorisme.pdf) on the security and human rights situation in central Mali. It describes the rooting of armed\nterrorist groups, the intensification of inter-communal violence, and abuses committed in the context of anti-terrorist\noperations. Both organizations call on the Malian government to bring to justice the perpetrators of the crimes and serious\nabuses committed in the region, including the military. According to the report, the crisis in central Mali in the last two years\nhas resulted in at least 1,200 killed, hundreds injured and an estimated 30,000 displaced.\n\n\n**Rida Lyammori, Overview of Key Livelihood Activities in Northern Niger, Research Paper, OCP Policy**\n**Center, November 2018.** This [Research Paper](http://www.ocppc.ma/publications/overview-key-livelihood-activities-northern-niger) focuses on the livelihoods of northern Niger\u2019s population, who\nhave depended for centuries on trade and cross-border movement of goods with Libya. It provides a historical\noverview of cross border movements between Niger and Libya, explores different forms of legal and illicit trade,\nmovements of populations and recent socio-economic trends in the community in Northern Niger. The research\ncontends that \u201cTransportation and smuggling of licit subsidized goods from Libya and Algeria, will continue.\nNorthern Niger\u2019s local markets depend on foodstuff, goods, and fuel from Libya and Algeria due to affordable\nprices. With cracking down on migration, more drivers will engage in transporting and trading goods to generate\n\nincome. Persistent demand for reliable vehicles at affordable prices will continue to encourage vehicle smuggling\nfrom troubled southern Libya\u201d.\n\n\n**Regional migration in West Africa: attitudes and perceptions toward migrants in Ghana, Background**\n**paper prepared for the 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report, UNESCO, 2018.** This [background paper](https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000266052)\nexplores the question of migrant self-perception and sense of belonging. It is based on field research in Accra,\nGhana with migrant children and youth from West African countries. The research suggests that the extent to\nwhich migrants felt accepted or not was primarily dependent on the attitude of the host community. The report\nconcludes that schools can lead the way in promoting better integration and support programs that enhance\npositive self-perception and identification of migrants.\n\n\n**Mixed Migration Review 2018, Mixed Migration Centre, 9 November 2018** . This first publication of the\nannual [Mixed Migration Review by the Mixed Migration Centre offers a review of mixed migration around the world focusing](http://www.mixedmigration.org/resource/mixed-migration-review-2018/)\non key events and policy developments during the 2017/2018 period. The report includes a series of essays looking at the\nmost salient and polemical issues facing the refugee and migration sectors with respect to mixed flows, as well as a series\nof interviews with individuals and officials closely associated with or relevant to the sector and its challenges. The report is\nbased on a range of research as well as exclusive access to 4Mi data from over 10,000 interviews with refugees and migrants\nin over twenty countries along seven major migratory routes. In three major sections (the migrants\u2019 world, the smugglers\u2019\nworld and global debates), the report offers a deep analytical dive into the world of mixed migration.\n\n\nMonthly Trends Analysis West Africa 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 Global Education Monitoring Report", - "confidence": 0.5646664500236511, - "start": 540, - "end": 545 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5275899767875671, - "start": 544, - "end": 545 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNESCO", - "confidence": 0.9359179139137268, - "start": 546, - "end": 547 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.8711004257202148, - "start": 540, - "end": 541 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9291774034500122, - "start": 540, - "end": 541 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mixed Migration Review", - "confidence": 0.8052825927734375, - "start": 641, - "end": 644 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "review of mixed migration around the world", - "confidence": 0.7104591131210327, - "start": 673, - "end": 680 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6853398680686951, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mixed Migration Centre", - "confidence": 0.8988645076751709, - "start": 646, - "end": 649 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.9301870465278625, - "start": 644, - "end": 645 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017/2018", - "confidence": 0.5860731601715088, - "start": 692, - "end": 695 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.8955737948417664, - "start": 771, - "end": 774 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "4Mi data", - "confidence": 0.9866238832473755, - "start": 762, - "end": 764 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9365625381469727, - "start": 771, - "end": 774 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monthly Trends Analysis", - "confidence": 0.6855400204658508, - "start": 817, - "end": 820 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6388331055641174, - "start": 804, - "end": 805 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "West Africa", - "confidence": 0.811163604259491, - "start": 820, - "end": 822 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1841dabd-0254-3315-beef-3b66b6f53fb2/ms-wa-1812.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_833/raw/doc_833_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_833/raw/doc_833_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a6149580bc648f5ebe87b6d571c577102970544f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_833/raw/doc_833_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Multi-Purpose Cash** **and Sectoral Outcomes**\n#### **A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n\n##### **Executive Summary**\n\nGrowing attention to multi-purpose cash offers an\nexciting opportunity to redress a long-standing\nshortcoming of humanitarian response. There\nis a need to better understand and respond\nto crisis-affected people in a more holistic and\ncoherent way, going beyond sectors to bring the\nemphasis back to how people live and perceive\nand prioritize their needs. Multi-purpose cash\nopens up possibilities for enhanced collaboration\namong technical sectors and between cash and\nsector experts. Sectoral expertise should be\nmore adequately represented in multi-sectoral\nassessments, design, implementation and\nmonitoring of multi-purpose cash.\n\n\nMulti-purpose cash makes up the largest proportion\nof cash-based interventions implemented by\nUNHCR, but there is scope for further upscaling\nin displacement settings. This report sets out\nevidence and learning on the sectoral outcomes\nof multi-purpose cash, drawing on a literature\nreview, key informant interviews and case studies\nfrom Greece and Afghanistan. As ample evidence\nof the past ten years demonstrates, cash is an\nimportant part of the humanitarian toolbox that can\nallow people to meet their basic needs effectively\nand with dignity. However, evidence is lacking on\nhow far multi-purpose cash contributes to sectoral\noutcomes in health, WASH, shelter, food security\nand nutrition, education, livelihoods, energy and\nenvironment programming, and how sectoral\ninterventions should include multi-purpose cash\nalong with other activities to best reach intended\nsectoral outcomes that contribute to protection.\nThis report helps address this gap.\n\n\n##### **Key Findings**\n\n**Multi-purpose cash has positive outcomes,**\n**including in sectors beyond food security:**\nThere is strong evidence for the positive impact\nof multi-purpose cash in relation to nutrition, food\nsecurity and livelihoods. Whilst the evidence is\nweaker for WASH, health, education, shelter, and\nthe energy and environment sectors, it is clear that\npeople do put the cash assistance to use in such\nareas, for instance on improving their access to\nwater, sanitation, health care and education. How\npeople use cash is context specific, but it is usually\nspent according to a hierarchy of needs \u2013 most\nimmediate needs first (food, basic shelter, primary\nor emergency health care) and other needs later\n(investments in livelihoods, secondary and tertiary\nhealth care, less essential goods).\n\n\n**Value, frequency, duration and seasonality**\n**afect the outcomes of multi-purpose cash:**\nThe bigger the transfer the more impacts across\nsectors. Evidence from social transfers indicates\nthat, simply put, \u201cbigger transfers equal bigger\nimpacts\u201d (Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler, 2015:\n7). Frequency, duration and seasonality (such as\ncash at the beginning of the school year, or for\nwinterization) matter for outcomes. More evidence\nis needed on the right balance of small regular\ngrants and larger one-off payments. Transparency\non the duration of transfers is important. If people\nknow for how long they will receive a regular grant\nthey are better able to plan and budget how\nto use it.\n\n\n**Multi-purpose cash may meet cross-sectoral**\n**needs efciently and efectively:** The provision of\none grant that covers multiple sectors rather than\nseveral sector-specific grants can be more efficient\nand effective in meeting a wide range of needs. It\ncan also foster greater flexibility and choice in ways\nthat enable people to decide what to prioritize.\nMulti-purpose cash may also have multiplier effects\nin local economies and offer opportunities to\npromote longer-term financial inclusion and social\nprotection.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.7481737732887268, - "start": 181, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "past ten years", - "confidence": 0.8410926461219788, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "crisis-affected people", - "confidence": 0.7843337655067444, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.5170350670814514, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.502007246017456, - "start": 284, - "end": 285 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people", - "confidence": 0.5431419610977173, - "start": 214, - "end": 215 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "social transfers", - "confidence": 0.9576976895332336, - "start": 486, - "end": 488 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "bigger transfers equal bigger\nimpacts", - "confidence": 0.558863639831543, - "start": 495, - "end": 500 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler", - "confidence": 0.9182066321372986, - "start": 502, - "end": 505 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.94159334897995, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Multi-Purpose Cash and Sectoral Outcomes: A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n##### **Limitations of Multi-Purpose Cash**\n\n\n\n**Protection and sector-specifc programming**\n**remains essential:** The evidence overwhelmingly\nindicates that cash is not the only form of assistance\nneeded. Support for protection and sector-specific\nprogramming will remain vital for the supply of\nquality services and goods to affected populations,\nincluding displaced groups, and for the technical\nknowledge, training and behaviour change needed\nto achieve particular outcomes.\n\n\n**Multi-purpose cash cannot tackle systemic issues:**\nCash injections at the individual or household level\nare simply unable to tackle systemic issues around\nquality of service provision. Nor they can address\nlegal and policy issues that often constrain livelihoods\nor access to services, particularly for refugees, such\nas the right to work or access to national health and\neducation systems. Multi-purpose cash is also no\nsubstitute for technical skills and support, for instance\nto ensure that water is clean and safe, shelters are fit\nfor purpose, and environmental risks are taken into\naccount. Cash alone cannot address critical protection\nconcerns related to marginalization, exclusion and\nrights violations, and is no substitute for the human\nresources needed to support case management\napproaches.\n\n\n\n**Inadequate multi-purpose cash value limits**\n**outcomes:** Multi-purpose cash is usually calculated\nas a contribution to a Minimum Expenditure Basket\n(MEB), which represents the absolute minimum\nneeded to survive and keep an individual or family\nfrom destitution and poverty. Multi-purpose cash\nis often too small to contribute much to outcomes\nacross multiple sectors. There is therefore a need\nfor realism around multiple sector outcomes that\ncan be achieved through multi-purpose cash\nassistance, especially when the amount and\nduration of assistance are limited, as is often the\ncase, because of funding or other constraints.\n\n\n**Minimum standards must be adhered to:** Minimum\nstandards in the technical areas should guide the\ninterventions, including those provided through\ncash assistance. As with other forms of assistance,\ncash is not always appropriate and its use should\nalways be a context-specific judgement based\non sound response analysis. There may be\npublic health arguments for not trusting people\u2019s\nown priorities, and for complementing general\ncash assistance with particular sector-specific\ninvestments to address public health risks (such as\naccess to clean water).\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Going Forward**\n\n**Consider the best combination of multi-purpose**\n**cash and sectoral activities:** There is huge scope\nfor greater complementarity between cash and\nsector-specific programming in ways that can\ncreate synergistic impacts. In order to take better\nadvantage of these opportunities, cash and sector\nspecialists need to collaborate constructively\nand strategically to explore ways in which cash\ncan best contribute to sectoral outcomes in\nconjunction with other forms of support. While the\nevidence base supports strategic complementarity\nin programming, the greater evidence challenge\nlies in more rigorously testing and examining what\ntypes and sequencing of interventions work best\ntogether, and what combinations of assistance can\ncreate synergistic impacts.\n\n\n**Sector engagement throughout the cash**\n**programme cycle is critical:** Multi-purpose\ncash should also be seen as an opportunity for\nenhanced collaboration, both among technical\nsectors and between cash and technical sector\nexperts. This is critical to ensure that existing\n\n\n\napproaches to multi-purpose cash respond\nto the specific needs of each sector, and that\nsectoral expertise is adequately represented in\nmulti-sectoral assessments, response analysis,\ndesign, implementation and monitoring of multipurpose cash. The Basic Needs Approach in\nthe Refugee Response and the UNHCR Market\nAssessment: Companion Guide and Toolkit provide\nuseful platforms for holistic programming and\nstrengthened and coordinated sector engagement.\n\n\n**Complementarity in programming:**\nThe consideration of \u2018complementarity\u2019 in\nprogramming is distinct from \u2018cash plus\u2019, which\ncan imply cash interventions as the starting\npoint. Whilst there is a current trend towards\nexploring \u2018cash plus\u2019 approaches, UNHCR sees\nservices, cash and in-kind as core businesses\nthat complement each other to deliver on\nsectoral outcomes without one modality\nbeing subordinate to another. This is also the\napproach to complementary interventions\nadopted in this report.\n\n\n\n**UNHCR core business to deliver protection and solutions for displaced persons**\n\n\n\n**What is our**\n\n**purpose?**\n\n\n**Protection**\n**and solutions**\n\n**for displaced**\n\n**persons**\n\n\n\n**What outcomes do**\n\n**displaced persons**\n\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\n**Nutrition/**\n**Food Security**\n\n\n**Livelihoods**\n\n\n**Shelter**\n\n\n**Energy/**\n**Environment**\n\n\n**WASH**\n\n\n**Health**\n\n\n**Education**\n\n\n\n**What are the most appropriate**\n**modalities / combination of modalities**\n\n**to deliver on these outcomes?**\n\n\n\n**Which complementary activities**\n**particularly support the sectoral impact**\n\n**of multi-purpose cash?**\n\n\n**Protection:** e.g. psychosocial support, language and\nlife-skills training, referrals systems, information on\nbirth registration process.\n\n\n**Nutrition / Food Security:** e.g. training on food\npreservation, education on nutrition, support to\nmarkets.\n\n\n**Livelihoods:** e.g. training on financial management,\ninformation on profitable value chains, interventions\nto address supply side constraints.\n\n\n**Shelter:** e.g. training on \u2018building back safer\u2019, legal\nadvice on land tenure or renting contracts, training\nsuppliers on quality items specifications.\n\n\n**Energy/environment:** e.g. awareness raising to\nincrease uptake of clean energy, training suppliers to\nensure availability of fuel-efficient stoves in markets.\n\n\n**WASH:** e.g. community engagement, behavior\nchange communication and hygiene promotion,\ntraining to ensure quality of water trucking.\n\n\n**Health:** e.g. awareness raising on importance of\nseeking qualified medical advice, advocacy for\nintegration in national services, training of staff.\n\n\n**Education:** e.g. communication campaign to enroll\nand retain girls in school, training of teachers to\nimprove quality of education.\n\n\n\n**need in terms of:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "evidence base", - "confidence": 0.9467217326164246, - "start": 92, - "end": 94 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on\nbirth registration process", - "confidence": 0.5203098654747009, - "start": 525, - "end": 530 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Multi-Purpose Cash and Sectoral Outcomes: A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n\n\n**Multi-purpose cash can increase the reach of**\n**sector activities:** Multi-purpose cash transfer\nprogrammes may provide opportunities to\nincrease the reach of sector-specific activities;\nfor example, the inclusion of behaviour-change\ncommunication activities when people are\nregistered at pay-points and during monitoring.\nThere may also be opportunities to layer and\nintegrate sector-specific programming into\nmulti-purpose cash. For instance, case\nmanagement and referral systems can use single\nregistries and programme monitoring as key\nentry points, building on experience from social\nprotection systems.\n\n\n**Measuring outcomes across sectors:** Across\nhumanitarian action there has been a long\nhistory of poor monitoring of activities and\noutputs, and thus an insufficient understanding\nof outcomes. Cash and particularly multi-purpose\ncash can enable a shift to better monitoring\nof outcomes across sectors. The question we\nshould be asking is what is needed to help\npeople achieve better standards of living in a\ngiven context? Are people food secure, living in\nsafe accommodation and a healthy environment,\nable to access clean water and health care,\nand can they keep their children in school?\nThe impact of multi-purpose cash should not\nbe measured in isolation and should instead\nfocus on what combinations of assistance and\nmodalities can create synergistic impacts.\n\n\n**Integrate multi-purpose cash into an overall**\n**protection approach:** Protection needs to be\nseen as a cross-cutting issue and protection\noutcomes need to be considered across all\nsectors. Multi-purpose cash can have positive\nprotection outcomes within specific sectors, but\nalso for cross-cutting issues such as gender, age\nand disability. Multi-purpose cash programmes\nneed to be integrated into an overall protection\napproach, which remains the core of UNHCR\u2019s\nwork. Analysis and mitigation of protection\nrisks should be mainstreamed in the design\nand implementation of multi-purpose cash and\nattention should be given to risks of exclusion\nand discrimination. There is scope for greater\ncomplementarity between multi-purpose cash\nand protection programming and services to\nmaximize positive protection outcomes and\nreduce risks.\n\n\n##### **Key Findings: Sectors** **Shelter**\n\n\n- In some contexts a significant part of multipurpose cash is spent on shelter needs,\nparticularly for rent, but multi-purpose cash\nare often too small to cover shelter needs\nadequately.\n\n\n- Shelter sector specialists fear that multipurpose cash used for shelter could result in\npeople living in sub-standard accommodation\nor continuing to live in unsafe buildings, or\nexperiencing other environmental risks and\na lack of technical support; although there is\nsome evidence that this is taking place, more\nresearch is needed.\n\n\n- Complementarity between cash and other\nforms of shelter programming \u2013 including inkind assistance, technical support, work on\nthe supply of adequate housing and advocacy\non refugee rights \u2013 is needed to meet shelter\noutcomes.\n\n\n- In Greece, the urban accommodation scheme\nhas faced huge implementation challenges,\nincluding finding safe, affordable buildings in\nrelatively central urban areas, and xenophobic\nattitudes in some municipalities. In nonEuropean humanitarian contexts, where\nmulti-purpose cash assistance is most often\ndelivered, these implementation difficulties are\nlikely to be amplified.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, the repatriation cash grant has\nmade important contributions to shelter needs,\nenabling returnee beneficiaries to rent a home,\nbuy land and/or construct houses. However,\nweak security of tenure and poor quality of\nshelter indicate the difficulties of ensuring\nquality of shelter outcomes with multi-purpose\ncash only, without complementary legal,\ntechnical or in-kind support.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "single\nregistries", - "confidence": 0.6053690314292908, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people", - "confidence": 0.9075232744216919, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "urban accommodation scheme", - "confidence": 0.5635112524032593, - "start": 529, - "end": 532 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnee beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.6703988313674927, - "start": 597, - "end": 599 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **WASH**\n\n\n- Little evidence exists on the effectiveness\nof multi-purpose cash in delivering WASH\noutcomes \u2013 access to water, sanitation and\nhygiene \u2013 in humanitarian contexts.\n\n\n- There is some evidence that part of the multipurpose cash is spent on water, sanitation and\nhygiene in ways that may contribute to desired\noutcomes.\n\n\n- Cash transfers are not able (or designed) to\nsubstitute for the \u2018software\u2019 side of WASH\nprogramming, such as community mobilization,\ndesign and training in the use of WASH\nhardware, behaviour change communication\nand hygiene promotion. A mix of modalities and\ntechnical support has the greatest potential for\nmeeting WASH outcomes.\n\n\n- Risks need to be mitigated where multipurpose cash may be used to purchase poor\nquality water, or water that is not subsequently\ntreated, or used to build/maintain substandard\nlatrines; or where cash use may present other\npublic health risks or negative environmental\nconsequences.\n\n\n- In Greece, baby diapers and lice shampoo were\nthe two main recurrent and occasional hygiene\nexpenditures met in part or fully with the multipurpose cash.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, a small part of the repatriation\ncash grant was used in some returnee\nhouseholds to address the specific hygiene\nneeds of women and girls.\n\n\n- UNHCR has developed some guidance in this\narea, including: Cash-Based Interventions for\nWASH Programmes in Refugee Settings as\nwell as checklists such as Cash for Latrines, in\ncollaboration with the Global WASH Cluster.\n\n\n##### **Health**\n\n\n- There is substantial evidence from development\ncontexts that unconditional cash can have\na positive impact on health outcomes,\nbut evidence from multi-purpose cash in\nhumanitarian crises is limited.\n\n\n- Part of multi-purpose cash is spent on health\ncare costs, such as transport to and from health\nfacilities, and private health care.\n\n\n- Multi-purpose cash is no substitute for a focus\non improving the quality of health systems, on\nintegrating refugees into national systems and\non sustainable solutions to health care financing.\n\n\n- There is scope for health sector specialists\nto engage more with cash to inform MEB\ncalculations and to understand how cash is used\nfor health care costs.\n\n\n- Despite legal provisions that allow refugees\nand others of concern free access to the public\nprimary health care system in Greece, supply\nand demand barriers make access an ongoing\nchallenge: health personnel are not always\naware of the legal framework, and without\ninterpreters persons of concern find it difficult to\ninteract with health providers.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, findings do not point to health\nas a widespread expenditure among returnees,\nand only a very small number reported having\nused the bulk of cash to address health needs.\nMechanisms to identify vulnerable returnees,\nincluding those with serious medical conditions,\nare in place but some may be falling through\nthe cracks. The difficulties associated with\ntracking returnees and the pattern of secondary\ndisplacement may be among the reasons.\n\n\n- UNHCR has gathered some knowledge in this\narea, including Cash-based interventions for\nhealth programmes in Refugee Settings: A\nReview and Cash for Health: Key learnings from\na cash for health intervention in Jordan\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Multi-Purpose Cash and Sectoral Outcomes: A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n\n##### **Education**\n\n\n- Cash transfers can play a role in promoting\npositive education outcomes through multiple\npathways, from helping with direct costs (fees,\nuniforms, transport) to addressing barriers which\nkeep children out of school (such as improving\nchildren\u2019s nutrition and reducing child labour).\n\n\n- Evidence of the impact of multi-purpose cash\non education in humanitarian settings is limited;\nwhat evidence does exist (from Lebanon and\nJordan) is positive although in these locations is\nrelated only to the duration of the assistance.\n\n\n- Cash can contribute to meeting costs for\neducation but is no substitute for support to\nimprove the quality of education and addressing\nbarriers of access, such as refugee exclusion\nfrom national education systems or access to\naccredited examinations.\n\n\n- For example, despite legal provisions that allow\nrefugees free access to the education system\nin Greece, indirect costs are a barrier of access,\nsuch as buying new clothes and providing\nchildren with lunch money. Recently, the Greek\nMinistry of Education, in cooperation with\nUNHCR and other agencies, established free\npreparatory classes for refugee children living\nin urban settings with a view to integrating them\ninto public schools. However, there remain gaps\naround provision of pre-school education, senior\nsecondary education (for youth over 15 years\nold), higher education and vocational training.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, distances children have to travel\nto their nearest public school and entrenched\ngender norms were key barriers to access,w\nwhich the repatriation cash grant was unable\nto redress. The inclusion of returnee children\nin the education system was also hampered\nby a lengthy and expensive process that made\nrecognition of school certificates extremely\ndifficult to attain.\n\n\n\n\n- UNHCR recently launched Cash for education:\nA global review of UNHCR programs in refugee\nsettings, which provides an overview of the\nuse of cash assistance in 45 programmes\nand highlights some key opportunities and\nchallenges on the use of cash for education in\nurban and camp settings.\n\n##### **Energy and the Environment**\n\n\n- In some contexts people spend a significant\npart of multi-purpose cash on fuel for cooking,\nheating and lighting, and it forms part of\nMEB calculations. In Afghanistan, part of\nthe repatriation cash grant was used by\nbeneficiaries who returned during the winter in\n2016 to buy fuel for heating and warm clothes.\n\n\n- There is clear scope for complementarity\nbetween cash and other activities to promote\nthe use of clean fuels, market based approaches\nand more environmentally sustainable means for\ncooking, heating and lighting.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Nutrition and Food Security**\n\n\n- Evidence of the positive impact of multi-purpose\ncash on nutrition through multiple causal\npathways is growing.\n\n\n- There is some evidence that programmes\ncombining multi-purpose cash, in-kind\nfood assistance and behaviour change\ncommunication activities can be particularly\neffective at improving nutrition outcomes.\n\n\n- There is a large body of evidence and a clear\ncausal pathway for the positive contribution of\nmulti-purpose cash to food security outcomes,\nincluding on hunger scores, dietary diversity and\nreducing negative coping strategies.\n\n\n- Multi-purpose cash can improve household food\nsecurity as well as the social, care and health\nenvironments, and therefore redress some of\nthe underlying causes of malnutrition.\n\n\n- People buy food with multi-purpose cash; it can\nenable people to do more work on their own\nproduction and can be spent on productive\nassets.\n\n\n- In Greece, cash assistance was an appropriate\nresponse to the food needs of refugees\nand others of concern living in urban areas.\nHowever, virtually all refugees reported that\neven if all cash assistance was spent on food,\nthe amount was insufficient to satisfy food\nneeds for the whole month. Complementary\nactivities that warrant attention in this context\ninclude the provision of additional transport\nservices or monthly transport tickets/cards for\nrefugees living in isolated areas, and stepping\nup work around value chain analysis to\nsupport access to food at reasonable prices to\nmaximize the value of the cash transfer.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, returnee monitoring reports\nindicate that the bulk of the repatriation cash\ngrant is spent on food, but no additional\ninformation is provided on related food\nsecurity gains.\n\n\n##### **Livelihoods**\n\n\n- Multi-purpose cash provides a clear temporary\nincome boost to livelihoods, but evidence on\nsustained impacts is less clear.\n\n\n- Livelihoods activities that can be supported\nthrough multi-purpose cash include\ninvestments in businesses and trading,\npurchase of productive assets and enabling\nwork on own production.\n\n\n- A wide range of food security and livelihoods\ninterventions exist \u2013 from credit to support to\nmarkets, training and provision of inputs \u2013 that\ncould be complementary to multi-purpose cash,\nbut evidence is limited on what combinations of\nmodalities and assistance work best to create\nsynergistic impacts.\n\n\n- While refugees can legally access employment\nopportunities in Greece, in practice it is\nextremely difficult for them to do so. None of\nthe Focus Group Discussion (FGD) participants\nstated that they were working and there were\nno reports that multi-purpose cash assistance\nhad enhanced refugees\u2019 ability to work.\n\n\n- In Afghanistan, the repatriation cash grant\nhas catalysed investments in livelihoods for\na minority. Scarce and poorly paid livelihood\nopportunities were prompting further migration\nof male youth to Pakistan and elsewhere.\nDespite the recent focus by UNHCR on\nlivelihood activities as a way to mitigate\nprotection risks, as well as on strengthening\nlinkages between humanitarian assistance and\ndevelopment through partnerships, limited\nsupport to livelihoods was found in the areas\nvisited.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Multi-Purpose Cash and Sectoral Outcomes: A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Multi-Purpose Cash and Sectoral Outcomes: A Review of Evidence and Learning**\n\n\n##### **unhcr.org**\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d755fc99-0994-3e89-b9c4-54d04ec266ba/multipurpose_cash_grants_-_sect_outcomes_executive_summary.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_834/raw/doc_834_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_834/raw/doc_834_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0b56cdaede6e327eaf82b8a75aa0710772ee3c70..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_834/raw/doc_834_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Notes d\u2019analyse et de plaidoyer pour la protection des populations civiles contre les Mines et**\n\n\n**Restes d\u2019Explosifs dans les Provinces de Tanganyika et Haut Katanga**\n\n\n**Kalemie, 17 septembre 2020**\n\n\n**Pr\u00e9sentation de GTLAM**\nGTLAM Tanganyika est un groupe de travail faisant partie int\u00e9grante du Cluster Protection dont actuellement,\nl\u2019ONG GADDE (Groupe Africain de D\u00e9minage, D\u00e9veloppement et Environnement) est lead apr\u00e8s la fermeture du\nbureau de la coordination provinciale de l\u2019UNMAS (UN mine action service) et l\u2019ONG MAG (Mine action group)\ndans la province du Tanganyika.\n\n\n**I. Aper\u00e7u du contexte**\n\nLa Province du Tanganyika est rest\u00e9e depuis plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019affrontements entre\nles groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces loyalistes.\nDes poches d\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s Mai Mai Yakutumba et Forces d\u00e9mocratiques de lib\u00e9ration du\nRwanda (FDLR) subsistent dans les Hauts Plateaux de Fizi/sud Kivu, zone voisine du Tanganyika o\u00f9 il est\nsporadiquement jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour signal\u00e9 des attaques et actes de violence sur la population civile attribu\u00e9s aux\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s.\nCes conflits ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des mouvements massifs et continus de populations accompagn\u00e9s de pertes\nimportantes en vies humaines avec de risques importants de tomber sur les Restes Explosifs de guerre\nqui ne perdent leur capacit\u00e9 de nuisance que lorsqu\u2019ils explosent.\nDans des zones post-conflit, les Restes Explosifs de Guerre (REG) menacent la vie des personnes, entravent\nleur libert\u00e9 de mouvements et freine les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques.\nCette situation constitue aussi un obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire aux populations en besoin,\n\u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvements et \u00e0 la reprise des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques dans certaines contr\u00e9es des deux\nprovinces.\nLa pr\u00e9sente note d\u2019analyse et de plaidoyer a pour but d\u2019alerter les acteurs humanitaires et le\ngouvernement sur l\u2019ampleur de la situation ainsi que les risques pour la population civile dans les\nzones de conflits arm\u00e9s et de retour, pour que les actions soient prises en vue de renforcer la\nprotection des populations civiles.\n\n**II. Risques et impact sur la vie des populations**\n\n**\u2022** L\u2019atteinte \u00e0 la vie des personnes (7 morts) ;\n\n**\u2022** L\u2019atteinte grave \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (45 bless\u00e9s graves) ;\n\n**\u2022** La r\u00e9duction des activit\u00e9s agropastoral ;\n\n**\u2022** La r\u00e9duction des mouvements ;\n\n**\u2022** La r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s physique aux moyens de subsistance (acc\u00e8s aux champs, aux march\u00e9s\u2026)\n\n**\u2022** La r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire ;\n\n**\u2022** La r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (sante, \u00e9ducation.);\n\n**\u2022** L\u2019Impact sur le bien \u00eatre mental des populations\n\n**III. Quelques faits et chiffres**\n\n\n - **De janvier \u00e0 juillet 2020, les acteurs du GT LAM ont rapport\u00e9s les donn\u00e9es suivantes :**\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95947d03-b1b3-32d3-9ed9-a6e42c2bf0fc/note_danalyse_et_de_plaidoyer_du_gtp_lam-17_septembre_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Selon les donn\u00e9es repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sur la carte, les territoires de Nyunzu et de pweto sont les plus touch\u00e9s en termes de\n\nnombre d\u2019incidents et de zones de d\u00e9couverte de mines et engins explosifs suivi de Moba et de Kalemie.\n\n\n**IV. Zone d\u2019intervention des acteurs du GT LAM et pourcentage de village touch\u00e9s par les activit\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Zone de sant\u00e9|Aires de
sant\u00e9|Population|Activit\u00e9s LAM|% de
zones
touch|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**KALEMIE**
|6/27
|383455
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|~~**\u00e9**~~
22
|\n|**NYEMBA**
|4/21
|358205
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|19
|\n|**NYUNZU**|3/25|283406|ERM / ALPC/ENT|12|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MBULULA|0/21|217591|ERM / ALPC/ENT|00|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**MANONO**
|0/25
|364168
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|00
|\n|**KIAMBI**
|
0/26
|186828
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|00
|\n|**ANKORO**
|0/25
|289156
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|00
|\n|**KABALO**|0/24|281576|ERM / ALPC/ENT|00|\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95947d03-b1b3-32d3-9ed9-a6e42c2bf0fc/note_danalyse_et_de_plaidoyer_du_gtp_lam-17_septembre_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|KONGOLO|0/24|362598|ERM / ALPC/ENT|00|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**MOBA**
|9/25
|369302
|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|36
|\n|**KANSIMB**
**A**
|7/21
|187238|ERM / ALPC/ENT
|33
|\n|
**Total:**|
**29/264 = 11**
|**3283523**
|
**ERM / ALPC/ENT**|
**122/1100 = 11%**|\n\n\n\n**Source : ONG** GADDE, Croix rouge Tanganyika et DPS/Tanganyika.\n\n\nLe tableau montre que sur 264 aires de sant\u00e9 de la province du Tanganyika seules 29 (11%) aires de sant\u00e9 ont\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9s des activit\u00e9s de LAM. Vu le faible taux (11%) de couverture des provinces pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es par les activit\u00e9s\nde lutte antimine, le GT LAM constate que le besoin reste \u00e9norme et le nombre de victimes d e s\ni n c i d e n t s l i \u00e9s a u x m i n e s e t R E G s ne cesse de s\u2019accroitre ainsi que la d\u00e9couverte de nouvelles\nzones dangereuses n\u2019est pas en reste.\n\n\nLe GTLAM Tanganyika estime que l\u2019ampleur de la situation serait plus alarmante que ce qui est connu par\nle fait que tous les territoires du Tanganyika et la grande partie du Haut-Katanga ne sont pas couverts par\nles activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques et ENT.\n\n\n**V-Quelques actions de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponses en cours**\n\n\nLes acteurs du GTLAM ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s des activit\u00e9s ERM, ENT et COPA de 01 mai 2019 au 31 juillet 2020 avec un\nfinancement des Fonds humanitaires de 510 000 USD pour couvrir 3 zones ( Nyunzu, Kiyambe,Pweto) pour 15 mois\net un financement KOIKA de 80 000 USD pour couvrir 2 zones ( Kalemie et Moba) pour 3 mois ( octobre 2019 \u00e0\nd\u00e9cembre 2019).\n\n\nLes activit\u00e9s du GT LAM ont couvert une p\u00e9riode de 15 mois et se poursuit avec les s\u00e9ances d\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques\nli\u00e9s Mines et restes explosifs de guerre, le partage des alertes, les sensibilisations et l\u2019installation et formation des\npoints focaux et relais communautaires. Au total 91250 personnes ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de ces activit\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe GTLAM Tanganyika \u00e0 travers son staff technique a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 2078 sessions de formation des formateurs de 4 8 5\nleaders communautaires (points focaux) sur le r\u00f4le que la population devrait et doit jouer afin d\u2019adopter un\ncomportement ad\u00e9quat pour sa propre s\u00e9curisation.\n\nVu le besoin et l\u2019immensit\u00e9 du champ d\u2019action ainsi que la contrainte budg\u00e9taire, les acteurs du GT LAM n\u2019ont pas\npu couvrir toutes les zones infest\u00e9es identifi\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s, afin de conduire des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation\naux risques de REG, des enqu\u00eates non techniques (ENT) pour une cartographie appropri\u00e9e.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9finitif, GTLAM Tanganyika plaide pour plus d\u2019implication des diff\u00e9rentes couches sociales notamment ;\npopulations h\u00f4tes, retourn\u00e9es et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (\u00e2ges et sexes confondus), les forces arm\u00e9es, la PNC, des groupes arm\u00e9s\ndans la lutte contre les REG et ALPC. Aussi, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tendre et/ou de poursuivre les activit\u00e9s de lutte antimines afin de couvrir les zones restantes ou les populations expos\u00e9es aux risques des REG.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95947d03-b1b3-32d3-9ed9-a6e42c2bf0fc/note_danalyse_et_de_plaidoyer_du_gtp_lam-17_septembre_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**D\u00e9fis de protection et Recommandations**\n\n\nAu vu de tout ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, et dans l\u2019optique de minimiser les diff\u00e9rents accidents et risques li\u00e9s aux mines et reste explosifs de guerre vu l\u2019ampleur de la situation, il\ns\u2019av\u00e8re urgent de prendre en compte les recommandations ci-dessous :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaine|D\u00e9fis|Recommandations|Responsable|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
**Prevention ; Sensibilisation et**
**formation**|Couverture des provinces du Tanganyika et du
Haut-Katanga par l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques des
mines et Reg, Enqu\u00eate non technique (ENT)

Pr\u00e9sence des relais communautaires form\u00e9s dans
les zones avec pr\u00e9sence des zones avec
d\u00e9couverte d\u2019engins explosifs|Poursuivre les s\u00e9ances de Sensibilisation en Education
aux Risques li\u00e9s aux mines et REG dans les provinces
du Tanganyika et du Haut-Katanga;

Renforcer la mise en place et la formation des points
focaux, relais communautaires,
|Sous cluster LAM- GT LAM|\n|
**Implication du gouvernement et**
**toutes les parties prenantes**|Coordination des actions LAM dans les provinces
avec des zones pollu\u00e9es (UXO)|Inciter le gouvernement \u00e0 s\u2019impliquer davantage dans
la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette probl\u00e9matique de
protection dans les zones de retour et renforcer le
plaidoyer au niveau national
|Cluster protection ; Sous cluster
LAM- GT LAM|\n|**Identification et d\u00e9minage des**
**zones infest\u00e9es**|La mise \u00e0 la disposition des communaut\u00e9s et des
acteurs humanitaires une cartographie des zones
pollu\u00e9es,

D\u00e9pollution
et
destruction
tardives
des
REGs et Mine s identifi\u00e9s, marqu\u00e9s et
rapporter
|
Mettre \u00e0 la disposition des communaut\u00e9s et des acteurs
humanitaires une cartographie des zones infest\u00e9es

Mener des actions rapides de d\u00e9pollution
et
destruction des mines et REG identifi\u00e9s, marqu\u00e9s
et rapporter
|Sous cluster LAM- GT LAM|\n|**R\u00e9ponses multisectorielles aux**
**victimes**|Prise en charge holistique des victimes des
mines et REGs

|Renforcer les r\u00e9ponses multisectorielles aux victimes
notamment
la
prise
en
charge
psychosociale ;
socio\u00e9conomique et m\u00e9dicale,
|Gouvernement
Acteurs GT LAM
|\n|**Pr\u00e9sence des acteurs sur le**
**terrain, et experts LAM**|Faible couverture des zones et pr\u00e9sence des
\u00e9quipes techniques s u r terrain ;

Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019experts UNMAS (UN mine action
service), MAG (Mine action group)|Poursuivre la mobilisation des fonds pour plus d\u2019action
et de couverture des zones car tous les territoires du
Tanganyika et la grande partie du Haut-Katanga ne sont
pas couverts
Red\u00e9ploiement des experts/\u00e9quipe de d\u00e9minage
humanitaire LAM UNMAS (UN mine action service),
MAG (Mine action group)
|Cluster protection ; Sous cluster
LAM- GT LAM|\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95947d03-b1b3-32d3-9ed9-a6e42c2bf0fc/note_danalyse_et_de_plaidoyer_du_gtp_lam-17_septembre_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MARQUAGE LOCAL**\n\n\n**OBUS DE MORTIER**\n\n\n\n**MARQUAGE OFFICIEL**\n\n\n**GRENADE A MAIN**\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/95947d03-b1b3-32d3-9ed9-a6e42c2bf0fc/note_danalyse_et_de_plaidoyer_du_gtp_lam-17_septembre_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_835/raw/doc_835_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_835/raw/doc_835_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 10eb3560065b66d3317bbf1ef50b1778ec685c4c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_835/raw/doc_835_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**NOTE DE PLAIDOYER SUR LA PROTECTION CONTRE L\u2019EXPLOITATION ET LES ABUS SEXUELS**\n\n**(PEAS) DANS LA REGION DE DIFFA**\n\n\n_Mars 2018_\n\n\n**Contexte**\n\n\nL\u2019exploitation sexuelle d\u00e9signe le fait d\u2019abuser ou de tenter d\u2019abuser d\u2019un \u00e9tat de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, d\u2019un\nrapport de pouvoir ou de rapports de confiance \u00e0 des fins sexuelles, y compris mais non exclusivement\nen vue d\u2019en tirer un avantage p\u00e9cuniaire, social ou politique. On entend par \u00ab abus sexuel \u00bb toute\natteinte sexuelle actuelle ou menac\u00e9e commise avec force, avec contrainte, ou \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019un rapport\nin\u00e9gal.\n\n\nL\u2019exploitation et les abus sexuels commis par les membres du personnel et du personnel apparent\u00e9\nconstituent des fautes graves et sont par cons\u00e9quent passibles de sanctions disciplinaires, pouvant aller\njusqu\u2019au renvoi sans pr\u00e9avis. La tol\u00e9rance z\u00e9ro est de r\u00e8gle pour l\u2019exploitation et les abus sexuels du\nsimple fait que l\u2019aide humanitaire est gratuite et ne devrait pas donner lieu \u00e0 de telles situations encore\nplus d\u00e9gradantes pour les personnes assist\u00e9es.\nComme partout ailleurs dans les d\u00e9placements de population, des femmes et des filles ont recours \u00e0 des\nm\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs tels que le sexe transactionnel/survie, sous la contrainte d\u2019incertitude\nprolong\u00e9e et le r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement des ressources qui affaiblissent leur r\u00e9silience ainsi que les capacit\u00e9s\nd\u2019adaptation [1] . Certains fournisseurs des services humanitaires et personnels en charge de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et\nprotection usent leurs autorit\u00e9s pour exploiter et abuser ces personnes vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nLe sous- groupe de travail de Violence Bas\u00e9e sur le Genre (SGT-VBG) est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par les\ntendances alarmantes de l\u2019l\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuels dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, Niger ; une r\u00e9gion\naffect\u00e9e par le conflit de Boko Haram ayant caus\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de plus 250,000 personnes dont 51%\nsont des femmes et des filles (DREC, Octobre 2017).\n\n\nUne r\u00e9cente mission sur le terrain et plusieurs rapports de gestion des cas indiquent des cas isol\u00e9s\nd\u2019exploitation et des abus perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par certaines personnels humanitaires et des forces de d\u00e9fense et\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) dans la r\u00e9gion. Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne du sexe de survie prend de l\u2019ampleur dans certaines\nlocalit\u00e9s. D\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019imp\u00e9rieuse n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019agir afin de r\u00e9duire le risque de violences sexuelles auquel les\nfemmes et les filles seraient expos\u00e9es.\n\n\n1 Evaluation sur les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) au niveau des sites des D\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 N\u2019guigmi - la R\u00e9gion de\nDiffa, juin - juillet 2017, SGT-VBG Diffa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/77e5923c-f2aa-3856-b504-1fbdb04de78f/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_la_peas_diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Quelques constats sur les facteurs de risque et tendances de l\u2019exploitation et des abus**\n**sexuels dans Diffa** **[2]**\n\n\n - Les rations alimentaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement insuffisantes, poussant les femmes \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9change de sexe contre le suppl\u00e9ment d\u2019aliments afin de nourrir leurs familles.\n\n - Dans certaines zones o\u00f9 la distribution de vivres pourrait suffire, certains hommes chefs de\nm\u00e9nage ont retenu des denr\u00e9es alimentaires destin\u00e9es pour toute la famille. Cette situation\ncontribue \u00e0 contraindre les femmes \u00e0 \u00e9changer des aliments pour le sexe.\n\n - Manque des NIFs et des biens alimentaires, ce qui encourage le mariage forc\u00e9. Afin de\nfournir un revenu pour la famille, les adolescentes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es en \u00ab mariage \u00bb parfois\navec les membres des FDS en \u00e9change de revenus pour les besoins de base de la famille.\n\n - Les NIFs sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement distribu\u00e9s aux hommes chef de m\u00e9nage qui parfois ne les\nmettent pas \u00e0 la disposition de leurs familles, exposant leurs femmes et filles aux risques de\nl\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus.\n\n - Les veuves sont \u00e9galement contraintes \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation sexuelle pour leur protection et celle\nde leurs enfants.\n\n - Les femmes et les filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont eu recours \u00e0 des rapports sexuels avec des agents de\nFDS pour les besoins de la protection et de survie.\n\n\n**Recommandations du Sous-Groupe Travail VBG**\n\n\nAu secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire :\n\n\n - Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil ont besoin de nourriture pour\nr\u00e9duire les risques pour les femmes et les filles. La plupart des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de distribution de denr\u00e9es alimentaires qui\ns\u2019adressent principalement aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les camps.\n\n - La distribution de denr\u00e9es alimentaires doit \u00eatre fournie aux personnes de sexe f\u00e9minin\nchefs des m\u00e9nages afin d\u2019att\u00e9nuer la privation de nourriture \u00e0 la famille.\n\n - La distribution alimentaire devrait augmenter pour tenir compte du nombre de membres de\nla famille et \u00eatre pr\u00e9visible.\n\n - Pr\u00e9voir des questions relatives \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation et l\u2019abus sexuel dans les PDM (Post\nDistribution Monitoring) et partager les r\u00e9sultats avec le Groupe Travail Protection (GTP) ;\n\n\nAux secteurs Abri et NFI :\n\n\n - La disposition d\u2019abri pour les adolescentes non accompagn\u00e9es doit \u00eatre examin\u00e9e. Les\nmesures de protection telles que la tutelle appropri\u00e9e doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9battues. Le secteur\nAbri, SGT-VBG et Protection de l\u2019Enfant doivent collaborer \u00e9troitement sur chaque site pour\nr\u00e9duire les risques pour les adolescentes.\n\n - Prioriser la distribution de NIF pour femme chef de m\u00e9nage plut\u00f4t que les hommes.\n\n\nAux sous-secteurs GBV, Protection de l\u2019Enfant et secteur de la sant\u00e9 :\n\n\n - Disponibiliser les services ad\u00e9quats et la gestion des cas pour les personnes survivantes dans\ntous les camps et sites des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n2 Rapports des \u00e9valuations rapides de Protection \u00e0 Diffa, Septembre, Octobre, Novembre 2017, UNHCR, IRC, DRC\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/77e5923c-f2aa-3856-b504-1fbdb04de78f/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_la_peas_diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Continuer la sensibilisation de la communaut\u00e9 sur la pr\u00e9vention des VBG et PEAS, et sur les\nm\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement.\n\n - S\u2019assurer que les structures de sant\u00e9 disposent des points focaux VBG qui sont form\u00e9s en\ngestion cliniques pour l\u2019agression sexuelle, fournissent des services sans jugement et\ndisposent des kits de traitement du viol.\n\n - Former et suivre avec d\u2019autres secteurs sur leur respect des lignes directrices sur les VBG\n2015\n\n - Faciliter l\u2019int\u00e9gration des consid\u00e9rations des VBG/PEAS dans les activit\u00e9s de tous les secteurs\n\n\nAu secteur de la Protection :\n\n\n - Continuer d\u2019engager des acteurs juridiques dans la compr\u00e9hension des droits des survivants\net de promouvoir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les personnes survivantes.\n\n - S\u2019assurer que les m\u00e9canismes de plainte et de redevabilit\u00e9 sont disponibles dans tous les\ncamps et sites.\n\n - Initier les formations au code de conduite pour tous les acteurs humanitaires, y compris les\nhomologues gouvernementaux et autres intervenants\n\n - R\u00e9duire l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs de l\u2019exploitation sexuel et abus\n\n - Sensibilisation de la communaut\u00e9 sur les implications sociales et criminelles de\nl\u2019exploitation sexuelle et d\u2019abus\n\n - Organiser des ateliers de r\u00e9flexion sur la PSEA \u00e0 Diffa avec les chefs des bases\n\n\nAux agences humanitaires :\n\n\n - Designer les points focaux PEAS au sein de chaque agence\n\n - S\u2019assurer que tous le personnel maitrise le code de conduite et le respecte strictement\n\n - S\u2019assurer que les activit\u00e9s humanitaires sont transparentes et qu\u2019il existe des m\u00e9canismes\nde redevabilit\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nA la Coordination Humanitaire :\n\n\n - Designer un personnel d\u00e9di\u00e9 pour la PEAS\n\n - S\u2019assurer que chaque agence humanitaire dispose d\u2019un code de conduite int\u00e9grant la\nquestion de la PEAS\n\n - Assurer le suivi du m\u00e9canisme plainte (d\u00e9pouillement des plaintes, investigation\u2026)\n\n - Coordonner avec le gouvernement et les FDS pour assurer une impl\u00e9mentation efficace de\nPEAS au sein des services \u00e9tatiques impliqu\u00e9s dans les op\u00e9rations humanitaires et\ns\u00e9curitaires\n\n\nAu partie Gouvernement (Etatique) :\n\n\n - Designer un point focal PEAS du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des FDS\n\n - D\u00e9velopper/adopter un code de conduite sur la PESA pour tout le personnel impliqu\u00e9 dans\nles actions humanitaires et s\u00e9curitaires\n\n - S\u2019assurer que tout le personnel public (civilo-militaires) en service dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa\nmaitrise et respecte le code de conduite sur la PESA\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/77e5923c-f2aa-3856-b504-1fbdb04de78f/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_la_peas_diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Aux bailleurs des fonds :\n\n\n - Fournir des ressources ad\u00e9quates pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 plus de services pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es, ainsi que de renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention et d\u2019intervention sur la\nviolence contre les femmes et les filles.\n\n - Suivre de pr\u00e8s que les projets soumis tiennent compte des pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la\npr\u00e9vention du VBG/PESA.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/77e5923c-f2aa-3856-b504-1fbdb04de78f/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_la_peas_diffa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_836/raw/doc_836_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_836/raw/doc_836_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 321fb28dd7b4cc2567a8396e5c61998f6d5efd3a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_836/raw/doc_836_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Note de plaidoyer**\n\n\n**Incendies des \u00e9coles dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\n\nNovembre 2019\n\n\n**I.** **CONTEXTE**\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire sur la bande fronti\u00e8re Niger-Burkina Faso, continue de se d\u00e9grader, compte tenu\nde l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques. Les communes frontali\u00e8res avec le Burkina Faso\nnotamment Makalondi, Djagourou, Gorouol, Dargol, et Torodi restent toujours sujettes aux incursions\net attaques des Groupes Arm\u00e9s Non Etatiques (GANE) malgr\u00e9 les vastes op\u00e9rations militaires en cours.\nLa situation scolaire y est particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupante voire alarmante et ralentit les efforts du\ngouvernement et de ses partenaires dans le redressement du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif du Niger.\n\n\n**Incendies des b\u00e2timents scolaires et destruction du**\n**mat\u00e9riel didactique**\n\n\nEn plus des deux communes ayant connu des cas\nd\u2019incendies volontaires des \u00e9coles (Makalondi, Torodi) en\n2018, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE ont \u00e9tendu leurs menaces\nsur les villages frontaliers des communes de Diagourou et de Dargol pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans les villages de\nGabikane, Tingou, Tchalgou, Doulgou, et Warraou. Entre le 29 Septembre et le 02 octobre 2019, quatre\n(04) \u00e9coles (Godel, Tcherotatori, Warraou, Taka..) dans les communes de Diagourou, Dargol et T\u00e9ra\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es portant \u00e0 13 le nombre des \u00e9coles incendi\u00e9es depuis 2018 (dont 2 coll\u00e8ges). Les\nfournitures scolaires d\u00e9j\u00e0 achemin\u00e9es dans certains villages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nGANE et ces attaques ont entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9part des enseignants des localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es.\n\n\n**Fermeture des \u00e9coles**\n\n\nPour rappel, la rentr\u00e9e 2019-2020, a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e officiellement le 02 octobre 2019 Selon les sources\nofficielles, il y a actuellement cent (100) \u00e9coles qui n'ont pas effectu\u00e9 leur rentr\u00e9e scolaire dans la r\u00e9gion\nde Tillab\u00e9ri. Plus de 5892 \u00e9l\u00e8ves et 268 enseignants sont affect\u00e9s par cette la situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 avec\ndes cons\u00e9quences pour l\u2019Education et la Protection de l\u2019Enfance.\n\n\n[Contact Cluster Protection younsaya@unhcr.org](mailto:younsaya@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5410da10-0142-3bc4-8c2d-4280af699a2a/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_les_incendies_des_ecoles_dans_la_regions_de_tillaberi_novembre_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **RISQUES ET FACTEURS AGGRAVANTS POUR LA PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANT**\n\n\nAu vu des informations qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent, la scolarisation de milliers d\u2019enfants est menac\u00e9e pour la fin de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e 2019 dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri et l\u2019impact des diff\u00e9rents actes des GANE exposent les enfants\n\u00e0 de multiples risques et incidents de protection \u00e0 savoir :\n\n\n- Risque d\u2019assassinats ou de blessures des civils suite aux attaques des \u00e9coles si les enfants et leurs\nfamilles sont pr\u00e9sents ;\n\n- Augmentation du nombre d\u2019\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es dans les zones affect\u00e9es, de mat\u00e9riel didactique\nindisponible et d\u00e9part des enseignants ;\n\n- Augmentation de l\u2019abandon scolaire et d\u00e9scolarisation des enfants dans les zones affect\u00e9es;\n\n- Exploitation des enfants augment\u00e9e (en particulier l\u2019utilisation des enfants dans les mines)\n\n- Risque de recrutement des enfants au sein des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques.\n\n- Risque augment\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration familiale\n\n- Risque augment\u00e9 de cas de Violence Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre, dont le mariage des enfants\n\n- Risque d\u2019augmentation de la d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile ;\n\n- D\u00e9placements des familles et rupture avec l\u2019environnement protecteur et communautaire de l\u2019enfant\nsuite \u00e0 la fermeture et/ou incendies des \u00e9coles\n\n- Rupture du bien \u00eatre psychosocial et du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019enfant voire d\u00e9tresse psychologique\ndes enfants suite \u00e0 la fermeture et/ou incendies des \u00e9coles\n\n\n**III.** **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Dans les zones affect\u00e9es, contribuer au respect du Droit \u00e0 l\u2019Education d\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et,\nplus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, du principe 4 des Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durables \u00ab Assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s de tous\n\u00e0 une \u00e9ducation de qualit\u00e9, sur un pied d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, et promouvoir les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage tout\nau long de la vie\u00bb ;\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 la prise en compte de la D\u00e9claration d\u2019Oslo sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles approuv\u00e9e en\njuin 2015 par le Niger, qui d\u00e9crit les diff\u00e9rentes mesures de bon sens que peuvent prendre les pays\npour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact n\u00e9gatif des conflits arm\u00e9s sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation, notamment en s\u2019appuyant sur \u00ab les\nLignes directrices pour la protection des \u00e9coles et des universit\u00e9s contre l\u2019utilisation militaire durant\nles conflits arm\u00e9s \u00bb ;\n\n- Renforcer la s\u00e9curisation de l\u2019environnement scolaire (\u00e9coles et enseignants) dans la bande\nfrontali\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso et le Mali.\n\n\n[Contact Cluster Protection younsaya@unhcr.org](mailto:younsaya@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5410da10-0142-3bc4-8c2d-4280af699a2a/note_de_plaidoyer_sur_les_incendies_des_ecoles_dans_la_regions_de_tillaberi_novembre_2019.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_837/raw/doc_837_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_837/raw/doc_837_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a5b1c12e49b311f14a6f01aa3c11aab8b34cd089..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_837/raw/doc_837_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**NOTE EXPLICATIVE SUR LE FINANCEMENT 2022- CLUSTER PROTECTION**\n\n\nEn 2021, le cluster de protection a not\u00e9 une augmentation exponentielle des incidents de protection de 62% et une\naugmentation en particulier des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) de 44%, des incidents affectant les enfants avec\npr\u00e8s de 562 enfants identifi\u00e9s comme pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s, 1843 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s, plus d\u2019incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 la menace explosive (avec 238 incidents au total en 2021 contre 181 en 2020)\naugmentant ainsi les risques d\u2019impact sur les populations civiles, les acteurs humanitaires et les forces arm\u00e9es.\n\n\nCette d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019espace de protection a un impact sur l\u2019augmentation des besoins, l\u2019accroissement des\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intensification des conflits, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de la pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 et\nr\u00e9cemment les sanctions prises par la CEDEAO.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d33c166-0913-3874-ac75-bf5129aa1541/note_explicative_sur_le_financement_2022-detaillee-_feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Un tel contexte augmentera immanquablement le niveau de pression sur les populations civiles et requiert de ne\npas les p\u00e9naliser davantage dans leur acc\u00e8s aux biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.\n\n\nDe plus, il convient de poursuivre les efforts de plaidoyer et les discussions en cours afin de veiller \u00e0 ne pas d\u00e9prioriser\ndans l\u2019agenda politique les travaux relatifs \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes th\u00e9matiques qui repr\u00e9sentent une am\u00e9lioration du cadre\njuridique n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 une protection effective des personnes (avant-projet de loi d\u2019asile, avant-projet de loi relative\n\u00e0 la protection des PDIs, cadre de lutte contre les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, la loi relative \u00e0 l\u2019asile, avant-projet\nde loi sur l\u2019esclavage par ascendance).\n\n\nEn cons\u00e9quence, de telles activit\u00e9s demandent une mobilisation continue des partenaires techniques et financiers.\n\n\nLes activit\u00e9s de protection qui restent s\u00e9rieusement sous-financ\u00e9es (un seuil de 20% qui n\u2019est pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9 depuis\nplusieurs ann\u00e9es) alors que les acteurs humanitaires ont enregistr\u00e9 une augmentation s\u00e9v\u00e8re des violations des\ndroits et de risques de protection, des d\u00e9fis de plus en plus importants dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base soit\nmanquants notamment dans les zones de relocalisation, soit difficilement accessibles \u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\n(encerclement des villages, pose de IED sur les axes routiers etc, menaces des groupes arm\u00e9s sur certains services\ncomme ceux de la sant\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9ducation, etc), soit satur\u00e9s tels que l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation, au logement, \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation ou encore l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la documentation civiles, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services comp\u00e9tents permettant de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer\nleurs biens et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fonci\u00e8res, et/ou \u00e0 faire valoir leurs droits\n\n\nTous ces facteurs combin\u00e9s sont de nature \u00e0 fragiliser davantage l\u2019espace de protection et \u00e0 exposer encore plus de\ncivils \u00e0 des risques accrus tels la traite, recrutement forc\u00e9 notamment d\u2019enfants, travail des enfants, la violence et\nl\u2019exploitation sexuelle ; les incidents li\u00e9s aux engins explosifs, la perte de documentation civile, la taxation ill\u00e9gale et\nconflits fonciers qui, en se cristallisant risquent de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer en conflits intercommunautaires.\n\n\nAvec 52,73% des violations document\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion de Mopti demeure celle ayant enregistr\u00e9 le plus grand nombre\nd'incidents de protection. Elle est suivie des r\u00e9gions de Tombouctou (20,72%), de Gao (11,49%) et de S\u00e9gou (10,73%).\nLa majorit\u00e9 des incidents rapport\u00e9s montre une aggravation de la situation dans la zone centre (Mopti, Douenza et\nBadiangara) selon une analyse des activit\u00e9s et de la pr\u00e9sence des partenaires de protection. Toutefois, il est\nimportant de noter que des r\u00e9gions telles que Gao, Tombouctou, Kidal ou Menaka restent peu couvertes et peu de\npartenaires soumettent des projets dans ces zones. Il en est de m\u00eame pour Kayes propos\u00e9e comme r\u00e9gion dont il\nfaut tenir compte \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9volution de la situation mais o\u00f9 il n\u2019existe quasiment pas d\u2019acteurs sur place, \u00e9tant\nune zone habituellement de d\u00e9veloppement (et non humanitaire) Une telle situation en plus de laisser les\npopulations affect\u00e9es sans r\u00e9ponse aux incidents, risque d\u2019influencer le narratif de la crise en ce qu\u2019elle ne refl\u00e8te\nque partiellement le contexte. La collecte d\u2019information dans de telles zones reste d\u00e8s lors limit\u00e9e.\n\n\nLe cluster de protection va poursuivre son effort de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des partenaires techniques et financiers\nd\u2019accro\u00eetre le financement des activit\u00e9s de protection pour lesquelles les partenaires ont soumissionn\u00e9 dans le cadre\ndu HRP 2022 en lien avec les objectifs prioritaires identifi\u00e9s dans la strat\u00e9gie de protection en cours mais \u00e9galement\nd\u2019accorder plus d\u2019attention aux projets propos\u00e9s par des acteurs locaux et nationaux qui seraient dans les zones peu\nou pas couvertes. Cet effort sera accompagn\u00e9 par un renforcement de son engagement sur des th\u00e9matique nexus\naupr\u00e8s des partenaires de d\u00e9veloppement et dans les discussions autour d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables.\n\n\nDans le cadre du HRP 2022, pr\u00e8s de 51 projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9s par le comit\u00e9 de s\u00e9lection. Ces projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s\ncomme n\u00e9cessaires pour am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9ponse m\u00eame si cela demeure insuffisant notamment en raison d\u2019une\ncouverture g\u00e9ographique insuffisante car certaines zones demeurent peu ou pas couvertes (Cf. Carte).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d33c166-0913-3874-ac75-bf5129aa1541/note_explicative_sur_le_financement_2022-detaillee-_feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d33c166-0913-3874-ac75-bf5129aa1541/note_explicative_sur_le_financement_2022-detaillee-_feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Il serait important de prendre en compte le fait que les r\u00e9cents \u00e9v\u00e8nements s\u00e9curitaires affectant le personnel de\ncertaines ONG internationales intervenant dans des zones identifi\u00e9es comme prioritaires dans le cadre de la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaires risque d\u2019affecter la r\u00e9ponse et requiert une plus grande flexibilit\u00e9 dans l\u2019allocation des financements \u00e0\nsavoir en permettant : une plus grande mobilit\u00e9 des \u00e9quipes en fonction des besoins identifi\u00e9s, ou en fonction de la\ncapacit\u00e9 d\u2019op\u00e9rer dans certaines zones (dict\u00e9e par l\u2019acc\u00e8s) et, enfin, en permettant un acc\u00e8s plus direct \u00e0 des acteurs\nlocaux permettant de p\u00e9renniser la r\u00e9ponse de protection dans les zones les moins accessibles.\n\n\nEn 2022, le cluster Protection, en ligne avec la note d\u2019orientation relative \u00e0 la localisation publi\u00e9e en 2021 [1],\ncontinuera d\u2019identifier des acteurs locaux et nationaux qui pourraient contribuer au renforcement de la r\u00e9ponse\ndans lesdites zones et leur offrira directement ou via son r\u00e9seau d\u2019acteurs de protection plus exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s l\u2019appui\ntechnique n\u00e9cessaire pour mettre en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s. De tels efforts doivent pouvoir s\u2019appuyer sur un support\nfinancier permettant une mise en \u0153uvre effective de la strat\u00e9gie de localisation.\n\n\nDans la perspective d\u2019une plus grande implication autour d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables qui demeure une\npriorit\u00e9, le cluster, ses diff\u00e9rents domaines de responsabilit\u00e9, et les diff\u00e9rents acteurs directement engag\u00e9s, la mise\nen place de financements pluriannuels et soutenus des programmes garantissant des standards de protection et de\nservices de base \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans les zones s\u00e9curis\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre pris en compte. Aussi, une attention particuli\u00e8re doit\n\u00eatre donn\u00e9e \u00e0 la d\u00e9centralisation des ressources, valorisant les potentialit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales, inclusive\nnotamment pour les femmes et les jeunes gage d\u2019une coh\u00e9sion sociale et d\u2019une plus grande stabilit\u00e9. Dans ce sens,\nle cluster continuera de discuter conjointement avec les acteurs de protection, de d\u00e9veloppement, et les PTF pour\nassurer une plus grande p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 dans le soutien apport\u00e9 aux services sociaux de base.\n\n\n1 [https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mali/document/cp-mali-note-sur-la-localisation-final](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/mali/document/cp-mali-note-sur-la-localisation-final)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d33c166-0913-3874-ac75-bf5129aa1541/note_explicative_sur_le_financement_2022-detaillee-_feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Enfin, dans un souci d\u2019assurer une redevabilit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s mises en \u0153uvre mais \u00e9galement des fonds mis \u00e0\ndisposition pour l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation d\u2019activit\u00e9s de protection, le cluster de protection va en 2022 continuer \u00e0 renforcer\nles m\u00e9canismes de reporting 3W et 5W d\u2019une mani\u00e8re mensuelle dans un souci de rationalisation des ressources\nexistantes, \u00e9viter les risques de duplication en plus d\u2019utiliser l\u2019outil de tra\u00e7age des financements de protection mis\nen place par le GPC en mai 2021 en compl\u00e9ment du FTS qui ne refl\u00e8te pas les projets financ\u00e9s hors HRP.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7d33c166-0913-3874-ac75-bf5129aa1541/note_explicative_sur_le_financement_2022-detaillee-_feb2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_838/raw/doc_838_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_838/raw/doc_838_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index faf62b629ee5fe0fe37fd038d26ea35c2b76da12..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_838/raw/doc_838_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,323 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **\u0629\ufffd\u0644 \u0627\u0644\ufea4\u0645\u0627\ufffd\ufe97\ufea4\u0644 \u0627\u062a [\ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe9c]**\n### **\u0631\u0627\u0646\ufffd\ufffd\u062d2022 \ufffd \ufef3\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59d095cc-5bb3-4314-a505-f0f7f0363a4e/nws_arabic_pau_final_june_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \ufffd\u0646 \u0639\ufffd \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\ufffd\ufffd\u063a \u0627\ufffd\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\ufffd \u0648\u0646\ufffd\u0627\ufef5\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\n\n\u062d\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0644\ufeac\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 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0.5555354356765747, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59d095cc-5bb3-4314-a505-f0f7f0363a4e/nws_arabic_pau_final_june_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\ufffd\u0648 \u062f\ufffd\ufffd\u0629 \u062a\ufffd\u0633\ufffd\u0629 \u0628\ufffd\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\ufeac\u0627\u0626 \u062b\ufffd \u062d\ufffd\ufffd \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \ufedb\u0628\ufffd\n\n\u0645\u0646\ufffd 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\ufffd\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0629\ufffd\u0633\u0627\u0646\ufffd\u0646 \u0627\ufef9 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d \u0629 \u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \ufffd\u0639 \n\n\n.\u0629\ufffd \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \ufffd\ufffd \u0645\u0627\ufffd \u060c\u0629\ufffd\u0633\u0627\u0646\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\ufef9\n\n\u0630\u0644\ufeda \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\ufffd\n\n\n\n\u0630\u0644\ufeda \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\ufffd\n\n\n\n.\u0627\u0633\ufffd\u0644\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062a \u0644\ufffd\u0629 \u0642\u0627 \ufffd\ufffd\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062a \ufffd\ufffd \u062a\u0645\u0643\ufffd\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\ufffd\u060c \u0648 \u0627 \u060c\u0627\ufef7\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0629\ufffd\ufffd\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\ufefc\u062a \u0637\ufffd\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\ufffd \u0645\u062c \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0629 **\ufffd** \u0629\ufffd\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\ufffd \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\ufffd\ufffd\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\n\n\n\n\ufffd\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\ufffd\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633 .\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \ufffd\ufffd \u0646\ufffd\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\ufffd\ufffd\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u060c\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/59d095cc-5bb3-4314-a505-f0f7f0363a4e/nws_arabic_pau_final_june_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_839/raw/doc_839_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_839/raw/doc_839_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b7106e154e9cf176b6fd7b5a7e666a09de4c6752..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_839/raw/doc_839_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1093 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) | GAZA**\n\n# **Protection Analysis Update**\n#### Risks and barriers faced by persons with disabilities and older persons\n\n##### **JULY 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n## **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\nThere is no safe space in Gaza. 20 months of intense hostilities have destroyed the protection environment for persons with disabilities\nand older persons. 134,105 people [1] including over 40,500 children have new war-related injuries. 25 per cent are estimated to have\nnew disabilities requiring acute and ongoing rehabilitation. [2] Over 35,000 people are believed to have significant hearing damage due to\nexplosions. [3] Ten children per day lose one or both of their legs. [4]\n\n\nAs needs rapidly expand, response services continue to be attacked and impeded. Hospitals, ambulances, and medical and\nhumanitarian personnel have been systematically targeted, with over 1,580 health workers and 467 humanitarian staff killed. [5] Health\nfacilities including lifesaving emergency and rehabilitation units are destroyed with only 47% of hospitals partially functional, pushing\nthe medical system to collapse and triggering immediate and long-term harm to the population. Extensive explosive ordnance under 50\nmillion tons of debris puts persons with disabilities at disproportionate risk.\n\n\nSevere access restrictions, including impeded movement and aid delivery, have drastically limited availability and access to lifesaving\ndevices and care. Militarized non-humanitarian drop points operated by the \u201cGaza Humanitarian Foundation\u201d expose people\nattempting to access food to extreme risk of killing and injury, and fully excludes entire sectors of the population, including persons with\ndisabilities and older persons. Over 83 per cent of persons with disabilities in Gaza have lost their assistive devices, [6] and 80 per cent of\nolder persons in Gaza are in urgent need of medication or medical supplies. [7]\n\n##### **PROTECTION DRIVERS AND RISKS**\n\nAmidst the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza in which the entire population is struggling to survive despite deepening scarcity of basic\nnecessities, persons with disabilities, older persons, their families and caregivers are experiencing severe denial of their basic rights to\nsafety, protection, and autonomy, and are confronted with additional and growing barriers and steadily eroding coping capacities to meet\ntheir needs.\n\n\nThe ongoing and repeated forced displacement of 90 per cent of the population has a significant impact on persons with disabilities and\nolder persons, compounding existing environmental, communication, at udinal, and institutional barriers and creating new barriers to\nall forms of humanitarian assistance. Persons with disabilities and older persons face higher risks and greater challenges before, during,\nand after fleeing to access critical information, devices, services, and essential goods for their safety, dignity, and survival. Interrupted care\nand separation from caregivers through displacement is driving expanding mental health concerns and increased exposure to neglect,\nabuse, and exploitation. Older women and women and girls with disabilities face compounded risks due to overlapping vulnerabilities to\nexclusion and discrimination.\n\n\nDespite facing repeated attacks on and displacement of their service points and personnel, Palestinian NGOs and Organizations of Persons\nwith Disabilities (OPDs) [8] continue to form the backbone of the humanitarian response for all people in Gaza, leading on measures to\npromote inclusion and localized solutions to continue service delivery.\n\n\nFive key protection risks [9] for persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza requiring immediate attention are:\n\n**1. Attacks on civilians and civilian objects**\n\n**2. Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n\n**3. Gender-based violence (GBV)**\n\n**4. Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress**\n\n**5. Presence of explosive ordnance (EO** )\n\n##### **URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\nUrgent actions needed to prevent and address the escalating risks of violence, abuse, and deliberate deprivation are:\n\n- Immediate and lasting ceasefire. Unimpeded, safe, and sustained humanitarian access and the passage of relief items without\narbitrary restrictions and at scale, including specialized medical equipment and hygiene supplies, assistive devices, and food, with\nspecific provisions for women and children with disabilities and older persons.\n\n- Ensure non-discriminatory, inclusive, and accessible humanitarian response. Guarantee equal protection and access to services\nfor all persons with disabilities, especially women, girls and marginalized groups, and older persons by addressing intersecting\nvulnerabilities, eliminating barriers, and adopting inclusive policies, services, and systems.\n\n- Engagement, funding, and prioritization of targeted technical capacity strengthening to Palestinian OPDs and organizations providing\nspecialized support, advocacy, and services for persons with disabilities and older persons.\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n## **CONTEXT**\n\n\n\n**PERSONS WHO**\n**HAVE LOST THEIR**\n**ASSISTIVE DEVICE**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL PALESTINIANS**\n**INJURED**\n\n\n\n**CHILDREN INJURED** **CHILDREN PER DAY**\n**LOSING ONE OR**\n**BOTH LEGS**\n\n\n\n**PEOPLE AT RISK**\n**OF HEARING LOSS**\n**FROM HOSTILITIES**\n\n\n\n7-year-old girl with an\namputation caused\nby shrapnel, who has\nnot yet received a\nprosthesis, standing\nin a school yard in\nJabaliya \u00a9 Humanity &\nInclusion\n\n\n**OLDER PERSONS 60+**\n**KILLED**\n\n\n### **134,105 40,500+ 10+ 35,000+ 83% 3,839**\n\nAs of 1 July 2025, at least 56,647 Palestinians have been killed and **134,105 injured in Gaza** as a direct result of hostilities. [10,11] An estimated\n**11,000 more persons killed remain under the rubble** and debris, but their bodies have not been able to be retrieved as access for civil\ndefense and ambulance crews is impeded by Israeli authorities. [12] Staggering destruction of infrastructure and items indispensable to the\nsurvival of the civilian population including health facilities has caused harm [13], with conservative estimates indicating at least four indirect\ndeaths per one direct death. [14] Many more face life-changing injuries resulting in disability that will require continuous rehabilitation. The\nWorld Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that around **25 per cent of those injured are likely to have acute and ongoing rehabilitation**\n**needs.** [15] Extreme damage to the built environment has deepened pre-existing barriers and created new challenges to access to services.\nThe largescale destruction of the healthcare system [16] prevents even the most basic treatment including early detection, trauma care, and\nrehabilitation key to preventing complications and ensuring the best possible recovery of survivors.\n\nAccording to the Gaza Ministry of Health (MOH), children account for 30 per cent of the total injuries. **Over 40,500 children are estimated to**\n**be injured** as of 3 July 2025. [17,18] An average of 15 children per day acquire potentially life-altering disabilities. [19] **Ten children per day lose one**\n**or both of their legs.** [20] By the end of 2024 at least 5,230 children required significant rehabilitation, and the total number of children with\npermanent disabilities had reached 7,065, however this figure is likely much higher and underreported given the destruction of the health\ncare system. [21] Children with disabilities are one of the most at-risk groups within the child protection caseload in Gaza; out of 5,160 total child\nprotection cases registered, 16.5 per cent (849 cases) involved children with physical, sensory, intellectual, or psychosocial disabilities. [22] 49\nper cent of the cases are children ages 7 to 12 years old (53 percent boys, 47 per cent girls) who face heightened risks of violence, neglect,\nexclusion from essential services, and profound social isolation. [23]\n\n\nWhile data on visual and hearing impairments is not consistently tracked [24] ; organizations working with persons with sensory impairments\nreport a substantial rise in the number of people with hearing and visual impairments seeking services. Based on screenings conducted\nbetween 2023 and 2025, the Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children estimates that since October 2023 and as of March 2025, **35,000 people in**\n**Gaza are at risk of permanent or temporary hearing loss due to the ongoing explosions.** [25]\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\nThere are roughly 111,500 older persons aged 60 and above in Gaza [26], of which 97 per cent reported suffering from at least one health\nproblem [27], 96 per cent manage a chronic disease [28], and 86 per cent reported living with a disability prior to the escalation of hostilities. [29]\nBefore October 2023, older people in Gaza were already facing significant challenges in meeting their needs due to limited essential\nhealth and social services. Damage to health facilities, medication shortages, and deteriorating hygiene conditions [30] stemming from the\nintense hostilities have further impacted the wellbeing of older persons in Gaza while compromising their safety and dignity.\n\n##### **DISPLACEMENT**\n\n**90 per cent of the population across the Gaza Strip has been forcibly displaced,** many multiple times, including some ten times or\nmore. Over 665,000 people have been displaced since mid-March 2025 alone, with little or no access to necessities of life. As of 18\nJune 2025, 82.4 per cent of areas in the Gaza Strip are within the Israel-imposed no-go zone or under forced displacement orders, [31] and\nIsraeli forces have made no accommodations to address the requirements of those unable to evacuate due to age, illness, disability or\nother status in the course of military operations in Gaza. [32,33]\n\n\nPersons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza face severe difficulties during displacement and more detrimental consequences\nas a result. They are less able to flee during attacks and during forced displacement orders by the Israeli military and are at heightened\nrisk of separation from caregivers during or as a result of the repetitive displacement orders. [34] Destruction of the physical infrastructure\nmakes it difficult to use wheelchairs and other assistive devices. Persons with mobility impairments face a lack of accessible transport\noptions and report price gauging and high risk of exploitation by providers. [35] Use of sand mounds by Israeli forces to establish\ncheckpoints make the terrain impassible for families with persons with a mobility impairment. High levels of explosive ordnance\ncontamination across Gaza covers many displacement routes and disproportionately endangers persons with disabilities, particularly\nthose with mobility, sensory, psychosocial and/or intellectual impairments. Israeli forces have not consistently issued effective warnings\nto the civilian population prior to an attack. When issued, displacement alerts and information about evacuations are not provided in\naccessible formats and are largely shared via text messages to mobile phones, which many older persons and persons with disabilities\ndo not have access to, including less access to mobile charging points, putting them at significant disadvantage in receiving life-saving\ninformation.\n\n\nMany more are unable to evacuate due to the loss of their assistive devices during a previous displacement or as a result of hostilities.\nOne study found that **over 83 per cent of persons with disabilities in Gaza reported having lost their assistive device.** [36] This includes\nwheelchairs, walkers, hearing aids, glasses, prosthetics and toilet chairs \u2013 critical items required for dignified care and survival \u2013\nand their loss drastically reduces support systems to persons with functional disabilities and mobility impairments, reduces coping\ncapacities and increases their vulnerability to multiple risks. This issue is wider when taking into account the growing need for\nassistive devices by the vast number of individuals with newly acquired disabilities resulting from attacks. Consequently, persons with\ndisabilities, older persons, their families and caregivers, are less able to flee when their areas are under attack or forced displacement\nby the Israeli military and may be left behind [37], exposing them to significant risk of injury or death.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities and older persons are at high risk of separation from their caregivers during repeated and multiple\ndisplacements, and children with disabilities are at particularly high risk [38,39] as it can be more difficult for children with disabilities to find\ntheir parents or caregivers due to challenges in communicating or understanding the situation or due to limited mobility. [40] Children who\nhave been separated from caregivers during displacement are at higher risk of being killed or seriously injured, and are vulnerable to\nvarious protection risks including exploitation, abuse, and lack of access to basic services. [41]\n\n\nMultiple displacements have interrupted\naccess to care and led to a breakdown\nin community support networks, which\nindividuals with disabilities and their\nfamilies heavily relied on in their daily\nlives. Separation from family members\nand caregivers due to displacement\nincreases the vulnerability of persons with\ndisabilities in subsequent displacements, [42]\nand high rates of separation from\ncaregivers renders individuals dependent\non strangers for assistance, increasing\ntheir vulnerability to abuse, neglect, and\nexploitation.\n\n\nInjured man in a displacement shelter\nin North Gaza \u00a9 Atfaluna\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n## **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n**RISK 1**\n**Attacks on civilians and civilian objects**\n\n\n20 months of intense hostilities including attacks on civilians and civilian objects have exposed the entire population of Gaza to\nunprecedented risk of killing, injury, and long-term harm. In this context, persons with disabilities and older persons are particularly\nimpacted by the widespread destruction of the built environment and essential infrastructure.\n\nThe partial or complete destruction of **92 per cent of residential buildings including 436,000 homes** [43] and at least 95 per cent of school\nbuildings in Gaza [44] - mainly serving as shelters \u2013 has impacted the independence, autonomy, access to shelter and housing for persons\nwith disabilities and older persons, as well as significantly reduced access to safe environments for children with and without disabilities.\nAn attack on the Al-Wafa Elderly Care Center in November 2023 destroyed large parts of the center and forced the evacuated of its\nresidents. [45] Persons with disabilities who have displaced or whose homes have been destroyed face the parallel loss of critical civil and\nlegal documents and additional barriers in reacquisition due to inaccessible service centers and lack of tailored support. Damage to care\nhomes, disability centers, and accessible housing further isolates persons with disabilities and older people and limits their access to living\nenvironments suited to their needs.\n\n\nInternational humanitarian law requires the protection and access to care for the wounded and sick [46], and provides specific protections\nto medical personnel and units where the wounded and sick are cared for, including hospitals. [47] The destruction of the healthcare system\nhas had an immediate impact on injured persons in Gaza and their access to care, and triggered reverberating impacts extending beyond\nthe physical structures, resulting in loss of access to essential, life-saving treatment as well as loss of care for chronic illnesses, turning nonthreatening conditions into potentially life-altering or fatal ones.\n\n\nDespite a critical need for physical rehabilitation and mobility assistance for all persons with existing disabilities and those who have\nacquired new ones as a result of injuries sustained during attacks, health facilities across Gaza including those with specialized services\nfor persons with disabilities have been attacked, depriving injured persons of critical care. The UN Human Rights Office in the Occupied\nPalestinian Territory (OHCHR OPT) documented the **repeated attacks by Israeli forces on hospitals** and military operations and combat\nwithin and in the vicinity of hospitals, which has led to the destruction of the majority of hospitals in Gaza, the killing of hundreds of health\nand medical professionals, and pushed the healthcare system to the point of almost complete collapse. [48] As of 18 June 2025, only 47\nper cent (17 out of 36) of hospitals and just 38 per cent (62 out of 162) primary health care facilities in Gaza remain partially functional [49]\nand access to specialized services including rehabilitation is extremely limited; Gaza\u2019s only limb reconstruction and rehabilitation center\nbecame non-functional in December 2023 due to a lack of supplies and specialized health workers and was severely damaged in air strikes\nin February 2024, depriving children and adults of life-saving services. [50,51]\n\n**Destruction of key service infrastructure** has disrupted critical rehabilitation and specialized service provision including physiotherapy,\noccupational therapy, speech and language therapy, audiology as well as provision of assistive devices. According to UNRWA, 91 per\ncent of physiotherapy units have been destroyed in the hostilities. OPDs and organizations providing specialized support to persons with\ndisabilities and older persons have also been affected. According to a March 2025 assessment by Atfaluna, at least five organizations\nproviding rehabilitation, speech therapy, MHPSS, and vocational trainings for persons with disabilities have sustained irreversible damage,\nincluding Atfaluna and Stars of Hope Society, drastically reducing specialized service delivery and interrupting inclusive interventions. [52]\n\n\nThose with chronic diseases, such as kidney failure, hypertension, diabetes, and heart diseases, have also lost their treatment, placing\nthem at risk of worsening health outcomes and death. [53] At least 1,100 patients of kidney failure, for example, were reportedly facing death\nbecause of a lack of dialysis treatment. [54] Cancer patients, who had been estimated to number 10,000 in Gaza, [55] have similarly lost access\nto critical treatment.\n\n\nFewer health facilities mean people must travel long distances to reach health services, and persons with mobility impairments and urgent\ntraumatic injuries are less likely to reach medical points. [56] The use of a triage system to maximize survival rates in the emergency context\nmeans that older persons with injuries are less likely to be prioritized for care. [57]\n\n\nAmbulances and mobile clinics \u2013 essential components of healthcare delivery in the emergency \u2013 have also been directly and\nsystematically targeted, exposing persons with life-threatening injuries to additional risk of harm. [58] This includes the unlawful execution\nof Gaza Civil Defense, UNRWA, and Palestinian Red Cresent Society staff in Rafah in March 2025, a shocking event indicative of a **wider**\n**pattern of the targeted killing of medical and humanitarian personnel** since the escalation of hostilities in 2023. [59]\n\n\nAs of 18 June 2025, approximately 10,000-12,500 people \u2013 including more than 4,000 children \u2013 with life-threatening injuries and\nconditions remain in urgent need of medical evacuation outside of Gaza, however evacuations have decreased by 94 per cent since the\nclosure of the Rafah crossing in May 2024. [60]\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\nThe widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure including decimation of the health system in Gaza will severely impact access to\nessential services for the entire population of Gaza for generations to come, with particular impact on persons with disabilities, chronic\nconditions, and those requiring complex care, treatment, and support.\n\n\n**RISK 2**\n\n**Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n\n\nPersons with disabilities are not a homogeneous group. They face multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination due to specific\nfactors of vulnerability (disability, gender, and age, among others) and some persons with disabilities are at even higher risk based on\nthe type of impairment, such as sensorial impairment, intellectual or psychosocial impairment, with compounded risks for persons\nwith multiple disabilities. Discrimination, stigmatization, denial of access to services and/or humanitarian assistance impact all areas\nof life, such as economic poverty, social isolation, heightened risks of exposure to violence, denial of their rights, lack of access to\ncommunity support services, lack of accessible communication and information, inadequate health care, lack of opportunities for\neducation and employment, and at udinal barriers such as stigmatization. For women and girls with disabilities, discrimination and\nstigmatization may also reduce their participation in community activities that promote protection, social support, and empowerment.\nIn Gaza, persons with disabilities and older persons face systemic barriers in accessing essential services, humanitarian assistance, and\nrights primarily due to stigmatization, denial of resources and restrictions on entry of critical devices and materials, and operational\nconstraints limiting accessibility and inclusion within humanitarian response. The lack of awareness and understanding of disability\ninclusion among humanitarian actors and the broader community contribute to heightening existing barriers.\n\nPersons with disabilities and older persons experience denial of resources through **impediments on humanitarian assistance and**\n**restrictions on the entry of supplies and devices.** Israeli authorities have blocked the entry of medical items including assistive\ndevices and supplies required for management of chronic conditions common among older persons, putting them in critical shortage.\nDevices that do exist are often shared among multiple users or repurposed for transporting water and food long distances during\ndisplacement, further limiting the mobility and independence of persons with mobility impairments. [61] Impeded entry of spare parts\nfor devices including hearing aids drastically reduces availability on the local market. As a result, devices previously acquired that need\nmaintenance have been rendered inoperable. **80 per cent of older persons in Gaza are in urgent need of medication or medical**\n**supplies** [62], and UNRWA estimates that 10,126 persons with disabilities and 1,941 older persons registered and in need of specialized\nmaterial support face continued barriers to meeting their needs.\n\n\nLack of access to assistive devices reduces coping capacities for people with functional impairments and contributes to deepening\nphysical vulnerability, reduced independence, psychological distress, isolation, and loss of dignity, further marginalizing affected\npersons. According to Protection Cluster monitoring data, persons with disabilities reported rising levels of discrimination in access to\nservices between November 2024 and June 2025. [63] GBV trend analysis highlights that women and girls with disabilities are most at risk\nof denial of resources, opportunities and services due to social stigma and existing inequities. Older women also face heightened risk of\nexclusion due to overlapping age and gender-based discrimination.\n\nIn parallel, **widespread damage to roads and additional restrictions on entry of heavy machinery and equipment for safe rubble and**\n**mine clearance** severely hinders movements and prolongs inaccessibility for persons with mobility impairments who cannot safely\nnavigate the hazardous environment, expanding denial of access to lifesaving resources, services, and humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nIntegrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis highlights Israeli restrictions on the entry of food into the Gaza Strip through\nthe blocking of commercial goods and severe impediments on humanitarian assistance as a key driver to deteriorating food security and\nresulting classification of the entire territory in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) with accompanying widespread malnutrition. [64] Impediments by\nIsraeli authorities halted entry of essential supplies for at-risk groups and disrupted the supply chain of food items for specific medical\ndiets with no safe alternatives available [65], and food distributed is not adapted to people with specific conditions, such as difficulties\nswallowing [66], putting **persons with disabilities or chronic conditions at heightened risk of malnutrition** . [67] Around 60,000 cases of\nsevere acute malnutrition among children aged 6 to 59 months are forecast between September 2024 and August 2025, with 12,000\nexpected to be the most severe form. [68,69] Malnutrition compromises immune systems, makes people more susceptible to infections and\nillnesses, and can worsen their existing physical or cognitive impairments, leading to a decline in health and functional abilities. As a\nresult of the denial of access to food and as of May 2025, 42 patients with chronic conditions have developed severe malnutrition and\nlife-threatening complications, and health actors have reported a rise in chronic conditions linked to immune system deterioration. [70,71]\n\n**OPDs report that pre-existing social stigma and negative community perceptions have resulted in the deprioritization of the needs**\n**of persons with disabilities and older persons in the emergency and resource-scarce context.** [72] Persons with disabilities are also facing\nexpanding stigmatization as a result of Israeli attacks. According to focus group discussions, persons with new disabilities resulting from\ninjury have reported becoming increasingly unwilling to identify themselves out of fear that they will be labelled as fighters and their\nhomes, tents, and families subsequently targeted by Israeli forces. [73] As a result, injured persons are less likely to access care and more\nlikely to face isolation and experience psychosocial/emotional distress. [74]\n\n\nConditions imposed by Israel including recurrent electricity blackouts and limitations on fuel supply limit connectivity and\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\ncommunication essential for safety and access to lifesaving assistance, including information that can help to identify locations, timing,\nand methods for displacement. [75] Persons with hearing, visual, or intellectual impairments face external challenges in accessing essential\ninformation including on displacement orders, accessing humanitarian distributions, and locations of shelters, increasing their exclusion\nand heightening their exposure to harm. [76]\n\n**Operational constraints have limited inclusion within the humanitarian response.** Significant restrictions on humanitarian access have\n\nresulted in limited distribution points\nfor food, water, non-food items (NFIs),\nand other essential assistance that are\ninaccessible for persons with mobility,\nsensory, or cognitive impairments,\ndriving limited access to essential goods\nand reducing autonomy by increasing\ndependence on caregivers. [77] Conditions of\nscarcity imposed by Israel have resulted\nin overcrowding and safety risks at\ndistribution sites, further marginalizing\nthose that cannot physically compete for\naccess. [78] Restrictions on shelter materials [79]\nmeans that internally displaced persons\n(IDP) shelters, particularly tents, are\nnot adapted to needs for persons with\nphysical or sensory impairments, and\nhumanitarians lack appropriate materials\n\nYoung boy with a hearing disability is supported by a teacher for establishing safe spaces. [80] Lack of\nwith a hearing disability \u00a9 Atfaluna\n\nphysically accessible shelter and water,\nsanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, and privacy compromise safety, hygiene and dignity, particularly for women and girls with\ndisabilities and older persons, while overcrowding in congested displacement sites increases the risk of harassment and exploitation. [81]\nHygiene kits are not customized to include adult diapers, bed pans, or extra soap, wipes or sanitizer according to the specific\nrequirements of older persons and persons with different disabilities, further reducing their wellbeing, especially in overcrowded\nshelters with no accessible latrines. [82]\n\n\nIn May 2025, Israeli authorities with private US military companies began operating the \u201cGaza Humanitarian Foundation\u201d, which\noversees militarized non-humanitarian drop points delivering a limited amount of food. Persons attempting to access the points face\nextreme threats of killing and injury from live fire by Israeli forces; as of 10 July, OHCHR has recorded 634 killings in the vicinity of the\nsites. [83] In addition to the high risk of harm, the limit to four points across the entire Gaza Strip requiring people to walk long distances\nwith kits that weigh approximately 15kg [84], non-adherence to humanitarian principles, no tailoring of kit items, and complete lack of\nsafeguards **fully excludes persons with disabilities and older persons from accessing any supplies through this mechanism** and puts\nthem at risk of aggravated forms of exploitation and abuse. [85]\n\n\nInclusive and accessible delivery modalities are a key component to ensuring accountable communication with communities, yet\nsignposting of information on how to\naccess specialized services in Gaza is\nrarely adapted to diverse needs (e.g no\nlarge print, audio versions, or accessible\nformats), leaving many persons with\ndisabilities, especially those with sensory\nor speech impairments, without critical\nlife-saving information (evacuation\nprotocols, warning systems, or referral\npathways to specialized support). Partners\nreport that all five Braille machines\nin Gaza have been destroyed. While\nprotection partners have supported and\nleveraged extensive volunteer networks\nwithin established collective shelters to\nengage communities and share critical\ninformation, these structures are not yet\nestablished in informal sites where some\nof the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach Young girl with a cochlear implant participating\n\nin inclusive TLS \u00a9 Atfaluna\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\npopulations may seek shelter.\n\n\nChildren with disabilities face additional disruption and denial of access to education and learning opportunities. Since October 2023,\nover 650,000 children have been out of school. [86] Children with disabilities face heightened challenges in accessing Temporary Learning\nSpaces (TLS) due to inaccessible facilities and furniture, lack of adapted materials, limited adapted transportation, non-inclusive\nmaterials, and WASH facilities that do not meet their needs. [87] Parent and caregivers\u2019 fears about safety, dignity and stigma due to\ninaccessible facilities and engagement in unfamiliar communities in displacement in some cases triggers children with disabilities to be\npulled out of schooling. [88] Long-term absence from education risks irreversible cognitive and social development setbacks, especially\nfor children with disabilities. Children with disabilities often face social isolation, discrimination, and stigma, and caregivers function as\ntheir first advocate to access critical goods and services and the loss of or separation from caregivers in displacement [89], in addition to\nbringing immediate trauma, can result in further deprivation from lifesaving services and resources. [90]\n\n\n**RISK 3**\n**Gender-based violence**\n\n\nFor women and girls with disabilities, gender and disability factors make them especially vulnerable and at increased risk of GBV [91],\nincluding violence, harassment, and gender-based tenure and shelter-related violence in the context of recurrent displacement,\novercrowded displacement sites, and the breakdown of protective networks and social systems. Despite overlapping vulnerabilities,\nthere is also a **lack of age, gender, and disability disaggregated data** that might highlight certain types of GBV faced by older women\n\n- especially older women with disabilities. Young and older women with and without disabilities face multiple and diverse forms of\ndiscrimination and this increases their risk of exposure to GBV and the barriers to accessing services.\n\n\nPrior to October 2023, women with disabilities in the OPT were four times more prone to intimate partner violence than women\nwithout disabilities. [92] 8 per cent of older people reported exposure to violence by a family member, with older women at higher risk\ncompared to older men. [93] Overreliance on caregivers for basic needs creates power imbalances that can heighten the risk of emotional,\nphysical, or sexual abuse, particularly in the absence of wider social support networks that have broken down due to ongoing and\nrepeated displacement, expanding potential exposure to harm within families, shelters, and communities. [94,95]\n\n\nWith 92 per cent of housing units in Gaza destroyed or damaged, most people are residing in either congested shelters or in damaged\nstructures. [96] Overcrowded and unsafe shelters compound these risks due to limited privacy, accessibility, and clear safeguards [97,98], and\nwomen and girls with disabilities and older women are particularly vulnerable due to intersecting age, gender and disability-based\ndiscrimination. [99] Damaged infrastructure is also more likely to be inaccessible and limited in providing privacy, increasing risk of GBV. [100]\n\n\nBoth women and girls with disabilities and older women report exclusion from community decision-making and are therefore less likely\nto benefit from tailored interventions. [101,102] As older persons in particular played valued roles as community leaders in Gaza prior to\nthe escalation, this indicates a stark reduction in coping capacity and wellbeing. [103] Gender and age additionally inform health-seeking\nbehavior and access to rehabilitation, and women with disabilities and older persons in Gaza requiring rehabilitation are more likely to\nface barriers to accessing services including financial barriers and lack of assistive technology. [104]\n\n\nAccording to the Legal Task Force [105], many displaced persons with disabilities and older persons face overlapping and intersectional risks\nrelated to tenure with a notable gendered component. Against the backdrop of the widespread destruction of judicial infrastructure in\nGaza [106], many IDPs with disabilities and older persons returning to their areas of origin inside Gaza find their homes occupied yet face\nmultiple additional barriers to reclaiming them, including challenges navigating justice systems and accessing redress mechanisms. [107]\nInformal housing tenure and loss of civil documents heightens risks of unlawful eviction, especially impacting single women and widows\nwith disabilities, and older women. Inheritance-related violence has also been reported, with women with disabilities and older women\nfrequently excluded from inheritance rights, exposing them to further risks of economic abuse, forced eviction, and GBV resulting from\ninsecure housing and shelter.\n\n\nCommon barriers to accessing GBV response services including stigma, fear and social norms for women, men, boys and girls are\ncompounded by additional barriers for persons with disabilities that limit GBV disclosure and access to services. These include lack of\ntrained staff, lack of adapted services, and lack of inclusive accessible communication channels and information. Extensive damage\nto buildings and roads has rendered many GBV services points including Women and Girl Safe Spaces (WGSS) physically inaccessible\nfor persons with a mobility impairment, further deepening exclusion. [108] Persons with sensory or speech impairments and intellectual\ndisabilities face communication barriers that limit the ability of survivors to report abuse, understand their rights, and access response\nservices. Disclosure of GBV among men and boys, particularly older men and men and boys with disabilities, remains extremely\nlimited. [109]\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n**RISK 4**\n**Psychological / emotional abuse and inflicted distress**\n\n\nMonths of intense violence, destruction, displacement and witnessing of traumatic events have caused and gravely aggravated mental\nhealth needs and conditions, which were already very high in Gaza prior to the start of the escalation, contributing to widespread\nsymptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, and other mental health and psychosocial concerns. [110] Protection monitoring data\nshows **growing psychosocial risks reported by communities since September 2024 to unprecedented levels with a rapid rise during**\n**May and June 2025.** [111] Mental health service providers in Gaza expect trauma-related mental health deterioration will lead to longterm mental health conditions if left without rapid interventions and quality support. [112]\n\n\nUNICEF estimates that almost all of Gaza\u2019s 1.2 million children require mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) [113], and children\nwith disabilities are particularly at risk due to compounded vulnerabilities. 92 per cent of families with children with disabilities\nassessed by Atfaluna reported signs of extreme distress, including crying during sleep or panicking, and 90 percent reported violent\nbehavior or hyperactivity. [114]\n\n\nPsychological distress is particularly acute for persons with disabilities and newly injured individuals who face a dramatic shift in their\nphysical capabilities, loss of independence, and separation from caregivers. [115] The disruption of previous social roles, including loss of\nlivelihoods and changing social roles in the family and community, for example role as a breadwinner, has led to heightened emotional\nsuffering, anxiety and feelings of worthlessness, [116] while in parallel increasing risk of women, children, other persons with disability\nand older persons to domestic violence. The breakdown of community support networks during displacement further compounds\nsocial isolation and stigma, especially for those who were previously well-integrated into their communities, while coping strategies\npreviously engaged are increasingly disrupted.\n\n\nThere is a growing risk of emotional abuse and neglect for persons with disabilities and older persons [117], triggering additional distress.\nAs families focus on securing basic survival needs, caregiving responsibilities are deprioritized, leaving those requiring care without\nthe emotional, medical, and rehabilitative support they need. [118] This neglect can intensify the effects of exposure to traumatic events,\nparticularly when caregivers are unaware of available services in displacement. [119] In cases of separation from family members or\ncaregivers, disruption to care and community support structures leave older persons increasingly isolated and anxious with significant\ndetrimental impact on their mental health and wellbeing. [120,121]\n\n\nA 2025 qualitative assessment by Humanity and Inclusion (HI) revealed major challenges for persons with disabilities and injuries in\naccessing MHPSS support. Respondents cited destroyed infrastructure, ongoing insecurity, explosive ordnance contamination, lack of\naccessible transportation, frequent displacement of both service users and providers preventing continuity of care and follow-up, and\nlimited awareness about available services as key barriers. Prioritization of critical cases due to resource constraints and staff shortages\nhas further limited access to MHPSS and rehabilitation for those with less visible but critical needs. Older persons are less likely overall\nto access MHPSS services due to prevailing stigma.\n\n\n**RISK 5**\n**Presence of explosive ordnance**\n\n\nThe presence of EO in Gaza poses a critical and escalating risk, especially for persons with disabilities. As a result of decades of\nprolonged hostilities, 20 months of high-intensity warfare including airstrikes and extensive use of Explosive Weapons in Populated\nAreas (EWIPA), EO contamination in Gaza is extremely high and widespread. During the provision of support to humanitarian\norganizations, Mine Action partners identified 489 EO in areas frequently accessed by humanitarian actors as of June 2025. However,\nthis does not reflect the full extent of the contamination, as no comprehensive technical assessment has been conducted to date. Due\nto the absence of verified data on the overall level of contamination in Gaza, the actual scale remains unknown. Based on munition\ntype and global averages, an estimated 5 to 15 per cent failure rate for deployed ordnance suggests that the number of EO present is\nincreasing daily as long as the conflict continues. This causes a high exposure of the affected population to explosive contamination;\nin an Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) and Conflict Preparedness and Protection (CPP) needs assessment conducted by HI\namong a diverse sample of age and gender groups in Gaza, 57 per cent of respondents reported having seen EO. [122]\n\n\nEO is buried under the rubble of at least 174,486 destroyed structures \u2013 representing approximately 70 per cent of Gaza\u2019s buildings. [123]\nThe resulting 50 million tons of debris, ongoing forced displacement of the civilian population, and complex return movements to\ndestroyed residential areas \u2013 particularly in North Gaza \u2013 increases the potential for lethal accidents. Despite the urgency, restrictions\nimposed by Israeli authorities on access and denied entry of equipment and materials required for survey and clearance has **fully**\n**blocked actors from carrying out large-scale clearance operations** in Gaza.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities are at significantly high risk of harm in the contaminated environment. Individuals with visual, hearing, or\nintellectual impairment may face difficulties recognizing signs of danger or understanding safety instructions if barriers are not removed\nto access and benefit from the services. [124] Those with physical impairments face added barriers to avoiding hazards or evacuating\ndangerous areas quickly. These vulnerabilities are exacerbated in displacement, where families traverse unfamiliar and potentially\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9963299632072449, - "start": 93, - "end": 96 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY", - "confidence": 0.6252891421318054, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7514092326164246, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9164554476737976, - "start": 107, - "end": 108 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.7819638848304749, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Atfaluna", - "confidence": 0.9784876704216003, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.898830235004425, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families with children with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9874637126922607, - "start": 204, - "end": 209 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative assessment", - "confidence": 0.7318213582038879, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "qualitative assessment", - "confidence": 0.6292910575866699, - "start": 498, - "end": 500 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Humanity and Inclusion", - "confidence": 0.6666420698165894, - "start": 501, - "end": 504 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6865882277488708, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9703022241592407, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and injuries", - "confidence": 0.7624852657318115, - "start": 511, - "end": 516 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\ncontaminated terrain, often without information on the risks.\n\n\n\n7-year-old girl with an\namputation receiving\nrehabilitation services\nfrom Humanity\n& Inclusion field team\nin Jabalia \u00a9 Humanity\n& Inclusion\n\n\n\nSince 7 October 2023, the Mine Action Area of Responsibility incident tracker has recorded 98 incidents involving EO leading to 34\nkilled and 197 injured, 52 of whom are children, figures which are likely highly underreported due to reporting barriers including access\nconstraints which limit EORE outreach, and unsafe conditions to report about EO. As intense hostilities including airstrikes continue\nacross Gaza, injuries as a result of EO exposure will continue to rise, and along with it the number of newly injured persons in Gaza that\nrequire specialized support and care.\n\n\nMine Action actors have quickly scaled-up lifesaving EORE and CPP information dissemination across Gaza, but access constraints on\nhumanitarian movements and repeated communications blackouts hinder access to hard-to-reach areas and inclusive messaging across\ndiverse platforms, excluding in particular persons with sensory, intellectual, or psychosocial impairments and older persons. In a recent\nneeds assessment conducted by HI and the Mine Action Area of Responsibility evaluating awareness and behavioral practices related\nto EORE and CPP, 9 per cent of older adults (both male and female) reported language and literacy barriers to understanding critical\nEORE messaging. [125] A growing need for victim assistance requires prosthetics which are severely limited inside Gaza and a cross-sectoral\ncontinuum of care that is likewise stymied by access restrictions.\n\nMine Action activities, such as Explosive Hazard Assessments (EHA), are a **critical enabler for all humanitarian interventions.** To\nmitigate the risk posed by EO, Mine Action partners conduct EHAs to assess the likely presence of EO contamination and conclude\nareas as being at low, medium and high risk, subsequently providing recommendations on safe behavior or appropriate procedures\nin cases where suspicious or dangerous items are identified within communities. Mine Action partners are supporting Inter-Agency\nMissions wherein they assess routes used by humanitarian convoys which deliver life-saving humanitarian activities throughout Gaza \u2014\nproviding assistance that is urgently needed, particularly for vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities and older persons.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n## **RESPONSE**\n\n##### **PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\nAs of June 2025, 18 partners [126] are actively responding to the protection needs of women, men, girls and boys with disabilities and\nolder women and men in Gaza. Specialized actors have provided **multi-disciplinary rehabilitation services** for persons with disabilities\n**(emergency rehabilitation, assistive devices, prosthetics and orthosis, and MHPSS services),** addressing multiple, overlapping needs\nand enhancing the physical and psychological wellbeing of patients and caregivers. Between January 2024 and April **2025 29,751**\n**people with disabilities (including 4,604 girls and 4,559 boys) and 38,265 older persons** received specialized services.\n\nThrough the **Disability Working Group,** protection partners have responded to escalating protection risks and needs of persons with\ndisabilities and older persons following mobile and **community-based approaches,** engaging local networks of community focal points\ntrained in protection to inform and adapt service planning. **Palestinian OPDs** and persons with disabilities from before the escalation\nhave played a critical role in the response, conducting community outreach and advocacy to ensure services are inclusive. Local NGOs\nled the development of **inclusive evacuation guidelines, sign language trainings and awareness raising** for partners on supporting\npersons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities have taken on training and capacity building roles and established **peer support**\n**networks and peer-led psychological first aid (PFA),** guiding persons with new injuries and disabilities on service pathways and positive\ncoping strategies. [127]\n\nTo support communities at the forefront of inclusion initiatives, the Protection Cluster expanded the **Emergency Protection Responders**\n**(EPR)** network, ensuring frontline protection monitoring and response integrates age, gender, and disability-inclusive protection\nrisk analysis and facilitates case identification and referrals for persons with disabilities and older persons to specialized services.\n**Safeguarding monitoring** by the EPRs and Prevention of Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (PSEA) Network have identified barriers for\nkey groups in accessing assistance and promoted inclusive practices. The Mine Action AoR established a **victim tracking system** and in\ncollaboration with **Victim\u2019s Assistance Technical Working Group** is actively supporting its roll out and **establishment of the dedicated**\n**referral pathway for persons exposed to EO.** The **EORE Technical Working Group** developed disability-inclusive IEC and **EORE/CCP**\n**materials** to expand access to lifesaving information.\n\n##### **ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\nSevere access restrictions and lack of meaningful operational space across Gaza are key challenges that impede partners reaching\ncommunities. Access is particularly affected in **North Gaza** and **Rafah,** while areas previously accessible in **Khan Younis** and **Deir al**\n**Balah** face expanding restrictions. In response, partners have **scaled-up adapted delivery modalities and remote protection services,**\nincluding MHPSS and paralegal services, support through helplines, home visits, remote case management, and awareness messaging\non risk mitigation through inclusive approaches.\n\n##### **CRITICAL GAPS AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\nA significant gap in comprehensive and updated statistics on the total and disaggregated number of persons with disabilities, their\nlocation, and the types and causes of their impairments remains across Gaza due to ongoing hostilities and limited use of **sex, age**\n**and disability disaggregated data (SADDD)** collection and indicators. A lack of systematic identification of access barriers to services\nremains, and humanitarian actors and coordination structures require ongoing technical support and tailored guidance to strengthen\ninclusive approaches. Increased active and systematic engagement with persons with disabilities and representatives of OPDs in the\ndifferent phases of the response remains critical in identifying and addressing specific needs, risks, and access barriers. OPDs and\nspecialized local service providers are facing significant funding shortfalls that will impact operational capacity and targeted services for\npersons with disabilities. **Victim assistance** remains severely underfunded, limited to referrals, and requires adaptive and rehabilitation\nequipment to be allowed entry to Gaza. Support to **community-based rehabilitation services** is limited yet imperative to ensuring\nsustainable and inclusive systems-building informed by affected persons. The overwhelming scale of trauma means nearly all children,\nespecially those with disabilities, require MHPSS, but services are severely limited and cannot be scaled-up effectively under current\nsecurity conditions.\n\n\nSafety of frontline staff remains a growing concern amid escalating violence. [128] Palestinian NGOs and OPDs are the backbone of the\nhumanitarian response yet are faced with reduced capacity following devastating losses [129] and steadily rising numbers of injured\npersons. They require urgent **funding and technical support to expand and rebuild capacity** to meet growing needs.\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n## **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nThe meaningful inclusion of persons with disabilities and older persons in humanitarian response is an imperative grounded in the\ninternational community\u2019s obligations to protect, promote, and respect human rights. Fundamental to ensuring the protection of\ncivilians in Gaza, **member States are called on to urgently expand advocacy with all Parties to the conflict to comply with their**\n**obligations under international law.** [130] Specific recommendations to key stakeholders are as follows:\n\n\n**RISK 1**\n**Attacks on civilians and civilian objects**\n\n\n**PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n- Take immediate steps to end the hostilities in Gaza, including through agreeing to a ceasefire.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL**\n\n- Stop the forcible displacement of civilians in Gaza. Ensure that any evacuations comply with international law and include advance\nwarning accessible to all civilians, and that any measures include accommodations for persons with disabilities and older persons,\nand do not result in separation of families.\n\n- Cease attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure and respect the special protection of hospitals and medical personnel under\ninternational law.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n- Mobilize resources in 2025 to restore and expand rehabilitation services and timely provision of assistive devices in coordination with\nspecialized health and rehabilitation actors to ensure a continuum of care.\n\n- Rapidly operationalize OPD-developed guidance on inclusive evacuation plans that consider mobility and sensory impairments,\nensuring safe and dignified displacement options.\n\n\n**RISK 2**\n**Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities,**\n**services and/or humanitarian access**\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL**\n\n- Immediately cease operation of the militarized \u201cGaza Humanitarian Foundation\u201d, ensure the Israeli military deescalates unrest\nappropriately and does not fire on civilians trying to seek assistance, and investigate all violations.\n\n- Urgently remove unlawful impediments to humanitarian access and take all measures in cooperation with the UN and established\nhumanitarian system to facilitate the unhindered provision of aid and assistance at scale across Gaza.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n- Ensure disability inclusion is mainstreamed and integrated within the strategic objectives of the HCT Centrality of Protection strategy\nin 2025. Develop a strategic plan to enable the active involvement of individuals with disabilities in identifying barriers informing\nresponse and reconstruction plans.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n- Systematize the broad use of inclusive data collection and information management including collection of SADDD and incorporation\nof Washington Group Questions into needs assessments to ensure robust data collection and inclusive project planning that promote\nequality and non-discrimination in humanitarian response by end of 2025.\n\n- Ensure accountability to affected populations (AAP) measures including complaints, feedback and response mechanisms (CFRM)\nunder development use multiple channels, accessible formats, and dedicated outreach to expand access.\n\n- Include persons with disabilities and older persons in the long-term recovery and reconstruction plan development for Gaza. Ensure\nthat future infrastructure, services, and policies are universally accessible, following the principle of universal design, and responsive\nto the specific requirements of persons with disabilities.\n\n- Integrate adapted modalities for service provision, ensure systematic mainstreaming and integration of disability inclusion as part of\ncross-cutting considerations, and enhance awareness on disability inclusive approaches, ensuring disability is integrated as part of\nbroader capacity strengthening at coordination and cluster levels by end of 2025.\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SADDD", - "confidence": 0.9120690226554871, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "inclusive data collection and information management", - "confidence": 0.8045769929885864, - "start": 461, - "end": 467 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8705511093139648, - "start": 437, - "end": 440 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n**RISK 3**\n**Gender-based violence**\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n- Prioritize investment in targeted initiatives that strengthen the inclusion of older women and persons with disabilities in GBV\nprevention and response, including mobile outreach services, assistive device provision, and disability and age-inclusive case\nmanagement tools.\n\n- Require inclusive design including budgeting and monitoring in upcoming funding cycles, ensuring humanitarian organizations\ndemonstrate concrete steps towards accessibility, training, and coordination with disability actors.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n- Ensure intersectional data collection and analysis by supporting protection monitoring and needs assessments that disaggregate data\nby sex, age, and disability, and capture complex GBV risks faced by older women and women and girls with disabilities.\n\n- Work with OPDs, specialized service providers, and GBV case managers to provide ongoing training and mentorship on safe\ndisclosure, referrals, and inclusive service delivery, and the provision of practical guidance on supporting survivors with diverse\ndisabilities during 2025.\n\n- Immediately expand accessibility of existing GBV services to reach and benefit persons with disabilities, particularly women and girls\nwith disabilities. Adopt strategies to prevent and address discrimination against older women, women and girls with disabilities and\nsupport the full inclusion of women from all age groups in empowerment activities and community decision-making structures.\n\n\n**RISK 4**\n**Psychological/emotional abuse and inflicted distress**\n\n\n**DONORS AND MEMBER STATES**\n\n- Invest in comprehensive MHPSS services for persons with disabilities and caregivers in upcoming funding cycles, with tailored services\nfor children with disabilities and older persons.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n- Initiate prioritization of family-based care for persons with disabilities including children and older persons at home, drawing on\nlessons learned from international best practices in deinstitutionalization and family-based support, and ensure practices are\nmainstreamed among MHPSS providers in 2025.\n\n\n**RISK 5**\n**Presence of explosive ordnance**\n\n\n**MEMBER STATES**\n\n- Advocate for immediate facilitated access for MA and prioritize flexible funding for EHA activity scale-up to support humanitarian\nresponse and critical infrastructure and, when the security context allows, individual shelters.\n\n\n**PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n- Immediately remove restrictions on entry of equipment and materials required for rubble removal and safe EO clearance and\ndisposal activities. Facilitate positive actions on EO (move, remove, render safe, dispose) to enable large-scale rubble removal to\nreduce physical barriers and threats to persons with mobility and sensory impairments and intellectual disabilities.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n- Scale-up victim assistance interventions through operationalizing identification and referral of victims of EO through cross-sectoral\ncoordination with specialized health, rehabilitation, and MHPSS actors during 2025.\n\n- In coordination with communities and OPDs, further develop EORE-CPP information and awareness materials in adapted formats\nconsidering diverse communication needs, complimented by rapid, active outreach to ensure access to life-saving information during\nthe next quarter.\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n##### **METHODOLOGY**\n\nThe analysis has been based on primary data collection through consultations with members of the Disability\nWorking Group, internal consultations on projects and activities by disability-specialized organizations including\nHumanity & Inclusion (HI), and focus group discussions carried out by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna\nSociety for Deaf Children with persons with disabilities (including dedicated sessions with women and girls, and\ngroups with specific types of impairments), older persons, caregivers, and OPD staff between May and June\n2025. Secondary data collection included quantitative and qualitative data from existing secondary data sources,\nprotection monitoring and assessments, and multi-sector reports covering events from October 2023 to June\n2025 in the Gaza Strip. Surveys were conducted through the Disability Working Group with OPDs and agencies\nspecialized in services for persons with disabilities and older persons. A 5W system for the OPT was launched in\nJanuary 2023 to harmonize and standardize systems for the collection, management, analysis and use of data\nreflected in the report.\n\n##### **LIMITATIONS**\n\nThe current situation in Gaza, including ongoing denial of access, risks posed by heavy military operations, and\nongoing communications black-out does not permit the systematic and complete humanitarian assessment\nand analysis process. Inconsistent SADDD data collection limits robust analysis of threats, impacts, capacities,\nlocations and needs of persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza. Reliance on the medical approach to\ndisabilities often adopted in data collection initiatives also contributes to additional barriers to understanding\ndisability as a cross-cutting topic. This PAU is meant to provide a baseline on risks faced by persons with\ndisabilities and older persons in Gaza as of June 2025 and promote improved inclusion of affected groups in\nprotection analysis and advocacy within the humanitarian response in Gaza.\n\n\n**For further information please contact the Protection Cluster:** [ohchr-protectioncluster-opt@un.org](mailto:ohchr-protectioncluster-opt%40un.org%20?subject=)\n\n**Child Protection AoR:** [Ranjini Paskarasingam | rpaskarasingam@unicef.org](mailto:rpaskarasingam%40unicef.org?subject=)\n\n**GBV AoR:** [Mwajuma Msangi | msangi@unfpa.org](mailto:msangi%40unfpa.org%20?subject=)\n\n**Legal Task Force:** [Nader Muaddi | nader.muaddi@nrc.no](mailto:nader.muaddi%40nrc.no?subject=)\n\n**Housing, Land and Property:** [Shereen Al Abdallah | shereen.abdallah@nrc.no](mailto:shereen.abdallah%40nrc.no%20?subject=)\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SADDD data", - "confidence": 0.5785879492759705, - "start": 248, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6173985600471497, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Disability Working Group", - "confidence": 0.5925067663192749, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9754883646965027, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9097036123275757, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and older persons", - "confidence": 0.9771297574043274, - "start": 162, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PAU", - "confidence": 0.6159833669662476, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9815722703933716, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.569607138633728, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and older persons", - "confidence": 0.9521543979644775, - "start": 162, - "end": 168 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n##### **ENDNOTES**\n\n\n1 Ministry of Heath statistics as of 1 July 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza.\n\n[2 WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[gaza---final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n3 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n4 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n5 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n6 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n[7 Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n8 Organizations of persons with disabilities (OPDs) are defined as representative organizations of persons with disabilities, majority-governed and led by\n\npersons with disabilities for persons with disabilities.\n\n9 The Protection Cluster systematically tracks 15 protection risks as defined in the Global Protection Cluster Protection Analytical Framework (PAF). Five\n\nkey risks spotlighted in this report were identified through a participatory approach including surveys and focus group discussions with OPDs, Gaza\nDisability Working Group members, and OPT Protection Cluster partners.\n\n[10 Ministry of Heath statistics as of 1 July 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza.](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6691)\n\n11 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n[12 UN News, Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear halts search for thousands buried under rubble, 22 April 2025. Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n[halts search for thousands buried under rubble | UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n13 OHCHR documented the repeated attacks on hospitals and military operations and combat within and in the vicinity of hospitals, which has led to\n\nthe destruction of the majority of hospitals in Gaza, the killing of hundreds of health and medical professionals, and pushed the healthcare system to\nthe point of almost complete collapse. The destruction of the healthcare system has reverberating impacts extending beyond the physical structures,\nresulting in loss of access to essential, life-saving treatment as well as loss of care for chronic illnesses, turning non-threatening conditions into\npotentially life-altering or fatal ones.\n\n[14 Khatib, Rasha et al., Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential, The Lancet, Volume 404, Issue 10449, 237 \u2013 238.](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3/fulltext#:~:text=By%20June%2019%2C%202024%2C%2037%20396%20people%20had,Israeli%20intelligence%20services%2C%202%20the%20UN%2C%20and%20WHO.)\n\n[15 WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[16 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024), 31 December 2024. Attacks](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n[on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n[17 Ministry of Health, 24 March 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6391)\n\n[18 Ministry of Health, 17 April 2025. Telegram: View @MOHMediaGaza](https://t.me/MOHMediaGaza/6466)\n\n[19 Save the Children, Gaza: Explosive Weapons Left 15 Children a Day with Potentially Lifelong Disabilities in 2024, 14 January 2025. GAZA: EXPLOSIVE](https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-explosive-weapons-left-15-children-day-potentially-lifelong-disabilities-2024)\n\n[WEAPONS LEFT 15 CHILDREN A DAY WITH POTENTIALLY LIFELONG DISABILITIES IN 2024 | Save the Children International](https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-explosive-weapons-left-15-children-day-potentially-lifelong-disabilities-2024)\n\n20 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n21 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n22 Child Protection Area of Responsibility case management database analysis, June 2025.\n\n23 Child Protection Area of Responsibility case management database analysis, June 2025.\n\n24 The Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) holds the main dataset on disability in Gaza, however data collected is based on a medical approach\n\nto disability that risks excluding a wide range of individuals considered to have a disability as per the CRPD definition. MoSD established an updated\nReduced Intake Form following the escalation of hostilities in Gaza in October 2023, however data collected using the form has been impacted by the\nhigh volume of displacement across Gaza and ongoing insecurity and requires additional verification.\n\n25 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n[26 HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[27 HelpAge International, Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-Gaza conflict, October 2023. Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n[Gaza conflict - HelpAge International](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n[28 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/postar.aspx?lang=ar&ItemID=5842](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/postar.aspx?lang=ar&ItemID=5842)\n\n[29 HelpAge International, Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-Gaza conflict, October 2023. Older people: the hidden casualties of the Israel-](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n[Gaza conflict - HelpAge International](https://www.helpage.org/news/older-people-the-hidden-casualties-of-the-israel-gaza-conflict/)\n\n30 Older persons are at greater risk from infectious diseases in compromised hygiene conditions. See: HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering:\n\n[The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza; and HelpAge](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\nInternational, Achieveing Universal Health Coverage fir for an ageing world, 2022.\n\n31 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams", - "confidence": 0.8054944276809692, - "start": 50, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.9246797561645508, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9122411012649536, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7785846590995789, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9289079308509827, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gaza Situation Report 2025", - "confidence": 0.5883265733718872, - "start": 84, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - 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In this regard, the specific\nrequirements of women, men, girls, and boys with disabilities and older women and men must be taken into account. The Convention on the Rights\nof Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) further requires duty bearers to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety and protection of persons with\ndisabilities, however the UN Commission of Inquiry found that Israeli forces did not offer assistance to those unable to evacuate due to age, illness,\ndisability or other status in the course of military operations in Gaza.\n\n33 UN Human Rights Council, Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel,\n\nDetailed Findings on the Military Operations and Attacks Carried Out in the Occupied Palestinian Territory from 7 October to 31 December 2023. A/\nHRC/56/CRP.4, June 10, 2024, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-crp-4.pdf,\npara. 92.\n\n34 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n35 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n36 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n37 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n[38 International Rescue Committee, Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Gaza, August 2024, UASC in Gaza (Complete Report)_1.pdf](https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/2025-01/UASC in Gaza %28Complete Report%29_1.pdf)\n\n[39 UNICEF, Programme Brief: Gaza Strip Unaccompanied and Separated Children, 2024. v3 Thematic Paper on UASC Nov 15 2024 highlight_final](https://www.unicef.org/sop/media/4426/file/Programme Brief Gaza Strip Unaccompanied and Sperated Children.pdf.pdf)\n\n40 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n41 Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Towards Greater Inclusion: A Discussion Paper\n\non the CAAC Mandate and Children with Disabilities in Armed Conflict, December 2023. https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/wp-content/\nuploads/2023/12/Towards-Greater-Inclusion-high-res-no-bleed.pdf, p. 29 (accessed February 26, 2024).\n\n42 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n[43 UN News, Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear halts search for thousands buried under rubble, 22 April 2025. Gaza: Destruction of vital lifting gear](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n[halts search for thousands buried under rubble | UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162491)\n\n[44 OHCHR, \u2018Assault on children\u2019: UN experts condemn renewed attacks on UNRWA schools in Gaza and East Jerusalem, 20 May 2025. \u2018Assault on](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/05/assault-children-un-experts-condemn-renewed-attacks-unrwa-schools-gaza-and)\n\n[children\u2019: UN experts condemn renewed attacks on UNRWA schools in Gaza and East Jerusalem | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/05/assault-children-un-experts-condemn-renewed-attacks-unrwa-schools-gaza-and)\n\n[45 Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n46 ICRC Customary IHL Study, Rule 110.\n\n47 ICRC Customary IHL Study, Rules 25 and 28.\n\n48 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n49 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n[50 WHO, WHO analysis highlights vast unmet rehabilitation needs in Gaza, September 2025. WHO EMRO | WHO analysis highlights vast unmet](https://www.emro.who.int/fr/media/actualites/who-analysis-highlights-vast-unmet-rehabilitation-needs-in-gaza.html)\n\n[rehabilitation needs in Gaza | Actualit\u00e9s | Centre des m\u00e9dias](https://www.emro.who.int/fr/media/actualites/who-analysis-highlights-vast-unmet-rehabilitation-needs-in-gaza.html)\n\n[51 WHO, Estimating Trauma Rehabilitation Needs in Gaza using Injury Data from Emergency Medical Teams, 30 July 2024. rehab-injury-estimate-](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n[gaza---final.pdf](https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/rehab-injury-estimate-gaza---final.pdf?sfvrsn=bd9b3a7b_1&download=true)\n\n52 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n53 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n[54 Al Jazeera, Gaza\u2019s kidney patients face dialysis crisis at jam-packed hospitals, 25 October 2023. Gaza\u2019s kidney patients face dialysis crisis at jam-packed](https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/25/terrifying-hope-shrinks-for-gazas-dialysis-patients-at-packed-hospitals)\n\n[hospitals | Israel-Palestine conflict News | Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/25/terrifying-hope-shrinks-for-gazas-dialysis-patients-at-packed-hospitals)\n\n[55 Ministry of Health (Gaza), Annual Report 2023, The Israeli Aggression Against Palestinians in 2023. https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq](https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf)\n\n[8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf](https://site.moh.ps/Content/Books/d8ePy82GgjoLq8BKPFAcRiDGPgGLxUyf2QLgnQpQfMnat7eglGunHT_sMrLvEuJF6oGiZMAsOvkAi5JNNnu4cIvIi7YeCFMK71IotgKWBLRlI.pdf)\n\n56 Humanity & Inclusion, Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine, 2 April\n\n[2025. Amputation Crisis in Conflict Zones: Report Reveals Urgent Need for Rehabilitation Services in Gaza, Syria and Ukraine | Humanity & Inclusion UK](https://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/amputation-crisis-in-conflict-zones-report-reveals-urgent-need-for-rehabilitation-services-in-gaza-syria-and-ukraine)\n\n[57 UNRWA, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza, 24 June, 2025, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza | UNRWA](https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/protection-brief-situation-older-persons-gaza)\n\n58 OHCHR, Thematic Report \u2013 Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 \u2013 June 30 2024), 31 December 2024.\n\n[Attacks on hospitals during the escalation of hostilities in Gaza (7 October 2023 - 30 June 2024)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/thematic-report-attacks-hospitals-during-escalation-hostilities-gaza-7-october)\n\n[59 OHCHR, Unlawful killings in Gaza and the imperative for accountability, 28 May 2025. UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Unlawful killings in Gaza and the](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-and-imperative-accountability-enar)\n\n[imperative for accountability](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-unlawful-killings-gaza-and-imperative-accountability-enar)\n\n60 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf; UNICEF, Humanitarian Situation\n\n[Report No.34, 30 January 2025. State of Palestine-2024-2025-01-30](https://www.unicef.org/media/167341/file/State-of-Palestine-Humanitarian-SitRep-No.-34,-31-December-2024.pdf.pdf)\n\n61 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n[62 Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO), Elderly People \u2013 The Hidden Victims of the War on Gaza, May 2025. Ovv5E.pdf](https://en.pngoportal.org/uploads/documents/2025/05/Ovv5E.pdf)\n\n[63 OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gaza Situation Report 2025", - "confidence": 0.7420538067817688, - "start": 339, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children", - "confidence": 0.5929429531097412, - "start": 333, - "end": 338 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9704347848892212, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9580298662185669, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8422192931175232, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and older persons", - "confidence": 0.788611114025116, - "start": 314, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Impact Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.6455599665641785, - "start": 750, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WHO", - "confidence": 0.8906638622283936, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9904611706733704, - "start": 773, - "end": 774 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.761807918548584, - "start": 755, - "end": 756 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.6923975348472595, - "start": 1251, - "end": 1257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.63255774974823, - "start": 1266, - "end": 1268 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.523638129234314, - "start": 1238, - "end": 1239 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7690161466598511, - "start": 1217, - "end": 1218 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n64 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), Gaza Strip: IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis Special Brief (April \u2013 September 2025), 12 May 2025.\n\n[Gaza Strip: IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis Special Brief | April - September 2025 (Published on 12 May 2025)](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-strip-ipc-acute-food-insecurity-analysis-special-brief-april-september-2025-published-12-may-2025#:~:text=From%2011%20May%20to%20the%20end%20of%20September,acute%20food%20insecurity%20%28IPC%20Phase%203%20or%20above%29.)\n\n65 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n[66 ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n[Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n67 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[68 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the Palestinian children\u203as situation on the eve of the Palestinian Child Day, 5 April 2025. PCBS | H.E. Dr. Awad,](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=5965)\n\n[highlights the Palestinian children\u203as situation on the eve of the Palestinian Child Day, 05/04/2025.](https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=5965)\n\n[69 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 07 May 2025. Humanitarian Situation Update #286 | Gaza Strip | United Nations Office for the](https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-286-gaza-strip)\n\n[Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory](https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-286-gaza-strip)\n\n70 A statement from Dr. Haitham Al-Saqqa, Nutrition Programs Manager at the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS), dated 26 May 2025.\n\n71 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n72 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n73 OHCHR Disability Advisor consultations with three partner organizations in Deir al Balah, February 2025.\n\n74 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[75 HRW, Gaza: Israeli Attacks, Blockade Devastating for People with Disabilities, 1 November 2023. Gaza: Israeli Attacks, Blockade Devastating for People](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/01/gaza-israeli-attacks-blockade-devastating-people-disabilities)\n\n[with Disabilities | Human Rights Watch](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/01/gaza-israeli-attacks-blockade-devastating-people-disabilities)\n\n[76 ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n[Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n77 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n78 Key observations shared through FGDs with persons with disabilities and older persons in Gaza by the Protection Cluster and Atfaluna, June 2025.\n\n[79 OPT Protection Cluster, Devastating Lack of Shelter Exacerbates Risk of Harm to Palestinians in Gaza, 6 February 2025. Devastating Lack of Shelter](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/devastating-lack-shelter-exacerbates-risk-harm-palestinians-gaza)\n\n[Exacerbates Risk of Harm to Palestinians in Gaza - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/devastating-lack-shelter-exacerbates-risk-harm-palestinians-gaza)\n\n80 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n81 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n82 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[83 OHCHR, Desperate Palestinian seeking food killed in Gaza, 18 June 2025. Desperate Palestinians seeking food killed in Gaza - occupied Palestinian](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/desperate-palestinians-seeking-food-killed-gaza)\n\n[territory | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/desperate-palestinians-seeking-food-killed-gaza)\n\n84 Garb, Yaakov, 2025, \u00abThe Israeli/American/GHF \u201caid distribution\u201d compounds in Gaza: Dataset and initial analysis of location, context, and internal\n\n[structure\u00bb, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QB75LB, Harvard Dataverse, V1; Garb (2025) Description and context of dataset on Gaza aid compounds](https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QB75LB)\n20250603.pdf\n\n[85 OHCHR, Gaza: Palestinians seeking food continue to be killed by Israeli military, 24 June 2025. Gaza: Palestinians seeking food continue to be killed by](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2025/06/gaza-palestinians-seeking-food-continue-be-killed-israeli-military)\n\n[Israeli military | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2025/06/gaza-palestinians-seeking-food-continue-be-killed-israeli-military)\n\n[86 UNICEF, Humanitarian Situation Report No.34, 30 January 2025. State of Palestine-2024-2025-01-30](https://www.unicef.org/media/167341/file/State-of-Palestine-Humanitarian-SitRep-No.-34,-31-December-2024.pdf.pdf)\n\n[87 Humanity & Inclusion, 100 days of chaos in Gaza: disabled people are deprived of everything, 12 January 2024. 100 days of chaos in Gaza: disabled](https://www.hi.org/en/news/100-days-of-chaos-in-gaza--disabled-people-are-deprived-of-everything-)\n\n[people are deprived of everything | HI](https://www.hi.org/en/news/100-days-of-chaos-in-gaza--disabled-people-are-deprived-of-everything-)\n\n88 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n89 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[90 HRW, israel_palestine0924 web.pdf](https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2024/10/israel_palestine0924 web.pdf)\n\n91 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n[92 ACAPS, Palestine: Impacts of the conflict on people with disabilities in the Gaza Strip, 14 February 2024. 20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n[conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240214_ACAPS_Palestine_Impact_of_the_conflict_on_people_with_disabilities_in_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf)\n\n93 OCHA, Humanitarian Needs Overview: occupied Palestinian territory, 2023.\n\n94 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n95 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n96 OCHA, Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot, 18 June 2025. Gaza_Reported_Impact_Snapshot_18_June_2025 final.pdf\n\n97 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n98 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n[99 HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza; GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n100 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n101 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[102 OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Food Security Phase Classification", - "confidence": 0.9063103199005127, - "start": 14, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "IPC", - "confidence": 0.9545211791992188, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza Strip", - "confidence": 0.9031331539154053, - "start": 23, - "end": 25 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.932244598865509, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5069490075111389, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities and older persons", - "confidence": 0.6536225080490112, - "start": 77, - "end": 83 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys with OPDs", - "confidence": 0.57411789894104, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Key observations shared", - "confidence": 0.5621389746665955, - "start": 314, - "end": 317 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6405720114707947, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.8924862742424011, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5970739722251892, - "start": 390, - "end": 391 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OPDs", - "confidence": 0.6976752877235413, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "dataset on Gaza aid compounds", - "confidence": 0.6519079208374023, - "start": 685, - "end": 690 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Dataset", - "confidence": 0.5341846942901611, - "start": 656, - "end": 657 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Garb, Yaakov", - "confidence": 0.6573730111122131, - "start": 635, - "end": 638 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9418480396270752, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9320334792137146, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5757778882980347, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Palestinians", - "confidence": 0.7332093119621277, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys with OPDs in Gaza", - "confidence": 0.7505432963371277, - "start": 824, - "end": 829 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.8521743416786194, - "start": 831, - "end": 833 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.7556086182594299, - "start": 770, - "end": 771 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7525701522827148, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OPDs", - "confidence": 0.8527502417564392, - "start": 826, - "end": 827 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis", - "confidence": 0.9697802662849426, - "start": 917, - "end": 923 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.7086611390113831, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "occupied Palestinian territory", - "confidence": 0.8584927320480347, - "start": 910, - "end": 913 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6688154339790344, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OPDs", - "confidence": 0.7410906553268433, - "start": 937, - "end": 938 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gaza Humanitarian Impact Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.5898389220237732, - "start": 954, - "end": 958 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9201837182044983, - "start": 939, - "end": 940 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7975670695304871, - "start": 928, - "end": 929 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.668971061706543, - "start": 1097, - "end": 1103 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5235317945480347, - "start": 1112, - "end": 1114 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6808674931526184, - "start": 1086, - "end": 1088 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gaza", - "confidence": 0.9538582563400269, - "start": 1083, - "end": 1084 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8041878938674927, - "start": 1055, - "end": 1056 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY (OPT) |** July 2025\n\n\n[103 HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[104 ReLAB HS, Rehabilitation through a gender lens, 2021. Rehabilitation through a gender lens ReLABHS 2021](https://www.hi.org/sn_uploads/document/Rehabilitation-through-a-gender-lens-ReLABHS-Factsheet-2021.pdf)\n\n105 The Legal Task Force (LTF) operates under the UN Protection Cluster in the OPT, comprising of international and local legal aid organizations, from\n\nboth Israel and Palestine. With a focus on pursuing domestic legal remedies to mitigate human rights violations and subsequent humanitarian suffering,\nthe LTF serves as a platform for collaboration, information-sharing, and coordinated action to address critical legal issues affecting communities at risk of\n[forcible transfer. More information is available here: Occupied Palestinian Territory: Legal Task Force (LTF)](https://response.reliefweb.int/palestine/legal-task-force-ltf#:~:text=The%20Legal%20Task%20Force%20%28LTF%29%20operates%20under%20the,legal%20aid%20organizations%2C%20from%20both%20Israel%20and%20Palestine.)\n\n[106 Human Rights Council, UN experts condemn destruction of judicial infrastructure, call for protection of justice operators, 16 April 2024. Israel/Gaza:](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/israelgaza-un-experts-condemn-destruction-judicial-infrastructure-call)\n\n[UN experts condemn destruction of judicial infrastructure, call for protection of justice operators | OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/israelgaza-un-experts-condemn-destruction-judicial-infrastructure-call)\n\n107 Housing, Land and Property Technical Working Group analysis, June 2025.\n\n108 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n109 GBV Area of Responsibility trend analysis, December 2024 to May 2025.\n\n110 ACAPS, Impact of the conflict on mental health and psychosocial needs in Gaza, September 2024.\n\n[111 OPT Protection Cluster Protection Monitoring Snapshot, June 2025. Gaza Protection Cluster Snapshot: Protection Monitoring | 1 April \u2013 10 June](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-protection-cluster-snapshot-protection-monitoring-1-april-10-june)\n\n112 Consultation with Gaza Community Mental Health Program, March 2025.\n\n[113 UNICEF, State of Palestine Humanitarian Situation and Needs, June 2024. 2024-HAC-State of Palestine-revised-June.pdf](https://www.unicef.org/media/158391/file/2024-HAC-State of Palestine-revised-June.pdf)\n\n114 Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children, Gaza Situation Report 2025, March 2025.\n\n115 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n116 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n117 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n[118 UNRWA, Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza, 24 June, 2025. Protection Brief: Situation of Older Persons in Gaza | UNRWA](https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/protection-brief-situation-older-persons-gaza)\n\n119 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n[120 HelpAge International, A lifetime of suffering: The challenges faced by older people in Gaza, 20 February 2024. A lifetime of suffering: The challenges](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n[faced by older people in Gaza](https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/lifetime-suffering-challenges-faced-older-people-gaza#:~:text=The%20approximately%20111%2C500%20older%20people%20in%20Gaza%20are,reduced%20access%20to%20essential%20health%20and%20social%20services.)\n\n121 Key observations shared through surveys with OPDs in Gaza by the Protection Cluster conducted in May and June 2025.\n\n122 Humanity & Inclusion and Mine Action AoR, Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) / Conflict Preparedness and Protection (CPP) Needs\n\nAssessment Report, May 2025.\n\n123 UNOSAT and Debris Management Working Group, May 2025.\n\n124 Key observations shared during structured discussion with Protection, EORE and CPP staff in Gaza by HI, 5 June 2025.\n\n125 Humanity & Inclusion and Mine Action AoR, Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) / Conflict Preparedness and Protection (CPP) Needs\n\nAssessment Report, May 2025.\n\n126 Before October 2023, 46 local NGOs were active in the rehabilitation sector, with some specialized exclusively in rehabilitation and others integrating\n\ndisability inclusion as part of broader programs and interventions. As of June 2025 this capacity has been drastically reduced, with 18 NGOs fully\noperational and 8 partially active. The remaining 20 have suspended their operations.\n\n127 Key in-field observations shared by HI during structured consultations, June 2025.\n\n[128 Humanity & Inclusion, Heba: A humanitarian worker during war, May 2025. Heba: A humanitarian worker during war | HI](https://www.hi.org/en/news/heba--a-humanitarian-worker-during-war-)\n\n129 OHCHR Disability Advisor consultations with OPDs and PNGO in Gaza City, February 2025.\n\n130 The OPT including the Gaza Strip is under illegal Israeli occupation, to which both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human\n\nrights law apply. Israel has ratified the four Geneva Conventions and rules of Customary IHL are applicable, and Israel is bound to meet obligations\nfor the protection of civilians in Gaza defined therein, including relevant provisions on the protection of hospitals and medical personal, the issuing of\neffective warnings prior to attacks, and duties as an Occupying Power to ensure provisions for the basic needs of the population and to facilitate the\npassage of humanitarian supplies. The State of Palestine ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) on 2 April 2014 and\nis responsible for implementing its human rights obligations to the extent of its jurisdiction (see A/HRC/34/38, para.5). Human rights obligations of\nIsrael within the OPT stem from the jurisdiction and effective control exercised by Israel as the occupying power (see A/HRC/34/38, para. 6). Israel is\nalso party to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and must take measures to ensure the full application of the Convention in the\nOPT, including the Gaza Strip, and to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction and effective control are afforded the full enjoyment of the right\nenshrined in the Convention.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8afad9c6-f6e0-5297-a6cd-bef1f06bfeb4/opt_gaza_protection_analysis_update_july2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_84/raw/doc_84_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_84/raw/doc_84_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f406f6a64aac5d89dcb38edeca1b4c026537e764..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_84/raw/doc_84_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Antiretroviral** **Medication** **Policy** **for Refugees**\n\n### **January 2007**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 UNHCR, 2007. All rights reserved.\n\n\nReproduction and dissemination for educational or other non-commercial\npurposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for\nresale or other commercial purposes, or translation for any purpose, is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holders.\nApplications for such permission should be addressed to the HIV Unit of the\nOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at\nhivaids@unhcr.org\n\n\nAll reasonable precautions have been taken by the United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees be liable for damages arising from its use.\n\n\nCopies of this document can be obtained from:\nUNHCR \u2013 HIV Unit\nCP 2500\n1202 Geneva, Switzerland\nEmail: hivaids@unhc.org\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/hivaids\n\n\nCover photos:\nJack Redden / UNHCR / 2007\nSara Dang / 2007\n\n\nGraphic design:\nAlessandro Mannocchi, Rome\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **The UN Refugee Agencies\u2019** **Antiretroviral Medication Policy** **for Refugees**\n\n#### Table of Contents\n\nA) Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2\n\n\nB) Objective of the policy and scope of its application...................................................................................................................................2\n\n\nC) The scope of the challenge..............................................................................................................................................................................................................3\n\n\nD) Human Rights considerations governing UNHCR\u2019s ARV policy...................................................................................................4\n\n\nE) Key considerations governing the provision and use of ARVs\nin UNHCR\u2019s operations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\nF) Key principles governing the provision and use of ARVs\nin UNHCR\u2019s operations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\nG) Essential ARV and ART interventions.................................................................................................................................................................................7\n\n\nH) How should provision of essential ARV and ART interventions\nfor refugees be secured?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................10\n\n\nI) References.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11\n\n\nJ) Endnote.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **A) Introduction**\n\nThe introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 1990s dramatically\n\nchanged the prognosis of people suffering from HIV and AIDS and provided hope for\n\nmillions of people around the globe.Of the 39 million people currently living with HIV in\n\nlow and middle income countries,6.5 million of them are in need of ART;however,by the\n\nend of 2005, just over 1.3 million people were receiving the treatment. [1] Although ART is\n\nnot a cure and there are many side-effects and concerns about resistance, ART greatly\n\nimproves the quality of life by reducing morbidity and mortality among people living\n\nwith HIV. ART has revitalised whole communities. Not all persons who are HIV positive\n\nneed ART. Rather, only those with reduced immunity, shown by clinical symptoms and\n\nsigns or a specific blood test, require treatment.\n\n\nIn recent years, the international community has made a strong commitment to\n\nincrease the availability and accessibility of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) in an equi\ntable manner. Numerous initiatives by Governments, international organisations, and\n\nmultilateral and bilateral donors have been undertaken to address this critical issue,\n\nincluding the development of the World Bank\u2019s Multi-Country AIDS Programme for\n\nAfrica, the creation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the\n\nUnited States\u2019 President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and the introduction of the\n\nWorld Health Organization (WHO)-led \u20183x5\u2019 Initiative which has subsequently become\nthe Universal Access Initiative. [i] These initiatives have been accompanied by a significant\n\nreduction in prices of ARVs as well as improvements in technology and production of\n\nguidelines that have allowed ARVs and ART to be provided in a clearer and more sim\nplified manner.\n\n#### **B) Objective of the policy and scope of its application**\n\n\nThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\u2019(UNHCR) ARV policy for refugees is\n\ndesigned to offer guidance to UNHCR and its implementing and operational partners as\n\nwell as to host Governments on the provision of the different forms of available ARVs,\n\nnamely short-term preventive ARVs to avoid mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and\n\npost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission in certain\n\nsituations as well as long term ART. This document sets the objectives as to the avail\nability of ARVs and ART for refugees and outlines the scope of engagement and the\n\nresponsibilities of UNHCR offices in working towards the achievement of these objec\ntives.The document complements earlier UNHCR policy papers and guidelines related to\n\nHIV/AIDS [2-5] and is consistent with international recommendations relating to ART. [1, 6-8] As\n\nwith all HIV and AIDS policies and programmes,ARV interventions must be linked to pre\nvention, care and support programmes. ARVs should not be implemented as a parallel\n\nintervention but rather as part of an integrated HIV/AIDS programme which is in itself\n\nlinked to other existing services (e.g.reproductive health,protection,nutrition,education\n\nand social services).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While this ARV policy focuses on refugees, most of the principles stated in this\n\ndocument also apply to other persons of concern to UNHCR, including internally\n\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) though the range of activities and the level of UNHCR\u2019s\n\ninvolvement will depend on UNHCR\u2019s mandate, specific responsibilities and the\n\nlevels of engagement of the organisation with respect to such persons.\n\n\nWith regard to asylum-seekers, a distinction must be made between the provision\n\nof ARVs for the purposes of prevention (i.e.PMTCT and PEP) and ART which requires\n\nlong term provision.The policy governing the provision of ARVs for the purposes of\n\nprevention applies equally to asylum seekers as it does to refugees.Numerous fac\ntors need to be considered with regard to the provision of long term ART to asylum\n\nseekers. This includes the prospective for sustained longer term treatment, which\n\nagain may depend on the anticipation of the likelihood of the person remaining in\n\nthe country due to being granted refugee status or benefiting from complementa\nry forms of protection or on the possibility to continue treatment of rejected asy\nlum-seekers following their return to the country of origin.\n\n#### **C) The scope of the challenge**\n\n\nThe number of individuals of concern to the UNHCR,which include refugees,IDPs,\n\nreturnees (refugees and IDPs who have returned to their countries/places of origin),\n\nasylum-seekers and stateless people, rose 6 percent in 2005 to 20.8 million, with\n\nrefugees constituting 40% of the total. [9] Many countries, already overburdened by\n\nthe impact of HIV/AIDS,are often unable or unwilling to provide these populations\n\nwith the HIV-related services they require.This failure to provide HIV prevention and\n\ncare to refugees and displaced people not only undermines effective HIV preven\ntion and care efforts, it also undermines effective HIV prevention and care for host\n\ncountry populations.By the end of 2003,refugee populations remained on average\n\nin their host country for 17 years, [10] the implications for them as well as host coun\ntries are profound. [2]\n\n\nAt the United Nations (UN) General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS in 2001, [11]\n\n\nGovernments recognised that _\u201cpopulations destabilised by armed conflict, humani-_\n\n_tarian emergencies and natural disasters including refugees, internally displaced per-_\n\n_sons, and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV_\n\n_infection; and where appropriate, factor HIV/AIDS components into international assis-_\n\n_tance programmes;\u201d_ The session called upon _\u201call United Nations agencies, regional_\n\n_and international organisations, as well as non-governmental organisations (NGOs)_\n\n_involved with the provision and delivery of international assistance to countries and_\n\n_regions affected by conflicts\u2026to incorporate as a matter of emergency HIV/AIDS pre-_\n\n_vention, care and awareness elements into their plans and programmes\u201d_ . [11] Thus,in this\n\nforum and in many others, it has been acknowledged that HIV is a critical factor to\n\nbe considered in the context of forced displacement. [12]\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Providing HIV-related services to displaced populations is a difficult yet critical undertaking, [13]\n\n\nwhich is firmly rooted in international human rights law and which requires that any activity\n\nundertaken by States and UNHCR must be consistent with international refugee and human\n\nrights law.The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees stipulates in its article 23 that\n\n_\u201cContracting States shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their territory the same treatment_\n\n_with respect to public relief and assistance as is accorded to their nationals\u201d_ and this provision\n\nwould encompass _\u201cpublic relief and assistance\u201d_ related to health needs and services. [ii] Protection\n\noffered under international human rights law and in particular, article 12 of the International\n\nCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights reaches further as it encompasses _\u201cthe right_\n\n_of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health\u201d_ . [iii]\n\n\nThe scope of human rights obligations, which relate to everyone on the territory or under the\n\njurisdiction of a State party to relevant treaties and include the principle of non-discrimination\n\nrequire countries of asylum to ensure equal and non-discriminatory access to existing health\n\nservices for refugees on the same basis as nationals. Unfortunately, however, the HIV-related\n\nneeds of refugees, as well as other persons of concern to UNHCR such as IDPs, [14] are often not\n\nincluded in National Strategic Plans of Governments and/or in national HIV/AIDS proposals\n\nsubmitted to major donors. [15] This is detrimental to the HIV prevention, care and treatment\n\nneeds of both the affected populations and host surrounding populations. [2]\n\n#### **D) Human Rights considerations governing UNHCR\u2019s ARV policy**\n\n\n1. Refugees (as do asylum-seekers,IDPs and other persons of concern to UNHCR) may benefit as\n\nany other individual,from the _\u201cright of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable stan-_\n\n_dard of physical and mental health\u201d_ as explicitly codified in the International Covenant on\n\nEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) [iv], irrespective of their nationality or residence\n\nstatus. [v]\n\n\n2. This right requires State parties to this instrument to take steps which are necessary for _\u201cthe_\n\n_creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention in the event_\n_of sickness\u201d_ (Article 12(2)(d) ICESCR). [v]\n\n\n3. ARVs have been included on the WHO\u2019s model list of Essential Medicines indicating that its\n\nmedically indicated use reflects the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.\n\n\n4. The respect for protection and fulfillment of human rights is primarily the obligations of states\n\nand extends to all persons within a state\u2019s territory or subject to its jurisdiction.\n\n\n5. The concept of \u201c _progressive realization_ \u201ddoes not relieve states from the obligation to urgently,\n\npromptly and effectively addressing acute health crises and needs. As the Committee on\n\nEconomic, social and Cultural Rights explained in its General Comment, No 14 on the Right to\n\nhighest attainable standard of health (art 12), para. 31: _\u201cThe progressive realization of the right_\n\n_to health over a period of time should not be interpreted as depriving States parties\u2019 obligations of_\n\n_all meaningful content. Rather, progressive realization means that States parties have a specific_\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_and continuing obligation to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full_\n\n_realization of article 12.\u201d_\n\n\n6. As with other social rights, the right to the _\u201chighest attainable standard of physical and mental_\n\n_health\u201d_ requires States party to the ICESCR \u201c _to take steps, individually and through international_\n\n_assistance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available_\n\n_resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the_\n\n_present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative meas-_\n\n_ures\u201d._ _[vii]_ The explicit reference to international assistance and co-operation clarifies that co-oper\nation with and assistance offered through or with support by UNHCR is one means for States to\n\nfulfill their human rights obligations under the ICESCR including in relation to refugees.\n\n\n7. UNHCR has a mandate to provide international protection to refugees pursuing the objective\n\nto _\u201cassure refugees the widest possible exercise of [their] fundamental rights and freedoms\u201d_, [viii]\n\n\nwhich, taking into account the dynamic development of international human rights law,\n\nentails the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.\n\n\n8. While this mandate is primarily exercised by promoting policies and practices and assisting\n\nStates (e.g. through capacity building measures, including advice and technical assistance) to\n\nfulfill their protection obligations vis-\u00e0-vis persons of concern to UNHCR,substitutional meas\nures and the provision of direct assistance, including medical assistance, is one well estab\nlished means of exercising UNHCR\u2019s international protection mandate, in particular where\n\nStates are unable or unwilling to fully fulfill their human rights obligations vis-\u00e0-vis refugees\n\nand other persons of concern to UNHCR.\n\n\n9. This does not give the individual refugee a subjective right vis-\u00e0-vis UNHCR on a specific form\n\nof assistance, such as ARVs. However, if UNHCR engages in the direct provision of medical\n\nassistance, such must be oriented at the highest attainable standard of physical and mental\n\nhealth and must be offered without discrimination.Although the principle of non-discrimina\ntion would not prohibit a differentiation in the policy, such as preferential treatment for\n\nwomen and children in certain circumstances, any such differentiation would have to be\n\nbased on the most updated medical knowledge,with a full appreciation of the situation of the\n\npersons concerned, as well as on legitimate objectives and consistent with the principle of\n\nproportionality.\n\n\n10. The following more detailed _sections_ on key considerations and principles governing the use of\n\nARVs in UNHCR\u2019s operations\u201d (see E and F) serve to translate the above human rights-based\n\nconsiderations into operational practice while ensuring necessary consent and confidentiality.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **E) Key considerations governing the provision and use** **of ARVs in UNHCR operations**\n\n1. Refugees often live for years in **relatively stable settings** in their host country. By the end of\n\n2003, refugee populations remained in their host country for an average of 17 years. [10]\n\n\n2. A minority of refugees in numerous countries are already finding their own **innovative ways**\n\n**to begin ARVs** .\n\n\n3. The increase of ARV **resistance** by stopping and then re-starting the therapy in a controlled\n\nfashion is not considered to be more of a risk for populations that have been displaced by con\nflict than other populations. The largest threat to developing ARV resistance remains persons\n\ntaking ARVs in an incorrect manner; this threat is no larger for forcibly displaced populations\n\nthan other populations. [6]\n\n#### **F) Key principles governing the provision and use** **of ARVs in UNHCR\u2019s operations**\n\n\n1. Facilities and services providing HIV testing and the possibility of the provision of ARVs where\n\nmedically indicated [6] should be planned for and included in the **earliest possible stages of an**\n\n**emergency response** to forced displacement. [16]\n\n\n2. **Continuity of ART** is a priority in order to ensure treatment effectiveness and avoid the pos\nsibility of developing resistance. UNHCR and its partners should attempt to ensure as a prior\nity that ART continues to be provided to persons who were previously taking ART before con\nflict and/or displacement.\n\n\n3. As with all public health interventions, refugees should receive **equivalent services** as those\n\navailable to surrounding host communities while ensuring that minimum essential services\n\nare provided; [3,17] this refers to all types of settings (e.g. camps and outside of camps).\n\n\n4. Interventions are to be initiated only where and once the **minimum criteria to implement**\n\n**such activities** (relating for example to the availability of resources, sufficiently trained per\nsons, protocols, confidentiality, supervision) [3] as established in internationally agreed upon\n\nguidelines are met.\n\n\n5. **Diagnostic and treatment protocols should follow those of the host community** unless\n\nthey are ineffective, non-evidenced based or do not respect consent and confidentiality (e.g.\n\nchloroquine treatment for malaria in chloroquine resistant areas). [3]\n\n\n6. **Sustainability** of ART is a key challenge to be addressed.In principle treatment should be life\n\nlong. However, this may not always be possible to guarantee in developing and underdevel\noped countries regardless of whether they are affected by conflict or displacement. Many\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "large HIV donors provide funds for 2 to 4 years with the possibility, but not a guarantee, of\n\nfuture funding; this is distinct from humanitarian donors who often provide funding for one\n\nyear. [2] _**UNHCR recommends having a minimum of 1 year funding secured before the imple-**_\n\n_**mentation of therapeutic (long term) ART programmes is started.**_ The goal is to have\n\nrenewed funding so that ART can be continuous for those persons that need it.\n\n\n7. _**\u201cPilot\u201d**_ **programmes** are possible to provide an important service to refugees and other per\nsons of concern with the hope of stimulating a similar service for the local populations; they\n\nshould be implemented in line with national policies to ensure harmonisation (e.g.the _\u201cThree-_\n\n_one_ s _\u201d_ [ix] )\n\n#### **G) Essential ARV and ART interventions**\n\n\nEssential provision of ARV and ART interventions are listed below with a view to setting out\n\nwhat type of interventions should be made available to refugees under which circumstances.\n\nUNHCR offices will need to carefully assess the availability of these different types of ARVs and\n\nART for all refugees and other persons of concern in the country of operation so as to identi\nfy possible gaps,and to assess the need for capacity building measures,promotional activities\n\nserving the inclusion of refugees into existing ARV and ART programmes or the establishment\n\nof UNHCR (co-)funded ARV and ART programmes.\n\n\n1. **Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)**\n\nTwenty-eight (28) day course of ARVs that reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission\n\nafter exposure to a possible HIV positive source:\n\n\na. The provision of PEP is an essential response within the clinical management of\n\nrape and part of the sexual and gender based violence programmes for\n\nrefugees, IDPs and other persons of concern to UNHCR. [3,8,13]\n\n\nb. Non-occupational (e.g. cases of rape) exposure to HIV, a person should receive\n\nPEP within 72 hours after exposure, following host country or UN guidelines. [8]\n\n\nc. All occupational (e.g. needle stick) exposure in line with the UN and NGO occu\npational guidelines for provision of PEP.\n\n\n2. **Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT)**\n\nProvision of ARVs to an HIV positive pregnant woman and newborn to reduce the\n\nlikelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child:\n\n\na. PMTCT programmes should be implemented for refugees as soon as feasible.\n\nb. In cases of repatriation to sites with unknown or poor access to ARVs, similar to\n\ntreatment for tuberculosis, the pregnant woman and her family should be\n\nadvised to delay repatriation until after delivery in order to complete PMTCT.\n\nc. If PTMCT programmes exist in areas of return, cross-border programmes should\n\nbe established to coordinate PTMCT follow-up and referrals for those pregnant\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women who have been diagnosed early in pregnancy and who insist upon repa\ntriation, in order to ensure they and their newborns receive appropriate care,\n\ntreatment and follow-up.\n\nd. PMTCT programmes should be as comprehensive as possible and at a minimum\n\ninclude comprehensive maternal-child healthcare;counselling and testing servic\nes; counselling and support about safe infant feeding practices, optimal obstetri\ncal care practices; short-course ARVs for HIV infected pregnant women and new\nborn;family planning counselling and services linked to voluntary counselling and\n\ntesting.Such programmes must follow international standards and norms. [7]\n\n\ne. Other components of PMTCT, such as long term ART and care of the mother\n\nshould be considered in all PMTCT programmes.\n\n\n3. **Therapeutic (long term) provision of ART**\n\nThis intervention refers to the provision of ART to HIV positive persons who fit the\n\nmedical criteria for ART (which is lifelong) and requires a differentiated policy\n\napproach for different scenarios, with the view to secure the essential sustainability\n\nof treatment.The following scenarios must be distinguished:\n\n\na. _For refugees, who had been on ART in their country of origin prior to flight, every_\n\n_effort should be made to secure prompt continuation of treatment._\n\ni. If ART is available in the area/district where the refugee stays, the refugee\n\nshould be referred to the existing facilities without delay in order to contin\nue ART.\n\nii. If ART is not available in the area/district, action should be taken without\n\ndelay to either move the refugee and his/her family to a suitable location\n\nwhere treatment is possible or to bring services to the concerned area in a\n\nconcerted effort involving UNHCR, the HIV UN Theme Group (of which\n\nUNHCR is a member), the host Government, and NGOs.\n\n\nb. _For refugees, who did not receive ART prior to their flight, at a minimum, ART should_\n\n_be provided when such treatment is available to surrounding populations._\n\n - Every situation is different and depending upon the HIV prevalence of the\n\nvarious populations, availability of HIV earmarked funds, and other factors,\n\ndeviations from this principle may occur during the scaling up period of ART.\n\n\nc. _In situations where voluntary repatriation is considered imminent the following_\n\n_considerations should govern the decision to commence ART._\n\ni. ART is a lifesaving treatment and should be considered for refugees regard\nless of whether repatriation is imminent.\n\nii. If ART is already available in the country of origin and accessible upon\n\nreturn,there is no reason to abstain from or delay the start of ART.However,\n\nmeasures to secure the continuity of treatment of returnees under ART\n\nmust form an integral component of the planning of the repatriation oper\nation.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - It must be agreed that in exercise of their freedom of movement,\n\nreturnees should be allowed and assisted to return to areas where con\ntinuation of ART can be secured.\n\n - UNHCR with UN HIV Theme Groups,NGOs and Governments must work\n\nto ensure that there is good communication and strong linkages with\n\nnational programmes in both countries (or with other organisations if\n\nGovernments are not providing ART to these populations).These inter\nventions should preferably be an integral part of the health systems\n\nand not be parallel programmes.\n\n - Issues such as ART protocols, adherence and other key factors need to\n\nbe considered beforehand, hence the need for regional/subregional\n\ninitiatives that can harmonise drug and treatment protocols.\n\niii. If ART is not and cannot promptly be made available within the country of ori\ngin upon return, the refugee should be informed about this fact and receive\n\ncomprehensive counselling on the medical situation and on the options avail\nable for him or her,including on the possibilities to (temporarily) remain in the\n\ncountry of asylum,thereby allowing him or her to make an informed decision.\n\n - If a refugee does not wish to repatriate because lifesaving medicine is\n\nnot available upon return, UNHCR, respecting the voluntary nature of\n\nrepatriation, cannot actively be engaged in returning the individual\n\nand must take the utmost efforts to advocate for this person to be per\nmitted to stay in the country of asylum on humanitarian grounds until\n\nsufficient medical services will be established in the country of origin.\n\n - During that time,UNHCR,UN HIV Theme Group and other organisations\n\nshould advocate for and aid in the coordination of ART to be available\n\nin the country of origin and in particular in areas to where the repatri\nates return.This may include innovative solutions such as:\n\nCross-border ART provision.\n\nWorking with NGOs to establish ART programmes in specific areas\n\nwhile Government prepares to do so in the longer term.\n\nSupport person to stay in part of country of origin where ART is\n\navailable until treatment becomes available in area of origin.\n\n\nd. _Voluntary repatriation for those who are already on ART._\n\n - Refer to G)3.c.ii-iii, while noting in particular that where a refugee is already\n\non ART and insists on voluntary repatriation, although ART is not and can\nnot promptly be made available upon return within the country of origin,\n\nproper counselling must ensure that the refugee fully understands the\n\nmedical consequences of discontinuing the treatment.This counselling and\n\nthe informed decision of the refugee must be properly documented.\n\ne. _Different ART protocols between host country to county of origin_\n\n - National ART protocols should be followed except under certain circum\nstances (see F.5)\n\n - Advice may be needed when changing from one protocol to another.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **H) How should provision of essential ARV and ART intervention** **for refugees be secured?**\n\nFunding ARV and ART interventions is not limited solely to the cost of the medications.\n\nNumerous other associated costs with the provision of treatment need to be considered,\n\nincluding but not limited to transport, lab tests, and treatment of side effects. Depending on\n\nthe size and profile of the refugee population,there are a variety of practical options available\n\nfor the provision of ARVs and ART. Options include but are not limited to the following: utilis\ning existing Government services; integration of ARVs and ART provision into existing part\nners\u2019 programmes that are already providing medical services; a specific implementing or\n\noperational partner focussing on such provision; a partner medical practitioner or refund\n\nscheme allowing a refugee to receive the necessary treatment from the private sector with\n\nreimbursement to the provider.\n\n\n1. **Post-Exposure Prophylaxis**\n\na. PEP is an essential intervention with a limited course of 28 days (see G.1). [8,13] It is\n\napart of WHO\u2019s Essential Medication list. UNHCR must ensure that PEP is avail\nable in all of its programmes during all phases. If Governments, other UN agen\ncies or NGOs are not providing PEP, UNHCR should arrange for such treatment\n\nthrough its own programmes and financial resources.\n\n\n2. **Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission**\n\na. PMTCT is an essential intervention with a limited timeframe (i.e.provided to woman\n\nduring her pregnancy and labour (depending upon protocol) as well as to the new\nborn;therapeutic ART intervention for the women is discussed below \u2013see G.2).\n\nb. When appropriate and feasible,PMTCT should be provided in refugee situations.\n\nIf Governments, other UN agencies or NGOs are not providing PMTCT, UNHCR\n\nshould arrange for such treatment through its own programmes and financial\n\nresources.\n\n\n3. **Therapeutic (long term) provision of ART**\n\na. Therapeutic ART is an essential intervention that requires long-term and sus\ntained treatment. It is apart of WHO\u2019s Essential Medication list.\n\nb. Whenever possible, the host Government should pay the cost of ART for\n\nrefugees by including them in their national programmes and funding propos\nals.Since many low income countries host refugees,most if not all of these funds\n\nwill come from donors. There are numerous reasons why host Governments\n\nshould cover the cost of ART for refugees:\n\n - Human rights considerations (see D).\n\n - Substantial international donor funding from multilateral and bilateral\n\nsources is available to support host Governments to extend ART to refugee\n\npopulations; this funding is primarily provided to Governments and not to\n\nUN agencies.Hence,Governments can include populations of humanitarian\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "concern, including refugees and other persons of concern to UNHCR, in\n\ntheir HIV fund raising activities and proposals to donors. This mechanism\n\nwill not reduce the amount of funds provided to their citizens and will be\n\nmore cost-effective than creating parallel systems.\n\n - The number of refugees needing ART is very small compared with the\n\napproximately 6.5 million persons worldwide who are estimated to need\n\nART at present; of the 8.9 million refugees of concern to UNHCR [x] approxi\nmately 25,000-35,000 would currently need ART. Therefore, it would be\n\nmuch more efficient for host countries to provide ART to refugees through\n\nnational health facilities, in conjunction with those organisations already\n\nworking with refugees, than for another entity to do so on its own.\n\n - On a case by case basis, UNHCR or NGOs who have earmarked funds of at\n\nleast 1 year may decide to pay for long term ART while continuing to advo\ncate for the inclusion of refugees in the host country\u2019s ART programme.\n\n#### **I) References:**\n\n\n1. WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents in resource-limited settings: towards universal access;\nhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/adult/en/. Geneva, 2006 revision.\n\n2. UNAIDS, UNHCR. Strategies to support the HIV-related needs of refugees and host populations. Geneva: UNAIDS Best Practice\nCollection, 2005.\n\n3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. HIV and Refugees Strategic Plan 2005-07. Geneva: UNHCR, 2005.\n\n4. UNHCR. Field Experience: Evaluation of the introduction of post-exposure prophylaxis in the clinical management of rape survivors in Kibondo refugee camps, Tanzania. Geneva: UNHCR, 2005.\n\n5. UNHCR, WFP. Integration of HIV/AIDS activities with food and nutrition support in refugee settings: specific programme strategies. Geneva: UNHCR and WFP, 2004.\n\n6. WHO. HIV drug resistance; http://www.who.int/hiv/drugresistance/en/. Geneva, 2006.\n\n7. WHO. Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants in resource-limited settings:\ntowards universal access; http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/pmtct/en/index.html. Geneva, 2006.\n\n8. WHO, UNHCR. Clinical management of rape survivors. Geneva, 2004.\n\n9. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2006. Global refugee trends; http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STATISTICS/4486ceb12.pdf. Geneva, 2005.\n\n10. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Protracted Refugee Situations, Standing Committee 30th meeting.\nEC/54/SC/CRP.14. Geneva, 10 June 2004.\n\n11. United Nations General Assembly. Declaration of commitment on HIV/AIDS. Geneva: United Nations and UNAIDS, 2001.\n\n12. Spiegel PB. HIV/AIDS among conflict-affected and displaced populations: dispelling myths and taking action. _Disasters_ .\n2004; **28** (3):322-339.\n\n13. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). Guidelines for HIV/AIDS interventions in emergency settings. Geneva: IASC reference\ngroup, 2004.\n\n14. Spiegel P, Harroff-Tavel H. HIV/AIDS in internally displaced persons in 8 priority countries. Geneva: UNHCR and IDD, OCHA, 2005.\n\n15. Spiegel P, Nankoe A. UNHCR, HIV/AIDS and refugees: lessons learned. _Forced Migration Review_ 2004; **19** :21-23.\n\n16. Ellman T, Culbert H, Torres-Feced V. Treatment of AIDS in conflict-affected settings: a failure of imagination. _Lancet_\n2005; **365** (9456):278-80.\n\n17. Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response. The Sphere project: humanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster\nresponse. Geneva: Sphere Project, 2004.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **J) Endnotes**\n\ni\nThe \u20183x5\u2019Initiative set out to provide 3 million persons in developed countries ART by 2005; at the recent G-8 summit in Glen Eagles\n\n(2005) there was a call to go beyond this initiative to have universal access for all by 2010.\n\nii\nMoreover, article 24 of the 1951 Convention foresees equal treatment with respect to \u201csocial security\u201d, subject only to narrowly con\nfined limitations.\n\niii\nSimilarly in art 24 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child \u201c _State parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the_\n\n_highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health_ \u201d, and the provision fur\nther specifies related appropriate measures to be taken by a State Party.\n\niv\nArt 12, para 1 ICESCR reads: \u201c _The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest_\n\n_attainable standard of physical and mental health\u201d._\n\nv\nAs all ICESCR rights, the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health has to be respected, protected and\n\nfulfilled without discrimination as codified in Art 2 para 2 CESCR according to which \u201c _The States Parties to the present Covenant under-_\n\n_take to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race,_\n\n_colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.\u201d_ In view of the close\n\nlinkages between the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health with the right to life as explicitly pro\ntected by art 6 of the ICCPR reference may also be made to the General Comment 31 (CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13) of the Human Rights\n\nCommittee on The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, (para 10), in which the\n\nCommittee expresses that \u201c _States Parties are required by article 2, paragraph 1, to respect and to ensure the Covenant rights to all per-_\n\n_sons who may be within their territory and to all persons subject to their jurisdiction. This means that a State party must respect and_\n\n_ensure the rights laid down in the Covenant to anyone within the power or effective control of that State Party, even if not situated with-_\n\n_in the territory of the State Party\u2026 the enjoyment of Covenant rights is not limited to citizens of States Parties but must also be avail-_\n\n_able to all individuals, regardless of nationality or statelessness, such as asylum seekers, refugees, migrant workers and other persons,_\n\n_who may find themselves in the territory or subject to the jurisdiction of the State Party.\u201d_\n\nvi\nArt. 12, para 2 ICESCR: _\u201cThe steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right_\n\n_shall include those necessary for: (a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy_\n\n_development of the child; (b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene; (c) The prevention, treatment and_\n\n_control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases; (d) The creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service_\n\n_and medical attention in the event of sickness.\u201d_\n\nvii\nArt 2 para 1 ICESCR: \u201c _Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assis-_\n\n_tance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progres-_\n\n_sively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption_\n\n_of legislative measures.\u201d_\n\nviii\nPreamble to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.\n\nix\nUNAIDS\u2019 _\u201cThree Ones\u201d_ principles, to achieve the most effective and efficient use of resources, and to ensure rapid action and results\nbased management: One agreed HIV/AIDS Action Framework that provides the basis for coordinating the work of all partners. One\n\nNational AIDS Coordinating Authority, with a broad-based multisectoral mandate. One agreed country-level Monitoring and\n\nEvaluation System.\n\nx\nThis excludes those Palestinian refugees that are covered by another UN entity, UNWRA.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/78c7a59d-7254-36b1-a834-b51caca748e6/4684C0A72B97A38D85257301005DB998-unhcr-ARVsandRefugees-Jan2007.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_840/raw/doc_840_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_840/raw/doc_840_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cd9f731fc8f78b539a27bb10f3da1b6a6f5b4dbb..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_840/raw/doc_840_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,810 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "This Protection Analysis Update has been prepared by\n\nthe Protection Sector Pakistan in collaboration with\n\nthe GBV Child Protection Sub-sectors.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 1. INTRODUCTION\n\nUnprecedented torrential rains in Pakistan starting in June 2022\ntriggered one of the worst floods in decades in the country.\nMeteorological organizations reported that nationwide rainfall\nduring the 2022 monsoon season is 2.87 times higher than the\nnational 30-year average. [1] It is estimated that over 33 million people,\naround 15% of the total population, have been affected by floods,\ncausing human and livestock casualties. Authorities report that more\nthan 1,600 people have died and 12,865 have been injured since midJune 2022, including 579 children killed and over 4,000 children\ninjured. [2] There has been widespread destruction of homes, with\nmore than 2 million homes damaged or destroyed, and\ninfrastructure, including roads, health clinics and schools. More than\n7.9 million people have become internally displaced persons (IDPs),\nof whom nearly 600,000 have been living in relief camps and millions\nliving in thousands of other makeshift temporary sites. [3]\n\nIn light of the above, the purpose of the first Protection Analysis\nUpdate (PAU) is to:\n\n(1) Present the methodology for determining People in Need (PiN)\n\nand prioritisation of districts for protection interventions based\non the Global Protection Cluster Severity Score methodology;\n(2) Prioritise protection risks identified through the Multi-Sectoral\n\nRapid Needs Assessments (MSRNAs) and informed by the\nProtection Analytical Framework (PAF) developed by the Global\nProtection Cluster which aims to track a standardised set of\nprotection risks across emergencies; and\n(3) Propose recommendations to address the prioritised protection\n\nrisks.\n\n\n1 The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): Monsoon 2022 Daily Situation Report,\ndated 2 [nd] Oct 2022\n2 The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): latest Monsoon 2022 Daily Situation\nReports, dated 2 [nd] Oct 2022 (www.ndma.gov.pk)\n\n\n\nThis report has been developed through a desk review of data and\nreports from various sources including Pakistan Protection Sector\nmember monitoring reports, the Multi-sectoral Rapid Needs\nAssessments (MSRNA) and other secondary sources. Through this\nanalysis, key protection risks are identified to inform humanitarian\nresponse planning led by the Government of the Pakistan (GoP),\nprioritize protection interventions, identify areas of intervention for\nstrengthening mainstreaming efforts and guide advocacy. It is noted\nthat operational constraints have impacted data collection required\nfor gathering information among humanitarian actors and local\nauthorities. Verification of displacement figures in particular is\nchallenging given access constraints in the flooded affected areas of\nthe country.\n\n### 2. CONTEXT\n\n\nThe Pakistan Protection Sector has used a severity scale methodology\nto calculate the number of People in Need for protection services as\na result of the floods. The severity scale is a measuring tool to score\nand identify the geographical areas most affected by the crisis. The\nseverity ranking used by the Protection Sector is the same as the JIAF\nInter-sectoral severity scale (from level 1 up to 5 as the most critical).\nIndicators included: whether the government has declared an\nemergency in the district, the percentage of population potentially\nexposed, the number of damaged houses, percentage of population\ndisplaced, the consolidation of pre-existing district level child\nprotection and GBV data, and the IPC alert analysis. In addition to\nthis, consideration was given to government-prioritised districts,\ndistricts measuring Severity level 3 and above were included in the\ncalculation of the Protection Sector PIN. As such, the Pakistan\nProtection Sector estimates **that 13.5 million people are in need of**\n**protection in Pakistan**, of which 54% are children.\n\n\n3 Revised 2022 Floods Response Plan Pakistan, issued 4 October:\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/revised-pakistan-2022-floods-response-plan-01-sep2022-31-may-2023-issued-04-oct-2022\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sectoral\n\nRapid Needs Assessments", - "confidence": 0.6386200785636902, - "start": 250, - "end": 254 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSRNAs", - "confidence": 0.6499478220939636, - "start": 255, - "end": 256 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Global Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.8517801761627197, - "start": 234, - "end": 237 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6699426770210266, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.6931888461112976, - "start": 157, - "end": 160 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monsoon 2022 Daily Situation Report", - "confidence": 0.985105037689209, - "start": 309, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8462740778923035, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "The National Disaster Management Authority", - "confidence": 0.523518443107605, - "start": 300, - "end": 305 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9177103638648987, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.877755343914032, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9272583723068237, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Pakistan Protection Sector\nmember monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.5516988039016724, - "start": 365, - "end": 371 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSRNA", - "confidence": 0.6041337251663208, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.781570553779602, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5129378437995911, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "JIAF\nInter-sectoral severity scale", - "confidence": 0.7192816734313965, - "start": 534, - "end": 538 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.7319456934928894, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Sector PIN", - "confidence": 0.958296537399292, - "start": 627, - "end": 630 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Pakistan\nProtection Sector", - "confidence": 0.5188918113708496, - "start": 635, - "end": 638 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.984460175037384, - "start": 635, - "end": 636 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The 15 districts have been classified in the highest category of\nseverity 5 are: Kashmore, Shikarpur, Jacobabad, Kambar Shahdad\nKot, Larkana, Dadu, Naushahro Feroze, Shaheed Benazir Abad,\nJamshoro, Thatta, Sujawal, Mirpur Khas, Umer Kot in Sindh Province\nand D.I Khan in Khyber Pakthunkwa. The 9 districts that have been\nclassified as severity 4 are: Gwadar, Harnai, Kharan, Killa Abdullah,\nNushki, and Panjgur in Balochistan, Tank in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and\nBadin, Sanghar in Sindh.\n\n\n#### **People in Need (PiN)**\n\n\n|Adults|Col2|Children|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Men|Women|Boys|Girls|\n|**3,098,152**|**3,098,152**|**4,175,770**|**3,098,152**|\n|**Total PiN: 13,470,225 **|**Total PiN: 13,470,225 **|**Total PiN: 13,470,225 **|**Total PiN: 13,470,225 **|\n|||||\n|**GBV People in Need (PiN)**|**GBV People in Need (PiN)**|**GBV People in Need (PiN)**|**GBV People in Need (PiN)**|\n|**Adults**|**Adults**|**Children**|**Children**|\n|Men|Women|Boys|Girls|\n|**874,109**|**3,989,977**|**251,456**|**712,496**|\n|**Total PiN: 5,828,037**|**Total PiN: 5,828,037**|**Total PiN: 5,828,037**|**Total PiN: 5,828,037**|\n|||||\n|**CP People in Need (PiN)**|**CP People in Need (PiN)**|**CP People in Need (PiN)**|**CP People in Need (PiN)**|\n|**Adults**|**Adults**|**Children**|**Children**|\n|Men|Women|Boys|Girls|\n|**2,284,200**|**2,284,200**|**2,030,400**|**1,945,800**|\n|**Total PiN: 8,544,600 **|**Total PiN: 8,544,600 **|**Total PiN: 8,544,600 **|**Total PiN: 8,544,600 **|\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 3. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Forced
Displacement|Gender-based
violence (GBV) &
Access to GBV
services|Theft, destruction
of personal
property and loss
of civil
documentation|\n|---|---|---|\n|
**Psychological**
**Distress**|**Harmful coping**
**mechanisms for**
**children**||\n\n\n\nMulti-Sectoral Rapid Needs Assessments (MSRNA) were conducted\nutilizing key information interview (KIIs) methodology to advise\nprogramming and strategy for humanitarian actors and government\nin a quickly changing environment. The first MSRNA was conducted\nin Baluchistan in August 2022 [4] and was further rolled out in Sindh,\nPunjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in October 2022. [5] According to the\nfindings on the MSRNAs informed by the Global Protection Cluster\nProtection Analytical Framework (PAF), as well as field reporting and\nassessments conducted, the prioritized Protection Risks are\nidentified as:\n\n - Forced Displacement\n\n - Gender-based violence (GBV) and access to GBV services\n\n - Theft, destruction of personal property and loss of civil\ndocumentation\n\n - Psychological distress\n\n - Harmful coping mechanisms for children\n\n\n4 https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/rapid-need-assessment-flood-emergency-balochistanand-kp-aug-2022\n5 https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-multi-sector-rapid-needs-assessmentflood-affected-areas-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-punjab-and-sindh-september-2022\n\n\n##### Protection risk 1: Forced Displacement\n\nApproximately 7.9 million people have been estimated to have been\ndisplaced as a result of the flooding. The displacement ratio was\nsignificantly higher in Sindh where over 40% of the affected\npopulation has been displaced. [6] The districts which were reported to\nhave the highest proportion of those displaced include Dadu,\nJamshoro, Kambar Shahdadkot, Nowshero Feroze, Sanghar and\nShaheed Benazirabad.\n\nPersons living with pre-existing vulnerabilities face higher risks in\ndisasters and in situations of displacement. Persons living with\ndisabilities are disproportionately more likely to be left behind in\nemergency responses and to fail to benefit from humanitarian\nservices due to a range of environmental, physical and social barriers.\nAccording to the ADDTF, approximately 5 million persons living with\ndisabilities have been affected by the floods as well as 2 million\nelderly people aged above 60 years. [7] In addition, transgender\nindividuals frequently encounter barriers accessing health services,\nincluding mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services,\nas well as services that are respectful of their identities and\nappropriate for their health needs.\n\n\n6 2022 Multi-Sector Rapid Needs Assessment September 2022\n7 Findings from the survey with humanitarian actors on the inclusion of older people and\npersons with disabilities in the flood response, Age, Disability and Diversity Task Force, October\n2022, pages 2-3\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Sectoral Rapid Needs Assessments", - "confidence": 0.6043223142623901, - "start": 115, - "end": 119 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSRNA", - "confidence": 0.8730255961418152, - "start": 120, - "end": 121 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Baluchistan", - "confidence": 0.9395998120307922, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8983908891677856, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5793203711509705, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSRNA", - "confidence": 0.966108500957489, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Global Protection Cluster\nProtection Analytical Framework", - "confidence": 0.6845172643661499, - "start": 190, - "end": 196 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Baluchistan", - "confidence": 0.7659905552864075, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9453829526901245, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2022 Multi-Sector Rapid Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9125917553901672, - "start": 464, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9864730834960938, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9934578537940979, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9186956286430359, - "start": 464, - "end": 465 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people and\npersons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.5631158351898193, - "start": 483, - "end": 489 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In districts with a high proportion of displacement, the key protection\nrisks that were reported by key informants include the below.\n\n\n\nIn districts with a high proportion of displacement, the specific\nconcerns affecting women and girls reported by key informants\ninclude the below.\n\n#### Most reported risks affecting women and girls in districts with high displacement\n\n\nLack of information pertaining to\u2026\n\n\nWomen and girls are not consulted\u2026\n\n\nPriority for aid distribution given to\u2026\n\n\nIncrease in child marriages\n\n\nHouse/dwelling is insecure/has no\u2026\n\n\nNot enough privacy at home\n\n\nUnable to access services/resources\n\n\nTrafficking\n\n\nBeing asked to marry by their\u2026\n\n\nSecurity risk in the place where you\u2026\n\n\nRisk of attack when moving within\u2026\n\n\nRisk of attack when travelling\u2026\n\n\nViolence in the home\n\n\nSexual Violence/abuse\n\n\nNo safe place in community\n\n\n0 50 100 150 200 250 300\n\n\nDadu Jamshoro\n\n\nKambar Shahdad Kot Naushahro Feroze\n\n\nSanghar Shaheed Benazir Abad\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As the majority of the displaced and affected families reside outside\nformal camps, many of them sleep on the roads, on open spaces or\nin makeshift accommodations without basic services, including\nWASH facilities, and very limited privacy and security. This exposes\nthem, children in particular, to physical risks and to unsafe and\nunhealthy environments. Risks of animal bites (mainly from wild dogs\nand snakes) rank high in problems described by key informants, in\naddition to the potential spread of water and vector-borne diseases.\n\nAccording to 7% of the key informants, there were few children who\nwere not living with their parents (neither father nor mother) or usual\ncaregivers because of floods. Out of those key informants, two-thirds\nreported that most children separated from their usual caregivers\nwere being cared for in kinship/extended family care arrangements,\n10% mentioned neighbors, 7% reported community members and\n8% child-headed households.\n\n#### % of KIs responding there are girls/boys not living with their parents (top10)\n\n\n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%\n\n\nDADU\nKAMBAR SHAHDAD KOT\n\nMATIARI\nRAJANPUR\n\nTANK\nJAMSHORO\nKOHISTAN UPPER\n\nSHIKARPUR\nDERA GHAZI KHAN\n\nMIRPUR KHAS\n\n\n\n**Capacities to address the protection risk**\n\n\nMSRNA conducted in Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab\nmeasured perceived needs to enable those displaced to return home.\n34% of key informants stated that the key need is rehabilitation of\nhomes in the area of origin, 26% indicated improved livelihood\nopportunities in the area of origin, 20% indicated improved access to\nbasic services in the area of origin and 13% indicated improved safety\nand security in the area of origin. Districts which indicated high needs\nfor improvements to access to livelihoods and basic services include\nBadin, Jacobabad, Jamshoro, Kambar Shahdadkot and Nawshero\nFeroze in Sindh province.\n\nIn a recent development, the GoP has announced plans to relocate\nIDPs from various small spontaneous sites to the larger \u201ctent city\u201d\nsettlements established by the GoP in the early weeks of the\nresponse. More information on this relocation process, the location\nof all of these \u201ctent cities\u201d and the protection concerns therein is\nbeing sought. Meanwhile, in some areas, it is reported that some IDPs\nhave begun returning to their home areas. More information on\nreturn movements, locations, and protection concerns in areas of\nreturn is required.\n\n##### Protection risk 2: Gender-based Violence (GBV) & Access to GBV Services\n\nDisplacement resulting from damaged houses has a strong impact on\nwomen and girls in terms of privacy, safety and security, and access\nto basic needs. The Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS)\n2017-18 reflects that 34 percent of ever married women (age 15 to\n49) have experienced spousal physical, sexual, or emotional violence\nwith province-wise prevalence at 48% in Balochistan 43% in Khyber\nPakhtunkhwa, 18% in Sindh and 32% in Punjab. Women and girls are\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSRNA", - "confidence": 0.9740692973136902, - "start": 231, - "end": 232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab", - "confidence": 0.5639883875846863, - "start": 234, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.8481252789497375, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9998323917388916, - "start": 490, - "end": 495 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9263052940368652, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PDHS", - "confidence": 0.9989660978317261, - "start": 496, - "end": 497 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9285293221473694, - "start": 490, - "end": 491 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.9963036775588989, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ever married women", - "confidence": 0.8347293138504028, - "start": 504, - "end": 507 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "considered to be the most at-risk across the affected provinces. [8]\nEvidence from global humanitarian crises confirm that GBV risks are\nexacerbated during such situations. Although the MSRNA was not\nintended to estimate GBV prevalence, the PDHS provides a baseline\nto assess the pre-existing GBV situation in the country.\n\nAdolescent girls during the current crisis situation are vulnerable and\n#### % of KIs who said women, girls, men, boys are most at risk of violence (top 5 women & girls)\n\n\nWomen Girls Men Boys\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nSHAHEED BENAZIR ABAD\n\n\nLARKANA\n\n\nDADU\n\n\nSANGHAR\n\n\nKHAIRPUR\n\n\nat increased risk of coercion, GBV and child marriage. Moreover, due\nto the disruption to the education system and damage to the\ninfrastructure [9] caused by flooding, a substantial increase in the\n\n\n8 The PDHS 2017-18 interviewed households, 94% of ever-married women aged 15-49 in\nPakistan, 97% in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and 94% in Gilgit Baltistan were interviewed. In the\nsubsample of households selected for the male survey, 87% of ever-married men aged 15-49\nin Pakistan, 94% in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and 84% in Gilgit Baltistan were successfully\ninterviewed.\n\n\n\nnumber of out of school adolescents [10] is expected, leaving them\nwithout a routine and more vulnerable to psychological issues\n(trauma, stress, anxiety etc.) and protection risks. Furthermore,\nwithout essential information about their sexual and reproductive\nhealth, their health and wellbeing will be at risk.\n\n#### % of KIs reporting top risks for women and girls\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%\n\n\nNo safe place in community\n\n\nRisk of attack when travelling\u2026\n\n\nViolence in the home\n\n\nWomen and girls are not consulted\u2026\n\n\nTrafficing\n\n\nSexual Violence/abouse\n\n\nNot enough privacy at home\n\n\nRisk of attack when moving within\u2026\n\n\nLack of information pertaining to\u2026\n\n\nIncrease in child marriages\n\n\nSecurity concerns for women and girls exist in all provinces of the\ncountry, with the highest levels of concern in Sindh province, and\nparticularly in the District of Shaheed Benazir Abad where\nrespondents reported that the targets at most risk of violence are\ngirls (95%) and women (88%) with no safe place for women and girls\n\n\n9 23,900 schools were damaged or destroyed in the floods, with more than 5,000 still used as\nrelief camps (UNICEF Sit Rep - Sep, 2022)\n10 22.8m adolescents aged 5-16 are out of school in Pakistan (Pakistan Education Statistics 201617)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSRNA", - "confidence": 0.5477820038795471, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5871924757957458, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.7674148082733154, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6020418405532837, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PDHS", - "confidence": 0.5729368329048157, - "start": 41, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6038896441459656, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.5742128491401672, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.8585073947906494, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.856194257736206, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "male survey", - "confidence": 0.9614287614822388, - "start": 197, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7940707802772522, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "PDHS", - "confidence": 0.7935380339622498, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.8166190981864929, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017-18", - "confidence": 0.9610537886619568, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8121895790100098, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Pakistan Education Statistics", - "confidence": 0.990147054195404, - "start": 475, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF Sit Rep", - "confidence": 0.8216978311538696, - "start": 453, - "end": 456 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pakistan", - "confidence": 0.9994552731513977, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "201617", - "confidence": 0.9118956923484802, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adolescents aged 5-16", - "confidence": 0.8659660816192627, - "start": 465, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in their community and very poor knowledge about GBV referral\nservices available (80%). Various forms of GBV, including sexual\nviolence, were reported to be a risk. There were reportedly limited\nconsultations with women and girls on their safety and wellbeing\nneeds, which contribute to rising GBV risks if the humanitarian\nresponse does not meet their specific needs or provide them with\nadequate/safe access to services.\n\nWhen asked if there are any specific concerns affecting women / girls,\nrespondents replied one of the most concerning issues is the lack of\nsafe place in community (62%), and therefore, the spread of\nharassment and sexual violence/abuse in their home (39%) and risk\nof attack when travelling outside home (51%).\n\n\n**Capacities to address the protection risk**\n\n\nThe pre-existing GBV issues in flood affected have several\ncontributing factors including socio-cultural barriers, economic\ndependency, lack of information, accessibility as well as lack of\nexistence of support systems such as health care and psycho-social\nsupport services. Although, the GBV prevalence statistics do not\nrepresent the full extent of cases, the risk of gender-based violence\nis exacerbated in times of emergencies as the public services become\noverstretched, gender norms that regulate social behavior are\nweakened, separation of family members, lack of opportunities for\nmeaningful participation and decision making for women, including\nin accessing relief services and goods are among few of several\ncontributing factors. The worsening of the situation is further\nhighlighted in the results of the MSRNAs. Women with disabilities\nhave been found to form one of the most socially excluded group in\nany displaced or conflict-affected community. They have difficulty\naccessing humanitarian assistance programs, due to a variety of\nsocietal, attitudinal, environmental and communication barriers, and\nare at greater risk of violence than their nondisabled peers. Women\nand girls with disabilities are \u2018particularly vulnerable to\n\n\n\ndiscrimination, exploitation and violence, including GBV, but they\nhave difficulty accessing support and services that could reduce their\nrisk and vulnerability.\n\n#### % of KIs in response to knowledge of GBV services (Top 10 \"No\")\n\n\n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%\n\n\nKOHISTAN UPPER\n\nDADU\n\nKOHISTAN LOWER\n\nSHIKARPUR\n\nLARKANA\n\nSWAT\n\nBADIN\n\nLOWER DIR\n\nUPPER DIR\n\nSHAHEED BENAZIR ABAD\n\n\nDo not know No Yes\n\n\nThe majority of respondents do not know what GBV services are\navailable to them in their area (Sindh 85%, Punjab 69% KP 82%),\nwhich severely limits the ability of women and girls to access\nlifesaving GBV services. Of those who reported knowledge of the GBV\nservices available, Punjab had the highest levels of awareness about\nthe availability of multi-sectoral GBV services, in particular awareness\nof health and security services. In KP province, there were the highest\nlevels of awareness about Psycho-social support services. Overall,\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV prevalence statistics", - "confidence": 0.9997703433036804, - "start": 196, - "end": 199 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "flood affected", - "confidence": 0.6314654350280762, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSRNAs", - "confidence": 0.9993793964385986, - "start": 280, - "end": 281 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Women with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7026224732398987, - "start": 282, - "end": 285 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "there was the most knowledge of how to access GBV services through\nhealth entry points. [11]\n\n##### Protection risk 3: Theft, destruction of personal property and loss of documentation\n\nTheft, robbery and looting is another protection risk flagged by key\ninformants in affected areas (37% of respondents). The nature of this\nprotection risk is linked to the overall insecurity of living in a situation\nof displacement, without secure shelters, and in some areas preexisting security risks. This is reflected in the priority needs identified\nby key informants who identified the need for further emergency\nshelter and tents (both were prioritized by 57% of the key\ninformants).\n\n#### % of KIs who mentioned Theft/Robbery/Looting as main protection concern (top 5)\n\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%\n\n\nChaman\n\n\nKhairpur\n\n\nJhal Magsi\n\n\nShikarpur\n\n\nNaushahro Feroze\n\n\n11 Based on RNA KI data in responses to questions,\u201d Do you know about GBV referral services\navailable to you\u201d and, \u201cWhich services provider are available?\u201d\n\n\n\nFactors that may be contributing to concerns about risks related to\ntheft, robbery and looting include challenges in accessing\nhumanitarian aid which is due to political interference as reported by\n31% of key informants, disputes between recipients at distribution\npoints as reported by 26% of key informants. Lack of documentation\nas reported by 20% of key informants across Sindh, Khyber\nPakhtunkwa and Punjab due to loss or destruction also poses a\nbarrier to accessing humanitarian aid. 29% of the key informants\nstated that children have lost their civil documentation (birth\nregistration certificates) which in some cases constitutes an\nimpediment to access assistance and social services, including\neducation, and heightens their exposure to protection risks. Further,\nthe priority needs that have been expressed by key informants\nindicate that basic needs are still unmet, which in addition to be a\nconcern in of itself, also heightens the risk of sexual exploitation and\nabuse.\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "RNA KI data", - "confidence": 0.9756149053573608, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "responses to questions", - "confidence": 0.6572982668876648, - "start": 181, - "end": 184 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.7809478640556335, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Capacities to address the protection risk**\n\n\nAccording to the MSRNA the top five needs in the next 1-3 months\nare food (89%), healthcare (59%), medicine (57%), shelters (47%) and\ndrinking water (47%). Without meeting basic needs, protection risks\nrelated to theft/robbery and looting are likely to continue, as affected\ncommunities face increasing pressures to meet their most basic\nneeds.\n\n##### Protection Risk 4: Psychological distress\n\nFloods have undermined the resilience and psychosocial well-being\nof children and their caregivers, leaving many experiencing distress\nand weakening their protective environment. More than 50% of key\ninformants in Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab reported that\nthey there was psychosocial and mental health issues in their\ncommunities, and notes that 81% feel nervous/anxious and 60% feel\ndepressed. In addition, according to key informants, 31% of girls, 35%\nof boys and 35% of caregivers are showing signs of stress.\nAssessments conducted by Child Protection actors have also\nindicated that one of the consequences of distress is an increase in\nthe cases of physical violence against children.\n\n\n**Capacities to address the protection risk**\n\n\nOverall, 60% of key informants reported that people in their\ncommunity are not seeking treatment and 35% indicated that people\nwere relying on self-medication and not consulting with doctors or\npsychologists. 84% of key informants could not identify any resource\npersons, community groups or institutions providing support to\nchildren. Among the small percentage of key informants who could\nidentify support structures, the most commonly cited was health\n(21%), while the least cited was psychosocial support (eight%).\n\n\n12 MISP calculator\n\n\n##### Protection risk 5: Harmful coping mechanisms for children\n\n18.1 million girls and boys under 18 years live in flood-affected areas\nand are at risk of multiple protection threats including different forms\nof abuse, neglect, exploitation, sexual violence, trafficking, and\nviolence. The floods are undermining the resilience and psychosocial\nwellbeing of children and their caregivers, leaving many experiencing\ndistress with limited or strained support systems. Before the\ndevasting floods, pre-existing inequalities, gender discrimination and\nsocietal norms exacerbated and put place girls, particularly\nadolescent girls, at additional risk of violence. This includes child\nmarriage and forms of sexual abuse and exploitation (rape,\nharassment, trafficking etc.) of children. The boys are also at a risk of\ngetting involved in child labor (including the worst forms of child\nlabor), migration or trafficking. Findings indicate that some families\nare already resorting to negative coping mechanisms to cope with\nloss of livelihoods and risks associated with displacement, for\nexample, 4% of key informants indicated an increase in child\nmarriage. Children who never went to school are at particular risk of\nchild labor and child marriage. Many others have also lost access to\neducation as many schools have either been closed or damaged,\nwhile many parents have lost the means to send them to school.\nChildren with disabilities, refugee children, girls and other\nmarginalized groups may also experience increased vulnerability,\nincluding due to disrupted access to essential services, and must be\ngiven specific consideration in the design and implementation of\nflood-related interventions.\n\nAn estimated 640,000 [12] adolescent girls during the current crisis\nsituation are vulnerable and at increased risk of coercion, GBV and\nchild marriage. Conflict and disasters create socio-economic\ninsecurity and safety issues for families, especially women-headed\nhouseholds and women living in camps, may also lead to increased\nchild marriages.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Assessments", - "confidence": 0.8807860612869263, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Child Protection actors", - "confidence": 0.7644976377487183, - "start": 196, - "end": 199 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.5099167227745056, - "start": 515, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Capacities to address the protection risk**\n\n\nGirls and boys are exposed to new physical risks and hazards as a\nresult of the floods, bringing a critical need to raise awareness and\nsupport mitigation measures to address these risks. The most\nconcerning data reported is if there are resource persons, community\ngroups or institutions that can provide support to children (under 18\nyears) in this community, more than 80% of the respondents\n\n\n\nreported negatively; while among the small per centage of key\ninformants who could identify support structures, the most\ncommonly cited was health (21%), while the least cited was\npsychosocial support (8%), with weak consciousness of these poor\nstructures.\n\n### 4. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\n\nBased on the context and priority protection risks, the Pakistan\nProtection Sector recommends the following:\n\n##### Protection risk 1: Forced Displacement\n\n - Support the GoP to strengthen information management\nsystems to identify and map displacement sites (formal and\ninformal) and movements, including return and relocation\nmovements and protection risks emerging.\n\n - Strengthening community-based networks to mitigate\nprotection risks in displacement settings and contribute to\nprotection monitoring reporting.\n\n - Strengthen protection mainstreaming particularly with\nrespect to Shelter, CCCM, Health, WASH to ensure current\nprotection risks apparent in displacement are mitigated.\n\n - Support efforts to establish joint Accountability to Affected\nPopulation (AAP) structures, including PSEA, to ensure\nimproved access to information and aid for those affected.\n\n - Identification and reunification of the separated children\nwith primary care givers and support to family based\nalternative care.\n\n - Increased awareness, via capacity-strengthening, among all\nrelevant responders and IDPs themselves of relevant\nprovisions of the UN Guiding Principles on Internal\nDisplacement and other protection standards.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information management\nsystems", - "confidence": 0.9662413597106934, - "start": 172, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Protection risk 2: Gender-based violence & Access to GBV services\n\n - Continue to map available services and capacity and ensure\ncontext-specific referral pathways are developed and\nupdated regularly based on needs.\n\n - Develop key messages of available GBV services; and inform\ncommunities about their availability, accessibility and value.\n\n - Ensure context-specific safe spaces for women and girls are\navailable and equipped with trained staff and resources.\n\n - Ensure frontline workers in humanitarian action are trained\non how to safely handle disclosures of GBV incidents and link\nsurvivors with specialists.\n\n - Ensure regular safety audits (with inputs from women and\ngirls including those with disabilities) are conducted across all\nsectors to ensure women and girls\u2019 safety needs are\nprioritized.\n\n - Develop guidelines and allocate resources to include persons\nliving with disabilities in GBV risk mitigation and response\nprograms and services.\n\n - Identify partners with technical capacity to review key GBV\nprevention, risk mitigation and response tools to address\nneeds identified from the field through an intersectional\nlens.\n\n##### Protection risk 3: Theft, destruction of personal property and loss of Documentation\n\n - Service mapping of legal aid providers and functioning of\nlaw enforcement agencies in affected areas.\n\n - Monitoring of the provision of aid to affected areas to ensure\nbasic needs are met.\n\n - Increase awareness and access to civil registration services\n(birth registration) for children.\n\n\n\n\n - Advocate for waiving the charges for civil documentation and\nalso the conditionalities for the provision of assistance and\nother social services subject to the production of civil\ndocumentation.\n##### Protection risk 4: Psychological Distress\n\n - Provision of gender and age specific community based\nMHPSS services for children, adolescent caregivers, women\nand other vulnerable girls.\n\n - Conduct safe identification of children and adolescent\nsurvivors or at risk of violence, abuse and exploitation and\nrefer them to specialized services.\n\n - Develop practical guidelines for frontline workers to build\ntheir capacity on Physiological first Aid.\n\n - Conduct adolescent and adult led MHPSS activities.\n\n - Build parent\u2019s capacity on positive parenting skills and\nsupport to children in psychosocial distress.\n\n - Establish referral pathways for specialized MHPSS and\nundertake steps for making them available within easy\naccess.\n\n - Conduct orientation sessions and periodic mentoring for\nfrontline psychosocial support counsellors and service\nproviders to ensure delivery of quality of services.\n\n - Provision of age and gender appropriate psychosocial\nsupport and specialized case management services which are\naccessible for persons living with disabilities.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Protection risk 5: Harmful Coping Mechanism (Child Marriage, school dropouts and Child Labor)\n\n - Linking families and care givers with other sectoral services\nsuch as cash assistance and livelihood opportunities.\n\n - Awareness raising on the negative consequences of child\nmarriage and child labor through the engagement of\ncommunity-based structures.\n\n - Linking child survivors of violence, abuse and exploitation\nwith case management and specialized services.\n\n - Enhancing the capacities of the child protection work force\non preventive and protective services.\n\n - Working with the education sector to reintegrate out of\nschool children (particularly girls), supporting temporary\nlearning centers and referring children at risk to childprotection services when required.\n\n - Provision of child protection preventive messages to the\nparents, caregivers and children, and information on\nassistance and services.\n\n - Ensure access to child protection and other essential services\nthrough static and mobile outreach.\n\n\n\n**Contacts for the Pakistan Protection Sector**\nProtection Sector Coordinator: Nikola Errington, UNHCR\nerringto@unhcr.org\nChild Protection Sub-sector: Farzana Yasmin, UNICEF\nfyasmin@unicef.org\nGBV Sub-sector, Mahjabeen Qazi, UNFPA\nmqazi@unfpa.org\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/faae27b1-ae5b-401d-8159-be7ebfb8d01a/pakistan_protection-analysis_oct_2022_final_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_841/raw/doc_841_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_841/raw/doc_841_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b79def04b0f7099f627e6c91afe923d7e6748a90..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_841/raw/doc_841_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,300 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **AFGHANISTAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Update on protracted-crisis and climate-related protection risks trends\n\n#### **May 2024**\n\nl d\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n\nwho displaced multiple times. Marginalisation, discriminatory norms\nand practices continue to be widespread, including the curtailment of\nwomen and girls\u2019 rights and their participation in the economic, social,\nand public life since the Taliban led de facto authorities (DfA) takeover\nin August 2021. Following the consolidation of their control, there has\nbeen a crippling economic deterioration coupled by increasing\nclimate-shocks such a third-consecutive year of drought and multiple\nearthquakes which resulted in wide-scale destruction of over 382\nvillages across Herat Province and directly affecting over 275\u2019000\npeople in October 2023. Simultaneously, Afghanistan is also facing\nlarge-scale returns from Pakistan, including over 493\u2019300 from 15\n\nkey drivers of needs and compounded the already dire humanitarian\nsituation. These drivers continue to erode the population\u2019s coping capacities and prevent them from becoming\nmore resilient. Hence, despite a significant decrease in active conduct of hostilities across Afghanistan, widespread\nprotection risks persist, characterized by significant protracted displacement, mine and explosive ordnance\ncontamination, discrimination, and denial of access to services, resources and humanitarian assistance, restrictions\nto freedom of movement, growing threat of forced evictions, increased risks of gender-based violence (GBV), child\nlabour, early marriage and heightened needs for mental health and psychosocial support. The protection space is\nshrinking and is affecting particularly women, girls, IDPs, returnees, persons living with disabilities, elderly, and\nother vulnerable groups. The protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis\nare:\n\n**1.** **Discrimination and stigmatization \u2013 denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**2.** **Gender-based violence**\n**3.** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance**\n**4.** **Unlawful Impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of movement**\n**5.** **Impediments and/or Restrictions to Access Legal Identity, Remedies and Justice (including access to secure land**\n\n**and housing and threats of forced eviction)**\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nAmidst the continued multifaceted protracted crisis in Afghanistan, urgent actions are needed to reduce, prevent,\nand mitigate negative coping strategies and other protection risks. It is of utmost importance to:\n\n- Strengthen engagement at the highest level of the DFA to advocate for increased acceptance of protection\nactivities with a particular focus on women, girls, minorities, persons living with disabilities and other\nvulnerable groups.\n\n- Enhance resource mobilization for the humanitarian response, especially for national partners/local NGOs, to\nprovide basic services for most vulnerable groups due to expanded needs compounded by climate-induced\ndisasters and displacement both internally which leads vulnerable groups to resort to negative coping\nmechanisms and being exposed to protection risks.\n\n\n1 _The figures are retrieved from the Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024_\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n\n**EARTHQUAKE**\n\n**CASUALTIES**\n\n\n\n**IDPS** **RETURNEES FROM**\n\n**PAKISTAN**\n\n\n\n**HAZARDOUS AREAS**\n\n\n### **+1\u2019480 6.3M +493\u2019300 1,255.6 km [2]**\n\nThe Taliban takeover has precipitated Afghanistan in a new era, fraught by political, social, economic, and\nhumanitarian challenges. The current multi-faceted crisis is marked by a crippling economic deterioration resulting\nin lower household incomes and higher debts level, food insecurity and risk of malnutrition, rising poverty and the\nnear-exhaustion of public health services, coupled by recurring climatic-shocks and its high-level devastation as\nwell as large-scale cross-border returns. Despite improvement of the overall security environment in Afghanistan,\ntargeted violence and human rights violations persists, exposing specific groups to continuous protection risks,\nspecifically women, girls, IDPs, returnees, human rights defenders, journalists, ethnic and linguistic minorities,\npersons with disabilities, as well as former government officials and military and security personnel. The DfA have\ndismantled human rights since their takeover of power, especially regarding restrictions on freedoms and rights of\nwomen and girls, which economic, social, and public life is becoming predominantly non-existent and, impede their\naccess to services and assistance. This has confined women and girls to their homes, which in turn have increased\nrisks of domestic violence and their dependency on assistance and support, leading them to increasingly resort to\nnegative coping mechanisms.\n\nThe restrictions imposed by the DfA have also partly negatively affected donors\u2019 contributions and the engagement\nof the international community, which has resulted in a significant shortage of humanitarian funding to response\nto the dire population\u2019s needs. The DfA\u2019s regulations and monitoring of UN organizations and I/NNGOs continue\nto interfere in the delivery of timely humanitarian response and deprive aid recipients and vulnerable groups of\nlife-saving assistance. On 30 December 2023, the Ministry of Economy issued a letter discouraging Public\nAwareness, Peacebuilding, Conflict Resolution, Advocacy activities in favor of development programs. These new\ninstructions negatively affect the activities of protection-focused NGOs that have also been challenged by\nmandatory registration and signing agreements with the DfA for implementation of their programmes and 18\nProtection Cluster members\u2019 MoUs are still pending or being processed.\n\nForty years of armed conflict resulted in numerous waves of forced displacement across the country. Many\nreturnees are arriving in areas still grappling with high-level protracted displacements. At the same time,\nincreasingly recurring climatic shocks have already engendered further displacement, such as in Herat Province,\nwhere multiple earthquakes occurred consecutively last October. The risk of forced evictions in informal\nsettlements and the return of Afghan nationals from Pakistan are also driving housing, land, and property (HLP)\nneeds. The absence of a clear legal framework for HLP management and uncertainty surrounding property law\nenforcement since 2021 pose additional challenges for vulnerable groups facing insecure tenure.\n\nWhile active hostilities are no longer the primary driver of needs due to improved security conditions following the\nDfA\u2019s takeover, Afghanistan remains heavily contaminated. Two-thirds of the 401 districts are still affected by\nimprovised explosive devices (IEDs), mines, and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Approximately 3 million people\nlive within a 1km radius of these hazards, resulting in over 60 casualties per month, mostly children [(OCHA: Six things](https://www.unocha.org/news/six-things-know-about-mine-action-afghanistan#:~:text=Two%20thirds%20of%20its%20401,killed%20and%20maimed%20every%20month.)\n[to know about Mine Action in Afghanistan).](https://www.unocha.org/news/six-things-know-about-mine-action-afghanistan#:~:text=Two%20thirds%20of%20its%20401,killed%20and%20maimed%20every%20month.)\n\nThe current protracted nature of the crisis has worsened these vulnerabilities and has a devastating impact on the\npopulation as it contributes to heightened pressure on already limited resources, livelihood opportunities and basic\nservices, and increase protection risks particularly for the most vulnerable groups.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n**ECONOMIC DETERIORATION: ERODING SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND COPING CAPACITIES**\n\n\nFollowing the political shift in 2021, Afghanistan has been facing a rapid economic downturn, due to high\ncontraction since 2020, linked to restricted banking services, finance sector, trade disruptions, fragile and isolated\ninstitutions, as well as the suspension of direct international development assistance. Hence, sanction restrictions\n[and the economic decline have negatively impacted Afghan people, in particular vulnerable families. (UNDP: Two](https://www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/two-years-review)\n[Years in Review: Changes in Afghan Economy, Households and Cross Cutting Sectors).](https://www.undp.org/afghanistan/publications/two-years-review) [UNDP also reports](https://www.undp.org/stories/approximately-85-percent-afghans-live-less-one-dollar-day#:~:text=Afghans%20are%20dealing%20with%20extreme,from%20education%20and%20most%20jobs.) that the real GDP\nhas significantly declined (by 29%) since 2020 and continues to decrease. Unemployment is increasing, in parts due\nto insufficient job opportunities coupled by employment restrictions imposed on women, which are estimated to\nhave engendered between US$ 600 million and $1 billion in economic loss. [(World Bank, Afghanistan Monitor](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/cdfea1bf5a7804a1f570bc20b433897a-0310012023/original/Afghanistan-Economic-Monitor-November-2023.pdf)\n[November2023). UNDP warns that 85% of the population is currently surviving with less than one dollar a day. The](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/cdfea1bf5a7804a1f570bc20b433897a-0310012023/original/Afghanistan-Economic-Monitor-November-2023.pdf)\nrates of hunger and malnutrition remain high, amid climatic shocks, limited income generating opportunities as\nwell as barriers to access basic services. The declining socio-economic conditions and food insecurity have led\nvulnerable households to resort to negative coping mechanisms, notably with child labour, child marriage and\ndisplacement. [UNICEF reports that roughly 1.6 million Afghan children are currently in child labour and frequently](https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136797)\nworking in dangerous conditions. In August 2023, an assessment reported that 38,4% of children surveyed were\npushed into labour force to support their families in coping with high levels of poverty and hunger. [i]\n\n\n**INCREASING DROUGHTS, EARTHQUAKES AND OTHER CLIMATIC SHOCKS**\n\n\nAfghanistan ranks among the 10 most climate change-vulnerable countries in the world and is amongst the least\nprepared to adapt to climate change. Recurring climatic shocks such as drought, floods and earthquakes compound\n[the weak protection environment in Afghanistan (INFORM Risk Index). Drought is reported to be the most frequent](https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index)\nclimatic shocks households are enduring in Afghanistan. The country has experienced a third-consecutive year of\ndrought. At least 25 out of 34 provinces are suffering from either severe or catastrophic drought conditions,\naffecting more than half the 40 million population. Consequently, it has limited people\u2019s assets, depleted their\nlivestock and crop production. This has led people to resort to negative coping strategies, such as forced\ndisplacement, child labour as well as child marriage. [ii]\n\n\nAfghanistan is increasingly vulnerable to earthquakes as it lies on widespread active faulting. Between 7 and 15\nOctober 2023, Herat Province was hit by four powerful earthquakes of 6.3 magnitude and multiple aftershocks.\nThese quakes were devastating and affected 1.6 million people with high intensity shaking (MMI 6+). At least 1,480\ncivilians were killed and more than 2,100 were injured, mostly women and children, and approximately 275\u2019000\npeople require urgent humanitarian assistance, and at least 382 villages were directly impacted. It is estimated that\n21,300 buildings sustained damage, notably 144 schools and 40 health facilities. Injil and Zindajan districts are the\n[most affected, as around one-third of the impacted population is in Injil (WHO,100 days after the Herat earthquakes,](https://www.emro.who.int/afg/afghanistan-news/resilience-and-recovery-100-days-after-the-herat-earthquakes.html)\n[2024).](https://www.emro.who.int/afg/afghanistan-news/resilience-and-recovery-100-days-after-the-herat-earthquakes.html)\n\nAt least 275\u2019000 people need assistance and protection amongst other needs, notably with a specific attention to\nvulnerable groups. Because their homes were destroyed and they were separated from their parents, caregivers,\nor other family members, at least 3\u2019100 children were reported to be unaccompanied. What is more, due to\nemergency sheltering and its limited capacity, women and girls are exposed to greater risks to their safety and\nsecurity. The earthquakes have further compounded an already critical situation and at the same time exacerbated\nexisting protection risks for Herat\u2019s already-vulnerable communities, which are still coping with ravaging decades\nof armed conflict, economic deterioration, unemployment, and poverty, which in turn, significantly affect the\npopulation\u2019s resilience to contend numerous and coincident shocks. [iii]\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n**LARGE SCALE CROSS-BORDER RETURN MOVEMENTS FROM PAKISTAN**\n\nOn 3 October 2023, the Pakistan\u2019s Ministry of Interior announced the implementation of the \u201cIllegal Foreigners\nRepatriation Plan\u201d, which entails that all foreigners without valid documentation would be forced to leave Pakistan\nby 1 [st] November 2023 or could face arrest and deportation if not voluntarily returning to their home country.\nDespite that this plan was formulated in general terms, it has primarily affected Afghans, who encompasses the\nlargest foreigner group residing in Pakistan, as it hosts 1.3 million of registered Afghan refugees, 840\u2019000 Afghans\nholding citizenship card (ACC), which giving them certain level of protection and limited access to services, while it\nis estimated that 1.5 million Afghans live in the country without documentation [(UNHCR, 2023).](https://www.unhcr.org/news/forced-returns-pakistan-deepen-afghanistan-s-humanitarian-crisis) Significant\npopulation movements from Pakistan to Afghanistan have occurred with approximately 493,300 people who\n[return to Afghanistan between 15 September and 31 December 2023, among them, 29\u2019300 were deported (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105902)\n[Data Portal). The returnee population includes an estimated 57% children (29% boys, 28% girls), 23% men, and 20%](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105902)\nwomen. Most movements have occurred through the Torkham and Spin Boldak-Chaman official borders.\nNevertheless, Badini Ghulam Khan and Bahramcha borders are also used.\n\nReturnees are particularly vulnerable when arriving to Afghanistan, with few or no possessions. Some reported\nphysical assaults by the police, confiscation of assets and other possessions, destruction of identification\ndocuments and other forms of harassments in Pakistan. They also manifested significant concerns relating to\nlimited shelter, employment opportunities, education, healthcare services, and financial assistance to respond to\nimmediate needs. Other deportees with sensitive profile, are concerned about their safety and security in\n[Afghanistan as well as the constraints to access jobs due to their sensitive background (UNHCR Data Portal, 2023).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/105902)\nProtection risks for women (including women headed households) and girls are amplified in this context. Women\nhave expressed concerns relating to their safety and security, including intimidation, threats, and seizure of assets\nby the Pakistani authorities. Due to extended delays at the border for registration, women and girls must stay in\novercrowded reception centres or sleep outside in the open air, facing adverse weather conditions and limited\nWASH facilities, which exposes them to heightened protection risks. [iv] Concerns have also been expressed for ethnic\nand religious minorities and people living with disabilities.\n\nThese large-scale returns of Afghans to Pakistan aggravates the already dire humanitarian situation, adding on the\nexisting 6.3 million internally displaced Afghans and the 275\u2019000 affected people from Herat\u2019s earthquakes. This\nwill exacerbate the current struggles in Afghanistan for limited resources, housing, employment, and access to\nhealthcare services.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n##### Discrimination and Stigmatization \u2013 Denial of Resources, Opportunities, Services and/or Humanitarian Access\n\nDiscriminatory norms compounded by denial of resources, opportunities, access to services and humanitarian\nassistance remain significantly prevalent across Afghanistan, especially for women, girls, persons living with\ndisabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, elderly, IDPs, returnees, and other vulnerable groups. Women and girls\ncontinue to face unique constraints in accessing services, education, employment, and humanitarian assistance as\nthe DfA have enacted more than 50 decrees targeting the rights and freedoms of women and girls. [v] These\nrestrictions directly or indirectly promote discrimination. Around 1.4 million of girls are directly affected by the ban\non female secondary education, which makes them increasingly vulnerable to child protection issues such as forced\nand early marriage, exploitation, and domestic abuse.\n\nAt least one person with a disability lives in 15% of Afghan households. The prevalence of impairments is mostly\n[linked to war, poverty, and institutional challenges. (OCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs Overview 2023). In Afghan](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)\nsociety, persons with disabilities face severe discrimination, exclusion, insults, and humiliation. They are unfairly\nblamed for allegedly bringing shame to their families due to their disabilities. Many families feel forced to hide\ntheir family members with disabilities to shield them from social stigma, especially girls with mental disabilities. [ vi]\nPersons living with disabilities are also significantly affected by the restrictions and bans targeting women, as\nwomen are often their principal caregivers. In this way, women\u2019s denial of access to aid and services also directly\nand negatively impacts access of persons with disabilities in their care. Overall, these discriminatory policies and\npractices exacerbate protection risks, which are compounded for women IDPs, women headed households and\ngroups that face intersectional discrimination, such as women headed households with disability in the family, girls\nwith disabilities in rural areas, older women, and marginalized minorities, and constrain even more their access to\nservices, not only caused by gender discrimination but also by the stigma and barriers linked to their disability\n[(GiHA, Rapid Gender Analysis, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\n\nThe most vulnerable groups facing this protection risk include women, particularly women headed-households,\ngirls, IDP household headed by a woman, a child, the elderly, and persons with physical disabilities. Women and\ngirls continue to have less access to services, such as healthcare facilities, legal aid, WASH facilities than men.\nWomen headed households are reported to comprise more than 10% of the population in Afghanistan [vii] and they\nare disproportionately affected by gender discrimination and the restrictions enforced on Afghan women. They\naccount for the ones most at risk of being denied access to services and their options for overcoming discriminatory\n[policies and practices are limited. (OCHA, HNO 2023). Barriers to access services and humanitarian assistance include](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)\neconomic hurdles, physical distance, unavailability of mahram, lack of information, and no identity documentation.\nAdditionally, women, girls, and persons living with disabilities residing in rural locations, such as in rural Kandahar,\n[Samangan and Nuristan Provinces (OCHA, HNO 2023), accessing services is even more constrained due to economic](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)\nhurdles, limited or no means of transportation, long distances to access services facilities, and limited mahram\navailability. [viii]\n\nThe absence of civil documentation has a multiplier effect and the population assessed cite it as the main cause for\nnot accessing basic rights and services (40%). More than half of the individuals assessed do not possess civil\ndocumentation, with the majority having never managed to obtain it. This disproportionately affects women and\ngirls, limiting their access to essential services. Barriers to access civil documentation include insufficient financial\nresources, lack of information, issues with online applications and long and unclear procedures. [ix] The absence of\ncivil documentation is also linked to discriminatory policies and practices. Women are particularly affected since\ntheir access to government offices is significantly restricted and that government positions are currently mainly\n[held by men. The availability of a Mahram also compounds women\u2019s limited access to such service (GiHA, Gender](https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/gender-update-1-forced-returns-pakistan)\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n[update #1: Forced Returns from Pakistan, 2023 ). Women returning from Pakistan also may face challenges in acquiring](https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/gender-update-1-forced-returns-pakistan)\nnational identity documentation, as it is reported that mostly men are in process to acquire national documentation\nand that families have prioritized male relatives due to significant cost of such document. This further exacerbates\n[women returnees\u2019 impediments to access services, information and assistance (GiHA, Gender update #2, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-forced-returns-pakistan-5-december-2023)\n\nConsequently, these discriminatory norms compounded by denial of resources, opportunities, access to services\nand humanitarian assistance have increased vulnerabilities and reduced capacities of those vulnerable groups to\n[overcome shocks, which in turn affect them disproportionately during crisis (OCHA, HNO 2023). The bottom line of](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)\nthe exclusion and discrimination of women, girls and other vulnerable groups are the established traditional and\npatriarchal norms, which place them at a disadvantage in all aspect of life.\n\nThe DfA\u2019s restrictions, which limit women\u2019s rights and freedoms, have had significant consequences in\nhumanitarian response efforts. These restrictions include banning women staff aid workers, leading to challenges\nin service delivery and reaching women and girls with aid. Humanitarian organizations are incentivized to employ\nmen due to administrative burdens and costs related to mahram travel expenses and gender-segregated work\n[environments (GiHA, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023) Recent DfA directives require organizations to replace women with men in director,\ndeputy-director, and board members positions. As a result, it increases women\u2019s isolation, increases lack of\nappropriate staff, and decreases gender-based responses and policies. The Ground Truth Solutions\u2019 (GTS) recent\nreport highlights that, the top safety concern for women is the ban on women aid workers at distribution points\n(40%), followed by long-distance travel to distribution sites (37%). [x] Women headed households face additional\nchallenges due to exclusion from selection, assessments, and aid distribution processes when they lack a mahram.\n\nxi Furthermore, persons with disabilities struggle to access aid (86%), often reporting difficulties in finding\n[information about registration and feeling unheard by humanitarian assistance providers. (GTS: Perspectives from](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/engaging-women-humanitarian-response-afghanistan-perspectives-people-disabilities-january-2024?_gl=1*h436e4*_ga*MTE0MDEyMTI1MC4xNzA1MzI3NTIw*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcwOTI3OTQzMS44MS4xLjE3MDkyNzk1NDAuNDQuMC4w)\n[People with disabilities, January 2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/engaging-women-humanitarian-response-afghanistan-perspectives-people-disabilities-january-2024?_gl=1*h436e4*_ga*MTE0MDEyMTI1MC4xNzA1MzI3NTIw*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcwOTI3OTQzMS44MS4xLjE3MDkyNzk1NDAuNDQuMC4w)\n\nThe multiple earthquakes in Herat province have disproportionately affected women and girls and have\nexacerbated existing protection risks. Women may have been less informed on earthquake preparedness, due to\nrestrictions imposed on their rights and freedoms and the ban on women aid workers. Similarly, women mentioned\n[not feeling comfortable at distributions points when receiving assistance by men staff (GiHA, Gender update #1 on](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-1-earthquake-herat-province-9-october-2023)\n[Herat earthquakes, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-1-earthquake-herat-province-9-october-2023) This translates into a significant risk of limited availability of assistance and information\nabout assistance provided to women by women due to the ban on women aid workers, in a context where an\ninclusive and gendered-appropriate response is necessary [(GiHA: Gender update #2 Returnees from Pakistan,2023 ). On](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-earthquake-herat-province-19-october-2023)\nthe long run, this trend may have significant adverse consequences as of normalizing humanitarian response\nexcluding women staff and women-led organizations entirely.\n\nRestrictions having the most significant impact on women\u2019s lives and their families are the ban on girls\u2019 education\n[beyond grade 6, followed by women\u2019s employment and the ban on freedom of movement (joint report from UN](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023)\n[Women, IOM and UNAMA, 2023). Depression and insomnia are still reported as mental health conditions affecting](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023)\nwomen and girls, leading to physical impacts such as headache, tiredness, loss of appetite.\n\nAs a result, the most vulnerable groups are more likely to use negative coping strategies to meet basic needs, such\nas borrowing money (34.2%), selling assets (15%), skipping meals, or reducing meal size (11%), sending children to\nwork (10%). Children are the ones most engaged in exploitative acts, primarily in labour exploitation, followed by\ndomestic servitude and sexual exploitation. [xii] Other extreme strategies encompass, early and forced marriage of\ndaughters, begging, sale of organs and children, suicide ideation and suicide attempts. As a result, suicide rates\nmay likely be increasing [2] [(UNHCR Data Portal;](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105234) [GiHA, 2023). Additionally, due to the restrictions on women\u2019s](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\nemployment and the lack of an extensive programme to assist persons with disabilities, many women living with\n[disabilities resort to begging in appalling conditions and many had to stop due to mahram requirement (USIP, 2024).](https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/02/challenges-facing-afghans-disabilities#:~:text=Attempts%20to%20Account%20for%20Disabled%20Individuals%20in%20Afghanistan&text=In%20one%20report%20released%20by,with%2041%20percent%20being%20women.)\nAlso, in a survey conducted in 2023, women with disabilities more often resort to early daughter marriages than\n[women without disabilities (GTS: Only women can understand another women, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/only-woman-can-understand-another-woman-perceptions-aid-afghanistan-after-bans-women-aid-workers)\n\n\n_2 Suicide attempts may be underreported due to cultural taboo._\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nIn Afghanistan, local mechanisms such as women\u2019s community groups (known as women\u2019s groups or Shuras) play\nan important role. Notwithstanding, women express that it is still essential to respect social norms, involving male\nrelatives, community leaders, and elders, to avoid exposing women to additional risks.\n\nIf discriminatory policies and practices persist, vulnerable groups will continue struggling to meet their basic needs,\ndecreasing their resilience, and increasing their vulnerabilities to future shocks. As well, development indicators\nfor Afghan women and girls are likely to show a sharp decline in the future years if the curtailment on their\nfreedoms and rights persists.\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\nIn 2023, following the bans that decreased access of women and girls to humanitarian assistance and other\nservices, the number of women and girls at heightened risk of gender-based violence (GBV) increased by 30% from\n[10.1 million (as of May 2023) to 13.1 million (as of end of 2023) (OCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs and Response](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023)\n[Plan 2024). It is important to highlight that, GBV affecting women and girls is widespread but continues to be](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023)\nunderreported. Specific groups of women are at higher risk of GBV, including women headed-households, widows,\ngirls forced into early marriage, internally displaced and returnee women, women with disabilities, as well as\n[religious ethnic, sexual and gender minorities. Subsequently, UNAMA\u2019s report highlights that since the DfA took](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/divergence-practice-handling-complaints-gender-based-violence-against-women-and-girls-afghanistans-de-facto-authorities-december-2023-endarips)\nover, the already high prevalence of gender-based violence against Afghan women and girls, including intimate\npartner and domestic violence due to their confinement to their homes\u2014has increased. Girls unable to attend\nschool are also at heightened risks of abuse, early marriage, exploitation, and domestic violence. Early marriage\n[may increase the risks for a girl or women to endure domestic violence (GiHA, 2023). Protection partners also report](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\nevidence suggesting a non-negligeable increase in child and forced marriage of girls to cope with aggravated\n[livelihood situations. (OHCHR, Report of the Special Rapporteur, June 2023)](https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5321-situation-women-and-girls-afghanistan-report-special-rapporteur) [3]\n\n\nClimatic shocks and climate induced displacements have also exacerbated pre-existing protections risks, exposing\nwomen and girls to heightened risk of GBV, sexual exploitation, abuse, harassment, particularly in emergency\nshelters/tents set-ups. Following the earthquakes in Herat province, temporary, limited, and overcrowded\nemergency shelters, compounded by limited WASH facilities, have led to increased protection risks relating to the\n[safety and security of women and girls (GiHA, Gender update #2: Earthquakes in Herat Province). In the aftermath of](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-earthquake-herat-province-19-october-2023)\nthe earthquakes, WASH facilities were nonexistent due to damage, with heightened protection risks for displaced\nwomen and girls, who reported increased isolated walking towards facilities. [xiii] Additionally, the majority of those\n[surveyed stated that women and girls were exposed to risks for both safety and security when using latrines. (IRC,](https://www.rescue.org/report/needs-assessment-report-herat-afghanistan)\n[Needs Assessment report, 2023). Women and girls\u2019 returnees from Pakistan face similar situations at border points,](https://www.rescue.org/report/needs-assessment-report-herat-afghanistan)\nleading to heightened exposure to gender-based violence, including being victim of threats, intimidation, and even\n[asset seizure by Pakistani authorities (GiHA, Gender update #2, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-forced-returns-pakistan-5-december-2023) Women aid workers who were able to resume\ntheir work also reported instances of intimidation and harassment, compounded by mahram and dress code\n[requirements (UNHCR Afghanistan Protection Brief, December 2023).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105234)\n\n\nExisting patriarchal norms have been further entrenched through decrees and practices. Subsequently, the DfA has\ndissolved the Ministry of Women\u2019s Affairs and other entities ensuring justice for survivors of gender-based\nviolence. These changes have aligned with the Taliban\u2019s predominantly Sharia-based legal and justice system\n[(UNAMA, 2023). UNAMA\u2019s findings also emphasize that due to fear of DfA, many survivors opt for traditional dispute](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/divergence-practice-handling-complaints-gender-based-violence-against-women-and-girls-afghanistans-de-facto-authorities-december-2023-endarips)\nresolution mechanisms. These mechanisms, however, often lack women personnel and may perpetuate gender\ninequality and discrimination. Discriminatory policies and practices, along with the absence of women in judicial\ninstitutions, contribute to survivors\u2019 distrust in the existing justice system. Also, informal dispute resolution\n\n\n_3 However, there is a gap in data collection and numbers are difficult to ascertain. The issue may be well under-reported._\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nmechanisms, led primarily by men (such as shuras and family members), may deter women from seeking justice,\n[especially in cases involving divorce or gender-based violence. (GiHA, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023) [xiv] Gender-based barriers significantly\nhinder women\u2019s access to reporting and information. Factors such as limited access to mobile phones, the internet,\nand low literacy rates disproportionately affect women in this regard. The reliance on male relatives, scarcity of\nfemale aid workers, fear of reprisals when reporting violations, and the social stigma and isolation associated with\n[gender-based violence all contribute to lower reporting rates among women (GiHA 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023) [xv]\n\n\nThe ban on Afghan women NGO workers diminishes the ability of women-led NGOs and women staff in this sector\nin providing a safe environment, counsel, and support to women and girls who have been victims or survivors of\nviolence in Afghanistan. GBV infrastructure has been quickly dismantled, resulting in the closure of many protection\ncentres and the decrease of assistance of lifesaving GBV services. As well, insufficient funding and aid disruptions\nhave exacerbated the reduction of protective, preventative, and support services for Afghan women and girls,\n[including accessible safe spaces or shelter. (GiHA, 2023; OHCHR, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\n\n#### RISK 3 Presence of Mines and Other Explosive Ordnance\n\n\nThe presence of explosive ordnance in Afghanistan from armed clashes in the past 20 years, including explosive\nremnants of war and landmines, as well as the more recent threats relating to improvised explosive devices (IEDs),\ncontinue to be persisting hazards,\nendangering the lives of civilians\nand is one of the leading causes of\n[death in Afghanistan (OCHA HNRP](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023)\n[2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023) Vast swathes of land and\nlarge numbers of critical\ninfrastructure (including 470\nschools and 230 health facilities\nlocated within 1km of hazards\narea) are affected by explosive\nordnance, which kills and maims\nmore than 60 people, mostly\nchildren, every month. Between\nJuly and December 2023,\nunexploded ordnance killed at\nleast 77 people and wounded at\nleast 163 others. Among the\nvictims were 193 children (147\nboys, 46 girls) and 47 adults (31\nmen, 16 women). Children\ncontinue to be the most affected by explosive ordnance accounting for 80% of all victims. Most of the civilian\ncasualties are from spot of explosive remnants of war (ERW).\n\n\nThere are still 1,255.6 km [2] contaminated areas in Afghanistan, affecting at least 1\u2019727 communities. Households\nwho rely on agricultural livelihoods such as farmers, herders and shepherds are at also heightening risk of exposure\nto explosive ordnance, as they must access fields, which may be contaminated. The provinces of Hilmand,\nKandahar, Logar, Maidan Wardak and Zabul are the most severely impacted, with 800 km [2] of contaminated areas\nwhich makes 64% of the entire explosive ordnance contamination.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nDevastated by four decades of conflict, Afghanistan remains one of the most contaminated countries worldwide.\nMoreover, there are still sporadic clashes between non-state armed groups, which continue to endanger civilians\u2019\nlives and to contaminate areas with explosive ordnance. Recently, the IS-K (non-state armed group) claimed\nresponsibility for three attacks, using IEDs against civilians, in places of worship. Between October and November\n2023, members of Shi\u2019a Hazara community were targeted by three IEDs attacks in a mosque in Pul-e-Khumri city,\na sport club, and a bus both in Dasht-e-Barchi, West Kabul. These three attacks resulted in 40 killed and 86 injured.\n[(UNAMA, Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan, 2023)](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/english_hr_update_22jan_2024.pdf)\n\n\nCircumstances of explosive ordnance incidents are diverse, in some instances, children may unintentionally step\non landmines or grab explosive ordnance around their home, where they play, go to school, or help their families\nwith household chores, such as animal grazing, gathering fodder for livestock in the fields, or collecting firewood. [xvi]\nThere are also increasing risks and dangers for the population, particularly children, as the local communities can\nnow access areas that were previously inaccessible due to conduct of hostilities. Returnees, IDPs due to conflict,\nand other people on the move also return to areas previously inaccessible, without the necessary knowledge on\nexplosive ordnance contamination in these locations or safe behaviour and reflexes when coming across explosive\nhazards. [xvii] Based on recent analysis, there are around 268 explosive ordnance hazards with an estimated area of\n235 km [2] spread across 391 villages, which are identified as the final destination areas of returnees. Increasing\npoverty and the deterioration of socio-economic conditions have also led to an increasing number of children to\nengage in child labour, often in dangerous conditions. In some incidents, children were collecting scrap metal for\n[selling purposes (UNICEF, May 2023).](https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2023/05/81179/children-bearing-brunt-afghanistan-crisis-unicef)\n\n\nAs numerous areas are still heavily contaminated in Afghanistan, people face multiple and cumulative negative\nimpacts in their daily life, as it constrains their freedom of safe and dignified movements, their access to services\nand basic needs (such as access to water, access to education), aggravates food insecurity, impacts their livelihoods,\nand causes physical and psychological distress and trauma. People with physical injuries need prolonged health\nand social assistance and may lead to permanent disability. Heavily contaminated areas in Afghanistan also\nrepresent a threat to the safety of humanitarian staff and a significant constraint to the delivery of humanitarian\nassistance. Regarding reporting explosives ordnance or areas contaminated, half of those assessed mention\nuncertainty about whom to report to. Finally, despite having more access than at any time in recent history, the\nmine action services sector has suffered a significant reduction in the number of operational teams in recent years.\n\n##### Unlawful Impediments and/or Restrictions to Freedom of Movement, Siege and Forced Displacement\n\nWomen and girls\u2019 freedom of movements continues to be severely curtailed by the DfA\u2019s decrees and directives,\nlimiting their access to economic, social, and public life and their access to basic services. Over time, enforcement\nof restrictions has become more rigid for a significant portion of assessed women. Conversely, some women\n[perceive that restrictions\u2019 enforcement has become more lenient, leaving room for possible exemptions(Joint IOM,](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023)\n[UN Women and UNAMA report on the situation of Afghan women).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023) The observed trend suggests that Afghan women\nmight be gradually adapting to the restrictions imposed on them. This could potentially lead to relaxation in\n[enforcement over time. However, their last joint report](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-february-2024) (February 2024) also shed light on stricter enforcement of\nsome decrees, specifically related to hijab (58% of women), particularly in Kabul, with dire constraints to their\nmovements, specifically without mahram (57% of women indicate feeling unsafe).\n\nThe Mahram requirement continue to pose severe restrictions on the freedom of movement of women (no travel\nis allowed more than 78km without a mahram). There is limited clarity regarding the extent of its implementation\nacross Afghanistan, as variations may exist between different provinces. For example, in Kandahar Province,\n[women staff in the health and education sector were requested to have a mahram while working (ACAPS thematic](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/acaps-thematic-report-afghanistan-taliban-directives-and-decrees-affecting-human-rights-and-humanitarian-actors)\n[report: Afghanistan Taliban directives and decrees affecting human rights and humanitarian actors). Another example, in](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/acaps-thematic-report-afghanistan-taliban-directives-and-decrees-affecting-human-rights-and-humanitarian-actors)\nHerat province, specifically for medical facilities, an ordered requires the mahram to remain with the woman inside\nthe facility, including in the operation rooms. Women may not be able to timely access medical facility, and where\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nthere are no women medical staff, they may be unable or unwilling to be checked by a male medical staff. Also,\nearthquakes in Herat Province have also disproportionately affected women and children, as they reportedly\nencompass the most casualties. Women account for most of adult casualties (61%), injured adults (60%) and\nmissing persons (61%). Due to DfA restrictions on their mobility and traditional norms, women were more likely in\ntheir homes at the time of the first earthquake (occurred during day time) while men in many cases - were working\n[outside their homes (GiHA, Gender update #2, earthquakes, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-earthquake-herat-province-19-october-2023)\n\nFor women headed households and widows, their vulnerabilities are exacerbated as they do not account for male\nfamily member. Some risk traveling without mahram to access basic services as well as humanitarian distribution\n[sites, exposing them to possible harassment or abuse, for instance at checkpoints. (GiHA, 2023). Moreover, as there](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\nare fewer health services in rural areas Afghan women face longer travel distances to access them. They may face\n[stigmatization from communities and safety issues, which also may affect their aid eligibility. (GTS: Against the odds:](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62e895bdf6085938506cc492/t/6411ad6f258b0d02a367bd2d/1678880115916/GTS_AFG_R1_March_2023.pdf)\n[Strengthening accountability to women and girls in Afghanistan, 2023). In other situations, the mahram requirement also](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62e895bdf6085938506cc492/t/6411ad6f258b0d02a367bd2d/1678880115916/GTS_AFG_R1_March_2023.pdf)\nput extra pressure on families with a male family member living with a disability, as accessing healthcare become\n[harder without a male guardian available (ACAPS: Spotlight on social impact: July-October 2022). Notwithstanding, men,](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20221230_acaps_afghanistan_analysis_hub_thematic_report_social_impact_monitoring_july_to_october_2022.pdf)\nand overall families may be also impacted as men must accompany women relatives, which in many cases also may\n[hinder the possibility of generating income during the time they must be travelling with them (GiHA, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-rapid-gender-analysis-november-2023)\n\nThe impact of those restrictions has been significantly adverse for women. They often rely on organic social\nnetworks for information, notably on humanitarian aid as they mainly have had lower literacy rates, and less access\n[to information, and technology than men. (IOM, UN Women, UNAMA, 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023) Therefore, their access to public spaces\nand maintaining social networks has been significantly hindered and, this consequently has negatively affected\ntheir access to information and essential services, leading to mental health issues such as depression and fatigue.\n\n##### Impediments and / or Restrictions to Access Legal Identity, Remedies and Justice (including access to secure land and housing and threats of forced eviction)\n\n\nInsecurity of tenure is widespread in Afghanistan and many people face insecure housing arrangements and threats\nof eviction and need support to meet their HLP rights. Tenure insecurity stems from precarious tenure\narrangements and high costs of housing. Protracted IDPs and returnees living in informal settlements, including\nspecific vulnerable groups, such as women, children (including unaccompanied and separated children), elderly,\npeople with disabilities or specific needs, and minority ethnic or religious groups regularly suffer from significant\ntenure insecurity, arbitrary prices and threats of eviction as they often do not have other alternatives than\n[occupying land without property rights nor written legal agreement for land usage, (OCHA, HNO 2023). Estimations](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)\nindicate that approximately 2 million IDPs reside in more than 1,000 expansive, slum-like informal settlements\nspread across nearly 30 provinces in Afghanistan. They often live in deplorable conditions and rely heavily on\n[humanitarian aid to augment their insufficient income (NRC, 2022). Women also comprise most of the people living](https://www.nrc.no/news/2022/december/afghanistan-20000-displaced-people-evicted-from-makeshift-camps-in-freezing-temperatures/)\nin informal settlements and remain particularly vulnerable to evictions, as they historically have low rates of home\nor land ownership (GiHA, Gender Update, 2022). The bans on women partners from representing women\nbeneficiaries in court and the refusal of women advocacy licenses also impedes progress on women\u2019s HLP rights.\nWomen headed households and those with family member living with disabilities are often dependent on urban\nservices. They also have less access to financial support networks and require close access to particular equipment\nand facilities to their homes [(OCHA, HNO 2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023) What is more, women headed households faced greater\nvulnerability, as almost half of these households received an income of less than 1,000 AFG per month, compared\nto male-headed households (HLP, GiHA, 2023). The absence of civil documentation affecting particularly IDPs and\nspecifically women, hinder their access to humanitarian assistance and services following eviction and for building\na new life. Women returning from Pakistan are also disadvantaged as men are prioritized for Tazkeera applications.\nEvictions particularly undermine the social structures that shield women-headed households, making them more\nvulnerable to forced, early, and child marriages as well as gender-based violence [(ACAPS, 2023).](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230227_acaps_thematic_report_continued_risk_of_forced_eviction_due_to_complex_land_rights_and_tenure_insecurity_in_afghanistan.pdf)\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nForced evictions are frequently associated with the lack of legally secure tenure, a necessary component of the\nright to adequate housing and shelter. In 2023, there were several instances of both real and threatened forced\n[evictions from informal settlements, mostly located in urban areas (Afghanistan HNRP, 2024). Around 1\u2019500-2000](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023)\nhouseholds were evicted from one of the largest IDP informal settlements in PD22 Kabul in July 2023, and\nauthorities are considering relocating approximately 10,000 households in total. [(HLP, GiHA, Gender-based](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-based-vulnerability-evictions-kabul-informal-settlements-kis)\n[vulnerability to evictions in Kabul Informal Settlements, 2023). The growing threat of forced evictions from informal](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-based-vulnerability-evictions-kabul-informal-settlements-kis)\nsettlements and the influx of returnees from Pakistan also continues to drive housing, land, and property (HLP)\nneeds. Additionally, in Balkh, Daykundi, Faryab, Helmand, Kandahar, and Kunduz provinces, people living on\ndisputed land are more at risk of eviction in cases where homes have been bought or given by the previous\n[government (ACAPS, 2023).](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230227_acaps_thematic_report_continued_risk_of_forced_eviction_due_to_complex_land_rights_and_tenure_insecurity_in_afghanistan.pdf)\n\n\nThe DfA continue to push IDPs currently residing in informal settlements to return to their areas of origin and for\nthe settlements to be dismantled. In several cases, forced evictions occurred in coordination with the DfA or Taliban\n[commanders, with no available recourse to legal assistance for those being evicted (ACAPS, 2023). Most assessed](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230227_acaps_thematic_report_continued_risk_of_forced_eviction_due_to_complex_land_rights_and_tenure_insecurity_in_afghanistan.pdf)\nindividuals reported that most of ISETs residents intended to remain in their current location. The main reasons for\nhaving left their area of origin were to find better opportunities (87%), better access to basic services (57%, and for\nsecurity/safety reasons (48%). (CCCM Working Group, National wide ISETs sweep, round 3).\n\n\nLand has become a scarce resource due to several factors such as its use in rewarding allies overtime, land grabbing\nduring war, increasing population growth and climate change negative effects on agriculture. These factors have\nled to conflicts between communities. The lack of a legal framework for Housing Land Property (HLP)\nadministration and ambiguity regarding the enforcement of property law since 2021, raises further risks for these\nvulnerable groups. Afghan law does not prohibit evictions, but those facing eviction must have their rights to due\nprocess upheld, both before and after the eviction, including the right to be compensated.\n\n\nThe DfA cites the complexity of land ownership\u2014including ambiguous boundaries, landlessness, and shared use of\npasture lands\u2014as justification for some of these forced evictions. Like previous governments, the DfA has asserted\nits right to use government land for their own gain and future development projects, referring to existing legislation\nto support their claims. Land ownership issues constrain customary dispute resolution mechanisms with solving\nland disputes, navigating the various formal and informal laws regulating land ownership and averting the\nescalation of disputes. However, communities find it currently difficult to fight against evictions carried out by the\nDfA.\n\n\nPeople who are subjected to forced eviction frequently face intimidation, harassment, and violence, compounded\nby a lack of access to legal or other remedies. They are also often cut off from their communities and humanitarian\naid and are unable to generate sufficient incomes, posing significant challenges in starting a new life, while also\nhaving few options for relocation due to limited land availability and risks of new threats of forced eviction. It\nexacerbates existing vulnerabilities, such as marginalisation, discrimination, social exclusion, intensifies social\ndisputes; and socially and economically impacts the most vulnerable groups. Multiple displacements also\nnegatively impact mental wellbeing. Forced eviction also implies the interruption of vital services such as\nhealthcare services, especially for people living with chronic disease and/or disabilities.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "National wide ISETs sweep", - "confidence": 0.9385120868682861, - "start": 336, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CCCM Working Group", - "confidence": 0.9998912811279297, - "start": 332, - "end": 335 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nIn the second half of 2023, protection partners, despite the numerous challenges and restrictions by the\nauthorities on protection services, were able to increase service delivery through strategic partnerships,\ninnovative approaches which enabled many people including women and girls to access services. In some\nlocations, women and girls have been able to move and access services while also participating in outreach to\nhomes as community resource persons. Community Based Protection (CBP) initiatives were enhanced across all\nregions, with community members taking ownership, including leading community assessments and\nimplementation of protection projects, with the community members contributing. In 2023, protection\nmonitoring was sustained and, in 2024, partners are reviewing the tool to enhance coverage and quality of\nreporting. The results of protection monitoring contributed to advocacy at national and global level, including in\nsubmissions to the UN, to influence the protection situation. Through continued monitoring of the protection\nsituation in the ISETs, the HLP AoR and partners have continuously monitored the situation and contributed to\nadvocacy efforts to address any emerging issues leading to reversal of some decisions to evict people by\nauthorities. The coordinated and swift response by partners during the Herat response managed to reach 97,560\npeople and the protection assessment helped to guide programming.\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\n328 directives have been issued by the DfA relating to\nhumanitarian action since December 2021. During the\nreporting period, a total of 752 access incidents\nchallenged the provision of assistance. The DfA was\nidentified as the main responsible for such incidents. Also,\nviolence against humanitarian personnel, assets, and\nfacilities has significantly impacted the humanitarian\nresponse between July-December 2023, as 134 aid\nworkers were arrested, 3 were injured and 189 incidents\nwith gender dynamics were reported, posing serious\n\n_Retrieved from OCHA Humanitarian Access snapshots_ concern to the safety and security of humanitarian aid\n\nworkers [xviii] . 32 protection projects are experiencing access issues seeking to reach persons and communities in\nneed as access must be negotiated locally leading to uneven responses. Notwithstanding the magnitude of the\nobstacles, humanitarian partners collaborated to identify workarounds and negotiate resolutions for localized and\nnational-level impediments.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\nAs of December 2023, Protection Cluster partners have received 77% of funds\nrequested against $116.8 million, leaving a funding gap of 26.8 million for\nprotection partners to meet critical needs of people affected by high\nprotection risks and needs in Afghanistan. The important gap in funding\nseverely impacts services for women, children, persons living with disabilities\nand other vulnerable groups, which exacerbates protection risks they may\nface. Without increased funding, sustaining essential protection services and\naddressing the escalating humanitarian needs will remain challenging, as\nAfghanistan is facing simultaneously an overlay of several emergencies which\nmakes the current situation in the country specifically complex.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nDiscrimination and Stigmatization \u2013 Denial of Resources, Opportunities, Services and/or\nHumanitarian Access\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n- In collaboration with the humanitarian actors, develop a nationwide solution that permits women to\nparticipate in all aspects of humanitarian work, access services and support functions, enabling NGOs in\nreaching millions of people.\n\n- Ensure safe and unimpeded access of women, girls, persons living with disabilities, elderly and other vulnerable\ngroups to critical humanitarian assistance and services, including WASH facilities, and health services and\ndistribution points.\n\n- Strengthen national and sub-national coordination and engagement with humanitarian actors by having the\nMinistry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA) facilitate collaborative identification and prioritization of needs\nand playing an active role in supporting implementation of interventions for prevention, mitigation, and\nresponses to needs of children and their families.\n\n- MoLSA in collaboration with humanitarian agencies to facilitate community engagement strategy and key\nmessaging to enhance community mobilization on prevention and response to all forms violence against\nchildren and women using existing community-based structures.\n\n- MoLSA to create and promote humanitarian access for partners to enable them implement and scale up\nservices delivery and improve access populations access to services. Contribute to removal of impediments\nsuch as ban on national female staffs, MoU delays, forced/nationalization of humanitarian actors versus\nlocalization.\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Strengthen collaborative engagement at the highest level of the authorities to advocate for increased space\nfor protection and the unimpeded access of protection responders to all population groups across Afghanistan,\nwith a particular focus on women, girls, persons living with disabilities and other vulnerable groups.\n\n- Enhance advocacy for acceptance of protection activities by the DfA to ensure equitable and inclusive access\nfor vulnerable populations, including women, girls, the elderly, people with disabilities, and minorities, to aid\nand development programmes.\n\n**DONORS AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Donors to prioritize Afghanistan and provide multi-year and multi-sectoral/flexible funding and support\nresources mobilization for national partners/local NGOs to:\n\n`o` Provide basic services for children and their families especially.\n\n`o` Address the ban on women aid workers and covering the additional operational and administrative costs\n\n\n\nresulting from this restriction.\n\n`o` Ensure expanded services that facilitate access to identity and civil documentation, such as providing legal\n\n\n\nassistance or cash support where needed.\n\n**RISK 2** Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n - Facilitate the reinstatement of governmental entities and specialized departments focused on addressing the\nneeds and risks that women and girls face including the prevention and response to ensure their access to\njustice and support.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Increase resources and support for women and girls at heightened risk of gender-based violence, especially\nthose impacted by limited access to protection services.\n\n - Enhance reporting mechanisms for GBV incidents and ensure that survivors have access to safe and supportive\nspaces, including specialized survivor centered services through women and girls\u2019 safe spaces/centers and\nstrategic integration with other sectors.\n\n - Develop innovative approaches by working with clusters or project who have access and spaces to promote\ngender equality, address patriarchal norms, and raise awareness about GBV to address, mitigate and prevent\nviolence effectively in a context appropriate manner. This can be achieved through supporting integration\nwith other clusters/projects.\n\n - Support in mainstreaming GBV risk mitigation strategies amongst various clusters and agencies.\n\n - Involve the DfA in the design phase and initial assessment stages before the donor projects even start and\ncome up with beneficial solutions. Engage more proactively with authorities throughout the humanitarian\nprogamming cycle.\n\n - Advocate with the DfA to reverse all decrees that limits the rights of women and girls, including the\nprioritization of GBV prevention and response in humanitarian aid allocations.\n\n\n**DONORS AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Sustain funding for GBV initiatives and translate it to multi-year funding to ensure sustained delivery of\nservices to women and girls including the operation of women's protection centers and the provision of\nessential services.\n\n\n**RISK 3** Presence of Mines and Other Explosive Ordnance\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n- Facilitate access to Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) teams, including male and female risk education\ntrainers, to conduct risk education activities with communities (addressed to men, women, girls, and boys) on\nthe risks of mines, IED and other explosive devices.\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Integrate Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) in all projects and programmes to enhance the safety and\nwell-being of beneficiaries.\n\n- Consider mainstreaming mine risk indicators/questions in surveys and based on findings integrate activities\nthat address mine clearance and explosive ordnance disposal.\n\n**DONORS AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Continue supporting high priority clearance projects and explosive remnants of war, as well as strengthening\nthe support to mine action capacity and activities to reduce civilian casualties over the coming months,\nparticularly by funding clearance, including the deployment of Quick Response Teams, Explosive Ordnance Risk\nEducation (EORE) and victim assistance projects aligned with the HNRP 2024.\n\n\nUnlawful Impediments and/or Restrictions to Freedom of Movement, Siege and Forced\nDisplacement\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n- Reverse all decrees that limit the ability of women humanitarian workers to provide life-saving services to\nvulnerable populations, including women, girls, boys, and persons with disabilities. This involves creating a safe\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mine risk indicators/questions", - "confidence": 0.8047962784767151, - "start": 370, - "end": 375 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.5834020972251892, - "start": 376, - "end": 377 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5718532800674438, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5371214151382446, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | July - December 2023\n\n\nenvironment and facilitating women humanitarian workers\u2019 travel to field locations, ensuring they can reach\naffected women and girls.\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- The HCT to continuously re-emphasize humanitarian principles to the DFA to facilitate a protective\nenvironment while continually minimising risk by ensuring access of the affected population to full, nondiscriminatory, and quality essential services and the enjoyment of their rights, including their right to freedom\nof movement, with particular attention to the most vulnerable.\n\n\n- The HCT to enhance resources mobilization for the humanitarian response especially for national partners/local\nNGOs to provide basic services for most vulnerable groups (especially children and their families) due to\nexpanded needs compounded by climate-induced disasters such as earthquakes, droughts, and displacement\nwhich increased families vulnerable leading to negative coping mechanism especially among children and\nwomen.\n\n\n**DONORS AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Significantly increase funding support for humanitarian partners who implement multi-sectoral interventions.\nThese interventions should include cash assistance to bolster vulnerable households and mitigate protection\nrisks, including negative coping mechanisms.\n\n\nImpediments and / or Restrictions to Access Legal Identity, Remedies and Justice (including\naccess to secure land and housing and threats of forced eviction)\n\n\n**DfA**\n\n\n\n\n- Strengthen coordination mechanisms between DfA and HLP partners on key programmatic areas:\n\n\n\n\n`o` Access to HLP documents for vulnerable groups.\n\n`o` Enhanced resolution mechanisms for vulnerable groups engaged in land conflicts.\n\n`o` Communal HLP strengthening initiatives in informal settlements and areas of return.\n\n`o` Integrated HLP programmes that link humanitarian aims to longer-term outcomes, including\n\n\n\nclimate resilience, enhanced livelihoods, and access to critical services.\n\n\n\n**HC, HCT and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Enhance high-level engagement with the DfA to stop evictions and ensure equitable relocation of displaced\npersons and returning Afghans.\n\n - Strengthen long-term HLP rights through enhanced coordination between humanitarian actors and durable\nsolution actors, including improving access to HLP documents and conflict resolution mechanisms, which\nrequires negotiation and consensus building with a wide array of stakeholders, including communities, the\nDfA and the humanitarian community.\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Sustain funding for HLP response as a long-term mechanism for addressing humanitarian and development\nneeds including enhancing livelihoods opportunities, housing, and climate resilience.\n\n\nPage 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\n_[i Save the Children, More than a third of children surveyed in Afghanistan pushed into child labour, as country marks two years of Taliban](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/more-third-children-surveyed-afghanistan-pushed-child-labour-country-marks-two-years-taliban-rule#:~:text=KABUL%2C%2015%20August%202023%20%E2%80%93%20More,the%20Children%20said%5Bi%5D.)_\n_[rule - survey of households in six provinces, August 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/more-third-children-surveyed-afghanistan-pushed-child-labour-country-marks-two-years-taliban-rule#:~:text=KABUL%2C%2015%20August%202023%20%E2%80%93%20More,the%20Children%20said%5Bi%5D.)_\n_[ii UNOCHA, Afghanistan: The alarming effects of climate change by UN Humanitarian - Exposure, 2023](https://unocha.exposure.co/afghanistan-the-alarming-effects-of-climate-change)_\n_[iii UNOCHA, Revised Herat Earthquake Response Plan Afghanistan, 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-revised-herat-earthquake-response-plan-october-2023-march-2024-november-2023-endarips)_\n_[iv GiHA, Gender Update #1: Forced returns from Pakistan, 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/gender-update-1-forced-returns-pakistan)_\n_[v USIP: Tracking the Taliban's (Mis)Treatment of Women,2023](https://www.usip.org/tracking-talibans-mistreatment-women)_\n_[vi USIP: The Challenges Facing Afghans with Disabilities, 2024](https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/02/challenges-facing-afghans-disabilities#:~:text=Attempts%20to%20Account%20for%20Disabled%20Individuals%20in%20Afghanistan&text=In%20one%20report%20released%20by,with%2041%20percent%20being%20women.)_\n_vii This percentage is debated, OCHA Humanitarian Overview 2023 indicates 10%, while REACH, in the WoAA 2022 indicates 23%. However,_\n_this latter high percentage is debated by experts of the International Crisis Group: Taliban Restrictions on Women's Rights Deepen_\n_[Afghanistan's Crisis, available at: https://icg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-02/329-afghanistan-womens-rights.pdf)](https://icg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-02/329-afghanistan-womens-rights.pdf)_\n_[viii Ground Truth Solutions and Salma Consulting. 2023. Against the odds: Strengthening accountability to women and girls in Afghanistan ;](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62e895bdf6085938506cc492/t/6411ad6f258b0d02a367bd2d/1678880115916/GTS_AFG_R1_March_2023.pdf)_\n_[Perspectives from People with Disabilities, January 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/engaging-women-humanitarian-response-afghanistan-perspectives-people-disabilities-january-2024?_gl=1*h436e4*_ga*MTE0MDEyMTI1MC4xNzA1MzI3NTIw*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcwOTI3OTQzMS44MS4xLjE3MDkyNzk1NDAuNDQuMC4w)_\n_[ix IOM, Documentation and Legal Identification in Afghanistan. Research Report. Samuel Hall, WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF, 2023](https://afghanistan.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1071/files/documents/2023-08/documentation-and-legal-identification-in-afghanistan_0_0.pdf)_\n_[x Ground Truth Solutions and Salma Consulting, Engaging women in the humanitarian response in Afghanistan, 2023](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62e895bdf6085938506cc492/t/65a14076341e334e824189e3/1705066623807/GTS_Afghanistan_UNWomen_Dec2023_EN.pdf)_\n_[xi Joint IOM, UN Women and UNAMA report on the situation of Afghan women, Summary report of country-wide women\u2019s consultations](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023)_\n_[December 2023 - Some women also reports they feel safer accessing distributions since the beginning of 2023, as safety mitigation measures](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghan-women-summary-report-country-wide-womens-consultations-december-2023)_\n_have been implemented by humanitarian organizations, such as prioritization of women in distribution centres, as well as women-specific_\n_and closed spaces in other aid locations_ .\n_xii Afghanistan Protection Monitoring tool_\n_xiii Herat Earthquakes Monitoring tool_\n_[xiv IRC: Gender-based violence](https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/what-gender-based-violence-and-how-do-we-prevent-it#:~:text=Impacts%20can%20range%20from%20physical,%2C%20and%20STIs%2C%20including%20HIV.)_\n\n_[xv IRC: Gender-based violence](https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/what-gender-based-violence-and-how-do-we-prevent-it#:~:text=Impacts%20can%20range%20from%20physical,%2C%20and%20STIs%2C%20including%20HIV.)_\n\n_[xvi ICRC, Children are the main victims of unexploded and abandoned weapons, 2023](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/afghanistan-children-victims-unexploded-abandoned-weapons)_\n_[xvii UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs Overview, 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-january-2023)_\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThis publication was done in collaboration with ACAPS and thanks to the contribution of all Protection Cluster partners.\nThe analysis is based on both quantitative and qualitative data from existing secondary data sources, protection\nassessments and reports covering events from July to December 2023, including data from key country-wide protection\nmonitoring tools; the Afghanistan Protection Monitoring tool and Herat Monitoring tool, and in consultation with AoRs. In\nDecember 2023, the Protection Cluster organized a Protection Analysis Workshop based on the Protection Analysis\nFramework (PAF) and counted with the participation of 30 participants covering the spectrum of protection related issues\nin Afghanistan. This product has been possible by the generous support of the European Union, Directorate General for\nCivil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation in Afghanistan.\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nData collection and case management have proven to be challenging for humanitarian protection services due to ongoing\ninterference and restrictions from the Taliban government, particularly regarding the hiring of women staff, the Mahram\nrequirement, and access to women community members. These operational constraints and challenges affect the level of\nprotection data that can be collected and used in understanding protection risks.\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n**Bujar Resthani -** **[reshtani@unhcr.org |](mailto:reshtani@unhcr.org)**\n**Stephen Katende -** **[stephen.katende@nrc.no](mailto:stephen.katende@nrc.no)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report on the situation of Afghan women", - "confidence": 0.5698197484016418, - "start": 310, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7217472195625305, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9805518388748169, - "start": 385, - "end": 386 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9849173426628113, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.9469886422157288, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.910165548324585, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9802998304367065, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d1801032-9ba3-4a6b-9712-b68c28f20d27/pau24_05_protection_analysis_update_afghanistan_may_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_842/raw/doc_842_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_842/raw/doc_842_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8dc2a33b825d42b7ee17c19f17063f3a7d280bce..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_842/raw/doc_842_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,969 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ETHIOPIA**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Update on conflict and climate-related protection risks trends\n\n#### **MARCH 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nThe situation in Ethiopia continues to be characterized by\n**multiple compounded crises**, with conflict, violence, and\nclimate change shocks, such as drought and flooding, exposing\nvast segments of the population to protection risks and human\nrights violations. Disease outbreaks and the impact of conflicts\nand climate change shocks affecting neighboring countries add\nto an already complex humanitarian situation in several areas\nin the country. As a consequence of these multiple shocks,\n**Ethiopia is among the African countries with the highest**\n**number of internally displaced persons and returnees** . These\nmovements are results of the shocks affecting the country, and\nin turn increase people\u2019s exposure to protection risks and their\nresorting to negative coping mechanisms. While different\nregions present different dynamics and shocks, the Protection\nCluster has identified five main protection risks requiring\nimmediate attention at country level:\n\n\n**1.** **Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, attacks on**\n\n\n\n_Source:HNO 2024_\n\n\n\n**civilian objects**\n**2.** **Child and forced family separation**\n**3.** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**4.** **Gender-based violence (and associated harmful practices such as FGM and child marriage)**\n**5.** **Impediments and or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent action is needed to decrease people\u2019s exposure to protection risks and their resort to negative coping strategies, driven\nby conflict and violence, as well as climatic shocks, with the ensuing displacement and exposure to multiple protection risks.\nIt is of utmost importance to:\n\n- Respect and protect civilians and civilian objects, including medical facilities and schools;\n\n- Ensure people\u2019s access to humanitarian assistance, including by allowing safe and unimpeded access for humanitarian\nactors to people in need;\n\n- Scale up the multi-sectoral integrated response to Gender-Based Violence and to child and family separation, including\ncase management, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Support, but also prevention and risk mitigation interventions.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON TRENDS IN PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | JUNE \u2013 DECEMBER 2023** **[i]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MINIMAL|Disinformation and denial of access to information
Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups
Torture or cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment|\n|---|---|\n|**STRESS**|Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention
Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects
Child and forced family separation
Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice
Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance
Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress
Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property
Trafficking in persons, forced labour or slavery-like practices
Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement|\n|**MODERATE**|Child, early or forced marriage
Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access|\n|**SEVERE**|Gender-based violence|\n\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n\n**BATTLE**\n**INCIDENTS**\n\n\n\n**CIVILIAN**\n**FATALITIES**\n\n\n\n**DROUGHT INDUCED**\n\n**CONFLICT INDUCED IDPs** **TOTAL RETURNEES**\n**IDPs**\n\n\n## **447 636 612,250 2,237,195 2,530,101**\n\n**Source: ACLED 2023** **Source: ACLED 2023** **Source: IOM DTM Round 34** **Source: IOM DTM Round 34** **Source: IOM VAS Round 17**\n\n\nThe situation in Ethiopia has been characterized for years by **multiple compounded crises**, with conflict, violence, and natural\ndisasters, such as drought and flooding, exposing vast segments of the population to protection risks and human rights\nviolations.\n\n\n**CONFLICT DYNAMICS EXACERBATED BY CLIMATIC SHOCKS SINCE 2020**\n\n\nIn November 2020, an armed **conflict** started **between the Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF) on the one hand, and on**\n**the other, Government forces**, with the Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) supported by Amhara and Afar regional\nforces, militias, and the Eritrean government forces. The hostilities in Tigray spilled over in June 2021, creating long-lasting\nhumanitarian consequences also in the neighboring regions of Amhara and Afar. In November 2022, the Government of\nEthiopia and the TPLF signed a Cessation of Hostilities Agreement to put an end to the conflict. However, months of hostilities,\nas well as severe restrictions to humanitarian aid, trade, banking system, and communication system in Tigray had engendered\nlong-lasting consequences, and despite the signing of the agreement, reports of ongoing human rights violations in the\n[following months continued. Close to one million people remained displaced in Tigray as of January 2024 (OCHA SitRep Jan](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-jan-2024)\n[2024)ii. Moreover, key issues of contention remain unresolved, such as the status of \u201ccontested areas\u201d (in the West and South](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-jan-2024)\nof Tigray), plus, foreign forces would still be present in some areas (impeding returns), and explosive remnants of war (ERW)\ncontinue to impact humanitarian access and recovery activities, impeding access to essential services and threatening civilian\nlives in the northern regions of Tigray, Amhara and Afar.\n\n\nThe humanitarian needs in Northern Ethiopia have been further exacerbated by the outbreak of **hostilities between the**\n**Government of Ethiopia and armed elements in the Amhara region**, since April 2023 and then again August 2023. A sixmonth state of emergency was declared on 4 August 2023 and renewed in February 2024 for four months, allowing the\nGovernment security forces to take various measures of control against its citizens, including to restrict their rights to freedom\nof movement, expression, and assembly, and to carry out searches and arrests. Climate shocks have further affected people\n\nin Amhara, in particular **drought-like**\n**conditions** in Eastern Amhara, which also\nextended to Southern Tigray, and an\nadditional complicating factor has\nsometimes been the lack of access for\nhumanitarian actors due to the security\nsituation.\n\n\nOther regions in Ethiopia are also affected\nby multiple overlapping humanitarian\nshocks, in particular **hostilities/violence**\n**and natural disasters** such as drought and\nflooding. The impact of inter-communal\nclashes in **Afar, Benishangul Gumuz,**\n**Gambella, and Somali regions, and of**\n**clashes between armed groups and**\n\n**Government forces in Oromia region**, has\n_Figure \u2013 Conflict events per Region in 2023_\nbeen compounded by climatic shocks.\n_Source: The Armed Conflict Location & Events Data Project (ACLED)_\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nBoth in **West and South Oromia**, clashes continued\nto be reported between non-state armed groups\nand Ethiopian Governmental forces. A second\nround of peace talks between the Oromo Liberation\nArmy (OLA) \u2014 referred to by the government as the\nOromo Liberation Front (OLF)-Shane **(OLA/OLF-**\n**Shane) and the Government of Ethiopia** took place\nin Tanzania in November 2023, but ended without\nan agreement. Humanitarian access has remained\nchallenging in various parts of the region.\n**Benishangul Gumuz** has been characterized by an\nimproved security situation, with a peace process\nstarted in the second half of 2022 and peace\nagreements signed by the regional Government\nwith two different armed groups, the Gumuz\nPeople\u2019s Democratic Movement (GPDM, October\n2022) and the Benishangul People\u2019s Liberation\nMovement (BPLM, December 2022). However,\nhumanitarian needs for IDPs who have returned to\ntheir places of origin remain important.\n\n\n\n_Figure \u2013 Snapshot of Ethiopia National Access Map_\n\n\n\nAlso, sporadic clashes and violence have been reported _as of 31 January 2024_\nin Benishangul Gumuz in 2023, and **ethnic violence** has _Source: OCHA,_ _[Ethiopia National Access Map](https://reliefweb.int/map/ethiopia/ethiopia-national-access-map-31-january-2024?_gl=1*1qvzjcg*_ga*MjAwMTU4NTg4OS4xNjk3MTEzNDA4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxMTQ1MDE2Ni42Ni4xLjE3MTE0NTAxNzUuNTEuMC4w)_\nsimilarly continued to flare up, with clashes and attacks\nagainst ethnic minorities in border areas between **Oromia and Amhara**,specially in June 2023, which impacted the\nhumanitarian operations In addition to internal dynamics and displacement, Somali region is also affected by the threat from\nAl Shabab and by dynamics in Somalia \u2013 some 100,000 refugees arrived in the Doolo zone in February 2023, due to conflict in\nLaas Caanood city.\n\n\n**Similarly to Amhara, climatic shocks** have added to the impact of these conflict dynamics on affected people. Due to three\nconsecutive failed rainy seasons since late 2020, Ethiopia has experienced one of the most severe **droughts** in East Africa,\nlasting until 2023 and leading to displacement, acute malnutrition, and widespread acute food insecurity. As of January 2024,\nabout **4 million people** in drought affected **Afar, Amhara, Tigray, Oromia, South Ethiopia, and Southwest** needed urgent food\nassistance, according to the Government of Ethiopia and the Food Cluster (1.7 million in Amhara, 1.4 million in Tigray). **Flooding**\nalso repeatedly affected parts of the country, with a first wave in February and a second one in November 2023 in **Gambella,**\n**South Ethiopia Regional State, Somali, Afar, Southwest Ethiopia Peoples\u2019 Region (SWEPR), and Oromia** . The second wave,\ninduced by El Ni\u00f1o, affected an estimated 1.5 million people, mainly in the Somali region (more than 1 million), and displaced\nan estimated 632,700 people.\n\n\nClimate disasters and constraints to access due to violence and conflict have also exacerbated the situation in terms of **disease**\n**outbreaks**, with malaria, measles, and cholera in various parts of the country worsening an already dire humanitarian situation.\n\n\nAs an additional stressor, the **conflict that erupted in Sudan in April 2023** has led to an inflow of returnees, refugees and third\ncountry nationals in Ethiopia, especially in Metema - West Gondar Zone (Amhara), and Kurmuk - Assosa Zone (Benishangul\nGumuz), where transit centers emerged. Between April and the beginning of December 2023, over 91,500 people entered\nfrom Sudan: 43% Ethiopian returnees (including 3,341 Ethiopian refugee returnees), 39% Sudanese nationals, and 18% third\ncountry nationals. In the first querter of 2024, clashes took place in the Al Jazirah and Sennar State in East-Central Sudan, so\nthat it is not to be excluded that new waves of displacement might lead to more arrivals in Ethiopia.\n\n\n**DISPLACEMENT, THE FOOD AID PAUSE, AND INFLATION: EROSION OF LIVELIHOODS AND COPING CAPACITIES**\n\n\nThe aforementioned shocks all contributed to waves of **forced displacement**, which added to the people that had been already\ndisplaced in previous years (so-called protracted IDPs). Extensive forced displacement has followed all the humanitarian\nshocks, making it the central underlying dynamic that contributes to and accompanies the other protection risks identified in\nthis analysis.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nAs of October 2023, almost **4.6**\n**million people** were calculated as\n**internally displaced in Ethiopia**, the\nmajority displaced **as a result of**\n**conflict** (2.24 million IDPs or **64.66%** ),\nfollowed by **drought** (0.61 million\nIDPs or **17.70%** ). The majority of IDPs\nprimarily displaced by conflict are in\nTigray region (almost 0.95 million\nIPDs or 42.16% of the conflict-related\nIDPs), while the majority of those\nprimarily displaced by drought are in\nSomali region (more than 0.4 million\nIDPs or 67.09% of the droughtrelated IDPs). **Returning IDPs** are\nestimated at **more than 3.2 million**\nas of October 2023, with the highest\nnumber in Tigray (more than 1.5\nmillion or 43.91%), and Amhara\n(almost 0.39 million or 15.41%).\nHowever, these numbers do not\ninclude IDPs and returning IDPs in areas that were inaccessible at the time of the surveys (i.e., parts of: Amhara, Tigray, Somali,\nBenishangul Gumuz, and Oromia), _Figure: Displaced population by Region as of September 2023_\nthus the real numbers are likely to be _Source: DTM Site Assessment Round 34, DTM VAS Round 17 and IOM_\nhigher.\n\n\nAlso, the search for solutions to displacement (return, relocation, or local integration) has posed serious challenges, especially\nin terms of respect for the principles that all return or relocation need to be voluntary, fully informed, safe, dignified, and\n[sustainable (for example, see reports on returns/relocations from Amhara to Oromia, Addis Standard 21/03/2024).](https://addisstandard.com/idps-recently-returned-from-amhara-to-oromia-region-opt-to-turn-back-while-others-choose-to-stay-despite-turmoil/)\n\n\nThe **level of inflation in the country throughout 2023** has further exacerbated people\u2019s vulnerability and diminished ability to\nreact to shocks. The inflation slightly declined in 2023, and is projected to further decline in 2024, but its consequences remain,\n[with a decrease in individuals\u2019 purchasing capacity (AFDB last accessed 15/01/2023,](https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/ethiopia/ethiopia-economic-outlook) [APA News 29/11/2023,](https://apanews.net/ethiopias-inflation-rate-drops-for-first-time-in-six-months/) [UNDP](https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-03/UNDP%20Quarterly%20Economic%20Profile%20March%202023.pdf)\n02/03/2023). Similarly, the **suspension of food aid** by USAID and WFP in May and June 2023 in Tigray and the entire country\n(maintained for almost seven months), due to concerns related to aid diversion, has had a significant impact on the population.\nFood aid distribution has restarted in October for refugees and in December for IDPs and host communities. During the food\npause, the Ethiopian authorities continued their food distributions, but they could not cover all the needs, and the impact of\nthe food pause has been severe and has continued also after the distribution restarted, given the time needed to deploy the\nnew operating model to reach all beneficiaries. Families already affected by conflict and drought have been pushed into\nextreme poverty, with their coping and recovering capacity further limited, in addition to an increase in the risks of acute\nmalnutrition primarily for children under five years of age, pregnant and lactating women, and older people. An increase in\n**negative coping strategies** has been reported (i.e., child labour, child begging, gender-based violence including child marriage\nand transactional sex, selling materials received from humanitarian agencies, collecting Explosive Remnants of War (ERW)\n/Unexploded Ordinances (UXOs)s for sale as scrap metal), with female-headed households bearing the brunt of the burden.\n\n\nFinally, another major concern is the **psychosocial impact on affected people** . Having gone through traumatic experiences,\nlost loved ones, witnessed violence, or been subjected to violence, reduced access to healthcare as a result of conflict, climate\nshock and disease outbreaks, many affected people report needs for specialized and non-specialized mental health and\npsychosocial support (MHPSS) services. Examples include; an assessment in Tigray conducted in 2023, where 9 out of 10 key\ninformants reported to have observed signs of distress among the different populations in their locations (UNHCR, Aug 2023),\nan assessment in Assosa reported that 47% of the respondents stated having experienced mental health problems related to\nforced displacement, and 22% of the respondents shared having experienced suicidal ideation in the camp (among which, 44%\n[reported having attempted suicide (IRC, UNHCR 2023), and an assessment in Amhara in October 2023 reported mental health](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/synopsis-mhpss-rapid-situational-analysis-assosa-ethiopia-2023)\n[issues as the main child protection issue arisen in 22% of assessed locations) (MIRA assessment).](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMTUwZjE0MTItNjAwYi00ODE4LTgzMWMtN2MzZTBmNWRlZjM0IiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxNmU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9)\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "droughtrelated IDPs", - "confidence": 0.759411633014679, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray", - "confidence": 0.6375172734260559, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7833207249641418, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6762858629226685, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Displaced population", - "confidence": 0.7966163754463196, - "start": 263, - "end": 265 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DTM Site Assessment Round 34", - "confidence": 0.644427478313446, - "start": 281, - "end": 286 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Displaced population", - "confidence": 0.8163966536521912, - "start": 263, - "end": 265 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5029937028884888, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5478181838989258, - "start": 792, - "end": 793 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9287936687469482, - "start": 821, - "end": 822 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray", - "confidence": 0.8518365621566772, - "start": 794, - "end": 795 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9413343667984009, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9112876653671265, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected people", - "confidence": 0.8385027647018433, - "start": 770, - "end": 772 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MIRA assessment", - "confidence": 0.5262247920036316, - "start": 912, - "end": 914 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5433107614517212, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amhara", - "confidence": 0.6405678987503052, - "start": 885, - "end": 886 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5426228642463684, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5838414430618286, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n#### RISK 1 Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, attacks on civilian objects\n\n\nGiven the situation of violence and insecurity in various parts of the country, civilian deaths and injuries are reported, as well\nas damage to public infrastructure and private property, and consequences on civilians due to the presence of UXO).\n\n\n**Civilian deaths are recorded due to targeted killings and crossfire** during or following clashes between armed non-state\nactors, particularly the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) \u2014 referred to by the government as the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF)Shane (OLA/OLF-Shane) and Fano militias and government forces. ACLED recorded **more than 3,500 fatalities** across the\ncountry in 2023, with the region most affected being West Oromia (East Wollega, West Shewa zones, East Shewa, Huru Gudru\nWollega, North Shewa, Qellem Wollega zones) and Amhara (North Shewa and Oromo Special zones), as well as South Oromia\n[(Guji and West Guji, Borana and East Borana zones) (ACLED](https://acleddata.com/) last accessed 26/12/2023).\n\n\nSince the beginning of the conflict in Northern Ethiopia, the use of fatal **air-delivered munitions (including through the use of**\n**drones)** by Ethiopian government has been reported, as far back as November 2021; such incidents have been reported in\n**Tigray, Amhara and Oromia** regions. [iii] **Fighting** between OLA/OLF-Shane, Fano militias and the government remains ongoing. [iv]\nThe **risk of ethnically motivated attacks** **on civilians** in Amhara and Oromia also remains high. [v] All these dynamics have led to\nreported deaths and injuries to civilians.\n\n\nCivilian deaths have been recorded also in Tigray\u2019s north-western and western zones, reportedly due to the presence of\nAmhara Special Forces, Fano militias and foreign forces. The two zones represent some of the areas that are contested by both\nthe Amhara and Tigrayan regional states. Moreover, localized **inter-communal violence** has also caused civilian deaths and\ninjuries, as reported in Benishangul Gumuz (ACLED database), in Afar and Oromia, around the Afar-Somali border, in Gambella\n[and in Central and Southern Ethiopia (Gurage, Konso) (UNFPA July 2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unfpa-ethiopia-humanitarian-response-situation-report-july-2023) [EPO, EPO 14-20/10/2023).](https://epo.acleddata.com/segen-area-peoples-zone-conflict/)\n\n\n**Attacks on medical personnel, ambulances and the medical mission** [vi] have exacerbated people\u2019s health needs and impacted\ntheir access to healthcare, in particular in Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray, where the population has been facing multiple health\ncrises due to the conflict and drought (cholera, malaria, measles and conflict-related casualties) and their impact on access to\n[essential health services (WHO](https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ethiopia/news/who-ethiopia-and-health-cluster-are-delivering-last-mile-amhara) [24/11/2023, ICRC](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/operational-update-ethiopia-hospitals-amhara-receive-lifesaving-medical-supplies) [16/08/2023, ICRC](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/ethiopia-healthcare-crisis-oromia-exacerbated-massive-displacement) 22/06/2023).\n\n\nIn addition to civilian casualties, the fighting and violence have had a significant **impact on essential infrastructure:**\n\n- In Amhara, the Angasa bridge, which connects the regional capital of Bahir Dar to Addis Abeba, suffered significant damage,\nleading to a complete halt of transportation services and obstructing farmers from transporting their harvest to the market\n[at the end of 2023 (Addis Standard 04/12/2023).](https://addisstandard.com/news-drone-strikes-in-amhara-region-result-in-loss-of-civilian-life-infrastructure-damage/)\n\n- **Health facilities** have also been impacted by conflict and violence, for example with a November 2023 assessment in the\n[North Shewa zone of Oromia, reporting damage to 53 health posts as well as 12 ambulances rendered unusable (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-dec-2023)\n[SitRep 12/2023). As a result of the Tigray conflict, 514 (80.6%) of the health posts, 153 (73.6%) of health centers, 16 (80%)](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-dec-2023)\nof the primary hospitals, and 12 (85.7%) of the hospitals were damaged or looted either fully or partially (Meher\nAssessment 2023). Insecurity and limited access to certain zones have also impeded the regular delivery of medicines.\n\n- Education has been similarly impacted by the security situation in both Oromia and Amhara, with 2.6M children out of\nschool and over 1,400 **schools damaged** [in Oromia, as of December 2023 (Ethiopia Education Cluster 12/2023). As of](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-education-cluster-quarterly-newsletter-april-june-2023)\nJanuary 2024, in Amhara, more than 2.7 million children remain out of school because of the impact of the Northern\nEthiopia conflict and the ongoing armed hostilities in the region, while in Tigray 94 schools remain used by IDPs (education\ncluster data 12/2023). In addition to being utilized by IDPs, numerous schools across the country are reportedly repurposed\nfor military activities.\n\n\nSimilarly, attacks have led to largescale **destruction of private properties**, with reports of property damages and presence of\n[armed actors in civilian infrastructure in Amhara (EHRC](https://ehrc.org/the-human-rights-impact-of-the-armed-conflict-on-civilians-in-amhara-regional-state/) 14/08/2023, [OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2023/11/ethiopia-violence-amhara-region) 17/11/2023), as well as ongoing consequences of\n[the conflict in Tigray and Afar (GSC - Ethiopia 01/06/2023,](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Afar_ESNFI_Cluster_Loss_and_Damage_Assessment_Report__July_2023.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20231123%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20231123T080030Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=38d26cc5f8eca6abb1ddad1cbb981cadd9ce949b21e0dddcfe48103bf1fd9aff) [UNHCR](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/07f9c5b6-4371-47b0-b66c-4500d7dbd9b3) [28/02/2023), and looting in Oromia (GPC - Ethiopia](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae)\n[14/09/2023, WHO, OCHA, UNICEF, Save the Children, World Vision, UNHCR](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/bb663ee9-9da4-4ad0-892e-19f3dbf5ff42) 31/08/2023).\n\n\n**Civilian deaths and injuries due to UXO** have also been occurring, mostly in conflict affected areas in Northern Ethiopia. This\nincludes larges sections of Tigray and Afar. Since the start of information collection mid-July 2023, close to 100 locations in\naccessible areas in the Tigray and Afar regions were recorded where unexploded ordnances were identified. This excludes all\nlegacy mine fields in the border areas with Eritrea. 1,041 devices, including but not limited to projectiles, mortars, rockets,\ngrenades, and air bombs were registered, marked, and/or removed and disposed of for destruction, with the help of local\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Benishangul Gumuz", - "confidence": 0.8045879006385803, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.5688158273696899, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9058914184570312, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Meher\nAssessment", - "confidence": 0.8340256810188293, - "start": 785, - "end": 787 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Meher", - "confidence": 0.661379873752594, - "start": 785, - "end": 786 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.5959293246269226, - "start": 850, - "end": 851 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9919596314430237, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6303779482841492, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ethiopia Education Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5032696723937988, - "start": 850, - "end": 853 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oromia", - "confidence": 0.5134339928627014, - "start": 843, - "end": 844 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7725920081138611, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.527384340763092, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "education\ncluster data", - "confidence": 0.9856207966804504, - "start": 908, - "end": 911 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.992595374584198, - "start": 913, - "end": 914 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5111212730407715, - "start": 906, - "end": 907 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information collection", - "confidence": 0.7250176072120667, - "start": 1110, - "end": 1112 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9482828974723816, - "start": 1069, - "end": 1070 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nauthorities. Based on survey efforts undertaken by various operators, the Ethiopian Mine Action office has recorded 1,500\nindividuals that gotten injured by anti-personnel mines and/or other explosive remnants of war since August 2023, of which\n1,014 male and 486 female, although not all cases were verified. It is understood that many more accidents go unreported.\nInitial analysis informs though that children make more than 25% of all casualties known. Most accidents happened while\ntampering with explosive devices, stepping on or touching them, or during herding. The absence of coherent, systematic, and\ncontinued victim assistance activities, compounded by the inaccessibility of certain areas in the North-Western part of the\ncountry and in Amhara, will only aggravate the likelihood of mine action incidents to happen and go unreported and\nunattended.\n\n\nDespite the long-term nature of the contamination in Ethiopia and extensive efforts to develop a mine action capability, the\nnational **capacity to manage and address the EO contamination** nationwide (both active and legacy contamination) is\ninsufficient to address the current scale. The national Ethiopian Mine Action Authority Office (EMAO), overseeing and\ncoordinating mine action interventions in the country, has a limited capacity to address the EO contamination. The registration\nand accreditation of international clearance partners will soon be completed, allowing them to commence activities in Ethiopia\n\n\nAttacks, risks of attacks and insecurity have led to psychosocial distress, displacement, loss of shelter and livelihood, and family\nseparation, with the ensuing increased exposure to violence and protection risks, especially for vulnerable individuals. The\nlimited availability of protection services for affected populations, such as services for GBV survivors, child protection services,\nsupport related to the lack or loss of civil documentation and housing, land and property documentation, and mine action\nactivities, hinders the capacity to support affected people and mitigate the consequences of attacks and/or related\ndisplacement.\n\n#### RISK 2 Child and forced family separation\n\n\nThe displacement caused by the shocks affecting Ethiopia has led to widespread family separation, affecting primarily children\nbut also, for example, people with disability and older people.\n\n\nAround 60,000 **children have been separated from their families** across Ethiopia primarily due to conflict-induced\ndisplacement and drought- and flood-related displacement. As per data from Child Protection partners, it is estimated that\n1.3-1.5% of children in Ethiopia are unaccompanied and separated children (UASC). However, the exact extent and scale of\nthe problem of UASC remains unknown and is likely to be higher. Indeed, there is weak documentation and filing system, no\nproper record on UASC children, and children have no identification documents, which challenges the verification of caseload.\n\n\nIncidents of separation and unaccompanied children have been on the rise particularly in Northern Ethiopia **due to the conflict**,\nas many children were separated from their parents while fleeing the conflict. Others have lost parents to the violence, leaving\nthe children with no caregivers. Between January and June 2023, ICRC reported having facilitated almost 121,000 contacts\n[(phone calls, oral messages, etc.) between family members separated by conflict and violence (ICRC 24/07/2023).](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/ethiopian-bulletin-january-june-2023)\n\n\nGiven that Amhara is one of the regions most impacted by conflict in Ethiopia in 2023, it is likely that a considerable number\nof separated children exists. In Bahir Dar alone, Amhara region, one month after the recent conflict, 15 newborn babies were\nfound abandoned. Overall, it is estimated that there are 8,000 **children in street situations** in Amhara and 5,000 in Tigray. This\ncaseload is part of the UASC caseload with higher protection risks. Families are also broken up when family members are\ndetained, leaving the households depending on one source of income. The spouse or relatives are forced to raise and support\nthe children and other family members alone, bearing the related economic burden and becoming more vulnerable to poverty\n[and exploitation (GPC 23/06/2022). According to an assessment conducted by child protection partners on the situation of](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/pau_ethiopia_final_17.6.2022.pdf)\nchildren attached to street in Tigray and Amhara, ongoing conflict was the major reason for displacement, disruption of\nlivelihood, loss of their families, lack food and other factors. Only 1% of the street children mentioned that they joined street\nlife due to family disagreement/divorce. The majority of the street children tried to earn an income on a daily basis (shining of\nshoes, selling of small items across the routes and bars \u2013 during the night). Through the engagement of in such activities, they\nreported earning ETB 50 to 100 per day, sometimes up to ETB 200. 50% of the interviewed children did not feel good with\ntheir working environment, only 27% ate three times a day and 73 % twice a day regardless of its quality and quantity. 27% of\ninterviewed children were affected by food-related diseases like poisoning and bloating. 73% of the interviewed street\nchildren, particularly children between 11-14 years of age, expressed high willingness to reunify with their families.\n\n\nFamily separation has also been reported **across drought-affected areas**, in Oromia and Somali regions, as some individuals\nleave their households in search of livelihood opportunities, food, and safe water. Families are forced to move to various\n[locations, resulting in women, children and elderly persons being left behind as they could not move fast (WHO 22/09/2023,](https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ethiopia/news/northern-ethiopia-public-health-situation-analysis-phsa-25-august-2023)\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7779414653778076, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6391650438308716, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ethiopian Mine Action office", - "confidence": 0.8264711499214172, - "start": 20, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ETHIOPIA", - "confidence": 0.987631618976593, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.692295491695404, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.5833758115768433, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from Child Protection partners", - "confidence": 0.9421320557594299, - "start": 435, - "end": 440 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9799695611000061, - "start": 380, - "end": 381 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.6042712330818176, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "documentation and filing system", - "confidence": 0.6174243092536926, - "start": 490, - "end": 494 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ICRC", - "confidence": 0.5303981304168701, - "start": 574, - "end": 575 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.5736536979675293, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.818090558052063, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC caseload", - "confidence": 0.9741492867469788, - "start": 699, - "end": 701 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8909528255462646, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5623275637626648, - "start": 629, - "end": 630 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9302082657814026, - "start": 771, - "end": 772 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "child protection partners", - "confidence": 0.8918970823287964, - "start": 774, - "end": 777 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8725581169128418, - "start": 765, - "end": 766 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n[ACAPS 07/02/2023, WHO 22/03/2023, Save the Children 04/05/2021). Children remain without caregivers, and people with](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/b6cee010-962c-4332-8868-4abb9eb5ca61)\ndisabilities and older people who are left behind face increased vulnerability.\n\n\n**Family separation impacts** the mental and physical wellbeing of children, as they lose the support of extended families and\nneighbors. This is reflected for example in a recent rapid assessment conducted in Somali region, where psychological distress\nwas reported as resulting from multiple displacements and family separation. Separated children also face enormous\nchallenges in meeting their basic needs, missing the people in their lives who would usually help them find food, water, and\nshelter. Individuals who have become separated from their families can also be vulnerable to other protection risks such as\n[child labor, sexual harassment, child recruitment, gender-based violence (RDRMB 31/08/2023, Save the Children 04/05/2021).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/81c16dae-1623-4eb7-96f0-ec2b8fb90429)\nHaving said that, the extent of the vulnerability of the separated members depends on the degree of separation \u2013 whether\nthey are separated from a close relative or extended family. Also, the reasons for separation and the characteristics of those\nseparated can impact their level of vulnerability. For example, children and people with disabilities or older people can be\nparticularly vulnerable to abuse and exploitation when separated. Also, circumstances around displacement itself can increase\nthe children's vulnerability to separation from caregivers, such as the loss of documentation.\n\n\nIn terms of **response to family separation**, the ICRC in 2023 found 2,563 missing people and reconnected them with their\nfamilies, and it has been conducting family reunifications in Ethiopia and internationally. Also, according to the first postreunification monitoring assessment carried out by CP partners in Tigray in August 2023, 94.4 % of the visited children remained\nwith the family/extended family after reunification while 5.6% of the children were subject to secondary separation to various\nlocations by different reasons. On the governmental side, the Ministry of Women and Social Affairs issued the Directive on\nAlternative Childcare and Support in October 2023, which serves as a Legal farmwork for alternative childcare service provision,\nstandardizes the service provision and prevents children from being unnecessarily placed in institutional care. It also provides\nclear guidance on response during emergencies.\n\n\nHowever, challenges remain, in particular:\n\n1. Lack of capacity among child protection actors for family tracing and reunification.\n2. The main family tracing actor is ICRC and ICRC covers only children separated by conflict who are willing to be reunified\n\nwith their parents).\n3. Lack of Child Protection partners in some locations.\n4. Majority of the reunited children engaging in different types of child labor activities due to poverty, the consequences of\n\nthe food aid pause and food insecurity, and CP partners having very limited capacity/resources to provide support after\nreunification.\n5. Weak documentation and filing system, with no proper record on UASC.\n6. Lack of identification documents for children, which challenges the verification of the caseload.\n\n\nIn areas affected by conflict and violence, damage to public infrastructure and private property (see analysis Risk 1), as well as\nthe ensuing displacement, have impacted on people\u2019s access to resources and on their livelihood opportunities. Similarly,\ndrought and floods have led to severe loss of assets: Just as an example, more than 86,000 livestock were reported dead in\nAmhara due to drought, only 37% of production was harvested during the Meher season 2023 in Tigray, and global acute\nmalnutrition rates surged above emergency threshold in Afar, Amhara and Tigray (OCHA SitRep Jan 2024).\n\n\nThe damage to or destruction of public infrastructure has created additional barriers to access to basic services:\n\n- In terms of **barriers to access to healthcare**, in addition to attacks/damages to healthcare structure and workers (see\nanalysis Risk 1), floods in the last quarter of 2023 damaged 150 health facilities in Somali region, 55 in West Guji (Oromia)\n[and 14 in South Ethiopia Region (OCHA SitRep Dec 2023 and OCHA Oct-Nov-Dec rainy season Flash Update 1, 12/2023).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-dec-2023)\nFurthermore, stigma and cost hamper access to **healthcare services and MHPSS for GBV victims** - see analysis Risk 4.\n\n- Children, especially girls, also face numerous cultural, social, and economic **barriers in the way of accessing education**, and\nonce in education, there is a high dropout rate among girls. Additionally, many schools lack basic infrastructure, such as\nclassrooms, libraries, and toilets. In addition to the damages to school infrastructure due to conflict (see analysis Risk 1),\nfloods also impacted access to education: For example, in Somali region, following the flood in November 2023, over 66,000\nchildren (32.3% girls) saw their schooling disrupted, with 56 out of 146 flood-affected schools damaged or destroyed (OCHA\nSitRep Jan 2024). This infrastructure gap can have a significant impact on the quality of education, with overcrowded\n[classrooms and inadequate facilities hindering students\u2019 ability to learn (PIN 13/02/2023,](https://www.peopleinneed.net/in-ethiopia-we-are-leaving-no-girl-behind-10009gp) [Brokenchalk last accessed](https://brokenchalk.org/educational-challenges-in-ethiopia/)\n16/11/2023).\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid assessment", - "confidence": 0.9693100452423096, - "start": 90, - "end": 92 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "mental and physical wellbeing of children", - "confidence": 0.829807698726654, - "start": 64, - "end": 70 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somali region", - "confidence": 0.9951745867729187, - "start": 94, - "end": 96 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9336059093475342, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "postreunification monitoring assessment", - "confidence": 0.9945042133331299, - "start": 338, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CP partners", - "confidence": 0.908315122127533, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.650245726108551, - "start": 328, - "end": 329 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5587638020515442, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.965145468711853, - "start": 306, - "end": 307 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "visited children", - "confidence": 0.5363190174102783, - "start": 358, - "end": 360 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n- Previous months also witnessed limits in access to food assistance for people in need. USAID and WFP **suspended the**\n**distribution of food aid** in May and June 2023 in Tigray and the entire country, due to concerns related to aid diversion\n[(ABC News 08/08/2023, Reuters 08/08/2023), at a time in which Ethiopia\u2019s food crisis was deepening as a result of conflict](https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/world-food-program-slowly-resumes-food-aid-ethiopia-102094336#:~:text=NAIROBI%2C%20Kenya%20%2D%2D%20The%20United,scheme%20to%20steal%20donated%20grain.)\nin the North and Horn of Africa\u2019s worst drought in decades. Distributions resumed in October for refugees and in parts of\nTigray, and in December for IDPs and host communities. This pause however exacerbated families\u2019 negative coping\nmechanisms such as skipping meals, consuming low-quality food and reduced quantity, begging, child labour, child\n[marriage, sale and exchange of sex (transactional sex) (OCHA 04/08/2023). The resumption of aid came after reforms were](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-4-aug-2023)\nintroduced to prevent diversion, such as GPS tracking of food delivery trucks, spot checks of grain warehouses and mills,\nand insisting that humanitarian partners share joint approval with Ethiopian officials of the beneficiary lists for donated\n[grain and other food aid (UNHCR 22/11/2023, AP 15/11/2023, Reuters 14/11/2023). While some of these measures will](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105000#:~:text=Following%20the%20resumption%20of%20food,camps%20and%20sites%20in%20Ethiopia.)\nlikely ensure better tracking of food aid, the strict criteria for distribution, the time needed to implement the changes, and\nreduced access to certain areas, lead to the risk that a significant part of the population in need may not be reached.\n\n\nEven when assistance is available, **additional barriers and obstacles** exist for people, especially vulnerable ones, to access it.\n\n\n**People with disabilities (PwD)** often suffer attitudinal challenges within their community and face different **barriers during**\n**aid delivery** . For example, in Tigray, humanitarian staff\u2019s behaviour is reportedly influenced by factors such as poor cultural\npractices during aid delivery, lack of awareness of the socio-economic contribution of women with disabilities, and\nnoncompliance with the internal code of conduct of humanitarian staff. Data shows that the intersections of poverty and\ninequality in access to basic services can have a disproportionate impact on women and girls with disabilities. This is reflected\nin findings from Tigray, where 44% of respondents reported positive attitudes from humanitarian staff toward women with\ndisabilities, while 33.5% witnessed negative attitudes. Also, girls with disabilities can be at risk of child marriage due to poverty,\n[as families often marry off their daughters to alleviate financial pressures (GPC - Ethiopia 30/06/2023,](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/1f0c86c3-aa7b-4477-ac91-7af964975b76) [HRW 22/02/2023).](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/22/people-disabilities-humanitarian-emergencies-and-situations-risk)\nExisting institutions fail to include active participation of PwD in policy formulation, decision-making, and socio-political\nrepresentations, with institutional barriers such as inadequate laws, policies, standards, and systems which further exclude\n[PwD. These barriers prevent PwDs from having an adequate standard of living, equal rights, and opportunities (GPC - Ethiopia](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/1f0c86c3-aa7b-4477-ac91-7af964975b76)\n30/06/2023).\n\n\nSimilarly, **older persons face multiple and intersectional** (age, disability, and gender, as well as other diversity factors) **forms**\n**of discrimination**, which can be exacerbated in times of humanitarian crises, such as chronic poverty, social isolation, denial\nof their rights, lack of access to community support services, lack of accessible communication and information, denial of their\nlegal capacity, barriers in accessing justice, and attitudinal barriers such as stigmatization. According to two reports by HelpAge\non older people\u2019s perspectives on humanitarian assistance, the vast majority of older people interviewed stated that they are\nexcluded from needs assessments and decision-making mechanisms in humanitarian settings, and that they face physical,\nattitudinal and institutional to accessing humanitarian assistance and services, with women who seem to be under greater\n[strain than men (HelpAge 2019, HelpAge 2020). A Rapid Needs Assessment conducted by HelpAge International in Tigray in](https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2Fck%2Fa%3F!%26%26p%3D45817417c6456589JmltdHM9MTcxMTkyOTYwMCZpZ3VpZD0xNjkyYjdmYy02ZTc3LTYxMGItM2MxZC1hM2MzNmY3MTYwY2ImaW5zaWQ9NTI1Mw%26ptn%3D3%26ver%3D2%26hsh%3D3%26fclid%3D1692b7fc-6e77-610b-3c1d-a3c36f7160cb%26psq%3Dwho%2Bmany%2Bolder%2Bpeople%2Baffected%2Bby%2Bemergencies%2Breported%2Bexperiencing%2Bdiscrimination%2Bbased%2Bon%2Btheir%2Bage.%2B%26u%3Da1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudW4ub3JnL2RldmVsb3BtZW50L2Rlc2EvZHNwZC93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvc2l0ZXMvMjIvMjAxOS8wNS9XaGF0LW9sZGVyLXBlb3BsZS1zYXktYWJvdXQtdGhlaXItZXhwZXJpZW5jZXMtaW4taHVtYW5pdGFyaWFuLXNpdHVhdGlvbnNfVmVyaXR5LU1jR2l2ZXJuLnBkZg%26ntb%3D1&data=05%7C02%7Calice.gadler%40drc.ngo%7C5db388df5cb04460f01d08dc525356d7%7C2a212241899c4752bd3351eac3c582d5%7C0%7C0%7C638475765961589459%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=wNMNfNPPzhoWE6H7uaDGLhPR12%2FZUs9hggGFscDaLPE%3D&reserved=0)\nOctober 2023 revealed that 49% of interviewed older people affirmed facing denial of resources. Ageism and discrimination\nviolate the human rights of older persons, exacerbate inequalities, and can result in serious consequences during humanitarian\ncrises by increasing their vulnerability to protection and health risks, malnutrition, and social isolation.\n\n\n**Humanitarian access** is an additional factor affecting people\u2019s ability to access basic services and humanitarian assistance.\nHumanitarian access in northern Ethiopia has gradually but significantly improved since the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement\nin November 2022. Humanitarian operations have expanded in some previously hard-to-reach areas in Afar, Amhara and\nTigray Regions. However, some **areas remain hard-to-reach**, such as contested areas, and parts of Amhara region have been\nnewly classified as \u201chard-to-reach\u201d due to the ongoing conflict. Also, humanitarian access is still challenging in parts of Oromia\n[and Benishangul Gumuz, mostly due to insecurity (OCHA last accessed 16/11/2023, OCHA 15/08/2023, OHCHR 03/10/2023).](https://www.unocha.org/ethiopia#:~:text=Other%20parts%20of%20Ethiopia%20%E2%80%93%20particularly,people%20with%20life%2Dsaving%20assistance.)\n\n\nMoreover, ongoing restrictions on humanitarian operations continue due to **attacks on humanitarian workers**, particularly in\nin Tigray, Oromia, and Amhara regions. Since 2019, 36 humanitarian workers have been killed, most of them national staff, in\naddition to the arrest, detention, harassment and intimidation of humanitarian workers. According to the Aid Worker Security\nReport, despite a decline in overall incidents in Ethiopia, more aid workers were kidnapped in 2022 (13 people) than ever\nrecorded for the country. One carjacking of an aid convoy - in which eight aid workers were kidnapped \u2013 contributed to the\nincrease. Most of the reported kidnapping incidents occurred in Oromia. Hospitals and ambulance were also reportedly looted\n[and damaged in Oromia. Impunity for such attacks further exacerbates risks to aid workers and humanitarian operations (CDCB](https://cdcbor.org/publications/policy-brief-on-creating-sense-of-urgency-for-intervention-in-conflict-affected-areas-of-oromia-ethiopia/)\n[17/10/2023, OHCHR 03/10/2023, Humanitarian Outcomes 17/08/2023).](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A-HRC-54-CRP-2.pdf)\n\n\nEven in areas where access is possible, needs exceed the Government and humanitarian partners\u2019 capacity to respond.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.868325412273407, - "start": 424, - "end": 425 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray", - "confidence": 0.981044590473175, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "People with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.5358455181121826, - "start": 344, - "end": 347 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7105420231819153, - "start": 776, - "end": 779 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Rapid Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5470329523086548, - "start": 776, - "end": 779 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HelpAge International", - "confidence": 0.919255256652832, - "start": 781, - "end": 783 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray", - "confidence": 0.7655425071716309, - "start": 784, - "end": 785 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8959360718727112, - "start": 790, - "end": 791 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6016491651535034, - "start": 769, - "end": 770 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older people", - "confidence": 0.5956624746322632, - "start": 797, - "end": 799 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n#### **RISK 4 Gender Based Violence**\n\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) remains a key concern in communities affected by displacement due to conflict, drought, and\nfloods, but also among those who are affected but not displaced. The extent of GBV in Ethiopia remains unknown, partly due\nunderreporting. Pre-crisis data from the Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016), indicates 35% of ever married women\naged 15-49 experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual violence from their husband or partner, 68% agreeing that wife-beating\ncan be justified and about 65% of women aged 15-49 having undergone FGM. Humanitarian shocks exacerbate the incidence\nof GBV, undermine the rule of law, and heighten the vulnerabilities of women and girls to violence. According to the yearly\nHumanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) documents, countrywide, the number of People in Need (PIN) for GBV services increased\nfrom 5.8 million in 2022 to 6.7 million in 2023 to 7.2 million in 2024. million.\n\n\nPeople who live in areas that remain exposed to **conflict and presence of armed actors** are especially at risk of GBV, as well as\ndisplaced women and children [(UN Women 18/08/2023, RDRMB 05/04/2023). Certain highly militarised areas are hotspots of](https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/feature-story/2023/08/in-ethiopia-a-rapidly-changing-humanitarian-crisis-demonstrates-the-need-for-a-flexible-response)\n[GBV incidents, as reflected in reports from Hawzen, Tigray (UNHCR 28/02/2023). Indeed, the main perpetrators of GBV are](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/07f9c5b6-4371-47b0-b66c-4500d7dbd9b3)\narmed **actors, but also community and host community members** . In the case of children, sexual abuse occurs most often by\n[people the child knows and trusts (UNICEF last accessed 05/01/20234, NCBI 03/2012). According to data collected since the](https://www.unicef.org/malawi/protecting-children-violence-everyones-responsibility)\nstart of the Northern Ethiopia conflict between November 2020 and June 2023, 96% of perpetrators were identified by\n[survivors as armed actors (PHR 24/08/2023). Also, in Amhara region GBV incidents have increased at an alarming rate and](https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Report-PHR-OJAH-Ethiopia-Sexual-Violence-August-2023-ENG-WEB.pdf)\nincreasing numbers of GBV cases (including child marriages, bigamy, sexual and physical violences, and abductions) are\nreported also in West Hararghe zone in Oromia (OCHA SitRep 25/03/2024).\n\n\n**Lack of food and displacement** occasioned by conflict, ravaging drought, and flooding, exacerbated by the suspension of the\nfood distribution, has led to an increase in the incidence of GBV, and heightened risk of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA),\nas **women and girls have been forced into negative coping mechanisms** including sell and exchange of sex, and child\nmarriages. Studies conducted by FEWSNET, indicate that 57% of female headed households are food insecure, compared to\n[only 18% of households with male-headed households (FEWS NET 30/05/2023). Specifically, the suspension of food aid and](https://fews.net/east-africa/ethiopia/alert/may-2023)\nthe current drought-like conditions in certain areas of the country have further exacerbated household economic shocks at a\ntime when the conflict-affected regions are yet to recover from, among other factors, inflation, and an aid blockade. These\nissues have caused challenges in accessing markets for local goods and farm produce, resulting in cash shortages, reduced\npurchasing power, and a declining household economy that has pushed up individual and household poverty levels.\n\n\n**Child marriages** and sometimes associated **FGM** are among the common negative coping mechanisms, often in conjunction\n[with promotion of these practices by faith leaders (UN 17/08/2023). Ethiopia is home to an estimated 18.6 million child brides,](https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/august-2023/ethiopia-un-women-and-partners-fight-gender-based-violence)\nwith over 8 million married before age 15. An increase in child marriages, compounded by the practice of FGM, has been\nreported for example in Afar, a region affected by crisis, including inter-ethnic conflict, drought, and flooding, desert locusts,\n[exposing communities to displacement and food insecurity (GPC - Ethiopia 14/09/2023).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae) FGM is a widely prevalent socialcultural harmful practice done as a prerequisite for social acceptance, and marriage eligibility; evidence shows that this is a\n[generational practice, where mothers have also undergone the procedure, and expect their daughters to undergo it (GPC -](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae)\n[Ethiopia 14/09/2023). Even though FGM is practiced everywhere in Ethiopia, the highest prevalence was reported in Afar](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae)\n(91.6%), in Somali region (97.3%) and in Dire Dawa (92.3%). In contrary, the lowest prevalence was identified in Gambella and\n[Tigray (BMC 05/03/2022).](https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-022-01364-3#:~:text=Despite%20of%20the%20reduction%2C%20it,in%20Dire%20Dawa%20(92.3%25).)\n\n\nIn addition to displacement (and lack of segregated sleeping areas), other key factors contributing to GBV risks include **lack of**\n**firewood and potable water**, which forces women and children to walk for long distances to fetch them. For example, an\nassessment conducted in some woredas of Fafan and Siti of Somali Region, 66% of women and girls were reported to be at\nrisk of physical and sexual violence while fetching water or collecting firewood. This is against a backdrop of underreporting,\n[due to low access to services and social protection institutions, social stigma, and low awareness (RDRMB 31/08/2023,](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Somali_region_2023_Gu_Assessment_report_Non_food_part.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20231114%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20231114T081659Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6e493c1af647c0549574ffd00cbacdc650cef36dc0f1a042b6358954bf4af475)\n[HEKS/EPER 12/06/2023, GPC - Ethiopia 31/05/2023, RDRMB 05/04/2023, OHCHR 29/10/2022).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/2a8f56d8-a133-4f01-9bc3-189a675e5df6)\n\n\nSurvivors of GBV suffer from **short- and long-term consequences** affecting physical (bruising, injuries, traumas, etc.) and\nmental health (depression, humiliation, low self-esteem, feelings of inferiority, etc.). GBV consequences also include unwanted\npregnancies, exposure to sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, and reports of suicide. For children, consequences of\nsexual abuse can also impact their relationship with adults as they feel unsafe and less trusting of them. Currently, the lack of\nservices to GBV survivors, especially specialised services for children, hinders recovery and reintegration into the community.\n\n\nSurvivors also fear **stigmatization and rejection** from their communities, which discourages them from reporting or sharing\ntheir experiences. Women and girls in conflict-affected areas, express overall state of fear and distrust, likely due to the\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9996299743652344, - "start": 72, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9719632863998413, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "EDHS", - "confidence": 0.9496641159057617, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "author": { - "text": "EDHS", - "confidence": 0.827392578125, - "start": 77, - "end": 78 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ETHIOPIA", - "confidence": 0.9614027142524719, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9980607628822327, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8213037848472595, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "ever married women\naged 15-49", - "confidence": 0.6001958847045898, - "start": 85, - "end": 90 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8827617764472961, - "start": 961, - "end": 962 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9202110171318054, - "start": 1030, - "end": 1031 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "woredas", - "confidence": 0.5469722151756287, - "start": 965, - "end": 966 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nviolence they experienced and witnessed. This can discourage them from reporting to humanitarian workers and to the\n[authorities (GPC - Ethiopia 14/09/2023, UN Women 18/08/2023, OHCHR 29/10/2022). Despite the different institutions that](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae)\naddress these threats, such as the Bureau of Women Affairs (BoWA), survivors often resort to local support networks like\nwomen\u2019s support groups.\n\n\n**Barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services** include: violence and threats for accessing them, due to\nreligious and cultural taboos; high levels of poverty; lack of appropriate service providers; expensive cost of modern\ncontraceptive methods; destruction of health care infrastructures; long distance to access services; poor knowledge of SRH;\n[and limited access to information and Services (WHO, OCHA, UNICEF, Save the Children, World Vision, UNHCR 31/08/2023).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/bb663ee9-9da4-4ad0-892e-19f3dbf5ff42)\n[Furthermore, some survivors are unable to afford legal expenses related to GBV cases (Al Jazeera 12/11/2021). Institutions](https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/11/12/how-to-address-the-sexual-violence-epidemic-in-ethiopia)\nexist in Ethiopia to provide services to GBV survivors, but the gaps in response remain critical, due to factors that include the\nlimited number of one-stop centers and safe houses/shelters, as well as limited capacities of local authorities and funding for\nprotection partners. Just as an example, Amhara has only 10 one-stop centres and six safe houses/shelters, indicating\nsignificant resource and response gaps (OCHA SitRep 25/03/2024).\n\n#### **RISK 5 Impediments and or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice**\n\n\n**Displacement** often results in the loss or destruction of personal documentation and civil- and other registries. Lack of\ndocumentation and other means to prove one\u2019s identity can have serious consequences for individuals and communities,\nincluding restricted freedom of movement, limited access to life-saving services, and exposure to harassment or arbitrary\n[arrest and detention (UNHCR last accessed 14/11/2023). In Ethiopia, widespread displacement has led to the loss or](https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/4794b3042.pdf)\ndestruction of personal documentation and civil- and other registries for many IDPs. Additionally, the **lack of access to civil**\n**documentation impacts access to justice and to essential services such as legal, health, education, and livelihood** . Some\ncivilians have been deprived of their liberty due to unlawful **arrest or detention** in the areas where there are clashes between\ngovernment forces and unidentified armed groups (UAGs).\n\n\nLack of civil documentation compounds the challenges that IDPs face to exercise their **housing, land, and property (HLP) rights**\nduring displacement. Returnees may also struggle to assert their right to restitution or compensation for their HLP upon return,\nparticularly when documentation is lost. In circumstances where IDPs may face relocation or secondary displacement, the risk\nof violations of HLP rights increase. HLP issues are relevant during all stages of displacement and if not adequately addressed,\n[the potential for continued and increased conflicts over land will remain high (OCHA 01/2020).](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/ethiopia_humanitarian_needs_overview_2020.pdf)\n\n\nPositive developments in this field will hopefully follow the **domestication of the Kampala Convention** by the Ethiopian\nGovernment, [vii] through the adoption of a proclamation that is currently in draft state and, if adopted, will provide a\ncomprehensive legal framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs.\n\n\nEthiopia also presents a specific issue regarding **birth certificates and birth registration**, with a reported lack of birth\ncertificates increasing the risk of statelessness and creating challenges in accessing social services. This lack is partly due to\nEthiopia not having a functioning national vital events registration and vital statistics system: only 7% of children under five\nhave been registered at birth. The lack of formal mechanisms to register has been likely exacerbated with the ongoing conflicts\nand resulting displacement. Some humanitarian organisations have been working to increase registration, such as UNICEF\nwhich supports initiatives to expand birth registration services for children in IDP settings. UNICEF has been also working with\nthe Ethiopian government to remove procedural barriers and ensure expansion of birth registration and certification services\nto all IDP children. The government has made efforts to establish a standardized vital events registration system in the country,\n[and the adoption of a legal framework and institutional requirements has begun (UNICEF last accessed 14/11/2023, UNICEF](https://www.unicef.ca/en/ethiopia-birth-registration)\n11/11/2022).\n\n\nFurthermore, in 2023 the Government of Ethiopia launched a **new ID system known as Fadya**, which aims to provide a\n[biometric identity document to at least 90 million Ethiopians, with support from the World Bank (World Bank 13/12/2023).](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/12/13/world-bank-supports-afe-ethiopias-digital-id-project-to-increase-access-to-services-and-economic-opportunities)\nThis system is expected to ease individuals\u2019 access to essential services, but also access by relief beneficiaries to assistance\n(including cash). Indeed, IDPS, returnees, and non-displaced affected people will benefit from the new ID, and some\nhumanitarian agencies will collaborate with the authorities to reach these groups, starting pilot interventions at the beginning\n[of 2024 (IOM, 15/11/2023; Biometricupdate.com 16/10/2023, referring to UNICEF and UNHCR \u2013 the latter for refugees).](https://www.iom.int/news/ethiopia-partnership-eases-vulnerable-returnee-access-legal-identity-documents)\n\n\nDue to the lack of official judicial routes for the different threats that the affected population is facing, some have resorted to\n**traditional justice** . Women and girls have been resorting to traditional justice to address GBV issues such as FGM, child\n[marriage and domestic violence partly due to limited legal services (RDRMB 31/08/2023). However, there are reported](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Somali_region_2023_Gu_Assessment_report_Non_food_part.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20231114%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20231114T081659Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6e493c1af647c0549574ffd00cbacdc650cef36dc0f1a042b6358954bf4af475)\nchallenges for women and girls when accessing traditional justice mechanisms, with them having to rely on male family\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nmembers, and with customary laws and traditional justice structures **often lacking female representation**, hindering their\n[rights and in particular failing to address domestic violence effectively (GPC - Ethiopia 14/09/2023).](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/de793bd9-c312-4cbe-a648-636cbc553bae)\n\n\nOverall, it is important to note that according to reports EHRC and OHCHR, some IDPs consulted on transitional justice in\nEthiopia, suggested the establishment of an independent, impartial, credible, and autonomous national institution to lead the\ntruth-seeking and telling exercise. This is echoed by findings from UN-mandated Commission of Human Rights Experts on\n[Ethiopia (EHRC and OHCHR 19/12/2022, UN News 13/10/2023).](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/et/2022-12-19/20221219-Advisory-Note-TJ-by-EHRC-OHCHR.pdf)\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nThroughout 2023, **111 protection partners**\nresponded to the protection needs of around **2.7**\n**mil people** in need (40% men, 60% women, 38%\nchildren (72% Boys and 38% Girls), 1% PWD and\n3% elderly). Among the persons reached in 2023,\n36% were IDPs in site, 47% host communities, 8%\nIDPs out of site, and 9% IDP returnees. Activities\nthat reached the biggest numbers of\nbeneficiaries were awareness raising campaigns,\nincluding on GBV, child protection, explosive\nordnance risk education, and the provision of\nMHPSS and dignity kits.\n\n\nApproximately **851,679 people (23% men, 77%**\n**women, 20% children, 1% PWD and 4% elderly)**\n**were reached in January and February 2024** .\n\n\n\n\n\nactivities are expected to grow, with the _Source: ActivityInfo_\nfunding requirements in the HRP increased from USD 4 mil for 2023 to more than USD 16 mil for 2024 and expansion of\nactivities to several regions. Similarly, the Mine Action AoR has expanded its activities, and a further increase is expected to\ntake place once partners are accredited to carry out humanitarian demining activities.\n\n\n\n_Source: ActivityInfo_\n\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nWhile protection needs in Ethiopia remain\ncritical, the response in **2023** was funded at\nless than 50%, and partners managed to\n**reach 2.7 mil people out of the 4.9 mil**\n**people targeted** (around quarter of the 10.4\nmil people in need).\n\n\nFor 2024, the Protection Cluster has\nidentified **more than 14 mil people in need**\n(PIN), and aims to **target almost 5 mil**\n**people** :\n\n\n\n\n- **Child Protection** : 7.5 mil PIN; 2.38 mil\npeople targeted; 908.2 thousand\nreached\n\n- **Gender-Based Violence** : 7.17 mil PIN;\n2.37 mil People targeted;\n\n- **Housing, Land and Property** : 4.38 PIN;\naround 874.000 people targeted;\n\n- **Mine Action** : 6.72 mil PIN; around\n786.000 people targeted\n\n- **Protection** : 6.39 mil PIN; 2.59 people **targeted**\n\n\n\n_Figure \u2013 Number of People reached per zone in 2023_\n\n_Source: ActivityInfo_\n\n\n\nFinancial requirements to assist these people in need amount to around **USD 311.7 mil** . This represents a decrease\ncompared to the USD 344 mil required in 2023, especially considering that the response plan and the funding requirements\nfor 2024 include also the target population of returning migrants, which was not included in the HRP 2023.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\nUrgent action is required to reduce people\u2019s exposure to the protection risks identified in this analysis, as well as their resort\nto negative coping strategies. In particular:\n\n#### RISK 1 Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, attacks on civilian objects\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND WEAPON BEARERS**\n\n\n - Cease all attacks and violence against civilians, including attacks against military targets which are expected to cause\ndisproportionate damage to civilians and civilian objects;\n\n - Ensure precautionary measures are taken to prevent as much as possible civilian casualties and damage to civilian\ninfrastructures, such as medical facilities and schools;\n\n - Preserve the civilian nature of civilian infrastructures and humanitarian facilities, and avoid placing any military assets\nnearby medical facilities, schools, IDP and refugee camps;\n\n - Implement international instruments to eliminate mines and explosive hazards, such as the Convention on the Prohibition\nof the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines;\n\n - Allow humanitarian access for Mine Action operators to assess the contamination threat, mark and remove explosive\nremnants of war (for authorities: government to provide accreditation to Mine action partners to legally operate in\nEthiopia).\n\n - Investigate all suspected abuses, including complaints regarding unlawful killings and GBV committed by armed forces,\nprosecute those responsible, and provide adequate remedy and support to survivors and their families.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Increase efforts, including through engagement of authorities and funding, to ensure that armed forces comply with\nInternational Humanitarian Law (IHL) rules and other applicable law;\n\n - Engage with armed actors and strengthen relationship with those who can positively influence armed actors such as\npolitical, community and religious leaders;\n\n - Advocate for increased humanitarian support for Mine Action operators to assess the contamination threat, mark and\nremove explosive remnants of war.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Enhance targeted programmes by protection and non-protection actors to support survivors and their families;\n\n - Protection actors to expand protection monitoring activities and protection by presence to mitigate the risk associated\nwith attacks on civilians and civilian objects;\n\n - Engage with armed actors and strengthen relationship with those who can positively influence armed actors such as\npolitical, community and religious leaders;\n\n - Offer and support training to armed forces on basic IHL rules and other applicable law;\n\n - Build the capacity of national and regional mine action authorities, ensuring greater expertise in the management of mine\naction activities;\n\n - Develop and disseminate information among the civilian population, as well as humanitarian and development partners,\nregarding safety behavior during airstrikes and drone attacks, and risk education related to explosive ordnance\ncontamination; Facilitate access to medical and prolonged physical rehabilitation, psycho-social support, and assistance\nfor the (economic) reintegration of victims of Explosive Ordnance.\n\n#### RISK 2 Child and forced family separation\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA**\n\n\n - Support and facilitate family tracing and case management, children care arrangements and social services, including by\nensuring communication throughout the country, in conflict-affected areas;\n\n - Prioritize family-based care arrangements over long-term residential care of children;\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n - Ensure the implementation of the Directive on Alternative Childcare and Support (October 2023).\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Ensure adequate funding for family tracing activities and other child protection activities in the HRP as well as longerterm funding for sustainability linked to Humanitarian Development & Peace Nexus.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - All humanitarian workers to prioritize humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable children including unaccompanied\nand separated children (UASC), children engaged in labor, children attached to street;\n\n - Collaborate with child protection actors to ensure safe identification of children in need and provision of services and\nhumanitarian assistance;\n\n - Prioritize multi-year programmes for family tracing activities and support to separated family members, including UASC;\n\n - Support the existing 43 child protection partners, including local/national partners and government, through capacitybuilding activities, and invite more child protection actors to implement interventions in Ethiopia.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND WEAPON BEARERS**\n\n\n - Adhere to obligations under international law to facilitate safe and unhindered humanitarian access in all areas affected\nby conflict and violence, ensuring an enabling environment for the delivery of life-saving assistance;\n\n - Put an immediate stop to all attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilitate the safe and unhindered delivery of\nhumanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA**\n\n\n - Collaborate with humanitarian actors and other partners to ensure that the distribution of food aid to the populations in\nneed in the country proceeds in accordance with humanitarian principles and standards;\n\n - Work on ensuring that vulnerable groups, such as people with disabilities and older people, do not face barriers in access\nto essential services;\n\n - Strengthen the involvement of development actors to find sustainable solutions in drought-affected areas.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Advocate for humanitarian access, ensuring the safety of humanitarian personnel and acceptance and respect of\nhumanitarian principles;\n\n - Allocate resources to respond to the specific needs of vulnerable people and address the barriers they face to access\nessential services.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Strengthen civil-military coordination to address any concerns and enable safe and unhindered humanitarian access;\n\n - Collaborate with the Government of Ethiopia and partners to ensure that the distribution of food aid to the populations\nin need in the country proceeds in accordance with humanitarian principles and standards;\n\n - Maintain and increase access negotiations to enable protection by presence and protection activities which require\nsustained presence on the ground, including humanitarian mine action interventions;\n\n - Ensure an inclusive humanitarian response by eliminating barriers to access to assistance and services for vulnerable\ngroups, such as people with disabilities and older people, in accordance with humanitarian standards.\n\n#### RISK 4 Gender-based violence (GBV)\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND WEAPON BEARERS**\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | March 2024\n\n\n - Prevent and stop all GBV by armed personnel against civilians, especially women and girls, including by providing the\nnecessary training to their forces, investigate all complaints and take accountability measures against those involved;\n\n - Encourage safe reporting of GBV cases, protect the safety and well-being of survivors and provide them with the\nnecessary support.\n\n - Invest more on implementation of the national road map to end child marriage and FGM\n\n\n**DONORS AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Continue a multi-sectoral GBV response and actions to increase the capacity of existing structures, prioritizing underserved areas and focusing on core GBV services (health, case management, psychosocial support, legal aid, safety, and\nsecurity), including the opening of one-stop centers and safe houses;\n\n - Continue working for risk mitigation, reducing exposure for people at risk of GBV and increasing their coping capacity;\n\n - Ensure protection mainstreaming within all sectors, and that all interventions are informed by robust analysis of GBV\nrisks and gender aspects;\n\n - Work with service providers, educators, religious and community leaders, to prevent and stop GBV, promote safe\nreporting and counter social stigma;\n\n - Support access to justice for GBV survivors;\n\n - Increase the inclusion and empowerment of local women-led organizations, national associations, and community-based\nactors in the safe delivery of core GBV and protection responses and other forms of humanitarian aid to conflict-affected\nindividuals, groups, and hard-to-reach communities;\n\n - Ensure that all GBV activities are age, culture, disability sensitive.\n\n - Invest in empowerment and livelihood interventions for women and girls to address negative coping mechanisms such\nas transactional sex, child marriages and to ease re-integration of GBV survivors;\n\n - Ensure adequate funding for GBV in the HRP as well as longer-term funding for sustainability linked to the Humanitarian\nDevelopment & Peace Nexus.\n\n#### RISK 5 Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n - Prioritize the provision of civil documentation to internally displaced persons (IDPs) to ensure their access to essential\nservices and reduce the risk of arbitrary arrest and detention;\n\n - Establish mechanisms to protect the housing, land, and property (HLP) rights of IDPs and returnees by providing\nalternative documentation for those who have lost theirs and establishing dispute resolution mechanisms to handle cases\nof contested ownership;\n\n - Prioritize provision of birth registration for IDPs to ensure their legal identity and access to essential services;\n\n - Ensure the successful provision to IDPs of the newly introduced digital ID, which is expected to ease access to essential\nservices and assistance;\n\n - Continue the ongoing efforts to domesticate the Kampala Convention and finalize the current draft proclamation, which\nprovides a comprehensive legal framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs.\n\n\n**DONORS AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Advocate for and support government\u2019s initiatives to provide civil documentation to IDPs, expand birth registration\nservices, roll out the digital ID system, and domesticate the Kampala Convention, including though funding, partnerships,\nand the provision of technical support.\n\n - Support programs to prevent and resolve conflicts over HLP issues, which are often a root cause or a consequence of\nviolence and displacement;\n\n - Support the development of legal and institutional frameworks that uphold the HLP rights of displaced and conflictaffected people, and provide them with information, counselling, and legal assistance to claim their rights;\n\n - Ensure adequate funding for HLP rights programing in the HRP as well as longer-term funding for sustainability linked to\nthe Humanitarian Development & Peace Nexus;\n\n - Ensure the inclusion and participation of women and marginalized groups in HLP decision-making and dispute resolution,\nand address the gender and social inequalities that affect their access to HLP rights;\n\n - Support eviction monitoring, prevention, and response programs.\n\n\nPage 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\ni Trend analysis based on the monthly protection risks monitoring conducted at subnational level and consolidated in the Ethiopia\nProtection Cluster Monthly Protection Overview.\n\n\nii https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-jan-2024\n\n\niii While most strikes appear to target armed elements, loss of civilian lives and infrastructure has been recorded, in the last months of 2023\n[in Oromia and Amhara in particular, due to alleged drone attacks (Insecurity attacks 07/04/2023, Addis Standard 26/12/2023, Addis Standard](https://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ethiopia-The-Use-of-Air-delivered-Munitions-in-the-Context-of-Humanitarian-Action-in-Ethiopia-with-a-Focus-on-Drones.pdf)\n[18/11/2023, OHCHR 17/11/2023, EPO 09/2023).](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2023/11/ethiopia-violence-amhara-region)\n\n\niv Since April and especially in August 2023, clashes between Government forces and Fano militias have erupted in most zones in Amhara\nRegion (North Wollo, East Gojam, West Gojam, Gondar, North Shewa), with fights reported in Gondar, Bahir Dar, Debre Birhan, Debre\n[Markos, Debre Tabor, Woldiya, Lalibela and Shewa Robit (Rift Valley Institute 10/2023), with fatal consequences for civilians.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/conflict-trends-analysis-amhara-region)\n\n\nv In North Shewa\u2019s Dera Woreda (home to significant number of Amhara population), federal forces fought OLA/OLF-Shane and Fano militias;\nwith both insurgencies operating in area. In the same context, 21 people, including government and ruling party officials, were allegedly\n.killed by Fano militias in two separate incidents in Alem Ber, in South Gondar, and in Jibayt district, in the Awi zone, on 9 and 28 October,\n[respectively (OHCHR 17/11/2023).](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2023/11/ethiopia-violence-amhara-region)\n\n\nvi Recently, for example, an alleged drone strike on an ambulance in Amhara in November 2023, and the killing of an ambulance driver in\n[Tigray in January 2024 (Addis Standard 12/01/2024, Aljazeera 29/12/2023).](https://addisstandard.com/news-ethiopian-red-cross-decries-murder-of-ambulance-driver-on-duty/)\n\n\nvii African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention), which Ethiopia\nratified in 2020.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe analysis has been developed by the National Protection Cluster in consultation with its sub-national protection\nclusters, Areas of Responsibility (AoR) of Child Protection, GBV and Mine Action, its Housing, Land and Property (HLP)\nWorking Group, members of the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) and Cluster\u2019s partners. It follows the Protection\nAnalytical Framework (PAF) endorsed by the Global Protection Cluster in April 2021. The analysis is based on qualitative\nand quantitative data gathered by the Cluster from its partners in the field, local and international NGOs and UN\nagencies, as well as on expert knowledge and collection and qualitative analysis of open-source material thanks to\nsupport from the _PAF-DEEP Project: Strengthening Joint Protection Analysis and Processes in Protection Clusters._\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nThe analysis is not intended to be exhaustive. The complexity and scope of various shocks and protection concerns, rapid\ndevelopments on the ground, access restrictions, insecurity and limited capacity \u2013 all hinder the ability of human rights\nand humanitarian actors to fully identify, monitor and assess all incidents and their related protection risks. This report\nmay therefore not cover all occurrences, but it rather draws attention to key protection concerns and trends as of\nFebruary 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly protection risks monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9490890502929688, - "start": 11, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.8916255235671997, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.861003577709198, - "start": 57, - "end": 58 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative\nand quantitative data", - "confidence": 0.6791334748268127, - "start": 465, - "end": 469 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.532371997833252, - "start": 371, - "end": 372 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6743568181991577, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83b19f4e-79b9-49ec-9154-b812849acfda/pau24_07_protection_analysis_update_ethiopia_march_2024-final_28.04.2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_843/raw/doc_843_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_843/raw/doc_843_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 06f0fc8b415de22dda6607e033dfdab21fd26bb1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_843/raw/doc_843_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,410 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Many Afghan nationals including refugees and those in refugee like situation (e.g. UNHCR slip holders, asylum seeker certificate\nholders) have been pushed back from Pakistan and Iran to Afghanistan, with often little to no resources and face cumulative\nhardships. These exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the returnee population, impact their coping capacities, and increase their\nexposure to protection risks. In a shrinking protection environment, returnees struggle to meet their basic rights and to access\nservices and opportunities in Afghanistan. The country is undergoing a complex and multifaceted humanitarian crisis, and the\nsituation is more severe for returnees who lack essential documentation and, particularly women and girls, as their rights and\nfreedoms are stringently constrained. Therefore, the current situation in Afghanistan poses significant concerns for the\nsustainable reintegration of returnees.\n\nThe protection risks specifically impacting returnees requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Discrimination and stigmatization \u2013 impediments to access opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**2.** **Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of movement, and threats of forced eviction**\n**3.** **Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal identity, remedies and justice**\n**4.** **Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTION NEEDED**\n\nAmidst the continued multifaceted protracted crisis in Afghanistan compounded by large scale cross-border return\nmovements, urgent actions are needed to prevent and mitigate harmful coping strategies and exacerbated protection risks. It\nis of utmost importance to:\n\n - Prioritize comprehensive (re)integration support for returnees from Pakistan and Iran, ensuring their sustainable\nreintegration to mitigate secondary movements and associated protection risks.\n\n - Engage the DfA, to allow unimpeded access of humanitarian and development assistance to people in areas of return.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\n**Returnee population** **IDP population**\n\n\noverall protection situation, further hindering the\n\nhas one of the highest rates of maternal death in the world in 2023. There are also high percentages of children out-of-school,\nas many families prioritize other needs, leading to increasing rates of child labour and early and forced marriages. Three out\n[of four recent returnees families in rural areas do not have suitable housing (UNHCR, Returns to Pakistan, May 2024; Save the](https://dataviz.unhcr.org/products/gotm/2024-05-28/forced-returns-to-afghanistan.html)\n[Children, Afghanistan News, April 2024).](https://afghanistan.savethechildren.net/news/afghanistan-250000-children-need-food-homes-and-education-after-returning-pakistan)\n\n**Pakistan returns to Afghanistan:**\n\nOn 3 October 2023, Pakistan\u2019s national Apex Committee endorsed a plan to repatriate over a million foreigners without valid\ndocuments, largely Afghan nationals, requiring them to leave the country by 1 November 2023. Pakistan hosts nearly 3.2\nmillion Afghan nationals, including 1.9 million Afghan refugee and refugee-like population and 1.1 million Afghan nationals of\n[other status (UNHCR, Regional refugee response plan 2024-2025- Afghanistan situation). The plan is developed as a three-stages fold,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107144)\nstarting first with a repatriation phase of undocumented Afghan nationals that started in November 2023, then Afghan Citizen\n[Card (ACC), and ultimately Proof of Registration (PoR) card holders (UNHCR, News, 2023). Although Pakistan did not implement](https://www.unhcr.org/news/forced-returns-pakistan-deepen-afghanistan-s-humanitarian-crisis)\nthe second phase in mid-April 2024, new announcements for restarts were made at the end of June. Additionally, on 10 [th] July\n2024, the Prime Minister of Pakistan announced the visa extension of 1.3 million PoR card holders until June 2025.\n[Nevertheless, the implementation of the IFRP will continue for undocumented foreigners (UNHCR, Press Release, July 2024). From](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-calls-greater-efforts-towards-longer-term-solutions-afghans-pakistan)\n15 September 2023 to end of June 2024, more than 647,000 Afghans have returned from Pakistan, of which over 156,000 have\nreturned in 2024, with many who have lived abroad for decades. Among the returnees, more than 32,000 were deported\nsince September 2023 [(UNHCR, Pakistan \u2013 Afghanistan: Returns emergency Response #17;](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/pakistan-afghanistan-returns-emergency-response-27june-2024) [IOM Dashboard, Returns from Pakistan).](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjMwYjJmMzMtOGYwNS00MzA4LTk1N2MtZWQ1OTk3MjU2OTE4IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)\nOverall, it is estimated that almost 90% of the total returnees are undocumented. Of the total returnees, an estimated 59%\n[are children (30% boys, 29% girls), and 50% are women (UNHCR \u2013 Returns emergency Response #17 ; IOM, UNHCR, the World Bank,](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/pakistan-afghanistan-returns-emergency-response-27june-2024)\n[Afghanistan Returnees Rapid Needs Assessment May 2024). At least 16% are undocumented women headed households](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-returnees-rapid-needs-assessment-may-2024) [(IOM](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjMwYjJmMzMtOGYwNS00MzA4LTk1N2MtZWQ1OTk3MjU2OTE4IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)\n[Dashboard) and 29% are women headed households holding documentation, either a Voluntary Repatriation Form, a Proof of](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjMwYjJmMzMtOGYwNS00MzA4LTk1N2MtZWQ1OTk3MjU2OTE4IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)\n[Registration (PoR) card, a UNHCR slip form or an Asylum certificate (UNHCR \u2013 Returns emergency Response #17). Returnees tend](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/pakistan-afghanistan-returns-emergency-response-27june-2024)\nto be mainly accompanied by their families. Among undocumented returnees and ACC card holders, 39% have serious medical\nconditions, 31% are older persons, 10% are persons with disabilities, 4% are pregnant women and more than half of returnees\n[are children (UNHCR-IOM Flash Update #23). This is significant considering the current restrictions imposed on girls\u2019 access to](https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/details/109680)\neducation post-primary. Some 94% of returnees have no education and around 85% are low-skilled workers who mainly have\n[worked in urban environments, suggesting significant vulnerability to poverty (ARRNA 2024;](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-returnees-rapid-needs-assessment-may-2024) [UNHCR Data story, May 2024, Returns](https://dataviz.unhcr.org/products/gotm/2024-05-28/forced-returns-to-afghanistan.html)\n[to Afghanistan;](https://dataviz.unhcr.org/products/gotm/2024-05-28/forced-returns-to-afghanistan.html) [IOM Dashboard).](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjMwYjJmMzMtOGYwNS00MzA4LTk1N2MtZWQ1OTk3MjU2OTE4IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9) Most movements from Pakistan have occurred through the Torkham (419.9K) and Spin Boldak[Chaman (207.1K) official borders. Nevertheless, Ghulam Khan (16.1K) and Badini (1.6K) borders are also used (IOM Dashboard).](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNjMwYjJmMzMtOGYwNS00MzA4LTk1N2MtZWQ1OTk3MjU2OTE4IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)\nThe influx of return from Pakistan have been mainly localized geographically. The top five provinces of returns are Nangarhar,\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\n[Kabul, Kandahar, Kunduz, Kunar and Laghman (UNHCR, Returns to Afghanistan, May 2024). The population of the Nurgal district](https://dataviz.unhcr.org/products/gotm/2024-05-28/forced-returns-to-afghanistan.html?_gl=1*uh7f1n*_rup_ga*MjE5MjE0OTM0LjE3MDU1OTE2NTQ.*_rup_ga_EVDQTJ4LMY*MTcyMzEyMjM3OC4xMDAuMS4xNzIzMTI0MDA4LjYwLjAuMA..*_ga*MjE5MjE0OTM0LjE3MDU1OTE2NTQ.*_ga_6ZVBCLCZXK*MTcyMzEyMjM3OC43NS4xLjE3MjMxMjQwMDguNjAuMC4w)\nin Kunar province may have increased by more than 50%, while the populations of the Dara-e-Nur district in Nangarhar\nprovince and the Reg district in Kandahar province are predicted to expand by 20\u201330% and 30\u201340%, respectively.\n\nThe returns constrain the capacity of communities in areas of return, as these communities are also struggling due to the\n[country\u2019s protracted crisis and they are predominately rural communities (ARRNA 2024). The primary reasons for returning to](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-returnees-rapid-needs-assessment-may-2024)\nAfghanistan continue to be linked to protection challenges in Pakistan, such as fear of arrest or deportation, abuse by\nauthorities, concerns over night raids PoR card validity, and economic hardships such as high living costs and lack of job\nopportunities. Additionally, returnees reported stringent border entry regulations, which impede their ability to travel to\nAfghanistan for short-term purposes [(UNHCR, Returns Emergency Response #19). According to the Multi-Sectoral Rapid Needs](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110096)\n[Assessment of Afghan returnees](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024) (MRAT) [iii] the intentions among returnees to stay in their present location remains notably\nstrong, averaging at 94%. However, this percentage dips to its lowest in the Southern region, with only 77% of respondents in\nKandahar Province indicating their wish to remain in the current locations.\nThe reintegration of returnees is challenging as they now compete with host community members for job opportunities across\nAfghanistan where unemployment remains high, due to insufficient job opportunities and the employment restrictions\n[imposed on women (World Bank, Afghanistan Monitor November 2023). They may also face difficulties when settling back in rural](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/cdfea1bf5a7804a1f570bc20b433897a-0310012023/original/Afghanistan-Economic-Monitor-November-2023.pdf)\nareas, as few have agricultural skill sets. Returnees are particularly vulnerable when arriving in Afghanistan, with few or no\npossessions. Women, girls, persons with disabilities, persons with sensitive profiles, journalists, human rights defenders, as\nwell as ethnic and religious minorities are particularly vulnerable when returning to Afghanistan. Returnees therefore continue\nto be particularly vulnerable to harm due to their fragile situation and the constrained support available in areas of returns.\n[(UNHCR \u2013 Returns emergency Response #17).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/pakistan-afghanistan-returns-emergency-response-27june-2024)\n\n**The Islamic Republic of Iran - Afghanistan cross-border mixed movements:**\n\n[The Islamic Republic of Iran is home of approximately 4.5 million Afghan nationals (UNHCR Data Portal, Iran).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/irn) There have been\nincreasing returns from Iran to Afghanistan, especially deportations of Afghan nationals between 2023 and 2024 pushed by\nofficials in Iran since the end of 2023. In 2023, IOM registered nearly 1 million returns, with 70% being undocumented, out of\nwhich an estimated 690,400 Afghans forcibly returned through Islam Qala border crossing in Herat province and Zaranj border\n[crossing in Nimroz province (IOM, Afghanistan, stories, August 2024). In 2024 an estimated 377,400 undocumented Afghans were](https://afghanistan.iom.int/stories/harrowing-trek-afghan-migrants-near-death-journey-hope)\n[deported from Iran. It represents an estimated 22% increase compared to the same reporting period in 2023 (UNHCR, Border](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-border-monitoring-report-january-june-2024)\n[Monitoring report, January-June 2024). Additionally, during the second quarter of 2024, IOM\u2019s Displacement Tracking Matrix](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-border-monitoring-report-january-june-2024)\n(DTM) recorded 524,708 Afghan nationals returning to Afghanistan from Iran and 278,024 Afghan nationals going to Iran from\nAfghanistan. Inflows from Iran were consistently higher than outflows. Deportation declarations and bans against Afghan\nnationals in Iran have continued to influence movement reasons for incoming respondents in the second quarter of 2024, a\ntrend similar to the first quarter. Among those returning, the majority are undocumented working-age males travelling alone,\n[likely due to regular cross-border circular migration (ARRNA 2024;](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-returnees-rapid-needs-assessment-may-2024) [IOM, Flow Monitoring Q2 April- June 2024).](https://dtm.iom.int/afghanistan) [iv] Deportation remains\nthe primary reason for returning to Afghanistan (56%), followed by voluntary or spontaneous return (42%), and economic\nfactors (39%). The primary destinations among surveyed returnees at border crossings are Herat, Kabul, Kunduz and Takhar\n[provinces (IOM, Flow Monitoring Q2 April- June 2024). There are also reports of deportation without due process, where deportees](https://dtm.iom.int/afghanistan)\ndo not have an opportunity to voice concerns about potential risks related to their protection in Afghanistan [(UNHCR, Border](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-border-monitoring-report-january-june-2024)\n[Monitoring report, January-June 2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-border-monitoring-report-january-june-2024)\n\n\nDiscrimination and stigmatization \u2013 denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or\nhumanitarian access\n\nAfter returning to Afghanistan, many returnees find themselves struggling with scarce resources, lack of information on\nservices and humanitarian assistance, as well as challenges in fulfilling their basic needs and accessing services, such as\nhealthcare, MHPSS, WASH, and legal aid. The Protection Monitoring tool indicates that returnee women, especially women\nheaded households (15%), persons with disabilities (15%) and older person head of households (12%) are disproportionately\naffected. This is mainly due to the high costs of such services, which are mostly unaffordable for returnees. Additional barriers\ninclude lack of information on such services, the absence of essential documentation and DfA\u2019s restrictions and discriminatory\nnorms. Across many areas of return e.g. Nangarhar, Kandahar, Kunduz, Kunar, women face difficulties to access humanitarian\nassistance due to a lack of access to information on assistance, a lack of humanitarian female staff and in some areas, women\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Data Portal", - "confidence": 0.6984939575195312, - "start": 471, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7230558395385742, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Islamic Republic of Iran", - "confidence": 0.586651623249054, - "start": 456, - "end": 460 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6511836647987366, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9111432433128357, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan nationals", - "confidence": 0.8228108882904053, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", - "confidence": 0.6057204604148865, - "start": 625, - "end": 628 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.7840214967727661, - "start": 555, - "end": 556 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8822523355484009, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5111199021339417, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5789962410926819, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan nationals", - "confidence": 0.5690649747848511, - "start": 468, - "end": 470 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\n[are removed from beneficiary lists (MRAT). Returnees also face challenges in generating incomes to meet their basic needs.](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)\nThe majority of returnees from Pakistan are unemployed (43%) or are daily labourers (39%) and were mostly urban and semiurban low-skilled workers in Pakistan. competition among economically at-risk host communities may increase the likelihood\nof social tensions amongst returnees and those communities. Women and women headed households are also more affected\ndue to bans imposed on them (Protection Monitoring Tool). [v] **Resource scarcity has been identified as the primary cause of**\n**tensions between host communities and returnees. Households in Kabul (86%), Ghazni (75%), Kunduz (75%), and Kandahar**\n**(73%) frequently reported awareness of conflicts between returnees and existing residents** . In Kandahar, host communities\n[voiced concerns about the strain from the sudden influx of returnees and the limited availability of resources. (GiHA, Gender](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-alert-returns-iran-and-pakistan-29-july-2024)\n[Alert: Returns from Iran and Pakistan, July 2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/gender-alert-returns-iran-and-pakistan-29-july-2024)\n\nThousands of returnee children cannot enroll into school with families being unable to retrieve their educational records in\nPakistan. To enroll in school in Afghanistan, both previous school documents and a Tazkira \u2013 the official national identity\ndocument issued in Afghanistan - are required but **47% of the assessed households do not possess essential documents for**\n**their children** (Protection Monitoring Tool). **Other barriers are the absence of educational facilities in areas of return, the high**\n**educational costs for returnee families and the fact that children must work instead e.g. in Nangarhar, Kandahar, Takhar,**\n**Kunduz.** [Returnee girls are the most affected as they cannot enroll into school after grade six due to DfA\u2019s ban (NRC, April 2024,](https://www.nrc.no/feature/2024/thousands-of-uprooted-afghan-children-struggle-to-access-education/)\n[Thousands of children of uprooted Afghan children struggle to access education;](https://www.nrc.no/feature/2024/thousands-of-uprooted-afghan-children-struggle-to-access-education/) [MRAT).](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)\n\nMost households across regions expressed being exposed to multiple risks including physical violence, harassment, threats,\nservice denial, limited rights, discrimination, early marriage, and abuses. The [MRAT](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024) indicates that women and girls are\nperceived more susceptible to harm or adversity. The sense of vulnerability experienced by women and girls varied between\n27% and 50.8% in different regions, while for men and boys, it varied between 5.3% and 21%. Physical violence and harassment\nwere reported by returnees in Kandahar (43%), Takhar (24%) Nangarhar (20%), Khost (20%). Some returnees with debts fear\nfor their safety when they cannot repay whom they borrowed money from and this may impede their return to a community. [vi]\n**Many families returning accumulate debts by borrowing money (33%), sell assets (13%), send children to work (12%), and**\n**skip meals.** There are alarming statistics on children returnees engaged into labour e.g. in Kandahar (22%) Nangarhar (16%),\nFaryab (15%), Takhar (13%). Child marriage is a concerning protection risk especially in Kandahar, in Faryab in Kunar and\n[Kunduz (MRAT). In some areas, returnees may find themselves among the least likely to receive community assistance, due to](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)\nthe scarcity of resources and a prevailing feeling of disconnection from the community. Re-building organic social networks is\nparticularly challenging for women and girls due to restrictions imposed on them. [vii]\n\n\nUnlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of movement, forced displacement\nincluding threats of forced evictions\n\nUpon returning to Afghanistan, about 19% of returnees report rent disputes, and 16% face threats of forced eviction. These\nissues are worsened by conflicting land claims, land grabbing, and outdated or missing documents. The DfA has asserted its\nright to use government land for their own gain and future development projects. Women and female-headed households are\nparticularly affected, with women\u2019s names on fewer than 5% of land documents. [viii] **Access to justice is limited by lack of**\n**information on legal assistance and procedures, and unavailability of such mechanisms across locations, with women less**\n**likely to engage in informal dispute resolution mechanisms due to lack of trust and lack of female representation** . (Protection\nMonitoring Tool). On average, nearly half of returnees reside in mud houses, followed by rental houses or living with relatives\nor host communities. Returnees face inadequate shelter conditions, with nearly half uncertain about future tenure and 64%\n[reporting inadequate privacy for women (MRAT). This lack of safe spaces for sleeping and hygiene jeopardizes their safety.](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/afghanistan/multi-sectoral-rapid-needs-assessment-mrat-afghan-returnees-april-2024)\n[(UNHCR, Protection Interventions for Afghan Returnees from Pakistan April 2024 to December 2025).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/protection-interventions-afghan-returnees-pakistan-april-2024-december-2025)\n\n**Some returnees settle in informal settlements with unclear and contested land ownership, facing eviction threats** (as in\nJalalabad with eviction notices issued), poor living conditions, and unreliable income. Some have chosen urban areas such\nJalalabad, Behsud, and Samar Kahil for better job opportunities. On April 15, 2024, residents of Nasaji Bagrami ISET in Kabul\u2019s\nPD 8, including IDPs, returnees, economic migrants, and host communities, received a final eviction notice and by June 2024,\nauthorities began enforcing the order, affecting around 640 families. Additionally, about 200 households in the nearby\nKodakistan settlement face similar evictions. (CCCM, HLP, GiHA, Eviction Update, June 2024, PD8, Kabul, Afghanistan). Ineffective\nregulatory and institutional frameworks significantly impede the proper allocation of land and the equitable distribution and\nownership. The widespread insecurity of land tenure results in frequent land disputes, threats and forced evictions. [ix]\n\n\nThe **presence of explosive ordnance from armed clashes and recent IED threats is one of the leading causes of death,**\n**affecting 34 provinces and 263 districts out of 401** . The most contaminated provinces are Helmand, Kandahar, Logar, Ghazni,\nand Maidan Wardak. Many returnees are living in these areas, especially in Kandahar and Helmand, which are hosting a high\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\nnumber of returnees. Unexploded remnants of war (ERW) from past conflicts, not documented in the mine action database,\nmay be present in any district. **Returnees are particularly vulnerable to the risks posed by explosive hazards due to their**\n**prolonged absence from Afghanistan, with many having been born outside the country.** This lack of familiarity with conflictaffected areas and explosive contamination, combined with their urgent need to resettle and resume critical livelihood\nactivities, exacerbates their exposure to such hazards. The deteriorating economic situation and rising unemployment may\nalso drive returnees and their children towards negative coping mechanisms, such as the scrap metal trade. A returnee boy\nwas killed by an explosive ordnance in Zabul province in July 2024.\n\n### RISK 3 Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\nAccording to the Protection Monitoring Tool, **half of the returnee households have at least one family member without civil**\n**documentation** e.g. electronic Tazkira (32%), passport (20%), paper Tazkira (18%), birth certificate (11%) and marriage\ncertificate (11%) with the majority having never managed to obtain it. The lack of essential documents disproportionately\naffects children (47%) girls (24%), boys (23%) and women (24%). Also, 70% of refugee returnee households do not possess civil\ndocumentation compared to 48% of undocumented returnee households. **The absence of civil documents represents a**\n**considerable barrier to access basic rights and essential services.** **[x]**\n\n\nFour decades of conflict have disrupted governance, leading to irregularities in birth registrations and the issuance of civil\ndocumentation. Since August 2021, domestic laws, including those on civil registration, were suspended. Securing\ndocumentation is further hindered by high fees, long distances to registration offices and confusing processes, worsened by\nthe ongoing humanitarian crisis, poverty, and displacement. Acquiring legal identity documentation is challenging for Afghans\nand even more for displaced populations such as returnees. To obtain a Tazkira, they must either return to their place of birth,\nor their host community leader may act as a witness for their application, and they often lack the financial resources. In some\ncases, if there is a generational lack of documentation in the family, it will be impossible for the returnee to obtain one. If the\nreturnee has been away from the community for many years or if there is a change in leadership in the community, the\ncommunity leaders might decline to authenticate the documents. This is more severe for women and girls\u2019 returnees, due to\nthe DfA\u2019s restrictions, the mahram requirement and patriarchal norms and practices. Women\u2019s access to government offices\nis restricted and registration office jobs are occupied by men. Women headed households do not account for male family\nmember and must seek representation through a community representative (malik) to request identity documents. [xi]\n\n### RISK 4 Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress\n\n\nAccording to the protection monitoring, a staggering 45% of respondents reported experiencing stress that has negatively\nimpacted their daily lives, compared to other populations groups accounting for 35% (including IDP, IDP returnees and host\ncommunities). Furthermore, refugee returnees and undocumented returnee respondents also report observing negative shifts\nin the behavior of family members, with 28% appearing sad, 24% feeling stressed, 16% showing changes in appetite and 14%\nwithdrawing socially, 13% demonstrating aggressiveness, 4% resorting to self-harm, and 2% expressing suicidal thoughts. The\nreturnee respondents indicate that main causes of stress are the lack of employment, and severe economic hardship (20%),\nfood insecurity (17%), unavailability or lack of services (13%), being out of school (9%) and child labour (7%). **Healthcare**\n**services and MHPSS services continue to be the least accessible, due to unavailability of such services in areas of return, the**\n**inability of returnees to pay for such services, and the lack of transportation and related costs,** with women, women headed\nhouseholds, girls, and persons with disabilities also disproportionally impacted. (Protection Monitoring Tool).\n\n\nReturnees at border points, including youth and children, report experiencing psychological distress during their journey. Many\nhave been detained in Pakistan, witness the arrests of family members, have assets and possessions confiscated, and endured\n[forced separations from their families. (ADSP, Samuel Hall, May 2024).](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/adsp-solutions-for-afghan-nationals-ordered-to-return-from-pakistan) **Nearly 34,000 returnees have been arrested and detained**\n**between 2023 and 2024. In some cases, 44% of returnees interviewed by UNHCR reported harassment and 4% physical**\n**violence at the Pakistani border** [(UNHCR \u2013 Returns emergency Response #17). Anecdotal reports indicate that some deportees](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/pakistan-afghanistan-returns-emergency-response-27june-2024)\nhave faced ill-treatment during deportation. Also, many returnee families have conveyed their distress over being compelled\n[to go back to a country where they have no home, no land, nor substantial support networks (DRC, News (story), December 2023).](https://pro.drc.ngo/resources/news/homebound-the-horrendous-journey-of-close-to-half-a-million-afghans-forced-to-return-from-pakistan-through-their-voices/)\nAlso, some returnees were born in Pakistan and have never been to Afghanistan. The psychological distress is amplified for\nwomen and girl returnees due to harsh circumstances they face upon return due to the restrictions imposed on their rights\n[and freedoms and the uncertainty of their future. This is further compounded for women headed households (GiHA, 2023,](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-forced-returns-pakistan-5-december-2023)\n[Gender update #2 Forced returns from Pakistan](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-gender-update-2-forced-returns-pakistan-5-december-2023) ; [ACAPS, Afghanistan, June 2024, Understanding resilience strategies and tools).](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240603_ACAPS_Afghanistan_analysis_hub_understanding_resilience_strategies_and_tools.pdf)\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mine action database", - "confidence": 0.9998717308044434, - "start": 29, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9825496673583984, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.908850371837616, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.909425675868988, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "birth registrations", - "confidence": 0.9463583827018738, - "start": 339, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5854408144950867, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9774928689002991, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\nMental health services have limited financial resources and a shortage of personnel to address complex mental health\ndisorders. The profession is not well known due to lack of awareness and the stigma around mental health. Consequently,\nseeking assistance for mental health issues is negatively impacted [(ACAPS, Thematic report, Afghanistan - Spotlight on social impact](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/acaps-thematic-report-afghanistan-spotlight-social-impact-october-2023-february-2024#:~:text=This%20edition%20of%20the%20spotlight,Repatriation%20Plan%20in%20October%202023.)\n[(October 2023 to February 2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/acaps-thematic-report-afghanistan-spotlight-social-impact-october-2023-february-2024#:~:text=This%20edition%20of%20the%20spotlight,Repatriation%20Plan%20in%20October%202023.) Analysis also highlights a continuous shortfall in support for the reintegration of children who\nhave come back to Afghanistan, with a particular deficiency in addressing the psychological and social aspects essential for the\nsustainability of their reintegration. [xii]\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nProtection partners have significantly increased interventions including Community-Based Protection (CBP) to Afghanistan\nnationals returning from Pakistan and Iran, as well as providing civil documentation, legal assistance, psychosocial support,\nprotection case management, cash for protection services for people with specific needs, providing dignity menstrual hygiene\nmanagement kits. Protection partners under the leadership of the protection cluster have enhanced engagement with the DfA\nat national and provincial level. Coordination has been strengthened and operational guidelines have been developed as well\nas the enhancement of partners\u2019 capacity through various approaches. Explosive ordnance risk education, victim assistance\nthrough psychotherapy and physiotherapy targeting returnees have been enhanced.\n\n\n**ACCESS RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\nAccess constraints are rampant with a total of 761 access incidents in the reporting period, challenging the provision of\nassistance. The majority of access incidents relates to interference in the implementation of humanitarian activities, including\ninterference with programming, requests for\nstaff lists and sensitive data, occupation of\nfacilities or assets, requests for illegal taxation\ndelays in the signature of memorandums of\nunderstanding (MoUs), interference or\nattempted interference into beneficiary\nselection, restriction on women humanitarian\nworkers participation in humanitarian action,\ninterference with staff recruitments, search\noperations, and interference with procurement.\nViolence against humanitarian personnel, assets, _Retrieved from OCHA Humanitarian Access snapshots_\nand facilities have also severely impacted the humanitarian response. 3 aid workers were killed, 3 were injured, 56 aid workers\nwere arrested and 80 incidents with gender dynamics were reported, impacting safety and security of humanitarian aid\nworkers. In May, flash floods significantly impeded humanitarian efforts, delaying or stopping aid workers from reaching those\nin need. Threats from ISKP (Islamic State-Khorasan Province) against humanitarian workers also resulted in movement\nrestrictions and the suspension of activities in the Eastern region provinces. Engagements with authorities are ongoing and\nefforts continue at national and sub-national levels to address ongoing incidents, identify workarounds and negotiate\nresolutions. [xiii]\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\nDiscrimination and stigmatization \u2013 impediments to access opportunities, services and/or humanitarian\naccess\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Strengthen and sustain advocacy with the DfA at national and provincial level for all women and girls to access services\nwithout any legal and bureaucratic impediments.\n\n - Increase community engagement leveraging local organizations, community leaders, religious leaders, women leaders to\nbetter understand the needs and preferences of different population groups as well as to foster trust and enhance\nidentification of protection risks and focusing on the most vulnerable population by the end of 2024.\n\n - Encourage volunteerism among returnees, which can enhance their social networks, skills and reduce reliance on\nnegative coping strategies.\n\n - Strengthen joint programming among clusters with more focus on integrating protection services especially GBV\nresponse to support the survivors into the existing programmes.\n\n - Strengthen referral among the service providers to enable the most vulnerable groups effective access to services.\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - Strengthen joined up UN and INGO engagement with the DfA and advocate for increased acceptance of protection\nservices all banned activities, the unimpeded access of protection responder to all communities and to ensure equitable\nand inclusive access for vulnerable populations, with a particular focus on returnee and host communities.\n\n - Advocate with the DfA, in collaboration with humanitarian actors, to allow access to employment, livelihood\nopportunities, and justice, stop human rights violations, and find solutions that enable women to participate in all aspects\nof humanitarian work and have full and equitable access to services.\n\n - Develop and implement a fundraising strategy to sustain funding.\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Prioritize the implementation of multi-sectoral interventions for both returnees and host communities, including\ninvestment in expanding livelihood programmes and developing skill programs to prevent and mitigate protection risks,\nincluding the adoption of negative coping mechanisms.\n\n**RISK 2** Unlawful impediments and/or restrictions to freedom of movement, and threats of forced eviction\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Humanitarian agencies should implement initiatives to raise awareness of communities, returnee population, local\nauthorities and local leaders about land rights and legal protections.\n\n - Identify/map landlords where most returnees have settled and engage with them for better rental terms.\n\n - Facilitate the set up and or strengthen land dispute resolution committees that include representatives from local\ngovernment, traditional leaders, returnee communities, and legal experts.\n\n - Enhance programming to enable returning Afghan nationals access HLP and civil documents.\n\n - Enhance dispute resolution mechanisms to enable vulnerable groups to overcome land conflicts.\n\n - Support communal HLP initiatives in informal settlements and areas of return. Develop and implement HLP programmes\nthat link humanitarian aims to longer-term outcomes, including climate resilience, enhanced livelihoods, and access to\ncritical services.\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - Enhance high-level engagement with the DfA to stop evictions and ensure dignified, equitable and sustainable relocation\nof displaced persons and returning Afghans.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\n - Strengthen coordination mechanisms between the DfA and HLP partners on key programmatic areas to improve the\neffectiveness and efficiency of interventions. Engage with the DfA to allow humanitarian agencies to provide legal support\nto returning Afghan nationals especially women, to enable access to civil documentation, property and other rights.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Sustain long-term HLP specific mechanisms for addressing humanitarian and development needs including enhancing\nlivelihoods opportunities, housing, and climate resilience.\n\n\n**RISK 3** Impediments and/or restrictions to access legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Strengthen provision of legal aid services and implement public awareness campaigns to provide communities with\nnecessary information about their rights and available legal resources.\n\n - Provide cash assistance and support for the issuance of civil documents, including facilitation for the most vulnerable\nespecially women, children, and children with disabilities\n\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - Engage the DfA to reduce the cost of civil documents for the most vulnerable, including most vulnerable returnees.\n\n - Work with the DfA to develop and implement a nationwide registration program that strengthens civil registration\nsystems, ensuring comprehensive and accessible legal documentation for all individuals, particularly those in remote\nareas.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Engage with the DfA to advocate for improved access to civil documentation including birth registration and civil\nregistration for the most vulnerable as an affirmative action targeting women, children, and persons with disabilities.\n\n\n**RISK 4** Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Provide training to local authorities on MHPSS to ensure they recognize its critical importance and can effectively\nintegrate it into their community support.\n\n - Enhance knowledge of community members in MHPSS through systematic awareness campaigns and strengthen referral\nmechanisms for people who need services.\n\n - Establish and sustain a community-based peer support network for returnees, particularly focusing on women and children.\n\n - Embed psychosocial support (PSS) into all aspects of programming, especially for women and girls and, and train\ncommunity volunteers in Psychological First Aid (PFA) to provide immediate support to individuals in distress.\n\n - Develop and implement rehabilitation programs that support the recovery and reintegration of survivors into their\ncommunities.\n\n - Create digital platforms tailored to provide MHPSS for women, ensuring they have safe and accessible means to seek\nsupport and uphold survivor centered interventions\n\n\n**HC/HCT**\n\n\n - Advocate with the DfA to enable female staff to return to work as a means to enable easy and safe provision of services\nto vulnerable groups, including women and girls, in need of MHPSS services.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Engage with the DfA to allow the delivery of MHPSS services including integration in all programs in areas of return as a\nmeasure to aid sustainable returns and settlement.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**AFGHANISTAN** | January - July 2024\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\n\n_i Total returnees from Pakistan (September 2023 to June 2024): 647,500. Total returnees from Iran (September 2023 to June 2024): 1,069,462_\n_(source UNHCR and IOM)._\n_ii Total number of IDPs in Afghanistan at the end of 2023, IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix_\n_iii The MRAT assessment took place from 1st November 2023 to 29th February 2024, led by Operational Coordination Teams (OCTs) and the Inter-_\n_Cluster Coordination Group across the regions of Afghanistan._\n\n_iv These trends monitored by IOM represent the flows at the ten assessed crossing points and do not include data from the entirety of Afghanistan\u2019s_\n_borders. As a result, the current data may not account for the entire outflow volume of Afghanistan._\n_v UN and partners in Afghanistan May 2024, Integrated Appeal for Afghan Returnees from Pakistan (Border Response and Reintegration Response_\n_in Areas of Return)_\n\n_[vi ADSP, Samuel Hall, Briefing Note: Solutions for Afghan nationals ordered to return from Pakistan, May 2024](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/6666955555ed6e514bb2b991/1717998937637/Briefing-Note_Solutions-for-Afghan-nationals-from-Pakistan-1.pdf)_\n\n_[vii Ground Truth Solution and Salma Consulting, 2023, Engaging women in the humanitarian response in Afghanistan ; ACAPS, Afghanistan, June](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62e895bdf6085938506cc492/t/65a14076341e334e824189e3/1705066623807/GTS_Afghanistan_UNWomen_Dec2023_EN.pdf)_\n_[2024, Understanding resilience strategies and tools](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240603_ACAPS_Afghanistan_analysis_hub_understanding_resilience_strategies_and_tools.pdf)_\n\n_[viii NRC, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, 2020, A Brief Guide to Women\u2019s Land Rights in Afghanistan](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/womens-land-rights-in-af/hlp-tf_brief-on-women-land-rights.pdf)_\n\n_ix UN and partners in Afghanistan May 2024, Integrated Appeal for Afghan Returnees from Pakistan (Border Response and Reintegration Response_\n_in Areas of Return)_\n\n_[x Afghanistan Protection Cluster, Thematic Note, May 2024, Legal Identity and Civil Documentation in Afghanistan ; NRC, Samuel Hall, 2016, Access](https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/legal-identity-and-civil-documentation-afghanistan-may-2024)_\n_[to Tazkira and other civil documentation in Afghanistan](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/af_civil-documentation-study_081116.pdf)_\n\n_[xi IOM, NRC, Samuel Hall, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, Research Report, 2023, Documentation and Legal Identification in Afghanistan](https://www.samuelhall.org/publications/ilo-documentation-and-legal-identity-in-afghanistan)_\n\n_[xii Samuel Hall, UNICEF Innocenti Global office of Research and Foresight, August 2023, As they move: Child and Youth Experiences of Migration,](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/6523bffedf38c67a13570eb9/1696841730920/Afghan+Reintegration_Final_22Sept+%281%29.pdf)_\n_[Displacement and Return in Afghanistan](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfe2c8927234e0001688343/t/6523bffedf38c67a13570eb9/1696841730920/Afghan+Reintegration_Final_22Sept+%281%29.pdf)_\n\n_xiii UNOCHA, Afghanistan Humanitarian Access snapshots: January to June 2024_\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThis publication was done in collaboration with ACAPS and thanks to the contribution of the Protection Cluster and some\npartners. The analysis is based on both quantitative and qualitative data from existing secondary data sources, protection\nassessments and reports covering events from January to June 2024, including data from key country-wide protection\nmonitoring tools, e.g. the Afghanistan Protection Monitoring tool, and in consultation with AoRs, APC SAG members and\nsub-national coordinators. The Afghanistan Protection Cluster acknowledges the coordination and the links between this\nProtection Analysis Update on protection risks in areas of return and the ACAPS report on \u2018Understanding the key human\nsafety and security issues that returnees to Afghanistan are facing\u2019. This product has been possible by the generous support\nof the European Union, Directorate General for Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation in Afghanistan.\n\n**Limitations**\nData collection and case management have proven to be challenging for humanitarian protection services due to ongoing\ninterference and restrictions from the DfA, particularly regarding the hiring of women staff, the mahram requirement, and\naccess to women community members. These operational constraints and challenges affect the level of protection data\nthat can be collected and used in understanding protection risks. In addition, some issues are perceived highly sensitive,\ntherefore the data gathered may not offer a definitive assessment of the extent of the protection risks.\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n\n**Kristin Arthur -** **[arthur@unhcr.org|](mailto:arthur@unhcr.org)**\n**Stephen Katende -** **[stephen.katende@nrc.no](mailto:stephen.katende@nrc.no)**\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix_", - "confidence": 0.6284564733505249, - "start": 71, - "end": 75 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.6702861785888672, - "start": 54, - "end": 55 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "AFGHANISTAN", - "confidence": 0.9200721383094788, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8257120847702026, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9607126116752625, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9537063837051392, - "start": 62, - "end": 63 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nassessments", - "confidence": 0.6463838219642639, - "start": 478, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "quantitative and qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.5372452139854431, - "start": 468, - "end": 472 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9739238619804382, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5423130393028259, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Afghanistan Protection Monitoring tool", - "confidence": 0.6271071434020996, - "start": 504, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5357962846755981, - "start": 547, - "end": 548 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9114809632301331, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6593165397644043, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.508645236492157, - "start": 559, - "end": 560 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection data", - "confidence": 0.9441474080085754, - "start": 649, - "end": 651 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women community members", - "confidence": 0.5205935835838318, - "start": 636, - "end": 639 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a05ab0ac-1fbd-4657-9d24-8dd3c381edf5/pau24_protection_analysis_update_brief_protection_risks_areas_of_return_afghanistan_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_844/raw/doc_844_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_844/raw/doc_844_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 976629a540507160a880760970ad22343eeab81f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_844/raw/doc_844_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Colombia**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n#### Trend analysis on Protection Risks related to the armed conflict and natural disasters\n\n###### **OCTOBER 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n##### **_EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_**\n\n\nautonomy, thus straining the state's capacity for protection.\n\n\nthe formal economy.\n\n\nto avert a more severe humanitarian crisis in the coming months.\n\n\n**1.** **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement.**\n**2.** **Gender-based violence.**\n**3.** **Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.**\n**4.** **Trafficking in persons, forced labour or slavery-like practices.**\n**5.** **Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance.**\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nTo face the challenges that Colombia has experienced in 2024, it is imperative to implement urgent measures to mitigate the effects\nof the armed conflict, the migration crisis, and natural disasters.\n\n- Strengthening local capacities is essential to ensure that the response extends beyond immediate humanitarian aid to foster\nsocial fabric reconstruction and reinforce local governance in the most impacted region.\n\n- Inter-institutional coordination must be enhanced to prioritize timely, prevention-focused, and solution-oriented actions,\nreducing prolonged harm. It is crucial to address and overcome bureaucratic and administrative barriers that hinder affected\ncommunities\u2019 access to rights protection. The active participation of community actors, local organizations, and self-governance\nstructures within ethnic communities is indispensable for promoting self-management, reinforcing existing autonomous\ndynamics, and tailoring responses to local contexts.\n\n- Developing an integrated response that reflects the diversity of population profiles\u2014encompassing refugees, migrants, conflict\nvictims, and those affected by natural disasters\u2014is vital. Additionally, a differentiated approach should be applied, considering\nage, gender, ethnicity, and disability to meet each group\u2019s specific needs. Implementing decentralized actions ensures a contextsensitive, timely, and relevant response that aligns with local realities.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n##### **CONTEXT**\n\n\n\n**Persons internally**\n\n**displaced by the**\n\n\n\n**Persons confined by**\n\n**armed conflict**\n\n\n\n**Refugees and migrants** **People affected by**\n\n**climate change**\n\n\n\n**Internal armed**\n\n**conflict**\n\n\n\n**armed conflict**\n### **338.701 [i] 8.114 [ii] 2.932.346 377.895 [iii] 8 [iv]**\n\n\n\n**Individually displaced**\n\n**persons**\n\n\n\n**Municipalities with**\n\n**confinement alert** **[v]**\n\n\n\n**Persons in**\n\n**transit**\n\n\n\n**Persons with**\n\n**vocation for**\n**permanence**\n\n\n\n**Dry season** **Rainy**\n**season**\n\n\n\n**Non-state armed groups**\n\n\n\n79.685 [vi] 86 123.441 2.808.905 157.147 220.748 5\n\n\nIn Colombia, the humanitarian crisis has been prolonged, and the armed conflict continue to be the consequence of disputes over\nterritorial control under particular interests. This has disproportionately affected peasant, Indigenous peoples, and Afro-Colombian\ncommunities in dispersed rural areas and on the periphery of urban centers. Forced displacements, both massive and individual,\nconfinements, child recruitment, and accidents with Antipersonnel Mines (APMs) and Explosive ordnance (EO) are recurrent events\nthat deteriorate the lives of these communities. In addition, threats to social leaders, human rights defenders, and gender-based\nviolence persist in the context of the conflict, which aggravates the situation of lack of protection of the civilian population recognized\nin the national normative framework.\n\n\nDespite the current government's proposed peace talks, there has been a proliferation of non-state armed groups and an increase\nin confrontation between them. This phenomenon has been driven, in part, by a shift in funding sources, with a growing interest in\nillegal mining, the resurgence of illicit crops, and human trafficking as a particular source of funding in the current context. The dispute\nover territorial control has exacerbated pressure on communities, which have seen their social fabric weakened, increasing the risk\nof takeover by non-state armed actors in strategic regions for confrontation.\n\n\nThis situation generates profound psychosocial effects in the communities, causing widespread fear and silencing as a survival\nmechanism. Black communities and Indigenous peoples continue to be disproportionately affected by confinement, forced\ndisplacement and other rights violations. Ethnic authorities warn that they are no longer at risk of physical and cultural extinction as\nthe Constitutional Court warned in the framework of Ruling T 025, but rather that, this risk has become material and the process of\nextinction has advanced, generating profound consequences in the relationship between indigenous peoples and black communities\nin terms of survival in the territories [vii] .\n\n\nIn addition to the effects of armed conflict, the crisis is exacerbated by the superposition of other factors, such as natural disasters\nand mixed migratory movements, which have placed additional pressures on communities and the state capacities. Climate change\nhas intensified destructive natural events such as floods and droughts, severely affecting already vulnerable populations in both rural\nand urban areas. This scenario has evaluated the country's capacity to respond to multiple overlapping crises.\n\n\nOn the other hand, the migration crisis from Venezuela and mixed migration flows have generated significant pressure in border\nregions, with major challenges to integrate the migrant population into health, education, and employment systems. Social tensions\nhave increased, and many refugees and migrants continue to face barriers in accessing basic services and fundamental rights,\nexacerbating their vulnerability.\n\n\n**ARMED CONFLICT**\n\n\nDuring the different processes of bilateral and temporary national ceasefires, implemented in the framework of negotiations\nbetween the Colombian government and various non-state armed groups (NSAGs), some humanitarian reliefs have been observed\nfor communities affected by the conflict. However, clashes between these groups continue to severely affect the lives of the civilian\npopulation [viii], with an increase in human rights violations and challenges in terms of compliance with the International Humanitarian\nLaw [ix] . Violent clashes related to the search for criminal rents, such as illegal mining, drug trafficking and human trafficking, are\ncommon in strategic territories, generating new dynamics of territorial expansion and greater control over local communities; violent\nacts associated with the search for criminal rents have increased, which take place in contexts of territorial dispute and expansion;\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\nand restrictions on free mobility have worsened as a result of greater expansive social control, which reflects the political positioning\nof the NSAGs in communities where they did not recently have a presence or influence.\n\n\nThe 2016 peace agreement with the FARC guerrilla, despite having demobilized a major armed group, has not been effectively\nimplemented in at-risk territories, leading to fragmentation and proliferation of new armed structures. These groups are fighting for\ncontrol of key productive zones associated with illicit economies, which has reignited territorial conflicts. Furthermore, other criminal\nactivities have been consolidated, such as human trafficking, which has found in territorial control a particular source of funding.\nRural, Indigenous, and Afro-descendant communities have been particularly affected, due to the vulnerability of their territories and\nthe rupture of the social fabric.\n\n\nIn regions such as **Nari\u00f1o, Cauca, Choc\u00f3, Arauca and Bajo Cauca in Antioquia**, territorial control by non-state armed groups has\nintensified clashes and generated new waves of massive, forced displacement and confinement. **This control has also severely**\n**restricted the mobility of communities in regions such as Putumayo and Norte de Santander**, making humanitarian emergencies\ninvisible, limiting the autonomy of communities, and limiting access to basic services such as health, education, and livelihoods, which\nincreases the conditions of rights violations.\n\n\nThe main victimizing events observed in the first half of 2024 include the forced recruitment of children and adolescents, genderbased violence, mass and individual forced displacement, confinement, and the antipersonnel mines. **The situation is particularly**\n**serious in the strategic corridors connecting the Pacific region with the borders of Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador**, where clashes\nbetween armed groups have directly affected the civilian population and increased protection risks.\n\n\nAs for Indigenous peoples and Afro-Colombian communities, there are structural protection risks that threaten their physical and\ncultural survival. Through confinement and restricted mobility, they are denied the possibility of exercising their fundamental rights\nand their means of subsistence are endangered, which further aggravates the rupture of the social and community fabric. Many\ncommunities avoid going to institutions or activating protection routes for fear of reprisals from armed groups, which leaves these\npopulations in a situation of unprotection and isolation.\n\n\nThe government, for its part, has made progress in implementing the 'total peace' policy, which seeks to address the gaps left by the\n2016 Peace Agreement by setting up negotiating tables with different armed actors. This policy also includes military actions aimed\nat combating coca trafficking and seizing illicit crops, which has generated violent reactions from armed groups that depend on these\nillicit economies for their funding.\n\n\nAccording to data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 44% of the territories with a presence of illegal\nmining in 2022 also had coca cultivation identified in 2021. Of these territories, 87% correspond to **areas of illicit exploitation,**\n**concentrated in the departments of Antioquia, Nari\u00f1o, and Cauca** [x] . This overlapping of illicit economies has intensified the fighting,\naggravating the humanitarian situation in the affected areas.\n\n\nSince 2018, there has been an increasing trend in the number of people affected by forced displacement and confinement **. If this**\n**growth trend continues, by December 2024 at least 200,000 people could be affected by this victimizing event** **[xi]** **, consolidating**\n**2024 as the year with the highest number of people affected by internal forced displacement after the signing of the peace**\n**agreement between the State and the FARC-EP** . During the period from January to June 2024, the main changes in the context of\nthe conflict can be explained in part as a consequence of the implementation of the \"total peace\" policy. The political and economic\ninterests of the different non-state armed groups have significantly impacted the strategic corridors of the Pacific region and the\nborders with Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador, where protection risks have increased alarmingly.\n\n\nThe strategic positioning of non-state armed groups in these regions has also resulted in the imposition of severe restrictions on\ncommunities, such as control over coca production and commercialization, affecting the food security and livelihoods of the local\npopulation. In addition, an increase in negative coping mechanisms has been identified, such as the use of illicit crops for subsistence\namid increasing pressure from armed groups.\n\n\nIn many cases, conflict-affected communities are also victims of natural disasters, leaving them even more vulnerable and\nexacerbating their precariousness.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\n**MIXED MOVEMENTS**\n\n\n**Colombia remains to be the country that hosts the largest number of Venezuelan nationals in the region, and as of April 2024,**\n**2,813,992 people from Venezuela have been registered** . Of this population, 84% (2,350,607) [xii] are regularized or are in the process\nof regularization [xiii], while 16% (463,390) remain in an irregular situation. Despite the implementation of the Temporary Protection\nStatus for Venezuelan Migrants (ETPV), many of those regularized still face significant difficulties in accessing their rights. Food\ninsecurity, restricted access to clean water, overcrowding and barriers to health care are ongoing problems [xiv] . These difficulties often\nstem from lack of knowledge on the part of officials about the procedures and rights of refugees and migrants, as well as gaps in\naccess mechanisms.\n\n\nOn the other hand, those who have not managed to regularize their status face even greater challenges. For them, there are no clear\noptions for accessing the ETPV [xv] or other regularization mechanisms, which aggravates their vulnerability to exploitation and abuse\nby preventing them from accessing basic services and hindering their integration into the formal economy.\n\n\nIn addition, the transit population, those migrants who do not intend to stay in Colombia but who pass through on their way to third\ncountries, face extremely high security risks. The vulnerability of women, children and adolescents on the route is highlighted, who\nare exposed to risks of sexual violence, forced recruitment, and human trafficking by non-state armed groups or other forms of\nviolence by organized crime groups.\n\n\nIn border areas, especially in Urab\u00e1 and Dari\u00e9n, the risk to the population has increased drastically. Colombia and Panama issued a\njoint alert in 2023, warning about the dangers faced by refugees and migrants in transit through these territories, especially due to\nthe growing presence of armed actors and criminal gangs controlling border crossings. The situation has been exacerbated by\nrestrictions imposed by the Panamanian government, which has closed five unauthorized crossings in the Dari\u00e9n jungle [xvi] . This has\nforced pollution to use more dangerous routes, exposing them to greater risks of exploitation, human trafficking, and accidents.\n\n\nThroughout the first half of 2024, there has been an increase in pendular movements and in people who, after attempting to continue\ntheir transit to other countries, have been stranded in specific areas of the country. **In departments such as Arauca, Santander, and**\n**Norte de Santander, as well as in the Urab\u00e1 sub-region, many people intending to transit have had to remain in adverse conditions**\n**for months** . In these areas, it is common to find people in street situations or living on beaches, without access to basic services or\nsupport networks that allow them to subsist while they try to gather resources to continue their journey.\n\n\nOn the other hand, the situation of the refugee and migrant population intending to stay in Colombia continues to be worrying.\nDespite humanitarian efforts and policies implemented, serious barriers to their inclusion in the formal system persist. Lack of access\nto decent employment, discrimination by employers and the absence of adequate training programmes are some of the main\nobstacles to their inclusion in the formal system. Moreover, limited access to health and education services also remains as a major\nobstacle to improving their living conditions.\n\n\nThe dynamics of the internal armed conflict in Colombia have further exacerbated protection risks for the refugee and migrant\npopulation. In areas affected by the conflict, such as the Colombian Pacific and the border regions with Venezuela and Ecuador [xvii],\nthe population faces additional risks such as forced displacement, recruitment by non-state armed groups and exposure to\nlandmines and unexploded ordnance [xviii] . These victimizing events, which also affect the local population, highlight the particular\nvulnerability of the refugee and migrant population who, lack of support networks, are unaware of the protection frameworks,\ndon\u2019t know the institutional response or experience barriers to access due to their nationality, often do not bring the events to the\nattention of the authorities.\n\n\nThe Ombudsman's Office has issued multiple alerts on human rights violations against refugees and migrants in border regions. In\nmany cases, victims cannot access the Single Registry of Victims (RUV) [xix] due to their irregular migration status, which prevents them\nfrom receiving the protection and reparation to which they would be entitled [xx] . Furthermore, the sub-registration of cases of people\nwho have suffered violations both in the country of origin and in Colombia, and the barriers to accessing information on rights and\ncare routes, increase the vulnerability of this population, who fear exposure to situations of re-victimization or deportation and to\nofficials without enough knowledge and approach to rights [xxi] .\n\n\nThe electoral scenario in Venezuela is expected to aggravate the migration situation. In the coming months, Colombia could receive\na significant number of people seeking international protection, highlighting the need to strengthen the country's reception and\nprotection systems.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\nThe barriers to integration and the difficulty of consolidating a response aimed at vindicating their rights, both in Colombia and in\ncountries of the Southern Cone, mean that people of different nationalities [xxii] continue their transit, creating secondary and even\ntertiary movements, mainly to North America, in search of conditions that guarantee a dignified and safe stay, and that allow for the\nreconstruction of people's life projects.\n\n\n**CLIMATE CHANGE**\n\n\nIn 2024, Colombia has experienced a significant increase in natural disasters, adding to the already complex humanitarian situation\nresulting from armed conflict and mixed movements. Adverse weather events, exacerbated by climate change, have affected both\nrural areas and urban peripheries, disproportionately impacting the most vulnerable communities, including those affected by\nconflict and mixed movements.\n\n\nOne of the most devastating events has been the El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon, which has intensified **droughts, water shortages and forest**\n**fires, affecting approximately 1.6 million people in departments such as Bol\u00edvar, Choc\u00f3, C\u00f3rdoba, Nari\u00f1o, and Sucre** [xxiii] . Rural\ncommunities already facing difficulties in accessing basic services, such as drinking water and medical care, have seen their conditions\naggravated by these phenomena, which has generated a food crisis in many regions. The loss of crops and livestock has affected the\nlivelihoods of thousands of families, plunging several areas of the country into an emergency situation.\n\n\nSimultaneously, with the onset of the rainy season, massive flooding has occurred in several regions, including La Mojana and the\ndepartment of Choc\u00f3. These floods have caused partial or total destruction of homes, schools, businesses, and other infrastructure,\nseverely affecting the population. In addition, the lack of access to clean water sources and medical services has led to the\nproliferation of diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, and malaria [xxiv] . In the department of Atl\u00e1ntico, the emergencies caused by\nthe rains have forced the displacement of families, including 200 Venezuelan families, who were already in a situation of vulnerability\ndue to their migratory status.\n\n\nThe overlap between climate crises, armed conflict and mixed movements further aggravates the precariousness of affected\ncommunities, who not only face the consequences of conflict but also the devastating impact of natural disasters. In some regions,\ncommunities affected by armed conflict have been unable to access humanitarian assistance due to flooding, further limiting their\nresilience.\n\n\nIn the border departments of Arauca and Nari\u00f1o, the refugee and migrant population affected by natural events or disasters was\nrecorded, with 116 people affected. **Ethnic communities were affected in the departments of Amazonas, Antioquia, and Nari\u00f1o,**\n**with 218,930 people affected by different types of events as of August 2024** [xxv] . The response of the institutions responsible for\nattending to these situations is limited to attending to the survival needs of the people affected, through the provision of food\nsupplies, elements of habitability, among others.\n\n\nDespite these efforts, it is clear that the response to natural disasters must go beyond mere material assistance. A rights-based\napproach is needed at all stages of the response, integrating prevention, protection, and the restitution of rights to affected people.\nThe current situation underlines the urgency of improving protection frameworks in the face of environmental disasters, an issue\nthat has been recognized by the Constitutional Court in ruling T-123 of 2024 [xxvi] . This ruling urges legislative and executive bodies to\nfill existing legal gaps and to make the necessary administrative adjustments to bring attention to the environmentally displaced\npopulation into line with attention to the population displaced by the conflict.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n##### **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\nUnlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and\nforced displacement\n\n\nForced displacement and confinement continue to be a reality in Colombia threatening the physical and cultural existence of Black\ncommunities and Indigenous peoples. These groups are not only at risk of disappearing, but the process of physical and cultural\nextinction has already begun, contrary to what the Constitutional Court had warned in orders 004 and 005 of 2009. Recognizing the\nstructural damage caused by these events is an urgent necessity for the State and those who have the responsibility to protect\nthese communities [xxvii] .\n\n\nThe armed conflict and the violence used to control strategic territories continue to have a serious impact on the life, liberty, security,\nand autonomy of the civilian population. Black communities, Afro-Colombian communities, Indigenous peoples, peasant\ncommunities, as well as refugees and migrants, are at constant risk of displacement or confinement due to the actions of multiple\narmed actors. In several regions of the country, many people are forced to flee to protect their lives, while others face restrictions\nthat prevent them from leaving their territories, awaiting the reestablishment of their rights in places of arrival, such as townships or\nurban peripheries.\n\n\nNon-state armed actors control areas to ensure the exploitation of illicit economies such as illegal mining, drug trafficking, extortion,\nand human trafficking, keeping communities in a critical situation. In this context, forced displacement is not only massive, but many\npeople choose to move individually to avoid the visibility and reprisals of armed groups. In addition, there are intra-urban, interveredal and even intra-reserve, displacements, that challenge territorial entities and humanitarian actors to understand and respond\nappropriately to these dynamics urgently and in transition.\n\n\nForced internal displacement in Colombia continues to be a consequence of the persistence of the conflict and a strategy of territorial\ncontrol by non-state armed groups to exert pressure on strategic areas. Communities, especially Black communities, and Indigenous\npeoples, continue to be disproportionately affected by the deterritorialization and uprooting caused by having to flee. In addition,\nchildren and young people are the population group most affected by forced displacement in the country. Women assume caregiving roles but at the same time are required to adapt their livelihoods to the places of arrival, generating fractures in family\ndynamics and/or exposure to violence in the context of the conflict. For their part, refugees and migrants are beginning to follow the\nforced internal displacement care route and are understood to be a population that is increasingly affected by the armed conflict.\n\n\nWithin the transformations of forced displacement, there is an urgent need to interpret not only mass displacement (10 families or\n50 people and upwards), but also to trace the tracks of individual displacement, given that after checking the declarations in cities\nsuch as **Buenaventura, Popay\u00e1n, Cucuta, Medell\u00edn, Cali, and Tumaco**, we can observe the arrival of people in individual displacement\nwith urgent assistance and solution-building requirements that challenge the capacities of large capital cities, but also of mediumsized cities that may even be overwhelmed in their capacity to provide assistance. This requires not only emergency assistance\nschemes but also the strengthening of prevention schemes and guarantees of non-repetition.\n\n\nLikewise, forced displacement may be of short duration, or people may even choose to move to the town centers rather than to the\nurban centers. Deficiencies in emergency assistance, weaknesses in institutional management to guarantee returns with conditions\nof willingness, security, and dignity, as well as the communities' eagerness not to lose their minimum subsistence needs, force people\nto return even without recognition of the victimizing event of displacement.\n\n\nIn all cases, whether displacement is of long or short duration, a challenge of enormous proportions remains access to durable\nsolutions, understood as not depending on humanitarian assistance for subsistence and access to rights without discrimination on\nthe grounds of displacement. Despite multiple efforts, return, relocation and local integration continue to be scenarios that require\nmaximum institutional effort.\n\n\nFor its part, confinement is a recurrent victimizing event in the peripheral regions of Colombia, disproportionately affecting Black\ncommunities and Indigenous peoples by denying them the autonomy to make decisions, including the possibility of fleeing to protect\ntheir lives. These situations reflect the transformation of the armed conflict, where confinement prevents communities from\nexercising their fundamental rights, puts their subsistence at risk, and deteriorates their networks and social fabric, which are their\nstrongest mechanisms of resistance.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n###### RISK 2 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\nNatural disasters, armed conflict and mixed migration flows differentially affect women, girls and OSIEGD [xxviii] . During humanitarian\ncrises, inequalities are exacerbated, the burden of time spent in caring roles increases, families' livelihoods are put at risk, and genderbased violence (GBV) deepens, including sexual violence (used as a strategy of social control by illegal armed groups) [xxix] and\nreproductive violence (forced pregnancy and maternity, forced abortion, forced sterilization, barriers to access to voluntary\ninterruption of pregnancy, among others), as well as human trafficking and sexual exploitation.\n\n\nThe Community Priority Response Plan (PRPC 2025) estimates that **3'281,408 people will be in necessity of protection to GBV-**\n**related risks**, including sexual violence by 2025, especially in municipalities in the departments of **Choc\u00f3, Nari\u00f1o, Cauca, Antioquia,**\n**Bol\u00edvar, Caquet\u00e1, La Guajira, and Norte de Santander** .\n\n\nSo far in 2024, according to the report of the National Institute of Health of Colombia, 103,143 people have been reported to have\nsuffered from GBV. Of the total number of reported GBV survivors, 76% are women, 46% are children and adolescents between the\nages of 0 and 17 [xxx], a highly worrying figure in terms of the humanitarian consequences for this population group.\n\n\nHowever, migrant women - in transit, on the move or with a vocation to stay - face greater risks of suffering GBV, as they have fewer\nresources to travel and for the survival of their families, exposing them to situations of mistreatment and violation by illegal groups\nand acts of sexual violence. According to the Integrated Information System on Gender Violence (SIVIGE), so far this year 3,806 cases\nof physical violence against refugee and migrant women have been reported, of which 39.54% corresponded to women between 1828 years old and 32.92% to women between 29-59 years old. In addition, 2,467 cases of sexual violence and 475 cases of psychological\nviolence were reported.\n\n\nAlthough the numbers have increased, the sub reporting of cases, especially those related to sexual and reproductive violence, is\nevident. This is the result, among other causes, of the normalization of practices that legitimize GBV: social control over the bodies\nof women, girls and adolescents and OSIEGD persons (including armed actors); sexual activity with minors; child marriage as a cultural\npractice; fear of reporting and seeking medical attention due to shame or social stigmatization. Likewise, the low capacities and\ninvestment of institutions with competence to provide an adequate response in terms of prevention, protection, health, and justice,\nespecially in municipalities in categories 5 and 6, exacerbate this situation.\n\n\nIn terms of care, there are no safe referral channels, there is a notable absence of the application of a gender and intersectional\napproach by officials of the justice and health system, the non-existence of safe spaces for reporting and the deficiency in the\nresponse routes which, in cases of imminent risk, do not provide options for victims due to the absence of infrastructure, shelters or\nsafe houses that allow for the implementation of protection actions. Access to and availability of these mechanisms may vary\ndepending on the region and local policies, as well as the support of national and international organizations.\n\n###### RISK 3 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups\n\n\nThe Area of Responsibility for Child Protection estimates that 2.1 million children and adolescents face protection risks associated\nwith recruitment, use and utilization, of which 566,108 live in geographic areas with extreme and severe risks. The Monitoring and\nReporting Mechanism under Resolution 1612 verified 263 cases of recruitment and use during 2023, the double than for 2022\n(130), and there was a 61% increase in recruitment against adolescent girls and women with 86 verified cases. Of concern is the\ndisproportionate impact on ethnic peoples - Indigenous and Afro-descendants - who account for 59% of the serious violations\nagainst children and adolescents in the context of the armed conflict [xxxi] .\n\nThis dynamic has persisted during the first half of 2024. The Ombudsman's Office registered 159 cases of recruitment, use and\nutilization, of which 51% are of children and adolescents from Indigenous peoples and 79% are concentrated in the department of\nCauca [xxxii] . In addition, the Colombian Institute for Family Welfare (ICBF) has dealt with 185 cases of disengagement of children and\nadolescents. Communities and families continue to be afraid to activate protection routes due to threats and social control by nonstate armed groups [xxxiii] .\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\nAccording to the Index of Probability of Occurrence of Recruitment -IPOR- the high risk of recruitment, use and utilization is\nconcentrated in 232 municipalities in the Pacific region (Nari\u00f1o, Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Choc\u00f3), the Amazon region (Putumayo,\nCaquet\u00e1, Meta and Guaviare), border areas with Venezuela (Norte de Santander and Arauca), southern Bol\u00edvar and Bajo Cauca\nAntioque\u00f1o [xxxiv] . In these geographical areas there are enclaves of illicit economies associated with drug trafficking, micro-trafficking\nand illegal mining in which children and adolescents are used and used and the risks of sexual violence, sexual exploitation and human\ntrafficking are exacerbated. In addition, they face a context of violation of rights due to structural conditions that impede access to\nessential rights and services such as education, food security and health. At the territorial level, gaps persist in the activation of\nemergency funds in the face of imminent threats and in the construction of intersectoral strategies for the construction of protective\nenvironments.\n\nSocial control and constant threats by non-state armed groups in high-risk areas are having an impact on the mental health and\npsychosocial well-being of children and adolescents, families, and communities, creating obstacles to the construction of life projects\nand community processes and encouraging negative coping behaviors such as the use of psychoactive substances. Additionally,\nattacks on schools and threats to teachers, according to the monitoring conducted by COALICO [xxxv], doubled between 2022 (23 attacks)\nand 2023 (46 attacks), reaching 16,764 children and adolescents affected in the last year, which limits the capacity of education as a\nprotective environment.\n\nRefugee and migrant children and adolescents face protection risks in geographic areas with the presence of non-state armed groups\nand in transit through the country. During 2023 and the first half of 2024, humanitarian actors identified 2,512 unaccompanied and/or\nseparated children and adolescents with risks associated with child labour, early unions, street habitation and recruitment, use and\nutilization by non-state armed groups. Seventy-five per cent of these cases did not enter the institutional care route despite referral\nto administrative authorities, which shows challenges for protection measures to be adapted to the needs of the refugee and migrant\npopulation.\n\n###### RISK 4 Trafficking in persons, forced labour or slavery-like practices\n\n\nIn Colombia, human trafficking continues to be a persistent crime, as noted by the Attorney General's Office. Between January and\nJune 2024, 191 cases have been registered, several of them linked to international human trafficking networks. The main victims are\nyoung women, between 18 and 26 years old, who are recruited mainly for sexual exploitation. In addition, the authorities indicate\nthat there has been an increase in the number of complaints related to minors [xxxvi] .\n\n\nBoth the Attorneys General Office and the Ombudsman\u2019s Office warn that official figures on human trafficking represent a\nconsiderable under-reporting, especially in areas of social and territorial control where state presence and social capacities are weak.\n\n\nThe Ombudsman's Office has issued 6 Early Warning Alerts - ATI for the territories of Caquet\u00e1, Casanare, Choc\u00f3, Meta, Bogot\u00e1, and\nQuind\u00edo on the risk of human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, begging and forced labour [xxxvii] . This highlights the\ngeographical distribution of the situation, in which victims are subjected to deception, coercion, and face multiple threats, making it\ndifficult to identify victims and perpetrators.\n\n\nThe territorial context of the risks of human trafficking is explained by the actions of illegal armed groups, the marked absence or\ndifferentiated presence of the state, particularly its social/civilian offer aimed at ensuring the effective enjoyment of the population's\nrights, and the weakening of coping mechanisms, self-protection, and social resistance.\n\n\nThe Ombudsman's Office warns that human trafficking, in many cases, is linked to other criminal conduct such as forced\ndisappearance and/or the recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents. In addition, there is an increase in cases\nrelated to commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents - ESCNNA. In addition, there has been an increase in the\noccurrence of different types of conduct against transgender people [xxxviii] .\n\n\nHowever, in relation to migrant smuggling, it is important to mention the measures adopted by the Panamanian government, related\nto the closure of five unauthorized crossings in the Darien jungle, through the installation of barbed wire, have significantly increased\nthe risks for migrants attempting to cross the border [xxxix] . Faced with these barriers, many migrants have resorted to alternative routes,\nexposing them to new forms of exploitation and human trafficking.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\nThese routes, especially by sea, depart from Buenaventura or the San Andres Islands to Central American countries, which are also\ndangerous, as criminal networks have extended their control to these areas, where refugees and migrants are often victims of human\nsmuggling and trafficking. Crossings in precarious vessels increase the risk of shipwrecks and other accidents at sea. In addition, the\nlack of adequate control and surveillance, and the impossibility of access to assistance in these corridors, increases the risk for the\npopulation and reduces their chances of being rescued.\n\n###### RISK 5 Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance\n\n\nExplosive ordnance (EO) contamination is a persistent threat to the civilian population in Colombia, significantly aggravating the\nhumanitarian crisis. The presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), anti-personnel mines (APL) and other improvised explosive\ndevices (IEDs) in community areas restricts mobility, limits access to productive land and basic services, exposes rural communities\nto a constant risk of accidents and death, and even prevents the safe return of forcibly displaced communities. Additionally, the\npresence of EAs in the territories imposes access restrictions on humanitarian workers seeking to support communities affected by\nconflict and natural disasters.\n\n\nBetween January and July 2024, according to official figures from the Consejer\u00eda Comisionada de Paz (CCP), there have been 62\nvictims of APL/UXO/IED [xl], of which the majority were civilians (63%). Of concern is the high percentage of children and adolescents\nwho have been victims of EO so far this year, 45% of all civilian victims, and the disproportionate involvement of Indigenous\ncommunities (54% of all civilian victims). The department most affected by APL/UXO/IEDs so far in 2024 is Cauca, with 43% of the\nvictims, followed by Nari\u00f1o, Choc\u00f3, Antioquia, and Bol\u00edvar.\n\n\nOn the other hand, there is a significant gap between the information reported in official records and the actual cases of victims of\nthis type of AE. Under-registration of victims has been observed in departments such as Cauca and Nari\u00f1o, where at least another 30\nvictims of APL/UXO/IEDs are in the process of verification for the reestablishment of their rights. Among the causes of underregistration are victims' lack of knowledge of their rights, fear of reprisals by the NSAGs and lack of tools on the part of local authorities\nto report events and take statements. According to the International Committee of the Red Cross [xli], between January and May 2024,\n194 victims of various AE (both victim-activated (APL/UXO), controlled detonation and launched AE) have been registered, of which\n117 were related to APL and UXO. This represents an increase of 35% compared to the same period in 2023, reflecting the increase\nin the use of AE in the country and the deterioration of the humanitarian situation.\n\n\nAccording to the CCP, as of August 2024, 87 municipalities are in the process of humanitarian demining and 119 are still waiting to\nbe assigned to humanitarian organizations to carry out decontamination work. However, due to the presence and activities of NSAGs\nand the escalation of the conflict, some areas in the 87 municipalities have had to suspend operations and only some of the remaining\n119 municipalities have basic security conditions to host humanitarian demining operations. The National Government is about to\nbegin implementing humanitarian demining operations in areas with security instability factors. However, this process requires a\ncautious and strategic approach, always prioritizing the security of all parties involved.\n\n\nAlarmingly, between April 2023 and May 2024, incidents such as military demining in operations and suspected minefields were\nreported in 36 municipalities [xlii] that had been declared free of APL/UXO or had historically had no previous reports. This is evidence\nof the expansion of the problem in areas that were considered safe in previous years. Among the incidents, casualties were reported\nin El Doncello (Caquet\u00e1), Balboa and Piamonte (Cauca), Potos\u00ed (Nari\u00f1o) and Bol\u00edvar (Valle del Cauca).\n\n\nThe Mine Action Area of Responsibility estimates that by 2025, 687,788 people living in 204 municipalities would be at risk of suffering\nan APL or UXO accident, or of being confined or displaced by the presence of these EO in their territories. This projection represents\nan increase of 13% in relation to the estimate for 2024, and 32% in relation to 2023, which responds to the evident escalation of the\ndifferent armed conflicts taking place in Colombia and the continued contamination with APL/UXO/IEDs by NSAGs, which mostly\naffect ethnic, rural and border communities. Of the estimated total number of people in need of mine action activities by 2025, more\nthan 185,000 people in 43 municipalities would be at risk of seeing their livelihoods collapse, due to difficulties in the use, enjoyment,\nand free transit of their territories in the presence of EO, which represent an imminent danger of accidents.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n##### **RESPONSE**\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nAs of August 2024, protection activities have been implemented in 28\ndepartments of Colombia, involving 26 protection partners who have\nworked especially in the Pacific, Antioquia, Cordoba, Putumayo, Arauca, and\nNorte de Santander regions. So far, 150,178 people have been reached, of\nwhom 37% are women, 23% men, 21% girls, 20% boys, 21% Afro-Colombians\nand 15% Indigenous people.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster partners have concentrated their efforts in the\nmunicipalities with the highest risk severity: 88% of the activities have been\ndeveloped in municipalities classified with severity 5, 59% in municipalities\nwith severity 4 and 23% in municipalities with severity 3. However, it has\nbeen identified that the departments of southern Bol\u00edvar, Caquet\u00e1, and\nAmazonas, as well as some municipalities in Cauca, Nari\u00f1o, C\u00f3rdoba and\nAntioquia, present important response gaps, indicating the need for\ngreater coverage and efforts in these areas.\n\n\nIn terms of the nature of the response provided by Protection Cluster\npartners, 48% of the activities have focused on prevention and protection\nfrom risks faced by affected communities and individuals. In addition, 34%\nof the actions have been complementary to the state's efforts to provide\nprotection against the violation of rights. Finally, 18% of the activities have\ncontributed to the achievement of durable and sustainable solutions, within\nthe framework of the armed conflict and climate.\n\n\n**CRTITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\n\nAt the end of 2023, the Protection Cluster obtained a 49.7\nmillion in funding, representing 41% of the funds requested,\nwhich enabled support to be provided to 388,048 people\nwith protection activities. Up to August 2024, the funding\nsecured is $35.9 million, covering only 29% of what is\nrequired and reaching 150,178 people. However, this marks\na 42% decrease in response compared to the number of\npeople reached by August 2023 .\n\n\nThe areas most affected by the reduction in funding in 2024\ncompared to 2023 have been general protection activities,\nwith a 38% drop, and mine action, which saw a 22%\ndecrease.\n\n\n\nFunding Requested & Received\n\n(in USD Millions)\n\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nTo address the complex protection challenges affecting the population in Colombia, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach\nthat addresses both the structural causes and the immediate consequences of the crises. It is a priority to strengthen the state's\npresence in the most affected areas, implement specific violence prevention programmes, establish comprehensive care centres for\nvictims, and guarantee humanitarian assistance for those suffering displacement and confinement. It is also necessary to improve\nfunding for humanitarian demining programmes, increase capacity to respond to gender-based violence and forced recruitment, and\nstrengthen strategies to combat human trafficking. These actions are designed to improve the protection of affected communities,\npromote durable solutions, and mitigate the impact of these risks on the most vulnerable populations, ensuring their security and\naccess to fundamental rights.\n\n\nUnlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and\nforced displacement\n\n\n**THE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n - **Update emergency response routes, ensuring that all responsible entities have clear protocols, resources, and standardized**\n**processes to act in the context of the forced displacement and confinement contingency.** This involves training field staff to\nidentify the needs of affected communities in a timely manner and to rapidly activate appropriate responses within the\nframework of subsidiarity and complementarity.\n\n - **Strengthen the local management of public policy for comprehensive attention to victims** in order to set up territorial\ntransitional justice committees (CTJT) that guide actions in prevention, emergency assistance and the construction of solutions.\nTo this end, it will be essential to strengthen systemic approaches to victim care at the departmental level that include the\nparticipation of competent entities, which favour the participation of victims, and that provide support in the municipalities with\nthe greatest financial and technical weaknesses.\n\n - **Increase actions in the area of prevention.** This includes orienting development plans to communities at risk, strengthening the\npresence of civil institutions, promoting community infrastructure works, health care workshops, documentation workshops,\nhuman rights promotion processes, strengthening Community Action Boards, and recognizing the competencies of ethnicterritorial authorities. This implies increasing the strengthening of territorial planning processes through community dialogue.\n\n - Advance in the implementation of actions contained in CONPES 4031 of 2021 [xliii] to strengthen the actions of Peace and Victims,\nwith the objective of increasing the Nation - Territory relationship and boosting the implementation of actions for\ncomprehensive attention to victims from the very expertise of the National Planning Department.\n\n\n**THE HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Transcend the reading of the phenomenon of forced displacement only from aggregate figures. It is necessary to understand\ndisplacement and the effects it has on women, children, young people, the LGBTIQ population, persons with disabilities, the\nelderly, and Indigenous peoples, and communities. It would be key to **update the guidelines for comprehensive attention to**\n**forced displacement from a differential approach** to support a local response consistent with the impact that forced\ndisplacement generates on populations.\n\n - Increase **protection** actions **based on communities** at risk as a catalyst for solutions. The humanitarian community must\nstrengthen local knowledge management, increasing the capacity of local and community authorities to address risks and\ngenerate local governance processes for the public policy of comprehensive attention to victims **.**\n\n - Develop and fund **comprehensive risk prevention projects** that focus on early identification of areas at risk of forced\ndisplacement and confinement. These projects should include the implementation of early warning systems that integrate\nlocal communities and authorities to rapidly detect and respond to hazards before they materialize **.**\n\n - Promote **durable solutions** through immediate humanitarian assistance processes. This implies investing in programmes that\nstrengthen **local capacities** for territorial management and community protection, including training local leaders and\ncommunities in **self-protection and risk management measures**, so that affected populations can prevent and mitigate the\nconsequences of armed conflict and make decisions regarding the most appropriate type of solution **.**\n\n - **Strengthen inter-agency coordination for protection in humanitarian action.** Coordination is a necessary resource for adding\nsynergies, increasing impact, and localizing the response according to the requirements of the context.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\n**THE DONORS**\n\n\n- Continue to prioritize funding for programmes in Colombia, especially those related to the protection of communities in conflict\nzones and areas affected by forced displacement and confinement. It is recommended to **support prevention initiatives, and**\n**long-term initiatives that focus on rebuilding the social fabric**, restoring livelihoods and community resilience, enabling\ncommunities to strengthen their capacities to respond to conflict.\n\n- Secure resources for **local capacity building**, facilitating collaboration between international organizations, local government,\nand communities to promote the sustainability of interventions, supporting both the provision of basic services and the\ntraining of community leaders in risk management and protection.\n\n###### RISK 2 Gender-Based Violence\n\n\n**THE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Ensuring comprehensive care for survivors of gender-based violence, including sexual and reproductive violence, especially for\nchildren and adolescents, is essential. To achieve this, it is necessary to increase the availability of medical, psychosocial, and\nmental health services that offer timely and quality care, focused on the needs of survivors. This care must be confidential and\nfree of discrimination in order to minimize the harm caused by violence.\n\n- Establish mechanisms to facilitate survivors' access to care services. Health services should have standardized procedures to\nguarantee appropriate referral to services that ensure the safety and protection of survivors. Globally, having specialized and\nintegrated services in one place has been shown to be good practice, as it prevents survivors from having to interact with multiple\nproviders, some of whom may not be sufficiently trained or follow procedures that could re-victimize the individual.\n\n\n**PROTECTION PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Ensure the availability of sex- and life course-disaggregated data by organizations implementing humanitarian action projects in\ngeneral and those involved in GBV response in particular.\n\n- Update and adapt the mitigation and response pathways for GBV survivors to the local conditions of the entities responsible for\nproviding care. This should be done by actively involving women's organizations and considering community coping mechanisms\nthat can help bridge gaps in access to services.\n\n- Support mechanisms to disseminate and access information on the rights and remedies of GBV survivors, adapted to the\nsituation of isolation and diversity of women and their communities and to the gender and intersectionality approach. Directly\ninvolve groups at higher risk (pregnant women, Indigenous women, Afro-descendants, people with disabilities and LGBTI\npeople, as well as people living with HIV), girls and adolescents. Strengthen people's capacities and resources to recognize\ncontexts of risk, including digital communication as a resource.\n\n- In terms of protection, strengthen the capacities of municipalities and competent entities to create safe spaces for women and\ngirls in migration and humanitarian contexts, as well as shelters for victims of GBV or at imminent risk of femicide, especially in\nthe territories, so that they can quickly protect themselves and their children.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n- Promote in all coordination spaces (at national or territorial level) the incorporation of gender analysis taking into account\nwomen in conditions of greater vulnerability (girls and adolescents, women survivors of gender-based violence and armed\nconflict, women who have lost their livelihoods, migrant and refugee women, women belonging to indigenous and AfroColombian communities, OSIEGD population, and people with disabilities).\n\n- Advocate for inclusive access of refugees and migrants to public health, justice, and protection services without discrimination\non the basis of their place of origin, nationality, or migration status.\n\n###### RISK 3 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.\n\n\n**PROTECTION PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Conduct interventions that strengthen community protection mechanisms for the prevention of recruitment, use and utilization,\nguaranteeing differential approaches based on gender and ethnicity and the participation of children and adolescents that\nsupport the construction of their life projects.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\n- Implement intersectoral strategies for the construction of protective environments from the education sector and\npsychosocial accompaniment at community and family levels.\n\n- Accompany the institutional framework in a complementary manner to strengthen the routes for the prevention of\nrecruitment, use and utilization at local levels.\n\n**THE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Generate a strategy for the prevention of recruitment, use and utilization that defines responsibilities and budget allocations for\nprevention actions at the territorial level and integrates differential approaches based on gender and ethnicity.\n\n- Implement the safe schools action plan in high-risk geographic areas to protect schools in the midst of armed conflict and\nstrengthen the protective role of education.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n- To make visible the situation of recruitment, use and utilization in Colombia. It is urgent that funding is sustained and increased\ngiven the rise in grave violations against children in the context of the armed conflict.\n\n- Support sustained actions in the medium and long term in geographic areas at higher risk that allow for the construction of\nprotective environments.\n###### RISK 4 Trafficking in persons, forced labour or slavery-like practices\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n- It is recommended to strengthen articulation scenarios with the inclusion of public and private entities, representatives of local\ncommunities and civil society organizations to address the prevention, care, and protection of human trafficking **.**\n\n\n**THE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Establish a joint mechanism for access to justice that does not expose the population accessing these services to additional\nrisks. In relation to care for survivors of the crime of human trafficking, care and assistance strategies and processes in\ndepartmental and territorial committees should be strengthened, especially focused on physical, psychosocial, and emotional\nhealth, economic insertion, capacity building, social and educational inclusion.\n\n- It is essential that the national government ensures both immediate and immediate assistance to potential victims of human\ntrafficking, prioritizing conflict-affected, border and rural areas. This includes the provision of safe shelter, access to education,\ntraining, and employment, as well as specific assistance for persons with disabilities, ensuring their inclusion in the design of\nthese measures.\n\n\n**THE DONORS**\n\n\n- Support the strengthening of expertise of local, migration and judicial authorities for the early identification of potential victims\nof human trafficking and migrant smuggling networks through innovative and technological strategies, as well as the\nreinforcement of protection systems and strategies, including shelter spaces and comprehensive care services for victims, which\nare essential to ensure safety and recovery **.**\n###### RISK 5 Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance\n\n\n**THE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Strengthen Comprehensive Assistance Victims (AIV) of APL/UXO/IEDs, seeking to close the gaps in care and allocating sufficient\nresources for each of the stages of the route. Likewise, the mechanisms for collecting information for the state database of\nvictims must be strengthened, through controls and validation of the different sources of information on victims to contrast\ndata and leave no one behind, facilitating the AIV in the territory and overcoming under-registration **.**\n\n- Designing a protocol for information exchange between the AICMA Group, organizations, territorial entities, and the health\nsystem is key to overcoming underreporting. It is recommended that a National AIV Standard be adopted to clearly define the\nroles of each entity to the survivors and their families.\n\n- Ensure the security of communities and humanitarian personnel during the early stages of implementation of the _National_\n_Humanitarian Demining Standard in areas with unstable security and response to specific events._\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\n- There is a need to continue and expand advocacy where mine action challenges are made visible in humanitarian architecture\nforums, Local Coordination Teams and the donor group, strengthening collaboration with key actors and promoting the\nintegration of mine action strategies to ensure a more coordinated, effective and efficient response in managing and mitigating\nthe risks associated with EO.\n\n\n**THE DONORS**\n\n\n- Retake the country as one of the strategic priorities for cooperation, considering the growing needs of the population and the\nimminent risk to which they are exposed. It is necessary to continue supporting humanitarian demining projects, national and\nlocal capacity building, Education on the Risk of Explosive Devices and Assistance to Victims, which in a complementary manner\ncan support the most vulnerable and reduce civilian casualties.\n\n\n**PROTECTION PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Strengthen cohesion and coordination among mine action partners to ensure comprehensive coverage, including in hard-toreach locations, avoiding duplication of efforts and maximizing the impact of available resources.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes**\n\n\ni _Victims of forced displacement between January 2023 and August 2024. The historical register of victims of forced displacement in the context of the armed conflict in_\n_Colombia is 9,844,331. Single Registry of Victims (RUV), Unit for the Attention and Integral Reparation of Victims (UARIV)._\n_ii Victims of confinement during 2024. Single Registry of Victims (RUV), Unit for the Attention and Integral Reparation of Victims (UARIV)._\n_iii Reports of people affected during the dry season and rainy season in 2024. Single Registry of Disaster Victims, National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD)._\n_[iv International Committee of the Red Cross, Colombia: Humanitarian Balance 2024.](https://www.icrc.org/es/document/colombia-balance-humanitario-2024)_\n_[v Ombudsman's Office, Municipalities with Confinement Risk Alerts issued in 2024, Ombudsman's Office Early Warning System Dashboard.](https://alertastempranas.defensoria.gov.co/Alerta/TableroPantallaCompleta?Length=0)_\n_vi UARIV, Declarations of Individual Displacement. Blumont, Forced Displacement Analysis 2024._\n_vii Cfr. Follow-up orders 004 and 005 of 2009, Constitutional Court of Colombia._\n_[viii Ombudsman's Office, The balance of the ceasefire over the last year does not show real gestures of peace by the armed groups, 5 February 2024.](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/-/balance-del-cese-al-fuego-en-el-%C3%BAltimo-a%C3%B1o-no-evidencia-verdaderos-gestos-de-paz-de-los-grupos-armados)_\n_ix Special Jurisdiction for Peace, Analysis of the Human Rights and Security Situation in Colombia: Impacts of the Ceasefires and Total Peace 2022-2023._\n_[x UNODC, Colombia: Alluvial gold mining 2022.](https://biesimci.org/fileadmin/2023/documentos/ResumenEsp_EVOA2022.pdf)_\n_[xi Blumont; https://response.reliefweb.int/es/colombia/dashboard-datos-oficiales.](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fresponse.reliefweb.int%2Fes%2Fcolombia%2Fdashboard-datos-oficiales&data=05%7C02%7Cdiazj%40unhcr.org%7Caa363b756de34f3cb0c608dcf3844ef7%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638652996799300248%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Gi5AZOkZ4nZ3CxnfBgJBDWiSbroMV4xR4p9VK18Qn1o%3D&reserved=0)_\n_[xii Migration Colombia, Report on Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in March 2024.](https://www.migracioncolombia.gov.co/infografias-migracion-colombia/informe-de-migrantes-venezolanos-en-colombia-en-marzo)_\n_[xiii Additionally, 1,400 people have been recognized as refugees, while 24,000 have asylum seeker status, awaiting recognition decision. UNHCR, Country Data Centre,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/col)_\n_(2024)._\n_[xiv R4V, RMNA 2023 - Refugee and Migrant Needs Analysis.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/rmna-2023-analisis-de-necesidades)_\n_xv Regularization through the ETPV is not possible for those who enter Colombia after May 2023 or who have not completed the Single Registry of Venezuelan Migrants_\n_[(RUMV) by this date. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Unidad Administrativa Especial de Migraci\u00f3n Colombia, Resolution 971 of 2021.](https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/Normograma/docs/resolucion_uaemc_0971_2021.htm)_\n_[xvi R4V, RMNA 2023 - Refugee and Migrant Needs Analysis.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/rmna-2023-analisis-de-necesidades)_\n_[xvii Between June 2023 and May 2024, the Ombudsman's Office issued 13 Early Warning Warnings, highlighting risks linked to the presence of or disputes for control](https://alertastempranas.defensoria.gov.co/?orden&criterioBusqueda=migrante&anioBusqueda)_\n_between armed actors, the actions of organized crime, selective homicides associated with recruitment practices and even xenophobic discourse promoted by these_\n_groups._\n_[xviii R4V, RMNA 2023 - Refugee and Migrant Needs Analysis.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/rmna-2023-analisis-de-necesidades)_\n_[xix UARIV, Evaluation Criteria Manual.](https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/documentos_bibliotec/manual-criterios-de-valoracion-v3/)_\n_xx The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimated that there were refugees and migrants from Venezuela affected by the_\n_armed conflict in 747 municipalities in 31 departments of the country in 2019. The departments where these profiles were most identified were Arauca, Putumayo, La_\n_Guajira, C\u00f3rdoba, and Norte de Santander. On the other hand, according to information gathered by the Europana project, between 15 July 2019 and 17 November_\n_2020, 161 cases of refugee and migrant children and adolescents of Venezuelan nationality who suffered forced displacement due to the internal armed conflict were_\n_[identified. Taken from Persons in international forced human mobility and victims of the internal armed conflict: an analysis of the double affectation in the Colombian](https://caribeafirmativo.lgbt/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Doble-afectacion.pdf)_\n_[context.](https://caribeafirmativo.lgbt/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Doble-afectacion.pdf)_\n_xxi Ibid, p21._\n_xxii The increase in the number of population flows and their particular vulnerabilities have aggravated the pressure on the border with Panama, especially in the_\n_municipalities that are part of the Urab\u00e1 sub-region. The flow of the Venezuelan population and the gradual increase of the Ecuadorian and Colombian population_\n_stand out. For the second half of 2024, mixed flows will surely be impacted by the electoral context in Venezuela and the United States, as well as by the internal_\n_situation in Ecuador and the imposition of mobility restrictions by the Panamanian government._\n_[xxiii OCHA, Colombia Humanitarian Trends and Impact Report 2024, Cut-off date: January - July 2024. Publication: 03 September 2024.](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/informe-tendencias-e-impacto-humanitario-en-colombia-2024-fecha-de-corte-enero-julio-de-2024-fecha-de-publicacion-03-de-septiembre-de-2024?_gl=1%2A9ssmk2%2A_ga%2ANzkxNDM5MzY1LjE3MjQwODU4MTQ.%2A_ga_E60ZNX2F68%2AMTcyNTQ2NjY3NS4xNC4xLjE3MjU0Njg0MzcuNjAuMC4w)_\n_[xxiv Humanitarian Situation Alert - Flooding in the municipality of Quibd\u00f3 (Choc\u00f3), 30 August 2024.](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1crf7jWBKSGq-ahUbnNT5MX1zZ2jXzTR-/view?usp=drive_link)_\n_[xxv Data on natural disasters compiled by OCHA-Monitor.](https://monitor.unocha.org/colombia)_\n_xxvi Ruling by which, among others, the Constitutional Court recognizes forced internal displacement due to environmental causes._\n_xxvii Black communities of the Colombian Pacific, facing debates on the urgency of collective protection as a required action in the territories._\n_xxviii Sexual Orientations and Diverse Gender Identities and Expressions._\n_[xxix During 2023, 204 cases of sexual violence in the framework of the armed conflict were reported among children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. Source: SIVIGE.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYzMxZjY4NjAtMGNlNy00YTU1LThmOTktMDNmNzY3MDM2ZDI4IiwidCI6ImJmYjdlMTNhLTdmYjctNDAxNi04MzBjLWQzNzE2ZThkZDhiOCJ9)_\n_xxx Source: National Institute of Health INS. The question asked in the NAB includes within Gender Based Violence (GBV), situations of physical, psychological, or verbal_\n_[abuse and/or violence related to discrimination. Court 24/08/2024. Gender and domestic violence and attacks with chemical agents.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYzdkZjdkNDAtMDI5Zi00NGU2LTg1ZjktYTQxYmFhMjUwMzEyIiwidCI6ImE2MmQ2YzdiLTlmNTktNDQ2OS05MzU5LTM1MzcxNDc1OTRiYiIsImMiOjR9)_\n_[xxxi UNICEF (2024) UN Secretary-General's Report on Children and Armed Conflict.](https://www.unicef.org/colombia/documents/informe-del-secretario-general-de-naciones-unidas-sobre-ni%C3%B1ez-y-conflictos-armados-2023)_\n_[xxxii Ombudsman's Office, 51% of cases of recruitment known to the Ombudsman's Office correspond to children and adolescents from indigenous peoples, 12 July 2024.](https://defensoria.gov.co/-/51-de-casos-de-reclutamiento-conocidos-por-la-defensor%C3%ADa-corresponde-a-ni%C3%B1as-ni%C3%B1os-y-adolescentes-de-pueblos-ind%C3%ADgenas)_\n_[xxxiii Colombian Institute for Family Welfare, Programme Dashboard for Disengaged Children and Adolescents.](https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/anal.tica.institucional.icbf/viz/Desvinculados/Portada)_\n_xxxivOffice of the Presidential Advisor for Human rights and International Humanitarian Law, Colombia (2024) Index of Probability of Occurrence of Recruitment, Use and_\n_Utilization._\n_xxxv Coalition against the involvement of children and young people in the armed conflict in Colombia._\n_[xxxvi Office of the Inspector General of Colombia, More than 190 cases of human trafficking registered in first semester, 2024. 30 July 2024.](https://www.procuraduria.gov.co/Pages/mas-190-casos-trata-personas-registrados-primer-semestre-2024.aspx#%3A~%3Atext%3DLa%20Procuradur%C3%ADa%20General%20de%20la%2Cinternacionales%2C%20que%20son%20llevadas%20a)_\n_[xxxvii Ombudsman's Office, Ombudsman's Early Warning System Dashboard.](https://alertastempranas.defensoria.gov.co/Alerta/TableroPantallaCompleta?Length=0)_\n_[xxxviii Ombudsman's Office, 74% of human trafficking cases handled by the Ombudsman's Office were for the purpose of sexual exploitation, 30 July 2024.](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/-/74-de-los-casos-de-trata-de-personas-atendidos-por-la-defensor%C3%ADa-fue-por-fines-de-explotaci%C3%B3n-sexual)_\n_[xxxix UNHCR, Mixed Movements Darien and Chiriqui, July 2024.](https://reliefweb.int/report/panama/movimientos-mixtos-darien-y-chiriqui-julio-2024)_\n_[xl Register of information on effects of APL and UXO and intervention, AICMA Group Colombia, Consejer\u00eda Comisionada de Paz..](https://www.accioncontraminas.gov.co/Estadisticas/datos-abiertos)_\n_[xli The humanitarian situation in Colombia has continued to deteriorate in 2024 - Figures January to May 2024, ICRC.](https://www.icrc.org/es/articulo/la-situacion-humanitaria-en-colombia-ha-seguido-deteriorandose-en-2024)_\n_xlii In the departments of Amazonas, Antioquia, Bol\u00edvar, Caquet\u00e1, Casanare, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Guain\u00eda, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nari\u00f1o, Norte de_\n_Santander, Putumayo, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, and Vaup\u00e9s._\n_xliii Conpes 4031 (1).pdf \"This document updates the guidelines of the National Plan for Attention and Integral Reparation to Victims (PN ARIV), responding to the new_\n_realities of the policy, considering the lessons learned from nearly ten years of its implementation and taking into account the constitutional framework of the Integral_\n_System of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of Non-Repetition (SIVJRNR). To this end, it includes actions aimed at preventing the occurrence of new acts that_\n_affect the lives, personal safety, freedom and integrity of the victims of the armed conflict, as well as mitigating the effects they have on the affected population;_\n_improving their socio-economic conditions, especially those of victims of forced displacement; contributing to the reparation of victims for the damage caused in the_\n_context of the armed conflict, and providing solutions to the challenges that still persist in the functioning of the institutional framework set up to implement the_\n_policy\"._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**COLOMBIA** | October 2024\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nBetween June and July 2024, the Protection Cluster and the Protection sector of the GIFMM participated, together with\nthe Areas of Responsibility (AoR) gender-based violence, child protection, mine action and the sub-group on trafficking and\nsmuggling, in the humanitarian programming workshops for the update of the Community Priority Response Plan (PRPC)\nwith the intention of deepening protection issues in the territories prioritized by the Humanitarian Country Team. This\nparticipation in the territory complemented the review of official data extracted mainly from the Ombudsman's Office\n(Early Warnings); new victimizing events registered by the Victims Unit (UARIV) and indicators for monitoring the situation\nof vulnerability derived from forced internal displacement (Vulnerability Overcoming Indicator). The analysis was based on\nthe Protection Analysis Framework (PAF) and on quantitative and qualitative data from the territorial teams of the\nProtection Cluster and the Protection sector, as well as from partners of the protection coordination structure in the\ncountry, with whom it was possible to deepen the analysis of risks in the territories most affected by the overlapping\nhumanitarian emergencies in Colombia. It should be noted that the Protection Cluster and the Protection Sector carry out\nprotection monitoring missions and hold bimonthly meetings with the territorial teams, which enrich the protection\nanalysis presented in this document.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nThe qualitative data is limited to areas where the Protection Cluster and the Protection sector have territorial teams.\nIntegrated information is available for the Pacific Axis, the Border with Venezuela axis, and capital cities. The south-east of\nthe country has a limited presence of protection actors, which is why the related information is mainly official.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official data", - "confidence": 0.576648473739624, - "start": 99, - "end": 101 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "official data", - "confidence": 0.5291746854782104, - "start": 99, - "end": 101 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ombudsman's Office", - "confidence": 0.5520290732383728, - "start": 105, - "end": 109 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "COLOMBIA", - "confidence": 0.7844768166542053, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Analysis Framework", - "confidence": 0.6017950773239136, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.512346625328064, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "territorial teams", - "confidence": 0.6192651391029358, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/255e4c26-c596-41c2-a53c-8b7862e579d7/pau24_protection_analysis_update_colombia_oct-24_english_revfinal.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_845/raw/doc_845_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_845/raw/doc_845_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4e7d34278847aca267db0c3c3a941b0863781111..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_845/raw/doc_845_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,337 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SOUTH SUDAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Joint Protection Cluster \u2013 UNHCR update on protection risks for South Sudanese returnees and refugees and asylum- seekers from Sudan\n\n#### **FEBRUARY 2024 | External version**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster in South Sudan and UNHCR\njointly present this Protection Analysis Update (PAU)\nspanning April 2023 to February 2024. This update\naims to comprehensively document the protection\nenvironment at crucial stages of the displacement\njourney, including risks, vulnerabilities, and\npreventive measures. Focusing on points of entry,\ntransit, and onward movement to integration\nlocations, the report sheds light on the impact of the\nongoing conflict in Sudan on various populations on\nthe move.\n\n\nSince April 15, 2023, South Sudan has been grappling\nwith a deepening humanitarian crisis stemming from\nthe protracted conflict in Sudan between the\nGovernment of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the\nRapid Support Forces (RSF). The conflict has\ntriggered widespread displacement, with over\n588,000 people crossing into South Sudan since 15\nApri ~~l,~~ 2023, with further 420,000 returnees and\n80,000 refugees expected to arrive in 2024. Of the\narrivals, 120,000 are refugees and asylum-seekers\nfrom Sudan. The journey into South Sudan is fraught\nwith peril, exposing refugees and returnees to\nvarious protection risks, including violence, assault\nby armed groups, theft, extortion, and heightened\ninstances of sexual and gender-based violence\n(SGBV), particularly affecting women and girls.\n\n\n\nSudan Situation\n\n\n\nThe crisis has unfolded against the backdrop of\nSouth Sudan's existing challenges, including a\nprolonged internal displacement emergency with\nover 2.1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs),\nchronic food insecurity, and climate-induced\ndisasters. Explosive hazards covering over 16 million\nsquare meters of land further impede movement\nand limit access to essential humanitarian aid, affecting both displaced populations and host communities. Humanitarian\naccess challenges persist due to poor road conditions, particularly in northern Jonglei and parts of Unity and Upper Nile states.\nThe influx of refugees and returnees exacerbates existing tensions, threatening to reignite ethnic-based fighting in Renk,\nMalakal, and other parts of the country.\n\n\nThe humanitarian response faces critical challenges in transit areas and onward movement. Congested transit centres lack\nessential services, exposing returnees and refugees to prolonged risks, and onward movement faces obstacles due to limited\nfunds, poor road conditions, and reluctance of refugees to move to Maban camps designated by the Government as a refugee\nhosting area, and lack of efficient transportation. Inadequate funding is a pervasive issue, with only 50% of the 2023\nHumanitarian Response Plan receiving funding and 36% of the Sudan Situation Refugee Response Plan funded, leading to a\n30% shortfall in protection needs. The widening gap between available funds and the escalating humanitarian needs poses a\ncritical challenge for both humanitarian actors and the protection landscape in South Sudan.\n\n\nThe unfolding crisis demands urgent attention and robust funding to address immediate protection concerns, enhance\nhumanitarian access, and prevent further escalation of the humanitarian crisis. A comprehensive and strategic response is\nessential to mitigate the risks faced by vulnerable populations, especially women, girls, children, and individuals with complex\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nneeds. The international community's commitment to closing the funding gaps is crucial for sustaining vital protection services\nand ensuring the well-being of those affected by the South Sudan humanitarian crisis in 2024.\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n1. **Child and forced family separation:**\n2. **Gender-based violence**\n**3.** **Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property:**\n4. **Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice:**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n - **Enhance Child Protection and Family Reunification** : There is a need to advocate for the establishment and strengthening\nof family reunification services, especially for unaccompanied minors and the elderly, with emphasis on the need for\nlegal support in obtaining documentation and increased resources for families hosting vulnerable individuals, while\nhighlighting the importance of robust child protection services and psychosocial support in conflict-affected areas.\n\n - **Improve Access to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Services** : There is a critical need for improved access to quality GBV\nservices and the provision of emergency livelihood opportunities to mitigate GBV risks in addition to the creation and\nstrengthening of safe spaces for women and girls, and enhanced data collection and awareness efforts to combat ongoing\nGBV challenges.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | JANUARY - DECEMBER 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|STRESS|Col2|SEVERE|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|EXTREME|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Kapoeta East, Kapoeta
North, Uror, Rumbek
Centre, Wulu, Aweil
South, Aweil West,
Mayom, Gogrial West,
Tonj East, Tonj North,
Tambura|Kapoeta East, Kapoeta
North, Uror, Rumbek
Centre, Wulu, Aweil
South, Aweil West,
Mayom, Gogrial West,
Tonj East, Tonj North,
Tambura|Juba, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei, Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta South, Lafon,
Magwi, Torit, Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor, Pochalla,
Twic East, Awerial, Cueibet, Rumbek East, Rumbek North, Yirol East, Yirol West, Aweil
Centre, Aweil East, Aweil North, Abiemnhom, Guit
Koch, Leer, Mayendit, Panyijiar, Pariang, Baliet, Longochuk, Maban, Maiwut, Manyo,
Melut, Panyikang, Ulang, Gogrial East, Tonj South, Twic, Jur River, Raja, Wau, Ezo,
Ibba, Maridi, Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Juba, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei, Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta South, Lafon,
Magwi, Torit, Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor, Pochalla,
Twic East, Awerial, Cueibet, Rumbek East, Rumbek North, Yirol East, Yirol West, Aweil
Centre, Aweil East, Aweil North, Abiemnhom, Guit
Koch, Leer, Mayendit, Panyijiar, Pariang, Baliet, Longochuk, Maban, Maiwut, Manyo,
Melut, Panyikang, Ulang, Gogrial East, Tonj South, Twic, Jur River, Raja, Wau, Ezo,
Ibba, Maridi, Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Juba, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei, Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta South, Lafon,
Magwi, Torit, Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor, Pochalla,
Twic East, Awerial, Cueibet, Rumbek East, Rumbek North, Yirol East, Yirol West, Aweil
Centre, Aweil East, Aweil North, Abiemnhom, Guit
Koch, Leer, Mayendit, Panyijiar, Pariang, Baliet, Longochuk, Maban, Maiwut, Manyo,
Melut, Panyikang, Ulang, Gogrial East, Tonj South, Twic, Jur River, Raja, Wau, Ezo,
Ibba, Maridi, Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Juba, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei, Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta South, Lafon,
Magwi, Torit, Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor, Pochalla,
Twic East, Awerial, Cueibet, Rumbek East, Rumbek North, Yirol East, Yirol West, Aweil
Centre, Aweil East, Aweil North, Abiemnhom, Guit
Koch, Leer, Mayendit, Panyijiar, Pariang, Baliet, Longochuk, Maban, Maiwut, Manyo,
Melut, Panyikang, Ulang, Gogrial East, Tonj South, Twic, Jur River, Raja, Wau, Ezo,
Ibba, Maridi, Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Juba, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei, Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta South, Lafon,
Magwi, Torit, Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor, Pochalla,
Twic East, Awerial, Cueibet, Rumbek East, Rumbek North, Yirol East, Yirol West, Aweil
Centre, Aweil East, Aweil North, Abiemnhom, Guit
Koch, Leer, Mayendit, Panyijiar, Pariang, Baliet, Longochuk, Maban, Maiwut, Manyo,
Melut, Panyikang, Ulang, Gogrial East, Tonj South, Twic, Jur River, Raja, Wau, Ezo,
Ibba, Maridi, Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Rubkona,
Fashoda,
Uakpiny/Nasir,
Malakal, Renk|\n|**INCREASE **|**43 counties**|**43 counties**|**STABLE **|**33 counties**|**REDUCTION **|**2 **|**2 **|\n\n\nAt the beginning of 2023, protection risk severities demonstrated that the country was mainly under a stressed situation,\nchiefly due to endemic low-level conflicts, poverty, flood-related displacement, and largely unaddressed consequences of past\nconflicts, with pockets of severe risk situation in Upper Nile, Jonglei, and other parts of the country that were subject to\nongoing conflicts of a broader scale. The protection risk assessment conducted after the April 2023 influx demonstrates a\nheavy even extreme increase, in five counties of severities of risks connected with the arrival and transit challenges of people\narriving from Sudan as well as an increased number of returnees seeking to (re)integrate across, for the most part, northern\nareas of the country. It is also important to note that protection risks severities might have been influenced by the reduction\nand re-prioritization of humanitarian support, including food and WASH and protection services in the country.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection risk assessment", - "confidence": 0.9995964169502258, - "start": 1360, - "end": 1363 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9157227277755737, - "start": 1394, - "end": 1395 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9446901082992554, - "start": 1367, - "end": 1368 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5906656980514526, - "start": 1367, - "end": 1368 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nAs of April 15, 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in conflict between the Government of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid\nSupport Forces (RSF). This has led to widespread displacement, marking the beginning of a protracted conflict that continues\nto date. Before the ongoing conflict, Sudan hosted around 1.1 million refugees and asylum-seekers, including 800,000 officially\nregistered South Sudanese. Additionally, many South Sudanese resided in Sudan without clear legal status.\n\n\nSince the beginning of the conflict, there has been a substantial increase in the number of people fleeing Sudan, witnessed at\nvarious border points between Sudan and South Sudan. Authorities have identified 12 key entry points along the border, and\nas of 18 February 2024, nearly 464,000 people were recorded returning into South Sudan since 15 April 2023, with an\nanticipated 420,000 more in 2024. Simultaneously, 120,000 refugees and asylum-seekers from Sudan arrived, with an\nadditional 80,000 expected in 2024. The unfolding situation across Sudan, particularly in Wadi Madani, is causing further\ndemographic fluxes towards the east (Gedaref) and the south (border between South Sudan\u2019s Upper Nile state and Sudan).\nSecondary displacement within and out of Sudan is becoming a recurrent feature of the unfolding conflict as many of those in\nWadi Madani were already displaced from Khartoum and are now exposed to new forced displacement. Additionally, the\ncontinued hostilities in Kordofan and Darfur, combined with increasing food insecurity levels and limited or no access to\nassistance, drive people to cross the border into South Sudan.\n\n\nThe displacement journey into South Sudan is a perilous one, with many refugees and returnees facing a broad spectrum of\nprotection risks. Many have experienced violence, assault and abuses by armed groups, theft, and extortion, and women and\ngirls have suffered or witnessed various forms of sexual and gender-based violence.\n\n\nOnce in South Sudan, returnees and refugees arrive in mixed groups and urgently require life-saving assistance, including food,\nWASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene), shelter, nutrition, health and psychosocial support at border areas and transit and\nreception facilities. Currently, these facilities are congested and risk becoming remote and hard-to-reach crises, necessitating\nurgent onward transportation assistance for the well-being of new arrivals.\n\n\nThe Sudan crisis has been unfolding against the backdrop of South Sudan's prolonged conflict, insecurity, and climate-induced\ndisasters, profoundly affecting vulnerable populations. The influx of refugees and returnees exacerbates an existing internal\ndisplacement crisis in South Sudan, which is already home to over 2.1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), making it one\n[of the largest internal displacement emergencies in the world. A Protection Risk Assessment in 2023 highlights alarming rates](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/pc_ssd_protection_risk_assesment_-_august_2023_short_version.pdf)\nof gender-based violence (GBV) and significant risks to children. Explosive hazards covering over 16 million square meters of\nland pose a considerable threat, endangering movement and limiting access to essential humanitarian aid. The highest levels\nof contamination are mainly located within the Greater Equatoria region on highly productive agricultural land and along main\nsupply routes, as well as in Upper Nile and Jonglei states. Explosive hazards inhibit civilians from collecting water or firewood,\ncultivating land, attending schools, and receiving health care, among other essential services. They further prevent\nhumanitarian organizations from accessing vulnerable communities or providing life-saving assistance in conflict-affected\nareas. Displaced populations, returnees, and refugees are exposed to heightened risks from explosive hazards as they may\nlack local knowledge of contaminated areas and may traverse and settle in marginal and hard-to-reach lands that have\npreviously not been assessed. Limited governance compounds legal, justice, and remittance insecurities, impacting many\nissues including security of tenure for shelter and livelihoods.\n\n\nEfforts toward (re)integration, especially in central and northern parts of South Sudan, face challenges due to instability,\nunfavorable conditions and risk exacerbating and igniting intercommunal tensions. People in IDP-like conditions, including\nthose in camps and settlements, require basic support, and there are cases of secondary movements, with individuals\nreturning to border areas due to dire conditions seemingly better than in designated return areas, further contributing to\ncongestion.\n\n\nFighting in Sudan has made the humanitarian situation in South Sudan even worse. The cut-off of trade supply routes from\nSudan to South Sudan has increased the prices of basic commodities as much as 60%. South Sudan largely relies on the\nneighboring countries for food imports. Still, commodities such as grain and other goods have stopped coming in due to road\nclosures from northern Sudan to South Sudan, partly contributing to inflation. Additionally, new localized ethnic-based\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\ntensions have already sprung up in Renk and Malakal in Upper Nile state and threaten to reignite ethnic-based fighting. As\nreturnees reach new areas in their former home villages or cities like Malakal and Juba, the strain on already stretched basic\n[services will grow. The added strains will do little to help stalled peace implementation move forward (Refugees International](https://d3jwam0i5codb7.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/South-Sudan-Report-July-2023.pdf)\n[27/07/2023, LSE](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/crp/2023/06/28/south-sudanese-perspectives-on-sudans-war-deteriorating-humanitarian-and-economic-conditions-and-rising-conflict-risks/) 28/06/2023).\n\n\nHumanitarian access has been hindered for response teams, particularly in areas with persistently poor road conditions, such\nas northern Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states. Renk becomes inaccessible by road during the rainy season, while the route\nfrom Malakal is only navigable for small cars, preventing the delivery of significant aid. Although humanitarian partners have\nconsidered river transport as an alternative, recent improvements in road conditions have enabled vehicle movement from\n[Bentiu, Rotriak, and Panakuach. (OCHA 09/11/2023).](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-response-sudan-crisis-situation-report-no-18-3-november-2023)\n\n\nThe humanitarian response has prioritized areas facing emergency influx and areas of return in the 2024 Humanitarian Needs\nand Response Plan. Core support activities are highlighted to contain the situation and prevent the potential escalation of the\nhumanitarian crisis. Protection actors, particularly in the South Sudan Protection Cluster, emphasize the need for emergency\ncore protection services, vulnerability assessments, referrals, dignified shelter with security of tenure, peace-building,\ncommunity mechanisms support, access to livelihoods, and localized linkages with government and development actors in\n(re)integration areas.\n\n\nSouth Sudan faces chronic underfunding in its humanitarian and emergency responses. In 2023, only 50% of the Humanitarian\nResponse Plan and 36% of the Sudan Situation Refugee Response Plan were funded, with a 30% shortfall in Protection needs\n[(OCHA, UNHCR). As we move into 2024, the widening gaps between available funds and escalating humanitarian needs pose](https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1111/summary)\na critical challenge for both humanitarian actors and the protection landscape in South Sudan. The existing strain on lifesaving\nand remedial protection services is expected to intensify without sufficient funding. This deterioration will disproportionately\naffect women, girls, children, and vulnerable adults with complex needs, exposing them to increased risks. Additionally, newly\narriving returnee communities will encounter similar challenges that initially prompted their displacement. Addressing the\nfunding gaps and strategically responding to the emerging needs resulting from the refugee and returnee influx will be pivotal\nin shaping the protective landscape of 2024. Fundraising efforts must be robust to ensure the sustainability of vital protection\nservices and mitigate the heightened risks faced by vulnerable populations.\n\n\n**COMPLEX SITUATION INCLUDING POINTS OF ENTRY, IN TRANSIT & ONWARD MOVEMENT AND REINTEGRATION**\n\n\nIn South Sudan, the population is subject to different movement and displacement flows that are each characterized by factors\nexacerbating common protection risks or impacting their vulnerabilities and capacities to common threats. In the ongoing\nrefugee and returnee movement emergency from Sudan to South Sudan, protection risks evolve through distinct stages: points\nof entry, transit, and onward movement and (re)integration (refugees to be settled in designated camps, settlements, and/or\nurban areas). Unlike returnees, refugees and asylum seekers, once arriving at transit centres, are moved to designated refugee\ncamps where the Government of South Sudan, supported by UNHCR, initiates registration and status determination processes.\nOf the 2.06 million internally displaced people (IDPs) in South Sudan, 1.3 million are living in underserved sites, with 1.4 million\nestimated by the Protection Cluster to be people in need of protection. Furthermore, the affected population of 1.26 million\nreturnees, of which there are an estimated 420,000 from Sudan and Ethiopia, 390,000 from the pre-Sudan crisis period, in\naddition to the 440,000 estimated to arrive during 2024, need emergency protection services at points of entry and adjacent\nreception and transit centres. There are an estimated 370,000 refugees in the country, 72,000 of whom arrived after the Sudan\nconflict began in 2023 with 80,000 estimated to arrive during 2024. A total of450,000 individuals are estimated to be in need\nof emergency life-saving and protection services in 2024 in points of entry and adjacent reception and transit centres, and\nrefugee camps across the country.\n\n\n**1.** **Points of Entry**\n\n\nAs of the end of February 2024, South Sudan has recorded almost 588,000 arrivals at its points of entry, with the majority\n(79%) being South Sudanese returnees. However, reports indicate an increase in Sudanese refugees entering South Sudan\ncompared to the conflict's onset in April. Notably, 97% of all refugees and asylum-seekers in South Sudan originate from Sudan\n(UNHCR population update, 3 March 2024). Furthermore, by the end of 2023, an estimated 70,000 South Sudanese from\nEthiopia have returned to South Sudan due to insecurity in Ethiopia.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population update", - "confidence": 0.9870458841323853, - "start": 900, - "end": 902 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.674931526184082, - "start": 924, - "end": 925 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "South Sudanese", - "confidence": 0.8575890064239502, - "start": 921, - "end": 923 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nThe 12 points of entry in South Sudan witness the majority of new arrivals (84%), with Wunthow/Joda, near Renk, in Upper\n[Nile State being the primary crossing point (UNHCR](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZTMwNTljNWYtYmVhYi00ZGI2LTgwYzAtN2UyNDZmZTRlNjBkIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSection95859b8850a76994e6fb) assessment 20/12/2023). South Sudan upholds an open-door policy for\nrefugees and returning South Sudanese citizens, positively impacting access to territory and asylum rights. However,\nchallenges arise as the South Sudanese borders, especially with Sudan, remain largely porous.\n\n\nReturnees and refugees fleeing conflict in Sudan have been subject to, and have witnessed, violence and conflict on their\ndisplacement journey. As Sudan\u2019s conflict erodes basic law and order, displaced returnees and refugees may experience\ncriminality during their journey to South Sudan; many have been robbed of their most basic property and possessions, and\nsome have been victims of physical abuse, gender-based violence, and/or suffered other forms of rights violations. Family\nseparation during the journey has led to cases of unaccompanied or separated children, vulnerable people, including\nunaccompanied women or girls, the elderly, or people with disabilities finding themselves without family or community\nsupport in transit settlements. These experiences and conditions upon arrival create a variety of health, GBV, psychosocial and\nother mitigation needs among returnees that need to be addressed immediately and referred for longer-term intervention in\nareas of (re)integration or refuge.\n\n\n**2.** **In Transit**\n\n\nMost returnees and refugees have crossed into South Sudan through the Wunthow/Joda border crossing, north of Upper\nNile State. Some 24,000 in Renk as of 3 January 2024 and 4,000 in Malakal are currently congested in transit areas due to the\nlack of possibilities for onward movement. Transit sites are intended as intermediary short-term stops for basic profiling of\nrefugees and returnees ahead of onward movement and to receive life-saving emergency humanitarian assistance. As the\nnumber of refugees and returnees grows, so does the duration of transit periods. With the intersecting needs of individuals\nand families arriving, limited financial resources, and often having nowhere else to go, arrivals are increasingly stuck in\ntransit locations. Transit sites are becoming overcrowded, lacking basic services and minimal standards for living conditions\nfor long-term stays. The continuous influx exacerbates the already deteriorating living conditions, posing a growing threat to\nthe health and safety of returnees. This situation also contributes to an increase in protection incidents, particularly in the\nareas of gender-based violence (GBV), child protection, and support for the elderly, disabled individuals and unaccompanied\nor separated children (UASC).\n\n\n**3.** **Onward Movement and Reintegration**\n\n\nEfforts to facilitate onward movement from transit centres to places of origin for returnees and designated refugee camps and\nsettlements for refugees have encountered several challenges. These include insufficient funds, limited availability of efficient\nvehicles or vessels, poor road conditions, and the willingness of returnees and refugees to relocate. The persistently slow pace\nof onward movement has perpetuated congestion at the transit centres, heightening risks for those housed there. Various\nfactors contribute to refugees choosing to remain in Renk, such as its proximity to the border and reluctance to relocate to\nMaban. Similarly, for returnees, some originally hail from Renk, while others cannot return to their areas of origin due to safety\nconcerns. Some of the arriving South Sudanese returnees are original to the border areas and have dispersed in counties of\nUpper Nile State, Unity, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and Jongoli states, seeking shelter and support, while some choose to remain\nin those areas and seek short-to-mid term integration solutions as they are unable or unwilling to travel to other areas. No\nresearch is currently available on the distinction between the two groups; however, recently acquired consensus among\nhumanitarian actors and some government structures in Upper Nile State agrees on a number of some 90,000-100,000 South\nSudanese returnees in the state and in need of (re)integration support including food security, security of tenure on land, basic\nshelter, livelihood support, and linkages to protection specific and targeted services.\n\n\nFurthermore, at the national level, the Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) cluster anticipates that around 20\nper cent of these returnees will settle in existing IDP sites throughout the country.\n\n\n**4.** **Protection Environment for Refugees and Asylum-Seekers**\n\n\nBefore the conflict in Sudan in April 2023, South Sudan was hosting an estimated 300,000 refugees and asylum-seekers in an\nalready challenging environment where South Sudan continued to grapple with sub-national violence, chronic food insecurity,\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiling of\nrefugees and returnees", - "confidence": 0.6794313788414001, - "start": 348, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and returnees", - "confidence": 0.906390905380249, - "start": 350, - "end": 353 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nand the devastating impact of major flooding. At the end of December 2023, and after the conflict in Sudan, 78,150 refugees\nand asylum-seekers had arrived in the country, adding a further challenge to the capacity of the protection service delivery.\n\n\nLike returnees, refugees and asylum-seekers encounter many of the same challenges at the points of entry, transit centres,\nand during onward movement to their designated camp or settlement locations. Refugees and asylum-seekers have been\nmainly arriving in the northern states, namely Upper Nile, Ruweng Administrative Area (RAA), Northern Bahr El Ghazal,\nWestern Bahr El Ghazal, and to Abyei, with some managing to find their way to Juba or southern states. In the northern states,\nrefugees were arriving at locations with no refugee camps/settlements nor established services and/or to existing camps\nalready at their full capacity. This overstretched the financial resources available to build new settlements, expand the current\ncamps, and provide shelter, WASH, and specialized services to meet the needs of the new arrivals. This contributed to limited\naccess to services such as NFIs, multi-purpose case assistance, and child protection and GBV services for survivors, which\nresulted in reports of psychological distress among refugees. Examples of incidents caused by limited services have been\nreported by IOM and UNHCR in December 2023 portraying major challenges humanitarian agencies are facing in the country\n[(IOM and UNHCR are deeply concerned over the risks faced in relocating refugees and returnees away from border areas).](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/iom-and-unhcr-are-deeply-concerned-over-risks-faced-relocating-refugees-and-returnees-away-border-areas)\n\n\nBefore the conflict in Sudan, about 90 per cent [1] of refugee households lacked the economic resources to meet their minimum\nfood needs without external assistance. Refugees rely mainly on humanitarian food assistance, which has already been\nreduced by 50 percent since 2021 due to limited financial resources. Refugees have engaged in temporary and informal smallscale income-generating activities, such as selling firewood and/or rainfed agriculture. The disruption in the supply of goods,\nincluding food and non-food items, from Sudan\u2014South Sudan's primary import source\u2014has resulted in a significant upturn in\nmarket prices. Over the initial two weeks of the crisis, the cost of the essential food basket surged from 18 to 56 per cent. [2]\nThis left many of the new arrivals and existing refugees unable to fill the gap of reduced food assistance, let alone to achieve\nself-reliance. The increased presence of refugees in refugee camps where the host community lives in their peripheries and\nreceives different types of assistance in the past is anticipated to increase competition over already scarce natural resources\nand constrained socioeconomic opportunities.\n\n#### RISK 1 Child and forced family separation\n\n\nAs of 31 ~~D~~ ecember, more than half of the new arrivals are under 18, while 12,647 or 3% ~~a~~ re over sixty. Many of them have\narrived without caregivers. Reports show that many of those reaching the entry points along the South Sudan border have\nbeen separated from their families; as of July 2023, over 380 unaccompanied and separated children have been identified at\n[the border and transit centres (UNHCR assesment 20/12/2023, UNHCR](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZTMwNTljNWYtYmVhYi00ZGI2LTgwYzAtN2UyNDZmZTRlNjBkIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSection95859b8850a76994e6fb) 01/08/2023). The circumstances in which they have\nbeen separated vary according to the individuals, often children and the elderly. For example, anecdotal evidence shows that\nroadblocks have led to women and men being separated, leaving many (often women) experiencing sexual assault and theft\nof their belongings. According to an assessment conducted in Rotriak Settlement, some South Sudanese men and teenage\nboys have been either conscripted in Sudan, killed, or are in hiding within Sudan, leaving their families to go onward in their\njourney without them. According to the same assessment, some children reported that their parents were at work when the\n[fighting started, and they got caught up in other parts of the city (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) 01/08/2023, [UNFPA](https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/news/sexual-violence-stalks-women-and-girls-fleeing-sudan-south-sudan) 25/07/2023, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/inter-agency-assessment-report-vulnerable-returnees-sudan-and-vulnerable-idps-rotriak-settlement-rubkona-county-unity-state-13-may-2023) 06/06/2023,\n[UN News](https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/12/1131457) 07/12/2022). While this data shows the circumstances in which some families have been separated in a specific\nsettlement, similar accounts of family separation have likely been experienced by people who have fled the violence in Sudan\nin other settlements.\n\n\nIt is not only children that are separated from their families, but also many elderly people have been recorded arriving with\n[no caregivers (OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-response-sudan-crisis-situation-report-no-18-3-november-2023) [09/11/2023, UNFPA 05/07/2023). Those who have been separated from or have lost family members or](https://www.unfpa.org/press/sudan-top-un-officials-sound-alarm-spike-violence-against-women-and-girls)\nother caregivers are left even more vulnerable. They may experience severe mental health and psychosocial consequences\nfrom the experience of conflict and flight, with further risk of neglect, violence, and exploitation in situations of displacement.\n\n\n1 Joint Post Distribution Monitoring \u2013 January 2023\n2 WFP South Sudan, Country Brief, April 2023\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9174076914787292, - "start": 671, - "end": 672 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9185677766799927, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rotriak Settlement", - "confidence": 0.9375803470611572, - "start": 674, - "end": 676 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9727787971496582, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "South Sudanese men and teenage\nboys", - "confidence": 0.694008469581604, - "start": 678, - "end": 684 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nThe presence of parents and caregivers is one of the key factors against the long-term negative effects of stress; being\nseparated from family can, in fact, contribute to PTSD. Deprived of family and community support systems and care, children\n[are even more at risk of forced labour, recruitment, trafficking or GBV (Info Migrants](https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/50656/children-refugees-mental-health-the-unseen-scars-of-trauma) [27/07/2023, UNHCR 15/06/2023).](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-heightened-risks-violations-and-sexual-violence-reported-civilians)\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-based violence.\n\n\nAt the points of entry, gender-based violence (GBV) risks occur as individuals leave Sudan. The outbreak of conflict and\nwidespread violence in Sudan has driven many, particularly women, to flee. Many women have cited the risk of GBV as a\nreason for their flight from Sudan \u2013 as being concerned for their safety and that of their children. Some have reported fighters\nsexually assaulting women and girls, while others have shared reports of sexual harassment and sexual exploitation.\nTestimonies from new arrivals cite different perpetrators, including organized armed groups, militias, gangs, and criminal\n[groups. Most documented cases in Sudan referred to \u201carmed groups\u201d as perpetrators (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105508) 19/12/2023). Women and girls\nhave also faced sexual and gender-based violence during their journeys to safety, at checkpoints, and while awaiting visas at\nthe border. Incidents being reported include cases of harassment at checkpoints, abduction, rape, sexual assault, and sexual\nexploitation. Events of systematic rape of women and minors as young as eight years old by parties to the conflict operating\nbetween Karasana and the border have been reported. An older woman described her route to South Sudan being \u201cas\ndangerous as the war itself.\u201d Anecdotal data also show that some women are separated from their travel companions at\n[roadblocks along the way to border crossings and are then sexually assaulted (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105508) [19/12/2023, ICRC](https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2023/09/28/sexual-violence-in-conflict-weapons-unpacking-the-links-for-better-prevention/) [28/09/2023, UNFPA](https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/news/sexual-violence-stalks-women-and-girls-fleeing-sudan-south-sudan)\n25/07/2023, [REACH](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/emergency-situation-overview-sudan-south-sudan-cross-border-displacement-june-2023-renk-county-upper-nile-state-south-sudan) 21/06/2023, [UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-heightened-risks-violations-and-sexual-violence-reported-civilians) 15/06/2023). The risk of adolescent girls being exposed to sexual violence is\n[especially high when they lose family members and immediate caretakers (GPC & IASC](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2014_2019/documents/femm/dv/gbv_toolkit_book_01_20_2015_/gbv_toolkit_book_01_20_2015_en.pdf) 20/01/2015).\n\n\nWhile there is no published data on the number of women and girls who have faced such violence, data shows that women\nand girls make up nearly half of the new arrivals. Therefore it is likely to be a widespread issue, especially given the testimonies\n[from new arrivals highlighting the issue (UNHCR 01/08/2023).](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555)\n\n\nDuring transit, individuals face heightened risks of GBV. Overcrowded transit centres, lack of essential services, and\nvulnerability factors such as loss of assets contribute to increased risks of sexual violence. Women resort to selling belongings,\n[collecting firewood, and engaging in income-generating activities, exposing them to exploitation and abuse (UNFPA](https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/news/sexual-violence-stalks-women-and-girls-fleeing-sudan-south-sudan)\n25/07/2023). Child and forced marriages are on the rise, and the longer individuals stay at transit centres, the higher their\n[vulnerability to sexual harassment and forced marriage (UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-heightened-risks-violations-and-sexual-violence-reported-civilians) 15/06/2023). This increase in sexual and gender-based\nviolence is likely to lead to rising unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, on top of the physical and mental\n[trauma hundreds of thousands are already suffering (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105329) 12/12/2023). Women and girls with disabilities, and particularly\nthose with psychosocial, hearing, and intellectual disabilities are more at risk of sexual violence and other forms of GBV due\nto negative attitudes by individuals and societies. The longer these women and girls stay at the transit centres, the higher their\nvulnerability will be to GBV, especially as a shortage of shelters persists and specialized services remain limited in transit and\n[reception facilities (UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-heightened-risks-violations-and-sexual-violence-reported-civilians) 15/06/2023). The situation is particularly dire in Renk Transit Centre due to overcrowding.\n\n\nGBV risks persist during onward movement and return journeys. The risk remains high when women and girls are on the move,\n[seeking safer locations (UNFPA](https://www.unfpa.org/press/sudan-top-un-officials-sound-alarm-spike-violence-against-women-and-girls) 05/07/2023). Even after resettlement, the risk of GBV remains elevated, given South Sudan's\nhigh prevalence of GBV. Factors contributing to this risk include conflict, economic shocks, displacement, poverty, limited\n[access to sexual and reproductive health rights, and compromised privacy in shared homes with host communities (RT](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/juba-stigma-hampers-efforts-to-end-gender-based-violence)\n27/11/2023). Gender bias, unemployment, and weak justice systems perpetuate GBV, with customary courts often favouring\n[men (SSMJ](http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/assets/files/Journals/vol_16_iss_4_nov_23/How%20South%20Sudan%20is%20fighting%20back%20GBV.pdf) 04/11/2023). The psychological, mental, and physical health of survivors and communities are impacted, leading\n[to transgenerational grievances and perpetuating cycles of violence (UN SC 31/01/2022).](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N22/234/37/PDF/N2223437.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n\nAdditionally, there is a compromised sense of privacy when returnees share homes with host communities, leading to\novercrowding at the household level, often resulting in tensions and violence that expose them to GBV. There is also some\nevidence of the correlation between the presence of weapons and sexual violence, meaning the prevalence of arms in South\n[Sudan is likely to drive up GBV incidents (ICRC](https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2023/09/28/sexual-violence-in-conflict-weapons-unpacking-the-links-for-better-prevention/) [28/09/2023, IPI Global Observatory](https://theglobalobservatory.org/2022/12/new-avenues-for-preventing-sexual-violence-in-conflict-addressing-weapons/) 09/12/2022). However, a specific case in\nRotriak underscores the vulnerability of returnees due to the deteriorating conditions in which they are settling. Women,\nespecially women-headed families, are settling in makeshift shelters under trees, exposing them to attacks, robbery, and\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Anecdotal data", - "confidence": 0.779881477355957, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7717271447181702, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7757813930511475, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6332253813743591, - "start": 236, - "end": 237 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "published data", - "confidence": 0.7864916920661926, - "start": 458, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8181700706481934, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9476383328437805, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.7984365820884705, - "start": 485, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\n[sexual and gender-based violence. Women have also expressed insecurity due to the lack of lighting during the night (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/inter-agency-assessment-report-vulnerable-returnees-sudan-and-vulnerable-idps-rotriak-settlement-rubkona-county-unity-state-13-may-2023)\n06/06/2023).\n\n\nThe lack of GBV response services at entry points, along with a deficient case management system in health clinics, further\n[compound the challenges faced by survivors (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-response-sudan-crisis-situation-report-no-11-15-september-2023) 19/09/2023). As returnees experience similar challenges in South Sudan,\n[comprehensive support services are needed to address the long-term impact of GBV on individuals and communities (LAW](https://www.legalactionworldwide.org/wp-content/uploads/SOUTH-SUDAN-19-June-statement-FINAL.pdf)\n19/06/2023).\n\n#### RISK 3 Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property.\n\n\nMany new arrivals continue to report violence and exploitation, such as extortion and looting, including during their journey\nto South Sudan. There have also been reports that upon arrival, many have been requested to pay unauthorized charges to be\nable to cross the border. The lack of money to make these payments to cross borders was cited as one of the barriers to\n[movement (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) 01/08/2023, [IOM 18/07/2023,](https://mena.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl686/files/documents/2023-07/iom-sudan-external-situation-report-number-14.pdf) [REACH 27/06/2023). Across points of entry in different states, such as Unity](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/reach/5754f598/REACH_SDN_Factsheet_Cross-border-rapid-assessment-AoK-Darfur-Round2-SSD_june-2023.pdf)\nand Northern Bahr El Ghazal, there have been reports of looting of personal belongings, such as money, phones, clothes, and\n[cooking utensils along the way, often at gunpoint (Sudan Tribune](https://sudantribune.com/article279181/) 09/11/2023, [UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) 01/08/2023, [LSE](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/crp/2023/06/28/south-sudanese-perspectives-on-sudans-war-deteriorating-humanitarian-and-economic-conditions-and-rising-conflict-risks/) 28/06/2023).\nAdditionally, in Bentiu, many new arrivals have reported targeted thefts and robberies of essential items, allegedly by the host\n[community, but also by other new arrivals (UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) 01/08/2023). Some returnees who arrived complained that they spent two\nmonths on their way from Sudan to South Sudan; some of the reasons provided were that their vehicle fuel was siphoned by\narmed personnel (UNHCR 25-30/12/2023 Bentiu Field Office Weekly Update). Robbery was reportedly commonplace even\nalong the reportedly relatively safer Khartoum-Renk route as described by those fleeing, compared with routes to Panakuach,\n[the Abyei Administrative Area (AAA), and Aweil and Raja counties (REACH](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/emergency-situation-overview-sudan-south-sudan-cross-border-displacement-june-2023-renk-county-upper-nile-state-south-sudan) 21/06/2023).\n\n\nThe combination of losing their source of income, and the ongoing theft of personal belongings, especially money \u2013 possibly\nlife savings - is likely to leave refugees, asylum-seekers and returnees economically vulnerable, and increase their protection\nneeds, as economic vulnerability and marginalization may be part of the root causes of protection risks. It is also important to\nnote that for those who have their money stolen along their journey, this could prevent them from ever reaching the point of\n[entry or make the journey even more hazardous (DW](https://www.dw.com/en/south-sudan-returned-refugees-face-a-humanitarian-crisis/a-66171656) [10/07/2023, REACH](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/reach/5754f598/REACH_SDN_Factsheet_Cross-border-rapid-assessment-AoK-Darfur-Round2-SSD_june-2023.pdf) [27/06/2023, UNHCR](https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/erc-guide-for-protection-in-cash-based-interventions-web.pdf) 2016).\n\n#### RISK 4 Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies and justice.\n\n\nEven before the Sudan conflict and the subsequent refugee and returnee movement, the lack of civil documentation has been\na fundamental obstacle for returnees to South Sudan. After the 2018 peace agreement, many IDPs and refugees who fled to\nother countries returned home to find that other occupants had claimed their houses or that they were severely destroyed or\ndamaged. Already, around 90% of men, women, and children in South Sudan do not possess a National ID, leaving a significant\nnumber at risk of statelessness. The process of obtaining nationality documents, especially in remote areas, proves to be an\narduous and expensive journey, involving a range of demanding prerequisites, from birth certificates and age assessments to\nphotographs, blood tests, and a fee of approximately USD 20. The financial burden, coupled with the need for credible\n[witnesses, intensifies the challenges faced by individuals seeking to establish their nationality (UNHCR](https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/where-we-work/africa/supporting-pockets-hope-south-sudan/helping-secure-future-one) last accessed\n[20/12/2023, IOM](https://southsudan.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1046/files/documents/2023-11/20231120_multi_dimensitional_fragility_ss_report.pdf) 20/11/2023).\n\n\nMoreover, competing authorities and blurred land rights, exacerbated by years of conflict, present real obstacles, including\nwidespread destruction of housing, land, and property (HLP), land grabbing by military personnel, secondary occupation of\nland by IDPs, forced evictions, and financial barriers to HLP documentation are adding to the complexity of HLP issues\nparticularly in managing the resettlement of returnees and IDPs in urban and rural areas. The patriarchal system defining\n[women's land rights in land ownership and allocation adds another layer of complexity to the HLP landscape (Protection](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/november_pau_-_hlp_focused.pdf)\n[Cluster](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/november_pau_-_hlp_focused.pdf) 11/11/2022).\n\n\nA significant demographic of returnees comprises South Sudanese nationals (83%) returning to their homeland, with many\nexpressing a wish to return to their areas of origin. As these refugees return, tensions emerge with those who remained and\nthe host communities, particularly in regions like Malakal, the capital of Upper Nile State and a primary destination for South\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nSudanese returnees fleeing the Sudan conflict. There are reports of some returnees\u2019 homes having been reportedly burned or\noccupied. The aforementioned barriers to accessing documentation, in addition to disputes over lands ( faced by returnees\nsince 2018) are likely to be similar for the newly arrived returnees from Sudan, as barriers to access civil documentation persist.\nWithout adequate civil documentation, returnees struggle to secure jobs in the formal economy, access public services, prove\nhome ownership and resolve HLP disputes. Lack of documentation of land ownership and conflicts over natural resources,\nincluding cattle and water, remain significant risk factors for HLP disputes. There are already reports of tensions between\n[returnees and those who stayed and oversaw the illegal logging activities (IOM](https://southsudan.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1046/files/documents/2023-11/20231120_multi_dimensitional_fragility_ss_report.pdf) 21/11/2023, UNHCR last accessed 15/12/2023,\n[UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/105329) [12/12/2023, IOM](https://southsudan.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1046/files/documents/2023-11/20231120_multi_dimensitional_fragility_ss_report.pdf) [20/11/2023, UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) 01/08/2023).\n\n\nDespite the hesitancy of some to return to their places of origin due to insecurity, many will likely move to areas of origin if\nthey are able to. Therefore, failure to address these issues effectively may only compound problems when displaced\npopulations begin their return, presenting a daunting scenario for the sustainable resettlement and reintegration of\ncommunities in South Sudan, especially given that many lack up-to-date knowledge on the challenging conditions in the areas\nof return, and that many of the root causes of the civil war in South Sudan have not been adequately addressed, and\n[widespread destruction is still visible (UNHCR 01/08/2023, Refugees International](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555) [27/07/2023, LSE 28/06/2023, Protection](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/crp/2023/06/28/south-sudanese-perspectives-on-sudans-war-deteriorating-humanitarian-and-economic-conditions-and-rising-conflict-risks/)\n[Cluster](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/november_pau_-_hlp_focused.pdf) 11/11/2022).\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nIn South Sudan, significant progress has been made in enhancing humanitarian access and safety, especially in northern\nJonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states. Collaborative efforts with UNHCR and cluster members have improved aid delivery\nand reduced risks from explosive hazards. Life-saving assistance at border areas and transit facilities, including food, WASH,\nshelter, and health services, has addressed the immediate needs of refugees and returnees. The government\u2019s open-door\npolicy has also been vital in ensuring access and asylum rights for those fleeing conflict.\n\n\nAdditionally, significant strides have been made in bolstering protection efforts, facilitated by collaborations like the\nDRC/USAID PAF-DEEP project and strategic partnerships with ECHO, USAID/Office for Humanitarian Assistance(OHA). These\ninitiatives focus on strengthening joint protection analysis, emergency assistance for new arrivals, and capacity building\namong protection actors. A key achievement has been the introduction of the Protection Monitoring System (PMS), which\nsystematically gathers and analyzes information to identify trends and patterns in rights violations and protection risks. This\nsystem is crucial in informing effective programming and advocacy, playing a central role in decision-making, and\nprioritization across all sectors. The upcoming integration of a Protection Risk Analysis element into the PMS in 2024 is\nexpected to transform it into a comprehensive assessment tool. These efforts collectively enhance the overall protection\nlandscape, improving response strategies, advocacy, and service delivery for vulnerable populations, including those\nimpacted by gender-based violence, child protection, and sexual exploitation and abuse.\n\n\nAdditionally, with support from the Protection Cluster and the Refugee Protection Working Group, a robust protection\ncoordination mechanism was rolled out in Renk, a place that sees most new arriving refugees, asylum-seekers and returnees\ntransiting. The coordination mechanism is led by UNHCR and it coordinates life-saving emergency assistance and supports\ncoordination of information sharing and planning activities with state-level and national stakeholders to drive prioritization,\ninformation sharing, and responding to needs.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\nHumanitarian access continues to be impeded by inadequate road conditions, notably in northern Jonglei and sections of\nUnity and Upper Nile states. Furthermore, the widespread presence of explosive hazards, particularly in Greater Equatoria,\nUpper Nile, and Jonglei states exacerbates the challenge of delivering essential aid to vulnerable populations. During the rainy\nseason, Renk becomes unreachable by road, while the route from Malakal is only suitable for small vehicles, hindering the\ndistribution of substantial humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nDespite these efforts, South Sudan\u2019s humanitarian response faces critical funding shortfalls. In 2023, only half of the\nHumanitarian Response Plan's budget and 36% of the Sudan Situation Refugee Response Plan were funded, resulting in a huge\ngap in protection needs. This lack of funds severely impacts services for women, children, and vulnerable adults, exacerbating\nrisks for over 2.1 million internally displaced people and the growing number of refugees and returnees. Without increased\nfunding, sustaining essential protection services and addressing the escalating humanitarian needs will be challenging.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n\nIn the period covered by this analysis, urgent action is required to stop the sudden recorded increase in abuse and exploitation.\nThe Protection cluster and partners consider the below-listed actions necessary to avoid further harmful consequences. To\nensure mobile or static provision of critical protection assistance and services, including specialized response services, tailored\nto the specific needs, considering age, gender, and disability, at border crossing points and in reception and transit centres,\nprotection actors plan for the following core and life-saving protection activities to new arrivals:\n\n#### RISK 1 Child and forced family separation\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Establish and/or strengthen family reunification services throughout the displacement journey from points of entry\nto final integration destinations, with an emphasis on the identification of unaccompanied minors and elderly\npersons.\n\n - Provide legal support for obtaining necessary documentation for separated individuals, including birth certificates\nand identity documents.\n\n - Humanitarian assistance to prioritize families hosting and supporting unaccompanied minors and elderly persons,\nwith a potential to increase protection support packages for affected children, the elderly, and host families.\n\n - Strengthen child protection services in conflict-affected areas. Provide psychosocial support, counselling, and\nrehabilitation for children who have been recruited or are at risk. Create safe spaces for children to share their\nexperiences and receive assistance.\n\n - Provide targeted support for families with children with disabilities to reduce their vulnerability.\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-based violence\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Improve access to quality GBV services, emergency livelihood opportunities, and GBV-focused cash interventions to\nprevent women's and girls' exposure to risk throughout the key stages of displacement.\n\n - In tandem with the above, provide risk awareness and referral pathways to women and girls in hard-to-reach areas.\n\n - Establish/strengthen of women and girls\u2019 safe spaces to enhance reporting and response to GBV incidents.\n\n - Strengthen evidence-based advocacy and data collection on ongoing GBV risks, violations, and preventative measures\nthroughout the key stages of displacement.\n\n#### RISK 3 Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Launch public awareness campaigns to educate refugees, asylum-seekers, and returnees about potential risks and\nscams during their journey. Provide information on authorised fees and charges, and raise awareness about their\nrights.\n\n - Work closely with the Government of South Sudan at border points to mitigate all and any unnecessary costs\nassociated with seeking refuge and asylum in South Sudan by returnees and refugees alike.\n\n - Communities affected by the large influx of returnees and refugees at border and transit points and facing similar\nneeds to new arrivals should be included on a vulnerability and needs basis in humanitarian assistance. This will help\nreduce inter-communal tensions, outbreaks of violence, and the prevalence of theft targeting new arrivals.\n\n - Implement programs to support the livelihoods of displacement-affected communities. This can include vocational\ntraining, job placement, and small business support to mitigate economic vulnerability.\n\n - Advocate for increased security measures at entry points, especially in areas prone to forced recruitment.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | February 2024 \u2013 External Version\n\n#### RISK 4 Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies and justice\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR and PARTNERS**\n\n\n - Simplify and streamline the obtaining of nationality documents, birth certificates, and other essential identification\npapers. Reducing bureaucratic hurdles and minimising the required prerequisites can make the documentation\nprocess more accessible to returnees, especially in remote areas.\n\n - Establish mobile documentation units that can travel to remote areas to provide essential services. These units can\nassist individuals in obtaining necessary documentation, such as birth certificates and nationality documents, without\nrequiring them to travel long distances.\n\n - Launch awareness campaigns to educate returnees on the importance of legal identity and the steps involved in\nobtaining documentation. Provide information on available resources, services, and support to encourage individuals\nto pursue the necessary paperwork.\n\n - Provide capacity-building support for local authorities involved in documentation processes and land rights\nmanagement. Enhance their ability to handle complex issues and ensure they are well-equipped to address the\nunique challenges returnees face.\n\n - Establish effective monitoring and reporting mechanisms to track issues related to legal identity, remedies, and\njustice. This includes tracking the progress of documentation efforts, identifying areas with persistent challenges, and\ntaking corrective actions accordingly.\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **David Hattar** - **[hattar@unhcr.org](mailto:hattar@unhcr.org)** | **Andrii Mazurenko** - **mazurenk@unhcr.org**\n\n| **Dorijan Klasnic** - **[klasnic@unhcr.org](mailto:klasnic@unhcr.org)**\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65e6dafb-ef18-4279-b38f-494c9594027d/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_846/raw/doc_846_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_846/raw/doc_846_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b7bd971a9efa7431f3608e1ae4ba2f850a7b92d9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_846/raw/doc_846_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **TCHAD** **Analyse de Protection**\n### Mise \u00e0 jour des tendances des risques de protection face aux inondations\n\n#### **DECEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLe Tchad joue un r\u00f4le essentiel en accueillant des personnes fuyant\nles violences au Cameroun, au Nigeria, au Soudan et en R\u00e9publique\ncentrafricaine. Parall\u00e8lement, le pays fait face \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements\ninternes, principalement autour du bassin du lac Tchad, en raison des\nattaques des groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques.\n\n\nLe Sud est marqu\u00e9 par des conflits intercommunautaires, notamment\ndes tensions r\u00e9currentes entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs, tandis que\nl\u2019est du pays est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des affrontements entre populations\nautochtones et orpailleurs.\n\n\nDepuis juin 2024, de graves inondations ont frapp\u00e9 le pays,\ncons\u00e9quences directes des pluies abondantes et du d\u00e9bordement de\ndeux grands fleuves et de leurs affluents, affectant plus de 1 941 869\npersonnes dans les 23 provinces. Cette situation en constante\n\u00e9volution a caus\u00e9 des destructions consid\u00e9rables et le bilan g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\nfait \u00e9tat de plus de 217 000 maisons en ruines, 432 000 hectares de\nchamps d\u00e9truits et 72 000 t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail perdues. On d\u00e9nombre\n\u00e9galement 576 d\u00e9c\u00e8s.\n\n\nSelon le Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 (CH) de mars 2024, 2,3 millions de\npersonnes r\u00e9parties dans 16 d\u00e9partements, dont ceux des provinces\ndu Lac et de l\u2019Est, sont en situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re\n(phase 3 \u00e0 4). La production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re d\u00e9finitive de la campagne\nagricole 2023/2024 est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 2 643 417 tonnes, soit une baisse de\n5,5% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. Cette diminution a aggrav\u00e9\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, avec environ 30% des m\u00e9nages adoptant une\nconsommation alimentaire pauvre dans 12 des 23 provinces en septembre 2024.\n\n\nEn 2024, plus de 2 millions de personnes souffriront de malnutrition aig\u00fce, dont plus de 500 000 enfants de moins de cinq\nans s\u00e9v\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s, pr\u00e8s de 1,5 million de cas mod\u00e9r\u00e9s, ainsi que plus de 250 000 femmes enceintes et allaitantes\nmod\u00e9r\u00e9ment touch\u00e9es, n\u00e9cessitant une prise en charge nutritionnelle adapt\u00e9e.\n\n\nLes risques de protection n\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate sont les suivants :\n\n\n**1.** **Attaques contre des civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil**\n**2.** **Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre**\n**3.** **S\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des enfants et des familles**\n**4.** **Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels**\n**5.** **Discrimination et stigmatisation, refus de ressources, d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, de services et/ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide**\n\n**humanitaire**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\n - Renforcer la protection des civils dans les provinces impact\u00e9es par les crises humanitaires, y compris celles li\u00e9es aux\nchocs climatiques, en accordant une attention particuli\u00e8re aux femmes, enfants et personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques,\ntout en en mettant l\u2019accent sur le respect du droit international et national.\n\n - Mener des actions de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse contre les abus, l\u2019exploitation et les violences subies par les filles et les\ngar\u00e7ons, conform\u00e9ment aux normes minimales de protection de l\u2019enfance dans les interventions humanitaires.\n\n - Renforcer les interventions de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, tout en am\u00e9liorant l\u2019acc\u00e8s\net la qualit\u00e9 des services multisectoriels pour les survivant(e)s.\n\n - Garantir un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux services de base et aux droits pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force, en renfor\u00e7ant les\nsyst\u00e8mes nationaux, la capacit\u00e9 des prestataires de services et des communaut\u00e9s, et en promouvant une collaboration\naccrue avec les acteurs du rel\u00e8vement pr\u00e9coce et des solutions durables.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n**INCIDENTS DE**\n\n**INCIDENTS DE VBG**\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**VIOLATIONS GRAVES**\n**CONTRE LES ENFANTS**\n\n\n\n**NOMBRE DE PERSONNES**\n\n**AFFECTEES PAR LES**\n\n\n\n**INONDATIONS**\n## **5 657 2 344 135 1.9M**\n\n\n\n**% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% ANN\u00c9E** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE**\n\nGBVIMS de\n\n\n\nMonitoring de\nprotection P21\n\n\n\njanvier \u00e0\nseptembre\n\n2024\n\n\n\nMonitoring de\nprotection P21\n\n\n\nLe Tchad, au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, a connu une fragilit\u00e9 croissante et une diminution des ressources pour la\nr\u00e9ponse et l\u2019assistance humanitaire. Le pays fait face \u00e0 une crise complexe et prolong\u00e9e, exacerb\u00e9e par de multiples facteurs\nainsi que divers chocs et d\u00e9fis. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante li\u00e9e aux conflits, notamment l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s, et les\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s r\u00e9currents maintiennent les populations, en particulier les femmes, les enfants et les personnes ayant\ndes besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, dans un cycle permanent de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et de violence.\n\n\nA cela s\u2019ajoute les effets du changement climatique (inondations et s\u00e8cheresses), la r\u00e9duction et/ou la d\u00e9gradation des\nressources socio-\u00e9conomiques des m\u00e9nages, la propagation des maladies et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, ainsi qu\u2019un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux moyens\nde subsistance (faible production agricole, d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des \u00e9changes), \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et aux soins de sant\u00e9 primaires. D\u2019apr\u00e8s\nl\u2019Indice de Risque Climatique pour les enfants publi\u00e9 par l\u2019UNICEF en 2021, le Tchad est le 2\u00e8me pays au monde o\u00f9 les enfants\nsont les plus expos\u00e9s aux risques des effets du changement climatique. Dans ce contexte, les femmes et filles sont de plus en\nplus expos\u00e9es aux risques accrus de violences par leur partenaire ou sont contraintes d\u2019adopter des m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9gatifs de\nsurvie.\n\n\nLa situation de protection au Tchad devient de plus en plus pr\u00e9occupante, notamment en raison des incursions des groupes\narm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) et des individus arm\u00e9s, ainsi que du faible acc\u00e8s des populations aux services essentiels. Selon les\ndonn\u00e9es du Projet 21, un m\u00e9canisme interagence de monitoring de la perception des populations sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de leur\nenvironnement et des risques de protection, 5 657 incidents individuels de violations graves des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncollect\u00e9s entre janvier et octobre 2024. Bien que toutes les tranches d\u2019\u00e2ge soient touch\u00e9es, la population active de 18 \u00e0 59 ans\nest particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9e, avec des r\u00e9percussions significatives sur les moyens de subsistance, notamment en termes de\nrevenus et de stabilit\u00e9 socio\u00e9conomique des individus et des m\u00e9nages. Il convient de noter que l\u2019augmentation des incidents\nde protection pourrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 une meilleure collecte des donn\u00e9es et \u00e0 une couverture \u00e9largie du monitoring\ninteragence (Projet 21) et du GBVIMS.\n\n\nLes personnes interview\u00e9es soulignent le besoin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les services li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019eau, l\u2019assainissement et l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire et les moyens d\u2019existence, la protection, y compris la protection de l\u2019enfance et les VBG, la sant\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la\ndocumentation civile et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux terres. Elles estiment que la situation s\u00e9curitaire demeure extr\u00eamement volatile en raison\nde la menace constante des GANE, et des exactions commises par des individus arm\u00e9s, en particulier dans la province du Lac,\nau sud du pays, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Est o\u00f9 pr\u00e9dominent les actes criminels et de banditisme. L\u2019absence des autorit\u00e9s et la faiblesse des\nservices \u00e9tatiques dans certaines zones aggravent la situation de protection des populations civiles. Par ailleurs, les lieux o\u00f9\nsurviennent les incidents de VBG, notamment dans les champs, loin des communaut\u00e9s, ou lors de la collecte de bois de chauffe,\nrepr\u00e9sentent un risque important pour les filles et les femmes.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nLes attaques dans la province du Lac et au sud du Tchad ont des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9vastatrices pour les populations civiles. Outre\nles atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, ces attaques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement accompagn\u00e9es de la destruction des biens, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements\net de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s. La pression croissante sur les ressources naturelles exacerbe les tensions, conduisant parfois les\npopulations civiles elles-m\u00eames \u00e0 commettre des actes de violence.\n\n\nCes chocs ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 exacerber les menaces de protection au Tchad. Les incursions des GANE dans la r\u00e9gion du Lac et des\nindividus arm\u00e9s au Sud et \u00e0 l\u2019Est ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 l\u2019environnement de protection. Une augmentation des incidents\nde protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 au deuxi\u00e8me semestre 2023 et au premier semestre 2024.\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2024, 1 720 **atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et violations**\n**au droit \u00e0 la vie**, li\u00e9s aux attaques et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es comme les incidents les plus fr\u00e9quents. Parmi ces incidents,\n673 sont li\u00e9s aux attaques des GANEs ou au grand banditisme (\u00ab coupeurs\nde route \u00bb), r\u00e9partis comme suit: 509 dans la Province du Lac, 79 au Sud,\n66 \u00e0 l\u2019Est et 19 \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest. Parmi ces atteintes, 292 cas concernent des\nenl\u00e8vements, suivis par les meurtres et assassinats (380), ainsi que\nd\u2019autres violations graves des droits humains. 8% des incidents sont\ncommis contre les enfants, dont 6% sont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE ou aux\nindividus arm\u00e9s. (Cf Fig). Fait notable, 45% des incidents enregistr\u00e9s entre\njuillet et ao\u00fbt 2024 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par des populations civiles, soit une\naugmentation de 14% par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023. Cela pourrait \u00eatre d\u00fb \u00e0 la pression exerc\u00e9e sur les ressources\n\nnaturelles, ainsi qu\u2019aux conflits intercommunautaires et\nintracommunautaires qui en r\u00e9sultent. Ces actes ont touch\u00e9 toutes les\ncat\u00e9gories sociales, ind\u00e9pendamment de leur statut. Cependamment\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes sont les plus touch\u00e9es (817), suivies\ndes populations h\u00f4tes (228) (Cf. Fig).\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, le m\u00e9canisme mis en place par OCHA a\npermis d\u2019enregistrer 26 **conflits intercommunautaires** contre 37 au\npremier semestre 2023. Ces conflits ont caus\u00e9 la mort de plus de 100\npersonnes et fait environ 90 bless\u00e9s. Ce nombre est en baisse par\nrapport au premier semestre 2023. Cette diminution est aussi\nobserv\u00e9e au niveau des victimes 111 morts et 88 bless\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024 contre 188 morts et 360 bless\u00e9s pour la m\u00eame\np\u00e9riode en 2023. Il y aurait eu moins de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 la suite de conflits au premier semestre 2024 (environ 2 700)\ncompar\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode de 2023 (environ 30 000).\n\n\nOn note \u00e9galement l\u2019arriv\u00e9e massive des \u00e9leveurs Soudanais avec leur b\u00e9tail \u00e0 l\u2019Est en raison du conflit qui s\u00e9vit au Soudan ;\nce qui pourrait exacerber les risques de conflits intercommunautaires face \u00e0 la gestion de ressources naturelles tels que l\u2019eau,\nles espaces de transhumance et le p\u00e2turage.\n\n\nAucune r\u00e9ponse sp\u00e9cifique n\u2019a pu \u00eatre apport\u00e9 du fait de l\u2019insuffisance de ressources et de la faible pr\u00e9sence des acteurs\nhumanitaires dans les zones impact\u00e9es selon le m\u00e9canisme de suivi des incidents li\u00e9s au conflits communautaire mis en place\npar OCHA.\n\n#### RISQUE 2 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\nLa crise humanitaire multiforme que conna\u00eet le Tchad est exacerb\u00e9 par plusieurs facteurs qui contribuent aux risques de\nprotection, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG). De janvier 2024 \u00e0 juin2024, le GBVIMS a enregistr\u00e9\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n\nenviron 1 300 cas de VBG. La **violence physique** vient en t\u00eate des incidents enregistr\u00e9s, avec 36% des cas au premier trimestre\nde 2024 et 30,57% au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de 2024. Ce m\u00eame constat \u00e9tait aussi ressorti dans les statistiques du premier\nsemestre de 2023, o\u00f9 la violence physique repr\u00e9sentait 34% des 1 879 cas enregistr\u00e9s. Les **cas de d\u00e9ni de ressources** ont\n\u00e9galement augment\u00e9, passant de 24% au premier semestre 2023 \u00e0 25,57% au deuxi\u00e8me semestre 2024. Parmi les 1 300\nincidents rapport\u00e9s au premier semestre de 2024, les violences sexuelles repr\u00e9sentent 13,71%, soit une hausse par rapport au\npremier semestre de 2023 (11%).\n\n\nL\u2019aggravation de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans la r\u00e9gion du Lac, marqu\u00e9e par des attaques contre les civils et une pr\u00e9sence\naccrue de forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour des op\u00e9rations militaires, a expos\u00e9 les femmes et les filles \u00e0 un risque accru\nde VBG. Depuis janvier 2024, 1,4% des **incidents de violences sexuelles** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par des membres des GANE et 10,4%\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FDS. Bien que les survivantes aient pu acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des soins dans les 72 heures, elles craignent des\nrepr\u00e9sailles, ce qui entrave leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance juridique.\n\n\nLes **zones ayant un fort taux de d\u00e9placement interne**, tel que la province du Lac, sont particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9e : 75,63% des\n1 300 cas de VBG enregistr\u00e9s au premier semestre 2024 sont des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, indiquant une exposition plus accrue\nque pour les populations non d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. En effet, les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s sont souvent facteurs de conditions d\u2019habitation\npr\u00e9caires entrainant la promiscuit\u00e9 et exacerbant les VBG, en particulier la violence domestique et les violences sexuelles. De\nplus, les restrictions d\u2019acc\u00e8s impos\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s provinciales dans les zones insulaires du Lac en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise\ns\u00e9curitaire, emp\u00eachant l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services de VBG et \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\n\nSelon le monitoring de protection P21, 16% des personnes interview\u00e9es ont exprim\u00e9 leur crainte concernant la VBG ; les PDI\nmanifestant une inqui\u00e9tude encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e (16%). Au premier semestre de 2024, **les violences psychologiques**\nrepr\u00e9sentaient 25,71% des cas, et les mariages forc\u00e9s atteignaient 3,29%. La d\u00e9gradation des ressources socio-\u00e9conomiques\net des moyens de subsistance, ainsi que les normes sociales discriminatoires exposent les femmes et les filles \u00e0 des risques\nmultiples, tels que les agressions physiques, les viols, les agressions sexuelles et le d\u00e9ni de ressources, d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 et de\nservice. Ces situations entra\u00eenent une d\u00e9tresse psychologique accrue et une d\u00e9gradation de la sant\u00e9 mentale des populations\naffect\u00e9es.\n\n\nEn outre, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des conditions de vie et l\u2019\u00e9rosion des ressources socio-\u00e9conomiques des\nm\u00e9nages conduisent certains hommes \u00e0 user de violence au sein du foyer. Environ 33% des cas de violences physiques et\n\u00e9motionnelles sont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des **partenaires et/ou des membres de la famille** . Incapables de subvenir aux besoins de\nleur familles, certains adoptent des m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9gatifs de survie tels que le sexe de survie et/ou le mariage pr\u00e9coce. Enfin,\nl\u2019appui financier sous forme de transfert mon\u00e9taire, attribu\u00e9 aux femmes peut parfois \u00eatre un facteur aggravant de violence\ndomestique.\n\n\n**La situation nutritionnelle pr\u00e9occupante associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019absence de services de sant\u00e9** et de prise en charge de la malnutrition\naig\u00fce entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences irr\u00e9versibles chez les enfants et compromet leur avenir, voire le d\u00e9c\u00e8s ; sachant que\nseulement 50% des centres de sant\u00e9 ont la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019assurer la prise en charge de la malnutrition. En outre, les femmes\nenceintes et allaitantes ainsi que les enfants de moins de 5 ans peuvent \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des incidents de protection tels que\nle viol, l\u2019enl\u00e8vement ou les blessures/mort par engins explosifs pour celles qui cherchent \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des services de prise en\ncharge de la malnutrition aig\u00fce \u00e9loign\u00e9s de leur localit\u00e9. Face \u00e0 cette situation, une part non n\u00e9gligeable de cette population\nvuln\u00e9rable fait recourt \u00e0 des soins non conventionnels (autom\u00e9dication, m\u00e9dicaments de la rue, Choukou, charlatan\u2026) qui\nentra\u00eenent une alt\u00e9ration de leur \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9, voir le d\u00e9c\u00e8s.\n\n#### RISQUE 3 S\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des enfants et des familles\n\n\nAu Tchad, la s\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des familles, un probl\u00e8me \u00e0 la fois socio-culturel et humanitaire, est exacerb\u00e9e par les crises\nprolong\u00e9es auxquelles le pays fait face. Selon le monitoring de protection P21 de juin 2024, la **s\u00e9paration des familles** est\nsoulign\u00e9e comme un incident de protection par 45% des informateurs cl\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, 93 cas d\u2019enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non\naccompagn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Ces enfants courent un risque accru de subir des pr\u00e9judices physiques et psychologiques,\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement, de trafic, de recrutement ou d\u2019utilisation par des forces ou groupes arm\u00e9s, de s\u00e9vices sexuels, d\u2019exploitation,\net de perte d\u2019identit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive. Il arrive souvent que ces enfants ne se souviennent pas comment ils se sont retrouv\u00e9s dans\ncertaines communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es de monitoring de protection pour la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 octobre 2024 montrent que 34% des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des violences sexuelles, 37 % d\u2019agressions physiques, 15% d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, et 6% de meurtres, mutilation ou\nmariage forc\u00e9. La tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge de 12-17 ans est la plus touch\u00e9e, avec 7% des filles et 3% des gar\u00e7ons concern\u00e9s. Par ailleurs,\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n\nles syst\u00e8mes de gestion des cas et de services sociaux au Tchad restent peu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et ne couvrent qu\u2019une faible partie\ndes cas d\u2019enfants non accompagn\u00e9s et s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leur famille. Cela laisse une grande partie des enfants les plus vuln\u00e9rables\nencore plus expos\u00e9s aux dangers.\n\n\nBien qu\u2019elles constituent un risque permanent dans les crises humanitaires multidimensionnelles au Tchad, la **pr\u00e9vention et**\n**la gestion des s\u00e9parations familiales** ne sont pas suffisamment consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des priorit\u00e9s. Pourtant, ces enjeux\nn\u00e9cessitent la mise en place de m\u00e9canismes adapt\u00e9s pour assurer la prise en charge individuelle des enfants vuln\u00e9rables et de\nleurs familles. Le syst\u00e8me de gestion des cas d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux enfants non accompagn\u00e9s, isol\u00e9s, ou confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des s\u00e9parations\nfamiliales manque de coordination et d\u2019harmonisation, malgr\u00e9 la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me national de gestion des cas par\nle gouvernement en 2023. Cette absence de coh\u00e9rence r\u00e9duit la visibilit\u00e9 de cette probl\u00e9matique essentielle, freine l\u2019allocation\ndes ressources et limite la disponibilit\u00e9 des services de prise en charge.\n\n\nSelon le monitoring de protection (juin 2024), seulement 35% des informateurs d\u00e9clarent connaitre un service m\u00e9dical, 17%\nun service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, 15% un soutien psychosocial, et 9% signalent l\u2019absence totale de services de prise en charge des enfants.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\nLe **droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9** est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement viol\u00e9 et se classe en troisi\u00e8me position des incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s durant\nla p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2024. Un total de 1 074 incidents de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, dont 70%\n\u00e9taient des vols et 29% des cas d\u2019extorsion et de destruction de biens. Un pic d\u2019incidents a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du deuxi\u00e8me\nsemestre, co\u00efncidant avec les p\u00e9riodes de soudure et des inondations. Cette situation est observ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Est, au Lac, et au Sud.\nLa province du Lac est la plus touch\u00e9e, repr\u00e9sentant 49% du total de cas identifi\u00e9s, suivie des provinces de l\u2019Est (27%), du Sud\n(20%) et de l\u2019Ouest (4%).\n\n\nLes effets sur les populations affect\u00e9es sont consid\u00e9rables. Beaucoup d\u2019entre elles, engag\u00e9es dans des activit\u00e9s de\nrenforcement des moyens d\u2019existence, diversifient leurs sources de revenus \u00e0 travers des initiatives telles que l\u2019\u00e9levage\n(ch\u00e8vres, moutons, volailles, b\u0153ufs) et l\u2019agriculture mara\u00eech\u00e8re. Cette diversit\u00e9 d\u2019activit\u00e9s permet aux hommes et aux femmes\nde subvenir aux besoins essentiels de leurs m\u00e9nages.\n\n\nCependant, la r\u00e9currence des **vols de b\u00e9tails, des destructions et des extorsions de biens** fragilise l\u2019\u00e9conomie des foyers,\ncompromettant leurs efforts de r\u00e9silience et rendant les communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9pendantes de l\u2019aide humanitaire. \u00c0 la suite de\nl\u2019analyse de l\u2019\u00e9volution des moyens d\u2019existence disponible \u00e0 travers le Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 de 2024, on note que 10,9% des\nm\u00e9nages ont adopt\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019urgence et 23,1% des strat\u00e9gies de crise pour faire face \u00e0 cette situation.\n\n\nCette situation emp\u00eache \u00e9galement les individus de jouir pleinement de leurs droits fondamentaux, notamment \u00e0 un niveau\nde vie ad\u00e9quat, au bien-\u00eatre, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle et \u00e0 la protection de leurs biens. Elle affecte \u00e9galement la sant\u00e9 mentale,\nexacerb\u00e9e par le stress et l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer ces pertes, dans un contexte o\u00f9 les services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en sant\u00e9 mentale et\nsoutien psychosocial (PSS) sont tr\u00e8s rares, voire inexistants, dans les zones touch\u00e9es par les crises humanitaires.\n\n\nLes vols, incidents les plus fr\u00e9quents li\u00e9s \u00e0 ce risque, conduisent souvent \u00e0 des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires dans un contexte o\u00f9 le\n**syst\u00e8me judiciaire rencontre de s\u00e9rieux obstacles d\u2019acc\u00e8s**, en raison de d\u00e9fis structurels et proc\u00e9duraux. La faiblesse de la\nr\u00e9ponse judiciaire, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour des r\u00e9solutions amiables des conflits, ne garantit pas toujours justice\npour les victimes. Cela fragilise la coh\u00e9sion sociale et augmente le risque de conflits et de tensions intercommunautaires, avec\ndes cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 moyen et long terme.\n\n\nLes provinces du Lac, de l\u2019Est et du Sud affect\u00e9es par la crise humanitaire au Tchad sont marqu\u00e9es par **une faiblesse des**\n**services** **sociaux de base** . Malgr\u00e9 les efforts en cours de l\u2019Etat, de ses partenaires techniques et financiers, ainsi que des acteurs\nhumanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement pour renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations affect\u00e9es aux services, de lacunes subsistent. Selon\nle monitoring de protection P21, 60% des personnes interrog\u00e9es au courant de la p\u00e9riode d\u2019analyse d\u00e9clarent ne pas \u00eatre\ninform\u00e9s des services disponibles, ce qui constitue un obstacle majeur \u00e0 leur acc\u00e8s.\n\n\nCertains d\u00e9nis d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et/ou de services ainsi que des d\u00e9fis d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire r\u00e9sultent souvent de\n**l\u2019inexistence de certains services sociaux de base, de la distance ou l\u2019\u00e9loignement**, **de la peur de repr\u00e9sailles, de la**\n**stigmatisation, ou du manque d\u2019information sur les services existants dans les zones affect\u00e9es** . A cela s\u2019ajoute les op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires et les restrictions de mouvements dans certaines provinces notamment le Lac qui impactent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n\net des humanitaires. La baisse des financements est \u00e9galement un des facteurs contributifs aux difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services\nsociaux de base et/ou \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, les communaut\u00e9s continuent de faire face \u00e0 des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base sur certains axes,\nnotamment du fait de la **pr\u00e9sence et de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019engins explosifs**, ainsi que des risques d\u2019attaques/incursions des GANE\nsur les axes routiers. L\u2019enclavement de certaines localit\u00e9s a aussi exacerb\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services\nsociaux de base et \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire dans la province du Lac, notamment pour les femmes et filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes,\nen particulier dans les zones de Kaya, Fouli, Mamdi, et les d\u00e9partements du Sud et de l\u2019Est.\n\n\nLes services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s de qualit\u00e9, essentiels pour sauver des vies, demeurent insuffisants dans toutes les provinces\nhumanitaires du pays. Les **besoins en mati\u00e8re de services VBG** restent particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupants dans les provinces du\nLac, du Sud et de l\u2019Est. Selon les statistiques du GBVIMS pour le premier semestre 2024, des lacunes importantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrelev\u00e9es dans la disponibilit\u00e9 des services VBG. Ces services sont souvent inad\u00e9quats en termes de comp\u00e9tences de soins,\nd\u2019assistance aux moyens de subsistance et de r\u00e9ponse judiciaire ou juridique. Les donn\u00e9es montrent que certains services,\npourtant sollicit\u00e9s par les survivant(es), sont indisponibles ou non offerts ; notamment les services de sant\u00e9 (14,29%), de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 (11,43%), de soutien aux moyens de subsistance (91,43%), de refuge (38,57%) et d'assistance juridique (2,86%). Des\nefforts sont en cours pour une mise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des centres int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de services multisectoriels (CISM), avec d\u00e9j\u00e0 9 centres mis\nen place dans 4 provinces. Toutefois, les ressources insuffisantes ne permettent pas un d\u00e9ploiement rapide et \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.\nIl est donc urgent de renforcer la qualit\u00e9 et la disponibilit\u00e9 des services multisectoriels de prise en charge des survivants(es)\nde VBG, selon une approche centr\u00e9e sur les survivant(e)s, dans toutes les r\u00e9gions humanitaires.\n\n\n**L\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9** est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des insuffisances en ressources humaines et mat\u00e9riel ainsi qu\u2019en infrastructure\nrespectant les normes et standards de qualit\u00e9. Selon la carte sanitaire 2024, 15% des centres de sant\u00e9 du pays ne sont pas\nfonctionnels privant ainsi pr\u00e8s de 20% de la population de leur droit \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 en particulier en milieu rural et dans les zones\nrecul\u00e9es des centres urbains. Par ailleurs, le rayon moyen de couverture des centres de sant\u00e9 est de 14km obligeant une\ngrande partie de la population \u00e0 parcourir plus 5km pour acc\u00e9der aux services de sant\u00e9 dans un environnement o\u00f9 les\ncontraintes g\u00e9ographiques rendent les d\u00e9placements difficiles avec pour cons\u00e9quences un retard \u00e0 la consultation et une\naugmentation de la morbidit\u00e9 et de la mortalit\u00e9. Pour les 80% des centres de sant\u00e9 fonctionnels, la faible disponibilit\u00e9 du\npersonnel qualifi\u00e9 r\u00e9duit significativement l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des soins de sant\u00e9 de qualit\u00e9 augmentant ainsi les risques de complications\net de mortalit\u00e9. Ces risques sanitaires affectent le capital humain, en particulier des populations vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nLes inondations qui ont touch\u00e9es le Tchad ont affect\u00e9s **l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable, \u00e0 la nourriture et aux infrastructures sanitaires,**\nexacerb\u00e9s par la destruction des infrastructures d\u2019adduction d\u2019eau potable, des installations sanitaires et des r\u00e9coltes. Par\nailleurs, ces inondations ont aggrav\u00e9 l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 de certaines unit\u00e9s nutritionnelles et priv\u00e9 de soins nutritionnels certaines\npopulations vuln\u00e9rables (enfants de moins de 5 ans, femmes enceintes et allaitantes) ; ceci rendant alors plus compliqu\u00e9e\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins nutritionnels et exposant les femmes et les filles \u00e0 des risques accrus de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre. Les\ninondations ont \u00e9galement consid\u00e9rablement impact\u00e9 **l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation** pour des milliers d\u2019enfants. En effet, l\u2019\u00e9valuation\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education Nationale et de la Promotion Civique (MENPC) en septembre 2024 montre que les\ninondations ont gravement affect\u00e9 les infrastructures scolaires dans les 8 acad\u00e9mies du pays (3 043 \u00e9tablissements scolaires\naffect\u00e9s). L\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9cole signifie des risques accrus de protection pour les enfants dans un contexte de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et de\nmenaces li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et aux facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques d\u00e9favorables. Conscient des menaces que repr\u00e9sentent ces\nal\u00e9as, les partenaires du secteur doivent adapter leurs interventions en vue de g\u00e9rer efficacement les impacts de ces\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\n\n\nLes normes de genre, telles que le mariage pr\u00e9coce et les dynamiques limitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes aux ressources de\nproduction, entravent \u00e9galement leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer leur **s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire** . De plus, le syst\u00e8me de castes restreint les\nopportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pour certains groupes, exacerbant ainsi les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s. La comp\u00e9tition pour les ressources,\nnotamment \u00e0 l\u2019est du Tchad, marginalise les communaut\u00e9s ayant un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux instances d\u00e9cisionnelles, et aggravant\nainsi leur exclusion.\n\n\nDans le cadre de l\u2019assistance humanitaire, les **risques d\u2019exclusion des groupes vuln\u00e9rables**, comme les communaut\u00e9s\nmarginalis\u00e9es, sont pr\u00e9occupants. Il existe \u00e9galement des risques de redistribution forc\u00e9e de l\u2019aide alimentaire et\n**d\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuels (SEA)** ainsi que d\u2019extorsion, affectant particuli\u00e8rement les groupes vuln\u00e9rables. Ces d\u00e9fis\nn\u00e9cessitent des approches inclusives et des m\u00e9canismes de protection robustes pour garantir une assistance \u00e9quitable et\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9e.\n\n\nAfin de r\u00e9duire les risques de marginalisation dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et de fournir aux communaut\u00e9s des opportunit\u00e9s\nd\u2019autosuffisance, des structures communautaires inclusives, int\u00e9grant les personnes marginalis\u00e9es, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place par\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n\nles agences de gestion dans environ 20% des sites couverts. Cependant, dans les autres sites, le risque de marginalisation reste\n\u00e9lev\u00e9 en raison d\u2019un suivi irr\u00e9gulier, principalement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 distance.\n\n\nBien que des efforts soient men\u00e9s en collaboration avec le Cluster Protection pour cibler et prioriser les personnes vuln\u00e9rables\nnotamment les femmes et enfants chefs de m\u00e9nage, les enfants non-accompagn\u00e9s ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s, les personnes handicap\u00e9es, er\nles personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assistance en abris et distribution des articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels (AME), le risque de laisser\nd\u2019autres personnes tout aussi vuln\u00e9rables persiste. Cela s\u2019explique par une couverture insuffisante des besoins. L\u2019id\u00e9al serait\nde r\u00e9pondre pleinement aux besoins en abris, estim\u00e9s \u00e0 environ 176 337 m\u00e9nages en 2025, afin de minimiser ce risque.\n\n\nUn autre risque de discrimination/marginalisation concerne les associations mises en place pour la fabrication des briques\ndestin\u00e9es \u00e0 la construction d\u2019abris ou \u00e0 la commercialisation pour renforcer les revenus des m\u00e9nages. Ces associations, qui\noffrent des formations sur les techniques de construction, risquent d\u2019exclure les personnes les plus vuln\u00e9rables, notamment\ncelles en situation de handicap ou sans capacit\u00e9e physique suffisante. A cause du manque de financement pour initier d\u2019autres\nopportunit\u00e9s alternatives, ces personnes se retrouvent souvent laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart.\n\n\nLes femmes et les filles sont souvent les plus touch\u00e9es par les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s d'acc\u00e8s aux services EHA. En raison de leur r\u00f4le\ntraditionnel, elles peuvent \u00eatre stigmatis\u00e9es et confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des pressions sociales suppl\u00e9mentaires. De plus, les personnes\nen situation de handicap et les minorit\u00e9s ethniques subissent \u00e9galement des discriminations syst\u00e9matiques qui limitent leur\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces services.\n\n\nL'acc\u00e8s aux points d'eau expose souvent les femmes et les filles \u00e0 des risques de violence, notamment dans les zones rurales\no\u00f9 les infrastructures sont limit\u00e9es. Ces risques sont similaires pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux infrastructures d\u2019assainissement (latrines ou\ndouches), notamment dans les zones mal \u00e9clair\u00e9es ou la nuit en l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9clairage ad\u00e9quat.\n\n\nDans les zones rurales et les camps ou sites des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les infrastructures EHA sont souvent insuffisantes, ce\nqui limite l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des services de qualit\u00e9. Il faut noter \u00e9galement que l'absence ou une faible participation des communaut\u00e9s\nlocales dont les femmes et les enfants dans la planification et la mise en \u0153uvre des projets EHA peut conduire \u00e0 des solutions\ninadapt\u00e9es et \u00e0 une exclusion accrue.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n|Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 Personnes cibl\u00e9es Personnes assist\u00e9es Taux de r\u00e9alisation|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Protection**|399 289|52 022|13%|\n|**Protection de l'enfant**|229 206|21 893|10%|\n|**Violence bas\u00e9e sur le Genre **|216 387|29 246|14%|\n\n\n\nLa mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une faible remont\u00e9e des informations. Au troisi\u00e8me\ntrimestre, plus de 103 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par les activit\u00e9s planifi\u00e9es dans le cadre du HRP 2024, soit un taux\nde r\u00e9alisation de 27% pour le Cluster et ses deux AoRs. Il convient de noter que toutes les zones humanitaires ne sont pas\ncouvertes par les acteurs et les gaps entrainent une faiblesse dans la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Le Cluster Protection si\u00e8ge et\ncontribue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement aux r\u00e9unions de coordination civilo-militaire et pr\u00e9sente les tendances en termes de risque de\nprotection pour renforcer le plaidoyer et soutenir les initiatives \u00e0 base communautaire pour limiter l\u2019impact d\u2019une assistance\ninexistante dans certaines zones. De m\u00eame qu\u2019il exploite les donn\u00e9es issues du monitoring de protection, du GBV-IMS et du\nm\u00e9canisme de redevabilit\u00e9 pour analyser en profondeur les tendances des contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s. Ces analyses permettent de\nformuler des messages cl\u00e9s destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019EHP, afin de guider ses d\u00e9cisions et ses actions de plaidoyer.\n\n\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire repr\u00e9sente le d\u00e9fi majeur pour la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans la province du Lac ; suite \u00e0 des missions et\nrapports d\u2019acteurs intervenant dans les sous-pr\u00e9fectures de **Tchoukoutalia, Ngouboua, de Kaiga Kindjiria, de Bol rurale, de**\n**Kangalam** (OCHA). Plusieurs obstacles majeurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s, notamment l\u2019enclavement de certaines localit\u00e9s, la pr\u00e9sence\nd\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s, les incursions et les actes de banditisme et de criminalit\u00e9 sur les axes routiers, pistes ou\nroutes. Ces facteurs limitent consid\u00e9rablement les mouvements de populations et compromettent leur r\u00e9silience. A cela\ns\u2019ajoute, les effets de la crise s\u00e9curitaire marqu\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme des GANE surtout dans la province Lac qui\nont conduit les autorit\u00e9s provinciales \u00e0 instaurer des interdictions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des communaut\u00e9s et des humanitaires\ndans les zones insulaires du Lac. Cette situation a r\u00e9duit l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations aux services sociaux de base, a entrain\u00e9 une\n\u00e9rosion de leurs ressources socio-\u00e9conomiques ; rendant critique une situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 inqui\u00e9tante.\n\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nL\u2019accroissement des besoins oblige le Cluster Protection \u00e0 \u00eatre en mesure d\u2019apporter\nune r\u00e9ponse plus efficace et cibl\u00e9e. Cette r\u00e9ponse demeure insuffisante du fait de la\nraret\u00e9 de financement. On note les besoins urgents de protection ainsi que de\nnourriture, d\u2019eau, d\u2019assainissement et d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, d\u2019abris, d\u2019articles m\u00e9nagers, et de\nsant\u00e9 pour environ 146 000 retourn\u00e9es nouvellement arriv\u00e9s du Soudan. Les\nprincipaux manques concernent notamment la couverture des services m\u00e9dicaux,\npsychosociaux et l\u00e9gaux, ainsi que l\u2019absence d\u2019espaces s\u00fbrs pour les femmes et les\nfilles, notamment \u00e0 un niveau d\u00e9concentr\u00e9 et de proximit\u00e9. Ces services essentiels de\nprotection, souvent inaccessibles, pourraient \u00eatre plus efficacement fournis s\u2019ils\n\u00e9taient disponibles directement dans les sites et camps. Le faible taux de r\u00e9alisation\nobserv\u00e9 est \u00e9galement cons\u00e9cutif au sous-rapportage des interventions des diff\u00e9rents\nacteurs, malgr\u00e9 les initiatives de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s, men\u00e9es par le Cluster\nProtection.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- Renforcer la protection des civils dans la Province du Lac, en particulier celle des femmes et enfants en mettant l\u2019accent\nsur le respect du droit international et national en vigueur, le renforcement des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alertes pr\u00e9coces et\nd\u2019accompagnement des survivants des enl\u00e8vements.\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER PROTECTION ET A TOUTE LA COMMUNAUTE HUMANITAIRE**\n\n- D\u2019ici mars 2025, renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de 100 \u00e9l\u00e9ments des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 tchadiennes sur la protection\ndes civils dans les provinces du Lac, du Sud et de l\u2019Est.\n\n\n- D\u2019ici juin 2025, organiser des s\u00e9ances de formation sur la protection communautaire pour 25 comit\u00e9s de vigilance dans\nles provinces du Lac afin d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques d\u2019attaques contre les civils.\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n- Porter une attention particuli\u00e8re pour les interventions de protection y compris la protection de l\u2019enfance et VBG, dont\nl\u2019impact et la port\u00e9e sont exasp\u00e9r\u00e9es par les inondations.\n\n- Donner la priorit\u00e9 aux zones les plus \u00e0 risque tel que la province du Lac, du Ouaddai, Sila, Wadi Fira, du Mayo Kebbi Est et\ndu Moyen Chari en raison des inondations, des risques de VBG, de l'augmentation rapide de la s\u00e9paration des familles qui\nont des r\u00e9percussions n\u00e9gatives sur le bien-\u00eatre physique, \u00e9motionnel et socio-\u00e9conomique des populations les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables.\n#### RISQUE 2 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le Genre\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- Poursuivre le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00c9tat pour renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit des survivants de VBG et favoriser l\u2019application des\nde la loi et textes applicables (code p\u00e9nal Loi N\u00b0001/PR/2017, Loi N\u00b0006/PR/2002 portant promotion de la sant\u00e9 de\nreproduction, Loi N\u00b029/PR/2015 portant ratification de l\u2019Ordonnance N\u00b006/PR/2015 portant interdiction du mariage\nd\u2019enfants).\n\n\n- Assurer la mise en place d\u2019un pool d\u2019agents sociaux du minist\u00e8re de la Femme et de la Protection de la Petite Enfance\npour la r\u00e9ponse VBG/EAS dans les provinces.\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- Soutenir l\u2019approche localisation par un renforcement des capacit\u00e9s structurelles et institutionnelles des organisations\nlocales, des organisations dirig\u00e9es par des femmes et des organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pour une appropriation des\ninterventions de pr\u00e9vention, de mitigation de risque et r\u00e9ponse VBG.\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n\n- Mettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle les One Stop Center /Centres Int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de Services Multisectoriels (CISM) pour combler les lacunes en\nmati\u00e8re de prestation de services VBG au niveau provincial et offrir un service holistique de proximit\u00e9.\n\n\n- Soutenir l\u2019approche localisation et renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des prestataires de services psychosociaux, m\u00e9dicaux, juridiques\net judiciaires et la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration socio\u00e9conomique.\n\n\n**COORDINATION INTER CLUSTER**\n\n\n- Promouvoir l\u2019int\u00e9gration des interventions de pr\u00e9vention, de mitigation de risque et de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la VBG dans les groupes\nsectoriels avec \u00e9laboration d\u2019un plan d\u2019action conjoint prenant en compte au moins une action clef par trimestre.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n#### RISQUE 3 S\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des enfants et des familles\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- Promouvoir la vulgarisation et la diffusion des outils harmonis\u00e9s de gestion des cas aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019ensemble des intervenants\nde protection de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\n**AUX BAILLEURS ET AUTRES ACTEURS PERTINENTS**\n\n\n- Soutenir la promotion de m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9ponse rapide et flexible face aux chocs donnant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux enfants\ndirectement affect\u00e9s, \u00e0 des services de \u2019life-saving\u2019 tels que la gestion des cas, la prise en charge psychosociale, la\nv\u00e9rification et la documentation des violations graves des droits de l'enfant.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- D\u00e9limiter et s\u00e9curiser les zones de p\u00e2turage et les couloirs de transhumances (Est/Sud) pour pr\u00e9venir le vol de b\u00e9tails et\nles risques de conflits agropastoraux.\n\n\n- Renforcer les services et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide judiciaire des personnes, notamment aux personnes les plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER PROTECTION**\n\n- Poursuivre le plaidoyer sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide judiciaire et les sensibilisations des communaut\u00e9s afin qu\u2019elles \u00e9vitent les zones\nexcentr\u00e9es.\n\n\n**AUX AUTORITES GOUVERNEMENTALES**\n\n\n- Accroitre l\u2019investissement dans les ressources humaines qualifi\u00e9s et disponibles en particulier dans les zones affect\u00e9es par\ndes urgences humanitaires.\n\n\n- Concevoir des approches innovantes pour am\u00e9liorer la disponibilit\u00e9 des services tels que le renforcement de l\u2019approche\ncommunautaire et d\u2019auto-soin promu par l\u2019OMS.\n\n\n- Renforcer la disponibilit\u00e9 des m\u00e9dicaments, mat\u00e9riels et produits m\u00e9dicaux ainsi que les infrastructures en sant\u00e9.\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER WASH**\n\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les installations WASH soient situ\u00e9es dans des endroits s\u00fbrs et accessibles, \u00e0 distance de marche, des\nroutes et avec un \u00e9clairage ad\u00e9quat.\n\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les distributions pr\u00e9vues soient programm\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 permettre aux enfants et aux femmes qui vont\nchercher de l'eau de rentrer chez eux avant la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit.\n\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que les installations WASH soient con\u00e7ues en tenant compte de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des enfants, notamment en ce qui\nconcerne la taille des toilettes, et en construisant des murs et des cl\u00f4tures autour des sources d'eau ouvertes, des\nr\u00e9servoirs ou des puits.\n\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que la taille et le poids des r\u00e9cipients d'eau ne pr\u00e9sentent pas de risque pour les enfants, mais aussi minimiser\nl'attente que les enfants participent \u00e0 la collecte de l'eau et \u00e9viter de distribuer des r\u00e9cipients \"sp\u00e9ciaux\" pour les enfants.\n\n\n- Promouvoir l'inclusion et l'\u00e9quit\u00e9 dans tous les programmes EHA, en veillant \u00e0 ce que les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des groupes\nvuln\u00e9rables soient pris en compte.\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER EDUCATION**\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | D\u00e9cembre 2024\n\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des partenaires dans la pr\u00e9paration aux r\u00e9ponses et les sensibiliser \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration syst\u00e9matique\nd\u2019un axe de r\u00e9ponse aux effets des changements climatiques dans tous les projets sectoriels.\n\n\n- Faire le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Etat pour l\u2019int\u00e9grer des risques climatiques dans les strat\u00e9gies et priorit\u00e9s du secteur de\nl\u2019Education afin de le rendre plus r\u00e9silient aux effets des changements climatiques.\n\n\n**AU CLUSTER CCCM**\n\n\n- Renforcer la gestion mobile des sites par les formations des leaders communautaires pour les doter des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019autogestion \u00e0 l\u2019absence des agences de gestion des sites.\n\n\n- Faire le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs pour augmenter le financement du secteur \u00ab coordination et gestion des sites \u00bb afin\nde pouvoir appuyer le plus grand nombre des sites et structures communautaires dans les sites.\n\n\n**AVEC LE CLUSTER ABRIS/AME**\n\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer le syst\u00e8me de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement pour la diversification des\nactivit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus adapt\u00e9es accessibles aux personnes plus vuln\u00e9rables (marginalis\u00e9es et discrimin\u00e9es).\n\n\n- Sensibiliser les acteurs \u00e0 augmenter les taux d\u2019assistance pour les activit\u00e9s visant la r\u00e9silience et l\u2019autonomisation afin de\nr\u00e9duire le nombre de personnes d\u00e9pendantes de l\u2019aide humanitaire.\n\n\n**AVEC LE CLUSTER NUTRITION**\n\n\n- Int\u00e9grer des th\u00e8mes de protection transversale dans les modules de formation de la prise en charge de la malnutrition\naig\u00fce et d\u00e9signer un point focal pour renforcer la protection transversale au sein du Cluster Nutrition.\n\n\n- Former les agents de sant\u00e9 et les acteurs communautaires aux th\u00e9matiques suivants : promotion d\u2019un traitement digne,\n\u00e9quitable et sans discrimination des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ; l\u2019information sur le but du programme, la dur\u00e9e, l\u2019emplacement, les\nhoraires, et les services disponibles ; la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre, y compris le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas et les audits de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9, la Protection contre l\u2019Exploitation et les Abus sexuels/Harc\u00e8lement Sexuel (PSEA-SH), l\u2019inclusion du handicap,\nl\u2019approche communautaire de protection, le soutien psychosocial pour l\u2019accompagnement des parents ayant des enfants\nmalnutris.\n\n\n- Evaluer les barri\u00e8res de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire que les femmes et les jeunes filles surmontent \u00e0 l\u2019heure d\u2019y utiliser les services\nde nutrition, soit des centres nutritionnelles, unit\u00e9s mobiles ou distributions \u00e0 travers des audits de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n_Note de fin m\u00e9thodologie et limite_\n_Dashboard de monitoring mensuel de protection (Projet 21)_\n_GBVIMS Trimestre 1,2024_\n_GBVIMS Trimestre 2, 2024_\n_Cartographie des services VBG \u2013 Mai 2024_\n_Strat\u00e9gie nationale VBG r\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2024_\n_Cadre harmonis\u00e9 \u2013 Mars 2024_\n_Note de protection sur les inondations \u2013 Aout 2024_\n_La politique Nationale genre - 2017_\n_Les r\u00e9solutions 1325 et connexes du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies_\n_Loi portant protection et assistance des PDI_\n_Loi N\u00b0001/PR/2017 portant Code p\u00e9nal Viol ou tentative de viol (art. 349 et s.), Exploitation sexuelle, trafic de personne (art.329 et 330). Activit\u00e9s sexuelles_\n_d\u00e9gradantes (inceste), art. 353. Relation sexuelles ou attouchement de nature sexuelle sur un enfant (art.359 et 360). Mariage d\u2019enfants (art.368). 38 et_\n_Mutilation g\u00e9nitale f\u00e9minine/Excision (art.318)_\n_Loi 006/PR 2002 portant promotion de la sante de la reproduction_\n_l\u2019Ordonnance N\u00b0 06/PR/2015 portant interdiction du mariage d\u2019enfants L\u00e9gislation environnementale : La loi n\u00ba 014/PR/98 d\u00e9finit les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de_\n_la protection de l\u2019environnement, incluant la protection du patrimoine historique et culturel, du sol et du sous-sol, de la faune et de la flore, et des zones_\n_humides3._\n\n\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : **H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Solange BILOUNGA KAMGANG** - **[bilounga@unhcr.org; Muriel](mailto:bilounga@unhcr.org)**\n\n**KOBENA** - **[kobena@unfpa.org; Motoyam NANITOM](mailto:kobena@unfpa.org)** - **[mnanitom@unicef.org](mailto:mnanitom@unicef.org)** ; **Armand N\u2019DRI** - **[ndri@unhcr.org](mailto:ndri@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/256781ce-14ad-4c97-a39c-49301384ea1d/pau25_protection_analysis_update_chad_january_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_847/raw/doc_847_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_847/raw/doc_847_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1193124b3592f1f45507cbc5edef6488672a546e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_847/raw/doc_847_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,363 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COLOMBIA**\n## **Protection Analysis|NORTE DE SANTANDER**\n#### Protection risk analysis in the Catatumbo Sub-Region\n\n###### **APRIL 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n##### **_EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_**\n\n\nThe massive, forced displacement in the Catatumbo sub-region of\nNorte de Santander, which began on January 16, 2025 represents the\nmost severe humanitarian crisis in Colombia in recent years [i], not only\ndue to the differential impact on the affected population, but also\nbecause of the challenges involved in enabling the state to regain\nterritorial control an ensure comprehensive protection of the\npopulation.\n\n\nCatatumbo\u00b4s geographical location on the border with Venezuela,\nand its connection with the central and northern regions in the\ncountry, makes it a key corridor for illegal economies, which has\nintensified the territorial dispute between non-state armed groups\n(NSAGs). The sub-region continues to be affected by armed conflict\nand violence, severely affecting the civilian population.\n\n\nSince January 16, 2025, confrontations between the ELN and FARC EP\ndissidents (Estado Mayor de Bloques y Frentes \u2013 EMBF, Frente 33)\nhave provoked an escalation of violence that has resulted in the\nforced displacement of more than 62.000 [ii] people and the\nconfinement and/or restriction to mobility of around 27.000.\nAccording to the DANE population projection 2025, at least 170.396\npeople reside in the eleven municipalities of Catatumbo, which would\nimply that around 37% of the population of Catatumbo has been\ndisplaced and 16% is confined or with restricted mobility.\n\n\nPeasant communities, the Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed [iii] and Yukpa Indigenous people, signatories of the Peace Agreement, refugees and migrants,\nand human rights defenders are particularly affected. Given to the magnitude of the crisis, the Colombian government declared a\nState of Internal Disturbance in the Catatumbo sub-region, which allows it to issue legislative decrees in order to respond to the\ncauses of the disturbance to public order and prevent the extension of its effects. In coordination with local authorities, they have\nprovided immediate and emergency humanitarian aid in receiving municipalities such as Tib\u00fa, Oca\u00f1a and C\u00facuta. Access restrictions,\ninsecurity and the magnitude of the emergency have overwhelmed institutional capacity, affecting the response in rural and urban\nareas. Despite coordination efforts and support, humanitarian needs remain critical.\n\n\nBased on this context, the protection risks that require immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents.**\n**2.** **Attacks on persons and civilian objects protected by IHL.**\n**3.** **Gender-based violence.**\n**4.** **Impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement.**\n**5.** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance.**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n - Activation of municipal and departmental Transitional Justice Committees [iv] as scenarios for the articulation of the public policy\nof integral attention to victims.\n\n - Activation of complementary and subsidiary responses from the Governor's Office of the department of Norte de Santander\nand the Nation, articulated through the corresponding prevention and contingency plans (without discrimination based on the\nnationality of the victims).\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n##### **CONTEXT**\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY DISPLACED**\n\n**PERSONS**\n\n\n\n**PERSONS IN**\n**CONFINEMENT /**\n**RESTRICTED MOBILITY**\n\n\n\n**INDIGENOUS**\n\n**PEOPLES**\n**AFFECTED**\n\n\n\n**REFUGEE AND**\n\n**MIGRANT**\n**POPULATION**\n\n**AFFECTED**\n\n\n\n**HOMICIDES**\n\n\n### **62.447 [v] 27.668 [vi] 3.500 [vii] 4.737 [viii] 86 [ix]**\n\n\n\n**Mass**\n**displacement**\n\n\n\n**Individual**\n**displacement**\n\n\n\n**Confinement** **Restricted**\n\n**mobility**\n\n\n\n**Peace**\n**signatories**\n\n\n\n**Social**\n**leaders**\n\n\n\n**Minors**\n\n\n\nThe department of Norte de Santander continues to be one of the departments most affected by the internal armed conflict and\nviolence. The confrontation between Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for territorial control, coupled with clashes with the security\nforces, especially in the Catatumbo sub-region, has generated constant risks of human rights violations for the civilian population,\nexposing them to serious protection risks. The strategic importance of Catatumbo lies in its connection between the interior of the\ncountry and its border relationship with Venezuela, a transit axis functional to the strengthening of illegal economies such as drug\ntrafficking and smuggling, enhanced by the limited state presence. In addition, the region has been historically disputed for its natural\nresources (oil, coal, coltan, among others), which has intensified tensions over regional development models and increased\nconfrontation between different non-state armed actors for their control. According to UNODC [x], Catatumbo continues to be the\nenclave with the largest extension of coca leaf cultivation in Colombia, representing 30% of the total number of enclaves and 12% of\nthe total at a national level.\n\n\nThe dynamics of territorial control exercised by non-state armed actors, the intensification of disputes over strategic routes, the\nchallenges in the implementation of the 2016 Peace Agreement, the difficulties in the progress of illicit crop substitution programs,\nthe stalemate in negotiations with the ELN and the persistent gaps in the institutional response, have configured a risk scenario\nwarned by the Ombudsman's Office at the end of the previous year. Early Alert N\u00b0 021-24 of August 15, 2024; Early Alert N\u00b0 0262024 of November 15, 2024, which highlighted an imminent humanitarian emergency and a highly complex risk scenario:\n\n\n- Reactivation of ELN hostilities after the breakdown of the bilateral ceasefire, which has led to attacks in several municipalities in\nCatatumbo.\n\n- Reconfiguration and strengthening of the Popular Liberation Army (EPL), which has generated a confrontation with the ELN,\ndirectly affecting the civilian population and community leaders, especially in rural areas.\n\n- Expansion of FARC dissidents (Frente 33), who seek to consolidate their presence in Catatumbo and extend their influence into\nmunicipalities in Santander and southern Cesar.\n\n- Escalation of violence resulting from disputes between armed groups, which has exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the\nregion, with a high cost in terms of human lives and civilian population.\n\n- Restrictions on humanitarian access, which limits the provision of basic services and the strengthening of the social network,\nincreasing the vulnerability of communities.\n\n\nThe risk scenario was described by the Ombudsman's Office and was complemented with the warnings from the GTP (Subnational\nProtection Cluster Team) in September 2024. In that order, since January 16, 2025, violent clashes began between the ELN and FARC\nEP dissidents, in which at least 90,000 people living in the area have been reportedly affected, resulting in the confinement of\n27,668*, and the forced displacement (massive and individual) of 62,447*, the latter, mainly to the cities of C\u00facuta (25,133), Tib\u00fa\n(13,541) and Oca\u00f1a (12,302). Likewise, there are reports of affectations to the indigenous people of the Catalaura and Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed\nReservations in the municipality of Tib\u00fa (3,500), population that signed the peace agreement, as well as the refugee and migrant\npopulation (4,737), who have had greater difficulties in accessing rights, services, attention, orientation, assistance and integral\nreparation in the current context.\n\n\nThis emergency has generated at least 86 homicides, of which 4 correspond to minors, 7 signatories of the Peace Agreement and 3\nsocial leaders [xi] . Access limitations due to geographic and security issues have prevented the presence of humanitarian actors,\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\nlimiting the response to protection mechanisms for the affected population. In terms of security, access has been affected by the\npresence and fighting between non-state armed actors, but also by the existence of anti-personnel mines (APM).\n\n\nWithin the framework of the humanitarian emergency that has been presented since January 16, 2025, selective and multiple\nhomicides, extortions, kidnappings, forced displacements, installation of antipersonnel mines and improvised explosive devices,\ndrone attacks, confinements, disappearances, land dispossession, recruitment, use and utilization of adolescent children, restrictions\non mobility, threats against human rights defenders, sexual violence against women, direct threats to the LGBTIQ+ population, among\nothers, have been identified.\n\n\nThis massive displacement reveals a strategy of territorial emptying, which according to current figures and population projections\naffects about 37% of the dispersed rural population located in populated centers of the Catatumbo sub-region. In this scenario,\npossible repopulation and the risk of land dispossession arise, making it urgent to activate protection measures for abandoned lands\nthat generate conditions for the return and avoid the repatriation of the victims of forced internal displacement.\n\n\nThis humanitarian emergency is a consequence of a prolonged absence of the state that has been taken advantage of by non-state\narmed groups to exert control over the population, its territory, and its dynamics. This situation violates the effective enjoyment of\nrights of the communities of Catatumbo, evidences the pressure that the communities have had to face in recent years, even under\nsilence, and warns of the urgency to generate transformations in the governance of the region. At the same time, it shows the\ntransformation of the Colombian armed conflict by presenting as the main cause (not the only one) the dispute between non-state\narmed actors for territorial control, different from what was some time ago the confrontation between non-state armed actors and\nthe Armed Forces. This scenario reveals an interest of non-state armed actors to control the territory based on violence without the\nneed to dispute regional or national power, which increases the risks of human rights and IHL violations in the region.\n\n\nThis humanitarian emergency is a consequence of a prolonged absence of the State that has been taken advantage of by non-state\narmed groups (NSAGs) to exert control over the population, its territory, and its dynamics. This situation violates the effective\nenjoyment of rights of the communities of Catatumbo, evidences the pressure that the communities have had to face in recent years,\neven under silence, and warns of the urgency to generate transformations in the governance of the region. At the same time, it shows\nthe transformation of the Colombian armed conflict by presenting as the main cause (not the only one) the dispute between nonstate armed actors for territorial control, different from what was some time ago with the confrontation between non-state armed\nactors and the Armed Forces. This scenario reveals an interest of non-state armed actors to control the territory based on violence\nwithout the need to dispute regional or national power, which increases the risks of human rights and International Humanitarian\nLaw violations in the region.\n\n##### **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n###### RISK 1 Recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents\n\n\nIn the context of the current humanitarian crisis in the Catatumbo sub-region, children and adolescents face great protection risks\ndue to massive displacement, confinement and/or restriction to mobility, which prevents them from accessing fundamental rights\nsuch as education, health, or protective spaces. This situation exposes them to a high risk of recruitment, use and utilization due to\nthe presence and confrontation of non-state armed actors, who have used recruitment strategies linked to economic offers, promises\nto cover basic needs and security, construction of military imagery and use of social networks to persuade them to join.\n\n\nDuring 2024, according to the Children's Delegate of the Ombudsman's Office, attention was provided to 28 cases of recruitment, of\nwhich 14 presented threats and another 14 were recruited and/or linked to an armed group. According to the report presented by\nCOALICO, there were 23 events categorized in Resolution 1612 that affected 288 children and adolescents in Norte de Santander in\nthe context of the armed conflict. In the midst of the humanitarian emergency generated in Catatumbo since January 16, 2025, the\nColombian Institute of Family Welfare -ICBF- has attended 43 adolescents disengaged from armed groups, exceeding in two months\nthe records of attention compared to the previous year [xii] .\n\n\nIn Catatumbo, non-state armed actors have consolidated their territorial, political, social, and economic control, exercising authority\nin these areas by implementing rules of coexistence, controlling the economy, and carrying out public works. In addition, they seek\nto legitimize their actions through donations of school and sports equipment. The existence of four \u201cResocialization Centers\u201d in the\nCatatumbo sub-region operated by the non-state armed actors was alerted, they were presented to the community as rehabilitation\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\nspaces for the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) and punishment for non-compliance with \u201crules of coexistence\u201d, which\nare mainly focused on children, adolescents and youths, and represent a modality of involvement in the armed conflict and a serious\nviolation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), with cruel treatment, forced labor, gender-based violence and use to participate\nin armed actions in Venezuelan territory.\n\n\nGiven this scenario, and as warned by the Public Prosecutor's Office, families from rural areas have been forcibly displaced to urban\nenvironments due to threats of recruitment by non-state armed actors [xiii] . Likewise, adolescents with imminent protection risks have\nbeen displaced to shelters without their caregivers or family members, resulting in family separation and mental health impacts\nrelated to anguish, stress, and uncertainty [xiv] .\n\n###### RISK 2 Attacks on persons and civilian objects protected by IHL.\n\n\nAttacks against the civilian population in the Catatumbo sub-region have increased in severity and frequency as a result of the\nconfrontation between the ELN, FARC dissidents and other non-state armed actors. Since January 2025, multiple incidents have been\ndocumented, including selective homicides, massacres, extortions, attacks on civilian property, and systematic threats against\ncommunity leaders and human rights defenders.\n\n\nAlong this year, 86 homicides have been recorded, of which 4 have been of minors. 3 social leaders and 7 signatories of the Peace\nAgreement [xv] . Furthermore, there has been an increase in direct attacks against vulnerable populations, such as peasants, Indigenous\npeoples, and displaced communities, as well as humanitarian workers and journalists documenting the crisis. These attacks have led\nto forced displacement, widespread fear, and increased restrictions on mobility in the region.\n\n\nThe destruction of civilian property is another strategy used by non-state armed actors to consolidate their territorial control. Attacks\non homes, schools and health centers have been reported, further limiting access to basic services, and aggravating the humanitarian\ncrisis. In addition, the use of explosive devices on rural roads and populated areas has impeded humanitarian access and put the\ncivilian population at serious risk.\n\n\nThreats and aggressions against social leaders and human rights defenders have been particularly alarming. Cases of persecution,\nintimidation and forced displacement of these key actors have been documented in municipalities such as Tib\u00fa, Oca\u00f1a and El Tarra.\nThe lack of effective state protection mechanisms has exacerbated this situation, leaving these communities in a state of\ndefenselessness.\n\n\nGiven the magnitude of the crisis, it is urgent to strengthen prevention and protection measures for the civilian population,\nguaranteeing the presence of institutions and compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL) by all armed actors. Moreover,\ncoordinated action between the State, cooperation agencies and civil society is also required to reduce violence and guarantee the\nsecurity of affected communities.\n\n\nTo mitigate the risks of attacks, a committee has been established, comprising representatives from the ombudsperson's office, the\nchurch, and the United Nations verification mission, with the aim of accessing communities that have been unable to receive\nhumanitarian assistance. Communities are returning to their lands without any security guarantees, which has generated issues\nrelated to coexistence. The ombudsperson's offices have maintained communication with community leaders, attempting to\nguarantee access to the community through them. However, changes in leadership have made this strategy less effective.\n\n###### RISK 3 Gender-based violence\n\n\nAccording to the Delegate for Women's Rights and Gender Affairs of the Ombudsman's Office [xvi], between September 2022 and May\n2024 there was a 92% increase in cases of gender-based violence (GBV) in the department of Norte de Santander, and 72% in the\nmetropolitan area of C\u00facuta. In 2024, the department registered 3.657 cases of GBV, with a rate of 213,93 per 100.000 inhabitants)\n\nxvii, very close to the national average (262.3). This violence includes physical, sexual, and psychological violence, affecting mainly\nwomen, girls and people with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity (OSIGD), especially in rural, Indigenous, and migrant\ncommunities in highly vulnerable situations.\n\n\nVictims of the internal armed conflict and violence, as well as refugees and migrants, face multiple structural barriers to access justice,\nhealth and protection services, which generates processes of institutional re-victimization. Some of these barriers include the limited\nor non-existent presence of the State in some areas of Catatumbo, stigmatization, insecurity, limited supply of basic services, lack of\ninfrastructure, xenophobia, poverty and social exclusion, among others.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\nThe organizations of the Gender Subsector of the GIFMM/ELC have evidenced persistent difficulties in the effective activation of\nprotection routes for victims and survivors. Significant gaps have been identified in the response of institutions such as the Family\nPolice Stations and the Prosecutor's Office, with a lack of knowledge of regulations and competencies, especially with regard to the\nmigrant population in an irregular situation.\n\n\nIn this regard, 4.443 cases have been documented of refugees and migrants displaced from Catatumbo who have been victims of\nmultiple forms of violence and affectations, many of them excluded from integral attention by public officials. This systematic\nexclusion prevents access to reparation processes and seriously violates their rights in the current context of humanitarian\nemergency.\n\n\nGirls and adolescents are particularly exposed to the risk of family separation, trafficking for sexual exploitation and other forms of\nGBV. According to GIFMM (2024) [ xviii], 68% of the households surveyed in Norte de Santander are headed by refugee or migrant\nwomen, many with children and adolescents under their care. This feminization of households increases their exposure to risks, due\nto the lack of access to basic services such as decent housing, food, drinking water and hygiene products.\n\n\nThere are persistent barriers to the full exercise of sexual and reproductive rights, including access to the Voluntary Interruption of\nPregnancy (VTP), mainly due to operational limitations in the hospital network. These restrictions aggravate the risks of femicide, the\nreturn of survivors to their aggressors or prolonged exposure to unsafe environments.\n\n\nLikewise, the LGBTIQ+ population has been the target of direct threats by Non-State Armed Groups in Catatumbo. Some women\nleaders have reported that these actors have declared this population a \u201cmilitary objective,\u201d demanding their expulsion from the\nterritory. These threats have led to forced displacement and have revealed underreporting in censuses and characterization\nprocesses, which limits the institutional response and the guarantee of their rights.\n\n\nNorte de Santander department has a limited capacity to offer integral attention to victims and survivors of GBV. The complementary\nresponse of international cooperation has been key to fill gaps through psychosocial accompaniment, access to safe spaces and\nhumanitarian assistance (in kind and in cash), which are fundamental to mitigate risks and prevent new violence.\n\n\nThe Colombian Feminicide Observatory reported 90 femicides in the department in 2024, of which seven correspond to Venezuelan\nwomen [xix] . This figure represents an increase of more than 300% compared to previous years. It is urgent to strengthen training and\nsensitization processes for public officials to ensure attention without discrimination or prejudice, especially towards refugee,\nmigrant and displaced women.\n\n\nWorryingly, there has been a significant increase in sexual violence against girls and adolescents in municipalities in the Catatumbo\nsub-region such as Sardinata (100%), \u00c1brego (72%), El Tarra (76%) and Tib\u00fa (40%) [xx] . Cases of sexual violence have also been\ndocumented in protection routes, such as the La Don Juana sector. Between January and October 2024, humanitarian organizations\nreported 1,225 cases of sexual violence, mainly against women refugees and migrants in transit to the interior of the country. In\nmunicipalities such as Oca\u00f1a, El Tarra, Teorama and Convenci\u00f3n, GBV rates exceed the national average.\n\n\nThe risks associated with GBV include sexual violence in temporary shelters, lack of clear information on care routes, lack of family\nor community support networks, and precarious economic conditions that lead to negative coping mechanisms such as begging,\nhomelessness or survival sex. Likewise, cases of trafficking for sexual and labor exploitation, uncertainty about the continuity of\nhousing and food support, lack of access to justice and lack of effective actions against perpetrators, including NSAGs, have also been\nidentified.\n\n\nFinally, the gaps in the institutional response and the lack of trust in the State are being exploited by illegal armed groups that use\nyoung women and single mothers for their recruitment and utilization. Through promises of economic aid, protection, or food, they\npromote their involvement in illicit activities and even use them as informants, reinforcing gender stereotypes that further expose\nthem to violence and exploitation.\n\n\nBetween December 1, 2024, and January 31, 2025, the Ombudsman's Office documented 49 cases of sexual violence in the context\nof the armed conflict, of which 32 correspond to Venezuelan women. In February 2025, an additional of 50 cases were identified. All\nof these cases are directly related to the massive displacements and the upsurge of violence in the Catatumbo region.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\nForced displacement in Catatumbo has reached critical levels due to the intensification of clashes between the ELN and FARC\ndissidents (Estado Mayor de Bloques y Frentes - EMBF, Frente 33) since January 16, 2025. More than 62.447 people have been\ndisplaced and close to 27.668 are confined, especially affecting peasant communities, Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed Indigenous people, signatories of\nthe Peace Agreement, LGBTIQ+ population, human rights defenders, and refugee and migrant populations.\n\n\nThe imposition of coercive norms by non-state armed actors has generated a generalized atmosphere of fear, impeding access to\nfundamental rights, and increasing the humanitarian crisis. In the Catatumbo region, forced internal displacement was carried out\nindividually or drop by drop as a strategy to make the communities invisible in the face of pressure from the non-state armed actor;\nit was even evident that there were prohibitions in the region against mass displacement. The magnitude of the emergency allowed\npeople to flee to protect their lives after the violent pressure expressed through threats, restrictions to mobility, homicides of\nprotected persons, presence of anti-personnel mines and explosive devices and countless situations linked to the territorial control\nexercised by one or another non-state armed actor.\n\n\nThe magnitude of displacement exceeds the capacities of receiving municipalities such as C\u00facuta, Tib\u00fa and Oca\u00f1a, where shelters\nare overflowing, and displaced families face barriers in access to housing, food, health, and education. Furthermore, the risk of land\ndispossession has been identified, making return difficult and increasing the possibility of prolonged displacement.\n\n\n**Restrictions to Mobility and Confinement**\n\n\nNon-state armed actors have imposed restrictions on mobility and have confined entire communities as strategies for territorial and\nsocial control. Resolution 171 of 2016 of the Victims Unit, defines confinement as a situation of violation of fundamental rights, in\nwhich communities, despite remaining in a part of their territory, lose mobility, as a consequence of the presence and actions of\nillegal armed groups. This restriction implies the impossibility of accessing goods essential for survival, as a result of the military,\neconomic, political, cultural, and social control exercised by illegal armed groups in the context of the internal armed conflict [xxi] .\nCurrently, 27,000 people, including peasant communities, Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed Indigenous people, signatories of the Peace Agreement,\nhuman rights defenders, and refugee and migrant populations, remain confined due to the emergency.\n\n\nThese restrictions have limited access to essential services and increased a generalized climate of fear, especially affecting the rural\nareas of Catatumbo. Risk perception is high: 51% of households surveyed by DRC during the fourth quarter of 2024 identified mobility\nrestrictions as a risk factor in their environment [xxii] . Attacks against the civilian population, the use of explosive devices, armed\nconfrontations and fighting between NSAGs and the security forces have aggravated the situation, restricting movement, and the\nsupply of essential goods.\n\n\nAccess to basic goods and services has been severely affected, with reports of food shortages, lack of medical care and school\nclosures. In addition, restrictions on mobility have prevented humanitarian activities in certain areas. In sectors such as the road\nbetween Tib\u00fa and El Tarra, non-state armed actors have established rules of coexistence with reprisals for those who do not comply,\nwhile in Tib\u00fa they have imposed economic restrictions on merchants and transporters, demanding illegal payments to operate. The\nimposition of coercive norms by the NSAGs has generated a generalized atmosphere of fear. 100% of the families surveyed by DRC\nduring the fourth quarter of 2024 reported psychosocial effects and 81% mentioned economic impacts. These dynamics have\nreinforced the confinement of entire communities, limiting their ability to subsist, and increasing their vulnerability.\n\n\n**Forced Displacement**\n\n\nForced displacement in Catatumbo has reached alarming levels as a direct consequence of the intensification of fighting between\nnon-state armed actors since January 16, 2025. In that month alone, more than 52,000 people were forced to flee their homes,\nmainly in rural areas of the department of Norte de Santander. Throughout 2024, increased threats against social, community and\nLGBTIQ+ leaders also drove new waves of displacement. The absence of effective protection measures by the State has left these\npeople in a highly vulnerable situation, forcing them to flee without guarantees or an adequate institutional response.\n\n\nAttacks on civilians and massive forced displacement in Tib\u00fa have led to the separation of families. Many of them send children and\nadolescents out of the territory for the fear of recruitment, while some members remain in their communities to protect their\nlivelihoods or to avoid the occupation of their land by the NSAGs. In addition, displaced persons in Tib\u00fa have reported a serious\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\npsychosocial impact, with symptoms of anxiety, stress, and insomnia, exacerbated by re-victimization and precarious conditions in\nthe shelters.\n\n\nThe massive arrival of displaced persons in the urban center of Tib\u00fa has generated a humanitarian crisis characterized by barriers in\naccess to essential rights and services. The presence of non-state armed actors has limited the access of humanitarian institutions\nand organizations to several villages where humanitarian activities were previously carried out, making it difficult to provide essential\nassistance and monitor the situation. The lack of information on care routes and procedures, and the lack of institutional presence\nhave made it difficult to register victims in the RUV, hindering their official recognition. The situation is even more critical for displaced\npersons of Venezuelan nationality, who face administrative barriers and prevalence that ignore the impact of the armed conflict on\nthe refugee and migrant population and the State's duty to protect them. In this regard, the Attorney General's Office [xxiii], through its\ndirective 002 of January 2025, has requested the Public Prosecutor's Office to guarantee the rights and orientation/advice to the\nrefugee and migrant population, victims of the internal armed conflict, regardless of their migratory situation.\n\n\nAdditionally, returns without guarantees continue to occur due to the lack of adequate humanitarian response, protection risks in\nshelters, fear of land appropriation by non-state armed actors and insecurity in the region. Cases have been reported of families who\nreturned to rural areas without guarantees and, after returning, were forced to move again due to armed clashes. At the same time,\nit is necessary to consider forced displacement and repopulation as a strategy of non-state armed actors as a clue to the interests in\nthe region and in which issues related to the protection of abandoned lands are central. This situation creates problems for\ncoexistence between communities upon their return. The Ombudsman's Offices try to establish contact with community leaders to\nunderstand the situation and help the international community gain access to the area. However, the leaders have changed\nsignificantly, and maintaining contact is not always possible.\n\n###### RISK 5 Presence of mines and other explosive ordnance\n\n\nNorte de Santander is the fourth department with the highest number of victims of Antipersonnel Landmines (APM), Unexploded\nOrdnance (UXO), and other Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) in Colombia, reaching a record of 971 people, according to figures\nfrom the Action Group Against Antipersonnel Mines of the Peace Commissioner's Office [xxiv] . This represents 8% of the number of\nvictims nationwide, with the municipalities most affected being Teorama (189), Tib\u00fa (180), Hacar\u00ed (122), El Tarra (99) and Convenci\u00f3n\n(91). Since the beginning of the emergency on January 16, 2025, there have been 13 events with APM/UXO/IEDs, of which 4 have\nbeen done with drones. The intensification of clashes between NSAGs and the fight for territorial control has prolonged the practice\nof installing explosive devices and minefields as a strategy to contain the enemy, marking invisible borders to protect or safeguard\ncontrol areas, roads, camps, and illicit crops.\n\n\nThe recent humanitarian crisis in Catatumbo, which to date has left more than 62,000 displaced and close to 27,000 people confined,\naccording to the Attorney General's Office, has increased the communities' risk of suffering accidents due to explosive devices, given\nthat it has become known that the bridle paths for possible returns are mined, and there have been complaints by the community\nof the occupation of their homes by members of the NSAGs. This has increased the population' uncertainty about returning to their\nterritories and has even multiplied the lack of knowledge of safe routes for children and young people to attend educational\ninstitutions. The installation and presence of explosive devices limits mobility, access to education, health, land use, basic natural\nresources such as water, infrastructure, and agricultural activities, among others.\n\n\nThese facts have increased the fear of the inhabitants to transit through areas that were previously considered safe, limiting\nhumanitarian access, psychologically impacting the population due to the loss of their livelihoods and the anxiety generated by not\nbeing able to return to their territory due to the prolongation of the conflict, added to the lack of answers regarding their situation.\n\n\nIn the Catatumbo sub-region, it has not been possible to carry out humanitarian demining activities due to the difficulties of access\nand the deteriorated security conditions in the area, so the return of displaced persons is not an action that is contemplated in the\nshort term. The high risk of accidents due to the explosive devices that have been installed in the region increases the possibility of\ninjury, dismemberment and even death. The call from the communities and local authorities is to strengthen the activities in\nAntipersonnel Mine Risk Education, to promote safe behaviors in the communities and reduce the risk of suffering accidents by\nAPM/UXO/IEDs.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n##### **RESPONSE**\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nAt the end of 2024, 16 organizations have provided ordinary\nresponse in the department of Norte de Santander, reaching a total\nof 35.082 people, of which 34% are women, 18% men, 24% girls\nand 24% boys. Protection activities have covered 25 of the 40\nmunicipalities in the department, concentrating in C\u00facuta, Tib\u00fa, El\nTarra and Oca\u00f1a, where 63% of the activities are implemented and\n68% of the people have been reached. The added value of\nProtection actions is associated with interventions that generated\nrecurring support for at-risk communities.\n\n\nRegarding the distribution of activities, 43% of the response of the\nProtection Cluster partners is focused on complementary response\nactivities to the State's efforts to provide protection against the\nviolation of rights. The 32% corresponds to prevention and\nprotection actions in the face of risks faced by individuals and\ncommunities. The remaining 25% are activities that contribute to\nthe achievement of lasting and sustainable solutions in the context\nof armed conflict and climate change as processes associated with\nthe regularization of human settlements.\n\n\nGeneral protection activities represent 66% of the actions\nimplemented in the department. These mainly include the\nprovision of information, guidance, and legal assistance for access\nto reparation of victims of forced displacement, as well as the\ndelivery of complementary emergency assistance to help victims\nand/or survivors to access institutional routes and/or to promote\nthe complementarity of state action in the area of protection. Child protection represents 18% of the response in the department,\nmostly through programs for the prevention of recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents. The 9% of the\nresponse is implemented in mine action through campaigns and workshops on mine risk education. Regarding the response to\ngender-based violence, in 2024, case management services were provided to GBV survivors and workshops on early identification\nand mitigation of GBV risks.\n\n\nDuring 2024, the Protection Thematic Group (GTP) in Norte de Santander met biweekly to follow up on the context and monitoring\nof protection risks, as well as to socialize and coordinate protection actions to be implemented in the territory. At the same time,\nand within the framework of joint missions to the sub-region, they warned of the risk of massive displacement and the need to\nupdate the contingency plans in the region. Regarding to the articulation with state institutions, the GTP advocated with the\nrelevant territorial entities, according to the protection risks identified; in the same line, the Areas of Responsibility of Child\nProtection and Gender-Based Violence supported in capacity building to territorial entities for risk identification.\n\n\nIn response to the humanitarian crisis in the Catatumbo subregion this year, 14 protection organizations have implemented 9,553\nassistance activities. The main protection activities implemented during the emergency have focused on: i. Reception and\nemergency; ii. Registration and transition; and iii. Creating conditions for return that comply with principles. Both the ELC/GIFMM\nand the GTP/SLP have served as forums for analyzing risk identification and identifying appropriate advocacy schemes for local,\nregional, and national institutional coordination. The GTP has led group information sessions for access to routes for victims of\ndisplacement and confinement, supported the taking of statements and censuses to facilitate inclusion in the single registry of\nvictims, supported the reception and profiling of the displaced population for the delivery of immediate humanitarian assistance,\nprovided psychosocial support and socio-emotional strengthening for children and adolescents, and provided gender-based\nviolence prevention activities, including the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (SPEA). Technical assistance has also\nbeen provided to the Governor\u00b4s office of Norte de Santander and mayoral offices to qualify transitional justice committees and\nsubcommittees for prevention, protection, and guarantees of non-repetition as part of the activation of contingency plans, as\nsuitable scenarios for emergency response.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nTo face these complex protection challenges affecting the population of Norte de Santander, and specifically the Catatumbo\nsubregion, urgent measures are needed to address both the structural causes of conflict and violence, as well as immediate\nvulnerabilities. Therefore, it is urgent to apply international humanitarian law, promote public policy coordination schemes to\naddress forced displacement, and recognize the differential impact of the conflict on populations with special constitutional\nprotection.\n\n###### RISK 1 Recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents\n\n\n**TO THE NATIONAL, DEPARTMENTAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Implement public policy guidelines for the prevention of recruitment, use, and exploitation by strengthening municipal\nimmediate action teams (EAIs). Also, consolidate the Departmental Roundtable for the Prevention of Recruitment, Use,\nUtilization, and Engagement (RUUV), seeking to develop action plans, define institutional pathways, and increase coordination\namong institutional actors to prevent and respond to cases of recruitment, use, and exploitation of children and adolescents, as\nwell as sexual violence.\n\n- Provide access and referral mechanisms for physical health care, mental health care, and psychosocial support in a coordinated\nmanner between the health and protection systems.\n\n\n**TO THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Implement mental health and psychosocial support actions at community and family levels to strengthen coping capacities and\npromote the emotional well-being of children and adolescents with a differential approach by age, gender, and ethnicity.\n\n- Technical support to the strengthening of the protection system for the care of children, adolescents and families affected by\ndisplacement and confinement and provide technical support for the implementation of the guidelines of the Public Policy for\nthe Prevention of Recruitment, Utilization and Sexual Violence in high-risk municipalities.\n\n- Strengthen the reporting of serious human rights violations in the context of the armed conflict to the Monitoring and Reporting\nMechanism under Resolution 1612 to make visible and document the humanitarian situation faced by children and adolescents.\n\n###### RISK 2 Attacks on persons and civilian objects protected by IHL\n\n\n**TO THE NATIONAL, DEPARTMENTAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Investigate, punish, and prevent attacks against the civilian population and civilian property, guaranteeing access to justice,\navoiding impunity, and recognizing the differential nature of these crimes in the context of the armed conflict.\n\n- Strengthen state response mechanisms in affected rural areas, ensuring the effective presence of civilian institutions and intersectoral coordination for the attention of communities exposed to attacks and displacement.\n\n\n**TO THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Strengthen the monitoring and reporting of violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL): Implement more robust\nmechanisms for documenting attacks against the civilian population, coordinating efforts with human rights organizations and\nthe media to make violations visible and help to prevent impunity.\n\n- Deploy protection strategies for humanitarian presence: Prioritize rural communities with high conflict intensity through the\npresence of humanitarian actors and the promotion of humanitarian corridors that facilitate both the delivery of aid and the\nsafe evacuation of populations at risk.\n\n- Strengthen local self-protection capacities and early warning systems: Accompany communities in the identification of risks and\nthe implementation of damage reduction strategies, including the creation of community protection networks in alliance with\nlocal leaders, Indigenous peoples, and social organizations.\n\n- Provide integral attention to victims of armed attacks: Guarantee access to specialized psychological assistance for survivors,\nfamily members and affected communities, as well as facilitate effective routes for denunciation, legal representation, and\ncomprehensive reparation.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\n- Technically accompany advocacy processes for the protection of essential civilian assets, ensuring that humanitarian actors\ninclude these issues in the humanitarian dialogue and institutional coordination frameworks.\n\n\n**TO THE STATE, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND CIVIL SOCIETY**\n\n\n- Technically accompany advocacy processes for the protection of essential civilian assets, ensuring that humanitarian actors\ninclude these issues in the humanitarian dialogue and institutional coordination frameworks.\n\n- Consolidate inter-institutional and inter-sectoral coordination mechanisms for the protection of civilian population, facilitating\ncomprehensive responses that address both immediate attention and long-term prevention of attacks and their impacts.\n\n- Design and implement differential protection actions for specific groups, including women, children, the elderly, persons with\ndisabilities, LGBTIQ+ persons, ethnic peoples, signatories of the Peace Agreement, and refugee and migrant populations, whose\nconditions of vulnerability are aggravated in contexts of direct violence.\n\n- Strengthening the articulation between community protection mechanisms and institutional systems, promoting the generation\nof early warning networks, safe evacuation routes, accompaniment of leaders and communication with local institutions.\n\n- Promote community dialogue spaces for the identification of risks, needs and protection priorities, allowing for a more\ncontextualized, participatory, and sensitive response to the differentiated impacts of attacks.\n\n- Promote community recovery processes after the attacks, including support for reconstruction of housing and basic\ninfrastructure, restoration of livelihoods, collective psychosocial repair and strengthening of the social network.\n\n###### RISK 3 Gender-based violence\n\n\n**TO THE NATIONAL, DEPARTMENTAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Review, update, and strengthen public policies for prevention, attention, and response to gender-based violence, with a\nterritorial, differential and rights-based approach, prioritizing high-risk rural and urban areas. It is recommended to define a\nsingle care route, clear and disseminated, under the leadership of the competent authorities.\n\n- Guarantee effective protection measures for women social leaders and human rights defenders, through comprehensive\nroutes that include the accompaniment of the Ombudsman's Office, activation of the National Protection Unit (UNP),\nhumanitarian transport and economic support for protection, recognizing the specific risks they face in the emergency context.\n\n- Design and implement specific actions for LGBTIQ+ people, ensuring differentiated access to institutional protection routes,\nprevention of violence motivated by prejudice and safe access to humanitarian services without discrimination. These\nmeasures must be included in risk analysis and response programs.\n\n\n**TO THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Provide technical support to local authorities in the design of gender-sensitive food and nutrition responses, including specific\nrequirements for women and children.\n\n- Impulse ongoing training to humanitarian and health system actors on prevention routes, GBV care protocols, self-care for\nhumanitarian personnel, and comprehensive mental health and psychosocial support for survivors.\n\n- Strengthen access to international protection routes for refugee and migrant women, in coordination with specialized actors,\nand support prevention mechanisms against human trafficking and human smuggling for sexual exploitation.\n\n- Provide technical support to the competent authorities in the prevention, mitigation, and response to GBV, including the\noperational and strategic strengthening of the GBV Coordinating Committee in the territories.\n\n\n**TO THE STATE, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND CIVIL SOCIETY**\n\n\n- Actively involve women and girls in the planning, implementation and monitoring of humanitarian and protection programs,\nensuring that their voices, needs, and concerns are integrated from the design to the implementation of responses.\n\n- Mitigate the specific risks of GBV towards adolescent women and youth, ensuring the effective activation of protection routes\nin cases of sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, and human trafficking.\n\n- Strengthen inter-sectoral articulation spaces for comprehensive responses to GBV, promoting effective coordination between\nthe health, education, shelter, protection, food security and livelihood sectors.\n\n- Promote community processes for GBV awareness and prevention, with an intersectional approach on, gender, age, and\ndiversity, involving actively women leaders, young women, OSIGD population and community-based organizations.\n\n- Facilitate joint training spaces for public officials, humanitarian actors and community leaders, prioritizing content on\ninternational protection standards, GBV care routes and available institutional mechanisms.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\n**TO THE NATIONAL, DEPARTMENTAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Promote inter-institutional coordination through the scenarios of the public policy for integral attention to victims. In that sense,\nTerritorial Transitional Justice Committees (CTJTs), assistance and attention subcommittees, prevention, protection, and reestablishment as suitable scenarios to activate complementarity, subsidiarity and concurrence schemes foreseen in the\nnormative framework.\n\n- Update the municipal and departmental Contingency Plans, ensuring the active participation of all competent Secretariats and\nDirectorates.\n\n- Guarantee immediate humanitarian assistance, including food and necessities, while the registration is being formalized by the\nVictims Unit (UARIV), without discrimination based on nationality.\n\n- Strengthen the modalities of temporary housing, proposing safe and sustainable alternatives such as leasing through monetary\ntransfers, avoiding saturation and risks associated with shelters.\n\n- Ensure the timely inclusion in the Single Registry of Victims (RUV) of all victims affected by this event, including refugees,\nmigrants, and signatories of the Peace Agreement.\n\n- Ensure coordination between national and local governments, strengthening institutional presence and intersectoral response.\n\n- Promote land protection and urban regularization, in coordination with the National Planning Department (DNP) and the\nMinistry of Housing, for return, relocation or local integration processes under conditions of security, dignity and voluntariness.\n\n\n**TO THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Coordinate efforts for land protection and prevention of dispossession, in coordination with territorial authorities and restitution\nprograms, especially in scenarios of return, relocation or local integration.\n\n- Promote articulation between the national and local levels of the State, ensuring a coordinated and sustainable response in\naccordance with the realities of each territory.\n\n- Provide complementary response to immediate assistance, especially in areas where institutional capacity is overwhelmed.\n\n- Provide technical support to the registration, census and mass declaration processes, in coordination with ARIV and the CTJTs.\n\n- Strengthen the offer of differentiated services in mental health, psychosocial support, legal assistance, and protection for\nvulnerable groups (children, women, LGBTIQ+ people, Indigenous people, people with disabilities, etc).\n\n###### RISK 5 Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance\n\n\n**TO THE STATE**\n\n\n- It is necessary to strengthen the presence of the State and civil authorities in the most affected territories, through the effective\nprovision of essential programs and services that guarantee the population's access to the right to health, education, work, and\nother fundamental rights.\n\n- Develop Mine Risk Education (MRE) strategies adapted to rural and urban communities affected by confinement and forced\ndisplacement.\n\n\n**TO THE CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE HUMANITARIAN SECTOR**\n\n\n- Strengthen local and institutional response capacities by training first response teams, community leaders, teachers and\nhumanitarian actors in risk identification, victim care routes and emergency protocols for APM/UXO/IEDs accidents.\n\n- Develop sustained MRE actions through face-to-face sessions, printed materials, radio messages, SMS messages and\neducational workshops adapted to rural and urban contexts.\n\n- Strengthen community self-protection mechanisms. Identify risk areas with communities and design community maps of safe\nroutes. Promote safe practices and early warning systems for suspected explosive devices.\n\n- Improve access to emergency medical attention, physical rehabilitation, psychosocial support, and legal accompaniment for\ndirect and indirect victims.\n\n- Strengthen the link with actors in the Mine Action Sector (MCA) to prioritize emergency interventions, carry out non-technical\nstudies, and advance in demining tasks when conditions permit.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Department of Norte de Santander** | April 2025\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\n\n[i Ombudsman's Office (2025): Data on forced human mobility dynamics in Colombia during 2024.](https://x.com/MarnIris/status/1882803798818619821)\n[ii ELC, GIFMM y EHP, Dashboard - Emergency Situation Catatumbo, Colombia.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYjE3MzE2MWMtOGQ2Ny00Y2RiLTllNzEtYWIwYTUxNGY3ZjU1IiwidCI6IjNlOTQyYWU0LWNkOTMtNGQzNy1)\niii Historical Memory Center, We are Bar\u00ed: Ancestral Sons of Catatumbo.\n[iv Guide For The Formation And Operation Of Territorial Transitional Justice Committees.](https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/INEC/IGUB/Guia-comites-territoriales-justicia-transicional.pdf)\nv Ibid.\nvi Ibid.\n[vii OCHA, Colombia (2025), Situation Report No. 02: Humanitarian needs due to massive displacement and mobility restrictions in Catatumbo (Norte de](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-reporte-de-situacion-no-02-necesidades-humanitarias-por-desplazamiento-masivo-y-restricciones-la-movilidad-en-catatumbo-norte-de-santander?_gl=1*10u96yb*_ga*NDIwMjM2MTgyLjE3MjM0NzIyMDc.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTc0MTg3NjEwOS40NC4xLjE3NDE4Nzc0NjcuNTUuMC4w)\n[Santander)](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-reporte-de-situacion-no-02-necesidades-humanitarias-por-desplazamiento-masivo-y-restricciones-la-movilidad-en-catatumbo-norte-de-santander?_gl=1*10u96yb*_ga*NDIwMjM2MTgyLjE3MjM0NzIyMDc.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTc0MTg3NjEwOS40NC4xLjE3NDE4Nzc0NjcuNTUuMC4w)\nviii Ibid.\nix [Governorate of Norte de Santander, PMU Balance Catatumbo, Bulletin N\u00b053 of 17/03/2025.](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\n[x UNODC, Monitoring Report on Territories affected by Coca Cultivation 2022.](https://www.unodc.org/documents/colombia/2023/septiembre-9/INFORME_MONITOREO_DE_TERRITORIOS_CON_PRESENCIA_DE_CULTIVOS_DE_COCA_2022.pdf)\n[xi Governorate of Norte de Santander, PMU Balance Catatumbo, Bulletin N\u00b053 of 17/03/2025.](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\nxiiColombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF) (2025), ICBF demands armed groups to stop recruitment of children in Catatumbo.\nxiii Ombudsman's Office (2023) EARLY ALERT No. 009-2023 .\n[xiv Danish Refugee Council (2025), Protection Monitoring Snapshot: Humanitarian Impacts and Protection Risks Arising from the Massive Forced Displacement](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-snapshot-de-monitoreo-de-proteccion-impacto-humanitario-y-riesgos-de-proteccion-derivados-de-la-crisis-por-desplazamiento-forzado-masivo-en-tibu-norte-de-santander-enero-2025-protection-monitoring-snapshot-january-2025-ensp)\n[Crisis in Tib\u00fa, Norte de Santander.](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-snapshot-de-monitoreo-de-proteccion-impacto-humanitario-y-riesgos-de-proteccion-derivados-de-la-crisis-por-desplazamiento-forzado-masivo-en-tibu-norte-de-santander-enero-2025-protection-monitoring-snapshot-january-2025-ensp)\n[xv Governorate of Norte de Santander, PMU Balance Catatumbo, Bulletin N\u00b053 of 17/03/2025.](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\n[xvi Ombudsman's Office, 2023 Accountability Report, Women's Rights and Gender Affairs Representative: Achievements and Challenges.](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/documents/20123/2805260/Tema+11+mujeres+y+g%C3%A9nero+-+rc.pdf/0ba06094-eab5-36d5-a62b-2bdef0a0968f?t=1717169880283)\nxvii SIVIGE. Cases of gender-based violence reported to the Public Health Surveillance System. Cut-off date: 31.10.2024. National Observatory on Genderbased Violence.\n[xviii GIFMM (2025). Results of the Joint Needs Assessment for the Permanency-Based Population. Norte de Santander.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gifmm-colombia-resultados-evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-para-poblacion-con-22)\nxix Colombian Observatory of Feminicides.\nxx National Observatory of Gender-based Violence, The national rate for 2024 is 262.3 per 100,000 inhabitants.\nxxi UARIV, Resolution 0171 of February 24, 2016, by which confinement is defined as a victimizing event in the framework of Law 1448 of 2011, issued by the\nVictims Unit.\nxxii Ibid.\nxxiii Office of the Attorney General of Colombia, Directive 002 of January 14, 2025.\nxxiv Integral Action Against Antipersonnel Mines Viewer (2025). National Report on APM/UXO/IEDs Victims, available at: AICMA Viewer.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nIn September 2024, the Protection Thematic Group (GTP) of Norte de Santander and the Protection Cluster, in\ncollaboration with the Areas of Responsibility (AoR) of Gender-Based Violence, Child Protection, and Mine Action,\norganized a mission to the Catatumbo sub-region. The objective was to update the regional context and identify the main\nprotection risks in the area. This mission identified the imminent risk of forced internal displacement and the confinement\nof rural communities. However, at the beginning of 2025, a humanitarian emergency occurred that required a coordinated\nresponse from the Local Coordination Team of Norte de Santander (ELC) for immediate humanitarian aid and institutional\ncoordination. This protection analysis document is based on quantitative and qualitative data from inter-sectoral\nassessments, rapid protection assessments, and reports prepared by partners from the subnational and national teams of\nthe Protection Cluster/Sector and the corresponding Areas of Responsibility.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on forced human mobility dynamics", - "confidence": 0.9426531195640564, - "start": 27, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Ombudsman's Office", - "confidence": 0.9955236911773682, - "start": 19, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.9341945052146912, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8621713519096375, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.980600893497467, - 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} - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/267a9abe-b9df-405c-a439-5685ae7e3c89/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_848/raw/doc_848_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_848/raw/doc_848_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3c5b09fe803096d1ffb22f174d25ac4bd39800f0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_848/raw/doc_848_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COLOMBIA**\n## **An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n|NORTE DE SANTANDER**\n#### An\u00e1lisis de los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n en la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo\n\n###### **ABRIL DE 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril 2025\n\n##### **_RESUMEN EJECUTIVO_**\n\n\nEl desplazamiento forzado masivo en la subregi\u00f3n del\nCatatumbo, Norte de Santander, ocurrido desde el 16 de\nenero de 2025 representa la mayor crisis humanitaria de\nlos \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en Colombia [i] no s\u00f3lo por el impacto\ndiferencial en las personas afectadas, sino por los desaf\u00edos\npara que el Estado retome el control territorial y se genera\nla protecci\u00f3n integral de la poblaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica del Catatumbo en la frontera con\nVenezuela y la conexi\u00f3n con el centro \u2013 norte del pa\u00eds lo\nconvierte en un corredor clave para las econom\u00edas ilegales,\nlo que ha intensificado la disputa territorial entre grupos\narmados no estatales (GANE). La sub- regi\u00f3n contin\u00faa\nsiendo afectada por el conflicto armado y la violencia,\nafectando gravemente a la poblaci\u00f3n civil.\n\n\nDesde el 16 de enero de 2025, los enfrentamientos entre\nel ELN y las disidencias de las FARC EP (Estado Mayor de\nBloques y Frentes - EMBF, Frente 33) han provocado una\nescalada de violencia que ha resultado en el\ndesplazamiento forzado de m\u00e1s de 62.000 [ii] personas y el\nconfinamiento y/o restricci\u00f3n a la movilidad de cerca de\n27.000. Seg\u00fan la proyecci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n DANE 2025, en\nlos once municipios del Catatumbo residen al menos\n170.396 personas, lo que implicar\u00eda que cerca del 37% de\nla poblaci\u00f3n del Catatumbo ha sido desplazada y el 16% se\nencuentra confinada o con movilidad restringida.\n\n\nLas comunidades campesinas, el pueblo ind\u00edgena Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed [iii] y Yukpa, firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz, personas refugiadas y\nmigrantes, y personas defensoras de derechos humanos se ven especialmente afectados. Ante la magnitud de la crisis, el gobierno\ncolombiano declar\u00f3 el Estado de **Conmoci\u00f3n Interior en la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo**, lo que le permite emitir decretos legislativos\nbuscando responder a las causas de la perturbaci\u00f3n del orden p\u00fablico y evitar la extensi\u00f3n de sus efectos. En coordinaci\u00f3n con las\nautoridades locales, han prestado ayuda humanitaria inmediata y de emergencia en municipios receptores como Tib\u00fa, Oca\u00f1a y\nC\u00facuta. Las restricciones de acceso, la inseguridad y la magnitud de la emergencia han desbordado la capacidad institucional,\nafectando la respuesta en zonas rurales y urbanas. A pesar de los esfuerzos de coordinaci\u00f3n y apoyo, las necesidades humanitarias\nsiguen siendo cr\u00edticas.\n\n\nCon base en este contexto, los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n que requieren atenci\u00f3n inmediata en el periodo cubierto por este an\u00e1lisis son:\n\n\n**1.** **Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes.**\n**2.** **Ataques a personas y bienes protegidos por el DIH.**\n**3.** **Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.**\n**4.** **Impedimento o restricci\u00f3n il\u00edcita a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, confinamiento y desplazamiento forzado.**\n**5.** **Presencia de minas antipersonal y otros artefactos explosivos.**\n\n\n**MEDIDAS URGENTES NECESARIAS**\n\n\n- Activaci\u00f3n de Comit\u00e9s de Justicia Transicional municipales y departamentales [iv] como escenarios para la articulaci\u00f3n de la\npol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n integral a v\u00edctimas.\n\n- Activaci\u00f3n de respuestas complementarias y subsidiarias de la Gobernaci\u00f3n del departamento de Norte de Santander y la\nNaci\u00f3n articuladas a trav\u00e9s de los planes de prevenci\u00f3n y contingencia correspondientes (sin discriminaci\u00f3n en raz\u00f3n de la\nnacionalidad de las v\u00edctimas).\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n##### **CONTEXTO**\n\n\n\n**PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS**\n\n**INTERNAS**\n\n\n\n**PERSONAS**\n**CONFINADAS / CON**\n\n**RESTRICCI\u00d3N A LA**\n\n**MOVILIDAD**\n\n\n\n**PERSONAS DE**\n\n**PUEBLOS**\n**IND\u00cdGENAS**\n**AFECTADAS**\n\n\n\n**POBLACI\u00d3N**\n**REFUGIADA Y**\n\n**MIGRANTE**\n\n**AFECTADA**\n\n\n\n**HOMICIDIOS**\n\n\n### **62.447 [v] 27.668 [vi] 3.500 [vii] 4.737 [viii] 86 [ix]**\n\n\n\n**Desplazamiento**\n\n**masivo**\n\n\n\n**Desplazamiento**\n\n**Confinamiento**\n**individual**\n\n\n\n**Restricci\u00f3n**\n\n**a la**\n**movilidad**\n\n\n\n**Firmantes**\n\n**de paz**\n\n\n\n**L\u00edderes**\n**sociales**\n\n\n\n**Menores**\n\n**de edad**\n\n\n\nLa regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo tiene una importancia estrat\u00e9gica que radica en su conexi\u00f3n entre el interior del pa\u00eds y su frontera con\nVenezuela, un eje de tr\u00e1nsito funcional al fortalecimiento de econom\u00edas ilegales como el narcotr\u00e1fico y el contrabando, potenciado\npor la limitada presencia estatal. Adem\u00e1s, la regi\u00f3n ha sido hist\u00f3ricamente disputada por sus recursos naturales (petr\u00f3leo, carb\u00f3n,\ncolt\u00e1n, entre otros), lo que ha intensificado las tensiones por modelos de desarrollo regional y aumentado la confrontaci\u00f3n entre\ndistintos actores armados no estatales por su control. Seg\u00fan UNODC [x], el Catatumbo sigue siendo el enclave con la mayor extensi\u00f3n\nde cultivos de hoja de coca en Colombia, representando el 30% del total de enclaves y el 12% del total nacional.\n\n\nLas din\u00e1micas de control territorial ejercidas por los actores armados no estatales, la intensificaci\u00f3n de las disputas por rutas\nestrat\u00e9gicas, los retos en la implementaci\u00f3n del Acuerdo de Paz de 2016, las dificultades en el avance de los programas de sustituci\u00f3n\nde cultivos de uso il\u00edcito, el estancamiento en las negociaciones con el ELN y los persistentes vac\u00edos en la respuesta institucional, han\nconfigurado un escenario de riesgo advertido por la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo al finalizar el a\u00f1o anterior. **Alerta temprana N\u00b0 021-24 del**\n**15 de agosto de 2024;** **Alerta temprana N\u00b0 026-2024 del 15 de noviembre de 2024, en las cuales se destacaba una inminente**\n**emergencia humanitaria y un escenario de riesgo de alta complejidad:**\n\n\n- Reactivaci\u00f3n de hostilidades del ELN tras la ruptura del cese al fuego bilateral, lo que ha derivado en ataques a diversos\nmunicipios del Catatumbo.\n\n- Reconfiguraci\u00f3n y fortalecimiento del Ej\u00e9rcito Popular de Liberaci\u00f3n (EPL), lo que ha generado una confrontaci\u00f3n con el ELN,\nafectando directamente a la poblaci\u00f3n civil y a liderazgos comunitarios, especialmente en zonas rurales.\n\n- Expansi\u00f3n de disidencias de las FARC (Frente 33), que buscan consolidar su presencia en Catatumbo y extenderse hacia\nmunicipios de Santander y el sur del Cesar.\n\n- Escalada de la violencia derivada de disputas entre grupos armados, que ha agudizado la crisis humanitaria en la regi\u00f3n, con un\nalto costo en t\u00e9rminos de vidas humanas y afectaciones a la poblaci\u00f3n civil.\n\n- Restricciones al acceso humanitario, lo que limita la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios b\u00e1sicos y el fortalecimiento del tejido social,\nincrementando la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades.\n\n\nDescrito el escenario de riesgo por parte de la Defensoria del Pueblo y complementado por las advertencias del mismo GTP (Equipo\nsubnacional del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n) en septiembre de 2024. En ese orden, desde el pasado 16 de enero de 2025, iniciaron violentos\nenfrentamientos entre el ELN y las disidencias de las FARC EP, en las que se ha reportado la afectaci\u00f3n de al menos 90.000 personas\nque habitan la zona, resultando en el confinamiento de 27.668*, y en el desplazamiento forzado (masivo e individual) de 62.447*,\nesto \u00faltimo, principalmente hacia las ciudades de C\u00facuta (25.133), Tib\u00fa (13.541) y Oca\u00f1a (12.302). As\u00ed mismo, se reportan\nafectaciones al pueblo ind\u00edgena de los Resguardos Catalaura y Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed en el municipio de Tib\u00fa (3.500), poblaci\u00f3n firmante del\nacuerdo de paz, as\u00ed como a poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante (4.737), la cuales presentan mayores dificultades para acceder a derechos,\nservicios, atenci\u00f3n, orientaci\u00f3n, asistencia y reparaci\u00f3n integral en el contexto actual.\n\n\nEsta emergencia ha generado al menos 86 homicidios, de los cuales 4 corresponden a menores de edad, 7 firmantes del Acuerdo de\nPaz y 3 l\u00edderes sociales [xi] . Las limitaciones de acceso por temas geogr\u00e1ficos, pero tambi\u00e9n de seguridad, han impedido la presencia de\nactores humanitarios, limitando la respuesta a mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n a la poblaci\u00f3n afectada. En cuanto a seguridad, el acceso\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\nse ha visto afectado por la presencia y combates entre los actores armados no estatales, pero tambi\u00e9n por la existencia de minas\nantipersonal (MAP).\n\n\nEn el marco de la emergencia humanitaria que se presenta desde el 16 de enero de 2025, se identifican homicidios selectivos y de\nconfiguraci\u00f3n m\u00faltiple, extorsiones, secuestros, desplazamientos forzados, instalaci\u00f3n de minas antipersonal y artefactos explosivos\nimprovisados, ataques con drones, confinamientos, desapariciones, despojos de tierras, reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os\nNi\u00f1as Adolescentes, restricciones a la movilidad, amenazas contra personas defensoras de DDHH, eventos de violencia sexual contra\nlas mujeres, amenazas directas a la poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+, entre otras.\n\n\nEste desplazamiento masivo advierte una estrategia de vaciamiento territorial, que de acuerdo con las cifras actuales y las\nproyecciones poblacionales afecta a cerca del 37% de la poblaci\u00f3n rural dispersa y ubicada en centros poblados de la subregi\u00f3n del\nCatatumbo. En este escenario, se plantean posibles repoblamientos y el riesgo de despojo de tierras, con lo cual resulta urgente la\nactivaci\u00f3n de medidas de protecci\u00f3n de tierras abandonadas que generen condiciones para el retorno y eviten la\ndespatrimonializaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas del desplazamiento forzado interno.\n\n\nEsta emergencia humanitaria es consecuencia de una prolongada ausencia estatal que ha sido aprovechada por lo grupos armados\nno estatales para ejercer control sobre la poblaci\u00f3n, su territorio y sus din\u00e1micas. Esta situaci\u00f3n vulnera el goce efectivo de derechos\nde las comunidades del Catatumbo, evidencia la presi\u00f3n que las comunidades han tenido que enfrentar en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, inclusive\nbajo el silencio y advierte la urgencia por generar transformaciones en la gobernabilidad de la regi\u00f3n. Al tiempo, evidencia la\ntransformaci\u00f3n del conflicto armado colombiano al presentar como principal causa (no \u00fanica) la disputa entre actores armados no\nestatales por el control territorial, diferente a lo que fuera hace alg\u00fan tiempo con la confrontaci\u00f3n entre actores armados no estatales\ny las Fuerzas Militares. Este escenario advierte un inter\u00e9s de los actores armados no estatales por controlar el territorio con base en\nviolencia sin la necesidad de disputar el poder regional o nacional lo que aumenta los riesgos de vulneraci\u00f3n de DDHH y DIH en la\nregi\u00f3n.\n\n##### **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n###### RIESGO 1 Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes\n\n\nEn el contexto de la actual crisis humanitaria en la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo, los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes enfrentan grandes riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n ante los desplazamientos masivos, confinamientos y/o restricciones a la movilidad que les impide acceder a derechos\nfundamentales como educaci\u00f3n, salud o disponer de espacios protectores. Esta situaci\u00f3n les expone al alto riesgo de reclutamiento,\nuso y utilizaci\u00f3n debido a la presencia y confrontaci\u00f3n de los actores armados no estatales, que han empleado estrategias de\nvinculaci\u00f3n ligada a ofrecimientos econ\u00f3micos, promesas de cobertura de necesidades b\u00e1sicas y de seguridad, construcci\u00f3n de\nimaginarios militares y uso de redes sociales para persuadir la vinculaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nDurante el 2024, seg\u00fan la Delegada de Ni\u00f1ez de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo se brind\u00f3 atenci\u00f3n a 28 casos de reclutamiento, de los\ncuales 14 presentaron amenazas y otros 14 fueron reclutados y/o vinculados a un grupo armado. Seg\u00fan el informe presentado por\nla COALICO se presentaron 23 eventos categorizados en la resoluci\u00f3n 1612 que afectaron a 288 NNA en Norte de Santander en el\ncontexto del conflicto armado. En medio de la emergencia humanitaria generada en el Catatumbo desde el 16 de enero del 2025, el\nInstituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar -ICBF- ha atendido a 43 adolescentes desvinculados de grupos armados, superando en\ndos meses los registros de atenci\u00f3n en comparaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o anterior [xii] .\n\n\nEn el Catatumbo, los actores armados no estatales han consolidado su control territorial, pol\u00edtico, social y econ\u00f3mico, ejerciendo\nautoridad en estas \u00e1reas mediante la implementaci\u00f3n de reglas de convivencia, control de la econom\u00eda y la realizaci\u00f3n de obras\np\u00fablicas. Adem\u00e1s, buscan legitimar su accionar a trav\u00e9s de la entrega de donaciones de elementos escolares y deportivos. Se alerta\nsobre la existencia de cuatro \"Centros de Resocializaci\u00f3n\" en la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo operados por los actores armados no\nestatales, presentados a la comunidad como espacios de rehabilitaci\u00f3n por el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) y sanci\u00f3n del\nno cumplimiento de \"normas de convivencia\", que se enfocan principalmente en ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes y j\u00f3venes (NNAJ) y\nrepresentan una modalidad de vinculaci\u00f3n al conflicto armado y grave infracci\u00f3n al Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH), con\ntratos crueles, trabajos forzados, violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero y utilizaci\u00f3n para participar en acciones armadas en territorio\nvenezolano.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\nAnte este escenario, y como ha sido advertido por el Ministerio P\u00fablico, familias de \u00e1reas rurales se han tenido que desplazar\nforzosamente a entornos urbanos por amenazas de reclutamiento por parte de los actores armados no estatales [xiii] . Asimismo,\nadolescentes con riesgos de protecci\u00f3n inminentes se han desplazado hacia albergues sin sus cuidadores o familiares, lo que produce\nseparaci\u00f3n familiar e impactos en salud mental ligados a la angustia, el estr\u00e9s e incertidumbre [xiv]\n\n###### RIESGO 2 Ataques a personas y bienes protegidos por el DIH\n\nLos ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil en la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo han aumentado en gravedad y frecuencia como resultado de la\nconfrontaci\u00f3n entre el ELN, las disidencias de las FARC y otros actores armados no estatales. Desde enero de 2025, se han\ndocumentado m\u00faltiples incidentes que incluyen homicidios selectivos, masacres, extorsiones, ataques a bienes de propiedad civil y\namenazas sistem\u00e1ticas contra l\u00edderes comunitarios y defensores de derechos humanos.\n\n\nEn lo que va del a\u00f1o, se han registrado 86 homicidios, de los cuales 4 han sido de menores de edad. 3 l\u00edderes sociales y 7 de firmantes\ndel Acuerdo de Paz [xv] . Adem\u00e1s, han aumentado los ataques directos contra poblaciones en situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, como\ncampesinos, pueblos ind\u00edgenas y comunidades desplazadas, as\u00ed como contra trabajadores humanitarios y periodistas que\ndocumentan la crisis. Estos ataques han generado desplazamientos forzados, temor generalizado y una mayor restricci\u00f3n a la\nmovilidad en la regi\u00f3n.\n\n\nLa destrucci\u00f3n de bienes civiles es otra estrategia utilizada por los actores armados no estatales para consolidar su control territorial.\nSe han reportado ataques a viviendas, escuelas y centros de salud, lo que limita a\u00fan m\u00e1s el acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos y agrava la crisis\nhumanitaria. Adem\u00e1s, el uso de artefactos explosivos en caminos rurales y zonas pobladas ha impedido el acceso de ayuda\nhumanitaria y ha puesto en grave peligro a la poblaci\u00f3n civil.\n\n\nLas amenazas y agresiones contra l\u00edderes sociales y personas defensoras de derechos humanos han sido particularmente alarmantes.\nSe han documentado casos de persecuci\u00f3n, intimidaci\u00f3n y desplazamiento forzado de estos actores clave en municipios como Tib\u00fa,\nOca\u00f1a y El Tarra. La falta de mecanismos efectivos de protecci\u00f3n estatal ha exacerbado esta situaci\u00f3n, dejando a estas comunidades\nen un estado de indefensi\u00f3n.\n\n\nDada la magnitud de la crisis, es urgente fortalecer las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n para la poblaci\u00f3n civil, garantizando la\npresencia de la institucionalidad y el cumplimiento del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH) por parte de todos los actores\narmados. Asimismo, se requiere una acci\u00f3n coordinada entre el Estado, organismos de cooperaci\u00f3n y sociedad civil para reducir la\nviolencia y garantizar la seguridad de las comunidades afectadas.\n\n\nPara mitigar los riesgos a los ataques, se ha creado un comit\u00e9 integrado por la defensor\u00eda del pueblo, la iglesia y la misi\u00f3n de\nverificaci\u00f3n de Naciones unidas con la finalidad de acceder alas comunidades que no han podido recibir asistencia humanitaria. Las\ncomunidades est\u00e1n regresando a sus tierras sin que exista ninguna garant\u00eda de seguridad, lo que ha generado problemas de\nconvivencia; desde las personer\u00edas se ha mantenido la comunicaci\u00f3n con los lideres comunitarios intentando a trav\u00e9s de ellos\ngarantizar el acceso a la comunidad, sin embargo, el cambio de liderazgos ha hecho que esta estrategia no sea la m\u00e1s efectiva.\n\n###### RIESGO 3 Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero\n\nDe acuerdo con la Delegada para los Derechos de las Mujeres y Asuntos de G\u00e9nero [xvi] de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, entre septiembre\nde 2022 y mayo de 2024 se registr\u00f3 un aumento del 92% en los casos de violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero (VBG) en el departamento de\nNorte de Santander, y del 72% en el \u00e1rea metropolitana de C\u00facuta. En 2024, el departamento registr\u00f3 3.657 casos de VBG, con una\ntasa de 213,93 por cada 100.000 habitantes) [xvii], muy cercana al promedio nacional (262,3). Estas violencias incluyen violencia f\u00edsica,\nsexual y psicol\u00f3gica, afectando principalmente a mujeres, ni\u00f1as y personas con Orientaci\u00f3n Sexual e Identidad de G\u00e9nero Diversa\n(OSIGD), especialmente en comunidades rurales, ind\u00edgenas y migrantes en situaci\u00f3n de alta vulnerabilidad.\n\n\nLas v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado interno y la violencia, as\u00ed como las personas refugiadas y migrantes, enfrentan m\u00faltiples barreras\nestructurales para acceder a servicios de justicia, salud y protecci\u00f3n, lo cual genera procesos de revictimizaci\u00f3n institucional. Entre\nalgunas de las barreras se encuentran, la poca o nula presencia del Estado en algunas zonas del Catatumbo, la estigmatizaci\u00f3n, la\ninseguridad, la limitada oferta de servicios b\u00e1sicos, la falta de infraestructura, la xenofobia, la pobreza y exclusi\u00f3n social, entre otras.\n\n\nLas organizaciones del Subsector de G\u00e9nero del GIFMM/ELC han evidenciado dificultades persistentes en la activaci\u00f3n efectiva de\nrutas de protecci\u00f3n para v\u00edctimas y sobrevivientes. Se identifican vac\u00edos significativos en la respuesta de instituciones como las\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\nComisar\u00edas de Familia y la Fiscal\u00eda, con desconocimiento de normativas y competencias, especialmente hacia poblaci\u00f3n migrante en\nsituaci\u00f3n irregular.\n\n\nEn este sentido, se han documentado 4.443 casos de personas refugiadas y migrantes desplazadas desde el Catatumbo que han sido\nv\u00edctimas de m\u00faltiples formas de violencia y afectaciones, muchas de ellas excluidas de la atenci\u00f3n integral por parte de funcionarios\np\u00fablicos. Esta exclusi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica impide el acceso a procesos de reparaci\u00f3n y vulnera gravemente sus derechos en el actual\ncontexto de emergencia humanitaria. Ni\u00f1as y adolescentes se encuentran particularmente expuestas al riesgo de separaci\u00f3n familiar,\ntrata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y otras formas de VBG. Seg\u00fan el GIFMM (2024) [xviii], el 68% de los hogares encuestados en Norte\nde Santander est\u00e1n encabezados por mujeres refugiadas o migrantes, muchas con ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes a cargo. Esta\nfeminizaci\u00f3n de los hogares incrementa su exposici\u00f3n a riesgos, debido a la falta de acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos como vivienda digna,\nalimentaci\u00f3n, agua potable y productos de higiene.\n\n\nExisten barreras persistentes para el ejercicio pleno de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, incluyendo el acceso a la Interrupci\u00f3n\nVoluntaria del Embarazo (IVE), principalmente por limitaciones operativas en la red hospitalaria. Estas restricciones agravan los\nriesgos de feminicidio, retorno de las sobrevivientes junto a sus agresores o exposici\u00f3n prolongada a entornos inseguros. Asimismo,\nla poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+ ha sido objeto de amenazas directas por parte de Grupos Armados No Estatales (GANE) en el Catatumbo.\nAlgunas lideresas han reportado que dichos actores han declarado a esta poblaci\u00f3n como \u201cobjetivo militar\u201d, exigiendo su expulsi\u00f3n\ndel territorio. Estas amenazas han derivado en desplazamientos forzados y han evidenciado subregistros en censos y procesos de\ncaracterizaci\u00f3n, lo cual limita la respuesta institucional y la garant\u00eda de sus derechos.\n\n\nEl departamento de Norte de Santander presenta una capacidad limitada para ofrecer una atenci\u00f3n integral a las v\u00edctimas y\nsobrevivientes de VBG. La respuesta complementaria de la cooperaci\u00f3n internacional ha sido clave para cubrir brechas a trav\u00e9s de\nacompa\u00f1amiento psicosocial, acceso a espacios seguros y asistencia humanitaria (en especie y en efectivo), fundamentales para\nmitigar riesgos y prevenir nuevas violencias. El Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia report\u00f3 90 feminicidios en el departamento\nen 2024, de los cuales siete corresponden a mujeres venezolanas [xix] . Esta cifra representa un incremento de m\u00e1s del 300% en\ncomparaci\u00f3n con a\u00f1os anteriores. Se hace urgente fortalecer los procesos de formaci\u00f3n y sensibilizaci\u00f3n de funcionarios p\u00fablicos\npara garantizar atenci\u00f3n sin discriminaci\u00f3n ni prejuicios, especialmente hacia mujeres refugiadas, migrantes y desplazadas.\n\n\nDe manera preocupante, se ha registrado un aumento significativo de la violencia sexual contra ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en municipios\nde la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo como Sardinata (100%), \u00c1brego (72%), El Tarra (76%) y Tib\u00fa (40%). [xx] Tambi\u00e9n se han documentado\ncasos de violencia sexual en rutas de protecci\u00f3n, como el sector La Don Juana. Entre enero y octubre de 2024, organizaciones\nhumanitarias reportaron 1.225 casos de violencia sexual, principalmente contra mujeres refugiadas y migrantes en tr\u00e1nsito hacia el\ninterior del pa\u00eds. En municipios como Oca\u00f1a, El Tarra, Teorama y Convenci\u00f3n, las tasas de VBG superan el promedio nacional.\n\n\nLos riesgos asociados a la VBG incluyen violencia sexual en albergues temporales, ausencia de informaci\u00f3n clara sobre rutas de\natenci\u00f3n, falta de redes de apoyo familiares o comunitarias, y condiciones de precariedad econ\u00f3mica que llevan a mecanismos de\nafrontamiento negativos como mendicidad, habitabilidad en calle o sexo por supervivencia. Asimismo, se han identificado casos de\ntrata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y laboral, incertidumbre sobre la continuidad de apoyos de alojamiento y alimentaci\u00f3n, falta de\nacceso a justicia y ausencia de acciones efectivas contra los perpetradores, incluidos los GANE.\n\n\nFinalmente, los vac\u00edos en la respuesta institucional y la desconfianza en el Estado est\u00e1n siendo aprovechados por grupos armados\nilegales que instrumentalizan a mujeres j\u00f3venes y madres solas para su reclutamiento y utilizaci\u00f3n. Mediante promesas de ayuda\necon\u00f3mica, protecci\u00f3n o alimentos, promueven su vinculaci\u00f3n a actividades il\u00edcitas e incluso las utilizan como informantes,\nreforzando estereotipos de g\u00e9nero que las exponen a\u00fan m\u00e1s a violencia y explotaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEntre el 1 de diciembre de 2024 y el 31 de enero de 2025, la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo document\u00f3 49 casos de violencia sexual en el\ncontexto del conflicto armado, de los cuales 32 corresponden a mujeres venezolanas. En febrero de 2025, se identificaron otros 50\ncasos adicionales. Todos estos casos est\u00e1n directamente relacionados con los desplazamientos masivos y el recrudecimiento de la\nviolencia en la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo.\n\n\nEl desplazamiento forzado en el Catatumbo ha alcanzado niveles cr\u00edticos debido a la intensificaci\u00f3n de lo _**s**_ enfrentamientos entre el\nELN y las disidencias de las FARC (Estado Mayor de Bloques y Frentes \u2013 EMBF, Frente 33) desde el 16 de enero de 2025. M\u00e1s de\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\n62.447 personas han sido desplazadas y cerca de 27.668 est\u00e1n confinadas, afectando especialmente a comunidades campesinas,\nind\u00edgenas Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed, firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz, poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+, personas defensoras de derechos humanos y poblaci\u00f3n\nrefugiada y migrante.\n\n\nLa imposici\u00f3n de normas coercitivas por parte de los actores armados no estatales ha generado un ambiente de temor generalizado,\nimpidiendo el acceso a derechos fundamentales y aumentando la crisis humanitaria. En la regi\u00f3n del Catatumbo el desplazamiento\nforzado interno se daba de manera individual o gota a gota como estrategia de invisibilizaci\u00f3n de las comunidades ante la presi\u00f3n\ndel actor armado no estatal; incluso era evidente que en la regi\u00f3n hab\u00eda prohibiciones de desplazarse masivamente. La magnitud de\nla emergencia permiti\u00f3 que las personas pudieran huir para proteger la vida luego de la presi\u00f3n violenta expresada a trav\u00e9s de\namenazas, restricciones a la movilidad, homicidios en personas protegidas, presencia de minas antipersonal y artefactos explosivos\ny un sinn\u00famero de situaciones ligadas al control territorial ejercido por uno u otro actor armado no estatal.\n\n\nLa magnitud del desplazamiento supera las capacidades de municipios receptores como C\u00facuta, Tib\u00fa y Oca\u00f1a, donde los albergues\nest\u00e1n desbordados y las familias desplazadas enfrentan barreras en el acceso a vivienda, alimentaci\u00f3n, salud y educaci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s,\nse ha identificado el riesgo de despojo de tierras, dificultando el retorno y aumentando la posibilidad de desplazamiento prolongado.\n\n\n**Restricciones a la Movilidad y Confinamientos**\n\n\nLos actores armados no estatales han impuesto restricciones a la movilidad y han confinado a comunidades enteras como estrategias\nde control territorial y social. La resoluci\u00f3n 171 de 2016 de la Unidad para las V\u00edctimas, define el confinamiento como una situaci\u00f3n\nde vulneraci\u00f3n de derechos fundamentales, en la que las comunidades, pese a permanecer en una parte de su territorio, pierden la\nmovilidad, como consecuencia de la presencia y accionar de grupos armados ilegales. Esta restricci\u00f3n implica la imposibilidad de\nacceder a bienes indispensables para la supervivencia, derivada del control militar, econ\u00f3mico, pol\u00edtico, cultural y social que ejercen\nlos grupos armados ilegales en el marco del conflicto armado interno [xxi] . Actualmente, 27.000 personas, incluidas comunidades\ncampesinas, ind\u00edgenas Motil\u00f3n Bar\u00ed, firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz, defensores de derechos humanos y poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y\nmigrante, que permanecen confinadas debido a la emergencia\n\n\nEstas restricciones han limitado el acceso a servicios esenciales y generado un clima de temor generalizado, afectando especialmente\na las zonas rurales del Catatumbo. La percepci\u00f3n del riesgo es alta: el 51% de los hogares encuestados por DRC durante el cuarto\ntrimestre de 2024 identific\u00f3 las restricciones a la movilidad como un factor de riesgo en su entorno [xxii] . Ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n\ncivil, el uso de artefactos explosivos, enfrentamientos armados y combates entre los GANE y la Fuerza P\u00fablica han agravado la\nsituaci\u00f3n, restringiendo la circulaci\u00f3n y el abastecimiento de bienes esenciales.\n\n\nEl acceso a bienes y servicios b\u00e1sicos ha sido gravemente afectado, con reportes de escasez de alimentos, falta de atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica\ny cierre de escuelas. Adem\u00e1s, las restricciones a la movilidad impuestas han impedido actividades humanitarias en ciertas zonas. En\nsectores como la v\u00eda entre Tib\u00fa y El Tarra, los actores armados no estatales han establecido normas de convivencia con represalias\npara quienes las incumplen, mientras que en Tib\u00fa han impuesto restricciones econ\u00f3micas a comerciantes y transportistas, exigiendo\npagos ilegales para operar. La imposici\u00f3n de normas coercitivas por parte de los GANE ha generado un ambiente de miedo\ngeneralizado. El 100% de las familias encuestadas por DRC durante el cuarto trimestre de 2024 reportaron afectaciones psicosociales\ny el 81% mencionando impactos econ\u00f3micos. Estas din\u00e1micas han reforzado el confinamiento de comunidades enteras, limitando su\ncapacidad de subsistencia y aumentando su vulnerabilidad.\n\n\n**Desplazamiento Forzado**\n\n\nEl desplazamiento forzado en el Catatumbo ha alcanzado niveles alarmantes como consecuencia directa de la intensificaci\u00f3n de los\nenfrentamientos entre actores armados no estatales desde el 16 de enero de 2025. Tan solo en ese mes, m\u00e1s de 52.000 personas se\nvieron obligadas a abandonar sus hogares, principalmente en zonas rurales del departamento de Norte de Santander. A lo largo de\n2024, el incremento de amenazas contra liderazgos sociales, comunitarios y del movimiento LGBTIQ+ tambi\u00e9n impuls\u00f3 nuevas\noleadas de desplazamiento. La ausencia de medidas efectivas de protecci\u00f3n por parte del Estado ha dejado a estas personas en\nsituaci\u00f3n de alta vulnerabilidad, forz\u00e1ndolas a huir sin garant\u00edas ni una respuesta institucional adecuada.\n\n\nLos ataques a civiles y los desplazamientos forzados masivos en Tib\u00fa han generado la separaci\u00f3n de familias. Muchas env\u00edan a ni\u00f1as,\nni\u00f1os y adolescentes fuera del territorio por temor al reclutamiento, mientras que algunos miembros permanecen en sus\ncomunidades para proteger sus medios de vida o evitar la ocupaci\u00f3n de sus tierras por los GANE. Adem\u00e1s, las personas desplazadas\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\nen Tib\u00fa han reportado un grave impacto psicosocial, con s\u00edntomas de ansiedad, estr\u00e9s e insomnio, exacerbados por la revictimizaci\u00f3n\ny las precarias condiciones en los albergues.\n\n\nLa llegada masiva de personas desplazadas al casco urbano de Tib\u00fa ha generado una crisis humanitaria caracterizada por barreras en\nel acceso a derechos y servicios esenciales. La presencia de actores armados no estatales ha limitado el acceso de las instituciones y\norganizaciones humanitarias a varios corregimientos donde antes se llevaban a cabo actividades humanitarias, dificultando la\nprovisi\u00f3n de asistencia esencial y el monitoreo de la situaci\u00f3n. La falta de informaci\u00f3n sobre rutas de atenci\u00f3n y procedimientos y la\nescasa presencia institucional han dificultado el registro de las v\u00edctimas en el RUV, obstaculizando su reconocimiento oficial. La\nsituaci\u00f3n es a\u00fan m\u00e1s cr\u00edtica para personas desplazadas de nacionalidad venezolana, quienes enfrentan barreras administrativas y\nprevaloraciones que desconocen el impacto del conflicto armado en la poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante y el deber de protecci\u00f3n del\nEstado. En ese orden, la Procuradur\u00eda General de la Naci\u00f3n [xxiii] a trav\u00e9s de su directiva 002 de enero 2025, ha solicitado al Ministerio\nP\u00fablico que se garanticen los derechos y la orientaci\u00f3n/asesor\u00eda a poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante v\u00edctima del conflicto armado\ninterno independientemente de su situaci\u00f3n migratoria.\n\n\nAdicionalmente, los retornos sin garant\u00edas siguen ocurriendo debido a la falta de una respuesta humanitaria adecuada, a los riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n en los albergues, al temor a la apropiaci\u00f3n de tierras por parte de los actores armados no estatales y a la inseguridad\nen la regi\u00f3n. Se han reportado casos de familias que retornaron a zonas rurales sin garant\u00edas que, tras regresar, se vieron obligadas\na desplazarse nuevamente por enfrentamientos armados. Al tiempo resulta necesario dimensionar el desplazamiento forzado y el\nrepoblamiento como una estrategia de los actores armados no estatales como una pista para dimensionar los intereses sobre la\nregi\u00f3n y en los cuales los asuntos relacionados con protecci\u00f3n de tierras abandonadas resultan centrales. Esta situaci\u00f3n genera\nproblemas de convivencia entre las comunidades al regresar, las personer\u00edas intentan tener contacto con los lideres comunitarios\npara entender la situaci\u00f3n y ayudar a la comunidad internacional a acceder a la zona, sin embargo, los lideres han cambiado mucho\ny mantener el contacto no es siempre posible.\n\n###### RIESGO 5 Presencia de minas antipersonal y otros artefactos explosivos\n\nNorte de Santander es el cuarto departamento con mayor cantidad de v\u00edctimas por Minas Antipersonal (MAP), Municiones sin\nExplosionar (MSE) Y otros Artefactos Explosivos Improvisados (AEI) en Colombia, alcanzando un registro de 971 personas, seg\u00fan las\ncifras del Grupo de Acci\u00f3n Contra Minas Antipersonal de la Consejer\u00eda Comisionada de Paz [xxiv] . Esto representa el 8% de la cantidad\nde v\u00edctimas a nivel nacional, siendo los municipios con mayor afectaci\u00f3n, Teorama (189), Tib\u00fa (180), Hacar\u00ed (122), El Tarra (99) y\nConvenci\u00f3n (91). Desde el inicio de la emergencia el 16 de enero de 2025, se han presentado 13 eventos de MAP/MSE/AEI de los\ncuales 4 emplearon drones. La intensificaci\u00f3n de enfrentamientos entre GANE y la lucha por el control territorial ha prolongado la\npr\u00e1ctica de instalar artefactos explosivos y campos minados como una estrategia de contenci\u00f3n del enemigo, de marcaci\u00f3n de\nfronteras invisibles para proteger o resguardar zonas de control, caminos, campamentos y cultivos de uso il\u00edcito.\n\n\nLa reciente crisis humanitaria en el Catatumbo, que deja hasta la fecha m\u00e1s de 62 mil desplazados y cerca de 27 mil personas\nconfinadas, seg\u00fan la Procuradur\u00eda, ha aumentado el riesgo de las comunidades de sufrir accidentes por artefactos explosivos, dado\nque se ha conocido que los caminos de herradura para posibles retornos se encuentran minado\n\n\ns, y se han hecho denuncias por parte de la comunidad de la ocupaci\u00f3n de sus viviendas por parte de integrantes de los GANE. Esto\nha incrementado la incertidumbre de los pobladores de volver a sus territorios, incluso ha multiplicado el desconocimiento de las\nrutas seguras para que los ni\u00f1os y j\u00f3venes puedan asistir a las instituciones educativas. La instalaci\u00f3n y presencia de artefactos\nexplosivos limita la movilidad, el acceso a educaci\u00f3n, salud, uso de la tierra, a recursos naturales b\u00e1sicos como el agua, infraestructura\ny actividades agr\u00edcolas, entre otros.\n\n\nEstos hechos, han elevado el temor de los pobladores de transitar por zonas que antes se consideraban seguras, limitando el acceso\nhumanitario, impactando psicol\u00f3gicamente a la poblaci\u00f3n por la p\u00e9rdida de sus medios de vida y la zozobra que genera no poder\nregresar a su territorio por la prolongaci\u00f3n del conflicto, sumado a la falta de respuestas respecto a su situaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn la zona del Catatumbo no se han podido realizar labores de Desminado Humanitario debido a las dificultades de acceso y las\ndeterioradas condiciones de seguridad en la zona, por lo que el retorno de las personas desplazadas no es una acci\u00f3n que se\ncontemple en el corto plazo. El alto riesgo que tienen de sufrir accidentes por los artefactos explosivos que han sido instalados en la\nregi\u00f3n, aumenta las posibilidades de sufrir heridas, desmembramientos e incluso la muerte. El llamado que se hace desde las\ncomunidades y autoridades locales es fortalecer las actividades en Educaci\u00f3n en el Riego de Minas Antipersonal, para promover\ncomportamientos seguros en las comunidades y disminuir el riesgo de sufrir accidentes por MAP/MSE/AEI.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n##### **RESPUESTA**\n\n\n**AVANCES EN MATERIA DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nA cierre de 2024, y en l\u00f3gica de respuesta ordinaria 16 organizaciones\nhan brindado respuesta en el departamento de Norte de Santander,\nalcanzando a un total de 35.082 personas, de las cuales el 34% son\nmujeres, el 18% hombres, el 24% ni\u00f1as y el 24% ni\u00f1os. Las actividades\nde protecci\u00f3n han cubierto 25 de los 40 municipios del departamento,\nconcentr\u00e1ndose en C\u00facuta, Tib\u00fa, El Tarra y Oca\u00f1a, donde se implementa\nel 63% de las actividades y se ha alcanzado al 68% de las personas. El\nvalor agregado de las acciones de Protecci\u00f3n se asocian a intervenciones\nque generaron acompa\u00f1amientos recurrentes a comunidades en riesgo.\n\n\nEn cuanto a la distribuci\u00f3n de las actividades, el 43% de la respuesta de\nlos socios del Cl\u00faster de protecci\u00f3n se enfoca en actividades de\nrespuesta complementaria a los esfuerzos del Estado parar brindar\nprotecci\u00f3n frente a la violaci\u00f3n de derechos. El 32% corresponde a\nacciones de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n ante riesgos que enfrentan las\npersonas y comunidades. El 25% restante son actividades que\ncontribuyen al logro de soluciones duraderas y sostenibles en el marco\ndel conflicto armado y cambio clim\u00e1tico como procesos asociados a la\nregularizaci\u00f3n de asentamientos humanos.\n\n\nEl 66% de las acciones incluyen, principalmente, la provisi\u00f3n de\ninformaci\u00f3n, orientaci\u00f3n y asistencia legal para el acceso a la reparaci\u00f3n de v\u00edctimas de desplazamiento forzado, as\u00ed como la\nentrega de asistencia de urgencia complementaria que favorecen a las v\u00edctimas y/o sobrevivientes para que puedan acceder a\nrutas institucionales y/o con las que se promueva la complementariedad de la acci\u00f3n estatal en materia de protecci\u00f3n. Protecci\u00f3n\nde la ni\u00f1ez representa el 18% de la respuesta en el departamento, en mayor medida a trav\u00e9s de programas de prevenci\u00f3n de\nreclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de NNA. El 9% de la respuesta se implementa en acci\u00f3n contra minas a trav\u00e9s de campa\u00f1as y\ntalleres de educaci\u00f3n en el riesgo de minas. En cuanto a la respuesta ante violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero, en 2024 se brindaron\nservicios en gesti\u00f3n de casos a sobrevivientes de VBG y talleres de identificaci\u00f3n temprana y mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos de VBG.\n\n\nDurante 2024 el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n de Norte de Santander se reuni\u00f3 quincenalmente para hacer seguimiento al\ncontexto y monitoreo de riesgos de protecci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como para socializar y coordinar las acciones de protecci\u00f3n a implementar en\nel territorio. Al tiempo y en el marco de misiones conjuntas a la subregi\u00f3n advirtieron el riesgo de desplazamiento masivo y la\nnecesidad de actualizar los planes de contingencia en la regi\u00f3n. Respecto a la articulaci\u00f3n con las instituciones estatales, El GTP\nhizo incidencia ante los entes territoriales pertinentes, de acuerdo con los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n identificados; en esta misma l\u00ednea,\nlas \u00e1reas de responsabilidad de Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero apoyaron en el fortalecimiento de\ncapacidades a los entes territoriales para la identificaci\u00f3n de riesgos. Ante la crisis humanitaria de la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo del\npresente a\u00f1o, 14 organizaciones de protecci\u00f3n han implementado 9.553 actividades de asistencia. Las principales actividades de\nprotecci\u00f3n implementadas durante la emergencia se han concentrado en acciones de: i. Recepci\u00f3n y emergencia; ii. Registro y\ntransici\u00f3n y iii. Crear condiciones para el retorno con cumplimiento de principios. Tanto el ELC/GIFMM como el GTP/SLP han sido\nforo de an\u00e1lisis de identificaci\u00f3n de riesgos de identificaci\u00f3n de esquemas de incidencia id\u00f3neos para la articulaci\u00f3n institucional\nlocal, regional y nacional. El GTP ha liderado sesiones grupales de informaci\u00f3n para el acceso a ruta de las v\u00edctimas de\ndesplazamiento y confinamiento, apoyo en la toma de declaraciones y censos para favorecer inclusi\u00f3n en registro \u00fanico de\nv\u00edctimas, apoyo en la recepci\u00f3n y caracterizaci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n desplazada para la entrega de asistencia humanitaria de inmediatez,\nactividades de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial o fortalecimiento socioemocional a ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes y actividades de prevenci\u00f3n\nante violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero, incluido prevenci\u00f3n de PSEA. Asimismo, se ha brindado asistencia t\u00e9cnica a la Gobernaci\u00f3n de\nNorte de Santander y alcald\u00edas para cualificar los comit\u00e9s de justicia transicional y los subcomit\u00e9s de prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y\ngarant\u00edas de no repetici\u00f3n en el marco de la activaci\u00f3n de planes de contingencia como escenarios id\u00f3neos para la respuesta a la\nemergencia.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n##### **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\n\nPara enfrentar estos complejos desaf\u00edos de protecci\u00f3n que afectan a la poblaci\u00f3n de Norte de Santander, y en espec\u00edfico de la\nsubregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo, es necesario tomar medidas urgentes que aborden tanto las causas estructurales del conflicto y la\nviolencia, como las vulnerabilidades inmediatas. Por ello es urgente aplicar el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, favorecer\nesquemas de coordinaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n al desplazamiento forzado, y reconocer el impacto diferencial del conflicto\nen poblaciones de especial protecci\u00f3n constitucional.\n\n###### RIESGO 1 Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes\n\n\n**AL GOBIERNO NACIONAL, DEPARTAMENTAL Y LOCAL**\n\n\n- Operativizar los lineamientos de la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de prevenci\u00f3n del reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n, a trav\u00e9s del fortalecimiento\nde los equipos de acci\u00f3n inmediata (EAI) municipales; as\u00ed como, la consolidaci\u00f3n de la Mesa Departamental de Prevenci\u00f3n del\nReclutamiento, uso, utilizaci\u00f3n y vinculaci\u00f3n (RUUV), en procura de la construcci\u00f3n de planes de acci\u00f3n, definici\u00f3n de rutas\ninstitucionales y mayor coordinaci\u00f3n entre actores institucionales para prevenir y responder a casos de reclutamiento, uso y\nutilizaci\u00f3n y violencia sexual de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n- Brindar acceso y mecanismos de referenciaci\u00f3n para atenci\u00f3n en salud f\u00edsica, salud mental y apoyo psicosocial de manera\narticulada entre los sistemas de salud y protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**A LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL / COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Implementar acciones de salud mental y apoyo psicosocial en niveles comunitarios y familiares para fortalecer capacidades de\nafrontamiento y promover el bienestar emocional de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes con enfoque diferencial por edad, g\u00e9nero y\npertenencia \u00e9tnica.\n\n- Acompa\u00f1ar t\u00e9cnicamente el fortalecimiento del sistema de protecci\u00f3n para la atenci\u00f3n a ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes y familias\nafectadas por desplazamiento y confinamiento y brindar apoyo t\u00e9cnico para la implementaci\u00f3n de los lineamientos de Pol\u00edtica\nP\u00fablica de Prevenci\u00f3n del Reclutamiento, Uso y Utilizaci\u00f3n y Violencia Sexual en municipios con alto riesgo.\n\n- Reforzar el reporte de graves violaciones a derechos humanos en el marco del conflicto armado ante el Mecanismo de Monitoreo\ny Reporte bajo Resoluci\u00f3n 1612 para visibilizar y documentar la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria que afrontan ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n###### RIESGO 2 Ataques a personas y bienes protegidos por el DIH\n\n\n**AL GOBIERNO NACIONAL, DEPARTAMENTAL Y LOCAL**\n\n\n- Investigar, sancionar y prevenir los ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil y los bienes de car\u00e1cter civil, garantizando el acceso a la\njusticia, evitando la impunidad y reconociendo el car\u00e1cter diferencial de estos cr\u00edmenes en el contexto del conflicto armado.\n\n- Reforzar los mecanismos de respuesta estatal en zonas rurales afectadas, asegurando presencia efectiva de instituciones civiles\ny articulaci\u00f3n intersectorial para la atenci\u00f3n a comunidades expuestas a ataques y desplazamientos.\n\n\n**A LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL / COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Fortalecer el monitoreo y la denuncia de violaciones al Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH): Implementar mecanismos m\u00e1s\nrobustos de documentaci\u00f3n de ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil, articulando esfuerzos con organismos de derechos humanos y\nmedios de comunicaci\u00f3n para visibilizar las violaciones y contribuir a evitar su impunidad.\n\n- Fortalecer las capacidades locales de autoprotecci\u00f3n y sistemas de alerta temprana: Acompa\u00f1ar a las comunidades en la\nidentificaci\u00f3n de riesgos y la implementaci\u00f3n de estrategias de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os, incluyendo la conformaci\u00f3n de redes\ncomunitarias de protecci\u00f3n en alianza con l\u00edderes locales, pueblos ind\u00edgenas y organizaciones sociales.\n\n- Brindar atenci\u00f3n integral a v\u00edctimas de ataques armados: Garantizar el acceso a asistencia psicol\u00f3gica especializada para\nsobrevivientes, familiares y comunidades afectadas, as\u00ed como facilitar rutas efectivas de denuncia, representaci\u00f3n legal y\nreparaci\u00f3n integral.\n\n- Acompa\u00f1ar t\u00e9cnicamente procesos de incidencia para la protecci\u00f3n de bienes civiles esenciales, asegurando que los actores\nhumanitarios incluyan estos temas en los marcos de di\u00e1logo humanitario y coordinaci\u00f3n institucional.\n\n\n**AL ESTADO, LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL Y LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL**\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\n- Acompa\u00f1ar t\u00e9cnicamente procesos de incidencia para la protecci\u00f3n de bienes civiles esenciales, asegurando que los actores\nhumanitarios incluyan estos temas en los marcos de di\u00e1logo humanitario y coordinaci\u00f3n institucional.\n\n- Consolidar mecanismos de coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional e intersectorial para la protecci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n civil, facilitando\nrespuestas integrales que aborden tanto la atenci\u00f3n inmediata como la prevenci\u00f3n a largo plazo de los ataques y sus impactos.\n\n- Dise\u00f1ar e implementar acciones diferenciales de protecci\u00f3n para grupos espec\u00edficos, incluyendo mujeres, ni\u00f1os, personas\nmayores, personas con discapacidad, personas LGBTIQ+, pueblos \u00e9tnicos, firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz y poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y\nmigrante, cuyas condiciones de vulnerabilidad se agravan en contextos de violencia directa.\n\n- Fortalecer la articulaci\u00f3n entre mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n comunitaria y los sistemas institucionales, promoviendo la generaci\u00f3n\nde redes de alerta temprana, rutas de evacuaci\u00f3n segura, acompa\u00f1amiento a l\u00edderes y comunicaci\u00f3n con instituciones locales.\n\n- Fomentar espacios de di\u00e1logo comunitario para la identificaci\u00f3n de riesgos, necesidades y prioridades de protecci\u00f3n,\npermitiendo una respuesta m\u00e1s contextualizada, participativa y sensible a los impactos diferenciados de los ataques.\n\n- Promover procesos de recuperaci\u00f3n comunitaria tras los ataques, incluyendo apoyo para reconstrucci\u00f3n de viviendas e\ninfraestructura b\u00e1sica, restauraci\u00f3n de medios de vida, reparaci\u00f3n psicosocial colectiva y fortalecimiento del tejido social.\n\n###### RIESGO 3 Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero\n\n\n**AL GOBIERNO NACIONAL, DEPARTAMENTAL Y LOCAL**\n\n\n- Revisar, actualizar y fortalecer las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas para la prevenci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y respuesta a las violencias basadas en\ng\u00e9nero, con enfoque territorial, diferencial y de derechos, priorizando zonas rurales y urbanas de alto riesgo. Se recomienda\ndefinir una ruta \u00fanica de atenci\u00f3n, clara y difundida, bajo el liderazgo de las autoridades competentes.\n\n- Garantizar medidas de protecci\u00f3n efectiva para lideresas sociales y defensoras de derechos humanos, mediante rutas\nintegrales que incluyan el acompa\u00f1amiento de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, activaci\u00f3n de la Unidad Nacional de Protecci\u00f3n (UNP),\ntransporte humanitario y apoyo econ\u00f3mico por protecci\u00f3n, reconociendo los riesgos espec\u00edficos que enfrentan en el contexto\nde emergencia.\n\n- Dise\u00f1ar e implementar acciones espec\u00edficas para personas LGBTIQ+, asegurando el acceso diferenciado a rutas institucionales\nde protecci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n de violencia motivada por prejuicio y acceso seguro a servicios humanitarios sin discriminaci\u00f3n.\nEstas medidas deben incluirse en los an\u00e1lisis de riesgo y en los programas de respuesta.\n\n\n**A LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL / COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Apoyar t\u00e9cnicamente a autoridades locales en el dise\u00f1o de respuestas alimentarias y nutricionales sensibles al g\u00e9nero, con\ninclusi\u00f3n de requerimientos espec\u00edficos para mujeres, ni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os.\n\n- Impulsar la formaci\u00f3n continua a actores humanitarios y del sistema de salud sobre rutas de prevenci\u00f3n, protocolos de atenci\u00f3n\na VBG, autocuidado del personal humanitario, y abordaje integral de salud mental y apoyo psicosocial a sobrevivientes.\n\n- Fortalecer el acceso a rutas de protecci\u00f3n internacional para mujeres refugiadas y migrantes, en articulaci\u00f3n con actores\nespecializados, y apoyar la implementaci\u00f3n de mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n frente a trata y tr\u00e1fico de personas con fines de\nexplotaci\u00f3n sexual.\n\n- Acompa\u00f1ar t\u00e9cnicamente a las autoridades competentes en la prevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n y respuesta a las VBG, incluyendo el\nfortalecimiento operativo y estrat\u00e9gico del Comit\u00e9 Articulador de VBG en los territorios.\n\n\n**AL ESTADO, LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL Y LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL**\n\n\n- Involucrar activamente a mujeres y ni\u00f1as en la planificaci\u00f3n, implementaci\u00f3n y monitoreo de programas humanitarios y de\nprotecci\u00f3n, garantizando que sus voces, necesidades y preocupaciones est\u00e9n integradas desde el dise\u00f1o hasta la ejecuci\u00f3n de\nlas respuestas.\n\n- Mitigar los riesgos espec\u00edficos de VBG hacia mujeres adolescentes y j\u00f3venes, asegurando la activaci\u00f3n efectiva de rutas de\nprotecci\u00f3n ante casos de explotaci\u00f3n sexual, abuso sexual y trata de personas.\n\n- Fortalecer los espacios intersectoriales de articulaci\u00f3n para respuestas integrales frente a la VBG, promoviendo la coordinaci\u00f3n\nefectiva entre los sectores de salud, educaci\u00f3n, albergue, protecci\u00f3n, seguridad alimentaria y medios de vida.\n\n- Promover procesos comunitarios de sensibilizaci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n de VBG, con enfoque interseccional, de g\u00e9nero, edad y\ndiversidad, e involucrando activamente a lideresas, mujeres j\u00f3venes, poblaci\u00f3n OSIGD y organizaciones de base comunitaria.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\n**AL GOBIERNO NACIONAL, DEPARTAMENTAL Y LOCAL**\n\n\n- Promover la coordinaci\u00f3n interinstitucional a trav\u00e9s de los escenarios de la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n integral a v\u00edctimas. En\neste sentido, Comit\u00e9s Territoriales de Justicia Transicional, subcomit\u00e9s de asistencia y atenci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n y\nrestablecimiento como escenarios id\u00f3neos para activar esquemas de complementariedad, subsidiariedad y concurrencia\nprevistos en el marco normativo\n\n- Actualizar los Planes de Contingencia municipales y departamental, asegurando la participaci\u00f3n activa de todas las Secretar\u00edas y\nDirecciones competentes.\n\n- Garantizar la asistencia humanitaria de inmediatez, incluyendo alimentaci\u00f3n y art\u00edculos de primera necesidad, mientras se\nformaliza el registro por parte de la UARIV, sin discriminaci\u00f3n en raz\u00f3n de nacionalidad.\n\n- Fortalecer las modalidades de alojamiento temporal, proponiendo alternativas seguras y sostenibles como el arrendamiento\nmediante transferencias monetarias, evitando la saturaci\u00f3n y los riesgos asociados a los albergues.\n\n- Asegurar la inclusi\u00f3n oportuna en el Registro \u00danico de V\u00edctimas (RUV), de todas las victimas afectadas por este hecho, incluyendo\na personas refugiadas, migrantes y firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz.\n\n- Garantizar la articulaci\u00f3n entre gobierno nacional y local, fortaleciendo la presencia institucional y los mecanismos de respuesta\nintersectorial.\n\n- Promover la protecci\u00f3n de tierras y la regularizaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica, en articulaci\u00f3n con el Departamento Nacional de Planeaci\u00f3n\n(DNP) y el Ministerio de Vivienda, para procesos de retorno, reubicaci\u00f3n o integraci\u00f3n local bajo condiciones de seguridad,\ndignidad y voluntariedad.\n\n\n**A LA COOPERACI\u00d3N INTERNACIONAL / COMUNIDAD HUMANITARIA**\n\n\n- Coordinar esfuerzos para la protecci\u00f3n de tierras y la prevenci\u00f3n del despojo, en articulaci\u00f3n con autoridades territoriales y\nprogramas de restituci\u00f3n, especialmente en escenarios de retorno, reubicaci\u00f3n o integraci\u00f3n local.\n\n- Fomentar el an\u00e1lisis y construcci\u00f3n conjunta de rutas integrales de atenci\u00f3n, con participaci\u00f3n de autoridades, actores\nhumanitarios y organizaciones comunitarias, fortaleciendo la legitimidad de la respuesta y su efectividad.\n\n- Brindar respuesta complementaria a la asistencia de inmediatez, especialmente en zonas donde la capacidad institucional est\u00e1\ndesbordada.\n\n- Acompa\u00f1ar t\u00e9cnicamente los procesos de registro, censos y declaraciones masivas, en coordinaci\u00f3n con la UARIV y los CTJT.\n\n- Fortalecer la oferta de servicios diferenciados en salud mental, apoyo psicosocial, asistencia legal y protecci\u00f3n para grupos en\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad (ni\u00f1ez, mujeres, personas LGBTIQ+, ind\u00edgenas, personas con discapacidad, etc).\n\n###### RIESGO 5 Presencia de minas antipersonal y otros artefactos explosivos\n\n\n**AL ESTADO**\n\n\n- Se requiere una mayor articulaci\u00f3n entre el Estado y las organizaciones locales competentes, con el objetivo de consolidar una\nrespuesta institucional s\u00f3lida que permita activar de manera oportuna los mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n de\nlas comunidades.\n\n- Desarrollar estrategias de Educaci\u00f3n en el Riesgo de Minas (ERM) adaptadas a comunidades rurales y urbanas afectadas por el\nconfinamiento y desplazamiento forzado.\n\n\n**A LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL Y EL SECTOR HUMANITARIO**\n\n\n- Fortalecer las capacidades de respuesta local e institucional a trav\u00e9s de capacitar a equipos de primera respuesta, l\u00edderes\ncomunitarios, docentes y actores humanitarios en identificaci\u00f3n de riesgos, rutas de atenci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas y protocolos de\nemergencia frente a accidentes con MAP/MSE/AEI.\n\n- Desarrollar acciones sostenidas de ERM a trav\u00e9s de sesiones presenciales, materiales impresos, mensajes radiales, mensajes\nSMS y jornadas pedag\u00f3gicas adaptadas al contexto rural y urbano.\n\n- Fortalecer mecanismos de autoprotecci\u00f3n comunitaria. Identificar zonas de riesgo con las comunidades y dise\u00f1ar mapas\ncomunitarios de rutas seguras. Promover pr\u00e1cticas seguras y sistemas de alerta temprana frente a presuntos artefactos\nexplosivos.\n\n- Mejorar el acceso a atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica de urgencia, rehabilitaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, apoyo psicosocial y acompa\u00f1amiento legal para v\u00edctimas\ndirectas e indirectas.\n\n- Fortalecer el v\u00ednculo con actores del sector de Acci\u00f3n contra Minas (ACM) para priorizar intervenciones de emergencia,\nrealizar estudios no t\u00e9cnicos, y avanzar en tareas de desminado cuando las condiciones lo permitan.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Departamento de Norte de Santander** | Abril de 2025\n\n\n**Notas**\n\n\n[i Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo (2025): Cifras sobre din\u00e1micas de movilidad humana forzada en Colombia durante 2024](https://x.com/MarnIris/status/1882803798818619821)\n[ii ELC, GIFMM y EHP, Dashboard - Situaci\u00f3n Emergencia Catatumbo, Colombia](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYjE3MzE2MWMtOGQ2Ny00Y2RiLTllNzEtYWIwYTUxNGY3ZjU1IiwidCI6IjNlOTQyYWU0LWNkOTMtNGQzNy1)\n[iii Centro de Memoria Hist\u00f3rica, Somos Bar\u00ed: Hijos Ancestrales del Catatumbo](https://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/catatumbo/descargas/somos-bari.pdf)\n[iv GU\u00cdA PARA CONFORMACI\u00d3N Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE COMIT\u00c9S TERRITORIALES DE JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL](https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/INEC/IGUB/Guia-comites-territoriales-justicia-transicional.pdf)\nv Ibid.\nvi Ibid.\n[vii OCHA, Colombia (2025), Reporte de Situaci\u00f3n No. 02: Necesidades humanitarias por desplazamiento masivo y restricciones a la movilidad en Catatumbo](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-reporte-de-situacion-no-02-necesidades-humanitarias-por-desplazamiento-masivo-y-restricciones-la-movilidad-en-catatumbo-norte-de-santander?_gl=1*10u96yb*_ga*NDIwMjM2MTgyLjE3MjM0NzIyMDc.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTc0MTg3NjEwOS40NC4xLjE3NDE4Nzc0NjcuNTUuMC4w)\n[(Norte de Santander).](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-reporte-de-situacion-no-02-necesidades-humanitarias-por-desplazamiento-masivo-y-restricciones-la-movilidad-en-catatumbo-norte-de-santander?_gl=1*10u96yb*_ga*NDIwMjM2MTgyLjE3MjM0NzIyMDc.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTc0MTg3NjEwOS40NC4xLjE3NDE4Nzc0NjcuNTUuMC4w)\nviii Ibid.\n[ix Gobernaci\u00f3n Norte de Santander, Balance PMU Catatumbo, Bolet\u00edn N\u00b053 del 17/03/2025](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\n[x UNODC, Informe Monitoreo de los territorios con presencia de cultivos de coca 2022](https://www.unodc.org/documents/colombia/2023/septiembre-9/INFORME_MONITOREO_DE_TERRITORIOS_CON_PRESENCIA_DE_CULTIVOS_DE_COCA_2022.pdf)\n[xi Gobernaci\u00f3n Norte de Santander, Balance PMU Catatumbo, Bolet\u00edn N\u00b053 del 17/03/2025](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\nxiiInstituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF) (2025) ICBF exige a grupos armados detener el reclutamiento de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en el Catatumbo\nxiii Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo (2023) ALERTA TEMPRANA N\u00b0 009-2023\n[xiv Consejo Dan\u00e9s para Refugiados (2025), Snapshot de monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n: Impactos humanitarios y riesgos de protecci\u00f3n derivados de la crisis de](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-snapshot-de-monitoreo-de-proteccion-impacto-humanitario-y-riesgos-de-proteccion-derivados-de-la-crisis-por-desplazamiento-forzado-masivo-en-tibu-norte-de-santander-enero-2025-protection-monitoring-snapshot-january-2025-ensp)\n[desplazamiento forzado masivo en Tib\u00fa, Norte de Santander.](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-snapshot-de-monitoreo-de-proteccion-impacto-humanitario-y-riesgos-de-proteccion-derivados-de-la-crisis-por-desplazamiento-forzado-masivo-en-tibu-norte-de-santander-enero-2025-protection-monitoring-snapshot-january-2025-ensp)\n[xv Gobernaci\u00f3n Norte de Santander, Balance PMU Catatumbo, Bolet\u00edn N\u00b053 del 17/03/2025](https://x.com/GoberNorte/status/1901945509239025976/photo/1)\n[xvi Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, Rendici\u00f3n de cuentas 2023, Delegada de los Derechos de las Mujeres y Asuntos de G\u00e9nero: Logros y Desaf\u00edos.](https://www.defensoria.gov.co/documents/20123/2805260/Tema+11+mujeres+y+g%C3%A9nero+-+rc.pdf/0ba06094-eab5-36d5-a62b-2bdef0a0968f?t=1717169880283)\n[xvii SIVIGE. Casos de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud P\u00fablica. Fecha de corte: 31.10.2024. Observatorio Nacional de](https://www.sispro.gov.co/observatorios/onviolenciasgenero/Paginas/home.aspx)\n[Violencias de G\u00e9nero](https://www.sispro.gov.co/observatorios/onviolenciasgenero/Paginas/home.aspx)\n[xviii GIFMM. (2025). Resultados de la Evaluaci\u00f3n Conjunta de Necesidades para la Poblaci\u00f3n con Vocaci\u00f3n de Permanencia. Norte de Santander.](https://www.r4v.info/es/document/gifmm-colombia-resultados-evaluacion-conjunta-de-necesidades-para-poblacion-con-22)\n[xix Observatorio de Colombiano de Feminicidios](https://www.observatoriofeminicidioscolombia.org/reportes)\n[xx Observatorio Nacional de Violencias de G\u00e9nero, La tasa nacional para 2024 es de 262.3 por 100 mil habitantes.](https://www.observatoriofeminicidioscolombia.org/reportes)\nxxi Resoluci\u00f3n 0171 del 24 de febrero de 2016, por la cual se define el confinamiento como hecho victimizante en el marco de la Ley 1448 de 2011, expedida\npor la Unidad para las V\u00edctimas.\nxxii Ibid.\nxxiii Procuradur\u00eda General de la Naci\u00f3n, Directiva 002 del 14 de enero de 2025.\n[xxiv Visor Acci\u00f3n Integral Contra Minas Antipersonal (2025). Reporte Nacional de V\u00edctimas de MAP/MUSE, disponible en: Visor AICMA.](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMTM2MDgzZWUtZWQ4Yy00MDdlLTlmZDQtOTBlMmJmOTViOWZkIiwidCI6IjFjMjBkMDU2LWIzZTQtNGYwNy1hNTRjLTg0ZTQyMTZhMjkyMCIsImMiOjR9)\n\n\n**Metodolog\u00eda**\n\n\nEn septiembre de 2024, el Grupo Tem\u00e1tico de Protecci\u00f3n de Norte de Santander y el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n organizaron\njunto con las \u00c1reas de Responsabilidad (AdR) de Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero, Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Acci\u00f3n contra Minas,\nuna misi\u00f3n a la subregi\u00f3n del Catatumbo con el objetivo de actualizar el contexto regional e identificar los principales\nriesgos de Protecci\u00f3n en la subregi\u00f3n. Esta misi\u00f3n permiti\u00f3 identificar el inminente riesgo de desplazamiento forzado\ninterno y confinamiento de las comunidades en zona rural. No obstante, en el inicio del 2025, se present\u00f3 una emergencia\nhumanitaria que oblig\u00f3 a una respuesta coordinada al interior del Equipo Local de Coordinaci\u00f3n (ELC) de Norte de\nSantander, con lo cual fue necesario el apoyo en asuntos de respuesta humanitaria inmediata y articulaci\u00f3n institucional.\nDe esta manera, este documento de an\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n se bas\u00f3 en datos cuantitativos y cualitativos procedentes de\nevaluaciones intersectoriales, evaluaciones r\u00e1pidas de protecci\u00f3n y los informes elaborados por los socios del equipo\nsubnacional y nacional del Cl\u00faster/Sector de Protecci\u00f3n y las \u00e1reas de Responsabilidad correspondientes.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4891a642-0772-41cb-9aaf-05e66ed30ab9/pau25_protection_analysis_update_colombia_catatumbo_espa.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_849/raw/doc_849_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_849/raw/doc_849_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f80af8d9a51c3d6387dfb663c3ab292567050e2e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_849/raw/doc_849_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The conflict landscape in Somalia during 2024-2025 is characterized by fighting between the government forces and non-state\narmed actors (e.g. Al-Shabaab, ISIS) and persistent inter and intra-clan conflicts. [i] In Luuq District of Gedo Region, the conflict\ninvolving the allied Reer Hassan and Gabaawayn clans on one side, and the Macalin Wayne on the other, has escalated since\nJuly 2024 [ii] . Primarily originating from land disputes and control of the Luuq local administration, the conflict has resulted in\napproximately 88,452 individuals (14,742 households) being displaced and seeking refuge in safer areas, such as Dogob,\nDhuycaley, Shadiley, Kulmiye, Yurkud, Bashiiro, and Xaanowayn and neighboring districts. Despite multiple peace negotiation\nattempts by clan elders, Jubaland regional and national government officials, the situation remains unstable, with no fruitful\npeace agreement reached. [iii] The most prevalent protection risks [iv] faced by the populations in Luuq district are as follows:\n\n - **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacements.**\n\n - **Attacks on civilians and unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects.**\n\n - **Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.**\n\n - **Forced family separation which affects children.**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\n- Stronger involvement from both local and federal governments is needed to address existing grievances, negotiate and\nenforce peace agreements, and prevent further escalation of violence.\n\n- Strengthen community-based protection/community self-protection mechanisms and support inclusive community\nprotection structures.\n\n- Support disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs for children formerly associated with armed forces and\ngroups, including those involved in armed conflict.\n\n- Promote the piloting of a Civilian Self-Protection Strategy to equip communities with the tools to prevent, reduce and\nmitigate protection risks through strengthening their own civilian self-protection approaches.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**MAIN TRIGGER OF**\n\n**DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\n**CONFLICT &**\n**INSECURITY**\n\n\n\n**NO OF VERIFIED**\n**POPULATION**\n\n**SITES**\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY**\n**DISPLACED PEOPLE**\n\n**(EST.)**\n\n\n\n**LEVEL OF**\n**HUMANITARIAN**\n\n**ACCESS**\n\n**MODERATE**\n\n**ACCESS**\n**CONSTRAINTS**\n\n\n# **145,645 36 65,179 [v]**\n\nThe protection environment in Somalia has\ndeteriorated significantly due to a complex\ninterplay of several factors that include chronic\nconflicts, recurrent climatic shocks and fragmented\ngovernance [vi] . Clan-based dynamics remain central\nto many conflicts, with competition over resources\ndriving different clans to attempt to dominate or\ndisplace others.\n\n\nThe absence of effective law enforcement and weak\nimplementation of local clan agreements has\nallowed tensions to continue even after persistent\nresolution attempts [vii] . This is further complicated by\npolitical instability, where weak governance\nstructures at local and state levels contribute to\nprolonged conflicts. [viii]\n\n\nThe militarization of communities, with clan-based\nmilitias receiving support from their community\nmembers often exacerbates hostilities. Additionally,\nthe presence of Non-State Armed Actors,\nparticularly Al-Shabaab in areas like Luuq,\ncomplicates peace negotiations and humanitarian\nresponses, as they control certain parts of the\nregion and influence local communities. [ix]\n\n\nA 20-day ceasefire, negotiated by traditional\nleaders, took effect on 15 November 2024;\nhowever, fighting resumed in February 2025,\nhighlighting the limited progress made toward a\nsustainable resolution.\n\n\n\nThe presence of a multitude of armed actors within\nLuuq district, comprising State forces (e.g. Somali\nNational Army (SNA), National Intelligence and\nSecurity Agency (NISA), Federal Police, Ethiopian\nNational Defense Forces) alongside non-state armed actors such as clan-affiliated militias, District Commissioner aligned\narmed personnel, and the presence of Al-Shabaab has rendered the Luuq district a complex environment which heightens\nprotection risks for civilians, including restricted movement, increased vulnerability to violence, limited service access, and\nelevated risks of forced recruitment\u2014particularly affecting children and requiring specialized protection interventions and\ncareful humanitarian programming.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The triggers and contributing factors include:**\n\n - Clan-based dynamics in Luuq often trigger conflicts as different clans compete over resources and seek to dominate\nor displace others. [x]\n\n - Resource competition is the primary driver of conflict in Luuq, with disputes over access to water, grazing land, fertile\nfarmland, and commercial land at the center of inter-clan tensions. Control over revenue streams, such as local\nbusinesses, markets, and the airport, further exacerbates grievances and fuels violence. These dynamics are\ncompounded by climatic shocks, particularly prolonged droughts, which intensify competition over scarce resources.\n\n - Absence of enforcement (the law and local clan agreements) even when agreements are reached (primarily through\ntribal elders) as there is a lack of government capacity and enforcement, allowing tensions and violence to persist. [xi]\n\n - Political instability and weak governance structures, especially at local and state levels, contribute to prolonged\nconflicts and prevent solutions from being implemented.\n\n - Militarization of both local militias and non-state state armed actors (Al-Shabaab) with support from external forces\nsometimes exacerbate the situation. Clan-based militias are often seen as supporting their own community's\ninterests, leading to retaliatory killings linked to clan-based grievances.\n\n - The presence and involvement of non-state armed actors (Al-Shabaab), particularly in the outskirt of Luuq,\ncomplicates peace negotiations and the humanitarian response, as they control certain parts of the region and\ninfluence local communities.\n\n\nBetween July-October 2024, Luuq district recorded three waves of conflicts that displaced over 80,000 [xii] people into the\nneighboring districts because of fighting between government and Al-Shabaab and inter-clan violence fueled by clan militias.\nBy January 2025, displacement figures had risen to an estimated 165,000, marking the highest projected conflict-induced\ndisplacement in Somalia for the first quarter of 2025. [xiii] The separation of communities along conflict frontlines has significantly\nrestricted freedom of movement, with minority groups often facing barriers to accessing assistance in certain clan-controlled\nareas. Furter, this fragmentation impedes equitable delivery of assistance.\n\n\n**The most affected groups** include 1) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) as many of the displaced persons are unable to return\nto their original locations due to ongoing violence and the fear of revenge killings. IDP camps are often settled along clan\naffiliations; 2) Persons affiliated with minority and marginalized groups, whose vulnerability is heightened by social and\neconomic marginalization, lack of legal protections, and the absence of equal political representation in comparison to the\nmajority clans, render them susceptible to exploitation and further displacement. [xiv] ; 3) Vulnerable women and children in IDP\nsettings who face increased risks of violence and exploitation. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence,\nexploitation, and abuse. In Luuq, 92.2 percent of community members interviewed by protection partners, identified women\nas the most at-risk group, highlighting the severe impact of GBV on this population. [xv]\n\n\n**Impact on affected communities**\n\n\n - Prolonged and tertiary displacement as most individuals remains displaced for long periods due to the absence of\nsafe return options, with fear of violence hindering their ability to go back home. The cyclical nature of displacement\nis particularly pronounced in Luuq, where 94.8 percent of respondents interviewed of protection partners reported\nmultiple displacements. [xvi]\n\n - Prevalence of aid diversion due to corruption or clan-based interests. This undermines the effectiveness of\nhumanitarian assistance and increases tensions between communities.\n\n - Increased violence due to ongoing tensions and a lack of peace enforcement and potentially leading to more\ndisplacement and loss of life.\n\n - Distrust in humanitarian aid. There is growing distrust in humanitarian efforts, with accusations of bias in aid\ndistribution. This leads to severe challenges in providing assistance in a neutral and effective manner. [xvii]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the latter half of 2024, Luuq district witnessed a severe escalation in inter-clan violence, with an estimated 35 fatalities\noccurring over just two days in early July. Sporadic flare-ups later in October 2024 claimed at least 9 more lives. In the first half\nof 2025, at least 23 people were killed, including over 10 during intense fighting on 11\u201312 February 2025 and further casualties\nduring renewed clashes on 26 February 2025. [xviii] Between April 2023 and March 2025, ACLED recorded a total of 180 conflictrelated fatalities across the Gedo region. Of these, approximately 60 deaths occurred in Luuq district between July 2024 and\nFebruary 2025, a period of about eight months. This means that roughly one-third (33.3 percent) of all fatalities in Gedo were\nconcentrated in Luuq during a significantly shorter timeframe, highlighting the district as a major hotspot of violence within\nthe region. [xix]\n\n\nNaf Iyo Maal IDP site which hosted 5,000 people was burnt to the ground in July 2024. [xx] Further, the fighting led to the\ncomplete destruction of a key market hub and critical infrastructure, such as shelters, WASH and health care facilities, affecting\nover 100,000 people, including previously displaced flood-affected families and members of the host community. The market\ndestruction disrupted the livelihoods of many traders and residents. Further, protection partners reported the destruction of\nschools and displacement of teachers which continue to deprive children of their education preventing communities to recover\nand regain resilience, thus perpetuating the cycle of poverty. [xxi]\n\n\nAccording to protection surveys conducted by protection partners in Luuq, physical violence (15.1 percent) emerged as a\nprimary risk, followed by theft, extortion and/or destruction of property (13.5 percent). While civilians suffer from in security\nand risk of attacks, women and girls experience the impact differently and are often more affected, facing increased\nvulnerability to violence, including gender-based violence. Minority groups and marginalized communities, including IDPs, are\ndisproportionately impacted by attacks and exposed to recurrent displacement. [xxii] They also experience economic hardship,\nloss and disruption of community facilities. Minority clans in Luuq, are excluded from accessing customary justice systems such\nas _xeer_, limiting their ability to resolve disputes and seek protection. This exclusion contributes to a culture of impunity, where\nperpetrators of rights violations act without fear of accountability.\n\n\nThe limited government presence in hard-to-reach areas controlled by clan militias and Al-Shabaab significantly hinders the\nState's ability to fulfill its primary protection mandate, leaving residents without access to security and safety. Weak\ncommunity protection mechanisms, insecurity, and inadequate justice systems allow perpetrators to act with impunity.\nHistorical claims of land ownership, political factors, and revenge motivations contribute to attacks on civilians. The presence\nof clan militias without proper oversight of State security forces and lack of appropriate measures for civilian protection\nexacerbates vulnerabilities. Additionally, the presence of non-state armed groups and easy access to small arms and light\nweapons are significant triggers of conflict. [xxiii]\n\n\nOther consequences include multiple displacements, family separation, destruction of facilities and livelihood assets, while\nforced eviction due to lack of proper land tenure agreements further displaces vulnerable populations. The humanitarian crisis\ncontinues to worsen as mistrust grows among communities due to discrimination, unequal access to resources, and\nimbalanced community power structures. Social cohesion is severely damaged, leading to community-wide suffering,\neconomic hardship, and lasting psychological distress including trauma from killings, injuries, and displacement. [xxiv]\n\n\nProtection partners continue to record high numbers of grave violations against children, most notably forced recruitment by\nboth state and non-state armed forces and groups. Protection and Solution Monitoring Network (PSMN) [xxv] assessments\nconducted in Luuq at the end of 2024, identified forced recruitment and association of children with armed forces and groups\nas a major human rights violation committed by parties to the conflict. United Nations Secretary General report on Children\nand Armed Conflict notes that armed groups committed 2,283 grave violations in Somalia [xxvi], in which forced recruitment\nconstitutes a major portion of these violations.\n\n\nAl-Shabaab continues to recruit in the areas within their control, including Luuq, often using coercion and forced recruitment\nmethods [xxvii] . According to protection surveys carried out by protection partners, non-state armed actors exploit clan-based\ndivisions, manipulating grievances to advance their agenda, either through indoctrination or by offering incentives. Minority\nclans are particularly vulnerable, as they are frequently targeted due to longstanding grievances and marginalization.\n\n\nThere have also been reports of Al-Shabaab coercing youth who refuse to support their activities, subjecting them to beatings,\nintimidation, and threats that often extend to their families, further heightening the vulnerability of young people. Data\nindicates that 6,843 children have been recruited by Al-Shabaab, underscoring the extent to which recruitment is ingrained in\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the group\u2019s strategy. [xxviii] There have been reported cases of children from pastoral communities being accused of spying by\narmed groups, exposing them to serious protection risks. [xxix]\n\n\nRecruitment spans across all age groups, professions, and genders. Clan militias also engage in recruitment to maintain control\nover their territory, often driven by competition for resources, political influence, and territorial dominance. While specific\nreports on recruitment methods in Luuq are limited, broader patterns across the Gedo region indicate that clan militias, often\nwith the involvement or endorsement of clan elders, recruit children under the pretext of community defense or territorial\ncontrol. This practice places children in Luuq at serious risk of exploitation, as elders and local leaders may play a direct role in\nfacilitating or legitimizing such recruitment. [xxx] Clan-affiliated militia are based within urban centres and IDP sites, posing\nunacceptable risks for civilians and triggering secondary displacements. To illustrate, in late 2024, armed attacks disrupted\nbeneficiary registration exercises, and two off-duty aid workers were killed during clan violence. In the same period, a\nmilitiaman entered an INGO-run hospital and shot a patient from a rival clan.\n\n\nThe most affected categories of persons include children, youth, families, and their community members, administrators (local\nauthority), teachers and children affiliated with minority and marginalized groups.\n\n\nChildren involved with armed groups experience unimaginable forms of violence. They undergo training and are subjected to\nhazardous labour, including participation in combat, which puts them at a higher risk of death, chronic injuries, and disabilities.\nThey may also be forced to participate in acts of torture and killings [xxxi] . Additional consequences include displacement, loss of\nfamily protection, psychosocial distress, radicalization, death or injuries, family separation, and loss of education\nopportunities.\n\n\nAccording to assessments conducted by child protection partners, 72 percent [xxxii] of the new IDP households have children not\nliving with their caregivers, the actual case number of UASC is not readily available due to the gaps in operational capacity of\nchild protection actors in Luuq. 23 percent of families separated cited increased disappearance of children/caregivers in the\nimmediate aftermath of the conflict. Major concern is the absence of child protection service providers in Luuq to support\nwith the case management including reunification of children, all of the three local NGO\u2019s closed down their programs due to\nfunding challenges, however community based child protection workers have documented referred a total of 285 Boys and\n145 girls between ages 8-16 as unaccompanied or separated to child protection actors with operations in other districts in\nJuba land. Children not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk to all forms\nof abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect. Lack of protection especially for UASC\u2019s is fodder for recruitment in to armed\ngroups, sexual violence, neglect, exploitation, and other forms of abuse. Family separation leads to disruption of education\nand school dropouts among affected children. Community members have cited threats of forceful recruitment of children into\narmed groups while in other locations voluntary and involuntary child recruitment in armed groups has increased.\n\n\nThe psychological trauma from separation has lasting effects on children's safety and wellbeing, they face increased risks of\nsexual exploitation and abuse, child marriage, child labour (particularly for adolescent girls), and association with armed forces\nand groups.\n\n\n**Psychological distress**\n\n\nChildren in Luuq are also facing enormous psychological challenges due to the conflict, uncertainty, and overwhelming levels\nof stress. Children are exhibiting symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression due to disruption of their normal routine and a\nsense of hopelessness. Child protection actors operating in Luuq continue to notice and report changes in the behavior of\ndisplaced children since the conflict, with more than half of child protection partners reporting children had become more\naggressive.\n\n\nTwo child friendly spaces were burnt down during the clan conflict, while two other centers were closed for safety reasons.\nThe breakdown of their routines and daily structure, the inability to go to school and spend time with their peer groups, the\nlack of opportunities to just play and be children in a safe place, all further exacerbate the impact of the conflict on their mental\nhealth. The lack of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services is a major challenge as no humanitarian\norganization address this need. An assessment conducted by child protection actors, indicates that 63 percent of 71\ncommunity members interviewed in Luuq mentioned that MHPSS support stands as one of the most urgent needs for displaced\nchildren.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Between July 2024 and May 2025, a total of 4,230 individuals were reached with protection services delivered by Protection\nCluster partners. In the second half of 2024, 1,659 individuals benefited from activities implemented by AMARD, ASEN, ICAN,\nand Trocaire, with Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) services provided by NRC and SHRA, and explosive hazard interventions\nby UNMAS. In the first five months of 2025, 2,571 individuals were supported by AMARD, ASEN, DFS, and Trocaire, alongside\ncontinued HLP services by NRC and SHRA.\n\n\nThe protection services provided included community-based protection, community self-protection initiatives, Psychosocial\nSupport Services (PSS), Individual Protection Assistance (both cash and in-kind), CP/GBV services, supported referrals, and\ncomprehensive protection case management. Among the beneficiaries were forcibly displaced communities from areas\npreviously contaminated by explosive hazards who not only benefited from clearance efforts that made these areas safe for\nuse but also received awareness training on explosive ordnance risks.\n\n\nDisplaced persons received support to secure their Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) rights, acquire secure tenure documents,\nand access training on HLP issues aimed at preventing evictions. Overall, the assistance reached 912 girls, 716 boys, 1,702\nwomen, 596 men, and 304 elderly persons, including 406 persons with disabilities (PWDs).\n\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND JUBALAND STATE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n - Increase engagement and efforts to address existing grievances, enforce peace agreements and prevent further\nescalation of violence and displacement.\n\n - Implement measures to dismantle barriers imposed along clan lines, promote inclusive dialogue among clans to\nreduce tensions, and strengthen security in conflict-prone areas. Enhance presence, monitoring and protection\nmechanisms to safeguard civilians\u2019 rights to access their homes, markets, and services without discrimination.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Ensure humanitarian assistance is delivered in accordance with humanitarian principles, with clear guidelines to\nmaintain neutrality and prevent exacerbating clan divisions and tensions and exclusion of marginalised and minority\ngroups\n\n - Issue clear directives on how to engage with non-state armed actors including the parties to the conflict in a conflict\nzone to ensure the safety and impartiality of humanitarian efforts\n\n - Engage local communities, including women\u2019s groups and elders, to foster peace and dialogue is essential to address\nunderlying grievances and reduce tensions.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Allocate targeted funding to support community-led peacebuilding efforts that foster inter-clan dialogue and\nreconciliation in Luuq. In parallel, investing in equitable livelihood programs, accessible to all clans will help address\nunderlying resource competition, reduce tensions, and promote lasting social cohesion.\n\n\n**RISK 2** Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects\n\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND JUBALAND FEDERAL MEMBER STATE**\n\n\n - Strengthen access to justice and accountability mechanisms to uphold civilian protection and deter violations,\nincluding through reinforcing formal and traditional justice bodies to ensure victims of unlawful killings, attacks on\ncivilians, and other grave violations can access redress and compensation.\n\n - Establish or strengthen independent mechanisms to investigate and prosecute violations of IHL and IHRL, ensuring\naccountability for perpetrators and deterring future abuses. Simultaneously, establish robust oversight of security\nforces and armed actors to ensure adherence to IHL/IHRL and to prevent the misuse of force and unlawful destruction\nof civilian property and civilian objects protected under IHL, particularly in civilian-populated areas.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Conduct capacity building of the government bodies on civilian protection and property rights to enhance protection\nmeasures and security arrangements to protect civilians and prevent attacks.\n\n - Strengthen community-based protection/community self-protection mechanisms and support inclusive community\nprotection structures.\n\n - Address the specific needs of women and girls and marginalized and minority communities to advance their rights,\nincluding through tailored interventions which secure access to healthcare, education, economic opportunities and\njustice\n\n - Negotiation for access and protection outcomes by humanitarian actors to safeguard the civilians from human rights\nabuse and ensure their basic rights are respected.\n\n\n**RISK 3** Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.\n\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND JUBALAND FEDERAL MEMBER STATE GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n - Strengthen peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts and promote transitional justice specifically for children.\n\n - Support disarmament demobilization and reintegration programs for children formerly associated with armed forces\nand groups, including those involved in the armed conflict.\n\n - Ensure full compliance with Somalia\u2019s obligations under international and national law by strengthening national and\nlocal mechanisms to protect children from all forms of violence, abuse, and neglect, in line with international human\nrights and humanitarian law standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Convention against\nTorture, and the Convention on Civil and Political Rights which Somalia is a Contracting Party to.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Conduct sensitization and awareness strategy on child recruitment, their use in armed conflict, and forced\nrecruitment, to create a protective environment for all.\n\n - Promote the piloting of a _Civilian Self-Protection Strategy_ to equip communities with the tools to prevent, reduce and\nmitigate protection risks through strengthening their own civilian self-protection approaches.\n\n\n**RISK 4** Children and forced family separation\n\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND JUBALAND FEDERAL MEMBER STATE**\n\n\n - Strengthen the legal frameworks on the mitigation and accountability for children and forced family separations.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Enhance access to response services while strengthening community and family-based care for separated and\nunaccompanied children.\n\n - Activate and strengthen community early warning systems and develop robust contingency plans with stakeholders.\n\n - Promote joint advocacy and awareness on the impacts of forced family separation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\n[i See inter alia PSMN flash alerts available at: Country - Somalia, see also: Somalia | OCHA and RNA reports conducted in Galmudug, Puntland, and Jubaland,](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/som)\n\n[see also: Somalia - iMMAP Inc.; OCHA analysis: PSMN reports/flash alerts, available at: Country - Somalia, field reports from protection partners/ I/NGOs](https://immap.org/somalia/)\ncovering various regions across Somalia, such as MCAN (Middle Shabelle), IMC(Middle Shabelle), Trocaire (Luuq/Gedo region), Ayub NGO (Lower Shabelle)\nSEDHURO (Luuq/Gedo region), and CEDA (Luuq/Gedo region), NRC, Galmudug Commission for Refugees and IDPs (Galmudug), GCEPD (protection partner\n[in Galmudug). See also: Multi-hazard Displacement Projections Quarter 2 (April-June 2025) - Somalia | ReliefWeb.](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/multi-hazard-displacement-projections-quarter-2-april-june-2025#:~:text=In%202025%2C%20Somalia%20is%20prioritizing,displacements%20are%20projected%20to%20occur.)\n\nii [Document - Flash Alert_16_Escalating Clan Conflict and Insecurity in Luuq District, Gedo Region, Jubaland, Somalia](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111693)\n[iii https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111970](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111970)\niv Ibid\nv This is a conservative estimate, see for example Protection and Solution Monitoring Network (2024). UNHCR Somalia PSMN Displacement and Protection\n\nInformation - Region Level Dashboard - Dec 2024.pdf.\n[3 NRC/UNHCR (2025): Protection and Conflict Sensitive Analysis in Somalia. Protection and Conflict Sensitive Analysis in Somalia - Somalia | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/protection-and-conflict-sensitive-analysis-somalia)\nvii NRC/UNHCR (2025) Access to Land and Tenure Documents: A Situational Analysis of Minority Groups in Southwest, Jubbaland, and Puntland States of\n\n[Somalia. minority-access-to-land-and-tenure-documents-in-puntland-jubaland-and-southwest-states-somalia.pdf](https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/access-to-land-and-tenure-documents-a-situational-analysis-of-minority-groups-in-southwest-jubaland-and-puntland-states-somalia/minority-access-to-land-and-tenure-documents-in-puntland-jubaland-and-southwest-states-somalia.pdf)\nviii Somalia 2025: Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan. https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-2025-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-hnrp\nix Ibid\n[x See Disrupting al-Shabaab\u2019s hold on Mogadishu\u2019s economy | Global Initiative, April 2025, available at: Disrupting al-Shabaab\u2019s hold on Mogadishu\u2019s](https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/disrupting-al-shabaabs-hold-on-mogadishus-economy/)\n\n[economy | Global Initiative, see also Overcoming Reintegration Barriers for Former Al-Shabaab Members in Somalia, February 2025, available at:](https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/disrupting-al-shabaabs-hold-on-mogadishus-economy/)\n[Overcoming Reintegration Barriers for Former Al-Shabaab Members in Somalia No.17 (February 2025) - Somalia | ReliefWeb, See moreover, Somalia:](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/overcoming-reintegration-barriers-former-al-shabaab-members-somalia-no17-february-2025)\n[Impact of Clan Conflicts, Marc 2025, available at: 20250319_ACAPS_Crisis_Impact_of_clan_conflicts_in_Somalia.pdf](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20250319_ACAPS_Crisis_Impact_of_clan_conflicts_in_Somalia.pdf)\nxi Ibid.\n[xii Protection and Solutions Monitoring Network](https://prmn-somalia.unhcr.org/dashboard/displacement-report)\n[xiii DTM projections, Somalia January 2025](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNzFiNjE2NzYtOWI1OS00Y2MzLWI3NmQtMzI0MGRhNjY4ODgyIiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9)\n[xiv See Assessment Report on Minority Groups \u2013 Somalia 2025, available at: Assessment Report on Minority Groups \u2013 Somalia 2025 (February 27, 2025) -](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/assessment-report-minority-groups-somalia-2025-february-27-2025)\n\n[Somalia | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/assessment-report-minority-groups-somalia-2025-february-27-2025)\n[xv NRC/UNHCR (2025): Protection and Conflict Sensitive Analysis in Somalia. Protection and Conflict Sensitive Analysis in Somalia - Somalia | ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/protection-and-conflict-sensitive-analysis-somalia)\nxvi Ibid.\n[xvii Somalia and Somaliland Quarter 4 2024, TalkTo's Top-New Website](https://talktoloop.org/blog-posts/somalia-and-somaliland-quarter-4-2024-report-extended)\n[xviii Somalia: Conflict in Luuq District, Jubaland State Flash Update No.1 (as of 23 October 2024) | OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/somalia/somalia-conflict-luuq-district-jubaland-state-flash-update-no1-23-october-2024)\n[xix EUAA, March 2025: Country of Origin Information:Country of Origin Information: Somalia: Security Situation](https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2025-05/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_Situation.pdf)\nxx See various articles published by reputable and objective local media outlets, corroborated through protection engagement with affected communities\n\nand verified humanitarian assessments by UN OCHA and Community Based organisations. These sources collectively provide credible information on\nrelated casualties in Luuq. Sources include Shabelle Media, Hiiraan Online, Mustaqbal Media, AllAfrica, NAPAD (CBO) and UN OCHA reports.\n[xxiSee inter alia Somalia: Conflict in Luuq District, Jubaland State Flash Update No.1 (as of 23 October 2024) - Somalia | ReliefWeb,](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-conflict-luuq-district-jubaland-state-flash-update-no1-23-october-2024)\n\n[20250319_ACAPS_Crisis_Impact_of_clan_conflicts_in_Somalia.pdf, see also EUAA Country of Origin Information:Country of Origin Information: Somalia:](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20250319_ACAPS_Crisis_Impact_of_clan_conflicts_in_Somalia.pdf)\n[Security Situation, March 2025](https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2025-05/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_Situation.pdf)\nxxii Protection monitoring conducted by Protection Cluster partners (AMARD, LIDOSOM) in Luuq and nearby villages of Yurkud, Neefso, Elbon, Haruba,\n\nDulmurax, Ceeldamer and Bashiiro where the affected communities sought refuge.\nxxiii Key informant interviews conducted by Protection Cluster partner (AMARD) in Luuq.\nxxiv Somalia and Somaliland Quarter 4 2024, [TalkTo's Top-New Website](https://talktoloop.org/blog-posts/somalia-and-somaliland-quarter-4-2024-report-extended)\nxxv Protection and Solution Monitoring Network (2024). UNHCR Somalia PSMN Displacement and Protection Information - Region Level Dashboard - Dec\n\n2024.pdf.\nxxvi Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary General: file:///C:/Users/KIM/Desktop/Annual%20Report%20SG.pdf\nxxvii Reports by Protection Cluster partners (AMARD, LIDOSOM), **see also** EUAA Report on Persons fearing recruitment by Al-Shabaab, 2023\n\n[https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/33-persons-fearing-recruitment-al-shabaab](https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/33-persons-fearing-recruitment-al-shabaab)\nxxviii Grave Child Rights Violations in Somalia: Statement by the Group of Friends of Children Affected by Armed Conflict (CAAC) of Somalia:\n\n[https://www.unicef.org/somalia/press-releases/grave-child-rights-violations-somalia](https://www.unicef.org/somalia/press-releases/grave-child-rights-violations-somalia)\nxxix Focus Group Discussions with protection partners operating in Luuq\n[xxx EUAA, March 2025: Country of Origin Information:Country of Origin Information: Somalia: Security Situation](https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2025-05/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_Situation.pdf)\n[xxxi Children Recruited by Armed Forces and Groups: https://www.unicef.org/protection/children-recruited-by-armed-forces](https://www.unicef.org/protection/children-recruited-by-armed-forces)\n[xxxii CPAoR situation monitoring report Microsoft Power BI](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiM2M4YWUyNjgtMmNhNS00NjdmLTkwY2QtYjkyNzQ0NWM3MDQwIiwidCI6ImY0ZWNlMzE5LTZkMjktNDE0OC1hMzk3LTYzYWZhMzdkYmYxMSJ9)\n\n\n**Methodology:** this PAU represents a joint analysis undertaken by the Protection Cluster, its Areas of\nResponsibility, and Protection Cluster partners operating in Luuq district. The methodology prioritized field-based\nprimary data collection through regular community consultations and direct observation, complemented by review\nof secondary data. The Protection Cluster carried out risk-based analysis through the Protection and Solutions\nMonitoring Network (PSMN). All analytical processes strictly adhered to Global Protection Cluster standards.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PSMN flash alerts", - "confidence": 0.7971609830856323, - "start": 10, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Country - Somalia", - "confidence": 0.684216320514679, - "start": 16, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.759614884853363, - "start": 161, - "end": 162 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-hazard Displacement Projections Quarter 2", - "confidence": 0.8389018177986145, - "start": 154, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ReliefWeb", - "confidence": 0.6372809410095215, - 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"start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7113518714904785, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement and Protection Information", - "confidence": 0.8228145241737366, - "start": 809, - "end": 813 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Somalia PSMN", - "confidence": 0.6726014018058777, - "start": 806, - "end": 809 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.910072922706604, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9048352241516113, - "start": 785, - "end": 786 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "of Children Affected by Armed Conflict", - "confidence": 0.508743405342102, - "start": 900, - "end": 906 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8383181691169739, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.6965632438659668, - "start": 929, - "end": 930 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Solutions\nMonitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.7010807394981384, - "start": 1034, - "end": 1039 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "risk-based analysis", - "confidence": 0.5583969354629517, - "start": 1030, - "end": 1032 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e0ab7d0-d8e7-5ade-811a-41f1b2b94dd3/pau25_protection_analysis_update_somalia_luuq_june2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_85/raw/doc_85_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_85/raw/doc_85_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 237462a495a59ed5d5fc4b07ec3df17870d858ce..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_85/raw/doc_85_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,446 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 137**\n\n# **In the absence of the humanitarian gaze:** **refugee camps after dark**\n\n**Pia Vogler**\n\nQueen Elizabeth House,\nOxford University\nUnited Kingdom\n\nE-mail: pia.vogler@qeh.ox.ac.uk\n\nDecember 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nNight-time is scarcely discussed when it comes to the analysis of life in refugee\ncamps. Around the world, humanitarian aid agencies\u00b4 access to camp sites is often\nlimited to traditional office hours. Aid officials\u2019 presence may be limited by offical\ncurfews. Aid workers may retreat from camps for socializing and rest.\n\n\nAt night-time, refugee settlements \u2013 almost _terra incognita_ - elicit ambiguous\nsentiments among those who eschew them. Aid workers often see refugees\u2019 nocturnal\nactivities as merely physical (e.g. sleep and sexual relationships). They also point to\nincreased dangers at night-time, and may use these to justify personal withdrawal.\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, this paper [1] makes a first attempt to shed light on nocturnal life\nin and around refugee camps. Most of the data used here stems from anthropological\nfieldwork with Karenni refugee and forced migrant youth in and around a refugee\ncamp close to Mae Hong Son (Northern Thailand). I conducted this fieldwork during\nJanuary and February 2006 as a preliminary study for my doctoral dissertation project.\n\n\nDuring the course of this research, I had only one opportunity to participate in a\nnocturnal event within the camp and thus relied largely on the accounts of my\ninterlocutors (some of whom I regularly met during the hours of darkness outside the\ncamp) to form a picture of the time from dusk until dawn in and around refugee\ncamps. While the majority of research participants consisted of refugee and forced\nmigrant youth roughly between the ages of 17 and 25, the information presented in\nthis paper is also based on the testimonies and accounts of adults working and/or\nliving with these young people.\n\n\nBesides the data originating from this case study, this text draws together findings on\nforced migrants\u00b4 nocturnal lives in different geographical settings. Since this research\nis a work-in-progress, this paper does not purport to offer an authoritative picture of\nnocturnal camp life, but rather hopes to instigate discussion that might shape further\nresearch directions.\n\n\nThe paper begins by stressing the importance of scrutinizing night-time, whether in\nrelation to forced migration or in social research, more generally. This is followed by\na presentation of preliminary research findings with regard to the impact of nightfall\non the lives of refugees and forced migrants, in particular, social relations; physical\nsecurity; mental well-being; and livelihood provision after dark.\n\n\nThe paper concludes by suggesting that exploring nocturnal aspects of refugee camps\nand settlements might not only reveal new insights into refugees\u00b4 livelihood strategies\nand coping mechanisms during the night, but also improve our general understanding\nof social life in refugee camps and settlements.\n\n\n1 I wish to thank Brigitte Steger, Rosalie Metro and Bridget Craig Robinson for their comments on\nprevious drafts of this paper.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "anthropological\nfieldwork", - "confidence": 0.8776500225067139, - "start": 155, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9132858514785767, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Karenni refugee and forced migrant youth", - "confidence": 0.7358033657073975, - "start": 158, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case study", - "confidence": 0.935380756855011, - "start": 317, - "end": 319 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "forced migrants", - "confidence": 0.7118852734565735, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "preliminary research findings", - "confidence": 0.6172972321510315, - "start": 403, - "end": 406 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and forced migrants", - "confidence": 0.5501072406768799, - "start": 417, - "end": 421 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Why focus on night-time?**\n\n\nAlthough nocturnal life differs in many respects from social life during the day, it is\nhighly under-researched, and the daytime appears to be perceived as the standard for\nhuman existence within social and historical studies (Ekirch 2006: 347, Steger and\nBrunt 2003: 5-7). Anthropologist Lodewijk Brunt even uses the neologism\n\u201cdiecentrism\u201d to describe the long lasting night-blindness within the social sciences\nand humanities (Steger and Brunt 2003: 5). Only recently have anthropologists\nstarted suggesting that bringing different night cultures under scrutiny might not only\nprovide new evidence on nocturnal phenomena, but also on socio-cultural life during\nthe day (e.g. Steger and Brunt 2003, Schnepel 2006).\n\n\nThe few accounts focusing on social life from dusk until dawn have mostly been\nconcerned with elite or bourgeois members of Western and/or industrialized societies.\nThis scholarly ignorance of the economically disadvantaged, as well as of rural\nsettings is based on two widespread presumptions. First, scholars followed the\nlongstanding presumption that nothing of pertinence would occur in poorer\nhouseholds [2] (Ekirch 2006: xxv).\n\n\nSecond, there exists the assumption that electric lighting \u201crevolutionized\u201d night-time\nby expanding the scope of possible human activities beyond nightfall (e.g. Alvarez\n1995, Melbin 1978 and Schl\u00f6r 1998). Yet, whilst the impact of artificial light on\nnocturnal life is indisputable, no proportional relationship between the qualities of\nnight-life and a particular type of illumination can be established (Steger 2004:43).\nDespite this insight, simplistic images of nocturnal behaviour in poor regions with\nlimited or no access to electricity continue to be conveyed.\n\n\nThis also holds true for discussions on refugees\u00b4 and forced migrant\u2019s social lives.\nWhile there exists a whole range of anthropological studies on refugee camps and\nsettlements, I have identified few discussions of the impact of nightfall on these social\nsettings. Most of these references relate to particular incidents of violence and\ninsecurity without discussing other aspects of camp life after dark.\n\n\nOne exception is Marion Fresia\u00b4s study on Mauritian refugees in Senegal, in which\nshe offers a sustained ethnographic description of the nocturnal gatherings of mostly\nmale refugees. Under the shelter of darkness, these _veill\u00e9es nocturnes_ used to function\nas frames for the secret planning of political activities in the past, while today they\nmerely serve as convivial meetings (Fresia 2005:255-260).\n\n\nThis research gap is not so surprising when taking into account the methodological\nchallenges accompanying any anthropological endeavour in regards to refugees\u00b4\nnocturnal activities: camps are generally difficult to access without the support of\nother actors who, for example, provide a lift in their vehicles to often isolated camp\nsites. If aid workers leave camps after dark, researchers are most probably requested\nto exit the camp in their company.\n\n\n2 For exceptions see, for example, Jean Vernon\u2019s study on the night in medieval France (Verdon 1994)\nand A. Roger Ekirchs\u00b4 account on the history of the nighttime in Europe during the early modern area\n(Ekirch 2006).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "However, refugees are not only residing in camps, but also in other spaces that would\nallow for nocturnal research. Fresia, for instance, conducted her ethnography in a\nrefugee settlement that was accessible around the clock and thus also rendered the\nobservation of nightlife feasible. However, what appears even more pertinent is\nFresia\u00b4s interest in things nocturnal that stirred her to attend social gatherings after\ndark. In other words, by eschewing widespread simplistic assumptions about nightlife\nin poor settings, she witnessed aspects of social life that most humanitarian aidworkers and researchers tend to neglect.\n\n\nThis research paper suggests that refugees make an active use of evenings, nights and\nearly morning hours. In fact, refugee camps and settlements after dark actually do\nallow for a wider range of social activities than sleeping or sexual relations.\nMoreover, nocturnal hours in camps are likely to reinforce differences and injustices\nexperienced during the day; on the other hand, they also provide opportunities for\ninteractions and projects that are less feasible in a diurnal setting.\n\n\n**Social relations and sociability after dark**\n\n\nDarkness might impact on social relations and hierarchies. The evenings and early\nnight hours may actually bring those members of the refugee community together\nwho are separated during the day. These can be families, friends and lovers within the\ncommunity, but also refugees and security personnel. Furthermore, certain actors\nmight only leave their bamboo huts under the shelter of darkness. At the same time\nthe night separates refugees from diurnal actors such as humanitarian aid workers and\nclerical staff.\n\n\nIn regards to this nocturnal union or segregation of social groups, the imposition of\ncurfews as artificial markers of nightfall merits special attention. At the Thai-Burma\nborder, humanitarian aid workers must leave camp-sites by 6 p.m., while refugees\nhave to respect an internal curfew set at 9 p.m. The latter regulation \u2013 literally a\n_couvre-feu_ - clearly aims at curbing nocturnal traffic by requiring camp residents to\ncover open fires and to keep silence within their housings.\n\n\nThus \u201cnight-time\u201d starts at different hours for different persons. And while curfews\nindeed stem the mobility of refugees and others, the findings of this research suggest\nthat most actors involved are also able to circumvent regulations in order to pursue\ntheir respective night-time activities.\n\n\n_\u201cFor some must watch, while some must sleep_ _[3]_\n\nWith the imposition of a curfew, humanitarian aid-workers, higher officials and other\nforeigners usually leave campsites at day\u2019s close. Once these diurnal actors have left,\nthe remaining authority is camp security [4] and Thai paramilitary ( _or sor_ ) that are\n\n\n3 William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act III Scene II\n4 The two Karenni camps at the Thai-Burma border are administrated by one Karenni Refugee\nCommittee (KnRC) and one Camp Committee (CC) per camp. It is the responsibility of the CC to\nnominate security officers with similar functions to a national police force. Thus, the camp security\npersonnel is charged with the enforcement of camp rules and the restoration of order. Furthermore,\nthese officers are expected to report civil, administrative and criminal cases to the camp judiciary. (da\nCosta 2006:20)\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "respectively representing Karenni and Thai authority. Camp security is staffed by\ncamp residents, while _or sor_ paramilitaries are Thai nationals.\n\n\nIn theory, both parties are supposed to report any security incidents respectively to the\nCamp Committee, the assistant district officer ( _palat_ ) or to UNHCR, and it is these\nparties who are responsible for the subsequent transmission of severe cases (e.g. rape\nand murder) to Thai legal authorities. Whilst there exist various circumstances that\nsubvert this procedure (see da Costa 2006), nightfall marks an automatic shift of\npractical authority on a quotidian basis. With higher ranking officials and aid-agency\nstaff sleeping in Mae Hong Son or (in the case of the Camp Committee) within the\ncamp, fewer and lower-ranking officials are temporarily in charge of decisionmaking. Although the regulation of immediate communication appears to be upheld at\nnight, in practice supervisors are not informed about relevant incidents before the\nmorning hours (COERR, email-correspondence, 1 June 2006).\n\n\nBeing the first to react immediately to and decide upon further handling of incidents,\nnocturnal watchmen bear a great deal of responsibility. Moreover, despite the fact\nthat both camp security and _or sor_ paramilitaries are charged to guard the campsites,\nrefugees report seeing few _or sor_ on patrol. According to the Thai NGO COERR\n(Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees), it is mostly the refugee-guards\nwho encounter incidents, report to the _or sor_ and detain individuals with the\nknowledge of Thai sentries. (COERR, email-correspondence, 1 June 2006) This\nobservation is interesting, as it indicates an unintended hierarchy and division of\nlabour between the two guarding parties.\n\n\nThe relation between refugees and these nocturnal surveillance bodies is rather\nambiguous. Concerning their protection potential, feelings of contempt in regards to\nthe _or sor_ paramilitaries surfaced during group discussions with refugee youth. One\nresearch participant recalled the great feeling of insecurity among the refugee\ncommunity during an evening shelling in 2005. When asked about the role of the Thai\nparamilitaries during this incident the youth smilingly stated, \u201cthe Thai soldiers\nshould protect us but now they are living with us!\u201d thus provoking general amusement\namong his peers (Group discussion, post-ten school, 21 February 2006). Yet,\naccording to another research participant, refugees do use camp security personnel\nwhen they feel annoyed by drunkards or persons who otherwise cause disturbance at\nnight (Julian [5], personal communication 21 January 2006).\n\n\nConversely, during a Protection Working Group [6] meeting, a refugee section leader\nreported that camp security complained about alcohol-intoxicated youth not\nrespecting the orders of night watchmen. Furthermore, according to the guards\u00b4\nstatement, youth appear to counter the sentries\u00b4 discourses with reference to their\n\u201crights\u201d. This account was enhanced by a colleague who equally argued that human\nrights training causes community members to claim these \u201crights\u201d when entering in\nconflict with camp authorities (Protection Working Group, 16 February 2006).\n\n\n5 All names of research participants are pseudonyms. All direct quotations are verbatim and derive\nfrom essays and interviews conducted in English.\n6 Protection Working Groups meetings are a UNHCR-initiative to gather on a monthly basis\nrepresentatives of NGOs, the CC and other stakeholders in order to discuss protection related issues\nwithin the camp.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Group discussion", - "confidence": 0.7783508896827698, - "start": 403, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "post-ten school", - "confidence": 0.5739883780479431, - "start": 406, - "end": 408 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.9372528791427612, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.9248536825180054, - "start": 360, - "end": 361 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8065775632858276, - "start": 309, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These testimonies not only illustrate the ambivalent relation between refugees and\nnocturnal surveillance bodies, but also hint at possible shortcomings of diurnal\nprogrammes in human rights education.\n\n\n_Oh, pleasant eventide! Confidence, romance and mirth after dark_\n\n\nWhile nightfall in the camp separates certain actors, it reunites others.\nNotwithstanding the importance of curfews to formally regulate activities within the\ncamp, work and socialising occupy many families beyond curfew-hours.\n\n\nRefugees normally rise at dawn and start working. After the completion of domestic\nchores, refugee children and youth spend several hours either in schools or\nworkshops, earning money or hanging out with peers. Women are highly industrious\n\n- for example, foraging food in the jungle, fetching water, feeding livestock, brewing\nrice-wine, etc. Male adults were involved in tasks such as construction work and\nwoodcutting.\n\n\nThus, whether idle or industrious, household members are usually dispersed\nthroughout the camp area during most parts of the day. People tend to reassemble in\nthe early evening before sunset when \u201cdinner\u201d is served. However, this moment is not\nnecessarily associated with general positive sensations among the refugee community.\nFor instance, one research participant, a young single woman, stated rather\ncontemptuously: \u201cI dislike in the evening because all of people come back home and\nmost of children cry and shout. So it noisy for me. I like early morning because it is\nquiet\u201d (Ree Meh, essay dated 17 January 2006).\n\n\nThe hours after dinner signify for many a period of relaxation, a bracket between daily\nchores and community and/or family obligations. Following the accounts of research\nparticipants, these hours are often spent in the company of close friends: women and\nadolescent girls use the twilight to enjoy the company of female friends, while some\nyouth reported visiting friends\u00b4 houses where they play and listen to music, complete\ntheir homework or chat. Others spend their pocket money on movies or karaoke.\n\n\nIn general, the impact of nightfall appears to be different depending on the living\nconditions of individual youth. Those sharing a bamboo hut with senior caretakers as\nwell as those dwelling in a border house seem to return home, whilst for others\nresiding alone or with peers, nightfall does not necessarily mean an interruption of\ntheir evening activities. Once at home after dark, refugee youth recount pursuing\nrather quiet activities such as reading and studying with candlelight or in one case\neven watching TV (COERR workshop, 20 January 2006).\n\n\nBesides drawing together families and friends, the night-time is also perceived as\nadvantageous for courting and other amorous activities. Although the Karenni like to\nwoo through letter-writing, young men are also encouraged to perform songs in order\nto discover the intentions of their prospective lovers and present them after nightfall\nuntil roughly 10 p.m. (Khon 2004: 116). If the courtship is more serious, youthful\nsuitors are allowed to visit girls during evening hours in order to converse with them\nunder parental supervision until midnight. In this respect, male research participants\njauntily reported how they would make strategic use of alcohol in order to placate the\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "spirits of overprotective parents (Oh Thay, personal communication, 13 January\n2006).\n\n\nSome lovers circumvent this official courting procedure by sneaking out under the\nshelter of darkness. Even in the absence of senior vigilance and the possession of\none\u2019s own bamboo hut, unmarried couples prefer (for the sake of discretion) visiting\neach other after nightfall. It is not only Karenni couples that find time together during\nthe nocturnal hours; I also heard repeatedly of secret encounters between Karenni\ngirls and Thai security personnel during the evening.\n\n\nFinally, with regard to sociability within the refugee camp, the night-time allows for\nmerriment including larger gatherings, parties and festivals. Although bigger events\nrequire special arrangements with camp security, watchmen do not seem to curb these\nactivities once merry havoc is on its way.\n\n\nYoung Karenni seem to be fond of all things musical. I enjoyed the guitar playing of\nforced migrant youth during various nights outside the camp and learned that youth\ninside the camp indulge in similar \u201cjam sessions.\u201d Furthermore, two rock bands exist\nwithin Karenni camp 1 where they are occasionally allowed to play in front of a larger\naudience. Organizing such performances is neither an easy nor inexpensive task:\nabove all, the groups are obliged to pay a fee of 1,000 baht for official permission. In\naddition, the musicians have to organise petrol and a generator to supply the\nelectricity which is indispensable for a rock music show (Moo Thaw, personal\ncommunication, 10 January 2006).\n\n\nKaraoke is also very popular among camp youth who readily pay a modest\ncontribution for this enjoyment. During celebrations, the fun extends to on-stage\nkaraoke and fashion shows that demonstrate Karenni youth\u2019s creativity and awareness\nof global trends in pop culture. Anthropologist Sandra Dudley observed evening\nvideo performances organized by senior Karenni authorities. During these occasions,\nblockbuster movies are shown on normal-sized screens in front of hundreds of people\nattracted and fascinated by the flow of exotic images, rather than by the dialogue that\nis difficult to follow (Dudley 2002:17). Video performances on Friday, Saturday and\nSunday nights are a major source of the scarce camp entertainment.\n\n\nDuring fieldwork, I had the chance to observe and participate in nocturnal revelry\nwhen assisting at a camp party organized by the Thai local district officer as\nrecognition for the Thai paramilitary\u2019s work. The celebration was within the camp,\nand participants included (apart from the paramilitary) humanitarian aid workers,\nrefugees, and the inhabitants of neighbouring villages. Curiously, with the exception\nof myself and another senior aid worker, no Westerners attended the party. One\nWestern health worker later explained me that she \u201cnever considered going there\u201d\n(Anna, personal communication, 10 February 2006), while another even reproached\nmy participation by arguing that my attendance would \u201csupport certain things\u201d\n(Rebecca, personal communication, 11 February 2006).\n\n\nThe young woman left me to wonder whether she was alluding to a possible political\nsensitivity related to the event or just the fact that aid workers are not supposed to\nindulge in merriment with the recipients of their services. However, interestingly\nenough, their organization not only sponsored the karaoke equipment for the party,\nbut their Thai supervisor also turned out to be one of the most mirthful karaoke\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "performers! I suspect that the maintenance of cultural distance rather than the\npolitical delicacy of the event discouraged Western aid workers from joining the\nevent.\n\n\nThe venue was set rather at the beginning of the camp zone, close to the military\ncheckpoint at the camp entrance. Upon my arrival at 18.30, I already found a jovial\ngathering of Thais on benches alongside long tables and I subsequently made myself\ncomfortable among the Thai aid workers I befriended. After a while, the already\nintoxicated Thai district officer gave a speech in which he stressed his satisfaction\nwith the UNHCR attending the event for the first time. He then expressed his\ngratitude to the _or sor_ paramilitaries, to aid agencies as well as to the Camp\nCommittee for constructive cooperation with the Royal Thai Government, which he\nwas representing in Mae Hong Son. The speech ended with the official opening of the\nbuffet. While most guests then proceeded to arrange their barbecues, the jaunty\ndistrict officer inaugurated the karaoke equipment by performing a Thai rock song on\nstage, while the paramilitary soldiers joined in by dancing. During dinner, aid agency\nstaff prepared a game in which people were chosen randomly for karaoke\nperformances.\n\n\nFuelled by beer, liquor and barbecue, the refugees, soldiers, villagers and Thai aidworkers joined in merriment after dinner. For the duration of one night, it seemed as if\nthese stakeholders, whose relations are otherwise marked by distance, acted as part of\nthe community. Bearing in mind the exceptionality of this event, the party\nnevertheless neatly illustrated how social relations might change after dark and how\nthose who are strangers during the day can turn into playmates at night.\n\n\nBesides these pleasures, the Karenni also make use of darkness for carrying out\nseveral of their biggest festivities. For instance, during the Kan Htein Boo festival in\nApril, refugees offer their deities beer, rice wine and sticky rice and it is believed that\nthe gods descend to earth at midnight to feast on the gifts. On-stage serenade dances\nand evening singing contests are also an attraction during this festival. Around\nChristmas, Karenni youth participate in carol singing and visit every camp household.\nMembers of individual households rise from their beds and offer the singers whisky or\nrice wine to sustain their singing which may last until 1 a.m.:\n\n\nBy the end all inhibitions are banished and finally you end\nup eating soup or noodles at someone\u2019s house in the\nmiddle of the night. One night someone decided to kill a\nchicken to make us soup. That was at midnight and we\nfinally ate at 2 a.m (Maude, email-correspondence, 24\nMarch 2006).\n\n\nIn respect to festivals and other large gatherings, it should be mentioned that these\nevents are also notorious for incidents of burglary. As these festivities attract most\nmembers of the refugee community, bamboo huts tend to be vacant and watchful\nneighbours absent (Daisy, personal communication, 17 January 2006).\n\n\nThe above observations concerning refugees\u00b4 sociability after dark give proof of the\nrich cultural potential within the community. Whilst some humanitarian aid-workers\nrecognize that merely diurnal interaction with refugees excludes them from various\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "social events, many appear to link the nocturnal camp hours only with danger and\nsecurity issues.\n\n\n**Physical security and mental well-being**\n\n\nChanges in social relations that occur in the camp might facilitate nocturnal security\nthreats to body and spirit, thus urging refugees to devise original ways of coping with\nsuch hazards. Indeed, research on camp security fosters the assumption of the\nexistence of particular night-dangers and suggests that limited monitoring within\ncamps is not only conducive to deviant behaviour among the refugees, but also an\nobstruction to protection activities (Crisp 1999:3, da Costa 2006: 7, Hyndman\n2004:204).\n\n\nDuring fieldwork, informal interviews with refugee youth and adults working with\nthem suggested that camp residents at the Thai-Burma border are at night-time\nparticularly prone to domestic and sexual violence often committed by householdmembers, as well as aggressions by Thai security personnel and drunken fellow\nrefugees. Furthermore, during the dry season (roughly December until April),\nrefugees have reason to fear that fighting between the Burmese Army and ethnic nonstate armed actors might spill over the border to the refugee camp. Moreover, I\nidentified other security concerns related to the permeability of refugee housings and\nthe consequences of \u201cindecent\u201d sleeping positions. Finally, night-time fears related to\nmachinations of supernatural beings also appear to play a salient role among Karenni\nrefugees.\n\n\n_Corporal integrity_\n\n\nDespite the existence of all kinds of nocturnal traffic in camp, it goes without saying\nthat the majority of the camp population uses the night-time for sleeping. As \u201cthe\nfarthest refuge from the throes of daily life\u201d (Ekirch 2006:xxvi) sleep holds decidedly\na recreational function in forced migrants\u00b4 daily life. However, due to the absence of\na waking consciousness, sleeping persons are unable to control their environment and\nare therefore obliged to find means of protection in this heightened state of\nvulnerability (Steger and Brunt 2003: 11, Steger 2004:355). This is even more so\nwhen night-time fears add to insecurity, as might be the case in enclosed refugee\ncamps in unstable border zones. In the light of these considerations, it appears\nworthwhile to consider the corporal security not only of those who are awake, but also\nof those who are sleeping when enquiring about refugees\u00b4 vulnerability and coping\nmechanisms during the night. During fieldwork, particular attention was focused on\nthe organization of sleep within the camp. It indeed transpired that such an enquiry\nhas the potential of revealing valid information on individuals\u00b4 fears and worries, as\nwell as their social relations.\n\n\nSo far, I identified five factors causing worries with regard to corporal integrity at\nnight-time: namely assaults on refugees by camp personnel; exposure to armed\nconflict; domestic and gender-based violence perpetrated by refugees and Thai\nvillagers; the permeability of bamboo huts; and \u2018indecent\u2019 sleeping positions.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research on camp security", - "confidence": 0.8851484656333923, - "start": 61, - "end": 65 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Thai-Burma border", - "confidence": 0.8082149028778076, - "start": 136, - "end": 138 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.7842490673065186, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enquiry", - "confidence": 0.7590563297271729, - "start": 451, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "First, the fear of Thai security personnel assaulting, molesting or seducing refugee\nmen, women and children was repeatedly expressed by research participants and\nfostered by the observations of humanitarian aid agencies. In a group discussion with\nfive refugee girls, it transpired that parents tended to worry if their daughters did not\nreturn home between 10 p.m. and midnight (KnWO, group discussion, 17 January\n2006). This parental fear apparently stems from accounts of Thai soldiers harrassing\nindividuals who stroll around after curfew hours and cases of Karenni girls having\nromantic encounters and relations with Thai soldiers.\n\n\nConcerning young women\u2019s engagements with soldiers, it is possible that some of\nthese cases might consist of sexual aggression by soldiers. However, it has also been\nobserved that girls enter voluntarily into such relations. Thai soldiers obviously hold\nmore economic power than Karenni men, which enables them to impress young\nwomen with \u201cluxurious\u201d gifts. While some girls might doubtlessly hold sincere\nromantic feelings for their Thai partners, others hope their relationships with soldiers\nare a way to exit camp life. This hope, however, is a delusion, since soldiers are not\nallowed to marry camp residents.\n\n\nUNHCR confirms that the behaviour of Thai security staff represents a problem in\nvarious camps alongside the Thai-Burma border. Incidents of verbal and physical\nabuse occur frequently, and in one camp, a drunken security guard allegedly fired\ngunshots in the air thus causing fear among camp residents. According to the same\nsource, Thai security staff reportedly used excessive force against a refugee who did\nnot respect the night-time curfew.\n\n\nThese cases clearly indicate violent transgressions against refugees from security\npersonnel. In this respect, it is also noteworthy, that drunken refugees are also likely\nto provoke nocturnal sentries, as reported by a Karenni security guard (Protection\nWorking Group, 16 February 2006).\n\n\nWhen speaking about nocturnal assaults of security personnel against refugees, it\nshould be noted, however, that humanitarian aid workers might also appear as sources\nof night-time disturbance if not aggression. A manual on registration during\nemergencies suggests that \u201cspot checks involve an actual head count and are best\ncarried out at _unsocial hours like midnight or dawn_ when the majority of people will\nbe in their houses\u201d (Mitchell and Slim 1990, quoted in Harrell-Bond 1997:16, italics\nPV). Referring to implementations of this recommendation, Barbara Harrell-Bond\npoints at the case of a camp in Somalia where a nocturnal intrusion disturbed refugees\nto such an extent that they turned to \u201cretaliatory\u201d violence against the aid workers\n(Harrell-Bond 1997:16).\n\n\nSecondly, in contrast to the somewhat ambiguous role of the Thai soldiers, the\nBurmese Army as well as its ally, the ceasefire group KNPLF (Karenni Nationalities\nPeoples Liberation Front), continue to be perceived as serious threats by the refugee\ncommunity and those working with them. According to a research participant, the\npermanent positioning of Thai soldiers within the Karenni camp might be directly\nlinked to the last big battle between the Burmese Army and the Karenni Army. The\nfighting took place during the dry season, as the absence of rain facilitates Burmese\nsoldiers\u00b4 access to Karenni territory:\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "During that time the sound of gunfire and explosions was a\ndaily back-drop and a curfew was imposed in the camp.\nEvery night everyone had to be home and candles out by\n8p.m. for fear of the Burmese invading the camp (they\nhave done it before so this was not an imagined threat).\nThere was real fear in the camp and the curfew also\nimpacted on study and entertainment. At that stage a\nboarding master refused to take in any new students as he\nwas finding it so difficult to control the boarder students as\nthey were so restless\u201d (Maude, email correspondence, 26\nMarch 2006).\n\n\nDuring group discussion with refugee students, participants started describing the\nfighting at the border and a male student mentioned how insecure he and his friend\nfelt because of the sounds of shelling and gunshots. As a result, many refugees were\nready to leave the camp (Eh Say, personal communication, 21 February 2006). An\nNGO-worker (who was at that time also living in camp) confirmed that the shelling\nwas audible, in particular during the evening and early night hours (Mary, personal\ncommunication, 21 February 2006). Furthermore, in his autobiography, a former\nsoldier and resident of a camp close to Mae Hong Son frequently mentions scenes of\nnight combat or surprise attacks between Karenni and Burmese troops; thus\nconveying the impression that evenings and night-time were indeed the favoured\nperiods for armed clashes and organised assaults (Khoo Thwe 2002).\n\n\nThe above are only a few testimonies, and more research on the impact of armed\nfighting on refugee camps is required. Notwithstanding this limitation, these accounts\nsuggest that fighting does take place during evening and night-time and that this\nhazard might increase refugee\u2019s perception of insecurity.\n\n\nA third fear is domestic- and gender-based violence inside camps and their immediate\nsurroundings. Although often experienced as agreeable, the nocturnal reunion of\nhouseholds can also be tedious if not painful. While these moments can be relaxing,\nthey also bear a high potential of erupting domestic violence ranging from petty\nquarrels to serious acts of violence. This is probably so because members of refugee\nhouseholds, and thus potential perpetrators, are more likely to be together at home\nduring the evenings and at night.\n\n\nIn fact, domestic violence and alcohol abuse are major concerns within the camp.\nAccording to a Thai social-worker, children find it difficult to sleep when they are\nplagued by worries about their quarrelling parents (Thiphawan Teethong, personal\ncommunication, 20 January 2006).\n\n\nDuring the course of fieldwork, refugees never referred explicitly to individual\nexperiences of domestic or sexual violence. It generally appears that speaking about\ndomestic violence remains a taboo subject among camp residents. For example, they\noften hesitate to use the Women Community Center, a shelter house for abused\nwomen. However, silence in problematic social settings is often very expressive in\nitself, and it would be wrong to assume that such incidents are not occurring during\nthe night-time. Indeed, participants of NGO workshops and Protection Working\nGroup-meetings strongly suggest that the camp population does have reasons for\nfearing such transgressions.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Furthermore, when the president of the Karenni Women\u00b4s Organization (KnWO)\nsuggested the introduction of night security personnel for the centre for women, she\nwas questioned as to why such severe measures were needed and argued: \u201cBecause\nwe have material there and maybe also for the women\u201d (KnWO, workshop, 23\nJanuary 2006).\n\n\nAlthough her first concern was related to burglaries, the president also expressed\nconcern for the women. Sandra Dudley describes how during her research stay in a\nKarenni camp, an unknown man repeatedly sneaked into all female households \u2013\nincluding her own - during the night, molesting young women. First attempts to catch\nthe prowler consisted of male youth who moved into the public areas of the chosen\nbamboo houses where - equipped with sticks and stones - they spent the night. Yet,\ntheir efforts remained unsuccessful, and the refugees started to interpret the\nmachinations of the prowler as those of a supernatural being (Dudley 2000: 274). I\nshall revert to this case in the following section on mental well-being.\n\n\nWith regard to sexual violence perpetrated by persons outside the refugee community,\nUNHCR reported the case of a young refugee woman having been raped by a Thai\nvillager upon her way back to the camp in the late evening. Of course, aggressions\nagainst refugees by locals are not restricted to the context of the Thai-Burma border.\nFor example, Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh have been found particularly\nvulnerable at night and during the early morning hours when male household\nmembers venture out to pursue their livelihood through fishing. According to\nanthropologist Thomas Feeny, during the night-time locals sometimes molest\nRohingyas in settlements outside camps by throwing stones at their houses. He also\nmentions cases of Bangladeshi forcing Rohingya families to leave them their\ndaughters overnight or else they faced the threat of denouncing the family to security\nforces (Feeny 2001: 76).\n\n\nFourthly, it emerged that refugees at the Thai-Burma border are further endangered by\nnatural annoyances. Sleeping places inside the refugee camp consist mostly of\nunstable bamboo huts built by the refugees themselves. The instability of the huts\ncannot be linked to weak construction skills of the refugees. Instead, the physical\ncondition of the camp area appears to be a major obstacle for building stable houses.\nHouses are located in the deep jungle on steep hillsides and the designated area does\nnot allow decent space between individual houses. The huts are constructed of\nbamboo provided by NGOs as well as the Royal Thai Government, and roofs are built\nout of leaves. Although the bamboo weakens rapidly and has to be exchanged every\ntwo years, camp residents are not allowed to use other building materials due to Thai\nauthorities\u00b4 fear of refugees depleting local forests (TBBC 2005: 68).\n\n\nDue to their weak structure, the houses are prone to various natural hazards: the\nporous roofs, walls and floors cannot completely protect the inhabitants from the\nsometimes extreme weather conditions in Northern Thailand; be it the oppressive heat\nduring March and April or during heavy and constant rainfalls of the rainy season that\nlasts until October. In particular, during this monsoon period, landslides and falling\ntrees might completely destroy or wash away individual houses. The cold conditions\nof the winter months are also difficult for locals and refugees.\n\n\nGenerally, NGOs provide refugees with blankets, bed nets and plastic sleeping mats.\nDuring exceptionally cold winters, the refugees might also receive knitted blankets.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Used in conjunction, the mats and nets provide an essential protection against wind\nand mosquitoes (as the huts are built on piles, insects can enter through the bamboo\nfloor!). So far the distribution pattern has been one blanket for every two refugees as\nwell as one family size bed net and one sleeping mat per three persons. However,\nchanges of these rates to one blanket per refugee every two years and from family to\ndouble size bed nets are under consideration (TBBC 2005: 70).\n\n\nAccording to my field observations, the actual usage of blankets, mosquito nets and\nplastic mats seems to differ according to refugees\u00b4 economic status. While most\npeople seem to use the sleeping items distributed by aid agencies, well-off refugees\nacquire additional items such as quilts and thicker blankets. These can be obtained\neither through purchase at shops within or outside the camp or by bartering. In\ncontrast, destitute households appear to trade off their own sleeping items for other\ngoods, thus endangering the corporal security of family members during sleep.\n\n\nThe weakness of bamboo huts not only exposes inhabitants to severe climatic\nconditions and malarial mosquitoes, but also to a variety of disturbing noises. These\ninclude sounds of footsteps in neighbouring bamboo-huts, snoring, the waking-up of\nneighbours, and the sounds of wood-cutting in the early morning. Further, one\nresearch participant mentioned that camp residents would call the security personnel if\ndrunkards were too loud (Julian, personal communication, 21 January 2006), and a\nyoung refugee woman reported a \u201ccrazy\u201d woman, who would during full-moon\nnights, sit on the roof of her hut singing the entire night (Ree Meh, personal\ncommunication, 25 January 2006). The noises of pigs, chickens, and roosters in the\nmorning, and noises of frogs during night count as factors of disturbance. While\nresearch participants reported the annoyance of neighbouring noises, it would be\nworthwhile to ask in future research: to what extent the permeability of bamboo huts\nalso provides security, as incidents of domestic dispute and violence are easier for\nneighbours to observe.\n\n\nFinally, the proper arrangement of individual bodies appears to be an important factor\nfor securing corporal integrity during sleep \u2013 the Burmese refugees never sleep naked.\nMore so than their male counterparts, women and girls are expected to cover their\nskin carefully when sleeping. My Burmese co-worker Moe Nyo emphasised the\nimportance of the sarong covering the legs down to the ankles. In order to guarantee a\nmaximum protection, women would use - independent of the weather conditions \u2013 a\nblanket. Should the blanket be removed, female friends or relatives are expected to recover the sleeping person.\n\n\nAccording to Moe Nyo, when men \u2013 apart from husbands - would see an uncovered\nwoman, they would look away, move on and ask someone else to re-cover the body.\nShe also indicated that the sight of such a \u201cmessy\u201d sleeper might appear ridiculous to\nthe onlooker: \u201cIn their heart they will say something. They want to laugh\u201d (Moe Nyo,\npersonal communication, 12 January 2006). In contrast to highly visible places, Moe\nNyo suggests that they can be more relaxed inside their huts. While men and boys\nappear to have greater freedom in choosing their sleeping place and are sometimes\neven sent outside to spend the night on the veranda, girls and women are encouraged\nto seek the privacy of the bamboo hut.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Mental well-being and supernatural belief systems_\n\n\nThe discussion above focused on factors perceived by Burmese refugees as\nthreatening to their physical security. While these fears are merely relating to\nempirical threats such as human beings, insects and weather conditions, there also\nexist supernatural factors that influence refugees\u00b4 mental and spiritual well-being.\n\n\nAnthropologists have been stressing the pertinence of indigenous healing methods for\na long time, and gradually representatives of health studies and psychology have also\nstarted to acknowledge the value of cultural and spiritual belief systems as alternatives\nto Western diagnosis of phenomena such as the famous \u201cpost-traumatic stress\ndisorder.\u201d For example, Eshani Ruwanpura and his colleagues recently raised the\nimportant role of the belief in spirit possession for an understanding of Tibetan\nrefugees\u00b4 understandings of and coping mechanisms for mental distress (Ruwanpura\net alii 2006:190-192).\n\n\nAid agencies also demonstrate serious concern for these issues. For example, in the\nDemocratic Republic of Congo and in other African countries, Save the Children UK\nstresses that \u201cwitchcraft is a real system of belief, rooted in popular mentality\u201d\n(Aguilar Molina 2006:9). In a recent assessment of the needs of displaced persons on\nthe Thailand-Burma border, leading aid agencies noted that the protracted refugee\nsituation has an exacerbating effect on the psychological state of camp residents\n(CCSDPT and UNHCR 2006:5). Following this observation, the report recommends\na focus on community-based interventions that might prevent overall medicalization\nof mental problems. Similarly, Ruwanpura and his colleagues underscore the\nimportance of combining local coping strategies with Western approaches to\ncounselling (Ruwanpura et al 2006: 198).\n\n\nIn Burma, animist beliefs in supernatural beings exist parallel to the official state\nreligion of Theravada Buddhism. In particular, the belief in _nat_ (ghost-spirit) is very\npopular throughout Burma. For instance, anthropologist Monique Skidmore notes,\n\u201cThe boundaries between the many planes and levels of reality are extremely porous\nin Burma, and this is another reason why miraculous events can easily occur\u201d\n(Skidmore 2004: 201-202). Together with witches, ghosts and demons, _nats_\nconstitute a system of supernatural beings that appears to play a salient role in\neveryday life of most Burmese, including the ethnic minorities (Spiro 1996:4, Lee\nLewis 1924:105-107, Ma 1999:77). Clearly, such belief systems are not limited to the\nBurmese. In fact, they appear in many Asian societies where pre-Buddhist beliefs\ncoexist with Hindu, Buddhist, Islam or Christian religions. Although many concerns\nwith regard to supernatural beings centre on both diurnal and nocturnal life, I so far\nidentified three aspects related to such beliefs that are particularly related to the night.\n\n\nThe woman who sang all night during full moons was said by one neighbour to be\npossessed by spirits. During fieldwork, it appeared that one research participant made\nreference to a case of nightly spirit possession. The young woman described how her\nneighbour, a woman with four children, would loiter around the camp during full\nmoon nights. Moreover, the woman is reported to sing during these special lunar\nnights and does so on top of the roof of her bamboo hut (Ree Meh, personal\ncommunication, 25 January). Ree Meh referred to her neighbour as \u201ccrazy woman\u201d\nand added that there are \u201cmany crazy\u201d inside the camp.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "By using the word \u201ccrazy\u201d it appeared as if she was using her moderate English\nvocabulary to explain the woman\u2019s suffering to me. Possibly, the young woman\nreferred to a concept (\u201ccrazy\u201d) she supposed would make sense to me. This however,\ndoes not mean that she translated directly from Burmese, a language in which\nconcepts like \u201ccrazy\u201d might not even exist, as a behaviour like this would usually pass\nas \u201cpossessed.\u201d Indeed, Spiro argues in his study that \u201cbehavior which the Burmese\ncharacterize as mental illness is attributed exclusively to supernatural causes\u201d (Spiro\n1996: 157). Similar observations on the limitations of language and the translation of\nconcepts to express mental illness have been made among Tibetan refugees in\nNorthern India as well as in other studies on indigenous healing methods in Asia.\n(Ruwanpura et allii 2006: 197)\n\n\nIt appears that Burmese refugees perceive ghosts of the deceased as malicious forces\nlikely to pay nightly visits and wake people. For example, Pascal Khoo Thwe\nrecounts his grandfather\u2019s ghost paying his wife and grandchildren a visit (Khoo\nThwe 2002:93-94). Prior to coming to Thailand, he served as a youth officer in an\nethnic army training camp where his sleep was also disturbed by ghosts of buried\nBurmese soldiers (Khoo Thwe 2002:212).\n\n\nIn this respect the further development of the above-described case of nocturnal\nprowling within the Karenni camp is interesting. According to Dudley, two weeks\nafter the first occurrence of night-time intrusions into female households, some\nrefugees claimed that they witnessed a strange, one-legged figure radiating green light\nand producing noises similar to a cat\u2019s yowl. Rumour said that the figure was moving\naround the camp and leaving strange footprints in one quarter of the camp. Gradually,\nmore and more people adhered to the belief that supernatural events were occurring.\nWhile some argued that this was the spirit of a recently deceased woman, others\nattributed the nocturnal unrest to _nats,_ who had been irritated by the refugee\npopulation (Dudley 2000: 274-275).\n\n\nInterestingly, many of those who would usually refute the idea of the existence of\nsupernatural beings increasingly began to consider the possibility that some human\naction must indeed have offended a local _nat._ At this point, the majority of the camp\npopulation was already alert and extremely disturbed by stories of ongoing incidents\nof prowling. Peace of mind was only reinstalled when a senior member of the KNPP\n(Karenni National Progressive Party) ordered the intervention of a shaman (Dudley\n2000:275-276).\n\n\nThis incident leads directly to another point on Burmese refugees\u00b4 belief in\nsupernatural beings and its impact on night-time fears. Several purifying rites to\ncounter the effects of supernatural beings are carried out during the late hours of the\nday in the hope of restoring mental tranquillity; for example, the shaman ordered to\nbring the above-described machinations of the prowling spirit/person to an end, by\nconducting a ritual appeasement and exorcism of bad spirits at the spot where the\nspirit/person had first been seen. The ritual took place around midnight (Dudley 2000:\n276).\n\n\nAnother example is the remedy recommended for calming crying infants who are\nbelieved to be troubled by evil spirits. According to traditional Karenni beliefs, their\nstate can be abated by the dispersal of rice grains at dusk while reciting the following\nverses for the rice: \u201c[\u2026] You rout out the evils. You overpower the disease at\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sundown. You strangle the disease at midnight. You exalt the formation of mankind\u201d\n(Khon 2004:78-79). As mentioned with regard to refugees\u00b4 sociability after dark,\nsome of the Karenni major festivals include night-related rituals aimed at appeasing\nthe gods for the year to come.\n\n\nIn the light of these observations, it might be relevant for future research to pay more\nattention to Burmese refugees\u00b4 belief in supernatural forces and their impact on\nperceptions of danger and insecurity, as well as coping strategies.\n\n\nOn a more general level, but not necessarily related to the Burmese, there exist\nexamples of extreme repercussions of spirit belief that are summarized as Sudden\nUnexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS) [7] . This sudden nocturnal death\nsyndrome has been striking Hmong and other Southeast Asian refugees and migrants\nin their sleep since the 1970s. While the medical discourse refers to an \u201cunexplained\nsyndrome\u201d (Munger and Booten 1998:682), anthropological research with survivors\nsuggests that the phenomenon cannot be disassociated from supernatural beliefs and\nspiritual possessions.\n\n\nFor instance, anthropologist Shelly Adler discusses how the geographical separation\nfrom Laos severely affected ethnic Hmong on resettlement in the USA. After their\narrival in the USA, many Hmong were concerned that their protective ancestor spirits\nwould be unable to leave Laos and undertake the overseas journey with them. This\nperception caused them to feel increasingly threatened by the nightmare spirit. In\ntheir region of origin, such a spiritual dilemma is usually understood as a\nmanifestation of evil spirits that were not fed by the head-of-household as required by\nlocal customs. Usually, these spirits are appeased by resuming religious practices\nexercised by the male head-of-household. However, in the absence of animals for\nslaughter, shamans and the dissolution of clan ties, performing religious duties\nbecomes difficult, if not impossible in exile. Unable to resort to indigenous healing\nmethods, several male refugees felt such extreme distress and this was seen as\nculminating \u2013 in some cases \u2013in sudden nocturnal death. Survivors claimed that a\nforeign body was sitting on their chest preventing them from breathing.\n\n\nTo the Hmong refugees participating in Adler\u2019s study, it appeared to be evident that\nthe deaths of these men were related to their failure to perform religious duties\nrequired by their role as household authorities. Indeed, the lethal potential of\nnightmare visits was unheard of in Laos prior to the Hmong exodus (Adler 1995:\n1626).\n\n\nWhile the experience of nightmares appears to be a universal one, the lethal outcome\nof dreadful dreams and the uncanny perception of ghostly visits is not. Instead, the\nphenomenon of the sudden nocturnal death syndrome seems to relate to Southeast\nAsians\u00b4 geographical detachment from their ancestors\u00b4 lands and ghosts, and the\nresulting spiritual dilemma. In particular, refugees and migrants have been struck by\nthis nocturnal death (Munger and Booten 1998: 682).\n\n\nAgainst the backdrop of the above delineations, I suggest that it would be worthwhile\nto study the impact of the belief in (nocturnal and diurnal) supernatural beings on\nindividual/community suffering and corresponding indigenous healing mechanisms.\n\n\n7 I would like to thank Jeff Crisp for having drawn my attention to SUNDS.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Livelihood provision after dark**\n\n\nIn their paper on sustainable livelihoods, Robert Chambers and Gordon R. Cornway\npoint at two aspects of social sustainability of livelihoods: first a reactive dimension\nconsisting in the ability to cope with stress and shocks, and second a proactive\ndimension relating to the enhancement of capabilities through the adaptation,\nexploitation and creation of change and through assuring continuity (Chambers and\nCornway 1991: 10). With regard to the first dimension, they note that regularly\noccurring stress might originate from diurnal (mosquitoes in the evening, difficult\nnight vision, midday heat) or seasonal cycles. According to the authors, seasonal\nstresses are more significant with regard to the sustainability of livelihoods than\ndiurnal ones (Chambers and Conway 1991:10).\n\n\nWhile this might be true for sedentary populations, that diurnal stresses might equal\nseasonal ones when it comes to the everyday lives of those who cannot rely on a\nstable shelter, such as the homeless (Rensen 2003: 101) or forced migrants residing in\nor hiding outside of refugee camps. Furthermore, due to their delicate legal status,\nrefugees and forced migrants are sometimes obliged to pursue their livelihoods under\nthe cover of darkness.\n\n\nHowever, to my knowledge, no concrete research on refugee livelihoods after dark\nexists. For example, in a book on the economic life of refugees with an entire chapter\non economic survival strategies in refugee camps, no reference is made to night-time\nactivities (Jacobsen 2005: 23-38). Indications to refugees\u00b4 nocturnal livelihood\nstrategies are also missing in a recent EPAU publication on refugee livelihoods (De\nVriese 2006).\n\n\nNotwithstanding this silence, the overall argument of this paper, i.e. the value of\npaying more attention to social life of refugees and forced migrants after dark, also\napplies to enquiries about the livelihood provision of these populations.\n\n\nIndeed, I found that refugees at the Thai-Burma border were socio-economically\nactive during the night. First, the night-time might allow carrying out economic and\nmigratory projects that are otherwise deemed \u201clawless\u201d, \u201cillicit\u201d or more moderately\nreferred to as \u201cnegative coping strategies\u201d. Secondly, as a break from diurnal\nobligations, the night provides refugees with time to spend on personal, not\ncommunity- or household-related tasks, such as intellectual activities.\n\n\nDuring an initial period of fieldwork, I identified nocturnal livelihood strategies\nrelating to trade, migration and studies, and I am confident that an in-depth enquiry\nwould discover many more livelihood strategies after dark.\n\n\n_Trade and services_\n\n\nWithin the parameters of the camp, many refugees engage in trade and household\nwork during evenings and night-time. Activities carried out within the confines of the\ncampsite are not \u201cillegal\u201d and problems are likely to arise when peoples\u2019 activities\nenter into conflict with curfew hours.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For example, some women are reported to earn an additional income by selling selfmade snacks in front of their bamboo huts during the evening hours (Aunty Sally,\npersonal communication, 10 January 2006). Economically well-off refugees with\naccess to one of the few generators available in camp are selling electricity and bulbs\nfor 40 baht per month to individual households. Others make money by displaying\nmovies at night or organizing karaoke events. Movies come from various sources and\ncomprise different genres, ranging from family comedy to pornography. Entry prices\nusually depend on the language of the film: while English and Thai versions are\navailable for only 2 baht, businessmen charge 3 baht for movies in Burmese (Maude,\npersonal communication, 11 January 2006).\n\n\nFurthermore, many household chores are carried out towards the end of the day. Ree\nMeh, for instance, reported that she prefers fetching water in the evening at around\n8.30 p.m. in order to avoid queuing up for water supply early in the morning (Ree\nMeh, personal communication, 13 January 2006). Ree Meh\u00b4s peers agreed on the\nproblems related to water fetching at daybreak and mentioned that some girls and\nboys would even head out at midnight.\n\n\nIn addition to economic activities carried out inside the camp, refugees also use the\nnight to pursue ways of income-generation that require them to leave the camp. It\ngoes without saying that in contrast to the business and chores described above, these\nactivities are more delicate, as refugees are officially forbidden to move outside their\nassigned living area.\n\n\nFor instance, a refugee from Umpiem Mai camp reported that shop owners use the\nnight-time to transport consumer items for resale into the camp. However, these\noperations are not without risk for refugee tradespersons: \u201cI heard that one shop\nowner from zone B in the camp brought some snacks and materials from outside the\ncamp to his small shop at night. Suddenly, the Thai leader and his soldiers came and\nmade the owner of the shop to take back his goods to outside the camp. Things like\nthis keep the price of food high\u201d (Saw Poe Kler Htoo 2005: 7).\n\n\nMoreover, one research participant recounted that during the rainy season many\nrefugees find employment at Thai farms in Mae Hong Son province. For this\noccupation, people tend to get up at midnight. Equipped with rice that has been\nprepared the evening before, they leave the camp during the late night hours in order\nto be on village streets at 3 a.m., where they wait to be picked up by farmers in search\nof daily labour forces. Usually refugees stay there until 10 a.m. and then \u2013 in the\nabsence of any labour demand - return to the camp (Ree Meh, personal\ncommunication, 25 January 2006). Refugees clearly manage to pass military\ncheckpoints either by using alternative jungle routes or with the tacit approval of Thai\nsoldiers [8] .\n\n\n8 According to the UNHCR \u201cdespite the official restrictions of movement from the camps, corrupt\nofficials and local business entrepreneurs joined forces at the local level to exploit refugees for their\ncheap labour and thus allowed them to leave the camps (at the refugees\u00b4 risk!).\u201d (UNHCR, internal\ninformation) In this description refugees appear like passive victims of evil businessman and corrupt\nauthorities. Yet, research suggests that refugees are very much aware of potential risks when leaving\ncamps. However, the incentives for going outside (education, livelihood provision!) are so appealing\nthat many refugees readily trade them against security.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u201cWho dares not stir by day must walk by night\u201d_ [9]\n\n\nDespite official restrictions of their movements, refugees and forced migrants along\nthe Thai-Burma border use migration as a livelihood strategy for a variety of reasons.\nIn these cases, moving at night has above all the advantage of an increased degree of\nsafety. First, inside Thailand, with fewer authorities posted on roads and other routes,\ntravelling during the night appears to be safer than in the daytime according to the\ntestimony of forced migrants (Caouette 2001:112, Khoo Thwe 2002: 208). Moreover,\nPascal Khoo Thwe describes in his autobiography how the difference of day and\nnight-time impacted on him and his friends when they crossed the Burmese jungle\ntowards Thailand:\n\n\nTraveling by night turned out to be the best way of keeping\nterror at bay, because then we could not see the possible\ndangers such as landmines, booby traps, cliffs and awaiting\nguns. It behoved us all the more to watch our steps. [\u2026]\nWe held each other\u2019s hands and moved slowly in the dark,\nsmiling. We desired, above all, a good night\u2019s sleep, but\nthat was not possible. [\u2026] We tried to see each other\u2019s\nsmiles in the darkness. We traveled together at night, but\nstayed apart during the day (Khoo Thwe 2002: 195)\n\n\nThis passage is interesting since it highlights how the night-time altered the\nperception of security threats, thus enhancing the watchfulness of these nocturnal\nmigrants.\n\n\nSpeaking about nocturnal movements of refugees and asylum-seekers, it is also\nnoteworthy that deportation transfers from Bangkok to the border town Mae Sot\nusually occurr during the night. According to UNHCR, the timing of the transfers is\none major obstruction to a more successful monitoring of deportation movements that\nmore often than not result in forced repatriation of urban refugees and asylum-seekers\nto Burma.\n\n\n_Education and study activities_\n\n\nThe hours of darkness also appear to allow many Karenni refugee youth to pursue\neducational and intellectual activities. Research participants mentioned repeatedly\nthat they use evenings and nights for study. In the absence of electric light, most\nstudents use candles for completing their homework. This trend is also reflected in a\nsurvey conducted by the Karenni Student Union according to which candles feature\namong the three items mostly needed by camp students (the other two being hygiene\nproducts and dictionaries) (KSU 2005:# KSU\u00b4s Activities Report). The latest\nUNHCR-CCSDPT draft comprehensive plan addressing the needs of displaced\npersons along the Thai-Burma border urges for \u201clighting, preferably with electricity\nsupply where feasible\u201d to target education and health needs. Furthermore, the\nagencies suggest that electric lighting could be made available through land power\nlines in accessible areas. For inaccessible camp zones, they recommend the usage of\n\n\n_9_ William Shakespeare, King John, I, 1, 172\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7261806726455688, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.828743577003479, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "KSU", - "confidence": 0.8731667399406433, - "start": 447, - "end": 448 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Karenni Student Union", - "confidence": 0.5550556778907776, - "start": 419, - "end": 422 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.8614746928215027, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.9115402698516846, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Karenni refugee youth", - "confidence": 0.5152482986450195, - "start": 369, - "end": 372 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "generators maintained by health and education agencies (CCSDPT and UNHCR\n2006:4).\n\n\nWIth regard to study activities during the evening and night hours, it is also\nnoteworthy to mention that two of the seven Karen refugee camps examined in a\nrecent survey on education, offer alternative schooling through night schools. These\nnight schools are predominantly attended by adult learners as well as children and\nyouth who interrupted their formal educational path (Oh 2006:66). Given the high\npercentage of illiterate adult refugees and the large numbers of school-drop-outs\namong youth within the camps along the Thai-Burma border, it might be productive\nto increase the number of night schools. As refugee youth and adults often stop their\neducation for economic reasons, evening classes might be a realistic alternative for\nthose who are busy with income generation during the day.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nThis paper started out with the assumption that social life in refugee camps and\nsettlements is likely to differ according to day and night-time. This assertion has been\nsupported by anthropological fieldwork in a refugee camp close to Mae Hong Son, as\nwell as by data drawn from other studies and research reports.\n\n\nI am convinced that more explorations of refugees\u00b4 nocturnal livelihood and coping\nstrategies might reveal important information in at least three regards. First, research\non refugees\u00b4 social lives after dark would enhance our understanding of the social and\ncultural life of their communities, thus correcting simplistic imagery of refugees using\nthe night merely for sleep and sexual intercourse. Second, an exploration of the nighttime in camps and settlements would decidedly improve assessments of security\nproblems and help identify and improve existing coping strategies employed by\nrefugees. Finally, this research suggests that a focus on nocturnal stress factors would\ndeepen our comprehension of refugees\u00b4 livelihood provision.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the benefits of fresh insights expected to be gained from researching\nthe night, any endeavour in this direction is likely to be accompanied by\nmethodological challenges and ultimately also raise ethical concerns.\n\n\nFor example, anthropologists studying primarily the social situation of refugee camps\nmay be obliged to negotiate accessibility to nocturnal research settings. Likewise,\nother environments such as impoverished urban neighbourhoods or isolated\nsettlements may be difficult to enter due to urban curfews or lack of transportation\nand/or drivers. Moreover, access to information is not enough when there is no\ngenuine willingness to deliver findings on the night-time. This is not self-evident,\nsince nocturnal research practices do differ from diurnal ones. There would be much\nto say in this respect, but suffice for now to consider the simple fact that researchers,\nlike aid-workers, often follow an agenda that foresees personal leisure time at the end\nof the day. Bartering the hours of private indulgence for fieldwork may not be to\neveryone\u2019s taste.\n\n\nFurthermore, some might rightly point at security concerns after dark. It goes without\nsaying that such threats have to be assessed prior to embarking on research. At the\nsame time it is important to bear in mind that not every curfew actually aims at\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "enhancing security. As suggested in this paper, curbing the nocturnal mobility of\ndifferent social groups can also be a major function of these regulations.\n\n\nThis leads directly to the major ethical concern I perceive in regard to studying the\nnocturnal worlds of refugees and forced migrants, namely the possibility of\nrepercussions unintended by researchers. Portraying refugees and forced migrants as\nlovers, merrymakers or intellectuals may not sit well with donors, policy-makers and\naid workers who have their respective motivations for clinging to the image of \u201cneedy\nrefugees\u201d. In this respect, there exists the risk that knowledge and information about\nnightlife in settings already imbued with social control may be used to justify the\nenforcement of existing surveillance mechanisms. It is thus the responsibility of\nresearchers to find a sound balance between the disclosure of potentially sensitive\ninformation and the presentation of findings capable of challenging existing views on\nrefugees and forced migrants.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/06efde63-c225-3c6f-bb85-223228592be2/46A6173932B33961C1257244002FC1D0-unhcr-refugees-dec06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_850/raw/doc_850_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_850/raw/doc_850_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 27f13878fa373ce7700c20f7223d30498ed76f10..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_850/raw/doc_850_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,454 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_Daily life at the State Garden site for internally displaced people (IDPs) in Malakal, Upper Nile State. In May 2024, the UNS Government, with support from the international community,_\n_developed a Roadmap for Returnees and IDPs (2024-2026) to foster durable solution activities for displaced and affected communities_ _[LINK.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/upper-nile-state-south-sudan-area-based-durable-solutions-roadmap-solutions-strategy-returnees-and-internally-displaced-persons-2024-2026)_\n\n# **SOUTH SUDAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals can significantly contribute to addressing the root causes of the top 5 Protection Risks in South Sudan\n\n#### **MARCH 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\nOut of 11.29 million people of South Sudan (IDPs,\nReturnees, Residents) affected by natural hazards,\nconflict, and displacement, approximately **9.18**\n**million** are exposed to at least one of the top five\nprotection risks, noting that 840,000 are returnees\nand 1.6M are IDPs. During 2024, 379,000 people\nwere newly displaced by flooding, and some\n530,000 returnees and refugees arrived fleeing the\nconflict in Sudan. The country is subject to a severe\neconomic crisis resulting in rampant inflation,\nmaking food and basic goods imports more\nexpensive. The situation is challenged by the\ndramatic drop in oil revenues that has reduced the\ngovernment's capacity to improve the protection\nenvironment. Inter-communal conflict and general\nseasonal insecurities continue to challenge the\npeople of South Sudan including the capacity of internally displaced people to find (re)integration or durable solutions, partly due to\nshifting of resources towards Sudan crisis, and returnee communities yet to find their lives in safety and dignity.\n\n\nThe five most reported protection risks that require immediate attention covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n - **Gender-Based Violence**\n\n - **Theft, Extortion, Forced Eviction, or Destruction of Personal Property**\n\n - **Child, Early or Forced Marriage and Family Separations**\n\n - **Discrimination and Stigmatization, Denial of Resources, Opportunities, Services, and/or Humanitarian Access**\n\n - **Attacks on Civilians and Other Unlawful Killings, and Attacks on Civilian Objects**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nConsidering the compounded effect of protection risks in South Sudan, it is of utmost importance to:\n\n\n- Provide humanitarian assistance and development (re)integration support to Returnees from Sudan, specifically focusing on local\nintegration and peaceful co-existence solutions in Upper Nile and Unity states of South Sudan and Abyei Area.\n\n- The government, as the primary duty bearer, must deliver on its protection obligations towards the people of South Sudan,\nstrengthening national and local systems to prevent, mitigate and respond to violence and end impunity.\n\n- HC/HCT should initiate concrete and operative platforms/coordination to foster the links and cooperation frameworks of\nHumanitarian, Peacebuilding and Development actors, articulating the HDP nexus and result-oriented approach towards inclusive\nand non-discriminatory systems, sustainable solutions, and long-term development assistance, to meet people\u2019s needs, mitigate\nrisks and vulnerabilities, and respond effectively to the rights violations.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | OCT-DEC 2024**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MINIMAL|STRESS|SEVERE|EXTREME|CATASTROPHIC|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Awerial,
Abiemnhom,
Guit, Leer|Rumbek Centre,
Rumbek East, Wulu,
Yirol East, Yirol West,
Koch, Mayendit,
Panyijiar, Rubkona,
Baliet, Jur River|Abyei Region, Kajo-keji, Lainya, Morobo, Terekeka, Yei,
Budi, Ikotos, Kapoeta East, Kapoeta North, Lafon, Magwi,
Torit, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/Pigi, Fangak, Nyirol,
Cueibet, Rumbek North, Aweil South, Aweil West, Mayom,
Pariang, Fashoda, Maban, Maiwut, Malakal, Manyo,
Melut, Renk, Tonj North, Tonj South, Raja, Wau, Ezo, Ibba,
Maridi, Mundri West, Mvolo, Nagero, Nzara, Yambio|Juba, Akobo, Duk, Pibor,
Pochalla, Twic East, Uror,
Aweil Centre, Aweil East,
Aweil North, Longochuk,
Ulang, Gogrial East, Gogrial
West, Tonj East, Twic|Luakpiny/Nasir,
Panyikang, Mundri
East, Tambura|\n\n\n\n**AN OVERALL INCREASE OF SEVEN PERCENT IN SEVERITIES MARKED THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2024 IN SOUTH SUDAN**\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n\n**EXPOSED TO AT LEAST**\n\n**ONE OF THE TOP-FIVE**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n**CLUSTER PIN FOR**\n\n\n\n**HNRP**\n\n**VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE** **FEATURING HIGH** **ONE OF THE TOP-FIVE** **CLUSTER PIN FOR**\n\n**REQUIREMENTS**\n\n**PROTECTION RISKS** **PROTECTION RISKS** **2025**\n## **1,062 80% 9.18M 5.3M $81M**\n\n\n\n**VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE**\n\n\n\n**SSD COUNTIES**\n**FEATURING HIGH**\n**PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n\n**2025**\n\n\n\nDuring the second half of 2024 and moving into 2025, cycles of inter-communal conflict continued, with violence, epidemics, and\nnatural disasters imposing further severe human, social, and economic costs on South Sudan. Civilians continued to be subjected to\nvarious human rights violations, including maiming, abduction, rape, and destruction of their properties. Lives have been lost and the\npopulation displacements within and outside the country remained massive. Close to two million South Sudanese linger internally\ndisplaced, and about the same number are refugees in neighboring countries. Furthermore, close to one million refugees and\nreturnees from Sudan continue to seek a safe and dignified solution to their plight.\n\n\nThe protection environment in South Sudan remained fragile, marked by challenges such as restricted access for humanitarian\nworkers, limited services, and weak protection systems especially in remote areas and critical supply routes. The socio-cultural\nlandscape was obscured by harmful gender norms and exclusionary practices that continue to disproportionately affect marginalized\ngroups, including women, children, persons with disabilities, and other minority groups. Coupled with food insecurity, lack of\nlivelihood, it is often leading to the prevalence of harmful coping mechanisms such as child marriage and child abductions [1] . The\nongoing military conflict in neighboring Sudan has added to the fragile environment and vulnerabilities of people in South Sudan,\nresulting in an influx of refugees and returnees, escalating the demand for protection services. Displaced individuals face heightened\nrisks of violence, exploitation, human trafficking, forced labor, and recruitment into armed groups.\n\n\nPolitical instability, reflected in leadership changes and the postponement of elections until December 2026, has intensified security\nconcerns. Key government positions underwent significant shifts, including within the National Security Service, the presidential guard\nunit, and the state-owned oil company. Violent events, such as cattle raids on the Juba-Bor Road and clashes in various states, have\ndisrupted daily life and supply chains. Criminal activity has risen, further destabilizing the region. Flooding, which has affected over 1.4\nmillion people, especially in Jonglei and Northern Bahr el Ghazal states, has worsened the humanitarian crisis, displaced 375,000\nindividuals and rendered major supply routes impassable.\n\n\nThe South Sudanese economy remains highly unstable. With the continued devaluation of the South Sudanese Pound against the US\ndollar, inflation and economic uncertainty continued to exacerbate the cost of living. The government has struggled with oil production\ndisruptions and despite the efforts to combat inflation, such as taking control of foreign exchange markets and diversifying mineral\nresources, these measures may take years to show results. Civil servant salaries remain unpaid, and unregulated fuel prices contribute\nto heightened insecurity and food shortages. Increased taxes and fees, alongside the proliferation of road checkpoints, are symptoms\nof the government\u2019s attempts to navigate financial difficulties. A growing share of the population lives in poverty and extreme\npoverty [2] . This situation challenges the resilience, especially of agropastoral communities, where 70% of victims have been attributed\nto community-based militias and/or civil-defense groups. [3] This is especially the case in areas that are heavily socio-economically\ndependent on cattle herding sparking high-fatality cattle raids and new waves of conflict displacement. Criminality, insecurity, and\nrising food costs continued to be compounded by logistical challenges, undermined the humanitarian response.\n\n\nDespite these difficulties the Tumaini talks between the South Sudanese government and holdout opposition groups were resumed\nin November 2024 [4] . However, violence continued, notably with cattle raids along key roads resulting in casualties and exacerbating\n\n\n1 Protection Risk Monitoring System in SSD /\n[https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMDg3NThiN2MtYzI4My00OTE0LThhNWMtNjIxN2NhZjQyMDI4IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkM](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMDg3NThiN2MtYzI4My00OTE0LThhNWMtNjIxN2NhZjQyMDI4IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[mFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMDg3NThiN2MtYzI4My00OTE0LThhNWMtNjIxN2NhZjQyMDI4IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n[2 Republic of South Sudan - Poverty and Equity Assessment 2024, World Bank / https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/27def228-c301-](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/27def228-c301-4ecf-a179-eb9647198cce/content)\n[4ecf-a179-eb9647198cce/content](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/27def228-c301-4ecf-a179-eb9647198cce/content)\n3 UNMISS Brief on violence affecting civilians (July - September 2024) / [https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/unmiss-brief-violence-affecting-civilians-july-](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/unmiss-brief-violence-affecting-civilians-july-september-2024)\n[september-2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/unmiss-brief-violence-affecting-civilians-july-september-2024)\n4 The Tumaini Peace initiative talks launched on 9th May 2024 were adjourned for the third time on 7th February 2025.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\ntensions. Additionally, the influx of returnees and refugees, which reached over 886,000 by November, placed immense pressure on\nthe country\u2019s already strained humanitarian systems. Cholera outbreaks, particularly in Renk County, Upper Nile State, Aweil East,\nRubkona and Jamjang, where fragile health systems and population movements exacerbate the impact and spread of cholera and\nstrained the health infrastructure, with over 16,000 reported cases and 325 deaths by the end of 2024 [5] .\n\n\nThe combination of political instability, humanitarian challenges, and economic uncertainty perpetuate the fragile protection\nenvironment in South Sudan. The need for comprehensive protection strategies, economic diversification, and effective governance\nremains urgent as the country faces escalating violence, displacement, and an ongoing humanitarian crisis.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster\u2019s Protection Monitoring (PROMO) Working Group used the protection risk severity assessment based on the\n[Protection Analytical Framework (PAF), through a](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/field-support/Protection-Analytical-Framework) [structured analytical process. The identified risks were contextualized using a](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1858/policy-and-guidance/guidelines/hno-protection-cluster-approach-protection)\nweighted framework that considers the scope of work of humanitarian actors. Based on this, the top five most acute risks in the\ncountry were identified.\nDuring the Protection Risk Assessment conducted in the second quarter of 2024 in South Sudan [6], four counties were identified as\nhaving minimal protection risk, 12 counties were under protection stress, and 43 counties were experiencing severe protection risks.\nAlarmingly, **16 counties** were found to be in a state of **extreme protection risk**, while four additional counties were assessed as **overall**\n**catastrophic** .\n\n\nIn consultation with development partners, the outcomes of the discussions focused on addressing the root causes of displacement\nand aligning the sustainable development goals as core parts of durable solutions to end displacement, bring peace and stability and\neconomic prosperity. Moreover, the linkages between the Sustainable Development Goals, development and humanitarian response\nare critical in ensuring the long-term solutions and not only short-term relief. Consideration of these components in addressing the\nprotection risks and root-causes makes a solid transition from emergency to resilience-building and sustainable development [7] .\n\n\nSince the introduction of PRMS in 2022, genderbased violence (GBV) remains the most critical\nprotection concerns in South Sudan. The scale of\nvulnerabilities is spread across the widest spectrum\nacross society and includes people with particular\nvulnerabilities, among which are the returnees, IDPs,\nwomen, girls, and children. This protection risk is\ndeeply rooted in traditional structures, practices,\nsocietal and tribal inequalities, economic\ndegradation, and weak rule of law and governance,\nand accentuated by the negative effects of climate\nchange. The impact spreads across the communities,\nundermining the peaceful cohesion and fueling the\nviolence rooted in economic, cultural, and\nenvironmental origins.\n\n\n5 [https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/cholera_dashboard/](https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/cholera_dashboard/)\n[6 The Protection Cluster in South Sudan quarterly organizes sub-national workshops with state-level cluster coordination mechanisms to assess the severity of the 15](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/protection-issues)\n[globally recognized Protection Risks](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/protection-issues) at the county level.\n7 Humanitarian SDGs: Interlinking the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Agenda for Humanity, 2019 /\n[https://www.un.org/fr/file/71396/download?token=8h-pniVs](https://www.un.org/fr/file/71396/download?token=8h-pniVs)\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n**Threats and Contributing Factors**\n\n\nThe root causes of GBV are deeply embedded in cultural and social norms that\nperpetuate gender inequality and power imbalances. These norms contribute to\npatriarchal structures that often position men as superior, thereby increasing the\nlikelihood of violence. Lasting economic decay perpetuates poverty and insecurity,\nheightening tensions within gender relations and leading to increased instances of\nsexual and physical abuse. Physical violence is the most reported type of GBV accounting\nfor 32% followed by sexual violence (rape and sexual assault) constituting 29% of all\nreported incidents of GBV in South Sudan (2024 GBVIMS).\n\n\nFurthermore, inter/intra-communal violence linked to border disputes, cross-border\nviolence, cyclical and retaliatory attacks, as well as ethnic polarization remained the\nprimary source of subnational violence, accounting for 83% of survivors of gender-based violence. The weak rule of law and\ninadequate access to justice further enable harmful practices, diminishing accountability for perpetrators. Concurrently, seasonal\nfloods as a consequence of climate shocks, contribute to the displacement of communities, further exposing vulnerable populations\nto GBV-related risks.\n\n\nFinally, limited access to education and information perpetuates some of the cultural narratives that undermines women's roles,\nwhile overcrowding inside the IDP camps and settlements further exaggerates the environment for gender-based violence. Longdistance travel for women and girls, driven by essential family responsibilities on fetching firewood and/or water outside of inhabited\nareas, exposes them to heightened risks of attacks, rape, and other physical abuses **,** particularly in areas lacking sufficient resources\nand social infrastructure.\n\n\n**Main Consequences**\nThe main effects of the GBV in South Sudan are profound and far-reaching, impacting individuals and communities alike. Survivors\noften experience severe psychological trauma, which can lead to emotional distress and, in extreme cases, suicide. The physical\nconsequences are equally alarming, with many suffering from injuries and sexually transmitted diseases. Teenage pregnancy rates\nare alarmingly high, estimated at 30% among girls age between 15-19 years [8], further complicating the lives of young women. Social\nstigma surrounding GBV exacerbates the issue, causing individuals to isolate themselves and marginalize form the community.\nFurthermore, the fear of physical abuse and violence leads many women to avoid certain areas, with many reporting they steer clear\nof places like latrines, markets, distribution points, schools, and firewood gathering locations due to safety concerns. This avoidance\nresulted in school dropouts and limited access to education, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage. Tragically, the consequences of\nGBV can also culminate in death, underscoring the urgent need for intervention and support.\n\n\n**Affected Population**\nAccording to the data collected through the Gender-Based Violence Information Management System (GBVIMS), an overwhelming\n99% of survivors reported are women and girls. The demographics of these survivors reflect a diverse population, with 65% being\nresidents, 16% internally displaced persons (IDPs), 10% returnees, and 9% refugees. Notably, children make up 28% of the survivors,\npredominantly adolescent girls, marking an increase from 23% in the previous year, 2023.\n\n\n**Capacity Considerations**\nIn urban settings, women and girls frequently turn to detrimental coping strategies to earn a living, which stands in stark contrast to\nrural areas where alternative means of livelihood, such as fishing and agriculture, are more accessible. In rural settings, dependence\non livestock for income can also exacerbate instances of GBV especially when girls are regarded as a source of income and can be\nexchange for cattle. Additionally, girls are often regarded as part of the extended family rather than solely as members of the\nimmediate family, leading to a wider familial involvement in matters that impact them, including the economic advantages associated\nwith dowries. However, reporting incidents of violence may provoke life-threatening reprisals against both survivors and their\nfamilies. It is noteworthy that 54% of survivors accessed services through self-referral, while 20% were referred by police and other\ncommunity members, and only 4% received referrals from health service providers.\n\n\n8 UNFPA South Sudan / [https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/topics/adolescent-sexual-reproductivehealth%23:~:text=Sexual%2520Reproductive%2520Health-](https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/topics/adolescent-sexual-reproductivehealth%23:~:text=Sexual%2520Reproductive%2520Health-,The%2520adolescent%2520reproductive%2520health%2520status%2520in%2520the%2520country%2520is%2520poor,aged%252010%252D34%2520)\n[,The%2520adolescent%2520reproductive%2520health%2520status%2520in%2520the%2520country%2520is%2520poor,aged%252010%252D34%2520.](https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/topics/adolescent-sexual-reproductivehealth%23:~:text=Sexual%2520Reproductive%2520Health-,The%2520adolescent%2520reproductive%2520health%2520status%2520in%2520the%2520country%2520is%2520poor,aged%252010%252D34%2520)\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9997883439064026, - "start": 508, - "end": 513 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9984380602836609, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9228513240814209, - "start": 589, - "end": 590 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.909939169883728, - "start": 589, - "end": 590 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.7786574363708496, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Short Term)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Short Term Actions|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 5**: Gender Equality \u2013 aiming for behavioral change to cultural
norms is critical for achieving gender equity and balanced
relationships.
**SDG 4**: Quality Education \u2013 through elimination of gender
disparities in access to education will significantly contribute to
gender balance and equalizing the parities within society.|**Advocacy & Awareness**: Develop and employ community-based conflict
resolution mechanisms, facilitate dialogue and peace advocacy, raise
awareness on women\u2019s rights, foster social cohesion and peaceful co-
existence with the affected population through regular dialogue and exchange
of information.|\n|**SDG 8**: Decent Work & Economic Growth \u2013 Economic
empowerment programs can significantly reduce gender-based
violence and contribute to a better societal gender balance.
**SDG 10**: Reduced Inequality \u2013 Protection interventions should
address inequalities in the roles and societal structures influenced
by traditional practices.|**Livelihood Programs**: Expand involvement and engagement of women and
children in income-generating activities in agriculture to reduce gender-based
dependencies, call for more focus and investment into agriculture as a core
and foundational economic activity rooted in cultural practices. In addition,
water provision, and alternative sources of energy for cooking will significantly
contribute to reduced movement in unprotected areas outside of the
community and exposure to the risks.|\n|**SDG 13**: Improving education and awareness on climate change
and shocks among the communities. Environmental stressors
contribute to forced displacement, destruction of social fabric
exacerbating GBV protection risks.|**Infrastructure Improvement**: For camp- or camp-like settings, the issues of
congestion must be adequately addressed by communities as they often lead
to crime, theft and GBV incidents, in constructive ways and planning and
presented to the relevant authorities as visionary community solutions to
address and resolve protection challenges.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing gender-based
violence.|**Legal & Social Protection**: Establish the local or community systems to hold
the perpetrators accountable, call for improvement and increase of the
frequency of court sittings for GBV-related cases, establish mobile courts to
improve access to justice, strengthen reporting mechanisms, and enhance
para-legal support networks. Increase legal aid for survivors and address
barriers to accessing medical and psychological support (e.g., lack of access to
Form 8 in police stations prevents survivors from accessing needed health and
legal services).|\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Strategic)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Long-Term Strategies|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 8:** Decent Work & Economic Growth \u2013 Economic
empowerment programs can significantly reduce gender-based
violence and contribute to a better societal gender balance.

|**Economic Development:** Government must assume its primary role in
ensuring the equal participation of men and women in economic
development through economic empowerment and equality of access to
opportunities, economic empowerment programs must be aimed at
eradicating of poverty and food insecurity in the country, thus feeding to the
gender parity, balance and equalization.|\n|**SDG 4**: Quality Education \u2013 through elimination of gender
disparities in access to education will significantly contribute to
gender balance and equalizing the parities within society.|**Access to Education:** Enforcing laws at the state level to encourage and
improve access to education for women and girls through the introduction of
mandatory education regulations.|\n|**SDG 5**: Gender Equality \u2013 revising and changing the cultural norms
is critical for achieving gender equity and balanced relationships.
**SDG 10**: Reduced Inequality \u2013 Protection interventions should
address inequalities in the roles and societal structures influenced
by traditional practices.|**Community-Based Protection:**Work with traditional leaders, educators, and
civil society to promote long-term social change and ensure local ownership
of protection efforts.|\n|**SDG 13**: Improving education and awareness on climate change
and shocks among the communities. Environmental stressors
contribute to forced displacement, destruction of social fabric
exacerbating GBV protection risks.|**Infrastructure Development**: Invest and develop essential infrastructure in
urban and rural areas with mindful approaches and planning, to enable,
sustain, or enhance societal living conditions while maintaining the
surrounding environment. Develop contingency planning, for the times of
crisis with focus on protecting and providing services to vulnerable persons
such as women and children as well as preventing GBV-related incidents.|\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n|SDG 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing gender-based
violence.|Legal & Policy Reforms: Establish good governance through the goodwill of
the central government, strengthen prosecution mechanisms, enforce the
execution of laws, and enhance accountability to ensure perpetrators are
held responsible.|\n|---|---|\n|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on GBV cases and abuses
to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of the SDG
goals.|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on GBV cases and abuses
to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of the SDG
goals.|\n\n\n\n**Advocacy and Coordination Priorities**\n\n\nTo effectively address the challenges faced by communities, it is essential for the government, (whenever applicable) humanitarian\nand development actors to mobilize local leaders, educators, and faith-based organizations to challenge harmful traditional practices\nand promote behavioural change through protective measures. Strengthening the rule of law and ensuring accountability requires\naction from state authorities, which includes enhancing law enforcement agencies and the judiciary, as well as supported by\nhumanitarian protection actors, establishing community-based reporting mechanisms with strict confidentiality measures.\nAdditionally, the deployment of police by the government as well as community-based initiatives for the creation of communitybased enforcement mechanisms such as community patrols, watch checks, and warden systems can significantly contribute to safety.\nFurthermore, advocating for the attraction of development actors and increased investment in social infrastructure and essential\nservices, particularly in rural and displacement-affected areas, is crucial. Presenting community, region, and state development plans\ndesigned with the contribution of local communities to authorities and development actors can help illustrate the positive impacts\nand investment costs associated with these initiatives. Close and regular collaboration between community leaders and government\nrepresentatives at various levels is essential for effective advocacy. This can be facilitated through the development of various\ncommunication tools such as petitions, community bulletins, flyers, complaint boxes, fact sheets, informational posters, and culturally\nrelevant awareness materials. Additionally, fostering community meetings, public presentations, community visits, lectures, and\nroundtable discussions can enhance engagement and dialogue. The implementation of community-based radio and media campaigns\nwill further spread awareness and inform the public. Collaborating with religious structures, leaders, local and social media\ninfluencers, and traditional leaders is also crucial in promoting behavioral change within the community.\n\n\nWidespread protection risks of theft, extortion, illegal land\noccupation, forced evictions, and lack of documentation\noften related to gender norms are linked to uncertainty and\ninsecurity related to Housing, Land and Property (HLP) rights.\nSuch an environment inevitably leads to and causes\ndisplacement and exploitation of the most vulnerable and\nexposed groups of populations, particularly women and\nchildren. This is exacerbated by the weak legal frameworks\nand limited access to dispute-resolution mechanisms.\n\n\n**Threats and Contributing Factors**\n\n\nPoor land governance and lack of land tenure security are\nexacerbated by political instability and communal disputes,\nwhich often lead to violence and property destruction. The\nhigh cost of living driven by unemployment and inflation\nfosters economic insecurity, pushing individuals towards theft and unauthorized land occupation. Informal land settlements and\nforced eviction cases are reported in states such as Central Equatoria, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Jonglei. The\nweak rule of law and insufficient enforcement of protective legislation create an environment where negative practices thrive,\nreducing accountability and enabling impunity for perpetrators.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring and reporting systems", - "confidence": 0.8179370164871216, - "start": 107, - "end": 111 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis", - "confidence": 0.6682024598121643, - "start": 97, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9061778783798218, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring and reporting systems", - "confidence": 0.9363023638725281, - "start": 164, - "end": 168 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n**Main Consequences**\n\n\nThe challenges surrounding HLP rights have escalated significantly across the country, driven by illegal occupation, forced eviction,\nand land grabbing. Seasonal floods and drought, further displaced communities from their homes, with 42,314 reported cases seeking\nassistance over disputed agricultural and settlement land. Informal land settlements contribute to land disputes and forced evictions,\nwhile harmful customary practices related to land ownership disproportionately affect women, undermining their HLP rights. Cases\nof land tenure security records count over 150,000 of women and child headed households. Moreover, the fragility of dispute\nresolution mechanisms exacerbates the risk of community conflicts, as land grabbing and illegal occupation disrupt peaceful\ncoexistence, fueling inter-communal strife and leading to renewed displacement. Continuous evictions contribute to secondary\ndisplacement, resulting in an increase in street children and beggars due to dire economic conditions. Women face particularly\nunequal opportunities due to their lack of land ownership, while civilians experience heightened criminality and extortion from\norganized groups. This situation perpetuates a cycle of revenge, including increasingly lethal cattle raiding, and raises the risk of GBV\nas a coping mechanism. According to the PRMS, in 2024, 56% of key informants indicated that the lack of title deeds has led to\nproperty grabbing, with 43% attributing homelessness to unlawful forced evictions.\n\n\n**Affected Population**\n\n\nIDPs, Returnees, Women and children, People with disability, other vulnerable groups, some host communities\n\n\n**Capacity Considerations**\n\n\nThe failure to address HLP issues continues to hinder the achievement of durable solutions, particularly about shelter and livelihoods.\nThe vulnerability of women to GBV exacerbates the violation of their HLP rights, while systemic corruption, impunity, and a lack of\naccess to justice, coupled with economic downturns and unemployment, serve as common drivers of these challenges. While police\nstructures exist for reporting crimes, the efficacy of these systems is variable, particularly in remote rural areas without efficient\npolice presence, where youth groups often form community watch groups to monitor and report criminal activity. Additionally, land\ncompensation is available for individuals affected by road construction, yet the allocation of land by community leaders or chiefs is\noften flawed, with many failing to provide proper titles, resulting in an inequitable system. Women's representation in decisionmaking committees remains minimal, with a ratio of one woman to ten men, and although women chiefs can play a role, their\ncontributions often go unheard.\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Short Term)**\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Short Term Actions|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing HLP related
crimes and disputes.
**SDG 10**: Reduced Inequality \u2013 Protection interventions should
address inequalities in the roles and societal structures influenced
by traditional practices.|**Advocacy & Awareness**: Awareness raising among the affected populations
on HLP and the negative consequences of using the unpopular practices of
land ownership and possession. Apply community-based conflict resolution
mechanisms, facilitate dialogue and peace advocacy, foster social cohesion
and peaceful co-existence with the affected population through regular
dialogue and exchange of information.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing HLP related
crimes and disputes.
**SDG 5:**Gender Equality \u2013 revising and changing the cultural norms
is critical for achieving gender equity and balanced relationships.
**SDG 10**: Reduced Inequality \u2013 Protection interventions should
address inequalities in the roles and societal structures influenced
by traditional practices.|**Capacity-building**: Deploy the Capacity Building programs for the local
authorities and community leaders on dispute resolution mechanisms and
best practices for conflict settlement.

**Legal Protection & Justice**: Establish local courts and conduct frequent
visits to the fields through a mobile court system to stimulate the HLP rights
observation and enjoyment. Strengthen community land committees that
may provide temporary land tokens in expectation of the government land
titles.|\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Strategic)**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** **Long-Term Strategies**\n\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n\n\n\n|SDG 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing HLP related
crimes and disputes.|Legal & Policy Reforms: Establish good governance through the goodwill of
the central government, strengthen prosecution mechanisms, enforce the
execution of laws, and improve the judicial system by establishing courts in
all states. Improve land legal frameworks by working on policies that address
specific land issues (e.g. IDPs and Returnees rights to land and women land
ownership).|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing HLP related
crimes and disputes.


|**Infrastructure and Legal Architecture Development:** Improve the Land
demarcation (survey) system and develop a digital land registry.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for reducing and preventing HLP related
crimes and disputes.


|**Political**: Formalization of the anti-corruption commission and ensure
enforcement of it though relevant legislation and government rule.|\n|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on HLP cases and abuses
to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of the SDG
goals.|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on HLP cases and abuses
to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of the SDG
goals.|\n\n\n**Advocacy and Coordination Priorities**\n\n\nTo effectively address land disputes and promote equitable land distribution, it is essential to mobilize communities and foster\ndialogue through the establishment of HLP community structures. Engaging local leaders, educators, and faith-based organizations\nwill help challenge harmful practices while promoting protective measures that benefit the community. Additionally, it is crucial to\ncall upon state authorities to strengthen law enforcement structures and the judiciary, as well as to enhance community-based\nreporting mechanisms that ensure accountability. By integrating HLP rights into humanitarian and development strategies, we can\nestablish robust frameworks to resolve land disputes and promote justice within the community. Close and regular collaboration,\ndialogue, and advocacy between community leaders and government representatives at various levels are essential for promoting\nawareness of HLP rights. This involves the development of petitions, community bulletins, flyers, factsheets, informational posters,\nand other materials relevant to HLP awareness. Additionally, fostering community meetings, public presentations, community visits,\nlectures, roundtable discussions, and media campaigns serves to further spread awareness of HLP rights and practices within the\ncommunity.\n\n#### **RISK 3 Child, Early or Forced Marriage as well as Forced Separations**\n\n\nChild, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) and family separation\nrisks remain critical protection concerns in South Sudan,\nparticularly among vulnerable groups such as returnees, IDPs,\nwomen, girls, and children at risk of violence. These two risks\nare deeply rooted in structural inequalities, economic\nhardship, and weak enforcement of protective laws. The\nimpact extends beyond individuals to entire communities,\ndisrupting social cohesion and perpetuating cycles of poverty\nand violence.\n\n\n**Threats and Contributing Factors**\n\n\nThe persistence of CEFM [9] and family separation are driven by\na complex interplay of factors, including conflict and\ndisplacement, economic hardship, social norms and practices,\nweak law enforcement, GBV [10], and recruitment into armed\ngroups. Armed conflicts often result in the breakdown of social structures, displacing families and increasing vulnerabilities,\nparticularly for women and children. For instance, in areas like Tambura, the destruction of schools and community networks has\n\n\n9 \u2018Born to be Married\u2019: Addressing child, early and forced marriage in Nyal, South Sudan, Oxfam-2019 / [https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/born-to-be-](https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/born-to-be-married-addressing-child-early-and-forced-marriage-in-nyal-south-sud-620620/)\n[married-addressing-child-early-and-forced-marriage-in-nyal-south-sud-620620/](https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/born-to-be-married-addressing-child-early-and-forced-marriage-in-nyal-south-sud-620620/)\n10 Condemning Child and Forced Marriages and the tragic deaths due to Forced and Child Marriage in South Sudan, UNFPA-2024 /\n[https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/news/condemning-child-and-forced-marriages-and-tragic-deaths-due-forced-and-child-marriage-south](https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/news/condemning-child-and-forced-marriages-and-tragic-deaths-due-forced-and-child-marriage-south)\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "digital land registry", - "confidence": 0.681120753288269, - "start": 205, - "end": 208 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collection on HLP cases and abuses", - "confidence": 0.929690957069397, - "start": 303, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\ndirectly correlated with an increase in forced marriages both there and in surrounding counties. Extreme poverty compels families to\nmake tough decisions, such as marrying off daughters in exchange for dowries or sending children away for perceived better\nopportunities; recent reports indicate that over 500 children from Aweil East have been sent to a church in Juba in search of better\neducation and living conditions. Additionally, harmful traditions, such as wife inheritance and cattle-based marriage transactions,\nreinforce gender inequality and limit women\u2019s autonomy. The limited implementation and enforcement of protective laws allow child\nmarriage and family separation to persist with minimal accountability for perpetrators. Furthermore, the normalization of forced\nmarriages is exacerbated by sexual violence, abduction, and exploitation, which often serve as coping strategies for survivors.\nEconomic instability also increases the risk of boys being forcibly recruited into armed groups, further contributing to family\nseparation.\n\n\n**Main Consequences**\n\n\nChild separation has led to severe consequences including trafficking, child labor, early marriage, school dropout, and the recruitment\nand use of children within host communities, IDPs, returnees, and instances of abduction. Older individuals face the risk of\nexploitation or even death in these precarious situations. Gender inequality exacerbates the plight of women, resulting in loss of\nincome, sexual exploitation, and negative coping mechanisms, which can cause trauma and emotional distress, with severe cases\npotentially leading to suicide. The emotional toll on affected populations is profound, as unregistered children and adults struggle to\nprove their identities, complicating their ability to reunite with lost family members. Humanitarian organizations, such as the Red\nCross and UN agencies, depend on proper documentation to assist in reconnecting separated families, yet the lack of a functional\nregistry hampers these efforts.\n\n\nAccess to essential services, including education, healthcare, and legal rights, is often denied due to the absence of official\ndocumentation. Despite ongoing appeals for action, the rising trend of child abductions highlights the urgent need for stronger\nprotective measures and heightened community awareness to safeguard vulnerable populations. In the Greater Pibor Administrative\nArea, authorities reported the rescue and return of nearly 30 abducted children to their families in 2024, but challenges remain,\nincluding a reluctance to arrest abductors swiftly for fear of jeopardizing the safe return of other kidnapped children.\n\n\n**Affected Population**\n\n\nChild, early, and forced marriage and family separation disproportionately affect multiple vulnerable groups, each facing unique risks.\nWomen and girls, particularly in conflict-affected and displacement settings, are at increased risk due to gender power dynamics and\neconomic dependence. Elderly individuals and persons with disabilities often lack adequate social support, making them vulnerable\nto forced caregiving arrangements or exploitation [11] . Illiterate and impoverished groups face limited access to education and economic\nopportunities, which exacerbates their susceptibility to forced marriage. Orphans and children without parental care are at\nheightened risk of exploitation, trafficking, and forced labor. Adolescent boys [12] may experience family separation due to forced\nrecruitment into armed groups or hazardous labor conditions stemming from poor economic situations or neglect from their families.\nAdditionally, young women subjected to wife inheritance practices in some communities are coerced into marrying relatives of a\ndeceased husband, further entrenching cycles of exploitation.\n\n\n**Capacity Considerations**\n\n\nThe issues of child separation, including trafficking, child labor, early marriage, school dropout, and child recruitment, are severely\nimpacting host communities, IDPs, and returnees, with abduction also being a significant concern. Older individuals are facing\nexploitation or even death, while gender inequality exacerbates the situation for women, leading to loss of income, sexual\nexploitation, and negative coping mechanisms that can result in trauma and emotional distress, sometimes culminating in suicide. In\nthe second half of 2024, the PRMS recorded that 36% of key informants note children being the most affected by family separations\nand more than half in an environment of unsafety and insecurity. Abductions are accounted by 15% of KIIs as a form of family\nseparation. Furthermore, 12% of Kis see the elderly and people with disabilities as being target groups. Unregistered children and\n\n\n11 Child Trafficking and armed conflict, United Nations \u2013 2023 / [https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Child-trafficking-and-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Child-trafficking-and-armed-conflict-web.pdf)\n[armed-conflict-web.pdf](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Child-trafficking-and-armed-conflict-web.pdf)\n12 South Sudan\u2019s child soldiers: Stop the recruitment now, World vision \u2013 2023 / [https://preprod.wvi.org/stories/south-sudan/south-sudans-child-soldiers-stop-](https://preprod.wvi.org/stories/south-sudan/south-sudans-child-soldiers-stop-recruitment-now)\n[recruitment-now](https://preprod.wvi.org/stories/south-sudan/south-sudans-child-soldiers-stop-recruitment-now) | Prevention of the recruitment of child soldiers tops the agenda at National Conference in South Sudan, UNMISS-2024 /\n[https://unmiss.unmissions.org/prevention-recruitment-child-soldiers-tops-agenda-national-conference-south-sudan](https://unmiss.unmissions.org/prevention-recruitment-child-soldiers-tops-agenda-national-conference-south-sudan)\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRMS", - "confidence": 0.9579227566719055, - "start": 710, - "end": 711 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.856171727180481, - "start": 707, - "end": 708 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "key informants", - "confidence": 0.7897079586982727, - "start": 716, - "end": 718 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\nadults struggle to prove their identities, complicating efforts to reunite with lost family members, as humanitarian organizations like\nthe Red Cross and UN agencies depend on documentation to facilitate these reconnections. The absence of proper registries further\ndenies access to vital services such as education, healthcare, and legal rights. Despite ongoing appeals for action, the rising trend of\nchild abductions highlights the urgent need for stronger protective measures and community awareness to protect vulnerable\npopulations. To address these issues, the South Sudanese government must strengthen the enforcement of existing laws, enhance\ncommunity education, and provide economic support for vulnerable families, in collaboration with development organizations like\nUNICEF. Promoting localization by working with local leaders and grassroots organizations can help shift cultural norms and advocate\nfor girls' rights to education and a healthier future. Operationalizing the National Strategic Action Plan (2017\u20132030) to end child\nmarriage by 2030 is crucial, as ending such practices is integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to\neradicate poverty and hunger, improve health and education, foster economic growth and justice, and reduce inequalities while\npromoting gender equality.\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Short Term)**\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Short Term Actions|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 8**: Decent Work & Economic Growth \u2013 Economic
empowerment programs can provide alternatives to forced
marriage.|**Advocacy & Awareness**: Enhance and expand community-based awareness
campaigns on the risks of CEFM, the benefits of education, and the importance
of economic empowerment. Realizing that conventional ways of doing
awareness raising has been limited, there is still a need to innovatively work
with community leaders, religious figures, and media to shift harmful social
norms.|\n|**SDG 3**: Good Health & Well-being \u2013 Early marriage leads to
higher rates of maternal mortality and poor health outcomes.
|**Legal & Social Protection**: Establish mobile courts to improve access to justice,
strengthen reporting mechanisms, and enhance para-legal support networks.
Increase legal aid for survivors and address barriers to accessing medical and
psychological support (e.g., lack of access Form 8 in police stations prevents
survivors from accessing needed health and legal services).|\n|**SDG 4**: Quality Education \u2013 Early marriage significantly reduces
access to education for girls, perpetuating cycles of poverty.|**Livelihood & Education Programs**: Expand safe spaces for women and children,
non-formal education to enable them to catch up with formal school,
vocational training, and livelihood programs that reduce economic dependence
on forced marriage.|\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Strategic)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Long-Term Strategies|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 3**: Good Health & Well-being \u2013 Early marriage leads to higher
rates of maternal mortality and poor health outcomes.

**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening legal
frameworks is essential for preventing forced marriage.
|**Legal & Policy Reforms**: Align customary laws with the 2008 Child Act,
strengthen prosecution mechanisms, and enhance accountability to ensure
perpetrators are held responsible.
**Infrastructure Development**: Invest in legal infrastructure such as courts and
police stations, as well as educational and healthcare facilities to provide
alternatives to early marriage and improve child protection services.|\n|**SDG 5**: Gender Equality \u2013 Addressing early marriage is critical for
achieving gender equity.
|**Community-Based Protection**: Work with traditional leaders, educators, and
civil society to promote long-term social change and ensure local ownership
of protection efforts.|\n|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on Child Protection cases
and abuses to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of
the SDG goals.
|**Data & Evidence Collection and Analysis:** Improve monitoring and reporting systems, ensuring accurate data collection on Child Protection cases
and abuses to inform targeted interventions and monitor impact towards the reduction of the protection risk and increase in the achievement of
the SDG goals.
|\n\n\n**Advocacy and Coordination Priorities**\n\n\n\nTo effectively address community challenges, it is essential to mobilize local leaders, educators, and faith-based organizations to\nchallenge harmful practices and promote protective measures. Strengthening the rule of law and accountability is equally important;\nthis can be achieved by enhancing law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, and community-based reporting mechanisms to ensure\naccountability. Additionally, advocating for increased investment in essential services, particularly in rural and displacement-affected\nareas, will help to build the necessary infrastructure and support systems for these communities. The initiative includes the\ndevelopment of fact sheets, informational posters, and culturally relevant awareness materials to effectively communicate important\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registries", - "confidence": 0.9556591510772705, - "start": 47, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9916559457778931, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring and reporting systems", - "confidence": 0.975975751876831, - "start": 825, - "end": 829 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Child Protection cases", - "confidence": 0.6474820375442505, - "start": 835, - "end": 838 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\nmessages to the community. To further spread awareness, community-based radio and media campaigns will be implemented,\nleveraging local platforms to reach a wider audience. Additionally, collaboration with local influencers and traditional leaders will play\na crucial role in promoting behavioral change, ensuring that the messages resonate with the community and encourage positive\nactions.\n\n##### **Discrimination and Stigmatization, Denial of Resources, Opportunities,** **Services, and/or Humanitarian Access**\n\n\nDiscrimination, stigmatization, and denial of resources,\nopportunities, and services remain among the critical\nprotection concerns in South Sudan. These risks are deeply\nrooted in structural inequalities, weak governance, and intercommunal conflicts. The impact of these issues is widespread,\ndisproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as\nIDPs, returnees, people with disabilities (PwDs), women, and\nchildren. Systemic biases, corruption, and humanitarian access\nconstraints further exacerbate these protection threats,\nhindering the ability of affected individuals to access essential\nservices and support.\n\n\n**Threats and Contributing Factors**\n\n\nThe situation in South Sudan is severely impacted by a weak\nrule of law and pervasive corruption, which undermine the\nenforcement of legal frameworks and perpetuate systemic discrimination, preventing affected individuals from seeking recourse.\nThis corruption leads to the misallocation of aid, leaving the most vulnerable populations without the necessary resources. Economic\nand political exclusion further exacerbates the challenges faced by the country, as the fragile economy and ongoing political instability\nlimit employment and educational opportunities, thereby reinforcing cycles of poverty that disproportionately affect women,\nchildren, and minority groups. Humanitarian access is severely restricted due to armed conflict, roadblocks, bureaucratic\nimpediments, and targeted attacks on aid workers, resulting in affected populations being deprived of basic services such as\nhealthcare, food, and shelter. Additionally, deep-rooted cultural and social norms, characterized by patriarchal structures, perpetuate\ninequality, with traditional practices such as forced marriage and denial of land rights further limiting the rights of women and\nmarginalized groups. Infrastructure gaps, including poor road networks and inadequate service facilities like schools and hospitals,\nhinder access to essential services, particularly in rural areas where displaced populations and those in remote regions are\ndisproportionately affected. Inter-communal conflicts, fueled by ethnic and tribal divisions, contribute to cycles of violence and\nexclusion, while discriminatory practices by community leaders and local authorities marginalize certain groups and prevent them\nfrom accessing resources and protection mechanisms. Lastly, a lack of awareness and misinformation about rights and available\nsupport services, particularly in rural and conflict-affected areas, exacerbates discrimination and stigmatization of vulnerable groups.\n\n\n**Main Consequences**\n\n\nWithin the framework of PRMS, the highest proportion of key informants (65%) cited obstacles in access to food as the largest issue\nin accessing humanitarian aid followed by shelter/NFIs (64%), health (37%), WASH (34%), livelihood opportunities (29%), and\neducation (27%). Key informants also cited school drop-out (53%), early marriage (49%), crime (47%), and alcohol/drug abuse as the\nmost frequent negative coping strategies linked to the lack of access to humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**Affected Population**\n\n\nIn South Sudan, the ongoing conflict has led to significant displacement, with IDPs and returnees, PwDs, and the elderly being among\nthe most affected groups, accounting for 36%, 35%, and 34% respectively. In 2024 alone, approximately 530,000 individuals fleeing\nthe conflict in Sudan have sought refuge in South Sudan, bringing the total to over a million since mid-2023, with over 70% being\nSouth Sudanese nationals returning home. However, high levels of displacement exacerbate discrimination and stigmatization,\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\nlimiting access to livelihood opportunities and essential services for these vulnerable populations. Discriminatory social norms and\nphysical barriers hinder PwDs from accessing humanitarian assistance, education, and employment opportunities.\n\n\nMoreover, elderly individuals often face significant barriers to registration and aid access during displacement, leaving them behind\nin critical times. Women and girls are particularly at risk of GBV, early marriage, and exploitation, all linked to systemic discrimination\nand resource denial. Survivors of GBV face additional stigma that isolates them, making it challenging to seek justice and recovery\nsupport. Despite the pressing need for inclusive programming, there is a lack of information and research on the realities of PwDs in\nSouth Sudan, although protection actors continue to advocate for improved access to assistance for these individuals. Intercommunal conflict and seasonal insecurities further complicate the situation, affecting over 2 million internally displaced people\nseeking reintegration solutions and returnee communities striving for safety and dignity in their lives.\n\n\n**Capacity Considerations**\n\n\nThe 2024 World Bank poverty assessment reveals alarming statistics, with 75.9 percent of the population living below the national\npoverty line of SSP358,724 annually, and 67.3 percent living in extreme poverty on less than SSP298,478 a year, which is the national\nfood poverty line. This dire situation indicates a significant dependency on humanitarian aid among at least three-quarters of the\npopulation, further alienating the most vulnerable groups who often face stigma and obstacles to accessing necessary resources. To\naddress these challenges, communities need support from stronger governance and development actors to improve current\nlivelihood frameworks but also to diversify income and food opportunities for resilience.\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Short Term)**\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Short Term Actions|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 5**: Gender Equality \u2013 Reducing GBV and promoting
equitable access to opportunities.
**SDG 10**: Reduced Inequality \u2013 Addressing systemic
discrimination and exclusion.|**Awareness Campaigns**: Launch community-wide campaigns using radio
broadcasts, posters, and grassroots engagement to educate the public on the
rights of marginalized groups and the services available to them.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013
Strengthening legal protections and governance frameworks.
|**Legal Support Services**: Establish mobile legal aid clinics in high-risk areas to help
individuals navigate legal obstacles related to discrimination and access to justice.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013
Strengthening legal protections and governance frameworks.
|**Humanitarian Access Advocacy**: Organize multi-stakeholder dialogues between
government officials, humanitarian actors, and local communities to address
access constraints and ensure aid reaches those most in need.|\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Strategic)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2024 World Bank poverty assessment", - "confidence": 0.74522465467453, - "start": 188, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.9647339582443237, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9612780213356018, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9994304776191711, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5046608448028564, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced people", - "confidence": 0.6522380709648132, - "start": 163, - "end": 166 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n\n**Advocacy and Coordination Priorities**\n\n\n\n\n\nTo enhance government engagement, it is essential to organize regular policy dialogues with officials at both the national and state\nlevels, aiming to address existing gaps in legislation and its implementation. In tandem, mobilizing international support is crucial;\nthis involves securing funding from donors and international agencies to sustain protection programs that prioritize inclusive and\nequitable access to services. Establishing community-based protection initiatives will empower marginalized groups to advocate for\ntheir rights, fostering long-term social cohesion and accountability. Additionally, developing multilingual public awareness materials\nsuch as flyers, educational posters, and audiovisual content will highlight individual rights and available support services. Legal\nadvocacy efforts should involve partnerships with legal experts and human rights organizations to challenge discriminatory policies\nand promote necessary legal reforms through strategic litigation. Facilitating community-led initiatives, including town hall meetings,\nstorytelling sessions, and local advocacy campaigns, will ensure that affected communities are directly involved in shaping protection\nstrategies. Furthermore, engaging the media by training journalists and social media influencers will help ensure responsible reporting\non discrimination and humanitarian access issues, countering misinformation and fostering greater public awareness.\n\n##### **Attacks on Civilians and Other Unlawful Killings, and Attacks on Civilian** **Objects**\n\n\nSouth Sudan continued to witness alarming escalation of\nattacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, deepening the\nhumanitarian crisis in the country. Numerous incidents\nrecorded, of unlawful killings, including extrajudicial executions\nand targeted killings of civilians, often perpetrated by armed\ngroups and government forces. These attacks have resulted in\nwidespread displacement, with thousands of people forced to\nflee their homes. Civilian objects, such as homes, schools, and\nhospitals, have also been deliberately destroyed or damaged,\nexacerbating the suffering of innocent civilians. One of the\ncontributing factors to this violence is the ongoing issue of cattle\nraiding, which has led to a significant number of killings in rural\nareas, often fueled by ethnic tensions and competition for\nresources. The proliferation of arms in the country has only\nworsened the situation, making it easier for armed groups to carry out attacks on both civilians and civilian objects. The South\nSudanese government introduced in July 2024 the amended National Security Service Bill which sparked concern both domestically\nand internationally. The bill sought to expand the powers of the National Security Service, allowing it to operate with greater authority\nand less oversight. Human rights advocates [13] and the western diplomatic missions [14] in the country argued that this could lead to\nfurther human rights violations, as the bill grants security forces sweeping powers of arrest, detention, and surveillance without\nsufficient judicial oversight. Amidst ongoing conflict and instability in South Sudan during the last quarter of 2024, the way for greater\nrepression was paved and hinding overall efforts to protect civilians.\n\n\n13 Security Bill set to become law by default: Lawyer, Radio Tamazuj-2024 / [https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/security-bill-set-to-become-law-by-](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/security-bill-set-to-become-law-by-default-lawyer)\n[default-lawyer](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/security-bill-set-to-become-law-by-default-lawyer)\n[14 Western embassies: Approval of security bill would be regrettable, Radio Tamazuj-2024 / https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/western-embassies-](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/western-embassies-approval-of-security-bill-would-be-regrettable)\n[approval-of-security-bill-would-be-regrettable](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/western-embassies-approval-of-security-bill-would-be-regrettable)\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n**Threats and Contributing Factors**\n\n\nThe ongoing crisis in South Sudan is deeply rooted in several interrelated factors, including the absence of transitional justice\nmeasures, weak rule of law, and persistent impunity. The failure to implement the Revitalized Peace Agreement, compounded by\nineffective justice institutions and a lack of unified security forces, has left the population vulnerable to ongoing insecurity and\nconflict. Additionally, the proliferation of small arms continues to pose a significant threat to development and peaceful coexistence\namong communities. Despite various disarmament initiatives, the presence of civilian arms has exacerbated inter-communal violence\nand rebellion against the government. The lack of political will to address past abuses, coupled with ongoing disagreements over key\nsecurity arrangements, perpetuates a cycle of violence as clashes between government troops and local armed groups remain\nprevalent. Furthermore, the absence of a cohesive national vision among the leadership has resulted in gross human rights violations\nand deepened ethnic and tribal divisions, leading to increased displacement and fatalities. The socio-economic implications of these\nconflicts are dire, particularly for the youth, who face limited access to education, livelihoods, and basic infrastructure. With half of\nthe population under 18, the psychological impact of war perpetuates a cycle of poverty, pushing idle youth towards negative coping\nmechanisms, including criminal activities. Climate change and extreme weather conditions have further complicated the situation, as\ncommunities are forced to migrate in search of resources, often leading to violent disputes over habitable land. Finally, the erosion\nof cultural and social norms due to prolonged conflict has weakened community structures that traditionally managed social\nproblems, leaving a vacuum that has been filled by violence and weapon accessibility, particularly in cattle-related disputes.\n\n\n**Main Consequences**\n\n\nWidespread attacks against civilians continue to plague South Sudan, primarily fueled by subnational armed violence involving\ncommunity-based militias and civil defense groups, as reported by the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). Between\nOctober to December 2024, the UNMISS Human Rights Division documented 233 incidents affecting at least 866 civilians, resulting\nin 352 deaths, 350 injuries, 129 abductions, and 35 cases of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). A significant 13 percent in the\nnumber of victims was noted from the previous quarter (July-September). 77 percent of the total of victims were attributed to\ncommunity-based militias and civil defense groups, with 18 percent linked to the parties in conflict and other armed groups. Intercommunal violence, particularly between the Azande and Balanda tribes in Tambura County, displaced 26,000 individuals due to\nresource control struggles. Additionally, cattle raiding and intercommunal conflicts in Uror, Duk Akobo West, and Gumuruk Counties\nin the Greater Jonglei area have been exacerbated by economic dependencies on cattle, leading to cycles of revenge. A similar pattern\nof violence and cattle raiding was observed in Greater Tonj of Warrap State, resulting in 20 deaths and an unspecified number of\ninternal displacements, with access to affected areas being severely limited.\n\n\n**Affected Population**\n\n\nThe UNMISS Human Rights Division (HRD) has established that men, particularly young men, constitute the majority of victims of\nviolence, accounting for 79% of cases, followed by women at 11% and children at 10%. While men primarily suffer injuries (44%),\nkillings (40%), and abductions (16%) during armed confrontations, it is crucial to recognize that women and children face\ndisproportionate repercussions from conflict, especially regarding access to healthcare, education, and livelihoods in unstable\nregions. Women experience similar forms of violence, with injuries (35%) and killings (34%) prevalent, alongside conflict-related\nsexual violence (CRSV) at 17% and abductions at 14%, particularly in Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Warrap, and Western Equatoria\nStates. Children are also gravely affected, with abduction being the leading harm (49 %), followed by killings (23%), CRSV (18%), and\ninjuries (10%). The impact extends to girls, with 15 victims of CRSV documented during the reporting period. The attacks on civilians\noften target vulnerable groups, inflicting harm on women and girls through gender-based violence (GBV), including early marriage\nand abductions. Additionally, children face the dual threat of abduction and recruitment into armed groups, with educational facilities\nfrequently looted or destroyed. Furthermore, high levels of displacement among internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees\nexacerbate discrimination and stigmatization, limiting their access to essential services and livelihood opportunities.\n\n\n**Capacity Considerations**\n\n\nWhile returns from Sudan are the most cited displacement occurrences by Key Informants (especially in Unity, Upper Nile and Central\nEquatoria), almost an equal number of citations refer to internal displacement caused by floods and inter-communal conflict.\nUprooted people seek shelter and most basic humanitarian and safety support often resorting to negative coping mechanisms for\nsurvival. Communal fighting also causes restriction of movement. Fear of death and injury and GBV violence are the most cited\nreasons for restriction of movement, negatively impacting livelihood, economic survival, reunification, education, etc. Community\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\ndialogues for peaceful coexistence, traditional community support to the most vulnerable and community networks can restore links\nand assist in early recovery of affected people.\n\n**Recommended interventions (Short Term)**\n\n\n\n|Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)|Short Term Actions|\n|---|---|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening
the
legal
framework,
ensure
the
functionality
and
independence of justice institutions, implementing the
provisions of the revitalized peace agreement will drastically
bring the nation towards a more peaceful and secure future.
|Implement the provisions of the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement on the
unification and proper training of forces (art 2.2.9 and art. 2.2.10): Government-
Despite efforts to unify the forces, with a key step of unification of command,
in April 2022, the provisions are yet to be implemented. Fighting continues to
flare up across the country claiming the lives of civilians, destroying civilian
property and livelihoods, causing displacement perpetuating the cycle of
violence and trauma for the communities. Therefore, all efforts by the
government and opposition should be focused on the immediate cease fire and
unification of forces. Proper training and orientation is necessary to defend the
state, the people and its interests against external armed threats and avoid the
escalation of fighting that could potentially lead once again to civil war.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening
the
legal
framework,
ensure
the
functionality
and
independence of justice institutions, implementing the
provisions of the revitalized peace agreement will drastically
bring the nation towards a more peaceful and secure future.
|Implement the provisions of chapter V of the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement
on transitional justice, accountability, reconciliation and healing : Government-
Immediate establishment of a robust and independent justice system, ending
impunity and cyclical violence and human rights violation.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening
the
legal
framework,
ensure
the
functionality
and
independence of justice institutions, implementing the
provisions of the revitalized peace agreement will drastically
bring the nation towards a more peaceful and secure future.
|Launch well organized, well prepared and coordinated mass disarmament of
civilians irrespective of their political, ethnic, tribal and/or religious affiliation.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening
the
legal
framework,
ensure
the
functionality
and
independence of justice institutions, implementing the
provisions of the revitalized peace agreement will drastically
bring the nation towards a more peaceful and secure future.
|Roll out community-based programs for peaceful coexistence, peaceful conflict
resolution and inclusivity: Implement relevant programs, broadcasting
messages on radio and social media for unity as nation, beyond political, ethnic,
tribal and/or religious background. Communities should be also sensitized to
the short and long-term negative effects of war and violence. (this is both a
short- and long-term solution). Addressing inherited, cultural and systemic
discrimination and exclusion will assist peace building and reconciliation,
increase equal access to resources and promote better standards of living.|\n|**SDG 16**: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions \u2013 Strengthening
the
legal
framework,
ensure
the
functionality
and
independence of justice institutions, implementing the
provisions of the revitalized peace agreement will drastically
bring the nation towards a more peaceful and secure future.
|Integrate community-based patrolling, early warning mechanisms and peace
building committees to support police efforts to reduce crime and armed
attacks (this is both a short- and long-term solution)|\n|**SDG 4**: Quality Education \u2013 Access to education and
opportunities for development will increase the prospects of
better standards of living and reduce resort to violence.

**SDG 5**: Gender Equality \u2013 Promoting gender equality through
behavioral change initiatives and women/girls\u2019 empowerment
programs will eventually reduce GBV and the harmful
traditional practices perpetrated against women and girls,
resulting from conflict, and indiscriminate attacks on civilians.|Strengthening Protection Mechanisms: Establish specialized training programs
for law enforcement and judicial actors.

|\n\n\n**Recommended interventions (Strategic)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | March 2025\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Advocacy and Coordination Priorities**\n\nTo enhance the effectiveness of protection programs, it is essential to engage with government officials through regular policy\ndialogues at both national and state levels, aimed at addressing gaps in legislation and implementation. Additionally, mobilizing\nfunding from donors and international agencies will be crucial to sustaining these programs, with a particular focus on ensuring\ninclusive and equitable access to services. Furthermore, establishing grassroots initiatives will empower marginalized groups to\nadvocate for their rights, thereby fostering long-term social cohesion and accountability within communities. To enhance public\nawareness and promote unity and peaceful coexistence, we will develop multilingual audiovisual content that highlights individual\nrights. In tandem with this effort, we will partner with legal experts and human rights organizations to challenge discriminatory\npolicies and advocate for legal reforms through strategic litigation. Furthermore, we recognize the importance of community\ninvolvement, which is why we will facilitate town hall meetings, storytelling sessions, and local advocacy campaigns that empower\naffected communities to directly participate in shaping protection strategies.\n\n\n**Methodology -** In December 2024, South Sudan Protection Cluster organized sub-national workshops with state-level\ncluster coordination mechanisms to assess the severity of 15 Protection Risks at the county level. In January 2025, the\ncluster developed a PAU workplan and agreed with AoR coordination mechanisms to focus the upcoming update on the\nlinkages between top five protection risks and potential contributions of development and government stakeholders\naddreasing the reduction of [top protection risks] root causes. In February 2025, the PC and its AoRs organized a PAU\nworkshop gathering over 70 representatives of cluster partners working in South Sudan to identify key analytical\ncontributions to the PAU.\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n**[Dmytro Charskykh - charskyk@unhcr.org](mailto:charskyk@unhcr.org)** | **[Marianna Kritikou - marianna.kritikou@nrc.no](mailto:marianna.kritikou@nrc.no)** **| Dorijan Klasnic** - **[klasnic@unhcr.org](mailto:klasnic@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n[To register as a cluster member focal point on the distribution list please visit PC SSD Contact Collection tool. For updates, reports, and](https://enketo.unhcr.org/x/PjMsUtvb)\n[assessments please visit South Sudan | Global Protection Cluster. For the latest data and trends on the protection environment in SSD Also, please](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalprotectioncluster.org%2Femergencies%2F106%2FSouth%2520Sudan&data=05%7C01%7CKLASNIC%40unhcr.org%7Ca30b4ceed15c4ff1b9e608dbc68eaade%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638322088638681846%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=jEeYH0gtr4Yo79oxzVa5YpU3mQIfjPyQzFOYXBDbLu0%3D&reserved=0)\n\nvisit [SSD Protection Monitoring v2. To reach the PC 5W Dashboard and landing page, please visit SSD Dashboard](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.powerbi.com%2Fview%3Fr%3DeyJrIjoiMDg3NThiN2MtYzI4My00OTE0LThhNWMtNjIxN2NhZjQyMDI4IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9&data=05%7C01%7CKLASNIC%40unhcr.org%7Ca30b4ceed15c4ff1b9e608dbc68eaade%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638322088638681846%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=BIGdvoVXcHDuzqidxZNCceOXm46G7kNJ4hn9Ui%2BvARk%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\nPage 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SSD Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.994926929473877, - "start": 450, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/33464caa-eccc-44fa-bec0-d08ddbecbc68/pau25_protection_analysis_update_ssd_march_2025_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_851/raw/doc_851_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_851/raw/doc_851_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a3d743b3fbbd59338837f7e01cf7ba124fab071f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_851/raw/doc_851_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COLOMBIA** **Protection Analysis | ARAUCA**\n#### Analysis of protection risks related to the internal armed conflicts\n\n###### **AUGUST 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n##### **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\nArauca, a department in Colombia, shares approximately\n326 kilometers of its border with the Venezuelan state of\nApure. It has an estimated population of 313,097, of which\napproximately 77,037 are Venezuelan nationals. Currently,\ndissidents from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of\nColombia - People's Army (FARC-EP) and the National\nLiberation Army (ELN) are engaged in a violent struggle for\npolitical and economic control of the region, affecting both\nthe border areas and the interior of the department. These\nactions have seriously affected leaders and defenders of\nhuman rights.\n\n\nThe armed conflict has intensified following the breakdown\nof historic non-aggression and coexistence agreements\nbetween FARC-EP dissidents and the ELN. This has led to an\nopen and ongoing armed confrontation, in which the\nColombian army is also involved.\n\n\nThe protection risks that require immediate attention in\nthe period covered by this analysis are the following:\n\n\n**1.** **Attacks against the civilian population and unlawful killings.**\n**2.** **Impediment or illicit restriction of freedom of movement, confinement and forced displacement.**\n**3.** **Gender-based violence (GBV) related to armed conflict.**\n**4.** **Denial of access to resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access.**\n**5.** **Recruitment, use and utilization of children in armed groups.**\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\nUrgent measures are required to end harmful coping strategies resulting from the increasing territorial and social control\nexerted by Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs), which adversely impact the civilian population. It is therefore critical to:\n\n- Ensure the timely provision of humanitarian assistance by removing administrative barriers within institutions responsible\nfor managing mass and individual emergencies in Colombia, and by enhancing their capacity for rapid response in affected\nareas.\n\n- Implement comprehensive and long-term interventions in affected communities to foster lasting change.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | SEVERITY 2024 \u2013 2025**\n\n\nSTRESS SEVERE EXTREME CATASTROPHIC\n\nArauca, Arauquita, Saravena,\n\n - Cravo Norte Fortul, Tame, Puerto Rond\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n##### **CONTEXT**\n\n\n\n**Victims of Displacement**\n\n\n\n**Victims of**\n**confinement**\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n\n\n\n**Assassinated leaders**\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n\n\n\n**Missing Persons**\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n\n\n\n**Victims of Displacement** **Victims of** **Assassinated leaders** **Missing Persons** **Homicides**\n\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024) **confinement** (2023 \u2013 August 2024) (2023 \u2013 August 2024) (2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n## **10.200 8.519 21 207 279**\n\n\n\n(2023 \u2013 August 2024)\n\n\n\n**Women** **0 \u2013 17 years of**\n\n\n\n**Women** **0 \u2013 17 years of**\n\n\n\n**age**\n\n\n\n**Women** **0 \u2013 17 years of**\n\n\n\n**age** **age** **age**\n\n50 % 23 % 48 % 37 % - - - - 48 % 14 %\n\n\n\n**age**\n\n\n\nArauca is one of the departments most severely impacted by the internal armed conflict in Colombia. As of 2023, 34% of its population\nhas been officially recognized as victims of the armed conflict (approximately 3 out of 10 people). Over the past three years, the\neffects of the conflict have been most pronounced in the rural areas of Arauquita, Tame, and Puerto Rond\u00f3n, where human rights\nviolations and breaches of international humanitarian law continue during confrontations between NSAGs and State security forces.\nAdditionally, NSAGs employ strategies of territorial and social control to maintain their dominance in the department.\n\n\nThe risk level has escalated due to individual and collective threats, selective homicides, individual and mass displacement,\nconfinement, mobility restrictions, and impacts on physical and psychological well-being. Other risks include gender-based violence\n(GBV), sexual violence, recruitment and use of children and adolescents, the presence of Antipersonnel Mines (APMs), Unexploded\nOrdnance (UXO), and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), and the detrimental effects on educational institutions. These factors are\nexacerbated by the territorial control exerted by NSAGs, disproportionately affecting women, children, adolescents, Venezuelan\nrefugees and migrants, and indigenous communities. [iii] .\n\n\n**NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS (NSAGs)**\n\n\nThe department of Arauca has historically been a battleground for territorial disputes between two NSAGs, competing for political\nand economic control linked to oil exploitation, extortion, smuggling, and drug trafficking. In 2022, the collapse of non-aggression\nagreements between these groups triggered a period of intense armed conflict, with severe consequences for the civilian population.\n\n\nIn this context, populations with high levels of unmet basic needs (UBN), particularly in rural and hard-to-reach areas\u2014where three\nout of seven municipalities (Arauquita, Arauca, and Saravena) exceed the national average\u2014face increasing vulnerability. The\nprolonged humanitarian crisis severely impacts their capacity for economic, social, and community subsistence.\n\n##### **PROTECTION RISKS**\n###### RISK 1 Attacks against the civilian population and illicit killings\n\n\nAttacks on civilians are among the most severe consequences of the armed conflict in Arauca. The rise in selective homicides,\nparticularly targeting social leaders [iv], human rights defenders, and vulnerable individuals, is a significant cause for concern.\nReports from the Ombudsman's Office indicate that the killings of protected persons have increased compared to the previous\nyear. In 2023, five social leaders were murdered in the department; by the same period in 2024, this number had doubled to\nten.\n\n\nThese deaths, which include community leaders [v], demobilized individuals undergoing reincorporation, peasants, indigenous\nauthorities, and members of the LGBTIQ+ community, are directly linked to the territorial dispute between state and nonstate armed groups. The selective targeting of these individuals is associated with efforts by these groups to assert control\nover territory and population. The selective homicide of these people would be related to the dispute for territorial and\npopulation control between state and non-state armed groups in the territory. Additionally, the UARIV's single victim registry\nreported 50 killings in Arauca, including eight children and adolescents. This highlights the widespread nature of the violence,\nwith a disproportionate impact on the most vulnerable groups. [ vi]\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n\nImpediment or illicit restriction of freedom of movement, confinement and\n###### **RISK 2**\nforced displacement\n\nRestrictions on freedom of movement, both through confinement and forced displacement, remain a critical issue in Arauca. In 2023,\nthe Ombudsman's Office documented 112 cases of violations of the right to mobility, primarily in the municipalities of Tame,\nSaravena, Fortul, Arauquita, and Arauca. Most of the victims were civilians, reflecting the broad impact of these restrictive measures\nimposed by non-state armed groups .For the year 2024, the Victims Unit reports 15 people as disappeared/retained or kidnapped.\n\n\n**Displacements**\n\nDuring the first half of 2024, two mass displacements occurred in the municipality of Puerto Rond\u00f3n, displacing a total of 348 people\ndue to incursions by a NSAG in the villages of Normand\u00eda, El Progreso, and El Paisaje, where 18 people disappeared over a two-day\nperiod. In general terms, during 2023, approximately 8,504 people were forcibly displaced in the department, and by 2024, this\nnumber had reached 1,716 [vii] . It is important to note that the primary groups affected by mass displacement are children, adolescents,\nand women. Of the displaced, 23.13% were aged 0-17, 50.28% were women, and 73 individuals identified as part of the LGBTIQ\ncommunity [viii] .\n\nThe main causes of forced displacement are threats to life, personal safety, and physical freedom. Additionally, displacement is often\nused as a mean to prevent the recruitment, use, and exploitation of children by NSAGs, as well as to escape from threats and clashes\nbetween legal and illegal armed actors.\n\n\n**Confinements**\nIn Arauca, the conflict between the ELN and EMC FARC has intensified since 2022, marked by territorial control, restrictions on\nmobility, and the imposition of curfews. These measures have resulted in confinement and severe limitations on access to\nfundamental rights, including basic necessities like food security, freedom of movement, healthcare, education, and livelihoods. In\nthe department of Arauca during 2023, the Victims Unit reports a total of 2,155 victims of confinement [ix], and for 2024, the Local\nCoordination Team through humanitarian alerts issued by OCHA, has reported 25 communities affected by confinement for an\nestimated 6.364 people affected [x] . According to the needs identified and the institutional response, there are gaps in the humanitarian\nresponse in terms of Health, Food, Shelter, Protection, Education in Emergencies, and WASH (access to hygiene items).\n\n###### RISK 3 Gender-based Violence (GBV) related to the armed conflict\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) remains one of the most pervasive and destructive forms of violence in Arauca, directly linked to the\nongoing armed conflict. The use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and a tool for social control has been well-documented. In\n2023, according to the Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA), 1,083 cases of GBV were registered in the department, 20 of\nwhich were directly related to armed conflict, including seven cases of sexual violence.\n\n\nThe UARIV also reported 40 crimes against sexual freedom and integrity in 2023, directly related to the conflict. Despite the gravity\nof the situation, only a small percentage of these crimes are reported, and the barriers of access to justice and support services for\nsurvivors are enormous, especially in rural areas with limited State presence.\n\n\nWomen and girls are the main victims of GBV, facing greater risks of sexual abuse, exploitation, and violence in general. In addition,\nthe conflict dynamics have generated new forms of violence against them, such as forced recruitment and sexual exploitation in\ncontexts of territorial control. In 2024, the case of a sexually abused woman in the Vereda El Progreso, in the municipality of Puerto\nRond\u00f3n, once again highlighted how sexual violence continues to be used as an instrument of war.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n###### RISK 4 Denial of Access to resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access.\n\n\nThe presence of NSAGs in the region is multiple, complex, and historical, manifesting itself in various forms of territorial control and\nillicit activities that are exacerbated by the border dynamics between Colombia and Venezuela. Of the eight non-international armed\nconflicts in Colombia reported by the ICRC, at least three are in the department of Arauca [xi] . Between 2023 and 2024, there has been\nan increase in incidents of humanitarian access to the department and attacks against the medical mission [xii], due to the imposition\nof increasingly strong rules of conduct and social control by the NSAGs, represented in the presence of illegal checkpoints,\ninterference in humanitarian activities and/or theft of vehicles and intimidation of humanitarian personnel, threats, kidnappings,\nextortion, among other affectations; as well as the constant development of military activities and hostilities in the department,\nwhich have restricted the arrival of timely humanitarian assistance. Between 2023 and May 2024 [xiii], at least 10 attacks against the\nmedical mission and at least 28 incidents of humanitarian access have been identified in Arauca.\n\n\nAccording to the Humanitarian Balance published by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 2024, during 2023 in Arauca,\nbetween 1 and 9 affectations were identified by explosive devices that limited circulation in the territories, and 29 violent acts caused\nagainst health assistance. Considering this, it can be recommended that entities with principles of neutrality continue to make calls\nand conduct pedagogical exercises on the content of and compliance with International Humanitarian Law with all the armed groups.\n\n###### RISK 5 Recruitment, use and utilization of children in armed groups\n\n\nThe recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents by armed groups is one of the most serious human rights violations\nin Arauca. The armed conflict has created an environment conducive to forced recruitment, especially in rural areas where poverty,\nlack of opportunities and the weakening of family and community structures are evident.\n\n\nIn 2023, the UN Secretary-General's report on Children in Armed Conflict ranked Arauca in the fourth place at a national level in\nterms of grave violations related to the recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents. During the first semester of\n2024, this trend is estimated to have surpassed the previous year's figures, reflecting an intensification of this phenomenon. The\nOmbudsman's Office identified 15 cases of children at risk of recruitment, including members of Indigenous communities in Tame.\n\n\nThe recruitment of girls and adolescent women is especially alarming, because in addition to the risk of being involved in armed\nactivities, many are victims of sexual violence and exploitation within armed groups, even considering the under-reporting of cases\nof recruitment, which are not made visible due to the complexity of the context, making it impossible to identify, report, care and\nfollow up. These practices reinforce abusive power dynamics and perpetuate cycles of violence, devastatingly affecting the physical\nand emotional development of girls and adolescents. The disengagement of these children and adolescents from armed groups is a\nslow and complicated process that requires sustained efforts by the State and the international community for their rehabilitation\nand reintegration.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n##### **RESPONSE**\n\n**PROGRESS IN THE AREA OF PROTECTION**\n\n\nAs of August 2024, **11 organizations** have responded in the department\nof Arauca, reaching a total of **9.785 people**, of which 44% are women,\n26% men, 15% girls and 15% boys. Protection activities have covered 6 of\n7 municipalities of the department, concentrating in Tame and Arauca\nCapital, where 53% of the activities are implemented and 65% of the\npeople have been reached.\n\n\nRegarding the distribution of activities, 37% of the response from the\nProtection Cluster partners is focused in **activities on prevention and**\n**protection against risks** faced by individuals and communities. 32%\ncorresponds to **complementary response to State efforts** to provide\nprotection against violation of rights. And the remaining 31% are\n**activities that contribute to the achievement of durable and sustainable**\n**solutions** in the context of armed conflict and climate change.\n\n\nGeneral protection activities represent 72% of the actions implemented\nin the department. These include, mainly, the provision of **information,**\n**guidance, and legal assistance for access to the reparation of victims** of forced displacement, as well as the **delivery of emergency**\n**assistance that favor victims and/or survivors so that they can access institutional routes** which could promote the complementarity\nof State actions on protection. Child protection represents 18% of the response in the department, mostly through **programs for the**\n**prevention of recruitment, use and utilization of children and adolescents** . Gender-based violence response represents 9% and\nfocuses on case management services. And, in terms of Mine Action response, during 2024, three activities have been implemented\nfor **mine risk education and support for access to routes of protection for survivors** .\n\n\nFrom the Local Coordination Space in Arauca, important protection advocacy activities have been carried out, in which highlight:\n\n\n - Advocacy with the Victims Unit for the recognition of massive events, such as confinements.\n\n - Inter-agency Mission to 6 of the 7 municipalities to follow-up on situations of massive displacement and confinement.\n\n - Strengthening of local actors/stakeholders such as Government Secretariats, Public Ministry, ICBF, teachers, among\nothers, on issues of displacement, confinement and forced recruitment.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n##### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\nBased on this analysis, it is necessary to take urgent measures to stop exposure to the various risks that have been recorded\nacross this document. The Protection Cluster, the Areas of Responsibility and its partners consider that the actions listed here\nare necessary to avoid affecting communities and, in particular, to prevent the continued deterioration of their quality of life.\n\n\n**RISK 1** Attacks against the civilian population and illicit killings\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND THE PARTIES IN THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Investigate and punish the events that have occurred as a mean of increasing prevention in the fight against impunity.\n\n - Favor collective protection schemes against threats to human rights defenders to prevent their forced leave of the territory.\n\n - Update the routes for prevention, protection and guarantees of non-repetition in risks against life and freedom.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Participate and influence in public policy scenarios of comprehensive attention to victims, specifically in Prevention and\nProtection Subcommittees to document the human rights violations generated in the context of the conflict and promote\ncomplementary responses to the competent authorities to guarantee spaces of trust that promote prevention, attention to\nrisks and/or human rights violations, and guarantees of non-repetition.\n\n\nImpediment or illicit restriction of freedom of movement, confinement and forced displacement\n**RISK 2**\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND THE PARTIES IN THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Update the municipal and departmental contingency plans, with a real increase in the budget allocation that adjust with the\ndepartment\u2019s emergencies.\n\n - Identify and promote the compliance with the routes of comprehensive attention to forced internal displacement, to access in\nsituations of risk and protection violations.\n\n - Promote the restoration of rights of the victims of displacement and confinement in the territory.\n\n - Support solutions processes, including returns, relocations, and local integration principles.\n\n - Promote the creation of community contingency plans in villages where mass displacement and confinement are concurrent\nor prolonged.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n - Bet on long-term intervention processes that guarantee proactive protection or by presence, allowing a more real\naccompaniment to the communities that allow prevention and strengthening of protective environments.\n\n - Strengthen the training of civil servants in the public policy of attention to victims, especially in the functioning of\ninstitutional coordination spaces such as Transitional Justice Committees and subcommittees, protocols for attention\nto emergencies and the registry of the Victim\u2019s Unit.\n\n - Focus on strengthening protection or humanitarian spaces, with community infrastructure in communities affected\nby mass displacement and concurrent or prolonged confinement.\n\n\n**RISK 3** Gender-Based Violence (GBV) related to the armed conflict\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND PARTIES IN THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Strengthen state entities to ensure compliance with protection measures for survivors of GBV, such as the provision of Safe\nHouses for their shelter, easy access to transport to take safe routes, access to minimum subsistence supplies, among others\nthat imply a comprehensive response, seeking to strengthen the technical capacities of multi-sectoral teams (health, protection,\njustice and education) to address gender-based violence under approaches and guiding principles.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n\n - In addition to the gender approach, GBV requires an intersectional approach to understand the multiple affectations in\npopulation groups.\n\n - Guarantee access to the route for prevention and response to gender-based violence through mobile teams that access the\nmost affected territories by armed conflict, and at the same time, ensuring that the spaces for attention are easily accessible to\nthe communities, so that they can opt for comprehensive, psychosocial, and legal attention, with the activation of the safe\nreferral route.\n\n - The Public Ministry must implement surveillance mechanisms to monitor full and unrestricted attention measures (housing,\nfood, and transport) for victims of violence, in accordance with current regulations.\n\n - Ensure concrete actions for the stabilization of the economic situation of survivors of gender-based violence.\n\n - Train public officials (police, army, judges, prosecutors, family commissioners, health personnel) on gender-based violence, with\nemphasis on sexual violence related to the armed conflict, the rights of women and girls, international humanitarian law, and\nthrough this, promote the strengthening of coordination mechanisms between each of the entities so that the actions to be\ntaken are more effective and comprehensive.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n - Support the sustainability of community-based organizations and women's networks that work to prevent, respond to, and\ndenounce gender-based violence, promoting their own protection strategies that last over time, strengthening the\nparticipation of women-led organizations in leadership positions and decision-making.\n\n - Guarantee the physical and long-term permanence of teams and personnel with the capacity to address cases with a\ndifferential approach, including ethnic approach, so that they can identify, activate routes and follow up on cases and trends,\npromoting personnel who have constant access to the most affected territories by the conflict, guaranteeing care measures\nin emergency situations through specialized humanitarian professionals who guarantee the guiding principles and approaches\nfor interventions against GBV. This, through the implementation of Safe Spaces, psychosocial care, dignity kits, cash in\nemergencies, as well as strengthening the structure of temporary shelters and/or safe houses.\n\n - Ensure the use of mass and community media that allow for a broad diffusion in diverse territories and in diverse forms\n(physical, digital, text, audio, social media, radio, television) to reach key messages related to preventing and responding to\ngender-based violence.\n\n - Promote and prioritize support for entrepreneurship and employability initiatives for survivors of gender-based violence, in\norder to reduce risks and foster financial freedom for victims, so that they have more autonomy in decision-making, seeking\nto implement concrete actions to stabilize the economic situation of survivors of gender-based violence.\n\n - Involve the male population in the planning and implementation of actions, especially in relation to the prevention of genderbased violence.\n\n - It is recommended to implement sustainable strategies to overcome the limitations of duty-bearers (State) in fulfilling their\nobligations to guarantee a life free of violence.\n\n\n**RISK 4** Denial of Access to resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND PARTIES IN THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Demand respect for International Humanitarian Law, allowing humanitarian actors to access areas with communities affected\nby armed conflict, and allowing communities to access humanitarian response.\n\n - Allow and maintain respect for and access to medical missions in the communities most affected by the armed conflict.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n - Strengthen and train field teams for humanitarian access in hard-to-reach communities or with prolonged conflicts. This\ntraining should also prioritize programmatic teams.\n\n - Humanitarian organizations are encouraged to use inter-agency coordination spaces to articulate actions in communities that\nare confined or have mobility restrictions, in order to avoid harmful actions.\n\n - Report and notify local coordination teams or the humanitarian team of incidents or barriers to humanitarian access, to make\nthese protection risks visible to more humanitarian actors.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n\n**RISK 5** Recruitment, use and utilization of children in armed groups\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT AND PARTIES IN THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Increase awareness-raising, prevention and protection actions that involve families, teachers, local authorities, Indigenous\npeoples, and the community in general to build protective environments, life projects and generate actions for the recognition\nand mitigation of risk for children and adolescents.\n\n - Actions at a community level on issues of prevention of recruitment, use, utilization, and gender-based violence (GBV) due to\nthe protection risks faced by children, adolescents, and caretakers. The actions to be conducted should consider an ethnic\nand/or differential approach.\n\n - Implement psychosocial care programmes with an ethnic focus because of the armed conflict, including psycho-emotional\nrecovery actions aimed to children and adolescents.\n\n - Activation and mobilization of the Departmental roundtable for the prevention of recruitment, use and utilization, for the\nmonitoring and technical accompaniment of the municipalities.\n\n - Implement the Safe Schools action plan at the territorial level to protect the educational community amid armed conflict and\nstrengthen the protective role of education for children and adolescents.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n - Longer-term and permanent strategies for prevention and protection actions in communities with a focus on\nchildren and adolescents.\n\n - Implementation of prevention and mental health actions for communities. Situations of crossfire, confinement,\ndisplacement, separation from parents or caretakers increase vulnerability and the adoption of violence as a way of life for\nchildren and adolescents.\n\n - Institutional strengthening of local entities, civil servants, and public officials in actions for prevention and response in\nthe care route.\n\n - Support and funding for child/adolescent-led initiatives in communities.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe methodology of this Protection Analysis Update (PAU) has combined periodic monitoring by the Arauca Local\nCoordination Team, the Children\u2019s Sub-Working Group and the GBV Sub-Working Group, as well as qualitative inputs from\nmeetings and consultations with local partners, key informants, and affected population. The analysis process has followed\nthe methodology of severity, estimations of Persons in Need (PIN), and Protection Analytical Framework (PAF).\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nThis analysis has followed a logic of qualitative and quantitative analysis derived from official data for subsequent\ninterpretation by experts. On the other hand, to avoid potential risks that could be generated for the communities, the\nmeetings with them were limited.\n\n\nTherefore, the exercises for information gathering and analysis of the humanitarian situation focused on secondary data\nand interviews with local actors.\n\n\nFor more information, please contact: **Sebasti\u00e1n D\u00edaz** [diazj@unhcr.org](mailto:diazj@unhcr.org) | **Gabriela Villota** [gabriela.villota@drc.ngo](mailto:gabriela.villota@drc.ngo)\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Analysis Update", - "confidence": 0.6793598532676697, - "start": 19, - "end": 22 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "qualitative and quantitative analysis", - "confidence": 0.7477478981018066, - "start": 107, - "end": 111 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.8563427925109863, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.6688112616539001, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "secondary data", - "confidence": 0.7065122127532959, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.6480412483215332, - "start": 136, - "end": 137 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTMENT OF ARAUCA** | August 2024\n\n\n**Notes**\n\n\n[i International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Colombia: Humanitarian Challenges 2023.](https://www.icrc.org/es/document/colombia-retos-humanitarios-2023)\n\nii According to figures from Migration Colombia, there is a record of more than 270,000 people from Venezuela with the intention of staying\nwho have pre-registered for the Temporary Protection Status (PPT) as of 30 June 2023.\n\niii For more information: MIRA report \u2013 Communities of Suerera, Shubacbarina (Teorema) y Karikachaboquita (Tib\u00fa) \u2013 Norte de Santander,\nColombia, September 20, 2022 and Early Warnings 050-20, 004-21 and 025-21 Obusdman.\n\niv Ombudsman\u2019s Office, Follow-up Report No. 009.24 Early Warning No. 011-23 for the municipalities of Arauca, Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena\nand Tame, in the Department of Arauca. May 9th, 2024, Bogota.\n\nv Institute for development and peace studies (INDEPAZ), SOCIAL LEADERS, HUMAN RIGHTS DEFNDERS AND AGREEMENT SIGNERS\nMURDERED IN 2023. December 20th, 2023.\n[vi Victim\u2019s Unit (UARIV), National Information Network: Wednesday, July 31st, 2024.](https://cifras.unidadvictimas.gov.co/)\n\nvii _Ibid._\nviii _Ibid._\nix _Ibid._\n\n[x OCHA, Humanitarian Situation Alerts, https://response.reliefweb.int/colombia/alertas-de-situacion-humanitaria](https://response.reliefweb.int/colombia/alertas-de-situacion-humanitaria)\n\n[xi International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC), Colombia: Humanitarian Challenges 2023.](https://www.icrc.org/es/document/colombia-retos-humanitarios-2023)\n[xii OCHA, Colombia: Humanitarian Access Balance 2022 (January - December) - 2023 (January - July).](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-balance-de-acceso-humanitario-2022-enero-diciembre-de-2022#%3A~%3Atext%3DEntre%20enero%20y%20diciembre%20del%2Cla%20movilidad%2C%20al%20acceso%20a)\n[xiii OCHA, Colombia: Humanitarian Access Balance 2022 (January - December) - 2023 (January - July).](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-balance-de-acceso-humanitario-2022-enero-diciembre-de-2022#%3A~%3Atext%3DEntre%20enero%20y%20diciembre%20del%2Cla%20movilidad%2C%20al%20acceso%20a)\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8b581a5e-71d4-4812-8e3e-9b3b24ec8ca0/pau_arauca_aug-24_english51.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_852/raw/doc_852_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_852/raw/doc_852_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 57a18dcd8ad486e105d9a7263a91eba76e023838..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_852/raw/doc_852_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **COLOMBIA** **An\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n | ARAUCA**\n#### An\u00e1lisis de los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n relacionados con el conflicto armado\n\n###### **AGOSTO DE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n##### **RESUMEN EJECUTIVO**\n\n\nArauca es un departamento colombiano que comparte\naproximadamente 326 km de frontera con el Estado\nApure, Venezuela. Tiene unos 313.097 habitantes, de los\nque aproximadamente 77.037 son venezolanos.\nActualmente, las disidencias de las Fuerzas Armadas\nRevolucionarias de Colombia - Ej\u00e9rcito del Pueblo (FARCEP) y el Ej\u00e9rcito de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional (ELN) disputan el\ncontrol pol\u00edtico y econ\u00f3mico del territorio, tanto en la\nfrontera con Venezuela como en el interior del\ndepartamento mediante acciones b\u00e9licas desde sus\ndiferentes frentes. Estas acciones han afectado\ngravemente a l\u00edderes y defensoras de derechos humanos.\n\n\nEl conflicto armado ha escalado debido a la ruptura de los\nacuerdos hist\u00f3ricos de no agresi\u00f3n y convivencia entre las\ndisidencias de las FARC-EP y el ELN, lo que ha generado una\nconfrontaci\u00f3n armada abierta entre estos grupos, en la que\ntambi\u00e9n participa el Ej\u00e9rcito colombiano. Este conflicto\nsigue vigente.\n\n\nLos riesgos de protecci\u00f3n que requieren atenci\u00f3n\ninmediata en el per\u00edodo que abarca este an\u00e1lisis son los\nsiguientes:\n\n**1.** **Ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil y asesinatos il\u00edcitos.**\n**2.** **Impedimento o restricci\u00f3n il\u00edcita a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, confinamiento y desplazamiento forzado.**\n**3.** **Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero (VBG) relacionada con el conflicto armado.**\n**4.** **Denegaci\u00f3n del acceso a recursos, oportunidades, servicios y/o acceso humanitario.**\n**5.** **Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en grupos armados.**\n\n**MEDIDAS URGENTES NECESARIAS**\n\nEs necesario actuar con urgencia para poner fin a las estrategias no adecuadas de afrontamiento que est\u00e1n surgiendo\nimpulsadas por el creciente control territorial y social de los Grupos Armados No Estatales (GANE), que afectan negativamente\na la poblaci\u00f3n civil. Por ello, es fundamental:\n\n- Garantizar la prestaci\u00f3n oportuna de asistencia humanitaria, eliminando las barreras administrativas de las instituciones\nresponsables de atender emergencias masivas e individuales en Colombia, y fortaleciendo su capacidad de acci\u00f3n\ninmediata en el territorio.\n\n- Realizar intervenciones m\u00e1s integrales y de largo plazo en las comunidades afectadas, para propiciar transformaciones\nduraderas.\n\n\n**AN\u00c1LISIS DE LA GRAVEDAD DE LOS RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N | SEVERIDAD 2024 \u2013 2025**\n\n\nESTR\u00c9S GRAVE EXTREMA CATASTR\u00d3FICA\n\n - Cravo Norte - Arauca, Arauquita, Saravena,\nFortul, Tame, Puerto Rond\u00f3n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n##### **CONTEXTO**\n\n\n\n**V\u00edctimas de**\n**Desplazamiento**\n(2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n\n\n\n**V\u00edctimas de**\n**confinamiento**\n(2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n\n\n\n**asesinados**\n(2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n\n\n\n**Lideres y Lideresas**\n\n\n\n**V\u00edctimas de** **V\u00edctimas de** **Lideres y Lideresas** **Personas Desaparecidas** **Homicidios**\n**Desplazamiento** **confinamiento** **asesinados** (2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024) (2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n(2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024) (2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024) (2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n## **10.200 8.519 21 207 279**\n\n**Mujeres** **0 \u2013 17 a\u00f1os** **mujeres** **0 \u2013 17 a\u00f1os** **mujeres** **0 \u2013 17 a\u00f1os**\n\n\n\n**Personas Desaparecidas**\n\n(2023 \u2013 agosto de 2024)\n\n\n\n50 % 23 % 48 % 37 % - - - - 48 % 14 %\n\n\nArauca es uno de los departamentos m\u00e1s afectados por el conflicto armado interno en Colombia. Hasta 2023, el 34% de su poblaci\u00f3n\nha sido reconocida como v\u00edctima del conflicto armado (3 de cada 10 personas). En los \u00faltimos tres a\u00f1os, esta afectaci\u00f3n se ha\nconcentrado en las zonas rurales de Arauquita, Tame y Puerto Rond\u00f3n, donde se siguen violando los derechos humanos y el Derecho\nInternacional Humanitario en medio de los enfrentamientos entre los GANE y la fuerza p\u00fablica, as\u00ed como, en las estrategias de control\nterritorial y social que utilizan los Grupos Armados No Estatales (GANE) [i] para mantener su poder en el departamento.\n\n\nEl nivel de riesgo ha aumentado debido a amenazas individuales y colectivas, homicidios selectivos, desplazamientos individuales y\nmasivos, confinamientos, restricciones a la movilidad, afectaciones a la integridad f\u00edsica y psicol\u00f3gica, Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero\n(VBG) y Violencia Sexual, reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes (NNA), presencia de Minas Antipersonal\n(MAP), Municiones sin Explosionar (MSE) y Artefactos Explosivos Improvisados (AEI), afectaciones a Instituciones Educativas, entre\notras, derivados del control territorial por parte de las GANE, destacando el impacto desproporcionado en t\u00e9rminos de protecci\u00f3n\nen mujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, poblaci\u00f3n refugiada y migrante venezolana [ii], y pueblos ind\u00edgenas [iii] .\n\n\n**GRUPOS ARMADOS NO ESTATALES (GANE)**\n\n\nEl departamento de Arauca ha sido hist\u00f3ricamente escenario de disputas territoriales entre dos GANE que luchan por el control\npol\u00edtico y econ\u00f3mico, relacionado con la explotaci\u00f3n petrolera, extorsiones, contrabando y narcotr\u00e1fico. En 2022, la ruptura de\nacuerdos de no agresi\u00f3n entre estos grupos llev\u00f3 a un per\u00edodo de intensas acciones armadas, afectando gravemente a la poblaci\u00f3n\ncivil.\n\n\nEn este contexto, la poblaci\u00f3n que tiene altos niveles de necesidades b\u00e1sicas insatisfechas (NBI), especialmente en zonas rurales y\nde dif\u00edcil acceso, (donde 3 de los 7 municipios del departamento tienen tasas superiores al margen nacional: Arauquita, Arauca y\nSaravena) ven acentuadas sus condiciones de vulnerabilidad por estas situaciones humanitarias prolongadas, afectando\ndirectamente su capacidad de subsistencia econ\u00f3mica, social y comunitaria.\n\n##### **RIESGOS DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n###### RIESGO 1 Ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil y asesinatos il\u00edcitos\n\nLos ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil han sido una de las manifestaciones m\u00e1s graves del conflicto armado en Arauca. El\naumento de homicidios selectivos, especialmente contra lideres sociales [iv], defensores de derechos humanos, y personas que\npertenecen a sectores vulnerables, ha generado una gran preocupaci\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan informes de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, los\nhomicidios de personas protegidas se han intensificado respecto al a\u00f1o anterior. En 2023 se registraron cinco asesinatos de\nl\u00edderes sociales en el departamento, mientras que en el mismo periodo de 2024 esa cifra aument\u00f3 a diez, duplicando el n\u00famero\nde v\u00edctimas.\n\n\nEstas muertes, que incluyen a l\u00edderes comunitarios [v], poblaci\u00f3n desmovilizada y en proceso de reincorporaci\u00f3n, campesinos,\nautoridades ind\u00edgenas y miembros de la poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+, est\u00e1n directamente relacionadas con la disputa por el control\nterritorial entre los grupos armados estatales y no estatales. El homicidio selectivo de estas personas estar\u00eda relacionado a la\ndisputa por el control territorial y poblacional entre los grupos armados estatales y no estatales en el territorio. Adem\u00e1s, el registro\n\u00fanico de v\u00edctimas de la UARIV report\u00f3 50 personas asesinadas en Arauca, incluyendo ocho ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, lo que\nrefleja el nivel de violencia indiscriminada que afecta a toda la poblaci\u00f3n, pero con un impacto desproporcionado en los\nsectores m\u00e1s vulnerables [vi] .\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\nImpedimento o restricci\u00f3n il\u00edcita a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, confinamiento y\n###### **RIESGO 2**\ndesplazamiento forzado\n\nLas restricciones a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, tanto en forma de confinamientos como de desplazamientos forzados, contin\u00faan siendo\nuno de los problemas m\u00e1s cr\u00edticos en Arauca. En 2023, la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo document\u00f3 la vulneraci\u00f3n del derecho a la movilidad\nde 112 personas, especialmente en los municipios de Tame, Saravena, Fortul, Arauquita y Arauca. La mayor\u00eda de estas v\u00edctimas\npertenecen a la poblaci\u00f3n civil, lo que refleja el impacto generalizado de estas medidas restrictivas impuestas por los grupos armados\nno estatales. Para el a\u00f1o 2024 la Unidad de Victimas reporta 15 personas como desaparecidas/retenidas o secuestradas.\n\n\n**Desplazamientos**\nEn lo que va del 2024, se han presentado 2 desplazamientos masivos en el municipio de Puerto Rond\u00f3n para un total de 348 personas\na causa de las incursiones de un GANE a las veredas de Normand\u00eda, el Progreso y el Paisaje, donde se desaparecieron 18 personas en\nun solo dos d\u00edas. Ahora bien, en t\u00e9rminos generales, en el 2023 se desplazaron forzosamente 8.504 personas en el Departamento y\npara el 2024, se han desplazado 1,716 personas [vii] . Es importante resaltar que los principales perfiles afectados por el desplazamiento\nmasivo son Ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes y mujeres, donde el 23,13% de las v\u00edctimas tienen entre 0 \u2013 17 a\u00f1os, el 50.28% de las v\u00edctimas\nson mujeres y se reporta que 73 personas se identifican con poblaci\u00f3n LGTBIQ [viii] .\n\n\nLas principales causas de desplazamiento forzado se encuentra las amenazas contra la vida, la integridad y la libertad f\u00edsica. Tambi\u00e9n\ncomo mecanismo para evadir el reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de sus hijos e hijas por parte de GANE, amenazas, y enfrentamientos\nentre actores armados legales e ilegales.\n\n\n**Confinamientos**\nEn el departamento de Arauca, el recrudecimiento del conflicto entre el ELN y el EMC FARC ha venido en aumento desde el 2022\nmediante el control territorial, las limitaciones de movilidad por el territorio y la imposici\u00f3n de horarios, configurando confinamientos\n\n- restricciones a la movilidad que han generado limitaciones en el acceso a derechos fundamentales como el m\u00ednimo vital, seguridad\nalimentaria, libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, salud, educaci\u00f3n y medios de vida. En el departamento de Arauca para el 2023 se reportan por\nparte de la Unidad de Victimas un total de 2.155 personas v\u00edctimas de confinamiento [ix] y para el 2024, desde el Equipo Local de\nCoordinaci\u00f3n mediante las alertas humanitarias emitidas por OCHA, se han reportado 25 comunidades afectadas por confinamiento\npara un estimado de 6.364 personas afectadas por confinamiento [x] . De acuerdo con las necesidades identificadas y la respuesta\ninstitucional, se evidencian vac\u00edos en la respuesta humanitaria en Salud, Alimentaci\u00f3n, Alojamiento, Protecci\u00f3n, Educaci\u00f3n en\nemergencia y WASH (en acceso a elementos de higiene).\n\n###### RIESGO 3 Violencia basada en g\u00e9nero (VBG) relacionada con el conflicto armado\n\n\nLa violencia basada en g\u00e9nero es una de las formas de violencia m\u00e1s devastadoras y recurrentes en Arauca, y est\u00e1 directamente\nrelacionada con el conflicto armado. La utilizaci\u00f3n de la violencia sexual como arma de guerra y herramienta de control social ha sido\ndocumentada en m\u00faltiples ocasiones. Seg\u00fan el Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud P\u00fablica (SIVIGILA), en 2023 se registraron 1.083 casos\nde violencia de g\u00e9nero en el departamento, de los cuales 20 ocurrieron en el marco del conflicto armado, incluidos siete casos de\nviolencia sexual.\n\n\nLa UARIV tambi\u00e9n report\u00f3 40 delitos contra la libertad e integridad sexual en 2023, relacionados directamente con el conflicto. Pese\na la gravedad de la situaci\u00f3n, solo un peque\u00f1o porcentaje de estos delitos se denuncia, y las barreras para el acceso a la justicia y a\nlos servicios de apoyo para las sobrevivientes son enormes, especialmente en zonas rurales con limitada presencia del Estado.\n\n\nLas mujeres y ni\u00f1as son las principales v\u00edctimas de la VBG, enfrentando mayores riesgos de abuso sexual, explotaci\u00f3n y violencia en\ngeneral. Adem\u00e1s, las din\u00e1micas del conflicto han generado nuevas formas de violencia contra ellas, como el reclutamiento forzado y\nla explotaci\u00f3n sexual en contextos de control territorial. En 2024, el caso de una mujer abusada sexualmente en la Vereda El Progreso\ndel municipio de Puerto Rond\u00f3n, puso nuevamente en evidencia c\u00f3mo la violencia sexual sigue siendo utilizada como instrumento\nde guerra.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\nDenegaci\u00f3n del acceso a recursos, oportunidades, servicios y/o acceso\n###### **RIESGO 4**\nhumanitario.\n\n\nLa presencia de GANE en la regi\u00f3n es m\u00faltiple, compleja e hist\u00f3rica, manifest\u00e1ndose en diversas formas en el control territorial y en\nlas actividades il\u00edcitas que se ven exacerbadas por las din\u00e1micas fronterizas entre Colombia y Venezuela. De los ocho conflictos\narmados no internacionales existentes en Colombia y advertidos por el CICR, al menos 3 de ellos se dan en el departamento de\nArauca [xi] . Entre 2023 y 2024, se ha registrado un aumento en los incidentes de acceso humanitario al departamento y ataques contra\nla misi\u00f3n m\u00e9dica [xii], debido a la imposici\u00f3n de normas de conducta y de control social cada vez m\u00e1s fuertes por parte de los GANE,\nrepresentado en presencia de retenes ilegales, interferencias en las actividades humanitarias y/o robo de veh\u00edculos e intimidaciones\nhacia el personal humanitario, amenazas, secuestros, extorsiones, entre otras afectaciones; As\u00ed como el constante desarrollo de\nactividades militares y hostilidades en el departamento, que han restringido la llegada de asistencia humanitaria oportuna. Entre\n2023 y mayo de 2024 [xiii], se han identificado al menos 10 ataques contra la misi\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y al menos 28 incidentes de acceso\nhumanitario en Arauca.\n\n\nSeg\u00fan el Balance Humanitario que el Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja public\u00f3 en el a\u00f1o 2024, durante el a\u00f1o 2023 en Arauca se\nidentificaron entre 1 y 9 afectaciones por artefactos explosivos que limitaron la circulaci\u00f3n en los territorios, y 29 actos violentos\nocasionados contra la asistencia en salud. Ante esto se puede recomendar que las entidades con principios de neutralidad puedan\nseguir haciendo llamados y ejercicios pedag\u00f3gicos sobre el contenido y cumplimiento del Derecho Internacional Humanitario con\ntodos los grupos armados.\n\n###### RIESGO 5 Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en grupos armados.\n\n\nEl reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes por parte de los grupos armados es una de las violaciones m\u00e1s\ngraves de derechos humanos en Arauca. El conflicto armado ha generado un entorno propicio para el reclutamiento forzoso,\nespecialmente en zonas rurales donde la pobreza, la falta de oportunidades y el debilitamiento de las estructuras familiares y\ncomunitarias son evidentes.\n\n\nEn 2023, el informe del secretario general de Naciones Unidas sobre Ni\u00f1ez en Conflictos Armados situ\u00f3 a Arauca en el cuarto lugar a\nnivel nacional en cuanto a violaciones graves relacionadas con el reclutamiento, uso y la utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\nDurante el primer semestre de 2024, se estima que esta tendencia ha superado las cifras del a\u00f1o anterior, lo que refleja una\nintensificaci\u00f3n de este fen\u00f3meno. La Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo identific\u00f3 15 casos de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en riesgo de reclutamiento, incluidos\nmiembros de comunidades ind\u00edgenas en Tame.\n\n\nEl reclutamiento de ni\u00f1as y adolescentes mujeres es especialmente alarmante, ya que adem\u00e1s del riesgo de ser involucradas en\nactividades armadas, muchas son v\u00edctimas de violencia sexual y explotaci\u00f3n dentro de los grupos armados, a esto, se suma el\nsubregistro que existe en los casos de reclutamiento que no son visibilizados por la complejidad del contexto e imposibilita realizar\nla identificaci\u00f3n, reporte, atenci\u00f3n y seguimiento. Estas pr\u00e1cticas refuerzan din\u00e1micas de poder abusivas y perpet\u00faan ciclos de\nviolencia, afectando de manera devastadora el desarrollo f\u00edsico y emocional de las ni\u00f1as y adolescentes. La desvinculaci\u00f3n de estos\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes de los grupos armados es un proceso lento y complicado que requiere esfuerzos sostenidos por parte del\nEstado y la comunidad internacional para su rehabilitaci\u00f3n y reintegraci\u00f3n.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n##### **RESPUESTA**\n\n**AVANCES EN MATERIA DE PROTECCI\u00d3N**\n\n\nA agosto de 2024, **11 organizaciones** han brindado respuesta en el\ndepartamento de Arauca, alcanzando a un total de **9.785 personas**, de\nlas cuales el 44% son mujeres, el 26% hombres, el 15% ni\u00f1as y el 15%\nni\u00f1os. Las actividades de protecci\u00f3n han cubierto 6 de los 7 municipios\ndel departamento, concentr\u00e1ndose en Tame y Arauca capital, donde se\nimplementa el 53% de las actividades y se ha alcanzado al 65% de las\npersonas.\n\n\nEn cuanto a la distribuci\u00f3n de las actividades, el 37% de la respuesta de\nlos socios del Cl\u00faster de protecci\u00f3n se enfoca en **actividades de**\n**prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n ante riesgos** que enfrentan las personas y\ncomunidades. El 32% corresponde a acciones de **respuesta**\n**complementaria a los esfuerzos del Estado** parar brindar protecci\u00f3n\nfrente a la violaci\u00f3n de derechos. Y, El 31% restante son **actividades que**\n**contribuyen al logro de soluciones duraderas y sostenibles** en el marco\ndel conflicto armado y cambio clim\u00e1tico.\n\n\nLas actividades de protecci\u00f3n general representan el 72% de las acciones implementadas en el departamento. Estas incluyen,\nprincipalmente, la provisi\u00f3n de **informaci\u00f3n, orientaci\u00f3n y asistencia legal para el acceso a la reparaci\u00f3n de v\u00edctimas** de\ndesplazamiento forzado, as\u00ed como la **entrega de asistencia de urgencia que favorecen a las v\u00edctimas y/o sobrevivientes para que**\n**puedan acceder a rutas institucionales** y/o con las que se promueva la complementariedad de la acci\u00f3n estatal en materia de\nprotecci\u00f3n. Protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez representa el 18% de la respuesta en el departamento, en mayor medida a trav\u00e9s de **programas**\n**de prevenci\u00f3n de reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de NNA** . El 9% de la respuesta se da ante violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero y se centra\nen servicios de gesti\u00f3n de casos. Y, en cuanto a la respuesta de acci\u00f3n contra minas, en lo que va de 2024, se han implementado tres\nactividades para la **educaci\u00f3n en el riesgo de minas y el apoyo al acceso a rutas de protecci\u00f3n para sobrevivientes** .\n\n\nDesde el Espacio Local de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Arauca se han llevado a cabo importantes actividades de incidencia en protecci\u00f3n, entre\nlas cuales destacan:\n\n - Incidencia con la Unidad de V\u00edctimas para el reconocimiento de eventos masivos, como confinamientos.\n\n - Misi\u00f3n interagencial a 6 de los 7 municipios para hacer seguimiento a las situaciones de desplazamiento masivo y\nconfinamiento.\n\n - Fortalecimiento de actores locales en temas de desplazamiento, confinamiento, y reclutamiento forzado, entre ellos\nSecretar\u00edas de Gobierno, Ministerio P\u00fablico, ICBF, docentes, entre otros.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n##### **RECOMENDACIONES**\n\nCon base en este an\u00e1lisis, es necesario tomar medidas urgentes para detener la exposici\u00f3n a los diversos riesgos que se han\nregistrado. El Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, las \u00e1reas de responsabilidad y sus socios consideran que las acciones aqu\u00ed enumeradas\nson necesarias para evitar afectaciones a las comunidades y, en especial, para evitar el continuo desmejoramiento de la calidad\nde vida de estas.\n\n\n**RIESGO 1** Ataques contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil y asesinatos il\u00edcitos\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO y LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO**\n\n\n - Investigar y sancionar los hechos ocurridos como recurso para aumentar la prevenci\u00f3n desde la lucha contra la impunidad.\n\n - Favorecer esquemas de protecci\u00f3n colectiva ante amenazas para personas defensoras de derechos humanos que no obliguen\nla salida del territorio.\n\n - Actualizar las rutas de prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n y garant\u00edas de no repetici\u00f3n ante riesgos contra la vida y la libertad.\n\n\n**LOS ACTORES HUMANITARIOS**\n\n\n - Participar e incidir en escenarios de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n integral a v\u00edctimas, espec\u00edficamente Subcomit\u00e9s de Prevenci\u00f3n\ny Protecci\u00f3n para documentar las vulneraciones de derechos humanos generadas en marco del conflicto y promover respuestas\ncomplementarias a las autoridades competentes para garantizar espacios de confianza que promuevan la prevenci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n\nde riesgos y/o violaciones de derechos humanos y garant\u00edas de no repetici\u00f3n.\n\n\nImpedimento o restricci\u00f3n il\u00edcita a la libertad de circulaci\u00f3n, confinamiento y desplazamiento\n**RIESGO 2**\nforzado\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO y LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO**\n\n\n - Actualizar los planes de contingencia municipales y el departamental, con un aumento real de lo asignaci\u00f3n presupuestal que\nse ajuste a las emergencias del departamento.\n\n - Identificar y promover el cumplimiento de las rutas de atenci\u00f3n integral al desplazamiento forzado interno, para acceder ante\nsituaciones de riesgo o vulneraciones de protecci\u00f3n.\n\n - Promover el restablecimiento de derechos de las v\u00edctimas del desplazamiento y confinamiento en el territorio.\n\n - Favorecer procesos de soluciones, entre ellos retorno, reubicaci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n local con cumplimiento de principios.\n\n - Promover la creaci\u00f3n de planes de contingencias comunitarios en veredas donde los hechos de desplazamiento masivo y\nconfinamientos son concurrentes o prolongados.\n\n\n**LOS ACTORES HUMANITARIOS**\n\n\n - Apostarles a procesos de intervenci\u00f3n a m\u00e1s largo tiempo, que garantice protecci\u00f3n por presencia o proactiva, que permita un\nacompa\u00f1amiento m\u00e1s real a las comunidades que permitan la prevenci\u00f3n y el fortalecimiento de los entornos protectores.\n\n - Fortalecer la formaci\u00f3n de funcionarios p\u00fablicos en la pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de atenci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas, especialmente en el\nfuncionamiento de los espacios de coordinaci\u00f3n institucional como Comit\u00e9s de Justicias Transicional y los subcomit\u00e9s,\nprotocoles de atenci\u00f3n a emergencias y registro de la unidad de v\u00edctimas.\n\n - Apostar al fortalecimiento de espacios de protecci\u00f3n o espacios humanitarios, con infraestructura comunitaria en\ncomunidades con afectaciones desplazamiento masivo y confinamientos son concurrentes o prolongados.\n\n\n**RIESGO 3** Violencia de g\u00e9nero y de pareja relacionada con los conflictos\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO y LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO**\n\n\n - Fortalecer a las entidades estatales para materializar el cumplimiento de las medidas de protecci\u00f3n a sobrevivientes de VBG,\ntales como la habilitaci\u00f3n de Casas Seguras para su resguardo, acceso \u00e1gil a transporte para tomar rutas seguras, acceso a\nsuministros de subsistencia m\u00ednima, entre otros que impliquen una respuesta integral, buscando fortalecer las capacidades\nt\u00e9cnicas de los equipos multisectoriales (salud, protecci\u00f3n, justicia y educaci\u00f3n) para un abordaje de las violencias basadas en\ng\u00e9nero bajo enfoques y principios rectores.\n\nP\u00e1gina 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\n - Adem\u00e1s del enfoque de g\u00e9nero, la VGB requiere abordarse con enfoque interseccional para entender las m\u00faltiples afectaciones\nen los grupos poblacionales.\n\n - Garantizar el acceso a la ruta de prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta ante las violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero, a trav\u00e9s de equipos m\u00f3viles que\naccedan a los territorios m\u00e1s afectados por el conflicto armado, y a su vez, asegur\u00e1ndose que los espacios fijos de atenci\u00f3n sean\nde f\u00e1cil acceso para las comunidades, para que as\u00ed de manera cercana puedan optar por atenci\u00f3n integral, atenci\u00f3n psicosocial,\njur\u00eddica, y activaci\u00f3n de la ruta de derivaci\u00f3n segura.\n\n - Desde el Ministerio p\u00fablico, implementar mecanismos de vigilancia sobre el cumplimiento irrestricto e \u00edntegro de las medidas\nde atenci\u00f3n (habitaci\u00f3n, alimentaci\u00f3n y transporte) para las v\u00edctimas de violencia, de acuerdo con normatividad vigente.\n\n - Garantizar acciones concretas para la estabilizaci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de sobrevivientes de violencias basadas en\ng\u00e9nero.\n\n - Capacitar a funcionarios p\u00fablicos (Polic\u00eda, Ej\u00e9rcito, Jueces, Fiscales, Comisar\u00edas de Familia, Personal de salud) sobre la violencia\nde g\u00e9nero, con \u00e9nfasis en la violencia sexual relacionada con el conflicto armado, los derechos de las mujeres y ni\u00f1as, y el\nderecho internacional humanitario, y a trav\u00e9s de ello impulsar al fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de articulaci\u00f3n entre cada\nuna de las entidades para que las acciones a tomar sean m\u00e1s efectivas e integrales.\n\n\n**LOS ACTORES HUMANITARIOS**\n\n - Respaldar la sostenibilidad de las organizaciones de base comunitaria y redes de mujeres que trabajan en la prevenci\u00f3n,\natenci\u00f3n y denuncia de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero, promoviendo estrategias propias de protecci\u00f3n que perduren en el\ntiempo, fortaleciendo la participaci\u00f3n de organizaciones lideradas por mujeres en puestos de liderazgo y en la toma de\ndecisiones\n\n - Garantizar la permanencia f\u00edsica y en el tiempo de equipos de personal con capacidad de abordar casos con enfoque\ndiferencial, incluyendo el enfoque \u00e9tnico, para que puedan identificar, activar rutas y hacer seguimiento a casos y tendencias,\npromoviendo que sea personal que tenga acceso constante a los territorios m\u00e1s afectados por el conflicto, garantizando\nmedidas de atenci\u00f3n en situaciones de emergencia, a trav\u00e9s de profesionales humanitarios especializados que garanticen los\nprincipios y enfoques rectores para intervenciones contra la VBG, mediante la Implementaci\u00f3n de Espacios Seguros, Atenci\u00f3n\npsicosocial, Kits dignidad, cash en emergencia, as\u00ed como fortalecimiento de la estructura de alojamientos temporales y/o casas\nrefugio.\n\n - Asegurar el uso de medios de comunicaci\u00f3n masivos y comunitarios que permitan una difusi\u00f3n amplia en diversos territorios\ny de diversas formas (f\u00edsicos, digitales, texto, audio, redes sociales, radio, televisi\u00f3n) para darle alcance a mensajes claves en\nrelaci\u00f3n con la prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta de las violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero.\n\n - Promover y priorizar el apoyo a las iniciativas de emprendimiento y empleabilidad para sobrevivientes de violencia basada en\ng\u00e9nero, para as\u00ed disminuir los riesgos y propiciar la libertad financiera en las v\u00edctimas, de tal modo que tengan m\u00e1s autonom\u00eda\npara la toma de decisiones, buscando implementar acciones concretar para la estabilizaci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de\nsobrevivientes de violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero.\n\n - Vincular en la planeaci\u00f3n e implementaci\u00f3n de las acciones a poblaci\u00f3n masculina, especialmente en lo relacionado a la\nprevenci\u00f3n de las violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero.\n\n - Se recomienda implementar estrategias sostenibles para superar las limitaciones de los titulares de deberes (Estado) para\ncumplir con sus obligaciones respecto a la garant\u00eda de una vida libre de violencias\n\n\n**RIESGO 4** Denegaci\u00f3n del acceso a recursos, oportunidades, servicios y/o acceso humanitario\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO y LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO**\n\n\n - El respeto por el DIH, permitiendo el acceso de los actores humanitarios a las zonas con comunidades afectadas por el conflicto\narmado y tambi\u00e9n permitir que las comunidades puedan acceder a la respuesta humanitaria de emergencia.\n\n - Permitir y mantener el respeto y acceso a las misiones medicas en las comunidades m\u00e1s afectadas por el conflicto armado.\n\n\n**LOS ACTORES HUMANITARIOS**\n\n - Fortalecer y capacitar a los equipos en terreno para el acceso humanitario en comunidades de dif\u00edcil acceso o con conflictos\nprolongados. Esta formaci\u00f3n debe tambi\u00e9n priorizar a los equipos program\u00e1ticos.\n\n - Se recomienda a las organizaciones humanitarias poder usar los espacios de Coordinaci\u00f3n Interagencial, con el fin de poder\narticular las acciones en comunidades confinadas o con restricciones a la movilidad, con el fin de no realizar acciones con\nda\u00f1o.\n\n - Reportar y notificar a los equipos locales de coordinaci\u00f3n o a al equipo humanitario los incidentes o barreras al acceso\nhumanitario, con el fin de poder visibilizar estos riesgos de protecci\u00f3n con m\u00e1s actores humanitarios.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\n**RIESGO 5** Reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as en grupos armados\n\n\n**EL GOBIERNO y LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO**\n\n\n - Incrementar acciones de sensibilizaci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n que involucren a familias, docentes, autoridades locales,\npueblos ind\u00edgenas y comunidad en general para la construcci\u00f3n de entornos protectores, proyecto de vida y generar acciones\npara el reconocimiento y la mitigaci\u00f3n del riesgo de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n - Acciones a nivel comunitario en temas de prevenci\u00f3n de reclutamiento, uso, utilizaci\u00f3n y violencias basadas en g\u00e9nero (VBG)\npor los riesgos de protecci\u00f3n que afrontan los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y cuidadores. Las acciones a realizar deben de\nconsiderar un enfoque \u00e9tnico y/o diferencial.\n\n - Implementar programas de atenci\u00f3n psicosocial con enfoque \u00e9tnico debido a las afectaciones por conflicto armado, incluyendo\nacciones de recuperaci\u00f3n psicoemocional dirigido a ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes.\n\n - Activaci\u00f3n y movilizaci\u00f3n de la mesa Departamental de prevenci\u00f3n del reclutamiento, uso y utilizaci\u00f3n para el seguimiento y\nacompa\u00f1amiento t\u00e9cnico a los municipios.\n\n - Implementar el plan de acci\u00f3n de Escuelas Seguras a nivel territorial para proteger a la comunidad educativa en medio del\nconflicto armado y fortalecer el rol protector de la educaci\u00f3n en ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n\n**LOS ACTORES HUMANITARIOS**\n\n - Estrategias de m\u00e1s largo plazo y permanentes para acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n en comunidades con\nenfoque de ni\u00f1ez y adolescencia.\n\n - Implementaci\u00f3n de acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y salud mental para comunidades. Las situaciones de fuego cruzado,\nconfinamiento, desplazamiento, separaci\u00f3n de padres, madres o cuidadores, aumentan la vulnerabilidad y la adopci\u00f3n de la\nviolencia como forma de vida en los ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes.\n\n - Fortalecimiento institucional a las entidades locales, funcionarios y funcionarias p\u00fablicas en acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y\nrespuesta en la ruta de atenci\u00f3n.\n\n - Apoyo y financiamiento a las iniciativas lideradas por ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes en las comunidades.\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\n**Metodolog\u00eda**\n\n\nLa metodolog\u00eda de esta actualizaci\u00f3n de an\u00e1lisis de protecci\u00f3n ha combinado monitoreo peri\u00f3dicos del Equipo Local de\nCoordinaci\u00f3n de Arauca, el subgrupo de trabajo de Ni\u00f1ez y el Subgrupo de trabajo de VBG, al igual que insumos cualitativos\nde las reuniones y consultas con los socios locales, informantes clave y poblaci\u00f3n afectada. El proceso de an\u00e1lisis ha seguido\nla metodolog\u00eda de severidad y las estimaciones de Personas en Necesidad (PIN) y el Marco Anal\u00edtico de Protecci\u00f3n (PAF).\n\n\n**Limitaciones**\n\n\nEl presente an\u00e1lisis ha seguido una l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis cualitativo y cuantitativa derivado de datos oficiales para posterior\ninterpretaci\u00f3n por parte de expertos. Por otra parte, para evitar los potenciales riesgos que se podr\u00edan llegar a generar\npara las comunidades, se limit\u00f3 el encuentro con las mismas.\n\n\nPor lo tanto, los ejercicios de recolecci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis de la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria se centraron en datos\nsecundarios y entrevistas con referentes en el territorio.\n\n\nPara obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, p\u00f3ngase en contacto con: **Sebasti\u00e1n D\u00edaz Parra** [diazj@unhcr.org |](mailto:diazj@unhcr.org) **Gabriela Villota** [gabriela.villota@drc.ngo](mailto:gabriela.villota@drc.ngo)\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA** | Agosto de 2024\n\n\n**Notas**\n\n\n[i Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR), Colombia: Retos Humanitarios 2023.](https://www.icrc.org/es/document/colombia-retos-humanitarios-2023)\n\nii Seg\u00fan cifras de Migraci\u00f3n Colombia, se tiene registro de m\u00e1s de 270.000 personas provenientes de Venezuela con vocaci\u00f3n de\n[permanencia que se han pre-registrado para el Estatuto Temporal de Protecci\u00f3n a corte de 30 de junio de 2023.](https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/migraci.n.colombia/viz/EstatutoTemporaldeProteccin-Prerregistros/Pre-registrosPublic)\n\n[iii Para mayor informaci\u00f3n: Informe MIRA \u2013 Comunidades de Suerera, Shubacbarina (Teorama) y Karikachaboquita (Tib\u00fa) \u2013 Norte de](https://assessments.hpc.tools/assessment/b807ad46-d1e3-415f-bdfc-d47e483a1932)\n[Santander, Colombia, 20 de septiembre 2022 y Alertas Tempranas 050-20, 004-21 y 025-21 de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo.](https://assessments.hpc.tools/assessment/b807ad46-d1e3-415f-bdfc-d47e483a1932)\n\niv Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, Informe de Seguimiento No. 009-24 Alerta Temprana Estructural No. 011-23 para los municipios de Arauca,\nArauquita, Fortul, Saravena y Tame, en el Departamento de Arauca, 9 de mayo de 2024, Bogot\u00e1.\n\nv Instituto de estudios para el desarrollo y la paz, L\u00cdDERES SOCIALES, DEFENSORES DE DD.HH Y FIRMANTES DE ACUERDO ASESINADOS EN\n2023, 20 de diciembre de 2023\n[vi Unidad de Victimas, Red Nacional de Informaci\u00f3n Fecha Corte: mi\u00e9rcoles, 31 de julio de 2024.](https://cifras.unidadvictimas.gov.co/)\n\nvii _Ibid._\nviii _Ibid._\nix _Ibid._\n\n[x OCHA, Alertas de Situaci\u00f3n Humanitaria, https://response.reliefweb.int/colombia/alertas-de-situacion-humanitaria](https://response.reliefweb.int/colombia/alertas-de-situacion-humanitaria)\n\n[xi Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR), Colombia: Retos Humanitarios 2023.](https://www.icrc.org/es/document/colombia-retos-humanitarios-2023)\n[xii OCHA, Colombia: Balance de Acceso Humanitario 2022 (enero - diciembre) - 2023 (enero - julio).](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-balance-de-acceso-humanitario-2022-enero-diciembre-de-2022#%3A~%3Atext%3DEntre%20enero%20y%20diciembre%20del%2Cla%20movilidad%2C%20al%20acceso%20a)\n[xiii OCHA, Colombia: Balance de Acceso Humanitario 2022 (enero - diciembre) - 2023 (enero - julio).](https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-balance-de-acceso-humanitario-2022-enero-diciembre-de-2022#%3A~%3Atext%3DEntre%20enero%20y%20diciembre%20del%2Cla%20movilidad%2C%20al%20acceso%20a)\n\n\nP\u00e1gina 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4fdc9fbd-e142-44ac-9081-aea9737d1b9b/pau_arauca_aug-24_espanol.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_853/raw/doc_853_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_853/raw/doc_853_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e4fa160ce0d4047f8a0cf8caa2f68dbaef5bb144..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_853/raw/doc_853_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **TCHAD** **Analyse de Protection**\n## L\u2019Impact de la nouvelle crise soudanaise sur l\u2019environnement de protection\n\n### **OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLe contexte humanitaire au Tchad a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement\nimpact\u00e9 par la crise li\u00e9e au d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite\ndu conflit sociopolitique que conna\u00eet le Soudan,\nentrainant d\u2019importants mouvements de population \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays ainsi qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 de ses fronti\u00e8res. L\u2019Est\ndu Tchad est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une situation humanitaire\ncomplexe aux impacts \u00e0 la fois d\u2019ordre d\u00e9mographique et\nsocio\u00e9conomique. Il accueillait d\u00e9j\u00e0 environ 600,000\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9partis dans quatre provinces et le plan de\nr\u00e9ponse humanitaire 2023 avait identifi\u00e9 1,9M de\npersonnes vuln\u00e9rables dans cette zone. A cette situation,\nles affrontements arm\u00e9s entre les Forces Arm\u00e9es\nSoudanaises et les Forces de Soutien Rapide, qui ont\nd\u00e9but\u00e9 le 15 avril 2023, ont entrain\u00e9 d\u2019importants\nmouvements de population au Tchad, fragilisant ainsi les\nefforts de recherche de solutions engag\u00e9s par le\ngouvernement et ses diff\u00e9rents partenaires.\n\n\nLa nouvelle crise du Soudan est une crise de protection\net ses effets affectent directement des vies et davantage\ncelles des femmes, des enfants et des personnes\npr\u00e9sentant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, aussi bien des\ncommunaut\u00e9s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des retourn\u00e9s que des\npopulations h\u00f4tes. Les nouveaux arrivants sont signal\u00e9s\nau quotidien depuis le mois d\u2019avril 2023. La capacit\u00e9\nd\u2019accueil reste limit\u00e9e et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de\nbase difficile. Des pressions additionnelles sur des\nressources d\u00e9j\u00e0 limit\u00e9es sont observ\u00e9es, ainsi que la\nchert\u00e9 du co\u00fbt de vie, fragilisant le niveau de vie des\nm\u00e9nages d\u00e9j\u00e0 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s\n(\u00e9valuation sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire). Ces diff\u00e9rents\nfacteurs entrainent plusieurs risques de protection\nn\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate au cours de la\np\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse:\n\n\n**1.** **S\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des enfants et des familles exacerbent les abus, le travail des enfants et violences**\n**2.** **Violence sexuelle et sexiste bas\u00e9e sur le genre**\n**3.** **Discrimination et stigmatisation, refus de ressources, d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, de services et/ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nUne action urgente est n\u00e9cessaire pour mettre un terme aux strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives \u00e9mergentes, motiv\u00e9es par\nl\u2019augmentation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, les conflits, les tensions pour les ressources naturelles et la hausse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\ndes abus et de l\u2019exploitation qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s. Il est de la plus haute importance de :\n\n\n- Faciliter l'acc\u00e8s au territoire et l'enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des retourn\u00e9s, fournir l\u2019assistance multisectorielle en\nsituation d\u2019urgence (Abris-AME, Education, Wash, assistance alimentaire, Nutrition, Protection, y compris VBG et\nProtection de l\u2019Enfant, Sant\u00e9, y compris la sant\u00e9 mentale et le soutien psychosociale...), relocaliser les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s\ndes zones frontali\u00e8res vers les zones les plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays. Cette assistance doit tenir compte de la prise\nen compte des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil pour favoriser la coh\u00e9sion sociale et cohabitation\npacifique. Le renforcement des activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection P21 pour collecter les tendances sur plusieurs\nth\u00e9matiques transversales de protection.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\nLes affrontements entre l'arm\u00e9e soudanaise et les forces de soutien rapide qui ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 le 15 avril 2023 \u00e0 Khartoum avant\nde s'\u00e9tendre \u00e0 plusieurs localit\u00e9s du pays, ont fait des centaines de morts, des milliers de bless\u00e9s et contraint des milliers de\nfamilles \u00e0 demander l\u2019asile \u00e0 l\u2019Est du Tchad, qui figurait d\u00e9j\u00e0 parmi les zones les plus d\u00e9munies du pays et dans d\u2019autres pays\nfrontaliers ou \u00e0 retourner dans leur pays d\u2019origine. Cette situation qui vient s\u2019ajouter aux diff\u00e9rentes crises interconnect\u00e9es\nque connait le Tchad, dont le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la crise sanitaire et les catastrophes naturelles dont\nles inondations et d\u00e9fis d\u2019ordre \u00e9conomique et sociopolitique auxquels le pays est confront\u00e9, a un impact consid\u00e9rable sur les\ninterventions et de mani\u00e8re sp\u00e9cifique sur celles de la protection.\n\n\nAvant la crise du Soudan, le Tchad accueillait 988,558 personnes victimes de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Est, au Sud, \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest et \u00e0\nNdjamena dont 215,928 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Environ 418,187 nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais et 62,300 retourn\u00e9s sont enregistr\u00e9s\ndans la province de l\u2019Est, qui accueillait d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus 607,269 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. [i] Ce nombre augmente au jour le jour, mettant en mal l\u2019offre\ndes services, des capacit\u00e9s et des ressources disponibles. Les nouveaux arrivants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s sont principalement\ncompos\u00e9s de femmes et des enfants, install\u00e9s dans des villages proches de la fronti\u00e8re dans des conditions de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, et expos\u00e9s \u00e0 divers risques de protection.\n\n\nDans la province de l\u2019Est, le HRP 2023 relevait \u00e9galement qu\u2019environ 1,900,000 personnes vivent dans une situation de\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accrue. Cette crise survient dans un contexte o\u00f9 les ressources \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 faibles proportionnellement aux\nbesoins et dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 la r\u00e9currence des crises, les effets du changement climatique et la faiblesse, voir la quasiinexistence des services sociaux de base, notamment dans les zones affect\u00e9es par le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.\n\n\nLe poids de cette nouvelle crise de l\u2019Est du Tchad affecte \u00e9galement les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ainsi que les efforts de recherche\nde solutions initi\u00e9s par le Gouvernement et ses partenaires humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement. Et ses impacts ne se limitent\npas \u00e0 la seule aux seules provinces de partie de l\u2019Est du Tchad, mais s\u2019\u00e9tendent sur les programmes r\u00e9guliers des autres zones\nop\u00e9rationnelles, car s\u2019appuyant pour la r\u00e9ponse d\u2019urgence sur les ressources humaines, logistiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 insuffisantes.\n\n\n**IMPACT SUR LA PROTECTION DES CIVILS**\n\n\nLa crise du Soudan affecte au premier chef les populations civiles constitu\u00e9es majoritairement de femmes et d\u2019enfants \u00e0\nenviron 85%. Ces personnes ont subi des atrocit\u00e9s dans le pays d\u2019origine et tout au long de la fuite. Elles vivent majoritairement\ndans des conditions extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caires, avec un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la pleine jouissance de certains de leurs droits\nfondamentaux. Leur situation risque de se renforcer face au nombre croissant de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de retourn\u00e9s dans cette partie\ndu territoire d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9munie.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatique et de certaines milices du fait de la porosit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019un camp\nde transit de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des ouvrages publiques, expose la population civile \u00e0 des violations potentielles des droits humains\nnotamment les atteintes \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, les violences sexuelles et pourrait \u00eatre un frein pour ls satifiction\nde certains droits fondamentaux. En outre, la pr\u00e9sence des groupes ethniques protagonistes (Arabes et Massalit) pourrait\nconstituer un facteur de risque pour un transfert du conflit sur le territoire tchadien. En ce qui concerne sp\u00e9cifiquement les\nenfants, ils constituent 65% des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soudanais r\u00e9cemment afflues \u00e0 l\u2019est du Tchad. L\u2019on y d\u00e9nombre un fort taux de\nmalnutrition aig\u00fce s\u00e9v\u00e8re et mod\u00e9r\u00e9e qui entraine une mortalit\u00e9 infantile exponentielle. Outre la d\u00e9tresse de la fuite et\nl'exp\u00e9rience traumatisante d'\u00eatre t\u00e9moin du conflit et de tueries, des centaines d'enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 involontairement s\u00e9par\u00e9s de\nleurs familles ; une situation qui accro\u00eet leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 les exposant de plus en plus \u00e0 toute forme d\u2019exploitation, d\u2019abus de\ntrafics et de mariage d\u2019enfants principalement pour les filles.\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, font partie des risques de protection majeurs auxquels font face les femmes et les filles au\nTchad. Les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 Indicateurs Multiples au Tchad (EDST-MICS) sur la p\u00e9riode\n2014-2015 \u00c9galement, une femme sur trois d\u00e9clare \u00eatre victime de violence physique et 12 % des femmes subissent des\nviolences sexuelles chaque ann\u00e9e. Tandis que les r\u00e9sultats le MICS6-TCHAD, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2019, montre que 60,6 % des filles se\nmarient avant l'\u00e2ge de 18 ans, 34 % des femmes et des filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumises \u00e0 la pratique des mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines\n(MGF) ou de l'excision. Ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 cette situation le taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019analphab\u00e9tisme chez les femmes (86%). Tous ces facteurs sont\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n\nautant d\u2019obstacles au d\u00e9veloppement socio\u00e9conomique des femmes et des filles. Les mouvements de populations -enjeu\nhumanitaire majeur au Tchad- augmentent les risques de violences sexuelles bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VSBG). En effet, lors de\nmouvements forc\u00e9s de populations, les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s deviennent totalement d\u00e9pendants de l\u2019aide humanitaire pour leur survie,\nles exposant ainsi aux risques d\u2019exploitation et d\u2019abus sexuels, en particulier \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des femmes et des filles. Le mode\nd\u2019installation dans des abris de fortune, la faiblesse des revenus, le nombre important des femmes chef de m\u00e9nages, le faible\nacc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base, y compris les services de sant\u00e9 sexuelle et reproductive, l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs des actes\npr\u00e9judiciables observ\u00e9e dans la gestion des cas, sont autant de facteurs qui contribueront \u00e0 enfreindre le rel\u00e8vement\nsocio\u00e9conomique et psychologique et \u00e9motionnel des femmes. Il faut noter que les provinces du Ouadda\u00ef, de Wadi Fira et de\nSila souffrent d'un manque chronique de services de base et d'infrastructures de qualit\u00e9, ce qui pr\u00e9sente des risques\nparticuliers pour les femmes, les enfants (filles et gar\u00e7ons) et les personnes ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques.\n\n\nC\u2019est dans ce contexte que la nouvelle crise soudanaise, survient, avec en plus un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 des violences sexuelles\ncommises pendant les combats au Soudan ou sur le chemin de la fuite, par des hommes arm\u00e9s. L\u2019\u00e9valuation rapide VBG\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans certains sites d\u2019accueil spontan\u00e9s au niveau de la fronti\u00e8re par l\u2019UNHCR et ses partenaires r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que des\nfemmes et des filles auraient subi des violences sexuelles et physiques et auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9es de leurs biens et\nemp\u00each\u00e9es d\u2019acc\u00e9der au march\u00e9 et aux champs par des groupes arm\u00e9s au niveau du Soudan. Les r\u00e9sultats de monitoring P21\nindique au 22 septembre 2023, que 100% de personnes interview\u00e9es disent se sentir en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les rues, 48% en allant\nchercher du bois ou de l\u2019eau, 23% dans certains blocs du camp et 26% loin de la communaut\u00e9. Les effets psychologiques et\n\u00e9motionnels de ces situations sont de nature \u00e0 freiner leurs efforts de r\u00e9silience, notamment dans un contexte o\u00f9 les\nressources ne permettent pas la mise en place en urgence des programmes de rel\u00e8vement pr\u00e9coce et de r\u00e9silience\nsocio\u00e9conomique. [ii]\n\n\n**IMPACT SUR LA SITUATION DEMOGRAPHIQUE ET SOCIOECONOMIQUE :**\n\n\nL\u2019afflux de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s du Soudan affecte consid\u00e9rablement la r\u00e9partition des ressources naturelles par cons\u00e9quent\nimpacte sur la jouissance des droits \u00e9conomiques et sociaux de la population d\u2019accueil et celui des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Une augmentation\nd\u00e9mographique d\u2019environ 35% (rapport anciens/nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s avec la population h\u00f4te), aggrave la limitation des droits\nfondamentaux et d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base, au droit \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation et \u00e0 un niveau suffisant de vie suffisant et\nrenforce la promiscuit\u00e9 et la consommation des substances psychoactives, mettant en mal la sant\u00e9 mentale des personnes\naffect\u00e9es. La fermeture de la fronti\u00e8re a entrain\u00e9 une rupture brutale des flux commerciaux transfrontaliers et la disponibilit\u00e9\ndes denr\u00e9es de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, avec comme corolaire, le disfonctionnement des march\u00e9s, la faible disponibilit\u00e9 des\nressources alimentaires sur le march\u00e9 et la flamb\u00e9e des prix des denr\u00e9es de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.\n\n\nCette situation touche toutes les cat\u00e9gories des populations, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, retourn\u00e9s et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Elle est exasp\u00e9r\u00e9e\npar plusieurs facteurs aggravants, notamment, l\u2019utilisation des espaces agricoles pour accueillir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la limitation de\nmise en \u0153uvre des moyens d\u2019existence, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accrue des femmes et des enfants filles et gar\u00e7ons, la mendicit\u00e9\ninfantile, la d\u00e9linquance et les actes de banditisme, les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9fastes, les tensions et les conflits\nintercommunautaire etc.\n\n\n**IMPACT SUR LES PROGRAMMES HUMANITAIRES REGULIER**\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019urgence, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 un chamboulement au niveau des programmes r\u00e9guliers. Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0\nl\u2019urgence et sauver des vies, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des partenaires par solidarit\u00e9 d\u00e9ploient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le peu de ressources\nlogistiques, humaines et financi\u00e8res et les assistances pour faire face \u00e0 cet afflux massif sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u00e0 l\u2019Est Tchad. Les trois\nprovinces de l\u2019Est, Ouadda\u00ef, Wadi Fira et le Sila faisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 face \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9fis op\u00e9rationnels, avant cette nouvelle crise.\n\n\n**IMPACT LIE A L\u2019UTILISATION DE LA MODALITE DE TRANSFERT DES FONDS**\n\n\nLe rapport de l\u2019\u00e9tude de PNUDiii cit\u00e9 ci-haut et compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par l\u2019analyse sur la fonctionnalit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s du PAMiv en juillet\n2023 et le monitoring des march\u00e9s r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le HCRv en ao\u00fbt 2023 d\u00e9terminent les effets de conflits du Soudan sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie\ntransfrontali\u00e8re, le niveau de faisabilit\u00e9 des programmes de transfert mon\u00e9taire autour et dans les villages qui accueillent les\nretourn\u00e9s et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019EST du Tchad mais aussi les potentiels risques ainsi que les externalit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la crise.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n\nAu-del\u00e0 des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives (hausse de prix des biens et des services, non prise en compte de la population h\u00f4te dans\ndes programmes de transfert mon\u00e9taire,) les analyses des march\u00e9s du PAM et du HCR font remarquer que la pr\u00e9sence des\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es du Soudan favorise le d\u00e9veloppement de certaines activit\u00e9s de commerce dans les zones d\u2019accueil et\nle d\u00e9senclavement \u00e9conomique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quentation des sites et camps par des op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques et acteurs\nhumanitaires. Dans les zones o\u00f9 c\u2019est faisable, les transferts mon\u00e9taires vont permettre de doter les populations b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires\ndes pouvoir d\u2019achat afin de soutenir la dynamique des \u00e9changes et le d\u00e9veloppement de commerce. Le transfert mon\u00e9taire\noffre une opportunit\u00e9 sur laquelle les acteurs humanitaires peuvent rebooster l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale \u00e0 condition que des analyses\ndes march\u00e9s et d\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques de protection soient r\u00e9alis\u00e9es tout au long du processus. Car, toute intervention\nmon\u00e9taire d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e sans analyse pr\u00e9alable des march\u00e9s et de la dynamique sociale fragiliserait les opportunit\u00e9s de coh\u00e9sion\nsociale et de coexistence pacifique.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nTous les acteurs de protection de l\u2019enfance s\u2019accordent sur l\u2019existence des situations de nature \u00e0 remettre en cause le bien\u00eatre de plusieurs enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, retourn\u00e9s et m\u00eame ceux de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te \u00e0 l\u2019Est du Tchad. Avant la nouvelle crise,\nles enfants de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 travers les activit\u00e9s commerciales, mini\u00e8res et\npastorales, le mariage d\u2019enfants, la mendicit\u00e9 et le placement des enfants aupr\u00e8s de maitres coraniques. Ce qui les expose\nsouvent aux abus, aux violences physiques et psychologiques y compris celles bas\u00e9es sur le genre. Les propos d\u2019une\nparticipante au groupe de discussions confirment cette situation : \u00ab dans notre communaut\u00e9, nous assurons le bien-\u00eatre de\nnos enfants gr\u00e2ce aux produits de leur travail \u00e0 nos c\u00f4t\u00e9s \u00bb.\n\n\nSouvent destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la main d\u2019\u0153uvre pour les m\u00e9nages et au mariage, la plupart des enfants surtout ceux des communaut\u00e9s\nh\u00f4tes ne sont pas scolaris\u00e9s ou sont d\u00e9scolaris\u00e9s. Cette privation est renforc\u00e9e par l\u2019insuffisance de structures scolaires\nad\u00e9quates. Par exemple, pour la p\u00e9riode de 2000 \u00e0 2010, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement primaire est pass\u00e9 de 85% en 2000 \u00e0 113%,\ncependant, le taux d\u2019ach\u00e8vement au primaire a stagn\u00e9 autour de 37% en moyenne (28% pour les filles) durant la m\u00eame\np\u00e9riode .\n\n\nLa plupart des familles de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de retourn\u00e9s nouvellement admises au Tchad, sont des familles monoparentales ayant\nmajoritairement \u00e0 leur t\u00eate des femmes avec plusieurs enfants en charge. Cela constitue une source de risques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des\nenfants dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par le surpeuplement dans les zones d\u2019accueil, les d\u00e9fis d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base\net la promiscuit\u00e9 tant dans les camps/sites que dans les communaut\u00e9s familles d\u2019accueil. Les enfants contraints de quitter les\nparents se livrent \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9fastes.\n\n\nLa s\u00e9paration de familles est un des risques majeurs encourus par les enfants. Ces s\u00e9parations sont survenues pendant le\nd\u00e9placement et ou au Tchad. Au mois de septembre, au sein de la population r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, l\u2019on avait plus de 1803 enfants \u00e0\nrisques (abus et exploitation, n\u00e9gligence, traffic, mendicit\u00e9, d\u2019enl\u00e8vement etc\u2026) dont plus de 795 enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non\naccompagnes. Cette situation est similaire \u00e0 celle des enfants retourn\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa d\u00e9tresse psychologique, \u00e9motionnelle et physique caus\u00e9e par des blessures diverses par balles ou par des engins de guerres\nou en raison du fait que certains enfants aient \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moins des exactions ou tuerie dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes leurs parents ou\nmembres de leurs communaut\u00e9s auront un impact n\u00e9gatif sur leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et morale, les emp\u00eachent de jouir de\ncertains de leurs droits fondamentaux et notamment du droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et du droit \u00e0 un d\u00e9veloppement tant physique\nqu\u2019\u00e9motionnel.\n\n### RISQUE 2 Violence sexuelle et sexiste bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\nAussi bien pour les retourn\u00e9s que pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la mise \u00e0 jour des donn\u00e9es issues des activit\u00e9s d\u2019enregistrement en cours,\nrel\u00e8ve un fort taux de femmes et d\u2019enfants \u00e0 environ 90%.\n\n\nEntre Mai 23 et Septembre 2023, ce sont env. 348 cas de VBG qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019Est soit : 17% de cas de viol, 8% de\ncas d\u2019agression sexuelle, 36% d\u2019agression physique, 24% de violence psychologique, 9% de cas de d\u00e9ni de ressource et 6% de\ncas de mariage force. Et les cons\u00e9quences sont diverses tant sur le plan physique : blessures, maladies/infections, y compris\nles IST et le VIH/SIDA, grossesses, enfants non d\u00e9sir\u00e9s et d\u00e9c\u00e8s ; psychologiques : anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, peur, d\u00e9tresse, traumatisme, les\npens\u00e9es suicidaires, etc ; socio-\u00e9conomiques : retrait, rejet, isolement, bl\u00e2me, stigmatisation, productivit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e/faible\u2026 [vi]\n\n\nPar ailleurs selon la Banque Mondiale, environ 67 % des femmes sont mari\u00e9es avant d\u2019atteindre leurs 18 ans [vii], cette situation\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 alarmante et renforc\u00e9e par l\u2019afflux massifs des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des retourn\u00e9s aux effets complexes, pourraient entrainer\ndavantage de disparit\u00e9s et des m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9fastes d\u2019adaptation.\n\n\nIl convient \u00e9galement de noter que les femmes et les enfants pourraient \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des actes d\u2019Exploitation et Abus\nSexuel ; d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer des actions de pr\u00e9vention contre les exploitations et abus sexuels (PEAS et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n\nde l\u2019int\u00e9gration du genre dans les actions humanitaires pour pr\u00e9server la dignit\u00e9 des femmes et filles et r\u00e9duire leurs\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s au sein des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es\n\n\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s les r\u00e9sultats du monitoring de protection P21 mis en place au tout d\u00e9but de l\u2019urgence au niveau de la bande frontali\u00e8re\npour faciliter le suivi des mouvements et des tendances de protection et d\u2019autres \u00e9valuations pertinentes de protection,\nenviron 83% de personnes interview\u00e9es, disent se sentir int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans la communaut\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la bonne cohabitation avec la\ncommunaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te. Toutefois ces personnes int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e9voquent les pressions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources et les risques de\ntensions/conflits intercommunautaires si la situation perdure et que des r\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es en termes de protection et\nd\u2019assistance ne prennent pas en compte les besoins de cette communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil.\n\n\nEn effet, l\u2019arriv\u00e9e massive des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019Est du Tchad et leur mode d\u2019installation a r\u00e9duit les espaces cultivables\ndans certaines localit\u00e9s \u00e0 forte concentration des personnes victimes du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et retourn\u00e9s). Les\nprincipales provinces affect\u00e9es par la crise \u00e0 l\u2019Est sont marqu\u00e9es par une faiblesse des services sociaux de base, bien que des\nefforts soient en cours par certains acteurs de protection, dont UNICEF, UNHCR, UNFPA, PAM et ONG. Suivant les projections\ndu cadre harmonis\u00e9 mises \u00e0 jour en ao\u00fbt 2023 sur la situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle, 689147 personnes sont en phase\n3 et 5 d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les trois provinces de Ouadda\u00ef, Sila et Wadi Fira. La faiblesse voir le manque des revenus\ndes m\u00e9nages contraint plusieurs individus \u00e0 se rabattre sur le peu de ressources naturelles existantes pour combler leurs\nbesoins de base, avec comme corollaire la destruction de l\u2019environnement, notamment la coupure du bois de chauffe \u00e0 usage\ndomestique. Des cas d\u2019agression physique relevant des cas de violences sur les femmes lors de la collecte de bois. Si des\nressources ad\u00e9quates ne sont pas disponibles, pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces besoins et gaps prioritaires, les risques li\u00e9s aux\nconflits/tension intercommunautaires, exasp\u00e9r\u00e9s par les facteurs ci-dessous sont probants. Ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 cela les probl\u00e8mes\nclassiques fonciers, d\u2019habitat et de transhumance.\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tude sur l\u2019impact de la crise soudanaise conduite par le PNUDviii en juillet 2023 rel\u00e8ve un sentiment de discrimination \u00e0\nl'\u00e9gard des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil. En effet, les r\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es \u00e0 la crise par les acteurs humanitaires consistent\nessentiellement \u00e0 porter secours aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s alors que les populations h\u00f4tes subissent \u00e9galement les effets de la crise. Seules\nles autorit\u00e9s du pays ont distribu\u00e9 des sacs de mil aux communaut\u00e9s d'accueil \u00e0 travers l'Office National de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Alimentaire\n(ONASA), mais il s'agit d'une op\u00e9ration ponctuelle dont l'impact sur les conditions de vie de ces populations est limit\u00e9.\n\n\nSelon le Comit\u00e9 D\u00e9partemental d'Action (CDA) de l'Assoungha, cette discrimination est de nature \u00e0 remettre en cause la\ncohabitation entre les communaut\u00e9s et si la situation perdure, les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes seraient tent\u00e9es de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les terres\nagricoles qu'elles ont conc\u00e9d\u00e9es aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sous l'action des organisations humanitaires.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nD\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la crise, des actions d\u2019urgence ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place pour accueillir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les migrants et les retourn\u00e9s\npar diff\u00e9rents partenaires et sous la conduite du Gouvernement \u00e0 travers la CNARR, HCR et l\u2019OIM. Activit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises\nen \u0153uvre suivant une approche multisectorielle. Ces r\u00e9ponses restent insuffisantes dans ces localit\u00e9s maqu\u00e9es par l\u2019extr\u00eame\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et pauvret\u00e9. Selon la Banque Mondiale, 42,3 % de personnes vivant en dessous du seuil de pauvret\u00e9\nnational.Ainsi pour le monitoring de protection P21 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 en urgence \u00e0 l\u2019Est pour collecter les tendances, les risques\nde protection et des gaps \u00e0 des fins de plaidoyer et de planification. Avec davantage de ressources, cet outil devrait couvrir\nl\u2019ensemble de la population des civils des zones affect\u00e9es par les crises humanitaires, et permettre d\u2019avoir une analyse de\nprotection coh\u00e9rente \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale qui prend en compte l\u2019axe Est, Sud et Est. S\u2019agissant de la r\u00e9ponse en mati\u00e8re de\nVBG, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les services suivant l\u2019approche de r\u00e9ponse int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 travers les centres int\u00e9gr\u00e9s des services\nmultisectoriels de prise en charge en mati\u00e8re de VBG, serait un atout pour renforcer la localisation et la durabilit\u00e9 des actions\nde VBG au sein des services \u00e9tatiques.\n\n\nOn note une avanc\u00e9e majeure, avec l\u2019appui technique et financier de UNICEF, dans le renforcement du syst\u00e8me de\nprotection de l\u2019enfant \u00e0 travers l\u2019adoption de la politique nationale de protection de l\u2019enfant, la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me\nnational harmonise de gestion de cas; la digitalisation de l\u2019enregistrement des naissances \u00e0 travers un guichet unique installe\ndans les centres de sant\u00e9, la prise de mesures portant interdiction de la mendicit\u00e9 des enfants. Les espaces amis d\u2019enfants\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place en urgence pour la r\u00e9silience des enfants affect\u00e9s par la crise. Cependant, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de les \u00e9tendre\ndans l\u2019ensemble des sites des retourn\u00e9s est n\u00e9cessaire pour la prise en compte des besoins des enfants retourn\u00e9s et h\u00f4tes.\nLe renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des familles a \u00e9t\u00e9 une priorit\u00e9 pendant l\u2019urgence pour mitiger les risques d\u2019exploitation et\nd\u2019abus sur les enfants.. Aussi, les r\u00e9ponses d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent ne tiennent pas suffisamment en consid\u00e9ration les\nbesoins de communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil et ciblent principalement les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019insuffisance des\nressources. Ceci met en p\u00e9ril d\u2019une part le programme les approches holistiques envisag\u00e9es dans le cadre du Pacte mondial\npour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s visant notamment le lien entre l'humanitaire et le d\u00e9veloppement (et la paix) ainsi que la prise en compte\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes dans leurs approches et projets.\n\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\n\nLa communaut\u00e9 humanitaire a mobilis\u00e9 des\nressources mais ces fonds restent insuffisants,\nd\u2019autant plus que selon la Banque Mondiale, plus de la\nmoiti\u00e9 des Tchadiens sont vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9,\n\ncertaines zone comme ADRE, le commerce est rempli\ndes marchandises mais les commer\u00e7ants des produits\nnon alimentaires observent une forte dimunition de volume de vente malgr\u00e9 la fr\u00e9quentation de march\u00e9 par un nombre\nimportant des clients suite \u00e0 l\u2019afflux des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Certains parmi eux auraient m\u00eame abandonn\u00e9 leur fili\u00e8re d\u2019activit\u00e9s pour\ndes raisons de non \u00e9coulement des produits en stock ou alors pour se lancer dans l\u2019alimentaire qui est plus sollicit\u00e9 par les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Des approches de transfert mon\u00e9taire pour des articles non alimentaires pourraient offrir des opportunit\u00e9s\nd\u2019attenuation des effets de la crise l\u00e0 o\u00f9 c\u2019est faisable dans la m\u00e9sure o\u00f9 elles procurent le pouvoir d\u2019achat aux m\u00e9nages\ncibl\u00e9s et stumulent la dynamique des \u00e9changes commerciales. L\u2019assistance alimentaire en cours et les initiatives de r\u00e9silience\n\u00e0 travers la distribution des Kits de semence mises en place par le PAM, dans cette phase d\u2019urgence constituent l\u2019une des\nprincipales sources de revenus des m\u00e9nages et att\u00e9nuent les risques de protection, notamment des femmes, des enfants et\ndes personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, mais n\u00e9cessitent davantage de ressources.\n\n\nD\u2019un point de vue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, l\u2019insuffisance de financement joue un r\u00f4le majeur dans les difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 apporter une assistance\nhumanitaire ad\u00e9quate aux diff\u00e9rents groupes de populations vuln\u00e9rables (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s anciens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9cents, retourn\u00e9s et\npopulation h\u00f4tes) et constitue un facteur qui fragilise la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n### **RECOMMANDATIONS** RISQUE 1 Risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la protection des enfants\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Le renforcement des m\u00e9canismes de protection \u00e0 base communautaire dans les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et sites des\nretourn\u00e9s pour la pr\u00e9vention, l\u2019identification et le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des enfants victimes et ou \u00e0 risque vers les services de\nprise en charge est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour rendre plus visible les interventions en leur faveur.\n\n- Int\u00e9grer le cash dans la strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9ponses protection de l\u2019enfant pour l\u2019autonomisation des m\u00e9nages et la r\u00e9duction\ndes risques d\u2019exploitation des enfants.\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me de gestion des cas pour assurer une prise en charge individualis\u00e9e des enfants et de leurs familles et\nrechercher des solutions durables \u00e0 leurs pr\u00e9occupations.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT et AUTORIT\u00c9S**\n\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des donateurs pour la mobilisation des ressources pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des personnes\naffect\u00e9es qui \u00e9voluent tr\u00e8s rapidement et difficilement maitrisable par les acteurs.\n\n- Rapprocher et renforcer les services d\u2019\u00e9tat civil (ANATS) pour renforcer la d\u00e9livrance des actes de naissance aux enfants\net des cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 aux adultes.\n\n- Renforcer les centres sociaux et les d\u00e9l\u00e9gations provinciales et d\u00e9partementales des zones fortement impact\u00e9es par les\ncrises humanitaires en ressources humaines, mat\u00e9rielles et logistiques pour une coordination effective des interventions\npar l\u2019Etat.\n\n### RISQUE 2 Violence sexuelle et sexiste bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Fournir et am\u00e9nager des espaces confidentiels, s\u00fbrs pour les femmes/filles pour la fourniture aux survivantes des services\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de lutte contre la VBG et les approvisionner en kits post viol et autres Kits SR importants pour les\nfemmes/filles.\n\n- Faire une \u00e9valuation diagnostique des centres sociaux de l\u2019Etat et les renforcer en fonction des besoins prioritaires\nidentifi\u00e9s pour la durabilit\u00e9 des interventions.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT et BAILLEURS**\n\n\n- Mobiliser les ressources financi\u00e8res afin de poursuivre le renforcement ou la mise en place des Centres Int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de\nServices Multisectoriels pour renforcer l\u2019offre de services VBG de qualit\u00e9.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT**\n\n\n- Renforcer la protection des civils dans les diff\u00e9rentes provinces impact\u00e9es par le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la\ncapacitation des services \u00e9tatiques, notamment les services judiciaires, la Protection civile et les forces de d\u00e9fense et de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n- Poursuivre les efforts de renforcement du cadre l\u00e9gal \u00e0 travers l\u2019adoption des lois visant le renforcement des civils et la\nmise en place des mesures n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur mise en \u0153uvre effective, notamment les textes sur le domaine foncier.\n\n- Rechercher des partenariats strat\u00e9giques au niveau global, r\u00e9gional et national pour la gestion politique et durable de la\ncrise du Soudan.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**TCHAD** | Octobre 2023\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Assurer l\u2019int\u00e9gration transversale des activit\u00e9s de coexistence pacifique dans tous les programmes Nexus-HumanitaireD\u00e9veloppement-Paix.\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Au vu du contexte aussi fragile que volatile \u00e0 l\u2019Est et dans le souci de mitiger les risques li\u00e9s au transfert mon\u00e9taire, les\nintervenants dans le transfert mon\u00e9taire doivent mettre en place et/ou renforcer le syst\u00e8me de suivi des march\u00e9s afin\nque le choix appropri\u00e9 des modalit\u00e9s de transfert contribue au bien-\u00eatre des populations.\n\n- Pour r\u00e9duire les risques li\u00e9s aux conflits et les tensions communautaires, les programmes d\u2019appui aux moyens de\nsubsistance et inclusion \u00e9conomique, prendre en compte les besoins des plus vuln\u00e9rables des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil,\nafin que toutes les interventions en faveur des retourn\u00e9s et refugi\u00e9s contribuent \u00e0 renforcer la coexistence pacifique.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n_i Produits d'information et d'analyse du UNHCR TCHAD-Octobre 2023_\n_ii Donn\u00e9es du monitoring P21, Octobre 2023_\n_iii UNDP, idem_\n_iv Rapport MFI (Market Functionality Index) du PAM de juillet 2023_\n_v Suivi des marches des articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels dans les zones d\u2019accueil des nouveaux refugies soudanais, Ao\u00fbt 2023_\n_vi GBV/IMS_\n_vii Rapport sur l\u2019impact \u00e9conomique des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s entre les sexes au Tchad, 2020_\n_viii UNDP, Analytical note on the impact of the conflict in Sudan on the cross-border economy in CHAD, July 2023_\n\n\n\n\n\n**Pour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Solange BILOUNGA, -** **[bilounga@unhcr.org Coordinatrice du Cluster](mailto:bilounga@unhcr.org)**\n\n**Protection ;** **Armand N\u2019DRI KOUADIO \u2013 N\u2019DRI@unhcr.org Gestionnaire de l\u2019information.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3904dc01-f626-4723-bb3d-6b83182b98cf/pau_chad_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_854/raw/doc_854_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_854/raw/doc_854_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ae7cc7dc652794e96d9abfaeba396eb755c94f0b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_854/raw/doc_854_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** **Analyse de Protection**\n### Mise \u00e0 jour sur la situation de protection au Nord et Sud Kivu : D\u00e9stabilisation nationale et r\u00e9gionale suite \u00e0 l\u2019extension de la zone d\u2019occupation de l\u2019AFC/M23\n\n#### **MARS 2025**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2025\n\n#### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nEn ce d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025, l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo (RDC) fait face \u00e0 une crise humanitaire d\u2019une ampleur sans\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, depuis la derni\u00e8re guerre du Congo [i] . La situation\nhumanitaire et de protection s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e,\nsuite \u00e0 l\u2019avanc\u00e9e fulgurante de l\u2019Alliance Fleuve Congo/Mouvement\ndu 23 mars (AFC/M23). Les derniers mois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s par\nl\u2019offensive et la prise de plusieurs localit\u00e9s par l\u2019AFC/M23,\nnotamment la ville de Goma (capitale du Nord Kivu), suivie de la prise\nde Bukavu (capitale du Sud Kivu), d\u00e9stabilisant ainsi l\u2019ensemble des\ndeux provinces, avec des implications politiques et diplomatiques au\nniveau national et r\u00e9gional.\n\n\nLes cons\u00e9quences sur les populations affect\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dramatiques.\nEn plus de nouveaux mouvements de population, qui sont parfois\nop\u00e9r\u00e9s vers des zones d\u2019origine non s\u00fbres, de nombreuses et graves\nviolations et abus de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. L\u2019exposition\nde la population civile \u00e0 des risques de protection dont la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9\ns\u2019est fortement accentu\u00e9e, a fortement augment\u00e9 ces derniers mois.\n\n\n\nEtendue/expansion de l\u2019AFC/M23\n\n\n\nCette aggravation de la situation humanitaire dans l\u2019Est de la RDC se\nproduit concomitamment \u00e0 la r\u00e9vision drastique de la politique am\u00e9ricaine en mati\u00e8re d\u2019aide humanitaire et de\nd\u00e9veloppement, limitant ainsi les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse des acteurs sur place.\n\n\nLes risques de protection n\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate au cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse sont les\nsuivants :\n\n\n**1.** **Attaques contre les civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil.**\n**2.** **D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des sites et pression sur les PDIs pour le retour y compris dans des zones instables.**\n**3.** **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.**\n**4.** **Destruction des biens personnels et conflits fonciers li\u00e9s aux occupations secondaires des maisons et champs dans les**\n\n**zones de retour.**\n**5.** **Pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs et autres restes de guerre.**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nDes actions urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires afin d\u2019assurer la protection des civils dans la zone d\u2019occupation et notamment les zones\nde d\u00e9placement des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI), y inclus leurs zones d\u2019origine. La r\u00e9ponse humanitaire doit \u00eatre flexible\net mobile, avec une collaboration inter-sectorielle essentielle et une forte int\u00e9gration de la protection. A cette fin, les points\nsuivants sont propos\u00e9s :\n\n - Engager les parties au conflit arm\u00e9 pour un arr\u00eat des hostilit\u00e9s et un engagement soutenu pour le respect int\u00e9gral des\nprincipes du Droit International Humanitaire (DIH), le renforcement de la protection des civils, la pr\u00e9vention des\natrocit\u00e9s et un acc\u00e8s humanitaire sans entrave.\n\n - Engager les parties prenantes au conflit arm\u00e9, principalement l\u2019AFC/M23, et leur demander instamment de s\u2019abstenir\nde toute forme de contrainte, de coercition ou menaces qui pousseraient les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 retourner dans leurs lieux\nd\u2019origine encore en proie aux conflits arm\u00e9s.\n\n - Effectuer une \u00e9valuation holistique et multisectorielle, prenant en compte particuli\u00e8rement les aspects de protection,\nde perception communautaire et de sensibilit\u00e9 au conflit dans les zones de retours et de d\u00e9placements secondaires,\nforc\u00e9s ou pr\u00e9caires pour mieux orienter la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans les provinces du Nord Kivu et Sud Kivu.\n\n - Renforcer et soutenir les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection et les autres structures communautaires afin\nqu\u2019ils restent au centre des interventions multisectorielles et de protection men\u00e9es par les acteurs humanitaires.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n#### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES DEPLACEES**\n\n**INTERNES AU NORD ET**\n\n**SUD KIVU** **[ii]**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES**\n**RETOURNEES AU NORD**\n\n**ET SUD KIVU** **[iii]**\n\n\n\n**MORTS** **BLESSES** **INCIDENT VBG** **[iv]**\n\n\n## **1 157 090 1 787 298 3 000 4 269 9 984**\n\n**MARS 2025** **MARS 2025** **JAN-FEV 2025** **JAN-FEV 2025** **JAN-FEV 2025**\n\n\nLa r\u00e9surgence du M23 depuis novembre 2021 et ses avanc\u00e9es progressives au\ncours de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont entrain\u00e9 plusieurs vagues de mouvements\nde populations, comptant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,7 millions de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de cette\ncrise en date d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024 [v] . Aujourd\u2019hui le M23, qui entre temps s\u2019est alli\u00e9 avec\nl\u2019Alliance Fleuve Congo pour devenir AFC/M23, occupe une importante partie\ndu sud du Nord Kivu (autrement appel\u00e9e petit Nord Kivu) avec le contr\u00f4le des\nterritoires du Rutshuru, Masisi, Nyiragongo, une partie du territoire de\nWalikale et la ville de Goma. Au Sud Kivu, le M23 occupe d\u00e9sormais les localit\u00e9s\nsur l\u2019axe Minova-Bukavu-Kamanyola en passant par l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Kavumu. Ces\navanc\u00e9es fulgurantes du d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e ont entrain\u00e9 de nouveaux\nmouvements de population dans des directions multiples, changeant\ndrastiquement la dynamique actuelle de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire. Les combats\nse poursuivent tant au Nord qu\u2019au Sud Kivu entrainant des risques majeurs\npour la protection des civils et une possible d\u00e9stabilisation r\u00e9gionale.\n\n\n**IMPACT DES AFFRONTEMENTS ARMES INTENSES SUR LA PROTECTION**\n**DES CIVILS, LA SITUATION DES DROITS DE L\u2019HOMME ET L\u2019ACCES**\n**HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\nLes affrontements arm\u00e9s du d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019une rare\nintensit\u00e9, atteignant un pic dans la derni\u00e8re semaine de janvier, avec\nl\u2019offensive de l\u2019AFC/M23 vers Goma et les localit\u00e9s environnantes. A la mif\u00e9vrier, l\u2019AFC/M23 a poursuivi une seconde avanc\u00e9e significative. Celle-ci a\nabouti le 12 f\u00e9vrier 2025, \u00e0 la prise de Kalehe centre, une ville carrefour entre\nles routes reliant Bukavu \u00e0 d'autres parties de la Province, accentuant les\npressions d\u00e9j\u00e0 existantes sur la ville de Bukavu qui a son tour a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise au\ncours du week-end du 16 f\u00e9vrier. Aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019AFC/M23 poursuit encore son\nextension territoriale vers le sud du Sud Kivu et au Nord Kivu. Les combats se\npoursuivent en direction d\u2019Uvira (Sud Kivu), de Lubero et Walikale (Nord Kivu).\n\n\nLes pertes en vies humaines rapport\u00e9es \u00e0 ce jour depuis l\u2019offensive sur Goma\net de son extension sur le Sud Kivu s\u2019\u00e9levaient \u00e0 plus de 3 000 individus. Le\nnombre de bless\u00e9s accueillis dans les structures sanitaires de la ville de Goma\ndepuis janvier s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 4 269 [vi] . Les traumatismes laiss\u00e9s par ces derni\u00e8res offensives semblent \u00eatre s\u00e9v\u00e8res et entra\u00eenent des\ncons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9 mentale des populations. De nombreuses informations font \u00e9tat de repr\u00e9sailles, notamment\nd'enl\u00e8vements et d'ex\u00e9cutions cibl\u00e9es contre des civils soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de collaborer avec des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux, de m\u00eame que des\nalertes de violations graves \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des enfants. Il a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 des tentatives d'arrestations arbitraires et des actes\nd'intimidation \u00e0 l'encontre de membres d'organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains.\n\n\nAggravant les risques persistants pour les civils, des restes explosifs de guerre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9s dans plusieurs quartiers de\nGoma et Bukavu et dans les zones d\u2019origines o\u00f9 des combats ont eu lieu, constituant une menace pour la population civile. De\nnombreuses armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petits calibres (ALPC) laiss\u00e9es par les parties au conflit (\u00e0 Goma, Bukavu et Kamanyola) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nramass\u00e9es par des civils, y compris des enfants, augmentant le niveau de criminalit\u00e9, de banditisme arm\u00e9 et de violences\nintercommunautaires. Des incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette prolif\u00e9ration d\u2019armes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, et le risque est accru pour les enfants\nen situation de rue, dont le nombre a fortement augment\u00e9 dans la ville de Goma depuis fin janvier.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\nD'importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts aux infrastructures publiques ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s \u00e0 Goma et dans les environs, notamment dans les\n\u00e9tablissements scolaires, espaces amis d\u2019enfants, h\u00f4pitaux et centres de sant\u00e9. Des biens et entrep\u00f4ts appartenant \u00e0 la population\net aux organisations humanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s tant \u00e0 Goma qu\u2019\u00e0 Bukavu.\n\n\nDans le sillage de l\u2019offensive de l\u2019AFC/M23 sur les villes de Goma et Bukavu, exactement le 27 janvier 2025, les prisonniers et\nd\u00e9tenus de la prison de Munzenze (Goma) se sont massivement \u00e9vad\u00e9s. Lors de cette \u00e9vasion, au moins 165 femmes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nviol\u00e9es, puis tu\u00e9es dans un incendie allum\u00e9 lors de cette \u00e9vasion. D\u2019autres \u00e9vasions massives des prisons de Bukavu, Kabare et\nUvira ont suivi lors de l\u2019offensive vers la capitale du Sud Kivu. Il sied de noter que certains \u00e9vad\u00e9s avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnus coupables\nou \u00e9taient soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de graves violations des droits humains, dont de crimes sexuels et sexistes. La combinaison de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nfavorise une grande criminalit\u00e9 urbaine et l\u2019augmentation des risques de violations de droits, notamment le droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, ainsi que le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n\nEn outre, l\u2019intensification des combats et l\u2019occupation des capitales provinciales du Nord et Sud Kivu ont plong\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me bancaire\ndans une paralysie inqui\u00e9tante, complexifiant les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse humanitaire efficace, notamment via les transferts\nmon\u00e9taires. Cette situation a \u00e9galement entrain\u00e9 une grave crise \u00e9conomique dans les zones occup\u00e9es, aggravant les besoins\nhumanitaires. La prise des a\u00e9roports de Goma et Kavumu et leur non-r\u00e9ouverture viennent aggraver la situation, limitant les\npossibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire et la reprise de la vie \u00e9conomique. Selon une enqu\u00eate du Programme Alimentaire Mondial\n(PAM) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2025, pr\u00e8s de 75 % des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont un r\u00e9gime alimentaire inad\u00e9quat. La proportion de\nm\u00e9nages ayant une consommation alimentaire insuffisante a explos\u00e9 depuis d\u00e9cembre 2024, passant de 13 % \u00e0 71 % apr\u00e8s la prise\nde Goma par le M23 [vii] . Enfin, la pr\u00e9sence des autorit\u00e9s de facto et des services administratifs parall\u00e8les, n\u00e9cessite \u00e9galement une\nnouvelle communication coordonn\u00e9e de la part des acteurs humanitaires.\n\n\n**COMPLEXITE D\u2019ACCES ET D\u2019INTERVENTIONS HUMANITAIRES DANS UNE ZONE CONTROLEE PAR UNE AUTORITE DE**\n**FACTO**\n\n\nAvec la prise des capitales provinciales et p\u00f4les administratifs du Nord Kivu et du Sud Kivu (respectivement Goma et Bukavu),\nl\u2019AFC/M23 exerce une autorit\u00e9 de facto sur une grande et importante partie des deux provinces. Les autorit\u00e9s provinciales\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e9tablies et reconnues par le gouvernement de la RDC se sont red\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans d\u2019autres villes secondaires de\nmoindre importance, \u00e0 savoir Beni (pour le Nord Kivu) et Uvira (pour le Sud Kivu).\n\n\nDans ce contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s et la mise en \u0153uvre des actions humanitaires sont fortement conditionn\u00e9s par l\u2019interaction avec cette\nautorit\u00e9 de facto, les organisations humanitaires sont en proie au dilemme de savoir comment apporter une assistance\nhumanitaire, tout en naviguant entre les exigences et les attentes des autorit\u00e9s de facto et celles des autorit\u00e9s et institutions\nofficiellement reconnues.\n\n\nM\u00eame si le Droit International Humanitaire permet une interaction des acteurs humanitaires avec les groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques afin d\u2019apporter assistance et soulager les souffrances, le r\u00e9gime des sanctions impos\u00e9 contre le M23 complexifie la\nsituation et limite les interactions \u00e9conomiques et institutionnelles avec le groupe. Toutefois, la R\u00e9solution 2664 du Conseil de\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies permet la poursuite de l\u2019aide humanitaire sous des conditions strictes.\n\n\nLes acteurs humanitaires op\u00e9rant dans ces deux provinces doivent trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif humanitaire, la neutralit\u00e9\net le principe \u00ab _ne pas nuire_ \u00bb. L\u2019adoption d\u2019une diplomatie humanitaire visant \u00e0 garantir le respect des standards et principes\nhumanitaires, doit pr\u00e9server l\u2019espace humanitaire et \u00e9viter toute instrumentalisation des interventions.\n\n\nCela exige une plus grande coordination inter-agences, notamment \u00e0 travers le Groupe de Travail Acc\u00e8s Humanitaire qui, sous le\nleadership de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP), doit d\u00e9velopper des orientations pour tout engagement avec les groupes arm\u00e9s,\nnotamment l\u2019AFC/M23, pour que les interventions humanitaires soient non seulement conformes aux exigences des Nations\nUnies, mais aussi n\u2019apportent pas une sorte de l\u00e9gitimation aux entit\u00e9s non officiellement reconnues.\n\n\n**ENGAGEMENTS POLITIQUES EN VUE DE LA RESOLUTION DU CONFLIT IMPLIQUANT L\u2019AFC/M23 EN RDC**\n\n\nAlors que les r\u00e9centes avanc\u00e9es de l\u2019AFC/M23 ont exacerb\u00e9 les tensions entre les diff\u00e9rentes parties prenantes, les initiatives\ndiplomatiques se multiplient depuis la prise de Goma afin d\u2019obtenir un cessez-le-feu et une d\u00e9sescalade des tensions au niveau\nnational mais \u00e9galement avec les pays voisins. En f\u00e9vrier, un sommet extraordinaire conjoint sous le lead de la Communaut\u00e9\ndes \u00c9tats d'Afrique de l'Est (EAC) et de la Communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement de l'Afrique australe (SADC) a eu lieu afin de faciliter\nles \u00e9changes entre les pr\u00e9sidents du Rwanda et de la RDC.\n\n\nDe m\u00eame, plusieurs r\u00e9unions du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies ont eu lieu pour discuter de la situation en RDC. La\nr\u00e9solution [viii] adopt\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 par le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 reconnait l\u2019implication du Rwanda dans le soutien \u00e0 l\u2019AFC/M23\nainsi que sa pr\u00e9sence sur le territoire congolais. Elle appelle le Rwanda \u00e0 retirer ses forces de la RDC et \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 son soutien\nau M23. Par ailleurs, le Conseil a exprim\u00e9 des pr\u00e9occupations concernant les cons\u00e9quences humanitaires de cette situation et\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\na insist\u00e9 sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'une solution politique inclusive pour stabiliser la r\u00e9gion. L'organe a \u00e9galement exig\u00e9 que toutes les\nparties facilitent la livraison rapide de l'aide humanitaire aux populations dans le besoin.\n\n\nToutefois, ces diff\u00e9rentes rencontres n\u2019ont pas permis d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 un dialogue substantiel et une r\u00e9solution de la crise. Le\nRwanda consid\u00e8re toujours la pr\u00e9sence des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques de Lib\u00e9ration du Rwanda (FDLR) sur le sol congolais comme\nune menace \u00e0 sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale (justifiant ainsi, implicitement, sa pr\u00e9sence sur le territoire congolais). De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, la RDC\nd\u00e9fend sa souverainet\u00e9 territoriale et accuse directement le Rwanda d\u2019\u00eatre partie prenante au conflit.\n\n\nFace \u00e0 l\u2019enlisement de la crise, les Nations Unies, les Etats-Unis et l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne ont pris des sanctions individuelles \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9gard du Rwanda. De m\u00eame, le Royaume-Uni, le Canada et l\u2019Allemagne ont annonc\u00e9 interrompre leurs nouvelles aides au\nRwanda en r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019offensive du M23 dans l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Depuis le 18 mars 2025, les\nrelations diplomatiques et de coop\u00e9ration entre le Rwanda et la Belgique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rompues.\n\n\nLe gouvernement de la RDC et le M23 avaient accept\u00e9 une invitation du Pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Angola pour des n\u00e9gociations directes\nqui \u00e9taient pr\u00e9vues le 18 mars 2025 \u00e0 Luanda. A la derni\u00e8re minute, l\u2019AFC/M23 a annul\u00e9 sa participation aux n\u00e9gociations,\narguant que les sanctions de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, qui avaient vis\u00e9 quatre cadres du mouvement, torpillaient les efforts de paix [ix] .\n\n\nLe 18 mars 2025, les Pr\u00e9sidents F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi de la RDC et Paul Kagame du Rwanda se sont rencontr\u00e9s Doha, \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de\nl\u2019\u00c9mir du Qatar. Les deux chefs d'\u00c9tat ont r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 leur engagement en faveur d\u2019un cessez-le-feu imm\u00e9diat et inconditionnel.\nLes modalit\u00e9s de l'ex\u00e9cution de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 convenu devraient \u00eatre connues ult\u00e9rieurement [x] . En parall\u00e8le, un dialogue interne\nsous l\u2019\u00e9gide de l\u2019Eglise catholique et l\u2019Eglise protestante (ECC) est \u00e9galement men\u00e9. Des consultations avec les diff\u00e9rentes\nparties prenantes sont en cours. En outre, en date du 22 f\u00e9vrier 2025, le Pr\u00e9sident de la RDC a annonc\u00e9 vouloir constituer un\ngouvernement d\u2019Union nationale [xi] . Des consultations avec la majorit\u00e9, une partie de l\u2019opposition et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, ont\nd\u00e9but\u00e9 fin mars 2025.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n#### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nL\u2019intensification des hostilit\u00e9s depuis janvier 2025, dans le Masisi d\u2019abord, puis Minova, Sake et le Nyiragongo et enfin Goma, a\neu des r\u00e9percussions d\u00e9vastatrices sur la population civile. En vertu du DIH, les parties au conflit ont l\u2019obligation de distinguer\nen tout temps entre civils et combattants, ainsi qu\u2019entre bien civils et objectifs militaires. Pourtant, la violence document\u00e9e lors\nde la prise de Goma illustre des violations flagrantes de ces principes fondamentaux.\n\n\nAu lendemain des affrontements, les Nations Unies estimaient le nombre de victimes \u00e0 environ 3 000 morts [xii] et 4269 bless\u00e9s\nrecens\u00e9s dans les structures de sant\u00e9 encore op\u00e9rationnelles [xiii] . Le Comit\u00e9 International de la Croix Rouge/Croissant Rouge\n(CICR) rapporte avoir, en collaboration avec la Croix Rouge Nationale, enterr\u00e9 plus de 900 corps [xiv] . Parmi les bless\u00e9s rapport\u00e9s\npar les Nations Unies, 70% \u00e9taient des civils, touch\u00e9s majoritairement par des balles (77%) et des explosions d\u2019armes lourdes\n(22%). L\u2019usage de telles armes dans des zones dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9e constitue une violation des principes de proportionnalit\u00e9 et\ndistinction consacr\u00e9s par le DIH.\n\n\nSelon ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project) entre le 1er juillet et le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2024, une moyenne de 109\nincidents par mois, incluant la conduite des hostilit\u00e9s dans des zones dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9es de civils, des explosions et des\nattaques ciblant directement des civils, a \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9e, causant en moyenne 267 morts civils et non civils. En janvier 2025, 254\nincidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s, dont 200 se sont produits au Nord-Kivu en raison du conflit impliquant l\u2019AFC/M23, marquant une\nescalade alarmante des atteintes aux populations civiles. [xv] Ces actes, s\u2019ils sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment dirig\u00e9s contre les civils pourraient\nconstituer des crimes de guerre au regard du Statut de Rome instituant le mandat de la Cour P\u00e9nale Internationale, qui a ouvert\nune instruction dans ce sens.\n\n\nGoma n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019unique zone touch\u00e9e par ces violences. En janvier, lors des affrontements dans le territoire du Masisi, au\nmoins quatre obus seraient tomb\u00e9s le 19 et le 20 janvier respectivement dans les sites des PDIs de Mater-Dei, Kisoko et Nzulo.\nCes attaques auraient caus\u00e9 au total quatre morts et deux bless\u00e9s [xvi] . Ces attaques sur des sites de PDIs, qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une\nprotection sp\u00e9ciale en vertu du DIH, constitue des graves violations du principe de pr\u00e9caution dans la conduite des hostilit\u00e9s.\n\n\nSur l\u2019axe de Minova, des sources locales ont rapport\u00e9 deux homicides et 113 bless\u00e9s, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital\nG\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Minova. Bien que la prise de Bukavu n\u2019ait pas donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des affrontements aussi intenses qu\u2019\u00e0\nGoma, la situation y demeure pr\u00e9occupante. En particulier, la diss\u00e9mination incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res a accru l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9,\ndonnant lieu \u00e0 une recrudescence du banditisme arm\u00e9. La prolif\u00e9ration d\u2019armes entre les mains de civils, y compris d\u2019enfants,\nconstitue un facteur aggravant de la violence et expose les populations \u00e0 de nouvelles violations. Le 27 f\u00e9vrier 2025, deux\nexplosions en pleine foule lors d\u2019un rassemblement populaire organis\u00e9 par AFC/M23 \u00e0 Bukavu ont fait plusieurs victimes, dont\nau moins 13 morts. Par ailleurs, la lib\u00e9ration ou l\u2019\u00e9vasion des prisonniers \u00e0 Goma, Bukavu et Uvira alimente une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\npersistante augmentant les risques pour la population civile. [xvii]\n\n\nDans le cadre des affrontements sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u00e0 Goma, de nombreuses infrastructures civiles, \u2013 h\u00f4pitaux, centres de sant\u00e9,\n\u00e9coles \u2013 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es, limitant gravement les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire et de prestation de services essentiels.\nAu moins sept organisations humanitaires et b\u00e2timents publics ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s, vandalis\u00e9s ou touch\u00e9s par l'artillerie. Au 3 mars,\nle [Cluster Education](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/impact-de-la-crise-m23-sur-le-secteur-de-leducation-ndeg5-03-mars-2025) estime qu'au moins 775 \u00e9coles dans le Nord Kivu, sur un total de 1 483 \u00e9coles, restent ferm\u00e9es. Les autorit\u00e9s\nrapportent \u00e9galement, qu\u2019entre le 5 et le 14 f\u00e9vrier, pr\u00e8s de 80 % des maisons et infrastructures publiques (centres de sant\u00e9,\n\u00e9coles et administrations) dans le centre de Kalehe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites \u00e0 cause des combats et 1 111 \u00e9coles du Sud Kivu \u00e9taient\nferm\u00e9es au 13 f\u00e9vrier 2025, compromettant le droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation de milliers d\u2019enfants. Ces destructions combin\u00e9es aux pillages,\ncompromettent gravement l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de sant\u00e9, d\u2019\u00e9ducation, d\u2019eau et d\u2019\u00e9nergie, en violation du DIH qui impose aux\nparties au conflit de pr\u00e9server l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux biens et infrastructures indispensables \u00e0 la survie de la population civile.\n\n\n[Le Coordonnateur Humanitaire en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, Bruno Lemarquis, a publi\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/humanitarian-coordinator-calls-respect-human-rights-and-international-humanitarian-law-north-and-south-kivu-provinces) exprimant\nune profonde inqui\u00e9tude concernant l'augmentation du nombre d'incidents de violence cibl\u00e9e contre les civils, les\ninfrastructures m\u00e9dicales et \u00e9ducatives, ainsi que le personnel humanitaire dans le Nord et le Sud Kivu. Le Coordonnateur\nHumanitaire a appel\u00e9 toutes les parties \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les civils et \u00e0 respecter leurs obligations en vertu du DIH.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\nDans ce contexte, la population civile reste particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable, notamment en raison de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019artillerie lourde\ndans ces affrontements qui accro\u00eet de mani\u00e8re significative le risque de dommages collat\u00e9raux disproportionn\u00e9s. La situation\nexige une r\u00e9ponse urgente de la communaut\u00e9 internationale afin de faire respecter les obligations du DIH et d\u2019assurer la\nprotection effective des populations civiles.\n\n\nEn 2024, plus de 3 millions de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en RDC, portant le nombre total des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes (PDIs) \u00e0 7,8 millions. [xviii] 58% d\u2019entre eux se trouvaient dans les provinces du Nord et Sud Kivu (respectivement 2,8 M et 1,7\nM). Environ 650 000 PDI \u00e9taient h\u00e9berg\u00e9s dans les sites \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la ville de Goma. [xix] La situation de d\u00e9placement des\npopulations dans ces provinces connaissait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un niveau catastrophique avant l\u2019escalade de violence de ce d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n\nLes combats dans les territoires de Goma, Nyiragongo, Masisi et Kalehe ont provoqu\u00e9 une panique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et des d\u00e9placements\nmassifs des populations h\u00f4tes et PDIs, particuli\u00e8rement chez ceux qui vivaient dans des sites de d\u00e9placement. Certaines personnes\nont pris la direction des zones d\u2019origine ou de nouvelles zones de d\u00e9placement telles que Idjwi ou encore Bukavu tandis que d'autres\nont cherch\u00e9 refuge dans des \u00e9coles, des \u00e9glises, des familles d'accueil ou dans des sites collectifs improvis\u00e9s \u00e0 Goma.\n\n\nSelon l\u2019OIM, on estime \u00e0 un total de 1 157 090 personnes (226 140 m\u00e9nages) le nombre d\u2019individus d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les provinces\ndu Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu en raison de l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du M23, tandis qu\u2019environ 1 787 298 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (355 105\nm\u00e9nages) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes de retourner dans leurs lieux d\u2019origine [xx] . Cela repr\u00e9sente une diminution de 40% de personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes et une augmentation de 130% de personnes retourn\u00e9es \u00e0 la date de mars 2025, comparativement aux\nestimations de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente \u00e9valuation rapide de la crise men\u00e9e par le DTM en d\u00e9cembre 2024.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\nAu 21 mars 2025, le Cluster CCCM ne recensait plus que 11 024 personnes (soit 2 411 m\u00e9nages) dans une cinquantaine de centres\ncollectifs dans la ville de Goma et alentours. On estime \u00e0 80 000 le nombre de PDIs qui vivraient en famille d\u2019accueil [xxi] .\n\n\nSi Bukavu \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e encore comme une zone de refuge en janvier 2025, les avanc\u00e9es progressives de l\u2019AFC/M23 dans le Sud\nKivu et la prise de Bukavu, ont \u00e9galement provoqu\u00e9 de nouveaux d\u00e9placements de population vers Uvira, Tanganyika, ainsi que\nvers le Burundi. Le Gouvernement du Burundi a en effet mentionn\u00e9 avoir accueilli pr\u00e8s de 65 544 demandeurs d\u2019asile sur les 92\n583 personnes qui ont fui l\u2019Est de la RDC dans les pays voisins depuis le premier janvier 2025 [xxii] .\n\n\nL\u2019AFC/M23 a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 connue pour avoir une politique contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. En effet, le mouvement a\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement ordonn\u00e9 le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des sites h\u00e9bergeant les PDIs dans de nombreuses localit\u00e9s sous son contr\u00f4le. Lors\nde sa progression dans le Masisi, l\u2019AFC/M23 avait donn\u00e9 l\u2019ordre de quitter les sites de Kalinga, Katale, Bihito, Kisoko, Mater Dei,\net Adventistes, mena\u00e7ant de les d\u00e9manteler en cas de non-respect de cet ordre. A Minova, le m\u00eame processus a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9\nlanc\u00e9. Au total, au Sud Kivu, 64 sites g\u00e9r\u00e9s sous les m\u00e9canismes CCCM (sur les 71 sites existants dans la province, principalement\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Minova en territoire de Kalehe) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. [xxiii]\n\n\nDepuis le contr\u00f4le de la ville de Goma par l\u2019AFC/M23, une pression a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 exerc\u00e9e sur les PDIs pour qu\u2019ils retournent\ndans leur village d\u2019origine. Ceci est corrobor\u00e9 par les d\u00e9clarations des dirigeants de l'AFC/M23 lors de leur conf\u00e9rence de presse\ndu 30 janvier, ainsi que l\u2019ultimatum du 9 f\u00e9vrier 2025 donn\u00e9 aux PDIs des sites de Bulengo, Lushagala, et autres sites sur l\u2019axe\nGoma-Sake pour les quitter dans les 72 heures.\n\n\nLes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s retourn\u00e9s pourraient \u00eatre confront\u00e9s \u00e0 beaucoup de difficult\u00e9s et expos\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs risques de protection si des\nactions appropri\u00e9es ne sont pas prises en amont. En effet, aucune \u00e9valuation n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e pour s'assurer que les zones\nd\u2019origine des PDIs \u00e9taient s\u00fbres et que les conditions d'un retour digne \u00e9taient r\u00e9unies avant l\u2019ultimatum pour le retour.\n\n\nOutre les pressions et menaces directes du M23 pour forcer les PDI \u00e0 quitter les sites, ces derniers font \u00e9galement face \u00e0 une\nmultitude de menaces et risques dans les zones de retour: la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s, la perte du droit au logement ad\u00e9quat\n(de nombreuses maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites ou occup\u00e9es lors du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9), la perte de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux champs (pr\u00e9sence\nde REG, occupation secondaire ainsi que l\u2019accaparement des terres), l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux services de base (tels que les \u00e9coles, les\ncentres de sant\u00e9 y compris les services de prise en charge des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) et de protection de l\u2019enfance,\net les points d\u2019eau etc.) devenu dysfonctionnel en raison des pertes en intrant, destruction des infrastructures et d\u00e9placement\ndu personnel. Enfin, le conflit en cours a intensifi\u00e9 les tensions autour des conflits fonciers et des questions de logement, terre\net propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (LTP).\n\n\nPour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s rwandais, les menaces de repr\u00e9sailles sont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sentes. Nombre d\u2019entre eux op\u00e8rent \u00e9galement un\nmouvement de retour volontaire vers le Rwanda, avec le soutien du Haut-Commissariat pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) [xxiv][.]\n\n\nLa complexit\u00e9 des dynamiques de d\u00e9placements (secondaires et de retour) a radicalement chang\u00e9 le contexte op\u00e9rationnel de\nl\u2019action humanitaire passant d\u2019une intervention principalement concentr\u00e9e dans des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s cibl\u00e9s vers une\nintervention dans des zones plus \u00e9largies n\u00e9cessitant un d\u00e9ploiement des acteurs humanitaires. Cette situation a engendr\u00e9 de\ns\u00e9rieux d\u00e9fis en termes de protection et d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux populations affect\u00e9es et exige un redimensionnement et r\u00e9ajustement des\napproches pour apporter l\u2019aide vitale et les services sociaux de base aux populations dans le besoin dans des zones\nprincipalement g\u00e9r\u00e9es par des autorit\u00e9s de facto.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n#### RISQUE 3 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) constituent un risque de protection majeur en RDC, en particulier dans les provinces\nconnaissant des conflits arm\u00e9s. Lors de la derni\u00e8re analyse de protection men\u00e9e par le Cluster, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es comme\nle risque de protection avec le niveau de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.\n\n\nL\u2019escalade des violences en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e a eu un impact d\u00e9vastateur sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre des femmes et des filles,\nr\u00e9duisant consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse face \u00e0 cette nouvelle vague de violence. Lors des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s pour\nfuir la violence et dans les refuges aux conditions d\u2019extr\u00eame pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, les civils sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de multiples attaques et\nmenaces, y compris des viols commis par des individus et des gangs, ainsi que le recrutement forc\u00e9 et l'esclavage sexuel commis\npar des groupes arm\u00e9s op\u00e9rant dans une quasi-impunit\u00e9.\n\n\nLes violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits (CRSV) perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es au Nord et Sud Kivu durant cette phase aig\u00fce de la crise ne sont pas\nseulement des cons\u00e9quences de la violence, elles constituent une tactique de guerre utilis\u00e9e pour terroriser, d\u00e9placer et\ncontr\u00f4ler les populations, tout en privant les femmes et les filles de leur dignit\u00e9 et de leurs droits fondamentaux.\n\n\nUne grande majorit\u00e9 des personnes forc\u00e9es de fuir \u00e0 cause des bombardements et des raids sont des femmes et des enfants\nqui vivaient dans les sites de d\u00e9placement \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Goma. Ces femmes et ses enfants se retrouv\u00e9s confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des\nrisques \u00e9lev\u00e9s de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans les nouveaux centres collectifs et/ou les familles d\u2019accueil, en raison des\nconditions de vie pr\u00e9caires, marqu\u00e9es par une forte promiscuit\u00e9, une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante, ainsi qu\u2019une p\u00e9nurie de nourriture\net d\u2019eau. Par ailleurs, des d\u00e9tenus masculins ont viol\u00e9 au moins 165 femmes lors d'une \u00e9vasion de la prison de Muzenze,\npendant la prise de Goma le 27 janvier 2025 [xxv] .\n\n\nIl est difficile de d\u00e9terminer avec pr\u00e9cision le nombre de survivants des VBG, y compris de violences sexuelles, dans le contexte\ndes r\u00e9cents combats. Toutefois, des centaines de survivants ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des soins m\u00e9dicaux. Entre le 1 janvier et\nle 15 f\u00e9vrier, 895 cas de viol ont re\u00e7u des soins m\u00e9dicaux dans 23 \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9 r\u00e9partis dans seulement 3 des 32\nzones de sant\u00e9 du Nord-Kivu (Goma, Karisimbi, Nyiragongo). Parmi ces victimes, 65,6 % ont re\u00e7u des soins dans les 72 heures\nsuivant l\u2019incident ; 97 % \u00e9taient des femmes/filles (12,6 % des mineurs). Au Sud-Kivu, 308 survivants ont re\u00e7u des soins m\u00e9dicaux\net un soutien psychosocial dans un contexte d\u00e9ficitaire des services de prise en charge. Cependant, les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 ces\nincidents ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement collect\u00e9es qu\u2019au niveau des centres de sant\u00e9 qui assurent la gestion clinique des services de\nviol - ce qui ne fournit qu'une image partielle de l\u2019\u00e9tendue des incidents suppos\u00e9s. Au plus fort des combats \u00e0 Goma, seuls trois\nh\u00f4pitaux \u00e9taient encore op\u00e9rationnels, capables de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des victimes (survivants et survivantes) de violences\nsexuelles, et seulement quelques dispensaires communautaires \u00e9taient en mesure de fournir des soins d'urgence de base. De\nnombreux autres cas de violence restent non document\u00e9s en raison de divers facteurs, tels que la crainte de repr\u00e9sailles de la\npart des auteurs, la stigmatisation au sein de la communaut\u00e9 et l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019absence de services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.\n\n\nDans les deux provinces (Nord et Sud Kivu) plusieurs autres facteurs entravent la prise en charge des survivants dans les zones\naffect\u00e9es, notamment : les dommages aux infrastructures sanitaires ; le pillage des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts d'intrants humanitaires d'urgence,\ny compris des kits d\u2019urgence de sant\u00e9 sexuelle et reproductive, des kits post viol, des kits de dignit\u00e9, de m\u00e9dicaments, ; la\nfermeture de nombreux espaces s\u00e9curis\u00e9s pour les femmes/filles et d'autres services d'intervention par manque de\nfinancement ou pour des raisons d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9; les \u00e9vacuations et d\u00e9localisation d\u2019urgence du personnel qualifi\u00e9 des ONGI,\nagences UN et ONG nationales en raison de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; la saisie ou menaces/tentatives de saisie de v\u00e9hicules aux partenaires\ndes organisations humanitaires ou pr\u00eat\u00e9s aux entit\u00e9s publiques pour soutenir la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire; et les\ndysfonctionnements caus\u00e9s dans la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement en intrants essentiels dans les zones affect\u00e9s. Tous ces\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments ont une incidence sur la qualit\u00e9 et la disponibilit\u00e9 des services VBG qui sauvent des vies.\n\n\nLes premi\u00e8res \u00e9valuations rapides multisectorielles men\u00e9es dans les alentours de la ville de Goma, dans les territoires de Masisi,\nRutshuru et Nyiragongo, indiquent que 40% des retourn\u00e9s rencontrent des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur terre (tant pour le logement\nque pour l\u2019agriculture). Ces difficult\u00e9s sont principalement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des REG, \u00e0 la destruction de leurs habitations lors\ndes affrontements, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 de multiples cas d\u2019occupation des maisons et des champs. Ces occupations, souvent le fait d\u2019autres\nPDIs, sont plus fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 Kitchanga, sur l\u2019axe Kibumba et Rutshuru, et moins courantes sur l\u2019axe Shasha. Les occupants\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\nactuels, ayant parfois investi dans les travaux de la saison agricole en cours ou pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, expriment souvent leur volont\u00e9 de\nrester sur place. La r\u00e9solution de ces situations de conflit foncier n\u00e9cessite des discussions entre les parties prenantes afin de\nparvenir \u00e0 des arrangements \u00e0 l\u2019amiable.\n\n\nD\u2019autres conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s, en particulier parmi les PDIs de longue dur\u00e9e. Plusieurs\nmilliers de PDIs, d\u00e9plac\u00e9es depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es avant le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des sites lors de la progression de l\u2019AFC/M23, sont\nconfront\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00ab _paysans_ _sans_ _terre_ \u00bb. Ne pouvant retourner dans leurs zones d\u2019origine en raison de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante, et ne disposant pas non plus de la capacit\u00e9 de se r\u00e9installer localement \u2013 en raison du refus de\nl\u2019AFC/M23 ainsi que des concessionnaires terriens \u2013 ces personnes restent sans solution durable. C\u2019est notamment le cas des\nPDIs des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Katale et Kalinga dans le Masisi.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, certains retourn\u00e9s affirment avoir perdu leurs documents de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fonci\u00e8res lors du d\u00e9placement, ce qui\nentrave le processus de recouvrement de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. De m\u00eame, certains m\u00e9nages (cas de 315 m\u00e9nages de Karenga dans\nle Masisi) se sont vu refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur village d\u2019origine par l\u2019AFC/M23 en raison de la proximit\u00e9 avec la pr\u00e9sence des FDLR\net la perception que ces derniers pourraient tirer profit de cette communaut\u00e9 pour leurs propres activit\u00e9s militaires.\n\n\nNon seulement cette situation cr\u00e9e un terreau propice au d\u00e9veloppement de conflits communautaires et/ou fonciers,\n(notamment concernant les limites ou l\u2019exploitation des terres, ainsi que les tensions entre \u00e9leveurs et agriculteurs au sujet des\np\u00e2turages et terres cultiv\u00e9es), mais expose aussi les populations retourn\u00e9es \u00e0 des violences et \u00e0 des risques accrus de\nprotection.\n\n\nEn outre, le remplacement des autorit\u00e9s locales r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e9tablies par les autorit\u00e9s de facto dans les zones de retour limite\nles possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019introduire des processus formels de recouvrement des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et implique de travailler au niveau\ncommunautaire afin de r\u00e9duire au maximum les risques de conflits fonciers et communautaires.\n\n\nDans la plupart des localit\u00e9s, les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de r\u00e8glements des conflits sont inexistants et/ou dysfonctionnels\net n\u00e9cessitent d\u2019\u00eatre redynamis\u00e9s. Au Rutshuru, des Noyaux de Paix et de D\u00e9veloppement (NPD) existent encore et\naccompagnent certaines personnes dans le processus de recouvrement ou r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. Cependant, ces\nderniers ont des besoins d\u2019encadrement et de renforcement de leurs capacit\u00e9s pour \u00eatre pleinement efficaces.\n\n\nAu-del\u00e0 des acteurs de protection sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les questions LTP, l\u2019implication des organisations et programmes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s\ndans la r\u00e9silience, la consolidation de la paix et la gestion des conflits communautaires, telles que le \u00ab _Conflict Sensitivity Hub_ \u00bb,\nest plus qu\u2019essentielle pour garantir la coh\u00e9rence des actions visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques li\u00e9s aux retours dans des zones \u00e0 fortes\ntensions.\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs et autres restes de guerre.\n\n\nBien que la pr\u00e9sence de mines et d\u2019autres engins explosifs n\u2019ait pas figur\u00e9 parmi les risques estim\u00e9s les plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res dans les\nprovinces du Nord et du Sud Kivu lors de la derni\u00e8re analyse de protection men\u00e9e en octobre 2024, il est d\u00e9sormais n\u00e9cessaire\nde constater une forte d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Pour la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 f\u00e9vrier 2025, ACLED a d\u00e9compt\u00e9 70\nd\u00e9c\u00e8s par engins explosifs dont 37 victimes au Sud Kivu et 33 au Nord Kivu.\n\n\nSuite \u00e0 la prise de Goma et de Bukavu, de nombreuses alertes ont fait \u00e9tat de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins non explos\u00e9s dans plusieurs\nquartiers de ces deux villes, ainsi que dans des \u00e9coles. Le Cluster Education a ainsi r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 34 \u00e9coles contamin\u00e9es dans Goma\net alentours, et 22 \u00e9coles au Sud Kivu. Si ces \u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9es depuis par l\u2019AFC/M23, les risques d\u2019incidents restent\ninqui\u00e9tants, mettant en danger la population civile. Les enfants sont particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9s \u00e0 ce risque en raison de la\nmanipulation de ce type d\u2019objets trouv\u00e9s en rue ou dans les lieux qu\u2019ils fr\u00e9quentent. Les jeunes se sont notamment empar\u00e9s\ndes armes abandonn\u00e9es, intensifiant ainsi les tensions, rivalit\u00e9s intercommunautaires, ainsi que la criminalit\u00e9 et le banditisme.\nCe risque expose \u00e9galement les acteurs humanitaires et limite d\u00e8s lors leur d\u00e9placement et l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans ces zones.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, les mouvements de population vers leurs zones d\u2019origine constituent \u00e9galement un autre d\u00e9fi majeur. En effet,\ndans de nombreux cas, les zones d\u2019origine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de violents affrontements entre les bellig\u00e9rants. Les premi\u00e8res\nanalyses r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans les zones de retour confirment la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s, que ce soit dans les champs\nou les maisons. Cette situation restreint la possibilit\u00e9 pour les PDIs de reprendre leurs activit\u00e9s de subsistance et/ou d\u2019avoir un\nlogement s\u00e9curis\u00e9.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\nConcernant le Sud Kivu, la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s et d\u2019armes abandonn\u00e9es est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s importante, bien\nqu\u2019aucun combat intense n\u2019ait eu lieu \u00e0 Bukavu ni \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Kavumu. En effet, depuis le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2025, le territoire de\nKabare, et plus particuli\u00e8rement les groupements de Miti et Bugore, a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une situation s\u00e9curitaire extr\u00eamement\npr\u00e9occupante. L\u2019occupation de l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Kavumu par AFC/M23 a entra\u00een\u00e9 le retrait pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 des FARDC, laissant derri\u00e8re\neux des quantit\u00e9s massives d\u2019armes, de munitions et d\u2019engins explosifs non d\u00e9ton\u00e9s. Cette d\u00e9sertion a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des zones \u00e0 haut\nrisque, exposant directement les populations locales, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragilis\u00e9es par les d\u00e9placements et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Au Sud Kivu, 507 [xxvi]\npersonnes bless\u00e9es par balles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise.\n\n\nLa capacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle des acteurs humanitaires sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans ce domaine reste limit\u00e9e et insuffisante. Bien que\ncertaines organisations nationales soient form\u00e9es \u00e0 la sensibilisation aux risques li\u00e9s aux mines, peu d\u2019entre elles disposent des\ncomp\u00e9tences pour mener des actions de d\u00e9pollution. Cette situation est exacerb\u00e9e par le processus complexe d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation\net de certification exig\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s congolaises et autorisant les acteurs \u00e0 mener ce type d\u2019activit\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, ce risque\na rarement \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en compte dans les priorit\u00e9s par les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9ponse et de financement humanitaire ; ce qui a\nconduit \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9fi de mobilisation de fonds suffisants, aggravant cette capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse limit\u00e9e. Enfin, les discussions\nengag\u00e9es avec les autorit\u00e9s de facto concernant les interventions de d\u00e9pollution n\u2019ont pas permis le d\u00e9marrage de ces activit\u00e9s,\ncelles-ci s\u2019y opposant syst\u00e9matiquement. Il demeure essentiel de poursuivre le dialogue avec ces derni\u00e8res afin de faciliter les\nop\u00e9rations des acteurs accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s. La mise en \u0153uvre de ces op\u00e9rations est cruciale pour r\u00e9duire les risques d\u2019accidents,\nnotamment les pertes en vie humaines et les blessures importantes.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n#### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nEn janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2025, **68 partenaires** de protection dont 54 au Nord Kivu et seulement\n18 au Sud Kivu ont rapport\u00e9 avoir r\u00e9pondu aux besoins de protection d\u2019environ 6,6% des\npersonnes cibl\u00e9es dans ces provinces, soit 109 029 personnes sur les 1,64 millions de\npersonnes cibl\u00e9es en protection au Nord et Sud Kivu. Parmi les 109 029 **personnes**\n**atteintes, 51% d\u2019adultes, 42% d\u2019enfants, 7% de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assist\u00e9s, et 3%**\n**de celles-ci sont des personnes avec handicap** **[xxvii]** **.**\n\n\nLes principaux services de r\u00e9ponses offerts \u00e9taient la pr\u00e9vention, r\u00e9ponse et prise en charge\nVBG, l\u2019assistance psychosociale, et les appuis via les approches communautaires. Bien que\ndes activit\u00e9s de cohabitation pacifique, coh\u00e9sion sociale ont eu lieu, celles-ci restent\nclairement insuffisantes face aux besoins. Dans le contexte actuel, au vu des capacit\u00e9s\nlimit\u00e9es des acteurs, des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s\net des potentiels conflits fonciers, Aper\u00e7u des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires atteints par zone de sant\u00e9\nl\u2019approche communautaire parait centrale \u00e0 janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2025\nla r\u00e9ponse de protection.\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires atteints par zone de sant\u00e9\n\n\n\njanvier et f\u00e9vrier 2025\n\n\n\n**NOMBRE DE STAFF HUMANITAIRES TUES (janvier \u2013 mars 2025)**\n\n**10**\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire au Nord et Sud Kivu est devenu un enjeu central\ndepuis janvier 2025. La prise et la fermeture des a\u00e9roports de Goma et\nKavumu a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un blocage sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent perturbant gravement\nl\u2019acheminement des biens et du personnel humanitaire. Les\naffrontements en cours limitent \u00e9galement l\u2019acc\u00e8s routier. La mont\u00e9e de\nla criminalit\u00e9, notamment \u00e0 Goma et Bukavu, serait due \u00e0 la circulation\nd'armes abandonn\u00e9es par les militaires FARDC. Cette situation exacerbe\nles risques d\u2019incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, y inclus \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du personnel\nhumanitaire. Une augmentation substantielle de la violence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des\nhumanitaires et du nombre de staffs d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s est observ\u00e9 depuis le d\u00e9but\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e.\nPar ailleurs, la fermeture du syst\u00e8me bancaire ainsi que le nonfonctionnement de certains services administratifs compliquent la\npoursuite des interventions humanitaires, restreignant les capacit\u00e9s de\nr\u00e9ponse.\nDans ce contexte, le dialogue avec les autorit\u00e9s de facto ainsi qu\u2019avec les\nautorit\u00e9s officielles est crucial pour maintenir un acc\u00e8s aux populations\naffect\u00e9es, n\u00e9gocier des corridors humanitaires, et garantir la libert\u00e9\nd\u2019action pour mettre en \u0153uvre des interventions humanitaires et\nnotamment de protection.\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nLe retrait des Etats-Unis du financement de l\u2019action\nhumanitaire est catastrophique pour la RDC non\nseulement en raison du haut financement am\u00e9ricain dans\nla r\u00e9ponse humanitaire en RDC (70% du financement du\nHNRP 2024) mais \u00e9galement au vu de l\u2019aggravation de la\ncrise humanitaire que connait le pays. Le secteur de la\nprotection n\u2019est pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9 par cette situation.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n#### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse, des action urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9duire les risques importants de\nprotection en lien avec le contexte actuel de la RDC. Le Cluster Protection et ses partenaires consid\u00e8rent que les actions\n\u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es ci-dessous sont essentielles.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET AUTORITES PROVINCIALES (CELLES RECONNUES ET CELLES DE FACTO)**\n\n\n- S\u2019engager fermement et publiquement \u00e0 respecter le Droit International Humanitaire, le Droit International des Droits de\nl\u2019Homme, notamment la protection des populations civiles et des agents humanitaires.\n\n- Mettre imm\u00e9diatement fin \u00e0 l'escalade militaire et s\u2019engager pour un cessez-le feu durable, non seulement pour mettre fin\naux souffrances des populations civiles, mais aussi pour cr\u00e9er des conditions propices \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution des causes imm\u00e9diates\net les racines du conflit.\n\n- S\u2019engager \u00e0 respecter et prot\u00e9ger des espaces humanitaires qui, non seulement offrent un refuge aux civils affect\u00e9s, mais\nprot\u00e8gent \u00e9galement les infrastructures humanitaires essentielles, y compris les entrep\u00f4ts.\n\n- Mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes permettant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux banques et aux liquidit\u00e9s ou autres syst\u00e8mes alternatifs afin de\nrelancer l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale, assurer la continuit\u00e9 des services publics, et ainsi maintenir un niveau de coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\n- Mobiliser les partenaires techniques et financiers (PTF) pour renforcer l\u2019appui au financement et \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation des\ninfrastructures de base qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es et/ou d\u00e9truites, et y faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s.\n\n\n**EQUIPE HUMANITAIRE PAYS ET ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer le suivi et la documentation des violations des droits humains dans les zones affect\u00e9es, y compris \u00e0 travers le\nd\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9quipes mobiles, et partager ces informations avec les instances comp\u00e9tentes et les m\u00e9canismes\npertinents.\n\n\n**AUTORITE DE FACTO DANS LES PROVINCES DU NORD KIVU ET DU SUD KIVU**\n\n\n- Garantir le respect du retour volontaire en s\u2019abstenant de forcer les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 retourner dans leur zone\nd\u2019origine sans leur consentement \u00e9clair\u00e9 ; et en \u00e9vitant toute forme de contrainte, de coercition ou menaces qui\npousseraient les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 retourner dans leurs lieux d\u2019origine encore fragiles.\n\n- S\u2019assurer que les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de s\u00fbret\u00e9 dans les zones de retour soient remplies, et que des m\u00e9canismes de\nprotection des civils soient en place, notamment via la d\u00e9pollution de la zone des engins explosifs, les services de prise en\ncharge des survivants/survivantes des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et d\u2019assistance psychosociale, etc.\n\n- Garantir un acc\u00e8s sans entrave et un espace humanitaire s\u00e9curis\u00e9 pour les acteurs humanitaires pour permettre la mise en\n\u0153uvre de programmes de protection et d\u2019assistance dans les sites et centres collectifs accueillant les PDIs, pour \u00e9viter que\nla pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 sur le lieu du d\u00e9placement ne pousse les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 envisager un retour dangereux.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Dans les zones o\u00f9 les PDIs sont retourn\u00e9es alors que les conditions permettant un retour digne et s\u00e9curis\u00e9 ne sont pas\npr\u00e9sentes, envisager des interventions qui sauvent des vies, all\u00e8gent la souffrance, mais qui ne soient pas de nature \u00e0 inciter\ndes retours dans des zones dangereuses.\n\n- Dans les zones de retour qui sont jug\u00e9es stables non seulement suite \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation objective mais aussi parce que les\nretourn\u00e9s se sentent en s\u00e9curit\u00e9, soutenir les activit\u00e9s et initiatives de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration qui renforcent la r\u00e9silience\ncommunautaire.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\n- Encourager et appuyer la coordination humanitaire au Nord Kivu et Sud Kivu et effectuer une \u00e9valuation holistique et\nmultisectorielle, prenant en compte particuli\u00e8rement les aspects de protection, de perception communautaire et de\nsensibilit\u00e9 au conflit dans les zones de retours pour mieux orienter le plaidoyer et la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire.\n\n- Engager toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les acteurs arm\u00e9s, pour garantir le principe du retour librement consenti,\nsur base d\u2019informations et donn\u00e9es fiables et \u00e0 jour concernant les besoins, les pr\u00e9occupations de protection, la\nd\u00e9mographie et les intentions des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n- Mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes pour suivre et pr\u00e9venir les mouvements forc\u00e9s, tout en garantissant une r\u00e9ponse\nad\u00e9quate et rapide aux besoins humanitaires des PDIs, tant sur les sites que dans les zones de retour.\n\n#### RISQUE 3 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT DE LA RDC**\n\n\n- Appuyer les efforts de l\u2019EHP pour l\u2019ouverture des couloirs humanitaires a\u00e9riens, terrestres et lacustres pour faciliter un\nr\u00e9approvisionnement rapide des stocks d\u2019urgence dans les zones affect\u00e9es et r\u00e9pondre dans le d\u00e9lai aux besoins imm\u00e9diats\ndes populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n- Multiplier les efforts pour le retour \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9 dans les deux provinces afin de garantir la protection des personnes \u00e0\nrisques, notamment les femmes et les filles.\n\n\n**AUTORITES DE FACTO DANS LES PROVINCES DU NORD KIVU ET DU SUD KIVU**\n\n\n- D\u00e9finir et rendre public les mesures pour lutter contre l'impunit\u00e9 notamment pour les VSLC dans les zones sous leur\ncontr\u00f4le.\n\n- Assurer un environnement qui garantit la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des populations, o\u00f9 les femmes et filles peuvent vivre sans\npeur de violences et o\u00f9 les acteurs humanitaires (inclus les OSC) peuvent exercer leur travail sans menaces ni contraintes.\n\n- Accorder des facilit\u00e9s administratives pour l\u2019approvisionnement des h\u00f4pitaux en intrants n\u00e9cessaires d\u2019urgence pour la\nsant\u00e9 sexuelle et reproductive, y inclus pour la prise en charge des survivants de VBG.\n\n\n**BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n\n- Renforcer l\u2019enveloppe de financement des programmes GBV dans les deux provinces, notamment dans les zones de retour.\n\n- Encourager le partenariat avec les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile/les organisation de femmes ou de droits des femmes\npour renforcer la r\u00e9silience locale, les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection et la non-rupture des services dans les\nzones difficiles d\u2019acc\u00e8s.\n\n- Soutenir la coordination GBV en finan\u00e7ant les postes de coordinateurs et IMs GBV dans les deux provinces afin de garantir\nl\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services, \u00e9clairer la prise des d\u00e9cisions de l\u2019EHP et des bailleurs, le plaidoyer, etc.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer la prise en compte de la transversalit\u00e9 de la mitigation des risques VBG dans tous les secteurs.\n\n- Assurer le respect des principes directeurs dans les services de prise en charge ainsi que dans le processus de collecte,\nvalidation et communication sur les donn\u00e9es VBG.\n\n\n**AUTORITES PROVINCIALES ET LOCALES (RECONNUES OU DE FACTO).**\n\n\n- S\u2019abstenir des actes ou initiatives qui pourraient inciter ou favoriser les occupations forc\u00e9es ou de mauvaise foi des maisons\net champs des personnes en d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 ou retourn\u00e9es, et soutenir la r\u00e9solution des conflits d\u2019occupation\nsecondaire de mani\u00e8re pacifique.\n\n- Encourager la gestion des conflits fonciers (occupations des parcelles/maisons/champs) \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9canismes de\nm\u00e9diation et d\u2019arbitrage entre les parties concern\u00e9es et impliquant \u00e9ventuellement les leaders communautaires\n(Nyumbakumi), les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, les populations h\u00f4tes, et les propri\u00e9taires coutumiers.\n\n- Cr\u00e9er des conditions permettant aux institutions coutumi\u00e8res r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e9tablies de rester fonctionnelles et impartiales\npour traiter les litiges fonciers.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Mars 2025\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Observer la diligence raisonnable pour toutes les r\u00e9ponses humanitaires qui ont un lien avec la terre, ainsi que les\nressources naturelles (abris, relance agricole, WASH, r\u00e9habilitation/construction des \u00e9coles et autre structure\npublique, etc.) afin de ne pas nuire.\n\n- Coordonner les interventions LTP et LAM avec les autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales, les autorit\u00e9s de facto et les leaders\ncommunautaires pour la d\u00e9pollution des champs et autres endroits avec REG.\n\n- Renforcer la coordination des agences et organisations lead de protection pour adopter des approches communes de\nd\u00e9ploiement des activit\u00e9s touchant sur les questions fonci\u00e8res et d\u2019acc\u00e8s des PDIs aux droits LTP, en \u00e9troite collaboration\navec le Groupe de Travail Acc\u00e8s Humanitaire (GTAH).\n\n- Impliquer les organisations et programmes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9silience, la consolidation de la paix et la gestion des conflits\ncommunautaires, telles que le \u00ab _Conflict Sensitivity Hub_ \u00bb, pour garantir la coh\u00e9rence des actions visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les risques\nli\u00e9s aux retours dans des zones \u00e0 fortes tensions.\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Pr\u00e9sence de mines et autres engins explosifs\n\n\n**AUTORITES DE FACTO DANS LES PROVINCES DU NORD KIVU ET DU SUD KIVU**\n\n\n- Autoriser et faciliter le travail des acteurs de lutte antimine dans les zones de retour et dans les agglom\u00e9rations fortement\npeupl\u00e9es afin de r\u00e9duire les risques d\u2019accidents auxquels les populations, et principalement les enfants, sont expos\u00e9s.\n\n\n**ACTEURS DE PROTECTION IMPLIQUES DANS LES ACTIVITES DE LUTTE ANTIMINE**\n\n\n- S\u2019engager dans un dialogue avec les autorit\u00e9s de facto, via la facilitation du GTAH, afin de discuter et mettre en \u0153uvre le\nplus rapidement possible les activit\u00e9s relatives \u00e0 la sensibilisation aux risques de mines, aux marquages des zones pollu\u00e9es\net \u00e0 la d\u00e9pollution des sites.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n_[i https://medialibrary.uantwerpen.be/oldcontent/container2143/files/Publications/Annuaire/2000-2001/07-Havenne.pdf](https://medialibrary.uantwerpen.be/oldcontent/container2143/files/Publications/Annuaire/2000-2001/07-Havenne.pdf)_\n_[ii https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025)_\n_[iii https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025)_\n_iv Donn\u00e9es bas\u00e9es sur les m\u00e9canismes de suivi de la r\u00e9ponse VBG._\n_[v https://www.ebuteli.org/publications/rapports/rapport-la-resurgence-du-m23-rivalites-regionales-politique-des-donateurs-et-blocage-du-processus-de-](https://www.ebuteli.org/publications/rapports/rapport-la-resurgence-du-m23-rivalites-regionales-politique-des-donateurs-et-blocage-du-processus-de-paix)_\n_[paix](https://www.ebuteli.org/publications/rapports/rapport-la-resurgence-du-m23-rivalites-regionales-politique-des-donateurs-et-blocage-du-processus-de-paix)_\n_vi Donn\u00e9es du cluster sant\u00e9, mars 2025_\n_vii PAM RDC Rapport de situation 2025 - #2.pdf_\n_[viii https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2773(2025)](https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2773(2025))_\n_ix https://x.com/France24_fr/status/1902017491670639094_\n_x https://x.com/MofaQatar_FR/status/1902063892769206319_\n_xi https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1662876/politique/en-rdc-quelle-union-nationale-autour-de-felix-tshisekedi/_\n_xii Rapport de situation 2 du 11 f\u00e9vrier 2025 de OCHA RDC sur l\u2019intensification des violences dans les provinces du Nord Kivu et Sud Kivu._\n_xiii Donn\u00e9es du cluster sant\u00e9, mars 2025_\n_[xiv https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/le-grand-invit%C3%A9-afrique/20250331-est-de-la-rdc-plus-de-900-corps-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-enterr%C3%A9s-par-la-](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/le-grand-invit%C3%A9-afrique/20250331-est-de-la-rdc-plus-de-900-corps-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-enterr%C3%A9s-par-la-croix-rouge-et-le-cicr)_\n_[croix-rouge-et-le-cicr](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/le-grand-invit%C3%A9-afrique/20250331-est-de-la-rdc-plus-de-900-corps-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-enterr%C3%A9s-par-la-croix-rouge-et-le-cicr)_\n_xv ACLED, Data Export Tool, accessed 13 February 2025, https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/._\n_xvi Flash update sur la situation de protection sur l\u2019axe Masisi Bweremana \u2013 P\u00e9riode du 16 au 21 janvier 2025, Intersos/HCR_\n_xvii Note d\u2019analyse de protection au Sud Kivu, janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2025, Cluster protection Sud Kivu, 8 mars 2025_\n_[xviii https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-decembre-2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-decembre-2024)_\n_xix 12_DRC_Key_Figures_humanitarian_d\u00e9cembre_2024_fr.pdf_\n_[xx https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025)_\n_[xxi https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/drc-rapid-displacement-analysis-north-kivu-and-south-kivu-3-11-march-2025)_\n_xxii CORE Eastern DRC Situation Dashboard_A4L_20250311.pdf_\n_xxiii Note d\u2019analyse de protection du Sud Kivu, janvier-f\u00e9vrier 2025, Cluster protection Sud Kivu, 8 mars 2025_\n_[xxiv https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-9-eastern-drc-situation-28-march-2025](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/unhcr-southern-africa-regional-external-update-9-eastern-drc-situation-28-march-2025)_\n\n_xxv https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/02/03/actualite/securite/plus-de-160-morts-bilan-de-levasion-massive-la-prison-centrale-de_\n_xxvi Donn\u00e9es du Cluster Sant\u00e9, mars 2025_\n_xxvii Donn\u00e9es issues du 6W du cluster protection au 31 janvier 2025_\n\n\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : **St\u00e8ve Ndikumwenayo** - **[ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)** | **Lorraine de Limelette** \n**[lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5702f298-63ed-4bde-92ab-ea4935619add/pau_crise_m23_mars_2025_v5_final_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_855/raw/doc_855_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_855/raw/doc_855_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b5fe736d9e92178775bbdde6dad18d5d6a3a448..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_855/raw/doc_855_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** **Analyse de Protection**\n### Mise \u00e0 jour sur la situation de protection en RDC : recrudescence de violence, \u00e9pid\u00e9mies et transition.\n\n#### **OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Octobre 2024\n\n#### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nEn juin 2024, la situation humanitaire en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(RDC) a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnue comme l\u2019une des crises les plus n\u00e9glig\u00e9es au monde\npour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 selon le classement fait par NRC. [i] Si la RDC \u00e9tait class\u00e9e\n3 [\u00e8me] cette ann\u00e9e, le pays se situe toujours dans le haut du classement depuis\nde nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Par ailleurs, les conflits \u00e0 l\u2019Est n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de\ns\u2019intensifier depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024 sans qu\u2019une r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire ne soit d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e \u00e0 la hauteur des besoins identifi\u00e9s. De m\u00eame,\nde nombreux autres conflits naissent et s\u2019enracinent dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du\npays par manque de financement et r\u00e9ponse ad\u00e9quats et en raison de la\nconcentration des efforts \u00e0 l\u2019Est du pays. L\u2019engagement politique pour la\nr\u00e9solution du conflit reste limit\u00e9.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9percussions sur les populations affect\u00e9es se refl\u00e8tent au travers des\nnombreux d\u00e9placements internes et d\u2019autres violations et abus de leurs\ndroits, ainsi que sur la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des risques de protection auxquels elles font\nface. Le retrait de la MONUSCO du Sud Kivu, et prochainement du Nord Kivu\net de l\u2019Ituri, ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie r\u00e9cente de Mpox constitue de grands\nfacteurs de pr\u00e9occupations aggravant la protection et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des\npopulations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nLes risques de protection n\u00e9cessitant une attention imm\u00e9diate au cours de la\np\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse sont les suivants :\n\n\n\nAnalyse de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des risques de protection\n\n\nMineur Mod\u00e9r\u00e9 S\u00e9v\u00e8re Critique Catastrophique\n\n\n\n**1.** **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n**2.** **Vol, extorsion, \u00e9viction forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels**\n**3.** **Attaques contre les civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil**\n**4.** **Recrutement et utilisation des enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s**\n**5.** **Enl\u00e8vement, kidnapping, disparition forc\u00e9e, arrestation et/ou d\u00e9tention arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nDes actions urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires afin d\u2019assurer la protection des civils dans le contexte de l\u2019aggravation des conflits et les\nd\u00e9placements massifs :\n\n- Engager toutes les parties au conflit et les diff\u00e9rents acteurs arm\u00e9s pour la cessation imm\u00e9diate des violations et des abus,\nen mettant l'accent sur leurs obligations en vertu du Droit International Humanitaire (DIH) et du Droit International des\nDroits de l\u2019Homme (DIDH), y compris le respect du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et\nassurer leur protection contre les attaques.\n\n- Continuer \u00e0 prioriser le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationales, et s\u2019assurer que cellesci soient pr\u00e9alablement d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es et ad\u00e9quatement \u00e9quip\u00e9es avant la r\u00e9trocession ou la fermeture des bases de la\nMONUSCO, particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones instables o\u00f9 ladite fermeture risque d\u2019\u00eatre imm\u00e9diatement suivie d\u2019attaques\ncontre les civils, y compris contre les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n- Soutenir et accompagner les diff\u00e9rentes initiatives de paix et de dialogue, notamment en assurant la mise en \u0153uvre\neffective des diff\u00e9rents engagements et r\u00e9solutions pris par les parties aux conflits.\n\n- Fournir un financement et un renforcement des capacit\u00e9s plus directs, plus souples et de qualit\u00e9 aux acteurs locaux de la\nprotection et aux groupes impliqu\u00e9s dans la protection communautaire par le biais de m\u00e9canismes bilat\u00e9raux et\nmultilat\u00e9raux. Ces fonds devraient soutenir et permettre aux acteurs locaux d'investir davantage dans l'\u00e9tablissement de\nrelations et le dialogue avec les d\u00e9tenteurs d\u2019obligations/autorit\u00e9s et renforcer la cohabitation pacifique entre les\ncommunaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n#### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n\n**ENFANTS ASSOCIES**\n\n**AUX FORCES ET**\n**GROUPES ARMES** **[iii]**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES**\n\n**DEPLACEES**\n\n\n\n**ATTEINTES A LA**\n**INCIDENTS DE VBG** **[ii]**\n\n\n\n**ATTEINTES A LA**\n\n\n\n**LIBERTE**\n\n\n\n**ATTEINTES A**\n\n**L\u2019INTEGRITE**\n\n\n\n**PROPRIETE**\n\n\n\n**PHYSIQUE**\n\n\n\n**PHYSIQUE** **GROUPES ARMES** **[iii]** **INTERNES**\n## **61 346 13 028 5 864 9 915 4441 6.4 M**\n\n\n\n**JAN-AO\u00dbT 2024** **JAN-AO\u00dbT 2024** **JAN-AO\u00dbT 2024** **JAN-AO\u00dbT 2024** **JAN-AO\u00dbT 2024** **JUILLET 2024**\n\n\nLa RDC est affect\u00e9e par de nombreux conflits prenant\ndes formes multiples et impliquant plus de 260 groupes\narm\u00e9s [iv] et autres acteurs arm\u00e9s (nationaux ou\n\u00e9trangers) pr\u00e9sents sur le territoire. Ces derniers mois,\nl\u2019Est de la RDC et une partie de l\u2019Ouest se sont vus\naffect\u00e9s par une escalade des combats et conflits\nlocaux. Les affrontements arm\u00e9s constituent la\npremi\u00e8re cause de d\u00e9placement de population dans le\npays. Le nombre d\u2019incidents de protection est\n\u00e9galement \u00e9troitement corr\u00e9l\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des\naffrontements arm\u00e9s et des d\u00e9placements de\npopulation (voir carte ci-jointe). Les civils ont subi le\nplus gros des attaques, les combats ciblant souvent les\ncamps informels et les centres urbains et/ou se\nd\u00e9roulant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\nL\u2019ensemble de la RDC est \u00e9galement r\u00e9cemment\ntouch\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Mpox avec 8 Provinces (Sud\nKivu, Bas-Uele, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Sud-Ubangi, NordKivu, Sankuru, Kasa\u00ef) qui repr\u00e9sentent 86% des notifications de cas Mpox et 81% (13/16) des d\u00e9c\u00e8s.\n\n\nAujourd\u2019hui la RDC compte plus de 6,4 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) [v] et 2,4 millions de PDI retourn\u00e9es dont\nenviron 900 000 retourn\u00e9es au courant des 3 derniers mois. Cette tendance s\u2019est aggrav\u00e9e depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024\navec **plus de 940 000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es** entre janvier et avril 2024, la plupart \u00e9tant contraints aux d\u00e9placements multiples [vi] .\n\n\n**INTENSIFICATION INQUIETANTE DES CONFLITS A L\u2019EST DE LA RDC ET ELARGISSEMENT DE LA ZONE**\n**D\u2019OCCUPATION DU M23 COMME FACTEUR MAJEUR DE DESTABILISATION.**\n\n\n**Le conflit au Nord Kivu** impliquant **le mouvement du 23 Mars (M23)** constitue une source d\u2019inqui\u00e9tude pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante\nconcernant la stabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019Est de la RDC, et du pays en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. La r\u00e9surgence du M23 depuis novembre 2021 et ses avanc\u00e9es\nont entrain\u00e9 plusieurs vagues de mouvements de populations comptant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2,4 millions de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de cette\ncrise [vii] . L\u2019intensification du conflit affecte une zone \u00e9largie d\u00e9passant la province du Nord Kivu. Ainsi la province du Sud Kivu\nest \u00e9galement affect\u00e9e par la crise du M23, avec plus r\u00e9cemment l\u2019utilisation d\u2019armes lourdes et bombardements sur l\u2019axe\nMinova-Sake, [viii] et l\u2019afflux de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans le territoire de Kalehe accueillant plus de 80,000 nouveaux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ndepuis avril 2024.\n\n\nCette aggravation de la situation sur **le Sud Kivu** co\u00efncide \u00e9galement avec le retrait effectif de la MONUSCO de la province au\n30 avril, ce qui a entrain\u00e9 une augmentation des risques de protection et une diminution de la capacit\u00e9 logistique d\u2019appui aux\nop\u00e9rations humanitaires. L\u2019espace humanitaire y est ainsi r\u00e9duit tandis qu\u2019une extension des groupes arm\u00e9s est rapport\u00e9e\ndepuis le d\u00e9part de la MONUSCO. Plus de 91 groupes arm\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents au Sud Kivu, dont cinq groupes \u00e9trangers. Le Sud\nKivu fait face \u00e0 une r\u00e9gionalisation du conflit ainsi que des conflits intercommunautaires latents entrainant des incidents de\nprotection r\u00e9currents.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\nEn plus d\u2019\u00eatre surmilitaris\u00e9e, la ville de Goma et le territoire de Nyirangongo sont asphyxi\u00e9s\nen raison du contr\u00f4le des voies d\u2019acc\u00e8s par le groupe M23. La ligne de front reste \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande\nproximit\u00e9 de la ville de Goma et des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s entrainant une forte pr\u00e9sence d\u2019acteurs\narm\u00e9s, ce qui ne permet pas de garantir le caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites formels et\ninformels accueillant presque 600,000 PDIs [ix], ni la protection des personnes lors de leurs\nmouvements pendulaires.\n\n\nPlus r\u00e9cemment, le M23 a op\u00e9r\u00e9 une avanc\u00e9e significative vers le grand Nord Kivu dans le sud\ndu territoire du Lubero (Kanyabayonga, Kayna et Kiruma) ainsi que dans le Masisi (BashaliMukoto) entrainant de nouveaux d\u00e9placements vers le nord. Kanyabayonga en particulier,\nest une ville importante sur le plan strat\u00e9gique car elle ouvre l\u2019acc\u00e8s au M23 vers les\nimportants centres urbains et commerciaux de Lubero, Butembo et B\u00e9ni.\n\n\nPour le gouvernement congolais,\nl\u2019expansion significative de la\nzone d\u2019occupation du M23\n(augmentation de plus de 70% sur\nla derni\u00e8re ann\u00e9e), constitue un\nprobl\u00e8me s\u00e9curitaire majeur. D\u00e8s\nlors, les forces arm\u00e9es de la RDC\n(FARDC) et leurs partenaires alli\u00e9s\nconcentrent leurs interventions sur la crise du M23, ce qui laisse un\nvide s\u00e9curitaire dans **le Grand Nord Kivu** permettant ainsi **aux**\n**Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)** d\u2019intensifier leurs attaques\nnotamment du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Oicha et du Nord-Est de Lubero.\n\n\nPlus au Nord, la province de l **\u2019Ituri** est l\u2019autre zone tr\u00e8s instable et\nconnaissant une situation de protection extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caire \u00e0\ncause des conflits entre diverses communaut\u00e9s et la pr\u00e9sence de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s qui commettent des violences extr\u00eamement graves\ncontre les populations civiles. Les ADF actifs dans le Grand Nord Kivu sont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sents en Ituri, o\u00f9 de graves violences\nsont commises dans le territoire d\u2019Irumu renfor\u00e7ant l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur les axes routiers et dans les zones rurales. Les territoires\nde Mahagi et Mambasa subissent \u00e9galement une recrudescence de la violence, principalement de la part des ADF et des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 affiliations communautaires qui rivalisent pour le contr\u00f4le des ressources fonci\u00e8res et naturelles, avec des\nr\u00e9percussions s\u00e9v\u00e8res pour les populations locales.\n\n\nLe territoire de Djugu plus au nord est \u00e9galement fortement affect\u00e9 par une escalade de violences entre diff\u00e9rentes\ncommunaut\u00e9s, principalement entre les Lendu et Hema, chacune des communaut\u00e9s \u00e9tant appuy\u00e9e par les groupes arm\u00e9s\nCODECO/URDPC et les Za\u00efres respectivement. Les zones de Fataki et Drodro, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes, sont parmi les plus affect\u00e9es avec une menace constante d\u2019attaques ciblant les populations civiles.\n\n\n**INTENSIFICATION DES CONFLITS COMMUNAUTAIRES DANS LES AUTRES ZONES DE TENSION EN RDC**\n\n\nAu-del\u00e0 des conflits et crises susmentionn\u00e9es, certaines autres r\u00e9gions de la RDC font face \u00e0 de nombreux conflits locaux et\nintercommunautaires qui re\u00e7oivent tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019attention m\u00e9diatique. Les populations victimes de ces conflits vivent dans une\ngrande pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, avec une assistance humanitaire extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9e voire inexistante dans certains cas. Ces conflits sont,\npour certains, enracin\u00e9s depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es et connaissent des cycles de violence intermittents. Pour d\u2019autres, ces conflits\nsont relativement \u00e9mergents.\n\n\n- **Crise du Kwamouth** : Cette crise est n\u00e9e il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 deux ans au niveau du territoire de Kwamouth dans la province du **Mai-**\n**Ndombe** . Aujourd\u2019hui, ce conflit s\u2019est largement \u00e9tendu dans les zones alentours via d\u2019importants mouvements de\npopulations dans les provinces du **Kwilu, Kwango et les zones rurales de Kinshasa** suscitant des besoins humanitaires\nimportants. Si la crise est n\u00e9e autour de conflit foncier et communautaire entre les communaut\u00e9s Yaka et Teke, depuis\n2024, le conflit a pris des formes multiples et notamment celle du banditisme arm\u00e9. C\u2019est le cas notamment dans le\nKwango o\u00f9 la milice Mobondo, qui, \u00e0 l\u2019origine \u00e9tait d\u2019ob\u00e9dience Yaka et s\u2019attaquait principalement aux populations Teke,\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\na depuis pris de l\u2019ampleur et commet des violations notamment les extorsions contre les civils y compris les membres de\nleur propre communaut\u00e9. [x] Depuis 2023, le gouvernement a tent\u00e9 de s\u00e9curiser la zone par le d\u00e9ploiement des FARDC sur\nles axes routiers et fluviaux. Les FARDC ont permis, dans une certaine mesure, de s\u00e9curiser la zone et de favoriser certains\nretours mais leurs op\u00e9rations et affrontements avec les Mobondo ont \u00e9galement entrain\u00e9 des abus et violations des droits\nhumains envers des populations civiles et a accentu\u00e9 le clivage interethnique.\n\n\n- **Province Tanganyika** : Le nord de la province du Tanganyika reste un hub humanitaire important avec des zones de\ntensions intercommunautaires qui persistent depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. La province connait des p\u00e9riodes d\u2019accalmies\net de regains de violence aliment\u00e9es par l\u2019activisme de plusieurs groupes arm\u00e9s en provenance du Maniema et Sud Kivu\nvoisins qui se battent pour l\u2019exploitation des ressources mini\u00e8res. Depuis septembre 2022, des mouvements de retour\ndes populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont commenc\u00e9 au Nord-ouest de Kalemie et au Nord de Nyunzu, gr\u00e2ce aux implications et\nautres sensibilisations \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des hommes arm\u00e9s pour adh\u00e9rer au processus de reddition. Pour le moment, 80% des\npersonnes qui avaient fui l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, au Nord de Nyunzu sont rentr\u00e9es dans leurs villages respectifs entre septembre\n2022 et f\u00e9vrier 2024. Outre le mouvement de retour, le Tanganyika fait aussi face \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique de d\u00e9placement\ndans le territoire de Kongolo et au nord de Kalemie notamment \u00e0 cause de l\u2019activisme des milices Mai-Mai Malaika en\nprovenance du territoire de Kabambare et Kasongo au Maniema [xi] . L\u2019on note au sud de Kalemie, une recrudescence des\nattaques contre des villages Bantous et les positions de FARDC par les milices Fimbo na Fimbo, principalement compos\u00e9es\ndes Twa (Pygm\u00e9es).\n\n\n- **Province de la Tshopo :** Depuis f\u00e9vrier 2023, la province de la Tshopo, est expos\u00e9e \u00e0 des violences intercommunautaires\nentre les Mbole et Lengola, dues \u00e0 un conflit foncier, qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait plus de 700 morts [xii] et entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de plus\nde 90 000 personnes provenant des zones de sant\u00e9 de Lubunga, Ubunga et Yaleko. Environ 25% d\u2019entre elles sont\nh\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans des sites de la ville de Kisangani (Konga Konga, Saint Gabriel et Sainte Marthe), alors que 75% sont dans\ndes familles d\u2019accueil. Depuis le d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e 2024, 43 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et plus de 20 autres bless\u00e9es lors de\ndivers incidents, provoquant de nouveaux d\u00e9placements de populations. Les graves inondations qui ont eu lieu en 2023\net 2024 dans la zone en raison du d\u00e9bordement du fleuve Congo et ses affluents viennent aggraver la situation\nhumanitaire de la zone et augmenter les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s parmi la population.\n\n- **Les provinces du Kasai (Kasai, Kasai Central et Kasai Orientale) :** Les trois provinces ont connu une augmentation des\nincidents de protection entre 2022 et 2024 en raison des actes de criminalit\u00e9 et la persistance des conflits en lien avec le\npouvoir coutumier et des conflits fonciers. A cela s\u2019ajoutent des ing\u00e9rences politiques et la comp\u00e9tition pour le contr\u00f4le\ndes ressources mini\u00e8res. Au cours de ces conflits, de nombreuses maisons sont incendi\u00e9es, des morts et bless\u00e9s sont\nenregistr\u00e9s et des milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Le monitoring de protection du HCR et ses partenaires a rapport\u00e9,\nentre janvier et ao\u00fbt 2024, que plus de 62% des conflits fonciers concernent les conflits des limites et plus de 19% des\nconflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation des for\u00eats dans les trois provinces. Un conflit intercommunautaire entre le Basonge Bambale\n(originaires du Sankuru) et le Bena Kasasa (originaires du Kasa\u00ef central) est n\u00e9 en avril 2024 et n\u2019a pas encore trouv\u00e9 une\nsolution durable. Dans le Kasai oriental, le territoire de Kabeya Kamuanga fait face \u00e0 un conflit foncier entre les habitants\ndu groupement de Mulowayi et ceux de Bena Mayi (dans le territoire de Dimbelenge) autour de l\u2019appartenance du lac\nNfwa.\n\n\n**AUGMENTATION ALARMANTE DU TRAVAIL FORCE ET DES PRATIQUES ANALOGUES, ET DE LA DETRESSE MENTALE**\n**PARMI LA POPULATION AFFECTEE PAR LES CONFLITS**\n\n\n\nL\u2019intensification des conflits et les d\u00e9placements multiples que vivent les familles\nlaissent des traumas importants au sein des communaut\u00e9s [xiii] . Le niveau de violence est\nextr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans plusieurs zones de conflits. Les conflits juxtapos\u00e9s au\nprobl\u00e8me de malnutrition ont un grand impact sur les enfants, du fait qu\u2019ils peuvent\nentrainer des troubles cognitifs et un retard de d\u00e9veloppement. Les capacit\u00e9s\nop\u00e9rationnelles et techniques des services \u00e9tatiques et des acteurs humanitaires pour\nadresser le probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 mentale et les risques connexes restent un des principaux\nd\u00e9fis. L\u2019ampleur de ce probl\u00e8me est m\u00eame difficile \u00e0 circonscrire en termes d\u2019\u00e9tendue\net de cons\u00e9quences, notamment par l\u2019absence des donn\u00e9es quantitatives et\nqualitatives, \u00e0 la suite de ces limites techniques. A titre d\u2019illustration, les communaut\u00e9s\naffect\u00e9es par la crise du Kwamouth ont \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es par cette d\u00e9tresse\n\n\n\nAnalyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque d\u2019abus\npsychologique /\u00e9motionnel ou d\u00e9tresse inflig\u00e9e\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\nmentale. Les atrocit\u00e9s v\u00e9cues ou vues lors des diff\u00e9rentes attaques, pendant leurs diff\u00e9rentes phases de d\u00e9placement et les\nconditions de vie actuelle entrainent des traumatismes psychologiques importants. La d\u00e9tresse mentale y est d\u2019autant plus\nimportante que la population n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9e auparavant \u00e0 des atrocit\u00e9s d\u2019une telle ampleur. Les communaut\u00e9s ne\ndisposaient donc pas de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ces chocs permettant d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les effets de la crise. Les conflits ont\n\u00e9galement aggrav\u00e9 le niveau de malnutrition [xiv] d\u00e9j\u00e0 alarmant auparavant.\n\n\nAnalyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque de traite des \u00eatres Les effets combin\u00e9s de l'augmentation du conflit et de la pauvret\u00e9 entra\u00eenent en\nhumains, travail forc\u00e9 ou pratiques analogues \u00e0 outre des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de travail forc\u00e9 et des pratiques analogues qui sont tr\u00e8s\nl\u2019esclavage r\u00e9pandues en RDC mais faiblement document\u00e9es. Les formes les plus fr\u00e9quentes sont\n\nle travail forc\u00e9, le travail des enfants, la mendicit\u00e9 forc\u00e9e, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle \u00e0 des\nfins commerciales, le mariage forc\u00e9, et le recrutement forc\u00e9 dans les forces\ncombattantes. Dans les provinces de l\u2019Est de la RDC particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9es par\nune intensification des conflits et l\u2019utilisation accrue des armes, les combats forc\u00e9s et\nnotamment le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation des enfants dans les forces et groupes\narm\u00e9s constituent l\u2019une des formes les plus pr\u00e9sentes de traite des \u00eatres humains. Le\ntravail forc\u00e9, tant des adultes que des enfants, est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s courant et ce\nnotamment dans les exploitations mini\u00e8res \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019origine des conflits.\nCertaines formes de traites des \u00eatres humains, telles que la servitude domestique, le\ntravail des enfants, la mendicit\u00e9 forc\u00e9e, et le mariage forc\u00e9 sont extr\u00eamement\nr\u00e9pandues et se retrouvent dans l\u2019ensemble des provinces de la RDC, le mariage forc\u00e9\n\u00e9tant plus fr\u00e9quent en milieu rural qu\u2019urbain.\n\n\nL\u2019exacerbation de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 en raison des conflits, les conditions de vie extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caires des familles ainsi que le\nmanque d\u2019appropriation par le personnel judiciaire de la Convention de Palerme, qui permet de rendre justice aux victimes de\ntraite, sont autant de facteurs qui contribuent \u00e0 accroitre ce risque. Les membres de la famille peuvent eux-m\u00eames \u00eatre \u00e0\nl\u2019origine de la traite en raison des conditions \u00e9conomiques extr\u00eamement basses. La traite des personnes en RDC est mal\ndocument\u00e9e et peu connue, ce qui permet de nombreuses violations et abus en raison d\u2019un manque de sensibilisation et de\nformation des autorit\u00e9s et des organisations. [xv]\n\n\n**ENGAGEMENTS POLITIQUES LIMITES EN VUE DE LA RESOLUTION DES CONFLITS EN RDC**\n\n\nLa Mission des Nations Unies pour le maintien de la paix en RDC, la MONUSCO, s'est retir\u00e9e du Sud-Kivu en avril dernier et\npr\u00e9voit de se retirer prochainement de deux autres provinces. Ce retrait modifie l'environnement de protection, les\ncommunaut\u00e9s perdant ainsi une forme de protection physique directe qui \u00e9tait parfois fournie et/ou facilit\u00e9e par la Mission.\nLa protection des civils est une priorit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique et une composante essentielle du mandat de la MONUSCO. Apr\u00e8s des\nd\u00e9cennies de pr\u00e9sence, la Mission a mis en place des m\u00e9canismes de protection des civils, renforc\u00e9 le lien avec les\ncommunaut\u00e9s et l\u2019administration locale pour favoriser leur propre protection. Cela a fait de la MONUSCO un acteur central,\nnotamment dans la protection \u00e0 base communautaire. Son retrait suscite des pr\u00e9occupations parmi les populations et les\nacteurs humanitaires quant \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 du gouvernement \u00e0 assurer une rel\u00e8ve efficace et durable. Par ailleurs, les initiatives\npolitiques en faveur de la r\u00e9solution des multiples conflits en RDC demeurent modestes et produisent des r\u00e9sultats assez\nlimit\u00e9s.\n\n\n[En juin 2024, le Groupe d\u2019experts des Nations Unies sur la RDC a sorti son rapport semestriel](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rapport-final-du-groupe-dexperts-sur-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-s2024432) reconnaissant des liens \u00e9troits\nentre certains groupes arm\u00e9s et des forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res, confirmant une dimension r\u00e9gionale bien reconnue aux probl\u00e9matiques\ninternes de la RDC. Les tensions actuelles entre le Rwanda et le Burundi se refl\u00e8tent \u00e9galement en RDC dans leur appui r\u00e9el ou\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9 \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents groupes bellig\u00e9rants op\u00e9rant au Sud Kivu et fragilisant encore la situation de la province.\n\n\nLa RDC elle-m\u00eame a fait appel \u00e0 plusieurs m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9gionaux pour d\u00e9fendre son territoire avec un appui militaire. Ainsi la\nzone de l\u2019Est de la RDC est extr\u00eamement militaris\u00e9e comprenant plusieurs forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res, nationales, priv\u00e9es, \u00e9tatiques, et\ninformelles. Cette sur-militarisation de la zone pr\u00e9sente de nombreux risques de protection pour la population civile.\n\n\nLors de la r\u00e9union du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies sur la RDC en juillet 2024, le r\u00f4le et l\u2019appui potentiel \u00e0 apporter \u00e0\nla Southern African Development Community (SADC) Mission in the DRC (SAMI RDC) par la MONUSCO ont \u00e9t\u00e9 longuement\ndiscut\u00e9s et a abouti \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 2746 (2024) approuvant ledit appui. Le processus de Nairobi ne semble pas \u00e9voluer, ce qui\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\nlaisse uniquement la place au processus de Luanda en vue de la r\u00e9solution du conflit entre le gouvernement de la RDC et le\nM23.\n\n\nEn juillet dernier, une **tr\u00eave humanitaire** a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclue entre les parties au conflit avec le M23, suivie **d\u2019un cessez-le-feu** en\naout 2024. Cependant, cette tr\u00eave n\u2019a pas permis d\u2019emp\u00eacher les violences et abus contre les civils, bien que l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des\naffrontements arm\u00e9s entre le M23 et les FARDC ait diminu\u00e9.\n\n\nDes initiatives internes de r\u00e9solutions de conflits ont \u00e9galement eu lieu relativement \u00e0 plusieurs conflits intercommunautaires :\n\n\n - **Accord de paix Mai-Ndombe** : Un acte d\u2019engagement pour la paix et la stabilit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 par des repr\u00e9sentants\nTeke et Yaka le 6 avril 2024 sous l\u2019\u00e9gide du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique \u00e0 la cit\u00e9 de l\u2019Union Africaine. Cette \u00e9volution\navait alors donn\u00e9 un signal positif et un signe d\u2019espoir bien que cet acte d\u2019engagement n\u2019ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment\ninclusif, vulgaris\u00e9 ni mis en \u0153uvre. Les tensions et violences ont persist\u00e9 dans les localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par la crise.\n\n - **Dialogue intercommunautaire en Ituri :** A la suite de plusieurs accords ant\u00e9rieurs non suivis d\u2019effets, un nouvel acte\nd\u2019engagement pour un dialogue intercommunautaire en vue d\u2019une paix durable dans la province a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 le 19\navril 2024 par les principaux groupes arm\u00e9s lors d\u2019une assise tenue par l\u2019ex-Vice Premier Ministre et Ministre de la\nD\u00e9fense dans la ville de Bunia.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n#### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION** RISQUE 1 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n\nAnalyse de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque VBG\n\n\n\nLa situation de la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG) demeure alarmante dans\nl'ensemble du pays et particuli\u00e8rement dans l'Est de la RDC. La recrudescence des\ncas de VBG et leurs liens intrins\u00e8ques avec les autres secteurs de l'assistance\nhumanitaire (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, CCCM, WASH, Education, NFI etc.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au\ncentre de la d\u00e9claration du scale-up dans trois provinces de juin \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2023 et\nde l\u2019appel urgent du 13 juillet 2023, de vingt-quatre entit\u00e9s des Nations Unies pour\nune action imm\u00e9diate pour prot\u00e9ger les femmes et les filles contre la violence\nsexuelle dans et autour des sites des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en RDC.\n\n\n\nCependant, les femmes et les filles dans l'Est de la RDC continuent d'\u00eatre expos\u00e9es\n\u00e0 des taux alarmants de VBG en raison de la pr\u00e9sence de multiples acteurs arm\u00e9s,\nde l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019assistance humanitaire et des services sociaux de base et de\nconditions de vie difficiles dans les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et dans les familles d\u2019accueil,\ntout cela dans un contexte d\u2019impunit\u00e9 quasi-g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9. Au-del\u00e0 des provinces en\nconflits, les catastrophes naturelles incluant les pluies diluviennes et inondations\nnotamment au Tanganyika sont autant de facteurs qui augmentent \u00e9galement les besoins des populations vuln\u00e9rables ainsi\nque les risques de VBG.\n\n\nAu cours du premier semestre 2024 (janvier \u00e0 juin), 61 346 survivants de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us dans les\nservices de prise en charge holistique en fonction de leurs besoins. Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ces cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans les\nprovinces de l'Est, qui sont touch\u00e9es par des conflits et des catastrophes naturelles. Parmi eux, 89% \u00e9taient des femmes et des\nfilles et 11% des hommes. Il faut noter que 40 % concernent des enfants (0-18 ans), 58% des adultes (18-59 ans) et 2% des\npersonnes \u00e2g\u00e9es (59 ans +) [xvi] .\n\n\nSelon le rapport MARA au second trimestre 2024, le pourcentage de filles touch\u00e9es par les violences sexuelles li\u00e9s aux conflits\n(VSLC) a augment\u00e9 ; repr\u00e9sentant 39% des cas de VSLC contre 28% au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. En outre, 7% des cas document\u00e9s\nconcernent des gar\u00e7ons (6%) et des hommes (1%). Par ailleurs la province du Nord-Kivu a enregistr\u00e9 le plus grand nombre de\ncas de violences sexuelles contre les enfants v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s (56%, plus de 30 cas), suivi de l\u2019Ituri (39%, plus de 20 cas) et du Sud-Kivu\n(5%). [xvii]\n\n\nMalheureusement, ces donn\u00e9es ne repr\u00e9sentent que la partie \u00e9merg\u00e9e de l'iceberg, car de nombreuses victimes n'acc\u00e8dent\npas aux services de prise en charge pour de multiples raisons (crainte des repr\u00e9sailles, manque de structures de soins de\nproximit\u00e9 dans certaines zones, peur de la stigmatisation communautaire, faiblesse des services d\u2019accompagnement\njudiciaires ainsi que l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs de VBG).\n\n\nAu-del\u00e0 des facteurs aggravants de risque de VBG li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019aide humanitaire notamment en mati\u00e8re\nd\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, l\u2019inexistence de m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique durable ainsi que le contexte de\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 aigue contraignent les femmes et les filles \u00e0 adopter des strat\u00e9gies de survie n\u00e9gatives notamment le sexe de\nsurvie, le mariage pr\u00e9coce et/ou forc\u00e9, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle des mineurs dans les maisons de tol\u00e9rance (bordels). On note\nainsi la prolif\u00e9ration des maisons de tol\u00e9rance dans les zones abritant les PDIs, car ces bordels sont per\u00e7us comme une activit\u00e9\ncommerciale lucrative. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 en 2023 qu\u2019il y avait environ 1,063 maisons de tol\u00e9rance dans la province du Nord\nKivu [xviii] . Ces m\u00e9canismes de survie amplifient \u00e0 leur tour l\u2019exposition de ces femmes et filles \u00e0 plusieurs types de VBG\nnotamment le viol, les violences sexuelles, les violences physiques et psychologiques ainsi que les d\u00e9nis de ressources et\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n#### RISQUE 2 Vol, extorsion, \u00e9viction forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 ao\u00fbt2024, le monitoring de protection du HCR et ses partenaires [xix] a rapport\u00e9 de nombreuses violations et/ou\nabus du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (13,152 incidents recens\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentant 36 des diff\u00e9rents\ntypes d\u2019incidents). Ces 13,152 incidents incluent l'extorsion de biens (6,754 incidents), Analyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque de vol, extorsion,\n\n\u00e9viction forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\nle pillage (3,591 incidents), l\u2019imposition de taxes ill\u00e9gales (2,368 incidents), les\nd\u00e9guerpissements forc\u00e9s (231 incidents), l\u2019occupation ill\u00e9gale et les spoliations des\nterres (121 incidents) et la destruction de biens via des incendies (22 incendies). Ces\nchiffres illustrent les graves d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par les conflits et la violence dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\nLes violations et abus du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 majoritairement commis par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques (autorit\u00e9s locales, ANR, PNC, FARDC etc), ces\nderni\u00e8res \u00e9tant reconnues comme responsables de 38% des violations relatives aux\ndroits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et les FARDC auteurs de plus de 50% d\u2019entre elles.\n\n\nAlors qu\u2019au Sud Kivu, la MONUSCO transf\u00e8re les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alertes pr\u00e9coces mis en\nplace au niveau communautaire aux autorit\u00e9s provinciales, la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire exprime un manque de confiance dans ce syst\u00e8me au vu de la proportion\nde violations rapport\u00e9es comme ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 commises par les autorit\u00e9s elles-m\u00eames.\nCelle-ci souligne l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 pouvoir s\u2019appuyer sur les autorit\u00e9s pour obtenir une protection et insiste sur\nla n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019auto-protection. Cela passe notamment par un renforcement de leur connaissance en\nDIH et DIDH, \u2019am\u00e9lioration de leur collaboration, ainsi que par le d\u00e9veloppement de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter et n\u00e9gocier\ndirectement avec les autorit\u00e9s et les groupes arm\u00e9s pour favoriser leur participation et renforcer la redevabilit\u00e9. Si ce besoin\nest particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9sent au Sud Kivu o\u00f9 le retrait de la MONUSCO est d\u00e9j\u00e0 effectif, ceci doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre pris en\nconsid\u00e9ration d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui pour le d\u00e9sengagement de la Mission des provinces du Nord Kivu et de l\u2019Ituri.\n\n\nDans les zones de d\u00e9placement, les PDIs, ont du mal \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux terres pour le logement et l\u2019agriculture. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re difficile\nde trouver des espaces pour \u00e9riger et/ou agrandir les sites des PDIs. L\u2019insuffisance des terres cultivables due \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence et\naux mouvements d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les champs, ainsi que la m\u00e9fiance des populations h\u00f4tes, limite les possibilit\u00e9s des\nPDI de d\u00e9velopper leurs moyens de subsistance dans un contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019aide humanitaire reste insuffisante.\n\n\nDans les zones de retour, des cas d\u2019occupations secondaires sont enregistr\u00e9s et la difficult\u00e9 de restitutions des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\nappartenant aux PDIs repr\u00e9sente un probl\u00e8me r\u00e9current en l\u2019absence d\u2019une administration territoriale et judiciaire effectives.\nLes PDIs \u00e9prouvent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 rentrer dans leurs zones de provenance suite \u00e0 destruction des leurs logements, des\nchamps, des services sociaux de base ainsi que du pillage de leurs biens.\n\n\n\nAu cours du premier semestre de 2024, une intensification notable de la violence\nenvers les civils a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e, notamment \u00e0 l\u2019Est du Pays (Ituri, Nord Kivu, Sud Kivu)\nmais aussi dans le cadre du conflit \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest (Mai-Ndombe, Kwilu, Kwango et Kinshasa\n-Maluku).\n\n\nCette escalade a entra\u00een\u00e9 de s\u00e9v\u00e8res atteintes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique des civils, avec\n**31,490** incidents enregistr\u00e9s en 2023 et **environ 9,915** incidents enregistr\u00e9s de janvier\n\u00e0 aout 2024 par le monitoring de protection. La nature des violences se r\u00e9partit entre\n80% de coups et blessures, 14% d\u2019homicides, et 6% de tortures ou autres traitements\ncruels et d\u00e9gradants. Certains incidents particuli\u00e8rement barbares, comme l'attaque de\nKatoto en f\u00e9vrier 2024 (Djugu/Ituri) o\u00f9 15 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9s vivants, mettent en\nlumi\u00e8re la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et l'\u00e9tendue de ces violences.\n\n\n\nAnalyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque d\u2019attaques contre des\ncivils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre les\nbiens de caract\u00e8re civil\n\n\n\nEn plus de s\u2019attaquer aux populations et \u00e0 leurs biens y compris des agglom\u00e9rations\nhabit\u00e9es par des civils, des attaques ont aussi vis\u00e9 des infrastructures sociales et\n\u00e9conomiques, y compris des \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9, des \u00e9coles et des unit\u00e9s de\nproduction \u00e9conomique (march\u00e9s, champs agricoles, lieux de p\u00e2turage, d\u2019\u00e9levage du\nb\u00e9tail et des poissons, etc.). Ces destructions limitent notamment l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations \u00e0 leurs droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux\net culturels, et aux enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation ou \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, mais constituent aussi une violation de la r\u00e9solution 1612 du Conseil de\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies. La destruction des unit\u00e9s de production a un impact n\u00e9gatif sur les conditions de vie des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\ninternes et des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, ne leur permettant pas de reprendre rapidement leurs activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et ainsi\nacc\u00e9der \u00e0 un niveau de vie suffisant.\n\n\n**MULTIPLES VIOLATIONS DU CARACTERE CIVIL ET HUMANITAIRE DES SITES DE PDI**\n\n\nLes sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es constituent un point d\u2019attention particuli\u00e8re. Entre juin 2023 et juin 2024, au moins 23\nattaques contre des sites de PDI ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es. Ces attaques ont fait au moins 66 morts et 48 bless\u00e9s. Vingt de ces\nattaques sont survenues dans la province du Nord-Kivu, deux attaques ont eu lieu dans la province de l\u2019Ituri et une autre dans\nla province du Sud-Kivu. Alors qu\u2019ils ont pour objectif d\u2019abriter des personnes civiles qui ont fui l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux conflits et\nde faciliter leur assistance, ceux-ci font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement l\u2019objet d\u2019attaques cibl\u00e9es. S\u2019il est essentiel d\u2019emp\u00eacher les combattants\nd\u2019y acc\u00e9der d\u2019une mani\u00e8re incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e pour garantir la protection des PDIs et leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assistance, la d\u00e9gradation de la\nsituation actuelle a conduit \u00e0 de multiples violations du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites.\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, la dynamique du conflit au Nord Kivu a engendr\u00e9 une situation o\u00f9 les violations du caract\u00e8re\ncivil et humanitaire des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes deviennent quasi permanentes. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9, depuis plusieurs mois, une\npr\u00e9sence quotidienne - jour et nuit - d'acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les sites des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes autour de Goma, au point qu\u2019il est\ndevenu tr\u00e8s difficile aux acteurs des Clusters \u00ab Camp Coordination & Camp Management \u00bb (CCCM) et de protection de\ndocumenter tous les incidents li\u00e9s \u00e0 ces incursions et autres violations du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites.\n\n\nLe bombardement des sites de Mugunga/Goma du 3 mai 2024, qui fait suite \u00e0 d\u2019autres attaques similaires dans la zone de\nSake en f\u00e9vrier-mars, constitue l\u2019une des atteintes les plus graves du droit international humanitaire dans le contexte actuel.\nDe m\u00eame, le d\u00e9placement de la ligne de front et de la zone d\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires dans les vicinit\u00e9s des sites de PDIs situ\u00e9s\nautour de Goma et ses environs, la pr\u00e9sence des positions et des artilleries militaires \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, font de certains sites, des\ncibles potentielles, directes ou indirectes, et exposent les PDI \u00e0 toutes sortes de violations y compris l\u2019utilisation comme\nboucliers humains. Le rapprochement de la ligne de front a \u00e9galement eu pour effet d\u2019accroitre la pr\u00e9sence des combattants\ndans les sites, y compris leur utilisation pour le repos, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement et/ou l\u2019obtention de ressources. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts du\ngouvernement, cette pr\u00e9sence demeure une menace s\u00e9rieuse pour la protection des PDIs, les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil et les\ntravailleurs humanitaires. Elle est en grande partie \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019augmentation substantielle des incidents de protection\nobserv\u00e9e depuis f\u00e9vrier 2024.\n\n\nEn Ituri, les attaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es risquent d\u2019augmenter significativement si la force de la MONUSCO se retire\net laisse un vide s\u00e9curitaire. La MONUSCO repr\u00e9sente encore, \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle, un frein aux attaques d\u00e9j\u00e0 trop nombreuses.\nLes capacit\u00e9s des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 congolaises \u00e0 maintenir l'ordre apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part de la MONUSCO sont s\u00e9rieusement\nquestionn\u00e9es, y compris par les autorit\u00e9s militaires provinciales. Les d\u00e9fis incluent un manque de ressources logistiques et\nhumaines, des arri\u00e9r\u00e9s de salaires prolong\u00e9s pour les troupes, ainsi qu'une forte incidence de violations des droits de l\u2019homme\nattribu\u00e9es aux FARDC, qui sont la deuxi\u00e8me source de violations dans la province.\n\n\nEn plus des attaques arm\u00e9es contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, beaucoup d\u2019autres violations du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des\nsites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es par les acteurs de protection. Il s\u2019agit notamment de cas d\u2019incursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les\nsites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des op\u00e9rations irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res de fouille, de perquisitions, d\u2019arrestations arbitraires, des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et\ndisparitions forc\u00e9es des PDI et de la pr\u00e9sence de caches d\u2019armes dans les sites.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Recrutement forc\u00e9 et association d'enfants dans les forces et groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\n\nLes enfants restent la cat\u00e9gorie de personnes la plus affect\u00e9e par les conflits en\nraison de leur exposition et des risques de protection face \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de forces\net groupes arm\u00e9s dans le pays. Les territoires de Rutshuru et du Masisi au Nord Kivu\net de territoires de Kalehe et de Walungu au Sud-Kivu sont particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s\npar cette probl\u00e9matique. De nombreuses cellules de recrutements ont vu le jour au\ncours des derniers mois notamment en territoire de Masisi, engendrant ainsi un\nnombre important de cas de recrutement d\u2019enfants. Dans ce contexte difficile, les\nacteurs de protection de l\u2019enfant intensifient les s\u00e9ances de pr\u00e9vention et de\nsensibilisation aux risques de protection dans les conflits arm\u00e9s - y inclus le\nrecrutement, et fournissent des services de r\u00e9ponses imm\u00e9diates pour faire face \u00e0\nl\u2019urgence des besoins.\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, il y a eu une augmentation continue des violations graves\ndes droits de l\u2019enfant, avec le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants par les parties au\n\n\n\nAnalyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque de recrutement forc\u00e9 et\nassociation d\u2019enfants dans les forces et groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\nconflit comme premi\u00e8re violation grave. Cela \u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 court, moyen et long terme sur la protection et le\nd\u00e9veloppement des enfants. Le Sud-Kivu reste la premi\u00e8re province en termes de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants (47%,\nplus de 420 cas), suivi de l\u2019Ituri (39%, plus de 350 cas) et du Nord-Kivu (14%, plus de 120 cas) au cours du deuxi\u00e8me trimestre\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n\nD\u2019autres provinces notamment \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest du pays sont \u00e9galement affect\u00e9es par ce risque. Il est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement rapport\u00e9 que le\ngroupe des Mobondo recrute parmi les enfants. Les gar\u00e7ons sont recrut\u00e9s pour servir de combattants tandis que les filles sont\nprises pour servir notamment d\u2019esclaves sexuelles. La grande difficult\u00e9 dans les provinces de l\u2019Ouest est l\u2019absence d\u2019acteurs\nde protection travaillant sur cette th\u00e9matique mais \u00e9galement la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019entrer en contact avec la chaine de\ncommandement des Mobondo pour travailler sur la d\u00e9mobilisation de ces enfants.\n\n\n\nLes violations et abus du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 constituent 17% de l\u2019ensemble des\nviolations enregistr\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection HCR et ses partenaires\n(5,874 incidents). Parmi ces cas de violations et abus du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, les\narrestations arbitraires et cas de d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale repr\u00e9sentent 45% des violations\ndu droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (2,645 incidents), les enl\u00e8vements ou disparitions forc\u00e9es 28%\n(1,657 incidents) et les travaux forc\u00e9s 21% (1,249 incidents).\n\n\nLes groupes arm\u00e9s constituent le premiers groupes d\u2019auteurs de ces violations et\nabus de droits. Parmi eux, les CODECO, Mai-Mai et Za\u00efre repr\u00e9sentent les principaux\nauteurs. Les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques (FARDC, PNC, ANR etc) sont \u00e9galement responsables\nde 40% de ces violations et abus de droits.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, les cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants constituent une pr\u00e9occupation majeure\nen Ituri pour le CP AOR. En effet, le nombre de cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement dont sont victimes\nles enfants en Ituri a doubl\u00e9 lors du 2 [\u00e8me] trimestre avec comme auteurs principaux\nles ADF [xx] .\n\n\n\nAnalyse de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement,\nkidnapping, disparition forc\u00e9e, arrestation et/ou\nd\u00e9tention arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n#### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nEn 2024, **302 partenaires** de protection ont rapport\u00e9 avoir r\u00e9pondu aux\nbesoins de protection d\u2019environ 48% des personnes cibl\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle\nnationale, soit 1.6 million de personnes sur les 3.3 millions de personnes\ncibl\u00e9es en protection dans le pays. Parmi les **1.6 million de personnes**\n**atteintes 17% d\u2019hommes, 19% de femmes, 59% d\u2019enfants, 3% de personnes**\n**avec handicap, 5% de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assist\u00e9s** **[xxi]** **.**\n\n\nLes services de r\u00e9ponses offerts \u00e9taient la pr\u00e9vention, r\u00e9ponse et prise en\ncharge VBG, la r\u00e9unification familiale, l\u2019assistance psychosociale, le\nmonitoring de protection. De janvier \u00e0 juin 2024, sur les 61 436 cas VBG, 55\n500 survivantes de VBG ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une prise en charge m\u00e9dicale dont\n62.5% sont arriv\u00e9es aux structures m\u00e9dicales end\u00e9ans 72 heures. Bien que\ndes activit\u00e9s de cohabitation pacifique, coh\u00e9sion sociale et renforcement la\nprotection \u00e0 base communautaire aient eu lieu, celles-ci restent clairement\ninsuffisantes face aux besoins.\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires atteints par zones de sant\u00e9\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS AFFECTANT L\u2019ACCES HUMANITAIRE**\n\n**170**\n\n\n\nContamination globale actuelle (#30 champs de mines\n\"ouverts\" et #278 Spot task (ERW-Points rouges))\nseptembre 2024.\n\n\nSource : UNMAS\n\n\n\nDans les zones en conflit, l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire constitue un d\u00e9fi majeur\ndans la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019assistance aux populations. L\u2019incident du 30\njuin 2024 impliquant la mort de deux personnels de l\u2019organisation\nTearfund est le reflet de la d\u00e9gradation de la situation dans plusieurs\nlocalit\u00e9s [xxii] . Selon l\u2019INSO, au premier trimestre 2024, il y a eu une\naugmentation des incidents s\u00e9curitaires de pr\u00e8s de 35% aupr\u00e8s des ONG.\nPlus de 170 incidents s\u00e9curitaires (dont 4 morts et 20 bless\u00e9s parmi les\nhumanitaires) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024.\nL\u2019utilisation accrue des armes lourdes dans les conflits entraine des\nrisques suppl\u00e9mentaires et une limitation accrue des mouvements du\npersonnel humanitaire. Ceci a des r\u00e9percussions directes sur leur\ncapacit\u00e9 d\u2019intervention et leur pr\u00e9sence effective sur le terrain.\n\n\nLes contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s physique constituent une deuxi\u00e8me entrave \u00e0\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement remarquable dans le Sud\nKivu (notamment depuis le retrait de la MONUSCO), mais \u00e9galement\ndans la Tshopo et le Mai Ndombe.\n\n\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nFin du 1 [er] semestre 2024, le nombre de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires atteints est \u00e0\nmoins de 50% de la cible. Certains secteurs de la protection et zones\ng\u00e9ographiques sont particuli\u00e8rement concern\u00e9s par de faibles\nr\u00e9sultats en raison du manque de financement et/ou de pr\u00e9sence\nop\u00e9rationnelle d\u2019acteurs de protection. A ce jour, environ 30% du\nvolet protection du HRP est financ\u00e9 (selon FTS).\n\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n#### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse, une action urgente est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9duire les risques importants\nd\u2019augmentation des abus et de l\u2019exploitation en lien avec le contexte actuel de la RDC. Le Cluster Protection et ses partenaires\nconsid\u00e8rent que les actions \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es ci-dessous sont essentielles.\n\n#### RISQUE 1 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- Renforcer la lutte contre l'impunit\u00e9 notamment pour les VSLC, l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice et l'efficacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes de\nprotection et de r\u00e9paration, notamment \u00e0 travers le FONAREV.\n\n- Intensifier la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse VBG en renfor\u00e7ant les Centres Int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de Services\nMultisectoriels (CISM) et les synergies avec les acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement et des droits humains\n\n- Garantir la redevabilit\u00e9 des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 envers les communaut\u00e9s et la lutte contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9 pour les actes de\nVSLC conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019Addendum au communiqu\u00e9 conjoint et le droit international applicable.\n\n- Garantir la protection des victimes de VBG et des sources en contact avec les acteurs humanitaires, en particulier celles qui\nrapportent et d\u00e9noncent les actes de VBG.\n\n- Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la fermeture des maisons de tol\u00e9rance et la mise en place des structures de protection et d\u2019encadrement des\nfemmes et filles survivantes et autrement exploit\u00e9es au sein de ces structures.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer la prise en compte de la transversalit\u00e9 de la mitigation des risques VBG dans tous les secteurs.\n\n- Assurer le respect des principes directeurs dans les services de prise en charge ainsi que dans le processus de collecte,\nvalidation et communication sur les donn\u00e9es VBG.\n\n- Encourager les r\u00e9ponses multi-sectorielles qui veillent \u00e0 mettre en place un environnement protecteur, via l\u2019am\u00e9lioration\ndes infrastructures adapt\u00e9es aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de genre notamment dans les sites et la promotion d\u2019un acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9\naux carburants et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie.\n\n#### RISQUE 2 Vol, extorsion, \u00e9viction forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- En partenariat avec les acteurs humanitaires, poursuivre le renforcement des mesures de sensibilisation sur le respect du\nDIH \u00e0 destination des FARDC et de la police nationale.\n\n- Consacrer le budget ad\u00e9quat aux capacit\u00e9s op\u00e9rationnelles des forces arm\u00e9es d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es sur le terrain (ration, salaire,\nmoyens logistiques).\n\n\n**ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Former les autorit\u00e9s et les acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques sur le DIH et notamment les droits LTP et les principes directeurs\nrelatifs au d\u00e9placement des personnes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur pays, y compris les solutions durables.\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canisme d\u2019appui/plaidoyer \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre en zone de d\u00e9placement et le celui de restitution des biens\ndans les zones de retours.\n\n- Appuyer le processus de r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re incluant la prise en compte des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes ainsi que les\nfemmes et autres personnes vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n- Garantir une r\u00e9ponse holistique qui promeut une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires dans les zones de d\u00e9placement,\nainsi que les zones de retour.\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes pr\u00e9coces mis en place au niveau communautaire ainsi que la protection \u00e0 base\ncommunautaire afin de renforcer les communaut\u00e9s dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter et n\u00e9gocier directement avec les groupes\narm\u00e9s sur base du DIH/DIDH.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- Prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires afin de promouvoir et faire respecter le caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes conform\u00e9ment aux dispositions de l\u2019article 9. G de la Convention de Kampala de 2009 et autres dispositions\npertinentes du droit national et international.\n\n- Renforcer les dispositifs s\u00e9curitaires dans les zones \u00ab hotspots \u00bb, localit\u00e9s fortement affect\u00e9es par la r\u00e9currence des\nexactions des groupes arm\u00e9s, causant des mouvements de populations et de graves violations et abus des droits de\nl\u2019homme.\n\n- Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation du programme de d\u00e9mobilisation et r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s afin\nd\u2019encourager des redditions, et pacifier les localit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de monitoring et de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes de protection, afin d\u2019orienter les actions de r\u00e9ponse et\nfaciliter l\u2019analyse des risques concernant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dynamique des groupes arm\u00e9s et des conflits (ex: triangulation\ndes donn\u00e9es sur les zones de conflits pour orienter les interventions de monitoring de protection; conduite d\u2019activit\u00e9 de\nmonitoring sur base communautaire; analyse int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de protection sensible aux conflits).\n\n- Appuyer les initiatives de dialogue communautaire pour att\u00e9nuer et r\u00e9duire les violences intra et intercommunautaires.\n\n- Renforcer la protection des civils \u00e0 travers une meilleure coordination des initiatives et programmes en lien avec le\nd\u00e9sengagement de la MONUSCO, une analyse sensible aux conflits approfondie des situations sur le terrain, et un plaidoyer\ncollectif en coordination avec les initiatives de consolidation de la paix.\n\n- Dans le cadre du retrait progressif de la MONUSCO, ajuster et renforcer le financement des acteurs appel\u00e9s \u00e0 assumer\ncertaines des fonctions sp\u00e9cifiques pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment assur\u00e9es par la MONUSCO, notamment en renfor\u00e7ant la capacit\u00e9 de\nsuivi et r\u00e9ponse aux violations graves des droits de l'enfant et la violence sexuelle et sexiste, et en investissant dans les\napproches et des m\u00e9canismes de protection \u00e0 base communautaire.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Recrutement et utilisation des enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT ET AUTORITES PROVINCIALES**\n\n\n- Mettre en \u0153uvre les engagements pris lors de la Conf\u00e9rence d'Oslo sur la protection des enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s\nde juin 2023, en investissant dans le travail social et para-social.\n\n- Renforcer les mesures li\u00e9es \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre du plan d'action de 2012 ONU-RDC, notamment concernant les violences\nsexuelles \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des enfants par les forces arm\u00e9es et services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n- Renforcer l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques locales pour les jeunes \u00e0 travers la mise en \u0153uvre des\nlignes directrices sur la s\u00e9curisation des \u00e9coles en lien avec la Safe School Declaration (SSD) ainsi que la mise en \u0153uvre et\nle respect des principes de Paris sign\u00e9s par la RDC.\n\n\n**ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte des risques de protection de l\u2019enfant, de collecte d'informations sur les cas de recrutement\net d\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants et les autres violations graves \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019enfants ainsi que les m\u00e9canismes communautaires\nde protection de l'enfant, notamment les R\u00e9seaux communautaires de protection de l\u2019enfant (ReCoPE), et les structures\nd'accueil transitoire (SAT) des enfants affect\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s, y compris les EAGA.\n\n- Appuyer les initiatives du Programme de d\u00e9mobilisation et de d\u00e9sarmement rel\u00e8vement communautaire (PDDRCS) en\nmoyens financiers et logistiques pour assurer la continuit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s en lien avec la v\u00e9rification des all\u00e9gations sur le\nrecrutement et l\u2019utilisation des enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s relativement au retrait de la MONUSCO.\n\n- Renforcer les programmes d\u2019identification, documentation, recherche et r\u00e9unification familiale (IDTR) pour les enfants\nnon-accompagn\u00e9s (ENA) et enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s (ES) affect\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s, ainsi que les enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s (EAGA), et veiller \u00e0 assurer un soutien appropri\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9insertion socio communautaire des filles associ\u00e9es ou sorties\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** |Octobre 2024\n\n\n**BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n\n- Assurer les financements pr\u00e9dictibles et \u00e0 long terme pour les programmes en faveur des enfants affect\u00e9s par les conflits\narm\u00e9s pour un meilleur positionnement des acteurs nationaux et internationaux en vue d\u2019adresser efficacement les\nprobl\u00e9matiques de protection des enfants en situation d\u2019urgence.\n\n- Assurer la prise en compte des consid\u00e9rations sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la protection des enfants dans toutes interventions,\nprogrammes et initiatives.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- En partenariat avec les acteurs humanitaires, poursuivre le renforcement des mesures de sensibilisation sur le respect du\nDIH \u00e0 destination des FARDC et de la police nationale.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes pr\u00e9coces mis en place au niveau communautaire ainsi que la protection \u00e0 base\ncommunautaire afin de renforcer les communaut\u00e9s dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter et n\u00e9gocier directement avec les groupes\narm\u00e9s sur base du DIH/DIDH.\n\n\n**DONATEURS**\n\n\n- Fournir une programmation flexible pour les programmes de protection men\u00e9s par les communaut\u00e9s, en mettant\nparticuli\u00e8rement l'accent sur le financement direct des acteurs locaux et/ou des partenariats \u00e9quitables avec les ONGI et\nles ONGN.\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n_i Le classement se fait sur base de 3 \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s : le niveau de financement du plan de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire, la couverture m\u00e9diatique de la crise ainsi que_\n_les moyens politiques mis en \u0153uvre en vue de la r\u00e9solution du conflit_\n_ii Chiffre du GBV AoR issu du suivi de la r\u00e9ponse._\n_iii Chiffre du CP AoR issu du suivi de la r\u00e9ponse_\n_[iv RDC: 266 groupes arm\u00e9s actifs dans cinq provinces orientales - RTN votre radio r\u00e9gionale](https://www.rtn.ch/rtn/Actualite/Monde/RDC-266-groupes-armes-actifs-dans-cinq-provinces-orientales.html)_\n_v Au 31 juillet 2024_\n_[vi https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-dynamic-version)_\n_[dynamic-version](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-dynamic-version)_\n_[vii Ebuteli, La r\u00e9surgence du M23 : rivalit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales, politique des donateurs et blocage du processus de paix ;](https://files.ebuteli.org/assets/c048344d-f6b9-4f01-b477-4584e1a5740a)_\n_https://www.internal-displacement.org/expert-analysis/m23-conflict-caused-nearly-3-out-of-every-4-displacements-in-the-drc-this-year/_\n_viii Au moins 4 attaques \u00e0 la bombe sur les sites de PDI de Kalehe depuis janvier 2024_\n_ix Selon le dashboard du CCCM de juillet 2024, la province du Nord Kivu dans son enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 compte 134 sites dont 14 formels et 120 informels abritant 832 498_\n_PDI. La ville de Goma et le territoire de Nyiangongo accueillent 595,978 PDI sur ces sites, soit 71% des PDI du Nord Kivu h\u00e9berg\u00e9s dans les sites formels et_\n_informels du Nord Kivu._\n_x 3eme note de synth\u00e8se sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire dans les provinces de l\u2019Ouest de la RD Congo de Caritas Belgique_\n_xi Stattistiques CMP/Tanganyika_mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024_\n_xii Selon les autorit\u00e9s provinciales. L\u2019UNDSS parle de 732 morts_\n_[xiii https://apnews.com/article/congo-conflict-mental-health-88642207a472870de36e5f434ead5990](https://apnews.com/article/congo-conflict-mental-health-88642207a472870de36e5f434ead5990)_\n_xiv Le Mai-Ndombe est l\u2019une des 2 provinces du pays connaissant une MAG de plus de 15%, n\u00e9cessitant une r\u00e9ponse d\u2019urgence, tandis que le Kwilu et le_\n_Kwango font partie des 7 provinces ayant une pr\u00e9valence de MAG \u00e9lev\u00e9e entre 10 et 15 (Note du Cluster Nutrition)_\n_[xv Evaluation de la lutte contre la traite des personnes en RDC, Universit\u00e9 de Chicago https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ZNBF.pdf](https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ZNBF.pdf)_\n_[xviBulletin d\u2019information du GBV AoR Avril - Juin (T2) 2024 (Ao\u00fbt 2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-bulletin-dinformation-du-gbv-aor-avril-juin-t2-2024-aout-2024)_\n_xvii Voir donn\u00e9es MRM et donn\u00e9es MARA Q2 2024 ; / le bulletion d\u2019information CP AoR T2 2024_\n_[xviii R\u00e9sultats du rapport d\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les exploitations et abus sexuels des femmes et des filles dans les maisons de tol\u00e9rance- D\u00e9cembre 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rapport-denquete-exploitation-et-abus-sexuels-dans-les-maisons-de-tolerance-decembre-2023)_\n_xix Ce monitoring reste limit\u00e9 \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il est loin de couvrir l\u2019ensemble des zones et notamment certaines zones particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es par les_\n_conflits. Les chiffres sont donn\u00e9s \u00e0 titre indicatif uniquement._\n_xxSelon le rapport MRM au Q2, l\u2019Ituri a \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re province en termes de nombre de cas v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s d\u2019enl\u00e8vements d\u2019enfants (51%, pr\u00e8s de 100 cas), suivie du_\n_Nord-Kivu (35%, plus de 60 cas) et du Sud-Kivu (14%, plus de 20 cas)._\n_xxi Donn\u00e9es issues du 3 et 6W de juillet 2024_\n_[xxii 2 aid workers killed in the latest violent attack in eastern Congo's conflict | Africanews](https://www.africanews.com/2024/07/02/2-aid-workers-killed-in-the-latest-violent-attack-in-eastern-congos-conflict/)_\n\n\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : **St\u00e8ve Ndikumwenayo** - **[ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)** | **Lorraine de Limelette** \n**[lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/pau_dr_congo_octobre_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_856/raw/doc_856_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_856/raw/doc_856_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3f3e72e0c6a8c10897d5cbf7bf5446762b20d9b7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_856/raw/doc_856_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,597 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ETHIOPIA**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n#### Update on conflict and climate-related protection risks trends.\n\n##### **AUGUST 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n_Figure: Severity of Protection Risks_\n_Source: GPU Risk Rating Tool for Ethiopia_\n\n\n\nEthiopia is witnessing **multiple compounded crises**, with\nconflict, violence, and climate change shocks, such as\ndrought, flooding, landslides, and disease outbreaks,\nexposing vast segments of population to protection risks\nand human rights violations. Disease outbreaks and the\nimpact of conflicts and climate change shocks affecting\nneighboring countries add to an already complex\nhumanitarian situation. **Ethiopia is reported to be the Sub-**\n**Saharan country with the fourth highest numbers of**\n**internally displaced persons.** It also has the fourth highest\nnumber of displacements (Movements) at the end of 2023\n[(IDMC](https://api.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC-GRID-2024-Global-Report-on-Internal-Displacement.pdf) 04/2024). These movements are a protection risk,\nincrease people\u2019s exposure to additional risks and force\nthem to resort to negative coping mechanisms. While\ndifferent regions present different dynamics and shocks, the\nProtection Cluster has identified five protection risks\nrequiring immediate attention. All of them have a significant\nimpact that generates serious humanitarian needs:\n\n\n\n**1.** **Violence against civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian infrastructure**\n**2.** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**3.** **Gender-based violence (and associated harmful practices such as FGM and child marriage)**\n**4.** **Trafficking in persons, forced and child labour**\n**5.** **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege, and forced displacement**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent action is needed to decrease people\u2019s exposure to protection risks and the adoption of negative coping strategies:\n\n- Respect and protect civilians and civilian objects, including medical facilities and schools, and allow safe and unimpeded\naccess for humanitarian actors to reach persons in need;\n\n- Ensure access to basic services and humanitarian assistance for vulnerable groups;\n\n- Ensure a multi-sectoral lifesaving response to Gender-Based Violence, Child Labour, and Trafficking in Persons, including\nthrough strengthening One Stop Centers and enhancing community-based protection and anti-trafficking systems;\n\n- Ensure that IDP returns/relocations are voluntary, fully informed, in safety and dignity\n\n- Finalize the domestication of the Kampala Convention.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON TRENDS IN PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | \u2013 July- August 2024** **[i]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MINIMAL|Disinformation and denial of access to information
Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups
Torture or cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment|\n|---|---|\n|**STRESS**|Abduction, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention
Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings, and attacks on civilian objects
Child and forced family separation
Impediments and/or restrictions to access to legal identity, remedies, and justice
Presence of Mine and other explosive ordnance
Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress
Theft, extortion, forced eviction or destruction of personal property
Trafficking in persons, forced labour or slavery-like practices
Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement|\n|**MODERATE**|Child, early or forced marriage
Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access|\n|**SEVERE**|Gender Based Violence|\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n\n**BATTLE**\n**INCIDENTS**\n\n\n\n**CIVILIAN**\n**FATALITIES**\n\n\n\n**DROUGHT INDUCED**\n\n\n\n**IDPs**\n\n\n\n**CONFLICT INDUCED**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL RETURNEES**\n\n**INCIDENTS** **FATALITIES** **IDPs** **IDPs**\n### **493 652 544,002 2,272,533 2,584,607**\n\n\n\n**Source: ACLED 2024** **Source: ACLED 2024** **Source: IOM DTM Round 36** **Source: IOM DTM Round 36** **Source: IOM VAS Round 19**\n\n\n**MULTIPLE COMPOUNDED CRISES - CONFLICT DYNAMICS, CLIMATIC SHOCKS, DISEASE OUTBREAKS**\n\n\nThe past few months in Ethiopia have continued to witness **multiple shocks** affecting populations throughout the country and\npreventing them from recovering from past shocks.\n\n\nThe situation in the **contested areas** in the Northern part of the\ncountry has seen renewed displacement and plans for returns\nannounced by the authorities. In mid-April, armed **clashes erupted**\n**in Alamata town** and surrounding rural towns, resulting in the\nreported displacement of some 50,000 people to Kobo town (North\nWello) and Sekota Town (Wag Hamra), in Amhara. Some of these\nIDPs returned, but towards the end of April 2024, 16,600 IDPs were\n[still in Kobo and 8,150 IDPs in Sekota (OCHA 05/2024). On 31 May,](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-flash-update-3-displacement-north-wello-and-wag-hamra-zones-amhara-region-30-april-2024)\nthe Tigray Interim Administration announced a **plan to return**\n**690,000 IDPs** to their places of origin in contested Northern areas,\n[and returns started at the end of June 2024 (OCHA 06/2024,](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024) [Addis](https://addisstandard.com/nearly-2200-second-batch-idps-return-to-tselemti-after-three-day-impasse/)\n[Standard](https://addisstandard.com/nearly-2200-second-batch-idps-return-to-tselemti-after-three-day-impasse/) [04/07/2024, Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/fear-insecurity-persists-amid-recent-large-scale-idps-and-militia-return-to-raya-alamata/) 23/07/2024).\n\n\nIn **Amhara**, populations affected by the conflict in Northern Ethiopia\n\nstruggle to recover due to the additional shocks impacting them,\nincluding insecurity and armed violence affecting the region after\nthe outbreak of fighting in April 2023. Curfews and measures of\ncontrol of citizens continue. **Humanitarian access constraints** due\nto fighting, insecurity, criminality, and intermittent **internet**\n**shutdown** remain in the region. **Fighting between Government**\n**forces and the UAGs** was reported as decreasing in early May but\nescalating again at the end of May across different zones (i.e. West\nGojjam, North Shewa (A), and North Wello zones), with at least two\ndrone attacks reported in mid-May in North Shewa zone, allegedly\nleading to civilian casualties (ACAPS 14/06/2024; [ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/22/epo-weekly-update-21-may-2024/)\n22/05/2024). According to ACLED, \u201csince the start of the Fano\ninsurgency in April 2023 until June 2024, over 6.1 million people\nhave been exposed to conflict in Amhara region\u201d. There does not\nseem to be any immediate prospect for peace talks between the\nGovernment and the Fano militia at present [(ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/07/05/ethiopia-monthly-update-june-2024-the-pursuit-of-peace-in-amhara-region/) 05/07/2024).\n\n\nUnverified figures reported displacement of around 18,000 people in North Shewa Zone in March, related to the **ethnic**\n**frictions in Amhara\u2019s Oromiya special zone and North Shewa zone** [(OCHA 06/2024, ACAPS 14/06/2024). These new](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\ndisplacements add to the already existing numbers of IDPs residing in Amhara, including in North Shewa and North Wollo \u2013\n[for a total of approximately 670,000 people (OCHA 06/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n\n\nBoth in **West and South Oromia**, clashes continued to be reported between armed groups and Ethiopian Governmental forces.\nClashes associated with the Government of Ethiopia\u2019s operations against the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF)-Shane **(OLA/OLF-**\n**Shane)** have been reported since April 2024, continuing at a lower level throughout June, especially in West Wollega,\n[Southwest Shewa, West Shewa, and Guji zones (ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/02/epo-weekly-update-30-april-2024/) 02/05/2024, [ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/08/epo-weekly-update-7-may-2024/) 08/05/2024, [ACLED 15/05/2024,](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/15/epo-weekly-update-14-may-2024/) [ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/07/04/ethiopia-weekly-update-2-july-2024/)\n04/07/2024).\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n\nThe tension between **Afar and Somali-Issa communities** has\nincreased since February 2024, with renewed clashes\nresulting in casualties and leading to the displacement of\nseveral thousand people \u2013 for an estimated 30,000 people\nin Afar and more than 37,000 people in Siti Zone (Somali\n[region) displaced due to conflict (OCHA 06/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024) **Gambela**\nregion in the past months witnessed ethnic tensions and\ncommunal disputes affecting civilians and movement in the\n[region, due to temporary road closures (ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/15/epo-weekly-update-14-may-2024/) 15/05/2024,\n[ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/22/epo-weekly-update-21-may-2024/) [22/05/2024, ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/07/04/ethiopia-weekly-update-2-july-2024/) 04/07/2024).\n\n\n\nThe areas affected by displacement due to violence are also\ncharacterized by **additional displacement due to climate**\n**shocks** . Siti zones hosts a total of over 83,000 IDPs and has\nbeen affected by inter-ethnic violence and drought, seasonal\nfloodings, and disease outbreaks, in particular cholera\n[(OCHA 06/2024). The](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024) **March to May rains (belg/gu)** caused\nflooding in several regions, affecting 247,000 people, and\ndisplacing at least 51,000 people in Somali region, more than\n\n_Figure \u2013 Snapshot of Ethiopia National Access Map as of 31 July_ 80% of the displaced in the Shabelle zone. More than\n\n_2024_ 285,000 people were affected, at least 38,300 displaced\n_Source: OCHA,_ _[Ethiopia National Access Map](https://reliefweb.int/map/ethiopia/ethiopia-national-access-map-31-january-2024?_gl=1*1qvzjcg*_ga*MjAwMTU4NTg4OS4xNjk3MTEzNDA4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxMTQ1MDE2Ni42Ni4xLjE3MTE0NTAxNzUuNTEuMC4w)_ across six zones in Oromia. Sidama, South Ethiopia and\n\n[Central Ethiopia Region were also affected (OCHA 06/2024,](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024) [OCHA 05/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-update-flooding-24-may-2024)\n\n\n\n_Figure \u2013 Snapshot of Ethiopia National Access Map as of 31 July_\n\n\n\n_2024_\n_Source: OCHA,_ _[Ethiopia National Access Map](https://reliefweb.int/map/ethiopia/ethiopia-national-access-map-31-january-2024?_gl=1*1qvzjcg*_ga*MjAwMTU4NTg4OS4xNjk3MTEzNDA4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxMTQ1MDE2Ni42Ni4xLjE3MTE0NTAxNzUuNTEuMC4w)_\n\n\n\n**Heavy rains, coupled with winds**, posed serious challenges to IDPs in regions such as Amhara and Tigray, with informal shelters\ndestroyed and IDPs becoming even more vulnerable in areas like Jari #2 IDP site in South Wollo Zone, Amhara (178 tents\ncompletely damaged, affecting 940 IDPs), and in May Hanse, Hitsats, and Adi Mahameday IDP sites in Asged Woreda of North\n[Western Zone, Tigray (1,600 shelters damaged affecting some 8,000 IDPs across the three sites) (OCHA 05/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-update-flooding-24-may-2024)\n\n\nConflict, climate shocks and disease outbreaks (Cholera, Malaria) are all factors that also contribute to the **increase in the**\n**levels of malnutrition**, and mortality in Ethiopia, particularly in zones of Afar, Amhara, Somali, and parts of South Ethiopia\n[Region (SER), with malnutrition rates past high thresholds, and very high in Somali Region. (OCHA 06/2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n\n\nApril 2024 also marked the one-year anniversary of the **conflict in the Republic of the Sudan**, with nearly 122,500 persons\ncrossing into Ethiopia through different border towns, mainly Metema (Amhara) and Kurmuk (Benishangul Gumuz). Of these,\n47% are Sudanese nationals, 39% Ethiopian returnees, and 14% third country nationals. These arrivals have put limited services\n[and resources under further strain, and newly arrived people have often faced difficult circumstances. (OCHA 06/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n\n\n**THE SEARCH FOR DURABLE SOLUTIONS AND ONGOING DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\nThe insecurity prevailing in certain areas of Ethiopia often restricts people\u2019s access to basic services and humanitarian actors\u2019\naccess to populations in need. This, as well as climatic shocks, are major drivers of increased food insecurity and displacement.\nThe resumption of **food aid** distribution for IDPs and host communities in December 2023 has been a positive development\nbut has been accompanied by new challenges, as **some of the protracted IDPs are no longer prioritized** for food assistance\n[(for example, in East and West Hararghe: OCHA 03/2024). The ongoing level of](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-mar-2024) **inflation** has further contributed to high levels\nof food insecurity and malnutrition, and to the increase in **negative coping strategies** such as child labour, child begging,\ngender-based violence (GBV) including child marriage and transactional sex. The situation may worsen following the decision\nby the central bank to float the currency in late July 2024, with the impact still to be evaluated.\n\n\nAs of June 2024, an estimated **4.5 million people** are **internally displaced in Ethiopia**, mainly in Somali (1.2 million), Oromia\n(1.1 million) and Tigray (1.1 million), and **mainly due to conflict (76%)** . About 56% of the IDPs have been displaced for more\n[than one year, 23% for two to four years, and 11% for five or more years. (OCHA 07/2024). Since January 2022, it is estimated](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-internal-displacement-overview-june-2024)\nthat **3.3 million** **IDPs have returned** [to their areas of origin (OCHA 07/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-internal-displacement-overview-june-2024) **Efforts are ongoing to return displaced people**\n**to their areas of origin**, sometimes in the same regions characterized by insecurity.\n\n\nAbout 4,300 IPDs have been returned by the government **from Amhara Region to** **Oromia Region** (East and West Wellega,\nand West Shewa zones), in three phases between February and May 2024. The plan of the authorities would be to return\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ethiopia National Access Map", - "confidence": 0.8849605321884155, - "start": 256, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.7720131874084473, - "start": 203, - "end": 204 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Shabelle zone", - "confidence": 0.5595611929893494, - "start": 271, - "end": 273 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9664430618286133, - "start": 206, - "end": 207 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5381343364715576, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ethiopia National Access Map", - "confidence": 0.8477514982223511, - "start": 345, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.8157986402511597, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.602152943611145, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9883131384849548, - "start": 326, - "end": 327 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.898212730884552, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n60,000 to 70,000 IDPs from Amhara and Benishangul Gumuz regions to their places of origin in Oromia. Availability of adequate\n[shelter, services, and livelihood opportunities for returnees, as well as security, are a concern in some areas. (OCHA 06/2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n\n\nIn **Tigray**, nearly 5,000 IDPs were relocated from the Endabaguna site in Shire district to a site in Maidimu in three phases from\n23 April to 1 May 2024, to decrease the overcrowding and improve the living conditions for IDPs. In parallel, the Tigray Interim\nAdministration on 31 May announced its plan to return **690,000 displaced persons to their places of origin in the contested**\n**areas** [. The return plan is timed for mid-year ahead of the 2024 meher planting season. (OCHA 06/2024) Movements started](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n[on 29 June, with a reported 3,700 IDPs returned to Tselemti until 3 July (Addis Standard 04/07/2024). Similarly, in the](https://addisstandard.com/nearly-2200-second-batch-idps-return-to-tselemti-after-three-day-impasse/) **Somali**\n**region**, in the framework of the \u2018Durable Solutions Strategic Plan for IDPs in the Somali Region (2024-2027)\u2019, the regional\nGovernment announced its **plans to relocate 59,000 households** - nearly a third of the total IDPs in the region. As a first phase,\narrangements are underway to relocate an estimated 6,000 IDPs in protracted situations at the Qoloji site (Fafan Zone) to two\n[locations in Bayahaw (Shabelle Zone) and Gorayocawl (Fafan). (OCHA 06/2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024)\n\n\nWhile humanitarian actors have been constantly engaging with Regional and Federal authorities on these planned IDP\nmovements and the need to ensure respect for the applicable principles and standards, challenges in this respect have been\nreported. In particular, returns or relocations of significant numbers of IDPs can pose **challenges in terms of the availability of**\n**basic services in the areas of return/relocation, issues related to housing, land and property rights, contamination with**\n**explosive ordnance** (especially in the North of the country), and **safety and security concerns in certain areas** of\nreturn/relocation or tension with already settled communities over resources (water, farmland, etc.). For affected populations,\nthese challenges and concerns come on top of already existing distress and trauma. Indeed, all the shocks and the ensuing\nforced displacement and other protection risks have led to reported worrying levels of **mental health and psychosocial** needs.\n\n\nTargeted killings, destruction of private and public property, armed clashes, the presence of unexploded ordnances (UXOs),\nand remote attacks, such as reported drone strikes take place in Ethiopia. Reports of kidnappings and abductions in various\nzones have increased recently, allegedly mostly in the context of criminal activity. Several key drivers lead to this violence:\n\n\n**Political violence** results in armed clashes that lead to civilian casualties and property damage. Hostilities in the Amhara region\n[involve the Fano militia and security forces (Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/4/ethiopias-army-accused-of-committing-war-crimes-in-amhara-region) 04/04/2024). **Amhara**, along with Oromia, is one of the most affected\nregions, consistently recording high incidences of political violence and attacks. In the Amhara region, violence has intensified\nsince August 2023, with security incidents prevalent in parts of the region that host IDPs. Armed groups are allegedly implicated\n[in extrajudicial killings destabilizing the region (ACLED](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/02/14/epo-weekly-update-13-february-2024/) [13/02/2024, Foreign policy, 06/03/2024, ACLED](https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/06/ethiopia-amhara-conflict-civil-war/) 31/07/2024). [ii]\n\n\nThe situation remains volatile, characterized by clashes and violence in various parts of **Oromia**, including the South Oromia\nareas bordering SER zone, primarily due to conflicts between unidentified armed groups (UAGs) and security forces. This\ndisrupts access to essential services, including markets and livelihoods. Meanwhile, at least up to the end of February 2024, it\nwas reported that presence and cross-border violations by the Eritrean Defense Force (EDF) into Tigray continued, such as\n[abductions, rape, looting of property, arbitrary arrest, and other violations of physical integrity (OHCHR 28/02/2024).](https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2024/03/dire-human-rights-sitution-eritrea)\n\n\nSecondly, certain areas are characterized by clashes and violence in relation to the **territorial control** such as areas contested\n[between Amhara and Tigray, with clashes for instance in March-April 2024 (ACLED](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/de037746-c85d-4389-8cb8-091515f3f620/EPO%20Monthly%20Update%20_%20February%202024%20Clashes%20in%20Tigray%E2%80%99s%20Disputed%20Territories%20Threaten%20Peace%20Deal%20-%20Ethiopia%20Peace%20Observatory.pdf) [19/03/2024, BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68864478) 20/04/2024).\n\n\n**Inter-ethnic violence**, often related to control over resources, is a third driver of violence that has been affecting several\nregions in Ethiopia, including Amhara, Afar, Somali, Oromia, Benishangul Gumuz, and Gambella. It is often sparked by ethnic\naffiliation, or disputes over resources like farming land, grazing land, access to water and livestock, sometimes involving the\nuse of resources by IDPs. Targeted killings or other incidents often spark wider clashes. For example, in March 2024, attacks\n[were reported in the Oromo special zone of Amhara, allegedly targeting primarily ethnic Oromo residents (Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/several-civilians-killed-in-a-series-of-attacks-in-oromo-special-zone-amhara-region/)\n20/03/2024). In Gambella, inter-ethnic violence in early 2024 resulted in casualties and disrupted transportation, services, and\n[humanitarian services (Addis Standard 08/02/2024, Addis Standard 27/03/2024, Addis Standard 19/03/2024).](https://addisstandard.com/news-escalating-violence-claims-lives-fuels-tensions-in-gambela-region/)\n\n\nOngoing intercommunal conflicts in the Somali region are also impacting access to land, which in turn affects the livelihoods\nof people from Somali region. These conflicts are often driven by access to resources critical for livestock production, such as\n[grazing land and water (PC, UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/protection-cluster-ethiopia-monthly-protection-overview-december-2023) 23/01/2024, [crisis24](https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/01/ethiopia-security-situation-likely-to-remain-volatile-in-amhara-region-through-at-least-late-february-amid-ongoing-military-operations-update-7) 31/01/2024, [UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/105231) 27/10/2023, [UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unhcr-ethiopia-protection-monitoring-and-solutions-pms-report-10-tigray-region-august-2023) 20/10/2023). Similarly, the\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nSomali and Afar regions have experienced intercommunal and cross-border conflicts, particularly along their regional border.\nThese conflicts typically revolve around vital resources and have disrupted peace processes. Mediation efforts often involve\ncommunity elders, religious leaders, and government officials (UNHCR, PC Jan 2024, [Addis Standard 20/03/2024,](https://addisstandard.com/several-civilians-killed-in-a-series-of-attacks-in-oromo-special-zone-amhara-region/) [crisis24](https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/01/ethiopia-security-situation-likely-to-remain-volatile-in-amhara-region-through-at-least-late-february-amid-ongoing-military-operations-update-7)\n[31/01/2024, UNHCR](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/105231) [27/10/2023, UNHCR, PC 19/06/2023). Clashes in the Siti Zone of the Somali Region have displaced more](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/monthy_protection_overview_june_2023.pdf)\nthan 200,000 people since 2018 and erupted again in February 2024, causing new displacement and impacting the ongoing\n[peace talks on disputed land facilitated by the Ethiopian government and the Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-26-apr-2024)\n[SitRep](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-26-apr-2024) 26/04/2024, [ACLED 30/04/2024). The peace process initiated in Benishangul Gumuz in late 2022 has led to some](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/05/02/epo-weekly-update-30-april-2024/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=epo-weekly-update-30-april-2024)\nimprovements, yet clashes in 2024 have highlighted ongoing instability, particularly along the borders with Oromia, causing\n[displacement in the Sasiga District of East Wollega (Dorcas](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/rapid-need-assessment-sasiga-district-oromia-region-east-wallagga-zone-internally-displaced-people-due-inter-ethnic-conflict) 17/04/2024).\n\n\n**Disputes between IDPs and host communities** also contribute to the tension, fueled by disagreements over resource\nallocation. For example, gaps in assistance to IDPs in the Jara IDP camp have led to increased competition over resources like\n[grazing land and water for livestock have led to clashes, increasing security risks for IDPs (OCHA SitRep 25/03/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-25-mar-2024)\n\n\n**Efforts to curb interethnic violence and foster reconciliation are in place**, for example the abovementioned dialogues\nbetween the Afar and Somali regions, coordinated by the government and the Islamic council. The government is also\nadvancing in transitional justice, having launched nationwide public consultations on the transitional justice policy options in\n[Ethiopia in early 2023 (EHRC](https://ehrc.org/ehrc-welcomes-the-launch-of-public-consultations-on-transitional-justice-policy-options-in-ethiopia/) 06/03/2023), conducted \u201csome 80 consultations nationwide\u201d over 8 months [(IPI, 04/2024),](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-moves-forward-its-transitional-justice-initiative-challenges-abound)\nleading to the adoption of the **Transitional Justice policy** by the Council of Ministers on 17 April and its formal launch by the\n[Government on 9 May 2024 (OHCHR 06/2024). Still, challenges remain in terms of adequate protection of vulnerable groups,](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/OHCHR-Update-HR-situation-in-Ethiopia-in-2023.pdf)\nsupport for community-based peacebuilding initiatives, accountability, and the identification of durable solutions, including\nthrough the development or use of alternative justice and conflict management mechanisms. The ongoing initiatives of the\nNational Dialogue Commission (NDC) summoning, engaging and holding consultations with diverse stakeholders, could also\ncontribute to the peace process; although some opposition parties have clearly declared their non-participation and lack of\n[trust in the NDC and its approach (Addis Standard 05/2024).](https://addisstandard.com/caucus-of-opposition-parties-accuses-national-dialogue-commission-of-political-bias-and-failure-to-ensure-inclusivity/)\n\n\nIn February 2024 alone, ACLED documented 168 political violence events and 473 fatalities nationwide, with a significant\nconcentration in the Amhara region. Civilians have been victims of targeted killings and injuries as a result of attacks or armed\nclashes. [iii] Since the beginning of 2024, ACLED has reported six events classified as \u201cair/drone strikes\u201d in Amhara and Oromia,\n[allegedly leading to a total of more than 50 casualties, reportedly including civilians (ACLED Dataset, consulted 20/05/2024).](https://epo.acleddata.com/data/)\n\n\nViolence has also led to widespread **destruction of both private and public property**, such as homes, schools, and health\nfacilities. **Educational institutions** have suffered damage due to clashes, or have been used by armed actors, preventing\nstudents from going to school. As of April 2024, the Education Cluster reported 9,177 damaged schools (out of which, 7,185\ndue to conflict), 5,371 closed schools (out of which, 4,870 due to conflict), and more than 7.7 million students out of school\n[(out of which, 6.9 million due to conflict) in the country (Education Cluster](https://response.reliefweb.int/ethiopia/education) Monitoring Dashboard, 04/2024). Similarly, **medical**\n**facilities and access to healthcare** for the population have been impacted by insecurity and clashes, in particular in Amhara,\n[Benishangul Gumuz, Western Oromia, Somali, and Tigray (Ethiopia Health Cluster, 02/05/2024; see Risk 2).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-health-cluster-bulletin-march-april-2024?_gl=1*1w1ta09*_ga*MjAwMTU4NTg4OS4xNjk3MTEzNDA4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxNDk3NTM2OS44MS4wLjE3MTQ5NzUzNjkuNjAuMC4w)\n\n\nIn general, because of the escalating violence, communities have faced waves of **displacement**, with protection concerns and\nthe consequences that go with it (see Risk 5). As people flee the conflict, the pressure on scarce humanitarian resources\nescalates in places of displacement, and the delivery of aid and services is further impeded. Blocked roads and the prevailing\ninsecurity severely restrict humanitarian efforts, with overall **movements in certain areas being restricted**, and little to no\nhumanitarian visits conducted, as has been the case in parts of the Amhara region. **Communication blackouts** further\ncomplicate the situation [(crisis24](https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/01/ethiopia-security-situation-likely-to-remain-volatile-in-amhara-region-through-at-least-late-february-amid-ongoing-military-operations-update-7) 31/01/2024, [OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/09/ethiopia-nearly-one-year-after-ceasefire-un-experts-warn-ongoing-atrocities) 18/09/2023, [Amnesty International 26/02/2024). This pattern of](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr25/7696/2024/en/)\ndisruption and displacement extends to Tigray, Oromia, Benishangul-Gumuz, and the Somali region.\n\n\nOther consequences of the violence to which civilians are exposed are an **increase in GBV and child/family separation** in\naffected areas, as well as widespread **psychosocial consequences.** The situation calls for enhanced GBV response strategies\n(see Risk 3) and accessible support systems, preventive measures for child separation (i.e., teaching children to memorize\nphone numbers or using identification bracelets), and efforts to destigmatize mental health issues at the community level.\n\n\nAreas affected by political violence or conflict continue to face consequences of the **presence of (land)mines and unexploded**\n**ordnance (UXO)** . While the full scale and scope of the contamination in the country are not known, UNMAS explosive ordnance\nassessments confirmed contamination in 26 woredas in Tigray and 8 in Afar, with 1,267 explosive items identified and marked. [iv]\nCertain woredas, often located in or near \u2018passive\u2019 conflict areas such as disputed border territories or areas known to have\naccommodated military actors or armed groups in previous conflicts, require further attention and follow-up.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ACLED Dataset", - "confidence": 0.8987042307853699, - "start": 641, - "end": 643 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Amhara region", - "confidence": 0.6745942831039429, - "start": 577, - "end": 579 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9773140549659729, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6434000134468079, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring Dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9546025395393372, - "start": 790, - "end": 792 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Education Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7938184142112732, - "start": 717, - "end": 719 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5711309313774109, - "start": 649, - "end": 650 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5222048163414001, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "students", - "confidence": 0.5621678829193115, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nIn the absence of comprehensive survey and clearance efforts, Explosive Ordnance (EO) continues to have a devastating impact\non civilians\u00b4 lives. While it is assumed that EO casualty figures are widely underreported, verified data collected by MA partners\nhave recorded 1,040 incidents in 2023 alone, causing 1,438 victims (1,133 male and 305 female). Farmers, constituting a large\npart of the population in Tigray, and children (25%) seem to be mostly impacted by EO. Communities, especially those engaged\nin agriculture or pastoralist activities, often face the impact of the presence of EO, such as **restricted access to essential**\n**resources and agricultural land,** or worse, grave physical and/or psycho-social consequences, including the inability to\ncontinue income generating activities. The persistent threat of landmines and other EO not only hampers economic stability\nand food security but also **prevents IDPs from returning to their homes**, thereby exacerbating pressure on the available\nland/resources and continued displacement.\n\n\nThis situation is compounded by the **absence of adequate support services to assist victims** of EO, including medical care,\nrehabilitation, psychological and psycho-social services, assuring a minimal quality of life, access to services, and the provision\nof information on prevention, promotion and medical care and services. Awareness campaigns on Explosive Hazard awareness\nTraining (EHAT) to recognize and mitigate EO impact are ongoing, however, the small number of partners, persistent risks,\nunderreporting and capacity gaps in Ethiopian Mine Action Office (EMAO) undermine the efforts.\n\n\nProtection threats related to the risk of **discrimination, stigmatization, and the denial of resources** are particularly reported\nin conflict-affected regions such as Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray, often allegedly driven by political motivation or ethnic rivalry,\nbut also affecting vulnerable groups. **Rivalry for resources, bias, prejudice, and social norms** impact vulnerable groups such\nas women, persons with disabilities, older people, and children. As a result, these groups face exclusion from assistance,\nservices, and access to information. DTM indicates over 50% of IDPS and returning IDPs are not involved in decision-making\non humanitarian aid, nor are they aware of mechanisms to provide feedback or make complaints about the quality, quantity\n[and appropriateness of the humanitarian aid they receive (AAP Snapshot Report](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/accountability-affected-populations-aap-snapshot-report-site-assessment-round-34-and-village-assessment-survey-round-17-ethiopia-august-september-2023) 26/12/2023). A significant problem is the lack\nof disaggregated data to understand how different groups are impacted, taking into account gender norms and roles.\n\n\nAnother factor that limits people\u2019s access to essential services and assistance is the **lack of identification documents**, which\nagain is often connected to discrimination related to being an IDP or belonging to a certain group. The Government of Ethiopia,\ntogether with humanitarian agencies, has launched an initiative to include refugees and asylum-seekers, as well as IDPs, into\nthe **Ethiopian Digital ID system, called \u201cFayda.\u201d** Ethiopia will receive 350 million USD from the World Bank, which will target\n[\u201cat least 90 million Ethiopians, as well as refugees and migrants living in Ethiopia\u201d (World Bank, 12/2023). Pilots are being](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/12/13/world-bank-supports-afe-ethiopias-digital-id-project-to-increase-access-to-services-and-economic-opportunities#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20December%2013%2C%202023%20%E2%80%94,approved%20by%20the%20World%20Bank)\nconducted for refugees and asylum-seekers by the Refugees and Returnees Service (RRS) in partnership with the National ID\n[Program (NIDP) and UNHCR (UNHCR 07/03/2024), and for IDPs and/or returning migrants by the NIDP in collaboration with](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107094)\n[IOM and UNICEF (IOM, 15/11/2023,](https://www.iom.int/news/ethiopia-partnership-eases-vulnerable-returnee-access-legal-identity-documents) [UNICEF 12/10/2023). This is expected to ease individuals\u2019 access to essential services such](https://twitter.com/UNICEFEthiopia/status/1712433462907420855)\nas obtaining a SIM card, healthcare, school enrolment, and humanitarian assistance (including cash). However, the \u201cFayda\u201d ID\n[will not replace kebele IDs that are issued by the local government (Ethiopia National ID website, FAQ, accessed 01/08/2024).](https://id.gov.et/faq)\n\n\n**Lack of humanitarian access** to some areas due to insecurity, or to some contested areas in the North of the country, has also\nimpacted people\u2019s ability to receive assistance, sometimes leading them to move/return to unsafe areas due to the lack of aid.\nIn 2023, OCHA documented 93 incidents affecting aid workers, including kidnapping, robbery, and violence, and by May 2024,\nsix aid workers had already been killed (even if not targeted). Efforts to provide aid are hampered by limited access, **ongoing**\n**clashes and insecurity, logistical challenges, communication blackouts, and lack of resources** . The Ethiopian government and\nhumanitarian partners continue to face severe access constraints in providing food and other humanitarian assistance in some\nparts of the Amhara region due to insecurity as well as shortages of fuel, necessary to transport relief supplies across the\nregion. Benishangul Gumuz Region has been similarly impacted by the lack of fuel, as well as difficulties transporting\n[commercial goods through Amhara due to insecurity (Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/news-conflict-in-amhara-region-disrupts-delivery-of-food-aid-transportation-of-fertilizers/) 15/11/2023, [Addis Zeybe](https://addiszeybe.com/featured/gonder/currentaffairs/internet-blackout-in-major-amhara-region-cities) 10/04/2023). Also, the\n**involvement of various armed actors**, including local militias and allegedly foreign forces, further complicates efforts to access\naffected populations, for example in some contested areas in the North of the country, as well as some areas bordering Eritrea.\n\n\n**Internet shutdowns and communication blackouts** have also significantly infringed on civic space and hampered access to\nessential services, affecting livelihoods, education, and humanitarian operations, as well as rule of law services, like police and\ncourts. Vital communication with NGOs was cut off. Additionally, the WHO highlighted that such shutdowns necessitated the\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "EO casualty figures", - "confidence": 0.9607155323028564, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MA partners", - "confidence": 0.8556762337684631, - "start": 50, - "end": 52 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ETHIOPIA", - "confidence": 0.8304433226585388, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9555912613868713, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "AAP Snapshot Report", - "confidence": 0.9838880896568298, - "start": 457, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.7798855304718018, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.6513470411300659, - "start": 587, - "end": 589 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9747471809387207, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9923201203346252, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5014837980270386, - "start": 554, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ethiopian Digital ID system", - "confidence": 0.8768625259399414, - "start": 567, - "end": 571 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.600071370601654, - "start": 587, - "end": 589 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.986083447933197, - "start": 541, - "end": 542 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6620397567749023, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9485800266265869, - "start": 554, - "end": 557 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nsharing of epidemiological data via SMS, illustrating the broader challenges these blackouts pose to humanitarian and\n[healthcare services (Amnesty International 26/02/2024, WHO 02/02/2024, borkena](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr25/7696/2024/en/) [06/10/2023, Addis Zeybe 10/04/2023).](https://addiszeybe.com/featured/gonder/currentaffairs/internet-blackout-in-major-amhara-region-cities)\n\n\nIncidents of looting, attacks on health facilities and workers have **severely disrupted healthcare** in conflict zones, damaging\nfacilities, reducing staff, and worsening public health outcomes. This has led to increased spreading of disease, mortality, and\ndiminished care quality, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups, and placing a heavy economic burden on healthcare\nsystems. Violent clashes in the Oromo Special Zone and attacks on civilians have made medical treatment inaccessible for the\n[injured. In Tigray, the damaged health facilities contribute to disease outbreaks and high malnutrition rates. (Ethiopia Health](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-health-cluster-bulletin-may-2024)\n[Cluster](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-health-cluster-bulletin-may-2024) 30/05/2024, [Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/malaria-deaths-rise-in-oromias-west-wollega-zone-new-infections-climb-nationwide/) 15/06/2024, [ICRC](https://www.icrc.org/en/document/ethiopia-thousands-people-unable-access-healthcare-services-after-upsurge-violence) 29/05/2024, [OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-mar-2024) 01/03/2024, [OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-humanitarian-snapshot-february-2024) 13/03/2024, [Ethiopia Health](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-health-cluster-bulletin-january-2024)\n[Cluster](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-health-cluster-bulletin-january-2024) [02/02/2024, Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/news-zalambessa-residents-continue-plea-for-infrastructure-revival-more-than-a-year-after-pretoria-accord/) [21/02/2024, Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/news-ethiopian-red-cross-decries-murder-of-ambulance-driver-on-duty/) [12/01/2024, WHO](https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ethiopia/news/who-ethiopia-and-health-cluster-are-delivering-last-mile-amhara) 24/11/2023).\n\n\n**Schools and access to education** have also been severely impacted, as already mentioned (see Risk 1). In the Amhara region,\nOCHA reported that in April 2024 about 4,178 schools were closed and more than 4.1 million students were out of school, with\n[about 89% of the schools in East Gojam, West Gojam, and South Gondar zones closed (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-26-apr-2024) 26/04/2024).\n\n\nCommunities have their own capacity and resilience mechanisms to address these threats, including **social networks and**\n**mutual support systems**, such as community-led initiatives to raise funds for those in need, and religious leaders playing roles\nin conflict resolution and aid distribution. However, these community structures are not always inclusive and may exhibit\nnepotism and bias, particularly against vulnerable groups. Additionally, the affected populations' capacity to respond has been\nsignificantly hindered by multiple factors, including the compounded effect of violence/conflict and repeated climatic shocks.\n\n\nIt is worth highlighting that access to basic services like food, water, shelter, education, and healthcare is seen as a form of\njustice for those affected by violence and conflict across Ethiopia. Consultations by the EHRC and OHCHR with IDPs from July\n2022 to March 2023 in various regions included an IDP woman\u2019s statement that justice equates to equal provision of quality\n[health services and aid (EHRC, OHCHR 28/12/2023). This underscores the critical link between access to services and justice](https://ehrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/231227_-FINAL-OHCHR-EHRC-Report-TJ-28.12.23-For-release.pdf)\nfor displaced communities, a key element to consider also for the success of any peace initiatives.\n\n##### RISK 3 Gender Based Violence\n\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) in Ethiopia is exacerbated by conflict, climate shocks, displacement, and socio-economic issues.\n**Conflict involving** killings, forced displacement, and physical injuries, heightens all types of GBV, and conflict related Sexual\nviolence with resultant acute medical complications such as trauma fistula, Pelvic Organs Prolapse (POP), against a pre-conflict\nculture normalizing GBV and violence against women and girls [(EDHS 2016). Areas affected span from Oromia (Guji, the](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR328/FR328.pdf)\nWollegas and North and West Shewa, as well as zones affected at the same time by drought-like conditions such as in East\nBale, Borena, and East and West Hararge), Amhara (across much of the region), Somali (conflict along the Afar border and\namong different ethnic groups), Afar (conflict along the border with Somalia and drought), Gambella, and Benishangul-Gumuz\n(especially along the border with Oromia).\n\n\n**Drought and flood** lead to displacement and loss of income, increasing the risk of GBV as communities are forced to move.\n**Displacement** increases the breakdown of support mechanisms and families and living in conditions such as overcrowded\nshelters, irregular food support and unsafe facilities in IDP sites, and limited-service availability increasing vulnerability to GBV\nfor most community members, particularly women and girls. Additionally, the lack of economic options and aid dependency\nheighten the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse for displaced women and girls.\n\n\nThe **lack of systematic data collection and analysis** to effectively inform the response hinders the provision of services in\nEthiopia. GBV and conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) cases are often under-reported due to stigma, fear of retaliation, and\nlack of trust in authorities. Different organizations may use varying methods and standards for data collection, leading to\ninconsistencies and gaps in the data. Conflict and instability further hinder access to certain regions, making data collection\nchallenging. Conflict-related sexual violence and rape have severe and lasting impacts on the health, psychosocial, and\neconomic well-being of survivors. The Humanitarian Needs Overviews (HNOs) from the past 3 years indicate that the number\nof people in need of actions to prevent, mitigate, and respond to GBV has risen from 3.5 million in 2021 to 7.2 million in 2024.\n\n\n**Community members are among the main perpetrators of GBV**, due to cultural practices contributing sometimes to GBV,\nplacing women in vulnerable positions, and exacerbating the risk of physical and sexual violence. Ethnic differences and the\nlack of women\u2019s empowerment both economically and psychologically also exacerbate GBV. However, it is likely that in areas\nimpacted by conflict **armed actors** are a primary perpetrator. According to one study related to the conflict in Northern\n[Ethiopia, 96% of incidents were attributed to armed actors (PHR](https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Report-PHR-OJAH-Ethiopia-Sexual-Violence-August-2023-ENG-WEB.pdf) 24/08/2023). **Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA)**, as a type\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "epidemiological data", - "confidence": 0.8367166519165039, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Amnesty International", - "confidence": 0.5729411840438843, - "start": 29, - "end": 31 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "ETHIOPIA", - "confidence": 0.9594464302062988, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9099507927894592, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5251666307449341, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "systematic data collection", - "confidence": 0.5322842597961426, - "start": 883, - "end": 886 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9725094437599182, - "start": 901, - "end": 902 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced women and girls", - "confidence": 0.5304235816001892, - "start": 873, - "end": 877 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Needs Overviews", - "confidence": 0.9987608194351196, - "start": 989, - "end": 992 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HNOs", - "confidence": 0.9802520871162415, - "start": 993, - "end": 994 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.8224098682403564, - "start": 901, - "end": 902 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9779142141342163, - "start": 1034, - "end": 1035 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nof gender-based violence perpetrated by aid workers, is also largely unreported. In 2023 the PSEA Network, comprising of the\nhumanitarian communities, received only 5 allegations of SEA, despite Network members reporting that over 18,400 affected\npeople had access to reporting channels for SEA and over 1.6 million people were reached with awareness-raising campaigns\n[on SEA (Ethiopia IASC PSEA indicators). Given that the risk factors for GBV are high in Ethiopia, it follows that the risk of SEA is](https://psea.interagencystandingcommittee.org/location/southern-and-eastern-africa/ethiopia)\nalso high as aid continues to be reduced and negative coping mechanisms arise.\n\n\nA specific and widespread form of GBV is **child marriage (in some communities' child marriage is accompanied by Female**\n**Genital Mutilation (FGM))**, which is often seen as a coping mechanism for economic survival and is influenced by a variety of\nsocial, cultural, and economic factors. Traditional gender roles and societal expectations are compounded by limited access to\nvocational training, safe secondary education, and employment opportunities for girls. Economic incentives like dowries and\nthe preservation of family honour, which is often linked to a young bride's virginity, further promote the practice. Conflicts\nand environmental crises exacerbate these issues, particularly in rural areas with strong cultural norms and limited educational\nresources, leading communities to see child marriage as a survival strategy. Ethiopia has some of the highest rates of child,\nearly, and forced marriage, with **4 in 10 girls getting married before turning 18** [(SOS](https://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/news/preventing-child-marriage) 27/11/2023). The prevalence of child\nmarriage is particularly high in drought-affected regions like Somali, Oromia, and Tigray, but also in Amhara and Afar, where\neconomic challenges drive families to marry off their daughters at young ages. In rural areas, child marriages are more common\n[and typically occur earlier than in urban areas, often between the ages of 12-14 (BioMed Central](https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02409-w#:~:text=The%20prevalence%20of%20child%20marriage%20was%2033.7%25%2C%20(95%25,Harari%20region%20faced%20early%20marriage.) 16/05/2023).\n\n\nIn regions like Afar, Somali, and others in the country where early, child and forced marriage cultural practices intertwine with\nhumanitarian crises, requirements around virginity and **Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)**, as a prerequisite for marriage\neligibility, are increasingly emerging. FGM is reported on the increase among ongoing multi-faceted conflict and climate shocks\ncrises, along with an increase in Child Marriage as a negative coping mechanism to address the household, family and individual\neconomy, and rising female- and adolescent-headed households. Families sometimes are unwilling or unable to seek services\nrelated to GBV out of fear of stigma and shame of having a daughter who is no longer eligible for marriage.\n\n\nChild marriage significantly contributes to **gender inequality and cycles of poverty**, while exposing young girls to serious **health**\n**and social risks** . These marriages often end educational pursuits or are more likely to occur after girls drop out of school due\nto reasons such as poor performance/achievements and reduced future job prospects, reinforcing social and gender\ndisparities. Women married before 18 are at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased likelihood of early\nchildbirth, obstetric fistula and other reproductive health issues, larger families, and lower chances of delivering in medical\nfacilities with professional assistance. These women also experience higher rates of intimate partner violence, emotional\ndistress, and mental health issues. Economically, child marriage restricts educational attainment and reduces earning potential\nin adulthood, diminishing women\u2019s roles in household decision-making and labor force participation, and lessening their\n[control over household assets (UNICEF & Center for Evaluation and Development](https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/media/9081/file/End%20Child%20Marriage%20(ECM)%20.pdf) [11/06/2023, BioMed Central 16/05/2023).](https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02409-w#:~:text=The%20prevalence%20of%20child%20marriage%20was%2033.7%25%2C%20(95%25,Harari%20region%20faced%20early%20marriage.)\n\n\nThe **capacity of populations to address the issue of child marriage** is significantly hindered by economic hardships, educational\ndeficits, and infrastructure damage, such as destroyed schools that would otherwise help delay marriage through education.\nWhile cases of child and forced marriage are often settled through family negotiations, efforts by humanitarian programs and\nthe Bureau of Women and Social Affairs (BoWSA) to tackle this issue face challenges due to BoWSA\u2019s absence at the local\n[(kebele) level, complicating the coordination, monitoring, and reporting of interventions (FEWS NET](https://fews.net/east-africa/ethiopia/key-message-update/january-2024) [06/02/2024, UNICEF &](https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/media/9081/file/End%20Child%20Marriage%20(ECM)%20.pdf)\n[Center for Evaluation and Development](https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/media/9081/file/End%20Child%20Marriage%20(ECM)%20.pdf) [11/06/2023, BioMed Central](https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02409-w#:~:text=The%20prevalence%20of%20child%20marriage%20was%2033.7%25%2C%20(95%25,Harari%20region%20faced%20early%20marriage.) 16/05/2023).\n\n\nThe **consequences of all types of GBV** range from physical injuries and traumas to profound mental health issues, including\ndepression and feelings of inferiority. Survivors, especially from rural communities with strict moral codes, suffer from\nemotional breakdowns. GBV leads to unwanted pregnancies, exposure to sexually transmitted infections, and even suicide.\nSocial pressures often force survivors into marriages with their perpetrators, further entrenching the cycle of violence. **GBV**\n**can also impact the opportunity to return to the area of origin**, as survivors fear for their security or being stigmatized. For\nexample, in Tigray, some women and girls who have children as a result of sexual violence are unable to return to their place\nof origin due to fear of community stigmatization. Traditional justice mechanisms, while a recourse for some, often exclude\nwomen from direct participation, limiting their access to justice and perpetuating underreporting due to fear of stigma,\n[rejection, and retaliation (OHCHR 03/10/2023, PHR](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A-HRC-54-CRP-2.pdf) [UNHCR, UNFPA](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/GBV_Report__Final_endorsed__August_2023-_YiCMWvo.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20240406%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240406T233755Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=17800cbbf5eb905fff3010b72c5e33d54fe4abb718b9f277d51e34f09bb6fa37) [31/08/2023, 24/08/2023, BMJ](https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/8/7/e010270.full.pdf) 01/07/2023).\n\n\n**Local communities have various capacities**, including women\u2019s development groups, influential leaders, extended family care,\nneighborhood watch programs, and religious institutions. These community structures, while helpful, often lack coordination\nand sufficient leadership capacity, and sometimes exhibit gender inequality. The population\u2019s ability to respond to GBV is\nhampered by the reliance on traditional justice mechanisms, underreporting due to societal stigma, and limited access to\nessential services. Financial barriers and cultural taboos deter people from seeking legal assistance or reporting incidents.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nThe humanitarian response is further constrained by **inadequate support services**, as many women are forced to travel long\ndistances to seek help and increasing their exposure to violence. As of March 2024, funding shortfalls mean seven refugeehosting areas in Ethiopia will lose critical GBV services, and the GBV response capacity in IDP sites has significantly reduced,\nwith 46 partners reporting from 165 districts as of 30 June 2024, down from 76 partners reporting from 383 districts on 31\nDecember 2023, [v] [effectively reducing the GBV response capacity from 38% in 2023 to 23% in 2024. (UNHCR 21/03/2024, PC](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unhcr-ethiopia-protection-gap-analysis-refugees-march-2024?_gl=1*1apu4a*_ga*MjE3MzgzMTMwLjE2OTQxNjg1OTQ.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxMjUyMzA0NS4yMTkuMS4xNzEyNTIzMDUyLjUzLjAuMA..)\n[UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/protection-cluster-ethiopia-monthly-protection-overview-december-2023) [23/01/2024, BMJ](https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/8/7/e010270.full.pdf) [01/07/2023, HEKS/EPER 12/06/2023, France24](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/projects/3857/leads/110484/entries/760572) [09/02/2023, RDRMB](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Somali_region_2023_Gu_Assessment_report_Non_food_part.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20231114%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20231114T081659Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6e493c1af647c0549574ffd00cbacdc650cef36dc0f1a042b6358954bf4af475) 31/08/2023).\n\n##### RISK 4 Trafficking in persons, forced and child labour\n\n\nForced displacement and irregular migration is growing, especially among children with increased engagement in forced labor\n(including the worst forms of child labor) and children living on the street. Poverty, inflation, decreased access to income\ngenerating activities due to conflict and drought, high levels of youth unemployment, and the impact of climate change are\nmajor drivers. Limited recovery from previous shocks, including loss of livelihood activities, inflation, family separation,\ninsufficient and delayed food assistance, lack of access to education, poor value towards education as well as weak law\n[enforcement mechanisms drove up instances of exploitation and trafficking, including child labor (RDRMB](https://app.thedeep.io/permalink/leads-uuid/81c16dae-1623-4eb7-96f0-ec2b8fb90429) 31/08/2023).\nChildren face numerous challenges and risks during their journey and upon arrival in destination countries, as well as hardships\nupon deportation and return, making their reintegration into their communities challenging.\n\n\nThe **Eastern migration route**, which runs from the Horn of Africa through Yemen to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the\nmost widely used corridors. With an average of 23,000 outward cross-border movements per month, Ethiopia is the main\ncountry of origin for migrants, most of whom have their origins in the currently conflict affected areas i.e. Amhara, Tigray and\nOromia, with data as of November 2023, reporting over 285,000 Eastern Route migrants having departed from Ethiopia in\n2023, mostly men (64%), followed by women (28%), boys (5%), and girls (3%). [(IOM](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/regional-migrant-response-plan-mrp-horn-africa-yemen-and-southern-africa-2024) 02/2024). In 2024, IOM reported an\nincrease at an alarming rate of the number of children from Ethiopia travelling along the Eastern Route, including UASCs. By\nJune 2024, IOM Somalia\u2019s Migration Response Centers (MRCs) registered a **duplication in the number of children compared**\n**to the first half of 2023** (100% increase, compared to the 85% increase in the total migrants registered in the first half of 2024\ncompared to 2023), and **35% of them unaccompanied** by either a parent or guardian. Many of these children reportedly leave\nhome without any information about the journey ahead; most are completely unaware that they will have to cross a sea or\n[pass through conflict zones to reach their intended destinations. (IOM](https://storyteller.iom.int/stories/journey-innocence-minors-stranded-along-eastern-route) 2024).\n\n\nFor the **Southern migration route** towards South Africa (via Kenya, Tanzania, and other Southern African countries), while\nthere are no recent statistics, research conducted in 2023 reveals an approximate 85% of persons were Ethiopians. [(IOM](https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/regional-migrant-response-plan-mrp-horn-africa-yemen-and-southern-africa-2024)\n02/2024)\n\n\nThe multiple shocks affecting the country have likely resulted in an increase in child labor. According to a MIRA assessment\nconducted in Amhara in late October 2023 covering 6 zones and 17 woredas, child labour was identified as the second most\nimportant child protection risk that has arisen since the shock, and child trafficking was identified as one of the main factors\nmaking children stressed (after lack of food, attacks, and inability to go to school (MIRA assessment Amhara October 2023).\n\n\nWeak law enforcement of the minimum age for light work, set at 15 years old, is a factor that contributes to the continued\nprevalence of child labor. Research into **girl child domestic workers** conducted in low-income areas in Addis Ababa found that,\nbased on indicators developed by the US Department of State, 52% of girls in the sample were victims of human trafficking\n(68% of self-identified domestic workers and 35% of those who do not identify as domestic workers). Based on provisions of\nthe Ethiopian Labour law, all girls aged 12 to 14 were considered to be working illegally, while 87% of those aged 15 to 17 were\n[in illegal child labour, largely fueled by excessive working hours and not having any rest days. (The Freedom Fund 10/2022)](https://www.freedomfund.org/app/uploads/2024/03/CDW-Ethiopia-2022.pdf)\n\n\nAccording to the Regional Bureau of Women and Social Affairs, as of July 2022 there were around 5,000 children living on the\nstreet in Tigray region and 8,000 in Amhara. Approximately 1152 UAS children living on the street in Tigray were supported\nthrough a local organization and later 777 (663M, 114F) were reunified with their parents/previous caregivers.\n\n\nIn October 2023, child protection partners identified that 5.6% of the reunited children were subject to secondary separation,\nand almost all were engaged in income-generating activities and child labor due to poverty and low family income. In Oromia,\na rising number of street children has been reported as a result of food insecurity and recurring drought, as families resort to\nnegative coping mechanisms such as child labor, begging, and attachment to the street to adapt to insufficient access to food\n[(UNHCR, PC](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Monthy_Protection_Overview_January_2024_final.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20240324%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240324T230739Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=5fb32acd946628e860f7810ba26a59bceb50741c53d81dd2500a26b13c4c833d) [01/03/2024, UNHCR, PC 23/01/2024). Likewise, the suspension of food aid has reportedly led to an increase in](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/protection-cluster-ethiopia-monthly-protection-overview-november-2023)\n[child labor and school dropouts in Benishangul Gumuz (Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/several-civilians-killed-in-a-series-of-attacks-in-oromo-special-zone-amhara-region/) [20/03/2024, OCHA](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-mar-2024) 01/03/2024).\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n**Protection risks related to child labor and during forced displacement and migration** in transit and destination countries\ninvolve death and health concerns, restrictions to access to basic services, disinformation and denial of access to information,\npsychological and emotional abuse or inflicted distress, arbitrary arrest and detention, sexual violence, forced marriage, child\nabuse and neglect, torture and cruel inhuman or degrading treatment, trafficking, abduction, extortion, discrimination, forced\nreturns, homelessness and debt bondage. Children are at risk of being kidnapped and separated from their families, and of\nbeing forced into child labor.\n\n\nAmong the **major elements of Ethiopia\u2019s response to child labour and trafficking** are the following:\n\n1. Ethiopia ratified the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL) Convention 1999 (No.182) in 2003, and its provisions\n\nwere codified into national law as part of the Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019\n2. Ethiopia is developing a national protection system which includes the prevention of child trafficking. This initiative\n\nstarts from the destination countries such as establishing a unified management at a national level and cross-border\nreferral mechanism. It will work to create a regional dialogue, agree on a roadmap, and follow a rights-based\napproach.\n3. Several programmes to combat child labour have been implemented by Ethiopia since 2017 (for details, see\n\n[International Cocoa Initiative 03/2023, Table 4 page 14)](https://www.cocoainitiative.org/sites/default/files/resources/ICI_2023_Child%20labour%20legislation%20in%20Ethiopia_vf.pdf)\n4. Community-based protection and anti-trafficking committees exist, even if they are often insufficient to address the\n\nscale of the problem, especially in regions where the government's presence is weak or compromised by conflict\n[(UNHCR, PC](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Monthy_Protection_Overview_January_2024_final.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20240324%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240324T230739Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=5fb32acd946628e860f7810ba26a59bceb50741c53d81dd2500a26b13c4c833d) 01/03/2024, [UNHCR, PC 23/01/2024). These groups actively address child labor and trafficking by raising](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/protection-cluster-ethiopia-monthly-protection-overview-november-2023)\nawareness, mobilizing resources, and advocating for change. They also focus on reintegrating unaccompanied and\nseparated children (UASC), arranging post-care solutions, and fundraising to help children return to school.\n\n\nHowever, **gaps and challenges** remain, including the following:\n\n1. Weak implementation of legal frameworks regarding child labor and trafficking, a shortage of labor inspectors, weak\n\nborder trafficking control mechanisms, the absence of active referral and feedback mechanisms, and a lack of\nadvocacy through media to raise broader community awareness.\n2. The adoption of a law on the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons\n\nProclamation No 1178 in 2020, which includes a national task force, has lagged behind in its implementation.\n3. Community efforts need better integration with government institutions for more effective implementation and\n\nformal reporting mechanisms for communities to provide feedback to the government are needed.\n\n\nMost of the **displacement** across Ethiopia is due to conflict, particularly the conflict in Northern Ethiopia, but also in the Oromia\nregion. However, forced displacement is also fueled by climatic reasons i.e., drought, floods, and the lack of resources, resulting\nin a large number of IDPs, many of whom are in protracted situations. As of June 2024, OCHA reported an estimated 4.5 million\nIDPs in Ethiopia, displaced primarily by conflict (73%), climate (12%), and other causes (15%). IDPs are mostly in Somali, (1.2\nmillion), Tigray (1.1 million) and Oromia (1.1 million), but there are also 418,000 in Amhara. [(OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-internal-displacement-overview-june-2024) 04/07/2024) Living\n[conditions for returnees, those who have relocated, and IDPs are dire, and needs remain high (Ethiopia ESNFI](https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/Ethiopia%20ESNFI%20Cluster%202023%20Annual%20Report.pdf?VersionId=rCS2cm0bPMPfmcHUu0CD_eyyuGeqLOxO) 12/02/2024).\n\n\nIn relation to the **conflict in Northern Ethiopia**, the presence of armed actors and militias in parts of the contested areas has\nled to ongoing displacement, including up to 50,000 people displaced from contested areas between Amhara and Tigray to\nWaghamra and North Wollo zones of Amhara in April-May 2024, due to clashes between Amhara forces and Tigray forces for\n[control of the areas (BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68864478) [20/04/2024, OCHA Flash Updates #1](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-flash-update-1-displacement-north-wello-and-wag-hamra-zones-amhara-region-19-april-2024) [and #2). Additionally, displaced Tigrayans report that Amhara](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-flash-update-2-displacement-north-wello-and-wag-hamra-zones-amhara-region-22-april-2024)\n[and EDF continue to be present in the contested areas in the Northwest of the country (CFR](https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ethiopia) 19/12/2023). Displacement due\nto **clashes and intercommunal violence** [has been reported in Amhara and Somali-Afar (ESNFI cluster 16/05/2024).](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-esnfi-cluster-climate-and-conflict-response-monitoring-afar-amhara-bgr-gambela-oromia-south-ethiopia-and-somali-regions-30-april-2024)\n\n\nDisplacement also regularly follows **climatic shocks, such as flooding** . After flooding at the end of 2023 affecting more than\n1.5 million people, as of April 26, flooding has again significantly impacted or will likely impact multiple regions. For the Kiremt\nseason, authorities estimate more than 1.6 million people are at risk of being affected by flooding throughout the country,\n[and more than 443,000 of being displaced (Govt and humanitarian partners](https://fscluster.org/ethiopiaagric/document/national-mhcp-2024-kiremt-season) 06/2024).\n\n\nIn addition to displacement, the conflict in Amhara has comprised recurrent **restrictions on movement** [(VOA](https://www.voanews.com/a/ethiopia-announces-arrests-in-tense-amhara-region-/7213137.html) 05/08/2023;\n[Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/command-post-lifts-ban-on-movement-along-the-main-asphalt-road-connecting-debre-berhan-and-dessie-cities/) 06/04/2024), and in the Oromia region, restrictions of movement have been repeatedly imposed in relation to\nongoing conflict and ethnic tensions, impacting civilians\u2019 daily activities and freedom but also the free movement of provision\nof humanitarian services. The alleged perpetrators in the various regions include regional militias, national military forces, and\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\nat times, informal armed groups exerting control over territories through violence and intimidation, leading to widespread\nfear and instability. The situation in **Oromia and Amhara**, where regions have been affected by violence and assistance and\ncommercial trade cut off at times, has a wider impact on supplies, inflation, and increased tensions.\n\n\n**Freedom of movement** is challenging in relation to **durable solutions** for displaced populations. This issue is high on the agenda\nof the government, but full respect for applicable standards (free and informed choice by the IDPs whether to return to the\nplace of origin, relocate or locally integrate; voluntary movement; safety and dignity in the areas of return/relocation) has\noften been contested. As part of the safety risks preventing return of IDPs to certain places of origin, even where there are no\nactive hostilities anymore, is the presence of explosive ordnance (EO), for example in some areas of Tigray region.\n\n\nThe government has planned to **return** thousands of IDPs from Amhara to their places of origin in Oromia, despite persistent\ninstability and violence in some areas. By late February 2024, about 1,530 individuals had been relocated back to areas in\n[Oromia, with plans to repatriate over 4,100 IDPs (Addis Standard](https://addisstandard.com/idps-recently-returned-from-amhara-to-oromia-region-opt-to-turn-back-while-others-choose-to-stay-despite-turmoil/) 21/03/2024). Anecdotal evidence shows that some returned\nto find extensive losses, including damage to agricultural lands, without any form of compensation. Other families were\nreportedly relocated to overcrowded and under-equipped temporary shelters, with restricted movement out of the\ndesignated areas thus exacerbating their vulnerability and exposure to ongoing threats. Currently, over 66,000 IDPs are housed\n[across 88 sites in the Amhara region, with humanitarian efforts hindered by security challenges and resource constraints (Addis](https://addisstandard.com/idps-recently-returned-from-amhara-to-oromia-region-opt-to-turn-back-while-others-choose-to-stay-despite-turmoil/)\n[Standard 21/03/2024). Similarly, the Tigray Interim Administration\u2019s announced plan to return 690,000 displaced persons to](https://addisstandard.com/idps-recently-returned-from-amhara-to-oromia-region-opt-to-turn-back-while-others-choose-to-stay-despite-turmoil/)\n[their places of origin in Southern Northwestern and Western zones (OCHA](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-10-june-2024) 10/06/2024) will involve similar challenges.\n\n\nThe **consequences of these threats** are severe. In regions like Amhara and Tigray, the civilian populations endure **physical**\n**displacement and economic stagnation** due to restricted access to markets and services with harsh impact on **vulnerable**\n**groups** such as women, children, and the elderly, who face risks of violence and disruption to their social and economic wellbeing. The restriction on movement compounds existing humanitarian crises, **hindering access to essential services** like\n[healthcare and education, and exacerbating food insecurity due to disrupted agricultural activities (OCHA 01/03/2024,](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-situation-report-1-mar-2024) [OHCHR](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A-HRC-54-CRP-2.pdf)\n03/10/2023, [UNHCR](https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unhcr-ethiopia-protection-monitoring-and-solutions-pms-report-10-tigray-region-august-2023) 20/10/2023). Populations in regions neighboring those where restrictions on movement are imposed, are\naffected because of the impact of these restrictions and/or the situation of insecurity on commercial transportation (the\nsituation in Amhara has impacted on the availability of commercial goods and fuel in Benishangul Gumuz).\n\n\nIn the case of **returns/relocations that are not following basic principles**, especially the voluntary nature of returns, IDPs risk\nbeing exposed to further violence and other protection risks, and/or no access to basic services and livelihood opportunities.\nThis in turn might lead to secondary displacements. According to returnees from the Oromia region, they face dire conditions,\noften finding their homes destroyed and livelihoods such as agriculture and livestock severely impacted. Basic necessities like\nfood, shelter, and medical care are critically limited, with the UN reporting that only 20% of returnees receive intermittent\n[food assistance (Addis Standard 21/03/2024). IDPs upon return often face occupation of their land and property, and the lack](https://addisstandard.com/idps-recently-returned-from-amhara-to-oromia-region-opt-to-turn-back-while-others-choose-to-stay-despite-turmoil/)\nof documentation to prove ownership is a barrier to accessing **Housing, Land and Property rights** and judicial remedies.\n\n\nCommunities have established **dispute resolution mechanisms** facilitated by key influencers and leaders who can resolve\nconflicts locally. Host communities often share resources with IDPs and returnees, showing capacity for self-distribution and\nmutual support, even if the mechanisms to mobilize these resources during displacement are often disrupted. **Local solutions**\nand best practices are sometimes found to improve the situation of IDPs. In Benishangul Gumuz, local authorities have issued\ntemporary ID cards to 2,400 protracted IDPs, displaced since the 1980s, to facilitate their movement outside camps or homes.\nIn areas in Oromia, community leaders have preserved land rights for displaced individuals, preventing disputes upon their\nreturn. Local initiatives in Benishangul Gumuz have also aimed to address issues of land restitution. The regional government\nhas formed a forum (Benishangul)\u2013 dialogue, peacebuilding \u2013 UNHCR/NRC are co-chairs. They facilitate community dialogue\nwithin specific zones with many returnees. EU and other actors also support this community dialogue. They focus on land\ndispute, DRR and natural resources. This means sensitizing government and communities. NRC helped the region to come up\nwith a manual for land restitution, as it was a gap and issues emerged with returns.\n\n\nThe government has also made strides towards the implementation of the **Kampala Convention**, but this needs to be finalized\nwith the adoption of the IDP proclamation, which will provide a needed legal framework. Regional governments have\nconducted **peacebuilding sessions and dialogues** (i.e., in the framework of the planned returns from Amhara to Oromia), but\nmore needs to be done, as well as in the implementation/improvement of documentation and data management systems.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nBetween January and August 2024, **81**\n**protection partners** responded to the protection\nneeds of around **1.5 mil people** in need (37%\nmen, 63% women, 28% children (45% Boys and\n55% Girls), 2% PWD and 4% elderly). Among the\npersons reached, 27% were IDPs, 62% host\ncommunities, 9% IDP returnees, and 2%\nreturning migrants. Activities that reached the\nbiggest numbers of beneficiaries were\nawareness raising campaigns, including on GBV,\nchild protection, explosive ordnance risk\neducation, and the provision of MHPSS and\ndignity kits.\n\n\n_Figure \u2013 Number of Protection Partners per zone (reported till August 2024)_\n\n_Source: ActivityInfo_\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nWhile protection needs in Ethiopia remain\ncritical, until the end of August partners\nmanaged to **reach 1.5 mil people out of the**\n**4.6 mil people targeted** (around 32% of the\n15.1 mil people in need). The total financial\nrequirements to assist these targeted people\namount to around **USD 311.7 mil**, but the\nresponse as of the **end of August 2024** is\nfunded at less than 14%.\n\n\n\nGiven the very limited funding, for the three\nmonths **June-August**, the Protection Cluster\nhas identified the following **priority**\n**humanitarian response and critical funding**\n**gaps**, for a total of **USD 85.8 mil**, of which\nUSD 5.2 mil to respond to drought, USD 36.2\nmil to respond to other critical emergencies,\nand USD 40.7 mil to respond to potential\nnew displacements:\n\n\n\n_Figure \u2013 Number of People reached per zone reported till August 2024)_\n\n_Source: ActivityInfo_\n\n\n\n\n - **Child Protection** : USD 95 mil, targeting 2.4 people;\n\n - **Gender-Based Violence** : USD 107 mil, targeting 2.3 mil people;\n\n - **Housing, Land and Property** : USD 17 mil, targeting 876 K people;\n\n - **Mine Action** : USD 10 mil, targeting 736K people;\n\n - **Protection** : USD 84 mil, targeting 2.6 mil people.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n**ALL WEAPON BEARERS**\n\n\n - Protect civilians and civilian infrastructure/facilities \u2013 take all the necessary precautions.\n\n - In areas affected by violence, avoid placing armed actors/military bases close to civilians and civilian infrastructures.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA**\n\n\n - Train security forces on the protection of civilians and the applicable legal frameworks, to ensure proportionate use of\nforce, if necessary, and respect for human rights.\n\n - Ensure accountability for acts of violence, human rights violations, and abuses in order to prevent a culture of impunity.\n\n - Ensure the safety of vulnerable groups, including minority groups, refugees and IDPs from attacks.\n\n - Support the development of alternative justice and dispute mechanisms to handle disputes effectively and encourage\nthe operationalization of existing alternative dispute-management mechanisms.\n\n - Continue supporting the establishment of community peacebuilding initiatives and peace committees in areas affected\nby inter-ethnic violence.\n\n - Facilitate the establishment of a robust national and regional mine action authority while streamlining mine action\nprocesses, considering the humanitarian urgency. Address the policy gaps pending the operationalization of the mine\naction activities following the approval of Four international humanitarian NGOs.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Strengthen initiatives such as joint peace committees that include IDPs and host communities, or the different ethnic\ngroups present in a community, and that focus on preventing tension from escalating \u2013 while anticipating any potential\nviolence \u2013 and work jointly with the government to implement traditional and alternative justice resolution mechanisms.\n\n - Advocate for protection monitoring and early warning systems by humanitarian, development, and human rights\norganizations, involving local civil society organizations, in particular in areas affected by inter-ethnic violence.\n\n - Consider the critical and urgent need of mine action service provision, specifically in Tigray and Afar including EO\nclearance, victim assistance and capacity building of the national mine action authority.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Ensure, together with the Bureau of Women and Social Affairs (BoWSA) on community structures/systems, the\nsustainability of information dissemination and referrals/provision of protection.\n\n - Invest in and engage more actively with peacebuilding actors to strengthen community resilience and conflict resolution.\n\n - Strengthen protection monitoring and early-warning systems, especially in areas affected by inter-ethnic violence, to\ndetect and address tensions before they escalate into violence, facilitating preemptive negotiation and intervention.\n\n - Support initiatives to prevent the forced separation of children in conflict areas, such as the use of identification bracelets.\n\n - Promote, such as community-based protection, aimed at destigmatizing mental health issues within communities,\nenhancing support and reducing the taboo around mental health care.\n\n - Education Cluster, Child Protection and Mine Action AoRs: Include safe behavior training in school curriculums to prepare\nchildren for emergencies, teaching appropriate behaviors if caught in attacks or when finding explosive ordnance.\n\n - Mainstream mine action responses across the different humanitarian sectors and advocate for joint interventions.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA**\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n - Ensure that policies and programs consider the intersectionality of vulnerable groups, addressing the unique needs and\nchallenges faced by women, people with disabilities, older people, and children.\n\n - Implement widespread awareness-raising campaigns to educate communities on the rights of various groups, promoting\ninclusion and reducing discrimination.\n\n - Provide training and resources, especially to Ethiopia Disaster Risk Management Commission (EDRMC) staff, to effectively\ndeliver services and support to vulnerable populations.\n\n - Ensure the integration of climate action into government planning with the aim of enhancing Resilience and\nEnvironmental Sustainability.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Adopt principles similar to those in the Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (EHF) template, specifically earmarking funding to\naddress discrimination against vulnerable groups (age, gender, and disability marker).\n\n - Mandate regular inclusion audits to evaluate and ensure that humanitarian programs address the needs of all vulnerable\ngroups. These audits will help identify gaps and areas for improvement in program design and implementation.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Ensure that humanitarian programs adopt an integrated approach that addresses multiple vulnerabilities and needs\nconcurrently, ensuring comprehensive support for affected populations.\n\n - Establish and reinforce community-based accountability and compliance mechanisms to ensure that aid distribution and\nsupport services are delivered fairly and effectively, with active and representative (age, gender, and other diversities)\ncommunity participation in monitoring and feedback.\n\n - Ensure that humanitarian programs have well-defined targeting and eligibility criteria, including provision for community\nparticipation in the targeting, validation, and grievance resolution processes, to ensure that assistance reaches the most\nvulnerable and is distributed equitably, in accordance with humanitarian inclusion standards.\n\n - Prioritize and implement community awareness activities to enhance knowledge of the rights and entitlements of\naffected communities, as well as the humanitarian principles, in local languages and delivered through contextappropriate, protection-sensitive methods and channels.\n\n##### RISK 3 Gender Based Violence\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA**\n\n\n - Commit funding for legal and protection actors to investigate cases, funding to facilitate access to justice for survivors,\nand the necessary resources for adequate accountability mechanisms, and **GBV funding** to support Women-Led and\nWomen Rights Organizations, and Faith-Based partners with presence in inaccessible and underserved areas.\n\n - Enhance preparedness, partner presence and **capacity to respond effectively** in underserved regions like Amhara and\nOromia.\n\n - Implement **robust data and information systems** to guide effective responses.\n\n - Increase the number of female police officers dedicated to investigating cases of GBV and ensure all police involved in\ninvestigating cases of GBV are trained in trauma-informed investigations and how to refer cases involving humanitarian\npersonnel as perpetrators of SEA.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Adopt principles similar to those in the Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (EHF) template, specifically earmarking funding to\naddress discrimination against vulnerable groups such as women and girls. Replicate this approach across donor\nproposals to ensure focused and consistent funding for reducing discrimination. This can be linked to earmarked funding\nto promote localization to enhance access to affected areas/communities and contribute to sustainability of response.\n\n - Require all project proposals to include budget lines for PSEA including vetting of staff, training staff and frontline\nworkers, developing appropriate messaging for communities on SEA and accessible reporting mechanisms. Encourage\njoint reporting mechanisms to ensure sustainability and avoid duplication.\n\n - Ensure flexibility in funding to allow humanitarian organizations to adapt their programs to the changing needs on the\nground, particularly in response to emerging GBV issues. Including but not limited to economic empowerment activities.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "inclusion audits", - "confidence": 0.9216373562812805, - "start": 153, - "end": 155 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY", - "confidence": 0.6700057983398438, - "start": 188, - "end": 190 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable\ngroups", - "confidence": 0.6967245936393738, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n - Increase financial support to respond to GBV in Oromia, Amhara, Tigray, and Afar, strengthening one-stop centers that\nplay a crucial role in responding to GBV following a survivor-based approach. Safe houses, despite high costs, need to be\nprioritized, as well as women and girls\u2019 friendly spaces, which serve as entry points to accessing specialized GBV services\nincluding case management.\n\n - Support communities in social norm changes to destigmatize GBV. This involves campaigns and programs aimed at\nchanging attitudes, behaviors and practices that perpetuate GBV, fostering an environment where survivors feel safe to\nreport incidents and seek help.\n\n - Strengthen the capacity of staff attached to protection and health projects to deal with Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse.\n\n - Together with communities, develop age and gender-appropriate messaging on what constitutes SEA and accessible\nreporting channels, and actively pursue ways to identify and strengthen joint reporting mechanisms.\n\n##### RISK 4 Trafficking in persons, forced and child labour\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n - Ministry of Labour and Skills: Develop a Hazardous Activities Framework (HAF), detailing a list of tasks prohibited to all\nchildren under 18, including specifying the maximum allowed working hours for children of different age groups.\n\n - Ministries of Labour and Skills, of Education, and of Women and Social Affairs: Strengthen the enforcement of child labor\nlaws and the capacity of actors involved in monitoring the implementation of these laws, including through training and\nresourcing labor inspectors and establishing active referral and feedback mechanisms.\n\n - Allocate budget to enhance monitoring, advocacy, and referral pathways at the local level, especially in conflict-affected\nareas.\n\n - Develop or revise standards, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and guidelines by the National Committee on\ntrafficking to ensure consistent and effective implementation.\n\n - Follow up on the recommendations out of the three-day regional dialogue workshop to promote effective cross-border\ncase management for the protection, safe return, and sustainable reintegration of Ethiopian migrant children along the\neastern route was carried in Feb 2024 with the participation of four countries (Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen)\n\n - Engage in strong political collaboration with neighboring countries to reduce trafficking through joint monitoring and\nenforcement initiatives.\n\n - Implement state-level safeguarding policies that include mechanisms for children to identify traffickers and for\ncaseworkers to identify out-of-school children. Ensure robust support systems for these children to re-enter education\nand access necessary services.\n\n - Sign and implement **[the Safe Schools Declaration,](https://ssd.protectingeducation.org/)** ensuring that schools are exclusively used for educational purposes\nand are protected from any form of exploitation or misuse.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Allocate funding to enhance community-based protection committees and anti-trafficking committees by the end of\n2025, particularly in conflict-affected areas.\n\n - Support Ethiopia in the ongoing efforts to develop a national protection system to prevent TIP.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Collaborate with donors and the government to enhance community-based protection and anti-trafficking systems.\nFocus on building capacity, providing resources, and ensuring these systems are well-integrated with government efforts.\n\n - Provide comprehensive support services for children affected by trafficking and labor, including psychosocial support,\neducational reintegration programs, and safe spaces.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n - Ensure that IDP returns or relocations are voluntary, fully informed, and carried out in safety and dignity. Obstacles to\nreturn, such as insecurity, restricted access to services, and destroyed infrastructure, must be addressed to facilitate safe\nreturns.\n\n\nPage 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ETHIOPIA** | August 2024\n\n\n - Allocate resources to support the national ID registration program, ensuring that IDPs and returnees, especially in\nAmhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Oromia, Tigray, Afar, and Somali regions, receive ID cards.\n\n - Strengthen/rebuild systems for HLP rights to prevent conflicts in case of population movements and secondary\noccupation. Increase the involvement of peace actors in peacebuilding activities. Facilitate community dialogues,\nsessions, and discussions through the Ministry of Peace and regional peace and security offices, especially in Amhara,\nTigray, Benishangul Gumuz, Oromia, Afar, and Somali regions.\n\n - Finalize the domestication of the Kampala Convention and ensure the implementation of the IDP proclamation by the\nconcerned Ministries.\n\n - In the case of restrictions on movement and/or state of emergency imposed for security reasons, ensure that any such\nmeasures are justified and necessary.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Prioritize development funding in regions where returnees are resettling, particularly focusing on non-volatile areas to\nensure stability and sustainable development.\n\n - Fund programs that strengthen local community mechanisms for dispute resolution and resource sharing among IDPs,\nreturnees, and host communities.\n\n - Financial institutions like the African Development Bank, World Bank, and IMF: Support the government in its efforts to\nenforce good governance institutions, the rule of law, human rights and facilitate multi-stakeholder peacebuilding\ninitiatives.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n - Engage at all levels with concerned authorities to ensure that returns/relocations of IDPs are conducted in a principled\nmanner, respecting their rights, and ensuring their safety.\n\n - Strengthen early warning systems and protection monitoring to promptly address emerging threats and ensure the wellbeing of displaced populations.\n\n - Work closely with local governments and communities to support the implementation of peacebuilding activities and to\nprovide technical assistance to improve data management and documentation processes for IDPs.\n\n - Reinforce inter-agency and cluster collaboration, within the various pre-established coordination mechanisms and even\nbilaterally amongst humanitarian stakeholders.\n\n - Focus on the needs of women and women-headed households for legal assistance in HLP matters.\n\n\n**COMMUNITIES / COMMUNITY LEADERS**\n\n\n - Replicate good practices, such as preserving HLP rights for displaced individuals, thus preventing disputes over land or\nproperty upon their return.\n\n\nPage 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\ni Trend analysis based on the bi-monthly protection risks severity rating conducted at subnational level.\n\n\nii According to Human Rights Watch: \u201cUnder international humanitarian law, or the laws of war, the ongoing hostilities between Ethiopian\n[government forces and Fano militia in Amhara amounts to a non-international armed conflict.\u201d Human Rights Watch 07/2024, page 21.](https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/07/03/if-soldier-dies-its-you/attacks-medical-care-ethiopias-amhara-conflict)\n\n\niii As an example, in Finote Selam town, West Gojam zone, Amhara region, in April 2024 it was reported that: a grenade was thrown at a\npreparatory school, wounding at least 27 students; on the same day, an unidentified armed group stopped a car that was transporting\nwounded students to the hospital and abducted the driver, taking his car and leaving the injured students by the roadside; and, two days\nlater, another grenade was thrown by an unidentified person in Ehel Gebya market, injuring at least 27 civilians, most of them women\n[(EPO](https://epo.acleddata.com/2024/04/10/epo-weekly-update-9-april-2024/) Weekly Update 09/04/2024).\n\n\n[iv https://ims.unmas.org/portal/apps/dashboards/6614bfb9dffd4dbda94557781505ccdf](https://ims.unmas.org/portal/apps/dashboards/6614bfb9dffd4dbda94557781505ccdf)\n\n\n[v https://response.reliefweb.int/ethiopia/gender-based-violence-aor](https://response.reliefweb.int/ethiopia/gender-based-violence-aor)\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe analysis has been developed by the National Protection Cluster, in consultation with its sub-national protection\nclusters, Areas of Responsibility (AoR) of Child Protection, GBV and Mine Action, its Housing, Land and Property (HLP)\nWorking Group, members of the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) and Cluster\u2019s partners. It follows the Protection\nAnalytical Framework (PAF) endorsed by the Global Protection Cluster in April 2021. The analysis is based on qualitative\nand quantitative data gathered by the Cluster from its partners in the field, local and international NGOs, and UN\nagencies, as well as on expert knowledge and collection and qualitative analysis of open-source material thanks to\nsupport from the _PAF-DEEP Project: Strengthening Joint Protection Analysis and Processes in Protection Clusters._\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nThe analysis is not intended to be exhaustive. The complexity and scope of various shocks and protection concerns, rapid\ndevelopments on the ground, access restrictions, insecurity, and limited capacity \u2013 all hinder the ability of human rights\nand humanitarian actors to fully identify, monitor and assess all incidents and their related protection risks. This report\nmay therefore not cover all occurrences, but it rather draws attention to key protection concerns and trends as of August\n2024.\n\n\nFor further information please contact:\n\n\n**Rehema Miiro** [: miiro@unhcr.org](mailto:miiro@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Eleonora Sceusa** [: eleonora.sceusa@drc.ngo](mailto:eleonora.sceusa@drc.ngo)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cecab6f4-02c2-46b7-988d-c90a05e276a8/pau_ethiopia_august_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_857/raw/doc_857_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_857/raw/doc_857_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 33b36645c6981f7a477b6f7d4d081040e54ca827..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_857/raw/doc_857_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DU NIGER** **Analyse de Protection**\n### Mise \u00e0 jour des tendances en mati\u00e8re de conflits et de risques de protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\n#### **AO\u00dbT 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\n\nDepuis le mois de juin, les pays du Sahel, et notamment\nle Niger, subissent de fortes inondations qui ont fait des\ncentaines de morts et bless\u00e9s et de nombreux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\nLes inondations constituent une menace r\u00e9currente au\nNiger, exacerb\u00e9e par les changements climatiques\nglobaux \u2013 accentuant les besoins des populations et des\nressources n\u00e9cessaires pour la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire.\nSelon les donn\u00e9es statistiques du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action\nHumanitaire et de la Gestion des Catastrophes, au 30 juin\n2024, le nombre des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI)\na augment\u00e9, atteignant 507 438 personnes (dont 47%\nsont de sexe masculin et de 53% de sexe f\u00e9minin)\nr\u00e9parties en 91 003 m\u00e9nages. Les enfants repr\u00e9sentent\n59% des PDI.\n\n\n\nAu premier semestre 2024, 1 457 incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s, contre 1 831 pour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023. Le\nnombre de victimes a \u00e9galement diminu\u00e9, passant de 6\n631 \u00e0 3 277 contre 6 631 sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023.\nLes femmes, les enfants, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et celles vivant avec un handicap sont les plus affect\u00e9s par les incidents rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes besoins humanitaires au Niger continuent d\u2019augmenter, mais l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires est entrav\u00e9 par les\nrestrictions militaires, les risques d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et les menaces des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nLa d\u00e9gradation continue de l\u2019environnement de protection a des r\u00e9percussions n\u00e9gatives sur les conditions de vie des\npopulations, les poussant parfois \u00e0 adopter des strat\u00e9gies et comportements de survie n\u00e9gatifs, tels que le recours au sexe de\nsurvie, la prostitution des mineurs, les mariages pr\u00e9coces, le travail et l\u2019exploitation des enfants, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement dans les groupes\narm\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9gions les plus touch\u00e9es par les incidents de protection sont principalement Diffa et Tillab\u00e9ri, suivies de Tahoua et\nMaradi.\n\n\nLes risques de protection les plus saillants identifi\u00e9s sont les suivants class\u00e9s par ordre de criticit\u00e9 :\n\n**1.** **Mariage d\u2019enfants, mariage pr\u00e9coce ou mariage forc\u00e9.**\n**2.** **Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre.**\n**3.** **Attaques contre des civils et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et attaques contre des biens de caract\u00e8re civil.**\n**4.** **Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels.**\n**5.** **Abus psychologique/\u00e9motionnel ou d\u00e9tresse inflig\u00e9e.**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nFace \u00e0 cette situation il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019agir pour att\u00e9nuer les souffrances des populations par quelques actions urgentes et\nprioritaires, \u00e0 savoir :\n\n - Plaider aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s, \u00e0 tous les niveaux, pour un acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9 aux communaut\u00e9s y compris celles habitant\ndans les zones \u00e0 acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9.\n\n - Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s du Gouvernement pour une protection plus accrue des civils dans les zones affect\u00e9es\npar les conflits y compris le droit d\u2019aller et de venir en s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n - Renforcer la redevabilit\u00e9, la communication, la coordination, la collaboration, la synergie entre tous les acteurs\nhumanitaires d\u2019une part et d\u2019autres part avec les acteurs de la paix, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du d\u00e9veloppement pour une\nr\u00e9ponse holistique et efficace.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **CONTEXTE**\n\n**INCIDENTS DE**\n\n\n\n**NOMBRE DE VICTIMES** **INCIDENTS VBG** **PERSONNES DEPLACEES**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES DEPLACEES**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION** **SUITE AUX CONFLITS** **SUITE AUX**\n\n**INONDATIONS**\n## **1 457 3 277 1 085 269 632 37 913**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**SUITE AUX CONFLITS**\n\n\n\n**% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE** **% P\u00c9RIODE** **SOURCE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDonn\u00e9es de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024\n\nLe Niger continue de faire face \u00e0 la persistance des conflits arm\u00e9s dans principalement quatre r\u00e9gions (Tillab\u00e9ri, Diffa, Tahoua\nMaradi, des al\u00e9as climatiques (inondations, s\u00e9cheresses), et \u00e0 une situation humanitaire complexe et dynamique (\u00e9pid\u00e9mie,\nins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, malnutrition, mouvement de population). La pauvret\u00e9 chronique, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre, les injustices\nsociales, la pression d\u00e9mographique, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 structurelle croissante, et les tensions intercommunautaires, sont autant\nde facteurs qui exacerbent la crise et augmentent les besoins humanitaires. Par ailleurs, la poursuite des conflits au nord du\nNig\u00e9ria et dans la zone des trois fronti\u00e8res (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger) a pouss\u00e9 plus de 700 000 personnes, en majorit\u00e9 des\nfemmes et des enfants, en dehors de chez elles.\n\n\n**CONTEXTE POLITIQUE, S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET SOCIO\u00c9CONOMIQUE INSTABLE**\n\n\nLe contexte socio-politique du Niger a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par un changement \u00e0 la t\u00eate du pays intervenu le 26 juillet 2023 ; suivi par\nune crise politique ayant entra\u00een\u00e9e une suspension du Niger des institutions et organes de la CEDEAO et de l\u2019Union Africaine\net l\u2019imposition de sanctions par l\u2019Union Africaine. De plus, l\u2019Alliance des Etats Sahel (AES) a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e par les chefs d\u2019Etat des\ntrois pays (Burkina Faso, Mali et Niger) afin de faire face \u00e0 l\u2019isolement dont leurs pays font l\u2019objet de la part de la communaut\u00e9\ninternationale. Cette crise politique a engendr\u00e9 des d\u00e9fis \u00e9conomiques majeurs, avec des impacts sur l'acc\u00e8s aux services\nsociaux de base affectant durement la vie quotidienne des populations qui supportent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\net des al\u00e9as climatiques.\n\n\nLes prix de toutes les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 anormalement\n\u00e9lev\u00e9s. Le prix national moyen du mil en septembre 2023\n\u00e9tait 31% sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es\net 10% sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 septembre 2022. La fermeture des\nfronti\u00e8res a \u00e9galement entra\u00een\u00e9 la rupture de stocks de\nm\u00e9dicaments, ce qui a r\u00e9duit l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins et services\nde sant\u00e9 de milliers de personnes vuln\u00e9rables. De plus,\ncette situation a engendr\u00e9 la rupture d\u2019intrants essentiels\npour le traitement des cas de malnutrition aigu\u00eb mod\u00e9r\u00e9e\n(MAM). Le nombre d\u2019enfants en situation de MAM qui ne\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de prise en charge caus\u00e9e par ces ruptures\nest estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 117 738. Ceci pourrait glisser vers une\naugmentation estim\u00e9e de 40 000 enfants malnutris aigus\ns\u00e9v\u00e8res (MAS) au cours du dernier trimestre de 2023 ; effet\nqui a perdur\u00e9 au premier trimestre de 2024.\n\n\nLa rupture de fourniture de l'\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique a r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement les capacit\u00e9s de prise en charge des malades dans\nles structures sanitaires et a occasionn\u00e9 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s. L\u2019insuffisance de liquidit\u00e9 dans les banques a impact\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8rement les\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "acteurs qui fournissent des transferts mon\u00e9taires qui, du fait des restrictions au niveau des banques, ont rencontr\u00e9 des\ndifficult\u00e9s \u00e0 fournir l\u2019assistance mon\u00e9taire n\u00e9cessaire, privant ainsi des milliers de personnes vuln\u00e9rables de ressources vitales.\n\n\nL\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la flamb\u00e9e des prix de diff\u00e9rentes denr\u00e9es alimentaires ont \u00e9galement eu un impact sur la protection\ndes m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables exacerbant certains risques de protection y compris les mariages pr\u00e9coces/forc\u00e9s, les violences\nconjugales, le sexe de survie, le travail et l\u2019exploitation des enfants, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement des jeunes dans les groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques (GANE), les enl\u00e8vements de personnes et les extorsions de biens.\n\n\nL\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019activisme des GANE (pose d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s (EEI), braquages des missions humanitaires,\nenl\u00e8vements contre ran\u00e7on sur les acteurs humanitaires sur certains axes) et les violences perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s nourrissent la peur des populations et des acteurs humanitaires. Elles rendent la fourniture de l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire extr\u00eamement difficile dans certaines localit\u00e9s. L\u2019imposition des escortes arm\u00e9es pour les d\u00e9placements des\nacteurs humanitaires entrave l\u2019action humanitaire et limite les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019assistance des acteurs.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION** RISQUE 1 Mariage d\u2019enfants, mariage pr\u00e9coce ou mariage forc\u00e9\n\nLe mariage des enfants est reconnu comme un fardeau majeur dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu, avec de graves cons\u00e9quences sur\nle parcours de la vie des femmes. Cette situation est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 au Niger [i], o\u00f9 le taux de scolarisation des filles au coll\u00e8ge est\nfaible et le taux d'abandon scolaire est \u00e9lev\u00e9. Il faut noter, par ailleurs, que la l\u00e9gislation nationale autorise le mariage des\njeunes filles \u00e0 partir de 16 ans - l\u2019ONU ayant indiqu\u00e9 que le mariage pr\u00e9coce est \u00ab un probl\u00e8me de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au Niger \u00bb.\n\n\nSelon une \u00e9tude de la Banque Mondiale en date du 26 janvier 2024, 76% des femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 20 \u00e0 24 ans au Niger se sont\nmari\u00e9es avant l\u2019\u00e2ge de 18 ans et 28% avant l\u2019\u00e2ge de 15 ans. Le mariage des enfants a des cons\u00e9quences majeures sur les\ntrajectoires de vie des femmes, notamment une r\u00e9duction du niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la participation future au march\u00e9 du\ntravail, ainsi que des cons\u00e9quences importantes sur le plan de leur sant\u00e9. Le mariage pr\u00e9coce provoque des traumatismes\npsychologiques mais aussi physiques comme des fistules obst\u00e9tricales. L\u2019impact notoire est surtout l\u2019abandon de la scolarit\u00e9.\nUne fois mari\u00e9es, les filles abandonnent souvent l'\u00e9cole pour consacrer leur temps \u00e0 leurs nouvelles responsabilit\u00e9s\nm\u00e9nag\u00e8res.\n\n\nSelon l\u2019article 22 de la Constitution du Niger du 25 novembre 2010, l\u2019Etat veille \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9limination de toute forme de discrimination\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la femme, de la jeune fille et des personnes handicap\u00e9es. Il prend, en outre, les mesures de lutte contre les\nviolences faites aux femmes et aux enfants dans la vie publique et priv\u00e9e. Par ailleurs, le Niger s\u2019est engag\u00e9 lors du troisi\u00e8me\ncycle de l\u2019Examen P\u00e9riodique Universel en mai 2021 \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre 40 recommandations portant sp\u00e9cifiquement sur\nl\u2019\u00e9limination de toutes les pratiques pr\u00e9judiciables telles que les mariages d\u2019enfants, le mariage forc\u00e9 et les mutilations\ng\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines.\n\n\nD\u2019autres part, la faible r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s, la pauvret\u00e9 end\u00e9mique, la pression d\u00e9mographique galopante (taux de\ncroissance de la population de +3,8%), le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base et aux opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ne\nfont qu\u2019accentuer la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s, et notamment des femmes et des filles.\n\n\nUne \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par l\u2019Institut d\u2019Etude de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ISS) et le R\u00e9seau ouest-africain pour l\u2019\u00e9dification de la paix (WANEP) r\u00e9v\u00e8le\nque la crise s\u00e9curitaire repr\u00e9sente pour les filles et les femmes un important facteur d\u2019aggravation des violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre (VBG), d\u00e9j\u00e0 courantes en temps de paix. Les t\u00e9moignages recueillis indiquent qu\u2019au regard de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9e par\nla crise s\u00e9curitaire, le mariage des filles avant l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal minimum de 16 ans fix\u00e9 par la loi, constitue un m\u00e9canisme\nd\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatif pour les familles. Ces derni\u00e8res y recourent parfois pour limiter leurs charges financi\u00e8res, \u00e9tablir des\nalliances de protection, \u00e9viter les risques d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des filles par les GANE et les grossesses non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es.\n\n#### RISQUE 2 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 juin 2024, le syst\u00e8me GBVIMS a rapport\u00e9 un total de 1 048 incidents de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, contre 1\n193 incidents \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023, soit une diminution de 11% - ceci dans un contexte d\u2019acc\u00e8s difficile et de raret\u00e9 des\nservices de prise en charge qui r\u00e9duit fortement la prise en charge holistique des survivantes de VBG. La distribution par sexe\ndes cas de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024 dans l\u2019ensemble des quatre r\u00e9gions du Niger fait ressortir que 97% des victimes sont de sexe\nf\u00e9minin contre 3% de sexe masculin. La distribution par \u00e2ge des cas rapport\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juin 2024 des quatre r\u00e9gions\nd\u00e9nombre 766 cas pour les plus de 18 ans (71%) et 319 cas pour les moins de 18 ans (29%).\n\n\nLe profil des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs fait ressortir que 677 cas (70%) sont le fait de partenaires intimes, 153 cas (16%) du fait des\nautres membres de la famille, 112 cas (11%) du fait des parents/tuteur l\u00e9gal et 31 cas (3%) du fait d\u2019inconnu. Le pourcentage\nde victimes ayant re\u00e7u une prise en charge holistique par services essentiels se r\u00e9partit comme suit : 49% h\u00e9bergement, 20%\nen moyens de subsistance, 11% d\u2019appui psychosocial, 11% de service de sant\u00e9, 8% de justice et 1% en termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dans les quatre r\u00e9gions, malgr\u00e9 la diminution des cas de VBG par\nrapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, plusieurs cas de viol,\nd\u2019agressions sexuelles, d\u2019agressions physiques, et de d\u00e9ni de\nressources, de services et d'opportunit\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par\nles acteurs humanitaires et les services \u00e9tatiques.\n\n\nLa VBG touche principalement les femmes et les filles, qui\nconstituent donc des groupes \u00e0 risque au Niger. Les adolescentes\nsubissent une multitude de types et de manifestations convergentes\nde VBG, allant de la privation d'\u00e9ducation au mariage pr\u00e9coce et\nforc\u00e9. Cet \u00e9tat de fait est exacerb\u00e9 par la crise humanitaire\nmultiforme qui perdure dans un contexte socio-culturel o\u00f9 les\nnormes sociales limitent la promotion de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des genres. Les\nfilles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont plus expos\u00e9es aux risques de violence\nsexuelle/mariages pr\u00e9coces.\n\n\nSelon le Cluster Education, les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont un risque auquel sont expos\u00e9es les filles, dont 40 000 d\u2019entre\nelles ont une scolarit\u00e9 affect\u00e9e par la fermeture des \u00e9coles en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. De plus, les violences/abus sexuels et VBG\nsont le premier type de risque auquel sont expos\u00e9es les filles hors des centres de regroupement (mentionn\u00e9 par 28% des\ninformateurs cl\u00e9s du Cluster Education et 42% des informateurs cl\u00e9 de la protection de l\u2019enfance).\n\n\nLes violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre au Niger sont ancr\u00e9es dans les normes socioculturelles favorisant certains types de VBG\ncomme le mariage pr\u00e9coce (65% la pr\u00e9valence nationale en 2021 ENAFEM). Les conflits arm\u00e9s, le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9,\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, les inondations, les sanctions \u00e9conomiques exacerbent les risques de VBG. Les tendances de violences\nconjugales, de mariage forc\u00e9, le sexe pour la survie, les violences sexuelles, le d\u00e9ni de ressources pourraient accroitre les\nbesoins d\u2019interventions de pr\u00e9vention, d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de risques et de r\u00e9ponse aux VBG en 2024.\n\n\nUne strat\u00e9gie nationale de pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse VBG/PSEA a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2023 et sert de cadre d\u2019orientation\npour toutes les interventions VBG. Il existe \u00e9galement des structures communautaires dans toutes les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es sur\nlesquelles il est possible de s\u2019appuyer pour faire de la pr\u00e9vention. Les services de r\u00e9ponse VBG restent limit\u00e9s, ceci en plus des\ndifficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines localit\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe Niger, \u00e0 l\u2019instar du Burkina Faso et du Mali, est en proie \u00e0 une insurrection des groupes arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques (GANE)\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9s sur trois fronts : au nord-ouest, dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri et de Tahoua, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re entre le Mali et le Burkina\nFaso (crise Liptako-Gourma) ; \u00e0 l'est, dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa (crise du Lac Tchad) ; et au sud dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi, \u00e0 la\nfronti\u00e8re avec le Nigeria. L'augmentation des attaques contre les civils, notamment les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les membres des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil, est une pr\u00e9occupation majeure. Des enl\u00e8vements, des vols et des\nattaques meurtri\u00e8res perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des groupes arm\u00e9s (GA) sont signal\u00e9s presque quotidiennement. N\u00e9anmoins, on note au\npremier semestre 2024 une diminution des attaques contre les civils, des biens de caract\u00e8re civil et autres homicides ill\u00e9gaux\n( **1 339 cas** en 2024 par rapport **1 584** **cas** \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2023).\n\n\nCependant, la proportion des enfants victimes des incidents a augment\u00e9 de 9%, soit 408 enfants victimes en 2024 repr\u00e9sentant\n12% du total des victimes contre 3% (soit 108 enfants) victimes en 2023. Les enfants (en majorit\u00e9 les filles) sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9s par les incidents d\u2019enl\u00e8vement contre ran\u00e7ons. Des t\u00e9moignages confirment que les enfants sont\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "davantage cibl\u00e9s parce que les parents se soucieraient plus de leur lib\u00e9ration en payant la ran\u00e7on. De plus, les GANE enl\u00e8vent\ndavantage les filles pour les utiliser comme \u00e9pouses. Les agressions physiques, les coups et blessures, les assassinats et\nmeurtres sur les enfants sont en outre des incidents rapport\u00e9s qui affectent les enfants apr\u00e8s leurs enl\u00e8vements.\n\n\nLes exactions contre les civils ont engendr\u00e9 des conflits intercommunautaires \u00e0 cause de la stigmatisation fragilisant ainsi la\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale et augmentant l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019instabilit\u00e9. _Nombre d'incident par d\u00e9partement au 1er semestre_\nCes exactions ont \u00e9galement provoqu\u00e9 des mouvements\nmassifs de population, avec un total de 809 575\npersonnes en situation de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 (251 760\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 507 438 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, 50 377\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es) selon le Cluster Protection au 1er\nmars 2024. Pour sa part, le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action\nHumanitaire et de la Gestion des Catastrophes (MAH/GC)\na confirm\u00e9 507 438 personnes en situation de\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 (PDI) dans sept r\u00e9gions pour un total\nde 61 communes r\u00e9parties dans 33 d\u00e9partements.\n\n\nLa destruction des biens civils et des infrastructures\npubliques constitue un autre type de menace en mati\u00e8re\nde protection, les GANE ont parfois cibl\u00e9s les\ninfrastructures sanitaires \u00e0 travers des enl\u00e8vements de\npersonnel m\u00e9dical, des attaques d\u2019ambulance, le pillage des centres sanitaires et la destruction des infrastructures scolaires.\nIls ont \u00e9galement br\u00fbl\u00e9 des maisons, des b\u00e2timents d\u2019entreposage de nourriture, des centres de sant\u00e9, des salles de classe,\ndes centres de formation, des mairies et des stations t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques. Lorsque ces b\u00e2timents sont incendi\u00e9s, les civils perdent\nnon seulement les r\u00e9serves de nourriture de leurs r\u00e9coltes, dont ils ont besoin pour survivre, mais aussi leurs effets personnels\net l\u2019argent gard\u00e9 dans leurs maisons.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\nLe vol et l\u2019extorsion de biens constitue l\u2019un des pr\u00e9judices les plus importants pour les populations civiles au Niger. Les GANE\ns\u2019emparent principalement du b\u00e9tail des \u00e9leveurs, impactant ainsi consid\u00e9rablement leurs moyens de subsistance. Ils pillent\net/ou br\u00fblent \u00e9galement les biens des villageois, notamment leurs r\u00e9coltes agricoles, leurs t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables, leur argent\net leurs motos. Ces actes ont lieu sur les routes ou dans les villages.\n\n\nL\u2019extorsion pr\u00e9sente des cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques et sociales graves pour les populations. Elle affecte les activit\u00e9s\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus des m\u00e9nages et prive les populations de leurs ressources alimentaires. Selon le Center for Civilians in\nConflict (CIVIC), dans les d\u00e9partements d\u2019Abala, Ouallam, T\u00e9ra et Torodi, les communaut\u00e9s ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les cas de vols et\nd\u2019extorsions de biens ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. L\u2019impact sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie et les possibilit\u00e9s limit\u00e9es de mener des\nactivit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus ont pouss\u00e9 les hommes \u00e0 se rendre dans les centres villes. Les revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le travail\ndans des zones s\u00fbres permettent \u00e0 ces hommes de s\u2019occuper de leurs familles rest\u00e9es dans les zones touch\u00e9es par le conflit.\nCependant, cet exode rural forc\u00e9 entra\u00eene la s\u00e9paration des familles, accentue la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des individus et les expose \u00e0 de\nnouveaux risques en mati\u00e8re de protection.\n\n\nL\u2019imposition ill\u00e9gale de la \u00ab zak\u00e2t \u00bb est un acte d\u2019extorsion qui s\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 au Sahel avec l\u2019\u00e9mergence du conflit li\u00e9 aux\nactivit\u00e9s des GANE. La zak\u00e2t est une taxe ill\u00e9gale que les \u00e9leveurs sont oblig\u00e9s de payer aux GANE pour obtenir une protection.\nCes actes entra\u00eenent des cons\u00e9quences graves pour la protection des civils et leurs moyens de subsistance, car le b\u00e9tail est\nessentiel \u00e0 la subsistance des \u00e9leveurs. Les GANE imposent le paiement de cette taxe aux chefs de famille ou \u00e0 des villages\nentiers selon un calcul bas\u00e9 sur le nombre de t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail. Cette taxe peut \u00eatre per\u00e7ue plusieurs fois par an ou, dans certaines\nr\u00e9gions, annuellement. La fr\u00e9quence et le processus de taxation d\u00e9pendent de la pratique impos\u00e9e par le groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L\u2019imposition ill\u00e9gale prive les populations de leurs biens et de leurs ressources et cr\u00e9e un climat de peur au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Au nom de cette taxation, les incidents de pillage de b\u00e9tails, d'incendies de stocks de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, de march\u00e9s et\nde boutiques se sont multipli\u00e9s poussant les populations \u00e0 migrer vers d\u2019autres lieux plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9s. Certains d\u00e9placements\nforc\u00e9s font suite \u00e0 des violences entre des groupes d\u2019autod\u00e9fense oppos\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques qui font pression\nsur les populations de quitter leurs maisons.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, on observe, sur les sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, une absence de documents de s\u00e9curisation fonci\u00e8re qui contraint\ncertains m\u00e9nages \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9guerpis des aires qu\u2019ils habitent ou qu\u2019ils am\u00e9nagent pour cultiver. En effet, il y a un risque accru\nde menaces d\u2019\u00e9viction lorsque les m\u00e9nages occupent spontan\u00e9ment des espaces sans autorisation.\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Abus psychologique/\u00e9motionnel ou d\u00e9tresse inflig\u00e9e\n\n\nLa sant\u00e9 mentale demeure une pr\u00e9occupation aussi bien pour les populations affect\u00e9es par les chocs que pour le personnel\nde sant\u00e9 \u0153uvrant dans les zones fragiles. L\u2019OMS estime qu\u2019une personne sur cinq en situation d\u2019urgence humanitaire aura un\ntrouble mental.\n\n\nLa crise s\u00e9curitaire et les mouvements de population affectent n\u00e9gativement la sant\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s en r\u00e9duisant l\u2019acc\u00e8s\naux soins et services de sant\u00e9, la sant\u00e9 de la reproduction, et leur sant\u00e9 mentale. La cons\u00e9quence directe est l\u2019augmentation\nde la morbidit\u00e9 et la mortalit\u00e9 maternelle, infanto-juv\u00e9nile et de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, la situation humanitaire et s\u00e9curitaire ainsi que les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s ou pr\u00e9ventifs des populations ont un\nimpact particuli\u00e8rement n\u00e9gatif sur le bien \u00eatre individuel et sociocommunautaire des enfants (qui repr\u00e9sentent 59% des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes), et ce notamment dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri. Les conflits et leurs\ncorolaires (s\u00e9paration d\u2019avec les parents, d\u00e9c\u00e8s des parents, abandon, viol, s\u00e9questration, torture, enl\u00e8vement et violence en\ntout genre) affectent les enfants psychologiquement. On estime que la moiti\u00e9 des enfants en situation de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9\nont besoin d\u2019un soutien psychosocial en raison des \u00e9pisodes de violences des GANE et des conditions de vie pr\u00e9caires dans les\nzones de d\u00e9placement. Dans les d\u00e9partements \u00e0 s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 (Bosso, Diffa, N\u2019Guigmi, Goudoumaria, Guidan Roumdji, T\u00e9ra,\nBankilar\u00e9, Ayorou, Torodi, Banibangou, Tilla), les enfants sont expos\u00e9s et/ou sont victimes des risques de s\u00e9paration familiale,\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement, de violences physiques, \u00e9motionnelles et sexuelles, de dangers et blessures, d\u2019exposition aux EEI, du travail\nd\u2019enfants et de mariages pr\u00e9coces. Les violences que subissent les populations sont \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019origine de blessures\nphysiques et de troubles post-traumatiques, particuli\u00e8rement graves chez les femmes. La destruction des infrastructures de\nsant\u00e9 et les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux m\u00e9dicaments par les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es augmentent leurs troubles \u00e9motionnels.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\nPROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION\n\n\nLe secteur de la protection estime \u00e0 **1 769 000 de personnes dans le besoin** . Environ **920 000 personnes sont cibl\u00e9es** par\nles activit\u00e9s de protection pour un budget estim\u00e9 \u00e0 **76,7 millions US** autour de **57 projets** . Au premier trimestre 2024,\n49 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 atteintes (53% de femmes et 47% d\u2019hommes), soit un taux de r\u00e9alisation de 5%.\n\n\nAu premier semestre, _**l\u2019AoR protection de l\u2019enfance**_ a obtenu un taux de r\u00e9alisation de 28,42%, soit 174 201 personnes\natteintes (dont 85 110 enfants).\n\n\nDans le cadre de la r\u00e9ponse _**l\u2019AoR VBG**_ et ses membres au cours de ce semestre ont soutenu 1 404 survivants de VBG parmi\nlesquelles 97% de femmes, 3% d\u2019hommes.\n\n\n_**Le Groupe de travail LTB**_ a continu\u00e9 de soutenir le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action Humanitaire pour la concr\u00e9tisation de la strat\u00e9gie\nsolution durables pour les PDI, sp\u00e9cialement sur la facilitation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et au logement \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ry et Maradi.\n\n\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\nLes nouvelles autorit\u00e9s du pays ont pris un ensemble de mesures (restrictions bureaucratiques et administratives), qui a\nr\u00e9duit la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux personnes affect\u00e9es dans, surtout dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri et\nMaradi. Certaines de ces mesures imposent des restrictions aux mouvements des organisations humanitaires dans les zones\nd\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires tandis que d\u2019autres imposent l\u2019utilisation d\u2019escortes arm\u00e9es aux acteurs humanitaires en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et\nplus sp\u00e9cifiquement aux personnels expatri\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, dans certaines r\u00e9gions comme Tahoua, les acteurs humanitaires\nfont face \u00e0 des restrictions en termes d\u2019acc\u00e8s impos\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les restrictions\nadministratives accentuent les d\u00e9fis humanitaires de plus en plus complexes. N\u00e9anmoins, gr\u00e2ce aux efforts de plaidoyer\nmen\u00e9s par OCHA et l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays, les autorit\u00e9s ont r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une lev\u00e9e de l\u2019imposition de l\u2019escorte\npour les employ\u00e9s nationaux des organisations humanitaires. Il est toutefois essentiel de maintenir le dialogue avec les\nautorit\u00e9s \u00e0 tous les niveaux (national et r\u00e9gional), continuer \u00e0 envoyer les chronogrammes des missions aux FDS \u00e0 travers\nOCHA, respecter les consignes s\u00e9curitaires conform\u00e9ment aux discussions avec les FDS et d\u00e9velopper des strat\u00e9gies\nalternatives, comme celles qui consistent \u00e0 donner l\u2019assistance dans les zones s\u00e9curis\u00e9es comme la commune de Diffa.\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nDepuis novembre 2023, les **interventions**\nhumanitaires sur les **engins explosifs** au\nNiger ont pris fin en raison de la\nfermeture des programmes de UNMAS,\nfaute de financement. Malgr\u00e9 cela, des\nONGs comme MAG et HI, ainsi que la\nCommission Nationale pour le Contr\u00f4le et\nla Collecte des Armes Illicites (CNCCAI) qui\nest une structure \u00e9tatique, ont continu\u00e9\nleurs activit\u00e9s. Depuis le changement de\ncontexte politique, la collecte et la\ndiffusion des informations sur les EEI\ns\u2019av\u00e8rent malgr\u00e9 l\u2019augmentation des\nrisques li\u00e9s aux EEI sont en augmentation\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et de Tillab\u00e9ri.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RECOMMANDATIONS** RISQUE 1 Mariage d\u2019enfants, mariage pr\u00e9coce ou mariage forc\u00e9\n\n**AUTORITES NATIONALES**\n\n\n - Cr\u00e9er des internats dans les \u00e9coles en vue d'accro\u00eetre les chances de r\u00e9ussite des jeunes filles \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole.\n\n - Accompagner les familles dans le d\u00e9veloppement des initiatives visant l\u2019autonomisation \u00e9conomiques des femmes et\ndes filles afin qu\u2019elles puissent subvenir durablement \u00e0 leurs besoins et \u00eatre loin des risques de violences.\n\n\n**CORDONNATEUR HUMANITAIRE et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n - Mener une action de plaidoyer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019adoption du code p\u00e9nal en prenant en compte toutes les insuffisances\nconstat\u00e9es dans la l\u00e9gislation actuelle, notamment l\u2019\u00e2ge du mariage des filles, et sa p\u00e9nalisation.\n\n - Sensibiliser les leaders coutumiers et religieux sur les cons\u00e9quences du mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9.\n\n - Effectuer un plaidoyer intersectoriel (AoR VBG et autres secteurs \u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9) contre le mariage des enfants.\n\n - Prioriser les actions de pr\u00e9vention du mariage des enfants.\n\n - Renforcer la diffusion des messages de sensibilisation \u00e0 la PSEA.\n\n#### RISQUE 2 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre\n\n\n**DONATEURS**\n\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile en plaidoyer pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration et l\u2019adoption des lois sp\u00e9cifiques contre les\nVBG.\n\n - Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des ONGs locales aux financements humanitaires en assouplissant les conditions de leur octroi, en\nparticulier les organisations dirig\u00e9es par des femmes et celles d\u00e9fendant les droits des femmes et des filles en\nsituations d\u2019urgence.\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s techniques des acteurs VBG, pour assurer des services de qualit\u00e9 conformes aux normes et\nprincipes directeurs, ainsi que de soutenir l'insertion des jeunes filles non scolaris\u00e9es.\n\n - Faire le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l'Etat et des parlementaires pour la promulgation d\u2019un code de la famille ou d'une loi\nd\u00e9terminant l\u2019\u00e2ge au mariage \u00e0 au moins 18 ans r\u00e9volus\n\n\n**AUTORITES NATIONALES**\n\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des services techniques de l\u2019Etat pour disposer de ressources humaines comp\u00e9tentes et\ndisponibles pour une meilleure coordination conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie nationale VBG et son plan d\u2019action 2024.\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des services \u00e9tatiques en mati\u00e8re de VBG pour offrir une assistance multisectorielle d\u2019urgence\nde qualit\u00e9.\n\n\n**AUTORITES NATIONALES**\n\n\n - Former l\u2019arm\u00e9e sur la protection des civils incluant le Droit International Humanitaire (DIH).\n\n - Garantir que les mesures visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir et minimiser les pertes civiles soient int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans la planification et la\nconduite des op\u00e9rations militaires de mani\u00e8re efficiente.\n\n\n**PARTENAIRES**\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Identifier les meilleures pratiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019efforts d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des dommages caus\u00e9s aux civils.\n\n - Am\u00e9liorer les infrastructures d\u2019apprentissage, les kits \u00e9ducatifs, le soutien psychosocial, l\u2019apprentissage \u00e0 distance.\n\n - Organiser des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisations sur la protection en milieu scolaire.\n\n - Organiser des sessions de sensibilisation sur l\u2019importance de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et le maintien des enfants, notamment des\nfilles, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des enseignants.\n\n#### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion, expulsion forc\u00e9e ou destruction de biens personnels\n\n\n**AUTORITES NATIONALES**\n\n\n - Offrir syst\u00e9matiquement un abri aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, en organisant et en prot\u00e9geant les camps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019il\ns\u2019agit de l\u2019option privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e par les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ; et en am\u00e9liorer les conditions de retour des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es, notamment en assurant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la mise en place d\u2019infrastructures dans leur lieu d\u2019origine.\n\n - Encourager les initiatives locales de r\u00e9solution des conflits entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n - Identifier et traiter les probl\u00e8mes de durabilit\u00e9 des structures de paix locales et de leurs actions en faveur de la\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale et de la r\u00e9solution des conflits communautaires.\n\n - Offrir une assistance multisectorielle d\u2019urgence aux populations affect\u00e9es dans les zones \u00e0 risque.\n\n - Assurer la mise en \u0153uvre de la strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables pour les PDIs notamment l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et aux\nlogements.\n\n\n**PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n - Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et renforcer les actions de solutions durables en faveurs de PDI pour une int\u00e9gration locale, relocalisation\net un retour conform\u00e9ment aux garanties de la strat\u00e9gie nationale des solutions durables.\n\n - Sensibiliser les autorit\u00e9s locales et les services techniques de l\u2019\u00c9tat au respect effectif de la Loi n\u00b0 2018-74 du 10\nd\u00e9cembre 2018 relative \u00e0 la protection et \u00e0 l\u2019assistance aux PDI au Niger.\n\n#### RISQUE 5 Abus psychologique/\u00e9motionnel ou d\u00e9tresse inflig\u00e9e\n\n\n**PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n - D\u00e9ployer des \u00e9quipes de protection \u00e0 Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua, et Tillab\u00e9ry pour assurer le monitoring de protection, la\ngestion des cas de protection et le soutien psychosocial.\n\n - Agir d\u2019urgence et de fa\u00e7on coordonn\u00e9e sur le monitoring de protection de l\u2019enfant, le soutien psychosocial, la gestion\ndes cas pour les enfants affect\u00e9s (ENA/ES, EAFGA, enfants victimes et \u00e0 risques de protection).\n\n - Mettre en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s telles que des \u00e9quipes mobiles form\u00e9es en sant\u00e9 mentale pour apporter un soutien\npsychosocial (SMSPS) et de sensibilisation aux population affect\u00e9es se trouvant dans les quatre r\u00e9gions cit\u00e9es cidessus, et au minimum pour une p\u00e9riode d\u2019une ann\u00e9e.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin.**\n\n\n_i \u201c65% Enqu\u00eate Nationale sur la F\u00e9condit\u00e9 et la Mortalit\u00e9 des Enfants de moins de 5 ans (ENAFEM) 2021_\n_[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Reliefweb. Niger \u2013 Apercu des besoins et plqn de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire \u2013 Clister Sant\u00e9 (March, 1 2024)](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-apercu-des-besoins-et-plan-de-reponse-humanitaire-cluster-sante-march-1-2024)_\n_[REACH Initiative. Reliefweb. M\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9ponse rapide (RRM) : R\u00e9bublique du Niger Apercu \u2013 F\u00e9vrier, 2024.](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/mecanisme-de-reponse-rapide-rrm-republique-du-niger-apercu-mars-2024)_\n_[M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res. Migration : les politiques europ\u00e9ennes encouragent la brutalit\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique envers les migrants, 23/02/2024.](https://www.msf.fr/actualites/migration-les-politiques-europeennes-encouragent-la-brutalite-systematique-envers-les-migrants)_\n_[UNICEF, Reliefweb. Niger Humanitarian Situation Report No. 4: reporting Period, 1](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/unicef-niger-humanitarian-situation-report-no-4-reporting-period-1-january-31-december-2023)_ _[st]_ _January to 31 December 2023. 07/02/2024_\n\n\n\n\n\n**Groupe de Travail**\n**Logements, Terres et Biens**\n\n**NIGER**\n\n\n\n**Sous cluster**\n**Lutte Anti-Mines**\n\n**NIGER**\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter :\n**Samira El Mouden:** robertss@unhcr.org| **Daniel Bernard Thiombiano:** daniel.thiombiano@drc.ngo\n\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/346ca127-bc00-4ba0-9e5a-c68b1ad1a59e/pau_niger_protection_cluster_niger_september_2024_version_revu_le_04.10.24_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_858/raw/doc_858_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_858/raw/doc_858_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fd73d21069ac471a3b064b78384b2762d247d477..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_858/raw/doc_858_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** **Analyse de Protection**\n### Situation de protection au Sud Kivu dans le contexte du retrait de la MONUSCO\n\n###### **MARS 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLe Sud Kivu est au centre de multiples crises superpos\u00e9es et\nr\u00e9currentes, marqu\u00e9es par des conflits intra et intercommunautaires.\n\n\nL\u2019intensification des affrontements avec la crise du M23 au Nord Kivu\na exacerb\u00e9 la situation de protection au Sud Kivu, en causant des\nd\u00e9placements massifs de populations vers le territoire de Kalehe, et\nen reconfigurant les alliances entre groupes arm\u00e9s et leur\nremobilisation. En d\u00e9cembre 2023, le Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations\nUnies a renouvel\u00e9 le mandat de la MONUSCO jusqu\u2019au 31 d\u00e9cembre\n2024, tout en consacrant son retrait progressif, responsable et\ndurable, \u00e0 commencer par son retrait du Sud-Kivu d\u2019ici la fin avril 2024\n(pour les bases de la MONUSCO Force).\n\n\nCe retrait de la MONUSCO aura un impact sur la protection des civils\ny compris les populations affect\u00e9es, si des mesures ad\u00e9quates ne sont\npas prises en amont du retrait. Le nombre d\u2019actes de violence et\nd\u2019attaques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es men\u00e9es contre des civils a augment\u00e9 au cours\ndes derniers mois et risque de s\u2019aggraver avec le d\u00e9part imminent de\nla MONUSCO. Les risques de protection n\u00e9cessitant une attention\nimm\u00e9diate au cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse sont les\nsuivants :\n\n\n**1.** **Attaques contre les civils et autres atteintes aux droits \u00e0**\n\n**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique**\n**2.** **Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre**\n**3.** **Recrutement et utilisation des enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s**\n**4.** **D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et entrave \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement**\n**5.** **D\u00e9tresse mentale et psychosociale caus\u00e9e par les actes de violence**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\nDes actions urgentes sont n\u00e9cessaires afin d\u2019assurer la protection des civils dans le contexte du retrait de la MONUSCO :\n\n- Renforcer la pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9ploiement des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense nationales\npr\u00e9alablement form\u00e9es et engag\u00e9es au respect du droit international, et dot\u00e9es d\u2019un minimum d\u2019\u00e9quipements logistique,\net de moyens de survie.\n\n- Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le transfert du syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte et de r\u00e9ponse rapide ainsi que des m\u00e9canismes communautaires et de\ncoordination de protection de la MONUSCO aux acteurs humanitaires et \u00e9tatiques pertinents (Protection civile, Cluster\nProtection, Croix Rouge Congolaise, Commission Nationale des Droits de l\u2019Homme etc).\n\n- Mettre en place un cadre de coop\u00e9ration assurant un \u00e9change entre les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u00e9fense nationale et les\nhumanitaires pour discuter des questions li\u00e9es, entre autres, \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et \u00e0 la protection des civils, et plus\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n**MISE \u00c0 JOUR RELATIVE \u00c0 LA GRAVIT\u00c9 DES RISQUES DE PROTECTION | DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MODERE|Col2|SEVERE|CRITIQUE|CATASTROPHIQUE|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba,
Miti-Murheza, Uvira, Bagira
Nyantende|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba,
Miti-Murheza, Uvira, Bagira
Nyantende|Shabunda,Kalonge, Walungu,
Nyangezi, Lemera, Mwana|Kalole, Kitutu, Kamituga,
Itombwe, Mulungu,
Mubumbano, Ruzizi, Bunyakiri|Minova, Kaniola, Lulingu,
Mwenga, Hauts Plateaux,
Nundu, Fizi, Kimbi Lulenge,
Minembwe, Kalehe|\n|\u00c9VOLUTION DE LA GRAVIT\u00c9 PAR RAPPORT \u00c0 L\u2019ANALYSE PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENTE|\u00c9VOLUTION DE LA GRAVIT\u00c9 PAR RAPPORT \u00c0 L\u2019ANALYSE PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENTE|\u00c9VOLUTION DE LA GRAVIT\u00c9 PAR RAPPORT \u00c0 L\u2019ANALYSE PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENTE|\u00c9VOLUTION DE LA GRAVIT\u00c9 PAR RAPPORT \u00c0 L\u2019ANALYSE PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENTE|\u00c9VOLUTION DE LA GRAVIT\u00c9 PAR RAPPORT \u00c0 L\u2019ANALYSE PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENTE|\n|**AUGMENTATION15**|Minova, Kalehe, Bunyakiri, Fizi, Nundu, Minembwe, Kimbi-Lulenge, Uvira, Ruzizi, Lemera, Kamituga, Kitutu,
Mubumbano, Itombwe, Hauts Plateaux|Minova, Kalehe, Bunyakiri, Fizi, Nundu, Minembwe, Kimbi-Lulenge, Uvira, Ruzizi, Lemera, Kamituga, Kitutu,
Mubumbano, Itombwe, Hauts Plateaux|Minova, Kalehe, Bunyakiri, Fizi, Nundu, Minembwe, Kimbi-Lulenge, Uvira, Ruzizi, Lemera, Kamituga, Kitutu,
Mubumbano, Itombwe, Hauts Plateaux|Minova, Kalehe, Bunyakiri, Fizi, Nundu, Minembwe, Kimbi-Lulenge, Uvira, Ruzizi, Lemera, Kamituga, Kitutu,
Mubumbano, Itombwe, Hauts Plateaux|\n|**STABILIT\u00c9**
**17**|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba, Miti-Murheza, Bagira, Nyantende, Shabunda,Kalonge, Walungu, Nyangezi,
Mwana, Kalole, Mulungu, Kaniola, Lulingu, Mwenga|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba, Miti-Murheza, Bagira, Nyantende, Shabunda,Kalonge, Walungu, Nyangezi,
Mwana, Kalole, Mulungu, Kaniola, Lulingu, Mwenga|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba, Miti-Murheza, Bagira, Nyantende, Shabunda,Kalonge, Walungu, Nyangezi,
Mwana, Kalole, Mulungu, Kaniola, Lulingu, Mwenga|Idjwi, Katana, Kabare, Kaziba, Miti-Murheza, Bagira, Nyantende, Shabunda,Kalonge, Walungu, Nyangezi,
Mwana, Kalole, Mulungu, Kaniola, Lulingu, Mwenga|\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n**ATTEINTES A**\n**INCIDENTS DE VBG** **PDI ET RETOURNES**\n**L\u2019INTEGRITE PHYSIQUE**\n\n\n\n**ENFANTS ASSOCIES**\n\n**AUX FORCES ET**\n**GROUPES ARMES**\n\n\n\n**ATTEINTES A LA LIBERTE**\n\n\n## **13,268 13,796 1,78 M 550 14,310**\n\n**% ANN\u00c9E** **% ANN\u00c9E** **% ANN\u00c9E** **% ANN\u00c9E** **% ANN\u00c9E**\n\n\n+126% +7 % 5 % +50 % +109 %\n\n\nLe Sud Kivu est affect\u00e9 par des conflits r\u00e9currents entre une multitude\nd\u2019acteurs incluant de nombreux groupes arm\u00e9s (nationaux et\n\u00e9trangers) et des forces arm\u00e9es tant nationales qu\u2019\u00e9trang\u00e8res,\nr\u00e9sultant en affrontements violents entre diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s,\ndes milices communautaires ou d\u2019autod\u00e9fense, souvent motiv\u00e9s par le\nd\u00e9sir de contr\u00f4ler des territoires et/ou d'exploiter illicitement des\nressources naturelles..\n\n\nLes tensions intercommunautaires et identitaires, exacerb\u00e9es par des\nconflits fonciers et des luttes de pouvoir coutumier, m\u00e8nent \u00e0 des\naffrontements entre communaut\u00e9s, aggrav\u00e9es par des enjeux de\ncontr\u00f4le territorial et d'acc\u00e8s aux ressources. Les divergences sur\nl'utilisation des terres et les transactions fonci\u00e8res par des chefs\ncoutumiers alimentent ces discordes. L'implication de milices et de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans ces luttes accentue un cycle de violence, affectant\ngravement la coexistence et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 locale et mettant en lumi\u00e8re la\ncomplexit\u00e9 des probl\u00e9matiques politiques et identitaires de la r\u00e9gion.\n\u00c0 la suite des derniers d\u00e9veloppements de la crise du M23 au Nord\nKivu, le Sud Kivu, et surtout le territoire de Kalehe, a \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9 par\ndes afflux massifs de populations exacerbant la crise de protection\naffectant la population.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2023, le nombre total de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes (PDIs)\natteignait 1.55 millions d\u2019individus dans le Sud Kivu contre 1.36 million\nun an auparavant (augmentation de 14% des PDIs). [i] En plus du d\u00e9placement interne, le Sud Kivu h\u00e9berge aussi 88,423 refugi\u00e9s\ndont 43% [ii] sont dans des camps, ce qui rend la situation humanitaire et de protection encore plus complexe.\n\n\nEn plus des conflits, les catastrophes naturelles, notamment les inondations, les glissements de terrain et tremblements de\nterre, sont caract\u00e9ristiques de la situation humanitaire du Sud-Kivu. [iii] Ces crises de protection ont des cons\u00e9quences\nhumanitaires sur d\u2019autres secteurs notamment la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, AME/Abris, EHA, Sant\u00e9, Nutrition et Education,\naggravant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations locales. Le risque d\u2019exacerbation de cette situation de protection, d\u00e9j\u00e0 critique avec\nle retrait prochain de la MONUSCO, est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9.\n\n\nCette analyse porte sur la situation de protection en lien avec les conflits arm\u00e9s et intercommunautaires qui pr\u00e9vaut dans la\nprovince du Sud-Kivu, en particulier dans les territoires de Shabunda, Mwenga, Fizi, Kalehe et Uvira, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par une forte\npr\u00e9sence des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**INTENSIFICATION INQUIETANTE DE RIVALIT\u00c9S INTERCOMMUNAUTAIRES PR\u00c9EXISTANTES**\n\n\nAu Sud Kivu, les enjeux fonciers, de lutte pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles et au pouvoir politique ou coutumier\ns\u2019entrem\u00ealent avec des rivalit\u00e9s ethniques et/ou communautaires.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\nDepuis le mois de f\u00e9vrier 2023 qui \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par la mobilisation des groupes arm\u00e9s locaux pour soutenir les FARDC engag\u00e9es\ndans des op\u00e9rations au Nord-Kivu face au M23, des tensions se sont aggrav\u00e9es entre les communaut\u00e9s locales auxquelles sont\nidentifi\u00e9s ces groupes. Le rapprochement de ces groupes des zones de concentration des populations civiles a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e de la tension dans des villages, surtout suite aux actes de repr\u00e9sailles r\u00e9ciproques commis par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de ces groupes contre des civils suppos\u00e9es appartenir \u00e0 des communaut\u00e9s oppos\u00e9es aux leurs. En novembre et\nd\u00e9cembre 2023, ces tensions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7ues dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi entre les Barundi et les Bafuliru \u00e0 Bwegera, dans le\nsecteur d\u2019Itombwe \u00e0 Mikenge, \u00e0 Kitupu (Mwenga) entre Banyamulenge et les Bembe, Fuliru et Nyindu r\u00e9unis et dans les Hauts\net Moyens Plateaux de Mubugu, Ziralo et Buzi (Kalehe) entre Tembo et Hutu. La fracture communautaire dans cette zone est\ntellement grande que les diff\u00e9rentes attaques des groupes et autres acteurs arm\u00e9s contre certaines communaut\u00e9s sont\nmen\u00e9es sur fonds de discours de haine m\u00eal\u00e9s aux tentatives de n\u00e9gation de citoyennet\u00e9 \u00e0 une partie de la population.\n\n\nEn plus des groupes et acteurs arm\u00e9s nationaux, on note la pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e9trangers (Ex-FNL et\nRed Tabara, tous deux en provenance du Burundi). Ces groupes ont nou\u00e9 des alliances avec certains groupes locaux, y compris\ndans la conduite des attaques contre les populations civiles et les groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux. Cette situation est aggrav\u00e9e par la\nlibre circulation des armes dans le territoire d\u2019Uvira, favoris\u00e9e par la porosit\u00e9 de la fronti\u00e8re avec le Burundi, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nl\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s nationaux et \u00e9trangers le long de cette fronti\u00e8re.\n\n\nLes conflits fonciers et les conflits entre \u00e9leveurs et agriculteurs alimentent les conflits intercommunautaires dans le territoire\nde Kalehe. Dans les groupements des Mubugu, Kalima, Ziralo et Buzi (Kalehe), la multiplicit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 base\ncommunautaire ainsi que les tensions entre les communaut\u00e9s dont l\u2019activit\u00e9 principale est l\u2019\u00e9levage et celles dont la majorit\u00e9\nsont des agriculteurs -autour de l\u2019enjeu li\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9limitation des terres de p\u00e2turage qui empi\u00e8tent sur les champs de culture\nendommageant ainsi les productions agricoles - repr\u00e9sentent des facteurs pouvant entrainer la d\u00e9gradation de la coh\u00e9sion\nsociale entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe territoire de Kalehe (localit\u00e9 de Chaminunu), est \u00e9galement affect\u00e9 par un conflit entre les peuples autochtones (\u00ab PA \u00bb,\ncommun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9s \u00ab pygm\u00e9es \u00bb) et le Parc National de la Kahuzi Biega (PNKB). L\u2019origine du conflit repose sur l'occupation\npar les PA des terres du PNKB et l\u2019exploitation de ses minerais. En octobre 2021, le gouvernement provincial avait donn\u00e9\nl\u2019ordre aux PA de quitter le PNKB alors \u00e9rig\u00e9 en patrimoine mondial. Les PA ne voulant pas obtemp\u00e9rer, le gouvernement\nprovincial a autoris\u00e9 les FARDC, avec l'appui du PNKB, \u00e0 intervenir pour les faire d\u00e9guerpir de force et ainsi lib\u00e9rer le site. \u00c0 la\nsuite de l\u2019op\u00e9ration conjointe entre FARDC et PNKB contre les PA habitant dans le parc, le conflit s\u2019est cristallis\u00e9, avec des\naffrontements qui ont entrain\u00e9 des cas d\u2019incendies de maison, cas de meurtre, coups et blessures, etc.\n\n\nCons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces affrontements, des centaines de familles pygm\u00e9es se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers les autres villages\n(Katasomwa, Lijiwe et sur la partie littorale (Kasheke)). En revanche, un retour progressif des m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s est en train\nd\u2019\u00eatre observ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du Parc. Aujourd\u2019hui, ce conflit semble s\u2019enliser malgr\u00e9 les menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur ces populations\nd\u00e9termin\u00e9es \u00e0 ne pas quitter cet espace. De nombreuses s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation pour parvenir \u00e0 un consensus ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nmen\u00e9es, aussi bien par les structures \u00e9tatiques que par des organisations humanitaires, mais sans succ\u00e8s r\u00e9el.\n\n\n**LUTTE POUR LE CONTROLE DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES NOTAMMENT MINIERE.**\n\n\nEn plus des rivalit\u00e9s intercommunautaires, les groupes arm\u00e9s du Sud Kivu sont aussi motiv\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9dation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et\nsp\u00e9cialement par une comp\u00e9tition pour le contr\u00f4le des carr\u00e9s miniers, autour desquels de nombreux affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s.\n\n\nL\u2019institut de recherche IPIS a r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 814 sites miniers r\u00e9partis dans les diff\u00e9rents territoires du Sud Kivu dont 352\nconnaissent des interf\u00e9rences avec les groupes arm\u00e9s. [iv]\n\n\nL\u2018implication des groupes arm\u00e9s dans l\u2019exploitation des mines se manifeste de multiples fa\u00e7ons. Tout d\u2019abord, dans un objectif\nd\u2019exploitation directe des mines afin de financer les activit\u00e9s du groupe arm\u00e9. Ce fut notamment le cas lors des affrontements\nsignal\u00e9s \u00e0 Bwangama, groupement de Bamuguba Sud/ Shabunda entre deux factions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 (Raiya Mutomboki\nKafuma d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 et Bozi de l\u2019autre) le 29 janvier 2024. Ces deux groupes se disputeraient le contr\u00f4le des sites miniers de\nKasela et Lwamba. Une centaine de m\u00e9nages auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement, trois civils enlev\u00e9s et des biens de valeur\nemport\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, certains exploitants miniers et contrebandiers de produits miniers recourent \u00e9galement aux groupes\narm\u00e9s pour prot\u00e9ger leurs activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\nDans le cadre de l\u2019exploitation semi-industrialis\u00e9e de l\u2019or dans le\nterritoire de Mwenga, l\u2019Institut de recherche IPIS a clairement\n\u00e9tabli des liens entre la privatisation des services de la police et\nde l\u2019arm\u00e9e pour assurer la protection de ce type de sites miniers,\nles attaques par les miliciens des sites miniers et leurs alentours\nainsi que l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui r\u00e9sulte de la destruction des moyens de\nsubsistance de la population locale. [v] En effet, les agriculteurs et\np\u00eacheurs travaillant dans et aux abords des sites miniers sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s par les risques d\u2019\u00e9viction forc\u00e9e par les\nforces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en charge de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des sites. Ceci\naccentue la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations locales et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux\nressources.\n\n\nEn plus d\u2019attiser l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s, l\u2019exploitation\nmini\u00e8re affecte aussi la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Des conflits locaux\nnaissent entre les communaut\u00e9s locales et les acteurs miniers\nsemi-industriels en raison des effets n\u00e9fastes de leurs activit\u00e9s\nsur l\u2019environnement, mais \u00e9galement leur manque de\ncontribution au d\u00e9veloppement local. Dans le territoire de\nMwenga affect\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence du secteur minier semiindustriel, \u00ab _un lourd tribut est pay\u00e9 en termes de coh\u00e9sion_\n_sociale, car l'exploitation semi-industrielle de l'or cr\u00e9e de_\n_profondes divisions au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale et dresse les_\n_chefs traditionnels contre leurs propres populations. Il existe_\n_donc un risque de r\u00e8glement de comptes par les populations_\n_m\u00e9contentes, dans lequel les milices locales peuvent devenir_\n_actives._ \u00bb [vi]\n\n\nLes ressources mini\u00e8res et foresti\u00e8res du territoire de Shabunda constituent \u00e9galement une source de convoitise pour les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s (diverses factions de Raiya Mutomboki et Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef de la faction Kabala), qui profitent de son enclavement, ne\npermettant pas aux services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019y exercer un contr\u00f4le administratif effectif. Les civils restent donc confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la\nnuisance de ces groupes arm\u00e9s [vii] dans les localit\u00e9s autour des diff\u00e9rents sites miniers de la Chefferie de Bakisi (territoire de\nShabunda). [viii] Ces acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques commettent des exactions contre les civils engag\u00e9s dans l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re\nartisanale (extorsions de biens et enl\u00e8vements contre les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res). Cette situation pousse les habitants de la r\u00e9gion\nau d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 vers d\u2019autres zones, accentuant ainsi leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\n\n\n**IMPLICATION DES ACTEURS ARMES ETRANGERS.**\n\n\nEn plus des groupes et acteurs arm\u00e9s nationaux, on note la pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e9trangers (Ex-FNL et\nRed Tabara tous deux en provenance du Burundi). Ces groupes ont nou\u00e9 des alliances avec certains groupes locaux, y compris\ndans la conduite des attaques contre les populations civiles et les groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux. Dans le souci de pacifier ces zones, le\ngouvernement congolais s\u2019est appuy\u00e9 sur les Forces de D\u00e9fense Nationales du Burundi (FDNB) dont le d\u00e9ploiement est\nintervenu depuis le 15 ao\u00fbt 2022 (sur la base d\u2019accords avec le gouvernement burundais).\n\n\nPlus r\u00e9cemment, la ligne de front des affrontements entre le M23 et les FARDC & alli\u00e9s s\u2019est progressivement rapproch\u00e9e du\nSud Kivu. Si ces affrontements d\u00e9bordent dans la province, on observera probablement l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019autres Forces Arm\u00e9es\n\u00e9trang\u00e8res dans le Sud Kivu, notamment les troupes de la _Southern African Development Community_ (SADC) qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0\npr\u00e9sentes sur le th\u00e9\u00e2tre des op\u00e9rations au Nord Kivu, en appui aux FARDC.\n\n\nLes op\u00e9rations militaires impliquant les forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res dans un contexte de conflits identitaires complexifie\ndavantage la situation de protection et renforce la volatilit\u00e9 du contexte s\u00e9curitaire. En effet, les premi\u00e8res op\u00e9rations\nconjointes FARDC-FDN dans le triangle Uvira, Fizi, Mwenga a conduit \u00e0 des reconfigurations et renforcement des alliances\nentre les groupes arm\u00e9s sur base communautaire. Parmi ces groupes arm\u00e9s, on compte les Mai Mai actifs pour la d\u00e9fense des\nint\u00e9r\u00eats des communaut\u00e9s Bembe, Fuliru et Nyindu ; les groupes Gumino et Twigwaneho pour le compte des Banyamulenge.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\nLes contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s dans certaines zones de repli des groupes arm\u00e9s, par exemple dans les Hauts et Moyens Plateaux\nhandicapent les op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC-Arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res, ce qui est souvent exploit\u00e9 par les groupes arm\u00e9s cibl\u00e9s qui\nmultiplient les attaques contre des populations civiles en guise de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\nIl convient de rappeler que la province du Sud Kivu h\u00e9berge des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s burundais, pour qui les op\u00e9rations militaires\nimpliquant l\u2019arm\u00e9e burundaise sont plus per\u00e7ues comme porteuses de menaces que de protection.\n\n\n**PERSPECTIVE DU RETRAIT DE LA MONUSCO ET SON IMPACT SUR LA PROTECTION DES CIVILS.**\n\n\nLe retrait d\u00e9finitif de la Force MONUSCO pr\u00e9vu pour fin avril 2024 risque d\u2019augmenter le nombre de poches d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans\nla province si des mesures de mitigation ne sont pas rapidement mises en place. Les zones qui seront le plus directement\naffect\u00e9es par la fermeture prochaine de ses bases sont Minembwe et Mushimbake (Fizi), Mikenge (Mwenga), Kagando (Uvira),\nBunyakiri (Kalehe).\n\n\nAlors que la pr\u00e9sence de la MONUSCO a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le dissuasif face aux vell\u00e9it\u00e9s de certains groupes arm\u00e9s dans certaines\nzones, son retrait risque d\u2019exposer les populations \u00e0 de nouvelles attaques et repr\u00e9sailles contre les civils, surtout si aucune\npr\u00e9sence de la police nationale ou des forces arm\u00e9es n\u2019est mobilis\u00e9e dans la zone. Cette situation a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e lors de\nla fermeture de certaines bases, dont celles de Bijombo dans les Hauts Plateaux [ix] . Cette localit\u00e9 a vu une prolif\u00e9ration\nd\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s et une explosion de menaces contre les civils, suite \u00e0 la fermeture de la base MONUSCO en f\u00e9vrier 2023. En\nexemple on peut citer l\u2019attaque du site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 Bijombo le 28 f\u00e9vrier 2023 par le groupe arm\u00e9 Gumino, qui a entrain\u00e9\nde nombreux pillages [x] . Ces attaques ont aussi affect\u00e9 les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient de la protection gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des\ncasques bleus \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des sites spontan\u00e9s.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, m\u00eame le d\u00e9ploiement des forces nationales (FARDC ou Police) doit \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e de la formation et\nsensibilisation de celles-ci au respect et \u00e0 la protection du droit international humanitaire et des droits humains. Entre la date\nde la fermeture de la base MONUSCO de Bijombo le 18 f\u00e9vrier 2023 et fin mars 2023, de nombreuses violations des droits ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 commises dans la localit\u00e9 notamment par les FARDC (ex : arrestations arbitraires accompagn\u00e9es de traitements inhumains,\ntortures, coups et blessures et taxes ill\u00e9gales). [xi]\n\n\nDe plus, le d\u00e9part de la MONUSCO menace de r\u00e9duire la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse rapide aux incidences graves de protection des\ncivils assur\u00e9e par des syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce et des m\u00e9canismes de protection communautaires \u00e9tablis par la MONUSCO,\ntels que les Assistants de Liaison communautaire (CLA) et les Comit\u00e9s Locaux de Protection (CLP), pivots de la r\u00e9ponse aux\nmenaces de protection. Sans mesures pour maintenir ces acquis, la protection des civils risque de se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer davantage. Le\nCluster Protection s\u2019est engag\u00e9 activement dans le processus de transfert facilit\u00e9 par la MONUSCO des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes\npr\u00e9coces vers la Protection Civile et \u00e0 travers un plan de r\u00e9ponse provincial d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par la COHP au Sud Kivu qui vise \u00e0\naugmenter les capacit\u00e9s de protection \u00e0 base communautaire.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION** RISQUE 1 Attaques contre des civils et autres atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\n\n\nLa population du Sud Kivu vit dans un contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection tendu, qui l\u2019expose constamment \u00e0 des violations\net abus des droits humains. La multiplicit\u00e9 des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 base communautaire ainsi que la proximit\u00e9 entre les membres\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s et les civils dans certains villages constituent un risque imminent de protection des civils.\n\n\n\nL\u2019ensemble des territoires du Sud Kivu affect\u00e9s\npar la crise ont observ\u00e9 une augmentation\nsignificative du nombre d\u2019attaques contre les\ncivils et autres atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\nau courant de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023. Cette\naugmentation est particuli\u00e8rement significative\nlors de la deuxi\u00e8me partie de l\u2019ann\u00e9e [xii] . Le\nnombre de cas de meurtres durant le dernier\nsemestre 2023 \u00e9tait de 132, repr\u00e9sentant une\naugmentation de 67% par rapport au semestre\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUne large majorit\u00e9 des victimes des attaques\ncontre les civils et autres atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique (meurtre/assassinats, coups et blessures, tortures etc.) sont des hommes adultes, tandis que les femmes et filles\nrepr\u00e9sentent 22% des victimes lors du dernier trimestre 2023. Les principales victimes de ces violations sont les r\u00e9sidents euxm\u00eames (39% des victimes) tandis que les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et les retourn\u00e9s sont \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s affect\u00e9s par cette situation.\n\n\nLes sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ont \u00e9galement fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs attaques au courant de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023 notamment \u00e0 Lumbi (site\nspontan\u00e9 en territoire de Fizi octobre et novembre 2023) Malicha (septembre 2023), Bijombo (f\u00e9vrier 2023) et Mikenge (f\u00e9vrier\n2023), tandis que le retrait de la MONUSCO et la fermeture de bases comme Bijombo augmentent les risques de violence et\nles violations des droits par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, augmentant ainsi le risque d\u2019attaques et atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, y\ncompris les attaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\nDe plus, on peut \u00e9galement souligner l\u2019accentuation de la crise de confiance qui existe entre les populations et les FARDC. A\nl\u2019heure actuelle, tant les membres des groupes arm\u00e9s, que certains militaires FARDC et PNC, devant assurer la protection des\ncivils et de leurs biens, s\u2019illustrent par des exactions contre les citoyens \u00e0 travers des coups et blessures, mutilations, tortures\net traitements inhumains mais \u00e9galement par des cas d\u2019homicides. Les diff\u00e9rentes factions des groupes arm\u00e9s Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef ont\ncommis \u00e0 eux seuls 55% de ces violations durant cette derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode [xiii] . Les forces arm\u00e9es et la police nationale viennent\nen deuxi\u00e8me position et sont tenus pour responsables de 13% des violations des droits \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique commises au Sud\nKivu durant le dernier trimestre 2023.\n\n\nAu regard des nombreuses menaces que repr\u00e9sentent ces groupes vis-\u00e0-vis des civils, ces derniers sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreux\nrisques, surtout pendant le d\u00e9placement d\u2019une zone \u00e0 une autre en fuyant les affrontements et/ou op\u00e9rations mais aussi lors\nde la qu\u00eate de moyens de survie dans les champs, march\u00e9s et carr\u00e9s miniers. Il s\u2019agit notamment des risques d\u2019enl\u00e8vements,\nviols, travaux forc\u00e9s, meurtres etc. Cette situation accentue leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\n\n\nDans les zones de combats des Hauts Plateaux ainsi que dans les autres localit\u00e9s de la partie littorale \u00e0 faible couverture\ns\u00e9curitaire, la vie des civils reste confront\u00e9e aux menaces des hommes arm\u00e9s. Les civils sont de potentielles victimes des\naffrontements qui opposent des groupes arm\u00e9s aux FARDC dans les zones habit\u00e9es par les populations civiles entre les forces\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8res et les groupes arm\u00e9s dans les zones occup\u00e9es par la population. Par ailleurs, la circulation ill\u00e9gale des armes li\u00e9e \u00e0\nla porosit\u00e9 frontali\u00e8re contribue \u00e0 cette ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 aboutissant \u00e0 des assassinats cibl\u00e9s suite aux r\u00e8glements de conflits sociaux,\nfonciers, \u00e9conomiques et des accusations fond\u00e9es sur la sorcellerie.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### RISQUE 2 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n\nEn 2023, le Domaine de\nResponsabilit\u00e9 Violences\nBas\u00e9es sur le Genre (GBV AoR)\na document\u00e9 13,796 cas de\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\ndans la province du Sud Kivu.\nLes territoires de Fizi (3,285\ncas), Kalehe (2,218 cas), Uvira\n(2,191 cas) et Mwenga (2,127\ncas) sont ceux ayant enregistr\u00e9\nplus de cas de VBG au cours de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n\nLes principaux auteurs de VBG\ndans la province restent les\ndiff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s commettant \u00e0\neux seuls environ 34% des VBG\ndans la zone au courant de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023, tandis que les\nforces officielles (FARDC et\nPNC) repr\u00e9sentent 17% des\nauteurs de ces violations.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes femmes et filles (90% des\nsurvivantes rapport\u00e9es) issues\ndes communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes et retourn\u00e9es ainsi\nque de la population h\u00f4te sont les principales victimes de ces violations. Des cas de viols par les membres de la communaut\u00e9\nd\u2019accueil en \u00e9change de services, du logement ou d\u2019une petite somme d\u2019argent ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s autant dans le territoire de\nKalehe, Fizi, Uvira, Shabunda et Mwenga.\n\n\nL\u2019arriv\u00e9e de vagues successives de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans le territoire de **Kalehe** (Groupements de Mubugu, Buzi, Ziralo et\nBitale), en provenance du Nord-Kivu suite \u00e0 la crise M23 ainsi que l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par la mobilisation des groupes arm\u00e9s\nlocaux depuis f\u00e9vrier 2023 ont eu un impact n\u00e9gatif sur l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire de la zone mais aussi au niveau socio\u00e9conomique. En effet, suite \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones de ravitaillement, il s\u2019observe \u00e0 Minova, Kitembo, Numbi, Lulere et\nautres villages (zones de d\u00e9placement) la p\u00e9nurie des denr\u00e9es alimentaires coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 la hausse des prix sur les march\u00e9s locaux.\nCette situation augmente le niveau de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et serait \u00e9galement \u00e0 la base de la hausse des cas de VBG \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des\nfemmes et filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, notamment celles h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans les familles d\u2019accueil en groupements de Buzi et Ziralo. Les\nconditions de vie difficiles des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les villages d\u2019accueil conduisent les femmes et les filles \u00e0 la pratique du sexe de\nsurvie. Ceci entraine des risques suppl\u00e9mentaires de grossesses pr\u00e9coces et non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, et de maladies.\n\n\nLa perspective de progression du M23 vers le Sud Kivu pourrait conduire \u00e0 de nouveaux d\u00e9placements vers de nouvelles zones\nainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019accentuation des besoins et/ou vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, ce qui aurait pour cons\u00e9quence\nl\u2019aggravation de la situation de protection, y inclus une augmentation des VBG.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 les efforts des acteurs VBG pour apporter des r\u00e9ponses aux besoins des survivants et \u00e0 mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes\nde mitigation et de protection contre les VBG, de grands d\u00e9fis subsistent pour endiguer le risque de violences sexuelles et\nautres violations VBG. Il s\u2019agit notamment de l\u2019impunit\u00e9 quasi g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, l\u2019absence de m\u00e9canismes ad\u00e9quats de pr\u00e9vention,\nl\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 dans certaines zones suites \u00e0 des contraintes s\u00e9curitaires et/ou logistiques, l\u2019insuffisance de services de qualit\u00e9\nen faveur des victimes ainsi que les difficult\u00e9s de r\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique des survivantes de violences sexuelles.\n\n\nLa loi n\u00b022/065 du 26 d\u00e9cembre 2022 fixant les principes fondamentaux relatifs \u00e0 la protection, \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration des victimes\ndes violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits et des victimes des crimes contre la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'humanit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9e\nen d\u00e9cembre 2022. Elle fixe le cadre normatif qui institue le Fonds national de r\u00e9paration des victimes des violences sexuelles\net autres crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9 (FONAREV) [xiv] . Au niveau du Sud-Kivu, une conf\u00e9rence d\u00e9bat sur le th\u00e8me : _\u00ab le fonds_\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\n_national de r\u00e9paration des victimes des violences sexuelles et autres contre la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 \u00bb, a eu lieu \u00e0_\n_Bukavu en novembre 2023._\n\n\nLe retrait de la MONUSCO et la r\u00e9duction des capacit\u00e9s du Bureau conjoint des Nations Unies aux droits de l'homme (BCNUDH),\nnotamment par la fermeture de son bureau dans le territoire d\u2019Uvira fortement affect\u00e9 par les VBG, repr\u00e9sentent des\ntournants critiques pour la protection des populations vuln\u00e9rables en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), en particulier\npour celles expos\u00e9es aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG), y compris les violences sexuelles. Le BCNUDH a \u00e9t\u00e9 crucial dans\nle suivi des violations des droits de l'homme et dans la lutte contre l'impunit\u00e9, en documentant les cas de VBG et en appuyant\nles processus judiciaires pour tenir les auteurs responsables. La fermeture de son bureau \u00e0 Uvira signifie une diminution des\ncapacit\u00e9s de suivi et d\u2019action en justice dans une r\u00e9gion d\u00e9j\u00e0 fortement touch\u00e9e par les conflits et les violences. Cela pourrait\nr\u00e9duire les possibilit\u00e9s de poursuites judiciaires contre les auteurs de violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre, laissant les\nvictimes sans recours pour la justice et la r\u00e9paration.\n\n###### RISQUE 3 Recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\nAvec plus de 130 groupes arm\u00e9s actifs identifi\u00e9s au Sud Kivu [xv], les affrontements engendrent des d\u00e9placements de populations\nimpactant les enfants, expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des risques de s\u00e9paration familiale. Par ailleurs, les enfants sont particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s\npar l\u2019impact du conflit en \u00e9tant expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la violence et l\u2019exploitation, y compris sexuelles, ainsi qu\u2019au risque de violations\ngraves commises par les parties au conflit [xvi], en particulier le recrutement et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants. Cette violation constitue\nune violation majeure des droits humains et du droit international humanitaire. Les enfants impliqu\u00e9s subissent des violences\net traumatismes, impactant leur vie, d\u00e9stabilisant les communaut\u00e9s, provoquant des d\u00e9placements et nuisant \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion\nsociale.\n\n\nEn 2023, plus de 550 cas de recrutement et d\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es au Sud Kivu par les\nNations Unies, \u00e0 travers le M\u00e9canisme de surveillance et de communication de l\u2019information (MRM), repr\u00e9sentant plus de 60%\ndes violations graves \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019enfants v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es au Sud Kivu. Plus de 90% des violations graves v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es dans le territoire\nde Kalehe en 2023 sont des cas de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants. Cette violation grave \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019enfants repr\u00e9sente\nplus de 70% des violations graves v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e0 Fizi, et plus de 50% des violations graves v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e0 Uvira et Shabunda.\n\n\nLe nombre de cas de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants a augment\u00e9 de plus de 50% entre 2022 et 2023 dans la province.\nCette tendance est particuli\u00e8rement inqui\u00e9tante, d\u2019autant plus que la dynamique li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019auto-proclamation des groupes arm\u00e9s\ncomme _Wazalendo_ (patriote en fran\u00e7ais), particuli\u00e8rement dans le territoire de Kalehe, nuit/impacte les efforts de pr\u00e9vention\net d\u2019engagement avec les groupes arm\u00e9s pour la lib\u00e9ration des enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s, qui tirent parti du statut\nde patriote pour davantage recruter et \u00e9tendre leur influence et activit\u00e9s dans la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis des communaut\u00e9s [xvii] .\n\n\nC\u2019est dans ce contexte que s\u2019inscrit le d\u00e9part de la MONUSCO et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques de protection des enfants\nli\u00e9s notamment \u00e0 l\u2019engagement avec les parties au conflit pour la lib\u00e9ration des enfants et les moniteurs de protection de\nl\u2019enfant \u00e9tablis par la MONUSCO durant sa pr\u00e9sence au Sud Kivu. Par ailleurs, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie nationale du\nProgramme de D\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement communautaire et stabilisation (P-DDRCS), il convient que les\nenfants soient au centre du programme.\n\n###### RISQUE 4 D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et entraves \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements de populations au Sud-Kivu ont affect\u00e9 1,55 million de personnes, avec une augmentation notable de 10%\ndepuis 2022, impactant principalement les territoires de Kalehe et Fizi. Ces d\u00e9placements ont de profondes r\u00e9percussions sur\nla protection, la coh\u00e9sion sociale, l\u2019\u00e9conomie, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services humanitaires, exacerbant les tensions fonci\u00e8res\net mettant les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil sous pression. La situation de protection est aggrav\u00e9e notamment suite aux conditions\npr\u00e9caires et la promiscuit\u00e9 que le d\u00e9placement engendre, augmentant ainsi les risques de VBG ainsi que les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance notamment la s\u00e9paration familiale et autres violations graves contre les droits de l\u2019enfant.\n\n\nDans le contexte du Sud Kivu, le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 est parall\u00e8le \u00e0 la limitation de la libert\u00e9 de mouvement. Certaines\ncommunaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es ont \u00e0 plusieurs reprises \u00e9t\u00e9 soumises \u00e0 une situation de quasi-enclave, ne pouvant pas quitter leurs\nlieux de d\u00e9placement pourtant en perp\u00e9tuel risque d\u2019attaque. Il en est ainsi des communaut\u00e9s Banyamulenge de Bibokoboko\nqui ne peuvent pas circuler librement sur la route Baraka-Uvira. Depuis 2023, des initiatives de coh\u00e9sion sociale ont permis\naux membres de cette communaut\u00e9 de se d\u00e9placer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Baraka pour des approvisionnements et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux autres services.\n\n\nDes restrictions de mouvements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es dans plusieurs autres cas, contre des cat\u00e9gories sp\u00e9cifiques. Il s\u2019agit par\nexemple de la restriction de mouvement faite par une faction du groupe arm\u00e9 Raiya Mutomboki Kafuma contre des civils\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes venus de Shabunda et qui sont en d\u00e9placement \u00e0 Luntukulu (Territoire de Walungu) de f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\n2023. Ces hommes leur reprochaient le fait d\u2019avoir fourni des renseignements aux forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FARDC)\nsur leur localisation. Il en est de m\u00eame de la restriction faite par le m\u00eame groupe contre les femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes venues\nde Shabunda et qui vivent \u00e0 Ngando, Kisogo, Nyabalume (Territoire de Mwenga) depuis mai 2023. Il \u00e9tait reproch\u00e9 \u00e0 ces\nfemmes d\u2019avoir fourni des renseignements \u00e0 la justice congolaise sur des cas de viol, enl\u00e8vement et autres abus commis par\nle groupe arm\u00e9 Raiya Mutomboki Ndarumanga en territoire de Shabunda.\n\n\nLa libert\u00e9 de mouvement est aussi entrav\u00e9e par les diff\u00e9rentes barri\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur des routes par des groupes arm\u00e9s\nou par des Forces nationales de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Sur ces barri\u00e8res s\u2019enregistrent plusieurs cas d\u2019extorsion des biens et\nde taxation ill\u00e9gale.\n\n\n\nPlusieurs cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s durant l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023. Selon les\ndonn\u00e9es du SAR/HCR, 1,859 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements\nou disparitions forc\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s au\ncourant du 2 [\u00e8me] semestre 2023, affectant\nessentiellement les hommes (81% des victimes)\net les gar\u00e7ons (10%), issus autant de la\npopulation locale que d\u00e9plac\u00e9e. Le territoire de\nShabunda est particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9 par ce\nprobl\u00e8me. Les principaux auteurs sont les Mayi\nMayi (pour 77% des cas).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDe m\u00eame les arrestations arbitraires et\n\n4568 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s touchant 23% de\nfemmes et 77% d\u2019hommes. Les Mayi Mayi ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s comme auteurs de 60% de ces cas abus tandis que la partie\n\u00e9tatique (FARDC, PNC et ANR) serait tenue pour responsable d\u2019environ 25% des cas.\n\n###### RISQUE 5 D\u00e9tresse mentale et psychosociale caus\u00e9e par les actes de violence\n\n\nL'exposition prolong\u00e9e \u00e0 la violence dans les zones de conflit a des r\u00e9percussions profondes et souvent durables sur la sant\u00e9\nmentale et psychosociale des individus, avec des effets particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9vastateurs chez les femmes, les enfants et les\njeunes. Ces groupes sont non seulement les plus vuln\u00e9rables aux abus et \u00e0 l'exploitation dans ces contextes mais aussi les plus\nsusceptibles de subir des cons\u00e9quences psychologiques graves et de longue dur\u00e9e en raison de leur exposition r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e \u00e0 la\nviolence, y compris le recrutement forc\u00e9 par des groupes arm\u00e9s et les d\u00e9placements massifs de populations. Chez les enfants,\nl'exposition \u00e0 la violence et le d\u00e9placement peuvent perturber leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9motionnel et cognitif, affectant leur\n\u00e9ducation, leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des relations saines et leur bien-\u00eatre \u00e0 long terme.\n\n\nLe recrutement forc\u00e9 dans les groupes arm\u00e9s et les d\u00e9placements de populations ne sont pas seulement des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes qui\nperturbent la vie des individus et des communaut\u00e9s sur le moment, ils ont \u00e9galement un impact prolong\u00e9 sur la sant\u00e9 mentale\ndes survivants. Le recrutement forc\u00e9, en particulier, peut laisser des s\u00e9quelles psychologiques profondes dues \u00e0 la violence\nv\u00e9cue et/ou exerc\u00e9e, \u00e0 la perte de l'enfance et \u00e0 l'isolement social et familial. Les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s, quant \u00e0 eux, entra\u00eenent\nune perte de rep\u00e8res, d'identit\u00e9 et de communaut\u00e9, exacerbant le sentiment de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Par ailleurs, la\npr\u00e9sence mena\u00e7ante de groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des installations m\u00e9dicales et sanitaires aggrave encore la situation. Ces\ngroupes peuvent restreindre l'acc\u00e8s aux soins en occupant ou en attaquant des infrastructures de sant\u00e9, en intimidant le\npersonnel m\u00e9dical et les patients, ou en d\u00e9tournant des ressources essentielles. Cette compromission de l'acc\u00e8s aux services\nde sant\u00e9 essentiels est une violation du droit international humanitaire et des droits de l'homme, privant les individus affect\u00e9s\npar le conflit de soins m\u00e9dicaux et de soutien psychosocial n\u00e9cessaires.\n\n\nCette situation n\u00e9cessite une r\u00e9ponse multidimensionnelle qui va au-del\u00e0 de la fourniture de soins de sant\u00e9 mentale et\npsychosociaux. Il est imp\u00e9ratif de restaurer l'acc\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9 aux services de sant\u00e9, d'int\u00e9grer le soutien psychosocial dans\ntous les aspects de l'aide humanitaire, de promouvoir le respect du droit international humanitaire pour prot\u00e9ger les civils et\nles infrastructures de sant\u00e9, et de mettre en place des programmes sp\u00e9cifiques visant \u00e0 soutenir les groupes les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables, notamment les femmes, les enfants et les jeunes.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nEn 2023, **31 partenaires** de protection ont rapport\u00e9 avoir r\u00e9pondu aux besoins de protection d\u2019environ 52,57% des\npersonnes cibl\u00e9es au Sud Kivu, soit 348,787 personnes sur les 1,48 millions de personnes en besoin dans le Sud Kivu. Parmi\nles **348,787 personnes atteintes, (40% d\u2019hommes, 60% de femmes, 49% d\u2019enfants, 4% de personnes avec handicap, 12%**\n**de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es)** **[xviii]** **.**\n\n\nLes services de r\u00e9ponses offerts \u00e9taient la pr\u00e9vention, r\u00e9ponse et prise en charge VBG, la r\u00e9unification familiale, l\u2019assistance\npsychosociale, le monitoring de protection. Au courant de 2023, 13,383 survivantes de VBG ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une prise en\ncharge m\u00e9dicale. Cependant, seulement 50% sont arriv\u00e9s aux structures m\u00e9dicales end\u00e9ans 72 heures.\n\n\nBien que des activit\u00e9s de cohabitation pacifique et coh\u00e9sion sociale aient eu lieu, celles-ci restent clairement insuffisante\nface aux besoins dans la province et difficiles \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre au regard de la situation s\u00e9curitaire.\n**D\u00c9FIS ET ACTIONS LI\u00c9S \u00c0 L\u2019ACC\u00c8S**\n\n**INCIDENTS AFFECTANT L\u2019ACCES HUMANITAIRE**\n#### **25**\n\n\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire constitue un d\u00e9fi majeur dans la mise en \u0153uvre\ndes activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019assistance aux populations dans le besoin.\nD\u2019une part, les contraintes d\u2019acc\u00e8s physique handicapent\ngravement l\u2019acc\u00e8s des acteurs humanitaires aux personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables, et pour ces derni\u00e8res, \u00e0 l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\nD\u2019autre part, la situation s\u00e9curitaire alarmante ne permet pas aux\nhumanitaires de se d\u00e9placer ais\u00e9ment. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, la\nMONUSCO repr\u00e9sentait un acteur central dans la question de\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, facilitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s d\u2019un point de vue logistique et\ns\u00e9curitaire. Son retrait de la zone pr\u00e9vu pour le mois d\u2019avril remet\nen question cet acc\u00e8s d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9caire. Si aucune mesure de mitigation\nn\u2019est prise, ce retrait risque d\u2019exacerber la crise humanitaire d\u00e9j\u00e0\ngrave et d\u2019entraver l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019assistance humanitaire\ndans certaines zones notamment les zones de sant\u00e9 de Bunyakiri \u00e0\nKalehe, Minembwe et Mushimbake \u00e0 Fizi, Kagando et Kavinvira \u00e0\nUvira.\n\n\n**LACUNES CRITIQUES DANS LE FINANCEMENT ET LA POPULATION TOUCH\u00c9E**\n\n\nPar manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s, peu d\u2019acteurs interviennent dans les zones en besoin au\nvu des co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s li\u00e9s \u00e0 la logistique des interventions. Cette situation est\nparticuli\u00e8rement observ\u00e9e dans les territoires de **Shabunda** (seulement 5\nacteurs de protection pr\u00e9sents), **Mwenga** (Itombwe) avec 6 acteurs de\nprotection et Fizi (14 acteurs). Les activit\u00e9s humanitaires sont quasi\ninexistantes dans les zones occup\u00e9es par des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n###### **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode couverte par cette analyse, une action urgente est n\u00e9cessaire pour mettre r\u00e9duire les risques importants\nd\u2019augmentation des abus et de l\u2019exploitation en lien avec le contexte actuel. Le Cluster Protection et ses partenaires\nconsid\u00e8rent que les actions \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es ci-dessous sont n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9viter d\u2019autres cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes, et en\nparticulier pour \u00e9viter une aggravation des tensions entre les communaut\u00e9s des Runis et des Alemi.\n\n###### RISQUE 1 Attaques contre des civils et atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- Renforcer les dispositifs s\u00e9curitaires dans les zones \u00ab hotspots \u00bb, localit\u00e9s fortement affect\u00e9es par la r\u00e9currence des\nexactions des groupes arm\u00e9s, causant des mouvements de populations et de graves violations des droits de l\u2019homme\n\n\n- Finaliser le plan de transition provincial, en partie les jalons et priorit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection des civils et aux droits humains.\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation du programme de d\u00e9mobilisation et r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes\narm\u00e9s afin d\u2019encourager des redditions, et pacifier les localit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de monitoring et de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019alertes de protection, afin d\u2019orienter les actions de reponse et\nfaciliter l\u2019analyse des risques concernant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dynamique des groupes arm\u00e9s et des conflits.\n\n- Appuyer les initiatives de dialogue communautaire pour att\u00e9nuer et r\u00e9duire les violences intra et inters communautaires.\n\n- Renforcer la protection des civils \u00e0 travers une meilleure coordination des initiatives et programmes en lien avec la\ntransition, une analyse sensible aux conflits approfondie des situations sur le terrain, et un plaidoyer collectif en\ncoordination avec les initiatives de consolidation de la paix.\n\n###### RISQUE 2 Violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\n\n\n**ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Assurer et renforcer la coordination, le suivi et l'\u00e9valuation des interventions de lutte contre les violences sexuelles en\nRDC, y compris la collecte des donn\u00e9es et le partage de l'information au niveau du groupe th\u00e9matique genre et du GBV\nAoR provincial;\n\n- Investir dans la pr\u00e9vention, en particulier le changement de comportement sp\u00e9cifiquement dans le territoire de Kalehe\n(zone de sant\u00e9 de Kalehe, Minova et Bunyakiri), Fizi (Zones de sant\u00e9 de Fizi, Nundu, Kimbi-Lulenge et Minembwe) et\nUvira (Zones de sant\u00e9 de Ruzizi, Lemera et Hauts Plateaux)\n\n- Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s et la qualit\u00e9 des services adapt\u00e9s au genre, \u00e2ge et aux autres besoins sp\u00e9cifiques dans les zones pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es\nci-dessus.\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT NATIONAL ET PROVINCIAL**\n\n\n- Op\u00e9rationnaliser et doter de plus de moyens le Fonds National des R\u00e9parations des victimes de violences sexuelles li\u00e9es\naux conflits et des crimes contre la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'humanit\u00e9 (FONAREV) en vue de garantir la prise en charge\njuridique et judiciaire des violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits.\n\n- Renforcer la lutte contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs de violations et abus VBG.\n\n###### RISQUE 3 Recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT ET AUTORITES PROVINCIALES**\n\n\n- Mettre en \u0153uvre les engagements pris lors de la Conf\u00e9rence d'Oslo sur la protection des enfants dans les conflits arm\u00e9s\nde juin 2023, en investissant dans le travail social et para-social au Sud Kivu\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00c9PUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO** | Mars 2024\n\n\n- Renforcer les mesures li\u00e9es \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre du plan d'action de 2012 ONU-RDC, notamment concernant les violences\nsexuelles \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des enfants par les forces arm\u00e9es et services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n\n- Renforcer l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation et les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques locales pour les jeunes\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 assurer l\u2019int\u00e9gration de la protection de l\u2019enfant dans la composante Protection des civils du plan de transition\nde la MONUSCO et du gouvernement provincial\n\n- Veiller \u00e0 ce que la question de la lib\u00e9ration des enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s soit une condition syst\u00e9matique pour\nle processus de paix pour les groupes arm\u00e9s du Sud Kivu\n\n\n**ACTEURS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte des risques de protection de l\u2019enfant, de collecte d'informations sur les cas de recrutement\net d\u2019utilisation d\u2019enfants et les autres violations graves \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019enfants ainsi que les m\u00e9canismes communautaires\nde protection de l'enfant, notamment les R\u00e9seaux communautaires de protection de l\u2019enfant (ReCoPE), et les structures\nd'accueil transitoire (SAT) des enfants affect\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s, y compris les EAGA.\n\n- Renforcer les programmes d\u2019identification, documentation, recherche et r\u00e9unification familiale (IDTR) pour les enfants\nnon accompagn\u00e9s (ENA) et enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s (ES) affect\u00e9s par les conflits arm\u00e9s, ainsi que les enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s (EAGA), et veiller \u00e0 assurer un soutien appropri\u00e9 aux filles associ\u00e9es aux groupes arm\u00e9s\n\n- Mettre en \u0153uvre les activit\u00e9s de (r\u00e9)int\u00e9gration scolaire, socio-professionnelle et \u00e9conomique des EAGA et autres enfants\nvuln\u00e9rables dans une approche communautaire, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Strat\u00e9gie nationale du P-DDRCS\n\n- Renforcer les activit\u00e9s de soutien psychosocial aux enfants et adolescents affect\u00e9s par les conflits, en fonction de leur\nbesoin et de leur stade de d\u00e9veloppement, sp\u00e9cifique au contexte, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge et au sexe des enfants\n\n\n**BAILLEURS DE FONDS**\n\n\n- Assurer les financements pr\u00e9dicables et \u00e0 long terme pour les programmes en faveur des enfants affect\u00e9s par les conflits\narm\u00e9s\n\n- Assurer la prise en compte des consid\u00e9rations sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la protection des enfants dans toutes interventions,\nprogrammes et initiatives\n\n###### RISQUE 4 D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et entrave \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement\n\n\n**GOUVERNEMENT ET AUTORITES ADMINISTRATIVES ET JUDICIAIRES**\n\n\n- Lib\u00e9rer toutes les personnes d\u00e9tenues arbitrairement au Sud Kivu et prendre des mesures concr\u00e8tes pour d\u00e9courager les\ncas d\u2019arrestations arbitraires et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements commis par les forces nationales de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FARDC, PNC et\nANR) et par les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n- D\u00e9manteler toutes les barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par des groupes arm\u00e9s et s\u2019assurer que toutes les communaut\u00e9s ont droit \u00e0 la\nlibert\u00e9 de mouvement ;\n\n- Garantir aux populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es le droit de se choisir un lieu s\u00fbr de d\u00e9placement ainsi que le droit au retour en s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net en dignit\u00e9 et sur base du consentement inform\u00e9 et sans entraves.\n\n###### RISQUE 5 D\u00e9tresse mentale et psychosociale caus\u00e9e par les actes de violence\n\n\n**ACTEURS HUMANITAIRES ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n- Int\u00e9grer le soutien psychosocial dans tous les aspects de l'aide humanitaire, notamment en mettant en place des\nprogrammes sp\u00e9cifiques visant \u00e0 soutenir les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables, notamment les femmes, les enfants et les\njeunes.\n\n- Envisager une r\u00e9ponse multidimensionnelle qui va au-del\u00e0 de la fourniture de soins psychosociaux et de sant\u00e9 mentale\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n_i OCHA, d\u00e9cembre 2023, 20231231_v100_DRC_factsheet_fr_dec_2023-final_publish_national2.pdf_\n_ii Donn\u00e9es de monitoring du HCR_\n_iii https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/sud-kivu-r%C3%A9ponse-aux-catastrophes-naturelles_\n_iv_ _[IPIS - Opendata (shinyapps.io)](https://ipisresearch-dashboard.shinyapps.io/open_data_app/)_\n_v_ _[Semi-industrial gold mining and violence in Mwenga, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (ipisresearch.be)](https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20231208_Semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-Mwenga_South-Kivu_accessible-PDF.pdf)_\n_vi_ _[Semi-industrial gold mining and violence in Mwenga, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (ipisresearch.be)](https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20231208_Semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-Mwenga_South-Kivu_accessible-PDF.pdf)_\n_vii Diff\u00e9rentes factions Raiya Mutomboki et Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef actives dans les entit\u00e9s de la Chefferie de Bakisi_\n_viii Les sites concern\u00e9s sont : Parking, Kamabulungu, Tchankindo, Mapipi, Libakuyasuka, Nyamisela, Milomo za nkunsu, Nyetubu 1 et 2,_\n_Lubilu, Kankenge, Matumba, Isele etc._\n_ix Ces bases avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertes dans certaines zones menac\u00e9es par les groupes arm\u00e9s, dans le cadre d\u2019un appui en vue du maintien et la_\n_stabilisation de la paix, dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les conflits arm\u00e9s._\n_x https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/03/02/actualite/securite/uvira-25-vaches-volees-lors-dune-attaque-des-presumes-combattants_\n_xi Note de plaidoyer du cluster protection, mars 2023, Situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection en faveur de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes de_\n_Bijombo, ZS des hauts plateaux contre les atteintes dont elles sont victimes_\n_xii Donn\u00e9es issues du monitoring de protection du HCR_\n_xiii 4\u00e8me trimestre 2023_\n_xiv 5 provinces pilotes qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de ce fond dont celle de l\u2019Ituri, les 2 Kivu, Kasa\u00ef central et le Congo central_\n_xv La cartographie de la Coordination du Programme de D\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement Communautaire et Stabilisation (P-_\n_DDRCS) a identifi\u00e9 136 groupes arm\u00e9s en 2023_\n_xvi Les six violations graves \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des enfants, telles que d\u00e9finies et captur\u00e9es par le M\u00e9canisme de surveillance et communication des_\n_violations graves (en anglais, Monitoring and reporting mechanism -MRM) sont (i) le recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfant ; (ii) le meurtre et_\n_mutilation d\u2019enfant ; (iii) l\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019enfant ; (iv) le viol et autres formes de violences sexuelles ; (v) les attaques contre les \u00e9coles et_\n_h\u00f4pitaux ; (vi) le d\u00e9ni d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire._\n_xvii Rapport \u00e0 mi-mandat du Groupe d\u2019experts sur la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), 30 d\u00e9cembre 2023 (S/2023/990)._\n_xviii Donn\u00e9es issues du 3 et 6W en fin 2023_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : **St\u00e8ve Ndikumwenayo** - **[ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)** | **Lorraine de Limelette** \n**[lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)** | **Manfred Loic Yvan Ngom Biyick** - **ngombiyi@unhcr.org**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c6693e84-d7a8-4ac5-823e-fe640f63033c/pau_protection_analysis_update_march2024_drc_southkivu.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_859/raw/doc_859_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_859/raw/doc_859_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5ec6b3c026655f57dde135f2868e654ef63111b6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_859/raw/doc_859_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,276 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "The displacement crisis in Somalia is complex and multifaceted, driven by conflict and climatic shocks. This displacement is\noften characterized with protection risks [i] faced by the displaced populations. With particular focus on Kismaayo district, the\nmain drivers of displacement include conflict and drought as per the Protection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) [ii] in\nSomalia as of October, before the occurrence of El Ni\u00f1o flooding. The most prevalent protection risks currently being faced by\nthe populations in Kismaayo district are:\n\n - **Risk 1: Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access.**\n\n - **Risk 2: Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.**\n\n - **Risk 3: Gender based violence.**\n\n - **Risk 4: Child and forced family separation.**\n\nThe Protection Analysis Update for Kismaayo is the first of a series of analysis that the Protection Cluster will be publishing\nduring 2024 focusing on priority districts. Kismaayo was selected as the first of these series as the ATMIS drawdown is already\nin process and humanitarian actors are assessing the impact associated to the drawdown, on the protection response and\nhumanitarian needs of the displaced population. In addition, the Jubaland State government has historically showed both,\ninterest, and commitment on facilitating the work of protection humanitarian actors in ensuring protection of civilians and\ndisplaced communities. The new potential scenarios to happen in Kismaayo linked to the ATMIS drawdown, justified this joint\nprotection analysis, conducted by the Protection Cluster and its partners to define the protection response strategy and\npriorities in the district for the coming period.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.9892998933792114, - "start": 53, - "end": 58 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.9813631772994995, - "start": 59, - "end": 60 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.5188810229301453, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "October", - "confidence": 0.5375378131866455, - "start": 68, - "end": 69 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced populations", - "confidence": 0.837992787361145, - "start": 31, - "end": 33 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n- Strengthen awareness raising and access to information on the (Federal or State) Constitution and the Bill of Rights\nenhancing the understanding of rights and entitlements as citizens,\n\n- Humanitarian partners to work closely with government institutions to provide services to people in rural and hard to\nreach areas to reduce rural urban migration/displacement that exacerbates family separations,\n\n- Strengthen durable solutions programming to overcome the cycle of vulnerabilities and enhanced resource mobilization,\n\n- Integrate child protection interventions into other clusters\u2019 response to ensure mainstreaming of child protection into\nthe wider humanitarian response.\n\n\n\n**NO OF VERIFIED**\n**POPULATION**\n**SITES**\n\n\n\n**INTERNALLY**\n**DISPLACED PEOPLE**\n\n\n\n**MAIN TRIGGER OF**\n**DISPLACEMENT**\n\n\n\n**LEVEL OF**\n**HUMANITARIAN**\n\n\n\n**ACCESS**\n\n\n### **Conflict**\n# **362,244 140 145,225**\n\nKismaayo district in Jubaland State of\nSomalia is home to 362,244\nindividuals both displaced and nondisplaced. In 2023, the district has\nreceived 30,635 new arrivals due to\ninternal displacements from the\nsurrounding districts such as\nAfmadow, Jamaame, Jilib, Buu\u2019ale in\naddition to the intra-district\ndisplacement observed. Main driver\nof the internal displacement is\nconflict/insecurity accounting for 55\npercent of the displacements and\nhumanitarian needs in Kismaayo\ndistrict.\n\n\n### **Heavy** **restrictions**\n\n\n\nThe protection environment in\nKismaayo district is characterized by\ninsecurity and volatility, limited basic\nservices capacity and provision, weak\nor absent protection systems, low awareness of - and respect for - basic rights and rules governing armed conflict,\ndiscriminatory and harmful socio-cultural practices relating to gender and access impediments for humanitarian workers.\nThese characteristics have exacerbated the protection risks of the internally displaced and civilian populations in the district.\n\n\nCivilians across the district have continued to be impacted by significant levels of protection and security incidents. According\nto the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED 2023), 147 fatalities have been reported because of battle or\nexplosion/remote violence related incidents.\n\n\nPage **2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data", - "confidence": 0.9916337728500366, - "start": 376, - "end": 382 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "district", - "confidence": 0.6430730819702148, - "start": 353, - "end": 354 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9891279339790344, - "start": 384, - "end": 385 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced and civilian populations", - "confidence": 0.5174278616905212, - "start": 346, - "end": 351 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ATMIS DRAWDOWN:**\n\nOn 15 November 2023, the United Nations Security Council adopted in two resolutions the extension of its authorization of\nthe African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) until 30 June 2024. These resolutions delayed the drawdown as\nrequested by the government of Somalia and will allow review of the transition plan including Somalia\u2019s future security\nrequirements. The drawdown process will resume in January 2024 and the withdrawal of ATMIS troops from Kismaayo district\nwould have direct consequences on the humanitarian access and protection of both displaced and civilian population. The\nProtection Cluster will analyze the drawdown process in Kismaayo from the Protection of Civilians perspective and draw\nstrategic and operational recommendations to mitigate and minimize its impact. The most reported protection issues in\nKismaayo are:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PERIOD|TRIGGERS|REPORT|\n|---|---|---|\n|
9 \u2013 12
March 2023|
PRMN field monitors recorded 551
households, approximately 3,306
individuals, largely pastoralists and farmers,
forced to leave their homes. The ongoing
displacement is triggered by recent fighting
between Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs)
and government security forces.|
Protection issues reported during the incident:
\u2022
Ongoing escalation poses insecurity negatively
impacting the conditions of displaced persons.
\u2022
Lack of adequate housing and essential services.
\u2022
Child protection issues.
\u2022
Strain on social cohesion.
\u2022
Heightened protection risks: The elderly, women,
and children are exposed to protection risks.
Women and girls face risks of gender-based
violence, such as rape and physical assaults.
|\n|21 \u2013 25 July
2023
|Heightened insecurity displaced over 7,230
individuals in Lower Jubba areas around
Kismaayo town. The ongoing displacement
is triggered by recent fighting between Non-
State Armed Groups (NSAGs) and
government security forces.
|
Protection issues reported during the incident:
\u2022
Child protection issues
\u2022
Strain on social cohesion
\u2022
Heightened protection risks: The elderly, women,
and children are exposed to protection risks.
Women and girls face risks of gender-based
violence, such as rape and physical assaults.
\u2022
Increasing cases of land disputes
|\n\n\n\nPage **3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Discrimination and stigmatization are amongst the most prevalent protection risks in Somalia. They are present in almost every\naspect of the Somali society - from the 4.5 formula [iii] for managing the political representation- to a wide-spread power\nimbalance in the day-to-day life. The most vulnerable groups and individuals faced with this risk include **minority groups and**\n**IDP households headed by a female, a child, the elderly and persons with disabilities. The district of Kismaayo is not an**\n**exception to this situation.** The district hosts a population of the **Somali Bantu, the Bajun, and the Shanshi minorities** . It also\nhosts approximately **145,225 IDPs distributed in at least 140 verified IDP sites** . Minorities and vulnerable IDP households,\noften face the consequences of the power imbalance and abuse of power limiting their access to their rights and entitlements.\nMoreover, these vulnerable groups are often unaware of their rights and entitlements.\n\nThe bottom line of the exclusion of marginalized groups and minorities are the established cultural norms and practices that\ndirectly or indirectly promote discrimination. Additionally, lack of awareness by the community members on the effects of\ndiscrimination and stigmatization on the subjected persons exacerbates the spread of this protection risk.\n\n**The aforementioned vulnerable groups, also face discrimination when accessing humanitarian assistance, they are entitled**\n**to, quality jobs and fertile lands due to their clan affiliation or physical condition.** Their vulnerability further heightens the\nrisk of being victims of extorsion and sexual exploitation and abuse. **Protection partners in close collaboration with the**\n**Government of Jubaland State and the humanitarian community should define and carry out a set of soft component actions**\n**to reduce this risk in Kismaayo.** The cornerstone of this set of actions is strengthening the awareness raising and networking\nwith the range of stakeholders that can contribute to reducing the prevalence and impact of this risk. A well-coordinated action\nfollowing the highlighted recommendations in the Protection Analysis Update will substantially reduce the risk and thus,\nstrengthen an effective inclusion of these groups in the humanitarian response.\n#### RISK 2 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups\n\n**Somalia ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in October 2015**, and this is a critical step for Somalia given\nit is among the countries that record the highest number of grave violations against children including use and recruitment of\nchildren by armed forces and groups. The Monitoring & Reporting Mechanism (MRM) reports in Somalia, a total of 1,094\nchildren (1,022 boys, 72 girls), as young as age 8, verified as having been recruited and used by armed forces and groups as\ncombatants (101), in support roles (146) and for unknown purposes (847) between January to December 2022. [iv]\n\nExisting vulnerabilities of children and families are exacerbated during situations of conflict and climate related shocks.\nChildren not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk to all forms of abuse,\nneglect, violence, and exploitation including recruitment and use by armed forces and groups. Lack of protection, especially\nfor Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC), children on the move, children from minority and marginalized groups\nincreases risk of recruitment into armed groups and some instances threats are used as part of forceful recruitment while both\nvoluntary and involuntary child recruitment into armed groups is also reported. **Children, mostly boys, are at an elevated risk**\n**of recruitment and it is expected the actual extent of this grave violations of children\u2019s rights is far higher than reported and**\n**verified.**\n\nThe factors reported to worsen the risk of use and recruitment of children by armed forces and groups in Kismaayo include:\n**(i) weak implementation of the policies and procedures i.e., the draft Somali Constitution or the CRC, (ii) peer pressure**\n**among children, (iii) climate related shocks causing displacement in turn increasing vulnerabilities, (iv) poverty, (v) inter-**\n**clan conflicts and (vi) family separations.** Additionally, negative coping mechanisms due to separation and absence of care\nwas highlighted as a potential driver of the risk of forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups.\n#### RISK 3 Gender-based violence\n\n**Gender-based violence (GBV) affecting women and girls remains underreported but widespread, with IDPs, children,**\n**adolescent girls, female, and child headed households, minorities and women remaining particularly vulnerable.** Gender\ninequality, societal power imbalances, a weak functioning justice system, protracted conflict, and displacement, all contribute\nto an inadequate protection environment that leaves women and girls highly exposed to GBV. Their vulnerability is increased\ndue to illiteracy, poverty, family separation and unemployment, among other factors. Many cases of GBV are not reported and\n\n\nPage **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring & Reporting Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.9942377805709839, - "start": 483, - "end": 487 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MRM", - "confidence": 0.9780179858207703, - "start": 488, - "end": 489 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9941772222518921, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9268772602081299, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5663737654685974, - "start": 552, - "end": 553 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "addressed due to a fear amongst women and girls of being ostracized from families or communities, fearing divorce, or forced\nmarriage or barriers to getting married. Other GBV survivors are not aware of services and formal structures for recourse due\nto unfamiliarity with options, while in some cases, there is a lack of appropriate GBV responses in the locations. As such, the\nweak/limited access to formal justice is often replaced by the customary justice system, otherwise known as ADR (Alternative\nDispute Resolution) or the Xeer system in Somalia, a practice which has long functioned as an effective tool for promoting\nsocial cohesion and regulation of inter and intra-clan affairs. However, **the use of traditional justice has an adverse impact**\n**particularly for survivors of GBV, children, minority and marginalized groups, persons with disabilities and IDPs.** **Aspects of**\n**the Xeer custom may violate provisions of the draft Somali Provisional Constitution, particularly when it comes to the rights**\n**of GBV survivors, IDPs, minority and marginalized groups.** GBV survivors struggle to have their grievances justly resolved as\nthey often face discriminatory practices, or are not well informed about their rights, besides having access to very few\nfunctional institutions to meet their justice needs.\n\n**Many areas around settlements are reported as being unsafe for women and girls especially due to GBV incidents when**\n**fetching water and firewood especially those in rural and hard to reach areas. The perpetrators of GBV violations are mostly**\n**reported as armed groups, men, FGM practitioners, close family members, guardians, and teachers.**\n\nThe exacerbating factors are also reported as limited response on access to justice, safe shelters, awareness creation especially\non social cultural norms and insufficient women empowerment responses hence the risk of negative coping mechanism.\n#### RISK 4 Child and forced family separation\n\nFamily separation is the break-down of a family unit or the splitting of households due to circumstances that are triggered by\nwar, displacement and/or poverty and it is a common occurrence during such situations that worsens existing vulnerabilities.\nChildren not living with primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at heightened risk to all forms of abuse,\nexploitation, violence, and neglect. Lack of protection, especially for UASC, increases risk of other violations including\nrecruitment into armed groups, sexual violence, neglect, exploitation, and other forms of abuse.\n\nFamily separation as a survival strategy leaves more women-headed and child-headed households in displacement sites,\nincreasing vulnerability to other threats. As such, this occurs due to conflict, displacement, family breakdown (divorce),\nfinancial reasons, forced evictions and forced recruitment. The consequence of family separation on the affected persons may\nbe neglect, exploitation, GBV, child labour, abuse (physical/emotional) and trauma especially for children separated from\nparents or primary caregivers.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUB-NATIONAL PROTECTION CLUSTER:**\n\n- Establish linkages with the Education Cluster, recognizing the protection value of children being in school and the potential\nto work through education to keep children safe and identify those at risk.\n\n#### RISK 2 Forced recruitment and association of children in armed forces and groups\n\n\n**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF SOMALIA (FGS) & JUBALAND STATE GOVERNMENT:**\n\n- Implement zero tolerance for forced recruitment of children by the government through the Implementation of the\nNational Action Plan to prevent the recruitment and use of children in armed forces and groups. Strengthen adherence\nand implementation of the CRC ratified by Somalia in 2015.\n\n- The government (FGS and Jubaland state) to enhance rule of law, security, and protection of civilians from Al-Shabaab\nthreats and violence especially in hard-to-reach areas as family members fear for their lives, hence offering children for\nrecruitment.\n\n- Lack of documentation has far-reaching consequences such as difficulty in differentiation between children and adults.\nTherefore, the government to ensure the national registration of citizens including birth certificates for children.\n\n- Jubaland ministry of women, family affairs and human rights to establish and lead a state level task force to enhance\ncollaboration between civil and military actors and promotion of children\u2019s rights including preventing the recruitment of\nchildren into the armed forces and groups.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES, DONOR AND DEVELOPMENT ACTORS:**\n\n- Strengthen durable solutions programming to overcome the cycle of vulnerabilities and enhanced resource mobilization\nfor child protection responses.\n\n- Strengthen awareness creation on children\u2019s rights including prevention of child recruitment and respect for International\nHumanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL).\n\n- Capacity building of the parties to the conflict and government on International Humanitarian Law and International\nHuman Rights Law.\n\n- Humanitarian actors to support the government in policy development/implementation relevant to the protection of\nchildren and strategic planning to respond to shocks that contributes to increasing vulnerabilities.\n\n- Engage the community on their self-protection in fostering protection of children.\n\n- The government and humanitarian actors to ensure the safe reintegration of children associated with armed forces and\narmed groups (CAAFAG) into the community through Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR).\n\n**SUB-NATIONAL PROTECTION CLUSTER & STATE ICCCG:**\n\n- Strengthen existing cluster coordination to discuss and respond to emerging child protection concerns.\n\n- Support the Jubaland ministry of women, family affairs and human rights in the establishment of the prevention of\nrecruitment task force.\n\n#### RISK 3 Gender-based violence\n\n**JUBALAND STATE GOVERNMENT:**\n\n- Strengthen the security and justice institutions to ensure the rule of law and legal assistance to GBV survivors.\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES**\n\n- Improve access to quality GBV services including risk awareness in hard-to-reach areas.\n\n- Provide capacity building/training of community groups on GBV risks mitigation and referral pathways.\n\n- Establishment/strengthening of women and girls\u2019 safe spaces to enhance reporting and response to GBV incidents.\n\n- Strengthen evidence-based advocacy based on ongoing protection analysis findings, i.e to prioritize mitigation of the\nidentified risks.\n\n- Strengthen safe and accessible inter-agency community feedback mechanisms (ICFM) \u2013 ensure all groups including\nminorities, marginalized groups, women, and girls can access the ICFM.\n\n- Humanitarian actors to support the government with the necessary technical support in developing and implementing\nrelevant legislation i.e., sexual offense bill to address GBV risks.\n\n\nPage **6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Partners to provide the government with the technical support on ensuring forensic support services to ensure access to\njustice for GBV survivors whenever needed.\n#### RISK 4 Child and forced family separation\n\n**JUBALAND STATE GOVERNMENT**\n\n - Establish/strengthen child protection committee and taskforce led by the ministry of women, family affairs and human\nrights to support and mitigate the incidents of family separation.\n\n - Strengthen the relevant government institutions and policies aimed at providing child protection responses and\npreventing forced family separation such as child rights acts.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES:**\n\n\n - Humanitarian partners to work closely with government institutions to provide services to people in rural and hard to\nreach areas to reduce rural urban migration/displacement that exacerbates family separations.\n\n - Strengthening referral pathways to improve the provision of child protection services and improve access to quality child\nprotection services especially in hard-to-reach areas.\n\n - Integrate child protection interventions into other clusters\u2019 response to ensure mainstreaming of child protection into the\nwider humanitarian response.\n\n - Provide social protection safety nets through provision of economic empowerment for parents and caregivers.\n\n - Equip and educate parents on positive parenting skills and maintaining of the family cohesion.\n\n - Enhance monitoring and reporting of child rights violations to ensure evidence-based advocacy and inclusive child\nprotection programming.\n\n - Strengthen comprehensive case management response including family tracing and reunification response.\n\n\n_Participants of the joint analysis workshop in Kismaayo_\n\n\nPage **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\ni _[Protection Risks: Explanatory Note](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/994/training-materials/template/protection-risks-explanatory-note)_\n_[ii Protection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) is a project implemented by UNHCR, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) and partners. It is a platform](https://prmn-somalia.unhcr.org/)_\n_for identifying and reporting on displacements (including returns) of populations in Somalia as well as protection incidents and risks underlying such_\n_movements. PRMN as a tool has been adopted at the interagency and inter-cluster level as a source of both displacement and protection data in Somalia._\niii _The 4.5 formula was first conceived in 1997 as a temporary arrangement for managing political representation following Somalia\u2019s civil war, assigning a_\n_full share of power to four clans and a half-share to a consortium of other clans. For more information, visit:_ _[The role of 4.5 in democratization and](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/role-45-democratization-and-governance-somalia-implications-and-considerations-way-forward-may-2023)_\n_[governance in Somalia. May 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/role-45-democratization-and-governance-somalia-implications-and-considerations-way-forward-may-2023)_\niv _[UN Secretary General report on children and armed conflict 2022](https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_annual_report_2023_en_0.pdf)_\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThis is a product of a joint analysis by the Protection Cluster, Areas of Responsibilities, Protection partners, state\ngovernment (Jubaland), on the protection landscape in Kismaayo district. The methodology for this analysis also reviewed\nand analyzed existing secondary data, and primary data. The Protection Cluster carried out risk-based analysis through the\nProtection & Return Monitoring Network (PRMN) as well as following the standard methodologies of the Global Protection\nCluster.\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **National Protection Cluster** - **sommopcim@unhcr.org**\n\n\nPage **8**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.9933684468269348, - "start": 19, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.9990212917327881, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6766569018363953, - "start": 32, - "end": 33 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9976028800010681, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5982106924057007, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection & Return Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.9110299348831177, - "start": 260, - "end": 265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "risk-based analysis", - "confidence": 0.6715131998062134, - "start": 256, - "end": 258 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.6655567288398743, - "start": 266, - "end": 267 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kismaayo district", - "confidence": 0.8532396554946899, - "start": 231, - "end": 233 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1703ac80-2408-4e2e-aea0-a6f594e46ce3/pau_somalia_november_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_86/raw/doc_86_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_86/raw/doc_86_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8f454f7d1c30521f1336ee777f2cd5c9bd859024..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_86/raw/doc_86_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1690 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I\n###### Introduction\n\n\n_As UNHCR commemorates in_ 2011 _\u0003 the_ 60 _[th]_ _anniversary of the_ 1951 Convention Relating to\nthe Status of Refugees _and the_ 50 _[th]_ _anniversary of the_ 1961 Convention on the Reduction of\nStatelessness _, the_ 2010 _Global Trends report demonstrates the continued relevance of forced_\n_displacement and statelessness issues to the international agenda. It depicts some of the major_\n_humanitarian trends which occurred during_ 2010 _in relation to displacement, either within or_\n_beyond international borders. The report also reviews statistical trends and patterns for populations_\n_considered to be of concern to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) -_\n_refugees, returnees, stateless persons and internally displaced persons (IDPs) - collectively referred to_\n_as \u201cpersons of concern\u201d._ **(1)**\n\n\n\nsteadily in recent years. However, in\n2010 the number dropped by one-sixth\nto 108,000, largely due to security requirements and processing backlogs.\nAs a consequence, the number of refugees considered by UNHCR to be in a\nprotracted situation stood at 7.2 million\nby year-end, the highest since 2001. On\na positive note, more than 2.9 million\nIDPs were able to return home in 2010,\nthe highest number in almost 15 years.\n\n\nchildren\nInformation on\u0003 the demographic composition and location of the populations\nfalling under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility\nis crucial for planning and monitoring\nactivities. In 2010, more than 15,500\nunaccompanied or separated children,\nmainly from Afghanistan and Somalia\n\n\n\n**Newly arrived Somali**\n**refugees\u0003** waiting to be\nregistered in Dadaab, Kenya.\n\n\n\nt the end of 2010,\u0003 some\n43.7 million people worldwide\nwere forcibly displaced due\nto conflict and persecution,\nthe highest number in more\nthan 15 years. This included 15.4 million\n# **A**\nrefugees, **[(2)]** 27.5 million IDPs **[(3)]** and more\nthan 837,500 individuals whose asylum\napplication had not yet been adjudicated\nby the end of the reporting period. [ _see_\n\nFigure 1 _below_ ]\nThe total number of refugees and\nIDPs under UNHCR\u2019s care remained\nhigh, standing at 25.2 million by yearend [ _see_ Figure 2 _below_ ]. While the number\nof refugees increased marginally to 10.55\nmillion, the number of IDPs protected\nor assisted by UNHCR dropped to 14.7\nmillion. This was the result of a large\nnumber of IDPs being able to return\n\n\n\nduring the course of 2010. In addition,\nUNHCR estimated that up to 12 million people were stateless, with the\nOffice having reliable statistics for some\n3.5 million of them.\n\n\nreturns and resettlement\nFinding durable solutions\u0003 for those who\nhave sought international protection is\ncentral to UNHCR\u2019s mandate. Despite\nthe Office\u2019s efforts however, humanitarian crises and the political situation\nin a number of countries continued to\nprevent the return of a number of people. The number of refugee returns has\ncontinuously decreased since 2004, and\nthe 2010 figure of 197,600 was the lowest level in more than two decades. UNHCR\u2019s submissions for refugee resettlement consideration by States increased\n\n\n\n**UNHCR |\u0003 Turns 60**\nThe UN refugee agency\nwas founded on December\n14, 1950\u2026\n\n\n\n**Pakistan |\u0003 Return**\n**to Swat Valley\u0003**\nThousands of displaced\nPakistanis board buses and\ntrucks to\u2026\n\n\n\n**UNHCR |\u0003 60 years**\n**in photos\u0003** The agency\u2019s\nfirst task was to help an\nestimated 1 million\u2026\n\n\n\n1 _See page 37 for a definition of each population group._\n2 _This figure includes 4.82 million Palestinian refugees who are registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)._\n3 _Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)._\n\n\n\n**4** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0003 the", - "confidence": 0.9579833745956421, - "start": 247, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "in", - "confidence": 0.8956565260887146, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": ", Kenya.", - "confidence": 0.6603192090988159, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "dropped", - "confidence": 0.9748637676239014, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6341394782066345, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": ".", - "confidence": 0.5680282115936279, - "start": 510, - "end": 511 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": ",", - "confidence": 0.6258906126022339, - "start": 489, - "end": 490 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "by", - "confidence": 0.9310835003852844, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.9990218877792358, - "start": 756, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.8060420155525208, - "start": 757, - "end": 758 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9684919118881226, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(in millions)\n\n\n\nII\n###### Overview of Global Trends\n\n\n\n5 _See page 37 for a definition of each population group._\n6 _Four-fifths of the 597,000 people in a refugee-like situation are_\n_located in Bangladesh, Ecuador and Venezuela (the Bolivarian_\n_Republic of)._\n7 _Refugees and asylum-seekers that are at the same time also_\n_stateless persons are not included in this figure. They are reflected_\n_in the figures relating to the refugee and asylum-seeker groups_\n_concerned._\n\n\n\n45\n\n\n40\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ny the end of 2010,\u0003 there\nwere more than 10.55 million\nrefugees under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility, including some\n597,000 people in refugee-like\nsituations. **[(6)]** A total of 14.7 million IDPs,\n# **B**\nincluding more than 242,000 people in\nIDP-like situations, were receiving humanitarian assistance under arrangements in which UNHCR was either the\nlead agency or a key partner. This was\nthe second highest figure on record.\nThe number of returnees shows a divergent picture. While an estimated 2.9\nmillion IDPs were able to return home\nduring the year, the highest level in at\nleast a decade, only 197,600 refugees repatriated voluntarily, the lowest number\nin more than 20 years. The asylumseeker population, that is people whose\nasylum applications had not yet been\nadjudicated by the end of the reporting\n\n\n|Col1|1.1 0.8
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7
0.8
16.0 14.6 13.7 13.8 13.0 14.3 16.0 15.2 15.2 15.4
25.0 25.0 24.6 25.3 23.7 24.4 26.0 26.0 27.1 27.5|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\n\n\nperiod, was estimated at 837,500. During 2010, UNHCR identified 3.5 million stateless persons in 65 countries\nand estimated the total number of stateless persons worldwide at three times\nhigher that number, or some 12 million\npeople. **[(7)]** In addition, there were 1.3 million individuals who did not fall into any\nof the above categories (known as \u201cother\ngroups or people of concern\u201d) but who\nreceived protection and/or assistance\nfrom UNHCR based on humanitarian\nor other special grounds. n\n\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers**\n**Refugees** **IDPs**\n\n**(pending cases)**\n\n\n\nWhat we\u2019re seeing is worrying unfairness in the international\nprotection paradigm. Fears about supposed floods of refugees\nin industrialized countries are being vastly overblown or\nmistakenly conflated with issues of migration. Meanwhile it\u2019s\npoorer countries that are left having to pick up the burden.\n\nant\u00f3nio guterres, un high commissioner for refugees\n\n\n\n_By the end of_ 2010 _,\u0003 the total_\n_population under UNHCR\u2019s_\n_responsibility stood at_ 33.9\n_million._ **[(5)]** _This figure takes into_\n_consideration new displacement,_\n_durable solutions found, legal and_\n_demographic changes, improved_\n_availability of data, and revised_\n_estimates._\n\n\n**Kenya |\u0003 Running**\n**out of space:\u0003\u0003** Somali\nrefugees arrive at an\nalarming rate, overflowing\ncamps and stretching\nresources\u2026\n\n\n**Kyrgyzstan |\u0003**\n**The Crisis\u0003** UNHCR was\nmonitoring the returns of\nrefugees and\u2026\n\n\n\n\n\nfiled an asylum application. According\nto UNHCR data, more than 72,000\nunaccompanied or separated children\nlodged asylum claims over the past five\nyears. The many protection risks faced\nby Afghan unaccompanied children\nhave been highlighted in a recent UNHCR report. **[(4)]**\n\n\nnatural disasters\nIn 2010, UNHCR was\u0003 involved in several humanitarian crises caused by natural disasters. An estimated 2 million\npeople benefited from UNHCR\u2019s interventions in natural disasters in 2010 including in countries such as Benin, the\nDominican Republic, Haiti, Pakistan,\nthe Philippines, and Uganda. In 2010,\nthe Office expressed its willingness to\nassume more predictable leadership of\nthe Protection Cluster in natural disasters, in consultation with partners and\nnational governments. However, a glo\n\n\nbal analysis of natural disaster-related\ndisplacement is beyond the scope of this\nreport.\n\n\nor the most part,\u0003 the\nstatistics in the 2010 _Global_\n_Trends_ have been reported by\nUNHCR country offices, based\non government sources, reports\nfrom non-governmental organizations\n# **F**\nand UNHCR\u2019s registration activities.\nThe numbers have been rounded up to\nthe closest hundredth or thousandth for\nthe purposes of this report. As some adjustments may need to be made for the\npublication of the 2010 _Statistical Year-_\n_book_, to be released later this year, the\nfigures contained herein should be considered provisional and may be subject\nto change. Unless otherwise specified,\nthe report does not refer to events occurring after **31 December 2010** . n\n\n\n\n\n\n4 Trees only move in the wind: a study of unaccompanied children in Europe _, available at_\n[http://www.unhcr.org/4c1229669.html](http://www.unhcr.org/4c1229669.html)\n\n\n**6** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Trends\n\n\n\n5", - "confidence": 0.6581808924674988, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5526048541069031, - "start": 118, - "end": 119 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": ",", - "confidence": 0.7374035716056824, - "start": 106, - "end": 107 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data,", - "confidence": 0.9645949006080627, - "start": 714, - "end": 716 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "33", - "confidence": 0.9591875076293945, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "*", - "confidence": 0.6903179287910461, - "start": 688, - "end": 689 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied children\nhave", - "confidence": 0.5130605101585388, - "start": 741, - "end": 744 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": null - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Total population of concern to UNHCR by country of asylum and category** | end-2010\n\n\nRefugees **[(1)]**\n\n\nAsylum-seekers (pending cases)\n\n\nIDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR **[(2)]**\n\n\nReturned refugees, returned IDPs\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless persons\n\n\nOthers of concern\n\n\n\n_Total population below 10,000_\n\n1 _Including people in refugee-like situations_\n\n2 _Including people in IDP-like situations_\n\n\n\n**8** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "III\n###### Refugee population\n\n\n_The number of refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate at the end of_ 2010 _was_ 10.55 _million,_\n_an increase of_ 153,000 _refugees (+_ 1.5 _%) compared to_ 2009 _. The continued deterioration_\n_of the situation in Somalia accounted for most of this increase, as more than_\n119,000 _Somalis sought refuge in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen during the year._\n\n\n\nThe Americas region hosted the smallest share of refugees (8%) globally, with\nColombians (391,900) constituting the\nlargest number in this region. **[ (9)]**\n\n\nmiddle east and africa\nA decrease in the number\u0003 of refugees\nwas observed in the Middle East and\nNorth Africa region, where figures\ndropped by 3 per cent during the year.\nThis decrease was primarily the result\nof revised estimates. The Syrian Government figure for Iraqi refugees was\nrevised downward by 50,000, based on\nthe assumption that a number of Iraqis had left either to return to Iraq or\nmove onward to other countries during\nthe year. Similarly, the number of Iraqi\nrefugees in Lebanon was revised from\n50,000 to 7,600. **[ (10)]** Conversely, 18,400\nSomali refugees arrived in Yemen during the year.\nIn sub-Saharan Africa, the number\nof refugees had declined for the previous nine consecutive years. However,\nin 2010 this trend was reversed due to\nrenewed or ongoing conflicts in various parts of the continent. By end 2010,\nthere were close to 2.2 million refugees\nin sub-Saharan Africa, roughly 110,000\nmore than at the start of the year. Nevertheless, this figure remains far below\n\n\n\n\n\n_Most refugees flee_\n_to neighbouring_\n_countries_\n\n\n**Contrary to common belief,\u0003** the available\nstatistical evidence demonstrates that most\nrefugees prefer to remain in their region of\norigin, rather than seeking refuge elsewhere.\nBy the end of 2010, three quarters of the world\u2019s\nrefugees were residing in a country neighbouring\ntheir own.\n\n\nThe major refugee-generating regions hosted on\naverage between 76 and 92 per cent of refugees\nfrom within the same region. UNHCR estimates\nthat some 1.7 million refugees (17% out of the\ntotal of 10.55 million) live outside their region of\norigin.\n\n \n\n**Percentage of refugees remaining within or**\n**outside their region of asylum** | end-2010\n\n\n\n**People carrying jerrycans\u0003** of\nfresh water along with a few\npossessions wrapped in plastic\nbags. They wade out through\nthe surf to smugglers\u2019 boats that\nwill take them across the Gulf of\nAden to Yemen. This group most\nlikely includes refugees.\n\n\n\n**Kenya |\u0003 Deck\u2019s**\n**Dream\u0003** Deck has lived\nin Kenya\u2019s Dadaab refugee\ncamp for most of his life\u2026\n\n\n\nverall,\u0003 increases in\nrefugee numbers in certain\ncountries were largely offset by the voluntary return\nof 197,600 refugees, mainly\nto Afghanistan.\n# **O**\nBy the end of 2010, women and girls\nconstituted slightly less than half (47%)\nof all refugees globally. **[(8)]** Developing\ncountries hosted 8.5 million refugees or\nfour-fifths of the global refugee population. The 49 Least Developed Countries\nprovided asylum to almost 2 million\nrefugees (19%).\nTable 1 [ _following page_ ] shows that\nmore than one-third (38%) of all refugees\nwere residing in countries covered by\nUNHCR\u2019s Asia and Pacific region, with\n2.9 million or three-quarters of them being Afghan. Sub-Saharan Africa was\nhost to one-fifth of all refugees, primarily from Somalia (482,500), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (442,200),\nand Sudan (351,600). The Middle East\nand North Africa region hosted 18 per\ncent of the world\u2019s refugees, mainly\nfrom Iraq (almost 1.5 million according\nto Government estimates), while Europe hosted 15 per cent. In Europe, refugees from Serbia (and Kosovo: UNSCR\n1244) (180,400), Iraq (152,600), and Turkey (125,800) were the largest groups.\n\n\n\n**Outside region** **Within region**\n\n\n\n**Chad |\u0003 No end in**\n**sight\u0003** More than six years\nafter the beginning of the\nconflict in Sudan\u2019s Darfur\nregion, more than\u2026\n\n\n\n8 _See Chapter IX for more details on the demographic composition of refugees._\n9 _This figure includes 285,400 Colombians considered to be in a refugee-like situation._\n10 _This number reflects a notable decrease to the one recorded last year. The latter was based on outdated estimates._\n_Recent field assessments concluded that the more accurate figure is the number of refugees registered with UNHCR. These_\n_conclusions have not been refuted._\n\n\n\n**10** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "population\n\n\n_The", - "confidence": 0.6662198901176453, - "start": 8, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "_", - "confidence": 0.7240762114524841, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi refugees", - "confidence": 0.7254400849342346, - "start": 175, - "end": 177 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Government figure for", - "confidence": 0.6770597100257874, - "start": 172, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa,", - "confidence": 0.549569845199585, - "start": 307, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees was", - "confidence": 0.792326807975769, - "start": 176, - "end": 178 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 1", - "confidence": 0.8412539958953857, - "start": 642, - "end": 644 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6637035608291626, - "start": 666, - "end": 667 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Asia and Pacific region", - "confidence": 0.5474921464920044, - "start": 669, - "end": 673 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9543176889419556, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "),", - "confidence": 0.5938223600387573, - "start": 756, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5404688119888306, - "start": 944, - "end": 945 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.8397573232650757, - "start": 894, - "end": 896 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.9312158226966858, - "start": 770, - "end": 771 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.8212375640869141, - "start": 937, - "end": 941 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6218472719192505, - "start": 938, - "end": 939 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.7451707720756531, - "start": 940, - "end": 941 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9309474229812622, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugee population by UNHCR regions \u0003** | 2010\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR revised downwards, by 10,900,\nits estimate for the refugee population in\nthe United States of America. **[(12)]** Some\n7,900 Colombians were granted refugee\nstatus in Ecuador while the number of\nColombians in Ecuador assessed to be\nin a refugee-like situation was adjusted\nfrom 71,400 to 68,300 as a result of an\nenhanced registration exercise. **[(13)]**\n\nIn the Asia and Pacific region, the total number of refugees, including people\nin a refugee-like situation, was estimated at 4 million at the end of 2010, an in\n\n11 _By the end of May 2011, the number of Ivorian refugees_\n_in Liberia and other countries in the region had surpassed_\n_the 200,000 mark._\n12 _In the absence of official refugee statistics, UNHCR_\n_is required to estimate refugee populations in 24_\n_industrialized countries._\n13 _This registration exercise follows up on a_\n_comprehensive survey carried out by the Government and_\n_UNHCR in 2007-2008. The survey was undertaken to_\n_determine the magnitude and the profile of the Colombian_\n_population and to assess the main protection gaps._\n\n\n\nthe figure 10 years ago, in 2000, when\nmore than 3.4 million people were displaced in sub-Saharan Africa.\nDue to the escalation of violence in\nsouthern and central Somalia and the\neffects of severe droughts, more than\n119,000 Somalis were forced to leave\ntheir homes during the year and seek\nrefuge abroad, mainly in Kenya (73,700)\nand Ethiopia (24,100). Renewed armed\nconflict and human rights violations\nin C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, **[ (11)]** the Central African\nRepublic, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, led to new refugee\n\n\n\noutflows and the movement of 47,000\npeople, primarily to the Republic of the\nCongo (21,000), Liberia (18,100), and\nUganda (4,000).\nNevertheless, some 43,000 refugees\nacross sub-Saharan Africa were able\nto return home voluntarily, notably to\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(16,600), Rwanda (10,900), Sudan (7,100),\nand Burundi (4,800).\n\n\namericas, asia and europe\nIn the Americas,\u0003 the refugee population decreased marginally (-1.1%).\n\n\n\n\n|Refugees
945,200|People in
refugee-like
situations
24,100|Total refugees
969,300|Refugees
976,300|People in
refugee-like
situations
-|Total refugees
976,300|Absolute|%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees
945,200|People in
refugee-like
situations
24,100|Total refugees
969,300|Refugees
976,300|People in
refugee-like
situations
-|Total refugees
976,300|7,000|0.7%|\n|779,200|33,900|813,100|858,900|34,300|893,200|80,100|9.9%|\n|143,400|-|143,400|146,200|-|146,200|2,800|2.0%|\n|149,000|-|149,000|168,300|-|168,300|19,300|13.0%|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- _Excluding North Africa._\n\n\n\n**12** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official refugee statistics", - "confidence": 0.7204257249832153, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5509676337242126, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2007-2008", - "confidence": 0.7229852080345154, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.5609725117683411, - "start": 175, - "end": 177 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.894303023815155, - "start": 742, - "end": 746 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North Africa", - "confidence": 0.5660696029663086, - "start": 733, - "end": 735 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.8533225059509277, - "start": 745, - "end": 746 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "c _UNHCR estimate._\n\n\n\nthe third largest refugee-hosting country, despite a downward revision of\n5 per cent (-49,000 people) based on\nthe assumption that a number of Iraqis\nhad departed the country.\nGermany and Jordan **[(15)]** reported\n594,300 and 450,900 refugees, respectively, at year end. In both countries,\nfigures remained virtually unchanged\ncompared to 2009.\nKenya was the sixth largest hosting\ncountry at the end of 2010, with almost\n403,000 refugees. The overall figure\nincreased by 44,000 people during the\nyear (+12%), mainly as a result of new arrivals from Somalia. In 2009 and 2010,\nKenya witnessed the arrival of over\n150,000 Somali refugees, stretching capacity in the Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps to a maximum.\nIn Chad, the refugee population increased to 347,900 by the end of 2010\n(+3%) due to new arrivals from the Central African Republic and Sudan.\nIn 2008, Ethiopia was host to 83,600\nrefugees, making it the 27 [th] largest refugee hosting country in the world at that\ntime, and the lowest level for Ethiopia\nin almost three decades. Since 2008\nhowever, refugee figures have nearly\ndoubled with the arrival of tens of thousands of Eritrean and Somali refugees.\nBy the end of 2010, the refugee population had grown to 154,300 making\nEthiopia host to the 19 [th] largest refugee\npopulation globally.\n\n\ncountries of origin\nWith more than three million\u0003 refugees\nin 75 countries, Afghanistan remained\nthe leading country of origin of refugees in 2010. On average, three out of\nten refugees in the world were from\nAfghanistan, with 96 per cent of them\nlocated in Pakistan and the Islamic\nRepublic of Iran. Iraqis were the second largest group, with an estimated\n1.7million having sought refuge mainly\nin neighbouring countries. Afghan and\nIraqi refugees accounted for almost half\n(45%) of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility worldwide. [ _see_ **Map 2** ]\nSomalis constituted the third\nlargest refugee group under UNHCR\u2019s\nresponsibility, with 770,200 persons at\nthe end of 2010 and twice as many as\nin 2005. Compared to 2009, the Somali\nrefugee population grew by almost\n\n\n\ncrease of 4 per cent during the year. This\nwas due in part to the revision of the estimated number of Afghan refugees in\nPakistan from 1.7 to 1.9 million. **[(14)]**\n\nIn Europe, the refugee population decreased by 40,700 people (-2.5%) to 1.6 million at end of 2010. The drop was mainly\na result of registration and verification\nexercises conducted in the Balkans. In\nSerbia (and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244), the\nnumber of Bosnian and Croatian refugees decreased by nearly 13,000 people\nwhen figures were adjusted following a\nconsolidation of refugee databases, which\nindicated that many who had achieved\na durable solution either in Serbia (and\n\n\n\nKosovo: UNSCR 1244) or Croatia were\nstill registered as refugees in Serbia (and\nKosovo: UNSCR 1244).\nLikewise, refugee figures in Montenegro were adjusted downwards from\n24,000 to 16,400 by the Government,\nfollowing a comprehensive registration\nexercise among refugees originating\nfrom several Balkan countries.\n\n\ncountries of asylum\nThe ten major refugee-hosting\u0003 countries in 2010 were the same as those in\n2009 [ _see_ **Figure 5** ], with all ten countries\nhaving maintained their individual\nrankings of 2009. Together these 10\ncountries accounted for 62 per cent of all\nrefugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate.\nAs in 2009, Pakistan was the country with the largest number of refugees\n(1.9 million) globally, nearly all from Afghanistan, with an increase of 160,000\npeople in the total population of the\ncountry. The Islamic Republic of Iran\nhosted slightly over 1 million refugees,\nagain almost all Afghans. Figures in\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran remained\nvirtually unchanged compared to 2009.\nAccording to Government estimates,\nthe Syrian Arab Republic was host to\none million Iraqi refugees, making it\n\n\n14 _This is an estimated number of Afghan refugees_\n_registered with the Government of Pakistan, and is subject_\n_to change after completion of the verification exercise_\n_ongoing at the time of reporting._\n15 _Government estimate._\n\n\n\nAn estimated 25,000 people fled the\ncountry during 2010, mainly to the\nRepublic of the Congo and Uganda.\nOver the past decade, more than\n400,000 Congolese from the Democratic Republic of the Congo have fled\nto neighbouring countries to escape violence and armed conflict.\nOther main source countries for refugees were Myanmar (415,700), Colombia (395,600), and Sudan (387,200). In the\ncase of refugees from Myanmar, the figure includes an estimated 200,000 unregistered people in Bangladesh. In the\ncase of Colombians, the figure includes\nrefugees as well people in a refugee-like\nsituation in Ecuador, the Bolivarian\nRepublic of Venezuela, and other countries in the region.\nThe number of Sudanese refugees\nhas decreased for five consecutive years\nfollowing the return of hundreds of\nthousands of refugees from neighbouring countries to South Sudan. However,\nin 2010 the numbers of Sudanese refugees increased by some 19,000 people\ncompared to 2009, mainly due to the\nvolatile situation in Darfur and Southern Sudan. n\n\n\n\n92,000 people (+14%). In recent years\nconditions in Somalia have steadily\ndeteriorated, particularly in the central\nand southern areas of the country.\nUNHCR and other organizations\nproviding aid faced difficulties reaching\npopulations in need of assistance within\nSomalia. More than 119,000 Somalis fled\ntheir country during 2010, primarily to\n\n\n\nKenya (73,700), Ethiopia (24,100), Yemen\n(18,400), and Djibouti (3,300). This was\nin addition to the tens of thousands who\nwere newly displaced within Somalia\nduring the year. [ _see_ **Figure 6** ]\nThe Democratic Republic of the\nCongo was the fourth largest country\nof origin, with 476,700 refugees under\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate at the end of 2010.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "databases,", - "confidence": 0.9866891503334045, - "start": 557, - "end": 559 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "(", - "confidence": 0.7503998875617981, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6211268901824951, - "start": 640, - "end": 641 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "in", - "confidence": 0.7471351027488708, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "exercise among", - "confidence": 0.9483835697174072, - "start": 621, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries.", - "confidence": 0.6938660740852356, - "start": 628, - "end": 630 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5363680720329285, - "start": 647, - "end": 648 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.5663332939147949, - "start": 647, - "end": 648 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "originating", - "confidence": 0.8472493886947632, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IV\n###### Durable Solutions\n\n\n_There are three durable solutions sought by UNHCR and the international community to resolve_\n_the problem of refugees: (i) voluntary repatriation to the home country; (ii) the identification of_\n_appropriate permanent integration mechanisms in the country of asylum; or (iii) resettlement to_\n_another country._\n\n\n\ndirectly benefited from resettlement.\nDuring the past 5 years, some 444,000\nrefugees were resettled compared to\n2.5 million refugees who repatriated.\nThus, for every refugee resettled since\n2006, approximately 6 have repatriated.\nIn recent years, UNHCR has worked\nwith States to increase the use of resettlement as a strategic durable solution\n\n- which has been vital in resolving some\nprotracted refugees situations, maintaining protection space, and opening\n\n\n\nup solutions that may have otherwise\nbeen unavailable.\n\n\nVoluntary repatriation\nBased on consolidated reports\u0003 from\ncountries of asylum (departure) and\norigin (return), an estimated 197,600\nrefugees repatriated voluntarily during 2010. This is 21 per cent less than in\n2009 (251,500). Repatriation figures have\ncontinuously decreased since 2004; the\n2010 figure was the lowest in more than\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Refugee family originating**\n**from Bhutan\u0003** who was\nresettled from Nepal to the\nUnited States of America,\nbrowse through the movie list\nin a Nepali shop in New York.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan |\u0003**\n**Return Home\u0003** After 23\nyears of exile in Pakistan,\nQayum and his family\nreturned home to\u2026\n\n\n\noluntary\u0003 repatriation\nhas historically benefited the\nlargest number of refugees.\nWhile voluntary repatriation\nremains the preferred\nsolution among most of the world\u2019s\n# **V**\nrefugees, persistent conflict, fear of\npersecution or lack of basic services in\nthe areas of return often prevent people\nfrom returning to their countries of\norigin. Resettlement is a key protection\ntool and a significant responsibilitysharing mechanism. For some refugees,\nresettlement to a third country is the\nonly way to find permanent safety and\nbe able to enjoy fundamental human\nrights. Local integration is a complex and\ngradual process with legal, economic and\nsocio-cultural dimensions. It is difficult\nto measure in numerical terms given the\nvariety of legal and practical forms it can\ntake. **[ (18)]** The analysis of local integration\ndata in this report is therefore limited\nand subject to statistics available on\nthe naturalization of refugees by host\ncountries.\nComparatively, resettlement benefits\na small number of refugees; in 2010,\nonly one per cent of the world\u2019s refugees\n\n\n18 _The need for durable solutions is not limited to_\n_refugees; IDPs and stateless persons also require lasting_\n_resolution to their legal and physical protection needs._\n_However, due to the lack of reliable and comprehensive_\n_data on solutions for such other groups, the analysis in this_\n_section is about durable solutions accorded to refugees only._\n\n\n\n\n\n**16** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "local integration\nMeasuring the degree\u0003 and nature of local integration in quantitative terms remained a challenge. In instances where\nrefugees acquired citizenship through\nnaturalization, statistical data was often limited as the countries concerned\ngenerally did not distinguish between\nthe naturalization of refugees and the\nnaturalization of others. In many other\ncountries, national laws or restrictive interpretations of these laws did not permit refugees to be naturalized. Hence,\nthe naturalization of refugees was both\nrestricted and, where possible, underreported.\nNevertheless, limited data on the\nnaturalization of refugees available to\nUNHCR shows that during the past\ndecade more than one million refugees were granted citizenship by their\nasylum country. The United States of\nAmerica alone accounted for twothirds of this figure. During 2009\nand 2010, the United Republic of\nTanzania granted citizenship to\nmore than 162,000 Burundian refugees, resolving the plight of this\npopulation which had been living\nin exile since 1972. For 2010, UNHCR was informed of refugees being granted citizenship in Belgium\n(1,700), Ireland (710), Viet Nam (430),\nand Montenegro (350). **[ (20)]** n\n\n\n19 _During US Fiscal Year 2010, some 73,300 refugees_\n_were resettled by the United States of America._\n20 _The 2010 figure for the United States of America_\n_was not yet available at the time of preparation of this_\n_report._\n\n\n\n20 years. Globally, an estimated 9 million refugees have returned home over\nthe past 10 years, most of them with\nUNHCR assistance.\nThe main countries of return in\n2010 included Afghanistan (118,000),\nIraq (28,900), the Democratic Republic\nof the Congo (16,600), Rwanda (10,900),\nSudan (7,100), and Sri Lanka (5,100). The\nlargest number of refugee departures\nfor voluntary repatriation was reported\nby Pakistan (109,400), the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo (14,500), and the\nIslamic Republic of Iran (10,200).\n\n\n\nAfghanistan continued to be the\nmain country of return, with 118,000\nregistered returns during the year and\ntwice as many as last year (57,600). Levels in 2009 were the lowest since start of\nthe large-scale refugee return in 2002.\nOverall, close to 5.5 million Afghan refugees \u2013 or roughly one-fifth of Afghanistan\u2019s population \u2013 have returned home\nsince 2002. As part of its monitoring responsibilities, UNHCR conducts interviews with returning Afghans to assess\nthe reasons for return. In 2010, the most\noften-cited factors have been economic\n\n\n\nconcerns, difficulties in Pakistan, and\nlocal improvements in security in some\nparts of Afghanistan.\n\n\nResettlement\nResettlement can provide\u0003 protection\nto refugees when their lives, liberty,\nsafety, health or other fundamental human rights are at risk in their country of\nasylum. As such, it is a vital protection\ntool and an international responsibilitysharing mechanism, but also can be a\nkey element in comprehensive solution\nstrategies.\nOnly a small number of nations offer resettlement programmes, accepting\nrefugees in quotas on an annual basis.\nThe number of resettlement places\navailable has neither kept pace with\nglobal resettlement needs, nor with\nincreased submissions by UNHCR. In\n2010, UNHCR\u2019s multi-year projections\nwere that 747,000 resettlement places\nwere needed. In 2011, this figure was increased to 805,000, a record high. However, annual quotas offered by States\nhave remained largely unchanged, at\n80,000 places available globally.\nThe Office\u2019s response to the gap between needs and places available was\nthreefold: (i) to encourage more countries\nto establish resettlement programmes\nor consider UNHCR submissions; (ii)\nto work with established resettlement\n\n\n\ncountries to increase their intake of\nUNHCR-identified refugees; and (iii)\nto prioritize responses to resettlement\nneeds and submissions, in light of the\nlimited places available.\nDuring 2010, a total of 98,800 refugees were admitted by 22 resettlement\ncountries, including the United States\nof America (71,400), **[ (19)]** Canada (12,100),\nAustralia (8,500), Sweden (1,800),\nand Norway (1,100). Overall, this was\nsome 13,600 people less than in 2009\n(112,400).\nIn 2010, UNHCR submitted more\nthan 108,000 refugees for resettlement\nconsideration by States. Nine per cent\nof all resettlement submissions were\nfor women and girls at risk, the highest\npercentage over the last five years. With\na threefold increase in resettlement submissions in the last few years, processing by resettlement countries faced considerable backlogs.\nDuring the year, almost 73,000 individuals departed with UNHCR assistance, 14 per cent less than in 2009. The\ndecrease in the number of departures\nwas due to new security clearance requirements. In addition to Japan, Paraguay\nand Romania accepted resettled refugees for the first time. By nationality,\nthe main beneficiaries of the UNHCRfacilitated resettlement programme\nin 2010 were refugees from Myanmar\n(19,400), Iraq (16,000), Bhutan (14,800),\nSomalia (5,400), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4,500), and Eritrea\n(3,300).\nUNHCR operations in 86 countries\nof asylum were engaged in facilitating\nresettlement processing during 2010.\nThe largest number of refugees who\nwere resettled with UNHCR assistance departed from Nepal (14,800),\nThailand (11,400), Malaysia (8,000),\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (7,200),\nand Turkey (5,300). The five UNHCR offices involved accounted\naltogether for 6 out of every 10 resettlement departures assisted by the\nOffice in 2010.\nUNHCR achieved two important milestones in 2010 with regard to resettlement. By June 2010,\nand since 2007, the Office had referred 100,000 Iraqi refugees for\nresettlement from Middle Eastern\ncountries. Of the 100,000 submissions, more than half had departed\n\n\n\nwithin the last three years. Lengthy security checks and the time it took for\nState processing mechanisms to be established, led to delays in the departure\nof refugees to their new homes.\nThe second milestone was achieved\nin Nepal. Departures for the resettlement programme launched in November 2007 to resettle refugees from Bhutan from camps in eastern Nepal passed\nthe 40,000 mark in December 2010.\nRefugees originating from Bhutan had\nbeen resettled in eight countries, most\nof them (34,130) to the United States of\nAmerica. At the start of the resettlement programme, there were 108,000\nrefugees from Bhutan residing in the\ncamps in eastern Nepal\u2019s Jhapa and Morang districts. Of the 72,000 remaining\nin the camps, about 55,000 expressed an\ninterest in resettlement and are expected\nto depart within the next four years.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical data", - "confidence": 0.7574023604393005, - "start": 27, - "end": 29 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8640016913414001, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9682952165603638, - "start": 21, - "end": 22 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "V\n###### Internally Displaced Persons\n\n\n_UNHCR did not have the capacity to protect and assist all conflict-_\n_generated IDPs, globally estimated at some_ 27.5 _million at the end of_ 2010 _._ **(21)**\n\n_Since the introduction of the inter-agency cluster approach in January_ 2006 _,_\n_UNHCR has become increasingly involved with IDPs as part of a broader_\n_effort of the United Nations system and of other participating organizations._\n_In_ 2010 _, in the context of its responsibilities within the cluster approach,_\n_UNHCR expressed its willingness to increase its engagement with the_\n_protection of persons displaced by natural disasters._\n\n\n\n**An ethnic Uzbek\u0003** standing in\nfront of the remains of her\nhome, which was destroyed\nduring violence in Kyrgyzstan\nin 2010.\n\n\n\nhe number of \u0003 internally\ndisplaced persons,including\npeople in IDP-like situations **[ (22)]**\nwho benefited from UNHCR\u2019s\nprotection and assistance activities stood at 14.7 million at the end of\n# **T**\n2010. This was down by 930,000 from\n2009 but nonetheless the second highest\nfigure in UNHCR\u2019s history, and double\nthe number since the activation of the\ncluster approach in 2005 (6.6 million).\nThe decrease was mainly due to IDP\nreturns in Pakistan (1.2 million) **[(23)]** and\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(461,000). Overall, more than 2.9 million IDPs returned home during the\nreporting period, the highest number\nin almost 15 years. At the same time,\nUNHCR offices reported at least 1.3\nmillion newly displaced people in 2010.\n\n\n\nUNHCR statistics include IDP populations in 24 countries.\nIn Colombia, where Government\nIDP registration began in 1997, there\nwere 3.6 million registered IDPs reported at year end. **[ (24)]**\n\nRenewed armed conflict in the\nnorth-east of the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo displaced more than 130,000\npeople in 2010.\nBy the end of the year, the number\nof IDPs was estimated at 1.7 million,\ndown from 2.1 million the year earlier\nfollowing the return of several hundreds of thousands. Pakistan witnessed\nthe return of almost 1.2 million IDPs in\n2010, bringing the estimate of IDPs to\n952,000. Over the past two years, about\n2.3 million IDPs returned to their home\nin Pakistan.\n\n\n\n21 _Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre_\n_(IDMC) of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)._\n22 _The IDP-like situations refer to Georgia (124,000),_\n_Kyrgyzstan (20,000), the Russian Federation (22,200), and_\n_Sudan (76,100)._\n23 _This figure includes spontaneous returns in 2009 that_\n_could only be verified in 2010._\n24 _It is important to note that the figure of 3.3 million is_\n_an accumulated figure dating back to 1997 and that the_\n_Government has highlighted an under-registration of 21_\n_per cent (see report by the_ National Government to the\nConstitutional Court, Judgment T-025/2004 _)._\n\n\n\n**Sri Lanka |\u0003 Time**\n**for Return \u0003** A year after\nthe end of the long civil\nwar\u2026\n\n\n\n**Colombia |\u0003 A**\n**struggle for rights\u0003**\nOverlooked by the rest\nof the world, decades of\nviolent internal conflict\u2026\n\n\n\n**DRC |\u0003 Life on the**\n**run \u0003** Fighting rages on in\nvarious parts of the eastern\nDRC, with seemingly no\nend\u2026\n\n\n\n**20** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9863409399986267, - "start": 323, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Colombia", - "confidence": 0.7495704889297485, - "start": 333, - "end": 334 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.7081971168518066, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP populations", - "confidence": 0.5167769193649292, - "start": 326, - "end": 328 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vulnerable, can find a durable solution\nin the course of 2011.\nKyrgyzstan witnessed extensive new\ninternal displacement in mid-2010. At\nthe peak of the crisis, UNHCR estimated that up to 400,000 people were\naffected. By the end of year, an estimated 80,000 persons were considered\ninternally displaced in Kyrgyzstan, including 20,000 people in an IDP-like\nsituation. n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe situation in central and southern Somalia further deteriorated, leading to the displacement of hundreds of\nthousands of people in 2010. The estimated number of IDPs in Somalia stood\nat about 1.5 million by year end.\nIn Sudan, the number of IDPs protected or assisted by UNHCR was approximately 1.6 million by the end of\nthe year. **[(25)]** Since the signing of a comprehensive peace agreement in January\n2005 between the Sudanese Government in Khartoum and the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army, some 2 million\ndisplaced people have returned to their\ncommunities in Southern Sudan and\nthe so-called \u2018Three Areas\u2019 of Abyei,\nBlue Nile and Southern Kordofan. A\nlarge number of southerners living\nin the North, including an unknown\nnumber of IDPs, have made their way\nto South Sudan during the course of the\nyear, ahead of the referendum on independence which took place in January\n2011.\nIn Iraq, although close to 300,000\npeople were able to return home in 2010,\nan estimated 1.3 million remained dis\n\n25 _According to IDMC estimates, the number of IDPs in_\n_Sudan is estimated at up to 5.2 million._\n\n\n\nplaced within the country by the end of\nthe year. Some 303,000 IDPs in Uganda\nwere also able to return to their villages\nin the course of the year, reducing the\nIDP population remaining in camps\nand transit sites to 126,000. Both IDPs\nand IDP returnees in Uganda continued to benefit from UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities under the\ncluster approach in order to ensure that\nall individuals, especially the extremely\n\n\n\n| 2001-2010\n\n(in millions)\n3.0\n\n\n2.5\n\n\n2.0\n\n\n1.5\n\n\n1.0\n\n\n0.5\n\n\n0\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\n**22** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "VI\n###### Asylum-seekers\n\n\n_The following sections present some of the main trends related to asylum applications which have_\n_been lodged on an individual basis. They do not include mass refugee inflows nor do they make_\n_reference to people who have been accorded refugee status on a_ prima facie _basis._\n\n\n\n% UNHCR only 8% 13% 11%\n\n\na _Provisional._\nb _Includes revised estimates._\nc _Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly_\n_between UNHCR and the Government._\nd _The 2010 figure excludes Eritrean asylum-seekers in Ethiopia who were granted refugee_\n_status on a prima facie basis. In previous years, this group has accounted for some 20,000_\n_asylum applications per year._\n\n\n\nnew asylum-seekers worldwide. As\nsuch, it also accounted for one fifth of\nindividual applications globally. However, the 2010 figure was 19 per cent\nlower than in 2009 (222,300 claims) but\nstill four times more compared to 2007\nwhen 45,600 individuals had sought international protection. Similar to previous years, Zimbabweans accounted for\nthe vast majority of all claims submitted\nin 2010 (146,600 applications or 81 per\ncent).\nThe United States of America received less than one third of the number\nof claims as South Africa, but was nevertheless in second position with an\nestimated 54,300 applications. **[(30)]** The\nnumber of new asylum claims lodged\nin the United States of America went\n\n\n\n26 _Owing to the fact that some European countries have_\n_not yet released national asylum data at the time of writing,_\n_this figure is likely to be revised upwards later this year._\n27 _For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in_\n_industrialized countries, see Asylum Levels and Trends in_\n_Industrialized Countries, 2010, UNHCR Geneva, March_\n_2011, available at:_ [http://www.unhcr.org/4d8c5b109.html](http://www.unhcr.org/4d8c5b109.html) _._\n28 _Despite the fact that statistical reporting on new_\n_asylum-seekers has improved in recent years, in particular_\n_in Europe, it should be borne in mind that the data include_\n_a significant number of repeat claims, i.e. the applicant_\n_submitted at least one previous application in the same or_\n_another country._\n29 _Statistical information on outcomes of asylum appeals_\n_and court proceedings is under-reported in UNHCR_\n_statistics, particularly in developed countries, because this_\n_type of data is often either not collected by States or not_\n_published separately._\n30 _Estimated number of individuals based on the number_\n_of new cases (28,440) and multiplied by 1.4 to reflect the_\n_average number of individuals per case (Source: U.S._\n_Department of Homeland Security); and number of new_\n_\u201cdefensive\u201d asylum requests lodged with the U.S. Executive_\n_Office of Immigration Review (14,500, reported by_\n_individuals)._\n\n\n\nTABLE 2 **New and appeal applications received**\n\n\n\n\n\n**An Afghan running after a truck\u0003** at the\nend of the highway leading to the High\nSpeed Ferry Terminal of Calais, France.\nMany migrants and asylum-seekers try\nto jump under trucks on the highway or\nat gas stations in an attempt to cross the\nChannel and enter the United Kingdom.\n\n\n\n**France |\u0003 Out in the**\n**Cold in Calais\u0003** Despite\nthe sub-zero temperatures,\nmigrants and asylumseekers continue\u2026\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Greece |\u0003 Asylum-**\n**Seekers\u0003** Greece, buffeted\nby an economic crisis, is\nstruggling to deal\u2026\n\n\n\nuring 2010,\u0003 at least\n845,800 **[(26)]** individual applications for asylum or refugee status were submitted to\nGovernments or UNHCR\noffices in 166 countries or territories.\n# **D**\nThis constitutes an 11 per cent decrease\ncompared to the previous year (948,400\nclaims) and the first drop after three\nconsecutive annual increases. This\ndevelopment is in line with the one\nobserved in industrialized countries\nin 2010 where the number of asylum\napplications dropped as well. **[(27)]** Out of\nthe provisional total of 845,800 asylum\nclaims, an estimated 729,100 were initial\napplications **[(28)]** lodged in first instance\nprocedures whereas the remaining\n86,700 claims were submitted on appeal\nor with courts. **[(29)]**\n\nUNHCR offices registered some\n96,800 applications out of the provisional total of 845,800 claims in 2010,\nabout 22,300 less than in 2009 (119,100\nclaims). The Office\u2019s share in the global\nnumber of applications registered stood\nat 11 per cent in 2010 compared to 13 per\ncent in 2009.\n\n\nNew individual asylum\napplications received\n\nWith 180,600 asylum claims\u0003 registered\nin 2010, South Africa was for the third\nyear running the main destination for\n\n\n\n**24** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **25**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee status determination", - "confidence": 0.5681905746459961, - "start": 79, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8726698756217957, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.8276439905166626, - "start": 99, - "end": 100 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5572687387466431, - "start": 93, - "end": 94 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Eritrean asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7939456105232239, - "start": 96, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national asylum data", - "confidence": 0.9768026471138, - "start": 282, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.5332502126693726, - "start": 214, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.9974042773246765, - "start": 904, - "end": 908 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7343888878822327, - "start": 905, - "end": 906 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9519210457801819, - "start": 907, - "end": 908 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**asylum-seekers** | 2009-2010\n\n\n220\n\n\n\n200\n\n180\n\n160\n\n140\n\n120\n\n100\n\n80\n\n60\n\n40\n\n20\n\n0\n\n\n\n|Col1|(x1,000)|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n||**2009**
|\n||**2010**|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\nSouth United France Germany Sweden Ecuador Malaysia Canada United Belgium\nAfrica States Kingdom\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ntion (47,800) in the course of 2010. This\nnumber includes an estimated 21,700 **[(33)]**\nindividuals who initially received a negative decision, which was subsequently\noverturned at the appeal or review stage.\n\n\n\nTABLE 4 **Substantive decisions taken**\n\n\n\nInstances where the percentage of decisions overturned at the appeal stage is\nparticularly high may be indicative of\ndeficiencies in the asylum procedure in\nsome countries.\n\n\n\n(19,300 new claims), followed by Turkey (9,200), India (4,000), and Indonesia\n(3,900). UNHCR offices in Kenya, Turkey, Indonesia, Yemen and Cameroon\nwere confronted with an increase in applications while operations in Malaysia,\nIndia, and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya\nexperienced a decrease. Altogether, the\ntop 5 UNHCR offices receiving asylum\napplications registered about 70 per cent\nof all new claims in 2010. Moreover, 90\nper cent of UNHCR\u2019s refugee status\ndetermination work (in terms of applications received) was concentrated in 11\ncountries.\n\n\nby nationality\nIn UNHCR and state asylum procedures\ncombined,\u0003 the highest number of new\nasylum claims was filed by individuals\noriginating from Zimbabwe (149,400),\nSomalia (37,500), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (35,600), Afghanistan (33,500), Colombia (32,300), Serbia\n(and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244) (30,500),\nand Myanmar (27,900) [ _see_ Map 4 _below_ ].\nThese figures, however, hide patterns\nof certain nationalities tending to cluster in a limited number of countries.\nFor instance, 9 out of 10 Zimbabwean\nasylum claims were lodged in South\nAfrica alone. Two-thirds of all new\nasylum claims lodged by nationals of\nSerbia (and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244) were\nsubmitted in Sweden (7,900) and Germany (6,600), while more than half of\nall Somali requests were submitted in\nSouth Africa (6,000), Sweden (5,600),\nUganda (5,200), and Ethiopia (4,200).\nEven though asylum-seekers from Colombia sought protection in more than\n40 countries, 8 out of 10 requested refugee status in Ecuador.\n\n\n\nDecisions\nProvisional figures\u0003 indicate that some\n578,900 decisions on individual asylum\napplications were rendered during 2010.\nUNHCR staff adjudicated 61,100, or 11\nper cent of the total \u2013 a similar relative\nshare like in 2009. In 10 countries, some\n5,200 substantive decisions were taken\n\n\n\nin joint UNHCR and State procedures.\nAll of these figures exclude cases which\nwere closed for administrative reasons **[(32)]** without taking a decision on the\nsubstance. In 2010, at least 153,300 cases\nwere closed without a substantive decision issued to the applicant.\nIt is important to note that the 2010\ndata relating to individual decisions is\nstill incomplete owing to the fact that a\nfew States have not yet released all their\nofficial statistics. As a consequence, the\n2010 decision data quoted in this report\nare not fully comparable with previous\nyears.\nSome 222,900 asylum-seekers were\nrecognized as refugees (175,100) or\ngiven a complementary form of protec\n\n\nup by 13 per cent in 2010. Primarily\nChinese and Mexican asylum-seekers\naccounted for this recent increase, after\nseveral years of stable numbers. France\nwas the third largest recipient during\n2010 (48,100 claims), recording a 14 per\ncent increase compared to 2009 (42,100\nclaims) and the third consecutive rise.\nThe increase in 2010 was partly attributed to a higher number of asylumseekers from Georgia (+188%), Bangladesh (+118%), and Haiti (+38%). Germany\nwas fourth most important destination\n\n\n\ncountry for new asylum-seekers in 2010\nwith more than 41,300 asylum claims\nregistered. This is a 49 per cent increase\ncompared to 2009 (27,000 claims) and\nthe highest value since 2003. The increase in 2010 was partly attributed to\na higher number of asylum-seekers\nfrom Serbia (and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244)\nand The former Yugoslav Republic of\nMacedonia, many of Roma origin. This\nmay be the result of the European Union having waived visa requirements\nfor both countries at the beginning of\n2010. Sweden ranked fifth with 31,800\napplications received during the year.\nThis constituted a 32 per cent increase\ncompared to 2009 and the third highest\nfigure in 15 years. Other important destination countries for asylum-seekers\nwere Ecuador (31,400), Malaysia (25,600),\nand Canada (22,500) **[(31)]** .\n\nIn 2010, UNHCR offices received\n89,500 new applications for refugee status and 7,300 on appeal or for review.\nFor the third year running, the office in\nMalaysia received the largest number\nof new requests (25,600). Kenya was\nthe second largest operation in 2010\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\na _Provisional._\nb _Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly between UNHCR and the Government._\nc _The 2010 figure excludes Eritrean asylum-seekers in Ethiopia who were granted refugee status on a prima facie basis. In previous_\n_years, this group has accounted for some 20,000 asylum applications per year._\n\n\n\nTABLE 3\n**New asylum claims**\n**lodged in 2010 in**\n**top 10 UNHCR offices** **[*]**\n\n\n\nwere Ecuador (31,400), Malaysia (25,600),\n\n\n\n**Provisional data indicate that\u0003**\n15,500 individual asylum applications\nwere lodged by unaccompanied or\nseparated children in 69 countries\nin 2010. This constitutes about 4 per\ncent of the total number of asylum\nclaims lodged in those countries, and\nis consistent with the percentage\nobserved in 2009.\n\n\nIn absolute terms however, the\nnumber of UASC seeking asylum has\ndecreased compared to 2009 (18,700\nclaims in 71 countries). This trend is\n\n\n\n\n- _Excludes appeal/review claims._\n\n\n\n31 _Source: Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) Canada._\n32 _Also labeled as \u201cnon-substantive\u201d decisions which might result from, among others, the death of the applicant, no-show_\n_for interview, withdrawal of the application, abandonment of the claim, or the determination that another country was_\n_responsible for the claim (\u2018Dublin II\u2019 procedure)._\n33 _This figure is likely to be substantially higher but a significant number of decisions rendered by States at the appeal or_\n_review stage of the asylum procedure has not yet been released._\n\n\n\nconsistent with the overall decrease in\nthe global number of asylum-seekers\nrecorded.\n\n\nEurope received 11,500 or 74 per cent\nof the 15,500 UASC claims. Contrary\nto previous years when the United\nKingdom registered the highest\nnumber in Europe, in 2010 Sweden\nand Germany received the greatest\nnumber of claims, with 2,400 and\n1,900 UASC asylum claims respectively.\n\n\nWhile in Sweden and particularly in\nGermany, figures went up significantly\n\n\n\n(+6% and +49% respectively), in the\nUnited Kingdom it dropped by almost\nhalf (-47%). Kenya and India were\nimportant destination countries for\nUASC outside Europe, with 1,100\n(+209%) and 430 (-10%) asylum claims\nrespectively.\n\n\nThe available information indicated\nthat 5,400 unaccompanied and\nseparated children were recognized as\nrefugees or granted a complementary\nform of protection in 2010. This figure\nwas lower than in 2009 (7,700 positive\n\n\n\ngrants). Europe accounted for 68 per\ncent of all positive decisions rendered.\n\n\nThe available information on the\ncountry of origin of UASC confirmed\nthe trend already observed in previous\nyears, i.e. that mainly Afghan and\nSomali children applied for asylum.\nThese two nationalities accounted\nfor almost half of all UASC claims in\n2010.\n\n \n\n- _For additional information, see 2009_\n_Statistical Yearbook, pp. 42-43, UNHCR,_\n_Geneva._\n\n\n\n**26** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **27**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Some 355,900 claims were rejected\non substantive grounds. This number\nincludes negative decisions at the first\ninstance which might be appealed.\nAsylum-seekers who were rejected at\nfirst and second instance may have been\ncounted twice in this figure.\n\n\nTotal Recognition Rate\nAt the global level\u0003 (UNHCR and State\nasylum procedures combined), the Refugee Recognition Rate (RRR) amounted\nto an estimated 30 per cent of all substantive decisions taken during 2010, while\nthe Total Recognition Rate (TRR) was\n39 per cent. **[(34)]** Both values are below the\nrates in 2009 (38 per cent for RRR and\n47 per cent for TRR). However, at this\ntime global recognition rates are indicative as some States have not yet reported\nthe relevant data. Also, the proportion of\npositive decisions is in reality higher as\ndecisions for those rejected on appeal are\noften counted twice.\nAmong the main receiving industrialized countries, Switzerland and Finland had the highest TRR at the first\ninstance in 2010 (73% and 61%, respectively). Among the main countries of\norigin of asylum-seekers in 2010, those\noriginating from Eritrea, Myanmar\nand Somalia had TRRs of over 80 per\ncent at the first instance. Recognition\nrates were also high for asylum-seekers\nfrom the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (66%), Iraq (65%), Colombia (64%),\nEthiopia (58%), Afghanistan (53%), and\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran (51%).\nBy the end of the year, more than\n837,500 individuals around the world\nwere still awaiting a decision on their\nasylum claim. This figure includes\npeople at any level of the asylum procedure; the real magnitude of undecided\nasylum cases is unknown as many\ncountries were not able to report this\ninformation. n\n\n\n34 _In the absence of an internationally agreed_\n_methodology for calculating recognition rates, UNHCR_\n_uses two rates to compute the proportion of refugee claims_\n_accepted during the year. The_ **Refugee Recognition Rate**\n_divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention_\n_refugee status by the total number of substantive decisions_\n_(Convention status, complementary protection, and rejected_\n_cases)._\n_The_ **Total Recognition Rate** _divides the number of_\n_asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status and_\n_complementary form of protection by the total number of_\n_substantive decisions (Convention status, complementary_\n_protection, and rejected cases). Non-substantive decisions_\n_are, to the extent possible, excluded from both calculations._\n_For the purpose of global comparability, UNHCR only uses_\n_these two recognition rates and does not report nationally_\n_calculated rates._\n\n\n\nVII\n###### Stateless Persons\n\n\n_Identifying stateless_\n_persons remained_\n_key to addressing_\n_their problems and_\n_to discharging the_\n_responsibility entrusted_\n_to UNHCR in regard_\n_to this population. This_\n_responsibility is not_\n_limited to the prevention_\n_and reduction of_\n_statelessness and_\n_the protection of_\n_stateless persons, but_\n_also involves raising_\n_awareness among_\n_the international_\n_community of the_\n_magnitude of this_\n_problem. Measuring_\n_statelessness is_\n_complicated by the_\n_very nature of the_\n_phenomenon. Stateless_\n_people often live in a_\n_precarious situation_\n_on the margins of_\n_society, frequently lack_\n_identity documentation_\n_and are subject to_\n_discrimination._\n\n\n\nnly a minority\u0003 of\ncountries have procedures\nin place for the identification, registration and\ndocumentation of stateless\npersons, which facilitates gathering\n# **O**\nprecise data. The statistics in this report\u0003\ntherefore only include data on countries\nfor which reliable official statistics or estimates of stateless populations are available. Annex **Table 7** also includes some\ncountries (marked with an asterisk) that\nhad significant stateless populations but\nfor which no reliable figures were provided, including C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, India and\nIndonesia.\nThe data on statelessness in 2010\nshowed a continuation of the trend observed in previous years of a gradual\nexpansion in coverage of and knowledge about stateless persons. By the end\nof 2010, statistics on statelessness were\navailable for 65 countries, five more than\nin 2009. This compares to 30 countries\nin 2004, the year UNHCR started collecting statistics on stateless populations\nin a more systematic way, and reflects\n\n\n\nthe efforts of UNHCR offices to gather\nbetter data on statelessness. These efforts were bolstered by an increasing\nawareness of statelessness in a number\nof countries around the world.\nFor 2010, the number of identified stateless individuals stood at some\n3.5 million persons. This compares to\n6.6 million at the end of 2009. The\nreduction reflected methodological\nchanges for counting stateless persons\nrather than an actual reduction in statelessness.\nThere was nonetheless a significant\ndrop in the number of stateless persons\ndue to acquisition or confirmation of\nnationality by stateless persons. Approximately 137,500 stateless persons\nacquired nationality, mainly in 12 countries. Almost half of this figure was as a\nresult of progress to resolve the situation\nof Faili Kurds in Iraq, as well as some\nindividuals who had acquired nationality prior to 2010 but who had not been\npreviously reported.\nDespite improvements in the number\nof countries reporting and the reliability\n\n\n\nof population figures, UNHCR was not\nin a position to provide comprehensive\nstatistics on the number of stateless persons in all countries around the world.\nAs a result, there was a discrepancy between reliable country-level data report\n\n\ned by UNHCR and the total number of\nstateless persons worldwide, estimated\nat up to 12 million people. Increased data\ncoverage will help gradually narrow\nthis gap. n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**28** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **29**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Recognition Rate\nAt", - "confidence": 0.6134291291236877, - "start": 44, - "end": 47 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.7967953681945801, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "who", - "confidence": 0.6946998834609985, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Recognition Rate", - "confidence": 0.6216312050819397, - "start": 61, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7950134873390198, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "level", - "confidence": 0.5067179203033447, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9134255647659302, - "start": 80, - "end": 81 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "who", - "confidence": 0.96068274974823, - "start": 26, - "end": 27 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TRR", - "confidence": 0.6317119598388672, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.8887133598327637, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.8974087238311768, - "start": 207, - "end": 208 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Recognition Rate", - "confidence": 0.8648714423179626, - "start": 377, - "end": 380 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8939540386199951, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.77903151512146, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9726223349571228, - "start": 386, - "end": 387 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.5463280081748962, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "\u0003", - "confidence": 0.5872399210929871, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7084625959396362, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "have", - "confidence": 0.7663530111312866, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5649709701538086, - "start": 699, - "end": 700 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons,", - "confidence": 0.9668234586715698, - "start": 614, - "end": 616 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on statelessness", - "confidence": 0.7580530047416687, - "start": 695, - "end": 698 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7466657757759094, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "have", - "confidence": 0.5966794490814209, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.794038712978363, - "start": 699, - "end": 700 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons,", - "confidence": 0.8773341774940491, - "start": 614, - "end": 616 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics on stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.9469548463821411, - "start": 757, - "end": 761 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8405160903930664, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.7104747295379639, - "start": 904, - "end": 905 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2004", - "confidence": 0.8048112392425537, - "start": 750, - "end": 751 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless individuals", - "confidence": 0.6176223754882812, - "start": 807, - "end": 809 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "VIII\n###### Other groups or people of concern\n\n\nNHCR extended its\nprotection\u0003 or assistance activities to individuals whom it considers \u201cof\nconcern\u201d but who do not fall\ninto any of the above population cat# **U**\negories. These activities were based on\nhumanitarian or other special grounds,\nand included asylum-seekers rejected by\nStates but whom UNHCR deemed to be\nin need of humanitarian assistance or\notherwise of concern to the Office.\nThe number of people in this category tripled from 412,000 at the start\nof 2010 to more than 1.2 million at year\nend. The increase was primarily due to\nthe inclusion of 838,000 people in Afghanistan. These people were former\nrefugees who returned to Afghanistan\nprior to 2010 but who had not been\nable to reintegrate due to, among other\nreasons, a difficult economic situation,\na lack of comprehensive reintegration\nmeasures, and security concerns. Many\nof these individuals continued to benefit\nfrom UNHCR\u2019s assistance. n\n\n\n\n**Afghanistan |\u0003**\n**Angelina Jolie \u0003** UNHCR\nGoodwill Ambassador\nAngelina Jolie visits\nAfghanistan and calls for\u2026\n\n\n\n**These Afghan refugee returnees are unable**\n**to achieve sustainable reintegration\u0003** in their\nplaces of origin due to lack of employment and a\ndifficult security situation. Returnees often drift\nto the Afghan capital Kabul in search of work,\nand rely on UNHCR\u2019s assistance to get by.\n\n\n\n**30** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **31**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IX\n###### Demographic and location characteristics\n\n\n_UNHCR offices in the Field were encouraged to collect and disseminate sex and age-_\n_disaggregated information on persons of concern. Location data is crucial for identifying gaps_\n_in interventions and disparities in legal and physical protection. Demographic data is critical for_\n_planning, implementing, and evaluating humanitarian support and programmes._\n\n\n**Demographic characteristics**\n\n\n\nand stateless persons (26%). The availability of data also differed by region. In\nthe Americas, and in the Middle East\nand North Africa regions, demographic\ninformation for all persons of concern\nwas available for 89 and 79 per cent respectively. This was compared to slightly over 50 per cent available in Asia and\nin Africa. Europe was the only region\nwhere demographic data was available\nfor less than half of all persons of concern by the end of 2010.\nThe available data by sex (21 million\npeople) showed that women represented about half (49%) of most populations\nfalling under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility.\nThey constituted 47 per cent of refugees, 50 per cent of IDPs and returned\nrefugees, and 53 per cent of stateless\npersons **[(35)]** . In terms of refugees, women\nrepresented less than half of these populations in most regions. The lowest proportion of refugee women was found in\nEurope (44%), and the highest in Central\n\n\n\nAfrica and the Great Lakes region (53%).\nThe averages, however, hid significant\nvariations across locations. Among the\nmajor refugee-hosting countries, the\npercentage of refugee women ranged\nfrom 57 per cent in Chad to 31 per cent\nin Malaysia. **[(36) ]**\n\n\nage\nInformation on the age breakdown\u0003 was\navailable for 14.1 million (42%) of the 33.9\nmillion persons of concern to UNHCR.\nThe data coverage was relatively high\nfor refugees (65%) and refugee returnees\n(86%). On average, some 47 per cent of\npersons of concern were children under the age of 18, 11 per cent of whom\nwere under the age of five. About half\nof the population was between the ages\nof 18 and 59 years, whereas 5 per cent\nwere 60 years or older. Among refugees\nand people in refugee-like situations,\nchildren constituted 44 per cent of the\npopulation. Their proportion was sig\n\n\n**Internally displaced persons\u0003**\nin Colombia. A mother\nhugs her surviving son; her\nother son was murdered by\nparamilitaries after they forced\nher and her family to flee their\nhome in Colombia.\n\n\n\n**Colombia |\u0003**\n**Surviving in the City\u0003**\nConflict has forced more\nthan 3 million Colombians\nto flee their homes\u2026\n\n\n\nThe demographic information\u0003 available\non persons of concern to UNHCR was\npartial and variable across countries and\npopulation categories. UNHCR efforts\nto improve availability of demographic\ndata have yielded significant results in\nrecent years. By the end of 2010, demographic data was available for 21 million\npersons of concern in over 140 countries.\nIn absolute terms, the availability of sex\nand age-disaggregated data for persons\nof concern to the Office has almost doubled since 2005, increasing from 11 to\n21 million. In relative terms, however,\navailability has remained relatively\nstable compared to previous years with\nslightly over 60 per cent coverage for\npersons of concern. The availability of\ndemographic data varied significantly\ndepending on the type of population and\nthe region. Data availability was high\nfor refugees (72%), IDPs (70%), refugee\nreturnees (90%), and others of concern\n(86%); and low for IDP returnees (19%)\n\n\n\n**Bangladesh |\u0003 A**\n**Life on Hold\u0003** The story\nof Noor Jahan, a refugee\nfrom Myanmar\u2026\n\n\n\n35 _Based on only 26 per cent data coverage for this category. Returned IDPs were excluded due to very low data coverage._\n36 _Figures based on at least 50 per cent data coverage._\n\n\n\n**32** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **33**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Location data", - "confidence": 0.8155550360679626, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7399793863296509, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Americas", - "confidence": 0.5914899110794067, - "start": 91, - "end": 92 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6529431343078613, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.924619734287262, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic data", - "confidence": 0.7229124307632446, - "start": 49, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7050561308860779, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6268422603607178, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.7258729934692383, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data by sex (", - "confidence": 0.757686197757721, - "start": 163, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2019", - "confidence": 0.8132617473602295, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": ".", - "confidence": 0.907045304775238, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "of concern by", - "confidence": 0.5885573625564575, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information on the age breakdown\u0003", - "confidence": 0.8257433176040649, - "start": 319, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2019", - "confidence": 0.7643900513648987, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "of concern by", - "confidence": 0.5927690863609314, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic\ndata", - "confidence": 0.5068233609199524, - "start": 540, - "end": 542 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8887242674827576, - "start": 523, - "end": 524 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.5071238875389099, - "start": 593, - "end": 594 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9442041516304016, - "start": 519, - "end": 522 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "varied significantly", - "confidence": 0.9762693643569946, - "start": 634, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "72", - "confidence": 0.7482709288597107, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.995790958404541, - "start": 758, - "end": 762 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6679726839065552, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.935490071773529, - "start": 761, - "end": 762 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 5 **Accommodation of refugees** | end-2010\n\n\n|No. of
refugees
2,443,600
331,500
2,697,800
2,390,600
349,000|Distribution
30%
4%
33%
29%
4%|%
women
49%
48%
47%
47%
51%|%
children
52%
49%
44%
37%
57%|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|8,212,500
100%
48%
47%
_ 2,337,200_
** 10,549,700**|8,212,500
100%
48%
47%
_ 2,337,200_
** 10,549,700**|8,212,500
100%
48%
47%
_ 2,337,200_
** 10,549,700**|8,212,500
100%
48%
47%
_ 2,337,200_
** 10,549,700**|\n\n\n\nmainly found in rural areas, whereas\nindividual accommodation was the prevailing type of residence in urban areas. Almost half of all refugees residing\nin camps were located in sub-Saharan\nAfrica, with another 43 per cent located\nin Asia. There was no difference in the\nuse of accommodation types by male\nand female refugees. Refugee children,\nhowever, constituted more than half of\nthose in camps or settlements, whereas\nthe proportion dropped to 37 per cent\nfor children living in individual accommodation. n\n\n\n\nnificantly higher among refugees who\nreturned home in 2010 (55%). This had\nimplications with respect to planning\nfor sustainable returns, especially in relation to investments required in education, nutrition and health. By contrast,\nchildren constituted only 31 per cent\n\n\n\ntablished in urban areas, and returned\nrefugees were evenly divided between\nthe two.\nOf the 10.5 million refugees, the\ntype of accommodation was known for\n8.2 million (78%). UNHCR offices reported that approximately one-third\nwas living either dispersed (33%), in\ncamps (30%), or in an individual type of\naccommodation (29%). Collective centers and settlements were the least often\nreported types of accommodation of\nrefugees (4 per cent each).\nRefugee camps and settlements were\n\n\n\n37 _Even though UNHCR offices reported information on the location for a total of 28.4 million persons of concern, the_\n_location type for 16.6 million persons (mostly IDPs) was either unclear or a mixture of types._\n\n\n\nof asylum-seekers, a population often\ncomposed of single men, particularly in\nindustrialized countries. Among all age\ngroups for refugee children, boys and\ngirls were fairly equally distributed.\nThe availability of information according to age breakdown was particu\n\n\n**Location characteristics**\n\n\n\nlarly limited for developed countries in\nEurope, North America and Oceania.\nThus, the figures were not fully representative of the entire population under\nUNHCR\u2019s responsibility.\n\n\nSimilar to demographical data, location\ninformation for refugees and returned\nrefugees was respectively 66 and 69 per\ncent available. The available data on 11.8\nmillion persons revealed that IDPs (including returned IDPs) predominantly\nresided in rural areas, refugees and\nasylum-seekers were more often es\n\n\nIn an effort to improve\u0003 the information\non the type of location of persons of concern, UNHCR revised its statistical classification in 2010. UNHCR offices were\nrequested to report on whether beneficiaries resided in urban areas, rural areas,\nor a mixed/unknown location. Further\nreporting was then made on the type of\n\n\n\naccommodation. The latter was broken\ndown by the following categories: individual accommodation, camp, collective\ncenter, dispersed, settlement, or undefined if the type was unclear. The first\ncategorization resulted in the reporting\nof some 900 individual locations, covering 11.8 million persons of concern. **[(37)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n**34** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **35**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data,", - "confidence": 0.5936482548713684, - "start": 694, - "end": 696 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2019", - "confidence": 0.8410018086433411, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "and", - "confidence": 0.7194017171859741, - "start": 700, - "end": 701 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on", - "confidence": 0.5053936839103699, - "start": 714, - "end": 716 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "\u2019", - "confidence": 0.9325066804885864, - "start": 687, - "end": 688 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6141477823257446, - "start": 766, - "end": 767 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "beneficiaries", - "confidence": 0.5927321910858154, - "start": 776, - "end": 777 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical classification", - "confidence": 0.5728006958961487, - "start": 763, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8708826303482056, - "start": 760, - "end": 761 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.5660566687583923, - "start": 766, - "end": 767 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.8775694370269775, - "start": 766, - "end": 767 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.8500630259513855, - "start": 756, - "end": 759 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "X\n###### Who are included in the statistics?\n\n\n\n**Refugees** include individuals\nrecognized under the 1951\nConvention relating to the Status\nof Refugees; its 1967 Protocol; the\n1969 OAU Convention Governing\nthe Specific Aspects of Refugee\nProblems in Africa; those\nrecognized in accordance with\nthe UNHCR Statute; individuals\ngranted complementary forms of\nprotection; **[(38)]** or, those enjoying\ntemporary protection. **[(39)]** The\nrefugee population also includes\npeople in a refugee-like situation. **[(40)]**\n\n\n**Internally displaced persons**\nare people or groups of individuals\nwho have been forced to leave\ntheir homes or places of habitual\nresidence, in particular as a result\nof, or in order to avoid the effects\nof armed conflict, situations of\ngeneralized violence, violations of\nhuman rights, or natural/humanmade disasters, and who have not\ncrossed an international border. **[(41)]**\nFor purposes of UNHCR\u2019s statistics,\nthis population only includes\nconflict-generated IDPs to whom\nthe Office extends protection and/\nor assistance. The IDP population\nalso includes people in an IDP-like\nsituation. **[(42)]**\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers** are individuals\nwho have sought international\nprotection and whose claims for\nrefugee status have not yet been\ndetermined. Those covered in\n\n\n\nthis report refer to claimants\nwhose individual applications\nwere pending at the end of 2010,\nirrespective of when they may have\nbeen lodged.\n\n\n**Stateless** **persons** are individuals\ndefined under international law as\npersons who are not considered as\nnationals by any State under the\noperation of its law. In other words,\nthey do not possess the nationality\nof any State. UNHCR statistics\nmainly refer to persons who fall\nunder the international definition\nof a stateless person but data from\nsome countries also include de facto\nstateless persons, as well as persons\nwith undetermined nationality.\nUNHCR has been given a global\nmandate by the United Nations\nGeneral Assembly to contribute\nto the prevention and reduction\nof statelessness and the protection\nof stateless persons. The Office\nalso has specific functions under\nArticle 11 of the 1961 Convention on\nthe Reduction of Statelessness to\nreceive claims from persons who\nmay benefit from the safeguards\ncontained in that Convention\nand to assist them and the States\nconcerned to resolve those claims.\nUNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee\nhas requested the Office to report\nregularly on the magnitude of the\nphenomenon.\n\n\n\n**Returned refugees (returnees)**\nrefer to refugees who have returned\nvoluntarily to their country of\norigin or habitual residence. For\npurposes of this report, only\nrefugees who returned between\nJanuary and December 2010 are\nincluded. However, in practice,\noperations may assist returnees for\nlonger periods.\n\n\n**Returned IDPs** refer to those IDPs\nwho were beneficiaries of UNHCR\u2019s\nprotection and assistance activities\nand who returned to their areas\nof origin or habitual residence\nbetween January and December\n2010. However, in practice,\noperations may assist IDP returnees\nfor longer periods.\n\n\n**Other groups or people of**\n**concern** refer to individuals who\ndo not necessarily fall directly\ninto any of the groups above but\nto whom UNHCR has extended\nits protection and/or assistance\nservices, based on humanitarian or\nother special grounds.\n\n\n\n**Resettled Iraqi refugees\u0003** in\nNuremberg, Germany.\n\n38 _Complementary protection refers to protection provided under national or regional law in countries which do not grant 1951 Convention refugee status to people who are in need of_\n_international protection against serious risks._\n39 _Temporary protection refers to arrangements developed by States to offer protection of a temporary nature to people arriving from situations of conflict or generalized violence without the_\n_necessity for formal or individual status determination. This usually applies to situations of large-scale influx._\n40 _The term is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are outside their country or territory of origin and who face protection risks similar to refugees, but for whom refugee_\n_status has, for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained._\n41 _See:_ Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Addendum to the Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General _, Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission_\n_(on Human Rights) Resolution 1997/39, United Nations, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add2 (1998)._\n42 _The term is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are inside their country of nationality or habitual residence and who face protection risks similar to IDPs but who, for_\n_practical or other reasons, could not be reported as such._\n\n\n**36** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **UNHCR Global Trends 2010** **37**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 1\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2010\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of\nasylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\nBolivia\n(Plurinational State of)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nMicronesia\n(Federated States of)\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of\nasylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected\n/assisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected\n/assisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
43
76
94,144
15,155
-
3,276
3,296
-
21,805
42,630
1,891
21
165
29,253
589
17,892
134
7,139
695
-
7,016
2,986
4,357
2
-
5,530
531
29,365
129
104,275
165,549
1
21,574
347,939
1,621
300,986
154
-
212
-
133,112
12,371
26,218
863
411
7
3,394
2,449
166,336
17,922
15,104
-
599
52,905
95,056
38
-
4,809
39
154,295|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
6,391
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,134
-
73
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68,344
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
6,434
76
94,144
15,155
-
3,276
3,296
-
21,805
42,630
1,891
28
165
229,253
589
17,892
134
7,139
695
-
7,016
2,986
4,357
2
-
5,530
531
29,365
129
104,275
165,549
1
21,574
347,939
1,621
300,986
154
-
212
-
133,112
19,505
26,218
936
411
7
3,394
2,449
166,336
17,922
15,104
-
599
121,249
95,056
38
-
4,809
39
154,295|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_6,434_
_76_
_90,139_
_4,997_
_-_
_241_
_3,275_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1,891_
_27_
_165_
_29,253_
_231_
_-_
_98_
_7,139_
_283_
_-_
_1,370_
_2,986_
_2,820_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_531_
_29,365_
_129_
_104,275_
_-_
_-_
_4,319_
_328,746_
_-_
_68_
_154_
_-_
_69_
_-_
_133,112_
_15,800_
_26,218_
_936_
_377_
_7_
_-_
_-_
_107,580_
_-_
_15,104_
_-_
_154_
_52,905_
_25,056_
_7_
_-_
_4,809_
_-_
_154,295_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
30
23
304
4,241
-
947
23
1
3,760
25,625
17
9
69
-
66
18,288
30
101
41
1
153
249
872
-
-
1,412
534
12,062
51
2,383
51,025
4
1,219
110
274
122
486
9
167
-
5,524
375
256
81
11
2
5,396
1,065
932
3,363
732
-
1,759
49,887
14,303
18
-
137
10
1,028|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
1
8,724
200,687
9,015
8,378
639
594,269
13,828
1,444
-
138
14,113
7,679
7
-
14
5,414
83
184,821
811
1,073,366
34,655
9,107
337
56,397
21
2,586
450,915
714
402,905
184
508
-
68
7,949
-
24,735
7,923
92
803
3,254
-
5,740
80,651
13,558
6,136
717
-
1,395
-
-
12
16,364
-
792
4,077
-
7,254
87,514
74,961|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25,134
-
-
-
-
3,692
-
-
1,950
-
-
114
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
865
-
-
26,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,294
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
1
8,724
200,687
9,015
8,378
639
594,269
13,828
1,444
-
138
14,113
7,679
7
-
14
5,414
83
184,821
811
1,073,366
34,655
9,107
25,471
56,397
21
2,586
450,915
4,406
402,905
184
2,458
-
68
8,063
-
24,743
7,923
92
803
3,254
-
5,740
81,516
13,558
6,136
26,717
-
1,395
-
-
12
16,364
-
792
4,077
-
7,254
89,808
74,961|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_1_
_-_
_-_
_9,015_
_8,330_
_639_
_-_
_13,828_
_-_
_-_
_7_
_14,113_
_7,679_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_14,823_
_811_
_1,073,366_
_34,655_
_-_
_9,587_
_-_
_20_
_727_
_31,013_
_655_
_402,905_
_-_
_958_
_-_
_-_
_8,063_
_-_
_24,743_
_1,913_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_5,740_
_81,516_
_13,558_
_-_
_535_
_-_
_200_
_-_
_-_
_12_
_16,364_
_-_
_792_
_2,384_
_-_
_7,254_
_72,514_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
6
2,097
48,576
4,132
74
44
51,991
749
55,724
3
2
764
330
-
4
-
367
39
3,746
2,071
1,775
3,073
5,129
5,575
4,076
-
3,078
2,159
314
27,966
3,275
554
-
53
1,417
-
28
3,194
44
71
696
-
9,362
11,339
1,703
1,295
241
-
172
-
1
1
5
14
280
5,914
-
1,421
938
13,053|\n\n\n\n**38** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **39**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 1\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of\nasylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\nOccupied Palestinian\nTerritory\n\n\nSaint Vincent and\nthe Grenadines\n\n\nSerbia\n(and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244)\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav\nRepublic of Macedonia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
538
238,150
109,286
264,574
189
311
4
1,547
1,928
190,092
47,857
4,435|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
538
238,150
109,286
264,574
189
311
4
201,547
1,928
190,092
47,857
4,435|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_538_
_-_
_109,286_
_-_
_105_
_311_
_4_
_21,145_
_-_
_109,102_
_6,550_
_4,435_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
86
14,880
1,247
6,285
40
-
-
15,859
-
2,557
325
416|\n\n\n\nNotes\n_The data are generally provided by Governments, based on their own definitions and methods of data_\n_collection._\n_A dash (-) indicates that the value is zero, not available or not applicable._\n1 _Country or territory of asylum or residence._\n2 _Persons recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969 OAU_\n_Convention, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute, persons granted a complementary form of_\n_protection and those granted temporary protection. In the absence of Government figures, UNHCR has_\n_estimated the refugee population in 24 industrialized countries based on 10 years of individual refugee_\n_recognition._\n3 _This category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of persons who are outside their country or_\n_territory of origin and who face protection risks similar to those of refugees, but for whom refugee status_\n_has, for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained._\n4 _Persons whose application for asylum or refugee status is pending at any stage in the asylum procedure._\n5 _Refugees who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar year. Source: country of origin_\n_and asylum._\n6 _Persons who are displaced within their country and to whom UNHCR extends protection and/_\n_or assistance. It also includes people in IDP-like situations. This category is descriptive in nature and_\n_includes groups of persons who are inside their country of nationality or habitual residence and who face_\n_protection risks similar to those of IDPs but who, for practical or other reasons, could not be reported as_\n_such._\n7 _IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar_\n_year._\n8 _Refers to persons who are not considered nationals by any State under the operation of its laws. See_\n_annex table 7 for footnotes._\n9 _Refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly into any of the other groups but to whom_\n_UNHCR may extend its protection and/or assistance services. These activities might be based on_\n_humanitarian or other special grounds._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs protected\n/assisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 _According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000 Sahrawi refugees in the_\n_Tindouf camps._\n11 _The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from the_\n_Government of China._\n12 _IDP figure in Georgia includes 124,000 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n13 _Refugee figures for Iraqis in Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic are Government estimates._\n14 _IDP figure in Kyrgyzstan includes 20,000 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n15 _According to UNHCR, and based on lists provided by refugee communities in Malaysia, there are_\n_10,000 unregistered asylum-seekers in Malaysia who share the same profile as the current population of_\n_asylum-seekers and refugees and who are being progressively registered and having their refugee status_\n_determined._\n16 _Refugee population: this is an estimated number of Afghan refugees registered with the Government_\n_of Pakistan, and is subject to change after completion of the verification exercise ongoing at the time of_\n_reporting._\n_Returned IDPs: this figure includes spontaneous returns in 2009 that could only be verified in 2010._\n17 _IDP figure in the Russian Federation includes 22,200 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n18 _Asylum-seekers (pending cases) refers to an estimated 171,700 undecided cases at first instance at the_\n_end of 2009 (no update available) ._\n19 _IDP figure in Sudan includes 76,100 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n20 _Figures for stateless persons are based on ongoing discussions between the Thai authorities and_\n_UNHCR and will be further verified in the course of the year._\n21 _The IDP figure at the end of 2010 represents the remaining IDP population in camps, former camps,_\n_settlements and transit sites. They remain of concern to UNHCR together with the 303,000 who have_\n_already returned to their villages._\n\n\nSource: _UNHCR/Governments._\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
2,307
64
314
8,747
40,260
-
78
1,900,621
-
2,073
4,698
107
1,146
243
15,555
384
51
358
148
1,021
4,922
55,398
-
-
1
-
-
555
20,672
73,608
8,363
7
461
312
1,937
57,899
3,820
223
144,008
1
759
82,629
48,813
1,005,472
3,131
96,675
959
1
14,051
-
29
89
10,032
62
135,801
2,522|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15,000
5,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34,300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
439
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
2,307
64
314
8,747
40,260
-
78
1,900,621
-
17,073
9,698
107
1,146
243
15,555
384
51
358
148
1,021
4,922
55,398
-
-
1
-
-
582
20,672
73,608
8,363
7
461
314
1,937
57,899
3,820
223
178,308
1
759
82,629
48,813
1,005,472
3,131
96,675
1,398
1
14,051
-
29
89
10,032
62
135,801
3,022|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_11_
_314_
_8,747_
_-_
_-_
_78_
_1,900,621_
_-_
_3,967_
_2,639_
_94_
_136_
_65_
_-_
_-_
_51_
_9_
_148_
_270_
_4,922_
_55,398_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_582_
_20,672_
_73,608_
_8,341_
_7_
_-_
_-_
_1,937_
_-_
_-_
_223_
_109,391_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_140,677_
_2,053_
_96,675_
_1,398_
_1_
_4,155_
_-_
_29_
_38_
_10,032_
_62_
_135,801_
_318_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
216
12
18
1,815
12,473
-
13
2,095
-
479
1
8
264
73
2,126
72
16
712
81
388
1,463
290
-
6
3
-
-
87
2,177
209
210
-
267
121
24,111
171,702
2,715
138
6,046
7
-
18,635
12,916
2,446
1,656
10,250
161
4
151
3
102
23
6,715
-
20,804
2,981|\n\n\n\n**40** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **41**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.5372534990310669, - "start": 576, - "end": 577 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Government figures", - "confidence": 0.8338360786437988, - "start": 667, - "end": 669 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9363739490509033, - "start": 647, - "end": 648 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "24 industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.7958953380584717, - "start": 677, - "end": 680 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP figure", - "confidence": 0.9469441771507263, - "start": 1300, - "end": 1302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7449595332145691, - "start": 1329, - "end": 1330 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Russian Federation", - "confidence": 0.9353240132331848, - "start": 1206, - "end": 1208 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.7581833004951477, - "start": 1243, - "end": 1244 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REFUGEES", - "confidence": 0.6223568320274353, - "start": 1353, - "end": 1354 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2010", - "confidence": 0.9983966946601868, - "start": 2785, - "end": 2789 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.8040919303894043, - "start": 2786, - "end": 2787 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9927757978439331, - "start": 2788, - "end": 2789 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 2\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2010\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nBolivia\n(Plurinational State of)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\nDem. People\u2019s Rep.\nof Korea\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
3,054,709
14,772
6,688
6
134,858
30
557
17,546
-
37
10
16,753
17
87
10,046
32
5,743
83
23
442
-
72,776
590
62,910
53
994
1
2,559
1,141
84,064
16,301
14,963
90
25
1
162,755
21,583
1,170
184,602
17
10
113,233
368
20,679
1
352
41,758
65,861
6,470
13
817
917
476,693
9
566
52
246
852
6,911|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,294
-
94
-
-
-
-
4
-
13
-
-
-
-
2,150
32,150
-
-
-
-
282,344
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,007
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
3,054,709
14,772
6,689
6
134,858
30
557
17,547
-
37
10
16,753
17
87
10,049
32
5,743
83
23
442
-
75,070
590
63,004
53
994
1
2,559
1,145
84,064
16,314
14,963
90
25
1
164,905
53,733
1,170
184,602
17
10
395,577
368
20,679
1
352
41,758
65,861
7,477
13
817
917
476,693
9
566
52
246
852
6,913|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_2,946,515_
_10_
_90_
_-_
_90,403_
_-_
_13_
_56_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_2,430_
_-_
_-_
_36_
_-_
_19_
_-_
_1_
_17_
_-_
_72,252_
_117_
_25,614_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_14_
_12_
_69,725_
_101_
_2,131_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_156,893_
_32,670_
_6_
_259_
_-_
_-_
_87,520_
_-_
_9,383_
_-_
_-_
_32,304_
_55,233_
_1,396_
_4_
_4_
_20_
_390,470_
_-_
_72_
_-_
_12_
_29_
_100_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
37,103
1,356
1,672
2
720
31
90
2,936
1
10
3
2,066
30
26
6,508
63
737
9
10
227
1
1,021
130
1,347
188
249
1
128
498
7,507
137
1,946
5
10
-
1,507
2,686
166
7,742
83
-
59,954
13
2,985
1
76
5,794
355
4,219
3
1,160
277
42,896
4
232
18
394
209
1,587|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
4,976
305
205,458
240
68,832
-
1,851
6
92
-
-
165
2,242
10,143
164
20,201
2
51
345
5,679
11,985
1,127
749
25,892
-
1,302
1,438
4
17,769
11,085
68,795
1,683,575
8
1,301
50
1,057
152
2,252
3,640
8,602
33
988
2,744
8,413
713
15,869
11
70,089
2,309
-
515
-
269
171
552
19
3,663
6
-
-
37,733|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
17,000
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,807
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
28
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
4,976
305
222,460
240
68,848
-
1,851
6
92
-
-
165
2,242
10,640
164
20,203
2
51
345
5,679
11,985
1,127
749
25,892
-
1,302
1,438
4
17,769
16,892
68,791
1,683,579
8
1,301
50
1,057
152
2,254
3,632
8,602
33
988
2,744
8,414
713
15,869
11
70,129
2,309
-
515
-
270
171
552
19
3,663
6
-
-
37,733|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_480_
_65_
_123,477_
_-_
_34,655_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_9_
_13_
_2,564_
_3_
_3,796_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_74_
_137_
_36_
_1_
_312_
_-_
_48_
_2_
_-_
_22_
_3,450_
_10,721_
_238,518_
_-_
_17_
_-_
_8_
_-_
_89_
_8_
_3,844_
_-_
_32_
_24_
_206_
_3_
_40_
_-_
_62,418_
_17_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_30_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_9_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_30,499_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
1,543
53
13,575
18
48,856
-
300
2
44
1
-
37
998
7,172
36
2,003
-
37
64
1,021
2,576
335
171
7,202
-
797
3,558
2
3,854
456
16,026
29,927
7
798
54
561
8
621
745
1,663
4
97
1,562
71
183
1,518
5
1,895
566
1
124
1
22
68
128
3
397
1
-
-
739|\n\n\n\n**42** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **43**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 2\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMicronesia\n(Federated States of)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav\nRepublic of Macedonia\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOccupied Palestinian\nTerritory **[(13)]**\n\n\nSaint Vincent and\nthe Grenadines\n\n\nSerbia\n(and Kosovo: UNSCR 1244)\n\n\n\nUnited States\nof America\n\n\nVenezuela\n(Bolivarian Rep. of)\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
42
141,063
379,067
25
36
24
19
18,428
577
348
7,890
15,082
8
18,329
6
255
2,173
146,793
738
1
-
6,441
25,111
424
152
1,144
3,025
186
-
6,886
1
6,701
338,698
-
90,415
2,075
228
24,089
16,909
160,671|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
12
8,137
-
-
1
-
24
-
8
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1,950
-
-
-
-
26,000
1
-
-
1
7,134|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
42
141,074
387,288
25
36
25
19
18,452
577
356
7,889
15,082
8
18,330
6
255
2,174
146,794
738
1
-
6,441
25,111
424
153
1,144
3,026
186
-
8,840
1
6,701
338,698
-
116,415
2,076
228
24,089
16,910
167,805|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_4_
_3,033_
_352,553_
_-_
_2_
_1_
_-_
_704_
_43_
_8_
_43_
_-_
_-_
_7,931_
_-_
_-_
_42_
_15,667_
_21_
_-_
_-_
_865_
_46_
_-_
_1_
_28_
_11_
_1_
_-_
_869_
_-_
_243_
_193_
_-_
_90,380_
_307_
_1_
_803_
_135_
_4,492_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
70
8,563
23,696
7
52
28
1
9,752
331
228
2,850
-
1
1,020
10
146
557
7,509
66
2
-
937
1,259
29
46
212
875
51
-
1,617
2
607
1,129
-
27
627
58
1,007
4,159
274,273|\n\n\n\n**Total** **9,952,412** **597,272** **10,549,686** **5,849,110** **837,478** **197,626** **14,697,804** **2,923,233** **3,463,070** **1,255,579** **33,924,475**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
28
6,816
-
2
1,724
3,246
-
2,284
131
215,644
1,017
-
5,884
53
-
15
1,431
803
15,639
-
7
93,299
63
33,591
-
100
89
86
5,834
953
-
1,764
30
-
112
585
6,200
3,933
108,261
114,836
7
334
946
1
2
33
667
16,267
182,955
49
11,277
76
158
38
75
770,148
380|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,026
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
24
-
6,391
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3,693
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
418
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
28
6,816
-
2
1,724
3,246
-
2,284
131
415,670
1,017
-
5,889
53
-
15
1,431
803
15,642
-
7
93,323
63
39,982
-
100
89
86
5,834
970
-
1,764
30
-
112
585
6,200
3,934
111,948
114,836
7
334
946
1
2
33
667
16,267
183,289
49
11,275
76
158
38
75
770,154
380|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_7_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_23_
_3_
_206,418_
_968_
_-_
_47_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_749_
_14_
_3,158_
_-_
_-_
_12,596_
_-_
_7,030_
_-_
_20_
_-_
_4_
_564_
_21_
_-_
_4_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_11_
_7_
_2,201_
_39,539_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_32_
_14_
_14,893_
_12,826_
_-_
_946_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_577,016_
_3_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
43
9,960
-
-
1,801
185
-
814
19
22,300
347
-
1,177
24
-
4
136
317
11,669
-
-
3,168
8
19,983
-
50
42
24
4,775
675
-
156
64
-
7
240
633
324
10,453
10,294
13
684
1,047
2
-
-
80
1,503
16,195
4
1,389
13
427
16
-
22,760
214|\n\n\n\n**44** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **45**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless** **persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2010 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)|\n\n\n\nunhcr-bureaux\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u00a9** 2011 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nAll rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.\n\n\nFor more information,\nplease contact:\n\n\nField Information and Coordination Support Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management\nCase Postale 2500\n1211 Geneva, Switzerland\n[stats@unhcr.org](mailto:stats@unhcr.org)\n\n\nThis document along with further information on global\ndisplacement is available on UNHCR\u2019s Statistics website:\n[http://www.unhcr.org/statistics](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics)\n\n\nand UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database:\n[http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase](http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase)\n\n\n**Cover photo:** A young Somali refugee waits with her\nration card to receive food at the Hagadera refugee\ncamp in Dadaab, Kenya.\n\nU N H C R / E . h o c k s t ei n\n\n\nproduced and printed by unhcr.\n\n\n\nNotes\n_The_ _data are generally provided by Governments, based on their own definitions and methods of data collection._\n_A_ _dash (-) indicates that the value is zero, not available or not applicable._\n\n\n1 _Country or territory of origin._\n2 _Persons recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969 OAU Convention, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute, persons granted a complementary form of protection and those_\n_granted temporary protection. In the absence of Government estimates, UNHCR has estimated the refugee population in 24 industrialized countries based on 10 years of individual refugee recognition._\n3 _This category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of persons who are outside their country or territory of origin and who face protection risks similar to those of refugees, but for whom refugee status has,_\n_for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained._\n4 _Persons whose application for asylum or refugee status is pending at any stage in the asylum procedure._\n5 _Refugees who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar year. Source: country of origin and asylum._\n6 _Persons who are displaced within their country and to whom UNHCR extends protection and/or assistance. It also includes people in IDP-like situations. This category is descriptive in nature and includes groups_\n_of persons who are inside their country of nationality or habitual residence and who face protection risks similar to those of IDPs but who, for practical or other reasons, could not be reported as such._\n7 _IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar year._\n8 _Refers to persons who are not considered nationals by any State under the operation of its laws. See annex table 7 for footnotes._\n9 _Refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly into any of the other groups but to whom UNHCR may extend its protection and/or assistance services. These activities might be based on humanitarian or_\n_other special grounds._\n10 _IDP figure in Georgia includes 124,000 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n11 _Refugee figures for Iraqis in Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic are Government estimates._\n12 _IDP figure in Kyrgyzstan includes 20,000 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n13 _Refers to Palestinian refugees under the UNHCR mandate only._\n14 _The figure for returned IDPs includes spontaneous returns in 2009 that could only be verified in 2010._\n15 _IDP figure in the Russian Federation includes 22,200 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n16 _IDP figure in Sudan includes 76,100 people who are in an IDP-like situation._\n17 _The IDP figure at the end of 2010 represents the remaining IDP population in camps, former camps, settlements and transit sites. They remain of concern to UNHCR together with the 303,000 who have already_\n_returned to their villages._\n18 _The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from the Government of China._\n19 _According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000 Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf camps._\n\n\nSource: _UNHCR/Governments._\n\n\n\n**46** UNHCR Global Trends 2010 UNHCR Global Trends 2010 **47**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TABLE 2", - "confidence": 0.6317754983901978, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ctnd", - "confidence": 0.9132552146911621, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "end-2010", - "confidence": 0.9166995882987976, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8024048805236816, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP figure", - "confidence": 0.8188204169273376, - "start": 884, - "end": 886 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Georgia", - "confidence": 0.5484902858734131, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Palestinian refugees", - "confidence": 0.5751086473464966, - "start": 815, - "end": 817 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/87c9610a-752f-3553-862d-f771e53bb7f4/4dfa11499.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_860/raw/doc_860_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_860/raw/doc_860_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8c23cb6fc0af81642861cb65f3027c0986b882cc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_860/raw/doc_860_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,899 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SOUTH SUDAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### PROTECTION RISKS FACING PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND OLDER PERSONS\n\n#### **OCTOBER 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n#### **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**\n\n\nThe most recent census in 2008 reported that 5% of the population in South Sudan, or approximately 424,000 people, were\nliving with a disability. However, the current number is likely to be much higher, **possibly reaching 1.2 million people, or 16%**\n**of the population,** according to the global estimate. [i]\n\n\nData in South Sudan suggests a **rapid increase in the number of older persons each year, mounting to 5.1% of the total**\n**population** **[ii]** with this percentage expected to continue to steadily increase.\n\n\nPeople with disabilities and older people in South Sudan are often **excluded and face multiple challenges in accessing essential**\n**services and protection.**\n\n\nSouth Sudan has signed and is in the process of ratifying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD),\na commitment previously made by the joint government of the South and the North before their separation. However, initial\nresearch indicates that the needs of individuals with disabilities are not prioritised in national plans, resulting in widespread\ndiscrimination that hinders their involvement in community activities and limits their access to income-generating\nopportunities, vocational training, and education, compared to those without disabilities. [iii]\n\n\nWomen with disabilities, in particular, face heightened vulnerability due to gender and disability related disparities in accessing\nservices and social support compared to both men and women without disabilities. An assessment conducted by Humanity &\nInclusion (HI) found that 92% of women with disabilities are illiterate, compared to 70% of women without disabilities and\n67% of men with disabilities, as well as 64% of men without disabilities. **Overall, 84% of respondents with disabilities were**\n**found to be at risk of experiencing violence and abuse due to their marginalized status.**\n\n\nDecades of civil war have increased the number of older people and persons with disabilities who are being left behind as they\nare unable to flee due to chronic health conditions and mobility impairments. People who have managed to flee the violence\nare often faced with barriers accessing protection and health services. Therefore, older people with and without disabilities in\nSouth Sudan face higher risks and greater challenges in getting the necessary humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n\n\n**2.** **Gender-based violence**\n\n\n**3.** **Torture or inhuman, cruel, or degrading treatment**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent action is needed to address the protection risks directly affecting persons with disabilities and older persons, with\nparticular attention to inclusive strategic intervention planning:\n\n\n- Address the erosion of livelihoods and purchasing power by the population with multi-sectoral initiatives to mitigate\neconomic impacts on the population, including for persons with disabilities, children, and women, to avoid the worrying\nincrease in child abuse and exploitation and trafficking seen in Railey, Sonrli and Upper Syle during the 2 [nd ] quarter of 2023.\n\n- Address institutional, environmental, attitudinal and communication barriers facing persons with disabilities in accessing\nprotection services.\n\n- According to Article 15 of the UNCRPD, State Parties must carry out measures through legislation, administration, and\njudicial systems to prevent persons with disabilities from being subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading\ntreatment or punishment.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "census", - "confidence": 0.8957741856575012, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9887102246284485, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7041624784469604, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9987494945526123, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "global estimate", - "confidence": 0.6618202328681946, - "start": 87, - "end": 89 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9740987420082092, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5542933344841003, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9447683095932007, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8971416354179382, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Humanity &\nInclusion", - "confidence": 0.6110234260559082, - "start": 308, - "end": 311 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9118119478225708, - "start": 447, - "end": 449 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.5934466123580933, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n#### **CONTEXT**\n\n\n**YOUNG POPULATION AND PREVALENCE OF DISABILITIES**\n\n\nSouth Sudan is a young nation with an average age of 18.8 years. In the absence of an updated census, it is estimated that 1.2\nmillion people, or 16% of the population have disabilities. The most commonly identified disabilities include visual\nimpairments, hearing impairments, and physical disabilities. [iv] Additionally, the proportion of older people in South Sudan is on\nthe rise, accounting for 5.1% of the population in 2016, an increase from 3.9% in 2008, and an indication that the number is\ngrowing each year. [v] Notably, most older people in South Sudan reside in impoverished rural areas, where they play a crucial\nrole as caregivers for children whose parents have often perished in the conflict.\n\n\nThe country has a troubled history marked by decades of armed conflict, leading to displacement, economic instability, and\nincreased climate hazards such as flooding and droughts. These factors have further weakened an already fragile state and\nlimited governance capacity, disproportionately impacting older individuals and those with disabilities.\n\n\nAcknowledging the need for change, the South Sudanese Government signed the UNCRPD in February 2023. However,\nsubstantial steps remain, including ratifying the optional protocol, establishing a national monitoring mechanism, and\neffectively realising and implementing the principles of the UNCRPD.\n\n\nMoreover, the African Union Policy Framework and the Plan of Action on Ageing has emphasised the need to recognize the\nrights of older persons and to eliminate all forms of age discrimination to ensure that those rights are protected under\nappropriate legislation. However, many African countries, including South Sudan still need to take up such initiatives to cater\nfor the protection of older persons.\n\n\nThe UNCRPD defines a person with disability \u201c _as those who have long-term physical, psychosocial, intellectual or sensory_\n_impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal_\n_basis with others_ \u201d. However, obtaining accurate data on persons with disabilities in South Sudan remains a challenge. The\nlatest reliable data originates from the 2008 census, reflecting a disability prevalence of 5.1%. In the absence of current data,\nthe World Health Organization (WHO) approximates that 16% of any population has a disability. Nonetheless, collaborative\ninsights from various humanitarian and development organisations suggest this estimate might even be higher, given the\ninfluence of additional factors such as poverty, conflict, climate shocks, and inadequate healthcare facilities. An\nanthropological study conducted in Pibor in 2022 by Humanity and Inclusion (HI) underscores the interplay of poverty,\nprolonged conflict, and societal barriers leading to exclusion and marginalization. [vi]\n\n\n**BARRIERS TO AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM TO ENSURE THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITY AND OLDER PERSONS**\n\n\nSouth Sudan has a national disability and inclusion policy and a social protection framework dating back to 2015, outlining the\nrights of persons with disabilities and older persons. However, it encounters obstacles in policy execution due to gaps in\nawareness and understanding of the policies and their monitoring. Organizations of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs), in\naddition to Older People Associations (OPAs), operate across states with varying capacities, engaging in rights advocacy,\nawareness campaigns, leadership initiatives, and socio-economic and political empowerment. Nonetheless, these efforts often\nmeet an array of barriers, including environmental, attitudinal, physical, and communication hurdles. These include stigma\nand discrimination, lack of mobility aid to enable movement to far-distanced service locations, especially health facilities, lack\nof feedback from humanitarian workers on complaints by persons with disabilities, lack of representation in relevant bodies\nand committees and almost insurmountable challenges for children with disabilities to access education. Furthermore, this\nsurvey shows that women and girls with disabilities in Aweil, Yei, and Bentiu face challenges in accessing sexual and\nreproductive health services.\n\n\nThe South Sudan Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) is dedicated to providing needs-based assistance without discrimination,\nas outlined in the Protection Strategy and the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan. The HCT is working to address exclusionary\npractices in their Cluster response strategies by prioritizing inclusion, recognizing the unique risks faced by different groups\ndue to societal discrimination, power dynamics, vulnerability, age, gender, and disability. Despite these efforts, the specific\nrisks encountered by persons with disabilities and older persons often continue to be inadequately analysed in humanitarian\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "census", - "confidence": 0.9405803084373474, - "start": 50, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9992026686668396, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6123892068862915, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6253495812416077, - "start": 115, - "end": 116 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2008 census", - "confidence": 0.9400233626365662, - "start": 411, - "end": 413 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "census", - "confidence": 0.5000183582305908, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9827020168304443, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.68781578540802, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2008", - "confidence": 0.9868850708007812, - "start": 411, - "end": 412 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9782798886299133, - "start": 394, - "end": 397 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "anthropological study", - "confidence": 0.8013806939125061, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Humanity and Inclusion", - "confidence": 0.8682119846343994, - "start": 496, - "end": 499 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pibor", - "confidence": 0.9038721919059753, - "start": 492, - "end": 493 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9511873722076416, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.621249794960022, - "start": 394, - "end": 397 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9730402231216431, - "start": 718, - "end": 719 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.573935866355896, - "start": 718, - "end": 719 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Aweil, Yei, and Bentiu", - "confidence": 0.843218207359314, - "start": 727, - "end": 733 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9391001462936401, - "start": 721, - "end": 726 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\nneeds assessments. This leaves them at risk of inadequate access to relief services and forces them to resort to negative coping\nmechanisms.\n\n\nFor women and girls with disabilities, the intersection of gender inequality and disability makes them especially vulnerable to\ngender-based violence. In addition, social norms often designate women and girls to be caregivers of people with disabilities,\nwhich can reinforce their isolation and further limit their access to social, economic, and material support, increasing their\nvulnerability to violence and exploitation.\n\n\nA joint study conducted by HI and IOM in Bentiu in 2023 highlights the limited capacity of the South Sudanese authorities to\naddress the needs and rights of persons with disabilities, compounding the challenges. The gaps in disability disaggregated\ndata also hinder effective assistance, although at times there may be valid reasons for not reporting on specific vulnerabilities\nwhen providing mass assistance like awareness raising or information sharing activities. The reported numbers of persons with\ndisabilities benefiting from individualized assistance services through the 5W system are very low. Together with the reliance\non the global estimate as the basis for planning, this indicates a need for improved data collection, analysis, and utilization to\nbetter support persons with disabilities.\n\n\nData from the Protection Cluster's Protection Monitoring System (PMS) collected between October 2022 and March 2023\nfurther emphasizes the severe impact on persons with disabilities. Approximately 76% of key informants consistently report\nviolations of persons with disabilities' ability to access humanitarian aid, especially in crucial areas such as food, shelter, and\nhealth services. Moreover, according to the PMS data, they face disproportionate challenges in accessing justice and\naddressing Housing, Land, and Property issues.\n\n\nWithin communities, support to persons with disabilities predominantly comes from immediate family members,\nsupplemented by support groups offered by religious organizations. Similar assistance models extend to older persons, with\nchurch volunteers providing essential support, such as regular visits and cooking their meals. Civil society organizations play a\npivotal role, advocating for the rights of the people with disabilities and the vulnerable through food drives and community\nmobilization. In certain South Sudanese cultures, deeply ingrained discrimination manifests as the denial of inheritance rights\nto individuals with disabilities and stigmatization within marriage and community life, especially for women, as communities\ntend to associate disability with the inability to assume responsibilities like other members of the community. This can also be\napplicable to older persons and especially older widows who are regularly the victims of discrimination and exclusion from\nproperty and inheritance rights.\n\n\nMisconceptions about the origins of disability in highly religious and spiritual settings lead to the believe that disabilities are\npunishments from God, which result in people sending people with disabilities to traditional or religious leaders who\nsometimes use exploitative practices, inflict physical harm, and gender-based violence. Conversely, some individuals\nreportedly favour a charity-based approach, seeking incentives for service engagement due to poverty and limited\nemployment opportunities. Unfortunately, this, coupled with lack of adequate capacity building or empowerment, has on\nsome occasions led to dependency on humanitarian aid.\n\n\nVoices of individuals with disabilities and older persons remain under-represented in decision-making processes, reflecting a\nbroader lack of disability and age inclusion in policies and humanitarian endeavors. Despite these challenges, positive\ntransformations are emerging from the global level to support local solutions to enhance inclusion of persons with disabilities\nand older persons. The establishment of the reference group on the inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian\naction is a notable step, in addition to the development of the Humanitarian Inclusion Standards for older people and people\nwith disabilities, bolstered by the IASC Guidelines [vii] as global guiding documents. The UN Disability Inclusion Strategy [viii] further\nsignals the increased importance of ensuring disability inclusion within UN entities. At South Sudan level, the Gender and\nInclusion Taskforce is an open platform to ensure that specific considerations related to gender and inclusion of persons with\ndisabilities are part of the humanitarian response.\n\n\nIn conclusion, the context of South Sudan is one of complexity, where demographic trends intersect with a legacy of conflict,\nclimate vulnerabilities, and inadequate infrastructure. The lives of persons with disabilities and older people are intricately\nwoven into this narrative, reflecting the challenges of attaining inclusion and equity. As the nation strives to harness its\npotential, it must prioritize the rights and needs of its citizens especially those with disabilities across all age groups, catalysing\nchange through informed policy, robust data, analysis, and sustained efforts to break down attitudinal and physical barriers.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "needs assessments", - "confidence": 0.5048263072967529, - "start": 9, - "end": 11 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HI", - "confidence": 0.5395146608352661, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.896453857421875, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8375415802001953, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8720657229423523, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.898013174533844, - "start": 128, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability disaggregated\ndata", - "confidence": 0.5263370871543884, - "start": 139, - "end": 142 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7853127121925354, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9680861830711365, - "start": 128, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9239363074302673, - "start": 234, - "end": 237 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "system", - "confidence": 0.5448062419891357, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "PMS", - "confidence": 0.9695879220962524, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7620855569839478, - "start": 230, - "end": 232 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.7219529151916504, - "start": 230, - "end": 232 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9829757809638977, - "start": 246, - "end": 247 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.9705214500427246, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n#### **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\nPersons with disabilities in South Sudan share a history of exclusion and are generally considered to be non-equal members of\nsociety. Today, persons with disabilities still have few opportunities to improve their socioeconomic status, integrate into\nsociety, or demand rights and recognition by society and the government, despite recognition of their rights under the\nTransitional Constitution of South Sudan, 2011, as amended in Article 30. They continue to face significant social and political\nexclusion and are among the most marginalized in society. Awareness of disability issues among key decision-makers and the\npublic is low, negative social attitudes and structural discrimination prevail, and persons with disabilities have limited access\nto essential services and employment. [ix] According to a survey conducted by Ministry of Gender, Child, and Social Welfare in\n2011, in Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria and Jonglei states, 89% of persons with disabilities are unemployed. [x]\n\n\nThe rights of older persons are also recognized in the Constitution but there are still no adequate policies to protect their rights\nand to ensure that their needs and concerns are adequately addressed, [xi] and it is also worthy to mention ageism in relation to\nolder people. The WHO defines ageism as the \u201c _stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and discrimination (how_\n_we act) towards others or oneself based on age_ \u201d. Some older people shared experiences of being regularly discriminated\nagainst due to their age, excluded from decision making processes, and often considered to be useless and unable to work.\n\n\n\" _Our participation in decision-making processes here in the camp is minimal. We feel we are being discriminated against_\n\n_because of our age._ \" \u2013 Older woman living in an internal displacement camp.\n\n\nWhen older men and women are displaced, they lose control of community resources and assets and therefore their role and\nrespect within the community tends to diminish. The intersectionality of old age, disability, and gender, as well as other\ndiversity factors can mean a double burden of discrimination. For example, older persons with a disability may experience\nmultiple layers of discrimination.\n\n\n_\u201cWe are not given any respect, support and space in decision making processes. In a recent seed distribution by aid agencies,_\n\n_I was not registered as they said I have no energy to farm.\"_ - Older man living in an internal displacement camp.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities face multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination in all areas of life, such as chronic poverty,\nsocial isolation, heightened risks of being victims of violence, denial of their rights, lack of access to community support\nservices, lack of accessible communication and information, inadequate health care, denial of their legal capacity, lack of\nopportunities for education and employment, barriers in accessing justice, and attitudinal barriers such as stigmatization. For\nwomen and girls with disabilities, discrimination and stigmatization may also reduce their participation in community activities\nthat promote protection, social support, and empowerment. People with intellectual disabilities and psychosocial disabilities\nare particularly affected and vulnerable to bullying and neglect.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities and older persons struggle to access healthcare due a multitude of barriers. The long distances and\npoor road networks and inaccessible infrastructures pose accessibility barriers. In the health centers, the supplies of drugs and\nassistive devices are inadequate, in addition to which persons with disabilities and older persons report negative attitudes by\nhealth workers. Beyond the limited knowledge on older people\u2019s health issues and diseases, there are also communication\nand information barriers, including lack of sign language, Braille, and easy-to-read information. [xii]\n\n\nMarginalization of persons with disabilities at the intersection of gender, age, disability, and belief systems about witchcraft\nhave become more relevant in the context of generalized poverty and competition over scarce resources due to flooding and\nconflict. Among different aid actors, there is no homogeneity on the level of age and disability inclusion in programs. People\nwith psychosocial and intellectual disabilities, especially older people, are far more under-represented compared to those with\nother types of impairment. Challenges in accessing humanitarian assistance, including food, shelter, and non-food items (NFIs)\nwere widely reported by new arrivals at Bulukat, in Malakal Town. An estimated 250,000 persons with disabilities reside in\ndisplacement camps across South Sudan, grappling with limited access to humanitarian services. [xiii]\n\n\nThe same access concerns are related to access to humanitarian assistance in general. According to a 2017 Human Rights\nWatch report, \u201c _displaced persons with disabilities_ _and older people who have sought refuge in the remote bushes of Western_\n_Bahr el-Ghazal, Upper Nile, Jonglei, and the Equatorias or on islands in the Sudd, are more likely to encounter difficulties_\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\n_accessing humanitarian aid than those who found their way to the Protection of Civilians sites inside UN bases. However, even_\n_within these camps, difficulties persist in accessing humanitarian aid_ \u201d. [xiv] With diminished probability to escape and with no\nplace to hide, persons with disabilities and older people were left behind when conflict broke out in December 2022, and\ntherefore were among the several hundred of people killed.\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-based violence\n\n\nGender-Based Violence (GBV) remains a persistent and serious concern in South Sudan, encompassing various forms such as\nrape, sexual assault, domestic violence, forced and early marriage, sexual exploitation and abuse, abduction, discriminatory\npractices within the legal system, and harmful traditional practices. While GBV affects men, women, boys, and girls, its impact\nis disproportionately felt by women and girls. For women and girls with disabilities, their gender and disability make them\nespecially vulnerable and at increased risk of violence. They may be isolated in their homes, discriminated against by the\ncommunity, unable to access services or protect themselves from violence. In South Sudan, the full scope of the GBV\nprevalence remains uncertain and significantly under-reported. Furthermore, the data available is limited to none regarding\nviolence against women with disabilities, particularly adolescent girls and older women with disabilities, and their support\npersons. Nevertheless, estimations highlight escalated risks faced by individuals with disabilities, particularly women and girls\nwith disabilities. [xv]\n\n\nAccording to data collected by the GBV \u2013 Information Management System in South Sudan in 2016, approximately 98% of\nreported GBV incidents affected women and girls. Half (51%) are survivors of intimate partner violence are women. A third of\nwomen (33%) have experienced sexual violence from a non-partner, primarily during attacks or raids. Almost half (48%) of\ngirls between 15 and 19 are married \u2018to reduce financial burdens\u2019 or to secure much-needed assets for families, which result\nin higher risks of early pregnancy, complex birth etc. The risk of child marriage remains constant due to conflict, the country\u2019s\neconomic situation and harmful social norms. These figures do not disaggregate based on disability. There is also a lack of agedisaggregated data that might highlight certain types of GBV faced by older women - especially older women with disabilities.\nYoung and older women with and without disabilities face multiple and diverse forms of oppression and this increases their\nrisk of exposure to GBV and the barriers to accessing services.\n\n\n\u201c _As a woman with hearing impairment, access to education has been a challenge for me, it\u2019s the same with other critical_\n_services such as health, employment, and legal services among others due to communication barriers because of lack of sign_\n_language interpreter services across South Sudan. Everywhere I go, I must constantly cater for my interpreter because I know_\n\n_that when I go to meetings, training, or public events it is never a need put into consideration, even in human rights spaces_\n\n_here in South Sudan.\u201d - Female with disability._\n\n\nAccording to the Government of South Sudan in 2015, women and girls with disabilities are particularly vulnerable during\narmed conflict due to the combined risk factors of gender, age, and disability, facing high risks of violence, harassment, neglect,\nexploitation, and psychological trauma, and being less likely to have access to critical safety information and to be able to\nprotect themselves or seek protection from imminent danger. [xvi] [Women with disabilities are up to 10 times more likely than](https://www.unfpa.org/news/five-things-you-didnt-know-about-disability-and-sexual-violence)\nwomen without disabilities to experience sexual and gender-based violence. [xvii] Between June and September 2021, UNMISS\nreported at least 21 cases of rape, gang-rape, forced marriage, forced nudity, sexual slavery, and attempted rape. According\nto UNMISS, the victims included girls as young as 10 years, three pregnant or lactating women, and one child with a\npsychosocial disability. [xviii] The reported assaults documented were allegedly perpetrated by army, community-based militias,\nand non-government armed groups.\n\n\n_In terms of desirability, women with disabilities are considered of \u201cless value\u201d so no one wants to be married to a woman_\n_with any kind of disability. They are less likely to disclose or report the attack because of shame, fear of family/community_\n_members who are often the perpetrators, or because the subject is still perceived as a taboo. Additionally, they are exposed_\n\n_to early/forced marriage and pregnancy, as in the eyes of the community, marriage helps remove the \u2018stigma\u2019 of disability_\n_and financial provisions for girls with disabilities_ . _A lady with disabilities was forced to get married to a man without paying_\n\n_any dowry because of her disability status compared to women without disabilities.\u201d - OPD representative._\n\n\nYoung girls with disabilities are likely to experience early pregnancies resulting from sexual abuse. Due to the circumstances\nof these pregnancies, these girls are frequently abandoned by parents and guardians, leading to a cycle of single motherhood.\nPersons with disabilities, especially girls and women, are subject to sexual harassment and exploitation. Because of their\nvulnerability, they stand a higher risk of contracting as well as transmitting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV\nprevalence", - "confidence": 0.6569594740867615, - "start": 223, - "end": 225 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9791498780250549, - "start": 215, - "end": 217 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8640556335449219, - "start": 298, - "end": 299 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV \u2013 Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.5745996832847595, - "start": 289, - "end": 294 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9565200209617615, - "start": 215, - "end": 217 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9137228727340698, - "start": 298, - "end": 299 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported GBV incidents", - "confidence": 0.5986177921295166, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "agedisaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9100459814071655, - "start": 426, - "end": 428 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNMISS", - "confidence": 0.9067540764808655, - "start": 696, - "end": 697 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNMISS", - "confidence": 0.6303181648254395, - "start": 722, - "end": 723 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7817034125328064, - "start": 694, - "end": 695 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6277273297309875, - "start": 694, - "end": 695 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported assaults", - "confidence": 0.7006921172142029, - "start": 752, - "end": 754 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OPD representative", - "confidence": 0.6978711485862732, - "start": 904, - "end": 906 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\nStill, most programmes on HIV/AIDS do not target them. For instance, persons with disabilities have limited access to\ninformation, education, counselling services and health care, including ARVs. As a result, the impact of HIV/AIDS on persons\nwith disabilities remains unknown.\n\n\n_\u201cPersons with disabilities are confronted with significant risks of life-threatening complications. Take, for instance, a young_\n\n_girl with a hearing impairment who, during the 2013 conflict, fell victim to sexual assault by multiple unidentified men,_\n_subsequently contracting a sexual transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS. Her ordeal caused immense suffering and left her with_\n\n_numerous bodily sores, all while she lacked access to essential healthcare and legal support. Tragically, she harboured the_\n_conviction that no one would comprehend her situation or extend care even if she chose to confide in someone. As her health_\n\n_continued to deteriorate, she eventually succumbed to her condition.\u201d_ - _OPD representative._\n\n\nWomen with disabilities in South Sudan face numerous challenges, including limited access to resources and socioeconomic\nopportunities, lower literacy levels compared to men, lower enrolment in mainstream education, greater poverty, and limited\nformal employment opportunities. When they do work, it often involves deplorable conditions and lower incomes. They also\nstruggle to access quality healthcare and family planning advice. Traditional gender roles further restrict women and girls with\ndisabilities from accessing education, vocational training, or employment, compared to men and boys with disabilities or\nwomen and girls without disabilities. This limitation severely impacts their livelihood opportunities, leaving them vulnerable\nand dependent.\n\n\n_\u201cA woman in Yei with multiple disabilities suffered targeted violence from armed forces who invaded a village called Goja_\n_after one of their colleagues was alleged to have been killed by a villager whom they claimed to be the son to the woman. She_\n\n_was abused sexually by several of these men, who used polythene paper (Kavera) as a condom. She was discovered after_\n\n_several days. She was abandoned in the village due to the gun fire - the family members left her behind.\u201d._ - _OPD_\n\n_representative._\n\n\nWomen and girls with disabilities experience limited or lack of access to humanitarian services, such as safe spaces,\npsychosocial support, material assistance, and health care. They also face social exclusion and discrimination based on\nprejudices, stereotypes, culture, and beliefs. These factors have negative impacts on their quality of life, livelihood, social\nprotection, education, and political participation.\n\n#### RISK 3 Torture or inhuman, cruel, degrading treatment\n\n\n[Since the conflict broke out in December 2013, Human Rights Watch has documented the experiences of people with](https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/05/31/south-sudan-people-disabilities-older-people-face-danger)\ndisabilities and older people who were unable to flee to safety, and killed, tortured, or burned alive in their homes by soldiers\nand rebels.\n\n\n_\u201cSoldiers\u2026sometimes killed those who were left behind. Even if you were sick or old.\u201d When the chief of Pisak, a town in South_\n\n_Sudan\u2019s Yei River state, said this he was concerned for the safety of five members of his community who were unable to flee_\n\n_from a March government operation against rebels in Yei because they were older or had disabilities.\u201d_\n\n\nAccording to the Ministry of Gender, Child, and Social Welfare from 2017, a large number of persons with disabilities were\nreported as having been a victim of violence as a consequence of their disability, with little discrimination being shown for\ngender. Specifically, men with disabilities surveyed (80.9%, n=165) were almost as likely as females (83.8%, n=119) to report\nbeing victims to physical or other types of violence, such as name calling and isolation.\n\n\nIn general, persons with disabilities often face stereotypes that portray them as sick, helpless, dependent, and asexual,\nespecially those with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities are particularly vulnerable to mistreatment from peers, family\nmembers, or the community. This can manifest as physical attacks, killings, denial of basic necessities, harassment, emotional\nabuse, neglect, shackling, and confinement. Unfortunately, such violence often goes unreported and unmonitored, with few\nprograms addressing these violations.\n\n\nIndividuals with multiple disabilities, such as persons with hearing impairments or visual impairments, face even higher risks.\nSome people with psychosocial disabilities are subjected to confinement, beatings, and isolation. Furthermore, individuals\nwith psychosocial disabilities may suffer other forms of inhuman treatment, such as having hot water poured on them while\nbegging in markets.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\nThe intersection of age and disability can compound these challenges, as older individuals with disabilities may experience\nvarious forms of violence and oppression. They may also find it difficult to escape such situations and often rely on family\nmembers for help. Female caregivers may face harassment when seeking services or assistance for male family members with\ndisabilities. Chaining and degrading treatment, like serving food on the ground or dirty plates, are also mentioned.\n\n\nThe absence of persons with disabilities and older individuals in community-based protection mechanisms and barrier\nidentification processes also creates gaps in accessing justice when community members mistreat them.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n#### **RESPONSE**\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nIn recent years, a study conducted by CBM found that OPDs in Juba founded a national umbrella organization. There are\nemerging practices of OPDs providing inclusion training to humanitarian organisations and some humanitarian actors\nnominating dedicated focal points for disability inclusion. [xix] Furthermore, South Sudan has recently signed the UNCRPD,\nwhich provides a legal framework for advancing the rights of persons with disabilities. Lastly, the African Union Policy\nFramework and Plan of Action on Ageing guides the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of appropriate\npolicies and programmes for older persons. Therefore, the environment is conducive to continue with advocacy efforts and\nfurther implementation of the commitments:\n\n - The South Sudan initial disability action plan of Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare 2020 gave special focus\non access to justice. [xx]\n\n - The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and the commitment of all UN Member States to leave no one\nbehind.\n\n\nThe GBV sub-cluster strategy operates within the framework of national and international laws and policies that prohibit\nGBV. There are state or site-level GBV Working Groups that coordinate GBV responses, and existing programs and activities\nthat aim to prevent GBV and transform social norms, such as the Communities Care Programme and awareness raising\ncampaigns. GBV programs ensure that persons with disabilities participate in all processes that assess, plan, design,\nimplement, monitor, or evaluate humanitarian programs. A Gender and Inclusion Taskforce Team as a working group to the\nICCG, consisting of gender and disability focused actors, offers technical support to the clusters to adopt an intersectional\napproach to inclusion to inform planning and response. National and state level women-led organizations address gender\ninequalities, as well as a protocol that recognizes the rights of persons with disabilities to marriage and participation.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\n- **Conflict and Violence:** Ongoing armed conflicts, displacement, and insecurity in South Sudan endanger humanitarian\nworkers and assets, limiting their ability to deliver aid safely.\n\n- **Bureaucratic Impediments:** Administrative barriers and restrictions imposed by authorities, such as delays in visas and\npermits, hinder the efficient delivery of humanitarian assistance.\n\n- **Physical Constraints:** Poor infrastructure, damaged roads, and impassable routes during the rainy season make it difficult\nfor humanitarian vehicles to access remote areas. Shortages of clean water, fuel, and electricity also affect operations.\n\n- **Lack of Awareness on Inclusion:** Specific needs of diverse at-risk groups, such as people with disabilities and older\nindividuals, are often considered under one group of \u2018the vulnerable\u2019 without an analysis of underlying causal factors.\nThe limited awareness on inclusion and the specific risks is likely to translate to insufficient support for disability, gender\nand age inclusion in humanitarian settings and requires enhanced efforts to include disability inclusion as part of the\nexisting coordination structures.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\n- Limited resources due to conflicts and instability.\n\n- Coordination structures are still in need of awareness in relation to the needs and barriers of people with disabilities and\nolder persons.\n\n- Accessibility and inclusion are seen as an add on or specific requirements which are not included in budgeting from the\non-set due to perceived high costs of technical support for disability and age inclusion.\n\n- Data gaps that hinder advocacy with donors and humanitarian actors.\n\n- Capacity building that requires time, training, and resources. The limited of knowledge and/or use of existing tools,\nincluding the IASC guidelines, influence the capacity of actors to build and define key actions for inclusive humanitarian\nresponse.\n\n- Disability and age are perceived as crosscutting issues together with other strong areas like gender. Due to the limited\ncapacity and involvement of disability inclusion actors in existing coordination structures, this may run the risk of\ndisability inclusion not being prioritized enough or being siloed outside of the main coordination forums without direct\nconnection to ongoing discussions. This reiterates the need for strengthening existing mechanisms and working groups\nwith appropriate technical support and expertise to avoid siloed ways of working.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n#### **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\nThe Constitution of South Sudan recognizes the rights of persons with disabilities and older persons in a broader sense and\nfurther efforts have been made to address the challenges of an ageing population. South Sudan is one of the member states\nof the African Policy Framework and Plan of Action on Ageing, which encourages all member states to develop national\nageing policies to improve the lives of older people with and without disabilities.\n\n\n - Generate a strategic plan to guide protection partners in their efforts to collaborate with organizations of persons\nwith disabilities in South Sudan, facilitating the active involvement of individuals with disabilities in identifying barriers\nand developing a responsive plan. To be addressed and agreed by mid-2024.\n\n\n - Sensitize existing monitoring checklist toward disability inclusion to overseeing inclusive initiatives and assessing the\nhumanitarian response's effectiveness in addressing the barriers that individuals with disabilities encounter when\nseeking protection services. By mid-2024.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n- Build an inclusive strategic intervention at HPC level, including the adoption of minimum standards toward improving\ndisability inclusion action that is influenced by the UNCRPD, with the lead of the Gender and Inclusion Taskforce Team.\n\n- Advocate for enhanced funding and greater flexibility in fund utilization to enable the expansion of disability inclusion\nefforts, addressing the rising demand effectively.\n\n- Provide financial support for both programs specifically tailored to individuals with disabilities and older persons and\nmainstreaming disability, age, and gender appropriate inclusion in all planning, encompassing case management, assistive\ndevices, stigma reduction initiatives, peer support programs, and intergenerational projects.\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- The erosion of livelihood and purchasing power by the population must be met with multi-sectoral initiatives to mitigate\neconomic impacts on the population, including persons with disabilities, children, and women, to avoid a worrying\nincrease in child abuse and exploitation and trafficking in various locations of the country.\n\n- Include disability and ageing as standing agenda items in protection coordination meetings and continue to support and\nstrengthen mainstreaming efforts of intersectionality of the Gender and Inclusion Taskforce.\n\n- Promote meaningful participation of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action, seek advice and collaborate with\nnational and local organizations of persons with disabilities in coordination structures and build their capacities.\n\n- Prioritize the integration of disability inclusion and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services into the\noverarching humanitarian response framework. This involves incorporating MHPSS elements into needs assessments and\nprogram planning.\n\n- Encourage the recruitment of persons with disabilities as staff at all levels of humanitarian organizations, including as\nfront-line workers and community mobilizers.\n\n- Enhance age, gender and disability disaggregated data collection and analysis to develop risk mitigating measures and\nappropriate indicators and use them to monitor the inclusion of persons with disabilities in all phases of humanitarian\naction. When possible, collect data and information on the risks, barriers and needs of persons with disabilities,\nparticularly in remote regions that are difficult to access.\n\n- Address the attitudinal and other barriers within the humanitarian community and perceptions of disability as an\n\u2018additional complexity\u2019 in an already complex context, and include it from the onset as part of human diversity.\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-based violence\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Address institutional, environmental, attitudinal, and communication barriers facing persons with disabilities in all their\ndiversities to access protection responses.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MHPSS", - "confidence": 0.8263556361198425, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "remote regions", - "confidence": 0.8616125583648682, - "start": 549, - "end": 551 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9940690994262695, - "start": 470, - "end": 473 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\n- Adapt modalities of GBV services to address and response to needs of persons with disabilities and GBV actors know how\nto access support services, for example for interpretation. Local OPDs, in particular women led OPDs, are trained in how\nto safely identify and refer GBV survivors.\n\n- Ensure that Child Safeguarding Policy training is systematically provided to as many humanitarian workers as possible especially those in close contact with children - and communities to ensuring that all humanitarian actions are properly\nimplemented to protect all children including children with disabilities from the increasing deliberate or unintentional acts\nof abuse and exploitation registered in the last quarter.\n\n- Ensure the meaningful participation of older women and persons with disabilities in awareness raising campaigns and\nother community-based activities.\n\n- Adopt strategies to prevent and address discrimination against older women and support the full inclusion of women from\nall age groups in empowerment activities and interventions.\n\n- Continue collection of GBV data that is age and disability disaggregated to ensure that data is inclusive of older women\nwith and without disabilities and use the data to inform responses.\n\n- Take into consideration women and girls, men and boys with disabilities and place distribution sites in locations that are\naccessible to everyone. As necessary, deliver food and non-food items to the homes of persons with disabilities who are\nunable to reach distribution sites.\n\n- Take into consideration the placing of communal latrine blocks to ensure accessibility to persons with disabilities, ensuring\nthat they are physically accessible and provide clear signage.\n\n#### RISK 3 Torture or inhuman, cruel, degrading treatment.\n\n\n**Article 15 UNCRPD: State Parties must carry out measures through legislation, administration, and judicial systems to**\n**prevent persons with disabilities from being subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.**\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n- Communicate information on protection, and complaint and feedback mechanisms, in multiple and accessible formats.\nInvolve national and local organizations of persons with disabilities in the designing and dissemination of information\namong other community-based organizations and volunteers. Take steps to include individuals who are isolated in their\nhomes or in institutions or who rely on support persons for communication.\n\n- Establish a mechanism for monitoring and reporting cases of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or\npunishment of persons with disabilities in coordination with health actors. The mechanism should involve persons with\ndisabilities themselves and actors representing them, and should provide legal, medical, and psychosocial assistance to\nthe victims and ensure accountability for the perpetrators.\n\n- Train and sensitize the security forces, health workers, and humanitarian actors on the rights and needs of persons with\ndisabilities, especially women and girls, and on the prohibition and prevention of torture or ill-treatment. This training\nshould include practical guidance on how to communicate with and accommodate persons with different types of\ndisabilities, how to identify and address their protection risks and barriers, and how to refer them to appropriate services.\n\n- Promote the participation and empowerment of persons with disabilities, especially women and girls, in the design,\nimplementation, and evaluation of humanitarian interventions. This can be done by involving them in consultations,\nassessments, feedback mechanisms, decision-making processes, and advocacy activities. This can also be done by\nsupporting their organizations and networks to raise awareness and influence policies and practices on disability inclusion.\n\n- Ensure that humanitarian assistance is accessible, inclusive, and responsive to the needs and capacities of persons with\ndisabilities, especially women and girls. This can be done by collecting and analyzing sex, age, and disability-disaggregated\ndata, by using inclusive methods and tools for data collection and analysis, such as the Washington Group to the delivery\nof services and facilities, by providing support to persons with disabilities according to their preferences, by ensuring that\ninformation is available in accessible and languages, and by addressing the specific risks and barriers that persons with\ndisabilities face in accessing humanitarian assistance, especially those with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV data", - "confidence": 0.9804185032844543, - "start": 175, - "end": 177 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "age and disability disaggregated", - "confidence": 0.8119667768478394, - "start": 179, - "end": 183 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9188986420631409, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8066437840461731, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "older women\nwith and without disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8269270062446594, - "start": 190, - "end": 196 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex, age, and disability-disaggregated\ndata", - "confidence": 0.7198817729949951, - "start": 666, - "end": 673 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.9813795685768127, - "start": 649, - "end": 652 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n\n\ni\n[WHO, 2022, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240063600)](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240063600)\n\nii UNDESA, 2016\niii Protection of Rights of Older Persons in South Sudan: Towards Enactment of Legislative Framework, 2019,\n[https://www.suddinstitute.org/assets/Publications/5cd019ad53e07_ProtectionOfRightsOfOlderPersonsInSouth_Full.pdf](https://www.suddinstitute.org/assets/Publications/5cd019ad53e07_ProtectionOfRightsOfOlderPersonsInSouth_Full.pdf)\niv https://www.wfp.org/stories/empowering-people-disabilities-south-sudan\nv Protection of Rights of Older Persons in South Sudan: Towards Enactment of Legislative Framework:\n[https://www.suddinstitute.org/assets/Publications/5cd019ad53e07_ProtectionOfRightsOfOlderPersonsInSouth_Full.pdf](https://www.suddinstitute.org/assets/Publications/5cd019ad53e07_ProtectionOfRightsOfOlderPersonsInSouth_Full.pdf)\nvi Social Anthropological Study on Disability in South Sudan: Pibor County, October 2022.\nvii https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-guidelines-on-inclusion-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-humanitarian-action-2019\n\nviii https://www.un.org/en/content/disabilitystrategy/\nix Forcier et al, 2016, p. 5; CARE, 2016, p. 15; Rieser, 2014, p. 3; MoGCSW 2013, p. 6; MoGCSWHADM, 2013, p. 18\n\nx Forcier et al, 2016, p. 4; Legge, 2017, p. 1\nxi https://www.helpage.org/blog/when-older-people-flee-their-homes-from-danger-ageism-is-a-barrier-to-accessing-help/\nxii MoGCSWHADM, 2013, p. 10\nxiii Faehnders, 2018; HRW, 2017\n\nxiv HRW, 2017\nxv https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/south-sudan-gender-based-kap.pdf\nxvi GoSS, 2015, p. 10\nxvii MoGCSWHADM, 2013, p. 11\n\nxviii UNMISS - Attacks on Civilians in Tambura Country June, September 2021.\n[xix Funke, Carolin and Dijkzeul, Dennis, From Commitment to Action: Towards a Disability-Inclusive Humanitarian Response in South Sudan? 2021](https://www.cbm.org/fileadmin/user_upload/towards-a-disability-inclusive-humanitarian-response-in-south-sudan_web.pdf)\nxx [https://dr.211check.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/South-Sudan-National-Disability-Action-Plan-2020.pdf](https://dr.211check.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/South-Sudan-National-Disability-Action-Plan-2020.pdf)\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nUnder the coordination of a Protection Analysis Update task force the methodological approach included:\n\n\n- Consultation with Organizations of People with Disabilities, NGOs, and UN agencies (see below).\n\n- Desk reviews of reports from various sources, such as protection monitoring reports, reports on GBV, reports from\ndisability actors, as well as the HNO and HRP. Identifying of gaps and challenges in addressing data and information\navailable linked to the protection needs of persons with disabilities, especially women and girls.\n\n\n**Participating partners: Humanity & Inclusion, HelpAge International, Universal Network for Knowledge Empowerment**\n**Agency, Women for Justice and Equality, Hope Restoration South Sudan, Community Humanitarian Inter livelihood and**\n**Emergency Focus, Africa Humanitarian Organisation, South Sudan Association of Visually Impaired, Disabled Action Group,**\n**South Sudan Women with Disability Network, Agency for Women and Children Development, Aid Link Organization,**\n**Community Aid for Refugees and IDPS Empowerment Network.**\n\n\n**Limitations**\nThe report does not have precise data on the prevalence of disability in South Sudan due to lack of recent assessments.\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **David Hattar** - [hattar@unhcr.org](mailto:hattar@unhcr.org) | **Dorijan Klasnic** [- klasnic@unhcr.org](mailto:klasnic@unhcr.org)\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Social Anthropological Study on Disability", - "confidence": 0.5507612228393555, - "start": 68, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SOUTH SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.9122468829154968, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7050672173500061, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5750214457511902, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9981456995010376, - "start": 281, - "end": 284 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Analysis Update task force", - "confidence": 0.6974799036979675, - "start": 241, - "end": 246 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7607247829437256, - "start": 221, - "end": 223 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9165797829627991, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports on GBV", - "confidence": 0.8643944263458252, - "start": 285, - "end": 288 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6997480392456055, - "start": 221, - "end": 223 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6933544278144836, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9122422933578491, - "start": 432, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.997465968132019, - "start": 359, - "end": 361 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8451911211013794, - "start": 319, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/27ea1369-d520-40c4-8578-30ceb95ed9f0/pau_south_sudan_pau_october_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_861/raw/doc_861_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_861/raw/doc_861_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 94bc096231c6baabd8d5022eb677c7b64ec67872..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_861/raw/doc_861_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,218 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SUDAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### Unabated violations against civilians increase the impact of protection risks on the population\n\n#### **JULY 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\nFighting between the Sudanese Armed\nForces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces\n(RSF) has persisted since the beginning of\nhostilities on 15 [th] April 2023, resulting in\nwidespread violence across various regions\nin Sudan, including Khartoum, Kordofan\nstates, Darfur states, and Blue Nile state.\nDespite a declared ceasefire by both SAF\nand RSF on 27 June, armed clashes\ncontinued, even during the recent Eid alAdha holiday. As of 30 June, the Federal\nMinistry of Health (FMoH) has **reported**\n**1,133 deaths and 11,796 injuries across**\n**the country since 15 April** . The true figure\nis likely much beyond that. **Over 2.8 million**\n**people had to flee their homes, resulting**\n**in 2.2 million internally displaced and**\n**approximately 615,000 persons seeking**\n**refuge in neighboring countries such as Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, and South Sudan** . Alarming reports\nindicate **indiscriminate attacks on civilian infrastructure, including markets and hospitals**, as well as widespread **looting of**\n**homes**, humanitarian facilities, and critical records from public institutions such as courts and land offices. These distressing\ntrends highlight the breakdown of the rule of law and institutions to protect the civilian population, intensifying the humanitarian\ncrisis in Sudan. The protection of civilians remains a significant concern, with reports of escalating use of sexual and genderbased violence, targeted attacks on - or harm against - civilians based on ethnicity, grave violations of children's rights, family\nseparations, theft, extortion, and the threat posed by unexploded ordnances. Moreover, the closure of schools and limited access\nto social services have increased the vulnerability of children to recruitment or association with armed groups.\n\n|Total PIN|Displaced|Refugees|Returnees|Non-Displaced Vulnerable
Residents|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**24.7M 7.2M**
**1.1M**
**1.3M**
**15.1M**|**24.7M 7.2M**
**1.1M**
**1.3M**
**15.1M**|**24.7M 7.2M**
**1.1M**
**1.3M**
**15.1M**|**24.7M 7.2M**
**1.1M**
**1.3M**
**15.1M**|**24.7M 7.2M**
**1.1M**
**1.3M**
**15.1M**|\n\n\n\n_The above figures are from the Revised HRP 2023 Sudan Response._\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings and attacks on civilian infrastructure**\n**2.** **Gender-based and conflict related sexual violence**\n**3.** **Theft, extortion, looting, and destruction of public and personal property**\n**4.** **Forced child separation compounded by children\u2019s exposure to violence, abuse and neglect, including alleged**\n\n**forced recruitment and trafficking**\n**5.** **Presence of mines and other explosive ordnances**\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nIt is imperative that stakeholders responsible for violations of International Law, International Humanitarian Law and Human\nRights Law are held accountable.\n\n\n - Calls on all parties to the conflict to respect International Humanitarian Law (IHL) at all times. Swift, impartial, and\nindependent investigations should be established to examine allegations of human rights violations against civilians\nincluding humanitarian workers, human rights defenders and journalists.\n\n - Requests that all parties to the conflict allow for safe, secure, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access at all times.\n\n - Requests that all parties to the conflict enable safe and unimpeded civilian evacuations, allowing people to take\nbelongings, including documentation, while leaving Sudan or seeking safety within its borders.\n\n - Calls on all parties to the conflict to respect and protect humanitarian personnel, property, and relief items used for\nhumanitarian operations by vacating humanitarian offices, premises, and warehouses, and preventing the looting\nthereof.\n\n - Calls on parties to the conflict to respect and protect children and in particular to immediately stop all child rights\nviolations according to the Security Council Resolution 1612.\n\n\n\n**VERIFIED**\n**CIVILIANS**\n\n**INJURED**\n\n\n\n**VERIFIED**\n**CIVILIANS**\n\n**KILLED**\n\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN**\n**OFFICES/ASSETS**\n**LOOTED/ATTACKED**\n\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN**\n\n**WORKERS, LOST**\n\n**THEIR LIVES**\n\n\n\n**IDPS** **NON-**\n**DISPLACED-**\n**VULNERABLE**\n\n\n\n**RESIDENTS**\n## **11,796 1,133 60 15 7.2M 15.1M**\n\n\nThe situation in Sudan currently presents a distressing scenario characterized by a lack of respect for IHL, violent urban warfare,\ncivil unrest, and a surge in criminal activity. This alarming state of affairs has led to a substantial increase in the number of\nindividuals requiring urgent protection and humanitarian assistance, reaching 24.7 million in May 2023\u2014a staggering rise of\n57 percent from the estimated figure of 15.8 million in November 2022 [i] . After the first week of the conflict between SAF/RSF,\nthe geographic scope of the fighting expanded to multiple regions including West Darfur, South Darfur, Central Darfur, North\nDarfur, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Blue Nile, Kassala, and Red Sea. Concerningly, the violence in Ag Geneina, the capital\nof West Darfur, quickly developed into large-scale deliberate ethnic targeting and killings as it exacerbated pre-existing\ntensions between different groups. As a result, the violence across West Darfur and particularly in Ag Geneina has been\nparticularly intense, characterized by ongoing attacks on civilian residential areas and infrastructure necessary to support the\nsurvival of the civilian population. From 15 April hostilities between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support\nForces (RSF) have led to heavy bombardments and clashes in numerous cities, resulting in civilian casualties, injuries, and\nextensive damage to vital infrastructure, including water, healthcare, and power facilities.\n\n\nIndiscriminate attacks on civilian infrastructure, such as markets and hospitals (incl. pediatric and birth facilities), as well as the\nwidespread looting of homes, belongings, and humanitarian facilities, destruction of important and critical records such as\ncourts files and identity records, have emerged as distressing trends across different regions of Sudan. The increase in\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\ncriminality further underscores the breakdown of the rule of law and the mechanisms established to safeguard the civilian\npopulation. The deteriorating socio-economic conditions have fueled pre-existing intercommunal tensions, particularly in\nregions that were already volatile. This escalation carries severe implications for areas already plagued by violence, insecurity,\ndisplacement, and other human rights violations, such as Darfur, the Kordofans and Blue Nile states. The presence of security\nvacuums resulting from the redeployment of security forces to conflict areas, along with the collapse of an already weak\nprotective social system, have contributed to heightened insecurity, prompting preemptive displacements. Consequently,\ninstances of intercommunal violence have emerged following the redeployment of security forces, leading to deliberate\nattacks on civilians, including children.\n\n\nSince 15 April over 2.8 million individuals have been forcibly displaced from their homes, of whom 1.5 million are children.\nThis includes refugees and migrants within Sudan [ii] . The largest numbers of new IDPs recorded are in West Darfur, White Nile,\nRiver Nile, and Northern states. It is estimated that 3% of the total population displaced are children separated from their\nprimary caregiver and are at risk of exploitation, including recruitment. Khartoum has experienced the highest outflow of\ncivilians. The number of newly displaced persons within a span of just over five weeks (15 April to 23 May) is comparable to\nthe total displacement recorded in the country between 2020 and 2022. Furthermore, over 644,000 individuals have crossed\ninto neighboring countries [iii] in search of safety, including to Egypt, South Sudan, Chad, the Central African Republic, and\nEthiopia.\n\n\nThe overall humanitarian and protection environment in Sudan presents grave concerns. Violations of International\nHumanitarian Law and Grave Child Rights Violations are reported, including killing and maiming of children, GBV against\nchildren, attacks on hospitals and schools, abductions, along with attempts of recruitment of children. The inability of many\ncivilians to meet their basic needs is compounded by skyrocketing food prices, movement restrictions, disruptions in economic\nactivities, power outages, communication challenges, bank closures leading to cash shortages, and the absence of essential\nservices. This aggravates the existing state of insecurity. The gravity of the situation is evidenced across Sudan, where the\ndestruction and looting of markets has left the civilian population unable to obtain food and other essential items for their\nsubsistence. The collapse of health services has further exacerbated the crisis, while the non-functionality of the municipal\nelectricity system in multiple conflict affected areas has rendered many water points inoperable. Disturbingly, attacks on water\npoints by various groups with the deliberate intention of denying civilians access to water have been reported in Ag Geneina.\nThis puts children and women at disproportionate risk, since they traditionally fetch water and now have to cover even greater\ndistances and in much riskier areas. Concerns persist for the safety of civilians trapped in their homes, unable to relocate to\nsafer areas due to the presence of armed actors whose checkpoints have impeded the safe movement of those who want to\nflee. Some have directly targeted people fleeing on foot. Beyond state capitals, communities that are heavily dependent on\nhumanitarian assistance are now largely cut off from support. Humanitarian actors face significant challenges in the\nresumption of their operations, including security constraints, breakdowns in communications, supply chain disruptions, cash\nflow issues, logistical hurdles and bureaucratic impediments. Moreover, the looting and massive destruction of humanitarian\npremises and assets has further intensified the dire situation.\n\n\nClashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have persisted in several locations,\nincluding Khartoum, Ag Geneina (West Darfur), Zalingi (Central Darfur), Al Fasher (North Darfur), and Al Obeid (North\nKordofan). According to the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), as of 23 May, the death toll has reached at least 730 [iv] people,\nwith approximately 5,500 individuals injured throughout the country. Tragically, 15 humanitarian workers [v], including\nrepresentatives from MSF and World Relief, have lost their lives, while several others have sustained injuries.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\n**ACCESS CHALLENGES**\n\n\nThere are ongoing efforts to secure a sustained and\nproperly enforced cessation of hostilities. Several cease-fire\nagreements were concluded with the assistance of the\nKingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America;\nhowever, adherence to cease-fire agreements has been\ninconsistent in Khartoum, minimal in other conflict affected\nareas, and not respected in Darfur. This has reduced the\npotential for humanitarian assistance to reach populations\nmost in need of support and protection. In the Darfur and\nKordofan regions major access constraints include:\nongoing conflict between SAF, RSF, and Sudan People's\nLiberation Movement North (SPLM-N), leading to restricted\naccess and attacks on aid workers, widespread insecurity,\npoor infrastructure, funding shortages, restricted population movement and limited entry for humanitarian actors, heavy\nregulations on organizations and logistical challenges, active hostilities and the presence of UXO and mines. These challenges\nmust be addressed for effective humanitarian assistance. There are additional complexities due to the presence of armed\nmilitias, self defense groups and Juba Peace Agreement signatory and non-signatory armed groups in the region. Negotiations\nfor humanitarian access and delivery of supplies must be undertaken with a range of actors on the ground before any\nmovement can proceed.\n\nEven prior to the current conflict, the annual rainy season posed challenges to the implementation of humanitarian operations.\nThe rainy season lasts for four months, from June to September, and drives the creation of new needs in areas subject to\nrecurrent flooding as well as impeding access by rendering roads in flood-affected areas impassable. In 2022, more than\n310,000 people were affected by floods and heavy rain in Sudan. It is anticipated that the forthcoming rainy season will further\nheighten access challenges that must be overcome in order to address humanitarian needs [vi] . At the same time the rainy season\nmarks the start of the agricultural season, during which conflict between farming and herding communities tends to spike.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe protection of civilians is of critical concern amidst the ongoing crisis in Sudan. Thousands of civilians, including women and\nchildren, have lost their lives, and thousands have survived horrific violence, including sexual abuse, while others have been\nseverely injured since the commencement of the conflict. This has resulted in significant displacement as people have fled\ntheir homes in search of safety and access to food, water and health services. Reports indicate that civilians of all ages are\nbeing subjected to various human rights violations and abuses [vii], including the six grave violations against children and conflict\nrelated sexual violence [viii] . There were reported cases of at least 435 children killed, and of a further 2,025 children injured (still\nunder verification). Additionally, civilian property and infrastructure are being greatly affected by the ongoing crisis. Instances\nof looting and shortages of vital resources, such as food, water, healthcare (including reproductive healthcare), fuel and other\nessential goods and services, are placing a significant burden on the civilian population. The impact is especially severe in\ndensely populated residential areas like Khartoum, Bahri, Omdurman, and towns in Darfur and North Kordofan. These regions\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\nare witnessing power outages, a lack of healthcare facilities and basic services, and a rapid depletion of food, water and medical\nsupplies. The majority of civilian casualties are a result of collateral damage during the fighting primarily between RSF and SAF,\nparticularly in urban areas of Khartoum where heavy weapons and airstrikes have been used indiscriminately and\ndisproportionately by various parties to the conflict, posing a significant threat to civilians in these heavily populated areas.\n\n\nThe Protection Sector in Darfur received reports of at least nine instances of inter-communal clashes within the first month of\nthe conflict - such as in Tawila locality in North Darfur, where armed individuals attacked civilians in the market of Tabit village,\nand which resulted in fatalities and injuries. Clashes in Masterei (Beida locality, West Darfur) [ix], which was a persistent hotspot\nfor intercommunal tensions even prior to the outbreak of the conflict, have reportedly resulted in the displacement of the\nentire civilian population of the town. In Ag Geneina (West Darfur), large scale ethnically motivated killings and targeting are\nreported by survivors crossing into Chad. This includes targeted killings of leaders of specific communities, most notably the\nGovernor of West Darfur who was killed on 14 June. There are also reports of the deliberate destruction of hundreds of homes,\nand that members of targeted tribes are being prevented from fleeing Ag Genaina to seek safety in Chad.\n\n\nThe concentration and mobilization of forces in specific areas, such as towns, as a result of the conflict between the SAF and\nRSF, have created an even greater lack of state provision of civilian protection in peripheral regions. With state actors failing\nto protect civilians during raging violence, reports have emerged indicating that civilians in various locations across Darfur are\narming themselves. Parties to the conflict\u2019s calls on the population to take up arms [x] and fight cast grave concerns, with risks\nof forced recruitments, escalation into an all-out civil war, and growing civilian casualties. The Protection Sector is deeply\nconcerned about the safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, including women, children, people with disabilities, older\npersons, refugees and migrants, who may face disproportionate violence, be left behind or face increased risks of trafficking\nand separation from their families during their attempts to flee escalating hostilities.\n\n\nResidents trapped in Khartoum, as well as those who have sought refuge in neighboring South Sudan and Chad, have recounted\ntheir experiences of witnessing civilians being killed and injured in heavy fighting, airstrikes, and shelling in residential areas.\nRegrettably, none of the parties to the conflict appears to have taken sufficient measures to minimize harm to civilians during\nattacks or the deployment of forces, as prescribed by IHL.\n\n\nDespite a cease-fire agreement and the Jeddah Declaration brokered by Saudi Arabia and the United States on May 22 [xi],\nfighting and attacks on civilians persist in Khartoum and several key towns in the Darfur region. At least 51 attacks on health\ncare facilities and staff have been verified by WHO since 15 April. Since the signing of the Jeddah Declaration 14 new reports\nof attacks on healthcare facilities have been verified. Numerous residents have expressed their inability to transport the\ndeceased or injured to medical facilities due to the ongoing fighting. The protection and well-being of civilians in Sudan remains\nof paramount importance, necessitating immediate and decisive action to safeguard their lives, uphold their human rights,\nand ensure access to essential services and resources.\n\n\nIn addition, the widespread use of conventional weapons including field artillery, mortars, air-dropped weapons and antiaircraft guns have left unexploded ordnances (UXOs) in all regions affected by the hostilities. Many of the clashes occurred in\nareas previously unfamiliar with conflict, where the population had received little to no explosive ordnance risk education.\nChildren are particularly vulnerable as are refugees and internally displaced persons due to their increased movements, which\noften heightens their risk and exposure to UXOs. Explosive hazards put civilian infrastructures at risk and limit access to roads,\nwater, schools, food, shelter and health care facilities, further exacerbating existing vulnerabilities of at risk civilians as well as\nhindering and endangering humanitarian response efforts.\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n#### RISK 2 Gender-based and conflict related sexual violence\n\n\nPrior to the conflict, Sudan was grappling with worrying gender-based violence (GBV) trends. Women and girls in Sudan\ncontinue to be at high risk of all forms of GBV and conflict related sexual violence [xii] . The fragile security situation coupled with\ndeclining ability to meet basic needs amidst a collapsing economy has exacerbated stressors at the household level that\nincrease risks of intimate partner violence. In parallel, the outbreak of conflict and the proliferation of armed actors has further\nheightened risks of sexual assault and abuse for those in conflict affected areas.\n\n\nAll forms of GBV are increasing. Since 15 April, the GBV sub-sector in Sudan and service providers have received surging reports\nof cases of GBV, including sexual violence, particularly against internally displaced persons (IDPs) fleeing from one state to\nanother and when homes are being looted, as well as an increased number of domestic violence cases. Older women,\nadolescent girls and women and girls living with disabilities face additional concerns and challenges in this unstable\nenvironment. Vulnerable men and boys are also exposed the risks of GBV.\n\n\nLimited access to services, in particular in conflict affected states, and shortage of supplies are two of the most serious\nchallenges to service provision. While both GBV and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services continue to function in\nmany states, there are severe shortages of supplies and medications, including clinical management of rape (CMR) kits, dignity\nkits, female hygiene supplies and other life-affirming and life-saving care. Given the centralization of warehouses/prepositioned supplies and international staff and coordination systems in Khartoum, fighting and destruction of property there\nare of critical concern.\n\n\n[The Sudanese Unit for Combating Violence against Women and Children announced that it had documented 12 new cases of](https://www.facebook.com/100067857823649/posts/pfbid0261mo7bsb5gSK4Z3FHwsDjSUHWX5dXwYzsB6ZuVXBYrJahe8o69omR2H8zd83qcxpl/?mibextid=Nif5oz)\nsexual assault in Khartoum, bringing the number of cases documented by the Unit to 36 in Khartoum alone. Reportedly,\nsurvivors were between 12 and 17 years old. These cases are likely to represent only a small proportion of the conflict-related\nsexual violence that has occurred, with reporting hampered by ongoing fighting, telecommunications network breakdowns\nand mistrust in the authorities. Women and girls have also reported that they have experienced harassment and sexual assault\nduring displacement, while travelling in search of safety and while sheltering at temporary accommodations which lack security\nand privacy. In some cases, displaced women and girls have had no choice but to sleep in open areas, exposing them to GBV\nand other forms of sexual violence.\n\n\nCoupled with a complicated legal system on the provision of sexual and reproductive health care, girls and women who have\nsurvived sexual violence have, if any, very limited choices. Although GBV services are available in some areas, survivors face\nchallenges to access the services due to insecurity and movement restrictions, the lack of/limited trained human resource\nfrom the government or protection actors, particularly in the hotspot areas. It is estimated by GBV AOR that the number of\nindividuals in need of GBV services has increased by one million during this conflict. [xiii]\n\n#### RISK 3 Theft, extortion, looting, and destruction of public and personal property\n\n\nWithin one week of the commencement of the conflict, the withdrawal of SAF forces from states not directly affected by the\nconflict was observed. In South Kordofan, SAF forces were withdrawn and redeployed to El Obeid (North Kordofan). During\nperiods of military redeployment in certain regions, such as South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, checkpoints were removed,\nleading to an increase in criminal activities. Reports of criminal gangs ambushing vehicles and robbing passengers became\nmore prevalent in these areas. Additionally, the redeployment of security forces from conflict zones to other regions, like\nKhartoum, Darfur, and North Kordofan, has had adverse effects on the security of the areas they left behind. Markets in many\nregions have been looted and destroyed, among them the Old Omdurma market.\n\n\nIn the Darfur region, the Protection Sector has recorded over 50 incidents of armed robbery or looting in the first month of\nthe conflict [xiv] . Incidents of armed robbery were reported along the roads in all Darfur States, as well as West and South\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\nKordofan States [xv] . Despite being aware of the generalized insecurity that persists on roads between different towns, civilians\ntake the risk to travel in order to escape conflict-affected areas in search of safety and the means to meet their basic needs.\n\n\nThere are reports that inmates who have escaped from prison have joined these gangs. The most frequent reports of criminal\nactivity and looting have emerged from Nyala (South Darfur) and Ag Geneina (West Darfur), although communication\nchallenges are hampering the identification of incidents In Ag Geneina in particular. Armed militia members on motorbikes\nand four-wheel drive vehicles engaged in the looting of other tribes\u2019 properties. Reflecting the ongoing deterioration in the\nsecurity context, in late May the Governor of the Darfur Region called upon citizens to take up arms to defend themselves and\ntheir property. State authorities have not attempted to rein in the looting being undertaken by armed militias and criminal\nelements in Ag Geneina, contributing to perceptions of impunity that were already gaining ground prior to the conflict.\n\n\nThe ongoing conflict in Sudan has evolved into a critical child protection crisis, resulting in numerous casualties and injuries\namong children. Since the onset of the conflict, approximately 2 million persons have been displaced, with around 1.5 million\nof them being children. Additionally, an estimated half a million children have fled across the border in search of safety. The\nhostile environment exposes children to significant risks, such as association with organized criminal gangs involved in looting\nand potential recruitment by conflicting parties. The mass displacement of families has been accompanied by large-scale family\nseparations, leaving many children unaccompanied and separated from their care givers.\n\n\nAdolescent girls, particularly those who are homeless or living on the streets, as well as those who have departed from\ntraditional religious institutions (khalwas) in Kordofan, face unique challenges. Many of these children, originating from\nconflict-affected regions such as Darfur, are exposed to an increased risk of sexual and gender-based violence and other\nassociated dangers. The presence of unexploded ordnances (UXOs) poses a grave danger, resulting in the loss of lives or severe\ninjuries among children The risks these children are exposed to compound the pre-existing challenges they faced, as\nhighlighted by the Humanitarian Response Plan 2023. Prior to the conflict 9 million children were already in need of\nhumanitarian assistance, bringing the new total to 13.6 million children in need of urgent assistance. Local actors on the ground\nhave identified grave violations, including killings, maiming, and alleged recruitment of children into armed forces/groups,\nrape and other sexual violence, abductions and kidnappings, attacks on schools and hospitals, as well as killings and injuries of\nchildren as highlighted under Risk 1. The disruption of national child-care systems further exacerbates the plight of children,\nparticularly those who were already unaccompanied or residing in institutional care settings.\n\n\nEven those children who have reached relatively safe locations, such as refugees and IDPs, have experienced severe disruptions\nof their well-being. The interruption of education and healthcare services, exposure to conflict-related stress and trauma, and\ndeteriorating family environments due to extreme destitution have all taken a toll on their physical and mental health.\nChildren's access to education has been severely impeded by the suspension of schooling, especially during crucial final exam\nperiods, resulting in thousands of children being unable to complete their studies. Attendance rates at existing Child-Friendly\nSpaces has dropped as a result of forced displacement, and many children are compelled to engage in occasional labor to\nsupport their families. The prevailing socio-economic disruption has increased the risk of neglect and exploitation, as children\nlack proper family attention and care. In East Sudan reception centers, camps, and temporary shelters are overcrowded,\nincreasing the challenges faced by unaccompanied children. Despite efforts from child protection organizations, there is a\nshortage of resources to address the specific needs of children, further exacerbating their vulnerability. Urgent action is\nrequired to address these pressing issues and provide comprehensive support to safeguard the well-being and rights of\nchildren affected by the conflict.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n#### RISK 5 Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress\n\n\nThe ongoing emergency situation in Sudan has profoundly impacted a considerable portion of the population. Consequently\ntheir psychological well-being is expected to be substantially affected, leading to the development of trauma-related issues\nand various psychological manifestations stemming from the conflict.\n\n\nAmidst limited access and the challenges faced by service providers, it is imperative to adopt alternative modalities for\nproviding remote psychosocial support to at-risk groups. Prioritizing community-based protection networks and their ability\nto deliver Psychological First Aid (PFA) is of utmost importance. Establishing clear referral pathways to other service providers\nis crucial, in order to respond to the MHPSS needs of the affected population. Moreover, promoting and raising awareness\nabout MHPSS-related topics within the affected communities can play an important role in fostering resilience.\n\n\nFurthermore, integrating MHPSS services into the broader framework of general protection responses, including addressing\ngender-based violence (GBV) and child protection, is critical. The Protection Sector, in collaboration with its partners, has\nobserved an unfortunate rise in stigma surrounding the utilization of mental health services among the affected individuals.\nIn response, partners are actively developing sensitization materials to enhance the willingness of the population to seek\nmental health support [xvi] .\n\n\nTo streamline service delivery, MHPSS Technical Working Group (TWG) has conducted a comprehensive mapping exercise to\nidentify available MHPSS services throughout the country. This endeavor enables the establishment of efficient referral\npathways for the most severely affected individuals, facilitating their access to appropriate support. Moving forward, the TWG\nremains committed to closely collaborate with stakeholders in the field, including various UN agencies, to provide the\nnecessary technical support required to address the MHPSS needs arising from the crisis.\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nFrom January 2023 to July 15th, according to the HRP consolidated inputs, a total of 251,380 individuals have been reached\nand benefited from protection and AoR interventions. These partners have been actively involved in various initiatives to\naddress the needs of vulnerable populations, providing support, protection, and assistance to those in distress. The impact of\ntheir efforts can be seen through different indicators. The collective efforts of sector partners have had a significant impact in\nserving the needs of vulnerable populations. Over 100,000 persons have been reached through both in-person and remote\nprotection monitoring including over 80,000 since April 15. Through various initiatives such as 40 community support projects,\nreferrals of 4384 PSNs to specialized services, establishment of/support to 156 community-based structures, essential needs\nhave been met, and community resilience has been strengthened. Additionally, mental health support, information activities\nreaching 94,242 persons (including 59,066 since April 15), and training on protection issues for over 12,751 duty bearers have\nfurther enhanced the well-being and resilience of beneficiaries.\n\n\n**The Child Protection AoR** has successfully supported the relocation of children from hotspot areas of Khartoum to safe areas.\nChild Protection AoR, together with other independent Agencies (ICRC) and Cluster Lead Agency (UNICEF) coordinated the\nsafe evacuation of 297 children from Mygoma Orphanage Khartoum to a safer location. In addition, at least 3,269\nunaccompanied and separated children were given alternative care or reunified with their families. Psychosocial support was\nprovided to at least 70,192 children and their parents in Sudan through partners and community-based mechanisms while\n2,308 community members, including children, were provided with messages/training on landmine and other UXOs and their\ndangers. In addition, 1,152 women girls and boys have been provided with safe and accessible channels to report sexual\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\nexploitation and abuse, and over 41,045 women, girls and boys received access to gender-based violence risk mitigation,\nprevention and/or response interventions. Community structures including childrens\u2019 clubs and community-based child\nprotection networks have been activated in various locations to facilitate emergency responses and report violence against\nchildren. The AoR has engaged in continuous efforts to strengthen coordination mechanisms at sub-national level, including\nsetting up coordination structures in new IDP hosting locations. Various trainings have also been provided to partners, such as\non the implementation of life-saving interventions, including caring for UASC, parenting tips, MHPSS tools and prevention of\nsexual exploitation and abuse. Trainings on monitoring and reporting mechanisms for grave violations of child rights has also\nbeen a priority. The trained community-based child protection network members actively monitor and report violence against\nchildren. The relevant mechanism have been activated from the onset of the crisis but face some challenges in verifying the\nincidents.\n\n\n**The GBV AoR** has reported that from April \u2013 15 June, the GBV partners have reached a total of 67,251 people with activities,\nsuch as provision of life-saving GBV responses, medical (including Clinical Management of Rape), legal, PSS, awareness training\nand material assistance to GBV survivors, as well as referrals to appropriate services. Information dissemination sessions were\nconducted on GBV related issues, including the availability of services and referral systems by utilizing community-based\nstructures. Temporary and semi-permanent Women and Girls\u2019 Safe Spaces in selected accessible gathering points were\nestablished/operationalized based on the consultation with women and girls as well as community leaders. Furthermore, to\naddress the interruption of access to physical services, a total of the 964 frontline GBV service providers were trained on GBV,\nincluding 425 persons trained by the GBV Sub-Sector on the remote provision of GBV services, focusing on remote psychosocial\nsupport, psychological first aid, referrals, emergency response planning and PSEA. In parallel, standard operating procedures\nand protocols for remote GBV service provision have been developed for the first time in Sudan. Meanwhile, GBV Sub-Sector\npartners are scaling up GBV prevention and response services in the new IDP-hosting states, in particular Al Jazeera, Blue Nile\nand White Nile. Service providers were trained on psychological first aid, GBV in emergencies, GBV case management and\nreferrals in order to ensure timely access to the multi-sectoral GBV response services, in addition to the procurement of over\n54,000 kits in pipeline.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\nAll recommendations provided in this analysis emphasize the urgency of prioritizing the protection of civilians, ensuring\nunrestricted humanitarian access, investigating and addressing human rights violations, and garnering international support\nto address the crisis in Sudan effectively.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Fully respect and abide by International Humanitarian Law (IHL) to ensure the protection of civilians.\n\n - Enable civilians to safely leave conflict areas for secured areas should they wish to do so.\n\n - Guarantee safe, secure, and unhindered humanitarian access, both during and beyond ceasefires, to deliver life-saving\nassistance to affected populations.\n\n - Respect and protect humanitarian personnel, premises, and relief items from any interference or looting.\n\n - Thoroughly investigate attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals, to determine\nresponsibility and hold those responsible accountable.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Exercise heightened human rights due diligence and conflict-sensitivity / do no harm to prevent any negative impacts on\nthe conflict affected populatioin and prioritize the respect for human rights.\n\n - Advocate to members states and influencers for humanitarian access and humanitarian pause for the delivery of supplies\nand services.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n - Promote the establishment of mechanisms to monitor the compliance of conflict parties with IHL and specific directives\naimed at the protection of civilians and against property-related crimes.\n\n - Promote the establishment of effective enforcement measures and consequences for violations to deter such actions\nand ensure accountability of combatants.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENTS**\n\n\n - Borders should remain open to receive Sudanese individuals seeking refuge, and they should not be forcibly returned.\nAdequate protection and assistance should be provided to those fleeing the conflict.\n\n - International support should be provided to neighboring countries that are assisting refugees, including necessary\nresources and humanitarian aid.\n\n#### RISK 2 Gen der-based and conflict related sexual violence\n\n\n**ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Call parties to the conflict to protect the population against any form of gender-based violence, notably rape and other\nkinds of sexual assault/abuse.\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n - Support advocacy efforts to scale-up life-saving GBV services for conflict-affected communities. This includes the\nestablishment of logistical pathways through which life-saving items, such as rape treatment kits, medicines, dignity kits\nand other essential NFIs, can be brought into Sudan free from bureaucratic impediments.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Increase funding amounts, as well as allow for increased flexibility of use of funds, to ensure that GBV services and the\nGBV coordination mechanism can scale up to meet increased needs in both IDP hosting sites and conflict affected states\nand provide life-saving GBV services, women and girls safe spaces, and GBV Confidential Corners, and ensure appropriate\nand updated referral mechanisms; Allow for strengthened remote GBV services provision and remote training, including\nsetting-up additional helplines and training service providers on remote GBV case management and psychosocial support;\nEnsure adequate supplies of dignity kits, menstrual hygiene management commodities and rape treatment kits; Provide\ncash assistance to GBV survivors as part of GBV case management so that GBV survivors are able to travel to access\nservices.\n\n - Provide direct funding and refresher training/capacity development/Training of Trainers support to local organizations\nand networks, and in particular women\u2019s organizations working on the frontline.\n\n - Additional support to enhance the inter-sectoral complementarity with GBV risk mitigation should be included within all\nsector strategies, planning, and programmatic interventions, to make all the spaces safe for women and girls.\n\n#### RISK 3 Theft, extortion, looting, and destruction of public and personal property\n\n\n**ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Parties of the conflict should urgently issue directives against property-related crimes with clear directives to all\ncombatants and affiliated groups explicitly prohibiting theft, extortion, looting, and the destruction of public and personal\nproperty and emphasize the importance of respecting civilian property and the consequences for non-compliance.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n - Support advocacy efforts to monitor compliance and enforce consequences by establishing mechanisms that oversee the\nadherence of conflict parties to directives against property-related crimes. Additionally, promote the establishment of\neffective enforcement measures and consequences for violations to deter such actions and ensure accountability of\nperpetrators.\n\n\n**ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n - Protect schools and hospitals during the conflict, uphold IHL and hold those who violate IHL accountable. Safeguard\ncivilians, especially children and ensure access to safe spaces.\n\n - Ur ~~ge~~ all parties to the conflict to stop all recruitment and use of children in the conflict by issuing command orders that\nno boy or girl should be involved in the conflict in any combat or support role.\n\n - Attacks on civilian infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals is one of the six grave child rights violations and should\nbe thoroughly investigated to determine responsibility and hold those responsible accountable.\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**SUDAN** | July 2023\n\n\n - Institute robust and comprehensive measures aimed at ensuring the protection, care, and safeguarding of\nunaccompanied and separated children (UASC), who are particularly vulnerable in the context of the prevailing conflict.\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n - Urgently institute robust and comprehensive measures aimed at ensuring the protection, care, and safeguarding of\nUASC.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n - Support the scale-up of life-saving services for conflict-affected communities, including for children and survivors of GBV,\nin particular psychosocial services. This also includes the establishment of logistical pathways through which life-saving\nitems, such as PEP kits, medicines and other essential NFIs, can be brought into Sudan free from bureaucratic\nimpediments.\n\n - Recognize the need for sustained support and funding for protection programs. The effects of conflict and displacement\ncan be long-lasting, and protection interventions must be implemented over an extended period to provide ongoing\nsupport to the affected population.\n\n#### RISK 5 Psychological/emotional abuse or inflicted distress\n\n\n**HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM**\n\n\n - Ensure the integration of MHPSS services and support into the overall humanitarian response framework. This includes\nincorporating MHPSS components into needs assessments, program planning, and resource allocation processes.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Endnotes**\n\n\n[i Sudan: Revised Humanitarian Response Plan 2023 (Revision issued on 17 May 2023) https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-revised-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-revised-humanitarian-response-plan-2023-revision-issued-17-may-2023)\n[humanitarian-response-plan-2023-revision-issued-17-may-2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-revised-humanitarian-response-plan-2023-revision-issued-17-may-2023)\n[ii DTM Sudan - Situation Report 6 https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-situation-report-6](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/dtm-sudan-situation-report-6)\n[iii UNHCR Data Portal as of 20 June 2023, Situation Sudan situation (unhcr.org)](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)\n[iv Clashes between SAF and RSF - Flash Update No. 14 (28 May 2023) https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)\n[update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-clashes-between-saf-and-rsf-flash-update-no-14-28-may-2023-enar)\nv Idem\nvi [https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/acaps-thematic-report-sudan-crisis-anticipated-impacts-2023-rainy-season-21-june-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/acaps-thematic-report-sudan-crisis-anticipated-impacts-2023-rainy-season-21-june-2023#:~:text=The%20rainy%20season%20typically%20occurs,08%2F12%2F2022)\n[2023#:~:text=The%20rainy%20season%20typically%20occurs,08%2F12%2F2022](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/acaps-thematic-report-sudan-crisis-anticipated-impacts-2023-rainy-season-21-june-2023#:~:text=The%20rainy%20season%20typically%20occurs,08%2F12%2F2022)\n[vii OHCHR Civilians bear devastating brunt of fighting in Sudan: UN experts https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/05/civilians-bear-](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/05/civilians-bear-devastating-brunt-fighting-sudan-un-experts)\n[devastating-brunt-fighting-sudan-un-experts](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/05/civilians-bear-devastating-brunt-fighting-sudan-un-experts)\n[viii Crisis in Sudan - GBV AoR Sub-Sector Sudan: Situation Brief (23 May 2023) https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/crisis-sudan-gbv-aor-sub-sector-](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/crisis-sudan-gbv-aor-sub-sector-sudan-situation-brief-23-may-2023)\n[sudan-situation-brief-23-may-2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/crisis-sudan-gbv-aor-sub-sector-sudan-situation-brief-23-may-2023)\nix Darfur Protection of Civilians Advocacy Brief 24 May 2023\n[x https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/clashes-heard-sudans-capital-eid-holiday-begins-2023-06-27/](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/clashes-heard-sudans-capital-eid-holiday-begins-2023-06-27/)\n[xi Agreement on a Short-Term Ceasefire and Humanitarian Arrangements https://www.state.gov/agreement-on-a-short-term-ceasefire-and-](https://www.state.gov/agreement-on-a-short-term-ceasefire-and-humanitarian-arrangements/)\n[humanitarian-arrangements/](https://www.state.gov/agreement-on-a-short-term-ceasefire-and-humanitarian-arrangements/)\nxii UNFPA\nxiii UNFPA\nxiv Darfur Protection Advocacy Brief for all Darfur, page 3.\nxv For North Darfur, nine separate armed robbery incidents along the road between El Fasher and other localities were reported\n[xvi PROTECTION BRIEF SUDAN - Operational Data Portal https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/101097](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/101097)\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe methodology employed in this analysis encompasses an extensive range of quantitative and qualitative data\nobtained from primary and secondary sources. These sources include protection monitoring, key informant interviews, as\nwell as reports and analyses from reliable entities such as sector partners, UN agencies, clusters, international and\nnational NGOs, community-based organizations, and individuals affected by the conflict.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nThe current situation in Sudan is characterized by distressing circumstances, including violent urban warfare, civil unrest,\nand a notable increase in criminal activity. These factors contribute to a pervasive sense of insecurity. As a consequence,\nNGOs encounter significant challenges in terms of access, and the security of humanitarian personnel is further impeded\nby restrictions on their movement and the implementation of relief efforts. This has affected access to affected\ncommunities and thus the ability to engage in protection monitoring and to verify all of the information contained in this\nupdate.\n\n\nFor further information, contact the National Protection Cluster coordination team: **Sriskun Watanasab** Senior\n\nProtection Cluster Coordinator **[watanasa@unhcr.org](mailto:watanasa@unhcr.org)** | **Muhammet Kalai** Protection Cluster Co-Coordinator\n\n**[Muhammet.kalai@drc.ngo](mailto:Muhammet.kalai@drc.ngo)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Data Portal", - "confidence": 0.542539119720459, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Situation Report", - "confidence": 0.5991635322570801, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9867477416992188, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9726285338401794, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5873810052871704, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.948946475982666, - "start": 265, - "end": 267 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "SUDAN", - "confidence": 0.7392362952232361, - "start": 229, - "end": 230 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9128001928329468, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5115196108818054, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/08c76192-2496-4c38-90b2-f1f6df483468/pau_sudan_final_aug_9_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_862/raw/doc_862_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_862/raw/doc_862_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2122724e86b2f6224ec5c77898e6c39e4781cb0c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_862/raw/doc_862_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION IN UKRAINE\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## CONTENTS\n\nINTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\nWHAT IS PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION? .............................................................................................. 3\n\n\nWHY ARE PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION IMPORTANT? ........................................................................ 4\n\n\nHOW ARE PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION OPERATIONALIZED? ............................................................. 4\n\n\nCapacity Building .......................................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\nDialogue ........................................................................................................................................................ 7\n\n\nInformation Sharing ...................................................................................................................................... 7\n\n\nLegal Assistance ............................................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\nReintegration ................................................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\nReparations................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\nTruth and Reconciliation Commissions ...................................................................................................... 10\n\n\nHOW CAN PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION SUPPORT PROTECTION AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS IN\n\n\nUKRAINE? ............................................................................................................................................................ 12\n\n\nEXISTING EFFORTS .............................................................................................................................................. 14\n\n\nCONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................... 16\n\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## INTRODUCTION\n\nPeacebuilding and reconciliation are integral to supporting a strong protection environment and facilitating\n\n\ndurable solutions. This guidance note has been drafted by the Protection Cluster for use by humanitarian actors\n\n\nin Ukraine. It provides practical guidance on how peacebuilding and reconciliation can be operationalized in\n\n\nhumanitarian response, including examples from other contexts, as well as key recommendations.\n\n## WHAT IS PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION?\n\n\n**Peacebuilding** encompasses activities that seek to reduce the risk of violent conflict. In May 2007, the United\n\n\nNations (UN) adopted the following definition of peacebuilding: \u201cPeacebuilding involves a range of measures\n\n\ntargeted to reduce the risk of lapsing or relapsing into conflict by strengthening national capacities at all levels\n\nfor conflict management, and to lay the foundations for sustainable peace and development.\u201d [1] Peacebuilding\n\nactivities can take place at all levels of society, including government, civil society, and at the grassroots level. [2]\n\n\n**Reconciliation** involves (re)building relationships among people and groups in society and between the state\n\nand its citizens. [3] Healing trauma, building trust, enabling forgiveness, and sharing narratives are some of the\n\nmany elements of reconciliation. [4] Depending on the conflict, reconciliation may be needed between political\n\n\ngroups, between different communities or ethnic groups, between citizens and the state, or a combination of\n\n\nthese.\n\n\n1 \u201cUnited Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, _United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and_\n_Guidelines_, 2008 at 18, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.\n[2 Interpeace, \u201cOur Track 6 Approach,\u201d http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/)\n3 Enrique S\u00e1nchez and Sylvia Rognvik, Workshop Report: \u201cBuilding Just Societies: Reconciliation in Transitional Settings,\u201d\n1, Accra, Ghana, 5-6 June 2012, [http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf)\n[workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf. [hereinafter S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf)\n4 _See, e.g_ ., _id_ . at 6.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## WHY ARE PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION IMPORTANT?\n\nPeacebuilding and reconciliation both work to reduce the risk of relapse into violent conflict by helping create\n\n\nsustainable peace within a society. Peacebuilding activities create \u201cpeace dividends,\u201d which are tangible results\n\n\nfor the affected community that can be directly tied either to the absence of conflict or to the peacebuilding\n\nprocess. [5]\n\n\nPeacebuilding and reconciliation strategies should be comprehensive and closely correlated to the particular\n\nneeds of the conflict or area. [6] It is essential that priorities be set by the affected communities, rather than by\n\ninternational actors. [7] In addition, since conflicts often affect women differently\u2014as, in many cases, women\n\n\noften have fewer resources to protect themselves, make up the majority of displaced and refugee populations,\n\n\nand are targeted by certain war tactics such as sexual violence\u2014women\u2019s participation at all stages of a peace\n\nprocess is vital to achieving and sustaining peace. [8] Everyone\u2014not just the government or international\n\n\norganizations\u2014can contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation.\n\n## HOW ARE PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION OPERATIONALIZED?\n\n\nAccording to the UN, the \u201cdistinctive feature that will identify an activity as **peacebuilding** is whether or not it\n\nwill significantly reduce the risk of relapse into conflict.\u201d [9] Some peacebuilding activities, such as disarmament,\n\n\ndemobilization, and de-mining action are clear. However, depending on the type of conflict, administrative\n\n\nreforms, road construction, and access to education may also be considered to be peacebuilding efforts.\n\n\nBy contrast, **reconciliation** generally involves four primary activities: \u201cestablishing the truth about the\n\n\nviolations committed and acknowledging them, facilitating accountability, responding to the effects that\n\n\n5 United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office, \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation,\u201d September 2010 at 16,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf. [hereinafter \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf)\nOrientation\u201d]. Sarah Laughton and Nicholas Crawford have described peace dividends as \u201ctimely and tangible: can people\nsee it, or feel it, or use it, or spend it? And can they connect receipt of the dividend to political milestones \u2013 to a ceasefire\nor peace treaty, to DDR, to newly opened returns and resettlement, or to participation in new governance arrangements?\nIf not, the presumed divided may not be recognized at all; or it may be perceived as another ad hoc emergency or\ndevelopment project.\u201d\n6 _Id_ . at 12.\n7 _Id._ at 13.\n8 The United Nations Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding, Decision of the UNSG and the Policy\nCommission on Women\u2019s Participation in Peacebuilding, 14 September 2010.\n9\u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation,\u201d _supra_ note 5, at 16.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nviolence had on the lives of victims, and providing guarantees of non-repetition.\u201d [10] Access to psychosocial care\n\n\nand support may also be an important component of reconciliation, as it is often essential in responding to the\n\n\neffects of violence on victims.\n\n\nIn addition, the historic UN Security Council resolution\n\n\n1325 on women, peace and security, followed by seven\n\nsupporting resolutions, [11] frames the global Women, Peace\n\n\nand Security agenda.\n\n\nThe resolutions call for women to participate in\n\n\npeacebuilding and reconciliation, be better protected from\n\n\nhuman rights violations, and have access to justice and\n\n\nservices in order to eliminate discrimination. The UN\n\n\nSeven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive\n\nPeacebuilding [12] guides the UN system and its partners\n\n\ntowards women\u2019s full engagement in peacebuilding.\n\n\nAll UN entities working on peacebuilding began\n\n\nimplementing the Plan in 2011.\n\n\nAt the country level, the Women, Peace and Security agenda is implemented through National Action Plans.\n\n\nUkraine adopted its first National Action Plan on Implementation of the UN Security Council Resolution 1325\n\nin 2016. [13] The Plan includes six pillars requiring coordinated state, civil society and international partner\n\n\nimplementation:\n\n\n1) Peacekeeping and peace-protecting activities;\n\n\n2) Women\u2019s participation in peacebuilding;\n\n\n3) Prevention of conflicts and violence;\n\n\n4) Protection of women and girls affected by the conflict;\n\n\n5) Provision of assistance and rehabilitation of people affected by the conflict; and\n\n\n6) Monitoring of the National Action Plan for implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on\n\n\nWomen, Peace and Security until 2020.\n\n\n10 S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_ note 3, at 9.\n11 UNSCRs 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122 (2013) and 2242 (2015).\n12 The United Nations Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding, Decision of the UNSG and the Policy\nCommission on Women\u2019s Participation in Peacebuilding, 14 September 2010.\n13 National Action Plan on implementation of UN Security Council Resolution #1325 \u201cWomen. Peace. Security\u201d till 2020,\nadopted by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine \u2116 113-r, 24 February 2016 \u2116 113-r,\n[http://peacewomen.org/action-plan/national-action-plan-ukraine.](http://peacewomen.org/action-plan/national-action-plan-ukraine)\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nIn general, underlying principles for effective peacebuilding and reconciliation include **conflict sensitivity,** **[14]**\n\n**communication, inclusivity, ownership,** **[15]** **and trust.** **[16]** Some common mechanisms for peacebuilding and\n\n\nreconciliation are **capacity building**, **dialogue**, **information sharing**, **legal assistance**, **reintegration**,\n\n\n**reparations**, and **truth and reconciliation commissions** . These mechanisms will be discussed below.\n\n### CAPACITY BUILDING\n\n\nIn order to be effective and sustainable, peacebuilding and reconciliation programs should be nationally led\n\n\nand, ultimately, nationally implemented. Consistent and equitable provision of government services is a key\n\ncomponent for promoting sustainable peace and social cohesion. [17] By building better and more responsive\n\n\ninstitutions, the government is more likely to be responsive to the differentiated needs of women, men, boys\n\n\nand girls of all ages. Capacity-building programs often focus on support to the judiciary, the legislature, and the\n\n\neducational sector. Training programs may also be helpful, although the target audiences, methods, and\n\n\nevaluations of these programs should be carefully considered and tailored to various groups\u2019 needs. The World\n\n\nBank has made several recommendations for capacity building, including creating incentives based on decent\n\npay and merit promotions, working with existing institutions, and hosting strategic trainings when needed. [18]\n\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _In 2010, during an ongoing political transition, ethnic violence broke out in south Kyrgyzstan._\n_Afterwards, international humanitarian actors began funding peacebuilding and reconciliation projects in the_\n_area. These programs created quantifiable results, such as 700 trained mediators. However, because attitudes_\n_were not included in the assessment, evaluations didn\u2019t incorporate that at least one training participant_\n_continued to have discriminatory views towards other groups. Thus, the program may not have fully_\n_addressed the underlying sources of the conflict._ _[19]_\n\n\n14 Peacebuilding and reconciliation programs should be designed with an understanding of the underlying causes of the conflict,\nincluding any trauma and emotional harms from the conflict, as well as to the cultural context within which the conflict takes\nplace. For example, a conflict sensitive program should not exclusively hire or train members of one political, religious, or ethnic\ngroup. \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation\u201d at 6, 12, 16.\n15 It is essential that the national and local community feels it has ownership over the peacebuilding and reconciliation process.\n_See,_ _e.g_ ., Interpeace, \u201cLocal ownership,\u201d [http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/)\n[ownership/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/)\n16 Rebuilding trust is a key goal, however, \u201c[t]rust cannot be imposed, imported, or bought.\u201d Reconciliation efforts in particular\nshould seek ways to slowly build trust within relationships. _See, e.g_ ., Michele Brandt, Jill Cottrell, Yash Ghai, and Anthony Regan,\n_Constitution-making_ _and_ _Reform:_ _Options_ _for_ _the_ _Process_, Interpeace 2011 at v,\n[http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf.](http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf)\n17 European Union, United Nations, and World Bank Group, \u201cUkraine Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment: Analysis of Crisis\nImpacts and Needs in Eastern Ukraine,\u201d vol. 2, March 2015, at 105, [http://www.un.org.ua/](http://www.un.org.ua/images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf)\n[images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf. (\u201c[It] is important to recognize the importance of social protection](http://www.un.org.ua/images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf)\nservice delivery as a major element of rebuilding social cohesion. Restoring basic social services and support for livelihood\nopportunities not only meets the fundamental needs of the conflict-affected populations, but also serves a critical conflict\nmitigation function by defusing competition over scarce resources.\u201d)\n18 Alastair J. McKechnie, Building Capacity in Post-Conflict Countries, Capacity Enhancement Briefs No. 5, March 2004,\n[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCDRC/Resources/CDBrief05.pdf.](http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCDRC/Resources/CDBrief05.pdf)\n19 _See_ \u201cThe Pitfalls of Peacebuilding: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan, Prospects for Ukraine,\u201d Event Transcript, Open Society\nFoundations, Washington, D.C. 14 November 2014, at 3, [https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-](https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine)\n[peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine.](https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine DIALOGUE\n\nDialogue provides a forum within which to engage and examine the history of the conflict, which is important\n\nwhen each group in a conflict may have developed different versions of events. [20] In general, group dialogue is\n\n\npreferred to dialogue between individuals because it is less confrontational while also facilitating the sharing\n\nof diverse experiences. [21] Dialogue should promote a safe, respectful, and supportive environment at all times.\n\n\nFor this reason, dialogue within a community may be helpful before introducing dialogue between different\n\ngroups. Repeated dialogue over a period of time is likely to have greater results than a one-off event. [22] Every\n\n\neffort should be made to ensure equal representation of women and men in the dialogues.\n\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _In Northern Ireland, the Glencree Centre for Reconciliation developed the \u2018Let\u2019s Involve the Victims\u2019_\n_Experience\u2019 (LIVE) dialogue program to build relationships between victims and former combatants. The first_\n_group of workshops was between relatively homogenous groups and the organization, to build organizational_\n_trust. These were then followed by events with victims from other regions, and then by a third phase of_\n_several sessions between victims and former combatants. Based on the initial success of these workshops, the_\n_Centre has received additional funding for expanding programming for more groups._ _[23]_\n\n### INFORMATION SHARING\n\n\nThoughtful, consistent, balanced and accurate communications can help set expectations and build confidence\n\n\nduring the peacebuilding and reconciliation process. Peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts will be\n\nundermined if they are perceived as illegitimate and/or ineffective. [24] In addition, \u201c[misinformation], absence\n\nof information and changing facts are likely to be constant challenges.\u201d [25] It is important to communicate both\n\n\nwhat is realistically possible during the process, as well as to communicate successes and peace dividends to\n\n\nthe community. To maximize the effectiveness of media, various aspects should be considered, including the\n\n\nsources of news, preferred listening or viewing times, the variety of outlets available, available infrastructure,\n\nand the political, economic, and cultural context within which people engage with media. [26]\n\n\n20 David Bloomfield, Teresa Barnes, and Luc Huyse (ed.), _Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: A Handbook_, International\n[IDEA Handbook Series 2003 at 40, http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n[A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf. [hereinafter IDEA Report].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n21 IDEA Report, _supra_ note 16, at 95.\n22 For example, the LIVE Programme in the example began with \u201csingle-identity\u201d groups and then introduced groups to\neach other. LIVE met for ten three-day workshops over twelve months. _Id._ at 92.\n23 _Id._ at 90-95.\n24 Timothy Donais, \u201cEmpowerment or Imposition? Dilemmas of Local Ownership in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Processes,\u201d\nPeace & Change vol. 34, no. 1, January 2009, p. 20.\n25 \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation,\u201d _supra_ note 5, at 22.\n26 For example, access to radio or television may be limited in rural or low-income areas, and men and women may differ\nas to what types of programmes they are more likely to watch or listen to. Department for International Development,\n\u201cWorking with the Media in Conflicts and other Emergencies,\u201d August 2000, at 30-33,\n[http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf. [hereinafter DFID].](http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf)\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _Several organizations have fused media and reconciliation efforts. For example, Common Ground_\n_Productions has used a multi-media approach to reduce violence in different countries. In Liberia, Common_\n_Ground employs people from different groups to create entertainment programming and news broadcasts in_\n_Liberia, and has created a popular program starring multi-ethnic children in Macedonia._ _[27]_ _A local newspaper in_\n_the United States hired facilitators to lead an inter-group dialogue in response to race-related tensions in the_\n_city of Akron, Ohio. The dialogue process became a separate entity, involving members of over 150 community,_\n_religious, youth and business organizations in the \u201cComing Together\u201d project._ _[28]_\n\n### ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND LEGAL ASSISTANCE\n\n\nEnsuring justice for the harms stemming from a conflict can be accomplished through one of two approaches:\n\n\nrestorative justice and retributive justice. Restorative justice is more victim-oriented and focused on ways to\n\nrepair the harm done to victims. [29] Retributive justice is more perpetrator-oriented and concerned with\n\nprosecuting and punishing the individuals who committed the harm. [30] In addition, civil claims for loss or\n\n\ndestruction of property can be pursued. Ideally, access to justice should be facilitated through free or low-cost\n\n\nlegal assistance. Timely and efficient management of these claims can have the additional benefit of\n\n\ndemonstrating the competence and efficacy of the judiciary. Justice processes must also address women\u2019s\n\n\nexperiences in conflict, through provisions to address sexual and gender-based crimes, to counter impunity,\n\nand provide the foundations for equality. [31]\n\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _As part of comprehensive reforms following the Rose Revolution, the Republic of Georgia created a_\n_state-funded legal aid service. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) supported national efforts_\n_to expand the extent and quality of the service. The service provides legal consultations, gives advice, and helps_\n_with legal documents. It also liaises with lawyers in the private sector who may be willing to represent clients._\n_In addition to having several offices nationwide, the legal aid service also sends mobile units to more rural or_\n_impoverished regions. In the first five years of its operations, the legal aid service has achieved national_\n_coverage and facilitated education regarding legal rights and access to legal services._ _[32]_\n\n### REINTEGRATION\n\n\nIn addition to disarmament and demobilization, reintegration of former combatants is an important part of\n\n\npeacebuilding and reconciliation. Often, combatants may feel the need to justify their feelings and actions or\n\n\n27 _Id._ at 45-46.\n28 _Id_ . at 45.\n29 S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_ note 3, at 111.\n30 _Id._ at 97. S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik also note that retributive justice can be problematic if the actions of potential defendants\nwere technically legal at the time of their commission.\n31 The UN has also sought to improve women\u2019s access to justice and enhance national capacity in twenty-two countries\nthrough the building of institutions such as the Attorney-General\u2019s office, Family Protection Units at police stations and\nspecial courts to address specific sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) needs.\n32 UN Development Programme, \u201cLegal Aid Service in Georgia,\u201d [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n[en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html.](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nto otherwise legitimize their role in the conflict. [33] The lack of psychological rehabilitation, post-traumatic stress\n\n\ndisorder (PTSD) treatment and reintegration programs for ex-combatants is a key cause of increases in\n\n\ndomestic violence. Since former soldiers may suffer from stigmatization, as well as financial and emotional\n\n\ninsecurity, one of the primary ways to facilitate reintegration is through non-military employment for former\n\ncombatants. [34]\n\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _The three biggest components of the post-conflict transition in Colombia have been disarmament,_\n_demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) of former paramilitary members. After former paramilitary_\n_combatants hand in their weapons, they receive a monthly stipend for the next 18 to 24 months._ _[35]_ _In addition,_\n_Colombia established comprehensive support centres for former combatants, which provided trained support_\n_personnel, benefits, educational programs and resources, and employed demobilized staff members to establish_\n_credibility._ _[36]_ _Another component that is essential in ensuring the success of DDR is the gathering of accurate_\n_information. For example, as part of Colombia\u2019s DDR process, a computer program tracked personal and_\n_benefits information relating to registered former combatants._ _[37]_ _This information informed subsequent_\n_programming._ _[38]_ _Although Colombia\u2019s DDR program is neither perfect nor complete, over thirty thousand former_\n_paramilitary members have registered with the program and turned in their weapons._ _[39]_\n\n### REPARATIONS\n\n\nThe UN recognizes five main categories of reparations: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction,\n\nand guarantees of non-repetition. [40] The primary goal of reparations is to restore victims to the way they were\n\nbefore the conflict started or before they suffered the harm. [41] In particular, housing, land, and property rights\n\n\nare often one of civilians\u2019 main concerns during and after a conflict, and these concerns need to be addressed\n\n\nby the appropriate parties. Reparations can be either material, such as financial compensation, or symbolic,\n\nsuch as official apologies. [42] Although reparations may include compensation, compensation alone is unlikely\n\n\n33 Beatrice Pouligny, Simon Chesterman and Albrecht Schnabel (ed.), _After mass crime: Rebuilding states and communities_,\nUnited Nations University Press 2007, 149-159, [https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/](https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf)\n[pdf9789280811384.pdf.](https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf)\n34 Pouligny et. al. at 150.\n35 _Id._\n36 Jonathan Morgenstein, \u201cConsolidating Disarmament: Lessons from Colombia\u2019s Reintegration Program for Demobilized\nParamilitaries,\u201d USIP Special Report 217, November 2008, [http://www.usip.org/sites/default/](http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr217.pdf)\n[files/sr217.pdf.](http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr217.pdf)\n37 _Id_ .\n38 _Id_ .\n39 United States Institute of Peace, \u201cParamilitary Reintegration Assessment in Colombia,\u201d Sept. 15, 2006,\n[http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia.](http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia)\n40 Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, _Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations_\n_Programmes_, 2008, at 7-8. [http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf. [hereinafter](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf)\nOHCHR]\n41 See, e.g., S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_ note 3, at 10.\n42 Other examples of material reparations include the provision of services, or other material mechanisms. Other symbolic\nreparations include the creation of national holidays or days of mourning, and dedicating or re-dedicating public spaces to\nvictims. OHCHR, _supra_ note 40, at 22.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nto contribute to reconciliation. [43] Thus, reparations should be accompanied by access to justice, truth telling\n\n\nmechanisms, or other forms of reconciliation and assistance for victims. In order to reach as many people as\n\n\npossible, reparations programs should be open for a long period of time, advertised nationwide, and made\n\navailable to people in remote areas and those with specific needs. [44] Reparations programs have excluded\n\n\nviolations that \u201cdisproportionately affected women and marginalized groups,\u201d such as conflict-related sexual\n\nviolence. [45] While reparations programs should be designed to alleviate the harms suffered by victims, it should\n\nalso be recognized that nothing will be able to fully restore a victim to how they were before the conflict. [46]\n\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _Some countries have created trusts or claims funds to distribute reparations to victims. Examples_\n_include the Reparations Commission for the relatives of an armed rebel movement who disappeared under_\n_military rule in Brazil; a National Damage Claims Settlement Office for owners of unlawfully seized property in_\n_Hungary; legislation to compensate victims of human rights violations and disappearances in Argentina; and_\n_the National Corporation for Reparation and Rehabilitation to implement the recommendations of the national_\n_truth commission in Chile._ _[47]_ _In some cases, international commissions have been formed to address claims_\n_arising from international conflict, such as the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission and the Iran-U.S. Claims_\n_Tribunal._\n\n### TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSIONS\n\n\nTruth and reconciliation commissions are usually temporary, independent bodies that investigate patterns of\n\nabuses and wrongs over a specified period of time. [48] Unlike courts, these commissions generally cannot\n\n\nsummon or sanction individuals, or enforce their recommendations. Accordingly, commissions may provide\n\n\nthe flexibility and responsiveness needed for the sensitive inquiries following a conflict, and they can provide\n\n\na public platform for truth-telling and promote recommendations based on their understanding of patterns of\n\nabuses in the conflict. [49] Commissions can also have the ability to \u201cname names\u201d of perpetrators in their report,\n\n\nwith \u201cthe best practice [being] to allow commissions to name names but ultimately to leave it at their discretion\n\nwhether or not to do so.\u201d [50]\n\n\n43 S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_ note 3, at 10. For example, reparations might include provision of a stable income or health\ncare to address the physical or psychological harms suffered. [43] For refugees, reparations may include repatriation or\ncompensation/restoration of property. [43]\n44 S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_ note 3, at 10.\n45 OHCHR, _supra_ note 40, at 21.\n46 _Id._ at 10.\n47 IDEA Report, _supra_ note 16, at 155.\n48 Truth commissions tend to be temporary, independent, backward-looking rather than forward-looking, investigative of\nincidents over a period of time rather than a specific incident, and focused on humanitarian concerns. In creating a\ncommission, the goals, time period, motivation, location, procedure, and authority should be given careful consideration.\nIDEA Report at 123-136. _See also_ International Center for Transitional Justice, \u201cChallenging the Conventional: Can Truth\nCommissions Strengthen Peace Processes? Conclusions,\u201d [https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n[commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01.](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n49 IDEA Report at 123-125.\n50 _Id._ at 135-36.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n_**EXAMPLE:**_ _The hallmark of these commissions, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (SATRC),_\n_was made up of 17 commissioners, selected after a highly inclusive selection process,_ _[ 51]_ _and was given a wide_\n_set of powers._ _[52]_ _The SATRC held public hearings and heard testimony from 23,000 victims and witnesses._ _[53]_ _The_\n_report and recommendations of the commission were endorsed by the South African government, which also_\n_issued an official apology to victims. Many reparations were distributed and prosecutions initiated\u2014supervised_\n_by a governmental monitoring body\u2014although implementation was ultimately neither perfect nor fully_\n_consistent with the commission\u2019s recommendations._ _[54]_\n\n\nOther forms of reconciliation, which have focused on the use of formal legal processes, include constitutional\n\nreform, criminal prosecutions, and international and ad hoc tribunals. [55] Civil sanctions such as fines, prohibition\n\n\nfrom political office, and early retirement are also examples of non-criminal measures that have been levied\n\nagainst perpetrators. [56]\n\n\n51 _Id._ at 129-30.\n52 These included \u201cthe power to grant individualized amnesty, search premises and seize evidence, subpoena witnesses\nand run a sophisticated witness protection programme.\u201d _Id._ at 140.\n53 _Id._ at 140.\n[54 USIP, \u201cTruth Commission: South Africa,\u201d 1 December 1995, http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-](http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa)\n[south-africa.](http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa)\n55 For a discussion of the benefits and challenges of these types of mechanisms, see generally S\u00e1nchez and Rognvik, _supra_\nnote 3; Brandt et. al., _supra_ note 12; IDEA Report, _supra_ note 16.\n56 IDEA Report, _supra_ note 16, at 102.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## HOW CAN PEACEBUILDING AND RECONCILIATION SUPPORT PROTECTION AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS IN UKRAINE?\n\nSince 2014, over 3.5 million people have been affected by the conflict in Ukraine. [57] The government estimates\n\n\nthat more than 1.7 million people have been internally displaced, with 63% of the displaced population being\n\nwomen and children. [58] Approximately 0.8 million people live along the contact line, which separates the\n\n\ngovernment controlled and non-government controlled areas (NGCA), where security is fragile and access to\n\ngovernment services minimal. [59] The consequences of the ongoing conflict, and in particular widespread\n\n\ninternal displacement, have placed strains on the Ukrainian government and on host communities. IDPs\n\n\nexperience problems finding housing, as property owners are often reluctant to rent to IDPs, or will only rent\n\nto IDPs under unofficial leases or with exploitative conditions. [60] Tensions have developed between IDPs and\n\n\nsome host communities, particularly where resources are scarce and there is competition or perceived\n\n\ncompetition for places in schools, access to government services, accommodation, and employment. The\n\n\nburden on displaced and conflict-affected women, who often shoulder the responsibility of caring for children,\n\n\nthe elderly, and the disabled, has been compounded by the lack of available social services. Women are often\n\n\nresponsible for ensuring their families\u2019 social and economic well-being\u2014including managing domestic needs,\n\n\nsecuring school places for children and providing financially for their families\u2014and meeting these\n\n\nresponsibilities in conflict-affected communities and in situations of displacement is particularly onerous.\n\n\nTwo years of conflict have significantly affected the enjoyment of social and economic rights of Ukrainian\n\n\ncitizens, living in the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine, who cannot access their bank accounts,\n\n\nsocial entitlements, or registration documents unless they are registered as IDPs in the government controlled\n\nareas. [61] In addition, the restrictions on freedom of movement between the government controlled and non\n\ngovernment controlled areas, and the ongoing ban on all commercial cargo across the \u2018contact line\u2019 contributes\n\n\nto the alienation of people living in the non-government controlled area.\n\n\nCases of involuntary return to the NGCA have been documented, as some IDPs are not able to meet their basic\n\n\nneeds in the government controlled areas, and this number is increasing given the suspension of social benefits\n\n\n57 2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview, November 2015, [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf at 6.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[58 2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview, November 2015, http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf at 6;](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\nhttp://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/351907.html.\n59 2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview, November 2015, [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf at 7.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n60 Norwegian Refugee Council, HLP Rights of Displaced and Conflict-Affected Communities, [http://www](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf, January 2016 at 6.](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n61 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, HRMMU, \u201cReport on the human rights situation in\n[Ukraine 16 February to 15 May 2016,\u201d http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf)\n[Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf at 34.](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf)\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview", - "confidence": 0.9277951717376709, - "start": 459, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8025434017181396, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8609426617622375, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9512983560562134, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nand pensions to many IDPs in the first part of 2016. There have also been reports about tension between\n\n\nreturning IDPs and the non-displaced population due to their different experiences during the conflict, as well\n\nas of human rights violations on both sides of the conflict. [62]\n\n\nPeacebuilding and reconciliation are interconnected with these protection concerns and can advance durable\n\n\nsolutions in Ukraine. Durable solutions are needed to allow conflict-affected people to rebuild their lives and\n\n\ntheir communities. Peacebuilding contributes to repatriation efforts by creating a more stable environment to\n\n\nwhich internally displaced persons (IDPs) can return, or within which IDPs can integrate. Improving\n\n\ninfrastructure and access to services means that IDPs will not have to relocate to search for access to shelter\n\n\nand basic needs. Promotion of peaceful conflict resolution mechanisms, provision of basic services, and\n\n\ndevelopment of equal employment opportunities are all peacebuilding activities that can begin even as the\n\nconflict continues. [63]\n\n\nReconciliation supports humanitarian initiatives such as psychosocial healing and trust building. Trust is an\n\n\nessential component for peaceful dispute resolution and community relationships, while increased capacity\n\n\nenables efforts to document and address the needs of conflict-affected populations. Increasing opportunities\n\n\nfor dialogue promotes healing within a community, with related improved psychosocial effects, as well as\n\n\nmaking integration and relocation into host communities more sustainable. Working groups and dialogue\n\nbetween stakeholders have been proven helpful in other settings. [64] Similar reconciliation activities, such as\n\n\ncommunity dialogues, can support the process of integrating IDPs into host communities, reducing the\n\n\npossibility of secondary displacement. This dialogue can also ease tensions between IDPs and host\n\n\ncommunities. Reconciliation efforts are also essential in repatriation efforts, especially when displacement has\n\ndisproportionately impacted marginalized groups. [65]\n\n\nActivities such as legal assistance, promotion of access to justice, and reparations also promote healing,\n\n\nreconciliation, and social cohesion by addressing the harms suffered because of the conflict.\n\n\n62 _Id._\n63 \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation,\u201d _supra_ note 5, at 6.\n64 \u201cUN Peacebuilding: an Orientation,\u201d _supra_ note 5, at 18.\n65 _Id._ at 18.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## EXISTING EFFORTS\n\nBelow are some examples of existing peacebuilding and reconciliation activities in Ukraine:\n\n\n**Ukrainian Government:** The Office of the Vice Prime Minister and other federal agencies have begun\n\ncoordinating to improve local governance alongside peacebuilding and recovery initiatives. [66] Both the national\n\n\nand subnational governments should work with local authorities, civil society and private sector organizations,\n\nyouth, women, and marginalized groups. [67] In April 2016, a new ministry was created that will oversee conflict\n\naffected and displaced communities \u2013 the Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and Internally Displaced\n\n\nPersons. One of its core mandates is the promotion of peacebuilding, reconstruction, and development of the\n\n\nDonetsk and Luhansk regions. In June 2016, the Ukrainian Parliament passed a series of reforms of the judicial\n\n\nsystem aimed at improving appointments and assessments of judges as well as the structure of the courts\n\nsystem. [68] The government has also supported the expansion of legal aid centres to provide free legal assistance\n\n\n66 European Union, United Nations, and World Bank Group, \u201cUkraine Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment: Analysis of\nCrisis Impacts and Needs in Eastern Ukraine,\u201d vol. 1, March 2015, 45,\n[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf. [hereinafter RPA].](http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf)\n67 _Id_ . at 45.\n[68 Government of Ukraine, 2 June 2016, http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html.](http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html)\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\nthroughout Ukraine. [69] Additionally, the government has recognized the need to include women in\n\n\npeacebuilding efforts, aiming to have a certain percentage of women participating in peacekeeping operations,\n\nnegotiations, administrative bodies, and the security sector. [70]\n\n\n**Wider Humanitarian Community:** Many civil society and international organizations are already implementing\n\n\npeacebuilding and reconciliation activities in Ukraine. These activities include initiatives to build dialogue,\n\n\npromote good governance and empower conflict-affected communities. For example, a Dialogue Support\n\n\nprogram covering conflict-sensitivity and cooperation, as well as dialogues between Ukrainian and Russian\n\nwomen peace activists have been implemented. [71] There is also an ongoing support for decentralization and\n\nstrengthening local governance [72] A comprehensive support programme to the government for\n\n\nimplementation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda includes integration of gender-sensitivity and\n\nresponsiveness to security reform, defense reform, and mediation. [73] An economic and social recovery project\n\nto increase employment and rebuild infrastructure in the Donbas region is also underway. [74]\n\n\nOrganizations are providing support for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, conducting trainings on\n\n\ntrauma and post-trauma disorders, and undertaking other assistance programs for IDPs, former combatants,\n\nand conflicted-affected communities. [75] Several Quick Impact Projects (QIPs), aimed at strengthening peaceful\n\nrelationships between IDPs and host communities, have been completed. [76]\n\n\nDespite the limited space for humanitarian activities in the NGCA, a number of organizations continue to\n\n\nprovide support to displaced persons, returnees and affected populations through the establishment of\n\n\n69 Coordination Centre for Legal Aid Provision, \u201cOver 400 legal aid bureaus will be created in Ukraine,\u201d\n[http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine) _See also_ \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\n\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 No. 2748/5, 25 Dec 2015, [http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016](http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016_LegalAidUkraine.pdf)\n[_LegalAidUkraine.pdf.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016_LegalAidUkraine.pdf)\n70 Ukraine National Action Plan, [http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf.](http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf)\n71 _See, e.g.,_ MediatEUr and UNDP, \u201cFifth Report of the Dialogue Support Platform in Ukraine,\u201d May 2016,\n[http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\n[pdf?1465486265; UN Women, \u201cIn Brief: Putting Women at the Forefront of Peace and Humanitarian Action in Europe](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\nand Central Asia,\u201d, [http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415. [Hereinafter UNW In Brief].](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n72 _See, e.g.,_ [Council of Europe, \u201cProgramme \u2018Decentralisation and Territorial Consolidation in Ukraine,\u201d http://www.slg-](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n[coe.org.ua/?lang=en.](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n73 _See, e.g.,_ [UN Women, \u201cUkraine,\u201d http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine.](http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine)\n74 _See, e.g.,_ UN Development Programme, \u201cEconomic and Social Recovery of the Donbas Region,\u201d\n[http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_R](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n[ecovery_of_Donbas_Region.html](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n75 _See, e.g.,_ CrimeaSOS, \u201cA multi-functional hub for IDPs to be launched in Kyiv,\u201d 11 August 2015,\n[http://krymsos.com/en/settlers/news/khab-dlya-pereselentsev/;](http://krymsos.com/en/settlers/news/khab-dlya-pereselentsev/) _IOM\u2019s Assistance to Conflict-Affected People in Ukraine_\n[Bimonthly Report, April-May 2016, http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report](http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report_april-may_2016_1.pdf)\n[_april-may_2016_1.pdf; Wounded Warrior Ukraine, http://woundedwarriorukraine.org/](http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report_april-may_2016_1.pdf)\n[76 UNHCR, Eastern Ukraine Quick Impact Projects (QIPS) 2015, http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/317](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/317/04202016_QIP%20Factsheet.pdf)\n[/04202016_QIP%20Factsheet.pdf](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/317/04202016_QIP%20Factsheet.pdf)\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\ncommunity centres and livelihoods programs. Monitoring, reporting and advocacy on the human rights\n\nsituation in Ukraine, with a focus on the east and Crimea, supports long-term reconciliation processes. [77]\n\n\nSeveral civil society institutions have also conducted surveys regarding national dialogue and attitudes in\n\n\nUkraine. They have published recommendations for state policy, including building consensus on future\n\n\ndevelopment, drafting state policy on national unity, prioritizing decentralization alongside reintegration of\n\n\nCrimea and Non-Government Controlled Areas of Donetsk and Luhansk, building stronger relationships\n\nbetween government and civil society, and promoting inclusive dialogue. [78]\n\n\nForeign governments, UN agencies, and private donors have all made tremendous efforts to contribute to\n\n\nUkraine\u2019s recovery. Millions of dollars in bilateral and multilateral assistance have already been pledged or\n\n\ndonated to peacebuilding and other development programs in Ukraine. The promotion of recovery and social\n\n\ncohesion is one of three primary strategic objectives in the 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan for Ukraine.\n\n\nHowever, while ongoing projects seek to address the protection needs of displaced and conflict-affected\n\n\ncommunities, additional efforts are required for peacebuilding and reconciliation to be sustainable.\n\n## CONCLUSION\n\n\nAlthough the conflict in Ukraine is ongoing, there are nonetheless opportunities to begin Ukraine\u2019s\n\n\npeacebuilding and reconciliation process. Peacebuilding and reconciliation measures in Ukraine will require\n\n\ncareful consideration of the underlying causes of the conflict. After appropriate and inclusive consultations,\n\n\nwhich identify local needs and sources of conflict, a national strategy can be carefully crafted to respond to\n\n\nthese needs. The priorities and sequencing of this process must also be determined by national actors.\n\n\nSimultaneously, humanitarian agencies in Ukraine should begin considering ways to promote peacebuilding\n\n\nand reconciliation in their work. Although some mechanisms, are likely premature, peacebuilding and\n\n\nreconciliation efforts should nonetheless still be pursued. A joint report (Recovery and Peacebuilding\n\n\nAssessment, or RPA) by the European Union, United Nations, and World Bank\u2014authored at the request of the\n\n\nUkrainian government\u2014is an important first step towards identifying immediate needs. That report, which\n\n\nfocused on the need for durable solutions, emphasized assistance to infrastructure and services, economic\n\nlivelihoods, and reconciliation and peacebuilding. [79]\n\n\n77 _See, e.g.,_ [UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission, \u201cNews,\u201d http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870.](http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870)\n78 _See, e.g.,_ International Centre for Policy Studies, \u201cNational dialogue in Ukraine: what are the chances of success?\u201d 13\n[July 2015, http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/)\n[success/; UNHCR and Kiev International Institute of Sociology,](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/) _Ukrainians\u2019 Attitudes Towards Internally Displaced Persons_\n_from Donbas and Crimea_, April 2016, http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/\n[article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf; OSCE, \u201cLeader of OSCE National Dialogue Project Ukraine presents](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf)\n[recommendations to Permanent Council,\u201d 30 April 2014, http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166.](http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166)\n79 RPA, _supra_ note 65, at 4-5, 11.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## RECOMMENDATIONS\n\nOf the primary peacebuilding and reconciliation mechanisms discussed in this guidance note, the following are\npossible within an ongoing conflict situation and could begin being implemented in Ukraine:\n\n\n\n**Strengthen**\n**Administrative**\n**Capacity and Ensure**\n**Equal Access to**\n**Government Services**\n\n\n**Begin Dialogue at**\n**National and**\n**Subnational Level and**\n**Consultations with**\n**Communities**\n\n\n**Improve**\n**Communication,**\n**Sharing of**\n**Information, and**\n**Accountability**\n\n\n**Advocate for**\n**Psychosocial Support**\n\n\n**Advocate for an**\n**Inclusive Approach**\n\n\n**Monitor and Record**\n**Human Rights**\n**Violations**\n\n\n**Ensure Equal Access to**\n**and Enforcement of**\n**Property Rights**\n\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f959971b-b548-3aa7-8201-5b1a22880373/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_863/raw/doc_863_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_863/raw/doc_863_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b32d436143eaa7e411ad1336389c4f9170c7dc2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_863/raw/doc_863_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## \u0417\u041c\u0406\u0421\u0422\n\n\u0412\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f ........................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n\u0429\u041e \u0422\u0410\u041a\u0415 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f? ................................................................................... 3\n\n\n\u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041b\u0418\u0412\u0406 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f? ....................................................................... 4\n\n\n\u0423 \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u042f\u0413\u0410\u0404 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0406\u042f \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f? .................. 4\n\n\n\u0420\u041e\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u041e\u041a \u0406 \u0417\u041c\u0406\u0426\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0406\u0410\u041b\u0423 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....................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n\u0412\u0406\u0414\u0428\u041a\u041e\u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f ................................................................................................................................ 8\n\n\n\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0406\u0421\u0406\u0407 \u0417 \u0412\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0414\u0418 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f ..................................................................... 9\n\n\n\u042f\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0423\u0422\u042c \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422 \u0406 \u0422\u0420\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0406 \u0420\u0406\u0428\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412\n\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406? .................................................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n\u0417\u0410\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0417 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406 ........................................................... 13\n\n\n\u0412\u0418\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041e\u041a ................................................................................................................................................ 15\n\n\n\u0420\u0415\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0407 ........................................................................................................................................ 15\n\n\nC\u041f\u0418\u0421\u041e\u041a \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0418\u041b\u0410\u041d\u042c ................................................................................................................................ 17\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## \u0412\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f\n\n\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0454 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434'\u0454\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0442\u0430\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0426\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0443\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430\n\n\n\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.\n\n## \u0429\u041e \u0422\u0410\u041a\u0415 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f?\n\n\n**\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443** \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443.\n\n\n\u0423 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 2007 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443: \"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e\n\n\n\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443.\" [1] \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\n\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443, \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d. [2]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f** \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443/\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0456\u0436\n\n\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. [3] \u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0456\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 - \u0446\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. [4] \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f, \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f,\n\n\n\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0457\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041b\u0418\u0412\u0406 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f?\n\n\u0406 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \"\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\", \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0454 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438,\n\n\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443. [5]\n\n\n\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443. [6] \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. 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[8] \u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u0445\u0442\u043e (\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n## \u0423 \u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u042f\u0413\u0410\u0404 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u0406\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0406\u042f \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f?\n\n\n\u0417\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043e\u044e \u041e\u041e\u041d, 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\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n\u0423 2000 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u044e \u2116 1325 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443, 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[17] \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0433\u043d\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e\n\n\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439. _**:**_\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043e\u0457\n\n\n\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457,\n\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\n\n\n\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\n\n\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437\n\n\u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. [ 18]\n\n\n_**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:**_ _\u0412 2010 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430_\n_\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044f\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043a,_\n_\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, 700 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0432_\n_\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0431 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435_\n_\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e_\n_\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0456\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442._ [ 19]\n\n### \u0414\u0406\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0413\n\n\n\u0414\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e\n\n\u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439. [20] \u0423 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0430\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0454 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c. [21] \u0414\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0448\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d. \u0417 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e,\n\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. [22] \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443.\n\n\n_**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:**_ _\u0423 \u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0406\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0413\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \"\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435_\n_\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445\" (LIVE - Let\u2019s Involve the Victims\u2019 Experience) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0456\u0436_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u0439\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e_\n_\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432. \u0410 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0436_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u0439\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0445\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440_\n_\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456_\n_\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f._ _[23]_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0411\u041c\u0406\u041d \u0406\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0404\u042e\n\n\u041e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456, \u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\n\n\n\u0432\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u042f\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456, \"\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f\"\n\n\n\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0456/\u0430\u0431\u043e\n\n\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456. [24] \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \"\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438\". [25] \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456\n\n\n\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0445\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457\n\n\n\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0417\u041c\u0406, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0457\u0442\u0442\u044f\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442,\n\n\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0456\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0456 \u0417\u041c\u0406. [26]\n\n\n_**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:**_ _\u041a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0456 \u0417\u041c\u0406 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \"Common_\n_Ground Productions\" (\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d\u0441), \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c_\n_\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0423 \u041b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f_\n_\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0437\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d \u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e_\n_\u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443, \u0432 \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443_\n_\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0457._ _[27]_ _\u041c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f_\n_\u043c\u0456\u0436\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044f \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0410\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0439\u043e. \u0414\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e_\n_\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0432 \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 150 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0456 \"Coming Together\" (\u0417\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0439\u043c\u043e\u0441\u044f)._ _[28]_\n\n### \u0414\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f \u0414\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e\u0421\u0423\u0414\u0414\u042f \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0413\u0410\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438: \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0435 \u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438,\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c. [29] \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0443\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431. [30] \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434'\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0457 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c,\n\n\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0406 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0456, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0491\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0456, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0431\u0438 \u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\n\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. _[ 31]_\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n_**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:**_ _\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0422\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443_\n_\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438, 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\u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0437_\n_\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438_ _\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438_ _\u0431\u0456\u0439\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438._ _[37]_ _\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430_ _\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f_ _\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430_ _\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u043a_ _\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e._ _[38]_ _\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u043d\u0456_\n_\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u044e, \u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c_\n_\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u044e._ _[39]_\n\n### \u0412\u0406\u0414\u0428\u041a\u041e\u0414\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f\n\n\n\u041e\u041e\u041d \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u043f'\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e,\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. [40] \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0457\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443. [41] \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044f\u043a \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044f\u043a,\n\n\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. [42] \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e. [43] \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\n\n\n\u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\n\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445. [44] \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0456\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \"\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0456\n\n\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438\". [45] \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0457 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0456\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. [46]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:** _\u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0433 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e_\n_\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f 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\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457_\n_\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438 \u0443 \u0427\u0438\u043b\u0456._ _[47]_ _\u0423 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0433, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438 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[48] \u041d\u0430\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431,\n\n\n\u044f\u043a \u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043d\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f,\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438 \u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0446\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. [49] \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \"\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\" \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\n\n\n\"\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0454 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\n\n\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0438\". [50]\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414:** _\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439 (\u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438_\n_\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f - \u041f\u0410\u041a\u041f\u041f) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443_\n_\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443_ _[51]_ _\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c._ _[52]_ _\u041f\u0410\u041a\u041f\u041f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430_\n_\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 23 000 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432._ _[53]_ _\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c_\n_\u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0411\u0443\u043b\u043e_\n_\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (\u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c_\n_\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0443), \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0456 \u043d\u0435_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0457\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430._ _[.54 ]_\n\n\n\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438. [55] \u0426\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457,\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0448\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0454\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432. [56]\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## \u042f\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0423\u0422\u042c \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422 \u0406 \u0422\u0420\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0406 \u0420\u0406\u0428\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406?\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437 2014 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0432\n\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. [57] \u0417\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443, \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043d\u0456\u0436 1,7 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438,\n\n63 % \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438. [58] \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 0,8 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0430\n\n\n\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0454 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e\n\n\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c. [59] \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0433\u043d\u044e, \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 2015\n\n\n\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0456, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430,\n\n\n\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u0435\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 (\u0412\u041f\u041e) \u0437\u0456\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0445\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443\n\n\n\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0457\u043c\n\n\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445. [60] \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0443\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n\n\u0422\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0440, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0456\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e. \u0416\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0454 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u0438\u043c.\n\n\n\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\n\n\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 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[ 65]\n\n\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443\n\n\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443,\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## \u0417\u0410\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0417 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406\n\n\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\n\n\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456:\n\n\n**\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434:** \u041e\u0444\u0456\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u0446\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c'\u0454\u0440-\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\n\n\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. [66] \u0406\n\n\n\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438,\n\n\n\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0434\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438. [67] \u0423 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 2016 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0454 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\n\n\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0423 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0456 2016 \u0440., \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438. [68] \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\n\n\n\u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0439\n\n\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. [69] \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443,\n\n\n\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445,\n\n\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438. [70]\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n**\u0421\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439:** \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. \u0426\u044f\n\n\n\u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0456\n\n\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443\n\n\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432\n\n\u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440. 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[72] \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\n\n\n\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u201c\u0416\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u201d \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\n\n\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c, \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e [73] . \u0423 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0443. [74]\n\n\n\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0437\n\n\n\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0431\u0456\u0439\u0446\u044f\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\n\n\n\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, 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[ 79]\n\n## \u0420\u0415\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0407\n\n\n\u0417 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f'\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443,\n\n\n\u0442\u043e\u0436 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456:\n\n\n\n**\u0417\u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n**\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0442\u0430**\n**\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e**\n**\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433**\n\n\n**\u0420\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430**\n**\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430**\n**\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0430**\n**\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438**\n**\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437**\n**\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438**\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443,**\n**\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e**\n**\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c**\n\n\n**\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n**\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457**\n**\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438**\n\n\n**\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e**\n**\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443**\n\n\n**\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0442\u0430**\n**\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432**\n**\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438**\n\n\n**\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432**\n**\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445**\n**\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n\n\n### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n## C\u041f\u0418\u0421\u041e\u041a \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0418\u041b\u0410\u041d\u042c\n\n1 \u0414\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, _\"\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f_\n_\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443:_ _\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438_ _\u0442\u0430_ _\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456_ _\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0438\"_, 2008 \u0440., \u0441. 18,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.](http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf)\n\n\n[2 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \"\u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0456\u0441\" (Interpeace) \"\u041d\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443 6\", http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/)\n\n\n3 \u0415\u043d\u0440\u0456\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 (Enrique S\u00e1nchez) \u0456 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a (Sylvia Rognvik), \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0457\n\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438: \"\u0421\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\" (Building Just Societies:\nReconciliation in Transitional Settings), 1, \u043c. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0440\u0430, \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0430, 5-6 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2012 \u0440.,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf.](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf)\n[\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u044f\u043a \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a].\n\n\n4 _\u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434_, _\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 6.\n\n\n5 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\" (UN\nPeacebuilding: an Orientation), \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c 2010 \u0440., \u0441. 16,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d:](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf)\n\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\"]. \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d (Sarah Laughton) \u0456 \u041d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 (Nicholas Crawford) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\n\u044f\u043a \"\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456: \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445. \u0406 \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 - \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0433\u043d\u044e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u044e,\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0443\n\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f? \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0456, \u0442\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456; \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c\n\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443\".\n\n\n6 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 12.\n\n\n7 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 13.\n\n\n8 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0456\u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432,\n\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0413\u0421 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 14 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2010 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.\n\n\n\u0427\u041e\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041b\u0418\u0412\u0406 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f?\n\n\n9\"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\", _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 16.\n\n\n10 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 9.\n\n\n11 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122 (2013) \u0456\n2242 (2015).\n\n\n12 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432,\n\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0413\u0421 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 14 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2010 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.\n\n\n13 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u2116 1325 \"\u0416\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438. \u041c\u0438\u0440. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\" \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\n\u0434\u043e 2020 \u0440., \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2116 113-\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u0434 24 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 2016 \u0440.\n\n\n14 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. \u0426\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436\n\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0430\u0431\u043e\n\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438. \"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\", \u0441. 6, 12, 16.\n\n\n15 \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\n\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. _\u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434_, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \"\u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0456\u0441\" \"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\" (Local ownership),\n[http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/)\n\n\n16 \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0454 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0447, \"[\u0434]\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438,\n\u0456\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438\". \u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445. _\u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434_, \u041c\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0442 (Michele Brandt), \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b (Jill Cottrell),\n\u042f\u0448 \u0413\u0445\u0430\u0456 (Yash Ghai) \u0442\u0430 \u0415\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043d (Anthony Regan), _\"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457: \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443\"_ (Constitution-making and Reform: Options for the Process), \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \"\u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0456\u0441\", 2011 \u0440., \u0441. v,\n[http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf.](http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf)\n\n\n17 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0456 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443 \"\u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438\" (Ukraine Recovery and\nPeacebuilding Assessment: Analysis of Crisis Impacts and Needs in Eastern Ukraine), \u0442. 2, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c 2015 \u0440., \u0441. 105,\n[http://www.un.org.ua/images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf. (\"...\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c](http://www.un.org.ua/images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf)\n\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.\n\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0456 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\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0454\n\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0446\u0456 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e\".)\n\n\n18 \u0423 2010 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f. \u0417\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044e\u043a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\n\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456. \u0426\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0454 700 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a,\n\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u043d\u0456\n\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0434\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\n\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443. _\u0414\u0438\u0432._ \"\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443: \u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0437\n\u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438\" (The Pitfalls of Peacebuilding: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan, Prospects for\nUkraine), \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \"\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\" (Open Society Foundations), \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\n\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0456\u044f, 14 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 2014 \u0440., \u0441. 3, [https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-](https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine)\n[lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine.](https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine)\n\n\n19 \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0411\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0434 (David Bloomfield), \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0437 (Teresa Barnes) \u0456 \u041b\u044e\u043a \u0425\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0435 (Luc Huyse) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.), _\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f_\n_\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443: \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\"_ (Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: A Handbook), \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432\n\u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, 2003 \u0440., \u0441. 40,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n[PDF.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0406\u041f\u0414\u0412].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n\n\n20 \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0411\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0434 (David Bloomfield), \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0437 (Teresa Barnes) \u0456 \u041b\u044e\u043a \u0425\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0435 (Luc Huyse) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.), _\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f_\n_\u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443: \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\"_ (Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: A Handbook), \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432\n\u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, 2003 \u0440., \u0441. 40,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n[PDF.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0406\u041f\u0414\u0412].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n\n\n21 \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0406\u041f\u0414\u0412, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 16, \u0441. 95.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n22 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 LIVE, \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \"single-identity\" \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f (\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e), \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u044e. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 LIVE \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432\n\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 92.\n\n\n23 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 90-95.\n\n\n24 \u0422\u0456\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0456\u0441 (Timothy Donais) \"\u0423\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f? \u0414\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\n\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443\" (Empowerment or Imposition? Dilemmas of\nLocal Ownership in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Processes), Peace & Change (\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438), \u0442. 34, \u2116 1, \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2009 \u0440.,\n\u0441. 20.\n\n\n25 \"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\", _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 22.\n\n\n26 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0443 \u0441\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445\n\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0430 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u044e\n\u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \"\u0420\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457\n\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\" (Working with the Media in Conflicts and other\nEmergencies), \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c 2000 \u0440., \u0441. 30-33, [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf.](http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf)\n\n[\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u041c\u041c\u0420].\n\n\n27 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45-46.\n\n\n28 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45.\n\n\n29 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 111.\n\n\n30 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 97. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c,\n\u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0454 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443.\n\n\n31 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d \"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0457\", [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n[en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html.](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n\n\n32 \u0411\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0441 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0456\u043d'\u0457 (Beatrice Pouligny), \u0421\u0430\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d (Simon Chesterman) \u0456 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442 \u0428\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c (Albrecht\nSchnabel) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.) _\"\u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443: \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\" (After mass crime: Rebuilding states and_\n_communities)_, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439, 2007 \u0440., \u0441. 149-159,\n[https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf.](https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf)\n\n\n33 \u0411\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0441 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0456\u043d'\u0457 (Beatrice Pouligny), \u0421\u0430\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d (Simon Chesterman) \u0456 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442 \u0428\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c (Albrecht\nSchnabel) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.) _\"\u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443: \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\" (After mass crime: Rebuilding states and_\n_communities)_, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439, 2007 \u0440., \u0441. 149-159,\n[https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf.](https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf)\n\n\n34 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0456\u043d'\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d., \u0441. 150 (\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\n\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a \u043c\u0456\u0433 \u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443\".)\n\n\n35 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435._\n\n\n36 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d (Jonathan Morgenstein) \"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0456\u0457 \" (Consolidating Disarmament: Lessons from Colombia\u2019s\nReintegration Program for Demobilized Paramilitaries), \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410 217, \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\n[2008 \u0440.,http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr217.pdf.](http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr217.pdf)\n\n\n37 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_ .\n\n\n38 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_ .\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n39 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0421\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \"\u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0456\u0457\"\n(Paramilitary Reintegration Assessment in Colombia), 15 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2006 \u0440.,\n[http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia.](http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia)\n\n\n40 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 _\"\u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c\"_, (Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes), 2008\n[\u0440., \u0441. 7-8, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u041b]](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf)\n\n\n41 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n42 \u0406\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0438.\n\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445. \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u041b, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443_ \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 39,\n\u0441. 22.\n\n\n43 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044c.\n\n43 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e/ \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. [43]\n\n\n44 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n45 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u041b, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443_ \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 36, \u0441 21.\n\n\n46 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n47 \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 16,\n\u0441. 155.\n\n\n48 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0454 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0456\u0436\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\n\u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0441. 123-136. _\u0414\u0438\u0432. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436_ \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \"\u041a\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456: \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443? \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438\" (Challenging the Conventional: Can Truth Commissions\nStrengthen Peace Processes? Conclusions), [https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n[peace/conclusions.html#01.](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n\n\n49 \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0441. 123-125.\n\n\n50 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 135-36.\n\n\n51 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 129-30.\n\n\n52 \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \"\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0456\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0456\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432\". _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 140.\n\n\n53 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 140.\n\n\n54 \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438: \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\" (Truth Commission: South Africa), 1\n[\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f 1995 \u0440., http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa.](http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa)\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n55 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0433 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0456\n\u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0456\u043a, _\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 3; \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d., _\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 12; \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, _\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 16.\n\n\n56 \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 16,\n\u0441. 102.\n\n\n\u042f\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0416\u0423\u0422\u042c \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0406 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0406\u0414\u0422\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0425\u0418\u0421\u0422 \u0406 \u0422\u0420\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0406 \u0420\u0406\u0428\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412\n\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406?\n\n\n[57 \u041e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0443 2016 \u0433., \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2015 \u0440., http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf, \u0441. 6.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n\n\n[58 \u041e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0443 2016 \u0440., \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2015 \u0440.,http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf,](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf) \u0441. 6;\n[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/351907.html.](http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/351907.html)\n\n\n[59 \u041e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u0443 2016 \u0433., \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434 2015 \u0440., http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf, \u0441. 7.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n\n\n60 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434, \u0449\u043e\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443, [http://www](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf, \u0441\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c 2016 \u0440., \u0441. 6.](http://wwwglobalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n\n\n61 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u041c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, \"\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0437 16 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e 15 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f 2016 \u0440.\" (Report on the\n[human rights situation in Ukraine 16 February to 15 May 2016) http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf)\n[Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf, \u0441. 34.](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf)\n\n\n62 \u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435.\n\n\n63\"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\", \u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 5, \u0441. 6.\n\n\n64\"\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\", \u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 5, \u0441. 18.\n\n\n65\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435, \u0441. 18.\n\n\n\u0417\u0410\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0417 \u0420\u041e\u0417\u0411\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0418 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u0423 \u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0406\n\n\n66 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0456 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443 \"\u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438\", \u0442. 1, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u044c 2015 \u0440., 45,\n[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u041e\u0412\u0412].](http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf)\n\n\n67 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45.\n\n\n[68 \u0423\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, 2 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2016 \u0440., http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html.](http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html)\n\n\n69 \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \"\u0412 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 400 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\", [http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine)\n_\u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436_ _\u0434\u0438\u0432._ \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u2116 2748/5, 25 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f 2015 \u0440.,\nhttp://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016\n[_LegalAidUkraine.pdf.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016_LegalAidUkraine.pdf)\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\n\n[70 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf.](http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf)\n\n\n71 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c \u0437 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 (MediatEUr) \u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041e\u041d\n\u00ab\u041f'\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u00bb, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 2016 \u0440. (MediatEUr and UNDP, \u201cFifth\nReport of the Dialogue Support Platform in Ukraine),\n[http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_r](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\n[eport.pdf?1465486265; \u041e\u041e\u041d-\u0416\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0447\u0438: \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\n\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457\u00bb (UN Women, In Brief: Putting Women at the Forefront of\nPeace and Humanitarian Action in Europe and Central Asia),\n[http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitaria](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[n%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415. [\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u041e\u041e\u041d\u0416, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0447\u0438].](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n\n\n72 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438, \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u00bb\n(Council of Europe, Programme Decentralisation and Territorial Consolidation in Ukraine), [http://www.slg-](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n[coe.org.ua/?lang=en](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n\n\n73 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u041e\u041e\u041d-\u0416\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u00ab\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u00bb (UN Women, Ukraine), [http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-](http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine)\n[are/ukraine.](http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine)\n\n\n74 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u00ab\u0415\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u00bb (UN\nDevelopment Programme, Economic and Social Recovery of the Donbas Region),\n[http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_So](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n[cial_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html.](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n\n\n75 \u041e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u0404\u0421 \u0442\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, 2014 \u0440.\n\n\n76 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u00ab\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u00bb (UN Human\n[Rights Monitoring Mission, News), http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870.](http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870)\n\n\n77 \u0414\u0438\u0432., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456: \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\n\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0445?\u00bb, 13 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044f 2015 \u0440. (National dialogue in Ukraine: what are the chances of success?),\n[http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/)\n[success/; \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457,](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/)\n_\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0437 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443: \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f_\n_\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u043a\u0438,_ \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c 2016 \u0440. (UNHCR and Kiev International Institute of Sociology, _Ukrainians\u2019 Attitudes_\n_Towards_ _Internally_ _Displaced_ _Persons_ _from_ _Donbas_ _and_ _Crimea:_ _Summary_ _of_ _Opinion_ _Polls_ ),\n[http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf;](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf) \u041e\u0411\u0421\u0404, \u00ab\u041b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\n\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438, 30 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044f 2014 \u0440. (OSCE, Leader of\nOSCE National Dialogue Project Ukraine presents recommendations to Permanent Council),\n[http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166.](http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166)\n\n\n78 \u041e\u0412\u0412, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 59, \u0441. 4-5, 11.\n\n\n79 \u041e\u0412\u0412, _\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435_ 59, \u0441. 16.\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bda55576-6aed-3661-a8b1-e4a81ab1db5b/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_final_ua_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_864/raw/doc_864_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_864/raw/doc_864_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fa4174a7213c2c47f9280a15bcfacd4c1fca82d3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_864/raw/doc_864_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0418\u041d\u0415\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u0421\u041e\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415\n\n\u0412\u0412\u0415\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415............................................................................................................................................................. 3\n\n\n\u0427\u0422\u041e \u0422\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0415 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415? ..................................................................................... 3\n\n\n\u041f\u041e\u0427\u0415\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041d\u042b \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415? ........................................................................... 4\n\n\n\u0412 \u0427\u0415\u041c \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0410\u0415\u0422\u0421\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f? ................ 4\n\n\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 .......................................................................................................... 6\n\n\n\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 .......................................................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\n\u041e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439.................................................................................................................................. 7\n\n\n\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c ............................................................................................... 7\n\n\n\u0420\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f............................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 ................................................................................................................................................ 9\n\n\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e ........................................................................... 9\n\n\n\u041a\u0410\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423\u0422 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0422\u042c \u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u0423 \u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041b\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0420\u041e\u0427\u041d\u042b\u0415\n\n\n\u0420\u0415\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0418\u041d\u0415? ...................................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n\u0421\u0423\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0423\u042e\u0429\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u042b ....................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n\u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 ..................................................................................................................................................... 15\n\n\n\u0420\u0415\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418 ............................................................................................................................................... 16\n\n\n\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0427\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f .................................................................................................................................................... 18\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u0412\u0412\u0415\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\n\n\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439\n\n\n\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439\n\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\n\n\n\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\n\n## \u0427\u0422\u041e \u0422\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0415 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415?\n\n\n**\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e** \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u043c\u0430\u0435 2007 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\n\n\n\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0441\n\n\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb. [1]\n\n\n\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e,\n\n\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d. [2]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435** \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443/\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0430\n\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. [3] \u0417\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\n\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\n\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [4] \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445\n\n\n\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u041f\u041e\u0427\u0415\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041d\u042b \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415?\n\n\u0418 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\n\n\n\u00ab\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430,\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. [5]\n\n\n\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\n\n\u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430. [6] \u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. [7] \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d (\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\n\n\n\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438\n\n\n\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435), \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\n\n\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. [8] \u041a\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e (\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\n\n## \u0412 \u0427\u0415\u041c \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0410\u0415\u0422\u0421\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f?\n\n\n\u0412 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a\n\n\n**\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e**, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\n\n\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u00bb. [9] \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435,\n\n\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u043e, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430,\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0438\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.\n\n\n\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, **\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435** \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438:\n\n\n\u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb. [10] \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u0412 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e 1325 \u043e\n\n\n\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\n\n\n\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0439\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0439, [11] \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d,\n\n\n\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n\n\n\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435\n\n\n\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\n\n\n\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043e\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\n\n\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, [12] \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\n\n\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438\n\n\n\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e 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\u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\n\n\u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d 1325 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0432 2016 \u0433. [13] \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430:\n\n\n1) \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430;\n\n\n2) \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430;\n\n\n3) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f;\n\n\n4) \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430;\n\n\n5) \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430; \u0438\n\n\n6) \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d 1325 \u00ab\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u041c\u0438\u0440\n\n\n\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e 2020 \u0433.\n\n\n\u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f **\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445**\n\n**\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430,** [14] **\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c** [15] **\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435.** [16] \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f **\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430**, **\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433**,\n\n\n**\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439**, **\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c**, **\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f**, **\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430**, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 **\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f**\n\n\n**\u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e** . \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435.\n\n### \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0415 \u0418 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0410\n\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\n\n\n\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435.\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. [17] \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\n\n\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438,\n\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\n\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\n\n\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. [18]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u0412 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0433\u0435 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b_\n_\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438_\n_\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438_\n_\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 700 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c,_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430._ _[19]_\n\n### \u0414\u0418\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0413\n\n\n\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e,\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439. [20] \u0412\n\n\n\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\n\n\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c. [21] \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443,\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439\n\n\n\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b\n\n\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c. [22] \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u00ab\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435_\n_\u0443\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u00bb (LIVE \u2013 Let\u2019s Involve the Victims\u2019 Experience) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439_\n_\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443_\n_\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438) \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0430_\n_\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438_\n_\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435_\n_\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f._ _[23]_\n\n### \u041e\u0411\u041c\u0415\u041d \u0418\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0415\u0419\n\n\n\u041e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435,\n\n\n\u00ab\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 (\u0438\u043b\u0438) \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435. [24] \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432,\n\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb. [25] \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439,\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0421\u041c\u0418. [26]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0421\u041c\u0418 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f_\n_\u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d_ _\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434_ _\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d\u0441\u00bb_ _(Common_ _Ground_ _Productions),_ _\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440,_ _\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c_\n_\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f_\n_\u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0434\u00bb \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0438_\n_\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f_\n_\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438._ _[27]_ _\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438_\n_\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0410\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0439\u043e. \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432_\n_\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 150 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445_\n_\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u00ab\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f\u0441\u044c\u00bb (Coming Together)._ _[28]_\n\n### \u0414\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0423\u041f \u041a \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e\u0421\u0423\u0414\u0418\u042e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e\u0412\u0410\u042f \u041f\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0429\u042c\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435.\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\n\n\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c. [29] \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\n\n\u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446. [30] \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438,\n\n\n\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443,\n\n\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0430\n\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. [31]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443_\n_\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438, \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445_\n_\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 (UNDP) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433._\n_\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0441 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438._\n_\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c_\n_\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439_\n_\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430_\n_\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430,_\n_\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u043a \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c._ _[32]_\n\n### \u0420\u0415\u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f\n\n\n\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\n\n\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0435. [33]\n\n\n\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 (PTSD) \u0438\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435.\n\n\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435\n\n\n\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\n\n\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u043e\u0432. [34]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438_\n_\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0420\u0414\u0420) \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439._\n_\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\n_\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 18\u201324 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432._ _[35]_ _\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438_\n_\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438, \u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u0430_\n_\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438._ _[36]_ _\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c._\n_\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0420\u0414\u0420 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e_\n_\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438._ _[37]_\n_\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e._ _[38]_ _\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f_\n_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0438_\n_\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439,_ _\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435_ _\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438_ _\u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447_ _\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445_ _\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432_ _\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445_ _\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439_\n_\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435._ _[39]_\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine \u0412\u041e\u0417\u041c\u0415\u0429\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\n\n\u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e,\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [40] \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\n\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431. [41]\n\n\n\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\n\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [42] \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. [43] \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\n\n\n\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b\n\n\n\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\n\n\n\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438,\n\n\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445. [44] \u041f\u0440\u0438\n\n\n\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b\u00bb. [45]\n\n\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. [46]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431 \u0441_\n_\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c_\n_\u0434\u043b\u044f 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\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438_\n_\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445_\n_\u043a\u0430\u043a \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u042d\u0444\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u042d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e_\n_\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410._\n\n### \u041a\u041e\u041c\u0418\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0418 \u041f\u041e \u0412\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u041e\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042e \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0414\u042b \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042e\n\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\n\n\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. [48] \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\n\n\n\u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435\n\n\n\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b\n\n\n\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. [49] \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\n\n\u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u00bb. [50]\n\n\n**\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420** _**:**_ _\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 (\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e_\n_\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u2014 \u042e\u0410\u041a\u041f\u041f) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 17 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430_\n_\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430_ _[51]_ _\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439._ _[52]_ _\u042e\u0410\u041a\u041f\u041f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430_\n_\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 23 000 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439._ _[53]_ _\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0438_\n_\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438,_\n_\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c. \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435_\n_\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c_\n_\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430), \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435_\n_\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e._ [54]\n\n\n\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432,\n\n\n\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435\n\n\u0441\u0443\u0434\u044b. [55] \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0448\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c. [56]\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u041a\u0410\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423\u0422 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0422\u042c \u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u0423 \u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041b\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0420\u041e\u0427\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0420\u0415\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0418\u041d\u0415?\n\n\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 3,5 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. [57] \u041f\u043e\n\n\n\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 1,7 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, 63 %\n\n\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438. [58] \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 0,8 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438\n\n\n\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435\n\n\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. [59] \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c\n\n\n\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\n\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438\n\n\n\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 (\u0412\u041f\u041b) \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445. [60] \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\n\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\n\n\n\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 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\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0412\u041f\u041b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445. 61 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f\n\n\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u00ab\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\n\n\n\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u0411\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\n\n\n\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n\n\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. [62]\n\n\n\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\n\n\n\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442\n\n\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0443 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\n\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\n\n\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. [63]\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\n\n\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044f \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c\n\n\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. [64] \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439\n\n\n\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\n\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\n\n\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b. [65]\n\n\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\n\n\n\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u0421\u0423\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0423\u042e\u0429\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u042b\n\n\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435:\n\n\n**\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e:** \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\n\n\n\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\n\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [66] \u0418 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\n\n\n\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u044c\u044e, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438. [67] \u0412 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\n\n\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\n\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2014 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438\n\n\n\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2016 \u0433., \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f\n\n\n\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439\n\n\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. [68] \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. [69] \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e,\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. [70]\n\n\n**\u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:** \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0436\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f\n\n\n\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\n\n\n\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430\n\n\n\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\n\n\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440. [71] \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [72] \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\n\n\n\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\n\n\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. [73] \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\n\n\n\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\n\n\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. [74]\n\n\n\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\n\n\n\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438\n\n\n\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. [75] \u0411\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\n\n\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. [76]\n\n\n\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443\n\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0438\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043a \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f,\n\n\n\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443\n\n\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. [77]\n\n\n\u0420\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\n\n\n\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f\n\n\n\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\n\n\n\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u0438\n\n\n\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\n\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\n\n\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443. [78]\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\n\n\n\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438\n\n\n\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445\n\n\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439\n\n\n\u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\n\n\n\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435\n\n\n\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n\n## \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\n\n\n\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\n\n\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u044b.\n\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.\n\n\n\u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\n\n\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\n\n\n\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 (\u00ab\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\n\n\n\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u00bb, \u041e\u0412\u041c) \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\n\n\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438\n\n\n\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\n\n\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445\n\n\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. [79]\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u0420\u0415\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418\n\n\u0418\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445\n\n\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430:\n\n\n\n**\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435**\n**\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438**\n**\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a**\n**\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c**\n**\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c**\n\n\n**\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430**\n**\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438**\n**\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0430**\n**\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c**\n**\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441**\n**\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c**\n\n\n**\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438,**\n**\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439**\n**\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c**\n\n\n**\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432 \u043a \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e**\n**\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438**\n\n\n**\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432 \u043a**\n**\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443**\n\n\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0438**\n**\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435**\n**\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432**\n**\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430**\n\n\n**\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0438**\n**\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432**\n**\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438**\n\n\n### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n## \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0427\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\n\n\u0427\u0422\u041e \u0422\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0415 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415?\n\n\n1 \u0414\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e\n\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb, 2008 \u0433., \u0441. 18,\nhttp://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.\n\n2 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0441\u00bb (Interpeace) \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443 6\u00bb, [http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/)\n[do/track-6/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/track-6/)\n\n\n3 \u042d\u043d\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 (Enrique S\u00e1nchez) \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a (Sylvia Rognvik), \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439\n\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b: \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb (Building Just Societies:\nReconciliation in Transitional Settings), 1, \u0433. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0440\u0430, \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0430, 5\u20136 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2012 \u0433.,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf.](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf) [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435\n[\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation%20workshop%20report%20WEB.pdf)\n\n\n4 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, _\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 6.\n\n\n\u041f\u041e\u0427\u0415\u041c\u0423 \u0412\u0410\u0416\u041d\u042b \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415?\n\n\n5 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d:\n\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb (UN Peacebuilding: an Orientation), \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2010 \u0433., \u0441. 16,\n[http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf.](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/peacebuilding_orientation.pdf) [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\n\u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb]. \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d (Sarah Laughton) \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 (Nicholas Crawford) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\n\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435: \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445? \u0418 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e\n\u043e\u0433\u043d\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0438\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f? \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb.\n\n\n6 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 12.\n\n\n7 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 13.\n\n\n8 \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u0421 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\n\u043e\u0442 14 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n\n\n\u0412 \u0427\u0415\u041c \u0417\u0410\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0410\u0415\u0422\u0421\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f?\n\n\n9\u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 16.\n\n\n10 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 9.\n\n\n11 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122\n(2013) \u0438 2242 (2015).\n\n\n12 \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u0421 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\n\u043e\u0442 14 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n13 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u2116 1325 \u00ab\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b.\n\u041c\u0438\u0440. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e 2020 \u0433., \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b \u2116 113-\u0440\n\u043e\u0442 24 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 2016 \u0433.\n\n\n14 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430,\n\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\n\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b. \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb,\n_\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 6, 12, 16.\n\n\n15 \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\n\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0441\u00bb \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb (Local\n[ownership), http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/.](http://www.interpeace.org/what-we-do/our-peacebuilding-principles/local-ownership/)\n\n\n16 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u00ab[\u0434]\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\n\u043d\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\n\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u041c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0442 (Michele\nBrandt), \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043b \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b (Jill Cottrell), \u042f\u0448 \u0413\u0445\u0430\u0438 (Yash Ghai) \u0438 \u042d\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043d (Anthony Regan), _\u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438_\n_\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u00bb_ (Constitution-making and Reform: Options for the Process),\n\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0441\u00bb, 2011 \u0433., \u0441. v, [http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/](http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf)\n[files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf.](http://constitutionmakingforpeace.org/sites/default/files/handbooks/Constitution-Making-Handbook-English.pdf)\n\n\n17 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b\u00bb\n(Ukraine Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment: Analysis of Crisis Impacts and Needs in Eastern Ukraine), \u0442. 2,\n\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 2015 \u0433., \u0441. 105, [http://www.un.org.ua/ images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf. (\u00ab...\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e](http://www.un.org.ua/%20images/UkraineRecoveryPeace_A4_Vol2_Eng_rev4.pdf)\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439\n\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\n\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e\n\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb).\n\n\n18\u0410\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0414\u0436. \u041c\u0430\u043a\u041a\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438, \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434, \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u21165,\n[\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 2004 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCDRC/Resources/CDBrief05.pdf.](http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCDRC/Resources/CDBrief05.pdf)\n\n\n19 The Pitfalls of Peacebuilding: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan, Prospects for Ukraine), \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\n\u00ab\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb (Open Society Foundations), \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u044f, 14 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2014 \u0433., \u0441. 3,\n[https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine.](https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/pitfalls-peacebuilding-lessons-kyrgyzstan-prospects-ukraine)\n\n20 \u0414\u044d\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0411\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0434 (David Bloomfield), \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0437 (Teresa Barnes) \u0438 \u041b\u044e\u043a \u0425\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0435 (Luc Huyse) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.),\n_\u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb_ (Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: A Handbook),\n\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438\n\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, 2003 \u0433., \u0441. 40, [http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n[Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0418\u041f\u0414\u0412].](http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pdf/Reconciliation-After-Violent-Conflict-A-Handbook-Full-English-PDF.pdf)\n\n\n21 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 95.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n22 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 LIVE, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u00absingle-identity\u00bb\n(\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438), \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 LIVE\n\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 92.\n\n\n23 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 90\u201395.\n\n\n24 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0441 (Timothy Donais) \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u0414\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\n\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u00bb (Empowerment or Imposition?\nDilemmas of Local Ownership in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Processes), Peace & Change (\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u0442. 34,\n\u2116 1, \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c 2009 \u0433., \u0441. 20.\n\n\n25 \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 22.\n\n\n26 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439\n\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\n\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\n\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439\u00bb (Working with the\nMedia in Conflicts and other Emergencies), \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 2000 \u0433., \u0441. 30\u201333, [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/](http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf)\n[accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u041c\u041c\u0420].](http://www.adelaide.edu.au/accru/pubs/DFID_media_&_conflict.pdf)\n\n\n27 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45\u201346.\n\n\n28 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45.\n\n\n29 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 111.\n\n\n30 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 97. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c,\n\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n\n\n31 \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 22 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0441 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430,\n\u0414\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0421\u0413\u041d\n\n\n32 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u00ab\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438\u00bb, [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n[en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html.](http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/projects_and_initiatives/georgia_justice_forall.html)\n\n\n33 \u0411\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0438 (Beatrice Pouligny), \u0421\u0430\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d (Simon Chesterman) \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442 \u0428\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c (Albrecht\nSchnabel) (\u0440\u0435\u0434.) _\u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u00bb_ (After mass crime:\nRebuilding states and communities), \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, 2007 \u0433., \u0441.\n[149\u2013159, https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf](https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2479/pdf9789280811384.pdf) .\n\n\n34 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440., \u0441. 150 (\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e,\n\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044e\u00bb).\n\n\n35 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435._\n\n\n36 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d (Jonathan Morgenstein) \u00ab\u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\n\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0438\u00bb (Consolidating Disarmament: Lessons\nfrom Colombia\u2019s Reintegration Program for Demobilized Paramilitaries), \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\n[\u0421\u0428\u0410 217, \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2008 \u0433., http://www.usip.org/sites/default/ files/sr217.pdf.](http://www.usip.org/sites/default/%20files/sr217.pdf)\n\n\n37 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_ .\n\n\n38 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_ .\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n39 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439\n\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0438\u00bb (Paramilitary Reintegration Assessment in Colombia), 15 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2006 \u0433., [http://www.usip.org/](http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia)\n[publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia.](http://www.usip.org/publications/paramilitary-reintegration-assessment-in-colombia)\n\n\n40 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 _\u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f_\n_\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb_, (Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States:\nReparations Programmes), 2008 \u0433., \u0441. 7\u20138, [http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf)\n[/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u0427]](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf)\n\n\n41 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n42 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435\n\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445. \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u0427, _\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 40_ \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0441. 22.\n\n43 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. [43] \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e/ \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. [43]\n\n\n44 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n45 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d \u041f\u0427, _\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 40_ \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0441. 21.\n\n\n46 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 10.\n\n\n47 \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 20,\n\u0441. 155.\n\n\n48 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438,\n\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\n\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441. 123\u2013136. _\u0421\u043c. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435_ \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430? \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b\u00bb (Challenging the Conventional: Can Truth Commissions Strengthen Peace\nProcesses? Conclusions), [https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n[peace/conclusions.html#01.](https://www.ictj.org/challenging-conventional-truth-commissions-peace/conclusions.html#01)\n\n\n49 \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 20,\n\u0441. 123\u2013125.\n\n\n50 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 135\u201336.\n\n\n51 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 129\u201330.\n\n\n52 \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445\n\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b\n\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\u00bb. _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 140.\n\n\n53 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 140.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n54 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b: \u042e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb (Truth Commission: South Africa),\n[1 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1995 \u0433., http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa.](http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-south-africa)\n\n\n55 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u043c. \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0437\n\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0432\u0438\u043a, _\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 3; \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0440., _\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 12; \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, _\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 20.\n\n\n56 \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 20,\n\u0441. 102.\n\n\n\u041a\u0410\u041a \u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423\u0422 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0422\u042c \u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u0423 \u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041b\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0420\u041e\u0427\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0420\u0415\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0412\n\u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0418\u041d\u0415?\n\n\n57 \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u0432 2016 \u0433., \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2015 \u0433., [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf, \u0441. 6.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n\n58 \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u0432 2016 \u0433., \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2015., [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf,](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf) \u0441. 6;\nhttp://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/351907.html.\n\n\n59 \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u0432 2016 \u0433., \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2015 \u0433., [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n[field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf, \u0441. 7.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/2016_hno_ukraine_en.pdf)\n\n60 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u00bb, [http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n[commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf, \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c 2016 \u0433., \u0441. 6.](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Ukraine/housing_land_property/hlp-rights-of-displaced-and-conflict-affected-commmunities-in-eastern-ukraine-january-2016_en.pdf)\n\n\n61 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\n\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441 16 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e 15 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2016 \u0433.\u00bb (Report\non the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 February to 15 May 2016),\n[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf, \u0441. 34.](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_14th_HRMMU_Report.pdf)\n\n\n62 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435._\n\n\n63 \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041d: \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 5, \u0441. 6.\n\n\n64 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 18.\n\n\n65 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_ .\n\n\n\u0421\u0423\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0423\u042e\u0429\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u042b\n\n\n66 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437, \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\n\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b\u00bb,\n[\u0442. 1, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 2015 \u0433., 45, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf. [\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u041e\u0412\u041c].](http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/V1-RPA_Eng_rev2.pdf)\n\n\n67 _\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435_, \u0441. 45.\n\n\n[68 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b, 2 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2016 \u0433., http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html.](http://rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/131146.html)\n\n\n69 \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u00ab\u0412 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 400 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\n\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u00ab, [http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-](http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine)\n[in-ukraine.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/en/home-eng/1636-over-400-legal-aid-bureaus-will-be-created-in-ukraine) _\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043c._ \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u2116 2748/5, 25 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2015 \u0433.,\n[http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016LegalAidUkraine.pdf.](http://legalaid.gov.ua/images/plan_2016_LegalAidUkraine.pdf)\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Protection Cluster Ukraine\n\n[70 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b, http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf.](http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/Ukraine_NAP.pdf)\n\n\n71 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 (MediatEUr) \u0438 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041e\u041d\n\u00ab\u041f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435\u00bb, \u043c\u0430\u0439 2016 \u0433. (MediatEUr and UNDP, \u201cFifth Report\nof the Dialogue Support Platform in Ukraine),\n[http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_r](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\n[eport.pdf?1465486265; \u041e\u041e\u041d-\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u00ab\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0446\u0435: \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438](http://ukraine.dialoguesupport.org/system/attachments/files/000/000/007/original/ENGLISH_DSPU_May_2016_report.pdf?1465486265)\n\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438\u00bb (UN Women, In Brief: Putting Women at the\nForefront of Peace and Humanitarian Action in Europe and Central Asia),\n[http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitaria](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n[n%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415. [\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u041e\u041e\u041d\u0416, \u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0446\u0435].](http://www2.unwomen.org/~/media/field%20office%20eca/attachments/publications/2016/unw%20putting%20women%20at%20the%20forefront%20of%20peace%20and%20humanitarian%20action_rnd3_lr%20final.pdf?v=1&d=20160205T155415)\n\n\n72 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\n\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u00bb (Council of Europe, Programme Decentralisation and Territorial Consolidation in Ukraine), [http://www.slg-](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n[coe.org.ua/?lang=en.](http://www.slg-coe.org.ua/?lang=en)\n\n\n73 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u041e\u041e\u041d-\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u00ab\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb (UN Women, Ukraine), [http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-](http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine)\n[are/ukraine.](http://eca.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/ukraine)\n\n\n74 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u00ab\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u00bb (UN Development Programme, Economic and Social Recovery of the Donbas Region),\n[http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_So](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n[cial_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html](http://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/en/home/operations/projects/human_development/Economic_and_Social_Recovery_of_Donbas_Region.html)\n\n\n75 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440,_ \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0421\u041e\u0421, \u201c\u041c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0431 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0435,\u201d 11 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 2015,\n[http://krymsos.com/en/settlers/news/khab-dlya-pereselentsev/; \u041c\u041e\u041c: \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041b \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439](http://krymsos.com/en/settlers/news/khab-dlya-pereselentsev/)\n\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442, \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c-\u043c\u0430\u0439 2016, [http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report](http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report_april-may_2016_1.pdf)\n[_april-may_2016_1.pdf; \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u044b \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b, http://woundedwarriorukraine.org/.](http://www.iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/iom_assistance_report_april-may_2016_1.pdf)\n\n\n76 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u041e\u041e\u041d, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (\u041f\u0411\u041e) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b 2015 \u0440. (UNHCR, Eastern Ukraine Quick\n[Impact Projects (QIPS) 2015), http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/317/04202016_QIP%20Factsheet.pdf](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/317/04202016_QIP%20Factsheet.pdf)\n\n\n77 _\u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440_, \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u00ab\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb\n[(UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission, News), http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870.](http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1870)\n\n\n78 \u0421\u043c., \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435:\n\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445?\u00bb, 13 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 2015 \u0433. (National dialogue in Ukraine: what are the chances of success?),\n[http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/)\n[success/; \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442](http://icps.com.ua/en/studies-icps/government-policy/national-dialogue-in-ukraine-what-are-the-chances-of-success/)\n\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, _\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430: \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b_\n_\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_, \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c 2016 \u0433. (UNHCR and Kiev International Institute of Sociology, _Ukrainians\u2019_\n_Attitudes Towards Internally Displaced Persons from Donbas and Crimea: Summary of Opinion Polls)_,\n[http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf; \u041e\u0411\u0421\u0415, \u00ab\u041b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430](http://unhcr.org.ua/attachments/article/1605/Public%20Survey%20Report_ENG.pdf)\n\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, 30 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2014 \u0433. (OSCE,\nLeader of OSCE National Dialogue Project Ukraine presents recommendations to Permanent Council),\n[http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166.](http://www.osce.org/ukraine/118166)\n\n\n79 \u041e\u0412\u041c, _\u0441\u043c. \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435_ 66, \u0441. 4\u20135, 11.\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a582a543-d7a1-3dd1-ac9b-a1967f5b4870/peacebuilding_reconciliation_guidance_note_ru.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_865/raw/doc_865_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_865/raw/doc_865_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9a18b3801cb83fcb1a2955e89752fe1630bc94a7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_865/raw/doc_865_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# _GT CCCM_ _PLAN DE CONTINGENCE COVID 19_\n\nRESUME STRATEGIQUE\n\n\nDepuis d\u00e9cembre 2019, la Chine et le reste du monde connaisse une crise sanitaire sans\npr\u00e9c\u00e8dent avec la d\u00e9couverte du Coronavirus (Covid-19). Cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e en\nmars 2020 comme une pand\u00e9mie mondiale car plus de 90 pays dans le monde en sont\nmaintenant affect\u00e9s. On enregistre plus de 6000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s. La forte mobilit\u00e9 des populations a\naccru la propagation de la maladie. Face \u00e0 cette pand\u00e9mie, la RDC, a l\u2019instar de la plupart des\npays africains, la RDC vient de fermer ses fronti\u00e8res et \u2018l\u2019isolement\u2019 de la capitale Kinshasa\n(\u00e9picentre de la maladie) avec le reste du pays.\n\n\nA ce jour, ce sont 108 cas enregistr\u00e9s par les autorites avec des contaminations locales dont\nun (1) cas \u00e0 Goma dans la province du Nord Kivu et un (1) cas \u00e0 Bafwasende dans la province\nde l\u2019Ituri. Ce qui pourrait aggraver l\u2019\u00e9volution de la maladie dans le pays, quand on connait le\nniveau sanitaire qui pr\u00e9vaut. Le Nord Kivu vient de limiter ses mouvements avec le Sud Kivu \u00e0\npartir du 1er Avril 2020.\n\n\nPour r\u00e9duire une expansion de la maladie dans le NK, qui sort \u00e0 peine de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a virus\nEbola, les autorites locales, \u00e0 Goma ont depuis le 12 mars entrepris des consultations avec les\npartenaires humanitaires et \u00e9tatiques. Pour rappel, au NK, ce sont la recrudescence des\nconflits arm\u00e9s par la traque des forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res sur les groupes arm\u00e9s, les conflits\nintercommunautaires et les conflits fonciers qui occasionnent les nombreux mouvements\npendulaires des populations.\n\n\nOn enregistre officiellement 134 sites officiels reconnus (22 dans le NK, 64 en Ituri sous la\ncoordination du HCR et 9 au NK et 39 en Ituri sous la coordination de l\u2019OIM). A cela, il faut\nnoter que la majorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es se trouve encore dans les familles d\u2019accueil\nqui sont de plus en plus vuln\u00e9rables par la longueur du d\u00e9placement et l\u2019ampleur des crises\narm\u00e9es. Nous notons aussi de nombreux mouvements de populations qui fragilisent les\nr\u00e9ponses humanitaires en termes d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et d\u2019impact.\n\n\nIl faut aussi noter que, lors de la crise sanitaire (MVE) qui a touch\u00e9 le nord Kivu en 2018\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour, la province n\u2019a pas enregistr\u00e9 officiellement de cas au niveau des sites.\nMalheureusement, aucune statistique n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 disponibilis\u00e9 sur l\u2019impact de la MVE sur les\npopulations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et quelle est le niveau d\u2019appropriation de la communaut\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis des\ncrises sanitaires ; qui, tr\u00e8s souvent sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ennemi (extermination ethnique) ou pire\n\u00e0 l\u2019ennemi spirituel (contexte religieux et para religieux) tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents dans la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\nAinsi, dans la localit\u00e9 de Beni et de Butembo, on a not\u00e9 des mouvements de populations li\u00e9es\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie d\u2019Ebola, de m\u00e9nages ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 accueillis des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Une attention particuli\u00e8re est donc requise autour de la probl\u00e9matique des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es en sites de d\u00e9placement et hors sites.\n\n\nSITUATION ACTUELLE\n\n\nLa gestion des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es reste un d\u00e9fi majeur pour la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire mais\naussi pour les autorit\u00e9s locales. La gestion des sites de d\u00e9placement a brill\u00e9 par une faible\nimplication des autorit\u00e9s. On annonce une non-assistance de certains d\u2019entre eux depuis plus\nde 5 ans. Malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des gestionnaires et administrateurs de sites, on note une faible\nr\u00e9ponse des prestataires des services, les faibles r\u00e9ponses et/ou une non coordonn\u00e9es des\nacteurs humanitaires.\n\n\nEn cons\u00e9quence, les besoins sont \u00e9normes avec des r\u00e9ponses estim\u00e9es \u00e0 environ 10 %,\nmajoritairement faites par le HCR et OIM comme prestataires de dernier recours. C\u2019est un\ngap consid\u00e9rable qui pourrait affecter la r\u00e9ponse que nous voulons mettre en place face \u00e0 la\npand\u00e9mie Coronavirus.\n\n\nPour y arriver, l\u2019implication des autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les gestionnaires de sites de d\u00e9placement\nreste primordiale. La communaut\u00e9 humanitaire doit \u00eatre aussi pr\u00e9sente dans la r\u00e9ponse tout\ncomme la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e et les familles h\u00f4tes.\n\n\nOBJECTIF\n\n\nGlobalement, le but est de contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9viter/r\u00e9duire :\n\n\n - La pr\u00e9sence/propagation de la maladie dans les sites, des familles d\u2019accueil et au sein des\ncommunaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil\n\n - La mortalit\u00e9 et la morbidit\u00e9 li\u00e9es \u00e0 la flamb\u00e9e \u00e9pid\u00e9mique.\n\n\nDECLARATION DE L\u2019URGENCE\n\nL\u2019urgence est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par le Gouvernement, par le biais du Minist\u00e8re de la Sante Publique.\nLes informations officielles sont ainsi relay\u00e9es dans chaque site/hors sites par les\ngestionnaires des sites de d\u00e9placement et la commission mise en place par les autorites\nlocales.\n\n\nPLANIFICATION DE BASE\n\n\nPour ce premier plan de contingence, les chiffres de planification se pr\u00e9senteraient comme\nsuit :\n\n\n|A. Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM du HCR (Ituri) au 22 Mars 2020:|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|\n|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Territoire_|_Nombre de m\u00e9nages_|_Nombre d\u2019individus_|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|1|Bembeyi|Irumu|178|852|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2|ISP|Irumu|4,818|23,766|\n|3|Kasenyi|Irumu|1,771|6,815|\n|4|Kigonze|Irumu|1,987|9,255|\n|5|Kpangba|Djugu|546|2,158|\n|6|Telega|Irumu|778|3,780|\n|7|Venyo|Djugu|226|942|\n|8|Luvengire|Djugu|632|4,555|\n|9|Sesele|Djugu|566|3,021|\n|10|Bahwere|Djugu|447|2,235|\n|11|Nyama Zazi|Djugu|850|3,450|\n|12|Landa|Djugu|237|937|\n|13|Mbala|Irumu|900|4,080|\n|14|Koikpa|Djugu|88|172|\n|15|Tsere|Irumu|359|1,842|\n|TOTAL|TOTAL|TOTAL|_14,383_|_67,860_|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Villages autour des
sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|Col2|Territoire|Nombre de m\u00e9nages
dans les villages|Nombre de m\u00e9nages \u00e0
cibler par la distribution
(20 %)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Bembeyi|Irumu|465|91|\n|2|Muzipela|Irumu|1,560|312|\n|3|Kasenyi centre|Irumu|2,490|498|\n|4|Kolomani|Irumu|630|126|\n|5|Kpangba|Djugu|455|91|\n|6|Telega|Irumu|423|84|\n|7|Venyo|Djugu|520|104|\n|8|Luvangire|Djugu|350|70|\n|9|Sesele|Djugu|235|47|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|10|Bahware|Djugu|222|44|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|11|Nyamazazi|Djugu|300|60|\n|12|Landa|Djugu|750|30|\n|13|Mbala|Irumu|175|35|\n|14|Koikpa|Djugu|123|24|\n|15|Tsere|Irumu|167|33|\n|TOTAL|TOTAL|TOTAL|_8,265_|_1, 649_|\n\n\n**B.** Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM de l\u2019OIM (Ituri) au 25 Mars 2020 :\n\n\n|PROVINCE D'ITURI|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|ADINGI-TERLUNGU|MAHAGI|396|537|\n|ADVENTISTE|IRUMU|223|929|\n|BAITI|IRUMU|177|525|\n|BANGA|DJUGU|390|1100|\n|BOMBWA|IRUMU|66|270|\n|CE_39/BEY|IRUMU|117|392|\n|CEBCA|IRUMU|74|212|\n|EP IGA (CECA20)|DJUGU|384|1143|\n|EP TUUNGANE|DJUGU|486|1298|\n|EP-PIKE|MAHAGI|363|646|\n|GENGERE-I|MAHAGI|511|1292|\n|GENGERE-II|MAHAGI|272|740|\n|GODO I|DJUGU|923|2613|\n|HUNGBE|DJUGU|1158|3201|\n|INSTITUT IGA|DJUGU|315|859|\n|JUPAJALWINYI|MAHAGI|842|1525|\n|LIMANI|DJUGU|592|1291|\n|LIMBU|DJUGU|288|713|\n|LINDJI|DJUGU|851|2657|\n|LINDJI 2|DJUGU|463|1230|\n|LINDJI 3|DJUGU|402|1063|\n|MAKAYANGA|IRUMU|121|482|\n|MALABO|DJUGU|529|848|\n|MANGIVA|IRUMU|167|672|\n|MBUDU|DJUGU|215|651|\n|SOMBE|DJUGU|289|940|\n|TSE|DJUGU|915|2311|\n|ADVENTISTE/NDALIA|IRUMU|59|310|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|C. Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM du HCR (Nord-Kivu) au 20 mars 2020 :|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|\n|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Territoire_|_Nombre de m\u00e9nages_|_Nombre_
_d\u2019individus_|\n|1|BUKOMBO|Masisi|1,299|5,337|\n|2|IBUGA|Rutshuru|1,083|5,229|\n|3|KAHE|Rutshuru|1,331|6,026|\n|4|KALEMBE KALONGE|Walikale|518|1,957|\n|5|KALENGERA|Masisi|498|2,386|\n|6|KALINGA|Masisi|1,357|5,740|\n|7|KASHUGA|Masisi|1,421|6,789|\n|8|KASOKO|Rutshuru|1,234|5,769|\n|9|KIHONDO|Rutshuru|1,553|6,301|\n|10|KIKUKU|Rutshuru|758|3,028|\n|11|MUNGOTE|Masisi|2,226|10,980|\n|12|MWESO|Masisi|1000|4,610|\n|13|NYANZALE MARCHE|Rutshuru|882|3,932|\n|_Total_|_Total_|_Total_|_15,160_|_80,613_|\n\n\n|ANGLICANE|IRUMU|134|777|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|CATHOLIQUE|IRUMU|77|244|\n|CE_39/BWANASULA|IRUMU|300|1800|\n|CE_39/NGEREZA-SOKOTANO|IRUMU|695|2685|\n|EGLISE-CPS|IRUMU|97|704|\n|EP-MBUYA|MAHAGI|803|4819|\n|KALYAMUGONGO|IRUMU|122|532|\n|RANGU|MAHAGI|475|2095|\n|UGUDO-ZII|MAHAGI|310|2671|\n|UNDILA|MAHAGI|345|2024|\n|UTYEP|MAHAGI|942|3933|\n|Total|Total|15888|52734|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|N\u00b0|TERRITOIRES|VILLAGES|POPULATIONS (nombre
d\u2019individus)|Nombre
d\u2019individus/m\u00e9nages \u00e0
cibler par la distribution
(20 %)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|

MASISI|MWESO|15,733|3,146|\n|1|

MASISI|KASHUGA|12,348|2,469|\n|1|

MASISI|MUNGOTE|11,686|2,337|\n|1|

MASISI|KALENGERA|17,721|3,544|\n|1|

MASISI|KALINGA|10,223|2,044|\n|1|

MASISI|BUKOMBO|11,328|2,328|\n|1|Sous -total||79,039|15,868|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|NYANZALE|5,891|1,178|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KIKUKU|10,695|2,139|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KIHONDO|7,016|1,403|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|IBUGHA|14498|2,899|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KASOKO|5,943|1,188|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KAHE|10,940|2,188|\n|2|Sous- total||54,983|10,995|\n|3|WALIKALE
|KALEMBE
KALONGE|6,886|1,377|\n|3|Sous total||6,886|1,377|\n|Total|Total|Total|140,908|29,240 individus
(5,648 m\u00e9nag\u00e9s)|\n\n\n**D.** Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM de l\u2019OIM (Nord-Kivu) au 25 mars 2020 :\n\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|BUSHANI|MASISI|455|1169|\n|KABIZO|RUTSHURU|770|2809|\n|KANABA|RUTSHURU|831|2925|\n|KATALE|MASISI|1686|5666|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|KATOYI|MASISI|405|1339|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|KIBABI/POLICE|MASISI|300|1248|\n|KIZIMBA|RUTSHURU|940|2712|\n|MUHETO|MASISI|797|2113|\n|RUSHASHI|MASISI|523|1868|\n|Total|Total|6707|21849|\n\n\n**E.** Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en dehors des sites (approche CCI) au Nord-Kivu\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU MENAGE EN FAMILLE
D'ACCUEIL|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Localisation|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|Famille d'accueil|RUTSHURU|2182|10850|\n|Famille d'accueil|MASISI|84|447|\n|Total|Total|2266|11297|\n\n\n\nF. Sites spontan\u00e9s au Nord-Kivu\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites spontan\u00e9s|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|KAKOKA|MASISI|969|5312|\n|KIBUNDI|MASISI|769|4964|\n|KIKOMA|MASISI|931|4878|\n|BUGUSA|RUTSHURU|93|238|\n|RUKORO|RUTSHURU|35|100|\n|Total|Total|2797|15492|\n\n\n\nCOORDINATION AVEC LES STRUCTURES D\u2019APPUI\n\n\nR\u00f4les des gestionnaires et/ou administrateur des sites de d\u00e9placement/hors sites :\n\n\n`o` Continuer la gestion des IDPs dans les sites de d\u00e9placement et en famille d\u2019accueil\n\ndans les zones d\u2019intervention et CCI ;\n\n\n`o` Toutes les informations sont centralis\u00e9es par le gestionnaire dans les sites de\n\nd\u00e9placement et par les administrateurs en dehors des sites et CCI ;\n\n\nToutes les informations sont centralis\u00e9es par le gestionnaire\n\n\n`o` Organiser les comit\u00e9s des IDPs \u00e0 une auto prise en charge ;\n\n\n`o` Autoriser la pertinence des distributions de kits sanitaires AVANT/APRES le\n\nconfinement ;\n\n\n`o` Rapporter tout rapport de situation li\u00e9 au coronavirus ;\n\n\n`o` Tenir inform\u00e9s les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels ;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "`o` Collaborer avec les autorit\u00e9s locales\n\n\nOMS, UNICEF, CROIX-ROUGE/FICR (dernier recours) : leur r\u00f4le sera\n\n\n`o` De renforcer les capacit\u00e9s du gestionnaire et les comit\u00e9s des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sur la\n\nsurveillance \u00e0 base communautaire ;\n\n\n`o` Compiler toute donn\u00e9e issue du terrain \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique ;\n\n\n`o` Orienter les r\u00e9ponses du gestionnaire de site de d\u00e9placement ;\n\n\n`o` Et apporter tout appui technique urgent ;\n\n\nGouvernement Provincial :\n\n\n - S\u2019assurer des dispositions de protection des personnes vivantes dans les sites\nd\u00e9placement ;\n\n\n - S\u2019assurer que les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la situation des IDPs sont prises en compte ;\n\n\n - Plaider pour des assistances pour le partage d\u2019information sur les actions en faveur des\nIDPs sites d\u00e9placement/hors sites ;\n\n\nNB : De fa\u00e7on transversale, participation aux diff\u00e9rentes rencontres avec les autorites\nlocales/bailleurs de fonds sur la situation dans les sites d\u00e8s que la situation sanitaire le\npermet.\n\n\nOCHA\n\n\n - Coordonner avec OCHA par le partage des donn\u00e9es\n\n\n - Contribuer sur des documents de plaidoyer et de rapportage de la situation dans les sites\nd\u00e9placement et hors sites\n\n\nGLOBAL CCCM\n\n\n - Partager tout document, update de la situation et inputs pour les le\u00e7ons apprises.\n\n\nLe COVID et la protection des filles et femmes\n\n\nDans son Article 9, la Convention de Kampala, obligations est faite aux Etats parties de\nprot\u00e9ger et assister les IDPs durant le d\u00e9placement interne, prot\u00e8gent les droits des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, quelle que soit la cause de d\u00e9placement, en s\u2019abstenant de pratiquer,\net en pr\u00e9venant les actes suivants, entre autres : la violence sexuelle et fond\u00e9e sur le genre,\nnotamment le viol, la prostitution forc\u00e9e, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, et les pratiques n\u00e9fastes,\nl\u2019esclavage, le recrutement d\u2019enfants et leur utilisation dans les hostilit\u00e9s, travail forc\u00e9, trafic\net d\u00e9tournement d\u2019\u00eatres humains.\n\n\nLe IASC, dans sa note technique relative a la Pand\u00e9mie du COVID finalis\u00e9e en Mars 2020, le\nIASC demande \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 de faire circuler les codes de conduite (CoC) et autres\nmesures de protection mais aussi de rappeler au personnel ses obligations \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Des\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "messages cl\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9s pour le coordonnateur r\u00e9sident/humanitaire (CR/CH)\nafin de renforcer les exigences de la PSEA et de s'assurer que le CR/CH est pleinement\nengag\u00e9 pour s'assurer que les syst\u00e8mes requis sont en place et fonctionnent de mani\u00e8re \u00e0\nr\u00e9pondre aux all\u00e9gations et \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les risques.\n\n\nLa communaut\u00e9 humanitaire doit travailler en \u00e9troite collaboration avec les autorites locales\net les structures communautaires. Il faut ainsi \u00e9tablir ou renforcer les canaux de plainte\nexistants pour recevoir et traiter les plaintes sensibles, y compris celles relatives aux abus\nsexuels dans la r\u00e9ponse COVID-19 ; aussi, compte tenu de l'\u00e9loignement social, les points\nfocaux PSEA doivent s\u2019assurer que d'autres canaux sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et maintenus, en veillant\n\u00e0 pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la confidentialit\u00e9 et la sensibilit\u00e9 des victimes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SCENARII RETENUS\n\n\nScenario 1 : les autorites ordonnent la r\u00e9duction des mouvements et le confinement de la population locale et des IDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par IDPs dans les centres IDPs dans les sites officiels IDPs en famille IDPs dans les sites
secteurs prioritaires collectifs d\u2019accueil/en autonomie (spontan\u00e9s)
(location)
Interventions requises|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par
secteurs prioritaires

IDPs dans les centres
collectifs
IDPs dans les sites officiels
IDPs en famille
d\u2019accueil/en autonomie
(location)
IDPs dans les sites
(spontan\u00e9s)
Interventions requises|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par
secteurs prioritaires

IDPs dans les centres
collectifs
IDPs dans les sites officiels
IDPs en famille
d\u2019accueil/en autonomie
(location)
IDPs dans les sites
(spontan\u00e9s)
Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|\n||Sante/Wash|-
Faire
l\u2019affichage
des
messages cl\u00e9s officiels
-
Doter les comit\u00e9s locaux
de thermo flashs
-
Points
d\u2019eau
aux
diff\u00e9rentes entr\u00e9es
-
Dotation de kits lavage
de
main
devant
les
toilettes
communautaires
-
Ajouter la capacit\u00e9 de
stockage d\u2019eau \u00e0 tous les
m\u00e9nages|-
Faire
l\u2019affichage
des
messages cl\u00e9s officiels
-
Doter les comit\u00e9s locaux de
thermo flashs
-
Points d\u2019eau aux diff\u00e9rentes
entr\u00e9es et par quartier
-
Dotation de kits lavage de
main devant les toilettes
communautaires
-
Ajouter
la
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage d\u2019eau \u00e0 tous les
m\u00e9nages|-
Doter les m\u00e9nages
hors sites de savons
-
Doter les familles
d\u2019accueil de savons
-
|-
Faire l\u2019affichage des
messages cl\u00e9s
officiels|\n||AME|-
Dotation chaque m\u00e9nage
de kits de lavage de main|-
Dotation chaque m\u00e9nage
de kits de lavage de main
-
Dotation de kits de lavage
main
aux
structures
communautaires|N/A|N/A|\n||Shelter|-
Doter
des
abris
individuels
-
Eviter
de
garder
les
m\u00e9nages
dans
les
hangars de transit|-
Doter des abris individuels

|-
S\u2019assurer des
conditions de vie dans
les familles d\u2019accueil|-
Evaluation/d\u00e9cision
d\u00e9finitive du site
par la CNR|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Protection|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupr\u00e8s
des autorit\u00e9s locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agressio
n li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de la
maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupr\u00e8s des
autorit\u00e9s locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agression
li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de la
maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupres
des autorites locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agres
sion li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence
de la maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Suivi de la situation
de protection dans
les sites non
officiels|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||CCCM|-
Coordonner
avec
les
comit\u00e9s locaux de sant\u00e9
sur
les
arriv\u00e9es
de
nouveaux visiteurs/IDP
-
Plaidoyer
pour
la
responsabilisation
des
autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des
sites
et
lieux
de
regroupements
des
IDPs/visiteurs
-
Dotation des centres de
sant\u00e9
communautaires
proche
des
sites
de
d\u00e9placement
en
kits
(affichages,
lavage
mains, cache nez, etc.) si
possible|-
Si possible am\u00e9liorer les
installations dans les sites
de d\u00e9placement (espace
entre les abris)
-
Coordonner
avec
les
clusters Wash et GT AME
ou agences la dotation de
kits de lave-mains.|-
Suivre la situation des
m\u00e9nages par la CNR et
le partenaire ou par la
coordination des
partenaires et par les
autorit\u00e9s locales|-
Non-participation
aux \u00e9valuations|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Scenario 2 : De nouveaux mouvements de population en pleine \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Covid-19\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les nouveaux mouvements sont journaliers. Les autorit\u00e9s locales et les populations ont l\u2019habitude d\u2019en recevoir. Compte tenu\nde l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, les nouveaux arriv\u00e9s seront orient\u00e9s vers les services de sant\u00e9 post\u00e9s sur les axes et points d\u2019entr\u00e9e strat\u00e9giques et au niveau des\nsites de d\u00e9placement/CCI. N\u00e9anmoins, des plaidoyers seront faits pour encourager les IDPs vers les FAMAC et/ou toutes orientation des\nautorites administratives.\n\n\nACTIVITES PERTINENTES EN PERIODE DE CRISES SANITAIRES (en respectant les SoP sectoriel disponible)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Distribution par les comit\u00e9s
locaux|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis en
place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis en
place||\n|Identification des nouveaux
arrives|N/A|N/A|N/A|Distribution
des
kits
abris
pour
\u00e9viter
les
hangars
collectifs|N/A|Distribution
des bidons de
20 litres pour
augmentation
de
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage
d\u2019eau, savons
pour
trois
mois|Distribution
d\u2019une ration
de 45 jours
par PAM et
ses
partenaires|X
Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
existants
et
chefs des blocs|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Evaluation sectorielle|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Identification des
personnes vuln\u00e9rables
(ENA/ES/VBG, etc)
Suivi des PBS|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
de
sectoriels de
protection
existants|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
existants|\n|Vidanges|N/A|N/A|X|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Acc\u00e8s/R\u00e9parations des
points d\u2019eau|N/A|N/A|Par les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
WASH
existants|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Sensibilisations|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
protection
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
\u00e9ducation
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
WASH
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
d\u2019initiatives
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
sant\u00e9
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels de
distribution
et d\u2019initiative
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
de
distribution
et d\u2019initiative
existants|Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
et
chef des blocs|\n|Distributions|N/A|N/A|N/A|Distribution
des
kits|N/A|Distribution
des bidons de|Distribution
d\u2019une ration||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||abris
pour
\u00e9viter
les
hangars
collectifs||20 litres pour
augmentation
de
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage
d\u2019eau, savons
pour
trois
mois|de 45 jours
par PAM et
ses
partenaires||\n|R\u00e9unions sectorielles|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Renforcement de capacit\u00e9s|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|Formation
uniquement
pour la prise
en charge
des cas|N/A|N/A||\n|S\u00e9curit\u00e9|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|CNR|\n|Am\u00e9nagements des
espaces agricoles|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Vaccination|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Construction d\u2019abris
(programme ordinaire)|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
d\u2019initiatives|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||existants|||||\n|Construction d\u2019abris (abris
de quarantaine)
Construction \u00e0 faire hors
site sous le lead des
autorites sanitaires et
locales (pour \u00e9viter la
stigmatisation et risques de
contamination)|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|\n|R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement/Orientation|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|N/A|N/A||\n|Inhumation|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|N/A|N/A||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Finalis\u00e9, le 9 avril 2020\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1f9e91a-dcfd-34b6-b242-1ad017927b37/plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_cccm_rdc.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_866/raw/doc_866_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_866/raw/doc_866_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 46de8d214e0366ab5b0891a30dc93f24730d0c70..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_866/raw/doc_866_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nEn vertu de la r\u00e9solution 2717 (2023), adopt\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 de ses 15\nmembres, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a prorog\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au\n20 d\u00e9cembre 2024, le mandat de la Mission de l\u2019Organisation des Nations\nUnies pour la stabilisation en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(MONUSCO), tout en d\u00e9cidant d\u2019initier son \u00ab retrait progressif, responsable\net durable \u00bb du pays et de transf\u00e9rer progressivement les t\u00e2ches qui lui\nincombent au Gouvernement congolais.\n\n\nLe mois de d\u00e9cembre a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par la campagne \u00e9lectorale suivie des\n\u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles, l\u00e9gislatives nationales, provinciales et communales\nle 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023. L\u2019\u00e9lection a eu lieu avec des retards de vote dus \u00e0 des\nobstacles logistiques et naturels \u00e0 travers le pays et a \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9e de\nquelques troubles dans des centres de vote en raison de leur ouverture\ntardive. Les r\u00e9sultats provisoires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9s le 31 d\u00e9cembre par la\nCommission \u00e9lectorale nationale ind\u00e9pendante annon\u00e7ant la victoire du\npr\u00e9sident sortant, Felix Tshisekedi.\n\n\nLes faits marquants ci-apr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9s au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue :\n\n\n- Apr\u00e8s la promesse faite le 8 mai 2023 lors d\u2019un sommet de l\u2019organisation\nen Namibie la Communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement de l'Afrique australe\n(SADC) a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer des troupes dans le Nord Kivu, le 27\nd\u00e9cembre 2023.\n\n- Dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, malgr\u00e9 un cessez-le-feu observ\u00e9 entre les\nbellig\u00e9rants du 11 au 28 d\u00e9cembre, on a relev\u00e9 sur le terrain la poursuite\nd\u2019affrontements ponctuels entre le M23 et les coalitions des groupes\narm\u00e9s ainsi que les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo (FARDC) dans la partie Nord-Est du territoire de Masisi et SudOuest du territoire de Rutshuru entrainant des repr\u00e9sailles, des abus et\ndes d\u00e9placements. En outre, des abus continuent d\u2019\u00eatre all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\nhommes arm\u00e9s dans des zones d\u2019accueil des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\n(PDIs) \u00e0 Goma et \u00e0 Nyiragongo.\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, on note l\u2019augmentation d\u2019attaques et\nembuscades en zones de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha et Kamango (Territoire de Beni)\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF qui profiteraient du vide s\u00e9curitaire laiss\u00e9 par le\n\n\n\nred\u00e9ploiement des militaires FARDC sur les axes Mbau-Kamango et\nO\u00efcha-Eringeti vers l\u2019Ituri et vers les zones de combats contre le M23 \u00e0\nRutshuru. De plus, des abus continuent d\u2019\u00eatre all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux groupes\narm\u00e9s lors de l\u2019imposition des taxes ill\u00e9gales (Lubero).\n\n\n- Au **Sud Kivu**, on note une baisse consid\u00e9rable des cas de violations et\nabus des droits humains par rapport aux derniers mois mais il y a\nd\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation de protection cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 des conflits\nentre des groupes arm\u00e9s, des repr\u00e9sailles ou r\u00e9percussions des\naffrontements entre des militaires des FARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23\ndans le Nord-Kivu.\n\n\n- La situation de protection demeure pr\u00e9occupante sur l\u2019ensemble de la\nprovince **de l\u2019Ituri** et \u00e0 Faradje dans la province du **Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9** o\u00f9 des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s de l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires\npour la D\u00e9fense du Peuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le\nD\u00e9veloppement du Congo (CODECO/URDPC), du groupe Za\u00efre, des\nmilitaires des Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC) et des agents de la Police Nationale Congolaise (PNC) seraient\nauteurs de multiples atteintes aux droits humains au cours d\u2019attaques et\nembuscades contre les civils.\n\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, il y a recrudescence de cas de\nbraquages et d\u2019incursions attribu\u00e9s aux Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale sur l\u2019axe\nBendera dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba. Ces attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9\naccompagn\u00e9es de plusieurs incidents, notamment les atteintes \u00e0 la vie\net l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, les atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 ainsi que les atteintes \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 individuelle.\n\n\n- Dans les **provinces du Kasa\u00ef, Kasa\u00ef-Central et Kasa\u00ef-Oriental,** des\nconflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation de for\u00eats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s ainsi que des\ntensions li\u00e9es aux \u00e9lections.\n\n\n- Le conflit intercommunautaire entre T\u00e9k\u00e9, Yaka, Suku, Mbala et Songe\npoursuit son extension aux territoires de Kwamouth, dans la province de\n**Ma\u00ef-Ndombe,** de Bagata dans la province de **Kwilu** et de Kenge dans la\nprovince de **Kwango** ainsi qu\u2019une partie de la commune de Maluku dans\nla ville province de Kinshasa.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- Des pluies diluviennes et des \u00e9boulements de terrains ont \u00e9galement\nmarqu\u00e9 plusieurs localit\u00e9s au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, entrainant\ndes d\u00e9c\u00e8s, de nombreux bless\u00e9s, des destructions d\u2019infrastructures et\nles d\u00e9placements de populations.\n\n\n- Les acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 environ\n**8,183** violations et incidents de protection en d\u00e9cembre 2023, soit une\nbaisse d\u2019environ **33%** par rapport au mois de novembre avec **12,178**\nviolations et incidents. Parmi ces violations, il y a au moins **211**\nhomicides, **1,726** victimes de coups et blessures, **334** victimes de torture\net traitements inhumains, **441** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **716** travaux\nforc\u00e9s, **252** all\u00e9gations viols et **199** all\u00e9gations de violations 1612.\n\n\n- Les violations et abus rapport\u00e9s en d\u00e9cembre 2023 concernent **10,071**\nvictimes, dont **2,224** femmes, **7,197** hommes et **650** enfants.\n\n\n\n\n- De janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre\n2023, environ **116,745**\nall\u00e9gations de\nviolations et abus ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Les\nvictimes de ses\nviolations et abus sont\nd\u2019environ **263,756**\npersonnes.\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Discuter des mesures de renforcement s\u00e9curitaires sur les sites des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s sur l\u2019axe Masisi _(Clusters_ _Protection/CCCM,_ _OCHA,_\n_Communaut\u00e9 de liaison)._\n\n\n- Plaider pour le renforcement de l\u2019effectif de militaires FARDC dans les\nzones \u00e0 faible couverture afin de prot\u00e9ger les civils et leurs biens\n_(OCHA)._\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en application effective du Programme\nde D\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement Communautaire et\nStabilisation (PDDRC-S) ( _Cluster Protection_ ).\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour le renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection des civils\ndans les zones d\u2019accueil, et r\u00e9duire ainsi les risques d\u2019attaques dans les\nsites et centres collectifs. ( _Cluster Protection_ )\n\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des autorit\u00e9s et leaders locaux sur la\ncohabitation pacifique et la transformation des conflits ( _Cluster_\n_Protection/Logement Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9_ ).\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|667 All\u00e9gations de VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||||**199 Violations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des**
**all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9s aux m\u00e9canismes MRM**|\n||||**2,284 Violations du droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique**|\n||||**2,030 Violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9**|\n||||**2,977 Cas de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9**
**(extorsion des biens, incendies, taxes ill\u00e9gales,**
**pillages)**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour la mobilisation des fonds n\u00e9cessaires en vue de permettre\naux acteurs humanitaires de prendre en charge les questions de\nlogement, terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 _(COHP/ Logement Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9)._\n## VIOLATIONS ET ABUS DES DROITS \u2013 ANNEE 2023\n\n|Col1|T1|T2|T3|T4|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9|1,876|3,319|11,473|10,069|\n|Droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|4,168|8,200|16,407|14,108|\n|Droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|3,038|5,832|12,240|10,600|\n|Alertes de cas VBG|991|2,111|3,490|3,137|\n|Alertes sur les 6 violations
graves des droits de l'enfant
(r\u00e9s. 1612)|256|278|1,121|970|\n|Conflits fonciers|87|431|338|200|\n\n\n\nLe graphique ci-dessous illustre la r\u00e9partition des violations par\nprovinces/hub humanitaires ainsi que par type de violations.\n\n\nLe graphique ci-apr\u00e8s montre que le nombre de violations commises au Sud\nKivu reste particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9.\n\n\nBien que les chiffres du Ma\u00ef-Ndombe, Kwilu, Kwango et Kinshasa soient\nparticuli\u00e8rement bas, ceci ne refl\u00e8te pas forc\u00e9ment la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.\n\n\nEn effet, la remont\u00e9e des informations concernant cette r\u00e9gion n\u2019a r\u00e9ellement\nd\u00e9but\u00e9 qu\u2019en T3 avec un nombre limit\u00e9 d\u2019acteurs aux capacit\u00e9s r\u00e9duites.\nPour rappel, le monitoring de protection ne couvre pas forc\u00e9ment l\u2019ensemble\ndes zones de chaque hub pour l\u2019ensemble des p\u00e9riodes. Les donn\u00e9es ne\nsont donc pas r\u00e9ellement comparables d\u2019une zone \u00e0 l\u2019autre mais refl\u00e8te\ntoutefois des tendances observ\u00e9es sur le terrain.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Le graphique ci-dessous montre que les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sont les plus_\n_importantes suivies du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique._\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n## PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus des droits en d\u00e9cembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
** la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|
**VBG**|**Violations**
**graves des**
**droits de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**Total**|**% **|\n|**Aru**|29|27|2|16|0|**72**|**3 **|\n|**Djugu**|126|376|122|69|6|**699**|**26**|\n|**Faradje**|17|90|12|4|0|**123**|**5 **|\n|**Irumu**|23|262|206|69|0|**560**|**21**|\n|**Mahagi**|220|408|466|35|9|**1138**|**42**|\n|**Mambasa**|4|50|42|5|0|**101**|**4 **|\n|**TOTAL**|**417**|**1,213**|**850**|**198**|**15**|**2,693**|**100**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection1 en Ituri_\n\n\n- **En d\u00e9cembre 2023, 2,693 violations et abus** des droits humains et\nautres incidents de protection et abus concernant **3,104** **victimes (2,423**\n**hommes, 601 femmes, 80 enfants)** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs\ndu monitoring de protection dans les territoires de la province de l\u2019Ituri\n(en majorit\u00e9 a Mahagi, Djugu, Irumu), ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 Faradje dans la province\ndu Haut U\u00e9l\u00e9. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentant une **augmentation de 4.16 %**\ncomparativement au mois de novembre 2023 avec **3,239** violations.\n\n\n- En 2023, environ **65,710** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations dont\n**23,056** femmes, **39,693** hommes et **2,961** enfants.\n\n\n1 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- **1,138 violations** repr\u00e9sentant 42 % des cas rapport\u00e9s dans les\nprovinces, et une r\u00e9duction de 64 cas par rapport au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec\n1,202 cas.\n\n- Les deux premi\u00e8res semaines du mois ont connu une hausse des\nviolations en comparaison aux deux derniers mois cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0\ndes attaques assorties de meurtres, de pillages de biens, de travaux\nforc\u00e9s et de coups et blessures attribu\u00e9s aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nde l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense du Peuple Congolais de\nla Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo (CODECO/URDPC)\nprincipalement dans les localit\u00e9s littorales de la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Angumu.\n\n- Des combattants de la CODECO/URDPC auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9\nindex\u00e9s comme auteurs du meurtre, de coups et blessures, arrestations\net extorsions enregistr\u00e9s au niveau de leurs diff\u00e9rentes barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es\nsur certaines routes contre les civils qui se rendaient aux champs dans\nlocalit\u00e9s parmi lesquelles dans les groupements des Ang\u2019hal 2, Adra.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 16 d\u00e9cembre, au cours d\u2019incursions men\u00e9es par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la CODECO/URDPC dans les localit\u00e9s de\nManzetele et Sondu, dans le groupement des Ang\u2019hal 2, chefferie des\nAng\u2019hal, en zone de sante d\u2019Aungba, 11 personnes retourn\u00e9es parmi\nlesquelles 8 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es \u00e0 la machette. Des vivres et non vivres\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9rob\u00e9s, 55 maisons incendi\u00e9es.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Avec **699 violations** repr\u00e9sentant **26%** des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri et Faradje, le territoire de Djugu a enregistr\u00e9 le plus\ngrand nombre de violations des droits humains apr\u00e8s celui de Mahagi, et\nune r\u00e9duction de **220** cas par rapport au mois de novembre 2023 ( **919**\n**cas** ).\n\n- Cette baisse ne traduit pas l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019environnement protecteur\ndes civils, dont des personnes retourn\u00e9es et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en majorit\u00e9, dans\nla mesure o\u00f9 diff\u00e9rentes attaques et embuscades sont assortis de\nmeurtres, pillages, extorsions des biens, travaux forc\u00e9s, arrestations\narbitraires attribu\u00e9s aux combattants de la CODECO/URDPC et ceux du\ngroupe ZAIRE. Des incidents des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 dans\nles zones de sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu, Jiba, Bambu, Damas, Linga, Drodro\net Fataki.\n\n- L\u2019\u00e9tat de d\u00e9gradation des routes dans l\u2019ensemble du territoire de Djugu\naurait expos\u00e9 non seulement des particuliers, mais \u00e9galement des\nacteurs humanitaires qui auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de pillage et\nd\u2019extorsions des biens principalement sur les axes secondaires LitaSanduku et Lagu-Bule lors de leurs diff\u00e9rentes missions.\n\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO obligeraient des chauffeurs de\npayer une somme d\u2019argent allant de 150,000 \u00e0 250,000 FC pour les\nv\u00e9hicules qui restent embourb\u00e9s, somme d\u2019argent qui serait destin\u00e9e \u00e0\nla s\u00e9curisation des v\u00e9hicules.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 03 d\u00e9cembre 2023 vers 22 H, dans la localit\u00e9 Bau,\nen zone de sant\u00e9 de Lita, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient d\u00e9pouill\u00e9s 06 chauffeurs des v\u00e9hicules d\u2019une\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9 de transport des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et d\u2019une somme d\u2019argent non\nr\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e. Ces v\u00e9hicules apporteraient des assistances humanitaires au\nsite de Rhoo, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Drordro.\n\n\nLe 06 d\u00e9cembre 2023, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la\nCODECO/URDPC, auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 des incursions simultan\u00e9es dans\nles localit\u00e9s Ndjaya et Homani, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Linga et y auraient\ntu\u00e9 \u00e0 la machette 11 personnes retourn\u00e9es et bless\u00e9 \u00e0 la machette 03\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es. Ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s auraient ensuite\nincendi\u00e9 environ 45 maisons des personnes retourn\u00e9es et auraient par\nla m\u00eame occasion pill\u00e9e environ 16 ch\u00e8vres, 35 poules, 22 canards et\n\n\n\ndivers biens de 23 m\u00e9nages retourn\u00e9s (radio, panneau, t\u00e9l\u00e9vision,\nmallettes d\u2019habits, etc.).\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- **560 violations et abus** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, soit une baisse de pr\u00e8s de\n**21 %** (147 cas) par rapport au mois de novembre 2023 durant lequel **707**\ncas avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\n\n- D\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re semaine du mois, une hausse a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite\nd\u2019embuscades \u00e9maill\u00e9es de pillages, par des combattants de la Force de\nR\u00e9sistance Patriotique de l\u2019Ituri (FRPI) qui auraient cr\u00e9\u00e9 des poches\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans des zones non couvertes par les forces coalis\u00e9es\nFARDC-UPDF sur l\u2019axe Boga-Bukiring ainsi que dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nde Gety o\u00f9 ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s par les civils comme auteurs des\ncambriolages assortis de pillages des biens.\n\n\n- En outre, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, des combattants ADF\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme auteurs notamment de meurtres et\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements de personnes retourn\u00e9es pendant leur fuite \u00e0 la suite des\nop\u00e9rations de traque men\u00e9es par des militaires UPDF et FARDC depuis\nle 20 novembre dans la zone. Le 04 d\u00e9cembre 2023, des combattants\nADF auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une incursion dans la localit\u00e9 Isiro, en zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Komanda ou deux personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et 11 autres\npersonnes enlev\u00e9es.\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- **123** violations et abus repr\u00e9sentant 5 % des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s \u00e0\nFaradje en d\u00e9cembre 2023, avec une baisse de 64 cas en comparaison\nau mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec **187** violations et abus. Cette hausse\ns\u2019expliquerait par la r\u00e9apparition des barri\u00e8res sur les diff\u00e9rents axes vers\nles localit\u00e9s o\u00f9 il existe plusieurs mouvements de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers les\nmarch\u00e9s ou vers leurs activit\u00e9s champ\u00eatres pendant la saison festive\ndans les localit\u00e9s p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques des sites de Meri et Bele.\n\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 de nombreuses barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur les axes reliant les\ndeux sites o\u00f9 certaines violations et abus des droits humains, notamment\nles extorsions de biens, seraient commis par les militaires des Forces\nArm\u00e9e de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) et les agents\nde la Police Nationale Congolaise (PNC) dans les diff\u00e9rents checkpoints.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits en d\u00e9cembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**





|**Droit**
**\u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**


|**VBG**





|**Violations**
**graves**
**des droits**
**de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Lubero**|69|147|75|6|5|**_302_**|**_13_**|\n|**Masisi**|155|99|149|83|41|**_527_**|**_23_**|\n|**Nyiragongo**|31|38|22|37|0|**_128_**|**_6 _**|\n|**O\u00efcha**|326|372|180|0|8|**_886_**|**_39_**|\n|**Rutshuru**|204|80|88|17|18|**_407_**|**_18_**|\n|**Autres (Goma,**
**Walikale)**|14|10|8|13|0|**_12_**|**_2 _**|\n|**TOTAL**|**799**|**750**|**522**|**156**|**72**|**_2,299_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection dans le Nord Kivu_\n\n- Environ **2,299 violations et abus des droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection principalement dans les\nterritoires de Beni, Masisi et Rutshuru en d\u00e9cembre 2023. Ces chiffres\nrepr\u00e9sentant une diminution de 23 % comparativement au mois de\nnovembre 2023 avec 3,002 violations.\n\n- On observe une poursuite des repr\u00e9sailles contre les civils sur fond\nd\u2019all\u00e9gations de soutien ou appartenance \u00e0 telle ou telle partie au conflit.\nEn 2023, le monitoring de protection a enregistr\u00e9 111 cas de meurtres\ncibl\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Depuis octobre une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l\u2019environnement de protection s\u2019est\nressentie dans les territoires de Masisi, Nyiragongo, Rutshuru\n\n\n2\nRapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Nord Kivu_INTERSOS_UNHCR| D\u00e9cembre 2023, P. 2\n\n\n\ncons\u00e9cutivement au conflit entre le M23, d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les\nFARDC apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de cessez-le feu entre avril et septembre\n2023.\n\n\n- En 2023, pr\u00e8s de **61,344** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des violations et\nabus dans la province dont **14,020** femmes, **29,722** hommes et **17,602**\nenfants.\n\n- A Nyiragongo et Goma, on continue \u00e0 observer la prolif\u00e9ration de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des sites PDIs, entrainant des risques accrus\nde violations du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites.\n\n- La poursuite des affrontements \u00e0 Masisi et Rutshuru et des attaques\ncontre des civils \u00e0 Beni ont entrain\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements dans plusieurs\nzones de la province. Environs **162,865 personnes** se sont **d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,**\net **6,620 personnes** ont fait un mouvement **de retour** . [2]\n\n\n- En d\u00e9cembre, la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vivant dans des familles d\u2019accueil\nainsi que ceux \u00e9tablis dans les centres collectifs, ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9\nd\u2019importants besoins en assistance multisectorielle dont les plus\nprioritaires \u00e9taient l\u2019eau, l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et l\u2019assainissement, les abris, les\nArticles M\u00e9nagers Essentiels (AME), la nourriture et les soins de sant\u00e9. [3]\n\n- Il est important de noter que le manque de financements suffisants des\nclusters demeure un d\u00e9fi op\u00e9rationnel pour la mise en \u0153uvre des\nactivit\u00e9s \u00e0 la suite de l'augmentation du nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\npar les r\u00e9cents affrontements arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Rutshuru et Masisi, dans le Nord\nKivu.\n\n\n- Comme exemples d\u2019actions de r\u00e9ponses, 324 survivants des incidents\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s vers des services de prise en charge : 163 survivants des\ncoups et blessures ont re\u00e7u les soins m\u00e9dicaux et 28 ont eu un\naccompagnement psychologique. Sur 133 survivants de VBG, 92 ont\n\n\n3 [https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/analyse_sur_la_situation_de_protection_nk_crise_m23_231228.pdf)\n[01/analyse_sur_la_situation_de_protection_nk_crise_m23_231228.pdf](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/analyse_sur_la_situation_de_protection_nk_crise_m23_231228.pdf)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nre\u00e7u le kit PEP et soins m\u00e9dicaux, 2 ont re\u00e7u les soins m\u00e9dicaux sans\nKit PEP et 32 ont re\u00e7u l\u2019accompagnement psychologique.4\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- 39% des violations et abus des droits humain commis dans la province\nl\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dans le territoire de Beni, essentiellement par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF.\n\n\n- Le red\u00e9ploiement des militaires FARDC sur les axes Mbau-Kamango et\nO\u00efcha-Eringeti vers l\u2019Ituri et vers les zones de combats contre le M23 \u00e0\nRutshuru cr\u00e9e un vide s\u00e9curitaire qui explique l\u2019augmentation de cas de\nviolences et abus des droits humains rapportes dans la p\u00e9riode.\n\n\nDes mouvements des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF d\u2019Ituri vers les zones de sant\u00e9\nd\u2019O\u00efcha, Kamango et Mutwanga, au Nord Kivu. Depuis octobre 2023,\nces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF continuent d\u2019attaquer des civils dans ces zones et le\nrenforcement de leurs anciens bastions risque d\u2019accroitre la violence\ncontre les civils dans le territoire de Beni.\n\n\n- On rel\u00e8ve que les ADF proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des attaques r\u00e9currentes sur les\nagriculteurs, soit pour le pillage de produits comme le cacao, soit pour\n\u00e9viter que les agriculteurs communiquent avec les autorit\u00e9s sur les\nmouvements de leurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments.\n\n\nDeux groupements limitrophes avec l\u2019Ituri (groupement Batangi-Mbau et\nBabumba-Kisiki) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus affect\u00e9s par les attaques d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments\nADF avec respectivement 35 morts et 15 morts.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Apr\u00e8s le retrait des militaires des forces d'intervention de la Communaut\u00e9\nd'Afrique de l'Est (EACRF) le 8 d\u00e9cembre, les combats entre le M23 et\nd\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et des forces des FARDC se sont intensifi\u00e9s et\nont entrain\u00e9 des abus, des repr\u00e9sailles contre des civils et des\nd\u00e9placements massifs.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 l\u2019accord de cessez-le-feu entre les bellig\u00e9rants pour 72h \u00e0 partir\ndu 11 d\u00e9cembre, suivi d\u2019une prolongation de deux semaines, quelques\naffrontements entre le M23 et d\u2019autres acteurs non-\u00e9tatiques ont repris.\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 23 d\u00e9cembre, des affrontements entre le M23 et\n\n\n4 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Nord Kivu_INTERSOS_UNHCR| D\u00e9cembre 2023, P.8\n\n\n\nautres groupes arm\u00e9s dans plusieurs villages des groupements\nMupfunyi-Shanga et Mupfunyi Karuba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9s.\n\n- Au moins 11 attaques auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre contre 18\nattaques en novembre. Ces attaques ont entrain\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements\nainsi que des morts (25) et blessures civils (121).\n\n- L\u2019implication des acteurs arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques dans le conflit entraine\ndes abus de droits humains par ceux-ci : taxes ill\u00e9gales, incursions,\nembuscades et autres formes d\u2019abus.\n\n\nAu centre de Masisi, des groupes arm\u00e9s auraient men\u00e9 au moins 11\nincursions dans les sites PDIs, entrainant le pillage des biens et de\nl\u2019argent. Ainsi, au cours du dernier trimestre 49 incursions dans les sites\nde PDIs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Une relative accalmie a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e par suite du transfert des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\ndu M23 vers le territoire de Masisi pour renforcer les affrontements contre\nd\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC.\n\n- 2 affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s pour le mois de d\u00e9cembre\ncomparativement \u00e0 11 affrontements le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.\n\n\n- Les deux affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 Kamena et Kabizo, au sud\nde Rutshuru et l\u2019incendie de 4 maisons appartenant \u00e0 des personnes\naccus\u00e9es d\u2019avoir des liens avec des groupes rivaux a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9. On\nnote \u00e9galement le d\u00e9placement de 107 m\u00e9nages de Kamena vers\nKanyatsi.\n\n- On note \u00e9galement l\u2019accentuation de taxes ill\u00e9gales par les groupes\narm\u00e9s au groupements Kanyabayonga et Mutanda. Des abus auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s lors de recouvrements. Le 22\nd\u00e9cembre, un homme aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s au\ngroupement Kanyabayonga pour un retard de payement. Cette victime\naurait \u00e9t\u00e9 fouett\u00e9e dans le lieu de captivit\u00e9 et aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9e apr\u00e8s\npayement par les membres de sa famille d\u2019une ran\u00e7on de 100,000 FC.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits en d\u00e9cembre 2023|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**
|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**VBG**|**Res.**
**1612**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Fizi**|93|73|42|0|20|13|**_241_**|**_10_**|\n|**Kabambare**|6|23|6|0|13|6|**_54_**|**_2 _**|\n|**Kalehe**|106|111|112|4|28|6|**_367_**|**_15_**|\n|**Mwenga**|1111|138|118|0|28|41|**_436_**|**_18_**|\n|**Shabunda**|130|101|109|0|9|23|**_372_**|**_15_**|\n|**Uvira**|99|102|116|2|42|19|**_380_**|**_15_**|\n|**Walungu**|204|226|174|1|15|4|**_624_**|**_25_**|\n|**TOTAL **|**749**|**774**|**677**|**7 **|**155**|**112**|**_2,474_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **2,474** **violations et abus** des droits humains sur **3,206 victimes**\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es dans les territoires des provinces du Sud Kivu et\nManiema, respectivement \u00e0 Walungu, Mwenga, Uvira, Shabunda,\nKalehe, Fizi. Une diminution de **1,473 cas** est constat\u00e9e (soit **environ**\n**37** %) par rapport au mois de novembre 2023 avec **3,947 cas.**\n\n\n- La baisse consid\u00e9rable des incidents depuis novembre pourrait \u00eatre la\ncons\u00e9quence du renforcement s\u00e9curitaire dans plusieurs\nagglom\u00e9rations, dans le but de prot\u00e9ger des civils pendant la p\u00e9riode\nfestive ainsi que celle de nouvelles approches de collecte des donn\u00e9es\nqui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en \u0153uvre.\n\n\n\n\n- En 2023, environ **52,288** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par des violations\net abus dont **11,039** femmes, **38,921** hommes et **2,328** enfants.\n\n\n**WALUNGU**\n\n- Dans le territoire **624** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en d\u00e9cembre 2023 contre **852** **cas** en novembre 2023.\n\n\n- L\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s s\u2019est mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9 par des embuscades,\nextorsion de biens, coups et blessures, taxes ill\u00e9gales, pillage et\nenl\u00e8vements dans les groupements Mulamba, Tubimbi et Luhago d\u00e8s la\npremi\u00e8re partie du mois.\n\n- Des abus sont les cons\u00e9quences des attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de diff\u00e9rentes factions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 contre les villages\nBusolo, Kasei, Nyandelema et Tusani\n\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n- **436** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring\ndans ce territoire.\n\n\n- Plusieurs attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s\ndans plusieurs entit\u00e9s. Plusieurs civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s (110), leurs\ndivers biens extorqu\u00e9s (117), pill\u00e9s au cours de ces attaques.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, entre le 16 et 20 d\u00e9cembre, trois attaques attribu\u00e9es\naux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s (Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Nguvu Za Milima, Gumino et\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nEx-FNL) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es successivement dans les villages\nMugutu, Miki, Lubibi et Bichombo.\n\n\n52% des cas de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants (41) est enregistr\u00e9\ndans ce territoire en comparaison aux autres territoires de la province.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Dans le territoire **380** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en d\u00e9cembre 2023 contre 378 cas en novembre 2023.\n\n\nDes abus \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, dont des cas de viols de\nfemmes qui se rendaient aux champs.\n\n- Il est \u00e0 noter l\u2019attaque par des hommes armes non identifies d\u2019une\nstructure sanitaire du village Kirungu, le 12 d\u00e9cembre. Du mat\u00e9riel\nm\u00e9dical, des m\u00e9dicaments et autres intrants m\u00e9dicaux auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\npilles, rendant la structure quasiment non fonctionnelle.\n\n- En outre, durant le processus \u00e9lectoral, des tensions ont marqu\u00e9\nl\u2019environnement de protection dans ce territoire. Des abus contres des\ncivils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s sur le tron\u00e7on Kiringye-Lemera ou, le 15\nd\u00e9cembre, un candidat aux \u00e9lections provinciales accompagn\u00e9 de huit\nde ses partisans, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des inconnus arm\u00e9s sur ledit\ntron\u00e7on. Au cours de ce m\u00eame processus \u00e9lectoral, un candidat de retour\nde la campagne \u00e9lectorale a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 \u00e0 bout portant dans la ville d\u2019Uvira.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\nLe territoire est toujours affect\u00e9 par des effets de la crise M23 dans la\nprovince du Nord-Kivu : Entre les 7 et 12 d\u00e9cembre 2023, 1,137 nouveaux\nm\u00e9nages de 6,162 de PDIs seraient arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Minova-centre, en provenance\ndu territoire de Masisi, fuyant les derniers affrontements entre des militaires\ndes FARDC et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 autour du village Mushaki. Ces\nm\u00e9nages sont abrit\u00e9s dans des diff\u00e9rents sites collectifs \u00e0 Minova-centre et\nses environs.\n\n\nPlusieurs sources ont rapport\u00e9 sur de nouvelles vagues des PDIs, estim\u00e9es\n\u00e0 212 m\u00e9nages venus du territoire de Masisi vers les localit\u00e9s de Minova et\n\n\n5 Note d\u2019information : Afflux de nouveaux m\u00e9nages des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes venues du NordKivu \u00e0 Minova, groupement de Buzi en chefferie de P\u00e9riode : 26 au 28 D\u00e9cembre\n2023_UNHCR/INTERSOS\n\n\n\ndes villages environnants en territoire de Kalehe, au cours de la p\u00e9riode du\n26 au 28 d\u00e9cembre 2023. [5]\n\n\nLa population est expos\u00e9e \u00e0 divers risques de protection, des mouvements\npendulaires qui entraineront des violations de droits humains, pillages\ns\u00e9parations familiales, hausse de prix sur le march\u00e9 en raison de la p\u00e9nurie\nde vivre, violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre\u2026\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus de droits humains en d\u00e9cembre 2023|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**Total**|\n|**KALEMIE**|13|32|5|1|0|**51**|\n|**NYUNZU**|3|54|19|7|6|**89**|\n|**TOTAL**|**16**|**86**|**24**|**8 **|**6 **|**140**|\n\n\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2023, la situation s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9e assez stable dans la\nprovince. Ceci se reflete dans les cas de violations et abus rapport\u00e9s. En\neffet, 140 violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en d\u00e9cembre, soit **194**\nviolations en moins par rapport au mois de novembre 2023 avec **334**\nviolations et abus. Environ 87% des victimes de violations et abus sont des\nPDIs retourn\u00e9es.\n\n\nEn 2023, au moins **40,753** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations et abus\ndans la province, dont **13,761** femmes, **13,648** hommes et **13,344** enfants.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\nKayumba est tomb\u00e9 dans une embuscade tendue par quatre combattants\nMa\u00ef-Ma\u00ef de la faction Sarma. La victime qui \u00e9tait sur une moto a \u00e9t\u00e9\ngri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9e par balles.\n\n\n**MOBA**\n\n\nDans la localit\u00e9 de Maseba la nuit du 11 au 12 d\u00e9cembre 2023, une femme\naccus\u00e9e de sorcellerie aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\ncompos\u00e9 de jeunes Bantous, appel\u00e9s les \u00ab Autod\u00e9fenses \u00bb.\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n\nL\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s affecte la population qui a du mal \u00e0 vaquer\naux occupations quotidiennes, notamment sur l\u2019axe Bendera.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2023 t\u00f4t le matin, au village Crispin sur\nl\u2019axe Bendera, 6 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9s de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et de sommes\nd\u2019argent dans une embuscade des Mai Mai Apa na pale.\n\n\nA la m\u00eame date vers Mapanda sur l\u2019axe Bendera, trois creuseurs se rendant\ndans des carri\u00e8res mini\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s par des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale qui\nleur ont d\u00e9pouill\u00e9 des vivres, des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables et des sommes\nd\u2019argent.\n\n\nDans la nuit du 25 d\u00e9cembre, des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef de la faction Sarma ont fait\nincursion dans les champs situ\u00e9s au village Kirimbi \u00e0 plus ou moins 27 km \u00e0\nl\u2019Est de Kisonja (60 km au Nord de Kalemie) ou il y avait des cultivateurs qui\nexer\u00e7aient des travaux champ\u00eatres dans leur campement. Au cours de cette\nattaque, ils ont viol\u00e9 et tu\u00e9 une cultivatrice tandis que d\u2019autres cultivateurs\navaient r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper.\n\n\nLe 26 d\u00e9cembre 2023, le chef d\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une \u00e9cole primaire de\nKisondja et son voisin, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9cole par deux MaiMai Apa na Pale qui les ont amen\u00e9s dans la brousse abandonnant la moto\nsur laquelle ils \u00e9taient sur la route. Alert\u00e9es, les FARDC se sont mis \u00e0 la\nrecherche des victimes sans succ\u00e8s.\n\n\nLe 28 d\u00e9cembre 2023, un infirmier du centre de sant\u00e9 de Kisonja sur l\u2019axe\nBendera qui quittait son lieu de travail pour regagner son lieu de r\u00e9sidence \u00e0\n\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit d\u2019un calme relatif qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 certaines\nattaques li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation de carres miniers. Toutefois, au nord lukuga en\ndeux familles de chefs de villages Musebe et Mukuwa se sont affront\u00e9s le 11\nd\u00e9cembre 2023 en raison d\u2019un conflit li\u00e9 \u00e0 la perception de la redevance. 2\npersonnes civiles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es, les habitants de ces villages se sont\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers les villages environnants. Plusieurs personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9es\npar les FARDC. Ce conflit explique le nombre de violations plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans\nla province dans la p\u00e9riode contrairement au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n- La province du Kasa\u00ef dans son ensemble connait un calme relatif sur\ntoute son \u00e9tendue. N\u00e9anmoins, quelques tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la campagne\n\u00e9lectorale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es. Les principales violations sont\nrespectivement les violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, les\nviolences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre et les violations du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n\n- Des attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es entre des candidats d\u00e9put\u00e9s le 11\nd\u00e9cembre au village Konyi dans le territoire de Luebo. Un candidat du\nparti Ensemble pour la R\u00e9publique et son \u00e9quipe de campagne ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nmolest\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Le 17 d\u00e9cembre 2023, 4 filles dont l\u2019\u00e2ge varie entre 15 et 20 ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nabus\u00e9es sexuellement dans le groupement Shamupelete situ\u00e9 \u00e0 plus ou\nmoins 30 km de Nsumbula. Ces survivantes de viol ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es par\n7 hommes quand elles sont all\u00e9es accompagner un candidat \u00e0 la\nd\u00e9putation nationale au village Kabuakala.\n\n- Le mardi 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023, dans le village Tshimanga \u00e0 44 km de\nKamwesha, situ\u00e9 dans le territoire de Kazumba, l\u2019on a enregistr\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de populations et l\u2019incendie de maisons \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une\ndispute au sujet de l\u2019argent distribu\u00e9 par un candidat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n - Le 11 d\u00e9cembre 2023 aux environs de 10 h, un conflit de limites\nchamp\u00eatres a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 \u00e0 Dibaya opposant 2 groupements dans le\nsecteur de Dibanda. Il s'agit de Bena Mutembu Kateba et de Bakua\nTshimpanga dans les villages Ndaye Mutombo et Tshikenda. Ces\nentit\u00e9s se disputent les savanes de Kabua Nkese et ce conflit li\u00e9 \u00e0\nl'exploitation de la savane pourrait engendrer des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels et\nhumains \u00e9normes si une solution n'est pas trouv\u00e9e.\n\n\n - Le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023 \u00e0 Tshimbulu (ZS de Dibaya), des jeunes filles\nmineures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9es comme t\u00e9moins d\u2019un candidat aux\nl\u00e9gislatives. Selon les informations re\u00e7ues, leur recrutement s\u2019est\nd\u00e9roul\u00e9 pendant la nuit du 19 d\u00e9cembre jusqu'\u00e0 minuit.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasai**|47|64|136|89|3|**_339_**|**_66_**|\n|**Kasai**
**oriental**|6|34|37|13|0|**_90_**|**_18_**|\n|**Kasai central**|0|29|25|23|6|**_83_**|**_16_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**53**|**127**|**198**|**125**|**9 **|**_512_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **512 violations et abus** de protection perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es, dont pr\u00e8s de\n66% dans le Kasa\u00ef, 18% dans le Kasa\u00ef Central et 16% dans le Kasa\u00ef\nOriental ; soit une diminution des violations de 64.54% dans les\nprovinces par rapport au mois de novembre 2023 o\u00f9 il y avait environ\n**1,444** violations dans les trois Kasa\u00efs.\n\n- De janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2023, **17,592** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de\nviolations et abus dont **4,829** femmes, **7,750** hommes et **4,769** enfants.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n - Le 20 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Kananga, une dame a \u00e9t\u00e9 lynch\u00e9e par des jeunes\ngar\u00e7ons rendus dans un bureau de vote. La dame a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9shabill\u00e9e et\nmolest\u00e9e pour avoir vot\u00e9 pour le candidat Mo\u00efse Katumbi.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL**\n\n - Les pluies qui se sont abattues entre le 15 d\u00e9cembre et le 31 d\u00e9cembre\n2023 ont caus\u00e9 beaucoup de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts dans la ville de Mbujimayi. Pour la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Nzaba qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus affect\u00e9e, 342 m\u00e9nages sont\nrest\u00e9s sans abri. Dans l'aire de sant\u00e9 de Dinanga, 2 enfants (une fille et\nun gar\u00e7on dont l'\u00e2ge varie entre 1 et 2 ans.) d\u2019une m\u00eame famille sont\nmorts \u00e0 la suite de l'\u00e9coulement des murs de leur maison dans le quartier\nNtambue Kasanzu.\n\n\n - Le 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023, jour des \u00e9lections, il y a eu des manifestations \u00e0\nMbujimayi contre les irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s qui auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9es dans\nl'organisation des \u00e9lections. L'institut Saint Marcel dans la commune de\nBipemba a \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9 et toutes les machines \u00e0 voter vandalis\u00e9es \u00e0 cause\nd'une fausse rumeur selon laquelle les machines \u00e0 voter seraient\ntruqu\u00e9es.\n\n## PROVINCES DE KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits en d\u00e9cembre 2023|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Provinces**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kwilu**|15|0|16|**_31_**|**_48_**|\n|**Ma\u00ef-Ndombe**|12|13|9|**_34_**|**_52_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**27**|**13**|**25**|**_65_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Contrairement au mois de novembre avec 207 violations et abus de droits,\nce sont **65** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9es durant le mois de d\u00e9cembre **[6]** dans les provinces de Kwilu\n\n\n6 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Bandundu mois de d\u00e9cembre 2023 Kadima Foundation\net UNHCR\n\n\n\net Ma\u00ef-Ndombe : 27 violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 13 violations du droit\n\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, 25 cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre. Il ressort\nune diminution de **142 violations (68%).**\n\n\n - Le d\u00e9ploiement des unit\u00e9s de la premi\u00e8re zone de d\u00e9fense des FARDC\ndans le Kwamouth pour des op\u00e9rations de s\u00e9curisation, d\u00e9sarmements et\narrestations ne freine malheureusement pas la violence.\n\n\n - Les principaux auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des violations et abus sont les miliciens\nMobondo et les FARDC.\n\n\n - De juin (p\u00e9riode \u00e0 partir de laquelle les alertes relatives aux violations des\ndroits de l\u2019homme ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre rapport\u00e9es) \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2023 **,**\n**902** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les provinces de Ma\u00efNdombe, Kwilu et Kwango. Les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense seraient\nincrimin\u00e9es dans **220** violations dont **198** cas attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC et **22**\ncas \u00e0 la PNC.\nIl s\u2019agirait pour les FARDC principalement de violations du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 (112 cas), violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (4 cas),\nagressions sexuelles (3 cas), arrestations arbitraires/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale (27\ncas).\n\n\nS\u2019agissant de la PNC, les violations commises seraient des arrestations\narbitraires/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale (19 cas), agressions sexuelles (2), taxes\nill\u00e9gales (1).\n\n\n- Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, plusieurs violations all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux\nmiliciens Mobondos sont rapport\u00e9es dans les provinces de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe\net Kwilu. Il s\u2019agit essentiellement de violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n(extorsions de biens), des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, des violations\ndu droit \u00e0 la vie et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (meurtres).\n\n\nSur la RN17, axe Masiambio-Bandundu ville, des pertes humaines et\nmat\u00e9rielles, et enl\u00e8vements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 la suite d\u2019attaques de\nv\u00e9hicules/bus par des miliciens. Le regain d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pendant\ntoute la p\u00e9riode a conduit les autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 suspendre la circulation des\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\npersonnes et de biens sur la RN17, notamment l\u2019axe MasiambioBandundu ville.\n\n\nLe 10 d\u00e9cembre 2023, des affrontements ont eu lieu entre les miliciens\nMobondo et les FARDC au village Falio dans le territoire de Kwamouth.\nSelon une source militaire, plus de 35 assaillants Mobondo ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nneutralis\u00e9s par les FARDC au village Falio. La m\u00eame source signale que\nles fiefs des assaillants Mobondo font face au ratissage des FARDC. Il\ns'agit des villages Bukusu, Minsia, Biyala, Fayala, Kimpana Mwanango,\nKinkosi 1 et 2, Kulungu Mbonga, Fayala et Fabiese dans le territoire de\nKwamouth, province de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe. 31 assaillants Mobondo ont \u00e9t\u00e9\narr\u00eat\u00e9s et achemin\u00e9s \u00e0 l'auditorat militaire de Bandundu ville pour\nr\u00e9pondre de leurs actes.\n\n\n- La cohabitation entre les communaut\u00e9s en conflit demeure toujours\nhypoth\u00e9tique. Aucune am\u00e9lioration n'est signal\u00e9e ; d'o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9\nd'intensifier les activit\u00e9s de coexistence pacifique dans la zone en vue\nd'att\u00e9nuer les tensions entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n- 4 filles et 2 femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement par des miliciens\nMobondo dans Kwamouth et la commune de Maluku. Plusieurs sources\nconcordantes dans la zone rel\u00e8vent la recrudescence des violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre dans les localit\u00e9s sous contr\u00f4le des miliciens.\n\n\nAu village Mitsheto situ\u00e9 \u00e0 25 km de Masiambio dans le territoire de\nKwamouth, le Chef de poste de l'Agence Nationale de Renseignement\n(ANR), habitant le village Mibe, a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 par des miliciens Mobondo le 2\nd\u00e9cembre 2023.\n\n## KINSHASA\n\n\n- Les zones de sant\u00e9 de Maluku II et Masina II ont enregistr\u00e9 au moins une\ncinquantaine de cas de violations des droits de l\u2019homme en d\u00e9cembre\n2023 de la part de miliciens Mobondo. [7] En effet, des sources\nconcordantes dans la zone soulignent la recrudescence de violences\n\n\n7 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Bandundu mois de d\u00e9cembre 2023 Kadima Foundation\net UNHCR\n\n\n\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre (viol et mariages forc\u00e9s) dans les localit\u00e9s qui sont\nsous contr\u00f4le des miliciens.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2023 une attaque des Mobondos a\nentrain\u00e9 un mort, plusieurs bless\u00e9s et disparus au village Mokene, dans\nle groupement de Yuo.\n\n\n- La crainte r\u00e8gne parmi les populations non seulement en raison de\nmultiples attaques contre des civils mais aussi, en raison d\u2019enl\u00e8vements.\nA titre d\u2019exemple, autour du 29 d\u00e9cembre, une trentaine de personnes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 kidnapp\u00e9es et un tracteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 ravi dans une ferme entre Dumi\net Duale (groupement de Mbankana). [8]\n\n## INONDATIONS\n\n- Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous rapport, des pluies diluviennes ont\noccasionn\u00e9 des inondations, des \u00e9boulements de terrains aussi bien \u00e0\nKinshasa que dans des provinces du pays.\n\n- Selon le communiqu\u00e9 de la r\u00e9gie des voies fluviales (RVF) du 27\nd\u00e9cembre 2023, le niveau d\u2019eau du fleuve Congo a consid\u00e9rablement\naugment\u00e9 et ne cesse d\u2019augmenter. Il se situe actuellement \u00e0 5,9. Une\ntelle mont\u00e9e des eaux n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e depuis 1961 et risque\nnon seulement de provoquer des pertes en vies humaines, en\ninfrastructures, mais aussi des maladies hydriques dans les zones\ninondables.\n\n- Dans la premi\u00e8re semaine du mois, en **Ituri**, plus de 350 familles de la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Gobu-njii (groupement Dhendo en territoire de Djugu) ont \u00e9t\u00e9\naffect\u00e9es par les inondations des eaux du Lac Albert.\n\n- Dans la Province de **Ma\u00ef-Ndombe**, \u00e0 la suite des pluies du 25 d\u00e9cembre,\ntous les sites riverains du Fleuve Congo et de la rivi\u00e8re Kwa, en\nl\u2019occurrence, Kwamouth, Ngambomi, Mbole, etc. ont connu une mont\u00e9e\ndes eaux.\n\n\n8 Caritas International Belgique\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 DECEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nA Mbole, tout l'espace habit\u00e9 s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9 sous les eaux. Les habitants\nse sont retir\u00e9s sur une hauteur dans des conditions peu confortables. De\nnombreuses familles sont sans abri. [9]\n\n\n- Dans le **Kasai-Central** une pluie diluvienne qui s\u2019est abattue sur la ville\nle 26 d\u00e9cembre a entrain\u00e9 24 morts et de nombreux d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels\ndont plus de 15 maisons emport\u00e9es, le temple d\u2019une \u00e9glise.\n\n- En outre, environ cinquante personnes sont mortes et de nombreuses\nautres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9es disparues apr\u00e8s les fortes pluies qui se sont\nabattues sur la majeure partie de la province du **Sud-Kivu**, notamment\n\u00e0 Bukavu, Mwenga, Uvira, Walungu, dans la nuit du 26 au 27 d\u00e9cembre\n2023. [10]\n\n\n9 Caritas International Belgique\n10 Bulletin d\u2019information n\u00b0 01 Inondations et \u00e9boulements au Sud-Kivu\n\n\n## LIMITATIONS\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) [) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no](mailto:lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no) ) 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fc6871a1-d584-491b-a5d5-b9b3397a690e/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_decembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_867/raw/doc_867_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_867/raw/doc_867_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3ebff3173d51499e13884225c7d6249d2029d779..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_867/raw/doc_867_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nEn novembre 2023, la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo connait le d\u00e9but\nd\u2019une p\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s politique, marqu\u00e9e par les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles,\nl\u00e9gislatives nationales, provinciales et communales pr\u00e9vues le 20 d\u00e9cembre.\n\n\nLa campagne \u00e9lectorale a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e le 19 novembre en pleine situation\ns\u00e9curitaire et de protection pr\u00e9occupantes dans l\u2019Est du pays et une\npersistance d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les provinces de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe, Kwango, Kwilu.\n\n\nLes faits marquants ci-apr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9s au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue :\n\n\n- Poursuite des combats dans le **Nord Kivu** provoquant de nombreux\nabus, des repr\u00e9sailles contre des civils et des d\u00e9placements massifs. Il y\na ainsi eu dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, une concentration des affrontements\ndans les villages qui surplombent les cit\u00e9s de Sake et Mushaki (territoire\nde Masisi) ; dans la partie sud, les affrontements entre le M23, d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC se sont intensifi\u00e9s dans plusieurs villages\njadis sous contr\u00f4le des militaires de la Force r\u00e9gionale de la\nCommunaut\u00e9 d'Afrique de l'Est (EACRF) ; dans le territoire de Rutshuru,\non a not\u00e9 \u00e9galement la poursuite des affrontements apr\u00e8s le\nrenforcement des effectifs des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans le territoire de\nNyiragongo.\n\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, la p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par le\nd\u00e9ploiement des militaires des zones de sant\u00e9 de Kamango et Oicha des\nForces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) vers\nla Province de l\u2019Ituri, cr\u00e9ant un vide s\u00e9curitaire temporaire qui pourrait\n\u00eatre combl\u00e9 par des groupes arm\u00e9s. On y note la poursuite des\nembuscades et des attaques ADF dans les zones de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha,\nKamango et Mutwanga, dont une attaque ADF de grande envergure\ndans le village de Kitshanga (Beni), ainsi qu\u2019une persistance des\nbarri\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales et campements de groupes arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs\nd\u2019abus lors de perceptions de taxes (Lubero).\n\n\n1\nRapport mensuel de monitoring de protection ITURI et HAUT-UELE | Novembre 2023\n\n\n\n\n- Au **Sud Kivu**, une baisse importante des cas de violations des droits de\nl\u2019homme a \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e par rapport aux quatre derniers mois, mais la\nsituation de protection s\u2019est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par, entre autres, des\nrestrictions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire par des acteurs armes non\n\u00e9tatiques (deux attaques enregistr\u00e9es contre des humanitaires dans le\nterritoire de Fizi), des attaques par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes arm\u00e9s\ncontre des exploitants miniers (territoire de Shabunda), des r\u00e9surgences\nd\u2019un conflit intercommunautaire (territoire d\u2019Uvira) ainsi que l\u2019exposition\ndes Hauts et Moyens plateaux et la partie littorale du territoire (Minova et\nses environs) a des risques de protection en lien avec la crise du M23\ndans le Nord Kivu. Des mouvements importants de deplacements de PDI\nen provenance de la province du Nord-Kivu, continuent d\u2019etre enregistr\u00e9s\ndans la partie nord du Sud-Kivu, en territoire de Kalehe et zone de sant\u00e9\nde MINOVA.\n\n\n- La situation de protection et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e inqui\u00e9tante sur\nl\u2019ensemble de la province **de l\u2019Ituri** et \u00e0 Faradje dans la province du\n**Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9** . Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s (CODECO,\nZa\u00efre, AND FRPI, FPIC, ADF et des bandits arm\u00e9s) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme\nauteurs de multiples violations et atteintes aux droits humains au cours\ndes attaques et embuscades contre les civils [1] .\n\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, les groupes _Mai-Mai Biloze_\n_Bishambuke_ et des _Mai-Mai Apa na Pale_ sont rest\u00e9s actifs dans les axes\nBendera et Kabimba y compris \u00e9galement l\u2019axe Kalemie-Nyunzu.\n\n\n- Dans les **provinces du Kasa\u00ef, Kasa\u00ef-Central et Kasa\u00ef-Oriental,** les\nconflits intercommunautaires, conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation des for\u00eats et\nd\u2019actes de banditisme se poursuivent.\n\n\n- Les incursions des miliciens Mobondo et leurs affrontements avec les\nagents des forces de l\u2019ordre et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FARDC) ont continu\u00e9\npendant le mois de novembre dans les provinces du **Kwango, Kwilu** et\n**Ma\u00ef-Ndombe** .\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- Les acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 environ\n**12,178** violations et incidents de protection en novembre 2023, soit une\nbaisse de **20%** par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre avec **17,157** violations et\nincidents. Parmi ces violations, il y a au moins **366** homicides, **2,654**\nvictimes de coups et blessures, **411** victimes de torture et traitements\ninhumains, **651** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **794** travaux forc\u00e9s, **492**\nall\u00e9gations viols et **335** all\u00e9gations de violations 1612. Les violations et\nabus rapport\u00e9s en novembre concernent **21,717** victimes, dont **5,668**\nfemmes, **13,749** hommes et **2,300** enfants.\n\n\n- De janvier \u00e0 novembre 2023, environ **104,991** all\u00e9gations de violations\net abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en application effective du Programme\nde D\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement Communautaire et\nStabilisation (PDDRC-S) ( _Cluster Protection_ ) ;\n\n\n- Renforcer la protection et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des civils en particulier des femmes\ndans des villages et le long des chemins menant vers les sources\nd\u2019approvisionnement locales ( _Cluster Protection et GT MP) ;_\n\n\n- Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le d\u00e9ploiement des effectifs militaires\ndans les zones \u00e0 faible couverture s\u00e9curitaires ( _Cluster Protection_ ) ;\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour la mobilisation des fonds n\u00e9cessaires en vue de permettre\naux acteurs humanitaires de prendre en charge les questions de\nlogement, terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 dans le contexte de la crise _(COHP/LTP) ;_\n\n\n- Poursuivre le renforcement des plaidoyers pour le respect du Droit\nInternational Humanitaire dans les zones concern\u00e9es par les violations\ngraves aux droits de l\u2019homme afin d\u2019\u00e9pargner les civils au conflit arm\u00e9\n_(BCNUDH)._\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|1,175 Cas de VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||||**335 Violations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des**
**all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9s aux m\u00e9canismes MRM**|\n||||**8.908 Violations du droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique**|\n||||**2,970 Violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9**|\n||||**7,894 Cas de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9**
**(extorsion des biens, incendies, taxes ill\u00e9gales,**
**pillages)**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus des droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
** la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Violations**
**graves des**
**droits de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**Total**|**% **|\n|**Aru**|40|36|2|15|0|**93**|**3 **|\n|**Djugu**|240|451|148|77|3|**919**|**28**|\n|**Faradje**|26|150|2|9|0|**187**|**6 **|\n|**Irumu**|71|276|288|70|2|**707**|**22**|\n|**Mahagi**|216|475|467|42|2|**1202**|**37**|\n|**Mambasa**|37|38|47|6|3|**131**|**4 **|\n|**TOTAL**|**630**|**1426**|**954**|**219**|**10**|**3 239**|**100**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _2 en Ituri_\n\n\n- **En novembre 2023, 3 239 violations et abus** des droits humains et\nautres incidents de protection et abus pour **7 332** **victimes (4 597**\n**hommes, 2 361 femmes, 374 enfants)** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les\nacteurs du monitoring de protection dans les territoires de la province de\nl\u2019Ituri (dont Mahagi, Djugu, Irumu), ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 Faradje dans la province du\nHaut U\u00e9l\u00e9. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentant une **augmentation de 12.46 %**\ncomparativement au mois d\u2019octobre 2023 avec **2 880** violations.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier, environ **62 606** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations\ndont **22,455** femmes, **37,270** hommes et **2 881** enfants.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- **1202 violations** repr\u00e9sentant 37 % des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la province\net Faradje, et une augmentation de 273 cas par rapport au mois\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec 929 cas. Cette augmentation pourrait r\u00e9sulter des\nattaques et embuscades assorties de meurtres, de pillages, d\u2019incendies\n\n\n2 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\net de travaux forc\u00e9s principalement dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Angumu et\nKambala attribu\u00e9e aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC.\n\n\nEn outre, la faible pr\u00e9sence des militaires des forces arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) aurait encourag\u00e9 des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs \u00e0 perp\u00e9trer des attaques contre les civils en toute\nqui\u00e9tude dans les deux zones de sant\u00e9 touch\u00e9es.\n\n- A titre illustratif, selon des sources locales, le 11 novembre, dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Kambala, pr\u00e8s de 309 personnes retourn\u00e9es, dont 120\nfemmes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints \u00e0 la construction des cases dans la localit\u00e9\nde Gotsi. Le 18 novembre, pr\u00e8s de 759 personnes retourn\u00e9es, dont plus\nde 300 femmes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es \u00e0 des travaux de construction de cases\npour le compte d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 non \u00e9tatique dans un campement dans\nla localit\u00e9 d\u2019Azimine (toujours en zone de sant\u00e9 de Kambala).\n\n\nLe 12 novembre, une incursion des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nCODECO/URDPC dans la localit\u00e9 Zengo (Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Kambala)\na entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019une personne retourn\u00e9e, coups et blessures sur\nune personne, pillage des biens et le d\u00e9placement de plus de 3 000\npersonnes qui ont fui vers plusieurs villages dans les zones de Sant\u00e9 de\nRimba et Kambala, selon des acteurs de protection.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Avec **919 violations** repr\u00e9sentant **28%** des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri et Faradje, le territoire de Djugu a enregistr\u00e9 le plus\ngrand nombre de violations des droits humains apr\u00e8s celui de Mahagi, et\nune augmentation de **61** cas par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre 2023 ( **858**\n**cas** ).\n\n\nDes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense\ndu Peuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du\nCongo (CODECO/URDPC) et du ZA\u00cfRE continueraient de porter\natteintes aux droits des civils dans le territoire.\n\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de ces deux groupes arm\u00e9s\nauraient tendu 16 embuscades contre les civils en novembre 2023 : onze\ncommises par ceux de la CODECO/URDPC et cinq par ceux du Za\u00efre.\nEn outre, ces pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables des meurtres,\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\ndes coups et blessures, des pillages, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, des travaux forc\u00e9s,\nd\u2019arrestations arbitraires, des extorsions des biens, notamment dans les\nzones de sant\u00e9 de Drodro, Jiba, Bambu, Linga et Rethy, o\u00f9 des cas de\ntravaux forc\u00e9s tels que la construction des abris dans les campements\nde pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la CODECO/URDPC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s.\n\n\nA Mangala, Nizi, et Mongbwalu, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du Za\u00efre seraient index\u00e9s\ncomme auteurs des cas d\u2019extorsions de biens et d\u2019arrestations\narbitraires.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 8 novembre, des affrontements entre l\u2019arm\u00e9e\ncongolaise et des groupes arm\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 de Libi (zone de sant\u00e9\nde Rethy) ont fait deux civils tu\u00e9s et une cinquantaine de maisons\nincendi\u00e9es. Comme cons\u00e9quences, plus de 8 000 habitants de cette\nlocalit\u00e9 ont temporairement fui vers des localit\u00e9s environnantes, Noga et\nSanduku, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Linga.\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- **707 violations,** soit 22 % des cas, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, soit une hausse\nde **6.47 %** ( **43 cas** ) par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre 2023 durant lequel **664**\ncas avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\n\n- L\u2019augmentation de cas observ\u00e9e en novembre r\u00e9sulterait, d\u2019une part, des\nincursions r\u00e9currentes attribu\u00e9es aux combattants arm\u00e9s des ADF\n(zones de sant\u00e9 de Komanda et Boga principalement), et d\u2019autre part,\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la Force de R\u00e9sistance Patriotique de l\u2019Ituri\n(FRPI) et ceux de la Force Patriotique Int\u00e9grationniste du Congo (FPIC)\nqui auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de pillage, d\u2019extorsions des biens, d\u2019arrestations\net de coups et blessures principalement dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de\nNyakunde, Boga et Gety.\n\n- A titre illustratif, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s des ADF auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une\nincursion dans la localit\u00e9 de Mungamba, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda\nle 12 novembre. Au cours de cette incursion, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nauraient tu\u00e9 04 personnes et bless\u00e9 03 hommes retourn\u00e9s.\n\n\nEn outre, le 17 novembre, dans la localit\u00e9 de Marabo (zone de sant\u00e9 de\nNyankunde) des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la FPIC auraient oblig\u00e9 127\nretourn\u00e9s (41 femmes et 96 hommes) tous des commer\u00e7ants de payer\n\n\n\nune somme de 30.000 FC chacun avant d\u2019exercer leurs activit\u00e9s dans\ncette zone.\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- **187 violations et abus** repr\u00e9sentant **6 %** des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s \u00e0\nFaradje en octobre 2023, avec une hausse de 59 cas en comparaison\nau mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec **128 violations et abus** . Cette hausse\ns\u2019expliquerait par la r\u00e9apparition des barri\u00e8res sur les diff\u00e9rents axes vers\nles localit\u00e9s o\u00f9 il existe plusieurs mouvements de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers les\nchamps pour des activit\u00e9s champ\u00eatres ainsi que vers l\u2019axe conduisant au\nle march\u00e9 frontalier de Libogo \u00e0 PK-18. Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s seraient victimes\nd\u2019extorsions \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents check-points.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**





|**Droit**
**\u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**


|**VBG**





|**Violations**
**graves**
**des droits**
**de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Lubero**|113|91|75|8|5|**_292_**|**_10_**|\n|**Masisi**|215|225|310|113|69|**_932_**|**_31_**|\n|**Nyiragongo**|66|108|93|72|0|**_339_**|**_11_**|\n|**O\u00efcha**|242|352|157|9|14|**_774_**|**_26_**|\n|**Rutshuru**|167|174|136|33|21|**_531_**|**_18_**|\n|**Autres (Goma,**
**Walikale)**|13|37|31|44|9|**_134_**|**_4 _**|\n|**TOTAL**|**816**|**987**|**802**|**279**|**118**|**_3,002_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection dans le Nord Kivu_\n\n\n- Environ **3,002** **abus et violations des droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection au cours de cette p\u00e9riode.\nCes chiffres repr\u00e9sentant une l\u00e9g\u00e8re diminution de 0.6 %\ncomparativement au mois d\u2019octobre 2023 avec 3,024 violations. Les\nterritoires les plus affect\u00e9s sont Masisi (avec 31% des cas), Beni/Oicha\n(26% des cas), Rutshuru (18% des cas).\n\n- S\u2019agissant des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG), 279 cas\nd\u2019all\u00e9gations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, parmi lesquels 77,06 % sont des cas de\nviols : Masisi (113), Nyiragongo (72), Rutshuru (33), Goma (44), Oicha\n(9), Lubero (8).\n\n- En ce qui concerne les violations graves commises contre des enfants\ndans des situations de conflit arm\u00e9, 118 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, dont\n30 cas de violences sexuelles, 24 cas de meurtres/mutilation d\u2019enfants\net 37 cas de recrutement, utilisation d\u2019enfants et 23 enl\u00e8vements et 4\nattaques contre des \u00e9coles/h\u00f4pitaux.\n\n\n\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, **58,300** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ces\nviolations dont **13,451** femmes, **27,481** hommes et **17,368** enfants.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Les combats entre le M23 et d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et des forces des\nFARDC et de la EACRF ont entrain\u00e9 des abus, des repr\u00e9sailles contre\ndes civils et des d\u00e9placements massifs. Au moins 15 affrontements ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s en novembre, notamment dans les villages sur la route\nKilolirwe-Kitshanga-Mweso ainsi que dans les villages surplombant la\ncit\u00e9 de Sake, qui sont pass\u00e9s sous contr\u00f4le du M23.\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 l\u2019usage de diff\u00e9rents types d\u2019artillerie et armes lourdes par\ndes parties au conflit et des projectiles lanc\u00e9s vers les zones habit\u00e9es\nont entrain\u00e9 des victimes civiles et des destructions de maisons.\nL\u2019intensification de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019artillerie risque d\u2019augmenter les victimes\nciviles et la pollution par les engins explosifs.\n\n- On note des abus li\u00e9s aux affrontements et des d\u00e9placements massifs.\nDeux nouveaux sites spontan\u00e9s se seraient form\u00e9s \u00e0 Bihambwe et\nSake ; des PDIs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans les sites et familles d\u2019accueil.\n\n- Au terme des affrontements entre le 20 et le 22 novembre 2023 dans les\ngroupements de Bashali-Kaembe, Bashali Mukoto, on a enregistr\u00e9 10\nmorts de civils, 40 maisons pill\u00e9es, les d\u00e9placements d\u2019environ 1 120\nm\u00e9nages retourn\u00e9s vers Sake, Mushaki et Shasha les 20 et 21\nnovembre ; le 22 novembre des d\u00e9placements d\u2019environ 7 079 m\u00e9nages,\ndont 1 607 m\u00e9nages vers l\u2019H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Mweso et 5\n472 m\u00e9nages vers diff\u00e9rentes directions.\n\n- Pour assurer leur survie, les PDIs sont oblig\u00e9es de fr\u00e9quenter des\nchamps dans les zones sous contr\u00f4le des acteurs arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatiques,\ns\u2019exposant ainsi \u00e0 des violations de droits de l\u2019homme.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- La partie sud du territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement l\u2019objet d\u2019une\nintensification des affrontements entre le M23, d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s\net les FARDC, notamment dans des villages qui \u00e9taient auparavant sous\ncontr\u00f4le des militaires des EACRF.\n\n- Le retrait des EACRF pr\u00e9vu en d\u00e9cembre 2023 cr\u00e9erait un vide\ns\u00e9curitaire qui augmente le risque de violence dans les groupements\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nBishusha, Tongo, Bambu, la chefferie de Bwisha et la progression du\nM23 vers de nouvelles zones \u00e0 l\u2019exemple des groupements\nKanyabayonga et Mutanda.\n\n- Au cours des affrontements, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 des abus, des victimes d\u2019armes\nlourdes, des d\u00e9placements de m\u00e9nages.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 7 novembre, au cours des affrontements entre le M23\net une coalition des groupes arm\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des positions du M23 \u00e0\nBambo, des armes lourdes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es. Au moins 5 personnes\nretourn\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et 32 autres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es par des\nprojectiles tomb\u00e9s dans la cit\u00e9 de Bambu. De plus, un centre de sant\u00e9 et\n9 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement d\u00e9truits par des projectiles. Ces\naffrontements ont entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 607 m\u00e9nages vers\ndes familles d\u2019accueil au Kirumba, Kibirizi et Kagando.\n\n- En outre, des repr\u00e9sailles contre des civils continuent d\u2019\u00eatre all\u00e9gu\u00e9es \u00e0\nce groupe arm\u00e9 \u00e0 Rutshuru. Un acteur arm\u00e9 continue d\u2019assimiler des\ncivils aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des autres groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux ; le 25 novembre,\n11 civils, dont 4 enfants, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans leurs champs au\ngroupement Rugari.\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO**\n\n- Plus de **3,242** m\u00e9nages de PDIs se sont install\u00e9es dans les 21 centres\ncollectifs du territoire de Nyiragongo respectivement dans les\ngroupements de Munigi, Kibati et Buvira o\u00f9 aussi, ces PDIs sont\nexpos\u00e9es \u00e0 des expulsions du fait l\u2019ouverture de cours qui se tiennent\ndans les \u00e9coles d\u2019une part et d\u2019autres part, du fait que certains de ces\nsites ou centres collectifs sont en voie d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s par l\u2019autorit\u00e9\nprovinciale. Ceci augmente la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vivants dans\nces diff\u00e9rents sites.\nEn r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette situation, le GTLTP, en coordination avec les Cluster\nProtection, CCCM, Abris et OCHA, a obtenu l\u2019implication des autorit\u00e9s\nen instituant une commission ayant pour mission de chercher des\nespaces fonciers compl\u00e9mentaires pouvant accueillir des PDIs expos\u00e9es\n\u00e0 des risques d\u2019\u00e9viction. Ceci passe notamment par l\u2019\u00e9largissement de\nl\u2019entendue du site de Bushagara. Ce processus de n\u00e9gociation de terre\nse poursuit.\n\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Les embuscades et attaques des ADF se sont poursuivies dans le\nterritoire de Beni au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, notamment dans les\nzones de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha, Kamango, Mutwanga et dans le village de\nKitshanga ou il y a eu une attaque d\u2019envergure le 12 novembre.\nEn effet, le 12 novembre, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF ont men\u00e9 une incursion \u00e0\nKitshanga, au nord-est de Nobili. Lors des cette incursion, 42 civils dont\n9 enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es par balles et par arme blanche. 2 officines\npharmaceutiques, 3 boutiques et plus de 20 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es.\nUne dizaine de civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s pour le transport des biens\npill\u00e9s dont 5 auraient r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper. Cette attaque aurait entrain\u00e9\nun d\u00e9placement massif d\u2019environ 3,787 m\u00e9nages des villages Kitchanga,\nMampopiya, Bugando, Agone, Tingba, Mulopya et Gawa vers Nobili,\nN\u2019sungu, Kahondo, Kamango, Kikura et d\u2019autres vers l\u2019Ouganda en\npassant par la rivi\u00e8re Lamia.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- **902** cas de violations des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en\nnovembre dans le territoire, soit 23% des cas document\u00e9s dans les\nprovinces du Sud Kivu et du Maniema ce mois.\n\n - Les cas de VBG sont en l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse (49 cas contre 57 cas en octobre\n2023) mails ils restent parmi les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s des deux provinces. Il y a\ntoujours une r\u00e9currence des cas d\u2019agression sexuelle dans les\ngroupements de Bitale et Ziralo durant toute la p\u00e9riode sous revue avec\nplusieurs incidents qui surviendraient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pendant que les\nvictimes se rendaient aux champs et aux march\u00e9s. Il y a des risques\nd\u2019augmentation de cas de VBG en d\u00e9cembre car des groupes arm\u00e9s\nseraient plus mobiles en attaquant des villages dans le but d\u2019amasser\ndes moyens pour les f\u00eates de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e.\n\n - Le retour de plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 dans\nles groupements Bitale, Ziralo, Buzi et Kalima. Ces groupes arm\u00e9s\nproviendraient du Nord-Kivu o\u00f9 ils se seraient rendus pour appuyer les\nmilitaires des FARDC dans les op\u00e9rations contre le M23.\n\n- Certains abus notamment des cas de viol, d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des civils et des\npillages des biens seraient attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ces groupes arm\u00e9s\ndepuis leur arriv\u00e9e dans les zones susmentionn\u00e9es. Sept attaques\nattribu\u00e9es aux hommes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans ce territoire.\n\n\n**WALUNGU**\n\n- Dans le territoire **852** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en novembre 2023 contre **901** **cas** en octobre 2023.\n\n- Des cas de pillages des biens et des enl\u00e8vements des civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s dans les villages Lukigi, Lugongo et Matale. Ces abus sont les\ncons\u00e9quences des attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de diff\u00e9rentes\nfactions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 contre ces villages.\n\n- Plusieurs attaques d\u2019hommes et groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans\nles villages Kachuba, Lukigi, Kasei, Tusani, Kikyo et Katoshila. Elles\nseraient favoris\u00e9es par l\u2019absence quasi permanente des forces de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans ces zones et la pr\u00e9sence des mines, gage de leur\nravitaillement en armes, munitions et denr\u00e9es alimentaires.\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**
|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**VBG**|**1612**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Fizi**|126|116|83|0|27|23|**_375_**|**_10_**|\n|**Kabambare**|30|88|12|0|34|13|**_177_**|**_4 _**|\n|**Kalehe**|249|311|253|17|49|23|**_902_**|**_23_**|\n|**Mwenga**|113|146|122|0|52|67|**_500_**|**_13_**|\n|**Shabunda**|259|146|250|1|15|33|**_763_**|**_19_**|\n|**Uvira**|60|205|147|4|35|27|**_378_**|**_10_**|\n|**Walungu**|303|247|248|2|32|20|**_852_**|**_22_**|\n|**TOTAL **|**1 140**|**1 218**|**1 115**|**24**|**244**|**206**|**_3 947_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **3,947** **violations et abus** des droits humains pour **5 716**\n**victimes** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es dans les territoires des provinces du Sud\nKivu et Maniema, respectivement \u00e0 Kalehe, Walungu, Shabunda,\nMwenga, Uvira, Fizi. Une diminution de **4 989 cas** est constat\u00e9e (soit\n**environ 55** %) par rapport au mois de septembre 2023 avec **8 949 cas** .\n\n\n- Parmi les raisons de la baisse consid\u00e9rable des incidents, il pourrait y\navoir : Le red\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des Forces arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC), dans les groupements de\nBitale, Kalonge et dans les Hauts Plateaux de Numbi/Kalehe ; le\nrenforcement de plusieurs positions des militaires des FARDC dans\ncertaines zones telles que Point Zero et Tuwetuwe/Mwenga et des\nop\u00e9rations des FARDC lanc\u00e9es contre trois factions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 \u00e0\nWalungu, emp\u00eachant le mouvement de ces factions arm\u00e9es vers les\nterritoires de Shabunda et Mwenga.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, **49 092** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ces\nviolations dont **10 204** femmes, **36 757** hommes et **2 121** enfants.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n\n- Dans le territoire **763** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en octobre 2023 contre **1 305** **cas** en octobre 2023.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 une augmentation des actes de violence attribu\u00e9s aux\nhommes et factions des groupes arm\u00e9s contre des civils dans des\nvillages et dans certaines entit\u00e9s d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re.\n\n- Au moins 6 Attaques attribu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une faction d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 local ont successivement \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites \u00e0 Katela, Peluze, Bibunga,\nKakamba, Nyabalube Kooze et villages environnants au cours de la\np\u00e9riode du 02 au 18 octobre 2023. Cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces attaques, 08\nfemmes PDIs avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement sur le chemin qui m\u00e8ne\nvers un champ, 06 hommes ont subi une bastonnade, des biens de\nm\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s syst\u00e9matiquement. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les sources\ncontact\u00e9es pr\u00e8s de 4,281 m\u00e9nages avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9s \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer.\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 des affrontements entre les militaires FARDC, et des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 du 1 au 3 octobre, \u00e0 Ilundu et Kalingi dans\nle secteur d\u2019Itombwe. Cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces affrontements, 105\nm\u00e9nages se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers le village Mikenge.\n\n- Du 1 [er] au 2 octobre 2023, certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient\nsuccessivement attaqu\u00e9 les villages Nyabalume, Kilamba, Pelouse et\nKashilembo. 117 m\u00e9nages se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Katundu, Kigalama\net Ngando, plusieurs biens constitu\u00e9s du b\u00e9tail auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s dans\ntreize m\u00e9nages, et quatre ponts auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits par ces hommes\narm\u00e9s.\n\n- A la fin du mois, le 26 octobre 2023, de violents affrontements entre\ngroupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Makutano, Bakura et Malingi, dans le groupement de\nBasimukindje 1 [er], auraient forc\u00e9 plus de 241 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement\nvers Tabunde, Mikenge et dans la brousse. Par crainte d\u2019autres\naffrontements, les PDIs ne sont pas retourn\u00e9es dans leur lieu habituel de\nr\u00e9sidence. Leur pr\u00e9sence sur les lieux de d\u00e9placement laisserait\nentrevoir le risque de recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9gatives de survie pour\nles femmes et filles, des cas de vol dans le champ, et pourrait susciter\ndes probl\u00e8mes de cohabitation pacifique entre ces personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes et les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes.\n\n\n\nParall\u00e8lement, certains de ces hommes arm\u00e9s sus \u00e9voqu\u00e9s auraient\nattaqu\u00e9 la structure m\u00e9dicale de Bakura, village du groupement de\nBasimunyaka, le 29 octobre 2023 dans le but de piller des intrants\nm\u00e9dicaux pour vraisemblablement soigner certains de leurs bless\u00e9s.\n\n\nD\u2019autres attaques similaires attribu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es \u00e0 Kalingi et Makina le 31 octobre 2023.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Dans le territoire **378** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en octobre 2023 contre **1 711** **cas** en octobre 2023.\n\n- La r\u00e9surgence d\u2019un conflit de pouvoir coutumier entre deux\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales au village Bwegera depuis le d\u00e9but du mois sous\nrevue. Des leaders de ces deux communaut\u00e9s se r\u00e9clameraient le droit\nde percevoir des taxes et autres redevances coutumi\u00e8res dans ce\nvillage. Les \u00e9chauffour\u00e9es opposant des membres de ces deux\ncommunaut\u00e9s ont eu comme bilan le meurtre de quatre civils et onze\nautres gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9s. En outre, un b\u00e2timent administratif a \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9truit et des sources locales avaient indiqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019une\ncentaine de m\u00e9nages des villages Bwegera, Nyamirembe Ier et IIe,\nKisozi et Murunga vers le village Luvungi.\n\n- Par ailleurs, des hommes arm\u00e9s ont multipli\u00e9 leurs attaques dans les\nHauts et Moyens Plateaux, et dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi, affectant ainsi\nde nombreux cultivateurs et des \u00e9leveurs. A titre d\u2019illustration, le 17\nnovembre 2023, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient conduit une\nincursion \u00e0 Kalonge, au sud-est d\u2019Uvira. Ils ont pill\u00e9 une vingtaine de\nvaches et divers biens. 157 m\u00e9nages de Kitu, Gomba et Kagomba\ns\u2019\u00e9taient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers les villages Katongo, Kigongo, Makobola I et II.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|Conflits
fonciers|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**KALEMIE**|37|131|13|4|0|**185**|\n|**NYUNZU**|18|73|34|10|14|**149**|\n|**TOTAL**|**55**|**204**|**47**|**14**|**14**|**334**|\n\n\nEn novembre 2023, la situation s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9e relativement stable\ndans la province comparativemet aux derniers mois. Ceci se reflete dans les\ncas de violations et abus rapport\u00e9s. En effet, **334** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s en novembre, soit **565** violations en moins par rapport au mois\nd\u2019octobre 2023 avec **899** violations et abus. Environ 89% des victimes de\nviolations et abus sont des PDIs retourn\u00e9es.\n\n\nDepuis janvier, au moins **40,613** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations et\nabus dans la province, dont **13,720** femmes, **13,552** hommes et **13,341**\nenfants.\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n\nL\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s affecte la protection des civils de la\npopulation \u00e0 travers les impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur la vie de la population.\n\n\nL\u2019 **axe Bendera** reste une zone en proie \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 due \u00e0 l\u2019activisme des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Malgr\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations militaires\ncontre les groupes arm\u00e9s et le d\u00e9ploiement d\u2019une centaine de policiers, la\nsituation reste particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupante notamment dans les axes\nBendera et Kabimba qui, sont le th\u00e9\u00e2tre des incursions de _Mai-Mai Biloze_\n_Bishambuke_ et des _Mai-Mai Apa na Pale_ auteurs d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civils,\npillages et autres atteintes \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 03 novembre \u00e0 Lambo-Katenga (\u00e0 134 Km au nord-ouest\nde Kalemie), un _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale_ muni d\u2019une machette a \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris en\n\n\n\nflagrant d\u00e9lit de vols de r\u00e9coltes dans le champ par un civil propri\u00e9taire dudit\nchamp. Au cours du duel qui s\u2019en est suivi, le milicien a tu\u00e9 le cultivateur.\n\n\nDans la localit\u00e9 de Kibanga sur l\u2019axe Kabimba en date du 06 novembre, des\n_Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Biloze Bishambuke_ ont tendu embuscade \u00e0 un camion \u00e0 destination\nde Kabimba. Le chauffeur et son assistant employ\u00e9s d\u2019une entreprise\nexploitant la cimenterie de Kabimba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s. Les bourreaux ont exig\u00e9\nune ran\u00e7on de 400,000 FC pour leur lib\u00e9ration.\n\n\nLe 10 novembre, dans un carr\u00e9 minier \u00e0 Misudji sur l\u2019axe Bendera, ces MaiMai ont fait pareil \u00e0 une dizaine de creuseurs en leur extorquant de l\u2019or.\n\n\nLe 14 novembre 2023 dans la carri\u00e8re de Tuasadji, sur l\u2019axe Bendera,\nterritoire de Kalemie, province du Tanganyika), des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na pale\nmunis d\u2019armes l\u00e9tales et de fl\u00e8ches ont fait incursion dans la carri\u00e8re mini\u00e8re\ndu milieu, et ils ont inflig\u00e9 de traitements inhumains et d\u00e9gradants aux\ncreuseurs, les menottant, les frappant violement en vue de leur extorquer de\nl\u2019or.\n\n\nLe 27 novembre 2023, des _Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale_ ont fait incursion dans le\nsite minier artisanal dans le site minier de Mikamba (125 km au Nord de\nKalemie) et ont pill\u00e9 syst\u00e9matiquement toutes les habitations et ont emport\u00e9\ndes biens de valeur.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n## KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasai**|114|142|315|254|8|**_833_**|**_57,68_**|\n|**Kasai**
**oriental**|20|40|42|7|1|**_110_**|**_7,62_**|\n|**Kasai central**|21|208|139|97|36|**_501_**|**_34,69_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**155**|**390**|**496**|**358**|**45**|**_1,444_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n - Environ **1,444** **violations et abus** de protection perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es, dont pr\u00e8s de\n58% dans le Kasa\u00ef, 34,69% dans le Kasa\u00ef Central et 7,62% dans le Kasa\u00ef\nOriental ; soit une augmentation des violations de 17,39% dans les\nprovinces par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre 2023 o\u00f9 il y avait environ **1,230**\nviolations dans les trois Kasa\u00efs.\n\n - De janvier \u00e0 novembre 2023, **17,080** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de\nviolations et abus dont **4,677** femmes, **7,744** hommes et **4,659** enfants.\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n- Les principales violations sont respectivement les violations du droit \u00e0 la\nvie et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, les violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre\net les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n - **Le territoire de Luebo** fait toujours face \u00e0 des conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'exploitation\ndes for\u00eats. La mort d\u2019un homme d\u2019une trentaine d\u2019ann\u00e9e dans le village\nKatulu serait li\u00e9e \u00e0 ses conflits.\n\n - **Kamako :** Selon la DGM, 1,159 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es en\nnovembre par l\u2019Angola au niveau du poste frontalier de Kamako (dont\n1068 Hommes,68 femmes, 11 gar\u00e7ons et 12 filles).\n\n\n3 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nDe janvier 2023 \u00e0 nos jours, au moins 17,430 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nexpuls\u00e9es par l\u2019Angola \u00e0 travers cette fronti\u00e8re.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n - Dans le **territoire de Kazumba**, le 04 novembre 2023, le d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019un\npasteur dans des conditions inconnues a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019objet d\u2019affrontements\ndans le village Gatepa, Groupement Kabawu, Chefferie Bashi\nGhakiema, Secteur Kavula. Les affrontements ont entra\u00een\u00e9 plus de 20\nmaisons incendi\u00e9es et le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de populations.\n\n - Le 27 novembre 2023 en **territoire de Dibaya**, un conflit champ\u00eatre\nayant oppos\u00e9 le groupement de Bena Kalenga \u00e0 celui de Bena Tshiteka\ndans le secteur de Kasangidi a caus\u00e9 deux morts, deux personnes\ncaptur\u00e9es, 8 personnes gravement bless\u00e9es et des d\u00e9placements des\npopulations de part et d'autre.\n\n## PROVINCES DE KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Provinces**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Violation**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**VBG**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kwango**|8|0|0|2|**_10_**|**_5 _**|\n|**Kwilu**|40|34|28|28|**_130_**|**_63_**|\n|**Ma\u00ef-Ndombe**|31|15|9|12|**_67_**|**_32_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**79**|**49**|**37**|**42**|**_207_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- **207 violations et abus** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es durant le mois de\nnovembre **[3]** : 79 violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 49 violations du droit \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, 37 violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique,\n42 cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre. Comparativement au mois\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent durant lequel **178** violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es, il ressort une\naugmentation de **29 violations (16%).**\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- De juin (p\u00e9riode \u00e0 partir de laquelle les alertes relatives aux violations\ndes droits de l\u2019homme ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre rapport\u00e9es) \u00e0 novembre\n2023 **, 741** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les trois provinces.\nLes forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense sont incrimin\u00e9es dans **168** violations\ndont **146 cas attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC** et **22 cas \u00e0 la PNC** .\nIl s\u2019agirait pour les FARDC principalement de violations du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 (112 cas), violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (4\ncas), agressions sexuelles (3 cas), arrestations arbitraires/d\u00e9tention\nill\u00e9gale (27 cas).\nS\u2019agissant de la PNC, les violations commises seraient des arrestations\narbitraires/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale (19 cas), agressions sexuelles (2), taxes\nill\u00e9gales (1).\n\n- Plusieurs violations all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux miliciens Mobondos sont rapport\u00e9es\ndans les provinces de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe, Kwilu, Kwango.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 11 novembre 2023, 2 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es\npar les miliciens Mobondo \u00e0 Kinsele, village situ\u00e9 sur la RN17, entre\nMongata et Masiambio, dans le territoire Kwamouth (province de **Ma\u00ef-**\n**Ndombe** ) ; elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es mortes dans la brousse le 15\nnovembre.\n\n\n11 novembre 2023, au village Muwe, dans le territoire de Bagata,\n(province de **Kwilu)** les FARDC ont neutralis\u00e9 8 assaillants Mobondo qui\ntentaient de traverser la rivi\u00e8re Kwango pour aller se cacher dans la for\u00eat\nde Kwamouth.\n\n\nDans la nuit du 13 au 14 novembre, une incursion des miliciens Mobondo\naux villages Yoso et Kie (moins 27 km de Mbankana, dans la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Maluku 2) a caus\u00e9 la mort de 9 personnes et l\u2019incendie de\nplusieurs maisons.\n\n\n- Les mouvements forc\u00e9s de populations se sont poursuivis dans les\nzones. Cependant, l\u2019identification des PDIs et la disponibilit\u00e9 des\ndonn\u00e9es demeurent le d\u00e9fi majeur. Le Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des\nActions Humanitaires, Culture et Art de la province du Kwilu a tout de\nm\u00eame pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que **53,492 PDIs** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es dans sa province.\n\n\n## LIMITATIONS\n\n\n- Cet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fda7d015-0170-4e7d-8ffb-2cd42ebb874b/points_saillants-situation_de_protection_novembre_2023_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_868/raw/doc_868_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_868/raw/doc_868_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fcd7370ca32f30d0f3e584a86009b7a9ae470028..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_868/raw/doc_868_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nAu courant du mois de juillet 2024, le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection\ndu HCR et ses partenaires (d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur seulement 30 territoires des\nprovinces affect\u00e9es par les conflits en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo)\na rapport\u00e9 environ **3,930** violations/abus des droits humains, dont au moins\n**183** homicides, **928** victimes de coups et blessures, **38** victimes de torture et\ntraitements inhumains, **166** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **117** travaux forc\u00e9s,\n691 all\u00e9gations de VBG dont **263** all\u00e9gations de viols et **56** all\u00e9gations de\nviolations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des all\u00e9gations 1612. Les violations\net abus rapport\u00e9s en juillet 2024 concernent **8,927** victimes, dont **3,289**\nfemmes, **4,411** hommes et **1227** enfants.\n\n\nCi-apr\u00e8s les faits marquants enregistr\u00e9s dans la p\u00e9riode :\n\n\n- En **Ituri**, la situation de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9occupante avec des attaques\ndes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la CODECO/URDPC suivi\nd\u2019affrontements, soit avec les militaires des FARDC, soit avec des\ncombattants du Za\u00efre, provoquant le d\u00e9placement de milliers de\npersonnes ainsi que plusieurs abus et des violations des droits humains\ndans le territoire de Djugu. De m\u00eame, plusieurs cas de pillages,\nextorsions des biens, coups et blessures \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civils,\norchestr\u00e9s par les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants du groupe arm\u00e9 FRPI ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s dans certaines localit\u00e9s (notamment dans le territoire\nd\u2019Irumu) ainsi qu\u2019une hausse de la criminalit\u00e9 dans la ville de Bunia. Des\nincursions des combattants ADF ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s avec\nplusieurs violations des droits humains dans le territoire de Mambassa.\n\n- Dans la province du **Nord Kivu**, la situation de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9\ncaract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la poursuite des affrontements entre le Mouvement du\n23 mars (M23) et d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) \u00e0 l\u2019est et au nord-ouest du\nterritoire de Masisi. L\u2019intensit\u00e9 des affrontements entre ces acteurs a\nconnu une r\u00e9duction sur les autres lignes de front par suite d\u2019une tr\u00eave\nhumanitaire qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus ou moins respect\u00e9e. Parall\u00e8lement, des\nattaques des Forces d\u00e9mocratiques alli\u00e9es (ADF) ont continu\u00e9 au nord\nde Beni et au nord de Lubero.\n\n\n\n\n- Des op\u00e9rations militaires conjointes des FARDC et l\u2019arm\u00e9e burundaise\ncontre des groupes arm\u00e9s se poursuivent dans les Hauts et Moyens\nPlateaux d\u2019Uvira et Fizi, dans la province du **Sud Kivu.**\n\n\n- La province du **Tanganyika** demeure en proie aux violences en raison\nde l\u2019activisme des milices et groupes arm\u00e9s, qui multiplient les braquages\ndans les villages et les violences contre la population civile, en abusant\nainsi leurs droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux.\n\n\nLe territoire de Kongolo a particuli\u00e8rement attir\u00e9 l\u2019attention \u00e0 la suite de\nnouvelles vagues de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans\nla province de Maniema.\n\n\n- La situation dans les provinces du **Kasai,** l\u2019environnement de protection\ndemeure loin d\u2019\u00eatre am\u00e9lior\u00e9 au regard des persistances de la criminalit\u00e9\net de conflits fonciers. Il sied de noter que des zones n\u2019ont pas pu \u00eatre\ncouvertes par les moniteurs en raison de probl\u00e8mes logistiques.\n\n\n- Un regain de violences a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 dans le territoire de Kwamouth ( **Mai**\n**Ndombe** ) et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e importante dans les localites de\nKenge et Popokabaka ( **Kwango** ), ce qui a eu une incidence sur la\nsituation humanitaire de protection dans des parties de la province de\nKinshasa proche du grand Bandundu.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024** **Aper\u00e7u des violations et abus des droits pour juillet 2024**\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Province de l'ITURI**\n\n\n**Province de Haut-Uele**\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[2]_ _en Ituri et Haut Uele_\n\n- Durant le mois de juillet 2024, ce sont **989 cas** d\u2019atteintes et de violations\ndes droits humains qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring\nde protection contre **1,445 cas** au mois de juin 2024. Ces chiffres\nrepr\u00e9sentent une **r\u00e9duction de 456 cas (46%)** d\u2019atteintes et de violations\ndes droits humains, en comparaison \u00e0 la situation qui a pr\u00e9valu durant le\nmois de juin 2024.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 dans la partie Nord-Ouest\ndu territoire de Djugu, que les combattants de la CODECO/URDPC et\nZa\u00efre constituaient une menace \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la population ainsi que de\nleurs biens ; des abus des droits de l\u2019homme et autres incidents de\nprotection leur sont all\u00e9gu\u00e9s.\n\n\n- A titre illustratif, le 13 juillet 2024, un affrontement entre les combattants\nde la CODECO/URDPC et du groupe arm\u00e9 Za\u00efre dans la localit\u00e9 Pluto\n\n\n1 Rapports hebdomadaires monitoting de protection, UNHCR &INTERSOS et diverses alertes,\nnotes et Flash info recus en juillet 2024\n\n\n\n(Zone de Sant\u00e9 Mongbwalu) aurait occasionn\u00e9 au moins 13 homicides,\net entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de 639 m\u00e9nages vers Mongbwalu centre.\n\n\n- De m\u00eame, le 31 juillet 2024, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants du groupe arm\u00e9\nZA\u00cfRE ont lanc\u00e9 deux attaques simultan\u00e9es contre les positions des\nmilitaires FARDC \u00e0 Kasenyi (territoire Irumu) et Tchomia (territoire\nDjugu). Des affrontements qui s\u2019en sont suivis, 06 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes\nde meurtres par balles tandis que 02 autres, dont un enfant, ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictimes d\u2019atteinte \u00e0 leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique par blessure par balles. Les\naffrontements entre les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants du groupe arm\u00e9 ZA\u00cfRE\net les militaires FARDC ont \u00e9galement occasionne le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9\nd\u2019un peu plus de 4.000 personnes vers le territoire de Mahagi et environ\n2000 personnes dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s du territoire de Djugu.\n\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 CODECO/URDPC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nauteurs, lors d\u2019une incursion perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e le 16 juillet dans la localit\u00e9 Sesele\nsitu\u00e9e en Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Nizi, de 02 enl\u00e8vements, 1 cas de coups et\nblessures et des actes de pillage dans un chantier minier de la place.\n\n\n- En outre, dans la p\u00e9riode, plusieurs actes de pillages all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\ncombattants du groupe Za\u00efre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9\nde Mangala.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Les abus des droits humains sur les civils all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux ADF continuent\nd\u2019\u00eatre signal\u00e9es dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Boga et Komanda.\n\n\nAu courant du mois de juillet 2024, les ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables\nde 16 homicides, 4 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, et d\u2019au moins 2 cas de coups et\nblessures dans les localit\u00e9s de Machongani, Samboko, Uwesa (aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Bwanasula) dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Komanda.\n\n\n- Dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Gety et une partie de celle de Boga, les\ncombattants du groupe arm\u00e9 de la FRPI auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de\nplusieurs actes de pillage au cours de la p\u00e9riode.\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n\n2 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- La p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un activisme accru des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF. En effet, dispers\u00e9s par les op\u00e9rations militaires des forces\nmutualis\u00e9es, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments seraient responsables de nombreux abus des\ndroits humains pendant leur dispersion, \u00e0 savoir les homicides,\nenl\u00e8vements, pillages, extorsions.\n\n\n- A titre illustratif, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs\nd\u2019au moins 15 homicides et de 17 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et des pillages de\nb\u00e9tails lors des attaques et incursions dans les localit\u00e9s de Nakota (Zone\nde Sant\u00e9 de Mandima), Andilongona et Andisende (Zone de Sant\u00e9 de\nLolwa). Les victimes sont essentiellement des personnes retourn\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Ces attaques et incursions ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement des populations,\nnotamment vers Biakato dans la m\u00eame zone de sant\u00e9.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 une accalmie relative dans l\u2019ensemble du territoire de\nMahagi du fait de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un bataillon de militaires des FARDC\ndans plusieurs localit\u00e9s de la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Aungba. Toutefois, des\ncas d\u2019extorsions des biens et des coups et blessures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0\ncertains militaires des FARDC.\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\nEn juillet 2024, environ **818** incidents de protection et violations/abus des\ndroits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de\nprotection. Une r\u00e9duction de plus de 28% a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e par rapport au mois\nde juin avec 1,141 cas. Cette \u2018apparente\u2019 baisse est cons\u00e9cutive, entre\nautres, \u00e0 la relocalisation de certains membres du personnel appuyant le\nmonitoring de protection sur le terrain du fait de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n**BENI**\n\n- Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF continuent de mener des incursions dans diff\u00e9rents\nvillages dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha. Ceux-ci auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs, lors\ndes multiples incursions signal\u00e9es entre le 06 et le 15 juillet d\u2019au moins\n18 homicides, d\u2019un (1) cas de coups et blessures, d\u2019une dizaine\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements, de l\u2019incendie d\u2019une habitation ainsi que du pillage de\nb\u00e9tails, des produits agricoles et de 2 motos.\n\n- Le 9 juillet 2024, UNMAS a enregistr\u00e9 un engin explosif improvis\u00e9 (EEI),\nrapport\u00e9 par le bureau T2 des FARDC \u00e0 Beni. L\u2019EEI a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert lors\nd\u2019une patrouille \u00e0 la suite du passage des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es\n(ADF) dans le village de Mangdomu, au Nord-Kivu. [3]\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- En d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, l\u2019occupation des zones d\u2019accueil des PDIs par le\nM23 aurait pouss\u00e9 environ 18,431 m\u00e9nages de 92,095 personnes \u00e0\neffectuer un mouvement de retour vers leurs milieux de provenance.\n\n\n- Plusieurs abus des droits humains et autres incidents de protection\nall\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux acteurs arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans la zone,\nnotamment le pillage du centre de sant\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence KanyabayongaRebois le 1 [er] juillet.\n\n\n- Les d\u00e9placements massifs des populations \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019occupation des\nzones d\u2019accueil des PDIs par le M23 se sont poursuivis, particuli\u00e8rement\ndans le sud de Lubero o\u00f9au moins 724 m\u00e9nages en d\u00e9placement \u00e0\nKayna, Kirumba, Kaseghe, Kanyabayonga et Miriki se sont sentis dans\nl\u2019obligation de retourner dans leurs zones de provenance respectives,\ns\u2019ajoutant ainsi aux 18,431 m\u00e9nages d\u00e9j\u00e0 retourn\u00e9s dans ces m\u00eames\nzones.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 Factsheet Lutte antimines juillet 2024\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\nCes retourn\u00e9s expriment d\u2019importants besoins en assistance humanitaire\nmultisectorielle.\n\n\n- Le 22 juillet, dans la localit\u00e9 Ombole (groupement Bareja), \u00e0 la suite\nd\u2019une incursion de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF, au moins 2 civils auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s, 40 autres personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es, 22 maisons et\nboutiques auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es, environ 356 m\u00e9nages de diff\u00e9rents\nvillages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9ventivement vers les familles d\u2019accueil dans\nla ville de Butembo, se joignant \u00e0 environ 587 m\u00e9nages qui avaient fui\ndes affrontements en d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode.\n\n\nLes besoins humanitaires de tous ces m\u00e9nages se sont trouv\u00e9s accrus\n\u00e0 la suite de cette nouvelle vague de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Des actes de pillage ciblant les structures sanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au\ncours des mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents continuent d\u2019\u00eatre document\u00e9s dans la zone.\nLe 1 [er] juillet, les m\u00e9dicaments et mat\u00e9riels de la structure sanitaire Majagi\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s par des acteurs arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Dans les zones de combats, les incidents r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019utilisation des\narmes lourdes se poursuivent. Ainsi, du 12 au 18 juillet, les sources\nlocales ont document\u00e9 au moins 66 bombes en provenance des zones\nde combats, causant 5 homicides, 9 cas de coups et blessures ainsi que\n6 homicides par balles perdues \u00e0 Sake.\n\n- Des affrontements entre le M23 et les acteurs arm\u00e9s (VDP) dans les\nlocalit\u00e9s de Kalunda et Tambi. Ces affrontements auraient occasionn\u00e9\n01 cas d\u2019homicide, 01 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et le pillage du centre de sant\u00e9\nde Kirumbu. Ils ont aussi entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 206\nm\u00e9nages des villages de Kahira et Kamonyi vers des familles d\u2019accueil\n\u00e0 Buchira et Lukweti. Le 21 juillet, 13 personnes retourn\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nenlev\u00e9es, au groupement Baphuna par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Des cas d\u2019incendies de maisons \u00e0 Sake par des personnes inconnues\ncontinuent d\u2019\u00eatre enregistr\u00e9s. Entre le 14 et le 22 juillet, au moins 49\nmaisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es dans les quartiers de Mayutsa Kaduki,\nBirere et Monument. Les propri\u00e9taires de ces maisons seraient des PDIs\nen d\u00e9placement \u00e0 Goma. Ces incendies suscitent des mouvements de\nretour des hommes qui veulent prot\u00e9ger leurs maisons.\n\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Des graves incidents d\u00e9coulant d\u2019engins explosifs de guerre continuent\nd\u2019\u00eatre document\u00e9s dans les zones en conflit arm\u00e9. Le 12 et 13 juillet, 7\narmes lourdes (mortiers) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts dans diff\u00e9rents champs\naux environs des villages Burangiza et Butalongola au groupement\nKanyabayonga.\n\n\nDes zones de retour au nord-ouest de Rutshuru et Sud de Lubero\nn\u00e9cessitent des efforts de d\u00e9pollution.\n\n\n- Les sources locales ont signal\u00e9 le d\u00e9guerpissement d\u2019environ 40\nm\u00e9nages de PDIs du site de Nyanzale March\u00e9 dans le groupement\nMutanda apr\u00e8s le passage de la zone sous contr\u00f4le des M23. Ces\nm\u00e9nages seraient retourn\u00e9s vers leurs zones d\u2019origine dans la localit\u00e9 de\nMubirubiru, dans le Groupement Kihondo.\n\n\n- Des actes de repr\u00e9sailles perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des acteurs arm\u00e9s contre des\npersonnes soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es de collaborer avec des groupes rivaux\ncontinuent de faire des victimes civiles. A titre illustratif, 01 homicide, 87\ncas de pillages de m\u00e9nages et 31 cas de pillage des commerces y relatifs\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s le 17 juillet dans les villages Kibirizi et Birundule.\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- En d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 une recrudescence de la criminalit\u00e9\nurbaine dans la ville de Goma o\u00f9 au moins 6 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et\n10 autres bless\u00e9s par balles par des hommes arm\u00e9s dans la ville de\nGoma et ses environs entre le 29 juin et le 4 juillet, souvent dans le\ncontexte de vols.\n\n- La violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites continue\nd\u2019entrainer des abus graves (meurtres, enl\u00e8vements, coups et blessures,\nextorsions) et des troubles civils dans ces territoires o\u00f9 l\u2019installation des\nd\u00e9pendants d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les sites a augment\u00e9 les risques\ndans la zone d\u2019accueil. Des PDIs r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 l\u2019extorsion de leurs biens\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 soit tu\u00e9s soit bless\u00e9s par des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les sites de\nRusayo 2 et 3. Des incidents s\u2019en sont suivis \u00e0 la suite de manifestations\norganis\u00e9s par les PDIs pour r\u00e9clamer le respect du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites ; deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par\nlapidation par des manifestants, une cinquantaine de huttes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9truites, un PDI du site de Rusayo 2 aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9 par balle.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois de juillet, **324** incidents de protection et violations/abus des\ndroits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 documents par les acteurs du monitoring de protection\ncontre **499** cas au mois de juin 2024. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentent une\ndiminution de 175 cas d\u2019atteintes et de violations des droits humains, soit\npr\u00e8s de 35% en moins.\n\n\nPlus de 58% des cas rapport\u00e9s ont eu lieu dans le territoire de Kalehe suivi\nde celui d\u2019Uvira (22%) et de Fizi (20%). Les PDIs et les r\u00e9sidents demeurent\nles plus affect\u00e9s par ces abus/violations commis \u00e0 69% par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\narm\u00e9s Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Dans le regroupement de Kalonge, des arrestations arbitraires, des\nmauvais traitements, extorsions de biens, coups et blessures, travaux\nforc\u00e9s seraient commis par des groupes d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s qui se cachent\npour ran\u00e7onner les commer\u00e7ants, causant ainsi une menace et une\nentrave \u00e0 la libre circulation des personnes et des biens. [4]\n\n- A titre d\u2019exemple, un homme de Chaminunu, groupement de Kalonge,\naurait subi un mauvais traitement en date du 08 juillet 2024. Des hommes\narm\u00e9s lui auraient coup\u00e9 l\u2019oreille avant de ravir son t\u00e9l\u00e9phone et une\nsomme de 150 000 FC.\n\n\nUne vingtaine de commer\u00e7ants quittant Kalonge pour Shabunda a \u00e9t\u00e9\nintercept\u00e9 par un groupe d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s RM Bikambi dans le village\n\n\n4 Rapport bihebdomadaire du 01er au 14 juillet 2024_PROGRAMME D\u2019APPUI AU\nDEVELOPPEMENT COMMUNAUTAIR (PADC RD Congo)\n\n\n\nChaminunu le 10 juillet 2024. Ces commer\u00e7ants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tenus pendant\ndes heures par ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, qui les ont contraints de payer chacun 15\n000 FC afin de poursuivre leur route.\n\n\n- Des femmes et jeunes filles sont enlev\u00e9s, viol\u00e9es par des hommes arm\u00e9s\nnon identifi\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019elles se rendent dans des champs \u00e0 la recherche de\nbois de chauffage. Ainsi, 6 femmes PDIs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es le\ndimanche 21 juillet 2024, pendant deux jours par des hommes arm\u00e9s\nnon identifi\u00e9s dans le groupement de Buzi ; elles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es puis\nrel\u00e2ch\u00e9es. Le 21 juillet 2024, 3 civils qui retournaient d\u2019un champ situ\u00e9 \u00e0\nKabulwa, au sud du village Bitale auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9s et enlev\u00e9s par\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- Des actes de pillages, coups et blessures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s notamment\ndans les groupements des Bamuguba-Sud et Baliga au cours des deux\npremi\u00e8res semaines du mois de juillet.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 1 [er] juillet 2024 dans le groupement des BamugubaSud, une incursion des Raiya Mu-tomboki Kafumba aurait eu lieu dans\nle village Ikeke avec comme cons\u00e9quence le pillage syst\u00e9matique de\nplusieurs boutiques, des biens, marchandises diverses.\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Le retour de pr\u00e8s de 372 m\u00e9nages vers leurs villages d\u2019origine\nMahembe, Kasanga, Misoci a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 au cours de la 3 [e] semaine\nde la p\u00e9riode. Ces m\u00e9nages avaient fui des conflits de pouvoir opposant\nune fratrie dans le village de Mahembe.\n\n\n- La situation de protection de civils qui exercent sur le Lac Tanganyika se\nd\u00e9grade en raison d\u2019attaques d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s qui cibleraient des\nembarcations motoris\u00e9es. A titre d\u2019illustration, deux attaques conduites\npar des hommes arm\u00e9s ont eu lieu respectivement le 17 et 20 juillet 2024\ndans les villages Kenya et Mwayenga. 7 moteurs hors-bord, 4 batteries,\n3 filets de p\u00eache et autres mat\u00e9riels de p\u00eache appartenant \u00e0 7 r\u00e9sidents\nde Baraka et Dine auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Une r\u00e9currence d\u2019assassinats de civils par des hommes arm\u00e9s non\nidentifi\u00e9s dans certains villages (Kagurube, Rwagaga, Kigobe, Ruvubu)\na \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9e. A titre d\u2019illustration, 4 cas avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s au cours\nde la p\u00e9riode allant du 7 au 10 juillet 2024, dans les villages pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s.\n\n- Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res semaines du mois de juillet, plusieurs\nembuscades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es contre des civils empruntant la route\nnationale 5, sur le tron\u00e7on Munywena-Kahwizi, dans la plaine de la\nRuzizi. Des hommes arm\u00e9s y auraient tendu des embuscades contre des\nv\u00e9hicules, et auraient enlev\u00e9 et tu\u00e9 des civils.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**210** violations et abus de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs\ndu monitoring de protection dans 2 territoires, soit une diminution de **246**\n(54%) violations en plus/moins par rapport au mois de juin 2024 avec **456**\nviolations et abus.\n\n\nIl apparait que le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (taxes ill\u00e9gales, pillages, extorsions) est\ncelui qui a le plus fait l\u2019objet de violation ou d\u2019atteinte dans la province. A la\nsuite de ce droit, on peut citer le droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et\nblessures, tortures/traitements inhumains) et le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (travaux\nforc\u00e9s, limitations de mouvements, arrestation arbitraire) qui sont eux-aussi\nles plus enfreints.\n\n\nLes Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef sont en t\u00eate des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs de violations. Ceux-ci ont\nintensifi\u00e9 leurs op\u00e9rations dans les deux territoires couverts par le monitoring\nde protection, soit Kalemie et Nyunzu.\n\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection \u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par de\nnombreux actes de violation des droits humains et de violences bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre commis \u00e0 l'encontre des populations civiles, en majorit\u00e9 les\nPDIs retourn\u00e9s et des PDI dans les deux zones de sant\u00e9, Kalemie et\nNyemba.\n\n- L\u2019on a signal\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations des groupes arm\u00e9s Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale,\ndes miliciens de la faction de l\u2019ex-seigneur de guerre le feu Bitonto et\nautres cas de banditisme et certains miliciens non autrement identifi\u00e9s\ndont l\u2019activisme assombrit davantage le portait de la protection de ce\nterritoire.\nA titre d\u2019illustration, du 18 et 19 juillet 2024, dans le groupement Tumbwe\nFief, Chefferie du Tumbwe, zone de sant\u00e9 de Kalemie, aire de sant\u00e9 de\nMulange, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ont commis des forfais faisant \u00e9tat de 4\npersonnes tu\u00e9es dans leurs champs, \u00e9gorg\u00e9es et mutil\u00e9es de certains\norganes (\u0153il, langue, sexe, C\u0153ur) qu\u2019ils ont emport\u00e9s. Ces m\u00eames\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ont enlev\u00e9 2 personnes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es mortes\nmortes le jour suivant subissant le m\u00eame traitement. Le chef du village\nTumbwe a signal\u00e9 que par cette m\u00eame occasion il y avait eu des\ncaptures, tortures et pillages d'autres personnes sur le m\u00eame site par ces\nm\u00eames \u00e9l\u00e9ments.\n\n\nLa m\u00eame milice a attaqu\u00e9 le village Tumbwe situ\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 18\nkilom\u00e8tres de Kalemie ville, dans la nuit du 28 au 29 juillet 2024.\n\n\n163 maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et 2 587 personnes habitantes victimes,\n3 personnes ont perdu la vie, y compris un militaire, un milicien et une\npersonne civile. La population de ce village s'est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e vers d'autres\nvillages voisins en raison de cette situation.\n\n- En date du 03 juillet 2024, se dirigeant vers le champ du village Kisonja\nsitu\u00e9 dans le groupement Miketo, chefferie Tumbwe, zone de sant\u00e9\nNyemba, aire de sant\u00e9 de Muleka, un groupe de trois milices Twa non\nautrement identifi\u00e9s, \u00e9quip\u00e9 d'une arme \u00e0 feu AK et une machette, a\ncrois\u00e9 une famille de cinq personnes dont qu\u2019ils ont violemment brutalis\u00e9\net ils ont tu\u00e9 par balle le p\u00e8re de la famille qui a refus\u00e9 d\u2019assister au viol\nde sa fille sous ses yeux. Les survivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s gri\u00e8vement par\nmachette apr\u00e8s les avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9s de tous leurs biens.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 la reprise par l\u2019activisme de groupe arm\u00e9 Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na\nPale dans le secteur Nord-Lukuga, ainsi que la pr\u00e9sence de plusieurs\ngroupuscules de miliciens Twa, qui sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs des viols et\nautres violations de droits humains.\n\n\n- En effet, la situation s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le territoire de Nyunzu demeure\nvolatile sur l\u2019axe Nord Lukuga dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Mukwaka et ses\nenvirons. A la suite d\u2019attaques et incursions orchestr\u00e9es par les Miliciens\nTwa du 16 au 18 juillet 2024. Une s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement s\u2019en est suivi\nrespectivement dans le village de Kakwala centre o\u00f9, trois (3) femmes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es et amen\u00e9es dans la brousse en date du 11 juillet par\nles Miliciens Twa de la faction Bilole Bilole qu\u2019ils ont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 le 14 juillet\n2024.\n\n\n- En milieu de mois, indign\u00e9s par la mort d\u2019un des leurs, les miliciens Twa\nse sont organis\u00e9s pour attaquer les positions militaires de Butondo,\nKahendwa et Kalima. Un mouvement de population a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 dans\nplusieurs villages entre autres, Mpanda, Ntengu, Kayuba, Sayuni,\nKabimbi, Mutunda et Kankwaka. On a compt\u00e9 environs 817 m\u00e9nages\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s soit 4 116 personnes dont 1 095 filles, 1 276 femmes, 943\ngar\u00e7ons, 803 hommes qui ont trouv\u00e9 refuge dans les villages Kahendwa,\nKalima, Kisengo et Lunga carri\u00e8re.\n\n\n**KONGOLO**\n\nLa situation de Kongolo a \u00e9t\u00e9 domin\u00e9e par l'activisme de Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef\nMalaika au Sud du Maniema (Kasongo, Kabambare) qui a caus\u00e9\nplusieurs violations de droit de l'homme (viols et agressions physiques,\narrestations arbitraires, enl\u00e8vement\u2026), dans le Nord et Nord-Est de\nKongolo, notamment dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mbulula et une partie de\nla zone de sant\u00e9 de Kongolo. Dans le Nord de Kongolo, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 par\nailleurs not\u00e9 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de milliers de familles qui s\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 environ\n135,000 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui s\u00e9journaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans la zone et dont 70%\nproviennent du Maniema.\n\n\n5 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nEn date du 18 au 20 juillet 2024, les miliciens MM Malaika, ont fait les\nincursions dans les villages de Binanga et Kavunzu, le bilan fait \u00e9tat de\n5 cas d'enl\u00e8vement, 7 viols et agressions physiques y compris les\narrestations arbitraires de chefs et conseillers de chefs. Ces derniers\n\u00e9taient venus pour prendre des forces les membres de la famille du chef\nYenga et l'on amen\u00e9 de l'autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Lwika \u00e0 Sungura, s\u2019en est suivi\nde tirs entre les hommes de Mandevu et Faux Jour, une grande partie\nde la population de Asani, Malota, Sungura s'est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e vers Ponda et\nSola dans le nord-est du territoire de Kongolo, zone de sante de Kongolo.\n\n\nLa reprise des tensions entre les factions Mai Mai Malaika ont repris le\n29 juillet et perduraient jusqu\u2019au 31 juillet.\n\n## KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Provinces Violations et abus des droits en juillet 2024
Violation
Violation Violation Violations
Conflits du droit du droit du droit \u00e0 des droits All\u00e9gations Total %
la vie et
fonciers \u00e0 la \u00e0 la civiques et VBG
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
libert\u00e9 propri\u00e9t\u00e9 politiques
physique|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf **||\n|**Kamonia**
2
18
80
80
0
111
291
19%|**Kamonia**
2
18
80
80
0
111
291
19%|\n|**Luebo**
0
2
2
5
0
6
15
1%|**Luebo**
0
2
2
5
0
6
15
1%|\n|**Mweka**
3
6
15
20
0
25
69
4%|**Mweka**
3
6
15
20
0
25
69
4%|\n\n\n**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**\n\n\n**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[5]_\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Environ **1 535 violations et abus** de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s en\njuillet 2024, dont pr\u00e8s de 50% dans le Kasa\u00ef central, 26% dans le Kasa\u00ef\noriental et 25% dans le Kasa\u00ef ; une diminution des violations d\u2019environ\nde 47 % a \u00e9t\u00e9 ainsi not\u00e9e par rapport au mois de juin avec **2, 835**\nviolations et abus.\n\n\n**KASAI** **[6]**\n\n- On note une persistance de la criminalit\u00e9 orchestr\u00e9e par des hommes,\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en uniforme.\n\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence de civils munis d\u2019armes blanches qui op\u00e8rent dans les\ndiff\u00e9rentes communes de la ville de Tshikapa, plongent la population\ndans une grande inqui\u00e9tude. Plusieurs violations des droits humains sont\ncommises par ces malfaiteurs ; notamment des coups et blessures,\ntortures et traitements inhumains, viols et extorsions de biens. Ces\nviolations ont connu une augmentation vertigineuse par rapport au mois\nde juin.\n\n\n- Un agent d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de la place a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019un cambriolage \u00e0 son\ndomicile dans la nuit de mardi 30 juin au quartier Sami 2 dans la\ncommune de Kanzala \u00e0 Tshikapa. Ils l\u2019ont ensuite poignard\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs\nendroits avant d\u2019emporter des biens de valeur ainsi qu\u2019une grosse\nsomme d\u2019argent.\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Luebo, un creuseur et ressortissant du village\nKabeya Tshinyama a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 dans une mine de diamant au village Madilu\nShamba le 08 juillet dernier (secteur de Luebo Wedi, territoire de Luebo).\nCet incident a provoqu\u00e9 des terribles violences entre les habitants de ce\nvillage et ceux de Kabeya Tshinyama, village dont serait originaire la\nvictime. Selon des t\u00e9moignages concordants, la victime aurait \u00e9t\u00e9\nabattue par des membres du village Madilu Shamba, apr\u00e8s avoir trouv\u00e9\nune grosse pierre de diamant qui aurait suscit\u00e9 la jalousie et la convoitise\nde ses bourreaux.\n\n\n6 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasa\u00ef mois de juillet 2024_UNHCR et Kadima\nFoundation3\n\n\n\nApr\u00e8s l'incident, 224 personnes dont 110 hommes, 63 femmes, 23\ngar\u00e7ons et 28 filles auraient fui le village, craignant d\u2019\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9es par la\npolice. Les uns se sont rendus \u00e0 Luebo tandis que d\u2019autres ont pris la\ndirection de Kangombe, vers Tshikapa.\n\n\nPour venger la mort de leur fr\u00e8re, le chef du village Kabeya Tshinyama\net ses sujets se seraient lanc\u00e9s dans une exp\u00e9dition punitive qui se serait\nsold\u00e9e par plus de 20 maisons incendi\u00e9es et plusieurs bless\u00e9s dans les\ndeux camps.\n\n\n- A Kamonia, un groupe de bandits op\u00e8rerait sur l\u2019axe Kamonia-village\nMpasu. Leur pr\u00e9sence inqui\u00e9terait les usagers de cette route sur laquelle\nils leur extorqueraient leurs biens. Ils se cacheraient dans la brousse et\nsurgiraient \u00e0 l\u2019approche des passants pour les braquer. Un cas\nd\u2019illustration est celui du 07 juillet o\u00f9 un habitant en provenance de\nKamonia pour le village Mpasu a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019extorsion de tous ses\nbiens par des d\u00e9linquants qui lui auraient en m\u00eame temps administr\u00e9 des\ncoups quand il tentait de leur r\u00e9sister. Un autre groupe avec le m\u00eame\nmode op\u00e9ratoire est signal\u00e9 \u00e0 Nsumbula.\n\n\n- **Kamako :** Des mouvements d\u2019expulsion des Congolais ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s ce mois : 1 368 expuls\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis au niveau du\nPoste frontalier de Kamako, parmi lesquels 1275 hommes, 61 femmes\net 32 enfants (18 gar\u00e7ons et 14 filles). En outre, 328 Congolais ont quitt\u00e9\nvolontairement l\u2019Angola par crainte d\u2019\u00eatre expuls\u00e9s : 121 hommes, 101\nfemmes et 106 enfants (51 gar\u00e7ons et 55 filles).\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL** **[7]**\n\n- Au cours de ce mois de juillet 2024, la province a connu la persistance\nd\u2019un conflit foncier entre deux groupements voisins dans le territoire de\nDimbelenge. En effet, tant sur la ville de Kananga que dans les cinq\nterritoires, une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e,\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans les communes de Katoka et Nganza o\u00f9 des\nbandits non autrement identifi\u00e9s s\u00e9vissent en visitant les m\u00e9nages\n\n\n7 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasai central mois de juillet 2024 UNHCR et\nVibosa\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\npendant la nuit les d\u00e9pouillant des biens de valeur et attentant \u00e0 leur\nint\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\n- En outre, les agents PNC et FARDC commis \u00e0 des diff\u00e9rents points de\ncontr\u00f4le se livreraient impun\u00e9ment \u00e0 des actes attentatoires \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la voirie publique et de certains axes conduisant non\nseulement vers la ville de Kananga mais aussi vers les chefs-lieux de\nterritoires et d\u2019autres grandes agglom\u00e9rations.\n\n\n- A Demba, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 pendant ce mois une recrudescence de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, particuli\u00e8rement dans la vall\u00e9e du village Bakua Lukamba\ndans le groupement de Bakua Beya o\u00f9 les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\nse sont multipli\u00e9es avec \u00e0 la solde un corps sans vie retrouv\u00e9 en date du\nle 30 juillet 2024.\n\n\n- Le territoire de Dimbelenge continue \u00e0 faire face aux effets de la crise\ns\u00e9curitaire entre les Basonge bambole et les Bena Kasasa autour de\nl\u2019appartenance de for\u00eat.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL** **[8]**\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire de la province du Kasa\u00ef Oriental est\nrest\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e par des querelles intercommunautaires, des conflits\nfonciers, mais aussi par des tracasseries de diverses formes auxquelles\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9es les populations dans certains territoires sous\ncouverture.\n\n\nEn effet, dans le territoire de Kabeya Kamuanga, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 une\nrecrudescence des actes de violences dans les secteurs de Kalela, du\nlac Munkamba et Ndomba. On a not\u00e9 la persistance des arrestations\narbitraires et d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, des extorsions des biens ainsi que des\nactes de tortures et traitements en lien avec un conflit de pouvoirs\ncoutumiers entre de pr\u00e9tendants au pouvoir coutumier dans le\ngroupement de Mulowayi. Ce conflit a engendr\u00e9 des sc\u00e8nes de violences\nqui ont d\u00e9plac\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages loin de chez eux \u00e0 titre pr\u00e9ventif.\n\n\n8 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasai oriental mois de juillet2024_UNHCR et\nVibosa\n\n\n\n|Provinces Violations et abus des droits en juillet 2024
Violation Violation Violation du
Conflits du droit du droit droit \u00e0 la vie Total %
VBG
fonciers \u00e0 la \u00e0 la et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
libert\u00e9 propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physique|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|\n|**Kenge**|0|0|3|3|2|8|3%|\n|**Popokabaka**|0|0|0|0|2|2|1%|\n|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|**Province du KWILU**|\n|**Bagata**|0|5|43|9|6|63|24%|\n|**Bandundu**|1|0|0|0|0|1|0%|\n|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**|\n|**Kwamouth**|3|4|40|36|12|95|37%|\n|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|**KINSHASA**|\n|**Kinsahsa**|0|0|36|35|19|90|35%|\n|**Total**|**4 **|**9 **|**122**|**83**|**41**|**259**|**259**|\n\n\n\n- **259 violations et abus** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s contre 189 en juin 2024\nL\u2019augmentation de 70 cas (soit 37%) entre les deux p\u00e9riodes s\u2019explique\npar le regain de violences dans le territoire de Kwamouth et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans ceux de Kenge et Popokabaka, ce qui a eu une incidence sur la\npartie de la province de Kinshasa proche du grand Bandundu.\n\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n\n9 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Bandundu mois de juillet 2024_UNHCR et\nKadima Foundation\n\n\n\nDans l\u2019entretemps, dans le territoire de Tshilenge, les b\u00e2tisseurs du\nservice national n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 maitris\u00e9s et continueraient \u00e0 se\nlivrer impun\u00e9ment \u00e0 des actes de tortures, d\u2019extorsions et vols de biens\nsans oublier les violences sexuelles au pr\u00e9judice de populations locales.\nPendant ce temps, la ville de Mbuji-Mayi n\u2019en a pas fini avec les\nbraquages nocturnes et la tracasserie polici\u00e8re sur les art\u00e8res envers les\nmotocyclistes.\n\n## PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE [9]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Le 13 juillet, des affrontements tr\u00e8s meurtriers avaient oppos\u00e9 les\nmiliciens Mobondos aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC au niveau du village\nKinsele. Le bilan officiel fait \u00e9tat de 50 morts dont 9 militaires, y compris\nles officiers. Des sources locales ont \u00e9galement \u00e9voqu\u00e9 des cas de\nkidnapping orchestr\u00e9s par des miliciens. C\u2019est le cas d\u2019une femme de\nmilitaire prise en otage avec son b\u00e9b\u00e9 de 6 mois.\n\n\n- A partir du 13 juillet 2024, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9, de nouvelles arriv\u00e9es des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rents quartiers de la commune rurale\nde Pont Kwango en territoire de Kenge. Ces d\u00e9placements seraient\ncons\u00e9cutifs aux violences arm\u00e9es qui ont eu lieu \u00e0 cette date \u00e0 Kinsele\net ses environs dans le territoire de Kwamouth (province de Ma\u00efNdombe) d\u2019une part, et d\u2019autre part, aux tensions arm\u00e9es du dimanche\n14 juillet 2024 dans le village Mukukulu en secteur de Bukangalonzo. Les\nacteurs locaux de protection signalent la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019enfants non\naccompagn\u00e9s et/ou s\u00e9par\u00e9s parmi les PDIs. Ces personnes\npr\u00e9senteraient d\u2019importants besoins en assistance multisectorielle. [10]\n\n\n- Apr\u00e8s cet incident, plusieurs autres incursions de miliciens sont\nsignal\u00e9es dans la zone. Ces derniers op\u00e8rent des enl\u00e8vements,\nmeurtres, viols et pillage. Ce regain d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 se concentre sur la route\nnationale num\u00e9ro 17 (RN 17), sur le tron\u00e7on Mongata-Masiambio (125\nkilom\u00e8tres) et Masiambio-Bandundu ville (125 kilom\u00e8tres), mais aussi sur\nl\u2019axe Masiambio-Kwamouth cit\u00e9 (125 kilom\u00e8tres).\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Popokabaka, les miliciens continuent \u00e0 semer la\nmort et la d\u00e9solation. L\u2019affrontement du 24 juillet entre ces derniers et les\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au niveau du village Ipongi a caus\u00e9 un\nd\u00e9placement massif de populations. Le village s\u2019est compl\u00e8tement vid\u00e9\nde ses habitants dont certains ont travers\u00e9 la rivi\u00e8re Kwango pour trouver\nrefuge dans des villages situ\u00e9s aux environs de Dinga.\n\n\nD\u2019autres se sont dirig\u00e9s vers Popokabaka cit\u00e9. Seuls quelques infirmiers\nsont rest\u00e9s \u00e0 Iponngi qui reste sous contr\u00f4le des FARDC.\n\n\n10 https://ehtools.org/alert-view/5391\n\n\n\n\n- Dans le secteur de Bukanga Lonzo dans le territoire de Kenge, les\nMobondos se font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement signaler, multipliant des incursions et\nattaques qui sont souvent accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, de meurtres,\nde viols, de pillages, ainsi que des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de populations.\n\n\nLes 05 et 08 juillet 2024, 3 chauffeurs de taxis motos ainsi que leurs\nclients sont tomb\u00e9s entre les mains des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s Mobondos sur le\ntron\u00e7on compris entre Pont Kwango et Mongata sur la route nationale\nnum\u00e9ro 1. Ces derniers les auraient d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9s des sommes\nimportantes d'argent, ainsi que des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables.\n\n\nQuatre habitants de Mongata auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par les miliciens\nmobondos le 29 juillet. Selon des sources concordantes, ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nintercept\u00e9s par ces derniers alors qu\u2019ils se rendaient aux champs au\nniveau de la ferme AEE situ\u00e9e sur la RN17 (en allant vers Kinsele). A en\ncroire les informations recueillies aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s et des sources\ns\u00e9curitaires locales, les victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9capit\u00e9es apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de leurs biens. Il s\u2019agit de 3 femmes et d\u2019un conducteur de\nmoto qui les transportait, tous membres de la communaut\u00e9 T\u00e9k\u00e9.\n\n\n- En dehors de la menace que font peser sur elle les miliciens mobondos,\nla population dans cette partie de la commune de Maluku dans la villeprovince de Kinshasa, se trouve confront\u00e9e aux exactions dont les\nauteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s seraient des militaires et policiers d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en grand\nnombre pour faire face aux miliciens. Ces exactions dont un grand\nnombre est attribu\u00e9 aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la garde r\u00e9publicaine (GR)\nsemblent avoir pris des proportions alarmantes.\n\n\nIl s\u2019agit notamment des extorsions des biens, des arrestations\narbitraires/d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, des coups et blessures et des \u00ab droits de\npassage \u00bb qui sont per\u00e7us ind\u00fbment par les hommes en uniformes. C\u2019est\nle cas au niveau du poste de contr\u00f4le tenu par la garde r\u00e9publicaine au\nniveau du pont Mai-Ndombe sur la RN 1. Tous les passagers des bus et\nautres v\u00e9hicules qui passent par-l\u00e0 sont astreints au paiement d\u2019une taxe\nill\u00e9gale de 1000 francs congolais. Les contrevenants s\u2019exposent \u00e0 toutes\nsortes de repr\u00e9sailles de la part des militaires.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JUILLET 2024**\n\n\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- Au cours de la mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation rapide multisectorielle (ERM)\nconduite par OCHA et ses partenaires du 08 au 10 juillet 2024 et qui a\nvu une participation active des autorit\u00e9s locales et quelques membres de\nla soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dans les quartiers Lumbu/Dima, Lumbu/Nkowa et\nLwani/Salaminta dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Bandundu [11], quelques cas de\nviolences sexuelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par la population enqu\u00eat\u00e9e ainsi\nque des cas de mariages pr\u00e9coces. L\u2019une des actions requises est de\nfavoriser l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux kits post viol aux formations sanitaires de cette zone\nde sant\u00e9 et renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des prestataires sur la prise en charge\nclinique de viol. Il importe \u00e9galement de tenir des activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention\naux VBG notamment dans les centres collectifs et Familles d\u2019Accueil\nTemporaires et de doter en kits de dignit\u00e9 toutes les femmes et filles\npr\u00e9sentes dans les centres collectifs et famille d'accueil \u00e0\nLUMBU/Dima/Nkowa et Lwani/Salaminta.\n\n\n**Bandundu & Bagata (province Kwilu)**\n\n- Dans le territoire de Bagata, le secteur de Wamba demeure le principal\nfoyer d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui touche essentiellement le groupement Kisia dont\ncertains villages sont enti\u00e8rement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des miliciens mobondos.\n\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est circonscrite \u00e0 la cit\u00e9\nde Fatundu, chef-lieu de secteur de Wamba. Le reste de cette entit\u00e9 est\nen proie \u00e0 l\u2019activisme des miliciens qui imposent leur loi \u00e0 la population,\nlui faisant subir de multiples violations de droits humains.\n\n\n- Sur l\u2019axe Kikongo-Kisia-Bukanga, un camion ayant \u00e0 son bord une\ntrentaine de passagers aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 braqu\u00e9 par les miliciens Mobondo au\nniveau du village Bonsongo le 09 juillet 2024.\n\n\nEnviron 60 miliciens munis d\u2019armes automatiques de marques AK47, de\nfusils de chasse et d\u2019armes blanches, auraient exig\u00e9 aux passagers\nd\u2019exhiber leurs cartes d\u2019\u00e9lecteur en vue de les identifier selon leur\nappartenance tribale. Toute personne identifi\u00e9e comme membre de la\n\n\n11 [https://ehtools.org/uploads/brochures/1467.pdf](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fehtools.org%2Fuploads%2Fbrochures%2F1467.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cmakangaz%40unhcr.org%7C0102b79c60a74f06a19f08dcabdf486f%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638574223051406228%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=VnB2zKhoTAV8RdX5GRyoKGAmYbmaIgez4HwhOsgLPyg%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9 Tek\u00e9 aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9e \u00e0 la machette et somm\u00e9e de\npayer une somme de 100 000 francs congolais pour avoir la vie sauve.\n\n\n**Maluku (province KINSHASA)**\n\n- Dans les cit\u00e9s et villages de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Maluku 2 dans la\nprovince de Kinshasa, les attaques des mobondos ont connu une forte\nr\u00e9gression. Cependant, les populations majoritairement T\u00e9k\u00e9, continuent\n\u00e0 vivre dans la psychose des enl\u00e8vements nocturnes et fr\u00e9quents\nattribu\u00e9s aux miliciens qui multiplient par ailleurs des embuscades au\ncours desquelles les victimes sont agress\u00e9es, d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de leurs biens\net souvent assassin\u00e9es quand il s\u2019agit des T\u00e9k\u00e9s.\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_juillet_2024_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_869/raw/doc_869_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_869/raw/doc_869_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c9d64a15e2f13bacf64aa0a782a1eea2f3a6aa34..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_869/raw/doc_869_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n## APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\n_**De nouvelles \u00e9tapes pour la paix en RDC**_\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, quelques actions entre la R\u00e9publique\nd\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le Rwanda et l\u2019Angola ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprises en\nvue d\u2019un processus de paix dans l\u2019Est du pays :\n\nLe 5 novembre 2024 \u00e0 Goma, sous la m\u00e9diation de l'Angola, les ministres\ndes Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la RDC et du Rwanda ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au lancement\nofficiel du \u00ab M\u00e9canisme de v\u00e9rification Adhoc renforc\u00e9 \u00bb (MVA-R) pour\nsurveiller la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans l\u2019est de la RDC. A noter que le MVA-R\nest mis en place dans le cadre des n\u00e9gociations entre Congolais et Rwandais\ndites du \u00ab Processus de Luanda \u00bb, pour garantir le respect du cessez-le-feu\net d\u00e9tecter les violations entre le Rwanda et la RDC.\n\nLe 23 novembre 2024, la Repr\u00e9sentante sp\u00e9ciale du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des\nNations Unies en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et Cheffe de la\nMission de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation en RDC\n(MONUSCO) a sign\u00e9 avec le ministre angolais des Affaires ext\u00e9rieures un\nprotocole d\u2019accord de soutien de la MONUSCO au M\u00e9canisme de v\u00e9rification\nad hoc renforc\u00e9 (MVA-R). Accord qui pr\u00e9voit, dans le cadre du cessez-le-feu\nen vigueur depuis le 4 ao\u00fbt 2024, le partage d\u2019informations et des rapports\nde terrain.\n\nLes ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la RDC, du Rwanda et de l\u2019Angola\nse sont r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Luanda (Angola) le 25 novembre 2024 dans la cadre du\nprocessus de paix dans l\u2019Est de la RDC et ont adopt\u00e9 un \u00ab concept\nd\u2019op\u00e9rations \u00bb (CONOPs) qui devrait fixer les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019un \u00e9ventuel\nd\u00e9sengagement des troupes rwandaises pr\u00e9sentes dans le territoire\ncongolais et \u00e0 terme ramener la paix entre les deux pays voisins.\n\n_**Poursuite des violations et abus des droits humains dans les provinces de l\u2019Est et**_\n_**dans l\u2019Ouest de la RDC**_\n\n- En marge de tous ces efforts pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment cit\u00e9s, au courant du mois\nde novembre 2024, les syst\u00e8mes de monitoring de protection ont\nrapport\u00e9 environ **7 739** violations/abus des droits humains qui concernent\npr\u00e8s de **21 332** victimes, respectivement et principalement dans les\nprovinces du Sud Kivu, de l\u2019Ituri, du Nord Kivu, du Kasa\u00ef, de Tanganyika.\n\n\n\n\n- Dans la **province d\u2019Ituri**, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 une accalmie qui se mat\u00e9rialise\npar une r\u00e9duction du nombre d\u2019incursions, attaques et embuscades des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO et du Za\u00efre dans les territoires de\nDjugu et Mahagi contrairement aux mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. Mais dans\ncertaines zones de sant\u00e9 du territoire d\u2019Irumu et dans les zones de sant\u00e9\nen territoire de Mambasa, les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la protection des civils ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n- En d\u00e9pit du cessez-le feu, la province du **Nord Kivu** connait des reprises\nd\u2019attaques et embuscades attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF,\nnotamment dans la zone d\u2019Oicha, et la poursuite des affrontements entre\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) et d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s\net les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC), notamment dans les territoires de Masisi, Rutshuru ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0\nLubero, territoire vers lequel une avanc\u00e9e significative du M23 se\nressent.\n\n- La province du **Sud Kivu** continue de subir l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s\nqui augmente l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines localit\u00e9s et entraine de\nnombreux d\u00e9placements et violations et abus des droits humains \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple de coups et blessures, extorsions de biens des civils, travaux\nforc\u00e9s\u2026\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, les situations s\u00e9curitaires et de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es d\u2019une part par la poursuite des conflits\nintercommunautaires Twa/Bantu dans le territoire de Nyunzu, d\u2019autre\npart l'activisme des miliciens Twa et Bantu, pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs d\u2019abus des\ndroits humains \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la population civile.\n\n- Une importante criminalit\u00e9 persiste dans les provinces du **Kasa\u00ef et Kasa\u00ef**\noriental ainsi que des tensions sociales alors que dans la province du\n**Kasa\u00ef Central** des conflits intercommunautaires perdurent dans les\nterritoires de Dimbelenge, Luiza et Dibaya.\n\n- Les miliciens Mobondos sont toujours actifs dans les provinces de **Ma\u00ef-**\n**Ndomb\u00e9, Kwango, Kwilu** et **Kinshasa** o\u00f9 des extorsions des biens,\ntaxes ill\u00e9gales, arrestations arbitraires, d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales et pillage sont\ncommis par ceux-ci ou par les militaires d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es sur les lieux.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024** **Aper\u00e7u des violations et abus des droits pour novembre 2024**\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Province de l'ITURI**\n\n\n**Province de Haut-Uele**\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _en_ _Ituri_ _et_ _Haut_ _Uele._\n\n\n\nEntre octobre et novembre 2024, il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 une diminution des cas de\nviolations et abus des droits humains d\u2019environ 12%. Cette baisse pourrait\nse justifier, d\u2019une part par les multiples sensibilisations des leaders\ncommunautaires sur les messages de paix, de cohabitation pacifique et de\ncoh\u00e9sion sociale entres les communaut\u00e9s et, d\u2019autre part par la pr\u00e9sence de\nmilitaires des Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC), dans certaines zones de sant\u00e9, qui aurait r\u00e9duit sensiblement les\nincursions des combattants des groupes arm\u00e9s CODECO et Za\u00efre.\n\n**ARU**\n\n- Une rencontre diplomatique entre les autorit\u00e9s Congolaises et\nOugandaises a eu lieu du 07 au 08 novembre 2024 en Ouganda sur\n\n\n1 Rapports du monitoring de protection, UNHCR & INTERSOS et diverses alertes, notes et\nFlash info re\u00e7us en novembre 2024\n\n\n\nplusieurs pr\u00e9occupations s\u00e9curitaires transfrontali\u00e8res, au terme de\nlaquelle des r\u00e9solutions finales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises, dont : privil\u00e9gier les\nr\u00e9solutions locales aux probl\u00e8mes locaux dans la gestion des probl\u00e8mes\net pr\u00e9occupations s\u00e9curitaires transfrontali\u00e8res ; renforcer la\ncollaboration et la coordination entre les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et entre les\nautorit\u00e9s dans la s\u00e9curisation des fronti\u00e8res et entit\u00e9s.\n\n- Une \u00e9valuation effectu\u00e9e au cours de la 3 [e ] semaine de la p\u00e9riode par un\nacteur humanitaire a ressorti que de nombreux villages frontaliers avec\nle Sud Soudan seraient touch\u00e9s par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 des acteurs arm\u00e9s\n\u00e9trangers. [2]\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- 49% des violations ou abus des droits humains de la province sont\nsignal\u00e9s \u00e0 Djugu qui a tout de m\u00eame connu une p\u00e9riode relativement\ncalme.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC et Za\u00efre auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nauteurs d\u2019abus de droits humains lors des incursions/embuscades, dans\nles zones de sant\u00e9 de Rethy, Bambu, Nizi, Fataki, Mangala, et Linga :\narrestations arbitraires, coups et blessures, extorsions, pillages,\nhomicides, extorsions\u2026\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 22 novembre 2024, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient fait une incursion dans la localit\u00e9 Tchele,\ngroupement Tchele, chefferie de Ndoo-Kebo, en zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMangala au cours de laquelle ils auraient tu\u00e9 par balles 02 hommes\nretourn\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s, bless\u00e9 par balles 05 hommes retourn\u00e9s spontan\u00e9s,\nincendi\u00e9 08 maisons et pill\u00e9 05 m\u00e9nages.\n\n- Dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Tchomia, des sources locales renseignent\nsur des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC qui seraient auteur\nde violation grave contre les enfants \u00e0 travers l\u2019occupation d\u2019une des\n\u00e9coles primaires o\u00f9 ils auraient l\u2019intention d\u2019installer leur campement.\n\n\n[2 https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-](http://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-)\nhumanitaire-dans-la-province-de-lituri-rapport-de-situation-no12-le-13-decembre-2024\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Avec plus de 20% des violations et abus des droits humaines enregistr\u00e9s\ndans la province, l\u2019un des faits majeurs de la p\u00e9riode est l\u2019incursion\nd\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF dans la localit\u00e9 de Mukatu, zone de sant\u00e9 de Gety, en\nd\u00e9but de mois. Au cours de cette incursion, deux personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ntu\u00e9es, plusieurs biens pill\u00e9s, une somme d\u2019argent emport\u00e9e, 104\nmaisons et une \u00e9glise ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es, 158 personnes enlev\u00e9es.\nToutes les victimes seraient des personnes retourn\u00e9es spontan\u00e9es dans\nla zone depuis juillet 2023.\n\nCette situation aurait contraint environ 971 m\u00e9nages de la population de\nMukatu \u00e0 faire le d\u00e9placement dans des localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es dans le\ngroupement Bamiuko et dans le groupement de Bukiringi, zone de sant\u00e9\nde Gety.\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Un calme relatif a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la\npr\u00e9sence des militaires des FARDC qui assurent une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et une\nprotection dans le territoire.\n\nToutefois, le territoire est le 3 [e ] avec pr\u00e8s de 20% des violations/abus des\ndroits humains rapport\u00e9s dans la province, dans les zones de sant\u00e9 \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple de celles de Kambala, Logo et Angumu o\u00f9 des cas de travaux\nforc\u00e9s, d\u2019arrestations, extorsions, cambriolages \u00e9maill\u00e9s de coups et\nblessures, pillages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et imput\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC.\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 02 novembre 2024, 18 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9pouill\u00e9es de leurs biens (marchandises, t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et sommes\nd\u2019argents) par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC lors\nd\u2019une embuscade tendue sur la route du march\u00e9 au bord du lac plus\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au niveau de la localit\u00e9 de Thezii, dans le groupement\nRuvinga, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Logo.\n\nEn outre, le 19 novembre, plus de 100 retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints\n\u00e0 des travaux champ\u00eatres pour le compte d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s dans l\u2019aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Katanga (zone de sant\u00e9 de Kambala).\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits humains en novembre 2024|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires **
|
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
Violations
graves
contre les
enfants
All\u00e9gations
VBG
**Total **|**% **|\n|
**Beni **|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|


92
226
56
0
90
**464**
**34**|\n|**Goma **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|2
44
64
1
14
**125**
**9 **|\n|**Lubero **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|47
42
35
0
4
**128**
**9 **|\n|**Masisi **|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|60
65
110
26
81
**342**
**25**|\n|**Nyiragongo **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|5
45
41
2
2
**95**
**7 **|\n|**Rutshuru **|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|69
34
53
14
32
**202**
**15**|\n|**Walikale **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|5
0
14
2
7
**28**
**2 **|\n|**Total **|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|**280**
**456**
**373**
**45**
**230**
**1,384**|\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Nord-Kivu._\n\n- Comparativement au mois d\u2019octobre, une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse des\nviolations/abus des droits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e en novembre 2024.\n\n- Les territoires de Masisi, Beni, Rutshuru, Lubero sont respectivement les\nplus atteints par les violations et/ou abus des droits humains avec\nmajoritairement des violations/abus du droits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (extorsions\nde biens, pillages), du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et\nblessures, homicides), le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (enl\u00e8vements, travaux forc\u00e9s)\net les all\u00e9gations de VBG (viols, agressions sexuelles) suivi d\u2019all\u00e9gations\nde violations graves contre les enfants (violences sexuelles faites aux\nenfants, recrutement et utilisation d'enfants).\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Apr\u00e8s une relative accalmie de deux mois, des attaques et embuscades\nattribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF ont repris notamment dans la\nzone d\u2019Oicha.\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Dans les environs de la commune rurale de Mangina, un groupe\nd'hommes arm\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant des chasseurs s'attaque aux\nagriculteurs, pillant notamment leurs r\u00e9coltes de cacao. Ces attaques\nconstituent une menace suppl\u00e9mentaire pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des populations\nlocales et leurs moyens de subsistance.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 10 homicides et 06\nenl\u00e8vements lors d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es du 24 au 26\nnovembre sur la route Mbau-Kamango et sur la route la route EringetiKainama. Cet incident aurait pouss\u00e9 18 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement vers\nEringeti.\n\n- Les engins explosifs de guerre exposent les civils \u00e0 un risque permanent\nd'explosion dans certaines zones de combats. Le 8 novembre, un engin\nexplosif de guerre aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert par des agriculteurs dans un\nchamp du village de Kinyambaore (groupement de Malambo). \u00c0 la m\u00eame\ndate, un autre engin explosif aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du village de\nMwenda (groupement de Bolema).\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 le cessez-le-feu, des affrontements ont eu lieu au sud de Lubero\nentre un groupe arm\u00e9, d'autres groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC,\nnotamment sur l'axe Kirumba-Kikuvo. Ces violences ont entra\u00een\u00e9 de\nnouveaux d\u00e9placements de populations, aggravant les besoins\nhumanitaires.\n\n- Des violations des droits de l\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans des zones en\nconflits de Lub\u00e9ro, o\u00f9, \u00e0 partir du 21 novembre, des salles de classes ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9es au village de Mathiha, entrainant ainsi l\u2019interruption des\nactivit\u00e9s scolaires et exposant les enfants \u00e0 des violences, des\nrecrutements ou utilisations par les forces arm\u00e9es. En d\u00e9pit du plaidoyer\nfait, certaines classes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es mais sont toujours occup\u00e9es en\nsoir\u00e9e.\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Les affrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 et la coalition\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s se poursuivent dans plusieurs zones du territoire,\nentrainant des violations et abus graves des droits humains, notamment\n\u00e0 l'encontre des civils et de leurs biens.\n\n\n\n\n- En outre, de graves repr\u00e9sailles envers la population civile sont\nrapport\u00e9es, les bellig\u00e9rants justifiant ces actes par des accusations de\ncollusion avec des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux.\n\n- Des combats se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s au cours de la 3 [e ] semaine du mois sur les\ncollines surplombant la cit\u00e9 de Sake avec utilisation d'armes lourdes ;\ndes obus tomb\u00e9s dans des zones habit\u00e9es ont caus\u00e9 des pertes et des\ntraumatismes parmi les populations civiles.\n\n- Par ailleurs, un groupe arm\u00e9 interdit aux personnes pr\u00e9sentes dans ses\nzones de contr\u00f4le de retourner dans leurs zones d\u2019origine, entravant\nainsi leur libert\u00e9 de mouvement avec comme risque l\u2019aggravation des\nabus et souffrances dans la r\u00e9gion. A titre d\u2019exemple, entre le 23 au 27\nnovembre, 43 chefs de m\u00e9nage \u00e0 la recherche de vivres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nbloqu\u00e9s dans les zones de Bitonga, Ngendje et Bikumba par ce groupe\narm\u00e9.\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- En chefferie de Bwito, les affrontements se poursuivent entre deux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Ces affrontements continuent d'avoir un impact n\u00e9gatif\nsur la protection des civils et provoquent des d\u00e9placements de\npopulations, exacerbant la situation humanitaire dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n- Des recrutements d\u2019enfants retourn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans des\nlocalit\u00e9s a l\u2019exemple de Bambo ; ces enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour\npercevoir des taxes ill\u00e9gales aux barri\u00e8res install\u00e9es dans la zone.\n\n- L\u2019usage d\u2019engin explosif de guerre continue de faire des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts parmi les\ncivils. A titre illustratif, le 10 novembre, 02 cas de mort dues \u00e0 l\u2019explosion\nd\u2019engins explosif ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans le village de Mugwata.\n\n- Dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les affrontements, les civils continuent de\nsubir des repr\u00e9sailles, souvent accus\u00e9s \u00e0 tort de collaborer avec des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s rivaux.\n\nDes civils accus\u00e9s de soutenir des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux oppos\u00e9s ont vu\nleurs maisons d\u00e9truites par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. De m\u00eame,\npour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDIs), le fait de rester longtemps\nen d\u00e9placement serait per\u00e7u comme un soutien aux groupes armes\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nrivaux ; plus de 161 maisons abandonn\u00e9es par les PDIs et retourn\u00e9s ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites, pill\u00e9es, des \u00e9levages emport\u00e9s.\n\n- Les \u00e9coles sont \u00e9galement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des occupations ou destructions\npar des groupes arm\u00e9s.\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 23 novembre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\nauraient occup\u00e9 une \u00e9cole dans la r\u00e9gion. Ils auraient d\u00e9truit 18 pupitres,\nutilis\u00e9s ensuite comme bois de chauffage. Cette situation pourrait\nentrainer la d\u00e9scolarisation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et l\u2019exposition de ces derniers \u00e0\ndiverses formes d\u2019exploitations.\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- Au nord de Nyiragongo, des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre un\ngroupe arm\u00e9, divers groupes arm\u00e9s, et les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) apr\u00e8s environ deux mois\nd'accalmie relative.\n\nParall\u00e8lement, la criminalit\u00e9 urbaine persiste \u00e0 Goma et Nyiragongo,\navec des cons\u00e9quences graves pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection des civils.\nDes meurtres de civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s et des coups et blessures, des\nextorsions, ainsi que des pillages de biens, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\ndans les sites de PDIs autour de Goma.\n\n- Des violations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9es. A titre d\u2019illustration, une PDI a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par deux hommes\narm\u00e9s lors d\u2019une incursion du site de Mudja le 13 novembre.\n\n- Il demeure que les positions militaires autour des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0\nNyiragongo et \u00e0 Goma constituent toujours un risque permanent pour la\nprotection des populations qui sont victimes de blessures par balles,\nhomicides, taxes ill\u00e9gales aux barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es dans la zone.\n\n- Des acteurs humanitaires ont d\u00fb restreindre les activit\u00e9s dans des sites\nen raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans des axes, dont l\u2019axe Kanyaruchinya \u2013 Kibati\nou des affrontements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre les FARDC et un groupe\narm\u00e9 les 21 et 22 novembre 2024.\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits humains en novembre 2024|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires **
|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
Violations
graves
contre es
enfants
All\u00e9gations
VBG|**Total **|**% **|\n|**Fizi **|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|
81
48
62
25
26
**242**
**15**|\n|**Kalehe **|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|137
77
71
28
19
**336**
**21**|\n|**Uvira **|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|77
62
67
1
22
**229**
**15**|\n|**Shabunda **|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|64
80
36
16
43
**239**
**15**|\n|**Mwenga **|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|91
71
115
15
29
**321**
**20**|\n|**Walungu **|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|86
35
68
7
5
**201**
**13**|\n|**Total **|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|**534**
**373**
**419**
**92**
**144**
**1,568**|\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Sud-Kivu._\n\nUne baisse des cas de violations/abus des droits humains de plus 8% a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9e par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre 2024. Cette augmentation pourrait\n\u00eatre due \u00e0 l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s qui seraient auteurs d\u2019abus de\nviolations de droits humains.\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Dans la premi\u00e8re partie de la p\u00e9riode, des cas de viols all\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u00e0 des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans le territoire. L\u2019on peut citer, \u00e0 titre\nillustratif, 01 cas de viol survenu le 8 novembre au village Nyawaronga\nainsi que 02 autres cas le 11 novembre, au village Chambombo.\n\n- Des embuscades et enl\u00e8vements, homicides, arrestations arbitraires,\nextorsions de biens des civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9s. Par exemple,\nles sources locales ont rapport\u00e9 3 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une des factions d\u2019un certain groupe arm\u00e9 le 8 novembre\ndans le village Chikoma situ\u00e9 dans le groupement Kalonge. Les victimes\nseraient toutes des PDIs.\n\n- Tout comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, le nombre le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de la province\npour des all\u00e9gations de violations graves contre des enfants en situation\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nde conflit arm\u00e9 se trouve dans le territoire de Kalehe avec 28 cas sur 92\nrapport\u00e9s.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, 05 cas de violations graves contre des enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s le 11 novembre dans le village Kalomba situ\u00e9 dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Minova. En effet, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 05 enfants parmi lesquels 03 filles et 02\ngar\u00e7ons. Les filles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es et les gar\u00e7ons tortur\u00e9s avant d\u2019\u00eatre\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9s le lendemain. Les survivantes de viol auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 orient\u00e9es vers\nun centre de sant\u00e9 au village Kisongati faute de structure sanitaire \u00e0\nKalomba.\n\n- Plusieurs violations des droits humains sont all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux FARDC et\naux Wazalendo au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue. 01 homicide all\u00e9gu\u00e9\naux Wazalendo a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 le 18 novembre au village\nMweha/Kitalimwa et d\u2019autres cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civils et d\u2019extorsions\nde biens.\n\nConcernant les militaires FARDC, 04 cas de coups et blessures leurs ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s le 18 novembre au village Rutchunda.\n\nLes FARDC auraient aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de 02 cas d\u2019arrestations\narbitraires le 09 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Minova centre. Les victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9es le lendemain moyennant paiement de 100.000 FC.\n\n- La situation de protection a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e dans le territoire par\nl\u2019activisme d\u2019autres acteurs arm\u00e9s responsables de plusieurs cas\nd\u2019extorsion, tueries, arrestations arbitraires et divers actes d\u2019extorsion\ndes biens endeuillant et d\u00e9solants les populations civiles. Au village\nBunyesi, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de Tchigoma, le 8 novembre, un homme r\u00e9sident\nqui revenait du village Karasi, serait tomb\u00e9 dans une embuscade tendue\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une faction d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 et aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tortur\u00e9 et\nd\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9 de ses biens avant d\u2019\u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les premi\u00e8res heures\nde la journ\u00e9e du 9 novembre.\n\n- Il sied de noter qu\u2019en dehors des conflits, les pluies diluviennes\naccompagn\u00e9es d\u2019inondations, \u00e9rosions ont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 les\npopulations au mois de novembre. Dans le groupement Mbinga-nord,\nune pluie occasionnant des \u00e9rosions aurait caus\u00e9 au moins 10 d\u00e9c\u00e8s, la\n\n\n\ndestruction d\u2019une trentaine d\u2019habitations ainsi que des champs et des\nr\u00e9coltes du 22 au 23 novembre dans la localit\u00e9 de Nkubi.\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n- Les affrontements entre des groupes arm\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 d\u2019entrainer des\nmouvements de populations.\n\n940 m\u00e9nages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en trois semaines \u00e0 la suite\nd\u2019affrontements.\n\nEnvirons 415 m\u00e9nages de 2.075 personnes en provenance des villages\nBilungulu, Banga, Katida, Kashindaba auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints d\u2019effectuer\nun d\u00e9placement en raison des affrontements entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s\nle 9 et le 12 novembre. Ces m\u00e9nages auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans les\nvillages Bandakila, Ibakyelo, Mwirama et Buhamba au nord-est de\nMwenga.\n\nDu 17 au 19 novembre, environ 534 m\u00e9nages de 2.670 personnes se\nseraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s des villages Ngingu, Ishungwe, au nord-est de\nMwenga et Tabunde, au sud de Mwenga vers un certain nombre de\nvillages dans les groupements de Mukangala, de Ntondo, Malingi et\nBasimunyaka.\n\n- Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient attaqu\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire de\nKitiva le 11 novembre et auraient enlev\u00e9 03 enseignants dont le sort reste\nm\u00e9connu.\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par un activisme accru de groupes arm\u00e9s, qui\nsont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement accus\u00e9s, entre autres, de commission d\u2019actes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019homicides, d\u2019extorsion des biens des civils et de viols\nsur des femmes et des filles.\n\n\nDans les groupements de Basimunyaka-sud, Balala-nord et Basilocha\ndes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Gumino-Twigwaneho auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables\nde 03 cas de viols, 08 cas de travaux forc\u00e9s et de 05 extorsions le 10 et\nle 11 novembre.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nDes affrontements entre deux factions du groupe arm\u00e9 Mai-Mai le 11\nd\u00e9cembre dans le village Lwiko (groupement Bahutchwe) auraient caus\u00e9\ndes abus des droits humains, dont 01 homicide et 07 enl\u00e8vements.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _le_ _Tanganyika._\n\n\n\nUne augmentation de pr\u00e8s de 16% des cas de violations et abus des droits\nhumains a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e entre les mois d\u2019octobre et novembre 2024. Cette\naugmentation pourrait \u00eatre due \u00e0 la poursuite des conflits\nintercommunautaires Twa/Bantu dans le territoire de Nyunzu ; situation qui\nse ressent par une augmentation de 91% des cas entre les deux p\u00e9riodes\ndans ce territoire.\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- Les situations s\u00e9curitaires et de protection dans le territoire de Kalemie\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement affect\u00e9es par l'activisme des miliciens Twa et\nBantu, pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs d\u2019abus des droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux de\nla population civile.\n\nPlusieurs abus des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re\nr\u00e9p\u00e9titive \u00e0 l'encontre de la population civile par les milices mixtes sur\ndiff\u00e9rents axes, tels que l'axe de Nyunzu, l'axe Lukombe, axe Kongolo et\ncelui de Kabimba.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, sur l\u2019axe Nyunzu, au cours de la soir\u00e9e du 19\nnovembre, sur la route Kalemie-Nyunzu, un braquage a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis sur\n13 motards et plusieurs commer\u00e7ants en route vers le site de distribution\nde cash organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Benze par un acteur humanitaire. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9\ndes coups et blessures graves ainsi que des vols de biens de valeur tels\n\n\n\nque 100 t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables neufs destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la vente, 3.000.000 FC et\n310$. 4 motards ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints au transport des butins issus de\npillages avant qu\u2019ils soient rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s plus tard.\n\nEn outre, 3 femmes en provenance de Nyemba pour y percevoir\nl'assistance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement par des bandits inconnus\nentre les villages Ngandu et Miala, situ\u00e9s dans le groupement Kalumbi,\nchefferie Tumbwe, aire de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba.\n\n- L\u2019attaque d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 contre les FARDC le 16 novembre au village\nKantenta, dans le groupement Kamena a entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement des\nhabitants de ce village vers la brousse et ceux-ci sollicitaient l'implication\ndes autorit\u00e9s et le service de d\u00e9fenses. Il y a eu aussi un mouvement de\n200 m\u00e9nages des villages Kabunga et Kizube vers Kawama o\u00f9 ils\npassaient la nuit \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile et les autres dans les familles d'accueil\net les \u00e9glises.\n\n- Sur l\u2019axe Bandera des actes de banditisme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, \u00e0\nl\u2019exemple du village Manyanga o\u00f9 les habitants de ces villages\nsollicitaient l'implication des autorit\u00e9s et des services concern\u00e9s pour\nd\u00e9courager ces habitudes.\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n- L\u2019on note la poursuite de conflits intercommunautaires entre les Twa et\nBantu en d\u00e9pit de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la situation de protection \u00e0 la suite\ndes op\u00e9rations de traques de groupes arm\u00e9s et des efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par\nles autorit\u00e9s avec l\u2019appui des acteurs humanitaire pour renforcer la\ncohabitation pacifique entre les communaut\u00e9s Twa et Bantu.\n\n- En outre, depuis la mort d\u2019un leader Twa en octobre 2024, une psychose\nr\u00e8gne sur l\u2019axe Nord avec un mouvement pr\u00e9ventif de la population du\nvillage Kilwa 1, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un champ de bataille des miliciens,\nvers le site de Kalombo.\n\nCette situation continue d\u2019impacter n\u00e9gativement une partie de l\u2019axe\nnord. A Mukundi par exemple, dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Mukundi, zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Nyunzu, un pillage d\u2019un camion de commer\u00e7ants a \u00e9t\u00e9\norchestr\u00e9 pr\u00e8s du village Mubimbe le 17 novembre causant ainsi la mort\nde deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC et entrainant aussi un mouvement pr\u00e9ventif\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nde la population vers le village Musebe o\u00f9 se trouve les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nFARDC.\n\n- D\u2019autre part, dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, dans une carri\u00e8re autour\ndu village Mukondo, un mouvement de population vers Kisengo et les\nvillages environnants \u00e9tait signal\u00e9 le 18 novembre 2024 \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une\nincursion d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments miliciens Twa. Cette situation a touch\u00e9 non\nseulement l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, mais aussi les autres aires de\nsant\u00e9 de la zone notamment Kankwala, Kalima, Kilunga, Kampulu et\nMukundi. De ce fait, plusieurs cas d\u2019extorsions de biens et de pillages\nsont signal\u00e9s sur cet axe.\n\n\n### PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASA\u00cf ORIENTAL, KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n**Province du KASA\u00cf**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Tableau_ _pr\u00e9sentant_ _les_ _tendances_ _de_ _violations_ _et_ _abus_ _des_ _droits_ _signal\u00e9es_ _par_ _le_ _monitoring_ _de_ _protection_ _dans_ _les_ _provinces_ _du_\n_Kasa\u00ef._\n\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n - En novembre, une augmentation des cas de violations/abus des droits\nhumains a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par rapport au mois d\u2019octobre au cours duquel\n848 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, soit une hausse de 14.2% repr\u00e9sentant 141\ncas.\n\n - Au titre de violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, la majorit\u00e9 des\ncas de coups et blessures sont \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 l\u2019actif de la population civile et\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\ndes bandits, tandis que les FARDC et la PNC sont incrimin\u00e9s dans 5 cas\nde torture et traitements inhumains.\n\nEn outre, le recouvrement forc\u00e9 de la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de recettes du\nKasa\u00ef aurait connu de d\u00e9bordements. Les assujettis d\u00e9crient la m\u00e9thode\nutilis\u00e9e par les agents de ce service, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019on compterait d\u00e9j\u00e0\nplusieurs accidents et m\u00eame des d\u00e9c\u00e8s caus\u00e9s par le fil \u00e0 corde qu\u2019ils\nutilisent pour stopper les motards. A titre d\u2019exemple, environ 6 accidents\net un d\u00e9c\u00e8s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s le 19 novembre\n\n- Les all\u00e9gations de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre repr\u00e9sentent 28.2% des\ncas, soit 279 cas.\n\nIl importe de noter que le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre de pouvoir et de genre est \u00e0 la\nbase des cas de VBG enregistr\u00e9s, notamment les viols dont les victimes\nsont majoritairement des mineures, les agressions sexuelles, les\nmariages forc\u00e9s, etc.\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, 19 cas de mariage d\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s et sont\nloin de refl\u00e9ter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que ces pratiques sont peu\nd\u00e9nonc\u00e9es. Il est important que la notion relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal de la\nmajorit\u00e9 soit bien connue et bien comprise au sein des communaut\u00e9s, y\ncompris les lois qui s\u2019y rapportent en relation avec les violences\nsexuelles. Cela pourrait contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le taux de viol sur les\nmineurs, mais aussi celui des mariages forc\u00e9s qui sont \u00e9galement\nr\u00e9currents surtout en milieu rural.\n\n- Quant aux violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 220 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s\navec une forte pr\u00e9dominance des cas de taxes ill\u00e9gales (108 cas) et\nd\u2019extorsions des biens (98 cas). Ces violations des droits humains sont\nmajoritairement perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es au niveau des diff\u00e9rents postes de contr\u00f4le\ninstall\u00e9s sur diff\u00e9rents axes dans la province du Kasa\u00ef, mais aussi lors\ndes diff\u00e9rents braquages et cambriolages et, dans une certaine mesure,\ndans le contexte des expulsions de Congolais de l\u2019Angola. Les autorit\u00e9s\nlocales, la PNC et les FARDC ainsi que les auteurs non identifi\u00e9s sont\nrespectivement les principaux auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de ces violations/abus.\n\n- Le nombre de violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 important (145\ncas, soit 14.6%), notamment des cas d\u2019arrestation arbitraire/d\u00e9tention\nill\u00e9gale perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s essentiellement par la PNC (106 cas/132). 12 cas\n\n\n\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements ou disparitions forc\u00e9es ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\nCes enl\u00e8vements ont essentiellement affect\u00e9 les enfants (5 filles et 6\ngar\u00e7ons). Des personnes non autrement identifi\u00e9es constituent les\nauteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de ces enl\u00e8vements.\n\n- Dans la ville de **Tshikapa**, deux enfants de 9 et 10 ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ngri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9s par l\u2019explosion d\u2019une grenade qu\u2019ils avaient\nramass\u00e9e \u00e0 Dibumba. Cet incident est venu rappeler que la province du\nKasa\u00ef et la ville de Tshikapa ne sont pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9s de la probl\u00e9matique\ndes restes explosifs de guerre (REG). D\u2019autres incidents de ce genre ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment dans cette province.\n\n**Kamako**\n\n- La cit\u00e9 de **Kamako** semble faire face \u00e9galement \u00e0 une recrudescence de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les commer\u00e7ants transfrontaliers et les agents des services\nde l\u2019Etat \u0153uvrant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re semblent constituer la principale cible des\nmalfrats. A titre d\u2019illustration, le 02 novembre, alors qu\u2019il revenait de la\nfronti\u00e8re, le receveur ad int\u00e9rim de la DGDA/Kamako a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par\ndes hommes non autrement identifi\u00e9s, munis des machettes et autres\narmes blanches. La victime a re\u00e7u un coup de machette au bras droit,\nmais a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper. Depuis cet incident, tous les agents de l\u2019Etat\ntravaillant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de s\u2019y rendre d\u00e9sormais en convoi.\n\n- Des cas d\u2019expulsion de Congolais de l\u2019Angola ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au\nposte frontalier de Kamako. Au total, 464 expuls\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s\npar la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Migrations (DGM) (374 hommes, 63\nfemmes et 27 enfants dont 19 gar\u00e7ons et 8 filles).\n\n**KASAI Oriental**\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire au Kasa\u00ef-Oriental, notamment dans le territoire\nde Kabeya Kamuanga et la ville de Mbujimayi, s\u2019est d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e,\nexacerbant les tensions sociales et les violations des droits humains.\n\n- En mati\u00e8re de protection, 494 violations des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9es durant ce mois, r\u00e9parties entre Kabeya Kamuanga (202\ncas), Tshilenge (168 cas) et Mbujimayi (124 cas).\n\n- \u00c0 **Kabeya Kamuanga**, les violations intentionnelles et quasi\ninstitutionnalis\u00e9es des droits humains, ainsi que le harc\u00e8lement des\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nd\u00e9fenseurs des droits, sont monnaie courante, particuli\u00e8rement dans la\ncommune rurale de Lac Munkamba. Les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\nsubissent des pressions croissantes des autorit\u00e9s administratives et\nmilitaro-polici\u00e8res locales.\n\nParall\u00e8lement, des conflits li\u00e9s au pouvoir coutumier opposent\nviolemment des clans dans les groupements de Bakua Kashila 3 et\nBakua Lonji. Ces luttes ont caus\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de populations\net des pertes humaines, notamment trois d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 Bakua Lonji.\n\n\n- \u00c0 **Mbujimayi,** une recrudescence du banditisme juv\u00e9nile dans les\ncommunes de Diulu et Bipemba a conduit \u00e0 des affrontements, causant\ndes blessures graves et un meurtre.\nDans la commune de la Muya, le meurtre d\u2019un homme par un \u00ab homme\nfort \u00bb local, sous pr\u00e9texte d\u2019une moquerie, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 des violences\ndans le quartier Kajiba, entra\u00eenant des destructions de maisons et des\naffrontements inter-familiaux.\n\u00c0 Bipemba, une seconde vague de d\u00e9molitions autour de l\u2019a\u00e9roport a\ncaus\u00e9 la panique, tandis que les victimes de la premi\u00e8re vague vivent\ntoujours dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires.\n\n**KASAI Central**\n\n- La province du Kasa\u00ef Central a \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de tensions g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es,\navec des pr\u00e9occupations majeures dans les territoires de Dimbelenge,\nLuiza et Dibaya, o\u00f9 des conflits intercommunautaires et des violations\ndes droits humains se multiplient.\n\nDans le territoire de Dimbelenge, au secteur de Lubi, un conflit persistant\nentre les communaut\u00e9s Bakua Mayi et Bakua Tshiya a contraint le\ngouvernement provincial \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC pour\nr\u00e9tablir l\u2019ordre public. Cependant, ces militaires proc\u00e8dent aux\npr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s sur les biens des populations locales, accompagn\u00e9s\nde repr\u00e9sailles s\u00e9v\u00e8res en cas de r\u00e9sistance.\n\nDans le territoire de Luiza, un conflit foncier opposant les villages\nNtumina et Ngonya s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9, engendrant des violences qui se sont\npropag\u00e9es aux villages voisins, causant plusieurs pertes humaines.\n\n\n\n\n\nDans le territoire de Dibaya, le d\u00e9clin de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a favoris\u00e9 une\naugmentation des cas de justices populaires. La r\u00e9sidence d\u2019un infirmier\ndans le secteur Kasangidi a \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9e par des membres de la\ncommunaut\u00e9, l\u2019accusant de d\u00e9tournement de fonds destin\u00e9s au centre\nde sant\u00e9 local.\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 ce contexte difficile, des efforts significatifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en\nmati\u00e8re de protection. Sur 389 violations des droits humains\ndocument\u00e9es \u00e0 travers les territoires de Demba, Dibaya, Kazumba,\nLuiza, Kananga et Dimbelenge, 307 cas (78,9 %), ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un suivi\npour att\u00e9nuer leurs effets ou emp\u00eacher leur r\u00e9currence. Bien que ces\ninterventions montrent un engagement notable, la situation reste\nalarmante et appelle \u00e0 une mobilisation accrue pour garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net les droits des populations vuln\u00e9rables .\n\n### PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9
Kenge 3|Col2|Violation Violation du
du droit \u00e0 droit \u00e0 la vie
la et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physique
Province du KWANGO
44 13|Col4|Allegations
VBG
20|Total
80|%
58|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Popokabaka **|0|28|15|14|
**57**|
**42**|\n|**Total Kwango **
**Bagata **|**3 **
8|**72**
Province du
83|**28**
KWILU
3|**34**
1|
**137**
**95**|
**42**
|\n|**Bandundu **|36|94|0|0|
**130**|**58**|\n|**Total Kwilu **
**Kwamouth **|**44**
**177**
PROVINCE DU M
0
36|**44**
**177**
PROVINCE DU M
0
36|**3 **
AI-NDOMBE
27|**1 **
4|
**225**
**67**|**100**|\n|**Total Mai-Ndombe **
**Maluku 2 **|**0 **
7|**36**
**27**
KINSHASA
30
29|**36**
**27**
KINSHASA
30
29|**4 **
20|
**67**
**86**|
**100**|\n|**Total Kinshasa **|**7 **|**30**|**29**|**20**|
**86**||\n|**Grand total **|
**54**|
**315**|
**87**|
**59**|
**515**||\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la situation de protection dans les zones\ncouvertes par les activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de\nBandundu est fortement marqu\u00e9e par les exactions commises par les\nmiliciens Mobondo, ainsi que les tracasseries et autres violations\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les militaires dont les unit\u00e9s y sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pour contrer\nles activit\u00e9s des miliciens et r\u00e9tablir l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat. Fort\nmalheureusement, ces militaires proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des extorsions des biens,\ntaxes ill\u00e9gales, arrestations arbitraires, d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales et pillage.\n\n- Dans les zones non contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les FARDC, ce sont les miliciens\nMobondos qui se livrent aux m\u00eames exactions sur la population. Dans\nles secteurs de Bukanga Lonzo (territoire de Kenge) et Lufuna et\nPopokabaka (territoires de Popokabaka), la population civile est prise en\n\u00e9tau entre les exactions des miliciens et celle des hommes en uniformes.\n\n- C\u2019est dans ce contexte que 515 violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es contre\n532 en octobre, soit une l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9duction de 17 cas (3.1%). Cela est d\u00fb\n\u00e0 une relative baisse des attaques observ\u00e9e dans le territoire de\nKwamouth et la commune rurale de Maluku en comparaison avec le mois\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.\n\n- Plusieurs mouvements de populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s aussi bien\ndans les territoires de Popokabaka que ceux de Kenge, Kwamouth et\nBagata a la suite d\u2019attaques/incursions de miliciens Mobondo.\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- Les territoires de Popokabaka et Kenge ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9s par les\nattaques et incursions des miliciens Mobondo qui semblent bien\norganis\u00e9s dans le territoire de Popokabaka. Ils auraient une\nadministration, poss\u00e8deraient des armes de guerre et des uniformes\nmilitaires et tenteraient de conqu\u00e9rir le chef-lieu du territoire de\nPopokabaka, apr\u00e8s avoir assi\u00e9g\u00e9 une grande partie du secteur de\nPopokabaka, de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la rivi\u00e8re Kwango et celui de Lufuna. Leur\nprogression vers la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka a provoqu\u00e9 la fuite des habitants\nde plusieurs villages vers la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka et le territoire de\n\n\n\nKasongo Lunda. A leur passage dans les villages, ces miliciens se livrent\nsyst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 des pillages, homicides, viols, enl\u00e8vements et\nincendies de maisons.\n\nA titre d\u2019illustrations, l\u2019activisme des miliciens Mobondo est aussi tr\u00e8s\nimportant dans le territoire de **Kenge** o\u00f9 des villages sont occup\u00e9s, pill\u00e9s\net des exactions de toutes sortes, commises. Des miliciens Mobondo ont\nfait une fois de plus une incursion dans le village Kikubukubu, situ\u00e9 dans\nle secteur de Bukangalonzo le 18 novembre et y ont pill\u00e9 des biens des\nhabitants.\n\nDe plus, dans le groupement Babama, village Ibabulu situ\u00e9 \u00e0 plus ou\nmoins 80 km de la cit\u00e9 de **Popokabaka**, la population aurait subi des\nrepr\u00e9sailles des miliciens Mobondo le 22 novembre, apr\u00e8s une attaque\nrat\u00e9e des FARDC 6 jours auparavant. Plusieurs exactions ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncommises sur les civils (incendie de maisons, meurtres, viols, etc.).\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- La situation dans le territoire de Kwamouth est rest\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e par\nl\u2019activisme des miliciens Mobondo et les tracasseries des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nFARDC sur la population civile. Les barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur la RN 17\nresteraient les principaux lieux de commission des exactions par les\nFARDC.\n\n- Des affrontements entre les miliciens et les FARDC continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre\nsignal\u00e9s dans ce territoire, comme ce fut le cas dans la nuit du 23 au 24\nnovembre ou les miliciens auraient attaqu\u00e9 un groupe d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nFARDC en patrouille. Hormis des bless\u00e9s dans les deux camps, un\nmilicien aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 et plusieurs armes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es.\n\n**Bandundu & Bagata (province Kwilu)**\n\n- Les habitants de plusieurs villages et fermes du territoire de Bagata (dans\nsa partie limitrophe avec le Kwango) [3], continuent \u00e0 subir les exactions\ndes miliciens Mobondo. Ces derniers font payer les taxes \u00e0 la population\net extorquent leurs biens au niveau des barri\u00e8res qu\u2019ils ont \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur\nles diff\u00e9rents axes. Certains habitants, notamment ceux des\n\n\n\n3 Villages Fangulu, Matoko, Matele, Mobenga et Kipata 2, ainsi que ceux des fermes Kinzambi, Tembo,\nBembo, Saluzolo dans le secteur de wamba.\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n### **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 NOVEMBRE 2024**\n\nvillages Kipata 2, ainsi que ceux des fermes Kinzambi, Tembo, Bembo\net Saluzolo se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Bukanga Lonzo en vue de se pr\u00e9server\ndes exactions des miliciens Mobondo dans la zone.\n\n- Dans la ville de **Bandundu**, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au \u00ab quartier 3 rivi\u00e8res \u00bb\nqui abrite plusieurs d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ayant fui le village Dima Lumbu, il a \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante occasionn\u00e9e par les hommes en\nuniformes non autrement identifi\u00e9s qui terrorisent la population la nuit\navec de r\u00e9guliers cambriolages de maisons.\n\n**Maluku (province KINSHASA)**\n\n- Dans la commune rurale de Maluku (Zone de Sant\u00e9 Maluku 2), plusieurs\nexactions commises par les miliciens Mobondo et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC\nsont rapport\u00e9es.\nA titre d\u2019exemples, le 3 novembre au village Kinzono, des miliciens\nMobondo auraient d\u00e9capit\u00e9 un membre de la communaut\u00e9 dans son\nchamp.\nLe 20 novembre, 4 militaires de FARDC auraient cambriol\u00e9 la maison\nd\u2019un r\u00e9sident, emportant tous ses biens de valeur et une somme de\n200,000 FC apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir fortement molest\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s investigation, deux de\nces quatre militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s.\n### **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6a46544e-64a7-451d-bef1-1845ffe7e9f8/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_novembre_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_87/raw/doc_87_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_87/raw/doc_87_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0ba0110a7b1cdf41d8d466fec52b374fc50979a1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_87/raw/doc_87_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,296 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 217**\n\n# **In the shoes of refugees:** **providing protection and solutions** **for displaced Colombians in Ecuador**\n\n**Ana Guglielmelli White**\n\nOffice of Government Relations,\nEpiscopal Church,\nWashington DC\n\nE-mail: awhite@episcopalchurch.org\n\nAugust 2011\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nThe continuing and changing conflict in Colombia has generated millions of\ninternally displaced people and hundreds of thousands have sought safety in other\ncountries in the region. It is calculated that there are 500,000 Colombian refugees in\nsurrounding countries, only a portion of these are registered as refugees and receive\nservices and legal protection. The largest population of Colombian refugees is in\nEcuador, but they are also in Venezuela, Panama and Costa Rica.\n\nThe number of Colombian refugees fleeing the conflict has not declined and the\nnumber of those crossing an international border has increased. Currently, in Ecuador\nthere are between 130,000 to 200,000 Colombians in need of international protection.\nEcuador reformed its Constitution in 2008 and as a consequence changed its approach\nto immigration and refugee issues. As a result, over the last two years the Ecuadorian\ngovernment has provided refugee status, documentation and access to rights to\nthousands of Colombian refugees.\n\nI visited Ecuador in December 2009 and recently travelled there again as part of a\ndelegation of the Refugee Council USA. As part of these visits I met with government\nofficials, representatives of UNHCR, NGOs and refugees. Between my two visits I\nwas able to see the deterioration of the situation of Colombian refugees, particularly\nin the border region and the progress made by the Ecuadorian government in their\nregistration efforts. This paper is based on observations and information obtained on\nboth trips and on secondary sources.\n\nEcuador has been praised by the international community in relation to its willingness\nto provide protection to refugees and comply with the 1951 Convention on the Status\nof Refugees and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, to which Ecuador is a\nsignatory. The challenges that refugees currently face in Ecuador are numerous. Many\ndo not have access to protection, and for others there are currently no durable\nsolutions.\n\nAt the same time, international praise has not necessarily translated into strong\nsupport for Ecuador or UNHCR to ensure initial efforts translate into effective\nprotection and access to durable solutions. Burden sharing or responsibility sharing\nhas been a central issue on refugee protection; the challenge remains to make it a\nreality in most refugee situations. Ecuador is the perfect example; there have been\ninitial commitments to support refugee determination procedures, small scale\nlivelihood programs and resettlement.\n\nThis support remains small and not coordinated; the success of initial good steps is at\nstake and burden sharing and international support are central to this success. Since\nmy last visit the government of Ecuador has instituted changes to their Refugee Status\nDetermination procedures that raises some concerns and questions over how the\ninternational community can support and encourage countries to engage in a long\nlasting commitment to the protection of refugees.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Current situation of Colombian refugees in Ecuador**\n\nIn 2008 UNHCR estimated in their Global Needs Assessment in Ecuador that there\nwere between 130,000 to 140,000 Colombians in need of international protection in\nEcuador. As of December 2010 the government of Ecuador had recognized 53,342\nrefugees, a long way from the 390 recognized at the end of 2000.\n\n**Table 1: UNHCR\u2019s population of concern in Ecuador, end 2009**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Refugees|People in
refugee-like
situations|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations|Assisted by
UNHCR|Asylum
seekers
(pending)|Total
population of
concern|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
45,192|
71,365|
116,557|
45,192|
50,632|
167,189|\n\n\n\n**Table 2: Breakdown of UNHCR\u2019s population of concern in Ecuador, end 2009** **[1]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Type of population|Origin|Total|Assisted by UNHCR|Per cent
females|Per cent
under 18|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees
|Colombia|44,400|33,400|48|28|\n|Refugees
|Various|800|800|34|9|\n|People in a
refugee-like situation|Colombia|71,400|10,900|||\n|Asylum seekers



|Colombia|42,500|42,500|44|22|\n|Asylum seekers



|Peru|5,200|5,200|23|6|\n|Asylum seekers



|Cuba|1,500|1,500|29||\n|Asylum seekers



|Haiti|370|370|25|4|\n|Asylum seekers



|Various|1,200|1,200|23|8|\n|**Total**||**167,370**|**95,870**|||\n\n\nEcuador\u2019s border provinces are home to a large number of Colombian refugees and\npopulations in need of protection. This region includes five provinces (Esmeralda,\nCarchi, Imbabuta, Sucumbios y Orellana). A majority of the refugees (60%) settled in\nurban areas, 30% of them in Quito. UNHCR has been operational in Ecuador since\n2000. Currently, UNHCR has a central office in Quito and two field offices in the\nnorthern border region: in Lago Agrio and Ibarra, as well as a field presence in\n\n\n1 _UNHCR_ _2009 Global Trends,_ UNHCR, June 2010.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cuenca, Santo Domingo and Esmeraldas. UNHCR estimates that there are 1,000 new\nrefugee arrivals every month. [2]\n\nBy the end of 2009 UNHCR reported a total of 167,370 persons of concern in\nEcuador. Tens of thousands of people of concern for UNHCR are living in Ecuador\nbut have not officially approached the authorities, despite being in need of\ninternational protection.\n\nThe reasons for not seeking asylum include a lack of knowledge about the right to do\nso, lack of resources to reach points of registration, and fear of approaching State\nauthorities. The majority of persons in need of international protection originated\nfrom the southern provinces of Colombia, mainly Nari\u00f1o, Putumayo, Valle del Cauca\nand Cauca, where ongoing violence has brought about steady flows of refugees.\n\nThe conflict continues to generate new displacement and the spillover effect of the\nconflict has increased or remained persistent in many bordering regions with Ecuador.\nAccording to the Ecuadorian government, in the past few years Ecuador \u201chas suffered\na progressive deterioration of security and social and economic conditions on the\nnorthern border.\u201d [3]\n\nThe spillover of violence creates concern about the safety of refugees that sought\nprotection in Ecuador and a dangerous and difficult environment for UNHCR and\nother organizations to work in; which further increases the vulnerability of refugees.\nThese organizations have recognized that this context has affected access to some\nrefugee populations.\n\nAccording to the Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugee and Migration\n(PRM) the number of Colombian asylum seekers in Ecuador continues to rise. PRM\nalso acknowledges the effect of the spillover over the security of refugees in the\ncountries of first asylum: \u201csome Colombian asylum seekers in Ecuador and\nVenezuela continue to experience harassment by illegal armed Colombian groups\noperating in these countries.\u201d [4]\n\nAs UNHCR has recognized, the conflict in Colombia \u201chas progressively expanded\ninto Ecuadorian territory, bringing with it weapons smuggling, drugs and human\ntrafficking, money laundering, kidnapping and even summary executions which occur\nwith impunity [\u2026] The security situation in communities near the northern border\ncontinues to be a major concern for UNHCR as it affects staff security and project\nimplementation.\u201d [5]\n\nThe situation has clearly deteriorated in the border region, where many refugees face\nphysical security concerns. The violence and presence of armed actors inside Ecuador\nputs in great danger many highly vulnerable populations, particularly women, ethnic\nminorities and children. The lack of educational opportunities and access to\nemployment create a perfect environment for the recruitment of traffickers and illegal\n\n2 _Mission to Ecuador and Colombia. Letter from Assistant Secretary Eric Schwartz,_ Bureau of\nPopulation Refugees and Migration, Department of State, Eric Schwartz, May 2011.\n3 _UNHCR 2009 Global Trends_ - UNHCR, June 2010.\n4 _Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2010_ - Report to Congress, Bureau of Population\nRefugees and Migration, Department of State, page 93.\n5 _Global Needs Assessment Pilot Report,_ UNHCR, 2008.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "armed groups. The situation has worsened by the lack of presence of international\norganizations and NGOs in many areas. While UNHCR is located in the border\nregion, other UN agencies are not present.\n\n**Enhanced registration**\n\nIn September of 2008 the government of Ecuador enacted a new asylum policy, with\nthe objective to strengthen and modernize Ecuadorian asylum policy and reaffirm the\ncommitment of the new government to international human rights. With a reformed\nconstitution and a new asylum policy Ecuador committed itself to strive for the\nfulfillment of all international and regional instruments relative to refugee protection,\nincluding the Cartagena Declaration.\n\nThe Ecuadorian General Directorate for Refugees (GDR) is the governmental entity\nresponsible for the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process in Ecuador. The\nGDR has a main office in Quito and a branch office in Cuenca. GDR Eligibility\nOfficers based in Quito undertake interviewing and notification brigades in order to\nprocess the claims of asylum-seekers in the different provinces. The missions to\nprovinces serve to compensate for the lack of permanent GDR presence in these\nregions.\n\nIn March of 2009 the government of Ecuador launched the Enhanced Registration\nProgram (ERP) with the objective of providing RSDs and documentation to large\nnumbers of refugees that lack access to the normal registration channels. The\nEnhanced Registration Process implemented with UNHCR was created with the\nintention to provide greater access to asylum application process in regions where\nrefugees are located. Under the ERP the DGR mobile teams are utilized for an\nexpedited process that takes one day and provides status determination and one year\nrenewable visas.\n\nDecisions are taken by an Eligibility Commission and documentation is issued on the\nsame day. A representative of UNHCR participates in all sessions of the Eligibility\nCommission in an advisory capacity (with a voice but without vote) and submits\nrecommendations on each individual case, based on interviews conducted by GDR\neligibility officers. The database incorporates special needs tools that allow UNHCR\nto find out about specific needs of highly vulnerable refugees. UNHCR uses the\nHeightened Risk Identification Tool (HRIT) to identify cases of refugees at risk that\nhave specific protection needs and might be in need of resettlement.\n\nAccording to UNHCR the ERP is important in two ways: \u201cit shortens the waiting\nperiod for a government decision on asylum claims from several months to just a few\nhours; and it takes the asylum process to the field, where many refugees have been\nunable to access asylum systems in urban areas because they didn't have the resources\nor because they feared being detained.\u201d [6] During the first two months the DGR issued\n5,000 refugee visas. [7] The Enhanced Registration Program in Ecuador led by the\n\n\n6 _Large-scale refugee registration project starts in Ecuador,_ UNHCR, Xavier Orellana,,\nttp://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/49cce42b2.html, March 2009.\n7 _Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2010_ - Report to Congress, Department of State,\nBureau of Population Refugees and Migration.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "database", - "confidence": 0.5227659940719604, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GDR\neligibility officers", - "confidence": 0.8033003807067871, - "start": 341, - "end": 344 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Heightened Risk Identification Tool", - "confidence": 0.7546066045761108, - "start": 368, - "end": 372 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HRIT", - "confidence": 0.711125373840332, - "start": 373, - "end": 374 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Government with UNHCR\u2019s support has resulted in the registration and\ndocumentation of 27,740 refugees. [8]\n\nThe ERP has provided legal recognition to thousands of refugees and provided a\nflexible program to reach out to refugees that otherwise would not have access to\nRSD procedures. It is important to recognize the steps taken by Ecuador to comply\nwith international refugee protection standards. The procedure still presents some\nchallenges in relation to the renewal of the documentation, which expires every year\nand the challenges related to guaranteeing that the access to documentation would\nprovide effective access to rights.\n\nIn January of 2011 the Ecuadorian government instituted new changes to their RSD\nprocess with the objective of reducing fraudulent applications. The new procedure\nadds a new initial stage of admissibility to the RSD process. The two staged process\n(used in other Latin-American countries) raises concerns over the criteria use to\nexclude applicants from the procedure and an adequate appeals process. The new\nprocess does not include an appeal mechanism at the admissibility stage.\n\n**Discrimination and effective access to rights**\n\nWhile the government of Ecuador has taken significant steps to provide protection to\nrefugees, Colombian refugees face numerous challenges to effectively access basic\nrights and, in many cases, they are unable to find security. As recognized by PRM\n\u201cmany Colombians in need of protection who enter these countries irregularly must\nhide in remote border areas or in shantytowns of larger cities.\u201d [9]\n\nMany Colombian refugees are able to integrate into communities in Ecuador though\nmany others are confronted with numerous barriers to their integration or protection,\nmainly: barriers to access basic rights (employment, education, housing, etc.) and lack\nof access to physical protection and security.\n\nThe security situation has not only worsened for refugees in the border areas, many\nrefugees report threats in Quito and other cities in the south of the country. The lack\nof safety shelters and mechanisms of expedited resettlement are of great concern.\nWhile UNHCR has the possibility of relocating refugees within the country, the lack\nof safety mechanisms places refugees at great risk.\n\nThe main challenges that Colombian refugees have faced (access to employment,\nhousing, education, etc.) are paired with the spread of discrimination and a general\ncontext of poor economic and social conditions affecting the Ecuadorian population.\nIn an urban context refugees and Ecuadorians alike are confronted by difficult socioeconomic conditions. [10]\n\nThe barriers to effectively access some of the most basic rights recognized by the\nEcuadorian government are also related to the spread of discrimination against\n\n\n8 _Magnitude of the Refugee Situation 2000-2010,_ UNHCR Ecuador\n9 _Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2010_ - Report to Congress, Department of State\nBureau of Population Refugees and Migration, page 39\n10 _Refugiados Urbanos en Ecuador- Resumen Ejecutivo_, FLACSO/ACNUR, February 2011\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Colombians, which particularly affects minorities (Afro-Colombians and indigenous\npeople). The integration process takes place in a context dominated by a profound\neconomic and ethnic segregation. [11]\n\nColombian refugees stated how discrimination affects them on a daily basis and\nparticularly in their access to employment and housing. In a study conducted by\nFLACSO/UNHCR on urban refugees, 52% of the refugees surveyed felt\ndiscriminated against in Ecuador, specifically in relation to negative perceptions in\nrelation to nationality, gender, sexual orientation, refugee status, ethnicity and\nsocioeconomic situation. [12] In the same survey public spaces were identified as the\nplace where most refugees experienced discrimination, followed by the work place,\npublic institutions and places of residence.\n\nMany Colombian refugees mentioned that when looking for housing or jobs they\noften hear: \u201cWe do not hire Colombians\u201d or \u201cWe do not rent to Colombians\u201d. These\nsituations reduce the type of employment available to refugees, increases abuse from\nemployers and for women and minorities this can become a serious barrier to\nintegration.\n\nThe discrimination also affects access to housing for refugees, who expressed that\nthey are in many cases severely limited to where they can find a place to live. In\nrecognition of this challenge UNHCR put forward an anti-discrimination campaign\ntitled \u201cPongamonos en los zapatos de los refugiados y demos el primer paso para\nentender su situaci\u00f3n\u201d, which translates as \u201clet\u2019s put ourselves in the shoes of refugees\nand let\u2019s take the first step to understanding their situation.\u201d [13]\n\nAt the same time, the discrimination has a profound consequence on the selfperception of refugees. Discrimination is also expressed by verbal abuse on the streets\nand, in some cases, with physical violence. Women and children are particularly\nvulnerable to these situations. Refugees expressed that the discrimination in Ecuador\nmakes them feel \u201cwithout dignity\u201d or as \u201cuseless or not worthy\u201d _(una porqueria_ ).\n\nDiscrimination and xenophobia worsens when several dimensions are added: racial,\ngender and nationality (e.g. Colombian afro-Colombian women). There are reports of\nxenophobic treatment from authorities and the police: \u201c\u2026in the northeastern region of\nEcuador, there are frequent reports of xenophobic and discriminatory treatment of\nColombians by Ecuadorians, including harassment and arrest by police forces.\u201d [14]\nMany refugees mentioned that Ecuadorians have two stereotypes for Colombian\nrefugees: men as guerilla members or drug traffickers and women as prostitutes.\n\nApart from the challenges to access of employment and housing, many Colombians\nencounter barriers to access education for their children (particularly for teenagers), to\nthe banking system and to health services. While the government of Ecuador\nguarantees access to healthcare and education, in reality many refugees face many\nbureaucratic hurdles and requirements that might impede access to schools for many\nchildren.\n\n\n11 Ibid.\n12 Ibid.\n13 www.ensuszapatos.org\n14 _Colombia: Crisis Bubbling Over_, Refugees International, Andrea Lari and Sean Garcia _,_ July 2009.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.8804088830947876, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6975149512290955, - "start": 108, - "end": 109 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FLACSO/UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9174309372901917, - "start": 59, - "end": 62 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ecuador", - "confidence": 0.9917874932289124, - "start": 76, - "end": 77 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombian refugees", - "confidence": 0.7926524877548218, - "start": 33, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A particular problem for urban refugees, not only in Ecuador but in many places\nthroughout the word, is their near \u201cinvisibility\u201d in their country of asylum. Despite the\nincrease in asylum recognition for Colombian refugees in Ecuador, the phenomenon\nof invisibility has taken root, with untold numbers of Colombians in need of\ninternational protection living in Ecuador without ever having approached authorities.\nThis phenomenon is paired with the visibility challenges that discrimination and\nxenophobia brings in the social integration for many refugees.\n\nColombian refugees are also affected, particularly in the border region, by the lack of\nsecurity and the spillover violence (which in many cases puts them in danger or\ncontinuing persecution in the country of first asylum): \u201cEcuador\u2019s border cities, and\nother localities that host a large number of refugees, are characterized by high levels\nof violence and crime, drug trafficking, arms smuggling and a high concentrations of\nbrothels.\u201d [15]\n\nWomen and girls among this population are exposed to a high risk of sexual and\ngender based violence. Women and girls from minority groups are in an even greater\nvulnerable situation. There is a greater need to provide protection and programs that\nfocus on SGBV, particularly in areas in the border region. The lack of prevention,\nprotection and prosecution of SGBV cases is prevalent.\n\nThere is also a great need of livelihood programs that focus on women, particularly\nwomen head of households. There are reports of survival sex in the refugee\npopulation and we heard stories of trafficking and abuse of minors. The presence of\nhuman trafficking networks and legal prostitution creates a difficult context to work in\nthe prevention of SGBV.\n\n**Durable solutions for Colombian refugees**\n\nFor most Colombian refugees local integration is the durable solution currently\navailable, while return to Colombia could be a future solution for some if adequate\nconditions materialize. For others, resettlement in a third country is the only option to\nachieve protection. UNHCR in Ecuador works particularly through local integration\nand resettlement. Currently, UNHCR does not actively promote repatriation of\nColombian refugees.\n\nFor most refugees local integration is the most viable option in the near future, and the\nsteps taken by the Ecuadorian government to document and recognize the rights for\nthousands of Colombian refugees is a step forward in this direction. It is important to\nsupport the efforts of the government by increasing the support for integration\nprograms.\n\nAccess to support programs for refugees remains inadequate and more is needed to\nensure that local integration becomes a durable solution for thousands of Colombian\nrefugees. The need for livelihood programs is great, particularly for highly depressed\nareas and for women head of households. Linking programs targeted to refugees with\n\n\n15 _Ecuador\u2019s Humanitarian Emergency_, International Policy Report, Center for International Policy,\nAbigail Poe and Adam Isacson,April 2009.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.5932849049568176, - "start": 268, - "end": 269 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "border region", - "confidence": 0.6312668919563293, - "start": 229, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\npopulation", - "confidence": 0.8753892183303833, - "start": 274, - "end": 276 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "development projects for the local community could be an alternative that would\nbenefit both populations.\n\nAs noted earlier, third country resettlement is a critical solution for a number of\nColombians in Ecuador. While the Ecuadorian government has taken steps to provide\nrefugee status to many Colombians, there are certain highly vulnerable persons within\nthis population, such as women at risk and urgent security cases, for whom the status\ngranted by Ecuador does not provide a durable solution or physical protection.\n\nThe use of resettlement as a protection tool and as an effective durable solution for\nrefugees in Ecuador with special needs has significantly developed over the past\nyears. As PRM recognized in its fiscal year 2010 Report to Congress, third country\nresettlement has become an important alternative for those who face physical risks\nand urgent protection needs. [16] Resettlement is also considered a durable solution for\nrefugees who, although not in need of immediate protection, have no prospects for\nlocal integration.\n\nFinally, resettlement is employed strategically as a responsibility-sharing mechanism\nto alleviate pressure exerted upon Ecuador, which is host to the largest refugee\npopulation in Latin America. Resettlement cases are submitted by UNHCR to\n\u201ctraditional countries of resettlement\u201d, such us Canada, the United States, Sweden;\nand also to \u201cemerging\u201d countries, such us Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, as\npart of the Mexico Plan of Action.\n\nThe Solidarity Resettlement program of the Mexico Plan of Action is of particular\nimportance as a regional solidarity and responsibility-sharing mechanism, although\nsupport is still needed to become a durable solution to a larger number of refugees. It\nbenefits a limited number of mostly Colombian refugees who face protection risks in\ntheir countries of asylum. Almost 400 people were resettled in Argentina, Brazil and\nChile in 2005-2007. [17] In 2007, the program was expanded to include refugees from\noutside the region. [18]\n\nA total of 900 people were presented to third countries for resettlement in 2009, and\nsome 600 individuals departed during that year. Uruguay and Paraguay have also\nsigned agreements with UNHCR to become resettlement countries. Uruguay was\nexpected to resettle some 15 refugees in 2008. As UNHCR points out, the coming\nyears will be crucial for the establishment of reception capacity and local integration\nschemes in these countries. Experience gained from resettlement programs elsewhere\nwill be of great importance in making the new programs a success.\n\nThe number of refugees resettled from Ecuador has grown since 2003. While the\nUnited States\u2019 numbers have declined since 2004, Canada has increased the numbers\nof resettled Colombians from Ecuador in the same period. The numbers of refugees\nresettling in the region remain small compared to admissions to traditional\nresettlement countries.\n\n\n16 _Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2011_ - Report to Congress, Department of State,\nBureau of Population Refugees and Migration.\n17 _Global Needs Assessment Pilot Report,_ UNHCR, 2008\n18 Ibid.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR established a Resettlement Unit in 2003 and while it has grown since then its\ncapacity is limited in relation to the need. The principal criteria used by UNHCR for\nthe resettlement of Colombian refugees from Ecuador are: Legal and Physical\nProtection Needs (LPPN), Women at Risk (AWR), Refugees without Local\nIntegration Prospects (RLIP) and Survivors of Violence and Torture (SVT).\n\nWhile the ERP and the use of the HRIT has provided a greater number of identified\ncases in need of resettlement, the use of the Cartagena Declaration definition vs. the\n1951 Convention represent challenges and additional burden for the resettlement unit\nwhen preparing referrals.\n\nThe United States began a Priority 1 resettlement program in 2002 to resettle\nColombian refugees referred by the US embassy in Colombia, and later expanded the\nprogram to interview Colombian refugees referred by UNHCR in Ecuador and Costa\nRica. The highest number of Colombian refugees admitted by the US was in fiscal\nyear 2004 (the fiscal year in the US runs from October 1 [st] to September 30 [th] ) with a\ntotal of 577 refugees.\n\nFrom 2004 to 2009 the admission numbers decline with an increase in fiscal year\n2010. The admissions numbers in 2011 have been affected by general lower\nadmissions numbers in all regions and the addition of new security screenings by the\nUS government.\n\n**Table 3: Arrivals of Colombian refugees through the USRAP** **[19]**\n\n|Fiscal Year|Arrivals|\n|---|---|\n|2011
(as of May)|24|\n|2010|123|\n|2009|57|\n|2008|94|\n|2007|54|\n|2006|115|\n|2005|323|\n|2004|577|\n|2003|149|\n\n\n\n**19** _Refugee Processing Center_, www.wrapsnet.org\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The admission of refugees from Colombia was first impacted by broad interpretation\nof legal provisions of material support to terrorist organizations included in the USA\nPATRIOT Act of 2001 (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing\nAppropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act).\n\nOn April 27 2007, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Michael\nChertoff signed a statement authorizing the US Citizenship and Immigration Services\n(USCIS) to exempt from the \"material support\" bar those who provided material\nsupport under duress to designated terrorist organizations if the individuals are\ndetermined to meet certain criteria.\n\nOn May 10 2007, a fact sheet issued by the USCIS made clear that the Department of\nHomeland Security will only begin considering \"waivers\" for victims of duress at the\nhands of designated \"terrorist organizations\" (or what is known as Tier I and II\ngroups) after DHS has \"identified\" the specific group as one that would be included\nwithin the exemption. In May 2007 Secretary Chertoff made this duress exception\napplicable to specific Tier I and II organizations that DHS had identified. The\nRevolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was the first group to fall under\nthis classification.\n\nUnder the exemptions signed by the Secretary of Homeland Security for material\nsupport provided under duress to a designated terrorist organization, individuals who\nprovided material support under duress to the FARC (September 6, 2007), National\nLiberation Army of Colombia (ELN) (December 18, 2007) and the United SelfDefense Forces of Colombia (March 10, 2008) were now eligible for exemptions that\nwould make them admissible to the US.\n\n**Table 4: Arrivals of Colombian refugees through the USRAP by year and month** **[20]**\n\n|FY|Total|Oct|Nov|Dec|Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sept|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**FY11**|**24**|0|0|3|0|4|1|0|16|||||\n|**FY10**|**123**|4|22|4|0|8|1|7|20|12|0|6|39|\n|**FY09**|**57**|1|1|0|19|11|0|0|0|0|10|12|3|\n|**FY08**|**94**|0|40|0|0|3|0|13|5|0|0|2|31|\n|**FY07**|**54**|0|6|3|0|28|5|0|4|8|0|0|0|\n|**FY06**|**115**|0|2|0|0|6|9|0|24|12|15|0|47|\n|**FY05**|**323**|40|26|0|90|14|44|3|41|3|1|0|61|\n|**FY04**|**577**|45|44|65|1|68|51|4|75|0|135|25|64|\n\n\n\n_20 Refugee Processing Center_, www.wrapsnet.org\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Table 3 and 4 show the number of arrivals of Colombian refugees through the\nresettlement program from 2003 to the present. The number of Colombian refugees\n(from Ecuador, Costa Rica and Colombia) has declined since 2003 to 2009, with a\nsmall increase in 2010. Unfortunately the United States accepted only 56 Colombians\nfor resettlement in fiscal year 2009.\n\nThe increase of resettlement of Colombian refugees to the United States continues to\nbe affected by new and ongoing hurdles. The acceptance of cases has been affected\nby: material support, firm resettlement, and credibility issues. RCUSA has raised\nnumerous concerns to the US government in relation to the lower level of admissions\nand high denial rates for Colombian refugees particularly for cases referred from\nEcuador. Firm resettlement continues to be a challenge in relation to admissions of\nColombian refugees.\n\nAccording to 8 CFR 207.1 (b), an applicant is considered firmly resettled if he/she has\nbeen offered resident status citizenship, or some other type of permanent resettlement\nby a country other than the United States and has traveled to and entered that country\nas a consequence of his/her flight from persecution.\n\n8 CFR 207.1 (c) states: \u201cAny applicant who claims not to be firmly resettled in a\nforeign country must establish that the conditions of his/her residence in that country\nare so restrictive as to deny resettlement. In determining whether or not an applicant is\nformally resettled in a foreign country, the officer reviewing the matter shall consider\nthe conditions under which other residents of the country live:\n\n1. Whether permanent or temporary housing is available to the refugee in the\nforeign country;\n2. Nature of employment available to the refugee in the foreign country; and\n3. Other benefits offered or denied to the refugee by the foreign country\nwhich are available to the other residents, such as (i) right to property\nownership, (ii) travel documentation, (iii) education, (iv) public welfare,\nand (v) citizenship.\u201d\n\nMany NGOs have expressed concerns on the increase in denials and the low number\nof Colombian refugees accepted by the United States, particularly in light of the\nlimited resettlement capacity of countries in the region. While the number of refugees\nadmitted to the United States in FY10 increased from the prior year which seems a\npositive step forward from the US government, the number of arrivals this year is\ndiscouraging.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nThe Colombian displacement is the largest displacement crisis in this hemisphere and\nit is important to evaluate the regional and international response. The number of\nrefugees in the region continues to increase and the responses from governments,\nUNHCR and NGOs remains inadequate. It is important to recognize efforts made by\nthe government of Ecuador to comply with international refugee law.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Table 3 and 4", - "confidence": 0.5290734171867371, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.6334837675094604, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombian refugees", - "confidence": 0.9784649610519409, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Concrete policies and programs have been put in place to recognize refugees seeking\nprotection and to provide access to rights in Ecuador. There have also been efforts\nmade by UNHCR and countries in the region to support the government of Ecuador.\nAs expressed by the Assistant Secretary of PRM, Eric Schwartz, \u201cconditions are not\nperfect, discrimination is a continual challenge and \u2013 especially at the national level a much greater level of effort on refugee registration and assistance is required.\u201d [21]\n\nThe following are key areas that need additional resources and attention:\n\n- recognition of refugees: enhancing the registration procedures;\n\n- integration programs: effective access to rights and livelihood programs are\ncentral to ensure local integration of refugees;\n\n- resettlement: need to increase resettlement capacity in Ecuador and resettlement\nspaces in traditional countries of resettlement and solidarity resettlement\ncountries; and,\n\n- women and children: additional efforts need to be made to address SGBV and the\nvulnerability to trafficking of women and children.\n\nColombian refugees continue to face numerous challenges and many are still in need\nof international protection. It is important, not only in this context but also\ninternationally; to provide support to countries that decide to take concrete steps to\ncomply with their international obligations. The support provided will determine the\nsuccess of the initial efforts made by the Ecuadorian government and will determine\nthe possibility of finding durable solutions for refugees.\n\n\n21 _Mission to Ecuador and Colombia. Letter from Assistant Secretary Eric Schwartz,_ Bureau of\nPopulation Refugees and Migration, Department of State, Eric Schwartz, May 2011.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/86b28356-edca-3b9a-81dc-4c196858ef84/4e4bd6c19.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_870/raw/doc_870_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_870/raw/doc_870_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index deee7e6ccb8364a11112af7f81a799805d4ad592..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_870/raw/doc_870_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n## APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\nLa situation de protection dans les zones en conflit reste tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupante\npour les mois de septembre et octobre 2024.\n\n\nLes violations et abus des droits humains, et les attaques contre les sites de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s, ainsi que contre des infrastructures essentielles et des villages, ont\nperturb\u00e9 le quotidien des populations civiles dans plusieurs zones affect\u00e9es\npar les conflits principalement dans l\u2019Est :\n\n- Dans la province de l\u2019 **Ituri,** la p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par un activisme\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques dans les territoires de Djugu\n(Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo-CODECO/URDPC- et\nZa\u00efre), d\u2019Irumu (Force de r\u00e9sistance patriotique de l'Ituri -FRPI- et des\nAllied Democratic Forces/Forces d\u00e9mocratiques alli\u00e9es (ADF), de\nMahagi (CODECO/URDPC et ADF), et de Mambasa (ADF).\n\n\n- Les tensions entre le Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) et les Forces Arm\u00e9es\nde la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) associ\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par une intensification des\naffrontements dans les territoires de Masisi et Lubero (province du **Nord**\n**Kivu)**, une extension de la zone d\u2019occupation du M23 vers Walikale et\ndes repr\u00e9sailles violentes contre les civils lors des incursions. De m\u00eame,\nplusieurs abus attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s et une attaque des Forces\nD\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es (ADF) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es dans le groupement\nBatangi-Mbau \u00e0 Beni.\n\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence et l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s accroissent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans certaines localit\u00e9s des Hauts et Moyens Plateaux du territoire de\nKalehe, d\u2019Uvira, et de Fizi, dans la province du **Sud Kivu** o\u00f9 des tensions\nsont perceptibles entre les FARDC et les Wazalendo (territoire de\nKalehe), et o\u00f9 des affrontements se poursuivent entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\ndeux groupes arm\u00e9s qui se disputent le contr\u00f4le de carriers miniers\n(territoire de Fizi).\n\n- Dans la province de **Tanganyika**, la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de protection\nreste domin\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme des miliciens Twa et Bantou dont leurs\nop\u00e9rations ont port\u00e9 atteinte aux droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux de la\npopulation civile. De m\u00eame, la crise en cours au sud du **Maniema**\n(territoires de Kabambare et Kasongo) o\u00f9 les diff\u00e9rentes factions des\n\n\n\nMa\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Malaika commettent des exactions \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des populations\ncontraint celles-ci au d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 vers le nord de Kongolo.\n\n- Les provinces du Kasai connaissent une recrudescence du banditisme\n( **Kasa\u00ef** et **Kasa\u00ef Oriental),** des tensions qui persistent entre les\ncommunaut\u00e9s Bena Kasasa et les Basonge Bambale, notamment \u00e0 la\nfronti\u00e8re avec le Sankuru et le Kasa\u00ef-Oriental, o\u00f9 des conflits fonciers\nsont en cours ( **Kasai central** ).\n\n\n- Une troisi\u00e8me tentative de r\u00e9solution de la crise qui s\u00e9vit dans la province\ndu **Ma\u00ef-Ndombe** a eu lieu en septembre 2024 \u00e0 travers un accord sign\u00e9\nentre les acteurs locaux, les miliciens Mobondos et des repr\u00e9sentants de\nl'\u00e9tat congolais, laissant un espoir \u00e0 une am\u00e9lioration de la situation de\nprotection dans cette province ainsi que dans les provinces de **Kwango,**\n**Kwilu** et **Kinshasa** qui sont \u00e9galement impact\u00e9es par des violations et\nabus des droits humains au cours d\u2019incursions de ces miliciens.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n## **Aper\u00e7u des violations et abus des droits de septembre et octobre 2024**\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [1]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024
Violation du All\u00e9gations
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droit \u00e0 la vie Violations de All\u00e9gations
droit \u00e0 la droit \u00e0 la Total
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 la R\u00e9solution VBG
libert\u00e9 propri\u00e9t\u00e9
physique 1612|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**

**Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024**
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droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
Violations de
la R\u00e9solution
1612
All\u00e9gations
VBG
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propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
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VBG|Total|Total|\n||**Sept**|**0ct**|**Sept**|**0ct**|**Sept**|**Oct**|**Sept**|**Oct**|**Sept**|**Oct**|**Sept**|**Oct**|\n|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|**Province de l\u2019ITURI**|\n\n\n**Province de HAUT-UELE**\n\n\n_Ituri et Haut Uele_\n\n\nLes provinces d\u2019Ituri et du Haut-Uele demeurent la zone la plus affect\u00e9e par\nles abus et violations des droits humains au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous\nexamen, en d\u00e9pit de la baisse de 9% constat\u00e9e entre le mois d\u2019aout ( **2 529**\nviolations) et le mois de septembre qui a enregistr\u00e9 **2 099** violations. Cette\nbaisse s\u2019est poursuivie au mois d\u2019octobre au cours duquel **1 908**\nviolations/abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, soit une diminution de **7%** par rapport\nau mois de septembre.\n\n\nLes principales cat\u00e9gories de violations sont les atteintes au droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 **(41%)** suivies des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\n**(26%),** des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 **(17%)** et des VBG **(12%).**\n\n\nLes principaux perp\u00e9trateurs de ces violations restent les groupes arm\u00e9s non\n\u00e9tatiques notamment les CODECO, les combattants ADF et ceux du Za\u00efre.\n\n\n1 Rapports du monitoring de protection, UNHCR & INTERSOS re\u00e7us en septembre et octobre\n2024\n2 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nLes principales **victimes sont les personnes retourn\u00e9es** qui repr\u00e9sentent\npr\u00e8s de **50%** des victimes suivies de **PDIs (22%)** et ensuite les r\u00e9sidents\n**(21%).**\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- **46 %** des abus et violations rapport\u00e9es dans la province au cours des\ndeux mois sous revue ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans le territoire de Djugu o\u00f9\nla situation de protection demeure marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nCODECO/URDPC et ceux du Za\u00efre, perp\u00e9trant des violences arm\u00e9es\nciblant des civils particuli\u00e8rement des personnes retourn\u00e9es et\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n- L\u2019on peut citer parmi les attaques les plus meurtri\u00e8res celle du 17\nseptembre dans la localit\u00e9 Wibati (Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Fataki) o\u00f9 des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la CODECO/URDPC auraient tu\u00e9 10\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es spontan\u00e9es.\n\n- De plus, \u00e0 la mi-septembre, 06 **structures sanitaires** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 **pill\u00e9es** ou\nendommag\u00e9es (Gina, Njala) et le personnel soignant s\u2019est vu menac\u00e9 ou\nfrapp\u00e9/bless\u00e9, privant ainsi plus de 53,000 personnes de soins de sant\u00e9\nde qualit\u00e9 dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Fataki et Mangala.\n\n\n- En octobre, au moins 15 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s notamment lors des\nattaques contre de nombreuses localit\u00e9s dans les Zones de Sant\u00e9 de\nBambu et de Drodro ainsi que lors des affrontements du 22 octobre entre\nles combattants du groupe Za\u00efre et les militaires des FARDC dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Pluto.\n\n\n- Dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Tchomia, en fin octobre 2024, les **inondations**\nd\u00e9coulant de la crue du Lac Albert auraient endommag\u00e9 **160** habitations\net 20 embarcations de p\u00eache, poussant environ **11 700 personnes** \u00e0 se\nd\u00e9placer vers des familles d\u2019accueil dans les zones environnantes y\ncompris dans le site des PDI de Nyamusasi 2. [3]\n\n\n3 Rapport de Situation humanitaire No.11 du 08 novembre 2024, OCHA, RDC\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IRUMU**\n\n\n# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n\n\n\n- Avec **521** abus et violations rapport\u00e9s en septembre et **463** en octobre,\nle territoire d\u2019Irumu repr\u00e9sente environ 24 % de l\u2019ensemble des incidents\nrapport\u00e9s dans la province au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous examen.\n\n\n- La poursuite des op\u00e9rations militaires des forces coalis\u00e9es FARDCUPDF dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Boga, Komanda et Mambasa aurait\npouss\u00e9 les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants ADF \u00e0 prendre fuite vers l\u2019axe\nKomanda-Luna.\n\n\nPendant cette fuite, ceux-ci se seraient trouv\u00e9s dans l\u2019obligation de\nlib\u00e9rer 118 personnes qu\u2019ils tenaient en **otage** dans la for\u00eat environnant\nles villages de Mont Hoyo, Kalakala et Bukoko en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de\nKomanda. La plupart des otages auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s entre ao\u00fbt et\nseptembre 2024 dans les territoires d\u2019Irumu et de Mambasa.\n\n\nL\u2019on note toutefois plusieurs abus leur all\u00e9gu\u00e9s dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9\nde Komanda notamment 03 **homicides** et de 01 cas de **coups et**\n**blessures** document\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 de Mafifi le 10 septembre.\n\n\nEntre le 19 et le 26 octobre, au moins 08 homicides et 17 **enl\u00e8vements**\ndes personnes retourn\u00e9es leurs seraient all\u00e9gu\u00e9s dans les Zones Sant\u00e9\nde Komanda et de Boga.\n\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants arm\u00e9s de la FRPI et des Allied Democratic\nForces/Forces d\u00e9mocratiques alli\u00e9es (ADF) ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans les Zones de Sant\u00e9 de Gety, Boga et Komanda o\u00f9\nils se seraient illustr\u00e9s par de nombreux abus de droits humains, tels que\nles coups et blessures, les **arrestations et d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales**, les\npillages ainsi que des **extorsions des biens** .\n\n\n- Le territoire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par des cas d\u2019 **enl\u00e8vements**\n**d\u2019enfants** par des personnes non autrement identifi\u00e9es. 02 cas auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 de Busiyo, Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Boga le 19 et\nle 22 octobre. Les victimes seraient toutes deux \u00e2g\u00e9es de moins de 10\nans.\n\n\n\n\n- Une baisse des violations/abus a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de mi-septembre\n\u00e0 la suite des op\u00e9rations militaires des forces mutualis\u00e9es (FARDCUPDF) qui se sont poursuivies dans la partie sud-est de Mambasa.\n\n\n- L\u2019environnement de protection reste marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme des ADF qui\n\u00e9volue au gr\u00e9 de l\u2019intensification ou de l\u2019arr\u00eat des op\u00e9rations militaires\nd\u2019une zone de sant\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019autre.\n\n\nEn effet, depuis mi-ao\u00fbt l\u2019arr\u00eat des op\u00e9rations militaires dans la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Lolwa aurait favoris\u00e9 des **meurtres, enl\u00e8vements, pillages** et\nautres abus des droits humains.\n\n\n- Dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 en\nprovenance du Nord-Kivu auraient lanc\u00e9 depuis le 18 septembre une\ncampagne de **recrutement forc\u00e9 des mineurs** . Au cours de la p\u00e9riode,\nau moins **35 enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enr\u00f4l\u00e9s**, y compris des enfants des\nPDIs.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Le territoire de Mahagi demeure marqu\u00e9 par **l\u2019activisme de deux**\n**groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux**, le groupe arm\u00e9 CODECO/URDPC et le groupe\narm\u00e9 Za\u00efre, perp\u00e9trant chacun des **actes de repr\u00e9sailles** contre la\ncommunaut\u00e9 (Hema ou Lendu) \u00e0 laquelle le groupe arm\u00e9 rival s\u2019identifie.\n\n- Il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 au cours de la p\u00e9riode une hausse remarquable des cas\nde **travaux forc\u00e9s** all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la\nCODECO/URDPC particuli\u00e8rement dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Kambala\no\u00f9 au moins **1 953 cas** (1 100 femmes et 853 hommes) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\nentre le 07 et le 16 septembre. Les victimes seraient contraintes \u00e0 des\ntravaux de construction de cases dans des campements de groupes\narm\u00e9s, des travaux champ\u00eatres, ou le ravitaillement en bois de\nchauffage. Cette situation perturbe les activit\u00e9s quotidiennes des\npopulations.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- Avec **123** abus et violations rapport\u00e9s en septembre, le territoire a connu\nune hausse significative des cas de violations des droits humains\ncomparativement au mois d\u2019aout au cours duquel **86** abus avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s avant de connaitre une baisse au mois d\u2019octobre avec **46** cas\nsignal\u00e9s.\n\n\n- La hausse du mois de septembre serait relative aux multiples actes\n**d\u2019extorsions et arrestations arbitraires** all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux militaires\nFARDC, aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la PNC, agents de la DGM et de l\u2019ANR qui\nauraient commis des tracasseries \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apr\u00e8s\nl\u2019assistance en Cash Grant et la distribution en vivres dont ils auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires dans les sites de Meri et de Bele.\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**
|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
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droit \u00e0 la
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droit \u00e0 la vie
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**0ct**|\n\n\nEn septembre et octobre 2024, respectivement pr\u00e8s de **1 350** violations/abus\ndes droits humains et plus de **1 593** violations/abus des droits humains ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de protection dans le Nord\nKivu. Depuis octobre 2024, le cluster protection du Nord Kivu a avanc\u00e9 sur\nsyst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection permettant de consolid\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es\n\n\n\nvenant de plusieurs partenaires diff\u00e9rents. Le tableau ci-haut reprend pour\noctobre des donn\u00e9es provenant de 07 partenaires. Des efforts\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires seront fournis dans les mois qui viennent pour \u00e9tendre cette\napproche \u00e0 un plus grand nombre de partenaires et de zones.\n\n\nIl est \u00e9galement \u00e0 noter que la couverture du monitoring de protection reste\npartielle et qu\u2019elle ne donne aucune visibilit\u00e9 sur le territoire de Walikale\naujourd\u2019hui \u00e9galement affect\u00e9 par les affrontements entre M23 et les groupes\narm\u00e9s alli\u00e9s aux FARDC et o\u00f9 des localit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques telles que Kalembe,\nIbuga, Minjenji, Mpeti et Katobi seraient tomb\u00e9es sous leur domination du\nM23.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Durant les deux mois sous revue, les **op\u00e9rations militaires conjointes**\ndes Forces de d\u00e9fense du peuple ougandais (UPDF) et des Forces\nArm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) ont\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 une **r\u00e9duction des attaques** du groupe arm\u00e9 ADF dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha, en particulier dans le groupement Batangi Mbau,\ncontraignant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe arm\u00e9 \u00e0 se **d\u00e9placer vers**\n**d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s o\u00f9 il y a un vide s\u00e9curitaire.**\n\n\n- D\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s ont poursuivi des incursions accompagn\u00e9es\nd\u2019all\u00e9gation d\u2019abus dans plusieurs villages dont notamment les\ngroupements de Batangi-Mbau et Baswagha-Madiwe.\n\n\n- La **pr\u00e9sence d\u2019engins explosif dans les zones fr\u00e9quent\u00e9es par les**\n**civils** demeure une menace en d\u00e9pit de l\u2019accalmie observ\u00e9e ; les\nsources locales ont rapport\u00e9 la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un engin explosif le 28\nseptembre dans la commune de Mulekera (ville de Beni) ; une \u00e9quipe de\nd\u00e9minage a pu s\u00e9curiser la zone dans l\u2019imm\u00e9diat.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- Les affrontements se sont poursuivis entre les ADF et d'autres groupes\narm\u00e9s, en d\u00e9pit du cessez-le-feu, entra\u00eenant les **d\u00e9placements** des civils\net compliquant l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 14 septembre, des mouvements des ADF auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s aux alentours de Mangurujipa, entra\u00eenant le **d\u00e9placement**\npr\u00e9ventif d'environ **1 575 m\u00e9nages** vers des familles d\u2019accueil dans les\nvillages B\u00e9b\u00e9, Njiapanda-Centre, Biambwe, Musienene et Musimba,\ngroupements Manzi et Bapakombe.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nEn octobre, au moins **25 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s** et une **centaine de**\n**maisons incendi\u00e9es** dans les villages de Mabana, Makaburi et Bilulu,\ndans le groupement de Bapakombe. Le d\u00e9placement de nombreuses\npersonnes vers Mangurejipa, Njiapanda, Mwenye et Musimba a \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9.\n\n\n- En outre, les civils seraient contraints de payer des **taxes ill\u00e9gales**\n**impos\u00e9es** par le groupe arm\u00e9 Front des Patriotes pour la Paix/Arm\u00e9e du\nPeuple (FPP/AP) et en cas de retard de payement, ils seraient soumis \u00e0\ndes punitions.\n\n\nC\u2019est le cas dans le groupement de Musindi o\u00f9, le 10 septembre, deux\nhommes retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 fouett\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 au village de Kanyandah. L\u2019une des victimes aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 **gri\u00e8vement**\n**bless\u00e9e.**\n\n\n**10 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements** auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s le 1 [er] octobre sur l\u2019axe\nKanyabayonga ; parmi eux, il y aurait 8 cas de personnes retourn\u00e9es\nsoumises au paiement d\u2019un jeton de r\u00e9sidence. Les victimes auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es le lendemain moyennant le paiement d\u2019une amende.\n\n- Il est important de rappeler que les zones qui connaissent une\n**prolif\u00e9ration des acteurs arm\u00e9s** sont expos\u00e9es **au danger des restes**\n**explosifs de guerre (REG),** exposant les civils \u00e0 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s ou blessures\ngraves. Le 17 septembre, un engin explosif aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert dans la\ncommune rurale de Lubero, au quartier Vukano. Le 23 octobre, un engin\nexplosif (une roquette) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert par un enseignant dans la cour\nde l'Institut Busamba, situ\u00e9 dans le village de Kimbulu.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 le cessez-le-feu, les affrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23,\ndivers groupes arm\u00e9s et les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique\nD\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) ont repris et se sont intensifi\u00e9s sur\nplusieurs lignes de front, provoquant le d\u00e9placement massif de m\u00e9nages\net de nombreuses violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, en d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, une tension \u00e0 la gestion des\ntaxes ill\u00e9gales collect\u00e9es dans la zone entre deux factions d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 a caus\u00e9 des **incendies de plusieurs maisons** de civils lors\nd\u2019\u00e9changes de tirs dans le groupement Buabo, aggravant la situation de\nprotection des civils dans la zone.\n\n\n\nLe 23 septembre, des affrontements entre le M23, divers groupes arm\u00e9s\net les FARDC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans les villages de Miano, dans le\ngroupement Banyungu : Des **violences sexuelles graves** auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ncommises sur des femmes lors de ces d\u00e9placements et sept femmes\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es. Environ 506 m\u00e9nages de 2 530 individus du village\nde Miano et ses environs (Kalonge, Mumba, Musongati, Kausa,\nKanzenze, Buku Kilongo) se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans diverses directions.\n\n\nPlusieurs villages du territoire de Walikale, limitrophe du territoire de\nMasisi, seraient pass\u00e9s sous le contr\u00f4le d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Cette\nextension du conflit dans le territoire de Walikale rev\u00eat des risques\nd\u2019aggraver la crise humanitaire dans l\u2019est de la RDC.\n\n\n- Dans le groupement Bapfuna, l\u2019 **acc\u00e8s humanitaire** a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 mal ; les\nactivit\u00e9s humanitaires, notamment celles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la lutte contre la violence\nbas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG), ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entrav\u00e9es par un groupe arm\u00e9. Pour\nrappel, depuis le mois de mai, les activit\u00e9s de protection, particuli\u00e8rement\ncelles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la VBG, seraient interdites dans cette zone.\n\n\nLe 21 septembre, quatre agents d\u2019une organisation humanitaire\nnationale qui participaient \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 de r\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique\n\u00e0 Lwibo, Kaandja et Lukweti 2 auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par ce groupe arm\u00e9\n\u00e0 Lwibo. Ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de mener des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la\nVBG et auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s apr\u00e8s interrogatoire, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention\ndes autorit\u00e9s du secteur d'Osso Banyungu. Ces agents participaient \u00e0\nune activit\u00e9 de r\u00e9insertion socio-\u00e9conomique \u00e0 Lwibo, Kaandja et\nLukweti.\n\n\n- Les **\u00e9coles sont \u00e9galement la cible** d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes arm\u00e9s avec\ncomme incidence la suspension des cours. A titre d\u2019illustration, le 26\nseptembre, trois \u00e9coles primaires, situ\u00e9es dans le village de Bitonga,\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es de leur mat\u00e9riel par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une coalition de\ngroupes arm\u00e9s. Les pupitres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits et utilis\u00e9s comme bois\nde chauffe. Les activit\u00e9s dans ces \u00e9coles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendues\ndepuis janvier en raison des affrontements r\u00e9currents dans la zone.\n\n\n- Des **actes de repr\u00e9sailles graves contre les civils** persistent,\nnotamment lorsque ceux-ci sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de collaborer avec des\nacteurs arm\u00e9s rivaux. Ils sont ainsi expos\u00e9s \u00e0 diverses exactions, y\ncompris des meurtres et le ralentissement du retour des populations.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 13 septembre, environ cinquante maisons de civils\nsoup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de collaborer avec deux groupes arm\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nincendi\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 dans les villages de\nBunkuba et Rurimba, situ\u00e9s dans le groupement Buabo.\n\n\n31 cas de recrutements forc\u00e9s des jeunes gens par un groupe arm\u00e9 ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s le 4 octobre dans la localit\u00e9 de Kashuga. Les\nr\u00e9calcitrants seraient accus\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre affili\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux,\nles exposant \u00e0 toutes formes d\u2019exactions.\n\n\nEn outre, entre les 11 et 16 octobre, 5 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et 6 bless\u00e9s\npar balle et \u00e0 la machette lors d'incursions nocturnes \u00e0 Bwanga et\nKishongya, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Les victimes\n\u00e9taient accus\u00e9es de collaboration avec des groupes arm\u00e9s oppos\u00e9s.\nPr\u00e8s de 159 m\u00e9nages retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers des familles\nd'accueil \u00e0 Bweremana Centre.\n\n- La **violation du caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites** persiste au\ncentre de Masisi, en raison de la prolif\u00e9ration des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans\ncette zone, exacerb\u00e9e par les affrontements.\nDu 6 au 23 septembre, au moins 16 incursions auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es\ndans les sites de Katale, Bihito, Mater Dei et Kalinga. Lors de ces\nincursions, 18 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de deux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et lib\u00e9r\u00e9s apr\u00e8s paiement de ran\u00e7ons de 40 000 FC par\npersonne, des biens auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s dans quatre maisons de PDI, et\nune jeune fille aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 fouett\u00e9e.\n\n\nEn octobre, 25 incursions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es dans les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nde Katale, Bihito et Kalinga, impliquant plusieurs groupes arm\u00e9s,\noccasionnant des enl\u00e8vements et recrutements d\u2019enfants.\n\n\n- Lors des combats, l' **utilisation de bombes dans des zones habit\u00e9es**\naurait caus\u00e9 des victimes civiles. En septembre et octobre, l'utilisation\nd'armes lourdes aurait caus\u00e9 la mort d\u2019au moins 14 personnes\nretourn\u00e9es (dont 11 en octobre) et bless\u00e9 36 autres par des \u00e9clats d'obus\nou balles perdues. Au moins 154 maisons civiles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nd\u00e9truites/pill\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Tous les villages du territoire seraient pass\u00e9s sous le contr\u00f4le du M23 et\nd\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s resteraient cantonn\u00e9s dans le Parc national des\nVirunga et se ravitailleraient aupr\u00e8s des civils dans les agglom\u00e9rations\nsous contr\u00f4le d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9.\n\n- La **poursuite des affrontements** entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s, au sudouest et au nord-ouest du territoire, a entra\u00een\u00e9 des **violations des droits**\n**humains et contraint les civils de fuir** leurs villages.\n\n- De graves **repr\u00e9sailles sont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es contre des civils** soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s\nd\u2019\u00eatre affili\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux, principalement\ndans le groupement Tongo, au nord-ouest du territoire, localit\u00e9s qui\n\u00e9taient autrefois des bases de ces groupes arm\u00e9s, ainsi que dans le\nregroupement de Kanyabayonga.\n\n\nLe 16 septembre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient attaqu\u00e9 des\npositions d\u2019une coalition de groupes arm\u00e9s dans les villages de Bundase\net Ruza, au groupement Tongo. Trois hommes retourn\u00e9s, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0\ndes membres de la coalition, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un\ngroupe arm\u00e9. Le 24 septembre, six hommes r\u00e9cemment retourn\u00e9s\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s dans leurs champs, pr\u00e8s du village de Marangara,\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Ces victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9es\n\u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 rival et auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9es dans un\ncampement d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 \u00e0 Butare.\n\n\nEn outre, le 20 octobre, 9 civils retourn\u00e9s soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de liens avec des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s rivaux, dont un enfant de 16 ans, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s \u00e0 la\nmachette par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe dans le village de Kishishe,\ndans le groupement de Bambu.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 en septembre qu\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 **recruterait des enfants**\n**pour percevoir des taxes ill\u00e9gales** aux barri\u00e8res dans le nord-ouest du\nterritoire. Le 6 septembre, trois enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 14 \u00e0 16 ans auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nrecrut\u00e9s par ce groupe arm\u00e9 au village de Butare, dans le groupement\nde Tongo, et positionn\u00e9s \u00e0 deux barri\u00e8res pour collecter ces taxes.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- La prolif\u00e9ration des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les zones d\u2019accueil des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\u00e0 Nyiragongo et \u00e0 Goma contribue \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante et compromet\nfortement la protection des civils.\n\n\n- Des **affrontements entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9**\n**des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes** (PDI) d\u00e9t\u00e9riorent\ngravement l\u2019environnement de protection, causant des victimes parmi les\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s et compliquant davantage la situation humanitaire.\n\n- Certaines sources attribueraient **des affrontements** entre plusieurs\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo (FARDC) pr\u00e8s du site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Lushagala Extension, situ\u00e9\ndans le quartier Mugunga, \u00e0 Goma \u00e0 des tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la **perception**\n**de taxes ill\u00e9gales impos\u00e9es** aux civils qui traversent des points de\ncontr\u00f4le tenus par les acteurs arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nAu regard des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s dans le site, ces combats ont\nvraisemblablement impliqu\u00e9 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019armes lourdes, certaines\ntombant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du site. Deux abris de PDIs au sein du site de\nLushagala Extension auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement d\u00e9truits par des\nprojectiles d\u2019armes lourdes utilis\u00e9es lors des combats.\n\n\n- La **caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s** a \u00e9t\u00e9 une fois\nde plus viol\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite des incidents enregistr\u00e9s. Une pr\u00e9sence visible\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s FARDC dans les sites aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e ;\nplusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s se seraient infiltr\u00e9s dans le site lors de leur\nfuite dans la confusion des combats, aggravant ainsi la situation\ns\u00e9curitaire.\n\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence de positions militaires autour des sites de PDI augmente le\nrisque d\u2019 **abandon d\u2019engins explosifs** sur ces lieux, et expose\nparticuli\u00e8rement les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes aux dangers associ\u00e9s \u00e0 ces\nengins. En effet, le 12 septembre, trois enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 10 \u00e0 14 ans\nauraient perdu la vie apr\u00e8s avoir manipul\u00e9 un engin explosif abandonn\u00e9\n\u00e0 environ 1 km du site de Lwashi.\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|All\u00e9gations
Violations de
la R\u00e9solution
1612|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|\n|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Fizi**
49
82
25
36
58
67
0
7
6
15
**_138_**
**_207_**
**Kalehe**
78
19
9
41
10
1
36
122
13
35
11
22
**_179_**
**_479_**
**Uvira**
29
69
9
42
30
63
0
3
7
25
**_75_**
**_212_**
**Shabunda**
-
13
4
-
13
1
-
67
-
12
-
42
-
**_386_**
**Mwenga**
-
53
-
31
-
54
-
19
-
14
-
**_173_**
**Walungu**
-
96
-
63
-
72
-
10
-
7
-
**_248_**
**Total**
**156**
**63**
**3 **
**75**
**40**
**4 **
**124**
**445**
**13**
**86**
**24**
**135**
**_392_**
**_1705_**|\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois de septembre, une baisse de 4% des violations/abus des\ndroits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e comparativement au mois d\u2019aout et\ncons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 une relative am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019environnement de\nprotection dans certaines entit\u00e9s de certains territoires (notamment \u00e0 Uvira\net \u00e0 Fizi) avec l\u2019appui des autorit\u00e9s et des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat et le\nmanque d'acc\u00e8s dans les Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira et le sud de\nMinembwe/Fizi d\u00fb aux op\u00e9rations des FARDC et aux affrontements entre les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s au sud de Minembwe/Fizi.\n\n\nEn octobre, \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019\u00e9largissement des zones de couverture du\nmonitoring de protection avec 3 territoires suppl\u00e9mentaires et 45 axes\n(Shabunda, Mwenga et Walungu) une consid\u00e9rable augmentation des\nincidents a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e comparativement aux mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.\nL\u2019 **activisme des groupes arm** \u00e9 **s** a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019un des facteurs non\nn\u00e9gligeables de l\u2019augmentation observ\u00e9e.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Plus de **28%** des violations et abus des droits humains rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince du Sud Kivu en octobre sont identifi\u00e9s dans le territoire de\nKalehe avec principalement les cat\u00e9gories de violations que sont les\natteintes au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, suivies des atteintes au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9,\ndes atteintes au droit \u00e0 la vie et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, les all\u00e9gations de\nVBG et de violations de la r\u00e9solution 1612.\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Kalehe, des tensions perceptibles ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es entre les militaires des FARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments Wazalendo\ndans les r\u00e9gions nord et nord-est du territoire en raison des menaces des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 \u00e0 partir de la province du Nord Kivu. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nWazalendo sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement index\u00e9s pour les abus de droits de\nl\u2019homme sur des civils dans la zone.\n\n\n- En septembre, la reprise des affrontements entre les militaires des\nFARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 au Nord Kivu avec l\u2019 **usage de bombes**\na continu\u00e9 d\u2019impacter Minova-centre o\u00f9 trois bombes \u00e9taient tomb\u00e9es\ndans les champs \u00e0 Katale et Marangara.\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 la persistance de **barri\u00e8res payantes** attribu\u00e9es aux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et aux militaires FARDC dans certains axes avec\nplusieurs abus/violations des droits humains qui y sont document\u00e9s, dont\ndes mauvais traitements, meurtres, extorsions de biens, enl\u00e8vements.\n\n- Les PDIs subiraient des tracasseries de la part des militaires FARDC\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Minova o\u00f9 leurs mouvements vers le territoire\nde Masisi sont restreints alors qu\u2019ils cherchent \u00e0 se procurer des vivres\ndans leurs champs abandonn\u00e9s. Entre septembre et octobre, 11 cas\nd\u2019 **arrestation arbitraires** de PDIs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par des sources\nlocales.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- Des **incursions,** **enl\u00e8vements**, **extorsions des biens des civils** et\n**abus sexuels** attribu\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans le\nterritoire de Shabunda en octobre 2024. La protection des civils au sein\nde diff\u00e9rents villages a \u00e9t\u00e9 compromise \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e\n\u00e0 des hommes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, 4 attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans les carr\u00e9s miniers\nMybi, Mpulunge/Kamabulungu et Matembela. Au cours de ces attaques,\nde l\u2019argent et des biens des civils \u00e9taient extorqu\u00e9s ; des travaux forc\u00e9s\n\u00e9taient impos\u00e9s aux civils, des personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es.\n\n\nEn outre, le 5 octobre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une faction d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9\nauraient conduit une incursion dans les sites miniers de Mpulungwe,\nKamatembele et Kamabulungu, au sud-est de Shabunda. Quatre\nfemmes PDIs retourn\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement et auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es d\u2019une importante somme d\u2019argent et de plusieurs biens.\n\n\n**WALUNGU**\n\n\n- Des actes de **pillages**, d\u2019 **enl\u00e8vements**, de **braquages** et **l\u2019\u00e9rection des**\n**barri\u00e8res payantes** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de diff\u00e9rentes\nfactions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 en octobre. En effet, plusieurs attaques \u00e0 main\narm\u00e9e doubl\u00e9es des traitements inhumains et d\u00e9gradants et des actes\nd\u2019extorsion des biens des populations civiles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019Ouest, au sud-ouest et au nord-ouest de Walungu, cr\u00e9ant une psychose\naupr\u00e8s de la population civile et restreignant les mouvements vers des\nlieux d\u2019approvisionnement ou les champs.\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Dans le territoire d\u2019Uvira, l\u2019on a not\u00e9, en septembre, la **poursuite des**\n**op\u00e9rations militaires** conjointes des FARDC et du contingent Burundais\ncontre les groupes arm\u00e9s dans les Moyens Plateaux du groupement de\nKigoma, \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de Sange et, en octobre, la forte pr\u00e9sence des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une **ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante** dans\nles Hauts et Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira.\n\n\nDans la ville d\u2019Uvira et ses p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries **l\u2019augmentation de la criminalit\u00e9**\nimput\u00e9e \u00e0 des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e en\nseptembre. Des embuscades sont tendues par ces inconnus arm\u00e9s\ncontre les civils fr\u00e9quentant le tron\u00e7on Uvira-Kahwizi-Luberizi, sur la\nroute nationale \u21165, dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi, au nord d\u2019Uvira. Des\nbiens et des marchandises sont quotidiennement extorqu\u00e9s aux\nvoyageurs. Selon les sources locales, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments Wazalendo sont \u00e0\nla base de la criminalit\u00e9 dans la ville d\u2019Uvira et dans la Plaine de la Ruzizi.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nEn octobre, des populations des Hauts-Plateaux (principalement des\npopulations autochtones), craignant un affrontement entre les militaires\net des groupes arm\u00e9s, ont fui pr\u00e9ventivement la zone vers les villages\nLushama, Migera, Kyugama et Kazunguzibwa.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**
|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Conflits
fonciers|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|\n|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**Oct**
**Sept**
**0ct**
**Kalemie**
160
307
63
153
48
139
9
0
8
18
**_279_**
**_617_**
**Nyunzu**
163
62
8
13
37
18
19
21
15
8
**_242_**
**_122_**
**Total**
**323**
**369**
**71**
**166**
**85**
**157**
**19**
**21**
**23**
**26**
**_521_**
**_739_**|\n\n\n\n- Une augmentation d\u2019environ **28%** de violations et abus des droits\nhumains par rapport aux donn\u00e9es du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2024 a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e\nau cours des deux derniers mois.\n\n\nLe droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (taxes ill\u00e9gales, pillages, extorsions) est celui qui a\nle plus fait l\u2019objet d\u2019atteinte au cours de la p\u00e9riode, suivi du droit \u00e0 la vie\net \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et blessures, tortures/traitements\ninhumains et mutilations), puis le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (travaux forc\u00e9s,\nlimitations de mouvements, arrestation arbitraire) et les all\u00e9gations de\nVBG qui sont elles aussi significatives.\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- La situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 domin\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme des miliciens Twa,\nBantou et des miliciens non identifi\u00e9s. Des abus r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs des droits\nhumains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours d\u2019incursions et d\u2019embuscades,\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de civils par les milices mixtes qui op\u00e9reraient sur\ndiff\u00e9rents axes, dont les axes de Kalemie-Nyemba, Kalemie-Bendera,\nKalemie-Nyunzu, Kalemie-Kabimba, et Quatre coins-Katanika.\n\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, sur l\u2019axe Nyunzu, le 03 octobre, une embuscade\ntendue par des miliciens non identifi\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e dans la chefferie\nTumbwe, groupement Kalumbi : 11 personnes (motards avec des\npassagers) en provenance de Kalemie et de Nyunzu, se sont vu **piller**\n**leurs biens** et 5 femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 **abus\u00e9es sexuellement** par les\nmiliciens.\n\n\n- Plusieurs cas de **taxes ill\u00e9gales** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dont les auteurs\nseraient des FARDC sur diff\u00e9rentes positions sur l\u2019axe Kalemie-Kabwela.\n\n\n- Un **mouvement de population** a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 le 19 septembre dans le\nterritoire de Kalemie, chefferie Tumbwe groupement Kasanga dans le\nvillage Pukume \u00e0 la suite du d\u00e9c\u00e8s d'une femme Twa tu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une\nfl\u00e8che par un bantou qui serait membre d\u2019un groupe milicien inconnu. Les\npopulations se sont r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es dans les villages Kasanga Nyemba,\nMumbwile et Katemwa, par crainte de repr\u00e9sailles de la part des twa ;\n\n\nLe 26 septembre 2024, entre les deux villages de Lumumba et Tande,\nsitu\u00e9s dans le groupement Lambo-Katenga, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nNyemba, des occupants d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule et six motards ont crois\u00e9 un\ngroupe de six individus non identifi\u00e9s avec des armes blanches telles que\ndes machettes, des couteaux et des fl\u00e8ches, ainsi que deux armes \u00e0 feu,\net se sont fait d\u00e9rober tous leurs biens ; un motard a \u00e9t\u00e9 gri\u00e8vement\nbless\u00e9 au couteau avant d\u2019\u00eatre abandonn\u00e9 en brousse. En l'espace d'une\nsemaine entre le 23 au 29 septembre, plus de 10 cas d'attaques contre\nles usagers de cette route ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, d\u2019apr\u00e8s des sources\nlocales. Celles-ci rapportent que toutes les fois que les motards croisent\nces bandits, ils les conduisent dans la brousse et les lib\u00e8rent apr\u00e8s les\navoir d\u00e9pouill\u00e9s de tout, et en cas de r\u00e9sistance, les victimes sont soit\nbless\u00e9es soit tu\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Le 15 septembre 2024, plus de 85% d\u2019abris construits dans le site\nspontan\u00e9 de Katanyika, situ\u00e9 dans l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kifungo, Zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Kal\u00e9mie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un important **incendie**\nd\u2019origine inconnue. Cette trag\u00e9die s\u2019est produite dans le site qui abritait\nune premi\u00e8re vague des sinistr\u00e9s des inondations du lac Tanganyika au\nvillage Katanyika depuis avril 2024 et, une deuxi\u00e8me vague de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ndepuis juin et juillet 2024, ayant fui les violences arm\u00e9es des Mai Mai\nFimbo na Fimbo, au Sud de Kalemie (pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en provenance des\nvillages Mulange et Tumbwe-Koki). Deux personnes sont mortes, plus\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nde 14 000 personnes se sont retrouv\u00e9es sans abris, parmi lesquelles\n70% des enfants et femmes.\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n- On continue \u00e0 d\u00e9crier **l\u2019activisme des milices** twa dans le territoire o\u00f9 il\nest rapport\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9currente des **braquages** au cours desquels\non enregistre des violations commises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la population civile.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 le 02 septembre 2024, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyunzu\ndans le territoire de Nyunzu, secteur Nord Lukuga, des cas d\u2019 **extorsion**\npar les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC qui imposeraient \u00e0 la population locale qui\neffectue les **travaux** champ\u00eatres dans la zone de leur donner un montant\nde 500 000 FC et des poules pour ceux qui ne d\u00e9tiendraient pas de\ncartes d\u2019\u00e9lecteur.\n\n\nEn octobre, sur l\u2019axe Sud du territoire de Nyunzu notamment sur les\nbarri\u00e8res \u00e0 Mukenza et Muleya, respectivement dans les aires de sant\u00e9\nde Mangala et Lwizi, plusieurs cas **d\u2019extorsion et de taxes ill\u00e9gales**\nsont commis par les autorit\u00e9s civiles notamment les agents de la DGM\net TransCom, la PNC et les FARDC (uniquement sur la barri\u00e8re de\nMukenza).\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, en septembre, un cas de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre a\nsuscit\u00e9 des **tensions communautaires** dans le village Lombwa,\ngroupement Bayolo, aire de sant\u00e9 Masamba. En effet, un homme a\npoignard\u00e9 sa femme au ventre car il soup\u00e7onnait cette derni\u00e8re de lui\n\u00eatre infid\u00e8le. Un affrontement a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 entre la famille du pr\u00e9sum\u00e9\nauteur et celle de la survivante qui n\u2019a pas dig\u00e9r\u00e9 l\u2019acte de son mari.\n\n\n**KONGOLO**\n\n- Le 16 septembre, environ 750 huttes (43% des abris) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s\ndans le site de Kaseya. Les victimes ont perdu tous leurs biens : articles\nm\u00e9nagers essentiels, moyens de subsistances et vivres.\n\n\n\n|Territ oires Violations et abus des droits des droits humains
Violation du
Violation du
Violation du droit droit \u00e0 la vie All\u00e9gations
droit \u00e0 la Total
\u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 VBG
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
physique|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**

**Violations et abus des droits des droits humains**
Violation du droit
\u00e0 la libert\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9
Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique
All\u00e9gations
VBG
Total|Violation du droit
\u00e0 la libert\u00e9|Violation du droit
\u00e0 la libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|All\u00e9gations
VBG|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|Total|\n||**Sep**|**Oct**|**Sep**|**Oct**|**Sep**|**Oct**|**Sep**|**Oct**|**Sep**|**Oct**|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|**Province du KASA\u00cf**|\n|**Kamonia**|31|31|148|154|146|127|125|129|450|441|\n|**Luebo**|34|47|24|47|57|50|27|43|142|187|\n|**Mweka**|14|35|16|58|25|60|27|67|82|220|\n|**Total**|**79**|**113**|**188**|**259**|**228**|**237**|**179**|**239**|**674**|**848**|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL**|\n|**Kabeya-Kamwanga**|14|13|43|126|155|141|0|14|212|294|\n|**Mbuji-Mayi**|15|10|134|98|238|117|9|4|396|229|\n|**Tshilenge**|24|26|71|71|72|89|11|10|181|196|\n|**Total**|**53**|**49**|**248**|**295**|**465**|**347**|**20**|**28**|**789**|**719**|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL**|\n|**Demba**|1|14|16|123|31|101|3|34|51|**272**|\n|**Kananga**|23|57|172|166|125|128|42|68|362|**419**|\n|**Autres**|0|0|1|0|1|1|4|0|6|**1 **|\n|**Total**|**24**|**71**|**189**|**289**|**157**|**230**|**49**|**102**|**419**|**692**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_\n\n\n## PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASA\u00cf ORIENTAL, KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KASAI**\n\n\n# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL**\n\n\n\n\n- Entre les deux mois sous revue, une augmentation de plus de 20% des\nviolations et abus des droits humains a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e.\nLe contexte s\u00e9curitaire dans la ville de Tshikapa justifie cette hausse\nexponentielle. Les violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\nrepr\u00e9sentent un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 devant le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et les\nall\u00e9gations de VBG.\n\n\nLa ville de Tshikapa a continu\u00e9 d\u2019enregistrer des **actes de banditisme**\ngrandissant, y compris dans des zones s\u00e9curis\u00e9es, ceci de la part\nd\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s, dont certains seraient en uniforme de la\npolice ou des FARDC.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, dans la commune de Dibumba 2, des femmes et des jeunes\nfilles sont inqui\u00e9t\u00e9es par des bandits qui ravissent leurs v\u00eatements et\nautres objets de valeur et subissent des **agressions sexuelles**\nlorsqu\u2019elles sont \u00e0 la rivi\u00e8re pour y faire la lessive.\n\n- Un autre ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9current dans la province du Kasa\u00ef est\n**l\u2019exploitation des enfants** . Dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Mweka,\nKakenge, Luebo, Ndjokopunda et Kamonia, des gar\u00e7ons et des filles sont\nutilis\u00e9s par leurs parents pour la commercialisation de divers produits.\nCertains sont oblig\u00e9s de parcourir de longues distances \u00e0 pied pour\natteindre les march\u00e9s. Ces pratiques exposent ces enfants \u00e0 la nonscolarisation et \u00e0 divers risques de VBG et autres formes de violences.\n\n\n**Kamako**\n\n\nPlusieurs cas d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 caus\u00e9s par des cambrioleurs et coupeurs de\nroute ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans la commune rurale de Kamonia (route\nKamako).\n\n\n1 739 Congolais en s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier en Angola ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9s de\nl\u2019Angola au cours des mois de septembre et octobre.\n\n\n\n\n- La majorit\u00e9 des violations et abus des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nprincipalement document\u00e9s \u00e0 Mbujimayi, Kabeya Kamuanga et\nTshilenge. Les violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique\nrepr\u00e9sentent un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 devant les autres types de violations.\n\n- La ville de Mbuji-Mayi a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e en octobre par le retour du\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des **kidnappings**, avec trois victimes sauv\u00e9es de justesse\npar la police. \u00c0 cela s'ajoute le banditisme nocturne arm\u00e9.\n\n- Dans la ville de Mbuji-Mayi, il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9, en octobre, la\nd\u00e9molition de maisons dans le quartier de la Plaine, en vue de la\nmodernisation de l\u2019a\u00e9roport. 800 m\u00e9nages se retrouvent en difficult\u00e9 de\nlogement et la majorit\u00e9 des victimes a trouv\u00e9 refuge dans des \u00e9glises et\ndes centres de sant\u00e9 des quartiers voisins.\n\n\n- Le territoire de Kabeya Kamuanga, secteur du Lac Munkamba est en\nproie \u00e0 des **conflits coutumiers** entre deux pr\u00e9tendants au pouvoir de\nBena Kazadi, entra\u00eenant des incendies de champs et maisons et des\nd\u00e9placements de personnes.\n\n\nDe plus, dans le groupement de Bakua Kashila 2, la cohabitation entre\nles originaires et les non-originaires est perturb\u00e9e par des originaires\ndudit groupement qui s\u2019emparent des champs agricoles des nonoriginaires, cr\u00e9ant ainsi des troubles parmi la population.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n- Les territoires de Dimbelenge, Dibaya et Demba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s au\ncours des deux derniers mois par des **conflits intercommunautaires et**\n**des luttes de pouvoir coutumier**, opposant les populations de\ndiff\u00e9rents villages ou groupements, ainsi que les partisans des candidats\nau tr\u00f4ne dans ces localit\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Provinces|Violations et abus des droits en septembre et octobre 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|** Provinces**|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|All\u00e9gations
Violations
de la
R\u00e9solution
1612|All\u00e9gations
VBG|**Total**|\n\n\n\n**Sept** **0ct** **Sept** **0ct** **Sept** **Oct** **Sept** **Oct** **Sept** **Oct** **Sept** **0ct**\n\n\n**Province du Kwango**\n\n\n**Province du Kwilu**\n\n\n**Province du Mai-Ndombe**\n\n\n**Kwamouth** 61 81 2 8 44 29 0 2 13 19 _**120**_ _**139**_\n\n\n**Kinshasa**\n\n\nUne troisi\u00e8me tentative de r\u00e9solution de la crise a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite le 26 septembre\nentre des acteurs locaux et des repr\u00e9sentants de l'\u00e9tat congolais au terme\nd\u2019une retraite qui a eu lieu du 23 ou 26 septembre 2024 \u00e0 Kinshasa. Cette\nretraite qui a rassembl\u00e9 67 participants parmi lesquels des chefs des\ngroupements, des terres, des villages, les notables communautaires, la\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les leaders Mobondo, visait un traitement coh\u00e9sif des crises\nde Kwamouth. Il s\u2019agissait \u00e9galement de consolider les acquis du forum de\nla paix tenu 5 mois avant et de traiter de mani\u00e8re concr\u00e8te et effective ces\nconflits appel\u00e9s commun\u00e9ment \"Crise de Kwamouth\" qui affecte la vie\nsociale des populations de Mai-Ndombe et les autres entit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es de\nl'espace que sont le Grand Bandundu, le Kongo-Central et Kinshasa.\n\n\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- Des cas de **meurtres** et **incursions** de Mobondos ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s entre\nle 4 et 7 septembre 2024. Ainsi, l\u2019incursion de miliciens Mobondo le 05\nseptembre au village Ntela, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 18 km de la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka,\ngroupement Ngowa, a fait \u00e9tat de 8 personnes d\u00e9capit\u00e9es, quelques\nmaisons incendi\u00e9es ainsi que le d\u00e9placement massif de la population\nvers la cit\u00e9 de Popokabaka.\n\n\n- De nombreux cas d **\u2019extorsions** perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de force de\nl\u2019ordre dans les diff\u00e9rents postes de contr\u00f4le restent \u00e9galement\npr\u00e9occupants.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, au poste de contr\u00f4le se trouvant au village Kabuba\nsur RN1, zone de sant\u00e9 de Boko, les passagers \u00e0 bord des v\u00e9hicules et\ndes Motos sont oblig\u00e9s de pr\u00e9senter leurs cartes d'\u00e9lecteur et paieraient\n1 000 FC comme droit de passage. Toute personne n\u2019ayant pas une\ncarte d'\u00e9lecteur est oblig\u00e9e de payer la somme de 5 000 FC. En cas de\nnon-paiement, les personnes s\u2019exposent \u00e0 des actes de torture et des\ntravaux forc\u00e9s. En outre, trois jeunes hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s \u00e0 Pont\nKwango par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC, pendant qu\u2019ils r\u00e9sistaient aux\nextorsions de leurs biens.\n\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- Les affrontements entre les miliciens Mobondo et les FARDC dans le\nterritoire de Kwamouth ont encore co\u00fbt\u00e9 des vies humaines. Il s\u2019agit des\naffrontements du 18 septembre 2024 au village Ludima, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 25 km de\nMasiambio sur l\u2019axe Masiambio-Kwamouth cit\u00e9, dans le secteur de Twa,\ngroupement Bateke sud. Le bilan selon les sources concordantes dans\nla zone serait de deux militaires et 10 miliciens Mobondo qui sont morts.\n\n\n- Dans la m\u00eame zone et \u00e0 la m\u00eame date, un camion appartenant \u00e0 un\nmembre de la communaut\u00e9 Teke a \u00e9t\u00e9 br\u00fbl\u00e9 au village Benzale par les\nassaillants Mobondo, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 25 km du village Kinsele sur RN17. Les 17\npassagers \u00e0 bord ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper, mais tous leurs biens ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncalcin\u00e9s avec le v\u00e9hicule.\n\n\n- Plusieurs attaques des miliciens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es en octobre, dont\nl\u2019affrontement du 19 octobre entre les FARDC et les miliciens au village\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n**POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE ET OCTOBRE 2024**\n\n\n\nLizino, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 25 km de Menko et \u00e0 environ 65 km de Kwamouth cit\u00e9.\nEnviron 1 365 familles de **8 190 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es de fuir** leurs\nfoyers et se sont install\u00e9es dans des localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es le long du Fleuve\nCongo et de la rivi\u00e8re Kasa\u00ef \u00e0 la suite de ces affrontements.\n\n\n**Bandundu & Bagata (province Kwilu)**\n\n- Les miliciens Mobondos continuent de semer la terreur au sein des\npopulations des villages \u00e0 travers des attaques sur des axes routiers ou\nlors d\u2019affrontements avec des membres de communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Au village Manzasayi, dans le territoire de Bagata, province de Kwilu, **les**\n**d\u00e9plac\u00e9s occupent 5 \u00e9coles primaires** . Depuis la rentr\u00e9e scolaire, ils\nse d\u00e9placent pendant les heures de cours et y reviennent en soir\u00e9e pour\ny passer nuit.\n\n\n- Un **conflit de pouvoir coutumier** **li\u00e9 aux limites** opposant le village\nKikwe au village Tasamba dans le groupement Fambembe (secteur de\nWamba, territoire de Bagata dans la province de Kwilu) a \u00e9clat\u00e9 le 22\nseptembre 2024. Ce conflit a entra\u00een\u00e9 une bagarre entre les habitants de\nces deux villages causant de graves blessures \u00e0 15 personnes et\nl\u2019incendie de 10 maisons.\n\n\n**Maluku (province KINSHASA)**\n\n- La zone de sant\u00e9 de Maluku 2 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par plusieurs cas de\n**meurtres et enl\u00e8vements** au courant de la p\u00e9riode sous examen.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, un homme a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9capit\u00e9 par des miliciens Mobondo\nle 6 septembre 2024 dans son champ au village Kibirika, aire de sant\u00e9\nde Dumi, axe Muanamputu. Les assaillants mobondos qui avaient\ncommis cet acte horrible quittaient le village Muanamputu vers Kibirika.\nDes cas similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au courant de la p\u00e9riode sous\nrevue dans les aires de sant\u00e9 de Dumi, Mongata et Mbankana.\n\n\nLe 19 octobre 2024, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Maluku 2, au village de\nLimbi (Mbankana), un homme aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pouill\u00e9, en\nraison de son appartenance \u00e0 la tribu Yaka. En revanche, son\ncompagnon aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9, car, il aurait prouv\u00e9 sur pr\u00e9sentation de\nsa carte d\u2019\u00e9lecteur qu\u2019il ne fait pas partie de cette tribu, bien que ses\nbiens aient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 confisqu\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n- Il sied de relever des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement attribu\u00e9s aux miliciens Mobondo\net qui sont devenus r\u00e9currents dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Maluku 2,\nPopokabaka et Kwamouth.\n\n\nDeux cas d\u2019 **enl\u00e8vement** de deux hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s le 10\nseptembre 2024 au champ de Ya mukolo au quartier Mbankana. Dans\nl\u2019espace de deux semaines, trois cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement sont document\u00e9s\ndans la m\u00eame zone. Un autre cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 au village\ncamp cantonnier le 26 septembre 2024.\n\n\n- A Mongata, la destitution d\u2019un chef de groupement au profit d\u2019un autre\nchef a fait l\u2019objet de tensions dans cette entit\u00e9 autour du 22 septembre\n2024. La confirmation du nouveau chef de groupement par les autorit\u00e9s\ncomp\u00e9tentes n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 accept\u00e9e par son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur qui a mobilis\u00e9\nses alli\u00e9s pour emp\u00eacher cette succession. Depuis lors, la cohabitation\npacifique \u00e0 Mbankana et Mongata a pris une autre tournure. En effet, le\nchef r\u00e9fractaire s\u2019en prend aux non originaires, surtout aux ressortissants\nde la communaut\u00e9 Yaka qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re comme miliciens Mobondo ;\ncertaines familles sont somm\u00e9es par ce dernier de quitter Mongata.\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base bimestrielle \u00e0 partir des informations et des rapports envoy\u00e9s\npar les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des discussions avec les partenaires\nop\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que disponibles\naux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des exemples de\nviolations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents\net violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne\npas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres\nfinaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le rapport,\nmerci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e70a650c-41d1-4fb6-a92d-5ae499629187/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rd_congo_sepoct_2024_fin.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_871/raw/doc_871_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_871/raw/doc_871_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 469a69500e9033f147efd3809e40fa030b8fb822..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_871/raw/doc_871_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\n_**Un semestre qui offre un tableau peu reluisant\u2026**_\n\n\nEn R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le premier semestre 2024 a \u00e9t\u00e9\ncaract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation humanitaire et de protection.\nDes violations et abus droits humains notamment contre des femmes et des\nenfants, des attaques contre les sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des villages et autres\ninfrastructures critiques ont rythm\u00e9 la vie des populations civiles dans les\nzones affect\u00e9es par les conflits. [1]\n\n\nCes conflits et violences ont entrain\u00e9 un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 **de plus de 940**\n**000 personnes** entre janvier et avril 2024, la plupart \u00e9tant contraint aux\nd\u00e9placements multiples [2] .\n\n\nEn outre, les conflits et l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les principaux facteurs \u00e0 l'origine\ndes niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire pour des millions de personnes :\nLes r\u00e9coltes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites, les voies d\u2019approvisionnement bloqu\u00e9es et les\nchamps rendus inaccessibles. Cette situation a \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9e par les\ncatastrophes naturelles notamment les inondations qui ont d\u00e9truit 50 889\nhectares de terres cultivables [3] .\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection du HCR et ses partenaires a identifi\u00e9 **26 009**\nviolations et abus dans **27** territoires couverts, faisant **50 371** victimes (dont\n**43%** sont **des femmes et filles** ). En outre, selon les donn\u00e9es de la r\u00e9ponse\ndu Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 VBG (Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre), entre\njanvier et mai 2024, au **moins 53 224** survivant (e)s des VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en\ncharge dans les points de prestation de services.\n\n\nL\u2019autre fait marquant le premier semestre de 2024 est le retrait d\u00e9finitif de la\nMONUSCO de la province du Sud Kivu. La perspective de ce retrait dans un\n\n\n1 [https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7e9844a-234b-499a-8d7b-](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7e9844a-234b-499a-8d7b-e0cd16a14251/DRC_Snapshot_humanitaire_juin_2024_vf2.pdf)\n[e0cd16a14251/DRC_Snapshot_humanitaire_juin_2024_vf2.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c7e9844a-234b-499a-8d7b-e0cd16a14251/DRC_Snapshot_humanitaire_juin_2024_vf2.pdf)\n2 [https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-dynamic-version)\n[personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-dynamic-version](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-avril-2024-dynamic-version)\n3 [https://fscluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/document/flood-impact-analysis-democratic](https://fscluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/document/flood-impact-analysis-democratic)\n\n\n\ncontexte o\u00f9 l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s subsiste avait suscit\u00e9 des\ninqui\u00e9tudes de la part des acteurs de protection [4] .\n\n\n_**Et une lueur d\u2019espoir\u2026**_\n\n\nA c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ce tableau plut\u00f4t sombre en termes de protection et de besoins\nhumanitaires, quelques initiatives et \u00e9v\u00e8nements ont permis de confirmer\nque les violences et conflits en RDC ne sont pas une fatalit\u00e9, et que des\nsolutions peuvent \u00eatre trouv\u00e9es.\n\n\nAinsi, un accord de paix a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 le 7 avril 2024 \u00e0 la cit\u00e9 de l\u2019Union\nAfricaine autour du Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, par les autorit\u00e9s coutumi\u00e8res\ndu **Kwango, Kwilu, Ma\u00ef Ndombe, Kongo central** et une partie de la ville de\n**Kinshasa** . Cette \u00e9volution avait donn\u00e9 un signal positif malgr\u00e9 que des\ntensions et violences ont persist\u00e9 dans les localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par la crise.\n\n\nDans la province d\u2019 **Ituri,** un nouvel acte d\u2019engagement pour un dialogue\nintercommunautaire en vue d\u2019une paix durable dans la province a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9\nle 19 avril 2024 par les principaux groupes arm\u00e9s lors d\u2019une assise tenue par\nl\u2019ex-Vice Premier Ministre et Ministre de la D\u00e9fense dans la ville de Bunia.\n\n\nA la fin de ce semestre, en d\u00e9but juillet 2024, une tr\u00eave humanitaire de deux\nsemaines a \u00e9t\u00e9 convenue entre les bellig\u00e9rants dans le cadre de la crise M23,\ntr\u00eave qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 renouvel\u00e9e [5] .\n\n\nCes diff\u00e9rentes initiatives, qui devraient \u00eatre soutenues et accompagn\u00e9es,\npermettent un regain d\u2019espoir, surtout pour les populations tant meurtries par\nles violences.\n\n\n4 [https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1782/reports/protection-analysis-](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1782/reports/protection-analysis-update/democratic-republic-congo-protection-analysis)\n[update/democratic-republic-congo-protection-analysis](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1782/reports/protection-analysis-update/democratic-republic-congo-protection-analysis)\n5 [https://cd.usembassy.gov/fr/prolongation-de-la-treve-humanitaire-dans-lest-de-la-republique-](https://cd.usembassy.gov/fr/prolongation-de-la-treve-humanitaire-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo/)\n[democratique-du-congo/](https://cd.usembassy.gov/fr/prolongation-de-la-treve-humanitaire-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo/)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n## **RECOMMANDATION**\n\n\n- Dans le cadre du d\u00e9sengagement progressif de la MONUSCO :\n\n\n`o` Il est important d\u2019ajuster et renforcer le financement des acteurs\npouvant assumer certaines des fonctions sp\u00e9cifiques\npr\u00e9c\u00e9demment assur\u00e9es par la MONUSCO, notamment :\n\n\n - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 de suivi et r\u00e9ponse aux\nviolations graves des droits de l'enfant et la violence\nsexuelle et sexiste.\n\n - Investissement dans des approches communautaires et\ndes m\u00e9canismes de protection communautaire.\n\n`o` Continuer \u00e0 prioriser le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des forces\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationales, et s\u2019assurer que les forces de d\u00e9fense et\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationales soient pr\u00e9alablement d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es et\nad\u00e9quatement \u00e9quip\u00e9es avant le d\u00e9part/la r\u00e9trocession des\nbases de la MONUSCO. Ceci est extr\u00eamement important\nnotamment dans l\u2019Ituri o\u00f9 la fermeture de certaines bases de la\nMONUSCO risque d\u2019\u00eatre imm\u00e9diatement suivie des attaques\ncontre les civils, y compris contre les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\n- Engager les diff\u00e9rents acteurs arm\u00e9s pour la cessation imm\u00e9diate des\nviolations et des abus de la part de toutes les parties au conflit, en\nmettant l'accent sur leurs obligations en vertu du DIH et du DIDH, en\nmettant particuli\u00e8rement l'accent sur le respect du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaires des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et assurer leur protection\ncontre les attaques.\n\n- Soutenir et accompagner les diff\u00e9rentes initiatives de dialogue et\npacifique, notamment en assurant la mise en \u0153uvre effectives des\ndiff\u00e9rents engagements et r\u00e9solutions pris par les diff\u00e9rentes parties aux\nconflits.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n**Quelques infographies tir\u00e9es du monitoring de protection (Janvier-juin**\n**2024)** **[6]**\n\n\n_**D\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et violations/abus des droits humains sont interconnect\u00e9s**_\n\n\n\n6 Il est important de noter que ce sont les donn\u00e9es du Syst\u00e8me d\u2019Analyse et R\u00e9ponses (SAR)\ndu monitoring de protection mis en \u0153uvre par le HCR et ses partenaires ainsi que de l\u2019Alert\nBook mis en \u0153uvre au Tanganyika. Ces donn\u00e9es restent limit\u00e9es car elles ne concernent que\n\n\n\nles territoires couverts par ces m\u00e9canismes. Elles n\u2019incluent donc pas les donn\u00e9es d\u2019autres\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage notamment les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019AoR VBG.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI ET HAUT-UELE [7]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Province de l'ITURI**\n\n|Aru|39 97 10 1 101 248|\n|---|---|\n|**Djugu**|761
1,451
668
25
210
**3,115**|\n|**Irumu**|184
865
685
11
235
**1,980**|\n|**Mahagi**|144
747
212
7
191
**1,301**|\n|**Mambasa**|194
179
187
13
26
**599**|\n\n\n\n**Province de HAUT-UELE**\n\n|Faradje|74 187 3 0 38 302|\n|---|---|\n|**Total**|**1,396**
**3,526**
**1,765**
**57**
**801**
**7,545**|\n\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection_ _[8]_ _en Ituri et Haut Uele_\n\n\nEn **Ituri**, la situation de protection est demeur\u00e9e particuli\u00e8rement inqui\u00e9tante,\navec des actes d\u2019atteintes et de violations des droits humains en raison de la\nfaible couverture s\u00e9curitaire dans certaines localit\u00e9s et de multiples attaques\ndu groupe arm\u00e9 \u00ab Coop\u00e9rative pour le d\u00e9veloppement du Congo/ Union des\nr\u00e9volutionnaires pour la d\u00e9fense du peuple congolais \u00bb (CODECO/URDPC)\net du groupe arm\u00e9 Za\u00efre.\n\n\nLa province d\u2019Ituri reste la plus affect\u00e9e par les principales violations, avec\n**66%** des cas de pillages, **30%** des enl\u00e8vement ou disparitions forc\u00e9es et **40%**\ndes homicides\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- 43% des violations et abus des droits humains document\u00e9s dans la\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri au premier semestre 2024 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans le\nterritoire de Djugu.\n\n\n7 Rapports hebdomadaires monitoting de protection, UNHCR &INTERSOS et diverses alertes\net Flash info\n\n\n\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 la signature d\u2019un engagement pour le dialogue entre les\nprincipaux groupes arm\u00e9s op\u00e9rant dans le territoire en avril 2024, des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de ces groupes arm\u00e9s ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 commettre des\nexactions contre la population civile, et \u00e0 s\u2019affronter pour le contr\u00f4le des\nressources et de l\u2019espace. Cette situation est aggrav\u00e9e par faible\ncouverture des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans ces zones.\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- Irumu est le 2eme territoire le plus affect\u00e9 par les incidents de protection\ndans la province de l\u2019Ituri (27%)\n\n\n- En d\u00e9pit des op\u00e9rations et patrouilles men\u00e9es par la force mutualis\u00e9e\nFARDC/UPDF contre les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe ADF, ce dernier\ndemeure une menace pour les populations civiles notamment dans la\nfor\u00eat s\u00e9parant la province de l\u2019Ituri de celle du Nord-Kivu. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nseraient pr\u00e9sents dans une grande partie de la for\u00eat du groupement\nBandavilemba (groupement situ\u00e9 dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, en\nchefferie des Walese Vonkutu), avec comme objectif le pillage des\nproduits agricoles des civils, principalement le Cacao. La pr\u00e9sence de\nces combattants arm\u00e9s dans cette partie constitue un risque de\nprotection, non seulement pour les civils qui habitent les diff\u00e9rentes\nlocalit\u00e9s dudit groupement, mais aussi pour les usagers de la RN 4\ntron\u00e7on Komanda-Luna. Cette situation pourrait en outre accroitre la\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la population de ce groupement qui vit exclusivement des\nproduits champ\u00eatres.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Mahagi vient en troisi\u00e8me position en termes d\u2019incidents de protection et\nviolations/abus des droits humains en province Ituri (18%).\n\n\n- Outre les actes de violence orchestr\u00e9s par les groupes arm\u00e9s contre les\npopulations civiles, le territoire de Mahagi est marqu\u00e9 par des tensions\nintracommunautaires. Ainsi, la communaut\u00e9 Alur du groupement\nd\u2019Anghal\u20192 de la chefferie des Ang\u2019hal et celle de Djuganda de la chefferie\ndes Alur Djuganda sont en d\u00e9saccord autour de la question des limites\nfonci\u00e8res de leurs zones d\u2019occupation. Ce d\u00e9saccord qui date de plus\nd\u2019une d\u00e9cennie n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu. Selon des sources locales, la\ncommunaut\u00e9 des Alurs Djuganda se serait alli\u00e9 au groupe arm\u00e9\n\n\n8 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\nCODECO/URDPC qui partage un int\u00e9r\u00eat commun sur cette question de\nlimite administrative. L\u2019objectif de cette alliance serait de repousser les\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9 d\u2019Alur Ang\u2019hal. Cette coalition pourrait\nd\u00e9boucher sur un conflit intracommunautaire \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle dans la\nprovince, exacerbant la restriction des fr\u00e9quentations entre les deux\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, la destruction des cultures des populations\nvivant essentiellement de l\u2019agriculture expose celles-ci \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire avec comme cons\u00e9quence la malnutrition chez les enfants et\nla hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires sur le march\u00e9.\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 une diminution d\u2019incidents de protection constat\u00e9e en mai et en\njuin 2024 (8% des violations/abus enregistr\u00e9s dans Ituri), le territoire de\nMambasa reste tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9 aux exactions des ADF.\n\n\n- Fuyant les op\u00e9rations militaires dans certaines entit\u00e9s du Nord Kivu, les\nADF se retrouvent dispers\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat et constituent une grande\nmenace pour la population qui ont quotidiennement besoin de de se\nrendre dans les champs, dans un contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019agriculture demeure le\nprincipal moyen de survie. La population se trouve donc aussi expos\u00e9e\n\u00e0 la malnutrition (pour les enfants) ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Conflits
fonciers|Extorsion
des biens|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violations
1612|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Beni**|0|13|22|17|3|0|55|\n|**Goma**|0|9|91|87|31|36|254|\n|**Lubero**|0|138|104|131|15|16|404|\n|**Masisi**|1|329|222|427|86|292|1,357|\n|**Nyiragong**
**o **|0|82|106|145|6|103|442|\n|**O\u00efcha**|0|253|309|260|19|17|858|\n|**Rutshuru**|0|223|132|301|108|78|842|\n|**Total**|**1 **|**1,047**|**986**|**1,368**|**268**|**542**|**4,212**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection au_ _Nord Kivu_ janvier-juin 2024_\n\n\n9 [Note d'information de l'ACAPS, D\u00e9placement au Nord-Kivu](https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/acaps-briefing-note-democratic-republic-congo-conflict-related-displacement-north-kivu-21-june-2024)\n\n\n\nDepuis janvier 2024, le groupe rebelle M23 a occup\u00e9 plusieurs entit\u00e9s du\nNord Kivu. Cette situation a consid\u00e9rablement accru l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et provoqu\u00e9\ndes d\u00e9placements massifs de populations, affectant aussi la situation\nhumanitaire au Sud Kivu.\nDans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, la poursuite des affrontements et l\u2019usage d\u2019armes\nlourdes entre le Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) et les coalitions des groupes\narm\u00e9s ainsi que les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo (FARDC) dans les territoires de Masisi, Rutshuru, Nyiragongo et les\nzones de Sake, Goma et Minova a fait plusieurs victimes civiles, avec au\nmoins 48 morts, 73 bless\u00e9s et 61 maisons ou abris d\u00e9truits.\n\n\nOn note \u00e9galement la poursuite des violations du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites, entrainant un nombre important de violations et abus.\nEn outre, depuis janvier 2024, trois attentats \u00e0 la bombe men\u00e9s sans\ndiscernement sur des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ont tu\u00e9 au moins 18\npersonnes et en ont bless\u00e9 32 [9] . Dans les camps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s surpeupl\u00e9s, les\ngens ne se sentent pas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et, en raison de l'artillerie lourde et de la\npr\u00e9sence d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s, les incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les camps ont\n\u00e9galement augment\u00e9, mettant en danger les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es.\n\nDepuis fin juin 2024, le M23 a occup\u00e9 plusieurs agglom\u00e9rations vers la partie\nnord du Nord-Kivu, notamment Kanyabayonga, Kayna et Kirumba. Cette\nsituation, qui a consid\u00e9rablement accru l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et provoqu\u00e9 des\nd\u00e9placements massifs de populations vers le sud du Territoire de Lubero est\nl'aboutissement d'une \u00e9volution rapide qui a commenc\u00e9 en mai 2024, lorsque\nle M23 a entam\u00e9 un mouvement vers le nord, au-del\u00e0 du territoire de\nRutshuru d\u00e9j\u00e0 sous son contr\u00f4le.\nDans la zone frontali\u00e8re de l'Ituri et du Nord-Kivu, le groupe ADF continue de\nperp\u00e9tuer les incursions et de commettre des homicides et des enl\u00e8vements\n\n**BENI/OICHA**\n\n- Le groupe ADF continue \u00e0 mener des attaques contre les civils,\nnotamment contre des agriculteurs ainsi que des incursions et\nembuscades, particuli\u00e8rement dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha et aux\nabords la ville de Beni, contr\u00e9e qui a enregistr\u00e9 21 % de violations et\nabus rapport\u00e9s dans toute la province du Nord Kivu. Parall\u00e8lement, ce\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\ngroupe a \u00e9tendu ses attaques dans de nouvelles zones, particuli\u00e8rement\nen zone de sant\u00e9 de Mabalako.\n\n\n- En mai 2024 seulement, des attaques ADF auraient entrain\u00e9 le mort d\u2019au\nmoins 49 personnes civiles ainsi que l\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019une quarantaine de\npersonnes. Cela est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019au moins 12 attaques men\u00e9es en\nmajorit\u00e9 dans le nord de la zone de sante d\u2019Oicha et sur l\u2019axe Mangina\net ayant cibl\u00e9es surtout les agriculteurs.\n\n\n- Au mois de juin, les attaques et incursions se sont poursuivies en zone\nde sante de Oicha, et de nouvelles zones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9es en zone de\nsante de Mabalako. 52 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rentes attaques,\nparticuli\u00e8rement au groupement Baswagha-Madiwe, entrainant des\nd\u00e9placements importants d\u2019environ 3,452 m\u00e9nages vers les villes de\nBeni et Butembo.\n\n- En outre, des attaques contre des agriculteurs dans certaines localit\u00e9s,\naugmentent les risques d\u2019abus (meurtres, enl\u00e8vements, viols, de travaux\nforc\u00e9s et de coups et blessures) pour la population \u00e0 la recherche de\nvivres, et r\u00e9duisent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations vers les champs avec un\nimpact \u00e9conomique sur la ville de Beni et la commune rurale d\u2019Oicha. Ce\nfut le cas dans la localit\u00e9 de Babila-Bakaiku, ou des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF\nauraient tu\u00e9 deux agriculteurs aux environs du village Kalmango le 13\nmai.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- En plus des violations et abus commis par des acteurs arm\u00e9s locaux\nactifs dans la zone depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es (ceux-ci \u00e9taient\nresponsables de presque la totalit\u00e9 des atteintes aux droits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9\net \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement), le territoire de Lubero a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment\naussi impact\u00e9 par la crise ADF et par la crise M23.\n\n\n- En effet, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile du Grand Nord-Kivu a fait savoir, le 15 juin 2024,\nqu\u2019au moins 200 civils avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans les attaques des ADF dans\nles territoires de Lubero et Beni, en l\u2019espace d\u2019un mois.\n\n\n- Au cours de la derni\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du mois de juin, des incursions des ADF\nse sont multipli\u00e9es du territoire de Beni vers le territoire de Lubero,\nconstituant une source suppl\u00e9mentaire de menace pour les populations\nciviles, y compris les PDIs pouss\u00e9es vers le Nord du Territoire en raison\nde l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du M23 dans le Sud-Lubero.\n\n\n\n\n- Vers la fin de juin 2024, plus de 70,000 personnes se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\npar suite de l\u2019offensive du M23 vers le territoire. Parall\u00e8lement, la\nprogression du M23 dans ces nouvelles zones a engendr\u00e9 un\nmouvement de retour d\u2019environ 92,155 personnes vers les milieux de\nprovenance de Kayna, Miriki, Kanyabayonga, Kimaka et Kibirizi, au sud\nde Lubero et au nord-ouest de Rutshur\n\n\n- En dehors des violations de droits qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9es dans le SudLubero (atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de circulation, au droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique, rivalit\u00e9s entre ces groupes avaient \u00e9galement un impact\nn\u00e9gatif important sur la vie quotidienne des populations, notamment sur\nles activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques), l\u2019\u00e9volution de la situation entraine\nl\u2019aggravation de ces violations ainsi que d\u2019autres principaux risques de\nprotection parmi lesquels les risques de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre,\nrisques li\u00e9s aux mines, restes explosifs de guerre et engins explosifs\nimprovis\u00e9s, recrutements forc\u00e9s, y compris le recrutement d\u2019enfants,\nexacerbation des tensions communautaires.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Le territoire de Masisi est celui qui enregistre le plus grand nombre de\nviolations et abus des droits humains depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019annee 2024\ndans la Province du Nord Kivu (30% des cas)\n\n\n- Les affrontements et l\u2019utilisation des armes lourdes (mortiers et bombes)\ncontinuent d\u2019entrainer des morts de civils et des destructions de maisons\ndans les zones d\u2019accueil des personnes PDIs. La poursuite des\naffrontements continue d\u2019entrainer des d\u00e9placements vers diff\u00e9rentes\ndirections et on note \u00e9galement la poursuite des violations du caract\u00e8re\ncivil et humanitaire des sites. Les axes Bweremana-Shasha et RubayaMasisi sont les plus affect\u00e9s par ces affrontements. En mai, au moins 43\nbombes auraient touch\u00e9 les zones peupl\u00e9es de Minova, Mugunga et\nKatale, alors qu\u2019en juin, au moins 65 mortiers et bombes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s,\nparticuli\u00e8rement dans les zones de Sake et Bweremana. Ces projectiles\nauraient entrain\u00e9 la mort d\u2019au moins 8 civils, 14 blessures et la\ndestruction d\u2019au moins 26 maisons.\n\n\n- Des cas d\u2019incursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les sites sont\nquotidiennement rapport\u00e9s dans le Masisi. Depuis le mois de mai 2024,\nles groupes arm\u00e9s Alliance des patriotes pour un Congo libre et\nsouverain (APCLS), Nyatura Abazungu auraient men\u00e9 au moins 18\nincursions dans diff\u00e9rents sites notamment aux environs de Masisi\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\ncentre, dans les sites de Kalinga, Bihito et Mater Dei. Lors de ces\nincursions, 12 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es et soumis aux ran\u00e7ons,\net au moins 23 abris des PDIs pill\u00e9s.\n\n\n- On note la reprise des bombardements dans la zone de Sake : le 30 mai,\n28 bombes auraient touch\u00e9 les zones de Mushake, Mubambiro et Sake,\nCes bombardements ont entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 32 m\u00e9nages\nde retourn\u00e9s vers les sites de Mugunga. Du 1er au 6 juin, au moins 36\nbombes auraient touch\u00e9 les zones de Vunano, Kiuli, Kimoka, Mushaki,\nBweremana, Karuba, Mubambiro et Sake.\n\n\n- Il s\u2019est observ\u00e9 en fin mai une recrudescence des cas de violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG) dans les zones \u00e0 forte concentration\nd\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s, dont particuli\u00e8rement les zones de Kalembe, Kitshanga\net Masisi.\n\n- Un changement des lignes de front et une accalmie temporaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9s en juin, entrainant un mouvement de retour progressif dans les\nzones de Bweremana. Entre le 21 et le 27 juin, au moins 1,116 m\u00e9nages\nvenus de Minova et Kalungu seraient retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 Bweremana.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Dans les parties Nord-Ouest et Nord du territoire, des affrontements\nentre le M23, autres groupes arm\u00e9s et FARDC se sont poursuivis au\ncourant du premier semestre 2024. L\u2019utilisation des armes lourdes a\nentrain\u00e9 des victimes civiles notamment dans les zones de Vitshumbi,\nBwalanda, Kikuku et Kibirizi, en groupements Mutanda et\nKanyabayonga. A Bwalanda et Kikuku, 5 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et 7\nautres bless\u00e9s par des \u00e9clats des bombes ; 5 maisons des civils auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites par des bombes \u00e0 Kibirizi. En outre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\nauraient install\u00e9 un campement \u00e0 environ 400 m\u00e8tres de l\u2019h\u00f4pital de\nKibirizi, exposant cette structure sanitaire aux affrontements.\n\n\n- Les civils continuent de subir des repr\u00e9sailles par des acteurs arm\u00e9s \u00e0 la\nsuite d\u2019accusations de collaboration avec d\u2019autres parties au conflit. A\ntitre d\u2019illustration, le 21 mai, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 ont men\u00e9\nune incursion dans le site de Ibuga \u00e0 Rutshuru et ont pill\u00e9 au moins 11\nhuttes. Le 24 juin, 27 maisons soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es d\u2019appartenir aux d\u00e9pendants\ndes membres d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es dans trois\nvillages Kanyangohe, Bumbasha et Mushebere par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un\nautre groupe arm\u00e9. Par crainte aussi de repr\u00e9sailles, environ 87\n\n\n\nm\u00e9nages de ces deux villages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers les familles\nd\u2019accueil \u00e0 Mweso, Muhongozi et Katsiru.\n\n\n- Au mois de juin, on note une augmentation de l\u2019utilisation et travaux\nforc\u00e9s des enfants dans le cadre du conflit. Le 1 [er] juin, 35 enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s\nde 10 \u00e0 17 ans auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s pour la majorit\u00e9 de leurs \u00e9coles par\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 au groupement Mutanda. Ces enfants\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis aux travaux de transport d\u2019eau et bois vers les\npositions de cet acteur arm\u00e9, ainsi que transport des effets militaires vers\nles lignes de front.\n\n\n- Du 2 au 4 mai, au moins 17 personnes retourn\u00e9s, dont 3 enfants, auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23 aux environs de Kibirizi. Selon diff\u00e9rentes\nsources, ces personnes voulaient fuir la zone \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des autres groupes arm\u00e9s\nnotamment des Forces d\u00e9mocratiques de lib\u00e9ration du Rwanda (FDLR),\nFront des Patriotes pour la Paix/Arm\u00e9e du Peuple (FPP/AP).\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- La situation de protection dans les deux territoires reste principalement\ncaract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par les violations r\u00e9p\u00e9titives du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites par les acteurs arm\u00e9s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2024, la dynamique du conflit a engendr\u00e9 une situation o\u00f9 les violations\ndu caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\ndeviennent quasi permanentes.\n\n\n- L\u2019incursion et la pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s dans les sites sont\nquotidiennes, et la plupart des incidents de protection et de\nviolations/abus des droits humains se sont produits dans les sites ou\nautour de ceux-ci par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s dans les sites augmente\nconsid\u00e9rablement le risque de la pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs, y\ncompris les munitions non explos\u00e9es et les munitions abandonn\u00e9es dans\nces sites. De f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 mai 2024, l\u2019Agence des Nations Unies pour l'action\ncontre les mines ( UNMAS) a enregistr\u00e9 12 incidents impliquant des\nengins explosifs \u00e0 Nyiragongo dans la province du Nord Kivu. Ainsi, au\nmoins 4 grenades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans les sites de Goma et\nNyiragongo entre mars et avril 2024, alors qu\u2019en date du 4 avril 2024,\nune grenade mal manipul\u00e9e par un \u00e9l\u00e9ment arm\u00e9 a explos\u00e9 dans le site\nde Kashaka-Shabindu, causant la mort de 2 individus et 9 bless\u00e9s, tous\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- L\u2019utilisation des armes lourdes continue d\u2019entrainer des morts de civils et\ndes destructions de maisons dans les zones d\u2019accueil des PDIs (Voir\npartie introductive pour la Province du Nord Kivu).\n\n\n- Des \u00e9changes de tirs entre les acteurs arm\u00e9s autour des sites des PDIs\net des bombardements sans pr\u00e9cautions continuent d\u2019entrainer des\nvictimes civiles, PDIs et r\u00e9sidents. Selon la Direction Provinciale de la\nSant\u00e9 (DPS) Nord Kivu, les principaux abus et violations des droits\nhumains y relatifs seraient au moins 18 cas d\u2019homicides et 32 cas de\nblessures rapport\u00e9s entre les sites de 8e CEPAC et Lushagala, en\nmajorit\u00e9 des femmes et enfants.\n\n\n- Des femmes et filles d\u00e9plac\u00e9es continuent de subir des actes VBG\ngraves, particuli\u00e8rement lors de la recherche des ressources dans les\nchamps et forets.\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Le nombre d'affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s a augment\u00e9 d\u2019intensit\u00e9\ndans la partie sud de la Province (Hauts et Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira et\nFizi), et il est constat\u00e9 une reconfiguration des alliances (nouvelles\nalliances ruptures des anciennes).\n\n- La MONUSCO s\u2019est totalement d\u00e9sengag\u00e9e de la Province (d\u2019abord en\nfin avril pour la Force et en fin juin pour les autres composantes), laissant\nquelques vides s\u00e9curitaires autour de certaines localit\u00e9s fragiles comme\nBijombo.\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- La situation de protection reste fragile dans le territoire de Kalehe avec\nplusieurs abus aux droits humains all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux hommes et groupes\narm\u00e9s locaux lors des multiples attaques rapport\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Dans le groupement de Kalima, des affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s\nlocaux sont signal\u00e9s rapport\u00e9s les 05, 06 et 07 mai depuis le retrait de la\nMonusco de sa base de Kitshanga.\n\n\n- Les derniers affrontements du 07 mai auraient entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\ndes dizaines de m\u00e9nages vers Maibano, Miowe, Kambegeti et Fumya\ndans la Zone de sant\u00e9 de Bunyakiri.\n\n\n- L\u2019utilisation d\u2019artilleries lourdes par des bellig\u00e9rants (FARDC et M23), ont\ndes effets collat\u00e9raux sur la population civile dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nMinova. Les 14 et 19 mai, pr\u00e8s de 2,700 m\u00e9nages de personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes fuyant les affrontements des villages entre les\nmilitaires des FARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23 sont arriv\u00e9s dans le territoire\nen provenance des villages Ngungu, Rubaya, Kalambairo et\nKatoyi/Masisi dans les villages Bulembwe, Lulere, Tushunguti/Kalehe\n(groupement de Ziralo).\n\n\nEn outre, le 22 mai, trois bombes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 largu\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nM23 \u00e0 partir de leurs positions dans les hauts plateaux de Bitonga,\nblessant gri\u00e8vement un civil et endommageant des champs, alors que\ndeux enfants sont morts et deux autres bless\u00e9s gri\u00e8vement suite \u00e0\nl\u2019explosion des grenades \u00e0 Rutshunda, l\u2019un des quartiers de la cit\u00e9 de\nMinova/ groupement de Buzi, le 22 juin 2024.\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Conflits
fonciers|Extorsion
des biens|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la vie
et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violations
1612|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Fizi**|0|64|79|104|2|39|288|\n|**Kalehe**|3|113|239|198|92|53|698|\n|**Uvira**|5|77|136|120|0|87|425|\n|**Total**|**8 **|**254**|**454**|**422**|**94**|**179**|**1,411**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection au_ _Sud Kivu_ janvier-juin 2024_\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 la tr\u00e8s faible couverture par le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de\nprotection, la province du Sud Kivu est parmi celles qui ont enregistre\nbeaucoup de violations et abus.\n\n- L'intensification des affrontements avec la crise du M23 au Nord-Kivu a\nexacerb\u00e9 la situation de protection au Sud-Kivu, provoquant des\nd\u00e9placements massifs de population. Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024,\nla zone de sant\u00e9 de Minova en territoire de Kalehe a accueilli depuis le\nd\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024 au moins **233 100 nouveaux IDPs** . [10]\n\n\n10 [https://data.humdata.org/dataset/drc-displacement-deplace-site-assessment-ocha](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/drc-displacement-deplace-site-assessment-ocha)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "syst\u00e8me de monitoring de\nprotection", - "confidence": 0.842620849609375, - "start": 806, - "end": 811 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province du Sud Kivu", - "confidence": 0.5414670705795288, - "start": 813, - "end": 817 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024_", - "confidence": 0.71745765209198, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5384647250175476, - "start": 865, - "end": 866 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- Dans le village Idinga en territoire de Shabunda, groupement des\nBamuguba-sud, plusieurs sources sur place informent sur l\u2019existence\nd\u2019un groupe d\u2019une trentaine de jeunes qui seraient en intelligence avec\nun groupe arm\u00e9 actif \u00e0 Nindja et Kalonge et qui causeraient l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans les p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries de ce village depuis la fin du mois d\u2019avril. [11]\n\n- Des groupes arm\u00e9s poursuivent des incursions dans le territoire. A titre\nillustratif, le 02 mai 2024, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient men\u00e9\nune incursion dans le site minier de Nzibi, dans le groupement des\nBamuguba sud. Dix personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es dont 4 femmes et\n6 hommes, et des biens pill\u00e9s dont des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones, des ch\u00e8vres, des\npi\u00e8ces de pagnes et environ 6 grammes d'or.\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Des conflits fonciers, identitaires et de transhumance ont lieu au sein de\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales (Bembe, Fuluri, Nyind et Bafuliru) qui s\u2019affrontent,\ncausant des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts humains et mat\u00e9riels.\n\n\n- Les civils exploitants artisanalement les mines seraient victimes\nd\u2019extorsion par certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 qui leur exigerait une\nsomme de 100.000 FC avant toute exploitation mini\u00e8re.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 une occupation de l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire de Muhebwa de\nKatanga, du 7 au 12 juin, par des forces arm\u00e9es alli\u00e9es des FARDC.\nDes pupitres et portes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s perturbent la qui\u00e9tude dans plusieurs\nentit\u00e9s d\u2019Uvira \u00e0 travers des enl\u00e8vements, homicides, extorsions.\n\n\n- On note \u00e9galement la d\u00e9gradation de la situation de protection des PDIs\ndu site spontan\u00e9 de Bijombo (groupement de Bijombo) cons\u00e9cutivement\n\u00e0 la d\u00e9fection d\u2019un officier militaire FARDC commis \u00e0 la garde dudit site,\nmais aussi le d\u00e9part de la MONUSCO.\n\n\n11 Programme d\u2019Appui au D\u00e9veloppement Communautaire (PADC RD Congo) : Rapport\nhebdomadaire du 22 avril au 03 mai 2024\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Conflits
fonciers|Extorsion
des biens|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la
vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|All\u00e9gations
VBG|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Kalemie**|66|577|761|386|59|1,849|\n|**Nyunzu**|39|89|211|241|163|743|\n|**Total**|**105**|**666**|**972**|**627**|**222**|**2,592**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection au Tanganyika_ janvier-juin 2024_\n\n\nLa province du **Tanganyika** demeure en proie aux violences en raison de\nl\u2019activisme des milices et groupes arm\u00e9s, dont les Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na pale, Twa\nApa na pale.\n\n\nLe Nord et l\u2019Ouest du territoire de Kalemie et le secteur Nord Lukuga dans le\nterritoire de Nyunzu sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des violences d\u00e9coulant de la\nrecrudescence des attaques et embuscades/braquages des miliciens Ma\u00efMa\u00ef Apa na pale.\n\n\nL\u2019on note la pr\u00e9sence de plusieurs groupuscules de miliciens Twa dans le\nsecteur Nord Lukuga dans le territoire de Nyunzu et des actes de banditismes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s au nord-est du territoire de Kalemie sur l\u2019axe Kabimba et\ndans le territoire de Moba.\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n- Dans les villages o\u00f9 sont positionn\u00e9es les unit\u00e9s de la FARDC, on a not\u00e9\ndes violations perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par ces derniers (l\u2019extorsion des biens, taxes\nill\u00e9gales, coup et blessures, travaux forc\u00e9s arrestation arbitraire) et\nautres actes portant atteinte aux droits humains. Il est \u00e9galement signal\u00e9\nplusieurs cas de tracasserie au niveau des barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par les\nforces de l\u2019ordre et de d\u00e9fense.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, la situation reste domin\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s\nMa\u00ef-Ma\u00ef qui font des incursions et braquages contre les populations\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\nciviles. Ces violations sont commises majoritairement par les miliciens\nTwa, dont les partisans du d\u00e9funt Bitonto, situees dans la vallee de\nTumbwe-Koki, l'unit\u00e9 Mayaya, sur l'axe Sango mutonsha ; la faction Apa\nna Pale, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 120 km de Kalemie sur l'axe Kyoko ; et le groupe \u00ab\nWazalendo \u00bb commandit\u00e9 par Kalongo, qui agit sur la route Kabimba \u00e0\n24km de Kalemie.\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\nLe secteur Nord Lukuga reste confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des violences d\u00e9coulant de\nla recrudescence des milicien Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale, qui agit sur l'axe\nNyunzu. Ces miliciens Twa auteurs d\u2019exactions (d\u2019extorsions de biens,\ncoups et blessures, pillages). Le positionnement militaire de la FRDC\nsignal\u00e9 sur les diff\u00e9rentes barri\u00e8res constitue une menace de plus sur\nl\u2019axe sud du territoire pourtant r\u00e9siliant.\n\n\nDes barri\u00e8res irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res sont signal\u00e9es dans le village Kilolo, aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Tchanga-Tchanga par les militaires de FARDC qui exigent des\ndroits de passage.\n\n\nDes actes de pillage ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s sur l\u2019axe Nord Lukuga,\nterritoire Nyunzu, aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, village Tembe, par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s miliciens Twa. En date du 19 juin 2024, ces miliciens ont\nemport\u00e9 les biens mat\u00e9riels d'environ 18 m\u00e9nages.\n\n\n## KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Conflits
fonciers|Extorsion
des biens|Violation
du droit
\u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violations
des droits
civiques et
politiques|All\u00e9gat
ions
VBG|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|**Province du KASA\u00cf **|\n|**Kamonia**|37|146|675|677|0|597|2,132|\n|**Luebo**|13|151|80|211|0|148|603|\n|**Mweka**|18|75|106|172|0|140|511|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-ORIENTAL **|\n|**Kabeya-**
**Kamwanga**|23|54|103|119|1|46|346|\n|**Katanda**|0|0|2|10|0|0|12|\n|**Mbuji-Mayi**|27|120|737|897|0|56|1,837|\n|**Tshilenge**|11|35|79|74|0|51|250|\n|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|**Province du KASA\u00cf-CENTRAL **|\n|**Demba**|50|38|94|160|0|75|417|\n|**Dibaya**|32|65|202|83|0|73|455|\n|**Dimbelenge**|62|66|93|117|0|70|408|\n|**Kananga**|80|67|727|334|1|233|1,442|\n|**Kazumba**|**35**|**59**|**147**|**78**|**0 **|**124**|**443**|\n|**Luiza**|9|4|75|100|0|393|581|\n|**Total**|**397**|**880**|**3,120**|**3,032**|**2 **|**2,006**|**9,437**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection dans les provinces du Kasai_ janvier-juin 2024_\n\n\nDes actes de criminalit\u00e9 et la persistance des tensions intercommunautaires\nse poursuivent dans les provinces du **Kasa\u00ef Oriental, Kasai central et Kasai**\nainsi que des conflits fonciers.\n\n\nL\u2019autre particularit\u00e9 de la zone est en rapport avec les vagues d\u2019expulsion\ndes Congolais de l\u2019Angola, dans des conditions pr\u00e9caires notamment pour la\nprovince du Kasai.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KASAI** **[12]**\n\n\n# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL** **[13]**\n\n\n\n\n- La situation de protection est loin de s\u2019am\u00e9liorer dans la province avec la\ncriminalit\u00e9 qui tend \u00e0 prendre le dessus malgr\u00e9 les efforts fournis. Une\naugmentation d\u2019incidents a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.\n\n\n- Dans la ville de Tshikapa, les cambriolages et vol \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e ne\ncessent de prendre de l\u2019ampleur et il semblerait que des malfaiteurs\nsoient complices avec des agents d\u2019institutions de la place notamment\nles banques et autres services financiers qui les renseigneraient sur les\npersonnes ayant fait des transactions financi\u00e8res importantes.\n\n\n- Ces incidents sont parfois accompagn\u00e9s de viols de femmes et filles.\nOn peut citer, \u00e0 titre d\u2019exemple, l\u2019incident o\u00f9 des hommes arm\u00e9s, en\ntenue de la PNC et des FARDC, se sont introduits dans un domicile o\u00f9\nils auraient emport\u00e9 des biens et de l\u2019argent, apr\u00e8s avoir viol\u00e9 une jeune\nfille de 12 ans.\n\n\n- Des cas d\u2019expulsion de Congolais en s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier en Angola.ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le poste frontalier de Kamako.\nEn juin, 946 expuls\u00e9s (836 hommes, 39 femmes et 71 enfants) sont\narriv\u00e9s en RDC par Kamako.\nL\u2019on constate \u00e9galement le retour spontan\u00e9 de 335 Congolais qui ont\n\u00e9galement travers\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re de Kamako (119 hommes, 118 femmes\net 98 enfants).\n\n\n- Des expulsions ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au poste frontalier de\nKabuakala (\u00e0 20 kilom\u00e8tres de Nsumbula) o\u00f9 509 expuls\u00e9s sont arriv\u00e9s\nle 19 juin 2024.\n\n\n- En outre, sur la bande frontali\u00e8re, 59 enfants pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s originaires de la\nRDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9s de l\u2019Angola par le poste frontalier de Kamako, le\n15 juin puis, \u00e0 la suite du refus de la Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Migration\n(DGM)/Kamako de les recevoir car ils proviendraient du Kasai Central,\nces enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ramen\u00e9s \u00e0 Dundo le mercredi 19 juin, apr\u00e8s 4 jours\ndans des conditions inhumaines, passant nuit \u00e0 la belle \u00e9toile et\nmangeant avec difficult\u00e9s.\n\n\n12 Rapports mensuels de monitoring de protection Kasa\u00ef UNHCR et Kadima Foundation\n13 Rapports mensuels de monitoring de protection Kasai Central UNHCR et Vibosa\n\n\n\n\n- Au cours des mois de mai et juin, la province du Kasa\u00ef Central a connu\nune instabilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire principalement en raison des conflits fonciers.\n\n- Pour rappel, le 18 avril, un affrontement entre les Bambembele (Bena\nKasasa) et les Basonga au sujet des limites de terres et des champs\nentre les habitants de ces deux villages qui se sont physiquement\noppos\u00e9s \u00e0 coups de machettes et autres armes blanches. L\u2019on signale\nenviron 30 morts et plusieurs bless\u00e9s dont les uns sont conduits au\ncentre de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019autres restent introuvables en brousse. Le Chef\ncoutumier de Bena Kasasa a \u00e9t\u00e9 gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 par ses adversaires\nde Basonga et un policier a succomb\u00e9 de ses blessures. L\u2019on a\nd\u00e9nombr\u00e9 plusieurs personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (environ 670 femmes, 528\nhommes et 241 enfants d'\u00e2ge scolaire).\n\n\n- Dans le territoire de Luiza, des conflits de pouvoirs coutumiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en mai dans certains groupements du secteur de Bambaie\ntels que les groupements de Kavueta, Misabu/bishi, Kanyana,\nKalubu/bishi Yanvu, et Mbumbu. Des extorsions de biens et des taxes\nill\u00e9gales impliquant la PNC et la FARDC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nonc\u00e9es en juin. Ces\nincidents auraient pour causes le mauvais encadrement.\n\n\n- En juin, le conflit intercommunautaire autours de la for\u00eat dont chaque\ncommunaut\u00e9 se r\u00e9clame titulaire s\u2019est poursuivi. En effet le conflit entre\nle Basonge Bambale (originaires du Sankuru) et le Bena Kasasa\n(originaires du Kasa\u00ef central) date du mois d\u2019avril et n\u2019est jamais trouv\u00e9\nune solution durable car les deux communaut\u00e9s se regardent en chiens\net chats alors que ladite for\u00eat est le centre de la vie de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9-l\u00e0 ; ce qui\ndonne lieu \u00e0 craindre encore de rebondissements dans ce dossier.\n\n\n- 118 conflits fonciers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans la province en juin avec\nune pr\u00e9dominance de conflits de limites pour 73 cas ; soit 61,8%.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL** **[14]**\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par une fragilit\u00e9\ndue \u00e0 des luttes intercommunautaires et des tracasseries dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictimes les populations civiles. Dans ce contexte, 2 445 violations et\n\n\n14 Rapports mensuels de monitoring de protection Kasai oriental_UNHCR et Vibosa\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\nabus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es et document\u00e9es au\ncourant du premier semestre 2024.\n\n\n- En outre, le mois de mai 2024 en a connu 9 conflits fonciers dans le Kasa\u00ef\noriental. Il s\u2019agit de 7 conflits de limites, 1 conflit li\u00e9 au champ abandonn\u00e9\net 1 conflit li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation de for\u00eat. Ces conflits sont principalement\ndus \u00e0 la faiblesse dans l\u2019organisation des services cadastraux dans les\nmilieux et la culture de la violence.\n\n\n- Le territoire de Kabeya Kamuanga a fait face \u00e0 un conflit foncier entre\nles habitants du groupement de Mulowayi et ceux de Bena Mayi (dans\nle territoire de Dimbelenge) autour de l\u2019appartenance du lac Nfwa.\n\n## PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE [15]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoires|Conflits
fonciers|Extorsio
n des
biens|Violatio
n du
droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violation
du droit \u00e0
la vie et
l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|Violations
1612|All\u00e9gatio
ns VBG|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|**Province du KWANGO **|\n|**Feshi**|0|0|0|8|0|0|8|\n|**Kenge**|6|22|51|14|0|22|115|\n|**Popokabaka**|0|13|33|32|1|19|98|\n|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|**Province du KWILU **|\n|**Bagata**|0|36|92|7|0|21|156|\n|**Bandundu**|0|32|39|29|0|1|101|\n|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|**Province du MA\u00cf-NDOMBE **|\n|**Kwamouth**|10|44|108|115|1|56|334|\n|**Grand Total**|**16**|**147**|**323**|**205**|**2 **|**119**|**812**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de principales violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le_\n_monitoring de protection dans le Kwango, Kwilu et Mai-Ndombe_ janvier-juin 2024_\n\n\nLes provinces qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9es par la crise qui a \u00e9merg\u00e9 au Kwamouth\nfont face \u00e0 plusieurs probl\u00e8mes de protection, notamment **les meurtres**, **la**\n**s\u00e9paration familiale** \u00e0 la suite des d\u00e9placements et le nombre important\n**d\u2019enfants non accompagn\u00e9s** qui ont perdu la trace de leurs parents ou qui\nsont devenus orphelins ; **la forte d\u00e9tresse mentale** de l\u2019ensemble des\ncommunaut\u00e9s due aux violences v\u00e9cues ou vues lors des diff\u00e9rentes\nattaques et pendant leurs diff\u00e9rentes phases de d\u00e9placement entrainant des\n\n\n15 Rapports mensuels de monitoring de protection Bandundu _UNHCR et Kadima Foundation\n16 Rapport de la mission de la DHC et quelques membres de l\u2019ICN dans la province du\nKwango du 8 au 10 avril 2024.\n\n\n\ntraumatismes psychologiques importants, **les VBG** qui font partie des\nviolences v\u00e9cues par les femmes et les jeunes filles lors de leur d\u00e9placement\n(fuite en for\u00eat) ou par les FARDC. Les jeunes filles sont particuli\u00e8rement\nvuln\u00e9rables et expos\u00e9es au \u00ab mariage forc\u00e9 \u00bb (avec FARDC et/ou prise par\nles Mobondo comme esclave sexuel), les **arrestations arbitraires** qui sont\ndevenus un probl\u00e8me important avec l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de suivre les dossiers\ndes personnes arr\u00eat\u00e9es et de savoir ce qu\u2019elles deviennent ainsi que les\n**taxes ill\u00e9gales** pratiqu\u00e9es par les multiples barrages tenus par les FARDC\net qui constituent un poids suppl\u00e9mentaire pour une population sans\nressource et entrave le rel\u00e8vement de ces populations.\n\n\nIl est important de noter que les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans la zone ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nparticuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9es du fait que la zone n\u2019avait pas connu auparavant\nune crise de cette ampleur et les personnes contraintes de fuir n\u2019avaient pas\nadapt\u00e9e des moyens d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ce choc [16] .\n\n\nDes mouvements de retour des populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s dans certains\nvillages des groupements de Baboma-Banku (Bokala), Baboma-Sud (Boku)\net Bateke-Sud (Dumu) en secteur de Twa, Territoire de Kwamouth (Ma\u00efNdombe). Selon les sources locales, ce retour serait motiv\u00e9 par le\nrenforcement de la pr\u00e9sence des militaires FARDC le long de cet axe. Ces\npersonnes pr\u00e9senteraient d\u2019importants besoins en assistance\nmultisectorielle.\n\n\nLes villages appartenant aux secteurs de Lufuna en territoire de Popokabaka\net de Bukanga-Longo en territoire de Kenge (province du Kwango) ont aussi\nconnu des retours importants. En effet, des sources locales de ces derni\u00e8res\nlocalit\u00e9s ont observ\u00e9 le retour de plus de 12,700 personnes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nh\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans des familles d\u2019accueil, car leurs maisons \u00e9taient soit\nd\u00e9truites, soit occup\u00e9es et pr\u00e9sentent des besoins multisectoriels. [17]\n\n\nLa province du Kwilu a \u00e9galement enregistr\u00e9 environ 15 396 personnes\nretourn\u00e9es qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es dans les villages de Bukusu, Kimpana\n\n\n17 [https://ehtools.org/alert-view/5342 ethttps://ehtools.org/alert-view/5341](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fehtools.org%2Falert-view%2F5342&data=05%7C02%7Cmakangaz%40unhcr.org%7C98b010f2be8a48d14aef08dc95173752%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638549174165179425%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zUK7oNhRxRn66gLifsHQxfGANIy6dianBYNqIZufvLw%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **R\u00c9PUBLIQUE D\u00c9MOCRATIQUE DU CONGO**\n\n## **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 APER\u00c7U SEMESTRIEL P\u00e9riode de rapport**\n\n**01 janvier 2024 - 30 juin 2024**\n\n\n\ngroupement, Kimpana-Mwanango et Minsia en groupement KIMPANA, et\ndans les villages de Kingaba et Kinkata en groupement MOBENGA. [18]\n\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- En plus des mouvements pendulaires et des d\u00e9placements importants\nde populations dans les territoires de Popokabaka, Kenge, Kwamouth,\nBagata et Maluku, les enfants et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement confront\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs difficult\u00e9s, parmi lesquelles\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire qui frappe plus s\u00e9v\u00e8rement. De plus, les enfants\nn\u2019ont plus acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation (\u00e9cole) et sont \u00e9galement expos\u00e9s aux\nviolences et abus de toute sorte.\n\n- La persistance du conflit T\u00e9k\u00e9-Yaka dans la zone, demeure le principal\nfacteur favorisant les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre rapport\u00e9es au\ncourant en mai et juin. La pacification totale des zones impact\u00e9es par les\nconflits et une lutte efficace contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des auteurs pourraient\ndonner tant soit peu un soulagement aux femmes et aux jeunes filles qui\nsont les principales victimes de ces abus.\n\n- Alors que seuls Kenge et Popokabaka \u00e9taient touch\u00e9s par les violences\ndes miliciens, celles-ci se sont \u00e9tendues au territoire de Feshi, th\u00e9\u00e2tre\ndes incursions des miliciens, notamment \u00e0 Ngalaketi le jeudi 06 juin\n2024. L\u2019attaque de cette localit\u00e9 aurait fait 14 morts parmi lesquels le chef\nde cette localit\u00e9 et quelques membres de sa famille.\n\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- Le dialogue qui semble s\u2019\u00eatre install\u00e9 entre la population et les forces de\nl\u2019ordre dans le Secteur de Wamba est susceptible de contribuer \u00e0 la\nr\u00e9duction des violations commises par les militaires. Notons qu\u2019\u00e0 la suite\nde la r\u00e9union tenue le 26 juin \u00e0 Fatundu, le commandant des FARDC a\nentendu les dol\u00e9ances de la population en retirant ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments des 3\nbarri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es sur les axes Fatundu-Bandundu, Fatundu-Kolokoso et\nau port de Fatundu. Cette d\u00e9cision a \u00e9t\u00e9 un motif de soulagement pour\nla population de Fatundu qui ne cessait de d\u00e9crier les exactions des\nFARDC.\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 cette evolution positive, des violations et abus des droits humains\nrestent rapportent notamment les viols et autres violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre. C\u2019est le cas d\u2019une survivante qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime de viol collectif (par\n5 hommes non identifi\u00e9s) au champ au groupement Bateke sud, dans le\n\n\n18 [https://ehtools.org/alert-view/5320 et https://ehtools.org/alert-view/5319](https://ehtools.org/alert-view/5320)\n\n\n\nterritoire de Kwamouth, aire de sant\u00e9 \u00ab Itubi \u00bb. C\u2019est aussi le cas de\nl\u2019assassinat d\u2019une enfant non accompagn\u00e9e qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e avant d\u2019\u00eatre\n\u00e9gorg\u00e9e par un \u00e9l\u00e9ment FARDC dans un village du groupement Bateke\nsud, secteur Twa dans le territoire de Kwamouth. L\u2019auteur pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 de\nl\u2019assassinat a \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 et transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 Bandundu-ville.\n\n- Il faudra souligner le fait que beaucoup d\u2019enfants ne fr\u00e9quentent plus\nl\u2019\u00e9cole, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que leurs \u00e9tablissements scolaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s\net les enseignants pourchass\u00e9s par les miliciens. C\u2019est le cas\nparticuli\u00e8rement des enfants retourn\u00e9s dans le territoire de Kwamouth.\nEn outre, selon les rapports de OCHA et d\u2019autres partenaires\nhumanitaires, dans les zones de retour, de nombreux enfants retourn\u00e9s\nseraient confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la malnutrition et \u00e0 d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9.\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et\ndes rapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et\ndes discussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport\ntelles que disponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par\ndes exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du\nplaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre\naux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis. Si vous avez des commentaires ou des\ninformations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le rapport, merci de bien vouloir\nnous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_apercu_semestriel_janvier-juin_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_872/raw/doc_872_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_872/raw/doc_872_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 74c3ee2b81785fadd96718bae9529277c66aca00..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_872/raw/doc_872_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nEn date du 20 janvier 2024, F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, \u00e9lu pour un second mandat \u00e0\nla Pr\u00e9sidence de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), a pr\u00eat\u00e9\nserment, en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une quinzaine de chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat\n\n\nCe mandat d\u00e9bute en pleine crise humanitaire qui perdure depuis pr\u00e8s de\ntrente ans, cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 de multiples conflits qui s\u00e9vissent dans l\u2019Est\ndu pays ainsi que dans d\u2019autres provinces avec des poches d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ncaus\u00e9es par des conflits entre groupes arm\u00e9s et des conflits fonciers/ pour le\ncontr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles.\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, plus de 128,000 personnes se sont\nnouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en RDC portant le total \u00e0 environ 6,8 millions de\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Les femmes repr\u00e9sentent 51% de la population\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Plus de 80% des d\u00e9placements sont dus aux attaques et\naffrontements arm\u00e9s. Il sied de noter que le Nord Kivu et l\u2019Ituri sont les\nprovinces ayant accueilli plus de personnes retourn\u00e9es au cours des 3\nderniers mois. [1]\n\n\nAussi, dans un communiqu\u00e9 de presse publi\u00e9 le 29 janvier 2024, le\nCoordonnateur humanitaire en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo a tr\u00e8s\njustement exprim\u00e9 l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire face \u00e0 la\nnouvelle escalade de violences ainsi qu\u2019aux graves atteintes au droit\ninternational humanitaire commises dans la province du Nord Kivu.\n\n\nLes faits marquants ci-apr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9s en janvier 2024 :\n\n\n- Importantes inondations et \u00e9boulements de terrain dans plusieurs\nprovinces du pays et mobilisation du gouvernement et des acteurs\nhumanitaires pour une r\u00e9ponse urgente ;\n\n\n- Dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, intensification des affrontements entre le M23\net les coalitions des groupes arm\u00e9s ainsi que les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la\nR\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) dans les territoires de\n\n\n1 [https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-janvier-2024)\n[democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-janvier-2024](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/democratic-republic-congo/republique-democratique-du-congo-personnes-deplacees-internes-et-retournees-janvier-2024)\n\n\n\nMasisi et de Rutshuru entrainant des d\u00e9placements, des repr\u00e9sailles et\nabus de droits humains ; renforcement des effectifs des parties au conflit\n\u00e0 Goma et sur le territoire de Nyiragongo.\n\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, on note des incursions et embuscades de\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF contre les populations locales (\u00e9galement\ndurant les mouvements de population, notamment dans les groupements\nBabumba Kisiki et l\u2019axe Mbau-Kamango), notamment des agriculteurs\ndurant la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9colte de cacao, dans la zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019O\u00efcha ;\n\n\n- Au **Sud Kivu**, on note de multiples affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s\n(territoire de Kalehe) et entre des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 (Raiya\nMutomboki Makindu) et un groupe d\u2019autod\u00e9fense populaire (Territoire de\nShabunda) occasionnant d\u2019importants incidents de protection et des\nmouvements de population ; accueil de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes\ndans les groupements de Buzi et Zaralo, suite \u00e0 la crise M23 dans le\nNord Kivu (territoire de Masisi) ;\n\n\n- Dans la province **de l\u2019Ituri,** l\u2019activisme des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s de l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense du\nPeuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo\n(CODECO/URDPC) et des Forces d\u00e9mocratiques alli\u00e9es (ADF) seraient\n\u00e0 l\u2019origine de multiples atteintes aux droits humains contre les civils :\nhomicides, enl\u00e8vements, limitations de la libre circulation des personnes,\npillages de biens\u2026\n\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, il y a la persistance des activit\u00e9s des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s (Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale sur l\u2019axe Bendera) face \u00e0 une\npr\u00e9sence r\u00e9duite des FARDC dans les contr\u00e9es recul\u00e9es au Nord de\nKalemie, contribuant au maintien d\u2019attaques arm\u00e9es et de braquages\ncontre les civils de la part de milices et groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Dans les **provinces du Kasa\u00ef, Kasa\u00ef-Central et Kasa\u00ef-Oriental,** des\n\u00e9vasions de d\u00e9tenus causeraient l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 au sein de la population ;\naccueil de milliers de cas expuls\u00e9s d\u2019Angola (Kamako) ainsi que des\ntensions post-\u00e9lectorales qui ont entrain\u00e9 l\u2019expulsion 252 Kasa\u00efens de la\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\nprovince du Haut-Lomami vers la ville de Mwene Ditu (province de\nLomami).\n\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les territoires de Kwamouth\n(province de **Ma\u00ef-Ndombe),** Bagata (province du **Kwilu** ), Kenge\n(province de **Kwango** ) et une partie de la commune de Maluku dans la\nville province de **Kinshasa** est rest\u00e9e tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupante en raison de la\nrecrudescence d\u2019attaques des miliciens Mobondos et d\u2019affrontements\nentre ces derniers et les forces arm\u00e9es congolaises (FARDC) dans le\nterritoire de Kwamouth, mais aussi dans les autres territoires sus\n\u00e9voqu\u00e9s.\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Poursuivre le plaidoyer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en application effective du\nProgramme de D\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement\nCommunautaire et Stabilisation (PDDRC-S) ( _Cluster Protection_ ) ;\n\n\n- Maintenir le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s pour le renforcement de la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection des civils et leurs biens dans les zones d\u2019accueil,\net r\u00e9duire ainsi les risques d\u2019attaques dans les sites et centres collectifs.\n( _Cluster Protection_ ) ;\n\n\n- Maintenir et renforcer le plaidoyer pour le respect du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es face aux violations\npersistantes et incursions des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les sites _(Cluster_\n_Protection, Cluster CCCM)_\n\n\n- Renforcer la couverture de monitoring de protection sur l\u2019axe Bendera\n(Tanganyika) et ses environs en vue de la documentation et tendances\ndes incidents de protection ( _Cluster Protection_ ) ;\n\n\n- Sensibiliser la population du Grand Kasai \u00e0 la tol\u00e9rance et \u00e0 la\ncohabitation pacifique avec les personnes expuls\u00e9es de l'espace Haut\nLomami ( _Acteurs humanitaires/Autorit\u00e9s provinciales_ )\n\n\n## **PROVINCE DE L\u2019ITURI**\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- En d\u00e9but janvier 2024, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 les\nprincipaux auteurs des violations des droits humains dans la zone.\n\n\nUn climat d\u2019hostilit\u00e9 entre la population de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Rethy et\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/ URDPC s\u2019est install\u00e9 apr\u00e8s qu\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment\nde ce groupe arm\u00e9 ait tu\u00e9 5 personnes et bless\u00e9 9 personnes retourn\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, le 2 janvier, une incursion a \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nde la CODECO/ URDPC au domicile d\u2019une retourn\u00e9e \u00e0 Fataki tuant 3\npersonnes, blessants 2 personnes et emportant plusieurs ch\u00e8vres. Ces\nfaits pourraient d\u00e9courager le retour de la population dans cette localit\u00e9,\nmais \u00e9galement pourrait installer la peur au sein de la population qui vit\nessentiellement d\u2019agriculture et de petit \u00e9levage.\n\n- Toujours en d\u00e9but de mois de janvier, un pillage de vivres destin\u00e9s aux\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait par des combattants de la CODECO/\nURDPC le 4 janvier au village Jitso, localit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nde Fataki. Le v\u00e9hicule transportant les vivres a par la suite \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9.\nCe type d\u2019incident pourrait d\u00e9courager des acteurs humanitaires dans la\nzone et risquerait d\u2019accroitre la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la population dont les\nfemmes, les enfants ainsi que les personnes de troisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge confront\u00e9e\n\u00e0 la malnutrition.\n\n\n- D\u00e8s la 2 [e] semaine du mois, une psychose s\u2019est empar\u00e9e de la population\ndes localit\u00e9s de Bule-Loda et Fataki, ainsi que Bule-Ka ou il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9\nune pr\u00e9sence importante de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la CODECO/\nURDPC. Leur pr\u00e9sence dans ces zones limiterait \u00e9galement la libre\ncirculation des civils par crainte d\u2019embuscades sur ces tron\u00e7ons routiers.\n\n\n**MAMBASA**\n\n- Les 4 et 5 janvier 2024, les combattants ADF auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs\nd\u2019homicide sur 04 personnes retourn\u00e9es qui se trouvaient dans un\nregroupement champ\u00eatre et de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019une personne retourn\u00e9e\nqui se rendait au champ dans la localit\u00e9 de Tohya, au sud de Biakato\n(zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima).\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\nSelon des sources locales, des combattants arm\u00e9s des ADF seraient \u00e0\nla recherche de cacao pendant la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9colte, ce qui expliquerait\nqu\u2019ils organisent des incursions r\u00e9p\u00e9titives dans des regroupements\nchamp\u00eatres pour piller le cacao afin de le revendre.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Le territoire a enregistr\u00e9 des incidents de protection dont des cas de viols\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des combattants CODECO/URDPC sur des jeunes filles\nmineures se rendant ou revenant de lieux d\u2019approvisionnement en vivres.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU [2]**\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- La situation de protection des civils est rest\u00e9e pr\u00e9occupante dans le\nterritoire de Beni en raison de la poursuite des incursions et embuscades\ncontre les populations locales par de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF qui\ncibleraient notamment les agriculteurs. La zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019O\u00efcha en a\nparticuli\u00e8rement pay\u00e9 le lourd tribut.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, du 27 au 30 janvier, de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF ont\nmen\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes attaques contre des civils dans leurs champs aux\nenvirons des villages Kasongo, Matadi, Mabuo, Makodu, Mangazi et\nBaeti. Au moins 15 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et une dizaine d\u2019autres\nagriculteurs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s. Cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces attaques, 331\nm\u00e9nages de 1,655 personnes en provenance des villages pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s et le\nvillage Mamove se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers des familles d\u2019accueil \u00e0 la\ncommune rurale d\u2019O\u00efcha.\n\n- En fin janvier, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s ont tu\u00e9 11 civils et enlev\u00e9 plusieurs\nautres lors de deux attaques contre les populations des localit\u00e9s de\nBayeti et de Kaza Roho (zone de sant\u00e9 d'Oicha), selon la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\nlocale. Plus de 2 000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes de fuir vers des\nvillages voisins.\n\n\n2 Rapports hebdomadaires du Monitoring de Protection_janvier 2024_INTERSOS et\nUNHCR ; les donn\u00e9es statistiques n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es pour janvier 2024.\n\n\n\n\n- Du 5 au 8 janvier, 13 agriculteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans leurs champs aux\nenvirons du village Molisho. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF \u00e9taient de passage dans\nla zone.\n\n- Le 23 janvier, dans le village Ngite-Mavivi (zone de sant\u00e9 d'Oicha), au\nmoins neuf personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es, cinq autres enlev\u00e9es et 1 500\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes au d\u00e9placement vers Mbau et la ville de\nBeni.\n\n- Selon les acteurs de protection, au moins 57 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s au cours\ndes attaques arm\u00e9es dans plusieurs villages du territoire de Beni.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- Au sud du territoire de Lubero, des abus sont all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux diff\u00e9rents\nacteurs arm\u00e9s lors du recouvrement des taxes ill\u00e9gales.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- En d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode, des activistes des droits de l\u2019homme qui auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9s de d\u00e9noncer des abus auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 la cible d\u2019enl\u00e8vements\ndans les zones sous contr\u00f4le d\u2019un acteur arm\u00e9. 2 activistes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nenlev\u00e9s par ce groupe \u00e0 Kitshanga le 6 janvier.\n\n\n- Les combats entre les FARDC et les M23 se sont poursuivis en janvier\n2024 avec une intensification dans la 2e partie du mois.\n\n\nEn effet, d\u00e8s le 14 janvier 2024, les combats entre les deux bellig\u00e9rants\nse sont poursuivis aux alentours de Karuba avec une ramification autour\ndes zones \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de cette localit\u00e9, jusqu\u2019au 16 janvier 2024.\n\n\n- Compte tenu de l\u2019intensification des combats, des populations estim\u00e9es\nen mi-janvier \u00e0 environ 60 000 personnes et qui se trouvaient dans le site\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Bihambwe, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes \u00e0 poursuivre des\nmouvements pendulaires dans la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\n- Sur l\u2019axe Kitshanga, un groupe arm\u00e9 sensibiliserait les hommes au\nrecrutement et formation militaire. On y note la formation des groupes\narm\u00e9s d\u2019autod\u00e9fense. C\u2019est ainsi que du 12 au 18 janvier, environ 65\nhommes, se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9ventivement vers Kalembe et Goma\npar crainte de recrutements forc\u00e9s. Les risques de tels recrutements sont\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\nd\u2019entrainer des abus et d\u00e9placements qui pourraient \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9s\ndans la zone.\n\n- Par ailleurs, \u00e0 partir du 27 janvier, des explosions de bombes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es et ont fait au moins 17 bless\u00e9s \u00e0 Sake, y compris dans le\nsite de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n- En fin de p\u00e9riode, au regard de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante \u00e0 Masisi et du\nnombre de plus en plus croissant des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, ces derniers vivent dans\ndes conditions pr\u00e9caires et rencontrent des difficult\u00e9s pour se nourrir,\navoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de l\u2019eau potable, \u00e0 des soins de sant\u00e9 pour les personnes\nciviles bless\u00e9es, victimes des affrontements ou tous autres besoins\nvitaux.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- La pr\u00e9sence croissante de combattants dans certaines zones du\nterritoire augmente le risque de repr\u00e9sailles et la poursuite des\naffrontements. En outre, au Sud-Est du territoire, il est rapport\u00e9 la\nmultiplication de violences sous forme de repr\u00e9sailles contre les civils\nassimil\u00e9s aux membres de groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n- De brefs accrochages entre les M23 et un groupe arm\u00e9 local sont\nrenseign\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Muti (groupement de Tongo) mais sans\ncons\u00e9quence majeure sur le plan humanitaire.\n\n\n- A partir du 6 janvier, un acteur arm\u00e9 aurait organis\u00e9 des formations\nmilitaires pour des jeunes sur le territoire. Le groupe arm\u00e9 aurait exig\u00e9 \u00e0\nchaque chef de localit\u00e9 de disponibiliser 50 jeunes pour former un groupe\narm\u00e9 d\u2019autod\u00e9fense. Le 11 janvier, au village Rwambeho, en\ngroupement Jomba, 17 enfants auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nd\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Ces jeunes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis au transport d\u2019effets\nmilitaires et sont rest\u00e9s en captivit\u00e9, courant le risque de recrutements\nforc\u00e9s ou de repr\u00e9sailles.\n\n\nLe 25 janvier, 8 gar\u00e7ons de 13-17ans, qui regagnaient leurs domiciles\nrespectifs apr\u00e8s une pluie diluvienne, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s \u00e0 Rumangabo\n\n\n3\nNote d\u2019information : Violents affrontements entre hommes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Bikunda et\nKinyamuyaga, villages du groupement de Mubugu en chefferie de Buhavu_Flash \u2116\n007/KLH/SK/2024_INTERSOS et UNHCR\n\n\n\net Katale au groupement Kisigari par un acteur arm\u00e9 pour non-respect\ndu couvre-feu impos\u00e9 par ce dernier.\n\n\n- Il est \u00e0 craindre que l\u2019application du couvre-feu instaur\u00e9 par le M23\nentraine des repr\u00e9sailles, abus de droits humains.\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- On a enregistr\u00e9 2 affrontements entre les FARDC et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23\nen janvier 2024 durant lesquels la circulation sur la route Goma \u2013\nRutshuru a \u00e9t\u00e9 coup\u00e9e.\nLe 10 janvier, la mairie de Goma, en coordination avec les autorit\u00e9s\nprovinciales, a pris la d\u00e9cision d\u2019interdire la circulation des motos dans la\nville apr\u00e8s 18h00. D\u2019un point de vue s\u00e9curitaire, cette mesure vise \u00e0\nrenforcer le contr\u00f4le nocturne des bandits arm\u00e9s qui circuleraient\ndavantage par ce moyen de transport, et d\u2019\u00e9viter les infiltrations dans la\nville.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU**\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- Des cas d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dus aux multiples affrontements entre groupes\narm\u00e9s ont \u00e9maill\u00e9 le contexte s\u00e9curitaire de ce territoire, avec\nd\u2019importants incidents de protection et des mouvements de population.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, les 11 et 12 janvier, des affrontements entre \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nde deux factions d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 au Nord du village Katasomwa,\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 Bikunda et Kinyamuyaga (groupement de Mabugu) ont\nentrain\u00e9 les d\u00e9placements de centaines de m\u00e9nages des villages\nNganjo, Rutare, Kiduvere, Gashiye, Kitazungulwa, Karambi,\nBusasamaza et Chambombo. [3]\n\n\n- La crise du M23 qui secoue le Nord-Kivu affecte toujours la province du\nSud-Kivu qui a accueilli des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans les\ngroupements de Buzi et Zaralo. Les affrontements survenus \u00e0\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\nLushebere, Bikunda et Kinyamuyaga/ Kalehe et d\u2019autres \u00e0 Bitonga,\nNyamatovu, Kabalekasha, Nyondo, Bukimba en territoire de Masisi du 4\nau 7 janvier avaient forc\u00e9 des centaines de milliers de civils au\nd\u00e9placement vers le territoire de Kalehe (dans les Moyens Plateaux et la\npartie littorale). Il est \u00e0 noter que le territoire de Kalehe a d\u00e9j\u00e0 re\u00e7u\nplusieurs vagues de populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes issues de la crise du\nM23. Les arrivants de janvier 2024 se sont ajout\u00e9s au nombre des\nanciennes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes qui vivent dans des conditions\nde vie assez pr\u00e9caires. Ainsi, \u00e0 Kalehe, 265 000 IDPs sont issues de la\ncrise M23 dont 85 000 entre le 1 [er] et le 31 janvier 2024.\n\n\n- En outre, au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 des\nrecrutements d\u2019enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Bunyakiri.\n\n\n**SHABUNDA**\n\n- De violents affrontements assortis des cas d\u2019abus et/ou violations ont\n\u00e9maill\u00e9 le contexte s\u00e9curitaire de ce territoire en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ces\naffrontements auraient oppos\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 (Raiya\nMutomboki Makindu) \u00e0 un groupe d\u2019autod\u00e9fense populaire \u00e0 Kikuni et\nvillages environnants en groupement d\u2019Ikama Kasanza dans la chefferie\nde Wakabango Ier le 08 janvier 2024.\n\n\nOutre des cas d\u2019abus signal\u00e9s, ces accrochages avaient aussi forc\u00e9\nplusieurs m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement vers d\u2019autres villages assez stables.\nUn enfant aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 par balle, trois adultes enlev\u00e9s et plus de 300\nm\u00e9nages venus de Kikuki, Kyankombe, Bazala, Awazi et Mukoloka\nforc\u00e9s au d\u00e9placement vers Katembele et Kasanza.\n\n- Des acteurs pr\u00e9sents dans le territoire ont signal\u00e9 des viols sur enfants\net des recrutements d\u2019enfants dans les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Le taux de criminalit\u00e9 d\u2019hommes et des groupes arm\u00e9s inqui\u00e8te dans le\nlittoral notamment \u00e0 Tubala, Kibanga et Kitupa. En effet, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9\nune augmentation des cas d\u2019agression contre des civils en particulier les\nfemmes, malgr\u00e9 la poursuite des op\u00e9rations militaires FARDC dans la\nzone et l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des contingents Burundais \u00e0 Baraka. Ces attaques\nrestreindraient la mobilit\u00e9 des civils vers les mines, champs et\n\n\n\nfragiliseraient certains secteurs vitaux notamment le petit commerce.\nParall\u00e8lement, la pr\u00e9sence active des miliciens (FDLR) continue\nd\u2019inqui\u00e9ter les habitants du village Katupa et ceux des villages\nenvironnant depuis le 20 janvier 2024. L\u2019on craint que cette pr\u00e9sence ne\nsoit la raison de la hausse du taux de la criminalit\u00e9 dans la zone, au\nregard de leur mode op\u00e9rationnel diff\u00e9rent de celui des autres groupes\narm\u00e9s locaux.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus de droits humains en janvier 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**Total**|\n|**KALEMIE**|13|40|50|20|00|**123**|\n|**NYUNZU**|00|00|03|01|00|**04**|\n|**TOTAL**|**13**|**40**|**53**|**21**|**00**|**127**|\n\n\nEn janvier 2024, la d\u00e9gradation de la situation s\u00e9curitaire continue de\nmenacer les civils sur l\u2019axe Bendera dans le territoire de Kalemie. C\u2019est ainsi\nque **127 violations et abus** de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en janvier,\nsoit **13** violations en moins par rapport au mois de d\u00e9cembre 2023 avec **140**\nviolations et abus. Les principales violations des droits humains sont\nrespectivement l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et blessures, tortures/traitements\ninhumains), le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (taxes ill\u00e9gales, pillages), les violences\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre (agressions physiques, viols) et le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9\n(arrestation arbitraire/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale, enl\u00e8vements).\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KALEMIE**\n\n\n# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\nde civils et pill\u00e9 les biens de la population civile. 500 personnes se sont\npar la suite d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers Pweto et Moba.\n\n\n\n\n- La persistance des activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s face \u00e0 une pr\u00e9sence\nr\u00e9duite des FARDC dans les contr\u00e9es recul\u00e9es au nord de Kalemie\ncontribue \u00e0 la multiplication d\u2019attaques arm\u00e9es, des embuscades de\ncivils assortis de d\u00e9pouillements de biens, d\u2019extorsions, enl\u00e8vements\nainsi que des viols de la part principalement de milices.\n\n\nEn effet, les actes de braquage ciblent les usagers de la route de l\u2019axe\nBendera et les attaques de miliciens sont dirig\u00e9es contre les cultivateurs\net ce, de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9currente.\n\n\nDans la plupart des cas, les acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques se livrent \u00e0 des\nactes entravant la libert\u00e9 par des enl\u00e8vements, l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0\ndes violations \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 par des pillages en vue de se procurer des\nbiens de valeurs \u00e0 revendre pour leur survie. Sur l\u2019axe Bendera, les\nprincipales victimes sont les motocyclistes et leurs passagers faisant le\ntrafic entre Kalemie et Misisi.\n\n\n- Au moins 8 viols (dont 2 viols sur mineures) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par des\nMa\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa Na pale dans diff\u00e9rents villages principalement dans l\u2019axe\nBandera.\n\n- Par ailleurs, d\u2019autres attaques arm\u00e9es contre des civils sont constat\u00e9es\ndans les sites miniers en vue du contr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles\nnotamment dans le territoire de Manono.\n\n\n**MANONO**\n\n\n- Des incursions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Bakatakatanga sont\nfr\u00e9quemment rapport\u00e9es dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kiambi. Ils\nproviendraient du territoire de Pweto/Haut-Katanga et lanceraient leurs\nattaques contre les civils \u00e0 Mambwe, Kayumba, Kalamata.\n\n\nA cela s\u2019ajoute aussi les exactions de miliciens Nyumbaisha et alli\u00e9s sur\nl\u2019axe Kiambi-Nyemba o\u00f9 ils imposent de taxes aux orpailleurs artisanaux\naux niveaux de carr\u00e9s miniers sous peine d\u2019attaques.\n\n\n- Le 11 janvier 2024, le site minier de Katonge \u00e0 Manono, a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9\npar les Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Bakata Katanga, qui ont gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 une vingtaine\n\n\n\n|Tendances des violations et abus des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasai**|33|80|93|67|9|**_282_**|**_50_**|\n|**Kasai**
**oriental**|22|72|99|9|2|**_204_**|**_36_**|\n|**Kasai central**|7|9|30|25|9|**_80_**|**_14_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**62**|**161**|**222**|**101**|**20**|**_566_**|**_100_**|\n\n\nEnviron **566** **violations et abus** de droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s, dont pr\u00e8s de\n50% dans le Kasa\u00ef, 36% dans le Kasa\u00ef Oriental et 14% dans le Kasa\u00ef\nCentral ; soit une augmentation des violations de 10.54% dans les provinces\npar rapport au mois de d\u00e9cembre 2023 o\u00f9 il y avait environ **512** violations\ndans les trois Kasa\u00efs.\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n - Des centaines de maisons se sont \u00e9croul\u00e9es par suite du d\u00e9bordement\nde la rivi\u00e8re Kasa\u00ef, au village Mpanda, secteur de Kabambaie, dans le\nTerritoire de Tshikapa, province du Kasa\u00ef le 24 janvier 2024. Au total,\n\n\n\n\n- Le village de Kangulungu et ses environs se trouvant dans le groupement\nde Kayumba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9s en date du 11 janvier 2024, par des Ma\u00efMa\u00ef Bakatakatanga provoquant un d\u00e9placement de populations.\n\n\n- Durant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, les miliciens Bakatakatanga ont incendi\u00e9 de\nnombreuses maisons dont celle du Chef de Kalenga-Sendwe et commis\nplusieurs cas d\u2019atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique par des viols et des\ntraitements inhumains contre les civils ainsi que des pillages de biens.\n\n## **KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\n193 maisons, 4 \u00e9glises et une \u00e9cole se sont \u00e9croul\u00e9es par les eaux de la\nrivi\u00e8re Kasa\u00ef en d\u00e9bordement, laissant plusieurs m\u00e9nages sans abris.\n\n- **Kamako** : Les expulsions de l\u2019Angola s'intensifient depuis le vendredi 26\njanvier 2024. Une op\u00e9ration conjointe des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 angolaises\n(RUSCA) est men\u00e9e non seulement dans les zones mini\u00e8res, mais aussi\ndans les villes de Dundo, Lucapa, Zagi, Fucauma, o\u00f9 l\u2019on note la\npr\u00e9sence de citoyens congolais. Les statistiques obtenues aupr\u00e8s de la\nDGM \u00e0 Kamako font \u00e9tat de **1 573** Congolais expuls\u00e9s de l'Angola durant\nle mois de janvier 2024 : **115 femmes**, **1 409 hommes**, **23 filles** et **26**\n**gar\u00e7ons** qui se trouvent dans la cit\u00e9 de Kamako dans des conditions tr\u00e8s\npr\u00e9caires.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n- A Tshimbulu dans le territoire de Dibaya, l\u2019\u00e9vasion de 6 d\u00e9tenus du\ncachot de la police dans la nuit du 25 au 26 janvier 2024 cr\u00e9e des\ninqui\u00e9tudes aupr\u00e8s des populations, avec pour risque l\u2019augmentation des\nincidents de protection car les suspects \u00e9vad\u00e9s pourraient commettre\nd\u2019autres incidents.\n\n\n- En outre, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 deux (2) cas de justice populaire dans les\ncommunes de Ndesha et commune de Kananga les 28 et 29 janvier 2024\no\u00f9 2 voleurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 brul\u00e9s.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL**\n\n- Dans la nuit du 13 au 14 janvier 2024, il y a eu \u00e9vasion \u00e0 la prison centrale\nde Mbuji-Mayi de 8 prisonniers ; 2 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rattrap\u00e9s par la police et les 6\nautres sont en fuite.\n\n\n**LOMAMI**\n\nPlus de deux semaines apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9s de leurs logements, plus de\n250 Kasa\u00efens qui vivaient dans le Haut Lomami sont arriv\u00e9s en train le\nvendredi 19 janvier 2023 dans la ville de Mwene Ditu, dans la province de\nLomami. Expuls\u00e9s de Luena et Malemba Nkulu dans la province du Haut\nLomami, sans assistance, ils ont pass\u00e9 plus d\u2019une semaine \u00e0 la gare de\nMwene Ditu puis certains ont pris le chemin de Mbuji-Mayi et d\u2019autres celui\nde Kananga. 32 m\u00e9nages ont occup\u00e9 un espace \u00e0 la Mairie de Mwene Ditu.\n\n\n\nCes personnes payent ainsi les cons\u00e9quences de discours haineux tenus par\ncertains politiques lors de la campagne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle. Plusieurs\nincidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s entre les partisans des certains candidats durant\nplusieurs semaines et une fois les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9lection connus, ces familles\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es de leurs domiciles par leurs logeurs.\n\n## **PROVINCES DE KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**\n\n\n- La situation s\u00e9curitaire dans les territoires de Kwamouth (province de Ma\u00efNdombe), Bagata (province du Kwilu), Kenge (province de Kwango) et\nune partie de la commune de Maluku dans la ville province de Kinshasa\nest rest\u00e9e tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupante en janvier 2024 avec une recrudescence des\nattaques des miliciens Mobondos et des affrontements entre ces derniers\net les forces arm\u00e9es congolaises (FARDC) dans le territoire de\nKwamouth, mais aussi dans les autres territoires sus \u00e9voqu\u00e9s.\n\n\n- La route nationale n\u00b017 dans sa partie situ\u00e9e entre Masia-Mbio et\nBandundu-ville \u00e9tant toujours occup\u00e9e par des miliciens Mobondo, la\ncirculation y est rest\u00e9e impossible pendant plusieurs semaines.\n\n\nDepuis le 7 janvier, plusieurs militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur cette route\npour permettre la reprise de la circulation des personnes et de leurs biens.\nEn effet, 5 janvier, un v\u00e9hicule qui avait tent\u00e9 d'y passer sous escorte\nmilitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par des miliciens et quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC parmi\nles dix qui escortaient le v\u00e9hicule ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abattus sur le champ, tandis que\nles passagers \u00e9taient port\u00e9s disparus.\n\n\nLe trafic routier entre Masia-Mbio (Kinshasa) et Bandundu-ville a repris\nau cours de la derni\u00e8re semaine du mois.\n\n\n- Le 9 janvier 2024, un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de populations a \u00e9t\u00e9 caus\u00e9 par\ndes miliciens qui auraient attaqu\u00e9 le centre Tsedi Mwedi, un village se\ntrouvant dans le secteur Bukanga Lonzo dans le territoire de Kenge, dans\nla province de **Kwango** . Des ex\u00e9cutions d\u2019habitants et d\u2019autres exactions\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s.\n\n\nLe 18 janvier 2024, entre les villages Nsele et Lituma situ\u00e9s \u00e0 plus ou\nmoins 40 kilom\u00e8tres de Masia-Mbio dans le territoire de Kwamouth dans\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 JANVIER 2024**\n\n\n\nla province de **Ma\u00ef-Ndombe**, des miliciens auraient attaqu\u00e9 3 personnes\nqui voyageaient sur une moto. Parmi les trois passagers se trouvait un\n\u00e9l\u00e9ment des forces arm\u00e9es congolaises (FARDC) qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 avec\nle conducteur de la moto qui \u00e9tait un enseignant du village Mpemba. Le\ntroisi\u00e8me passager a \u00e9t\u00e9 gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 par balle.\n\n\nLe 30 janvier, deux villages habit\u00e9s par des T\u00e9k\u00e9s \u00e0 savoir Etats-Unis et\nTakundu situ\u00e9s respectivement \u00e0 12 et 15 kilom\u00e8tres de Pont-Kwango\nsur la nationale n\u00b01 dans la province du **Kwango**, ont subi des attaques\ndes Mobondos : le bilan est de pr\u00e8s de 25 personnes tu\u00e9es au village\nEtats-Unis et 20 personnes \u00e0 Takundu. Dans ces deux villages, les\nassaillants ont, en outre, incendi\u00e9 des maisons et un centre de sant\u00e9\navant de se retrancher dans la for\u00eat. La population s\u2019est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e vers\nBukanga-Lonzo s\u2019ajoutant au nombre des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en provenance de\nKingala, Matele, Pont Kwango. [4]\n\n## **INONDATIONS**\n\n- En janvier 2024, des pluies diluviennes ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9occuper les\npopulations ; des inondations, \u00e9boulements de terrains ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s dans plusieurs provinces du pays.\n\n\n- Au moins 69% des provinces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9es par les inondations\n\u00e9boulements de terrains : Equateur, Tshopo, Sud-Ubangui, NordUbangui, Tanganyika, Sud Kivu, Ituri, Kinshasa\u2026\n\n\n- Des \u00e9valuations rapides multisectorielles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es par des\nacteurs dans les provinces concern\u00e9es pour une r\u00e9ponse urgente aux\nbesoins des personnes affect\u00e9es.\n\n- Un plan de r\u00e9ponse a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9 par le Gouvernement congolais et est\nen cours de revue avec diff\u00e9rents clusters.\n\n\n- Une allocation du Fonds central d'intervention d'urgence (CERF) pour 6\nMillions USD a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9e \u00e0 quatre (4) agences des Nations Unies,\npour une p\u00e9riode de trois mois qui ciblera les besoins vitaux urgents dans\nquelques provinces o\u00f9 les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et la gravit\u00e9 des besoins sont\n\u00e9lev\u00e9es, notamment la Tshopo, le Sud-Kivu, l'\u00c9quateur et Kinshasa. En\noutre, il s\u2019agira pour cette aide humanitaire d\u2019urgence d\u2019assurer des\n\n\n4 Caritas.be\n\n\n\nservices de protection afin d'att\u00e9nuer la violence sexuelle bas\u00e9e sur le\ngenre et de renforcer la protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e8e54483-9f00-4026-bda9-953ed2a3b684/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_en_rdc_janvier_2024_vf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_873/raw/doc_873_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_873/raw/doc_873_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ca4fd27244025bbff90a48d4d7bcdf08ea3c9d6d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_873/raw/doc_873_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nDurant le mois d\u2019octobre, la RDC a connu des avanc\u00e9es dans son cadre\nl\u00e9gislatif avec la publication au Journal Officiel (JO) le 17 octobre 2023, d\u2019une\n**loi portant protection et responsabilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits**\n**humains** . Celle-ci vise \u00e0 garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des\npersonnes qui d\u00e9fendent les droits de l\u2019homme. Cette loi reconnait\nl\u2019importance du r\u00f4le des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019homme dans la promotion\net protection des droits fondamentaux et pr\u00e9voit des mesures sp\u00e9cifiques\npour pr\u00e9venir des actes de violences, des intimidations, des menaces et\nrepr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019homme. Dans le\nm\u00eame JO, la **loi d\u00e9terminant les principes fondamentaux relatifs au**\n**syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nitentiaire** a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une\navanc\u00e9e dans la protection des droits des personnes priv\u00e9es de libert\u00e9 en\nRDC et pourrait notamment contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale et\nle taux de mortalit\u00e9 en d\u00e9tention.\n\n\nAu niveau op\u00e9rationnel, plus de deux ans apr\u00e8s l\u2019instauration de l\u2019Etat de\nSi\u00e8ge au Nord Kivu et en Ituri, le Pr\u00e9sident Congolais, F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, a\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9 le 12 octobre 2023 avoir opt\u00e9 pour la mise en \u0153uvre d'un dispositif\ntransitoire graduel au terme duquel cette situation exceptionnelle devra\nconna\u00eetre sa fin. Ce dispositif transitoire consistera au r\u00e9tablissement de\nl'autorit\u00e9 civile dans les entit\u00e9s territoriales d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es et d\u00e9concentr\u00e9es\nqui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 s\u00e9curis\u00e9es et sous contr\u00f4le des forces arm\u00e9es de la RDC.\n\n\nL'annonce du chef de l'\u00c9tat survient \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 les faits marquants ciapr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9s :\n\n\n- Apr\u00e8s quelques temps d\u2019accalmie pr\u00e9caire, les combats ont repris dans\nle **Nord Kivu** d\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re semaine d\u2019octobre, provoquant de\nnombreux morts et de nouveaux afflux massifs de populations. Il y a ainsi\neu dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, une s\u00e9rieuse d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du contexte\ns\u00e9curitaire avec la reprise et l\u2019intensification des affrontements entre les\nM23 et les groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment au cours des deux premi\u00e8res\n\n\n1\nRapport mensuel de monitoring de protection ITURI et HAUT-UELE | Octobre 2023\n\n\n\nsemaines du mois, particuli\u00e8rement les territoires de Rutshuru et de\nMasisi.\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, la p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des\naffrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s et les FARDC \u00e0 Beni, par l\u2019activisme\nde groupes arm\u00e9s ADF et Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef contre les civils dans les territoires de\nBeni et Lubero et par la r\u00e9duction des mouvements vers les champs en\nraison de multiples attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s contre les agriculteurs.\n\n\n- Au **Sud Kivu**, des affrontements entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s et entre les\nmilitaires des FARDC dans les Provinces du Sud-Kivu et du Maniema\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s entrainant plusieurs violations et abus des droits de\nl\u2019homme. Dans la partie nord du Sud-Kivu, la mont\u00e9e de l'activisme des\ngroupes RM sous l'\u00e9gide de Wazalendo d\u00e9stabilise encore davantage\nles territoires de la r\u00e9gion, notamment Walungu et Kabara, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s\ncomme relativement stables.\n\n\n- La situation de protection et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e volatile sur l\u2019ensemble\nde la province **de l\u2019Ituri et \u00e0 Faradje dans de** **la province du Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9** .\nDes pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s (CODECO, FPIC, FRPI,\nMa\u00ef Ma\u00ef, Za\u00efre, ADF et des bandits arm\u00e9s) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9s comme auteurs\nde multiples violations et atteintes aux droits humains au cours des\nattaques et embuscades contre les civils [1] .\n\n\n- Dans la province du **Tanganyika**, des tensions en lien avec l\u2019exploitation\ndes minerais (Nyunzu), l\u2019activisme de groupes arm\u00e9s Mayi Mayi Apa na\nPale (Kalemie), Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef Mala\u00efka (Kongolo), des affrontements entre\nFARDC et Bakatakatanga (Manono) se soldent en violations et abus de\ndroits de l\u2019homme.\n\n\n- Dans les **provinces du Kasa\u00ef, Kasa\u00ef-Central et Kasa\u00ef-Oriental,**\npoursuite de conflits intercommunautaires, conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation\ndes for\u00eats et d\u2019actes de banditisme.\n\n\n- Les incursions des miliciens Yakas ( _Mobondos_ ) et les affrontements\nentre ces derniers et les FARDC dans les provinces du **Kwango, Kwilu**\net **Ma\u00ef-Ndombe** continuent d\u2019entrainer des mouvements de populations\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\naffectant aussi bien les provinces pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es que la zone p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique de\nla ville de Kinshasa (principalement la commune de Maluku).\n\n\n- Les acteurs du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 environ **17,157**\nviolations et incidents de protection en octobre 2023, soit une\naugmentation de **21.94%** par rapport au mois de septembre avec **14,069**\nviolations et incidents. Parmi ces violations, il y a au moins **277**\nhomicides, **4,078** victimes de coups et blessures, **390** victimes de torture\net traitements inhumains, **876** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **1,499** travaux\nforc\u00e9s, **569** viols et **412** violations 1612. Les violations et abus rapport\u00e9s\nen octobre concernent **23,952** victimes, dont **6,063** femmes, **16,277**\nhommes et **1,612** enfants.\n\n\n- De janvier \u00e0 octobre 2023, environ **92,813** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s.\n\n\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de la Coordination des op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires conjointes FARDC/UPDF pour leur \u00e9largissement \u00e0 la zone de\nsant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha en vue de la s\u00e9curisation des civils cultivateurs de cette\nzone ( _Cluster Protection_ )\n\n\n- Evaluer les besoins urgents des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les zones\ndes d\u00e9placements (Kirumba, Kamandi, Luofu etc.) afin de leur apporter\nles r\u00e9ponses requises ( _Cluster Protection)_\n\n\n- Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en application effective du Programme de\nD\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement Communautaire et\nStabilisation (PDDRC-S)\n\n\n- Renforcer les sensibilisations des groupes arm\u00e9s pour leur adh\u00e9sion au\nprocessus PDDRC-S ainsi que sur les violations 16/12 _(PDDRC-Section_\n_DDR de la Monusco et partenaires d\u2019ex\u00e9cution)_\n\n\n- Envisager des op\u00e9rations de d\u00e9minage d\u2019engins explosifs pr\u00e9sents dans\nles provinces du Nord Kivu (Beni, Masisi, Rutshuru) et Sud Kivu\n(territoires de Fizi, Mwenga, Uvira) et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des s\u00e9ances de\npr\u00e9vention en vue d\u2019\u00e9viter des accidents ( _Cluster Protection/CCLAM_ )\n\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|1,233 Cas de VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||||**412 Violations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des**
**all\u00e9gations 1612 rapport\u00e9s aux m\u00e9canismes MRM**|\n||||**4,762 Violations du droit \u00e0 l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique**|\n||||**4,669 Violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9**|\n||||**5,991 Cas de violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9**
**(extorsion des biens, incendies, taxes ill\u00e9gales,**
**pillages)**|\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n## **PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE** **(Faradje)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus des droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9**
**t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9gri**
**t\u00e9**
**physiq**
**ue**|**VBG**|**Violations**
**graves des**
**droits de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**Total**|**% **|\n|**Aru**|42|65|7|13|0|**127**|**4 **|\n|**Djugu**|203|437|138|76|4|**858**|**30**|\n|**Faradje**|9|110|0|9|0|**128**|**4 **|\n|**Irumu**|44|355|177|88|0|**664**|**23**|\n|**Mahagi**|175|404|301|49|0|**929**|**32**|\n|**Mambasa**|72|76|13|13|1|**174**|**6 **|\n|**TOTAL**|**545**|**1,446**|**636**|**248**|**5 **|**2,880**|**100**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _2 en Ituri_\n\n- **2,880 violations et abus** des droits humains et autres incidents de\nprotection et abus pour **4,343 victimes (2,976 hommes, 1,273 femmes,**\n**94 enfants)** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les acteurs du monitoring de\nprotection dans les territoires de la province de l\u2019Ituri (Mahagi, Djugu,\nIrumu, Mambasa et Aru), ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 Faradje dans la province du Haut\nU\u00e9l\u00e9 au cours du mois d\u2019octobre. Ces chiffres repr\u00e9sentant une\n**augmentation de 22.81 %** comparativement au mois de septembre\n2023 avec **2,345** violations.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier, **55,274** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations dont\n20,094 femmes, 32,673 hommes et 2,507 enfants.\n\n\n2 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- **929 violations** repr\u00e9sentant 32 % des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la province et\nFaradje, et une augmentation de 45 % par rapport au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\navec 641 cas. Cette augmentation pourrait r\u00e9sulter des attaques\nassorties des violations des droits humains principalement dans les\nlocalit\u00e9s littorales (Kwore et Mukachi), en zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Angumu en\nraison de la faible couverture des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. En effet, plusieurs\ncas de pillages suivis des travaux forc\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les\nzones de sant\u00e9 de Kambala et Angumu.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019Union des R\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense\ndu Peuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative pour le D\u00e9veloppement du\nCongo (CODECO/URDPC) auraient accentu\u00e9 les violations avec des\npillages, des travaux forc\u00e9s et des extorsions des biens des civils.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 07 octobre 2023, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une incursion dans le groupement\nRuvinga, chefferie de Mukambu. Au cours de cette incursion, ils auraient\nincendi\u00e9 environ 55 abris dans les villages de Walla et Ulalu, entrainant\nle d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 1,137 m\u00e9nages vers les localit\u00e9s de Jupukelo,\nUmoyo, Yau, dans le groupement Umoyo, chefferie de Djukoth.\n\n\nLe 30 octobre 2023, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une attaque dans le camp de p\u00eache\nde Mukachi, en zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Angumu. Lors de celle-ci, ils auraient\nemport\u00e9 plusieurs biens des populations civiles dans 17 maisons et 5\nboutiques.\n\n- Par ailleurs, des militaires des FARDC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s comme\nauteurs d\u2019extorsions des biens des civils, notamment dans les zones de\nsant\u00e9 de Logo et Rimba en imposant le versement d\u2019un droit de passage\nau niveau des barri\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales \u00e9rig\u00e9es les jours durant lesquels sont\norganis\u00e9s les march\u00e9s communautaires.\n\n\n**DJUGU**\n\n- Avec **858 violations** repr\u00e9sentant **30%** des cas rapport\u00e9s dans la\nprovince de l\u2019Ituri et Faradje, le territoire de Djugu a enregistr\u00e9 le plus\ngrand nombre de violations des droits humains apr\u00e8s celui de Mahagi, et\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nune augmentation de **167** cas par rapport au mois de septembre 2023\n( **697 cas** ).\n\n\nCette hausse pourrait \u00eatre en lien avec l\u2019environnement des civils qui est\nrest\u00e9 menac\u00e9 par des attaques des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de CODECO/URDPC et\ndu ZA\u00cfRE qui continuent de porter atteintes aux droits des populations\nciviles.\n\n\nLe retard dans la mise en application effective du Programme de\nD\u00e9sarmement, D\u00e9mobilisation, Rel\u00e8vement Communautaire et\nStabilisation (PDDRC-S) serait un facteur qui offrirait aux membres des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s une certaine latitude dans la commission des diff\u00e9rentes\nviolations des droits humains ; ceux-ci sont \u00e0 la recherche de moyens de\nsurvie dans les zones sous leur occupation, mais aussi dans celles\ncontr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les militaires FARDC.\n\n\nUn autre facteur expliquant la d\u00e9gradation de la situation de protection\ndes civils serait la d\u00e9gradation de la route nationale 27 entre IGA barri\u00e8re\net Fataki qui aurait \u00e9galement un impact sur les acc\u00e8s. Des cas\nd\u2019embuscades assorties de meurtres, de pillages et de coups et\nblessures y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\n\n\nDurant toute la p\u00e9riode sous revue, les civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 essentiellement\nvictimes d\u2019extorsions de biens, payements d\u2019amendes ill\u00e9gales, travaux\nforc\u00e9s.\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 6 octobre 2023, environ 370 personnes retourn\u00e9es\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes \u00e0 la construction des cases dans le campement\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO dans la localit\u00e9 de Nguo, en zone de sant\u00e9\nde Damas. Environ 16 personnes n\u2019ayant pas particip\u00e9 \u00e0 ces travaux\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9es et oblig\u00e9es de payer chacune environ 10 USD.\nLe 17 octobre 2023, deux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de la\nCODECO/URDPC auraient flagell\u00e9 04 femmes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es du site de\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Hungbwe et les auraient d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones\nportables, une somme de 35.000 FC et un r\u00e9gime de bananes, dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Bri, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Nizi.\n\n\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n- **664 violations,** soit 29 % des cas, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, soit une baisse\nde **3.9%** ( **27 cas** ) par rapport au mois de septembre 2023 durant lequel\n**691** cas avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s.\n\n- Depuis le 14 octobre 2023 dans la partie Ouest de la for\u00eat sur la route\nnationale num\u00e9ro 4, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, l\u2019intensification des\nop\u00e9rations conjointes des militaires FARDC et UPDF est observ\u00e9e.\nOp\u00e9rations qui auraient \u00e9galement permis de d\u00e9truire les nouveaux\nbastions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF install\u00e9s apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du\nNord Kivu, r\u00e9duisant ainsi leur capacit\u00e9 de nuisance.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s (Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef/Mazembe, FRPI,\nFPIC et TCHINI YA TUNA), auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement index\u00e9s comme\nauteurs de violations des droits humains contre les civils dans le\nterritoire. Ces groupes arm\u00e9s se seraient illustr\u00e9s dans les cas de\nmeurtres, de coups et blessures, d\u2019enl\u00e8vements et de pillages de biens\nvivres et non vivres dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, Nyankunde,\nGety et Boga.\n\n- Des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es (ADF)\net ceux de la Force Patriotique et Int\u00e9grationniste du Congo (FPIC)\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 index\u00e9s comme auteurs de meurtres et d\u2019extorsions des\nbiens des civils dans des localit\u00e9s des zones de sant\u00e9 de Komanda et\nNyankunde. A titre illustratif, le 21 octobre 2023, dans la localit\u00e9 de\nNdimo, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Komanda, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s\ndes ADF auraient attaqu\u00e9 un convoi de motards qui se rendaient \u00e0\nKomanda \u00e0 partir du Nord Kivu ; ils auraient tu\u00e9 une femme d\u2019environ 34\nans. Le 29 octobre 2023, dans la localit\u00e9 de Talolo, \u00e0 environ 49 Km au\nsud-ouest de Bunia, en zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyankunde, 03 \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la\nFPIC auraient tendu une embuscade \u00e0 03 personnes retourn\u00e9es de la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Nyankunde qui se rendaient dans la localit\u00e9 de Nyamao Avini.\nLors de celle-ci, ils les auraient flagell\u00e9es et d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es d\u2019une somme de\n450,000 FC.\n\n\n**FARADJE**\n\n- **128 violations et abus** repr\u00e9sentant **4 %** des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s \u00e0\nFaradje en octobre 2023, avec une baisse de 17 violations en\ncomparaison au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec **111 violations et abus** . Une\nhausse a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e au cours de la p\u00e9riode de distribution du cash et\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\ndes vivres par le PAM, du 26 au 29 octobre et du 30 octobre au 1 [er]\nnovembre 2023 par AAI au site de Bele. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019extorsions de biens \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents checkpoints.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**





|**Droit**
**\u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**


|**VBG**





|**Violations**
**graves**
**des droits**
**de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Lubero**|97|94|103|18|21|**_333_**|**_11_**|\n|**Masisi**|220|211|386|130|97|**_1,044_**|**_35_**|\n|**Nyiragongo**|91|79|69|111|08|**_358_**|**_12_**|\n|**O\u00efcha**|183|217|146|13|18|**_577_**|**_19_**|\n|**Rutshuru**|185|145|139|50|23|**_542_**|**_18_**|\n|**Autres (Goma,**
**Walikale)**|38|38|30|63|02|**_171_**|**_6 _**|\n|**TOTAL**|**814**|**784**|**873**|**385**|**169**|**_3,025_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n_Tableau montrant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection dans le Nord Kivu_\n\n\n- Environ **3,025** **abus et violations des droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ndocument\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection au cours de cette p\u00e9riode.\nCes chiffres repr\u00e9sentant une augmentation de 62.72 %\ncomparativement au mois de septembre 2023 avec 1,859 violations. Le\nterritoire le plus affect\u00e9 est une fois de plus Masisi (1,044 cas), avec 35%\ndes cas.\n\n- S\u2019agissant des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG), 385 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s, parmi lesquels 77,40 % sont des cas de viols : Masisi (103),\nNyiragongo (90), Goma (44), Rutshuru (39).\n\n- En ce qui concerne les violations graves commises contre des enfants\ndans des situations de conflit arm\u00e9, 169 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s, dont\n\n\n\n39 cas de violences sexuelles, 29 cas de meurtres/mutilation d\u2019enfants\net 75 cas de recrutement et utilisation d\u2019enfants et 23 enl\u00e8vements.\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, **51,618** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ces\nviolations dont **12,016** femmes, **23,252** hommes et **16,350** enfants.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Au Nord-Ouest du territoire, des affrontements entre une coalition des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et le M23 se poursuivent entrainant des d\u00e9placements\nmassifs et abus et violations des droits de l\u2019homme.\n\n- Les affrontements entre un groupe arm\u00e9 et le M23 et entre une coalition\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s et le M23 en groupements Bashali-Mukoto et\nBashali-Kaembe ont entrain\u00e9 les d\u00e9placements d\u2019environ 99,270\npersonnes les 4 et 5 octobre 2023. Un grand nombre de ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s se\nsont dispers\u00e9s vers les localit\u00e9s de Mweso et Kitshanga, et le long des\naxes routiers Kilorirwe-Nyamitaba, Kitshanga-Mokoto et KitshangaMweso.\n\n- Le 4 octobre, plus de 200 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es \u00e0 Busumba,\nRugogwe et Kihunda et 66 hommes retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et\noblig\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s de transporter les biens pill\u00e9s. Ces\nvictimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es apr\u00e8s ces travaux.\n\n- Lors des affrontements du 5 octobre, 3 PDIs du site de Kilolirwe auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es par balles. Plus de 300 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es par des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s. 12 civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s pour le transport des\nbiens pill\u00e9s. Ces victimes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es apr\u00e8s ces transports. 9\nmaisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Nturo.\n\n- Apr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s et le M23 dans et\nautour de la cit\u00e9 de Kitshanga le 6 et 7 octobre, le M23 a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 de\nla cit\u00e9 par d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s le 8 octobre 2023.\n\n- De nombreux civils subiraient des actes de repr\u00e9sailles li\u00e9s aux\naccusations de collaboration avec des parties au conflit. Le 11 octobre,\n23 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es par un groupe arm\u00e9. Le 12 octobre,\n5 personnes retourn\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s.\nLe risque de nouvelles repr\u00e9sailles par des groupes arm\u00e9s est \u00e9lev\u00e9.\n\n- Au centre de Masisi, des acteurs arm\u00e9s continueraient de fr\u00e9quenter des\nsites de PDIs. Du 14 au 16 octobre, au moins **6 incursions** des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nde ces groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es **dans les sites** de Katale,\nKalinga et Mater Dei. Lors de ces incursions, 6 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s accus\u00e9s de\nrefuser d\u2019effectuer des travaux de construction des huttes dans le\ncampement de ces groupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s. Ceux-ci auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9s moyennant le payement d\u2019une ran\u00e7on.\n\n- Apr\u00e8s quelques jours d\u2019accalmie, le 21 octobre 2023, diff\u00e9rents\naffrontements ont entrain\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements massifs d\u2019environ 11.432\nm\u00e9nages compos\u00e9s de 57,160 personnes retourn\u00e9es vers les bases de\nla MONUSCO et de l\u2019EAC \u00e0 Kitshanga et vers Mweso, impactant la mise\nen \u0153uvre de plusieurs interventions humanitaires dans les zones de\nMweso et Kitshanga.\n\n- Entre le 21 et 26 octobre, plusieurs incidents de protection ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s \u00e0 Kitshanga, Burungu et Rushebeshe : Au moins 10 personnes\nretourn\u00e9es auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es et 27 autres enlev\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s dans ces localit\u00e9s, selon les acteurs de protection.\nCes victimes seraient soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es de coop\u00e9rer avec d\u2019autres groupes\narm\u00e9s rivaux.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Au cours de deux premi\u00e8res semaines de la p\u00e9riode, les hostilit\u00e9s ont\nrepris entre les groupes arm\u00e9s et se sont intensifi\u00e9s, exacerbant la\nsituation humanitaire.\n\n- Dans le Sud du territoire, en groupement Bishusha, le 4 octobre, un\ngroupe arm\u00e9 s\u2019est affront\u00e9 au groupe M23 au village Kizimba. Ces\naffrontements ont entrain\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 1,421 m\u00e9nages de\n7,105 individus vers Kitshanga, Bishusha centre et Bwiza.\n\n- Les affrontements entre le M23 et des autres groupes arm\u00e9s signal\u00e9s\ndans le territoire de Masisi ont progress\u00e9 dans la partie sud-ouest du\nterritoire de Rutshuru au cours de la 2e semaine du mois.\n\n- Les affrontements simultan\u00e9s rapport\u00e9s depuis d\u00e9but octobre dans le\nterritoire de Masisi ont entrain\u00e9 des afflux de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans plusieurs\nterritoires de Rutshuru, entre autres, Bwiza centre (environ 7,500\npersonnes), Kabizo (environ 7,300 personnes), Kiseguru (5,100\npersonnes), Kiwanja (10,200 personnes).\n\n- Au Sud-Est du territoire, en milieu de mois, on note la poursuite des\naffrontements entre le M23 et une coalition de groupes arm\u00e9s aux\n\n\n\nenvirons de la cit\u00e9 de Kiwanja et dans la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, au sud-ouest du\nterritoire, des affrontements entre le M23 et d\u2019autres groupes arm\u00e9s se\nsont poursuivis dans plusieurs villages du Groupement Tongo parmi\nlesquels certains seraient pass\u00e9s sous contr\u00f4le du M23.\n\n- Le 15 octobre, des affrontements entre des \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23 et d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s sur l\u2019axe Bwiza \u00e0 Kaveni, Tabi, Kyumba\net Ngangi : 5 civils, dont 2 femmes, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par balle \u00e0 Ngangi.\nEn outre, 8 maisons auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites par des projectiles, une\nmaison aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9e, 23 maisons et 11 vaches auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es\n\u00e0 Bwiza. Environ 2,874 m\u00e9nages se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers plusieurs\nvillages.\n\n- Entre le 21 et le 26 octobre, des affrontements entre le M23 et d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans les groupements Tongo et Bambu ont entrain\u00e9 les\nd\u00e9placements d\u2019au moins 3,444 m\u00e9nages de 17,220 personnes vers\nKirumba et Kibirizi.\n\n- Le 26 octobre, les affrontements ont progress\u00e9 vers Bambu. Cette zone\nest pass\u00e9 sous contr\u00f4le du M23.\n\n\nEn fin de p\u00e9riode, des positions en groupement Bishusha que divers\ngroupes arm\u00e9s auraient prises entre le 1 [e] et le 10 octobre seraient de\nnouveau pass\u00e9es sous contr\u00f4le des \u00e9l\u00e9ments M23. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du\nM23 auraient attaqu\u00e9 simultan\u00e9ment des villages de Gashavu et Kibwe.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Au cours des deux premi\u00e8res semaines du mois, des affrontements\narm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans plusieurs villages des zones de sant\u00e9\nd\u2019O\u00efcha et de Kyondo, \u00e0 l\u2019est du territoire de Beni. Un civil a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 au\ncours des combats opposant les FARDC et un groupe arm\u00e9 dans le\nvillage de Kijeki, le 4 octobre. Au moins six autres civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s\npar des hommes arm\u00e9s le m\u00eame jour, dont un aurait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper,\ntandis que les autres seraient toujours en captivit\u00e9.\nPar ailleurs, entre le 04 et 10 octobre, deux civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et deux\nautres enlev\u00e9s au cours de plusieurs attaques d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s sur l\u2019axe\nEringeti-Kainama, et dans le village de Matakwa, dans la zone de sant\u00e9\nd\u2019O\u00efcha, selon la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile locale. A ces attaques, s\u2019ajoutent des\naffrontements entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 et les FARDC vers\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nKainama dans la m\u00eame zone, le 10 octobre. Au moins trois civils pris en\notages entre Eringeti et Kainama ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s des mains de leurs\nravisseurs \u00e0 la suite de violents combats.\n\n- De vives tensions se sont poursuivies au cours des deux derni\u00e8res\nsemaines d\u2019octobre 2023 avec des incursions dans les villages et des\nattaques d\u2019agriculteurs par des AD, d\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires contre les\nADF.\n\n- Au moins 35 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es dans des attaques arm\u00e9es au\ncours de cette p\u00e9riode, notamment dans les zones de sant\u00e9 d\u2019O\u00efcha\n(avec 32 morts) et Mutwanga. Dans la nuit du 23 au 24 octobre \u00e0 Masosi,\nenviron 1 500 personnes se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers O\u00efcha centre \u00e0 la suite\nde cette attaque.\nLes activit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques et le trafic routier ont connu de fortes\nperturbations en raison des tensions au sein de la communaut\u00e9 locale.\nPlusieurs organisations humanitaires ont d\u00fb suspendre leurs op\u00e9rations\nen raison du contexte local tr\u00e8s tendu. L\u2019aide humanitaire destin\u00e9e \u00e0 plus\nde 100 000 personnes vuln\u00e9rables a \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9e.\nLes activit\u00e9s scolaires ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendues depuis le 30\noctobre par les enseignants, en raison du d\u00e9c\u00e8s de trois des leurs et des\n\u00e9coliers dans cette attaque.\nLe 27 octobre, une attaque arm\u00e9e dans la localit\u00e9 de Kasindi, dans la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Mutwanga, a tu\u00e9 cinq personnes.\n\n\n- Il est important de signaler que depuis janvier, au moins trois attaques\ncontre les populations civiles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es \u00e0 Kasindi. Ces attaques\nont fait au moins 30 morts et plus de 35 civils bless\u00e9s [3] .\n\n- De nombreux m\u00e9nages dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d'acc\u00e9der aux champs en\nraison de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et avec la reprise des cours, le mois d\u2019octobre a\nenregistr\u00e9 une augmentation de la n\u00e9gligence et de la maltraitance des\nenfants, de l'exploitation sexuelle, de la violence domestique,\nd\u2019abandons scolaires, des vols et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements. [4]\n\n- En outre, la d\u00e9couverte le 10 octobre, de 3 engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s\nd\u00e9couverts au village Kabakwa (2) et Loselose (1) dans les champs par\ndes civils en zone de sant\u00e9 de Mutwanga, \u0153uvre des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\n\n3 RD CONGO : Intensification de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dans la province du Nord-Kivu. Rapport de\nsituation_13 novembre 2023 (OCHA)\n\n\n\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF, n\u2019a occasionn\u00e9 aucun incident majeur, mais aurait\nentrain\u00e9 la restriction de mouvements des agriculteurs dans les champs.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU**\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**
|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**VBG**|**1612**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Fizi**|465|594|210|0|39|47|**_1355_**|**_15_**|\n|**Kabambare**|0|30|1|0|7|0|**_38_**|**_0 _**|\n|**Kalehe**|636|590|554|6|57|44|**_1887_**|**_21_**|\n|**Mwenga**|443|630|547|0|55|77|**_1752_**|**_20_**|\n|**Shabunda**|464|385|390|0|30|36|**_1305_**|**_15_**|\n|**Uvira**|631|477|547|2|27|27|**_1711_**|**_19_**|\n|**Walungu**|347|275|238|0|34|7|**_901_**|**_10_**|\n|**TOTAL **|**2,986**|**2,981**|**2,487**|**8**|**249**|**238**|**_8,949_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **8,949 violations et abus** des droits humains pour **9,230**\n**victimes** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es dans les territoires (respectivement\nKalehe, Mwenga, Uvira, Fizi, Shabunda et Walungu) de la province. Une\naugmentation de **612 cas** est constat\u00e9e (soit **7** %) par rapport au mois de\nseptembre 2023 avec **8,337 cas** .\n\n\n- Il est \u00e0 noter qu\u2019en d\u00e9but de p\u00e9riode une baisse des violations a \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9e en lien avec les intenses affrontements entre deux groupes\narm\u00e9s dans le territoire de Kabambare (Mabanda, Penemwinda et\nKibenga), et entre les militaires des FARDC et un groupe arm\u00e9 dans le\nterritoire de Mwenga (Ilundu et Kalinga/secteur d\u2019Itombwe). Situation qui\nn\u2019aurait pas permis aux \u00e9quipes mobiles de protection de collecter les\nincidents de protection en temps r\u00e9el.\n\n\n4 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection du Conseil Danois pour les Ref\u00e9gi\u00e9s (DRC) DRC pour\noctobre 2023, couvrant les zones de sant\u00e9 de Beni et Mabalako\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- L\u2019augmentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale s\u2019expliquerait par les attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9titives des\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans des villages, et l\u2019occupation par les m\u00eames groupes\narm\u00e9s de certaines entit\u00e9s d\u00e9pourvues de pr\u00e9sence des forces de\nd\u00e9fense et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les forces de l\u2019EAC.\n\n\n- En octobre 2023, **3 alertes sur la pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs** ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9es par les points focaux de l\u2019action contre les mines et\npopulation locale dans les localit\u00e9s ci-apr\u00e8s : groupement de Babungwe\nsud, secteur de Ngandja en territoire de Fizi, 3 engins explosifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9s le 6 octobre dans le champ abandonn\u00e9 du chef de village\nBuzimba 2 ; dans le groupement Kabunambo dans la plaine de Ruzizi,\nTerritoire d\u2019Uvira, le 9 octobre, un jeune gar\u00e7on a trouv\u00e9 puis laiss\u00e9 sur\nun sentier une grenade \u00e0 Karima, village situ\u00e9 \u00e0 5km de Ndunda ; et\ndans le Quartier Mwemezi I de la ville de Baraka, deux enfants ont\nramass\u00e9 le lundi 16 octobre 2023 un engin explosif au bord de la rivi\u00e8re\nMukemangyi et jou\u00e9 \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du lac, heureusement l\u2019engin n\u2019a pas explos\u00e9.\nInform\u00e9 de la situation, le chef du Quartier Mwemezi aurait s\u00e9curis\u00e9\nl\u2019engin. Tous ces engins n\u2019ont pas explos\u00e9 mais constituent un risque de\nprotection pour les populations qui ont un d\u00e9ficit de connaissance sur les\nm\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention.\n\n\nLes diff\u00e9rents affrontements des militaires contre les groupes arm\u00e9s et\nd\u00e9ploiements de forces loyalistes dans cette partie de la province\njustifieraient la pr\u00e9sence r\u00e9currente des engins explosifs dans certaines\nentit\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Depuis janvier 2023, **43,366** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par ces\nviolations dont **8,912** femmes, **32,917** hommes et **1,537** enfants.\n\n\n5\nRapports hebdomadaires du 10 au 19 octobre 2023 & du 21 au 27 octobre 2023_Programme D\u2019appui\nau D\u00e9veloppement Communautaire (PADC RD Congo)\n\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- **1,887** cas de violations des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en\noctobre dans le territoire qui fait 21% des cas document\u00e9s dans les\nprovinces du Sud Kivu et du Maniema au mois d\u2019octobre.\n\n- Les cas de VBG en l\u00e9g\u00e8re augmentation (57 cas en octobre contre 54\ncas en septembre 2023) restent les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s des deux provinces. Une\nr\u00e9currence des cas d\u2019agression sexuelle dans les groupements de Bitale,\nMubugu et Ziralo a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e durant toute la p\u00e9riode sous revue avec\nplusieurs incidents qui surviendraient au cours des attaques des groupes\narm\u00e9s contre les villages de ces groupements ou sur le chemin des\nchamps.\n\n- A titre d\u2019exemple dans la nuit du 3 au 4 octobre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de deux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s auraient simultan\u00e9ment attaqu\u00e9 plusieurs localit\u00e9s du\ngroupement de Ziralo et auraient pill\u00e9 plusieurs biens dans ces villages,\net viol\u00e9 cinq femmes.\nLe 29 octobre 2023, des hommes arm\u00e9s auraient assi\u00e9g\u00e9 un village du\ngroupement de Mubugu. Ces derniers y auraient pill\u00e9 du b\u00e9tail et viol\u00e9\ncinq femmes qui retournaient de leurs champs. Les survivantes\nn\u2019auraient pas eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la prise en charge m\u00e9dicale cons\u00e9cutivement\nau manque d\u2019intrants m\u00e9dicaux dans une structure m\u00e9dicale locale.\n\n- Le groupement de Kalonge/Chifunzi n'ayant pas eu de pr\u00e9sence des\nmilitaires FARDC depuis le 16 octobre, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes et de\nleurs biens aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 quasiment assur\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments _Raiya_\n_Mutomboki._ Ces derniers auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 les auteurs d\u2019abus sur les civils,\ndont des extorsions, intimidations.\n\n\nEn pr\u00e9vision de leur d\u00e9ploiement pour Goma, lieu des hostilit\u00e9s contre le\nmouvement du M23, les factions Raiya Mutomboki seraient pass\u00e9es au\ncours de la derni\u00e8re semaine du mois dans les diff\u00e9rents march\u00e9s locaux\npour exiger la ration alimentaire, une provision pouvant leur permettre\nd'arriver \u00e0 Goma, sans rupture de stock ; il s\u2019agissait ainsi d\u2019une\n\u00ab _contribution \u00e0 l'effort de guerre_ \u00bb [5] .\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\n\n- De plus, le groupe arm\u00e9 _Nyatura_, d\u00e9sormais sous la coalition MCDPIN,\nse revendique \u00e9galement comme un _Wazalendo_ ; ils ont r\u00e9cemment\nenvoy\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments au front au Nord Kivu. Dans cette optique, le\ngroupe a \u00e9largi sa zone d'activit\u00e9, Southern Lumbishi et Numbi, dans le\nterritoire de Kalehe, qui est \u00e9galement une pr\u00e9occupation de la protection\ndes civils. La reprise des violences au Nord Kivu a un impact direct sur\nla mobilisation de Wazalendo, y compris le recrutement.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- Dans le territoire **1,711** violations et abus des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9s en octobre 2023 contre **1,913 cas** en septembre 2023.\n\n- Les attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es des groupes arm\u00e9s assorties de pillages,\nenl\u00e8vements, viols et autres violations des droits de l\u2019homme\nimpacteraient n\u00e9gativement sur la productivit\u00e9 au niveau des zones des\nHauts et Moyens Plateaux du territoire, et la Plaine de la Ruzizi, car elles\naffectent la conduite des activit\u00e9s agropastorales.\n\n- En fin de p\u00e9riode, des actes de vandalisme attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des groupes\nd\u2019autod\u00e9fense populaire auraient marqu\u00e9 l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et\nde protection de ce territoire. Ceux-ci se seraient insurg\u00e9s contre\nl\u2019autorit\u00e9 provinciale prenant d\u2019assaut certains quartiers de la ville\nd\u2019Uvira, le 25 octobre 2023. Ces hommes arm\u00e9s protesteraient contre la\ntenue d\u2019une r\u00e9union sur le lancement de travaux de construction d\u2019un\nb\u00e2timent administratif dans la ville, mais aussi les travaux de\nr\u00e9habilitation de la route nationale N\u00b0 5. Des coups de balle de\nsommation auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tir\u00e9s par ces acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques pour\nexprimer leur indignation sur ce qu\u2019ils qualifieraient de mensonge. Outre\nun civil qui aurait succomb\u00e9 de blessures, et un autre bless\u00e9, les sources\nsur place auraient renseign\u00e9 qu\u2019il y a eu paralysie des activit\u00e9s socio\u00e9conomiques dans la ville au cours de la p\u00e9riode du 26 au 28 octobre\n2023.\n\n- Par ailleurs, une attaque assortie des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement aurait \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9e \u00e0 Rubanga le 30 octobre 2023 : dix civils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s\npar des hommes arm\u00e9s et des biens emport\u00e9s, parmi les victimes cinq\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumises au transport des biens pill\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n**MWENGA**\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 une augmentation des actes de violence attribu\u00e9s aux\nhommes et factions des groupes arm\u00e9s contre des civils dans des\nvillages et dans certaines entit\u00e9s d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re.\n\n- Au moins 6 Attaques attribu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une faction d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 local ont successivement \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites \u00e0 Katela, Peluze, Bibunga,\nKakamba, Nyabalube Kooze et villages environnants au cours de la\np\u00e9riode du 02 au 18 octobre 2023. Cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces attaques, 08\nfemmes PDIs avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es sexuellement sur le chemin qui m\u00e8ne\nvers un champ, 06 hommes ont subi une bastonnade, des biens de\nm\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s syst\u00e9matiquement. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les sources\ncontact\u00e9es pr\u00e8s de 4,281 m\u00e9nages avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9s \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer.\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 des affrontements entre les militaires FARDC, et des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 du 1 au 3 octobre, \u00e0 Ilundu et Kalingi dans\nle secteur d\u2019Itombwe. Cons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 ces affrontements, 105\nm\u00e9nages se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers le village Mikenge.\n\n- Du 1 [er] au 2 octobre 2023, certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 auraient\nsuccessivement attaqu\u00e9 les villages Nyabalume, Kilamba, Pelouse et\nKashilembo. 117 m\u00e9nages se seraient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Katundu, Kigalama\net Ngando, plusieurs biens constitu\u00e9s du b\u00e9tail auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s dans\ntreize m\u00e9nages, et quatre ponts auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits par ces hommes\narm\u00e9s.\n\n- A la fin du mois, le 26 octobre 2023, de violents affrontements entre\ngroupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 Makutano, Bakura et Malingi, dans le groupement de\nBasimukindje 1 [er], auraient forc\u00e9 plus de 241 m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement\nvers Tabunde, Mikenge et dans la brousse. Par crainte d\u2019autres\naffrontements, les PDIs ne sont pas retourn\u00e9es dans leur lieu habituel de\nr\u00e9sidence. Leur pr\u00e9sence sur les lieux de d\u00e9placement laisserait\nentrevoir le risque de recours \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9gatives de survie pour\nles femmes et filles, des cas de vol dans le champ, et pourrait susciter\ndes probl\u00e8mes de cohabitation pacifique entre ces personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes et les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes.\n\n\nParall\u00e8lement, certains de ces hommes arm\u00e9s sus \u00e9voqu\u00e9s auraient\nattaqu\u00e9 la structure m\u00e9dicale de Bakura, village du groupement de\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nBasimunyaka, le 29 octobre 2023 dans le but de piller des intrants\nm\u00e9dicaux pour vraisemblablement soigner certains de leurs bless\u00e9s.\n\n\nD\u2019autres attaques similaires attribu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es \u00e0 Kalingi et Makina le 31 octobre 2023.\n\n## **PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Territoire|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|Conflits
fonciers|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**KALEMIE**|92|211|163|25|00|**491**|\n|**NYUNZU**|44|160|164|166|34|**408**|\n|**TOTAL**|**136**|**371**|**327**|**31**|**34**|**899**|\n\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9e relativement stable dans la province au\ncours de la periode sous examen notamment dans les territoires de Kongolo,\nNyunzu et Kabalo \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent bien qu\u2019une\naugmentation des incidents de protection ait \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e. En effet, **899**\nviolations et incidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en octobre, soit **509** violations en plus\npar rapport au mois de septembre 2023 avec **390** violations et abus.\n\n\nDepuis janvier, **40,279** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations dont **13,612**\nfemmes, **13,343** hommes et **13,324** enfants.\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n\nLe contexte de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection reste inchang\u00e9 sur l\u2019axe Bendera et\nses environs dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba en raison de la persistance\nde l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s principalement les Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale,\nau travers des nombreux braquages et attaques contre les civils, provoquant\ndes incidents de protection et des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s.\n\n\nA titre illustratif, le 14 octobre 2023 sur l\u2019axe Bendera, 6 marchands dont 4\nfemmes en route vers la carri\u00e8re de Kinyama, (97 Km au nord-est de\n\n\n\nKalemie) seraient tomb\u00e9s dans une embuscade des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na Pale\nqui auraient humili\u00e9 les femmes en les d\u00e9shabillant, obligeant les deux\nderniers \u00e0 les contempler pendant un long moment. Le jour suivant, les Ma\u00efMa\u00ef Apa na pale auraient fait une incursion dans le village Nsela \u00e0 81 km de\nKalemie sur l\u2019axe Bendera y ont pill\u00e9 trois boutiques et 7 m\u00e9nages, laissant\nun boutiquier bless\u00e9 par balle.\n\n\nEn outre, les villages Tundwa, Kapunda, Twikenji sur l\u2019axe Bendera auraient\nsubi respectivement les attaques des miliciens Twa les 05, 08, 11 et 13\noctobre 2023. Les assaillants auraient pill\u00e9 plusieurs biens de valeur.\n\n\nLe 14 octobre 2023, aux environs du village Kilasi, localit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e \u00e0 80 km \u00e0\nl\u2019ouest de Kalemie sur l\u2019axe Nyunzu, un groupe de 6 combattants Twa munis\nApa Na Pale, auraient tendu une embuscade \u00e0 5 motocyclistes et leurs\nclients, qui se rendaient \u00e0 Nyunzu centre. Dans la foul\u00e9e, un v\u00e9hicule, en\nsens inverse, ayant \u00e0 son bord quatre agents humanitaires, en direction de\nKalemie en provenance de Nyunzu, a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 intercept\u00e9. Les\nbourreaux ont pill\u00e9 des biens et auraient abus\u00e9 de deux femmes.\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\nGlobalement, la majeure partie de Nyunzu a \u00e9t\u00e9 calme en d\u00e9pit de quelques\nincidents isol\u00e9s ayant \u00e9maill\u00e9 la situation de protection au cours d\u2019octobre\n2023.\n\n\nDans le groupement Bangobango, l\u2019exploitation des minerais a suscit\u00e9 des\ntensions entre deux chefs coutumiers locaux se disputant la gestion des\ncarri\u00e8res mini\u00e8res et entrain\u00e9 des accrochages entre leurs partisans. Au\nmoins 12 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de coups et blessures graves pendant\nles accrochages entre les partisans de ces deux chefs \u00e0 Musebe dans la\npremi\u00e8re quinzaine d\u2019octobre.\n\n**KONGOLO**\n\nLes activit\u00e9s criminelles de miliciens Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Mala\u00efka \u00e0 Kabambare dans la\nprovince voisine du Maniema continue de forcer des milliers de personnes \u00e0\nse d\u00e9placer vers Kongolo.\n\n\nEnviron 2,635 personnes qui ont fui des affrontements ayant oppos\u00e9 deux\nfactions Mayi Mayi dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Lusangi sont arriv\u00e9es au cours\nde la premi\u00e8re quinzaine d\u2019octobre \u00e0 Mugizya, Sola et Ponda, au nord de\nKongolo. Il est \u00e0 craindre que ces personnes ne recourent \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nn\u00e9gatives de survie (prostitution, vol de r\u00e9coltes\u2026) en cas de d\u00e9placement\nprolong\u00e9 face au manque de r\u00e9ponse.\n\n\n**MANONO**\n\nDe nouvelles attaques suivies d\u2019affrontements entre FARDC et\nBakatakatanga \u00e0 Mambwe ont entrain\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes de protection le 05\noctobre 2023 : 6,000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9es de fuir leurs villages de la\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Kiambi vers Mwenge, Kayumba, et cit\u00e9 de Kiambi, 7 civils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et plusieurs autres bless\u00e9s tandis que des centaines des\nmaisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es puis incendi\u00e9es. Ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont des retourn\u00e9s de\nd\u00e9cembre 2022 apr\u00e8s avoir fui entre ao\u00fbt et septembre 2022 des\naffrontements similaires toujours \u00e0 Mambwe.\n\n## **KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations des droits|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasai**|85|169|237|222|4|**_717_**|**_58_**|\n|**Kasai**
**oriental**|20|61|66|7|7|**_161 _**|**_13_**|\n|**Kasai central**|83|110|62|60|37|**_352_**|**_29_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**188**|**340**|**365**|**289**|**48**|**_1,230_**|**100**|\n\n\n\n- Environ **1,230** **violations et abus** de protection perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es, dont 58%\ndans le Kasa\u00ef, 29% dans le Kasa\u00ef Central et 13% dans le Kasa\u00ef Oriental ;\nsoit une augmentation des violations de 30.85% dans les provinces par\nrapport au mois de septembre 2023 o\u00f9 il y avait environ 940 violations\ndans les trois Kasa\u00efs.\n\n- De janvier \u00e0 octobre 2023, **15,636** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de\nviolations dont **4,248** femmes, **7,004** hommes et **4,384** enfants.\n\n\n\n**KASAI**\n\n- **Tshikapa :** Quelques cas isol\u00e9s de vols \u00e0 mains arm\u00e9es sont signal\u00e9s\ndans les milieux p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques de la ville de Tshikapa. La poursuite de la\ntraque des hors la loi pourrait garantir une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 efficiente et totale de\nla population.\n\n- **Le territoire de Luebo** continue \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 plusieurs conflits li\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019exploitation des for\u00eats, qui occasionnent de pertes en vies humaines.\nUne implication majeure des autorit\u00e9s territoriales et provinciales s\u00b4av\u00e8re\nn\u00e9cessaire pour faire face \u00e0 la situation.\n\n- Les expulsions de migrants congolais par les autorit\u00e9s angolaises se sont\npoursuivies durant le mois d\u2019octobre sur la bande frontali\u00e8re de Kamako.\n1,183 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es durant ce mois, parmi lesquelles 23\nfilles, 22 gar\u00e7ons, 96 femmes et 1,042 hommes. Aucun cas de\nrefoulement n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9. De janvier 2023 \u00e0 nos jours, 16,271\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9es par l\u2019Angola \u00e0 travers cette fronti\u00e8re.\n\n- Un conflit ressurgit dans les limites de la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kakenge et de\nMweka, opposant les communaut\u00e9s voisines Tulembi et Mubemba autour\ndes limites champ\u00eatres. Un gar\u00e7on du village Mubemba qui \u00e9tait en train\nde revenir de Mweka vers son village natal, a \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris par un groupe\nde personnes appartenant \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 oppos\u00e9e, qui lui auraient\nadministr\u00e9 des coups et blessures avant de le lib\u00e9rer tard dans la soir\u00e9e.\nCe conflit a occasionn\u00e9 le mouvement des communaut\u00e9s de Bena\nlongo/Tulembi qui ont \u00e0 95% perdu leurs maisons et autres biens de\nvaleurs.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL**\n\n - La situation s\u00e9curitaire s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e le 31 octobre 2023 dans la ville de\nMbuji-Mayi \u00e0 la suite d\u2019incidents survenus \u00e0 la place Matshikisha, non\nloin de Mwa Luse dans la commune de la Muya. Des jeunes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s\ncomme des d\u00e9linquants ont multipli\u00e9 les agressions et actes de terreur\npour r\u00e9clamer la lib\u00e9ration de leur leader arr\u00eat\u00e9 la veille par la police. Le\nbilan fait \u00e9tat de plusieurs bless\u00e9s parmi les manifestants et un jeune\nhomme mort apr\u00e8s avoir re\u00e7u une balle perdue. La victime serait un\nproche du leader arr\u00eat\u00e9.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\n\n\nCe dernier, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme leader du groupe de \u00ab Bena Makanda \u00bb\nde Matshikisha, appellation locale de \u00ab Kuluna \u00bb, a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 le mardi 30\noctobre au lendemain d\u2019actes de violence qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 caus\u00e9s par son\ngroupe au rond-point Petrombu dans la commune de Bipemba,\nentra\u00eenant la perte de plusieurs biens appartenant \u00e0 des commer\u00e7ants et\ndes passants.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL**\n\n- R\u00e9surgence le 30 octobre 2023 dans le Territoire de DIBAYA/Mission\nCatholique Kamponde d\u2019un conflit entre deux villages : le village Tshibala\n(Groupement Kangoma, Secteur de Tshishilu) et le Village Tshikele\n(Groupement Bena-Ntolo, Secteur de Dibanda).\n\n\nLes deux villages se disputent des portions de terres agricoles et \u00e0\nl'occasion de ces affrontements, il y a eu pertes en vies humaines\n(nombre inconnu), incendies de maisons et d\u00e9placements de\npopulations. Des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pour le\nr\u00e9tablissement de l'ordre.\n\n## **PROVINCES DE KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations de droits|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Provinces**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**_Tot_**
**_al_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kwango**|23|00|00|**23**|**_13_**|\n|**Kwilu**|35|69|20|**_124_**|**_70_**|\n|**Ma\u00ef-Ndombe**|13|07|11|**_31_**|**_17_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**71**|**76**|**31**|**_178_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n\n- **178 violations et abus** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es durant le mois d\u2019octobre **[6]** :\n71 violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, 76 violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, 31 cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\nComparativement au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent durant lequel **199** violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9es, il ressort une diminution de **21 violations (10.55%).**\n\n\n6 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n- **36.70%** des violations rapport\u00e9es en octobre 2023 seraient commises\npar les FARDC et il s\u2019agit essentiellement de la violation du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\n\n- De juin (p\u00e9riode \u00e0 partir de laquelle les alertes relatives aux violations\ndes droits de l\u2019homme ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre rapport\u00e9es) \u00e0 octobre 2023 **,**\n**534** violations et abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les trois provinces. Les\nforces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense sont incrimin\u00e9es dans 111 violations\ndont **91 cas attribu\u00e9s aux FARDC** et **20 cas \u00e0 la PNC** .\nIl s\u2019agirait pour les FARDC principalement de violations du droit \u00e0 la\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 (82 cas), violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (4 cas),\nagressions sexuelles (3 cas), arrestations arbitraires/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale (2\ncas).\nS\u2019agissant de la PNC, les violations commises seraient des arrestations\narbitraires/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale (17 cas), agressions sexuelles (2), taxes\nill\u00e9gales (1).\n\n- La situation de protection dans les 3 provinces est rest\u00e9e caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e\npar la persistance des violences cons\u00e9cutives au conflit\nintercommunautaire en cours dans la r\u00e9gion et, plus particuli\u00e8rement, par\nles incursions des miliciens Yaka (mobondos) et les affrontements entre\nces derniers et les FARDC qui continuent d\u2019entrainer des mouvements\nde populations affectant aussi bien les provinces pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es que la zone\np\u00e9riph\u00e9rique de la ville de Kinshasa.\n\n\n- Plusieurs violations all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux miliciens Mobondos sont rapport\u00e9es\ndans la zone.\n\n\n- A titre illustratif, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 le mercredi 18 octobre, dans la commune\nrurale de Maluku dans la ville de Kinshasa, l\u2019enl\u00e8vement par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Mobondos de 02 femmes parties en brousse pour la\ncueillette de champignons.\n\n\n- Les forces de d\u00e9fense et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la RDC ont renforc\u00e9 leur pr\u00e9sence\ndans diverses localit\u00e9s dont celles qui sont limitrophes entre les\nprovinces de Kwilu et celle de Mai Ndombe, jadis consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 OCTOBRE 2023**\n\nbastion et porte d'entr\u00e9e des assaillants Mobondo \u00e0 partir de Kwamouth\npour le territoire de Bagata\n\n\n- Des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s, selon diverses alertes et les\ndonn\u00e9es chiffr\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es/mises \u00e0 la connaissance des\nacteurs.\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\n\n- Cet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et\ndes rapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et\ndes discussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport\ntelles que disponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s\npar des exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du\nplaidoyer et n'inclut pas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de\nla p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre\naux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend impossible la collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents\nm\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et\nam\u00e9liorer le rapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/224d6c3f-ec26-458c-b827-e99f398af80f/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_oct_2023_231129_vf_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_874/raw/doc_874_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_874/raw/doc_874_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 498c9f5ca091fa2a3bb3a31bbfb928e812c00dcd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_874/raw/doc_874_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n## APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL\n\nAu courant du mois d\u2019avril 2024, le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection du\nHCR et ses partenaires (d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur 35 territoires des provinces affect\u00e9es\npar les conflits en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo) a rapport\u00e9 environ\n**5,754** violations/abus des droits humains, dont au moins **287** homicides,\n**1,222** victimes de coups et blessures, **98** victimes de torture et traitements\ninhumains, **324** enl\u00e8vements/disparitions, **189** travaux forc\u00e9s, **384** all\u00e9gations\nviols et **112** all\u00e9gations de violations aux droits de l'enfant y compris des\nall\u00e9gations 1612. Les violations et abus rapport\u00e9s en avril 2024 concernent\n**8,293** victimes, dont **2,986** femmes, **5,146** hommes et **161** enfants.\n\n\nA part les conflits et violations des droits humains, les catastrophes\nnaturelles, notamment les inondations, ont aggrav\u00e9 la situation humanitaire\net de protection. En effet, selon les donn\u00e9es du PAM, les inondations ont\naffect\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 1,1 million de personnes et 50 000 hectares de terres\ncultivables dans toute la RDC. Le littoral du Lac Tanganyika (Sud Kivu,\nTanganyika), le Haut Lomami et Tshopo sont les zones les plus affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nSur une note positive :\n\n\n- Un accord de paix a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 le 7 avril 2024 \u00e0 la cit\u00e9 de l\u2019Union Africaine\nautour du Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, par les autorit\u00e9s coutumi\u00e8res du\n**Kwango, Kwilu, Ma\u00ef-Ndombe, Kongo central** et une partie de la ville de\n**Kinshasa** . Ceci donne certes des signaux forts mais un regain de tension\npersiste dans certaines zones, \u00e0 l\u2019exemple de la commune rurale de Maluku,\nles territoires de Popokabaka, Kenge, Kwamouth, Bagata.\n\n\n- Dans la province d\u2019 **Ituri,** il est rapport\u00e9 la signature, le 19 avril 2024, d\u2019un\nnouvel acte d\u2019engagement par les groupes arm\u00e9s Za\u00efre, Union des\nR\u00e9volutionnaires pour la D\u00e9fense du Peuple Congolais de la Coop\u00e9rative\npour le D\u00e9veloppement du Congo (CODECO/URPDC), Force de r\u00e9sistance\npatriotique de l'Ituri (FRPI), Front patriotique et int\u00e9grationniste du Congo\n(FPIC) et Mouvement d'auto-d\u00e9fense populaire de l'Ituri (MAPI) lors d\u2019une\n\n\n1 [https://news.un.org/fr/story/2024/05/1145241](https://news.un.org/fr/story/2024/05/1145241)\n2 [https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/inter-agency-standing-committee/statement-principals-](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/inter-agency-standing-committee/statement-principals-inter-agency-standing-committee-democratic-republic-congo-crushing-levels)\n[inter-agency-standing-committee-democratic-republic-congo-crushing-levels](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/inter-agency-standing-committee/statement-principals-inter-agency-standing-committee-democratic-republic-congo-crushing-levels)\n\n\n\nassise tenue par le vice premier, ministre de la D\u00e9fense dans la ville de Bunia\npour un dialogue intercommunautaire en vue d\u2019une paix durable dans la\nprovince. Toutefois, le mois a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9maill\u00e9 d\u2019attaques et incursions de la part\nde ces groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n\nDans le cadre de son retrait progressif de l'Est du pays, la mission de\nmaintien de la paix des Nations Unies (MONUSCO) en RDC a mis fin le mardi\n30 avril 2024 \u00e0 ses op\u00e9rations dans la province du Sud-Kivu. [1]\n\n\nFace aux conflits qui s\u00e9vissent dans l'Est du pays, les Principaux du Comit\u00e9\nPermanent Inter-organisations (IASC) ont fait une d\u00e9claration commune le\n30 avril, \u00e0 travers laquelle ils ont mis en garde contre l'escalade du conflit qui\nentra\u00eene des niveaux records de violence sexuelle, de d\u00e9placements et de\nfaim dans cette partie du pays. Selon eux, sans une action internationale\nurgente et une mobilisation de ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires, la situation\npourrait pousser la RDC au bord de la catastrophe. [2]\n\n\nDans ce contexte caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une situation de protection tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9caire\npour les personnes affect\u00e9es, les acteurs humanitaires essaient d\u2019apporter\nla r\u00e9ponse dans la limite des financements disponibles et des possibilit\u00e9s\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s. Ci-dessous, un aper\u00e7u de la r\u00e9ponse protection pour le premier\ntrimestre 2024. [3]\n\n\n3 Pour plus de details: [https://humanitarianaction.info/plan/1187/ge/7442#page-title](https://humanitarianaction.info/plan/1187/ge/7442#page-title)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n## PROVINCES DE L\u2019ITURI ET DU HAUT UELE (Faradje) RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n\n\n\n- Renforcer les plaidoyers pour des assistances humanitaires en faveur\ndes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (PDIs) afin de limiter leurs mouvements vers\nles zones \u00e0 haut risques \u00e0 la recherche de vivres ( _COHPs, ICN_ ).\n\n\n- Appuyer les initiatives de paix en cours notamment dans l\u2019Ituri et\nprovinces affect\u00e9es par la crise Ma\u00ef-Ndombe) et renforcer les activit\u00e9s\nde cohabitation pacifique dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les conflits\n( _Gouvernement et acteurs humanitaires_ ).\n\n\n- Prendre les mesures s\u00e9curitaires le plus rapidement possible afin de\npromouvoir et faire respecter le caract\u00e8re civil et humanitaire des sites\nde d\u00e9plac\u00e9s conform\u00e9ment aux dispositions de la Convention de\nKampala de 2009, en prot\u00e9geant ces lieux contre l\u2019infiltration des\ngroupes ou \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s, en y limitant la circulation des militaires et\nautres forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en y emp\u00eachant la circulation des armes, en\norganisant des sessions de sensibilisation des acteurs arm\u00e9s sur le\ncaract\u00e8re civil des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, et en investiguant sur les actes de\nviolation du caract\u00e8re civil des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ( _Autorit\u00e9s provinciales_\n_du Nord Kivu_ ).\n\n\n- Mener un plaidoyer pour le renforcement de la protection des civils, les\nm\u00e9canismes de suivi de la situation de protection et la consolidation des\nacquis dans la Province du Sud Kivu, notamment en lien avec le retrait\nde la MONUSCO ( _Cluster Protection_ )\n\n\n- Plaidoyer pour l\u2019approvisionnement en Kits PEP des centres de sant\u00e9 de\nRugezi et Mukera qui sont en rupture d\u2019intrants depuis trois mois ( _Cluster_\n_Protection/Domaine de responsabilit\u00e9 VBG_ )\n\n\n4 SAR - Syst\u00e8me d'Analyses et R\u00e9ponses_UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits en avril 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**



|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|
**VBG**|**Violations**
**graves**
**des droits**
**de l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**Total**|**% **|\n|**Aru**|7|18|1|20|0|**46**|**2.79**|\n|**Djugu**|155|266|158|30|3|**612**|**37.09**|\n|**Faradje**|9|34|0|8|0|**52**|**3.15**|\n|**Irumu**|39|205|187|44|4|**479**|**29.03**|\n|**Mahagi**|16|252|54|56|2|**380**|**23.03**|\n|**Mambasa**|28|19|32|0|2|**81**|**4.91**|\n|**TOTAL**|**254**|**794**|**432**|**158**|**11**|**1.650**|**100**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection_ _[4]_ _en Ituri_\n\n- Avec **1,650 incidents de protection** concernant **2,905 victimes** en avril,\nl\u2019on constate au cours de ce mois une baisse des violations et abus des\ndroits de l\u2019homme de plus de 8% par rapport au mois de mars (1.803\ncas). Cette baisse concerne les territoires de Djugu, Irumu, Mambasa\navec le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui demeure celui qui compte le plus\nd\u2019incidents notamment \u00e0 Djugu, Mahagi, Irumu suivi du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique.\n\n\n- La majorit\u00e9 des abus des droits de l\u2019homme (37%) auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s\npar des groupes arm\u00e9s CODECO/URPDC suivi des FRPI (environ 10%)\net Za\u00efre (6%). Les FARDC et les PNC auraient commis respectivement\n9% et 6% des abus et violations r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s en avril 2024.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DJUGU**\n\n\n# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n**IRUMU**\n\n\n\n\n- Les combattants CODECO/URDPC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de 2\nattaques simultan\u00e9es les 6 et 8 avril dans les localit\u00e9s Galayi et Matalala\nsitu\u00e9es dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu.\n\n\nAu cours de ces attaques, ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 27 homicides de\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es, 5 cas de coups et blessures, 20 enl\u00e8vements et\nplusieurs actes de pillage des vivres et non vivres ainsi que de\nmarchandises dans plusieurs commerces.\n\n\n- Profitant d\u2019une faible couverture s\u00e9curitaire cons\u00e9cutive aux attaques\npr\u00e9cit\u00e9es, les combattants de la CODECO/URDPC auraient intensifi\u00e9 la\nconstruction et/ou la r\u00e9habilitation de leurs camps dans plusieurs\nlocalit\u00e9s de ce territoire o\u00f9 des civils \u00e9taient soumis aux travaux forc\u00e9s.\nIls auraient aussi renforc\u00e9 leur effectif dans certaines localit\u00e9s telles que\nTsoro, Gokpa et Masikini provoquant de nouveaux d\u00e9placements des\npopulations.\n\n\n- En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux besoins primaires a \u00e9t\u00e9 difficile notamment pour\nles populations de Drodro, Largu, Blukwa, Fataki et Bule constitu\u00e9es\nmajoritairement de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Drodro, les mouvements des populations vers\nles champs \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de la pr\u00e9sence des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\ncombattants de la CODECO/URDPC qui d\u00e9truisaient les cultures dans\nles champs.\n\n\n- En fin de p\u00e9riode, une accalmie relative a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e ; ce qui a permis\nun retour timide d\u2019acteurs humanitaires sp\u00e9cifiquement dans la Zone de\nSant\u00e9 de Drodro o\u00f9 il n\u2019y avait pas d\u2019acc\u00e8s depuis les attaques du 16\nf\u00e9vrier 2024. En d\u00e9pit de cette accalmie, il convient de noter que des cas\nsporadiques des violations par certains de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s\ncontinuent \u00e0 \u00eatre signal\u00e9s dans cette zone.\n\n\n\n\n- De multiples violations des droits humains tels que des homicides, coups\net blessures, pillages, extorsions des biens et enl\u00e8vements commis par\ndes combattants ADF sur les civils en mouvements pendulaires vers\nleurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine \u00e0 la recherche des vivres d\u2019une part et d\u2019autre\npart par des combattants des FPRI ou de la CODECO/URDPC lors des\ndiff\u00e9rentes incursions ou embuscades men\u00e9es dans ce territoire.\n\n\n- Dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Komanda, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 07 homicides d\u2019un cas des coups et blessures le\n13 avril dans la localit\u00e9 de Ndalya. Ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsable des\nhomicides de 2 enfants pygm\u00e9es dans le groupement Bandavilememba\nle 19 avril 2024 et auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables d\u2019un autre\nhomicide le m\u00eame jour dans la localit\u00e9 de Matchongani.\n\n\n- En outre, une incursion des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants de la\nCODECO/URDPC dans le village Genyi situ\u00e9 dans la Zone de Sant\u00e9 de\nTchomia le 16 avril aurait caus\u00e9 2 homicides.\n\n\n- Des cas de violations du caract\u00e8re civil et militaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans\nla ville de Bunia plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans le village Tsere o\u00f9 une nouvelle\nunit\u00e9 de recrues FARDC d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans le village depuis le mois de\nmars serait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans le site des PDIs de Tsere.\n\n\n- Le 18 avril dernier, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables des\nactes de pillage cibl\u00e9s dans les m\u00e9nages ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9, la veille, d\u2019une\nassistance en cash dans le cadre du projet solutions durables. Ces\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments auraient \u00e9galement emport\u00e9 d\u2019autres biens de valeur et\ncertains documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 appartenant aux PDIs.\n\n\n**MAHAGI**\n\n- Les vides s\u00e9curitaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res avec le\nterritoire de Djugu favorisent la libre circulation des combattants de la\nCODECO/URDPC qui sont auteurs des violations dans le territoire de\nMahagi. Cette situation touche particuli\u00e8rement les localit\u00e9s des\ngroupements Are et Musongwa en Zone de Sant\u00e9 d\u2019Angumu ainsi que\ntoutes les localit\u00e9s du groupement des Ang\u2019hal II en Zone de sant\u00e9\nd\u2019Aungba o\u00f9 les hommes arm\u00e9s de la CODECO et Za\u00efre circulent aussi\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\nlibrement. En raison de la faible couverture s\u00e9curitaire, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\narm\u00e9s de la CODECO/URDPC sp\u00e9cifiquement dans les zones de sant\u00e9\nde Kambala, Aungba, Rimba et Logo o\u00f9 ils commettraient plusieurs\nviolations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civils.\n\n\n- Les mouvements pendulaires des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 la recherche des vivres et\nle retour de ces derniers dans leurs zones d\u2019origines sont tr\u00e8s difficiles.\n\n\n**ARU & FARADJE**\n\n\n- Dans ces deux territoires dans lesquels **98 incidents** de protection ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au mois d\u2019avril, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des FARDC et de la PNC\nseraient toujours cit\u00e9s comme des principaux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s auteurs des\narrestations et extorsions des biens des civils. Plusieurs barri\u00e8res sont\n\u00e9rig\u00e9es sur les diff\u00e9rents axes conduisant vers les march\u00e9s o\u00f9 les\nusagers sont oblig\u00e9s de d\u00e9bourser de l\u2019argent \u00e0 chaque barri\u00e8re.\n\n\n- Au cours de la derni\u00e8re semaine du mois d\u2019avril, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nFARDC et de la PNC seraient \u00e9galement auteurs de d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales,\ncoups et blessures sur des civils aux diff\u00e9rents points de contr\u00f4le menant\nvers les centres d\u2019Ariwara, Meri, Bele, PK-18km, d\u2019Ariwara, Vis \u00e0 Vis et\nAyamba o\u00f9 les civils se rendent pour s\u2019approvisionner en besoin de\npremi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s.\n\n\n5 Rapports hebdomadaires du Monitoring de Protection_Avril 2024_INTERSOS et UNHCR\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU [5]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Violations et abus de droits en avril 2024|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**





|**Droit**
**\u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**


|**Droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**


|**VBG**





|**Violations**
**graves**
**des droits**
**de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612)**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Lubero**|35|40|37|5|1|**_118_**|**_9 _**|\n|**Masisi**|96|61|87|110|25|**_379_**|**_28_**|\n|**Nyiragongo**|33|35|60|50|2|**_177_**|**_13_**|\n|**O\u00efcha**|104|137|85|9|8|**_317_**|**_24_**|\n|**Rutshuru**|34|46|103|30|30|**_268_**|**_20_**|\n|**Goma**|18|18|38|16|6|**_82_**|**_6 _**|\n|**TOTAL**|**302**|**337**|**410**|**220**|**72**|**_1,341_**|**_100_**|\n\n\n_Tableau pr\u00e9sentant les tendances de violations et abus des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de_\n_protection dans le Nord Kivu_\n\n- Dans le **Petit Nord Kivu**, la poursuite des affrontements y compris avec\nl\u2019usage d\u2019armes lourdes entre le M23 et les coalitions des groupes arm\u00e9s\nainsi que les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\n(FARDC) dans les territoires de Masisi et de Rutshuru a augment\u00e9 le\nnombre de victimes civiles. Le non-respect du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es a augment\u00e9 le nombre\nd\u2019incidents arm\u00e9s ainsi que des violations et abus \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Dans le **Grand Nord Kivu**, on note l\u2019augmentation des incursions et\nembuscades de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF contre les populations locales,\nnotamment des agriculteurs y inclus en ville de Beni, ainsi que la\npoursuite d\u2019abus lors du recouvrement de taxes ill\u00e9gales.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Environ **1,341 violations et abus** des droits humains concernant **1,814**\n**victimes** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par le monitoring de protection\nprincipalement dans les territoires de Masisi, Beni, Rutshuru et\nNyiragongo en avril 2024.\n\n\n- Il apparait que le droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et blessures,\nhomicides, tortures/traitements inhumains) est celui qui a le plus fait\nl\u2019objet de violations ou d\u2019atteintes dans la province. A la suite de ce droit,\non peut citer le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (extorsions, pillages), puis le droit \u00e0 la\nlibert\u00e9 (enl\u00e8vements, travaux forc\u00e9s, arrestation arbitraire) qui sont\n\u00e9galement les plus enfreints.\n\n\n- Environ 45% des victimes sont des retourn\u00e9s et 31 % sont des PDIs.\n\n\n**BENI**\n\n- Des attaques sur les quartiers p\u00e9riurbains de la ville de Beni et des\nembuscades ADF en zone de sant\u00e9 d\u2019Oicha se sont poursuivies et ont\nentrain\u00e9 des meurtres de civils.\n\n\n- Des attaques ADF auraient tu\u00e9 au moins 19 personnes entre le 12 et le\n17 avril dans des quartiers p\u00e9riurbains de la ville et dans les champs,\nprivant ainsi de nombreux m\u00e9nages de la ville d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 leurs champs\nsur instruction des autorit\u00e9s politico administratives et militaires ; en\nattendant une accalmie de la situation.\n\n\n- D\u2019autres incursions ADF ont eu lieu les 27 et 28 avril, respectivement au\nvillage Kasopo (groupement Batangi-Mbau) avec 3 hommes retourn\u00e9s\ntu\u00e9s, et dans le quartier de Linza (commun de Mangina) qui s\u2019est sold\u00e9e\npar des homicides, enl\u00e8vements et pillages et \u00e0 l\u2019issue de laquelle 612\nm\u00e9nages de diff\u00e9rents quartiers de Mangina se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers des\nfamilles d\u2019accueil \u00e0 Kasithu, Kyanzaba, Kalibo.\n\n\n- Des attaques semblent cibler les agriculteurs et les populations\nvuln\u00e9rables particuli\u00e8rement dans leurs champs et dans leurs maisons.\n\n\n- Cette persistance de la violence compromet l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans le\nterritoire, notamment dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mabalako et aussi dans\nla p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Beni ville. Le 2 avril 2024, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF auront\nmen\u00e9 une incursion au quartier Mangodomu, dans la commune de\nMangina. Au moins 10 civils, dont 2 enfants, auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par\nmachettes et balles. Une structure sanitaire aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9e et incendi\u00e9e,\n\n\n\n6 motos appartenant au personnel soignant auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es et\nau moins 12 maisons et 7 boutiques auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9es.\n\n\nLe trafic sur l\u2019axe Makeke (Ituri) - Beni/ville via Mangina a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu.\nLes activit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques, humanitaires et sanitaires dans la zone\nont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9es. Environ 998 m\u00e9nages de retourn\u00e9s et PDIs\nse sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers Kyatsaba, Bingo, Nogera et les quartiers de l\u2019ouest\nde la ville de Beni.\n\n\n**LUBERO**\n\n- Des cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsions des biens, et de coups et blessures\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 pour retard de paiement\ndes taxes ill\u00e9gales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es. La plupart des victimes seraient des\nPDIs.\n\n\n- A titre d\u2019illustration, le 30 avril, 7 hommes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s au village\nBingi, au groupement Musindi par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s lors de\nrecouvrement d\u2019une taxe ill\u00e9gale. Ces personnes sont rest\u00e9es en\ncaptivit\u00e9 et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s r\u00e9clament une ran\u00e7on de 100,000 CF par\npersonne pour leur lib\u00e9ration.\n\n\n- Des cas VBG ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans les zones sous contr\u00f4le\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s, particuli\u00e8rement dans la zone de Musindi.\n\n\n**MASISI**\n\n- Des affrontements se poursuivent dans les environs de Sake et\nBweremana.\n\n\n- L\u2019uniformisation des prix des produits agricoles dans les zones de Masisi\net Rutshuru est impos\u00e9 par un groupe arm\u00e9 avec des repr\u00e9sailles graves\nen cas de non-respect des prix.\n\n\n- Les tirs d\u2019artillerie des collines surplombant Sake et Shasha ont entrain\u00e9\nl\u2019explosion d\u2019au moins 20 obus dans les zones habit\u00e9es de Sake,\nMubambiro et les environs de Goma dans la premi\u00e8re partie du mois ;\nl\u2019utilisation d\u2019armes lourdes a entrain\u00e9 des victimes civiles et des\ndestructions dans les zones habit\u00e9es de Sake, Mubambiro et les\nenvirons de Goma.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, entre le 12 et le 18 avril, au moins 8 projectiles\nd\u2019artillerie en provenance des zones de combats seraient tomb\u00e9s \u00e0 Sake\net \u00e0 Mubambiro causant au moins 7 homicides ainsi que la destruction\nde 12 habitations. Entre le 5 et le 18 avril, on d\u00e9nombre ainsi environ 28\nprojectiles.\n\n\n- Au centre de Masisi, des groupes arm\u00e9s continuent de violer le caract\u00e8re\ncivil et humanitaire des sites de PDIs. Entre 26 et 29 avril, au moins 13\nincursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s APCLS et Nyatura Abazungu ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es dans les sites Mater Dei, Kalinga et Bihito. Lors de ces\nincursions, 11 hommes PDIs auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et 7 autres bless\u00e9s.\nLes victimes des enl\u00e8vements auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es apr\u00e8s paiement\nd\u2019une ran\u00e7on.\n\n- Au centre de Masisi, la persistance des affrontements emp\u00eache l\u2019acc\u00e8s\nhumanitaire dans cette zone qui h\u00e9berge plusieurs d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentant\ndes besoins urgents en vivres, AME et abris. L\u2019absence d\u2019assistance\ndans la zone incite des PDIs au retour dans des conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\net dignit\u00e9 non remplies.\n\n\nIl a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 la suspension d\u2019activit\u00e9s de plusieurs organisations en raison\nde l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Avant leur d\u00e9placement, plusieurs partenaires avaient\nassist\u00e9 ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, notamment en vivres, soins de sant\u00e9, eau,\nhygi\u00e8ne, assainissement et protection mais la situation des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s demeure difficile.\n\n\nEn effet, entre le 12 et 18 avril, environ 1 168 m\u00e9nages seraient retourn\u00e9s\ndans leurs villages d\u2019origine o\u00f9 la situation s\u00e9curitaire demeure fragile\navec un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de nouveaux affrontements.\n\n\n- La moiti\u00e9 des cas VBG enregistr\u00e9s dans la province au cours de la\np\u00e9riode sous revue sont dans ce territoire, et se produisent\nessentiellement dans les zones d\u2019accueil et lors des mouvements\npendulaires. C\u2019est ainsi le cas de Kashenda et Rufuta au groupement\nMupfunyi Shanga et dans le groupement Bapfuna o\u00f9 au moins 9 femmes\nauraient rapport\u00e9 des cas de viol par des acteurs arm\u00e9s le 1 [er] et 2 avril.\n\n\n**RUTSHURU**\n\n- Dans les zones en conflit, des civils continuent d\u2019\u00eatre assimil\u00e9s aux\ncombattants des groupes arm\u00e9s et subissent des repr\u00e9sailles. Des\npersonnes retourn\u00e9es et des civils qui font des mouvements vers le Parc\n\n\n\nNational des Virunga pour la recherche des ressources sont\nparticuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables, car elles seraient assimil\u00e9es aux\ncombattants de groupes rivaux. Au moins 7 retourn\u00e9s auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 en groupement Rugari, le 10 avril.\n\n\n- Dans le groupement Mutanda, une taxe ill\u00e9gale instaur\u00e9e par un groupe\narm\u00e9 en vue d\u2019appuyer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019autod\u00e9fense install\u00e9s dans les\nzones sous contr\u00f4le serait \u00e0 la base de nombreux abus des droits\nhumains. A titre illustratif, 8 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de PDIs pour retard de\npaiement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s le 13 avril 2024.d\u2019\n\n\nLe 14 avril, des repr\u00e9sailles contre des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe\narm\u00e9 \u00ab adverse \u00bb auraient entrain\u00e9 plusieurs cas de VBG, le pillage\nsyst\u00e9matique des m\u00e9nages dont le nombre serait estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 63\nainsi que d\u2019une dizaine de commerces.\n\n\nLe 15 avril, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s auraient fait une incursion \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Kibirizi \u00e0 la recherche des \u00e9l\u00e9ments bless\u00e9s d\u2019un groupe rival.\nL\u2019incident aurait entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 189 m\u00e9nages\nretourn\u00e9s vers des familles d\u2019accueil dans les villages Kirima et la cit\u00e9 de\nKanyabayonga.\n\n\n- Des affrontements arm\u00e9s entre 2 groupes arm\u00e9s rivaux auraient\noccasionn\u00e9 3 homicides, 2 cas de coups et blessures et 21 enl\u00e8vements\ndans le groupement Mutanda le 15 avril ainsi que 2 homicides le m\u00eame\njour dans les villages Kitereko et Mutakato.\n\n\n- Le 26 et 27 avril, on note des affrontements entre le M23, d\u2019autres\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et des FARDC \u00e0 Kibirizi et Kyasenda (groupement\nMutanda). Lors de l\u2019utilisation des armes lourdes, au moins 3 civils\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par des obus \u00e0 Kibirizi. 2 salles de classe de l\u2019\u00e9cole\nprimaire de Lutehe auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites.\n\n\n**NYIRAGONGO et GOMA**\n\n- La prolif\u00e9ration des acteurs arm\u00e9s dans les zones de Sake, Goma et\nNyiragongo continue d\u2019\u00eatre un risque majeur pour la protection des PDIs\net des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, occasionnant la perp\u00e9tration de nombreux\nabus des droits humains.\n\n\nDe nombreux cas d\u2019homicides ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s, la plupart auraient \u00e9t\u00e9\ncommis dans le contexte de r\u00e9sistances aux extorsions, de r\u00e8glements\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\nde compte ou d\u2019enl\u00e8vements. On note \u00e9galement des violations VBG\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9es lors des mouvements des PDIs entre les zones d\u2019accueil et\nSake ou le Parc National des Virunga pour la recherche de ressources\net bois de chauffage.\n\n\nPlusieurs actes de criminalit\u00e9 et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de civils, y compris\nd'enfants, sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des membres de groupes arm\u00e9s qui seraient\naper\u00e7us circulant librement dans la ville, notamment dans les quartiers\npopulaires de Keshero, Ndosho, Mugunga et Majengo, au nord-est de la\nville de Goma.\n\n\nA Nyiragongo, le 11 avril, en groupement Kibati, pour des raisons\ninconnues, 2 civils dont un PDI auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9capit\u00e9s dans le champ aux\nenvirons du village Buhama par des hommes arm\u00e9s non encore\nidentifi\u00e9s.\n\n\n- On note \u00e9galement la poursuite de violations du caract\u00e8re civil et\nhumanitaire des sites.\nLes 2 et 3 avril, respectivement dans les sites de Mudja et Rusayo 1, des\n\u00e9changes des tirs ont eu lieu entre acteurs arm\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des sites\ndes PDIs tuant 1 personne (Rusayo 1) et en blessant deux \u00e0 Mudja et\nRusayo 1. En fin de p\u00e9riode, le 26 avril, un homme d\u00e9plac\u00e9 aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9\ndans le site Kishishe par des hommes arm\u00e9s. Le 30 avril, un homme PDI\naurait \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 dans son abris par des hommes dans un site (Modere),\ndans le village Kaguri, au groupement Kibati.\n\n\n6 Rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation sectorielle Protection, Logement Terre et Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et Education/ Zones de\nsant\u00e9 Kalehe et Minova, Territoire de Kalehe au Sud-Kivu_ Avril 2024_TPO, APC, Cluster Protection\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus des droits_Avril 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**libert\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Droit \u00e0 la**
**vie et**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**Confits**
**fonciers**|**VBG**|**Violaton**
**s graves**
**des**
**droits de**
**l\u2019enfant**
**(r\u00e9s.**
**1612) **|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Fizi**|15|29|35|0|18|2|**_99_**|**_21.47_**|\n|**Kalehe**|36|79|60|0|16|27|**_218_**|**_47.29_**|\n|**Uvira**|36|36|41|1|30|0|**_144_**|**_31.24_**|\n|**TOTAL **|**87**|**144**|**136**|**1 **|**64**|**29**|**_461_**|**_100_**|\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9valuation sectorielle [6] faite par les partenaires TPO, APD en collaboration\navec le cluster protection dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de Kalehe et Minova met\nen \u00e9vidence qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 des cas d\u2019arrestations arbitraires et\nd\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales de certains PDIs, des recrutements d\u2019enfants par\ncertaines factions arm\u00e9es dites Wazalendo, des cas pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s de viol des\nfemmes et filles, coups et blessures, meurtres, enl\u00e8vements sur le chemin\nde retour (en provenance de Masisi), de vols et extorsions.\n\nLes territoires d\u2019Uvira et de Fizi ainsi que les villes d\u2019Uvira et Baraka ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 des inondations cons\u00e9cutives \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des eaux du lac\nTanganyika, les pluies torrentielles et les crues des rivi\u00e8res telles que\nKalimabenge. L\u2019ONG Vision d\u2019Espoir et D\u00e9veloppement Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 des\nPersonnes (VEDIP) a effectu\u00e9 une mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation du 21 au 27 avril\ndans le but de pr\u00e9senter aux diff\u00e9rents acteurs une situation document\u00e9e des\nsinistres caus\u00e9s par les eaux du lac Tanganyika et estimer les besoins\nhumanitaires dans les zones affect\u00e9es. [7] Ces inondations ont eu des\ncons\u00e9quences graves sur le plan humanitaire (destructions de maisons,\n\u00e9coles, centres de sant\u00e9, institutions d\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et\nuniversitaire) et ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des d\u00e9placements de personnes.\n\n\n7 Rapport de la mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation des inondations dans les zones inond\u00e9es d\u2019Uvira, Baraka et Fizi en\nprovince du Sud-Kivu du 20 au 27 avril 2024 par VEDIP\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\n**KALEHE**\n\n- La situation de protection dans le territoire de Kalehe a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par\nla sur **militarisation de la zone**, des mouvements incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s d\u2019hommes\narm\u00e9s ainsi que la **proximit\u00e9 des sites de PDIs par rapport aux zones**\n**de combat**, favorisant ainsi la perp\u00e9tration des abus et violations des\ndroits humains.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 11 et le 13 avril, 08 cas de VBG all\u00e9gu\u00e9s (toutes\ndes PDIs) aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019une milice arm\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s\ndans la zone frontali\u00e8re avec le territoire de Masisi.\n\n\nEn outre, le 15 avril 2024, des bombes en provenance des zones de\ncombat auraient caus\u00e9 un cas de blessures graves et plusieurs champs\nendommag\u00e9s \u00e0 Katiyaze.\n\n\n- Dans les groupements de Mubugu, Ziralo et Kalonge, un acteur arm\u00e9\nserait en train de mener une campagne pour le recrutement des\ncombattants y compris des enfants depuis quelques semaines. Ceux-ci\nauraient recrut\u00e9 3 enfants dans le village de Ramba le 16 avril. Plusieurs\nenfants de ces zones courent un grand risque d\u2019enr\u00f4lement.\n\n\n- Les sources locales ont \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 **l\u2019attaque du centre**\n**collectif** des PDIs de Budondo (groupement Buzi) le 18 avril avec pour\nbut de forcer le comit\u00e9 des PDIs \u00e0 enregistrer certains de ces hommes\narm\u00e9s et leurs d\u00e9pendants sur des listes de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019une\nassistance humanitaire en cours de distribution.\n\n- Apr\u00e8s le retrait de la MONUSCO des zones de sant\u00e9 de Bunyakiri et\nKalonge le 18 avril 2024, les populations sont pr\u00e9occup\u00e9es par la mont\u00e9e\nde la violence dans la zone au vu de la sensibilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire marqu\u00e9e\npar des attaques et affrontements entre groupes arm\u00e9s locaux (Mai Mai,\nNyatura, Raiya Mutomboki). La base est certes d\u00e9sormais sous le\ncontr\u00f4le des FARDC mais ceux-ci sont en nombre insuffisant, et des\nattaques de groupes armes sont \u00e0 craindre pour prendre non seulement\nla possession de la base mais aussi des biens mat\u00e9riels laiss\u00e9s par\nl\u2019institution onusienne.\n\n\nPour rappel, plusieurs attaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0 la charge des groupes\narm\u00e9s dans des villages proches de ladite base, portant atteinte au droit\n\u00e0 la libert\u00e9, au droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et au droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique. Ces\n\n\n\nincidents ont de l\u2019incidence sur la mobilit\u00e9 des civils en particulier les\nfemmes vers les champs, march\u00e9s et autres espaces vitaux. Ils auraient\naussi un impact sur la coh\u00e9sion sociale des communaut\u00e9s locales y\ncompris les peuples autochtones, longtemps d\u00e9chir\u00e9s par le conflit\nidentitaire mais aussi foncier (acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre).\n\n\n**FIZI**\n\n- Les localit\u00e9s de Lubomo, Mwayenga, Kivundji situ\u00e9s dans le groupement\nde Babwari seraient sous le contr\u00f4le effectif de groupes arm\u00e9s, causant\ndes abus des droits humains.\n\n\nEn effet, le 13 avril 2024, des affrontements entre deux groupes arm\u00e9s\ndans le village Lubomo auraient occasionn\u00e9 3 cas de blessures graves\net entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de 97 m\u00e9nages vers la brousse.\n\n\n- Depuis plus de deux mois, la pr\u00e9sence permanente d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de deux\ngroupes arm\u00e9s dans plusieurs villages des Moyens Plateaux de Fizi,\ndans le groupement de Basimukuma-Sud a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e ; ils seraient\nint\u00e9ress\u00e9s par des sites miniers et seraient auteurs de divers abus aux\ndroits humains (viols, extorsions et pillages des biens, travaux forc\u00e9s\nenl\u00e8vements) commis sur des populations civiles. Il n\u2019y aurait aucune\npr\u00e9sence des forces de l\u2019ordre et de d\u00e9fense dans cette zone.\n\n\n- Il est \u00e0 noter **l\u2019absence de prise en charge m\u00e9dicale** pour des victimes\nde viol, au sein de la structure m\u00e9dicale de Rugezi depuis trois mois. A\ntitre d\u2019exemple, le 27 avril, deux femmes PDIs retourn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9es\ndans leurs champs \u00e0 Rugezi, par certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9s.\nElles auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 orient\u00e9es vers une structure m\u00e9dicale de Rugezi pour\ndes soins o\u00f9 malheureusement elles n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7ues \u00e0 la suite de\nla rupture d\u2019intrants. R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es au centre de sant\u00e9 de Fizi-centre, elles ne\ns\u2019y sont pas rendues faute de moyen de transport.\n\n\n**UVIRA**\n\n- On note de nouvelles alliances entre groupes arm\u00e9s locaux et \u00e9trangers\n(Gumino, Twigwaneho, Red Tabara, Zabampema d\u2019une part et les FDLR\net Mai Mai Rushaba) \u00e0 Kahololo et Kitoga. Ces alliances impactent la\nmobilit\u00e9 des populations civiles vers les march\u00e9s et les autres espaces\nvitaux. La crainte des affrontements entre ces groupes p\u00e8se \u00e9galement\ndans la zone avec des probables tensions entre communaut\u00e9s locales\napparent\u00e9es \u00e0 ces groupes.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Des hommes en arme sont auteurs de plusieurs cas d\u2019abus sexuels et\nenl\u00e8vements dans les entit\u00e9s de Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira. Ils ciblent\nsp\u00e9cifiquement des espaces tels que les points d\u2019eau, les champs, les\np\u00e2turages et les for\u00eats ou ils sont auteurs des plusieurs cas d\u2019abus\nsexuels et enl\u00e8vements [8] .\n\n\nCons\u00e9cutivement \u00e0 une attaque perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s (Mai Mai\nBuhirwa) \u00e0 Nakaguru le 19 avril 2024, cinq femmes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9es\nsexuellement. Celles-ci auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9es pendant qu\u2019elles\nretournaient du march\u00e9 de Nyamutiri. Ces m\u00eames miliciens auraient\naussi abus\u00e9 de trois autres femmes le 21 avril 2024 dans la for\u00eat de\nLubarika. Toutes les survivantes auraient acc\u00e9d\u00e9 aux soins dans le d\u00e9lai\nrequis de 72 heures.\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus de droits humains en avril 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0 la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**Total**|\n|**KALEMIE**|193|167|77|6|4|**447**|\n|**NYUNZU**|21|65|64|48|14|**213**|\n|**TOTAL**|**214**|**232**|**141**|**54**|**19**|**660**|\n\n\nDans la province du **Tanganyika**, le mois d'avril 2024 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par\nl'activisme des miliciens Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef qui op\u00e8rent dans la zone de Tanganyika,\nKalemie et Nyunzu. Des d\u00e9placements de populations dans le territoire de\nNyunzu en provenance de Kalemie depuis l'aire de sant\u00e9 de Kyoko, Zone de\nSant\u00e9 de Yemba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s et des atteintes des droits \u00e0 la population\ncivile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es sur diverses zones dans les deux territoires Nyunzu\n\n\n8 Flash information N\u00b0012/UV-Fizi/SK/2024 : Viols des femmes dans un village du groupement Kakamba\nTerritoire d\u2019Uvira_P\u00e9riode : Le 29 avril 2024_UNHCR et INTERSOS\n\n\n\net Kalemie. De plus, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cri\u00e9 des actes de maltraitance de la part des\nmilitaires envers la population civile qui circule dans certains axes de la\nprovince sur lesquels les unit\u00e9s de FARDC sont stationn\u00e9es.\n\n\n- **660** violations et abus de droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les\nacteurs du monitoring de protection en avril, soit 334 violations en plus\npar rapport au mois de mars 2024 avec 326 violations et abus. Comme\nau cours des mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant, il apparait que le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (taxes\nill\u00e9gales, extorsions, pillages) est celui qui a le plus fait l\u2019objet de\nviolations ou d\u2019atteintes dans la province. A la suite de ce droit, on peut\nciter le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 (limitation ou restriction de mouvement, travaux\nforc\u00e9s, arrestation arbitraire) qui sont eux-aussi les plus enfreints et le\ndroit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique (coups et blessures, tortures/traitements\ninhumains).\n\n\n- Environ **83% des victimes sont les PDIs retourn\u00e9s** et plus de 13% sont\ndes PDIs.\n\n- En outre, l\u2019environnement de la province du Tanganyika est toujours\naffect\u00e9 par la crue des eaux du lac Tanganyika et de son affluent la rivi\u00e8re\nLukuga. Cette situation continue d\u2019occasionner des inondations \u00e0 divers\nendroits de la ville de Kalemie et dans les territoires de Moba et de\nKabalo. Les inondations notamment d\u2019\u00e9coles, maisons, \u00e9glises,\nboutiques et routes principales ont affect\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits socio\u00e9conomiques et culturels des populations.\n\n\n**KALEMIE**\n\n\n- Plusieurs incursions et embuscades perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00efMa\u00ef Apa na pale ainsi que des groupes de milices de diverses factions\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9es avec des actes de pillages de biens, extorsions, coups et\nblessure, travaux forc\u00e9s, viols\u2026\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, les 10, 24 et 26 avril 2024, trois incursions ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ncommises dans les villages Kabuluku et Lubamba qui sont \u00e0 cheval dans\nl\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Kyoko, Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Nyemba, par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\nMa\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Apa na pale de la faction BILOLE BILOLE. Ces derniers ayant\npour but d\u2019\u00e9largir leur cohorte, ils font des irruptions dans ces deux\nvillages de la communaut\u00e9 Twa afin de recruter de force les hommes. A\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\nla suite du refus de ceux-ci, les miliciens viennent en repr\u00e9sailles, piller,\ntabasser et blesser ceux qu\u2019ils trouvent \u00e0 leurs passages.\n\n- En outre, durant trois nuits successives du 14 au 16 avril 2024, au village\nKibamba, au si\u00e8ge de Sangomutosha, Zone de Sant\u00e9 de Nyemba,\nGroupement Mugonda, Chefferie Tumbwe o\u00f9 le groupe des milices des\nfactions Mazambi, Mayaya Et Kamwanga, ont pill\u00e9 des biens de valeur\ndes populations, \u00e9quip\u00e9s d'armes blanches telles que des machettes et\ndes fl\u00e8ches.\n\n\n- En date du 20 avril 2024 dans le groupement Mugonda, Chefferie\nTumbwe \u00e0 25 km de l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de Lukombe et 35 km de l\u2019aire de\nsant\u00e9 de Kyoko sur l\u2019axe Kyoko \u2013 Kalemie. Chemin faisant, 6 motards en\nprovenance de Kongolo sont tomb\u00e9s dans une embuscade tendue par\nun groupe arm\u00e9 de la faction Mazambi, ils portaient tous chacun d\u2019eux\n10 bidons d\u2019huile de palme. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9s vers une destination\ninconnue en brousse jusqu\u2019\u00e0 18 heures, o\u00f9 leurs biens de valeurs\n(t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables, 600, 000 FC) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 extorqu\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, dans la localit\u00e9 de Kambu, dans la chefferie Tumbwe,\ngroupement Fatuma, territoire de Kalemie, zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyemba,\naire de sant\u00e9 de Fatuma, la population attire l\u2019attention sur le\ncomportement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC qui menacent la qui\u00e9tude de la\npopulation de ce village ; ces hommes en uniforme usent de leur pouvoir\npour exploiter la population civile \u00e0 travers des travaux forc\u00e9s, taxes\nill\u00e9gales, extorsions de biens, les arrestations arbitraires et d\u00e9tentions\nill\u00e9gales.\n\n\nA titre illustratif le 20 avril 2024, alors qu\u2019un homme se dirigeait vers son\nchamp, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 intimid\u00e9 et forc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire des travaux au camp de FARDC.\nCe comportement pousse certains jeunes \u00e0 retourner dans la brousse,\nfuyant ces traitements inhumains qui leurs sont inflig\u00e9s par la FARDC\ndans cette localit\u00e9.\n\n\n\n**NYUNZU**\n\n\n- L\u2019environnement de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par les tracasseries au\nniveau des barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par les forces de l\u2019ordre (FARDC et PNC)\net autres services de l\u2019\u00e9tat qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s comme pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nauteurs de plusieurs violations des droits humains dont les taxes\nill\u00e9gales, arrestations arbitraires, extorsion des biens, travaux forc\u00e9s sur\ndes populations civiles.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019exemple, le 02 avril 2024, dans le territoire de Nyunzu zone de\nsant\u00e9 de m\u00eame nom, axe de sant\u00e9 de Nyunzu-luizi, groupement Bayolo\nvillage kilolo, une PDI retourn\u00e9 \u00e2g\u00e9 de 31 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 contrainte de payer\nune taxe \u00e0 3 agents de la police de la circulation routi\u00e8re au niveau de la\nbarri\u00e8re \u00e9rig\u00e9e par les m\u00eames agents au village kilolo \u00e0 4 km de Nyunzu\nNyunzu-Centre.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 aussi quelques cas de conflits des limites et l\u2019activisme\ndes miliciens Ma\u00ef-ma\u00ef de la faction Bilole Bilole et Obedi Pharaon dans\ncertains axes qui commettraient des violations dont le viol et abus\nsexuels. Il sied de noter que d\u2019autres cas des VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par\nles civils.\n\n\nA titre d\u2019illustration, le 2 avril, une fille PDI \u00e2g\u00e9e de 19 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise de\nforce et abus\u00e9e sexuellement sur la route par les milices twa de la\nfraction Bilole bilole pendant que celle-ci se rendait au champ dans le\nvillage Embe saba, aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, groupement\n\n\nDans le village Kisengo, aire de sant\u00e9 de Kisengo, groupement\nbakalanga 2, chefferie Nord-Lukuga, zone de sant\u00e9 de Nyunzu sur l'axe\nKisengo-centre le 23 avril 2024 une femme veuve chef de m\u00e9nage PDI\nretourn\u00e9e \u00e2g\u00e9e de 53 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise de force et abus\u00e9e sexuellement\ndans la for\u00eat par les milices twa de la fraction Bilole bilole au moment o\u00f9\nelle allait chercher des vivres.\n\n\nEn date du 26 avril 2024, dans le village Kankwala, aire de sant\u00e9 de\nKankwala, groupement Bakalanga 2, chefferie Nord-Lukuga, zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Nyunzu une femme mari\u00e9e PDI retourn\u00e9e \u00e2g\u00e9e de 40 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9\nprise de force et abus\u00e9e sexuellement par 3 miliciens twa de la fraction\nObedi Pharaon sur la route.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\n**MANONO**\n\n\n- Des acteurs ont rapport\u00e9 que le 18 avril 2024, deux hommes en\nmotocyclette ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de mauvais traitements attribuables \u00e0 des\nmilitaires, au niveau du village Kabunda, \u00e0 130 Km \u00e0 l\u2019est de Manono\ncentre, au niveau de la barri\u00e8re en provenance de la cit\u00e9 de Manono.\nDes militaires se trouvant \u00e0 une barri\u00e8re en provenance de la cit\u00e9 de\nManono leur ont exig\u00e9 le payement de 5,000 FC chacun, alors que le prix\nhabituel est de 1,000 FC. L\u2019un d\u2019eux s\u2019\u00e9tant oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 ce prix, a \u00e9t\u00e9\nfrapp\u00e9.\n\n\nIls ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 interdits de passage et bloqu\u00e9s jusqu\u2019en fin d\u2019apr\u00e8smidi apr\u00e8s le paiement de 1,500 FC chacun et l\u2019expropriation d\u2019un bidon\nd\u2019huile et farine de ma\u00efs. Pendant cette privation de libert\u00e9, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9\noblig\u00e9s de puiser de l\u2019eau pour les militaires et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assign\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres\ntravaux.\n\n\n- Par ailleurs, le 28 avril, il y a eu le signalement quelques cas d\u2019atteinte\nau droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne suivie d\u2019atteintes au\ndroit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 un groupe de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s combattants\nTwa, arm\u00e9s d\u2019armes blanches et d\u2019un fusil, au village Malala, \u00e0 30 km de\nla ville de Manono.\n\n\n9 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasa\u00ef mois d\u2019avril 2024_UNHCR et Kadima Foundation\n\n\n## KASA\u00cf, KASA\u00cf ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Tendances des violations et abus des droits en avril 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**_Total_**|**_% _**|\n|**Kasa\u00ef**|87|189|247|214|17|**_754_**|**_52.29_**|\n|**Kasa\u00ef**
**oriental**|24|113|118|13|9|**_277_**|**_19.21_**|\n|**Kasa\u00ef central**|40|133|99|110|29|**_411_**|**_28.50_**|\n|**TOTAL**|**151**|**435**|**464**|**337**|**55**|**_1,442_**|**_100_**|\n\n\nDans les trois provinces **Kasa\u00ef,** il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 un regain des actes de criminalit\u00e9\nnotamment \u00e0 Tshikapa, des tensions intercommunautaires ainsi que la\npoursuite des expulsions par l\u2019Angola de Congolais dits en situation\nirr\u00e9guli\u00e8re.\n\n\nEnviron **1,442 violations et abus** de droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s, dont plus de\n52% dans le Kasa\u00ef, 28.50% dans le Kasa\u00ef Central et 19% dans le Kasa\u00ef\nOriental ; soit une augmentation des violations d\u2019environ 33% dans les\nprovinces par rapport au mois de mars 2024 o\u00f9 il y avait **1,285** violations\ndans les trois Kasa\u00ef.\n\n\n**KASAI** **[9]**\n\n - Plus de 52% des incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s en avril 2024\ndans le Kasa\u00ef, avec une majorit\u00e9 de violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique (coups et blessures), des cas de VBG (viols, agressions\nphysiques, mariages forc\u00e9s, agressions sexuelles) et violations du droit\n\u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, imposition de taxes ill\u00e9gales, extorsion de biens).\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\n\n- Dans le Kasa\u00ef, il y a eu la recrudescence de la criminalit\u00e9 dans la ville de\nTshikapa et ses environs.\n\n\nL\u2019on enregistre des cas de cambriolage, de viols de femmes et filles,\nnotamment dans la commune de Kanzala.\n\n\n- D\u2019autres violations sont celles li\u00e9es aux tensions intercommunautaires\navec affrontements violents. En effet, dans le territoire de Mweka, le\nrebondissement du conflit qui oppose deux communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 Bakwa\nNkenge dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kakenge a une fois de plus perturb\u00e9\nla qui\u00e9tude de la population le 23 avril 2024. Plusieurs maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nincendi\u00e9es et un d\u00e9placement massif de la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9.\nMalgr\u00e9 un renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence militaire dans la zone, les\ntensions demeurent perceptibles entre les parties au conflit.\n\n\n- **Kamako** : Les statistiques obtenues aupr\u00e8s de la DGM \u00e0 Kamako pour\nle compte du mois d\u2019avril font \u00e9tat de 1315 expuls\u00e9s dont 47\nfemmes/filles.\n\n\n**KASAI CENTRAL** **[10]**\n\n- **411 violations de droits de l\u2019homme** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es et document\u00e9es\npar les moniteurs de protection dont 98 \u00e0 Dimbelenge, 88 \u00e0 Kananga, 70\n\u00e0 Luiza, 61 \u00e0 Dibaya et 54 \u00e0 Kazumba. Les diff\u00e9rents types de violations\nenregistr\u00e9es sont respectivement les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, les\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et des violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.\n\n\n- Une nette augmentation des incidents a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e dans la province\nen raison non seulement du d\u00e9ploiement des moniteurs dans les\ndiff\u00e9rents territoires mais aussi des conflits ayant secou\u00e9 des territoires\npendant ce mois.\n\n\n- Au titre des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s, les populations civiles viennent en\npremi\u00e8re position avec 71% des incidents de protection, les agents de la\npolice nationale viennent en deuxi\u00e8me position avec 17%, puis viennent\nles \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC avec 9,4% des incidents.\n\n\n- La province du Kasa\u00ef central a connu l\u2019\u00e9clatement d\u2019un conflit foncier\nentre deux groupements voisins dans le territoire de Dimbelenge.\n\n\n10 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasai central mois d\u2019avril 2024_UNHCR et Vibosa\n\n\n\nEn effet, le 18 avril, un affrontement a eu lieu entre les Bambembele\n(Bena Kasasa) et les Basonga concernant des limites de terres et des\nchamps. L\u2019on signale plusieurs morts et bless\u00e9s parmi lesquels certains\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduits au centre de sant\u00e9. Plus de 1,400 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (670\nfemmes, 528 hommes et 241 enfants d'\u00e2ges scolaires) se sont dirig\u00e9s\nvers certains villages du Kasa\u00ef Oriental et du Kasa\u00ef Central.\n\n\n- En outre, dans le groupement de Bena Milombe, secteur de Lusonge,\ndans le territoire de Demba, un affrontement a \u00e9galement eu lieu entre\nles Lulua et les Bakuba. L\u2019on a enregistr\u00e9 l\u2019incendie de plus de 3 maisons\net plus de quatre bless\u00e9s. A l\u2019origine de l\u2019affrontement il y a l\u2019intronisation\ndu chef coutumier Bakuba aux alentours du groupement de Bena\nMilombe, tout en scandant des propos discourtois qui ont suscit\u00e9 la\nr\u00e9plique de l\u2019autre partie ; situation qui a conduit \u00e0 un affrontement entre\nles deux camps.\n\n\n**KASAI ORIENTAL** **[11]**\n\n- Dans la province du Kasa\u00ef Oriental, **277 abus et violations** de droits de\nl\u2019homme principalement \u00e0 Mbuji-Mayi (245 incidents de protection) et\nquelques cas \u00e0 Tshilenge (21 incidents de protection) ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 Kabeya\nKamuanga (11 incidents de protection).\n\n\n- L\u2019augmentation constat\u00e9e par rapport au mois de mars (197 cas) fait\nsuite non seulement au contexte global de la ville de Mbuji-Mayi mais\naussi au renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des moniteurs de protection qui ont\n\u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 dot\u00e9s avec de nouveaux mat\u00e9riels de collecte de\ndonn\u00e9es.\n\n\n- Les territoires de Kabeya Kamuanga et Tshilenge ont connu des tensions\nintercommunautaires pouvant aboutir \u00e0 des affrontements \u00e0 Mulowayi\n(Kabeya Kamuanga) et un important sentiment de rejet envers les\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes \u00e0 Nkuadi (Tshilenge).\n\n\n11 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Kasai oriental mois d\u2019avril 2024_UNHCR et Vibosa\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n## PROVINCES DU KWANGO, KWILU, MA\u00cf-NDOMBE [12]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Violations et abus de droits humains en avril 2024|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Territoires**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la libert\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**la**
**propri\u00e9t\u00e9**|**Violations**
**du droit \u00e0**
**l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9**
**physique**|**VBG**|**Conflits**
**fonciers**|**Total**|\n|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|**Province KWANGO**|\n|**Kenge**|8|11|5|6|3|**33**|\n|**Popokabaka**|1|9|0|1|0|**11**|\n|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|**Province KWILU**|\n|**Bandundu**|15|19|10|0|0|**44**|\n|**Bagata**|12|17|3|11|0|**43**|\n|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|**Province MA\u00cf NDOMBE**|\n|**Kwamouth**|1|28|24|9|2|**64**|\n|**TOTAL**|**37**|**84**|**42**|**27**|**5 **|**195**|\n\n\n\n- **195** abus et violations des droits humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en avril. Les\nviolations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentent 43% des cas document\u00e9s.\nIl s\u2019agit essentiellement d\u2019extorsions de biens et des taxes ill\u00e9gales\nprincipalement all\u00e9gu\u00e9es aux hommes en uniformes, \u00e0 savoir les PNC\n(36%) et les FARDC (27%).\n\n\n- Les victimes des violations et abus rapport\u00e9s sont en majorit\u00e9 des\nr\u00e9sidents (communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te), puis les PDIs et les retourn\u00e9s.\n\n\n**KENGE et POPOKABAKA (province KWANGO)**\n\n- Les acteurs locaux s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent quant \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des filles-m\u00e8res dans\nles villages Kinzuanga, Kabuba, Tshakalambewa, Kimuadi, Bukalonzo\nmission et secteur, ainsi que la cit\u00e9 de pont Kwango dans le secteur de\n\n\n12 Rapport mensuel de monitoring de protection Bandundu mois d\u2019avril 2024_UNHCR et Kadima\nFoundation et Rapport de veille humanitaire Crise Ma\u00ef-Ndombe - Avril 2024\n\n\n\nBukanga lonzo. La plupart de ces mineures sont enceintes et/ou ont des\nenfants.\n\n\n- Dans la province de Kwango, territoire de Popokabaka, groupement\nMalambu Kabobila ; en date du 06 au 07 avril 2024 plus de 80 assaillants\nMobondo ont fait incursion dans le village Kaloka et Mukila Ndondo. Ces\nderniers ont pill\u00e9 syst\u00e9matiquement des b\u00eates domestiques, incendi\u00e9\nplusieurs maisons, et une dizaine de villageois auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s et\nemmen\u00e9s vers des destinations inconnues. Les recherches continuent\npar les membres de leurs familles, mais en vain.\n\n\n- Apr\u00e8s ces r\u00e9centes incursions, la population de la province du Kwango\nexprime son inqui\u00e9tude, car elle dit ne pas comprendre pourquoi il y\naurait eu ces attaques le jour de la signature de l\u2019accords de paix par les\nchefs coutumiers de 2 tribus bellig\u00e9rantes, notamment les Tekes et les\nYakas sous la supervision du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique\ndu Congo.\n\n\n- Le 17 avril 2024, sur la route qui m\u00e8ne de Parc Agroforestier de\nBukangalonzo vers les fermes agricoles Lamona et Lambo, dans le\nterritoire de Kenge, les commer\u00e7ants qui s'y dirigeaient pour acheter les\nbraises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris par les miliciens Mobondo. Les ravisseurs leur\nauraient extorqu\u00e9 des sommes importantes d'argent. Certains d'entre\neux qui semblaient leur opposer la r\u00e9sistance auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 copieusement\nmolest\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Plusieurs cas de braquage et tracasseries perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les miliciens\nMobondo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rents axes et localit\u00e9s dans les\nterritoires de Popokabaka et Kenge. Tel est le cas d\u2019un r\u00e9sident braqu\u00e9\npar les assaillants Mobondo le 31 mars et le 02 avril 2024 sur le l\u2019axe\nKenge - Popokabaka Cit\u00e9. Le m\u00eame sc\u00e9nario se serait d\u00e9roul\u00e9 sur le\ntron\u00e7on Bukangalonzo Mission - Kimuadi le 03 avril 2024. Les voyageurs\n\u00e0 bord d'un camion transportant quelques acheteurs de braise et autres\nproduits agricoles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 braqu\u00e9s vers le village Kimuadi. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n\n\nd\u00e9pouill\u00e9s de tous leurs biens de valeur, notamment l\u2019argent et les\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables.\n\n\n- Au village Mukwele, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 plus ou moins 15km de la cit\u00e9 de Masiambio,\nun militaire a tir\u00e9 \u00e0 bout portant sur un d\u00e9plac\u00e9 qui gardait un v\u00e9hicule en\npanne le 22 avril 2024. La victime a succomb\u00e9 \u00e0 ses blessures et ce\nmilitaire aurait pris fuite vers une destination inconnue.\n\n\n- Plusieurs cas de braquage et de tracasseries perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les miliciens\nMobondo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rents axes et localit\u00e9s dans les\nterritoires de Popokabaka et Kenge.\n\n\n- Le 17 avril 2024, sur la route qui m\u00e8ne du Parc Agroforestier de\nBukangalonzo vers les fermes agricoles Lamona et Lambo, des\ncommer\u00e7ants qui s'y dirigeaient pour acheter la braise ont \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris par\nles miliciens Mobondo. Les ravisseurs ont extorqu\u00e9 des sommes\nimportantes d'argent. Certains d'entre eux qui s\u2019y opposaient ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nmolest\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Le comportement des militaires d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s \u00e0 la commune rurale de Maluku\ninqui\u00e8te la population. Ils se seraient livr\u00e9s \u00e0 des extorsions de biens. A\ntitre d\u2019illustration, dans la zone de Sant\u00e9 de Maluku 2, Aire de Sant\u00e9 de\nMampu, le 19 avril 2024, un groupe de militaires auraient assi\u00e9g\u00e9 le\nquartier Kinzono, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les fermes A5, A6, B5, B6, C5 et D6\no\u00f9 ils auraient pill\u00e9 et saccag\u00e9 tout sur leur passage.\n\n\n**KWAMOUTH (province MAI-NDOMBE)**\n\n- Plusieurs enfants du territoire de Kwamouth en particulier et du grand\nBandundu en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ne d\u00e9tiennent pas d\u2019actes de naissance, et les\nadultes ne d\u00e9tiennent pas de cartes d\u2019\u00e9lecteurs. Le service de l\u2019Etat civil\nest presque inexistant dans la communaut\u00e9 ; il n\u2019y a qu\u2019un officier d\u2019\u00e9tat\ncivil \u00e0 la commune rurale de Kwamouth et des frais seraient exig\u00e9s aux\nparents pour les d\u00e9clarations de naissances. De plus, la population ne\nmesure pas l\u2019importance de ces documents.\n\n\n- Le 07 avril 2024, des Mobondos auraient attaqu\u00e9 le village Kingawu,\ngroupement de Bahoma Sud, tuant 6 personnes, dont 2 femmes, une\nfille de 13 ans et 3 hommes retrouv\u00e9s dans leurs champs. De plus,\n\n\n\nplusieurs personnes ont subi des coups et blessures de la part des\nMobondos et ils ont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 d\u2019autres d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels importants.\n\n\n- Il convient \u00e9galement de noter le probl\u00e8me d\u2019acc\u00e8s dans certaines aires\nde sant\u00e9 du territoire de Kwamouth d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019impraticabilit\u00e9\ndes routes. 10 sur les 23 aires de sant\u00e9 que compte la zone de sant\u00e9\nsont inaccessibles pour les raisons sus \u00e9voqu\u00e9es. Ce qui rend\n\u00e9galement difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s des enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole.\n\n\n**BAGATA (KWILU)**\n\n- Les affrontements entre les deux chefs du village Mbumba, groupement\nFambembe, secteur de Wamba qui se disputent le pouvoir coutumier ont\noccasionn\u00e9 quelques incidents de protection, \u00e0 savoir des destructions\nde propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, notamment l\u2019incendie de quelques maisons.\n\n\n**MALUKU (ville de KINSHASA)**\n\n- Malgr\u00e9 la signature d\u2019actes d\u2019engagement global et inclusif pour la paix\net la stabilit\u00e9, la situation reste volatile dans la commune rurale de\nMaluku.\n\n\n- A Mbankana, les non originaires sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de m\u00e8che avec\nles assaillants Mobondos. Une fois arr\u00eat\u00e9s, ceux-ci seraient tortur\u00e9s et\nd\u2019autres tu\u00e9s.\n\n\n- Toujours au quartier Mbankana, commune de Maluku, deux conflits\nfonciers opposent les retourn\u00e9s et les autochtones T\u00e9k\u00e9 qui se seraient\nappropri\u00e9s ill\u00e9galement les habitations de non originaires. Les occupants\nill\u00e9gaux exigeraient aux propri\u00e9taires de leur verser des sommes\nimportantes d\u2019argent comme compensation.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SAILLANTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 AVRIL 2024**\n\n## **LIMITATIONS**\n\nCet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle \u00e0 partir des informations et des\nrapports envoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels.\nLes donn\u00e9es de suivi de la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n\nCe rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s, illustr\u00e9s par des\nexemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des points cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer et n'inclut\npas tous les incidents et violations survenus au cours de la p\u00e9riode. Les chiffres du\nsuivi de la protection peuvent ne pas correspondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour\ndiverses raisons, notamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui\nrend impossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers\nles diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et am\u00e9liorer le\nrapport, merci de bien vouloir nous contacter.\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter :\n[Steve Ndikumwenayo (ndikumwe@unhcr.org) ou Lorraine de Limelette (lorraine.delimelette@nrc.no)](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org) 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bb776023-c653-43c4-b922-901e8491a7c1/points_saillants_situation_de_protection_rdc_avril_2024_240523_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_875/raw/doc_875_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_875/raw/doc_875_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2b415973cae3b5f296619e67a97a917aa46ff473..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_875/raw/doc_875_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection of Persons Displaced Across** **Borders in the Context of Disasters and** **the Adverse Effects of Climate Change**\n\n##### Good Practices to Support Implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees December 2023\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KEY MESSAGES**\n\n\nThe [Global Compact on Refugees recognizes that \u201cexternal](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-compact-refugees-booklet)\nforced displacement may result from sudden\u2010onset natural\ndisasters and environmental degradation\u201d. It also acknowledges\nthat \u201c[w]hile not in themselves causes of refugee movements,\nclimate, environmental degradation and natural disasters\nincreasingly interact with the drivers of refugee movements\u201d.\nIn response, the Global Compact on Refugees advocates for\nguidance and support to manage protection and humanitarian\nchallenges for persons displaced in such contexts. [1]\n\n\nDisplacement in the context of disasters and climate change\nis already a reality, with numbers likely to increase. Current\ndisplacement is mainly internal, and often short-term, but some\ndisplaced persons cross borders to seek refuge abroad.\n\n\nMany States have found ways to admit persons displaced or at\nrisk of being displaced across borders in the context of disasters\nand the adverse effects of climate change.\n\n\nThese approaches highlight the benefits of and the need for\na complementary implementation of the Global Compact on\nRefugees and the Global Compact for Migration.\n\n\n\n**While numerous tools exist, their use is often random**\n**and hard to predict. Therefore, it is, among others,**\n**recommended to:**\n\n\n\uf0a9 **Build on existing good practice** to develop specific\nguidance on the application of refugee law and complementary\nor temporary protection measures to disaster- and climate\nchange-related cross-border displacement.\n\n\n\uf0a9 **Systematically integrate this issue into training** of decision\nmakers and country-of-origin information.\n\n\n\uf0a9 **Develop or strengthen, harmonize, and utilize tools** such\nas humanitarian visas and temporary protection in predictable\nways.\n\n\n\uf0a9 **Enhance the availability and flexibility of pathways** for\nregular migration for persons affected by disasters and the\nadverse effects of climate change.\n\n\n\uf0a9 **Explicitly include and address cross-border displacement**\nin the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate\nchange in international programs and projects supporting\naffected countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **01**\n## A CHALLENGE OF INCREASING PROPORTION\n\n**The Global Compact on Refugees recognizes disasters and the adverse effects of climate change as factors intertwined with**\n**drivers of refugee movements and calls for guidance and support to manage protection and humanitarian challenges of persons**\n**forcibly displaced in disaster contexts. This policy brief** **[2]** **focuses on good practices that demonstrate how States can implement**\n**their commitments in an era of climate change.**\n\n\n\n**Displacement in the context of disasters and climate change**\n**is a reality.** A ten year high of 32.6 million cases of internal\ndisaster displacement was recorded by IDMC in 2022. [3] The first\nhalf of 2023 [4] has already seen earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye and Syria\ndisplace large numbers of persons, with around four million\npeople still internally displaced as of 1 June. In early May, Vanuatu\nwas struck by two cyclones and two earthquakes, over just three\ndays, causing large-scale destruction and displacing thousands\nof people. Also in May, tropical cyclone Mocha displaced\nmillions of people across South and South-East Asia, with some\nstill currently in protracted displacement. By the end of June,\nconflict-affected Somalia had recorded nearly 1.3 million new\ndisplacements, among them 715,000 linked to drought and\nfloods.\n\n\n**Disaster and climate-related displacement is likely to**\n**increase.** According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate\nChange (IPCC), \u201c[c]limate and weather extremes are increasingly\ndriving displacement in all regions\u201d, while the possibilities to\nadapt to the effects of climate change, and thus to reduce\ndisplacement risks, increasingly reach their limits. [5] According to\nthe World Bank, up to 216 million people will move within their\ncountry due to climate change impacts by 2050. However, we\n\u201ccan reduce the scale of internal climate migration by as much\nas 60\u201380 percent\u201d if we take robust \u201caction both to cut global\ngreenhouse gas emissions and to ensure inclusive and resilient\ndevelopment\u201d. [6]\n\n\n\n**Disaster- and climate-related displacement is mainly**\n**internal and often short-term, but some displaced persons**\n**cross borders to seek refuge abroad.** While comprehensive\ndata do not exist, a review of current practices shows that\nauthorities in many countries have been confronted with\nindividuals claiming international protection due to the impacts\nof disasters and climate change. While some seek short-term\nrefuge from disaster impacts that may last days, weeks or\nmonths, others need long-term protection because they remain\nat risk even long after the disaster occurred.\n\n\n**The multicausality of displacement in the context of**\n**disasters, climate change, and environmental degradation**\n**contribute to displaced persons\u2019 context-specific protection**\n**and assistance needs.** In many situations, fragility, conflict, and\nviolence occur where climate vulnerability is disproportionately\nhigh. Displacement triggered by the impacts of seasonal shocks,\nsuch as floods and storms, or drought is often recurrent in\ndisaster prone or fragile areas. Climate change and disaster\nimpacts also compound wider conflict situations and other\ndrivers of refugee movements. This leaves people in pre-existing\ndisplacement situations particularly vulnerable to natural\nhazards. The extent of disruption and losses, how quickly the\nimmediate threats from natural hazards pass, and people\u2019s\ncapacity to recover all determine how soon and whether people\ncan return home.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Highest figure in a decade**\n_Internal displacements by disaster in millions_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n32.6m\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The Global Compact on Refugees addresses these**\n**challenges.** It contains relevant provisions for the protection\nof people displaced across borders when displacement relates\nto climate change impacts, environmental degradation, and\nthe effects of disasters. Paragraph 8 identifies climate impacts\nand disasters as factors that intertwine with drivers of refugee\nmovements, a statement supported by UNHCR\u2019s finding that\n\u201cover 70 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees and internally displaced\npeople come from the most climate-vulnerable countries\u201d. [7] The\nGlobal Compact on Refugees\u2019s call for guidance and support\nto manage protection and humanitarian challenges, including\nfor disaster-displaced persons (para. 63), is therefore highly\nrelevant. In particular, mechanisms to determine international\nprotection claims of such persons must be fair and efficient to\navoid protection gaps (para. 61).\n\n\n\nTo facilitate implementation of States\u2019 commitments in the\nGlobal Compact on Refugees, this brief illustrates effective\npractices in the application of policy and legal measures,\nincluding through case law, to protect persons displaced in\nthe context of disasters, climate change, and environmental\ndegradation. It highlights different ways States have authorized\nthe admission and/or stay of persons affected by disasters and\nclimate change by employing a variety of international, regional,\nand domestic measures associated with law and policy on\nrefugees, human rights, and migration.\n\n\n# **02**\n## NOT CLIMATE REFUGEES, BUT REFUGEE LAW MAY PLAY A ROLE\n\n**In order to constitute persecution as per the 1951 Refugee Convention, the involvement of human actors is required.**\n**Notwithstanding that natural hazards do not affect people differently for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a**\n**particular social group or political opinion, Courts recognize several disaster-related situations in which persecution can occur.**\n\n\n\nFlooding, tropical storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,\ndrought, landslides, coastal erosion and other environmental\nsudden- or slow-onset events often cause life-threatening or\notherwise serious harm to affected persons. However, natural\nhazards, in and of themselves, do not constitute persecution.\nAs highlighted by domestic courts, \u201c[t]he legal concept of\n\u2018being persecuted\u2019 rests on human agency\u201d, meaning that\npersecution must \u201cemanate from the conduct of either state\nor non-state actors\u201d. [8] Thus, in the absence of human agency,\nthe mere occurrence of a natural hazard alone is not capable\nof persecution \u201cfor reasons of race, religion, nationality,\nmembership of a particular social group or political opinion as\nrequired by the Refugee Convention\u201d. [9] Relatedly, even though\nglobal warming is human made, the emission of large quantities\nof greenhouse gases is not based on any of the Convention\ngrounds and therefore does not constitute persecution within\nthe meaning of refugee law. [10]\n\n\nTherefore, courts and refugee law experts [11] widely acknowledge\nthat very often refugee law does not apply to people displaced\nacross borders in the context of disasters and climate change.\nHowever, this does not mean that refugee law is irrelevant. There\nare **several disaster situations in which a well-founded fear of**\n**persecution may exist**, provided that persecution occurred for\nrelevant reasons. Such **scenarios** include: [12]\n\n\n\n**Persecution due to activities undertaken in disaster contexts**\n**that are construed as anti-government:** Arrests and prolonged\nprison sentences, unfair trials, torture and inhuman treatment,\nand other serious violations of individuals\u2019 human rights may\namount to persecution if authorities took such actions on\naccount of the real or imputed political opinion of persons\ncriticizing the government for its lack of preparedness for or\nresponse to a disaster. Such persons may include members\nof the opposition, human rights or environmental activists,\nleaders of marginalized communities, journalists, or organizers\nand participants of a demonstration. For example, a New\nZealand tribunal granted refugee status to **an activist who had**\n**coordinated an opposition party\u2019s disaster response** because\nthe regime in her country of origin had arrested other activists\nfor similar activities and sentenced them to substantial prison\nterms. [13]\n\n\n**Withholding or denying access to available life-saving**\n**humanitarian assistance to members of ethnic, religious**\n**minority or specific political groups during, or in the**\n**aftermath of, a disaster:** This may include situations when\nstate actors refuse to provide assistance for discriminatory\nreasons, or when non-state actors block humanitarian access\nor divert assistance and state authorities are unwilling or unable\nto intervene. For instance, a UK tribunal found that **excluding a**\n**person from accessing food aid for a reason recognised by**\n**the 1951 Refugee Convention amounted to persecution** . [14]\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Unwillingness or inability of authorities to protect persons**\n**exposed to harm:** Gender-based and other forms of violence\ncommonly occur in evacuation centres, camps, and settlements\nfor internally displaced persons (IDPs) in disaster situations. [15]\nLess often, but even more devastating, are situations where law\nand order collapse in disaster contexts, resulting in rampant\ncrime and violence. Local communities or political parties may\nwrongly accuse migrants, refugees, [16] members of minorities,\nor activists to be responsible for disasters such as wildfires or\nlandslides. Disasters may also ignite pre-existing ethnic, racial,\nor religious tensions between communities that erupt into\nviolent intercommunity conflict. In such situations, the State\nmay be unwilling or unable to provide protection. For this reason,\n**Panama and Peru granted asylum based on the 1951 Refugee**\n**Convention to a small number of Haitians** in the aftermath of\nthe 2010 earthquake. [17]\n\n\n**Disasters as a factor amplifying vulnerability and**\n**contributing to persecution:** Sometimes, disasters are a\ncontributing factor to persecution. As UNHCR highlights,\n\u201cadverse effects of climate change \u2026 may give rise to social,\neconomic or political pressures and particular populations may\nbe left out, leading to some being disproportionately affected or\neven targeted\u201d. [18]\n\n\nThis is particularly true when **disasters and adverse effects of**\n**climate change interact with armed conflict** (so called nexus\nsituations). [19] Disasters often aggravate ongoing armed conflict\nsituations and pre-existing persecution linked to it, thus creating\n\u201cconditions that reinforce or bolster claims for refugee status\nunder the Refugee Convention.\u201d [20] Using starvation as a weapon\nof war, for instance, may be particularly harmful when a natural\nhazard like drought sets in or flooding destroys crops. Such\nscenarios are particularly worrying given that 60 per cent of the\n20 countries most vulnerable to climate change impacts also\nexperience armed conflict. [21]\n\n\nIn other situations, disasters may amplify the vulnerability of\npersons targeted by persecution. As courts have recognized,\npersons belonging, for instance, to an ethnic or religious\nminority or to a particular social group might become even more\nvulnerable in disaster contexts and, therefore, are more easily\ntargeted by persecutors. [22]\n\n\n**Disasters and internal flight alternatives:** Finally, the existence\nof a disaster situation may be a factor in assessing whether an\ninternal flight alternative exists for persons who are persecuted\nin one part of the country of origin, but might find security in\nanother region of the same country. Even in the absence of\npersecution, disaster impacts may contribute to living conditions\nin a proposed area being \u201cunduly harsh and therefore [making\nit] unreasonable for the person to relocate\u201d [23] there because he\nor she would \u201cface economic destitution or existence below at\nleast an adequate level of subsistence.\u201d [24] Thus, a Norwegian\ncourt recognized in 2011 that a region in Somalia not affected\nby armed conflict but suffering from **serious drought and a**\n**devastating humanitarian situation would not provide an**\n**acceptable internal flight alternative** for a refugee without\nfamily or community support there. [25]\n\n\n\nIn all these cases, disasters and adverse effects of climate\nchange do not constitute persecution. Rather, they provide\nthe context within which persecution may occur. However,\nparticularly in the third and fourth scenario, it might be difficult\nto identify relevant reasons for the persecution. Applications\nfor international protection may also fail because violence and\nill-treatment occurring in sudden-onset disaster situations\nmay be limited to the post-disaster period until government\ncapacity and systems are restored. Consequently, victims of past\nviolations, such as those described in the third scenario, may not\nhave a well-founded fear of future persecution as required by\nthe Convention.\n\n\n**OAU Convention, Article I (2)**\n\nThe term \u201crefugee\u201d shall also apply to every person\nwho, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign\ndomination or events seriously disturbing public order in\neither part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality,\nis compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order\nto seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin\nor nationality.\n\n\n**Cartagena Declaration, Article III (3)**\n\n\n\u2026the definition or concept of a refugee\u2026 includes \u2026\npersons who have fled their country because their lives,\nsafety or freedom have been threatened by generalized\nviolence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive\nviolation of human rights or other circumstances which have\nseriously disturbed public order.\n\n\n**Regional refugee law** may provide broader protection than the\n1951 Refugee Convention. The OAU Refugee Convention [26] and\nthe legally non-binding Cartagena Declaration [27] expand the\ndefinition of who is a refugee to persons fleeing from events\nor circumstances, respectively, which are \u201cseriously disturbing\npublic order.\u201d [28] Many States in Africa and Latin America reflect\nthis wider notion of refugee [29] and there is widespread scholarly\nconsensus that this notion has the potential of providing\nprotection in some disaster situations. [30] In reality, State practice\nhas been inconsistent and very limited. Nevertheless, examples\nof good practices exist. When drought was compounded by\narmed conflict in Somalia in 2011 and 2012 and food aid could\nnot reach affected people in the absence of a functioning\ngovernment, Kenya and Ethiopia admitted large numbers of\nSomalis fleeing famine, primarily using a group-based approach\nto the recognition of refugee status. [31] In the aftermath of the\n2010 Haiti earthquake and the ensuing collapse of law and\norder, Mexico and Ecuador granted a limited number of Haitians\nrefugee status on the basis of the Cartagena Declaration\u2019s wider\nrefugee definition because of the risk of survivors becoming\nvictims of violence. [32] **These examples illustrate that disasters,**\n**particularly in the context of conflict and violence, can create**\n**serious disturbances of public order** that emanate from\nhuman actors rather than natural hazards.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **03**\n## DISASTERS: A FACTOR FOR GRANTING COMPLEMENTARY PROTECTION\n\n**Complementary (also called subsidiary) protection allows persons who do not qualify as refugees to stay and be protected from**\n**forcible return to the country of origin (refoulement) on the basis of human rights law.**\n\n\n\nSuch protection is, for instance, granted to persons who\nwould face a real risk of arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture\nand inhuman treatment, or serious and individual risk to life\nduring armed conflict. [33] The UN Human Rights Committee\nhas recognized **that in the mid- to long-term, threats to the**\n**right to life may prohibit the return of a person to low-**\n**lying islands at risk of being submerged by sealevel rise**, but\nemphasised in the specific case that this condition was not met\nat the time of the decision. [34]\n\n\n\nDomestic courts in Austria routinely **take into account**\n**environmental factors**, such as recurrent drought or flooding,\nwhen assessing whether asylum-seekers from countries such\nas Afghanistan or Somalia are eligible for **complementary**\n**protection** . [35] Courts in other countries, including Germany, [36]\nItaly, [37] and New Zealand, [38] have on occasion also referred to\ndisasters triggered by natural hazards as one element among\nothers relevant for their assessment.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "already present. Discretionary humanitarian measures such\nas **humanitarian visas, temporary admission**, or **temporary**\n**protection status** allow authorities to grant admission and stay\nfor humanitarian reasons. In the Americas, the immigration\nlaws of countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Ecuador,\nEl Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and the USA [44]\ncontain **explicit references to risks associated with disasters**\nas a situation that justifies granting entry or temporary stay.\nBolivia goes one step further and defines \u201cclimate migrants\u201d as\n\u201c[g]roups of persons who are forced to displace from one State\nto another due to climate effects, when a risk or threat to their\nlife may exist, whether due to natural causes, environmental,\nnuclear [or] chemical disasters or hunger.\u201d [45] Other countries in\nthe Americas and Europe have applied provisions on admission\nand temporary stay for \u201chumanitarian considerations\u201d [46] (that\ndo not mention disasters) to persons at risk in disaster-affected\ncountries of origin, for instance in the aftermath of the 2010\nHaiti earthquake. [47] In France, a Court recognized that a person\nsuffering from respiratory problems could not be sent back to his\ncountry of origin, where the combination of a **very high degree**\n**of atmospheric pollution and a weak medical system** would\nhave seriously affected his health. [48]\n\n\nCountries may also decide to **prioritize visa applications**\nfrom people affected by a sudden-onset disaster who wish\nto travel temporarily to stay with their relatives living abroad,\nas Canada, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland did in the\nimmediate aftermath of the 2023 earthquake in south-eastern\nT\u00fcrkiye. [49] States may also **waive requirements for regular visa**\n**applications** for individuals from certain countries to either\nextend existing resident visas or grant new permits, which\ncountries like the British Virgin Islands, Canada, Montserrat, and\nthe USA have done on several occasions for applicants from\ndisaster-affected countries.\n\n\n[Grounded in migration law and enshrined in the Global Compact](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-compact-refugees-booklet)\n[on Refugees, paragraph 63, these collective practices addressing](https://www.unhcr.org/media/global-compact-refugees-booklet)\ncross-border disaster-displacement are also in line with the\n[approach adopted by States in the Global Compact for Safe,](https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_73_195.pdf)\n[Orderly, and Regular Migration](https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_73_195.pdf) (GCM). Under Objective 5 on\nenhancing the availability and flexibility of pathways for regular\nmigration, States committed to building on a series of measures,\nincluding using or developing practices based on humanitarian\nconsiderations to temporarily admit \u201cmigrants compelled to\nleave their countries of origin owing to sudden-onset natural\ndisasters \u2026, while adaptation in or return to their country of\norigin is not possible\u201d (GCM, para. 21[g]).\n\n\n\n\n\nSeveral countries, particularly in the Americas and Europe,\nenshrine humanitarian measures in domestic laws and\npolicies on immigration and the status of foreigners that\ncan be utilized when persons displaced across borders in the\ncontext of disasters and adverse effects of climate change\nseek to enter or continue to stay in a country where they are\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **05**\n## MIGRATION AGREEMENTS AND IMMIGRATION QUOTAS: A PATHWAY TO SAFETY\n\n**Agreements on the free movement of persons, as well as bilateral agreements or immigration quotas for persons from climate**\n**vulnerable countries, enable disaster displaced persons to access safe, orderly, and regular migration pathways in regions**\n**particularly affected by drought, flooding, or sea level rise. Such measures also anticipate and seek to avoid future cross-border**\n**disaster-displacement.**\n\n\n\nThe **Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons in the IGAD**\n**Region**, adopted in 2021, provides that \u201cMember States shall\nallow citizens of another Member State who are moving in\nanticipation of, during or in the aftermath of disaster to enter\ninto their territory provided that upon arrival they shall be\nregistered in accordance with national law.\u201d\n\n\n**Cross-border simulation exercises** have been conducted by\nneighbouring States in Central and South America and the\nHorn of Africa [50] that led to the revision of Standard Operating\nProcedures for relevant authorities and the development of\nbilateral Memoranda of Understanding.\n\n\nAnother approach can be found in Africa and the Caribbean.\nHere, sub-regional **agreements on the free movement of**\n**persons** have allowed individuals and families to travel to\nneighbouring countries and, for instance, find refuge and\nemployment **during times of drought and flooding** in Africa\u2019s\nECOWAS region, [51] or enter a country in the immediate aftermath\nof tropical storms in the Caribbean. [52] In 2021, Member States\nadopted a Protocol on Free Movement of Persons in the IGAD\nRegion, which explicitly provides that disaster-affected people\nmay enter and stay in the territory of another Member State\n(Article 16).\n\n\nWhile free movement agreements usually allow for temporary\nadmission before permanent stay becomes possible, **bilateral**\n**migration agreements** could usefully address the issue of\npermanent admission of persons from countries that are losing\nsubstantial parts of their territory due to sea level rise and other\nlong-term impacts of slow-onset disasters. [53]\n\n\n\nFinally, States may establish **immigration quotas** for individuals\nfrom countries particularly affected by disasters and the\nadverse effects of climate change. While not introduced with\nthe purpose to protect people affected by climate change, New\n[Zealand\u2019s Pacifc Access Category offers permanent admission](https://www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/media-centre/common-topics/pacific-access-category)\nto a certain number of people from Kiribati, Tuvalu, Tonga or Fiji,\nwith annual quotas recently doubled between 2022 and 2023.\nThe Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme allows\nworkers from climate vulnerable Pacific Island States to take up\nseasonal jobs in the agricultural sector, develop their skills, and\nsend home income to support their families and communities.\n[Australia is also developing a new Pacifc Engagement Visa](https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/pacific/people-connections/people-connections-in-the-pacific/pacific-engagement-visa)\n(PEV) scheme that would allow families from such islands to\npermanently stay in Australia, and thus **help countries affected**\n**by sea level rise and losing habitable territories to build and**\n**strengthen a viable diaspora** in Australia in the mid-to-long\nterm. The 2023 [Pacifc Human Mobility Framework, in paragraph](https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Annex-C-Pacific-Regional-Framework-on-Climate-Mobility-1.pdf)\n39, commits States to \u201cexplore opportunities to provide people\nwho are compelled to cross borders in the context of the adverse\neffects of climate change with opportunities for humanitarian\nadmission and stay as well as access to longer-lasting and\nsustainable solutions including resettlement and regularisation\nof their legal status\u201d in line with domestic law.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **06**\n## INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT\n\n**The international community and bilateral donors need to support States that provide international protection to or otherwise**\n**host persons displaced in the context of disasters and adverse effects of climate change, in line with the principles of shared**\n**responsibilities and international solidarity that underlie the Global Compact on Refugees.**\n\n\n\nExamples of practices for effective support include the World\nBank\u2019s Window for Host Communities and Refugees (WHR) that\ncreates medium and long-term development opportunities for\nrefugees and host communities. The EU\u2019s Regional Development\nProtection Program (RDPP), an international protection initiative\nset up by the EU and its Member States, assists third countries to\naddress the protection and developmental needs of migrants,\nrefugees, and asylum seekers. The RDPP also supports the\nefforts of migrant and refugee hosting communities, and\nbuilds national authorities\u2019 capacities regarding asylum and\nprotection. Other examples include the EU Trust Fund project\non \u201cFree movement of persons and transhumance in the IGAD\nregion\u201d that supports implementation of IGAD\u2019s free movement\n\n\n\nprotocol, a similar project funded by Germany, entitled\n\u201cImproving Migration and Refugee Policies in the IGAD Region,\u201d\nas well as the EU\u2019s \u201cSupport to Free Movement of Persons and\nMigration\u201d project supporting implementation of the ECOWAS\nFree Movement Protocol and ECOWAS Common Approach on\nMigration.\n\n\nClimate finance offers largely untapped potential to support\nhost countries affected by adverse climate change effects. In\nparticular, the [fund for loss and damage, established by the](https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2022_L18_cma2022_L20E_0.pdf?download)\nUNFCCC Conference of the Parties in 2022 (COP27), provides\nan important opportunity to include support for measures to\nanticipate, respond to and address displacement.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **07**\n## CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n**As this overview illustrates, existing measures derived from international refugee law, human rights law, as well as migration law**\n**offer legal and policy options for admitting and protecting people displaced across borders in the context of disasters and the**\n**adverse effects of climate change. The regional practices further demonstrate that consensus is growing on the need to protect**\n**such persons. However, a closer analysis of State practice indicates that the use of these tools is limited, often random, hard to**\n**predict, and neither harmonized nor well-coordinated. In other words, implementation remains partial and unpredictable.**\n\n\n**To support the implementation of paragraphs**\n**61 and 63 of the Global Compact on Refugees,**\n\n\n###### **UNHCR**\n\n**should, building on existing good practice:**\n\n\n\u00bb Develop further guidance on the application of refugee law,\ncomplementary protection, and their limits in the context of\ndisasters, climate change, and environmental degradation;\n\n\n\u00bb Develop additional guidance on the use of temporary\nprotection and stay measures in the context of disasters,\nclimate change, and environmental degradation; and\n\n\n\u00bb Support regional dialogues and similar processes on refugee\nlaw, where they exist, and encourage States to seriously\nconsider and build consensus on the applicability of regional\nrefugee law.\n\n###### **States**\n\n**in order to harness the full potential of**\n**the 1951 Refugee Convention, should:**\n\n\n\u00bb Include the issue of disaster- and climate change-related\ndisplacement into training for officials and judges involved in\nrefugee status determination;\n\n\n\u00bb Ensure the systematic integration of relevant disaster and\nclimate change-related facts and analysis in country-oforigin information;\n\n\n\u00bb Ensure access to refugee status determination procedures\nfor everyone claiming to be in need of international\nprotection due to persecution in the context of disasters and\nthe adverse effects of climate change; and\n\n\n\u00bb Ensure that decision makers systematically consider factors\nrelated to disasters and adverse effects of climate change\nas relevant elements when deciding whether an internal\nflight alternative exists or whether to grant complementary/\nsubsidiary protection.\n\n\n###### **States**\n\n**should consider the use of national and regional migration**\n**law to:**\n\n\n\u00bb Develop new or strengthen existing tools based on\nhumanitarian considerations, such as humanitarian visas\nand temporary protection status, that are harmonized and\nutilized in predictable ways;\n\n\n\u00bb Utilize discretionary powers to authorize the admission\nand/or stay of displaced persons using regular migration\ncategories;\n\n\n\u00bb Integrate disaster displacement into regional or bilateral\nagreements on the free movement of persons; and\n\n\n\u00bb Introduce immigration quotas to create pathways for safe,\norderly, and regular migration from countries particularly\naffected by sea level rise or otherwise losing habitable\nterritory as a consequence of the adverse effects of climate\nchange.\n\n###### **Donors**\n\n**should explicitly include and address cross-border**\n**displacement in the context of disasters and the adverse**\n**effects of climate change in programs and projects**\n**supporting hosting countries, whilst not neglecting efforts**\n**to reduce greenhouse gas and to prevent and address**\n**displacement in countries of origin, including through**\n**climate adaptation and loss and damage financing.**\n\n###### **The Platform on Disaster** **Displacement**\n\n**should continue its support for collaborative efforts that**\n**promote predictable, complementary, and integrated**\n**approaches to address displacement in the context of**\n**disasters and climate change.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**EXISTING GUIDANCE**\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s 2020 _[Legal considerations regarding claims for](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)_\n_[international protection made in the context of the adverse](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)_\n_[efects of climate change and disasters](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)_ set out key legal\nconsiderations concerning the applicability of international\nand regional refugee and human rights law when cross-border\ndisplacement occurs in the context of the adverse effects of\nclimate change and disasters. The document primarily focuses\non the interpretation and application of the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and the meaning of \u201cevents seriously disturbing\npublic order\u201d as enshrined in the OAU Refugee Convention,\nbut also addresses complementary protection and temporary\nprotection mechanisms.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s 2014 _[Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/guidelines-temporary-protection-or-stay-arrangements)_\n_[Arrangements](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/guidelines-temporary-protection-or-stay-arrangements)_ assist governments in the development of\nTemporary Protection or Stay Arrangements (TPSAs) as\nresponses to humanitarian crises and complex or mixed\npopulation movements, particularly in situations where\nexisting responses are not suited or adequate. The document\nhighlights that such arrangements, particularly in cases of\nlarge-scale influx and as part of a humanitarian response,\nneed to be flexible to quickly react to a disaster situation while\nalso providing at least a minimum level of protection.\n\n\n\n**ENDNOTES**\n\n\n1 _Global Compact on Refugees,_ paras. 8, 61 and 63. See UNHCR, [Climate](https://www.unhcr.org/media/climate-change-and-disaster-displacement-global-compact-refugees)\n[change and disaster displacement in the Global Compact on Refugees.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/climate-change-and-disaster-displacement-global-compact-refugees)\n\n2 It builds on a review of laws, policies and practices of 52 States, as well\nas other relevant instruments and documents, including the Convention\nRelating to the Status of Refugees (adopted 28 July 1951, entered into\nforce 22 April 1954) 189 UNTS 137) and Protocol relating to the Status\nof Refugees (adopted 31 January 1967, entered into force into force\n4 October 1967) 606 UNTS 267 (hereafter 1951 Refugee Convention\nand 1967 Protocol) and corresponding regional instruments; the\nInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and relevant regional\nhuman rights instruments; the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and\nRegular Migration (GCM) and relevant migration agreements; UNHCR\u2019s\n[Legal considerations regarding claims for international protection made](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\n[in the context of the adverse efects of climate change and disasters and](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\n[its Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements; and the](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-temporary-protection-or-stay-arrangements)\nNansen Initiative [Agenda for the protection of cross-border displaced](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/EN_Protection_Agenda_Volume_I_-low_res.pdf)\n[persons in the context of disasters and climate change, 2015.](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/EN_Protection_Agenda_Volume_I_-low_res.pdf)\n\n3 IDMC, _GRID 2023: Global Report on Internal Displacement,_ Internal\nDisplacement Monitoring Centre and Norwegian Refugee Council,\n2023.\n\n4 IDMC, [2023 Mid-year update on internal displacement.](https://story.internal-displacement.org/2023-mid-year-update/)\n\n5 IPCC, \u201cSummary for Policymakers\u201d in _IPCC Climate Change 2022 \u2013 Impacts,_\n_Adaptation and Vulnerability \u2013 Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth_\n_Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change_\n(P\u00f6rtner H.O. and others (eds)) (Cambridge University Press 2022), pp. 9\nand 11.\n\n6 Clement V. and others, _Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate_\n_Migration,_ World Bank, 2021, p. xxvii.\n\n7 See UNHCR, [2023: A Moment of Truth for Global Displacement.](https://www.unhcr.org/spotlight/2023/01/2023-a-moment-of-truth-for-global-displacement/)\n\n8 0907346 [2009] [RRTA 1168 (10 December 2009), para. 48.](https://www.refworld.org/cases,AUS_RRT,4b8fdd952.html)\n\n9 Ibid.\n\n10 _Ibid,_ para. 51.\n\n11 McAdam J., _Climate Change, Forced Migration, and International Law_ (Oxford\nUniversity Press 2012) pp. 39-51; Ragheboom H., _The International Legal_\n_Status and Protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons: A European_\n_Perspective_ (Brill 2017), pp. 293-357; Borges I.M., _Environmental Change,_\n_Forced Displacement and International Law: From Legal Protection Gaps to_\n_Protection Solutions_ (Routledge 2020), pp. 116-151; Scott M., _Climate_\n_Change, Disasters, and the Refugee Convention_ (Cambridge University\nPress 2020), pp. 155-156; Goodwin-Gill G. and McAdam J., _The Refugee_\n_in International Law_ (4th ed., Oxford University Press 2021), pp. 642-45;\nStorey H., _The Refugee Definition in International Law_ (Oxford University\nPress 2023), pp. 26; See also CGRS, _Asylum Claims for Individuals Fleeing_\n_Climate Change or Environmental Disasters: Making the Best Use of Existing_\n_Legal Frameworks_, [Center for Refugee & Gender Studies, June 14, 2023.](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXhn4C221TCuPXfX5HAe7Y4UCZGxE7CyftebTclTJJgl3yvg/viewform)\n\n12 For these and other scenarios see Scott M., _ibid,_ pp. 45-88.\n\n13 [Refugee Appeal No 76374 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals](https://www.refworld.org/cases,NZL_RSAA,4afc31da2.html)\nAuthority, 28 October 2009).\n\n14 [RN (Returnees) Zimbabwe v. Secretary of State for the Home](https://www.refworld.org/cases,GBR_AIT,49243bcb2.html)\n[Department, [2008] UKAIT 00083 para. 249.](https://www.refworld.org/cases,GBR_AIT,49243bcb2.html)\n\n15 UNHCR, [Guidelines on International Protection No. 1: Gender-Related](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-1-gender-related-persecution-within-context-article-1a)\n[Persecution within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-1-gender-related-persecution-within-context-article-1a)\n[and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (HCR/](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-1-gender-related-persecution-within-context-article-1a)\nGIP/02/01), 7 May 2002.\n\n16 Note UNHCR\u2019s [Operational Strategy for Climate Resilience and](https://www.unhcr.org/media/operational-strategy-climate-resilience-and-environmental-sustainability-2022-2025)\n[Environmental Sustainability 2022-2025.](https://www.unhcr.org/media/operational-strategy-climate-resilience-and-environmental-sustainability-2022-2025)\n\n17 Cantor D.J., [Law, Policy and Practice Concerning the Humanitarian](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/150715_FINAL_BACKGROUND_PAPER_LATIN_AMERICA_screen.pdf)\n[Protection of Aliens on a Temporary Basis in the Context of Disasters,](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/150715_FINAL_BACKGROUND_PAPER_LATIN_AMERICA_screen.pdf)\nNansen Initiative, 2015, p. 17.\n\n18 UNHCR, [Legal considerations regarding claims for international](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\n[protection made in the context of the adverse efects of climate change](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\n[and disasters, 1 October 2020.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5f75f2734.html)\n\n19 See UNHCR, [Guidelines on International Protection No. 12 on claims for](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/unhcr-guidelines-international-protection-no-12-hcr-gip-16-12-02-december-2016)\n[refugee status related to situations of armed confict and violence under](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/unhcr-guidelines-international-protection-no-12-hcr-gip-16-12-02-december-2016)\n[Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/unhcr-guidelines-international-protection-no-12-hcr-gip-16-12-02-december-2016)\n[the Status of Refugees and the regional refugee def, 2 December 2016.](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/unhcr-guidelines-international-protection-no-12-hcr-gip-16-12-02-december-2016)\n\n\n\n\n\nprinciples and elements to protect persons displaced\nacross borders in the context of disasters triggered by\nnatural hazards, including those linked to climate change.\nImportantly, it aims to support States and (sub-)regional\nactors integrate effective practices into their own normative\nframeworks, in accordance with their specific context,\nby offering a toolbox to better prevent and prepare for\ndisplacement before a disaster strikes. When displacement\ncannot be avoided, the Protection Agenda also presents tools\nto help States improve their responses to disaster situations\nthat force people to find refuge, either within their own\ncountry or across an international border.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "20 Weerasinghe S, [In Harm\u2019s Way \u2013 International Protection in the Context](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c2f54fe4.html)\n[of Nexus Dynamics between Confict or Violence and Disaster or Climate](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c2f54fe4.html)\n[Change, UNHCR, December 2018, p. 10.](https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c2f54fe4.html)\n\n21 ICRC, [When rain turns to dust (ICRC, July 2020), p. 10.](https://www.anticipation-hub.org/download/file-1275)\n\n22 See Tribunale Ordinario di Firenze, _X v Ministero dell\u2019 Interiore,_ E.R.G.\n6142/2019 [10 May 2023] and _X v Ministero dell\u2019 Interiore,_ E.R.G.\n2019/16935/2019 [3 May 2023] where the court recognized that\nflooding and ensuing loss of land contributed to the vulnerability of men\nwho had been trafficked and, in the absence of State protection, feared\nbeing targeted again by traffickers as members of a social group.\n\n23 UNHCR, [Guidelines on International Protection: \u201cInternal Flight or](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-4-internal-flight-or-relocation-alternative-within)\n[Relocation Alternative\u201d within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-4-internal-flight-or-relocation-alternative-within)\n[Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, UN](https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-4-internal-flight-or-relocation-alternative-within)\nDoc HCR/GIP/03/04 (23 July 2003), para. 25.\n\n24 _Ibid,_ para. 29.\n\n25 Borgarting Court of Appeal, [Abid Hassan Jama v. Utlendingsnemnda,](https://www.refworld.org/cases,NOR_BCA,4ea03dfa2.html))\nDecision of 23 September 2011.\n\n26 [OAU Convention Governing the Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36018.html)\n[in Africa (adopted 10 September 1969, entered into force 20 June 1974)](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36018.html)\n1001 UNTS 45, art. 1(2).\n\n27 [Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, Colloquium on the International](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html)\n[Protection of Refugees in Central America, Mexico and Panama,](https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html)\nadopted by the Colloquium, held at Cartagena, Colombia, 19\u201322\nNovember 1984, Conclusion III(3).\n\n28 On this notion, see Hansen-Lohrey, C., [Assessing serious disturbances to](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/651422634.pdf)\n[public order under the 1969 OAU Convention, including in the context](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/651422634.pdf)\n[of disasters, environmental degradation and the adverse efects of](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/651422634.pdf)\n[climate change, UNHCR PPLA/2023/01 (September 2023).](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/651422634.pdf)\n\n29 According to ibid, p. 21, 48 African countries and 14 Latin American\ncountries apply the wider refugee definition.\n\n30 See Hansen-Lohrey (n. 28); Adeola A., \u201cProtecting \u2018Climate Refugees\u2019\nUnder the OAU 1969 Refugee Convention\u201d in Adeola, A. and Mutua,\nM.W. (eds.), _The Palgrave Handbook of Democracy, Governance and Justice_\n_in Africa_ (Palgrave Macmillan 2022), p. 361; Marina Sharpe, _The Regional_\n_Law of Refugee Protection in Africa_ (Oxford University Press 2018), p. 50;\n[Weerasinghe (n 20); Wood, T., Protection and Disasters in the Horn of](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/190215_Technical_Paper_Tamara_Wood.pdf)\n[Africa \u2013 Norms and Practice for Addressing Cross-Border Displacement](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/190215_Technical_Paper_Tamara_Wood.pdf)\n[in Disaster Contexts, Nansen Initiative Technical Paper, 2013.](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/190215_Technical_Paper_Tamara_Wood.pdf)\n\n31 Weerasinghe (n 20), pp. 36-58.\n\n32 Cantor (n 17) p. 18. Weerasinghe (n 20), pp. 75-83.\n\n33 See, e.g., Article 15 of the [Qualifcation Directive.](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095)\n\n34 Human Rights Committee, _Teitiota v New Zealand,_ Communication No\n2728/2016 (7 January 2020), paras. 9.11-9.13.\n\n35 Ammer, M., Mayrhofer, M., Scott, M., [Synthesis Report - ClimMobil -](https://gmr.lbg.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2022/05/ClimMobil-Synthesis-Report-May-2022.pdf)\nJudicial and policy responses to climate change-related mobility in the\nEuropean Union with a focus on Austria and Sweden\u201d Ludwig Boltzmann\nInstitute and Raoul Wallenberg Institute, May 2022; Mayrhofer, M.\nand Ammer, M., [Climate mobility to Europe: The case of disaster](https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.990558)\n[displacement in Austrian asylum procedures, (2022) 4](https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.990558) _Frontiers in_\n_Climate_ ; Scissa, C., Biondi Dal Monte, F., Scott, M., Ammer, M., Mayrhofer,\nM., [Legal and Judicial Responses to Disas-ter Displacement in Italy,](https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/legal-and-judicial-responses-to-disaster-displacement-in-italy-austria-and-sweden/)\n[Austria and Sweden, V\u00f6lkerrechtsblog, 19.10.2022.](https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/legal-and-judicial-responses-to-disaster-displacement-in-italy-austria-and-sweden/)\n\n36 See VGH Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg A 11 S 2042/20 (17.12.2020) which\nrecognized that environmental conditions, such as the climate and\ndisasters are relevant factors for determining the humanitarian\nconditions in Afghanistan (para. 25), Similar, VGH Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg,\nA 13 S 3196/19 (16 December 2021) para. 57 ff (Somalia).\n\n37 See _Order no. 5022_ of the Corte di Cassazione of 2021 requiring courts\nto consider \u201cconditions of social, environmental or climatic degradation\n\u2026 which pose a serious risk to the survival of the individual\u201d when\nassessing claims under Article 19 of Decree no. 286/98 regarding\nexpulsion and rejection prohibitions.\n\n\n\n38 See [AC (Eritrea)[2023] NZIPT 802201\u2013202, in which the tribunal granted](https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/IPTV2/RefugeeProtection/ref_20231103_802201.pdf)\nthe elderly applicants from Eritrea protection because it was found that\ntheir living conditions upon return would expose them to a violation\nof their right to be free of inhuman treatment (Article 7 ICCPR). The\nreasoning included acknowledgment that climate change impacts,\nnotably drought and heavy rainfalls, compounded food insecurity.\n\n39 Division of International Protection, [Guidelines on Temporary Protection](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/guidelines-temporary-protection-or-stay-arrangements)\n[or Stay Arrangements, UNHCR, 2014, paras. 9 and 10, and footnote 9.](https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/guidelines-temporary-protection-or-stay-arrangements)\n\n40 See [Programma Especial de Visado Humanitario Ambiental, Global](https://globalcompactrefugees.org/good-practices/programa-especial-de-visado-humanitario-ambiental)\nCompact on Refugees.\n\n41 Scissa, C., An innovative analysis of Italy\u2019s protection against disaster\ndisplacement: Numbers and profiles of the beneficiaries, [RLI Blog, 5 May](https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2023/05/05/an-innovative-analysis-of-italys-protection-against-disaster-displacement-numbers-and-profiles-of-the-beneficiaries/)\n2023.\n\n42 Scissa C., [The Climate Changes, Should EU Migration Law Change as](https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/74753)\n[Well? Insights from Italy, (2022) 14(1)](https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/74753) _European Journal of Legal Studies_\n_5_, p. 21, summarizing Court of Cassation, I Civil Section, Order of 4\nFebruary 2020, n 2563.\n\n43 Regional Conference on Migration, Protection for Persons Moving Across\nBorders in the Context of Disasters, [A Guide to Efective Practices for](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/PROTECTION-FOR-PERSONS-MOVING-IN-THE-CONTEXT-OF-DISASTERS.pdf)\n[RCM Member Countries, Nansen Initiative, November 2016; Conferencia](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/PROTECTION-FOR-PERSONS-MOVING-IN-THE-CONTEXT-OF-DISASTERS.pdf)\nSuramericana sobre Migraciones, [Lineamientos regionales en materia](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CSM-Lineamientos-regionales-personas-desplazadas-por-desastres_compressed.pdf)\n[de protecci\u00f3n y asistencia a personas des-plazadas a trav\u00e9s de fronteras](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CSM-Lineamientos-regionales-personas-desplazadas-por-desastres_compressed.pdf)\n[y migrantes en pa\u00edses afectados por desastres de origen natural, CSM](https://disasterdisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CSM-Lineamientos-regionales-personas-desplazadas-por-desastres_compressed.pdf)\n2018.\n\n44 [Cantor, D.J. Environment, Mobility, and International Law: A New](https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol21/iss2/3/)\n[Approach in the Americas, (2021) 21(2)](https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol21/iss2/3/) _Chicago Journal of International_\n_Law 263,_ at pp. 306-308.\n\n45 _Ibid,_ p. 306, citing Ley No. 370, Ley de Migraci\u00f3n, art. 65, May 8, 2013\n(Bol.), per-ma.cc/P2EV-ECD7., art 4(16).\n\n46 See, e.g., Germany, Section 60(5) of the German [Residence Act in](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_aufenthg/)\nconjunction with Article 3 ECHR; Jamaica, Refugee Policy, 12(a)(iii),\n13(f), 2009 (leave to remain on \u201chumanitarian grounds\u201d); New Zealand,\nImmigration Act 2009, Section 207(1)(a) \u201cexceptional circumstances of\na humanitarian nature that would make it unjust or unduly harsh for the\nappellant to be deported from New Zealand\u201d).\n\n47 For example, in 2017, Argentina interpreted \u201chumanitarian\nconsiderations\u201d in its national migration law (Disposition No. E\n1143/2017, preamble, Mar. 15, 2017, [33588] B.O. 23 (Arg.)) to include\ndisaster-related considerations to regularize Haitians in the country\nfollowing the 2010 earthquake. See Cantor (n. 43), p. 306.\n\n48 Cour administrative d\u2019appel de Bordeaux (France), 2\u00e8me chambre, 18\nd\u00e9cembre 2020, 20BX02193, [20BX02195.](https://juricaf.org/arret/FRANCE-COURADMINISTRATIVEDAPPELDEBORDEAUX-20201218-20BX0219320BX02195)\n\n49 Fragoment, [Worldwide/T\u00fcrkiye: Relaxed Visa Requirements for Those](https://www.fragomen.com/insights/germanyeuropeturkiye-relaxed-visa-requirements-for-those-affected-by-earthquake.html)\n[Afected by Earthquake, 10 May 2023.](https://www.fragomen.com/insights/germanyeuropeturkiye-relaxed-visa-requirements-for-those-affected-by-earthquake.html)\n\n50 To date, such simulation exercises have been conducted between Costa\nRica and Panama, Colombia and Ecuador, Ethiopia and Kenya, and\nKenya and Uganda. For example, see Platform on Disaster Displacement,\n[Uganda and Kenya Conclude Simulation Exercise on Managing Cross-](https://disasterdisplacement.org/blog/2023/05/25/simulation-exercise-on-managing-cross-border-disaster-displacement/)\n[Border Disaster Displacement, 25 May 2023.](https://disasterdisplacement.org/blog/2023/05/25/simulation-exercise-on-managing-cross-border-disaster-displacement/)\n\n51 Wood, T., [The role of free movement agreements in addressing climate](https://www.fmreview.org/climate-crisis/wood)\n[mobility, (2022) 69 F](https://www.fmreview.org/climate-crisis/wood) _orced Migration Review 62,_ at 63. See also Wood\n(n 30).\n\n52 Francis, A., [Free Movement Agreements & Climate-Induced Migration: A](https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/62/)\n[Caribbean Case Study, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, September](https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/62/)\n2019.\n\n53 See, for example, Article 3 of the [Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union](https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/tuvalu/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union-treaty)\n[Agreement of 9 November 2023, which commits Australia to grant](https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/tuvalu/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union-treaty)\nresidency to citizens of Tuvalu. Ratification of the treaty may require\nparliamentary approval in both States before it comes into force.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GLOBAL COMPACT**\n**ON REFUGEES**\n\n\n**Paragraph 61.**\n\n\nMechanisms for the fair and efficient\ndetermination of individual international\nprotection claims provide an opportunity\nfor States to duly determine the status of\nthose on their territory in accordance with\ntheir applicable international and regional\nobligations (A/RES/72/150, para 51), in\na way which avoids protection gaps and\nenables all those in need of international\nprotection to find and enjoy it. In the context\nof large refugee movements, group-based\nprotection (such as prima facie recognition\nof refugee status) can assist in addressing\ninternational protection needs, where\nconsidered appropriate by the State.\n\n\n**Paragraph 63.**\n\n\nIn addition, where appropriate, stakeholders\nwith relevant mandates and expertise\nwill provide guidance and support for\nmeasures to address other protection and\nhumanitarian challenges. This could include\nmeasures to assist those forcibly displaced\nby natural disasters, taking into account\nnational laws and regional instruments\nas applicable, as well as practices such as\ntemporary protection and humanitarian\nstay arrangements, where appropriate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7e66fa6b-1b8d-48da-925d-8c07f1de998d/policy-brief-protection-of-persons-displaced-across-borders-in-the-context-of-disasters-and-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_876/raw/doc_876_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_876/raw/doc_876_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b2bf3747dc9fca651f50264857314b9c718faa90..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_876/raw/doc_876_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d57c9a1f-37a6-343c-956c-77131e2e7507/position_paper_defining_a_common_definition_of_vulnerability_marginalized_and_minority_groups_march_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d57c9a1f-37a6-343c-956c-77131e2e7507/position_paper_defining_a_common_definition_of_vulnerability_marginalized_and_minority_groups_march_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d57c9a1f-37a6-343c-956c-77131e2e7507/position_paper_defining_a_common_definition_of_vulnerability_marginalized_and_minority_groups_march_2021.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_877/raw/doc_877_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_877/raw/doc_877_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cef1868effca5c19ea5587bb1c68116660fcc1ab..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_877/raw/doc_877_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,369 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **May 2022**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **REPORT SUMMARY**\n\nThe conflict that broke out in November 2020 in the Tigray region and\nwhich has expanded into the Amhara and Afar regions since 2021, has\nhad serious political, social, and economic impacts on the North of\nEthiopia. The conflict has greatly impacted the lives of millions of\npeople, particularly, women and girls, persons with specific protection\nneeds, youth and minority groups.\n\n\nAs of December 2021, the Northern Ethiopia conflict accounted for\nmore than 50% of the IDP population across the country, displacing\nmore than 3 million people. As more people were forced to flee in\nsearch of safety and means of survival, their displacement has created\nor exacerbated protection risks and vulnerabilities among IDPs and\nhosting communities. There are concerns of various serious human\nrights violations committed against civilian populations including:\nunlawful killings; attacks on civilians; gender and conflict-related\nsexual violence; limited access to basic services; and family\nseparation.\n\n\nAcross the Northern region, an estimated 11.2 million people need\nhumanitarian assistance. Food insecurity, high malnutrition rates, the\ncollapse of the health system and scarcity of public services have led\nto negative coping strategies, including begging, child labour and\nincreased intimate partner violence.\n\n\nAccess constraints have changed in nature but have persisted\nthroughout the conflict, with changing levels of armed conflict,\ninsecurity and operational constraints. These have contributed to\nsuspension of activities of most humanitarian organisations, with\nlimited presence of some partners across the three regions, amidst\non-going displacements and IDP returns. Humanitarian needs for the\naffected populations continue to be extremely high in terms of\nseverity and scale, and the extent of protection risks.\n\n\n\n**Severity Scale of the Covered Geographical Areas**\n\n\n**KEY PROTECTION FIGURES**\n\n_Attack on civilian population:_ 3,994 casualties over the past 2 years.\n\n_People in Need (Protection):_ 3 million.\n\n_People reached:_ 250,000 out of 2.3 million people targeted in the sectors\nof CP, GBV, HLP, MA and Protection.\n\n_Funding:_ $67.3 M required for priority protection responses. As of 30\nApril, protection partners have received. $13.4 million. Funding gap is\n$53.9 M (80 %).\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Methodology**\n\n\nThis report has been developed through a desk review of data and\nreports from various sources including UNHCR Ethiopia Protection\nmonitoring reports, Inter-agency multi-sectoral reports and a\nProtection Integrated Rapid Assessment report of February 2022,\nhighlighting findings of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus\nGroup Discussions (FGDs) of the assessed location. Other sources are:\nOCHA Situation Reports, IOMDTM, HNO/HRP, WFP Countrywide\nMonthly Market Watch Bulletin, OHCHR-EHRC Joint Investigation\nTeam report, Human Rights Watch and ACAPS reports. Consultations\nwith Protection Clusters across the region was key to prioritization of\nthe protection risks.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nOperational constraints impacted data collection and conduct of\nhumanitarian activities required for gathering information among\nhumanitarian actors and local authorities. Verification of\ndisplacement figures is difficult given access constraints in conflict\naffected areas in Tigray, Amhara and Afar, fluid conflict lines and\nsimultaneous IDP returns.\n\n\n**1.** **CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\n\n**Security and operating environment**\n\n\nAfter withdrawal of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces ( ENDF)\nfrom Tigray in June 2021, fighting within Tigray substantially\ndecreased, although airstrikes and drone attacks remain a major\nthreat. Between June 2021 and March 2022, a number of airstrikes\nwere reported, resulting in deaths and damage to property. There is\nstill active conflict in the Western zone in Tigray and along the border\nareas with Eritrea. Further, insecurity along the Eastern zone border\nwith Eritrea, has recently led to new displacements to Adigrat and\nErob woredas.\n\n\n\nActive conflict along the Afar-Abala- Mekele corridor, and other\nsurrounding areas with Tigray, and restrictions at checkpoints\ncontinues to prevent the entry of humanitarian and commercial goods\nby road, severely limiting humanitarian response. All the Parties to\nthe Conflict have been implicated in setting up road blockades\ndelaying delivery of critical humanitarian supplies to Tigray.\n\n\nOn 24 March, the Government of Ethiopia declared an \u201cindefinite\nhumanitarian truce\u201d with the Tigrayan authorities accepting a\ntemporary cessation of hostilities in Afar. This was followed by\nwithdrawal of Tigray Forces from Afar on 12 April and resumption of\nhumanitarian convoys to Tigray on 14 April. Between 1 and 27 April, a\ntotal 142 trucks and 10 fuel tankers have entered Tigray - the first\nsince mid-December. According to the local authorities, regular aid\ndelivery of 100 trucks daily within \u201creasonable\u201d time is required to\nmeet current humanitarian needs. Thus, the relief supplies received\nso far remain far below what is needed. Airlifting of some critical relief\nsupplies that commenced in January is on-going with limited capacity,\nmainly to meet food, medicines and nutritional needs. Even with this\nprogress, limited cash and fuel in Tigray, continues to affect partners\u2019\ncapacity to respond to increasing humanitarian needs and protection\nrisks.\n\n\nDespite the marked reduction in fighting in Kilbati (Zone 2) and Fanti\n(Zone 4), following the agreement on humanitarian truce, the access\nsituation remains fragile with reports of looting of convoys by local\ncommunities at the end of March. The security situation remains\nextremely unstable with the duration and conditions of the truce\nremaining unclear.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the withdrawal of Tigray forces from Amhara region\nin December 2021, armed clashes continued in northern regions of\nAmhara in disputed woredas, causing more displacement in North\nwello, South Gondar and Wag Hamra, preventing humanitarian access\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Ethiopia Protection\nmonitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.9815459847450256, - "start": 22, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.891347348690033, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6655693054199219, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9152381420135498, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.644093930721283, - "start": 40, - "end": 41 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-agency multi-sectoral reports", - "confidence": 0.7326321005821228, - "start": 28, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6621571183204651, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Integrated Rapid Assessment report", - "confidence": 0.6230892539024353, - "start": 33, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.734400749206543, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the conflict-affected areas. Although no clashes have been reported\nacross Amhara since March, instability along the Tigray-Amhara\nborder persists and impacts humanitarian access.\n\n\n**Political and socio-economic landscape**\n\n\nIn December 2021, the Government established a Commission to\noversee a national dialogue process, and steer healing and\nreconciliation. However, the impact of the national dialogue process\non the operating environment in the near future remains to be seen.\n\n\nEthiopia\u2019s inflation has remained high for the past years. The\nSeptember 2021 general year-on-year inflation rate and year-on-year\nfood inflation increased by 34.8 % and 42.0% respectively, resulting\nin severe food access constraints. In the North, disruption of farming\nactivities due to conflict, coupled with a below average harvests from\nprevious seasons, have resulted in severe food insecurity. As a result,\nnine million people need food assistance across the three regions. [1]\nInflationary pressures have led to a fall in the value of the ETB\nresulting in significant increases in the cost of living and prices of basic\ncommodities. The prices of maize, sorghum, and wheat grain are 51%,\n39% and 21% higher respectively in Tigray and Afar. Imported items\nsuch as rice and edible oil are sold at prices that are 166% and 141%\nhigher respectively.\n\n\nThe massive destruction of infrastructure in the region as a result of\nthe conflict and access constraints have further exacerbated the\neconomic crisis. A severe lack of cash in Tigray region continues to\nimpact humanitarian operations, market functionalities and people\u2019s\nlivelihoods. Reports highlight increasing humanitarian needs in the\nthree regions and the need to scale up responses, particularly in terms\n\n\n1 ACAPS (April 2022).\n\n\n\nof food, nutritional supplies, medical supplies, education, adequate\nshelter, and WASH facilities.\n\n\n**Institutional, legal and normative frameworks**\n\n\nThe Constitution of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia, 1995, includes a\ncomprehensive bill of rights chapter (Chapter III) encompassing a\ndetailed catalogue of human rights recognized under international\nhuman rights law. Further, the Constitution declares all ratified\ninternational agreements to be an integral part of Ethiopian law and\nrequires the rights and freedoms recognized by the Constitution to be\ninterpreted consistently with the principles of the Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and international human rights\ninstruments adopted by Ethiopia.\n\n\nEthiopia signed the Kampala Convention in 2009 and completed the\ninternal process of ratification in 2019, although it has not yet\ndeposited the instrument of ratification with the African Union as\nrequired. The country currently is in the process of developing a\nnational legislation on IDPs in line with international and regional\nstandards, which would be an essential step towards the\nimplementation of the Kampala Convention.\n\n\nCoordination of protection and assistance to IDPs in Ethiopia currently\nfalls within the management of emergencies and is generally guided\nby the 2013 National Disaster Risk Management Policy whose\nobjective is to establish a comprehensive and coordinated disaster\nrisk management system, including saving lives, protecting\nlivelihoods, and ensuring that all disaster affected people are provided\nwith recovery and rehabilitation. The Ethiopia Disaster Risk\nManagement Commission (EDRMC) oversees disaster risk\nmanagement including humanitarian response coordination in\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collaboration with Government line ministries, regional authorities,\nand national and international humanitarian organizations through\nNational Incident Management mechanims, including Emergency\nCoordination Centers (ECCs) and Incident Command Posts (ICPs).\n\n\nFurther to the above, during the last quarter of 2021 the Federal\nGovernment of Ethiopia set up emergency management mechanims\nto coordinate humanitarian response. The additional layers of\ncoordination resulted in major operational challenges for\nhumanitarian partners in moving supplies to conflict affected areas.\nThis was followed by announcements by the Federal Government of\nEthiopia of new measures to facilitate humanitarian assistance in the\nNorth in January 2022.\n\n\nFollowing institutional review of roles and responsibilities for IDPs\nwithin the Government that commenced in October 2021, the\nRefugee and Return Service (RRS) is envisaged to assume some\nresponsibility in coordination of protection and assistance to IDPs;\nhowever, the scope of the role has not been determined yet. It is\nanticipated that this institutional reforms and legislative development\nwill accord the country a specific framework, and adequate capacities\nfor protection and assistance to IDPs, towards more principled and\nprotection-focused humanitarian actions.\n\n#### **2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n2.1. CURRENT THREATS TO THE POPULATION\n\n\n**2.1.1.** **Forced displacement**\n\nAs a result of fighting in the different regions, over three million\ncivilians have been displaced internally, while over 54,000 people fled\nto Sudan. Over 1.8 million civilians fled their homes in Tigray, at\ndifferent intervals. The Tigrayan population, in particular, was\nsignificantly affected by the forced displacement in Western Tigray.\n\n\n\nAccording to OCHA reports, as of 17 February 2022, more than\n1,440,000 IDPs, forced to flee from the Western zone, roughly 80% of\ntotal IDPs (1.8 million) in Tigray, were sheltering in North Western\nzone and are unable to return home due to insecurity. The forced\ndisplacement of ethnic Amharas from their homes by the Samri youth\ngroup with the support of the local administration in Maikadra in\nNovember 2020 was followed by widespread retaliatory forcible\ndisplacements of ethnic Tigrayans mainly in Western Tigray by\nAmhara Special Forces, Amhara militia, and Fano. The forced\ndisplacements were committed on a broad scale and without lawful\njustification.\n\n\nThe displacements caused by different groups in Amhara have\nexacerbated the existing tensions between ethnic groups in areas\nwhere they once lived together, and which is proving to be a challenge\nin efforts to return IDPs in safety to their previous residences. As of\nMarch 2022, there were over 329,323 new IDPs in the north of\nAmhara as a result of ethnic conflicts. In Afar, there are 336,582 IDPs\ndisplaced from Afar - Tigray border areas due to conflicts between\nthe Tigray Forces and Afar Special Forces. Reports indicate that 90%\nof the displaced are female, children, elderly and persons with\ndisabilities (PWDs).\n\n\nParties to the conflict failed to provide special protection to older\npersons and PWDs. There are reported incidents of direct attacks\nagainst older persons and PWDs, including physical assault and rape.\nReports also show that PWDs as well as other vulnerable groups\nwalked for long hours and even days to arrive in IDP sites. IDPs arrived\nat displacement locations traumatized, exhausted, at times, physically\ninjured or having experienced separation from family members, loss\nof homes, documentation, and other belongings. Many persons with\ndisabilities fleeing lost their assistive devices and face an on-going\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disadvantage. Older persons expressed a feeling of abandonment due\nto the conflict.\n\n\nSince the conflict started, 40% of IDPs reside in collective centres,\nsuch as schools and other facilities that serve as temporary shelters\nfor prolonged periods. These are often severely overcrowded, lacking\nadequate facilities. Access to adequate shelter is a major concern with\napprox. 40,000 households in Afar requiring emergency shelter and\nnon-food-items while more than 1.7 million people in conflictaffected areas in Amhara require emergency shelters . About 60 % of\nthe IDPs live with host communities, where scarcity of resources and\nlimited or lack of access to essential services can often lead to tensions\nbetween the IDPs and the host communities they live among, leading\nto violence.\n\n\nDespite on-going IDP returns in Amhara, Tigray and Afar, the\nhumanitarian environment remains challenging. Inadequate shelter,\nfood insecurity and deprivation of basic services, and lack of access\nto legal remedies to claim property rights, are all threats, likely to lead\nto secondary displacement and exacerbate gender inequalities.\n\n\n**2.1.2.** **Attack on civilian populations and other unlawful**\n\n**killings, and attacks on civilian infrastructure**\n\nThe conflict has been characterized by widespread disregard for rules\nof international law and lack of protection of civilians since it began in\nNovember 2020. Incidents of extreme brutality targeting civilians,\nhave continued to be reported in Tigray, Amhara and Afar. [2] There are\nreports of unlawful killings of civilians and destruction of civilian\nobjects enjoying special protection under international humanitarian\n\n\n2 United Nations Security Council (2022), Report of the Secretary General on\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\nlaw, including private houses, hospitals, health centres, schools,\nplaces of worship, and/or indiscriminate attacks against them. A total\nof 810 incidents of: armed attack, airstrikes and drone attacks,\nshelling, artillery, missile attack, sexual violence, violent\ndemonstration, explosive landmine and mass violence, have been\nrecorded in the Tigray, Amhara and Afar since Jan. 2020 with a total\nof 3994 fatalities.\n\n\n_Figure 1_ below show incidents recorded in Tigray region. The\nincidents, substantially led to forced displacement in Western Tigray\nwith effects of lack of basic necessities, including medical services and\nsupport with mental health services.\n\n\n_Figure 1_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure in Tigray region: Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Similarly, during the brief occupation of some parts of Amhara region\nby the Tigrayan forces in November 2021, schools, universities and\nmedical facilities lack essential equipment due to attacks, looting, and\nvandalizing of public infrastructures perpetrated by the Tigrayan\nforces. As a result, most of the facilities have stopped functioning,\npreventing civilians from accessing basic services. The incidents in\nAmhara region are shown in _Figure 2_ below.\n\n\n_Figure 2_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure in Amhara region: Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n\nThe incidents recorded by ACCLED are corroborated by reports of\nhumanitarian actors indicating that from 22 June 2021 to date,\nairstrikes and drone attacks in Tigray and Afar regions have resulted\nin over 1,070 civilian casualties, among them 387 deaths. According\nto humanitarian reports, 57 children (15%) are among those killed and\n80 children (12%) are among the wounded in Tigray and Afar as a\nresult of drone attacks and airstrikes. This situation was exacerbated\nby limited access to medical facilities caused by the damage and\nlooting of health facilities in the two regions as well as limited medical\nsupplies.\n\n\nAmong the reported\nincidents by humanitarian\nactors, is the killing or\ninjury of over 244 civilians\nby airstrikes in Tigray in\nJune 2021, while 12 civilian\ncasualties were recorded\nin July. It is reported that\nthe month of October\n2021 saw an increase in\nthe number of airstrikes\nand drone attacks in Tigray\nwith a total of 10\nincidents, resulting in 64\ndeaths or injuries.\n\nsignificant increase in _population and attacks on civilian_\ncivilian casualties, with _Infrastructure in Afar region: Source:_\n\nACCLED (2022)\n\n250 civilian deaths and\ninjuries reported in Tigray. During this period, two deadly incidents\noccurred in Alamata area, leading to death or injury of 153 civilians,\n49 of them being children.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The highest number of incidents was reported in January 2022, during\nwhich period 19 airstrikes and drone attacks led to more than 454\ncivilian casualties in Afar and Tigray (183 deaths and 271 injuries). Of\nthe said, was the deadly attack on Dedebit IDP site in Tigray that\nresulted in 59 deaths, 139 injuries and 44 critical injuries, and the\nairstrike in Mai Aini refugee camp that resulted in the death of three\nrefugees and injury of four others. During the month of January 2022,\non-going clashes at Abala in Afar region resulted in over 62 deaths or\ninjuries among IDPs reported to be travelling in public transport. The\ntotal number of incidents in Afar region as recorded by ACCLED is\nshown in _Figure 3_ above.\n\n\nLooting and destruction of objects indispensable to the survival of the\ncivilian population, including crops, foodstuffs, and livestock\ncontributed to lack of critical life-saving support, particularly in Tigray.\nFollowing the attacks, unexploded ordinance poses a high risk of\nkillings and maiming of civilians including children, and many roads\nand buildings are unsafe for civilian use and aid delivery.\n\n\n**2.1.3.** **Denial of life-saving and basic services**\n\nThe war resulted in damage to infrastructure, impacting delivery of\nlife-saving services. Access to critical services such as healthcare,\nportable water, adequate shelter and sanitation, has been\nsignificantly curtailed by looting and damage to public infrastructure.\nSecurity measures imposed in the conflict affected areas, active\nconflict and lack of functional local administrative bodies for\ncoordination have had serious implications on the population\u2019s access\nto basic services and to humanitarian assistance, causing many relief\norganisations to reduce or suspend life-saving operations.\n\n\n3 UNHCR (Jan 2022), Ethiopia Protection Monitoring Report for Afar region.\n4 OCHA (April 2022).\n\n\n\nIn Afar, access to health services and education is assessed as bad or\nvery bad at 100% by key informants. Access to water and sanitation is\nat 97% and 99% inaccessibility respectively. Access to food is bad or\nvery bad according to 92% of key informants. [3] An estimated 3.9\nmillion people in Tigray need access to healthcare and 10 million in\nAmhara. [4] Looting and destruction of health facilities in all parts of\nnorthern region, by parties to the conflict, and the lack of supplies and\nequipment has resulted in virtual collapse of healthcare services, with\na direct impact on the right to health of the civilian population.\nDespite efforts by humanitarian organisations to track water every\nday, more than 3.5 million people in Tigray need access to safe\ndrinking water [5] . Access to education, has been impacted across the\nregion for approx. 150,000 children in Afar, 1.8 million in Amhara, and\n160,000 in Tigray, due to schools being closed, damaged and/or\ndestroyed by conflict, or schools being used to host IDPs as well as lack\nof scholastic material.\n\n\nReports reveal that over 9 million people are in need of food\nassistance in the three regions. [6] In Tigray, key informants reported\nfood and health services as top needs of IDPs and returnees. Due to\nfood insecurity situation and highly constrained humanitarian access,\nhumanitarian response has not been able to meet populations\u2019\ngrowing needs, especially in terms of food exacerbating levels of\npoverty and hunger. In most IDP centers in Tigray there has not been\nfood distribution for prolonged period and deaths caused by\nstarvation have been reported by protection partners and health\ncentres. Humanitarian food assistance needs of 79.4% of populations\nhas not been met, in April 2022. For example, an inter-agency\nassessment at the end of March in Eastern zone, identified that IDPs\nfrom Erob residing in their communities and others in Adigrat are in\n\n\n5 OCHA (2021).\n6 ACAPS (April 2022).\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "urgent need of food assistance. [7] Over 27,000 IDPs in Adigrat have not\nreceived food assistance for nine months. [8] 32% of reported deaths in\nErob zone are due to lack of access to health services or hunger.\n\n\nTigray region recorded severe malnutrition increase of 266% in\nDecember, depicting a deteriorating humanitarian situation.\nParticularly, the nutritional needs of persons with special needs,\nwomen, teenage girls, children under the age of five and the elderly\namong the IDPs, have not been met. Reports from health facilities and\nIDP sites shows that significant number of mothers and children have\nsuffered from life-threatening malnutrition to the extent of death. The\nestimated number of children with severe acute malnutrition\nestimation increased from 56,000 in 2021 to 115,829 in 2022 in Tigray,\nwith similar trends observed in Amhara and Afar regions. Lack of food\nis forcing IDPs to resort to negative coping mechanisms which further\nexposes them to protection risks. There are reports of increased\nbegging in major towns, particularly among IDPs due to exhaustion of\ncoping mechanims.\n\n\nThe encampment policy imposed on Tigrayans IDPs in Afar and\nAmhara, creates consequences for their lives, health and well-being,\nin particular with regards to access to critical services including food,\nwater and referrals to primary health care. Also, lack of proper\npersonal identification documents prevents IDPs from travelling past\ncheckpoints and to move freely or find work.\n\n\nIn addition, lack of access to basic services such as electricity,\ncommunications, and banking services was seriously undermined as a\ndirect result of the actions of the parties to the conflict or indirectly as\n\n\n7 OCHA (April 2022).\n8 OCHA (April 2022).\n9 United Nations Security Council (2022) Report of the Secretary General on\nConflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\na result of failures to take measures to mitigate the impact of the\nconflict on civilian services and infrastructure. The consequences have\nsignificantly impacted the population\u2019s lives and livelihood. The\nvulnerability of the populations is further heightened particularly for\nthe at-risk groups.\n\n\nWomen and girls face multiple protection risks related to lack of\nmaterial needs leading to negative coping mechanisms. Particularly\nalarming are the reported instances of early marriage and school drop\nouts, both among girls and boys, as coping mechanisms that are\nsometimes or more commonly resorted to in Afar, Amhara and Tigray.\n\n\n**2.1.4.** **Gender and conflict-related sexual violence, and**\n\n**sexual exploitation and abuse**\n\nIncidents of conflict-related sexual violence have been reported since\nthe start of the conflict implicating all parties to the conflict. [9] Female\nIDPs who fled due to the conflict in Western zone allege a range of\nGBV concerns, including gang-rape by armed actors. [10] However, due\nto humanitarian access challenges, insecurity and lack of services to\naddress GBV, information documented does not capture the full scale\nand magnitude of the violations. As access improves, reports of GBV\nincidents among civilian populations, continue to emerge. For\nexample, a rapid assessment conducted by SWAN (Save the Children,\nWorld Vision, Action Against Hunger and Norwegian Refugee Council)\nconsortium in January 2022 in North Shewa, and North and South\nWollo zones of Amhara region reveals that 566 women and children,\nmainly girls were raped during the conflict, while data collected by the\n\n\n10 OCHA (Nov. 2021), Multisectoral Rapid Assessment in NW zone of Tigray\np.4\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Bureau of Women, Children and Social Affairs (BoWCSA) so far\nindicates 1328 GBV survivors in the region, 1254 women and 113\nchildren, who reported the incidents to the one stop centres and\nvarious health facilities.\n\n\nWomen and girls are also exposed to GBV when fleeing the conflict,\nand in some instances when fetching water from rivers due to\ndisruption of running water. Where humanitarian responses are\nunable to reach due to insecurity, the prevalence of GBV risks is high.\nThis is the case with some kebeles in Zequala (Wag Hamra), NorthKobo, and in Addi Arekay (North Gondar) as well as highly militarized\nworedas in Eastern zone of Tigray.\n\n\nEqually, the United Nations and the Ethiopian Human Rights\nCommission conducted a joint investigation covering the period from\nNovember 2020 to June 2021, with the subsequent report\nacknowledged by the Government of Ethiopia. The report\ndocumented different various acts of sexual and gender-based\nviolence including: physical violence and assault; attempted rape;\nrape including gang rape; and, intentional transmission of HIV,\ncommitted by all parties to the conflict, in particular against women\nand girls, for their perceived, alleged or actual association with parties\nto the conflict. [11]\n\n\nFurther, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\non Sexual Violence in Conflict expressed concerns over serious\n\n\n11 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Report on Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations\nof International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed\nby all Parties to the Conflict in the Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic\nRepublic of Ethiopia, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-Tigray-Report.pdf)\n[Tigray-Report.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OHCHR-EHRC-Tigray-Report.pdf)\n\n\n\nallegations of sexual violence in Tigray, Amhara and Afar, [12] following\nreports and evidence of an increase in GBV incidents since the conflict\nstarted. 57% of key informants in assessed site in Tigray reported the\ncommunity to be less safe for women and girls since the crisis\noccurred. Some key informants reported rapes perpetrated by armed\ngroups and intimate partner violence including rape as the main safety\nand security issue for adult women and girls. [13]\n\n\nReports indicate an increase in demand for services to address GBV.\nYet availability of the services remains limited due to insecurity and\nother factors such as lack of supplies. For example, displaced women\nand girls have been unable to access services in Western Tigray, where\nfew humanitarian actors operate. [14] Reports indicate that women and\ngirls are exposed to unwanted pregnancy, and some are infected with\nsexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Therefore, lack of access\nto quality specialized lifesaving GBV services, such as the Clinical\nManagement of Rape (CMR), caring for child survivors, psycho-social\nsupport (PSS), GBV case management and referral mechanism\ncompounds the effects of GBV on survivors. According to\nhumanitarian reports [15] only a minority of survivors can access Post\nExposure Prophylaxis (PEP ) kits and Sexually Transmitted Infections\n(STI) treatments, and even fewer have access to psychological\nsupport, due to a general lack of services, lack of awareness, fear of\nstigma and weak and /or non-existent referral systems. With the\nsupport of humanitarian partners, six one stop centers and three\n\n\n12 United Nations (Dec. 2021),Statement of SRSG, available at:\n[https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n[government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/.](https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/united-nations-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-and-chair-of-un-action-network-ms-pramila-patten-urges-the-government-of-ethiopia-to-promptly-sign-onto/)\n13 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment in Tigray.\n14 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Report, as above.\n15 OCHA (2022), Humanitarian Needs Overview.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "rehabilitation safe houses were opened in Tigray, two in Afar and\nthree in Amhara. However, humanitarian actors are still struggling to\nprovide necessary services to address GBV response needs. The\nexisting one-stop-centers remain limited, and are only available in\nmain towns and cities. They are under equipped or unable to provide\nservices due to the severe damages to health facilities and lack of\nsupplies and frontline service providers.\n\n\nMoreover, several reports point to an urgent need to address the\ngaps in services available to survivors of GBV. Services needed include\nClinical Management of Rape (CMR), caring for child survivors, GBV\nCase Management, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Support\n(MHPSS), sexual reproductive health, and treatment of traumatic\nfistula as well as support for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic\nstress. Information from the one stop centers in Tigray indicated that\nmajority of survivors sought services late, often while pregnant and\nseeking safe abortion or other sexual and reproductive health\nservices.\n\n\nThe conflict has also led to disruptions of GBV response mechanims,\ninstitutions and support structures. The Government has initiated\ntrials to prosecute cases of sexual violence, following the Joint\nInvestigation report, in order to complement efforts to provide\nredress to survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and ensure\naccountability. However, this effort may be hindered as the judicial\nsystem in Tigray has not been functioning since the beginning of the\nconflict, creating a gap in legal response for many survivors seeking\nlegal redress. The safety and security services offered by the police\nhave not been functioning since the conflict started, heightening the\nrisk for women and girls. Reports show that GBV survivors\u2019 referrals\n\n\n16 OCHA (2022) Humanitarian Response Overview.\n\n\n\nto the informal justice system are commonly unsuccessful, due to\ndiscrimination against female survivors.\n\n\nFactors contributing to GBV against women and girls during\ndisplacement include overcrowding in IDP sites, due to lack of\nadequate shelter and inability to meet basic needs. For example, a\ngender analysis in Tigray by IRC found that due to women\u2019s lack of\naccess to food and sources of cash to meet basic needs, female IDPs\nparticularly, single female headed households- are involved in survival\nsex as a coping mechanism, with reports of increased risks of domestic\nviolence.\n\n\n**2.1.5.** **Forced family and child separation**\n\nThe conflict has resulted in large-scale displacements, increasing risks\nof family separation and high incidences of unaccompanied and\nseparated children. Children represent 57% of the population\ndisplaced by conflict, insecurity, and natural hazards in most regions\nof Ethiopia. In Tigray, an estimated 792,316 children are displaced,\nout of 1,814284 people, [16] further degrading the child protection\nenvironment which was already weak. In Amhara, the displaced\npopulation increased from 350,827 in 2021 to 1,515,248, with 34% of\nthe population being children. Likewise, it is estimated that children\nmake up more than half of the displaced population in Afar.\n\n\nIn Tigray, an estimated 846 000 children (94%) are living in IDPs sites\nwithout access to comprehensive child protection services. Reports\nindicate that around 62% of the children live in areas where\nprotection services are not available. Currently, only 29% of targeted\nworedas in Tigray region have been reached with comprehensive child\nprotection services. In 45% of villages, no education facility is\navailable. For the villages without education facilities, 25 % are more\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "than 3 km away, and nine percent are more than 6 km away from the\nvillage, with increased risks related to long travel distances to schools.\n\n\nThousands of children are separated from their families as a result of\nthe conflict presenting a critical threat to their protection and wellbeing. According to global information, separation greatly enhances\nexisting trauma and stress. Key informants (21%) in the assessed site\nin Tigray reported separation to be the top protection risk to children.\nOther protection threats are mental health and psychological distress\n(20%), lack of access to education (16%), child labour (15%) and\nphysical and emotional maltreatment (13%). [17] Over 9,330\nunaccompanied and separated children living in IDP sites and host\ncommunities have been identified as of March 2022 in Tigray. [18] The\nheavy caseload of UASC in the very nascent alternate care system in\nTigray has resulted in a tendency of the government to resort to nonfamily based residential care for large numbers of UASC. Besides,\ngovernment and child protection actors require greater technical\nsupport in case management, mental health and psychosocial support\nas well as institutional capacity building in order to meet the needs\nand demands of an overwhelming yet growing caseload. However,\nrestricted access to fuel and communication networks has reduced\npartners' capacity to reach and regularly monitor the care, safety and\nliving situation of separated children and whether their basic needs\nare being met; and negatively impacted family re-unification efforts.\n\n\nKey informants in assessed site in Tigray region [19] reported that\nchildren are exposed to protection risks including: child labor (52%),\nhazardous forms of child labour(30%) and greater risk of transactional\nsex (4%) for adolescent girls. Unaccompanied and separated children\nconstitute one of the most vulnerable groups in IDP settings. Global\n\n\n17 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment Report\nTigray.\n18 UNICEF(2022), Advocacy Brief on UASC in Tigray region.\n\n\n\nreports indicate that separated children or children living with\ncaregivers are exceptionally vulnerable to sexual abuse, violence,\nchild trafficking, exploitation and neglect. 10% of respondents\nreported a change in caregivers attitude by paying less attention to\nchildren\u2019s needs. It was noted that caregivers are stressed due to lack\nof food (24%), lost livelihood (16%), effects of the conflict (15%), not\nbeing able to return home (15%) and being separated from their\ncommunities(13%), thus affecting their capacity to give attention to\nthe children under their care. In Debre Berhan, Amhara region, there\nwere some 304 unaccompanied and separated children residing in 12\nIDP sites, under kinship and foster families. A multi-sectoral report of\n7 April, shows that in Afar many children were separated from their\nfamilies during flight resulting in significant number of\nunaccompanied and separated children living in kinship\narrangements. [20]\n\n\nThere is need to enhance the family and caregiving environment\nthrough provision of material support, parenting classes and\npsychosocial support for families besides strengthening child\nprotection programming through expanding actors to the host\ncommunity.\n\n\n**2.1.6.** **Abduction, kidnapping, forced disappearance and**\n\n**arbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention**\n\nThere is credible evidence to the effect that all parties to the conflict\nengaged in arbitrary detentions, abductions, and enforced\n\n\n19 Protection Cluster (Feb.2022), Integrated Rapid Assessment Report,\nabove.\n20 OCHA (2022), Joint multi-sectoral Assessment Report.\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Rapid Assessment Report", - "confidence": 0.7823057770729065, - "start": 357, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Global\n\n\n17 Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9685146808624268, - "start": 347, - "end": 351 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Tigray region", - "confidence": 0.7046026587486267, - "start": 374, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9812907576560974, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "multi-sectoral report", - "confidence": 0.9791960716247559, - "start": 519, - "end": 521 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.785477340221405, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afar", - "confidence": 0.583885133266449, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "7 April", - "confidence": 0.7849549651145935, - "start": 522, - "end": 524 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.8014581203460693, - "start": 502, - "end": 506 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Integrated Rapid Assessment Report", - "confidence": 0.895832896232605, - "start": 655, - "end": 659 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5450646281242371, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9654993414878845, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disappearances [21] . Although available data [22] between 2020 \u2013 March\n2022, records 11 abduction and forced disappearances and 16\narbitrary or unlawful arrest and/or detention incidents, there are\nextensive reports of human rights violations implicating all parties to\nthe conflict. [23] The ENDF, EDF, Fano (affiliated to the Amhara militia),\nTSF and affiliated militia, and the Samri (local Tigrayan youth group),\nare all implicated of committing unlawful killings. [24]\n\n\nReports indicate that in Tigray and other parts of Ethiopia, individuals\nwere arrested by the ENDF and the federal police for perceived\naffiliation with the TPLF and kept incommunicado for long periods\nwithout formal charges or legal proceedings. Likewise, at the\nbeginning of the conflict, Tigray forces detained civilians mostly of\nAmhara origin, for perceived support to the federal government.\nMany were released or managed to escape, some were killed, and\nothers disappeared.\n\n\nA multi-sectoral assessment carried out in NW Tigray in November\n2021 revealed that Amhara forces were rounding up and expelling\nTigrayans from Western zone, on ground of their ethnicity. IDPs who\nparticipated in Focus Group Discussions reported that they were\ndetained for several months under harsh conditions. The IDPs\nreported a mass detention campaign in Western zone that led to\nsimultaneous detention, violence and killings of male and female\naged between 15-50 in several area of West Tigray. [25] Many of the\nassessed families were separated from family members after\n\n\n21 OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Team Report.\n22 The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)(2022),\n[available at: https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/](https://acleddata.com/data-export-tool/)\n23 United Nations Security Council (2022), Report of the Secretary General\non Conflict-Related Sexual Violence p. 22, available at:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N2229371.pdf)\n\n\n\ndetention, while some were forced to leave their children in detention\nfacilities, and were living in anxiety.\n\n\nThere are also credible reports of arbitrary or unlawful arrest and\ndetention, abduction, forced disappearance and kidnapping, and\nother abuses committed by authorities against ethnic Tigrayans in\nEthiopia\u2019s capital, Addis Ababa. [26] Some IDPs from Western Tigray lost\ntheir Kebele ID cards during detention or had deliberately destroyed\nthem to avoid being identified as Tigrayans in Western zone since the\nconflict started. These actions continue to restrict Tigrayans\u2019 freedom\nof movement, while enforced disappearances are making the forcibly\ndisappeared more vulnerable to torture, extrajudicial execution, and\nother abuses.\n\n\n2.2. EFFECTS ON POPULATION\n\n**i.** **The attacks on civilians resulted in loss of life, injury and mental**\n**trauma,** for survivors of airstrikes and drone attacks and their\nfamilies. This also increased distress to survivors\u2019 families and\nlocal communities due to loss of shelter and livelihoods, as well as\nincreased exposure to violence and exploitation, for women and\nchildren.\n\n**ii.** **The separation of children from families and communities**\nexacerbates psychological distress especially for unaccompanied\nand separated children. Unaddressed, psychosocial distress in\n\n\n24OHCR-EHRC (2021), Joint Investigation Report.\n25 OCHA ( Nov. 2021 ), Multi-sectoral Rapid Assessment in NW zone Tigray.\n26 Human Rights Watch(2021 _),_ Ethiopia, Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly\n[Disappeared, available at: Ethiopia: Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly Disappeared |](https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/18/ethiopia-ethnic-tigrayans-forcibly-disappeared)\n[Human Rights Watch (hrw.org).](https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/18/ethiopia-ethnic-tigrayans-forcibly-disappeared)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children can in turn lead to harmful coping mechanisms, including\nself-isolation, self-harm, and thoughts of suicide.\n\n\n**iii.** **Trends in gender and conflict-related sexual violence**, including\nearly marriage, partner violence and survival sex reported\nindicate that women and girls are disproportionately affected by\nthe conflict, raising both physical and psychosocial harm, as well\nas health issues.\n\n\n**iv.** **Freedom of movement decreased** for fear of attacks, arrests and\ndetention. In Amhara and Afar region, encampment and\nmovement restrictions apply especially to Tigrayan IDPs. The\nfailure of government authorities to issue identification cards to\nIDPs also creates fear of arrest and detention.\n\n**v.** **Protection monitoring and assessment highlight barriers to**\n**accessing services,** due to lack of proper registration and\nidentification cards, with severe negative impacts to persons with\nchronic illnesses, children and pregnant women, thus increasing\nprotection risks .\n\n\n2.3. EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS PROTECTION RISKS\n\n\n**2.3.1.** **Expansion of protection services and newly**\n\n**accessible areas**\n\nThe coverage of child protection and SGBV services remain low in all\nregions, due to security reasons and other reasons such as lack of cash\nand fuel, that limit partner presence in some areas. However,\nimproved access since December 2021 in parts of Amhara, Tigray and\nAfar, allows for resumption of humanitarian assistance in previous\nhard to reach areas. This provides opportunities to expand protection\nservices and scale up critical SGBV and child protection services.\nIncreasing the number of one-stop-centers should also enhance\n\n\n\naccessibility to services for survivors. The provision of multi-purpose\ncash assistance will enable IDPs to meet basic needs.\n\n\n**2.3.2.** **Capacities of government institutions and local**\n\n**actors**\nA great opportunity is the existence of the regional government\ninstitutions for protection services, including the Bureau for Women,\nChildren and Social Affairs in the three regions, and local actors whose\nfunctioning can be supported through capacity building.\n\n\n**2.3.3.** **Community-based protection**\n\nCommunity-based protection structures continue to play an\nimportant role in information sharing on available services and access\nto the services. To support survivors of GBV, community members\nmostly escort survivors to counsellors and health centers and comfort\nthem within their community. Some IDPs seem to be able to organize\nrecreational and/or educational activities for children. Some of the\nskills IDPs in the assessed site in Tigray possess are: teaching (32%),\norganizing collective activities for children (19%), teaching children\nwith learning difficulties (17%), supporting distressed children (14%)\nand keeping children safe (10%). Community members also volunteer\nto take care of unaccompanied and separated children. In this case,\nincreasing women and girls\u2019 safe spaces and community centers\nwould result in better access to provision of services.\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **3. RESPONSE**\n\n##### 3.1. Operation context including access issues\n\n**3.1.1.** **Humanitarian access**\n\n\n_Figure 4_ below shows the spread of security incidents over the past\naffecting civilian populations, including humanitarian staff and\noperations over the past two year.\n\n\n_Figure 4_ : _Incidents affecting civilian population and attacks_\n_on civilian infrastructure by incident month. Source:_ ACCLED (2022)\n\n\n**3.1.2.** **Operational constraints**\n\nHumanitarian partners continue to do their utmost to implement\nactivities despite operational constraints. Across Tigray, limited cash\nand lack of banking services and telecommunications remain major\noperating constraints impending the ability of humanitarian\norganisations to deliver aid in a timely manner. Once the supplies\nreach Tigray, fuel shortage impacts the distributions.\n\n\n##### 3.2. Population reached by protection partners\n\nAs of February 2022, 32 protection partners are responding to the\nprotection needs of over 3 million people in need in north Ethiopia.\nApproximately 250,000 people were reached in January and February\n2022. 79% of persons reached are from Tigray and mainly in major\ntowns of Axum, Maichew, Adwa and Mekelle, hosted in IDP sites. 80%\nof protection services were GBV prevention and risk mitigation,\nawareness raising and MHPSS.\n\n\n_Figure 5:_ _Protection Cluster coverage and people reached. Source:_ 5Ws\n(Jan - Feb 2022)\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **4. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n**To Donors and Member States**\n\n1. **Strengthen** protection monitoring, vulnerability screening, case\n\nmanagement and referral, and victim assistance by increasing\nfunding allocation to Protection partners implementing the\nactivities.\n\n2. **Strengthen** access to protection and equitable multi-sectoral\n\nservices delivery through increased funding for humanitarian\norganisations providing services to affected populations to\nmitigate protection risks by ensuring:\n\n`o` Improved service provision, including food assistance, better\n\naccess to health, education, nutrition, and water and\nsanitation, to meet the existing needs and to reduce and\nmitigate protection risks.\n\n`o` Prioritized consistent, multi-year funding for child protection\n\ninterventions, focusing on scaling up interventions targeting\nthe large caseload of UASC, and other children at risk.\n\n`o` Longer-term flexible and multi-year funding dedicated for\n\nGBV coordination programming to increase number of GBV\npartners responding in the regions in view of the increased\nand widespread GBV risks.\n\n`o` Flexible funding processes to provide funding mechanisms\n\ncapable of supporting complementary activities in view of the\nvolatility of the assessed risks.\n\n`o` Adequate funding for community-based protection structures\n\nand responders at local levels.\n\n3. **Strengthen** protection of civilian populations to avert loss of\n\nlives and mental trauma for affected populations through:\n\n\n\n\n`o` Support to establishment of civil-military coordination\n\nmechanims to minimize risks to civilian populations, as well\nas to civilian infrastructure, which is critical to the delivery of\nhumanitarian aid.\n\n`o` Advancing solutions to displacement across the nexus to\n\nimprove on social cohesion and conflict prevention.\n\n4. **Support** scaling up projects for livelihoods for resilience building\n\nthrough available funding mechanims where these are available.\n\n\n**To HCT and Humanitarian Partners**\n\n\n1. **Enhance engagement** in advocacy with Parties to the Conflict on\n\nimproved operating environment through removal of restrictions\nto better facilitate humanitarian aid in the North, and on\nhumanitarian access to provide life-saving support.\n\n2. **Increase** the advocacy concerning protection of civilians, including\n\nthe need for precautionary measures to prevent civilian casualties\nand attacks on civilian infrastructure, preserving their civilian\nnature and avoiding placing any military assets nearby IDP and\nrefugee sites.\n\n3. **Ensure** the centrality of protection across all sectors in the\n\nhumanitarian response through mainstreaming and integrating\nprotection in other sectors in order to mitigate the effects of the\ncrisis on populations.\n\n\n4. **Ensure** addressing of the urgent gaps in services available to\n\nsurvivors of GBV, persons with disabilities, and separated and\nother children at risk, by expanding services delivery.\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5. **Increase** multi-purpose cash distribution where possible\nto contribute to sectoral outcomes in protection, health, WASH,\nshelter, food security, nutrition, and education, and overall\nreduction of protection risks.\n\n\n6. **Build capacities** of humanitarian partners to identify potentially\n\nat-risk individuals and to provide multi-sectoral responses to\nincreased protection risks by:\n\n`o` Investing in capacity building and training for front-line\n\nresponders, including providing them with psychosocial\nsupport to avert secondary trauma.\n\n`o` Support flexible funding for community-led initiatives and\n\nlocal partners to reach populations in remote locations.\n\n\n7. **Advocate** for Mine Action access to conduct threat assessment\n\nand explosive ordnance risk education for at-risk populations, in\nlight of increased movement of people in the region and IDP\nreturns.\n\n8. **Ensure** available services and assistance are not arbitrarily denied\n\non the ground of lack of documentation and are available to atrisk groups.\n\n9. **Mainstream** Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse\n\n(PSEA) and Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) in all\naspects of the humanitarian response, ensuring all humanitarian\nactors are accountable for their actions and uphold the highest\nstandards of conduct.\n\n10. **Continue** monitoring, documenting and addressing cases of\n\nserious human rights violations and their effect on the most\nvulnerable persons and groups.\n\n\n\n11. **Ensure** integration and mainstreaming of GBV within other\n\nsectoral interventions informed by robust sectoral GBV and\nGender analysis.\n\n\n12. **Advocate** for investment in livelihood interventions for women\n\nand girls to address negative coping mechanisms such as survival\nsex, child marriages, and to ease re-integration of GBV survivors.\n\n**To the Parties to the Conflict**\n\n\n1. **Adhere** to obligations under international law to facilitate safe\n\nand unhindered humanitarian access, and ensure protection of\ncivilians and civilian infrastructure.\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2c7acb1d-6b87-4ca6-9f1d-244f80828322/protection-analysis-update_northern-ethiopia-response_-final-6-may-2022-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_878/raw/doc_878_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_878/raw/doc_878_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 88791f744c2775bc49cd449be3deff5dcc442573..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_878/raw/doc_878_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NIGER** **Analyse de Protection**\n\n### **NOVEMBRE 2023**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n### **R\u00c9SUM\u00c9**\n\n\nLe Niger \u00e0 l\u2019instar de certains pays du\nsahel est \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des crises\nmultidimensionnelles qui\ncontinuent d\u2019infliger des\ncons\u00e9quences consid\u00e9rables sur les\nconditions de vie des populations.\nLes vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s\ncontinuent \u00e0 s\u2019accroitre ; impact\nd\u2019un cocktail form\u00e9 de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et\nde violences des GANE, la crise\nclimatique, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\nauquel s\u2019ajoute une crise politique\navec des sanctions \u00e9conomiques\ndepuis le coup d\u2019Etat du 26 juillet\n2023. Ces diff\u00e9rents chocs\ncontribuent \u00e0 une \u00e9rosion de la\nprotection des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nCompar\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente,\nl\u2019environnement de protection n\u2019a\npas connu d\u2019am\u00e9lioration sur les 3\npremiers trimestres de 2023. Les\nexactions des GANE se sont\nmultipli\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions de\nTillab\u00e9ry, Diffa, Tahoua et Maradi et ont mis plus de 700,000 personnes en situation de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 [i] \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du\npays mais aussi des mouvements transfrontaliers de personnes fuyant les violences au Nigeria, Burkina, au Mali et Tchad et\ndes expulsions en provenance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.\n\n\nCes violences ont fragilis\u00e9 la coh\u00e9sion sociale particuli\u00e8rement dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry avec des s\u00e9ries de repr\u00e9sailles\nr\u00e9sultant \u00e0 des violations graves y compris des pertes en vie humaines. Par cons\u00e9quent, on observe une augmentation du\nnombre de d\u00e9partement ayant un niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de besoins de protection qui est pass\u00e9 de 5 d\u00e9partements en\n2022 \u00e0 10 d\u00e9partements en octobre 2023 [ii] .\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente note couvre la p\u00e9riode de **janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023.** Elle base son analyse sur des donn\u00e9es primaires et\nsecondaires y compris une analyse collective de 12 organisations du cluster protection et AoR. Elle met en lumi\u00e8re les\nprincipales menaces de protection afin de mobiliser les partenaires de l\u2019Etat, de d\u00e9veloppement et la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire pour renforcer les actions de pr\u00e9vention, att\u00e9nuation de risques et de r\u00e9ponse aux probl\u00e9matiques de protection\naffectant de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente les femmes, les enfants et les hommes. L\u2019analyse collective de protection a identifi\u00e9 5 menaces\nde protection majeures :\n\n\n**1.** **Les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre : mariages forc\u00e9s/pr\u00e9coces, violences conjugales, violences sexuelles,**\n**2.** **Les attaques contre des civils, les biens \u00e0 caract\u00e8re civil, les homicides ill\u00e9gaux, et engins explosifs,**\n**3.** **Le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9,**\n**4.** **Vol, extorsion des biens et les risques d\u2019expulsions forc\u00e9es,**\n**5.** **Les menaces d\u2019enl\u00e8vements de personnes, la disparition forc\u00e9e, et les arrestations de personnes**\n\n\n**ACTIONS URGENTES**\n\n\n1. Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources pour soutenir l\u2019achat et d\u00e9ploiement des kits de protection d\u2019urgence [iii], les\n\nservices de protection [iv] et les m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection ;\n2. Intensifier le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s et bailleurs de fonds pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019aide humanitaire afin\n\nd\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la protection par les sanctions \u00e9conomiques ;\n3. Accroitre les actions communautaires de plaidoyer pour le respect du DIH aupr\u00e8s des GANE ainsi que la sensibilisation\n\ndes autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tatiques en vue de maintenir un acc\u00e8s humanitaire permanent.\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n### **CONTEXTE**\n\n\n\n**INCIDENTS**\n\n**DE**\n**PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n**PERSONNES**\n\n**DEPLACEES**\n\n**INTERNES**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n**DE L\u2019ENFANT**\n\n\n\n**VIOLENCES**\n**BASEES SUR**\n\n**LE GENRE**\n\n\n\n**ATTAQUES**\n\n**CONTRE**\n**CIVILES ET**\n\n\n\n**ENGINS**\n**EXPLOSIFS**\n\n\n\n**RISQUES**\n**D\u2019EXPULSION**\n\n**FORCEES**\n\n\n\n**BIENS**\n## 2,726 [v] 404,000 173,000 92 845 50 29,000\n\n\n\nincidents de\n\nprotection\n\n\n\n\n\ncas de mariage\n\n\n\nPlus d\u2019incidents\nincidents\npr\u00e9coce EE\n\n\n\nPDI sur 31 sites\nEE\n\n\n\n\n\nenfants \u00e0 risque\n\nde d\u00e9tresse\npsychologique\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDe janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023, le Niger subit diff\u00e9rents chocs incluant principalement les conflits arm\u00e9s, les catastrophes\nnaturelles, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et une r\u00e9cente crise politique. Les conflits arm\u00e9s caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par des exactions de GANE\ncontre les civils ont mis plus de 700,000 personnes en situation de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9. Ceci comprend 251 760 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nrefugies, 404,000 PDI [vi], 50,377 retourn\u00e9es dont 83% sont de femmes et des filles.\n\n\n\nLes populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force sont\nprincipalement dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry,\nDiffa, Tahoua et Maradi. Les catastrophes\nnaturelles marqu\u00e9es par les inondations [vii] ont\nfait plus de 161,000 personnes sinistr\u00e9es avec\nplus de 14,000 maisons, greniers et boutiques\neffondr\u00e9es, plus de 3,000 b\u00e9tails tu\u00e9s. Selon une\nanalyse du cluster s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire [viii], plus de\n3,3 millions de personnes sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire aigue (Phase 3 et 4).\n\n\n\n\n\nA cette situation s\u2019ajoutent les sanctions\n\u00e9conomiques r\u00e9sultant de la nouvelle crise\npolitique : fermeture des fronti\u00e8res avec certains\npays de la CEDEAO, arr\u00eats des transaction\nfinanci\u00e8res, suspension de l\u2019aide au\nd\u00e9veloppement par un grand nombre de\npartenaire. Par cons\u00e9quent, le taux de pauvret\u00e9\nextr\u00eame pourrait atteindre 44.1%, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire\nplus 700,000 en situation d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 en 2023 [ix] et une augmentation de m\u00e9nages faisant recourt \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies\nd\u2019adaptation de niveau urgence a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 par le Cluster Protection.\n\n\nLes chocs cit\u00e9s ci-dessus ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 exacerber les menaces de protection au Niger. L\u2019environnement de protection est\nprincipalement marqu\u00e9 par les incursions multiples des GANE dans le Liptako Gourma, le Nord-ouest du Nigeria et dans le\nbassin du lac Tchad. Malgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par l\u2019Etat et ses partenaires, la situation s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9e pr\u00e9occupante\ndans certaines localit\u00e9s des r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry, Tahoua, Diffa et Maradi. Une augmentation nette des incidents s\u00e9curitaires a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 2022 et au d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e 2023, avec une moyenne qui est rest\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure dans les mois\nqui ont suivi compar\u00e9 \u00e0 2022 _(Cf Fig1)_ . Ces incidents incluent des affrontements arm\u00e9s, des actes de terrorisme et de\ncriminalit\u00e9s affectant principalement certaines localit\u00e9s des r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry, Diffa, Tahoua et Maradi.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n\nPar cons\u00e9quent, 2,726 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9e de janvier a Sep 2023. Cela ne permet pas de\nconclure \u00e0 une am\u00e9lioration de la situation de protection\na la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2022 ou environ 2,805 incidents ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. Ces incidents ont fait plus de 4,800\nvictimes dont des enfants (3%), des femmes (17%) et des\nhommes (80%). Les victimes ont subi plusieurs formes de\nviolations dont les principales sont les vols et extorsions\nde biens/b\u00e9tail de la population civile, des enl\u00e8vements et\nenr\u00f4lements de personnes, des meurtres et assassinats de\npersonnes, des violences sexuelles et mariage pr\u00e9coce,\ndes agressions physiques mais aussi des incidents li\u00e9s aux\nengins explosifs (EE).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### population dans les r\u00e9gions Tillab\u00e9ry, Diffa, Tahoua et Maradi. Certaines zones affect\u00e9es par la recrudescence des violences de GANE restent inaccessibles avec des\n\ncentaines d\u2019\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es sous la menace des GANE mettant plus de 80,000 enfants [xi] dans le d\u00e9ni du droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation. La\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nforte concentration des PDI dans certaines\nlocalit\u00e9s continuent de cr\u00e9er une pression sur\nles ressources naturelles des communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil et a un potentiel risque de tension\nintercommunautaire, des risques d\u2019expulsion\nforc\u00e9e de PDI. Malgr\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rents efforts, les\nconditions de vie de nombreuses personnes en\nsituations de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et les familles\nd\u2019accueil restent pr\u00e9caires et pourront\naugmenter certains risques de protection\nnotamment pour les femmes, enfants et\nhommes vuln\u00e9rables surtout dans le contexte\nde la nouvelle crise politique et des sanctions\n\u00e9conomiques.\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Fig2: Evolution mensuelle des incidents de protection en 2023
387 388
304 295 313 304
246 258 259
Janvier Fevrier Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Aout Septembre|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Janvier
Fevrier
Mars|Avril
Mai
Juin|Juillet
Aout
Septembre|Juillet
Aout
Septembre|\n|||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n### **RISQUES DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nL\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection ainsi que l\u2019analyse collective de la situation de protection men\u00e9es par les\nacteurs de protection ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation de protection au Niger\naffectent consid\u00e9rablement les femmes et les filles du fait de l\u2019exacerbation des risques de VBG que peuvent entrainer les\nautres incidents de protection [xii] pr\u00e9dominant dans les 4 r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es. Selon le sous cluster VBG, 2 156 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nrapport\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023 dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa (41%), Tahoua (21%), Tillab\u00e9ry (18%), Zinder (10%) et Maradi\n(10%). La majorit\u00e9 des survivantes sont des femmes et des adolescentes auxquelles s\u2019ajoute un nombre non n\u00e9gligeable de\npetits enfants (0 \u00e0 11 ans/2%). Les survivantes ont subi plusieurs types de VBG y compris les d\u00e9nis de ressources (31%), le\nmariage pr\u00e9coce (27%) et les violences psychologiques (12%) et de viol (8%). Les donn\u00e9es ici \u00e9tant bas\u00e9es sur l\u2019offre de services\nsont limit\u00e9es du fait de l\u2019insuffisance des services VBG, la peur de repr\u00e9sailles et les pesanteurs socio culturelles qui constituent\ntant d\u2019obstacle \u00e0 des milliers de survivantes de VBG d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux services de prise en charge. Cela peut s\u2019expliquer par\nl\u2019analyse [xiii] des entretiens de perception communautaires qui d\u00e9montre qu\u2019en mois d\u2019aout 2023, 23% des personnes\nenqu\u00eat\u00e9es affirment avoir constat\u00e9 une augmentation du nombre de cas de VBG au sein de leur communaut\u00e9 au cours des 30\nderniers jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019enqu\u00eate contre 19% en juillet 2023.\n\n\nAu Niger, le mariage d\u2019enfant est non seulement li\u00e9 aux pratiques culturelles n\u00e9fastes mais aussi pour des raisons\n\u00e9conomiques. Plusieurs sont les filles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9scolaris\u00e9es et donn\u00e9es en mariage pour soulager les charges des parents\net obtenir en \u00e9change des biens mat\u00e9riels et financiers. De plusieurs consultations avec les partenaires de protection, il ressort\nque plusieurs facteurs y compris la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages, la d\u00e9scolarisation des filles, la non-implication des filles dans la\nprise la d\u00e9cision dans le m\u00e9nage contribuent \u00e0 exposer consid\u00e9rablement les filles aux risques de mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9e [xiv] .\nToutefois, la disponibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es fiables pour montrer l\u2019ampleur des mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9 reste un d\u00e9fi majeur.\nCependant, au regard des diff\u00e9rents chocs et des nouvelles sanctions \u00e9conomiques, le risque de mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9 est\nexacerb\u00e9 et peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019adaptation au cout \u00e9lev\u00e9e de la vie au milieu d\u2019une pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame,\nd\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et de l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\n\nLes donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection indiquent 91 cas de mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9 de janvier \u00e0 Sept 2023. L\u2019analyse de ces\ndonn\u00e9es a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le nombre de cas de mariage pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9 a augment\u00e9e de 60% au 2eme trimestre compar\u00e9e au 1 [er]\ntrimestre et a connu une baisse de 35% au troisi\u00e8me trimestre. Plut\u00f4t qu'une r\u00e9elle diminution des cas, cette baisse pourrait\n\u00eatre due \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de l'acc\u00e8s aux communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es et de l'acc\u00e8s des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es aux services VBG du\nfait des mesures de restriction de l'acc\u00e8s humanitaire r\u00e9sultant des bouleversements politiques au Niger depuis le 26 juillet.\n\n\nD\u2019ailleurs, l\u2019analyse de l\u2019impact des sanctions li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette crise r\u00e9v\u00e8le une situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 inqui\u00e9tante. En effet avec le\nrisque d\u2019aggravation du niveau de pauvret\u00e9 [xv] suite aux sanctions \u00e9conomiques et, la flamb\u00e9e des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires,\nle nombre de m\u00e9nages faisant recourt \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation de niveau urgence [xvi] en mati\u00e8re de moyens de subsistance\na consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9. Selon le PAM, ces strat\u00e9gies incluent la Pratique de la mendicit\u00e9, vente d\u2019animaux femelles,\nvente de maisons ou de terres. Ces strat\u00e9gies peuvent aussi inclure une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la violence conjugale, le sexe de\nsurvie, et les mariages pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9e auxquelles des centaines de milliers de filles au regard de la pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame qui\npourrait s\u2019installer, la poursuite des exactions des GANE qui abime progressivement les moyens de subsistance, la fermeture\ndes centaines d\u2019\u00e9coles mettant plus 40,000 filles en dehors du syst\u00e8me scolaire.\n\n\nEn plus du mariage pr\u00e9coce/force, d\u2019autres formes de VBG demeurent extr\u00eamement inqui\u00e9tant. Les enl\u00e8vements des femmes\net des filles par les GANE et les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es aux conflits deviennent de plus en plus r\u00e9currentes particuli\u00e8rement\ndans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. A cet effet, il demeure crucial de renforcer les sensibilisations sur le DIH pour les parties en conflit, les\nmesures de r\u00e9duction de risques de VBG et investir davantage dans l\u2019offre de services aux survivants de VBG dans le contexte\nde crise multidimensionnelle au Niger caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par les conflits arm\u00e9s, la crise politique, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les\ncatastrophes naturelles. Tous ceux-ci \u00e9tant des facteurs pouvant d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer la protection des femmes et des filles parmi les\nPDI, refugi\u00e9es, migrants et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n\nLes civils continuent d\u2019essuyer les lourdes cons\u00e9quences des attaques de GANE dans les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions. En effet, 31% des\n2,726 incidents de protection rapport\u00e9es de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023 sont des attaques contre les civiles et les biens a\ncaract\u00e8re civiles se traduisant par des agressions physiques, assassinat/meurtres, des incendies volontaires des \u00e9coles et de\ndomicile, ainsi que des attaques contre les infrastructures sanitaires. L\u2019analyse de ces donn\u00e9es r\u00e9v\u00e8le que cette tendance des\nattaques contre les civiles s\u2019est renforc\u00e9e et est pass\u00e9e de 27% au 1 [er] trimestre a 33 et 32 % au 2eme et 3eme trimestre 2023.\n\n\nTout au long des 3 derniers trimestres, des s\u00e9ries d\u2019assassinats des civiles par les GANE, des s\u00e9ries de repr\u00e9sailles contre des\ncommunaut\u00e9s suspect\u00e9es \u00eatre des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE ont provoqu\u00e9 des conflits intercommunautaires tragiques qui se sont\nsoldes par la mort des dizaines d\u2019hommes, de femmes, d\u2019enfants parfois des violences sexuelles particuli\u00e8rement dans la\nr\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry. Par cons\u00e9quent, plusieurs vingtaines de milliers de personnes majoritairement des femmes et des enfants\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint \u00e0 fuir les violences des GANE dans leurs localit\u00e9s pour trouver refuge dans d\u2019autres localit\u00e9s estim\u00e9es plus\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9es.\n\n\nQuant aux agressions physiques, assassinats et meurtres par les GANE, elles ont pour la plus part de fois cibl\u00e9 les leaders\ncommunautaires, leurs associ\u00e9s ou membres de la famille pour plusieurs raisons [xvii] dont la suspicion de collaboration avec les\nFDS, suspicion de mise en place des jeunes en comit\u00e9 d'autod\u00e9fense, le refus d\u2019obtemp\u00e9rer aux ordres des GANE (pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement\nill\u00e9gale de taxe), etc. ces attaques ont pour la plupart de fois causer une psychose aux seins des communaut\u00e9s et causer la\nrelocalisation des certains leaders menac\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9gions les plus affect\u00e9es par cette tendance sont Tillab\u00e9ry, Maradi et\nTahoua.\n\n\nEn outre, plus d\u2019une quinzaine d\u2019incidents de protection contre l\u2019\u00e9ducation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 juillet 2023 en\nmajorit\u00e9 a Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa ou les GANE ont plusieurs fois incendi\u00e9es des \u00e9coles avec les mat\u00e9riels didactiques et intim\u00e9e la\nfermeture d\u2019autres avec des menaces sur le personnel enseignant. Par cons\u00e9quent, plus de 900 \u00e9coles sont ferm\u00e9es en raison\nde l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 principalement dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry et dans une moindre mesure a Tahoua et Diffa. On d\u00e9plore plus de\n80,000 enfants affect\u00e9es par cette fermeture des \u00e9coles leur privant de leurs droits fondamentaux d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation.\nL\u2019impact sur la protection r\u00e9sultant de cette situation s\u2019av\u00e8re r\u00e9el et inqui\u00e9tant en particulier dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par\nune crise socio politique et \u00e9conomique. En effet, l\u2019insuffisance d\u2019alternatives d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour ces enfants, les\nconditions de vie pr\u00e9caire pour les familles dans les zones affect\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 mettent ces enfants en proie aux risques\nde mariage pr\u00e9coces, de sexe de survie, d\u2019exploitation et le risque d\u2019enr\u00f4lement aux GANE. Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de mendicit\u00e9 par\nles enfants, de prostitution de filles deviennent de plus en plus visibles dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Diffa, Tahoua).\n\n\nOn ne peut pas aussi ignorer la tendance des attaques contre les infrastructures sanitaires qui semble prendre de l\u2019ampleur\ncette ann\u00e9es. Pr\u00e8s de 10 incidents de protection ont atteint les infrastructures sanitaires. Ces incidents sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\ntraduits par des actes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de personnel et mat\u00e9riel m\u00e9dical tels les l\u2019ambulance, le pillage des m\u00e9dicaments dans\nr\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa ou enregistre d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de la majorit\u00e9 des 700,000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de forces (PDI, refugi\u00e9es).\nSi cette tendance persiste, de plus en plus de personnes vuln\u00e9rables y compris des femmes et des enfants pourront \u00eatre\ncoup\u00e9es de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur droit fondamental d\u2019obtenir des services soins de sant\u00e9.\n\n\nA l'ensemble de ces menaces s'ajoutent celle cr\u00e9\u00e9e par l'usage et la pr\u00e9sence d'Engins Explosifs (EE) qui prend de plus en plus\nd\u2019ampleur au Niger avec des impacts consid\u00e9rables sur les civiles. Compar\u00e9 au 1er trimestre 2023, le nombre d\u2019incidents EE a\ndoubl\u00e9 au 2eme trimestre de 2023 (24 incidents) et continuent d\u2019\u00eatre une source de pr\u00e9occupation majeure pour la protection\ndes civiles. En effet, cette menace affecte davantage les civils car sur 132 victimes [xviii] et survivants enregistr\u00e9es au 1 [er] semestre\n2023, 52% sont des personnes civiles (tu\u00e9s ou bless\u00e9s). Le pourcentage des civils tu\u00e9s est presque le double de celui des\nmilitaires tu\u00e9s, ce qui montre que la menace p\u00e8se davantage sur les civils que les militaires, souvent pourtant premi\u00e8re cible\nde ces engins. Cela traduit la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les actions de lutte anti-mines au sein des communaut\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa. Au-del\u00e0 la peur qu\u2019inflige la menace des EE, elle affecte aussi l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de\nsubsistance car dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et Tillab\u00e9ry, 56% des personnes enqu\u00eat\u00e9es [xix] d\u00e9clarent rencontrer des restrictions de\nmobilit\u00e9 dont l\u2019une des principales raisons \u00e9tant la pr\u00e9sence des EE. Cela limite consid\u00e9rablement le ravitaillement p\u00e9riodique\ndes m\u00e9nages en moyens de subsistances et biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et renforce leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire. Il est crucial\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n\nd\u2019investir davantage dans les actions de lutte anti-mines pour renforcer l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques li\u00e9s aux EE, renforcer la\ncoordination, et l\u2019assistance aux victimes.\n\n### RISQUE 3 D\u00e9placement forc\u00e9\n\n\nLa situation de protection au Niger continue d\u2019\u00eatre marqu\u00e9e par les menaces et incursions des GANE qui reprochent souvent\naux communaut\u00e9s d\u2019avoir collabor\u00e9e avec les FDS pour l\u2019arrestation ou la neutralisation de certains de leurs membres.\nS\u2019ensuivent d\u00e9sormais des \u00e9pisodes d\u2019assassinats et enl\u00e8vements cibl\u00e9s et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s des personnes et de biens par les GANE.\nAu sein de certaines communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par cette situation s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un sentiment d\u2019autod\u00e9fense ayant conduit \u00e0\ndes conflits intercommunautaires tragiques particuli\u00e8rement dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry ou certaines communaut\u00e9s\nsuspect\u00e9e appartenir aux GANE ont fait l\u2019objet d\u2019attaques par les communaut\u00e9s victimes des exactions des GANE. Ainsi se\nconstruit une s\u00e9rie de repr\u00e9sailles des GANE donnant souvent des ultimatums allant de 2 \u00e0 5 jours \u00e0 certaines populations de\nquitter leurs villages sous peines d\u2019\u00eatre attaqu\u00e9es.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse insuffisante de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019acc\u00e8s a la justice ont pouss\u00e9 plus de 80,000 personnes [xx] \u00e0 fuir les violences des GANE\net les conflits intercommunautaires de janvier a Aout 2023. Ces populations proviennent principalement des r\u00e9gions de\nTillab\u00e9ry et Diffa et dans une moindre mesure mais non n\u00e9gligeable les r\u00e9gions de Tahoua et Maradi. Les plus r\u00e9cents\nimportants d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s remontent \u00e0 juillet et Aout 2023 o\u00f9 plus de 23,000 PDI se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les\nd\u00e9partements de Say, Torodi, Makalondi et plus de 17,300 PDI a Ayorou et Bankilare fuyant les exactions des GANE et les\nconflits intercommunautaires. Ceci vient augmenter le nombre de PDI qui \u00e9tait de 404,000 personnes au mois de juillet 2023.\n\n\nUne multitude d\u2019\u00e9valuation multisectorielle et d\u2019\u00e9valuation rapide de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par les acteurs RRM et font\netat de besoins humanitaires dans plusieurs secteurs. Les PDI accueillis dans des localit\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragilis\u00e9es par la pauvret\u00e9 et\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, la crise politique et \u00e9conomique, vivent dans des conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9s aux abris ad\u00e9quats, l\u2019insuffisance des\nlatrines et de points d\u2019eau potable. Il arrive souvent que certaines PDI s\u2019approvisionnent soit \u00e0 des sources d\u2019eau impures [xxi]\nsoit a des points d\u2019eau \u00e9loign\u00e9es les exposant a des risques de protection important. Il en est de m\u00eame pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux vivres\net a la sante qui n\u2019est pas toujours gratuit pour les PDI mais aussi la rupture avec l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour des dizaines de milliers\nd\u2019enfants de PDI et communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentes.\n\n\nL\u2019exp\u00e9rience des atrocit\u00e9s des GANE dont t\u00e9moignent la plupart des PDI y compris des enfants combin\u00e9s aux conditions de vie\npr\u00e9caire dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil leur infligent une d\u00e9tresse psychologique consid\u00e9rable qui m\u00e9rite une attention\nparticuli\u00e8re dans toutes les interventions humanitaires et de stabilisation. Il est plus que n\u00e9cessaire de renforcer la\nprogrammation en sant\u00e9 mentale et soutien psychosocial dans les diff\u00e9rentes interventions humanitaires afin d\u2019att\u00e9nuer\nl\u2019impact psychologiques des violences des GANE, et du d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9.\n\n### \u00ab Ils ont emport\u00e9 nos b\u00e9tails, ils ont d\u00e9truit tous nos biens. Nous sommes venus \u00e0 pied et n\u2019avons pas pu emporter quoique ce soit. Bon nombre de nos proches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9s sans qu\u2019on ait pu les enterrer dignement. Nous sommes compl\u00e9tement d\u00e9sempar\u00e9s. Nous avons besoin d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s sur un site et voir nos conditions de vie s\u2019am\u00e9liorer\u201d\n\n_T\u00e9moignage de Habi, une femme PDI ayant trouv\u00e9 refuge dans une \u00e9cole \u00e0 Torodi_\n\n### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion des biens et les risques d\u2019expulsions forc\u00e9es\n\n\nLa situation de protection reste marqu\u00e9e par les multiples incidents de vol et extorsions de biens mais \u00e9galement des risques\nimportants d\u2019expulsion forc\u00e9es des PDI. Environ 40% de 2,226 incidents de protection rapportes de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023\nsont des incidents de vol et extorsion de biens. Pour la p\u00e9riode en revue, la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua est la plus affect\u00e9e par les\nincidents de vol et extorsion de biens enregistrant 40% du total des incidents rapport\u00e9s dans les 4 r\u00e9gions. Elle est suivie par\nla r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry (25%) et Maradi (20%).\n\n\nLes incidents de vol et extorsion de bien se caract\u00e9rise tr\u00e8s souvent par les enl\u00e8vements de b\u00e9tails, l\u2019imposition de paiement\nde la zakat (taxe ill\u00e9gale). Cela amenuit consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience de la plupart des populations dans les\nr\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es car l\u2019\u00e9levage des b\u00e9tails \u00e9tant une source principale de leur revenu. On assiste alors \u00e0 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n\nprogressive des moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es dans un contexte d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, d\u2019inondation\nfr\u00e9quente dans certaines localit\u00e9s et de la nouvelle crise politique et \u00e9conomique qui frappent le Niger depuis le 26 juillet.\nAvec la nouvelle flamb\u00e9e des prix de denr\u00e9es alimentaires, la poursuite des incidents de vol et extorsion de biens par les GANE\nne peut qu\u2019augmenter davantage les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s des m\u00e9nages expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire forte. Cette situation\npourrait favoriser l\u2019apparition d\u2019autres menaces de protection tels que les mariages pr\u00e9coce/forc\u00e9s, le sexe de survie, la\nviolence conjugale pour les femmes et les filles, le travail des enfants, les enl\u00e8vements pour ran\u00e7ons, la mendicit\u00e9 et\nl\u2019enr\u00f4lement des gar\u00e7ons et hommes au rang des GANE. La r\u00e9ponse aux incidents de vol et extorsion de biens reste limit\u00e9e et\nles victimes ; pour la plupart, dans une d\u00e9tresse psychologique et \u00e9conomique sont laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 leur sort a l\u2019image des retourn\u00e9es\nde Teguey (r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry) trouvant leur biens (biens non-vivres, b\u00e9tail et stocks alimentaires) pill\u00e9s \u00e0 leur retour [xxii] .\n\n\nEn outre, dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, l\u2019installation prolong\u00e9e des PDI sur certaines terres commence \u00e9galement \u00e0 susciter des\nm\u00e9contentements chez des propri\u00e9taires terriens, comme dans certaines localit\u00e9s \u00e0 Tahoua, Tillab\u00e9ry o\u00f9 des propri\u00e9taires\nterriens ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9clamer leurs terres. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente indique que plus de 29,000 PDI [xxiii] principalement \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ry\net Tahoua sur 31 sites ont subi des menaces d\u2019expulsion les 6 derniers mois et sont \u00e0 risque d\u2019expulsions forc\u00e9es. Il est crucial\nde renforcer le dialogue communautaire et appuyer le plaidoyer pour la mise en place des espaces de transit et d\u2019accueil des\nPDI dans le plan de d\u00e9veloppement communautaire et le sch\u00e9ma foncier.\n\n### RISQUE 5 Mutilations et blessures graves dues aux engins explosifs\n\n\nLe paysage de protection au Niger est aussi marqu\u00e9 par les enl\u00e8vements des personnes par les GANE. Environ 345 incidents\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement de personnes par les GANE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2023 repr\u00e9sentants 15% du nombre total\ndes incident de protection. La r\u00e9gion de Diffa est la plus affect\u00e9e enregistrant 63% des incidents des incidents d\u2019enl\u00e8vement\ndes personnes, suivi par la r\u00e9gion de Maradi (21%). Ces incidents d\u2019enl\u00e8vement affectent en majorit\u00e9 les hommes adultes.\nCependant, de plus en plus de femmes et filles font aussi l\u2019objet d\u2019enl\u00e8vement par les GANE dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. Pour la\nplupart de ces enl\u00e8vements, des ran\u00e7ons sont demand\u00e9es par les GANE pour la lib\u00e9ration des personnes. Parfois la poursuite\ndes GANE par les FDS les contraint a abandonner derri\u00e8re eux les personnes enlev\u00e9es soient en vie ou parfois tu\u00e9es. A Diffa,\nles populations ont tendance \u00e0 croire que les filles non mari\u00e9es sont de plus en plus cibl\u00e9es par les enl\u00e8vements et s\u2019adonnent\n\u00e0 des pratiques de mariage pr\u00e9coce en vue de prot\u00e9ger les filles contre le risque d\u2019enl\u00e8vement.\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les incidents d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de personnes affectent plus les personnes nanties, les d\u00e9tenteurs de b\u00e9tail/les\n\u00e9leveurs, les op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques ainsi que les leaders communautaires et leurs proches refusant d\u2019obtemp\u00e9rer aux\ninjonctions des GANE. Les personnes cibl\u00e9es sont souvent d\u00e9positaires d\u2019un maillon important de protection : la subsistance\npour les communaut\u00e9s et la gestion locale des affaires communautaires. Cela continue de cr\u00e9er un stress et une peur\nconsid\u00e9rable au sein des communaut\u00e9s et parfois certaines personnes cibl\u00e9es sont forc\u00e9es \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements\ninternes/relocalisation et tarde \u00e0 retourner sur leur terroir car la menace pourrait encore persister. A cela il faut \u00e9galement\najouter que des enl\u00e8vements de personnel m\u00e9dical ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de fois constat\u00e9e dans certaines r\u00e9gions tel que Tillab\u00e9ry et\nn\u00e9cessite \u00e9galement une attention particuli\u00e8re.\n\n\nIl est important de noter aussi que ce risque de protection pourrait \u00eatre exacerb\u00e9 dans les mois \u00e0 venir du fait de\nl\u2019accroissement de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9sultant de la nouvelle crise politique et les sanctions \u00e9conomiques\ncontre le Niger. Une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9voit que le taux de pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame pourrait atteindre 44.1%, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire plus 700,000\npourraient tomber en situation d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 en 2023 [xxiv] . Des mesures concr\u00e8tes doivent \u00eatre anticip\u00e9es afin d\u2019\u00e9viter\nune exacerbation des risques de protection li\u00e9es \u00e0 ces sanctions.\n\n\nL\u2019intensification des op\u00e9rations militaires et des incursions de GANE continuent de provoquer des vagues de d\u00e9placements\nforc\u00e9s transfrontalier et interne. Des soup\u00e7ons d\u2019appartenances, et d\u2019infiltration des GANE parmi des PDI et de demandeurs\nd\u2019asile a parfois expos\u00e9 ces personnes \u00e0 des fouilles militaires et des arrestations de masse comme celle ayant eu lieu \u00e0 T\u00e9ra\n(r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry) en mois de juin dernier. Avec la nouvelle crise politique et la recrudescence des op\u00e9rations militaires et\nGANE, le manque de documentation civile due \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement civil limit\u00e9 et la perte lors des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s pour la\nmajorit\u00e9 des PDI, demandeurs d\u2019asile, le risque d\u2019arrestations des personnes pourraient s\u2019augmenter. Il est important de\nrenforcer les sensibilisations sur le caract\u00e8re civile des sites de PDI, la gestion des sites de PDI ainsi que l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la\ndocumentation civile.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n### **R\u00c9PONSE**\n\n\n**PROGR\u00c8S R\u00c9ALIS\u00c9S EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nLa r\u00e9ponse de protection est assur\u00e9e par les acteurs de l\u2019Etat, les ONG, les Nations Unies avec l\u2019appui de diff\u00e9rents bailleurs.\nSous le leadership du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action humanitaire et de la gestion de catastrophes une strat\u00e9gie de solutions durables\npour les PDI a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e. Les interventions des partenaires du cluster protection et les sous clusters ont pu atteindre\n264,000 personnes (soit 32% de la cible de 2023) avec un faible niveau de financement (31%). En collaboration avec les sous\nclusters, une [Cartographie des services de Protection VBG PE LTB LAM _ Niger 2023 et](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYTRlMWRhNjYtYjU2Yi00MGJlLWFhNTgtMmNkMGE4YzQ5MTU3IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9) [Circuits de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement du Cluster](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ce8-lm0z96sWSJF5cosCujQtdV0Z8rkf)\n[Protection et Sous cluster 2023](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ce8-lm0z96sWSJF5cosCujQtdV0Z8rkf) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e et diss\u00e9min\u00e9es aux partenaires humanitaires au Niger. Malgr\u00e9 une\npr\u00e9sence des acteurs de protection dans la plupart des localit\u00e9s affect\u00e9es, des gaps importants sont rapport\u00e9s sont relev\u00e9es\ndans diff\u00e9rentes interventions. Ces lacunes sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans les activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation pour la\nprotection y compris la protection de l\u2019Enfance, les risques des engins explosifs, les actions de coh\u00e9sion sociale, la\ndocumentation civile, le cash pour la protection, et le soutien psychosociale et sant\u00e9 mentale pour les enfants, femmes et\nhommes vuln\u00e9rables afin de pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9pondre aux traumatismes inflig\u00e9s par les exactions des GANE.\nOn note \u00e9galement un faible acc\u00e8s aux services de protection pour les enfants vuln\u00e9rables (ENA, ES, EVVS) dans un contexte\nou plus de la moiti\u00e9 des personnes Quelques indicateurs cl\u00e9s- r\u00e9ponse de protection au 30 sept 2023\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont des enfants. Il en est de\nm\u00eame pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux espaces sur pour\nles femmes et les filles et les kits de dignit\u00e9\nqui restent fortement limit\u00e9s dans les\nzones de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9es et qui\nlimiteraient l\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes et des\nfilles aux services de gestion de cas de VBG.\nLes programmes d\u2019assistance\nmultisectorielle aux victimes des engins\nexplosifs sont quasi inexistants au Niger\npar faute de financement limitant\nfortement les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9silience des\ncentaines de victimes et de leur famille\ndans les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es par la\nmenace des engins explosifs. Des besoins\nd\u2019appui \u00e0 la coordination des interventions de lutte anti-mines, et acc\u00e8s aux logements terres et biens sont consid\u00e9rables\net entrave l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse aux engins explosifs et aux probl\u00e9matiques d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux logement terres et biens a des\ncentaines de milliers de populations dans les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es.\nIl \u00e9galement important de maintenir et renforcer le plaidoyer pour la protection au niveau local, national et global avec les\nacteurs de l\u2019\u00e9tat, les acteurs humanitaires afin de renforcer les services de protection, la protection des civiles. Ce plaidoyer\nest \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire pour renforcer les conditions propices aux solutions durables pour les PDI et favoriser le respect\nde la dignit\u00e9, l\u2019autod\u00e9termination des personnes affect\u00e9es et la jouissance de leur droits humains fondamentaux et du droit\ninternational humanitaire. Ceci afin de permettre un acc\u00e8s humanitaire permanent particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones\nd\u2019op\u00e9rations militaires dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry, Diffa, Maradi et Tahoua et r\u00e9duire les cons\u00e9quences des incidents de\nprotection sur les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n### **RECOMMANDATIONS** RISQUE 1 Les VBG : les mariage force/pr\u00e9coce, violence conjugale, violences sexuelle\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Intensifier le plaidoyer pour renforcer la mise en en place des services de prise en charge des VBG particuli\u00e8rement l\u2019appui\npsychosocial et la gestion de cas de VBG, la prise en charge m\u00e9dicale, l\u2019autonomisation socio-\u00e9conomiques des femmes\net des filles ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des espaces surs \u00e0 l\u2019usage des femmes et des filles.\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer pour l\u2019adoption du projet de code p\u00e9nal relu int\u00e9grant les questions de VBG et la relecture du code\nde proc\u00e9dures p\u00e9nales visant \u00e0 op\u00e9rationnaliser les mesures figurant dans le code p\u00e9nal.\n\n- Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s techniques des prestataires de services afin d\u2019assurer une prise en charge de qualit\u00e9 aux\nsurvivantes de VBG.\n\n- Renforcer les interventions mobiles pour apporter une r\u00e9ponse VBG aux communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es dans les zones difficiles\nd\u2019acc\u00e8s et la diss\u00e9mination de la cartographie des services VBG aux diff\u00e9rents partenaires et aux communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es\n\n- Renforcer les appuis techniques en VBG aux r\u00e9seaux communautaires y compris les leaders coutumier et religieux,\nautorit\u00e9s locales, association des femmes et des jeunes afin de cr\u00e9er et mettre en \u0153uvre des strat\u00e9gies communautaires\nde pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse au VBG.\n\n- Renforcer les actions de r\u00e9duction de risque VBG dans les interventions de diff\u00e9rents clusters et la programmation\nconjointe avec les secteurs : la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la sante, l\u2019\u00e9ducation, Nutrition etc\n\n\n**DONATEURS**\n\n\n- Renforcer la sensibilisation, plaidoyer pour le respect du DIH afin de r\u00e9duire les risques d\u2019attaques contre les civiles, la\ntendance des attaques contre l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les infrastructures de sante.\n\n- Appuyer la mobilisation des ressources pour mettre \u00e0 \u00e9chelle les activit\u00e9s de lutte anti-mines dans les r\u00e9gions de Diffa et\nTillab\u00e9ry avec un focus sur le renforcement des activit\u00e9s d\u2019Education aux risques des engins explosifs (EE), l\u2019assistance aux\nvictimes des EE, le d\u00e9minage humanitaire, la coordination et le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s sur la lutte anti-mines.\n\n- Accentuer l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux risques de la circulation des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre (ALPC).\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me de partage et d\u2019analyse de l\u2019information sur les attaques contre l\u2019Education, les infrastructures de\nsante, les incidents li\u00e9s aux EE.\n\n### RISQUE 3 Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre li\u00e9e au conflit et violence intime entre partenaire\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Accroitre la disponibilit\u00e9 et le d\u00e9ploiement des kits de protection d\u2019urgencexxv y compris les kits de dignit\u00e9, le cash pour\nla protection, les kits r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs pour les enfants et les kits post viols et des \u00e9quipes mobile de protection afin de r\u00e9pondre\naux besoins urgents de protection particuli\u00e8rement dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et Diffa.\n\n- Renforcer les initiatives d\u2019\u00e9ducation en urgence, les opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019autonomisation socio\u00e9conomiques des jeunes afin de\nr\u00e9duire leur exposition aux menaces multiples de protection dans les zones d\u2019accueil.\n\n- Intensifier les interventions de sant\u00e9 mentale et soutien psychosocial aux populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force y compris les\npersonnes victimes d\u2019incident de protection.\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NIGER** | Novembre 2023\n\n\n**Le CORDONNATEUR DE L\u2019ACTION HUMANITAIRE et la COMMUNAUT\u00c9 HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Renforcer l\u2019appui technique et financier a la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi national 2018-74 sur la protection et l\u2019assistance aux\nPDI avec l\u2019accent sur l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation de la strat\u00e9gie des solutions durables pour les PDI et la synergie entre les acteurs\nhumanitaires, d\u00e9veloppement et de paix\n\n- Renforcer la protection transversale : sensibilisation sur la protection et la sauvegarde avant chaque distribution et\nprioriser les plus vuln\u00e9rables\n\n### RISQUE 4 Vol, extorsion des biens et les risques d\u2019expulsions forc\u00e9es\n\n\n**Le CORDONNATEUR DE L\u2019ACTION HUMANITAIRE et la COMMUNAUT\u00c9 HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes et de leurs biens, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les victimes des incidents de protection.\n\n- Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s locales et coutumi\u00e8res pour faciliter la d\u00e9signation des sites d'accueil pour les PDI ainsi que\nle dialogue communautaire et assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation a toutes les PDI afin de r\u00e9duire les risques d\u2019\u00e9viction forc\u00e9es\nen particulier dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry, Tahoua et Diffa.\n\n- Plaidoyer pour la prise en compte des questions de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9s dans les textes en cours d\u2019\u00e9laboration (Sch\u00e9ma\nd\u2019am\u00e9nagement foncier) et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention et de gestion de litiges.\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Renforcer le syst\u00e8me de gestion de cas de protection permettant d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques de protection pour les personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables et mieux adresser les besoins des victimes des incidents de protection y compris les victimes d\u2019extorsion de\nbiens. Cela n\u00e9cessiterait de renforcer l\u2019approche multisectoriel de la r\u00e9ponse aux incidents de protection avec\nl\u2019implications des acteurs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux opportunit\u00e9s de soutien aux moyens de\nsubsistance pour les victimes d\u2019incidents de protection\n\n\n**SECTEUR DE LA PROTECTION et PARTENAIRES**\n\n\n- Promouvoir la protection \u00e0 base communautaire afin de renforcer les strat\u00e9gies communautaires de protection et\nr\u00e9duction de risques d\u2019enl\u00e8vement de personne\n\n\n**Le CORDONNATEUR DE L\u2019ACTION HUMANITAIRE et la COMMUNAUT\u00c9 HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n- Renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la documentation civile dans les zones affect\u00e9es par les violences des GANE et les zones d\u2019accueil des\nPDI afin de r\u00e9duire les risques de suspicions aux GANE et d\u2019arrestations\n\n- Renforcer le plaidoyer sur le respect du caract\u00e8re civil des sites d\u2019accueil des PDI, demandeurs d\u2019asile et de refugies\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Notes de fin**\n\n\n[i UNHCR Niger - Map Population of Concern - Octobre 2023](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/104568)\nii Analyse de besoins de protection, HRP 2024\n[iii Note analyse impact des sanctions sur la protection au Niger](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1578/communication-materials/key-messages/analyse-de-limpact-des-sanctions-sur-la)\n[iv Cartographie services Protection VBG PE LTB LAM _ Niger 2023 / Circuits r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement Protection, VBG, LTB, PE 2023](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYTRlMWRhNjYtYjU2Yi00MGJlLWFhNTgtMmNkMGE4YzQ5MTU3IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\nv Donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection (jan a sep 2023), Cluster Protection Niger\n[vi Aper\u00e7u des chiffres des Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes au 07 juillet 2023, MAH/UNHCR Niger](https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fniger%2Fniger-cluster-protection-apercu-des-chiffres-des-personnes-deplacees-internes-au-07-juillet-2023&data=05%7C01%7Cmaiga%40unhcr.org%7C9a91c5c34c92413773f208dbec2438a8%7Ce5c37981666441348a0c6543d2af80be%7C0%7C0%7C638363412533600135%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=W2B3Sj7xfh1PpeoN83lzgP%2FIIFBdKFJMzmMTFOqWzu8%3D&reserved=0)\nvii Situation des inondations, Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019interieure de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique et de l\u2019adminstration du territoire, Sep 2023\nviii Situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, Cluster s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, Juin 2023\nix Socioeconomic impacts of the Crisis, ECOWAS and WAEMU Sanctions and Disruptions in External Financing in NIGER, WFP, World bank,\nSep 2023)\nx Dans les communes de Dessa, Ayorou, Bankilar\u00e9 et Goroual\nxi Cluster Education, Niger\nxiila fermeture des centaines d\u2019\u00e9coles due \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 (plus de 40,000 filles affect\u00e9es) : risque de de mariage forc\u00e9s/pr\u00e9coces, de violence\nsexuelle pour les filles ; le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 suite aux violences des GANE (la majorit\u00e9 des PDI sont femmes et des enfants expos\u00e9es a des\nrisques de VBG li\u00e9s aux conditions de vie difficiles dans les zones de d\u00e9placement ; acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9s aux services sociaux de base (l\u2019eau, vivres,\nabris, etc) ; l\u2019extorsion/vol des bien/moyens de subsistance pourrait \u00e9galement exacerber les risques de VBG notamment les violences\nconjugales, strat\u00e9gies n\u00e9gatives d\u2019adaptions par les hommes, les mariages pr\u00e9coces pour r\u00e9duire les charge dans le foyer\nxiii Bulletin mensuel d\u2019analyse, Projet 21 Niger, mois Aout\n[xiv https://twitter.com/studio_kalangou/status/1714340882671927484](https://twitter.com/studio_kalangou/status/1714340882671927484)\nxvLe taux de pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame pourrait atteindre 44.1%, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire plus 700,000 en situation d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 en 2023. (Source:\nSocioeconomic impacts of the Crisis, ECOWAS and WAEMU Sanctions and Disruptions in External Financing in NIGER, WFP, World Bank, Sep\n2023)\nxvi Pratique de la mendicit\u00e9, vente d\u2019animaux femelles, vente de maisons ou de terres\nxvii Rapport sur les exactions contre les leaders communautaires, Cluster Protection, Janvier 2023\nxviii [Note de plaidoyer - menace des engins explosifs- Cluster Protection Niger_juillet 2023](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1485/reports/report/analysis-impact-current-sanctions-protection-situation-niger)\nxix Selon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection (P21) au premier semestre 2023\nxxAper\u00e7u des chiffres de PDI, minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Action humanitaire et de gestion des catastrophes, Juillet 2023. Mouvements de population\ndans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ry et Tahoua, OCHA, Mars 2023 ; Note d\u2019analyse de protection des PDI de Say et Torodi, Cluster Protection, Aout\n2023 ; Flash d\u2019info\nxxi Evaluation rapide de protection, R\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry, D\u00e9partement d\u2019Ayorou, commune d\u2019Ayorou, site d\u2019Ayorou, DRC, Mars 2023\nxxiiMission d\u2019\u00e9valuations des besoins des personnes retourn\u00e9es \u00e0 Teguey (commune de Gorouol), OCHA, mars 2023\nxxiiiRapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins en logement, terre et bien (LTB), Situation des sites PDIs au Niger, NRC\nxxivSocioeconomic impacts of the Crisis, ECOWAS and WAEMU Sanctions and Disruptions in External Financing in NIGER, WFP, World bank,\nSep 2023)\nxxv [niger-cluster-protection-monitoring-de-la-situation-des-stocks-et-besoins-en-kits-de-protection-durgence-kpu](https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-cluster-protection-monitoring-de-la-situation-des-stocks-et-besoins-en-kits-de-protection-durgence-kpu)\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, veuillez contacter : **Aliou S. MAIGA** - **[maiga@unhcr.org ; ngrnipcc@unhcr.org](mailto:maiga@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0624a217-10fb-494b-ba3c-e976642e9905/protection_analysis_update_niger_novembre_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_879/raw/doc_879_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_879/raw/doc_879_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 89cfdb86ed0c926b80f44bc4341c5c8da0d70bea..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_879/raw/doc_879_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1080 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n### **REPORT SUMMARY**\n\nThe current operational context shows both significant opportunities as well as risks and\nchallenges for exploring durable solutions for IDPs. IDPs have decreased since August 2021 and\naccess has been expanded throughout the country, while meaningful access, particularly\nrelated to restrictions on freedom of movement of women and girls, is still hindered. The\nresumption of school for girls above grade six was postponed by the De facto Authorities which\nconstitutes a major concern for the humanitarian community in Afghanistan as well as the civil\nsociety.\nIn the first quarter of 2022 as in the previous year, food insecurity, acute malnutrition, reduced\naccess to health care and the scarcity of basic products continued to be the major issues\naffecting the concerned population. Limited income generation opportunities and lack of\nservices are negatively impacting the well-being of boys, girls, men, and women. The civilian\npopulation dependent on precarious employment in the sector informal, those in underserved\nareas and those who are residing in informal settlements, including IDPs have been identified\nas the most at-risk populations and many protection concerns are reported among them. The\nHousehold Survey revealed that the presence [1] of mines and other explosives showed an\nincrease across the country in quarter one, having effects on the livelihood and the well-being\nof the community population including, children\u2019s safety, school attendance, and the\npopulation\u2019s ability to access to services. Due to various challenges including the\naforementioned issues, an inclined pattern has been observed that vulnerable populations are\nadopting negative coping strategies such as borrowing money, child labor, sale/exchange of\nchildren for debt relief, street begging, forced marriage, child marriage, and etc.\n\nPreventing the negative coping mechanisms necessitates the engagement of the De facto\nAuthorities, Donors, humanitarian agencies, civil society organizations, and the community,\nparticularly female representatives. Finally, the promotion and support of women\u2019s and girls\u2019\n\n### **KEY PROTECTION FIGURES**\n\n_**Displacement trends:**_\nFollowing the recorded displacement of over 777,000 people in 2021, some 5.8 million\npeople displaced by conflict and natural disasters since 2012 still need support in 2022 to\nfind durable solutions where possible.\n\n\n_**Main driver of the humanitarian need:**_\nIncrease in acute food insecurity, with almost **23 million people facing acute hunger**, with\n8.7 million people at emergency levels (IPC4). All **34 provinces** are facing crisis or emergency\nlevels of acute food insecurity\n\n_**Protection PIN/AoR PIN**_\nOverall Protection Cluster PIN: **16.2 M** while **4.5M** of people are targeted for protection\nservices. CPiE PIN: **5 M** GBV PIN: **9 M**\n\nHLP PIN : **6 M** MA PIN : **4.4 M**\n\n\n1 Identification of mine and other explosive devices\n\n\n\nrights and the equal participation of female staff in the humanitarian responses require a\nserious and collaborative effort from all fronts including diplomatic channels.\n\n### **METHODOLOGY**\n\nThe report was prepared in collaboration with six partners undertaking protection monitoring: DRC,\nINTERSOS, IOM, IRC, NRC, and UNHCR, using the data collected in the first quarter from 8,422\nHousehold-level Surveys (HH), 898 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 1,123 Key Informants Interviews\n(KII). In Q1, 46.5% of respondents were the Host Community, 27.9% IDPs, 19.8% undocumented\nreturnees, 5.3% IDP returnees, and 0.4%. 59% of the respondents were male while 41% were female.\nThe analysis is guided by the Global Protection Cluster [Protection Analysis Framework](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2021/08/11/protection-analytical-framework/) (PAF). Other\nsources of data that are referenced include OCHA Displacement Trends, UNHCR 2021 Multi Sectorial\nRapid Assessments, UNHCR CFM (Complaints and Feedback Mechanism)\u2013 Analysis, IOM Return of\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.9993563294410706, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.8095836043357849, - "start": 221, - "end": 222 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.8172652125358582, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement trends", - "confidence": 0.9588106870651245, - "start": 386, - "end": 388 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8746950626373291, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9259100556373596, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household-level Surveys", - "confidence": 0.9523406624794006, - "start": 650, - "end": 652 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HH", - "confidence": 0.8617603778839111, - "start": 653, - "end": 654 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5600695610046387, - "start": 733, - "end": 734 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "first quarter", - "confidence": 0.5239430665969849, - "start": 644, - "end": 646 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.5431633591651917, - "start": 657, - "end": 660 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5723174810409546, - "start": 661, - "end": 662 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA Displacement Trends", - "confidence": 0.9991973042488098, - "start": 755, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR 2021 Multi Sectorial\nRapid Assessments", - "confidence": 0.9912236928939819, - "start": 759, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9703614711761475, - "start": 760, - "end": 761 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR CFM", - "confidence": 0.816025972366333, - "start": 766, - "end": 768 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n### **1. CONTEXT OVERVIEW**\n\nThe humanitarian crisis facing Afghanistan continues on multiple fronts with protection threats\ndeepening for many parts of the population, driven by political dynamics as well as the dire\neconomic situation after august 15. An estimated 24.4 million people [2] - 59 percent of\nAfghanistan\u2019s population estimated at 42 million, are in need of humanitarian assistance in\n2022, up from 18.4 million people at the start of 2021.\n\n\nMassive economic contraction along with the crisis in the banking and financial system, severe\ndrought, and rising food prices, has meant people are resorting increasingly to harmful coping\nstrategies including child labor, early/forced marriage of girls and women, exploitation, and\nsale of children, family separation, and changing food consumption habits. Assessments\nindicate that households who are unable to find work, in order to cover expenses, have had to\nsell assets, delay seeking medical treatment and accrue debt. These circumstances, overall,\nhave led to an aggravation of protection risks, including psychosocial problems, gender-based\nviolence, and child protection issues.\n\n\nIn March 2022, the de facto authorities (DFA) in Afghanistan postponed the resumption of\nschooling for girls above grade six, which directly contradicted the multiple assurances from\nthe DFA that all girls will not be prevented from accessing education. This denial of access to\neducation for girls continues to be a major concern of the humanitarian community in\nAfghanistan as well as the civil society. In addition, the various restriction imposed on women\nand girls, including restriction on their freedom of movement, hinders women and girls from\naccessing assistance and services as well as hinders the mobility of female humanitarian actors,\nleading to limited outreach to women and girls in the field.\n\n\nProtection monitoring also shows that protection needs vary based on population groups (IDPs,\nIDP returnees, etc.), whether households are headed by women or men, and on geographical\nlocations, which means that types of population groups, gender of HHs, and geographical\nlocations have also to be considered when identifying protection issues. In this regard, a specific\nprotection risk that emerges for IDPs is the threat of eviction owing to an inability to pay rent\nor residing in informal settlements. The risk of eviction continues for many vulnerable Afghans.\nResidents of informal settlements, displaced people, and low-income renters face particularly\nsevere risks of eviction.\n\n\nReturn figures of undocumented returnees from neighboring countries for the first quarter of\n2022 have increased compared to the end of last year, with deportations from the Islamic\nRepublic of Iran increasing month on month, with the proportion of returns increasing from\n53% in December to 67% in February.\n\n\nHumanitarian access is becoming increasingly complex, with incidents of interference in\nhumanitarian activities continuing to hamper access including in beneficiary, staff, project site,\nand contractor selection. This is coupled with demands from de facto authorities that female\n\n\n2 Humanitarian Needs and Plan responses 2022\n\n\n\nstaff are accompanied by a mahram or align with other measures and is often linked with\nthreats of arrest or other forms of retaliation if they fail to do so.\n\n\nFinally, the casualties of explosive ordnance (EO) continue to impact all age and gender groups\nin differing ways and particularly children. Physical impediments and disability caused by EO\naccidents significantly limit the survivors as well as family members\u2019 opportunities to engage in\nsocio-economic development and community life and puts an additional burden on an already\noverstretched health system.\n\n### **2. PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n**2.1. CURRENT THREATS TO THE POPULATION**\n\n\nWhile a significant decrease in fighting and conflict is observed overall in Afghanistan which\ncontributed to overall improvement of freedom of movement, de facto authorities continue to\nseverely restrict freedom of movement for women and girls after the 15th of August 2021. A\ngroup of UN Human Rights Experts, headed by the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against\nwomen, Reem Alsalem, has said that the Taliban leaders in Afghanistan are institutionalizing\nlarge-scale and systematic gender-based discrimination and violence against women and girls.\nThey described what is currently unfolding as an attempt to \u201csteadily erase women and girls\nfrom public life, including in institutions and mechanisms that had been previously set up to\nassist and protect those women and girls who are most at risk\u201d One distinct example is hindered\naccess to education by girls.\n\n\n**Safety, Arbitrary arrest, and Freedom of Movement**\n\nHuman Rights Watch (HRW) in its World Report for 2022, covering 2021 incidents, also reports\nthat the advent of the Taliban accelerated the country\u2019s human rights crisis and humanitarian\ncatastrophe, noting a steady stream of policies and regulations that have rolled back the rights\nof women and girls, imposed wide-ranging restrictions on the Afghan media \u2013 prompting the\nflight of many journalists abroad and the closure of around 70 percent of Afghan media outlets\n\n- and the emergence of an environment in which both the Taliban and the Islamic State of\nKhorasan Province (ISKP) carry out targeted killings of civilians, government employees,\njournalists, and religious leaders.\n\n\nThe current climate in Afghanistan is marked by fear and worry over safety, particularly for\nthose with specific profiles at risk. During the first quarter of the year a several number of\nreports of night raids, arrests, and detention _especially targeting women activists - were\nreceived. On this note, two women rights activists and protesters were arrested by the Taliban\nand released following strong advocacy at different levels. Additionally, a university lecturer\nand political analyst, who was critical of the DfA, was also arrested in Kabul and detained for\nseveral days. The level of fear for safety is evidenced by findings from UNHCR, which received\n11,281 queries through its communication channels (phones and email) from January to March\n2022 from Afghans, the majority expressing safety/security concerns. The trend continued to\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9930495023727417, - "start": 344, - "end": 346 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Islamic\nRepublic of Iran", - "confidence": 0.685699462890625, - "start": 491, - "end": 495 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6879918575286865, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5767487287521362, - "start": 357, - "end": 358 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Return figures of undocumented returnees", - "confidence": 0.6830107569694519, - "start": 463, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Islamic\nRepublic of Iran", - "confidence": 0.89014732837677, - "start": 491, - "end": 495 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9576992988586426, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5104402899742126, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "undocumented returnees", - "confidence": 0.6386403441429138, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n\nshow a high number of queries from former government officials, social activists, and\njournalists requesting support for evacuation due to alleged threats and fear due to their\nprofiles, in addition to queries from individuals who have fled to neighboring countries who\nfear deportation back to Afghanistan. Requests for assistance have also been received from\npersons in Afghanistan who are destitute, lacking shelter and financial resources, and in need\nof immediate humanitarian assistance who consequently may be forced into harmful coping\nmechanisms and thereby exposed to a variety of protection risks. In the first quarter of 2022,\nqueries have been received from individuals indicating that they are opting to leave the country\ndue to the lack of livelihoods and basic services, as well as the ban on girls\u2019 education.\n\n\n**Discriminatory and Punitive Gender Norms**\n\n\n_Photo 1 - March 2022_\n\n\nDespite continued promises of reopening secondary education for girls in the new year, the\nTaliban did not fulfill this commitment to girls above 6th grade and denied access to schools\nwhen the school year re-started on March 23 [rd] . While officials of the Education Ministry were\nunable to provide an immediate explanation for the reversal of the decision, subsequently on\nthe same day the Taliban announced that secondary schools for girls will remain closed until\nfurther notice. The development sparked strong reactions from the international community\nin relation to the fate of girls\u2019 education in Afghanistan but also to the overall rights of women\nand girls in the country.\n\nThese findings are buttressed by protection monitoring data which highlights the continued\nworrying trends in the worsening situation for women and girls across Afghanistan. Freedom\nof movement by women is severely affected by the requirement of mahram which was officially\nannounced by the Ministry of Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (DoPVPV) which\nwas instituted after the dismantling of the Ministry of Women Affairs on 26th December\nthrough a directive that restricts women from traveling farther than 72km (45 miles) without\naccompaniment by a close male relative. This restriction was reportedly further expanded to\n\n\n\ninclude traveling abroad, and several solo women travelers within the county were reportedly\nstopped from boarding flights. Furthermore, the requirement of mahram puts additional\nbarriers to the full participation of female staff in humanitarian operations. Having fewer or no\nfemale staff in humanitarian activities places a serious threat to the outreach to women and\ngirls and capturing their concerns, which further results in a lack of effective delivery of gendersensitive and responsive assistance.\n\n**Socio-economic challenges, Poverty, and Coping Mechanisms**\n\nAfter over 40 years of continued crisis, Afghanistan remains one of the world\u2019s most acute and\ncomplex humanitarian emergencies, driven by conflict and disasters and now, by the economic\ncrisis. Recurring shocks and disruptions have depleted the resilience of displaced, host, and\ndisaster-affected populations. Even under normal circumstances, it is difficult for households\nto meet their basic needs. An estimated 24.4 million people \u2013 59 percent of the population are\nin need of humanitarian assistance in 2022, a staggering 25 percent increase compared to the\nhumanitarian estimation in 2021.\nBoth the formal and informal economies have suffered dramatically due to disruption to\nmarkets, financial and trade mechanisms since the second half of 2021, the freezing of central\nbank reserves and loans, and the sudden drop in direct international development assistance,\nwhich formerly accounted for 75 percent of public expenditures.\n\nThe deterioration in the situation has been particularly challenging for people living in poverty,\nrecently displaced, those that rely on insecure employment in the informal sector, those in\nunderserved locations, and those residing in informal settlements including IDPs throwing\npeople into a critical need and resorting increasingly to harmful coping strategies as direct\noptions in their efforts to survive. These harmful coping mechanisms create protection risks\nand drive the persistence of protection concerns.\n\nIn the first quarter of 2022 as during the previous year, the same coping strategies including\nborrowing money, sale of assets, child labor, selling child/ exchanging child for debt relief,\nbegging on the street, forced marriage, and child marriage, continue to be the most utilized\ncoping strategies.\n\nChildren continue to bear the brunt of the conflict in Afghanistan, with child protection\nconcerns frequently reported. In protection monitoring household surveys, 3% of households\nare reported as child-headed households, 3% as children at-risk headed households, and 1% of\nhouseholds are headed by Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC). 11% of household\nrespondents reported having children at risk within their households, whilst 1% reported\nhaving UASC and 1% reported having children engaged in Armed Conflict.\n\n**Child Labor:** During assessments, 31% of respondents indicated that children are involved in\nchild labour and the worst forms of child labor in accordance with the Worst Forms of Child\nLabour Convention (1999), No. 182. Children face exploitation especially along Afghanistan\u2019s\nborders in the form of trafficking contraband or illegal goods, being sent to work in another\npart of the country, or in neighboring countries away from the care of their families. Findings\nfrom protection monitoring assessments conducted from (Jan \u2013 March 2022, 8% of\nrespondents indicated that children are engaged in hazardous work, and 23% in child labor\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE", - "confidence": 0.9789593815803528, - "start": 4, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9673685431480408, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.989061713218689, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9977040886878967, - "start": 287, - "end": 290 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9962820410728455, - "start": 267, - "end": 268 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring household surveys", - "confidence": 0.9976509213447571, - "start": 790, - "end": 794 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9629021286964417, - "start": 780, - "end": 781 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.8573607802391052, - "start": 798, - "end": 799 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring assessments", - "confidence": 0.998913049697876, - "start": 951, - "end": 954 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9372336864471436, - "start": 912, - "end": 913 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8496126532554626, - "start": 960, - "end": 961 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Jan \u2013 March 2022", - "confidence": 0.6038318276405334, - "start": 957, - "end": 961 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7131370902061462, - "start": 965, - "end": 966 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n\nwithin or outside the country. Meanwhile, in the country, children are involved in agriculture\n(27%), construction work (23%), work at the markets/bazaar (23%), factory work (16%), and\nmechanic shops (11%).\n\n**Harmful Coping mechanisms** : Based on protection monitoring findings, harmful coping\nmechanisms such as child selling in exchange for debt relief and organ harvesting, including\nfrom children, increased in scale within the last year. 7% of respondents indicated that children\nare experiencing either forced marriage (4%) or child marriage (3%) while 3% of respondents\nindicated that family\u2019s resort to the practice of child selling or organ harvesting. The\nreasons/drivers are mainly economic- due to poverty and loss of income, families need to meet\nthe basic needs in the context, and lack of information and awareness on the consequences of\norgan harvesting.\n\n\n_Photo 2 - Coping mechanism, Jan. 2022_\n\n\n**Presence of Mine and Explosive Hazards**\n\nThere are still 4,104 hazardous areas in the country, affecting at least 1,522 communities and\nposing a threat to vulnerable populations such as internally displaced persons, returnees,\nrefugees, and conflict-affected non-displaced civilians. The presence of explosive ordnance\n(EO) in Afghanistan, particularly improvised mines from more recent armed clashes and\nExplosive Remnants of War (ERW), continues to be a top humanitarian priority. Explosive\nordnance continues to claim lives and maim the local population, but their wider impact is farreaching: the presence - or perceived presence - of EO causes psychological distress, blocks\naccess to natural resources and basic services, impedes safe humanitarian access, and hinders\ninfrastructure development, amongst others. Following the cessation of hostilities in most\n\n\n\nparts of the country, there is an increased risk as the local population ventures into previous\nbattle areas inaccessible until recently, as well as that returnee and other people on the move\nreturn to areas without knowledge of the presence of the explosive hazards in the location or\nhow to act safely around them.\n\n\nWhile most EO casualties are men and boys, EO impacts all age and gender groups in differing\nways. Women often become careers for those in their family or community who have been\ninjured, and the death/injury of male relatives places a significant burden on women as the\nhead of household and breadwinner to large families. Physical impediments and disability\ncaused by EO accidents significantly limits the survivors\u2019 as well as family members\u2019\nopportunities to engage in socio-economic development and community life and puts an\nadditional burden on an already overstretched health system.\n\n\nA total of 76 casualties were recorded from January to March 2022 in the national mine action\ndatabase, though systematic victim data collection remains disrupted due to the fluid and\nevolving situation after the Taliban\u2019s takeover. While explosive hazards kill and maim\nindiscriminately, children, particularly boys are at high risk of death or injuries from EO\naccidents in Afghanistan - 31 children (including 26 boys and five girls) were reported to have\ndied and nine (including five boys and four girls) injured from three EO explosions during the\nreporting period. Data collected in 2021 shows that improvised mines are the leading cause of\ncivilian casualty accounting for 72% of the total civilian casualties followed by ERW which\naccounts for 26%. Children are particularly vulnerable to falling victims to ERW with the\nmajority (79 %) of ERW casualties being children. Out-of-school children are also considered\nspecifically at risk, given they often play a role in supporting their families by carrying out\nlivelihood activities, such as collecting scrap metal, firewood, water, and others. The\ndeployment of Quick Response Teams (QRTs) plays an important role in reducing the impact of\nERW and enabling the delivery of humanitarian assistance, as it allows the mine action sector\nto provide emergency response to concerns reported by communities and humanitarian\nagencies.\n\n\nConflicts between armed groups in the past 20 years have left lots of areas newly contaminated\nwith explosive ordnance, in particular improvised explosive devices (IEDs), including improvised\nmines (IM) and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Given the new access opportunities, UNMAS\nis coordinating a national explosive contamination survey to capture the extent of the country's\nexplosive ordnance contamination. This survey provides constant updates to the mine action\ndatabase with the most up-to-date contamination information to support mine action direct\nresources to areas of the highest need and concurrently releases safe land. The initiative is\ncurrently being implemented in four provinces-Kandahar, Kunduz, Helmand, and Uruzganwhere intense fighting was witnessed in the past. The survey teams primarily utilize a nontechnical survey to locate conflict areas and identify and record new contamination. They also\ninclude explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) capability to remove immediate explosive threats\nincluding abandoned improvised mines (AIM). Each survey team includes female personnel for\nvarious functions, including but not limited to survey, community liaison, victim data collection,\nand EORE.\n\n\nGiven that improvised mines cause the majority of civilian mine action casualties, mine action\npartners continue to prioritize the clearance of these hazards. However, the lack of specialized\nequipment and experienced personnel hinders the implementation of such projects. To\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national mine action\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9977821707725525, - "start": 522, - "end": 526 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.952962338924408, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9699732661247253, - "start": 519, - "end": 520 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data", - "confidence": 0.5390383005142212, - "start": 609, - "end": 610 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8985094428062439, - "start": 572, - "end": 573 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9543979167938232, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national explosive contamination survey", - "confidence": 0.963986873626709, - "start": 803, - "end": 807 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7309266924858093, - "start": 806, - "end": 807 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNMAS", - "confidence": 0.8748757839202881, - "start": 799, - "end": 800 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mine action\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.7769708633422852, - "start": 827, - "end": 830 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5308399200439453, - "start": 806, - "end": 807 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n\novercome these challenges, the mine action sector continues to invest in building the capacity\nof the sector in the clearance of abandoned improvised mines.\n\n\nTop ten provinces of high concern from mine action perspective: Kandahar, Hilmand, Zabul,\nNangarhar, Ghor, Ghazni, Paktya, Balkh, Uruzgan, and Sari-i-Pul - as well as areas where districts\nwere not accessible in the past, such as Logar.\n\n\n**Housing, Land & Property Concerns**\n\n\n_Photo 3: Earthquakes Northwest, Province of Badghis, Jan. 2022 - UNHCR_\n\n\n16% of the respondents indicated their communities experience land-related issues during the\nreporting period mostly in Hilmand, Zabul, Nangarhar, Kabul, and Ghor provinces. The main\nHLP issues reported by household survey respondents arise from rental disputes, inheritance\ndisputes, and issues with access to and use of land and property come after this. According to\nthe Key Informant Interviews, rental disputes are partly due to the household\u2019s inability to pay\ntheir rent on time, resulting in harassment and eviction from property owners. Some also\nmentioned abusive practices used by landlords -, such as \u2013 a sudden increase of rent or rent\nasked before the end of the month. Most households do not have rental agreements with\nlandlords, hence increasing their vulnerabilities to eviction and abuse [3] . Households affected by\ndisplacement also mentioned the issue of land use and occupation (government and private).\nDisplaced persons and returnees commonly rent or live in makeshift settlements immediately\nafter displacement and into prolonged periods of displacement and often without written\nagreements, placing them at increased risk of forced eviction and other abuses. An increasing\ntrend of eviction and eviction threats from informal settlements, particularly the ones in\nProvincial capitals such as Kabul and Herat are recently observed.\n\n\n3 By way of example, NRC conducted an assessment in Kabul province in November 2021 and\nthe results indicated that over half the respondents lived in rental houses and 85% of those\ndid not have a rental agreement with the landlord.\n\n\n\nInadequate shelter and access to services in these areas can spur conflict with host\ncommunities, drive households into debt, and limit opportunities for durable solutions. Issues\naround inheritance rights also came out strongly from the KI interviews. This especially affects\nwomen as communities and, families discriminate against women.\n\n\nIt was clear from the household and KI interviews that many households live in very precarious\nsituations with inherent instability and their HLP rights are not protected. There is a need to\ncontinue to support households, especially vulnerable ones\u2013 such as female-headed\nhouseholds or protractive displaced families \u2013 by providing HLP assistance as well as cash for\nrent for households that are at risk of eviction. In addition, consolidated advocacy needs to\ncontinue with the authorities in terms of the prevention of forced eviction.\n\n\n**2.2. EFFECTS ON POPULATION**\n\n\n**a.** **Safety and the general situation**\n\nDuring the first quarter of 2022, 90% of respondents in HH Interviews stated that they feel safe,\na 12% increase from the overall trend in 2021. While comparing the difference between female\nand male respondents on their perception of safety during the first quarter of 2022, 11% of\nfemale-headed households mentioned that they feel unsafe in the 1st quarter of 2022\ncompared to 24% in 2021. This decrease was also evident amongst male-headed households,\n7% of whom reported in the 1st quarter of 2022 that they feel unsafe compared to 17% in 2021.\n\n\nQualitative findings from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) confirm the above finding that a high\nproportion of male respondents indicate that they felt safe in the community, slightly higher\nthan female respondents, who expressed a\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThese findings indicate that respondents\ngenerally perceive that the security situation is\nbetter than before and that there is a greater\nfeeling of safety, which is possibly linked to the\nfact that widespread conflict ended following\nthe events of 15 August 2021. However, the\nfeeling of insecurity amongst female\nrespondents remains lower compared to male\nrespondents.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNonetheless, as noted above, persons of certain profiles continue to express concerns for\nsafety through communications channels, and their safety with heightened protection risks is\nalso impacted by the dire economic crisis that is affecting all population groups in the country.\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9089598059654236, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5109332203865051, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "NRC", - "confidence": 0.9109131097793579, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kabul province", - "confidence": 0.9586304426193237, - "start": 352, - "end": 354 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.775333821773529, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6914633512496948, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KI interviews", - "confidence": 0.9266129732131958, - "start": 423, - "end": 425 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9159442782402039, - "start": 402, - "end": 403 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.948238730430603, - "start": 664, - "end": 667 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.9826682209968567, - "start": 668, - "end": 669 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6460438370704651, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "female-headed households", - "confidence": 0.5202097296714783, - "start": 610, - "end": 612 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n\nIn this regard, rapid assessments conducted by UNHCR covering various population groups\nbetween October \u2013 December 2021 showed, major challenges with 67% of households\nindicating an inability to work and cover needs and thereby having to resort to various harmful\ncopies strategies, including selling assets (85%), additional members of the household having\nto work (75%), requiring children to work (64%) and accruing debt to cover basic needs (93%).4\nThe findings from the rapid assessment, when comparing male and female-headed households\namongst IDP and IDP returnee families, are mostly similar although the situation is marginally\nworse for female-headed households and more pronounced for IDP returnee households that\nare headed by females. On average, 72 percent of male-headed IDP households indicated not\nbeing able to work and cover daily expenses while amongst female-headed households the\nnumber leaped to 81 percent. Similarly, amongst IDP returnee households, the rates are 68%\nfor MHHs and 76% for FHHs, respectively.\n\n\nAmong respondents who indicated that the security situation had worsened, contributing\nfactors indicated at the HH level included increased criminality (52%), competition for\nresources (34%), and increased protests/civil demonstrations (11%). This shows that the\ncontributing factors cited for a worsened security situation have changed from the first and\nsecond halves of 2021, which were increased criminality (32% - 20% lower in 2021 than now\nexpressed), increased conflict between government and AGEs (28%), increased targeted\nattacks (19%), fighting for resources (10%) and increased protests/civil demonstrations (9%).\nThe findings are consistent with the facts of a decrease in conflict and a switch to a degradation\nin the general security environment owing to the devastating economic crisis, leading to an\nincrease in criminality and competition over resources. In this regard, the Humanitarian\nResponse Plan (HRP) notes that more than half of the Afghan population (24.4 million people)\nare in humanitarian need.5\n\n\n**b.** **Freedom of movement**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn HH level assessments, 91% of respondents\n\nshows a 6% increase from 2021. However,\nimprovement in freedom of movement is\n\nmove freely in the 1st quarter of 2022 in\ncomparison to 13% in 2021 while amongst\nmale-headed households, 7% of whom\n\n2021. The reasons provided for females not\nbeing able to move freely range from\ndiscrimination (21%), fear of personal safety (19%), and socio-cultural barriers (18%).\n\n\n\nSimilar to the topic of safety, qualitative findings from FGD show that a high proportion of male\nrespondents indicate that they are free to move, slightly higher than female respondents. This\nperception was overall lower in the first half of 2021, and still lower in the second half of 2021.\nThese findings were mirrored by qualitative findings from KII and in general terms, there is a\ngreater sense amongst populations of being freer to move and this, again, is potentially linked\nto the fact that widespread conflict has ended. However, as articulated under 2, restriction of\nfreedom of movement for women and girls is institutionalized with the instruction of\nrequirement of mahram, which may not be clearly captured through protection monitoring.\n\n\n**c.** **Psychosocial Effects**\n\nThe protracted conflict has led to the loss of livelihoods and opportunities coupled with\nextreme coping mechanisms for all population groups including host communities, IDPs, IDP\n\ncountries. These threats have physical and\npsychosocial effects that impact the\npopulation. 34% of the respondents reported\n\nFurthermore, 21% of the households\n\nthere were changes in the behaviors of the\n\nchanges in the behaviors of family members.\n\n\nWhereas the study indicated that children did experience a lot of negative changes in their\nbehavior. It was reported that 34% had a family member that experienced distress in the last 6\nmonths. The reasons for experiencing psychological distress were conflict 22%, community\nviolence 8%, children out of school 4%, denial of services 10%, lack of employment 23%, forced\nrecruitment 1%, abuse2%, discrimination 4%, early marriage3%, child labour3% and Covid 5%.\nThe type of behavior that was observed in children includes 21% withdrawn, 26%\naggressive/violent, 33% had eating disorders,14% self-harm, 3% had suicidal tendencies, and\n3% others. This reflects an adverse impact of the socio-economic situations, and political impact\nof the environment in which the children are enduring or living and calls for more psychosocial\ninterventions to mitigate the short and long-term impacts of psychological distress on children\nacross the regions.\n\n\nThe respondents provided various reasons in regard to contributing factors leading to their\npsychological distress including 23% lack of employment, 22% conflict, 10% denial of services,\n8% community violence, 7% family violence, 7% COVID19 and extended lockdown, 4% out of\nschool,4% discriminations, 3% Child marriage,5% child labour and abuse and other 7%.\n\n\n5 [Afghanistan: Humanitarian Response Plan 2018-2021 (2021 Update).](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/afghanistan-humanitarian-response-plan-2022.pdf)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4 UNHCR 2021 Multi Sectorial Rapid Assessments \u2013 Analysis: [Document - UNHCR 2021 Multi](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92174)\n[Sectorial Rapid Assessments - Analysis.](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92174)\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rapid assessments", - "confidence": 0.864848256111145, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9289203882217407, - "start": 20, - "end": 21 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9058344960212708, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7485820055007935, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.6323609352111816, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.9378129243850708, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "qualitative findings", - "confidence": 0.6018974184989929, - "start": 501, - "end": 503 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9060346484184265, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.7075692415237427, - "start": 450, - "end": 451 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KII", - "confidence": 0.7169232964515686, - "start": 557, - "end": 558 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n\n**d.** **Denial and/or inability to access existing services**\n\nKey informant interviews indicated that respondents had challenges to have access to services\nsuch as livelihood support (20%), Health (17%), Shelter (6%), Psychosocial support (8%)\nRehabilitation services for persons with disability (5%), Rehabilitation services for children (5%)\nsupport for persons with specific needs (10%), documentation (5%) WASH (3%), education\n(9%), legal aid (5%) and education at (8%). The Household survey data indicates Samangan and\nSar-e \u2013pul as the highest rate of respondents who reported denial of access to services (52%),\nfollowed by Wardak (48%), Badghis (42%), Hirat, Takhar and Badakhshan (38% each), Balakh\n(32%), (32Ghor (28%), Nimroz (27%), Takhar and Kandahar (12%).27 % of respondents reported\nthat community members were unable to access existing services compared to 71% who\nreported they are able to get access to services during household surveys. Existing services\nwere denied in the community due to discrimination/exclusion (16%), documentation was\nrequired to have access to services (20%) the assistance was not free (20%) and the assistance\nwas not what the community needed (29%).\n\n\n\nThe different groups that were unable to have\naccess to the existing services were child-headed\nhouseholds, (16%), children at risk headed\nhouseholds (10%), Elderly person headed\nhouseholds (16%), female-headed households\n(17%), persons with disability (14%), persons with\nlife-threatening health issues (4%), substance\nabusers (9%) and women at risk headed household\nat (9%).\n\n\n\n_\u201cThe people who have more power_\n_and have more money they will win_\n_the dispute\u201d_\n\n\n_UR Male HH, Faryab, January_\n\n\n_\u201cThe new government do not have_\n_ability to solve the problems they_\n_are illiterate they do not have_\n_familiarity with documentation\u201d_\n\n\n\nAlthough 75% of the population access basic _UR Male HH, Badakhshan February_\nservices based on Key Informant Interviews, only\n2% of respondents indicated that there is access to child protection for prevention and\nresponse to abuse, violence, and neglect\n\n\n**e.** **Mine Action**\n\nThe presence of mines and other explosives shows an increase across the provinces surveyed,\nThe Household Survey revealed that a majority 91% (compared to 89% in Q4 of 2021) of\nhouseholds lack awareness about mines and other explosives and 39% indicated that they lack\nawareness on where to report explosives. The presence of mines and explosives affected\nlivelihood and access, and the well-being of the community population including that the\ncommunity cannot get access to services reported (25%), children cannot access school safely\n(21%) animal grazing (20%), children cannot play safely (15%) and collecting water (13%). While\nthe data from the Key informant interview indicated that 88% of respondents have no\ninformation about mines or other explosives compared to 9 % who have information about\nmines in their community.\n\n\nIn Zabul and Kunduz indicated that all respondents have not heard about mines or other\nexplosives, followed by Bakhashan (95%), Farah, Badghis, and Kandahar (94% each), Wardak\n(84%), and Hirat (78%).\n\n\n\n**f.** **Dispute Resolution Mechanisms**\n\n\nSince the fall of the former government, the de facto authorities have slowly re-established a\nformal justice system, but the legal framework and procedures remained unclear in the first\nquarter of 2022. The use of punishments such as public shaming, arbitrary arrests, torture, and\npublic executions have been reported across several provinces with de facto authorities which\nconstitute violations of international law and Afghanistan\u2019s treaty obligations.\n\n\nHousehold survey data shows that informal dispute resolution mechanisms such as community\nelders (44%), Mullahs (41%), and family and relatives (34%) are preferred by the community.\nWomen have overall less access to both traditional and formal mechanisms than men, resulting\nin 40% of women reporting that they prefer to resolve disputes through their family and\nrelatives. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the lack of female representation,\ndiscrimination, and lack of trust in those mechanisms, as well as restriction of freedom of\nmovement, are barriers to safe and meaningful access.\n\n\nThe top three reasons for challenges in accessing those mechanisms for men and women are\nlack of trust (60%), discrimination (51%), and fees (33%). IDPs and undocumented returnees\nare twice more likely to report the need to pay fees as a barrier to access justice than members\nof the host community or IDPs returnees. Qualitative data indicate that De facto Authorities\u2019\nlack of familiarity with the previous government\u2019s formal justice system and unwillingness to\noperationalize their own formal system contribute to challenges in accessing fair and timely\ndispute resolution mechanisms.\n\n\n**g.** **Social Cohesion**\n\nSimilar to the previous quarter, generally positive relationships were reported within the\ncommunity and between various groups, noting, however, tensions over stretched resources\nand rare economic opportunities were mentioned in HHS and affect IDPs, IDPs returnees, and\nundocumented returnees the most. The proportion of IDPs and undocumented returnees was\nhigher among the 9% of HHS respondents who reported not feeling safe. While male and\nfemale respondents reported similar trends in community violence within their community or\nwith other communities, IDPs and undocumented returnees were generally more likely to\nreport such violence, especially in rural areas in Badakhshan, and Nimroz provinces. In northern\nprovinces of the country such as Badakhshan, the increase in tensions among the community\nmight be linked to the increase in Afghan resistance groups. Indeed, recent movements of\nPashtun Taliban fighters to provinces in the north of Afghanistan have sparked tensions among\nthe ethnic Uzbek, Turkmen, and Tajik communities. Nimroz and Herat provinces being the main\nroutes for irregular migration, they have become destinations for various ethnic/religious and\ncultural groups who are transiting, have been deported, and/or are waiting to remigrate.\nAccording to FGD findings, the main factor leading to a cohesive relationship among the\ncommunity members is their ethnic/religious bonds. In contrast, political alignment and debtrelated tensions were separating the communities.\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household survey data", - "confidence": 0.9708291888237, - "start": 133, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9444792866706848, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9743169546127319, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household surveys", - "confidence": 0.9971773624420166, - "start": 241, - "end": 243 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "community", - "confidence": 0.5278249979019165, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5765582919120789, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household Survey", - "confidence": 0.9987969398498535, - "start": 504, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9386063814163208, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "provinces surveyed", - "confidence": 0.5503954291343689, - "start": 500, - "end": 502 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9219843149185181, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5806431770324707, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant interview", - "confidence": 0.982240617275238, - "start": 615, - "end": 618 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8694350123405457, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9426948428153992, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household survey data", - "confidence": 0.9979614019393921, - "start": 783, - "end": 786 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "informal dispute resolution mechanisms", - "confidence": 0.5558748245239258, - "start": 788, - "end": 792 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5484414100646973, - "start": 784, - "end": 785 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.9654226899147034, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Quantitative and qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.9833955764770508, - "start": 854, - "end": 858 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.527216911315918, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Qualitative data", - "confidence": 0.9209738373756409, - "start": 960, - "end": 962 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs and undocumented returnees", - "confidence": 0.5381181240081787, - "start": 929, - "end": 933 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HHS respondents", - "confidence": 0.8319931030273438, - "start": 1074, - "end": 1076 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "FGD", - "confidence": 0.597270667552948, - "start": 1224, - "end": 1225 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n### **3. EXISTING CAPACITIES TO ADDRESS** **PROTECTION RISKS**\n\nIn the context described above, there is an urgent need to reinforce capacities to ensure access\nto women and girls, enhance their participation, and rebuild support and outreach\nmechanisms, such as community-based protection mechanisms and social protection\nstructures. In this regard, the UN engagement with the de-facto authorities as well as with the\ncommunities and strong advocacy for women\u2019s inclusion in all aspects is required. Additionally,\nthere is a need for consistent consultation and advocacy under the coordination of existing\ninter-agency mechanisms including the Humanitarian Access Group, to ensure access to\nwomen and girls, as well as for enhanced access to female humanitarian staff in the field, at\ndifferent levels with the de-facto authorities to ensure the safety of women and girls and their\nfreedom of movement. The Women\u2019s Advisory Group to the HCT should be facilitated to play\na stronger role in consultation at a high level with the de facto authorities.\n\nHumanitarian actors should further give consideration to engaging with religious scholars and\nother relevant key stakeholders on pertinent issues related to women and girls\u2019s rights,\nincluding access to education. Furthermore, in addition to enhancing active participation and\nengagement of women and girls, engagement with men and boys in the communities, including\nyouth, as agents of change, should be accelerated through community outreach activities to\nenhance the rights of women and girls.\n\nHumanitarian partners including civil society and national organizations are active in most\nlocations with the highest needs. While some challenges indicate access issues by all partners\nto adequate funding to support interventions strategies according to the HRP as well as\nadequate technical capacity and systems to effectively respond to the complex humanitarian\ncase management, there is a need to step up the existing capacity including outreach\nmechanisms, social and community-based protection Structures, and the referral pathways to\nenhance service provision including effecting coordination at the National and sub-national\nlevels.\n\n### **4. RESPONSES**\n\n\n**Operational Constraints**\n\n\n - Humanitarian access remains complex, with incidents of interference that hinder\naccess to affected persons, staff, project sites, and contractor selection, as well as\ndemands that female staff is accompanied by a mahram or align with other measures,\noften linked with threats of arrest or other forms of retaliation, which undermines\nmeaningful access to affected persons, particularly to people with specific needs and\nprotection risks.\n\n\n - Operational challenges for organizations have also been a reality, as some\ninterventions had to be put on hold, shifted, or repackaged while the enormity of\n\n\n\nneed, particularly in the absence of even basic government services, has simply\nballooned. Coupled with rising needs is the loss of enormous capacity across civil\nsociety. Human rights and women\u2019s rights leaders, protection experts, GBV\nspecialists, community organizers, campaigners, and beyond have all been faced with\nparticular uncertainty and risk since the political power shift and many have been\nforced to leave the country in search of safety.\n\n\n - The current economic crisis is expected to continue driving up food and other basic\nneeds costs, which will likely further increase food insecurity, debt, unemployment,\nand reliance on negative coping strategies.\n\n\n - Many protection activities, including community-based protection monitoring, and\nidentification of PSN and those who need GBV and MHPSS services were impacted by\nthe restrictions on work placed on female staff. The limitations in working remotely\ndo not ensure sufficient space and privacy to guarantee the full protection of female\nclients.\n\n\n - Serious concerns exist about keeping data safe and its protection generally in the\ncountry. Data on GBV incidents is a particular concern capable of putting both service\nproviders and clients at risk. For this reason, recording and keeping GBV-related data\nremains postponed until its collection can be ensured in a safe and feasible manner\nin accordance with GBViE Minimum Standards and global standards for data\nprotection.\n\n\n**Population Reached and Funding Data**\n\nFrom January to Mars 2022, Protection Cluster partners reached around **1.6M individuals** out\nof the total target of **4.5M (35 % achieved** ). In the first quarter of 2022, protection partners\nreceived around **$29 million (21%)** out of the total funding required for 2022 HRP of $137.\nmillion.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION ANALYSIS UPDATE \u2013 Q1 2022**\n\n\n### **5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n**For Donors & Members States:**\n\n\nUse all available leverage points and diplomatic channels to **protect and promote women\u2019s**\n**and girls\u2019 rights** . This must also include joined-up, non-negotiable support for the equal\nparticipation of female staff as part of the humanitarian response.\n\n\n - Strengthen **support to mine action capacity and activities to reduce civilian**\n**casualties and enable humanitarian assistance**, particularly by funding clearance,\nQuick Response Teams, and EORE projects aligned with the HRP 2022.\n\n - Support **mainstreaming of GBV risk mitigation across sectors** by ensuring dedicated\ngender and GBV experts are embedded in non-protection sectors to support\nstrengthening and coordination of best practices.\n\n - Strengthen **engagement and advocacy with neighboring governments and key**\n**member states** in the region and globally to support safe border crossings and\nmeaningful access to asylum within and beyond the region.\n\n - Step up **multi-year, flexible funding streams, capacity-building platforms, and**\n**area-based modalities**, all aimed at supporting national civil society stakeholders'\nlong-term viability and effectiveness, including protection partners, women\u2019s rights\norganizations, and human rights defenders.\n\n - Guarantee that the **civil population and all NGOs have access to the Humanitarian**\n**Exchange Facility** and Humanitarian Financial Corridors, ensuring low transfer costs\nand securing insurance to reduce the liability of NGOs for dealing with cash in\nAfghanistan.\n\n\n**De Facto authorities:**\n\n\n - Ensure that the **fundamental rights of women and girls are fully respected**\nincluding ensuring **access to education by all girls and boys at all grades** of the\nnational education programs.\n\n - **Respect the guiding principles of humanitarian operation** including its\nindependence and ensuring the safety of humanitarian actors and facilitate\nunconditional access and implementation of humanitarian services, including access\nof female and male, international and national staff to all communities based on\nidentified needs and vulnerability.\n\n - Allow **access to a national mine action survey to capture the extent of**\n**contamination** and provide information on any known contamination, and facilitate\naccess to women, girls, boys, and men to mine, IED, and other explosive device risk\neducation through a few risks\u2019 education teams.\n\n - In order to prevent forced eviction from informal settlements, long-term solutions\nmust be established before residents in informal settlements including IDPs are\nrelocated to their areas of origin or find any other durable solutions. It may take\nyears to achieve it, therefore it requires proper planning in consultation with the\npeople affected, and solutions should be based on their voluntary and informed\nchoice.\n\n\n\n**For HC/HCT & Humanitarian partners** :\n\n\nStrengthen **multi-sectoral initiatives to mitigate economic impacts on the population**\nincluding persons with disability, children, and women, and prioritize actions that strengthen\nthe resilience of IDPs, returnees, and host communities for protection outcomes.\n\n\nOn protection and GBV\n\n\n - Engage in **advocacy and in continuous dialogue** with the de facto authorities to:\n\n`o` Promote the full participation of women and girls in public life.\n\n`o` Resituate the formal justice system and respect for international human rights\nlaw.\n\n`o` Enable the independent and fulsome implementation of protection programs\nand services, including specialized GBV services, and legal responses.\n\n`o` Protect humanitarian access to informal settlements when carrying out\nassessments and providing humanitarian services that have been generated\nby forced evictions.\n\n`o` Ensure active engagement, joint planning, and coordination with de facto\nauthorities to support and plan for principled returns of displaced persons and\nother solutions for internally displaced persons.\n\n\n - Make meaningful **investments in local partners\u2019 operations** and capacity, with the\naim of longer-term rebuilding and support to protection organizations, leaders and\nnetworks, and women\u2019s rights organizations.\n\nOn child protection\n\n\n - Ensure **Child Safeguarding Policy pieces of training are systematically provided for**\n**all humanitarian workers and communities** for an individual and collective\nresponsibility in ensuring all children are protected from deliberate or unintentional\nacts including negative coping mechanisms that lead to the risk of, or actual, harm\nto children\n\nOn mine action\n\n\n - Provide **unconditional access for humanitarian mine action** personnel, including\nQuick Response Teams and women staff, to previously restricted areas for\ndemining, risk education, ERW removal, and other mine action activities to ensure\nthat civilians returning to their areas of origin and humanitarians deploying to those\nareas can do so in a safe manner.\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national mine action survey", - "confidence": 0.9955501556396484, - "start": 412, - "end": 416 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8445348739624023, - "start": 415, - "end": 416 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.8262465000152588, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/916826fb-9b1b-4c47-9cf4-d6ed5b7f11ba/protection_analysis_update_pau_-_q1_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_88/raw/doc_88_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_88/raw/doc_88_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cbd4b68c2d2609fc2dd20981e175cf54a24522e2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_88/raw/doc_88_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,648 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 237**\n\n# **Humanitarians without borders:** **work, mobility and wellbeing in UNHCR**\n\n\n**Ranji Devadason**\n\n\nUniversity of Bristol\n\n\nE-mail: Ranji.Devadason@bristol.ac.uk\n\n\nMay 2012\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nThis report sets out some key findings about the experience of working for UNHCR, based\non analysis of online survey data and a small number of in-depth interviews with staff. The\nfieldwork for this project was conducted between June and December 2010.\n\nThis project draws on a larger British Academy funded study investigating what is distinctive\nabout global professionals in three sectors: multinational corporations (MNCs), international\nNGOs and UN agencies. By comparing the experiences of workers in different organisations,\ncities and countries, this research provides a fascinating insight into emergent patterns of\nglobalization and work. Through analysing the experiences of staff in UN agencies and\ninternational NGOs \u2013 as well as MNCs \u2013 this study redresses the tendency in existing\nresearch to neglect forms of mobility that are not driven by the pursuit of capital, but rather\nhelping people in need.\n\nUNHCR employs around 7190 staff, of whom 24 per cent are international. The organisation\nworks in 123 countries. This study analyses the attitudes and narratives of a small subset of\n48 international staff who are located across the organisation in 16 countries, including the\norganization\u2019s headquarters in Geneva, offices in Jordan, Kenya and South Africa, as well as\nhardship duty stations in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sudan).\n\nThe online survey was launched with international staff at the UNHCR in June 2010. It was\ndesigned to address the following themes: employment, mobility and work history; family,\nfriends and social ties; and, identity, attachments and values. This data thereby provides\nevidence about multiple social fields and the interplay between personal and professional\nfacets of employees\u2019 lives.\n\nParticipants were recruited via an invitation email that was circulated to 90 employees in the\norganisation who were either currently, or had recently been, working away from the\nheadquarters at different duty stations. 48 participants responded to the invitation; this\nconstitutes an opportunity sample with a response rate of 53 per cent.\n\nAlthough this sample is small, relative to the entire population of international UNHCR staff,\nthe following analysis allows for indicative relationships between key variables relating to\nwellbeing and mobility to be identified. In addition, the qualitative material from the open\nsurvey questions and in-depth interviews adds depth and insight into processes within the\norganisation.\n\nBasic demographic information about the participants in the study are set out here in order to\nintroduce the characteristics of the sample that are relevant in the subsequent analysis and to\ndisclose potential bias within the sample, relative to the total numbers of staff members:\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online survey data", - "confidence": 0.9909063577651978, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5664440393447876, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6144691109657288, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "online survey", - "confidence": 0.9845883250236511, - "start": 238, - "end": 240 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8399266600608826, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.7908024191856384, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "international staff", - "confidence": 0.969974160194397, - "start": 193, - "end": 195 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "open\nsurvey questions", - "confidence": 0.9469650983810425, - "start": 405, - "end": 408 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "employees", - "confidence": 0.5286428928375244, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Gender and age:_ The gender balance is even (1:1). The age-profile is somewhat skewed in\ncomparison with the total population of UNHCR staff, and since none of the respondents are\naged 21-30, 20 per cent are aged 31-40, 45 per cent 41-50 and 30 per cent 51-60. The mean\nage for the sample is 46, and as against the total staff mean age of 40.5. [1]\n\n\n_Citizenship by region:_ There is no predominant citizenship of amongst participants; although,\nemployees who have citizenship in the Global North are slightly over-represented (60 per\ncent) relative to the composition of the total population of UNHCR staff. The citizenship of\nparticipants is used to establish a simple distinction between those from rich and poor\ncountries using the World Bank\u2019s indicators of development and GNI index. Although this\ncollapses significant diversity within the sample it serves to illustrate broad distinctions that\nare useful in the subsequent analysis.\n\n\n_Education:_ These employees represent a group of highly educated and skilled workers since\ntwo thirds have postgraduate or professional qualifications, and the remaining quarter have\nundergraduate degrees.\n\n\n_Relationships:_ Since transnational careers can have a profound effect on the families and\nopportunities for partnership formation of transnational professionals it is significant to note\nthat 50 per cent of female participants in this sample are single, whereas less than a quarter of\nthe men are single. Three-quarters of the male participants are in a relationship, although a\nhigh proportion of these are living apart from their partners due to the insecure locations in\nwhich many of them work (e.g. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq).\n\n\n_Mobility:_ Mobility here is measured by two variables: the number of times they have\nrelocated to another country (for 3 months or longer) for their jobs and the number of work\ntrips (that do not involve relocation) that they had undertaken in the preceding 12 months. For\nthis sample, 8 out of 10 respondents have relocated 5 or more times in their career; the\nmedian number of relocations is 8; and 4 out of 10 staff had undertaken 5 or more work trips\nin the preceding year and the median number of work trips per year is 4.\n\n\n**Mobility for work**\n\n\nWellbeing at work is shaped by the relationship between the individual and the organisation.\nThe UNHCR\u2019s rotation policy is the distinctive system by which the mobility of staff\nmembers is organised. Given the status of rotation as a pillar of organisational practice and\nculture (Wigley 2005), how it is received and incorporated into people\u2019s lives is a critical\nquestion for this study.\n\nStaff members at UNHCR are subject to its particular matrix of demands, incentives,\nopportunities and constraints. Rotation involves the ranking of duty stations based on a\nhierarchy related to degrees of comfort or hardship (H and A \u2013 E) whereby H (headquarters),\n\n\n\n1 Source: staff intranet (accessed 15-04-11).\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "indicators of development and GNI index", - "confidence": 0.801601231098175, - "start": 151, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_Mobility", - "confidence": 0.5897895693778992, - "start": 307, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7455323338508606, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A and B denote comfortable duty stations (typically, offices in capital cities) and E denotes\nextreme hardship (for example: duty stations in Afghanistan or Sudan). International staff are\nrelocated for fixed periods depending on their posting\u2019s place in this hierarchy (typically, 4-5\nyears for an H or A-rated station, as against 2 years maximum for an E).\n\nThe time limit imposed on assignments at E duty stations is intended to protect staff from\nburnout caused by working in extreme conditions. The ways in which employees describe\nthis process of relocation is indicative of the way in which the UNHCR achieves acceptance\nof the system amongst its international staff, hence organisational trust or discontentment.\n\nIn organisational theory the question of how to create \u2018compliance\u2019 with organisational\nagendas is a fundamental one. Etzioni (1975: 3-5) sets out three ways of eliciting compliance\nwith subordinates in organisations using coercive, remunerative and normative power. In\nEtzioni\u2019s framework these power- _means_ involve physical, material and symbolic rewards and\ndeprivations, respectively.\n\nIt is generally accepted that a normative (symbolic) \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 approach is the most\neffective one (Anthony 1977: 251-2). Thus, in the UNHCR, the reasons that staff comply\nwith mandatory rotation is critical to their wellbeing and \u2013 ultimately \u2013 underpins the efficacy\nof the organisation. In this analysis, I examine employees\u2019 reasons for their mobility as\nindicative of their attitudes to the system.\n\n\nSurvey respondents were asked their reasons for accepting their most recent job or\nassignment? This question was designed to capture individuals\u2019 orientations towards\nmobility. They were asked to select from a list of reasons and rank whether they were not at\nall or not very important, fairly important or very important to them. Although this question\nrelies on people\u2019s memories \u2013 and their retrospective recollection of reasoning that maybe\ndistorted by hindsight \u2013 it nonetheless provides some insight into self-conscious processes of\nreconciliation between the individual and the organisation.\n\n\n_BOX 1.1 Reasons for mobility based on respondents\u2019 most recent assignment_\n\n\n1. Making a difference to society by improving people\u2019s\n\nlives\n\n\n2. Gaining professional experience and skills\n\n\n3. To learn about different cultures or ways of life\n\n\n4. To live near or with my partner/family\n\n\n5. Future (expected) career advancement\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey respondents", - "confidence": 0.5655357241630554, - "start": 275, - "end": 277 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7140900492668152, - "start": 275, - "end": 276 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Reasons for mobility", - "confidence": 0.7218494415283203, - "start": 376, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8026208877563477, - "start": 381, - "end": 382 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Box 1.1 lists the reasons selected by UNHCR staff in order of popularity. This analysis\nsuggests that commitment to the UNHCR mandate to protect refugees is at the forefront of\nmany staff members\u2019 minds when making decisions about assignments. The response most\nfrequently ranked as very important as a reason for accepting their previous assignment is\n\u2018making a difference to society by improving people\u2019s lives\u2019 (55 per cent) and fairly\nimportant (37 per cent); this is followed by \u2018gaining professional experience and skills\u2019 (45\nper cent and 45 per cent, respectively); a quarter selected: \u2018to live near or with my\npartner/family\u2019 and a quarter selected \u2018to learn about different cultures and ways of life\u2019 as\nvery important to them; this latter reason is ranked by a significant proportion of respondents\nas fairly important (44 per cent). A quarter of respondents cite \u2018future career advancement\u2019 as\nvery important for them, and it is fairly important for a third of them.\n\nMost of these reasons for mobility are not associated with a specific category of employees\nby age, gender or region. That is, women and men in the organisation are equally likely to\nidentify with reasons 1 and 2 (Box 1.1); and neither does age emerge as significantly\nassociated with reasoning here. However, staff members whose countries of citizenship are in\nthe \u2018Global South\u2019 are more likely to choose \u2018future (expected) career advancement\u2019 than\nthose from the \u2018Global North\u2019 (p<0.05); and men are significantly more likely to select this\nreason for accepting their most recent assignment than women (p<0.1).\n\nAlmost half of the respondents offered additional statements to explain their responses. These\nreasons shed light on the complexity of \u2018choices\u2019 facing staff on rotation. Three respondents\ndescribe intrinsic work-centred aspects of their assignments, for example, implementing a\nparticular project, and the more generic: \u201cGood supervisor and interesting operation.\u201d\n\nOthers are less specific, and refer to their commitment to humanitarian work and/or the UN in\ngeneral: \u201cJust believe in what I'm doing and reasons for which I'm doing it.\u201d\n\n\nHowever the majority of responses feature an account of the system \u2013 either with or without\nany personal reflections on it. Some recount in detail how they\u2019re reconciling individual\naspirations, family commitments and the organisational process:\n\n\nUNHCR has a rotation policy so movement is required. My present duty station\nwas selected as it suited my professional and personal circumstances.\n\n\nMy motivation is humanitarian work. My husband is also in the same field.\nHaving small children, having the family together and pursuing careers in\nhumanitarian work best explains our situation.\n\n\nAs I was living in a duty station (DS) that became non-family and subject to\nregular disruptions of the security situation I had to find a secure environment\nwhere to live with my two young children. I applied to other DS in Africa, but\nonly got the post here.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "These statements highlight potential tensions between individual preferences and the\nUNHCR system whereby duty stations are classified \u2013 as \u2018family\u2019 or \u2018non-family\u2019 \u2013 and\nopportunities are effectively ranked _for them_ depending on their family situation, health and\njob-specific criteria.\n\nIt is not possible to discern from the descriptive explanations of rotation offered by many\nrespondents where they stand personally with respect to their willingness or reluctance to\ncomply with it. However, it may be instructive that only two respondents explicitly describe a\nmismatch between their preferences and the onus on them to work internationally:\n\n\nMy preferred choice is to work in my own country, but due to job\ninsecurities within UNHCR and repetitive post cuts I had to \"go\ninternational\".\n\n\nGiven the difficulties interpreting people\u2019s attitudes to rotation from some of their survey\nresponses, the interviews I conducted provided a valuable insight into processes of\nreconciliation between individuals and the organisation, in other words the \u2018compliance\nrelationship\u2019 (Etzioni 1975: 4). They revealed how many people offset the difficulties\nassociated with rotation by their capacity to make a difference \u2018in the field\u2019:\n\n\nI'm a field man first! Like I said, the reasons I stayed with UNHCR is\nbecause I can see the results of my efforts right in front of my eyes and that is something special. No other job can give me that\nsatisfaction.\n\n\nI feel that you need to be a special kind of person willing to take risks,\nto suffer a bit, to face hardship conditions in some cases, to face the\nfact that you may need to be separated from the family. Yet very\nfulfilling, very rewarding, the help that you provide to people \u2013 which\nis not related necessarily to the amount of income that you're getting,\nbut this feeling of interest in others and to help others.\n\n\nIn studies relating to work and wellbeing exercising agency, or having a sense of control over\none\u2019s life, is found to be a critical aspect of both job satisfaction and happiness (Graham\n2011; Khattab and Fenton 2009). Thus, a further question intended to examine the nexus\nbetween the individual and organisation asked staff how much \u2018choice\u2019 they had regarding\nthe countries that they had relocated to for their jobs.\n\n\nIt revealed that only 13 per cent perceived a high degree of choice, 60 per cent a \u2018fair degree\nof choice\u2019, and 27 per cent not much choice or no choice at all (aggregating the latter two\ncategories). Thus, a sizeable minority of respondents perceive themselves as subject to\norganisational directives, rather than exercising choice, in this fundamental aspect of their\njobs (see figure 1.1).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR system", - "confidence": 0.8815205693244934, - "start": 10, - "end": 12 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.82881760597229, - "start": 60, - "end": 61 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews", - "confidence": 0.5545409321784973, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Etzioni", - "confidence": 0.966596782207489, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "1975", - "confidence": 0.6063821315765381, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "studies relating to work and wellbeing", - "confidence": 0.7450153827667236, - "start": 345, - "end": 351 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5029979944229126, - "start": 381, - "end": 382 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6204022765159607, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "figure 1.1", - "confidence": 0.5179600715637207, - "start": 499, - "end": 503 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8414867520332336, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_FIGURE 1.1 Pie chart showing perceptions of choice amongst international UNHCR staff_\n_about the countries that they relocate to for their jobs_\n\n\nGiven the intensity of internal competition for positions country choice is actually very\nlimited for all international staff members, although they do have choice about which posts,\nhence destinations, to apply for. Nonetheless, the remaining 73 per cent perceive themselves\nas having a fair or high degree of choice. Thus, how \u2018choice\u2019 is perceived and understood\nclearly depends on differing expectations and experiences (see figure 1.1).\n\n\nWhen this aspect of \u2018choice\u2019 is incorporated into the analysis of job satisfaction and life\nsatisfaction in order to examine whether it affects the wellbeing of international staff at\nUNHCR, it does not appear to affect their job satisfaction or overall life satisfaction. Having\nsaid that, limited choice about the amount of work travel undertaken does significantly\ncorrelate with lower life satisfaction (see section 3.7).\n\n\nThere is some evidence to suggest that length of time in the organisation (job tenure) affects\nperceived degree of choice (p < 0.05) \u2013 however the numbers were too small here to be\ndecisive; yet, critically, managerial status, gender and region of citizenship (Global South or\nGlobal North) do not appear to affect country \u2018choice\u2019, thus underlining the centrality of\n\u2018fairness\u2019 to operation of the system (see Wigley 2005: 39-41).\n\n\nOverall these responses indicate tacit acceptance of mandatory rotation, as an expected\ncondition of employment in the roles that they hold, rather than a source of contention for\nmany. As one interviewee pragmatically puts it: \u2018it has its pros and its cons, like everything\u2019.\n\n\nHowever, a number of respondents raised concerns about the lack of help from the\norganisation to help manage their transitions into a new context. These aspects of relocating\nare primarily left to the individual staff member. Table 1.1 suggests that many of the social\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "aspects of relocating and preparing for transition are left up to the individual (and their\ncolleagues) on their arrival at a duty station. Local provision, both formally and informally,\ncan vary a great deal between sites.\n\n\nStrikingly, only 15 per cent of staff report receiving information about a context before their\narrival that they describe as \u2018helpful\u2019 (11 per cent describe it as \u2018not very helpful\u2019) and a\nquarter report that they have received \u2018helpful\u2019 information after arrival (although for a\nfurther 24 per cent, it is classified as \u2018Provided but not very helpful\u2019). 10 per cent of\nrespondents state that they did not require information or training to help them adjust.\n\n\nIn roughly two thirds of cases, mentoring, intercultural and language training are simply not\nprovided at all. Yet, notably, most of those who have been offered these forms of support\ndescribe it as helpful. In the following analysis mentoring \u2013 that is, the support of a mentor or\nline manager \u2013 emerges as key factor that correlates significantly with several aspects of job\nsatisfaction (see section 3.5).\n\n\n_TABLE 1.1: Thinking about your most recent international assignment, did your organisation_\n_provide the following assistance for you and \u2013 if provided \u2013 was it helpful?_\n\n\n\n_**Social assistance &**_\n_**information**_\n\n\n\n**Not**\n**provided**\n\n\n\n**Not**\n**required**\n\n\n\n**Offered**\n**but not**\n**taken up**\n\n\n\n**Provided**\n**but not**\n**very**\n**helpful**\n\n\n\n**Provided**\n**and**\n**helpful**\n\n\n\n**TOTAL**\n\n\n**%**\n\n\n\n**Mentoring** 60 13 0 4 23 100\n**Intercultural training** 79 11 0 0 11 100\n**Language training** 66 9 9 0 17 100\n**Information about the** 61 13 0 11 15 100\n**context** _**before**_ **arrival**\n\n\n\n**accommodation**\n\n\n**children\u2019s education**\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The provision of practical assistance appears to be more standardised across duty stations.\nVariation arises for staff due to their varying circumstances rather than provision. Help for\nrelocating with one\u2019s family, transporting belongings and financial support for children\u2019s\neducation is routinely provided, and \u2013 in most cases \u2013 helpful when taken up. On the other\nhand, accommodation is not routinely provided and help finding accommodation is limited;\nexcept in cases, as one respondent mentions, when their accommodation in a UNHCR\ncompound is \u2018mandatory for security reasons\u2019.\n\n\nThe follow-up question asking respondents to explain their answers revealed differing\nperspectives on the topic of organisational assistance. A number of respondents describe the\nlack of support or system for relocation:\n\n\nThe reality is that very little support [is offered] before an\ninternational staff member moves to a new duty station.\n\n\nThe main challenge is that you are not provided any support to settle\ndown, nor with time to do so. Thus, all has to be done during\nweekends and lunch breaks (enrolling kids in school, finding a house,\na car, signing insurance contracts\u2026). In other non-Western contexts\nno support is provided either\u2026\n\n\nThere is no system in place to provide accurate, updated info about the\nnew country prior to arrival and [it is] practically non-existent after\narrival. It is more through colleagues . . . that information is made\navailable.\n\n\nThe above response indicates how important personal networks are and that sharing\ninformation informally between colleagues is the way that many UNHCR staff deal with\nthe process of relocation. Others describe their self-sufficiency, in this respect, as follows:\n\n\nThere is no formal language or settling in provision. After more than\n17 years in UNHCR I have become self-sufficient.\n\n\nUsually, before applying, I read a lot about the country and document\nmyself. I prepare a list of words that would help me to communicate\nwith people\u2026\n\n\nAlthough many respondents acknowledge the lack of support and system to provide\ninformation and help prepare staff for relocation, they do not explicitly complain about its\nabsence. Nonetheless, these statements do indicate that placing the onus on individuals to\nfind information about the context and organising basic aspects of their lives \u2013 such as,\nfinding housing, doctors and schools \u2013 is time-consuming, and can detract from their ability\nto do their jobs effectively on arrival.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "One interviewee described at length the amount of time and energy he invested in researching\noptions, prior to accepting an assignment. He elaborates on the \u2018cons\u2019 of rotation here:\n\n\nAt the same time it has a lot of difficult areas because you also start up\nwith new friends, you have to look for a new house, you have to look for\na new school, you have to get doctors, I mean all of the elements that\ncome with changing a country, you have to deal with them every two or\nthree or four years or five years depending on where. So this is quite\nstressful in many cases. You have to look for a house, you have to look\nfor a school, and then that's the first thing in my case that I do, first I look\nfor the school for the kids and then I worry about the house. And many\ntimes, well sometimes, . . . I have been searching about information about\nthe schools of the countries where I may go before I worry about the\nconditions of the country.\n\n\nThis detailed account from an interview with a staff member of 20 years illustrates the\ncomplex and multifaceted aspects of relocation that are reflected in people\u2019s everyday lives\nand concerns. Despite acceptance of rotation by many survey respondents (see also Wigley\n2005), in-depth interviews reveal the personal investment and costs involved that the system\nperpetuates. These include: time invested in research, periods of separation from their\nfamilies, and relationship break down (see section 2). Moreover \u2013 as the above interviewee\nnotes \u2013 timing affects not only the individual but often their partner\u2019s ability to work and\ncareer prospects, yet the scheduling of rotation rarely takes these factors into account.\n\n\nAnother interviewee proposes the pragmatic solution of being allowed to work half time for\nan initial period following arrival, so that the staff member has time to organise the basics,\nfind somewhere to live and orient oneself to the city \u2013 in terms of neighbourhoods \u2013 as well\nadjusting to a new job. She describes relocation and the process of settling into a new place,\nas follows: \u201cInitially, it\u2019s quite stressful trying to find a work-life balance.\u201d\n\n\nHer suggestion would alleviate the pressure of learning about a job and adjusting to a new\nlocation at the same time. Indeed, despite the benefits associated with relocating to Geneva a\nnumber respondents detail the difficulties of finding accommodation and settling in the city.\n\n\nIn multinational corporations, \u2018pre-assignment visits\u2019 (also known as \u2018look-see\u2019 trips,\nMalewski 2005) are incorporated into many expatriate relocation packages in order to\nmanage expectations prior to commencing an assignment and, ultimately, to help ensure the\nsuccess of the transfer. Since the cost of such pre-assignment visits may be prohibitive for the\nUNHCR, _time allowances_ prior to and following relocation for staff members to research\nhousing, schools and other aspects of settling in a new place would at least lower the stress\noften experienced by staff on arrival.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Relationships, identities and home**\n\n\nA consequence of geographical mobility that has a profound influence on the wellbeing of\nemployees relates to their capacity to sustain relationships with their family, partners and\nfriends. As discussed in the previous section, mobility can affect children and partners on\nrelocation as much as UNHCR staff themselves.\n\n\nMoreover, it often entails \u2013 what some scholars call \u2013 the \u2018stretching\u2019 of social ties across\ndistance (Levitt and Glick Schiller 2004). They refer to the declining need for face-to-face\ncontact for families and communities to be connected, due to advances in technology and\naccess to cheaper and more frequent flights. In this section, I set out to examine how far this\nperspective resonates with the experience of international UNHCR staff.\n\n\n39 per cent of staff participating in the survey are single; 52 per cent are married, and the\nremaining 9 per cent are in are relationship and not married. Of those 61 per cent who are in a\nrelationship, 60 per cent of women and men are living with their partner, whereas 40 per cent\nare living apart from their partner.\n\n\n_FIGURE 2.1 A graph showing the relationship status of staff by gender_\n\n\nAlthough, the survey did not question people directly about the reason for living apart from\ntheir partner in these cases, respondents\u2019 reflections to open questions reveal that a serious\ncost of mobility facing many international UNHCR staff stems from them having to do so\ndue to the place in which they are located for their job. Many staff describe the downside of\nrelocation in terms of its effect upon their relationships with their partners; whereas others\nemphasize the difficulties establishing a \u2018meaningful relationship\u2019 with a partner:\n\n\nOne interviewee elaborated on these difficulties emphatically as follows:\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "You must understand one very important thing, many of us from the\nUNHCR, many of us who have served many years \u2013 I say many but\nnot all \u2013 for many of us our marriages were impacted. You know, I\nwas in Iran for 2 years in the field, I was away from my family and I\nwas not able to cope with being a husband and father to my family\nbecause they were elsewhere, and this is something that impacts on\nmany of us. I went through a divorce.\n\n\nNotably, there is marked gender variation within this sample since over 55 per cent of female\nsurvey respondents are single, whereas less than a quarter of the male respondents are single.\nMoreover, although, female and male staff members in this sample are equally likely to have\nchildren (60 per cent), the proportion of parents who live with their children varies by gender.\nThat is, all female staff who have a child under 16 years live with them whereas only 1 in 5\nmale staff who have children are currently living with them. 60 per cent of respondents who\nhave children are living with their children all or some of the time.\n\n\n_FIGURE 2.2: A graph showing the proportion of staff with children and living with their_\n_children by gender_\n\n\nClearly, relocating with a partner and children poses challenges for families. Yet these\nchallenges can become particularly pronounced for staff who are no longer together with the\nfather or mother of their child(ren), since living in different countries limits children\u2019s\nopportunities to maintain contact with both parents. The following respondent describes these\nchallenges as follows:\n\n\nWhat has been more challenging so far has been the management of\nthe close family and the relation with the partner and father of my\nchildren, also due to the work requirements. Now that the children are\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "growing, moving with them and as a single mother could become a\nchallenge.\n\n\nYet despite the considerable challenges facing international staff and their families on\nrelocation, overall very few respondents report that \u2018international experience\u2019 has had a\n\u2018negative effect on their relationships with their families\u2019 (< 10 per cent) in response to a\ndirect question in the online survey, whereas almost half report that \u2018international experience\u2019\nhas actually \u2018improved their relationships with their families\u2019. The following account may\nhelp to explain why:\n\n\nWhile I have become more distant physically from my parents and\nsiblings, we do keep close contact. The availability of cheaper\ntelephone calls has improved our quality of keeping in touch\nsignificantly. Our nuclear family (my husband and children) are very\nclose; as we rotate and leave friends/family behind and make new\nones, the core family becomes very close.\n\n\nNonetheless, the efforts involved in keeping in touch with close family, elsewhere, _and_\ncultivating friendships \u2018in the field\u2019 takes its toll on some. Two respondents describe these\nefforts starkly as follows:\n\n\nAs an international staff we have to sacrifice socialising with our close\nrelatives and opt for \"temporary friendships\".\n\n\nOver time I find I spend less time cultivating a lot of friends \u2013 I get\ntired of making friends to watch either them or me leave.\n\n\nA further set of questions asked respondents about the relatives and friends with whom\nthey keep in touch most frequently. Although 90 per cent of all respondents are living in\nanother country from their parents, almost all of those who are in touch with their parents\nsee them at least once a year. They therefore appear to be succeeding in maintaining\ntransnational relationships.\n\n\nSimilarly, over half report meeting with a school friend at least once a year and 6 out of 10\nmeet with a friend whom they know from a previous job at least once a year. Furthermore,\nalmost all report having a good friend who works in the UNHCR; 4 out 10 states that they\nmeet this good friend several times a month and 7 out of 10 communicate with them via\ntelephone, text or the internet several times a month. Nonetheless, since 2 out of 10\nrespondents report not having met this good friend at all in the preceding 12 months,\nsocial ties between friends within the UNHCR are clearly also stretched across distance.\n\n\nThis brings us to the question of how much international staff identify with the UNHCR\nand feel a sense of belonging and attachment to the organisation that may help to offset\nsome of the challenges of transitory living situations and geographical distance from close\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "family and friends. Respondents were asked about their attachments to different particular\nplaces, communities and work in order to analyse aspects of identity construction:\n\n\nThe analysis of their responses demonstrate that these international UNHCR staff have a high\nsense of attachment to their profession or vocation 48 per cent report that they are _strongly_\n_attached_ and 41 per cent _fairly strongly attached_ to their line of work; attachment to the\nUNHCR is similarly high 41 per cent are _strongly attached_ and 55 per cent _fairly strong_\n_attached_ to the organisation _._\n\n\n_FIGURE 2.3 Bar chart showing levels of attachment to the UNHCR, places and communities_\n_by staff members\u2019 region of citizenship_\n\n\nConsidering place-based identities, such as \u2018country of citizenship\u2019 and \u2018place of birth\u2019 shows\nthat 29 per cent are _strongly attached_ to their country of citizenship and 43 per cent fairly\nstrongly attached to it; and they report similar levels of attachment to their place of birth.\nThus what is most striking about this data is the relatively low sense of attachment that these\ninternational staff express about the place or country in which they are living for their work,\nonly 7 per cent are _strongly_ attached to either, and 33 per cent are _fairly strongly_ attached to\nthe place where they are living and working.\n\nThis data thereby demonstrates that attachment to occupation and organisation supersedes\nplace-based or national attachments. Moreover, it is clear that the organisation does not\nmerely signify an international community, of which staff are part, since when asked directly\nabout attachment to an international community levels are significantly lower: only 12 per\ncent are strongly attached and 43 fairly strongly attached to an international community.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Figure 2.3 shows that attachment to the UNHCR, places and communities varies by region of\norigin. Staff members with citizenship in the Global South are more attached to the\norganisation (p<0.01), the place in which they are living and working (p<<0.05), their\ncountry of citizenship and place of birth (p<0.1) than staff who hold citizenship in the Global\nNorth.\n\n\nIn order to capture more subtle aspects of identity and belonging, respondents were asked the\nfinal open question: \u201cAnd finally where - if anywhere - do you feel most at home?\u201d\n\n\nHome is taken to signify a sense of belonging and feeling at ease, hence being a useful\nindicator of wellbeing. Yet in this analysis only a quarter of UNHCR staff define home as\nsomething that travels with them, that is, they express what Nowicka (2007) calls a \u2018mobile\nconstruction\u2019 of home, which can be anywhere. These international staff who express a nonterritorial definition of home often describe home in terms of the presence of their family,\npartner or children. Accordingly those who relocate alone \u2013 for whatever reason \u2013 may find\nthe social aspects of establishing themselves in a new destination more challenging.\n\n\nOver half of the sample defines home in terms of geographically fixed places, for example:\n\u2018my home country\u2019 and 1 in 10 answers imply nowhere, rather than the cosmopolitan ideal of\nanywhere. \u201cDifficult to say after living in so many countries.\u201d \u201cNowhere \u2013 that\u2019s the\nproblem!\u201d One response aptly captures this ambiguity, as follows: \u201cEverywhere and\nnowhere.\u201d\n\n\n**Wellbeing, work and life**\n\nThe survey questioned respondents about how satisfied they are with the following aspects of\ntheir jobs: their sense of achievement, influence in the organisation, opportunities for\nprogression, income, day-to-day work tasks, amount of work they have to do, amount of\ntravel they have to do, work-life balance; and, the support received from mentors or line\nmanagers.\n\nFigure 3.1 shows that most respondents are fairly or very satisfied with their sense of\nachievement in the organisation, job security and income; they tend to be fairly satisfied with\nthe amount of work they have to do, least satisfied with their work-life balance; and not very\nsatisfied with the support they receive from a mentor or line manager (6 out of 10 are not\nvery or not at all satisfied). Over half the respondents are fairly or very satisfied with their\nopportunities for progression in the organisation, thus just under half are not at all or not very\nsatisfied with these opportunities.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sample", - "confidence": 0.7531663179397583, - "start": 241, - "end": 242 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8359958529472351, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9716140627861023, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8732053637504578, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9952686429023743, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_FIGURE 3.1: A Bar chart showing the extent of different dimensions of job satisfaction_\n\n\nThese aspects of job satisfaction can loosely be categorised as individual (for example: sense\nof achievement), as somehow representing the employment relationship between the\nindividual and organisation (for example: influence, work-life balance, support from a mentor\nor line-manager) and organisational (denoting systems, such as, income and job security).\nAlthough amount of work and travel are determined by the organisation they are not included\nin these categories since they tend to be shaped by unexpected demands and a number of\nfactors that are both external and internal to the organisation, which can vary dramatically\nover time; they do not therefore necessarily reflect organisational systems directly.\n\nElsewhere in the survey respondents are asked the more encompassing question in order to\ncapture their sense of wellbeing (see Graham 2011): \u201cOn the whole, thinking about your life,\nusing this scale from 1 to 10, please could you select how satisfied or dissatisfied you are\nwith the life that you lead.\u201d\n\nUsing bivariate analysis to analyse responses to these two questions thereby facilitates\nunderstanding of the interplay between different aspects of wellbeing, by revealing\nsignificant correlations between variables. The following analysis is structured in three\nstages:\n\n\n - firstly, identifying statistically significant relationships between different aspects of\njob satisfaction and life satisfaction;\n\n\n - secondly, by exploring how individual demographic characteristics (gender, age,\nregion and having children) are associated with relative job (dis)satisfactions and life\nsatisfaction; and,\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8432131409645081, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6810171008110046, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Graham", - "confidence": 0.9463843703269958, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6796888709068298, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9193753600120544, - "start": 142, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "scale", - "confidence": 0.9100056886672974, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Graham", - "confidence": 0.947810709476471, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6360986828804016, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- thirdly, by analysing how job characteristics and work histories (namely, managerial\nstatus, number of relocations and frequency of work trips) influence these different\naspects of contentment or discontentment with work and life.\n\n\n_TABLE 3.1: Spearmans rho correlations between aspects of job satisfaction and life_\n_satisfaction_\n\n\n\n**Dimensions of job satisfaction**\n_How satisfied_ A B C D E F **Life**\n_are you with the_ Sense of Influence Work- Amount Support Income **Satisfaction**\n_following_ achieve- in the life of work from\n_aspects of your_ ment UNHCR balance mentor or\n_job?_ manager\n\n\n\nA\nSense of\nachievement\n\n\n\nB\nInfluence\nin the\nUNHCR\n\n\n\nC\nWorklife\nbalance\n\n\n\nD\nAmount\nof work\n\n\n\nE\nSupport\nfrom\nmentor or\nmanager\n\n\n\nF\nIncome\n\n\n\n**A Achievement** 1 0.51** - 0.29* 0.35* - 0.38*\n\n\n - p< 0.05; **p<0.01\n\nFrom the first bivariate analysis we see that the only aspects of job satisfaction (JS) that have\na direct and positive correlation with life satisfaction (LS) are sense of achievement and the\namount of work you have to do. Table 3.1 shows that there is a clear and predictable\ncorrelation between job satisfaction with amount of work you have to do and work-life\nbalance (p<0.01). Yet what I have called the \u2018bridging variables\u2019 that capture social aspects\nof the employment relationship between the individual and the organisation (influence and\nsupport from a mentor or manager) appear to correlate with a number of dimensions of job\nsatisfaction, including sense of achievement, and thereby \u2013 at least indirectly \u2013 influence\noverall life satisfaction.\n\nAlthough we cannot presume that causal relationships exist between these different aspects of\njob satisfaction, since support from a mentor or line manager correlates with influence in the\norganisation, work-life balance (R=0.47 and R=0.56 at the p<0.01 level) and sense of\nachievement (R=.0.35 at the p<0.05 level) it seems likely to bolster these other aspects of job\nsatisfaction, hence limit potential dissatisfactions.\n\nNotably, the second stage of the analysis revealed no significant variation by gender, age or\nregion of citizenship (that is, comparing staff members with citizenship in the Global South\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "with those of the Global North), except that staff with citizenship in the Global South were\nmore satisfied with their sense of achievement in the organisation.\n\nHowever, analysis of how relationship status and living with children affect life satisfaction\nreveals that single staff members who do not have (or are not living with) children tend to\nhave higher life satisfaction (mean = 8) than single staff living with children (mean = 6); staff\nwith partners (with or without children) are in the middle (7.6).\n\nFinally, the third stage of the analysis examined whether staff members\u2019 status in the\norganisation and mobility affect various dimensions of job satisfaction. These include: having\nline-managerial responsibility, length of time in the organisation, and the amount of travel the\nstaff member undertakes for their job. It shows that length of time in the organisation (job\ntenure) does not inform aspects of job satisfaction to a significant extent. Unsurprisingly staff\nmembers with managerial responsibility were more satisfied with their influence in the\norganisation (p<0.1) and sense of achievement (p<0.05), than those without managerial\nresponsibility; however, notably, the former are less satisfied with their incomes (p<0.1)\n(N.B. the sample of the non-managers included is too small to be decisive in this analysis).\n\nRegarding amount of international travel that a staff member undertakes, those who go on 5\nor less work trips a year are significantly more satisfied with their lives (LS) than those who\ntravel more frequently (the median number of trips is 4; and 1 in 10 staff report 15-21 trips\nper year). Yet amount of travel (without relocation) does not significantly influence the\ndifferent aspects of job satisfaction explored.\n\nThe effect of intense travel upon life satisfaction resonates with the following account of a\nsenior officer in the organisation who travels intensively for his job. He notes that being\nallowed recovery time \u2013 from jet lag \u2013 was a \u2018thing of the past\u2019: \u201cThe travel itself is quite\nnauseous \u2013 you know when people hear you travel a lot they think that's a wonderful job \u2013\n\n[but] in reality, spending your time in airports, planes, conference rooms and meetings is not\na huge amount of fun - if you have to do it regularly.\u201d\n\nPerhaps surprisingly, the number of times a staff member has relocated for their job does not\nsignificantly affect their reported job satisfaction or life satisfaction. Moreover, the analysis\nshows that choice about country or countries of employment does not significantly affect the\njob satisfaction or life satisfaction of these transnational professionals (see sections 1.8-1.9).\n\nNonetheless for some staff members the negative consequences of relocation for their health,\nrelationships and wellbeing are pronounced. One respondent describes her experience bleakly\nas follows: \u201c[Relocation] negatively impacted my spiritual life; [and] caused burnout 3 times\n(once after working in 3 emergency situations back-to-back). Has resulted in my husband and\nI living apart nearly our entire marriage, because of his inability to find work in his career\nwhere I've been posted.\u201d\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusions and recommendations**\n\n\nJason Reitman\u2019s film _Up in the Air_ (2009) depicts in vivid ethnographic detail some of the\nelements of travelling business class and elegantly embodying an elite lifestyle on the move.\nYet behind the scenes, the protagonist Ryan Bingham\u2019s conventional \u2018home\u2019 is a bleak\napartment that he barely spends any time in (43 days out of a year to be precise); it is dull and\nalmost entirely lacking in what many of us would consider \u2018home comforts\u2019. In effect, the\nfilm evocatively displays the deprivations of what Sociologists call the \u2018disembedding\u2019\nwrought by globalization, that is, the disruption of established relationships between place,\nhome, social and familial ties. International UNHCR staff in this report acknowledge \u2013 unlike\nthe fictional Bingham \u2013 that life on the move entails costs as well as privileges.\n\n\nMuch research suggests that people who lead transnational lives develop a mobile (nonterritorial) understanding of home (Nowicka 2007). However in this study only a quarter of\nUNHCR staff define home as something that travels with them, that is, they express what\nNowicka calls a \u2018mobile construction of home\u2019, which can be anywhere. This finding is\nsurprising given the heightened mobility of international UNHCR staff within the system of\nrotation.\n\n\nNotably UNHCR takes care of many of the practical aspects of relocation \u2013 namely,\ntransporting family, belongings and household (though typically not providing or finding\naccommodation), but the social aspects of relocation \u2013 mentoring, intercultural training and\ninformation about the local context \u2013 are less consistently provided (in a quarter or fewer\ncases) thereby laying the responsibility for adjustment squarely upon the individual staff\nmember on arrival. They have to become self-sufficient, spend a considerable amount of time\nresearching various options prior to accepting an assignment and rely on an informal network\nof colleagues.\n\n\nSince compliance refers to the means by which an organisations achieves its goals by means\nof specific rewards and deprivations, and the orientations of subordinated actors to\norganisational directives, it provides a useful theoretical framework for analysing the\norientations of UNHCR staff, namely the employment relationship.\n\n\nIn this analysis my focus is international working and understanding how employees\nincorporate rotation into their lives as fundamental aspect of their jobs. Etzioni (1975: 8)\ncontends that the application of the \u2018wrong\u2019 kind of power \u2013 for example, economic\nincentives \u2013 when people\u2019s commitment is \u2018idealistic\u2019 can neutralize its effectiveness,\nbecause it is deemed illegitimate in that context. In this case, material rewards in terms of\nincome and allowances for undertaking rotation may not necessarily adequately compensate\nfor the social costs of doing so.\n\n\nPractical and financial support is essential for international staff to be able to comply with the\nsystem of rotation; yet since most UNHCR staff are motivated by the desire to make a\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "difference by improving people\u2019s lives _and_ professional advancement \u2013 which are \u2018symbolic\u2019\nrewards in Etzioni\u2019s framework \u2013 then _social_ support from the organisation that facilitates\nand enhances that engagement is more likely to be effective in helping them to fulfil these\nidealistic and moral commitments.\n\n\nPre-assignment visits and training are built into many corporate \u2018expat\u2019 relocation packages\nto address the so-called socio-psychological aspects of mobility (Kamoche 1997). The high\nexpatriate \u2018failure rate\u2019 whereby many corporate transfers return prematurely due to the\ninability of themselves (or their spouse) to adjust to a new setting has prompted investment in\nsuch measures given the huge costs involved in relocating executives and their families\n(Okpara and Kabongo 2011). Research in a number of MNCs suggests that premature return\naffects at least 40 per cent of corporate transfers (Kamoche 1997; Okpara and Kabongo\n2011).\n\n\nClearly certain executive \u2018expat\u2019 expectations differ widely from international UNHCR staff\nmembers\u2019 knowledge and expectations of the \u2018fields\u2019 in which they work. Nonetheless the\ncosts of failure of UNHCR rotations \u2013 financially, emotionally and socially \u2013 are likely have\na significant impact on the organisation\u2019s effectiveness and ability to fulfil its mandate. I\nconclude here by proposing three simple measures that would help to make rotation more\nsocially and emotionally sustainable. These are:\n\n\n - time allowances \u2013 both prior to and following relocation;\n\n - pre-assignment information to reduce individual time spent researching new\ndestinations; and,\n\n - effective mentoring to help individuals to make transitions.\n\n\nThe analysis of job satisfaction reveals that satisfaction with support from a mentor or linemanager correlates significantly with a number of other aspects of job satisfaction \u2013\nsatisfaction with sense of achievement, influence in the organisation and work-life balance.\nThus, effective mentoring of staff who undertake rotation to help them to make transitions\nboth prior to and after relocation is likely to have an extremely positive influence on staff\nwellbeing and their ability to work effectively on arrival.\n\n\nFurther research that helps to qualitatively identify \u2018best practice\u2019 in terms of staff wellbeing\nand effective mentoring relationships in tandem with post-hoc analysis of situations when\nassignments have failed to achieve individual and organisational goals, would help to identify\nexisting lacunae in the system and cost-effective means of redressing them.\n\n\nThe UNHCR system depends on the resilience and independence of its international staff and\ntheir families, yet given the potential fallout in terms of negative consequences when things\ngo wrong \u2013 in terms of adverse effects on health, relationships and wellbeing \u2013 it is vital to\nimplement measures to make mobility socially and emotionally sustainable.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d55c099d-29f7-3e0a-84d2-21b060d94094/4fbf50549.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_880/raw/doc_880_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_880/raw/doc_880_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4433736d8df9ef5fc439b34469916391fdcbbe36..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_880/raw/doc_880_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION CLUSTER SOUTH SUDAN**\n\n**Conflict and Food Insecurity**\n\n**MAY 2023**\n\n\n_Danish Refugee Council (DRC) mine action teams conducting clearance with large loop metal detectors within agricultural_\n\n_land and settlements in Magwi._\n\n\n**BACKGROUND**\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster has recorded an increase in incidents of rights violations associated with the current food\ncrisis that is intensifying in South Sudan. In addition, food distribution as well as agencies engaged in these efforts\nare at significant risk of having their operations disrupted and their staff put in danger by sub-national and\nintercommunal violence, bureaucratic impediments, and physical constraints due to unprecedented flooding,\ncombined with poor road conditions. The food security crisis in South Sudan is worsening amidst ongoing\nintercommunal and sub-national conflict across much of the country. In the lean season projection period from\nApril to July 2023, an estimated 7.76 million people (62.7% of the population) will likely face food crisis or worse\nacute food insecurity, with 43,000 people likely to be in Catastrophic (IPC Phase 5) acute food insecurity in\nAkobo, Canal/Pigi and Fangak counties of Jonglei State; and Leer and Mayendit counties of Unity State. During\nthis period, an estimated 2.90 million people are likely to face Emergency (IPC Phase 4) acute food insecurity.\n\nThere are over 2.2 million displaced persons throughout South Sudan with conflict and natural disasters being\nthe leading drivers of displacement. The continued conflict and attacks on civilians have exacerbated the food\ncrisis due to drought and/ or flooding in some locations and this has significantly impacted the resilience of\nherding and farming communities. Losses of livestocks due to the impacts of widespread flooding further drives\nintercommunal hostilities. This is especially the case in areas that are heavily socio-economically dependent on\ncattle herding sparking high-fatality cattle raids and new waves of violence-induced displacement. This violence\naffects both remote areas and main supply routes and includes human rights violations such as maiming, killing,\ninjury, rape, abduction, looting and destruction of housing and property.\n\n\nConflict induced internal displacement severely affects communities\u2019 access to basic needs, services and food,\nparticularly. In the Greater Pibor Administrative Area, intercommunal violence has destroyed critical\ninfrastructure, including boreholes (often the only source of water), schools, markets, and shelters. These\ndevelopments have negatively impacted livelihoods and jobs and resulted in persisting high levels of household\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/660d68e8-543f-42d3-8276-13f140694240/protection_cluster-_conflict_and_food_insecurity_-_may_2023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vulnerability [1] . In addition to the violence and destruction of infrastructure, high rates of attacks against\nhumanitarian infrastructure and personnel further inhibit the provision of assistance to communities in need.\nSouth Sudan has one of the highest levels of violence against aid workers worldwide. The deteriorating security\nsituation has further exacerbated this. In 2022, 9 aid workers were killed, and nearly 419 incidents related to\nhumanitarian access constraints were reported in 2022, of which 227 (55%) involved violence against\nhumanitarian personnel and assets.\n\n\nAcross South Sudan, 16 million sqm of land (equivalent to over 2,240 football pitches) are contaminated with\nexplosive hazards; in 2023, 538,000 people need mine action efforts. UNMAS monthly reports indicate that in\nCanal/Pigi, Bor South, Akobo, Malakal, Kapoeta, Maban, Fashoda, and Abyei, high food insecurity, explosive\nhazard contamination, and recent conflicts are coinciding, warranting special attention. Coupled with the\nflooding, this has also posed challenges to mine action actors to comprehensively map the full extent of\ncontamination.\n\n\nAt the same time, in Central and Eastern Equatoria, explosive hazard contamination has inhibited access to key\nagricultural land, critical infrastructure, and service delivery, including along return routes. While IPC levels in\nthese states are only at 3 (crisis) at this point, contamination has impeded the region from realizing the full\npotential as one of breadbasket regions for South Sudan \u2013 further contributing to food insecurity across the\ncountry. Furthermore, due to access limitations in South Sudan, such as inadequate infrastructure and\ncontaminated ro ads (with 3,073,703 square meters remaining), it is crucial to integrate mine action, food\nsecurity, and infrastructure efforts.\n\n\n**KEY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\nWhen considering the impact that food insecurity provokes on households and individuals, it is evident that a\nfood crisis is also a protection crisis. The Protection Cluster is concerned that neglecting protection, including\nmine action funding, in the midst of this food crisis will exacerbate the vulnerability of the affected communities\nand expose them to further risks and rights violations \u2013 as is already illustrated by the growing rates of violence.\nKey protection risks include:\n\n\n- **Conflict, violence, systematic breaches of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law are the**\n**main drivers of protection risks. Protection risks aggravate food insecurity, which in turn increases**\n**protection risks and/or exacerbates existing ones**, resulting in a direct correlation and a pernicious cycle\nbetween food scarcity and conflict. Conflict and violence are significantly contributing to catastrophic food\ninsecurity and compounding protection risks due to reduced access to livelihoods. Against a backdrop of\ndire humanitarian needs and a precarious security environment, the protection of women, men, and\nchildren in particular South Sudan has worsened.\n\n- **Cattle raiding, land grabbing and intercommunal conflict** that results in looting and destruction of housing,\nland and property have direct implications on livelihoods and food security of communities. [2]\n\n- **Women and girls are increasingly at-risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, while**\n**searching for food or an income to support themselves and their families.** Intra-domestic tensions are also\nincreasing, heightening the risk of intimate partner violence. **Adolescent girls are facing increased risks of**\n**child marriage.** Rising rates of family separation, intimate partner violence, sexual abuse and exploitation,\nearly/forced marriage and violent attacks occur across crisis contexts and have disproportionate impacts on\n\n\n1 Protection Analysis Update, April 2022\n2 [https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074518/N2236422.pdf, see also,](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074518/N2236422.pdf) [https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074139/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074139/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf)\n[2022.pdf](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074139/PAU-South-Sudan-Jan_March-2022.pdf) UN Security Council Report of the Secretary General, _Sitatuation in South Sudan_, 9 June, S/2022/468, para, 19.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/660d68e8-543f-42d3-8276-13f140694240/protection_cluster-_conflict_and_food_insecurity_-_may_2023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "women and girls. Their exposure to these risks increases when communities face growing humanitarian\nneeds, be it driven by conflict, violence, climate shocks or food insecurity. [3]\n\n- **Risks of forced recruitment and the use of child soldiers** [4] increase as the humanitarian situation\ndeteriorates and the conflict dynamics escalate. Recruitment of armed groups during periods of food\ninsecurity and livelihood uncertainty increase as household and community resilience and coping\nmechanism are worn down.\n\n- **Attacks against humanitarian operations** against aid workers [5] further inhibits the provision of assistance\nto communities in need.\n\n- **Gender discrimination or exclusion:** Risk of GBV within the community, including deprivation of access to\nresources as well as food, contributing to cyclical poverty, underpinning decision making and empowerment\nas humanitarian needs and hunger increase.\n\n\n**RECCOMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n\nHumanitarian country team and Donors\n\n\n- **Funding for protection analysis and programming in food crises must be increased** to help operationalize\nthe Centrality of Protection in a concrete, tangible way, helping better establish the relationship between\nfood insecurity and the broader protection environment.\n\n- **Stand-alone protection activities that address and respond to violence, exploitation and abuse must be**\n**prioritized in allocation strategies submitted to CERF** by the RC/HC and other pooled-fund mechanisms.\n\n- Efforts to promote mine action programming should be prioritized, including increased funding, and\nintegrated programming using mine action as \u201cenabler\u201d other humanitarian and development efforts in\nlight of the nexus.\n\nHumanitarian Actors\n\n- **Food assistance should be prioritized in areas where critical protection incidents such as grave violations,**\n**sexual violence, deliberate destruction of livestock and property are reported** - to avoid further increasing\nprotection risks for already vulnerable populations.\n\n- **Increase programming with local GBV actors, including women-led organizations and communities**\n**directly affected by food security crises**, to better understand the specific needs of women and girls and\naddress issues such as rape and sexual violence.\n\n- Humanitarian actors should **support a more comprehensive** and **sustained approach to access**, ensuring\nnot just one-off food assistance but sustained presence of protection actors and services to ensure the most\nvulnerable are being reached and supported.\n\n\n3 One hundred and thirty-two grave violations against 117 children (56 boys, 61 girls) were verified, including 13 children who suffered multiple\nviolations. A total of 24 children (23 boys, 1 girl) were recruited and used, 34 children (30 boys, 4 girls) were killed (27) and maimed (7), 53 girls\nwere raped, and 6 children (3 boys, 3 girls) were abducted. The violations were attributed to the South Sudan People\u2019s Defence Forces (22 boys,\n53 girls), SPLM/A-IO (13 boys), SPLM/A-IO Kitgwang faction (3 boys, 5 girls), forces loyal to General James Nando (6 boys, 1 girl), SSOA (2 boys),\nNAS (2 boys, 1 girl) and the South Sudan National Police Service (1 boy). Eight violations remained unattributed as they resulted from crossfire\nbetween the South Sudan People\u2019s Defence Forces and SPLM/A-IO (1 girl) and explosive remnants of war (7 boys). UN Security Council Report\nof the Secretary General, _Sitatuation in South Sudan_ [, 9 June, S/2022/468, https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074518/N2236422.pdf](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074518/N2236422.pdf) para, 67.\n4 Ibid.\n5 Violence against humanitarian personnel and operational interference increased. In 2021, there were more forced relocations of aid workers and\nalmost three times as many humanitarians detained as in 2020, with five aid workers also killed.UN Monitoring Group Report, **Letter dated 28 April**\n**2022 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan addressed to the President of the Security Council, 28 April 2022,** s/2022/359,\n[https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N22/307/92/PDF/N2230792.pdf?OpenElement, para, 73.](https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N22/307/92/PDF/N2230792.pdf?OpenElement)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/660d68e8-543f-42d3-8276-13f140694240/protection_cluster-_conflict_and_food_insecurity_-_may_2023%20%281%29.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_881/raw/doc_881_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_881/raw/doc_881_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 92bcb01efac10a847c5f34c2cf7a53e7d136f8f1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_881/raw/doc_881_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1020 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Protection Analysis Report** _Right to identity and civil documentation_\n\n## **October 2021**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### Table of Contents\n\n1. REPORT SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 3\n\n\n2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................. 4\n\n\n2.1. Legal landscape ........................................................................................................................................................ 4\n\n\n2.2. Institutional landscape ............................................................................................................................................. 5\n\n\n2.2.1. Multiple documents and complex administrative processes ........................................................................... 5\n\n\n2.2.2. Insufficient institutional capacities and barriers to access Civil Affairs Directorates....................................... 6\n\n\n2.2.3. Security regulations and access to civil documentation .................................................................................. 7\n\n\n2.3. Normative landscape ............................................................................................................................................... 8\n\n\n2.4. Political landscape ................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n3. PROTECTION RISK ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n3.1. Protection threat ..................................................................................................................................................... 9\n\n\n3.1.1. Patterns of rights-violations ............................................................................................................................. 9\n\n\n3.1.2. Groups most affected by the threat ............................................................................................................... 10\n\n\n3.1.3. Locations most affected by the threat ........................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n3.2. Threat effects on the population ........................................................................................................................... 11\n\n\n3.2.1. Physical safety ................................................................................................................................................. 11\n\n\n3.2.2. Legal safety ..................................................................................................................................................... 12\n\n\n3.2.3. Material safety and access to essential services ............................................................................................ 12\n\n\n3.3. Capacities to address the threat ............................................................................................................................ 13\n\n\n3.3.1. Capacities of the communities ....................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\n3.2.3. Capacities of humanitarian actors .................................................................................................................. 13\n\n\n4. HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE ...................................................................................................................................... 14\n\n\n4.2. Humanitarian Response Plan for 2021 .................................................................................................................. 14\n\n\n4.2. Geographical prioritization .................................................................................................................................... 15\n\n\n5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 16\n\n\n5.1. Operational recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 16\n\n\n5.2. Policy recommendations ....................................................................................................................................... 16\n\n\nFront cover: _Unified Identity Cards_ are being issued to IDPs living in urban areas in Erbil governorate through mobile\nmissions of the Federal Ministry of Interior facilitated by UNHCR and SWEDO.\nCredit: \u00a9 UNHCR/Ahmed Ayad\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 1. REPORT SUMMARY\n\nThis report analyses the risk of identity and civil documentation, including _Birth Certificate_, being denied to conflictaffected individuals, with the aim to better inform the implementation of legal assistance programs and to support\nadvocacy efforts at the policy level. Many institutional challenges drive this risk upward and represent key barriers for\nIDPs and returnees in Iraq to access their civil documents, e.g. the administrative processes are often complex and\ncumbersome due to multiple requirements; the roll-out of the new _Unified ID Card_ is fraught with operational\nchallenges and remains uneven across the country; Civil Affairs Directorates are only partially functional or even closed\nin many locations; distance, restrictions on freedom of movement, cost of transportation and administrative limitations\non the use of Power of Attorney prevent affected individuals from submitting their applications in their areas of origin.\n\n\nMoreover, different patterns of rights violations have emerged. Sometimes, the right of IDPs and returnees to obtain\ndocumentation is deliberately denied by security actors, especially for persons with perceived affiliation to extremist\ngroups, who are usually subjected to multiple requirements related to security clearance and to family denunciation\nprocesses. In most cases, the authorities are unable to effectively provide documentation due to limited operational\nresources dedicated to the Civil Affairs Directorates and to administrative regulations not being adapted to the specific\nsituation of IDPs and returnees.\n\n\nSince the end of the conflict, legal protection actors have developed effective strategies to overcome some of the\nbarriers and challenges faced by affected individuals to access civil documentation, such as the organization of mobile\nmissions co-organized with the Ministry of Interior (MoI) and local Civil Affairs Directorates, the payment of legal and\ntransportation fees or the use of Power of Attorney whenever it is authorized. However, some changes at the\ninstitutional and policy level are needed to address the scale of the issue, such as issuing directives clarifying that\nacquiring identity and civil documents does not require prior security clearance or tribal denunciation processes;\nresolving the operational issues stalling the roll-out of the _Unified ID Card_ ; authorizing displaced individuals to obtain\ndocumentation at their location of displacement; and easing procedures for female-headed household to pass their\nIraqi citizenship onto their children.\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThis report was prepared by analyzing multiple and complementary data sources, as follows:\n\n- The **Multi-Cluster Needs Analysis** is conducted by REACH with the support of other humanitarian actors. It consists\nof interviews at the household-level (HH). Data was collected in June-July 2021 and was used to estimate the number\nof individuals missing civil documents based on the results from the sample of HHs interviewed.\n\n- The **NPC Protection Monitoring System at Community Level** consists of interviews with Key Informants (KI)\nconducted by protection actors. Data was collected in July-August 2021 and provides information on the prevalence\nof the lack of civil documentation by location and on the barriers faced by IDPs and returnees to obtain their\ndocuments. Monitoring is done at the community-level.\n\n- A **mapping of Civil Affairs Directorates** was undertaken by the Protection Cluster and legal actors to assess the\noperational status of Directorates at the local level. It provides information on their institutional capacities and the\nbarriers faced by communities to effectively access those institutions. The operational status of the Directorates\nchanges regularly based on contextual developments. The mapping is updated as of early October 2021.\n\n- The **Activity Info** platform records the services reported by legal actors as part of the Humanitarian Response Plan.\nData covers the period from January to September 2021. It provides information on the response capacities and\nachievements of legal actors across locations. Information is contingent on partners accurately and regularly selfreporting their activities.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Multi-Cluster Needs Analysis", - "confidence": 0.9812561869621277, - "start": 430, - "end": 433 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "interviews at the household-level", - "confidence": 0.5922673344612122, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6328394412994385, - "start": 412, - "end": 413 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.9465799927711487, - "start": 438, - "end": 439 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7928297519683838, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.9207075834274292, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "interviews at the household-level", - "confidence": 0.9982183575630188, - "start": 450, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HH", - "confidence": 0.8820515871047974, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5542835593223572, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.8433561325073242, - "start": 484, - "end": 485 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NPC Protection Monitoring System at Community Level", - "confidence": 0.9757551550865173, - "start": 491, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.5351190567016602, - "start": 494, - "end": 495 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "KI", - "confidence": 0.5941750407218933, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "author": { - "text": "protection actors", - "confidence": 0.7804587483406067, - "start": 511, - "end": 513 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5598497986793518, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mapping of Civil Affairs Directorates", - "confidence": 0.9601295590400696, - "start": 559, - "end": 564 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5788795948028564, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Activity Info", - "confidence": 0.9546273350715637, - "start": 633, - "end": 635 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "records the services reported by legal actors", - "confidence": 0.6610519289970398, - "start": 638, - "end": 645 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5834869742393494, - "start": 627, - "end": 628 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "legal actors", - "confidence": 0.701582670211792, - "start": 643, - "end": 645 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key Protection Figures**\n**Needs** _(Source: MCNA IX 2021)_\n1M individuals lack at least 1 key document\n500,000 individuals lack at least 2 key documents\n250,000 individuals lack at least 3 key documents\n\n**Barriers to access legal documentation** ( _Source: NPC Protection Monitoring System at Community Level, 2021)_\n35% of Key Informants cite the length, complexity and cost of the administrative process\n33% of Key Informants report that Civil Affairs Directorates are not accessible due to distance and transportation\n\n**Response** _(Source: Activity Info, January to September 2021)_\n14 protection partners are providing legal assistance for documentation\n53,000 individuals assisted with legal services for civil documentation\n\n### 2. CONTEXT OVERVIEW\n\nSeveral years after the end of the conflict with the Islamic State of Iraq & the Levant (ISIL), it is estimated that over\n1,000,000 IDPs and returnees in Iraq remain without at least one key identity or civil document, including over 500,000\nindividuals who are missing two or more documents. [1] As a result of the recent conflict, many documents were lost,\ndamaged or destroyed, or otherwise confiscated by armed and security actors across Iraq. Some affected individuals\nonly possess documents which were issued in ISIL-controlled areas and are not legally recognized by the authorities\neither in Federal Iraq (FI) or in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Some others remain unable to renew expired\ndocuments due to a combination of physical, administrative and/or financial barriers.\n\n##### 2.1. Legal landscape\n\nThe right to legal identity is the right to be recognized by the State as a person before the law, which allows the person\nto access further rights, benefits and responsibilities in the country. [2] In practice, one\u2019s legal identity is established\nthrough the issuance by the State of identity documents, which provide official recognition of someone\u2019s nationality\nand identity. Consequently, identity documents ( _Civil Status ID Card, Iraqi Nationality Certificate, Unified ID Card_ ) are\ndifferent from, but a requirement for, civil documents ( _Birth, Death or Marriage Certificates_ ). In Iraq, the right to a legal\nidentity and to civil documentation is enshrined in various bodies of law, including the Constitution of the Government\nof Iraq of 2005, the Civil Status Law No. 65 of 1972, the Civil Status System Law No. 32 of 1974 and the Iraq Nationality\nAct No. 26 of 2006.\n\n\n1 The Protection Cluster considers the following identity and civil documents as the essential: _Civil Status ID Card_ (individual identity document\nwhich is an official record of one\u2019s identity), _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ (individual identity document which is an official record of one\u2019s Iraqi\nnationality), _Unified ID Card_ (individual identity document which replaces both the _Civil Status ID Card_ and the _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ ), _Birth_\n_Certificate_ (individual identity document which is an official record of one\u2019s identity, date and place of birth and family lineage), and _Public_\n_Distribution System (PDS) Card_ (Household-level civil document which allows access to monthly food rations).\n2 The human right to a legal identity and documentation, including birth registration, is enshrined in international law, including the Universal\nDeclaration of Human Rights (Article 6), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Articles 16 and 24) and the Convention on the\nRights of the Child (Article 7).\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 2.2. Institutional landscape\n\n2.2.1. Multiple documents and complex administrative processes\nThere are multiple types of identity documents in Iraq. They have been enacted at different periods in recent history\nand are unequally available across the different governorates. Both the _Civil Status ID Card_ and the _Iraqi Nationality_\n_Certificate_ are being progressively replaced since 2016 by the _Unified ID Card_, a biometric document which serves as\nboth nationality and identity certificate. However, the roll-out of the _Unified ID Card_ has been piecemeal, fraught with\nadministrative and logistical challenges and remains uneven across the country.\nVarious administrative barriers to (re)issue identity and civil documents remain a key obstacle for IDPs and returnees.\nTo this end, data collected through the NPC Protection Monitoring System (PMS) indicate that 35% of surveyed Key\nInformants (KIs) cite the length, cost and complexity of administrative processes as the main barrier for individuals to\neffectively access documentation at Civil Affairs Directorates (CADs). One key obstacle is that the possession of one\nidentity document is often a requirement for the (re)issuance of another identity or civil document. For instance, in\norder to obtain a _Civil Status ID Card,_ an individual is required to submit his/her _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ and\nreversely, thus leaving the individuals who have lost either one or both of these documents unable to apply and obtain\nthe (re)issuance of their identity documents.\n\n**In focus:** _**Unified ID Card**_\nSince November 2019, _Unified ID Cards_ have been issued in Iraq. From February 2020, in order to obtain the _Unified ID_\n_Card_, the applicant needs to book an online appointment with the local CAD office through the free of charge website\nof the Directorate for National Card Affairs. Based on the procedure, the applicant needs to download the application\nform and fill it online, before submitting the form to the local CAD office along with the required supporting\ndocuments. [3] The application fee is 5,000 IQDs per person. To register his/her biometric information, the applicant must\nthen visit the local CAD office in person. The applicant\u2019s form and his/her biometric data are then sent by the local CAD\nto the General Directorate of Civil Status Nationality and Residency in Baghdad where the applicant\u2019s information is\nchecked against the national authorities\u2019 security databases, and where the _Unified ID Card_ is created.\nSince July 2021, legal humanitarian actors operating in Ninewa governorate have been reporting regular malfunctioning\nof the online booking system, which has often resulted in applicants - and/or humanitarian legal actors on behalf of\ntheir clients - being unable to register the online applications. In September 2021, similar concerns were raised by\npartners in Anbar, Diyala, Salah al- Din and Kirkuk governorates. [4] Access to reliable internet services is limited among\nthe affected population. Those who do not have access to the internet often rely on the services of private offices to\nbook their online appointment with the local CAD offices. Humanitarian legal actors report that some private agents\ncharge up to 50,000 IQDs per person for this service, a cost that many are unable to afford. Furthermore, individuals\nwho are unable to book the online appointment with the local CAD offices at times resort to _ad hoc_ special procedures\n\n- so-called \u201cVIP\u201d services - to obtain the _Unified ID Card_ . The \u201cVIP\u201d services allow the applicant to obtain the _Unified ID_\n_Card_ without submitting the required additional documentation, but at the cost of 250,000 IQDs. Vulnerable IDPs and\nreturnees often don\u2019t have the financial means to pay for such expensive services and therefore remain unable to\nobtain their civil documentation.\nHumanitarian legal actors have engaged the local CAD offices in the different governorates to address some of the\nobstacles, but the offices have indicated that only the Ministry of Interior can address issues related to the dysfunction\nof the online booking system.\n\n\n3 _Civil Status ID Card, Iraqi Nationality Certificate, Proof of residence, Public Distribution System (PDS) Card._\n4 At the time of writing, legal actors report that the online booking system in Anbar governorate is no longer necessary and appointments can be\nbooked directly at the CADs.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NPC Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9973587393760681, - "start": 142, - "end": 146 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PMS", - "confidence": 0.9241980910301208, - "start": 147, - "end": 148 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.9634113907814026, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs and returnees", - "confidence": 0.801202118396759, - "start": 130, - "end": 133 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveyed Key\nInformants", - "confidence": 0.6552966833114624, - "start": 154, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "security databases", - "confidence": 0.919436514377594, - "start": 454, - "end": 456 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "national authorities", - "confidence": 0.750963032245636, - "start": 451, - "end": 453 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ninewa governorate", - "confidence": 0.6753963828086853, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5195023417472839, - "start": 468, - "end": 469 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.2.2. Insufficient institutional capacities and barriers to access Civil Affairs Directorates\nIdentity and civil documents are issued at the district level by the CADs, which fall under the responsibility of the\nMinistry of Interior (MoI). However, due to the destruction of numerous CAD offices during the recent conflict, the\nlimited logistical, human and financial resources available to the offices, and the disruption of services caused by the\nCOVID-19 pandemic, the access to CADs is unequal across locations. Data collected through the PMS indicates that, at\nthe national level 18% of KIs report that access to CADs for people at their locations is bad or very bad, with this\nproportion being the highest in the governorates of Anbar (46%), Sulaymaniyah (38%) and Ninewa (24%). [5]\nAccording to KIs, the two main reasons for which IDPs and returnees cannot effectively access CADs are (1) the\ncomplexity, length and cost of the administrative processes (cited by 35% of the respondents); and (2) the distance and\ncost of transportation to reach the offices (cited by 33% of the respondents). The other main barriers include the\ninability for applicants to provide the required documentation (cited by 14% of the KIs); the lack of information about\nthe administrative processes (cited by 9%) to obtain or renew civil documentation; and the destruction, closure or lack\nof operational capacities of some CADs (cited by 6%).\n\n**In focus: Operational status and restrictions affecting CADs during the COVID-19 pandemic**\nAcross 64 districts assessed, only 37 districts (58%) have fully operational CADs, whereas in 17 districts (26%) CADs are\nonly partially operational and in 8 districts (13%) CADs are not functional due to the facilities being closed or nonexistent. [6] The operational status of CADs is starkly different among governorates. For instance, in Anbar, only one\ndistrict out of seven (14%) reportedly has a functional CAD, whereas in the other six districts CADs are either only\npartially operational (28%), closed (28%), or with an unknown status due to the lack of access of legal actors. [7] Salah AlDin governorate is also particularly affected with four out of seven districts reportedly not having a functional CAD at\nall (57%). [8] In Diyala governorate, three districts out of five only have a partially functional CAD (60%). [9]\nIn addition, since September 2021 both CADs and Courts across Federal Iraq \u2013 but not in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have started enforcing a new regulation from the Ministry of Health (MoH) whereby only individuals who have been\nvaccinated against COVID-19 or have obtained a negative PCR test within a seven-days period are allowed to enter\ntheir facilities. The directive from the MoH is intended for all government institutions and is not specific to CADs and\nCourts. At the time of writing this report, there is conflicting information about how this regulation is actually being\nenforced across CADs and Courts. Notwithstanding, legal actors identified this new regulation as a key impediment for\naffected individuals to obtain civil documentation. Given the very low rate of vaccination among IDPs and returnees, [10]\nthis requirement _de facto_ prevents most of them, as well as lawyers representing their clients, to access these two\npublic institutions to register, process and follow-up on legal files.\n\nAnother major barrier for IDPs to access civil documentation is the requirement imposed by the authorities that\napplications for the _Civil Status ID Card_, the _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ and the _Unified ID Card_ need to be done in\none\u2019s areas of origin and in-person. This requirement is sometimes also applied to _Birth Certificates_ despite Iraqi\nlegislation (Article 2, Amendment 3-75, 1986) stating that Iraqis may apply for _Birth Certificates_ from any location across\nthe country. For instance, IDP families originating from locations in west Anbar and from Kirkuk governorates are asked\nto return to their districts of origin to apply for the issuance of _Birth Certificates_ for their children. However, without\nidentity documents and/or clearance from security authorities, IDPs are often unable to go back to their areas of origin\ndue to various restrictions on their freedom of movement and the risk of arbitrary arrest at checkpoints. Protection\nmonitoring data shows that 16% of KIs report that people at their locations can move freely to other districts and\ngovernorates only sometimes, and 5% report that individuals can rarely or never do so. The severity of restrictions on\n\n\n5 NPC Protection Monitoring System at Community Level, Round 3 of data collection from July to August 2021. Dashboard available at:\n[https://data.globalprotectioncluster.org/en/situations/globalprotectioncluster/location/16040?secret=unhcrrestricted.](https://data.globalprotectioncluster.org/en/situations/globalprotectioncluster/location/16040?secret=unhcrrestricted)\n6 In two districts, the status of CADs is unknown. In this context, classifying a CAD as only partially functional means that its operational capacities\n(opening days and hours, level of staffing etc.) are limited and/or that it processes only certain types of identity and civil documents, but not all.\n7 The CADs in Fallujah and Qaim districts are reportedly closed; CADs in Ana and Ramadi districts are reportedly only partially functional. The\noperational status of CADs Heet and Rutba districts could not be ascertained.\n8 In Salah al-Din, CADs are reportedly closed or non-existent in the districts of Samarra, Daur, Balad and Hirqat.\n9 In Diyala, the CADs are reportedly only partially functional in the districts of Muqdadiya, Baquba and Khalis.\n10 The Health Clusters reports that just slightly over 30,000 IDPs and returnees have been vaccinated against COVID-19.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "freedom of movement is particularly high in some governorates, such as Anbar. [11] The need to show one\u2019s _Civil Status_\n_ID Card_ to pass through checkpoints is cited as the second main barrier to freedom of movement for affected\nindividuals. Furthermore, Courts and CAD offices usually do not permit lawyers to secure documents for their clients\nthrough the use of a Power of Attorney to proceed with cases _in absentia_ .\n\n2.2.3. Security regulations and access to civil documentation\nMany IDPs and returnees are or have been subject to allegations by civilian authorities, armed and security actors as\nwell as community members \u2013 often without formal criminal charges or evidence provided - that they and/or their\nfamily members are or have been affiliated with extremist groups. As a result, the individuals and families concerned\nby these allegations must undergo security clearance procedures. When security clearance is withheld or rejected, they\nare often denied access to identity and civil documentation, although these practices and regulations are often applied\ninconsistently within and between governorates. Humanitarian legal actors report that, depending on the cases and\ncircumstances, some families with perceived affiliation see their security clearance being rejected whereas others are\ngranted clearance, without any clear criteria. [12]\nDue to the fragmentation of the State security apparatus, there is no centralized database for security procedures.\nRather, multiple security actors have separate databases, which means that one person can be on one list but not on\nanother. Furthermore, the security clearance issued by one security actor may not be recognized by another security\nactor, which increases the risk of arrest. While it is the State\u2019s prerogative to conduct security screening to identify\nindividuals who may pose a risk to the public safety, denying one\u2019s absolute right to a legal identity and to civil\ndocumentation based on security concerns contravenes both international and Iraqi law.\n\n**In focus: Confiscation of civil documentation for IDPs in Hassansham camps, Erbil governorate.**\nAs of September 2021, 3,135HHs / 14,901 individuals reside in the IDP camps in Hassansham U2, Hassansham U3\nand Khazir M1 \u2013 hereinafter referred to as the East Mosul camps (EMCs). While the large majority of adult camp\nresidents have valid identity documents, about a third of the children in the camp miss their _Iraqi Nationality_\n_Certificate_ . [13] In addition, protection actors report that several dozens of men who were arrested and detained by the\nauthorities when they were under 18 have subsequently been released and are now staying in the Hassansham camps,\nbut only possess their previous children\u2019s identity documents, which are now invalid. Overall, even after receiving their\nlegal documentation, IDPs in the EMCs do not have physical access to their _Civil Status IDs Cards_, as these are\nconfiscated by the security actor in the camps, namely Assayish, for security reasons. When the EMCs opened in 201617, Assayish admitted IDPs to the camps and confiscated their civil IDs to conduct security screenings, and thereafter\nkept the IDPs\u2019 identity documents since. The confiscation of _Civil Status ID Cards_ is still ongoing for all camp residents\ndespite the fact that IDPs who arrived since 2017 have been screened and cleared by the security actor and intelligence\nservices multiple times. In order to temporarily leave the EMCs, for instance to visit relatives or to access health\nfacilities, IDPs have to submit a request to Assayesh. The requests can be submitted four days a week in U2 and U3\ncamps, but only twice a week in Khazir M1 camp. Once the requests are approved, Assayish provides the camp residents\nwith a stamped support letter, which indicates the days allowed for the visit and the names of the family members.\nThe maximum period of time allowed for a visit outside of the camps is 20 days. Visits that exceed this limit may be\nsubject to further investigation by Assayish. Exceptionally, if the camp residents need their original _Civil Status ID Cards_\nwhen leaving the camps, they need to provide a justification, eg. a physical file or an official letter from a Court or a\ngovernmental body which requires the IDPs to present their original _Civil Status ID Cards._\n\n\n11 31% of KIs in Anbar governorate reported that people at their locations can rarely or never move freely to other districts or governorates, while\n15% reported that they can do so only sometimes.\n12 For instance, humanitarian legal actors also report that in the context of mobile missions co-organized with the Ministry of Interior in 2020,\n426 IDPs re-submitted their application to obtain civil documentation, after their cases had been rejected in 2019 due to security reasons. Out of\nthe 426 applications, 310 were accepted and 116 were rejected. However, there was no consistency as to why some applications were rejected\nagain while other did not. Some applications included documents which proved that the applicants had undergone the family renunciation\nprocess known as _tabrea\u2019a_, but the majority did not.\n13 Hassansham U2 (4% of adults and 14% of children do not have a \\ _Civil Status ID_ _Car_ d or _Unified ID Card_ ; 5% of adults and 36% of children do\nnot have a _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ ); Hasasnsham U3 (11% of adults and 15% of children do not have a _Civil Status ID Card_ or _Unified ID Card_ ;\n9% of adults and 33% of children do not have a _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ ); Khazir M1(2% of adults and 14% of children do not have a _Civil Status_\n_ID_ _Card_ or _Unified ID Card_ ; 3% of adults and 33% of children do not have a _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ ). MCNA IX, 2021.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 2.3. Normative landscape\n\nSocial norms and practices, based on tribal customs, often takes precedence over the strict application of Iraqi law and\nthus can contribute to the denial of the right to identity and civil documentation. [14] As noted above, individuals with\nperceived affiliation or alleged family ties to extremist groups are required to obtain security clearance as a prerequisite\nto obtain their civil documents. In many cases, families have been compelled by civilian authorities, armed and security\nactors and/or community and tribal leaders to renounce ties with family members who are perceived or accused of\nbeing affiliated with extremist groups, as a precondition to obtain such clearance. This also adversely impacts the right\nof people with perceived affiliation to freedom of movement and to choose one\u2019s place of residence within the country.\nProtection actors report that in some cases the concerned families have been prevented from returning to their areas\nof origin and place of habitual residence until they denounce their relatives. In other cases, they have been threatened\nof eviction from their location of displacement or their areas of origin unless they do so.\nTwo interrelated mechanisms are often utilized for this purpose, either in parallel or interchangeably. The first,\n_tabrea\u2019a_, is the process whereby one disavows one\u2019s incriminated relative and pledges to sever all bounds with him. [15]\nAs a tribal mechanism, _tabrea\u2019a_ has no foundation in Iraqi law. The second, _ikhbar_ (notification of offence), is the\nprocess whereby one reports his/her relative with alleged ties to extremist groups in front of an investigative judge. It\nusually entails a complaint being filed under Article 4 of the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2005. It is both an accusation and a\nlegal complaint and, as such, it is not a pledge to disavow a relative. However, the process is seen as an implied\ndisavowal of that family member and therefore has the same social implications as _tabrea\u2019a_ . [16]\n\n**In focus: Tabrea\u2019a, Ikhbar and protection concerns**\nPersons with perceived affiliation to extremist groups sometimes approach legal actors for legal support regarding\n_tabrea\u2019a or ikhbar_ . In response, legal actors limit their support to providing minimum information about the process,\nits risks and consequences to help the concerned individuals to make an informed decision. However, legal actors do\nnot offer counselling or representation in relation to _tabrea\u2019a_ or _ikhbar_ due to multiple protection concerns. Among\nothers, the process 1) contravenes a number of fundamental human rights principles, such as the principles of\nindividual criminal responsibility and due process, [17] and it also underpins violations of the right to freedom of\nmovement and residency as individuals who refuse to undergo _tabrea\u2019a_ are often blocked by security actors to return\nto or remain in their areas of origin; [18] 2) often causes high levels of psychological distress for the individuals who are\nobliged to disavow a family member - especially among female heads of households - and cases of attempted suicide\nhave been reported; [19] 3) can subsequently increases a number of protection risk (safety, discrimination) for the person\nwho goes through _tabrea\u2019a_, as the process can be perceived by some actors as a confirmation of affiliation to extremist\ngroup; 4) poses serious risks to the safety of the lawyers representing such cases, as they would risk to be themselves\nperceived by the authorities as being affiliated to extremist groups.\n\n\n14 IOM, _Tribal justice mechanisms and durable solutions for families with a perceived affiliation to ISIS_, 2020.\n15 The disavowal process only applies to male tribesmen, which means that only male tribesmen can be disavowed, but both men and women\ncan disavow a male relative.\n16 For further analysis on _tabrea\u2019a_ and _ikhbar_, please refer to the note produced by the Protection Cluster: _Recommendations on Renunciation_\n_Processes_, March 2021.\n17 National Protection Cluster, _Recommendations on Renunciation Processes_, March 2021 and _Protection Concerns and Proposed Solutions for_\n_Iraqi Citizens with Perceived Affiliation_, October 2018.\n18 National Protection Cluster, _Critical Protection Incident note_, June 2020.\n19 Ibid. January 2021\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 2.4. Political landscape\n\nThe fragmentation of the political and institutional landscape between the governments in Federal Iraq and the\nKurdistan Region of Iraq poses specific challenges for IDPs in the disputed territories. Control over parts of the\ngovernorates alongside the border has shifted repeatedly over the past 20 years, and many IDPs have been displaced\nbetween the concerned areas. [20] As a result, IDPs are often unable to return to the areas where their civil status files\nare registered with local CADs and encounter serious challenges to obtain or renew their civil documents.\n\n**In focus: Disputed territories between Duhok and Ninewa governorates**\nIt is estimated that 400-500HHs who are residing in Tel Keif district, Ninewa governorate, are facing challenges to obtain\ntheir civil documents due to shifts in the territorial control between Federal Iraq and KRI. [21] These families used to reside\nin Sheikhan and Sumel districts, Duhok governorate, from the 1970s to the beginning of the years 2000 as part of the\nArabization campaign. Because they resided in these districts for over 30 years, their registration sits with the CADs in\nthese two districts. When the control of Sheikhan and Sumel districts shifted to the KRI in 2003, these families were\npushed back to Tel Keif district, Ninewa governorate, which is controlled by the authorities of Federal Iraq. Due to the\nadministrative boundaries, the families\u2019 registration remains under the CADs in Sheikhan and Sumel, where they cannot\nreturn due to fear of persecution by the authorities and tensions with other ethnic groups. Moreover, the transfer of\ntheir civil status records from Sheikhan and Sumel districts to Tel Keif district has been blocked by the Iraqi central\ngovernment ever since. As a result, the concerned families are prevented from obtaining any identity document in\nNinewa governorate, and without identity documentation, the HHs cannot access any other forms of civil\ndocumentation, with severe consequences for their enjoyment of rights. In July 2021, protection partners conducted\na legal needs assessment with 32 KIIs from the affected IDP communities. Findings indicate that most of the affected\nIDPs living in Tel Keif and Mosul districts do not have _Civil Status ID Cards_ . The IDPs mentioned that although they can\ntravel to Sheikhan district, they fear being harassed by the community when doing so. In 2020, a delegation from\nSheikhan started to visit Tel Keif district to facilitate the issuing of _Civil Status IDs_ for those families, but the deployment\nonly lasted two months and was eventually halted following instructions of the Ministry of Interior in Baghdad.\n\n### 3. PROTECTION RISK ANALYSIS\n\n##### 3.1. Protection threat\n\n\n3.1.1. Patterns of rights-violations\nBased on the different issues illustrated above, two\nmajor patterns of rights-violations emerge.\nThe first relates to the deprivation of identity and\ncivil documentation by civilian and/or security actors, deliberately targeting people with perceived affiliation to\nextremists. This is evidenced by the practice previously highlighted through which individuals with alleged or suspected\nfamily ties with extremist groups are requested by security actors to undergo either the _tabrea\u2019a_ and/or _ikhbar_\nprocesses before they can be granted security clearance. In turn, having a security clearance is often a prerequisite to\nobtain identity and civil documentation, not least because without clearance individuals are subject to restrictions on\ntheir freedom of movement and are therefore often unable to access CADs in person to submit their applications.\nProtection monitoring data indicates that the need to show one\u2019s identity document and the need to obtain security\nclearance are the second and third main barriers to freedom of movement among IDPs and returnees in Iraq. [22] In other\ninstances, IDPs in camps often see their documents being confiscated by security actors (see section 2.2.3).\n\n\n20 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre _, A decade of displacement in the Middle East and North Africa_, 2019. IOM\u2019s displacement Tracking\nMatrix, _Disputed Areas Returns Movement Overview_, April 2018\n21 No definitive population data is available either from the authorities or humanitarian actors. The figure of 400-500 HHs has been estimated by\nprotection actors based on their contextual knowledge and a qualitative assessment conducted in July 2021.\n22 27% of KIs cite the cost of transportation as a key barrier to freedom of movement, while 20% cite the need to show one\u2019s civil ID and 16% cite\nthe requirement for security clearance. NPC Protection Monitoring System at Community Level, 2021.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "legal needs assessment", - "confidence": 0.9860137701034546, - "start": 371, - "end": 374 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "protection partners", - "confidence": 0.9870615601539612, - "start": 367, - "end": 369 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.585439920425415, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.871305525302887, - "start": 365, - "end": 366 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\nIDPs", - "confidence": 0.5986480712890625, - "start": 389, - "end": 391 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9933631420135498, - "start": 639, - "end": 642 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Iraq", - "confidence": 0.8086699843406677, - "start": 676, - "end": 677 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs and returnees", - "confidence": 0.8223114609718323, - "start": 672, - "end": 675 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "displacement Tracking\nMatrix", - "confidence": 0.9137464165687561, - "start": 731, - "end": 734 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IOM", - "confidence": 0.8101486563682556, - "start": 728, - "end": 729 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.6313300132751465, - "start": 726, - "end": 727 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7393456101417542, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "KIs", - "confidence": 0.7513415813446045, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "NPC Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.8446241021156311, - "start": 825, - "end": 829 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9462177157402039, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5170705914497375, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The second pattern is the limited ability of public institutions and civil authorities to provide identity and civil\ndocumentation to the affected individuals. The set-up of the administrative system meant to issue identity and civil\ndocumentation is seemingly inadequate to the specific situation which IDPs are in, because (1) the applications to\n(re)issue key legal documents often need to be submitted to CAD offices in areas of origin, which often remain largely\ninaccessible to IDPs in and out of camps; (2) CADs and Courts do not always accept the lawyers to legally represent\ntheir clients in areas of origin through Power of Attorney, but often require in-person presence; (3) applicants are\nusually required to present a valid identity document in order to obtain another civil document, which represents a\nmajor challenge for the estimated 500,000 IDPs and returnees who are lacking at least two or more key documents; [23]\n(4) public institutions structurally lack resources and capacities, and are not present in all the locations where legal\nneeds have been identified. For instance, the CADs in Fallujah district, Anbar governorate, and in Samarra district, Salah\nal-Din governorate, are reportedly closed despite large numbers of IDPs and returnees missing two or more key civil\ndocuments. [24] As a result, distance and cost of transportation is reported as the second main barrier for IDPs and\nreturnees to access CADs.\n\n3.1.2. Groups most affected by the threat\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Estimated numbers of individuals missing identity and civil documents|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Group**|**Affected**
**Population**|**Missing \u2265 1 document**|**Missing \u2265 1 document**|**Missing \u2265 2 documents**|**Missing \u2265 2 documents**|**Missing \u2265 3**
**documents**|**Missing \u2265 3**
**documents**|\n|**Group**|**Affected**
**Population**|**# **|**% **|**# **|**% **|**# **|**% **|\n|IDPs in-camp|182,422|50,545|28|17,380|10|6,421|4|\n|IDPs out-of-camp|1,009,230|244,607|24|122,778|12|55,114|5|\n|Returnees|4,884,612|788,165|16|380,782|8|186,310|4|\n|**Overall**|**6,076,264**|**1,083,318**|18|**520,940**|9|**247,845**|4|\n\n\n_Sources: OCHA\u2019s Humanitarian profile of affected population as of September 2021 / Dataset from the MCNA IX 2021_\n\nIn absolute numbers, returnees are by far the largest population group affected by a lack of identity and civil\ndocumentation. There are more returnees who are missing one document or more (estimated at 788,000 individuals)\nthan there are IDPs both in and out-of-camps in the same situation (estimated at 295,000 individuals). However,\nrelative to the size of each population groups, IDPs both in and out-of-camps are more impacted than returnees - 28%\nof IDPs in camps, 24% of IDPs out-of-camps, 16% returnees are missing one key document or more. In terms of severity\nof the issue, the proportion of individuals who are missing three key documents or more \u2013 and are therefore considered\nas acute Persons in Need (PIN) for the purpose of the Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) \u2013 is almost identical for all\nthree population groups, at around 5%.\nIn addition, the Child Protection Sub-Cluster estimates that more than 450,000 children are missing at least one key\nidentity or civil document, [25] due to a combination of administrative and legal barriers which specifically affects IDPs\nand returnee families, including female-headed households (see the section below on legal safety).\n\n\n23 Estimation based on the results of the MCNA IX 2021 conducted for the purpose of the HNO 2022.\n24 Based the MCNA IX, an estimated 63,735 individuals in Fallujah district, Anbar governorate, are missing two key documents or more and 17,954\nindividuals are in the same situation in Samarra district, Salah al-Din governorate.\n25 MCNA IX, 2021.\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CADs", - "confidence": 0.6826584339141846, - "start": 200, - "end": 201 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs and returnees", - "confidence": 0.9416927099227905, - "start": 153, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs in-camp", - "confidence": 0.7893551588058472, - "start": 479, - "end": 481 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA\u2019s Humanitarian profile of affected population", - "confidence": 0.864465594291687, - "start": 610, - "end": 618 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MCNA", - "confidence": 0.6615807414054871, - "start": 626, - "end": 627 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9266912937164307, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.779020369052887, - "start": 621, - "end": 622 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returnees", - "confidence": 0.75638347864151, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Needs Overview", - "confidence": 0.9949525594711304, - "start": 775, - "end": 778 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HNO", - "confidence": 0.9019516706466675, - "start": 779, - "end": 780 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Child Protection Sub-Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5000925660133362, - "start": 800, - "end": 803 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6460356116294861, - "start": 865, - "end": 866 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MCNA IX 2021", - "confidence": 0.7675281167030334, - "start": 863, - "end": 866 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MCNA IX", - "confidence": 0.5732976198196411, - "start": 863, - "end": 865 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Fallujah district, Anbar governorate", - "confidence": 0.8212740421295166, - "start": 888, - "end": 893 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.933386504650116, - "start": 865, - "end": 866 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.799846351146698, - "start": 865, - "end": 866 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3.1.3. Locations most affected by the threat [26]\nNinewa governorate hosts 268,000 individuals missing two or more key documents, with the district of Mosul alone\nhaving 168,000 individuals. Three other districts of Ninewa governorate are also included in the top-ten districts with\nthe largest number of individuals lacking two documents or more: Sinjar (39,000 individuals), Tel Afar (23,000) and Tel\nKeif (17,000).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Geographical repartition of individuals who are missing two documents or more|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Governorate**|**# of IDPs in camps, IDPs**
**out-of-camps & Returnees**|**# of individuals missing \u2265 2**
**documents**|**% of individuals**
**missing \u2265 2**
**documents27 **|\n|Ninewa|2,210,739|268,040|12.12%|\n|Al-Anbar|1,549,756|76,655|4.95%|\n|Erbil|258,535|43,251|16.73%|\n|Salah Al-Din|782,400|36,742|4.70%|\n|Kirkuk|429,456|35,221|8.20%|\n|Duhok|253,014|29,529|11.67%|\n|Diyala|287,729|22,253|7.73%|\n|Sulaymaniyah|131,949|9,591|7.27%|\n|Total|5,903,578|521,282|8.83%|\n\n\n\n_Sources: OCHA\u2019s Humanitarian profile of affected population as of September 2021 / Dataset from the MCNA IX 2021_\n\nAnbar is the governorate with the second largest population of persons missing two or more key documents, estimated\nat 76,000 individuals. Almost all of them (63,000 individuals) are in the district of Fallujah. Erbil district, in Erbil\ngovernorate, is the district with the third largest number of persons who lack two documents or more (estimated at\n41,000 individuals).\n\n##### 3.2. Threat effects on the population\n\nThe lack of identity and civil documents affects all aspects of a person\u2019s life and the impact is multidimensional.\n\n\n3.2.1. Physical safety\nThe lack of identity documentation directly increases the risk of other serious protection incidents and rights violations\nfor the concerned individuals, especially at checkpoints manned by armed and security actors. Based on protection\nmonitoring data, the risk of arbitrary arrest and detention are ranked as the second and fourth main type of violations\naffecting civilians, and the need to show one\u2019s civil ID is ranked as the second main barrier to freedom of movement.\nThe widespread lack of identity and civil document among IDPs both in and out-of-camps (see section 3.1.2) therefore\nrepresents a major barrier to their safe and sustainable return to their areas of origin.\n\n\n26 The figures included in this section are based on the results of the MCNA IX and only present the estimated number of individuals who are\nlacking two key documents or more. The figures exclude the estimated number of individuals who are lacking only one key document and are\ntherefore considered as affected but not in need, as per the established severity thresholds.\n27 The percentage of individuals who are missing two documents or more have been calculated out of the overall number of affected\nindividuals in the governorates.\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "documents", - "confidence": 0.5032299160957336, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OCHA\u2019s Humanitarian profile of affected population", - "confidence": 0.8507218360900879, - "start": 353, - "end": 361 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "MCNA", - "confidence": 0.7450287938117981, - "start": 369, - "end": 370 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9634872078895569, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7381848096847534, - "start": 364, - "end": 365 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection\nmonitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9994246959686279, - "start": 524, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "risk of arbitrary arrest and detention", - "confidence": 0.5367406010627747, - "start": 529, - "end": 535 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9341008067131042, - "start": 580, - "end": 581 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MCNA IX", - "confidence": 0.9917265176773071, - "start": 625, - "end": 627 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "governorates", - "confidence": 0.7673730850219727, - "start": 702, - "end": 703 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\nindividuals", - "confidence": 0.9001271724700928, - "start": 698, - "end": 700 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3.2.2. Legal safety\nAdults who have been lacking a valid identity document for an extended period of time in the context of their\nprotracted displacement and who are unable to obtain or renew such documents are exposed to the risk of losing their\nlegal identity, since they may become unable to prove their Iraqi nationality. This is particularly true because the _Iraqi_\n_Nationality Certificate_ is the identity document which is most commonly lost, missing or invalid among the affected\npopulation. Based on the MCNA, 15% of the HHs interviewed reported having at least one member missing his/her\n_Iraqi Nationality Certificate,_ compared to 5% for the _Civil Status ID Card_ and 4% for the _PDS Card_ . The proportion of\nHHs who reported at least one member missing his/her _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ is also higher among IDPs than\nreturnees, 19% and 14% respectively. In addition, lacking security clearance and/or valid identity documents prevents\nthe affected individual from pursuing legal remedies through judicial institutions for any rights-violations that s/he may\nbe subjected to.\n\n**In focus: Legal risks for children missing identity and civil documentation**\nChildren who are lacking any identity or nationality documentation are at risk of losing their legal identity. The Child\nProtection Sub-Cluster estimates that more than 450,000 children are missing at least one key identity or civil\ndocument, [28] namely a _Birth Certificate_, a _Civil Status ID Card_, an _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ or a _Unified ID Card_ . Based\non the MCNA, 6% of the HHs reported missing the _Birth Certificate_ for at least one of their children. This proportion\nsharply increases to 12% among IDPs in camps. Although the actual requirements can vary across locations, the\nissuance of _Birth Certificate_ often requires the parents to submit both of their own identity documents, as well as their\n_Marriage Certificate_ . Families who lack any or all of these documents can therefore be blocked from obtaining a _Birth_\n_Certificate_ for their child. In turn, a child without a _Birth Certificate_ cannot secure any identity document, such as a _Civil_\n_Status ID Card_, an _Iraqi Nationality Certificate,_ or a _Unified ID Card_ . Female-headed household face particular challenges\nwhen the father of the child/ren is dead or disappeared, as in such cases obtaining a _Birth Certificate_ usually requires\nthe widow to submit a _Death Certificate_ for the father. Yet, _Death Certificates_ are themselves very difficult to obtain,\nespecially in cases of enforced disappearances. In other cases, when the father is absent, he is nonetheless usually\nrequired to appear in Court as women are not equally able to pass on their nationality to their children under Iraqi law.\nThis is also the case for children who were born \u2013 often as a result of rape or forced marriage \u2013 from a father who was\nforeign national who had joined ISIS and from a mother who is an Iraqi citizen. In addition, children who were born in\nISIS-controlled areas were either issued _Birth Certificates_ which are not recognized by the GoI and are therefore invalid,\nor were never issued _Birth Certificates_ in the first place. Similarly, parents whose _Marriage Certificate_ s were issued by\nISIS and are therefore not recognized by the Government are often blocked from obtaining _Birth Certificates_ for their\nchildren since a valid _Marriage Certificate_ is one of the many administrative requirements for a _Birth Certificate_ to be\nissued. In some cases, the parents of children born in ISIS-controlled areas cannot be identified and traced, which often\nleaves the children without any kind of identity documentation.\n\n3.2.3. Material safety and access to essential services\nLacking valid identity and civil documents prevents the affected individuals from accessing basic services and fully\nenjoying rights and entitlements.\nHealth facilities often require some form of identity documents to provide routine immunization and health care. The\nHealth cluster reports that whereas identity documentation may not always be needed for outpatient treatment at\nPrimary Health Care Centers (PHCC) it is usually required for admission at hospitals.\nSimilarly, children who do not have any identity documents are often prevented from being registered by schools under\nthe responsibility of the Ministry of Education, both in areas of displacement and returns. While a few school\nadministrations allow children in such a situation to access education facilities, they are usually prevented from\nparticipating in public exams due to their lack of valid documentation. Although the requirements vary between\nlocations, education facilities often require the identity document of the child and of the parents themselves. If the\nfather is dead or missing, a _Death Certificate_ can even be required despite the many challenges for female-headed\nhouseholds to obtain such a document, especially if their husbands have disappeared.\n\n\n28 MCNA IX, 2021.\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MCNA", - "confidence": 0.9331016540527344, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "HHs", - "confidence": 0.8947249054908752, - "start": 98, - "end": 99 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The submission of claims for compensation related to the damage, loss or destruction of housing, land and property to\ngovernment Compensation Committees \u2013 an essential financial entitlement for IDPs and returnees whose homes have\noften been totally or partially destroyed during the conflict - also require the applicant to provide a valid identity\ndocument.\nLastly, benefiting from various social protection schemes such as the Public Distribution System (PDS) [29] - the _PDS Card_\nbeing a key civil document itself \u2013 also require having a valid identity document.\n\n##### 3.3. Capacities to address the threat\n\n\n3.3.1. Capacities of the communities\nThe decision to either deny or provide the affected persons with the appropriate identity and civil documents is\nultimately dependent on various civilian and security actors, either by law or _de facto_ . Accordingly, IDPs and returnees\nhave limited capacities and resources to mitigate this risk. Based on protection monitoring information, the factors\nwhich undermine the affected people\u2019s capacity to effectively claim and fulfill their right to legal documentation\ninclude: (1) the complexity, length or cost of the administrative processes (cited by 35% of KIs); (2) the requirement to\npresent some legal documents to obtain other key documents (reported by 14% of KIs); and (3) the lack of sufficient\ninformation about the functioning of CAD offices and administrative procedures (cited by 9% of KIs). Ultimately, the\naffected individuals largely rely on legal services provided by humanitarian legal actors to access documentation.\n\n3.2.3. Capacities of humanitarian actors\nBy providing legal information to communities about their rights and by offering counselling and representation to\ntheir clients throughout the application and registration process, legal actors effectively address some of the main\nchallenges faced by IDPs and returnees. Legal actors have also developed specific interventions to try to address the\ninability to access CADs and Courts due to physical distance, cost of transportation and/or restrictions on freedom of\nmovement. To this end, many partners provide financial support to their clients not only to cover legal fees, but also\nto cover the cost of transportation to access the relevant public institutions. In addition, for IDPs unable to return to\ntheir areas of origin to submit an application to the CAD under which they are registered or to follow-up on a Court\ncase, legal actors have at times been able to utilize a Power of Attorney to represent their clients in their absence.\nHowever, as previously noted, the Power of Attorney is often not accepted by Courts and CADs across the country (see\nsection 2.2.2)\n\n**In focus: Mobile missions to issue identity and civil documentation**\nIDPs in the remaining camps in Federal Iraq and in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are most affected by the lack of identity\nand civil documentation. Based on the MCNA IX, it is estimated that 28% of IDPs in camps miss at least one key\ndocument, compared to 24% for IDPs out-of-camps and 16% of returnees (see section 3.1.2.). The restrictions on their\nfreedom of movement are more severe and therefore their ability to access CADs is significantly lower. Protection\nmonitoring data indicates that 28% of KIs in camps report that their level of access to CADs is bad or very bad, compared\nto 20% for KIs in return areas and 16% for KIs in displacement locations out of camps.\nMobile missions organized in coordination with the Ministry of Interior (MoI) as well as CADs therefore greatly\nfacilitates access to civil documentation for IDPs, in particular in camps. To this end, UNHCR coordinates with the MoI\nat the central level and humanitarian legal actors prepare their clients\u2019 files and coordinate with CADs at the\ngovernorate level. Thus _ad hoc_ mobile missions to IDP camps, informal sites and/or urban areas are being organized to\ncollect the files and thereafter process the issuance of documentation. The requirement for the presence in-person of\nthe applicants at the CADs in their area of origin is removed, thus overcoming the access barriers highlighted above.\nHowever, applicants are still required to meet in person the delegation of the mobile mission, which usually includes\nofficial from CADs in the IDPs\u2019 areas of origin and officials from the MOI in Baghdad. Ultimately, the documents are\nsent to UNHCR and then delivered through humanitarian legal actors operating in the concerned locations.\n\n\n29 The Public Distribution System is a social scheme under the management of the Ministry of Trade whereby eligible citizens receive a monthly\nfood ration. This require the eligible families to have a PDS Card, which is issued to the head of household, and contain a list of all members of\nthe household.\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring information", - "confidence": 0.9933125376701355, - "start": 171, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs and returnees", - "confidence": 0.7414801120758057, - "start": 156, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MCNA IX", - "confidence": 0.9567771553993225, - "start": 537, - "end": 539 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8686983585357666, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection\nmonitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9794970750808716, - "start": 601, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Mobile missions enable government officials to issue the _Civil Status ID Card_, the _Iraqi_ _Nationality Certificate_, and\nwhenever available, the _Unified ID Card_ . However, the mobile missions can no longer issue the _Civil Status ID Card_ and\nthe _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ for IDPs hailing from areas where the CADs now only provide _Unified ID Cards_ . In 2019\nand 2020, mobile missions to both Erbil and Sulaymaniyah governorates included the delivery of _Unified ID Cards_,\nincluding a pilot mission to Erbil to process _Unified ID Cards_ for IDPs hailing from Anbar governorate who were living in\nboth camps and urban areas. However, some critical challenges were encountered, including delays caused by the\nCOVID-19 pandemic and the fees associated with the _Unified ID Cards._\nIn 2021, a total of 22 missions have been completed, including 5 to Dohuk governorate, 6 to Erbil governorate, 7 to\nNinewa governorate and 4 to Anbar governorate. In total, 7,721 _Civil Status ID Cards_ and 25,847 _Iraqi Nationality_\n_Certificates_ have been issued through mobile missions in 2021. [30]\n\n### 4. HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE\n\n##### 4.2. Humanitarian Response Plan for 2021\n\n\n|Gap analysis - Legal assistance services for civil documentation31|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Overall|Overall|Overall|Overall|IDPs in camps|IDPs in camps|IDPs in camps|IDPs in camps|IDPs out-of-camps|IDPs out-of-camps|IDPs out-of-camps|IDPs out-of-camps|Returnees|Returnees|Returnees|Returnees|\n|Target|Response|Gap|Gap|Target|Response|Gap|Gap|Target|Response|Gap|Gap|Target|Response|Gap|Gap|\n|Target|Response|#|%|%|%|#|%|%|%|#|%|%|%|#|%|\n|143000|53,131|89,869|63|8,697|11,942|+3,245|+37|30,211|20,715|9,496|31|104,092|20,474|87,505|80|\n\n\n\nSource: Achievements reported by legal actors through Activity Info from January to September 2021.\n\nAs of September 2021, legal actors have reached 53,131 individuals with legal\nassistance services for civil documentation. The Humanitarian Response Plan\n(HRP) target for IDPs in camps has been exceeded, whereas there is a minor gap\n(31% less than the original target) for of IDPs in out-of-camp settings. In contrast,\nthe gap for returnees is much higher at 80%. Given that returnees represent over\ntwo thirds of the target population in absolute number, the underachievement\nfor this population group drives the overall underachievement of 63% to date.\nA number of factors contributed to the current status of the response. First, the\ndiscrepancy between achievements in camps compared to return areas can partly\nbe explained by the prioritization of issuance of civil documentation though the\ndeployment of MoI\u2019s mobile missions in the context of camp closures by the\nGovernment of Iraq. Second, the provision of legal assistance services for\nreturnees is particularly challenging due to the fact that this population group is\noften scattered across small and remote locations where legal interventions\nrequire more time and resources. Third, the COVID-19 pandemic has continued\nto adversely affect the operational capacities of legal actors to provide services\nsince CADs in many districts across Iraq have continued to work at limited capacity\nand/or have imposed access restrictions to contain the spread of the virus (see\nsection 2.2.2). Fourth, the operational challenges associated with the roll-out of\nthe _Unified ID Card_ have resulted in a backlog of cases and have created significant\ndelays in the processing of individual files (see section 2.2.1). Fifth, legal assistance\npartners continue to report harassment and threats affecting their staff who\nrepresent individuals with perceived affiliation to extremists. This has negatively\nimpacted the access of highly vulnerable individuals to legal services as some legal\naid actors are reluctant to represent such individuals due to the associated risks.\n\n\n\n**List of the 20 districts with the largest number**\n\n\n\n**of individuals assisted through legal services**\n\n\n\n30 Data available through UNHCR, based on the outcomes of the 22 mobile missions organized in 2021 up until October.\n31 This table includes the combined targets and achievements for legal assistance services under both general protection and child protection.\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Achievements reported by legal actors", - "confidence": 0.8249213099479675, - "start": 494, - "end": 499 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "legal actors", - "confidence": 0.7559520602226257, - "start": 497, - "end": 499 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Activity Info", - "confidence": 0.9483777284622192, - "start": 500, - "end": 502 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Achievements reported by legal actors", - "confidence": 0.614429771900177, - "start": 494, - "end": 499 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.7057213187217712, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8554109334945679, - "start": 506, - "end": 507 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### 4.2. Geographical prioritization\n\nThe analysis in the map below looks at the risk of IDPs and returnees being denied their identity and civil documentation\nby combining all three components of the risk equation (see section 3). The threat is understood as the prevalence of\nthe risk among IDPs and returnees and reflects both the absolute number of individuals who are missing two or more\nkey documents, and the proportion of this caseload relative to the overall number of affected persons in a given district.\nThe vulnerabilities reflect the severity of the physical and operational barriers that IDPs and returnees face: (1) overall\nrestrictions on their freedom of movement; (2) functional capacities of CADs; and (3) degree of access to CADs at their\nlocation. The capacities relate to both the presence of legal actors in that district and their capacity to provide legal\nservices, including by reflecting the number of individuals who received legal services both in absolute numbers and\nrelative to the overall number of persons who miss at least two documents. [32] For a more detailed analysis of the\ndifferent results by variable and ranking by severity across districts, please refer to _Annex 1._\n.\n\n#### **Severity of issues related to civil documentation by district [33]**\n\n\n32 This analysis combines different and complementary data sources, including the MCNA IX, the NPC Protection Monitoring System at\nCommunity Level, the mapping of CADs and reporting on ActivityInfo. see Section 1.\n33 Districts is white have not been assessed through the MCNA IX and are therefore ranked at 0 on the severity scale.\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### 5. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS\n\n##### 5.1. Operational recommendations\n\n_**Humanitarian legal actors should:**_\n\n- Use the findings of the geographical prioritization exercise (see section 4.2) to inform the development, or\ncontinuation, of legal assistance interventions, within the framework of the NPC Humanitarian Response Plans for 2021\nand 2022.\n\n- Continue to facilitate access to legal documentation for vulnerable individuals through existing successful\ninterventions, e.g. payment of transportation fees to access CADs and Courts; use of Power of Attorney or other legal\nprocedures, whenever feasible; expansion of mobile missions from the Ministry of Interior to the remaining IDP camps\nand out-of-camp locations - including informal sites - as relevant.\n\n\n- Discuss if and how to engage with the issue of _tabrea'a_ in order to re-assess both the possibilities and risks of\nsupporting the individuals who are coerced into it, while acting in compliance with the principles of do no harm, conflict\nsensitivity and rights-based approach. The discussion should be inclusive of a broad range of humanitarian and\npeacebuilding actors and put an emphasis on the centrality of national actors.\n\n- Integrate the provision of legal assistance for civil documentation with legal assistance for housing, land and\nproperty (HLP) rights, in light of the fact that having identity documents is a prerequisite to access specialized HLP\nprocesses. Legal assistance on HLP should prioritize the following issues: formalization of rental agreement to secure\ntenancy rights and thus reduce the risk of eviction; restitution of illegal sales of land or property; right to inheritance\nand property rights for female-headed household; access to compensation for property damaged or destroyed during\nthe conflict.\n\n##### 5.2. Policy recommendations\n\n\n_**The Humanitarian Coordinator and Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) members should:**_\n\n- Advocate with the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government, in particular the Ministry of Interior\nand the Ministry of Defense, to immediately cease the practice whereby military and security actors systematically\nconfiscate the identity of documents of civilians, in particular of IDPs in camps, as it exposes individuals to serious\nprotection risks. All confiscated identity documents should immediately be returned to the concerned individuals and\na formal complaint mechanism should be established to allow the affected individuals to report any confiscation of\ntheir identity documents, for follow-up investigations and remedies by the authorities.\n\n- Advocate with the Government of Iraq, in particular the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Displacement and\nMigration, to allow IDPs to seek and obtain their identity and civil documents in their area of displacement and, more\nbroadly, anywhere within the country, as per the terms of the Iraqi Constitution and the right of Iraqi citizens to choose\ntheir place of residence. At a minimum, the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Justice should issue nation-wide\ndirectives to CADs and Courts to systematically allow the use of Powers of Attorney by legal actors when IDPs cannot\naccess these institutions in their areas of origin due to restrictions on their freedom of movement and/or risk for their\nsafety.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Advocate with the Government of Iraq, in particular the Ministry of Interior, to ensure that operational issues\nassociated with the roll-out of the _Unified ID Card_ are rapidly and effectively resolved, especially the delays caused by\ndysfunctions in the online booking system. CADs should continue to issue _Iraqi Nationality Certificate_ and _Civil_ Status\nID _Card_ until _Unified ID Cards_ can be issued. The Ministry of Interior should also ensure that applications can effectively\nbe submitted through the online booking system free of charge. To this end, the Ministry of Interior should investigate\nany irregular practices associated with the process, including the imposition of additional fees by private shops. A\ncomplaint mechanism should be established to allow the affected individuals to report any extortion or unlawful\npractices, for follow-up investigations and remedies by the police and other relevant authorities.\n\n- Advocate with the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government, in particular the Ministry of Interior\nand the Ministry of Displacement and Migration, to find a political and administrative solution to allow IDPs in disputed\nterritories to obtain their identity and civil documentation either through the transfer of their files from CADs in their\nprevious areas of residence to CADs in their current areas of residence, or alternatively through the organization of\nmobile missions to the concerned disputed territories.\n\n- Advocate with the Government of Iraq, in particular the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of\nDefense to issue nation-wide orders to all governorate-level operations command, Courts and CADs to clarify that the\nissuance of identity and civil documentation does not require the applicant to obtain security clearance and/or undergo\n_ikhbar_ or _tabrea\u2019a_ prior to obtaining identity and civil documentation.\n\n- Advocate with the Government of Iraq, in particular the Ministry of Interior, to reform the legal and procedural\nframework to ensure that all barriers for parents to obtain a _Birth Certificate_ for their children should be removed. This\nmeans that the requirement for a valid _Marriage Certificate_ and the requirement for the physical presence of both\nparents should no longer be mandatory. This would allow either one or both of the parents to obtain a _Birth Certificate_\nas long as they can prove that that they are the parents. In addition, women should be allowed to pass their Iraqi\nnationality onto their children equally to men. For female heads of household whose husbands is dead, disappeared\nor missing, the requirement to submit a _Death or Divorce Certificate_ to obtain a _Birth Certificate_ and other civil\ndocuments should be lifted.\n\n\n- Advocate with the Ministry of Education to allow children who are missing some valid identity and civil documents\nto enroll in schools and participate in public exams.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2a84c057-4091-37f9-8dda-00c9f8eb9bda/protection_cluster_analysis_-_right_to_identity_and_civil_documentation.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_882/raw/doc_882_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_882/raw/doc_882_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 16a03c7c71d043fdd1640d0e71be1fbd37b12c95..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_882/raw/doc_882_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,305 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "_**Advocacy Paper**_ _**of Protection Cluster**_ _**Colombia**_\n\n### **Violence by non-State armed groups in urban areas in Colombia from the** **perspective of citizen security**\n\n\n**I.** **The problem: urban areas affected by violence**\n\n\nAccording to estimates by the national government, 50% of the 5,632.062 internally\ndisplaced persons in Colombia has reached 27 urban centers [1] . Despite the fact that there are\nno statistics to demonstrate how much of the displaced population persists in the cities, in\nview of the low level of return, it is assumed that the vast majority of them seek their local\nintegration in urban settings. At the same time, the human rights of the displaced population\nand other residents in urban centers have been affected, first, by the failure at the national,\ndepartmental and municipal levels of some of the State\u2019s obligations to respect, protect and\nguarantee the rights; secondly, by the actions of non-State armed groups, whether traditional\nparties of the armed conflict or armed groups that emerged following the demobilization of\nthe AUC, which the government calls \u201ccriminal gangs\u201d, or other local armed organizations\nand criminal groups. In its annual report, the International Committee of the Red Cross\n(ICRC) [2] warns about the plight of 39 cities in 14 departments in which the agency has\ndocumented 207 violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights\nlaw. Situations such as Cali and Buenaventura exemplify these issues. [3]\n\n\nThe nature and dynamics of urban violence differs from one urban center to another. Urban\ncenters such as Buenaventura, in particular, have experienced an increase in the intensity of\nfighting and violence, now visible at national and international level. In pursue of their\nstrategy of social and territorial control, search for illegal income and appropriation of legal\nincome, the armed groups that emerged after the demobilization of paramilitary groups and\nother local armed groups stand as the non-State actor that most directly impacts the rights of\n\n\n1 Unit for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for Victims (UARIV), National Information Network,\n[http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes 1 May 2014.](http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes)\n2 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), \u201cHumanitarian Situation: Activities 2013 and outlook\n2014\u201d, [http://www.icrc.org/spa/assets/files/2014/04-09-colombia-annual-report-2013-full-version.pdf, March](http://www.icrc.org/spa/assets/files/2014/04-09-colombia-annual-report-2013-full-version.pdf)\n2014.\n3 For example, in face of the dynamics of violence in the city of Cali, according to the Risk Report from the\noffice of the Ombudsman on Santiago de Cali N\u00ba 002-14 of 4 February 2014, approximately 250,000 people\nlocated in different municipalities are at risk, particularly children and teenagers, who face extreme\nvulnerability. Another example is the port of Buenaventura, where armed confrontation between non-State\narmed groups is ongoing since no armed group has achieved territorial dominance. This urban confrontation\nbetween \u201cUrabe\u00f1os\u201d and _\u201cLa Empresa\u201d_ increased when both groups were reinforced by the so-called\n_Gaitanistas_ and _Chocoanos,_ who are fighters from the departments of Choc\u00f3, Antioquia, C\u00f3rdoba, Valle (Cali\nand Palmira). According to the Office of the Ombudsman (Sixth at Risk Report N\u00ba 032 of 2008, issued on 31\nJanuary 2014), 94% of Buenaventura\u2019s population, more than 400,000 people, is at risk of human rights\nviolations.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "people living in urban areas. [4] Human rights abuses committed by these armed groups include\nmurder; extreme physical violence; enforced disappearances; threats to life and physical\nintegrity; gender-based violence, especially sexual violence or other violence against women,\nyoung women and girls; use of boys, girls and teenagers in armed groups; extortion;\nkidnapping and limitations on humanitarian access. These actions cause forced displacement\nof persons and families; prevent durable solutions and sometimes may be regarded as\nconfinement for the extent of the isolation and deprivation of goods and services. The\npopulation\u2019s vulnerability and restrictions on the achievement of solutions exacerbate the\nserious deficiencies in housing, utilities, infrastructure and income generation already faced\nby the population in these urban areas. These settlements are corridors for smuggling of\ngoods and drug trafficking in large and small scale. In recent years the intra-urban\ndisplacement phenomenon has grown steadily, [5] and the illegal armed groups that emerged\nafter the demobilization of paramilitary organizations are at the top of the list of actors\nresponsible for victimizing civilians. [6]\n\n\nIt is noticeable the vacuum represented by the failure of the Colombian State to comply its\nobligations related to human rights such as the provision of citizen security in many of these\nareas. Efforts to reverse the lasting effects of State neglect remain insufficient. In\nBuenaventura in early 2014, for example, United Nations-Human Rights documented that\nseveral key local authorities did not recognize 132 homicides occurred there in 2012 and 162\nthe following year. The institutional efforts to fight impunity were inadequate: ten\nprosecutors were in charge to process 1,200 methodological investigation plans opened in\nlate 2013 and the Technical Investigation Corps (CTI) had just one investigator dedicated to\nforensics. The logistic resources for research were insufficient; there were delays in the\nidentification of victims by the lack of a local forensic lab and there were no specific\noperations against criminal organizations. Other challenges include: I) weak institutional\ncoordination; II) low participation of institutions \u2013 with the exception of the police (SIJIN) \u2013\nin the search for missing persons; III) deficiencies in the provision of assistance and shelter to\nvictims; lack of previous consultation in housing projects; IV) low quality of education and\nlimited options for young people; V) invisibility of sexual violence; and VI) low presence of\npolice in high risk neighborhoods. Monitoring of public expenditure was inadequate,\n\n\n4 Human Rights Watch visited Buenaventura\u2019s urban center in November 2013 to investigate the causes of\nwidespread displacement there. The NGO warned that entire neighborhoods of the city were under the\ndomination of two powerful paramilitary successor groups known as _Urabe\u00f1os_ and _La Empresa_, that restrict the\ncitizens movement, recruit children, extort traders and are usually involved in aberrant acts of violence against\nanyone who stands to their interests. Between 2003 and 2006, right-wing paramilitary organizations participated\nin a demobilization process that had serious flaws and many members remained active in newly armed groups.\nThe NGO emphasizes that these new groups have basically replaced old paramilitary organizations in different\nregions and carry out similar activities, such as drug trafficking, often with some of the old members. Human\nRights Watch, \u201cThe Crisis in Buenaventura: Disappearances, dismemberment and displacement in Colombia\u2019s\nmain port on the Pacific\u201d, 2014.\n5 For example, from January 2012 to June 2014, 41 mass displacement movements in urban contexts were\nregistered (events are classified into intra-urban displacement and urban displacement between different cities)\nthat affected 15.000 people approximately. Buenaventura and Medell\u00edn concentrated 74% of displacements.\nAccording to the Report of the Ombudsman _(Personer\u00eda)_ of Medell\u00edn on the situation of human rights in that\ncity in 2013, there were 6.004 victims of intra-urban forced displacement, including three massive intra-urban\ndisplacements and two massive displacements in municipalities. For more information about displacements in\nBogot\u00e1 and Quibd\u00f3 in C\u00facuta, see CODHES, \u201cIntra-urban Forced Displacement and Durable Solutions\u201d, 2014.\n6 _El Espectador_, \u201cCriminal gangs, responsible for most human rights violations in Colombia,\u201d 26 March 2014,\n[http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/bacrim-responsables-de-mayoria-de-violaciones-de-ddhh-c-](http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/bacrim-responsables-de-mayoria-de-violaciones-de-ddhh-c-articulo-483096)\n[articulo-483096; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, \u201cTruth, justice and reparation: fourth report on](http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/bacrim-responsables-de-mayoria-de-violaciones-de-ddhh-c-articulo-483096)\nthe situation of human rights in Colombia,\u201d OEA/Ser.L/V/II, document 49/13, 31 December 2013.\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "including on the issue of care for victims of forced displacement. The private sector was not\nadequately involved in finding solutions to generate sustainable employment or the fight\nagainst corruption. In this case, it is commendable that the government announced a response\nplan for Buenaventura on 8 March 2014 to address the situation already reported by the\nOmbudsman, UNHCR and the United Nations-Human Rights in 2012. However, citizen\noversight and participation, and transparent accountability are necessary for the plan to be\neffective; Buenaventura is just a single example out of many.\n\n\nIn general, there is a public mistrust of the population towards the authorities and a general\nambiance of helplessness in light of the constant attacks committed by the new paramilitary\ngroups. [7] In these specific environments, the victims\u2019 distrust towards the institutions is an\nissue, either by the absence of effective, transparent and purposeful responses to systematic\nviolations to the rights of people living in neighborhoods that suffer the domain of non-State\narmed groups, by the fear that local governments could be infiltrated or co-opted by these\nillegal armed groups, or the generalized impunity in many areas of the country. Many victims\nare afraid to report the abuse suffered and opt for insufficient self-protection strategies such\nas seeking support in their relatives\u2019 homes. In this sense it is clear that some of the displaced\npopulation living in the urban areas has no measures of general satisfaction, guarantees of\nnon-repetition and protection [8] . It is worth to highlight that this trend seems to be changing\nsince the Constitutional Court issued its Order N\u00ba 119 in 2013, and the adjustments made in\nthe Unit for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for Victims (UARIV). The coordinated\nwork between UNHCR and the Sub-Directorate General notices a change in terms of the\nnumber of cases in which the entry register is based on displacement situations, in urban\nviolence situations and in the degree of inclusion of data in the register.\n\n\nThis is where it becomes necessary to think about how to respond to the challenges of\nprotection \u2013 in humanitarian language \u2013 and how to promote and strengthen the compliance\nof State responsibilities under international human rights standards. Doing so requires a\nmultidimensional perspective of human mobility taking into consideration the actors who\noperate in the context of expulsion, transit and reception, and additional causes of generalized\nviolence.\n\n\nIn line with its protection strategy [9] and its mandate to promote respect, protection and\nguarantee of human rights in humanitarian action, the Protection Cluster gives priority to\nidentify protection risks and gaps in the State\u2019s response to violence in urban areas, to clarify\nthe applicability of the protection legal frameworks and obligations of duty bearers, to\npromote comprehensive responses based on the international human rights law and\ninternational humanitarian law, and to propose coordinated action between the Humanitarian\nCountry Team and the United Nations System. In this regard, it is essential to enhance the\nactivation and effectiveness of existing national, regional and local mechanisms and\nprocesses related to citizen security.\n\n7 In some cases the public or NGO reports indicate alleged links between these groups and State agents. See for\nexample Human Rights Watch, \u201cThe Crisis in Buenaventura: Disappearances, dismemberment and\ndisplacement in Colombia\u2019s main port on the Pacific,\u201d 2014.\n8 CODHES, \u201cIntra-urban Forced Displacement and Durable Solutions\u201d, 2014.\n9 The protection strategy prioritizes four objectives: a) to promote mitigation to specific risks of boys, girls and\nwomen, and action against mines; b) to respond to the humanitarian needs of displaced populations and\ncommunities affected by the conflict by strengthening the protection response; c) to influence the agendas of\ngovernment at the national, departmental and municipal level as well as the donors, making visible the impact of\nthe conflict and the humanitarian needs; d) protection is central to the humanitarian action of all actors and\ncoordination mechanisms in the humanitarian coordination architecture.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **Legal frameworks applicable to situations of human rights abuses committed by**\n\n**non-State armed groups**\n\n\nThe abuses against human rights committed by non-State armed groups cause numerous\nvictims, restrictions to mobility, displacement inside Colombia, and displacement towards\nother countries. Therefore, it should be clarified the applicability of the protection\nframeworks to the protection needs of victims of violence in urban areas. In the Colombian\ncase are applicable:\n\n\n- **National law** (direct obligations to the State authorities, which also includes the\n\nrecognition of traditional authorities and non-State actors): It is noteworthy that\nColombia\u2019s Constitutional Court stated in its Order N\u00ba 119 of 2013 [10] that people displaced\nby groups created after the demobilization process \u201chave the fundamental right to be\nrecognized as displaced population through the registration and, thereby, to achieve access\nto emergency humanitarian aid, access to economic stabilization plans and return,\nresettlement or relocation programs, through an urgent treatment, preferential, different\nand unique provided by public authorities in an attempt to ensure their protection and\nassistance needs\u201d, considering that \u201cthe non-inclusion decision involves the violation of\ninnumerable fundamental rights.\u201d In the same judgment the Court emphasized \u201cit is\nimmaterial whether the displacement presents on the occasion of the armed conflict, the\nquality of the actor or its way to operate.\u201d\n\n\n- **International human rights law, international customary law and \u201csoft\u201d law** (direct\n\nobligations to respect, protect and guarantee for the State authorities and of respect for\nother actors): The State must ensure citizen security based on a series of rights defined by\ninternational instruments for the protection of human rights and by the Inter-American\nCommission on Human Rights. Furthermore, the application of human rights principles to\nthe public performance is required, including participation, accountability, equality and\nnon-discrimination. It is noteworthy that State authorities have negative duties of\nabstention and respect, as well as positive obligations associated with protection,\nprevention and non-repetition measures. [11] It should be recalled that even in internal\narmed conflicts still applies the international human rights law. The IHRL and IHL are\nnot mutually exclusive but complementary and reinforcing. [12]\n\n\n- **Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement** (direct obligations for State authorities\n\nand non-State actors): The vast majority of internal displacement situations caused by the\nviolence in urban areas are within the scope of application of the Principles, or because it\nis about internal displacement caused by \u201cgeneralized violence situations\u201d or \u201chuman\nrights violations.\u201d It should be noted that the list of reasons for displacement enshrined in\nthe Principles is not exhaustive.\n\n\n10 Constitutional Court, Special Chamber for the Monitoring of Sentence T-025 of 2004 and its compliance\norders, Order N\u00ba 119 of 2013, 24 June 2013.\n11 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, \u201cReport on Citizen Security and Human Rights,\u201d 2009.\n12 See United Nations-Human Rights, \u201cInternational Legal Protection of Human Rights During Armed\nConflict,\u201d 2011, available in Spanish on the website:\n[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HR_in_armed_conflict_SP.pdf](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HR_in_armed_conflict_SP.pdf)\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- **International humanitarian law (IHL):** According to the international jurisprudence, [13]\n\nthe IHL applies to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State when there is a\nprotracted armed conflict (\u201cintensity of the conflict\u201d) between the governmental\nauthorities and organized armed groups that have a \u201cminimum level of organization\u201d or\nbetween such groups. For the applicability of IHL, the motivation of organized groups in\na situation of armed violence is not a criterion for determining the existence of an armed\nconflict.\n\n\nTo distinguish between an armed conflict within the meaning of Article 3, common to the\nfour Geneva Conventions, and less severe forms of violence, such as internal disturbances\nand tensions, riots or acts of banditry, the situation must reach a certain confrontation\nthreshold. The intensity of conflict is measured by various criteria such as \u201cnumber of\nvictims\u201d and the \u201cdisplacement of the civilian population.\u201d [14]\n\n\nMoreover, non-State armed groups involved in the conflict should be considered \u201cparties\nto the conflict\u201d if they have a minimum organization which is measured by criteria such\nas \u201cthe existence of a minimum structure of hierarchy and discipline among the people\nwho make up the armed organization,\u201d \u201cthe ability to plan, prepare and conduct hostilities\nor typically military operations,\u201d \u201cthe ability to recruit and train combatants,\u201d \u201cthe ability\nto obtain, transport and distribute all kind of weapons\u201d and the existence of internal\nrules.\u201d [15 ]\n\n\nAlthough, according to analytical reports [16], groups such as \u201c _Los Urabe\u00f1os\u201d_ created after\nthe demobilization process of 2005 have an organizational structure that would allow the\nmaterial application of IHL, the fact that other non-State armed groups have not reached\nyet the \u201cminimum level of organization\u201d means that the dynamics of violence within most\nurban contexts is still below the requirements to activate the IHL. In addition, the\nconfrontations between _Los Urabe\u00f1os_ and parties to the armed conflict have not reached\nthe intensity required by the IHL. The existence of many of these groups comes from the\nfailed application of appropriate standards in the effective demobilization and the\ndismantling of armed and economic paramilitary structures. In the case of _Rastrojos, Los_\n_Urabe\u00f1os,_ and _\u00c1guilas Negras,_ for example, regardless of their structure changes and\nfragmentation, it is not about the spontaneous emergence of armed criminal groups, but\nthe use of previous armed structures with political support and the infiltration in different\n\n\n13 See for example _Prosecutor v. Tadi\u0107, Case N\u00ba IT-94-1-AR72_, Decision on Defence Motion for Interlocutory\nAppeal on Jurisdiction, 70 (International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 2 October 1995).\n14 _Prosecutor v. Bo\u0161koski and Tar\u010dulovski, Case N\u00ba IT-04-82-T_, Judgment, 175 (International Tribunal for the\nformer Yugoslavia, 10 July 2008); Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum, Humanitarian Responses to NonConventional Violence in Central America and Mexico, Antigua, Guatemala, 9 April 2014. The other criteria\nare \u201cthe existence of typically military actions by conflicting parties in different time periods,\u201d \u201cthe collective\nnature of the hostilities,\u201d \u201cdiversity and variety of hostilities,\u201d \u201cthe increase of military operations over a set\nperiod of time,\u201d \u201ccarrying out such military operations in different parts of the national territory,\u201d \u201ccontrol of the\nterritory by a non-State armed group,\u201d \u201cthe increase of hostilities in a specific area of the territory,\u201d \u201cthe ability\nto plan their strategies and tactics on the battlefield,\u201d \u201cthe nature of the means and methods used for warfare,\u201d\n\u201cdistribution and movement of weapons by the different parties to the armed conflict,\u201d \u201cthe possibility that these\ndifferent military operations can be continued\u201d and \u201cthe increase and mobilization of members of the conflicting\nparties in certain areas.\u201d\n15 Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions; ICTY, _The Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj,_ Judgment, IT-0366-T, 30 November 2005, paragraphs 94-134; ICTY, _The Prosecutor v Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107_, Case N\u00ba IT-02-54T, Decision on Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, 16 June 2004.\n16 See for example The Office of the Prosecutor (International Criminal Court), \u201cReport on Preliminary\nExamination Activities 2013\u201d, pp. 29-37.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sectors of administration, economics and politics, which have allowed them to continue\ndisplaying control of large areas within the country. Furthermore, paramilitaries and\nguerrillas in Colombia for decades have been devoted to illegal activities such as drug\ntrafficking, without ceasing participating in the internal armed conflict while they have\nformally existed; that\u2019s why the eventual implementation of the IHL, if it becomes\nnecessary, is oriented in addition to their structures and motivations, to their humanitarian\nimpact.\n\n\nFrom a humanitarian perspective, in any case, the non-State armed groups are covered by\nInternational Human Rights Law and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, in\nwhich are taken into account both situations of armed conflict and generalized violence,\nthe latter being the qualification that the Colombian Constitutional Court has been giving\nto address the impact of the actions of such groups. [17]\n\n\nIn the asylum countries that receive applicants fleeing violence in urban areas are applicable:\n\n\n - **National law** (e.g. laws/decrees on refugees and complementary protection, migration\n\nlaw and the indigenous customary law where applicable);\n\n\n - **International human rights law, customary international law and \u201csoft\u201d law (** e.g.\n\nInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, American Convention on Human\nRights: access to asylum, principle of _non-refoulement,_ etc.); and\n\n\n - **International refugee law** (Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951\n\nthat establishes among others the principle of _non-refoulement_ and the principle of\nnon-penalization for irregular entry, Cartagena Declaration of 1984).\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR, [18] victims of human rights abuses committed by organized criminal\ngroups, can be considered as refugees when they have: (i) well-founded fear of persecution\nby such groups, (ii) for reasons of political opinion, (iii) membership of a particular social\ngroup, (iv) or are unable or, owing to such fear, are unwilling to avail themselves of the\nprotection of their country of nationality.\n\n\nConsidering that the non-State armed groups can generate non-compliance by the action or\nomission of duties of the State agents through direct links of collaboration, corruption, or\ncoercion, objecting to their activities would amount to a critical opinion of the methods and\npolicies of those in power and therefore may constitute a real or imputed political opinion\nwithin the meaning of the definition of individual refugee enshrined in the 1951 Convention.\n\n\nLikewise, people who are opposed to the group methods such as forced recruitment, or\nfamilies of individuals associated to the groups, or opposed to the groups, can belong to a\n\u201cparticular social group\u201d and therefore qualify for refugee status.\n\n\nThe Cartagena Declaration of 1984 expands the refugee definition contained in the 1951\nConvention, including persons who have fled their country (\u2026) _because their lives, safety or_\n_freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts,_\n_massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed_\n\n\n17 Among others, see: Constitutional Court, Order N\u00ba 119 (2013). Sentence T \u2013 06 of 2014.\n18 UNHCR, \u201cGuidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Victims of Gangs,\u201d 2010.\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_public order._ According to experts, [19] \u201cgeneralized violence\u201d includes situations characterized\nby such indiscriminate and widespread violence that affects large groups of people.\nAccording to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, [20] \u201cgeneralized violence\u201d is\ncharacterized, among others, by the number of violent incidents as well as a high number of\nvictims; the existing violence inflicts severe suffering on the population; violence is\nmanifested in the most atrocious ways, including massacres, torture, mutilation, cruel,\ninhuman and degrading treatment, kidnappings and disappearances; performing acts of\nviolence which frequently are intended to cause terror, and finally, to create such a situation\nthat people have no choice but to flee the affected area. When violence emanates from nonState agents the authorities cannot control them effectively; the level and extent of violence is\nsuch that the normal functioning of society is severely affected. According to UNHCR, [21]\npeople fleeing generalized violence in Colombia, may be eligible for refugee status within the\nCartagena Declaration framework.\n\n\n**III.** **Concept of citizen security: The State guarantees and protects all human rights**\n\n\nIn line with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the concept of citizen security\nis meant as a situation in which people can live free from threats caused by violence and\ncrime, and the State has the necessary means to respect, protect and fulfill human rights when\ndirectly threatened. [22] Citizen security is related to the interrelated presence of multiple actors,\nconditions and factors. Among them: the structure of government and society; governmental\npolicies and programs; the enforcement of civil, political, cultural, economic, and social\nrights; and the regional and international scene. Citizen security is threatened when the State\nfails to fulfill its role of providing protection against crime and social violence, which\ninterrupts the basic relationship between rulers and rights-holders \u2013 women, men, girls, boys\nand children. The situation is exacerbated when in addition to non-State armed groups, the\nState has been charged directly as suspect for violations to the human rights of its citizens; in\nthe Colombian case, for alleged acts and omissions. [23]\n\n\nPositive obligations taken over by the Colombian State require a public policy on citizen\nsecurity that addresses as a priority the operation of an efficient institutional structure to\nensure the population\u2019s effective exercise of human rights related to the prevention, the\ncontrol of violence and crime, the immediate responses to human rights abuses, and solutions\nfor people displaced by violence. A citizen security policy takes as a priority the rights to life,\nto personal integrity, to liberty and to individual security, to procedural safeguards and\njudicial protection, to privacy and the protection of honor and dignity, to freedom of\nexpression, freedom of assembly and association and to participate in issues of public\n\n\n19 UNHCR, Expert Meetings, Interpretation of the extended refugee definition in the 1984 Cartagena\nDeclaration,\u201d Montevideo, Uruguay, 15-16 October 2013.\n20 See for example, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), \u201cViolence and discrimination\nagainst women in the armed conflict in Colombia\u201d (Chapter II, \u201cThe armed conflict in Colombia and its impact\non women\u201d), OAS/Ser.L/V/II. Document 67, 18 October 2006.\n21 UNHCR, \u201cEligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from\nColombia\u201d, 2010.\n22 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, \u201cReport on Citizen Security and Human Rights\u201d,\nOEA/Ser.L/V/II, document 57, 31 December 2009.\n23 Fifty processes and 134 formal complaints have ben submitted to the Inter-American Human Rights System\nagainst Colombia, several of them with conviction sentences due to direct actions of State forces and others\ntogether with paramilitary groups. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Contentious Cases:\n[http://www.corteidh.or.cr/index.php/16-juris/22-casos-contenciosos](http://www.corteidh.or.cr/index.php/16-juris/22-casos-contenciosos) and \u201cInternational justice has opened 50\ncases against Colombia: government\u201d, _Semana_ magazine, 29 August 2011.\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "interest.\n\n\nAccording to the Inter-American Commission, a public policy on citizen security and\nresponse pathways should address the different dimensions of the problems that cause crime\nand violence, and therefore, it is necessary that their actions lead to a comprehensive\napproach. In other words, they must be (1) comprehensive (by systematically covering human\nrights as a whole), (2) cross-sectorial (by engaging actions, plans and budgets of different\nState actors); (3) participatory ( by permanent intervention of the people involved and the need\nfor citizens to participate in the solution); (4) universal (by its coverage without exclusion or\ndiscrimination of any kind), and (5) intergovernmental (by engaging institutions of central\nand local governments).\n\n\nThe governmental strategy must involve different areas of the State\u2019s institutionalism: from\njudicial-policing control system to measures of social prevention, community prevention and\nprotection or situational that must be performed by education, health or employment entities,\namong others, engaging also national and local governments. [24]\n\n\nIt is important to remember that the impact of different types of violence in urban and rural\nareas is not the same in the lives of women, young girls, children and adolescents. Therefore,\nthe comprehensive and differential approach towards the problem implies that public policy\nand routes of response should tackle the protection risks and the specific needs of these\npeople in a holistically manner. Additionally, the holistic responses should consider different\nforms of gender violence, which also include direct attacks against the LGBT population, [25]\nand phenomena such as domestic violence and violence against women, including domestic\nviolence as one of the causes of violence in urban areas.\n\n\n**IV.** **Gaps in the State\u2019s response**\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster believes that despite the mandate of the _Alta Consejer\u00eda para la_\n_Seguridad Ciudadana y la Convivencia_ (High Council for Citizen Security and Coexistence)\nof giving a more comprehensive strategic vision to the topic, the State response to generalized\nviolence in urban areas often remains disjointed and limited.\n\n\nFirst, the political system has delegated citizen security to its security forces, police and\njustice. These actors make decisions about the safety of people and their property based\nprimarily on their own interests, independently of other public policies, without adequate\noversight by the citizenry. As a result, interventions often are \u201cactions with harm\u201d,\nvictimizing once again the affected population, particularly women, children and teenagers.\n\n\nSecond, the public sector has not yet recognized the full extent of the disproportionate impact\nof urban violence in children and adolescents, and the Afro-Colombian and indigenous\npopulations. It should be stressed out the lack of analysis of official figures on violence,\n\n24 \u201cThe preventive area includes responsibilities that are beyond the competence assigned to the judicial system\nand the police. Based on the definition of public policy adopted, this area includes the non-punitive measures\nthat other state agencies must implement (within both the central government and local governments) working\nin partnership with civil society organizations, private enterprise and the media. These are social, communitarian\nand situational measures whose purpose is to influence the enabling factors of social, cultural, economic,\nenvironmental or urban risk factors, among others, that contribute to higher rates of violence and crime,\u201d InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights, \u201cReport on Citizen Security and Human Rights\u201d, 2009, paragraph 58,\npp. 25:\n[http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/seguridad/seguridadiv.sp.htm](http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/seguridad/seguridadiv.sp.htm)\n25 Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "disaggregated by age, gender and ethnicity, the crossing of variables, the analysis from a\ngender perspective and above all, that the partial information is taken as a reference in public\npolicy making. Another difficulty is that the government does not have data collection\ncapacity, for example in rural areas and for certain crimes such as sexual violence.\n\n\nThird, comprehensive public policies lack of quality and integrity and their implementation\nfails to develop, simultaneously, specific actions and strategic plans at the operational,\nregulatory and preventive level. The public sector, particularly at the municipal level and\nmore specifically in municipalities of categories 5 and 6, currently has an insufficient\ninstitutional capacity of design, implementation and accountability of the actions included in\nthe plans and programs that make public policy on citizen security. Furthermore, the public\nsector does not have the adequate human, economic and technical resources. Often the State\nhas no permanent institutional presence in the most affected areas by urban violence. It is also\nimportant to mention the exogenous and contextual factors that limit the State\u2019s response\nsuch as access restrictions, or that are associated to the urban violence increase, such as the\nproliferation of small and light weapons, youth unemployment and school dropout.\n\n\nFourth, government interventions are not based on systematic coordination between central,\nnational, local and traditional authorities (as well as between different government entities)\ndespite the existence of mechanisms and procedures for doing so.\n\n\nFifth, it is necessary that the government review the way that public policies are conceived\nand designed in terms of rights and particularly the way that the indicators of Effective\nEnjoyment of Rights are being implemented. The government\u2019s approach is often considered\nas of welfare, reactive and short-term oriented. The response routes of the government do not\ncover human rights systematically as a whole and are not inter-sectorial. The recruitment and\nuse of children by armed groups are possible to the extent that children and young people\nliving in marginal areas of cities do not find appropriate educational, cultural and recreational\nopportunities and their parents cannot find employment opportunities neither. [26] The lack of\nenvironments with protection safeguards where young people can exercise their citizenship\nunder appropriate conditions according to their gender, age and sexual orientation; the lack of\nprovision of basic services and the image of children and teenagers as \u201coffenders requiring\nprosecution, restriction of the exercise of their rights and curfews\u201d encourage, promote and\nchannel the violence against them and enables their involvement in illegal activities.\n\n\nFurthermore the interventions have focused on local issues, ignoring the departmental,\nregional and national aspects and contexts.\n\n\nFinally, it is worth noting the lack of participation of affected populations in the design of\npublic policies and response routes on consideration of a differential approach that guarantees\na response to different populations or victims of these situations of generalized violence.\nPublic and transparent accountability from the authorities to the affected right-holders is\nconsidered a fundamental tool to achieve durable solutions.\n\n\nThere is a need for responses designed taking into account the different environments rather\nthan individual subsidies. There is also a need to recognize and strengthen the communities\u2019\nself-protection mechanisms.\n\n\n**V. Conclusions and role of the Humanitarian Country Team and the Protection Cluster**\n\n\n26 CODHES, \u201cIntra-urban Forced Displacement and Durable Solutions\u201d, 2014.\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In conclusion, the Protection Cluster considers that\n\n\n - While the violence in several urban areas of Colombia meets the criteria of\n\n\u201cgeneralized violence\u201d as defined by the Inter-American Commission on Human\nRights, most urban contexts suffer multiple forms of violence caused by non-State\narmed groups in a more invisible manner. This shows the need to review the image of\nthe urban centers as safe areas, unlike the rural world where armed conflict\ntraditionally has elapsed.\n\n\n - First, national authorities and, in a complementary manner, the humanitarian actors\n\nmust respond to the protection needs of victims of violence through comprehensive\nstrategies with a differential approach based on the international human rights law,\ninternational humanitarian law and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.\nThe State has a clear and immediate obligation to develop the necessary capabilities\nto carry out intelligence, investigations, and arrests among other actions against nonState armed groups that generate violence.\n\n\n - Also, from a humanitarian and human rights perspective, all non-State armed groups\n\nare bound to respect the international human rights law and the Guiding Principles on\nInternal Displacement at all times.\n\n\nTo address these problems, the Protection Cluster recommends the following actions:\n\n\n - Considering that a possible signing of a peace agreement between the government and\n\nthe FARC would conclude hostilities, but not necessarily the other existing forms of\nviolence caused by armed groups that emerged after the demobilization of the\nparamilitary groups, in relation to the new scenario we recommend to consistently use\nthe term \u201cpost-agreement\u201d instead of \u201cpost-conflict.\u201d We also recommend using the\nterm \u201carmed groups\u201d (including those that emerged after the demobilization of\nparamilitary groups) instead of \u201ccriminal gangs\u201d (BACRIM) with respect to non-State\nactors who are responsible for violations of human rights and displacement.\n\n\n - The United Nations humanitarian agencies and others should improve their\n\nunderstanding of urban issues in its many expressions and their different impacts on\nthe population, increase their presence in affected urban contexts and design, within\nthe framework of the protection thematic groups and local humanitarian teams,\ncoordinated protection and humanitarian assistance strategies with differential\napproach to promote that the State as a whole meets its responsibilities based on the\ninternational human rights law, and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.\nThe coordination and articulation of international humanitarian actors and others with\nnational, regional, departmental and local authorities must be strengthened after an\nassessment of the existing institutions.\n\n\n - The Humanitarian Coordinator, the Humanitarian Country Team and the United\n\nNations System should visualize the new dynamics of violence, promote the\napplicability of international protection frameworks (human rights, Guiding Principles\non Internal Displacement, IHL, UN Security Council Resolutions) [27] and base their\ninterventions on the concept of \u201ccitizen security\u201d, including the focus on human rights\n\n\n27 See for example Resolution 1325/2000 on women, peace and security.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and sustainable solutions.\n\n\n - Humanitarian actors should promote an unbiased response from the authorities that\n\nconsiders the humanitarian and protection needs regardless of the nature of the\nperpetrator.\n\n\n - The Humanitarian Coordinator, the Humanitarian Country Team and the United\n\nNations System should promote the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation\nand public accountability with the government of inter-institutional comprehensive\npublic policies and solutions, to address the causes of violence and not only its\nhumanitarian expressions. This is especially relevant considering that an eventual\ndismantling of the FARC-EP and/or massive demobilization of guerrillas, and a likely\nreduction in the military, can increase the levels of violence and insecurity and the\nnumber of individuals involved in organized and common crime \u2013 even the children\nand teenagers that will be detached from guerrillas could be recruited again by\ndemobilized groups\u2013 and facilitate the reconfiguration and strengthening of new\nillegal armed groups.\n\n\n - Given the multidimensional causes of urban violence, the coordination among actors\n\nof development, of human rights and the humanitarian agencies must be deepened to\ngenerate comprehensive responses to the problem and from a differential approach.\nThese actors should assist the national, regional, departmental and local authorities to\ndesign and implement comprehensive responses and strengthen government skills\nthrough technical cooperation, advice and resources, based on their different mandates\nin a coordinated and complementary manner.\n\n\n - Direct interventions of humanitarian agencies and international organizations in\n\nurban settings should contribute to increasing the will, knowledge and skills relevant\nto the authorities to assume their role of respect, protection and assurance as well as\nself-protection capabilities and the demand of rights of affected communities.\nLikewise, all humanitarian programming should help reduce threats and\nvulnerabilities. In accordance with the IASC Guidelines on the centrality of protection\nin the humanitarian action and those for the interventions against gender-based\nviolence in humanitarian settings, the projects must apply a rights-based approach, a\ngender approach and a differential approach to ensure an \u201caction without harm,\u201d and\nintegrate the principles of participation, accountability, equality and nondiscrimination by the Colombian authorities and the United Nations.\n\n\n - The Protection Cluster requests the HCT, its Humanitarian Coordinator and the group\n\nof donor members, the allotment of emergency response resources (CERF-ERF) and\nother donors\u2019 own resources to address these situations of generalized violence.\n\n\n - The Protection Cluster requests the UN Interagency Information Managing Working\n\nGroup (in coordination with clusters) to strengthen the means, mechanisms and\ninformation tools to achieve a more thorough and systematic monitoring of these\nsituations of generalized violence in urban areas.\n\n\n_Protection Cluster - Colombia, September 2014_\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **_Annexes_**\n\n_NOTE: The data included in these tables correspond to the information reported by the_\n_Colombian Ministry for Social Prosperity (DPS) [It is uncertain whether or not the data has_\n_been included in the register], two events reported by other sources (UNHCR Field Offices_\n_and press,) and events reported in the crosschecking session with UARIV and OCHA._\n\n|MUNICIPAL FIGURES OF MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS IN URBAN CONTEXTS|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|DEPARTMENT|MUNICIPALITY|2012|2013|2014|TOTAL|\n|VALLE DEL CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|
8|9|
5|22|\n|
ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|4|4||8|\n|CAUCA|GUAPI|1|1||2|\n|LA GUAJIRA|MAICAO|2|||2|\n|CAQUETA|MILAN||1||1|\n|CAUCA|
TIMBIQUI|1|||1|\n|CHOCO|SIPI||1||1|\n|CUNDIMARCA|SOACHA|1|||1|\n|NORTE DE SANTANDER|EL TARRA|1|||1|\n|
NORTE DE SANTANDER|SAN CALIXTO|||1|1|\n|
PUTUMAYO|
SAN MIGUEL|1|||1|\n|TOTAL||19|16|6|41|\n|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|\n\n\n|DEPARTAMENTAL FIGURES OF MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS IN URBAN CONTEXTS|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|DEPARTAMENTO
|2012
|2013
|2014
|TOTAL
|\n|
VALLE DEL CAUCA|
8|9|5|22|\n|ANTIOQUIA|4|4||
8|\n|CAUCA|2|1||3|\n|LA GUAJIRA|2|||2|\n|NORTE DE SANTANDER|1||1|2|\n|CAQUETA||1||1|\n|CHOCO||1||1|\n|CUNDIMARCA|1|||1|\n|PUTUMAYO|1|||1
|\n|TOTAL|19|16|6|41|\n|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV|\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MUNICIPAL FIGURES OF MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS IN URBAN CONTEXTS", - "confidence": 0.8230342864990234, - "start": 76, - "end": 84 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV", - "confidence": 0.6659817695617676, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7161272764205933, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7238026261329651, - "start": 383, - "end": 384 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_NOTE: The data included in these tables correspond to the information reported by the_\n_Colombian Ministry for Social Prosperity (DPS) [It is uncertain whether or not the data has_\n_been included in the register], two events reported by other sources (UNHCR Field Offices_\n_and press) and other events reported in the crosschecking session with UARIV and OCHA._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS (2012,2013 JANUARY-DECEMBER) (2014 JANUARY-JUNE)|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|MONTH|YEAR|DEPARTMENT|MUNICIPALITY|EXPULSION|RECEPTION|TYPE|NO. OF
AFFECTED
FAMILIES|CAUSE|ACTOR|POPULATION|\n|JANUARY|2012|CUNDINAMARCA|SOACHA|ALTOS DE LA FLORIDA|SOACHA|U \u2013
U|16|HOMICIDES|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|JANUARY|2012|LA GUAJIRA|MAICAO|VILLA DIANA|CP. MAICAO|U \u2013
U|26|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|FEBRUARY|2012|NORTE DE
SANTANDER|EL TARRA|MOTILANDIA / VILLANUEVA Y
COMUNEROS NEIGHBORHOODS|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|265|HARASSMENT|-|PEASANTS|\n|FEBRUARY|2012|CAUCA|GUAPI|BARRIO, SANTA MONICA|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|64|THREATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|MARCH|2012|CAUCA|TIMBIQUI|CALLE DEL PUEBLO|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|11|ARMED ACTIONS|FARC|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|MARCH|2012|PUTUMAYO|SAN MIGUEL|URBAN|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|11|MAP|FARC|INDIGENOUS|\n|APRIL|2012|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|SECTOR PAN DE AZ\u00daCAR \u2013 VILLA
HERMOSA|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|18|THREATS /
INTIMIDATION|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|PEASANTS|\n|MAY|2012|LA GUAJIRA|MAICAO|VICTORIA Y LA MAJAYURA|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|26|COMBAT|FARC|PEASANTS|\n|JUNE|2012|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|CABILDO CHIBKARIWAK \u2013CAMPO
VALDEZ NEIGHBORHOOD|ALBERGUE
BARRIO
LAURELES|U \u2013
U|14|THREATS /
INTIMIDATION|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|INDIGENOUS|\n|OCTOBER|2012|ANTIOQIIA|MEDELLIN|BARRIO MAR\u00cdA CANO|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|14|THREATS /
INTIMIDATION|FARC|OTHERS|\n|OCTOBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|BELLAVISTA
(PAMPALINDA) COMMUNE 8|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|62|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|OCTOBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|CARMELITA \u2013 COMMUNE 9|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|111|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|OCTOBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SEIS DE ENERO \u2013 COMMUNE 9|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|163|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|OCTOBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|JUAN XXIII \u2013 COMMUNE 7|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|639|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|CALLE MUNICIPAL|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|26|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SAN LUIS|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|23|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|BARRIO 6 DE ENERO|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|118|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2012|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SANTA CRUZ|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|249|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2012|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|COMMUNE 8 EXFUERZOS DE PAZ|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|22|THREATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|JANUARY|2013|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|COMMUNE 8 LA SIERRA|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|13|THREATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|INDIGENOUS|\n|JANUARY|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|BUENAVENTURA|BOGOTA|MU
\u2013 D|12|MASSACRE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|JANUARY|2013|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|NEIGHBORHOODSBELENCITO
CORAZ\u00d3N, JUAN XXIII AND EL
SOCORRO IN COMMUNE 13|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|30|COMBATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|FEBRUARY|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|LA PLAYITA / PUENTE LOS
NAYEROS|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|153|THREATS -
COMBATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|MAY|2013|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|SAN GABRIAL SAN CRISTOBAL|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|19|COMBATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|JUNE|2013|CAUCA|GUAPI|NEIGHBORHOODS: TEMUEY
SANSON EL CARMENS
PENITENTE|PUERTO CALI,
OLIMPICO,
PUEBLITO AND
SANTA MONICA|U \u2013
U|228|COMBATS \u2013
HARASSMENTS|FARC|AFRO-
COLOMBIANS -
INDIGENOUS|\n|JUNE|2013|CAQUETA|MILAN|SAN ANTONIO GETUCHA|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|40|HARASSMENTS \u2013
THREATS|FARC|PEASANTS|\n|JUNE|2013|CHOCO|SIPI|URBAN CENTER|ITSMINA|U \u2013
U|94|ATTACKS|ELN|AFRO-
COLOMBIANS|\n|JUNE|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|MIRAMAR NEIGHBORHOOD|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|26|THREATS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
COLOMBIANS|\n|NOVEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|VIENTO LIBRE ( COMMUNE 2)|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|1304|COMBATS -
HOMICIDE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|LA PLAYITA ( COMMUNE 2)|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|U \u2013
U|COMBATS -
HOMICIDE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|PIEDRAS CANTAN|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|U \u2013
U|||AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|PIEDRAS CANTAN|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|U \u2013
U|COMBATS -
HOMICIDE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|NOVEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|ALBERTO LLERAS CAMARGO (
COMMUNE 3)|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|U \u2013
U|COMBATS -
HOMICIDE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|DECEMBER|2013|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|VISTA HERMOSA NEIGHBORHOOD|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|12|COMBATS -
HOMICIDE|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|DECEMBER|2013|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|NUEVOS CONQUISTADORES
NEIGHBORHOOD IN COMMUNE
13|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|10|HOMICIDE -
INTIMIDATIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|OTHERS|\n|JANUARY|2014|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SAN JOS\u00c9 NEIGHBORHOOD,
COMMUNE 4|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|66|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|JANUARY|2014|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SAN JOS\u00c9 NEIGHBORHOOD|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|29|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|JANUARY|2014|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|(SAN CIPRIANO) CORDOBA SAN
CIPRIANO COMMUNITY COUNCIL|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|14|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|FEBRUARY|2014|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|SAN CIPRIANO|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|11|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|MARCH|2014|VALLE DEL
CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|PIEDRAS CANTAN NEIGHBORHOOD
COMMUNE 4|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|35|ARMED ACTIONS|POST-
DEMOBILISATION
GROUP|AFRO-
DESCENDANTS|\n|APRIL|2014|NORTE DE
SANTANDER|SAN CALIXTO|GUARAMITO NEIGHBORHOOD|INTRA-URBAN|U \u2013
U|25|ARMED ACTIONS|FARC/EPL/ELN|PEASANTS|\n|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|
SOURCE: UNHCR CONTRAST UARIV
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "register", - "confidence": 0.7934468388557434, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.7186743021011353, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UARIV", - "confidence": 0.9231257438659668, - "start": 2250, - "end": 2251 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.680999219417572, - "start": 2260, - "end": 2261 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Reception: Municipalities that concentrate 50% of the consolidated reception between 1985-_\n_2014 (Source: rni.unidadvictimas as of 1 May 2014)_\n\n|MUNICIPALITIES THAT CONCENTRATE 50% OF CONSOLIDAD RECEPTION FROM 1985 TO 2014|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|TOP|DEPARTMENT|MUNICIPALITY|TYPE OF EVENT|TOTAL|%|\n|1|BOGOTA, D.C.|BOGOTA, D.C.|PEOPLE RECEIVED|443775|8%|\n|2|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|PEOPLE RECEIVED|358085|6%|\n|3|MAGDALENA|SANTA MARTA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|182632|3%|\n|4|VALLE DEL CAUCA|BUENAVENTURA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|123311|2%|\n|5|SUCRE|SINCELEJO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|120874|2%|\n|6|VALLE DEL CAUCA|CALI|PEOPLE RECEIVED|120412|2%|\n|7|CESAR|VALLEDUPAR|PEOPLE RECEIVED|108207|2%|\n|8|BOLIVAR|CARTAGENA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|101522|2%|\n|9|CAQUETA|FLORENCIA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|97982|2%|\n|10|META|VILLAVICENCIO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|96467|2%|\n|11|ATLANTICO|BARRANQUILLA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|93373|2%|\n|12|ANTIOQUIA|TURBO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|91615|2%|\n|13|CAUCA|POPAYAN|PEOPLE RECEIVED|88569|2%|\n|14|CORDOBA|MONTERIA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|85076|1%|\n|15|CHOCO|QUIBDO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|77057|1%|\n|16|NORTE DE SANTANDER|CUCUTA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|76925|1%|\n|17|NARI\u00d1O|SAN ANDRES DE TUMACO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|76336|1%|\n|18|TOLIMA|IBAGUE|PEOPLE RECEIVED|72030|1%|\n|19|ANTIOQUIA|APARTADO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|66429|1%|\n|20|SANTANDER|BUCARAMANGA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|57441|1%|\n|21|HUILA|NEIVA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|56086|1%|\n|22|NARI\u00d1O|PASTO|PEOPLE RECEIVED|55461|1%|\n|23|ATLANTICO|SOLEDAD|PEOPLE RECEIVED|54541|1%|\n|24|SANTANDER|BARRANCABERMEJA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|52675|1%|\n|25|LA GUAJIRA|RIOHACHA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|51944|1%|\n|26|CUNDINAMARCA|SOACHA|PEOPLE RECEIVED|46390|1%|\n|27|BOLIVAR|EL CARMEN DE BOLIVAR|PEOPLE RECEIVED|45908|1%|\n|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|SOURCE: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/?q=v-reportes CUTOFF 1 MAYO DE 2014|\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "rni.unidadvictimas", - "confidence": 0.6942058205604553, - "start": 17, - "end": 20 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9752063751220703, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PEOPLE RECEIVED", - "confidence": 0.7018809914588928, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "PEOPLE RECEIVED", - "confidence": 0.7555381059646606, - "start": 308, - "end": 310 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## POPULATION CENTERS URBAN VIOLENCE AND MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n|MASSIVE DISPLACEMENTS IN URBAN CONTEXTS 2012 \u2013 2014 PERIOD|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||URBAN - RURAL|URBAN - RURAL|URBAN - URBAN|URBAN - URBAN|\n|DEPARTMENT|MUNICIPALITY|NO. OF
EVENTS
|NO. OF
AFFECTED
FAMILIES|NO. OF
EVENTS|NO. OF
FAMILIES|\n|ANTIOQUIA|AMALFI|1|133|||\n|ANTIOQUIA|ITAGUI|||1|11
|\n|ANTIOQUIA|MEDELLIN|||12|197|\n|CAQUETA|SAN ANTONIO GETUCH|A
||1|
40|\n|CAUCA|
CALDONO|
1|85|||\n|CAUCA|GUAPI|
||2|292|\n|CAUCA|LOPEZ DE MICAY|1|25|||\n|CAUCA
|
TIMBIQUI|||1|11|\n|CHOCO
|RIOSUCIO|||1|15|\n|
CHOCO|SIPI|||1|94|\n|
CUNDIMARCA|SOACHA|||1|16|\n|LA GUAJIRA
|MAICAO|||2|52|\n|
NARI\u00d1O|TUMACO|||1|16
|\n|
NORTE DE SANTANDER|EL TARRA|||1|265|\n|
NORTE DE SANTANDER|
SAN CALIXTO|||2|
74|\n|
PUTUMAYO|
SAN MIGUEL|||1|11|\n|PUTUMAYO|
VALLE DEL GUAMUEZ|1|16|||\n|VALLE DEL CAUCA|
BUENAVENTURA|||23|3111|\n|

VALLE DEL CAUCA|LA VICTORIA|||1|
11|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/89be418d-9d15-3611-bfba-d173ca4f0267/protection_cluster_colombia_advocacy_paper_on_urban_violence_-_september_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_883/raw/doc_883_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_883/raw/doc_883_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e604ed07f3237c2aeae2289209eec82b145a4fdf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_883/raw/doc_883_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,672 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **SOUTH SUDAN**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### **Ecconomical crisis and imminent threat of centennial flood increase protecton** **risks in the country** **JUNE 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nThere are over 2.3 million displaced persons\nthroughout South Sudan with conflict and\nnatural disasters being the leading drivers of\ndisplacement. Food insecurity caused by\nprolonged droughts or flooding, along with the\nloss of livestock and livelihoods, intercommunal\nviolence, cattle raids, killings, and land conflicts,\nare among the main causes of displacement.\nCoupled with the arrival of refugees and\nreturnees from Sudan who require additional\nassistance in a country already strained by\nlimited natural resources, inflation, and weak\nrule of law, the protection risks for civilians in\nSouth Sudan are extensive and multilayered.\nWomen, children, the elderly, and persons with\ndisabilities are particularly affected by\nunaddressed human rights violations and impunity, often forcing them into negative coping mechanisms.\n\n\nThe five most occurring protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Gender-Based Violence**\n**2.** **Discrimination and stigmatization, denial of resources, opportunities, services and/or humanitarian access**\n**3.** **Unlawful impediments or restrictions to freedom of movement, siege and forced displacement**\n**4.** **Theft, extortion, forced eviction, and destruction of personal property**\n**5.** **Child and Forced Family Separation**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nConsidering the compounded effect of protection risks in South Sudan, it is of utmost importance to:\n\n - Provide humanitarian and development (re)integration support to Returnees from Sudan and Ethiopia across the\ncountry in order to avoid secondary movement and further increase of protection risks.\n\n - The government, as the primary duty bearer, must deliver on its protection obligations towards the people they\ngovern across South Sudan, strengthening national and local systems to prevent, mitigate and respond to violations\nand end impunity.\n\n - Increase efforts between Humanitarian and Development actors, towards inclusive and non-discriminatory systems\nbuilding, sustainable solutions, and long-term development assistance, to meet peoples\u2019 needs, mitigate risks and\nvulnerabilities, and respond effectively to violations.\n\n\n**UPDATE ON PROTECTION RISKS SEVERITY | APRIL \u2013 JUNE 2024**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|MINIMAL|STRESS|SEVERE|EXTREME|CATASTROPHIC|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Awerial, Leer,
Magwi,
Kapoeta
South,
Terekeka,
Kapoeta
North|Ikotos, Torit, Kapoeta
East, Pariang,
Abiemnhom, Aweil
West, Guit,
Mayendit, Budi,
Aweil Centre, Aweil
South, Rubkona|Juba, Aweil East, Aweil North,
Lafon, Baliet, Abyei Region, Koch,
Jur River, Mvolo, Maridi,
Canal/Pigi, Wulu, Raja, Malakal,
Melut, Maban, Tonj South, Bor
South, Ezo, Nzara, Pochalla,
Manyo, Yei, Gogrial East, Akobo,
Wau|Kajo-keji, Ayod, Nyirol, Renk, Ibba, Cueibet, Tonj
East, Tambura, Duk, Fangak, Pibor, Twic East,
Uror, Ulang, Nagero, Yirol East, Yirol West,
Mayom, Mundri East, Maiwut, Gogrial West,
Mundri West, Lainya, Morobo, Longochuk,
Yambio, Rumbek Centre, Tonj North, Fashoda,
Rumbek East, Twic, Luakpiny/Nasir, Panyijiar|Rumbek North,
Panyikang,
Panyijiar|\n\n\n\n**Compared to the first quarter of 2024, three counties reached the Catastrophic protection risk status while a further**\n**32 counties were assessed as extreme compared to only four in the previous quarter.**\n\n\nPage2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n\n**CIVILIAN**\n**CASUALTIES**\n\n\n\n**SSD COUNTIES**\n**FEATURING HIGH**\n**PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n\n**PROTECTION**\n**CLUSTER PIN FOR**\n\n**2024**\n\n\n\n**IDPs** **RETURNEES FROM**\n\n**SUDAN**\n\n\n## **1,087 77% 5.53M 2.06M 0.56M**\n\nThe ongoing conflicts and attacks on civilians have exacerbated the food crisis caused by drought and/or flooding\nseverely impacting the resilience of agropastoral communities that comprise a large number of the population in South\nSudan. Losses of livestock due to widespread flooding further drive intercommunal hostilities. This is especially the case\nin areas that are heavily socio-economically dependent on cattle herding sparking high-fatality cattle raids and new\nwaves of violence-induced displacement. This violence affects both remote areas and main supply routes and includes\nhuman rights violations such as maiming, killing, injury, rape, abduction, looting, and destruction of housing and\nproperty.\n\n\n_**\u2018\u2019I saw two people die of**_\n_**hunger. One boy and one old**_\n\n_**woman died en route to**_\n\n_**collect wild fruits\u2019\u2019.**_\n\n\n**A local community member shared to**\n**AFAA protection staff in Panyijiar county of**\n\n\n\n_The overall situation in Panyijiar is extremely grave due to flood and conflict-induced_\n\n_lack of livelihood. Famine is rampant and communities depend on the collection of_\n\n_water lilies and other plants for survival. In turn people resort to negative coping_\n\n_mechanisms including family separations, sexual violence, and child recruitment._\n\n\n\n**Upper Nile State.**\n\n\n\nThe protection environment is characterized by obstacles to access for humanitarian workers and people in need of\nassistance, limited and unequal service provision, weak or absent protection systems, low awareness of basic rights, and\ndiscriminatory and harmful socio-cultural norms related to gender. Additionally, discriminatory practices exclude\nminority clans and marginalized groups, such as persons with disabilities, and disproportionately impact women,\nchildren, and older persons.\n\n\nThe escalating conflict in Sudan continues to pose substantial challenges for the protection of vulnerable populations in\nneighboring South Sudan. As the crisis deepens, the need for effective and comprehensive protection strategies\nbecomes increasingly urgent. Displaced individuals, particularly women and children, face heightened risks of violence,\nexploitation, and abuse, further exacerbating the already fragile humanitarian situation. The protection risk implications\nof the Sudan conflict on the South Sudan humanitarian response are multifaceted and deeply concerning. As the conflict\ndrives a growing number of refugees and returnees into South Sudan, the demand for protection services increases\nexponentially. Displaced populations, particularly women, children, and marginalized groups, are at heightened risk of\nviolence, exploitation, and abuse. Human trafficking, forced labor, and recruitment into armed groups are among the\nmany protection challenges that arise from this crisis.\n\n\nPage3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_The Protection Cluster\u2019s Protection Monitoring (PROMO) Working Group used the protection risk severity assessment_\n_[based on the Protection Analytical Framework (PAF), through a structured analytical process. The identified risks were](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/field-support/Protection-Analytical-Framework)_\n_contextualized using a weighted framework that considers the scope of work of humanitarian actors. Based on this, the_\n_top five most acute risks in the country were classified, shown from right to left in the above graph._\n\n\nDuring the Protection Risk Assessment conducted in the second quarter of 2024 in South Sudan [1], six counties were\nidentified as having minimal protection risk, 12 counties were under protection stress, and 27 counties were\nexperiencing severe protection risks. Alarmingly, **31 counties** (over 40% of South Sudan) were found to be in a state of\n**extreme protection risk**, while three additional counties were assessed as **overall catastrophic** .\n\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) is critical in South Sudan, with women and children at high risk of sexual violence, harassment,\nand domestic violence. [2] WHO (2018) reports that 34% of women aged 15-64 have experienced physical violence and 13.5%\nsexual violence in their lifetime. [3] UNICEF (2019) found that 65% of women and girls experienced physical and/or sexual\nviolence, and 51% suffered intimate partner violence, often starting before age 18. [4] Alarmingly, GBV prevalence has\npersisted and is nearing epidemic proportions. [ 5] [6] .\n\n\n1 The Protection Cluster in South Sudan quarterly organizes sub-national workshops with state-level cluster coordination mechanisms to assess the\nseverity of the [15 globally recognized Protection Risks at the county level.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/index.php/protection-issues)\n\n\n2 IRC 06/03/2024\n3 UNFPA 24/03/2023\n4 SSWEN 12/10/2021\n5 UNFPA 24/03/2023\n6 UNICEF 12/2019\n\n\nPage4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nSpecific regions, like Unity State, reported higher incidents of GBV, with 77% involving rape or gang rape, and 23% other\nforms of violence such as unlawful killing, flogging, beating, sexual molestation, and forced nudity in 2021. [7] From January\nto May 2024, 43% of PMS respondents reported GBV in their communities. [ 8] In Yei County, 45% of surveyed households\nfaced threats against women and girls, including rape (32%), sexual assault (26%), physical assault (23%), forced marriages\n(20%), and domestic violence (17%). [9] The widespread issue is also echoed in PMS data where GBV is a top reason for seeking\njustice.\n\n\nGBV in South Sudan is driven by economic hardships, cultural norms, and systemic issues which can force negative coping\nmechanisms, while food insecurity, conflict, flooding, and limited livelihood opportunities contribute to violence against\nwomen. Cultural beliefs that women should tolerate violence for family unity perpetuate harmful practices, with men often\nfeeling justified in beating their wives. [10] [11]\n\n\nPatriarchal attitudes increase risks for girls, especially during conflicts and displacement as cultural norms view girls as\nfinancial assets due to high bride prices, and they are often considered the responsibility of the extended family. This\nreinforces gender inequality and limits women's rights to housing, land property and family planning. Conflicts exacerbate\nsexual assault and rape by breaking down community protection structures [12] showing intimate partner violence (IPV),\nincluding emotional and physical abuse and resource denial, is prevalent, constituting over 50% of reported cases. Men\noften resort to violence due to alcohol intoxication, women leaving without informing them and burning food.\n\n\nConflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV) in South Sudan is rooted in historical and pervasive gender inequality and\ndiscrimination against women, within a patriarchal and militarized society where women and girls are subordinate to men\nand boys. The persistence of CRSV is partly due to the impunity enjoyed by perpetrators profoundly impacting victims, their\nfamilies, and communities. [13] For example, Healthcare workers, especially those involved in family planning, face attacks and\nthreats, particularly in conflict zones like Unity State, where health facilities have been ransacked. GBV survivors suffer\npsychological trauma, physical injuries, social stigma, and sexually transmitted diseases. The violence leads to school\ndropouts and limited access to education for girls, further entrenching gender inequality. In extreme cases, GBV results in\ndisappearances, killings, or suicides. The lack of a robust justice system and weak rule of law prevent the effective prevention\nand prosecution of GBV cases. [14] [15]\n\n\nReporting GBV incidents can lead to life-threatening retaliation, silencing victims and allowing perpetrators to act with\nimpunity. PMS data from January to May 2024 shows fear of stigma as the top barrier to reporting, while the majority of\nGBV victims are women and girls, underreporting is particularly severe for men and boys. [16] [17] . Despite the existence of two\nGBV courts in Juba, inefficiencies due to inadequate judicial infrastructure, capacity, and follow-up mechanisms hinder their\neffectiveness. The number of GBV cases has doubled since the courts were established in 2020, despite the stigma around\nreporting. [18] PMS data indicates that families often resort to alternative coping mechanisms, such as compensation paid to\nfamilies or marriage to the perpetrator. [19]\n\n\n7 IRC 06/03/2024\n8 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n9 AVSI 09/02/2023\n10 Ibid\n11 Development Initiatives 01/02/2023\n12 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n13 Amnesty International 18/05/2022\n14 Amnesty International 18/05/2022\n15 CSRF 30/08/2023\n16 Amnesty International 18/05/2022\n17 CSRF 30/08/2023\n18 The City Review, 24/11/2022\n19 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n\n\nPage5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMS respondents", - "confidence": 0.5470151901245117, - "start": 68, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7952779531478882, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9141642451286316, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMS data", - "confidence": 0.9983919262886047, - "start": 539, - "end": 541 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9797159433364868, - "start": 545, - "end": 546 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "January to May 2024", - "confidence": 0.6436353921890259, - "start": 542, - "end": 546 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "GBV victims", - "confidence": 0.8030001521110535, - "start": 561, - "end": 563 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMS data", - "confidence": 0.9861236810684204, - "start": 634, - "end": 636 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6094746589660645, - "start": 667, - "end": 668 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.9629549980163574, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GPC PMS dashboard", - "confidence": 0.9924769997596741, - "start": 754, - "end": 757 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7968007326126099, - "start": 763, - "end": 764 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nThe risk of theft, extortion, forced eviction, and the destruction of personal property in South Sudan is driven by a complex\ninterplay of social, economic, and political factors. According to protection monitoring data, refugees and returnees\nfrequently experience theft and harassment from host community members, particularly during evening hours [20] . PMS data\nfrom January to April 2024, indicates theft or extortion was the fourth most cited reason for seeking justice. Similarly,\ncommunity consultations around refugee camps such as Ajuong Thok, Pamir, and Makpandu have identified increased\ntensions and theft among refugees, especially those receiving higher rations, as well as between refugees and host\ncommunities, where theft of animals and produce is common [21] .\n\n\nA perceived imbalance between displaced and host communities often leads to theft from refugees and returnees,\nexacerbated by natural disasters that contribute to continuous movement and loss of access to land. Theft of property\nespecially in the urban centres is on the rise due to the economic situation where the cost of living is high and people resort\nto stealing other people's property to enable them to survive. The high number of stolen boda bodas (motorcycle taxis\ncommonly found in East Africa) in Juba as well as rampant mugging early in the morning and at night. Extortion by people\nin authority and power is equally on the rise as most people are not able to pay their various fees on property, especially\non time. Displaced individuals settling on non-owned land face evictions, and government planning for specific locations\ncan result in forced displacement.\n\n\nLand grabbing is of particular concern, closely linked to the lack of tenure. Secondary occupation, associated with illegal\noccupation, has led to numerous disputes over housing, land, and property ownership. Limited access to land, inadequate\nhousing, and forced evictions further exacerbate these issues. Inequitable land tenure arrangements contribute to land\ninequality and unfair distribution in both rural and urban areas, adversely affecting the rights of displaced populations,\ntheir living conditions, social inclusion, and access to opportunities.\n\n\nForced evictions Juba County have resulted in increased insecurity, with landowners being accused of supporting rebel\ngroups when they defend their rights [22] . This environment of instability and violence undermines social cohesion and\ncommunity resilience, leaving many without access to their property or means of livelihood. The difficulty in responding\nsometimes lies in the fact that all communities are both actors in and victims of these abductions. Women particularly face\nissues accessing land rights, while they can purchase land, they face inheritance issues and can be forcefully evicted if male\nrelatives contest land ownership.\n\n\nCattle raiding, rooted in rites of passage, cycles of revenge, and wealth acquisition, is becoming a protracted issue due to\nscarce resources and the availability of arms, making it increasingly politicized. Corruption, impunity, lack of access to justice,\neconomic downturn, and unemployment are common drivers of these threats, creating pockets of insecurity, such as in Yei,\nwhich lead to eviction and forced displacement. Continuous evictions contribute to secondary displacement and increase\nthe number of street children and beggars. The capacity to address and mitigate these threats is limited, but there are\nefforts within the community to manage the situation. Community-based initiatives, such as the training of Community\nWatch Groups in Malakal PoC, are steps towards improving security but remain insufficient. [23]\n\n\nThe raids in Jonglei State and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area have resulted in significant casualties and continuous\nthreats to civilian protection [24] . Revenge killings fueled by cattle raiding, particularly in Lakes State and its neighboring\nregions, such as Unity and Warrap, were identified as a major source of conflict. In Duk County, a cattle raid in January 2024\n\n\n20 Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF, WFP 11/08/2023\n21 WFP UNHCR 27/12/2023\n22 Radio Tamazuj, 16/11/2023\n23 Internews 06/03/2024\n24 UNMISS 16/03/2023\n\n\nPage6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nleft at least 10 people dead and more than 20 wounded, with attackers stealing over 7,000 cattle [25] . Such raids exacerbate\nethnic and sectarian conflicts, leading to further displacement and impoverishment of communities. [26] [27]\n\n\nOne proactive measure by the community involves cattle keepers responsible for protecting the livestock of the Dinka tribe.\nDue to the unstable security and political landscape, these groups have taken up arms and continue to conduct cattle raids\nthroughout Warrap State. [28] The administration of Warrap State has responded by prohibiting any sale or purchase of\nlivestock unless a permit is issued by government agencies, specifying the owner, area of origin, and other relevant\ninformation, but enforcement challenges persist. [29] [30] Government measures, like requiring permits for livestock transactions\nin Warrap State to curb cattle raiding, indicate attempts by the government to also to tackle the issue, but enforcement\nchallenges persist. [31]\n\n\nDuring the reporting period (January to May 2024), **45% of KIs interviewed noted a lack of access to humanitarian**\n**assistance** . The two primary reasons are, corruption/bribery, lack of awareness of availability of services and lack of\nregistration card/food distribution card to access services. [32] For internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees, refugees,\nand host communities, tribalism and corruption can also lead to discrimination and create challenges to accessing\nhumanitarian aid and basic services.\n\n\nPeople are denied resources due to reasons such as lack of legal documentation. These documents include birth certificates,\nnationality certificates, and passports are only printed in Juba thus the people who cannot travel to Juba can process them\nthrough the state Directorate of Civil Registry Nationality Passport and Immigration and this can take up to 6 months or\nmore to attain any of these documents, as the directorate faces shortages in the material needed to produce these\ndocuments. Thus, it is difficult for most to access essential services and eventually are discriminated and denied resources.\n\n\nTribalism can exacerbate access challenges by influencing the distribution of humanitarian assistance, as certain groups can\nbe prioritized over others if biased tribal leaders are involved in the process [33] . Overall, national elites often amplify tribal\nsentiments for personal gain, resulting in biased resource distribution that favors their tribal affiliations. [34] This lack of\ngovernance and oversight allows local leaders to discriminate and abuse power, hindering equitable access to humanitarian\naid and perpetuating community divisions, thereby making it harder for vulnerable populations like IDPs and returnees to\nreceive needed assistance. The consequences of these threats are far-reaching as both IDPs and refugees face\nintercommunal conflict over resources due to tribalism and favoritism increasing the risk of statelessness which leaves\nindividuals without legal protection or access to basic rights and services.\n\n\nData from Malakal PoC highlights further challenges particularly for elderly people, separated from their families, missed\nout on provisions and expressed concerns about damaged benches at distribution sites. Isolated cases of missing names in\nthe biometric system impacted access to food distributions, leading to requests for faster cross-checking. Additionally, some\nreturnees missed services due to non-compliance with registration procedures or attempts to double register in Malakal\ntown camps and the PoC [35] . People with disabilities face additional barriers, such as a lack of sex and age-disaggregated data,\nstigma, and non-inclusive programming, which exclude them from accessing essential services. [36] According to PMS data\n\n\n25 VOA, 05/01/2024\n26 The City Review 12/08/2023\n27 Geneva call 21/12/2023\n28 Geneva call 21/12/2023\n29 The City Review 12/08/2023\n30 Geneva call 21/12/2023\n31 Geneva call 21/12/2023\n32 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n33 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n34 FES 19/04/2024\n35 Internews 06/03/2024\n36 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n\n\nPage7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n(January to May 2024), people with disabilities are among the groups most impacted by the lack of access to humanitarian\nassistance. [37]\n\n\nThe risk of statelessness also arises when documentation is lost and can only be reissued based on appearance, further\nmarginalizing individuals. Obtaining nationality documents is a challenging process where individuals must produce an age\nassessment or birth certificate, a blood test, and four photographs [38] where a national identity card is USD 25 while\nreclaiming a lost nationality certificate costs around USD 50. [39] (According to CCCM in SSD, unskilled daily labor rates in April\namounted to approximately 2$ which leaves many in a position of unattainability in regards to civil documentation). These\nhigh fees, combined with long travel distances and corruption\u2014often in the form of demands for bribes\u2014create significant\naccess constraints, especially those with mobility issues, and limited financial means. Additionally, applicants must find a\ncredible witness who can attest to their origin. These witnesses can be community leaders, traditional authorities, church\nleaders, Payam/Boma officials, or sub-chiefs for their tribe [40] . This issue primarily affects returnees, and with no official\nstatistics on their numbers, it is difficult to estimate the extent of the problem as overall there are no national procedures\nin place to facilitate the provision of identity documents for returnees [41] .\n\n\nDuring the reporting period (January to May 2024), **36% of KIs noted a lack of access to justice challenging their community** .\nThe lack of courts in areas where KIs live is also noted as an obstacle to accessing justice. [42] This has led to an overwhelming\nbacklog of cases, prolonged detention, and prison overcrowding with Juba National Prison being overcrowded at 476% over\ncapacity [43] . Some initiatives such as mobile courts have worked to address some of these challenges by bringing justice to\nlocations lacking access to formal legal systems but the challenges persist. According to the PMS data for April and May,\nthe vast majority of KIs noted **customary law as the most preferred justice mechanism** . With an estimated 80% [44] to 90% [45]\nusing traditional courts headed by local chiefs that are easily accessible and less bureaucratic compared to official routes\nthey are also conducted in open air, allowing the community to listen to the arguments and the rulings. [46] .\n\n\nCyclical natural disasters, particularly extreme floods, contribute to new displacement and increase the number of conflictrelated returnees from neighboring countries. Political and economic violence by state and non-state actors in areas like Yei\nleads to evictions and forced displacement. According to PMS data (Jan-May 2024), the primary reasons for movement\nrestrictions are fear of death or injury, fear of GBV, checkpoints and/or screening procedures, fear of arrest or detention,\nand lack of identity documents [47] .\n\n\nDisplacement severely impacts social cohesion and stability within communities. The influx of displaced individuals strains\nresources and leads to tensions between host communities and newcomers. In Ayod County, a rapid needs assessment\nrevealed that unequal access to livelihoods was a significant challenge for social cohesion among IDPs, returnees, and host\ncommunities. [48] In June 2023, a conflict in Malakal PoC, a key area for returnees from Sudan, resulted in at least 20 deaths\nand the destruction of hundreds of shelters, forcing many to move to Malakal town for safety. This incident is part of a\nbroader pattern of tensions and clashes in the Malakal corridor, restricting community movement and access to\n\n\n37 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n38 UNHCR, last accessed 05/06/2024\n39 Eye Radio, 29/11/2022\n40 UNHCR, last accessed 05/06/2024\n41 U.S. Department of State, 22/04/2024\n42 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n43 UNDP, 06/03/2024\n44 UNDP, 06/03/2024\n45 IOM, 30/04/2024\n46 FES 19/04/2024\n47 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n48 UNCDR 01/02/2024\n\n\nPage8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nlivelihoods. [49] Many ethnic South Sudanese \"returnees\" from Sudan were born in Sudan and have no kinship connections in\nhost communities, leaving them displaced without a social network or capacity to deal with this displacement.\n\n\nIndividuals on the move encounter numerous checkpoints where they risk extortion by officials, including state actors and\nNon-State Armed Groups (NSAGs). These checkpoints have increased with the rise in returnees, particularly on key highways\nfor trade and humanitarian efforts, exposing people to extortion and looting. Economic downturns, inflation, corruption,\nand revenue diversion (e.g., oil revenue) has led to unpaid civil servants and officials, increasing extortion, theft, and looting\nof humanitarian aid. Armed groups, soldiers, and armed community youth restrict movement by extorting money on roads,\nsuch as from Juba to Yei, Juba to Nimule, and Juba-Bor routes. [50] Checkpoints and roadblocks, often illegal, have become a\nmajor source of movement restrictions, with reports indicating the number of checkpoints has nearly doubled since 2011,\nand checkpoint taxes have increased by 300%. [51]\n\n\nRefusal or inability to pay bribes at checkpoints often leads to unlawful arrest and detention, which can then result in severe\npunishments such as torture, violence, and sexual exploitation, particularly affecting the youth. Armed men extort money\nfrom drivers and abuse people, especially women, at these illegal roadblocks. Financial gain is the primary incentive behind\nthese checkpoints. [52] With the worsening economic situation and unpaid civil servants and soldiers, roadblocks are likely to\ncontinue proliferating despite government efforts to crack down on them. [53] [54] This restriction can prevent individuals from\nworking in certain locations if they are not from the local community, leading to unemployment and a lack of basic services.\n\n\nGovernment capacities show both strengths and weaknesses. Various institutions, including police forces, address security,\nand legal frameworks like the land act, are in place. The government has emergency preparedness plans for flooding and\nDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR) task forces. State-level coordination mechanisms for sharing security incidents exist, and\npeace agreements between state and NSAGs have been signed. However, the implementation of these frameworks and\nagreements is often lacking. The peace agreement with armed groups is not fully operational, and there are no effective\nStandard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for checkpoints. Unpaid soldiers lead to corruption and high unemployment among\nofficials. Government registration processes for documents like passports and national IDs are centralized and prohibitively\nexpensive, making them inaccessible to many. Data collection and information sharing are barely functional, and\ndisarmament efforts do not adequately reintegrate former combatants into communities. Police patrols are limited, and\nunder-resourced, and unofficial taxation contributes to corruption.\n\n\nAs of the end of 2023, the Child Protection Information Management System (CPIMS+) recorded nearly 20,000\nunaccompanied, separated, or missing children in South Sudan over the past nine years due to conflicts within the country\nand from neighboring Sudan. [ 55] This data highlights a broader issue of family separation nationwide, affecting children and\nother family members due to conflict, natural disasters, and cultural factors.\n\n\nRefugees and returnees from Sudan also face significant family separation during their journey, including vulnerable groups\nlike women, the elderly, and people with disabilities finding themselves without family or community support in transit\nsettlements. [56] Protection monitoring data from April and May 2024 indicate that 50% of key informants reported instances\nof family separation.\n\n\n[49 REACH 25/09/2023 (https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/emergency-situation-overview-sudan-south-sudan-cross-border-displacement-](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/emergency-situation-overview-sudan-south-sudan-cross-border-displacement-june-2023-malakal-county-upper-nile-state-south-sudan)\n[june-2023-malakal-county-upper-nile-state-south-sudan)](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/emergency-situation-overview-sudan-south-sudan-cross-border-displacement-june-2023-malakal-county-upper-nile-state-south-sudan)\n50 FES, 04/2024\n51 Global Bar, 15/12/2021\n52 IPIS Research, 10/12/2021\n53 Eye Radio, 05/03/2024\n54 Radio Tamazuj, 16/04/2024\n55 Save the Children 18/10/2023\n56 GPC 29/03/2024\n\n\nPage9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Child Protection Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9981024861335754, - "start": 532, - "end": 537 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.5356001257896423, - "start": 536, - "end": 537 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "CPIMS+", - "confidence": 0.9989293217658997, - "start": 538, - "end": 540 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9930121302604675, - "start": 554, - "end": 556 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.99856036901474, - "start": 529, - "end": 530 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9955073595046997, - "start": 644, - "end": 647 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6045220494270325, - "start": 607, - "end": 608 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7629706859588623, - "start": 651, - "end": 652 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9233242869377136, - "start": 651, - "end": 652 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees and returnees", - "confidence": 0.7562764883041382, - "start": 603, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nAccording to data from January to May, security and safety concerns were the primary contributors to family separation,\nfollowed by access to education and internal family disagreements. [57] Family separation is largely attributed to the ongoing\nconflict, [58] particularly in Greater Jonglei and along the South Sudan-Sudan border. [59]\n\n\nFamily members, such as people with disabilities or the elderly, are sometimes left behind during displacement, facing\nneglect and exploitation as well as with child separation which can lead to trafficking, child labor, early marriage, school\ndropouts, and recruitment, affecting host communities, IDPs, and returnees [ 60.]\n\n\nIn some cases, separation is seen as a coping mechanism during emergencies, such as displacement or food insecurity.\nFamilies may leave children with other caregivers or behind due to severe economic condition. [ 61] UNICEF data shows that\nchild protection actors report family separation as tightly linked to food insecurity [62] . Severe economic conditions can force\nfamilies to leave children behind or make them unable to care for them [63] .\n\n\nChild abduction, practiced by groups including non-state armed groups, is prevalent in some communities, particularly in\nJonglei [64], where children are taken to assist in household chores, cattle raising, intercommunal fighting or for future\nmarriage purposes. Youths who seek to get married may resort to abduction of children when they cannot pay the bride\nprice. Incidents of raiding other communities to abduct the children and sell them are often a practice among those\ncommunities. [65] Children in harmful environments, often due to separation, experience psychological distress affecting their\ndevelopment and well-being. Inadequate law enforcement, social and health services, and traditional norms exacerbate\nthese issues. Additionally, South Sudan's weak civil registry system hampers efforts to trace family links and reunify\nseparated families. [ 66]\n\n\nGender inequality contributes to family separation when women lack ownership on housing land and property rights,\nespecially after the death of a husband or male family member. This has led to most women and girls being forced to seek\nother places of residence especially if the relatives of the deceased husband are keen on inheriting the property for\nthemselves. Forced marriage or domestic violence threats can drive girls to run away. [67] Early marriages exploit girls\nseparated from their biological parents and living with host communities. [ 68] Women facing family separation, particularly\nfrom husbands, may lose income, face increased sexual exploitation risks, and resort to negative coping mechanisms. They\nhave fewer livelihood opportunities than men and struggle to access financial resources for essentials, heightening their\nvulnerability to economic shocks. [ 69] Discriminatory norms in South Sudan prevent women from accessing land rights,\naffecting widows and separated or divorced women who often lack necessary documentation. [ 70]\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nFrom January to May 2024, members of the Protection Cluster and AoRs provided protection services to 505K individuals\nreaching 22% of its target for 2024. More information is available on the visit **[SSD Protection Cluster 5W for 2024](https://url6.mailanyone.net/scanner?m=1sN6C5-000B6l-6E&d=4%7Cmail%2F90%2F1719559800%2F1sN6C5-000B6l-6E%7Cin6d%7C57e1b682%7C28201117%7C13659367%7C667E688DBFE0A1A0449065E2C87A8531&o=%2Fphtp%3A%2Fatsbop..eripww%2Fcorie%3FmvoJ%3DeNIjiyrNOGMAg5T5D0ktYNYy0TzMLzMMg0W0TJFtNNMWmGmIOjcwJji2DUIidYIm1C6LOzMYgxT3TEQ2NNNDzjtLYC0YBjT4TFN1NOMmmDkIZDBMIsmiS9hjOi&s=Yz4RrjqM8RtmiVOuLKlNuugzWT4)**\n\n\n57 GPC PMS dashboard last accessed 15/06/2024\n58 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n59 PC, UNHCR 12/02/2024\n60 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n61 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n62 UNICEF 31/08/2023\n63 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n64 UN Peacekeeping 23/01/2023\n65 Le Monde 13/04/2023\n66 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n67 Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May 2024\n68 OHCHR 21/03/2022\n69 OHCHR 21/03/2022\n70 UNHCR 06/08/2023\n\n\nPage10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nBetween January and 31 May 2024 the activities of the Mine Action AoR contributed to preventing injury and loss of life\nfrom explosive ordnance and enabled communities\u2019 safe access to 298 agricultural areas, 19 hospitals, 6 schools and 70\nwater sources. Through these activities including assessments and surveys in collaboration with the communities, the\nresponses resulted in a total of over 3,300 pieces of explosive ordnance disposed of and over 6 million square meters of land\nreleased during the period. To date, over 12,000 refugees have settled on the land. Similarly, in May UNMAS completed a\nclearance task in collaboration with IOM, releasing land in Hai Masna and Khor Malang, WBEG, for an IDP reintegration site\nthat is expected to receive over 1,500 households.\n\n\nUNMAS works closely with other humanitarian partners, in a joint effort to resettle IDPs and Refugees supporting the\nestablishment of transit and resettlement sites for displaced populations. During the reporting period, UNMAS assessed and\ncleared land near Aweil, WBEG, in support of UNHCR.\n\n\nMine Action AoR members also provided Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) to civilians across the country to\nenhance their knowledge of safe behavior and thereby prevent accidents caused by explosive ordnance, benefiting almost\n200,000 beneficiaries in total (approx. 32,000 men, 38,000 women, 70,000 boys and 60,000 girls).\n\n\nThe Ministry of Land, Housing, and Urban Development, in collaboration with IGAD and humanitarian agencies, has been\nactively engaging Transitional National Legislative Assembly parliamentarians in in-depth knowledge-sharing workshops on\nthe technical aspects of the draft National Land Policy. This effort has included five sessions between December 2023 and\nJuly 2024. The bill is scheduled to be tabled in parliament for deliberation in August. If the draft National Land policy is\npassed and fully implemented, it will pave way for the formulation of other laws such as Land Registration Act, Land survey\nAct, Succession act among others and amendment of the Land act (2009) that would then help in reducing the HLP protection\nrisks.\n\n\nThe HLP AoR conducted an analysis of HLP issues based on existing evidence and resources applying technical guidelines and\nguidance on tenure security for HLP actors in South Sudan. The HLP AoR developed its strategy and advocacy on a\ncomprehensive, system-wide and multi-sector effort to respond to HLP needs, violations and related protection risks facing\naffected populations as well as prevent and stop recurrences of HLP violations.\n\n\nThe key role Women Led and Women Rights Organisations (WLO/WRO) play, is changing the mindset of the local community\non the role of women in coordination and leadership. Promoting and strengthening the capacities of WLO/WRO who are\noften frontline responders to GBV, increased during the reporting period the response capacitiy in hard to reach areas and\nsupported the localization agenda.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\nArmed actors continue to perpetrate violence against humanitarian personnel. Bureaucratic access impediments included\nincidents of illegal taxation, interference in staff recruitment procedures, cumbersome processes, and changing of\nregulations. **For four consecutive months, Upper Nile State experienced the highest number of incidents reported**\n**followed by Unity State, and Jonglei State, while humanitarian access incidents increased by 42%.**\n\n\nThe recent floods added another layer of difficulty accessing humanitarian assistance, as the displaced communities sought\nsafe haven in hard-to-reach areas, resulting in the delay of humanitarian material and service provision.\n\n\nIn addition, **over 90% of the population in South Sudan do not have access to legal documentation.** This is because,\nalthough the Directorate of Civil Registry, Nationality, Passport, and Immigration has offices in all states and administrative\nareas, the production of Nationality Certificates and Passports is centralized in Juba. This has limited and restricted the right\nto movement of most people and hindered access to essential services. The Protection Cluster is an active member of the\nAccess Working Group in South Sudan, reporting relevant incidents and advocating with the respective humanitarian\ncounterparts on lifting any impediments for protection actors as well as access to protection services.\n\n\n**CRITICAL GAPS IN FUNDING AND POPULATION REACHED**\n\n\nPage11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\nAs part of the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP), the Protection Cluster in South Sudan identified 5.5\nM people in need (PIN), and aimed to target 2.2 million people. From January to June 2024 protection cluster partners\nin South Sudan, including assistance provided within the context of the Sudan Crisis response, reached 801.670 people\nin need with community-based, life-saving, individual, and some outreach protection services. At the same time, cluster\nmembers delivered 523 various awareness-raising activities, strengthened, or developed 224 structures such as referral\npathways and dispute resolution mechanisms, and trained 200 staff.\n\n\n- **Child Protection** partners reached 0.17M out of 0.33M targeted people\n\n- **Gender-based Violence** partners reached 0.1M out of 0.5M targeted people\n\n- **Housing, Land, and Property** reached 1.6K out of 200K targeted people\n\n- **Mine Action** reached 15K out of 500K targeted people (HNRP only, 88K reached outside HNRP).\n\n- **Protection** partners 0.36M out of 0.6M targeted people.\n\nFinancial requirements for 2024 to assist the targeted population amount to around USD 121.9 M. With less than a third\nso far available, the overall implementation of the Protection Cluster and its AoRs activities are seriously challenged,\nwith HLP facing the most critical deprioritization.\n\n\nDuring the period covered by this analysis, urgent action is required to reduce people\u2019s exposure to the\nidentified protection risks and their reliance on negative coping strategies.\n\n### **RISK 1 Gender-Based Violence**\n\n\n**DEVELOPMENT ACTORS, PEACE ACTORS AND GOVERNMENT**\n\n- Long-term engagement by the Ministry of Gender and social services to promote women and provide economic\nempowerment opportunities in areas with high GBV rates, such as Unity State and Yei County in Central Equatoria\nState. This will reduce threats caused by financial hardships, which are the main driver of GBV and lead to negative\ncoping mechanisms, especially in urban areas.\n\n- The criminal justice system and the judiciary should actively engage in criminalizing sexual violence, such as conflictrelated sexual violence (CRSV) and rape, to increase survivors' capacity to report and access justice, hold\nperpetrators accountable, and alleviate impunity.\n\n- In rural areas, the government should ensure strong collaboration between the formal and informal justice systems\nto enhance the quality of remedies rendered to justice seekers. This will also break the bias that customary courts\nmay have towards women while trying to uphold the traditional norms of their lands.\n\n- Humanitarian actors should ensure that depersonalized data regarding conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is\nshared with the Protection Cluster to provide accurate information, enabling other actors to understand the scale\nof the situation and take appropriate action.\n\n- Systems need to be more flexible and time sensitive regarding the allocation of funds, particularly in emergency\nsituations triggered by the ever-changing context of South Sudan, which has multiple drivers.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n- Protection partners should ensure quality programming for GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response services\nto be executed in a timely manner. Additionally, they must ensure strong collaboration with local actors who are\nfrontline responders within each community.\nAdvocate with the government to promote gender equality and address power imbalances, which are among the\nmain drivers of GBV in South Sudan.\n\n### **RISK 2 Theft, Extortion, Forced Eviction, and Destruction of Personal Property**\n\n\nPage12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "depersonalized data regarding conflict-related sexual violence", - "confidence": 0.9220908284187317, - "start": 502, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CRSV", - "confidence": 0.8473465442657471, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9370853304862976, - "start": 563, - "end": 565 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n**DEVELOPMENT ACTORS, PEACE ACTORS AND GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- The South Sudan National Legislative Assembly needs to finalize and implement the National Land Policy 2023. This\npolicy reforms the outdated South Sudan Land Act 2009, which does not adequately address the ongoing land\ndisputes among the people of South Sudan.\n\n- The expropriation of land by the government for public use should include compensation for the individuals who\nprimarily own the land.\n\n- In communities where cattle raiding is a cultural norm, peace actors and authorities should engage in dialogues to\nencourage the abandonment of this dangerous tradition.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Mobile and multisectoral teams need to be established to rapidly assess and respond with lifesaving protection\nservices for people experiencing forced internal displacement.\n\n- Community-based mechanisms need to be maintained in areas of friction and to prevent and mitigate potential\nshocks.\n\n\n**DEVELOPMENT ACTORS, PEACE ACTORS AND GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- The Directorate of Civil Registry, Nationality, Passport, and Immigration should enable state-level offices to issue\ncivil documents in a timely and cost-efficient manner.\n\n- A partnership between development actors and authorities to create livelihood and employment opportunities,\nespecially for the most vulnerable, is highly encouraged. This approach helps mitigate the root causes of\ndiscrimination and corruption, particularly for people with special needs and other vulnerable groups such as\nreturnees, GBV survivors, and people with disabilities.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Multi-sector and cost-sharing approaches among partners can improve access to humanitarian services for those\nwho face discrimination and stigma. Humanitarian actors should create wider referral networks for cash protection\nprograms to better use available resources and reach more people.\n\n- Protection needs to continue to be mainstreamed among partners to achieve increased sensitivity towards\nprogramming that includes people ith living with disabilities and the elderly.\n\n\n**DEVELOPMENT ACTORS, PEACE ACTORS AND GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- The government should work towards removing illegal checkpoints that restrict freedom of movement, particularly\nthose on the Juba\u2013Yei, Juba\u2013Nimule, and Juba\u2013Bor roads in Central and Eastern Equatoria.\n\n- To prevent inter-communal violence, revenge killings, and border disputes, peace actors and authorities should\nengage in community dialogues and support the implementation of conflict prevention plans in locations where\nrecurring violence consistently contributes to forced displacement.\n\n- Enhance early warning, mitigation, and response systems for natural disasters, such as flooding, in locations where\nthey are anticipated to be most prevalent.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n- Establish and support community-based protection networks to monitor and report protection risks and incidents,\nincluding those related to movement restrictions, checkpoints, and extortion through protection monitoring\nsystems.\n\n\nPage13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n- Utilize data from protection monitoring to inform humanitarian programming, advocacy efforts and those\ninvolved with humanitarian access negotiations.\n\n### **RISK 5 Child and forced family separation**\n\n\n**DEVELOPMENT ACTORS, PEACE ACTORS AND GOVERNMENT**\n\n\n- Enhance prosecution mechanisms for child abduction perpetrators, particularly in communities where it is\nprevalent, such as Jonglei, where children are at high risk of abduction, trafficking, and slavery-like practices.\n\n- Establish civil registry systems at the rural level to promote timely family tracing and reunification, thereby\nincreasing the community's capacity to mitigate long-term forced family separations.\n\n- Increase support for the establishment of specialized protective housing programs, such as safe houses for GBV\nvictims, homes for vulnerable unsupported elderly people and people with disabilities, as well as housing programs\nfor orphans and other at-risk children.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n- Together with local and state-level authorities, increase the protection footprint with programs for family tracing\nand reunification, child case management, and specific programming aimed at eradicating early marriage and\nsupporting GBV survivors.\"\n\n\n1. [Amnesty International, Conflict-related sexual violence and impunity in South Sudan, 18/05/2022. Here.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr65/5569/2022/en/)\n2. [AVSI, Contextual analysis: Household multisector survey, Yei County (November 2023), 09/02/2024. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/contextual-analysis-household-multisector-survey-yei-county-november-2023)\n3. [Conflict Sensitivity Resource Facility South Sudan, CSRF Meta-Analysis: Gender, 30/08/2023. Here.](https://www.csrf-southsudan.org/repository/csrf-meta-analysis-gender-2/)\n4. [Dabanga, Sudanese refugees face dire hardship in South Sudan camps, 18/02/2024. Here.](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-refugees-face-dire-hardship-in-south-sudan-camps)\n5. [Development Initiatives, Food insecurity in South Sudan: Financing to local actors, 01/02/2023. Here.](https://assets.ctfassets.net/vy3axnuecuwj/4NOemEHEMC8Mz7CasKRBUc/338a9b25b003a222b7f9d5f200f0b946/Food_Sector_Financing_to_Local_Actors_in_South_Sudan.pdf)\n6. [Eye Radio, Govt levies massive increment on passport, nationality ID fees, 29/11/2022. Here.](https://www.eyeradio.org/govt-levies-massive-increment-on-passport-nationality-id-fees/)\n7. [Eye Radio, \u2018Illegal checkpoints making aid delivery difficult, expensive\u2019, says Atak, 28/12/2023. Here.](https://www.eyeradio.org/illegal-checkpoints-making-aid-delivery-difficult-expensive-says-atak/)\n8. [Eye Radio, \u2018President Kiir meets heads of economic institutions over soaring inflation, 05/03/2024. Here.](https://www.eyeradio.org/president-kiir-meets-heads-of-economic-institutions-over-soaring-inflation/)\n9. [FES, Perceiving peace in a fragment state: The case of South Sudan, 04/2024. Here.](https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/suedsudan/21149.pdf)\n10. [FEWS NET, Widespread Emergency (ICP Phase 4) likely at the peak of the lean season. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-food-security-outlook-february-september-2024-widespread-emergency-ipc-phase-4-likely-peak-lean-season)\n11. [IFRC, Africa I MENA - Sudan Crisis: Cross-Regional Population Movement, Operation update #2 (MDRS1001), 19/10/2023. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/africa-i-mena-sudan-crisis-cross-regional-population-movement-operation-update-2-mdrs1001)\n12. [IRC, Case Study: Protection Analysis for Action South Sudan, 06/03/2024. Here.](https://deep-prod-web-addonsstack-1wxq3ye6f4n4b-media.s3.amazonaws.com/media/gallery/Case_Study_SS_GBV_and_CVA_.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXSC5S22PNMKVEA6B%2F20240612%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240612T205637Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b79b8db58d83161befc2f1557888c19abe32ef137a7861a9749ffa006391cd3c)\n13. [IPS Research, Checkpoint economy: the political economy of checkpoints in South Sudan, ten years after independence, 10/12/2021. Here.](https://ipisresearch.be/publication/checkpoint-economy-the-political-economy-of-checkpoints-in-south-sudan-ten-years-after-independence/)\n14. [Internews, Malakal Humanitarian Information Needs: Community Voices Bulletin, February 2024/Issue #8, 06/03/2024. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/malakal-humanitarian-information-needs-community-voices-bulletin-february-2024-issue-8)\n15. [ISS, Can dialogue rescue South Sudan from a perpetual transition, 18/04/2024. Here.](https://issafrica.org/iss-today/can-dialogue-rescue-south-sudan-from-a-perpetual-transition)\n16. Save the Children, South Sudan: Save the Children Reunites 7,000 [th] [Child Separated From Family By Conflict, 18/10/2023. Here.](https://www.savethechildren.net/news/south-sudan-save-children-reunites-7000th-child-separated-family-conflict#:~:text=According%20to%20CPIMS%2B%20database%2C%20nearly,country%20and%20from%20neighbouring%20Sudan.)\n17. [Protection Cluster, UNHCR, South Sudan: Protection Monitoring System \u2013 2023 End of year report, 12/02/2024. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-protection-monitoring-system-2023-end-year-report)\n18. [MMC, Experiences of refugees and migrants fleeing Sudan to Juba as a result of the 2023 conflict, 31/12/2023. Here.](https://mixedmigration.org/resource/refugees-migrants-fleeing-sudan-to-juba/)\n19. [NRC, War in Sudan displace over 500,000 to South Sudan, 29/01/2024. Here.](https://www.nrc.no/news/2024/january/sudan-refugees-to-south-sudan/)\n20. Notes from the Joint Protection Analysis Workshop, 29-30 May.\n21. Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF, WFP, Inter-agency assessment report \u2013 Paloch Transit site, Date: 5 [th] [July 2023,11/08/2023. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/inter-agency-assessment-report-paloch-transit-site-date-5th-july-2023)\n22. [OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (December 2023), 19/01/2024. Here.](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-humanitarian-access-snapshot-december-2023#:~:text=ACCESS%20OVERVIEW,incidents%20reported%20in%20November%202023.)\n23. [OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (August 2023), 03/10/2023. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-humanitarian-access-snapshot-august-2023)\n24. [OCHA, Report on Inter-cluster Assessment in Luri-Rokwe, Juba county (Date of mission: 27th July 2023), 27/07/2023. Here.](https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/south-sudan/report-inter-cluster-assessment-luri-rokwe-juba-county-date-mission-27th-july-2023)\n25. OCHA, Inter-Agency Assessment Report of Vulnerable Returnees from Sudan and Vulnerable IDPs in Rotriak Settlement Rubkona County, Unity\n\n[State (13 May 2023), 06/06/2023. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/inter-agency-assessment-report-vulnerable-returnees-sudan-and-vulnerable-idps-rotriak-settlement-rubkona-county-unity-state-13-may-2023)\n26. [OHCHR, Conflict-related sexual violence against women and girls in South Sudan, 21/03/2022. Here.](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/A_HRC_49_CRP_4.pdf)\n27. OHCHR, UN experts tell Human Rights Council that violence against civilians persist in South Sudan, fuelled by pervasive impunity, 07/03/2023.\n\n[Here.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/un-experts-tell-human-rights-council-violence-against-civilians-persists)\n28. [OHCHR, State of Impunity: the persistence of violence and human rights violations in South Sudan, 03/04/2023. Here.](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session52/A_HRC_52_CRP.3.pdf)\n29. [OHCHR, Human Rights must guide the completion of South Sudan\u2019s transition, 19/02/2024. Here.](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/02/human-rights-must-guide-completion-south-sudans-transition-un-experts)\n30. [Geneva Call, Civilian Protection Upheld in South Sudan Cattle Raids After Armed Groups Apply IHL Training, 21/12/2023. Here.](https://www.genevacall.org/news/civilian-protection-upheld-in-south-sudan-cattle-raids-after-armed-groups-apply-ihl-training/)\n31. [GPC Child Protection, Child Protection in Emergencies Coordination Handbook, 2016. Here.](https://cpaor.net/sites/default/files/2020-04/Child%20Protection%20Coordination%20Handbook_En.pdf)\n32. [GPC, South Sudan Protection Analysis Update, 29/03/2024. Here.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/pau24_protection_analysis_update_february_2024_south_sudan_external_version.pdf)\n33. [GPC, PC SSD Monthly Update - November 2022, 30/11/2022. Here.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/925/communication-materials/newsletter/pc-ssd-monthly-update-november-2022)\n\n\nPage14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.9349765777587891, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9301397800445557, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6070184707641602, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household multisector survey", - "confidence": 0.9704262614250183, - "start": 245, - "end": 248 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6210448741912842, - "start": 247, - "end": 248 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "AVSI", - "confidence": 0.9800378084182739, - "start": 240, - "end": 241 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Yei County", - "confidence": 0.9738698601722717, - "start": 249, - "end": 251 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8317661881446838, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.6733643412590027, - "start": 253, - "end": 254 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-agency assessment report", - "confidence": 0.9674971699714661, - "start": 795, - "end": 798 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8251314163208008, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Paloch Transit site", - "confidence": 0.9475682973861694, - "start": 799, - "end": 802 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5361232161521912, - "start": 766, - "end": 767 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5059560537338257, - "start": 837, - "end": 838 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Access Snapshot", - "confidence": 0.8350200653076172, - "start": 832, - "end": 835 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5121942758560181, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.5452443361282349, - "start": 827, - "end": 828 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.5031536221504211, - "start": 759, - "end": 761 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7265415191650391, - "start": 811, - "end": 812 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5356811285018921, - "start": 811, - "end": 812 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Report on Inter-cluster Assessment", - "confidence": 0.7025254964828491, - "start": 883, - "end": 887 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5387697815895081, - "start": 797, - "end": 798 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.6379562616348267, - "start": 827, - "end": 828 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Luri-Rokwe, Juba county", - "confidence": 0.8503372073173523, - "start": 888, - "end": 892 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7012009620666504, - "start": 811, - "end": 812 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Assessment Report", - "confidence": 0.9332226514816284, - "start": 917, - "end": 920 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.8327250480651855, - "start": 919, - "end": 920 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "OCHA", - "confidence": 0.7291891574859619, - "start": 915, - "end": 916 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Rotriak Settlement Rubkona County", - "confidence": 0.6667323708534241, - "start": 929, - "end": 933 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.988309383392334, - "start": 906, - "end": 907 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Vulnerable Returnees", - "confidence": 0.6112263202667236, - "start": 921, - "end": 923 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**South Sudan** \u01c0 June 2024\n\n\n34. [The City Review, Civil Society rues burden of toothless GBV court, 24/11/2022. Here.](https://cityreviewss.com/civil-society-rues-burden-of-toothless-gbv-court/#google_vignette)\n35. [UNCDR, Initial Rapid Needs Assessment for Ayod County January 2024, 01/02/2024. Here.](https://app.thedeep.io/document-preview/51baffef-c4ed-4d6e-ae52-0a130533a45c/)\n36. [UNICEF, Gender-Based Violence, 12/2019. Here.](https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/media/2071/file/UNICEF-South-Sudan-GBV-Briefing-Note-Aug-2019.pdf)\n37. [UNCIEF, Protecting Children in South Sudan\u2019s Food Security Crisis, 31/08/2023. Here.](https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/media/11081/file/Advocacy%20Note:%20Protecting%20Children%20in%20Food%20Security%20Crisis%20in%20South%20Sudan.pdf)\n38. UNHCR, Culture, context and mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugees and internally displaced persons from South Sudan,\n\n[18/04/2023. Here.](https://www.unhcr.org/my/sites/en-my/files/legacy-pdf/63eba35c7.pdf)\n39. [UNHCR, Protection Brief South Sudan July 2023, 06/08/2023. Here.](https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/102555)\n40. [UNMISS, Communities across flood-beleaguered Unity state continue suffering from climate shocks, 07/08/2023. Here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/communities-across-flood-beleaguered-unity-state-continue-suffering-climate-shocks)\n41. [UNMISS, UNMISS Condemns Killing of Staff Member and Calls for an Urgent Investigation. 05/03/2024. Here.](https://unmiss.unmissions.org/unmiss-condemns-killing-staff-member-and-calls-urgent-investigation)\n42. [UNMISS, Brief on Violence Affecting Civilians, January \u2013 March 2023, 16/03/2023. Here.](https://unmiss.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/230616_q1_2023_brief_on_violence_affecting_civilians.pdf)\n43. [UNFPA, South Sudan ranks second in GBV prevalence rate in East Africa \u2013 a new study indicates, 24/03/2023. Here.](https://southsudan.unfpa.org/en/news/south-sudan-ranks-second-gbv-prevalence-rate-east-africa-%E2%80%93-new-study-indicates#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20study%2C%20substantial,%25)%20violence%20in%20their%20lifetime.)\n44. [UN Peacekeeping, Intercommunal violence in Jonglei-Pibor: UNMISS supports authorities in returning abductees, 23/01/2023. Here.](https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/intercommunal-violence-jonglei-pibor-unmiss-supports-authorities-returning-abductees)\n45. [UN Women, Members of the Security Council\u2019s Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security visit South Sudan, 15/12/2023. Here.](https://africa.unwomen.org/en/stories/news/2023/12/members-of-the-security-councils-informal-expert-group-on-women-peace-and-security-visit-south-sudan)\n46. [Le Monde, South Sudan hit by wave of abductions targeting women and children, 13/04/2023. Here.](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/04/13/south-sudan-hit-by-wave-of-abductions-targeting-women-and-children_6022764_124.html)\n47. [SIPRI, Improving the Prospects for Peace in South Sudan, 30/06/2023. Here.](https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/wfp_south_sudan_measurement.pdf)\n48. [SSWEN, Initial Assessment and Mapping: Reducing Inequality and Gender-Based Violence in South Sudan, 12/10/2021. Here.](https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/south_sudan_womens_empowerment_network_6.12.2021_1_002.pdf)\n49. [IPI Global Observatory, New Avenues for Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict: Addressing Weapons, 09/12/2022. Here.](https://theglobalobservatory.org/2022/12/new-avenues-for-preventing-sexual-violence-in-conflict-addressing-weapons/)\n50. [REACH, South Sudan cross-border displacement: Rapid food security assessment in areas of return \u2013 Malakal County. Here.](https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/reach/7cb87282/SSD2306_Malakal_brief_V3.pdf)\n51. [GPC, South Sudan PMS Dashboard, Here.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/emergencies/106/South%20Sudan)\n52. [Radio Tamazuj, Four injured, over 1500 cattle raided in Kapoeta East County, 16/11/2023. Here.](https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/four-injured-over-1500-cattle-raided-in-kapoeta-east-county)\n53. [WFP UNHCR, Community Consultation report, 27/12/2023. Here.](https://wfp-unhcr-hub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/South_Sudan_community_consultation_report.pdf)\n54. [VOA, 10 Killed in South Sudan\u2019s Jonglei Cattle Raid, 05/01/2024. Here.](https://www.voaafrica.com/a/jonglei-cattle-raid/7428287.html)\n55. [Sage Journals, counting bodies, preventing war: Future conflict and the ethics of fatality numbers, 04/07/2023. Here.](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13691481231183880)\n56. [Saferworld, Conflict, gender-based violence and mental health in Lakes State: Perspectives from South Sudan, 14/04/2023. Here.](https://www.saferworld-global.org/resources/publications/1423-conflict-gender-based-violence-and-mental-health-in-lakes-state-perspectives-from-south-sudan)\n57. [Le Monde, South Sudan hit by wave of abductions targeting women and children, 24/04/2023. Here.](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/04/13/south-sudan-hit-by-wave-of-abductions-targeting-women-and-children_6022764_124.html)\n58. The City Review, Cattle raiding must be stopped through organized security and policy mechanisms, 12/08/2023. Here.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nIn April 2024, the Protection Cluster in South Sudan organized sub-national workshops with state-level cluster\ncoordination mechanisms to assess the severity of 15 Protection Risks at the county level. From March to May 2024,\nwith support from GPC, UNHCR/ECHO, and DRC/DEEP the Protection Cluster and AoRs organized a series of training\non PAF, data triangulation, reporting, protection risk monitoring, and protection analysis. At the end of the cycle, a\ntwo-day workshop was organized by DRC/DEEP experts and PC and AoR staff gathering experts from 30 protection\npartners in the country whereby top protection risks were analyzed through PAF lenses resulting in core inputs for\nthis publication. Additional data and information featuring in this PAU were collected through the country\u2019s\nProtection Monitoring system.\n\n\nPage15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.5677246451377869, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNCDR", - "confidence": 0.9401151537895203, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ayod County", - "confidence": 0.9557985663414001, - "start": 46, - "end": 48 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9377445578575134, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5182009339332581, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb15bb1d-b82d-43b2-8b7d-0514db73a9f4/protection_cluster_south_sudan_-_proteciton_analysis_update_june_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_884/raw/doc_884_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_884/raw/doc_884_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bc307183a3d6868a52fac323b221f06925da99e9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_884/raw/doc_884_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,776 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Self-reported barriers to activities of daily living of persons with disabilities living in IDP sites in northwest Syria\n\n_Lived experiences of persons with sensory, physical, and cognitive difficulties residing in_\n_unfinished buildings, collective centres, makeshift tents and formal camps_\n\n\nBrief report and recommendations\n\n_Inclusion Technical Working Group_\n_Protection Cluster Syria (Turkey hub)_\n_November 2020_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Table of contents**\n\n**Executive summary ....................................................................................................................... 3**\n\n**1.** **Contextual background .......................................................................................................... 5**\n\n**2.** **Brief methodology ................................................................................................................... 5**\n\n**3.** **Survey findings \u2013 lived experiences ...................................................................................... 6**\n\n**3.1 Personal activities of daily living ............................................................................................ 6**\n\n\n3.1.1 Physical barriers to personal activities of daily living: toileting, bathing, sleeping, eating and meal\npreparation ............................................................................................................................................................... 6\n\n\n3.1.2 Attitudinal barriers to personal activities of daily living .................................................................................. 9\n\n**3.2 Community activities of daily living ..................................................................................... 10**\n\n\n3.2.1 Physical, attitudinal and institutional barriers to community activities of daily living: securing food, and\naccessing transport ................................................................................................................................................. 10\n\n\n3.2.2 Barriers to accessing and engagement with humanitarian organisations ..................................................... 12\n\n\n3.2.3 Community based attitudinal barriers to community activities of daily living .............................................. 13\n\n\n**4.** **Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 13**\n\n**5.** **Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 14**\n\n_**Donors - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **........................................................................... 15**\n\n_**All sectors/actors - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **.......................................................... 16**\n\n_**Protection - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **...................................................................... 18**\n\n_**WASH - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **............................................................................. 19**\n\n_**Shelter and NFI - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **.............................................................. 20**\n\n_**CCCM, includes site planning - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **...................................... 21**\n\n_**Health - key recommendations on inclusion**_ **............................................................................. 22**\n\n_**Food security and Nutrition \u2013 key recommendations on inclusion**_ **........................................ 23**\n\n**Annex A. \u2013 Detailed methodology .............................................................................................. 24**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Executive summary**\n\n_**\u2018I don\u2019t demand my rights and don\u2019t interact with organizations, because only the strong**_\n_**get their rights. I am neglected, vulnerable and ignored\u2019**_\n\n\n37 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care difficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\nThe impact of physical, attitudinal, and institutional barriers on access to essential services and participation in essential\n\n\nactivities for persons with disabilities residing in IDP sites are often extreme in northwest Syria.\n\n\nBarriers for persons with disabilities negatively impact mental and physical health and wellbeing, attainment of rights on\n\n\nan equal basis with others, access to services, and individual and household income sufficiency. For children, barriers\n\n\nsignificantly limit their ability to learn and develop along with their peers, with lifelong implications, rarely reversible.\n\n\nThese barriers to accessing services and participation increase risks of adoption of negative and harmful coping\n\n\nstrategies, elevate risks of exploitation and abuse, and increase poverty. Common compounding factors to existing\n\n\nbarriers include income insufficiency, the impacts of displacement on access to assistive devices, and a general\n\n\nenvironmental incompatibility with needs of persons with disabilities.\n\n\nBarriers and their consequences for individuals due to difficulties in functioning are often misunderstood. This report\n\n\naims to describe lived experiences of persons with disabilities in northwest Syria, supporting understanding. It also\n\n\nhighlights needs and key barriers to engagement in personal, domestic and community-based activities of daily living,\n\n\nwhich includes access to and engagement with humanitarian organisations. The analysis of these difficulties forms the\n\n\nbasis of key pragmatic recommendations for humanitarian actors.\n\n\nFindings demonstrate that persons with disabilities experience reduced independence in their daily activities due to:\n\n\n - physical barriers such as - for example - inaccessible WASH facilities,\n\n - attitudinal barriers, such as bullying and threats of abuse and exploitation in their local communities as well as\n\n\ndiscrimination from humanitarian staff, and\n\n - institutional barriers, such as the lack of inclusion mechanisms in humanitarian programming which would\n\n\nenable persons with disabilities to participate on an equal basis with others, such as provision of reasonable\n\n\naccommodation (individualised supports).\n\n\nThemes extracted from the data demonstrate that this group of respondents felt disempowered, made to feel lesser\n\n\nthan others and therefore somewhat invisible in their communities. Findings also suggest that \u2018disempowered\u2019 and\n\n\n\u2018lesser than others\u2019 is, for the most part, also how community members perceive persons with disabilities. The power\n\n\nand impact of attitudes in the community, which includes those of humanitarian staff, cannot be overlooked, as almost\n\n\nall barriers are to a degree a result of intentional or unintentional discrimination.\n\n\nThe methodology to collect information in this study was qualitative and therefore, the results are not representative of\n\n\nthe wider population with disabilities. However, key themes were prominent in the data and therefore quantified, only\n\n\nfor the ease of the reader. Key findings are as below:\n\n\n - 56 percent of respondents reported that due to the lack of available \u2018European style\u2019 toilets, they could not use\n\n\ntoileting facilities at all\n\n - 53 percent of respondents reported needing additional hygiene supplies\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9507579803466797, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9261916875839233, - "start": 238, - "end": 239 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9915939569473267, - "start": 249, - "end": 251 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9950736165046692, - "start": 218, - "end": 221 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.7418605089187622, - "start": 400, - "end": 401 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9416801333427429, - "start": 304, - "end": 307 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.943725049495697, - "start": 497, - "end": 498 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - 70 percent of respondents reported the need for an assistive device to improve their functioning in at least one\n\n\nof their daily activities\n\n - 34 percent of respondents reported that they required personal assistance to mitigate barriers and access their\n\n\nlocal environment, while in the in the absence of another person to assist them they are commonly unable to\n\n\nleave their residence at all\n\n - 41 percent of respondents reported incidents where they had experienced intentional or unintentional\n\n\nexploitation (usually due to a lack of consent procedures to film or to be photographed) and/or discrimination\n\n\ndue to their disability when engaged with humanitarian organisations\n\n - 45 percent of respondents reported that they were unaware of any complaints and feedback mechanisms\n\n\navailable to humanitarian service users.\n\n\nAs a result of these findings and based on the most urgent needs reported by respondents of the study, the Inclusion\n\n\nTechnical Working Group of the Syria Protection Cluster (Turkey hub), in line with the IASC Guidelines on Inclusion of\n\n\nPersons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action 2019, has developed key recommendations and actions in the form of\n\n\na practical checklist which all humanitarian partners, including donors, should consider immediately. Additional\n\n\nchecklists, specific to the sectors of Protection, WASH, S/NFI, CCCM (including site planning), Health, Food Security\n\n\nand Nutrition are also included.\n\n\nThese checklists build on, contextualize and operationalize the four \u2018must do actions\u2019 detailed in the IASC guidelines [1] :\n\n\n_1. Promote meaningful participation_ - engage persons with disabilities in all phases of the project cycle in a\n\n\nmeaningful way, ensuring that input and feedback from persons with disabilities is acted upon.\n\n\n_2. Remove barriers_ - identify attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers to accessing assistance and services\n\n\nwhich exist in the community, the general context, and within your organisation and take measurable actions\n\n\nto remove these.\n\n\n_3. Empower persons with disabilities_ - provide persons with disabilities the opportunity to engage in the project\n\n\nin various capacities e.g. monitoring committees, as staff, local liaisons etc; and enable them an opportunity\n\n\nto develop their skills.\n\n\n_4. Disaggregate data for monitoring inclusion_ - ensure that all data collected in assessments and\n\n\nimplementation monitoring is disaggregated at a minimum by gender, age, and disability to better\n\n\nunderstand the extent to which persons with disabilities are reached and engaged in projects, and to provide\n\n\ninformation on gaps and needs to facilitate project adjustment.\n\n\n\n\n\n1 IASC (2019). Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessments and\n\n\nimplementation monitoring", - "confidence": 0.6936624646186829, - "start": 399, - "end": 403 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IASC", - "confidence": 0.7220227122306824, - "start": 446, - "end": 447 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.853693962097168, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9974597096443176, - "start": 348, - "end": 351 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **1. Contextual background**\n\nAfter nine years of conflict, the Syrian humanitarian crisis is one of the most significant crises of our time. Continued\nhostilities, new and protracted displacement, increased returns to Syria and the sustained destruction of communities\nhas impacted the lives of Syrian\u2019s and their futures in a devasting way. The 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO)\nidentified that 11.06 million people were in need of some form of humanitarian assistance [2] . In October 2020, priority\nneeds of internally displaced Syrian\u2019s residing in the northwest pertained to livelihoods, basic services and food. Half of\nthe displaced population is reported to live in inadequate housing situations. These include substandard shelters such\nas unfinished buildings and emergency shelters provided by humanitarian partners such as tents. According to the\nCCCM Cluster, as of October 2020, 1.4 million internally displaced persons live in planned and informal self-settled\nsites. [3] For households which include persons with disabilities, priority needs include more specifically, electricity, health\nservices and transport. [4] Further, in the context of the rapid deterioration of the Syrian Pound and the global pandemic,\nCOVID-19, these needs are anticipated to increase even more so and hence the urgency to respond in a specific and\nrelevant way is of the utmost importance.\n\nRecent evidence suggests that the individual prevalence rate of persons with disabilities living in Syria, aged 12 years\nand above is 25% which is almost twice that of the global average. [5] In Aleppo and Idleb governorates, the individual\nIDP prevalence demonstrates that females are more likely to experience disability than males. That is, 59% of females\nand 27% of males (Aleppo) and 42% of females and 30% of males (Idleb) have disabilities. [6] With regards to age, across\nSyria, 74% of the population above the age of 54 years old has a disability. [7]\n\nIn light of these statistics and given barriers that persons with disabilities frequently face, ensuring that the humanitarian\nresponse is inclusive of all should be considered as an urgent priority for all humanitarian partners operating in northwest\nSyria. Specific situations of persons with disabilities and related humanitarian needs are often invisible, unidentified,\nand/or misunderstood.\n\nTherefore, the following brief aims to describe the lived experience of persons with disabilities in northwest Syria and\nhighlight needs and key barriers to engagement in personal, domestic and community-based activities of daily living,\nwhich includes access to and engagement with humanitarian organisations. The analysis of these difficulties forms the\nbasis of key pragmatic recommendations for humanitarian actors.\n\n## **2. Brief methodology**\n\n\nKey informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with internally displaced persons with disabilities residing in 11 sub\ndistricts in inadequate living situations throughout northwest Syria over the phone by humanitarian staff who have a\nbackground in disability and inclusion. For those key informants who have hearing and communication difficulties, a\nsupport person was present to aid the interaction over the phone and often video call was used.\n\n\nThe KII\u2019s were conducted during the time of severe restrictions on movements to staff and beneficiaries due to COVID19 related safety measures. Inclusion criterion for participants was defined as having significant functional difficulty with\none or more areas of daily functioning congruent with the Washington Group short set domains of functioning which\nare: communication, hearing, cognition, self-care, mobility and vision. [8]\n\n\nFor further details related to the methodology, including consent procedures and study limitations, please refer to Annex\nA.\n\n\n2 HNO (2019) Syrian Arab Republic\n3 CCCM Cluster, ISIMM data (September 2020); see also HNAP, October 2020 Mobility and Needs Monitoring NSAG & TBAF controlled areas (November 2020).\n4 HNAP (2020) Summer Report Series \u2013 Disability Overview\n5 Ibid\n6 HNAP (2019) IDP insight: Disability\n7 Ibid\n[8 Washington Group on Disability Statistics (2001). Washington Group Short Set of questions. Retrieved from: https://www.washingtongroup-](https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-)\n[disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/](https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-)\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview", - "confidence": 0.975520133972168, - "start": 66, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HNO", - "confidence": 0.9824733734130859, - "start": 71, - "end": 72 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.6845113635063171, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2019", - "confidence": 0.9999085664749146, - "start": 66, - "end": 67 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.6324387192726135, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.9866204261779785, - "start": 375, - "end": 376 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9785176515579224, - "start": 380, - "end": 383 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.9850860834121704, - "start": 505, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.985328733921051, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9519960880279541, - "start": 529, - "end": 531 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "internally displaced persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9759995937347412, - "start": 514, - "end": 519 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "ISIMM data", - "confidence": 0.9183312654495239, - "start": 681, - "end": 683 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "HNO", - "confidence": 0.6327904462814331, - "start": 670, - "end": 671 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syrian Arab Republic", - "confidence": 0.9493182301521301, - "start": 674, - "end": 677 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.5758755803108215, - "start": 685, - "end": 686 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.521019697189331, - "start": 705, - "end": 706 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.7259685397148132, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Analytical framework_\nThe Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) was used as an analytical framework\nto conduct a thematic analysis of the translated KII scripts. The CMOP-E is an occupational performance framework\ndesigned to understand the contributing factors which influence how an individual performs daily activities. [9] This\nframework enabled researchers to understand the barriers persons with disabilities experience when engaging in\nActivities of Daily Living (ADLs). These barriers (physical, attitudinal and institutional) [i] are recognised within the human\nrights model of disability and consequently depict where the interaction between impairment and environment creates\nexclusion and ultimately denial of rights. [10]\n\n\n_Characteristics of the sample_\n71 persons with disabilities and/or their primary caregiver were interviewed (dependent on age) and their results\nrecorded. This includes 37 females, where their ages range from 2 years old to 79 years old, with the mean age being\n39.5 years; and 34 males, where their ages range from 10 years old to 83 years old, with the mean age being 35 years.\n\n\nOf the total sample, 89 percent of respondents reported mobility and/or self-care difficulty, 17 percent intellectual and/or\ncognitive difficulty, 11 percent reported difficulties with vision, 10 percent hearing difficulties and 9 percent reported\ndifficulties with communication.\n\n\nOf the total sample, 9 (13 %) people reside in makeshift accommodation, 16 (23%) in formal camp settings, 17 (23%)\nin collective centres and 29 (41%) in unfinished buildings.\n\n## **3. Survey findings \u2013 lived experiences**\n\n\nThe impact that barriers have on participation in both basic and complex activities of daily living for persons with\ndisabilities can be extreme. Barriers impact mental and physical health, access to rights on an equal basis with others,\nindividual and household income sufficiency and for children, barriers significantly limit their ability to learn and develop\nalong with their peers, which has lifelong implications, rarely reversible. These barriers to participation increase risks of\nnegative coping strategies, poverty and exploitation and abuse.\n\n\nThe major barriers to engagement in ADLs, including engagement with humanitarian organisations, which emerged\nfrom the data, relate to attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers experienced by individuals in their residences and\ntheir local communities. Common compounding factors to barriers include income insufficiency, the impacts of\ndisplacement on assistive device availability and general environmental incompatibility with needs. In combination with\nthe aforementioned barriers, this interplay has resulted in dire health consequences in some circumstances where\nreduced access due to the humanitarian situation has meant worsening of previously managed health conditions.\n\n### **3.1 Personal activities of daily living**\n\n_3.1.1 Physical barriers to personal activities of daily living: toileting, bathing, sleeping, eating and_\n_meal preparation_\n\n\n\n_Toileting, diaper use, and bathing_\nThe most significant barriers to using toileting and bathing\nfacilities are reported to be both the distance between\naccommodation and latrines and inaccessible design of facilities.\n\n\n56 percent of respondents report that due to the lack of available\n\u2018European style\u2019 toilets, they could not use toileting facilities at\nall. The primary reason for this was described as the inability to\nphysically squat down to toilet which commonly resulted in using\ndiapers instead of toileting safely. These difficulties have\nconsequences for the health of the individual and these\nconsequences impact the whole familial unit.\n\n\n\n_**\u2018[My] difficulties are due to the lack of**_\n_**appropriate facilities such as a toilet seat and**_\n_**a suitable bathroom\u2019**_\n\n15 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n\n\n9 Townsend, E., & Polatajko, H. (2007). Enabling occupation II: Advancing an occupational therapy vision for health, well-being, & justice through occupation.\nOttawa: CAOT Publishers\n10 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement", - "confidence": 0.535774290561676, - "start": 3, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "occupational performance framework", - "confidence": 0.5466105937957764, - "start": 34, - "end": 37 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "CMOP-E", - "confidence": 0.7897482514381409, - "start": 11, - "end": 12 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9155853986740112, - "start": 63, - "end": 66 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Important to note is that diaper use is associated with increased\nrisk of extreme discomfort, feelings of loss of dignity, urinary tract\ninfection and skin irritation which can lead to skin breakdown and\nin many cases, particularly where the individual is not regularly\nmobile, skin ulceration and serious infection. [11] Once ulceration\nand skin infection occur, medical treatment is necessary and if\nleft untreated, ulcers can lead to the need for urgent surgical\nintervention and, in some cases, death. [12]\n\n\nParticularly in the absence of accessible bathing facilities (as\nregular bathing reduces the risk of infection), those using diapers\nfrequently are at an increased and unnecessary risk of\nsecondary health conditions.13 Further, the availability of\ndiapers is often scarce in some areas and when available, the\ncost impacts the entire familial unit and represents an additional\nfinancial burden in already largely income insufficient\nhouseholds. Some respondents have reported using old cloth\nand other recycled materials instead, however, this only further\nincreases health risks for the individual.\n\n\nIn regard to bathing facilities, due to the reported small spaces\nand general inaccessible design, often respondents could not\naccess bathing facilities. Very often respondents reported that\nthey needed the assistance of another person to safely bathe\nand dress and given the small spaces available this was not\npossible.\n\n\n_Need for compensatory supplies related to toileting and bathing_\nIn order to maintain hygiene in the context of the current barriers,\n53 percent of persons with disabilities reported needing\nadditional hygiene supplies. These include skin moisturiser to\nmaintain skin integrity, adult diapers, additional women\u2019s\nhygiene products, additional clothes to remain clean and dry and\nadditional cleaning products for the living space.\n\n\n_Sleeping_\nIn many cases, sleeping on the ground (on a sleeping mat) is\naggravating toileting difficulties overnight, due to the difficulty to\nget in and out of bed independently and, reach an accessible\ntoilet. Overnight toileting difficulties and incontinence can cause\nserious health conditions, but also impacts both the individual\nand the family negatively, given families are sharing small\nspaces together.\n\n\nOther common difficulties with regards to sleep were related to\nthe type of mattress available. Persons who have specific health\nconditions and older persons, are often at risk of pressure sores\n(bed sores) whilst in the lying position for long periods of time.\nThere are mattresses which help relieve pressure when the\nindividual is not able to naturally do so themselves. In the\nabsence of this, individuals are at risk of pressure ulcers and\nother conditions which require medical attention. [14]\n\n\n\n_**\u2018Instead of diapers, the family uses pieces of**_\n_**cloth and clothes that cause major**_\n_**infections\u2026\u2019**_\n\n17 year-old male with intellectual and/or cognitive,\n\nhearing and mobility and/or self-care difficulties\n\nresiding in a formal camp\n\n_**\u2018I have a difficulty completing all these [self-**_\n_**care] activities without a lot of help, I cannot**_\n_**use the toilet, so I wear diapers. but I cannot**_\n_**afford to buy them\u2019**_\n\n20 year-old-female with visual and mobility and/or\n\nself-care difficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018I struggle in terms of distance to the latrines,**_\n_**especially at night, and the fact that the**_\n_**toilets are shared. I have difficulties in terms**_\n_**of needing to be carried to the toilet and need**_\n_**a European style toilet\u2019**_\n\n52 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018I can\u2019t toilet, shower, or do anything on my**_\n_**own\u2026\u2026I also use urinary catheters and**_\n_**diapers, and I suffer from severe ulcers\u2019**_\n\n30 year-old male with visual and mobility and/or self\ncare difficulties, resident of an unfinished building\n\n_**\u2018I sleep on the floor, and I find it difficult**_\n_**getting up and sitting up. Being diabetic and**_\n_**taking a diuretic medicine, I need to get up**_\n_**often to go to the toilet\u2019**_\n\n60 year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I sleep on the floor with my family in the**_\n_**same tent. Before displacement, I used to**_\n_**have a bed and special mattress for bed**_\n_**sores, which I urgently need today\u2019.**_\n\n18 year-old male with physical, visual, hearing,\ncommunication and intellectual and/or cognitive\n\ndifficulties residing in a makeshift tent\n\n\n\n11 National Health Service (2020). Overview: Pressure ulcers (pressure sores). Retrieved from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pressure-sores/\n[12 Kirman, N. (2020) What is the mortality rate for pressure injuries (pressure ulcers)? Retrieved from: https://www.medscape.com/answers/190115-82434/what-](https://www.medscape.com/answers/190115-82434/what-is-the-mortality-rate-for-pressure-injuries-pressure-ulcers#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20approximately%2060%2C00)\n[is-the-mortality-rate-for-pressure-injuries-pressure-ulcers#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20approximately%2060%2C000%20people,risk](https://www.medscape.com/answers/190115-82434/what-is-the-mortality-rate-for-pressure-injuries-pressure-ulcers#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20approximately%2060%2C00)\n%20of%20mortality%20to%2055%25\n[13 The Urology Group (2012). UTI Increases with age. Retrieved from: https://www.urologygroup.com/uti-risk-increases-with-age/](https://www.urologygroup.com/uti-risk-increases-with-age/)\n14 Ibid\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Eating and meal preparation_\nThe final self-care activity discussed in the KII\u2019s was in relation\nto eating and meal preparation. The most significant challenges\nreported relate to difficulty swallowing ready meals and other\ntypes of food due to incompatible food textures, difficulty using\nhands to eat independently / to feed oneself, and dependency in\nmeal preparation.\n\n\n_Swallowing_\nOften for people with difficulties such as dysphagia (which is a\nclinical condition describing a difficulty swallowing food and\ndrink), the texture of food can represent a serious health and\nsafety risk. [15] For example, tough textured food such as meats\nand Arab bread can make it very difficult to swallow and can\nresult in choking and/or aspiration (where the food enters the\nlungs instead of the stomach). Aspiration of food, if untreated,\ncommonly results in chest infection and ultimately pneumonia,\namong other life-threatening conditions, which require medical\nattention. [16] Further, many respondents reported that due to an\ninjury, that they also needed smooth textured food, but this was\nnot often available or affordable.\n\n\n_Feeding oneself_\nLack of independence when feeding oneself is a serious daily\nchallenge for individuals with a broad ranging number of\nfunctional difficulties. Often people with hand and/or arm\nweakness, reduced arm/hand coordination, reduced sensation\nand/or reduced activity tolerance can experience great\ndifficulties with feeding themselves and this can result in feelings\nof loss of dignity, self-esteem and autonomy. As being assisted\nwith feeding is often associated with children, this can be\ndevastating for an adult and impact their self-perception and\nultimately their mental health, but also, on a more practical note,\nthis impedes their daily independence resulting in a need to be\nassisted by another person. For children with difficulty feeding,\nthe missed opportunity to learn how to feed oneself in an\nadapted way, can mean that the child does not learn this skill at\nall, which can result in continued dependence on another person\ninto adult life.\n\n\n_Meal preparation_\nThe majority of respondents reported that due to small and\nshared spaces and the physical inaccessibility of meal\npreparation areas, a family member was responsible for\npreparation of meals. This impacts the independence of persons\nwith disabilities significantly and again highlights the reliance\nthey must often have on another person for essential activities\nof daily living.\n\n\n\n_**\u2018I have difficulty related to food and eating**_\n_**because it is shared with other families and**_\n_**the food served is ready meals, so the type of**_\n_**food available is sometimes difficult to**_\n_**swallow\u2019**_\n\n50 year-old male with physical, intellectual and/or\ncognitive and communication difficulties residing in a\n\ncollective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018I have difficulty eating on my own and also**_\n_**need a specific type of food, like bananas,**_\n_**which I can\u2019t afford with no breadwinner in**_\n_**the family\u2019**_\n\n45 year-old female with physical and intellectual\nand/or cognitive difficulties, residing in a formal camp\n\n_**\u2018I cannot prepare food, and I can only eat**_\n_**pureed food that is easy to chew and**_\n_**swallow; financial restrictions prevent my**_\n_**family from buying the food that is suitable**_\n_**for me\u2019**_\n\n79 year-old male with physical and intellectual and/or\ncognitive difficulties, residing in an unfinished building\n\n_**\u2018He has great difficulty in accessing food,**_\n_**eating and moving, as he requires permanent**_\n_**help; he cannot hold the spoon in his hand\u2019.**_\n\nPrimary care giver on behalf of 16 year-old male with\n\nintellectual and/or cognitive difficulties residing in a\n\nmakeshift tent\n\n\n_**\u2018There is a great difficulty when it comes to**_\n_**eating \u2026. I can\u2019t use my hands so well\u2019**_\n\n14 year-old male with physical and communication\n\ndifficulties residing in a collective centre\n\n\n\n[15 Dysphagia: Overview. Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028)\n16 Ibid\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_3.1.2 Attitudinal barriers to personal activities of daily living_\n\n\n\n_Community perception and behaviour_\nBoth male and female key informants reported experiencing\nattitudinal barriers to accessing facilities outside of their dwelling,\nincluding toileting and bathing facilities. There are frequent\ncomplaints of fears of bullying and abuse from others in the\ncommunity when attempting to access facilities, which is a\nsignificant deterrent.\n\n\nFurther, feelings of shame and fear of being pitied by others\nwhen using assistive devices to access facilities in the\ncommunity were also commonly expressed \u2013 this also prevents\npeople from using communal facilities.\n\n\nIt is important to note that attitudinal barriers significantly\ncontribute to the existence of physical barriers described above\nwhile also posing a major obstacle to inclusion and participation.\nAttitudinal barriers stem from behaviours in the community and\nare often based on assumptions due to lack of knowledge,\nignorance, stereotyping, prejudice, and even discrimination \u2013\npersons with disabilities frequently are only seen in terms of\nhis/her disability.\n\n\n_Fears of sexual abuse and exploitation_\nMany female key informants also reported fear of sexual abuse\nand exploitation when using toileting and bathing facilities and\nagain reported the need for a companion. Commonly these fears\nwere linked to the fact that facilities were shared between men\nand women which, in their opinion, increased the threat of\nviolations and harassment.\n\n\n(see for further details sections below)\n\n\n\n_**\u2018I do not have any difficulties within the**_\n_**house, as I am used to the place and know**_\n_**the details of the house. As for outside, I**_\n_**cannot go out without an escort and do not**_\n_**use an assistive device for fear of verbal**_\n_**abuse by people around me\u2019.**_\n\n29 year-old female with visual difficulties, residing in\n\nan unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I have toileting and bathing difficulties, but**_\n_**dressing is manageable. There is physical**_\n_**difficulty and I notice the pitying looks of**_\n_**others\u2019**_\n\n37 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties, resident of a makeshift tent\n\n_\u2018[_ _**It\u2019s difficult because of] issues related to**_\n_**culture and community perception\u2019.**_\n\n35 year- old male with physical, intellectual and/or\n\ncognitive difficulties, residing in a collective centre\n\n_**\u2018I have some concerns regarding sexual**_\n_**exploitation and abuse because the toilets**_\n_**are shared\u2019**_\n\n18 year-old female, with hearing difficulties residing\n\nin a collective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018Due to the nature of the place and the large**_\n_**number of families sharing a bathroom and a**_\n_**toilet, [I have] fears that [my daughter] will be**_\n_**sexually abused or exploited, therefore, she**_\n_**cannot go alone\u2019**_\n\nCaregiver of 12 year-old female with hearing and\ncommunication difficulties, residing in a collective\n\ncentre\n\n\n_**\u2018I can perform all of the above without help,**_\n_**but I do have some concerns regarding**_\n_**sexual exploitation and abuse when using the**_\n_**shared toilets/restrooms\u2019**_\n\n16 year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties, residing in a collective centre\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 3.2 Community activities of daily living\n\n_3.2.1 Physical, attitudinal and institutional barriers to community activities of daily living: securing_\n_food, and accessing transport_\n\n\n\n_Securing food_\nThe most significant difficulties reported in relation to securing\nfood were around the long distances to food sources, physically\ncarrying items and fear of abuse and exploitation in the local\ncommunity when seeking food.\n\n\nFor many persons with disabilities, physically carrying food\nparcels (assistance or purchases) is difficult or impossible due\nto reduced mobility and the associated risks of harm, such as\nfalls and injury. For persons with visual and/or intellectual or\ncognitive impairment, navigating their way to and from (as well\nas around) a shop and especially food distribution site is often\nextremely challenging, particularly for those who are newly\ndisplaced and therefore unfamiliar with their environment.\n\n\nThe added perceived threat of abuse and exploitation by\ncommunity members means that the majority of people with\ndisabilities hesitate or do not access food sources\nindependently.\n\n\n_Service access_\nThe physical terrain in many areas of northwest Syria is often\ninaccessible for persons with disabilities. This is due to uneven\nground surfaces and rocky terrain in some parts, wet and muddy\nwalkways in winter, uneven roads and lack of clear visual cues\nto assist persons with visual difficulties. For those who\nexperience functional difficulties in these environments, this\noften results in avoidance of leaving the home at all, unless\nanother person can provide significant physical support, for\nexample by carrying the individual.\n\n\nFurther to this, universal design [ii] of service facilities is lacking,\ncreating a significant barrier to service access. Many\nrespondents report that they cannot access services because\nthey are unable to access the physical facilities where those\nservices are provided. Examples of required adaptations\ninclude, ramp access, wide doorways, accessible toileting\nfacilities and communication and visual cues.\n\n\n\n_**\u2018I have difficulty in accessing food due to the**_\n_**distance of the place\u2019**_\n\n30 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a makeshift tent\n\n\n_**\u2018I have no access to food; I ask my children**_\n_**to get what I need and I do not move unless**_\n_**absolutely necessary\u2019**_\n\n38 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018I do not leave the house unless absolutely**_\n_**necessary and need help securing food since**_\n_**I have mobility and financial difficulties;**_\n_**neighbours help me with food and**_\n_**rainwater\u2026 I get awkward looks from people**_\n_**when I\u2019m outside\u2019**_\n\n24 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I move around the house using my hands**_\n_**since I have paraplegia. As for the outside, I**_\n_**do not go out unless absolutely necessary\u2026**_\n_**It is difficult to walk around the area so they**_\n_**carry me to/ from the car to/from the door of**_\n_**the house\u2019**_\n\n40 year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I have daily mobility difficulties that are**_\n_**especially related to the area I live in, which**_\n_**is rugged, and therefore, I move with**_\n_**difficulty within that area\u2019**_\n\n15 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018Difficulty in securing supplies and taking**_\n_**her to a treatment centre because of the**_\n_**distance of the centre\u2019**_\n\nCare giver of two year-old female with mobility\n\nand/or self-care difficulties in a formal camp\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Communication_\nCommunication with staff remains a key challenge to\nengagement. As persons with disabilities may rely on non-verbal\ncommunication, staff are often not able to accommodate these\nneeds. This represents concerns regarding equal access to\nservices, but also denial of the right to consent to service\nengagement and having their specific needs met. Important to\nnote, is that the lack of understanding of various conditions and\nhow these may appear to staff outwardly can impact the\nstaff/service user interaction significantly. For example, for a\nperson with speech difficulties, staff may assume this person\nmay also have significant cognitive impairment affecting\ninteractions. This misconception may lead to significant\nimpediments on basic rights such as the inadvertent denial of an\nopportunity to provide informed consent (people with cognitive\nimpairment should still be enabled to provide informed consent).\nSimilarly, a person with a mental health condition or an\nintellectual disability may be perceived as a threat to staff due to\nmisconceptions and stigma, and therefore, their right to service\naccess or informed consent may also be denied.\n\n\n_Transport_\nRespondents most reported that lack of access to transport is\ndue to its high cost. Other barriers are related to availability and\nphysical accessibility of transport options. Available transport\nwas more commonly reported inside camps, however the\nphysical accessibility of all forms of transport is a key challenge\nfor many.\n\n\n_Personal (caregiver) support_\n34 percent of respondents reported that they required assistance\nto mitigate barriers and access their local environment. In the\nabsence of another person to assist them, persons with\ndisabilities are commonly unable to leave their residence. The\nneed for personal support on transport also raises the issues of\nincreased cost to travel, which is required for two people instead\nof one. Where there is no support person available, persons with\ndisabilities can experience compounded isolation from their\ncommunity, including reduced access to essential services.\n\n\n_Access to assistive devices_\n70 percent of persons interviewed reported the need for an\nassistive device to improve their functioning in at least one of\ntheir daily activities. Assistive devices and technologies have the\nprimary purpose of maintaining or improving an individual\u2019s\nfunctioning and independence to facilitate participation and to\nenhance overall well-being. [17] They can also help prevent\nimpairments and secondary health conditions. These include\nmobility and self-care devices in addition to adapted devices\nsuch as adapted cutlery or technologies to improve sleeping. For\nmany persons with disabilities, in the absence of a device, they\nare unable to function independently or at all. This reduced\nfunction poses a significant risk of loss of independence and the\nonset of secondary health conditions, including mental health\nconditions.\n\n\n17 WHO (2020). Disability: Assistive Devices and Technologies\n\n\n\n_**\u2018I cannot access services due to the nature of**_\n_**my mental condition, and the communication**_\n_**difficulties due to my speech and hearing**_\n_**impairments\u2019**_\n\n18 year-old male with hearing, communication,\nintellectual and/or cognitive and visual difficulties\n\nresiding in a makeshift tent\n\n_**\u2018I have difficulty accessing services due to**_\n_**my poor communication abilities\u2019**_\n\n50 year-old male with physical, intellectual and/or\ncognitive and communication difficulties, residing in a\n\ncollective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018I suffer great difficulty and pain when using**_\n_**transportation or accessing to services. I**_\n_**also face challenges in using transportation**_\n_**because of the high cost\u2019**_\n\n35 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I can\u2019t access service centres due to the**_\n_**high transportation costs\u2019**_\n\n16 year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a collective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018It is difficult to walk around the camp\u2026and I**_\n_**also can\u2019t use transport, it costs a lot\u2019**_\n\n45 year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018I cannot access services or use transport**_\n_**without the help of a companion\u2019**_\n\n83 year-old male with physical, visual, and hearing\n\ndifficulties residing in a makeshift tent\n\n_**\u2018I face great difficulties in this regard because**_\n_**I cannot access services or use**_\n_**transportation on my own, as I can suddenly**_\n_**lose memory and get disoriented and won\u2019t**_\n_**know how to return to the camp\u2019.**_\n\n50 year-old male with physical and intellectual and/or\n\ncognitive difficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n_**\u2018I cannot use transport or access services**_\n_**except with the help of others. I suffer from**_\n_**not having a permanent caregiver because**_\n_**my wife is sick and sometimes cannot help\u2019**_\n\n66 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp\n\n_**\u2018I do not have any devices to help me move**_\n_**around and the facilities are far from the**_\n_**place where we live so I need to walk, for**_\n_**example, the toilet is so far\u2019**_\n\n62-year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties, residing in a collective centre\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_3.2.2 Barriers to accessing and engagement with humanitarian organisations_\n\n\n\n_Staff engagement and complaints and feedback mechanisms_\nThe KII questionnaire included questions designed to define the\nexperience of difficulties when interacting with humanitarian staff\nand accessing and using complaints and feedback mechanisms.\nResults demonstrate that barriers relate to awareness of staff\npertaining to the needs of persons with disabilities, instances of\nexploitation impacting confidence in the organisation and\ninaccessible complaints and feedback mechanisms, which was\nunderpinned by feelings of futility about complaining or providing\nfeedback at all.\n\n\n_Lack of awareness and discrimination_\nMany respondents reported that due to staff\u2019s general lack of\nawareness of persons with disabilities and their needs they often\nfelt ignored and underserved due to their disability. Data\nindicates that respondents see the combination of low staff\nawareness related to persons with disabilities and related needs,\nas well as a lack of skills to communicate with persons with\ndiverse communication needs, as reasons for persons with\ndisabilities often being excluded from services. This combination\nof inadequate knowledge and skills may give rise to negative\nattitudes towards persons with disabilities and engender\ndiscrimination as confirmed by reported experiences of persons\nwith disabilities.\n\n\n_Exploitation, discrimination, and negligence_\n41 percent of respondents reported incidences where they had\nexperienced exploitation (usually due to a lack of consent\nprocedures to film or to be photographed) and/or discrimination\ndue to their disability. These experiences, in combination with\nother experienced barriers and challenges, left respondents\nfeeling frustrated and exploited, resulting in a loss of confidence\nin humanitarian services.\n\n\n_Complaint and feedback mechanisms (CFMs)_\n45 percent of respondents reported that they were unaware of\nany CFMs available to humanitarian service users. Other\ndifficulties include not being able to practically use the CFM\nmechanism due to physical inaccessibility and/or fear of\ncomplaining. For those who had provided feedback or\ncomplained, many respondents expressed feelings of futility\nregarding the CFMs\u2019 effectiveness.\n\n\n\n_**\u2018I don\u2019t demand my rights and don\u2019t interact**_\n_**with organizations, because only the strong**_\n_**get their rights. I am neglected, vulnerable**_\n_**and ignored\u2019**_\n\n37 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018[I have] difficulty interacting [with**_\n_**humanitarian organisations] in addition to**_\n_**negligence. My wife communicates on my**_\n_**behalf. There are no fears, but there is**_\n_**discrimination; they do not register data for**_\n_**people with disabilities\u2019**_\n\n35 year-old male with physical, intellectual and/or\n\ncognitive difficulties residing in a collective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018I have difficulty interacting with humanitarian**_\n_**workers and organizations, as they often**_\n_**ignore me because they can\u2019t understand**_\n_**what I\u2019m saying or understand my condition\u2019**_\n\n18 year-old male with hearing, visual, intellectual\n\nand/or cognitive and communication difficulties\n\nresiding in a formal camp\n\n\n_**\u2018We suffer from the neglect of humanitarian**_\n_**workers. We need community inclusion**_\n_**activities in order to be included by the**_\n_**society and not excluded by our community\u2019**_\n\n29 year-old male with visual difficulties residing in an\n\nunfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I encountered several incidents with**_\n_**humanitarian organizations where I felt**_\n_**exploited when they came to film and take**_\n_**pictures, then they left and never came back\u2019**_\n\nCare giver of 10 year-old female with mobility and/or\n\nself-care difficulties residing in a collective centre\n\n\n_**\u2018I do not know the complaint mechanism, but**_\n_**I know that there is someone in charge of**_\n_**that. I don\u2019t think I am able to complain \u2026I\u2019m**_\n_**scared, I am afraid to file a complaint\u2019**_\n\n30 year-old male with physical and visual difficulties\n\nresiding in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I do not know how to file a complaint, nor do**_\n_**I have the ability to do so. The mechanisms**_\n_**are not available, and I do not know any of**_\n_**the staff. I am not comfortable to complain\u2019**_\n\n24 year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I have a complaint, but I\u2019d rather complain to**_\n_**God. I have no confidence in the complaint**_\n_**mechanism. I can file a complaint and have**_\n_**done so many times, but it was in vain\u2019**_\n\n38-year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in a formal camp).\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KII questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9962487816810608, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.5412557125091553, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported experiences of persons\nwith disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9536241292953491, - "start": 201, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.785207986831665, - "start": 169, - "end": 172 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_3.2.3 Community based attitudinal barriers to community activities of daily living_\n\n\n\n_Sexual exploitation, bullying and abuse_\nThe intersectionality of gender, age and disability has a clear\nimpact on feelings of vulnerability related to sexual exploitation\nand abuse. It is well understood that female gender often\nrepresents increased vulnerability to abuses of this kind, and\nwith the compounding features of age and disability, individual\nvulnerability is exacerbated. [18] It is clear that the perceived threat\nof violations, impacts daily functioning and opportunities for\nengagement for persons with disabilities. Where reduced\nphysical or cognitive function of people across all ages was\ncommonly cited as a key reason as to why perceived\nvulnerability was increased. The impact of this threat is a key\nbarrier to engaging in local environments, including external\nWASH facilities and accessing humanitarian services.\n\n\nStigma related to disability and the resulting discrimination faced\nby persons with disabilities, can occur both within the home and\nin communities. [19] Respondents commonly reported bullying and\nverbal abuse in their communities related to their functional\ndifficulty specifically. Many respondents reported this to be a key\nreason for avoiding leaving their residence and engaging with\ntheir communities independently.\n\n## **4. Conclusion**\n\n\n\n_**\u2018She cannot be left alone due to fear of sexual**_\n_**exploitation or abuse, so her hair is shaved in**_\n_**order to make her look like a boy\u2019**_\n\nCare giver of 12-year-old female with intellectual\n\ndifficulties, residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018As for outside, I cannot go out without an**_\n_**escort and do not use an assistive device for**_\n_**fear of verbal abuse by people around me\u2026 I**_\n_**do not use transportation on my own unless I**_\n_**am accompanied by someone, as I can\u2019t see**_\n_**where I\u2019m going and I\u2019m afraid of getting**_\n_**exploited or abused while using public**_\n_**transportation\u2019**_\n\n29-year-old female with visual difficulties residing in\n\nan unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018As for sexual assault, I have never been**_\n_**subjected to this, but if it happens, I will not**_\n_**be able to protect myself\u2019**_\n\n35-year-old male with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n_**\u2018I was abused once while in a car and I get**_\n_**dirty looks\u2019**_\n\n35-year-old female with mobility and/or self-care\n\ndifficulties residing in an unfinished building\n\n\n\nInternally displaced persons with disabilities residing in northwest Syria find themselves in situations of elevated\nvulnerability due to attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers. These barriers can in extreme cases lead to healthrelated risks, and most frequently result in exclusion and perceived threats from community members, often impacting\non wellbeing and dignity. For children specifically, these barriers can have severe negative impacts on their ability to\nlearn and develop along with their peers, with lifelong implications, rarely reversible. Persons with disabilities express\nfeeling \u2018disempowered\u2019 and \u2018lesser than others\u2019 while this is, for the most part, also how community members are\nunderstood to approach persons with disabilities. The power of attitudes in the community, which includes those of\nhumanitarian staff, should not be overlooked, as nearly all identified barriers are influenced by an element of intentional\nor unintentional discrimination.\n\n\nLived experiences of persons with disabilities vary significantly. Therefore, the intersectionality of gender, age and\ndisability is crucial to consider when assessing and reducing barriers across the humanitarian response \u2013 humanitarian\npartners should recognise that people often simply labelled as \u2018persons with disabilities\u2019 are not a homogenous group\nand experience barriers differently across the course of their life, for example attitudinal barriers are commonly impacted\nby gender and age.\n\n\nDue to the diverse and robust nature of the barriers to access and participation for persons with disabilities in northwest\nSyria, in the absence of both strengthened systematic inclusion mechanisms throughout the humanitarian response and\nimplementation of individualised supports to equalise opportunities, persons with disabilities will remain isolated,\nsuffering discrimination and denial of their rights in silence, often invisible to the wider community, including humanitarian\nactors.\n\n\n[18 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2020). Disability: Women and Girls with Disabilities. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/development/d](https://www.un.org/development/d%20esa/disabilities/issues/women-and-girls-with-disabilities.html)\n[esa/disabilities/issues/women-and-girls-with-disabilities.html](https://www.un.org/development/d%20esa/disabilities/issues/women-and-girls-with-disabilities.html)\n[19 American Psychological Association (2020). Abuse of Women with Disabilities. Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/topics/violence/women-disabilities](https://www.apa.org/topics/violence/women-disabilities)\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.5051955580711365, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7390172481536865, - "start": 161, - "end": 164 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Limitations in understanding the situation and specific needs of persons with disabilities in northwest Syria persist, and\nfurther investigation is required to deepen understanding and the identify resulting response measures. To contribute to\nthis, protection monitoring, qualitative and quantitative data collection on prevalence of barriers, and monitoring of the\nstatus of persons with disabilities and their capacities for resilience are required. Moreover, to ensure identification and\nreduction of barriers at humanitarian programmatic level, as well as ensure effective inclusion of persons with disabilities\nof all ages and genders, humanitarian partners should at a bare minimum ensure sufficient and meaningful qualitative\nengagement with persons with disabilities, make efforts to develop staffing capacities, adhere to the IASC \u2018must do\nactions\u2019 and other recommendations (see below), and cultivate an organizational culture of inclusion in accordance with\nthe basis of all humanitarian action: the protection of fundamental rights of all persons affected by a crisis.\n\n## **5. Recommendations**\n\n\n[In line with the IASC Guidelines on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action (2019) organisations](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/2019-11/IASC%20Guidelines%20on%20the%20Inclusion%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities%20in%20Humanitarian%20Action%2C%202019.pdf)\ndelivering humanitarian services in northwest Syria must consider the needs of persons with disabilities when designing\nand implementing humanitarian projects. To understand specific needs \u2013 which often relate to highly specific\ngeographical and situational contexts \u2013 and respond accordingly, humanitarian organisations must make all efforts to\nidentify barriers faced by persons with disabilities when accessing humanitarian assistance and services in northwest\nSyria and take proactive measures to mitigate these barriers with the ultimate goal of enabling equal access and\nparticipation of all individuals regardless of disability. Humanitarian organizations should capture access, participation,\nand actions taken in indicators to facilitate measurement, ensure accountability, and stimulate learning.\n\nThe IASC Guidelines set out four top line **\u2018must do actions\u2019** which should applies to all actors in every sector. These\ninclude:\n\n\n_1. Promote meaningful participation_ - engage persons with disabilities in all phases of the project cycle in a\n\nmeaningful way, ensuring that input and feedback from persons with disabilities is acted upon.\n_2. Remove barriers_ - identify attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers to accessing assistance and services\n\nwhich exist in the community, the general context, and within your organisation and take measurable actions\nto remove these.\n_3. Empower persons with disabilities_ - provide persons with disabilities the opportunity to engage in the project\n\nin various capacities e.g. monitoring committees, as staff, local liaisons etc; and enable them an opportunity\nto develop their skills.\n_4. Disaggregate data for monitoring inclusion_ - ensure that all data collected in assessments and\n\nimplementation monitoring is disaggregated at a minimum by gender, age, and disability to better\nunderstand the extent to which persons with disabilities are reached and engaged in projects, and to provide\ninformation on gaps and needs to facilitate project adjustment.\n\n**In line with the IASC guidelines and building on the reported barriers specific to internally displaced persons**\n**with disabilities in northwest Syria, this report puts forward recommendations to the broader humanitarian**\n**community from the Protection Cluster Inclusion Technical Working Group. These recommendations are listed**\n**on the following pages and are put forward in three types of checklists:**\n\n\n - **a general cross-sectoral checklist for all humanitarian partners in northwest Syria, detailing practical**\n**minimum actions to ensure inclusion of persons with disabilities (in addition to the abovementioned**\n**\u2018must do actions\u2019),**\n\n - **sector specific checklists with practical recommendations based on findings of the report, and**\n\n - **a checklist which puts forward recommendations to donors.**\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7305912375450134, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "northwest Syria", - "confidence": 0.9171727895736694, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9660146236419678, - "start": 9, - "end": 12 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _Donors - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 Develop a holistic organisational **inclusion strategy** . Ensure the strategy addresses both the specific challenges and intersecting\n\nvulnerabilities experienced by persons with disabilities, with specific regard to gender and age, ensuring that barriers to participation\nare mitigated and the rights of persons with disabilities are upheld throughout all organisational actions. Ensure that implementing\npartner\u2019s address inclusion in their strategy and activities.\n\n\u2713 **Promote the rights of persons with disabilities through all actions**, ensuring that partners adhere to clear standards, guidelines\n\nand indicators which ensure persons with disabilities are consulted, included and their participation is monitored throughout the project\ncycle. This includes encouraging partners to develop results monitoring and evaluation frameworks to measure the extent to which the\nrights of persons with disabilities are upheld and enable development of corrective actions.\n\n\u2713 Allocate sustainable and adequate **funding for inclusion integration and mainstreaming** in the response to address the needs of\n\npersons with disabilities. Funding should support system reform to better align the response with the IASC Guidelines on Inclusion of\nPersons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action. This includes integration of enabling actions to identify specific needs of individuals\nat the service level and provide individualised supports to mitigate barriers to participation such as assistive devices and transport\nallowances for the individual and their care giver.\n\n\u2713 Ensure **specialised services** for all persons with disabilities, across all age ranges, such as functional rehabilitation, the provision of\n\nassistive devices and MHPSS services are made available and sustained.\n\n\u2713 Ensure **children, youth and older persons with disabilities** are not overlooked and are able to access urgent services on an equal\n\nbasis with others, through promoting an inclusive humanitarian response.\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _All sectors/actors - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to IASC \u2018must do_\n\n_**actions\u2019**_\n\u2713 Organisations and clusters should complete a **barriers and facilitators assessment** in the communities in which they operate. This\n\nassessment should inform specific actions taken, which are in line with the barriers and facilitators reported by persons with disabilities.\n\n\u2713 **Develop a programme specific as well as organizational inclusion strategy** to overcome barriers and build on facilitators, _inter_\n\n_alia_ those identified in the barriers and facilitators assessment.\n\n\n\u2713 **Mitigate negative attitudes and misconceptions** amongst humanitarian staff by ensuring that staff are sensitized to the human rights\n\napproach to disability in humanitarian action, the rights of persons with disabilities and common barriers to participation in services,\nincluding the consequences of these, should they not be mitigated.\n\n\u2713 Ensure staff have the **skills to include persons with disabilities**, by providing training on the identification of persons with disabilities,\n\nhow to utilise diverse communication methods and how to meet their specific needs, including the ability to make referrals to other\nservices where indicated.\n\n\u2713 Assign an inclusion **focal point** within each project and/or office. This staff member would be responsible for ensuring accessibility\n\nand inclusion, engagement with- and empowerment of persons with disabilities, project monitoring and evaluation with an inclusion\nlens, etc.\n\n\u2713 The use of sign language is uncommon among communities in northwest Syria and therefore, consult with communities to ensure\n\ncontextually appropriate **diverse communication** alternatives are available. At a minimum, ensure augmentative and alternative\ncommunication devices (AACs) [iii] are available to support people who are non-verbal to enable basic interactions with staff, including\nthe ability to provide informed consent.\n\n\u2713 Ensure physical facilities are designed in line with the principles of **universal design** drawing on the International Organisation for\n\nStandardization (ISO) standards. [20] Where this is not possible from the outset, consult an experienced engineer in consultation with an\ninclusion professional, whom have strong experience in environmental adaptations for people with diverse abilities, to explore where\ntemporary measures may be taken to promote physical access to facilities, such as portable ramps, grab rails, commodes [iv] and \u2018over\nthe toilet frames\u2019. [v] Provide safe lighting and accessible signage in all environments.\n\n\u2713 Consider **accessible transport options** and, where applicable, the provision of transport allowances for the individual and their care\n\ngiver, in cases where financial barriers limit access.\n\n\u2713 Advocate to local authorities for the improvement of **public transport** availability and coordination, and for the improvement in **road**\n\n**and pathway quality** to enable safe access; use of the existing VIP lanes for persons with disabilities who require urgent access to\nservices should be considered, ensuring protection mechanisms are put in place.\n\n\n20\nISO (2020). Building Construction: Accessibility and useability of the built environment guidelines. Can be downloaded from:\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/stima/inclusion-technical-working-group](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/stima/inclusion-technical-working-group)\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u2713 **Promote the rights of persons with disabilities in the communities** in which you work through awareness raising campaigns,\n\nengaging, prominent community figures and persons with disabilities themselves, to reduce the stigma and discrimination faced by\npersons with disabilities and promote equal participation.\n\n\u2713 Ensure measures are in place to ensure that all staff collecting testimonials, pictures and videos are doing so without violating peoples\u2019\n\nright to **informed consent** . Organisational policy and protocols for protection of this kind, should be aligned with relevant resources,\nsuch as UNICEF\u2019s guidelines for journalists reporting on children (and others).\n\n\u2713 Ensure all **complaints and feedback mechanisms are known, understood and accessible for persons with disabilities** and that\n\nfollow up and feedback to the individual/family is completed.\n\n\n\u2713 Ensure **disaggregated monitoring and evaluation** of projects, specifically measuring access for persons with disabilities through\n\nboth quantitative and qualitative monitoring and evaluation.\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _Protection - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 Protection programs should help to facilitate the meaningful participation of persons with disabilities in all process related to decisions which\n\nimpact their lives while in displacement. Such meaningful engagement would contribute to understand better the needs and capacities and\naccordingly ensure evidence-based planning for interventions. Protection programs should also strive to empower persons with disabilities\nand their communities to identify community based sustainable solutions for deep rooted social issues.\n\n\u2713 Develop outreach activities, including community-based outreach, to reach individuals who are isolated in their place of residence.\n\n\n\u2713 Include case studies and discussions of disability in core trainings for protection staff, community outreach staff, protection focal points and\n\nprotection committees.\n\n\u2713 Monitor and report on violations of the rights of persons with disabilities. Include targeted violence, forced medical treatment, disability\nrelated discrimination and barriers to accessing protection services.\n\n\u2713 Integrate and mainstream content about persons with disabilities in core GBV training packages. Add case studies and discussions of\n\ndisability to practitioner training and community awareness-raising materials.\n\n\u2713 Women with disabilities may need access to flexible and diverse menstrual hygiene management materials. Adapt menstrual hygiene\n\nmaterials to meet their requirements. Consider supplying absorbent cotton pads, disposable or reusable sanitary pads, underwear, soap, a\ndedicated storage container with lid, and rope and pegs for drying.\n\n\u2713 Ensure the protection of persons with disabilities when using facilities from sexual exploitation and abuse by ensuring protection\n\nmechanisms are put in place with specific consideration of the needs of girls, boys, women and men with disabilities.\n\n\u2713 Identify mentors with disabilities. Encourage mentors to use their leadership, skills and capacities to counter negative attitudes to disability\n\nand provide peer support. Consider introducing a buddy system for adolescents and youth with and without disabilities.\n\n\u2713 Consider promoting a community support person/care giver program. Where people in the community (including persons with disabilities\n\nwho are independent) are provided basic training on supporting persons with various functional difficulties to engage with their ADLs and\nthese care givers are compensated for their time though contextually relevant means. This support could include, accompanying a person\nwith disabilities on public transport, supporting their food access or personal care activities. This would enhance access and independence\nfor persons who do not have a care giver/support person available to them and could relieve carer stress for care givers who may be\noverloaded with tasks in the context of other household roles.\n\n\u2713 Promote the inclusion of persons with disabilities and monitor their participation by assembling community committees which include female\n\nand males with various difficulties, including visual, hearing, communication, intellectual and/or cognitive and mobility difficulties.\nRecognising the evolving capacities of children and youth with disabilities, where possible and safe, include children and youths with\ndisabilities and their care givers to ensure representation in these mechanisms. These committees can participate in monitoring of the rights\nof persons with disabilities, their concerns and raise complaints and feedback to camp management.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _WASH - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 In line with the Sphere Standards (2018) which state that actors should \u2018consider access and use by age, sex and disability; people facing\n\nmobility barriers; people living with HIV; people with incontinence; and sexual or gender minorities; and should also \u2018locate any communal\ntoilets close enough to households to enable safe access, and distant enough so that households are not stigmatised by proximity to\ntoilets\u2019. [21] Ensure water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are located within 25 metres of persons with significant functional difficulty and that\nat least 1 toilet in every 5, and 1 bathing facility in every 5 are designed in alignment with the universal design principles. This includes, at\na minimum, ramp access, wide doorways (>90cm), adequate circulation space inside the facility, safe seating, and grab rails.\n\n\u2713 Where universal design is not possible from the outset, consider temporary, locally sourced methods to enhance accessibility of toileting\n\nand bathing facilities such as installation of grab rails, portable ramps, portable shower chairs and \u2018over the toilet frames\u2019 to support function\nand reduce the risk of harm (such as falls) during self- care activities.\nAn engineer in consultation with an inclusion professional who have strong experience in environmental adaptations should be consulted\nprior to the implementation of any temporary measures to ensure the safety of interventions and avoid causing harm.\n\n\u2713 Consider the distribution of commodes (portable toilets) and bed pans for people who cannot reach or use toileting facilities\n\n\n\u2713 Consider the viability of training a smaller group of senior staff on basic environmental adaptations of WASH facilities and include persons\n\nwith disabilities in this as experts.\n\n\u2713 Identify the best distribution modalities for persons with disabilities. Options include accessible distribution sites, door-to-door delivery, a\n\nbuddy system with other beneficiaries, sponsored transport, priority lines, etc.\n\n\u2713 Provide additional hygiene supplies such as wet wipes, adult diapers, extra clothes, absorbent cotton material, disposable or reusable pads,\n\nwashable leakproof mattress protector, second bucket, additional soap and moisturising lotion for persons with difficulties toileting and who\nare at risk of skin deterioration in their current dwelling.\n\n\u2713 Women with disabilities may need access to flexible and diverse menstrual hygiene management materials. Adapt menstrual hygiene\n\nmaterials to meet their requirements. Consider supplying absorbent cotton pads, disposable or reusable sanitary pads, underwear, soap, a\ndedicated storage container with lid, and rope and pegs for drying.\n\n\u2713 Ensure the protection of persons with disabilities when using facilities from sexual exploitation and abuse by ensuring protection mechanisms\n\nare put in place with specific consideration of the needs of girls, boys, women and men with disabilities.\n\n\n21 SPHERE (2018). The SPHERE handbook, 2018\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _Shelter and NFI - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 Identify the best distribution modalities for persons with disabilities. Options include accessible distribution sites, door-to-door delivery, a\n\nbuddy system with other beneficiaries, sponsored transport, priority lines, etc.\n\n\u2713 Provide additional hygiene supplies such as wet wipes, adult diapers, extra clothes, absorbent cotton material, disposable or reusable pads,\n\nwashable leakproof mattress protector, second bucket, additional soap and moisturising lotion for persons with difficulties toileting and who\nare at risk of skin deterioration in their current dwelling.\n\n\u2713 Women with disabilities may need access to flexible and diverse menstrual hygiene management materials. Adapt menstrual hygiene\n\nmaterials to meet their requirement. Consider supplying absorbent cotton pads, disposable or reusable sanitary pads, underwear, soap, a\ndedicated storage container with lid, and rope and pegs for drying.\n\n\u2713 Explore local solutions to reduce sleep difficulties, such as cots or mattresses on a locally built frame for persons with difficulties moving\n\nfrom the floor to standing/wheelchair and for persons who have health conditions impacted by sleeping at ground level.\n\n\u2713 Ensure that living space is accessible for persons with disabilities and those living with them. Persons with disabilities, particularly those\n\nwith intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, may need additional space.\n\n\u2713 Ensure that camp design does not create accessibility barriers for persons with disabilities and promotes participation without increasing\n\nstigma. Consider width of walkways, ground surfaces and visual and communication cues and consult persons with disabilities for guidance\non these issues.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _CCCM, includes site planning - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 In line with the Sphere Standards (2018) which state that actors should \u2018consider access and use by age, sex and disability; people facing\n\nmobility barriers; people living with HIV; people with incontinence; and sexual or gender minorities; and should also \u2018locate any communal\ntoilets close enough to households to enable safe access, and distant enough so that households are not stigmatised by proximity to\ntoilets\u2019. [22] Ensure water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are located within 25 metres of persons with significant functional difficulty and that\nat least 1 toilet in every 5, and 1 bathing facility in every 5 are designed in alignment with the universal design principles. This includes, at\na minimum, ramp access, wide doorways (>90cm), circulation space inside the facility, safe seating, and grab rails.\n\n\u2713 Where universal design is not possible from the outset, consider temporary, locally sourced methods to enhance accessibility of facilities\n\nsuch as installation of grab rails, portable ramps, portable shower chairs and \u2018over the toilet frames\u2019 to support function and reduce the risk\nof harm (such as falls) during self- care activities.\nAn engineer in consultation with an inclusion professional who have strong experience in environmental adaptations should be consulted\nprior to the implementation of any temporary measures to ensure the safety of interventions and avoid causing harm.\n\n\u2713 Ensure that living space is accessible for persons with disabilities and those living with them. Persons with disabilities, particularly those\n\nwith intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, may need additional space.\n\n\u2713 Ensure that camp design does not create accessibility barriers for persons with disabilities and promotes participation without increasing\n\nstigma. Consider width of walkways, ground surfaces and visual and communication cues.\n\n\u2713 Explore local solutions to reduce sleep difficulties, such as cots or mattresses on a locally built frame for persons with difficulties moving\n\nfrom the floor to standing/wheelchair and for persons who have health conditions impacted by sleeping at ground level.\n\n\u2713 Ensure the protection of persons with disabilities when using facilities from sexual exploitation and abuse by ensuring protection mechanisms\n\nare put in place with specific consideration of the needs of girls, boys, women and men with disabilities.\n\n\u2713 Promote the inclusion of persons with disabilities and monitor their participation by assembling community committees which include female\n\nand males with various difficulties, including visual, hearing, communication, intellectual and/or cognitive and mobility difficulties.\nRecognising the evolving capacities of children and youth with disabilities, where possible and safe, include children and youths with\ndisabilities and their care givers to ensure representation in these mechanisms. These committees can participate in monitoring of the rights\nof persons with disabilities, their concerns and raise complaints and feedback to camp management.\n\n\n22 SPHERE (2018). The SPHERE handbook, 2018\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _Health - key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 When ill with COVID19, persons with disabilities may face additional barriers in seeking health care and also experience discrimination and\n\nnegligence by health care personnel. Therefore, persons with disabilities in need of health services due to COVID-19 should not be\ndeprioritized or denied treatment on the basis of disability. [23]\n\n\u2713 Informed consent to health care and other services should always be obtained from all persons with disabilities regardless of the type of\n\nimpairment. Various communication methods should be utilised to enable this.\n\n\u2713 Persons with disabilities should be enabled to exercise maximum participation in decision making and their treatment and should be\n\nsupported to communicate their needs while under treatment on an equal basis with others.\n\n\u2713 All rehabilitation actors specifically, should ensure the availability of functional rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities that takes\n\na holistic approach to rehabilitation in line with the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO,\n2001). [24] This includes promoting functional independence in all personal, domestic and community activities of daily living through therapy,\nincluding assistive device provision.\n\n\u2713 All rehabilitation actors should consider the functional difficulties of persons with disabilities in their home residence and address these\n\nduring the therapeutic process, such as bathing, toileting, functional transfers (toilet, bed, chair), feeding and contextualised community\nmobility.\n\n\u2713 Consider at a minimum, training for key staff in core Occupational Therapy assessment and intervention skills to promote the functional\n\napproach to rehabilitation and reduce the risk of functional decline and the onset of secondary health conditions, post discharge.\n\n\u2713 All rehabilitation actors should consider expanding the assistive devices available to support activities that are not mobility related, such as\n\nbuilt up cutlery and plate guards to promote independent feeding, and dressing aids to reduce dependence on a care giver and to promote\nbetter self-esteem. Accessories to support the use of specific devices e.g. pressure mattresses should also be provided and powered\nappropriately, using solar panels to ensure sustainability.\n\n\u2713 Consider the distribution of commodes (portable toilets) and bed pans for people who cannot reach or use toileting facilities\n\n\n\u2713 Explore local solutions to reduce sleep difficulties, such as cots or mattresses on a locally built frame for persons with difficulties moving\n\nfrom the floor to standing/wheelchair and for persons who have health conditions impacted by sleeping at ground level.\n\n\u2713 Ensure referrals of persons with disabilities to required services such as (but not limited to) MHPSS, child protection case management and\n\nGBV services. Promote ongoing coordination with relevant protection actors to ensure holistic management and diverse needs are met.\n\n\n23 Syria Protection Cluster (Turkey) (2020). A brief guidance note: A disability inclusive COVID-19 response\n[24 WHO (2001). International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/4 2407/9241545429.pdf](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/4%202407/9241545429.pdf)\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _Food security and Nutrition \u2013 key recommendations on inclusion Relates to \u2018must do actions\u2019_\n\n\u2713 Consider assisted eating and dietary requirements, and the nutritional quality of foods, including processed foods (proteins and other\n\nnutrients).\n\n\u2713 Identify the types of food required (such as liquid foods) and adapt the size and format of food packages accordingly.\n\n\n\u2713 Explore the viability of providing food processors, which can be powered by solar panels, and are available in northwest Syria to enable\n\nindividuals to alter the texture of food themselves.\n\n\u2713 Develop a community approach. Identify staff and where possible, community members, who will support persons with disabilities to access\n\nfood rations (on site and via outreach). Provide reasonable accommodations [vi] ; include assistance with transport, and childcare for parents\nof children with disabilities and for parents with disabilities.\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Annex A. \u2013 Detailed methodology**\n\n_Description of the methodology_\nIn order to collect the necessary data, key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted over the phone in Arabic by\nhumanitarian staff who have a background in disability and inclusion. For those who have hearing and communication\ndifficulties, a support person was present to support the interaction over the phone and often video call was used.\n\n\nThe KII\u2019s were conducted during the time of severe restrictions on movements to staff and beneficiaries due to COVID19 related safety measures. A mixed purposive sampling method [vii] (a mixture of typical case sampling and criterion\nsampling [viii] ) was utilised to select participants by drawing on recent health service databases. Inclusion criterion for\nparticipants was defined as having significant functional difficulty with one or more areas of daily functioning congruent\nwith the Washington Group short set domains of functioning which are: communication, hearing, cognition, self-care,\nmobility and vision. Researchers aimed to ensure a diverse and consistent age, difficulty type and gender spread\namongst participants in order to understand how the intersectionality of these, impacts experiences in this setting. Once\na list of 100 potential participants was identified, staff began to call participants, explain the purpose of the research and\ngain consent to be interviewed. As a result of this process, 71 people (accompanied by care givers where relevant)\nconsented to be interviewed and their responses were captured and analysed.\n\n\n_Analysis framework_\nIt is understood that for persons with disabilities common barriers exist which can impede engagement in essential\nactivities, particularly in humanitarian contexts. These include attitudinal barriers, physical environmental barriers and\ninstitutional barriers.\n\n\nPersons with disabilities therefore are faced with increased difficulties in carrying out their Activities of Daily living\n(ADLS). ADLs describe both basic and complex activities that humans typically participate in to function and engage\nwith their environments. These include, self-care/personal activities of daily living (PADLs), domestic activities of daily\nliving (DADLs) and community activities of daily living (CADLs). PADLs include, toileting, bathing, dressing, grooming,\neating/feeding and sleeping; DADLs include, food preparation, home environment maintenance and others; and CADLs\ninclude, using public/private transport, securing supplies and engagement with the community. Barriers to engagement\nin these ADLs individually and combined, can either facilitate or impede on persons with disabilities\u2019 access and\nparticipation in humanitarian distributions and services.\n\n\nThe Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) was used as an analytical framework\nto conduct a thematic analysis of the translated KII scripts. Where it was most useful and possible to do so, key themed\nresponses were also quantified for later practical application. The CMOP-E is an occupational performance framework\ndesigned to understand the contributing factors which influence how an individual performs daily activities. [25] This\nframework enabled researchers to understand the barriers persons with disabilities living in northwest Syria experience\nwhen engaging in their Activities of daily living (ADLs) in line with the UNCRPD aligned, human rights model of disability\nand consequently the barriers they experience within the humanitarian response. [26]\n\n\n_Consent procedures_\nAll participants were beneficiaries of humanitarian health services in the northwest of Syria. All beneficiaries who were\nshort listed for potential inclusion in the study had previously consented to being contacted by the implementing\norganisation by phone. Given the physical movement and social distancing restrictions in place at the time, face to face\nconsent procedures and signing of consent forms was not possible. Therefore, the right to refuse to participate in the\nKII, the right to withdraw from the KII at any time without consequences and the right to complete confidentiality and\nanonymity was explained and agreed on over the phone.\n\n\n_Limitations_\nBest practice in qualitative research indicates that KII\u2019s are conducted face to face in order to be able to gauge body\nlanguage which further contextualises the participants\u2019 responses. Therefore, the inability to conduct KII\u2019s face to face\nwas a major limitation and has likely impacted the rigor (validity and reliability) of the data. Further to this, for people\nwith hearing and communication difficulties, although they were supported to participate, due to practical limitations, it\u2019s\npossible that their full views were not captured.\n\n\n25 Townsend, E., & Polatajko, H. (2007). Enabling occupation II: Advancing an occupational therapy vision for health, well-being, & justice through occupation.\nOttawa: CAOT Publishers.\n26 Ibid\n\n24\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.8151776790618896, - "start": 24, - "end": 27 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.7806318998336792, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "health service databases", - "confidence": 0.7654154300689697, - "start": 133, - "end": 136 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "participants", - "confidence": 0.8673856258392334, - "start": 128, - "end": 129 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Washington Group short set", - "confidence": 0.7389273047447205, - "start": 159, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "translated KII scripts", - "confidence": 0.8039908409118652, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9794106483459473, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Additionally, the lead researcher was unable to conduct the KII\u2019s directly, due to the fact that this person does not speak\nArabic. Staff who conducted the interviews, although fluent in Arabic and possessing a background in disability and\ninclusion, are not experts in conducting KII\u2019s and therefore this may also have impacted the rigor of the data. Further,\nthe need for the transcripts to be translated from Arabic into English, again, means that the quality of the data may have\nbeen somewhat compromised.\n\nFinally, the fact that KII\u2019s were administered by humanitarian staff may have impacted the quality of answers, particularly\nwith regards to questions related to barriers to engagement with humanitarian organisations, as respondents may not\nhave felt as they could be totally honest on these topics due to fear of judgment or reprisal, despite assurances that\nthere was no danger of this.\n\n\ni Barriers are factors in a person\u2019s environment that hamper participation and create disability. For persons with disabilities, they\nlimit access to and inclusion in society. Barriers may be attitudinal, environmental or institutional.\n\n - Attitudinal barriers are negative attitudes that may be rooted in cultural or religious beliefs, hatred, unequal distribution\nof power, discrimination, prejudice, ignorance, stigma and bias, among other reasons. Family members or people in the\nclose network of persons with disabilities may also face \u2018discrimination by association\u2019. Attitudinal barriers are at the\nroot of discrimination and exclusion.\n\n - Environmental barriers include physical obstacles in the natural or built environment that \u201cprevent access and affect\nopportunities for participation\u201d, and inaccessible communication systems. The latter do not allow persons with\ndisabilities to access information or knowledge and thereby restrict their opportunities to participate. Lack of services or\nproblems with service delivery are also environmental barriers.\n\n - Institutional barriers include laws, policies, strategies or institutionalized practices that discriminate against persons with\ndisabilities or prevent them from participating in society.\nii Universal design is the design of buildings, products or environments to make them accessible to all people, regardless of age,\ndisability or other factors.\niii AAC: There are two types of aided systems\u2014basic and high-tech. A pen and paper is a basic aided system. Pointing to letters,\nwords, or pictures on a board is a basic aided system. Touching letters or pictures on a computer screen that speaks for you is\na high-tech aided system.\niv A portable commode chair is a portable toilet that can be transported from one place to another. The portable commode chair\nis lightweight and relatively easy to move around.\nv An over toilet frame is a useful aid which makes getting on and off the toilet both easier and safer. It provides a raised toilet seat\nheight and armrests which are an alternative to rails. The over toilet frame has four legs of adjustable height, a plastic toilet seat\nand two armrests.\nvi \u201cReasonable accommodation\u201d means necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate\nor undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal\nbasis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;\nvii The main objective of a purposive sample is to identify and select information rich cases related to the phenomenon of interest\nwhich in qualitative research, implies the best methodology to accurately describe experiences of a group.\nviii Criterion sampling involves the identification of particular criterion of importance, articulation of these criterion, and systematic\nreview and study of cases that meet the criterion.\n\n\n25\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Criterion sampling", - "confidence": 0.5088173747062683, - "start": 631, - "end": 633 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16afed7b-e313-38b3-b009-1d10046d3df9/protection_cluster_syria_turkey_self-reported_barriers_persons_with_disabilities_final_29112020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_885/raw/doc_885_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_885/raw/doc_885_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 69dfc9a1cd826bb079ee5647038b372f09bd7396..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_885/raw/doc_885_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **CIMP special report, June 12**\n# **Protection Forecast** **Al-Hudaydah**\n\n**It is widely anticipated that a military push to capture Al-Hudaydah city will be initiated in the short to**\n**medium term.**\n\n**Negotiations are ongoing but currently not the most likely scenario, which instead is an intensification in**\n**armed conflict. In the short term, this is likely in the form of air raids and naval shelling, potentially including**\n\n**on vital infrastructure and non-military targets.**\n\n**As airstrikes in urban areas generate significantly higher civilian casualties on average than airstrikes in rural**\n\n**areas, heavy airstrikes on Al-Hudaydah city would likely see significant civilian casualties.**\n\n**Clashes and heavy airstrikes are anticipated to take place on the main road running through Hays, Al-Garrahi**\n\n**and Zabid, as well as roads to the east of Al-Hudaydah city. These are areas with a high population**\n\n**concentration, and therefore the civilian impact is expected to increase.**\n\n**Attempts at cutting off main routes to Al-Huydaydah city would also generate significant civilian impact by**\n\n**restricting civilians from fleeing violence and by hindering vital supplies from reaching the city.**\n\n**Vessels would likely be deterred from entering the port during an assault, both related to risks associated**\n**with any fighting in the city and to off loaded goods not being able to leave the city.**\n\n**Should the offensive reach Al-Hudaydah city, the impact on the population from urban warfare would be**\n\n**severe and civilians in impacted areas would likely be trapped inside their homes, with limited options of**\n**fleeing violence or relocating to safer areas.**\n\n**Coastal and southern areas are heavily mined, and further planting of landmines around Al-Hudaydah city**\n**and along the main road in southern districts would generate a long-term civilian impact.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb923ff2-9fd8-354f-8ab0-58cc8d454269/protection_forecast_al-hudaydah.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Hudaydah airport.\n\n\nHays.\n\n\nHudaydah take place.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb923ff2-9fd8-354f-8ab0-58cc8d454269/protection_forecast_al-hudaydah.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Civilian Impact Incidents, Casualties and Vulnerability**\n\n\n\n\n\nCivilian impact\nincidents\n\nFatalities\n\nChildren / Women\n\nInjured\n\nChildren / Women\n\n\n### **192** **366** **55/47** **228** **27/19**\n\n\n\n**Psychosocial trauma**\n**incidents**\n\n**Incidents with**\n**vulnerability**\n\n**Children & Women**\n\n**Children/Women/IDPs**\n\n\n### **155** **125** **103** **10/11/1**\n\n\n#### **1.2. Civilian Impact December-May**\n\nSince the offensive in southern Al-Hudaydah started in December 2017, armed violence impacting on farms and local businesses in AlHudaydah has generated significant loss of livelihood for local communities. 480 households in Al-Hudaydah lost livelihood as a direct\nresult of armed violence damaging and destroying critical sources of income in agricultural and fishing communities.\n\nAnother consequence of the armed violence was displacement (87 households) as a result of damage or destruction of civilian homes. In\naddition to the displacement recorded by CIMP from incidents of armed violence directly impacting on civilian homes, a large number of\npeople were also displaced as a result of general fighting and landmines pushing them out of the areas they were living in.\n\nAnother trend that emerged was targeting of main roads, civilian vehicles, and fuel stations. The majority of these incidents took place along\nthe main north/south road running from Al-Khawkhah through central districts to Al-Hudaydah city. Health, water infrastructure and aid\nwere also impacted, with 455,571 households experiencing restricted access to basic services and 15,630 households experiencing\nrestricted access to basic needs (food/water infrastructure).\n\nAirstrikes constituted 75% of civilian impact, with shelling 11%, armed clashes 5%, landmines 4%, IEDs 2%, exposure to UXOs 2%, use of SAF\n0.5% and deployment of troops 0.5%.\n\nThe civilian impact was largely concentrated in southern districts, with 72% of incidents occurring in southern districts where the military\noffensive had been concentrated for most of the last six months: Hays (44 incidents), Al-Tuhayat (31), Al-Garrahi (28), Al-Khawkhah (18),\nZabid (14) and Jabal Ras (3).\n\n#### **Distribution of civilian impact incidents Dec 1- May 31**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA high number of incidents impacted on farms (57), as these\nwere frequently targeted by airstrikes. Further impacting on\nthe economic infrastructure in Al-Hudaydah were incidents\nimpacting on markets (6) and local businesses (13), including\nfactories and fishing boats.\n\nHouses were also damaged by arrmed violence in 30 incidents,\ngenerating displacement.\n\nThe targeting of main roads (10) and civilian vehicles (17), in\naddition to fuel stations (2) was another trend that emerged in\nthe governorate, mainly targeting supply lines to the\nfrontlines.\n\nHealth, water infrastructure and aid were also frequently hit\n(10 incidents), with the whole population of the governorate\npotentially impacted as critical sites were damaged.\n#### **3**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb923ff2-9fd8-354f-8ab0-58cc8d454269/protection_forecast_al-hudaydah.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Al-Hudaydah**\n#### **1.3. Protection forecast**\n\nIt is widely anticipated that a military push to capture Al-Hudaydah city will be initiated in the short to medium term, though there\n\nis still a small window of opportunity for political negotiations to put a military escalation on hold while the parties discuss a\npolitical solution. However, negotiations are not the most likely scenario, which instead is an intensification in armed conflict. In the\nshort term, this is likely in the form of air raids and naval shelling, potentially including on vital infrastructure and non-military\ntargets. This would include targeting of main roads, fuel stations, governmental compounds, factories, educational institutions and\n\npotentially hotels within the city.\n\nAs airstrikes in urban areas generate significantly higher civilian casualties on average than airstrikes in rural areas (e.g. an average\n\nof 7.5 civilian casualties per airstrike with a recorded civilian impact in Sana\u2019a capital over the past six months, compared to an\naverage of 3 casualties per airstrike in Al-Hudaydah), heavy airstrikes on Al-Hudaydah city would likely see significant civilian\ncasualties.\n\nFor the ground offensive to successfully advance on the city it will first need to secure southern supply routes, including in-land\n\nroutes, especially the main road running through Hays, Al-Garrahi and Zabid, as well as cutting off roads used by the other side to\n\nthe east of Al-Hudaydah city. Clashes and heavy airstrikes are therefore anticipated to take place in these areas, preceding an\n\nadvance on the city. These are also areas with a higher population concentration than along the coastal road, and therefore the\ncivilian impact is expected to increase, especially the impact on farms, houses, main roads, fuel stations and other infrastructure\n\nsites, and potentially also on markets and other local businesses.\n\nAttempts at cutting off main routes to Al-Huydaydah city would also generate significant civilian impact: first, by restricting\n\ncivilians from fleeing violence, and second, by hindering vital supplies from reaching the city. There would also, inevitably, be an\nimpact on the port, with armed violence in the city\u2019s environs limiting the onward transport of goods arriving at the port.\n\n\nAs the stated strategic goal of the offensive, and also one of the main civilian infrastructure sites not just in Al-Hudaydah, but for\nthe entire country, any impact on the port would be critical. Damage to the port cannot be ruled out, both through direct targeting\n\nand indirect fire. Vessels would likely be deterred from entering the port during an assault, both related to risks associated with any\n\nfighting in the city, but also as off loaded goods would not be able to leave the city. In recent weeks there has already been two\nincidents involving civilian vessels (a Turkish-flagged vessel carrying wheat and a WFP-chartered vessel) that may be an indication\nof the destabilisation of the waters off Al-Hudaydah, which, in turn, could deter maritime traffic, including critical humanitarian and\n\ncommercial imports. Impact on the port is also likely if an amphibious landing is initiated. Even if this does not necessarily involve\nthe port directly, it would put an immediate halt on all commercial and humanitarian traffic to the port.\n\n\nShould the offensive reach Al-Hudaydah city, the impact on the population from urban warfare would be severe and include\n\ndamage to civilian homes and restricted access of civilians to food, water, medical help and other basic services. Civilians in\nimpacted areas would likely be trapped inside their homes, with limited options of fleeing violence or relocating to safer areas.\n\n\nFinally, retreating forces have previously laid landmines to slow the advance of their opponents in the governorate, and the same\n\ntactic is likely to be deployed should an offensive on Al-Hudaydah city take place. Coastal and southern areas are already heavily\n\nmined, and further planting of landmines around Al-Hudaydah city and along the main road in southern districts would generate a\n\nlong-term civilian impact.\n\n#### **4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb923ff2-9fd8-354f-8ab0-58cc8d454269/protection_forecast_al-hudaydah.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_886/raw/doc_886_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_886/raw/doc_886_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 12fbbefd7fe61e316cee028e04c3545b89bb3987..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_886/raw/doc_886_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,257 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Comparative analysis of six months of protection monitoring in response to COVID-19**\n\n**October 2020**\n\nBeginning in April 2020, the National Protection Cluster (NPC) coordinated a **protection monitoring exercise at the**\n**community level** through Key Informant (KI) interviews to **measure the protection impact of the COVID-19 pandemic** on\nconflict-affected and displaced communities in Iraq. Round 6 **of data collection** took place from **30** **August to 20**\n**September 2020**, with **10 organizations** interviewing **3930 respondents** in **18** **governorates** and **135** **sub-districts** . [1]\nInterviews were conducted in IDP camps, informal sites and out-of-camp locations. This report analyses the main findings\nof Round 6 of monitoring, while offering a comparison of findings from Round 1 of monitoring (conducted from 26 April\nto 10 May) as means of identifying **key trends and patterns over the past six months** .\n\n**1.** **Measures and regulations**\n\n\n**Overall, levels of reporting regarding restrictions on freedom of movement reduced significantly between Round 1 and**\n**Round 6 of monitoring.** The proportion of respondents citing a ban on movements between governorates decreased from\n88% to 37%; from 68% to 23% for movements between districts; and from 48% to 16% for movement within districts. This\ndecrease is most likely due to the lifting of lockdowns and easing of COVID-19 related restrictions by authorities.\n\n**Levels of reporting regarding camp-specific restrictions on freedom of movement remain significant, though reporting**\n**decreased between Round 1 and Round 6 of monitoring** : 54% of respondents reported a ban on entry into or exit from\ncamps, but with exceptions being made (compared to 76% for the Round 1). 5% reported a bans being implemented\nwithout any exceptions (compared to 15%). A key improvement for Round 6 is that only 1% of respondents in camps\nreport facing restrictions to accessing markets, compared to 17% for Round 1. Reporting for respondents in out-of-camp\nlocations remained much higher at 37%, which was consistent throughout the six months of the monitoring period.\n\n**Signs of improvement concerning protection risks associated with the enforcement of COVID-19 related measures and**\n**regulations have been noted** . In particular, the proportion of respondents citing arrest and detention as a possible\nconsequence for breaching regulations reduced from 36% in Round 1 to 10% in Round 6. Security actors, such as the police\nand military, were also less often mentioned as being responsible for enforcing regulations, although they remained\nprominent: 62% of respondents cited the police and 26% cited the military for Round 6, compared to 84% and 42%\nrespectively for Round 1. However, reports about incidents related to the use of force, threat and coercion to enforce the\nregulations remained stable: 13% of respondents reported these issues involving security actors, compared to 9%\nreporting incidents involving family members and 5% for community members.\n\n\n**Perception that government-imposed regulations**\n**applied either more strictly or solely to IDPs and**\n**returnees did not significantly improve** during the\nreporting period and remained very common in camps.\n24% of respondents in camps reported this perception\nfor Round 6, in contrast to 3% in out of-camp\nlocations.).\n\n\n_Perception of respondents of how regulations are applied in camps_\n\n\n1 The organizations who participated in the 6th round of data collecting are Harikar, LCN, SWEDO, IRC, HAI, Intersos, DRC, IOM, NP and UNHCR.\nOrganizations who contributed to other rounds of data collection also include Dorcas and Yazda.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Round 6 of monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5443899631500244, - "start": 170, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7643268704414368, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8198023438453674, - "start": 259, - "end": 260 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65b047df-4308-3760-99c1-54954d2645a6/protection_monitoring_-_summary_of_findings_-_october_2020_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Protection**\n\n\n2.1. General Protection\n\n\nAs previously stated, **the majority of respondents reported that protection issues affecting communities have**\n**significantly or very significantly increased since the pandemic,** with the proportion of respondents slightly decreasing\nfrom 72% to 60% between Round 1 and Round 6. This trend applies equally among respondents in both camp and out-ofcamp locations. However, the proportion of respondents who reported the deterioration of the protection situation\nremained higher in camps (73% for Round 6) than in out-of-camp locations (57%).\n\n**Governorates with the highest proportion of respondents indicating a serious deterioration of protection issues**\n**affecting communities are located in Centre/South Iraq** (Anbar 74%, Kirkuk 70%, Salah al-Din 63% and Diyala 60%),\nfollowed by Ninewa (60%) and governorates in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I) (Erbil 58%, Dohuk 45% and Sulaymaniyah\n37%). The proportion of respondents reporting a worsening of the overall protection situation for communities increased\nin Diyala (from 47% to 60%) between Round 1 and Round 6 of monitoring, whereas it decreased in all other governorates.\n\n\nDespite a relative loosening of the COVID-19 related regulations (see section\n1), **restrictions on freedom of movement remained the most commonly**\n**reported protection issue affecting communities**, cited by 52% of\nrespondents overall for Round 6 compared to 67% for Round 1. The level of\nreporting for out-of-camp locations decreased from 67% to 49% between\nRound 1 and Round 6. In contrast, it remained stable and comparatively higher\nat 65% for camps as for Round 6.\n\n**Trauma, stress and anxiety remained the second most commonly reported**\n**protection issue affecting communities**, cited by 51% of respondents overall.\nIn contrast with other protection issues, for which the level of reporting\nrelatively decreased between Rounds 1 and 6 of monitoring, the level of\nreporting for psychosocial issues in camp actually increased from 49% to 61%\nduring the monitoring period. The level of reporting is also higher for persons\nwith disabilities, for whom 60% of respondents rank it as a main protection\nissue, compared to 51% for communities in general.\n\n**The lack of civil documentation remained the third most commonly reported**\n**protection issue**, cited by 24% of respondents overall. The level of reporting on this issue did not evolve significantly during\nthe monitoring period. The proportion of respondents reporting lack of civil documentation as a key issue remains double\nin camps (41% for Round 6) compared to out-of-camps locations (20%).\n\nDespite efforts by government and humanitarian actors to respond to the pandemic, **lack of access to health care remains**\n**the fourth most commonly reported protection issue**, cited by 22% of respondents overall. The proportion of respondents\nreporting this issue in out-of-camp locations decreased from 27% to 19%, while it increased from 23% to 30% in camps.\nLack of access to health care is reported at a much higher level in relation to persons with disabilities, with 63% of\nrespondents in camps and 42% of respondents overall citing it as a main protection issue.\n\n**Social conflicts and tensions remained the fifth most commonly reported protection issue**, cited by 12% of respondents\noverall. Reports almost double in camps (18%), compared to out-of-camp locations (10%).\n\n**A concerning trend is an increase in reporting of issues related to forced labor and economic exploitation**, cited by 9%\nof respondents overall for Round 6 of monitoring compared to 5% for Round 1. This proportion is also much higher in outof-camp locations (11%) than in camps (4%). Although no conclusion can be drawn with certainty, the trend may indicate\nthat the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic is resulting in households being increasingly compelled to accept\nexploitative forms of labour as a mean of income.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring", - "confidence": 0.7292142510414124, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.758261501789093, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring", - "confidence": 0.603704571723938, - "start": 719, - "end": 720 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.5183378458023071, - "start": 772, - "end": 773 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65b047df-4308-3760-99c1-54954d2645a6/protection_monitoring_-_summary_of_findings_-_october_2020_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2.2. Gender-Based Violence\n\n**The majority of respondents reported that protection**\n**issues affecting women and girls have significantly or very**\n**significantly increased since the beginning of the pandemic** .\nHowever, the proportion of respondents who reported so\nslightly decreased from 64% to 57% between Round 1 and\nRound 6. Out-of-camp locations saw a decrease from 62% to\n54%; in contrast, a stable and much higher proportion (70%\nfor Round 6) was reported among respondents in camps.\n\n**The governorates with the highest proportion of**\n**respondents indicating a deterioration of protection issues affecting women and girls are in Centre-South Iraq**, including\nAnbar (78%), Kirkuk (74%) and Diyala (65%), followed by Ninewa (60%), Salah al-Din (55%) and governorates in the KR-I\n(Erbil 51%, Sulaymaniyah 46% and Dohuk 38%). Between Round 1 and Round 6, the proportion of respondents reporting\na worsening of the protection situation for women and girls only increased in Kirkuk (from 64% to 74%) and Diyala (from\n40% to 65%), whereas reports decreased in other governorates.\n\n**Issues of trauma, stress and anxiety affecting women and girls also increased during the monitoring period**, cited by\n62% of respondents for Round 1 and 71% for Round 6. This trend applies to both camp and out-of-camp locations.\n\n**The lack of specialized services for women remained the second most commonly reported protection issue affecting**\n**women and girls**, cited by 41% of respondents overall. The level of reporting for this issue did not evolve significantly\nthroughout the entire monitoring period and remained higher in camps (49%) than in out-of-camp locations (40%). In\naddition, **lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services is reported as the fourth most common protection**\n**issue affecting women and girls**, cited by 23% of respondents overall. Of particular concern, the proportion of respondents\nin camps reporting this issue increased from 7% to 34% between Round 1 and Round 6.\n\n**The lack of safe space and privacy remains the third main protection issue affecting women and girls**, cited by 38% of\nrespondents overall. This proportion is similar in camp and out-of-camps locations and did not significantly evolve\nthroughout the monitoring period.\n\n**Violence and abuse within the household is the fifth most commonly reported issue**, cited by 18% of respondents overall\nand at similar levels in camp and out-of-camp locations. It is worth nothing that the level of reporting for Round 6 was\nlower than for Round 1, where it was cited by 27% of respondents. However, given complexity and sensitivities of domestic\nviolence, as well as various methodological limitations, this trend should not be interpreted as definitive indication that\ndomestic violence has actually reduced. [2]\n\n2.3. Child Protection\n\n\n**Similarly, the majority of respondents reported that protection issues affecting children have significantly or very**\n**significantly increased since the pandemic** . However, the proportion of respondents who reported so slightly decreased\nfrom 77% to 64% between Round 1 and Round 6. The proportion of respondents reporting such deterioration remains\nhigher in camps (74%) than in out-of-camp locations (61%).\n\n**Governorates with the highest proportion of respondents indicating a deterioration of protection issues affecting**\n**children are in Centre-South Iraq** including Kirkuk (85%), Anbar (81%) and Salah al-Din, (72%) followed by Ninewa (68%),\nDiyala (60%) and the governorates in the KR-I (Erbil 58%, Sulaymaniyah 43% and Dohuk 38%). Between Round 1 and Round\n6, the proportion of respondents reporting a worsening of the protection situation for children increased only in Kirkuk\n(from 76% to 85%) and in Diyala (from 33% to 60%), whereas it relatively decreased in all the other governorates.\n\n\n2 Protection monitoring at the community level only collects information about the perceptions and experiences of Key Informants and, unlike other\ndata collection mechanism such as the GBVIMS, does not collect reliable actual incidents of gender-based violence. With only 19% of KIs consisting\nof women, there is a significant limit to the effective representation of women\u2019s experiences in the results of the monitoring.\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring period", - "confidence": 0.6679694056510925, - "start": 335, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9481662511825562, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8520396947860718, - "start": 792, - "end": 794 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.8863118290901184, - "start": 614, - "end": 615 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65b047df-4308-3760-99c1-54954d2645a6/protection_monitoring_-_summary_of_findings_-_october_2020_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Lack of access to education remained the most commonly**\n**reported protection issue affecting children**, cited by 73% of\nrespondents overall compared to 83% for Round 1. The level of\nreporting is identical in both camp and out-of-camp locations.\n\n**Stress, trauma and anxiety remains the second most**\n**commonly reported issues affecting children**, cited by 53% of\nrespondents overall. The level of reporting is similar in both\ncamps and out-of-camp locations and did not evolve\nsignificantly throughout the monitoring period.\n\n**Of particular concern is the rise in the proportion of**\n**respondents citing child labor, ranked as the third main issue** .\nThis proportion increased from 26% to 40% overall, and while\nit remained the same - at the already high rate of 39% - among\nrespondents in camps, it increased from 24% to 41% among\nrespondents in out-of-camp locations.\n\n**Abuse, violence and neglect within the household remained**\n**the fourth most commonly reported protection issue**\n**affecting children**, cited by 12% of respondents overall. The\nlevel of reporting is slightly higher in camps (16%) than in out-of-camp locations (10%). As for women and girls, the\nproportion of respondents citing abuse, violence and neglect as a key protection concern for children relatively decreased\nfrom 23% to 12% between Round 1 and Round 6. . However, no definitive conclusion should be drawn from this statistic\nregarding the prevalence of actual incidents of abuse, violence and neglect against children.\n\n**Lastly, the proportion of respondents citing child marriage as a key concern remained 7% overall** . This proportion, which\nis equal in both camps and out-of-camp locations, did not significantly evolve throughout the monitoring period.\n\n**3.** **Basic needs and access to services**\n\n\n**The loss of employment and livelihoods remained the most commonly reported impact of the pandemic**, cited by 74%\nof respondents in camps and 88% of respondents in out-of-camp locations-- proportions which did not significantly evolve\nthroughout the monitoring period. The inability or difficulty to purchase basic necessities ranked as the second main\nimpact overall, and remained at the same level between Round 1 and Round 6 of monitoring, cited by 54% of respondents.\nThis proportion was comparatively higher among respondents in out-of-camp locations (56%) than in among respondents\nin camps (45%).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistic", - "confidence": 0.7863060832023621, - "start": 290, - "end": 291 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9301413297653198, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring period", - "confidence": 0.7135202288627625, - "start": 347, - "end": 349 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9276415705680847, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65b047df-4308-3760-99c1-54954d2645a6/protection_monitoring_-_summary_of_findings_-_october_2020_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Socioeconomic impact of the pandemic among respondents in out-of-camp locations_\n\n\n**For respondents in out-of-camp locations, inability or difficulty to pay rent was cited as the second main socio-economic**\n**impact**, cited by 64% of respondents. It is a notable increase compared to Round 1 of monitoring, when the issue was\nreported by 54%. This issue does not appear to result from an increase in the price of rent, since only 5% of respondents\nin out-of-camp locations report an increase in rent among the measures resulting from the pandemic. The inability or\ndifficulty to pay rent also does not appear to have resulted in widespread evictions from rented housing: only 2% of\nrespondents in out-of-camp locations reported evictions or threats of evictions as a key protection issue affecting\ncommunities. [3]\n\nLow levels of reporting about issues of evictions may be explained by the **various coping mechanisms used by affected**\n**households** . Indeed, 19% of respondents in out-of-camp locations cite moving to other accommodation among the main\ncoping strategies in their communities. More broadly, the most commonly cited coping mechanisms are reducing food\nconsumption (69% of respondents overall), spending savings (65%), taking debt (62%) and reducing the purchase of nonfood items (59%). **Coping mechanisms associated with protection risks are also reported**, although at a much lower level.\nIn particular, the use of child labor to generate income is reported by 16% of respondents overall. This is an increase\ncompared to 12% for Round 1 of monitoring and is consistent with the findings reported in the child protection section\n(see 2.3).\n\n**Although the majority of respondents indicate that people in their communities have access to health care, 45% report**\n**that none or not all their community members do** . Of particular concern in the midst of the pandemic, the proportion\nincreased when compared to Round 1 (38%). Levels of reporting are significantly higher in out-of-camp locations (45%)\nthan in camps (30%). Barriers to access health care most commonly cited by respondents are lack of medical facilities and\npersonnel (31%), the cost of care (23%), the distance and lack and/or cost of transportation to health care facilities (17%),\nlack of information about health care facilities (15%) and the lack of female staff (13%).\n\n\n3 This statistic should not be interpreted as evidence that evictions are not occurring. Rather, it is simply the indication that, among the respondents,\nit is not perceived as being a pressing protection issue affecting their communities. However, this could change over time as the socioeconomic\nimpact of the pandemic becomes increasingly difficult to bear for IDPs and returnees.\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistic", - "confidence": 0.972008466720581, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/65b047df-4308-3760-99c1-54954d2645a6/protection_monitoring_-_summary_of_findings_-_october_2020_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_887/raw/doc_887_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_887/raw/doc_887_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c121a8d39e1ad21065c3d73581907466006e6654..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_887/raw/doc_887_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/62c4b327-002f-39d8-bc4b-38926c139588/protection_monitoring_task_force_-_update_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_888/raw/doc_888_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_888/raw/doc_888_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b48181cb3d971ddc699618c62854fbc630cd4eaa..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_888/raw/doc_888_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UKRAINE**\n## **17 MAY 2024**\n\n### **PROTECTION OF LGBTIQ+ PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RESPONSE IN UKRAINE**\n\n## **BACKGROUND**\n\nSince 24 February 2022, millions of people have been forcibly displaced internally and across international borders as\na result of the war in Ukraine, while thousands of civilians still remain in areas directly exposed to the armed\nhostilities.\n\n\nDespite the fact that sexual diversity is not illegal in Ukraine, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer and\nother diverse identities (LGBTIQ+) have suffered from stigma and discrimination. Even before the war, there had\nbeen instances of hate speech, discrimination, harassment and abuse of LGBTIQ+ people in Ukraine, on the basis of\ntheir real or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and/or sex characteristics (SOGIESC).\nIn situations of forced displacement and armed conflict, individuals who are LGBTIQ+ have the same rights and basic\nneeds as other displaced and affected persons. Nonetheless, they are often at heightened risk of exclusion,\nexploitation, violence and abuse, and encounter distinct protection risks because of their real or perceived SOGIESC.\nThese challenges often add numerous barriers to accessing humanitarian assistance and services such as safe\naccommodation, appropriate health care, gender-based violence (GBV) prevention and response services, education\nand livelihoods opportunities. Due to the perception that LGBTIQ+ do not conform to prevailing sociocultural norms,\nthey may be excluded from traditional support networks among displaced and host communities. Barriers are\nespecially acute for transgender persons whose gender identity does not match their official identity documents. [[2]](https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e6073972.html)\n\n\nIn November 2023, during the 16 [th] LGBTIQ+ Conference in Ukraine, representatives of LGBTIQ+ organizations and\ninitiative groups from Ukraine called for support to recognize civil partnerships between people of the same sex; to\nestablish grounds for protection against GBV, homophobia, and transphobia; to recognize sexual orientation and\ngender identity as protected grounds in the area of combatting discrimination; to guarantee the right for transpeople\nto use their social name; to remove transgenders from the list of mental disorders; and to include LGBTIQ+\norganizations in the humanitarian response. The same message from civil society was echoed in April 2024 during\nthe National Forum on LGBTIQ Inclusion in Humanitarian Response in Ukraine organized by Outright International in\ncollaboration with CARE, the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), and the Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,\nTransgender, Queer and Intersex Rights (RFSL).\n\n\n**It is therefore important that humanitarian actors and service providers understand and address such risks through**\n**tailored programs to ensure LGBTIQ+ persons in forced displacement and/or affected by the war in Ukraine are**\n**protected, and the protection risks are minimized through inclusive programs.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42182879-15d7-47d9-b53b-1140fd45a88e/protection_of_lgbti_advocacy_note_eng_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **KEY PROTECTION CONCERNS FOR LGBTIQ+ PEOPLE IN UKRAINE**\n\n\n\n\n- **Safety (Physical and Mental)** - LGBTIQ+ and genderdiverse people are vulnerable to acts of stigmatization,\nharassment and violence from both armed combatants\nand civilians in the context of the armed conflict. [[3]](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/03/ukraine-protection-lgbti-and-gender-diverse-refugees-remains-critical-un) Since the\nwar started, there have been reports of cases of attacks\nagainst LGBTIQ+ activists, human rights defenders and\nshelters in Ukraine ~~.~~ [[4]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf) Moreover, the entire population in\nUkraine has experienced heightened levels of fear and\nanxiety about the exposure to violence and trauma \u2013\nwhich in case of LGBTIQ+ people experiencing the same\nposes the need to provide non-discriminatory and safe\naccess to psychosocial support ~~.~~ [[5]](https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/RGA%20Ukraine-SDR%20Full%20Report_0.pdf)\n\n- **Access to accommodation \u2013** In cases where relatives\nmoved in together and have to share a small space as a\nresult of relocation, tensions and conflict increase due to\nlack of understanding or acceptance of the sexual\norientation and gender identity of LGBTIQ+ persons. [[6]](https://qua.community/news/ukrainian-human-rights-organization-fulcrum-organized-shelters-in-lviv-for-lgbtq/)\n\n\n\n\n\nWhere reception and collective centers are gender\n\nhousing option that they believe is safest for them.\nTransgender people may also experience challenges to access shelters and services based on their self-identified\ngender identity if their documents do not match. Intersex people also might face challenges in accessing gender\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nsegregated shelters due to their sex characteristics. The\n\n_Domestic violence/IPV was the most commonly_ need exists to arrange safe shelters for LGBTIQ+ people\n_reported type of violence, while displaced LGBTQI+_ who arrive to safer areas of Ukraine and transit cities ~~.~~ [[7]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf)\n_individuals described acts of discrimination directed_\n\n - **Inaccurately documented gender identity** - Many\n\n_towards them, particularly while seeking services. [\u2026]_\n\ntransgender people and some intersex people in Ukraine\n\n_The lack of referral mechanisms to inform on available_\n_GBV services were also mentioned as obstacles._ do not have identification documents with gender markers\n_LGBTIQ+ people raised issues with service providers not_ accurately matching their gender identity. In the context of\n_exercising confidentiality, and the lack of awareness_ the war, it is particularly problematic for transgender and\n_among service providers and feedback mechanisms on_ intersex women who are still often marked as having male\n_their specific needs. In general, specialized services are_ gender. They have been therefore refused to pass internal\n_lacking, including reproductive health services, and safe_ checkpoints or to exit Ukraine, since following their identity\n_refuges for survivors, and limited means to ensure_\n\ndocuments, they fall under the martial law and military\n\n_timely access, such as mobile services or assistance, or_\n\nmobilization of men between 18-60 ~~.~~ [[8]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf)\n\n_public transportation_\n\n - **Gender-based Violence (GBV) \u2013** LGBTIQ+ persons\n\nUNHCR, Participatory Assessment, Integration and experience different forms of GBV, including human\n\nInclusion, August \u2013 September 2023 trafficking, CRSV, and other GBV, and the risk is likely\n\nexacerbated by the context of armed conflict and before,\nduring, and after forced displacement. In particular, it is worth noting that in the context of emergencies there\nmay be particular challenges for LGBTIQ+ people in accessing GBV specialized services ~~.~~ [[9]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/files/uploads/2022/05/GBV_LGBTI_Humanitarian-response.pdf)\n\n- **Access to Healthcare** - LGBTIQ+ individuals have reported discrimination in healthcare institutions and breaches\nof patient confidentiality \u2013 regarding both sexual orientation and, where applicable, HIV status. In the context of\nthe war, LGBTIQ+ encounter limited supply of HIV medication [[10]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf), unavailability of hormone therapy treatments for\ntransgender and intersex persons, PREP, as well as limited access to sexual health services due to the prejudices\nof medical staff. HIV-positive LGBTIQ+ individuals may face additional stigmatization or even denial of treatment.\nDespite the efforts of LGBTIQ+ organizations to facilitate access to hormone therapy through assistance from\nneighboring countries, the process is complex, expensive and unpredictable ~~.~~ [[11]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220308_BN_medications_needed_by_trans_and_intersex_people_ILGA_Europe_FINAL.pdf)\n\n- **Access to Livelihoods** - LGBTIQ+ people face narrowing livelihood opportunities and financial difficulties on their\nway to relocate to safe areas. [[12]](https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/20220309_BN_Ukraine_LGBTI_people_and_mass_displacement_ILGA_Europe.pdf) LGBTIQ+ IDPs may experience double discrimination due to their IDP status as well\nas sexual orientation. They may be fired from work once their sexual orientation or gender identity is revealed.\n\n\n\n_Domestic violence/IPV was the most commonly_\n_reported type of violence, while displaced LGBTQI+_\n_individuals described acts of discrimination directed_\n_towards them, particularly while seeking services. [\u2026]_\n_The lack of referral mechanisms to inform on available_\n_GBV services were also mentioned as obstacles._\n_LGBTIQ+ people raised issues with service providers not_\n_exercising confidentiality, and the lack of awareness_\n_among service providers and feedback mechanisms on_\n_their specific needs. In general, specialized services are_\n_lacking, including reproductive health services, and safe_\n_refuges for survivors, and limited means to ensure_\n_timely access, such as mobile services or assistance, or_\n_public transportation_\n\n\n\nUNHCR, Participatory Assessment, Integration and\n\n\n\nInclusion, August \u2013 September 2023\n\n\n\nProtection Cluster Ukraine I May 2024 | Protection of LGBTIQ+ people in the context of the response in Ukraine 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42182879-15d7-47d9-b53b-1140fd45a88e/protection_of_lgbti_advocacy_note_eng_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n#### **_Ensure inclusive programming, advocacy and responses_**\n\n- **Collect data** that is disaggregated by sex, gender, age and disability, as well as data relating to specific protection\nneeds, risks and barriers LGBTIQ+ persons face, to ensure that specific vulnerability factors and risks are\nconsidered in further GBV risk prevention and mitigation cycle. Develop databases, forms and other tools that are\ninclusive to all the diversities and ensure that data is collected in a confidential and sensitive manner.\n\n\n- **Map presence and reach out to LGBTIQ+ organizations** and community-based groups to learn about their work,\npriorities and their specialized services; as well as to sensitize them to the particularities of protection of IDPs.\n\n\n- **Establish specific LGBTIQ+ reception and registration measures** for safe identification and support, such as\ngender-neutral options on registration forms, special hours and days for LGBTIQ+ to register or mobile\nregistration. Make sure that persons not wishing to self-identify are not forced to do so, especially in situations\nwhere they may be at risk.\n\n\n- **Encourage the active participation of LGBTIQ+ individuals in programmes** and activities at individual or collective\nlevel in a manner that preserves their safety; avoid creating programmes that exacerbate their isolation.\n\n\n- **Ensure specialized LGBTIQ+ shelters and centers are linked to the humanitarian system** and actors aiming at\nenhancing support to LGBTIQ+ persons and their participation in the distribution of humanitarian aid and of\nmedication to other LGBTIQ+ communities.\n\n\n- **Include staff from different genders and backgrounds** . Use LGBTIQ+ friendly visibility materials (e.g. through the\ndisplay of a rainbow flag, naming LGBTIQ+ people among those you are supporting in leaflets, and making referral\npathways to local LGBTIQ+ organizations visible).\n\n\n- **Address barriers to safe and equal access for LGBTIQ+ persons to social services and programmes**, livelihoods\nopportunities, capacity building and empowerment, and education services, among others.\n\n\n- **Resource mobilization** should include funding opportunities for LGBTIQ+ led organizations as they are often first\npoint of contact for many GBV survivors from LGBTIQ+ community.\n\n\n- **Raise awareness** of the situation of LGBTIQ+ affected by the war in Ukraine, including risks, gaps, needs,\nopportunities and capacities in order to promote full access to their rights and services and integral protection.\n\n\n- **Advocate for equitable and non-discriminatory provision of services to LGBTIQ+ individuals by humanitarian**\n**actors, civil society organizations, Government and law enforcement agencies** . Transgender IDPs may face\nadditional difficulties accessing services due to discrepancies between their appearance and identity documents,\nhumanitarian actors should include this issue in their trainings for state service providers, and advocate for the\nre-issuing of documents for transgender IDPs.\n\n\nProtection Cluster Ukraine I May 2024 | Protection of LGBTIQ+ people in the context of the response in Ukraine 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "databases", - "confidence": 0.5546600818634033, - "start": 79, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+ persons", - "confidence": 0.955437421798706, - "start": 54, - "end": 57 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42182879-15d7-47d9-b53b-1140fd45a88e/protection_of_lgbti_advocacy_note_eng_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **_Create Safe and Inclusive Spaces_**\n\n- **Ensure that staff providing assistance to IDPs and the conflict-**\n**affected population are sensitive to the concerns of LGBTIQ+**\n**people,** including training to identify protection risks, respectful\nuse of terminology and communication and to assure that\nconfidentiality will be respected. Staff providing distributions of\nhumanitarian assistance need to be aware that sometimes\ndocuments of transgender and intersex persons may not match\ntheir appearance. Organizations should take all necessary steps\nto prevent LGBTIQ+ discrimination by their staff.\n\nbeing open even with family and friends. Organizations should\nrespect individuals\u2019 preferences and not make assumptions about their identity or impose labels.\n\n- **Humanitarian staff should communicate that the organization is a safe space** and be able to refer LGBTIQ+\npersons to relevant community organizations, protection partners and service providers, as appropriate.\n\n- **Seek out and create safe, confidential and effective referral systems** and partnerships, including through peer\nsupport groups and the development of standard materials such as SOPs, posters and audio-visual materials.\n\n- **Advocate for inclusive treatment by medical and healthcare professionals.** Organizations should create\nrelationships with medical professionals and centers to whom LGBTIQ+ IDPs can be referred. Health actors must\nalso understand the different ways in which LGBTIQ+ people and particularly trans women and men experience\nviolence, and ensure that health staff are adequately trained to meet the needs of all trans survivors.\n\n- **Facilitate links between LGBTIQ+ IDPs and the wider LGBTIQ+ community** . Whenever appropriate, LGBTIQ+ IDPs\nshould be introduced to LGTBIQ+ persons and organizations in the host community to help them establish a\nsupport network in their area of displacement.\n\n- **Consider that scattered-site housing mechanisms** work better in certain contexts than communal \u2018safe houses\u2019\nfor LGBTIQ+ persons. Allow trans, intersex and non-binary people to choose the housing option that they believe\nis safest for them. Consider allowing trans and intersex residents the ability to sleep near safe and well-trained\nnight staff to lower the risk of assault and harassment.\n#### **_Ensure accountability to the affected population (AAP)_**\n\n- **Consult with LGBTIQ+ persons** to identify barriers to their participation and decide together which participation\nmethodologies and opportunities work best for them, e.g. organizing meetings in a different location. Be sure to\nassess needs from an AGD perspective and avoid grouping all LGBTIQ+ individuals in one discussion, e.g. consider\ngender breakdown as a minimum. Where appropriate and without putting them at greater risk, encourage the\nrepresentation of LGBTIQ+ people and/or organizations and ensure they are consulted on the safe design of\nshelters.\n\n- **Design targeted identification and outreach measures** to ensure that LGBTIQ+ persons are afforded fair access\nto protection and assistance programmes, e.g. through LGBTIQ+ support networks.\n\n- **Ensure that LGBTIQ+ individuals are well informed about their rights.**\n\n- **Ensure that there is two-way communication with LGBTIQ+ persons** via their preferred channels of\ncommunication and that multiple options are provided for communicating with people with different needs.\nConsult with LGBTIQ+ persons to identify challenges in accessing feedback and response mechanisms and act on\nthe feedback of LGBTIQ+ persons \u2013 validate their experiences and adapt interventions in a way that respects their\nsafety, dignity and rights.\n\n- **Provide LGBTIQ+ persons with space in which to meet safely,** discuss their concerns, or celebrate who they are.\n\n- **Engage LGBTIQ+ persons and organizations in prevention of violence, GBV and human trafficking,** risk mitigation\nand response, including information dissemination, community mobilization, support, and rehabilitation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProtection Cluster Ukraine I May 2024 | Protection of LGBTIQ+ people in the context of the response in Ukraine 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "referral systems", - "confidence": 0.7179275751113892, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+\npersons", - "confidence": 0.9384982585906982, - "start": 156, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42182879-15d7-47d9-b53b-1140fd45a88e/protection_of_lgbti_advocacy_note_eng_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protection Cluster Ukraine I May 2024 | Protection of LGBTIQ+ people in the context of the response in Ukraine 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/42182879-15d7-47d9-b53b-1140fd45a88e/protection_of_lgbti_advocacy_note_eng_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_889/raw/doc_889_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_889/raw/doc_889_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 34e9c6c75abcadbaf8cc20f40bc0529b31756b6c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_889/raw/doc_889_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Humanitarian Response Plan 2020**\n**Protection risk analysis in the HRP projects**\n\n**(January 2020)**\n\n\nIn each of the HRP projects an analysis of the protection risks related to the implementation of the\nproposed response was provided. Four lenses with specific risks were used, in line with the priorities of\nthe Centrality of Protection and Protection Mainstreaming principles:\n\n\n**1.** **Protection of civilians**\n\n\n_1a. Lack of access to/awareness of referral services for survivors of protection incidents (GBV, child protecti_\n_1b. Communities are forced to leave their place of residence in order to access humanitarian assistance_\n_(humanitarian assistance as pull factor)_\n\n**2.** **Exclusion and marginalization**\n\n\n_2a. Members of marginalized community\u2019s/ minority groups are not included in consultations and/or are_\n_excluded from humanitarian services/assistance_\n\n\n_2b. Women, girls and boys are not included in consultations and decision-making processes_\n\n\n**3. Interference of external stakeholders in impartial and needs-based selection of beneficiaries**\n\n\n_3a. Protection concerns stemming from displacement_\n\n\n_3b. Exposure of women and girls to sexual violence, including sexual exploitation and abuse in relation to_\n_access to humanitarian assistance._\n\n\n_3c. Exposure of displaced women and girls to sexual violence, caused by living in highly insecure_\n_settlements, distance to and location of humanitarian assistance and services_\n\n\n_3d. Delivery of humanitarian assistance affects peaceful coexistence and spark intercommunity conflict_\n_over access to resources_\n\n\n**4. Protection mainstreaming**\n\n\n_4a. Risk of dispute on land ownership/land tenure in targeted project areas_\n\n\n_4b. Beneficiaries risk exposure to violence during registration/distribution_\n\n\n_4c. Forced taxation/extortion or theft of humanitarian assistance_\n\n\n_4d. Barriers for beneficiaries to report concerns through complaint and feedback mechanisms_\n\n\nFor each project at least 3 most relevant protection risks had to be selected and specific mitigation\nmeasures discussed.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9293ddc7-f8b4-36f1-8609-08b448995b72/protection_risk_analysis_in_the_hrp_projects_-_jan_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For the purpose of this section statistics on most frequently selected risks were drawn from all approved\nprojects. The proposed mitigation measures were analyzed based on a sample of approved projects drawn\nfrom each cluster, with equal representation of UN, INGO and NNGO submissions.\n\n\nOverall, the most often selected category of protection concerns was **Exclusion and marginalization**\n**either due to social status (clan affiliation or lack thereof) or gender and age** . This risk was applicable to\n**80%** of projects, most frequently considered by **WASH and Food Security partners** (84% and 83%\nrespectively) and least often by shelter and NFI partners. This was also the category, in which most often\nall risks (2a and 2b) were selected by partners (46% of all projects), with the highest frequency among\nCCCM and Food Security projects - 57% and 56% respectively.\n\n\nAs mitigation measures **WASH** partners recommend: community engagement of all groups as a key\nrequirement in the response mobilization phase and ensuring that marginalized groups are by default\namong the prioritized groups. UNICEF proposed also to include clear strategies for reaching marginalized\ncommunities in all the program partnership documents with implementing partners. Other WASH\npartners reiterated inclusive consultation with different groups of households, mentioned reinforced\ncomplain and feedback mechanisms to identify any situation of exclusion, and to condition\nimplementation on an equal and direct access to all communities. This is particularly relevant to IDP set\nups where informal settlement managers often control access to communities and influence the\nbeneficiary selection process. **Food security** partners focused on carrying out inclusive community and\nauthority consultations to identify vulnerable, under-represented HHs, with specific attention to age,\ngender, minorities, disability and clan representation. The WFP Community-based Targeting Guide can be\na useful tool to guide such process. **CCCM** partners included recommendation on direct identification and\nregistration of beneficiaries without the use of intermediaries, however with support of joint project\nimplementation committees representing also marginalized groups, women and youth. Reinforced\ncomplain and feedback mechanisms was also recommended. Some partners mentioned also the use of\nprotection monitoring findings, such as findings of the Protection Monitoring System, and referrals to\naddress any situation of systematic exclusion.\n\n\nThe second most often selected category of risks were **risks related to protection mainstreaming** with\n**69%** of partners selecting at least one such risk and 9% selecting all 4 specific risks. The sector which\nselected protection mainstreaming risk most often was **Shelter/NFI** with **84%** of project indicating at least\none of the specific risks as applicable, followed by **Food Security (77%), CCCM (76%).** The lowest rate of\nprotection mainstreaming risk applicability occurred among protection cluster projects of whom only 58%\nselected at least one as applicable. At the same time, the **Nutrition** partners ( **14%** ) most often selected all\nprotection mainstreaming risks as applicable to their project.\n\n\n**Shelter/NFI** partners were focusing on safety of distributions and risk of HLP disputes. With regard to the\nlatter, partners will ensure that the land tenure security, certified by relevant local authorities, is provided\nand guaranteed for a significant amount of time (at least 5 years) prior to any construction activities. This\nwill mitigate the risk of destruction of property and community assets resulting from forced evictions.\nDistributions will be organized with help of community-based groups engaged in crowd management and\nspecial queues for most vulnerable people will be established to minimize their waiting time or items will\nbe distributed to their households directly. **Food security partners** stressed the short distance between\nthe settlements, distribution site and entitlement collection points (for Cash and Voucher Assistance).\nWFP has over 1000 retailers/cash points, where beneficiaries can redeem their transfers to reduce\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9293ddc7-f8b4-36f1-8609-08b448995b72/protection_risk_analysis_in_the_hrp_projects_-_jan_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "queuing time and overcrowding. Cash assistance will be provided in batches on different days over\nextended periods of time to enable financial institutions plan and ensure available resources.\nCollaboration with village committees and local authorities and service providers to enhance security\nmeasures at distribution points and ensure provision of culturally-appropriate WASH facilities are\navailable at distribution sites.\n\n\n**CCCM** partners pointed also to the need of conflict analysis and conflict sensitive programing as a\ncornerstone of any intervention, as well as data protection of beneficiaries to mitigate the risk of extortion\nof aid received. **Nutrition** partners reaffirmed the \u2018zero tolerance\u2019 policy for sexual exploitation and abuse\nand stressed the necessity of ensuring health and nutrition facilities are accessible also to people with\nmobility impairments and/or mobile services to reach those, who cannot access the facilities.\nConsideration to gender \u2013 balance among the staff of the nutrition facilities will also be given. Nutrition\npartners mentioned also the importance of comprehensive referral pathways to provide services to\nidentified survivors of rights violations and abuse.\n\n\n65% of projects pointed to at least one risks related to **displacement and interference with an impartial**\n**needs-based beneficiary selection process** . Such concerns were expressed most frequently by **Protection**\n(75%) and **WASH** partners (74%) and least often by Shelter/NFI partners (53%). 19% of **CCCM** and **Food**\n**Security** partners selected all risks from this category as applicable to their projects.\n\n\n**Protection** partners were focusing on strengthening of gender inclusive community-based protection\nmechanisms and robust information campaigns to ensure impartial and timely access to protection\nservices, also in situations of displacement. Protection monitoring will be used for both referrals and\nevidence-based advocacy, especially with the municipal authorities responsible for the implementation\nof durable solutions for displacement affected communities. Needs-based targeting regardless of\ndisplacement status was recommended and importance of Complain and Feedback Mechanisms restated.\nCFM needs to ensure that complaints are followed up on immediately and corrective measures are\nimplemented timely to build trust in the efficiency of such mechanisms. **WASH** partners referred to\nSPHERE standards for WASH infrastructure to mitigate risks of SEA, avoid centralized distributions of\nhygiene kits. This will minimize queuing time and risk of looting. CVA will be scaled up, so that\nbeneficiaries, especially women, can purchase items at own convenient time. Involvement of both local\nauthorities and women groups in site planning and provision of solar lights around water and sanitation\nfacilities was also recommended. **Food Security** partners reiterated the need for inclusive targeting with\njoint, transparent verification processes, where community-based targeting is used.\n\n\nLastly, **43%** of projects indicated at least one or the risks related to **protection of civilians** as relevant to\nthe interventions while 10% indicated both of the specific risks (1a, 1b). The highest ratio of the first was\namong the **multisectoral** projects ( **58%** ), followed by **health** ( **53%** ) and **education** ( **52%** ). **17%** of **Food**\n**Security** projects indicated both risks as applicable. **Health** actors will ensure that the location and access\nroutes to health facilities and services are safe and avoid areas near military installations or with otherwise\nincreased exposure to attacks, stray bullets, crossfire or violence. Static facilities will be supported as close\nas possible to the hard to reach areas and mobile services will be used to reach out people in remote areas\nwith quality health services.. **Education** partners will prioritize provision of education services in the area\nof habitual residence, including hard to reach areas, to reduce the risk of making access to education a\npull factor for displacement. Both clusters will prioritize integrated services for geographical, rather than\nstatus-based catchment areas.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9293ddc7-f8b4-36f1-8609-08b448995b72/protection_risk_analysis_in_the_hrp_projects_-_jan_2020.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_89/raw/doc_89_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_89/raw/doc_89_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 529d2231456ef50fd546e6bee15672b88c423385..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_89/raw/doc_89_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1721 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.3 MILLION** NEWLY DISPLACED\n\n\nIn 2011, an estimated 4.3 million people were newly\ndisplaced due to conflict or persecution. More than\n800,000 people were displaced as refugees across\ninternational borders, the highest number in more\nthan a decade. Another 3.5 million people were newly\ndisplaced within the borders of their countries,\na 20 per cent increase from 2010. **[(2)]**\n\n\n**25.9 MILLION** PROTECTED BY UNHCR\n\n\nrefugees and 15.5 million IDPs \u2013 were receiving\nprotection or assistance from UNHCR at the end of 2011.\nThis was 700,000 people more than in 2010.\n\n\n**12 MILLION** STATELESS\n\n\nStatelessness was estimated to have affected up to\n12 million people by the end of 2011. However, efforts\nto assess the magnitude of the problem were hindered\nby the fact that the data captured by governments and\ncommunicated to UNHCR were limited to 3.5 million\nstateless individuals in 64 countries.\n\n\n**7.1 MILLION** PROTR ACTED SITUATION\n\n\nAlmost three quarters of the refugee population under\nthe UNHCR mandate was in a protracted situation at\nthe end of 2011, amounting to 7.1 million people. These\nrefugees were living in 26 different countries.\n\n\n**4/5** **[TH]** DEVELOPING COUNTRIES\n\n\nDeveloping countries hosted four-fifths of the\nworld\u2019s refugees. The 48 Least Developed Countries\nprovided asylum to 2.3 million refugees.\n\n\n**TOP** HOST\n\n\nPakistan was host to the largest number of refugees\nworldwide (1.7 million), followed by the Islamic Republic\nof Iran (887,000) and the Syrian Arab Republic\n(755,400; Government\u2019s estimate).\n\n\n**45%** BELOW 3,000 USD\n\n\nMore than 4.7 million refugees, representing\n45 per cent of the world\u2019s refugees under UNHCR\u2019s\nmandate, resided in countries where the GDP per capita\nwas below USD 3,000.\n\n\n**TOP THREE** HOST PER GDP\n\n\nPakistan hosted the largest number of refugees in\nrelation to its economic capacity with 605 refugees per\n1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita. The Democratic Republic\nof the Congo (399) and Kenya (321) ranked second and\nthird respectively.\n\n\n**1** Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)\nof the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).\n\n**2** Idem.\n\n\n\n\n\n**TOP** ORIGIN\n\n\nWith close to 2.7 million refugees in 79 countries,\nAfghanistan remained the leading country of origin of\nrefugees in 2011. On average, one out of four refugees in\nthe world originated from Afghanistan, with 95 per cent of\nthem located in Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.\n\n\n**HIGHEST NUMBER** RETURN\n\n\nAs a result of enhanced efforts to provide durable\nsolutions, 532,000 refugees repatriated voluntarily\nduring 2011, more than double the figure for 2010\n(197,600). Yet, 2011 saw the third lowest number of\nvoluntarily repatriated refugees in a decade. More than\n3.2 million IDPs were able to return - the highest number\nin more than a decade.\n\n\n**22 COUNTRIES** RESETTLEMENT\n\n\nDuring the year UNHCR submitted some\n92,000 refugees to States for resettlement, and close to\n62,000 departed with UNHCR\u2019s assistance.\nAccording to governmental statistics, 22 countries\nadmitted 79,800 refugees for resettlement during 2011\n(with or without UNHCR assistance). The United States\nof America received the highest number (51,500).\n\n\n**876,100** ASYLUM CLAIMS\n\n\nMore than 876,100 people submitted individual\napplications for asylum or refugee status in 2011.\nUNHCR offices registered 11 per cent of these claims.\nWith close to 107,000 asylum claims - one tenth\nof applications globally - South Africa was the world\u2019s\nlargest recipient of individual applications,\nfollowed by the United States of America (76,000)\nand France (52,100).\n\n\n**17,700** UNACCOMPANIED CHILDREN\n\n\nSome 17,700 asylum applications were lodged by\nunaccompanied or separated children in 69 countries\nin 2011, mostly by Afghan and Somali children.\nThe number was significantly higher than in 2010\n(15,600 claims).\n\n\n**13 MILLION** RUR AL/URBAN AREAS\n\n\nAvailable data (covering 13 million people) revealed that\nIDPs, returned IDPs and returned refugees tended to\ngather in rural areas in 2011, while refugees and asylumseekers gravitated towards urban areas.\n\n\n**49%** WOMEN AND GIRLS\n\n\nOn average, women and girls constituted 49 per cent of\npersons of concern to UNHCR. They accounted for\n48 per cent of refugees, and half of all IDPs and returnees\n(former refugees). Forty-six per cent of refugees\nand 34 per cent of asylum-seekers were children below\n18 years of age.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "I\n\nIntroduction\n\n\n_In_ 2011 _, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) commemorated_\n_the_ 60 _[th]_ _anniversary of the_ 1951 _Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the_\n50 _[th]_ _anniversary of the_ 1961 _Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. A majority of the_\n155 _States who attended the intergovernmental event in December_ 2011 _, the largest in_\n_UNHCR\u2019s history, announced concrete steps to improve the protection of refugees and stateless_\n_persons. The conference confirmed that issues of forced displacement and statelessness_\n_remain high on the international agenda._\n\n\n\n**A Somali refugee family** waiting to be settled\nin the newly expanded Ifo camp, in Dadaab,\nKenya. The new tented site was opened\nin July 2011, helping to decongest the existing\ncamps and providing shelter for more arrivals.\nRefugees who had gathered in dangerous\nareas at the extreme edges of the camp were\nable to move to a more secure location\nwith better access to services.\n\n\n\n**Liberia | New flows**\n**of Ivorian refugees**\n**into Liberia** As of late\nMarch, more than 100,000\nIvorian refugees\u2026\n\n\n\n**ders of their countries, one-fifth more**\n**than in** 2010 **.** **[(4)]** **By the end of** 2011 **,**\n**some** 42.5 **million people worldwide**\n**were considered as forcibly displaced**\n**due to conflict and persecution. They**\n**included** 15.2 **million refugees,** **[(5)]** 26.4\n**million IDPs** **[(6)]** **and some** 895,000\n**individuals whose asylum applica-**\n**tions had not yet been adjudicated by**\n**the end of the reporting period.** [ _see_\n**Figure 1** _on page_ 6]\n**As crises escalated to a number**\n**not seen in many years, the total**\n**number of persons under UNHCR\u2019s**\n**care increased by** 700,000 **people,**\n**standing at** 25.9 **million by year-end**\n\n[ _see_ **Figure 2** _on page_ 7] **. Although the**\n**number of refugees decreased slight-**\n**ly to** 10.4 **million from** 10.55 **in** 2010 **,**\n**that of IDPs protected or assisted by**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR increased to** 15.5 **mil-**\n**lion from** 14.7 **in** 2010 **. In addition,**\n**UNHCR estimated that up to** 12 **mil-**\n**lion people were stateless, although**\n**official statistics covered only some**\n3.5 **million of them.**\n**Securing durable solutions has**\n**remained one of UNHCR\u2019s core ac-**\n**tivities. In** 2011 **an estimated** 532,000\n**refugees were able to return home**\n**voluntarily, the highest number**\n**since** 2008 **, but still the third lowest**\n**recorded of the past decade. Despite**\n**all efforts, the prevailing situation in**\n**a number of countries continued to**\n**prevent the return of millions of refu-**\n**gees. As a consequence, the number**\n**of refugees considered to be in pro-**\n**tracted situations was** 7.1 **million at**\n**year-end. UNHCR submitted more**\n\n\n\n**Libya | Crisis in**\n**Libya** UNHCR is working\nwith the Tunisian and\nEgyptian authorities\u2026\n\n\n\nHE 2011 GLOBAL TRENDS\nFOCUSES ON MAJOR HUMANITARIAN DEVELOPMENTS **in terms to dis-**\n**placement, either within or**\n**beyond international borders. It also T**\n**reviews general statistical trends and**\n**patterns for populations considered**\n**to be of concern to UNHCR\u2013refugees,**\n**returnees, stateless and internally**\n**displaced persons (IDPs)\u2013collectively**\n**referred to as \u201cpersons of concern\u201d.** **[(3)]**\n2011 **was marked by a succession of**\n**major refugee crises. Conflicts in C\u00f4te**\n**d\u2019Ivoire, Libya, Somalia and Sudan**\n**alone forced more than** 800,000 **ref-**\n**ugees into neighbouring countries,**\n**the highest number in over a decade.**\n**In addition, an estimated** 3.5 **million**\n**people were displaced within the bor-**\n\n\n**3** See page 37 for a definition of each population group.\n\n\n**4** Source: IDMC.\n\n\n\n**5** This figure includes 4.8 million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).\n\n\n**6** Source: IDMC.\n\n\n\n**4** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**7** Three-quarters of the 604,000 people in a refugee-like\nsituation were located in Bangladesh, Ecuador, and Venezuela\n(Bolivarian Republic of).\n\n\n**8** Refugees and asylum-seekers who are also stateless persons\nare not included in this figure, but are reflected in the figures\nrelating to the relevant refugee and asylum-seeker groups.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHE 10.4 MILLION REFUGEES UNDER UNHCR\u2019S\nRESPONSIBILITY **includ-**\n**ed some** 604,000 **people in**\n**refugee-like situations.** **[(7)]**\n## **TThe number of people whose asy-**\n\n**lum applications had not yet been**\n**adjudicated by the end of the re-**\n**porting period was estimated at**\n895,000 **. A total of** 15.5 **million IDPs,**\n**including more than** 453,000 **peo-**\n**ple in IDP-like situations, received**\n**humanitarian assistance under ar-**\n**rangements in which UNHCR was**\n**either a lead agency or a key partner.**\n**This was the second highest figure**\n**on record.**\n**An estimated** 3.2 **million IDPs**\n**were able to return home during the**\n**year, the highest number in more**\n\n\n\n| 2001-2011 (end-year)\n\n\n(in millions)\n16\n\n\n14\n\n\n12\n\n\n10\n\n\n8\n\n\n6\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n0\n\n|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||||||\n|||||||||||\n|||||||||||\n|||||||||||\n|||||||**IDPs p**
**Refug**|** rotect**
**ees**|** ed/ass**|** isted**|\n|||||||||||\n\n\n\n\u201801 \u201802 \u201803 \u201804 \u201805 \u201806 \u201807 \u201808 \u201809 \u201810 \u201811\n\n\n\n**than a decade. During the same pe-**\n**riod, close to** 532,000 **refugees repat-**\n**riated voluntarily, up from the** 20 **-**\n**year low of** 2010 **(** 197,600 **).**\n**During** 2011 **, UNHCR identified**\n**close to** 3.5 **million stateless persons in**\n64 **countries, and estimated the total**\n**number of stateless persons world-**\n**wide at up to** 12 **million people.** **[(8)]**\n**In addition,** 1.4 **million individuals**\n**outside any of the above categories**\n**received protection and/or assistance**\n**from UNHCR based on humanitar-**\n**ian or other special grounds. These**\n**individuals are referred to as \u201cother**\n**groups or people of concern\u201d.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2011 saw suffering on an epic-scale. For so many lives to have\nbeen thrown into turmoil over so short a space of time\nmeans enormous personal cost for all who were affected.\nWe can be grateful only that the international system\nfor protecting such people held firm for the most part and\nthat borders were kept open.\n\n\n - [ANT\u00d3NIO] [GUTERRES], [UN] [HIGH] [COMMISSIONER] [FOR] [REFUGEES]\n\n\n\n\n\nthan 92,000 refugees for resettlement\nin 2011, one-sixth less than in 2010,\nlargely due to inaccessibility to refugee\npopulations due to security constraints\nas well as States\u2019 processing backlogs.\nAn estimated 3.2 million IDPs were\nable to return home in 2011, the highest\nin many years.\nDespite the interface of global migration patterns and asylum, the 2011\nGlobal Trends report does not address\nmixed migration issues, largely due to a\nlack of reliable data on these flows. However, UNHCR estimates that more than\n1,500 people, including potential asylumseekers, drowned or went missing while\nattempting to cross the Mediterranean\nin 2011, making it the deadliest year in\nthe Mediterranean since UNHCR began\nrecording these figures in 2006. In addition, a record 103,000 refugees, asylumseekers and migrants from the Horn\nof Africa made the perilous journey to\nYemen across the Gulf of Aden and the\n\n\n\nRed Sea in 2011: more than 130 persons\nare known to have drowned in the attempt. In the Asia-Pacific region, some\n430 presumed asylum-seekers drowned\nin maritime incidents known to UNHCR\nin 2011.\nMost of the statistics presented in\n2011 Global Trends have been reported\nby UNHCR country offices, based on\ngovernmental sources, reports from\nnon-governmental organizations and\nUNHCR\u2019s own registration and data\ncollection. The numbers have been\nrounded up to the closest hundred or\nthousand for the purposes of this report.\nAs some adjustments may appear in the\n2011 Statistical Yearbook, to be released\nlater this year, the figures contained in\nthe 2011 Global Trends should be considered as provisional and may be subject to\nchange. Unless otherwise specified, the\nreport does not refer to events occurring\nafter 31 December 2011.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Total population of concern to UNHCR by country of asylum and category** | end-2011\n\n\n**COLOMBIA**\n\n\n**DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO**\n\n\n4,000,000\n\n\n2,000,000\n\n\n400,000\n\n\nRefugees **[(a)]**\n\n\nAsylum-seekers (pending cases)\n\n\nIDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR **[(b)]**\n\n\nReturned refugees, returned IDPs\n\n\n\n**IRAQ**\n\n\n\nStateless persons\n\n\nOthers of concern\n\n\n\nTotal population below 10,000\n\n**a** Including people in refugee-like situation\n\n**b** Including people in IDP-like situation\n\n\n\n**8** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "III\n\nRefugee population\n\n\n_While the number of refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate increased in some regions, including_\n_sub-Saharan Africa, and decreased in others, such as Asia and the Pacific, the global number_\n_remained essentially stable at_ 10.4 _million, approximately_ 144,000 _less than in_ 2010 _. Decreases_\n_arose from two main sources. First, estimates for Afghan and Iraqi refugee populations in_\n_the Islamic Republic of Iran, Pakistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic were reduced by_ 16 _per_\n_cent. Second, a number of refugees found durable solutions during the year, notably voluntary_\n_repatriation. In some locations, however, there were significant increases due to new or_\n_continued conflicts, as in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Libya and Somalia._\n\n\n\n\n\n_Most refugees_\n_remain within their_\n_region of origin_\n\n\n**Available statistical evidence** demonstrates\nthat most refugees having fled to neighbouring\ncountries, remain in the same region.\nThe major refugee-generating regions hosted\non average between 75 and 93 per cent of\nrefugees from within the same region. UNHCR\nestimates that some 1.8 million refugees\n(17% of the total of 10.4 million) live outside\ntheir region of origin. \u2022\n\n\n**Percentage of refugees remaining within or**\n**outside their region of asylum** | end-2011\n\n\n\n**Ivorian refugees pack up their belongings**\nafter resting for two nights at a church in\nTempo, Liberia. These refugees entering\nremote villages in Grand Gedeh, Liberia still\nhave a long distance to travel before they\ncan reach assistance from UNHCR. Liberia\nreceived an estimated 200,000 Ivorian\nrefugees in the course of 2011.\n\n\n\n**Kenya | Dadaab**\n**keeps growing** The\nrefugee complex at Dadaab\nin Kenya keeps growing\u2026\n\n\n\nY THE END OF 2011,\n**women and girls constituted**\n**slightly less than half (** 48 **%)**\n**of all refugees globally.** **[(9) ]** **De-**\n**veloping countries hosted**\n## B 8.4 million refugees, or four-fifths of\n\n**the global refugee population. The** 48\n**Least Developed Countries provided**\n**asylum to** 2.3 **million refugees,** 22 **per**\n**cent of the total.**\n**Table 1** [ _see page_ 13] **shows that** 3.6\n**million or more than one-third (** 35 **%)**\n**of all refugees were residing in coun-**\n**tries covered by UNHCR\u2019s Asia and**\n**Pacific region. Of these,** 2.6 **million**\n**were Afghans (** 71 **%). Sub-Saharan**\n**Africa was host to** 2.7 **million or one-**\n**quarter of all refugees, primarily from**\n**Somalia (** 760,800 **), Sudan (** 462,100 **),**\n**and the Democratic Republic of the**\n**Congo (** 457,900 **). The Middle East and**\n**North Africa region hosted** 1.7 **million**\n**or** 17 **per cent of the world\u2019s refugees,**\n**mainly from Iraq (some** 1.2 **million**\n**according to Government estimates),**\n**while Europe hosted some** 1.6 **million**\n**(** 15 **%). In Europe, refugees from Ser-**\n**bia (and Kosovo: S/RES/** 1244 **(** 1999 **))**\n**(** 159,000 **), Iraq (** 148,000 **), and Turkey**\n\n\n\n**(** 119,500 **) were the largest groups. The**\n**Americas region hosted the smallest**\n**share of refugees (** 8 **%) globally, with**\n**Colombians (** 392,600 **) constituting the**\n**largest number in this region.** **[(10)]**\n\n**A decrease in the number of refu-**\n**gees was observed in the Middle East**\n**and North Africa region, where fig-**\n**ures dropped by** 10 **per cent during**\n**the reporting period, primarily the**\n**result of revised estimates. The Syr-**\n**ian Government\u2019s figure for Iraqi**\n**refugees was revised downward by**\n250,000 **, based on the assumption**\n**that a number of Iraqis had left ei-**\n**ther to return to Iraq or move on-**\n**ward to other countries. Conversely,**\n**the armed conflict in Libya led to an**\n**estimated** 150,000 **Libyans fleeing,**\n**primarily to Tunisia. Almost all of**\n**them had returned to Libya by the**\n**end of the year. More than** 27,000 **So-**\n**mali refugees arrived in Yemen dur-**\n**ing the year.**\n**In sub-Saharan Africa, the num-**\n**ber of refugees had declined for nine**\n**consecutive years from** 2001 **to** 2009 **.**\n**In** 2010 **, the trend reversed as** **the**\n**number of refugees rose, and has**\n\n\n\n**Yemen | Risking all**\n**for a better future**\nPlagued by violence,\ndrought and poverty\u2026\n\n\n\n**9** See Chapter IX for more details on the demographic composition of refugee populations.\n\n\n**10** This figure includes 282,300 Colombians in Ecuador, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Panama considered to\nbe in a refugee-like situation.\n\n\n\n**Outside region** **Within region**\n\n\n\n**10** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Available statistical evidence", - "confidence": 0.7546650767326355, - "start": 149, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8679511547088623, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.6723718643188477, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9669094681739807, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic composition of refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.6726372241973877, - "start": 1200, - "end": 1205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8441298007965088, - "start": 1256, - "end": 1257 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombians", - "confidence": 0.8691641092300415, - "start": 1217, - "end": 1218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2011", - "confidence": 0.8548887968063354, - "start": 1253, - "end": 1257 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8562618494033813, - "start": 1256, - "end": 1257 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Colombians", - "confidence": 0.5645921230316162, - "start": 1217, - "end": 1218 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Refugees
628,400|People in
refugee-like
situations
-|Total
refugees|Refugees
635,100|People in
refugee-like
situations
-|Total
refugees|Absolute|%|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees
628,400|People in
refugee-like
situations
-|**628,400**|**628,400**|**628,400**|**635,100**|6,700|1.1%|\n|1,206,100|34,300|**1,240,400**|1,606,900|26,000|**1,632,900**|392,500|31.6%|\n|146,200|-|**146,200**|144,900|-|**144,900**|-1,300|-0.9%|\n|168,300|-|**168,300**|280,500|-|**280,500**|112,200|66.7%|\n\n\n\n\n***** Excluding North Africa.\n\n\n\n**During the uprising in Libya**\nhundreds of thousands of people,\nincluding a significant number of\nmigrant workers, fled to Tunisia.\nHanif is from Bangladesh but was\nliving in Libya. He is waiting to be\nprovided with temporary shelter\nat the transit camp of Choucha Ras\nDjir, situated eight kilometers from\nthe Tunisian border with Libya.\n\n\n**Islamic Rep. of**\n**Iran | Afghan**\n**refugees** At a recent\nconference in Geneva, the\ninternational community.\u2026\n\n\nof a re-registration exercise known as\n\u201cAmayesh VII\u201d for Afghan refugees.\nAccording to Government estimates,\nthe Syrian Arab Republic was host to\n750,000 Iraqi refugees, making it the\nthird largest refugee-hosting country.\nThe Government revised its 2011 figure\nby 25 per cent (-250,000 people), based on\nthe assumption that a number of Iraqis\nhad left the country. UNHCR had registered and was assisting 100,300 Iraqi\nrefugees in the Syrian Arab Republic at\nthe end of 2011.\nGermany reported 571,700 refugees\nat the end of 2011, a decrease of 4 per cent\n(-22,600 people). Kenya was the fifth\nlargest hosting country at the end of\n2011 with 566,500 refugees. The overall\n\n\n**11** In the absence of official refugee statistics,\nUNHCR is required to estimate refugee populations\nin 24 industrialized countries.\n\n**12** Idem.\n\n\n\ncontinued into 2011. By the end of 2011,\nthere were close to 2.7 million refugees\nin sub-Saharan Africa, roughly half a\nmillion more than at the beginning\nof the year. However, the numbers remained below those of 2000 when more\nthan 3.4 million people were refugees in\nsub-Saharan Africa.\nDue to conflict, violence and drought\nin southern and central Somalia, close\nto 300,000 Somalis left their homes in\n2011 and sought refuge abroad, mainly\nin Kenya (163,100) and Ethiopia (101,000).\nOverall, an estimated 700,000 Somalis have left their country during the\npast five years. C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire witnessed\na large-scale outflow of refugees in 2011,\nwhen an estimated 207,000 people fled\nmostly to Liberia (about 200,000), with\nsmaller numbers arriving in Ghana\nand Guinea. With the gradual return\nof civil order as from April 2011, more\nthan 135,200 people were able to return\nto C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire by the end of the year.\nConflicts or human rights violations in\nEritrea and Sudan led to new outflows of\nmore than 127,500 refugees, primarily to\nSouth Sudan (76,800), Ethiopia (30,200),\nand Israel (15,300). In total some 236,000\nrefugees across sub-Saharan Africa were\nable to return home in safety and dignity,\nincluding to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (135,200), Sudan (50,000), the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (21,100), the Central African\nRepublic (9,000), and Rwanda (8,500).\nIn the Americas, the refugee population remained virtually unchanged\n(+0.4%), at roughly 807,000. The United\nStates of America accounted for one\nthird of refugees in this region according\nto UNHCR estimates (264,800). **[(11)]** Some\n2,700 Colombians were granted refu\n\n\ngee status in Ecuador bringing the total\nnumber of Colombian refugees (54,300)\nand people in a refugee-like situation\n(68,300) to 122,600 at the end of 2011. In\nthe Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,\nthe total number of Colombian refugees\nand persons in a refugee-like situation\nremained stable at about 202,000.\nIn the Asia and Pacific region, the\ntotal number of refugees, including\npeople in a refugee-like situation, was\nestimated at 3.6 million at the end of\n2011, a decrease of 10 per cent during the\nyear. This was largely due to revised estimates of Afghan refugees in Pakistan\nand the Islamic Republic of Iran, following comprehensive registration exercises in both countries. In Pakistan, the\nAfghan refugee estimate dropped from\n1.9 to 1.7 million while in the Islamic Republic of Iran it went from slightly over\n1 million at the start of 2011, to 840,500\nby year-end. Voluntary repatriation of\nabout 71,000 Afghans from both countries also contributed to these reductions.\nIn Europe, the refugee population decreased by 49,000 people to 1.56 million\nat the end of 2011 (-3%) largely as a result\nof revised estimates in Germany and in\nthe United Kingdom. In Germany, the\nfigure decreased from 594,300 at the\nstart of 2011 to 571,700 by year-end. In the\nUnited Kingdom, UNHCR\u2019s estimate\nof the refugee population was revised\ndownwards from 238,200 to 193,500. **[(12)]**\n\n\nCOUNTRIES OF ASYLUM\nWith one exception, the 10 major refugee-hosting countries in 2011 were the\nsame as in 2010. The United Kingdom\ndropped out of the list of the top 10, and\nEthiopia moved into ninth place [ _see_\n**Figure 4** _page_ 14]. Together, these 10 countries accounted for 59 per cent of all refugees under UNHCR\u2019s mandate.\nAs in 2010, Pakistan hosted the largest number of refugees (1.7 million),\nnearly all from Afghanistan, with a\ndecrease of almost 200,000 in the total refugee population in the country.\nThe decrease was partly due to a large\nnumber of registered Afghans not having renewed their Proof of Registration\ncard by 31 December 2011. The Islamic\nRepublic of Iran hosted 886,500 refugees\nby year-end, again almost all Afghans.\nThe Government decreased its refugee\nestimate by 187,000 people as a result\n\n\n\nTABLE 1 **Refugee populations by UNHCR regions** | 2011\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Major refugee origin**\n\n\n - = 500,000\n\n\n250,000 to < 500,000\n\n\n100,000 to < 250,000\n\n\n10,000 to < 100,000\n\n\n< 10,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n***** Government estimate. UNHCR has registered and is assisting 132,500 Iraqi refugees in both countries.\n\n****** The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from\nthe Government of China.\n\n******* UNHCR estimate.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthe relative weight of hosting refugees. If\nthe number of refugees per 1 USD GDP\n(PPP) per capita is high, the relative contribution and effort made by countries\ncompared to their national economy can\nbe considered as high. The 20 countries\nwith the largest number of refugees per\n1 USD GDP per capita are all developing\ncountries, and include 12 Least Developed Countries. Moreover, more than\n4.7 million refugees, representing 45\nper cent of the world\u2019s refugees, resided\nin countries whose GDP (PPP) per capita\nwas below USD 3,000.\nAt the end of 2011, Pakistan had the\nhighest number of refugees compared to\nits national economy [ _see_ **Figure 6** ], hosting 605 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP)\nper capita. The Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo was second with 399 refugees\nper 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita, followed\nby Kenya (321), Liberia (290), Ethiopia\n(253), and Chad (211). The first developed\ncountry was Germany, in 26 [th] place,\nwith 15 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP)\nper capita.\n\n\n**13** Source for Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing\nPower Parity): International Monetary Fund, World\nEconomic Outlook Database, April 2012 (accessed\n25 April 2012).\n\n**14** Source for national populations: United Nations,\nPopulation Division, \u00ab _World Population Prospects:_\n_The 2010 Revision_ \u00bb, New York, 2011.\n\n\n\ntion and assistance provided, and of the\ncontributions made by refugees to the\nhost country. In practice, however, comprehensive and comparable data are not\navailable to allow this calculation.\nCountries with strong economies are\nmore likely to be capable of absorbing\nand supporting refugees. By comparing\nthe refugee population with the average\nincome level of a country according to\nthe Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Purchasing Power Parity) **[(13)]** per capita **[(14)]**, a\nstatistical measure can be obtained of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n***** May include citizens of South Sudan (in absence of separate statistics for both countries).\n\n****** Includes people in a refugee-like situation.\n\n******* The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from\nthe Government of China.\n\n\n\nremained relatively stable compared to\nearly 2011. For Myanmar, figures include\nan estimated 200,000 unregistered people\nin Bangladesh, while for Colombians, it includes refugees as well people in a refugeelike situation in Ecuador, the Bolivarian\nRepublic of Venezuela and Panama.\n\n\nCAPACITIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS\nOF HOST COUNTRIES\n\n\nThe impact of hosting refugees should,\nin theory, be quantifiable in terms of\nthe national and international protec\n\n\ncountries, Afghanistan remained the\nleading country of origin of refugees in\n2011. On average, one out of four refugees\nin the world were from Afghanistan,\nwith 95 per cent of them located in Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.\nIraqis were the second largest group,\nwith an estimated 1.4 million having\nsought refuge mainly in neighbouring\ncountries. Afghan and Iraqi refugees accounted for more than one-third (39%) of\nall refugees under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility worldwide. [ _see_ **Map 2** ]\nSomalis constituted the third largest\nrefugee group under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility, with almost 1.1 million people at\nthe end of 2011, three times as many as\nin 2004. As conditions in Somalia continued to deteriorate, particularly in the\ncentral and southern areas of the country, the combination of conflict, violence,\ndrought, and famine caused more than\n300,000 people to flee their country in\n2011. More than half found shelter at the\nDadaab refugee camps in Kenya. Others\nfled to Ethiopia (101,000), Yemen (27,400),\nand Djibouti (5,700). In Dadaab, the development of new sites, registration, deliveries of emergency assistance and services\ncontinued throughout the year. As from\nOctober, violence against Kenyan security forces and humanitarian workers crippled the ability of aid agencies to deliver\nall but life-saving assistance\u2013food, water\nand health services.\nSudan was the fourth largest country\nof origin, with 500,000 refugees under\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate at the end of 2011.\nFighting in southern areas of Sudan\ndrove thousands of refugees out of the\ncountry. An estimated 102,000 people\nfled Sudan during 2011, mainly to South\nSudan (76,800) and Ethiopia (19,200).\nMany families left with few belongings\nand walked for weeks through the bush,\nstopping where there was water and moving on when the source ran dry. Some\nwere stranded in heavily-forested areas\nbordering South Sudan.\nOther main source countries of refugees were the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (491,500), Myanmar (414,600),\nand Colombia (395,900). The number of\nCongolese refugees increased by about\n14,700, mainly as a result of almost 8,000\nasylum-seekers being granted refugee status in Burundi and Uganda. The numbers\nof refugees from Myanmar and Colombia\n\n\n\n\n\nfigure increased by 163,600 people during the year (+41%), mainly as a result of\nnew arrivals from Somalia. From 2009\nto 2011, 374,000 Somali refugees arrived\nin Kenya, stretching the capacity of the\nDadaab and Kakuma refugee camps to a\nmaximum. In Jordan, the Government\u2019s\nestimate of Iraqi refugees remained unchanged at 450,000, of whom UNHCR\nhas registered and assisted 32,200. In\nChad, the overall refugee population increased by 5 per cent to 366,500 by the\nend of 2011, partly due to new arrivals\nfrom Sudan. The country was thus the\nseventh largest refugee-hosting country\nin the world.\nEstimated numbers in China re\n\n\nmained unchanged from 2010. On the\nother hand, Ethiopia witnessed mass\nnew arrivals in 2011. In 2008 Ethiopia\nhad been host to 83,600 refugees, the\n27 [th] largest refugee-hosting country in\nthe world at that time, and the lowest\nlevel for Ethiopia in nearly three decades. Since 2008 refugee figures have\nmore than tripled with the arrival of\nhundreds of thousands of Eritrean and\nSomali refugees. By the end of 2011,\nthe refugee population had grown to\n288,800 making Ethiopia host to the\nninth largest refugee population.\n\n\nCOUNTRIES OF ORIGIN\nWith close to 2.7 million refugees in 79\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**14** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World\nEconomic Outlook Database", - "confidence": 0.6712229251861572, - "start": 339, - "end": 343 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "International Monetary Fund", - "confidence": 0.5178732872009277, - "start": 335, - "end": 338 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.6624671816825867, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8072758913040161, - "start": 211, - "end": 212 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6716153025627136, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "refugee figures", - "confidence": 0.6791978478431702, - "start": 1263, - "end": 1265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.5733329057693481, - "start": 1215, - "end": 1216 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6547031402587891, - "start": 1221, - "end": 1222 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.760835587978363, - "start": 1208, - "end": 1209 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.803314208984375, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IV\nDurable Solutions\n\n\n_Of the three durable solutions sought by UNHCR and the international community to resolve_\n_the plight of refugees, voluntary repatriation has benefited the largest number of refugees_\n_over the years. While this remains the preferred solution among most of the world\u2019s refugees,_\n_persistent conflict, fear of persecution or lack of basic services in the areas of return often_\n_prevent them from returning to their countries of origin. For some refugees, resettlement to_\n_a third country is the only way to find permanent safety and the enjoyment of fundamental_\n_human rights. Local integration is a complex and gradual process, involving legal, economic_\n_and socio-cultural dimensions. In many cases, acquiring the nationality of the country of_\n_asylum is the culmination of this process. Local integration as a process is difficult to measure_\n_in numerical terms, given the variety of legal and practical forms it can take. The analysis of_\n_local integration data appearing below is therefore limited, and subject to the availability of_\n_statistics on the naturalization of refugees in host countries._ **[(15)]**\n\n\n\n**open up solutions that might other-**\n**wise have remained closed.**\n\n\nVOLUNTARY REPATRIATION\n**The number of refugees returning**\n**home voluntarily has fallen steadily**\n\n\n\n**since** 2004 **. This trend was reversed**\n**in** 2011 **, with an estimated** 532,000\n**refugees repatriating during the**\n**year.** **[(16)]** **This was more than double**\n**the figure (+** 169 **%) in** 2010 **(** 197,600 **), and**\n**the highest since** 2008 **, when** 604,000\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**This Tamil refugee family from Sri Lanka**\nis among the first group of returnees travelling\nby sea from India under UNHCR\u2019s voluntary\nrepatriation programme. They wear garlands\nto celebrate their return during a welcoming\nceremony at the harbour in Colombo.\nThe returnees arrived by commercial ferry\nafter an overnight voyage from Tuticorin in\nTamil Nadu, southern India.\n\n\n\n**Sri Lanka | Home**\n**at last** Grace Selvarani\nhas lived in a refugee camp\nin India for the past two\ndecades\u2026\n\n\n\n\n\n**Dem. Rep. of the**\n**Congo | UNHCR**\n**resumes return**\n**operation** for 43,000\nAngolans\u2026\n\n\n\nESETTLEMENT **ben-**\n**efits a comparatively small**\n**number of refugees: in** 2011 **,**\n**less than** 1 **per cent of the**\n**world\u2019s refugees benefited**\n## **Rfrom this durable solution. Over the**\n\n**past five years, some** 455,000 **refu-**\n**gees were resettled compared to** 2.3\n**million refugees who repatriated.**\n**For every refugee resettled since**\n2007 **, approximately five have re-**\n**patriated. In recent years, UNHCR**\n**and States have worked to increase**\n**the use of resettlement as a strategic**\n**durable solution\u2013serving to resolve**\n**some protracted refugees situations,**\n**to create protection space, and to**\n\n\n**15** The need for durable solutions is not limited to\nrefugees: IDPs and stateless persons also require lasting\nresolution to their legal and physical protection needs.\nHowever, due to the lack of reliable and comprehensive\ndata on solutions for other groups, the analysis in this\nsection is confined to durable solutions for refugees.\n\n\n**16** Based on consolidated reports from countries of\nasylum (departure) and origin (return).\n\n\n\n\n\n**16** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "120,000\n\n\n100,000\n\n\n80,000\n\n\n60,000\n\n\n40,000\n\n\n20,000\n\n\n0\n\n|Col1|Col2|Total|reset|tlemen|t arri|vals|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||**UNH**|**CR-as**|**sisted**|** depar**|** tures**|||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n||||||||||||\n\n\n\n\u201800 \u201801 \u201802 \u201803 \u201804 \u201805 \u201806 \u201807 \u201808 \u201809 \u201810 \u201811\n\n\n\n**A former teacher from Libya** stands in his bathroom which is filled with rubble\nfrom a shell that destroyed the roof. The armed conflict in Libya had a\ndevastating impact on families, resulting in both physical and emotional damage.\n\n\nrefugees repatriated. Despite this sharp\nincrease, the number of repatriating\nrefugees in 2011 was the third lowest in a decade. Globally, more than\n9.1 million refugees have returned home\nover the past 10 years, three-quarters of\nthem with UNHCR assistance.\nFor 2011, the main countries of return included Libya (149,000), C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire (135,200), Afghanistan (71,100),\nIraq (67,100), Sudan (50,100), and the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n(21,100). The largest number of refugee\ndepartures was reported by Tunisia\n(149,000), followed by Liberia (135,100),\nPakistan (52,100), Chad (37,400), and\n\n\n\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran (36,900).\nIn the case of Libya and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire,\nthe return took place less than a year\nfollowing the flight.\nAlthough for the first time since\n2009 Afghanistan was not the country\nwith the highest number of returning\nrefugees, it remained the most important country of return in terms of efforts\nto resolve a protracted situation. Overall,\nmore than 5.5 million Afghan refugees\u2013\nor roughly one-fifth of Afghanistan\u2019s\npopulation\u2013have returned home since\n2002, most of them with UNHCR\u2019s assistance. With 71,100 registered returns\nduring the year, levels in 2011 were the\n\n\n\nsecond lowest since large-scale returns\nbegan in 2002.\nIraq reported the highest number\nof refugee returns since 2004, when\n194,000 persons had returned. In 2011,\nfigures reached 67,100, more than double those of 2010 (28,900). This increase\ncould be the result of a government decision to increase the amount of funds allocated to returnees, an increase in security and a reduction in sectarian violence.\nOverall, more than half a million Iraqis\nhave returned between 2003 and 2011.\n\n\nRESETTLEMENT\nResettlement continued to play a vital\nrole as an essential component of comprehensive frameworks for durable solutions. It also constituted an important\nprotection tool, and an international\nresponsibility-sharing mechanism.\nWorldwide, the resettlement base has\nexpanded to 26 countries in 2011. The\nadoption of the Joint European Union\n(EU) Resettlement Scheme **[(17)]** is expected\nto enhance the number of resettlement\nplaces available in EU Member States.\nHowever, the number of resettlement\nplaces offered by States has not significantly increased over the years, and has\nremained at around 80,000. Global\nresettlement placement needs, assessed at\nsome 800,000, thus exceeded the number of places available by a ratio of 1:10.\nIn 2011, UNHCR submitted some\n92,000 refugees for resettlement. Ten\nper cent of all submissions were for\nwomen and girls at risk, the highest percentage of the last six years. Overall, submission levels declined, due to the time\ninvolved in processing complex cases\nand to UNHCR\u2019s decision to contain\nsubmission levels to avoid the accumulation of pending cases for certain refugee\npopulations which are unable to depart.\nDuring the year, a total of 79,800 refugees were admitted by 22 resettlement\ncountries, including the United States\nof America (51,500), **[(18) ]** Canada (12,900),\nAustralia (9,200), Sweden (1,900), and\nNorway (1,300). Overall, this was almost\n20,000 people less than in 2010 (98,800).\n\n\n**17** See http://www.unhcr.org/4f7589ef9.html.\n\n\n\nThe United States of America and Canada together admitted four-fifths of all\nresettled refugees in 2011.\nOf all those resettled in 2011, almost 62,000 individuals departed with\nUNHCR\u2019s assistance\u201314 per cent less\nthan in 2010. This sharp decrease was\ndue to tightened security screening affecting Iraqi and Somali refugees in particular, and to a lack of access by resettlement selection missions to major processing countries (Syrian Arab Republic,\nKenya) for security and safety reasons.\nBy nationality, the main beneficiaries\nof the UNHCR-facilitated resettlement\nprogrammes in 2011 were refugees from\nBhutan (18,100), Myanmar (17,900), Iraq\n(8,900), and Somalia (4,800).\nUNHCR offices in 83 countries of\nasylum were involved in facilitating\nresettlement processing during 2011.\nThe largest number of refugees resettled with UNHCR\u2019s assistance departed from Nepal (18,100), Thailand\n(9,600), Malaysia (8,400), the Syrian Arab Republic (4,700), and Turkey\n(4,400). These five UNHCR offices\ncombined accounted for 7 out of every\n10 resettlement departure assisted by\nthe organization in 2011.\n\n\n\nLOCAL INTEGRATION\nMeasuring the degree and nature of\nlocal integration in quantitative terms\nhas remained a challenge. In instances\nwhere refugees acquired citizenship\nthrough naturalization, statistics were\noften limited by the fact that many of\nthe countries concerned make no distinction between the naturalization of\nrefugees and that of others. National\nlaws in many other countries do not\npermit refugees to be naturalized.\nHence, the naturalization of refugees\ntends to be restricted and, where feasible, under-reported.\nNevertheless, the limited data on\nnaturalization of refugees available to\nUNHCR show that during the past decade at least 900,000 refugees have been\ngranted citizenship by their asylum\ncountry. The United States of America\nalone accounted for two-thirds of this\nfigure. **[(19)]** For 2011, UNHCR was informed of refugees being granted citizenship in 25 countries, including Belgium\n(1,200), Ireland (1,100), Viet Nam (940),\nArmenia (420), and Georgia (230).\n\n\n\n**18** During US Fiscal Year 2011, some 56,400 refugees were resettled to the United States of America.\n\n**19** The United States of America ceased issuing statistics on the number of naturalized refugees. The latest available information dates back to 2009, when 55,300 refugees\nwere naturalized between January and September of that year.\n\n\n\n**18** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **19**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered returns", - "confidence": 0.8602853417396545, - "start": 502, - "end": 504 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6317134499549866, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Afghanistan", - "confidence": 0.7375197410583496, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5522909164428711, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.8066217303276062, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Afghan refugees", - "confidence": 0.8893709182739258, - "start": 471, - "end": 473 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.6793331503868103, - "start": 1165, - "end": 1166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6410945653915405, - "start": 1072, - "end": 1073 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9821964502334595, - "start": 1069, - "end": 1070 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on\nnaturalization of refugees", - "confidence": 0.9183151721954346, - "start": 1226, - "end": 1231 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.899503231048584, - "start": 1233, - "end": 1234 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.9153846502304077, - "start": 1256, - "end": 1260 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6389006972312927, - "start": 1278, - "end": 1279 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9485930800437927, - "start": 1200, - "end": 1201 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics on the number of naturalized refugees", - "confidence": 0.8872613310813904, - "start": 1361, - "end": 1368 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "United States of America", - "confidence": 0.9824970364570618, - "start": 1355, - "end": 1359 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2009", - "confidence": 0.9990342855453491, - "start": 1376, - "end": 1377 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "naturalized refugees", - "confidence": 0.8655256628990173, - "start": 1366, - "end": 1368 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends", - "confidence": 0.5321433544158936, - "start": 1398, - "end": 1401 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9921355247497559, - "start": 1401, - "end": 1402 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5156888961791992, - "start": 1405, - "end": 1406 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "V\n\nInternally Displaced Persons\n\n\n_The global number of conflict-generated IDPs at the end of_ 2011 _was estimated at some_\n26.4 _million._ **[(20)]** _The number of IDPs, including people in IDP-like situations_ **[(21)]** _who benefited from_\n_UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance activities stood at almost_ 15.5 _million at the end_\n_of_ 2011 _. This was the second highest figure on record, and almost_ 800,000 _more than at the end_\n_of_ 2010 _(_ 14.7 _million). The increase was partly due to new or renewed displacement occurring in_\n_Afghanistan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen. UNHCR offices reported_\n_at least_ 2.9 _million newly-displaced people in_ 2011 _. More than_ 3.2 _million IDPs returned home_\n_during the reporting period - the highest number in_ 15 _years. In countries where UNHCR_\n_was engaged with IDPs in_ 2011 _, returns were highest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo_\n_(_ 822,700 _), Pakistan (_ 620,400 _), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (_ 466,800 _), and Libya (_ 458,000 _). UNHCR statistics_\n_at the end of_ 2011 _included IDP populations in a total of_ 26 _countries._\n\n\n\n**was approximately** 2.4 **million** **[(22)]** **by**\n**the end of the year. In Somalia, the**\n**IDP figure stood at an estimated** 1.4\n**million. In the newly-independent**\n**State of South Sudan, an estimated**\n350,000 **people were displaced in**\n2011 **, due to fighting. The number of**\n**IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR,**\n**including that of persons in IDP-like**\n**situation, stood at** 560,200 **by the end**\n**of** 2011 **. Renewed conflict and security**\n**concerns displaced** 212,000 **people in**\n**Afghanistan in** 2011 **; by the end of the**\n**year, the number of IDPs was esti-**\n**mated at almost** 447,500 **, compared**\n**to** 351,900 **in** 2010 **.**\n**In Yemen, internal displacement**\n**continued as tens of thousands of ci-**\n**vilians fled tribal clashes in the north**\n\n\n\n**20** For detailed statistics on global internal\ndisplacement, see the IDMC website at www.internaldisplacement.org.\n\n\n**21** As in Kyrgyzstan (160,500), South Sudan (207,200),\nand Sudan (83,100).\n\n\n**22** According to IDMC estimates, the number of IDPs in\nSudan is estimated at up to 5.2 million.\n\n\n\n**Indigenous children from the Tule ethnic**\n**group** in Colombia\u2019s Choco region perform\na traditional dance with a flute. This ethnic\ngroup has only recently been able to return\nto its land. However, the presence of armed\ngroups in the area means that they are at\nrisk of being displaced again.\n\n\n\n**Somalia | Dollow:**\n**Help inside Somalia**\nDollow is a dusty Somali\nborder town with a bridge\u2026\n\n\n\nN COLOMBIA, **where the**\n**Government began registering**\n**IDPs in** 1997 **, more than** 3.8 **mil-**\n**lion IDPs were reported as reg-**\n**istered at year-end. Escalating**\n## **Iviolence in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire displaced an**\n\n**estimated one million people during**\n**the year while the uprising in Libya**\n**displaced more than half a million**\n**people within the country. In both**\n**countries, hundreds of thousands of**\n**IDPs were able to return to their place**\n**of habitual residence during the year,**\n**reducing the estimated number of**\n**IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR**\n**to** 126,700 **(C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire) and** 93,600\n**(Libya) respectively.**\n**In Sudan, the number of IDPs**\n**protected or assisted by UNHCR**\n\n\n\n**Libya |**\n**Displacement in**\n**Libya:** Misrata,\nBenghazi and Tobru\u2026\n\n\n\n**20** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **21**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics on global internal\ndisplacement", - "confidence": 0.8468785285949707, - "start": 524, - "end": 529 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IDMC", - "confidence": 0.8470770120620728, - "start": 532, - "end": 533 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.7178694009780884, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6564909219741821, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and renewed fighting between government troops and militant groups in the\nsouth. As a consequence, the number\nof IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR\nin the country rose to 347,300\u2013153,600\npersons more than in 2010.\nIn Pakistan, although more than\n620,000 displaced people were able to\nreturn home in 2011, an estimated\n453,000 remained displaced within\n\n\n\nthe country at year-end. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, more than\n822,000 IDPs returned to their homes\nin 2011; however, the number of IDPs at\nyear-end remained high (1.7 million) as a\nresult of renewed conflict. **[(23)]**\n\nSome 96,000 IDPs in Uganda were\nable to return to their villages in the\ncourse of the year, reducing the IDP\npopulation remaining in camps and\n\n\n\ntransit sites to less than 30,000, and\nmarking the end of UNHCR\u2019s assistance to displaced people in the country.\nAt the conflict\u2019s peak in 2005, caused by\nfighting between the Ugandan army\nand the rebel Lord\u2019s Resistance Army,\nthere had been 1.84 million IDPs living\nin 251 camps across 11 districts of northern Uganda.\n\n\n**23** The number of newly displaced persons in the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo in 2011 is unknown.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**22** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "VI\nAsylum-seekers\n\n\n_This section presents main trends in individual asylum applications lodged in_ 2011 _, with an_\n_overview of decisions. It does not include information on mass influxes of refugees, nor on those_\n_granted refugee status on a group or_ prima facie _basis._\n\n\n\nURING 2011, **some** 876,100 **[(24)]** **plications worldwide. Although the**\n**individual applications for** 2011 **figure was** 69 **per cent lower than** **24** Owing to the fact that some European countries\n**asylum or refugee status** **in** 2010 **(** 180,600 **claims), it was twice** have not yet released all their national asylum data at the time of writing, this figure is likely to be revised later\n**were submitted to Govern-** **that of** 2006 **when a mere** 53,400 **in-** this year.\n**ments or UNHCR offices** **dividuals had sought international** **25** industrialized countries, see For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in _Asylum Levels and Trends_\n## Din 171 countries or territories. This protection there. Between 2006 and in Industrialized Countries, 2011, UNHCR Geneva, March\n\n**constituted a** 3 **per cent increase com-** 2011 **, South Africa registered more** 2012, available at: html. http://www.unhcr.org/4e9beaa19.\n**pared to the previous year (** 850,300 **than** 816,000 **new asylum applica-** **26** Despite the fact that statistical reporting on new\n**claims) and was in line with increases** **tions, making it by far the top des-** asylum-seekers has improved in recent years, in particular in Europe, it should be borne in mind that the data for\n**observed in industrialized countries** **tination for asylum-seekers for this** some countries include a significant number of repeat\n**in** 2011 **.** **[(25) ]** **Of the provisional total of** **six-year period. Zimbabweans ac-** claims, i.e. the applicant has submitted at least one previous application in the same or another country.\n876,100 **asylum claims, an estimated** **counted for more than half of claims** **27** Statistical information on outcomes of asylum\n738,200 **were initial applications** **[(26)]** **submitted in South Africa during** appeals and court proceedings is under-reported in\n**lodged in first instance procedures** **this period\u2013close to half a million** UNHCR statistics, particularly in industrialized countries, because this type of data is often either not collected by\n\nStates or not published separately.\n\n\n\n**plications worldwide. Although the**\n2011 **figure was** 69 **per cent lower than**\n**in** 2010 **(** 180,600 **claims), it was twice**\n**that of** 2006 **when a mere** 53,400 **in-**\n**dividuals had sought international**\n**protection there. Between** 2006 **and**\n2011 **, South Africa registered more**\n**than** 816,000 **new asylum applica-**\n**tions, making it by far the top des-**\n**tination for asylum-seekers for this**\n**six-year period. Zimbabweans ac-**\n**counted for more than half of claims**\n**submitted in South Africa during**\n**this period\u2013close to half a million**\n**asylum applications. As in past years,**\n**Zimbabweans lodged half of all asy-**\n**lum claims registered in South Af-**\n**rica in** 2011 **(** 51,000 **applications).**\n\n\n\n**24** Owing to the fact that some European countries\nhave not yet released all their national asylum data at\nthe time of writing, this figure is likely to be revised later\nthis year.\n\n\n\n**25** For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in\nindustrialized countries, see _Asylum Levels and Trends_\n_in Industrialized Countries, 2011_, UNHCR Geneva, March\n2012, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/4e9beaa19.\nhtml.\n\n\n\n**26** Despite the fact that statistical reporting on new\nasylum-seekers has improved in recent years, in particular\nin Europe, it should be borne in mind that the data for\nsome countries include a significant number of repeat\nclaims, i.e. the applicant has submitted at least one\nprevious application in the same or another country.\n\n\n\nTABLE 2 **New and appeal applications received**\n\n\n\n\n\n**These asylum-seekers,** who were rescued by\nthe Italian coastguard, are lucky to be alive.\nTheir boat sank on its way from North Africa\nto the Italian island of Lampedusa.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Greece | In the**\n**waiting line** Every\nFriday, asylum-seekers\ncrowd around the police\nstation in Athens \u2026\n\n\n\n**Greece | Beyond**\n**the border** The Turkish\nborder with Greece\nbecame the main entry\npoint\u2026\n\n\n\nURING 2011, **some** 876,100 **[(24)]**\n**individual applications for**\n**asylum or refugee status**\n**were submitted to Govern-**\n**ments or UNHCR offices**\n## Din 171 countries or territories. This\n\n**constituted a** 3 **per cent increase com-**\n**pared to the previous year (** 850,300\n**claims) and was in line with increases**\n**observed in industrialized countries**\n**in** 2011 **.** **[(25) ]** **Of the provisional total of**\n876,100 **asylum claims, an estimated**\n738,200 **were initial applications** **[(26)]**\n**lodged in first instance procedures**\n**while the remaining** 137,900 **claims**\n**were submitted at second instance,**\n**including with courts or other ap-**\n**pellate bodies.** **[(27)]**\n\n**UNHCR offices registered some**\n98,800 **applications out of the provi-**\n**sional total of** 876,100 **claims in** 2011 **,**\n**slightly more than the year before**\n**(** 96,800 **). The Office\u2019s share in the**\n**global number of applications regis-**\n**tered remained stable at** 11 **per cent.**\n\n\nNEW INDIVIDUAL ASYLUM\nAPPLICATIONS RECEIVED\n\n**With close to** 107,000 **new asylum**\n**claims registered in** 2011 **, South**\n**Africa was the first destination for**\n**new asylum-seekers for the fourth**\n**successive year, accounting for al-**\n**most one-tenth of all individual ap-**\n\n\n\n% UNHCR only 13% 11% 11%\n\n\n***** Provisional figures.\n\n\n****** Includes revised estimates.\n\n\n******* Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly by UNHCR\nand the governments.\n\n\n\n**24** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **25**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national asylum data", - "confidence": 0.8325307369232178, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "European countries", - "confidence": 0.5875656008720398, - "start": 111, - "end": 113 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.5361924171447754, - "start": 183, - "end": 184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5131658315658569, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistical information on outcomes of asylum", - "confidence": 0.8975140452384949, - "start": 503, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5640784502029419, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Africa", - "confidence": 0.7737004160881042, - "start": 532, - "end": 534 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.8949873447418213, - "start": 565, - "end": 567 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.520749032497406, - "start": 565, - "end": 566 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Africa", - "confidence": 0.5077283382415771, - "start": 532, - "end": 534 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national asylum data", - "confidence": 0.972491443157196, - "start": 850, - "end": 853 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5880314707756042, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5138995051383972, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical reporting on new\nasylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.6154030561447144, - "start": 918, - "end": 923 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Geneva", - "confidence": 0.6270115375518799, - "start": 897, - "end": 899 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "industrialized countries", - "confidence": 0.6305422782897949, - "start": 883, - "end": 885 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5851443409919739, - "start": 815, - "end": 816 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new\nasylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7159414887428284, - "start": 921, - "end": 923 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2011", - "confidence": 0.9609134197235107, - "start": 1531, - "end": 1535 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5490123629570007, - "start": 1521, - "end": 1522 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.7204541563987732, - "start": 1532, - "end": 1533 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9080048203468323, - "start": 1534, - "end": 1535 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|(x 1,000)|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n||**2010**|\n||**2011**|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\n**Provisional data indicate that**\n17,700 individual asylum applications\nwere lodged by UASC in 69 countries\nin 2011. This constituted about 4 per\ncent of the total number of asylum\nclaims lodged in those countries, and\nwas consistent with the percentage\nobserved in 2009 and 2010 (4%\neach). In absolute terms, however,\nthe number of UASC seeking asylum\nincreased compared to 2010 (15,600\nclaims in 69 countries), consistent\n\n\n\n| 2010-2011\n\n\n200\n\n\n180\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n160\n\n\n140\n\n\n120\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nSouth USA France Germany Italy Sweden Belgium UK Canada Ghana\nAfrica\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nten applications in the country were\nlodged by Afghans.\nIn Italy, following significantly increased numbers of new asylum applicants in 2008 (30,300 claims), many of\nthem arriving by sea, the number of people requesting international protection\nthere declined to a five-year low in 2010\n(10,000 claims). In 2011, however, this\ntrend was reversed with an estimated\n34,100 **[(29)]** asylum applications registered\n(+240%). This figure, linked to a large extent to upheaval in North Africa in 20102011, constituted an all-time record for\nItaly, making it the fifth largest recipient\nof asylum-seekers worldwide in 2011. Nigeria remained the main country of origin of asylum-seekers with 6,200 claims\nregistered (up from 1,400 a year earlier),\nfollowed by Tunisia (4,600 claims) and\nGhana (3,100 claims). Other important\ndestination countries for asylum-seekers\nwere Sweden (29,600), Belgium (26,000),\nthe United Kingdom (25,500), Canada\n(25,000) **[(30)]**, and Ghana (20,100).\nIn 2011, UNHCR offices registered\n80,100 new individual applications for\nrefugee status and 18,700 on appeal or for\nreview. The office in Turkey received the\nlargest number of new requests (16,000).\nMalaysia received the second largest\n(15,700 new claims), followed by Yemen\n(5,400), Egypt (5,200), Jordan (4,600), and\nTunisia (4,500). Among the countries\nlisted in **Table 3**, offices in Turkey, Jordan,\nYemen, Egypt and Tunisia were confronted with an increase in applications\nwhile those in Malaysia, Cameroon and\nthe Syrian Arab Republic experienced\na decrease. In India and Indonesia, levels\nremained relatively stable. The top five\nUNHCR offices receiving asylum applications registered 59 per cent of all new\nclaims in 2011. Moreover, four-fifths of\nUNHCR\u2019s refugee status determination\nwork (in terms of applications received)\nwas concentrated in 10 countries.\nEvents related to the \u2018Arab Spring\u2019, in\nparticular in Libya and the Syrian Arab\nRepublic, placed significant pressures\non UNHCR\u2019s RSD operations in the\n\n\n\nThe United States of America received roughly three-quarters of the\nnumber of new claims in South Africa\u2013an estimated 76,000 applications. **[(28)]**\nThis number represented an increase\nof 40 per cent in 2011, compared to 2010\n(54,400). Primarily asylum-seekers\nfrom China (+20%), Mexico (+94%) and\nIndia (+241%) accounted for this increase.\nAlmost half of all asylum claims in the\ncountry were lodged by asylum-seekers\nfrom China (26%), Mexico (14%), or El\nSalvador (7%).\nFrance was the third largest recipient\nin 2011 (52,100 claims), recording an 8 per\n\n\nTABLE 3\n**New asylum claims**\n**lodged in 2011 in**\n**top 10 UNHCR offices** **[*]**\n\n\n\ncent increase compared to 2010 (48,100\nclaims)\u2013the fourth consecutive yearly\nrise. The increase in 2011 was partly\ndue to a doubling of asylum claims from\nArmenians: from 1,800 in 2010 to more\nthan 3,600 claims a year later. Similarly,\nasylum claims from citizens of C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire tripled, from 530 to almost 1,700\nduring the same period. The Russian\nFederation was the top country of origin\nof asylum-seekers in France, with some\n4,000 asylum claims registered in 2011,\nfollowed by the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (3,800 claims) and Armenia\n(3,600 claims).\nGermany was fourth destination\ncountry for new asylum-seekers in 2011,\nwith more than 45,700 registered asylum\nclaims. This was an 11 per cent increase\ncompared to 2010 (41,300 claims), and\nthe highest since 2003 (50,600 claims).\nThe increase in 2011 was partly the\nresult of higher numbers of asylumseekers from Afghanistan (+32%), the\nSyrian Arab Republic (+77%), and Pakistan (+202%). Afghanistan was also the\ntop country of origin of asylum-seekers\nin Germany, with 7,800 claims registered in 2011. On average, three out of\n\n\n\nTABLE 4 **Substantive decisions taken**\n\n\n\nMiddle East and North Africa as well\nas Turkey. These operations had to respond not only to the protection needs\narising from the large-scale influxes\nof Libyans and Syrians, but also to increased numbers of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees from third countries residing\nor transiting in Libya and the Syrian\nArab Republic, in addition to ongoing\ninfluxes from other neighbouring countries. In Yemen, ongoing conflict in the\nEast and Horn of Africa continued to\nresult in large scale influxes of Somalis\nand Ethiopians, while insecurity inside\nthe country contributed to increased\nnumbers of asylum-seekers on the territory approaching UNHCR.\n\n\n\nBY NATIONALITY\nThe highest number of new asylum\nclaims filed by individuals with UNHCR\nor with States originated from Zimbabwe\n(52,500), Afghanistan (43,000), Somalia\n(35,900), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (33,000), the Dem\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n***** Provisional figures.\n\n****** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly by UNHCR and the governments.\n\n\n\nocratic Republic of the Congo (31,500),\nMyanmar (29,800), and Iraq (29,100) [ _see_\n**Map 4** ]. However, these figures conceal\nthe fact that certain nationalities tend to\ncluster in a limited number of countries.\nFor instance, 9 out of 10 Zimbabwean\n\n\n\n\n\n\n***** Excluding appeal/review claims.\n\n\n\nwith the overall increase in the global\nnumber of asylum-seekers recorded.\n\n\nEurope received 13,300 or three-quarters\nof the 17,700 UASC claims. Sweden and\nGermany registered again the greatest\nnumber of UASC asylum claims in\nEurope, with 2,700 and 2,100 UASC\nclaims respectively. Belgium and the\nUnited Kingdom were other important\nrecipients of UASC applications,\nwith 1,600 and 1,300 UASC claims\nrespectively. Outside Europe, Kenya and\n\n\n\nIndonesia were important destination\ncountries for UASC, with 1,200 and 580\nasylum claims respectively.\n\n\nThe available information indicates that\n5,200 unaccompanied or separated\nchildren were recognized in 2011 as\nrefugees or granted a complementary\nform of protection. Despite a\nsignificantly higher number of UASC\napplications, this figure was lower than\nin 2010 (5,400 positive grants) and 2009\n(7,700 positive grants). Europe accounted\n\n\n\nfor 58 per cent of all positive decisions\nrendered in 2011.\n\n\nThe available information on the\ncountry of origin of UASC confirmed the\ntrend already observed in previous years\nwhereby mainly Afghan and Somali\nchildren applied for asylum. These two\nnationalities accounted for almost half\nof all UASC claims in 2011. \u2022\n\n\n***** For additional information, see _2010_\n_Statistical Yearbook_, p. 45, UNHCR, Geneva.\n\n\n\n**28** Estimated number of individuals based on the number of new cases (38,520) and multiplied by 1.4 to\nreflect the average number of individuals per case (Source: US Department of Homeland Security); and number of\nnew \u201cdefensive\u201d asylum requests lodged with the Executive Office of Immigration Review (22,060, reported\nby individuals).\n\n**29** Provisional figure, subject to change since the Government of Italy is still processing asylum claims\nreceived in 2011.\n\n**30** Source: Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB).\n\n\n\n**26** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **27**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Lebanon | 1 Life**\n**1 Story** Zeinad and Manal,\nstatelessness an obstacle\nto everything\u2026\n\n\n\nVII\n\nStateless Persons\n\n\n\nN DECEMBER 2011, **UNHCR**\n**convened an intergovernmental**\n**meeting to commemorate the**\n60 **[th]** **anniversary of the** 1951 **Con-**\n**vention relating to the Status of**\n## IRefugees and the 50 [th] anniversary of\n\n**the** 1961 **Convention on the Reduc-**\n**tion of Statelessness. Many States**\n**used this occasion to pledge their**\n**accession to one or both of the** 1954\n**and** 1961 **Statelessness Conventions, to**\n**establish statelessness determination**\n**procedures, and to improve levels of**\n**birth registration and civil documen-**\n**tation in order to prevent and reduce**\n**statelessness. In addition, a number**\n**of States expressed their commit-**\n**ment to improve data collection on**\n**stateless populations, including five**\n**States which specifically pledged to**\n**map stateless populations within**\n**their respective territories. UNHCR**\n**has already begun to see the results**\n**of the** 2010 **World Population and**\n**Housing Census Programme** **[(34)]** **in**\n**providing information that is crucial**\n**to determine the magnitude of state-**\n**lessness.** **[(35)]**\n\n**The statistics in this report only**\n**include data on countries for which**\n\n\n\n**reliable official statistics or estimates**\n**of stateless populations were avail-**\n**able.** **Annex table 7** **[(36)]** **includes some**\n**countries (marked with an asterisk)**\n**for which UNHCR has information**\n**about the existence of significant**\n**stateless populations but for which**\n**no reliable figures were available.**\n**They include the Dominican Repub-**\n**lic, India and Indonesia.**\n**Following a gradual expansion**\n**in data coverage and awareness of**\n**stateless persons in recent years, the**\n**quality of data improved somewhat**\n**in** 2011 **, but the number of countries**\n**reporting statelessness figures did not**\n**increase. By the end of** 2011 **, statistics**\n**on stateless populations were avail-**\n**able for** 64 **countries, compared to the**\n30 **countries reporting these figures**\n**in** 2004 **, when UNHCR first started**\n**systematically collecting statistics**\n**on stateless populations. For** 2011 **,**\n**UNHCR offices reported an identified**\n3.5 **million stateless persons, a figure**\n\n\n\n\n\n_Identifying stateless persons remains key to addressing their difficulties, and to enabling_\n_UNHCR to fulfil its mandate with respect to stateless persons. This responsibility includes_\n_the prevention and reduction of statelessness and the protection of stateless persons, and_\n_involves informing the international community of the magnitude of statelessness around the_\n_world. Measuring statelessness is complicated by the very nature of the phenomenon. Stateless_\n_people often live in precarious situations on the margin of society, frequently lacking identity_\n_documentation, and subject to discrimination. Only a minority of countries have procedures_\n_in place for the identification, registration and documentation of stateless persons._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nasylum claims were lodged in South\nAfrica. Almost half of all Afghan asylum claims were lodged either in Turkey\n(7,900) or Germany (5,800). Similarly,\nhalf of all Somali asylum requests were\nsubmitted in South Africa (10,000),\nSweden (4,000), and Uganda (4,000).\nEven though asylum-seekers from C\u00f4te\nd\u2019Ivoire sought protection in almost 90\ncountries, 7 out of 10 requested refugee\nstatus either in Ghana (18,000 claims) or\nin Togo (5,200 claims).\n\n\nDECISIONS\nProvisional figures indicate that some\n577,100 decisions on individual asylum\napplications were rendered during 2011.\nUNHCR staff adjudicated 52,600, or\n9 per cent of the total\u2013a slightly lower\nshare than in 2010 (11%). In 10 countries,\nsome 6,500 substantive decisions were\ntaken in joint UNHCR and State procedures. All these figures exclude cases\nwhich were closed for administrative\nreasons **[(31)]** with no decisions on the\n\n\n\nsubstance. In 2011, at least 192,500 cases\nwere closed without substantive decisions issued to applicants.\n2011 data relating to individual decisions are still incomplete as a few States\nhave not yet released all their official statistics. The 2011 decision data quoted in\nthis report are therefore not fully comparable with previous years.\nSome 216,500 asylum-seekers were\nrecognized as refugees (172,500) or given a complementary form of protection\n(44,000) in the course of 2011. This number includes an estimated 21,100 **[(32)]** individuals whose initial negative decisions\nwere subsequently overturned at the appeal or review stage. For countries where\nthe percentage of decisions overturned at\nthe appeal stage is particularly high, this\nmay indicate deficiencies in their asylum\nprocedures.\nSome 360,700 claims were rejected on\nsubstantive grounds. This number includes negative decisions at the first instance, which are subject to appeal. Asy\n\n\nlum-seekers rejected at first and second\ninstances may have been counted twice.\n\n\nRECOGNITION RATES\nAt the global level (UNHCR and State\nasylum procedures combined), the Refugee Recognition Rate (RRR) was estimated to be 30 per cent of all substantive decisions taken during 2011, while\nthe Total Recognition Rate (TRR) was\n38 per cent. **[(33)]** These rates are similar to\nthose of 2010 (30 per cent for RRR and\n39 per cent for TRR). Global recognition rates remain indicative, as some\nStates have yet to report relevant data.\nThe real proportion of positive decisions\nwas probably slightly higher than these\nrates, as decisions for those rejected on\nappeal may have been counted twice.\nAmong the main receiving industrialized countries, where States are responsible for conducting refugee status determination, Switzerland and Finland had the\nhighest TRR at the first instance in 2011\n(72% and 67%, respectively). Among the\ncountries listed in **Table 3**, TRRs in 2011\nwere above 50 per cent. Jordan was the\nonly exception, with a TRR of 39 per cent.\nAmong the main countries of origin\nof asylum-seekers in 2011, the TRR for\npersons from Eritrea, Myanmar, Somalia and Sudan were highest, at over 80\nper cent at the first instance. Recognition\nrates were also high for asylum-seekers\nfrom C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (69%), the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo (61%), Iraq (61%),\nthe Islamic Republic of Iran (60%), China\n(56%), the Syrian Arab Republic (56%), and\nAfghanistan (53%). In contrast, the TRR\nfor asylum-seekers from Zimbabwe, the\ntop country of origin of asylum-seekers in\n2011 worldwide, was only 5 per cent.\nBy the end of the year, some 895,000\nindividuals were awaiting decisions\non their asylum claims. This figure includes people at any stage of the asylum\nprocedure; however, the real magnitude\nof undecided asylum cases is unknown,\nas many countries do not report this information.\n\n\n\n**comparable to that reported in** 2010 **.**\n**Significant progress was made in**\n**obtaining statistics on the reduction**\n**of the number of stateless persons**\n**due to acquisition or confirmation of**\n**nationality. Approximately** 119,000\n**stateless persons in** 27 **countries ac-**\n**quired nationality during the year.**\n**Almost half of this number was as a**\n**result of steps to resolve the stateless**\n**situation of part of the Kurdish popu-**\n**lation in the Syrian Arab Republic.**\n**Despite improvements in the**\n**number of countries reporting and**\n**in the reliability of reported figures,**\n**UNHCR was unable to provide com-**\n**prehensive statistics on the number**\n**of stateless persons in all countries**\n**around the world. As a result, there**\n**was a discrepancy between reliable**\n**country-level data reported by UNHCR**\n**and the total number of stateless per-**\n**sons worldwide, estimated at up to** 12\n**million people. Increased data cover-**\n**age will gradually narrow this gap.**\n\n\n\n**31** Also referred to as \u201cnon-substantive\u201d decisions which might result _inter alia_ from the death of the applicant, no-show for interview, withdrawal of the application,\nabandonment of the claim, or the determination that another country is responsible for the claim (\u2018Dublin II\u2019 procedure).\n\n**32** This figure is likely to be substantially higher: a significant number of decisions rendered by States at the appeal or review stage of the asylum procedure have yet to be released.\n\n**33** In the absence of an internationally agreed methodology for calculating recognition rates, UNHCR uses two rates to compute the proportion of refugee claims accepted\nduring the year. The **Refugee Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status by the total number of substantive decisions\n(Convention status, complementary protection, and rejected cases). The **Total Recognition Rate** divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status\nor a complementary form of protection by the total number of substantive decisions (Convention status, complementary protection, and rejected cases). Non-substantive\ndecisions are, to the extent possible, excluded from both calculations. For the purpose of global comparability, UNHCR only uses these two recognition rates and does not\nreport rates calculated by national authorities.\n\n\n\n**34** See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/default.htm\n\n\n**35** See for example the report of results of the census of the Russian Federation at\nhttp://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php\n\n\n**36** See http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/11-WRD-table-7.xls\n\n\n\n**28** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **29**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Housing Census Programme", - "confidence": 0.6678963899612427, - "start": 287, - "end": 290 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7123234272003174, - "start": 257, - "end": 258 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.866886556148529, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.7377310395240784, - "start": 227, - "end": 229 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.6115632653236389, - "start": 364, - "end": 366 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6452066898345947, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8409944176673889, - "start": 423, - "end": 424 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "countries", - "confidence": 0.5678132772445679, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.8864976167678833, - "start": 373, - "end": 375 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.5792245268821716, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9166011214256287, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9994020462036133, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "stateless populations", - "confidence": 0.6631859540939331, - "start": 616, - "end": 618 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DECISIONS", - "confidence": 0.6813402771949768, - "start": 869, - "end": 870 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6871584057807922, - "start": 888, - "end": 889 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9681098461151123, - "start": 886, - "end": 887 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.670161247253418, - "start": 830, - "end": 831 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.6499319672584534, - "start": 998, - "end": 1000 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5564975738525391, - "start": 962, - "end": 963 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9686421751976013, - "start": 962, - "end": 963 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9088220000267029, - "start": 1022, - "end": 1023 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Recognition Rate", - "confidence": 0.6373172402381897, - "start": 1164, - "end": 1167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7341676354408264, - "start": 1155, - "end": 1156 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6840628385543823, - "start": 1152, - "end": 1153 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8806023001670837, - "start": 1183, - "end": 1184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Asy\n\n\nlum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.870978593826294, - "start": 1134, - "end": 1136 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "TRR", - "confidence": 0.6452649235725403, - "start": 1226, - "end": 1227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9096873998641968, - "start": 1301, - "end": 1302 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7884475588798523, - "start": 1354, - "end": 1355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global recognition rates", - "confidence": 0.5083086490631104, - "start": 1229, - "end": 1232 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.6808674335479736, - "start": 1152, - "end": 1153 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6605097651481628, - "start": 1183, - "end": 1184 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Asy\n\n\nlum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5934880375862122, - "start": 1134, - "end": 1136 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "countries of origin\nof asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.5192627906799316, - "start": 1350, - "end": 1355 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.7021712064743042, - "start": 1356, - "end": 1357 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.7335484623908997, - "start": 1354, - "end": 1355 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Recognition Rate", - "confidence": 0.7885496020317078, - "start": 1931, - "end": 1934 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7558144927024841, - "start": 1912, - "end": 1913 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9652292728424072, - "start": 1940, - "end": 1941 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "census of the Russian Federation", - "confidence": 0.6616714596748352, - "start": 2065, - "end": 2070 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Russian Federation", - "confidence": 0.7337085008621216, - "start": 2068, - "end": 2070 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum-seekers", - "confidence": 0.9727036356925964, - "start": 1976, - "end": 1977 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**An Afghan family** at its makeshift home\nin Kabul. This family returned from exile in\nPakistan in 2002. Afghan returnees face many\nchallenges, including lack of employment\nopportunities and difficult security\nconditions. A significant number of returnees\nare unable to successfully reintegrate in their\nplaces of origin and subsequently move to\nKabul in search of work.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IX\nDemographic and\nlocation characteristics\n\n\n_Information on gender and age is essential for planning, implementing, monitoring and_\n_evaluating refugee programmes. UNHCR offices in the field are encouraged to collect and_\n_disseminate sex and age-disaggregated information on persons of concern. Location data_\n_are also crucial to identify gaps in interventions and disparities in legal and physical protection._\n\n\n**Demographic characteristics**\n\n\n\n**According to available data (cov-**\n**ering** 24.4 **million people), nearly**\n**half (** 49 **%) of the people falling under**\n**UNHCR\u2019s responsibility were fe-**\n**male. Women and girls represented**\n48 **per cent of refugees,** 50 **per cent of**\n**returned refugees and** 51 **per cent of**\n**IDPs and stateless persons. The low-**\n**est proportion of female refugees was**\n**in Europe (** 44 **%). In most of sub-Sa-**\n**haran Africa,** 51 **per cent of refugees**\n**were female. The Southern Africa**\n**region was the exception, where only**\n47 **per cent of refugees were women**\n**or girls. The averages hid significant**\n**variations between locations. For**\n**example, among the major refugee-**\n**hosting countries, the percentage of**\n**female refugees ranged from a high**\n**of** 56 **per cent in Chad down to** 31 **per**\n**cent in Malaysia.** **[(37)]**\n\n\n\n**depending on the type of population**\n**and the region. Data availability was**\n**relatively high for refugees (** 76 **%), IDPs**\n**(** 75 **%), and Others of concern (** 86 **%); but**\n**low for IDP returnees (** 33 **%). For refu-**\n**gee returnees, the data coverage was**\n**about** 60 **per cent while for asylum-**\n**seekers and stateless persons** 48 **per**\n**cent and** 52 **per cent respectively.**\n**The availability of data also dif-**\n**fered by region. In the Americas, and**\n**in the Middle East and North Africa**\n**regions, demographic information**\n**for all persons of concern was availa-**\n**ble for** 90 **and** 73 **per cent, respectively.**\n**This compared to about** 65 **per cent**\n**each available in Asia and in Africa.**\n**Europe was the only region where**\n**data disaggregated by sex were avail-**\n**able for only about half of all persons**\n**of concern by the end of** 2011 **.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**While the demographic information**\n**on persons of concern to UNHCR has**\n**remained incomplete and variable**\n**across countries and population cat-**\n**egories, UNHCR\u2019s efforts to improve**\n**the availability of these data have**\n**yielded significant results in recent**\n**years. By the end of** 2011 **, demographic**\n**data were available for** 24.4 **million**\n**persons of concern in** 155 **countries. In**\n**absolute terms, the availability of sex**\n**and age-disaggregated data has more**\n**than doubled since** 2005 **, increasing**\n**from** 11 **to** 24.4 **million. In relative**\n**terms, a similar development was**\n**observed with roughly** 69 **per cent**\n**coverage for persons of concern at the**\n**end of** 2011 **. This compared to about**\n60 **per cent coverage a year earlier.**\n**The availability of data disag-**\n**gregated by sex varied significantly**\n\n\n**37** Figures based on at least 50 per cent data coverage.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Demographic and\nlocation characteristics", - "confidence": 0.6232542991638184, - "start": 1, - "end": 5 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6669678688049316, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.8646988868713379, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7107219696044922, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6136263608932495, - "start": 141, - "end": 142 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "averages", - "confidence": 0.5168805122375488, - "start": 264, - "end": 265 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6954131722450256, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic information", - "confidence": 0.8215022087097168, - "start": 529, - "end": 531 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Americas", - "confidence": 0.5365947484970093, - "start": 509, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.602918267250061, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.8268739581108093, - "start": 537, - "end": 540 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic information", - "confidence": 0.8375739455223083, - "start": 647, - "end": 649 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7071431279182434, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.7810079455375671, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.965395450592041, - "start": 654, - "end": 657 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "age-disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.6503379940986633, - "start": 774, - "end": 776 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5368438959121704, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2005", - "confidence": 0.6823245286941528, - "start": 787, - "end": 788 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.9095883965492249, - "start": 654, - "end": 657 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data disag", - "confidence": 0.5632617473602295, - "start": 884, - "end": 886 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.6046561002731323, - "start": 844, - "end": 847 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 5 **Accommodation of refugees** | end-2011\n\n|Number of
refugees
2,596,000
333,800
4,295,200
494,300|Distribution
34%
4%
56%
6%|%
women
50%
48%
48%
50%|%
children
56%
45%
43%
56%|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|7,719,300
100%
48%
46%
_2,685,500_|7,719,300
100%
48%
46%
_2,685,500_|7,719,300
100%
48%
46%
_2,685,500_|7,719,300
100%
48%
46%
_2,685,500_|\n\n\n\n**Grand Total** **10,404,800**\n\n\n\nsettlements were the least often reported types of accommodation of refugees\n(4 and 6 per cent respectively).\nRefugee camps and settlements were\nmainly found in rural areas, whereas\nindividual accommodation was the prevailing type of residence in urban areas.\nBy the end of 2011, refugee camps were\nestablished almost exclusively either in\nsub-Saharan Africa (60%) or Asia (35%).\nIn principle, there was no difference in\nthe use of accommodation types by male\nand female refugees. Refugee children,\nhowever, constituted more than half of\nthe residents in camps or settlements,\nwhereas their proportion dropped to\n43 per cent of those living in individual\naccommodation.\n\n\n\nInformation on the age breakdown\nwas available for 15.8 million (45%) of\nthe 35.4 million persons of concern to\nUNHCR. The data coverage was relatively high for refugees (67%) and Others\nof concern (81%). On average, 47 per cent\nof all persons of concern were children\nunder the age of 18, including 13 per cent\nunder the age of five. Forty-eight per\ncent of the population were adults between the ages of 18 and 59 years, while\n\n\n\n5 per cent were people of 60 years or\nmore. Among refugees and people in\nrefugee-like situations, children constituted 46 per cent of the population.\nThe proportion of children was higher\namong refugees who returned home in\n2011 (52%) and among stateless populations (54%) **[(38)]** . In contrast, children constituted only 34 per cent of asylum-seekers. Among all age groups, boys and girls\nwere fairly equally distributed, with the\n\n\n\nAs in the case of demographic data,\nthe availability of location information\nwas higher for refugees than for other\npopulation categories. The available data\non 13 million people revealed that IDPs,\nreturned IDPs and returned refugees\npredominantly resided in rural areas at\nthe end of 2011, while refugees and asylum-seekers were more often established\nin urban areas.\nOf the 10.4 million refugees, the type\nof accommodation was known for 7.7\nmillion (74%). UNHCR offices reported\nthat more than half of this number was\nliving in individual accommodation.\nRefugee camps were reported as type of\naccommodation for approximately onethird of refugees. Collective centres and\n\n\n\n\n\n**Location characteristics**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nexception of asylum-seekers where the\npercentage of boys was significantly\nhigher than that of girls.\nThe availability of information according to age breakdown is particularly limited for developed countries in\nEurope, North America and Oceania.\nThus, the figures are not fully representative of the entire population under\nUNHCR\u2019s responsibility.\n\n\nfices reported on the type of location\nfor 900 individual locations covering\n13 million persons of concern. **[(39)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR offices were requested to report if beneficiaries resided in urban\nareas, rural areas, or a mixed/unknown\nlocation, and to report on the type of accommodation that affected populations\nwere using. The following categories\nwere used for accommodation types:\n\n\n\nindividual accommodation (private),\ncamp, collective centre, settlement, or\nundefined if the type was unclear. Of\n\n**38** Data coverage around 25 per cent.\n\n\n\n\n***** Indicative only due to low data coverage (around 25%).\n\n\n\n**39** Although UNHCR offices reported information on locations of a total of 30.2 million persons of concern, this\ninformation was either unclear or a mixture of types in the case of 17.2 million persons (mostly IDPs).\n\n\n\n**34** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **35**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Information on the age breakdown", - "confidence": 0.6219866275787354, - "start": 392, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8421307802200317, - "start": 418, - "end": 419 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5911393761634827, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.7897672653198242, - "start": 414, - "end": 417 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic data", - "confidence": 0.9604326486587524, - "start": 583, - "end": 585 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "rural areas", - "confidence": 0.6897132396697998, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5535968542098999, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6765930652618408, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data", - "confidence": 0.7893534302711487, - "start": 602, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "rural areas", - "confidence": 0.6120830178260803, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5960614085197449, - "start": 528, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6593411564826965, - "start": 500, - "end": 501 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "fices", - "confidence": 0.8098457455635071, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5045029520988464, - "start": 754, - "end": 755 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons of concern", - "confidence": 0.7780957221984863, - "start": 773, - "end": 776 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR Global Trends 2011", - "confidence": 0.9622169137001038, - "start": 937, - "end": 941 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9613226056098938, - "start": 940, - "end": 941 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "X\nWho are included in the statistics?\n\n\n\n**Refugees include individuals**\n**recognized under the** 1951\n**Convention relating to the Status**\n**of Refugees; its** 1967 **Protocol; the**\n1969 **OAU Convention Governing**\n**the Specific Aspects of Refugee**\n**Problems in Africa; those**\n**recognized in accordance with**\n**the UNHCR Statute; individuals**\n**granted complementary forms of**\n**protection** **[(40)]** **; or, those enjoying**\n**temporary protection** **[(41)]** **. The**\n**refugee population also includes**\n**people in a refugee-like situation.** **[(42)]**\n\n\n**Asylum-seekers are individuals**\n**who have sought international**\n**protection and whose claims for**\n**refugee status have not yet been**\n**determined. Those covered in**\n**this report refer to claimants**\n**whose individual applications**\n**were pending at the end of** 2011 **,**\n**irrespective of when they may have**\n**been lodged.**\n\n\n**Internally displaced persons are**\n**people or groups of individuals**\n**who have been forced to leave**\n**their homes or places of habitual**\n**residence, in particular as a result**\n**of, or in order to avoid the effects**\n**of armed conflict, situations of**\n**generalized violence, violations**\n**of human rights or natural\u2013or**\n**human-made disasters, and who**\n**have not crossed an international**\n**border.** **[(43)]** **For the purposes of**\n**UNHCR\u2019s statistics, this population**\n\n\n\n**only includes conflict-generated**\n**IDPs to whom the Office extends**\n**protection and/or assistance. The**\n**IDP population also includes people**\n**in an IDP-like situation.** **[(44)]**\n\n\n**Stateless persons are defined under**\n**international law as persons who**\n**are not considered as nationals**\n**by any State under the operation**\n**of its law. In other words, they do**\n**not possess the nationality of any**\n**State. UNHCR statistics mainly**\n**refer to persons who fall under**\n**the international definition of a**\n**stateless person, but data from**\n**some countries also include de**\n**facto stateless persons, as well as**\n**persons who are unable to establish**\n**their nationality. UNHCR has**\n**been given a global mandate by the**\n**United Nations General Assembly**\n**to contribute to the prevention**\n**and reduction of statelessness and**\n**the protection of stateless persons.**\n**The Office also has specific**\n**functions under Article** 11 **of the**\n1961 **Convention on the Reduction**\n**of Statelessness to receive claims**\n**from persons who may benefit**\n**from the safeguards contained in**\n**that Convention and to assist them**\n**and the States concerned to resolve**\n**those claims. UNHCR\u2019s Executive**\n**Committee has requested the**\n**Office to report regularly on the**\n**magnitude of the phenomenon.**\n\n\n\n**Returned refugees (returnees)**\n**refer to refugees who have returned**\n**voluntarily to their country of**\n**origin or habitual residence. For**\n**the purposes of this report, only**\n**refugees who returned between**\n**January and December** 2011 **are**\n**included. However, in practice,**\n**operations may assist returnees for**\n**longer periods.**\n\n\n**Returned IDPs refer to those**\n**IDPs who were beneficiaries of**\n**UNHCR\u2019s protection and assistance**\n**activities and who returned to**\n**their areas of origin or habitual**\n**residence between January and**\n**December** 2011 **. However, in**\n**practice, operations may assist IDP**\n**returnees for longer periods.**\n\n\n**Other groups or people of concern**\n**refer to individuals who do not**\n**necessarily fall directly into any**\n**of the groups above, but to whom**\n**UNHCR extends its protection**\n**and/or assistance services, based**\n**on humanitarian or other special**\n**grounds.**\n\n\n\n**A five-year old refugee girl from**\n**C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire** who fled with her family to\nLiberia following post-electoral violence.\nLiberia received an estimated 200,000\nIvorian refugees in the course of 2011.\n\n\n\n**40** Complementary protection refers to protection provided under national, regional or international law to people who do not qualify for protection under refugee law instruments\nbut are in need of international protection because they are at risk of serious harm.\n\n\n**41** Temporary protection refers to arrangements developed to offer protection of a temporary nature, until the situation in the country of origin improves and allows for a safe and\ndignified return or for individual refugee or complementary protection status determination to be carried out.\n\n\n**42** This sub-category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are outside their country or territory of origin, and who face protection risks similar to refugees, but\nfor whom refugee status has not been ascertained, for practical or other reasons.\n\n\n**43** See: Addendum to _Guiding principles on Internal Displacement to the Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission_\n_(on Human Rights) Resolution 1997/39_, United Nations, 1998, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add2.\n\n\n**44** This sub-category is descriptive in nature, and includes groups of people who are inside their country of nationality or habitual residence, and who face protection risks similar to\nIDPs but who, for practical or other reasons, could not be reported as such.\n\n\n\n**36** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **UNHCR Global Trends 2011** **37**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.9343475699424744, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Africa", - "confidence": 0.7980882525444031, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9196199774742126, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\u2019s statistics", - "confidence": 0.9137526154518127, - "start": 395, - "end": 399 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9374507069587708, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.9973675608634949, - "start": 524, - "end": 526 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5061842799186707, - "start": 524, - "end": 525 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.5169844031333923, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Stateless persons", - "confidence": 0.8992339968681335, - "start": 461, - "end": 463 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Returned refugees", - "confidence": 0.8262261748313904, - "start": 763, - "end": 765 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8194853067398071, - "start": 805, - "end": 806 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9087537527084351, - "start": 825, - "end": 826 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6435552835464478, - "start": 764, - "end": 765 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 1\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2011\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of asylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of asylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
66
82
94,148
16,223
3,361
2,918
-
-
23,434
47,073
1,730
21
199
29,669
595
22,402
78
7,217
716
-
6,933
3,312
4,477
2
-
5,688
546
35,659
64
100,373
164,883
3
16,730
366,494
1,674
301,018
152
1
219
-
141,232
12,571
24,221
782
384
6
3,503
2,449
152,749
13,399
20,340
-
595
55,092
95,087
38
-
4,719|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
2,943
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,486
-
42
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68,344
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
3,009
82
94,148
16,223
3,361
2,918
-
-
23,434
47,073
1,730
28
199
229,669
595
22,402
78
7,217
716
-
6,933
3,312
4,477
2
-
5,688
546
35,659
64
100,373
164,883
3
16,730
366,494
1,674
301,018
152
1
219
-
141,232
20,057
24,221
824
384
6
3,503
2,449
152,749
13,399
20,340
-
595
123,436
95,087
38
-
4,719|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_3,009_
_82_
_90,143_
_5,072_
_192_
_2,898_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1,730_
_27_
_199_
_29,669_
_246_
_500_
_66_
_7,217_
_154_
_-_
_1,737_
_3,312_
_2,772_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_546_
_35,659_
_64_
_100,373_
_-_
_2_
_16,730_
_336,153_
_683_
_105_
_152_
_1_
_66_
_-_
_141,232_
_15,962_
_24,221_
_824_
_347_
_6_
_-_
_-_
_101,299_
_-_
_20,340_
_-_
_225_
_55,092_
_25,087_
_32_
_-_
_4,685_|Asylum-
seekers **(4)**
(pending cases)
53
24
816
3,167
1,217
25
4
-
5,242
24,480
48
14
160
2
50
19,006
55
358
18
-
45
246
4,670
-
-
1,384
665
10,060
49
3,298
41,852
1
2,448
165
364
30
597
10
120
-
3,011
455
667
235
2
6
3,059
909
1,136
1,427
1,905
-
1,785
21,558
18,938
5
-
7|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
50
288,844
7
9,175
210,207
1,773
9,528
462
571,685
13,588
1,573
3
147
16,609
7,800
7
-
17
5,106
58
185,118
1,006
886,468
35,189
8,249
1,116
58,060
20
2,649
451,009
616
566,487
335
595
-
95
8,845
34
128,285
7,540
94
821
2,855
9
6,308
85,754
15,624
6,952
535
-
1,677
-
37
1
12,874
-
736
4,079
-|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
40,119
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,500
-
-
145
-
8
2,590
-
-
-
-
-
926
-
-
26,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
50
288,844
7
9,175
210,207
1,773
9,528
462
571,685
13,588
1,573
3
147
16,609
7,800
7
-
17
5,106
58
185,118
1,006
886,468
35,189
8,249
41,235
58,060
20
2,649
451,009
616
566,487
335
6,095
-
95
8,990
34
128,293
10,130
94
821
2,855
9
6,308
86,680
15,624
6,952
26,535
-
1,677
-
37
1
12,874
-
736
4,079
-|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_288,844_
_6_
_-_
_-_
_1,773_
_9,527_
_462_
_-_
_13,588_
_-_
_-_
_8_
_16,609_
_7,798_
_7_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_16,966_
_1,006_
_886,468_
_35,189_
_-_
_4,675_
_-_
_20_
_814_
_33,206_
_606_
_566,487_
_335_
_2,095_
_-_
_-_
_8,990_
_-_
_128,293_
_10,130_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_6,308_
_86,680_
_15,624_
_-_
_535_
_-_
_240_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_12,874_
_-_
_736_
_2,404_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers **(4)**
(pending cases)
9
1,347
1
2,283
49,240
2,368
26
40
62,680
12,632
43,942
-
10
605
91
1
6
-
360
81
3,518
3,233
445
4,196
5,439
6,460
13,525
-
3,698
4,975
70
35,271
1,118
408
-
231
1,736
3
574
2,894
57
77
1,694
1
10,545
10,937
2,497
1,457
282
-
631
-
-
5
38
5
615
9,602
-|\n\n\n\n**38** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **39**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 1\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCountry/\nterritory of asylum **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
14,465
59
139,448
2,676
677
193,510
131,243
264,763
174
214
-
2,022
990
214,740
45,632
4,561|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
14,465
59
139,448
3,176
677
193,510
131,243
264,763
174
214
-
202,022
990
214,740
45,632
4,561|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_14,465_
_59_
_139,448_
_298_
_677_
_-_
_109,016_
_-_
_88_
_214_
_-_
_21,125_
_-_
_214,740_
_31,508_
_4,561_|Asylum-
seekers **(4)**
(pending cases)
10,964
-
23,453
3,622
45
15,170
705
11,721
51
-
2
17,369
-
5,878
1,021
777|\n\n\n\nSee notes on page 46.\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
6,049
70,268
74,598
1,934
86
302
8,806
40,691
-
83
1,702,700
1
2,262
4,810
124
1,144
125
15,847
408
80
401
146
1,005
3,914
55,325
-
2
3
-
-
572
20,644
70,707
8,092
3
546
142
2,099
57,899
105,023
4,228
188
113,439
-
759
86,615
50,416
755,445
3,323
801
89,253
-
19,270
2
22
3,048|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
2,386
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15,000
4,567
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25,976
-
-
-
-
-
-
329
-
-
-
-
-
1,049|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
6,049
72,654
74,598
1,934
86
302
8,806
40,691
-
83
1,702,700
1
17,262
9,377
124
1,144
125
15,847
408
80
401
146
1,005
3,914
55,325
-
2
3
-
-
599
20,644
70,707
8,092
3
546
142
2,099
57,899
105,023
4,228
188
139,415
-
759
86,615
50,416
755,445
3,323
1,130
89,253
-
19,270
2
22
4,097|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_6,049_
_55,268_
_-_
_-_
_40_
_302_
_8,806_
_-_
_-_
_83_
_1,702,700_
_1_
_4,055_
_2,559_
_21_
_113_
_19_
_-_
_-_
_80_
_21_
_146_
_121_
_2,727_
_55,325_
_-_
_2_
_3_
_-_
_-_
_599_
_20,644_
_70,705_
_8,079_
_3_
_-_
_-_
_2,099_
_-_
_99,958_
_-_
_188_
_82,315_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_105,699_
_2,128_
_1,130_
_89,253_
_-_
_9,272_
_-_
_22_
_4,021_|Asylum-
seekers **(4)**
(pending cases)
928
928
10,420
240
6
123
1,529
11,153
-
43
1,624
1
794
1
9
494
58
2,886
214
49
1,169
49
753
962
296
-
3
-
1
-
80
2,263
399
64
-
185
103
6,016
219,368
88
2,670
204
6,912
3
-
18,138
16,915
1,830
2,027
389
13,357
2
377
1
20
555|\n\n\n\n**40** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **41**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 2\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2011\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
2,664,436
13,551
6,120
6
128,664
32
518
16,486
-
39
11
16,162
185
215
10,052
45
5,925
90
32
461
-
55,603
611
58,515
85
1,045
1
2,327
1,267
101,288
15,184
15,163
105
27
1
160,736
18,720
1,189
190,369
15
10
113,605
422
12,839
1
331
154,824
62,649
6,849
11
763
1,052
491,481
9
602
52|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,386
-
63
-
-
-
-
4
-
21
-
4
-
-
2,126
23,920
-
-
-
-
282,344
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,007
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
2,664,436
13,551
6,121
6
128,664
32
518
16,487
-
39
11
16,162
185
215
10,056
45
5,925
90
32
461
-
57,989
611
58,578
85
1,045
1
2,327
1,271
101,288
15,205
15,163
109
27
1
162,862
42,640
1,189
190,369
15
10
395,949
422
12,839
1
331
154,824
62,649
7,856
11
763
1,052
491,481
9
602
52|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_2,562,902_
_6_
_94_
_-_
_100,523_
_-_
_12_
_55_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1,997_
_-_
_-_
_53_
_-_
_18_
_-_
_-_
_21_
_-_
_55,006_
_13_
_23,879_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_14_
_9_
_66,846_
_125_
_2,142_
_5_
_2_
_-_
_146,679_
_20,965_
_6_
_299_
_-_
_-_
_90,361_
_1_
_1,985_
_-_
_-_
_143,829_
_52,416_
_1,406_
_4_
_2_
_23_
_426,706_
_-_
_77_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
37,801
1,964
1,991
-
744
33
59
2,640
-
8
2
2,176
36
46
4,923
73
897
4
13
271
5
1,010
134
1,935
162
180
1
177
347
9,500
186
2,411
5
5
2
1,808
3,133
124
10,617
5
1
42,569
33
1,955
-
40
18,121
739
925
2
660
490
52,119
3
286
10|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
250
909
7,934
6,720
258
220,745
224
70,586
1,579
7
99
-
-
173
2,583
9,612
174
20,279
2
56
323
6,088
13,161
1,123
771
33,661
-
1,966
1,238
3
16,232
10,659
72,347
1,428,308
8
1,335
58
1,252
176
2,248
3,500
8,745
33
1,120
3,162
8,087
709
15,013
11
66,752
3,335
-
528
-
288
222
537
21
4,295
6|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
2
-
-
31,209
-
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500
-
82
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,420
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
28
1,049
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
250
909
7,936
6,720
258
251,954
224
70,610
1,579
7
99
-
-
173
2,583
10,112
174
20,361
2
56
323
6,088
13,161
1,123
771
33,661
-
1,966
1,238
3
16,232
16,079
72,361
1,428,308
8
1,335
58
1,252
176
2,250
3,500
8,745
33
1,120
3,162
8,088
709
15,013
11
66,780
4,384
-
528
-
289
222
537
21
4,295
6|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_13_
_31_
_129_
_479_
_33_
_135,418_
_1_
_37,005_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_20_
_1,025_
_2_
_3,867_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_78_
_167_
_17_
_-_
_395_
_-_
_77_
_2_
_-_
_21_
_3,409_
_12,031_
_210,608_
_-_
_17_
_-_
_6_
_-_
_90_
_6_
_3,817_
_-_
_62_
_83_
_38_
_2_
_50_
_-_
_60,137_
_1,072_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_1_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_14_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
352
258
2,477
1,636
49
14,172
39
38,755
260
4
53
-
-
51
950
2,910
32
2,416
-
37
45
1,107
4,596
502
101
7,468
-
847
6,012
1
4,052
367
16,760
23,981
9
509
40
475
40
519
745
1,509
3
121
1,559
23
152
1,354
164
1,953
1,505
-
120
1
18
2,829
121
2
397
-|\n\n\n\n**42** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **43**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),** TABLE 2\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n**Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[(7)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[(5)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStateless\npersons **[(8)]** Various **[(9)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDP-like\nsituations **[(6)]**\n\n\n\n\n\nOrigin **[(1)]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
1,075,148
429
1
43
136,605
491,013
20
43
23
20
19,900
612
7,684
359
15,068
8
17,870
10
297
1,951
139,778
726
14
1
5,680
25,379
486
150
1,163
3,777
184
-
7,164
1
7,577
337,829
90,413
2,322
240
25,048
18,171
137,412|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
1,900
-
-
-
12
9,001
-
-
1
-
31
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
5,500
-
-
-
26,000
1
-
-
1
7,636|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
1,077,048
429
1
43
136,617
500,014
20
43
24
20
19,931
612
7,684
368
15,068
8
17,871
10
297
1,952
139,779
726
14
1
5,680
25,379
486
150
1,163
3,778
184
-
12,664
1
7,577
337,829
116,413
2,323
240
25,048
18,172
145,048|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_965,619_
_8_
_-_
_4_
_2,935_
_460,227_
_-_
_2_
_1_
_-_
_861_
_35_
_56_
_12_
_2_
_-_
_7,912_
_-_
_-_
_40_
_15,132_
_11_
_-_
_-_
_829_
_28_
_1_
_-_
_39_
_7_
_1_
_-_
_1,954_
_-_
_247_
_173_
_90,341_
_336_
_1_
_1,004_
_81_
_4,542_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
30,831
160
6
86
8,634
31,206
8
132
22
1
14,117
379
2,256
182
1
1
2,980
22
86
1,599
6,671
78
6
1
1,779
1,015
12
49
525
593
47
-
1,503
2
563
1,116
12
1,114
169
35,830
2,121
298,987|\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**
-
-
39,929
42
7,472
-
4
1,985
3,698
-
2,312
155
214,594
1,073
-
6,852
64
-
18
1,468
819
16,840
7
7
60
33,009
-
94,121
100
128
91
5,491
933
-
1,815
28
-
95
514
6,264
3,428
109,784
106,833
9
433
1,127
1
1
33
745
17,722
161,363
42
8,002
67
269
32
72|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,032
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
301
-
-
-
2,943
-
29
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
308
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
-
-
39,929
42
7,472
-
4
1,985
3,698
-
2,312
155
414,626
1,073
-
6,854
64
-
18
1,468
819
17,141
7
7
60
35,952
-
94,150
100
128
91
5,491
952
-
1,815
28
-
95
514
6,264
3,428
109,785
106,833
9
433
1,127
1
1
33
745
17,722
161,671
42
8,002
67
269
32
72|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_-_
_32,458_
_-_
_8_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_-_
_38_
_11_
_206,259_
_985_
_-_
_45_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_789_
_13_
_3,822_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_3,932_
_-_
_15,439_
_20_
_-_
_4_
_489_
_23_
_-_
_4_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_9_
_11_
_1,508_
_43,979_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_32_
_21_
_16,044_
_10,946_
_1_
_924_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)
-
-
591
64
5,334
-
-
1,418
305
-
1,104
356
24,033
1,085
-
2,004
40
-
10
137
285
9,782
-
5
2
11,165
-
1,635
34
49
22
498
368
-
350
68
-
7
181
458
469
11,761
9,218
15
679
906
-
-
-
98
912
15,381
4
1,136
22
541
7
4|\n\n\n\n**44** UNHCR Global Trends 2011 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 **45**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by origin** | end-2011 (ctnd)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**(2)**|People in
refugee-like
situations**(3)**|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR|Asylum-
seekers**(4)**
(pending cases)|\n\n\n\nSee notes below.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u00a9** 2012 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nAll rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.\n\n\nFor more information, please contact:\n\n\nThe Senior Statistician\nField Information and Coordination Support Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management\nCase Postale 2500\n1211 Geneva, Switzerland\nstats@unhcr.org\n\n\nThis document along with further information on global\ndisplacement is available on UNHCR\u2019s Statistics website:\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/statistics\n\n\nand UNHCR\u2019s Statistical Online Population Database:\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase\n\n\n**Cover photo:** Newly arrived Somali refugees in Al Kharaz refugee camp\nin Yemen are provided with tents during the first months of their stay.\nIf they remain in the camp and do not move on to a city, they are provided\nwith a simple brick house, which provides better shelter.\n\n\n\u00a9 E . R A SM U S S E N\n\n\npage design and layout: julie schneider\nproduced and printed by unhcr (18 june 2012).\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a292fa5d-89b4-372c-8970-0cf327ad3293/4fd6f87f9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 24 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_890/raw/doc_890_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_890/raw/doc_890_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6bee04cea183afbb8c4ba470a7b95025a8116d73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_890/raw/doc_890_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,261 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Context:**\n\n\nMore than a million people have been displaced from different\nagencies in FATA as a result of the fragile security situation in the\nregion. The majority of the displaced have been living in Pesha\u2010\nwar and adjoining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Most re\u2010\ncently, about half a million persons have been displaced from\nNorth Waziristan as a result of ongoing security operations, and\nthis most recently displaced population have been residing in\nBannu, Peshawar and D.I. Khan. WFP has been providing food\nassistance to the displaced. Out of some 54,000 registered NWA\ndisplaced families assisted by WFP in September, approximately\n3,100 were female headed families. This study was undertaken in\norder to have a better understanding on the impact of current\nfood distribution modalities, particularly the impact on the fe\u2010\nmale beneficiary population. The study was conducted by WFP in\ncollaboration with the Protection Cluster.\n\n\n**Objectives** :\n\n\uf0de\uf020 To find out protection concerns related to female beneficiar\u2010\nies accessing WFP food distribution points in Bannu and po\u2010\ntential protection risks associated with WFP programming.\n\uf0de\uf020 To document suggestions for addressing protection con\u2010\ncerns.\n**Methodology** :\n\n\nA field assessment team composed of six female surveyors con\u2010\nducted in\u2010depth interviews with WFP beneficiaries and household\n\n\n\nmembers from 17\u201019 September, 2014. The team collected\nsubstan\ufffdal qualita\ufffdve informa\ufffdon on the impact of WFP\u2019s\nac\ufffdvi\ufffdes on women\u2019s roles and responsibili\ufffdes at the house\u2010\nhold level, access to distribu\ufffdon points, in par\ufffdcular access to\nWFP distribu\ufffdon points in Bannu where relief food distribu\u2010\n\ufffdon is ongoing; safety and security at distribu\ufffdon points; con\u2010\ntrol over and use of resources (food and non\u2010food) provided\nby humanitarian partners; mobility and well being; prevalence\nof gender\u2010based discrimination in accessing food; and physical\nand emotional abuse.\n\n\nThe survey was conducted at three food distribution hubs and\nin homes of female beneficiaries receiving WFP food assis\u2010\ntance in Bannu. A total of 53 females were interviewed at\ndistribution points and 22 females were interviewed in their\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP", - "confidence": 0.5697536468505859, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6055903434753418, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bannu", - "confidence": 0.9070448279380798, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "homes in the hosting areas in Bannu (Figures 1, 2). Although\nthe sample size was not large, it was sufficient to provide\nindicative results for an understanding of the situation.\n\n\n**Findings** _**:**_\n\n\nThe average family size is noted to be 6.0 and average\nhousehold size, including extended family members sharing\nthe same food, is 13.\n\n\n\n\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 Initially after receiving food packages, the study showed\nthat beneficiaries were spending significant amounts on\nwheel barrows to transport their food rations from inside\nthe distribution point to the outside gate; the cost was found\nto range from PKR 42 to PKR 93 (Figure 3).\n\uf0b7\uf020 The average amount paid for transportation to get food and\nother assistance materials from the distribution points to\nIDPs\u2019 homes ranged from PKR 130 to Gauriwala DP, to PKR\n750 to the Government Commerce College Township DP\n(Figure 4).\n\n\n**Figure 4: Cost of transporting food rations to IDP homes (in PKR)**\n\n|Table 1: Average \u019fme for a female IDP beneficiary to
access food|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Time\u00a0to\u00a0reach\u00a0the\u00a0DP\u00a0from\u00a0home|59\u00a0minutes|\n|Time\u00a0in\u00a0queues|30\u00a0minutes|\n|Time\u00a0to\u00a0load\u00a0food\u00a0onto\u00a0public
transporta\u019fon|12\u00a0minutes|\n|Time\u00a0to\u00a0return\u00a0home|58\u00a0minutes|\n\n\n\n**Safety and security at distribution points:**\n\n\nThree quarters of the female beneficiaries interviewed men\u2010\ntioned that they feel safe coming to the DPs. For those who re\u2010\nported not feeling safe, the following reasons were cited: (i)\ntravel to distribution point is not safe (ii) inconvenient for elderly,\ndisabled, and pregnant and lactating women (iii) some IDP fami\u2010\nlies live very far and high transportation costs.\nIn\u2010depth discussions were held with female beneficiaries on how\nthe distribu\ufffdon process can be improved further in order to pro\u2010\nvide assistance in a safer, more dignified manner. Sugges\ufffdons\n(Figure 5) included having an op\ufffdon of receiving cash (36% of\nrespondents), organizing food distribu\ufffdon at the community lev\u2010\nel (31%), separate days for distribu\ufffdon to females (19%), and\nseparate support/grievance desks for females (14%). Issues re\u2010\nported by the respondents regarding access to the distribution\npoints are summarized below:\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n**Access to Distribution Points:**\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 17 percent (17%) of the surveyed female beneficiaries\nwere found to be receiving food package through a first\nblood relative receiving on their behalf, rather than col\u2010\nlecting on their own.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Female beneficiaries were taking a maximum average\ntime of 80 minutes to reach the Government Commerce\nCollege Township (Bannu\u20103) from their places of resi\u2010\ndence.\n\uf0b7\uf020 On average, it would take 2 hours and 39 minutes for\nthe beneficiaries to return to their place of residence\nwith food after leaving their homes (Table 1); this in\u2010\ncludes traveling to the distribution points (DP), waiting\ntime for receiving food, loading food onto public\ntransport and return journey. Female beneficiaries\u2019\nmaximum time in queues was at the Government Com\u2010\nmerce College Township (Bannu\u20103) at more than 1 hour.\n\uf0b7\uf020 IDPs have to travel considerable distances and pay sig\u2010\nnificant amounts for travel to reach the distribution\npoints. On average, beneficiaries were paying PKR 300\nfor transportation to reach distribution points. The cost\nwas lowest to reach Gauriwala (Bannu\u20105) at an average\ncost of PKR 40; the cost was highest to reach the Gov\u2010\nernment Commerce College Township (Bannu \u2013 3) at\nPKR 386.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Table 2: Barriers in accessing to distribu\u019fon point by female
beneficiaries|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Not\u00a0aware\u00a0if\u00a0females\u00a0can\u00a0access\u00a0the\u00a0DP|55%|\n|Community\u00a0elders\u00a0do\u00a0not\u00a0allow|16%|\n|Family\u00a0members\u00a0do\u00a0not\u00a0allow|7%|\n|Another\u00a0male\u00a0member\u00a0could\u00a0collect\u00a0the\u00a0food
on\u00a0our\u00a0behalf|4%|\n|Cultural/\u00a0Pardah\u00a0issues|23%|\n|Sta\ufb00\u00a0at\u00a0distribu\u019fon\u00a0point\u00a0is\u00a0not\u00a0good|1%|\n|Army/\u00a0media|1%|\n\n\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 73 percent of the female beneficiaries are aware of the\ndistribution times and locations.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Discussion on the cultural context revealed that female\nbeneficiaries are confined in _purdah_ and are generally\nshunned from any decision\u2010making roles. Females from\nfemale headed households travel alone to receive their\nfood rations which remains a significant cultural challenge.\nAlso as a result of cultural mores, voicing opinions and\nseeking assistance in general, remains a challenge for fe\u2010\nmale IDPs from NWA.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Overall, 17 percent of the surveyed female beneficiaries\nindicated that they send their male relatives to collect\nfood on their behalf. This proportion was higher among\nfemales surveyed in hosting locations, where six out of 22\nfemales interviewed (27%) said that they send their rela\u2010\ntives to collect food.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Overall, 12 percent of the respondents reported that they\ndo not receive an adequate share of the food package at\nhome.\n\uf0b7\uf020 5 percent of the respondents reported illegal collection of\nmoney, e.g. security personnel sitting at the main gate of\nthe DPs demanding payment during the first month of\ndistribution/registration.\n\uf0b7\uf020 One respondent mentioned that she felt discriminated\nagainst during the distribution process.\n\n\n**Grievance desk (GD) redressal mechanism:**\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 13 percent of the beneficiaries have used the GD mecha\u2010\nnism to record their complaints pertaining to registration\nissues, food quality and quantity, distribution processes\nrelated to female beneficiaries, and high amounts of\ntransport cost to get food.\n\uf0b7\uf020 More than 80 percent of the female beneficiaries were\nnot aware of how to record their grievances or call WFP\u2019s\nonline beneficiaries feedback mechanism to ask a question\nor make a complaint.\n\uf0b7\uf020 During in\u2010depth discussions it was suggested by female\n\n\n\nbeneficiaries to improve the efficiency of the redressal mecha\u2010\nnism.\n\n\n**Use of food assistance:**\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 Almost all respondents (99%) mentioned that they are get\u2010\nting and using WFP food items in their daily routine.\n\uf0b7\uf020 None of the female beneficiaries reported selling food\nitems.\n\uf0b7\uf020 On the question of who makes decisions in the family on\nthe use/allocation of food assistance provided by WFP, half\nof the respondents reported that it is the men who make\nthis decision. 25 percent of respondents reported that it is\nthe women who make this decision, while another 25 per\u2010\ncent reported that both men and women are involved in\nthis decision making. Men make the decision in 50 percent\nof the families.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Two\u2010thirds (65%) of the female respondents mentioned\nthey know about the use of Wheat Soya Blend (WSB).\n\nTable 3 shows the average number of days different food com\u2010\nmodities from the WFP food package were used by families .\n\n|Table 3: Use of WFP Food Package (Average number of days in a
month)|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Wheat\u00a0\ufb02our|21\u00a0days|\n|Vegetable\u00a0Ghee|12\u00a0days|\n|Wheat\u00a0Soya\u00a0Blend|18\u00a0days|\n|Salt|14\u00a0days|\n|Yellow\u00a0split\u00a0peas|21\u00a0days|\n\n\n\n**Food consumption and coping practices:**\n\n\nThe food consump\ufffdon score (FSC) is one of the most commonly\nused indicators to capture household food security, illustra\ufffdng\nthe adequacy of overall food consump\ufffdon pa\ufffderns. The FCS\nmeasures food diversity (the types of food consumed), food\nfrequency (the number of days each group is consumed), and\nthe rela\ufffdve nutri\ufffdonal importance of each food group. Based\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "WFP food package", - "confidence": 0.6802736520767212, - "start": 625, - "end": 628 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FSC", - "confidence": 0.5523451566696167, - "start": 719, - "end": 720 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "families", - "confidence": 0.6397311687469482, - "start": 631, - "end": 632 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FCS", - "confidence": 0.9204744696617126, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "frequency include seeking alternative/additional jobs (37%),\nlimiting portion size at meals (32%), removing children from\nschool (16%), skipping meals for an entire day (11%) and selling\ndomestic assets (5%).\n\n\n**Best practices by IP staff:**\n\n\nWFP, with its cooperating partners, has adopted a number of\nmeasures to strengthen gender mainstreaming across all levels\nof its NWA response. Efforts are focused on creating an ena\u2010\nbling environment for promoting gender equality and women\u2019s\nempowerment in food and nutrition security. These measures\ninclude the provision of female\u2010exclusive entrances and waiting\nareas for female beneficiaries and also the presence of female\nstaff at distribution points, all of which were clearly noted by\nfemale beneficiaries during the course of this assessment.\n\n\n\non a one\u2010week recall by the respondents on the food con\u2010\nsumed within the household, and using standard thresholds,\nhouseholds are classified into one of the three groups, namely,\n\u201cacceptable\u201d food consumption, \u201cborderline\u201d food consump\u2010\ntion, and \u201cpoor\u201d food consumption. From the analysis of the\nfood consumption data from the household survey (Figure 6),\noverall, 41.6 percent of the households were found to have\n\u201cacceptable\u201d food consumption, while 6.6 percent fell in the\n\u201cpoor\u201d consumption, while the majority (51.8%) were shown to\nhave \u201cborderline\u201d levels of consumption.\n\n\n**Figure 7: Negative coping strategies**\n\n\nOne fourth of the respondents have engaged in negative coping\nstrategies to manage their daily food needs. Among those, the\nmost common ones (Figure 7) include skipping meals (63%),\nrelying on less preferred foods (58%), and restricting consump\u2010\ntion by adults to ensure their children eat properly (42%). Oth\u2010\ner negative coping strategies, though seen with somewhat less\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n\n**Overall satisfaction:**\n\n\nFemales were asked about their overall satisfaction with WFP\u2019s\nassistance and 69 percent responded that they were satisfied\noverall, while 19 percent were extremely satisfied. Some 11\npercent were somewhat dissatisfied and 1 percent (one re\u2010\nspondent) was very dissatisfied (Figure 8).\n\n\n**Limitations of the assessment:**\n\n\nThe survey aimed to target 100 families but it was very chal\u2010\nlenging to reach IDP families in the hosting areas. Some of the\ncontact numbers were unresponsive, some IDP families did not\nallow the survey team to visit, and some were living in the\nFrontier Region (FR) area of Bannu, which is difficult to access.\nThus it was only possible to survey 75 percent of beneficiaries\nin total. However, these findings do provide an important indi\u2010\ncation and shed a critical light on the situation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household survey", - "confidence": 0.9849370121955872, - "start": 220, - "end": 222 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "food consumption data", - "confidence": 0.874818742275238, - "start": 215, - "end": 218 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9904878735542297, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7417702078819275, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7860175371170044, - "start": 436, - "end": 437 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP families", - "confidence": 0.948352038860321, - "start": 451, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.531780481338501, - "start": 505, - "end": 506 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6149442791938782, - "start": 473, - "end": 474 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP families", - "confidence": 0.9329330325126648, - "start": 451, - "end": 453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommendations:**\n\n\nThe following recommendations have been made based on the\nfindings from this survey:\n\n\uf0b7\uf020 Provision of food directly to the community level for fe\u2010\nmales with specific vulnerabilities (such as pregnant and\nlactating, disabled, or chronic diseases).\n\uf0b7\uf020 Increased community mobilization for facilitating better\naccess for females at distribution points, and encourage\nfemales to make use/benefit from the Grievance Desks\nand WFP\u2019s online Beneficiary Feedback Mechanism.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Gender awareness training for relevant staff members as\nwell as security and other related personnel.\n\uf0b7\uf020 In\u2010depth study on the impact of WFP activities on gender\ndynamics at the household and community level.\n\uf0b7\uf020 Initiating activities focussed on providing female benefi\u2010\nciaries additional cash through skills or trainings.\n\n\n\n_Irum Jamshed (WFP) interviewing female beneficiaries_\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8905228972434998, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7453757524490356, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6155b3dc-bb80-32d3-8d19-65a99964ec23/protection_risk_analysis_report_oct_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_891/raw/doc_891_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_891/raw/doc_891_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1e4552161bb7d99564592e38450301e41ee08b6f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_891/raw/doc_891_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION CONCERNS ARISING FROM RECENT** **CAMP CLOSURES, \u2018HEADCOUNTS\u2019 AND** **GOVERNMENT-INDUCED MOVEMENTS OF IDPS**\n\nProtection Analysis Update, April 2021\n\n**INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nThe Borno State Government (BSG) public commitment to close all IDP camps in Maiduguri during 2021 has translated\nin recent weeks into concrete actions. The actual and planned camp closures coincide with the BSG\u2019s ongoing agenda,\npromoting the return of IDPs to their areas of origin, which is gradually implemented since August 2020.\n\nThe recent developments in three camps on the outskirts of Maiduguri, described below, raise serious concerns about\nthe safety and well-being of the affected communities throughout the process of closing IDP camps, especially when\nsuch closure leads to the movement of IDPs to certain areas identified for return or resettlement. Recent attacks in\nDamasak and Marte/Dikwa demonstrate the grave risks to civilians, including IDPs and humanitarian workers, and that\nthe situation on the ground has yet to improve before such Government-induced movements can safely take place.\n\n\n**FACTUAL BACKGROUND**\n\n\nAccording to Sector\u2019s partners,[1] as well as media reports, in March 2021 BSG officials, headed by the Governor,\nvisited two Maiduguri IDP camps, MOGCOLIS and NYSC. During these visits, which were held around midnight, the\nimminent closure of the camps was announced. BSG officials also conducted a night headcount of IDPs present in\neach of the camps, after blocking the camp entries. Those who were present, and \u2018verified\u2019 as IDPs, received tokens to\nbe used during food distribution. Hundreds of IDPs, however, did not receive the 'eligibility token' and, reportedly, were\nexcluded from distribution as a result.\n\n\nIn addition, BSG presented IDPs with two options following the planned camp closure. They can either i) relocate to\ntheir area of origin or nearby location, deemed safe by the BSG, with cash support and food assistance for two months;\nor ii) find alternative accommodation in Maiduguri with cash support.\n\n\nIn **MOGCOLIS camp**, IDPs, originally from Mobbar and Abadam\nLGAs, were given a _one week_ notice ahead of camp closure,\nwhich created panic among the IDPs. The BSG proposed the\noption of resettling in Damasak (Mobbar LGA) or moving\nelsewhere in Maiduguri. While at present the planned closure\nhas yet to be implemented, Damasak was repeatedly targeted\nearlier this month by large-scale attacks by Non-State Armed\nGroups (NSAGs), resulting in the loss of lives and serious\ndamage to civilian and humanitarian assets.[2] In addition, new\narrivals from Damasak have been reported notwithstanding the\nclosure announcement.\n\n\n\nIn **NYSC camp**, the camp closure is expected to take place by\nthe end of May 2021. Anticipating such closure, some IDPs have\nalready started looking for alternative options. They pointed the\nfear of being relocated to areas that are unsafe, with no means\nof livelihood or that are inaccessible to humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n\nSource: OCHA\n\n\n\nIn **Bakassi camp**, about 400 HHs, who arrived at the camp following NSAGs attacks on Marte and Dikwa in February\n2021, have refused to register in Bakassi, fearing that the authorities would identify and send them back to Marte. They\nwere initially returned by the BSG to Marte in November-December 2020, and were de-registered when they left. When\nMarte was attacked they fled the violence to Maiduguri. Their current \u2018irregular\u2019 status puts an additional strain on their\nextremely vulnerable situation.\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83d42ef1-ae15-34bd-8a3d-74b477f1273d/protection_sector_north-east_protection_concerns_arising_from_camp_closures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**KEY PROTECTION CONCERNS**\n\n\nHasty Camp Closure\n\n\nThe hasty closure of IDP camps, at short notice and without consulting the affected communities, negatively impacts\ntheir rights and exposes them to serious risks, including to their physical safety:\n\n\nGiven that the movement of IDPs to new locations is due to camp closure, and in the absence of meaningful\nconsultation with the affected communities, **IDPs do not have a real choice** whether to move out of the camp or\nnot. Such Government-induced movements are not necessarily carried out with their informed consent.\n\n\nIt is possible that the decision to close down Maiduguri IDP camps is based on genuine health and safety\nconsiderations. However, these were not clearly stated in the case of MOGCOLIS and NYSC. Moreover, the **BSG**\n**did not take appropriate measures to minimize the expected or actual harm to IDPs and their rights** . The\ndecision to close these camps and the relevant reasons were not communicated to the affected communities well\nin advance, allowing them to organize themselves.\n\n\nInstead, it was delivered in the middle of the night, without properly consult the IDP community and discuss its\npotential implications, the way the camp will be closed, the expected timeline and the options available to them.\nThis caused confusion and anxiety \u2013 that could have been avoided \u2013 among already distressed communities.\n\n\n\nUnsafe Returns and Relocations\n\n\nWhile IDPs in the concerned camps were offered to move to\nlocations close to their place of origin or to another location in\nMaiduguri, these options cannot be considered _durable solutions_\nunder the acceptable international standards:\n\n\n\nCamp overall population\n\n\nMOGCOLIS - 3,550 Individuals\nNYSC - 4,620 individuals\nBakassi - 33,900 individuals\n\n\n\nWhile some IDPs wish to return, in many case, as already noted above, the **movement triggered by camp**\n**closure or the intended closure, is not voluntary** . For example with respect to movement to Damasak, IDPs\nhave already expressed their concerns that their living conditions will be worsened following the move due to\ninsecurity, insufficient food, no access to farmlands, lack of livelihoods opportunities and education facilities. It was\nalso mentioned that the authorities did not properly assess the effect of the return on people with disabilities,\npregnant women and unaccompanied children, or the availability of GBV services in the new locations.\n\n\nIn practice, IDPs may be pushed to move to areas in which **their lives will be at risk**, with limited to no access to\nessential services. Indeed, serious and repeated attacks by NSAG were recorded since February 2021 in\nDamasak, Marte and neighboring town Dikwa, resulting in civilian casualties, damage to civilian property and to\nhumanitarian facilities and equipment, as well as further displacement. Following these attacks, humanitarian\nactors suspended or reduced humanitarian assistance and evacuated their staff.[3]\n\n\nWhile some IDPs favor the option of moving to nearby locations, the conditions of staying elsewhere in Maiduguri\nare not sufficiently clear. It seems that IDPs were not provided with all the relevant details or go-and-see visits, nor\nwere they consulted about, for example, the level and duration of BSG support, and if movement to another\nlocation is a temporary or permanent arrangement. It is therefore questionable whether IDPs were able to make\nan informed decision in this regard.\n\n\nMissing \u2018Headcounts\u2019 Cannot Negate Assistance\n\n\nWith regard to headcounts in MOGCOLIS and NYSC camps, it seems that **a night headcount was unnecessary**\n**and carried out in a way that negatively affected people\u2019s dignity and their ability to access essential**\n**services** . IDPs reported that the night headcount has left them confused and anxious. Some pointed out the feeling of\ninjustice as they lost their eligibility for food distribution because they were not present at the camp that night.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83d42ef1-ae15-34bd-8a3d-74b477f1273d/protection_sector_north-east_protection_concerns_arising_from_camp_closures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "They explained that during the headcount they were in fact looking for food or livelihood outside the camp.[4] The\nnight headcount does not seem to respect IDPs dignity as it suggests that some camp inhabitants are non-IDPs who\nmanipulatively access aid which is dedicated to the IDP population.\n\n\nIt is important to note that registration and other technical arrangements, determining who is eligible for assistance,\nare commonly used to facilitate, simplify and expedite the delivery of aid. However, they do not replace the\nsubstantive test which is based on need alone and prioritizes the most vulnerable ones. In other words, **those in**\n**need of assistance cannot be arbitrarily denied of their right to receive protection and assistance because**\n**they are not registered or do not have a token**, and without looking at their personal circumstances.[5]\n\n\nIndeed, the case of new arrivals from Marte to Bakassi camp illustrates this concern. IDPs fleeing the violence in\nMarte explained the sensitivity around the issue of registration. On the one hand, they fear that their attempt to reregister in Bakassi will prompt BSG to return them to Marte which is unsafe. On the other hand, without registration,\nthey cannot access essential services and face additional risks:\n\n\nTheir movement is severely restricted. If they leave the camp, they might be stopped upon return to the camp.\nThey are unable to obtain ration cards.\nLimited access to services and livelihood increases the risk of exploitation. Children are street hawking and\nbegging within the camps to support their families, a practice which exposes them to exploitation and sexual\nabuse.\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS TO HCT MEMBERS AND OTHER HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\nContinue to monitor and share evidence-based concerns regarding camp closure and lack of security or\nservices in locations identified for return or relocation.\nAdvocate with the authorities to suspend camp closure that may expose IDPs to further risks.\n\nOnly support movement of IDPs to safe areas where they are effectively protected and have adequate access to\nessential services, in particular food.\nAdvocate with the authorities to suspend movements to Damasak or Marte/Dikwa given high level of insecurity\n\nand limited to no access to assistance.\nWhen health and safety reasons compel the closure of a certain IDP camp, provide as much information and\nadvance notice as possible to the affected community, and consult camp inhabitants about their options.\n\nAdvocate for the right of IDPs to leave areas where they do not feel safe without hindering their right to\nassistance. Facilitate re-registration and other technical arrangements for this purpose.\n\nSupport activities to improve living conditions in existing IDP camps and to decongest overcrowded camps in\n\naccordance with the Decongestion Strategy. Leverage this support to advocate against unsustainable and\nunsafe returns or relocations.\n\nAdvocate for increasing livelihood opportunities and agriculture activities inside and outside IDP camps and host\n\ncommunities, as well as for safeguarding these activities by the authorities.\nEnsure that any support which is provided to promote durable solutions aligns with the relevant international\n\nstandards, including the Kampala Convention, and is carried out in accordance with humanitarian principles.\n\n\n**ENDNOTES**\n\n\n1 IRC, NRC and the Nigeria INGO Forum (NIF) contributed to this note.\n2 See OCHA, Flash Updates: Damasak Town, Mobbar LGA, 11 and 14 April 2021.\n3 eg Statements by the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator, 11 and 17 April 2021.\n4 See also 'IDPs Condemn Zulum\u2019s Declaration of 1,108 as Ghosts in Borno' _Daily Post_, 5 April 2021.\n5 On the right of IDPs to protection and assistance, see for example the Kampala Convention, Articles V, IX.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/83d42ef1-ae15-34bd-8a3d-74b477f1273d/protection_sector_north-east_protection_concerns_arising_from_camp_closures.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_892/raw/doc_892_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_892/raw/doc_892_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d0e5c7d77af3d8dd3ff60d8d1c77e3dcdb33a03..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_892/raw/doc_892_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,301 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **South Sudan Protection Cluster**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\n**Executive Summary**\n\n\nThe current conflict has now reached one month, with all of South Sudan having experienced the\neffects of violence and displacement, including the reports of deaths of 10,000 civilians. Within the\noverall context of violence, there have been reported patterns and trends that point to concerns on\nthe involvement of armed forces in targeting of civilians [in all cases \u2018armed actors\u2019 is used to mean\n_both_ state and non-state armed actors]. Armed actors have been clearly identified by civilian\npopulations as targeting, arresting and killing civilians. IDPs interviewed believe that armed civilians\nwearing military uniforms are among the perpetrators. There is a belief that police carried out the\nsearching and targeting, and then handed victims over to the military for \u201cexecution.\u201d There have\nbeen consistent reports of civilians (primarily men) being detained, bound and executed. Teams have\nobserved bodies with clear and sometimes deep lacerations on the wrist that are typically present on\npersons whose hands have been bound for long duration of time. Profiling of populations by armed\ngroups \u2013 identifying ethnicity trough language test or recognition of typical scarification patterns - and\nkilling of populations based on ethnicity has been raised as a way in which people are identified. There\nhas been destruction of civilian property, including homes and markets.\n\n\n\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.5339921116828918, - "start": 153, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.6213245391845703, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\n**Protection Cluster Trends Analysis \u2013 South Sudan January 2013**\n\n\nOver a month since the beginning of the conflict, at the time of writing almost 500,000 people have\nreportedly been displaced due to insecurity and direct violence, over 60,000 are seeking refuge in\nUNMISS bases across the country. Humanitarian actors believe that many more across the country are\nor will be displaced. On 20 [th] December the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) expressed concern\nthat South Sudan is on the \u201cbrink of civil war,\u201d at the time of writing this concern appears to have\nbecome a reality, as armed actors continue their military engagement across the country and\nthousands more are believed to have been mobilised, re-mobilised and armed. As the International\nCrisis Group (ICG) reported \u201cthe blurred lines between institutions, senior political figures and ethnic\ncommunities\u2013 as well as wide-scale arms proliferation\u2014make the current situation particularly\nvolatile.\u201d [i] ICG has reported that at least 10,000 people have been killed within the first month, [ii] with\nthe death toll likely to rise the longer this conflict endures.\n\n\nIn light of the current crisis in South Sudan, the Protection Cluster in concert with Protection Cluster\npartners and other analytical actors coordinated to develop a preliminary understanding of the\ngeneral context and protection trends in South Sudan. The analysis is based on information that the\nCluster is being provided predominantly through multi-sourced and credible direct witness accounts\nand testimonies; observations of protection actors; and media and other public sources. The\ninformation indicates the patterns and trends- _both real and perceived_ - of persons affected by\nviolence and displacement in South Sudan. [iii] This document is not intended to give a comprehensive\noverview of the entire situation, but highlight trends and observations that will pose questions of the\ninternational community in trying to address the protection concerns for the civilian population in\nSouth Sudan.\n\n\nThroughout South Sudan, the civilian population has been the primary victim of ongoing conflict\nbetween and among armed groups- between and among elements of the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation\nMovement/ Army (SPLM/A) and opposition forces. [iv] This includes civilian casualties, targeting of\nproperty and allegations of targeting of specific individuals due to ethnic, political and/or community\npositions. Characterization of the conflict as a binary opposition between Kiir and Machar and\ntherefore ethnic Dinka versus Nuer is simplistic and does not capture the gross interplay of complex\npolitical, economic and social grievances in which ethnic identities are and will be heavily manipulated\nfor competing agendas. This is not to exclude current and real threats that are presently faced by Nuer\nor Dinka communities, but rather to point out that the potential for this conflict to become\nentrenched along ethnic lines is high and will impact multiple communities. Alliances between military\nand political actors are highly fluid and liable to shift, fragment, reconfigure in the coming weeks and\nmonths. The involvement of youth militia groups in the conflict has a strong potential to increase\nethnically motivated targeting of civilian populations. It is also important to anticipate the threats to\ncivilians from other ethnic groups, who have been vulnerable groups during previous periods of\nviolence. As a result, civilians are and will be exposed to a range of severe protection threats, which\nthis document seeks to capture.\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "direct witness accounts\nand testimonies", - "confidence": 0.956928014755249, - "start": 276, - "end": 281 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9986072182655334, - "start": 226, - "end": 228 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "observations of protection actors", - "confidence": 0.7500966191291809, - "start": 282, - "end": 286 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9242740869522095, - "start": 226, - "end": 228 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\n- **Targeting of civilians by armed actors**\n\n\n\nWhile actual numbers are not possible to verify, total numbers of civilian casualties are believed to be\n_at least_ ten thousand. Humanitarian workers while attempting to provide assistance in conflict\naffected areas have witnessed dead bodies, and these represent a small proportion of those overall\nreported to humanitarian and human rights actors. Populations have consistently and repeatedly\nreported that there has been deliberate targeting of the\ncivilian population by all parties to the conflict where\narmed hostilities are active. This includes identification of\nindividuals, arrest and detention before killing people, with\ndisturbing reports of mass killings [v] on multiple occasions. [vi]\nProtection and Human Rights actors have also received\nreports across the country of individuals being removed\nfrom lines at airports and other points of departure from\nStates on the basis of their ethnicity, and killed.\n\n\n\n\n\n**populations believe that they are being targeted due to**\n**their ethnicity. Some eye witness reports state that**\n**civilians are forced to wear military uniforms before being**\n**killed, to make** the casualties appear to be military casualties **.** There is also a perception that while\n\n\n\n\n\nviolence is indiscriminate, young men are especially\ntargeted. Protection and health actors are\nconcerned about consistent reporting of civilians\nbeing searched for and targeted within government\nstructures, such as medical centres, schools\n(including universities) and hospitals.\n\n\n\nThe destruction of civilian property is an additional\n\nthat this pattern of wanton violence has also been\nobserved in a number of other situations e.g. in\nsituation of government counter-insurgency\noperations such as the targeting of the Bul Nuer community during armed hostilities between the\nSouth Sudan Liberation Army (SSLA) and Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army (SPLA) in 2011; and attacks\non Murle communities in Pibor County during operations against the South Sudan Democratic Army\n\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.9696841835975647, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "Targeting of civilians by armed actors", - "confidence": 0.834273636341095, - "start": 7, - "end": 13 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8729281425476074, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.7345940470695496, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "eye witness reports", - "confidence": 0.9706072211265564, - "start": 184, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.8941530585289001, - "start": 193, - "end": 194 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\n(SSDA) in 2012-13. In each of these circumstances there were clear\npatterns of wanton destruction of civilian property, including\nmedical facilities, and humanitarian property.\n\n\nRecommendations\n\n\n1) Continue to promote messaging and actions that increase\n\naccountability for violations of international law and also\nensure that civilians are protected from any further violence.\nUtilizing domestic justice mechanisms may not be appropriate\nor possible at this time so appropriate legal tools must be\nused. All parties to the hostilities must be held to account;\n\n\n**2)** Appropriate monitoring must be conducted of local language\n\n\n\n\n\nmediums, including newspapers and radio, to identify hate\nspeech and potential targeting of civilians. This includes monitoring and ensuring political\nengagement with all parties to the hostilities to ensure that they are not manipulating fears of\nany community in South Sudan for political and military ends.\n\n\n - **Displacement trends**\n\n\nThe primary evident displacement pattern is population movement towards UNMISS bases seeking\nphysical protection but there are increasing reports of persons displaced outside of UNMISS bases.\nThese numbers have continued to swell since the outbreak of conflict on 15/16 December 2013. On 18\nDecember [viii] UNMISS in Juba housed 34,000 number of IDPs, with no reports of IDPs in other locations.\nCurrently, there is an estimated almost 500,000 IDPs in UN bases and other locations across South\nSudan. While there have been some reports of modest decrease in numbers in IDP numbers in some\nUN bases e.g. Bor **at present there is little indication under current circumstances that a critical mass**\n**of people intends to leave these bases, based on the actual or perceived security situation.** In\nUNMISS Bor, Bentiu and Malakal, fluctuating populations have been observed based on perceived\nsecurity threats or changes in control of territory - taking the opportunity for onwards movement or\nfluctuating back into the bases. In UNMISS Bentiu, humanitarians observed a demographic reconfiguration of the base population, as groups predominantly originated from outside the\nBentiu/Rubkona area took the opportunity of the change of control of the area to move out of the\nUNMISS base, and Nuer populations moved into the base.\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Displacement trends", - "confidence": 0.9191545844078064, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.6565561890602112, - "start": 209, - "end": 210 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8423801064491272, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nWhere humanitarians have access to discuss the displacement situation with affected populations,\nsome persons interviewed indicated that they believe they will be targeted on the basis of their ethnic\nidentity or that they may be targeted as \u2018defectors\u2019 or as supporting the opposition, hence **there is a**\n**deep reluctance to leave UNMISS bases** or return to the location of displacement (be it their place of\norigin or place of residence). At present, in Juba, those interviewed stated that if they were to leave\nthe bases it would be to return to their home \u2018areas of origin\u2019 outside Juba, where there are relatives\nor community members with whom they feel safe, if and when they feel it is safe to travel there. In\ncontrast, populations in Bentiu at the time of assessment (6 January 2014) noted that they wished to\nreturn home, as many are from outside Bentiu, or to travel onwards, but did not feel safe as they\nwere \u2018surrounded by Nuer.\u2019\n\n**It is anticipated that if there is any move to relocate civilian populations, either using UNMISS or**\n**humanitarian assets, or self-financed, this must be made in light of the severe protection threats**\n**(both possible and probable) facing the populations** - by armed actors, both state and non-state \u2013\nand upon consideration and implementation of risk mitigation measures. Further, any relocation of\npopulations to and from UNMISS bases may well pose challenges to the perception of neutrality and\nimpartiality of the humanitarian community and/or UNMISS.\n\n\n\nSimilar discussions with populations displaced outside of UNMISS bases in Awerial indicated a\nreluctance to move back to Bor in the near future, while conflict is ongoing. Those that could afford\nonward travel were moving to Juba or leaving South Sudan to claim asylum. Given population\nmovement into Juba and the fact that UNMISS bases in Juba have reached both assistance capacity\nand have a chronic lack of space (less than 1 square metre per person in UNMISS Tong Ping), actors\nshould be concerned about identifying an appropriate safe and protected space for the influx of new\narrivals into Juba. **The Protection Cluster would caution against the creation of IDP camps as far as is**\n**possible,** as this gives an illusion of security that cannot currently be provided. The chronic lack of\nspace in UNMISS bases is a challenge to absorbing new arrivals (see below: Protection threats within\nand around the perimeter of UNMISS bases), and it **increases the risk that new arrivals may squat or**\n**claim land and property of those that have been**\n**displaced.** In areas of new arrivals, assistance\nplanning should take into consideration the\npressure that will be placed on host communities in\na situation where geographical areas must absorb a\npopulation influx. While displacement is largely due\nto active conflict, there are indications that people\nare engaging in anticipatory movements, in Unity\nand Upper Nile as well as in Juba, where\npopulations were witnessed leaving towns in\nsignificant numbers. There are increased reports of\npeople leaving South Sudan to seek refuge in\n\n\n\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nneighbouring countries. At the time of writing over 80,000 people have sought refuge in neighbouring\ncountries.\n\n\n**Ultimately the most significant question is on the conditions conducive to enabling the civilian**\n**population to return or move to a location of their choosing that they deem safe.** More appropriate\nprofiling of the populations will be required to explore triggers and enablers for return. At present,\npeople are not leaving Protection of Civilians (PoC) [ix] areas in and around UNMISS bases in any\nsignificant numbers. The voluntariness of return must be a central view in understanding displacement\nand return, as there is potential for populations to feel under political or other pressures to return\nbefore they feel safe to do so. Already government officials have been calling on populations to leave\nthe UNMISS bases, as an indication of the return to \u2018calm.\u2019 This is an early indication of the type of\npolitical pressure that may be directed towards populations to return to areas of displacement.\n\nAs the conflict either continues or one party gains some of form stable control over a geographical\narea, there is a risk of secondary occupation of land left by people fleeing conflict. This needs to be\nconsidered in particular in the context of conflict sensitive interventions and post conflict assistance\nactivities.\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nAs noted above, the issue of persons wishing to return to their \u2018states of origin\u2019 means **there is the**\n**significant potential that South Sudan may experience a significant reconfiguration of the**\n**population along ethnic/regional boundaries,** and humanitarians and other actors must be alert to\nthis within their operations. Any discussion on humanitarian corridors or other means of facilitating\nlarge movements of populations should be engaged with cautiously, and not pre-empt efforts to\ncreate realistic community security throughout South Sudan.\n\nRecommendations\n\n1) Political actors should negotiate increased access to land to accommodate new arrivals into\n\nUNMISS bases. This is an activity of the utmost urgency. Outside UNMISS bases, the Protection\nCluster cautions against encampment as a practice;\n\n2) Support coherent collective profiling exercises which seek to better understand causes of\n\ndisplacement, as well as actions that will enable safe return, to inform programmatic\nresponse;\n\n3) Assistance planning should take into consideration the pressure that will be placed on host\n\ncommunities in a situation where geographical areas must absorb a population influx;\n\n\n4) Political engagement with all parties to ensure that the conditions for safe return are in place\n\nshould people choose to move back their homes and rebuild lives and livelihoods.\n\n\n**Protection threats within, and around the perimeter of, UNMISS bases**\n\n\nThe most significant threat being faced by populations within UNMISS bases, and around the\nimmediate perimeter area, is active conflict directed at or near UNMISS bases because they are\nhosting civilians, e.g. Akobo and Bor, or potential collateral damage and damage due to conflict cross\nfire, e.g. Bentiu and Malakal. As a result of these threats thus far civilians, humanitarian workers and\nUN peacekeepers have lost their lives. **With populations contained within bases, the potential risk of**\n**casualties due to cross-fire and/or direct attack, or panic driven crowd control issues, is very high**\n\n\nThere have been very concerning reports, including eye witness accounts, of abductions of men by\narmed actors and affiliated in the immediate area outside of the Protection of Civilians area at\nUNMISS Westgate in Juba, and of abductions of men from within the PoC area in UNMISS Bor\ncompound, where they were reportedly killed outside of the PoC area. The Humanitarian Coordinator\nnoted: \u2018When I ended up moving to the airport [Sunday] evening, we saw some of the most horrible\nthings that one can imagine ... People who were being lined up and executed in a summary fashion.\nThis is done by people who are simply out of control.\u2019 [x] There have been reports of SPLA shooting at\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\ncivilians into the bases at night. Additionally, there have been allegations of women being raped in\nperimeter areas outside of the PoC area in Juba. UNMISS have taken measures to fortify both\nlocations. It is encouraging that **these fortification measures are now being combined with other**\n**relevant deterrence activities, such as patrolling inside and around UNMISS bases.**\n\nThere is a perception that in some UNMISS bases armed actors have \u2018infiltrated\u2019 the PoC areas, and\nare observing who is in there. There is a large sense of fear in terms of security within the bases and\nconcerted **rumours of armed actors entering the UNMISS bases to identify and arrest individuals .**\n**Rumours and reports of \u2018death lists\u2019 and \u2018assassination lists\u2019 have heightened anxiety of displaced**\n**populations.** This is an issue that will need to be taken into critical consideration by operational actors\nattempting to provide assistance within bases \u2013 in terms of community trust with relevant authorities\n(formal and informal). The recent rejection of Ministry of Health staff to conduct a vaccinations\ncampaign within the population of over 17,000 IDPs in UNMISS Tong Ping is a profound reflection of\nthe distrust of authorities, and anxiety of the base population. Operational actors will need to have\nthis at the forefront when hiring and deploying staff, engaging in cooperative assistance with relevant\nauthorities and qualified staff and when sharing information on humanitarian activities.\n\n\nThe carrying of arms within PoC areas is increasingly being reported in UNMISS bases, with \u2018stop and\nsearch\u2019 and \u2018weapons sweeps\u2019 being conducted. UNMISS and UNPOL have reported confiscating arms\nat entrances to the bases. Recruitment of adults and forcible recruitment of children is a growing\nconcern within and outside of UNMISS bases. **The combination of arms, recruitment and mobilisation**\n**is a concern for the escalation and prolongation of conflict outside of the bases, but also for**\n**triggering conflicts within bases** . At present, given the nature of agreements with Government of\nSouth Sudan on how to demobilize and disarm children associated with armed forces and groups\n(CAAFG), it will be challenging to address DDR activities without changing the framework of\nengagement on this.\n\n\nTeams in sites note the very high number of youth in UNMISS bases, which is irregular in comparison\nto other displacement sites in South Sudan. This both points to the perception of insecurity outside\nthe bases, but also the challenges in maintaining community cohesion in the PoC areas, since\nprotection monitoring within bases has noted an increase in unruly youth and alcohol/drug abuse. It\nwill be critical that community based programming is engaged within the PoC areas of UNMISS bases\nto address tensions and early warning where possible. Similarly, the UNPOL patrolling of UNMISS Tong\nPing should be up-scaled and continued in all other locations. [xi] Sexual and gender based violence is a\ngrowing concern in over-crowded base populations, that expose individuals and communities to risk.\n\n\nChild protection concerns are acute within the PoC areas of UNMISS bases. **Family separation is a**\n**common feature of displacement in South Sudan due to rapid/un-planned flight or as survival**\n**mechanism in itself.** Child Protection actors in UNMISS bases in Juba have noticed that displacement\npatterns have included families coming in waves, i.e not as a complete family unit \u2013 leaving behind\neither acutely vulnerable family members, such as the elderly or the disabled, or young men staying\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nback to protect property. Family tracing and reunification activities have identified families who were\nseparated during displacement.\n\n\nAs populations inside the bases swell, child protection actors are noticing an increase in families being\nseparated within the base itself, e.g. when mothers go to collect water or at distribution points. This is\nand will continue to cause challenges for humanitarian actors providing assistance at distribution\npoints, given the inability to engage in mass registration of populations and identifying\nunaccompanied and vulnerable minors. The lack of physical space within bases makes it difficult for\nchild protection actors to create child friendly spaces and undertake other activities such as\nemergency education that would promote the safety and wellbeing of children and youth.\n\n\nWithin the bases, there continue to be mixed population groups, including Dinka, Nuer and Murle (as\nwell as foreign nationals and refugees) in the UNMISS bases. Maintaining community cohesion will be\na challenge. **Tensions arising from frustrations and any potential new influx of populations will need**\n**to be addressed carefully** to reduce potential conflict and risks to individuals/community groups.\n\n\nThe lack of space inside the bases has already resulted in tensions and violence, in which some young\nchildren were also stabbed when fights broke out over lack of space. The population in UNMISS Tong\nPing are reportedly living in a space of less than 1 square metre per person. Humanitarians, with\nUNMISS, are looking into measures to relieve the population size in UNMISS Tong Ping by relocating\npopulations and extending the PoC area in UNMISS UN House. These efforts are considerable but all\nactors involved recognise that this is only a very temporary solution, with **UN bases reaching capacity**\n**across the country and humanitarians only able to provide assistance well below the internationally**\n**accepted minimum standards.** As this conflict endures, engagement with all appropriate actors to\nrelease land will be essential, as well as UNMISS extending its PoC mandate to encompass extended or\nnew sites, as civilians are unlikely to move to any location they consider being less secured.\n\n\nRecommendations\n\n1) As with above, negotiation on land for growing base population is an issue of utmost urgency;\n\n\n2) UNMISS/UNPOL continue and expand patrolling efforts within and around the perimeter\n\nfence of bases and within PoC areas. This should be as far as possible, on foot and with a\ncoherent community engagement strategy. Recently deployed Formed Police Units should be\nprioritized for this task as well;\n\n\n3) Continue to support Protection actors who are engaged in protection monitoring, community\n\nbased programming and service provision, to strengthen protection assistance and promote\nearly warning systems.\n\n**Protection threats outside of UNMISS bases.**\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nThe chronic WASH, shelter and health needs among the population affected by the conflict constitute\na revealing statement in itself. The commendable efforts by agencies in the provision of these services\naside, **the willingness of populations to live in overcrowded areas where only the most basic services**\n**are available demonstrates their perception and fear of what lies outside UNMISS bases or upon**\n**return** . Many state that that they are worried about what will happen to them if they leave the bases\nor return home. Potential hate speech and enduring conflict escalate the risks of conflict both within\nand outside of UNMISS bases.\n\n\nIn addition to formal armed groups, including elements of the SPLA and opposing forces, armed youth\nmovements will bring an additional challenge in the conflict. **Recruitment (including forcible) and**\n**mobilisation of children and adults into both formal armed groups and youth militia is an issue of**\n**significant concern.** Additionally, witness accounts of \u2018gun drops\u2019 (i.e. arming) and large scale\ncollection of uniforms, planning discussions on potential attacks and shifting military and political\nalliances do not suggest de-escalation in conflict.\n\n\nThreats associated with pre-emptive displacement, including looting of property, armed\nconflict/banditry on exit routes, etc., will continue to be a concern, particularly if populations travel in\nlarge groups, as well as potential risk of attack. Protection teams have been receiving reports of\nbarges and other convoys being attacked. Freedom of movement has already been a recorded\nchallenge for people, with reports of checkpoint areas in Juba; prohibition of travel for residents out of\nJonglei and Unity states; and persons pulled from queues at airports and, in cases, killed.\n\n\nThere are growing pockets of displaced people within urban areas, e.g. in Juba, as they do not feel it is\nsafe to proceed to UNMISS due to a range of factors, including insecurity of getting from point A to\npoint B, and/or strong belief it is unsafe for people of certain ethnic groups to move to a base that is\ncomprised of other ethnicities, due to perceived or actual threats.\n\nLonger term insecurity can be fuelled by increase in the price of/or lack of oil, fuel, and food. Previous\nincidents, such as conflict in Pibor County, have revealed that the payment of armed groups should be\nobserved as a potential trigger for insecurity \u2013 including looting and further displacement, as well as\ndestruction of civilian property.\n\n\n - **UNMISS and Chapter VII mandate in South Sudan**\n\n\nGiven the population numbers that have moved to UNMISS bases and the extreme challenges of the\nMission to meet the humanitarian needs of the affected population, humanitarian actors are now\nproviding assistance within the bases, including WASH, non-food Items and shelter, health services\nand food, as well as general protection, GBV and child protection support. While humanitarians are\nengaged in assistance activities, **it must be clearly remembered that these areas are and remain**\n**military bases, with UNMISS having ultimate responsibility for the Protection of Civilians there**\n**within** . While it may be simpler to refer to these areas as \u2018camps,\u2019 given the protective presence\nprovided, these are Protection of Civilian areas within bases.\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\nThough UNMISS has opened up its bases to enable civilians under threat of violence to take shelter in\nthese sites, and has attempted patrolling in Juba and Malakal, it faces challenges in exercising its\nChapter VII mandate. It is important to recall that in July 2013, the mandate language was changed to\nreflect the diversity of sources of threats of violence, and to enable UNMISS to act irrespective of the\nsource. Yet, UNMISS is required to seek assurances and permission from the Government of South\nSudan to conduct activities, including the deployment of troops. This continued need to seek\nauthorization for movements from a party to the conflict introduces a restriction and a challenge for\npatrolling and other Protection of Civilians activities, and therefore has significant implications in\nterms of the ability of UNMISS to exercise its PoC mandate in a neutral and impartial manner. The\nnight patrols in Juba town are a clear example where UNMISS have attempted to take\nprotective/deterrent measures but requests to travel around Juba were denied by government\nauthorities, and/or are accompanied by SPLA liaison officers. These officers, regardless of their titles,\nare perceived by the civilian population to be a direct threat to their well-being in certain areas.\nUNMISS neutrality in such a situation may be readily questioned by the civilian population, as well as\nby potentially any opposition group that is unable or unwilling to distinguish between roles and\nresponsibilities within the SPLA.\n\n\nFurthermore, in Juba, there are allegations of ongoing killing of civilians at night, displacement of\npopulations and allegations that bodies are being moved at night. This has created challenges for\nUNMISS to be able to leave the perimeters of the bases, where there have been reports of armed\nactors, including elements of the SPLA, firing into PoC areas, and of abductions/rapes in the\nimmediate vicinity of the bases.\n\n\nInformation sharing protocols, specifically with parties to the conflict, continue to be a concern for\nhumanitarian Protection actors. The sharing of information on issues such as who is within UNMISS\nbases, specific incidences and allegations, and population movements, for example, with a party to\nthe conflict places significant risk to civilian populations. Additionally, UNMISS will have to ensure that\ndecisions by UNMISS are independent of analysis and prioritisation of parties to the conflict, to allow a\nneutral engagement.\n\n\nThe use of force protection in enabling humanitarian assistance will have to be considered with\ncaution. Incidences in Bor and Malakal where humanitarians had to negotiate their own access with\narmed elements point to the ability and/or willingness of UNMISS to engage in force protection\nactivities. This poses increased challenges for humanitarian actors once force multipliers are deployed.\nHumanitarians must ensure a clear distinction of humanitarian assets, including air and freight assets,\nfrom those of UNMISS.\n\n\ni The opposition forces currently comprise of: SPLA defections under key commanders, non-state armed actors\nsuch as the SSDA and SSLA, formalized armed youth groups or armed militias e.g. White Army and possibly other\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "South Sudan Protection Cluster\n\n\ngroups including the former Mundari forces. These groupings are all fluid and must be understood as shifting\nbased on strategic and opportunistic agendas.\n\nii [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/world/africa/new-estimate-sharply-raises-death-toll-in-south-](http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/world/africa/new-estimate-sharply-raises-death-toll-in-south-sudan.html?_r=0)\n[sudan.html?_r=0](http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/world/africa/new-estimate-sharply-raises-death-toll-in-south-sudan.html?_r=0)\n\niii Some of the information has not yet been corroborated but is included in this analysis because perception of\nthreat and risk impacts the choices that civilians make and either contributes to de-conflicting tensions of\nexacerbating them. Therefore, the Protection Cluster and its partners consider perceived threat to be as\nimportant as actual threat when analysing causes of displacement, prolongation of displacement and solutions\ntowards safe return.\n\niv The opposition forces currently comprise of: SPLA defections under key commanders, non-state armed actors\nsuch as the SSDA and SSLA, formalized armed youth groups or armed militias e.g. White Army and possibly other\ngroups including the former Mundari forces. These groupings are all fluid and must be understood as shifting\nbased on strategic and opportunistic agendas.\n\nv A mass killing is the act of murdering a large number of people, typically at the same time or over a relatively\nshort period of time\n\nvi In order not to compromise the activities of UNMISS Human Rights and other credible investigations, this brief\ndoes not contain any information relating to specific cases.\n\nvii Enough Project have uploaded images of destruction of civilian property by armed groups\n[http://www.flickr.com/photos/enoughproject/sets/72157639691311825/](http://www.flickr.com/photos/enoughproject/sets/72157639691311825/)\n\nviii When the international humanitarian community was able to move to assess the unfolding situation.\nix Protection of Civilians areas is a term used to describe the physical space in which civilians who perceive\nthemselves to be at risk can seek refuge in.\n\n[x UN Humanitarian Coordinator, BBC 23 December 2013 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25487084.](http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25487084)\n\nxiBeginning 28 December 2013, a Protection Cluster partner and UNPOL began patrolling of within UNMISS Tong\nPing. This is a welcome initiative, although needs up scaled, night patrolling and be cautious in regularizing the\npatrols at set times to the point of predictability.\n\n\nsouthsudanprotectioncluster.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/43354b72-4067-32eb-bef9-67869ae5f58b/protection_trends_paper_no_1.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_893/raw/doc_893_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_893/raw/doc_893_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1b0688188d3b2b05118e361413508730fc52cecf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_893/raw/doc_893_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Table \r of \r Contents**\n\n**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** **3**\n\n\n**RECOMMENDATIONS** **5**\n\n\n**BEYOND GREATER UPPER NILE: SPREAD OF INSTABILITY** **9**\n\n\n**BACKGROUND \r TO \r THE \r CONFLICT \r IN \r LAKES \r STATE** **9**\n**INTERNAL \r INSTABILITY \r AND \r CONFLICT \r IN \r LAKES \r STATE** **10**\n**IMPACT \r OF \r VIOLENCE \r ON \r THE \r POPULATION \r OF \r LAKES** **10**\n**THE \r WIDER \r CONFLICT \r IN \r SOUTH \r SUDAN** **11**\n\n\n**FREEDOM TO MOVE, FREEDOM TO MAKE CHOICES** **12**\n\n\n**UNMISS** **POC** **SITE \r IN \r BOR,** **JONGLEI \r STATE** **12**\n**ONWARD \r OPTIONS** **13**\n**VIOLENCE \r DURING \r MOVEMENT** **13**\n**COERCED \r MOVEMENT** **13**\n**MINES \r AND \r OTHER \r EXPLOSIVE \r REMNANTS \r OF \r WAR** **14**\n\n\n**RISKS TO CHILDREN IN THE CONFLICT** **14**\n\n\n**VIOLENCE \r AGAINST \r CHILDREN** **14**\n**RECRUITMENT \r OF \r CHILDREN** **14**\n**FORCED \r TO \r CROSS \r BORDERS** **15**\n\n\n**PROTECTING CIVILIANS** **15**\n\n\n**PROTECTION \r THREATS \r AROUND \r THE \r UNMISS** **POC \r SITES** **16**\n**PROTECTION \r THREATS \r INSIDE \r THE \r UNMISS** **POC \r SITES** **17**\n\n\n**SHRINKING SPACE FOR CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY** **19**\n\n\n**NGO** **BILL** **20**\n**CONTROLLING \r PUBLIC \r DEBATE** **21**\n**CLOSING \r OPERATING \r SPACES** **21**\n\n\n**CONCLUSION** **22**\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Executive \r Summary**\n\nThe \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r which \r began \r on \r 15 \r December \r 2013 \r with \r the \r outbreak \r of\npolitically \r motivated \r violence, \r was \r based \r on \r presumed \r political \r loyalties \r along \r ethnic \r lines,\nand \r was \r precipitated \r by \r the \r internal \r conflict \r within \r the \r Government \r of \r the \r Republic \r of \r South\nSudan \r (GRSS), \r and \r the \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Movement \r (SPLM). \r It \r split \r into \r those \r loyal\nto \r the \r Government \r and \r those \r loyal \r to \r opposition \r forces, \r which \r have \r subsequently \r engaged\nin \r violence \r and \r violence \r through \r their \r armed \r forces \r of \r the \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation\nArmy \r (SPLA) \r and \r South \r Sudan \r People\u2019s \r Liberation \r Army/In \r Opposition \r (SPLA/IO) \r and \r proxy\nmilitias, \r and \r community \r armed \r groups. [1]\n\nThe \r past \r ten \r months \r have \r seen \r significant \r violence \r against \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan, \r including \r direct \r violence, \r coercion \r and \r deliberate \r deprivation, \r perpetrated \r by \r all\nparties \r to \r the \r conflict \r with \r impunity. \r This \r conflict \r is \r fuelling \r food \r insecurity \r and \r forcing\npeople \r to \r take \r on \r increasingly \r negative \r coping \r strategies \r as \r markets \r continue \r to \r lie\ndestroyed \r and \r dormant, \r traders \r are \r unable \r to \r move \r goods \r safely \r around \r the \r country, \r and\nhumanitarian \r actors \r attempt \r to \r respond \r in \r a \r fragile \r security \r environment. \r The \r reporting\nperiod \r May-\u00ad\u2010September \r 2014 \r has \r witnessed \r an \r increase \r in \r negative \r coping \r strategies.\nPopulations \r now \r have \r to \r move \r across \r and \r in \r proximity \r to \r conflict \r frontlines \r to \r access\nfunctioning \r markets \r or \r goods, \r and \r risk \r sexual \r violence \r and \r other \r dangers \r to \r guarantee\nsecurity \r and \r safety \r of \r households. [2] With \r the \r dry \r season \r ahead \r the \r expectations \r are \r that\nviolence \r will \r increase \r and \r so \r will \r displacement, \r dispersion \r and \r migration \r as \r people \r seek \r to\nensure \r personal \r security \r and \r access \r to \r viable \r livelihoods \r options. \r This \r movement \r creates \r a\nsignificant \r challenge \r for \r the \r safety \r of \r populations \r and \r the \r provision \r of \r assistance.\n\nThis \r report \r aims \r to \r capture \r the \r main \r protection \r threats \r the \r population \r faced \r from \r May \r to\nSeptember \r 2014, \r as \r well \r as \r other \r key \r trends. \r It \r aims \r to \r inform \r the \r response \r of \r all\nhumanitarian \r actors \r to \r the \r protection \r threats \r faced \r by \r the \r civilian \r population \r in \r South\nSudan. \r This \r report \r highlights \r five \r key \r issues \r in \r the \r context \r of \r the \r overall \r conflict \r and \r aims \r to\ninfluence \r dialogue \r around \r the \r viability \r of \r \u2018durable \r solutions\u2019 \r in \r 2015.\n\n###### **Beyond \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile**\n\n\nWhile \r the \r humanitarian \r response \r has \r largely \r focused \r on \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region \r and\nkey \r UNMISS \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r (PoC) \r sites \r across \r the \r country, \r instability \r and \r violence \r has\nspread \r into \r other \r states \r as \r the \r broader \r national \r conflict \r continues \r to \r exacerbate \r localised\ntensions \r and \r grievances. \r As \r a \r result, \r more \r of \r the \r population \r have \r been \r exposed \r to \r acute\nprotection \r threats \r and \r developed \r greater \r needs, \r which \r has \r exacerbated \r the \r conditions \r of\npopulations \r already \r displaced. \r The \r example \r of \r Lakes \r State \r presents \r an \r important \r case \r study.\nSharing \r a \r border \r with \r five \r states \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r including \r Unity, \r Jonglei \r and \r Central\nEquatoria, \r Lakes \r has \r seen \r an \r escalation \r in \r internal \r conflict \r caused \r by \r political \r unrest, \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\n\n\n1 \r For \r further \r analysis \r see _South \r Sudan: \r A \r Civil \r War \r By \r Any \r Other \r Name_, \r International \r Crisis\nGroup, \r Africa \r Report \r No. \r 217, \r 10 [th] April \r 2014.\n\n2 See _Initial \r Rapid \r Needs \r Assessments_ (IRNA), www.humanitarianresponse.info \r accessed \r 24\nOctober \r 2014.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.9254763126373291, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8661719560623169, - "start": 330, - "end": 331 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South\nSudan", - "confidence": 0.9539027214050293, - "start": 374, - "end": 376 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.5903170108795166, - "start": 404, - "end": 405 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7115281820297241, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilian \r population", - "confidence": 0.8264144062995911, - "start": 371, - "end": 373 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communal \r violence \r and \r violence \r against \r women \r since \r the \r start \r of \r the \r year.\n\n###### **Freedom \r to \r move, \r freedom \r to \r make \r choices**\n\n\nThere \r are \r over \r 1.8 \r million \r South \r Sudanese \r displaced \r in \r and \r outside \r of \r South \r Sudan [3] . \r This\nsituation \r is \r expected \r to \r increase \r as \r the \r June-\u00ad\u2010October \r rainy \r season \r ends \r and \r roads \r previously\nblocked \r allow \r people \r to \r move. \r However, \r since \r May \r 2014, \r a \r further \r 547,000 \r people \r have\nbecome \r internally \r displaced \r and \r 178,600 \r more \r have \r crossed \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees,\ndemonstrating \r the \r tenacity \r of \r those \r who \r have \r become \r displaced. [4] While \r some \r of \r the\npopulation \r will \r resettle, \r others \r face \r multiple \r rounds \r of \r displacement \r as \r they \r move \r away\nfrom \r conflict, \r into \r another, \r and \r move \r towards \r assistance. \r Choices \r are \r often \r limited \r and\nmany \r persons \r are \r unable \r to \r move \r free \r of \r harm. \r The \r added \r manipulation \r of \r movement \r by\narmed \r groups \r remains \r a \r concern.\n\n###### **A \r lost \r generation: \r Risks \r to \r children \r in \r conflict**\n\n\nChildren \r in \r South \r Sudan \r risk \r many \r forms \r of \r violence \r that \r make \r it \r difficult \r for \r them \r to\nreintegrate \r into \r society. \r They \r are \r deprived \r education \r due \r to \r displacement \r or \r if \r they \r live \r in\nopposition \r areas \r when \r the \r Government \r withholds \r salaries \r for \r teachers \r in \r those \r areas.\nChildren \r who \r become \r displaced \r and \r cross \r national \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees \r are \r then \r at\nrisk \r of \r recruitment \r into \r armed \r groups \r including \r the \r SPLA, \r SPLA/IO \r and \r community \r defence\nforces. \r The \r social \r fabric \r of \r whole \r communities \r is \r then \r affected \r as \r children \r are \r frequently\ndeployed \r to \r frontlines \r and \r engaged \r in \r military \r conflict \r and \r in \r some \r cases \r direct \r control \r and\ncommand.\n\n###### **Protecting \r Civilians**\n\n\nWith \r an \r estimated \r population \r of \r almost \r 100,000 \r people \r living \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites \r and\nhumanitarians \r expecting \r more \r arrivals \r as \r the \r rainy \r season \r ends \r around \r November, \r the\nissues \r of \r basic \r protection \r and \r rule \r of \r law \r continue \r to \r be \r a \r stumbling \r block \r to \r the \r human\nsecurity \r of \r people \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r As \r the \r population \r has \r expanded, \r frustrations \r related \r to\ndeteriorating \r conditions \r have \r grown \r amongst \r IDPs, \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS. \r as \r UNMISS\nis \r unable \r to \r meet \r the \r total \r protection \r needs \r of \r the \r population \r in \r the \r POC \r sites.\n\n\nWhile \r there \r have \r been \r attempts \r at \r sustained \r and \r increased \r patrolling \r by \r UNMISS\npeacekeepers, \r for \r example \r in \r Bentiu \r the \r initiative \r has \r not \r been \r rolled \r out \r systematically\nacross \r PoC \r sites \r and \r protection \r challenges \r remain, \r from \r the \r inappropriate \r handling \r of \r petty\ncrime \r in \r the \r bases, \r to \r mismanagement \r of \r community \r tensions, \r or \r the \r lack \r of\nimplementation \r of \r perimeter \r or \r key \r arterial \r route \r patrols \r to \r support \r moving \r populations.\nThis \r is \r a \r concern \r in \r the \r context \r of \r a \r shrinking \r Rule \r of \r Law \r section \r within \r UNMISS \r and \r limited\nhumanitarian \r resources \r to \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions \r and \r criminality. \r Inside \r PoC \r sites, \r tensions\nbetween \r different \r population \r groups \r have \r increased \r risks \r to \r IDPs, \r humanitarian \r personnel\nand \r others \r working \r inside.\n\n\n3 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n4 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Shrinking \r space \r for \r citizens \r and \r civil \r society**\n\nProtection \r actors \r are \r concerned \r with \r the \r pressure \r placed \r on \r national \r organisations\ncontributing \r to \r the \r humanitarian \r relief \r efforts. \r In \r addition, \r the \r curtailing \r of \r the \r work \r of\nhuman \r rights \r organizations, \r the \r media \r and \r other \r forums \r limits \r the \r potential \r for \r over-\u00ad\u2010sight \r of\nthe \r and \r its \r accountability \r to \r the \r needs \r of \r the \r population. \r This \r task \r cannot \r be \r fully \r out-\u00ad\u2010\nsourced \r to \r international \r actors. \r Ultimately \r it \r is \r the \r South \r Sudanese \r who \r must \r provide \r justice\nframeworks \r and \r a \r sustainable \r response \r to \r the \r crisis. \r Steps \r to \r end \r the \r harassment \r of\njournalists \r and \r media \r outlets \r by \r national \r security \r sector \r actors \r and \r stop \r any \r efforts \r to\ncurtail \r national \r NGOs \r through \r an \r unconstitutional \r NGO \r bill \r will \r result \r in \r significant \r steps\nbackwards \r of \r any \r attempt \r to \r bring \r a \r resolution \r to \r and \r recovery \r from \r this \r crisis \r in \r the \r longer\nterm.\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n\n1. The \r international \r community \r engages \r with \r the \r parties \r of \r the \r conflict \r and\n\nencourages \r them \r to \r adhere \r to \r International \r Law \r to \r prevent \r the\nescalation \r and \r spread \r of \r conflict.\n2. Resolution \r 20155 \r (2014) \r is \r extended \r for \r 12 \r months, \r including \r Security\n\nCouncil \r guidance \r on \r increase \r of \r civilian \r protection \r components.\n3. UNMISS \r can \r improve \r efforts \r at \r patrolling; \r including \r dismounted\n\npatrolling, \r along \r key \r corridors \r of \r population \r movement.\n4. Recognising \r the \r risks, \r the \r International \r Community \r should \r refrain \r from\n\nsupporting \r forced \r disarmament \r initiatives.\n5. Displacement \r tracking \r and \r protection \r monitoring \r mechanisms \r are\n\nestablished \r country \r wide \r to \r enable \r early \r warning \r and \r improve \r response\n6. All \r efforts \r are \r made \r to \r support \r affected \r populations \r seeking \r safety \r and\n\nassistance \r during \r the \r dry \r season, \r adhering \r to \r \u2018do \r no \r harm\u2019 \r principles.\n7. Education \r needs \r are \r prioritized \r in \r humanitarian \r response \r to \r make \r youth\n\ntargeted \r programmes \r a \r focus \r in \r 2015.\n8. All \r actors \r become \r alert \r to \r the \r challenges \r of \r pending \r South \r Sudan\n\nlegislation. \r Human \r rights \r and \r civil \r society \r organisations \r should \r be\nsupported \r and \r common \r approaches \r developed \r to \r prevent \r the\nimplementation \r of \r legislation \r that \r compromises \r their \r safety \r and \r welfare.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Introduction**\n\nSince \r the \r outbreak \r of \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r the \r main \r political \r parties \r have \r entered\na \r stalemate. \r Neither \r side \r has \r honoured \r commitments \r to \r cease \r hostilities \r or \r to \r define \r a\ncommon \r framework \r for \r resolving \r the \r conflict. \r This \r is \r a \r situation \r that \r has \r uprooted \r 1.8\nmillion \r people, \r and \r precipitated \r one \r of \r the \r largest \r humanitarian \r emergencies \r in \r the \r region.\nA \r disconnect \r between \r the \r mediation \r process, \r political \r events, \r and \r the \r landscape \r of \r military\nengagement \r and \r armed \r conflict \r is \r clearly \r apparent. \r The \r Intergovernmental \r Authority \r for\nDevelopment \r (IGAD), \r a \r key \r sponsor \r of \r the \r mediation \r process \r and \r the \r international\ncommunity \r at \r large, \r has \r so \r far \r not \r succeeded \r in \r ensuring \r that _issues \r of \r accountability_ are\nappropriately \r addressed \r in \r the \r conflict. [5] A \r powerful \r reminder \r of \r the \r failure \r to \r address\naccountability \r for \r human \r rights \r violations \r in \r armed \r conflict \r is \r the \r now \r redundant \r 2005\nComprehensive \r Peace \r Agreement \r (CPA).\n\nThis \r is \r the \r third \r in \r a \r series \r of \r protection \r trends \r analysis \r papers \r (January \r and \r May \r 2014) \r from\nthe \r South \r Sudan \r Protection \r Cluster. \r It \r discusses \r the \r critical \r and \r emerging \r protection \r trends\nthat \r have \r characterized \r the \r period \r between \r May \r and \r September \r 2014. [6] These \r include \r the\n**rise \r of \r sexual \r violence**, **forced \r child \r recruitment**, **restrictions \r to \r freedom \r of \r movement** for\nconflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r populations. \r This \r is \r in \r addition \r to \r punitive \r government \r regulations \r imposed\non \r civil \r society \r in \r contravention \r of \r international \r human \r rights \r standards.\n\n\n**Physical \r insecurity \r caused \r by \r armed \r conflict \r remains \r the \r single \r largest \r protection \r threat \r in**\n**South \r Sudan.** Since \r the \r May \r 2014 \r Protection \r Trends \r Analysis, \r the \r humanitarian \r community\nhas \r witnessed \r an \r entrenchment \r of \r violence \r and \r its \r impacts. \r Trends \r observed \r in \r this \r report\nexplain \r a \r continuation \r or \r consequence \r of \r that \r ongoing \r instability \r and \r violence.\n\n\nThe \r anticipated \r lull \r in \r fighting \r during \r the \r rainy \r season \r (May-\u00ad\u2010October) \r has \r not \r transpired.\nMilitary \r activities \r continue \r in \r the \r states \r of \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r Jonglei, \r Unity \r and \r Upper\nNile. [7] Coupled \r with \r food \r insecurity, \r violence \r has \r continued \r to \r displace \r populations \r across\nSouth \r Sudan.\n\n\nBetween \r May \r and \r September \r 2014 \r a \r further \r 547,000 \r people \r have \r become \r internally\ndisplaced \r and \r 178,600 \r have \r crossed \r borders \r to \r become \r refugees. [8] Violence \r has \r spread\nthroughout \r the \r country, \r with pockets \r of \r military \r defections \r and \r desertions \r seen \r in \r the\nGreater \r Bahr \r El-\u00ad\u2010Ghazals \r and \r Greater \r Equatorias \r States. [9] There \r are \r also \r reports \r of \r pre-\u00ad\u2010\nemptive \r displacement \r from \r these \r regions \r as \r populations \r fear \r the \r result \r of \r reported \r or\nreconfigurations \r of \r political \r alliances, \r experience \r on-\u00ad\u2010going \r conflict \r and \r fear \r an \r increase \r in\n\n\n5 Since \r January \r 2014, \r the \r Cessation \r of \r Hostilities \r (CoH) \r Agreement \r has \r been \r signed \r twice \r and\neach \r time \r abrogated.\n\n6 Protection \r Trends \r Papers \r can \r be \r found \r on \r http://southsudanprotectioncluster.org/.\n7 Hutton, \r L., _South \r Sudan: \r From \r Fragility \r at \r Independence \r to \r a \r Crisis \r of \r Sovereignty_,\nClingendael \r Institute, \r March \r 2014.\n\n8 \r UN \r OCHA, _South \r Sudan \r Crisis \r Situation \r Report_, \r No. \r 56, \r 25 \r September \r 2014.\n9 _Macro \r Analysis \r of \r Conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan_, \r Protection \r Cluster, \r August \r 2014.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "military \r engagement \r during \r the \r dry \r season \r when \r unblocked \r roads \r make \r units \r more\nmobile. [10]\n\n\nStates \r previously \r deemed \r \u201cstable\u201d \r are \r becoming \r embroiled \r in \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence \r as\npopulations \r face \r pressure \r to \r align \r with \r a \r particular \r political \r authority \r and \r fall \r under \r its\ncontrol. \r Lakes \r State \r is \r an \r example. \r The \r Government \r has \r conducted \r disarmament \r campaigns\nof \r the \r Opposition \r while \r at \r the \r same \r time \r encouraged, \r localised \r violence \r as \r a \r form \r of\npolitical \r survivalism. \r Despite \r this, \r Lakes \r State \r in \r recent \r months \r has \r erupted \r in \r violence,\ndemonstrating \r the \r pressure \r on \r the \r population \r to \r take \r sides \r and \r also \r which \r has \r linked \r local\nand \r national \r tensions, \r and \r eroded \r citizen-\u00ad\u2010government \r relations \r across \r the \r country. \r .\n\nAs \r the \r resources \r for \r the \r conflict \r focus \r largely \r on \r the \r most \r affected \r States, \r a \r broader \r lens \r is\nrequired. \r The \r emphasis \r is \r on \r the \r humanitarian \r community \r to \r be \r flexible \r enough \r to \r respond\nto \r a \r shifting \r conflict \r but \r also \r active \r in \r reminding \r the \r political \r community \r it \r must \r intervene \r to\nprevent \r conflict \r from \r spreading.\n\n\n**Food \r insecurity \r and \r conflict \r is \r forcing \r people \r to \r move \r in \r search \r of \r safety \r and \r assistance.** A\ndilemma \r is \r created \r when \r the \r population \r seeks \r help \r but \r must \r put \r itself \r in \r harm\u2019s \r way \r to \r do\nso. \r Armed \r actors \r have \r continued \r to \r perpetrate \r an \r armed \r conflict \r through \r the \r deliberate\ntargeting \r of \r the \r civilian \r population \r and \r key \r social \r and \r economic \r networks \r for \r the \r purposes\nof \r social \r control, \r resource \r acquisition, \r collective \r punishment \r and \r ultimately \r the\nmaintenance \r of \r armed \r conflict. \r Civilians \r are \r regularly \r denied \r access \r to \r essential \r services \r and\naccess \r to \r livelihoods. \r Markets \r have \r been \r destroyed \r and/or \r looted \r and \r people \r are \r prone \r to\nphysical \r harassment \r or \r attack \r as \r a \r result \r of \r their \r political \r and/or \r ethnic \r identity. **[11]** Gender\nbased \r and \r sexual \r violence \r whilst \r not \r a \r new \r threat \r to \r people \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r where \r domestic\nviolence, \r abductions \r of \r girls \r and \r forced \r marriages \r existed \r in \r society \r before \r the \r crisis, \r but \r it \r is\nmore \r complex \r during \r armed \r conflict, \r with \r different \r risks, \r threats \r of \r exposure, \r and \r intentions\ninvolved. \r The \r UN \r Special \r Representative \r of \r the \r Secretary-\u00ad\u2010General \r on \r Sexual \r Violence \r in\nConflict \r Ms. \r Zainab \r Hawa \r Bangura \r noted \r violations \r including \r the \r widespread, \r targeted \r and\nbrutal \r rape \r of \r women, \r men \r and \r children \r within \r and \r outside \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r (PoC)\nsites, \r and \r in \r rural \r locations. \r Also \r reported \r were \r increases \r in \r domestic \r rape, \r abductions \r and\nappropriations \r of \r \u201cSPLA \r wives\u201d, \r as \r well \r as \r the \r castration \r of \r boys \r of \r perceived \r \u201cfighting \r age\u201d.\nRisks \r of \r sexual \r violence \r have \r been \r particularly \r evident \r during \r movement \r of \r populations \r in\nsearch \r of \r food, \r goods \r and \r services \r and \r other \r livelihoods \r assets.\n\n\nViolence, \r displacement \r and \r coercion \r in \r conflict \r have \r all \r contributed \r to **create \r a \r broad**\n**spectrum \r of \r vulnerability** and \r exacerbate \r the \r threats \r faced \r by \r key \r population \r groups\nincluding \r children, \r elderly \r persons, \r and \r persons \r with \r disabilities. \r For \r persons \r with \r disabilities\nand \r the \r elderly \r the \r risk \r of \r being \r excluded \r or \r invisible \r within \r emergency \r response \r or\ndeprioritised \r at \r the \r household \r level \r or \r within \r the \r community \r as \r resources \r become \r scarce \r is\nhigh.\n\n\n10 Consultations \r with \r South \r Sudan \r thematic \r and \r context \r experts, \r August \r 2014.\n11 _Massacres, \r Unlawful \r killings \r and \r Pillage,_ Human \r Rights \r Watch, \r August \r 2014.\nhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/08/south-sudan-massacres-unlawful-killings-pillage, \r accessed \r 24\nOctober, \r 2014.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Children \r continue \r to \r be \r vulnerable \r to \r broadened \r threats.** The \r impact \r of \r the \r conflict \r on\nchildren \r has \r been \r grave \r and \r become \r more \r pronounced \r during \r this \r reporting \r period.\nHumanitarian \r agencies \r have \r reported \r that \r thousands \r of \r children \r continue \r to \r be \r forcibly\nrecruited \r into \r the \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010in-\u00ad\u2010Opposition. [12] Others \r have \r been \r forced \r to \r join\ncommunity \r defence \r groups \r and \r been \r used \r routinely \r to \r man \r frontlines. \r Thousands \r have\nbeen \r killed, \r maimed, \r raped, \r and \r forced \r to \r take \r inordinate \r risks \r to \r support \r their \r families. \r Of\nthe \r 1.8 \r million \r people \r displaced \r by \r the \r conflict \r it \r is \r assumed \r that \r 60% \r of \r them \r are \r children\nand \r adolescents. [13]\n\n**Inside \r the \r UNMISS \r POC \r sites \r tensions \r have \r continued \r to \r grow.** Negative \r coping \r strategies\nhave \r become \r increasingly \r apparent \r during \r this \r reporting \r period. \r Individuals \r have \r engaged \r in\nsex \r for \r supplies, \r quick \r sales \r of \r productive \r assets \r and \r been \r forced \r to \r move \r across \r hostile\nfrontlines \r or \r through \r checkpoints \r to \r secure \r access \r to \r protection \r and \r livelihoods \r assets. \r The\nchallenges \r of \r improving \r conditions \r and \r providing \r services \r to \r basic \r standards \r and \r providing\nsecurity \r without \r and \r outside \r PoCs\u2019 \r sites \r remain \r a \r significant \r challenge. \r The \r upcoming \r dry\nseason \r is \r expected \r to \r bring \r new \r levels \r of \r violence \r and \r this \r could \r precipitate \r new \r arrivals \r to\nUNMISS \r PoC \r sites. [14]\n\n**Measures \r to \r promote \r accountability \r and \r national \r dialogue \r have \r taken \r a \r blow** this\nreporting \r period. \r In \r recent \r months \r unlawful \r restrictions \r have \r been \r placed \r on \r the \r media \r and\nincreasing \r moves \r to \r regulate \r civil \r society \r actors \r and \r citizens \r are \r apparent. \r A \r planned,\nrestrictive \r NGO \r Bill, \r could \r potentially \r place \r protection \r related \r activities \r and \r broader\ngovernance \r or \r accountability \r interventions \r in \r contravention \r of \r national \r sovereignty \r and\nthereby \r allow \r punitive \r actions \r to \r be \r taken. \r Worryingly, \r the \r passing \r of \r a \r National \r Security \r Bill\nin \r October \r 2014 \r has \r granted \r the \r security \r forces \r unrestricted \r and \r sweeping \r powers \r of\ndetention. \r It \r can \r now \r make \r arrests \r to \r protect \r state \r interests \r against \r a \r range \r of \r vague\nthreats \r to \r South \r Sudan \r sovereignty. \r This \r delivers \r a \r severe \r blow \r to \r the \r autonomy \r of \r national\norganisations \r who \r seek \r to \r assist \r the \r humanitarian \r response \r but \r also \r to \r engage \r in \r critical\nprotection, \r human \r rights \r and \r accountability \r activities.\n\n**Humanitarian \r actors \r alone \r cannot** address \r the \r significant \r and \r protection \r threats \r faced \r by\nSouth \r Sudan. \r Since \r the \r start \r of \r the \r conflict, \r high \r level \r delegations \r and \r visits \r from \r the \r UN\nSecretary \r General \r (April \r 2014), \r the \r UN \r High \r Commissioner \r for \r Human \r Rights \r (April \r 2014),\nthe \r Special \r Advisor \r on \r the \r Prevention \r of \r Genocide \r (April \r 2014), \r the \r SRSG \r for \r Children \r in\nArmed \r Conflict \r (July \r 2014), \r the \r United \r Nations \r Security \r Council \r (August \r 2014), \r the \r AU\nCommission \r of \r Inquiry \r (August \r 2014) \r are \r welcome \r signals \r of \r the \r commitment \r of \r the\n\n\n\n12 \r Over \r 9000 \r child \r soldiers \r were \r reported \r in \r April \r 2014. \r Despite \r commitments \r made \r to \r the\nSRSG \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r in \r July \r 2014, \r protection \r actors \r and \r other \r humanitarians \r continue\nto \r report \r visible \r mobilisation \r of \r youth. \r See \r http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58007.html,\naccessed \r 24 \r October, \r 2014\n\n13 \r See \r http://www.unicef.org/esaro/Children_in_Sudan_summary_sheet_final.pdf, \r accessed\n24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n14 \r See _OCHA \r Situation \r Reports_, \r January \r to \r October \r 2104, \r at\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/, \r accessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "international \r community \r to \r promote \r accountability \r and \r lasting \r political \r and \r national\nsolutions \r to \r the \r current \r crisis. \r Sustained \r engagement \r from \r both \r the \r donor \r and \r diplomatic\ncommunity \r will \r be \r an \r essential \r precondition \r to \r effective \r humanitarian \r response.\n\n#### **Beyond \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile**\n\nWhile \r much \r violence \r has \r been \r reported \r in \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region, \r the \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\nconnectedness \r of \r this \r conflict \r across \r the \r country \r cannot \r be \r under-\u00ad\u2010estimated. \r The \r ethnic\nframing \r of \r the \r conflict \r is \r having \r a \r significant \r impact \r on \r the \r civilian \r population. \r Groups \r have\nbeen \r galvanised \r in \r their \r loyalties. \r The \r \u2018Nuer\u2019 \r in \r particular \r have \r developed \r a \r pan-\u00ad\u2010identity \r that\nlinks \r back \r to \r historic \r grievances \r for \r the \r group \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r However \r this \r does \r not \r mean\nwe \r can \r assume \r that \r states \r not \r configured \r along \r ethnic \r lines, \r such \r as \r Upper \r Nile \r State, \r are\nimmune \r from \r the \r spread \r of \r conflict. \r Escalating \r violence \r in \r Lakes \r State \r is \r a \r good \r illustration\nof \r the \r point, \r and \r the \r next \r section \r aims \r to \r provide \r a \r more \r detailed \r understanding \r of \r the\nunique \r risks \r of \r the \r current \r conflict \r to \r the \r Greater \r Bahr \r el \r Ghazal \r region \r in \r particular.\n\n\nWhilst \r tempting \r to \r isolate \r events \r in \r Lakes \r State \r to \r a \r simplistic \r issue \r of \r seasonal \r resource\ncompetition \r or \r parochial \r clan \r violence, \r the \r causal \r attributes \r mirror \r those \r at \r a \r national \r level:\na \r crisis \r of \r governance, \r militarisation \r of \r political \r leadership, \r mobilisation \r of \r armed \r groups,\ninstability \r caused \r by \r violent \r cattle \r raiding, \r and \r increased \r sense \r of \r marginalisation \r amongst\nan \r increasingly \r disaffected \r youth \r population \r with \r easy \r access \r to \r arms.\n\n\n**Background \r to \r the \r conflict \r in \r Lakes \r State**\nLakes \r State \r is \r primarily \r comprised \r of \r members \r of \r the \r Dinka \r ethnic \r grouping, \r which \r is \r made\nup \r of \r different \r sections \r and \r clans, \r except \r Wulu \r County, \r which \r is \r predominated \r by \r Jur \r Bel\nand \r Bongo \r people. \r A \r significant \r proportion \r of \r the \r population \r is \r reliant \r on \r cattle \r rearing \r and\nherding \r as \r their \r main \r economic \r activity \r and \r so \r highly \r prone \r to \r cross-\u00ad\u2010state \r and \r internal \r cattle\nraiding. In \r Lakes \r State \r local \r youth \r and \r key \r political \r leaders \r seeking \r advantage \r continue \r to\ndirect \r attacks \r on \r various \r sections \r of \r the \r population \r and \r destabilize \r the \r state.\n\n\nSeasonal \r cattle \r raiding \r in \r Lakes \r State \r can \r relate \r to \r fights \r over \r land, \r access \r to \r water, \r dowry\ncompetition, \r the \r abduction \r of \r children, \r and \r in \r some \r cases, \r revenge \r for \r past \r grievances.\nSuch \r trends \r have \r plagued \r the \r area \r since \r 2005. \r Likewise, \r raids \r into \r and \r from \r Warrap \r State,\nUnity \r State, \r and \r parts \r of \r the \r Equatorias \r also \r take \r place \r over \r contests \r for \r key \r resources. \r Past\ngrievances \r and \r justice-\u00ad\u2010seeking \r behavior \r amongst \r communities \r is \r finding \r new \r expression \r in\nmore \r brutal \r forms \r of \r violence. \r Each \r new \r cycle \r of \r violence \r seems \r to \r aid \r and \r abet \r a \r more\nvicious \r retaliation. \r The \r lack \r of \r state \r accountability \r for \r past \r attacks \r feeds \r retaliatory \r cycles \r as\ncommunities \r take \r matters \r into \r their \r own \r hands \r and \r the \r gulf \r between \r citizens\u2019 \r expectations\nof \r the \r state \r and \r its \r actual \r performance \r widen. \r Despite \r efforts \r to \r improve \r local \r access \r to\njustice \r mechanisms, \r impunity \r for \r violence, \r especially \r homicide, \r rape, \r and \r destruction \r of\ncivilian \r property, \r have \r not \r been \r appropriately \r acknowledged \r or \r addressed \r by \r the \r state\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government \r or \r national \r actors. \r Disarming \r youth \r has \r hitherto \r failed \r and \r led \r to \r more\nviolence. [15]\n\n\nCommunities \r are \r heavily \r armed \r across \r the \r state. \r The \r proliferation \r of \r civilian \r militias \r is \r in\npart \r due \r to \r the \r deliberate \r arming \r of \r selected \r cattle \r camp \r youth \r (Gelweng/Titweng) \r by\ninfluential \r political \r leaders \r (former \r Governors, \r commissioners \r and \r others) \r for \r the \r purposes\nof \r building \r their \r own \r protection \r forces \r and \r creating \r an \r overall \r home \r guard. \r In \r the \r context \r of\npervasive \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence \r across \r the \r state, \r neighboring \r clans \r and \r sections \r have \r in\nturn \r mobilized \r and \r armed \r themselves. \r The \r 5 \r August \r 2014 \r assassination \r of \r Chief \r Apareer\nChut, \r an \r elder \r relative \r of \r the \r Governor, \r sparked \r a \r renewed \r cycle \r of \r violence \r against \r civilians\nfrom \r rival \r Dinka \r clans \r (Gony \r and \r Thyuiic), \r inciting \r sexual \r violence \r and \r attacks \r on \r women \r and\nchildren. \r This \r destabilized \r a \r population \r already \r living \r under \r untenable \r conditions \r of\ninsecurity \r and \r chronic \r humanitarian \r need.\n\n\nA \r bitter \r taste \r lingers \r from \r the \r Governor\u2019s \r January \r 2014 \r decision \r to \r order \r the \r arbitrary\narrests \r and \r illegal \r detention \r of \r over \r 130 \r civilians \r suspected \r of \r armed \r violence \r and \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r fighting. \r Families \r of \r those \r arrested \r were \r also \r detained, \r mistreated \r and \r in \r some\ncase \r there \r are \r reports \r of \r torture \r being \r used \r by \r state \r forces \r against \r women \r and \r the \r elderly. [16]\n\n###### **Internal \r instability \r and \r conflict \r in \r Lakes \r State**\n\nSharing \r a \r border \r with \r five \r other \r States, \r Lakes \r States \r has \r historically \r been \r prone \r to \r violent\ncattle \r raiding \r between \r Dinka \r sub-\u00ad\u2010clans, \r and \r political \r instability. \r During \r the \r Second \r Sudan\narmed \r conflict, \r between \r 1983 \r and \r 2005, \r Lakes \r State \r was \r a \r key \r strategic \r military \r base \r for \r the\nSPLM/A \r and \r became \r highly \r militarised. \r In \r recent \r months, \r inter-\u00ad\u2010 \r and \r intra-\u00ad\u2010 \r Dinka \r clan\nviolence \r has \r spiraled \r out \r of \r control \r in \r the \r form \r of \r revenge \r style \r killings, \r deliberate \r attacks\nagainst \r women \r and \r children \r (including \r widespread \r rape), \r and \r the \r destruction \r and \r looting \r of\ncritical \r community \r livelihoods \r assets. \r An \r open \r conflict \r between \r Governor \r Matur \r Chol \r Dhoul,\nthe \r state \r SPLM \r apparatus, \r and \r citizens, \r has \r also \r led \r to \r a \r spate \r of \r arbitrary \r arrests \r of \r local\nchiefs, \r violent \r repression \r of \r youth \r and \r reprisal \r communal \r attacks. \r Broad \r based \r opposition\nagainst \r the \r Governor \r has \r most \r clearly \r been \r demonstrated \r by \r the \r Lakes \r State \r Legislative\nAssembly \r (SLA) \r requesting \r Presidential \r action \r to \r remove \r the \r Governor.\n\n\n**Impact \r of \r violence \r on \r the \r population \r of \r Lakes**\nThere \r were \r reports \r of \r an \r alarming \r increase \r in \r the \r displacement \r of \r hundreds \r of \r women,\nchildren \r and \r elderly \r across \r Rumbek \r East \r and \r West, \r Yirol \r East \r and \r West, \r and \r some \r parts \r of\nCueibet \r and \r Awerial \r in \r August \r 2014. [17] These \r displaced \r households \r are \r exceptionally\nvulnerable \r as \r they \r have \r been \r dislocated \r from \r local \r protection \r mechanisms, \r essential\nmarkets \r and \r services, \r and \r make \r an \r easy \r target \r for \r armed \r actors \r seeking \r resources, \r as \r many\nhave \r fled \r with \r cattle \r and \r are \r only \r able \r to \r move \r at \r night. \r Women \r and \r children \r are \r at \r high \r risk\nof \r sexual \r violence, \r abduction, \r and \r indiscriminate \r violence, \r and \r have \r been \r forced \r away \r from\nimportant \r grazing \r and \r agricultural \r land, \r weakening \r their \r capacity \r to \r support \r the \r more\n\n\n15 \r See, \r Saferworld \r reports \r on \r civilian \r disarmament \r in \r Lakes \r State \r www.saferworld.org.\nAccessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n16 \r Information \r from \r civil \r society \r and \r other \r actors \r present \r in \r Lakes \r State. \r .\n17 \r Information \r from \r humanitarian \r organisations: \r Protection \r Cluster, \r UNDSS \r and \r UNMISS.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vulnerable \r amongst \r them. \r In \r a \r State \r already \r experiencing \r crisis \r levels \r of \r food \r insecurity \r and\nloss \r of \r cattle \r in \r raids, \r the \r current \r violence \r will \r devastate \r large \r numbers \r of \r people \r currently\noutside \r of \r humanitarian \r assistance.\n\n\nThe \r armed \r conflict \r is \r also \r taking \r its \r own \r toll \r on \r residents \r of \r Lakes \r State \r who \r are \r playing \r host\nto \r thousands \r of \r conflict-\u00ad\u2010displaced \r from \r Jonglei \r State. \r Deserting \r and \r defecting \r forces \r have\nused \r the \r state \r as \r a \r key \r transit \r route, \r raiding \r and \r stealing \r local \r food \r stocks \r on \r the \r way. \r There\nare \r also \r unconfirmed \r reports \r of \r households \r being \r forced \r to \r divest \r themselves \r of \r essential\nresources \r to \r support \r the \r armed \r conflict \r effort, \r including \r cattle \r and \r food. [18]\n\n\nPerceived \r or \r actual \r threats \r from \r the \r SPLM/A \r in \r Opposition \r or \r deserting \r forces \r are \r likely \r to\ncause \r pre-\u00ad\u2010emptive \r displacement \r of \r populations \r as \r was \r recently \r the \r case \r when \r Peter \r Gadet\nmoved \r south \r from \r Unity \r State. \r Such \r threats \r include \r reports \r of \r cattle \r looting \r and \r sexual\nviolence \r as \r deserting \r troops \r and \r the \r SPLA \r move \r through \r different \r parts \r of \r the \r state. \r Lakes\nwill \r remain \r a \r transit \r point \r for \r different \r armed \r groups \r in \r months \r to \r come \r and \r if \r inter-\u00ad\u2010\ncommunal \r violence \r continues \r it \r will \r pose \r new \r risks \r to \r civilians \r caught \r in \r the \r middle.\n\n\n**The \r wider \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan**\nThe \r current \r Governor \r of \r Lakes \r State, \r Governor \r Dhuol, \r was \r appointed \r as \r a \r \u201ccaretaker\u201d \r by\nPresident \r Salva \r Kiir \r in \r January \r 2013, \r replacing \r Chol \r Tong \r Mayay \r who \r is \r from \r a \r rival \r clan \r to\nDhuol \r (and \r was \r later \r arrested \r in \r December \r 2013 \r and \r accused \r of \r instigating \r a \r coup \r with \r Riek\nMachar) \r and \r had \r previously \r failed \r to \r address \r Rumbek\u2019s \r vicious \r conflicts \r between \r Dinka \r Rup\nand \r Kuei \r clans \r that \r raged \r in \r 2012. \r Governor \r Dhuol \r was \r tasked \r with \r bringing \r stability \r but \r his\nleadership \r has \r been \r questioned \r and \r a \r State \r parliamentary \r motion \r sought \r his \r removal \r in\nAugust \r 2014. [19] This \r same \r breakdown \r in \r trust \r continues \r to \r permeate \r communities \r across\nconflict-\u00ad\u2010affected \r areas \r of \r Lakes.\n\n\nThe \r Governor\u2019s \r improper \r dealings \r with \r the \r political \r opposition \r and \r inter-\u00ad\u2010communal \r violence\nhas \r increased \r youth \r violence \r against \r the \r State \r and \r led \r to \r increasingly \r violent \r communal\nattacks. \r The \r Governor \r has \r recently \r attempted \r to \r forcibly \r disarm \r armed \r youth \r from \r certain\nclans \r and \r communities, \r igniting \r tensions \r between \r rival \r communities, \r and \r mobilizing \r youth\nto \r fiercely \r resist \r the \r SPLA \r and \r chiefs \r leading \r the \r process. \r This \r has \r occurred \r against \r a\nbackdrop \r whereby \r youth \r continue \r to \r be \r armed \r and \r mobilized \r by \r the \r Governor \r in \r the \r name\nof \r \u201ccommunity \r security\u201d. \r This \r oscillating \r process \r of \r arming \r and \r then \r disarming \r youth \r groups\nis \r a \r common \r theme \r for \r the \r SPLA, \r who \r flood \r locations \r with \r weapons \r and \r then \r retrieve \r them\nonce \r they \r perceive \r the \r situation \r has \r abated \r or \r spiraled \r out \r of \r control.\n\n\nDisarmament \r campaigns \r have \r a \r negative \r history \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r with \r the \r SPLA \r often \r being\nheavy \r handed, \r violent \r and \r lacking \r discipline \r in \r the \r process. \r In \r Jonglei \r in \r 2013 \r over \r 100,000\npeople \r were \r displaced \r and \r up \r to \r 90% \r of \r some \r villages \r were \r destroyed \r by \r the \r SPLA \r in \r one\nsuch \r exercise. \r The \r situation \r in \r Lakes \r provides \r an \r early \r warning \r of \r how \r political \r vacuums \r and\ntensions \r can \r be \r exploited \r to \r fuel \r tensions, \r and \r potentially \r create \r broader \r instability.\n\n\n18 Reported \r by \r individual \r community \r members \r to \r humanitarian \r partners \r July-\u00ad\u2010August \r 2014.\n19 \r See \r Manyuon, \r P., _Genesis \r of \r Lakes \r Crisis \r in \r South \r Sudan_ (Part \r 2), \r Sudan \r Tribune, \r at\nhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article52660, \r accessed \r October \r 24, \r 2014.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Freedom \r to \r move, \r freedom \r to \r make \r choices**\n\nDuring \r the \r reporting \r period, \r the \r exposure \r of \r the \r civilian \r populations \r to \r violence \r and\nprotection \r threats \r is \r related \r to \r movement, \r including \r the \r targeting \r of \r civilian \r populations _in_\n_situ_ . \r People \r moving \r in \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r and \r increasingly \r other \r locations \r such \r as \r from\nNorthern \r Bahr \r El \r Ghazal \r into \r Darfur, \r search \r for \r food, \r water, \r and \r essential \r services, \r as \r well \r as\nto \r reunite \r with \r families. \r Each \r movement \r carries \r potential \r risk. \r Only \r when \r populations \r are\nable \r to \r move \r safely \r will \r they \r be \r able \r to \r find \r security \r and \r provide \r for \r their \r needs.\n\n\nWhen \r discussing \r the \r limited _freedom_ of \r movement \r in \r South \r Sudan \r this \r does \r not \r mean \r that\nthere \r is \r no \r movement \r of \r affected \r populations. \r The \r current \r situation \r is \r one \r of \r extremes: \r no\nmovement \r by \r some \r populations \r and \r hyper-\u00ad\u2010movement \r of \r others. \r The \r common \r denominator\nis \r a \r lack \r of \r real \r choice \r and \r inability \r to \r move \r free \r of \r harm \r and \r intimidation. \r The \r most \r basic\nprotective \r mechanism \r that \r all \r populations \r require \r is \r freedom \r to \r seek \r safety. \r Displacement\nhas \r historically \r been \r a \r coping \r mechanism \r for \r civilians \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r to \r move \r away \r from \r violence \r or\ntowards \r groups \r that \r they \r believe \r will \r protect \r them. \r The \r recent \r reports \r (July \r and \r August\n2014) \r of \r Nuer \r populations \r arriving \r into \r POC \r areas \r in \r Juba \r from \r other \r locations \r in \r Central\nEquatoria \r State \r indicate \r that \r displacement \r and \r movement \r of \r populations \r away \r from\nperceived \r or \r actual \r conflict \r has \r not \r abated. \r Armed \r groups \r are \r also \r adept \r at \r taking\nadvantage \r of \r people\u2019s \r movement \r to \r poach \r resources \r to \r legitimize \r their \r authority. \r This \r was \r a\ncommon \r tactic \r throughout \r the \r period \r of \r the \r last \r major \r humanitarian \r intervention,\nOperation \r Lifeline \r Sudan \r (OLS).\n\n\nThe \r ability \r of \r populations \r to \r move \r safely \r and \r securely \r around \r the \r country \r is \r critical \r to\npersonal \r security. \r This \r is \r one \r of \r the \r first \r steps \r towards \r individuals \r and \r communities\nobtaining \r durable \r solutions, \r without \r which \r people \r will \r remain \r inside \r PoCs \r or \r continue \r to\nface \r multiple \r rounds \r of \r displacement. \r As \r the \r conflict \r protracts, \r populations \r will \r find \r it\nharder \r to \r seek \r their \r own \r non-\u00ad\u2010militarised \r protective \r mechanisms.\n\n###### **UNMISS \r PoC \r Site \r in \r Bor, \r Jonglei \r State**\n\nNuer \r populations \r inside \r Bor \r PoC \r sites \r have \r virtually \r suspended \r all \r movement \r outside \r of \r the\nPOC \r area, \r particularly \r since \r the \r attack \r on \r the \r Bor \r PoC \r site \r on \r 17 \r April \r 2014 \r by \r armed \r actors.\nPeople \r are \r leaving, \r if \r they \r do, \r for \r the \r purposes \r of \r onwards \r movement, \r which \r is \r creating\nsignificant \r challenges \r for \r the \r viability \r of \r populations \r left \r behind \r who \r are \r unable \r to\nindependently \r retrieve \r resources \r such \r as \r firewood, \r fuel, \r supplementary \r food \r etcetera, \r and\nor \r return \r to \r their \r point \r of \r displacement. \r Male \r IDP\u2019s \r are \r feeling \r increasingly \r trapped \r inside\nthe \r PoC, \r and \r ongoing \r reports \r persist \r that \r they \r require \r a \r \u2018permit\u2019 \r or \r permission \r by \r local\nauthorities \r to \r exit \r the \r PoC. \r Increasingly, \r local \r authorities \r are \r using \r language \r of \r IDP \r versus\nhost \r community \r to \r differentiate \r between \r those \r who \r live \r inside \r the \r PoC \r (IDPs) \r and \r those\noutside \r (host \r community). \r This \r is \r despite \r the \r majority \r of \r IDPs \r from \r within \r the \r POC \r being\nfrom \r the \r greater \r Bor \r town \r area. \r The \r inference \r is \r that \r the \r people \r inside \r the \r PoCs \r are\noutsiders \r and \r taking \r from \r the \r host \r community. \r Creating \r a \r binary \r between \r IDPs \r inside \r the\nPoC \r and \r communities \r outside \r maintains \r feelings \r of \r insecurity \r and \r stirs \r potential \r for\ncommunity \r violence \r against \r the \r POC \r or \r vice-\u00ad\u2010versa.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Onward \r options**\n\nSome \r people \r are \r not \r able \r to \r travel \r to \r their \r destination \r in \r one \r move. \r Juba \r has \r played \r both\nthe \r role \r of \r refuge \r point \r and \r transit \r site \r for \r populations \r attempting \r to \r move \r to \r Uganda \r and\nKenya. \r New \r arrivals \r in \r Juba, \r from \r across \r the \r country \r including \r from \r other \r PoC \r sites, \r are\nreported \r to \r have \r had \r to \r remain \r within \r PoC \r sites \r in \r Juba \r because \r they \r do \r not \r have \r the\nresources \r to \r continue \r onwards.\n\n\nThe \r number \r of \r refugees \r from \r the \r current \r armed \r conflict \r is \r approaching \r half \r a \r million\npeople. \r The \r likelihood \r is \r that \r there \r would \r be \r more \r refugees \r if \r people \r had \r the \r assets \r to\nmove \r onwards. \r Such \r people \r seek \r livelihood \r opportunities \r for \r IDPs \r in \r both \r the \r POC \r sites \r and\nrefugee \r camps \r in \r neighboring \r countries. \r Education \r has \r also \r proven \r a \r significant \r motivator\nfor \r moving \r across \r borders, \r particularly \r after \r educational \r opportunities \r were \r suspended \r in\nGreater \r Upper \r Nile \r due \r to \r conflict \r and \r displacement \r and \r also \r withholding \r of \r civil \r servant\nsalaries \r for \r teachers \r in \r Opposition-\u00ad\u2010held \r areas. \r The \r desire \r for \r education \r has \r left \r children \r at\nrisk \r of \r abuse \r and \r manipulation, \r child \r trafficking \r and \r mobilisation/recruitment \r from \r persons\npromising \r education \r elsewhere. \r Children \r are \r also \r left \r vulnerable \r when \r a \r lack \r of \r resources \r or\ninsecurity \r sees \r families \r separate \r and \r move \r in \r different \r directions.\n\n###### **Violence \r during \r movement**\n\nThe \r POC \r sites \r checkpoints \r outside \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites \r offer \r armed \r groups \r an \r opportunity \r to\nexert \r violence \r and \r harass \r civilian \r populations. \r In \r Unity \r State, \r populations \r moving \r around\nUnity \r State, \r both \r from \r Bentiu \r upwards \r towards \r Sudan \r and \r downwards \r towards \r Leer, \r have\nreportedly \r been \r subjected \r to \r sexual \r violence, \r including \r rape \r leading \r to \r death, \r the \r castration\nof \r young \r boys \r and \r other \r violent \r attacks. \r Armed \r groups \r have \r also \r reportedly \r killed\npopulations \r moving \r northwards \r towards \r Sudan \r during \r the \r reporting \r period.\n\n\nArmed \r groups \r control \r main \r arterial \r roads, \r which \r enables \r them \r to \r establish \r checkpoints\nwhere \r populations \r are \r put \r at \r risk, \r at \r best \r to \r face \r taxation \r of \r assets \r and \r at \r worst, \r violence \r or\ndeath. \r This \r includes \r \u2018contributions\u2019 \r of \r food \r assistance \r to \r armed \r groups. \r Humanitarians \r also\nexperience \r such \r \u2018informal\u2019 \r taxations \r while \r moving \r assistance \r around \r the \r country, \r which\nincreases \r the \r cost \r of \r bringing \r humanitarian \r relief \r to \r people \r around \r the \r country.\n\n\nIn \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile, \r people \r attempting \r to \r move \r between \r hostile \r community \r defense\nforces \r are \r perceived \r as \r outsiders. \r With \r no \r coherent \r picture \r on \r where \r people \r are \r being\ndisplaced \r to \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r as \r populations \r are \r pushed \r deeper \r into \r the \r bush \r and \r further \r out \r of \r the \r country\n-\u00ad\u2010 \r a \r consistent \r and \r coherent \r picture \r of \r the \r violence \r they \r face \r in \r transit \r is \r being \r provided \r by\nmen \r and \r women \r across \r the \r country.\n\n###### **Coerced \r Movement**\n\nAs \r the \r conflict \r continues, \r humanitarians \r are \r becoming \r more \r concerned \r about \r the \r possibility\nof \r coerced \r movements \r of \r IDP \r populations. \r Distributing \r agencies \r are \r cautious \r about \r a \r repeat\nof \r past \r armed \r conflict \r where \r populations \r were \r drawn \r into \r locations \r by \r armed \r groups \r and/or\nsent \r to \r collect \r food. \r Reports \r of \r manipulation \r of \r population \r movements \r are \r of \r concern \r but\ndifficult \r to \r verify. \r The \r situation \r is \r complicated \r when \r community \r leadership \r deliberately\nmisinforms \r IDP \r populations \r and \r external \r sources.\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **Mines \r and \r Other \r Explosive \r Remnants \r of \r War**\n\nThe \r resumption \r of \r conflict \r has \r led \r to \r additional \r contamination \r from \r Explosive \r Remnants \r of\nWar \r (ERW), \r with \r Jonglei, \r Upper \r Nile \r and \r Unity \r States \r being \r the \r worst \r affected. \r In \r addition \r to\nERW \r contamination \r from \r artillery \r rounds, \r mortars, \r rockets, \r grenades, \r etcetera, \r UN \r Mine\nAction \r Service \r (UNMAS) \r also \r confirmed \r the \r use \r of \r cluster \r munitions \r along \r the \r Juba \r \u2013 \r Bor\nroad \r in \r early \r 2014, \r setting \r a \r deadly \r precedent \r in \r the \r conflict. \r The \r recent \r fighting \r has\ncompounded \r the \r legacy \r contamination \r problem \r from \r previous \r conflicts \r and \r increased \r the\nthreat \r from \r explosive \r hazards \r in \r urban \r areas, \r on \r roads, \r at \r airfields, \r and \r in/around \r United\nNations \r facilities \r such \r as \r UNMISS \r bases \r and \r other \r UN \r structures \r in \r State \r capitals. \r In \r this\nregard, \r repeated \r armed \r confrontations \r between \r the \r SPLA \r and \r Opposition \r to \r secure \r key\ninfrastructure \r such \r as \r the \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal \r airfields \r have \r resulted \r in \r the \r need \r for \r surveys\nand \r clearance \r of \r hazardous \r items \r to \r safely \r resume \r aid \r operations.\n\n\nFive \r anti-\u00ad\u2010tanks \r mine \r accidents \r on \r key \r transport \r routes \r in \r Unity \r State \r have \r occurred \r during\nthis \r reporting \r period. \r The \r is \r noteworthy \r as \r it \r has \r had \r a \r direct \r impact \r on \r aid \r operations,\nfreedom \r of \r movement \r for \r communities, \r and \r created \r the \r spectre \r that \r this \r tactic \r could\nbecome \r more \r frequent \r or \r emerge \r in \r other \r areas.\n\n#### **Ongoing \r Risks \r to \r children \r in \r the \r conflict**\n\nAs \r the \r armed \r conflict \r in \r South \r Sudan \r progresses, \r the \r alarm \r is \r raised \r that \r another \r potential\n\u2018lost\u2019 \r generation \r in \r South \r Sudan \r is \r being \r created. \r Deprived \r of \r opportunities \r for \r education,\nIDPs, \r refugees \r in \r neighbouring \r countries, \r recruited \r and \r mobilized \r youth, \r fearing \r risks \r to\npersonal \r safety, \r live \r challenging \r childhoods. \r Often \r separated \r from \r family, \r these \r are \r risks\nthat \r children \r are \r increasingly \r being \r forced \r to \r navigate \r alone. \r Reports \r of \r child \r soldier\nmobilization, \r including \r by \r community \r groups, \r has \r increased, \r with \r reports \r of \r children \r being\nsent \r to \r neighboring \r countries \r by \r powerful \r community \r figures \r to \r receive \r an \r education \r eerily\nechoing \r patterns \r of \r child \r recruitment \r during \r the \r second \r civil \r armed \r conflict, \r where \r armed\nactors \r engaged \r in \r \u2018long \r term \r investment\u2019 \r in \r children \r as \r soldiers.\n\n###### **Violence \r against \r children**\n\nLike \r violence \r against \r women, \r the \r level \r of \r violence \r directed \r towards \r children \r during \r this\nconflict \r warrants \r serious \r concern. \r Armed \r groups \r are \r treating \r children \r as \r legitimate \r targets\nin \r conflict \r but \r also \r legitimate \r military \r forces. \r The \r SRSG \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r Leila\nZerrougui\u2019s \r visit \r to \r South \r Sudan \r in \r July \r 2014 \r emphasized \r deep \r concern \r for \r children \r trapped\nin \r conflict.\n\n###### **Recruitment \r of \r children**\n\nRecruitment \r and \r deployment \r of \r children \r in \r armed \r groups \r and \r police \r services \r continues \r to\nbe \r observed \r throughout \r the \r rainy \r season \r in \r the \r Greater \r Upper \r Nile \r region \r where \r the \r highest\nconcentration \r of \r formal \r armed \r actors \r are \r present \r and \r also \r in \r other \r states \r such \r as \r Lakes. [20]\nThis \r mobilization \r and \r deployment \r continues \r to \r be \r flagrant \r and \r often \r indifferent \r to \r the\n\n\n20 \r See \r http://www.enoughproject.org/blogs/caught-crossfire-child-soldiers-south-sudanhave-few-alternatives,.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "presence \r of \r international \r actors. \r During \r the \r reporting \r period, \r significant \r mobilisation \r was\nreported \r in \r Unity \r and \r Upper \r Nile \r States.\n\n\nWhile \r there \r has \r been \r a \r focus \r on \r the \r mobilisation \r of \r boys \r into \r armed \r actors, \r an \r often \r over-\u00ad\u2010\nlooked \r issue \r is \r the \r mobilisation \r of \r girls. \r Girls \r are \r mobilised \r into \r armed \r groups \r in \r order \r to\nprovide \r sexual \r services, \r domestic \r labour \r and \r other \r functions \r for \r armed \r groups, \r including \r the\nSPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO.\n\n\nIn \r August \r 2014 \r a \r framework \r agreement \r was \r developed \r to \r reduce \r risk \r to \r children \r \u2013 \r a\ncommitment \r by \r the \r GRSS \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010IO \r to \r sign \r an \r action \r plan \r to \r eliminate \r the \r use \r of \r child\nsoldiers. [21] In \r May \r 2014, \r Riek \r Machar \r signed \r a \r commitment \r with \r the \r UN \r Special\nRepresentative \r of \r the \r Secretary-\u00ad\u2010General \r for \r Children \r in \r Armed \r Conflict \r to \r \u2018take \r all \r measures\nto \r prevent \r grave \r violations \r against \r children \r immediately,\u2019 \r i.e. \r the \r use \r of \r children \r by \r armed\nforces \r or \r armed \r groups \r in \r any \r capacity, \r including \r as \r combatants, \r cooks, \r porters,\nmessengers, \r spies \r and \r collaborators. \r He \r also \r acknowledged \r that \r boys \r and \r girls \r might \r be\nrecruited \r for \r sexual \r purposes. \r But \r all \r of \r the \r commitments \r continue \r to \r be \r breached.\n\n###### **Forced \r to \r cross \r borders**\n\nThe \r numbers \r of \r children \r crossing \r the \r border \r into \r neighboring \r countries \r continues, \r as\nchildren \r become \r refugees \r in \r search \r of \r protection \r and \r services. \r Education \r is \r a \r key \r motivator\nfor \r people \r who \r send \r their \r children \r across \r borders. \r Children \r then \r become \r separated \r from\ntheir \r families \r and \r become \r part \r of \r a \r child-\u00ad\u2010headed \r household. \r Reports \r of \r children \r traveling \r to\nEthiopia \r and \r other \r countries \r for \r education \r related \r to \r recruitment \r and \r mobilisation \r have\nbeen \r observed \r in \r the \r May-\u00ad\u2010September \r 2014 \r period.\n\n#### **Protecting \r Civilians**\n\nSince \r the \r May \r 2014 \r protection \r trends \r paper, \r the \r United \r Nations \r Security \r Council \r has\nadopted \r a \r new \r resolution \r on \r the \r mandate \r of \r UNMISS. \r On \r 27 \r May \r 2014, \r resolution \r 2155\nabolished \r UNMISS\u2019s \r capacity-\u00ad\u2010building \r mandate \r for \r government \r and \r security \r actors \r and \r re-\u00ad\u2010\nfocused \r its \r activities \r to \r four \r main \r areas, \r including \r the \r protection \r of \r civilians. \r While \r the\nmandate\u2019s \r language \r has \r changed, \r protection \r actors \r remain \r concerned \r those \r basic \r steps\ntowards \r the \r Protection \r of \r Civilians, \r which \r can \r be \r realised \r by \r UNMISS, \r have \r yet \r to \r be \r taken \r in\na \r consistent \r and \r coherent \r manner.\n\n\nIn \r order \r to \r conduct \r patrolling \r and \r have \r presence, \r UNMISS \r requires \r appropriate \r financial\nresources. \r A \r budget \r is \r required \r for \r troop \r provision \r and \r deployment \r of \r appropriate \r civilian\nresources \r (civil \r affairs \r and \r protection \r personnel \r with \r skills \r for \r civilian \r peace-\u00ad\u2010keeping) \r to\nallow \r tangible \r impacts \r such \r as \r improved \r long-\u00ad\u2010range \r and \r duration-\u00ad\u2010dismounted \r patrols,\nincluding \r foot \r patrols. \r As \r tensions \r rise \r within \r POC \r sites, \r the \r resources \r required \r to \r disperse\n\n\n21 \r See _The \r Paris \r Principles, \r Principles \r and \r Guidelines \r on \r Children \r Associated \r with \r Armed_\n_Forces \r or \r Armed \r Groups_, \r February \r 2007 \r at\nhttp://www.unicef.org/protection/files/Paris_Principles_EN.pdf, \r accessed \r on \r 24 \r October, \r 2014. \r See\nalso https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/press-release/parties-to-conflict-south-sudan-renewcommitment/,.\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "tensions, \r address \r protection \r risks \r and \r address \r rule \r of \r law \r gaps \r is \r stretching \r existing\nresources \r of \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS, \r and \r forcing \r a \r disproportionately \r large \r focus \r on\nPOC \r sites, \r where \r over \r 100,000 \r are \r displaced, \r at \r a \r cost \r of \r supporting \r the \r almost \r 1.3 \r million\npersons \r displaced \r outside \r of \r the \r POC.\n\n###### **Protection \r threats \r around \r the \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites**\n\nActors \r working \r with \r communities \r in \r the \r PoCs \r have \r consistently \r raised \r the \r movement \r of\npopulations \r in \r and \r out \r of \r POC \r areas \r as \r a \r concern. \r As \r noted \r in \r previous \r reports, \r women \r in\nparticular \r are \r more \r likely \r to \r move \r in \r and \r out \r of \r POCs \r to \r supplement \r their \r assets \r inside \r the\nPOCs. \r They \r leave \r to \r grind \r sorghum, \r fetch \r firewood \r and \r water, \r purchase \r tradable \r goods\netcetera. \r Almost \r 70% \r of \r all \r households \r in \r PoCs \r are \r female-\u00ad\u2010headed, \r because \r women \r are\nconsidered \r less \r of \r a \r safety \r risk \r when \r leaving \r the \r POCs \r compared \r to \r men \r this \r is \r a \r large\nnumber \r of \r women \r potentially \r exposed \r to \r violence \r as \r they \r seek \r goods \r outside \r of \r PoCs..\n\n\nThe \r militarization \r of \r towns \r such \r as \r Malakal, \r Bor \r and \r Bentiu \r have \r seen \r a \r significant \r SPLA\nencroachment \r near \r POC \r sites, \r including \r the \r establishment \r of \r checkpoints, \r and \r in \r the \r case \r of\nMalakal, \r a \r market \r outside \r the \r formal \r entrance \r to \r the \r PoC. \r These \r checkpoints \r and \r other\ninfringements \r have \r enabled \r the \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA-\u00ad\u2010IO \r to \r limit \r the \r movement \r of \r civilians \r and\nalso \r pose \r a \r risk \r to \r civilians \r who \r are \r moving \r directly \r in \r and \r out \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas. \r IDP \r women\nreport \r a \r taxation \r system \r has \r been \r imposed \r and \r that \r they \r must \r pay \r to \r bring \r commodities\nback \r into \r the \r POC \r areas \r such \r as \r sorghum, \r brewing \r kits \r to \r make \r alcohol \r to \r trade \r and \r other\nitems. \r Taxation \r systems \r place \r enormous \r strain \r on \r the \r market \r economy \r of \r the \r PoC \r areas \r and\nreduce \r asset \r security \r for \r the \r population. \r The \r emergence \r of \r informal \r control \r and \r localized\neconomies \r based \r on \r exploitation \r is \r a \r clear \r risk \r around \r PoC \r sites. \r As \r witnessed \r in \r other \r PoC\nareas \r and \r large \r population \r centres \r where \r people \r have \r been \r displaced, \r some \r girls \r and\nwomen \r have \r adopted \r survival \r sex \r and \r sex-\u00ad\u2010for-\u00ad\u2010money \r to \r increase \r or \r supplement \r household\nincome \r and \r livelihoods \r security.\n\n\nIDPs \r in \r Bentiu \r POC, \r Malakal \r PoC \r and \r UN \r House \r PoC \r also \r report \r being \r raped \r and \r sexually\nassaulted \r moving \r outside \r the \r PoC \r sites \r to \r collect \r firewood, \r go \r to \r the \r market, \r collect \r water,\netcetera. \r In \r Bentiu, \r women \r are \r reportedly \r walking \r up \r to \r two \r hours \r (approximately \r 10 \r km) \r in\nsearch \r of \r firewood \r to \r use \r or \r sell, \r due \r to \r the \r depletion \r of \r resources \r in \r the \r immediate \r area\nsurrounding \r the \r PoC. \r This \r is \r also \r reported \r in \r areas \r of \r high \r population \r concentration\nincluding \r Minkaman, \r Lakes \r State, \r where \r women \r have \r to \r move \r up \r to \r three \r kilometers \r to\nretrieve \r firewood.\n\n\nIn \r Juba, \r the \r challenges \r of \r service \r provision, \r including \r access \r to \r medical \r care \r inside \r PoC\nareas, \r have \r caused \r tensions. \r Questions \r have \r been \r raised \r as \r to \r whether \r IDPs \r should \r and \r can\nmove \r to \r Juba \r Teaching \r Hospital \r (JTH) \r for \r medical \r care. \r JTH \r is \r the \r main \r hospital \r in \r Juba. \r The\nnature \r of \r injuries \r and \r injured \r persons \r transported \r to \r Juba \r has \r meant \r that \r their \r cases \r are\nsensitive \r and \r the \r patient \r is \r at-\u00ad\u2010risk. \r This \r includes \r male \r Nuers \r who \r have \r not \r been \r able \r to\nreceive \r medical \r treatment \r in \r locations \r such \r as \r Bor \r due \r to \r risks \r for \r their \r safety. \r It \r has \r also\nincluded \r children \r who \r have \r gunshot \r wounds \r and \r other \r injuries. \r Family \r members \r who \r want\nto \r visit \r such \r patients \r in \r hospitals \r accompany \r the \r person \r to \r the \r hospital \r and \r also \r escort\nbodies \r for \r burial \r in \r fear \r of \r travel \r to \r and \r from \r JTH. \r This \r is \r in \r a \r large \r part \r because \r of \r reports \r of\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violence \r against \r Nuer \r and \r other \r groups \r inside \r JTH \r and \r also \r being \r an \r exposed \r Nuer \r in \r a\nheavily \r populated \r area \r of \r Juba. [22]\n\n\nHumanitarian \r efforts \r to \r reduce \r risk \r are \r encouraged \r but \r not \r simplistic \r solutions. \r Addressing \r a\nproblem \r such \r as \r firewood \r collection \r does \r not \r solve \r the \r problem \r of \r sexualized \r violence.\nWomen \r leaving \r the \r PoC \r areas \r provide \r a \r context \r or \r location \r for \r rape, \r but \r are \r not \r the \r cause.\nThe \r current \r crisis \r has \r created \r opportunities \r for \r rape \r and \r become \r characterised \r by \r escalated\nlevels \r of \r sexual \r violence \r and \r the \r deliberate \r targeting \r of \r women \r moving \r freely. \r Therefore,\nintegrated \r patrolling \r by \r UNMISS, \r as \r well \r as \r and \r civilian patrolling \r in \r the \r Bentiu \r area,\nincluding \r the \r monitoring \r of \r hospitals \r and \r other \r civilian \r sites \r by \r UNMISS \r and \r humanitarians,\nrepresent \r a \r welcome \r effort \r to \r mitigate \r against \r risks \r for \r civilians. \r Patrols \r at \r high-\u00ad\u2010risk \r times\nfor \r women, \r for \r example \r dusk, \r must \r be \r scaled \r up \r to \r include \r foot, \r static \r and \r night \r patrols,\nand \r also \r longer \r duration \r patrolling.\n\n###### **Protection \r threats \r inside \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites**\n\nThe \r influx \r of \r IDPs \r into \r the \r PoC \r areas \r has \r created \r significant \r challenges \r for \r UNMISS \r and\nhumanitarian \r actors \r providing \r safe \r and \r secure \r assistance. \r The \r populations \r inside \r the \r PoC\nareas \r have \r risen \r rather \r than \r decreased \r since \r the \r May \r 2014. \r While \r Bor \r PoC \r has \r decreased \r in\nsize, \r Bentiu \r and \r UN \r House \r continue \r to \r grow \r with \r new \r arrivals. \r Civilians \r living \r within \r PoC\nareas \r under \r basic \r SPHERE \r standards \r are \r under \r pressure. [23] They \r live \r in \r flooded \r PoC \r areas\nsuch \r as \r Bentiu \r and \r Malakal, \r with \r stagnating \r market \r economies \r and \r repeated \r exposure \r to\nviolence, \r which \r has \r led \r to \r what \r is \r termed \r as \r \u2018maladaptive \r coping \r mechanisms.\u2019 \r Issues \r such\nas \r the \r lack \r of \r consistent \r lighting \r inside \r the \r PoCs \r and \r lack \r of \r space \r have \r combined \r to \r increase\ntensions \r between \r households \r and \r enable \r opportunistic \r attacks \r on \r people \r such \r as \r sexual\nviolence \r and \r theft. \r Such \r behavior \r has \r repercussions \r within \r the \r PoC \r and \r requires \r a \r complex\nresponse. \r Sexual \r violence \r and \r escalating \r tensions \r within \r youth \r groups \r and \r youth \r gangs \r in\nparticular \r threatening \r the \r larger \r IDP \r and \r humanitarian \r community \r in \r PoCs \r and \r are \r two\nmajor \r issues \r of \r concern.\n\n\nSexual \r violence \r inside \r the \r PoC \r areas \r is \r also \r an \r ongoing \r and \r escalating \r issue. \r There \r is \r no \r safe\nspace \r for \r women \r and \r girls \r who \r risk \r sexual \r violence \r outside \r the \r PoC \r areas _and_ inside \r them \r at\nthe \r hands \r of \r their \r own \r community. \r Reports \r of \r survival \r sex \r in \r the \r PoCs \r are \r steadily \r increasing\nand \r also \r people \r using \r sex \r to \r earn \r an \r income \r to \r supplement \r their \r assistance \r packages. \r In\nMalakal \r the \r toxic \r fusion \r of \r rape \r and \r sex \r for \r assets \r is \r leading \r to \r an \r increase \r in \r pregnancies\nand \r self-\u00ad\u2010induced \r abortions \r with \r fetuses \r disposed \r in \r public \r places \r already \r documented. [24] In\nearly \r September \r 2014, \r four \r women \r were \r admitted \r to \r hospital \r due \r to \r the \r infections/sepsis\ncontracted \r during \r self-\u00ad\u2010abortion. \r Women \r with \r already \r large \r families \r are \r also \r having\nabortions \r as \r are \r women \r facing \r socio-\u00ad\u2010cultural \r pressures \r (in \r traditional \r Nuer \r culture \r an\nunmarried \r girl/women \r is \r expected \r to \r marry \r her \r rapist).\n\n\n22 \r Reports \r from \r protection \r and \r health \r partners \r and \r South \r Sudan \r media \r during \r the \r reporting\nperiod.\n\n23 \r CCCM, _Bentiu \r Protection \r of \r Civilians \r Site: \r Call \r for \r Urgent \r Measures_, \r 8 \r August \r 2014.\n24 \r IASC \r Global \r GenCap \r follow-\u00ad\u2010up \r on \r gender \r gaps \r in \r Malakal, \r South \r Sudan, \r 8-\u00ad\u201011 \r August. \r 2014.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r longer \r the \r conflict \r continues \r the \r higher \r the \r likelihood \r that \r women \r and \r girls \r will \r trade\nsex \r to \r raise \r an \r income. \r This \r however \r depends \r on \r the \r continued \r ability \r and \r willingness \r of\nmen \r to \r pay \r for \r sex. \r Household \r structures \r are \r changing \r due \r to \r the \r conflict \r leaving \r more\nwidows, \r elderly \r women \r increasingly \r heading \r families \r and \r women \r running \r the \r household\nwhile \r husbands \r are \r in \r the \r frontlines.\n\n\nWomen \r are \r increasingly \r taking \r on \r tasks \r that \r were \r previously \r handled \r by \r men \r and \r in \r the\nabsence \r of \r a \r stable \r means \r of \r livelihood \r take \r on \r these \r maladaptive \r coping \r mechanisms.\nWomen \r must \r also \r overcompensate \r where \r men \r are \r addicted \r to \r alcohol \r and \r drugs \r and \r they\nare \r left \r the \r sole \r breadwinner \r of \r the \r family.\n\n\nAlcohol \r brewing \r and \r selling \r has \r been \r reported \r amongst \r women \r seeking \r a \r livelihood\nalternative, \r though \r any \r real \r understanding \r of \r consumption \r levels \r and \r quality \r is \r unknown\nbecause \r alcohol \r formally \r contraband \r in \r all \r PoC \r sites \r though \r it \r remains \r unregulated. \r In \r some\nlocations \r it \r is \r thought \r that \r women \r can \r make \r up \r to \r 300 \r South \r Sudanese \r Pounds \r (SSP) \r from\nthe \r sale \r of \r home-\u00ad\u2010brewed \r alcohol \r in \r return \r for \r an \r investment \r of \r just \r five \r SSP. [25]\n\n\nAs \r long \r as \r people \r continue \r to \r be \r unable \r to \r resume \r their \r traditional \r livelihoods, \r alcohol\nbrewing \r and \r sales \r and \r sex-\u00ad\u2010for-\u00ad\u2010assets \r will \r continue \r to \r be \r seen \r by \r many \r as \r viable \r livelihood\nopportunities \r to \r supplement \r their \r minimum \r assistance \r packages \r and \r enable \r people \r to\ndevelop \r an \r onward \r movement \r strategy.\n\n\nYouth \r groups \r pose \r a \r protection \r threat \r to \r women \r living \r in \r the \r POCs \r but \r also \r face \r their \r own\nrisks. \r Young \r men, \r often \r suffocated \r by \r their \r environment \r and \r feeling \r trapped \r inside \r PoCs\nwhere \r they \r must \r stay \r because \r they \r risk \r being \r killed \r or \r recruited \r outside, \r are \r increasingly\ndestabilising \r the \r POC \r areas \r out \r of \r frustration. \r The \r result \r is \r a \r radicalised \r generation \r fixed \r in\ntheir \r anti-\u00ad\u2010Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r positions \r in \r Bentiu, \r Juba \r and \r Bor \r in \r particular.\n\n\nIn \r August \r and \r September \r 2014, \r the \r POC \r sites \r in \r Bentiu, \r Juba \r and \r Bor \r witnessed \r an \r increase\nof \r youth \r hostility \r towards \r humanitarians \r and \r UNMISS \r over \r the \r lack \r of \r labour \r opportunities.\nTheir \r frustrations \r saw \r them \r randomly \r demand \r the \r expulsion \r of \r all \r national \r staff \r not\nbelonging \r to \r the \r ethnic \r group \r of \r the \r majority \r IDPs, \r all \r in \r a \r bid \r to \r assert \r some \r form \r control\nover \r their \r captive \r situation. \r Youth \r speak \r a \r political \r narrative \r of \r oppression \r and \r accuse \r the\nhumanitarian \r community \r of \r being \r in \r alliance \r with \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan. \r This \r has\nled \r to \r incidents \r of \r violence \r against \r humanitarians \r in \r UNMISS \r Tong \r Ping \r (in \r Juba) \r and \r led \r to\nan \r increasingly \r precarious \r relationship \r between \r humanitarians \r and \r the \r IDPs \r as \r the \r conflict\nbecomes \r protracted.\n\n\nAs \r the \r crisis \r continues, \r new \r arrivals \r into \r POC \r areas \r represent \r an \r increasingly \r difficult\nchallenge \r in \r a \r community \r with \r an \r already \r fragile \r community \r structure \r at \r best. \r The \r POC \r sites\noften \r mirror \r the \r wider \r conflict, \r with \r escalations \r and \r decreases \r in \r tensions \r in \r the \r POC\nreflecting \r the \r ebb \r and \r flow \r of \r the \r conflict \r outside.\n\n\nThree \r of \r the \r five \r largest \r POC \r sites \r currently \r host \r mixed \r ethnic \r populations \r and \r all \r host\ndifferent \r sub-\u00ad\u2010clans \r of \r ethnic \r groups. \r IDPs \r have \r been \r witnessed \r on \r occasion \r attacking \r new\n\n\n25 \r As \r of \r September \r 2014.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "arrivals \r or \r turning \r on \r perceived \r \u2018enemies \r within\u2019. \r The \r outflow \r of \r Nuer \r from \r Malakal \r POC \r in\nAugust \r 2014 \r was \r attributed \r to \r the \r Nuer \r IDP\u2019s \r concerns \r that \r if \r Malakal \r town \r was \r attacked,\nDInka \r and \r Shilluk \r IDPs \r in \r turn \r would \r attack \r them.\n\n\nPractices \r and \r policies \r relating \r to \r rule \r of \r law \r and \r detention \r continue \r to \r create \r challenges \r for\nactors \r inside \r the \r PoC \r due \r to \r the \r limited \r rule \r of \r law \r capacity. \r Concerns \r for \r due \r process\nincrease \r as \r actors \r struggle \r to \r deal \r with \r escalating \r tensions \r but \r diligence \r is \r required \r for\nappropriate \r case \r management. \r This \r means \r not \r using \r detention \r as \r recourse \r when \r dealing\nwith \r \u2018trouble \r makers\u2019 \r including \r children \r in \r conflict \r with \r the \r law. \r There \r are \r significant\nconcerns \r about \r the \r viability \r of \r the \r Informal \r Dispute \r Resolution \r Mechanisms \r (IDRM)\nmembers \r and \r community \r leaders \r (inside \r the \r UNMISS \r PoCs) \r who \r are \r entrusted \r with \r handling\npetty \r civil \r cases. \r Issues \r have \r been \r raised \r over \r the \r use \r of \r punishments \r that \r are \r not \r legal\nunder \r South \r Sudanese \r law \r such \r as \r caning \r for \r rape \r survivors \r and \r communities \r attempting \r to\nexpel \r people \r from \r the \r POC. [26]\n\n\nIn \r addition \r to \r new \r IDP \r arrivals, \r SPLA \r and \r SPLA/IO \r defectors \r have \r also \r presented \r at \r POC \r sites.\nThe \r assumption \r is \r that \r persons \r who \r present \r as \r civilians \r have \r left \r an \r armed \r group. \r This\ncreates \r tensions \r within \r POC \r sites \r but \r also \r poses \r a \r dilemma: \r should \r persons \r be \r seeking\ntemporary \r refuge \r and \r assistance \r inside \r POCs \r with \r the \r intention \r of \r rejoining \r armed \r groups\nwhen \r the \r opportunity \r arises? \r Bearing \r in \r mind \r that \r any \r actual \r or \r perceived \r militarization \r of\nthe \r POC \r areas \r puts \r at \r risk \r the \r safety \r and \r security \r of \r the \r PoC \r sites. [27] The \r Bentiu \r PoC \r site \r has\nalready \r been \r accused \r of \r hosting \r SPLA \r IO \r and \r the \r situation \r has \r grown \r further \r complicated\nwith \r politically \r motivated \r allegations \r of \r weapons \r being \r found/brought \r in \r the \r camps. \r This\nparallel \r narrative \r -\u00ad\u2010 \r of \r victims \r in \r PoC \r areas \r requiring \r liberation \r from \r within \r -\u00ad\u2010is \r a \r significant\ncause \r for \r concern.\n\n\nWith \r the \r likelihood \r of \r POC \r sites \r continuing \r to \r support \r tens \r of \r thousands \r of \r people \r into\n2015, \r the \r imminent \r dry \r season \r provides \r limited \r time \r to \r make \r the \r necessary \r preparations \r to\nimprove \r conditions \r inside \r the \r POC \r during \r the \r dry \r season. \r Programmes \r must \r be \r adjusted \r to\naddress \r emerging \r tensions \r and \r risks \r as \r well \r as \r contingency \r planning \r for \r potential \r influx \r of\npeople.\n\n#### **Shrinking \r space \r for \r citizens \r and \r civil \r society**\n\nWhile \r recognising \r the \r diversity \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r civil \r society \r and \r the \r myriad \r of \r challenges\nbeing \r faced, \r this \r section \r focuses \r on \r two \r components \r of \r South \r Sudanese \r civil \r society:\norganisations that contribute to accountability and organisations implementing\nhumanitarian \r programming. \r The \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r has \r attempted \r to \r use\nregulations \r to \r restrict \r the \r activities \r of \r both \r groups, \r in \r the \r form \r of \r legislation, \r but \r also \r uses\n\n\n26 \r Raised \r by \r partners \r during \r UNMISS \r Protection \r and \r Security \r meetings \r in \r UNMISS \r PoC \r sites.\n27 \r See: \r UN \r Envoy \r Speaks \r Out \r On \r Allegations \r Heaped \r On \r UNMISS, \r 3 \r April \r 2014 \r at\nhttps://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmiss.unmissions.org%2F\nPortals%2Funmiss%2FMMR%2FApril%2F4%2520April-2014%2520%2520Afternoon%2520Media%2520Monitoring%2520Report.docx, \r accessed \r October \r 24, \r 2014.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "harassment, \r intimidation \r and \r violence, \r which \r forces \r an \r increase \r in \r pressure \r from \r the\nOpposition. \r With \r the \r effective \r out-\u00ad\u2010sourcing \r of \r accountability \r to \r IGAD \r and \r the \r AU\nCommission \r of \r Enquiries \r the \r spotlight \r is \r on \r the \r treatment \r and \r involvement \r of \r South \r Sudan\ncivil \r society \r who \r must \r be \r given \r an \r opportunity \r to \r engage \r in \r the \r essential \r processes \r in \r South\nSudan \r with \r parity \r to \r the \r other \r more \r dominant \r stakeholders \r to \r the \r conflict, \r for \r example \r the\narmed \r actors.\n\n###### **NGO \r Bill**\n\nIn \r June \r 2014, \r the \r draft \r NGO \r Bill \r in \r South \r Sudan \r re-\u00ad\u2010emerged \r for \r a \r vote \r in \r the \r national\nassembly \r in \r Juba. \r South \r Sudan \r lacks \r a \r regulatory \r bill \r for \r operations \r of \r NGOs. \r While \r there\nhave \r been \r previous \r drafts \r since \r independence \r none \r of \r these \r have \r been \r passed. \r Though\nthere \r have \r been \r some \r positive \r re-\u00ad\u2010adjustments \r since \r previous \r incarnations, \r the \r nature \r of \r the\nNGO \r Bill \r creates \r concern \r on \r several \r fronts. \r National \r NGOs \r are \r likely \r to \r be \r the \r largest\ncasualty \r of \r any \r attempt \r to \r excessively \r regulate \r organisations.\n\n\nThe \r Bill \r itself \r has \r failed \r to \r be \r given \r appropriate \r parliamentary \r process. \r Questions \r on \r the\nlegitimacy \r and \r legality \r of \r the \r legislation \r must \r be \r sustained \r to \r ensure \r that \r local \r organisations\nare \r not \r compromised \r because \r of \r a \r desire \r to \r see \r the \r Government \r continue \r to \r \u2018function\u2019.\nWhile \r important \r to \r regulate \r the \r activities \r of \r NGOs \r in \r South \r Sudan, \r excessive \r restriction, \r or\nenabling \r loopholes, \r will \r cripple \r an \r aid \r effort \r depending \r upon \r local \r actors, \r and \r fundamentally\nhinder \r any \r accountability \r and \r recovery \r from \r this \r conflict.\n\n\nNotwithstanding \r questions \r about \r government \r capacity \r to \r implement \r the \r bill \r there \r are \r a\nnumber \r of \r key \r concerns. \r First, \r the \r bill \r sets \r out \r permissible \r activities \r for \r NGOs. \r The \r concern\ncentres \r around \r the \r explicit \r nature \r of \r the \r primacy \r of \r state \r sovereignty \r as \r defined \r by \r the\nGovernment \r itself. \r This \r risks \r linking \r activities \r relating \r to \r human \r rights \r and \r protection, \r which\nmay \r be \r critical \r of \r state \r and \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r actors \r as \r activities \r that \r \u201ccompromise\u201d \r South \r Sudan's\nsovereignty. \r A \r broad \r reading \r could \r potentially \r restrict \r all \r protection \r activities \r and \r poses\nquestions \r as \r to \r whether \r humanitarian \r actors \r can \r negotiate \r with \r non-\u00ad\u2010state \r armed \r actors \r or\neven \r civilian \r authorities \r such \r as \r the \r Relief, \r Rehabilitation \r Agency \r in \r areas \r where \r they \r are \r in\neffective \r control. \r Or \r is \r this \r a \r challenge \r to \r national \r sovereignty?\n\n\nSecondly, \r the \r NGO \r bill \r proposes \r the \r establishment \r of \r an \r NGO \r Board \r with \r membership\ndrawn \r mostly \r from \r the \r government \r with \r seats \r for \r representatives \r from \r the \r Ministry \r of\nInterior \r and \r National \r Security \r Service. \r This \r body \r would \r be \r responsible \r for \r vetting \r and\napproving \r everything \r from \r NGO \r projects \r to \r work \r permits \r and \r would \r reserve \r the \r right \r of\nblocking \r NGO \r activities. \r This \r could \r include \r humanitarian \r work. \r The \r bill \r would \r also \r subject\nNGO \r activities \r and \r humanitarian \r assistance \r to \r oversight \r by \r both \r political \r and \r security \r actors.\nIn \r the \r case \r that \r the \r government \r declares \r a \r state \r of \r emergency \r security \r actors \r play \r too\nprominent \r a \r role \r at \r present \r in \r the \r political \r decision-\u00ad\u2010making \r process. \r Thirdly, \r the \r bill \r confers\nsignificant \r risk \r on \r individual \r aid \r workers. \r The \r application \r of \r extremely \r high \r punitive \r fines \r for\nbreaches \r to \r the \r bill \r whether \r committed \r by \r them \r or \r someone \r else \r in \r their \r organization \r is\nunjust.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The \r fact \r that \r NGO \r Bill \r has \r been \r under \r discussion \r since \r 2009 \r as \r is \r still \r unresolved \r is \r in \r itself \r a\npoint \r of \r concern \r and \r reflects \r the \r state \r of \r inertia \r that \r NGOs \r are \r facing, \r as \r well \r as \r failure \r to\nprovide \r a \r space \r in \r which \r they \r can \r work \r free \r from \r arbitrary \r harassment \r and \r regulation.\n\n###### **Controlling \r public \r debate**\n\nNGOs \r and \r other \r civil \r society \r actors \r such \r as \r the \r media \r are \r being \r drawn \r into \r the \r conflict \r in\nthe \r same \r manner \r as \r community \r groups \r and \r increasingly \r facing \r pressure \r from \r the \r GRSS \r and\nSouth \r Sudan \r National \r Security \r Services \r to \r fall \r in \r line \r with \r the \r Government \r objectives. \r A\nsignificant \r concern \r is \r that \r any \r regulation \r on \r civil \r society \r is \r another \r move \r by \r the \r Government\nof \r South \r Sudan \r to \r control \r the \r public \r debate \r on \r the \r current \r conflict. \r The \r Government \r forces\nhave \r already \r had \r a \r punitive \r reaction \r to \r public \r unrest \r related \r to \r the \r conflict \r and/or \r other\nforms \r of \r public \r protest, \r such \r as \r those \r in \r Lakes \r and \r Western \r Bahr \r El \r Ghazal. \r The \r use \r of\narmed \r and \r administrative \r response \r to \r perceived \r dissent \r and \r opposition \r is \r squeezing \r the\nspace \r for \r public \r discourse \r around \r the \r current \r conflict \r and \r placing \r pressure \r on \r non-\u00ad\u2010armed\nactors \r who \r have \r a \r stake \r in \r a \r peaceful \r resolution \r to \r the \r conflict.\n\n\nNational \r intelligence \r services \r are \r accused \r of \r being \r behind \r the \r ongoing \r exodus \r of \r human\nrights \r actors \r from \r South \r Sudan. \r Amnesty \r International \r and \r Human \r Rights \r Watch \r have\nidentified \r the \r same \r group \r as \r being \r responsible \r for \r the \r targeting \r of \r newspapers \r for \r closure. [28]\nAlmajhar \r Alsayasy, \r the \r Citizen \r and \r Juba \r Monitor \r have \r all \r had \r challenges. \r The \r former \r was\nordered \r to \r close \r in \r March \r 2014, \r with \r the \r Juba \r Monitor \r having \r issues \r confiscated \r more \r than\nonce \r each \r month \r since \r the \r conflict \r started, \r including \r on \r 2 \r July \r 2014. \r Bans \r on \r the \r discussion\nof \r issues \r such \r as \r federalism \r or \r the \r reporting \r of \r interviews \r with \r opposition \r leaders \r have \r been\nreported, \r including \r on \r 27 \r June \r 2014 \r when \r the \r Citizen \r was \r told \r it \r no \r longer \r could \r run \r articles\non \r federalism. [29] These \r are \r all \r illustrative \r of \r attempts \r to \r control \r the \r public \r debate \r on \r political\nand \r security \r issues.\n\n###### **Closing \r operating \r spaces**\n\nNational \r NGOs \r and \r staff \r members \r continue \r to \r report \r challenges \r in \r operating \r across \r lines.\nThey \r report \r harassment \r by \r the \r military \r and \r administrative \r functions \r of \r both \r the \r SPLA \r and\nSPLA/IO. \r Mirroring \r the \r challenges \r faced \r by \r national \r staff \r of \r INGO \r they \r cite \r the \r threat \r of\narrest \r and \r the \r confiscation \r of \r materials \r including \r phone \r technology, \r for \r example \r in \r Panyijar\nCounty \r in \r September \r 2014 \r by \r the \r Opposition. \r In \r July \r alone \r OCHA \r reported \r 64 \r access \r issues\nalone \r by \r all \r parties, \r and \r INGO\u2019s \r report \r increased \r intimidation \r and \r potential \r forced\nrecruitment \r of \r national \r staff \r by \r IO. [30]\n\n\n28 _The \r Price \r of \r Silence_, \r Amnesty \r International \r and \r Human \r Rights \r Watch, \r August \r 2014. \r See\nhttps://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/South%20Sudan%20Freedom%20of%20Ex\npression%20Briefing%20Document%2C%20Human%20Rights%20Watch%20-\u00ad\u2010\n%20Amnesty%20International%20August%202014.pdf\n29 \r Messich, \r A., _The \r Role \r of \r Media \r in \r the \r South \r Sudanese \r Context_, \r Sudan \r Tribune, \r at\nhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article50506, \r accessed \r 24 \r October \r 2014.\n\n30 \r For \r Further \r information \r on \r access \r issues, \r please \r contact \r UN \r OCHA \r Access \r Unit \r and \r South\nSudan \r NGO \r Forum.\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Conclusion**\n\nDespite \r framework \r commitments, \r such \r as \r the \r Cessation \r of \r Hostilities, \r and \r the \r provisions \r of\ninternational \r human \r rights \r and \r humanitarian \r law, \r violence \r continues \r in \r South \r Sudan. \r After\nAfter \r ten \r months \r there \r is \r little \r optimism \r that \r fighting \r will \r halt \r in \r the \r immediate \r future.\nWhile \r there \r is \r concern \r that \r the \r dry \r season \r will \r result \r in \r an \r escalation \r of \r conflict \r between\narmed \r groups \r seeking \r to \r gain \r military \r advantage \r as \r heavier \r machinery \r can \r move \r more\neasily, \r the \r movement \r of \r people \r who \r may \r have \r been \r trapped \r by \r the \r floods \r will \r hopefully\ngive \r profile \r to \r a \r conflict \r that \r remains \r largely \r invisible \r to \r the \r international \r eye. \r The \r violence\nwill \r ebb \r and \r flow \r in \r conflict \r areas \r as \r armed \r groups \r re-\u00ad\u2010negotiate \r space, \r but \r the \r dry \r season \r is\nexpected \r to \r be \r very \r violent, \r and \r that \r violence \r is \r likely \r to \r spread \r and \r escalate \r rather \r than \r be\ncontained \r within \r the \r one \r geographical \r area. \r Incidents \r of \r confrontations \r between \r different\narmed \r actors, \r proliferation \r of \r armed \r groups, \r and \r the \r emergence \r and \r escalation \r of\nperipheral \r conflicts \r are \r all \r evidence \r leading \r to \r this \r prediction.\n\n\nProtection \r actors \r in \r South \r Sudan \r are \r concerned \r that \r without \r a \r significant \r shift \r in \r the \r conflict\nparadigm, \r including \r a \r real \r and \r tangible \r commitment \r by \r all \r parties \r to \r the \r conflict \r to \r stop\ntargeting \r civilians \r and \r allow \r free \r and \r safe \r movement \r to \r seek \r safety, \r livelihoods \r and\nassistance, \r the \r end \r of \r 2014 \r and \r 2015 \r will \r see \r an \r extension \r current \r patterns \r of \r displacement\nand \r violence.\n\n\nThe \r situation \r in \r Lakes \r State \r and \r threats \r in \r Warrap \r and \r Northern \r Bahr \r El-\u00ad\u2010Ghazal \r indicate \r a\nconflict \r that \r is \r expanding. \r The \r temptation \r of \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan \r may \r be \r to\nengage \r in \r disarmament \r campaigns \r to \r reduce \r an \r escalation \r of \r violence. \r In \r a \r context \r of\ninsecurity, \r resource \r scarcity \r and \r competition, \r all \r in \r a \r broader \r conflict, \r disarmaments \r can\nexacerbate \r community \r vulnerabilities \r as \r evidenced \r by \r past \r experiences \r of \r such \r processes \r in\nLakes \r State \r and \r elsewhere \r in \r the \r country. [31] Increased \r engagement \r with \r non-\u00ad\u2010humanitarian\nactors \r in \r these \r States \r is \r a \r matter \r of \r urgency \r and \r our \r broader \r contextual \r understanding \r of\nthe \r situation \r in \r South \r Sudan \r must \r not \r be \r defined \r only \r by \r our \r current \r operational \r capacity \r to\nrespond. \r Armed \r measures \r by \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan, \r such \r as \r forced \r disarmament,\nare \r likely \r to \r significantly \r undermine \r community \r safety \r and \r security, \r therefore \r different\nstrategies \r for \r engaging \r with \r insecure \r communities \r should \r be \r broached.\n\n\nThe \r end \r of \r the \r rainy \r season \r is \r likely \r to \r bring \r about \r a \r much-\u00ad\u2010anticipated \r movement \r of\npopulations \r across \r national \r borders \r and \r out \r of \r and \r into \r PoC \r sites \r as \r well \r as \r across \r large\nareas \r in \r search \r of \r food \r and \r assistance. \r Protection \r and \r displacement \r monitoring \r systems \r as\nwell \r as \r shared \r early \r warning \r systems \r are \r essential \r to \r understanding \r the \r ebbs \r and \r flows \r of \r a\nconflict \r influenced \r increasingly \r by \r food \r insecurity \r and \r inter \r communal \r dynamics. \r This \r will\nensure \r that \r everyone \r is \r programming \r to \r support \r safe \r and \r secure \r decision \r making \r by\naffected \r populations.\n\n\nThe \r dry \r season \r also \r potentially \r allows \r for \r greater \r access \r for \r the \r humanitarian \r community.\nThe \r Humanitarian \r Programme \r Cycle \r 2015 \r offers \r a \r chance \r to \r place \r a \r heavier \r focus \r on\nactivities \r that \r strengthen \r livelihoods, \r including \r for \r those \r inside \r the \r POC. \r It \r will \r also \r place\n\n\n31 \r See, \r Saferworld \r reports \r on \r civilian \r disarmament \r in \r Lakes \r State \r www.saferworld.org\n\n\n22\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "greater \r emphasis \r on \r at-\u00ad\u2010risk \r youth, \r women, \r girls \r and \r the \r elderly, \r strengthening \r their \r coping\noptions \r as \r they \r strive \r to \r living \r within \r conflict.\n\n\nWhile \r offering \r many \r opportunities, \r the \r dry \r season \r will \r bring \r challenges. \r For \r UNMISS,\ndeploying \r troops \r around \r the \r country \r to \r engage \r in \r long \r range \r dismounted \r patrolling \r for\nexample \r between \r Bentiu, \r Mayom \r and \r Guit \r will \r be \r key \r to \r the \r protection \r of \r many \r civilians\nand \r enable \r greater \r freedom \r of \r movement \r for \r affected \r populations. \r Contingency \r planning\nfor \r a \r greater \r influx \r is \r a \r critical \r step \r for \r all \r actors \r working \r in \r POCs \r and \r will \r ensure \r that \r people\ncan \r continue \r to \r come \r to \r UNMISS \r bases \r and \r find \r safety. \r Strengthening \r security \r in \r the \r direct\nvicinity \r of \r the \r POCs \r is \r a \r task \r that \r UNMISS \r continues \r to \r have \r to \r work \r on \r as \r people \r encounter\narmed \r groups \r immediately \r outside \r POC \r sites \r while \r they \r move \r in \r and \r out \r of \r the \r PoCs \r in\nsearch \r of \r food \r and \r other \r assistance.\n\n\nThe \r coming \r months \r will \r be \r an \r increasing \r challenge \r for \r national \r partners. \r The \r NGO \r Bill \r and\nNational \r Security \r Service \r Bill \r are \r serious \r signals \r of \r intent \r by \r the \r Government \r of \r South \r Sudan\nto \r regulate \r what \r it \r perceives \r to \r be \r political \r opposition. \r Linked \r to \r instability, \r civil \r society \r has\na \r strong \r role \r to \r play \r to \r de-\u00ad\u2010escalate \r tensions \r and \r reduce \r violence \r as \r well \r as \r provide\nassistance, \r but \r threats \r to \r national \r civil \r society \r through \r the \r NGO \r Bill \r and \r the \r implementation\nof \r the \r Media \r Bill \r represent \r significant \r blows \r to \r accountability \r and \r political \r dialogue \r in \r South\nSudan. \r As \r the \r Government \r becomes \r more \r isolated, \r dissent \r is \r increasingly \r likely \r to \r be \r met \r by\nviolence.\n\n\nBased \r on \r the \r previous \r 10-\u00ad\u2010month\u2019s \r reporting, \r the \r trend \r for \r violence \r appears \r protracted.\nHumanitarian \r actors \r will \r continue \r to \r try \r and \r mitigate \r against \r the \r worst \r consequences \r of \r this\nconflict, \r but \r ultimately \r only \r an \r end \r to \r violence \r and \r a \r comprehensive \r peace \r agreement \r will\nalleviate \r any \r suffering \r or \r offer \r a \r chance \r for \r durable \r solutions \r and \r peace \r in \r South \r Sudan.\n\n\n23\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eef107ae-6bd1-38ae-8a61-348d06faaa68/protection_trends_paper_no_3_may-sep_2014.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_894/raw/doc_894_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_894/raw/doc_894_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73433fe98864f207a9f97a4baccad1bb6d9951a3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_894/raw/doc_894_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,518 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **PROTECTION TRENDS** **SOUTH SUDAN**\n## **January - March 2016** **_South Sudan Protection Cluster_**\n\n### May 2016\n\n\n\nProtection Cluster\nSouth Sudan\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION OVERVIEW**\n\nThis report is the seventh in a series of Protection Trends\npapers prepared by the South Sudan Protection Cluster in\nclose collaboration with the three sub-clusters and other protection actors. [1] After providing an overview of the protection\nsituation, the paper discusses trends on issues reported and\nobserved in the first quarter of 2016 (1 January through 31\nMarch), including forced displacement and population movements, threats against children, gender-based violence, and\nlandmines and explosive remnants of war. The paper also\nexamines certain trends since the crisis started in December\n2013, depending on the availability of data.\n\n\nDespite the signing of the Agreement on the Resolution of the\nConflict in the Republic of South Sudan in August 2015, the\nreporting period was marked by little improvement in the protection environment. Further insecurity was experienced in areas\nthat had not been previously affected by conflict, such as Western Equatoria and Western Bahr el Gazal, in addition to new\noutbreaks of violence in Jonglei and Malakal.\n\n\nThe conflict continued to affect civilians, with reports of civilians\nbeing targeted, killed, and injured in conflict-related violence, in\naddition to ongoing issues regarding gender-based violence. [2 ]\n\nEven though large-scale clashes between Government and\nopposition forces have declined, low-intensity violence such as\nextrajudicial killings, and raids have become more prevalent. [3 ]\n\nThis has led to challenges in understanding the scope of\nhuman rights violations and protection threats, particularly\ngiven access challenges to the areas most affected. In Wau,\nfor instance, humanitarians and protection actors have\nreceived reports of atrocities but thus far have been unable to\nverify these due to insecurity and access constraints.\n\n\nAt the same time, violence broke out at the Malakal Protection\nof Civilians (POC) site during 17-18 February. This incident\nsaw the killing of IDPs, the large-scale destruction of homes\nand assets, as well as general violence against civilians; roughly a third of the site was destroyed. [4] The Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army (SPLA) reportedly attacked and subsequently\nbreached the perimeter of the POC site, in violation of international humanitarian law and the Status of Forces Agreement.\nOngoing investigations are looking into these events. [5] Freedom of movement for civilians to nearby Wau Shilluk continued\nto be denied, resulting in families being separated.\n\n\nAs noted, throughout this quarter it became clear that civilians\nhave been targeted resulting in forced displacement. This has\nbeen most notable in southern and central Unity, where human\nrights investigations reported signs of forced displacement of\ncivilian populations [6] and attempts to prevent the return of\n\n\n\ncivilians perceived to support the opposition. [7] These patterns\nhave continued into the first quarter of 2016.\n\n\nIn addition to the violence that continues in the Greater Upper\nNile region, humanitarians are witnessing an increasing\nnumber of clashes in areas that previously had been calm. At\nthe end of 2015, growing tensions in Western Equatoria led to\noutbreaks of violence in Mundri and Yambio, causing an\nestimated 75,000 people to flee their homes in search of\nsafety. [8]\n\n\nBy early 2016, violence also erupted in Western Bahr el\nGhazal, with humanitarians receiving reports of clashes\nbetween SPLA troops and a local militia in Wau County in\nJanuary. [9] Efforts by humanitarian partners to reach these populations throughout the first quarter of 2016 have failed due to\naccess constraints. In Pibor town in February, rising tensions\nled to approximately 2,000 civilians seeking refuge in the\nUNMISS base. Humanitarian facilities were also heavily looted\nand destroyed during this incident, and on 26 February humanitarians were evacuated from the town.\n\n\nIn the two years since the start of the civil war, however, the\noccurrence and impact of cattle-raiding have not been\nprioritized by the humanitarian and international community\ndue to the severity and scale of fighting, violations, and abuses\nrelated to the conflict. Nevertheless, as the macro-level clashes decline, cattle raids are starting to re-emerge as a threat to\nthe civilian population. In March alone, an estimated 65 people\nwere killed in cattle raids in Lakes State, and 600 head of cattle\nwere stolen in a single incident. [10 ] Raids also have been reported in northern Jonglei County, with violence and displacement\nat times spilling over the border into Upper Nile. [11 ]\n\n\nAs people begin leaving the POC sites and returning home, the\nfrequency and intensity of cattle raids may increase. Many\npeople in the POC sites have reported that upon returning\nhome, they will attempt to \u201creclaim\u201d their cattle that has been\ntaken. [12 ]\n\n\nStill, the return of opposition leader and First Vice-President\ndesignate Dr. Riek Machar and the subsequent formation of\nthe Transitional Government of National Unity in April 2016 [13 ]\n\nprovide a potentially positive backdrop for the country\u2019s\nprospects for stability in the months to come. However, it is\nimportant that the humanitarian and international community\ncontinue to monitor the protection situation in the coming\nmonths, in order to ensure that the environment does indeed\nbegin to stabilize for communities across South Sudan.\n\n\n\n1See the papers published in 2014 and 2015 at: www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/south-sudan/protection. The sub-clusters are Child Protection, Gender-based Violence\n(GBV), and Mine Action.\n2OHCHR, \u201cReport of Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Assessment Mission to Improve Human Rights, Accountability, Reconciliation and Capacity in\nSouth Sudan\u201d, 10 March 2016.\n3UNMISS/OHCHR, \u201cThe State of Human Rights in South Sudan\u201d, December 2015.\n4South Sudan Protection Cluster, \u201cProtection Situation Update: Violence in the Malakal POC Site\u201d, 17-18 February,\u201d March 2016. See:\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/south-sudan/document/protection-situation-update-violence-malakal-poc-site-17-18-february; Centre for Civilians in Conflict,\n\u201cA Refuge in Flames. The February 17-18 Violence in Malakal POC\u201d, April 2016.\n5See: http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sga1652.doc.htm.\n6UNMISS/OHCHR Report, \u201cThe State of Human Rights in South Sudan,\u201d December 2015, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/SS/UNMISS_HRD4December2015.pdf.\n7Human Rights Watch, \u201cThey Burned It All\u201d, July 2015, https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/07/22/they-burned-it-all/destruction-villages-killings-and-sexual-violence-unity-state.\nSouth Sudan Protection Cluster, \u201cProtection Situation Update: Southern and Central Unity State\u201d, September 2015. See:\nhttps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/south-sudan/document/protection-situation-update-southern-and-central-unity-south-sudan.\n8South Sudan Humanitarian Project, \u201cYambio Situation Report\u201d, February 2016.\n9UNHCR, \u201cWau Situation Report: Protection Fact Sheet, Western Bahr el Ghazal\u201d, 31 March 2016; South Sudan Humanitarian Project, \u201cWau Situation Update\u201d, March 2016.\n10See: http://radio-miraya.org/national/boy-kidnapped-600-head-of-cattle-raided-in-amongpiny.\n11See: http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/18940/Herds-of-Cattle-Raided-In-Twic-East.aspx.\n12Protection Cluster interviews in Bentiu POC Site, March 2016.\n13Dr. Riek Machar returned to Juba on 26 April, and the Transitional Government of National Unity was officially formed on 28 April 2016.\n\n\n\n_1_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.740180253982544, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Wau", - "confidence": 0.5727542638778687, - "start": 278, - "end": 279 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "human\nrights investigations", - "confidence": 0.9435469508171082, - "start": 463, - "end": 466 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "southern and central Unity", - "confidence": 0.8666971325874329, - "start": 457, - "end": 461 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilian populations", - "confidence": 0.6438277363777161, - "start": 472, - "end": 474 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FORCED DISPLACEMENT AND POPULATION MOVEMENTS**\n\n\n\nFighting and food insecurity exacerbated by the deteriorating\neconomic situation continued to cause internal displacement and\nrefugee outflows during the first three months of 2016. As has been\nthe case since the start of the conflict in December 2013, the vast\nmajority of displaced persons live outside the six UN Protection of\nCivilian (POC) sites. As of 31 March 2016, approximately 1.69 million\nwere living outside of the POCs compared to 188,184 inside these\nareas \u2013 thus around 11 per cent of the total estimated IDP population\nwere living within the POCs. Many of these persons have stayed\nclose to their homes where they can check on crops and assets,\nfleeing only when there is an imminent threat.\n\nWhile conflict on a large-scale between the SPLA and SPLA/IO\nforces has subsided, fighting between these groups continued on a\nsmaller-scale in certain parts of the country, namely Western Bahr el\nGhazal and Unity. Inter-communal fighting also continued to cause\ninternal displacement, including an estimated 19,000 persons in\nJonglei.\n\n\nDespite progress on the political front, population outflows to\nneighbouring countries continued. From January to March 2016,\nmore than 100,000 South Sudanese sought safety in all neighbouring countries, with the majority fleeing to Sudan and Uganda. For the\n\n\n\nStill, Sudan experienced the highest such growth during the reporting\nperiod, with approximately 48,000 persons arriving during the reporting\nperiod. [1 ] Since the conflict began, the overall number of South Sudanese\nrefugees has grown from 130,917 to 704,109. [2] While refugee outflows\ncontinue, there are reports of small-scale spontaneous returns taking\nplace, which is likely to gain momentum if the political situation continues\nto make progress. Spontaneous movements of IDPs and refugee returnees were reported in previous Trends papers, but such movements now\nappear to be on the increase. This includes IDPs leaving on their own from\nPOC sites such as Bentiu, Bor, and Juba. For instance, some 10,000 IDPs\nreportedly left the Bentiu POC site for areas where the security situation\nhas improved; humanitarians also have supported the voluntary relocation\nof about 200 IDPs from the Bor POC site to Jonglei. Also during the reporting period, the Government provided transport for approximately 1,400\nIDPs, mostly women and children, from Juba to Upper Nile.\n\nIn December 2015, UNFPA and REACH completed intentions surveys of\neach of the POC sites. These have helped to identify possible areas for\nreturn, and humanitarians are now working to scale up services in those\nlocations. While it is likely that an increase in service availability will assist\nreturns in some areas, an overwhelming majority of people in the POC\nsites cited security as the primary issue preventing their return. This\nsignals that the presence of services alone is unlikely to enable people to\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1UNHCR, \u201cPopulation Movements from South Sudan Update\u201d, May 2016.\n2All refugee data from UNHCR South Sudan Situation Information Sharing Portal, available at http://data.unhcr.org/SouthSudan/regional.php.\nIDP data: OCHA South Sudan website, http://www.unocha.org/south-sudan.\n\n\n\n_2_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys of\neach of the POC sites", - "confidence": 0.7351023554801941, - "start": 450, - "end": 457 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7850263118743896, - "start": 549, - "end": 550 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8180946111679077, - "start": 537, - "end": 539 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6420074701309204, - "start": 543, - "end": 544 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**FORCED DISPLACEMENT AND POPULATION MOVEMENTS**\n\n\n\nOngoing fighting and resulting displacement continued to cause family\nseparation. At the end of March 2016, 12,260 children across South Sudan\nhad been registered as unaccompanied, separated or missing, an increase\nof 4,369 since the same time last year.\n\n\nFollowing a significant increase in the rate of reunifications in 2015, these\nare now observed to be steadying to an average of approximately 25 per\nweek. Of registered unaccompanied and separated children, 43 per cent\n(3,909 children) have been reunified with their parents or usual caregivers,\n3.5 times the rate from the same time last year. Nonetheless, as can be\nseen from the infographic below, new cases of family separation continue to\nbe identified throughout the country, contributing to a growing total caseload\nof unaccompanied and separated children.\n\n\nDuring the first quarter of 2016, the registration rate has slowed to roughly\n50 per cent of that recorded during the second half of 2015. This is believed\nto indicate decreased incidence of population movement, increased\nstability in the populations living in Protection of Civilians sites (52.7% of\nactive cases), and, potentially, increased awareness among families and\ncommunities about prevention of separation.\n\n\nConsistently, the total and active Family Tracing and Reunification (FTR)\ncaseload figures demonstrate the high numbers of unaccompanied and\nseparated children in the Greater Upper Nile region, and indicate high\nconcentrations in Juba (Central Equatoria) and Mingkaman IDP settlement\n(Lakes). While there has been limited indication during the quarter of\nunaccompanied and separated children returns, either domestic or\ncross-border, the FTR Working Group remains alert to the possibility of\nlarge-scale population movement and possible releases of children associ\n\n\nated with armed forces and groups as factors likely to impact FTR\noperations and numbers. The impending onset of the rainy season, with its\nimplications for travel and access, is prompting action from protection\npartners to finalize as many outstanding reunifications as possible in the\ncoming weeks.\n\n\nProtection partners also continue to be worried about the projected 16,000\nchildren who are believed to be associated with armed forces or armed\ngroups, though the partners are encouraged by the planned release of\nchildren from the SPLA-IO.\n\n\nAs a result of the severity of the violence and displacement in South Sudan,\nthe trauma and psychosocial support needs are acute across all segments\nof the population. While the total psychological impact is currently unknown,\nit is estimated that more than 907,000 children are experiencing some form\nof psychosocial distress, up from 876,000 at the end of the third quarter in\n2015. In addition to the trauma experienced by both IDPs and host communities, displacement makes it difficult to process the events naturally.\n\n\nSince 2015, protection partners have transitioned to a community-based\nstrategy for psychosocial support, which focuses on building the psychosocial response capacity of traditional caregivers, complemented by direct\npsychosocial support for the most complex cases. In the first quarter of\n2016, 51,707 children received psychosocial support, the largest group\nbeing adolescent boys 11-17 years old. In addition, 256 mothers and 102\nfathers received training on parental support and protection skills. While\n6,258 caregivers received dedicated supportive services as well, there is a\nhuge gap in psychosocial support for the adult population of South Sudan.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Family Tracing and Reunification database.\n\n\n\n_3_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "total and active Family Tracing and Reunification", - "confidence": 0.640770673751831, - "start": 237, - "end": 244 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FTR", - "confidence": 0.7680452466011047, - "start": 245, - "end": 246 - }, - "author": { - "text": "FTR Working Group", - "confidence": 0.895915687084198, - "start": 305, - "end": 308 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greater Upper Nile region", - "confidence": 0.8790642023086548, - "start": 260, - "end": 264 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.541944146156311, - "start": 185, - "end": 186 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "unaccompanied and separated children", - "confidence": 0.9006752967834473, - "start": 155, - "end": 159 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family Tracing and Reunification database", - "confidence": 0.9992326498031616, - "start": 621, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.996393620967865, - "start": 616, - "end": 618 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "adult population", - "confidence": 0.9619576334953308, - "start": 613, - "end": 615 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GRAVE VIOLATIONS OF CHILDREN\u2019S RIGHTS**\n\n\nDuring the first quarter of 2016, 240 incidents of grave violations of\nchildren\u2019s rights were reported through the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM), affecting approximately 5,004 children. The\nUN verified 185 incidents of these incidents. Fewer incidents were\ndocumented during this reporting period than in the previous\nquarter, when 258 incidents were reported. The majority of verified\nincidents (70%) have continued to take place in the Greater Upper\nNile \u2014 Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile. Military activity also\nincreased in Western Bahr el Ghazal, where almost as many\nverified incidents (18) were documented during this reporting period\nas in all of 2015 (17 cases total).\n\nDenial of humanitarian access accounted for 33 per cent of all\nincidents documented during the reporting period through the MRM.\nIncidents included attacks on and looting of humanitarian facilities\nthat were providing child protection services to communities in the\nGreater Pibor Administrative Area, as well as attacks on the UN\nProtection of Civilians site in Malakal, during which schools and\nhospitals were also attacked.\n\nIncidents of recruitment and use of children by armed forces and\narmed groups were the second most reported accounting for 29 per\ncent of all incidents reported. Sixty-one incidents were documented\nduring the reporting period, slightly higher than the average quarterly incidents documented in 2015, which was 50. Of the 61 incidents,\n46 were documented in the Greater Upper Nile region.\n\nAt the end of 2015, the UN signed an action plan with the SPLA-IO\n\n\n\nto stop and prevent the recruitment and use of children and killing and\nmaiming of children. The SPLA signed an action plan with the UN to stop\nand prevent the recruitment and use of children in 2009. It signed a revised\naction plan in 2012 and made a recommitment to its revised action plan in\n2014. Both the SPLA and the SPLA-IO are listed for recruitment and use of\nchildren and killing and maiming of children in the Secretary-General\u2019s\n2015 report on children and armed conflict.\n\nIn 2015, 1,054 incidents of grave violations were documented through the\nMRM, an increase of 28.2 per cent from 2014, when 756 incidents were\ndocumented. Incidents of all six types of grave violations, with the exception of maiming, increased in 2015; indeed, incidents of killing more than\ndoubled, and incidents of rape and other forms of sexual violence\nincreased by 41 per cent. In both years, the majority of such violations have\nbeen documented in the Greater Upper Nile. The increase in documented\nviolations in 2015 are mostly attributable to the prolonged fighting in Unity,\nwhich targeted and displaced civilians from villages throughout the state\ninto the UNMISS Protection of Civilians site in Bentiu. Witnesses and\nsurvivors of attacks on villages recounted incidents of killing, maiming,\nraping, and abduction of children. According to multiple testimonies,\nchildren were not only victims of the attacks but also perpetrators as child\nsoldiers.\n\nFinally, incidents of attacks on and military use of schools have been recorded throughout South Sudan, particularly in Unity and Central Equatoria.\nSince the start of the conflict, schools have been used as barracks, living\nquarters for soldiers and their families, and even as recruitment centres for\nchildren.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism.\n\n\n\n_4_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism", - "confidence": 0.9910691976547241, - "start": 32, - "end": 36 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "MRM", - "confidence": 0.6269658207893372, - "start": 37, - "end": 38 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UN", - "confidence": 0.5547968745231628, - "start": 48, - "end": 49 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greater Upper\nNile", - "confidence": 0.7927444577217102, - "start": 92, - "end": 95 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5776830911636353, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MRM", - "confidence": 0.9689457416534424, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greater Pibor Administrative Area", - "confidence": 0.881325364112854, - "start": 180, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8806532621383667, - "start": 254, - "end": 255 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6544220447540283, - "start": 254, - "end": 255 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n\nSince the beginning of the crisis, gender-based violence (GBV) has\nbeen a major protection concern in South Sudan. In 2015, 1,647\nsurvivors received support from GBV actors using the Gender Based\nViolence Information Management System (GBVIMS). [1] In the first\nquarter of 2016 girls and women were disproportionally affected by\nGBV incidents (96% of survivors of such incidents are female), a\ntrend that has been stable since the beginning of 2015.\n\nIncidents of GBV significantly affected children, with 21 per cent of\nsurvivors reporting such an incident in January-February 2016 being\nunderage. Children are often survivors of child sexual abuse (10% of\nincidents reported) and early marriage (4%).\n\nFrom January to March 2016, the most common reported incident is\nphysical abuse, mostly perpetrated by the intimate partner (48% of\ncases). Again, this percentage has remained stable since the\nbeginning of 2015. Domestic violence is both a characteristic of the\nhumanitarian crisis and a persistent feature of daily life across South\nSudan. It is a deeply rooted problem that has a severe impact on the\nsurvivor\u2019s health and well-being, as well as on opportunities for\nincome generation.\n\nSimilar to what was observed in 2015, one in four GBV incidents\nduring the first quarter of this year was related to sexual violence.\nConflict-related sexual violence remains a concern, with 10 per cent\nof such incidents allegedly perpetrated by individuals associated with\narmed forces or armed groups. Survivors of rape also reported being\nattacked by gang members or unknown persons while collecting\n\n\n\nfirewood or accessing water and sanitation facilities.\n\nApproximately four per cent of the reported incidents are cases of forced\nmarriage, nonetheless key GBV and child-protection actors confirmed\nthat child marriage continued to affect girls\u2019 health and well-being.\nUnder-reporting is related to cultural acceptance of child marriage and to\nlimited options for girls who refuse to get married.\n\nFifteen survivors were involved in incidents of possible sexual exploitation, underscoring how displacement and extremely poor economic\nconditions may push vulnerable individuals into harmful coping mechanisms, including survival sex.\n\nIndeed, under-reporting more broadly remains a major trend. Cultural\nacceptance of violence, fear of stigma, and the persistent difficulties in\naccessing justice prevent survivors from speaking out and gaining\nsupport.\n\nEfforts need to be strengthened to ensure access to specialized, holistic\nservices for GBV survivors including health, psychosocial and legal\nsupport services. Efforts also must be strengthened to mitigate the risk\nof violence in and beyond displacement settings. Access to livelihoods\nand self-reliance opportunities must be ensured for individuals at risk of\nGBV and for survivors of GBV, particularly as a strategy for reducing and\npreventing future such incidents.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1The GBVIMS was rolled out in South Sudan in 2014. It currently includes 15 member organizations. GBVIMS data that is shared is only from reported cases in areas where the\ndata-gathering organizations are providing services, and is in no way representative of the total incidence or prevalence of GBV in South Sudan. These statistical trends are generated\nexclusively by GBV service providers who use the GBVIMS for data collection in the implementation of GBV response activities in a limited number of locations across South Sudan and with the consent of survivors. _5_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender Based\nViolence Information Management System", - "confidence": 0.9989091157913208, - "start": 42, - "end": 48 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.8566445708274841, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9946311712265015, - "start": 25, - "end": 27 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8073744773864746, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.8643577694892883, - "start": 29, - "end": 30 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.8564902544021606, - "start": 34, - "end": 35 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported incidents", - "confidence": 0.5535931587219238, - "start": 312, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS", - "confidence": 0.9817456007003784, - "start": 503, - "end": 504 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9952762126922607, - "start": 508, - "end": 510 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.8942943215370178, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "survivors", - "confidence": 0.7929930686950684, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**LANDMINES AND EXPLOSIVE REMNANTS OF WAR**\n\n\n\nThe explosive legacy of conflict in South Sudan means that nearly\neight million people live in counties which are impacted by landmines\nand explosive remnants of war, with 94 million square metres of land\ncontaminated by explosive hazards recorded in the mine action\ndatabase. During the reporting period, mine action teams were\ndeployed across the country and conducted surveys, clearance,\nand/or risk education to support protection of civilian activities, create\nconditions for the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and support\nhuman rights monitoring and reporting.\n\nThe map below illustrates the spread of known explosive hazards\nacross all of South Sudan. The full extent of contamination remains\nunknown, as the Greater Upper Nile region (including Unity, Upper\nNile, and Jonglei) has not yet been comprehensively surveyed and\nthe impact of armed violence in the region remains to be quantified.\n\nDuring the last three quarters of 2015, a significant number of new\nhazardous areas were found than cleared and closed. Comparing\n2016 with 2015, UNMAS recorded 699 new explosive hazards,\ncompared to 533 new hazards in the first quarter of 2015, highlighting\nthat the incremental increase is caused by more than seasonal\nfactors.\n\nThe increase in the number of hazards known to UNMAS has multiple\ndeterminants:\n\n1: Ongoing conflict has increased the proliferation of explosive\n\n\n\nhazards. There is currently no evidence relating to the laying of new\nminefields; rather, the majority of contamination resulting from the\ncurrent conflict is unexploded ordnance (UXO) such as grenades and\nmortars. Still, the threat posed by UXO is significant: While an anti-personnel mine is designed to kill or maim one person, a single UXO has a\ngreater blast radius. During this quarter, 30 people were killed and\nmaimed, including 10 children, yet only two of those people were\ninjured by landmines and the remainder by UXO. An analysis of\naccident information shows a link to young boys engaged in the\nscrap-metal trade, prompting specific messaging to be incorporated\ninto risk education sessions.\n\n2: In 2015, risk education teams were embedded in all UNMAS\nclearance teams and were able to use their information sessions to\nengage communities and encourage the reporting of explosive\nhazards. With clearance teams in close proximity, communities can see\nthat information they provide leads to the immediate reduction of\nhazards \u2013 recognition that has improved community reporting.\n\n3: Increased population movement results in new hazards being found\nand reported. It is anticipated that this upward trend will continue into\nthe next quarter, during which UNMAS is planning to keep as many of\nits teams operational as is feasible during the wet season.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSource: Information Management System of Mine Action (IMSMA).\n\n- MRE: Mine Risk Education, UXO: Unexploded Ordnance.\n\n\n\n_6_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mine action\ndatabase", - "confidence": 0.9971319437026978, - "start": 52, - "end": 55 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9611675143241882, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.899679958820343, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6195475459098816, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNMAS", - "confidence": 0.9349502921104431, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9602816700935364, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9769420027732849, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "accident information", - "confidence": 0.9963064193725586, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6916124820709229, - "start": 379, - "end": 380 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79dc5370-ce6c-3e92-8302-3d8b5b991c44/protection_trends_paper_no_7_jan-mar_2016_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_895/raw/doc_895_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_895/raw/doc_895_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 161508cbd76defb73d68db747a428fcbff795a7c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_895/raw/doc_895_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,381 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the past year, large numbers of persons are\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAt present (end April 2017) the estimated\n\n\n\n19 FOA has described that the dependency of the market economy and impact of attacks on the main supply roads from Uganda has severely impacted on the food security in the Northern Bahr el-Ghazal region.\n\n20 UNHCR spokesman statement to Anadolu Agency in Ethiopia, 6 April 2017.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of these locations. [24] During the fi rst few months of 2017, UNHCR\nprotection staff in the POC have noticed continued movements\nout but the number of people recorded as leaving Juba POC\nsites has been diffi cult to record. There has been consistent\nmovement out of the Malakal POC to Sudan monitored by IOM\nand DRC. [25] The Wau POC and other IDP sites in town have had\nan increase of over 17,000 IDPs in April after increased confl ict\nin surrounding areas and targeted killings in town (reported in\nmore detail below). The population in the Melut POC has reduced\nto about 300 plus people as IDPs have been fi nding their own\nmeans to depart. Efforts to relocate the remaining have been put\non hold with the increasing confl ict in the areas the remaining\npopulation has requested to potentially relocate. The same is\nfor the Bor POC as confl ict in eastern Jongei has also stopped\npotential movement of many in the POC. These locations remain\nwith signifi cant humanitarian needs and protection concerns.\n\n\n**SIGNIFICANT FORCED DISPLACEMENT AREAS ARE**\n**DESCRIBED BELOW:**\n\n\n**Equatoria region** - The estimated number of IDPs in the region\nhas increased with well over 450,000 (Western Equatoria\n120,000, Central Equatoria 200,000 [by community assessments,\nit is estimated there are well over 100,000 IDPs in Juba. This\nincludes the people in POC sites, informal settlement sites\nand IDPs who have settled elsewhere in the city and suburbs],\nEastern Equatoria 150,000). [26]\n\nMore people in the region have been internally displaced but a\ngreater number fl ee to Uganda from the region so the IDP estimate\nremains about the same as previously reported in the last Trends\nreport. All the Equatoria region except for the far Eastern part\nnear the border with Kenya have been more or less occupied by\ngovernment forces, looting and destruction of all resources and\nwith retaliation by \u201cIO\u201d forces particularly and unidentifi ed armed\ngroups, along main roads.\n\n\nAs of March 2017, UNMISS estimates that 75 per cent of the\n**Eastern Equatoria** population is displaced. All that remains are\nlooted shops, empty schools, miles of burned and abandoned\ntukuls and SPLA military occupation of most villages. The\ndestruction is similar to what has been reported in the Yei area. [27 ]\n\nAccording to refugees now in Uganda attacks perpetrated mainly\nby the SPLA, is the overwhelming reason given for insecurity\nand the reasons people have fl ed. Government representatives\nand the SPLA continue to describe criminal \u201crebel\u201d groups as the\nmain cause of fear causing people to fl ee, similar to what was\ndescribed in the last Trends report in Kajo Keji and since August\npreviously reported about Yei. [28]\n\n\nSince the last Trends report the increase in confl ict has moved\nfurther eastward. \u201cIndigenous Equatorians\u201d, in Nimule, mainly the\nMadi and Acholi people, are accused of supporting the \u201crebels\u201d\nin this area. Civilians alleged that the SPLA and unknown armed\ngroups committed violations of looting, destruction of civilian\nproperty, rape and killing causing mass displacement. [29]\n\n\nFighting which began on 3 April in Pajok, a border town of up\nto 50,000 people, caused mass displacement from the town to\nUganda and the surrounding bush area, with reports of serious\n\n\n\nhuman rights violations against civilians, including killings, looting\nand burning of property and detention. Over 6,000 people were\nrecorded to have entered Uganda in less than 48 hours. While\nnumbers of those crossing to Uganda have slowed to date, over\n1,000 people crossing each day in this area.\n\n\nUNMISS has increased its patrols to **Yei and in surrounding**\n**areas** and UNICEF and OCHA have also established a\npermanent presence there. However despite additional presence\nand monitoring, grave human rights violations have not stopped,\nwith more reports of looting, killings, rapes and abductions of\ncivilians by government soldiers in and outside of the town. In\naddition to people being subjected to physical violence, the major\nprotection issues remain related to lack of freedom of movement,\nability to plant and the widespread criminality in Yei town.\nFood scarcity, continued infl ation and proliferation of arms are\ncontributing factors to the further deterioration of the rule of law.\nThe presence of the national security service that was thought\nto improve security in Yei as lootings, killings, rapes, break-ins\nof houses and offi ces, robberies and shooting from organized\ngovernment militia forces occurs on a daily basis. There have\nbeen specifi c neighborhoods attacked in an organized manner.\nFamilies cannot afford to send their children to the four of fortyfi ves schools that remain open. Since 11 April the area to Lasu\nborder has not been accessible by UNMISS patrol despite\nrepeated attempts. However recently UNMISS had made it to\nMorobo near the border. Movement is reportedly increased from\nYei to Maridi. The situation remains unpredictable, with potential\nfurther confl ict in the area expected. With no economy and little\nfood farmed or transported, Yei residents are resorting to boiling\nmango leaves to survive.\n\n\nHumanitarian response and movements remain largely within\nthe 3kms radius of Yei town. But during this reporting period,\nhumanitarian partners were able to access 3 locations 20 kms\nfrom Yei town. As predicted, the situation in areas immediately\noutside Yei is more critical. The small number of people in these\nlocations report of atrocities, severe lack of food and access to\nbasic services.\n\n\n**In Western Equatoria;** there has been less confl ict reported\nduring this reporting period, however local authorities have\nreported that on 10 April, an unknown armed group allegedly\nraided a cattle ranch in Rumbek East taking the cattle via Bahrel-Grindi and Kokori Payams of Mvolo. Cattle owners, followed\nthe cattle and reportedly killed seven persons. The RRC reported\nthat this incident led to 15,968 IDPs fl eeing to Mvolo Centre and\n13,879 in Yeri Centre. On 27 April 2017 another cattle raiding\nincident occurred, displacing the few remaining people in Bahrel-Grindi and Kokori Payams of Mvolo. UNDSS also confi rmed\nthe report of 27 April adding that incidents of cattle raiding in\nBahr el Grinidi, Kokori and Mapourdit areas were between Dinka\nAgaar and Dinka Atuot in Mvolo Amadi State. As a result, a\nnumber of people were reportedly killed and cattle stolen. The\nlocal authorities claimed that civilians from Bahr el Girindi were\ndisplaced to Mvolo while those civilians from Mapourdit moved to\nYirol County, Lakes State.\n\n\nAccording to a local organization Mundri Active Youth\nAssociation (MAYA) operating in Mundri, nearly 11,000 people\n\n\n\n25 According to DRC weekly reporting there has been an increase in departures from the POC to Sudan. In their report, 1,317 departures for the fi rst three weeks of April 2017 were recorded, most all were to Sudan. IOM\nhas also monitored movements of people leaving Malakal POC and other areas of the Upper Nile region indicating a regular weekly movement of a couple of hundred people.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "last Trends\nreport", - "confidence": 0.9392920732498169, - "start": 332, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7448121905326843, - "start": 334, - "end": 335 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Equatoria region", - "confidence": 0.5710473656654358, - "start": 338, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6754318475723267, - "start": 389, - "end": 390 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were displaced from Kediba to Lui in Mundri East while\nanother 6,800 moved from Kediba (Mundri East) to Mundri\nWest town as a result of fi ghting between armed youth and\nthe SPLA in March-April 2017. There are also reports of\nsome displacement from Lakamadi to Doso and Wito areas\nin Mundri West as a result of SPLA actions against armed\nyouth. Eastern Mundri has experienced confl ict in several\nvillages causing over 13,000 people displaced. In Yambio, the\nnumber of IDPs in the Remenze Catholic Church increased\nto 1,309 households/6,617 individuals. IDPs have expressed\nwillingness to return subject to improvement of security\nsituation in the surrounding villages as they claimed that the\narmed groups are still present and people lack confi dence in\nSPLA provide security. The presence of South Sudan National\nLiberation Movement (SSNLM) and SPLA in Gangura payam\nof Yambio is creating fear in the local population forcing people\nto continue hide in the bush away from their homes.\n\n\nLarge scale displacement in the region continues.\nHumanitarians are trying to provide some assistance to\nidentifi ed groups of IDPs in the expanding area of displacement\ncaused by human rights violations mainly by government\nforces moving into civilian communities. The last Trends\nreport highlighted the violence and large scale displacement\nfrom Kajo-Keji town that is now practically empty. Now it is\nthe Magwi area of Eastern Equatoria. The community of Pajok\n\n\n\ntime of this report, thousands of people continue to fl ee from\nMagwi county to Uganda, many who have been hiding in the\nbush with continued reports of attacks on civilians.\n\n\n**Security situation in Lakes State region** has also\ndeteriorated. Clan, territorial and intern-communal violence\ntriggered by revenge killings, cattle raiding, robbery and\nbanditry have caused displacement. Towards the end of 2016\nto March 2017, the security situation was relatively calm\nalthough there were some pocket areas with confl ict. After\nthe political transitions in two created \u201cStates\u201d, (Eastern and\nWestern Lakes) confl icts began in April and May compared\nto the previous three months. In month of April and the start\nof May, 820 households (over 4,100 individuals) have been\ndisplaced in Cueibet, Yirol West and Rumbek East counties\nof Lakes. [30]\n\n\n**In the Western Bahr el Ghazal;**\nDuring this reporting period the security situation in Wau\nhas deteriorated with as many as 19,000 more people\ndisplaced; approximately 15,000 (in POC AA) and over 4,300\n(in Cathedral and other IDP locations) from the surrounding\nareas and people inside Wau town who feel increasingly\nunder risk of attacks. In March, fi ve IDPs were killed while\ncollecting fi rewood and mangos and between 5 - 13 April\n2017, up to 24 civilians have been identifi ed as shot or hacked\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5th Division when returning from the Baggari area. [31] Besides\nIDPs, humanitarian workers and a UN mission member (WFP\nstaff and a CTSAMM monitor) have been attacked and lives\nhave been lost.\n\n\nArbitrary arrests and detention of youth, including school\nchildren targeting ethnic Fertit generally and increasingly\nreported, member of the Luo population. [32] This has resulted in\nsome students not going to school. Men, especially the youth,\nare very concerned with their safety and security where they\nare perceived to be targets for military personnel outside the\ncollective center. Some male respondents highlighted forced\nconscription of young men from the Cathedral, during their\nmovement outside of collective center area around evening\nhours by the military forces conducting security patrols. [33 ]\n\nHumanitarian workers, including WFP, Oxfam, UNMISS,\nUCDC and WDG staff have also been arbitrarily detained at\nthe National Security Directorate and in the Grinti Barracks.\nSGBV incidents against the displaced population continues.\nThe ability to report remains weak. Some survivors prefer not to\nreport for fear of retaliation by the perpetrators (armed military\npersonnel). Even when a perpetrator has been arrested, with\nlinks to senior offi cers, it often results in charges not being\npursued. GBV safety audits led by IMC, indicate an increase\nin the stress levels among family members resulting in more\ndomestic violence incidents, an increase of over 42% reported\nincidents. The capacity of local and international partners is\noverwhelmed resulting in a slow response on cases referred.\nOwing to unabated looting of property, especially in areas\nof Jeber Kheir and Hai Salaam, IDPs have emptied their\nhouses and bring their property inside crowded displacement\nsites. The Director of the UNMISS Human Rights Division,\nstated during a recent visit that people are losing hope in the\nhumanitarian actors to respond.\n\n\nThe government plan for relocation of IDPs from the Episcopal\nChurch of Sudan (ECS) was a major issue during this reporting\nperiod. The authorities stated the decision is \u201cunstoppable\u201d\nto have IDPs at ECS relocated. A committee was formed to\nstart relocation has taken place with the presence of the police\nand military in and outside of the ECS site forcing people to\nmove. Not all people moved in the same direction. At the time\nof this report a forced relocation is ongoing with the presence\nof the police and military in and outside of the ECS site forcing\npeople to move. IDPs are collecting their belonging, many\nwalking in search of a place to shelter. It is observed that not\nall people moving in same direction. A group of vulnerable\nwomen stated that their family members had been killed in\nthe Messna location where the government is forcing them\nto re-locate. IDPs from the ECS that have been interviewed\nexpress they do not feel comfortable moving to these areas\nand want to stay in the ECS. [34]\n\n\nThe ICWG in Wau expects that the number of new arrivals to\nthe town will continue and additional space will be required.\nThe Cathedral and POC AA sites are the most congested\neven after the recent expansion of the site. New shelters are\nbeing created in the POC AA but there are constraints by\n\n\n\nthe government for securing additional sites. CCCM Wau is\nlooking into other options as people arrive from Raja [35] and\nsurrounding areas and from in the town with the ongoing\ninsecurity. The local authorities are advising that humanitarians\nshould be providing tools and seeds to plant, and not mere\nfood distributions. Addressing the insecurity and human rights\nviolations remains the major priority for protection in Wau and\nsurrounding areas.\nThe estimated total number of IDPs in the region is now\nwell over 100,000. [36] As of 30 April 2017, in all collective\nsites within Wau town, there are estimated to be 28,232\nindividuals. Nearly 61% of the IDP population are in the POC\narea adjacent to UNMISS (population 43,535 individuals from\nthe last registration (of new infl ux), a 34% increase from the\nlast Trends report). [37] POC sites are overcrowded even after\nthe recent expansion completed in February 2017. Despite\nchallenges in access to land for IDPs, alternative locations\nhave to be prepared and or IDP location near the UNMISS\nbase be expanded, as further IDPs are more than likely to\narrive from within and outside of Wau town in addition to those\nforced to leave the ECS location.\n\n\n**In the Upper Nile region**, on January 24th 2017, SPLA and\nthe IO clashed on the west and east bank around Malakal and\nthe fi ghting continued into the fi rst week of February. Areas\naffected by the fi ghting were Malakal town, Ditang, Bukeny,\nMakal Island, Wau Shilluk, Ogod and Kom. The SPLA forces\nmoved across to Wau Shilluk causing the entire population of\nWau Shilluk, Padit and Pathow to move north to the areas of\nFashoda, Orinyi, Kodok. The IDP population, directed by the\nIO authorities, moved as far north as Aburoc further away from\nthe front line and river. The heavily militarized area has made\nit diffi cult for humanitarians to work. Forced recruitment was\nmonitored and all males were prevented from moving from\nthe area. Many women with children expressed they do not\nhave the money to pay for their travel to the border. [38] The IO\nauthorities\u2019 infl uence to direct the civilian population to certain\nareas impacted on civilians\u2019 decisions to seek security and\ninternational protection in Sudan. [39] At present, Kodok, on the\nwest bank of the river, has been occupied by the government\nforces and most of the population has also fl ed to Aburoc. In\nWau Shilluk, there also exists a small caseload of persons\nwith special needs (PSNs) who have decided to remain in\nthe area due to their acclaim and connection to the original\nShilluk Kingdom. [40] It has also been identifi ed that the SPLA\nhave been providing security to these PSNs although they\nremain vulnerable without adequate humanitarian assistance.\nA recent joint mission to Tonga in the southwestern area of\nthe Upper Nile region, a former stronghold of the IO, found\nthe town partially destroyed and looted with 39 remaining\nvulnerable people. [41]\n\n\nThe majority of the population that was estimated to be over\n5,000 fl ed east towards Malakal and north towards Aburoc.\nMany people are reportedly hiding in the bush. At the time of this\nTrends report, a large number of the Shilluk civilian population\nhave now congregated in and around Aburoc. It is estimated\nthere are up to 30,000 mostly women and children, exhausted\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and vulnerable, many living in the open without adequate\nshelter, lack of sanitation and in need of food and water in\nan area covering a few square kilometers. If the government\nforces move towards their settlements from Kodok, the only\noption for them to seek safety will be to fl ee to Sudan about 45\nkm away. Without transport to a safer location, food and water,\nthe population, especially the most vulnerable persons, are at\nserious risk of being abused, raped and killed. [42]\n\n\n**Malakal POC site** - During the fi rst few months of 2017\npopulation movement out of the POC site has continued.\nThis is a change from the movement in December 2016 when\nindividuals who had left the POC site began returning. Camp\nManagement reported as of 13 April 2017, 2424 individuals\nconsisting primarily of women and children have left the POC\nsite with the intention of moving to Sudan. [43] UNHCR/DRC and\npartners are conducting further intention surveys to establish\ntriggers for movement in and out of the POC site. There has\nbeen consistent movement from February to the present time\nout of the Malakal POC to Renk and Sudan monitored by\nIOM and DRC. [44] Through UNHCR and partner\u2019s interaction\nwith persons of concern via community structured meetings\nand focus group discussions, various reasons have described\nwhy people are leaving the POC at this time. While insecurity\nhas been a general reason cited, it is typically related to\npersonal safety in which SGBV and threat to life continues to\nexist outside of the POC site. A number of IDPs expressed\ntheir desire to move to Sudan to reunite with family members\nwho are able to provide fi nancial assistance, better living\nconditions, access to employment/education, and a prospect\nof having a future. The political atmosphere is perceived as\nno longer conducive for peace, with the increase of confl ict\nin the area and the taking over of Wau Shilluk by the SPLA,\nthis means the Shilluk community no longer have access to\ntheir land. This has instilled a sense of hopelessness for the\nfuture of the community. The traditional and community roles/\nstructures that have broken down or no longer respected,\nnegative coping mechanism through abuse of drugs and\nalcohol and aggressive behavior have further eroded the\nwill of the population that has been residing in the POC site\nfor over three years. Mental health issues directly related\nto living in such an environment is still a serious concern. [45]\nAlthough service providers are on the ground while mental\nhealth and psychosocial (MHPSS) referral mechanisms need\nstrengthening, the root cause of the problem persists - living\nin a place without freedom of movement and no access to\nlivelihoods. Movement out of the POC is largely undertaken\nby women and children. Due to security threats the men\nare choosing to remain in the POC site which creates an\nincreasing protection concern in terms of livelihood access for\nmen. Male youth are also remaining behind because of their\nfear to move outside and be at risk of arrest, torture and being\nkilled. [46] These young men consume drugs and alcohol which\ntypically leads to violent behavior.\n\n\n**Malakal town** has become increasingly populated with\nthe arrival of government facilitated IDP movement. The\nauthorities claim these individuals are originally from Malakal.\nFrom monitoring and discussions with newly arrived persons it\nis obvious that they do not have land or a property in Malakal.\n\n\n\nThey are being hosted communally in a compound identifi ed\nby the government. Protection, WASH and health concerns\nhave been identifi ed. Many older persons have been assigned\nto travel with several children (up to 8 children per an older\ncare provider). Street children and provision of care by\nsingle mothers, older persons, in addition to deplorable living\nconditions further exacerbates the diffi cult living conditions of\nthe people. UNHCR and partners have initiated response to\nidentifi ed Persons with Specifi c Needs (PSNs). Child protection\nactors (UNICEF & INTERSOS) have included children into\nPSS activities and school programs. Protection actors have\nadvocated for mobility equipment for PSNs in Malakal town.\nWith such a vulnerable population and without allocation of\nland and adequate housing to the arriving population, they are\nunable to initiate livelihood activities to provide for themselves.\nThey are highly dependent on food distribution and other\nhumanitarian interventions such as WASH facilities and health\ncare.\n\n\n**In Melut**, there have been movements from the Khoradar to\nBaliet, Anakdiar, Riangnhom and Adong and a total of 3,600\nindividuals (362 HH) have been monitored leaving these\nareas. The intention for the population movement for people\nwithout registration cards is to access arable land for farming.\nMost of this movement took place in April. It has since stopped\ndue to the onset of the rains which will inhibit the movement\nof persons of concern to their respective areas of origin. DRC\nand UNHCR continue to monitor these movements as it is\nlikely that they will start again in the dry season.\n\n\n**In Nasir County**, following the fi ghting between government\nand SPLA-IO forces the fi rst week of January 2017 over\n30,000 people were displaced and many still in villages near\nthe border with Ethiopia near Malual cattle camp, Maker, Buri\nAbiye, Jikmir, Makak. Smaller number of IDPs are staying\nalong the Gilo River near the border with Ethiopia. The current\nIDP population in the area is estimated at 35,000 by protection\npartners working in the area. Some people are crossing to\nEthiopia through Buri Abeyi checkpoint border. The main\nreason for the population fl eeing from Nasir County at this time\nis due to hunger and food insecurity. The average number of\npeople crossing to Ethiopia in this area is approximately 150\n\n- 250 individuals. This includes people from Jonglei State and\nNasir County.\n\n\n**Jonglei** [47] - Since the last Trends report there has been a\nsignifi cant deterioration of the protection situation. In February,\nclashes between the SPLA and SPLA/IO in Yuai (Uror)\ncaused a large displacement of the population to Duk, Mowtot\nand Lankien. Intense fi ghting between government and\nopposition forces in the newly established state of Bieh (north\nwestern Jonglei), started on 13 April 2017 and continuing to\ndate intermittently, there are reports of large scale civilian\ndisplacement from IDPs reaching Akobo. According to\nthese IDPs, fi ghting commenced when government forces\nadvanced from Yuai town eastwards affecting a large number\nof communities, including Pulchuol, Pieri, Mwotot, Waat,\nKalkuiny and Walgak. The population in Akobo fears that\ngovernment forces are currently mobilising in Waat to take\nover Akobo and establish total control of Bieh State and the\nsubsequent installation of government-appointed offi cials in\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intention surveys", - "confidence": 0.9801064729690552, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "POC\nsite", - "confidence": 0.7738357186317444, - "start": 164, - "end": 166 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9002750515937805, - "start": 298, - "end": 299 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "areas considered to be opposition strongholds. Akobo being a\nrefuge point for many IDPs, any takeover of the area will likely\ndisplace thousands and force them to seek asylum across the\nborder in Ethiopia. [48]\n\n\nFollowing the clashes in Yuai and the surrounding areas in\nmid-February, some 11,204 individuals (1,314 HHs) were\nreported to have arrived from Uror to Akobo and some 1,536\nindividuals to Lankien. The number of displaced persons in\nDuk is still being assessed but unverifi ed reports by the local\nRRC indicate that some 39,711 IDPs from Uror are now in\nDuk (Padiet, Payuel/Poktap&Panyang/Pajut). Following\nthe clashes south of Malakal also in early February, some\n5,000 IDPs were reported to be displaced from Atar/Kaldak/\nKhorfulus/Kolethok to Diel in Pigi. The recent fi ghting in Greater\nFangak has also led to displacement of people affected by the\nfi ghting in the areas of Bei, Nyalual, Kuerkier, Kuer Nyang,\nand Thokchak.\n\n\nPeople fl eeing these areas report of shelling and shooting by\ngovernment forces and subsequent cross-fi re with opposition\nforces, causing deaths of civilians, including women and\nchildren. Scenes of chaos have been described as people\nfl ed in all directions during attacks, resulting further in cases\nof missing family members, including children and vulnerable\npersons as well as the destruction of properties and looting\nduring the fi ghting.\n\n\nUnverifi ed estimates are that up to 100,000 civilians have\nbeen displaced and many are reportedly trapped with fear\nof further attacks by government forces from one side and\nalleged harassment and looting by armed elements of civilians\nwho are trying to reach safety, including Ulang and Akobo. In\naddition to insecurity, the absence of drinking water on the 2-3\nday walk from the Waat area to Akobo and lack of money to\nhire vehicles for the journey are reportedly preventing civilians\nfrom reaching safety.\n\n\nThe increase of insecurity in the region is also a result of the\nfrequent armed attacks by Murle tribesmen on villages and\non people fl eeing fi ghting, particularly in areas between Uror\nand Akobo. The attackers have mainly traditionally targeted\ncattle, but they are also after personal belongings of IDPs\nfl eeing from fi ghting, abducting children and also attack and\nkill, including women and children. This has been one of the\nmajor causes of population displacement recently.\n\n\nRevenge attacks by Dinka youth mobilized from Jonglei\nagainst Murle in Boma State have also increased. In March,\nthere was a report of the displacement of Murles from Pibor to\nAkobo due to the attacks by the Dinka youths, initially reported\nto be some 400 households (2,000 individuals). Fighting\nbetween Dinka Youth from Jonglei and Murle from Boma State\nis ongoing in Gumuruk and Vertet areas of Boma and will likely\ncontinue. [49] Reportedly this has led to displacements in the\narea but fi gures are yet to be established given its remoteness\nand limited access by humanitarians.\n\n\nAnother noted population movement are people moving\nbetween Juba POC and the Greater Fangak. While the\nnumber was reported to be high in the previous Trends report\n(Between mid-November and December 2016, some 5,000\n\n\n6,000 individuals were reported to have arrived from Leer\nin Unity and Juba POCs to Old Fangak). In January and\nFebruary, the number has signifi cantly dropped, presumably\ndue to the fear of insecurity from the renewed fi ghting between\nSPLA and SPLA/IO. However in March, the movements from\nboth sides (observed at the Bor dock site) started to increase\nagain to 485 per month from Juba to Greater Fangak and to\n444 from Greater Fangak to Juba and Uganda. The reasons\nof the movements were mentioned to be family reunifi cation,\neconomic hardship and lack of access to service.\n\n\nThe State RRC continues to report new arrivals of \u201cIDPs from\nYei\u201d arriving in Bor. In March 2017, the RRC shared a list of\nsome 836 households (5,160 individuals) with humanitarians\nthat needs further assessment/confi rmation. The list was\nreviewed by the protection partners and revised by reducing a\nfew duplicate HHs. The fi nal fi gure stood at 797 HHs. This is a\nsmall decrease of the number reported in the previous Trends\nreport. The fi gure from the RRC at the end of December 2016\nwas 900 households (5,335 individuals) of IDPs arriving from\nYei/Juba. While it is claimed by the RRC that more Yei IDPs\nare arriving on daily basis, humanitarian actors have not been\nable to verify this assertion.\n\n\nAccording to Protection Cluster members, the deterioration of\nprotection could be attributed to a number of factors including\nincreased road accessibility during the dry season, the renewed\nconfi dence of the government to capture the IO areas without\na political solution, more people with access to weapons and\nthe lack of rule of law. With the long term economic hardship,\nan increase of armed robberies, ambushes, and other criminal\nactivities across the Jonglei region was recorded up to\nFebruary and then slightly decreased in March 2017. [50]\n\n\n**Bor POC** - At present there are 1,975 IDPs in the POC site.\nSimilar to last reporting period, 1,392 individuals (543 HHs)\nare registered to return or relocate when the security improves.\nDespite the increasing confl ict in the region, some people\ncontinue to request humanitarian support to move at this time,\nparticularly requesting money for transport. [51] The increased\nsecurity developments have had an impact on population\nmovement to and from the POC, which has been receiving\nnew arrivals from areas affected by fi ghting as well as other\nlocations including Juba and even from outside of the country.\nSpontaneous departure of IDPs have also been monitored\nfrom the POC to areas of origin and to seek asylum outside the\ncountry. During the reporting period, 141 IDPs spontaneously\nleft the POC while 171 were registered as newly-arriving IDPs.\nThis in and out movement has remained relatively the same\nto previous reporting periods. The main reasons for for people\narriving to the POC include family reunifi cation, insecurity due\nto fi ghting as well as lack of means of survival in terms of food\nand services forcing them to seek protection and assistance\nin the POC. [52]\n\n\n**Unity** [53] - During the reporting period, relative to the last\nTrends report, there has been less confl ict in the region. The\nBentiu POC population fi gures have fl uctuated. In January,\n2017, the total population/individuals in the POC was 120,011\n(21,221 households) while In the middle of March, the\npopulation reduced to approximately 117,654 IDPs. There\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "has been a steady increase noticed when the famine was\ndeclared in February and after fi ghting in Mayendit. [54] As of 31\nMarch 2017, the population in the Bentiu POC was 121,225\n(individuals) according to IOM headcount. From November\n2016 to date, 5,500 new arrivals (unregistered) came to POC\nlocation stating reasons of lack of food, physical security,\nforced recruitment by IO 2 and other armed groups and family\nreunifi cation.\n\n\nIn the month of March, 2017 when the fi ghting erupted in\nMayendit, the movement of IDPs has been increased in the\nstate. People fl ed to the safest place for their physical safety\nand reached to Bentiu, Rubkona towns and POC Bentiu as\nwell. Currently, 354 households/3,156 individuals are residing\nat collective centres in Bentiu and Rubkona towns.\n\n\nREACH has also identifi ed 352 households (approximately\n1,760 individuals) who arrived in Nyal Town during that period\nfrom Mayendit County due to fi ghting. A much larger number\n(2,000-5,000 individuals) is believed to have arrived in nearby\nMayom Payam from the same location.\n\n\nForced recruitment has been noticed in Nhialdiu, Leer, and\nMayendit & Southern Koch Counties and is noted as a push\nfactor for male IDPs to relocate to the POC Bentiu, Rubkona\nand Bentiu towns. One humanitarian partner (CHADO) has\nreported that 4 of the organization\u2019s school teachers have\nbeen forcefully recruited into armed groups in Guit County.\nConsequently, the school has been closed denying education\nfor over 538 children. IDPs living in the POC are also affected.\n\n\nUnlawful arrests have been on the increase for IDPs living\nin the Bentiu POC. When males go out of POC to town for\n\n\n\ntheir daily business, but on the way back are screened and\ntaken by SPLA/SPLA IO 2 and accused of having \u201ca military\nbackground\u201d.\n\n\nDespite of the challenges, movement of IDPs from the POC\nBentiu and Bentiu and Rubkona towns has continued. Over\n2350 IDPs (from the POC) returned voluntarily to Koch,\nMayom, Rier, Guit, Bieh and nearby villages as they found\nthat security situation is conducive for them to go back\nto their original villages. Family reunifi cation was another\nfactor related to their return as they left behind their elderly\nand disabled members (unattended) in the community. One\npositive factor has been UNMISS confi dence building patrols\nthat has impacted on the perception of IDPs that security the\nenvironment is conducive for them to return.\n\n\nAs the rainy season is approaching, many IDPs have planned\nto go back to their villages to cultivate to improve their\nfood situation. Protection actors met with 242 households\nwho intended to go back to Koch, Mayom and Nhialdiu for\ncultivation. However, it is reported that some armed elements\nin Thargana stopped the people forcefully from cultivating as\nthey suspect them to be supporting the rebels.\n\n\n\n1.85m\n\n\n\n1.93m\n\n\n\n\n\nDisplacement Trends Mar2014 - Apr2017 (in million) [*]\n\n\n\n\n\n|1.7m 1.5m
1.5m
0.8m
0.4m 0.6m 0.77m 0.85m|Col2|1.81m
1.29m|\n|---|---|---|\n|Dec
Dec
Mar|Dec
A|Dec
A|\n\n\n2014 2014 2015 Jul 2016 2016\n\n\n\n2017\n\n\n\nIDPs Refugees\n\n\n\nFighting in Juba\nforced thousands\nto flee their homes\ninside and outside\nthe country\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Separated Children\n\n\n**9,299**\n\n\nMissing Children\n\n\n**3,838**\n\n\nUnaccompanied\nChildren\n\n\n**2,233**\n\n\nUnaccompanied, Missing and\n\nSeparated Children by Gender\n\nas of March 2017\n\n\n#### **FAMILY TRACING AND** **REUNIFICATION (FTR)**\n\nAt the end of March 2017, separated\nchildren comprised 60.5% of the total\ncaseload of unaccompanied and separated\nchildren (UASC), followed by missing and\nunaccompanied children, at 25.0% and 14.5%.\nFunding gaps, necessitating a move away\nfrom FTR services to all UASC, to provide FTR\nservices to only unaccompanied children and\nthe most vulnerable among separated children.\nMore suffi cient funding would allow Child\nProtection partners to include separated and\nmissing children in the FTR programs.\n\n\n284 children have been reunifi ed with their\nfamilies during the fi rst quarter of 2017\ncompared to 501 children reunifi ed during the\nsame period in 2016. Cumulatively there are\n4,901 reunifi cations so far. This represents\n42.1% of all children registered in the data\nbase. The reunifi cation for this reporting period\nrepresents 5.8% of total reunifi cation.\n\n\nState caseloads continue to refl ect a number of\ndifferentials relating to partner\u2019s presence,\non-going confl ict, concentration of populations,\naccessibility and the availability of funding.\nThe overwhelming majority of the total FTR\ncaseload is concentrated across Unity, Upper\nNile and Jonglei, States. However the trends in\nWau area and Kajo keji within Western Bar-ElGhazal and Western Equatoria continue to\nincrease due to the recent confl ict in the two\nregions respectively. Partners have been\nempowered and deployed in the two regions\n\n\n\nto provide FTR intervention with support from\nFTR lead.\n\n\nInaccessibility issues in Southern Unity and\nNorthern Jonglei continue to impact on the\nFTR response. This has left over 1000 children\nwithout adequate monitoring support and\ntracing progress curtailed. This is expected to\ncontinue in 2017.\n\n\nBeyond contextual issues that contribute to\nspikes and falls in data, trends from 2016 speak\nto the signifi cant impact of the changed funding\nlandscape, accessibility to areas controlled\nby SPLM-IO, increased incidences of confl ict\nand displacements, absence of partners in\nparticular areas and turnover of staffs and\ncapacity of Family Tracing and Reunifi cation\npartners to operate and reach children in South\nSudan with critical services.\n\n\n\n4,963\n\n\n\n\n\n1,914 1,924\n\n\n\n\n\nBoys\n\nGirls\n\n\n\nSeparated Missing Unaccompanied\n\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunifi cation (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Mar2017\n\n\n\n15,370\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMar Dec Dec Mar\n2014 2014 2015 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "caseload of unaccompanied and separated\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.6808037161827087, - "start": 75, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9371131062507629, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data\nbase", - "confidence": 0.9210811853408813, - "start": 205, - "end": 207 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5245857834815979, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.8650382161140442, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "State caseloads", - "confidence": 0.6842401623725891, - "start": 225, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.6134301424026489, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Unaccompanied\n\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunifi cation", - "confidence": 0.89579176902771, - "start": 452, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "Mar2014 - Mar2017", - "confidence": 0.7708070278167725, - "start": 461, - "end": 464 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Attacks on & military use\nof schools\n\n**3,983** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nRecruitment and use of\nchildren\n\n\n**314** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nKilling\n\n\n**34** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nInjuring\n\n\n**22** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nAbduction\n\n\nSexual violence\n\n\n**12** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, 252 incidents\nof grave violations affecting an estimated\n4,385 children were documented through the\nMonitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM).\nThe UN verifi ed 201 incidents affecting 2,005\nchildren. Forty-fi ve percent of all documented\nincidents were of denial of humanitarian\naccess, and 27 per cent were incidents of\nrecruitment and use. Over half of all incidents,\n52 per cent, were documented in the Upper\nNile region followed by the Equatorias region,\nwhere 31 per cent of all incidents were\ndocumented. The increase in documented\nincidents in the Upper Nile region from the\nprevious quarter is due to fi ghting in the region\nthat erupted in late January and the ongoing\nrecruitment and use of children in Unity.\n\n\nIncidents of killing and maiming of children\n\n\n\nwere documented in Upper Nile during\noffensives carried out in late January and\nearly February. Children were also killed or\nmaimed in 12 incidents involving unexploded\nremnants of war, including when they have\nbeen left behind in schools that were used by\narmed forces or armed groups.\n\n\nRecruitment and use of children continued\nto be documented throughout South Sudan,\nparticularly in the Upper Nile region. Children,\nhumanitarian workers, and teachers were\nreported to have been forcibly conscripted,\nand children, some as young as 11 years,\nwere also observed by the UN carrying\nweapons, wearing military uniforms, and being\nused as escorts to elements of armed forces\nand armed groups. The UN also documented\nincidents of children deprived of their liberty\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and vandalized after confl ict erupted and\ncivilian populations were displaced in both\nregions.\n\n\n\nRegistered Incidents:\n\nJanuary - March 2017\n\n\n\nDenial of\n\naccess **45%**\n\n\n\n\n\nfor their alleged association with armed forces\nand armed groups.\n\n\nThe UN documented three incidents of attacks\non schools and six incidents of military use\nof schools. Four schools previously used\nby armed forces or armed groups were also\nvacated. The total number of schools that\nhave been verifi ed as being used for military\npurposes stood at 39 at the end of March.\nAdditionally, four health clinics were attacked\nduring the reporting period. During the attacks,\ndrugs, immunization kits, and cold-chain\nrefrigerators were looted from the facilities.\n\n\nDenial of humanitarian access continues to\nbe the most documented violation. During\nthe reporting period humanitarian workers\nwere abducted, humanitarian compounds\nwere looted and vandalized, and in one\nincident humanitarian workers were killed\nin an ambush. Most incidents of denial of\nhumanitarian access were documented\nin Central Equatoria and Jonglei, where\nhumanitarian compounds were found looted\n\n\n\nRecruitment\n&use of\nchildren 27%\n\n\nAttacks on\nschools\n&military use 7%\n\n\nKilling 7%\n\n\n\n\n\nSexual\nviolence 4%\n\n\n\nIncidents of Grave Child Rights Violations (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Mar2017\n\n\n\nNo. of children affected\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMar Dec Dec Dec Mar\n2014 2014 2015 2016 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV Reported Cases:\n\nCase Context\n\nJanuary - March 2017\n\n\n\nrisk to sexual violence. The displacements\nin Wau in Western Bahrel-Ghazal, in KajoKeji in Central Equatoria, in Aburoc in Upper\nNile in Akobo, Pibor in Jonglei and in Pajok in\nEastern Equatoria has increased the burden\nand risk to sexual violence on women and\ngirls. Other GBV cases that were reported\nthis quarter included emotional violence at\n16%, denial of economic resources at 10%,\nforced marriage at 6% and sexual Abuse at\n4%. Incidences of forced marriage increased\nthis quarter from 21 cases last quarter to 33\ncases this quarter. Cumulatively since 2015 to\ndate, a total of 283 girls were reported to have\nbeen forcefully married off. (83 in 2015, 168 in\n2016 and 33 in the fi rst quarter of 2017. The\nfi nancial hardship in the country has forced\nsome families to marry off their daughters with\nthe hope of receiving a dowry or to reduce on\nthe number of mouths to be fed in a family.\nThe cattle raids that has been rampant in\nWestern Bahrel-Ghazal and Jonglei has also\nseen girls abducted and end up as wives of\ntheir captives. There has also been a myth\non the issue of protection of girls by marrying\nthem off without considering the reproductive\nhealth consequences that they face.\n\n\nThe current context with civilians in POCs,\ncollective sites and deep fi eld areas or in\nInstitutions like schools has forced GBV\npartners to modify their approaches to\ninclude static responses as well as mobile\nresponses with temporal shelters and work\nwith community members for continuity of\nservice provision. Although GBV programmes\nhave been expanded in Central and Western\nEquatoria, access still remains a big challenge.\nPartners in Kajo-keji now access the IDPs\nfrom North Western Uganda in Moyo district\nwhich is not sustainable. Most health facilities\nare closed and looted like Kajo-Keji hospital\nleaving the partner to work in a few primary\n\n\n\nSlavery, 1%\n\n\nEarly marriage, 4%\n\n\n\nabuse,7%\n\n\n\n\n\nGBV Reported Cases:\n\nAge of the Survivor\n\nJanuary - March 2017\n\n\n\nThe continuous country wide fi ghting\nhas exposed the community to multiple\ndisplacements with no access to basic services\nsuch was medicine, shelter, water and food.\nThis has increased the risk for gender-based\nviolence especially when women and children\nmove long distances in search of food, water\nand shelter materials.\n\n\nFrom January to March 2017, according to the\nGBV IMS, the reported cases of GBV was 560\ncases a slight drop from last quarter\u2019s reported\ncases at 575 cases. 97% of cases happened\nto female survivors and 19% of survivors were\nchildren. Physical assault continues to be the\nhighest percentage of cases reported at 50%\nof total cases. Although gender inequality is\ndeeply rooted in the culture and social norms\nin South Sudan, the confl ict has uprooted\nthe community from their original dwellings\nand denied men and women access to their\nmeans of livelihoods.\nThe confl ict has further seen a change of\ngender roles between men and women\nwhere women have become bread winners\nalthough men still retained their patriarchal\ntendencies. The redundancy of men coupled\nwith frustrations of failing to meet their\nsocial obligations to protect and fend for\ntheir families explains why there is anarchy\nin families resulting into high cases of inter\npartner violence. As bread winners, women\nare forced to risk their lives and move out\nof the protected camps in such for food and\nfi rewood. A total of 84 cases of rape were\nreported this quarter. With the declaration of\nfamine in southern Unity, it should be noted\nthat famine is a contributing factor to GBV\nespecially sexual violence as it forces women\nto move in the wilderness in search for food\nor young girls exchanging sex for food and in\nsome cases women and girls turn to do petty\njobs in insecure centres which increases their\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n12-17 years, 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "confl ict", - "confidence": 0.5994778871536255, - "start": 515, - "end": 517 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8905165195465088, - "start": 511, - "end": 513 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV Reported Cases:\n\nTypes of Incidents\n\nJanuary - March 2017\n\n\nPhysical assault\n\n\n**278**\n\n\nEmotional abuse\n\n\n**87**\n\n\nRape\n\n\n**84**\n\n\nDenial of resources\n\n\n**58**\n\n\nForced marriage\n\n\n**33**\n\n\nSexual violence\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\nhealth care units that are accessible to the\nIDPs although it is quite challenging. The IDPs\nin the POCs also faced numerous challenges\nwithin the POCs with over 90 houses burnt\ndown in Bentiu POC and the families now\ndisplaced in a school. This further exacerbate\nthe already diffi cult conditions of the women\nexposing them to incidences of abuse.\nShortage of water was also reported in some\nof the POCs and other collective sites in Kajokeji in Eastern Equatoria and Aburoc in Upper\nNile. The fact that families are forced to hide\nin the fi eld or bush is very challenging. GBV\nprogramme response has also been curtailed\nby funding gaps for most of the GBV partners.\nThis has hampered continuity of services for\nthe affected community.\n\n\n\nNumber of GBV Reported Cases (cumulative)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMar Dec Jun Dec Mar\n2015 2015 2016 2016 2017\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Types of Hazards\n\nas of March 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\nMRE* Audiences:\n\nJanuary - March 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "working to target children in Risk Education\n(RE) sessions (64% of the total audience),\nworking closely with schools and using new\nways to engage young people. In March an\nevent was held in Juba where nine schools,\nhaving received RE, performed related songs.\nA winner was selected to record their song with\npopular music artists, the Jay Family (https://\nwww.youtube.com/watch?v=7rucbiEneVc)\nand the song has been broadcast through\nseveral media channels to raise awareness.\nIn Juba, children in the Protection of Civilians\n(PoC) sites were found with explosive items,\nhoping to exchange them for food. Mine Action\npartners delivered specifi c RE for children\nin conjunction with the Agency for Technical\nCooperation and Development (ACTED), a\nnon-governmental organisation, responsible\nfor coordination of humanitarian services\nwithin the PoC site. UNMAS, an integral part of\nUNMISS, will be extending explosive hazard\ndetection and entry point control at PoC sites\nwith additional Explosive Detection Dog teams\nin the forthcoming months.\n\n\n\nDevices Destroyed as of\n\nMarch 2017\n\n\nUnexploded Ordnance\n(UXO)\n\n\n**911,290**\n\n\nAnti Personnel mine\n\n\n**31,291**\n\n\nAnti Tank mine\n\n\n**5,739**\n\n\nNew hazardous areas\n\n\n\ntwo teams in support of partners in the areas\nhit by famine. One team deployed to survey\nhazardous routes near Koch and the second\nteam operated in Leer. Additional Mine Action\nstaff were allocated to participate in the Intercluster Response Missions. Funding is being\nsourced through UNMISS to increase the\nnumber of technical survey teams so that\nMine Action can map the current proliferation\nof hazards and share this information with\nhumanitarian partners.\n\n\nThe fi rst quarter of the year typically sees a\nspike in the number of accidents reported in\nrelation to landmines and UXO. A number of\nfactors contribute to this including population\nmovement. Accordingly in February and\nMarch, four incidents were recorded which\nkilled six people and injured 12. The vast\nmajority of the victims were children, 11\nboys and fi ve girls who, out of curiosity were\ntampering with hazardous objects such as\ngrenades or explosive hazards which they\nhave found. Mine Action partners have been\n\n\n\n\n\nHazardous Areas - Oct2013 - Mar2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQ4-13 Q1-14 Q2-14 Q3-14 Q4-14 Q1-15 Q2-15 Q3-15 Q4-15 Q1-16 Q2-16 Q3-16 Q4-16 Q1-17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. As repeatedly stated in previous and current Protection Updates,\nSecurity Council Resolutions, and the most recent Secretary\nGeneral Statement, South Sudan\u2019s Transitional Government of\nNational Unity bears the primary responsibility to protect its civilian\npopulation from human rights violations, including targeted killings,\ntorture, and gender-based violence, abductions of women and\nchildren and destruction and looting of property. These acts have\ndestroyed livelihoods, contributed to famine, caused displacement\nand left millions of people homeless. Efforts must be made for\nthe government to stop the confl ict and take steps to hold actors\naccountable for human rights violations.\n\n\n2. In order to effectively assist people in the continuing emergency,\nhumanitarian actors must be able to work freely, neutrally, impartially\nand independently. Assistance should be needs-based conducted\nin line with existing humanitarian principles and guidelines based\non a protection assessment of the population of concern. For\nan emergency operational plan to have impact, International\nstakeholders must emphasize the imperative that UNMISS can\npatrol in all areas according to its mandate and humanitarian access\nmust be ensured by the Transitional Government and all parties to\nthe confl ict.\n\n\n3. Humanitarian actors are overwhelmed, but donors, as a priority,\nmust continue to support the UN and NGO actors dealing with\nGender Based Violence (both prevention and response), Child Rights\nViolations and in providing basic lifesaving services. Monitoring and\nreporting on the overall protection situation is essential to inform all\nstakeholders.\n\n\n4. With the wide spread confl ict, increased attacks on communities,\ntargeting of individuals, destruction of infrastructure and livelihoods,\npeople have increasing diffi culty to fi nd protection in practically all\nareas of South Sudan. Until there is a sustainable political solution,\nfamilies will continue to fl ee the country in fear of persecution\nto surrounding countries where their children can be safe and\ncan access services, including education. Efforts to keep the\ninternational refugee protection regime in place must be a priority\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/64d36385-4899-3cf8-9d41-92e1ae35e4d4/protection_trends_report_jan_apr2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_896/raw/doc_896_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_896/raw/doc_896_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6ebad0700279ee9e9eaad329046d66a0a1a93b83..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_896/raw/doc_896_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,468 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "resulted in splitting and defection of the opposition aligned to Reik\nMachar in Unity State and Upper Nile. [4] Exacerbated by the proliferation\nof armed actors, forced recruitment was identified a serious protection\nconcern for men and boys in Greater Equatoria, Jonglei, Unity, and\nUpper Nile. [5]\n\n\nThere were high profile resignations and dismissals of SPLM and\nSPLA leadership in the first half of the year. On 9 May, the Chief of\nGeneral Staff, Paul Malong Awan, was dismissed. President Kiir later\nannounced a restructuring of the SPLA. Malong remained under house\narrest in Juba until the situation was mediated and he was permitted\nto travel to Kenya in November. The repercussions of this events are\nstill unfolding.\n\n\nOn 12 June, IGAD announced a process to revitalize the Agreement\non the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) of August\n2015, and endorsed a High-Level Revitalization Forum (HLRF) to\nmediate a political settlement for peace. [6] The primary objectives of\nthe HLRF were threefold: first, restoration of a permanent ceasefire;\nsecond, implementation of ARCSS; third, revise the timeline of ARCSS\nfor democratic elections at the end of the implementation period (which\nwas initially scheduled to end in October 2018). ARCSS has three\nsignatories: the former Government of South Sudan, SPLM-IO, and\nSPLM-FD. Circumstances in the country have significantly changed\nsince the signing of ARCSS, with increases in the geographic scope\nof conflict and the number of armed groups. The HLRF was tasked\nwith identifying key stakeholders and groups for consultations, which\nbegan at the end of September 2017.\n\n\nThe first of the 4,000 Regional Protection Force (RPF) troops began\narriving in August and were initially accommodated in the UNMISS\nbase in Tongping. The deployment of the RPF caused friction with\nthe Government. The RPF was transitioned to a base outside of\nJuba. The full deployment was stalled and by the end of 2017, only\n731 had arrived. In the second half of the year, UNMISS took steps\ntowards re-opening its former base in Yei as part of efforts to increase\nprotection throughout the country.\n\n\nOn 14 December the UN Security Council unanimously adopted\nResolution 2392, which extended the mandate of UNMISS until 15\nMarch 2018, pending the ongoing strategic review. The Security\nCouncil statement supported the IGAD HLRF, calling for inclusive\nparticipation of civil society, women and youth. The resolution\nreiterated JMEC findings that \u201cthe parties to the conflict have failed to\nimplement substantive elements of the Agreement on the Resolution\nof the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan, and that conditions for\ncredible election do not presently exist.\u201d The Security Council urged\nthat parties agree to strong monitoring and enforcement mechanisms,\ntake steps to improve human rights, accountability measures, and\nhumanitarian access. This included addressing the issue of military\nuse and occupation of schools and hospitals, which, as reported under\nthe grave violations monitoring and reporting framework for South\nSudan directly affected over 16,501 children in 2017. [7] change to 7 The\nresolution went on to call for measures for representation of all South\nSudanese in governance structures, and restated the Government\u2019s\n\n\n\nculminated with the signing of the Agreement on the Cessation of\nHostilities, Protection of Civilians and Humanitarian Access (ACoH)\non 21 December. The signatories included representatives from:\nTGoNU, SPLA/M-IO, NAS, SPLM-FD, NDM, FDP/SSAF, SSUM,\nSSPM, SSNMC, SSLM, and PDM as well as other political groups and\nrepresentative for youth, women, and other civilian representatives.\nThe ACoH came into effect on 24 December. According to CTSAMM\nreports, the agreement was violated by the SPLA-IO in Koch with\nattacks on 24 December [8], and SPLA movements in Mundri, with\nmultiple subsequent violations documented by CTSAMM. The\nGovernment questioned whether the reports were objective, and\nissued a warning to NGOs that only CTSAMM has a mandate to report\non military operations and violations of the ACoH.\n\n\nThe economic situation in South Sudan continued to deteriorate,\nhaving a severe impact on the civilian population. Oil production, the\nprimary source of gross domestic product, decreased. The costs of the\nconflict and security resulted in printing additional money, which further\nexacerbated inflation. The consumer price index officially increased\n155 percent between July 2016 and June 2017, which was significantly\nless than the previous year in which there was a 480 percent price\nincrease. [9] On the parallel market, the rate for SSP against the dollar\ncontinued to depreciate: with the exchange rate increasing from 18.5\nDecember 2015, 7 August 2016, 172 August 2017, to 220 December\n2017. Nearly all basic food staples experienced an above normal price\nincrease over 2017 in assessed markets across the country. [10] These\nfactors, combined with limited livelihood options, resulted in the price\nof basic goods and the minimum food basket being unaffordable for\nthe vast majority of South Sudanese.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "CTSAMM", - "confidence": 0.5265325903892517, - "start": 681, - "end": 682 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "NGOs", - "confidence": 0.7297186851501465, - "start": 730, - "end": 731 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "attributable to cross border movements. The\nlargest increases in IDP numbers were seen\nin Warrap (10%), Lakes (+70%), and Northern\nBahr el Ghazal (+25), primarily as a result\nof escalations of intercommunal violence.\nViolations of the ACoH continue to have\nnegative impacts on the civilian population,\nresulting in new, and multiple, displacement.\nClashes in Koch on 24 December forced the\nrelocation of humanitarian staff and left 13\npeople dead. [14] In December, fighting led to the\ndisplacement of 5,000 persons across Western\nEquatoria, Central Equatoria, Jonglei and Unity\nStates.\n\n\nThe vast majority of IDPs are in host\ncommunities. IDPs account for over 30\npercent of the population in 21 counties. The\nhighest proportion of IDPs to host community\nare in Fashoda (Upper Nile), Panyijar (Unity),\nand Mundri West (Western Equatoria),\nwhere IDPs account for over 70 percent of\nthe total population. The protracted conflict\nand deteriorating conditions continue to\nstress host communities. While the main\ndriver of displacement is insecurity, primary\nand secondary displacement, as a result of\nfood insecurity and a lack of basic services,\nincreased over 2017.\n\n\nThe following sections provides more detail on\nregional events with the most significant impact\non displacement and is not a comprehensive\noverview of all incidents in 2017.\n\n\n**GREATER UNPPER NILE**\nUpper Nile: The west bank of the Nile\nexperienced heavy fighting, with most incidents\n\n\n\nIDPs as of 31 December 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n**204,172**\nin UNMISS\nPOC sites\n\n\nSouth Sudanese Refugees\n\nin neighbouring countries\n\nas of 31 December 2017\n\n\n\n\n\nfollowed by details of major events resulting in\ndisplacement across the country by region. The\nnumber of internally displaced South Sudanese\ndeclined from the first quarter of 2017, while\nthe number of people seeking refuge in\nneighbouring countries increased. For the first\ntime since the beginning of the conflict, the\nnumber of South Sudanese seeking asylum in\nneighbouring countries surpassed the number\nof South Sudanese internally displaced. The\nnumber of South Sudanese refugees in the\nregion increased to 2,435,120 of which 63\npercent were children. This total includes the\nrefugee caseload prior to the 2013 conflict. [11]\nIn November 2017, UNHCR and the Office\nof the Commissioner for Refugees of the\nGovernment of the Sudan recognized 352,400\nSouth Sudanese, who had been in Sudan prior\nto December of 2013, as refugees recognizing\nthat conditions were not conducive to return. [12]\nWhile this increased the total regional refugee\npopulation, the most significant population\nincreases are attributable to new arrivals.\n\n\nThere was a slight decrease in new refugee\narrivals from 761,550 in 2016 to 668,192\nin 2017. Over half of those fleeing South\nSudan went to Uganda. The majority of the\nmovements to neighbouring countries occurred\nin the first third of the year with 388,481 new\narrivals reported by the end of April. [13] In August,\nthe number of refugees in Uganda surpassed\n1,000,000. Sudan (+46%) and Ethiopia\n(+41%) experienced significant increases in\nnew arrivals, which correlated to the SPLA\nmovements in Upper Nile State.\n\n\nThe number of IDPs increased from 1.85\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5317255258560181, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.814087450504303, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8027114868164062, - "start": 222, - "end": 223 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Nile and South Kordofan. Following reports of concentrated IDP\npopulations in Aburoc, UNMISS forces deployed temporarily,\non 7 May, to create conditions for the delivery of humanitarian\nassistance to IDPs. There were concerns for the security and\nwell-being of population due to its close proximity to active conflict\nas well as susceptibility to flooding. The estimated population in\nthe immediate area at the end of May 2017 was 19,000, with\n11,000 staying in Aburoc. On 19 May, humanitarians assisted 798\nvulnerable IDPs with intentions to move ton Sudan but who were\nunable to afford the transport costs with transport to the border.\nFurther, assisted movement was hampered by oncoming rains.\n\n\nThe area around Aburoc remained volatile with sporadic clashes\nin August. On 12 September 2017, fighting broke out in Aburoc\nbetween SPLA-IO and SPLA-IO TD. The fighting resulted in\ndisplacement of 10,000 people, death of 3 women reportedly, and\nthe relocation of most humanitarian staff. When humanitarians\nregained access they reported no looting of facilities. Aburoc\nremained under the control of SPLA-IO TD. Civilians returned\nto the area, but an October headcount found the total population\nto be 7,500\u2014a decrease of 26 percent from August. The most\nnotable population decrease was among boys and children under\nfive; however, household size remained fairly stable at 4.3. [15]\nThis is indicative that the protection environment for male youth\ndeteriorated and corroborated by reports of forced recruitment in\nthe area. A significant population moved from Aburoc to Dethong,\nOriny and Kodok to access water and safer land for cultivation.\n\n\nA July assessment of four settlements on the west bank of\nthe Nile with heavy SPLA presence found very few residents\nremaining. Those remaining were predominantly extremely\nvulnerable individuals with mobility challenges. Returnees\nfrom Aburoc citied lack of shelter, absence of clean water, and\nintention to cultivate as their primary motivations for leaving the\narea. In Wau Shilluk and Ogod, where there had been improved\nwater systems, they had been destroyed during the conflict and\nextensive looting of houses was also confirmed. Civilians in\nthe settlements expressed a general feeling of physical safety\ndespite the militarization. The absence of children and youth in\nthe settlements indicates that they were perceived as not safe for\nsome demographic groups. [16]\n\n\nOn 3 May, there were clashes in Guelguk. Later there were\nadvances by the SPLA into Longechuk and further on to Maiwut\nTown, on 27 July, and Pagak, on 6 August. [17] This indicates a\nincrease in the capability of the army to carryout operations in\nthe rainy season. Humanitarians evacuated from the area and\nreported looting of humanitarian compounds in Mathiang. The\nSPLA consolidated in Pagak and skirmishes were increasingly\nlocalized through August. Up to 90,000 people are estimated\nto have been displaced. The advance resulted in significant\nmovement of people seeking refuge in Ethiopia, with approximately\n30,000 new arrivals being registered. (insert footnote: According\nto the UNHCR data there were 34,539 new arrivals registered\n\n\n\nchildren. Humanitarian access to the area was restricted, limiting\nthe amount of information available on the impact of the offensive\non civilians.\n\n\nThe declaration of additional states and restructuring of\nadministrative boundaries at the beginning of the year led to\nviolence in previously calm parts of Upper Nile. In the first week\nof August disputes over border demarcation in Kilo Ashrar\nturned violent, 3,582 Mabanese fled to areas further within\nMaban county and humanitarians relocated to Maban. Fighting\nresumed on 22 and 24 August and the clashes related to border\ndisputes between the Mabanese and Dinka reached to Paloich.\nThe dispute was ultimately resolved through mediation by the\nGovernor.\n\n\nThe last Protection Trends reports noted the movement of\nmainly Dinka populations from the Equatorias to Juba, and the\nGovernment actions to transport them onward to locations in\nUpper Nile. In 2017, the Government completed air flights to\nrelocate the population staying outside the Juba International\nAirport, relocating approximately 5,500 people to Paloich and\nMalakal.\n\n\nClashes between the SPLA and SPLA-IO around Nassir were\nreported at the end of May and again in August. Nearly all civilians\nhave been displaced from Nassir Town and the immediate vicinity\nsince the SPLA gained control of the town in 2014. The southwest corridor continues to host a high number of IDPs from the\narea. Settlements in Ulang reported that over half of households\nwere hosting IDPs. [18] Ulang also received IDPs fleeing from\nviolence in northern Jonglei in May.\n\n\nFour years of conflict and exposure to violence, exacerbated by\nsocial fragmentation and economic hardship have had severe\nconsequences on the mental health of the population. In the\nMalakal POC, a significant increase in suicide and attempted\nsuicide occurred in the last half of the year. During the last week\nof December, there were two suicides and twelve attempted\nsuicides. An assessment of the POC, reported that exposure\nto violence and displacement, a sense of hopelessness, limited\nlivelihood opportunities, domestic violence, and congested and\npoor living conditions contributed to suicidal behaviour. MHPSS\nand protection partners identified a number of immediate\ninterventions to respond to the situation, including strengthened\npsychosocial support, hotlines, community sensitization and\nlonger-term strategy to address root causes.\n\n\nWith UNMISS\u2019 decision to close the Melut POC, protection\npartners assisted 637 individuals to find alternative solutions, of\nwhich 562 individuals chose to return or relocate elsewhere and\n75 chose to remain under UNMISS protection by relocating to\nthe Malakal POC. The site was officially closed on 20 December\n2017.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Displacement January to December 2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Jan 2017
SUDAN
301,746
7,754 Upper Nile
Northern Bahr Unity 305,968
el Ghazal 531,689
ETHIOPIA
7,101
Warrap
5,272
Western Bahr 340,653
el Ghazal Jonglei
111,156 Lakes 379,241
123,500
CAR
4,932
Western Equatoria
Eastern Equatoria
106,030 Central 109,857
Equatoria
205,542
DRC KENYA
UGANDA
66,672 656,220 87,784|Col2|Jan to Apr 2017
SUDAN 379,692
7,754 Upper Nile
Unity 277,384
Northern Bahr 534,229
el Ghazal ETHIOPIA
15,251
Warrap
33,462
Western Bahr Jonglei 366,198
el Ghazal 390,173
121,543 Lakes
123,500
CAR
1,639
Western Equatoria
126,835 Central Eastern Equatoria
Equatoria 125,550
176,978
DRC UGANDA KENYA
74,148 852,281 95,283|\n|---|---|---|\n||||\n|9,254
SUDAN
DRC
CAR
ETHIOPIA
UGANDA
KENYA
Apr to Sep 2017
Jonglei
363,399
Upper Nile
223,874
Unity
524,356
Lakes
161,384
Warrap
33,462
Western Equatoria
126,965
Eastern Equatoria
107,235
Western Bahr
el Ghazal
101,337
Central
Equatoria
168,773
Northern Bahr
el Ghazal
67,823
**1,006779**
**424,182**
**380,534**
**10,8813**
**83,266**
**2,008**||9,254
Jonglei
367,912
Upper Nile
219,645
Unity
540,085
Lakes
170,134
Warrap
53,462
Western Equatoria
132,559
Eastern Equatoria
114,125
Western Bahr
el Ghazal
102,821
Central
Equatoria
165,833
Northern Bahr
el Ghazal
28,123
SUDAN
DRC
CAR
ETHIOPIA
UGANDA
KENYA
Sep to Dec 2017
**1,037898**
**772,715**
**421,867**
**111,612**
**88,970**
**2,058**|\n\n\n**Displacement by state**\nSouth Sudan Refugees\n\n\n\nDisplacement to Abyei Area\n\n\n\n< 20,000 20,000 - 75,000 75,000 - 150,000 150,000 - 300,000 300,000 - 550,000\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "within the POC. Rates of violent crimes increased significantly\nbeginning in the second quarter of the year, including attacks\non humanitarian workers that caused temporary suspensions\nof humanitarian activity and the relocation of humanitarian\nstaff residing in the POC. Disputes over payments of WASH\ncasual labourers in the POC forced partners to temporarily\nsuspend garbage collection in the POC in August. The\nincrease in internal criminality motivated some IDPs to leave\nthe site to return to their areas of origin or find improved safety\nelsewhere-around two-thousand IDPs reportedly fled the\nBentiu POC to Leer County in July.\n\n\nIn southern Unity, clashes and cattle raids occurred in\nMayendit, Leer, and Koch counties in the reporting period.\nUNMISS reported that, on 4 May, the Temporary Protective\nArea (TPA) in Leer came under fire and UNMISS forces\nengaged. Clashes were also reported in mid-August in Leer.\nDespite active fighting in the region, there was a reduction\nin the number of settlements reporting destruction of shelters\nas a result of violence with only 11% reporting total or\npartial destruction in November 2017 compared to 99% in\nSeptember. [19, 20] People in Unity continue to face significant\nprotection risks. Men and boys reported that they cope with\nthe increased forced recruitment by spending day time in\nthe bush-26% of assessed settlements reported that forced\nrecruitment was a primary security concern for men. [21] Of\nassessed settlements reporting security concerns for women\n(58%), the main security concern was sexual violence (this is\nfurther discussed in the GBV section of this report). [22]\n\n\n**JONGLEI**\nIn mid-April the SPLA advanced from Yuai into areas previously\ncontrolled by the SPLA-IO in northern Jonglei and ultimately\ngained control of Waat by 26 April. This advance resulted in\nlarge-scale displacement, with 102,625 civilians displaced\nto Lankien and payams in Uror, Akobo, and Duk counties.\nIDPs fled to areas off of main roads that were perceived to be\nsafer. Smaller numbers IDPs went to the Bor POC in addition\nto Ulang, where IDPs began arriving by foot in May. Onward\nmovement of the population toward Akobo was compromised\nby increased inter-communal attacks between the Murle and\nNuer, scarcity of water along the route, and expense of travel.\n\n\nThe impact of displacement on the population in northern\nJonglei stretched scarce resources and was further\ncomplicated by severe food insecurity, cholera, and challenges\nfor humanitarian access in the area. An assessment in\nWechjal, two month after displacement found that the majority\nof IDPs had no shelter and were reliant on wild fruits and\ngreens for food. [23] Proxy GAM rates of children under five in\nthree areas assessed through the Inter-Cluster Response\nMechanism were between 34.5 and 38.9%. [24 ] Sporadic\nclashes around Waat between the SPLA and SPLA-IO, in\naddition to cattle raids, continued through the end of the year.\nForced recruitment of youth by both parties in the area were\nreported. [25] In September, a protection assessment found that\n\n\n\nwould not do so until security improved.\n\n\nIn early May, Bor youth were mobilized and moved towards\nPibor with attacks reported in towns on the Bor-Pibor road to\nthe west of the town. The movement of the Bor youth caused an\nundetermined number of Murle to flee the area, compounding\nconditions in an area affected by drought. First Vice President\nTaban Deng travelled to Bor to address leaders from both the\nDinka and Murle communities and a peace agreement was\nreached on 23 May. The peace agreement was not adhered\nto and there were subsequent attacks by both groups against\nthe other. In attack in November, in Duk, reportedly 44 people\nwere killed, including 6 humanitarian workers, 18 injured, 51\nwomen and children abducted, 567 houses burnt and over\n1300 cattle stolen.\n\n\n**GREATER EQUATORIAS**\nHumanitarian access to areas throughout the Equatorias\nwas limited making it difficult to fully assess the impact of\ncontinued insecurity in the area on the civilian population.\nFighting was reported in the areas to the south of Yei, Magwi,\nTorit, Kajo- Keji, Movolo, Mundri, Maridi, and east of Yambio.\nOn 3 April 2017, SPLA soldiers attacked Pajok Town, resulting\nin the death of an unconfirmed 25 civilians, an unknown\nnumber of rapes, extensive looting, and displacement of\napproximately 30,000 residents. [26 ] By the end of the first\nquarter of 2017, UNMISS estimated that up to 75 percent of\nthe population in Eastern Equatoria had fled and that entire\ntowns were vacated. REACH similarly found that over half the\npopulation had fled from 81 percent of assessed settlements.\nSettlements also reported a disproportionately low presence\nof IDPs (23-29% of settlements) [27] and assessed settlements\nthat were hosting IDPs had a high concentration of IDPs with\nmore than half of households hosting IDPs. [28] This indicates\nthat the majority of displaced people fled to neighbouring\ncountries and corresponds to influxes reported in 2017: there\nwere 354,796 South Sudanese new arrivals to Uganda, and\nKenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo also had\nrefugee influxes. Approximately 17,367 IDPs choose to stay\nin three settlements around Liwolo. The settlements were\naffected in early November when fighting between opposition\ngroups broke out in close proximity, resulting in displacement\nof the IDPs with elderly and mobility impaired individuals left\nbehind. Most IDPs indicated a preference to stay in South\nSudan citing concerns of limited livelihoods in Uganda. [29]\n\n\n**GREATER BHAR EL GHAZEL**\nOn 10 April, according to CTSAMM and the Commission on\nHuman Rights, Lou and Fertit civilians appear to have been\ntargeted by armed men in uniform and civilian clothes, killing\nat least 29 and wounding another 7. [30] Up to 17,000 civilians\nin Wau fled to the POCAA site and more were displaced to\nIDP collective centers across the town. The influx increased\ncongestion in the POCAA site, which had an average of\n5 square meters of land per person\u2014far below the Sphere\nStandard of 45 square meters. [31] Land owners surrounding the\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessed settlements", - "confidence": 0.5787968635559082, - "start": 238, - "end": 240 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6800359487533569, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.7481452822685242, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Wechjal", - "confidence": 0.738865852355957, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9045862555503845, - "start": 350, - "end": 351 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Proxy GAM rates", - "confidence": 0.5434123277664185, - "start": 483, - "end": 486 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Wechjal", - "confidence": 0.7586380839347839, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8929296731948853, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNMISS", - "confidence": 0.6092904806137085, - "start": 824, - "end": 825 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Eastern Equatoria", - "confidence": 0.929045557975769, - "start": 835, - "end": 837 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8195557594299316, - "start": 775, - "end": 776 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6420971155166626, - "start": 775, - "end": 776 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced people", - "confidence": 0.7324230074882507, - "start": 912, - "end": 914 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "To address the congestion issue on 10 July, the HCT\nendorsed a Protection Cluster led, three-pronged strategy\nthat prioritized decongestion of the site by establishing\nconditions conducive for returns in areas of Wau Town from\nwhich the majority of the POCAA population were displaced. [32]\nHumanitarian partners formed a multi-sectoral task team to\nidentify potential to support returning IDPs and coordinate with\nUNMISS on priority areas for increased patrols. [33] From July,\nthe local Government took steps to demilitarize the town and\nincrease the presence of civilian security, with more National\nPolice and National Security manned posts and patrols.\nIn September, the Governor of Wau as well as the military\ndivision were replaced. IDPs began to explore the possibility\nof leaving the POCAA and other collective sites. Returns to the\nmost affected neighbourhoods in southwestern Wau remained\nlimited where there were continued reports of insecurity. The\nprimary reason for return were uncomfortable living conditions\nin the POCAA, improved security in parts of Wau Town, and\nto resume livelihoods and education. The July headcount for\nthe Wau POCAA was 32,427 [34] \u2014a significant decrease from\nthe population high of 39,165 in April. IDPs continued to leave\nthe POC and by the December 2017 headcount was less than\n25,500 individuals.\n\n\nThe majority of new arrivals in the last half of the year to the\nPOCAA and collective sites came from areas outside of Wau\nTown, including Raja and Basillia, the majority citing food\ninsecurity as their primary motivation. [35] Conflict in April 2017\nin Raja, Sopo, and Manyagat resulted in displacement with a\nconcentration of a reported 11,400 IDPs in Deim Zubeir. IDPs\nreported that the most vulnerable individuals with mobility\nimpairment were unable to flee and remained behind.(IPMT,\n\u201cRapid Protection Assessment: Deim Zubeir\u201d September\n2017. Between April and June 2017, sporadic clashes were\nreported in the south of Wau. In clashes in Bazia in April, more\nthan 100 people were reportedly killed and eight women and\ngirls raped. [36 ] Insecurity and proximity to the frontline resulted\nin restricted freedom of movement, impacting access to\nmarkets and crop lands, and was compounded by the lack\nof humanitarian access. This severely compromised food\nsecurity. In August, humanitarians were able access to areas\noutside of Wau after over four months. An estimated 25,000\npeople in the Greater Baggari area were assessed to be in\nconditions of catastrophic food insecurity. The November\nIPC report noted that the area was experiencing famine like\nconditions, where with humanitarian assistance, over one\nin five households had a near complete lack of food and\nstarvation, destitution, and death were evident.\n\n\nDespite a tri-state migration agreement to ease inter-communal\ntension around the cattle migration, related violence continued\nin the greater region. In Warrap, inter-communal clashes also\nescalated between the Apuk and Agok in Gogrial, prompting\n\n\n\n**ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES**\n\nInsecurity remained the primary driver of displacement [37], but\nincreasingly a lack of services and food motivated people\nto leave their homes. Lack of services and food must be\nunderstood within the context of the conflict with the availability\nof services directly impacted by destruction of facilities and\ncrops, widespread displacement, displacement of health and\neducation professionals, and limited humanitarian access.\nAvailability of services, particularly in rural areas, was\npoor prior to the conflict and insecurity largely put a halt to\nthe development of basic services. [38 ] Lack of services and\nassistance also compromise the capacity of host communities\nto support IDPs.\n\n\nThe prolonged conflict has had a severe impact on safe\naccess to arable land, livelihoods, and the economy resulting\nin significant deterioration of food security throughout the\ncountry. In 2013, prior to the start of the current conflict, the\nIPC estimated the population at crisis level and above to be two\nmillion with the vast majority at phase 3. The following year the\nestimated number of South Sudanese facing food crisis had\nnearly doubled to 3.9 million by August 2014, with the majority\nconcentrated in the conflict affected states of Unity, Jonglei,\nand Upper Nile. While the number of people affected by food\ninsecurity changed slightly the following year, the severity of\nfood insecurity increased, with 800,000 at emergency level\nand 30,000 facing catastrophic food insecurity in Unity State by\nSeptember 2015. In 2016, the continued conflict compounded\nby economic deterioration, resulted in nearly one in every\nthree South Sudanese (about 4.8 million people), estimated to\nbe food insecure during the lean season. [39]\n\n\nBy February 2017, nearly 5 million people were estimated to\nbe facing crisis level food insecurity and famine was declared\nin the heavily conflict affected counties of Leer and Mayendit,\nwith over 100,000 people affected. The number of severely\nfood insecure people increased to a record high during the\nlean season to an estimated 6.1 million - approximately\nhalf the population. While famine was adverted by through\nhumanitarian assistance, there were concentrations of people\nfacing famine like conditions in southern Unity and Jonglei\nStates. The 2017 harvest helped to ameliorate the situation,\nand from October to December the number of severely food\ninsecure decreased to 4.8 million. However, lack of cultivation\ndue to insecurity, flooding and army worms resulted in\npoor yields and populations at emergency food insecurity\nlevels had doubled between 2016 and 2017. In 2017, IPC\nprojections estimated over 1.27 million South Sudanese to\nbe facing emergency food insecurity and up to 40,000 people\nfacing famine like conditions around Ayod, Nyirol, Kapoeta,\nand Wau. [40] IPC estimates and projections are tied to the\nassumption that populations will benefit from a significant\namount of humanitarian assistance; however, impediments\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "projections", - "confidence": 0.6888455152511597, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1052 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "populations", - "confidence": 0.7152420878410339, - "start": 1058, - "end": 1059 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The conflict and economic crisis have resulted in further\ndeterioration of access to basic services. Poor health\ninfrastructure, malnutrition, poor WASH services, and\ndisplacement resulted in multiple disease outbreaks, the\nresponse to which was heavily dependent on humanitarian\nintervention. South Sudan experienced the worst recorded\ncholera outbreak with over 20,400 cases across 27 counties\nover six months. A robust vaccination campaign and series\nof WASH interventions largely contained the cholera\noutbreak by December. Less than half of the population has\naccess to improved drinking water and around 90 percent\nof the population do not have access to improved sanitation\nfacilities. [41] In Unity State, 45 percent of assessed settlements\nreported swamps as the primary water source and 93 percent\nresorted to open defecation. [42]\n\n\nMorbidity from malaria increased with 23 counties under\nsurveillance showing above threshold levels in the third quarter\nof the year. In December, an outbreak of haemorrhagic, rift\nvalley fever, began in Lakes State. Of the less than 2000 health\nfacilities across the country, 22 percent are not functional and\nof those that remain operational, 955 are functioning at 10\npercent or less capacity. Limited access to medical supplies,\nvandalism, looting, and displacement of staff broadly affect the\n\n\n\navailability of health services. [43] Lack of health care became the\nprimary reason cited by 40 percent of IDPs for their flight and\nchoice of location in Western Bahr el Ghazal. Of the locations\nwithout health facilities, and the primary reason for no services\nwas that the healthcare facility had been destroyed (in 39\npercent of assessed settlements) and health workers have\nalso been displaced, leaving many of the remaining facilities\nwithout staff. [44]\n\n\nThe deteriorating protection environment and access to basic\nservices was exacerbated by challenges accessing affected\npopulations. Humanitarian access remained a challenge with\nbureaucratic, environmental challenges over the rainy season,\nand security related impediments, limiting timely delivery of\nlife-saving assistance to some of the areas most affected by\nconflict. The deterioration in humanitarians\u2019 ability to deliver\nassistance came as the needs of the population increased.\nThe number of reported access incidents increased by over\n27 percent in 2017, with a total of 1,159 access incidents\nreported, compared to 908 in 2016 and 909 in 2015.\nAccess incidents increased in frequency, but declined in the\npercentage involving violence against humanitarian personnel\nand assets. [45]\n\n\n\nDisplacement Trends Apr2014 - Dec2017 (in million)\n\n\n\n2.4\n\n\n\nRefugee\n\n\nIDP\n\n\n1.1\n\n\n0.8\n\n\n\n\n\n2\n1.93\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1.8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1.5\n\n\n\n1.68\n\n\n\n1.61\n\n\n\n1.35\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1.53\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS**\n\n\nDecades of war and over four years of the current conflict\nhave exposed the vast majority of South Sudanese to violence\nand have severe consequences on the mental health of the\npopulation. WHO estimates that conflict doubles the prevalence\nof mental health issues increasing from approximately 10\npercent to 15-20 percent of the population. WHO estimates\nthat approximately 10 percent of people exposed to traumatic\nevents will develop serious mental health problems and another\n10 percent will develop behavioral issues that compromise their\nability to effectively function. People who experience multiple\nexposures to trauma are more susceptible to mental health\nissues. In addition to exposure to traumatic events as a direct\nconsequence of conflict, other stress inducing circumstances\ncommon in South Sudan, which are particularly severe for\ndisplaced populations and host communities, are inadequate\nshelter, congested living conditions, food insecurity, and lack\nof basic services.\n\n\nConflict can trigger a number of mental health issues the most\ncommon of which are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),\ndepression and anxiety disorders as well as psychosomatic\nproblems, including pain and insomnia. There is a lack of\nsystematic data on the prevalence of mental health problems\nin South Sudan; however, studies have indicated a high\nprevalence of symptoms associated with PTSD. In 2004, a\nstudy found that half of surveyed Southern Sudanese and\n44 percent of Southern Sudanese refugees in Uganda had\nsymptoms consistent with PTSD. Studies conducted in 2015,\nshow similarly high prevalence. A study across six states\nand Abyei found that 41 percent of the 1,525 respondents\nexhibited symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD.\nA 2015 survey of the Malakal POC found the 53 percent of\nrespondents showed symptoms associated with PTSD. [46]\n\n\nThe prevalence of mental health issues is related to the degree\nof exposure to trauma events and the availability of physical\nand social support. Mental health and psycho-social support\nservices are extremely limited in South Sudan. Resilience and\ncapacity to recover from traumatic experiences change over\ntime and are affected by individual, family and community\nfactors. Conflict has increased the proportion of individuals\nhaving experienced traumatic events and displacement have\nfragmented family and community support mechanisms.\n\n\nSymptoms of mental health issues common in conflict affected\npopulations can include feelings of shame, fragmented\nmemories, intrusive memories, self-blame, inability to\nconcentrate, sleep disorders, irritability, anger, anxiety, mistrust\nand avoidance. Poor mental health increases the likelihood\nthat people will engage in destructive behaviour such as selfharm, risk-taking behaviour, and substance abuse and make\npeople more prone to suicidal behaviour. The reported suicide\nrate in South Sudan is 14.3 deaths per 100,000 individuals,\n\n\n\nIn the Malakal POC, with a population of approximately\n24,400 IDPs, a significant increase in suicide and attempted\nsuicide occurred in the last half of 2017. Over the year there\nwere six suicides and 31 attempted suicides. During the last\nweek of December alone, there were two suicides and twelve\nattempted suicides. Reported suicides and suicidal behaviour\nhas been highest among male youth. An assessment of\nthe POC, reported that psychological distress as a result of\nexposure to traumatic experiences was compounded by\na sense of hopelessness, limited livelihood opportunities,\ndomestic violence, and congested and poor living conditions\ncontributing to suicidal behaviour. MHPSS and protection\npartners identified a number of immediate interventions to\nrespond to the situation, including strengthened psychosocial\nsupport, hotlines, community sensitization and longer-term\nstrategy to address root causes.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported suicide\nrate", - "confidence": 0.500288188457489, - "start": 471, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7336111068725586, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.624054491519928, - "start": 517, - "end": 518 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8280678987503052, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Separated Children\n\n\n**10,203**\n\n\nMissing Children\n\n\n**3,934**\n\n\nUnaccompanied\nChildren\n\n\n**2,508**\n\n\nUnaccompanied, Missing and\n\nSeparated Children by Gender\n\nas of December 2017\n\n\n##### **FAMILY TRACING** **AND REUNIFICATION** **(FTR)**\n\nAs of December 2017, 16,645 (7,788 girls,\n8,857 boys) children have been registered\nas separated, unaccompanied or missing\nsince the beginning of the conflict. This report\nprovides an overview of trends and look at the\nachievement of the key indicators developed\nby the UASC Working Group, in the response\nto Unaccompanied and Separated Children,\nincluding the achievements of SCI, UNICEF\nand other implementing partners to identify\nthese children, help build protective structures\nto support them during the period of separation,\nand actively trace families.\n\nOverall, 770 (359 girls, 411 boys) children were\nreunified with their parents in 2017, contributing\nto the 5,342 (2,410 girls, 2,932 boys) children\nto have been reunified since January 2014. The\nreport reflects activities undertaken by close to\n23 implementing partner agencies who together\ncomprise the Unaccompanied and Separated\nChildren Working Group and work across South\nSudan to help reach and protect some of the\nmost vulnerable children in the country.\n\nThe active caseload of Unaccompanied and\nSeparated Children has remained relatively\nhigh compared to cases closed throughout the\nlifespan of UASC working group programmatic\nactivities in 2017. Although specific measure\nhave been put in place to increase the case\nclosures 51% of registered UASC is remain\nactive in database.\n\nThe total UASC caseload of 10,950 (5,047 girls\nand 5,903 boys) has increased notably in 2017\nto 12,711 representing average registrations of\njust 147 new cases of unaccompanied or\n\n\n\nseparated children each month, against an\naverage of 64 reunifications and 78 case\nclosures each month. At the time of reporting,\n79% of UASC on the FTR caseload had received\nat least one Temporary Care Monitoring visit,\nthe trends in which appear less stable than\nother measures found in the above graph\nand tend to reflect issues relating to access,\nsecurity and staffing. Trends in the above graph\notherwise indicate consistent patterns in terms\nof registrations and reunifications, indicating that\nno critical incidents took place to lead to spikes,\nand reflected instead at a concerted effort on the\npart of FTR partners to close cases no longer\nrequiring FTR services.\n\nThe increase number of case closure was led\nby the introduction of case closure guidelines by\nthe UASC Working Group in July 2017, after the\ndevelopment of these guidelines, implementing\npartners was encouraged and closely monitored\non case closure. Specific indicators on case\nclosures will be introduced in 2018 by the UASC\nWG to improve partners performance in this\narea and a better understanding on the cause\nand trends around case closures.\n\nAs of the end of 2017, the average TCM\nconducted per month is more than 198, while\nthe average monthly reunification for 2016 was\nabove 99; the average monthly reunification for\n2017 was above 64. The average number of\ncases closed in 2017 is 77, which is lower than\nthe monthly average closures for 2016, which\nwas 175 closures per month.\n\n\nThe total of 770 children have been reunified\nwith their families in 2017, building on 4,572\nreunifications achieved in 2016 and representing\n14.41% of all reunifications through the lifespan\nof the response.\n\n\n\n5,481\n\n\n\n\n\n1,964 1,970\n1,412\n\n\n\nBoys\n\nGirls\n\n\n\nSeparated Missing Unaccompanied\n\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunification (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Dec2017\n\n\n\n16,645\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "~~Attacks on & military u~~ se\nof schools\n\n**16,501** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\n~~Recruitment and use o~~ f\nchildren\n\n**1,222** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nSexual violence\n\n\n**55** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nInjuring\n\n\n**54** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nKilling\n\n\n**38** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nAbduction\n\n\n**29** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\n\nDuring the 12 months of 2017, the Country\nTask Force on Monitoring and Reporting\n(CTFMR) documented 1,352 incidents\nin South Sudan affecting 30,533 children,\n1,100 incidents of which were verified (8,990\nboys, 8,074 girls, 835 sex unknown) and 252\nunverified incidents affecting 12,634 children\n(6,810 boys, 5,707 girls, 117 sex unknown).\n\n\nCompared to the same period for 2016,\nreports of all grave violations incidents in 2017\nincreased by 25% and almost a 34% increase\nin the number of children reported as affected\nby the incidents of grave violations.\nThe increase is largely attributed to second\nquarter, particularly in the Equatorias region,\nparticularly Central Equatoria and Eastern\n,which, Equatoria continued to experience\nconflict with larger-scale military offensives in\n\n\n\nthe region.\nReports of incidents show an increase the in\nnumber and extent of attacks on schools and\nmilitary use over second quarter.\n\n\nAs with previous reporting periods, the majority\nof verified incidents reported are denial of\nhumanitarian access. However, 2017 shows\na 58% increase in reported (verified) incidents\nof denial of humanitarian access.\n\n\nCompared to 2016, the number of children\nreported as affected (verified) by incidents of\nattacks on schools or military use of schools,\nincreased by 18 % in 2017.\n\n\nCompared to 2016, the number of children\nreported as affected (verified) by incidents of\nsexual violence, decreased by 60 % in 2017.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports of all grave violations incidents", - "confidence": 0.5588406920433044, - "start": 161, - "end": 167 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9861435890197754, - "start": 97, - "end": 99 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6821708679199219, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7102002501487732, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "children", - "confidence": 0.6224076151847839, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Incidents of Grave Child Rights Violations (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Dec2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo. of children affected\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "states plunged into famine, it is noted that food\ninsecurity is a risk factor for GBV, especially\nsexual violence, as it forces women and\ngirls to move out of the protection of camps\nto search for food, exchange sex for food\nor turn to do petty jobs in insecure locations\nwhich increases their risk to sexual violence.\nOngoing displacements, many multiple times,\nhave significantly increased the burden and\nrisk to sexual violence on women and girls.\n\n\nReports of forced marriage increased this year\nto 188 reported cases. Cumulatively since\n2015 to date, a total of 438 girls were reported\nto have been forcefully married by their\nfamilies (83 in 2015, 168 in 2016 and 188 in\n2017). The economic crisis in the country has\ncaused some families to force their daughters\nto marry, in the hope of the family receiving a\ndowry or to reduce the number of household\nmouths to feed. Cattle raids in Western BahrelGhazal and Jonglei have seen girls abducted\nand forced into sex slavery as \u2018wives\u2019 of the\nabductors. A faulty social myth exists that\nearly marriage affords girls protection without\nconsidering the lifelong reproductive health\nconsequences of childhood pregnancy or\nimpact of missed educational opportunities.\n\n\nThe current context with civilians in POCs,\ncollective sites and deep field areas or in\nschools has forced GBV partners to modify\ntheir approaches to include static responses\nas well as mobile responses with temporal\nshelters and work with community members\nfor continuity of service provision. Access\nstill remains a big challenge. Partners in\nKajo-keji now access the IDPs from North\n\n\n\nWestern Uganda in Moyo district which is\nnot sustainable. Most health facilities are\nclosed and looted leaving health partners\nto work in a few primary health care units\nthat are accessible to the IDPs although it is\nquite challenging. This further exacerbates\nthe already difficult conditions of the women\nexposing them to incidences of abuse.\nShortage of water was also reported in some\nof the POCs and other collective sites in Kajokeji in Eastern Equatoria and Aburoc in Upper\nNile. The fact that families are forced to hide\nin the field or bush is very challenging. GBV\nprogramme response has also been curtailed\nby funding gaps for most of the GBV partners.\nThis has hampered continuity of services for\nthe affected community.\n\n\n\n\n\nNumber of GBV Reported Cases (cumulative)\n\nMar2015 - Dec2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||1 - 4|5 - 10|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children for Risk Education (RE) sessions\n(58% of the total audience), working closely\nwith schools and using new ways to engage\nyoung people.\n\n\nAs an integral component of UNMISS,\nUNMAS expanded its explosive hazard\ndetection and entry point control through the\ndeployment of explosives detection dog teams\nin Bor, Malakal, and Wau, while continuing\nits operations in Bentiu and Juba. UNMAS\nfurther supported the Mission to re-establish\nits presence in Akobo, Jonglei and Yei, Central\nEquatoria.\n\n\n\nNew hazardous areas\n\nClosed hazardous areas\n\n\n\n\n\nHazardous Areas - Oct2013 - Dec2017\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1. The impact of the conflict on the civilian population continues to\nbe dire with increases in the number of South Sudanese displaced\nby the conflict and the number of South Sudanese facing growing\nfood insecurity and health concerns. All parties to the conflict must\nabide by International Humanitarian Law and International Human\nRights Law.\n\n\n2. The capability of humanitarians to access affected populations\nis crucial to respond to the growing needs across the country and\nmitigate further deterioration of conditions. All parties to the conflict\nmust commit to facilitating humanitarian access to affected areas and\ndemonstrate respect for humanitarian principles of independence,\nneutrality, and impartiality.\n\n\n3. The crisis in South Sudan remains first and foremost a crisis\nof protection and the worsening food security across the country\nis directly related to the impacts of the conflict. Protection must\nremain central to the prioritization, planning and response to the\nhumanitarian needs in the country.\n\n\n4. All stakeholders should take steps to prevent protracted\ndisplacement, and displaced South Sudanese should be enabled\nto find solutions to their displacement. The Government should\nput in place measures to create sustainable conditions conducive\nto solutions. All stakeholders must respect that solutions for IDPs,\nwhether local integration, return or relocation, must be informed,\nvoluntary, and maintain the safety and dignity of displaced persons.\n\n\n5. The conflict in South Sudan needs a political solution. The\nProtection Cluster calls on parties to the conflict to respect the\nAgreement on the Cessation of Hostilities and demonstrate a\nmeaningful commitment to achieving a political solution.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e5a711aa-a1f5-3411-971f-580f67bafcd2/protection_trends_report_jan_dec_2017_23042018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_897/raw/doc_897_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_897/raw/doc_897_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9e9dbb9f5b6bc4905b1edf8dd1115878a863ad4b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_897/raw/doc_897_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,119 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION UPDATE #1**\n\nJanuary-February 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Key highlights
The Protection Sector reconstituted its Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) at national level, composed of the
UN agencies, international and national NGOs working in the protection sector. The SAG advises on the
strategic directions and priorities of the Sector. The 2023 Strategic Priorities, which will be aligned with the
HRP and the Sector\u2019s multi-year strategy, will be issued in March 2023.
The Protection Sector briefed its membership on the situation in the Gathering Sites in El Geneina, West
Darfur against the backdrop of the State Government\u2019s efforts to encourage IDPs to relocate to places of
former displacement or return to places of origin. The briefing revealed the results of the recently concluded
intention survey among the population, including their concerns which mostly relate to security and access
to services, as well as on the intended next steps to address the situation through an inter-agency approach.
Of note is that an increasing number of IDP gathering sites in El Geneina are facing eviction threats, up from
11 sites at the end of 2022 to 17 sites by the end of February 2023, hosting some 18,000 IDPs.
4th of April is International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action! The Mine Action
operations in Sudan are preparing to commemorate this important day.|The conflict in Blue Nile broke out in July
2022, and forcibly displaced some 128,000
people in Blue Nile, to Sennar, White Nile
and other states (DTM). Many needs remain
unaddressed.
The recent distribution of dignity kits by
UNFPA and partners coordinated through
the GBV AoR in Blue Nile brought much
needed support to adolescent females and
women affected by the conflict.
\u00a9 UNFPA, 2023|\n|---|---|\n|

**Protection Developments**|

**Protection Developments**|\n|Darfur
\u25aa
Tensions in the Abu Gamra area of North Darfur reportedly eased since the clashes in late January.
While no major displacement has been observed, Saraf Omra and Elserif localities of North Darfur saw
continued small-scale arrivals of IDPs from West and South Darfur. Displacement (of some 150
persons) was also reported in late February in Al Firdous locality, East Darfur, following violence that
saw the deliberate burning of several houses.
\u25aa
Several serious GBV incidents were reported in late February in North Darfur (Zam Zam IDP camp) and
South Darfur (Kass locality). Service providers have been mobilized in response.
\u25aa
The deteriorating security situation in Central Darfur has a detrimental impact on access to
humanitarian assistance. For example, following the attack on the Wali\u2019s convoy in mid-February, all
humanitarian movement along the Guldo-Golo road has been suspended affecting the movement of
humanitarian supplies to Wasat Jebel Marrah locality. Efforts are ongoing to remove the suspension.
\u25aa
Several IDP sites have been affected by fires during this dry season, including El Neem camp in East
Darfur, Salah Eldin School Gathering Site in El Geneina, West Darfur, and Dali camp in Tawila, North
Darfur leading to the complete destruction of several houses. Humanitarian assistance alongside
community-based protection measures on fire prevention is provided.
|Blue Nile State
\u25aa
Despite the Framework Agreement on Peaceful Co-existence of 15 Jan 2023, a trust deficit between the
communities prevails and shows in movement restrictions and risk of attack when on the territory of the
opposite community. Two incidents reported resulted in the loss of life, injury, property damage and ensuing
inter-communal violence in Rusayris and Wad Al Mahi. The restrictions and associated risks also impede
access to basic services like education, health, water and markets in these two locations.
\u25aa
In mid-January, a meeting with the Hamaj community in Village 6 in Wad Al Mahi and a SAF official on the
return of the displaced Hausa led to a clash with casualties and ensuing tensions. Although calm was restored,
this incident points to the fluidity of the security situation in Wad Al Mahi and the risk of adding further
complexity to the conflict dynamics.
\u25aa
0n 24 January, the Governor extended the state of emergency throughout Blue Nile State initially declared
in October 2022 giving security forces full authority to intervene and stop the fighting between the two
communities and to restore law and order. This has contributed to impediments and delays in movement
permits for humanitarian agencies hindering access to conflict-affected locations and response to
humanitarian needs of IDPs and affected communities.
\u25aa
In mid-February, Blue Nile authorities unilaterally returned an estimated 16,000 IDPs from Al Gassam school
and Abu El fayed Center in Damazine to Village 8 in Geisan locality. Advocacy with authorities is ongoing on
safeguards in return process, community involvement and coordination with humanitarian agencies.|\n|Kordofan
\u25aa
People internally displaced from Lagawa are struggling to pursue a durable solution, although many
wish to return to their area of origin. However, they report to feel unsafe as the security situation has
yet to improve.
\u25aa
The situation in the northern part of West Kordofan State has destabilized and become volatile after
the youth of one tribe called for their tribe\u2019s supremacy as the only legitimate inhabitant tribe.
\u25aa
In Kordofan States, a birth certificate top-up fee was imposed for parents to obtain a birth certificate
for their children who are one year old above (late registration). This additional fee, not affordable to
many, is translating in parents not seeking the issuance of birth certificates, creating risks for their
children, including potential risks of statelessness.
\u25aa
Children in conflict with law were also reported on the rise due to multiple factors, predominantly
economic difficulties. In January and February, it was reported that children were exposed to forced
recruitment in a significant proportion of all recruits.|White Nile State
\u25aa
The situation of the IDPs who fled the Blue Nile conflict and are currently settling in Khor Ajwal remains
challenging due to significant response gaps across all sectors, including risks for persons with specific needs,
identified through UNHCR\u2019s enrollment exercise, a critical protection intervention, to inform the multi-
sectoral response. The insecure land tenure of the site, however, inhibits needed support and planning. The
uncertainty is daunting for the displaced, many of whom do not view return a viable option in the near future.
The insecure tenure combined with the lack of an alternative could lead to a risk of forced return, which
would expose people to significant harm and could fuel fresh conflict in Blue Nile.
\u25aa
GBV risks due to the poor lighting are also prevalent, while children are particularly at risk to accidents due
to the site\u2019s proximity to the highway, already translating in three accidents with one child killed and two
injured. Medicine scarcity, including for children, also due to the lack of a medicine storage facility in the site,
and the lack of a general food distribution, driving up child labour risks, remain key gaps that need urgent
addressing.|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "intention survey", - "confidence": 0.9506455063819885, - "start": 163, - "end": 165 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.698421835899353, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9622055292129517, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9821433424949646, - "start": 133, - "end": 134 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afba189-d267-4129-a0c6-b7bee3537738/ps_sudan_-_protection_update_jan-feb_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION UPDATE #1**\n\nJanuary-February 2023\n\n\n|Protection Response Updates|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Child Protection
\u25aa
The Child Protection Area of Responsibility of the Sector (CP AoR) currently concluded the survey on
2022 Cluster Coordination Performance Monitoring to identify best practices, constraints and actions
points. This process aims at informing the AoR\u2019s Action Plan on priorities.
\u25aa
As a part of localization agenda, the CP AoR launched a self-assessment on the partner capacity on the
five pillars of localization (governance, participation and influence, partnerships, capacity and funding),
to inform a localization consensus workshop and ensuing action plan.
\u25aa
The CP AoR is updating the user mapping list for PRIMERO CPIMS+ Go Live among the main agencies
providing case management services for children, to be followed by training.
\u25aa
The CP AoR has initiated the monthly reporting of 5ws for the year 2023 with the aim to track timely
and qualitative response monitoring data.
\u25aa
The CP AoR visited Blue Nile state in February to strengthen the sub-national coordination mechanism,
including through 5w training for child protection partners to enhance the quality of reporting. During
the field visit to Shamar where IDPs are hosted, community leaders and social workers identified the
lack of documentation inhibiting access to medical services, lack of schools for IDP children and need
for supplies for the child friendly space as key concerns.
\u25aa
The CP AoR reactivated the Child Protection Working Group at Kassala and conducted a supportive
field mission in February. The CP AoR is currently updating community-based child protection network,
service mapping and mapping of existing child friendly spaces.
\u25aa
In Khor Ajwal IDP site in White Nile, child protection activities benefit some 4,000 children (1800 boys
and 2200 girls), including 22 children with disabilities (9 boys 13 girls). UNICEF is establishing a child
friendly space and handed over newly established waterpoints. Support for teachers\u2019 incentives
remains a need in Khor Ajwal. UNICEF is to set up Accelerated Learning Program Centers for the 643
out of school children (267 boys and 376 girls).|Housing, land and property & civil documentation
Housing, land and property (HLP) is key to the humanitarian response and is foundational to the HDP nexus.HLP
needs critical strengthening as part of the humanitarian response given its importance fur a multitude of other
sectors. Similarly, legal identity and civil documentation is critical to the entire response and requires particular
attention due to the broad range of negative implications of lack or loss of documentation.
In North Darfur (Al-Fasher and Kutum localities) and West Darfur (Geneina and Kreinik localities) states:
\u25aa
3,920 (2848F; 1072M) individuals received information on accessing legal identity and civil documentation.
Of those, 2332 (67% female) individuals received legal assistance support to obtain vital documents, including
national numbers, birth and marriage certificates.
\u25aa
In collaboration with the judiciary, 19 mazoons received capacity building support, in an effort to increase
the number of mazoons in rural areas authorized to issue marriage registration at the communal level.
\u25aa
In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the civil registry, capacity building was provided for 39
midwives. The aim is to link registered midwives with civil registries to enable them to issue birth notifications
for births they support particularly in rural areas with limited access to health facilities.
\u25aa
164 dispute resolution actors comprising of Omdas and Sheiks received training on collaborative dispute
resolution (CDR) methods. Material support was provided to CDR leadership structures in Abushouk, Alsalam
and Zamzam in Al-Fasher locality, North Darfur.
\u25aa
In counselling sessions conducted in North Darfur, El-Fasher locality, the main HLP issues identified by
beneficiaries include lack of housing or inadequate housing and rental support required. In West Darfur, the
main issues raised include loss of HLP assets, multiple claims over land ownership, lack of housing, secondary
occupation, eviction, deprivation of property without compensation and request for land registration. A total
of 146 cases (71F; 75M) were received during this period.
|\n|Gender-based violence
Specialized GBV services, such as the clinical management of rape (CMR), psychosocial support, legal aid,
case management, and referral mechanisms are unavailable in over 61 per cent of localities in Sudan. This
gap in services is further exacerbated by funding shortages as well as the high turnover of trained personnel.
\u25aa
In White Nile, 850 women and girls of IDP and host communities received dignity kits and sanitary
pads, 250 of them are women with disabilities. The distribution was supported by UNPFA in
partnership with CVAW, SAP and State Council for People with Special Needs. In Blue Nile, UNFPA and
partners distributed 1,500 dignity kits in the Kormok and Damazine localities. In West Darfur, UNFPA,
CDF and partners distributed 4,000 such kits based on vulnerability criteria.
\u25aa
To strengthen survivor-centered case management, the GBV Sub-Sector with UNFPA, CDF and
partners, conducted a training in Case Management of 25 case workers in West Darfur. In addition,
new income generation equipment was provided to support the Women and Girls Safe spaces in El
Geneina, West Darfur, where consultations with key GBV responders were held to discuss GBV
response gaps and challenges in the state. UNFPA also conducted a training on PSEA
protocols/guidelines for a prompt, and safe response for 40 GBV Case Workers, Social Workers,
Psychologists, and Medical Doctors in El Geneina, West Darfur.
\u25aa
In Central Darfur state, the GBV response for survivors remained ongoing, including support for
medical treatment, case management and psycho-social support (PSS) for all localities. About 60
women and girls are received PSS, dignity kits. Income generating activities to start small business
supported 63 women and girls in Wadi Saleh, 21 in Aldabbah village, 21 in Umkhir village 21 in Unjikoty
village.|Mine Action
\u25aa
In Blue Nile state a total area of 165,279 m2 of land previously contaminated or suspected to be
contaminated with explosive ordnance has been released for local communities and affected populations. A
total of 419 items have been destroyed in Blue Nile state including 2 anti-personnel mines, 27 antitank mines,
357 unexploded ordnance and 33 small arms ammunitions.
\u25aa
In South Kordofan state a total of 7,654 people including boys, girls, men and women received EORE to
enhance their awareness about the explosives hazard\u2019s risks in their areas.
\u25aa
On 29 January 2023, a child boy was injured in Zalingei in Central Darfur state, as a result of an ERW accident.
\u25aa
In preparation for the 2023 \u2013 2024 operations, the Mine Action program in Sudan has announced a request
for proposals to conduct land release operations. The bidding processes for Explosive Ordnance Risk
Education (EORE) and Victim Assistance (VA) interventions are under discussion.
\u25aa
UNMAS in coordination with the National Mine Action Center (NMAC) under the co-chairmanship of the
Ambassador of Italy and the SRSG is preparing the local Mine Action Support Group (MASG) meeting on 14
March. The MASG meeting is an annual mine action meeting that UNMAS Sudan convenes to sensitize donors
and stakeholders on mine action.
\u25aa
The NMAC in coordination with UNMAS is preparing to commemorate the International Day for Mine
Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action on 4 April, pursuant to the respective declaration by the General
Assembly of 8 December 2005. The Mine Action programme in Sudan is annually celebrating 4 April to raise
awareness about mine action among the impacted populations and mine action stakeholders.
|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "self-assessment on the partner capacity", - "confidence": 0.7950471639633179, - "start": 108, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CP AoR", - "confidence": 0.8612405061721802, - "start": 46, - "end": 48 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "user mapping list", - "confidence": 0.710903525352478, - "start": 163, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CP AoR", - "confidence": 0.9535661339759827, - "start": 158, - "end": 160 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Blue Nile state", - "confidence": 0.5535076856613159, - "start": 239, - "end": 242 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9509822726249695, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0afba189-d267-4129-a0c6-b7bee3537738/ps_sudan_-_protection_update_jan-feb_2023.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_898/raw/doc_898_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_898/raw/doc_898_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a1d36f1935211c8d9dc550e427db88a9821f52be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_898/raw/doc_898_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**ADVOCACY NOTE**\n**ON THE RELOCATION OF IDPS FROM ISS CAMP,NGALA TO LOGUMANE IN**\n\n**BORNO STATE, AND THE PROTECTION CONCERNS**\n\n\n**JANUARY 29, 2024**\n\n**1.Background .**\nIn pursuit of its agenda to end forced displacement, the Borno State Government\n(BSG),conducted the first relocation of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) within the Local\nGovernment Areas (LGA) in 2024 as it relocated 408 HHs of the ISS Camp in Ngala LGA on 20th\nJanuary 2024. The ISS camps host about 41,317 individuals within 10,284 households. Of the\n10,284 households, 488 households were registered by SEMA for return to Logumane, their\nancestral home, as reported. Of the registered number of 488 households, 408 were facilitated\nby the BSG from the ISS Camp to Logumane.\n\nCommendably, on January 7th, The Governor of Borno State had made a blanket distribution\nwhere women received one clothing wrapper and 5,000 Naira, while the men received 25 KG\nbags of rice and maize on that day. In his speech, the governor promised to return Logumane\ncommunity in a week, or at most two weeks. He said he had already built 500 houses at the\ncommunity's location (35 KM from Ngala, sharing a border with Dikwa), and installed streetlights.\nAt the time of his speech, no specific date was given but he mentioned he would prioritize other\nLogumane members returned from Maiduguri, Jere, or Monguno. On January 20, 2024, the\nrelocation took effect without any prior information on the date of relocation.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Arrival in Logumane**\nThe Governor of Borno State arrived in Logumane and assured the IDPs of his support for\nreintegration. The established Local Government Assigned Committee supported the allocation\nof the houses. Men were supported with 2 cows, 2 pieces of clothing (5 yards each), farming\nfertilizers and pest spraying cans, seedlings, 50,000 Naira each, 25Kgs rice and 25kgs Maize.\nWomen were supported with 4 sets of children\ufffd\u00b6\ufffdV clothing (2 for boys and 2 for girls) and 20, 000\nNaira each. Upon arrival in Logumane, married men and their wives were allocated houses, while\nfemale-headed households were yet to be allocated houses on Monday 22 [nd] of January 2023,\naccording to anecdotal information received, the committees are planning to have multiple\nwomen (single-headed households) share a house.\n\n\nThere is a need to understand how families have been selected and what will happen with the\n\ufffdR\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffdR\ufffdJ\ufffdX\ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffdR\ufffdP\ufffdP\ufffdX\ufffdQ\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdH\ufffdV\ufffd\u00b6\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdP\ufffdH\ufffdP\ufffdE\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdH\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\nreturns. Although it is commendable that the BSG was able to deliver assistance and ensured\nsome access to basic services at the start, the criteria used and announcements for relocation\nhave so far been unclear. Transportation in trucks was provided free of charge between the Ngala\nISS camp and the Logumane community area of relocation, but it was not clear if families were\nprovided with support to load their belongings. This is a concern for the vulnerable individuals,\nespecially elderly persons. It would appear as if families were not informed on the exact date for\nthe relocation. At least 1 week before the exact date of relocation could have provided them with\nenough time to prepare their belongings and raise awareness on the different steps of relocation\nprocedures as part of the anticipatory and dignified process. For instance, to ensure a dignified\nreturn, it is recommended that on days of departures, transportation of persons with specific\nneeds will be ensured in the most appropriate manner, medical personnel will be available during\nthe relocation- to respond to medical needs,,and protection partners could be available to monitor\nthe situation and refer vulnerable cases or people in high distress to relevant focal points in order\nnot to feel disoriented or overwhelmed during the relocation.\n\n\nPage | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Support for Sustainable Integration**\n\n\nIn addition to the food, cash and\nnonfood items provided, the MRRR\nconstructed about 500 Shelters with\nfunding from UNDP. The Protection\nSector Northeast (PSNE) appreciates\nthe BSG, MRRR and UNDP for the\nhouses and other support provided to\nthe IDPs to ensure sustainable\nintegration. The UNDP funded project\nalso includes a health facility and a\nPolice post, though not yet functional.\nSome forms of livelihood support have been provided to the population and this has been one of\nthe key past advocacy points of the PSNE which is well received because it helps in reducing\nexposure to protection risks associated with the limited livelihood options available in return areas.\n\n\nPSNE believes that considering sustainable integration, over the medium term, there will be a\nresidual population within each camp that will be unable to return to their Areas of Origin (AoO).\nThese IDPs have the right to continued safety and dignified living conditions and may opt to be\n\nrelocated to another location. IDPs\nunable or unwilling to return will include\npeople with damaged/destroyed\nhouses, those from areas with ERW\ncontamination, those with perceived\naffiliations to armed groups, those with\ntribal bans, those missing essential\ndocumentation, those whose areas are\ndisputed by armed actors, and those\nfrom areas lacking essential services.\nMultiple re-locations of IDPs are\ndisruptive and should be kept to an\nabsolute minimum. Where possible\nIDPs should move only once.\n\n\nPSNE also recommends the timely sharing of comprehensive information among actors when\nthey know about relocations to ensure:\n\n\n\ufffdx Long-term capacity of partners and government for access and protection\n\ufffdx Timely evaluation of existing physical infrastructures and possible gaps or upgrades\nneeded to ensure the sustainability of services in areas of relocation.\n\ufffdx Identification of sectorial partners and government capacity to provide assistance to have\na continuum of care.\n\n\n**Key Protection Concerns**\n\nPSNE appreciates that BSG provided shelter, food items, Non-Food Items (NFIs), and cash\nassistance as part of the reintegration support to the relocated IDPs. However, it underlines that\nto ensure the safety and voluntariness of returns are sustainable, all return decisions would need\nto be made voluntarily and in an objectively informed manner. It is important that communitybased consultations with IDPs, and the provision of detailed information on conditions in potential\n\n\nPage | 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "areas of return be communicated in due time to the IDPs populations to be relocated. Those key\nconsiderations will be highlighted in the document as the relocation that occurred on Saturday\n20 [th] January appear to have found the IDPs unprepared as they were not informed on the exact\ndate of relocation. Below are the key protection concerns for the attention of the BSG as it\nimplements the return of IDPs:\n\n\n\ufffdx **Providing comprehensive solutions:** It is not clear if people have been given\nopportunities to choose whether to be relocated or if other durable solutions options (local\nintegration etc) have been offered in conformity with the SG Action Agenda, to avoid the\npotential of people being unintentionally forcibly relocated to other locations by\ncircumstance as opposed to full consent. Principle 15 of the Guiding Principles on\ndisplacement emphasizes that \ufffd,\ufffd\u2019\ufffd3\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdK\ufffdD\ufffdY\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd _the right to be protected against forcible return_\n_to or resettlement in any place where their life, safety, liberty,_ \ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdD\ufffdO\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdZ\ufffdR\ufffdX\ufffdO\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffd\n\n\nHence,\n\n\n - Every IDP shall enjoy freedom of movement and the freedom to choose her or his\nresidence.\n\n - IDPs, like other civilians, have the right to seek safety in another part of the country.\n\n - The Government shall protect IDPs against forcible return to or resettlement in any\nplace where their life, safety, liberty, or health would be at risk.\n\n\ufffdx **Community involvement** : apart from the visits conducted by the Borno State Governor\non 7 January 2024, where he informed the IDPs that residents of the ISS camp would be\nrelocated, there was no additional information availed to the IDPs indicating a specific\nrelocation date.\n\n\n\ufffdx **Involvement of Humanitarian Actors** : camp closure and relocation is more efficient\nwhen stakeholders (government, humanitarian, and developmental actors) work together.\nRelocation or return does not end the need for protection and assistance and may at times\nlead to more protection concerns if not well implemented.\n\n\ufffdx **Family Unity/Separation:** given the uncertainty of the relocation dates, some IDPs\nmissed the movement due to lack of prior notice, leaving them confused and unsure of\ntheir next steps. Since the relocation of the 408 households, there has been no information\nshared with those who were unavailable in the camp at the time of movement. They are\nstill in the camps and need direction/guidance. Some have relatives who were relocated\nand need to reunite with them. As reported, those left in the camp fear moving out of the\ncamp to engage in their daily activities in fear of missing any possible relocation and which\nis counter-productive to the need to have IDP meaningfully engage in activities and\ndecisions that impact their lives.\n\n\ufffdx **Freedom of movement and safe farming** : like other return areas, insecurity looms large\naround Logumane. The military presence is visible but there is a need to ensure that the\nreturnees can freely move around to engage in safe farming outside of Logumane town\nparticularly considering the recent high level of farmers killed within different areas during\nthe harvest season. Efforts would need to be made to ensure that this is possible and that\nreturnees are not exposed to IEDs, attacked or abduction by Non-State Armed Groups\n(NSAGs) when outside of the town. As reported, tranches are not yet complete, and this\nmakes infiltration by NSAG much easier.\n\n\ufffdx **Mode of transport** : the usage of dump trucks for transporting the IDPs has the propensity\nto create danger and is not in line with the principle of a safe and dignified return process.\n\n\nPage | 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dump trucks could ideally be used for the luggage of the IDPs, and this would mean\nanticipatory dates for camp closures to ensure better transit/ensuring that items are being\ntransported to the area of relocation. Like past relocations, buses are a more dignified\noption than dump trucks.\n\n\ufffdx **Housing Land and Property (HLP)** : IDPs have been moved and allocated houses with\nno clear tenure arrangement (i.e. are they allocated houses as owners, tenants, or\nlicensees). There is no formal HLP documentation ( Right of grant, Certificate of\noccupancy, or any House allocation \ufffdS\ufffdD\ufffdS\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdI\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\u2019\ufffd3\ufffd\u00b6\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdL\ufffdJ\ufffdK\ufffdW\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd It is understandable that the\nIDPs have just been relocated but this need to be considered. There is also information\nthat the 500 Units of houses being constructed to be used in settling the IDPs are not fully\ncompleted and the numbers of the IDP households returned/relocated may exceed the\nnumber of available Houses constructed, so what then is the plan for the excess\nhouseholds? Legal Identity and civil documentation should also be considered for these\n\ufffd,\ufffd\u2019\ufffd3\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdP\ufffdR\ufffdY\ufffdH\ufffdP\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffdW\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffdL\ufffdG\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffd\u00b6\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdH\ufffdF\ufffdX\ufffdU\ufffdL\ufffdWGiven that they are just being\nrelocated, this may not have been considered but is important as they settle in Logumane.\n\n\ufffdx **Mine Action:** there was no humanitarian survey and clearance activities done in\nLogumane as well as in the immediate areas around Logumane. Mine action records\nindicate that this area is impacted by the presence of explosive ordnance, posing a risk to\nthe people in the area.\n\n\n\n\n\nPage | 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key Recommendations**\n\n**To the Borno State Government**\n\n\n\ufffdx Information on the date of relocation should be shared with the relocated population at\nleast a week in advance to ensure that they are prepared, and possible family separation\navoided. Humanitarian actors should be alerted to initiate protection/complaints desks to\nmitigate risks and respond to quarries the population or individuals with protection\nconcerns may have.\n\ufffdx Facilities constructed would need to be fully functional before relocation with all staff\ndeployed promptly. Sustainability of services should be ensured in order not to disrupt\ncurricula for children in schools, medical services etc. We are aware that there is a Health\npost and a Police Post, but these facilities are not fully equipped and functional yet. The\nlack of functioning facilities is a concern and needs to be addressed.\n\ufffdx Unlike the previous relocation where buses were used, this relocation was done using\ndump trucks, with the IDPs boarded along with their luggage. Given the number of\nindividuals boarded per truck and the road condition, we recommend that the dump trucks\nbe used for luggage and buses provided for the IDPs. The usage of dump trucks is unsafe\nand undignified, and the roads seem to be unclear in some parts where a few incidents\nwere reported in the past month due to IEDs.\n\ufffdx Humanitarian survey and clearance of Logumane and the immediate area around it is\nurgently needed to ensure the safe movement of the population outside of Logumane\nwhen needed, including engaging in farming or other agricultural activities and firewood\ncollection.\n\ufffdx To ensure that HLP issues are addressed right at the beginning of the relocation. There\nis a need to ensure that the status of the individuals (owners/tenants) in these houses are\nestablished. This equally needs to be cleared as soon as possible to ensure that possible\nHLP issues are resolved.\n\n**To Donors**\n\n\n\ufffdx \ufffd\u2019\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdG\ufffdY\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdH\ufffdY\ufffdH O\ufffdR\ufffdS\ufffdP\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffdW\ufffdD\ufffdO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdS\ufffdD\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdX\ufffdS\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd** I\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdD\ufffdI\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffdR\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdK\ufffdD\ufffdU\ufffdP\ufffd **\ufffd** W\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdS\ufffdX\ufffdO\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL R\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3\ufffdD\ufffdV\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD **\ufffd** S\ufffdR\ufffdV\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffdX\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffd **\ufffd**\n\ufffdS\ufffdO\ufffdD\ufffdF\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdO\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffdZ\ufffdO\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdD\ufffdN\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdY\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdP\ufffdL\ufffdO\ufffdL\ufffdW\n\ufffdO\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffdR\ufffdW\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW K H\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdE\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdH\ufffd[\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdV\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\u2019\ufffd3\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,G\ufffdH **\ufffd** P **\ufffd** L\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffdG - **\ufffd** ( **\ufffd\ufffd** $ J\ufffdD\ufffdL Q\u2019 **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ **\ufffd** G **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd** D\ufffdW\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG \ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdV\ufffd **\ufffd** D\ufffdF\ufffdN **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\\\n\ufffdP\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdS\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdY\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdX\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\u2019\ufffdR Q\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffdI X Q\ufffdG L Q J\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK H\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdH\ufffdY\ufffdH\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdS\ufffdP\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD **\ufffd** \ufffdD\ufffdG\ufffdY\ufffdR **\ufffd** F **\ufffd** D **\ufffd** F\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd** Q **\ufffd** R **\ufffd** W **\ufffd** H\ufffdV\ufffd **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffdH\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffdX\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdL\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffdX\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffdR\ufffdP\ufffdS\ufffdO\ufffdL\ufffdH\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdZ\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdG\ufffdR\ufffd **\ufffd** Q\ufffdR\ufffdK\ufffdD\ufffdU\ufffdP\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD Q\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd** \ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdL\ufffdU **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdZ\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdE\n\ufffdK\ufffdX\ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdL\ufffdJ\ufffdK\ufffdW\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdS\ufffdS\ufffdU\ufffdR\ufffdD\ufffdF\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffdx \ufffd7\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdP\ufffdR\ufffdG\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdI\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdU\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffdS **\ufffd** R\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdIW\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffdR J\ufffdX\ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdH I\ufffdL\ufffdH\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdD\ufffdI\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdL\ufffdJ\ufffdQ\ufffd **\ufffd** U\ufffdR\ufffdP\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffdJ\ufffdD **\ufffd** O\ufffdD\ufffd **\ufffd**\n\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdW\ufffdX\ufffdU\ufffdQ\ufffd **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffdS R\ufffdO\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdL F\ufffdD\ufffdO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdL\ufffdS\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdF\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdG\ufffdY\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdF\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdX\ufffdS\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd** $\ufffdJ\ufffdD\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd**\n\ufffd%\ufffd6\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffdR\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdZ\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdW\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdQ\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE H V W\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdS\ufffdU\ufffdD\ufffdF\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdF\ufffdH\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdH **\ufffd** D **\ufffd** O **\ufffd** \ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdW\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffdD\ufffdU\ufffdG\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ **\ufffd** O\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffd\n\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdY\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdD\ufffdO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffdx \ufffd6\ufffdX\ufffdS\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffdW\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3\ufffdU\ufffdR\ufffdW\ufffdH\ufffdF\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6\ufffdH\ufffdF\ufffdW\ufffdR\ufffdU\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdH **\ufffd** \ufffdP\ufffdD\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffdU\ufffdL\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffd\n\n**To the humanitarian community**\n\n\ufffdx Given that the population consists of persons with protection needs who were being\nsupported by Protection partners, there is a need to ensure that humanitarian actors are\ninformed ahead of any relocation/movement to ensure protection intervention continuity in\nareas of return to reduce further vulnerability. Currently, interventions in return areas have\nnot been clarified yet. Therefore, a casework/ support plan with the individuals on how to\nminimize further exposure to protection risks will be considered, including liaising with\nindividuals who were members of community-based protection groups for support where\n\n\nPage | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "possible, and remote protection monitoring to ensure liaison with key service providers\neven remotely can be considered.\n\ufffdx Although humanitarian partners do not have access to Logumane, it would be helpful for\nthe populations that have been relocated to have key emergency services of humanitarian\npartners when accessible to ensure proper follow-up and continuity of services that might\nhave been available in the ISS camp (i.e. psychosocial support etc) to get a transit process\nand humanitarian actors should be prepared to give remote support to those IDPs that\nhave been relocated.\n\n**To UNDP**\n\n\n\ufffdx There is a planned post-return assessment by the UNDP and BSG to Logumane to assess\nthe settling in of the relocated IDPs. UNDP needs to ensure that as it collaborates with the\nBSG, there is a need to also collaborate with humanitarian actors to ensure that concerns\nraised by the humanitarian, especially Protection actors are taken into consideration for\nthe betterment of the relocated population.\n\ufffdx Post relocation assessment organized in Logumane should not exclusively be done by\nUNDP and BSG but include other humanitarian actors that have been working with the\npopulation to ensure that we have a more comprehensive understanding of the\n\ufffdS\ufffdR\ufffdS\ufffdX\ufffdO\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdL\ufffdR\ufffdQ\ufffd\u00b6\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffdH\ufffdH\ufffdG\ufffdV\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdV\ufffdL\ufffdQ\ufffdF\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdW\ufffdK\ufffdH\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdZ\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffdH\ufffdO\ufffdR\ufffdF\ufffdD\ufffdW\ufffdH\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffdQ\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffdH\ufffdU\ufffdint/comprehensive solutions.\n\n**To OCHA**\n\n\ufffdx There is a need to urgently take the lead in organizing constructive relocation coordination\ndiscussions with the BSG on the ongoing camp closure and relocation to ensure that\nprotection issues observed in the past relocations do not recur.\n\ufffdx There is a need to revisit the coordination structures related to return and camp closure.\nAdvocate with the BSG to see a need for a voluntary return/relocation committee led by\nthe government and including the affected population leaders, to oversee the\nimplementation of a plan for camp closures. This committee should include\nrepresentatives from humanitarian organizations including representatives from UN\nagencies and INGOs, NNGO and the key Sectors. The committee, among other duties,\nwill coordinate and publicize the schedule of all camps closures from each LGA to ensure\nreturn movements/relocation are synchronized across LGA.\n\n**Way forward for Protection actors**\nDue to the restricted access by Protection partners working with the relocated population in Ngala,\nthere will be no direct intervention in Logumane until advised by UNDSS/INSO. Among the\nrelocated population are members of the Community-Based Structures established in the ISS\ncamp and the Protection partners will continue to support those Community Workers to identify,\ndocument and support those with protection needs as much as possible.\nMine Action partners implementing Explosive Ordinance Risk Education (EORE) will ensure that\nawareness sessions and the distribution of EORE sensitization leaflets are provided to camp\nresidents earmarked for relocation. Radio broadcasts of EORE messaging will also be aired as a\nrapid response. Mine action partners will also work with government agencies to request the\ndistribution of EORE leaflets. These are relevant to ensure that community members are\nsensitized on the risks of explosive ordnance, especially in locations where partners do not have\naccess. Information sharing on plans for relocation is important for this to take place.\nThe PSNE and HLP Partners are available to work along with UNDP, the BSG and MRRR to\nensure that the HLP concerns related to the allocation of shelters are addressed to ensure further\nminimization of HLP disputes among the population.\nThe Protection Sector appreciates the Protection partners in Ngala who contributed to this report\nand the support they continue to provide to the community through members of the CommunityBased Groups that are currently in Logumane.\n\n\nPage | 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bafd95d2-f161-449a-8ed0-424cdde403ac/psne_advoacy_note_on_the_relocation_and_return_of_idps_to_logumane_january_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_899/raw/doc_899_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_899/raw/doc_899_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5d7fb755e3af3034186d0cecd7651a691d9c4659..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_899/raw/doc_899_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "the epicenter of the crisis across the BAY states (Borno, Adamawa and Yobe). The ongoing conflict between the Government\nof Nigeria (GoN) and Non-State Armed Groups (NSAG), as well as among NSAGs continues to pose serious protection risks for\nthe IDP, refugee/IDP returnees and host populations of Borno.\n\nThe search for livelihood opportunities and access to farmlands, especially within Borno state is increasingly becoming\ndifficult, and endangering the lives of the affected population at the cost of attacks and fatalities. NSAGs illegally stop, **attack,**\n**abduct, and kill civilians indiscriminately, especially those going about livelihood activities,** thereby creating significant\nprotection risks for the affected population that is already experiencing high levels of vulnerability. This makes it difficult for\nthe population to be self-reliant or sustainably re-start their lives, despite their will to do so. Protection partners reported\nprotection incidents of attacks on civilians between 1st January and 29th April 2024, affecting a **total of 413 individuals**,\n**including 207 attacks on civilians and unlawful killing of IDPs, returnees, and host community members; as well as 206**\n**abductions, kidnappings, and forced disappearance of men and girls and boys.**\n\n\nThe protection risks requiring immediate attention in the period covered by this analysis are:\n\n**1.** **Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings and attacks on civilian infrastructure.**\n**2.** **Abduction, kidnapping, and forced disappearance.**\n**3.** **Theft, extorsion, eviction, or destruction of personal property.**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTION NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent action is needed to stop emerging negative coping strategies, driven by the increased violence, conflict, food insecurity,\nand unprecedented rising of abuse and exploitation that has been identified. It is of utmost importance that:\n\n- Government-led return and relocation must consider safe livelihood and meaningful access to the means of livelihood.\n\n- Ensure consistent security and safety of the locations of return/relocation as a precondition for relocation.\n\n- Mine clearance in surrounding areas of communities receiving the returned/relocated population and safe access to\nfarmland should be a priority.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NORTH EAST NIGERIA** | April 2024\n\n\n\n**IDP POPULATION** **RETURNEE** **THEFT &** **ATTACKS &** **ABDUCTIONS,**\n**POPULATION** **DESTRUCTION OF** **KILLINGS** **KIDNAPPINGS AND**\n\n**PERSONAL PROPERTY** **FORCED DISAPPEARANCES**\n# **1,804,850 898,942 183 207 206**\n\n\n\n**IDP POPULATION** **RETURNEE**\n**POPULATION**\n\n\n\n**THEFT &**\n**DESTRUCTION OF**\n**PERSONAL PROPERTY**\n\n\n\n**ATTACKS &**\n\n\n\n**KILLINGS**\n\n\n\nFarmers and other civilians going to livelihood activities continue to be illegally\nstopped, attacked, abducted, harmed, and killed primarily by NSAGs, Fulani\nherders, and occasionally by forces associated with the military and government\nforces across Borno state. Notably affected areas are the Bama, Damboa, Gwoza,\nMobbar, and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs). High levels of insecurity\ncoupled with ongoing displacement, limited freedom of movement and livelihood\nopportunities, and low levels of government and humanitarian services have\nworsened the situation of the displaced population across Borno state.\n\n\nWith the conflict ongoing, return and relocation taking place at the same time,\nsafety in several areas of return and relocation remains a serious protection\nconcern. Humanitarian actors do not have access to many of these insecure\nlocations where return/relocation has taken place, and the Borno State\nGovernment is not providing continuous assistance given that the goal is to ensure dependency is reduced and self-sufficiently\nenhanced. On the contrary, the population who are predominantly farmers cannot engage in safe farming or any meaningful\nlivelihood activity due to safety concerns in areas surrounding the towns of return/relocation. The desire to search for\nlivelihood opportunities and access farmlands within Borno state continue to endanger the lives of the affected population at\nthe cost of attacks and fatalities. NSAG unlawful attacks, abduction, and killing of civilians, as well as theft and destruction of\nproperty especially those going about livelihood activities have become prevalent protection concerns.\n\n##### Attacks on civilians and other unlawful killings and attacks on civilian infrastructure.\n\n\nA significant increase in attacks on civilians were recorded between 1st January and 29 [th] April 2024 in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza,\nMobbar (Damasac), and Ngala LGAs of Borno state \u2013 a total of **207** attacks on civilians - a significant increase from **71** incidences\nrecorded in the last quarter of 2023. The attacks affected a total of **413** individuals, resulting in the death of **77** civilians and\ninjuries of **74** individuals. The reported attacks targeted civilians in the bushes whilst they were fetching firewood, on the way\nto their farmland, and in search of mangoes, tamarinds, and baobab fruits. All incidents roughly 5-20 kilometers from Bama,\nDamboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala towns, and were mainly perpetrated by NSAGs, while the military committed\none incident at the Firgi farm outskirts of Pulka town.\n\n\nThe NSAGs are aware that many people are not receiving food assistance in return areas, and the only option for most people\nis to engage in farming, search for metal scraps for sale, collect firewood for sale and domestic use and collection of fruits as\nthe only means of subsistence. NSAGs appear to be primarily interested in pursuing civilians, notably men and women between\nthe ages of 24 and 45 as well as adolescent boys and girls between the ages of 10 and 17. They encircle public spaces where\nthe host community and IDPs have access to frequently gather fruit or firewood from various locations. Tree cutting also seems\nto be an additional trigger, with NSAGs using them as hideouts, putting populations cutting trees at particular risk.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NORTH EAST NIGERIA** | April 2024\n\nMany families rely on venturing into the bush daily to gather firewood, both for their own household needs and to sell for\nincome to support their families. Without adequate support, these communities are trapped in a cycle of vulnerability, forced\nto endure risks to their safety and well-being simply to meet their family's basic needs.\n\n\nThe IDPs living in camps and the returnees living in the host communities have become fearful because of the increasing\ninsecurity incidents, with community members expressing fears of being raped, or killed, or because of the threat of IEDs.\nSome of the victims are traumatized and in psychological and emotional distress, while some of them have engaged in negative\ncoping mechanisms, such as begging, hawking, and survival sex. Women and adolescent girls have been reported to engage in\nsurvival sex, especially IDPs, to be able to meet their basic needs, as they fear attacks and killings if they try to engage in\nfarming or search for livelihood outside of the towns. The attacks and associated fears and safety risks resulted in the\nsecondary displacement of IDPs to other nearby villages and LGAs that they consider safe, with over 600 individuals seeking\nsafety in neighboring camps, wards, and LGAs.\n\n\nIn some LGAs many civilians continue to access the bushes regardless of the security threat because cutting firewood is their\nonly means of livelihood. Those who are unwilling to risk going into the bushes find it difficult to meet their most basic needs.\nSome men, women, and adolescent boys and girls (9-17 years) engage in other jobs, such as cutting stones for sale, and other\nhard labour, including carrying loads at the border to cross to Cameroon, where they are exploited and are paid NGN 500 (\nless than $0.50) or less per day, whereby increasing the risks of trafficking and exploitation.\n\n#### RISK 2 Abduction, kidnapping, and forced disappearance\n\n\nDuring the reporting period, 195 abductions, kidnappings, and forced disappearance of men, girls, and boys were recorded,\nwith the abductions increasingly targeting adolescent girls between the ages of 12 to 17 years. When NSAGs encounter civilians\nwithin the age range of 13 to 40 years boys, girls, men and women, the NSAGs tend to abduct the youngest ones, particularly\nselecting boys and girls between 13 to 25 age range and releasing the others, which would appear to be linked to forced\nrecruitment and use of children into NSAGs. Abductions targeting children between the age of 10 to 17, particularly girls,\nexposes them to heightened risks of gender-based violence. The community members are observed to be living in fear of\nlosing a family member, a neighbor, or an acquaintance. The pervasive fear of abduction also hinders economic activities, with\nindividuals expressing reluctance to engage in livelihood pursuits and resorting to negative coping mechanisms.\n\n#### RISK 3 Theft, extorsion, eviction, or destruction of personal property\n\n\nTheft, extortion, eviction, and destruction of personal property emerged as pervasive protection risks in the community.\nReports revealed 183 reported cases of theft, extorsion, and eviction, including the looting and burning of 77 bicycles, 5\ntricycles, and 1 truck and the stealing of 170 livestock belonging to IDPs, IDP returnees, and the host community. Based on the\ncommunity perceptions, the main reasons for the increased attacks are related to the harvest season. Indeed, NSAGs use the\nstolen bicycles and tricycles for transport and loot the harvested crops such as beans, maize, ground nuts, and rice, planted by\nthe civilian population over the past months to trade them in Cameroon and Madagali.\n\n\nThese protection risks affecting vulnerable civilians have led them to resort to negative coping mechanisms. The impacts of\nproperty-related protection risks extend to economic losses, food insecurity, and displacement. The destruction of personal\nproperty, theft, and restriction of farmers to access their lands, impacts their ability to sustain their livelihoods and exposes\nthem to various protection risks. The forced payment demanded by NSAGs to access farmland adds an economic burden, and\nthe NSAGs have been reported to attack and seize the harvests produced, farmers' bicycles, and other properties that\nparticularly affect vulnerable households. There has been an increase in criminality (stealing of livestock, bicycles, foodstuff,\nand humanitarian community assistance such as solar panels at water points) within the camps.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NORTH EAST NIGERIA** | April 2024\n\n\n**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nProtection partners and the Protection Sector North East Nigeria have carried forward **advocacy on the alarming trend of**\n**attacks on civilians** and unlawful killings, abduction, kidnapping, and forced disappearance and theft, extortion, and\ndestruction of personal property. The government and partners alike acknowledge the fact that security is a challenge and\nremains a priority undertaking for them. The need for protection is echoed in their sentiments but the appreciation of the\ndegree of the state of security is what may be differently appreciated. This in essence enables a common ground of action for\nall actors concerned.\n\n\nSupport for families/individuals with protection concerns continues but at a limited scale to population that are accessible.\nProtection partners continue to use different methodologies including direct protection assistance and through the usage of\ncash for protection response where applicable.\n\n\nProtection partners are conducting continuous sensitization on safety and security, and **Explosive Ordnance Risk Education**\n**(EORE)** for the affected population. Mental health and psycho-social support, legal support, support to women and children,\nand limited-scale livelihood support are provided by Protection partners in Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Ngala and Monguno\nLGAs. Partners are also undertaking referrals and creating linkage with other service providers for cases requiring multisectoral\nservices including food, shelter, and health services.\n\n\nProtection partners continue with other core protection activities such as protection monitoring, protection assessments and\nsurveys, engaging in community-based protection discussions, production of qualitative and quantitative data, and ensuring\nsystem strengthening of core protection areas such as child protection, GBV, HLP rights, Land/Mine Action.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\n\n\nThe primary access challenge identified pertains to the **abduction of IDPs.** These incidents notably impact the safety, wellbeing, and mobility of the affected communities, thereby hindering their access to essential services and resources such as\nfood, firewood, and healthcare. They also impact on the trust of communities to buy into durable solutions and to what extent\nthey can rely on any additional support from anywhere. Civilians exposed to abduction and kidnapping also face obstacles such\nas extortion, threats, and harassment on their way to farms, and experienced threats and demands for payment to access\ntheir farms. Access impediments are also exacerbated by **widespread risk of IEDs planted by NSAGs in farmlands or route to**\n**farmlands**\n\n\nAddressing access-related challenges requires a multi-stakeholder approach, involving security forces, community leaders, and\nhumanitarian organizations to ensure safe passage and protection for civilians, including farmers.\n\n\nAccess to some return communities is also not feasible for many protection partners due to insecurity. The lack of protection\nsupport to individuals in need of continuous protection response in return areas has seen an increased in vulnerability and\nfurther exposure of individuals with protection needs. Given the limited freedom of movement experienced in some return\nlocations, community members do not have access to protection services and protection partners also do not have access to\nthe population. As a way forward, community-based protection structured are being empowered to support in the absence of\nprotection partners.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NORTH EAST NIGERIA** | April 2024\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT**\n\n\n- To ensure the safety and security of IDPs and returnees in the areas they are residing particularly in Bama, Damboa,\nGwoza, Mobbar (Damasak), and Ngala LGAs. Not only in the LGA capitals but the entire LGAs.\n\n- Given the insecurity in surrounding towns of the LGA capitals, ensure an analysis of safety and freedom of movement\nbefore relocating civilians to areas with unsafe surroundings and a prone to attack by NSAGs. This remains important for\na sustainable return as the returnees/relocated population is continuously facing intensified killing and abductions and\nwill eventually relocate to safer locations.\n\n- Ensure the IDPs and returnees\u2019 access to basic services and safe livelihood opportunities to reduce the protection risks\nof the displaced community including the intensified abductions and killings across different LGAs as well as to find\npermanent solutions.\n\n- There is a need to continue upholding basic protection minimums with respect to solutions and take a periodic\nresilience assessment to inform on future return and relocation plans, to strengthen this aspect and ensure sustainable\nand impactful returns that enable people to positively transform their lives.\n\n\n**HC and HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY**\n\n\n- Advocacy and provision for safe livelihood opportunities and income-generating activities apart from farming and\nfetching firewood and local fruits in the bushes.\n\n- Advocacy to CMCOORD for engagement in bilateral dialogues with the military commanders in the LGAs affected to\naddress the increased tension and the military role to reduce the civilian's exposure to NSAG attacks.\n\n- Ensuring that the centrality of protection remains a key feature of humanitarian engagement in the NE of Nigeria\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- Increase their support to Protection partners particularly Child Protection and GBV partners to reach a large number of\nIDPs and returnees in need of CP and GBV services including those particularly affected by recurrent NSAG abduction\nand killings.\n\n- Support for the Protection Sector and partners to ensure the provision of targeted safe livelihood options to reduce the\naffected population's exposure to NSAG attacks, killing, and abductions.\n\n- Reinforce HDP nexus linkages for a comprehensive response and sustainability of solutions.\n\n- Support investments in security as a corollary of IDP protection and solutions.\n\n\n**PROTECTION SECTOR and PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Advocacy and provision for safe livelihood opportunities and income-generating activities apart from farming and\nfetching firewood and local fruits in the bushes.\n\n- Advocacy to Mine Action partners to organize additional EORE sessions and provide training for security personnel and\ncommunity members on mine action, as the NSAGs could plant IEDs in farmlands or route to farmlands and have\nupdated maps on locations that are at risk.\n\n- Advocacy to the Food Security sector for food assistance to the persons affected by the NSAG attacks as the reduction of\nfood beneficiaries and lack of assistance is a pushing factor for the households to rely on firewood collection and farming\nin insecure areas to feed their families.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**NORTH EAST NIGERIA** | April 2024\n\n- Sensitization and awareness-raising sessions on the effects of child labor and child/forced marriages, parenting behaviors,\npositive coping mechanisms, and effects of theft in the community as a mitigation measure.\n\n- Evidence-based qualitative periodic reports on the evolving protection situation in the NE of Nigeria.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nProtection Incident Reporting, Protection Monitoring Reports, Focus Group Discussions, and Key Informant Interviews\nconducted by Protection partners were utilized to analyze the incidents affecting civilians. Protection Incident Reporting\nand Protection Monitoring Reports are major protection tools that provide rich information on the detailed description of\nthe incident, persons affected and situation/impact of those affected, their primary rotection needs, and support required,\nplus recommendations to help mitigate related harm witnessed and reported.\n\n\nTo reinforce the analysis of the information gathered through the reporting tools, Protection Monitors conducted different\nFGDs and KIIs on the protection incidents that have been occurring during the reporting period.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nProtection monitoring data and information obtained in this Protection Analysis Update is limited to areas that are\ncurrently accessible by humanitarian actors in Borno state Northeast Nigeria. The qualitative data predominantly focused\non information related to the attack on farmers and its related Protection risks and impacts specifically to Bama, Damboa,\nGwoza, Mobbar, and Ngala LGAs in Borno state, Northeast Nigeria. Expert opinions and data analysis and consultations\nwith key Protection actors were carried out to ensure accurate and evidence-based data.\n\n\nFor further information please contact: **Ramsey Bryant** - **[bryant@unhcr.org](mailto:bryant@unhcr.org)** | **Emma Wynne** - **[wynne@unhcr.org](mailto:wynne@unhcr.org)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "qualitative periodic reports", - "confidence": 0.6881648302078247, - "start": 48, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "NORTH EAST NIGERIA", - "confidence": 0.826180100440979, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Reports", - "confidence": 0.7235821485519409, - "start": 71, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection monitoring data", - "confidence": 0.9058587551116943, - "start": 187, - "end": 190 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Monitors", - "confidence": 0.7440009713172913, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Borno state Northeast Nigeria", - "confidence": 0.6210127472877502, - "start": 210, - "end": 214 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f7e6a9c8-4b86-46a1-a3a2-22a15cdc1e4c/psne_attacks_on_civilians_brief_protection_analaysis_update_april_2024_final_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_9/raw/doc_9_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_9/raw/doc_9_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f67061658c233066f97c548505d3990c4c917032..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_9/raw/doc_9_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,563 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## Lebanon Akkar Governorate Profile (June 2015)\n\n#### **GENERAL OVERVIEW**\n\nNorth Lebanon, which previously constituted one governorate with seven districts, was split into two governorates in\n2014: Tripoli and five surrounding districts (T5) maintained the denomination of North Governorate, while the district of\nAkkar became a governorate in its own right. Akkar Governorate, which covers 788 km2, is one of the most deprived rural\nregions in Lebanon and shares a 100km border with Syria. Akkar is divided into three main areas; Al-Sahel, Middle and\nHigher Dreib. There are 27 villages along the border with Syria, with two official crossing points: El Aarida and El Aaboudieh. Akkar is predominantly Sunni with Christian, Alawite and Shiite communities. The average altitude is at 700m above\nsea level while the peak of the Governorate is situated at 1,900m. Inter-agency coordination and sector coordination\nmeetings for Akkar take place in Qobbayat.\n\n\n\n\n#### **POPULATION OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **SOCIO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **CHANGES IN CONTEXT JANUARY TO JUNE**\n\nAkkar has suffered from the spill-over of the Syria conflict into Lebanon through cross border shelling which was at a\nheight during the fighting of \"Krak des Chevaliers\" in March 2014 and reduced economic/commercial activities. The main\npocket of insecurity in Akkar is in Wadi Khaled and the border areas. Wadi Khaled continues to be an area of concern for\nhumanitarian agencies and requires a specific security clearance to access the area manned by a checkpoint.\n\n\nFollowing a period of armed conflict in October 2014 between LAF and I/AOGs, and a spike in asymmetric attacks\ntargeting LAF, the security situation in Akkar became relatively stable due in large part to an increase in LAF/ISF\noperations. During this period the safety & security situation in Akkar was largely dominated by factors contributing to\nthe inhibiting context, as well as reports of adverse weather (roadblocks due to snow), and interpersonal disputes.\nAlthough SAF remains in control of the border area west of Homs (Syria), cross-border shooting and shelling from Syria\ncontinues to occur on a regular basis, particularly affecting the Minjez-Aboudiyeh highway. The perceived socioeconomic\nand security impact of the crisis has also contributed to a high rate of civil unrest which occasionally results in the\ndisruption of aid delivery.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b89d131c-2b21-3099-805f-245f1137ba38/10072015_AkkarGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **HUMANITARIAN AND STABLIZATION TRENDS**\n\nDue to the drastic increase of population as a result of the Syria crisis, basic services and infrastructure are now considered\na common and priority need all over the governorate, this includes water, electricity, solid and water waste management\nand public roads. The lack of shelter has also been particularly affected by the crisis. Wadi Khaled continues to be an area\nparticularly deprived and has suffered from the breakdown of commercial trade with Syria.\n\n\nPoor infrastructure is causing an increase of tensions between host and refugee communities. A study conducted in one\nof the villages in Akkar before and after implementation of infrastructure work, indicated a positive change in the\nperception of people towards each other, the community leaders and public sector in addition to an increase of sense of\ntrust, safety and hope.\n\n\nPublic institutions including schools and public health centers need more support to provide better services to more\nbeneficiaries. Competition in the labor market remains a trend in Akkar governorate especially in the construction field\nbetween Lebanese and Syrians. This varies from a village to another as each has its own specifications.\n\n\nSocial interaction between communities has improved since December. However, some have reported more negative\nLebanese/Lebanese relations. 82 per cent of people in Akkar reported no violence in their area and 80 per cent reported\nthat resource strain leads to social tension in their community.\n\n\nA recent assessment revealed that both Lebanese and refugee communities identified employment as their top priority\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|needs. This finding is consistent with data from VASyR
percentage of Syrian refugee households (49%) that did
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among different actors is increasing and joi
of reduced resources.
MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, five of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 localities are also considered
pressure where the ratio of refugees to deprived Lebanes
or more.
Informal Tented
Settlements
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Informal Settlements|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Col17|Col18|Col19|Col20|Col21|Col22|Col23|Col24|Col25|Col26|Col27|Col28|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
**Informal Tented**
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Mhamm|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
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**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm|||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
**Informal Tented**
**Settlements**
~~El Aa~~
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Mhamm|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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**Settlements**
~~El Aa~~
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**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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**Settlements**
~~El Aa~~
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percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
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municipalities.
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of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
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vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
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Mhamm|||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
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municipalities.
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of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
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vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
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of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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Mhamm||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|needs. This \ufb01nding is consistent~~ with data from VASyR~~
percentage of Syrian refugee ho~~useholds (49%) that did~~
Interventions with municipalities through the Mappin
municipalities.
Coordination among di\ufb00erent a~~ctors is increasing and joi~~
of reduced resources.
**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
~~P~~
~~Informal Settlements~~
There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
or more.
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~~El Aa~~
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municipalities.
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**MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES**
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There are 32 vulnerable localities in Akkar, \ufb01ve of whic
vulnerable. Eleven of the 32 loca~~lities are also considered~~
pressure where the ratio of refu~~gees to deprived Lebanes~~
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**Aakar**
Mhamm||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\n\n#### **HUMANITARIAN ACTORS**\n\n\n\n**50 UN Agencies and NGOs operating in Akkar**\n\n\nABAAD, AEC, AJEM Lebanon, ANERA, ARCPA, Beyond, CCP JAPAN, CLMC\nLebanon, CONCERN, CYC, Danish Red Cross, DRC, FAO, Heartland, HI, Himaya,\nHWA, IA, ILO, IMC, IOCC Lebanon, IOM, IQRAA, IR Lebanon, IRC, IRD, Leb Relief,\nLebanese Red Cross, LFPADE, Makassed, MAP-UK, MoSA, MS Lebanon, MSL\nLebanon, NRC, Pal_Scouts, Palestinian Scouts & Guides Association, PU-AMI,\nRelief & Reconc, RI, SCI, SFCG, Solidarit\u00e9s, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNRWA, URDA,\nWCH, WHO\n\n\n\nKey contacts\n\n\n\n**UNHCR** Monica Noro, noro@unhcr.org **UNDP** Alain Chatry, alain.chatry@undp.org\n**Ministery of Social Affairs (MoSA)** Ziad Nadri, ziadnadri@gmail.com\n\n\n**Akkar Governor** Mr Imad Labaki\n\n\n\n**Disclaimer:** The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.\n**Data Source:** Lebanese Population - Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) year 2002 dataset, Poverty data: CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and Household Budget Survey 2004-5,\nSyrian Refugee Population - UNHCR as of 30/06/2015, Humanitarian Intervention Data - Activity Info as of 30/06/2015, Palestinian Refugee Population- UNRWA, Lebanese Returnees data IOM as of 30/06/2015\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Informal Settlements", - "confidence": 0.8391588926315308, - "start": 1300, - "end": 1302 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from VASyR", - "confidence": 0.8118394613265991, - "start": 1480, - "end": 1483 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mappin", - "confidence": 0.6825160980224609, - "start": 1512, - "end": 1513 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from VASyR", - "confidence": 0.7751677632331848, - "start": 5274, - "end": 5277 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.7684582471847534, - "start": 5276, - "end": 5277 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugee", - "confidence": 0.7995523810386658, - "start": 5284, - "end": 5286 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from VASyR", - "confidence": 0.8416889309883118, - "start": 9095, - "end": 9098 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from VASyR", - "confidence": 0.8504514098167419, - "start": 12889, - "end": 12892 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "VASyR", - "confidence": 0.6193898320198059, - "start": 12891, - "end": 12892 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data from VASyR", - 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"start": 70448, - "end": 70449 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian Refugee Population", - "confidence": 0.614885151386261, - "start": 70450, - "end": 70453 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b89d131c-2b21-3099-805f-245f1137ba38/10072015_AkkarGovernorateProfile.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_90/raw/doc_90_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_90/raw/doc_90_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c93ab7610ce1ff4c91a83ad6a9540a91c625989a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_90/raw/doc_90_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,390 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 241**\n\n# **Refugee children\u2019s** **participation in protection:** **a case study from Uganda**\n\n\n**Anna Skeels**\n\n\n\nCentre for Migration Policy Research,\n\n\n\nSwansea University\n\n\n\nUnited Kingdom\n\n\n\nEmail: annaskeelsie40@gmail.com\n\n\nAugust 2012\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates,\nas well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on\nrefugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR.\nThey are also available online under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\n\u201cDear reader wherever you are, I would like to take this opportunity to tell you about\nchildren\u2019s life in refugee camps. There are still children who are not capacitated yet to have\nself-esteem to talk about issues which concern them, to ensure the community and the world\nprovides both moral and material support and help to solve their problems which they are\nfacing. I would love to see agencies/organizations which deal with children protection\nensures that seminars and campaigns are conducted in order that children are capacitated to\nbe able to express their problems and to be heard.\u201d [1]\n\n\n\nThis voice of a child from a refugee camp is an appropriate place to start for a paper on\nrefugee children\u2019s participation in protection.2 It introduces some key issues.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nIt introduces some key issues.\n\n\n\nFirstly, it tells the reader that there can be problems involved in refugee children\u2019s\nparticipation in protection in a refugee camp context. It suggests that refugee children in\ncamps may have protection concerns but may not be able (or may lack the self-esteem) to tell\npeople about them. It also suggests that humanitarian organisations may not always\nnecessarily be providing the right support for these children or enabling them to express their\nproblems and to be heard.\n\n\nSecondly, it indicates that there might be a relationship between child participation and\nprotection \u2013 the suggestion being that if refugee children are capacitated to talk about their\nissues and concerns, that this might help them to get the protection that they need.\n\n\nThirdly, it says something about methods, approach and environment. It introduces the\nprocess of refugee children being able to talk to adults wherever they are and adult capacity\nto appropriately engage, support, listen and respond.\n\n\nFinally, it suggests that children value their right to participate, the opportunity to express\ntheir views and to be heard, and that they see themselves as having an important contribution\nto make to their own protection and to that of their peers.\n\n\nFor UNHCR, the protection of children, including their participation, is an area of growing\nconsideration and concern. There is a whole raft of UNHCR policy and guidance published in\nthe late 1980s and 1990s relating specifically to the protection of refugee children, most of\nwhich at least makes reference to child participation. [3]\n\n\nAlongside this, an increasingly community-based approach and the more recent introduction\nof UNHCR\u2019s Age Gender and Diversity (AGD) policy in 2011, specifically engaging\ndifferent and diverse populations of concern, has fostered a more participatory approach to\nprotection within UNHCR as a whole.\n\n\n1 Children\u2019s International Peace Prize Winner 2009: Baruane E. Ndume, 16 years old, Nyarugusu Refugee\nCamp (Tanzania), available online at: http://childrenspeaceprize.org/2010/05/31/childrens-life-in-refugeecamps/\n2 A child is defined here in keeping with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990) as every human\nbeing below the age of eighteen years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier.\n3 See, for example: UNHCR Ex Com Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) on \u2018Refugee Children\u2019 (1987); UNHCR\nHandbook for the Protection of Women and Girls (2008); UNHCR Guidelines on Refugee Children (1988);\nUNHCR Policy on Refugee Children (1993); UNHCR Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care\n(1994) and UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child (2008).\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Despite an increasingly explicit policy commitment towards the protection of children,\nhowever, an external evaluation of UNHCR\u2019s child protection function in 2002 identified\nsignificant organisational barriers in practice (Valid International 2002). The evaluation\ncritiqued an assumption within UNHCR that the traditional approach to protection could\nautomatically meet the needs of children and emphasised that children\u2019s specific views had to\nbe increasingly incorporated into the organisation\u2019s understanding and delivery of its core\nprotection work (Valid International 2002:9). The evaluation report recommended that\nUNHCR work increasingly with children as \u2018partners\u2019, further supporting their participation\nin the identification and fulfilment of their own protection needs (Valid International\n2002:60).\n\n\nIn June 2012, UNHCR published A Framework for the Protection of Children, a document\nwhich, in some ways, responds to the 2002 evaluation. Building on previous policy\ndirectives, the Framework affirms the centrality of children\u2019s protection to UNHCR\u2019s\nmandate, emphasises that child participation is \u201cintegral to\u2026protection\u201d and advocates \u201cchild\nfriendly procedures\u201d as a way of working to better meet children\u2019s specific protection needs\n(UNHCR 2012:9). The Framework also underlines children\u2019s resourcefulness and capacity to\ncontribute to their own protection.\n\n\nIn the Framework, UNHCR presents a broadened approach to child protection \u2013 protection\nfor all children of concern rather than specific categories of children. The Framework is\nbased on and advocates for a systems approach to child protection which consists of multisector components and \u2018includes actions for all duty bearers at all levels \u2013 family,\ncommunity, national and international \u2013 to mitigate and respond to the protection risks\nchildren are facing.\u2019\n\n\nWithin the systems approach, all functions and actions are interrelated, \u201cnothing operates in\nisolation\u201d and \u201call actors contribute to the comprehensive protection of children.\u201d For\nUNHCR, this broadened, systems-based approach marks an \u2018institutional shift\u2019 in the way the\norganisation approaches the protection of children (UNHCR 2012:12).\n\n\nThe sheer demographics of displacement included in the Framework document - that 46% of\nrefugees and 56% of people in camps are children- make the argument alone for UNHCR to\nsignificantly redirect and reshape its work on protection to specifically meet the needs of\nthose under the age of 18, often the majority of its population of concern (UNHCR 2012:7).\n\n\nGiven this clear and current directive to broaden UNHCR\u2019s protection of children and make\nit increasingly more participatory and child friendly, it is important to explore children\u2019s\nparticipation in their protection in a refugee camp context in practice. [ 4]\n\n\nTo what extent are refugee children being capacitated by UNHCR and its implementing\npartners to be able to express their problems and to be heard? Is the participation of refugee\nchildren viewed as integral to and essential for their protection? How are refugee children and\ntheir capacity viewed in relation to their participation and protection and how do children\nview themselves? Are the methods, approach and environments used by UNHCR and its\npartners accessible and appropriate - friendly - for children?\n\n\nTaking Kyaka II refugee settlement in Uganda as a case study, this paper draws on one\nmonth\u2019s fieldwork to map refugee children\u2019s participation in protection in a camp setting.\n\n\n4 The term \u2018camp\u2019 here is used in its broadest sense to also encompass refugee settlements.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "evaluation report", - "confidence": 0.9596332311630249, - "start": 93, - "end": 95 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7290408611297607, - "start": 94, - "end": 95 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.8003162145614624, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2002", - "confidence": 0.9984875917434692, - "start": 25, - "end": 26 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kyaka II refugee settlement", - "confidence": 0.5895945429801941, - "start": 578, - "end": 582 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8590513467788696, - "start": 583, - "end": 584 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children", - "confidence": 0.9893465638160706, - "start": 495, - "end": 497 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Based mainly on semi-structured interviews with UNHCR and partner staff and participatory\nworkshops with refugee children (aged 6-16 years), this paper explores the extent to which\npractitioners are supporting and encouraging children\u2019s participation in their protection\nresponse, as well as the views and experiences of refugee children on participation in their\nown protection.\n\n\nWhilst this paper is predominantly concerned with practice in a case study context, analysed\nin relation to current UNHCR policy, there is also room for more conceptual considerations\nand for situating the research from the field in terms of other relevant literature and debate.\n\n\nThe paper begins, therefore, by introducing some wider issues in relation to children\u2019s\nparticipation and protection in a humanitarian context and draws out four conceptual themes\nfor further consideration. Some context is then provided on the protection of refugee children\nliving in Kyaka II as well as a brief outline of the methods and ethical issues involved in the\nresearch.\n\n\nThe views and experiences of refugee children and practitioners are then presented and\nanalysed in relation to the four themes as well as the UNHCR Framework. The paper\nconcludes with some reflections on practice in terms of the participation of refugee children\nin their protection and, drawing on suggestions from children and practitioners in Kyaka II,\nmakes some recommendations for change.\n\n\n**Wider debates on the participation and protection of children**\n\n\nThere is an extensive and significant body of literature \u2013 both academic and grey \u2013 on child\nparticipation and the relationship with child protection, including in a refugee context. Whilst\nonly a limited discussion is possible here, given the scope and remit of this paper, it is still\nuseful to reflect on in relation to the current policy directive from UNHCR as well as what\nchildren and practitioners are saying in Kyaka II. It raises some interesting questions and\nareas for further consideration.\n\n\nSelected as of particular interest and relevance here are the debates in the literature on: (1) the\ngap between the rhetoric and practice of child participation (2) the importance of child\nparticipation for effective child protection (3) how the child is viewed or conceptualised in\nrelation to their participation and protection (e.g. as competent, vulnerable or a mixture of\nboth) (4) spaces of child participation \u2013 where and under what circumstances and conditions\nchildren are able to participate in their protection and where they are not.\n\n\nReturning to the quotation at the beginning of this paper, the first point to make is that there\nis recognition in the literature of the \u2018problem\u2019 in practice of children\u2019s participation and the\nchallenges involved. Shier defines children\u2019s participation as a \u201ccomplex, multi-dimensional\nprocess\u201d, with multiple inherent tensions (Shier 2010:24). He also writes that the right to\nparticipation is the \u201cmost radical and far reaching\u201d of children\u2019s rights but also \u201cthe most\nviolated and disregarded in almost every aspect of children\u2019s lives\u201d (Shier 2001:108).\n\n\nFor Cockburn, good practices in child participation remain exceptions rather than routine\n(Cockburn 2007:248). James writes about \u201cpatchy participation,\u201d where the increased\nrhetoric about children\u2019s voices is combined with the reality that children are silenced in their\neveryday lives (James 2007:261), whereas Sinclair is concerned about which children are\nparticipating (and which are not) and how child participation can lead to lasting change\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(Sinclair 2004). Finally, Lansdown suggests participation is still in an experimental phase\nand that there is much work to be done by adults to help children to articulate their lives,\ndevelop strategies for change and exercise their rights (Lansdown 2001:1).\n\n\nThis literature on the gap between the rhetoric and practice of child participation is useful in\nrelation to the UNHCR Framework and our case study context. The current UNHCR policy\nshows clear, strategic support for all children\u2019s participation in their protection. Through the\ncase study, it is important to explore the willingness and ability of practitioners on the ground\nto encourage and support children\u2019s participation as well as refugee children\u2019s actual\nexperiences of participation in their own protection.\n\n\nDespite the challenges and tensions involved, there are strong proponents of children\u2019s\nparticipation in their protection and of a positive relationship between participation and child\nprotection. Powell and Smith, for example, state that the \u201ctrue protection of children requires\nall rights, including their participation rights, to be respected\u201d (Powell and Smith 2009:137).\n\n\nLansdown also makes this point, but more specifically in relation to children\u2019s protection\nfrom abuse: \u201cdenying children a voice encourages impunity for abusers\u201d and that children\nneed to be able to share their views and concerns with those with the authority to take\nappropriate action (Lansdown 2001:3) .\n\n\nFor refugee children in particular, Liden and Rusten argue that their participation can be\ncrucial for determining child specific forms of persecution such as forced marriage,\nkidnapping and military recruitment and for their access to international protection (Liden\nand Rusten 2007:273-5). This, in turn, can have a bearing on longer-term protection\nresponses or durable solutions, essential decisions about the degree of protection they will\nhave access to in their future lives.\n\n\nFinally, in relation to psycho-social protection, participation is viewed by some as central to\nchildren\u2019s mental well-being and recovery from negative experiences in the past: \u201cFor many\ngirls and boys the process of involvement (which must be undertaken in a supportive and\nunderstanding environment) can help children explore past experiences and regain confidence\nfor the future. At its best, participation can be an important tool out of victimisation, passivity\nand silence\u201d (Terre des hommes 2008:49)\n\n\nThis literature, then, presents a broad view of the relationship between participation and\nprotection \u2013 incorporating protection from abuse, psycho-social protection and international\nprotection for refugees. The overall indication throughout is that, if allowed to participate,\nchildren can become less vulnerable and better protected. This argument, as we have seen, is\nincorporated into the UNHCR Framework which views child participation as integral to and\nbeneficial for protection. Through the case study, it remains to be seen whether this position\nis matched by the views and experiences of refugee children and practitioners in Kyaka II.\n\n\nThere are, of course, opposing voices to the argument that child participation is beneficial for\nchildren\u2019s protection. This other literature emphasises the vulnerability of children, including\nrefugee children, and the protection risks they face and views child participation as a further\nthreat that these children must be protected against.\n\n\nCritics of this view focus in particular on its conceptualisation of the child: a child that is\ndependent, incompetent, vulnerable, and without responsibility (Matthews and Limb 1999)\nand which involves an age stage developmental perspective on childhood (Powell and Smith\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "2009:125). Children, they argue, are viewed as having nothing different or particular to\ncontribute; in this view, they are just \u2018less than\u2019 adults.\n\n\nFor Johnson and others, there is a growing recognition that, counter to this conceptualisation\nof the child, \u2018vulnerable\u2019 children in situations of crisis are able and willing to participate in\ntheir own protection (Johnson 2010:184). Theis and Thi Huyes (Johnson, Ivan-Smith et al.\n1998) have explored the strategies children use to protect themselves, to fight or evade\nexploitation and abuse.\n\n\nPridmore (Johnson, Ivan-Smith et al. 1998:159) has considered the resilience of children in\nemergencies as well as their vulnerability and the extent to which voicing their life stories can\nhelp them amidst displacement. Hart comments that: \u201cThere is a growing understanding\namong academics and practitioners that children are not simply victims who must be\nprotected or rehabilitated but are also actors who, even in the midst of widespread violence\nand upheaval, may have a valuable role to play\u201d (Hart 2002:36).\n\n\nIn relation to refugee children in particular, Clark provides a nuanced view of young refugees\nand their vulnerability in her study of Congolese young people in Uganda. Clark argues that\nadults depend on children and young people to undertake a variety of tasks, placing them in\nroles and positions of competence and responsibility and that \u201cassumed vulnerable\ncharacteristics do not hold true\u201d for all refugee children \u2018in all circumstances at all times\n(Clark 2007:285-6).\n\n\nSimilarly, for Lowicki, the notion that war-affected adolescents might be excluded from\nparticipating in the systems that are there to protect them and not be involved in any\nmeaningful decision making processes is \u201cabsurd and belittling\u201d. These adolescents, she\nmaintains, are thrust through conflict \u201cinto adult roles prematurely, becoming soldiers,\nmothers and fathers, heads of households, husbands and wives, principal wage earners and\nmore, with extremely limited support\u201d and, like Clark, she argues for a more contextual view\nof vulnerability in relation to the refugee child (Lowicki 2002:33-34).\n\n\nThis more contextual conceptualisation of the child is a more productive starting point for a\nconsideration of refugee children\u2019s participation in their own protection than one that views\nthese children as essentially vulnerable in all cases and at all times. As we have seen, the\nUNHCR Framework recognises the protection risks faced by refugee children but also their\ncapacity and potential for helping to protect themselves.\n\n\nIt is important to explore, through a consideration of the research, how refugee children in\nKyaka II view themselves, how they are viewed by the refugee community and how\npractitioners talk about refugee children, their vulnerability and potential. How refugee\nchildren are seen and responded to can be crucial for their ability to participate in their own\nprotection.\n\n\nThe final area of debate selected as of relevance here is one on the \u2018spaces\u2019 of child\nparticipation i.e. where, under what conditions and to what degree children are able to\nexpress their views and concerns and have them taken into account. Ansell reflects on\nchildren\u2019s participation and suggests that it tends to be restricted to the small-scale \u2013 \u201climited\nto the micro-geographies of children\u2019s everyday encounters\u201d (2009:192) - ignoring wider\npolitical, social and economic processes that have a very real impact on children\u2019s lives.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As an alternative, Sinclair argues for a culture of children\u2019s participation \u2013 not just isolated\nexamples of participatory practice \u2013 and access to all of the adult spaces that this implies\n(Sinclair 2004). Johnson argues that we need to look more broadly in terms of spaces for\nchildren\u2019s participation \u2013 beyond \u2018children\u2019s clubs\u2019 (which have their value) to the wider\nsocial and political environment around (Johnson 2010).\n\n\nIt is important to explore children\u2019s participation in protection in a refugee settlement context\nand whether it is restricted to certain spaces and scales. For example, the concept and practice\nof Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) has become commonplace in emergency child protection\nprogrammes, including in refugee contexts. UNICEF defines CFS as \u201cplaces designed and\noperated in a participatory manner, where children affected by natural disasters or armed\nconflict can be provided with a safe environment, where integrated programming including\nplay, recreation, education, health, and psychosocial support can be delivered and/or\ninformation about services/supports provided\u201d (UNICEF 2010:9).\n\n\nWhilst UNICEF stresses that CFS are as much about a programmatic approach as the\nphysical qualities of a particular space, CFS are often viewed and operated in practice as\ndistinct protective spaces in tents or temporary structures where children\u2019s views and\nopinions can be heard.\n\n\nFor Hart and Khatiwada, we must be wary of children\u2019s participation which takes place in a\nbox, restricted to particular spaces or areas of concern (Hart and Khatiwada 2003:25). Given\nthe demographics of displacement and the argued importance of participation for refugee\nchildren\u2019s protection, it would seem that a much broader understanding of a participatory and\nchild friendly space is needed in the refugee camp context. As we have seen, the UNHCR\nFramework talks about child friendly procedures. Through the case study, it is important to\nreflect on refugee children\u2019s protection as a whole and the degree to which it can be viewed\nas participatory and child friendly space.\n\n\nFrom this brief introduction to the literature on child participation and protection, we are left,\nthen, with four areas for further consideration in relation to the research. Some context on\nKyaka II and information on methodology and ethics are first provided before these four\nareas and the data from the field are discussed in more detail.\n\n\n**Kyaka II: history, context and refugee protection**\n\n\nKyaka II is a protracted refugee settlement located in South West Uganda, established in\n1983 as part of the Ugandan Government\u2019s relocation of Rwandan Tutsi refugees into distinct\nsettlements. Since the early 1980s, Kyaka II received Rwandan Hutu refugees, refugees\nfleeing conflict in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and a small\nnumber of refugees from the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia and Somalia). In 2005/6 a major influx\nof refugees from the DRC more than trebled the population of the settlement from 5,000 to\nover 17,000 inhabitants. [5]\n\n\nAs a settlement rather than a camp, Kyaka II reflects the Ugandan Government\u2019s policy on\nself-reliance of refugees, which contrasts to that of some of its neighbouring states. Refugees\nin settlements in Uganda are given a plot of land to build a home, land to cultivate and, in\n\n\n5 Most of this section\u2019s information came from an informal interview with the settlement Commandant and was\nthen cross-checked with other sources.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "keeping with increased self-sufficiency, food rations are decreased over time (except for\nthose who are considered most vulnerable and in need of sustained support). Refugees are\nencouraged to income generate from other livelihood activities and are free to engage in\nemployment both within and outside the settlements.\n\n\nIn terms of refugee protection, OPM (the Office of the Prime Minister, Ugandan\nGovernment) and UNHCR take a joint lead, working with other humanitarian partners and\nthe refugee community. In keeping with its international obligations, the Ugandan\nGovernment leads on refugee settlement, physical protection and security.\n\n\nAs elsewhere, UNHCR takes a rights-based approach and has the mandate for the\ninternational protection of all refugees. OPM and UNHCR work in partnership on\nregistration, resettlement and other aspects of the refugee protection process. A team from\nOPM in Kampala \u2013 the Refugee Eligibility Committee (REC) \u2013 is responsible for conducting\nthe Refugee Status Determination (RSD) interviews in the settlement.\n\n\nWith respect to partnerships, GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit)\nhas been UNHCR\u2019s main Implementing Partner (IP) in Kyaka II since its inception,\nmanaging sectors including Livelihoods, WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene),\nCommunity Services, Community Development and \u2013 most importantly here - Protection.\nUntil the end of 2011, GIZ was also delivering programmes in Education and Health.\n\n\nOther partners in the settlement include the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Samaritans\nPurse, Windle Trust, African Humanitarian Action (AHA), Finnish Refugee Council (FRC),\nRight to Play and the Ugandan Red Cross. Refugee Welfare Councils (RWCs), as well as a\nrange of refuge committees and bodies, exist at different levels within all nine zones and 26\nvillages in Kyaka II and at an overall co-ordinating role to ensure refugee participation in\nsettlement management and affairs and to contribute to refugee protection.\n\n\nSo what, then, of the protection of refugee children? Almost half of the population of Kyaka\nII are children under the age of 18. Of these children, some may have arrived with their\nfamilies to the settlement or come as separated [6] or unaccompanied children. [7] Others were, of\n\ncourse, born in Kyaka II.\n\n\nProtection concerns relating to these children include finding foster families for\nunaccompanied and separated children (UASC), SGBV (Sexual and Gender Based Violence),\nchild labour, trafficking of children to work as maids or house guards elsewhere in Uganda\nand lack of awareness of children\u2019s rights in the community including access to education.\nRefugee children also, of course, bring a range of protection issues with them from their\ncountry of origin.\n\n\nFor UNHCR, the protection of children encompasses: \u201cprotecting and advocating against all\nforms of discrimination; preventing and responding to abuse, neglect, violence and\nexploitation; ensuring immediate access to appropriate services; and ensuring durable\nsolutions in the child\u2019s best interests\u201d (UNHCR 2012:8).\n\n\n6 Separated children are those who are separated from both parents or from their previous legal or customary\nprimary care giver but not necessarily from other relatives.\n7 Unaccompanied children are those children who are not accompanied by parents or any other relatives or cared\nfor by any other adult responsible by law or custom for doing so.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Status Determination", - "confidence": 0.9886271357536316, - "start": 166, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RSD", - "confidence": 0.7511960864067078, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In keeping with this definition, practitioners in Kyaka II described their child protection work\nin terms of distinct posts, structures and activities for preventing abuse and discrimination as\nwell as a stretched protection process through which all refugees move: \u201cSo the protection\nneeds to stretch out: it starts from receiving them, listening and considering the cases that\nwould meet the criteria for the granting of asylum in Uganda, to trying to settle them so they\nintegrate, to special needs....\u201d\n\n\nAlthough there is no post dedicated to child protection in Kyaka II, UNHCR and partner staff\ndeliver on the protection of refugee children in a range of ways in keeping with this\ndefinition. For example, in terms of tackling discrimination, GIZ promotes equal access to\neducation for children with disabilities and provides additional support (for example, school\nbooks and stationery) to child headed households (CHH) and orphans and vulnerable children\n(OVC). A fostering system provides protection and care for children without parents or\nguardians.\n\n\nWith respect to preventing and responding to abuse, neglect, violence and exploitation, GIZ\nand UNHCR have established specific posts, structures and mechanisms both in schools and\nin the community to enhance the protection of children. All schools have a male and female\nteacher responsible for child protection, SGBV clubs have been established in primary\nschools and Child Welfare Committees in the community, random child protection spot\nchecks are carried out to monitor child welfare in foster homes, schools and other locations\nacross the settlement and there are community sensitisations and campaigns (for example the\nannual \u201816 Days of Activism\u2019) on protection as a whole.\n\n\nFor immediate access to appropriate services, both UNHC and GIZ, working in partnership\nwith agencies like NRC or Samaritans Purse, provide essential food and non-food items\n(NFIs) and for refugee children\u2019s basic needs.\n\n\nFinally, in terms of durable solutions for refugees, the options in Kyaka II are either\nvoluntary repatriation or resettlement. Local integration has not been actively promoted\ngenerally in Uganda, attributed to the \u201cperceived resource burden that accompanies refugees\u201d\n(Hovil and Dryden-Peterson 2003:2).\n\n\nHowever, integration is currently being considered for Rwandans living in Kyaka II since the\n1990s due to a Cessation Clause, ending their refugee status. [8] Protection tools, such as the\n\nBID (Best Interests Determination) and BIA (Best Interests Assessment) procedures, though\nnot used solely in relation to durable solutions, are employed by UNHCR and partner staff to\nguide decision-making and to determine the best interests of the child.\n\n\n**Research methods and ethical considerations**\n\n\nThe field research for this paper was funded by a UNHCR Small Grant with welcome support\nfrom UNHCR, GIZ and OPM offices, both in Kampala and in the settlement itself.\nInvaluable assistance in terms of liaising with the refugee community and engaging children\nin the research was provided by Theogene Mujyanama, Baguma Fiston and Kandole Salatiel.\n\n\nAn additional two months\u2019 field research in Kyaka II has also been supported by the\nHumanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), focusing predominantly on practitioners\u2019 and\n\n8 The Cessation Clauses set out the only situations in which refugee status properly and legitimately granted\ncomes to an end.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "children\u2019s views on innovation in relation to participation and protection. The results from the\nadditional period of field research are to be published elsewhere. [9]\n\n\nThis paper draws on five semi-structured interviews and a participatory mapping workshop\nwith practitioners. The interviews with practitioners focused on their role and remit in\nrelation to child protection, their views on refugee children\u2019s participation (what is possible,\nimpact of culture, gaps and barriers) and what constitutes a child friendly space, as well as\ntheir ideas for improvement and change.\n\n\nThe workshop involved activities to explore where different individuals stood in relation to\nviews, experiences, knowledge and practice of child participation, as well as mapping out a\npicture of organisational practice and opportunities for children to participate in their\nprotection across the settlement. All of the interviews and the workshop were conducted in\nEnglish.\n\n\nThe paper is also based on eight participatory workshops conducted with groups of refugee\nchildren (aged between six and sixteen) from four of the nine zones in the settlement. Two of\nthe workshops were conducted with children attending school; the remaining four were with\nthose not at school, including newly arrived children living in the Reception Centre in Kyaka\nII. Each workshop engaged between 8-10 children and lasted 2-3 hours.\n\n\nThe term children, as has been mentioned already, has been used in this paper in keeping with\nthe UNCRC definition of every human being below the age of eighteen, a group which is of\ncourse very diverse. Separate workshops were run with 6-10 year olds and 11-16 year olds to\nreflect at least in part children\u2019s diversity and different ways of communicating about their\nprotection concerns.\n\n\nWhilst all workshops were game and activity based, younger children\u2019s workshops involved,\nfor example, puppet making whereas the older children produced thematic posters to aid\ngroup discussion on protection. Overall, the methods chosen were child friendly, with the\nability to more quickly and easily engage with children. The methods created a more\ncomfortable and enjoyable environment for children to be able to communicate their opinions\nand views and promoted a more positive participatory experience for those involved. [10]\n\n\nChild participants for the workshops were recruited by two refugees working as Community\nProtection Workers who also worked closely with the researcher to deliver the workshops\nand support the children involved. A translator, experienced in working with children, was\nrecruited from the refugee community to specifically support the children\u2019s workshops for the\nperiod of the research. The children\u2019s workshops were led in English and translated into\nKiswahili, Kinyarwanda, Kikongo, Lingala or other community languages from the DRC.\n\n\nObservation was also undertaken to complement the interviews and workshops held and to\nenable children\u2019s participation to be viewed from multiple perspectives. In particular, the\nresearcher was able to observe some of the refugee protection processes and spaces in the\nsettlement, for example the Reception Centre and the RSD interviews with the REC (Refugee\nEligibility Committee). A research diary was kept to record reflections and observations\n\n\n9 Please refer to HIF online profile for further publications \u2013\nhttp://www.humanitarianinnovation.org/projects/small-grants/CMPR\n10 For literature on participatory research with children and use of child friendly methods, see for example\nO\u2019Kane, C (2008), \u2018The development of participatory techniques: facilitating children\u2019s views about issues\nwhich affect them\u2019.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "semi-structured interviews", - "confidence": 0.5175849795341492, - "start": 36, - "end": 38 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "settlement", - "confidence": 0.5324508547782898, - "start": 146, - "end": 147 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.5724599361419678, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "participatory workshops", - "confidence": 0.7513628602027893, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.8669859766960144, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research diary", - "confidence": 0.9870826005935669, - "start": 554, - "end": 556 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "record reflections and observations", - "confidence": 0.7821394205093384, - "start": 559, - "end": 563 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DRC", - "confidence": 0.802272379398346, - "start": 487, - "end": 488 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "throughout the period in the field and several debrief meetings were held with support\nworkers to benefit from their particular input and views.\n\n\nThe methods chosen for research with refugee children were deliberately participatory. As\nsuch, many of the issues arising from the research - which is about refugee children\u2019s\nparticipation - are also relevant for how the research is conducted itself. For example, the\nbarriers faced by refugee children in relation to their participation in the settlement day-today \u2013 demands on their time and availability; adult and cultural attitudes restricting their\naccess to opportunities \u2013 also faced children wanting to engage in the research.\n\n\nSimilarly, the questions posed to humanitarian workers about their practice \u2013 how child\nfriendly it is, whether feedback is given to children, whether children have adequate and\nappropriate information \u2013 are also relevant for the research. As a result, an important part of\nthe approach to the research is to be as reflexive as possible and to address these issues as\nthey arise.\n\n\nFinally, it is important to say something about the ethics of the research, in particular in a\nrefugee camp setting where children, their protection and participation are involved. There\nare a whole range of ethical considerations to take account of here, including: the power\ndifferential between adults and children and how this affects their ability to engage; the\ndegree to which children are able to give informed consent to participate in the research;\nensuring that the research does no harm (either in terms of children\u2019s well-being - talking\nabout their protection concerns - but also in terms of making them more \u2018visible\u2019 as a group\nand more vulnerable in the settlement as a result); maintaining a good quality participatory\nprocess and being aware of the importance and influence of culture and context. Whilst space\ndoes not allow further elaboration here, the author has written elsewhere about an ethical\napproach to child participation and what this means in practice.\n\n\n**Mapping children\u2019s participation in protection**\n\n\nMany examples were provided by practitioners of opportunities for children to give their\nviews and opinions on their protection in the settlement. One respondent echoed the quotation\nat the beginning of this paper when she spoke about how children were being capacitated in\ndifferent ways to talk about their protection problems and concerns: \u201cWe have a number of\nactivities\u2026 that are designed to build the capacities of these children; to empower them with;\nlike a child to be able to say what they feel they are not happy about, without any fear.\u201d\n\n\nThe map provided by practitioners showed avenues for children to participate in protection at\nchurch, at home, in school, in the community through the RWCs, and through organisations\nworking in Kyaka II, including health services and the police. Specific examples included\nchildren\u2019s clubs, for example SGBV and ARC (Action on the Rights of the Child) clubs in\nschools and Child Welfare Committees in the community, play-based consultations with\nchildren through Right to Play, children\u2019s representatives on community committees (two\nunder 16s representatives on each) and participatory sessions for children on protection issues\nsuch as early marriage, sex, defilement and rape.\n\n\nAs well as these specifically targeted activities, practitioners also spoke about a more open\nand continuous approach to monitoring children\u2019s protection and getting their views and\nconcerns: \u201ca routine activity, anytime we go to the field\u2026I might find myself passing by\u2026it\ncosts nothing for me to say 'hi how are you people doing?\u201d\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Whilst the examples above focused more on child protection in relation to prevention of\ndiscrimination, violence and abuse, practitioners also spoke about children\u2019s participation in\nthe refugee protection process as a whole. In particular, participatory protection assessments,\nBest Interests Determination (BID) and Best Interests Assessment (BIA) were mentioned.\n\n\nParticipatory assessments are one of the tools used by UNHCR and its partners to implement\nthe Age Gender and Diversity (AGD) policy, engaging differently with multiple and diverse\ngroups of refugees to draw out their particular protection perspectives and concerns. In Kyaka\nII, one respondent commented that they had really tried to capture the views of children as\npart of these assessments and that an assessment \u201cusually\u2026finds out the issues.\u201d These issues\nwere then fed into the protection planning process: \u201c'We use it to design our activities\u2026 we\ntalk to all categories of children: the disabled, the ones in school, the ones out of school\u2026 the\nnew arrivals.\u201d\n\n\nThe BID and BIA are protection tools used by UNHCR and its partners to guide the decisionmaking process in relation to particular children. A BID is defined as the formal process with\nstrict procedural safeguards designed to determine the child\u2019s best interests for particularly\nimportant decisions affecting the child. A BIA is an assessment made by staff taking action\nwith regard to individual children, except when a BID procedure is required, designed to\nensure that such action gives a primary consideration to the child's best interests.\n\n\nPractitioners in Kyaka II emphasised the participatory nature of the BIA and BID as\nprotection tools: \u201cBID or BIA is all about having the child at the centre of the decisionmaking. We don't have to force or impose - it is up to them.\u201d The BID, practitioners\nmaintained, gave children the opportunity to make their own decisions about issues as\nimportant as foster care or resettlement to another country: \u201cIt is upon the child to say 'yes, I\nam okay with this\u2019.\u201d\n\n\nFinally, as part of their mapping process, practitioners also identified certain roles as being\nabout child participation. Community Protection Workers \u2013 refugee incentive workers\nemployed by GIZ \u2013 talked about how they were working in the zones to give the children the\nchance to talk and that children tell them the problems they are facing. Within UNHCR,\nCommunity Services were viewed as the main point of contact for the child \u2013 \u201c'they're the\nfirst people in contact with the refugees\u201d \u2013 and practitioners also felt that children were aware\nof those responsible for child welfare directly: \u201cthey know that, okay, we have the Protection\nSector, GIZ; we have these kinds of persons who handle these kinds of problems.\u201d\n\n\nWhilst children in their workshops did not provide such a detailed map of participatory\nstructures and mechanisms \u2013 they did not mention clubs or committees, for example - many\nwere clear on certain adults or groups of adults that they could talk to about their protection\nconcerns. Children mentioned parents, teachers, matron, local councillors, community\ngovernors, Chairman, police, family, elders, as well as GIZ and UNHCR (\u201cbecause they are\nresponsible for us and can help us\u201d) and gave examples of where these adults or organisations\ncould help: \u201cIf you are being disturbed by a certain man and he becomes a barrier to you, you\ncan go to the police if need something and don't know where to get it.\u201d\n\n\nOf the children engaged in the workshops, the older children and those attending school were,\nas would be expected, those who were most clear on where they could express their views\nand concerns and who they could go to for protection. They were also the best informed on\nagencies like UNHCR and GIZ and the support they could provide: \u201cWhen you go to\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR they help you build a certain house and keep you there while you get a guardian.\nGIZ take you to school if you don't have place to study.\u201d\n\n\nWhilst children and practitioners were able map examples of where refugee children could\nparticipate in their own protection, they also identified gaps. Younger children were much\nless aware of opportunities available to them and felt reliant on a circle of support that was\nmuch closer to home. For example, one group of 6-10 year olds were only able to name\nfather, mother, uncle, aunt, brother, friend, neighbour as the people they could talk to about\ntheir protection concerns.\n\n\nMost of these younger children were not aware of UNHCR or GIZ, or had only seen them\npassing by in a white vehicle but not talked to them. They were unsure about these\norganisations\u2019 roles, particularly in relation to protection: \u201cthey play with children and give\nthem food\u201d; \u201cthey receive you, write your name and give you food for emergency\u2026 you go\nto school and get to study for free.\u201d Some of the younger children talked about not knowing\nthese organisations and fearing them as a result.\n\n\nChildren not attending school and those more newly arrived in Kyaka II and living in the\nReception Centre also seemed less sure of who they could talk to about their protection\nconcerns. They were also unsure what would happen if they did: \u201cHe is a newcomer and an\norphan with no parents. No ration card. New and doesn't know someone to tell his problems.\nCan\u2019t get results if talk about it or get answer. Don't trust people outside. Don't know GIZ or\nUNHCR\u2026 even if tell someone, can't solve that problem.\u201d\n\n\nPractitioners were also aware of gaps in their own practice and how their way of working\nmight present barriers to children\u2019s participation in their protection. Issues raised included\nchildren not being aware of their right to participate and a lack of participatory points\nspecifically available for children to be able to present their protection views and concerns:\n\u201cWe concentrate mostly on adults and leaders\u2026Most of the children, they have no idea\u2026\nwhat they can or they can't or, you know, they just don't understand\u2026 nobody really educates\nthem on \u2018this is your right and this is what you can decide and this is what you basically are\nentitled to\u2019.\u201d\n\n\nWhilst there was an awareness that some participatory mechanisms and structures were in\nplace, practitioners were concerned that these mainly reached children in school or older\nchildren and that for other children, opportunities for participation were limited. Even where\npractitioners felt children were able to participate, there were concerns that these children did\nnot receive feedback on the consequences of their participation: \u201cWe always go back to the\ncommunity and inform them what we have finally come up with, based on their decisions,\nbut I think the children are still left out of this feedback\u2026 because we choose the leader as\nthe contact.\u201d\n\n\nThis map of children\u2019s participation in their protection in Kyaka II, based on the combined\nviews of refugee children and practitioners, is interesting in relation to the earlier discussion\non rhetoric and practice. Child participation can be patchy, for all sorts of reasons, and it is\nimportant to be aware of and able to focus in on the gaps in order to address them. The\nmapping process in Kyaka identifies some of these gaps: for example, in terms of which\nchildren are least able to participate (younger children, those newly arrived or those not in\nschool), posts which might be less equipped to listen to children\u2019s views and aspects of a\ngood quality participatory process (for example, feedback to children) which are missing.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The gaps are also important to articulate in relation to the directive in the Framework, which\nadvocates for participation as integral to the protection of all children and views all actors as\ncontributing to the protection of children as part of a systems approach. In this sense, having\ngroups or categories of children who are more excluded from participating in their protection\nor practitioners who feel that child participation and protection are not part of their role are\nareas that need further attention.\n\n\n**Relationship between child participation and protection**\n\n\nChildren in the workshops were not asked explicitly about a link between their participation\nand protection but, through their comments, showed the importance of communication about\ntheir concerns and access to particular adults and organisations for their protection and that of\ntheir peers. Lack of protection for a child was often expressed in terms of not having\nsomeone to tell their problems to.\n\n\nFor the practitioners interviewed, a fundamental connection between refugee children\u2019s\nparticipation and protection was clear. Children being able to speak out or talk about their\nviews meant that the practitioner knew where to begin from in terms of protection and what\nwould make children feel comfortable and secure.\n\n\nPractitioners emphasised in particular a positive relationship between child participation and\npsycho-social protection. Child participation was viewed as essential so that children\u2019s\nnegative experiences were not \u2018carried\u2019 and so that they could release whatever it is that they\nare holding inside. Whilst practitioners were mindful of refugee children\u2019s vulnerability at\ncertain points and times, they stressed the importance of participation for children\u2019s mental\nhealth and well-being.\n\n\nOne respondent provided a very powerful example of this in relation to a group of refugee\nchildren she had worked with: \u201c\u2026they came to the forest\u2026 and they told them \u2018now we have\nto kill one of you otherwise the army will kill us, so now you decide who we\u2019re going to kill\u2019.\nNow if you have a child who needs to go through this decision and who survives the whole\nprocess\u2026 unless the person comes up and starts talking about it\u2026 in thirty years\u2019 time, he\u2019ll\nstill be traumatised.\u201d\n\n\nPractitioners also focused on the link between children\u2019s participation and an effective\nrefugee protection process. They referred in particular to the practice of interviewing\nprincipal applicants and how this, and the limitations of time, could mean a child\u2019s views and\nprotection concerns might not be heard.\n\n\nSome powerful examples were given in interview to demonstrate this. For example, one\npractitioner described how a seven year old boy had fled alone, having witnessed his father\nbeing slaughtered and his cousin raped. The boy then joined his mother in the settlement.\n\n\nThis protection information had only been disclosed by the practitioner having gone to talk\nseparately to the boy: \u201cI asked the mother: \u2018what is wrong with the child?\u2019 and that\u2019s when\nshe goes: \u2018He fled after we came some time. I don\u2019t think\u2026 mentally, he\u2019s not okay, he has\nmood swings, he keeps quiet\u2019\u2026. My point is, if we hadn\u2019t gone down to ask this boy, no one\nwould have known\u2019.\u201d\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In another example shared, of a 12 year old boy who was being tortured by his father, only\nthe adult or principal applicant had been engaged, not the child, with significant\nconsequences. The practitioner described how the child must have been angry inside but that\nthere had been no time to talk to the children during the processing of the family\u2019s asylum\ncase, to go deep. The child committed suicide: \u201cwe lost a child because of this.\u201d\n\n\nThis issue of taking up the principal applicants and lack of time to talk to children was also\ncommented upon by other respondents. Practitioners were very concerned and conflicted\nabout their lack of time or ability in some cases to be able to talk properly to and adequately\nengage refugee children: \u201csometimes I get swallowed up into it\u2026 because I don't have the\nluxury, because I have to work at a certain speed to meet with the demand and the numbers\nso sometimes I may not really have that luxury of speaking with these children.\u201d\n\n\nRespondents were aware that, although protection tools such as the BID aim to facilitate\nchildren sharing their views and concerns, those who are without BIDs may not be given that\ncrucial opportunity: \u201cIn some situations where BIDs are not needed\u2026 the child may witness\nsomething the parents may not witness and if we don't sit down to talk to these children, we\nshall miss that information. Sometimes they go out; whatever they saw is carried forward.\u201d\n\n\nThere is the sense, then, amongst practitioners that although protection tools such as the BIA\nand BID enable the child\u2019s views to be heard, other aspects of the refugee protection process\nare not so participatory and other children are not necessarily reached, with important\nconsequences for their protection: \u201cBIAs and BIDs is an area where the children participate\nmaximally\u2026 we take into consideration interests there, the opinions and choices of the\nchild... but refugee, that process, no.\u201d\n\n\nIt is interesting to see that the broad and positive relationship between children\u2019s participation\nand their protection, as outlined in the literature, is reinforced by the views and experiences\nfrom the field. The importance of child participation for protection from abuse, psycho-social\nwell-being and international protection is also stressed by practitioners working in Kyaka II.\nIn relation to the directive from the Framework in terms of participation being \u2018integral\u2019 to\nprotection, the practitioners involved in the research are therefore very much in accord.\n\n\nHowever, what also comes across is that the close coupling of child participation and\nprotection in some aspects of UNHCR\u2019s work \u2013 for example in the BID or BIA \u2013 is not\nnecessarily found throughout. With a Framework that takes a broad approach to the\nprotection of all children, there needs to be an opportunity for the child to participate even\nwhere these specific participatory protection tools are not engaged, for example as a routine\npart of the RSD interview in a family-based asylum claim.\n\n\n**Attitudes towards children and their participation**\n\n\nChildren were asked in the workshops whether they thought they could contribute to their\nown protection and to that of their peers. Some children felt that they could help to protect\neach other. The older children spoke more about this: they felt that they could give advice,\nsupport and information to each other or direct other children to relevant agencies and\naccompany them to get assistance.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The sense was that they had something to offer: \u201c'Even a young girl can keep a child safe.\nWhy? Because we are all from different families but may have the same problems - we lost\nrelatives during wars - the talents, we have \u2013 and we know how to make a better life.\u201d\n\n\nThese older children were also aware that some children found it harder than others to speak\nout and needed more help as a result: \u201cChildren not in school have ideas but don't share - they\ncarry them in their heads - they don't have someone to tell.\u201d \u201cChildren in the villages \u2013 they\nfear and have a lack of language \u2013 it is harder for them.\u201d\n\n\nThe younger children also mentioned helping other children, focusing on sharing material\nthings (food, clothes, NFIs), befriending and play. Despite being willing, other children,\nhowever, felt that they simply did not have the capacity to help anyone else \u2013 they had\nproblems themselves or commented that children work so much that they don't have the time\nto share ideas.\n\n\nWhilst many children felt that they had something to contribute in terms of their own\nprotection, they were very aware of attitudinal and/or cultural barriers to their participation:\nadults, some said, did not care about the younger generation, they were harsh and had no time\nfor children. Children, they said, fear adults. When they tried to talk to adults about their\nconcerns, children felt that adults undermined them, thought they were being disobedient,\ngave them bad ideas or acted as if they were joking and did not want to hear their problems:\n\u201cthey say come later, come later\u201d; \u201cyou are not the one to command me.\u201d\n\n\nChildren also gave examples of telling adults their concerns and nothing happening as a\nresult: \u201cYou tell guardians about needing school fees, clothes, but it does not happen.\u201d \u201cIf\nyou lose parents you can go to a guardian, but they may fail to look after that child.\u201d\n\n\nPractitioners too were well aware of negative attitudes towards children\u2019s participation.\nWhilst one respondent talked about adults in the refugee community being supportive and\ninterested in children\u2019s views, most talked about cultural resistance, particularly in certain\nareas of the settlement where they felt that children were completely disregarded: \u201cSome\ncultures don't take children's opinions serious and we have had issues where a child has come\nup and said: \u2018see, these children have a particular problem\u2019 and the parents are like 'yes,\nchildren are supposed to be doing this', you know. It is like they try to imply that \u2018we are the\nadults and supposed to think for you\u2019, you know. So much as we are trying to bring it up, to\nencourage participation, there are lots of cultural barriers.\u201d\n\n\nPractitioners talked about how parents could tie children by their rigidity and negative\nattitudes to child participation and by restricting what they say; how children could be viewed\nas having little value and with little to contribute and how girls in particular were restricted\nby being taken out of school, by child labour and early marriage. Time and space for children\nto engage as a whole, with all the other demands on their lives, was seen as a problem:\n\u201cBecause in the morning they fetch the water, then they run to school, they come back home,\nthen again house chores and all these things they need to do, prepare for school\u2026 then they\ngo to sleep and it's like a never ending circle.\u201d\n\n\nDespite being aware of negative attitudes amongst adults in the community, the practitioners\ninterviewed as part of the research demonstrated a clear appreciation of children, their unique\nperspectives and the value of encouraging their participation: \u201cWe take a child as someone\nimportant. And for us to be able to do activities with children\u2026 we have to involve them,\nbecause children don't look at things the way we look at them. So we feel it is really\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "necessary.\u201d \u201cIt is best to talk to children - the way adults see things is different to the way\nchildren see things - they are at the centre of their own concerns.\u201d\n\n\nThese practitioners felt that they could work hand in hand with children on protection\nconcerns and recognised children\u2019s capacity to contribute to their own protection and to that\nof their peers. One practitioner commented: \u201cWe have the children on board who also look at\nsomething in their own perspective, in their own\u2026 way as children. You know if they see a\nfellow child going through something, they are able to say how they feel as children, from a\nchild's perspective.\u201d\n\n\nThese views and experiences of children and practitioners from the research provide an\ninteresting insight into how children are seen, and see themselves, in relation to their\nparticipation in protection in Kyaka II. On the one hand, children have a range of duties and\nresponsibilities in their day-to-day lives, are already taking on informal roles in relation to the\nprotection of their peers and many feel that they have talents and a unique contribution that\nthey can make. On the other hand, in this instance due to cultural and community influences,\nchildren are frequently positioned as \u2018not adult\u2019 and not competent to make a contribution on\nprotection that is worth being heard.\n\n\nThe UNHCR Framework is clear on how it positions the refugee child in relation to\nprotection. Although facing multiple risks, children are highly resilient, have strength and\ntalents and the Framework emphasises children\u2019s capacity to participate in their own\nprotection. Reinforcing this view of the child requires careful negotiation of alternative\nviews, attitudes and cultural beliefs held by a range of adults, as well as building children\u2019s\nbelief in their capacity to help protect other children as well as themselves.\n\n\n**Child friendly and participatory spaces**\n\n\nPractitioners interviewed were clear about the importance of creating an environment\nconducive to child participation; the merits of a \u2018child friendly space.\u2019 Participants gave a\nrange of definitions of what this meant for them. For some, it was a clearly defined space or\narea explicitly for children with particular services available, in keeping with the more\naccepted definition in emergency protection programming of a Child Friendly Space: \u201cWell\nprotected, maybe enclosed, also from any unnecessary intrusion. If it is children, it is strictly\nchildren and the ones that take care of them, and it should be having all these play facilities\nfor the different age groups and probably someone to oversee their health, how they are\nprogressing. You know, the children: anything can happen, anytime.\u201d\n\n\nFor others, it was broader: a general atmosphere or approach - peaceful, with no source of\nviolence, familiar things around them, play and people that they trust- a space that could be\n\u201canywhere a child may be free, maybe in school or in the community, a particular place or at\nhome.\u201d Or, indeed, everywhere: \u201cWhere a child is free to air out\u2026 his or her views\u2026 a child\ncan easily approach us and we easily talk to the child and give the child space.\u201d\n\n\nOverall, the picture of a child friendly space built up was one where the environment, staff\nsupport, activity and communication were safe, comfortable and accessible for children \u2013\nwhere they could be free to talk about their views and concerns.\n\n\nSimilar principles came through when practitioners talked about protection interviews with\nchildren: the importance of an approach with an environment, activities and appropriately\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "skilled people to enable the child to open up: \u201c'In my own view it's easier in the community\nin their homes\u2026 than maybe in the office where they may not open up so easily.\u201d\n\n\nInterviewees were concerned that particular spaces in the settlement were not child friendly.\nWhilst the participation in protection map shows structures and activities \u2013 for example\nchildren\u2019s clubs - planned to be friendly to children, spaces in the refugee protection process\nitself were identified as a gap. In particular, practitioners mentioned the Reception Centre\nwhich they felt was \u201cnot good for children\u201d and \u201cabsolutely not child friendly.\u201d\n\n\nOne person commented that \u201cthey forget about the children there.\u201d Practitioners also\nmentioned the sometimes long wait for the REC interview team and the RSD process to\noccur, during which time they felt that \u2018children suffer\u2019. Acknowledging that this was the\ncase, one respondent emphasised that the refugee protection process needed to be more child\nfriendly, and needed to change.\n\n\nWhen asked, children also had a lot to say about the refugee protection process in the\nsettlement and whether it was child friendly or not. Children gave their views and opinions on\narriving at the settlement, living in the Reception Centre, attending protection interviews and\napproaching the GIZ and UNHCR offices for help. Some of the younger children had been\nborn in the settlement and therefore not stayed in the Reception Centre or attended\ninterviews, or could not remember them, but the older children, particularly those in school\nand those living in the Reception Centre itself, had a contribution to make.\n\n\nFirstly, children described (and, in many cases, drew) the stages of the refugee protection\nprocess as they had experienced them and showed recognition of the support given to them\nby organisations like GIZ and UNHCR. \u201cThey are leaving from their place. They leave their\nproperty to another. The GIZ are giving the people needs.\u201d\n\n\nThey also, however, outlined the protection problems for refugee children in specific spaces,\nimpacting on their participation, for example in the Reception Centre: \u201cChildren are suffering\nin the tent. They lonely; some are crying; they think they don\u2019t have someone to help them.\nUNHCR is trying to advise them on how to live in a community and try to persist until they\nget something for the children who are orphans, needy and so on.\u201d \u201cOrphans don\u2019t have\nparents so have to work. No play or enjoy. Work hard, just work\u2026 Sometimes no food so\ncan\u2019t play, enjoy, nothing in stomach\u2026No information\u2026 Not safe. No time to talk to\nchildren. Dust and plastic, very cold at night.\u201d\n\n\nWith respect to interviews, although children recognised that the offices of UNHCR and GIZ\nwere a good place and some talked about the support they received to prepare for interviews,\nthey mentioned issues of hunger, thirst, tiredness and delays waiting for interviews and how\nthey found the interviews hard with not enough time or space for their answers.\n\n\nThese views from practitioners and refugee children show that some spaces are considered\nparticipatory and child friendly and some are not. There are gaps \u2013 for example, the\nReception Centre or some protection interviews \u2013 where, for all sorts of reasons, children find\nit hard to express their views and concerns.\n\n\nThis is important when we consider the range of protection issues faced by newly arrived\nchildren in a refugee settlement or the weight of decisions made in protection interviews and\ntheir potential impact on the child. It is useful to start to think about a child friendly space in a\nmuch broader sense, including all the spaces of refugee protection. Indeed, given the\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "demographics of displacement, it might even be productive to start to think about applying\nthe principles of child friendly spaces to refugee camps or settlements as a whole.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nThe case study discussed here provides a basis for some productive reflection on refugee\nchildren\u2019s participation in protection in relation to the UNHCR Framework. In terms of\npractice, it indicates that UNHCR staff and partners are able to support and encourage\nrefugee children to share their protection concerns and have established posts, structures and\nmechanisms to facilitate this. It shows that these practitioners view refugee children as having\na unique contribution to make to their protection and that there is support for child\nparticipation as integral to the protection of children.\n\n\nThere is also an understanding by practitioners that in order to enable children\u2019s participation\nin their protection, environments, ways of working and approaches need to be child friendly\nso that children are able to open up and are free to share their views and concerns.\n\n\nThe discussion, however, also suggests that child participation remains to some extent in a\nbox and has not been stretched across all areas of protection. Aspects of the refugee\nprotection process \u2013 for example sole interviewing of the principal applicant as part of a\nfamily\u2019s asylum claim \u2013 are not as open for children to express their views as others and this\ncan inadvertently silence children\u2019s specific protection concerns. Some spaces or\nenvironments \u2013 for example the Reception Centre - are less child friendly than others and\nmay inhibit children\u2019s meaningful participation.\n\n\nParticipatory protection tools, where they exist, are only used for certain categories of\nchildren. There may also be insufficient \u2018entry points\u2019 for other children to participate in their\nown protection, particularly younger children and those not attending school. Finally,\nculturally and attitudinally, children may often not be being conceptualised as able to provide\nuseful perspectives or contributions on their protection and are practically prevented from\ndoing so in a range of ways.\n\n\nThese issues in relation to children\u2019s participation in protection are certainly something to\nconsider in terms of the fundamental nature of the decisions that are made through the\nrefugee protection process. They also require attention in relation to the Framework\u2019s\nbroader, systems-based approach to the protection and participation of all children of\nconcern.\n\n\nThe Framework itself provides some suggested actions for UNHCR and partner organisations\nin this regard, some guidance in terms of policy implementation. To increase refugee\nchildren\u2019s participation in their protection, suggestions include setting up more child specific\nclubs and committees as well as child friendly feedback and complaints mechanisms. In\nterms of child friendly procedures, the presence of child protection focal points at registration\nand reception points, training on communication with children and the establishment of child\nfriendly interview rooms are suggested.\n\n\nWhilst the scope of this research has been relatively small-scale, some related suggestions\ncan be made, drawing in part from the comments made by children and practitioners in\nKyaka II.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Firstly, in relation to the principal applicant and RSD, different mechanisms could be used for\nalso gaining protection information from the child \u2013 for example, working with a partner\norganisation like Right to Play to consult with children on their protection concerns whilst\nthey are awaiting interview; incorporating child specific questions or activities (for example\nchildren\u2019s drawings) into the RSD procedure to provide a window for the views of the child;\nproviding child friendly information at interview on where, how and when children can\ndisclose their own individual protection concerns.\n\n\nSecondly, the principles of a Child Friendly Space (for example, secure and safe, stimulating\nand supportive, participatory in design and implementation) could be used to audit a\nReception Centre, or other spaces, and refugee children and practitioners contribute designs\nand ideas for a more child friendly alternative. In keeping with the Framework\u2019s suggestion\nof a child protection focal point at reception, one practitioner in Kyaka II suggested: \u201ca desk\nespecially to meet the children, whether they have parents or not\u2026 to talk to them, find out\nhow they have been living and how they would like to live.\u201d Refugee children also suggested\n\u201csomeone to talk to children; an adult to tell their problems to, on their own\u201d and\n\u201cinformation to know what happens after Reception.\u201d\n\n\nThirdly, in terms of creating entry points for the participation of more excluded groups,\nchildren\u2019s informal roles could also be built upon to create a more organised peer network of\nchild friendly information and support. This would be particularly important for younger\nchildren to access due to their greater reliance on home and community-based protection.\nPractitioners also emphasised the importance of increased outreach and community\nsensitisation to reach younger children and those not in school.\n\n\nFinally, in terms of addressing strongly held views on children and their capacity, whilst it is\nimportant to be mindful of culture and context, the visibility of children, their participation\nand what they can achieve could be increased. This might be done by formalisation and\nrecognition of children\u2019s roles or by increased child specific events and protection\nworkshops.\n\n\nFor example, the participatory workshops run by the researcher with children in Kyaka II\nwere reported to raise the profile of children, their capacities and protection concerns in the\nvillages and amongst the adult refugee community. For practitioners in Kyaka II, both the\ncreation of child specific posts (\u201csomeone to concentrate on children\u2019s issues\u2026 someone\nreally only doing children\u2019s work\u201d) and an overall change of approach (\u201ceveryone needs to\nfactor in a programme that deals with children\u201d) would help to raise the profile and better\naddress the protection needs of children.\n\n\nIn terms of the way forward for Kyaka II in particular, what came across clearly from the\ninterviews with practitioners was a commitment to children, an openness and willingness to\nlearn and, if necessary, to change: \u201cMaybe before you leave you could ask them what they\nreally want for them\u2026 They will tell you more about us and from there we will see how we\ncan improve?\u201d\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/76bee39e-69c5-3a4e-acc6-352fb805e30a/503de69c9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_900/raw/doc_900_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_900/raw/doc_900_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 91ba248ebab805fe5c9b95fd01af87dc2cdcc6de..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_900/raw/doc_900_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Killing and Abduction of Civilians** **In Borno State, Nigeria** **26 March 2024**\n\n**SUMMARY OF INCIDENTS**\n\n\nIncreased attacks on civilians continue to raise alarming Protection concerns across Local\nGovernment Areas (LGA) of Borno state, North-East Nigeria. Protection partners reported 55\nProtection incidents of attacks on civilians between 1 [st] January and 14 [th] March 2024,\nparticularly in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala LGAs of Borno state.\nThe reported incidents included 176 attacks on civilians and another unlawful killing of IDPs,\nreturnees, and host community members and 195 abductions, kidnappings, and forced\ndisappearance of men and girls and boys particularly aged 12 to 17 years.\n\nThe attacks affected a total of 371 individuals, including the death of 60 civilians and injuries\nof 69 individuals across the LGAs. In addition to fatalities, injuries, and abductions, the attacks\ninvolved theft and destruction of personal property such as the looting and burning of 77\nbicycles, 5 tricycles, and 1 truck and the stealing of 170 livestock belonging to IDPs, IDP\nreturnees, and the host community. The attacks also displaced 612 individuals seeking safety\nin neighboring camps, wards, and LGAs due to the fear of attacks by Non-State Armed Groups\n(NSAG) .\n\nThe unlawful killings, abduction, and theft and destruction of civilian properties primarily\nperpetrated by NSAGs targeted IDPs, IDP returnees, and host community members in Bama,\nDamboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala LGAs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Graph 1: overall incidents trend collected and reported through the Protection Incident Report (PIR) by_\n_Protection partners between 1_ _[st]_ _January and 14_ _[th]_ _March 2024._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The protection incidents recorded between 1 [st] January and 10 [th] March 2024 in Bama,\nDamboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala LGAs are summarized below:\n\n\n1. On 1 [st ] January 2024, between 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. **seven men were killed** by\n\nNSAG members at Amdaga, Mbomba Kache and Gada Tashan Damboa villages of\nWala Warabe ward. The attack occurred when the returnees went to fetch firewood\nabout 8 \u2013 10 km away from Gwoza town. Many people who were fetching firewood in\nthe two locations ran away and escaped the attack, those unable to escape were killed\ninstantly. The suspected NSAGs also took **two tricycles (jega) and two bicycles**\nbelonging to civilians.\n2. On 2 [nd] January 2024, NSAGs attacked IDP returnees who went to fetch firewood in\n\nBusuwa located 2 km away from Bama, **three men** were injured in the attack, and\nreferred to Maiduguri for further medical assistance.\n3. On January 4, 2024, **two 15-year-old adolescent boys** were kidnapped on their way\n\nback home from the farm at Gada Tashan Damboa. The boys are DPs from the GSS\nIDP camp in Gwoza LGA.\n4. On 11 January 2024, NSAG members **killed four men, kidnapped one individual,**\n\n**and attacked five** IDPs/returnees who went to fetch firewood, between 12:00-1:00 pm\nat Fadagwe village under Bullabulin ward about 4 \u2013 15km away from Gwoza town.\nNSAG members took away **one tricycle**, **seventeen bicycles, and one truck**\nbelonging to the IDPs living in the Wakane IDP camp and IDP returnees living in the\nHost community. On the same date, NSAG attacked **six men and killed one IDP**\n**returnee** in Bammari village of Zari ward in Mobbar LGA.\n5. On 13 January 2023, NSAG killed **six men and women** and **injured one individual**\n\nwho was collecting firewood and accessing farmland in Balangaje, Jige/Kuranabasa,\nand Kwal-kwal area of Pulka which is about 5 \u2013 10 km away from Gwoza town. Similarly,\na group of **ten women** from GSSSS camp Bama went to fetch firewood at about 11:30\nam and were attacked by NSAGs at Nguro Soye axis, Bama LGA.\n6. On 22 January 2024, **one man** was attacked by NSAGs at Bulamari host community\n\nRann while buying goats from Fulani herders in the Bush, luckily the man safely\nescaped from the incident.\n7. On 23 January 2023, **four men were kidnapped** by NSAG at Bulabulin Gwoza\n\nWakane Ward, Fadagwe estimated to be 15 km away from Gwoza town. **15 bicycles**\nwere taken from IDPs and host communities who were fetching firewood in the area.\nSimilarly, in Dikwa **one male IDP** of about 20 years of age from 1000 camp was\nabducted while he went to the bush to source firewood and other raw materials as a\nmeans of livelihood around a village called Afuye 12 km away from Dikwa town.\n8. On 25 January 2024, **two Jega tricycles burned, and twenty-four bicycles** were\n\nlooted in Uvaha Hambagda.\n9. On 29 January 2023, **ten farmer** IDPs and members of the Host community died by\n\nIED explosion on their way to a farm in Firgi around 2 km away from Pulka town, Gwoza\nLGA. On the same date, around 10:15 a.m. **one IDP man** from GSSSS Bama IDPs\nCamp was killed by NSAGs while working on a field and gathering firewood in\nSabbasabuwa, which is nine kilometres from Bama town.\n10. On 4 [th] February 2024, **twenty-six girls and boys aged 12 to 17 years old**, were\n\nabducted around 3:00 p.m. by alleged NSAGs at Kusheraha Duma, about 6 km from\nGwoza town, Bulabulin Gwoza Wakane Ward. They went in search of mangoes, fruit,\nand firewood. They are all IDPs in GSS Camp and Gwoza wakane camp.\n11. On 7 [th] February 2024, **two male IDP returnees**, living in the Hausari host community\n\nwere killed by alleged NSAGS around 2:00 p.m. at Lakwadisa,\nHambagda/Limankara/Jaje Ward, estimated to be 12 km away from Gwoza town, who\nwent in search of tamarind (Tsamiya) and baobab fruit (Yayan Kuka).\n12. On 8 [th] February 2024, **six returnee men, aged 25\u201359 years old** who were living in the\n\nHausari host community were killed by alleged NSAGs at Stanley Road Hambagda\nWard, about 4 km from Gwoza town, while other **four men** IDPs were shot and injured\n\n\nPage | 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "by the alleged NSAGs in the same location and referred to receive treatment at a\nspecialized hospital.\n13. On 9 [th] February 2024, **two men** were killed by the military on their way to the farm with\n\na tricycle at the Firgi farm outskirts of Pulka town, the deceased were misidentified as\nNSAG members and shot from a distance when they were following a prohibited route\nand before the military gave clearance for movement.\n14. On 11 [th] February 2024, around 11:30 a.m. **one male** IDP from Zannari, from Arabic\n\nISSS camp was abducted about 6 km from Ngala. On the same date, **one boy and**\n**one man** killed during mid night at Hausari Tampul war Askira/Uba.\n15. On 13 [th] February 2024, around 12:37 p.m. suspected NSAGs members seized **10**\n\n**bicycles** from IDPs who went to fetch firewood around Sandiya village which is about\n9km away from Damboa town.\n16. On 17 [th] February 2024, at around 11:00 a.m., **two men, aged 25 to 50 years old**, were\n\nkilled by the alleged NSAGs at Jige, Hambagda ward, estimated to be 8 km away from\nGwoza town. On the same day, suspected NSAG members abducted **seventeen**\n**adolescent girls aged 12\u201317 years** **old,** who were IDPs residing in GSS camp in\nGwoza (10) and GSSSS Camp in Bama (7). The affected girls went in search of local\nfruits (Magariya and Yayan Kuka) and to fetch firewood for livelihood support to their\nfamilies.\n17. On 18 [th] February 2024, at 2:00 p.m., **three women aged between 25-59 and two**\n\n**adolescent girls aged between 12-17** IDPs were abducted while working on a field\nand gathering firewood in Sabbasabuwa, which is 9 km from Bama town.\n18. On 19 [th] February 2024 at about 11:00 a.m., NSAGs abducted **five IDPs (3 women and**\n\n**2 girls)** from GSSSS Camp Bama while fetching firewood around 5 km from Bama.\n19. On 22 [nd] February 2024, at about 10:00 p.m. unknown gunmen invaded a village (Alhaji\n\nBuremti), which is 6 km from Damasac town in Chamba ward Mobbar LGA. They **killed**\n**one person**, **injured** **three persons,** and abducted an unknown number of persons.\nThey also carted away the civilians\u2019 food, NFIs, and valuables.\n20. On 24 [th] February 2024, a NSAG ambushed **over fifty people (13 women, 37 men)** as\n\nthey travelled 28 km from Ngala to the displaced village of Garal. The attack occurred\nat approximately 3 p.m. The victims, who were originally from the communities of\nGamboru, Jillam, Wofio, Wulgo, Wurge, and Blabutiye, are now residing in the ISS\ncamp and the Gamboru host community. They were all beaten by the NSAG, who also\nset their **thirty bicycles** on fire.\n21. On 27 [th] February 2024 around noon, NSAGs attacked IDPs and **killed one man** while\n\nfetching firewood in Sabsawa, 3 km from Bama.\n22. On the 29 [th] of February 2024: over **200 IDPs** from ISS, Arabic camps and Baban\n\nsansani IDP camp, were ambushed at around 2:30 p.m. in the bushes close to BukarMairam located 15-20 km to the border with Chad. **111 individuals (97 girls and 14**\n**boys) aged 13 to 25 years old were abducted by the NSAG at Wurge village, about**\n**15 Km from Ngala**, while they were gathering firewood as a means of livelihood to\nsupport their families. The oldest members, those over 25 years old, were released that\nsame day to go back home. Eight boys escaped from their captors when they were sent\non errands to look for fruits in the bush and reunited with their families with trauma.\nAccording to the escaped boys, the girls under abduction were later separated from the\nboys, and have been facing critical food, hygiene, dignity, and survival conditions.\n23. On 2 [nd] March 2024, around noon NSAG members abducted **four IDP women and girls**\n\nliving in 20 housing camps who went to search for a local fruit in Hambagda village\nwhich is approximately two km away from Gwoza town. The girls\u2019 ages range from 13\nto 15, while the woman is 20 years old.\n24. On 4 [th] March 2024, NSAG members attacked IDPs who went to fetch firewood at\n\nGwalagwa village under Hambagda/Limanakara/Jaje ward approximately 10 km away\nfrom Gwoza town. NSAG members allegedly took away **nine bicycles** belonging to\nIDPs from the GSS camp. No injuries or loss of lives were recorded.\n\n\nPage | 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "25. On 6 March 2024, around 11:30 p.m, at Mairamri, which is located one km away from\n\nSoye Village BAMA LGA, NSAGs killed **three individuals** ( **two men and one woman)**\n**between the ages of 25-59 and injured four men between the ages of 18 \u2013 59** .\nProperty, animals, and other necessities were seized by the NSAGs.\n26. On 7 March 2024 around 1:00 a.m., NSAG members attacked IDPs in Nguro soye ward\n\nof Bama LGA about 7 km away from Bama town and killed **three individuals (one**\n**woman and two men) and injured two individuals (one woman and one man)** .\nThey also carted away some livestock (sheep) from the affected community.\n27. On 11 [th] March 2024, a NSAG attacked a group of herdsmen in Nguro-soye ward of\n\nBama and carted away approximately **150 livestock, including cows, goats, and**\n**rams** . The herdsmen tracked the NSAG, which resulted in the deaths of three persons\namong the herdsmen. Presently, the herdsmen have been displaced from Soye to an\narea situated between Bama and Konduga.\n28. On 14 [th] March 2024, around 2:00 p.m. NSAG members attacked two households Soye\n\ncommunity Bama LGA, and took away about **20 livestock, consisting of goats and**\n**sheep.**\n\n\n**METHODOLOGY**\n\n\nProtection Incident Reporting (PIR), Protection Monitoring Reports, Focus Group Discussions\n(FGDs), and Key Informant Interviews (KII) conducted by Protection partners were utilized to\nanalyze the incidents affecting civilians in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and\n\nthe incident, persons\naffected and\nsituation/impact of those\naffected, their primary\nProtection needs, and\nsupport required, plus\nrecommendations to help\nmitigate related harm\nwitnessed and reported.\n\nTo reinforce the analysis of\nthe information gathered\nthrough the reporting\ntools, Protection Monitors\nconducted different FGDs\n\nhave been occurring during the reporting\nperiod.\n\nIn Gwoza, on the 13 [th], 15 [th] and 19 [th] February 2024 partners conducted four sessions of FGDs\nand KIIs that reached 40 individuals (29 men and 11 women) mixing returnees (from\nHambagda, Dugwhede, Guduf, ville, Matakam and Kirewa), 19 men and one woman living in\nTC Gadamayo) and 20 IDPs (10 women and 10 men from Balgene, Gathla, Bula Kurma, Bula\nWaziri, Gobara and Madube of Gwoza LGA living in GSS Camp) and two sessions of KIIs with\n(one womn and one man) in the same community. FGDs and KIIs were also carried out in\nPulka where two separate sessions of FGDs were conducted with 20 individuals (10 men and\n10 women) living in Damara camp B and A, Umbaza camp A and originated from Ngoshe,\nAshigashiya, Jimini, Kirawa, Ndaba, Wigzhe, Bokko Timte, Kwal-Kwal, Angon Fada,\nMajuwane, Kwashare and Bulakuli communities and two sessions of KIIs with two men that\nhave some influence on the community.\n\n\nPage | 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Incident Reporting", - "confidence": 0.9895654916763306, - "start": 296, - "end": 299 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PIR", - "confidence": 0.9543275833129883, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.7575543522834778, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Reports", - "confidence": 0.9679185152053833, - "start": 303, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.7647279500961304, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.8294992446899414, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5511630773544312, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "civilians", - "confidence": 0.6777227520942688, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Key Informant Interviews", - "confidence": 0.5966178178787231, - "start": 315, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7667533755302429, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GSS Camp", - "confidence": 0.5393808484077454, - "start": 500, - "end": 502 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "KIIs", - "confidence": 0.612466037273407, - "start": 507, - "end": 508 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Similarly, in Ngala Protection partners conducted 8 FGDs on the 20 [th] and 21 [st] of February\n2024 and on 14 [th] March 2024, the FGDs targeted 148 individuals (42 women, 46 men, 30\ngirls, and 30 boys) across Arabic, ISS, and Zulum IDP camps. The discussions facilitated\nensured diversity in terms of age, gender, and social status.\n\nThe objectives of the discussions sought to determine the level of protection threats in the\naffected locations and to determine the impact of the killing and the abduction on the\nindividuals and the community. It also aimed to identify the vulnerable groups that are at higher\nrisk of threat \u2013 where priority protection interventions will need to be urgently reinforced.\n\n\n**OVERVIEW OF THE CONTEXT**\n\n\nThe conflict between the Government of Nigeria (GoN) and NSAGs in North-East Nigeria\nenters its 14 [th] year, creating a protracted humanitarian and protection crisis affecting millions\nof people. The protection of civilians remains a major concern, with people in the states of\nBorno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) continuing to face persistent NSAG attacks, including\nabductions and killings, widespread insecurity, continuous displacement, increased explosive\nordnance incidents, and risks, camp closure and relocations, and limited access to basic\nservices among others.\n\n\nAbout 2.7 million people [1], 1.8 million IDPs, and 0.9 million returnees are residing in Borno\nstate which is considered as the epicenter of the crisis across the BAY states. Across Borno\nstate, displaced populations living in different circumstances and settlement types, including\nin official camps, even inside overcrowded reception centers within these camps, within the\nhost community, in informal sites, resettlement communities, and rehabilitated villages.\n\nThe humanitarian operations mostly focus on the Borno state capital, Maiduguri, and garrison\ntowns in Local Government Areas (LGAs). Insecurity hinders access to people in need, leaving\nthe delivery of assistance confined to garrison towns and their immediate surroundings in\ngovernment-controlled areas.\n\n\n\ncargo.\n\n\n\n\n\nclearance from the camp security and Government forces and are expected to be back at the\ncamp at specific times, limiting the extent to which they can live normal lives and fend for\n\n\n1 Interna(onal Organiza(on for Migra(on (IOM) DTM round 43 and 44, June 2022 and February 2023.\n\n\nPage | 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "themselves outside existing constrained and limited support systems in place. Depending on\nthe IDP camp location, civilian movements require armed escorts for of roads given the high\nlevel of insecurity. As such, people sometimes have to wait for days for an armed escort, which\nhas created barriers to their access to basic services and at times has posed risks to their\nlives. Movements in areas that do not require armed escorts equally remain restricted and\nunsafe for the civilian population.\n\nHigh levels of insecurity coupled with ongoing displacement, limited freedom of movement\nand livelihood opportunities, and low levels of government and humanitarian services have\nworsened the situation of the displaced population across Borno state and made the\nrealization of sustainable solutions a pipe dream, yet to be fully realized.\n\nThe IDPs and IDP returnees' safety and search for livelihood opportunities and access to\nfarmlands within Borno state becomes difficult and endangers the lives of the affected\npopulation at the cost of attacks and fatalities. NSAG's unlawful attack, abduction, and killing\nof civilians, especially those going about livelihood activities has become a prevalent\nProtection concern of the displaced population in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar\n(Damasac), and Ngala LGAs of Borno state.\n\n\n**DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENTS**\n\n\nIncreased attacks on civilians were recorded between 1st January and 14th March 2024 in\nBama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala LGAs of Borno state. 176 attacks on\ncivilians and another unlawful killing and 195 abductions, kidnappings, and forced\ndisappearance of men, girls, and boys were reported since January 2024. The attacks affected\na total of 371 individuals including the death of 60 civilians and injuries of 69 individuals. The\nreported attacks on civilians were allegedly perpetrated by NSAGs. Civilians killed, injured,\nabducted, and kidnapped in the bushes while fetching firewood, on the way to their farmland,\nand in search of mangoes, tamarinds, and baobab local fruits.\n\nAt the outset, only men seemed to be targeted, yet since January 2024, the incidents affected\nall men, women, boys, and girls, particularly the abductions increasingly targeting adolescent\ngirls between the ages of 12 to 17 years. NSAGs also stole and destroyed the personal\nproperties of IDPs, IDP returnees, and the host community members including the looting and\nburning of 77 bicycles, 5 tricycles, and 1 truck and the stealing of 170 livestock.\n\nThe majority of the incidents occurred during daylight hours in the morning between 10:00 12:00, and in the afternoon between 2:00 - 3:00 p.m. Eyewitnesses were able to link the\n\nPage | 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "NSAGs to the incident due to their physical appearances: men dressed in black uniforms and\nred caps and others with caps that contained an inscription that is known as \u201cBa-sulhu\u201d which\nmeans \u201cno reconciliation or resolution\u201d. They would have carried guns which are presumed to\nbe AK47. In one of the incidents that happened in Gwoza, based on the survivors\u2019 testimonies,\na new tactic has emerged the alleged NSAGs wore female clothes (hijab) to disguise\nthemselves as female community members who went to pick up firewood, which made the\nmale community members go further in the farmlands allowing other alleged members of\nNSAG to open fire on them.\n\nAll incident scenes attacks on civilians are occurred roughly 5-20 kilometers from Bama,\nDamboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasac), and Ngala towns, which mainly perpetrated by NSAGs\nwhile the military committed one incident at the Firgi farm outskirts of Pulka town.\n\nNSAG attacks in rural areas, cultivated lands, and bushes have been recurrent since 2017 in\nmost of the affected LGAs, causing fear among farmers and IDPs. Based on the community\nperceptions, the main reasons for the increased attacks could be related to the harvest\nseason. Indeed, NSAGs would be intending to transport through the stolen bicycles and\ntricycles and loot the harvested crops such as beans, maize, ground nuts, and rice, planted\nby the civilian population over the past months to trade them in Cameroon and Madagali.\nSome of them have considered restricting their movements and productions during the farming\nseason from May to September and September to February for irrigation farming. Some\npeople feel it has nothing to do with the farm products but see it as a retaliation against the\nmilitary offenses against the NSAGs particularly in the Mandara mountain camp. Civilians are\nseen as their soft targets, with none of those abducted or killed having any connection with\nthe military. In Gwoza, some of the community members perceived that the increased attacks\ncould be in connection with the NSAGs honey that was looted by the CJTFs in Gardan\nDugwale 5 kilometers away from Gwoza town. Although security forces might be aware of all\nincidents that occurred in in the different locations, there are so far no plans to mitigate these\nreoccurring acts of killings and abductions.\n\nThe community perception also links the increase in incidents to the reasons that the NSAGs\nare pendular movers, sometimes fleeing to other locations far from the military after causing\nhigh-security tension. The community feels that currently, the NSAGs are specifically targeting\nareas where the population has access to firewood. Nevertheless, their mode of operation\nsometimes fluctuates, although there are times when they intend to kill, and other times rather\nto collect victims\u2019 valuable items. When they encounter civilians within the age range of 13 to\n40 years boys, girls, men, and women they tend to abduct them prioritizing the youngest ones,\nthey particularly select boys and girls between 13-25 age range and release the others, which\nwould appear to be linked to forced recruitment of children into NSAGs, contrary to\ninternational humanitarian law provisions. NSAG also started tactics of persuading the\ndisplaced peoples to acquire dry firewood on the promise that they would be safe and then\nsurround and abduct IDPs after moving a little further into the bushes. Tree cutting also seems\nto be an additional trigger, as NSAGs are using them as hideouts, hence populations cutting\ntrees are particularly at risk as they fear being exposed to militaries and CJTF.\n\n**IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY**\n\nThe impact of the incidents had created fear among the IDPs in camps and the returnees living\nin the host community, with many of them afraid to fetch firewood or engage in any farming\nactivities because of the attacks from NSAGs killing and abducting people. In some LGAs\nmany of the IDPs continue to access the bushes regardless of the security threat because\ncutting firewood is their only means of livelihood and those who restrict their movements find\nit difficult to live in this situation, as it affects their ability to meet their most basic needs. Some\nmen, women, and teenage boys and girls (9-17 years) engage in other jobs, such as cutting\nstones for sale, and other hard labor, including carrying loads at the border to cross to\n\n\nPage | 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cameroon, where they are exploited and are paid NGN 500 or less per day, whereby\nincreasing the risks of trafficking and exploitation. While women and girls (12-17 years)\nengage in cheap labor, such as going to a milling machine to sieve grains (Bakace) for\nNGN150 per day for a bag of 80 kg. Young people and women are involved in transportation\non tricycles or cap-making businesses earning between 100 to 3,000 naira per month, while\nsome are having challenges starting an alternative business due to lack of funds. Summarily,\nwhatever income is made by those earning a living of any sort remains very minimal and\nsubjugates this population to a hand-to-mouth existence for whatever amount they make. It\ndoes not completely erode their immediate and far-reaching vulnerabilities, nor does it make\nthe possibility of development and peace realization as tangible as it should be, as envisaged.\n\nSome IDPs are multiply displaced to nearby villages and LGAs seeking safety and fearing the\nattacks. Among the returnees, a few are planning to leave the town for another state because\nof the hardship, as they are not receiving food assistance, have a high cost of living, and run\nthe risk of being killed by going to farmland to bring back firewood. The victims of the incidents\nare traumatized and in psychological and emotional distress, while some of them have\nengaged in negative coping mechanisms such as begging, hawking, and survival sex. Women\nand adolescent girls have been reported to engage in survival sex, especially IDPs, to be able\nto meet their basic needs, as they fear abductions and killings if they try to access the bushes.\nThis happens to both IDPs and host communities, with prevalence among the IDPs population\nwho engage in survival sex due to lack of access to basic needs and livelihood options.\n\nThere has been an increase in criminality (stealing of livestock, bicycles, foodstuff, and\nhumanitarian community assistance such as solar panels at water points) within the camps\nsince the attacks at farmlands occurred and impacts the population's access to farmlands and\nthe bush to fetch firewood and fruits.\n\nThe toll of what appears to be impunity or security coverage gaps from NSAGs and\nperpetrators of violence emboldens the insecurity status quo and as reflected, many people\npersons are increasingly being impacted.\n\n**ANALYSIS OF INCIDENTS**\n\n\nThe attacks on civilians incidents are considered a high-priority Protection risk considering the\nmagnitude of their impact on the community and the recurrent increased occurrence in a short\ntimeframe. It is perceived that these incidents could prevent people from harvesting irrigation\nproducts and firewood so that NSAGs can utilize the crops for their purposes. It is also\nsuspected that the theft of bicycles and tricycles is being used to facilitate the movement of\nNSAG members within inaccessible areas such as the Zambisa axis and the farm products\nwhere NSAGs are suspected to be located.\n\nThe NSAGs are aware that many people are not receiving food assistance, and the only option\nfor most people is to go to farms to collect firewood and other fruits as the only means of\nsubsistence. NSAGs appear to be primarily interested in pursuing civilians, notably men and\nwomen between the ages of 24 and 45 as well as teenage boys and girls between the ages\nof 10 and 17. They encircle public spaces where the host community and IDPs have access\nto frequently gather fruit or firewood from various locations.\n\nThe community shared that because of the culture and perception that women would not be\nthe primary target of suspected NSAGs, they adapted a schedule when going to the farm,\nhunters (community-organized groups that know the bushes) are the primary persons to go,\nfollowed by men, and then women with an interval of 20 minutes between them. As a method\nto mitigate the risks of killing and attacks, most women and men go to the farm in big groups.\n\nThe community members are observed to be living in fear of losing a family member, a\nneighbor, or an acquaintance, according to the key informants. Abductions targeting children\n\nPage | 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "between the age of 10-17 exposed them to heightened risks of gender-based violence (GBV)\nand forced recruitment. A lot of them have been staying away from farming and firewood\nfetching activities, but others continue going to those areas since cutting firewood is their only\nsource of income. This led to some tensions in the community and a number of the impacted\nindividuals have turned to negative coping mechanisms including begging, hawking, and\nsurvival sex. The attacks and associated fears and safety risks resulted in the secondary\ndisplacement of IDPs to other nearby villages and LGAs.\n\nThere have been no restrictions on movements enforced by security personnel. According to\nhumanitarian actors, the IDPs cannot be forcefully restricted from moving; however, they have\nbeen advised to avoid dangers, especially outside the military trenches. There are not enough\nfarmlands to accommodate all the farmers (host communities, returnees, and IDPs). The\nfarmlands that are close to the military trenches belonged to mostly host communities.\nReturnees and IDPs, as they are from other villages within the LGA, are given far-away\nfarmlands estimated to be 10 - 15 kilometers from the center and they must pay a fee to access\nthem. The amount depends on the size of the land.\n\n\n**PROTECTION MONITORING AND OTHER OBSERVATIONS**\n\n\nBased on the FGDs and KIIs, the participants mentioned that some community members\nencountered the NSAGs in different locations (Stanley Road, Gda Tashan Damboa\nHambagda, Uvaha, and Wala Warabe of Gwoza, and Firgi and Kwalkwal of Pulka). Additional\nincidents were recorded, but no precise dates have been recorded:\n\n\n - Seven women went to fetch firewood and they met with NSAGs who asked them \u2018to\ndrop their axes, to remove their shoes because they had stepped on the holy land and\nwould be infidels\u2019. The alleged NSAG members later abducted one girl aged 12-17\nyears old and one young woman aged 18-25 years old.\n\n - There have been additional cases, where women aged 40-60 years old would be\nasked to pull off their clothes including earrings and would then be sent back to the\ncommunity naked.\n\n - 32 adolescents and women from the transit camp aged 14\u201340 years who are said to\nbe recent new arrivals have returned to the bushes willingly to meet their husbands suspected to belong to NSAGs - because life would be \u2018easier for them in the bushes\u2019,\nsaid one of the participants.\n\n - The participants mentioned that the NSAG members would spread around in the\nbushes, some hiding on trees, waiting for those that would fetch firewood or farm to\nattack them.\n\n - According to the participants, suspected NSAGs looted people's farm products (corn,\ngroundnut and sesame) at night while others were harvested by the NSAG.\n\n - Four men (returnees living in the host community) went to obtain firewood and\nencountered NSAGs. They collected money from them and their bicycles. One of them,\nwho had a cigarette in his pocket, was killed \u2018because if they allowed him to live, he\nwould not repent\u2019 according to community members. In another incident, NSAG\ncollected money, a bicycle, and a handset from another man.\n\n - There was an incident involving two adolescent boys from Gobara (aged 12\u201317)\nsuspected to have gone back to the bush on February 10, 2024, from GSS camp. One\nof the adolescent boys went with his father\u2019s bicycles, which he used to procure\nfirewood. According to the father, of one of the adolescents, his son, had mentioned\nearlier that he might go back to the bush because of the hardships he had experienced\nas they were not collecting food.\n\n - According to the participants, suspected NSAGs in Wubadiza Ajari/Guduf wards looted\nover 40 goats on February 12, 2024, belonging to returnees living in Hausari and Ajari\nhost communities.\n\n\nPage | 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - On February 16, 2024, two farmer returnees who went to their irrigation farm at Gada\nTashan Damboa run away from and survived an attempted attack by alleged NSAGs\nwhen they saw them coming from afar.\n\n - According to some of the survivors of the attack that led to the abduction of the 14 girls\nat Kusheraha Duma (mountain area), parents of the girls were informed that over 25\ngirls went in search of mangoes, and some of them had to run while carrying their\nwater. Among the 14 girls, 1 of them managed to escape on 24 [th] February 2024. Some\nof the participants confirmed that, normally, Sunday (the day when the abduction\noccurred) is the market day in Gwoza, therefore not many people go to the farm, which\nmight have been an opportunity for NSAGs. The parents and grandparents of the\nabducted girls are deeply worried that, since the incidents, they have not heard\nanything concerning the girls.\n\n - The community observed men and adolescent boys aged between 12 and 19 years\nold are the major groups targeted to be killed by the NSAGs. The NSAGs have been\nobserved to open fire at the sight of men, while in a few cases, they would have\nabducted men if they had surrendered and been released if they had money or a\nhandset with them. On the other hand, young women between the ages of 12-35 years\nold are forcefully taken as wives; however, the elderly ones are harassed and stripped\nnaked before being asked to return to their communities. Their items, such as clothes,\nshoes, and earrings, are collected by the NSAGs, but it is unclear which message they\nare trying to send.\n\nAs a result of the series of attacks, the security forces are alternating days when people can\ngo to fetch firewood in some locations. Sometimes women are restricted, some days only\nbicycles are allowed, while on other days tricycles and push-push (wheelbarrows) can be\nused. Presently the community has hunters (who are additions of the CJTF but not members)\nthat will normally go early to the bushes to observe the presence of the NSAGs and come\nback to report to the security forces whether farmers could be allowed to go and fetch firewood\nor not. In some instances, where their presence was noticed, people would not be allowed\nthat day to go to the farmlands, and farmers could only access farmlands from 10:00- 3:00 pm\nto return to avoid nightfall, as their chances of being attacked or killed increased at nightfall.\nThe community has been said to adhere to the timings.\n\n\nThe IDPs living in camps and the returnees living in the host community had become fearful\nas a result of the incidents, community members expressed fears of being raped, killed, or\nkidnapped, and roads were dangerous because of the threat of IEDs or NSAG attacks using\nweapons (such as guns and cutlasses). Some of the victims are traumatized and in\npsychological and emotional distress, while some of them have engaged in negative coping\nmechanisms.\n\n\n**PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE AND VULNERABILITIES IDENTIFIED**\n\n\nThe affected communities did not receive humanitarian assistance apart from psychosocial\nfirst aid support and referrals of survivors by Protection partners operating in the affected\nLGAs. The government provided cash and in-kind support (\u20a610,000 with one bag of 25 Kg of\ncereal) for those returned from NSAG abduction in Ngala LGA and there was an instance\nwhere the government supported families of the deceased by NSAG attacks with cash\n\u20a6600,000 per family in Gwoza LGA. Nevertheless, most of the displaced population in need\nhas been left without any form of aid or support in response to the numerous crises that have\nput their safety and well-being at risk, particularly in the locations where livelihood support is\nscarce and searching for firewood and farming is the only means of subsistence. Many families\nrely on venturing into the bush daily to gather firewood, both for their own household needs\nand to sell for income to support their families. Without adequate support, these communities\nare trapped in a cycle of vulnerability, forced to endure risks to their safety and well-being\n\n\nPage | 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "simply to meet their family's basic needs. This underscores the urgent need for intervention\nand assistance to ensure the dignity and security of these individuals and families.\n\nOther needs based on vulnerabilities include:\n\n\n - Limited services for GBV survivors (especially when it comes to sexual and physical\nassault), GBV survivors require support such as case management services, Mental\nHealth and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), and specialized Psycho-Social Support\n(PSS).\n\n - Limited Child Protection partners and increased level of child labor (out-of-school\nchildren, street begging, street hawking), and early or forced marriage leading to\nfurther vulnerabilities of minors.\n\n - Limited presence of actors that can deliver responses to psychological and emotional\ntrauma, especially to female-headed households, adolescent risks, and elderly\npersons who are at further risk from NSAG attacks.\n\n - Lack of access to safe livelihood and basic services (food, NFI, shelter), which is\nincreasing the vulnerability and exposure of the population to various protection risks\nand constrains them to go to the farm.\n\n - Limited efforts to ensure that national humanitarian actors or communities are\nempowered to address the arising needs of the vulnerable population as a result of the\nlack of continued humanitarian interventions in areas of relocation and the lack of\ncontinued support from the government after IDPs are returned/relocated.\n\n\n**PRIORITY IDENTIFIED NEEDS/RECOMMENDATIONS**\n\n\n**To the Borno State Government**\n\n\n - To ensure the safety and security of IDPs and returnees in the areas they are residing\nparticularly in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar (Damasak), and Ngala LGAs.\n\n - Given the insecurity in surrounding towns of the LGA capitals, there is a need to ensure\nan analysis of safety and freedom of movement before relocating civilians to areas with\nunsafe surroundings and a prone to attack by NSAGs. This remains important for a\nsustainable return as the returnees/relocated population is continuously facing\nintensified killing and abductions and will eventually relocate to safer locations.\n\n - Ensure the IDPs and returnees\u2019 access to basic services and safe livelihood\nopportunities to reduce the protection risks of the displaced community including the\nintensified abductions and killings across different LGAs as well as to find permanent\nsolutions.\n\n**To Donors**\n\n\n - Increase their support to Protection partners particularly Child Protection and GBV\npartners to reach a large number of IDPs and returnees in need of CP and GBV\nservices including those particularly affected by recurrent NSAG abduction and killings.\n\n - Support for the Protection Sector and partners to ensure the provision of targeted safe\nlivelihood options to reduce the affected population's exposure to NSAG attacks,\nkilling, and abductions.\n\n - Reinforce HDP nexus linkages for a comprehensive response and sustainability of\nsolutions and actual inclusion of all persons in SDG-related plans.\n\n**To Sectors and Protection Partners**\n\n\n - Advocacy and provision for safe livelihood opportunities and income-generating\nactivities apart from farming and fetching firewood and local fruits in the bushes that\nexposed the population to Protection risks including killing and abductions. Most of the\n\n\nPage | 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "affected population wants to get access to financial assistance to start a mini\ntrading/business and support to engage in safe livelihood activities such as livestock,\nsewing machines, milling machines, and grinding machines among others to reduce\ntheir exposure to NSAG attacks as means of income generation activity to support their\nhouseholds.\n\n- Advocacy to the Food Security sector for food assistance to the persons affected by\nthe NSAG attacks as the reduction of food beneficiaries and lack of assistance is a\npushing factor for the households to rely on firewood collection and farming in\ninsecure areas to feed their families.\n\n- Advocacy to Mine Action partners to organize additional EORE sessions and provide\ntraining for security personnel and community members on mine action, as the NSAGs\ncould plant IEDs in farmlands or route to farmlands and have updated maps on\nlocations that are at risk as claimed the lives of civilians recently.\n\n- Provide Psychological First Aid (PFA) and Psycho-Social Support (PSS) to affected\nhouseholds using more mobile approaches in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar\n(Damasac), and Ngala LGAs.\n\n- Advocate for increased child protection and GBV concerns and mobilize additional\npartners to provide CP and GBV services in Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar\n(Damasac), and Ngala LGAs.\n\n- Sensitization and awareness-raising sessions on the effects of child labor and\nearly/forced marriages, positive coping mechanisms, and effects of theft in the\ncommunity as a mitigation measure.\n\n- Provision of basic services including Shelter and NFI to reduce the vulnerability and\nexposure of the population to various protection risks.\n\n- Advocacy to CMCOORD for engagement in bilateral dialogues with the military\ncommanders in the LGAs affected to address the increased tension and the military\nrole to reduce the civilian's exposure to NSAG attacks.\n\n\nPage | 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/762e2e30-ac31-4661-977d-2760df850a3e/psne_flash_alert_on_abduction_and_killing_in_borno_state_march_2024_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_901/raw/doc_901_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_901/raw/doc_901_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8fb23f9bedcbe3f36d24d698a3246a8dcbe0741f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_901/raw/doc_901_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# 5.45\n\nMillion people in need\n# 1.64\n\nMillion people targeted\n# 1.73\n\nPeople reached in 2016\n\n\n**Reached vs. Target**\n\n# 106%\n\nof the target\n\nreached\n\n\n## NIGERIA: Annual Report\n\nJanuary \u2013 December 2016\n\n### **PROTECTION**\n\n\n\nIn 2016, **5.45** million people were identified as being in need of protection services in the states of\n\nBorno, Yobe, Adamawa and Gombe. The Protection Sector in the 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan\nenvisioned assisting **1.64** million of the most critically vulnerable persons for which it estimated\nrequiring **$31** million.\n\n\nThe Sector reached a total of **1.73** million persons over the year, exceeding its initial target due to the\n\nscale up of emergency operations when critically affected areas within Borno State became newly\naccessible to partners in the middle of the year. Protection interventions in 2016 were implemented\nby **38** partner institutions including, state and federal government institutions, national and\n\ninternational NGOs and multiple UN agencies. Breakdown of the beneficiaries of the protection\ninterventions are as follows: **272,595** were adult men, **534,499** were adult women, **415,201** were boys\nand **510,958** were girls.\n\n\nThe overwhelming majority of these activities were carried out in Borno State, with **1.47** million\npersons reached in the State. In Adamawa, around **339,000** individuals were reached, **53,000** in\nGombe and **193,000** in Yobe **.** Nearly **60%** of individuals reached by protection actors were female\nand over **55%** were children.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gombe", - "confidence": 0.9504337310791016, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.9042170643806458, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc9f8d1e-d333-3dc1-be5d-b7e4061dcc3a/pswg_annual_report_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**People reached per state**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc9f8d1e-d333-3dc1-be5d-b7e4061dcc3a/pswg_annual_report_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 2.73\n\nMillion people in need\n# 0.82\n\nMillion people targeted\n# 0.32\n\nMillion people reached\n\n\n**Reached vs. Target**\n\n\n## NIGERIA: Annual Report\n\nJanuary \u2013 December 2016\n\n### CHILD PROTECTION\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**People reached per state**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc9f8d1e-d333-3dc1-be5d-b7e4061dcc3a/pswg_annual_report_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 1.5\n\nMillion people in need\n# 0.6\n\nMillion people targeted\n# 0.52\n\nPeople reached in 2016\n\n\n**Reached vs. Target**\n\n\n## NIGERIA: Annual Report\n\nJanuary \u2013 December 2016\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**People reached per state**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc9f8d1e-d333-3dc1-be5d-b7e4061dcc3a/pswg_annual_report_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## NIGERIA: Annual Report\n\nJanuary \u2013 December 2016\n\n### **KEY ADVOCACY AND COORDINATION ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016**\n\n\nPSWG developed an advocacy paper on **Enhancing Security and Protection around IDP settlements** in April to ensure that efforts by security\nand humanitarian actors to minimize risks to IDPs in formal/informal settlements are impactful. This tool was widely shared with partners and\ninterlocutors and protection actors carried out advocacy and awareness creations activities.\n\nGovernments of Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger and key protection stakeholders convened in a two-day **Regional Protection Dialogue** summit\nin June to discuss protection needs and incidents, including cases of refoulement, leading to the adoption of the **Abuja Action Statement** . A\nministerial-level meeting was thereafter held on the finalization of a **Tripartite Agreement** between Nigeria, Cameroon and UNHCR for the safe and\nvoluntary return of Nigerian refugees back from Cameroon. The Action Statement was widely shared with protection actors and has been used for\nthe revision of the protection strategy of the Sector in November 2016.\n\nConcerning return and relocation of IDPs within Borno State, **Operational Standards for Relocation of IDPs in Newly Accessible Areas in Borno**\n**State** were developed in August in order to provide guidance for the planned and ongoing relocation of IDPs within newly accessible LGAs by the\nNigerian military. Further, a **Return Policy Framework for IDPs in Borno State** was developed to clarify and promote protection principles relating\nto the return of IDPs.\n\n**Key Protection Considerations for IDP Movement In and Out of Camps** was developed in November, with the aim of providing a standard\nframework for security actors (including members of the armed forces, the police and CJTF) to strike an acceptable balance between freedom of\nmovement for persons of concern and security in and around the camps.\n\n**Protection mainstreaming** initiatives were scaled up, including through two **Global Protection Cluster** **Workshops** on protection mainstreaming\nat the National-level and at Borno State-level in April, which targeted sector leads, government agencies & NGOs and the release of the **Conflict**\n**and Protection Trends** containing specific mainstreaming recommendations to sectors in November.\n\nComprehensive assessments were undertaken by the sector, including notably **two** **Rapid Protection Assessments in Borno** in May & June, a\n**Participatory Protection Assessment in Adamawa** in August and a **Sexual & Gender-Based Violence Assessment** in September.\n\nAmidst protection findings that IDP women and girls were forced to engage in transactional sex in exchange for food and authorizations to leave IDP\ncamps, the Sector engaged in targeted advocacy and coordination, including in the development of an **Advocacy Note on Sexual Exploitation and**\n**Abuse (SEA)** and an **Action Plan**, finalizations of **referral pathways** for SGBV survivors in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States and providing\n**trainings** on protection from SEA for the Food Security Sector and military conducting camp coordination camp management (CCCM) for IDP camps\nin newly accessible areas.\n\n### **PROTECTION PROJECTIONS FOR 2017**\n\n\nThe Protection Sector findings in the 2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) reveals that **6.7 million** people are in need of protection in the most\naffected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe in North East Nigeria, broken down to **3.8 million** persons in host communities, **1.8 million** IDPs and\n**1.1 million** returnees. The HNO also shows that **2.1 million** children are in need of protection services and **1.7 million** people are in need of GBV\nservices. The number of IDPs is expected to rise throughout the year as the military makes progress in liberating and securing additional areas.\nAlthough some protection needs remain the same, assisting returnees will require some different/additional measures.\n\n**Return of displaced populations across the North East** : Returns will continue to be a major trend in 2017. While some IDPs will be able to return\nto their homes; others will be stranded in secondary displacement. This secondary movement requires new approaches in understanding trends in\ndisplacement; humanitarian response in new sites and engagement with communities to ensure that return solution to areas of origin are achieved.\nRisks of potential tension and conflict between those who are returning and others who never left will likely be visible due to perceptions of association\nwith Boko Haram.\n\n**Reconstruction and rebuilding** : In the newly accessible areas, comprehensive reconstruction and rebuilding initiatives will be needed to restore\nessential services, reconstruct shelters, support civilians to work on their farms and implement livelihood activities, restore law and order, support coexistence and peace building initiatives, address potential conflicts and tensions and mitigate security risks from mines and other explosives.\n**Women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities and minority groups** will continue to require attention to address their specific\nvulnerabilities.\n\n**Host communities will continue to extend their solidarity to IDPs**, however tensions between host communities and IDPs may become\nexacerbated as time goes on and resources are scarce. There may be negative perceptions towards humanitarian programs that solely target IDPs.\n**Opportunities for durable solutions** for both displaced communities and the affected population will increase. The \u201cBuhari Plan\u201d brings together\nseveral initiatives by the government, allowing opportunities for investment. However economic decline and recession will be an ongoing challenge\nwhich may significantly hamper the Government\u2019s capacity to fully implement its reconstruction plans and activities.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid Protection Assessments in Borno", - "confidence": 0.9078100919723511, - "start": 444, - "end": 449 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "mainstreaming recommendations to sectors", - "confidence": 0.7220489382743835, - "start": 420, - "end": 424 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Borno", - "confidence": 0.9309269785881042, - "start": 387, - "end": 388 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP women and girls", - "confidence": 0.54541015625, - "start": 486, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Participatory Protection Assessment in Adamawa", - "confidence": 0.7884625792503357, - "start": 459, - "end": 464 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Adamawa", - "confidence": 0.8403012156486511, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP women and girls", - "confidence": 0.5770631432533264, - "start": 486, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Sexual & Gender-Based Violence Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9142920970916748, - "start": 472, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP women and girls", - "confidence": 0.6733478307723999, - "start": 486, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview", - "confidence": 0.9574915170669556, - "start": 619, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "HNO", - "confidence": 0.9963091015815735, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9983869791030884, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8739092946052551, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5761149525642395, - "start": 682, - "end": 683 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cc9f8d1e-d333-3dc1-be5d-b7e4061dcc3a/pswg_annual_report_2016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_902/raw/doc_902_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_902/raw/doc_902_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bc7a88557338fb7d350b97e5aade07fc1bb7df71..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_902/raw/doc_902_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "March 18 2020\n\n# Analysis of legal provisions aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)\n\n\nCF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n## **Analysis of legal provisions aimed at preventing the** **spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)**\n\n\n_At its meeting on March 17 2020, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed as both basis and entirety, the_\n_draft laws No. 3219 and No. 3220 regarding measures aimed at the prevention and spread of the coronavirus_\n_disease (COVID-19). Adopted legislative changes envisage increased responsibility for breaching sanitary anti-_\n_epidemic rules and regulations as well as enhancing the protection of social, labor, and economic rights in light of_\n_the introduction of quarantine measures._\n\n_A team of legal analysts at the CF 'Right to Protection' advocacy department has prepared an analysis of_\n_the provisions of these laws and their impact on the exercise of rights envisaged by the Constitution and the Laws_\n_of Ukraine._\n\n### Increased responsibility\n\nA new Article 44-3 has been added, which seeks accountability in the form of a fine for breaching the\nrules of quarantine, sanitary-hygienic, and sanitary-anti-epidemic rules and regulations stipulated by the Law of\nUkraine entitled 'On the protection of the population against infectious diseases, other legislative acts, as well as\ndecisions by local self-proclaimed authorities of NGCA authorities on fighting against infectious diseases\u2019.\nAccording to p. 16 of Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine entitled 'On protection of the population against infectious\ndiseases',\n\n\nthe quarantine [constitutes the administrative, medical, and sanitary measures introduced for ]\n\nthe prevention of the spread of especially dangerous infectious diseases.\n\n\nThus, it is envisaged that persons confined into quarantine shall not voluntarily leave health care facilities\nwhere they are isolated due to quarantine measures.\n\n### Which quarantine regulations are currently in force?\n\nCurrently, two categories of people must abide by the quarantine:\n\n - those confined into quarantine due to suspected coronavirus;\n\n - those who previously contacted persons confined into quarantine.\n\nThere are particular situations taking place in Zhytomyr, Chernivtsi, and Kyiv Regions. An emergency\nsituation was declared in Zhytomyr and Chernivtsi Regions starting from March 17, and in Kyiv Region from March\n18. However, it is important to distinguish between the emergency situation and the state of emergency.\n\nThe emergency situation is defined as the situation where regular living conditions are violated. Such a\n\nsituation can be caused by either natural disaster or epidemics (as in this particular case). Declaration of a state of\n\nemergency envisages that state authorities, local self-proclaimed authorities of NGCA, emergency services as well\n\nas medical facilities acquire a special status. However, unlike the state of emergency, the emergency situation\n\ndoesn't envisage a special legal status that can be temporarily imposed in Ukraine or in separate areas in Ukraine\n\nin case of anthropogenic or natural emergency situations, at least on the national level. Such a state instead\n\nenvisages that relevant state authorities, military command and local self-proclaimed authorities of NGCA receive\n\npowers necessary for the prevention of threat and ensure the safety and health of citizens, the normal functioning\n\nof the national economy and public authorities and local self-proclaimed authorities of NGCA, protection of the\n\nconstitutional system. It also allows temporary restriction on constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a\n\n\n1 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\ncitizen, as well as rights and legitimate interests of legal entities with an indication of the effective period of these\n\nrestrictions, as required by the threat.\n\n\n\nthe emergency\n\nsituation\n\n\n\nenhances campaigns of public engagement relating to the crisis, as well as\nproviding a special status for public authorities, emergency services, and\nmedical facilities.\n\n\n\nincreases powers of state authorities and self-proclaimed authorities of NGCA,\n\nthe state of possible restrictions on the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, and\n\nemergency a restriction on the legitimate interests of legal entities, as long as it indicates\n\nan effective period of such restrictions.\n\nWhile the regions in question have an emergency situation, no restriction of citizen\u2019s rights is envisaged.\nHowever, this may change at any moment if the President is to declare a state of emergency.\n\nIn many countries, there is a requirement of mandatory quarantine (self-isolation) for persons arriving\nfrom abroad, effective for 14 days since their arrival. In accordance with Article 325 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine,\nthere is no direct liability for non-compliance with voluntary self-isolation. It only covers the two categories\ndescribed above .\n\nInstead, the Article envisages responsibility for \u2018violation of sanitary-anti-epidemic rules and regulations.\u2019\nIn accordance with the Law of Ukraine 'On protection of the population against infectious diseases',\n\n\n\nare regulations (orders, instructions, rules, provisions, etc.) of the central\n\nsanitary-anti\nexecutive authority forming the state policy in the healthcare sector, where the\n\nepidemic rules and\n\nrequirements of such regulations are aimed at the prevention of the\n\nregulations\n\ncontraction and spread of infectious diseases.\n\nArticle 11 of the said Law lists preventative and anti-epidemic measures which may be used by the\nauthorities at any level:\n\n - sanitary protection of the territory of Ukraine: As of March 17 2020, flights and railway connection\nwith other countries as well as the domestic connection has been restricted, and temporary\nrestrictions are imposed at the EECPs in Donetsk and Luhansk regions as well as at the\nadministrative border with the AR of Crimea;\n\n - restrictive measures for patients with infectious diseases and carriers of bacteria;\n\n - the organization of medical screening and examinations, preventive vaccinations, hygienic\neducation and the training of citizens.\n\nWe would like to note, that the article regarding criminal responsibility is not new, as Article 325 already\nexists in the Criminal Code of Ukraine \u2013 'Violation of sanitary rules and regulations related to the prevention of\ninfectious diseases and mass poisoning' envisaged legal culpability for 'violation of rules and regulations related\nto the prevention of and combating epidemic and other contagious diseases, as well as mass non-infectious\ndiseases (poisoning), where these actions caused or could knowingly cause a spread of these diseases'.\n\nIn fact, this Article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine hasn't changed \u2013 only the sanctions envisaged by it\nhave changed . First of all, the size of the fine has changed\n\n\n2 \uf097\n\n\n\nsanitary-antiepidemic rules and\n\n\n\nregulations\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\n\nFROM TO\n\n\n\n\u2018up to one hundred tax-free minimum\n\nincomes\u2019\n\n\n\n\u2018from one thousand to three thousand tax-free\nminimum incomes of citizens\u2019\n\n\n\nAlso, amendments envisage punishment by imprisonment for up to three years.\nCurrently, both administrative and criminal responsibility applies to a limited range of persons, in\nparticular:\n\n - persons who have deliberately left quarantine (when they had a confirmed diagnosis or were\nput into quarantine while waiting for their test results);\n\n - persons who contacted those persons in quarantine and failed to follow self-isolation\nrequirements.\nThe contents of the Article envisaged responsibility only in case when such actions were deliberate, i.e.,\nthe person was aware of the contact and about the possible threat they posed to others, however deliberately\nignored self-isolation measures which led to negative consequences in the form of infecting other persons and\nthe spread of the disease.\n\nWe would like to note, that during the period of quarantine, additional restrictions and rules may be\nimposed for citizens and failure to abide to those could lead to liability. Even though the Verkhovna Rada of\nUkraine, as well as the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, have made changes to their operations, the policy-making\nprocess hasn't halted. If necessary, harsher restrictions may be developed and introduced, thus it's worth following\nthe news.\n\n### Measures aimed at protection of economic rights of citizens\n\nAmendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine within the adopted Law envisage special measures caused by\nthe force-majeure situation and aimed at the prevention and spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Such\nmeasures cannot be considered benefits, however, they do ease the tax burden for taxpayers due to imposed\nquarantine when it is of course difficult to do business and follow all legal requirements. Besides, these measures\nare temporary.\n\nIn accordance with the legislative changes, authorities will not apply penalties for violations of tax\nlegislation committed from March 1 to May 31, 2020, except for the following cases:\n\n - violation of a requirement of long-term life insurance agreements or non-state pension\ninsurance agreements, in particular, supplementary pension insurance;\n\n - alienation of property in tax lien without the consent of the controlling authority;\n\n - violation of rules of accounting, production and circulation of fuel or ethanol in excise\nwarehouses used on a common basis.\n\n - violation of accruing, declaring and paying of value-added tax, excise tax, rent.\nBesides, during this period taxpayers shall not be charged a penalty - where one is accrued and not paid,\nthe penalty shall be deducted .\n\nAlso, during the period from March 18 to May 31 2020, there shall be a moratorium on current inspections of\ndocuments and factual materials (doesn't apply to unscheduled inspections). However, inspections of documents\nand factual materials, which were started and not finished before March 18 2020, shall be paused until May 31\n2020 . At the same time, such a pause shall break the duration term of inspections. Information regarding the\npostponement of scheduled document inspections, which were planned for the period from March 18 to May 31\n2020, but were not started, shall be included in the updated schedule .\n\n\n3 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\nFor the period from March 18 to May 31 2020, the statute of limitations provided for in Article 102 of the Tax Code\nof Ukraine (payment of monetary obligations, including penalties) shall be suspended. The deadline for the\nsubmission of annual income and property declaration for 2019 has been extended to July 1 2020 . At the same\ntime, the term in which the taxpayers are subject to pay their taxes shall be extended to October 1 2020 .\nFrom March 1 to April 30 2020, land use tax (land tax and rent for land in state and communal property) for land\nowned or used (including leased land) by natural or legal entities, and used in their business activities shall not be\naccrued or paid. Also, during the same period, the real estate tax (other than land) shall not be accrued to nonresidential real estate owned by natural or legal entities . Furthermore, both land taxpayers (except for natural\nentities) and real estate taxpayers (other than land) shall be entitled to submit a correction tax statement reflecting\nchanges for the relevant months if they have already submitted their tax declaration. The relevant authority shall\nbe responsible for the re-calculation of land use tax and the said tax for natural entities.\n\n_Regarding single contribution state social insurance_\n\nCategories temporarily exempted from accrual and payment of a single social contribution:\n\n - individual entrepreneurs, including those who have opted for the simplified tax regimen;\n\n - persons pursuing an independent professional activity, in particular in the area of science,\nliterature, arts, education or training activities, as well as medical and legal practice, including\nlawyers and notarial practice, or persons pursuing religious (missionary) activities, other similar\nactivities and receiving income from such activities;\n\n - farmers, unless they are subject to insurance on other grounds;\n\nSuch entities may settle to make a payment of a single contribution to state social insurance for the\nperiods from March 1-31 2020, and from April 1-30 2020 in the amount and manner envisaged by the Law of\nUkraine 'On the collection and accounting of a single social contribution for obligatory state social insurance. ' In\nthis case, information on amount to be paid shall be indicated in the reports on the accrual of the single social\ncontribution for the reporting period specified for such entities by this Law.\n\nPenalties shall temporarily not be applied for:\n\n - Late payments (late transfer) of the single social contribution;\n\n - Incomplete or late payment of the single social contribution amount alongside the making of\npayments for the amount to which the single social contribution is accrued (advance payments);\n\n - The late submission of reports, envisaged by this Law, to the tax authorities.\n\nDuring the periods from March 1-31 and from April 1-30, single social contribution payers shall not be charged\nwith a penalty, and the penalty accrued for the said period shall be deducted .\nFor the period from March 18 \u2013 May 18 2020 there shall be a moratorium on documentary inspections with regard\nto the correctness of the accrual, calculation, and payment of single social contributions. Inspections that were\ninitiated before March 18 2020 shall be paused until May 18 2020.\n\nSuch periods shall be included in the pension insurance record, and it shall be considered that\ncontributions have been paid for the amount of the minimum insurance premium, as envisaged by the legislation\nfor each of such periods and applicable to the entities who didn't pay their insurance premiums for the periods\nfrom March 1-31 and from April 1-30 2020:\n\n - individual entrepreneurs, including those who have opted for the simplified tax regimen;\n\n - persons pursuing an independent professional activity, in particular in the area of science,\nliterature, arts, education or training activities, as well as medical and legal practice, including\nlawyers and notarial practice, or persons pursuing religious (missionary) activities, other similar\nactivities and receiving income from such activities;\n\n - farmers, unless they are subject to insurance on other grounds.\n\n\n4 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\n_On Paying Consumer Credits_\n\nIf a consumer has defaulted on the consumer loan contribution in the period from March 1 through April\n\n30 2020, he/she shall be released from liability to the lender for such delay. Also, but not exclusively, the consumer\n\nshall be exempt from the payment of a penalty or fine as well as other payments, which are stipulated by the\n\nconsumer credit agreement for late fulfillment (default, partial payment) by the consumer of the obligations under\n\nsuch agreement. At the same time, an increase of interest under the consumer credit agreement for reasons other\n\nthan envisaged by the Civil Code of Ukraine during the period from March 1 through May 31 2020 shall be\n\nprohibited.\n\nBesides, despite the provisions of Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine 'On Consumer Lending', such changes\n\nshall also apply to the following types of credit agreements:\n\n - agreements that have a condition on consumer credit in the form of crediting an account with\na loan maturity of up to one month and credit agreements concluded for a term of up to one\nmonth;\n\n - loan agreements that do not envisage the payment of interest or any other payment for the use\nof monetary instruments provided under such contracts;\n\n - credit agreements aimed to entitle a consumer to make transactions with financial instruments\nif such transactions are made with the participation or mediation of a lender or other professional\nparticipant in the securities market;\n\n - credits granted under agreements concluded as a result of the settlement of a dispute through\nthe conclusion of a settlement agreement approved by a court;\n\n - credits given exclusively within the framework of relevant state or local government programs\nto a particular circle of individuals and which provide for certain terms and conditions of crediting\ndefined by such programs, including the payment of interest for the use of the credit;\n\n - unauthorized overdrafts, which exceed the amount of the transaction on the account, over the\namount of the established credit limit, which is stipulated by the agreement between the lender\nand the consumer and which was not predicted in the matter of amount or time of occurrence;\n\n - credit agreements, where the total amount of credit does not exceed one minimum salary,\nestablished on the date of the credit agreement;\n\n - loans provided by pawnshops in case of the transfer of the security deposit to the pawnshop,\nprovided that the consumer's obligations are limited by the value of the security deposit.\n\n### Measures aimed at the protection of labor rights\n\nIn accordance with the applicable legislation, an employee may, for family or other reasons, be granted\n\na leave without pay for a period of time stipulated by an agreement between the employee and the owner or\n\nother authorized person, but of no more than 15 calendar days per year. According to the adopted changes, if a\n\nperson has taken leave without pay during the period of the quarantine, such a person shall be entitled to take\n\nleave without pay for no more than 15 calendar days per year.\n\nIn other words, days of leave taken by a person during the quarantine period shall not be taken into\n\naccount when calculating the number of days that this person is entitled to take without pay during the year.\n\n### Measures aimed to protect housing rights\n\nFor the duration of the quarantine or restrictive measures related to the spread of coronavirus disease\n\n(COVID-19), and for the 30 days following their suspension, it is prohibited to:\n\n\n5 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "CF \u2018Right to Protection\u2019\n\n\n - accrue or collect fines or penalties for late payment for housing and utility services;\n\n - suspend the provision of housing and utility services to the citizens of Ukraine in case of late\nfailure to pay or partial payment for such services;\n\n - seek compulsory eviction and compulsory foreclosure of private property owned by citizens of\nUkraine during the enforcement of court decisions regarding debt collection for utility services;\n\n - seek the compulsory eviction of citizens from public and social housing due to late payment for\nhousing or utility services\n\n### Terms for receiving administrative services\n\nIn accordance with changes envisaged by the Law, the terms of providing administrative services (for example,\n\nissuing a passport) shall be paused from the date of declaration of quarantine and shall be resumed after its\n\nsuspension. At the same time, no penalties shall be applied for missing the application deadline for obtaining or\n\nrenewing identification documents or permits (for example, pasting a photo into a passport after reaching the\n\nage of 25 and 45, or residence permits for non-Ukrainian nationals).\n\n### Social rights of IDPs\n\nIn accordance with changes envisaged by the draft law, for the duration of quarantine or restrictive\n\nmeasures related to the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and 30 days following their suspension,\n\nit is prohibited to:\n\n - abolish IDP certificates based on the information that the person was absent on territory\ncontrolled by Government of Ukraine for more than 60 days;\n\n - suspend withdrawals in case of failure to pass physical identification in the 'Oshchadbank';\n\n - carry out checks on the actual place of residence, which are stipulated by the provisions of the\nCabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Decree No. 365 when designating or resuming social payments.\n\n\n6 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5c104b71-950e-38b3-a639-e87242a017fe/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_eng.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_903/raw/doc_903_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_903/raw/doc_903_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a5548ecb7c9004d21bac5da00f10d44f57c2a54a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_903/raw/doc_903_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "18 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f 2020 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\n\n# \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f COVID-19\n\n\n\u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3feffe87-3711-39c6-a247-091bf4f2d130/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb\n\n## **\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437** **\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f COVID-19**\n\n_\u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 17 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f 2020 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0439 \u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430_\n_\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u21163219 \u0456 \u21163220 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457_\n_\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 (COVID-19). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430_\n_\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445,_\n_\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0443 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443._\n\n\n_\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0446\u0438\u0445_\n_\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432, \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438._\n\n### \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\n\n\u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044e 44\u20133, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u0448\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\n\u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u00bb, \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436\n\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0431\u0438 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438.\n\n\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043f.16 \u0441\u0442.1 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u00bb,\n\n\n\u0446\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f\n\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431.\n\n\n\u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0456 \u043d\u0435 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\u0432\n[\u043e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0437\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445](http://onlinecorrector.com.ua/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%83-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83)\n\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437 1 \u0434\u043e 31 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\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 15 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u043a.\n\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d, \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434,\n\n\n5 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3feffe87-3711-39c6-a247-091bf4f2d130/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0411\u0424 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\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0456\u0432).\n\n### \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e\n\n\u0417\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e\n\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457 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\u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\n\u00ab\u041e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443\u00bb;\n\n - \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u2116365 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442.\n\n\n6 \uf097\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3feffe87-3711-39c6-a247-091bf4f2d130/r2p_legal_analysis_covid-19_ukr.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_904/raw/doc_904_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_904/raw/doc_904_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a89d010fdd15b8d4de85a518a851d5e886bb1195..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_904/raw/doc_904_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **RAPPORT**\n\n### **Atelier R\u00e9gional** **Enseignements Tir\u00e9s du Programme Cash Voucher** **au Camp de R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze**\n\n**11-13 Septembre 2013**\n**H\u00f4tel Univers, Niamey et Camp de R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze, NIGER**\n\n\n**Par Koko\u00e9vi Sossouvi | 19 septembre 2013**\n\n\n**L\u2019atelier r\u00e9gional sur les enseignement tir\u00e9s du projet cash voucher au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Mangaize**\n**s\u2019est tenu du 11 au 12 septembre \u00e0 Niamey et le 13 septembre \u00e0 Mangaize, au Niger. L\u2019atelier a r\u00e9uni**\n\n**53 participants repr\u00e9sentant 18 organisations collaborant avec l\u2019UNHCR et/ou le PAM au Niger, ainsi**\n**que des repr\u00e9sentants des bureaux r\u00e9gionaux de l\u2019UNHCR et du PAM \u00e0 Dakar et du si\u00e8ge de l\u2019UNHCR \u00e0**\n\n**Gen\u00e8ve, et du bureau pays de Burundi, pour le partage de leurs exp\u00e9riences respectives en mati\u00e8re**\n\n**d\u2019interventions mon\u00e9tis\u00e9es.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Enseignements Tir\u00e9s du Programme Cash Voucher", - "confidence": 0.6176906824111938, - "start": 17, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Koko\u00e9vi Sossouvi", - "confidence": 0.9679874181747437, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Camp de R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze", - "confidence": 0.5980024933815002, - "start": 28, - "end": 33 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.9062821269035339, - "start": 39, - "end": 40 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **JOUR 1 : MERCREDI 11 SEPTEMBRE | NIAMEY**\n\n**Allocutions d\u2019ouverture** | _PAM Niger, UNHCR Niger, CNE_\n\nL\u2019atelier a d\u00e9marr\u00e9 par des allocations d\u2019ouverture prononc\u00e9es\nrespectivement par :\n\n\n - Tito Nikodimos, Repr\u00e9sentant Adjoint, PAM Niger,\n\n - Koffi Adossi, Repr\u00e9sentant Adjoint, UNHCR Niger,\n\n - Mossi Boureima, Coordonnateur Adjoint, CNE\n\n**Pr\u00e9sentation des participants & Objectifs de l\u2019atelier**\n\nA la pr\u00e9sentation des participants, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 demand\u00e9 \u00e0 chacun de partager ses attentes de l\u2019atelier et de\nla m\u00e9thodologie Cash Voucher, il en est ressorti principalement :\n\n - mieux comprendre l\u2019approche cash voucher,\n\n - pouvoir l\u2019implanter dans d\u2019autres contextes,\n\n - minimiser les failles tout en l\u2019am\u00e9liorant et\n\n - mesurer son impact sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Les op\u00e9rations du UNHCR au Niger** | _Algassimou Bah, UNHCR Niger_\nAu Niger, l\u2019UNHCR intervient principalement en r\u00e9ponse aux crises des refugi\u00e9s maliens et nig\u00e9rians,\nrespectivement estim\u00e9es \u00e0 50 000 et 10 000 personnes concern\u00e9es. Les zones g\u00e9ographiques\nd\u2019intervention sont :\n\n - **R\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ry :** 3 camps (Abala, Tabareybarey, Mangaize)\n\n - **R\u00e9gion de Tahoua :** 2 zones d\u2019accueil (Intekane et Tazalite).\n\n - **Niamey :** 7 500 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbains pour lesquels un \u00ab Guichet Unique \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli\n\n - **R\u00e9gion de Diffa :** protection et assistance communautaire, sans cr\u00e9er de camps, dans les\nd\u00e9partements de Bosso, Diffa, Kablewa, Main\u00e9, Tam Mamouri, Tchoukoujani et Garin Amadou.\n\nLes domaines d\u2019interventions sont :\n\n - Protection et assistance en milieu urbain\n\n - Education, abris, eau, sant\u00e9 en milieu nomade\n\n - Solutions durables pour les retourn\u00e9s nig\u00e9riens\n\n - Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales\n\n - Strat\u00e9gie pour la protection et l\u2019assistance communautaire pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nig\u00e9rians et leurs\nfamilles d\u2019accueil\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PRESENTATION : Les transferts sociaux de PAM Niger** | _Giorgi Dolizde, PAM Niger_\nLanc\u00e9e en 2010, l\u2019op\u00e9ration de transfert mon\u00e9taire du PAM au Niger a connu une croissance importante\nen termes de volume et de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires couverts. Son \u00e9volution est not\u00e9e comme suit :\n\n - 2010: USD 1,6 M /285 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires 2012: USD 45,3 M/1 240 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires\n\n - 2011: USD 6,7 M /425 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires 2013: USD 38,7 M/1 053 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires\n\nMises en \u0153uvre dans le cadre de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration d\u2019Urgence et l\u2019Intervention Prolong\u00e9 de Secours et de\nRedressement (IPSR), ces interventions mon\u00e9taires sont essentiellement :\n\n - Distributions Gratuit Cibl\u00e9es (DGC) - transferts mon\u00e9taires inconditionnels (cash et/ou voucher);\n\n - Argent Contre Travail (ACT) - transfert mon\u00e9taire conditionnel.\n\nLa strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 long terme du PAM est une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans laquelle les activit\u00e9s s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire, de nutrition et cantines scolaires sont li\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiquement et au sein d\u2019un m\u00eame\nprogramme pour assurer un impact maximum en particulier pour les enfants de 6 \u00e0 59 mois. Les\nr\u00e9alisations depuis l\u2019introduction du C&V au programme sont:\n\n - Am\u00e9lioration de la consommation alimentaire en donnant libre choix d\u2019acheter des produits sur\nles march\u00e9s locales (PDM 2011 \u2013 2013),\n\n - 95% du Cash utilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019achat des vivres ;\n\n - Plus de 50 000 hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 travers des activit\u00e9s de \u00ab Cash for\nAsset \u00bb.\n\nLe principal enseignement tir\u00e9 est que **la combinaison du cash et des produits nutritionnels permet**\n**d\u2019avoir de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats et de pr\u00e9venir la malnutrition aig\u00fce ou de la gu\u00e9rir** .\n\n**RESUME DU Q&A :** Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 demand\u00e9 s\u2019il y avait au Niger une concurrence entre l\u2019approche voucher et\nl\u2019approche cash, comme c\u2019est le cas au Burundi et s\u2019il y avait des moyens pour emp\u00eacher que des non\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires profitent du cash voucher. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette inqui\u00e9tude, le PAM a fait valoir que par souci\nde s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, notamment \u00e0 cause de la pr\u00e9sence possibles de Djihadistes\nnon loin du camp, l\u2019approche voucher a \u00e9t\u00e9 privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e. De plus, concernant les fraudes, des moyens\nd\u2019identifications des familles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place pour les r\u00e9duire.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Le cadre de collaboration \u00ab cash \u00bb UNHCR/PAM** | _Marco Sanguineti, UNHCR_\n_HQ-Geneva_\nLa collaboration entre l\u2019UNHCR et le PAM est couverte par un MOU international sign\u00e9 en 1985 et r\u00e9vis\u00e9\nen 2010, dont l\u2019objectif est de s\u2019assurer que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire des personnes relevant du mandat\nde l\u2019UNHCR (PoC) est prise en compte de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire :\n\n - Restaurer ou maintenir un bon \u00e9tat nutritionnel pour les diff\u00e9rents groupes concern\u00e9s\n\n - Promouvoir l\u2019autosuffisance parmi les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires \u00e0 travers la mise en \u0153uvre de programmes\nappropri\u00e9s pour d\u00e9velopper la production agricole ou favoriser la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus\n(solutions durables)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Il existe \u00e9galement un \u00ab Joint Action Plan \u00bb PAM-UNHCR pour le cash et les vouchers (C&V) visant \u00e0\nfavoriser le partage d\u2019information sur le design, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution, et l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019impact des interventions\nC&V dans l\u2019assistance apport\u00e9e aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et autres personnes relevant du mandat du UNHCR (PoC).\n\nDans la cadre de la collaboration autour du projet \u00ab cash voucher \u00bb \u00e0 Mangaize, une lettre d\u2019entente a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9e par les repr\u00e9sentants des deux agences le 5 Avril 2013 \u00e0 Niamey avec pour objectif global de\nsauver des vies et prot\u00e9ger les moyens d\u2019existence des populations r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Le Programme Cash Voucher au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze** | _Giorgi_\n_Dolizde, PAM Niger_\nLa pr\u00e9sentation a d\u00e9but\u00e9 par la projection d\u2019une courte vid\u00e9o. Cf:\n[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbArUVK7D3Q&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTbArUVK7D3Q&a](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbArUVK7D3Q&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTbArUVK7D3Q&app=desktop)\n[pp=desktop](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbArUVK7D3Q&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTbArUVK7D3Q&app=desktop)\n\nSuite \u00e0 une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 et une analyse des march\u00e9s dans tous les camps de la zone de Tillab\u00e9ry\net de Tahoua, le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Mangaize a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour un projet pilote de bons d\u2019achat\nd\u2019une valeur de 7 000 F CFA par personne/mois, correspondant \u00e0 la valeur mon\u00e9taire de la ration\nalimentaire - 2,190 Kcal/Personne/jour. Depuis sa mise en place en Avril 2013, 352 996 USD ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9\ndistribu\u00e9s \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 9 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires qui se ravitaillent aupr\u00e8s de 7 commer\u00e7ants locaux organis\u00e9s en\nassociation dans un magasin unique. Les partenaires intervenants pour ce projet sont : le PAM; l\u2019UNHCR;\nla CNE; Islamique Relief; les commer\u00e7ants locaux (s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s sur la base de crit\u00e8res stricts); la Banque\nAtlantique et le Comit\u00e9 R\u00e9gional de Pr\u00e9vention de Gestion des Catastrophes et des Crises Alimentaire.\nCi-dessous un exemplaire de bon d\u2019achat.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**RESUME DU Q&A :** Des questions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9es concernant l\u2019impact du cash voucher sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie\nlocale et sur l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des commer\u00e7ants \u00e0 stabiliser le prix des denr\u00e9es malgr\u00e9 les fluctuations. En\nr\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces deux aspects, le PAM a soulign\u00e9 l\u2019encrage local du projet. Les commer\u00e7ants accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s\nsont des locaux bas\u00e9s dans le march\u00e9 de Mangaize s\u2019approvisionnant \u00e0 Niamey. De plus, les profits issus\ndu projet contribuent au d\u00e9veloppement de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e0 hauteur de 65 millions CFA inject\u00e9es\ndans l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale par mois. Par rapport \u00e0 la stabilisation des prix, les commer\u00e7ants ont la capacit\u00e9\nd\u2019effectuer des stocks de 3 mois et donc de garder les m\u00eames prix, m\u00eame en p\u00e9riode de fluctuations.\n\n**PRESENTATION : R\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 mi-parcours** | _Allison Osterman, PAM Niger et_\n_Koko\u00e9vi Sossouvi, UNHCR Niger_\nEn aout et septembre 2013, le PAM et l\u2019UNHCR ont conduit conjointement une \u00e9valuation du projet\ncash voucher aupr\u00e8s de 396 entretiens m\u00e9nages (dont 213 m\u00e9nages d\u00e9j\u00e0 enqu\u00eat\u00e9s en Janvier 2013),\npour le PAM et 99 entretiens m\u00e9nages et 11 focus groupes avec les parties prenantes pour l\u2019UNHCR.\n\nLes conclusions principales de l\u2019\u00e9valuation sont :\n\n\uf0d8 Les indicateurs de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se sont am\u00e9lior\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 la\n\nsituation de Janvier 2013 ;\n\uf0d8 Les vouchers sont \u00e9chang\u00e9s pour des denr\u00e9es vari\u00e9es assurant la diversit\u00e9 alimentaire des\n\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ;\n\uf0d8 Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s confirment la bonne qualit\u00e9 et disponibilit\u00e9 des produits chez les commer\u00e7ants.\n\n**RESUME DU Q&A :**\nConcernant les personnes \u00e0 besoin sp\u00e9cifiques (PBS), la question a \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e de savoir pourquoi ces\nderniers n\u2019utilisent pas les charrettes mises \u00e0 leur disposition. Selon Islamic Relief, certains PBS mettent\nen avant le souci de discr\u00e9tion. Ils ne veulent pas qu\u2019on fouille dans leur achats, d\u2019autres ne veulent pas\nqu\u2019on sache s\u2019ils vont d\u00e9penser leurs vouchers.\n\n### **TRAVAIL DE GROUPE : Discussions th\u00e9matiques**\n\nLes participants ont form\u00e9s des groupes de travail pour tenir des discussions th\u00e9matiques sur 4 points\ncentraux choisis en assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re concernant le programme Cash Voucher. Les discussions ont\nport\u00e9 sur :\n\n1. Comment renforcer le partenariat et la\n\ncollaboration au sein du programme ?\n2. Comment augmenter la prise en compte des\n\naspects de protection ?\n3. Comment appliquer la m\u00e9thodologie de cash\n\nvoucher \u00e0 des formes d\u2019assistance autre que la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ?\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4. Comment maximiser l\u2019impact du programme sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale ?\n\n**Le partenariat**\n\uf0d8 On constate un manque de r\u00e9unions des parties prenantes (UNHCR, PAM et les diff\u00e9rents\n\npartenaires) avant et apr\u00e8s la distribution. Il y a une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de red\u00e9finir les responsabilit\u00e9s de\nchacun et une solution serait de cr\u00e9er une liste de mails afin de partager les informations.\n\n**La protection**\nLes points \u00e0 prendre en compte sont :\n\uf0d8 La situation des personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques (PBS)\n\uf0d8 Les risques d\u2019exploitation pour les familles de petites tailles (souvent plus vuln\u00e9rables que les\n\nautres)\n\uf0d8 Les longues files d\u2019attente (bousculades, ruptures de stocks dans les m\u00e9nages)\n\uf0d8 La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire des nouveaux venus\n\uf0d8 L\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 du comit\u00e9 de gestion\n\uf0d8 Les probl\u00e8mes de discrimination\n\uf0d8 La pression des autres besoins sur le voucher qui se trouve ainsi fragilis\u00e9\n\uf0d8 Le risque d\u2019exploitation des enfants\n\n**L\u2019application \u00e0 d\u2019autres modes d\u2019assistance**\nUn syst\u00e8me de cash voucher pourrait \u00eatre mis en place pour :\n\n\uf0d8 Reconstituer le cheptel, d\u2019autant qu\u2019il s\u2019agit de populations nomades\n\uf0d8 Les NFI\n\uf0d8 L\u2019\u00e9nergie et le gaz\n\uf0d8 L\u2019alimentation du b\u00e9tail\n\n**Comment am\u00e9liorer l\u2019impact du Cash Voucher sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale**\nL\u2019accent pourrait \u00eatre mis sur :\n\n\uf0d8 L\u2019approvisionnent local des commer\u00e7ants (implication des populations h\u00f4tes)\n\uf0d8 L\u2019exploitation des mares \u00e0 travers un projet cash-for-work (argent contre travail) via le\n\nmaraichage (culture contre saisons) dans les marais creus\u00e9es par le PAM, les produits issus de\ncette production peuvent \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9 par le biais du voucher\n\uf0d8 Inciter la population locale \u00e0 la production agricole\n\uf0d8 Encourager le recrutement de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre locale.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **JOUR 2 : Jeudi 12 Septembre | Niamey**\n\n**PRESENTATION : Etude de faisabilit\u00e9 des transferts mon\u00e9taires au Burkina Faso** | _Marco_\n_Sanguineti, UNHCR HQ-Geneva_\nEn mai 2013, une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 sur les transferts mon\u00e9taires a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e conjointement par\nl\u2019UNHCR et le PAM avec pour but d\u2019\u00e9valuer la pertinence et la faisabilit\u00e9 des transferts mon\u00e9taires (TM)\ndans les camps officiels et le site de Bobo-Dioulasso.\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude, qui a comport\u00e9 un analyse des march\u00e9s et une s\u00e9rie de focus groupes et\nd\u2019entretiens semi-structur\u00e9s, a permis de d\u00e9terminer la modalit\u00e9 suivante qui inclus un mixte de\ndistribution directe de vivre et de cash:\n\n - **Nourriture** (1 203 kcal/personne/jour; 53% prot\u00e9ine; 45% iron.) **:**\n\n - **Cash:** 3 500 FCFA (7$US)/personne/mois (d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le PAM sur base de la valeur mon\u00e9taire\nde la moiti\u00e9 des denr\u00e9es de la ration livr\u00e9es au magasin)\n\n**Q & A DETAILLE :**\nQ = Comment avez-vous d\u00e9termin\u00e9 quelles denr\u00e9es/ quelles quantit\u00e9s distribuer et quelles mesures ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 mise en place pour relever les d\u00e9fis ?\nA = L\u2019identification des besoins s\u2019est faite \u00e0 travers des focus groupes. Des mesures contre les d\u00e9fis ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finies pour chaque d\u00e9fi rencontr\u00e9 (Voir slide 14)\n\nQ = Comme le transport semble cher, pourquoi ne pas amener les commer\u00e7ants au camp ?\nA = Cela r\u00e9duirait le choix (les commer\u00e7ants ne peuvent pas tout apporter), ce serait pareil que la\ndistribution traditionnelle et donc poserait les m\u00eames risques. Le cash a des avantages en mati\u00e8re de\nprotection que la distribution n\u2019a pas.\n\nQ = Comment d\u00e9finissez-vous le bon fonctionnement du march\u00e9 ?\nA = Il s\u2019agit de la capacit\u00e9 des commer\u00e7ants \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins (co\u00fbt/quantit\u00e9 de vivres requises x\nnombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s). Il faut aussi prendre en compte la qualit\u00e9 des denr\u00e9es dont les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ont\nbesoin, les infrastructures routi\u00e8res, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la zone, etc.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Projet voucher \u00ab Lessons Learned \u00bb, UNHCR Burundi** | _Tony Tumagu, UNHCR_\n_Burundi_\nUn projet pilote voucher/foires a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u0153uvre dans les 3 camps de Bwagiriza, Kinama et Musasa, au\nprofit d\u2019approximativement 25 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de f\u00e9vrier 2013 \u00e0 septembre 2013 (pour 3 mois\ninitialement) sous financement ECHO.\n\nApr\u00e8s une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 concluante, la valeur du bon d\u2019achat a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9e \u00e0 20.000 BIF soit\n13$/personne/mois.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires sont les suivants :\n\uf097 Foire organis\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on mensuelle dans les camps, bonne collaboration des diff\u00e9rents acteurs\n\uf097 Bonne acceptation du projet par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\uf097 Am\u00e9lioration du syst\u00e8me apr\u00e8s chaque foire, dur\u00e9e de la foire\n\nr\u00e9duite de 10 \u00e0 4 jours\n\uf097 Libre concurrence entre les commer\u00e7ants\n\uf097 Disponibilit\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rentes denr\u00e9es\n\uf097 Plus de choix, davantage de dignit\u00e9 et d\u2019implication pour les\n\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\uf097 Coh\u00e9sion familiale dans les m\u00e9nages renforc\u00e9e: tous les\n\nmembres de la famille sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la planification des\nachats (surtout les hommes)\n\uf097 Meilleure qualit\u00e9 des denr\u00e9es dans les foires et sur les\n\nmarch\u00e9s locaux\n\uf097 Stabilit\u00e9 des prix dans les march\u00e9s environnants\n\uf097 Augmentation de la valeur calorifique consomm\u00e9e: 2456\n\nKcal/per/jour (au 30 juin 2013)\n\n**Q & A DETAILLE :**\nQ= Changez-vous la couleur du bon ?\nA= Oui, chaque mois\n\nQ=Y a-t-il des petites coupures ? Au Niger les coupons de petites tailles ne se sont pas montr\u00e9s\npertinents.\nA= Oui m\u00eame de 500 FBU, pour faciliter les achats m\u00eame si c\u2019est plus difficile \u00e0 g\u00e9rer\n\nQ = Y a-t-il eu une analyse de risques ?\nA= Oui au d\u00e9but du projet et une analyse de la protection \u00e9galement\n\nQ= Comment g\u00e9rez-vous les listes et l\u2019identification des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ?\nA= Avec le syst\u00e8me PROGres, mais il y a un manque de contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e de la foire et donc des\nprobl\u00e8mes de tricherie. Le probl\u00e8me est aussi l\u2019absence d\u2019une institution financi\u00e8re pour s\u2019occuper de\nces aspects afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les tricheries au niveau des listes et la falsification des coupons.\n\n**TRAVAIL DE GROUPE : Discussions th\u00e9matiques**\nLes groupes de travail form\u00e9s la veille se sont r\u00e9unis \u00e0 nouveau pour \u00e9laborer des recommandations\npertinentes aux th\u00e8mes qu\u2019ils avaient d\u00e9battus pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Recommandations Groupe 1 - Partenariat**\n\n - Tenir r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement deux r\u00e9unions :\n\n`o` une \u00e0 Mangaize apr\u00e8s chaque distribution (UNHCR, PAM, IR, ASA, CNE, repr\u00e9sentants\n\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s).\n\n`o` une autre r\u00e9union de coordination \u00e0 Niamey chaque mois (UNHCR, PAM, IR, ASA, CNE,\n\nBanque) ;\n\n - \u00c9laborer un PV pour chaque r\u00e9union avec les actions \u00e0 prendre et les responsabilit\u00e9s en\nindiquant clairement qui doit prendre action;\n\n - Une personne d\u00e9finie du bureau du HCR Ouallam doit \u00eatre responsable de l\u2019organisation de ces\nr\u00e9unions, rappel email etc.\n\n - Pr\u00e9parer une mailing liste pour partager syst\u00e9matiquement les informations, avec un point focal\npar organisation (responsabilit\u00e9 du UNHCR Ouallam) ;\n\n - Favoriser l\u2019apprentissage au sein du groupe de partenaires avec un partage d\u2019information plus\nsyst\u00e9matique\n\n**Recommandations Groupe 2 - Protection**\n\n - Identifier les PBS et envoyer leur liste au PAM (question de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s temporaires) pour\ntransmission au partenaire pour que les PBS soient prioritaires pendant la distribution\n\n - Mettre en place des bons suppl\u00e9mentaires (ou cash) pour couvrir les autres besoins non\nalimentaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ;\n\n - Augmenter la valeur du voucher\n\n - Pour les familles de petite taille, promouvoir les AGR et l\u2019emploi\n\n - Augmenter le nombre de guichets de distribution pour \u00e9viter les bousculades. 200 familles par\nguichet au lieu des 500 actuellement\n\n - Pour les familles nouvellement enregistr\u00e9es, pr\u00e9voir un stock de vouchers de contingence (10 \u00e0\n15%) et d\u00e9finir les modalit\u00e9s claires d\u2019utilisation de ce stock (les inscrire dans le plan\nop\u00e9rationnel)\n\n - Concernant le non fonctionnement du comit\u00e9 des plaintes : envisager une motivation pour ses\nmembres.\n\n**Recommandations Groupe 3 \u2013 Application du voucher aux autres m\u00e9canismes de distribution**\n\n - Application du cash la distribution des NFI pour les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ;\n\n - Reconstruction du cheptel pour le cash ;\n\n - Identification d\u2019un march\u00e9 de b\u00e9tail ;\n\n - Ciblage des personnes vuln\u00e9rables ;\n\n - Favoriser l\u2019utilisation des services de banques ;\n\n - Application du cash dans le programme d\u2019\u00e9nergie gaz\n\n - Achat de nourriture pour le b\u00e9tail.\n\n**Recommandations Groupe 4 \u2013 Impact du voucher sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale/la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te**\n\n - Demander aux commer\u00e7ants de privil\u00e9gier la production locale dans leur approvisionnement\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Inciter les communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 la production\n\n - Encourager l\u2019approvisionnement en produits locaux (implication des populations h\u00f4te sur le\nmarch\u00e9 de cash voucher) mais le d\u00e9fi est que la zone d\u2019intervention est souvent d\u00e9ficitaire en\nproduction\n\n - Encourager le recours \u00e0 la main d\u2019\u0153uvre locale y inclus le transport des marchandises\n\n - Lancer un appel d\u2019offre pour donner l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 aux plus petits commer\u00e7ants de participer au\nprojet\n\n - Exploiter les mares creus\u00e9es \u00e0 travers un projet \u00ab cash-for-work \u00bb via le maraichage (cultures de\ncontre saison) ;\n\n - \u00c9largir le voucher \u00e0 d\u2019autres commer\u00e7ants disposant de certains produits alimentaires non\np\u00e9rissables,\n\n - Renouveler p\u00e9riodiquement les commer\u00e7ants\n\n**PRESENTATION : Cash transferts aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbains \u00e0 Niamey** | _Mirko Tommasi, Save the_\n_Children Niger_\nUne analyse des besoins a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite aupr\u00e8s de 1 377 m\u00e9nages (7 084 personnes qui composent les\nm\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s) r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbain \u00e0 Niamey, pour la plupart originaires du Mali. L\u2019objectif principal de\ncette enqu\u00eate \u00e9tait de r\u00e9colter des informations sur la situation des m\u00e9nages afin de pouvoir identifier\nun groupe cible pour la distribution de NFI et de cash et avoir un \u00e9tat des lieux de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des\nm\u00e9nages refugi\u00e9s dans la ville de Niamey.\n\nPour finir, 1 120 m\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s pour une distribution ponctuelle de NFI et 625 m\u00e9nages\npour la distribution de cash pour une p\u00e9riode de 4 mois. Parmi les m\u00e9nages qui recevront du cash, 310\nle recevront par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019une institution de microfinance (IMF) et 315 par transfert\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phonique. Les transferts devraient d\u00e9buter fin Septembre.\n\n**Q & A DETAILLE :**\nQ = Comment s\u2019est fait le choix des partenaires ?\nA = A travers un appel d\u2019offre. Les partenaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s en fonction du package propos\u00e9.\nL\u2019op\u00e9rateur mobile sera Airtel (qui a par ailleurs offert 315 t\u00e9l\u00e9phones solaires). L\u2019IMF sera Asusu.\n\nQ = Comment avez-vous d\u00e9fini la valeur du transfert ?\nA = Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie par l\u2019UNHCR \u00e0 30 000 FCFA, ce qui est \u00e9quivalent au SMIG (30 500 FCFA)\n\nQ = Avez-vous pens\u00e9 \u00e0 harmoniser la valeur du transfert aux montants/ autres intervenants ?\nA = Oui et non. Le contexte/objectif du projet est diff\u00e9rent. On va int\u00e9grer les enseignements tir\u00e9s de\ntous.\n\nCommentaires : Il vaudrait mieux faire une sensibilisation par arrondissements\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A = Il est difficile de trouver les m\u00e9nages car ils vivent dans la rue et sont donc tr\u00e8s mobiles. On va\ntravailler avec les comit\u00e9s de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s mais m\u00eame cela pose des d\u00e9fis. Fin Aout, les op\u00e9rateurs\nt\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques ont d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9 les num\u00e9ros non identifi\u00e9s, ce qui a davantage compliqu\u00e9 les choses.\n\nQ = Quels sont les dispositifs mis en place pour faire l\u2019\u00e9valuation ? Qu\u2019en sera-t-il des non\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ? Comment mesurer le contrefacteur (ce qui se serait produit sans l\u2019intervention) ?\nA = Nous sommes en contexte urbain et d\u2019autres interventions sont en cours donc la mesure du\ncontrefacteur n\u2019est pas possible, d\u2019autant que les besoins des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont multiples. Une enqu\u00eate sera\nconduite aupr\u00e8s des non-b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du programme mais le souci est qu\u2019ils sont souvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires\nd\u2019interventions d\u2019autres organisations. La question sera pos\u00e9e concernant l\u2019assistance que les nonb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires auraient re\u00e7ue en dehors du programme.\n\nQ = S\u2019agit-il seulement des refugi\u00e9s maliens ?\nA = Non pas initialement, mais on n\u2019a trouv\u00e9 que les maliens. Certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont pas int\u00e9ress\u00e9s de\nparticiper \u00e0 un projet. Ils se d\u00e9brouillent depuis un an et ne veulent pas de \u00ab bla-bla \u00bb\n\nQ = Que veut dire vivre dans la rue ? Quels sont les d\u00e9fis en mati\u00e8re de protection ?\nA= Vivre dans la rue c\u2019est vivre sans abri fixe. Le fait m\u00eame de vivre dans la rue est une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 :\nl\u2019absence d\u2019habitat. La majorit\u00e9 des personnes identifi\u00e9es sont des femmes. Il a beaucoup de jeunes\nfilles enceintes et allaitantes.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Projet pilote de distribution de gaz dans le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Abala** |\n_Mahamat Sarmadji, ACTED Niger_\n\nSuite aux enseignements tir\u00e9s d\u2019un projet pilot de distribution de source d\u2019\u00e9nergie (charbon min\u00e9ral, de\np\u00e9trole et de gaz) \u00e0 150 m\u00e9nages du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Abala, du 10 avril au 5 mai 2013, l\u2019option a \u00e9t\u00e9\nretenue de fournir des bouteilles de gaz \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du camp (pr\u00e8s de 2 700 m\u00e9nages) via\nun syst\u00e8me de voucher.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Q & A DETAILLE :**\nQ= Que faire en cas de perte de la carte de distribution/voucher ? Y\u2019a-t-il un comit\u00e9 de litige ?\nA = Oui, il y a un comit\u00e9 de litige qui est m\u00eame pr\u00e9sent pendant la distribution. Les d\u00e9clarations de perte\nsont faites \u00e0 la gendarmerie pour 5000F CFA ce qui r\u00e9duit les d\u00e9clarations frauduleuses. Le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire\n\u00e9marge le registre \u00e0 chaque distribution en plus sa carte est tamponn\u00e9e. Il y a \u00e9galement un plan de\ncontingence avec 10% de surplus pour remplacer les pertes/vols de NFI. Une fois la distribution finie, on\npart \u00e0 la recherche des absents.\n\nQ= Comment g\u00e9rez-vous les d\u00e9parts non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s ?\nA = Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s quittent le camp m\u00eame avec la tente de l\u2019UNHCR, il est dont fort possible qu\u2019ils partent\navec leur bonbonne de gaz.\nCommentaires/ d\u00e9bat : La bouteille de gaz appartient-elle au r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 au m\u00eame titre que les autres NFI ?\nSi oui, il faut donc faire attention aux cas de revente/trafic de bonbonnes.\n\nQ = Comment d\u00e9terminez-vous le nombre de bonbonne par m\u00e9nages ? Est-ce en fonction de leur taille ?\nA = La quantit\u00e9 de gaz a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au cours du pilot. C\u2019est la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 pour toutes les tailles\nde m\u00e9nage. Les bonbonnes distribu\u00e9es sont de 6kg, 2 fois par mois, soit au total 12 kg.\n\nQ = Qu\u2019en est-il des familles qui n\u2019ont pas fini leur bouteille ?\nA = On \u00e9change de gaz en remettant sa bouteille vide. Comme il est imp\u00e9ratif que la bouteille soit vide,\npeut-\u00eatre cela va-t-il donner lieu \u00e0 des gaspillages.\n\n**PRESENTATION : Aper\u00e7u des transferts mon\u00e9taires UNHCR en Afrique de l'Ouest** | _Laura_\n_Buffoni, UNHCR RO-Dakar_\nLes activit\u00e9s de transferts mon\u00e9taires de l\u2019UNHCR en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest s\u2019effectuent essentiellement\ndans le cadre de :\n\n - Solutions durables\n\n - Protection sociale\n\n - Moyens de subsistance\n\nA ce jour, il reste encore un long chemin \u00e0 accomplir pour :\n\n - Exploiter les potentialit\u00e9s des transferts mon\u00e9taires et de leur utilisation\n\n - Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019UNHCR et de ses partenaires (analyse des aspects cl\u00e9s pour la mise\nen \u0153uvre des C&V, analyse des march\u00e9s, suivi, etc.) \u00e0 travers des formations/CaLP\n\n - Promouvoir l\u2019acceptation de l\u2019outil au sein de l\u2019UNHCR (autonomisation; gestion des risques) et\ndes communaut\u00e9s\n\n - Promouvoir des syst\u00e8mes des distributions innovants, en collaboration avec des partenaires\nop\u00e9rationnels et financiers et \u00e0 travers les nouvelles technologies disponibles\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PRESENTATION : Perspectives du UNHCR pour les transferts mon\u00e9taires** | _Marco Sanguineti,_\n_UNHCR HQ-Geneva_\nL\u2019UNHCR intervient dans une multitude de contexte avec des op\u00e9rations aux objectifs multiples. A\nl\u2019heure actuelle :\n\n- 67 Bureaux Pays utilisent les transferts mon\u00e9taires, plus de 150 millions de dollars ont \u00e9t\u00e9 distribu\u00e9s\nen 2013 et 1 300 000 de PoC assist\u00e9s\n\n- 1 seul employ\u00e9 \u00e0 temps plein travaille sur le C&V avec un r\u00f4le d\u2019appui aux bureaux pays\n\n- Le document \u201cIntroduction to cash-based interventions in UNHCR op\u00e9rations\u201d rend compte du parti\npris par l\u2019UNHCR d\u2019utiliser les transferts mon\u00e9taires comme outils pour renforcer la protection et les\nsolutions pour les personnes relevant de son mandat. Le cash et les vouchers sont de plus en plus\nsyst\u00e9matiquement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme option d\u2019assistance\n\nLes perspectives \u00e0 court et moyen termes incluent :\n\n - La mise en place d\u2019une unit\u00e9 Cash & Voucher\n\n - Un groupe de travail Cash & Voucher\n\n - Des outils et documents internes au UNHCR sur le Cash & les Vouchers\n\n - Des partenariats\n\n - Le d\u00e9veloppement et le renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle \u00e0 travers de nouveaux outils\net des formations\n\n**Q&A COMBINES DES DEUX PRESENTATIONS**\nQ = Quels sont les d\u00e9fis pour adapter les exp\u00e9riences des autres pays ?\nA = Il y a des diff\u00e9rences dans les comp\u00e9tences internes de l\u2019UNHCR pour g\u00e9rer les programme de\ntransferts mon\u00e9taires. Les infrastructures \u00e9galement diff\u00e8rent d\u2019un pays \u00e0 un autre (la couverture\nbancaire, etc.). Il a plus d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans certains domaines d\u2019intervention que dans d\u2019autres. Par\nexemple, on connait mieux les besoins en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (2100 Kcal/jour) qu\u2019en\nmati\u00e8re de consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.\n\nQ = Comment harmoniser les interventions/valeur des transferts etc. ?\nA = Des cadres de coordination existent dans chaque pays, par exemple les groupes de travail\ntechniques comme le CaLP\n\nQ = Comment \u00e9viter une mauvaise utilisation du transfert mon\u00e9taire ?\nA = Il y a beaucoup de d\u00e9bats autour des modalit\u00e9s de transfert (coupon ou cash ?) parce qu\u2019on veut\ncontr\u00f4ler les d\u00e9penses des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires mais en fait, les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires vont toujours trouver un moyen\nde se procurer ce qu\u2019ils veulent, m\u00eame \u00e0 travers la revente des vivres etc. Il faut faire de la\nsensibilisation.\n\nCommentaire : Souvent la sensibilisation ne suffit pas, le facteur de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 est important car\nquand les besoins sont nombreux, ils sont en conflit. Un transfert destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la nourriture peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9\npour l\u2019\u00e9ducation au moment de la rentr\u00e9e scolaire.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **REFLEXIONS COMMUNES**\n\nLes remarques suivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mises en session pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re \u00e0 titre de r\u00e9flexion commune et de\nrecommandations pour le projet et la mise en \u0153uvre de programme d\u2019interventions mon\u00e9tis\u00e9es au\nNiger.\n\n**Acted :**\n\n - Cet atelier d\u00e9montre qu\u2019il faut un \u0153il ext\u00e9rieur pour d\u00e9couvrir les failles de son projet\n\n - Il faut faire un plaidoyer pour mettre en place des projets de transfert mon\u00e9taires. Trop de\nprojets pilotes emp\u00eachent la mise en place de strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 plus long terme mieux adapt\u00e9es pour\ncertaines populations\n\n - Cet atelier d\u00e9montre la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un planning r\u00e9gulier pour faire des r\u00e9unions de bilan tous les\n3 mois\n\n**Banque Atlantique :**\n\n - Nous sommes ravis de voir que le projet de Mangaize fonctionne mieux que les autres\n\n**Commission National d\u2019Eligibilit\u00e9 :**\n\n - Il faut revoir la valeur du coupon \u00e0 la hausse. Etendre le projet de coupon gaz \u00e0 Mangaize qui est\nune zone d\u00e9sertique.\n\n**Concern Worldwide :**\n\n - Il est important de v\u00e9rifier la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9. S\u2019assurer que les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bien servis. Faire\nfonctionner le comit\u00e9 de gestion des plaintes (IRW : En mati\u00e8re de gestion des plaintes, les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019ancien syst\u00e8me de gestion des plaintes \u00e0 travers les chefs de\nquartier)\n\n - Il semble essentiel de renforcer les cadres d\u2019\u00e9change\n\n**International Rescue Committee (IRC) :**\n\n - Quel cadrage de la phase pilote ? Que doit-il se passer apr\u00e8s ? Que faire des enseignements\ntir\u00e9s ? Il faut consid\u00e9rer les impacts n\u00e9gatifs pour en retirer un projet qui fonctionne bien.\n\n**Islamic Relief Worldwide (IRW) :**\n\n - Il faut harmoniser le budget du projet en fonction des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du plan op\u00e9rationnel, partager\nla liste des PBS pour que leurs besoins soient mieux pris en compte\n\n - Il reste \u00e0 mieux comprendre quels b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sont \u00e0 tirer des e-vouchers compar\u00e9 aux vouchers\n\n**PAM :**\n\n - D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la conception du projet, il faut impliquer une personne ressource pour les\nquestions de protection de mani\u00e8re permanente et sans interruption\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont oblig\u00e9s de vendre une partie des produits alimentaires pour satisfaire leur\nbesoins non alimentaires. Il faudrait que le minimum de leur besoin non alimentaires soit\nsatisfait avec des bons suppl\u00e9mentaires ou du cash ;\n\n - Il est n\u00e9cessaire de v\u00e9rifier la taille des m\u00e9nages et mettre \u00e0 jour la liste des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ;\n\n - Conform\u00e9ment au Plan Op\u00e9rationnel, il faut partager la liste des femmes ;\n\n - Soumettre la liste des nouveaux arrivants au PAM avant le 23 de chaque mois.\n\n**UNHCR :**\n\n - Une mise \u00e0 jour du plan op\u00e9rationnel du programme est n\u00e9cessaire pour clarifier le r\u00f4le des uns\net des autres. Il faut mettre en place un programme de renforcement des comp\u00e9tences.\n\n - Il y a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 des transferts mon\u00e9taires et coupons gaz pour les\nzones d\u2019accueil de Tzadite et Intikane\n\n - Il y a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une meilleure prise en compte des nouveaux arrivants\n\n - Il faut am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 des vouchers pour \u00e9viter que certains b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires ne soient pas\nservis et donner la possibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 IRW de g\u00e9rer un stock de coupons pour rem\u00e9dier plus\nrapidement ces situations\n\n - Il faut revoir les TDR du comit\u00e9 de gestion des plaintes pour d\u00e9crire comment r\u00e9soudre les\nplaintes\n\n - Il faut am\u00e9liorer la communication avec les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, leur faire une restitution des\ndiscussions\n\n - Il faut organiser une visite des commer\u00e7ants de Mangaize \u00e0 Abala pour le partage d\u2019exp\u00e9rience\n\n - Il y a un besoin de mesures d\u2019accompagnement pour ces nouvelles m\u00e9thodologies,\n\n**UNOCHA** :\n\n - Il ne faut pas n\u00e9gliger la prise en compte des probl\u00e8mes de caste pour \u00e9viter l\u2019exploitation des\npersonnes d\u2019une caste inferieure.\n\n - Il ne faut pas n\u00e9gliger le danger de la pr\u00e9sence de centaines de bouteille de gaz dans un camp de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (Acted : la formation d\u2019au moins un membre de la famille a l\u2019utilisation des extincteurs\nqui sont mis \u00e0 disposition dans chaque ilot a eu lieu)\n\n - Pensez \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la coordination et privil\u00e9gier la communication\n\n - Il faut faire un compte rendu de l\u2019atelier et le partager avec le bureau y inclus les pr\u00e9sentations\npour montrer les forces et faiblesse de l\u2019atelier, \u00e9mettre davantage des recommandations et les\npartager aux prochaines r\u00e9unions de coordinations de l\u2019UNHRC.\n\n### **ACTIONS CLES A MENER**\n\nEn conclusion des d\u00e9bats et r\u00e9flexions de l\u2019atelier les priorit\u00e9s suivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es pour action\nimm\u00e9diate.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Actions requises|Responsabilit\u00e9|Soutien|\n|---|---|---|\n|**1. **Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019organisation de la distribution afin de
mieux servir les plus vuln\u00e9rables
\uf0b7
Servir les PBS en priorit\u00e9
\uf0b7
Augmenter le nombre de guichet
\uf0b7
Mettre en place un stock de contingence
de voucher pour rem\u00e9dier aux erreurs
d\u2019impression/omission de noms sur la
liste etc.
\uf0b7
Reprendre la distribution du Super
C\u00e9r\u00e9ale|IRW & PAM|UNHCR|\n|**2. **Am\u00e9liorer la communication autour du projet et
la coordination des activit\u00e9s
\uf0b7
Augmenter l\u2019implication des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans
la gestion du projet (invitation aux
r\u00e9unions/ partage des comptes rendu des
r\u00e9unions, prise de d\u00e9cision coll\u00e9giale, etc.|UNHCR & PAM|IRW|\n|**3. **Remettre en place le comit\u00e9 de gestion des
plaintes
\uf0b7
Mettre \u00e0 jour les termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences
pour inclure des actions pr\u00e9cises \u00e0
prendre une gestion effective des plaintes
\uf0b7
Faire le suivi de la r\u00e9solution rapide des
plaintes|UNHCR & IRW|PAM|\n|**4. **Remettre en place le syst\u00e8me de transport pour
les PBS
\uf0b7
S\u2019assurer de son bon fonctionnement
avec des log-sheet de transport etc.|UNHCR & ASA|IRW|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **JOUR 3 : VENDREDI 13 SEPTEMBRE | MANGA\u00cfZE**\n\nUne visite du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e avec 18 participants repr\u00e9sentant l\u2019UNHCR,\nIRC, la Banque Atlantique, Oxfam, Acted, la CNE, ASA et Concern.\n\nUne rencontre a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e avec les participants au programme et le comit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nUne discussion de groupe avec les commer\u00e7ants participants, ainsi qu\u2019une visite de leur magasin.\n\n\nNB. Riz am\u00e9ricain issus du programme de mon\u00e9tisation men\u00e9 par l\u2019ONG Concern.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Annexe**\n\n**Annexe 1 : Agenda**\n\n**JOUR 1 : Mercredi 11 Septembre | Niamey**\n\n8.30-8.45 Arriv\u00e9e des participants et enregistrement\n8.45-9.15 Allocutions d\u2019ouverture | _PAM Niger, UNHCR Niger_\n9.15-9.45 Pr\u00e9sentation des participants & Objectifs de l\u2019atelier\n9.45-10.30 Mise en contexte\n**Les op\u00e9rations du UNHCR au Niger** | _Algassimou Bah, UNHCR Niger_\n**Les transferts sociaux de PAM Niger** | _Giorgi Dolizde, PAM Niger_\n**Cadre de collaboration \u00ab cash \u00bb UNHCR/PAM** | _Marco Sanguineti, UNHCR HQ-Geneva_\n10.45-11.00 Pause-caf\u00e9\n11.00-12.30 **Le Programme Cash Voucher au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze** | _Giorgi Dolizde, PAM_\n_Niger_\n12.30-13.15 **R\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 mi-parcours** | _Allison Osterman, PAM Niger et Koko\u00e9vi_\n_Sossouvi, UNHCR Niger_\n13.15-14.30 D\u00e9jeuner\n14.30-15.15 **R\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 mi-parcours (suite)** | _Allison Osterman, PAM Niger et_\n_Koko\u00e9vi Sossouvi, UNHCR Niger_\n15.15-16.00 Discussions th\u00e9matiques\n16.15-16.30 Pause-caf\u00e9\n16.30-17.30 Discussions th\u00e9matiques (suite)\n\n**JOUR 2 : Jeudi 12 Septembre | Niamey**\n9.00-9.15 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats de la veille & Logistique\n9.15-10.15 Les exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9gionales de transferts mon\u00e9taires du UNHCR\n**Etude de faisabilit\u00e9 des transferts mon\u00e9taires au Burkina Faso** | _Marco Sanguineti,_\n_UNHCR HQ-Geneva_\n**Projet voucher \u00ab Lessons Learned \u00bb, UNHCR Burundi** | _Tony Tumagu, UNHCR Burundi_\n10.15-10.30 Pause-caf\u00e9\n10.30-12.00 Discussions th\u00e9matiques\n12.00-13.15 Perspectives futures\n**Cash transferts aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s urbains \u00e0 Niamey** | _Mirko Tommasi, Save the Children Niger_\n**Projet pilote de distribution de gaz dans le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Abala** | _Mahamat_\n_Sarmadji, ACTED Niger_\n13.15-14.30 D\u00e9jeuner\n14.30-15.30 UNHCR Cash \u00ab \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle \u00bb - Strat\u00e9gies, Outils et Ex\u00e9cution\n**Aper\u00e7u des transferts mon\u00e9taires UNHCR en Afrique de l'Ouest** | _Laura Buffoni, UNHCR_\n_RO-Dakar_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Perspectives du UNHCR pour les transferts mon\u00e9taires** | _Marco Sanguineti, UNHCR_\n_HQ-Geneva_\n15.30-15.45 Pause-caf\u00e9\n15.45-17.00 R\u00e9flexions communes/Wrap up\n\n**JOUR 3 : Vendredi 13 Septembre | Manga\u00efze \u2013 Optionnel**\n\n - Visite du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Manga\u00efze\n\n - Rencontre avec les participants au programme\n\n - Visite des commer\u00e7ants\n\n**Annexe 2 : Liste des participants**\n\n\n|#|Nom|Organisation|E-mail|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Cl\u00e9ment Gbedey|Acted|gbedey_clement@yahoo.fr|\n|2|Mahamat Sarmadji|Acted|mahamat.sarmadji@acted.org|\n|3|Nicolas Casale|Acted|nicolas.casale@acted.org|\n|4|Fanny Del|Acted|fanny.del@acted.org|\n|5|Arami Mohamed|Akarass|ong_akarass@yahoo.fr|\n|6|Lattoh Serge ,|ASA|latserge@yahoo.fr|\n|7|Issa Mahamadou,|Banque Atlantique|mahamadou.issa@banque.atlantique.net|\n|8|Madame Dicko Kadidiatou Diallo|Cadev Niamey|diallokadidiatou96@yahoo.fr|\n|9|Sabine Attama|Cadev Niamey|cadevny@internet.ne|\n|10|Karimou Bassirou|Cellule Filets Sociaux|bkarimou2007@yahoo.fr|\n|11|Hachimou Yahaya|Cellule Filets Sociaux|hachimouy@gmail.com|\n|12|Souleymane Karidio|Concern|souleymane.karidio@concern.net|\n|13|Salissou Liman|Concern|salissou.himan@concern.net|\n|14|Shane O'connor|Concern|shane.oconnor@concern.net|\n|15|Innocent Nsengiyumva|IRC|innicent.nsengiyumva@resue.or|\n|16|Abdoulaye Ismail|Islamic Relief|abdoulaye@islamic-relief.org.ne|\n|17|Ouma Kaltoumi Sahabi|Islamic Relief|ouma.sahabi@islamic-relief.org.ne|\n|18|Ibrahim Ramatou|ONUSIDA||\n|19|Marlies Lensink|Oxfam|MLensink@oxfam.org.uk|\n|20|Hassimi Hassane Diallo|Oxfam|hassimidiallo@yahoo.fr|\n|21|Ibrahim Kadi Zeida|Oxfam|ibrahimzeid@yahoo.fr|\n|22|Babari Ibro|Oxfam|ibrobabari@yahoo.fr|\n|23|Tito Nikodimos|PAM|tito.nikodimos@wfp.org|\n|24|Giorgi Dolidze|PAM|giorgi.dolidze@wfp.org|\n|25|Sidiki Traor\u00e9 Boubacar|PAM|sidiki.traore.boubacar@wfp.org|\n|26|Djibir Malamidi|PAM|djibril.malamidi@wfp.org|\n|27|Ibrahim Sofomagagi|PAM|ibrahim.sofomagagi@wfp.org|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|28|Margaret Rehm|PAM|margar.rehm@wfp.org|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|29|Allison Osterman|PAM|allison.osterman@wfp.org|\n|30|Sarah Ferdjani|PAM|sarah.ferdjani@unhcr.org|\n|31|Koffi Adossi|UNHCR|adossi@unhcr.org|\n|32|Saley Bougi Chaibou|UNHCR|saleybo@unhcr.org|\n|33|Omadjang Amang Sophie-Lin|UNHCR|omadjang@unhcr.org|\n|34|Bah Algassimou|UNHCR|bahalg@unhcr.org|\n|35|Dagbelou Colman Goerges|UNHCR|dagbelou@unhcr.org|\n|36|Marco Sanguineti|UNHCR|sanguine@unhcr.org|\n|37|Boubacar Younoussa Siddo|UNHCR|boubacar@unhcr.org|\n|38|Kokoevi Sossouvi|UNHCR|sossouvi@unhcr.org|\n|39|Hadizatou Kane|UNHCR|kaneh@unhcr.org|\n|40|Abdoulahi Tambari|UNHCR|tambari@unhcr.org|\n|41|Barry Ahmadou|UNHCR|amadouh@unhcr.org|\n|42|Zeinabou Amadou Hima|UNHCR|amadouh@unhcr.org|\n|43|Tony Tumagu|UNHCR BURUNDI|tumagu@unhcr.org|\n|44|Serge Oudrago|UNHCR|ouedraos@unhcr.org|\n|45|Sheldon Munihre|UNHCR|MUNIHIRE@unhcr.org|\n|46|Laura Buffoni|UNHCR|buffoni@unhcr.org|\n|47|Biga Diambeidou|UNOCHA|bigadiambeidou@un.org|\n|48|Mounkainala Abdriuhamane|CNE|dramounkaila@yahoo.fr|\n|49|Idrissa Abou|CNE|allahbia@yahoo.fr|\n|50|Mossi Boureima|CNE|mossiboureima@yahoo.fr|\n|51|Bari Mamane Mourtala|ONG KARKARA||\n|52|Abdelkader Ibrahim|Plan Niger|akader9@hotmail.com|\n|53|Hadizatou Gado|UNICEF|hgado@unicef.org|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eba7d542-449c-3aed-9719-9a41d64d9d21/rapport-de-latelier-cash-voucher-sept-2013-final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_905/raw/doc_905_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_905/raw/doc_905_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index fb5606cc5bad9c564cb8e6074732a5bd12d6d0ea..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_905/raw/doc_905_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Rapport atelier du** **Groupe de Travail Lutte AntiMines** **Humanitaire**\n\n#### 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Table des mati\u00e8res** Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 I. Analyse du contexte : ................................................................................................ 4 1. Pr\u00e9sentation du contexte de la menace explosive au Mali en 2020 .................... 4 2. Discussion du contexte de la menace explosive................................................... 5 **II. Analyse des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunit\u00e9s et Menaces (Strengths,** Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats \u2013 SWOT) ............................................................... 6 1. Identification des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunit\u00e9s, et Menaces ......................... 6 2. Identification des sujets prioritaires de plaidoyer ................................................ 8 III. Pr\u00e9sentation des mises a jours IMAS/NILAM ........................................................ 9 Harmonisation sur les pratiques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des victimes d\u2019EE. ........................ 9 IV. Outils de sensibilisation en \u00e9ducation au risque ................................................. 10 V. Plan de travail GTLAMH 2021 .............................................................................. 11 VI. R\u00e9vision des termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du GTLAMH ................................................... 12 VII. ANNEXES .............................................................................................................. 13 a. Agenda de l\u2019atelier ............................................................................................. 14 b. Liste des commissions de travail : ...................................................................... 15 c. Liste de pr\u00e9sence ............................................................................................... 16 d. Liste de pr\u00e9sence sign\u00e9e ...................................................................................... 1 e. Photo de groupe (10 f\u00e9vrier 2021) ....................................................................... 3 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Introduction**\n\n#### Le groupe de Travail Lutte AntiMines Humanitaire (GTLAMH) dans le cadre de la mise en \u0153uvre de ses activit\u00e9s programm\u00e9es, a organis\u00e9 les 9 et 10 f\u00e9vrier 2021 \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4tel \u00ab ONOMO \u00bb de Bamako, un atelier regroupant ses membres et observateurs. Vu le contexte de Covid 19, l\u2019atelier a \u00e9t\u00e9 tenu en mode pr\u00e9sentiel et virtuel. Cet atelier s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre de la revue annuelle des grandes questions organisationnelles et programmatiques. Il permet aux membres de se rencontrer et d\u2019\u00e9changer sur les questions strat\u00e9giques du GTLAMH, et renouveler ses orientations en termes de coordination, de plaidoyer, de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s mais aussi en termes de support institutionnel et organisationnel. Les travaux ont ainsi port\u00e9 sur les grandes lignes suivantes : \u25cf Analyse du Contexte \u25cf Analyse des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunit\u00e9s et Menaces du GTLAMH \u25cf Les mises \u00e0 jours du IMAS/NILAM \u25cf Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des victimes \u25cf Les outils de sensibilisation en \u00e9ducation aux risques \u25cf Plan de travail 2021 du GTLAMH \u25cf R\u00e9vision des Termes de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du GTLAMH L\u2019animation de cet atelier a combin\u00e9 des pr\u00e9sentations suivies de discussions participatives et des travaux de groupes avec des restitutions en pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re. 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **I. Analyse du contexte :**\n### **1. Pr\u00e9sentation du contexte de la menace explosive au Mali en 2020**\n\nLa pr\u00e9sentation du contexte de la menace explosive a concern\u00e9 les points suivants :\n\n\n - Aper\u00e7u de la menace explosive du 1 [er] janvier au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2020\n\n - Aper\u00e7u de la menace explosive du 1 [er] janvier 2021 au 31 janvier 2021\n\n\nAper\u00e7u de la menace explosive du 1 [er] janvier au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2020 :\n\n\nCette pr\u00e9sentation a concern\u00e9 les informations relatives aux incidents li\u00e9s aux EEI/mines, les REG ainsi\nqu\u2019un aper\u00e7u sur les victimes.\n\n\nIl ressort de cet aper\u00e7u que :\n\n\n - Le total des incidents EEI/mines en 2020 est de 169 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en baisse par rapport \u00e0 2019\nqui comptabilisent 194 incidents. Ces incidents ont fait 363 victimes dont 76 tu\u00e9s et 287\nbless\u00e9s. Le nombre de victimes est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en baisse par rapport \u00e0 2019 (469 victimes dont\n140 tu\u00e9s et 329 bless\u00e9s). Les civils repr\u00e9sentent 48% des victimes EEI/Mines.\n\n - Au niveau des r\u00e9gions, Mopti repr\u00e9sente 48% du total des incidents EEI/Mine enregistr\u00e9s en\n2020, S\u00e9gou 5%, Kidal 23%, Gao 18%, et Tombouctou, 5%.\n\n - Le total des incident REG en 2020 est de 6 ayant fait 11 victimes. En l\u00e9g\u00e8re hausse par rapport\n\u00e0 2019 (6 victimes).\n\n - Le centre du Mali reste le plus touch\u00e9 (48% des incidents).\n\n\nAper\u00e7u de la menace explosive du 1 [er] janvier 2021 au 31 janvier 2021\n\n\n - 25 incidents d'incidents ont eu lieu en janvier 2021 faisant 67 victimes dont 15 tu\u00e9s et 52\nbless\u00e9s.\n\n - Cette tendance en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e nous montre que 56% des incidents EEI/Mines ont lieu \u00e0\nMopti, 12% \u00e0 S\u00e9gou, 16% \u00e0 Kidal et 8% \u00e0 Tombouctou. Les civils repr\u00e9sentent 10% des victimes\nde ces incidents et les forces nationale et internationale 90%\n\n - Le seul incident impliquant un REG a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en 2021 \u00e0 Mopti et a fait 5 victimes dont 3\ntu\u00e9s et 2 bless\u00e9s.\n\n\nConclusion sur l\u2019aper\u00e7u de la menace explosive au Mali :\n\n - Depuis 2016-2017, la menace explosive se traduit par une forte augmentation des incidents li\u00e9s\naux EEI/mines, pass\u00e9s de 129 et 123 incidents en 2016 et 2017, \u00e0 plus de 200 en 2018. En 2020,\n169 incidents li\u00e9s aux EEI/mines ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9, une diminution par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et marquant une tendance l\u00e9g\u00e8rement \u00e0 la baisse ces trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es (2018 :\n201 incidents ; 2019 : 194 incidents; 2020 : 169).\n\n - Apr\u00e8s une augmentation notable des victimes civiles d\u2019EEI/mines et de REG entre 2016 (58\nvictimes civiles) et 2018 (249 victimes civiles), due principalement \u00e0 l\u2019intensification des incidents\n#### 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "li\u00e9s aux EEI/mines (129 incidents en 2016 et 201 incidents en 2018), le nombre de victimes civiles\ntotal d\u00e9cro\u00eet progressivement depuis 2018 (222 en 2019 et 184 en 2020), malgr\u00e9 une l\u00e9g\u00e8re\naugmentation des victimes de REG en 2020 (de 6 en 2019 \u00e0 11 en 2020). N\u00e9anmoins, les civils\ndemeurent le groupe de population le plus vuln\u00e9rable et impact\u00e9, repr\u00e9sentant 51% de la\ntotalit\u00e9 des victimes d\u2019EEI/mines en 2020.\n\n### **2. Discussion du contexte de la menace explosive**\n\n\nQuelques questions soulev\u00e9es :\n\n\n - Existe-il un dispositif de surveillance de la menace explosive dans toutes les r\u00e9gions ? Kayes\npar exemple ? Il existe des dispositifs de surveillance au niveau du centre et nord du Mali.\nMais la couverture nationale n\u2019est pas encore effective\n\n - Les civils sont de plus en plus victimes, est-ce \u00e0 dire que dans certains endroits les civiles\nsont des cibles ? Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 de constater des engins explosifs sur des voies non\nemprunt\u00e9es par les forces nationales et internationales, ayant fait des victimes parmi les\ncivils. Les avis divergent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent si les civils sont ou non cibles.\n\n - Prendre en compte la pr\u00e9sence des personnes avec handicap, dans les actions, les\nstatistiques, les planifications etc\u2026 ? Cette recommandation fait partie des points retenus\ndans le plan de travail du GTLAMH et des efforts seront men\u00e9s en termes de renforcement\ndes capacit\u00e9s mais aussi de suivi de la mise en \u0153uvre de cette recommandation.\n\n - Qui sont les poseurs des IED/Mines ? Groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques, Groupes Milices\narm\u00e9s ou Groupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense ? Les diff\u00e9rents rapports ne pr\u00e9cisent pas qui sont les\nposeurs des engins.\n\n - Existe-t-il des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019analyse pour conna\u00eetre le type d\u2019engin et la modalit\u00e9 de\nd\u00e9clenchement? Dans certains cas, les capacit\u00e9s existent pour d\u00e9terminer le type d\u2019engin\net les modalit\u00e9s de d\u00e9clenchement.\n\n#### 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **II. Analyse des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunit\u00e9s et** **Menaces (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,** **Threats \u2013 SWOT)**\n### **1. Identification des Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunit\u00e9s, et Menaces**\n\nCette activit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e \u00e0 travers 4 groupes de travail \u00e0 partir des consignes suivantes :\n\n\n - R\u00e9partition en petit groupe : GROUPE 1 : FORCES ; GROUPE 2 : FAIBLESSES ; GROUPE 3 :\nOPPORTUNIT\u00c9S ; GROUPE 4 : MENACES.\n\n\n**PRESENTATION DES RESULTATS DES TRAVAUX EN PL\u00c9NI\u00c8RE:**\n\n\n**GOUPE 1 : FORCES**\n\n\n**Forces :**\n\n\n - Diversit\u00e9 et compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9\n\n\n - Diversit\u00e9 des acteurs participant au groupe de travail (agences des nations unies, ONG internationales\net nationales, acteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rents secteurs d\u2019interventions, repr\u00e9sentants des clusters).\n\n\n - Compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 entre les diff\u00e9rents intervenants (identification des victimes, prise en charge des\nvictimes, \u00e9ducation au risque\u2026)\n\n\n - Participation des structures gouvernementales\n\n\n - Partage d\u2019information entre diff\u00e9rents clusters/secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9 permettant d\u2019adresser des probl\u00e8mes\nde mani\u00e8re transversale.\n\n\n**Coordination et standardisation :**\n\n\n - Coordination op\u00e9rationnelle entre acteurs de lutte antimines\n\n\n - Standardisation de la collecte de donn\u00e9es entre les acteurs de lutte antimines\n\n\n - Espace de convergence entre tous ces acteurs permettant d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les pratiques/activit\u00e9s.\n\n\n - Pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle des acteurs du GTLAMH dans les r\u00e9gions concern\u00e9es par la menace explosive.\n\n\n - Instance de coordination permettant la prise de position et de d\u00e9cision communes\n\n\n**Espace d\u2019\u00e9change**\n\n\n - Taille relativement r\u00e9duite facilitant les \u00e9changes\n\n\n - R\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des rencontres\n\n\n - Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un plan de travail en guise d\u2019orientation\n\n\n - Potentiel d\u2019\u00e9change d\u2019exp\u00e9riences entre acteurs\n\n#### 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GROUPE 2 : FAIBLESSES**\n\n\n - La non diversification des bailleurs pour le financement des activit\u00e9s de lutte antimines\n\n\n - Contrainte de mobilit\u00e9 des bailleurs\n\n\n - Insuffisance de financement\n\n\n - Faible coordination entre le GTLAMH et le RRM\n\n\n - Insuffisance de staff d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 la lutte antimines\n\n\n - Peu d\u2019effet aux actions de plaidoyer\n\n\n - Insuffisance de suivi des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements\n\n\n - Insuffisance de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9es (Handicap)\n\n\n - Insuffisance de support de communication IEC, de budget d\u00e9di\u00e9 pour les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques\n\n\n - Lenteur dans le transfert des comp\u00e9tences aux acteurs \u00e9tatiques\n\n\n - Faibles impl\u00e9mentations du NEXUS\n\n\n**GROUPE 3 : OPPORTUNIT\u00c9S**\n\n\n - Existence d\u2019acteurs disponibles dans le monitoring de protection (Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information)\n\n\n - Syst\u00e8me am\u00e9lior\u00e9 de collecte et de gestion des donn\u00e9es (IMSMA Core) en d\u00e9veloppement\n\n\n - Acceptance de l\u2019action humanitaire (activit\u00e9 LAMH) par les communaut\u00e9s (adh\u00e9sion)\n\n\n - Plus grande implication du Secr\u00e9tariat permanent de la Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la\nProlif\u00e9ration des Armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de Petit Calibre (SP- CNLPAL)\n\n\n - Existence de m\u00e9dias comme les canaux d\u2019information et de sensibilisation\n\n\n - Int\u00e9r\u00eat du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif aux activit\u00e9s LAMH\n\n\n - Int\u00e9r\u00eat des ONG nationales \u00e0 la LAMH\n\n\n - Existence de m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection contre les ALPC\n\n\n**GROUPE 4 : MENACES**\n\n\n**Menaces contexte :**\n\n\n - Pas de dialogue avec les poseurs d\u2019engins explosifs\n\n\n - Intensification et persistance des conflits inter et intracommunautaires\n\n\n - Les civils sont de plus en plus cibl\u00e9s\n\n\n - Routes contamin\u00e9es\n\n\n**Menaces pour le GTLAMH et les acteurs humanitaires**\n\n\n - Remise en cause de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires\n\n#### 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Les acteurs peuvent \u00eatre des cibles\n\n\n - Acc\u00e8s difficiles aux populations\n\n\n - Acteurs humanitaires confondus aux forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019aux forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res en\nles consid\u00e9rant comme des collaborateurs\n\n\n - Le non-respect des principes humanitaires et du Do No Harm\n\n\n - Sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la communication\n\n\n - Mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation des messages et outils de sensibilisation utilis\u00e9s\n\n\nMesures de Mitigation :\n\n\n - Respect strict des principes humanitaires et du Do No Harm\n\n\n - Renforcer notre approche communautaire (Acceptance, Collaboration, inclusion, points focaux\ncommunautaires\u2026)\n\n\n - Renforcer la collaboration avec les services techniques d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s de l\u2019Etat\n\n\n - Plaidoyer pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une Autorit\u00e9 Nationale de Lutte Antimines\n\n### **2. Identification des sujets prioritaires de plaidoyer**\n\n\nCette activit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e en brainstorming et les propositions issues de ce travail seront ult\u00e9rieurement\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par un groupe d\u2019action et de r\u00e9flexion, afin d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 des th\u00e9matiques/messages de plaidoyer, a\nutiliser dans le cadre des initiatives de plaidoyer du groupe mais aussi plus globalement du cluster protection\n\n\nLes sujets suivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9s :\n\n\n - Mettre l\u2019accent sur l'\u00e9tendue de la menace explosive, qui persiste et de son caract\u00e8re indiscrimin\u00e9 au\nMali, ayant un impact physique et mat\u00e9riel mais aussi psychologique sur la population civile, bien\nqu\u2019elle ne soit cibl\u00e9e.\n\n - Plaidoyer pour le financement\n\n - Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des acteurs de protection, \u00e9ducation et sant\u00e9 pour int\u00e9grer le secteur de l\u2019action\ncontre les mines dans les activit\u00e9s respectives (Transversalit\u00e9 de l\u2019action contre les mines dans la\nprotection, l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9).\n\n - Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n - La complexit\u00e9 du contexte malien.\n\n - L\u2019ampleur r\u00e9gionale de la menace explosive.\n\n - Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 nationale de l\u2019action contre les mines.\n\n - Renforcement de la collaboration entre le GTLAMH et la SP-CNLPAL.\n\n - Continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019action de l\u2019Action contre les mines humanitaires.\n\n\nLes membres de la Commission de travail sur les sujets de plaidoyer qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retenus sont:\n\n\n - SP-CNLPAL, Cmt Gaoussous Sow\n\n - MAG, Benoit P\n#### 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Cluster Education, Patrick L\n\n - UNMAS, Nora & Bachiaka(TBD),\n\n - DRC, Bassidi Dembele,\n\n - HI, Soundjo Idrissa Coulibaly\n\n - AAPPOR, Abdrhamane Diabat\u00e9\n\n## **III. Pr\u00e9sentation des mises a jours IMAS/NILAM**\n\n\nUNMAS a effectu\u00e9 une pr\u00e9sentation des mises \u00e0 jour des standards techniques suivants: NILAM 12.10\nportant sur l'\u00e9ducation aux risques des engins explosifs (derni\u00e8re modification datant septembre 2020)\net le NILAM 13.10 portant sur l\u2019assistance aux victimes, publi\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 2020, sous forme de projet. Le\ndocument \u00abStandardising beneficiary definition in Humanitarian Mine Action \u00bb, deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9dition\n(octobre 2020) a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. La session a inclus un \u00e9change concernant la d\u00e9finition de\nmine anti personnelle de nature improvis\u00e9e.\n\n\nLa pr\u00e9sentation est jointe pour plus de d\u00e9tails.\n### **Harmonisation sur les pratiques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des victimes d\u2019EE.**\n\n\nL\u2019objectif de cette session \u00e9tait de discuter avec l\u2019ensemble des membres du GTLAMH comment harmoniser et\nmieux coordonner les pratiques concernant le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des victimes d\u2019EE au Mali, s\u2019inscrivant dans le cadre\ndu m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement mis en place par le cluster protection et du m\u00e9canisme de surveillance de\ncommunication des violations graves des droits de l\u2019enfant en situation de conflit arm\u00e9 (MRM).\nUNMAS a bri\u00e8vement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le pilote commenc\u00e9 en D\u00e9cembre avec le monitoring de protection, pour\nrenforcer les liens entre le secteur de l\u2019action contre les mines au Mali et le monitoring de protection et le syst\u00e8me\nde r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement, dans l\u2019objectif d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la surveillance des victimes et la r\u00e9ponse multisectorielle aux\nbesoins des victimes identifi\u00e9es.\nLe monitoring de protection compte aujourd\u2019hui 57 moniteurs et 188 points focaux communautaires et 168\nmembres des Comit\u00e9s Locaux de Protection Communautaire distribu\u00e9s sur l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9gions du Nord du\nMali. Il est mis en \u0153uvre par l\u2019ONG nationale AMSS (Association Malienne pour la Survie du Sahel) en coop\u00e9ration\navec le HCR. Il est constitu\u00e9 par les composantes suivantes : Pr\u00e9vention et renforcement de la r\u00e9silience\ncommunautaire (sensibilisations sur les droits de l\u2019homme), la collecte et le partage d\u2019information (composante\nmonitoring), identification de cas et leur r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement, et le plaidoyer. Les assistants de protection de l\u2019AMSS\nau niveau r\u00e9gional sont les points focaux pour les r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements. AMSS met aussi en place un nouveau projet\nfocalis\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9ponse et la gestion des cas de protection.\nCe m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement inclut:\n\n - Comprendre les besoins des victimes et familles\n\n - Conna\u00eetre les services primaires et secondaires - Une cartographie des services est mise \u00e0 disposition en\nligne par le cluster protection **\u2013** **lien** .\n\n - R\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux services concern\u00e9s en utilisant la fiche de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement mise \u00e0 disposition par le cluster\nprotection\nUne fiche de suivi des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements est aussi mise \u00e0 disposition des organisations qui effectuent le\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rencement ou qui assurent la gestion des cas, pour assurer ce suivi. Ce m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement n\u2019est\n#### 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pas seulement pour les acteurs qui interviennent dans la gestion des cas, mais pour toutes les organisations qui\nidentifient des personnes dans le besoin.\nEn plus du m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement du cluster protection, il y a aussi le m\u00e9canisme de surveillance de\ncommunication des violations graves des droits de l\u2019enfant en situation de conflit arm\u00e9 (monitoring and reporting\nmecanism, MRM), parmi lesquels le meurtre ou mutilation d\u2019enfant.\nCe m\u00e9canisme assure la surveillance des incidents concernant les enfants et permet aussi le lien entre les\norganisations qui effectuent l\u2019identification et la prise en charge des besoins des enfants. Il est coordonn\u00e9 par\nl'UNICEF en coop\u00e9ration avec la section de la protection de l\u2019enfance de la MINUSMA. Le MRM coop\u00e8re avec\nl\u2019UNMAS pour la surveillance des violations graves commises envers les enfants en temps de conflit arm\u00e9 et leur\nsuivi.\nUne sensibilisation sur le MRM avait \u00e9t\u00e9 dispens\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e aux membres du GTLAMH, lors d\u2019une r\u00e9union\nmensuelle.\nDe plus, des sessions de sensibilisation et formation sont possibles pour les acteurs du GTLAMH, pour renforcer\nles capacit\u00e9s d\u2019identification et r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des besoins des victimes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9adaptation physique et au\nsupport psychosocial (PSS), en coop\u00e9ration avec le CICR et le cluster protection. Ces sessions peuvent s\u2019inscrire\ndans le plan de formation des \u00e9quipes des membres GTLAMH.\nIl y a deux possibilit\u00e9s pour la session sur le PSS : une session de sensibilisation de deux heures, une formation de\n2 jours (qui pourrait \u00e9ventuellement \u00eatre r\u00e9duite \u00e0 une journ\u00e9e). Un petit fonds pourrait \u00eatre mis \u00e0 disposition\npar NRC pour permettre la participation \u00e0 cette formation, sous r\u00e9serve de confirmation par NRC.\nLe besoin d\u2019assurer la confidentialit\u00e9 des informations concernant les victimes a \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9 (codification des\ninformations sur les victimes, Protocole de confidentialit\u00e9).\nPoints d\u2019action :\n\n - (Tous) renforcer les liens entre les victimes identifi\u00e9es et leurs besoins et le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement\ndu cluster protection, via les assistants de protection de l\u2019AMS ;\n\n - (Tous) renforcer les liens entre les victimes identifi\u00e9es qui sont des enfants et leurs besoins et le MRM;\n\n - (Tous) garder UNMAS dans la boucle pour pouvoir appuyer l\u2019harmonisation des pratiques de\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et de surveillance des incidents;\n\n - (Membres du GTLAMH int\u00e9ress\u00e9es): partager les besoins de formation en r\u00e9adaptation et PSS : cible\n(\u00e9quipes terrain, points focaux communautaires etc.), nombre de personnes, localit\u00e9s, timing\napproximatif de la formation en fonction des autres formations/r\u00e9union d\u2019\u00e9quipe pr\u00e9vues\n\n## **IV. Outils de sensibilisation en \u00e9ducation au risque**\n\n\nL\u2019atelier a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une pr\u00e9sentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des mat\u00e9riels existants et ceux en cours de\nd\u00e9veloppement.\n\n\nCertains de ces mat\u00e9riels sont en cours d\u2019utilisation et ont besoin d\u2019une mise \u00e0 jour et une adaptation\nau contexte. Afin de prendre en compte les diff\u00e9rentes pr\u00e9occupations, une commission de travail\npour recenser les besoins en termes d\u2019outils et - sur la base de l\u2019existant - le d\u00e9veloppement des outils\nde sensibilisation sera mise en place. Chaque organisation enverra le nom de son repr\u00e9sentant. Pour la\ncomposition de cette commission, l\u2019atelier recommande la participation des agents de terrain qui sont\n\n#### 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "les premiers utilisateurs de ces outils. Les organisations suivantes se sont port\u00e9es volontaires pour \u00eatre\nmembres de cette commission:\n\n\n - UNMAS\n\n - SP-CNLPAL\n\n - DRC\n\n - DCA\n\n - MAG\n\n - AJIDM\n\n - AAPPOR\n\n - CICR\n\n## **V. Plan de travail GTLAMH 2021**\n\n\nLe plan de travail structur\u00e9 en cinq outputs a \u00e9t\u00e9 parcouru : il s\u2019agit de la Coordination des actions, la\nplanification et le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019intervention et de mise en \u0153uvre, le suivi et le\nreportage, les formations et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et enfin le plaidoyer et la mobilisation des\nressources.\n\n\n - Coordination des actions : en plus des activit\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de r\u00e9union, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 4 nouvelles\nactivit\u00e9s qui sont:\n\n**1)** Organisation d\u2019ateliers th\u00e9matiques sur l\u2019accr\u00e9ditation (i); la validation des produits de\n\nl'information(ii); la collecte et le partage de donn\u00e9es; (iv) la validation de mat\u00e9riel de\nsensibilisation.\n**2)** La coordination des actions sur l\u2019inclusion des personnes avec handicap;\n**3)** Une meilleure coordination des actions contre les mines avec les autorit\u00e9s nationales,\n\nrenforcer la coordination en synergie avec les autres acteurs, incluant les clusters et\nsous clusters;\n\n#### 4) L\u2019animation de la collecte du 5W au sein du groupe de travail.\n\n - La Planification et le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019intervention et de mise en \u0153uvre: il a\n\u00e9t\u00e9 recommand\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une strat\u00e9gie triennale faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie du\ncluster protection.\n\n - Le suivi et le rapportage: une meilleure implication dans les processus de rapportage au niveau\ndu Cluster, mais aussi dans le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019outils d\u2019information et de communication \u00e0\nl\u2019interne et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du GTLAMH.\n\n - Les formations et renforcements des capacit\u00e9s : Mise en place d\u2019un plan de formation\nharmonis\u00e9 prenant en compte les besoins du GTLAMH, les besoins des autres clusters et\nacteurs humanitaires. Ce plan prendra notamment en compte les besoins de formation sur\nl\u2019inclusion des personnes en situation de handicap en collaboration avec HI.\n\n#### 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### \u25cf Le plaidoyer et la mobilisation des ressources: Les participants ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de renforcer les\n\nactions de plaidoyer et leur suivi avec notamment un groupe de travail d\u00e9di\u00e9 charg\u00e9 de\ntravailler sur la base des messages abord\u00e9s en atelier. Comme mentionn\u00e9 dans la version mise\n\u00e0 jour du plan de travail, ces efforts de plaidoyers seront d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s \u00ab afin de mobiliser des\nfonds et de promouvoir les activit\u00e9s dans la lutte antimines \u00bb. Le suivi de la mise en \u0153uvre du\nPlan de Travail serait de la responsabilit\u00e9 du Lead et Co Lead du GTLAMH. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recommand\u00e9\nlors de l\u2019atelier de r\u00e9aliser une \u00e9valuation \u00e0 mi-parcours du plan de travail en collaboration\navec les autres membres du GTLAMH. (A suivre).\n\n - Un draft du plan de travail actualis\u00e9 sera soumis pour les derni\u00e8res r\u00e9visions.\n\n## **VI. R\u00e9vision des termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du GTLAMH**\n\n\nApr\u00e8s le partage du document des termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, une br\u00e8ve pr\u00e9sentation a permis aux\nparticipants de faire des recommandations de fond et forme.\n\n\n - Analyse du contexte : il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recommand\u00e9 de mettre \u00e0 jour l\u2019analyse contextuelle et de rester\ndans la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9 afin d\u2019\u00e9viter le besoin d\u2019une mise \u00e0 jour tous les ans.\n\n - Objectifs : il a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 Area of Responsibility (AoR) Internationale\n\n - Terminologie Lutte AntiMines humanitaire : le remplacer par \u00ab Action contre les mines \u00bb Ce\nchangement sera fait dans les documents GTLAMH. Cependant, on gardera l'appellation du\nGroupe de Travail pour la Lutte AntiMines Humanitaire (GTLAMH) comme telle.\n\n - Crit\u00e8res pour adh\u00e9sion au GTLAMH : Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 recommand\u00e9 de s\u2019inspirer du mod\u00e8le et des\ncrit\u00e8res d\u2019adh\u00e9sion du cluster protection et d\u2019autres clusters. Mais comme conditions retenues,\nil a \u00e9t\u00e9 demand\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre membre du cluster protection ou d\u2019un autre cluster pour pouvoir\nadh\u00e9rer au GTLAMH. Il est \u00e9galement demand\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre une organisation l\u00e9gale reconnue par les\nautorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes maliennes ou \u00eatre une structure gouvernementale.\n\n - Les r\u00e9unions du GTLAMH sont organis\u00e9es mensuellement \u00e0 Bamako. Au niveau r\u00e9gional, les\nr\u00e9unions du GTLAMH seront organis\u00e9es en fonction de la pr\u00e9sence op\u00e9rationnelle et de la\ndisponibilit\u00e9 des acteurs.\n\n - Le r\u00f4le du Lead et Co-lead mis \u00e0 jour \u00e0 travers le suivi de la mise en \u0153uvre du plan de travail.\nPar ailleurs, le mandat du co-lead reste un an renouvelable, avec la possibilit\u00e9 pour le co-lead\nde se repr\u00e9senter \u00e0 nouveau. Le mandat du co-lead actuel \u00e9tant arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 terme, un appel \u00e0\ncandidature sera adress\u00e9 aux membres et observateurs pour le renouvellement du co-lead, sur\nla base duquel sera organis\u00e9 un vote.\n\n - Correction apport\u00e9e \u00e0 la liste des membres.\n\n - Une version r\u00e9vis\u00e9e sera soumise aux membres et observateurs du GTLAMH.\n\n#### 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **VII. ANNEXES**\n\n#### 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **a. Agenda de l\u2019atelier**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **b. Liste des commissions de travail :**\n\n#### **Commission de travail sur les messages de plaidoyer**\n\n\n - SP-CNLP, Cmt Gaoussou Sow\n\n - MAG, Benoit P\n\n - Cluster Education, Patrick L\n\n - UNMAS, Bachiaka,\n\n - UNMAS, \u2026\n\n - DRC, Bassidi Dembele,\n\n - HI, Soundjo Idrissa Coulibaly\n\n - AAPPOR, Abdrhamane Diabat\u00e9\n#### **Commission de d\u00e9veloppement des outils de sensibilisation**\n\n\n - UNMAS\n\n - SP-CNLP\n\n - DRC\n\n - DCA\n\n - MAG\n\n - AJIDM\n\n - AAPPOR\n\n - CICR\n\n#### 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **c. Liste de pr\u00e9sence**\n\n\n\n\n\n|LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS ATELIER GTLAMH|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|



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|\n|PR\u00c9NOM ET NOM
ORGANISATION
LIEU DE
RESIDENCE
MODE DE
PARTICIPATION|PR\u00c9NOM ET NOM
ORGANISATION
LIEU DE
RESIDENCE
MODE DE
PARTICIPATION|PR\u00c9NOM ET NOM
ORGANISATION
LIEU DE
RESIDENCE
MODE DE
PARTICIPATION|PR\u00c9NOM ET NOM
ORGANISATION
LIEU DE
RESIDENCE
MODE DE
PARTICIPATION|PR\u00c9NOM ET NOM
ORGANISATION
LIEU DE
RESIDENCE
MODE DE
PARTICIPATION|\n|1
Glenn Derrien
MAG
Bamako
v|1
Glenn Derrien
MAG
Bamako
v|1
Glenn Derrien
MAG
Bamako
v|1
Glenn Derrien
MAG
Bamako
v|1
Glenn Derrien
MAG
Bamako
v|\n|2
Philippe Ebhimba
MAG
Gao
v|2
Philippe Ebhimba
MAG
Gao
v|2
Philippe Ebhimba
MAG
Gao
v|2
Philippe Ebhimba
MAG
Gao
v|2
Philippe Ebhimba
MAG
Gao
v|\n|3
Moussa Dao
WEI
Bamako
v|3
Moussa Dao
WEI
Bamako
v|3
Moussa Dao
WEI
Bamako
v|3
Moussa Dao
WEI
Bamako
v|3
Moussa Dao
WEI
Bamako
v|\n|4
Solenne Noga
DRC
Bamako
v|4
Solenne Noga
DRC
Bamako
v|4
Solenne Noga
DRC
Bamako
v|4
Solenne Noga
DRC
Bamako
v|4
Solenne Noga
DRC
Bamako
v|\n|5
Claire Mohammed Petit
DCA
Bamako
v|5
Claire Mohammed Petit
DCA
Bamako
v|5
Claire Mohammed Petit
DCA
Bamako
v|5
Claire Mohammed Petit
DCA
Bamako
v|5
Claire Mohammed Petit
DCA
Bamako
v|\n|6
Benoit Poirier
MAG
Bamako
v|6
Benoit Poirier
MAG
Bamako
v|6
Benoit Poirier
MAG
Bamako
v|6
Benoit Poirier
MAG
Bamako
v|6
Benoit Poirier
MAG
Bamako
v|\n|7
Carolina Espinoza Caicedo
Unicef
Bamako
v|7
Carolina Espinoza Caicedo
Unicef
Bamako
v|7
Carolina Espinoza Caicedo
Unicef
Bamako
v|7
Carolina Espinoza Caicedo
Unicef
Bamako
v|7
Carolina Espinoza Caicedo
Unicef
Bamako
v|\n|8
Marie Emile Dozin
Cluster Prot
Bamako
v|8
Marie Emile Dozin
Cluster Prot
Bamako
v|8
Marie Emile Dozin
Cluster Prot
Bamako
v|8
Marie Emile Dozin
Cluster Prot
Bamako
v|8
Marie Emile Dozin
Cluster Prot
Bamako
v|\n|9
Nana Kadidia Ciss\u00e9
UNMAS
Bamako
p|9
Nana Kadidia Ciss\u00e9
UNMAS
Bamako
p|9
Nana Kadidia Ciss\u00e9
UNMAS
Bamako
p|9
Nana Kadidia Ciss\u00e9
UNMAS
Bamako
p|9
Nana Kadidia Ciss\u00e9
UNMAS
Bamako
p|\n|10
El Hadj Moussa Tour\u00e9
UNMAS
Tombouctou
p|10
El Hadj Moussa Tour\u00e9
UNMAS
Tombouctou
p|10
El Hadj Moussa Tour\u00e9
UNMAS
Tombouctou
p|10
El Hadj Moussa Tour\u00e9
UNMAS
Tombouctou
p|10
El Hadj Moussa Tour\u00e9
UNMAS
Tombouctou
p|\n|11
Nadia Elisa Gateka
Cluster Prot, NRC
Bamako
p|11
Nadia Elisa Gateka
Cluster Prot, NRC
Bamako
p|11
Nadia Elisa Gateka
Cluster Prot, NRC
Bamako
p|11
Nadia Elisa Gateka
Cluster Prot, NRC
Bamako
p|11
Nadia Elisa Gateka
Cluster Prot, NRC
Bamako
p|\n|12
Gaoussou Sow
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
p|12
Gaoussou Sow
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
p|12
Gaoussou Sow
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
p|12
Gaoussou Sow
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
p|12
Gaoussou Sow
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
p|\n|13
Claire Perrin- Houdon
HI
Bamako
p|13
Claire Perrin- Houdon
HI
Bamako
p|13
Claire Perrin- Houdon
HI
Bamako
p|13
Claire Perrin- Houdon
HI
Bamako
p|13
Claire Perrin- Houdon
HI
Bamako
p|\n|14
Soundjo I Coulibaly
HI
Bamako
p|14
Soundjo I Coulibaly
HI
Bamako
p|14
Soundjo I Coulibaly
HI
Bamako
p|14
Soundjo I Coulibaly
HI
Bamako
p|14
Soundjo I Coulibaly
HI
Bamako
p|\n|15
Maddalena Malgarini
UNMAS
Bamako
p|15
Maddalena Malgarini
UNMAS
Bamako
p|15
Maddalena Malgarini
UNMAS
Bamako
p|15
Maddalena Malgarini
UNMAS
Bamako
p|15
Maddalena Malgarini
UNMAS
Bamako
p|\n|16
Ousmane Sangare
UNMAS
Mopti
p|16
Ousmane Sangare
UNMAS
Mopti
p|16
Ousmane Sangare
UNMAS
Mopti
p|16
Ousmane Sangare
UNMAS
Mopti
p|16
Ousmane Sangare
UNMAS
Mopti
p|\n|17
Cyprien Ntakirutimata
CICR
Bamako
p|17
Cyprien Ntakirutimata
CICR
Bamako
p|17
Cyprien Ntakirutimata
CICR
Bamako
p|17
Cyprien Ntakirutimata
CICR
Bamako
p|17
Cyprien Ntakirutimata
CICR
Bamako
p|\n|18
Sory Ibrahima Traore\u2019
DRC
Mopti
p|18
Sory Ibrahima Traore\u2019
DRC
Mopti
p|18
Sory Ibrahima Traore\u2019
DRC
Mopti
p|18
Sory Ibrahima Traore\u2019
DRC
Mopti
p|18
Sory Ibrahima Traore\u2019
DRC
Mopti
p|\n|19
John Katho
UNMAS
Gao
p|19
John Katho
UNMAS
Gao
p|19
John Katho
UNMAS
Gao
p|19
John Katho
UNMAS
Gao
p|19
John Katho
UNMAS
Gao
p|\n|20
Hadeye Toure\u2019
UNMAS
Gao
p|20
Hadeye Toure\u2019
UNMAS
Gao
p|20
Hadeye Toure\u2019
UNMAS
Gao
p|20
Hadeye Toure\u2019
UNMAS
Gao
p|20
Hadeye Toure\u2019
UNMAS
Gao
p|\n|21
Bassidi Demb\u00e9l\u00e9
DRC
Mopti
p|21
Bassidi Demb\u00e9l\u00e9
DRC
Mopti
p|21
Bassidi Demb\u00e9l\u00e9
DRC
Mopti
p|21
Bassidi Demb\u00e9l\u00e9
DRC
Mopti
p|21
Bassidi Demb\u00e9l\u00e9
DRC
Mopti
p|\n|22
Abdrahamane Diabat\u00e9
AAPPOR
Mopti
p|22
Abdrahamane Diabat\u00e9
AAPPOR
Mopti
p|22
Abdrahamane Diabat\u00e9
AAPPOR
Mopti
p|22
Abdrahamane Diabat\u00e9
AAPPOR
Mopti
p|22
Abdrahamane Diabat\u00e9
AAPPOR
Mopti
p|\n|23
Mory Kaba
CICR
Bamako
p|23
Mory Kaba
CICR
Bamako
p|23
Mory Kaba
CICR
Bamako
p|23
Mory Kaba
CICR
Bamako
p|23
Mory Kaba
CICR
Bamako
p|\n|24
Nora Achkar
UNMAS
Bamako
P|24
Nora Achkar
UNMAS
Bamako
P|24
Nora Achkar
UNMAS
Bamako
P|24
Nora Achkar
UNMAS
Bamako
P|24
Nora Achkar
UNMAS
Bamako
P|\n|25
Bachiaka Singare
UNMAS
Bamako
p|25
Bachiaka Singare
UNMAS
Bamako
p|25
Bachiaka Singare
UNMAS
Bamako
p|25
Bachiaka Singare
UNMAS
Bamako
p|25
Bachiaka Singare
UNMAS
Bamako
p|\n|26
Adama Diarra
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
P|26
Adama Diarra
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
P|26
Adama Diarra
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
P|26
Adama Diarra
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
P|26
Adama Diarra
SP-CNLPAL
Bamako
P|\n|27
Somah Doumbia
AJDM
Bamako
P|27
Somah Doumbia
AJDM
Bamako
P|27
Somah Doumbia
AJDM
Bamako
P|27
Somah Doumbia
AJDM
Bamako
P|27
Somah Doumbia
AJDM
Bamako
P|\n|28
Almahadi Miyarata MAIGA
Tassaght
Gao
V|28
Almahadi Miyarata MAIGA
Tassaght
Gao
V|28
Almahadi Miyarata MAIGA
Tassaght
Gao
V|28
Almahadi Miyarata MAIGA
Tassaght
Gao
V|28
Almahadi Miyarata MAIGA
Tassaght
Gao
V|\n|29|Leonie Evers|UNMAS|Bamako|P|\n\n#### 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **d. Liste de pr\u00e9sence sign\u00e9e**\n\n\n#### 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **e. Photo de groupe (10 f\u00e9vrier 2021)**\n\n\n#### 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ed04e9b-0906-439d-b302-dc66b73b0577/rapport_atelier_groupe_de_travail_lutte_antimines_huanitaire_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_906/raw/doc_906_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_906/raw/doc_906_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index adfbd16a85515e2366247ebfa64d77549d178fae..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_906/raw/doc_906_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I.** **Contexte et justification de la formation**\n\n\nLe pays fait face depuis 2012 \u00e0 une situation humanitaire sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, le\ncontexte global au Mali au d\u00e9but du second semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, continue a \u00eatre marqu\u00e9\npar la persistance des chocs principaux moteurs de la crise que sont les conflits et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nmultiforme, les al\u00e9as climatiques (inondations et s\u00e9cheresses) et les urgences sanitaires et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. En ce qui concerne ce dernier choc, il a pris une dimension encore pr\u00e9occupante avec la\ntendance \u00e0 la prolongation du COVID- 19, qui est \u00e0 sa troisi\u00e8me vague au niveau du Mali. Les\nbesoins humanitaires au Mali pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 se pr\u00e9sente comme suit : 11,7 millions de personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise parmi lesquels 5,9 millions sont dans le besoin et 4,7 millions sont\ncibl\u00e9es par la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire dont 55 % d'enfants, 21 % de femmes, 21 % d'hommes et 3 %\nde personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es en besoin d\u2019assistance humanitaire. [ 1]\n\n\nLes 8 et 9 juin, l\u2019inter cluster (ICCN) avait organis\u00e9, \u00e0 Bamako, sa retraite annuelle pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e\n2021. Cette retraite a permis d\u2019examiner ses performances pour l\u2019exercice pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent, de d\u00e9gager\ndes le\u00e7ons apprises, et d\u2019adopter des priorit\u00e9s pour la nouvelle p\u00e9riode, lesquelles vont alimenter\nla mise \u00e0 jour de son plan de travail.\n\n\nUne des recommandations de la retraite avait \u00e9t\u00e9 faite \u00e0 l\u2019endroit du groupe des charg\u00e9s de\ncommunication et de plaidoyer humanitaire de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP), \u00e0 savoir d\u2019: \u00catre\nform\u00e9 sur les questions transversales au regard de leur r\u00f4le de communicateur de la situation\nhumanitaire. Car la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire doit communiquer davantage sur la situation du\npays, les contraintes et les d\u00e9fis rencontr\u00e9s tout en s\u2019assurant que les populations affect\u00e9es\ndemeurent au c\u0153ur de leur action ou que les probl\u00e9matiques qui les affectent soient bien prises\nen compte. Pour ce faire, la contribution du groupe pr\u00e9cit\u00e9 s'av\u00e8re n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\nAvec le financement d\u2019ONU Femmes Mali et l\u2019appui technique d\u2019(de/du) OCHA, la GenCap Mali,\nla Coordination du R\u00e9seau des Points Focaux Genre des clusters (RPFGC), le cluster Protection\nainsi que le Sous-cluster Violences Bas\u00e9es sur le Genre (VBG) Mali et Internews Mali, la formation\nsur les questions transversales (le Genre, la protection, la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG) et la\nprotection contre l\u2019exploitation et les abus sexuels (PEAS) pour le Groupe des charg\u00e9s de communication et de plaidoyer humanitaire de l'EHP s\u2019est tenue du 27 au 29 septembre 2021, \u00e0 Bamako.\n\n\n[1 OCHA Mali. 2021. Plan de r\u00e9ponse humanitaire Mali (janvier - d\u00e9cembre 2021). OCHA Mali. p. 5.](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/plan_de_reponse_humanitaire_-_mali_2021.pdf)\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **Objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral**\n\nL\u2019objectif de la formation \u00e9tait de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des membres du groupe des charg\u00e9s de\ncommunication et de plaidoyer humanitaire de l\u2019EHP sur les questions suivantes : le Genre, la\nredevabilit\u00e9 envers les populations affect\u00e9es (RPA) _,_ la protection, y compris la violence bas\u00e9e sur\nle genre (VBG) et la protection contre l\u2019exploitation et les abus sexuels (PEAS).\n\n\n**III.** **Objectifs sp\u00e9cifiques**\nPermettre aux membres du groupe des charg\u00e9s de communication et de plaidoyer humanitaire\nde l\u2019EHP de :\n\n - Renforcer leurs capacit\u00e9s sur les questions suivantes : le Genre, la redevabilit\u00e9 envers les\npopulations affect\u00e9es (RPA) _,_ la protection, y compris la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre (VBG)\net la protection contre l\u2019exploitation et les abus sexuels (PEAS) ;\n\n - Consolider leurs efforts de plaidoyer ainsi que la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 des actions du groupe sur les\nquestions susmentionn\u00e9es ;\n\n - Am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 des productions journalistiques (communications \u00e9crites, orales et\nmat\u00e9riels audio-visuels) en impliquant activement les communaut\u00e9s dans leurs interventions en s\u2019appuyant sur les opinions, observations et besoins des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n\n**IV.** **Public cible**\n\nLes membres du Groupe des charg\u00e9s de communication et de plaidoyer humanitaire de l\u2019Equipe\nHumanitaire Pays (EHP).\n\n\n**V.** **M\u00e9thodologie**\n\nDans l'optique d\u2019atteindre les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s, les m\u00e9thodes actives utilis\u00e9es dans la formation des adultes telles que : des courtes pr\u00e9sentations interactives, brainstorming (remue-m\u00e9ninges), \u00e9tudes de cas/simulation, travaux individuels, groupes de travail, etc.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es. Les formations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 facilit\u00e9es en fran\u00e7ais.\n\n\n**VI.** **Th\u00e8mes abord\u00e9s**\nLes th\u00e8mes suivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s au cours de la formation :\n\n - Rappel des fondamentaux du journalisme\n\n - Fondamentaux de l\u2019action humanitaire\n\n - Concepts cl\u00e9s li\u00e9s au genre dans l\u2019action humanitaire et du pourquoi de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes\ndans l\u2019action humanitaire\n\n - Aper\u00e7u de la situation humanitaire au Mali\n\n - Communication sensible au genre\n\n - Redevabilit\u00e9 envers les populations affect\u00e9es (RPA)\n\n - Plaidoyer humanitaire\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**VII.** **Participants \u00e0 la formation et leurs attentes**\n27 participant-e-s (9 femmes [33%] et 18 hommes [67%] des agences du Syst\u00e8me des Nations\nUnies, des ONGs internationales, des ONGs locales, des membres du Groupe des charg\u00e9s de communication et de plaidoyer humanitaire de l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP) ainsi qu\u2019un donateur.\n\n\n|LIEU|DATE|PARTICIPANTS|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|TYPE D\u2019ORGANISATION|Col9|Col10|Col11|Col12|Col13|Col14|Col15|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**LIEU**|**DATE**|**F**|**%**|**H**|**%**|**Total**|**ONGN**|**%**|**ONGI**|**%**|**UN**|**%**|**Donateur**|**%**|\n|**Bamako**|27 au
29/09/21|
9|
33%|
18|
67%|
27|
4|
15%|
14|
52%|
8|
29%|
1|
4%|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Attentes rentrant dans le cadre de la session de formation|Attentes ne rentrant pas dans le cadre de la ses-
sion de formation|\n|---|---|\n|-
Renforcement de capacit\u00e9 sur les VBG ;
-
Connaitre les diff\u00e9rentes formes de VBG ;
-
Se familiariser avec la Protection contre l\u2019abus et l\u2019ex-
ploitation sexuelles
-
Comprendre le concept des VBGs et les m\u00e9canismes de
prise en charge.|-
Comprendre mieux les interactions entre les
humanitaires sur le terrain et les charg\u00e9(e)s
de communication|\n\n\n\n**VIII.** **Evaluation \u00e0 la formation**\n\nL\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019atelier s\u2019est faite au travers de l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9sultats des pr\u00e9/post-tests et de\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation de la formation.\n\n\n**a.** **R\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9 et post-test**\n\nAu pr\u00e9-test, la moiti\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses donn\u00e9es (52%) \u00e9taient bonnes. A la fin de la formation, les\nr\u00e9sultats du post-test ont traduit une augmentation des\n\n\n**b.** **R\u00e9ponses des participant.e.s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation**\n\n|Col1|Pr\u00e9-test|Post-test|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Femme**|8|7|\n|**Homme**|18|16|\n|**Total**|**26**|**23**|\n\n\n\nLes appr\u00e9ciations des participant.e.s sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9es dans le tableau ci-dessous.\nGlobalement, la formation a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s bien \u00e9valu\u00e9e par les participant.e.s avec une \u00ab forte probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser \u00bb les connaissances acquises. (Cfr. **Annexe I** )\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IX.** **Recommandations**\n\n\n - Que le d\u00e9lai de la formation s\u2019\u00e9tale sur une dur\u00e9e plus longue (entre quatre jours et une\nsemaine), et ce afin de faire plus d\u2019exercices et d\u2019accorder plus de temps aux th\u00e8mes\nabord\u00e9s.\n\n - Que ce type d\u2019initiative soit perp\u00e9tu\u00e9 non seulement \u00e0 Bamako mais aussi dans les autres\nr\u00e9gions.\n\n - Qu\u2019un suivi de cette formation soit entrepris via l'encouragement des participant.e.s \u00e0\nproduire des contenus sur les th\u00e9matiques abord\u00e9es.\n\n - Que la n\u00e9gociation humanitaire soit incluse dans les prochaines formations \u00e0 l\u2019intention des\ncharg\u00e9s de communication et de plaidoyer humanitaire au Mali.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ANNEXE I : R\u00c9SULTATS DE L\u2019\u00c9VALUATION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PARTICIPANTS|Col2|Col3|\u00c9VALUATION|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|FEMMES|HOMMES|TOTAL|QUESTIONS|1: Faible|2: Ni bon ni
moyen|3: Bon|4: Tr\u00e8s bon|5: Excellent|5: Excellent|\n|










6|










16|










22|Quelle est la note globale de la formation|0||1|16|5|5|\n|










6|










16|










22|Est-ce que les objectifs de la formation
\u00e9taient clairs|0||5|7|10|10|\n|










6|










16|










22|Est-ce que les objectifs de la formation
\u00e9taient pertinents|0||1|10|11|11|\n|










6|










16|










22|Donnez votre impression g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la
facilitation|0||3|14|5|5|\n|










6|










16|










22|Y'a-t-il eu suffisamment de temps pour les
questions, les discussions et exercices|1|1|8|10|2|2|\n|










6|










16|










22|Avez-vous trouv\u00e9 les connaissances
acquises utiles|0|1|3|6|12|12|\n|










6|










16|










22|TOTAL|1|2|21|63|45|45|\n|










6|










16|










22|%|0,46|0,93|9,72|29,17|20,83|20,83|\n|










6|










16|










22||Pas du
tout
probable|Peu
probable|Je ne sais
pas|Assez
probable|Tr\u00e8s
probable|Tr\u00e8s
probable|\n|










6|










16|










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22|%|0|0,00|0|13,89|47,22|47,22|\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ANNEXE II : PHOTOS DE LA FORMATION SUR LES QUESTIONS TRANSVERSALES POUR LE**\n**GROUPE DES CHARG\u00c9S DE COMMUNICATION ET DE PLAIDOYER HUMANITAIRE DE L\u2019\u00c9QUIPE**\n**HUMANITAIRE PAYS (BAMAKO)**\n\n\nVue des participant.e.s et\nphoto de famille pendant la\nc\u00e9r\u00e9monie de cl\u00f4ture. Cr\u00e9dit\n: OCHA/Ibrahima Kon\u00e9\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8f0be8a4-0595-46ee-81d1-4893ac045bb3/rapport_de_la_formation_sur_les_questions_transversales_pour_le_groupe_des_charges_de_communication_et_de_plaidoyer_humanitaire_de_lehp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_907/raw/doc_907_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_907/raw/doc_907_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e2d1fc941dac6a4dd39f2685cfb5290e56dfdfd1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_907/raw/doc_907_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Rapport Mission terrain**\n\n# Analyse de la situation nutritionnelle dans la Zone de sant\u00e9 de Kabalo\n\n\n**Impact s\u00e9curit\u00e9 :**\nLa ZS a connu depuis l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2016 des troubles, suite au conflit ethnique :\npygm\u00e9es et bantous dans les aires de sant\u00e9 de LWALA, KAMUBANGWA,\nKASINGE et LUKUNDULA ce qui a occasionn\u00e9 des mouvements tr\u00e8s\nimportants de la Population dans tous les sens selon que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est\nassur\u00e9e, d\u2019o\u00f9 certaines Aires de Sant\u00e9 se sont vues d\u00e9peupl\u00e9es.\nLa population de la ZS a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019incendies des maisons en 2017,\ndans les aires de sant\u00e9 de KABANDA, LWALA (KESHOLA), LUKUNDULA,\nKASINGE, KAMUBANGWA, MPONGO, KIHANGA et KASU par le feu de\nbrousse et les atrocit\u00e9s interethniques.\n\n\n**Au plan sanitaire notamment la situation li\u00e9e aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies,**\n**urgences et catastrophes**\n\nLa ZS de Kabalo connait plusieurs \u00e9pid\u00e9mies entre autres la Rougeole,\nchol\u00e9ra et plusieurs cas de t\u00e9tanos n\u00e9onatal. Le paludisme reste\nn\u00e9anmoins la pathologie fr\u00e9quente avec un taux de morbidit\u00e9 et de\nmortalit\u00e9 le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.\nLa zone de sant\u00e9 avait en 2018, une pr\u00e9valence de 1,7% de la MAS\nassoci\u00e9e aux facteurs aggravants notamment des inondations qui ont\npermis \u00e0 l\u2019ONG PUI de mener une intervention en 2019 et qui a pris fin en\nMars 2020.\n\nApr\u00e8s le d\u00e9sengagement du partenaire, pour le deuxi\u00e8me trimestriel de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e en cours les donn\u00e9es de DHIS2 indiquent que la zone a enregistr\u00e9\nPlus de **6990** cas de malnutrition apr\u00e8s trois mois du d\u00e9sengagement du\npartenaire, consid\u00e9rant le nombre de cas d\u00e9pist\u00e9s et admis pour certains,\nnous sommes pos\u00e9es la question sur la cause de l\u2019augmentation du\nnombre de cas de malnutrition ce malgr\u00e9 l\u2019appui du partenaire dans la\nzone.\n\n\n\n27 juillet au 3 aout 2020\n\n\n**Objectif de la mission**\nCette mission nous a permis de collecter les informations nutritionnelles\net d\u2019autres secteurs sensibles \u00e0 la nutrition qui constituent les facteurs\naggravants dans la survenue de la malnutrition dans la zone \u00e0 ce jour.\n\n\n**Les cibles de la mission**\nCes acteurs nous ont permis de collecter les informations, il s\u2019agit des :\n\n- Autorit\u00e9s locales,\n\n- L\u2019\u00e9quipe cadre des zones de sant\u00e9 de Kabalo ;\n\n- Acteurs de CONCERN, CARITAS KONGOLO Antenne de KABALO,\nFAO, et les IT des 3 aires de sant\u00e9 de KASU, MPONGO, LUKUNDULA\net KASINGE ;\n\n- Les pr\u00e9sidents de quelques CAC dans la zone de sant\u00e9.\n\n\n**Activit\u00e9s**\n\n- Rencontre avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe cadre de la zone de sant\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9ponses\nnutritionnelles dans la zone,\n\n- S\u00e9ance de travail avec les acteurs ci-haut cit\u00e9s ;\n\n- Visite dans les aires de sant\u00e9 **Mpongo**, **Lukundula**, **Kasu** et\n**Kasinge** pour l\u2019analyse de la conformit\u00e9 des chiffre (donn\u00e9es) avec le\nbureau central et DHIS2.\n\n- Entretien avec quelques PRESICODEV dans les aires de sant\u00e9.\n\n\n**Approche m\u00e9thodologique**\n\n- Entretien avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe du bureau central et les informateurs cl\u00e9s de\nKabalo centre\n\n- Revue documentaire\n\n- Discussion avec quelques acteurs de la communaut\u00e9 (CAC).\n\n- Observation directe\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/05e3b69d-abeb-3eb1-9836-e50a191bdbff/rapport_de_mission_zs_kabalo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**R\u00e9sultats**\n\n\n- Les informations n\u00e9cessaires sont collect\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des acteurs cl\u00e9s,\n\n- Les perspectives sur la r\u00e9ponse nutritionnelle dans les Zone de sant\u00e9 de\nKabalo sont connues\n\n- Les principaux facteurs de succ\u00e8s et les d\u00e9fis majeurs des projets de\nr\u00e9ponse nutritionnelle dans les ZS sont identifi\u00e9s.\n\n- Les principales recommandations sur les projets de r\u00e9ponse nutritionnelle\nen cours dans la zone sont formul\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n**I.** **DEROULEMENT DE LA MISSION**\n\n\nApr\u00e8s les civilit\u00e9s au niveau du territoire o\u00f9 nous avons rencontr\u00e9\nl\u2019administrateur adjoint en charge de question politique et administrative,\nnous nous sommes rendus directement au bureau central de la zone de\nsant\u00e9 avant de commencer la ronde des aires de sant\u00e9 cibl\u00e9es.\n\n**1. S\u00e9ances de travail avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe de la zone de sant\u00e9**\n\n\nArriver au bureau centre, l\u2019\u00e9quipe cadre \u00e9tait en r\u00e9union hebdomadaire sur\nla situation \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, et nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 convi\u00e9 d\u2019y participer.\nSous la coordination du MDH repr\u00e9sentant le MCZ en mission, la situation\n\u00e9pid\u00e9miologique de la zone a \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9e avec un focus sur le cas de\nrougeole qui s\u00e9vit dans certaines aires de sant\u00e9.\nAu cours de ladite r\u00e9union la parole nous a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e pour d\u00e9voiler l\u2019objet\nde notre mission dans la zone avant d\u2019\u00eatre re\u00e7u par l\u2019autorit\u00e9 sanitaire ai.\n\n**2. S\u00e9ances avec les Acteurs cl\u00e9s du Bureau central selon les**\n\n**secteurs direct et sensible \u00e0 la nutrition**\n**a) IS NUT :**\n\n\nNous avons eu une s\u00e9ance de travail avec ce dernier sur la probl\u00e9matique\nde la malnutrition dans la zone de sant\u00e9,\n\n\nDepuis la fin du projet de la prise en charge de la malnutrition aig\u00fce s\u00e9v\u00e8re\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 par PUI en Mars 2020, certaines aires de sant\u00e9 ont\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 des intrants dans le cadre de la strat\u00e9gie de sortie, d\u2019autres les plus\n\u00e9loign\u00e9es ont connu des ruptures prolong\u00e9es et n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de\nintrants o\u00f9 il y a eu plusieurs cas de rechutes, depuis le mois d\u2019Avril **2207**\ncas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les aires de sant\u00e9 et ce malgr\u00e9 l\u2019absence des\nintrants.\nSignalons que la zone a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 plusieurs interventions avec COOPI, et\nPUI pour la MAS et AVSI pour la MAM, mais la situation demeure inchang\u00e9e\nsuite aux diff\u00e9rents chocs que connais la zone (conflits, inondations et\nautres \u2026)\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9sengagement de l\u2019ONGI PUI dans la zone le 23 Mars 2020,\nl\u2019organisation avait planifi\u00e9 l\u2019approvisionnement des intrants sans la\ncollaboration du bureau central qui en principe devait les accompagner, il y\na lieu de noter que le partenaire a \u00e9labor\u00e9 son plan de distribution lui-m\u00eame\net constat fait, certaines aires de sant\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 des intrants et\nm\u00eame celles qui avaient b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 la quantit\u00e9 \u00e9tait insuffisante, raison pour\nla quelle certaines structures sont tomb\u00e9es en rupture un mois seulement\napr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part du partenaire.\n\n\n\n**b) Encodeur du BCZS**\n\n\nDans la province du Tanganyika en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et la zone de sant\u00e9 de\nkabalo en particulier, la qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es nutritionnelles constitue un\nvrai probl\u00e8me dans la planification des interventions en l\u2019absence des\nenqu\u00eates fiables, le DHIS2 qui pouvait nous aider nous donne souvent\ndes informations qui ne sont pas en phase avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du terrain.\n\n\nApr\u00e8s \u00e9change, il \u00e9t\u00e9 fait remarquer que la zone encode sur base de\nSNIS transmis par les aires de sant\u00e9 et non dans les masques PCIMA,\nseulement que l\u2019encodeur doit \u00eatre en contact avec le superviseur\nnutrition pour que les informations soient conformes aux masques avant\nde les mettre dans l\u2019outils DHIS2, ce qui n\u2019est pas toujours le cas dans\nla zone.\n\n**c) SEHA** :\n\nL\u2019entretien avec le superviseur Eau Hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement a tourn\u00e9\nautour de la couverture en eau propre et potable dans la zone de sant\u00e9,\n\u00e0 en croire ce dernier, la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kabalo a une couverture des\nvillages ayant des points d\u2019eau am\u00e9lior\u00e9s est seulement de 31%, alors\nque la norme nationale pr\u00e9voit au moins 80 % d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable\ndans une population de la zone de sant\u00e9.\n\n**d) IT Aire de sant\u00e9 KASU et PRESICODEV**\n\n\nL\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de KASU avec une population de 11682 comptait parmi\ncelles appuy\u00e9es par PUI, de d\u00e9cembre 2019 \u00e0 Mai 2020, seulement au\nmois de Juin que la rupture a commenc\u00e9 mais, dans le programme il y\navait encore 62 enfants, il faut signaler que l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 a encore\nd\u00e9pist\u00e9 plus de 40 enfants malnutris au mois de Juin, alors qu\u2019au BCZS\nselon le tableau ci- haut c\u2019est 30 enfants rapport\u00e9s.\nL\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 fait face \u00e0 beaucoup des probl\u00e8mes parmi lesquels, les\ncas de paludisme, Diarrh\u00e9e, malnutrition, ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, etc\u2026.\nL\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 compte 5 puits sur six villages ce qui montre qu\u2019il se pose\nun probl\u00e8me d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau \u00e9galement.\nQuant aux relais communautaires ils ne sont motiv\u00e9s que lorsqu\u2019il y a\nun appui du partenaire, et surtout que seulement 10 qui travaillent selon\nle choix du partenaire.\n\n**e) IT Aire de sant\u00e9 de MPONGO et PRESICODEV**\n\n\nL\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 de MPONGO est parmi celles qui sont hyper appuy\u00e9es\npar les partenaires de mise en \u0153uvre avec une population de 23290\nHab. constitu\u00e9 de 10 Villages. Mais la situation nutritionnelle ne\ns\u2019am\u00e9liore pas, PUI a aussi travaill\u00e9, dans sa strat\u00e9gie de sortie elle a\nlaiss\u00e9 53 Cartons de plumpy Nut qui ont permis de prendre en charge\n108 enfants alors qu\u2019en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 seulement 73 enfants devrait \u00eatre pris en\ncharge avec ces intrants, r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui nous a pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 regarder les outils\nde collecte de donn\u00e9es qui ont montr\u00e9 quelques cas d\u2019erreurs\nd\u2019admission.\nL\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 compte 36 CAC, mais 12 seulement sont fonctionnelles,\n72 Relais dont 10 seulement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9pistage de la\nmalnutrition avec le projet de PUI, les autres ont des difficult\u00e9s.\nFacteurs d\u00e9clencheurs de la malnutrition :\nActuellement il y a un choc au niveau de l\u2019aire de sant\u00e9 suite au conflit\ncommunautaire entre Bantous et pygm\u00e9es dans certains villages de\nl\u2019aires de sant\u00e9 notamment tchangatchanga, luizi et monde causant\nainsi le mouvement des populations, il y a lieu aussi de noter que 6 sur\n10 villages sont habit\u00e9s par les pygm\u00e9es.\n\n**f) IT Aire de sant\u00e9 LUKUNDULA**\n\n\nLukundula comme Mpongo est une aire de sant\u00e9 riveraine, elle a une\npopulation de 24604Hab, avec 31 CAC, sur les 62 cartons de Plumpy\nNut donn\u00e9s par le partenaire PUI, le dernier enfant est sorti du\nprogramme fin Mai 2020, c\u2019est au mois de Juin que la rupture en intrant\nde prise en charge \u00e0 commencer.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/05e3b69d-abeb-3eb1-9836-e50a191bdbff/rapport_de_mission_zs_kabalo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**g)** **ISSP et IMC**\n\n\nL\u2019entretien avec l\u2019infirmier superviseur en charge des soins de sant\u00e9\nprimaire et le point focal de IMC dans la zone a tourn\u00e9 autours de\nla situation sanitaire de la zone de sant\u00e9.\nA en croire ces derniers, la zone de sant\u00e9 fait face \u00e0 une situation\nde rougeole de suite des inondations dans plusieurs villages du\nterritoire de Kabalo. 11 sur 24 aires de sant\u00e9 ont rapport\u00e9 les 86 cas\ndepuis le mois d\u2019Avril 2020 ;\n\n\n**II.** **LES PERSPECTIVES SUR LA R\u00c9PONSE**\n**NUTRITIONNELLE DANS LES ZONE DE SANT\u00c9 DE**\n**KABALO**\n\nSur le plan nutritionnel, AVSI avait sollicit\u00e9 en son temps et obtenu\nl\u2019accord de partenariat avec le PAM pour appuyer la zone dans la\nprise en charge des cas de MAM depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, suite\naux inondations le PAM n\u2019a pas pu approvisionner les structures en\nintrants, les efforts sont en train d\u2019\u00eatre faits pour que ces intrants\narrivent.\n**CONCERN** vient de publier les postes pour un projet sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire dans la zone pour quelques axes ;\n**FAO** : ils ont un projet sur le renforcement des chaines de valeurs\ndes petits producteurs agricoles dans l\u2019axe Kalenge.\n\n\n**III.** **LES PRINCIPAUX FACTEURS DE SUCC\u00c8S ET LES**\n**D\u00c9FIS MAJEURS DES PROJETS DE R\u00c9PONSE**\n**NUTRITIONNELLE**\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence de CONCERN et la FAO dans la zone constitue une\nopportunit\u00e9 pour la mise en \u0153uvre des interventions de nutrition\ndans la zone, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le projet AVSI n\u2019a pas eu des intrants,\nil n\u2019y a pas eu des facteurs de succ\u00e8s jusque-l\u00e0.\n\n\n**IV.** **CONCLUSION**\n\nLes informations re\u00e7ues \u00e0 travers les entretiens r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avec les\nacteurs cl\u00e9s montrent que la situation nutritionnelle n\u2019est pas si\nfameuse dans la zone de sant\u00e9, les catastrophes naturelles\nsurvenues, les cas de rougeoles seraient \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire et le d\u00e9placement de population.\nTous les probl\u00e8mes renseign\u00e9s dans la zone de sant\u00e9 constituent\nles causes sous-jacentes de survenue de la malnutrition, raison\npour laquelle une enqu\u00eate nutritionnelles smart et un projet\nmultisectoriel serait imp\u00e9ratif si nous voulons r\u00e9duire la malnutrition\ndans cette zone.\n\n\n**Personnes contact\u00e9es:**\n\n1. Mr M\u00e9dard FAMBA, ATA en charge des questions politique et\nadministrative : 082128524,\n2. Mme SAFI KALOMBO, ATA en charge de finances :\n0810028056,\n3. Dr Thomas, M\u00e9decin Chef de Zone de Sant\u00e9 : 0811585249 ;\n4. Dr Constant, M\u00e9decin Directeur de l\u2019H\u00f4pital : 0819501545 ;\n5. Mr Faustin, Superviseur nutrition au BCZS : 0822005469 ;\n6. Mr MANGALA, ISSP, et Encodeur du BCZS : 0810230603 ;\n7. Mr Delphin MUKALAY NZAZI, SEHA BCZS: 0814114103;\n8. Abb\u00e9 Raphael KATUNDA, chef de bureau CARITAS Kabalo,\nextension de KONGOLO : 0813042203 ;\n9. Mr KAKUDJI KATAMBWE Jean Batiste, IT Aire de sant\u00e9\nKASU : 0818009268 ;\n10. Mr MUJINGA MAKEMA Leonard, IT Aire de sant\u00e9 MPONGO:\n0821302320;\n11. Mr Jean KONGOLO, IT Aire de sant\u00e9 LUKUNDULA :\n0812693861 ;\n12. Ir Londre SANGO, Chef de projet FAO : 0822647319.\n\n\n\n**Contact du Coordinateur du Cluster Tanganyika :**\n\n**Lievien IZIE BOZAMA**\n**Tel** : +243811602377 / +243891388674\n**E- Mail** [: lizie@unicef.org](mailto:lizie@unicef.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/05e3b69d-abeb-3eb1-9836-e50a191bdbff/rapport_de_mission_zs_kabalo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_908/raw/doc_908_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_908/raw/doc_908_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index bc31718e8c4055369462efc0108b0c003f556dd8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_908/raw/doc_908_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER**\n### **REGION DE DIFFA**\n\n\n#### **Cluster Protec\ufffdon** **Niger**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### **GROUPE DE TRAVAIL PROTECTION, DIFFA**\n\n#### **JANVIER 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n_Communes de Diffa, Ch\u00e9timari, N\u2019Guigmi, Gueskerou,_\n\n_Toumour, Kabl\u00e9wa, Bosso, Main\u00e9-Soroa, Foulatrari et_\n\n_N\u2019guel Beyli._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APERCU DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa est demeur\u00e9e calme, mais impr\u00e9visible en janvier 2022. La\n\ntendance au maintien de la pression des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) sur les popula\ntions civiles et les cibles et objectifs militaires observ\u00e9e d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, est rest\u00e9e d\u2019actualit\u00e9 et\n\na consid\u00e9rablement impact\u00e9 sur la protection des civils.\n\nC\u2019est ainsi que dans la nuit du 10 janvier 2022, une personne a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9e par les membres d\u2019un GANE\n\nsur le site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Boudouri, \u00e0 environ 15 Km de Diffa, sur la Route Nationale (RN) Num\u00e9ro 1.\n\nDans la m\u00eame nuit, une autre personne a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9e \u00e0 Kabl\u00e9wa, \u00e0 une centaine de kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 l\u2019Est de\n\nDiffa. Dans la nuit du 08 au 09 janvier 2022, profitant d\u2019une incursion conduite dans la ville de Main\u00e9- Soroa\n\n\u00e0 la recherche d\u2019une personne, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un GANE ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement du v\u00e9hicule personnel\n\ndu Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Mairie de ladite ville.\n\nDans l\u2019apr\u00e8s- midi du 11 janvier 2022 entre Kumadu et Kindilam dans la commune de Bosso, de violents\n\naffrontements ont oppos\u00e9 deux factions rivales des GANE, causant plusieurs morts.\n\nDans la nuit du 11 au 12 janvier 2022, le chef du village d\u2019Adjiri, localit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e dans la commune rurale de\n\nKabl\u00e9wa, a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un GANE, sans aucune autre pr\u00e9cision.\n\nLe 14 janvier 2022, vers 18 heures, alors qu\u2019ils revenaient du march\u00e9 hebdomadaire de Kindjandi, dans la\n\ncommune de Gueskerou, sur l\u2019axe Kabl\u00e9wa- N\u2019Guigmi, des v\u00e9hicules de transport en commun ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nintercept\u00e9s par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un GANE. Tous les passagers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9s de leurs biens et argent.\n\nLa probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement des civils continue de se poser avec autant d\u2019acuit\u00e9, comme au cours des\n\nmois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. Aussi, dans la nuit du 15 au 16 janvier 2021, 4 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es \u00e0 Toumour Wango,\n\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suspect\u00e9s d\u2019appartenir \u00e0 un GANE. Il convient de rappeler que la localit\u00e9 de Toumour\n\nWango est s\u00e9par\u00e9e de la ville de Toumour par les eaux de la rivi\u00e8re Komadougou Yob\u00e9. La soustraction de\n\nb\u00e9tails est aussi une strat\u00e9gie utilis\u00e9e par les GANE, pour obliger les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 payer des ran\u00e7ons.\n\nC\u2019est ce qui est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Gueskerou le 18 janvier 2022 o\u00f9 en emportant les dizaines de t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail, les\n\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un GANE ont pris le soin de communiquer un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone sur lequel ils sont joignables.\n\nLe 25 janvier 2022, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019incursions simultan\u00e9es \u00e0 Alagarnou, Ngadouwa et Blabourine, des localit\u00e9s de\n\nla commune de Gueskerou et situ\u00e9es \u00e0 environ 21 Km \u00e0 l\u2019Est de la ville de Diffa, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un GANE\n\nont enlev\u00e9 11 personnes, au nombre desquelles 7 filles (5 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es et 2 PDI). 4 autres filles et 1 femme PDI\n\nont par la suite \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es au Sud- Est de Ch\u00e9timari.\n\nLa p\u00e9riode sous- revue a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des cas fortuits. Dans la journ\u00e9e du 19 janvier 2022,\n\nalors qu\u2019il avait engag\u00e9 une course- poursuite contre un v\u00e9hicule de transport suspect\u00e9 de fraude, un v\u00e9hicule\n\nde la Douane a percut\u00e9 celui-ci. Dans la foul\u00e9e, 3 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de sexe f\u00e9minin, qui revenaient de la corv\u00e9e de bois\n\nde chauffe, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es ainsi que deux autres r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 bord du v\u00e9hicule poursuivi.\n\nAu cours du mois de janvier 2022, les \u00e9quipes en charge du monitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 42\n\nincidents de protection ayant impact\u00e9 256 personnes, contre 67 incidents de protection pour 155 victimes\n\nen d\u00e9cembre 2021. Cette baisse est loin d\u2019\u00eatre synonyme d\u2019un rel\u00e2chement dans l\u2019activisme des GANE. Elle\n\ns\u2019explique plut\u00f4t par le fait que le HCR, principal acteur du monitoring de protection, n\u2019a pas encore conclu\n\nles accords au titre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 avec son partenaire du monitoring de protection. Elle pourrait aussi\n\ns\u2019expliquer par la poursuite des op\u00e9rations militaires autour des grandes agglom\u00e9rations.\n\nLes mouvements des populations se sont poursuivis. En effet, pour se mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri de la menace constante\n\net g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e des GANE, plusieurs communaut\u00e9s continuent de recourir au d\u00e9placement de nuit qui\n\nconsiste \u00e0 d\u00e9serter les villages la nuit avant d\u2019y revenir le jour. D\u2019autres pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent carr\u00e9ment se d\u00e9placer de\n\nleurs localit\u00e9s vers d\u2019autres sites consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9s. En cons\u00e9quence, 3 628 m\u00e9nages de 18\n\n090 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s en mouvement en janvier 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\nComme en 2021, la situation s\u00e9curitaire reste volatile et impr\u00e9visible, en ce d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. Ainsi, le contexte op\u00e9rationnel\nde la r\u00e9gion de Diffa reste marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n\nLa crainte li\u00e9e \u00e0 la persistance des menaces d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, extorsions de biens et les assassinats ;\n\n\nLe renforcement des effectifs des membres des Forces de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS) et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des patrouilles, seulement\ndans les agglom\u00e9rations ;\n\n\nLa reprise des mouvements pr\u00e9ventifs de populations cons\u00e9cutifs \u00e0 l\u2019activisme des GANE ;\n\n\nLa persistance des enl\u00e8vements avec demande de ran\u00e7ons ;\n\n\nLa persistance du \u00ab no go \u00bb dans les communes de Bosso, Toumour, Gueskerou (Sud) qui connaissent des infiltrations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s suspect\u00e9s appartenir aux GANE avec comme cons\u00e9quence directe la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire ;\n\n\nLa faible couverture ou l\u2019absence de r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique dans certaines zones (Bosso, Toumour, Kabl\u00e9wa, N\u2019Guigmi) qui limite\nl\u2019obtention des informations en rapport avec les violations de protection ;\n\n\nLa pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 qui demeure toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9 et qui limite certaines interventions.\n\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DES POPULATIONS DANS LA REGION / RETOUR DES DEPLACES INTERNES**\n\n\n**A - Suivi des mouvements de population vers certains sites de la commune de Diffa**\n\n\nEn plus des r\u00e9sultats de la mission conduite par le Groupe de Travail Accueil et Enregistrement (GTAE) sur certains sites de la ville\nde Diffa, le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, en janvier 2022, les points focaux communautaires et les acteurs du m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9ponse rapide\n(RRM) ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 partager au HCR des informations sur les mouvements de population. Ainsi:\n\n\nSi en d\u00e9cembre 2021, environ 10 000 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 les zones de retour sur les 40 138 retourn\u00e9es, en janvier 2022, on\nestime \u00e0 1 460 personnes ayant quitt\u00e9 les zones de retour pour rallier plusieurs sites de la commune urbaine de Diffa ;\n\n\nCes personnes invoquent l\u2019aggravation de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans les zones de retour ;\n\n\nPour ces personnes et selon les contacts communautaires, un nouveau retour n\u2019est pas envisageable sans la r\u00e9union de toutes\nles conditions s\u00e9curitaires.\n**B - Mouvements internes et pendulaires**\n\n\nSelon les points focaux et autres sources communautaires, les mouvements de populations observ\u00e9s en janvier 2022 sont cons\u00e9cutifs aux incursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE. Fuyant les exactions de ces derniers, 3 628 m\u00e9nages de 18 090 personnes ont\neffectu\u00e9 les mouvements suivants :\n\n\n500 m\u00e9nages de 2 500 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s de Boulabrine, N\u2019Gagam, Kangouri, Massadina et Makintari (Gueskerou),\npour rallier le Nord Awaridi, dans la commune de Diffa.\n\n\n978 m\u00e9nages de 4 890 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s de Alla D\u00e9wa, D\u00e9wa 1 et 2, D\u00e9wa Fid\u00e9, D\u00e9wa Kalgu\u00e9ri et Elhadj Mainari\n(Gueskerou), pour rallier les sites de Maduri, Nord Ariguirguidi et Ouest Awaridi, dans les communes de Ch\u00e9timari et Diffa.\n\n\n550 m\u00e9nages de 2 700 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 Alla Dalamaram (Gueskerou) pour rallier Awaridi Ouest, dans la commune de Diffa.\n\n\n1 500 m\u00e9nages de 7 500 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s de Bormangari, Waradi, Ngachoua, Dounga, Gorodi, Ngadoua (Gueskerou), pour rallier le Sud Daourodi, dans la commune de Diffa.\n\n\n100 m\u00e9nages de 500 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s d\u2019Allagarno, Djolloumouri (Gueskerou), pour rallier Mamari, dans la\ncommune de Diffa.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Mouvements des popula\ufffdons depuis D\u00e9cembre 2020**\n\n**29 470**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\nAu titre du mois de janvier 2022, les points focaux et les autres sources des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection de la r\u00e9gion\nde Diffa ont rapport\u00e9 **42** incidents de protection ayant fait **256** victimes. Ceci constitue une baisse significative par rapport au mois\nde d\u00e9cembre 2021 o\u00f9 **67** incidents avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s avec un nombre total de **155** victimes. Les incidents rapport\u00e9s sont loin\nde traduire toutes les exactions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE sur la population civile.\n\n\n_Tableau des communes des incidents de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa en Novembre 2021:_\n\n|Incidents|Violation du|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Violation du droit|Col8|Col9|Col10|Violation du droit|Col12|Col13|Col14|Violences sexuelles|Col16|Col17|Col18|Col19|Total|Col21|Col22|Col23|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|COMMUNES

|Arrestations arbitraires


|Enl\u00e8vements


|Enl\u00e8vements


|Recrutement/enr\u00f4lements

|f
Travaux forces
|Vol/Extorsions/ de biens

|Incendies

|Taxes ill\u00e9gales

|D\u00e9guerpissements forces


|Homicides


|Agressions phy /coups et




|bl
h
i
Menaces

|Mines exposition

|Exploitation sexuelle


|Viols

|Sexe de survie

|Mariage force

|
Violences psychologiques

|
|
|
|
|\n|Gueskerou|4|9|9||||2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||||**15**|\n|Toumour|0|2|2|0|0|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|**4**|**4**|**4**|**4**|\n|Bosso|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|\n|Diffa
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|\n|Ch\u00e9timari|0|0|0|2|0|2|1|0|0|2|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|||**10**|**10**|\n|Main\u00e9-soroa|0|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|**1**|**1**|**1**|**1**|\n|Nguel Bely|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|**0**|**0**|**0**|**0**|\n|
Foulatari
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|**0**|**0**|**0**|**0**|\n|N\u2019Guigmi
|1
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
|2
|2
|2
|\n|Kablewa
|1
|3
|3
|0
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0

||6
|6
|6
|\n|**Total**|**7**|**1**|**7**|**2**|**0**|**5**|**5**|**0**|**0**|**2**|**3**|**0**|**0**|**0**|**1**|**0**|**0**|**0**
|**42**|**42**|**42**|**42**|\n\n\n\n_Incidents de protection de Janvier 2021 \u00e0 Janvier 2022_\n\n\n**638**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. R\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie**\nAvec **17** incidents ayant concern\u00e9 **59** personnes, les enl\u00e8vements se hissent au premier rang des violations du mois de janvier 2022.\nIls sont suivis des arrestations de civils qui s\u2019adjugent la deuxi\u00e8me place, avec **7** incidents pour **30** victimes. C\u2019est le r\u00e9sultat des\nnombreuses patrouilles s\u2019\u00e9tant sold\u00e9 par l\u2019arrestation de personnes suspect\u00e9es de complicit\u00e9 avec les GANE.\n\n\nAvec respectivement **5** incidents pour **33** victimes et **5** incidents pour **116** victimes, les vols et extorsions de biens et les incendies\nsont troisi\u00e8mes ex-aequo des incidents du mois de janvier 2021.\nAvec **3** incidents pour **6** victimes, les coups et blessures volontaires sont la cinqui\u00e8me violation de janvier 2022.\nAvec respectivement **2** incidents pour **5** victimes et **2** incidents pour **6** victimes, le recrutement forc\u00e9 par les GANE et les homicides se classent \u00e0 ex- aequo au sixi\u00e8me rang des violations du moins de janvier 2022.\nAvec 1 cas pour 1 victime, le viol boucle ce classement des incidents du mois de janvier 2022.\n\n\n\n**Enl\u00e8vements**\n\n**Arresta\ufffdons arbitraires**\n\n**Incendies**\n\n**Vol/Extorsions/ de biens**\n\n**Agressions phy /coups et bles-phy**\n\n**Homicides**\n\n**Recrutement/enr\u00f4lements forces**\n\n**Viols**\n\n\n\n**1**\n\n\n\n**17**\n\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n**5**\n\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n**2**\n\n\n\n**2. R\u00e9partition des incidents par commune**\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous- revue, la commune de Gueskerou est arriv\u00e9e en t\u00eate des communes ayant enregistr\u00e9 des incidents\nde protection, avec **15** incidents, soit un seul incident de moins que ceux enregistr\u00e9s au cours du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Cette commune\nsubit r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des incursions des GANE avec comme cons\u00e9quences les enl\u00e8vements massifs. Elle est suivie de la commune\nde Ch\u00e9timari qui en totalise **10** incidents, soit 4 de moins qu\u2019en d\u00e9cembre 2021.\nAvec **6** incidents de protection, soit la moiti\u00e9 de ceux de d\u00e9cembre 2021, Kabl\u00e9wa est la troisi\u00e8me commune la plus affect\u00e9e par\nles violations.\nAvec **4** incidents, soit le m\u00eame nombre qu\u2019au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la commune de Toumour se classe quatri\u00e8me au rang des communes\nde commission des incidents en janvier 2022.\nAvec chacune **2** incidents enregistr\u00e9s, les communes de Bosso, Diffa et N\u2019Guigmi sont cinqui\u00e8me ex-aequo en janvier 2022.\nAvec **1** incident enregistr\u00e9, la commune de Main\u00e9- Soroa est la huiti\u00e8me commune en termes d\u2019incidents du mois de janvier 2022.\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n**2** **2** **2**\n**1**\n**0** **0**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. R\u00e9partition des victimes par statut l\u00e9gal et par tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge**\n\nAu titre de la p\u00e9riode sous- analyse, **256** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impact\u00e9es par les incidents de protection rapport\u00e9s par les \u00e9quipes en charge\ndu monitoring de protection.\n\n\nDans le contexte de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, les personnes sont touch\u00e9es par les incidents de protection ind\u00e9pendamment de leur statut.\n\nEn janvier 2022, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes ( **160** ) et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ( **48** ) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus impact\u00e9s par les violations de leurs droits. Ils\nsont suivis des membres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te ( **29** ) et des retourn\u00e9s ( **19** ).\n\nQuant \u00e0 la r\u00e9partition par sexe, comme au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, les personnes de sexe masculin sont les plus affect\u00e9es par les incidents de\nprotection : **143** victimes, soit 14 gar\u00e7ons et 129 hommes. C\u2019est la tendance normale, selon laquelle les incidents atteignent les bras\nvalides des communaut\u00e9s, principaux soutiens des familles.\n\n\nR\u00e9partition des victimes des incidents de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa en Janvier 2022\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Victimes
par statuts|Violation du droit \u00e0 la
libert\u00e9|Col3|Col4|Col5|Violation du droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Col7|Col8|Col9|Violation du droit \u00e0 la
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique|Col11|Col12|Col13|Viole nces sexue lles|Col15|Col16|Col17|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Arrestations
arbitraires
|Enl\u00e8vements
|Recrutement/enr\u00f4le
ments forces|Travaux forces|Vol/Extorsions/ de
biens
|Incendies
|Taxes ill\u00e9gales|D\u00e9guerpissements
forces|Homicides
|Agressions phy
/coups et blessures
|
MENACES
|Mines exposition
|Viols
|Exploitation
sexuelles
|Sexe de survie
|Violences
psychologiques
|Total
|\n|IDPs|26
|39
|||22|67
|||1|4|||1||0|0
|**160**
|\n|Retourn\u00e9s|0
|2
|5|||12
||||||||||0
|**19**
|\n|R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|1|9|||8|25||0|5|||||||0|**48**|\n|H\u00f4tes|3|9|||3|12|||0|2||||||0
|**29**
|\n|
**Total**|**30**|**59**|**5**|**0**|**33**|**116**|**0**|**0**|**6**|**6**|||**1**||**0**|**0 **|**256**|\n\n\n_Carte de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, Niger_\n\n\n\n**R\u00e9partition des victimes par statut l\u00e9gal**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## 44% des victimes sont des femmes ; 25% des victimes sont des mineurs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4. R\u00e9partition des incidents par auteurs**\n\nComme au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nGANE sont les principaux agents de perp\u00e9tration des violations de droits, en janvier 2022. Ils\nsont auteurs de **25** incidents de protection, alors\nqu\u2019ils en avaient commis 31 en d\u00e9cembre 2021.\nIls sont suivis des FDS qui seraient auteurs de **7**\nincidents de protection (5 en d\u00e9cembre 2021).\nLe ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne naturel est auteur de **5** incidents,\n\u00e0 la faveur des incendies (9 en novembre).\n\nLes bandits arm\u00e9s en ont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 **3** (11 en\nnovembre). Les civils ont commis **2** incidents de\nprotection (10 en d\u00e9cembre 2021).\n\n\n**5. Situation des enl\u00e8vements**\n\n\n\n_Auteurs des incidents de protection en Janvier 2022_\n\n\n**25**\n\n\n**7**\n**5**\n**2** **3**\n\nGANE FDS Civils Bandits Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes\nnaturels\n\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous- revue, **59** personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s suspect\u00e9s appartenir aux GANE\ndans les communes de Gueskerou, Toumour, Bosso, Main\u00e9- Soroa, Kabl\u00e9wa et N\u2019Guigmi. Il s\u2019agit de : **39** PDI, 9 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 9\nmembres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te et **2** retourn\u00e9s. Il n\u2019y a pas eu de lib\u00e9ration annonc\u00e9e en janvier 2021, car celle- ci est\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement conditionn\u00e9e par le paiement d\u2019une ran\u00e7on.\n\nEn ce d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e **59** personnes restent donc d\u00e9tenues par les GANE.\n\nSans oublier les **612** de 2021 et les **269** de 2020, qui restent toujours en captivit\u00e9 aux mains des GANE.\n\n\n**V. ACCES AUX BESOINS SOCIAUX DE BASE ET ASSISTANCE HUMANITAIRE (BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n**URGENTS)**\n\n**I. Besoins identifi\u00e9s:**\n\nTel que rapport\u00e9 par les contacts communautaires, les besoins des communaut\u00e9s restent prioris\u00e9s ainsi qu\u2019il suit :\n\nBesoin en assistance alimentaire sur les sites des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 Diffa, Kabl\u00e9wa, Main\u00e9- Soroa et N\u2019Guigmi ;\n\nBesoin en abris et en biens non alimentaires de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 aux victimes d\u2019incendie notamment dans les communes de\nGueskerou, Diffa, Toumour et Ch\u00e9timari ;\n\n\nBesoin d\u2019appui en activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus (petit commerce et \u00e9levage) pour l\u2019autonomisation des communaut\u00e9s dans\nles zones de retour ;\n\nBesoin de prise charge sanitaire dans les localit\u00e9s sans infrastructure sanitaire ;\n\nBesoin de promouvoir la gratuit\u00e9 cibl\u00e9e \u00e0 cause du manque de moyens pour payer les consultations et les m\u00e9dicaments ;\n\nBesoin de rendre disponible les produits pharmaceutiques de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 au niveau des structures sanitaires fr\u00e9quent\u00e9es\npar les personnes impact\u00e9es par la crise de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa.\n\n**Les besoins suivants sont \u00e0 prendre en compte en mati\u00e8re de protection :**\n\n\nBesoin de s\u00e9curisation de la population dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019Elhadj Mainari, Assaga, Garin Wanzam Yebi, N\u2019gagam, D\u00e9wa 1 et 2,\nD\u00e9wa Fid\u00e9, Guesk\u00e9rou;\n\nBesoin en \u00e9ducation, dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019Elhadj Mainari, N\u2019gagam, Dewa, Gueskerou ;\n\nBesoin en assistance l\u00e9gale dans les localit\u00e9s des communes de N\u2019Guigmi, Main\u00e9- Soroa, Gueskerou, Ch\u00e9timari et Toumour;\n\nBesoin de coh\u00e9sion sociale dans les localit\u00e9s des communes de Gueskerou, Toumour, Bosso, Ch\u00e9timari et Main\u00e9- Soroa ;\n\nBesoin d\u2019appui psycho- social dans les localit\u00e9s des communes de Gueskerou, N\u2019Guigmi, Kabl\u00e9wa et Ch\u00e9timari.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **R\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es**\n\n\nEn attendant la conclusion des diff\u00e9rents accords avec les partenaires retenus pour 2022, le HCR a apport\u00e9\nquelques r\u00e9ponses ainsi qu\u2019il suit :\n\n - Ecoute, documentation et appui psycho- social \u00e0 **2** filles mineures victimes de viol ;\n\n - Ecoute, documentation et appui psycho- social \u00e0 **3** femmes victimes d\u2019agression physique ;\n\n - Ecoute, documentation et appui psycho- social \u00e0 **1** fille victime de mariage d\u2019enfant ;\n\n - Ecoute, documentation et appui psycho- social \u00e0 **1** femme victime de violence psychologique ;\n\n - Ecoute, documentation et appui psycho- social \u00e0 **9** femmes victimes de d\u00e9ni de ressources, d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s\nou de services.\n\nEn outre, des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites dans certaines zones de retour sur l\u2019utilisation des\nkits hygi\u00e9niques. Elles ont touch\u00e9 **651** femmes.\n\n\n**VI. PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\n**35** cas d\u2019enfants \u00e0 risque de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous- revue, \u00e0 travers les visites \u00e0\ndomicile et dans les centres de sant\u00e9. Les diff\u00e9rents parents concern\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9s sur l\u2019importance du soutien\nfamilial et du suivi de la prise en charge m\u00e9dicale.\n\n\n\n.\n\n\n\n**VII. PRINCIPAUX DEFIS ET RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n**A. D\u00e9fis :**\n\n\n\nLes d\u00e9fis ci-dessous ont eu un impact sur la mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s du monitoring de protection :\n\n\nLa persistance de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire qui affecte n\u00e9gativement l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans certaines zones ou\nlocalit\u00e9s, notamment celles de retour, du fait de l\u2019activisme des GANE ;\n\n\nLa non- signature d\u2019un accord de partenariat entre le HCR et un acteur du monitoring de protection de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa au titre\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 ;\n\n\nLa r\u00e9duction drastique des moyens pour soutenir la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire alors que les mouvements de population se poursuivent\n\n\nLa p\u00e9riode de l\u2019harmattan, propice \u00e0 la survenue des incendies.\n\n\n**B. Recommandations :**\n\n\nLes recommandations suivantes sont \u00e0 prendre en compte :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Domaine|Recommandations|Acteurs de suivi|Niveau
d\u2019urgence|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|~~**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**~~
|Mener le plaidoyer pour le renforcement de la protection
et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des populations civiles ainsi que la
facilitation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans les zones
recul\u00e9es et identifi\u00e9es comme \u00ab No go \u00bb
|OCHA/Cluste~~r ~~
Protection

|
Tr\u00e8s urgent
|\n|~~**S\u00e9curit\u00e9**~~
|
Mener le plaidoyer pour le renforcement de la protection
et de la s\u00e9curisation des zones de retour des personnes
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes
|
Mener le plaidoyer pour le renforcement de la protection
et de la s\u00e9curisation des zones de retour des personnes
d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes
|Tr\u00e8s urgent
|\n|~~**Coordination**~~
|
Organiser des missions conjointes dans les~~localit\u00e9s de~~
retour afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer les conditions de vie et identifier les
besoins de base des populations retourn\u00e9es
|~~GTP~~
|~~D\u00e8s que~~
possible
|\n|
**Protection**
**G\u00e9n\u00e9rale**|

|
|
|\n|
**Protection**
**G\u00e9n\u00e9rale**|
Intensifier les activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection dans
les zones de retour
|
~~Acteurs de~~
monitoring de
protection
|
~~En continu~~
|\n|
**Protection**
**G\u00e9n\u00e9rale**|Identifier au plus vite un acteur de monitoring de
protection pour un suivi r\u00e9gulier et efficace de la situation
de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa|
~~HCR~~|~~Tr\u00e8s urgent~~|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f2ab1d15-fb42-3d4b-9727-2510fbfe34f4/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_au_niger_janvier_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_909/raw/doc_909_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_909/raw/doc_909_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 72a9ae71d4599f11e48e8ea0bd20452ec2c567e8..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_909/raw/doc_909_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER**\n###### **REGION DE DIFFA**\n\n\n\n**Cluster Protec\ufffdon**\n\n**Niger**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**@ciaud: Sensibilisation sur la scolarisation**\n**de la jeune fille, fr\u00e9quentation d\u2019un centre**\n**de sant\u00e9, importance des documents d\u2019\u00e9tat**\n**civil au profit des femmes et hommes IDPs**\n\n\n\n**GROUPE DE TRAVAIL PROTECTION, DIFFA**\n\n\n**Octobre 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n\n_Communes de Diffa, Ch\u00e9timari, N\u2019Guigmi, Gueskerou;_\n_Toumour, Kabl\u00e9wa, Bosso, Main\u00e9-Soroa, Foulatari et_\n_N\u2019guel Beyli_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APERCU DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\nLa situation s\u00e9curitaire durant le mois d\u2019octobre 2022 reste relativement calme dans les\n\n4 d\u00e9partements de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa couverts par l\u2019activit\u00e9 de monitoring de protection\n\nen d\u00e9pit de quelques incidents s\u00e9curitaires isol\u00e9s qui sont rapport\u00e9s occasionnellement.\n\nLe mois en examen a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par 120 incidents, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en baisse par rapport au\n\nmois de de septembre qui avait totalis\u00e9 163 incidents. En octobre 2022, l\u2019activisme des\n\nGANE a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit en raison, notamment de la mont\u00e9e des eaux de la rivi\u00e8re Komadou\ngou yobe, qui rend difficile leur mobilit\u00e9 et les patrouilles des FDS qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es\n\ndans certaines localit\u00e9s.\n\nLa situation reste n\u00e9anmoins pr\u00e9caire et volatile dans les d\u00e9partements de N\u2019Guigmi et\n\nBosso au vu des mouvements r\u00e9guliers des personnes dans ces zones. Les d\u00e9place\nments internes de populations observ\u00e9s au cours de ce mois, t\u00e9moignent de cette fragi\nlit\u00e9 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans certaines parties de la r\u00e9gion. A titre illustratif, 1624 m\u00e9nages de\n\n7695 personnes en situation de d\u00e9placement interne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au cours de ce\n\nmois. De m\u00eame, quelques mouvements pendulaires du Nigeria vers le Niger, ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nenregistr\u00e9s notamment dans la commune de Main\u00e9-Soroa.\n\nEn lien avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s Nig\u00e9rians, il convient de noter la poursuite des op\u00e9rations de\n\nv\u00e9rification biom\u00e9trique avec le renouvellement des documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 Dans la\n\nm\u00eame perspective, les activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse, se poursuivent par les diff\u00e9rents partenaires\n\ndans les diff\u00e9rents sites.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\nEn Octobre 2022, le contexte op\u00e9rationnel de la r\u00e9gion de Diff\u00aca est marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n - La mont\u00e9e des eaux de la Komadougou Yob\u00e9 qui a engendr\u00e9 des inondations\n\n - Les mouvements forc\u00e9s des populations ;\n\n - Les assistances aux sinistr\u00e9s ;\n\n - L\u2019op\u00e9ration de v\u00e9rification physique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s BIMS ;\n\n - La pr\u00e9paration du retour des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans leurs villages d\u2019origines ;\n\n - L\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire toujours difficile dans les zones de retour des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DES POPULATIONS**\n\nComme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, les mouvements de populations se sont poursuivis en\n\noctobre 2022. Au total 1,629 m\u00e9nages de 7,727 personnes \u00e9taient en mouvement au\n\ncourant de cette p\u00e9riode.\n\nSelon les informations collect\u00e9es, ces mouvements sont cons\u00e9cutifs :\n\n- aux instructions donn\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s qui ont demand\u00e9 aux populations de quitter\n\nla zone des \u00eeles du lac Tchad et la Komadougou Yob\u00e9 pour revenir s\u2019installer au Nord de la\n\nRoute Nationale num\u00e9ro 1 (RN1) ;\n\n- aux inondations ;\n\n- aux diverses exactions ;\n\n- aux incursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE et bandits arm\u00e9s (assassinats, enl\u00e8vements et\n\nextorsion de biens dans les diff\u00e9rents villages et sites).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A - Mouvements retours des PDI**\n\nPour le mois d\u2019Octobre 2022, il n\u2019y a pas eu de retour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes dans leurs villages d\u2019origine. Cela est assu\nr\u00e9ment d\u00fb \u00e0 la suspension de cette op\u00e9ration par les autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes.\n\n\n**B - Mouvements internes**\n\nDes mouvements concernant 1,624 m\u00e9nages de 7,695 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s par les acteurs en charge du monitoring de\n\nprotection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. Ces mouvements sont essentiellement les cons\u00e9quences des exactions des GANE et bandits\n\narm\u00e9s et les effets des inondations.\n\n**Tableau ci-dessous montre la situation des mouvements internes des populations au cours du mois d\u2019Octobre**\n\n**2022**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|P\u00e9riode|Taille de
M\u00e9nage|Nombre de
personnes|Statuts|Provenances|Commune de
provenance|Sites d'accueil|Commune
d'accueil|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**123**|**615**|**IDP**|**kablewa et le lit du lac**
**Tchad**|**N'Gigmi**|**Bori**|**N'Gigmi**|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**500**|**2500**|**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,**
**retourn\u00e9s et**
**IDPs**|
**Kindjandi ; Toumour et**
**kablewa**|**Kabl\u00e9wa et Gueskerou**|**Djori Koulo**|**Di\ufb00a**|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**300**|**900**|**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et**
**IDP**|**Garin Wanzam,**
**Toumour, kablewa et**
**n\u2019guigmi**|**Toumour, N'Guigmi,**
**Kabl\u00e9wa et Gueskerou**|**Ariguirguidi**|**Di\ufb00a**|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**245**|**738**|**IDP**|**Kablewa et N'Glaram**|**Kabl\u00e9wa**|**Kindjandi**|**Gueskerou**|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**22**|**157**|**IDP**|**Geidam Tchoukou**|**Ch\u00e9\u019famri**|**Maina Kaderi**|**Ch\u00e9\u019fmari**|\n|**08 au 14**
**Octobre**|**200**|**1350**|**IDPs**|**Janname Chollori**|**Gueskerou**|**Tekessa**|**Gueskerou**|\n|**08 au 14**
**Octobre**|**20**|**150**|**IDPs**|**koudo kindilla**|**N'Guigmi**|**site de**
**r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 de**
**maliens&bou**
**douma**|**N'Guigmi**|\n|**15 au 21**
**Octobre**|**7**|**22**|**IDPs**|**koudo kindilla**|**N'Guigmi**|**maliens&bou**
**douma**|**N'Guigmi**|\n|**15 au 21**
**Octobre**|**5**|**18**|**IDPs**|**Kablewa**|**Kablewa**|
**Kindjandi**|**Gueskerou**|\n|**22 au 28**
**Octobre**|**2**|**10**|**IDPs**|**Kalewa et Toumour**|**Kalewa et Toumour**|**Gueskerou**|**Gueskerou**|\n|**22 au 28**
**Octobre**|**200**|**1235**|**IDPs**|**Kalewa et Toumour**|**Kalewa et Toumour**|**Kindjandi**|**Gueskerou**|\n|**Total**|**1624**|**7695**||||||\n\n\n**C - Mouvements pendulaires**\n05 m\u00e9nages de 32 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 Gaidam dans l\u2019Etat de Yob\u00e9 au Nigeria pour s\u2019installer dans la commune de Main\u00e9-Soroa.\n\nCes m\u00e9nages auraient quitt\u00e9 leurs villages d\u2019origines suite \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui pr\u00e9vaut dans la zone.\n\n\n|P\u00e9riode|Taille de
M\u00e9nage|Nombre de
personnes|Statuts|Provenances|Commune de
provenance|Sites d'accueil|Commune
d'accueil|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**1 au 7**
**Octobre**|**1**|**4**|**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9**|**Geidam**|**Yob\u00e9 Nig\u00e9ria**|**Guidan Kadji**|**Main\u00e9-Soroa**|\n|**08 au 14**
**Octobre**|**4**|**28**|**R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**|**Geidam**|**Yob\u00e9 (Nig\u00e9ria) **|**entre e village d\u2019Ambouram Ali**
**et Kal\u00e9di**|
**Main\u00e9-Soroa**|\n|**Total**|**5**|**32**||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "35000\n\n\n30000\n\n\n25000\n\n\n20000\n\n\n15000\n\n\n10000\n\n\n5000\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n**Mouvements des popula\ufffdons depuis D\u00e9cembre 2020**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**IV. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nAu titre du mois d\u2019octobre 2022, les points focaux et les autres sources des m\u00e9canismes communautaires de protection de la\n\nr\u00e9gion de Diffa ont rapport\u00e9 120 incidents de protection ayant touch\u00e9 255 personnes. Ainsi, malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des diff\u00e9rents\n\nacteurs humanitaires et les activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation men\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s, de nombreuses violences subsistent\n\net les besoins de protection contre les violences sont encore n\u00e9cessaires.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Le graphique ci-dessous montre l\u2019\u00e9volution des incidents de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa au cours des 12 derniers mois_\n\n180\n\n\n\n160\n\n\n140\n\n\n120\n\n\n100\n\n\n80\n\n\n60\n\n\n40\n\n\n20\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n120\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**1. R\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie**\nAvec 32 incidents ayant touch\u00e9 35 personnes, les agressions physiques repr\u00e9sentent la plus grande proportion d\u2019incidents de protection au\n\ncours du mois d\u2019octobre. Suivent les violences physiques avec 20 incidents ayant touch\u00e9 20 personnes et les homicides avec 14 incidents ayant\n\nfait 19 victimes. Les mariages pr\u00e9coces avec 2 incidents pour 2 victimes, l\u2019imposition de taxes ill\u00e9gales avec 2 incidents ayant impact\u00e9 28\n\npersonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de moindre ampleur avec les agressions sexuelles, les abandons d\u2019enfants, les viols et menaces avec 1 incident et 1 victime\n\nchacun.\n\n_Le graphique ci-dessous fournit une r\u00e9partition d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des incidents de protection r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s au cours du mois d\u2019octobre 2022_\n\n\n\n**Agressions phy /coups\u2026**\n\n**Violences psychologiques**\n\n**Homicides**\n\n**Vol/Extorsions/ de biens**\n\n**Enl\u00e8vements**\n\n**Arresta\ufffdons arbitraires**\n\n**Sexe de survvie**\n\n**Incendies**\n\n**Exploitaton sexuelle**\n\n**D\u00e9ni des ressources**\n\n**Mariage pr\u00e9coce**\n\n**Taxes ill\u00e9gales**\n\n**Agressions sexuelles**\n\n**Abandon d'enfant**\n\n**Viols**\n\n**Menaces**\n\n\n\n\n\n**32**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. R\u00e9partition des incidents par commune**\n\nLes incidents de protection du mois d\u2019octobre 2022 ont touch\u00e9 9 communes dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa. La commune de Main\u00e9-soroa\nest la plus touch\u00e9e (39 cas), suivie de N\u2019Guigmi (21 cas), Gueskerou (18 cas), Kablewa et Diffa (10 cas chacune). Les communes de\nToumour et Bosso ont enregistr\u00e9 7 cas chacune contre 6 cas \u00e0 Chetimari et 2 cas \u00e0 Foulatri.\n\n_Le graphique ci-dessous indique la r\u00e9partition des incidents de protection par commune_\n\n\n\n**Main\u00e9-soroa**\n\n\n**N\u2019Guigmi**\n\n\n**Gueskerou**\n\n\n**Kablewa**\n\n\n**Diffa**\n\n\n**Toumour**\n\n\n**Bosso**\n\n\n**Ch\u00e9\ufffdmari**\n\n\n**Foulatari**\n\n\n\n\n\n39\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Le tableau ci-dessous indque la r\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie et par commune**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Incidents o|lation du droit \u00e0 la lib|Col3|Col4|Col5|e|Violation du
droit \u00e0 la|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|Violation du droit \u00e0
la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9|Col13|Col14|Col15|Col16|Violences sexuelles|Col18|Col19|Col20|Col21|Col22|Col23|Col24|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|COMMUNES|Arrestations arbitraires|Enl\u00e8vements|Recrutement/enr\u00f4lements
forces|Travaux forces||Vol/Extorsions/ de biens|Incendies
|Taxes ill\u00e9gales
|D\u00e9guerpissements forces
||Homicides
|Agressions phy /coups et
blessures physiques
|Menaces
|Mines exposition
||Viols|Abandon d'enfant|Agressions sexuelles|Sexede survie|D\u00e9ni des ressources|Exploitation sexuelle|Mariage pr\u00e9coce|Violences psychologiques||\n|Ch\u00e9timari||1||||1|1||||1|2||||||||||||**6**|\n|Bosso||1||||3|||||2|1||||||||||||**7**|\n|Main\u00e9-soroa||2||||1||2|||1|8|1||||||5||4||15|**39**|\n|Diffa|1|||||1|2||||3|1||||1|1|||||||**10**|\n|N\u2019Guigmi|1|4||||1|||||5|1||||||1||3||2|3|21|\n|Toumour|1|2||||1|1|||||1|||||||||||1|**7**|\n|Gueskerou|1|||||1|||||1|15||||||||||||**18**|\n|Foulatari|||||||||||1|1||||||||||||**2**|\n|Nguel Bely|||||||||||||||||||||||||\n|Kablewa|4|||||2|1||||1|1|||||||||||1|**10**|\n|**Total**|**8**|**10**||||**11 **|**5**|**2**|||**15 **|**31**|**1**|||**1**|**1**|**1**|**5**|**3**|**4**|**2**|**20 **|**120**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\nr\n\n\nr\n\n\ne\n\n\ne\n\n\n \n\n\n**3. R\u00e9partition des victimes par statut l\u00e9gal et par tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge**\n\n\nEn octobre 2022, les moniteurs de protection ont identifi\u00e9 255 personnes directement affect\u00e9es par les incidents de protection.\n\nIl s\u2019agit de 109 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, d103 IDPs, 18 retourn\u00e9s, 18 membres de la communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te, 6 autres statuts (personnes en transit/vi\nsiteurs/autres nationalit\u00e9s) et 1 inconnu.\n\n\n**Le tableau ci-dessous indique la r\u00e9partition des incidents de protection par typologie et par statut l\u00e9gal des victimes**\n\n\n|Victimes par statuts|Arrestations arbitraires|Enl\u00e8vements|Recrutement/enr\u00f4lements forces|Travaux forces|Vol/Extorsions/ de biens|Incendies|Taxes ill\u00e9gales|D\u00e9guerpissements forces|Homicides|Agressions phy /coups et blessures physiques|Menaces|Mines exposition|Viols|Abandon d'enfant|Agressions sexuelles|Sexe de survvie|D\u00e9ni des ressources|Exploitation sexuelle|Mariage pr\u00e9coce|Violences psychologiques|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|1|7|||38|8|28||1|8||1|||1|2|||1|13|**109**|\n|Non connu||||||||||||||1|||||||
**1**|\n|IDPs
|8|14|||26|16|||10|21|1||||||3
|1|1|2|**103**|\n|H\u00f4tes
|1|4||||1|||6|6|||||||||||**18**|\n|Autres
|1|4|||1||||||||||||||||**6**|\n|Retourn\u00e9s||5|||||||2|||||||3||3||5|**18**|\n|**Total**|**11 **|**34**|||**65 **|**25 **|**28**||**19 **|**35**|**1**|**1**||**1**
|**1**|**5**|**3**
|**4**|**2**|**20 **|**255**|\n\n\n\n\n\n_Le graphique ci-dessous indique la r\u00e9partition des victimes d\u2019incidents de protection par statut l\u00e9gal_\n\n\n\n_Carte de la r\u00e9gion de Diffa, Niger_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n### 20% des victimes sont des femmes ; 13% des victimes sont des mineurs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4. R\u00e9partition des incidents par auteurs**\nL\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es montre que les civils\n\nsont les principaux auteurs de perp\u00e9tration des viola\ntions de droits en octobre 2022. En effet, 65 incidents\n\nde protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des civils contre 48 le\n\nmois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Les actes criminels imput\u00e9s aux GANE\n\nont sensiblement baiss\u00e9 \u00e0 17 incidents contre 82 en\n\nseptembre 2022. Il en est de m\u00eame des FDS avec 14\n\nincidents contre 19 en septembre. A contrario, les\n\nbandits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plus actifs avec 12 incidents de protec\ntion contre 08 en septembre., Les catastrophes natu\nrelles sont \u00e9galement en hausse avec 09 incidents\n\ncontre 05 en septembre tandis que 03 incidents\n\ncontre 02 en Septembre 2022 proviennent de causes\n\nnon d\u00e9termin\u00e9es.\n\n\n**5. Situation des enl\u00e8vements**\n\n\n\n_Le graphique ci-dessous repr\u00e9sente la r\u00e9partition des incidents selon les auteurs_\n\n\n\n**Civils**\n\n\n**GANE**\n\n\n**FDS**\n\n\n**Bandits**\n\n\n**Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes**\n**naturels**\n\n\n**Non**\n**d\u00e9termin\u00e9s**\n\n\n\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, on d\u00e9nombre 10 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements dans la r\u00e9gion de Di\u00acffa dont 01 cas dans la commune de\n\nChetimari, 04 cas \u00e0 N\u2019Guigmi, 01 cas \u00e0 Bosso, 02 cas \u00e0 Toumour et 02 cas \u00e0 Maine-Soroa. Ces enl\u00e8vements ont engendr\u00e9 34\n\nvictimes. Les auteurs des enl\u00e8vements sont les GANE (07 cas) et les bandits (03 cas).\n\nLe principal mobile des enl\u00e8vements est celui de l\u2019app\u00e2t du gain : les ravisseurs exigent fr\u00e9quemment aux membres de la famille\n\ndes victimes de verser une ran\u00e7on pour lib\u00e9rer leur otage. Sur les 4 personnes lib\u00e9r\u00e9es au cours de ce mois, 3 ont pr\u00e9alablement\n\npay\u00e9 des ran\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**V. ACCES AUX BESOINS SOCIAUX DE BASE ET ASSISTANCE HUMANITAIRE (BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n**URGENTS)**\n\n**1. Besoins identifi\u00e9s:**\n\nTel que rapport\u00e9 par les contacts communautaires, les besoins des communaut\u00e9s restent prioris\u00e9s ainsi qu\u2019il suit :\n\n - Besoins en assistance alimentaire sur les sites des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 Diffa, Kabl\u00e9wa, Main\u00e9- Soroa et N\u2019Guigmi ;\n\n- Besoins en abris et en biens non alimentaires de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 aux victimes d\u2019inondations notamment dans les communes de Diffa\n\n(village de Lada quartier Festival, Char\u00e9 et Diffa Koura) ; Ch\u00e9timari (Maiwa, Daourodi, Douro, Boukardi, Dabagoum Kaya, Ari arnadi ..) et\n\nGueskerou (aname Chelloumeri).\n\n - Besoins d\u2019appui en activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus pour l\u2019autonomisation des communaut\u00e9s dans les zones de retour.\n\n**2. Les besoins suivants sont \u00e0 prendre en compte en mati\u00e8re de protection :**\n\n\nA l\u2019issu des activit\u00e9s du mois d\u2019Octobre 2022, les besoins suivants en mati\u00e8re de protection sont \u00e0 prendre en compte :\n\n- Besoin de s\u00e9curisation de la population dans les localit\u00e9s de N\u2019Guigmi, koumadou, Kabl\u00e9wa, Bosso, Garin Wanzam, Gueskerou,\n\nToumour,Boulongouri, Garin Dogo et Bilabrine ;\n\n- Besoin d\u2019appui psycho-social dans les localit\u00e9s des communes de Diffa, Chetimari Gueskerou N\u2019Guigmi et Kabl\u00e9wa ;\n\n- Besoin en assistance l\u00e9gale dans les localit\u00e9s des communes de Diffa et Bosso.\n\n- Besoin d\u2019assistance aux populations victimes d\u2019inondation dans les communes de Ch\u00e9timari, Diffa et Gueskerou notamment:\n\nLada, quartier festival, Sabon Carr\u00e9/Charr\u00e9, Bagara, Diffa Koura, Janname Chelloumeri, Maiwa, Daourodi, Douro, Dabagoun Kaya,\n\nBoukardi, Gremangaberi, Ari Arnadi, Malam Boukardi, Kaouridi, Samari et Mandatari.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**VI. LES PERSONNES EN BESOIN SPECIFIQUE**\n\n\n**1. Identification des PBS**\n\nL\u2019\u00e9quipe en charge de monitoring de protection a identifi\u00e9 2,173 cas des personnes \u00e0 besoin sp\u00e9cifique dont la r\u00e9partition par\n\nstatut et par commune se d\u00e9termine comme suit : refugi\u00e9s 634 cas, IDP 844 cas, retourn\u00e9s 413 cas et population h\u00f4te 282 cas. La\n\nr\u00e9partition des personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques par commune de 50 cas \u00e0 Chetimari, 116 cas \u00e0 Diffa, 122 cas \u00e0 Bosso, 136 cas \u00e0\n\nKablewa, 147 cas \u00e0 N\u2019Guigmi, 195 cas \u00e0 Gueskerou, 257 cas \u00e0 Toumour et 1150 cas \u00e0 Main\u00e9-soroa.\n\n\n\n**Le tableau ci-dessous indique les personnes \u00e0 besoins**\n**sp\u00e9cifiques identifi\u00e9es au cours du mois d\u2019octobre 2022**\n\n\n\n**Le graphique ci-dessous indique la r\u00e9partition des**\n**personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques par commune**\n\n\n\n**N'Guigmi**\n\n\n\n1150\n\n\n\n**Toumour**\n\n\n\n**Gueskerou**\n\n\n\n**N'Guigmi**\n\n\n\n**Kablewa**\n\n\n\n**Bosso**\n\n\n\n**Diffa**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Che\ufffdmari**\n\n\n|Communes|H\u00f4tes|Retourn\u00e9s|IDP|R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Che\u019fmari|
0|
1|
34|
15|
**50**|\n|Di\ufb00a|4|0|89|23|**116**|\n|Bosso|37|1|69|15|**122**|\n|Kablewa|2|4|130|0|**136**|\n|N'Guigmi|8|
0|
102|37|**147**|\n|Gueskerou|32|
45|
93|25|**195**|\n|Toumour|0|6|108|143|**257**|\n|Maine-Soroa|199|
356|
219|376|**1150**|\n|**Total g\u00e9n\u00e9ral**|**282**|
**413 **|
**844**|**634**|**2173**|\n\n\n\n**Le tableau ci-dessous indique les r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements par**\n**2. R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas**\n**statut l\u00e9gal et par sexe effectu\u00e9s**\n\n\n\nSur les 2173 cas de PBS identifi\u00e9s 1323\n\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s vers les structures de\n\nprise en charge. 850 n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9\n\nr\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s par manque des structures de\n\nprise en charge dans certaines localit\u00e9s.\n\nLe tableau ci-dessous indique la r\u00e9parti\ntion par genre des personnes \u00e0 besoins\n\nsp\u00e9cifiques r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es en octobre\n\n2022.\n\n\n**3. Sensibilisations**\n\n\n\n\n|Communes|R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|IDP|Retourn\u00e9s|H\u00f4tes|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Gar\u00e7ons|54|21|
34|
7|
**116**|\n|
Filles|64|31|57|2|**154**|\n|Hommes|2|3|3||**8**|\n|Femmes|240|210|209|190|**849**|\n|
Personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es hommes|6|4|6||**16**|\n|
Personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es femmes|9|7|||**16**|\n|
Persones
vivant avec handicap|42|33|53|36|**164**|\n|
**Total**|**417**|**309**|**362**|**235**|**1323**|\n\n\n\nAu cours de ce mois, l'\u00e9quipe de monitoring de protection\na anim\u00e9 des sensibilisations sur les th\u00e9matiques de Protection notamment les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre, la\nprotection de l\u2019enfance, le mariage d\u2019enfant, le risque\nd\u2019apatridie, les risques li\u00e9s aux Engins Explosifs Improvis\u00e9s,\nl\u2019importance des actes d\u2019\u00e9tat civil etc.\nCes sensibilisations ont touch\u00e9 1425 personnes dont 459\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 644 IDP, 110 retourn\u00e9s et 112 membres de la\npopulation h\u00f4te parmi lesquels on d\u00e9nombre 89 gar\u00e7ons,\n149 filles, 533 hommes et 654 femmes.\n\n\n\n**Le tableau ci-dessous montre la r\u00e9partition des par genre et par**\n**statut l\u00e9gal des personnes sensibilis\u00e9es en octobre 2022.**\n\n\n|Communes|Gar\u00e7ons|Filles|Hommes|Femmes|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s|
23|
43|
172|
221|
**459**|\n|IDP|51|80|212|301|**644**|\n|Retourn\u00e9s|8|12|53|37|**110**|\n|H\u00f4tes|7|14|96|95|**212**|\n|**Total**|**89**|**149**|**533**|**654**|**1425**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**VII. PRINCIPAUX DEFIS ET RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n**A. D\u00e9fis :**\n\nLes d\u00e9fis ci-dessous ont eu un impact sur la mise en \u0153uvre des activit\u00e9s du monitoring de protection en Octobre 2022 :\n\n- La persistance de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire qui affecte n\u00e9gativement l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans certaines zones\n\nou localit\u00e9s, du fait de l\u2019activisme des GANE ;\n\n- Les nouveaux besoins de protection li\u00e9s au retour envisag\u00e9 des IDPs dans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origine ;\n\n- La non-satisfaction de certains besoins humanitaires et/ou l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019assistance humanitaire ;\n\n- La persistance de l\u2019inondation qui accentue la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n**B. Recommandations :**\n\nPour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du monitoring de protection et la r\u00e9ponse aux besoins de protection dans les diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s concern\u00e9es,\nCIAUD-CANADA recommande :\n\n- De renforcer le circuit de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement entre acteurs de protection \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents niveaux en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le niveau de r\u00e9ponse\naux besoins des victimes d\u2019incidents de protection ;\n\n- De poursuivre le monitoring de protection en vue de continuer \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter des cas n\u00e9cessitant des r\u00e9ponses et surtout de partager l\u2019information sur la situation de protection aux diff\u00e9rents acteurs de la protection dans la r\u00e9gion;\n\n- De renforcer les actions de plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs de fonds et autres acteurs (services \u00e9tatiques nig\u00e9riens) pour plus\nd\u2019attention et de financement de la r\u00e9ponse dans la r\u00e9gion de Diffa ;\n\n- De continuer \u00e0 appuyer et renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des structures locales de protection et services \u00e9tatiques en vue de pouvoir\nd\u00e9tecter et rapporter le plus de cas de protection dans leurs localit\u00e9s respectives, et d\u2019y apporter les r\u00e9ponses de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e.\n\n\n**Contacts:**\n\n\nHaoua Moustapha (moustaphahaoua39@gmail.com)\n\n\nCoordination GTP Diffa, Niger\n\n\nCharles Zoueke Makouaka (zoueke@unhcr.org)\n\n\nCoordination GTP Diffa, Niger\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/16b4630f-803b-4877-be20-557888902098/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_diffa_du_mois_de_octobre_2022_ciaud_niger.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_91/raw/doc_91_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_91/raw/doc_91_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a80605bba5dd5f0849529752d816af275f3bb402..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_91/raw/doc_91_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,288 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 163**\n\n# **Opportunity and conflict:** **the impact of a refugee influx** **on decentralisation in Mali**\n\n**Caitlin Blaser**\n\nCampaign Officer,\nGlobal Call to Action Against Poverty\n\nE-mail: caitlin.blaser@civicus.org\n\nSeptember 2008\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nTo look at the impact a refugee presence has on decentralisation, this paper takes the\ncase of Loulouni, a rural commune capital in southern Mali that is part of a national\nproject to decentralise public services. Soon after fighting broke out in Cote d'Ivoire\nin 2001, the town hosted a refugee camp. The refugee presence is both a symptom and\na cause of the current process of state transformation in Loulouni and, as such, is\nsimultaneously shaping and being shaped by the decentralisation process.\n\n\nDecentralisation is so central to Mali's development and democratisation strategy that\nthe country's constitution explicitly recognises local governing bodies, and articulates\na pro-decentralisation agenda (Republique du Mali, 1995). Despite widespread\nagreement about the importance of decentralisation, the debate on its promises and\nlimits is far from over. Some claim that as powers are \"redefined by the state through\nthe process of decentralisation, contradictions, paradoxes, and unintended\nconsequences increase, and struggles over meaning and power intensify\n(Benjaminsen, 2001 p15).\" Others herald decentralisation as \u201ca silent revolution in\npublic sector governance....to move decision making for local public services closer to\nthe people (Shah and Thomson, 2004 p5).\u201d\n\n\nEmpirical data emerging from these ongoing decentralisation experiences shows that\ndecentralisation is a useful tool for some, but not all development challenges it has\nbeen employed to address (Manor, 1997). Emerging empirical data are both providing\na more robust discussion of the potential and limitations of decentralisation, as well\nhow contextual factors affect the implementation of the process. One contextual factor\nthat is contentious is migration; its political impacts are particularly important to\nunderstand given the unique questions it raises about social inclusion and access to\nservices that are highlighted when political decisions are made at the local level.\n\n\nBy bringing the decentralisation literature and forced migration literature together,\nthis study initially hypothesised that the social goals of decentralisation such as\nincreased collective action and increased interaction with government officials would\nbe helped by the refugee presence, because it would introduce an \u201cother\u201d around\nwhich to mobilise, building and consolidating a sense of community. Upon analysing\nthe data, however, this didn't adequately describe the situation in Loulouni.\n\n\nEvidence from Loulouni will be presented to argue that a refugee presence can\nfacilitate the political dimensions of decentralisation. This includes increased\ninteraction between community members and local government officials, and\nincreased allocative efficiency of resources. With the arrival of the refugees and the\nresources that accompanied them, the demands of the residents of Loulouni changed\nfrom service provision to negotiating rights and access to services. Since the\ndownwardly accountable mayor was able to respond to these needs of the community,\nthis relationship was strengthened.\n\n\nHowever, this paper will also argue that a refugee presence makes it more difficult to\nachieve the administrative aspects of decentralisation. This includes implementing\ndownward accountability structures, transparency, and participatory systems of\ndecision making. The relief effort was accompanied by a lack of clarity of roles, and\nconsequently aggravated existing power struggles at the local level. In terms of the\ndevelopmental aspects of decentralisation, there is a balance between more efficient\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "allocation of resources stemming from a more constructive relationship between\ncitizens and local government officials, and a lack of clarity of mandate between local\ngovernment and other service providers.\n\n\n**The refugee experience in Loulouni**\n\n\nThere is growing evidence that refugees have more than a material affect on their host\ncommunities; they are also transforming the host country's governmental practices,\nand the expectations citizens have of their elected officials (Landau, 2003). This stems\nfrom several authors looking towards the long term, fundamental transformations\nrefugee impacts could have on host populations (Waters 1999, Jacobsen 2002,\nWhitaker 2002 and Landau 2003 and 2004).\n\n\nWaters (1999) begins this discussion by speculating that these economic patterns are\ncreating fundamental social and political changes. Whitaker (2002) suggests the\nrefugee presence in Tanzania seems to increase in \u2018mwanko\u2019 in the host population\n('awareness,' largely in the socio-political sense). This is a key intersection of\ndecentralisation and forced migration literature, as it speaks to collective action and\nparticipation that is key to decentralisation. Landau (2004) builds on this speculation\nabout political transformation, finding that the refugee influx is in fact fundamentally\nchanging the relationship between citizens and the state in Tanzania.\n\n\nWhitaker (2002) looked at the impact a large number of refugees from neighbouring\ncountries had on Tanzania in the late 1990s. She sums up that \u201crefugees generally\nimpose a burden on local infrastructure, environment, and resources, but they also\nprovide cheap labour, expand consumer markets, and justify increased foreign aid.\u201d\nShe joins Chambers (1993) and Waters (1999) in the disaggregation of hosts using the\neconomic patterns of both refugees and hosts to argue that some parts of the\npopulation are benefiting from the influx, while others are being marginalised. The\nstance of all of these authors is essentially that a refugee influx exacerbates certain\ninequalities through the economic characteristics shared by refugee situations.\n\n\nSupporting this, the most common source of tension between refugees and hosts in\nLoulouni was regarding access to common pool resources and public services.\nConflicts around refugee access to these became the leading source of interaction\nbetween citizens and local government officials. The refugee influx had very clear,\ntangible impacts on water, health, and education in Loulouni. These impacts were\nboth positive and negative, and were instrumental in changing the trajectory of the\ndecentralisation process in Loulouni.\n\n\n**Community - refugee relations**\n\n\nThe relationship between the community of Loulouni and refugees was generally\ngood, with many hosts citing the positive contributions refugees have made to the\ncommunity and many refugees pointing out the warm hospitality the community of\nLoulouni has offered them. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\n(2002), for example, claims that \u201cthe relation between host communities and\nrefugees/evacuees is good. Host communities have been very forthcoming in their\nsupport to refugees in the Sikasso region.\u201d\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "This is supported by the findings of the survey, in which 81% of respondents say the\nrefugees have had an \u201coverall positive\u201d impact on the community, and 87% claiming\nthe relationship between refugees and the community could be described as having\n\u201cno conflict whatsoever.\u201d However, certain tensions were underlying this positive\nrelationship. Looking at how the relationship was defined by both refugees and hosts,\nand the patterns that tensions followed, uncovers many aspects of how the refugee\ninflux has impacted citizen-state interactions.\n\n\nBecause the refugee influx was so large, virtually everyone in the community reported\na great deal of interaction with Ivorians fleeing the conflict. Understandably, few\npeople distinguished between Ivorians with official refugee status and those without,\nor even Malians who had been living in Cote d'Ivoire. 97% of respondents reported\nhaving interacted with refugees in the marketplace, and businessmen reported more\ninteractions with Ivorians than other professions.\n\n\nThis is most understandable because the refugee camp was located at the doorstep of\nthe marketplace, geographically. Upon initial inspection of the data, quantity of\ninteraction with refugees seems strongly correlated to economic status. However,\ncloser inspection reveals that this is explained completely by neighbourhood of\nresidence, since the closest neighbourhood to the refugee camp is also the wealthiest,\nwhile the farthest away is the poorest.\n\n\n**Access to common resources and services**\n\n\nMuch of the refugee studies literature dealing with the impact refugees are having on\ntheir hosts concentrates on competition for resources or services. A modest amount of\nresearch indicates that refugees use a disproportionate amount of common pool\nresources (Whitaker, 2002; UNHCR 2004). Numerous scholars have asserted that\nwhen strain is being put on common pool resources by refugees, it is the poorest of\nthe poor hosts, who depend on common pool resources for their livelihood, who are\nfurther marginalised (Kibreab, 2001; Whitaker, 2000; Chambers, 1993).\n\n\nThis does not seem to describe fully the situation in Loulouni. One explanatory factor\nis that Cote d'Ivoire generally enjoys a higher level of economic development than\nMali. While the assumption that refugees are comparable to 'poor' in host\ncommunities is being challenged, Loulouni is a clear case of the inverse scenario \u2013\nrefugees accustomed to a significantly higher level of development than the host\ncommunity.\n\n\nThe supposition that refugees use more common pool resources than the host\ncommunity is to a small extent true in Loulouni. This statement, however, does not\ncome without qualifications. Refugees use only slightly more firewood than their\nlocal counterparts. Most other common pool resources, such as grass for thatching\nroofs, resins and gums, fibres for basket weaving, etc. were scarcely used by the\nrefugees at all.\n\n\nWhile firewood is arguably more important than the others in aggregate, in that more\npeople spend more hours per day devoted to its collection than other materials, it is\nalso true that extra strain will be felt by people nearly regardless of their income\ncategory, as nearly all residents of Loulouni across the economic spectrum cook with\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9864305257797241, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7956128716468811, - "start": 8, - "end": 9 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cote d'Ivoire", - "confidence": 0.8631947040557861, - "start": 144, - "end": 148 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.6180932521820068, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.8923975825309753, - "start": 197, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee camp", - "confidence": 0.6926210522651672, - "start": 179, - "end": 181 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8382197022438049, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "wood. Those whose livelihoods depend on these other common pool resources, on the\nother hand, often have specific trades or areas of expertise, and the refugees are not in\na position to compete with them and thus displace them in their livelihoods.\n\n\nWhile many respondents (thirty-six, mostly women, and disproportionately poorer\nrespondents) noted an increased scarcity in the past several years of common pool\nresources, particularly firewood and thatch, it is significant that not a single one cited\nthe arrival of refugees as a source of the scarcity. The most common reason cited was\na sustained lack of adequate rainfall affecting the growth of vegetation around\nLoulouni, followed by general population growth, and the commercialisation of the\nfirewood sector (often attributed to various causes, such as increased transportation to\nSikasso, and a growing need for access to cash), which meant commercial exploiters\nwould chop firewood to sell in cities or make charcoal.\n\n\nAccess to public services was the source of more tension between refugees and\nresidents of Loulouni than access to common pool resources. The impact of refugee\nyouths on the education system was widely cited, although interpreted differently by\ndifferent people. To begin with, over half of those at the refugee camp were under\ntwenty-five, meaning the school systems were particularly affected by the influx.\n\n\nRefugees and returnees had benefited from Cote d'Ivoire's superior education system,\nand as such, had on overall advantage over Malian students. This was compounded by\nthe fact that French, the medium of instruction, is more widely spoken in Cote d'Ivoire\nthan in Mali, since Bambara, the local trade language that most Malians speak in\naddition to their mother tongue, does not have an equivalent in Cote d'Ivoire. Some\nparents saw it as a blessing. In one discussion, the mother of a secondary school boy\nwas encouraged by the arrival of the new students.\n\n\nMy son is a smart boy, but before the Ivorians came, he was\nbored at school. The level of education is not very high; the\nteachers don't expect much from the students. If the work\nhas been completed, they are satisfied. He has something\npushing him now. I have much more hope for his education\nthan I had before. He is seeing students continuing on to\nSikasso, benefiting from education; this wasn't the case\nbefore.\n\n\nAnother parent, however, did not see the developments so positively.\n\n\nMy daughter is in second cycle now, and she has always\nbeen very good at school. If she did not come in at the top of\nher class, she was always in the top 3, ever since her first\nyear. Before the Ivorians came, she was first in her class for\ntwo years running. When the conflict started in Cote\nd'Ivoire, the school in Loulouni has taken on many different\nkinds of students. There are students who did 9 [th] standard in\nCote d'Ivoire, now in standard 7. Now the top student in\nevery grade is an Ivorian, and my daughter is discouraged.\nIt's a matter of discipline in the system.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Health services were slightly more contentious than education, though the conflict did\nnot stem from the host community as a whole, but only the local health centre. It is\nwidely recognised that refugees sell a large portion of their aid disbursements\n(Landau, 2002). In the months after medical kits were included in the disbursements,\nhowever, the pharmacy almost went out of business due to the availability of\npharmaceuticals being sold at cheap prices by the refugees. An interview with the _chef_\n_de post_ (18 January, 2006) does a good job of explaining the dynamics in the health\nsector.\n\n\nOf course, the biggest problem we as health workers\nexperienced with the refugees was the problem with the\npharmacy. That was not a conflict per se, but a logistical\nproblem. It was poor planning by those helping the refugees.\nThey didn't consider that we are also here selling medicines,\nand that the budget of many of our activities is connected to\nthe pharmacy. We were not trying to make a profit, but\nrunning effectively is not free. It's necessary to have a\nrefrigerator for vaccinations, but how can it run without\nmoney for petrol? We suffered from the medical supplies\nfrom Bamako, and we tried to reach an agreement with the\ndecision makers, but everything was too far above our heads.\nThere was no consultation.....\n\n\n[Other interactions] were generally positive. There were\nsome challenges; the Red Cross workers had their way of\ndoing things and we had our way, and sometimes it was a\nchallenge to synthesise these differences. It was good to\nexchange these ideas. I was on the crisis committee, and I\ngathered from my experience there that some people in\nLoulouni suffered when the refugees came. But speaking for\nmyself, I can't say that was the case with the health centre. I\nthink now we are better organised and coordinated than we\nwere before.\n\n\nThe most conflicted service provision issue was that of water. Water was one of the\nbiggest problems in Loulouni before the arrival of the refugees, and even after the two\nborehole hand pumps were installed at the site of the camp, Loulouni remains far\nbelow the Sphere Project Humanitarian Standards minimum criteria. Given its\npopulation of 3,000 without counting refugees, evacuees, and returnees, there should\nbe at least six hand pumps (Sphere Project, 2004).\n\n\nAs it is, the vast majority of residents drink primarily untreated water from uncovered\nwells, and for activities that require large amounts of water, such as washing clothes,\nthey go to a seasonal river that skirts the town (Site log, 2000). The installation of the\ntwo water sources in Loulouni serving 750 people (a hand pump serving 500 people\nand a tap serving 250 people), approximately covered the population of the camp as\nper the standards mentioned above, but without consideration for the host population.\n\n\nWhen UNICEF installed the two new water sources, there was a lack of clarity about\nusage rights of the pump and tap. Nearly all members of the community assumed that\nthey had free use of both water sources, while nearly all refugees assumed that they\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "had exclusive usage rights. The tap at the school was not terribly contentious. It was\nfurther from the camp and therefore used less frequently by the refugees not attending\nschool, and few members of the community besides students went to take water there.\nIt was locked outside school hours, and conflict was kept to a minimum. The tap near\nthe market, however, was a constant source of conflict. It was reported by both\nmembers of the host community and refugees that for a period of several weeks in\n2003, fights broke out at the pump daily.\n\n\nThe crisis committee took up the issue of the pump, and concluded that while the tap\nat the school would be shared equally by the school and the refugee camp; refugees\nwould have exclusive use of the pump near the market. There was constant debate\nabout who could be responsible for locking the pump at certain times and whether\nfees could be charged for pump usage and who would be responsible for managing\nthem, and agreeing on this system did not immediately reduce conflict with the\ncommunity.\n\n\nThis can be attributed to three things. Firstly, a lack of communication of the decision\nof the crisis committee to the community meant that many people were unaware of\nthe decision, and continued to think the refugees were being unfairly selfish.\nSecondly, there was a lack of acceptance of the decision on the part of many women,\nwho perceived it as unfair, and imposed by the _sous prefet_ . Thirdly, because the\nmarket attracted vendors and merchants from as far afield as Bamako, Mopti, and\nCote d'Ivoire, and conflicts pertaining to pump usage were most frequent on\nWednesdays and Thursdays (Thursday being the day of the market, but people\ntravelling long distances tended to arrive on Wednesday to set up), it was difficult to\ncommunicate to non-members of the host community the details of the pump usage\nregime, and even more difficult to induce them to respect it, given the lack of\nincentive they have to maintain community relationships.\n\n\nWhen asked about the impact refugees had had on the economic situation in Loulouni,\neighty-three respondents made reference to the new water sources as being a positive\ncontribution to the community. Even people with a negative view of the refugee\ninflux generally allowed that the refugee relief effort was responsible for the water\npoints, even if they created problems of access, or conflict relating to them.\n\n\nSanitation is an issue closely connected to water, and while it was somewhat less\ncontentious than the question of pump access, there were all the same many sanitation\nproblems raised in the community and at the refugee camp, and the task force dealing\nwith water was also responsible for sanitation. Sanitation issues came to the forefront\nearly on, while the camp was still being installed; however, they were more reflecting\nexisting power struggles than a problem of sanitation _per se_ .\n\n\nAt a crisis committee meeting, the _sous prefet_ called on the youth association to\nrequire that its members sweep and tidy the camp area once weekly, as a gesture of\ngood will towards the refugees. The mayor was opposed to the idea, reflecting many\nof the historical dynamics between the _sous prefet_ and the mayor. Perhaps equally\nsignificantly, the youth association in Loulouni had not been functioning for nearly a\ndecade due to certain long standing disputes in the community, making the issue\nmoot.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The second sanitation issue that came up was related to the sweeping of the market\narea. Beginning in 2002 before the arrival of the refugees, the mayor's office\ncontracted out the sweeping of the market area every Friday to the women's\nassociation. They were paid through a nominal stall fee paid by each vendor at the\nmarket. This was very much a case of public service on the part of the association, as\nthey did a great deal of work at a reduced rate. In 2003, however, the arrangement was\ncancelled. The president of the women's association (interview, 14 January 2006)\ncited mismanagement of funds on the part of the mayor's office. Other women in\ninformal discussions, however, suggested that it was motivated by a dissatisfaction\nwith the way the water conflict with the refugee camp was being handled.\n\n\nResidents of Loulouni and Ivorian refugees generally had positive relationships.\nHowever, looking at service provision points to some tensions. First, the experience of\nthe pharmacy is a clear case of unintended consequences on the part of humanitarian\nagencies. The water sector demonstrates one of the clearest cases of refugees bringing\nresources into the community and changing the demands citizens have of local\ngovernment officials. The dynamics around education and sanitation both underline\nthe historical relationship between Malians and Ivorians, and the class element that is\na part of both this refugee experience, and the impact the refugees have on the\ndecentralisation process.\n\n\n**Patterns of economic activity**\n\n\nThe economic patterns of refugees in Loulouni are in many ways accurate indicators\nfor their integration into the host community, due to the fact that they reflect a wide\nrange of concerns for refugee communities, such as social interactions and economic\nindependence. They also reflect how the historical dynamics and class differences\nbetween Malians and Ivorians express themselves in the present situation. There were\nvarious differences in the economic habits of refugees and citizens, and exploring\nthese will shed light on the relationship between refugees and citizens.\n\n\nRefugees were less likely to engage in farming as citizens of Loulouni, even though\nland was made available to refugees should they have chosen to cultivate it. This is\nunsurprising, given that their time horizons were uncertain, the land set aside was\noften marginal, and cultivation would have required substantial capital. Additionally,\nthe largest influx of refugees was between the months of September and December \u2013\nharvest time. It would be approximately another six months before refugees could sow\ntheir own plots. Even so, eleven respondents critically mentioned that refugees did not\ncultivate their land, often as support for assertions that they were lazy, used to the city\nlife, or not interested in contributing to the development of Loulouni.\n\n\nWhile refugees were more likely to engage in commerce than citizens, they were less\nlikely to engage in the least profitable kind of commerce - buying a product in bulk\nand selling it in smaller quantities. Instead, they were more likely to be selling\nproducts that they either made or processed, which is generally more profitable, but\nalso requires more skills and capital. The most typical of these activities is making\n_attieke_, a fermented cassava dish that is difficult to prepare and a luxury in Mali, but a\nstaple in Cote d'Ivoire. One resident of Loulouni knits hats for a living, and she said\nthe refugee influx had a substantial impact on her work.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ten years ago, I was the only one in Loulouni who knew\nhow to do this. My aunt went to Abidjan with her husband,\nand she learned there. When she came back to visit, she\ntaught me how to do it, and I had a successful business. It's\nthe kind of thing only people in big cities do. In Cote\nd'Ivoire, more people learn these things. When so many Cote\nd'Ivoirians came, they all knew how to do this knitting. It's\nokay, I still have my clients and now they have theirs, but\nbusiness was better before they came.\n\n\nThe cooking of specialised dishes was particularly common among refugee women.\nDue to higher rainfall in Cote d'Ivoire, many food products common there are luxuries\nin Mali, and are generally prepared by Cote d'Ivoirians who have more experience\npreparing these dishes. This, in combination with cultural norms formed in the\nrelatively wealthier Cote d'Ivoire, could explain the charcoal consumption among\nrefugees being nearly double that of residents. As one woman explains,\n\n\nSome of my [Malian] friends laugh at me, because I use\ncharcoal so much. I cook nearly everything on a charcoal\nfurnace. At home, I didn't have a mud stove. I'm not used to\ncooking with wood. My friends say that I must be rich; they\nmust think I'm showing off money cooking everything on\ncharcoal. That's not the case; I need to sell plantains, and if\nthey were cooked over wood, I can't say how they would\nturn out, or if people would buy them.\n\n\nAnother occupation for which Ivorians were renowned is brewing _dollo_, a term which\napplies to various alcoholic drinks including millet beer and palm wine. As the vast\nmajority of residents of Loulouni are Muslim, alcohol is taboo, and no local residents\nwould openly brew _dollo_ . Twelve of the fourteen respondents who thought that the\nrefugee presence was having a generally negative impact on the community cited\n_dollo_ as a factor, causing moral degeneration in the community. This was inevitably\nlinked to other debaucherous, disrespectful activities, such as laziness, prostitution\nand stealing.\n\n\nAll of the activities mentioned above are primarily \u201cwomen's jobs,\u201d and it is true that\nwomen at the refugee camp were, on average, more economically active than men.\nSome men reported doing wage labour on farms, but most of the refugees came at a\nparticularly bad time of year for temporary agricultural work. The influx took place\nduring harvest, and for the months following, work is almost completely unavailable.\nThe following two years both had very poor rainfall, substantially decreasing the\ndemand for hired workers.\n\n\nA few individuals worked in the construction sector (the primary dry season\noccupation); however, most refugee men cited difficulty doing this work because mud\nbricks in Loulouni were a different style than those in Cote d'Ivoire, to suit the drier\nclimate, and thatching was also done differently. Others reported attempting to work\nas artisans, but facing difficulty primarily due to a lack of access to capital, but also\nbecause of either a saturated market, or difficulty breaking into the existing market\n(mentioned in eight interviews). Petty employment available to men in Loulouni is\ngenerally less prestigious than for women. Many youths were reported to work as\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "porters or other small jobs on market day, but beyond that and agricultural labour, job\nprospects were limited.\n\n\nIn terms of material possessions, refugees were less likely to have access to various\nmaterial indications of wealth than residents. For example, relatively few refugee\nhouseholds had bikes or motos, solar panels, radios, etc. This is unsurprising again\ngiven the context of their arrival to Loulouni, and that most do not consider it their\npermanent place of residence. These material indicators do not make a good\nmeasurement of economic integration, however, as numerous non-material indicators\nsuggest a lifestyle considered prestigious by residents of Loulouni.\n\n\nThe use of charcoal burners mentioned above is once example. They were also more\nlikely to eat cassava than local residents, and less likely to eat corn. A difference in\ndietary habits was exacerbated by food distributions, which were based on rice. Rice\nis a relatively prestigious food in Loulouni, and not even the wealthiest residents have\na diet based primarily on rice.\n\n\nIn addition to material possessions, refugees tended to have cultural capital to\nassociate them with the elite in Loulouni. They were on average more educated than\nresidents, from more urban areas, and had a far better command of French. Finally,\nthrough no choice of their own, refugees report more leisure time than their Malian\ncounterparts. As one young man reports (refugee interview 34, 1 October, 2005),\n\n\nPeople could look at me and say I'm lazy, but that's not it. I\ndon't want to spend all my days sitting around drinking tea,\nbut what else can I do? I'm sad every time I go to the office\nof the _sous prefet;_ I am young and fit, I should be working\nfor the food I eat. I wish the aid workers would distribute\njobs instead of food.\n\n\nThe economic aspects of the refugee camp are both a cause and a consequence of the\ninteraction between the camp and the decentralisation process. While certain\neconomic indicators (staple food, for example) are less an indicator of economic class\nthan geography and planning by relief agencies. However, the history of classism and\ndiscrimination between Cote d'Ivoire and Mali means that all these factors influence\nthe way refugees interact with the community, and how the community perceives the\nrights and powers of refugees. These interactions then shape the discussions that take\nplace between citizens and local government officials, particularly in the arena of\naccess to resources. This is a key element in shaping the decentralisation process.\n\n\n**Perceptions and identity**\n\n\nA common starting point when looking at host country political processes is that\nrefugees serve as an \u201cother,\u201d or opposing social force that will create solidarity in the\ncommunity. \u201cThe significance of outsides threats in rousing national allegiance\nis...almost too much of a truism to deserve to deserve further comment\u201d (Landau,\n2002 p20) and many forced migration theorists positing that the refugee presence\nprovides just such an \u201cother\u201d identity to rally against, this presence ought to help\ndecentralisation achieve its goals.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While the idea that refugees are a distinct group often in opposition to the local\npopulation is a dominant one in forced migration literature, it has not gone\nunchallenged. Bakewell (2000) argued that it was \u201cnecessary to put down the lens of\nthe emergency, which portrayed the world starkly in terms of refugees and hosts, and\nuse a more fuzzy lens which allowed boundaries to be blurred between refugees and\nhosts, or emergency and normality. (p2)\u201d When this was done, he claims that the\ndiscourse of aid agencies that defines practice is quite inapplicable to the local\nsituation.\n\n\nThis study has found that in the case of Loulouni, the assumption that \u201cothering\u201d is a\ncharacteristic that can be assumed of all refugee situations is off base. An extensive\nhistory of migration as well as a shared language, culture, religion, and ethnicity all\ncontribute to the inclusive nature of refugee-host identities. This does not necessarily\nimply a lack of tension, however, and some conflicts were actually framed around this\nsameness of identity. It was mentioned in four interviews and by two respondents that\nthere were Malians passing themselves off as refugees.\n\n\nAre more commonly expressed view, however, was to take pride in the identity shared\nwith the refugee community. One man said\n\n\nYou can't come here and say there are the refugees, and\nthese are people from Loulouni. We're all the same. You can\nsee the truth in what I'm saying by watching the young\npeople interact. Whenever there are functions, playing\nfootball, and even if there is work to be done, the young\npeople are all together. They are even marrying each other,\nand we adults are happy with it, because once, we made a\ndistinction, and we have seen that it is wrong.\n\n\nStill others shared the above respondent's observation about young people interacting,\nbut took a very different view on the matter. Previous quotes have alluded to\nstereotypes in the community of the refugee camp as a den of sin \u2013 a source of\nalcohol, prostitution, etc. Some of these accusations have truth to them. Even\nrespondents who had generally positive views of the refugee presence tacitly\nacknowledged the presence of alcohol and prostitution. As one respondent (16) said,\n\n\nMany of the refugees are from cities, where they are used to\nthings we are not used to, and we don't accept all of the\nviews they bring with them. A lot of them drink, they aren't\nMuslim. It is something we don't like, and they are used to\ndoing things with girls that people here don't accept. Despite\nthis, they come with a lot of new ideas that we are interested\nin hearing; many of them have travelled, and seen things we\nhaven't seen. That is an important asset. Like everything, we\nhave to learn to take the good, and leave the bad.\n\n\nAn additional accusation often levelled against refugees is that they erode social\nstructures, for example, undermining traditional authorities or family structures. This,\nlike crime, is something those with an already negative opinion of refugees evoked to\nstrengthen their case, and the majority of respondents acknowledged, and yet attribute\nto different sources. Seventy-six respondents brought up a change in traditional\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "structures of authority as a change Loulouni has seen in the past five years; every\nsingle older man mentioned it. However, only four linked it to the presence of\nrefugees. That is the same number of respondents who linked the same phenomenon\nto decentralisation. The majority of respondents linked it to changes with roots in\neconomic patterns, such as more young people migrating, working for cash, or no\nlonger depending on their families for paying bride prices.\n\n\nThis is very much in line with what academia suggests, as various studies have found\nthat \u201cwhere agricultural decline and urbanisation lead to high mobility among youth\nand a concentration of elderly people in rural communities....older people often lose\ncontrol over important productive resources and traditional support structures become\nless effective.\u201d (Whitaker, 2002 p 374, citing Baker, 1995; Sommers, 1995 and\nParkin, 1972).\n\n\nWhile these negative stereotypes that are frequently dealt with in the refugee studies\nliterature could be found in Loulouni, they were not descriptive of the average host\nperception of the refugee community. Perceptions both by refugees and hosts\noverwhelmingly centred on the economic differences between Mali and Cote d'Ivoire.\nThe refugees, while not seen as rich during their sojourn in Loulouni, were seen as\ncoming from a place of economic privilege, not accustomed to the difficult living\nconditions in Loulouni. This defined many levels of engagement between hosts and\nthe community, and was certainly the centre of how other perceptions were\narticulated. For example, many of the hosts who cited the refugees as a source of\nsocial degradation linked this to the \u201curban way of life\u201d in Cote d'Ivoire. These\narticulations were widely shared by refugees as well. One refugee woman\ndemonstrated this view discussing the water conflict.\n\n\nWomen from Loulouni say it's not fair that we have a pump\nto ourselves. It's true that they have a problem of water too,\nand there are more of them than us. But they have been here\nfor a long time, living like this. They are used to it. Staying\nin Cote d'Ivoire, we are not used to such things. We can\nbarely survive with this pump as it is.\n\n\nWhile this difference of economic background was a source of tension, it was not\nalways seen negatively. The most commonly cited affect refugees had on the\ncommunity was that they brought new ideas, mentioned by seventy-four survey\nrespondents. In Mali, travelling is considered an important form of education, and as\nsuch, anyone coming from far away is respected as having knowledge of different\nplaces, customs, etc. The vast majority of respondents' initial framing of their\ninteractions with the refugee community was based around this exchange of ideas.\nThis was particularly emphasised by poorer respondents, and those who had never\ntravelled to Cote d'Ivoire. One man explained,\n\n\nMany people in Loulouni have been to Cote d'Ivoire, and\ncome back with stories about what it is like there. I have\nnever had the chance to go, so I must keep quiet. Now when\nI talk to the people coming from Cote d'Ivoire, it is like I\nhave gone myself. I can come to understand their way of\ndoing things. I can also help teach them, since they are\nstrangers here. It turns all of us into wiser people. This has\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "really benefited the town. Now, the boundaries of Loulouni\ndon't stop at the river, they stretch all the way to Cote\nd'Ivoire.\n\n\nThis idea was also expressed through responses about refugees' economic activities.\nSixteen women surveyed cited the Ivorian's superior _attieke-_ making abilities. Three\neven reported working with them to learn the skill.\n\n\nThe only two respondents who reported hiring Ivorian agricultural workers also had\npositive things to say about the exchange of ideas. One mentioned\n\n\nfarming in Cote d'Ivoire is not exactly the same as it is here.\nThere, the plots are usually bigger, and some of the things\nwe plant are not the same. Sometimes it is a disadvantage,\nbecause the workers don't know how to do everything, and\nwe must teach them. But sometimes I gain a lot, because\nthey might know ways of doing things that are better, or\nfaster.\n\n\nThe strongest trend evident in the data, a dynamic which was also evident in other\ninteractions, including the interviews and informal interactions, was that opinions\nabout the impact refugees had on the community were strongly correlated to the\neconomic status of the respondent. Specifically, the wealthier the respondent, the\nmore likely they were to feel like the refugees had a negative impact on the\ncommunity. Reasons for this were articulated in a number of different ways, and its\nimplications are central to thinking about transformations in governance in general\nand decentralisation in particular.\n\n\nThe most striking articulation stems from the fact that wealthy men were more likely\nto have travelled to Cote d'Ivoire themselves to work than any other sector of the\npopulation. Every single male respondent claiming the refugees were having a\nnegative impact on the community had spent time working in Cote d'Ivoire, and they\nall made a link to the discrimination they themselves faced during their time in Cote\nd'Ivoire. One man said\n\n\nWe who have worked in Cote d'Ivoire, we will turn our\nbacks to the refugees. We went there and suffered. I can't\ndescribe what it is to be a Malian working in Cote d'Ivoire;\nthe humiliation when you go to pray. People take advantage\nof you, stealing because they know you are a stranger, and\nyou have nowhere to turn. Now they are trying to turn to\nme? No, my eyes are closed to their problems (association\nleader interview, 18 March, 2006)\n\n\nConversely, a wealthy woman who had also spent time in Cote d'Ivoire experienced\nsimilar difficulties, but drew a different conclusion about the impact the refugees were\nhaving.\n\n\nI am glad the refugees came. When I went to their doorstep\nasking for help, they turned me away. I slept outside in the\ncold, hungry. Now that they are at my doorstep, they will\nhave a warm bed and a full stomach. I used to be angry at\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the Ivorians, and the way they treated me, but now that they\nare here, I have the chance to make peace. Being a good host\nhas been a chance for me to regain the respect that I lost\nwhen I was in Cote d'Ivoire.\n\n\nIn the case of women, negativity in seven of the nine cases was expressed primarily\nbecause of the problem of water in the community. As one woman said,\n\n\nWhen we learned that the Ivorians were getting pumps\ninstalled, we were very happy. We had also been obliged to\nwalk far to the river to get water, and then it is not always\nclean. But then the Ivorians said we couldn't use their\npumps, that they were only for them. Even if they were not\nusing them, they would lock them so we couldn't take water.\nHow can we accept them as guests if they behave like this?\n\n\nThe fact that there is a correlation between economic status and a negative opinion of\nrefugees is not on its own important to this study. It becomes important, however,\nupon learning that economic status was correlated to interactions with local\ngovernment officials. While the wealthy were not substantially more politically\nengaged, they were more likely than their less affluent counterparts to go to the mayor\nor commune council to help them resolve any disputes they might be party to in the\ncommunity. As wealth decreased, respondents were more likely to consult extended\nfamily members, religious leaders, or the village chief. The consequence of these two\npatterns converging is that local government will be more engaged on issues relating\nto refugees by those who feel they have had a negative impact on the community.\n\n\nWhat above sections illustrate is that a wide range of members of the host community\nin Loulouni are making the same observations about the impact of the refugee\npresence in Loulouni, which seem accurate in that they are supported by other kinds\nof data as well. The conclusions they are drawing, however, differ wildly. The current\nrefugee studies literature looking at the impact refugees are having on their hosts\nexplains this by disaggregating the local population, and pointing out that different\npeople are experiencing different aspects of the same phenomenon.\n\n\nWhile this is one element, simply disaggregating the population does not go far\nenough. This study proposes that these differences in articulation can be more\naccurately explained as a reflection of the pre-existing power dynamics in the\ncommunity, and provide important insights about stakeholders views and involvement\nin the local political process.\n\n\nWhile disaggregation of all populations is important for a robust understanding of\nsocial and political dynamics, it is inadequate. Rather, the historical political,\neconomic, and social dynamics that make such a process of disaggregation relevant\nmust be brought into the picture as well. These played a large role in setting the\ntrajectory for the process of integration. In the case of Loulouni, the close historical\nties between southern Mali and Cote d'Ivoire meant that refugees were not seen as\noutsiders that the local community could build an identity in opposition to. However,\nbecause Cote d'Ivoirians were historically wealthier, at times at the expense of\nmigrant workers from Cote d'Ivoire, discourse over rights and access to resources\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "were often framed in terms of differences of class, level of education, etc. This has\nthen been instrumental in shaping the decentralisation process.\n\n\n**Transformation of decentralisation**\n\n\nIt is evident that the implementation of decentralisation in Loulouni was strengthening\nmany aspects of participatory democracy. Citizens were much more likely to interact\nwith local government officials. Channels of communication had opened, and there\nwas a widespread perception that, however serious the problems of capacity may be,\nlocal government valued consultation, and had become more responsive to their\nneeds.\n\n\nHowever, from an administrative point of view, the division of powers between the\ndemocratically elected mayor and the upwardly accountable _sous prefet_ was delicately\nbalancing many issues of legitimacy, capacity, and service provision. This balance\nwas threatened by limits of fiscal decentralisation, since a lack of resources at the\nlocal level was both undermining the relationship between the mayor and the\ncommunity, and between the mayor and the _sous prefet_ .\n\n\nThe arrival of refugees to this scene transformed the situation in several important\nways. On one hand, the refugee influx was accompanied by significant resources from\nhumanitarian organisations. This had clear benefits for the community, particularly\nsince many of these resources came in the form of infrastructure. However, rights and\naccess to these resources had to be negotiated between the refugees and the host\ncommunity, and these negotiations took place in a context of historical inequalities.\nAdditionally, the power to control rights and access had to be negotiated between the\nmayor and the _sous prefet_ .\n\n\n**Administrative impact**\n\n\nThe impact the refugee influx has had on the administrative aspects of the\ndecentralisation process have been largely negative. As previously discussed, lack of\nclear mandates on all levels has been a huge challenge to the effective implementation\nof decentralisation in Mali. Just as local government officials were developing a way\nof working in the face of this challenge, the introduction of new powers and resources\nby the refugee influx upset the fragile administrative balance. Power struggles were\nexacerbated, occasionally to the point of limiting the capacity of the local government\nto act.\n\n\nBecause of the nature of the relief operation, unprecedented demands for coordination\nwere made on local government. This had the positive affect of improving\ncoordination across the board. However, it is also possible that such demands will\nresult in unintended transformations of local government structures. The final\noutcome remains to be seen as the transformation is very much still work in progress,\nbut evidence from Loulouni suggests that the relief effort moved local government\naway from participatory, democratic practices by vesting more power in upwardly\naccountable authorities.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Because of the political history of Mali, _sous prefets_ are responsive to responsibilities\npassed down to them from the hierarchy of government. One NGO extension worker\nin a neighbouring commune cited a history of conflict with the _sous prefet_, as he was\nseen as working with the mayor on issues surrounding decentralisation. When this\nwas discussed in Sikasso at a planning meeting, he returned to a complete reversal of\nattitude. Upon inquiry, he found\n\n\nit was really quite simple. All it took was a letter from the\noffice of the governor saying 'decentralisation is our project\ntoo; give it your full support.' After that statement was\nreceived, the _sous prefet_ was nothing but helpful.\n\n\nFrom the formation of the crisis committee, it was clear that managing the refugee\nsituation was being placed in the hands of the _sous prefet_ . This explains his strong\nsupport of the refugees on so many issues, such as according exclusive use of one\npump to the camp, and the encouragement of the community to clean the camp. The\nmayor, however, felt marginalised throughout the process of the arrival of refugees,\nand this undoubtedly made already existing tensions with the _sous prefet_ worse, and\npossibly mobilised negative sentiments about the refugees. Allegiances with the\nmayor by certain segments of the population then became articulated as anti-refugee.\n\n\nLike many survey respondents, the former mayor cites a lack of consistency as\naccompanying a relief effort, and he claims that this is due to a lack of clarity in roles.\nThis lack of clarity was at the heart of the power struggle between him and the _sous_\n_prefet_ . In his words,\n\n\nBefore the refugees came, I knew my work, and the _sous_\n_prefet_ knew his. But when the refugees came, everything\nwas shaken up. What it comes down to, is that nobody\nknows exactly who is responsible for the refugees. And\nwhen we started discussing that in detail, it became clear that\nnobody knew who was responsible for many other things as\nwell.\n\n\nThe lack of clarity in mandate and at times _ad hoc_ implementation that may be\ninherent in any emergency relief situations reignited power struggles between local\nactors. In certain contexts, there may be nothing transformatory about such struggles.\nIn the case of Loulouni, however, and arguably in many refugee hosting countries in a\nstate of political transition, the outcomes of such power struggles will have a defining\nimpact on emerging political structures. This is particularly true in the early years of\ndecentralisation in Mali, since legislation on the decentralisation of powers is not\nsufficiently developed to provide clarity on roles. As a result, the local reality in\nLoulouni is in a position to shape policy as much as the opposite is the case.\n\n\nBy giving powers for the allocation of resources at the local level to the _sous prefet_,\nthe degree to which decentralisation was truly implemented was reduced. This\neffective recentralisation of powers has had a negative impact on the other\nadministrative goals of decentralisation. As mentioned earlier, the _sous prefet_ works\nin less transparent ways than the mayor. Furthermore, because he is not accountable to\na local electorate, nor does he have consultative decision making processes, he has\nless allocative efficiency than the mayor. While the refugee influx did not necessarily\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "change the way the office of the _sous prefet_ worked, it did change the trajectory of\ndecentralisation from an administrative point of view, in that new powers were\ndevolved to an upwardly accountable, untransparent governing body.\n\n\nThere would be a valid argument to be made that such a system was necessary for the\nprotection of the refugees; an official accountably only to the local population would\nnot have an incentive to protect the refugee population, skewing what precisely\nconstitutes efficient allocation of resources. While this argument is credible, it is also\nimportant to note the transformatory impact any shift in powers has on the\ndecentralisation process while legislation is still being solidified. The challenge to the\nadministrative aspect of decentralisation would be less pressing if it were contained to\nthe influx itself. However, as evidence earlier in this section has shown, there was an\nelement of norm creation when the _sous prefet_ took on these new powers.\n\n\n**Political impact**\n\n\nOne of the most significant findings of the newly emerging empirical research on\ndecentralisation is that central governments are better than local governments at\ncreating infrastructure \u2013 initially installing the service - whereas local governments\nare better at managing and maintaining what is already in place (Fageut, 1999). Since\nthe refugee influx created a shift in focus from infrastructure creation to management,\nit actually created a situation that was more conducive to decentralised governance.\nFurthermore, since the demands of management and maintenance are clear, and full\ninvolvement on the part of the community is inherent to a conflict resolution process,\nthis has created a situation whereby the local government has a clear mandate that is\nvisible to the community, facilitating accountability and transparency.\n\n\nThe arrival of refugees raises many questions about access to services for host\ncommunities. Complex negotiations inevitably take place to determine the rights of\nrefugees to make use of public services, as well as the rights of hosts to access relief\nrelated services. Local governing authorities are particularly well placed to deal with\nthese issues, and at the same time they are institutionally strengthened by being given\nthe mandate to make decisions on issues that were formerly nonexistent.\n\n\nThe political impact of the refugee influx is thus largely positive. Before the refugee\ninflux, residents of Loulouni were overwhelmingly frustrated with the inability of\nlocal government to meet their needs with regards to basic public services. Local\ngovernment was frustrated with the demands being made on them from the population\nwhile they were unable to access resources to respond. Mirroring the administrative\nconflicts caused by the humanitarian influx, the introduction of resources that\naccompanied the refugees created conflict in the community. This changed the\ndemands of local government from service provision to conflict resolution. Local\ngovernment was unable to provide services because of a lack of resources. However, a\nhigh degree of success was possible on the conflict resolution front. This built a\nrelationship of trust between local government authorities and the population,\nbringing the residents of Loulouni on board in the decentralisation process. This\nconfidence is crucial to the success of decentralisation, and without the change in\nlocal government role prompted by the refugee influx; decentralisation would have\nrisked being brushed aside as more talk from the central government.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At the same time, the arrival of refugees may be hindering the establishment of the\nkind of accountability mechanisms decentralisation needs to succeed. On one hand,\nwhen the demands the community made of local government officials changed from\nthe provision of infrastructure to the negotiation of access and rights to use existing\ninfrastructure, the local government was much better able to respond to the needs of\nthe community. However, this is enforcing a system that has been in place in Mali for\na long time, in which the public sector is not providing services.\n\n\nOne of the political aims of decentralisation is to change this pattern. As long as the\ncitizens of Loulouni are not going to expect service delivery on the part of local\ngovernment, however, the system of tax payment and accountability envisioned by\nMali's leaders at the national level, and partners at the international level, will not be\nestablished. This is closely related to the developmental implications of the refugee\narrival on decentralisation, which will be discussed in the following section.\n\n\n**Development considerations**\n\n\nA central consideration in evaluating the impact of refugee related activities is the\nresources of the host community. The lack of resources on the public sector to\nundertake development activities in Loulouni and other rural communes means that\nmany of such activities had long since been privatised by default, largely left in the\nhands of NGOs or individuals. There are numerous economic models for analysing\nthe effectiveness and efficiency of decentralisation, but if there is not financial support\nfor decentralised governing structures, these models can all be thrown out the\nwindow. In Loulouni, any role player who invests resources in services or\ninfrastructure can be seen as having a positive contribution towards the development\ngoals of decentralisation simply because the decentralised governing structure does\nnot have the resources to implement their own development activities. However, it is\nimportant to point out that while this may work towards the developmental aims of\ndecentralisation, it is coincidental, and does not represent any institutional change.\n\n\nThe significance of relief services delivered in a decentralised context is threefold.\nFirst, they ease some of the pressures on local government who is unable to provide\nthese services with the resources available. This is particularly true of resources which\nthe host community and refugees both use without distinction, such as school supplies\nat the secondary school attended by both refugees and hosts. As Whitaker suggested,\nthis seemed to foster a higher degree of satisfaction with the local government than\nwould otherwise be the case. More respondents cited that local government should be\nresponsible for coordinating NGO interactions to develop the commune than to\nactually provide services (sixty-four vs. two).\n\n\nThe second is that these services are instituted outside of the accountability structures\nof local government. While the relief effort may add legitimacy to local government\nby creating powers and responsibilities that previously did not exist, it is\nsimultaneously undermining them through the back door, by taking control over\nservices that would normally reside with the local government. This could inhibit the\ncreation of accountability structures and future resource mobilisation. It essentially\nensures that service provision and infrastructure development remains outside of the\ninstitutional and political transformation decentralisation is trying to promote.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusion**\n\n\nThis study has examined the impact a refugee influx has had on the process of\ndemocratic decentralisation in one commune in southern Mali. It has found that the\ninflux of refugees has had a profound impact on the transformation of governance in\nthe commune. It has encouraged the process of political decentralisation to become\nmore participatory, through creating incentives for interaction between residents of\nLoulouni and local government officials. At the same time, some degree of\nrecentralising took place, since many new powers and resources that were brought be\nthe humanitarian influx were placed in the hands of the upwardly accountable _sous_\n_prefet_ .\n\n\nFrom an administrative point of view, the impact of the humanitarian influx in\nLoulouni has threatened the decentralisation process. The way decentralisation has\nbeen implemented in Mali is such that powers were devolved often while legislative,\nfinancial, and other forms of support were still evolving. This created a delicate time\nperiod (in which this research was conducted) during which local government\nauthorities had to designate their roles and responsibilities with very little support or\nenforcement.\n\n\nJust as the mayor and _sous prefet_ had reached certain working norms in line with the\nlittle guidance they had, the humanitarian influx came, introducing a large number of\nresources and powers that had not existed before in the commune. The result was a\nsignificant degree of recentralisation. Had this been explicitly temporary, the impact\nof the humanitarian influx could not accurately be described as transformatory.\nBecause the decentralisation process in Mali is still so nascent, however, and the\nprocess of political transformation was still very much in progress, and also very\nmuch defined by practice, a large amount of norm creation in the offices of the _sous_\n_prefet_ and mayor went on with the arrival of the refugees.\n\n\nFrom a political point of view, however, the humanitarian influx granted\ndecentralisation several victories. Before the influx, a lack of resources at the local\nlevel was holding back the political goals of decentralisation. Citizens saw little utility\nin political involvement, since local government was not in a position to provide\nservices. When resources and infrastructure accompanied the refugee influx, the\ndemands citizens made of local government authorities changed from service\nprovision to negotiating rights and access to services.\n\n\nThis is something the local government had the capacity to do, and because of this, a\ngood deal of trust was restored between residents of Loulouni and their elected\nleaders. A cautionary note must be added, however. While it is too early to know if\nthis will be the case, there is a possibility that the shift from demanding services to\nconflict resolution will inhibit the longer term creation of accountability structures at\nthe local level.\n\n\nThe conclusions that can be drawn from this study speak first to the literature in\nforced migration studies that are connected to state transformation. It supports the\nfindings of Landau and Whitaker who claim that refugees are having a fundamental,\ntransformatory impact on the state. Both Landau and Whitaker were studying the case\nof Tanzania, but neither focussed on specific bureaucratic changes the state was\nundergoing. Rather, they defined state transformation in a broader social sense,\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "looking primarily at affiliations citizens expressed towards the state. This study has\ntaken the premise of their findings, and applied it to a specific case of state\ntransformation: decentralisation. Its findings have been in line with those of Landau\nand Whitaker; essentially, that refugees are transforming the way citizens interact\nwith governments in important and fundamental ways. This study particularly bolsters\ntheir claims because they both used Tanzania as a case study, while this study was\ndone in Mali, a significantly different political context.\n\n\nThe current decentralisation process in Mali is undeniable a time of tremendous\ninstitutional change in the State's bureaucratic system. This paper has argued that the\nrefugee presence is playing an important role in shaping local political processes,\nparticularly redefining power dynamics and leadership disputes. A refugee presence\ncan then be seen as having a substantial transformatory impact on the shape of the\ninstitutions currently emerging from this period of political evolution.\n\n\nThe short-term political consequences of the refugee impact may have a positive\naffect on governance. This study found that the refugee influx in Loulouni has\npromoted interaction with local government officials, and shifted demands away from\nthe provision of services that officials lack the resources to provide to negotiation of\nmanagement and conflict resolution, which local governments are better equipped to\nhandle. This has played an important confidence building role that is crucial to the\ndecentralisation process. The long-term consequences, however, could be more\nproblematic, as power struggles between upwardly and downwardly accountable\nofficials regarding their responsibilities to the refugees could result in an institutional\nshift away from downward accountability.\n\n\nWhile this study has exclusively focused on the commune of Loulouni, there are\nimplications for other parts of Mali and other countries currently undergoing a process\nof decentralisation. As mentioned in the introduction and throughout the paper, many\ncountries, particularly in Africa, share certain historical and economic links, and are\nexperiencing decentralisation in similar ways. While each case will have important\ndifferences, there are lessons from Loulouni that can be generalised. This\ngeneralisation must be done with caution; much of this research was devoted to\nbackground information about the history and context of decentralisation in Loulouni,\nto completely understand the process and the dynamics surrounding it. In\ngeneralising, the same process of contextualising must take place.\n\n\nOne lesson is for the humanitarian organisations that operate in areas of political\ntransformation. As noted previously, many refugee crises happen in weak states, with\nchallenges of institutional capacity, and ongoing transformation of the roles and\nresponsibilities of state institutions. It is then particularly necessary to be sensitive to\nthe political realities on the ground. In Loulouni, humanitarian organisations had such\ncapacity when compared to local government structures, that it was nearly inevitable\nthat they would shape the political realities in Loulouni.\n\n\nGiven the potential to impact the decentralisation process tremendously, they could\nhave been a strong tool for promoting participatory governance without\ncompromising the protection of refugees that was their mandate. By working through\nupwardly rather than downwardly accountable officials at the local level, they took\nthe decentralisation process in Loulouni several steps back. This element of planning\nshould be introduced into all relief operations.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Going forward, there is a need for the research question to be turned on its head, to\nexplore the implications of decentralisation on refugee protection and camp\nmanagement. As the autonomy of local governments becomes better understood, their\nautonomy related to a refugee influx will provide an important missing link between\ntheory and practice in forced migration studies literature. This gap is already widely\nacknowledged in the forced migration studies literature (Misago, 2005), but as norms\ndevelop for interaction between humanitarian agencies and local governing bodies,\nthere will certainly be a call better to understand these dynamics.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f72b7f79-da4c-37b1-9cec-77b50af60f3e/5084CB63C07077D8C12574B9004B07B2-Full_Report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_910/raw/doc_910_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_910/raw/doc_910_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 267788d5050569b7582819ec56dffdd9961a8b00..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_910/raw/doc_910_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Cluster Protec\ufffdon** **Niger**\n\n#### **JUILLET 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. CONTEXTE SECURITAIRE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nL\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les r\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri et Tahoua en ce mois de juillet 2022, reste toujours\ncomplexe. Cela du fait des multiples facteurs s\u00e9curitaires, humanitaires et climatiques. En effet, la situation s\u00e9curitaire est\nmarqu\u00e9e par la recrudescence des activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatique, la pr\u00e9sence des groupes de vigilances arm\u00e9s, et\nl\u2019\u00e9mergence continu de banditisme arm\u00e9.\n\nEn effet, cette situation touche l\u2019ensemble des zones affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire dans les deux r\u00e9gions Tillab\u00e9ri et Tahoua.\nEt en particulier au cours de ce mois de juillet, les d\u00e9partements de Ayerou, Tillabery, Tillia, Tahoua, Torodi, Abala, Banibangou,\nFillingu\u00e9, Ouallam et T\u00e9ra sont plus concern\u00e9s.\n\nSelon les donn\u00e9es du monitoring communautaire rapport\u00e9es par les points focaux l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9\npar des extorsions de biens et assassinats de personnes dans les localit\u00e9s de Koutougou, Gaoudel, Torobangou (commune\nd\u2019Ayerou). Des incursions suivies des menaces dans les villages des communes de Tillia et Tahoua.\n\nAussi, les conditions climatiques dues \u00e0 l\u2019av\u00e8nement de la saison hivernale avec des fortes pr\u00e9cipitations enregistr\u00e9es fin juillet,\nrendent la protection des populations civiles plus complexe dans les zones affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri comme\npour Tahoua.\n\nEn effet, les pluies torrentielles limites fortement l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux villages \u00e0 la fois aux forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mais aussi aux acteurs de\nprotection. Selon, les points focaux communautaires les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de groupes armes non \u00e9tatique (GANE) profite de cette\nsituation pour \u00e9tablir une permanence dans certaines localit\u00e9s fronti\u00e8res de d\u00e9partements de Tillia, Fillingu\u00e9, Abala,\nBanibangou, Ayerou, Ouallam,Torodi et Tera.\n\nIl faut noter \u00e9galement que la situation humanitaire que vivent les populations civiles dans ces zones est alarmante compte tenu\ndes conditions s\u00e9curitaires qui limite l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s, et toutes activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de revenue. Le mois de juillet co\u00efncide\n\u00e9galement \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode de soudure qui marque une rupture des moyens de subsistances pour les populations au Niger, et cela\nplus pr\u00e9occupant dans les zones affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire. Le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les r\u00e9gions de\nTillab\u00e9ri et Tahoua est loin d\u2019\u00eatre propice pour les populations civiles qui y vivent\n**1. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nAu vu de tout ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection au mois juillet marque une certaine particularit\u00e9 dans les\ncommunes frontali\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri. En effet, les sources communautaires ont rapport\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence continue des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE dans les localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es au nord-est (Tidiki, Ikakane, Tagabat) que dans les localit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es au nord-ouest\n(Koutougou, Gaoudel, Toro Bangou), suivi d\u2019exaction (assassinat et d\u2019extorsion de biens) sur les membres de la communaut\u00e9.\nAussi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 une recrudescence des activit\u00e9s de GANE surtout dans la zone de Koutougou et ses environnants.\nAinsi, cette situation continue d\u2019enregistrer des victimes par suite des assassinats cibl\u00e9es. Au niveau d\u2019Anzourou, malgr\u00e9\nl\u2019accalmie enregistr\u00e9 au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, la situation s\u00e9curitaire reste mena\u00e7ante et incertaine du fait de la pr\u00e9sence\npermanente des GANE dans les villages abandonn\u00e9s par la population. Cependant, au niveau de la commune d\u2019Ayorou il a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9 un calme tout au long du mois. Au niveau de Kandadji, Dessa et Bibiyorgo malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des FDS et des\npatrouilles militaires, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 des attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9titives suivie d\u2019agression physique et d\u2019extorsion de b\u00e9tails (Plus de 150\nt\u00eates emport\u00e9es). La population dans cette zone demeure r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement attaqu\u00e9e et extorqu\u00e9e de ses biens.\n\nDu cot\u00e9 de Fillingue, Ouallam, Abala et Banibangu, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s mouvement\u00e9 et reste tr\u00e8s volatile o\u00f9 une\npr\u00e9sence massive des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE a \u00e9t\u00e9 quotidiennement signal\u00e9e suivie des violations de droits \u00e0 l\u2019endroit de la\npopulation et cette situation plonge la population dans une peur permanente. C\u2019est ainsi, qu\u2019une trentaine de motos \u00e0 bord\ndesquelles 60 individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s auraient sillonn\u00e9 plusieurs localit\u00e9s de la commune de Kourfeye-Centre et auraient\ntenus des s\u00e9ances de pr\u00eaches dans chaque village visit\u00e9 avant de pr\u00e9lever la ZAKAT. Selon toujours les m\u00eames sources, les\npersonnes qui ne disposent pas de moyens pour payer cette somme auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de menace car d\u2019apr\u00e8s les \u00e9l\u00e9ments\ndes GANE, ils auraient profit\u00e9 du boom des prix des animaux \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la f\u00eate de la Tabaski pour \u00e9couler leurs b\u00e9tails \u00e0\ndes prix assez importants, donc il ne serait plus question cette fois-ci de manque de moyens financiers comme argument pour\nces villageois afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 ces pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de la Zakat.\n\nPar ailleurs, il faut signaler que les comit\u00e9s de vigilance (groupes arm\u00e9s d\u2019autod\u00e9fenses) sont aussi devenus une menace pour\nles populations autant que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE. Ce qui fut l\u2019objet d\u2019une rencontre entre le pr\u00e9fet du d\u00e9partement de\nBanibangou et les diff\u00e9rents leaders communautaires de la zone du fait de leur implication dans plusieurs affaires obscures,\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pour clarifier \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 les missions assign\u00e9es aux comit\u00e9s de vigilance de la zone. A titre d\u2019exemple le 04 juillet 2022\nles membres de ces comit\u00e9s de vigilance auraient pris de force pr\u00e8s de 400 000 FCFA dans un campement Touareg.\n\n\n**b. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nLe contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection au cours du mois de juillet 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par une persistance des incursions des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE surtout dans le d\u00e9partement de Tillia et de Tahoua en raison de la r\u00e9currence des multiples et diverses\nexactions qui sont symptomatiques de la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans la zone, \u00e9maill\u00e9es\npar plusieurs violations de droits perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es sur la population civile et dont les auteurs ne sont autres que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nGANE et ce malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence des FDS dans la zone .\n\nLes incursions des GANE sont presque quotidiennes dans ces deux d\u00e9partements suivis de menaces, des agressions\nphysiques, d\u2019extorsions de biens \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle \u00e0 travers le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement forc\u00e9 de la ZAKAT en grande partie dans les\nlocalit\u00e9s et sur les axes les reliant, mais aussi dans les champs et les aires de p\u00e2turage.\n\nCette d\u00e9gradation continue et croissante de la situation s\u00e9curitaire pourrait constituer un v\u00e9ritable obstacle aux opportunit\u00e9s\n\u00e9conomiques de la zone naturellement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la saison pluvieuse, que sont principalement l\u2019\u00e9levage et l\u2019agriculture, r\u00e9duisant\ndu coup les moyens de subsistances des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI, retourn\u00e9s et des populations h\u00f4tes.\n\nPour ne pas se faire remarquer par les FDS, les GANE ont adopt\u00e9 depuis un certain temps un nouveau mode op\u00e9ratoire qui\nconsiste \u00e0 mener des incursions par petits groupes de 02, 04, 06 et 08 au maximum.\n\nCette recrudescence de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, dont les militaires ont apparemment du mal \u00e0 contrecarrer malgr\u00e9 leur forte pr\u00e9sence\ndans la zone, aurait contraint plusieurs \u00e9leveurs saisonniers \u00e0 quitter la bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali pour s\u2019installer dans la\ncommune rurale de Takanamatt d\u00e9partement de Tahoua. Ce qui aurait alert\u00e9 les agriculteurs du fait de l\u2019insuffisance des aires\nde p\u00e2turages qui pourra pousser les nomades \u00e0 introduire leurs animaux dans les champs avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9 une bagarre dans la\ncommune rurale de Takanamatt. Une situation qui contribuera \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 mal la coexistence pacifique entre \u00e9leveurs et\nagriculteurs dans la zone. Aussi, Une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable de la fr\u00e9quentation des march\u00e9s hebdomadaires a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e\ndans le d\u00e9partement de Tillia \u00e0 cause de la pr\u00e9sence des GANE dans la zone et sur les axes, mais aussi dans les aires de\np\u00e2turages et les champs qui semblent devenir les nouveaux terrains d\u2019op\u00e9ration des groupes arm\u00e9s dans le cadre des\nextorsions de biens, hypoth\u00e9quant du coup les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques dans la zone.\n\n\n**2. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso**\n\nToujours dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri, la bande frontali\u00e8re Niger Burkina Faso a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s mouvement au mois de\njuillet. Selon, les sources communautaires de monitoring les groupes armes profitent de leurs sanctuaires de la zone des trois\nfronti\u00e8res pour commettre les exactions contre les civils et \u00e9chapp\u00e9s aux op\u00e9rations militaires dans la zone.\n\nEn effet, l\u2019activisme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE les localit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res des d\u00e9partements de Torodi, Gothey, Tera, Say se\ncaract\u00e9rise par l\u2019interception des axes routiers (Niamey-Tera, Torodi-Makalondi), pour des contr\u00f4les des usagers de la routes\navec les risques d\u2019exactions et les extorsions de b\u00e9tails \u00e0 Doundel, l\u2019enl\u00e8vement du SG de la mairie de Dargol (axe\nGotheye-Niamey).\n\nAu cours du mois juillet, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e9galement l\u2019interception de l\u2019axe Say-Tamou pour le contr\u00f4le\ndes usages. Avec souvent des extorsions des biens (t\u00e9l\u00e9phones, biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 etc.), les agressions physiques\nsuivie d\u2019interdiction aux femmes d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux march\u00e9s, la poursuite des op\u00e9rations de recrutement forc\u00e9 dans les villages\nde Makalondi, Torodi, Gotheye et T\u00e9ra, des d\u00e9cisions issues de la rencontre de Mangou qui consiste \u00e0 interdire toutes activit\u00e9s\nagricoles sauf en cas d\u2019all\u00e9geance \u00e0 leur mouvement. Au niveau du D\u00e9partement de Say, les communes de Our\u00e9 Gueladio et\nde Tamou ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement affectes par la pr\u00e9sence mais aussi les menaces des GANE.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**II.** **CONTEXTE OPERATIONEL**\n\n\n**1. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel au mois de juillet 2022, dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri reste marqu\u00e9 par les contraintes s\u00e9curitaires dues\n\u00e0 l\u2019activisme des groupes armes. Aux mesures administratives mise en place par les autorit\u00e9s nig\u00e9riennes pour limiter l\u2019acc\u00e8s\na certaines zones sans escorte militaire et la saison hivernale qui limite \u00e9galement l\u2019acc\u00e8s avec les pluies torrentielles.\nSp\u00e9cifiquement contexte op\u00e9rationnel dans la r\u00e9gion de caract\u00e9rise par :\n\nLa mise en place les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE de points d\u2019interception des grands axes routiers reliant souvent la capitale\n\nNiamey aux chefs-lieux des d\u00e9partements (Niamey-T\u00e9ra, Niamey-Torodi-Makalondi)\n\nLes pluies torrentielles de la saison hivernale avec risques d\u2019inondation qui limitent fortement l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux populations\n\nciviles dans les zones les plus affect\u00e9es ;\n\nLes restrictions s\u00e9curitaires impos\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s sur plusieurs axes notamment Torodi - Makalondi ;\n\nT\u00e9ra - Bankilare ; Ouallam, Banibangou et Abala - Sanam ;\n\nL\u2019emp\u00eachement aux fid\u00e8les musulmans par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE \u00e0 plusieurs localit\u00e9s du ressort de la commune\n\nrurale de Sanam d\u00e9partement d\u2019Abala, de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la f\u00eate de Tabaski au motif que la date du samedi 09 juillet 2022\n\ncomme annonc\u00e9e par le Gouvernement est fausse et que la vraie date de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration religieusement est le\n\ndimanche 10 juillet 2022\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence et la poursuite des patrouilles militaires mais aussi par des attaques des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE dans la zone\n\nde Goroual, T\u00e9ra et Dargol et surtout dans la zone de Torodi et de Makalondi suivis, enl\u00e8vement de 02 personnes \u00e0\n\nWarrow, assassinat des leaders communautaires (chef du village, commer\u00e7ants), extorsions de biens, agression\n\nphysique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des femmes et de d\u00e9nis d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et tout ceci entrainant des mouvements de population\n\nExtorsion de b\u00e9tails dans la localit\u00e9 de Kandadji, commune de Dessa ;\n\nL\u2019assassinats d\u2019au moins 8 personnes membres, 05 bless\u00e9es de la communaut\u00e9 dans les localit\u00e9s des d\u00e9partements\n\nde Banibangou, Ouallam, Abala, et Ayerou.\n\n\n**b. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nDans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua au mois de juillet 2022, le contexte op\u00e9rationnel reste similaire \u00e0 celui de la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri a bien\ndes \u00e9gards, avec toutefois des faits marquant suivants :\n\nL\u2019interception de deux v\u00e9hicules de transport en commun en provenance du march\u00e9 de Takanamatt \u00e0 05 kilom\u00e8tres de\n\nTabatol, d\u00e9partement et commune de Tillia sur l\u2019axe Takanamatt et T\u00e9lemc\u00e8s ;\n\nUn accrochage entre les FDS et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE dans la localit\u00e9 de Garin Ali d\u00e9partement et commune de Tillia.\n\nLe premier bilan provisoire fait \u00e9tat de 08 morts c\u00f4t\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE ;\n\nUn autre accrochage entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE et les comit\u00e9s de vigilances arm\u00e9s op\u00e9rant dans le d\u00e9partement de\n\nTillia le jeudi 14 juillet 2022 ;\n\nL\u2019apparition du banditisme arm\u00e9 aux alentours du chef-lieu de la r\u00e9gion Tahoua notamment dans le chef-lieu de la\ncommune d\u2019Affala ou des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 bord de motos auraient contraint sous la menace d\u2019armes \u00e0\nfeu, un agent d\u2019un service de transfert d\u2019argent, \u00e0 leur ouvrir son kiosque dans lequel ils auraient ramass\u00e9 une somme\nimportante avant de tirer sur l\u2019agent. Selon des informations re\u00e7ues sur place, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE auraient aussi\ndemand\u00e9 les concessions o\u00f9 vivent certains commer\u00e7ants de la localit\u00e9 qui, en apprenant l\u2019information auraient fui\naussit\u00f4t le village.\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Tassara, deux v\u00e9hicules transportant du carburant destin\u00e9 aux GANE auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 intercept\u00e9s par les FDS\nentre Egareck et Midal.\n\nL\u2019attaque de l\u2019ambulance de T\u00e9lemc\u00e8s par des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 bord de motos \u00e0 Garin Ali dans le but\nde l\u2019immobiliser. Fort heureusement et les occupants et l\u2019ambulance sont sortie indemnes. Pour ne citer que ceux-l\u00e0.\n\n\nRapport Mensuel de Monitoring de Protection | R\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri -Tahoua JUILLET 2022 Page 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n**1. Situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**a. R\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie:**\nDans les deux r\u00e9gions (Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri) couvertes par le monitoring de\nprotection, 253 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et enregistr\u00e9s au\ncours de ce mois de juillet 2022.\nCes incidents sont r\u00e9partis en onze (11) typologies, \u00e0 savoir :\nExtorsions de biens : 149 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nAgressions physiques : 31 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nVols et pillages : 30 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nAssassinats/meurtres : 14 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nMenace : 10 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nEnl\u00e8vements : 05 incidents sur 164 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nIncursions/Attaques : 04 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nConflits intercommunautaires : 03 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au\ntotal ;\nArrestations : 03 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nIncendies volontaires : 02 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total ;\nEEI/Blessure par balle : 02 incidents sur 253 cas enregistr\u00e9s au total.\n\n\n**b. Suivi des victimes d\u2019assassinats/meurtres (Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri):**\nDurant ce mois de juillet 2022, les activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection ont\npermis d\u2019enregistrer 15 cas de victimes d\u2019assassinats/meurtres pour les deux\nr\u00e9gions de Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri contrairement au mois de juin 2022 o\u00f9 21 cas\nde victimes d\u2019assassinats/meurtres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s au compte des deux\nr\u00e9gions.\n\n\n**c. Suivi des victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vements (Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri):**\nDurant le mois de juillet 2022, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 07 cas de victimes\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vements dans les r\u00e9gions de Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri contrairement au mois\nde juin au cours duquel 02 cas de victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s.\n\n\n**d. Suivi des personnes touch\u00e9es par les incidents (Tahoua et Tillab\u00e9ri)** :\nParmi les victimes d\u2019incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9es durant ce mois de\njuillet 2022, il convient de noter que 1173 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s \u00e0 Tahoua\ncontre 1075 \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri. Neuf 09 femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es \u00e0 Tahoua contre 14\nfemmes \u00e0 Tillab\u00e9ri. Et aucun incident n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 ni chez les gar\u00e7ons ni\nchez les filles dans les deux r\u00e9gions couvertes par le monitoring de protection\ndurant la p\u00e9riode en revue.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**a. R\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie:**_\n\nAu cours du mois de juillet, le monitoring de protection a enregistr\u00e9 71\n\nincidents de protections soit une l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9duction de 3 incidents compar\u00e9 au\n\nmois juin qui a enregistr\u00e9 74 incidents. Ces incidents sont repartis en 10\n\ntypologies :\n\nLes extorsions des biens (34 cas),\nAssassinats et meurtre (13 cas),\nAgression physique (7 cas),\nMenaces (5 cas),\nEnl\u00e8vements (4 cas),\nArrestation (2 cas),\nIncendie volontaire (2 cas),\nEEI/blessure par balle (2 cas),\nVol et pillage (1cas),\nLes incursion/attaque (1 cas),\n_**b. R\u00e9partition des typologies de violation de droits:**_\nL\u2019analyse des incidents rapport\u00e9s au cours du mois de juillet 2022, ressort\nque ces typologies de violations ont principalement marqu\u00e9 le contexte: les\nviolations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 49%,35 soit une diminution\nde 29%,67 par rapport au mois pass\u00e9, les violations du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0\nl\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique 43 %,30 soit une augmentation de 27%, 30 par rapport au\nmois pass\u00e9, les violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement on enregistr\u00e9es\n8%,60 soit une augmentation de 5%,16 par rapport au mois pass\u00e9. Cette fois\naussi, l\u2019activisme des GANE suivi d\u2019extorsion des bien ont \u00e9t\u00e9 quasi fr\u00e9quent.\nA noter les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9currents au cours de ce\nmois non seulement au niveau de la bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali mais aussi\nau niveau de la zone des trois fronti\u00e8res notamment dans la commune de\nT\u00e9ra et Torodi.\n\n_**c. R\u00e9partition des victimes par statut de population:**_\nIl ressort de l\u2019analyse des victimes par statut de la population que le\npourcentage de la population h\u00f4te qui \u00e9tait de 97% avec 297 victimes a connu\nune l\u00e9g\u00e8re augmentions de 1% au cours du mois de juin mais avec 1078\nvictimes. Cette situation explique que la population h\u00f4tes d\u00e9tient plus de\nvictimes. Au niveau de la proportion des PDI il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 15% avec 7\nvictimes durant ce mois soit une augmentation de 14% et 3 victimes parmi\ncette cat\u00e9gorie. Et enfin une autre cat\u00e9gorie appel\u00e9 autres qui d\u00e9tenait 2%\navec 5 victimes \u00e0 diminuer de 1% et d\u20191 victime.\n\n_**d. R\u00e9partition des incidents par auteurs:**_\nLes faits et les caract\u00e9ristiques des incidents permettent de comprendre\nl\u2019appartenance des incidents en fonction des acteurs. Ainsi, au cours de ce\nmois on a enregistr\u00e9 93%,66 d\u2019incidents commis par les GANE soit une\ndiminution de 2%,34 d\u2019incidents par rapport au mois pass\u00e9. Aussi, 3%, 2\nd\u2019incidents sont attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de force de d\u00e9fense (FDS) soit une\ndiminution de 0,2%. Au cours de ce mois 3%,2 des incidents sont commis par\ndes auteurs non identifi\u00e9s (NB) soit une augmentation de 2%,2 par rapport au\n\nmois pass\u00e9.\n\n_**e. R\u00e9partition des victimes par \u00e2ge et par sexe:**_\nAu cours du mois de juillet, l\u2019analyse des victimes par \u00e2ge nous a permis de\ncomprendre que la proportion des adultes (homme) qui \u00e9tait de 96% avec 294\nvictimes \u00e0 augmenter 3% pour atteindre 99% avec 1075 hommes et celui des\nfemmes 4% avec 12 victimes \u00e0 diminuer de 3%pour atteindre 1% avec 14\nvictimes.n\nAu niveau de la r\u00e9partition des enfants victimes, les gar\u00e7ons qui \u00e9tait la\ntranche la plus touch\u00e9 1% (Mai) n\u2019a pas eu de cas ces deux mois.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmois pass\u00e9.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV.** **MOUVEMENT DE POPULATION**\n\n\n**1.** **Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nAu cours du mois de juillet, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de :\n\n07 m\u00e9nages de 40 individus en provenance de Waydoubangou (Banibangou) \u00e0 Ballayara install\u00e9s dans des\nfamilles d\u2019accueil ;\n\n40 m\u00e9nages de 280 personnes environs en provenance de Koumandjouari et Boutouloungou et install\u00e9s \u00e0\nMakalondi (espace libre) en date du 6 juillet 2022 ;\n\n45 m\u00e9nages de 315 personnes en provenance de Warrow et Tango-tango et install\u00e9s \u00e0 Gotheye dans des familles\nd\u2019accueils en date du 8 juillet 2022 ;\n\n07 m\u00e9nages de 36 personnes venus de Sinssan Tondi (commune rurale de Simiri) pour s\u2019installer N'dounga\n(commune rurale Kollo) dans des familles d\u2019accueils en date du 10 juillet 2022 ;\n\n02 m\u00e9nages de 14 personnes venus de Doulgou pour le site de Gotheye le 25 juillet 2022 ;\n\n09 m\u00e9nages de 58 personnes venus de Sinta Tondi (commune de Simiri) venus dans les familles d\u2019accueils dans la\nzone de Dalewa (commune de N\u2019dounga) en date du 27 juillet 2022.\n**b.** **Mouvement de retour**\n\nAu cours du mois de juillet, deux mouvements de retour ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 dont :\n\nUn mouvement de retour des populations du site de Dinay dans la commune de Tondikiwindi vers leur village\nd\u2019origine Siwilli organis\u00e9 par la Haute Autorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Consolidation de la Paix (HACP) et la Pr\u00e9sidence de la\nR\u00e9publique o\u00f9 90 m\u00e9nages de 600 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 concern\u00e9s par l\u2019op\u00e9ration ;\n\nLe retour volontaire d\u2019environ 220 m\u00e9nages de 1000 personnes dans leurs villages respectifs (Tagabat, Kodi,\nInouchkou) dans la commune d\u2019Inates.\n\n**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n**a.** **Mouvement nouveaux arrivant**\n\nNeuf (09) m\u00e9nages de 46 individus ont quitt\u00e9 Ezza dans la commune rurale de Sanam d\u00e9partement d\u2019Abala pour s\u2019installer\n\u00e0 Bagaroua suite \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante dans la zone.\n\n\n**b.** **Mouvement transfrontalier de population**\n\nQuinze (15) m\u00e9nages de 98 individus ont quitt\u00e9 Tamlalet au Mali suite \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 grandissante dans cette partie du Mali\npour s\u2019installer \u00e0 Eknewan dans le d\u00e9partement et commune de Tillia.\n\n\n**c.** **Mouvement secondaire**\n\nSoixante-dix-neuf (79) m\u00e9nages de 513 individus ont quitt\u00e9 les localit\u00e9s d\u2019Egareck et Inkotayene pour s\u2019installer dans le\nchef-lieu de la commune Tillia suite \u00e0 une pr\u00e9sence massive des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE dans la zone.\n\n\n**V. PROTECTION DES ENFANTS**\n\n\n**1. Dans la R\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\nL\u2019environnement de protection des enfants au niveau des localit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res avec Mali demeure toujours pr\u00e9occupant et\nincertain \u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il faut dire que cette situation ne cesse d\u2019impacter la situation des enfants. Aussi, il faut noter\n\u00e9galement de l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des services sociaux de base et de prise en charge des enfants. Les conditions d\u2019extr\u00eame\npauvret\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages continuent de renforcer la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 mais aussi l\u2019exposition des femmes et des enfants aux risques\nde malnutrition et des maladies. Par contre, au niveau de la commune d\u2019Ayorou ou la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est acceptable, les familles\nre\u00e7oivent le soutien et les assistances de la part des partenaires de protection, m\u00eame si beaucoup reste \u00e0 faire notamment\ndans la prise en charge des cas de protection identifi\u00e9es. La situation de protection de l'enfant dans la zone des trois\nfronti\u00e8res ne cesse de se d\u00e9grader davantage du fait des activit\u00e9s des GANE et de manque de r\u00e9ponse appropri\u00e9es dans les\nprises en charges. Cette situation continue d\u2019exposer les enfants aux dangers et blessures. Aussi, il faut rappeler que les\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "services sociaux de bases dans la majorit\u00e9 de ses localit\u00e9s ne sont pas op\u00e9rationnels \u00e0 cause de l'activisme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de\nGANE. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 \u00e9galement par les sources communautaires le recrutement force des enfants au sein de groupes\narmes non \u00e9tatique dans les villages des communes de Makalondi, Torodi et Gothey.\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Ouallam, Abala, Banibangu, Fillingu\u00e9 et Ballayara, le monitoring de protection a identifi\u00e9 97 cas de protection qui\nn\u00e9cessitent des suivis dont 02 cas d\u2019enfants chef de m\u00e9nages, 86 cas d\u2019enfant ayant des besoins m\u00e9dicaux, 06 cas d\u2019enfant\nvivant avec handicap et 03 cas d\u2019enfant a risque d\u2019apatridie.\n\n\n**2. Dans la R\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nAu vu du contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection d\u00e9crite ci-dessus dans les zones affect\u00e9es par la crise s\u00e9curitaire dans la r\u00e9gion\nde Tahoua, la situation des enfants reste pr\u00e9occupante. En effet, plus d\u2019\u00eatre souvent des victimes collat\u00e9rales directes des\nincidents de protection, les enfants vivent un v\u00e9ritable calvaire du fait des s\u00e9parations familiales lors des mouvements de\npopulations ou apr\u00e8s l\u2019assassinat/enl\u00e8vement des parents, l\u2019insuffisance des services soins adoptes, et de prise en charge\nholistiques des cas de protection etc.\n\nToutefois, plusieurs acteurs de protection et services de l\u2019\u00e9tat continuent d\u2019apporter des assistances aux enfants dans les\nzones affect\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua. Malgr\u00e9 les besoins et gaps \u00e9normes identifi\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de protection des\nenfants.\n\nAu cours de cette p\u00e9riode de juillet 410 cas de protection identifi\u00e9s chez les enfants au cours des activit\u00e9s du monitoring de\ncommunautaire dont 182 cas d\u2019enfants \u00e0 risque d\u2019apatridie, 110 cas d\u2019enfants ayant des besoins m\u00e9dicaux, 117 cas d\u2019enfants\n\u00e0 risque (exploitations et orphelins) et 01 cas d\u2019enfants vivant avec handicap.\n\n\n**VI. VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG) : Pr\u00e9vention et R\u00e9ponse**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nLa probl\u00e9matique li\u00e9e aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri reste toujours inqui\u00e9tante non seulement\n\u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 mais aussi de l\u2019insuffisance des services de protection d\u00e9dies \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention et prise en charge des\nsurvivant (es). Cela continu continue non seulement d\u2019exposer les femmes mais \u00e9galement les enfants qui les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables aux VGB dans ce contexte.\n\nAussi, les agressions physiques contre les femmes et filles qui fr\u00e9quentent les marches hebdomadaires continuent d\u2019\u00eatre\nrapport\u00e9es par les points focaux de monitoring, dans les communes de Makalondi, Torodi, Ouallam, Banibangou et Gothey.\nDes cas sp\u00e9cifiques de viols non pas \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours du mois de juillet 2022.\n\nAu niveau de la zone de trois fronti\u00e8re, la probl\u00e9matique li\u00e9e au VBG notamment dans les communes de Goroual, Bankilare,\nT\u00e9ra, Goroual, Torodi jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Makalondi demeure toujours critique \u00e0 cause des conditions extr\u00eamement difficile que les\nfemmes et les jeunes filles vivent due aux conflits arm\u00e9s. En plus des services sociaux indisponible dans la majorit\u00e9 de ses\nlocalit\u00e9s les assistances humanitaires se font rare \u00e0 cause des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s a certaine zone. Cette situation continue non\nseulement de renforcer la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages mais aussi leur expose \u00e0 une multitude de risques tel que la famine, la\nmalnutrition et des maladies de tout genre. Ainsi, au niveau de ces zone Boni, Bolsi, Djayel pana, Our\u00e9 Gueladio suite \u00e0\nl\u2019activisme des GANE on continu d\u2019observer des agressions physiques sporadique et d\u00e9nis d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s. Il serait\nimportant non seulement de renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans ces zones afin de permettre aux femmes d\u2019\u00eatre autonome.\n\nDu cot\u00e9 de Ouallam, Abala, Banibangu, Fillingu\u00e9 et Ballayara ; 05 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s au cours du mois de juillet\n2022 dont :\n\n01 cas d\u2019agression physique \u00e0 Tchomobangou, r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 au comit\u00e9 de protection et au CSI.\n\n02 cas de mariage d\u2019enfant toujours \u00e0 Tchomobangou r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 au comit\u00e9 de protection\n\n01 cas de viol \u00e0 Tchomobangou r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 au CSI de ladite localit\u00e9 et au comit\u00e9 de protection\n\n01 cas de violence psychologique sur le site des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de Ouallam r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ONG IRC.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nCinquante-huit (58) cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au cours du monitoring de protection du mois de juillet 2022 dont 45 de sexe\nf\u00e9minin et 13 de sexe masculin. Il s\u2019agit de 17 cas de mariage d\u2019enfants, 23 cas d\u2019agression physique et 18 cas de d\u00e9ni de\nservices\n\n\n**VII. PERSONNES A BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS) ET REFERENCEMENT**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nLe monitoring de protection du mois de juillet 2022 a permis d\u2019identifier 88 cas de personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques dans les\nd\u00e9partements d\u2019Ouallam, Abala, Fillingu\u00e9, Ballayara et Banibangou dont 76 de sexe f\u00e9minin et 12 de sexe masculin.\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 fronti\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso et dans la zone de 3 fronti\u00e8res, 167 cas des PBS a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es ainsi que 274 m\u00e9nages\nqui se trouvent dans l\u2019extr\u00eame vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et qui n\u00e9cessitent soit diverse assistance en (vivres, non vivres, Kit abris et\nassistance m\u00e9dicale\u2026).\n\n\n**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nUn total de 150 cas de PBS a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 dans les d\u00e9partements de Tahoua, Bagaroua, Tillia et Tassara dont 122 de sexe\nf\u00e9minin et 28 de sexe masculin au cours du monitoring de protection de ce mois de juillet 2022 dont 107 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s vers les\nstructures de PEC et 43 qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s faute de structures de PEC.\n\n\n**VIII. ACTIVITES DE FORMATIONS ET DE SENSIBILISATIONS**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nAu cours du mois de juillet 2022, des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation \u00e0 domicile et sur les sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 anim\u00e9e par les points focaux\nsur les th\u00e9matiques de malnutrition, paludisme, mariage des enfants, CP, Hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement, \u00e9ducation et cohabitation\npacifique dans les communes de Dessa, Gotheye, Tera, Tamou, Dargol et ont touch\u00e9es 555 personnes.\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 fronti\u00e8re avec le Mali, trois s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tenues au cours de ce mois de juillet 2022 au cours\ndesquelles deux th\u00e8mes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s \u00e0 savoir la pr\u00e9vention du paludisme et la coexistence pacifique. Ainsi \u00e0 Ballayara (62\npersonnes), Ouallam (32 personnes) et Mangayz\u00e9 (29 personnes).\n\n\n**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nDeux th\u00e8mes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s au cours des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation de ce mois juillet 2022 \u00e0 savoir : la coexistence pacifique\net la pr\u00e9vention du paludisme ont touch\u00e9 un total de 248 personnes \u00e0 savoir 176 \u00e0 Bagaroua, 21 \u00e0 T\u00e9lemc\u00e8s et 51 \u00e0 Tarissadet.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IX. DEFIS ET RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1S.e Rcteeucro mman|dRaetcioomnsm andations|Communes|Acteurs
concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|S\u00e9curit\u00e9
|Renforcer les patrouilles des FDS
dans la bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali
|Banibangou, Abala,
Tillia, Tahoua, zone de
3 fronti\u00e8res Sanam et
Tondikiwindi

|
FDS, Etat
|En continue
|\n|S\u00e9curit\u00e9
|Clarifier la mission assign\u00e9e aux
comit\u00e9s de vigilance
|

|Acteurs \u00e9tatiques
|Le plus vite
possible
|\n|Abris
|Distribuer les Kits Abris aux PDI aux
r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, demandeurs d\u2019asile,
retourn\u00e9s vivant dans les sites
d\u2019accueil

|Ouallam, Abala et
Banibangou Tillia et
Tassara zone de 3
fronti\u00e8res,
|Acteurs
humanitaires
|Le plus vite
possible
|\n|Coh\u00e9sion
sociale et
Cohabitation
pacifique
|
Organiser et intensifier les
sensibilisations sur la coexistence
pacifique
|Banibangou, Tillia,
Takanamatt et Tassara
zone de 3
fronti\u00e8res,Kourfeye
centre et Tondikiwindi
|Acteurs
humanitaires,
HACP et Etatiques
|En continue
|\n|WASH
|Construire des latrines sur les
nouveaux sites d\u2019accueil des PDI et
Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau salubre sur les
sites d\u2019accueil de Tillia, surtout en
cette p\u00e9riode de pluie

|
Ouallam, Abala, Tillia et
Tassara Banibangou et
Ballayara
|Acteurs
humanitaires
|Le plut\u00f4t
possible
|\n|Vivres
|
Effectuer des distributions de vivres
aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, demandeurs d\u2019asile,
retourn\u00e9s et PDI sur les sites

|Tillia, Tassara zone de
3 fronti\u00e8res,
|Acteurs
humanitaires
|Le plut\u00f4t
possible
|\n|CRIs
|
Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des moustiquaires
impr\u00e9gn\u00e9s aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, demandeurs
d\u2019asile, retourn\u00e9s et PDI sur les sites
d\u2019accueil de Tillia

|Tillia et Tassara
|Acteurs
humanitaires et
Etatiques
|Le plus vite
possible
|\n|Documentation
|
Organisation des audiences foraines
en vue de d\u00e9livrer des extraits d\u2019acte
de naissance aux enfants \u00e0 risque
d\u2019apatridie

|Tassara
|Acteurs \u00e9tatiques
|D\u00e8s que
possible
|\n|Coordination
|
Renforcer la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse des
acteurs de prise en charge sur terrain
|Tillia, Bagaroua et
Tassara zone de 3
fronti\u00e8res,
|Acteurs
humanitaires et
\u00e9tatiques
|D\u00e8s que
possible
|\n|Education
|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le processus de retour des
enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole|
|
Etat / sous cluster
\u00e9ducation|D\u00e8s que
possible|\n\n\n**2.** **Perspectives pour le mois \u00e0 venir**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSensibilisation sur le retour effectif des enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ; Poursuite des activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection ;\n\nSensibilisation sur des th\u00e8mes de protection selon les besoins et sur la cohabitation pacifique en particulier ;\n\nIdentification des PBS en vue de faciliter leur prise en charge en mettant l\u2019accent sur les plus vuln\u00e9rables ;\n\nR\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des cas de protection identifi\u00e9s ;\n\nSuivi des r\u00e9f\u00e9rencements ;\n\nSuivi des mouvements de population et de retour.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/039781a1-6931-432c-a39e-6e90ac01c6bb/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_juillet2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_911/raw/doc_911_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_911/raw/doc_911_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 842fe5a75ffe2fe91ad2e82b4db764e2ef558334..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_911/raw/doc_911_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Cluster Protec\ufffdon** **Niger**\n\n#### **OCTOBRE 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. CONTEXTE SECURITAIRE DE PROTECTION**\n\n\n**1. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\n\nUne accalmie relative a caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 le contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection dans les d\u00e9partements de Ballayara, Ayorou,\nFilingu\u00e9 et Ouallam au cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022. Toutefois, malgr\u00e9 cette am\u00e9lioration relative de la situation s\u00e9curitaire\ndans la zone, les populations PDI et h\u00f4tes vivent une peur permanente en raison des tensions qui persistent entre les\ncommunaut\u00e9s mais aussi sur le fait qu\u2019il serait tr\u00e8s difficile pour les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE de cesser leurs activit\u00e9s car les\nrevenus tir\u00e9s des ventes de b\u00e9tail extorqu\u00e9s ou vol\u00e9s et des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s de taxe semblent \u00eatre une source de revenu\nintarissable.\n\n\nEn revanche, dans les d\u00e9partements de Banibangou, Tillab\u00e9ri, et Abala, l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9\nmarqu\u00e9 par un activisme accru des GANE avec son corollaire de violations de droits, notamment : le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0\ntravers les vols et les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s de taxe \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et le droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique \u00e0 travers les\nassassinats.\n\n\n**b. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\n\nLe contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une multiplication des incursions des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) dans le d\u00e9partement de Tahoua avec leur corollaire d\u2019extorsions de biens\n\u00e0 travers les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements obligatoires de taxe dont les victimes ne sont autres que la population civile.\nCependant, dans les d\u00e9partements de Tassara, Bagaroua et Tillia, l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9\npar une accalmie relative. En revanche, les communes de T\u00e9baram et de Takanamatt (d\u00e9partement de Tahoua) continuent\nd\u2019enregistrer les incursions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement synonymes d\u2019exactions sur la population civile.\n\n\n**2. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso**\n\n\nLe contexte s\u00e9curitaire et de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un activisme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE Ainsi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9\nl\u2019arrestation des suspects par les FDS dans la localit\u00e9 de Tch\u00e9ro (commune de Diagourou). Selon les source communautaires\n3 trois suspects seraient d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s durant leur transport. Dans les localit\u00e9s de Goth\u00e8ye, Torodi, Makalondi et Say la p\u00e9riode sous\nrevue a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des enl\u00e8vements de personnes, incendie d\u2019\u00e9cole en particulier dans la commune de Torodi, des\npr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s de taxe sur le b\u00e9tail et la cr\u00e9ation des postes de contr\u00f4le spontan\u00e9s par les GANE Aussi, Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9\ndurant le mois d\u2019octobre une s\u00e9rie d\u2019attaque des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE au poste de contr\u00f4le de police (2 policiers tu\u00e9s) et le site\naurif\u00e8re de Tamou.\n\n\n**II.** **CONTEXTE OPERATIONEL**\n\n**1. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel au cours du mois d\u2019octobre a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence des GANE dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s. Ainsi,\nil a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 l\u2019interception de trois v\u00e9hicules de transport par des individus arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 bord de plusieurs motos\ndont deux camions et un autre de marque RENAULT Saviem qui auraient quitt\u00e9 Banibangou \u00e0 destination d\u2019Ouallam entre le\nvillage de Dinara et Tiezegorou le samedi 22/10/2022 aux environs de midi. Le bilan provisoire de cette attaque aurait fait 18\npersonnes tu\u00e9es dont une femme et un gar\u00e7on, une personne port\u00e9e disparue et une autre bless\u00e9e, les deux camions calcin\u00e9s\net la RENAULT emport\u00e9e.\nAussi, depuis un certain temps des tensions persistent entre les communaut\u00e9s vivant dans cette zone particuli\u00e8rement entre\nune communaut\u00e9 nomade et les autres groupes ethniques. La recrudescence de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, aurait contraint plusieurs \u00e9leveurs\nsaisonniers \u00e0 quitter la bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali pour s\u2019installer dans les communes de Kourfeye centre, Imanane, Salazar\net Tondikabdia, toujours dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri. Ce qui aurait alert\u00e9 les agriculteurs du fait de l\u2019insuffisance des aires de\np\u00e2turages qui pourra pousser les nomades \u00e0 introduire leurs animaux dans les champs.\nIl faut par ailleurs signaler que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des milices d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense sont devenus une menace pour les communaut\u00e9s\nautant que ceux des GANE. C\u2019est ainsi que le mercredi 28 septembre 2022, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatique\nauraient fait une incursion dans un hameau rattach\u00e9 au chef-lieu de la commune et du d\u00e9partement de Banibangou, au cours\nde laquelle ils auraient agress\u00e9 physiquement plusieurs chefs de m\u00e9nages avant de leur extorquer leurs biens. Une situation\nqui n\u2019est pas de nature \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les communaut\u00e9s et qui risquera de mettre \u00e0 mal cette coexistence\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nIl faut signaler qu\u2019au cours de ce mois sous rapport, des faits nouveaux ont beaucoup plus traits au banditisme qu\u2019\u00e0 une\nop\u00e9ration des \u00e9l\u00e9ments GANE auraient apparu dans la zone.\nAinsi, le lundi 17 octobre 2022, des individus arm\u00e9s de coupe-coupe et de machettes, auraient fait une incursion \u00e0 Garin Ali,\nd\u00e9partement et commune rurale de Tillia dans l\u2019intention de s\u2019accaparer de 100 t\u00eates de petits ruminants appartenant \u00e0 la\ncommunaut\u00e9. Les villageois auraient impos\u00e9 une r\u00e9sistance d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9clatement d\u2019un affrontement sanglant dont le bilan\nprovisoire aurait fait 03 bless\u00e9s parmi les agresseurs. Il faut aussi noter que les tensions entre les agriculteurs et les \u00e9leveurs\npersistent et tendent \u00e0 devenir un conflit ethnique dans les communes de T\u00e9baram et Takanamatt \u00e0 cause des bagarres\nr\u00e9currentes entre ces deux groupes.\n\n\n**2. Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso**\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par un activisme grandissant des activit\u00e9s des GANE suivie d\u2019assassinat,\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement des personnes, pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement forc\u00e9 de la d\u00eeme sur le b\u00e9tail et d\u2019extorsion de b\u00e9tail. Ces violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nobserv\u00e9es surtout dans la zone de Bankilar\u00e9 et de Goroual, Torodi et Bankilar\u00e9 ou l\u2019activisme des GANE a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9. Aussi au\nniveau de la zone du d\u00e9partement de Say dans la commune de Our\u00e9-Gueladio il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un poste de\ncontr\u00f4le par des GANE. A partir de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du mois jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa fin du mois, le contexte s\u2019est d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 davantage\navec la r\u00e9duction du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la multiplication des incidents dont l\u2019assassinat et d\u2019enl\u00e8vement des personnes, les\npr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s de b\u00e9tail, attaque du poste de contr\u00f4le de police de Tamou suivie des menaces et de r\u00e9action des FDS\nsur le site. Aussi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 des attaques des march\u00e9s ruraux dans les localit\u00e9s frontali\u00e8res.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n**1. Situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**R\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie**\n\nEn ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, il est important de noter qu\u2019au regard de la\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV.** **MOUVEMENT DE POPULATION**\n\n\n**1.** **Bande frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali**\n\n\n**a. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\n\n**Nouveau PDI**\n\n\nAu total, 123 m\u00e9nages de 553 individus ayant effectu\u00e9 ces mouvements internes de populations durant la p\u00e9riode sous revue\ndont :\n66 m\u00e9nages de 190 personnes du village de Koukou (Commune de Bankilar\u00e9) sont arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Ayorou le 10 octobre 2022 ;\n7 m\u00e9nages de 38 personnes des localit\u00e9s de Namga, P\u00e9ppitchaga et Garbagna sont arriv\u00e9s au chef-lieu de la commune\nde Gotheye le 1\n25 m\u00e9nages de 155 personnes du village de Gangani seraient venus \u00e0 Tchomabangou commune de Tondikiwindi,\nd\u00e9partement d\u2019Ouallam le lundi 10 octobre 2022.\n25 m\u00e9nages de 170 individus auraient quitt\u00e9 Adabdab pour Banibangou \u00e0 la suite des \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus le\n22/10/2022 l\u2019axe Banibangou_Tizegorou, le 25 octobre 2022.\n\n\n**b. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\n\n**Nouveaux mouvements [PDI]**\nAu cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, des mouvements internes de populations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s par les points focaux. Il s\u2019agit\nde :\n04 m\u00e9nages de 27 personnes dont : 04 hommes, 04 femmes, 11 filles et 08 gar\u00e7ons ont quitt\u00e9 le hameau d\u2019Intazay situ\u00e9\ndans la commune de Takanamatt d\u00e9partement de Tahoua pour s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye commune et d\u00e9partement de Tillia ;\n04 m\u00e9nages de 29 personnes dont : 04 hommes, 04 femmes, 09 filles et 12 gar\u00e7ons ont quitt\u00e9 ont quitt\u00e9 les environs de\nTabatol pour venir s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye ;\n03 m\u00e9nages de 27 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 une aire de p\u00e2turages de Garin Ali pour venir s\u2019installer dans ledit village ;\n05 m\u00e9nages de 20 personnes dont 01 homme, 05 femmes, 05 filles et 09 gar\u00e7ons qui ont quitt\u00e9 les hameaux de Gaw\u00e8ye\net Tabatol pour venir s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye Ces populations ont quitt\u00e9 le hameau d\u2019Intazay situ\u00e9 dans la commune de\nTakanamatt d\u00e9partement de Tahoua \u00e0 cause des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements forc\u00e9s de la ZAKAT \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des\nGANE pour s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye commune et d\u00e9partement de Tillia ;\n04 m\u00e9nages de 29 personnes dont : 04 hommes, 04 femmes, 09 filles et 12 gar\u00e7ons ont quitt\u00e9 ont quitt\u00e9 les environs de\nTabatol pour venir s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye car elles ont beaucoup \u00e9t\u00e9 pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es par les Gane ces derniers temps ;\n03 m\u00e9nages de 27 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 une aire de p\u00e2turages de Garin Ali pour venir s\u2019installer dans ledit village ;\n05 m\u00e9nages de 20 personnes dont 01 homme, 05 femmes, 05 filles et 09 gar\u00e7ons qui ont quitt\u00e9 les hameaux de Gaw\u00e8ye\net Tabatol pour venir s\u2019installer \u00e0 Gaweye du fait de la fr\u00e9quence \u00e9lev\u00e9e de violation de droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 dont ils auraient\n\u00e9t\u00e9 victimes ;\n04 m\u00e9nages de 22 personnes dont 03 hommes, 04 femmes, 08 filles et 07 gar\u00e7ons qui ont quitt\u00e9 Irnoul pour s\u2019installer \u00e0\nGaweye suite aux multiples violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 dont ils auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes.\n\n\n**Mouvements transfrontaliers**\n\n\nAu cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, deux (02) mouvements transfrontaliers de populations nous ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s en\nprovenance d\u2019Illimawane (Mali). Il s\u2019agit de :\n21 m\u00e9nages de 131 personnes \u00e0 Egarek\n27 m\u00e9nages de 153 personnes \u00e0 Tillia\n\n\n**V. PROTECTION DES ENFANTS**\n\n\n**1. Dans la R\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\nDans les communes de Makalondi Goroual, T\u00e9ra, Dargol et Bankilar\u00e9 les enfants sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 divers risques notamment\nle recrutement forc\u00e9. 316 cas de personnes \u00e0 besoins en protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s chez les enfants durant le monitoring\nde protection du mois d\u2019octobre 2022 dont 169 filles et 147 gar\u00e7ons, comparativement au mois pass\u00e9 au cours duquel, 117\ncas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au niveau des enfants au cours du monitoring de protection du mois de septembre 2022 dont 70 filles\net 47 gar\u00e7ons, soit une augmentation du nombre de cas de protection identifi\u00e9s ce mois d\u2019octobre correspondant \u00e0 199 cas\ndont 99 filles et de 100 gar\u00e7ons en termes de nombre (soit 37,02%) en termes de pourcentage.\n\n\nRapport Mensuel dRapport Mensu **e** Monitl de M **o** nitoring de Protection | R\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri -Tahoua Octobre 2022ring de Protection | R\u00e9gions de Tillab\u00e9ri -Tahoua Juillet 2021 Page 7Page 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Dans la R\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\n\nAu total 188 cas de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au niveau des enfants au cours du monitoring de protection de ce mois\nd\u2019octobre 2022 dont 87 filles 101 gar\u00e7ons. Tous les 188 cas de besoin en protection identifi\u00e9s chez les enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s.\nSur les 188 cas r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, 55 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge dont 26 filles et 29 gar\u00e7ons et 133 sont en cours de prise en charge dont 61\nfilles et 72 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**VI. VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG) : Pr\u00e9vention et R\u00e9ponse**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\n\nLa probl\u00e9matique des VBG notamment dans les communes de Goroual, Bankilar\u00e9, T\u00e9ra, Goroual, Torodi jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Makalondi\ndemeure toujours critique \u00e0 cause des menaces et agression physiques que les femmes et les jeunes filles ne cessent de\nsubir. Ainsi, des agressions physiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des femmes dans le village de Houssantch\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 par les points\nfocaux. En plus des services sociaux indisponible dans la majorit\u00e9 de ces localit\u00e9s les assistances humanitaires se font rare\n\u00e0 cause des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s a certaine zone. Cette situation continue non seulement de renforcer la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages.\nDans le cadre des VBG, au total 12 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et rapport\u00e9s au cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, dont 02\ncas agression sexuelle, 07 cas d\u2019agression physique, 02 cas d\u2019exploitation sexuelle et 01 cas de mariage d\u2019enfant.\nAu total 07 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au cours des activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection du mois de septembre 2022 dans\nles d\u00e9partements de Banibangou, Abala, Fillingu\u00e9, Ballayara et Ouallam parmi lesquels 01 cas d\u2019agression sexuelle, 01 cas\nd\u2019agression physique, 03 cas de violence psychologique et 02 cas de viol.\nCe qui correspond en mati\u00e8re de tendance, \u00e0 une augmentation de 05 cas de VBG en termes de nombre au mois d\u2019octobre,\ncontrairement au mois pass\u00e9.\n\n\n**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\n\nAu cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 20 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s durant le monitoring de protection. Ainsi, sur les 20 cas\nidentifi\u00e9s, il y a :05 cas d\u2019agressions physiques, 08 cas de mariage d\u2019enfants, 02 d\u2019exploitation sexuelle ayant engendr\u00e9 une\ngrossesse non d\u00e9sir\u00e9e \u00e0 Azakaza r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s au CSI de Tillia/CCPE, 01 cas d\u2019exploitation sexuelle \u00e0 Tebaram r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 au comit\u00e9\ncommunal de protection, 01 cas de violence physique \u00e0 Azakaza r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019APBE mais n\u2019ayant pas effectu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement,\n01 cas de sexe de survie \u00e0 Imbokili r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019APBE, 01 cas d\u2019agression sexuelle \u00e0 Takanamatt r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 au CSI de cette dite\nlocalit\u00e9 et 01 cas de violence psychologique \u00e0 Takanamatt non r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 faute de structures de prise en charge (PEC).\n\n\n**VII. PERSONNES A BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS) ET REFERENCEMENT**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nQuatre-vingt-dix-neuf (90) cas de personnes dont 88 de sexe f\u00e9minin et 02 de sexe masculin ayant des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques\nde protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9partements de Banibangou, Abala, Ballayara, Fillingu\u00e9 et Ouallam, du ressort de la\nr\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri au cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022. Les 90 cas de PBS identifi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s vers les structures de\nprise en charge\nPar ailleurs, contrairement au mois de septembre 2022, le m\u00e9canisme de monitoring de protection mis place nous a permis\nd\u2019identifier 81 cas de PBS dans les d\u00e9partements de Banibangou, Ouallam, Abala, Fillingu\u00e9 et Ballayara au cours du\nmonitoring de protection dont 76 cas de sexe f\u00e9minin et 05 de sexe masculin. Cette situation nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 conclure qu\u2019il y\naurait une augmentation de 10 cas (soit 90%) le nombre de PBS identifi\u00e9s ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, contrairement au mois\npass\u00e9 du point de vue tendanciel.\n\n\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 fronti\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso et dans la zone de 3 fronti\u00e8res, 81 cas de PBS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dont 70 cas \u00e9tant tous\nde sexe f\u00e9minin ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s vers les structures de prise en charge (PEC) et 11 cas n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s faute de structures\nde prise en charge ad\u00e9quates dont 06 de sexe f\u00e9minin et 05 de sexe masculin\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nQuatre-vingt-dix (90) cas de PBS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9partements de Tahoua, Tillia, Bagaroua, Tassara dont 54 de sexe\nf\u00e9minin et 36 de sexe masculin au cours du monitoring de protection du mois d\u2019octobre 2022. Ainsi, 68 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s dont\n44 de sexe f\u00e9minin et 24 de sexe masculin et 22 n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s faute de structures de PEC dont 10 de sexe f\u00e9minin et 12\nde sexe masculin. Sur les 68 cas r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ; 41 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge dont 32 de sexe f\u00e9minin dont 09 de sexe masculin et 27\nsont en cours de PEC dont 12 de sexe f\u00e9minin dont 15 de sexe masculin.\n\n\n**VIII. ACTIVITES DE FORMATIONS ET DE SENSIBILISATIONS**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nPlusieurs th\u00e8mes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9partements d\u2019Abala, Ouallam, Filingu\u00e9 et Balleyara au cours des sensibilisations\nde ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022. Il s\u2019agit de la scolarisation des enfants, la coh\u00e9sion sociale, l\u2019importance de la documentation et la\nprotection des enfants pour un total de 528 personnes touch\u00e9es :\nDamana 30 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es dont, 16 femmes, 08 gar\u00e7ons et 06 filles ;\nOuallam 142 personnes dont 92 femmes et 50 hommes ;\nBallayara 172 personnes touch\u00e9es dont 47 femmes et 25 hommes, 60 filles et 40 gar\u00e7ons ;\nMangayz\u00e9 81 personnes touch\u00e9es dont 34 hommes et 35 femmes. 05 filles et 07 gar\u00e7ons ;\nAbala 103 personnes touch\u00e9es dont 58 femmes et 45 hommes ;\nSanam18 personnes touch\u00e9es dont 4 femmes, 08 hommes, 2 filles et 04 gar\u00e7ons.\n\nDans les d\u00e9partements de Torodi, Ayorou, Tillab\u00e9ri, Goth\u00e8ye, Say et T\u00e9ra les th\u00e8mes suivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9s durant des\ns\u00e9ances de sensibilisation : mariage pr\u00e9coce, la documentation civile, la cohabitation pacifique. Au total 547 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\ntouch\u00e9es par les s\u00e9ances de sensibilisations organis\u00e9es dont 245 hommes, 185 femmes, 83 gar\u00e7ons, 43 filles.\n\n\n**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nAu cours de ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022, des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 anim\u00e9es par les moniteurs de protection, les th\u00e8mes\nabord\u00e9s sont : l\u2019importance de la fr\u00e9quentation des centres de sant\u00e9, le r\u00f4le de la jeunesse dans la pr\u00e9vention des conflits\ncommunautaires, l\u2019importance des pi\u00e8ces d\u2019\u00e9tat civil, la scolarisation des enfants. Ainsi, ces s\u00e9ances ont touch\u00e9 :\nBagaroua: 169 personnes dont 44 hommes et 91 femmes, 17 gar\u00e7ons et 17 filles ;\nT\u00e9lemc\u00e8s : 386 personnes dont 84 hommes, 116 femmes, 87 gar\u00e7ons et 99 filles ;\nT\u00e9baram: 86 personnes touch\u00e9es dont 39 filles et 47 gar\u00e7ons ;\nTagalat: 70 personnes 57 hommes et 13 femmes ;\nTillia Nord : 70 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es dont 40 Hommes, 10 Femmes, 20 Filles ;\nTillia Est : 122 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es dont 60 hommes, 38 femmes 14 filles et 10 gar\u00e7ons ;\nTagaramgaram : 19 personnes dont 18 Hommes et 01 femme.\n\nAu total, 922 individus r\u00e9partis comme suit 303 hommes, 269 femmes et 161 filles et 189 gar\u00e7ons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s par les\nsensibilisations.\n\n\n**IX. COHABITATION PACIFIQUE**\n\n\n**1. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri**\n\nIl existe un climat de tension tr\u00e8s visible pr\u00e9vaut entre une communaut\u00e9 nomade et les autres communaut\u00e9s vivant dans les\nd\u00e9partements, particuli\u00e8rement ceux de Banibangou, Ouallam et Fillingu\u00e9 du fait que les membres de cette communaut\u00e9\nseraient majoritaires parmi les \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE et que les membres des autres communaut\u00e9s consid\u00e8rent tous les\nmembres de cette communaut\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant des complices ou d\u2019appartenance aux GANE. Des risques \u00e9normes de conflits\nintercommunautaires sont \u00e0 craindre les jours et mois \u00e0 venir.\n\nAussi des tensions persistent entre les agriculteurs et les \u00e9leveurs qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de quitter la bande frontali\u00e8re avec le\nMali du fait de la multiplication des exactions de la part des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE dont ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes. En effet, dans la\ncommune rurale de Kourfeye centre, d\u00e9partement de Fillingu\u00e9, plusieurs paysans se mobilisent dans l\u2019intention d\u2019affronter des\n\u00e9leveurs qui sont venus en nombre important dans leur zone en cas d\u2019introduction des animaux dans leurs champs. Ce qui\nlaisse pr\u00e9sager des conflits intercommunautaires \u00e0 court terme et moyen termes des dispositions ou mesures pr\u00e9ventives ne\nsont pas prises \u00e0 temps.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Tahoua**\n\nLa multiplication des introductions des animaux dans les champs des paysans en cette p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9coltes risquera de porter\nun coup dur \u00e0 la coexistence pacifique.\n\nEn effet au cours de ce mois des bagarres entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dans les communes de T\u00e9baram et\nTakanamatt d\u00e9partement de Tahoua et dans la commune et d\u00e9partement de Tillia.\n\nAussi les incursions r\u00e9p\u00e9titives des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE avec leur corollaire d\u2019extorsions de biens dont une communaut\u00e9\naccuse un autre risque de mettre \u00e0 mal cette coh\u00e9sion sociale. La r\u00e9cente incursion de certains membres de la communaut\u00e9\nsoup\u00e7onn\u00e9e \u00e0 Garin pour s\u2019emparer d\u2019une centaine de t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail et au cours de laquelle des affrontements avec d\u2019arm\u00e9s\nblanches auraient eu lieu aurait raviv\u00e9 davantage les anciennes tensions.\n\n\n**X. DEFIS ET RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n**1. D\u00e9fis**\nInaccessibilit\u00e9 des zones affect\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le nord Mali et la zone de 3 trois fronti\u00e8res ;\nIndisponibilit\u00e9 des moyens de subsistance suivie de fermeture des march\u00e9s.\n\n\n**2. Recommandations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Secteur|Recommandations|Communes|Acteurs concern\u00e9s|\u00c9ch\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|


S\u00e9curit\u00e9
|Plaider pour le renforcement de la
pr\u00e9sence
des
FDS
sur
la
bande
frontali\u00e8re avec le Mali
|Banibangou, Abala, Tillia
Kourfey-centre,
Tebaram,
Takanamatt,
Banibangou,
Abala,
Sanam et Tondikiwindi
|Cim-coord
|En continue
|\n|


S\u00e9curit\u00e9
|Clarifier la mission assign\u00e9e aux comit\u00e9s
de vigilance
|Banibangou
|Cim-coord
|Le plus vite possible
|\n|Abris
|Distribuer les Kits Abris aux PDI vivant
dans les sites d\u2019accueil
|Tillia, Tassara, Ouallam,
Bangui,
Takanamatt,,
Abala, Balleyara, et
Banibangou,
|HCR, OIM, APBE
|Le plus vite possible
|\n|Sant\u00e9
|Faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de soins de
sant\u00e9 \u00e0 travers les cliniques mobiles
dans les nouveaux sites d\u2019accueil des
PDI et refugi\u00e9s



|Tillia, Tassara, Konni,
Madaoua,
Kourfeye
centre,
Abala
et
Ballayara

|Acteurs
humanitaires
et
Etatiques
|En continue
|\n|Coh\u00e9sion
sociale et

Cohabitation
pacifique
|Coh\u00e9sion
sociale
et
Cohabitation
pacifique
|Intensifier
les
sensibilisations sur la
coexistence pacifique

|Banibangou,
Kourfeye centre et
Tondikiwindi
|En continu
|\n|
**Protection**
|Intensifier les sensibilisations sur les
th\u00e9matiques d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de
l\u2019enfance, les VBG
|Banibangou,
Abala,
Sanam,
Ouallam
et
Tondikiwindi

|HCR, MAH/GC
|Le plus vite possible
et en permanence
|\n|Wash
|Construire des latrines sur les nouveaux
sites d\u2019accueil des PDI|Ouallam,
Abala
Banibangou et Ballayara|HCR et Adkoul|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/44f156c6-6eda-4c1b-971b-ec400778b409/rapport_du_monitoring_de_protection_tahoua-tillaberi_octobre_2022_ciaud-antd.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_912/raw/doc_912_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_912/raw/doc_912_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6fe8bd560b6eae0252ec63254a745ce187020a52..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_912/raw/doc_912_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**RAPPORT MENSUEL DE MONITORING DE PROTECTION-MARADI, Avril 2022**\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APER\u00c7U DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\nL\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire de ce mois d\u2019avril maintient une certaine constance, lorsqu\u2019on le compare aux mois de mars et\nf\u00e9vrier 2022. Les incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) entre les semaines du mois, quoique sporadiques,\ndonne au contexte s\u00e9curitaire un caract\u00e8re d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re et volatile. En rapport avec les incursions des GANE, il faut noter que\nplusieurs abus aux droits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, \u00e0 la suite des 06 attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les GANE, allant de celui du droit \u00e0\nla libert\u00e9 de mouvement au droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, en plus de la psychose cr\u00e9\u00e9e dans plusieurs\nlocalit\u00e9s. Cette situation se r\u00e9percute malheureusement sur l\u2019environnement de protection des populations civiles. Pour ce\nmois, 12 m\u00e9nages nig\u00e9riens de 72 personnes ont d\u00fb effectuer des d\u00e9placements \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la r\u00e9gion de Maradi pour\nfait d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.\nEn lien avec les conditions de vie des personnes sous mandat dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, on note une\nam\u00e9lioration avec les assistances multisectorielles (distributions de vivres, de kits NFI, de cash transferts, etc.) op\u00e9r\u00e9es par\nles acteurs humanitaires au profit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. M\u00eame si des difficult\u00e9s subsistent encore du\nfait que certaines personnes sous mandat ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient toujours pas de ces distributions, par manque d\u2019enregistrement ; il\nn\u2019en demeure pas moins que ces assistances soulagent plusieurs personnes \u00e0 besoin de protection et peuvent renforcer la\ncoexistence pacifique entre communaut\u00e9s, lorsque les populations h\u00f4tes sont prises en compte dans tous les programmes\nd\u2019assistance et dans une grande proportion.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OP\u00c9RATIONNEL**\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois d\u2019Avril 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n\n- Des incursions sporadiques des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa ;\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations ;\n\n- Des assistances multisectorielles dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n**a.** **Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\nLe total des personnes sous mandat ayant effectu\u00e9 des mouvements intervillage se chiffre \u00e0 1089 m\u00e9nages de 2538\npersonnes, soit 312 hommes, 1137 femmes, 552 filles et 537 gar\u00e7ons au mois d\u2019avril contre 368 m\u00e9nages de 845\npersonnes (118 hommes, 359 femmes, 204 filles et 164 gar\u00e7ons) en mars 2022. Effectu\u00e9s pour la recherche de moyens de\nsubsistance et autres motifs sociaux (c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de bapt\u00eame visite familiale etc.) ; mais c\u2019est surtout la distribution de cash\nintervenue durant la p\u00e9riode sous revue qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal motif de ces mouvements. Le premier constat qui se d\u00e9gage\nici est que les mouvements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s majoritairement des villages d\u2019accueil vers ceux d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s juste pour la\ndistribution. Le second constat est la d\u00e9sertion des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, au lendemain des op\u00e9rations de\ncash pour retourner dans les villages d\u2019accueil. En effet, pour ce mois en examen, les mouvements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s entre\nles communes de Guidan Roumdji, Tibiri et Guidan Sori ; et si la commune de Guidan Roumdji a un contexte s\u00e9curitaire\nrelativement apais\u00e9, il n\u2019en demeure pas moins que les villages issus de la commune de Tibiri et Guidan Sori, restent\nexpos\u00e9s aux attaques des GANE, au regard de la fragilit\u00e9 de ces zones ; en t\u00e9moignent les incursions enregistr\u00e9es au\ncours de ce mois dans des localit\u00e9s de ces communes.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b. Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI)**\n12 m\u00e9nages de 72 personnes ont quitt\u00e9 le village de Tsola (commune de Safo), suite \u00e0 l\u2019incursion des GANE \u00e0 la date du\n25 Avril dernier. Il s\u2019agit de 12 hommes, 13 femmes, 27 filles et 20 gar\u00e7ons qui ont fui leur village de provenance et qui ont\ntrouv\u00e9 refuge \u00e0 Moul\u00e9 dans la commune de Sarkin Yamma.\n\n**c. IDP Retourn\u00e9s**\nPour ce mois, 07 m\u00e9nages de 54 personnes ont regagn\u00e9 leurs villages d\u2019origine, suite \u00e0 une relative accalmie. Ce sont 05\nhommes, 10 femmes, 18 filles et 21 gar\u00e7ons qui ont quitt\u00e9 les villages de Malamai (commune de Guidan Sori) et Moul\u00e9\nSaboua (commune de Safo) pour se rendre dans leurs localit\u00e9s d\u2019origines, \u00e0 savoir Garin Gado Chaw\u00e8ye dans la\ncommune de Tibiri pour les PDI provenant du village de Malamai, et Namaj\u00e9 dans la commune de Safo, pour les PDI\nprovenant du village de Moul\u00e9 Saboua.\n\n\n**IV.** **Incidents de protection**\n\n\nContrairement au mois de mars 2022 qui a enregistr\u00e9 18 incidents de protection, pour ce mois d\u2019avril, les \u00e9quipes\nmonitoring de protection ont rapport\u00e9 et document\u00e9 26 incidents de protection dans les zones couvertes. Cette\naugmentation des incidents est en lien avec la l\u00e9g\u00e8re hausse des attaques des GANE au niveau des villages frontaliers et\ndes incidents communautaires. Ces incidents ont occasionn\u00e9 33 victimes pour ce mois. Pour ce qui est des violations de\ndroits, quatre types ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de :\n\n\n- La violation de droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 : 14 incidents pour 22 victimes ;\n\n\n- Les violences sexuelles/VBG : 04 incidents pour 04 victimes ;\n\n- La violation de droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie : 06 incidents pour 06 victimes ;\n\n\n- La violation de droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement : 02 incidents pour 02 victimes\n\n\nPour ce mois d\u2019avril 2022, les vols et pillages constituent plus de la moiti\u00e9 des incidents collect\u00e9s (53,84 %). Sur les 14\nincidents de vol/extorsions de biens, 11 sont attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE. Il s\u2019agit des attaques des GANE dans les\nvillages de Mairounfa, Garin Tanga et Garin Nari (commune de Tibiri) ; Tsola et Dan Makadi (commune de Safo) ; In Sara\n(commune de Guidan Sori) et Dan Ali (commune de Gabi) o\u00f9 des animaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s ; entrainant ainsi un sentiment\nde peur dans les rangs des populations. Ces incursions t\u00e9moignent de la fragilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire au niveau des villages situ\u00e9s le\nlong de la fronti\u00e8re. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de renforcer le dispositif s\u00e9curitaire dans ces zones afin de permettre aux populations\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "de reprendre un rythme de vie normal et de s\u2019activer \u00e0 la pr\u00e9paration de leurs champs, en pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 la saison hivernale qui\nse pointe \u00e0 l\u2019horizon.\nLes agressions physiques viennent en seconde position. Ils constituent 29,92 % des incidents du mois. Sur les sept (07)\ncas d\u2019agressions physiques enregistr\u00e9s, trois sont des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre tandis que les quatre autres incidents\nsont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE lors des incursions et \u00e0 la population h\u00f4te, avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9 des vols communautaires. Ces incidents\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s dans les communes de Guidan Roumdji, Chadakori, Garin Kaka et Sarkin Yamma.\nAvec 02 personnes victimes, les enl\u00e8vements occupent 7,69 % des incidents du mois. Il s\u2019agit de deux personnes enlev\u00e9es\npar des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de GANE \u00e0 Garin Tanga et Dan Makadi. Pour ce lui de Dan Makadi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9 le m\u00eame jour.\nL\u2019entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec la victime a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 tabass\u00e9e par les GANE et pourrait avoir besoin d\u2019un\naccompagnement psychologique. Quant \u00e0 la victime de Garin Tanga, elle est toujours en captivit\u00e9. En outre, deux cas\nd\u2019assassinats/meurtres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s et document\u00e9s par les moniteurs. \u00c0 Dan Issa une personne pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 voleur a \u00e9t\u00e9\nretrouv\u00e9e morte \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du village ; alors qu\u2019au niveau du village de Dan Ali, commune de Gabi, c\u2019est un groupe\nd\u2019individus arm\u00e9s qui a conduit une attaque au cours de laquelle ils ont tir\u00e9 \u00e0 balle r\u00e9elle sur une personne, avant\nd\u2019emporter du b\u00e9tail. Enfin un cas de viol survenu \u00e0 Chadakori a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9 par le monitoring. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, il s\u2019agit\nd\u2019une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par un homme, membre de la population h\u00f4te.\nPour ce qui est des violations de droits humains, ce sont les violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui sont les plus marqu\u00e9es,\ns\u2019en suivent les violations du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie, ensuite les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et enfin les\nviolations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement.\n\n\nLa premi\u00e8re figure montre une tendance d\u00e9croissance des enl\u00e8vements de personnes de janvier \u00e0 avril 2022, dans les\nzones couvertes par le monitoring. On constate que les enl\u00e8vements sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la baisse pour ce mois. Seuls\ndeux (02) cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s. Cette baisse progressive depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pourrait \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9e soit par un\nd\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat des GANE pour les enl\u00e8vements du fait de l\u2019obstacle que constitue la pr\u00e9sence militaire dans les zones\nfrontali\u00e8res, soit par le fait qu\u2019ils ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 garder les personnes enlev\u00e9es, en attendant le versement des ran\u00e7ons\nqui prend du temps dans certains cas.\nEn ce qui concerne les incidents enregistr\u00e9s durant ces 04 premiers mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, l\u2019on a d\u2019abord observ\u00e9 une chute\nprogressive au courant du premier trimestre ; ensuite une remont\u00e9e de la courbe en ce mois d\u2019avril. En effet, le mois d\u2019avril\na enregistr\u00e9 26 incidents de protection dont 11 incidents sont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE. Selon certaines sources\ncommunautaires, cette r\u00e9surgence des actions des GANE pourrait s\u2019expliquer par le besoin de faire face aux d\u00e9penses\nli\u00e9es aux pr\u00e9paratifs de la f\u00eate de Ramadan au profit de leur famille et la r\u00e9duction des patrouilles des FDS dans les\nvillages frontaliers qui rendent le terrain favorable aux attaques.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00c0 l\u2019image du mois de mars, pour ce mois d\u2019avril, les hommes sont les plus nombreux, en termes de victimes d\u2019incidents\n(figures ci-dessous). Ils constituent 70,58 % des victimes du mois. 17 des 24 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de vols de b\u00e9tail, en\nmajorit\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s aux GANE. 05 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019agressions physiques et d\u2019assassinats/meurtres par des\nGANE. On constate que les hommes sont les plus impact\u00e9s par les incidents de protection. Cette situation affecte\nl\u2019\u00e9conomie des m\u00e9nages et rend plus vuln\u00e9rables les femmes, les enfants et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0\nla charge des hommes. Si cette tendance se maintient, on risque d\u2019assister \u00e0 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle\ns\u00e9v\u00e8re dans les mois \u00e0 venir, surtout que la campagne agricole pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9ficitaire dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s. Il\nest important de mettre en place des projets de r\u00e9silience pour permettre aux populations de faire face au choc qui peut\navoir des cons\u00e9quences notamment pour les enfants.\n\n\nQuant aux femmes, elles constituent 23,52 % des victimes pour ce mois. Quatre (04) des huit (08) femmes victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nagress\u00e9es physiquement par leurs conjoints, suite au refus cat\u00e9gorique de remettre \u00e0 ces derniers l\u2019argent re\u00e7u lors des\nop\u00e9rations de cash transfert du partenaire PAM, au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Dan Dadji Makao, Chadakori et\nGarin Kaka. La cinqui\u00e8me femme victime de violation de droit est une r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e install\u00e9e \u00e0 Chadakori, survivante d\u2019un viol\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par un homme issu de la population h\u00f4te ; tandis que les trois femmes restantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de vols de b\u00e9tail\n\u00e0 In Sara, Karo Saboua et Kouka Mai Kogo.\nAucune fille victime n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e pour ce mois ; mais le monitoring a enregistr\u00e9 deux (02) gar\u00e7ons victimes. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictimes d\u2019extorsion de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables lors d\u2019une incursion des GANE \u00e0 In Sara, commune de Guidan Sori.\n\n\nPour ce qui est du statut des victimes, la majorit\u00e9 des incidents ont touch\u00e9 les populations h\u00f4tes. Elles occupent 76,26 %\ndes victimes. Par rapport aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ils repr\u00e9sentent 18,5 % des victimes. Il s\u2019agit de 05 femmes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es install\u00e9es\ndans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Chadakori, Garin Kaka et Dan Daji Makao dont 04 victimes d\u2019agressions physiques et\nune femme survivante de viol. On note un homme refugi\u00e9 install\u00e9 dans le village d\u2019accueil de Garin Tanga, victime\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement par des GANE, et enfin 6,06 % de PDI qui sont victimes de vols de b\u00e9tail \u00e0 Rasta et Sarkin Yamma Sofoua,\nlors des attaques des GANE.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**R\u00e9partition des incidents par**_\n\n_**auteurs**_\n_**pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s avril 2022 Maradi**_\n\n\n\nGANEs\n\n\nInconnu\n\n\nRefugie\n\n\nMembre de la\n\ncommunaute\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00c0 la lecture de la figure ci-dessus, l\u2019on constate que les incidents enregistr\u00e9s au cours de ce mois sont beaucoup plus\nattribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE. Onze (11) incidents de protection, soit 42,30 % sont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE. Ils ont\noccasionn\u00e9 des violations du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 au mouvement et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard\nde la population h\u00f4te et des personnes sous mandat. \u00c0 titre illustratif, ils ont conduit des attaques \u00e0 Mairounfa, Garin Tanga\net Garin Nari (commune de Tibiri) ; Tsola, Dan Makadi et Rasta (commune de Safo) o\u00f9 ils ont emport\u00e9 du b\u00e9tail, commis\ndes agressions physiques, des enl\u00e8vements et m\u00eame des assassinats. Les auteurs inconnus sont \u00e0 la base de huit\nincidents de protection. Ils sont surtout responsables de vols communautaires. Pour ce mois, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs\nde 04 incidents d\u2019agressions physiques. Il s\u2019agit des 04 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s install\u00e9s dans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Chadakori,\nDan Dadji Makao et Garin kaka. Ces agressions physiques se sont port\u00e9es sur leurs conjointes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es. En ce qui\nconcerne les membres des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 03 incidents de protection de type \u00ab agression\nphysique \u00bb, \u00ab assassinat \u00bb et \u00ab viol \u00bb.\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des incidents par commune**_\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n_**avril 2022 Maradi**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPour ce mois d\u2019avril, la commune de Tibiri est la plus touch\u00e9e par les incidents de protection. Elle occupe 19,23 % des\nincidents du mois et les GANE en sont les seuls responsables. Il s\u2019agit des attaques des villages frontaliers de Mairounfa,\nGarin Tanga et Garin Nari. Ceci montre que malgr\u00e9 la relative accalmie observ\u00e9e sur le d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji, le\ncontexte s\u00e9curitaire reste fragile. Les communes de Sarkin Yamma et Guidan Roumdji viennent en deuxi\u00e8me position en\ntermes d\u2019incidents enregistr\u00e9s pour ce mois et concentrent 16 % des incidents chacune. Pour ce qui est de la commune de\nSarkin Yamma, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une incursion des GANE \u00e0 Dan Makadi qui a occasionn\u00e9 03 incidents de protection (enl\u00e8vement,\nvol de b\u00e9tail et agression physique) et un incident de vol communautaire \u00e0 Sarkin Yamma Sofoua, commis par des\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "individus inconnus. Quant \u00e0 la commune de Guidan Roumdji, il s\u2019agit de 02 cas d\u2019agressions physiques de type VBG \u00e0 Dan\nDadji Makao, d\u2019une agression physique, suite \u00e0 une bagarre \u00e0 Katar\u00e9 Moussa et un vol de b\u00e9tail \u00e0 Karo Saboua.\nEn ce qui concerne les communes de Madarounfa, Guidan Sori et Chadakori, elles ont enregistr\u00e9 03 incidents chacune,\nsoit 11,53 % du total des incidents. Pour la premi\u00e8re, elle totalise 03 cas de vols de b\u00e9tail par des individus inconnus ;\ntandis que celle de Guidan Sori fut le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019extorsion de b\u00e9tail par les GANE et de vols communautaires par des\ninconnus. Dans la commune de Chadakori, les incidents portent sur deux cas d\u2019agressions physiques de type VBG dans\nles villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Chadakori et Garin Kaka et un cas de viol \u00e0 Chadakori.\nLa commune de Safo occupe 8 % des incidents du mois. \u00c0 Safo, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une attaque des GANE dans le village de Tsola\net un vol communautaire \u00e0 Rasta. Les communes de Dan Issa et Gabi viennent en derni\u00e8re position du classement, avec\nchacune un incident enregistr\u00e9.\n\n\n**V.Protection de l\u2019enfant**\n\n\nAu cours du mois d\u2019avril, deux enfants victimes d\u2019incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 02 gar\u00e7ons victimes\nd\u2019extorsion de biens lors d\u2019une attaque nocturne des GANE \u00e0 In Sara, commune de Guidan Sori. Ces deux gar\u00e7ons sont\nissus de la population h\u00f4te. Pour ce mois, aucune fille victime de violations de droits n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e.\n\n\nLes \u00e9quipes terrain ont effectu\u00e9 un suivi des 06 filles victimes de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre du mois de mars pass\u00e9.\nPour la survivante de Guidan Match\u00e9 Daya, commune de Dan Issa, en plus de la prise en charge sanitaire qui a \u00e9t\u00e9\nassur\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l\u2019incident, le partenaire COOPI a poursuivi la prise en charge psychologique de la survivante, tout au long de\nce mois. Quant \u00e0 la survivante de Doutchin Begoua, ses parents n\u2019ont pas donn\u00e9 leur consentement pour un\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers un partenaire de r\u00e9ponse. Toutefois, des s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par les moniteurs\nsur la pr\u00e9vention des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, les quatre (04) survivantes de viol identifi\u00e9es en mars ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivies par les moniteurs de protection. Pour la\nfille r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e vers le centre m\u00e8re et enfant de Maradi par la police nationale, son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 s\u2019am\u00e9liore, selon l\u2019entretien\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec ses parents. Quant aux trois autres qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es par d\u00e9faut de consentement de leurs parents,\nleur r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement vers un centre de sant\u00e9 a finalement eu lieu, suite \u00e0 l\u2019intervention de l\u2019UNICEF. Au demeurant, les\n\u00e9quipes de monitoring ont men\u00e9 plusieurs s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation sur la protection de l\u2019enfant, \u00e0 travers des focus\ngroups et lors des VAD.\n\n\n**VI.** **Pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse aux violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\nPour ce mois, 04 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e survivante de viol dont l\u2019auteur serait un\nmembre de la population h\u00f4te et trois femmes du m\u00eame statut, survivantes d\u2019agressions physiques de la part de leurs\nconjoints, dans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Dan Dadji Makao et Chadakori. En ce qui concerne le cas de viol, il s\u2019agit\nd\u2019une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, mari\u00e9e, install\u00e9e au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori, qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par\nun homme issu de la population h\u00f4te. La survivante a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e vers le centre de sant\u00e9 pour les premiers soins, avant\nd\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e par la suite vers le partenaire DRC afin de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier du paquet d\u2019assistance appropri\u00e9.\n\n\nPour le cas de la femme victime d\u2019agression physique \u00e0 Chadakori, il s\u2019agit dans les faits, d\u2019un homme refugi\u00e9 qui a\ngravement tabass\u00e9 sa femme suite au refus de cette derni\u00e8re de lui remettre la totalit\u00e9 de la somme re\u00e7ue lors de\nl\u2019op\u00e9ration de cash transfert effectu\u00e9 par le PAM, \u00e0 travers le partenaire APBE. C\u2019est ainsi que la CNE a saisi la\ngendarmerie pour son interpellation. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le suivi effectu\u00e9 par le moniteur, l\u2019auteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint de prendre en charge\nles frais m\u00e9dicaux de la survivante. Le cas a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement signal\u00e9 au partenaire DRC afin de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des services de\nr\u00e9ponse multisectorielle offerts aux survivantes de VBG. Pour ce qui est des deux femmes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es, survivantes aussi\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019agressions physiques \u00e0 Dan Daji Makao, les faits retracent des d\u00e9nis de ressources de leurs conjoints qui ont par la suite\nd\u00e9bouch\u00e9 sur des violences physiques. Il est d\u00e8s lors n\u00e9cessaire de poursuivre les sensibilisations sur les VBG pour un\n\u00e9veil de conscience des hommes, des femmes, des filles et des gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**VII. Mobilisation communautaire et coexistence pacifique**\nLa symbiose continue de caract\u00e9riser la coexistence entre les communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es et PDI). Pour ce\nmois, aucun \u00e9v\u00e8nement de nature \u00e0 troubler la qui\u00e9tude sociale n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 remont\u00e9. Au contraire, l\u2019on a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 un\nall\u00e9gement du fardeau des populations h\u00f4tes op\u00e9r\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire au courant du mois d\u2019avril, avec une\nmultitude d\u2019assistances. Ces assistances ont eu des effets pour le moins positifs sur la cohabitation entre communaut\u00e9s,\nsurtout quand on sait que les populations h\u00f4tes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte dans bien des cas. Autant dire que ces appuis\ndes acteurs humanitaires intervenant en cette p\u00e9riode de soudure renforcent la protection des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, en ce sens\nqu\u2019ils r\u00e9duisent leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 ; tout comme ils participent \u00e0 la consolidation de la coexistence pacifique entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nPDI et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes. Il importe d\u2019intensifier les sensibilisations \u00e0 tous les niveaux afin de maintenir ce climat de bon\nvivre, gage de la r\u00e9ussite de toute intervention en faveur de ces communaut\u00e9s.\n\n**VIII. SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**a. Sensibilisation et visite \u00e0 domicile (VAD)**\n\n|Th\u00e8mes|Homme Femme Fille Gar\u00e7on Total|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Coexistence pacifique**|156|150|157|140|
603|\n|**Hygi\u00e8ne**|173|198|196|182|749|\n|**M\u00e9canisme d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce : Alerte des**
**mouvements et incidents de protection.**|15|3|1|0|19|\n|**Protection de l\u2019enfant**|59|92|191|171|513|\n|**Risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements pendulaires**|91|116|124|99|430|\n|**VBG**|79|104|159|125|467|\n|**Total**|573
663
828
717
2781|573
663
828
717
2781|573
663
828
717
2781|573
663
828
717
2781|573
663
828
717
2781|\n\n\n\nAu total, 2871 personnes, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI, retourn\u00e9 et membres des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par les moniteurs\nde protection sur les diverses th\u00e9matiques de protection, tel qu\u2019indiqu\u00e9 dans le tableau ci-dessus.\nS\u2019agissant des visites \u00e0 domicile (VAD), ce sont 1108 m\u00e9nages qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9s par les moniteurs tout au long du mois. Il\ns\u2019agit de fa\u00e7on d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9e de 614 hommes, 1144 femmes, 1331 filles et 1160 gar\u00e7ons pour un total de 4249 personnes au\nniveau de ces 1108 m\u00e9nages.\n\n**IX. APPUI AUX PERSONNES \u00c0 BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n|Partenaire|H|F|Fi|G|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**ALIMA/BEFEN**|17|235|120|111|483|\n|**DRC**|1|3|1|1|6|\n|**Save The Children**|0|0|6|5|11|\n|**APBE**|0|5|7|8|20|\n|**\u00c9tat civil**|0|0|6|5|11|\n|**Total**|18|243|140|130|531|\n\n\n\nLes personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es au cours de ce mois d\u2019avril sont constitu\u00e9es de 18 hommes, 243 femmes,\n140 filles et 130 gar\u00e7ons pour un total de 531 personnes, toutes populations confondues.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**X. BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont les abris dans les villages d\u2019accueil notamment ceux du\nd\u00e9partement de Madarounfa, l\u2019alimentation, les kits NFI, y compris les kits de stockage d\u2019eau, les moustiquaires\nimpr\u00e9gn\u00e9es, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de sant\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019eau, la dotation en ustensiles de cuisine, les v\u00eatements, les chaussures ainsi\nque leur autonomisation, \u00e0 travers les AGR. La relocalisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s demeure\nessentielle.\n\n\n**XI. RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs
concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|P\u00e9rennisation des patrouilles des FDS avec un
accent particulier sur les villages frontaliers ;|Toutes les communes des
d\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa|-
FDS|En continue|\n|Reprendre le processus de relocalisation vers les
villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s|Tibiri,
Guidan
Roumdji,
Guidan Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa|-
CNE-HCR-
Partenaire
s|Le plus vite|\n|\u00c9tendre les zones de couverture des cliniques
mobiles et doter les centres de sant\u00e9 des villages
d\u2019accueil en m\u00e9dicaments.|D\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa|-
HCR-
APBE,
ALIMA|Le plus vite|\n|Dotation en nattes, couverture, literie, sceaux,
chaussures, pull-overs pour les enfants.|Villages d\u2019accueil|-
APBE|Le plus vite|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge PBS|Tibiri,
Guidan
Roumdji,
Guidan Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa|-
DRC|Le plus vite|\n|Augmenter la proportion de la population h\u00f4te dans
les diff\u00e9rents programmes de distribution.|Tibiri,
Guidan
Roumdji,
Guidan Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa|PAM, APBE, Mercy
Corps|En continue|\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c3a16187-78c9-31c5-a0af-fdd1237feca8/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_avril-2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_913/raw/doc_913_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_913/raw/doc_913_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 16b26fcdad17a277f63073a50282eee6c620ecda..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_913/raw/doc_913_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**RAPPORT MENSUEL DE MONITORING DE PROTECTION-MARADI, SEPTEMBRE 2022**\n\n\n_Sensibilisation communautaire_ \u00e0 _Madarounfa_\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APER\u00c7U DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nL\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et de protection s\u2019est davantage d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 durant ce mois de septembre 2022. Il a en effet \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nmarqu\u00e9 par une pr\u00e9sence accrue des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques dans les localit\u00e9s sous monitoring. Alors qu\u2019on\n\n\ns\u2019achemine vers la fin de la campagne hivernale, propice aux incursions, les GANE ont maintenu la pression sur les\n\n\nd\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa. Ainsi, 34 incursions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es dans ces deux d\u00e9partements,\n\n\nsur la p\u00e9riode couvrant ce rapport. Les communes de Gabi, Tibiri et Guidan Sori ont pay\u00e9 le plus lourd tribut.\n\n\nA la fin de ce troisi\u00e8me trimestre, le nombre d\u2019incursions (88) a quasiment doubl\u00e9 le total des deux premiers trimestres (46)\n\n\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. L\u2019ampleur des violations des droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es est r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice de la mont\u00e9e en puissance des\n\n\nGANE en territoire nig\u00e9rien. A titre illustratif, 52 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement desquelles 21 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es\n\n\ncontre une ran\u00e7on totale de 18.530.000 FCFA. Le nombre de personnes enlev\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de ce troisi\u00e8me trimestre\n\n\ns\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 106 contre 52 pour les deux premiers trimestres cumul\u00e9s. Cette persistance des incursions arm\u00e9es ravive la\n\n\npsychose dans les villages et affecte le bien\u00eatre des populations civiles.\n\n\nEn lien avec la psychose et l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude qui gagnent les populations, plusieurs m\u00e9nages continuent d\u2019effectuer des\n\n\nmouvements pendulaires nocturnes vers des zones plus sures afin de se mettre \u00e0 l\u2019abri d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles exactions des groupes\n\n\narm\u00e9s. Cette situation impacte n\u00e9gativement l\u2019\u00e9conomie des m\u00e9nages et affaibli la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience des populations\n\n\nface aux crises. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de relocaliser les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vers les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s devient de plus en plus imp\u00e9rieuse\n\n\npour \u00e9viter un second choc et assurer \u00e0 ces derniers la protection requise, conform\u00e9ment aux normes internationales.\n\n\nDans un autre chapitre, notons que les assistances multisectorielles dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s ont apport\u00e9\n\n\nun coup de soulagement aux personnes en d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9es et aux populations h\u00f4tes. Toutefois, il sied de mentionner\n\n\nque la non prise en compte de plusieurs m\u00e9nages r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur la liste des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de la distribution du cash transfert\n\n\nmensuel du PAM et le retard enregistr\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9livrance de l\u2019assistance ont entrain\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de certains\n\n\ncomportements \u00e0 risque (mendicit\u00e9, utilisation excessive des enfants dans la recherche des moyens de subsistance, etc.)\n\n\nou tendant \u00e0 compromettre la coexistence pacifique entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et populations h\u00f4tes (contraction par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des\n\n\ndettes non rembours\u00e9es, cueillette des produits de culture dans les champs, sans y \u00eatre autoris\u00e9s, etc.).\n\n\nPar ailleurs, la campagne hivernale, au-del\u00e0 de son caract\u00e8re prometteur sur le plan agricole, continue d\u2019occasionner des\n\n\nd\u00e9g\u00e2ts tant humains que mat\u00e9riels dans les villages d\u2019accueil. L\u2019on a not\u00e9 au cours de ce mois 16 personnes victimes\n\n\nd\u2019effondrement de maisons (01 cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et 15 cas de blessures) et 03 autres victimes de noyade dans des mares\n\n\nsaisonni\u00e8res, dans les communes de Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan Sori et Gabi. Une assistance humanitaire est\n\n\nn\u00e9cessaire pour aider les populations \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 cette nouvelle donne qui vient se superposer aux crises s\u00e9curitaires et\n\n\nalimentaires.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois de septembre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n\n- La poursuite des incursions des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa, causant diverses\n\n\nviolations de droits humains ;\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations ;\n\n- L\u2019assistance humanitaire dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\n**a. Nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria**\n\n\nPour ce mois en examen, les nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria se chiffrent \u00e0 43 m\u00e9nages de 169 individus, \u00e0 savoir 03\n\n\nhommes, 45 femmes et 121 enfants (60 filles et 61 gar\u00e7ons). Ils proviennent de localit\u00e9s issues des communes de Sabon\n\n\nBirni dans l\u2019Etat de Sokoto et celles de Batsari et Jibia dans l\u2019Etat de Katsina. La recrudescence des incursions des GANE\n\n\ncoupl\u00e9e aux violations des droits commis (libert\u00e9 de mouvement, droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, droit de la\n\n\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9\u2026) seraient \u00e0 l\u2019origine de ces mouvements. Notons au passage que certains mouvements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s \u00e0 titre\n\n\npr\u00e9ventif (cas des m\u00e9nages identifi\u00e9s dans la ville de Madarounfa et \u00e0 Dan Issa, \u00e0 la suite des attaques d\u2019un poste de\n\n\ncontr\u00f4le et d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule de FDS). Aussi, l\u2019essentiel des m\u00e9nages (35 m\u00e9nages de 120 personnes) en provenance du\n\n\nvillage de Dan-Ba, dans la commune de Sabon Birni et victimes d\u2019incursion des GANE \u00e0 la date du 07 septembre 2022,\n\n\nont trouv\u00e9 refuge dans le village de Batchaka, commune de Guidan Roumdji.\n\n\n**b. Mouvements pendulaires des refugi\u00e9s**\n\n\nEn ce qui concerne les mouvements pendulaires de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, l\u2019on note 1105 m\u00e9nages de 3378 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comptabilis\u00e9s pour\n\n\nce mois.\n\n\nPour ce qui est des mouvements pendulaires \u00ab aller au Nigeria \u00bb, ce sont au total 363 m\u00e9nages de 1232 personnes, soit\n\n\n157 hommes, 403 femmes, 316 filles et 356 gar\u00e7ons qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 concern\u00e9s. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9s d\u2019une part par des motifs\n\n\nsociaux, la recherche de moyens de subsistance ou encore les travaux champ\u00eatres. Cependant nombreux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les\n\n\nm\u00e9nages qui, du fait de leur non prise en compte dans les op\u00e9rations de distribution de cash effectu\u00e9s dans les villages\n\n\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, ont d\u00fb regagner leurs localit\u00e9s de provenance.\n\n\nQuant aux mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s pour cette p\u00e9riode en examen par 742\n\n\nm\u00e9nages de 2146 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces 303 hommes, 965 femmes, 469 filles et 409 gar\u00e7ons ont regagn\u00e9 le Niger, majoritairement\n\n\nles villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s en pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019assistance en cash effectu\u00e9 au cours de ce mois et par suite de la\n\n\nrecrudescence des activit\u00e9s des GANE au sein de leurs localit\u00e9s de provenance (cas du village de Katsira, commune de\n\n\nSabon Birni, ou encore de Kwari dans la commune de Jibia). Pour l\u2019essentiel, les m\u00e9nages ont regagn\u00e9 les villages d\u2019accueil\n\n\net d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s du d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji. Une faible portion est revenue \u00e0 Dan Issa, dans le d\u00e9partement de\n\n\nMadarounfa.\n\n\n**c. Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\n\n\nUn total de 974 m\u00e9nages de 2354 personnes, soit 412 hommes, 815 femmes, 602 filles et 525 gar\u00e7ons ont eu \u00e0 effectuer\n\n\ndes mouvements inter-village au cours de ce mois de septembre 2022. Ces mouvements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9s d\u2019une part par la\n\n\nrecherche de moyens de subsistance via les travaux champ\u00eatres et par des motifs sociaux d\u2019autre part. Il y\u2019a lieu de\n\n\nmentionner que les mouvements inter villages se sont accentu\u00e9s au cours des trois derni\u00e8res semaines, notamment avec\n\n\nles diff\u00e9rentes op\u00e9rations d\u2019assistance en cash dans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Ce qui a d\u2019ailleurs occasionn\u00e9 le\n\n\nmouvement de 740 m\u00e9nages de 1897 personnes sur les 2354 enregistr\u00e9s par le monitoring. Malheureusement, la majorit\u00e9\n\n\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ayant regagn\u00e9 les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s en vue de ladite assistance, n\u2019en ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du fait de leur\n\n\nnon-permanence sur les sites, ayant conduit \u00e0 la suppression de leurs noms sur la liste des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires par l\u2019administration\n\n\ndes sites.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**d. D\u00e9placements internes**\n\n\nPour ce mois sous revue **,** 01 m\u00e9nage de 04 personnes, soit 01 femme, 02 filles et 01 gar\u00e7on a quitt\u00e9 le village de Tsoulla\n\n\n(commune de Guidan Sori) pour se rendre dans le village de Dan Koullou (Guidan Roumdji), \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une incursion des\n\n\nGANE dans sa localit\u00e9 le 05 septembre 2022, au cours de laquelle plusieurs t\u00eates d\u2019animaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9es. Au-del\u00e0\n\n\nde ce m\u00e9nage, il y\u2019a lieu de noter que plusieurs centaines de m\u00e9nages passent la nuit dans des gros villages pour se mettre\n\n\n\u00e0 l\u2019abri des exactions des GANE.\n\n\n**e. mouvement des retourn\u00e9s du Nig\u00e9ria**\n\n\nUn (01) m\u00e9nage nig\u00e9rien de 05 personnes (01 femme, 03 filles et 01 gar\u00e7on) a quitt\u00e9 le village de Gorogno (relevant de la\n\n\ncommune de Sabon Birni) au Nig\u00e9ria pour se rendre \u00e0 Zaboua dans la commune de Guidan Sori, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019incursions\n\n\nr\u00e9p\u00e9titives des GANE.\n\n\n**IV.** **INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nLe monitoring de protection a collect\u00e9 et document\u00e9 71 incidents de protection au cours du mois sous revue. Ces incidents\n\n\nont totalis\u00e9 139 victimes dont 31 enfants. Les incidents et les victimes ont largement d\u00e9pass\u00e9 ceux enregistr\u00e9s au cours\n\n\ndu mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt (52 incidents pour 105 victimes).\n\n\nS\u2019agissant des violations enregistr\u00e9es, elles sont cat\u00e9goris\u00e9es en quatre types, \u00e0 savoir :\n\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9** : 28 incidents pour 56 victimes ;\n\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie** : 20 incidents pour 26 victimes ;\n\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement** : 19 incidents pour 53 victimes ;\n\n\n- **Les violences sexuelles/VBG** : 04 incidents pour 04 victimes.\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des incidents par**_\n\n\n\n_**typologie**_\n_**septembre**_ _**2022**_\n\n\nVol/Extrorsion de biens\n\n\n\n28\n\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des violations par typologie**_\n\n_**septembre 2022**_\n\n\nViolation du droit a la propriete\n\n\n\n28\n\n\n\nViolation du droit a la vie et a l\n\n\u00edntegrite physique\n\nViolation du droit a la liberte de\n\nmouvement\n\n\nViolence sexuelle/ VBG\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAgression physique\nAssassinat/meurtre\nViol\n\nAgression sexuelle\n\nD\u00e9tention arbitraire\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPour ce mois de septembre 2022, les vols/extorsions de biens repr\u00e9sentent la typologie d\u2019incidents la plus enregistr\u00e9e,\n\n\navec 28 incidents de protection. Ils constituent 39,43% des incidents. En termes de victimes, 56 personnes sur 139\n\n\nenregistr\u00e9es sont victimes de cette violation. Quant aux auteurs de ces violations, les GANE en sont majoritaires, avec 45\n\n\ndes 56 victimes, soit 80,35% des victimes de vols/extorsions de biens ; contre 19,64% des incidents de m\u00eame nature\n\n\nattribu\u00e9s aux auteurs inconnus. On constate que les vols/extorsions de b\u00e9tail restent pr\u00e9dominants dans les villages\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u2019accueil. L\u2019ouverture des march\u00e9s hebdomadaires des villages frontaliers du Nigeria, lieu de d\u00e9boucher pour le b\u00e9tail vol\u00e9\n\n\nexpliquerait cet int\u00e9r\u00eat persistant pour les vols/extorsions d\u2019animaux.\n\n\nLes enl\u00e8vements occupent la deuxi\u00e8me position dans le classement des incidents, avec 32,14% des incidents du mois.\n\n\nLes incidents de cette nature se sont sold\u00e9s par l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 52 personnes. Sur les 52 personnes enlev\u00e9es par les\n\n\nGANE, 21 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9es contre une ran\u00e7on totale de 18.530.000 FCFA et les n\u00e9gociations seraient en cours pour la\n\n\nlib\u00e9ration des autres.\n\n\nEn effet, la mobilisation des fonds pour la lib\u00e9ration des personnes en captivit\u00e9 est faite par la vente de champs, des b\u00e9tails\n\n\net autres biens ainsi que les contributions financi\u00e8res des bonnes volont\u00e9s. Cette situation impacte n\u00e9gativement\n\n\nl\u2019\u00e9conomie des m\u00e9nages, r\u00e9duit leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire face aux besoins quotidiens (nourriture, soins de sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation des\n\n\nenfants, etc.) et affaibli leur capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience face aux chocs (mauvaises campagnes agricoles, inondations, famines,\n\n\netc.).\n\n\nPour ce mois de septembre, les moniteurs ont rapport\u00e9 et document\u00e9 des cas des violences bas\u00e9es sur le Les agressions\n\n\nphysiques viennent en 3 [eme] position des incidents du mois et constituent 21,12% du total des incidents. Ces incidents ont\n\n\nfait 18 victimes parmi lesquelles 16 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des GANE et 02 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations de droits par des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nIl faut noter que les victimes d\u2019agressions physiques sont en majorit\u00e9 des personnes qui opposent une r\u00e9sistance face aux\n\n\ninjonctions des GANE lors des incursions ou bien des victimes collat\u00e9rales (victimes de balles perdues lors des incursions,\n\n\netc.).\n\n\nS\u2019agissant des incidents de type assassinat/meurtre, cinq (05) cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Ils ont entrain\u00e9 la mort de sept (07)\n\n\npersonnes. Tous les cas d\u2019assassinat/meurtre sont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE. Il s\u2019agit de trois cas enregistr\u00e9s dans la commune\n\n\nde Sarkin Yamma, trois cas dans la commune de Gabi et un cas dans la commune de Tibiri.\n\n\nS\u2019agissant de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre, deux (02) cas de viols et deux (02) d\u2019agressions sexuelles. Ils occupent la\n\n\ncinqui\u00e8me position dans le rang des incidents du mois. En ce qui concerne les agressions sexuelles, deux (02) filles en ont\n\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 victimes au sein du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori. Elles ont toutes \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es vers le partenaire DRC. Pour les\n\n\ndeux (02) cas de viol, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e viol\u00e9e par un homme de 45 ans et une autre fille refugi\u00e9e d\u2019environ 15 ans\n\n\nviol\u00e9e par un autochtone. Les deux survivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es vers les partenaires DRC et APBE en vue d\u2019une prise en\n\n\ncharge holistique.\n\n\nEnfin un cas de d\u00e9tention arbitraire d\u2019un civil par les FDS a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 et document\u00e9 au cours de ce mois dans la\n\n\ncommune de Gabi.\n\n\nPar rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9partition des violations par typologie, la violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est la plus enregistr\u00e9e pour ce\n\n\nmois, soit 39,43% des violations. Ensuite s\u2019en suivent la violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie, avec 28,16% ; la\n\n\nviolation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement avec 26,76% et enfin les violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre avec 5,63% des\n\n\nviolations.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Evolution des incidents de**_\n\n_**protection**_ 71\n_**janvier -**_ _**septembre 2022**_\n\n\n\n_**Evolution des Personnes**_\n\n_**enl\u00e8v\u00e9es**_\n_**janvier -**_ _**septembre 2022**_\n\n\n\n\n\n52\n\n\n\n\n\n33\n\n\n\n25\n\n\n\n41\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_**Maradi**_\n\n\n29\n26 24\n\n\n\n\n|35 5 Maradi|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|52|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|17
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19||\n|||||||||||\n\n\n\nLa courbe \u00e9volutive des incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s entre les mois janvier et septembre 2022 montre une\n\n\nd\u00e9croissance progressive au premier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. L\u2019on a observ\u00e9 au cours du second trimestre, une mont\u00e9e des\n\n\nincidents de protection qui a fini par chuter \u00e0 la fin de ce trimestre. A partir du mois de juillet, d\u00e9but du troisi\u00e8me trimestre,\n\n\non assiste \u00e0 une remont\u00e9e de la courbe de mani\u00e8re exponentielle. Cette p\u00e9riode co\u00efncide avec l\u2019installation effective de la\n\n\nsaison hivernale, favorable aux incursions des GANE et limitant les poursuites des FDS du fait entre autres du niveau\n\n\navanc\u00e9 des cultures et de l\u2019impraticabilit\u00e9 des routes. On peut constater que les incidents enregistr\u00e9s au cours de ce\n\n\ntroisi\u00e8me trimestre (164 incidents) d\u00e9passent largement les incidents cumul\u00e9s des deux premiers trimestres (au total 155\n\n\nincidents). Ceci renseigne sur la d\u00e9gradation continue de l\u2019environnement de protection durant ce troisi\u00e8me trimestre de\n\n\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e en cours.\n\n\nQuant \u00e0 la courbe \u00e9volutive des enl\u00e8vements, elle a affich\u00e9 dans l\u2019ensemble une \u00e9volution en dents de scie, avec une forte\n\n\nd\u00e9croissance entre les mois de janvier \u00e0 avril. A ce niveau \u00e9galement, on constate que les enl\u00e8vements ont pris davantage\n\n\nd\u2019ampleur \u00e0 partir du d\u00e9but du troisi\u00e8me trimestre. A titre illustratif, le nombre total de personnes enlev\u00e9es durant ce\n\n\ntrimestre d\u00e9passe de loin celui des deux premiers trimestres. En chiffre, il constitue plus du double des deux premiers\n\n\ntrimestres, soit 106 contre 52.\n\n\nChaque mois, c\u2019est une importante somme d\u2019argent qui est mobilis\u00e9e par les familles des victimes et vers\u00e9e aux GANE en\n\n\nguise de ran\u00e7on pour la lib\u00e9ration des d\u00e9tenus. Au-del\u00e0 de la paup\u00e9risation des m\u00e9nages, le monitoring a relev\u00e9 qu\u2019apr\u00e8s\n\n\nchaque lib\u00e9ration, les victimes reviennent souvent avec des s\u00e9quelles sur les corps et/ou pr\u00e9sentent des signes \u00e9vidents\n\n\nde traumatismes ; ce qui est r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur d\u2019un besoin de soutien psychologique/psychosocial pour panser ces blessures qui\n\n\npeuvent laisser des s\u00e9quelles \u00e0 vie. Malheureusement, le monitoring a des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rer ces personnes \u00e0 besoin\n\n\nd\u2019assistance psychologique/psychosocial dans la plupart des zones affect\u00e9es par les incursions arm\u00e9es, par manque de\n\n\npartenaire op\u00e9rationnel de prise en charge de ces questions dans les zones concern\u00e9es. Au nom de l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif humanitaire,\n\n\nles acteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s se doivent d\u2019orienter leurs interventions dans les zones affect\u00e9es afin d\u2019aider les victimes et les\n\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s \u00e0 reprendre les habitudes d\u2019une vie normale.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**R\u00e9partition des victimes par**_\n\n_**cat\u00e9gories**_\n_**septembre 2022**_\n\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des victimes par**_\n\n_**statuts**_\n_**septembre 2022**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA la lecture du graphique sur la r\u00e9partition des victimes par cat\u00e9gorie, on se rend compte que les hommes sont les plus\n\n\ntouch\u00e9s par les incidents. Ils repr\u00e9sentent 82,59% des victimes. Sur les 82 hommes victimes, on note 51 cas de\n\n\nvols/extorsions de biens, 06 cas d\u2019assassinats/meurtres, 15 cas d\u2019agressions physiques et 09 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vements. Il\n\n\nconvient de pr\u00e9ciser que parmi ces victimes, figure un homme arr\u00eat\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on arbitraire par les FDS. S\u2019agissant des femmes\n\n\nvictimes, le monitoring a document\u00e9 26, soit 19% du total des victimes. Pour ce mois, les femmes sont victimes de trois\n\n\n(03) types d\u2019incidents. Il s\u2019agit de 18 femmes victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement, 05 femmes victimes de vol/extorsion de b\u00e9tails et 03\n\n\nfemmes victimes d\u2019agression physique.\n\n\nPar rapport aux enfants victimes, on note 31 cas dont 21 filles et 10 gar\u00e7ons. S\u2019agissant des filles victimes, 17 filles ont \u00e9t\u00e9\n\n\nenlev\u00e9es au cours des incursions des GANE, 02 sont survivantes de viols et 02 autres encore survivantes d\u2019agressions\n\n\nsexuelles ; Elles ont toutes \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es et r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es par les partenaires de prise en charge. En ce qui concerne les\n\n\ngar\u00e7ons, tous ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019exactions des GANE. Ils sont 10 dont 07 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement, 02 cas d\u2019agressions physiques\n\n\net 01 cas d\u2019assassinat/meurtre.\n\n\nPour ce qui est de la r\u00e9partition des victimes par statut, Sur 139 victimes, 120 sont issues de la population h\u00f4te, soit un\n\n\npourcentage de 86%, en majorit\u00e9 victimes d\u2019exactions des GANE. En ce qui concerne les PDI, ils constituent 10% des\n\n\nvictimes, soit 13 personnes affect\u00e9es. Ils sont victimes d\u2019incursions des GANE dans les communes de Gabi, Sarkin Yamma\n\n\net Tibiri. Sur les 13 PDI victimes, il y\u2019a 06 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement, 02 cas d\u2019agression physique, 01 cas d\u2019assassinat/meurtre et\n\n\n04 d\u2019extorsions de b\u00e9tails. Pour ce qui est des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s victimes, il s\u2019agit de 02 filles victimes de viol et 02 filles cas victimes\n\n\nd\u2019agressions sexuelles et 02 cas d\u2019agressions physiques. Ils repr\u00e9sentent 04% des victimes du mois, soit 06 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**R\u00e9partition des Incidents par auteurs**_\n\n_**presum\u00e9s septembre 2022**_\n\n\nGANES\n\n\n\n54\n\n\n\nInconnu\n\n\nRefugie\n\n\nMembres de la communaute\n\n\nFDS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLa r\u00e9partition des incidents par auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s indique que les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les auteurs\n\n\nmajoritaires des incidents collect\u00e9s et document\u00e9s. 54 de 71 incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par les\n\n\nGANE, soit 76,05%. Ils sont auteurs d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, d\u2019extorsions des biens, d\u2019agressions physiques et\n\n\nd\u2019assassinats/meurtres. Ils sont suivis des personnes inconnues qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9es dans 09 incidents de protection. Ils sont\n\n\nsurtout responsables des vols nocturnes de b\u00e9tail \u00e0 domicile. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont cit\u00e9s comme auteur dans 04 incidents de\n\n\nprotection. Il s\u2019agit de 01 cas de viol, 02 cas d\u2019agression sexuelle et 01 cas d\u2019agression physique. Ensuite 03 incidents de\n\n\nprotection sont attribu\u00e9s aux membres de la population h\u00f4te. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas de viol sur une fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, d\u2019un cas\n\n\nd\u2019agression sexuelle sur une autre fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e et un cas d\u2019agression physique contre un commer\u00e7ant, membre de la\n\n\npopulation h\u00f4te. L\u2019analyse de ces donn\u00e9es permet de constater que des abus graves sont perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. M\u00eame\n\n\nsi les causes profondes de ces violations sont \u00e0 chercher et que par principe rien ne saurait justifier les VBG, il apparait\n\n\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 que la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes et filles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es, de m\u00eame que l\u2019oisivet\u00e9 de la population h\u00f4te sont des facteurs\n\n\nmajeurs. Enfin, comme le mois pass\u00e9, un autre incident a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par des FDS au cours de ce mois en examen. Il\n\n\ns\u2019agit d\u2019une d\u00e9tention arbitraire suivie de violence physique d\u2019un homme, en l\u2019occurrence le fils d\u2019un chef de village de la\n\n\ncommune de Gabi. Cette situation pourrait compromettre la bonne collaboration entre les FDS et la population civile qui\n\n\nappuient ces derni\u00e8res dans leur mission de s\u00e9curisation et de lutte contre le banditisme transfrontalier.\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des incidents par commune**_\n\n_**septembre**_ _**2022**_\n\n15 15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Pour ce mois, les communes de Gabi et Tibiri sont les plus impact\u00e9s en termes d\u2019incidents de protection. Ils sont \u00e0\n\n\nproportion \u00e9gale et ont enregistr\u00e9 21,12% des incidents du mois chacune. Pour la commune de Gabi, tous les 15 incidents\n\n\nde protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les GANE. Cela montre que les GANE arrivent \u00e0 contourner le dispositif s\u00e9curitaire\n\n\nexistant dans cette commune et pourrait t\u00e9moigner pour aussi d\u2019un besoin de renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans cette zone.\n\n\nLa recrudescence et la r\u00e9currence de ces incursions qui s\u2019approchent de plus en plus du chef-lieu de la commune inqui\u00e8tent\n\n\nles populations civiles dont le bien \u00eatre se trouve \u00eatre entam\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9gards. Pour ce qui est de la commune de Tibiri,\n\n\n12 de 15 incidents de protection sont attribu\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments des GANE ; tandis que les trois autres sont attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des\n\n\npersonnes inconnues et \u00e0 la population h\u00f4te. Contrairement \u00e0 la commune de Gabi, \u00e0 Tibiri les incursions se sont\n\n\nconcentr\u00e9es sur la bande frontali\u00e8re. La commune de Guidan Sori suit les deux communes avec 12 incidents de protection,\n\n\nsoit 16,90% des incidents du mois. Hormis un incident perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par des auteurs inconnus, tous les autres sont attribu\u00e9s\n\n\naux GANE. A l\u2019image de la commune de Tibiri, tous les villages impact\u00e9s sont sur la bande frontali\u00e8re. Les communes de\n\n\nSafo, Madarounfa, Chadakori et Sarkin Yamma ont enregistr\u00e9 respectivement 07, 06, 05 et 04 incidents de protection.\n\n\nQuant aux communes de Dan Issa et Guidan Roumdji, elles sont exo quo avec 03 incidents chacune. Enfin la commune\n\n\nde Djiratoua a enregistr\u00e9 un seul incident de protection. Pour la commune de Safo, 06 sur 07 incidents sont attribu\u00e9s aux\n\n\nGANE alors qu\u2019\u00e0 Madarounfa, ils sont auteurs de 04 sur 06 incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s. Les GANE sont aussi\n\n\nauteurs de 04 incidents de protection dans la commune de Sarkin Yamma. Dans l\u2019ensemble, on peut constater que les\n\n\nGANE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa. Des mesures urgentes doivent \u00eatre prises pour mettre fin\n\n\n\u00e0 cette perc\u00e9e des groupes arm\u00e9s. A Chadakori, hormis un incident commis par un membre de la population h\u00f4te, les\n\n\nquatre (04) autres sont attribu\u00e9s aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n**V.** **PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANT**\n\n\nDu fait du nombre d\u2019enfants victimes de violations de droits, le mois de septembre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9ment celui au cours\n\n\nduquel les enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rudement impact\u00e9s dans les zones sous monitoring. En effet, 31 enfants victimes dont 21 filles\n\n\net 10 gar\u00e7ons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les moniteurs de protection. Dans leur ensemble, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations\n\n\ngraves allant de celle du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement \u00e0 la violation du droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique ainsi que les\n\n\nviolences bas\u00e9es sur le genre.\n\n\nSeul 04 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de la population civile, les 27 autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des GANE. L\u2019examen d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des\n\n\nviolations fait ressortir 01 cas d\u2019assassinat/meurtre dans la commune de Sarkin Yamma, 02 cas de blessures par balles au\n\n\ncours des incursions arm\u00e9es dans des villages des communes de Gabi et Madarounfa, 02 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement \u00e0 Garin Bijini,\n\n\ndans la commune de Sarkin Yamma. Outre les deux filles enlev\u00e9es \u00e0 Garin Bajini, 22 autres enfants, dont 15 filles et 07\n\n\ngar\u00e7ons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s par les GANE. Il s\u2019agit de 09 enfants (07 filles et 02 gar\u00e7ons) enlev\u00e9s dans la commune de Tibiri,\n\n\n06 enfants enlev\u00e9s dans la commune de Gabi (04 filles et 02 gar\u00e7ons), 04 dans la commune de Safo (02 filles et 02\n\n\ngar\u00e7ons), 02 filles dans la commune de Madarounfa et 01 gar\u00e7on enlev\u00e9 dans la commune de Dan Issa.\n\n\nEn plus des enfants victimes d\u2019assassin\u00e9s/meurtres et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, 04 autres enfants de sexe f\u00e9minin victimes de\n\n\nviolations de type VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dont 02 filles survivantes d\u2019agressions sexuelles ainsi que 02 autres survivantes\n\n\nde viols. Le premier cas a \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 sur une fille de moins de dix ans \u00e0 Garin Kaka ; tandis que le deuxi\u00e8me a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis\n\n\nsur une fille vivant avec handicap.\n\n\nAu cours de ce mois toujours, le monitoring a rapport\u00e9 13 cas d\u2019enfants victimes d\u2019effondrement de maisons (dont 01 d\u00e9c\u00e8s\n\n\net 12 bless\u00e9s r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s vers des centres de sant\u00e9) et 03 cas de noyade dans les communes de Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji,\n\n\nGuidan Sori et Gabi. Tout ceci montre que des mesures idoines doivent \u00eatre prises, y compris le renforcement de la\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\u00e9curisation des zones par les autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes, pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un environnement plus protecteur pour les enfants\n\n\net les civils d\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.\n\n\nDans le sillage de la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un environnement protecteur pour les enfants, notons que les 34 enfants talib\u00e9s, en situation\n\n\nde s\u00e9paration familiale, identifi\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un marabout, au niveau du village d\u2019accueil d\u2019Angoual Roumdji ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s\n\n\nvers Save the Children. Les \u00e9valuations individuelles de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur de ces enfants sont en cours et seront \u00e0 terme\n\n\nsuivies d\u2019assistances dans le cadre de la prise en charge des cas, en fonction des besoins identifi\u00e9s. A noter que 10 enfants\n\n\nbiologiques du m\u00eame marabout ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en compte par Save the Children dans les \u00e9valuations de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur en\n\n\ncours.\n\n\n**VI.** **PREVENTION ET REPONSE AUX VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\nPour le mois septembre, 04 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre. Il s\u2019agit de 02 filles victimes\n\n\nd\u2019agression sexuelle et 02 autres filles victimes de viol comme d\u00e9j\u00e0 cite en haut. En se tenant aux faits, les deux premi\u00e8res\n\n\nsurvivantes d\u2019agression sexuelle identifi\u00e9es ont en fait \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019attouchement au niveau de leurs parties intimes et de\n\n\nviolence psychologique et \u00e9motionnelle par des individus issus de la population h\u00f4te. Quant aux cas de viol enregistr\u00e9s,\n\n\nl\u2019un met en relief une jeune fille d\u00e9ficiente mentale, \u00e2g\u00e9e de 15 ans qui, s\u2019\u00e9tant rendue en brousse pour cueillir des feuilles\n\n\nest tomb\u00e9e sur son bourreau qui l\u2019a forc\u00e9 \u00e0 un rapport sexuel, apr\u00e8s une agression physique et la derni\u00e8re survivante\n\n\nidentifi\u00e9e, \u00e2g\u00e9e de 08 ans, victime de viol par un individu avoisinant la cinquantaine.\n\n\nPour l\u2019heure, l\u2019un des auteurs du crime de viol a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis aux arr\u00eats puis d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s au niveau de la gendarmerie de Guidan\n\n\nRoumdji et l\u2019autre a \u00e9t\u00e9 traduit devant les juridictions coutumi\u00e8res.\n\n\n**VII.** **MOBILISATION COMMUNAUTAIRE ET COEXISTENCE PACIFIQUE**\n\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9es continuent de cohabiter dans l\u2019harmonie malgr\u00e9 des faits et actes constat\u00e9s tendant\n\n\n\u00e0 mettre \u00e0 mal cette coexistence pacifique. L\u2019on peut retenir entre autres la cueillette des produits de culture par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\n\n\nsans autorisation pr\u00e9alable, le d\u00e9faut de payement des dettes contract\u00e9es par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et le transport des assistances\n\n\npar les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires en direction du Nig\u00e9ria, au motif d\u2019une accalmie dans les localit\u00e9s d\u2019origines.\n\n\nRelativement \u00e0 la cueillette des produits de culture dans les champs des autochtones, cette pratique a occasionn\u00e9 plusieurs\n\n\nplaintes des paysans aupr\u00e8s des leaders r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que des administrateurs des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Par rapport au\n\n\nd\u00e9faut de payement des dettes contract\u00e9es par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9 par l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019identification des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n\nr\u00e9ellement pr\u00e9sents au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s qui a abouti \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion de plusieurs m\u00e9nages de la liste des\n\n\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du cash transfert. A titre d\u2019exemple, \u00e0 Chadakori, sur les 1809 m\u00e9nages de 7915 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s relocalis\u00e9s, seul\n\n\n431 m\u00e9nages de 1969 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme r\u00e9ellement pr\u00e9sents sur le site et donc b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du cash\n\n\ntransfert. Par cons\u00e9quent, la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s contractants se trouvent dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019honorer leurs dettes ; ce qui\n\n\naccentue les mouvements inter villages et pendulaires. Quant au transport des assistances par les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en direction du\n\n\nNig\u00e9ria, il faut dire que cette pratique est tr\u00e8s mal per\u00e7ue au niveau communautaire. Des cas de r\u00e9sistance des populations\n\n\nh\u00f4tes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s au cours de ce mois dans certains villages d\u2019accueil, \u00e0 l\u2019image de Zanfarawa, dans la commune de\n\n\nGuidan Roumdji.\n\n\nToutes ces situations repr\u00e9sentent des v\u00e9ritables facteurs de d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la coexistence entre les deux communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nC\u2019est pourquoi, en plus des sensibilisations entreprises au niveau communautaire sur la coexistence pacifique, le\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "monitoring met \u00e0 profit les s\u00e9ries de formations en l\u2019endroit des leaders h\u00f4tes, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes qui sont un\n\n\ncadre id\u00e9al pour passer des messages de sensibilisation sur la coexistence pacifique, la tol\u00e9rance et bon vivre ensemble.\n\n\n**VIII.** **RENFORCEMENTS DES CAPACITES ET SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**1. Renforcements des capacit\u00e9s**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, le CIAUD a entrepris une s\u00e9rie de formations et de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s \u00e0\n\n\nl\u2019endroit des points focaux monitoring, leaders communautaires, FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur entre autres la protection\n\n\ninternationale, le monitoring de protection et des fronti\u00e8res ainsi que la coexistence pacifique.\n\n\n**a. Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des comit\u00e9s villageois de protection de l\u2019enfant (CVPE) :** 45 membres des CVPE des\n\n\ncommunes de Guidan Roumdji, de Tibiri et de Guidan Sori ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de ces sessions de recyclage sur la protection en\n\n\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral et le monitoring de protection en particulier, avec une mise d\u2019accent sur la protection de l\u2019enfant, les VBG,\n\n\nl\u2019identification et l\u2019appui aux PBS ainsi que la coexistence pacifique. Cette s\u00e9rie de renforcement s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9roul\u00e9e en trois\n\n\nsessions, en raison d\u2019une par commune.\n\n\n**b. Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des points focaux monitoring de protection** : 42 points focaux monitoring des dix\n\n\ncommunes couvertes par le monitoring de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9s sur la protection \u00e0 base communautaire et le\n\n\nmonitoring. L\u2019occasion a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 profit pour \u00e9changer sur les contraintes qui freinent la collecte et la remont\u00e9e des\n\n\ndonn\u00e9es afin de trouver de nouvelles approches afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le rendement qualitatif.\n\n\n**c. Formation des leaders communautaires des villages accueillant des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes du**\n\n\n**d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa sur la protection, le monitoring de protection et la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es**\n\n\n**internes :** Cette session a vu la participation de 24 leaders communautaires des communes de Safo et Sarkin Yamma,\n\n\nzone d\u2019accueil et de d\u00e9part des PDI. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s sur les bases de la protection des personnes en situation de\n\n\nd\u00e9placement, suivant la convention de Kampala, sur le monitoring ainsi que sur la coexistence pacifique, en plus des\n\n\nth\u00e9matiques de protection de l\u2019enfant et des VBG.\n\n\n**d. Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur la protection internationale et les m\u00e9canismes de**\n\n\n**protection :** Cette formation tenue dans la salle des r\u00e9unions de la commune de Madarounfa a r\u00e9uni le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\n\n\nde la pr\u00e9fecture de Madarounfa, les maires de 06 communes, les chefs de canton ainsi que les forces de d\u00e9fense et de\n\n\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa et la direction r\u00e9gionale de la police nationale. Elle avait pour objectif de renforcer\n\n\nles capacit\u00e9s des FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales et de les familiariser avec la protection internationale et les m\u00e9canismes de\n\n\nprotection. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 coanim\u00e9e par le CIAUD, l\u2019UNHCR et la direction r\u00e9gionale de la police nationale.\n\n\n**e. S\u00e9ance de sensibilisation sur l\u2019importance des activit\u00e9s de monitoring de protection, l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et la coexistence**\n\n\n**pacifique :** Au village d\u2019accueil d\u2019Angoual Roumdji, dans la commune de Madarounfa, le CIAUD a initi\u00e9 une s\u00e9ance de\n\n\nsensibilisation \u00e0 l\u2019endroit de la population h\u00f4te et d\u00e9plac\u00e9e (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes) sur l\u2019importance des activit\u00e9s de\n\n\nmonitoring communautaire, la protection et l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 plusieurs constats faits au cours des activit\u00e9s ordinaires\n\n\ndu monitoring, en lien notamment avec la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation \u00e0 l\u2019air libre et la coexistence pacifique, au vue des incompr\u00e9hensions\n\n\nentre h\u00f4tes et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s n\u00e9es des premi\u00e8res op\u00e9rations d\u2019assistance en cash dans la zone.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2. Sensibilisations communautaires et visite \u00e0 domicile (VAD)**\n\n\nUn total de 1947 personnes touch\u00e9es par les sensibilisations dont 427 hommes, 543 femmes, 527 filles et 450 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\nLes th\u00e8mes d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s : coexistence pacifique, hygi\u00e8ne, pr\u00e9vention du chol\u00e9ra, protection de l\u2019enfant, risques li\u00e9s aux\n\n\nmouvements pendulaires, GBV (avec un accent conjugal) et importance des AGR pour les jeunes.\n\n\nEn ce qui concerne les VAD, 245 m\u00e9nages de 1012 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 130 hommes, 245 femmes, 335\n\n\nfilles et 302 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**IX.** **BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont, la distribution des vivres dans les villages d\u2019accueil du\n\n\nd\u00e9partement de Madarounfa, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9, notamment dans les villages d\u2019accueil, les AGR, la poursuite des\n\n\nop\u00e9rations de l\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la prise en charge des PBS, le renforcement des RHU au niveau des villages\n\n\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, la distribution des kits NFI et des abris et la relocalisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s vers les villages\n\n\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**X.** **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de CIMCCORD pour renforcer les
patrouilles des FDS ;
|Gabi, Safo, Sarkin Yamma,
Dan Issa, Guidan Sori et Tibiri|GTP et FDS|En continue|\n|Poursuite des op\u00e9rations d\u2019enregistrement|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
Madarounfa et Chadakori.|HCR-CNE|En continue|\n|Reprendre le processus de relocalisation vers les
villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa|CNE-HCR-
Partenaires|Le plus vite|\n|Etendre les zones de couverture des cliniques
mobiles et doter les centres de sant\u00e9 des villages
d\u2019accueil en m\u00e9dicaments.|D\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa|HCR-APBE|Le plus vite|\n|Dotation en nattes, couverture, literie, sceaux,
chaussures, pull-overs pour les enfants.|Villages d\u2019accueil|OIM,
HCR,
DEDI,
APBE|Le plus vite|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge des PBS|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa|DRC|Le plus vite|\n|Mettre en place des EAE dans les villages d\u2019accueil
o\u00f9 ils n\u2019existent pas|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa|SCI|Le plus vite|\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Initier des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus au profit
des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et populations h\u00f4tes, en vue de leur
autonomisation|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa|HCR et APBE|Le plus vite|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Augmenter la proportion de la population h\u00f4te dans
les diff\u00e9rents programmes de distribution.|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa|PAM, Autres acteurs
intervenants dans les
distributions|En continue|\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/da4d5c6e-a209-4912-87b8-4a5f3fff8715/rapport_mensuel_de_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_septembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_914/raw/doc_914_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_914/raw/doc_914_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4ba53688498b1e1123e0152b82495dbb7a214fe9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_914/raw/doc_914_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Decembre 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n_Communes de Guidan Roumdji, Chadakori,_\n\n_Guidan Sori, Tibiri, Madarounfa, Dan Issa,_\n\n_Djirataoua, Gabi, Safo et Sarkin Yamma_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APER\u00c7U DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nEn ce mois de d\u00e9cembre, marquant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, l\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9 d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re dans la r\u00e9gion de\nMaradi, du moins dans les zones couvertes par le projet de monitoring de protection. Comparativement \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, \u00e0\nla m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, le contexte de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n\u2019a pas chang\u00e9 ; il semble d\u2019ailleurs se d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 davantage, tant au Niger que du\nc\u00f4t\u00e9 nig\u00e9rian de la fronti\u00e8re. En effet, 24 incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es au cours\nde ce mois, alors qu\u2019elles se chiffraient \u00e0 10 en d\u00e9cembre 2021. De m\u00eame, le nombre de nig\u00e9rians ayant travers\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re\npour chercher refuge dans les villages des d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa a plus que doubl\u00e9, passant de 68\nm\u00e9nages de 228 nouveaux arrivants en d\u00e9cembre 2021 \u00e0 166 m\u00e9nages de 590 nouveaux arrivants pour ce mois en examen,\nen plus de plusieurs milliers d\u2019autres r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ayant effectu\u00e9 des mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb pour faits d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de violations de droits humains exerc\u00e9es par les GANE sur les civils.\nRelativement \u00e0 la multiplication des actions arm\u00e9es en territoire nig\u00e9rien, notons que selon plusieurs acteurs communautaires,\nl\u2019installation effective de la saison froide qui aurait diminu\u00e9 les patrouilles des FDS et les veilles communautaires constituent\nle terreau qui alimente/nourrit cet activisme des GANE. Il va s\u2019en dire que la situation s\u00e9curitaire affiche une pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 de part\net d\u2019autre de la fronti\u00e8re. Cet \u00e9tat de fait, cumul\u00e9 aux d\u00e9placements internes et les mouvements massifs de nig\u00e9rians fuyants\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, accroit les besoins d\u2019assistance et de protection dans les zones d\u2019accueil et annonce une ann\u00e9e 2023 pleine de\nd\u00e9fis au plan humanitaire. Dans ce contexte de d\u00e9gradation continue de l\u2019environnement de protection, les populations de la\nbande frontali\u00e8re v\u00e9g\u00e8tent en permanence dans la psychose du fait du caract\u00e8re incertain de la situation s\u00e9curitaire. Ceci\nrestreint la libert\u00e9 de mouvement des civils et limite les \u00e9changes commerciaux ; ce qui a des r\u00e9percussions sur le tissu socio\u00e9conomique et les conditions de vie des m\u00e9nages en dernier ressort.\nIl faut souligner que le retard et l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019assistance humanitaire, notamment alimentaire et les affres du froid continuent de s\u2019abattre sur les villages d\u2019accueil en particulier, o\u00f9 beaucoup de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes vivent dans la promiscuit\u00e9 ou dans des abris de fortune, expos\u00e9s aux intemp\u00e9ries du moment et autres risques de protection. Toutefois, les\nr\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es par les acteurs humanitaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s, tout comme l\u2019op\u00e9ration de v\u00e9rification et d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui se poursuit dans le d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji, contribueront certainement \u00e0 satisfaire aux\nbesoins urgents de ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Au-del\u00e0, l\u2019op\u00e9ration de v\u00e9rification et d\u2019enregistrement en cours permettra aux personnes \u00e0\nbesoin de protection internationale de jouir de tous les droits que leurs conf\u00e8rent les instruments juridiques nationaux et internationaux.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois de d\u00e9cembre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n- La poursuite des incursions des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa;\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations ;\n\n- La poursuite de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019identification et d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents sur le territoire de la r\u00e9gion ;\n\n- L\u2019assistance humanitaire dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\nRetourn\u00e9s\n\n\n\n35,659\n\n\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS13%**\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n127,233\n\n\n\n**a.Nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria** D\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\nLa poursuite des incursions des GANE a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e durant ce mois de d\u00e9cembre dans les communes de Sabon Birni, Isa 104,588\n\n**39%**\n\n(Etat de Sokoto) ; Zourmi (Etat de Zamfara) et Jibia (Etat de Katsina), etc. Ces exactions ont contraint au d\u00e9placement\nplusieurs personnes qui n\u2019ont jamais franchi la fronti\u00e8re nig\u00e9rienne pour chercher l\u2019asile. Il est ressorti des focus groupes et\nentretiens individuels r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avec les concern\u00e9s que les GANE ont sem\u00e9 la terreur dans presque tous leurs villages d\u2019origines et auraient commis des violations graves de droits humains, tels que les enl\u00e8vements surtout des jeunes filles, des extorsions des biens, des meurtres, etc. Au total, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nombr\u00e9 166 m\u00e9nages de 590 nig\u00e9rians concern\u00e9s par ces mouvements.\nDe fa\u00e7on d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9e, il s\u2019agit de 34 hommes, 164 femmes, 201 filles et 191 gar\u00e7ons install\u00e9s dans les villages d\u2019accueil des\ncommunes de Gabi, Dan Issa, Guidan Sori et Guidan Sori.\n\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n\n\n104,588\n\n\n\n**39%**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b.Mouvements pendulaires des refugi\u00e9s**\nPour ce dernier mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, 1470 m\u00e9nages de 4852 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s effectuant des mouvements pendulaires entre le Niger et le\nNig\u00e9ria ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par les \u00e9quipes de monitoring.\nS\u2019agissant des mouvements pendulaires \u00ab aller au Nig\u00e9ria \u00bb, ils ont concern\u00e9 317 m\u00e9nages de 907 individus, soit 64 hommes,\n308 femmes, 267 filles et 268 gar\u00e7ons. Ils ont principalement quitt\u00e9 les villages d\u2019accueil des communes de Guidan Roumdji et\nDjiratoua et les trois villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. La recherche des moyens de substances constitue la raison majeure ayant motiv\u00e9\nces mouvements.\nLe monitoring a aussi enregistr\u00e9 1153 m\u00e9nages de 3945 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb. Il est ressorti\ndes entretiens r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avec certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s concern\u00e9s par ce type de mouvement, que la plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont effectu\u00e9\nun long s\u00e9jour dans leurs villages d\u2019origines, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une accalmie relative. Leur retour au Niger serait motiv\u00e9 par la reprise\ndes exactions GANE dans plusieurs localit\u00e9s des \u00e9tats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s de Katsina, Sokoto et Zamfara. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 localis\u00e9s dans les\nvillages d\u2019accueil des communes de Gabi, Guidan Sori et Guidan Roumdji. Il s\u2019agit en d\u00e9tail de : 192 hommes, 1019 femmes,\n1314 filles et 1420 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**c.Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\nEn ce qui concerne les mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 545 m\u00e9nages de 1313 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par\nmoniteurs de protection, avec l\u2019appui des points focaux communautaires. Il s\u2019agit de 231 hommes, 361 femmes, 348 filles et\n373 gar\u00e7ons. La plupart de ces mouvements sont justifi\u00e9s par la recherche de moyens de substance ; mais aussi par l\u2019op\u00e9ration\nde v\u00e9rification et d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ils sont beaucoup plus observ\u00e9s des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s vers les villages\nd\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**d. D\u00e9placements internes**\nL\u2019amplification des incursions des GANE dans les villages frontaliers des communes de Gabi, Safo, Tibiri et Guidan Sori a\noccasionn\u00e9 une mont\u00e9 en fl\u00e8che des d\u00e9placements internes de populations. Beaucoup se sont dirig\u00e9s vers des villages ayant\ndes positions militaires. Au total, ils sont 77 m\u00e9nages nig\u00e9riens de 469 personnes, compos\u00e9s de 41 hommes, 80 femmes, 169\ngar\u00e7ons et 179 filles qui ont effectu\u00e9 des mouvements \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays. La r\u00e9currence des incursions des GANE\nmontre qu\u2019il y\u2019a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer le dispositif s\u00e9curitaire et la collaboration entre les FDS et la population civile.\n\n\n**e.Mouvements de retour des PDI dans leurs villages d\u2019origines (IDPs retourn\u00e9s)**\nSuite \u00e0 une relative accalmie, 08 m\u00e9nages de 63 PDI, compos\u00e9s de 07 hommes, 08 femmes, 25 gar\u00e7ons et 23 filles, install\u00e9s\n\u00e0 El Guidi ont regagn\u00e9 Rouggar Moussa (dans la m\u00eame commune de Tibiri), leur village d\u2019origine.\n\n\n**f.Retourn\u00e9s du Nigeria**\n04 m\u00e9nages nig\u00e9riens de 20 personnes dont 02 hommes, 04 femmes, 08 filles et 06 gar\u00e7ons en provenance des communes\nde Jibia et Batsari (Etat de Katsina) et l\u2019Etat de Bauchi sont retourn\u00e9s dans leurs villages d\u2019origines de Dan Makaou (Dan Issa),\nChantalaoua (Madarounfa) ; Kouka Mai Kogo (Guidan Sori), \u00e0 la suite des exactions des GANE dans leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence\nhabituelle, au Nig\u00e9ria.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IV. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nA l\u2019image du mois de novembre, 42 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s en\nd\u00e9cembre 2022. Ces incidents ont fait 83 victimes. La majorit\u00e9 des incidents sont\nattribu\u00e9s aux GANE, avec 71 victimes sur les 83, soit 85,54/% du total des victimes. Il\na \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9 que les 42 incidents de protection ont impact\u00e9 toutes les cat\u00e9gories de\npopulations (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et h\u00f4tes) dans les zones de couverture du projet. La cat\u00e9gorisation de ces incidents en typologie de violations se pr\u00e9sente comme suit :\n\n**\u2022** La violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 : 18 incidents pour 28 victimes ;\n\n**\u2022** La violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie : 09 incidents pour 13 victimes ;\n\n**\u2022** Les violences sexuelles/VBG : 03 incidents pour 03 victimes ;\n\n**\u2022** La violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement : 08 incidents pour 29 victimes ;\n\n**\u2022** La violation 1612 : 04 incidents pour 10 victimes.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9partition des incidents par typologie fait ressortir cinq (05) types d\u2019incidents de\nprotection enregistr\u00e9s au cours de ce mois, \u00e0 savoir : les vols/extorsions de biens, les\nenl\u00e8vements de personnes, les agressions physiques, les assassinats/meurtres et les\nagressions sexuelles. Les vols/extorsions de biens constituent l\u2019l\u2019incident majoritaire du\nmois, avec 42,85%. 21 sur les 28 victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des GANE. Il s\u2019agit essentiellement des cas d\u2019extorsions de b\u00e9tail. Le constat est que plusieurs nouveaux villages\nposs\u00e9dant des potentialit\u00e9s animali\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cibl\u00e9s par les GANE ; ce qui traduit une\nvolont\u00e9 d\u2019expansion de leur champs d\u2019op\u00e9ration. La r\u00e9ouverture de certains march\u00e9s\nhebdomadaires des villages frontaliers nig\u00e9rians, en l\u2019occurrence ceux de Gourbi et\nChinkafi, dans l\u2019Etat de Zamfara qui, jadis \u00e9taient reconnus comme \u00ab\u00e9tant des lieux de\nd\u00e9bouch\u00e9 pour le b\u00e9tail vol\u00e9, pourrait \u00e0 son tour expliquer cet app\u00e9tit pour le vol de\nb\u00e9tail.\n\n\nApr\u00e8s les vols/extorsions de biens, les enl\u00e8vements ont constitu\u00e9 le second type d\u2019incidents de protection ayant fortement impact\u00e9 l\u2019environnement de protection, avec une\nproportion de 26,19%, soit 08 incidents de protection d\u2019un point de vue num\u00e9rique. En\ntermes de victimes, les enl\u00e8vement ont battu le record, avec 29 victimes sur les 83 du\nmois et sont tous attribu\u00e9s aux GANE, soit un taux de 34,93%. A l\u2019analyse, le nombre\nde victimes a plus que tripl\u00e9 celui enregistr\u00e9 au cours du mois de novembre (qui \u00e9tait\nde 12 personnes). Il semblerait que les raides a\u00e9rienne de l\u2019arm\u00e9e du Nig\u00e9ria dans\nl\u2019Etat de Zamfara a oblig\u00e9 les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00e0 se red\u00e9ployer vers la for\u00eat\nde Baban Rafi \u00e0 partir de laquelle ils organisent leurs attaques. En outre, selon des\nsources communautaires, les pertes \u00e9normes essuy\u00e9es \u00e0 la suite de ces raides\na\u00e9riennes expliqueraient la mont\u00e9e des exactions des GANE, en guise de vengeance\nsur les civils tant au Nig\u00e9ria qu\u2019en territoire Nig\u00e9rien. L\u2019installation effective de la saison\nfroide qui a r\u00e9duit le niveau de veille communautaire nocturne et les patrouilles de FDS\nconstituent aussi des facteurs \u00e0 prendre en compte. A noter que les enl\u00e8vements sont\nsouvent suivis de demandes de ran\u00e7ons colossales dont la mobilisation accentue la\npaup\u00e9risation des familles des victimes, en les d\u00e9poss\u00e9dant de leurs biens (vente des\nterres, d\u2019animaux, etc.) et en poussant les bras valides \u00e0 la migration.\n\nLes agressions physiques sont class\u00e9es au troisi\u00e8me rang des incidents du mois. Elles\nrepr\u00e9sentent 14.28% des incidents. Hormis un seul cas d\u2019agression physique d\u2019un\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9 sur une autre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, tous les autres incidents de cette nature ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par les GANE. Ce sont pour l\u2019essentiel des cas de blessures par balles lors des\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "[incidents affectent dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, des m\u00e9nages entiers puisque les victimes ]\nsont des chefs de m\u00e9nages sur qui reposent toutes les charges existentielles de leurs\nfamilles. C\u2019est dire que ces victimes ont besoin d\u2019une \u2019assistance autant m\u00e9dicale que\nmat\u00e9rielle pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact de ces incidents sur les m\u00e9nages.\nPour les incidents de type assassinats/meurtres, 05 cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Ils repr\u00e9sentent 11,90% des incidents et ont fait 07 victimes, tous assassin\u00e9es par balles, par les\nGANE. Les victimes \u00e9tant des chefs de m\u00e9nages, hormis un mineur assassin\u00e9 dans un\nvillage de la commune de Tibiri, leurs familles risquent d\u2019\u00eatre davantage vuln\u00e9rables.\nEnfin, 02 incidents de type agression sexuelle ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par les moniteurs. Il\ns\u2019agit de deux jeunes filles refugi\u00e9es du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori dont la prise\nen charge a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e par les partenaires DRC et APBE.\nS\u2019agissant du regroupement des incidents par typologies de violations, il fait ressortir\nune pr\u00e9dominance de la violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, avec un taux chiffr\u00e9 \u00e0 42.85%.\nElle est suivie de la violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 21,42%.\nLes violations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement se positionnent au troisi\u00e8me rang, avec\n\n19,04%. Enfin la violation 1612 avec 09,52% et les violences sexuelles/VBG avec\n7,14% des violations du mois.\n\nLa courbe \u00e9volutive des incidents de protection montre que la tendance \u00e0 la baisse des\nincidents de protection observ\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du quatri\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e s\u2019est stabilis\u00e9e entre novembre et d\u00e9cembre 2022. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, cette stabilisation n\u2019est qu\u2019apparente. Dans les faits, l\u2019on a assist\u00e9 au cours de ce mois de d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 une mont\u00e9e de\nl\u2019activisme des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa ; ce qui\na augment\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re consid\u00e9rable le nombre de victimes d\u2019incidents, comparativement au mois de novembre 2022.\n\n\nQuant \u00e0 la courbe \u00e9volutive des personnes enlev\u00e9es, elle affiche une croissance exponentielle des enl\u00e8vements au cours de ce mois, comparativement aux deux premiers\nmois du quatri\u00e8me trimestre. De par les faits rapport\u00e9s, la plupart des enl\u00e8vements ont\ncibl\u00e9 des personnes sp\u00e9cifiques ; lorsqu\u2018elles ne sont pas atteintes, les GANE\nproc\u00e8dent au kidnapping des membres de leurs cibles pour exiger par la suite le payement de fortes ran\u00e7ons pour leur lib\u00e9ration. C\u2019est un retour en force des GANE qui est\nobserv\u00e9 en territoire nig\u00e9rien.\n\n\nLes hommes restent la cat\u00e9gorie de la population la plus touch\u00e9e par les incidents de\nprotection pour ce mois, avec un taux de 66,26%. Sur les 55 hommes document\u00e9s, 50\nsont victimes des GANE, \u00e0 travers notamment les enl\u00e8vements (18 cas), les assassinats/meurtres (05 cas), les vols/extorsions de biens (21 cas) et les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9\nphysique (06 cas). Les 05 autres hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations de la part de\npersonnes non identifi\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit essentiellement des vols communautaires attribu\u00e9s \u00e0\ndes inconnus. Pour ce qui est des femmes, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 18,07%\ndes incidents de protection du mois, soit 15 femmes. Elles ont en majorit\u00e9 \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes\nlors des incursions des GANE, apr\u00e8s que les hommes aient r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 fuir. Sur les 15\nfemmes document\u00e9es, 11 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement, en absence de leurs maris,\nlors d\u2019attaques des GANE. 03 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de vols de b\u00e9tail attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des inconnus\net 01 victime d\u2019une agression physique par son conjoint.\nEn ce qui concerne les enfants, 13 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violations. Dans ce lot, 06 filles\nvictimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es par les moniteurs pour ce mois, \u00e0 savoir 04 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement et 02 cas d\u2019agressions sexuelles. Les cas d\u2019agressions sexuelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s\nvers les partenaires APBE et DRC aux fins de prise en charge.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**V.PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANT**\n\n\n13 cas de violation des droits de l\u2019enfant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s pour ce dernier mois de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022. Parmi ces enfants, 10 ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictimes de violations graves qui tombent sous le coup de la violation de la r\u00e9solution 1612 des nations unies. Il s\u2019agit de 09 cas\nd\u2019enl\u00e8vement et 01 cas d\u2019assassinats/meurtres perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s sur 04 filles et 06 gar\u00e7ons. Ces violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises dans les\ncommunes de Tibiri (01 cas d\u2019assassinat/meurtre et 03 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement), Guidan Sori (04 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement) et Sarkin Yamma\n(02 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement), lors des incursions des GANE.\nParmi les 03 autres enfants victimes, figure 01 cas d\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique dont les auteurs sont \u00e9galement des GANE.\nQuant aux 02 derni\u00e8res victimes, il s\u2019agit de filles victimes d\u2019incidents de type communautaire, en l\u2019occurrence 01 cas d\u2019agression\nsexuelle et 01 cas d\u2019agression physique au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 (V O) de Chadakori.\n\n\nA noter que l\u2019agression sexuelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise par un homme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es sur une fille de douze ans,\nelle-m\u00eame r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e ; alors qu\u2019elle se rendait dans la broussaille \u00e0 la sortie du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 afin de ramener du bois de\nchauffe \u00e0 sa grand-m\u00e8re. La survivante a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e vers l\u2019\u00e9quipe VBG du partenaire DRC pour prise en charge.\nUne agression physique a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement commise dans le village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori par un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 qui avait abus\u00e9 de\nla confiance d\u2019une fille de quatorze ans, sur une somme de 2 500, avant de la passer \u00e0 tabac pour avoir demand\u00e9 a \u00eatre mise\ndans ses droits. La survivante a notifi\u00e9 l\u2019incident aux agents de protection pr\u00e9sents sur le site et a engag\u00e9 une proc\u00e9dure au\nniveau de la gendarmerie.\n\n\n**VI.PREVENTION ET REPONSE AUX VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\n03 cas de VBG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours de ce mois. Il s\u2019agit des 02 filles victimes discut\u00e9es dans les derniers paragraphes de\nla partie protection de l\u2019enfant du pr\u00e9sent rapport et 01 cas violence conjugale identifi\u00e9 au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Garin\nkaka. Pour ce dernier cas, il \u2018agit d\u2019une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 battue par son mari avant d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9pudi\u00e9e. Apr\u00e8s \u00e9coute, le cas\na \u00e9t\u00e9 orient\u00e9 vers l\u2019\u00e9quipe de protection sur le site qui a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une conciliation et des sensibilisations sur les violences conjugales \u00e0 l\u2019endroit du couple.\n\nEn somme, compar\u00e9 au mois de novembre (08 cas rapport\u00e9s), le nombre de cas est en forte baisse. Il faut souligner que les\nefforts doivent \u00eatre maintenus dans la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux VBG. Les leaders communautaires qui constituent des\nacteurs cl\u00e9s de protection au niveau communautaire restent perplexes face \u00e0 bon nombre de cas de VBG ou \u00e0 la rigueur encourage le r\u00e8glement \u00e0 l\u2019amiable entre survivants (es) et bourreaux. Ce qui peut contribuer \u00e0 la perp\u00e9tuation des VBG. A titre illustratif, des chefs coutumiers ont conclu un arrangement \u00e0 15.000 f cfa, le mois dernier \u00e0 Doumingada (commune de Gabi), dans une\naffaire de viol d\u2019enfant. Sachant que ce sont ces leaders qui pr\u00e9sident les comit\u00e9s villageois de protection de l\u2019enfant (CVPE) au\nniveau village, il est ais\u00e9 de comprendre toute la difficult\u00e9 des CVPE \u00e0 prendre r\u00e9ellement en charge les cas de VBG. C\u2019est pourquoi, la strat\u00e9gie de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9ponse doit comporter des actions exclusivement orient\u00e9es vers les leaders communautaires, allant dans le sens d\u2019un changement de comportement et une prise de conscience r\u00e9elle en ce qui concerne la gravit\u00e9 des\nVBG. .\n\n\n**VII.ACCES AUX MOYENS DE SUBSISTANCE ET AUX SERVICES SOCIAUX DE BASE**\n\n\n**7.1. Acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistances**\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux moyens de subsistance reste un d\u00e9fi dans l\u2019ensemble des zones sous monitoring, \u00e0 divers degr\u00e9s. A Madarounfa\ntout comme \u00e0 Guidan Roumdji, plusieurs milliers de personnes sous mandat (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s non enregistr\u00e9s et PDI) acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 la\npitance quotidienne au gr\u00e9 de la disponibilit\u00e9 des travaux contre r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration ou de la bienveillance de la population h\u00f4te. En\nplus, \u00e0 peine 03 mois apr\u00e8s les r\u00e9coltent, les prix des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales ont connu une hausse exponentielle tendant \u00e0 compliquer davantage cet acc\u00e8s aux petites bourses et autres personnes vuln\u00e9rables dont les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les PDI en constituent la grande majorit\u00e9.\nLa tasse (\u00b1 2.5 kilogrammes) de mil, c\u00e9r\u00e9ale pris\u00e9e, est pass\u00e9e de 350F cfa en ao\u00fbt \u00e0 700f cfa en d\u00e9cembre, soit une hausse de\n100% en trois mois. Dans ce contexte, rares sont les m\u00e9nages qui acc\u00e8dent aux trois repas quotidiens.\nS\u2019agissant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s, malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des assistances, pour ceux qui en sont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires bien s\u00fbr, le constat\nn\u2019est pas du tout reluisant. Pour un m\u00e9nage de taille 5 par exemple, il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de 17.500F (3500fcfa*5) de cash transfert de la\n\npart du PAM via son partenaire APBE. Sur base de cette assistance, tout se passe comme si les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont appel\u00e9s \u00e0 vivre\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "avec 116.66F cfa (soit 0.216 USD) de nourriture par jour. Dans ces conditions, les divers types de mouvement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pour\nla recherche des moyens de subsistance, voire certaines strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatives (telle que la mendicit\u00e9) risquent de\nperdurer si des programmes massifs d\u2019autonomisation ne sont pas mis en place dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9.\n\n\n**7.2. Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau**\n7.2. Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable a connu une am\u00e9lioration remarquable au niveau du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa. En effet, le partenaire\nWorld Vision, sous financement du HCR, a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la remise officielle d\u2019une adduction d\u2019eau potable au village de Yan Radi.\nCette infrastructure garantira sans nul doute l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une eau saine \u00e0 la population h\u00f4te ainsi qu\u2019aux personnes sous mandat\ndudit village et m\u00eame des deux autres villages environnants, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant. En outre, elle mat\u00e9rialise l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 que pr\u00e9sente\nl\u2019accueil des personnes sous mandat, tout en renfor\u00e7ant la coexistence pacifique entre les deux communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\nContrastant d\u2019avec le village de Yan Radi, celui d\u2019El Guidi continue de faire face \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une eau saine et\nsuffisante depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. La pompe immerg\u00e9e du forage est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement tomb\u00e9e en panne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u00e9puis\u00e9e l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des \u00e9pargnes de la caisse de gestion. Le puits ainsi que les forages des villages environnants restent les recours en attendant une action des organisations intervenants dans ce village qui continue d\u2019accueillir et d\u2019h\u00e9berger des personnes sous\nmandat.\n\n\nAussi, le villlage Dan Dajin Makaou est fortement impact\u00e9 par un probl\u00e8me sur son r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau \u00e0 telle enseigne\nque seul le robinet du centre de sant\u00e9 fonctionne en permanence malgr\u00e9 la faible pression. Tous les habitants se ruent vers cette\nborne avec le risque d\u2019encombrer le centre de sant\u00e9 et une possible bagarre li\u00e9e \u00e0 la file d\u2019attente. Un suivi rigoureux s\u2019impose\nau niveau du prestataire \u00e0 qui les bornes fontaine sont c\u00e9d\u00e9es pour une r\u00e9solution rapide de ce probl\u00e8me.\n\n**7.3. Acc\u00e8s aux abris**\nL\u2019acc\u00e8s aux abris a \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la disponibilisation de 438 abris au niveau du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa\npar le HCR, \u00e0 travers l\u2019ONG APBE. Cette assistance est venue \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 tant par rapport \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode de froid que pour\nla couverture du besoin en abris qui est assez \u00e9norme au niveau de ce d\u00e9partement. Cet appui fait suite \u00e0 celui du mois de\ndernier o\u00f9 147 kits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la disposition des m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables du village de Batchaka.\nToujours dans le m\u00eame d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa, l\u2019ONG HI a mis 190 kits NFI, constitu\u00e9s du n\u00e9cessaire pour le couchage et\nle stockage d\u2019eau \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables, y compris des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nLe goulot d\u2019\u00e9tranglement reste le village frontalier de Souloulou o\u00f9 plusieurs centaines de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont revenus apr\u00e8s de\nviolentes incursions dans la commune de Sabon Birni, Etat de Sokoto. En ce temps de froid, ce sont les \u00e9difices publics (mosqu\u00e9es et magasins) qui sont utilis\u00e9s pour permettre \u00e0 ces personnes de passer la nuit plus ou moins au chaud. Une action d\u2019envergure est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9sorber la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 en lien avec les abris, en plus des autres besoins identifi\u00e9s par la mission\nconjointe DDEC/HCR et CIAUD.\n\n\n**VIII.MOBILISATION COMMUNAUTAIRE ET COEXISTENCE PACIFIQUE**\n\n\nDans ce volet, le mois de d\u00e9cembre a cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en beaut\u00e9, sans incident majeur de nature \u00e0 saper la bonne cohabitation entre d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI) et populations h\u00f4tes. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ce qui \u00e9tait craint, c\u2019\u00e9tait les conflits ouverts en agriculteurs\net \u00e9leveurs, avant la date de lib\u00e9ration des champs, fix\u00e9e au 31 d\u00e9cembre. Ces craintes sont fond\u00e9es sur des mouvements d\u2019\u00e9leveurs observ\u00e9s dans les champs avant cette date et les pr\u00e9mices de tensions entre ces deux acteurs majeurs du monde paysan.\nDu reste et \u00e0 titre de rappel, plusieurs cas de conflits ont par le pass\u00e9 \u00e9maill\u00e9 l\u2019avant date de lib\u00e9ration des champs. Dans un\ncontexte d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9 par des m\u00e9fiances vis-\u00e0-vis d\u2019une ethnie nomade dont les membres sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre le plus de\nconnivence avec les GANE, il \u00e9tait normal que la vigilance soit de mise pour \u00e9viter un basculement vers la violence. Dans cette\nd\u00e9marche, la contribution des moniteurs de protection, \u00e0 travers les multiples s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation sur la coexistence\npacifique a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les risques de conflit.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**IX.RENFORCEMENTS DES CAPACITES ET SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**9.1.RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES**\n**9.1.1.Renforcements des capacit\u00e9s du staff monitoring**\n\n\nLes 15 et 16 d\u00e9cembre 2022, avec l\u2019appui du HCR et des autres partenaires, le CIAUD a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 un renforcement des capacit\u00e9s de ses agents, moniteurs de protection et superviseurs monitoring, sur diverses th\u00e9matiques en lien avec la protection, \u00e0\nsavoir la protection internationale, le monitoring de protection, la protection de l\u2019enfance, les PSEA ainsi que sur le code de\nconduite. Ces modules ont \u00e9t\u00e9 facilit\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quipe protection du bureau pays du HCR. Outre, le partenaire APBE a anim\u00e9 un\nmodule en lien avec les VBG et un autre sur le soutien psychosocial et les premiers secours psychologique.\nDurant le mois de novembre toujours, CIAUD a entrepris une s\u00e9rie de formations et de renforcement de capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des\nleaders communautaires des villages d\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur entre autres la protection internationale, le monitoring ainsi que les r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s des FDS dans la protection des civils.\n\n\n**9.1.2.Rencontre trimestrielle des moniteurs**\n\n\nInscrite dans les activit\u00e9s du projet, la 4eme et derni\u00e8re rencontre trimestrielle d\u2019\u00e9change et de coaching entre moniteurs et\nl\u2019\u00e9quipe de coordination pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 s\u2019est tenue le 30 d\u00e9cembre 2022 au niveau de la salle de r\u00e9union du bureau CIAUD\nde Maradi. Cette rencontre avait pour objection g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un partage d\u2019exp\u00e9riences entre moniteurs, relever les\ninsuffisances/difficult\u00e9s de terrain et proposer des solutions pour une am\u00e9lioration des activit\u00e9s monitoring pour la prochaine\nann\u00e9e.\nLes 24 moniteurs qui couvrent les deux d\u00e9partements (zones d\u2019intervention du projet) ont tour \u00e0 tour :\n\n**\u2022** Dresser un bilan des activit\u00e9s de leurs zones d\u2019intervention ;\n\n**\u2022** Enum\u00e9rer les difficult\u00e9s auxquelles ils font face ;\n\n**\u2022** Proposer des solutions et autres voies de mitigation ;\n\n**\u2022** Et enfin adresser des recommandations pour la prochaine ann\u00e9e.\n\n\n**9.2.Sensibilisations communautaires et VA**\n\n|Th\u00e8mes|Homme Femme Fille Gar\u00e7on|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**La coexistence pacifique**|
30|
102|
110|
100|\n|**Hygi\u00e8ne**
|80|183|79|81|\n|**PE:** Les m\u00e9faits de la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation \u00e0 l'air libre des enfants,
protection des enfants contre le froid|97|155|114|96|\n|
**Risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements pendulaires**
|16|34|34|44|\n|**Importance de la documentation civile**|17|40|18|16|\n|**Total**|**240**
**514**
**355**
**337**|**240**
**514**
**355**
**337**|**240**
**514**
**355**
**337**|**240**
**514**
**355**
**337**|\n\n\n\nAu total, 1446 personnes, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et h\u00f4tes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es sur des th\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection, comme sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 dans\nle tableau ci-dessus. En effet, les s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation de masse ou en focus groupe ont touch\u00e9 240 hommes, 514 femmes,\n355 filles et 337 gar\u00e7ons.\nEn ce qui concerne les VAD, 921 m\u00e9nages de 3641 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 636 hommes, 983 femmes, 1053 filles\net 969 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**X. APPUI AUX PERSONNES A BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n|Col1|Homme|Femme|Fille|Gar\u00e7on|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|ALIMA/BEFEN|9
|49
|47
|31
|136|\n|APBE/CSI|02
|15
|15
|14
|
46|\n|SAVE THE CHILDREN
|00
|00
|02
|4
|
6
|\n|Ecoles primaires|00
|00
|13
|21
|
34|\n|
DRPE|
00
|
00
|
01
|
00
|
1|\n|DRC|06
|01
|01
|02
|
10|\n|Etat civil
|00
|00
|08
|06
|14|\n|TOTAL|**17**|**65**|**87**|**78**|
**247**|\n\n\n\nLes moniteurs de protection ont r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 vers les partenaires de r\u00e9ponses 247 personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques durant ce\nmois. Il s\u2019agit de 17 hommes, 65 femmes, 87 filles et 78 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**XI. BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont entre autres la distribution de vivres et l\u2019op\u00e9ration de cash dans\nles villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et d\u2019accueil des d\u00e9partements de Madarounfa et Guidan Roumdji, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9, en\nparticulier dans les villages d\u2019accueil, les AGR, la poursuite de l\u2019op\u00e9rations d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le renforcement\ndes RHU au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, la distribution des kits NFI et des abris dans les deux d\u00e9partements et la\nrelocalisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s vers les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n.\n\n\n**XIII. RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs
concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|renforcement des patrouilles des FDS dans les
d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa
avec un accent particulier sur les villages frontaliers,
|Toutes les communes des
deux d\u00e9partements, avec un
accent particulier au niveau
des postes frontaliers de Dan
Issa et Madarounfa
|-
FDS

|Le plus vite

|\n|Engager le processus de r\u00e9clamation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
omis, exclus sans raisons fond\u00e9es, absents \u00e0 cause
des soucis de sant\u00e9 ou des obligations morales et
sociales
|Chadakori et Guidan Roumdji
|\u2212
HCR-CNE


|Plus
vite
possible
|\n|Prendre davantage en charge les PDIs dans les
programmes d\u2019assistance ;
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Safo, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa


|-
Tous
les
acteurs

|Le plus vite
|\n|Etendre les zones de couverture des cliniques
mobiles et doter les centres de sant\u00e9 des villages
d\u2019accueil en m\u00e9dicaments.|D\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa|-
HCR-
Partenaire
s Sante|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Dotation en nattes, couverture, literie, sceaux,
chaussures, pull-overs pour les enfants.|Villages d\u2019accueil et villages
d\u2019oportunit\u00e9s|- Partenaire
s|Le plus vite|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge des PBS
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|-
DRC
|Le plus vite
|\n|Intensifier les sensibilisations sur les th\u00e9matiques
d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de l\u2019enfance, la coexistence
pacifique et les risques des mouvements pendulaires
pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|- Acteurs
monitoring
- Acteurs protection

|En continue
|\n|Mettre en place des EAE dans les villages d\u2019accueil
o\u00f9 ils n\u2019existent pas
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|-
Acteurs PE

|Le plus vite
|\n|P\u00e9renniser des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus au
profit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et populations h\u00f4tes, en vue
de leur autonomisation|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa|-
HCR
-
Partenaire
s|Le plus vite|\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRapport Mensuel de Monitoring de Protection | R\u00e9gion de Maradi | decembre 2022 Page 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b1609dda-64ca-4b94-b886-a2caacd5580a/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_decembre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_915/raw/doc_915_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_915/raw/doc_915_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3de6f07c4784be97aa680f4bfaf28820e32fffb3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_915/raw/doc_915_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Juillet 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n_Communes de Guidan Roumdji, Chadakori,_\n\n_Guidan Sori, Tibiri, Madarounfa, Dan Issa,_\n\n_Djirataoua, Gabi, Safo et Sarkin Yamma_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APERCU DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT SECURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nLe mois de juillet 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante dans les zones couvertes par le projet de monitoring\nde protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi. L\u2019on a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 une d\u00e9gradation du contexte s\u00e9curitaire, marqu\u00e9 par la multiplication\ndes incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) dans les villages situ\u00e9s le long de la fronti\u00e8re avec le Nig\u00e9ria. Au\ntotal, le syst\u00e8me de suivi a permis de rapporter 24 incursions arm\u00e9es dans les zones sous monitoring, contre 10 pour le mois\nde juin. Sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, l\u2019on a not\u00e9 l\u2019attaque \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e d\u2019un camion tomb\u00e9 en panne \u00e0 Guidan Roumdji, sur la route\nnationale (RN1) et des menaces prof\u00e9r\u00e9es par les GANE \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des exploitants des terres agricoles de certaines localit\u00e9s\nfrontali\u00e8res des communes de Gabi, Safo et Sarkin Yamma. Cette recrudescence des incursions semble marquer un retour\nen \u00ab vrai \u00bb des groupes arm\u00e9s dans les villages frontaliers des d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa, avec au\ncentre de leurs actions de multiples violations des droits humains. Cette situation cr\u00e9e un sentiment de psychose qui, \u00e0 termes\nrisque de compromettre les travaux champ\u00eatres, alors que la saison s\u2019annonce prometteuse. Au-del\u00e0, elle risque de r\u00e9duire\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans les zones affect\u00e9es.\n\n\nDe toute \u00e9vidence, la saison des pluies semble \u00eatre \u00e0 la faveur des GANE qui arrivent dans bien des cas \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper aux\npoursuites des forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS), du fait de l\u2019impraticabilit\u00e9 de certaines routes, le niveau des cultures et\nla d\u00e9fectuosit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique qui freinent la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des FDS. Notons dans la m\u00eame foul\u00e9e de la campagne hivernale que des pluies diluviennes se sont abattues sur la r\u00e9gion de Maradi au cours de ce mois. Dans les villages\nd\u2019accueil, plusieurs cas d\u2019inondations de maisons et champs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 enregistr\u00e9s, posant \u00e0 nouveau toute la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux logements, notamment pour les personnes sous mandat, en plus des autres besoins vitaux \u00e0 satisfaire.\nLa situation est d\u2019autant plus inqui\u00e9tante que la m\u00e9t\u00e9o nationale annonce de fortes pr\u00e9cipitations cette ann\u00e9e et plusieurs\nmaisons sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragilis\u00e9es dans les villages d\u2019accueil. Il est n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard d\u2019envisager l\u2019assistance qui sied afin\nd\u2019en limiter au mieux les cons\u00e9quences sur les populations.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois de juillet 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par :\n\n\n- La poursuite des incursions des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa\n\n\n- Une mont\u00e9e des vols de b\u00e9tails et enl\u00e8vements de personnes;\n\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations ;\n\n\n- L\u2019assistance humanitaire dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\nLe suivi des d\u00e9placements des populations a permis de relever trois (03) types de mouvements au cours du mois de juillet\n2022. Il s\u2019agit des nouveaux arrivants du Nigeria, des mouvements pendulaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et enfin les mouvements inter\nvillages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger.Retourn\u00e9s 35,659\n\n**a. Nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria13%**\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\nPour ce mois, 56 m\u00e9nages de 272 Nig\u00e9rians ont franchi la fronti\u00e8re pour chercher refuge au Niger, dans les communes de Dan 127,233\nIssa, Gabi, Guidan Roumdji, Jirataoua et Chadakori. Il s\u2019agit de 11 hommes, 55 femmes, 103 filles et 103 gar\u00e7ons en prove-D\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n104,588\n\nnance des communes de Jibia, relevant de l\u2019Etat de Katsina et Sabon Birni, relevant de l\u2019Etat de Sokoto. Ces mouvements **39%**\nsont en lien avec l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire, marqu\u00e9e par de multiples exactions des GANE dans leurs zones d\u2019origines. Il y\u2019a lieu\nde souligner que parmi ces nouveaux arrivants, certains (notamment ceux en provenance de Jibia, Etat de Katsina) \u00e9taient\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 en situation de d\u00e9placement interne dans leur propre pays ; mais du fait des conditions difficiles, ils ont d\u00fb converger vers\nle Niger pour chercher asile. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans les villages du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa o\u00f9 l\u2019assistance humanitaire\nreste tr\u00e8s insuffisante et les conditions d\u2019accueil laissent \u00e0 d\u00e9sirer en cette p\u00e9riode de pluies o\u00f9 la plupart des maisons qui\ntiennent encore sont fragilis\u00e9es.\n\n\n\nRetourn\u00e9s\n\n\n\n35,659\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n127,233\n\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n\n\n104,588\n\n\n\n**39%**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b.Mouvements pendulaires (allers et retours) des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\nMille-quarante-sept (1047) m\u00e9nages de 2428 personnes dont 226 hommes, 987 femmes, 636 filles et 579 gar\u00e7ons ont effectu\u00e9\nau cours de ce mois des mouvements pendulaires entre le Niger et le Nig\u00e9ria.\n\n\nConcernant les mouvements effectu\u00e9s en direction du Nig\u00e9ria, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 1033 personnes (97 Hommes, 377 femmes,\n281filles et 278 gar\u00e7ons) pour 392 m\u00e9nages. Ces mouvements sont partis des communes de Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji et Guidan\nSori \u00e0 destination des localit\u00e9s nig\u00e9rianes, issues majoritairement de la commune de Sabon Birni, dans l\u2019Etat f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9 de Sokoto.\nLa recherche de moyens de subsistance, les travaux champ\u00eatres et les \u00e9chos d\u2019une accalmie relative dans certaines localit\u00e9s\n(cas du village de Tabkin Hili) en sont les principaux motifs.\n\n\nQuant aux mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb, ils ont concern\u00e9 655 m\u00e9nages de 1395 personnes, \u00e0 savoir 129\nhommes, 610 femmes, 355 filles et 301 gar\u00e7ons. Une partie de ces mouvements a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e apr\u00e8s des visites \u00e0 des\nproches parents au Nig\u00e9ria ; tandis que d\u2019autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019occasion des diff\u00e9rentes distributions effectu\u00e9es au niveau\ndes villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et d\u2019autres encore en raison des menaces s\u00e9curitaires dans certaines localit\u00e9s (Araga, Garin Illa,\nBagarrera) issues de la commune de Sabon Birni (Etat de Sokoto). Les mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb, pour des\nraisons d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 reposent malheureusement toute la probl\u00e9matique des mouvements pendulaires en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et notamment\nla n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019accompagner les sensibilisations d\u00e9j\u00e0 faites sur la question par des actions d\u2019autonomisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00e0\nm\u00eame de les fixer dans le pays d\u2019asile, en attendant une stabilisation de la situation qui permettra l\u2019organisation de leur retour\npar les diff\u00e9rentes parties prenantes.\n\n\n**c.Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\nAu cours de ce mois, ce sont au total, 535 m\u00e9nages de 1000 personnes, soit, 206 hommes, 395 femmes, 196 filles et 203\ngar\u00e7ons qui ont effectu\u00e9 des mouvements entre villages d\u2019accueil d\u2019une part et entre villages d\u2019accueil et villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s\nd\u2019autre part. Dans un cas comme dans l\u2019autre, la recherche de moyens de subsistance via les travaux champ\u00eatres, les\ndiff\u00e9rentes op\u00e9rations d\u2019assistance et autres activit\u00e9s pouvant g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des revenus en sont la principale raison. Il faut pr\u00e9ciser\nque dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, ces mouvements sont partis des villages d\u2019accueil des communes de Guidan Roumdji, Tibiri et\nGuidan Sori.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**IV. INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, 41 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par les\n\u00e9quipes terrain. Ces incidents ont fait 101 victimes. Comparativement au mois de juin\n(qui a enregistr\u00e9 24 incidents), on constate une hausse des incidents qui ont quasiment doubl\u00e9. Cela s\u2019explique par la mont\u00e9e des incursions des GANE qui sont\npass\u00e9es de 10 en juin \u00e0 24 pour ce mois de juillet, avec plusieurs violations des droits\nhumains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un chiffre record jamais \u00e9gal\u00e9 depuis le d\u00e9but de\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e. Au rang des violations commises, quatre (04) types ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s, \u00e0 savoir :\n\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la propret\u00e9** : 22 incidents pour 52 victimes ;\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement** : 07 incidents pour 35 victimes ;\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie** : - 11 incidents pour 13\nvictimes\n\n- **Les violences sexuelles/VBG** : - 01 incident pour 01 victime.\n\n\nAvec un taux de 53, 65% pour 22 incidents de protection, les vols et extorsions de\nbiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les d\u00e9lits les plus commis durant ce mois de juillet 2022 dont 16 qui ont\nincrimin\u00e9s les GANE avec pour chef d\u2019accusation les vols de b\u00e9tails et 06 qui revient\naux inconnus, auteurs des vols de petits ruminants et autres biens. Les enl\u00e8vements\nde personnes ont constitu\u00e9 le deuxi\u00e8me type d\u2019incidents le plus commis. A hauteur de\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Evolution des Personnes enl\u00e8v\u00e9es**_\n_**janvier - juillet 2022 Maradi**_\n\n\n\n35\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|17
13
8 8
4
2|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||||\n\n\n\nJan-22 Feb-22 Mar-22 Apr-22 May-22 Jun-22 Jul-22\n\n\n_**Evolution des incidents**_\n_**janvier-juillet 2022 Maradi**_\n\n\n\n17,07%, tous les 07 incidents document\u00e9s ont mis en cause les GANE et ont priv\u00e9 35\npersonnes de leurs droits \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement. Quant aux agressions\nphysiques, elles maintiennent la m\u00eame proportion que les enl\u00e8vements, avec une\ndiff\u00e9rence en termes de victimes (08 victimes). A ce niveau, 03 des 07 incidents\ndocument\u00e9s ont encore mis en cause les GANE, responsables des coups et\nblessures volontaires inflig\u00e9s \u00e0 des civils. Les assassinats/meurtres avec 9,75% des\nincidents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 la quatri\u00e8me cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019incidents la plus document\u00e9e. Incriminant\nles GANE, ces crimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s dans les communes de Dan Issa, Tibiri et\nGabi. En ce qui concerne la r\u00e9partition des incidents par types de violations de droits,\nil a \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9 que celle relative \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9domine, avec 53,65% au compteur.\nLa violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie maintient la seconde place \u00e0\nl\u2019image du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, avec 26,82% des violations, soit 07 cas d\u2019agressions\nphysiques et 04 incidents de type assassinats/meurtres pour 11 violations au total.\nLes atteintes \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement repr\u00e9sentent 17,94% des violations et\noccupent le troisi\u00e8me rang des violations, devant les violences sexuelles dont un seul\ncas a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 au cours de ce mois en examen.\n\n\nLa lecture de la courbe \u00e9volutive des incidents de protection montre que le mois de\njuillet a \u00e9t\u00e9 la p\u00e9riode la plus touch\u00e9e depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. La r\u00e9surgence des\nincursions des GANE est le principal facteur explicatif de cette situation. Au cours de\nces diff\u00e9rentes incursions, 35 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s ; ce qui explique\n\u00e9galement la mont\u00e9e en fl\u00e8che de la courbe des personnes enlev\u00e9es. Assur\u00e9ment, la\nsaison des pluies semble \u00eatre propice aux actions des GANE, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les\nFDS sont dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas limit\u00e9es (\u00e0 cause de l\u2019impraticabilit\u00e9 de certaines\nroutes, la d\u00e9fectuosit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique qui retarde les alertes, le niveau des\ncultures qui permet aux GANE de se dissimuler plus facilement, etc.) dans les\npoursuites des assaillants. Il faut noter que 02 personnes enlev\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0\nlib\u00e9r\u00e9es par les GANE et 03 autres se sont \u00e9chapp\u00e9es. La ran\u00e7on totale pay\u00e9e par\nles parents des victimes s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 500 000 naira. Des n\u00e9gociations seraient en cours\npour la lib\u00e9ration d\u2019autres victimes. Il faut savoir que la collecte des fonds par les\nparents des victimes se fait essentiellement par la vente des biens (champs, b\u00e9tail,\nautres biens) et la contribution des proches parents. C\u2019est dire que les enl\u00e8vements\npaup\u00e9risent davantage les communaut\u00e9s en les privant de leurs principaux moyens\nd\u2019existence. D\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, c\u2019est leur bien-\u00eatre qui se trouve \u00eatre affect\u00e9.\n\n\nLa r\u00e9partition des victimes par statut montre que population h\u00f4te demeure la plus\ntouch\u00e9e par les incidents de protection au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous revue, avec une\nproportion de 84%, soit 85 victimes. Il y\u2019a lieu aussi de pr\u00e9ciser que 74 victimes\n(87,05%) l\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 du fait des exactions des GANE \u00e0 travers les vols de b\u00e9tail, assassinats, enl\u00e8vements et agressions physiques. Quatorze (14) des 101 victimes sont des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, toutes victimes de vols de b\u00e9tail et impliquant les\nGANE et 02 des victimes sont des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le constat qui se d\u00e9gage est qu\u2019\u00e0 la\ndiff\u00e9rence des populations h\u00f4tes et PDI, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des\nGANE. A ce niveau, les incidents rapport\u00e9s r\u00e9sultent des bagarres entre membres de\nla m\u00eame communaut\u00e9 au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori. En ce qui\nconcerne la r\u00e9partition des victimes par cat\u00e9gorie de personnes, il ressort que les\nhommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus impact\u00e9s par les incidents de protection au cours de ce mois\nde juillet. En effet, sur les 101 victimes document\u00e9es par le monitoring, 82 personnes\nsont de sexe masculin. En plus, l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 (72 victimes, soit 87,80%) a \u00e9t\u00e9\nvictime des GANE. Les femmes avec 07,92% s\u2019adjugent la seconde place comme\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|33 26 29 41|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|1|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24|25
18
26
29
24||\n|||||||||\n\n\n\nJan-22 Feb-22 Mar-22 Apr-22 May-22 Jun-22 Jul-22\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des victimes par**_\n_**statuts**_\n_**juillet 2022 Maradi**_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00e0 l\u2019accoutum\u00e9e, mais avec une baisse sensible comparativement au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\nqui a enregistr\u00e9 14 victimes. En outre, 05 des 08 femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement. Quant aux filles, elles ont constitu\u00e9 la troisi\u00e8me cat\u00e9gorie de victimes la plus\nimpact\u00e9e avec une marge de 06,93%, soit 07 filles qui se sont vu priver de leurs droits\n\u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement. La faible proportion revient enfin aux gar\u00e7ons avec 3,96%,\nsoit 04 victimes.\n\n\nPour ce mois en examen, 30 des 41 incidents enregistr\u00e9s sont imput\u00e9s aux GANE. Ils\nrestent de ce fait en t\u00eate de liste des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des violations, avec une\nproportion de 73,17%. 04 chefs d\u2019accusation, \u00e0 savoir les vols et pillages, les assassinats, les enl\u00e8vements ainsi que les agressions physiques les incriminent. On peut\naussi constater une hausse des violations commises par les GANE, comparativement\nau mois de juin o\u00f9 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 auteurs de 15 incidents de protection. Ceci t\u00e9moigne\nd\u2019une mont\u00e9e des actions des GANE durant ce mois-ci. Les personnes inconnues ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 auteures de 08 incidents sur les 41 enregistr\u00e9s, soit un taux chiffr\u00e9 de 19,51%.\nElles remontent \u00e0 la seconde place, contrairement au mois de juin o\u00f9 01 seul incident\nleur \u00e9tait imput\u00e9. Les membres des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont\ncommis moins de violations, avec respectivement 4,87% et 2,43% des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s des incidents du mois.\n\n\nLa commune de Tibiri \u00e9pargn\u00e9e durant le mois de juin 2022, se retrouve \u00eatre pour ce\nmois, la plus impact\u00e9e par les incidents de protection, avec 12 incidents au compteur\net un taux de 29, 26%. Onze (11) des 12 incidents de protection ont eu pour auteurs\nles GANE \u00e0 travers des extorsions de b\u00e9tail, assassinats/meurtres, enl\u00e8vements de\npersonnes et agressions physiques. La commune de Gabi, aussi moins impact\u00e9e\ndurant le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent (avec 02 incidents de protection) figure cette fois-ci parmi\nles zones les plus affect\u00e9es par les incidents de protection. Elle occupe la deuxi\u00e8me\nplace avec 19,51% des incidents du mois. Cependant, la commune de Safo qui \u00e9tait\nen t\u00eate de classement au cours du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent revient \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me place des\ncommunes les plus touch\u00e9es, avec 14,63% des incidents de protection contre 25%\ndurant le mois de juin. Notons que tous les incidents r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s ont incrimin\u00e9 les\nGANE avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9, des cas des extorsions de b\u00e9tail et d\u2019enl\u00e8vements. Quant \u00e0 la\ncommune de Guidan Roumdji, les 05 incidents enregistr\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019\u0153uvre de\npersonnes inconnues, coupables de coups et blessures volontaires, et de soustraction frauduleuse (extorsion de biens) d\u2019une part, mais aussi de d\u00e9ni de ressources\nd\u2019autre part. La commune de Dan Issa qui, durant le mois de juin occupait le\ndeuxi\u00e8me rang, est class\u00e9e \u00e0 la cinqui\u00e8me place, \u00e0 hauteur de 9,73% des incidents.\nElle maintient cependant la m\u00eame proportion que le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en termes d\u2019incidents. Il y\u2019a lieu de pr\u00e9ciser que ce sont les villages frontaliers, \u00e0 savoir Firdji et Kar\u00e9\n2 qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impact\u00e9s par les exactions des GANE, avec 01 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement, 01\nd\u2019assassinat, et 02 cas d\u2019extorsions de b\u00e9tail. Quant aux communes de Guidan Sori\net Sarkin Yamma, avec 2,43% des incidents pour chacune, elles se placent respectivement \u00e0 la 8\u00e8me et 9\u00e8me place, contrairement au mois de juin o\u00f9 elles se positionnaient respectivement au 5\u00e8me et 6\u00e8me rang. Cependant une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconstat\u00e9e entre les deux p\u00e9riodes, allant de 03 \u00e0 01 incidents pour chaque commune.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**V. PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANCE**\nContrairement au mois de juin, ce mois sous revue a enregistr\u00e9 un nombre important d\u2019enfants victimes de violations de droits.\nLa particularit\u00e9 est que tous les enfants identifi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement par les GANE. En plus, les communes de Tibiri\net Gabi qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus impact\u00e9es. Au total, onze (11) enfants victimes d\u2019enl\u00e8vement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s et par le monitoring pour ce mois, soit 10,89% du nombre total des victimes. Il s\u2019agit de 03 filles et 03 gar\u00e7ons \u00e0 Badaria (commune de Gabi),\n01 gar\u00e7on et 01 fille \u00e0 Rouggar Moussa, 02 filles et 01 gar\u00e7on \u00e0 Totsa (commune de Tibiri).\nPar ailleurs, plusieurs autres risques de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit entre autres de la n\u00e9gligence de certains parents, en\nce qui concerne leurs responsabilit\u00e9s parentales vis-\u00e0-vis de leurs enfants ; ce qui a pour cons\u00e9quence la mendicit\u00e9 accrue des\nenfants et le vagabondage \u00e0 longueur de journ\u00e9e dans la brousse, \u00e0 la recherche de la paille s\u00e8che ou au niveau des mares.\nC\u2019est pourquoi, en plus des sensibilisations men\u00e9es par les moniteurs sur le terrain, il est n\u00e9cessaire que les acteurs \u0153uvrant\ndans le domaine de la protection de l\u2019enfance mettent en place des programmes adapt\u00e9s pouvant contenir ou att\u00e9nuer cette\nprobl\u00e9matique pr\u00e9judiciable \u00e0 tous les coups pour les enfants.\n\n\n**VI. PREVENTION ET REPONSE AUX VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\nPour ce mois, un seul cas de la violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9. Il est en rapport avec une VBG de type d\u00e9ni de\nressources et de violence psychologique identifi\u00e9e au niveau du village de Batchaka, dans la commune de Guidan Roumdji.\nDans les faits, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une femme veuve, \u00e2g\u00e9e qui s\u2019est vu refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage de son d\u00e9funt mari, du fait qu\u2019elle n\u2019a\naucun enfant. Il est ressorti des entretiens r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avec cette derni\u00e8re qu\u2019elle fait l\u2019objet d\u2019insultes de la part des fr\u00e8res de son\nmari, chaque fois qu\u2019elle r\u00e9clame sa part et pire, elle serait menac\u00e9e d\u2019expulsion. Le cas a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 vers le partenaire DRC\npour une prise en charge.\nPar ailleurs, au niveau des villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, certains ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes pouvant conduire \u00e0 des violences bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre ou sexe de survie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9s par les moniteurs. Il s\u2019agit de la fr\u00e9quentation des femmes cheffes de m\u00e9nages\nau niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s par des hommes \u00e9trangers aux sites, les travaux effectu\u00e9s par certaines femmes\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9es dans des m\u00e9nages h\u00f4tes, au niveau des villages d\u2019accueil, les petits commerces des jeunes filles ou encore les\ntravaux champ\u00eatres auxquels certaines femmes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es et filles s\u2019adonnent, contre r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration, en cette p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 les\ncultures sont au stade de montaison. A ce niveau, la contribution des acteurs VBG est d\u2019une importance capitale pour r\u00e9duire\nces risques de violation des droits humains.\n\n\n**VI. MOBILISATION COMMUNAUTAIRE ET COEXISTENCE PACIFIQUE**\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9quipe monitoring a relev\u00e9 certaines situations qui peuvent nuire \u00e0 la coexistence pacifique entre communaut\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de\nla proc\u00e9dure de s\u00e9lection des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires des assistances de toute nature qui sont de plus en plus d\u00e9cri\u00e9es par les populations h\u00f4tes, estimant qu\u2019elles ne sont pas suffisamment prises en compte, voire un manque de transparence dans les ciblages.\nCet \u00e9tat de fait cumul\u00e9 aux mouvements pendulaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s avec l\u2019assistance per\u00e7ue cr\u00e9e de la frustration dans les\nm\u00e9nages d\u2019accueil et pourrait avoir un impact n\u00e9gatif sur l\u2019acceptance des personnes sous mandat. C\u2019est pourquoi, il importe\nque les acteurs de r\u00e9ponse clarifient en amont les proc\u00e9dures de ciblage afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les \u00e9ventuelles incompr\u00e9hensions et\nmauvaises interpr\u00e9tations qui, au-del\u00e0 du risque de porter un coup \u00e0 la coexistence pacifique peuvent ternir l\u2019image des interventions humanitaires.\n\n\n**VII.RENFORCEMENTS DES CAPACITES ET SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**a.Renforcements des capacit\u00e9s**\nLe 20 juillet 2022, l\u2019\u00e9quipe monitoring a particip\u00e9 une formation sur le monitoring de protection r\u00e9gionale, P21. Au cours de\ncette session dont l\u2019objectif est une meilleure prise en compte des pr\u00e9occupations des communaut\u00e9s, plusieurs points ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nabord\u00e9s : les objectifs de projet P21, les choix des villages, m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage, l\u2019identification des m\u00e9nages et des\ninformateurs cl\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**b.Sensibilisations communautaires et visite \u00e0 domicile (VAD)**\n\n|Th\u00e8mes|Homme|Femme|Fille|Gar\u00e7on|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Coexistence pacifique**|29
|48
|40
|37
|\n|**Hygi\u00e8ne**|137
|208
|213
|193
|\n|**Pr\u00e9vention contre le paludisme**
|57
|101|77|68|\n|**PE : M\u00e9faits du travail des enfants, de l\u2019utilisation des enfants**
**dans les travaux champ\u00eatres, les petits commerces, etc.**|
27
|55
|35
|43
|\n|**Risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements pendulaires**
|37
|69
|45
|47
|\n|**Apatridie : l\u2019importance des pi\u00e8ces d\u2019\u00e9tat civil**
|8
|11
|9
|11
|\n|**Logement, terre et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 : pr\u00e9vention des conflits fonciers**|38
|58
|75
|61
|\n|**SVBG (violence conjugale et agression sexuelle)**
|27
|32
|58
|49
|\n|**Total**|360|582|552|509|\n\n\n\nDeux mille trois (2003) personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par les s\u00e9ances de sensibilisation, au niveau des villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. En ce qui concerne les VAD, 982 m\u00e9nages de 3966 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 568 hommes, 1094\nfemmes, 1234 filles et 1070 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**VIII.APPUI AUX PERSONNES A BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n|Partenaire|H|F|Fi|G|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**ALIMA/BEFEN**
|18
|55
|36
|33
|142
|\n|**APBE/CSI**
|02
|05
|04
|01
|12
|\n|**Etat civil**
|0
|0
|4
|7
|11
|\n|**Total**|**20**|**60**|**44**|**41**|**165**|\n\n\n\nLes personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es au cours de ce mois de juillet 2022 sont constitu\u00e9es de 20 hommes, 60 femmes,\n44 filles et 41 gar\u00e7ons, pour un total de 165 personnes, toutes populations confondues.\n\n\n**IX.BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont, la distribution des vivres dans les villages d\u2019accueil du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9, notamment dans les villages d\u2019accueil, les AGR, la prise en charge des PBS,\nla poursuite des op\u00e9rations de l\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le renforcement des RHU au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s,\nla distribution des kits NFI et des abris dans le d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji et la relocation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s vers les\nvillages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**X.RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
Plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de CIMCCORD pour renforcer les
patrouilles des FDS ;
|
Gabi, Safo, Sarkin Yamma, Dan
Issa, Guidan Sori et Tibiri.
|
GTP /FDS

|En continue
|\n|Poursuite des op\u00e9rations d\u2019enregistrement
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa Madarounfa
et Chadakori.

|

HCR-CNE

|En continue
|\n|Reprendre le processus de relocalisation vers les
villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s
|
Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa



|

CNE-HCR-APBE

|Le plus vite

|\n|Etendre les zones de couverture des cliniques mobiles
et doter les centres de sant\u00e9 des villages d\u2019accueil en
m\u00e9dicaments.





|

D\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa

|
OMS, HCR, UNICEF,
COOPI,
APBE
et
ALIMA-


|

Le plus vite

|\n|Dotation
en
nattes,
couverture,
literie,
sceaux,
chaussures, pull-overs pour les enfants.
|
Villages d\u2019accueil
|HCR,
UNICEF
er
APBE

|
Le plus vite
|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge des PBS
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa

|

DRC

|Le plus vite
|\n|Intensifier les sensibilisations sur les th\u00e9matiques
d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de l\u2019enfance, la coexistence
pacifique et les risques des mouvements pendulaires
pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.
|


Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa

|

HCR, CIAUD

|En continue
|\n|Mettre en place des EAE dans les villages d\u2019accueil o\u00f9
ils n\u2019existent pas
|
Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa

|

UNICEF, HCR et SCI

|Le plus vite
|\n|Initier des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus au profit
des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et populations h\u00f4tes, en vue de leur
autonomisation
|

Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa

|

HCR et APBE

|Le plus vite
|\n|Augmenter la proportion de la population h\u00f4te dans les
diff\u00e9rents programmes de distribution.
|
Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa

|

PAM et ACF
|En continue
|\n|Mettre \u00e0 jour la liste des PBS utilis\u00e9e pour la distribution
de vivres qui ne prend pas en compte, dans la plupart
des villages d\u2019accueil, la majorit\u00e9 des PBS issus de la
v\u00e9rification physique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.
|


Tibiri|PAM et HCR|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/13b612db-7f53-4450-bd1b-f6b3483f241f/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_juillet_2022_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_916/raw/doc_916_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_916/raw/doc_916_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c594c2be2b9708274470bf7dd3625a42678b5519..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_916/raw/doc_916_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Novembre 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n_Communes de Guidan Roumdji, Chadakori,_\n\n_Guidan Sori, Tibiri, Madarounfa, Dan Issa,_\n\n_Djirataoua, Gabi, Safo et Sarkin Yamma_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APER\u00c7U DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode concern\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sent rapport, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par une diminution des incursions arm\u00e9es dans les zones couvertes par le projet de monitoring de protection dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi, comparativement\naux mois d\u2019octobre (25 incursions), septembre (34 incursions) et ao\u00fbt, (30 incursions) 2022. Nonobstant cela, les 19 incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE) enregistr\u00e9es ce mois-ci repr\u00e9sentent trois fois plus que celles rapport\u00e9es\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode.\n\n\nDu cot\u00e9 du Nigeria, les incursions des GANE se poursuivent dans les villages frontaliers. Selon des sources concordantes, ce\nmois encore, plusieurs localit\u00e9s des Etats f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s de Katsina et Sokoto ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019exactions des GANE. Cette situation\na d\u00e9j\u00e0 entrain\u00e9 des mouvements de populations (mouvements pendulaires et nouveaux arrivants) en direction du Niger. C\u2019est\ndire que la situation s\u00e9curitaire demeure fragile de part et d\u2019autre de la fronti\u00e8re ; toute chose qui r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit l\u2019espace de protection\npour les civils, en accentuant la psychose dans les villages.\n\n\nPar ailleurs, au cours de ce mois toujours, d\u2019importants mouvements pendulaires et inter villages de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. Pour l\u2019essentiel, ils sont en lien avec l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement et de v\u00e9rification des statuts de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en cours dans\nles villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Au-del\u00e0 des risques physiques que pr\u00e9sentent ces mouvements, notamment les mouvements\npendulaires vers des zones \u00e0 s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pr\u00e9caire et impr\u00e9visibles, les enfants sont particuli\u00e8rement affect\u00e9s en ce qu\u2019ils sont\nexpos\u00e9s aux intemp\u00e9ries du moment, tout comme leur scolarit\u00e9 est d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9e du fait d\u2019un absent\u00e9isme de plus en plus\nprononc\u00e9 et d\u00e9cri\u00e9 par les responsables d\u2019\u00e9tablissements.\n\nIl se trouve aussi que les personnes sous mandat vont devoir faire face, dans un futur proche, \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de leur habituelle assistance alimentaire qui passera de 5.500F cfa \u00e0 3.000F cfa par personnes et par mois ; tandis que les prix des\ndenr\u00e9es de premi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 connaissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une hausse en continu.\nEn outre, \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement et de v\u00e9rification des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de Garin\nkaka et Chadakori, il est ressorti que plusieurs centaines de personnes sous mandat ne seront plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par le gouvernement, apr\u00e8s que leurs statuts auront \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s par la CNE lors de l\u2019exercice. Au regard des plaintes\n\u00e9mises par plusieurs concern\u00e9s, il est \u00e0 craindre que beaucoup de personnes a besoin d\u2019une protection internationale r\u00e9elle\nne perdent ce statut ; ce qui risque de conduire en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 une aggravation de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes qui sont dans\nun besoin justifi\u00e9 d\u2019assistance et de protection.\nEnfin, l\u2019environnement de protection a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9maill\u00e9 au cours de ce mois sous revue par des cas de violences bas\u00e9es\nsur le genre (VBG) enregistr\u00e9s dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Ces incidents appellent de la part des acteurs \u00e0\nun examen plus approfondi des raisons de ces violences afin d\u2019ajuster le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant les assistances et les strat\u00e9gies de\nsensibilisation sur la question.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\nRetourn\u00e9s\n\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois de novembre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par : 35,659\n\n\n\n35,659\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n127,233\n\n\n\n\n- La poursuite des incursions des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa, causant diverses viola- 127,233\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\ntions de droits humains ; 104,588\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations, notamment pendulaires ; **39%**\n\n- La poursuite de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019identification et d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents sur le territoire de la r\u00e9gion ;\n\n- L\u2019assistance humanitaire dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s\n\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n\n\n104,588\n\n\n\n**39%**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\n**a.Nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria**\nIls sont 82 m\u00e9nages de 240 individus a effectu\u00e9 un mouvement du Nigeria vers le Niger. De fa\u00e7on d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9e, ils sont 21\nhommes, 80 femmes, 77 filles et 62 gar\u00e7ons. Ils proviennent principalement des villages des communes de Sabon Birni \u00e0\nSokoto et Jibia \u00e0 Katsina pour s\u2019installer respectivement dans la commune de Guidan Roumdji et celle de Dan Issa.\n\n\n**b.Mouvements pendulaires des refugi\u00e9s**\nRelativement aux mouvements pendulaires en aller tout comme au retour du Nig\u00e9ria, ce sont 1023 m\u00e9nages de 3250 individus\nque le monitoring est parvenu \u00e0 identifier.\nS\u2019agissant des mouvements pendulaires \u00ab aller au Nig\u00e9ria \u00bb, ils ont concern\u00e9 258 m\u00e9nages de 805 individus, soit 107 hommes,\n226 femmes, 248 filles et 224 gar\u00e7ons. Ils ont principalement quitt\u00e9 les communes de Guidan Roumdji et Chadakori, notamment les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s mais aussi la commune de Dan Issa. Deux principales raisons sont \u00e0 la base de ces mouvements. Il s\u2019agit du retour apr\u00e8s \u00e9cho d\u2019accalmie au niveau de leurs villages de d\u00e9part et du retour pour recherche de moyens\nde subsistance. En effet apr\u00e8s avoir perdu leur statut et au vu du retard que connait l\u2019assistance alimentaire, plusieurs\ncentaines de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ce retour, ne serait-ce que pour faire de la mendicit\u00e9 au niveau des gros centres nig\u00e9rians.\nSur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, 765 m\u00e9nages de 2445 individus ont d\u00fb regagner le Niger pour diverses raisons. Ils constituent le total\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvement pendulaire \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb. C\u2019est principalement l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui est \u00e0 la base de ce mouvement.\nEn effet, le nombre de groupes arm\u00e9s op\u00e9rant dans l\u2019\u00e9tat de Sokoto se serait accru avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de ceux op\u00e9rant \u00e0 Zamfara\npour cause d\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire. Cette op\u00e9ration n\u2019a fait que d\u00e9placer le probl\u00e8me, accentuant pour l\u2019heure le sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 Sabon Birni et Isa, deux grandes communes de l\u2019\u00e9tat f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9 de Sokoto \u2018\u2019pourvoyeuses\u2019\u2019 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger. Ils sont\n320 hommes, 656 femmes, 830 filles et 369 gar\u00e7ons. Ils ont pour la plupart rejoint leurs pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents villages d\u2019accueil dans la\ncommune de Guidan Roumdji et au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**c.Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\nMajoritairement au d\u00e9part des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, ils sont 276 hommes, 433 femmes, 402 filles et 371 gar\u00e7ons constituant\n604 m\u00e9nages de 1482 individus que les moniteurs de protection ont identifi\u00e9s comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvements inter villages.\nIl s\u2019agit d\u2019une part des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dont les statuts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s au cours de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019identification que m\u00e8ne la CNE au niveau\nde ces villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et d\u2019autre part, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s soumis \u00e0 une forte vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire, en raison du retard que\nconnait l\u2019assistance alimentaire. Pour l\u2019essentiel, ils ont quitt\u00e9 les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s pour ceux d\u2019accueil o\u00f9 mendicit\u00e9 et\ntravaux contre r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration sont accessibles.\n\n\n**d. D\u00e9placements internes**\nAvec la r\u00e9surgence de l\u2019activisme des GANE \u00e0 laquelle font face les villages frontaliers de la commune de Safo, 03 m\u00e9nages\nde 21 individus ont quitt\u00e9 leur village d\u2019origine de Namadj\u00e9 pour trouver refuge \u00e0 Rijiar Bagouari, dans la commune de Dan Issa.\nCe d\u00e9part fait suite \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d\u2019incursions arm\u00e9es dans cette zone qui constitue la limite entre les communes de Gabi, Sarkin\nYamma et Safo, toutes frontali\u00e8res d\u2019avec la for\u00eat de Babban Rafi, rep\u00e8re incontest\u00e9 des GANE. Il s\u2019agit de 02 hommes, 03\nfemmes, 09 filles et 07 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**e.Mouvements de retour des PDI dans leurs villages d\u2019origines (IDPs retourn\u00e9s)**\nL\u2019accalmie qu\u2019affiche le village de Hiyawa (commune de Gabi) a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la base du retour d\u201901 m\u00e9nage de 06 personnes dans\ncette localit\u00e9 dont 01 homme, 01 femme, 03 filles et 01 gar\u00e7on. Ils sont de retour apr\u00e8s plusieurs mois pass\u00e9s dans la commune\nde Jirataoua, havre de paix du d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "42 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au cours de ce mois. Compar\u00e9s aux mois\nd\u2019octobre (58 incidents de protection enregistr\u00e9s) et de septembre (71 incidents de\nprotection enregistr\u00e9s), on constate une large baisse des incidents pour ce mois de\nnovembre. Cependant, ces 42 incidents de protection ayant fait 77 victimes ont impact\u00e9\ntoutes les cat\u00e9gories de populations, \u00e0 travers diverses violations regroup\u00e9es en quatre\n(04) typologies, \u00e0 savoir :\n\n**\u2022 La violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 :** 17 incidents pour 38 victimes ;\n\n**\u2022 La violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie :** 13 incidents pour 19\nvictimes ;\n\n**\u2022 Les violences sexuelles/VBG :** 7 incidents pour 08 victimes.\n\n**\u2022 La violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement :** 5 incidents pour 12 victimes ;\n\n\nLes vols/extorsions de biens repr\u00e9sentent la typologie d\u2019incidents la plus enregistr\u00e9e au\ncours de ce mois, avec 17 \u00e9pisodes de vols/extorsions de biens, soit 40.47% du total\ndes incidents. Ils ont essentiellement \u00e9t\u00e9 commis par les GANE. Sur les 38 victimes de\nvol, 34 ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9s par des hommes arm\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de vols et extorsions\nde b\u00e9tail, seul bien qui reste encore aux populations dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, apr\u00e8s\ntrois ann\u00e9es d\u2019activisme des GANE. Le b\u00e9tail reste aussi le bien le plus subtile \u00e0 \u00eatre\nemport\u00e9, contrairement aux produits de culture (mil, ma\u00efs ou arachide).\n\n\nLa deuxi\u00e8me place en termes d\u2019incidents est occup\u00e9e par les agressions physiques. Ils\nconstituent 30.95 % des incidents du mois. Les GANE et la population civile (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nPDI et population h\u00f4te) se partagent \u00e0 92.30% la responsabilit\u00e9 de ce type d\u2019incident,\nsoit 06 chacun ; le treizi\u00e8me \u00e9tant attribu\u00e9 au FDS. Pour ce qui est des GANE, ils sont\nauteurs de coups et blessures pour intimider ou encore contraindre les r\u00e9sistants \u00e0\nleurs actions au d\u00e9sistement. Quant \u00e0 la population civile, il s\u2019agit surtout d\u2019incidents\nli\u00e9s \u00e0 des bagarres ou \u00e0 des agressions physiques de type VBG. Enfin, par rapport aux\nFDS, ils ont dans le cadre de l\u2019exercice de leur fonction tir\u00e9 sur deux membres de la\npopulation qui ont refus\u00e9 d\u2019obtemp\u00e9rer \u00e0 une halte ; il se trouve malheureusement qu\u2019il\ns\u2019agissait d\u2019un d\u00e9ficient auditif au volant de la moto qui n\u2019avait pas entendu l\u2019injonction.\n\nLe monitoring a identifi\u00e9 et document\u00e9 05 incidents de type enl\u00e8vement de personnes.\nIls ont exclusivement les GANE comme auteurs. Toutes les cat\u00e9gories de populations\nsont susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre impact\u00e9es pour peu qu\u2019elles se trouvent au mauvais endroit et\nau mauvais moment. Pour ce mois, sur les 12, trois (03) personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es\nsur une route marchande tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e, en pleine matin\u00e9e. Il s\u2019agit de la m\u00eame zone\no\u00f9 le responsable du centre de sant\u00e9 du village de Babban Rafi (Chanti\u00e9) a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9\nen d\u00e9cembre 2019, dans des conditions similaires. C\u2019est dire que le risque est omnipr\u00e9sent et les mouvements des humanitaires dans la zone doivent en tenir compte, \u00e0\ntravers le renforcement des analyses s\u00e9curitaires et de la coordination avec les FDS.\n\n\nRapport\u00e9s \u00e0 part \u00e9gale, les incidents de type assassinat/meurtre et les agressions\nsexuelles se chiffrent chacun \u00e0 02, soit 4.76% des incidents chacun. En d\u00e9but de mois,\nun septuag\u00e9naire, ayant refus\u00e9 l\u2019extorsion de son b\u00e9tail a \u00e9t\u00e9 abattu par les GANE \u00e0\nKounkouzou, dans la commune de Safo. Trois (03) semaines plus tard, c\u2019est au tour du\nvillage de Kodarodjia, dans la m\u00eame commune de connaitre une nuit macabre, avec 04\npersonnes d\u2019une m\u00eame famille assassin\u00e9es au cours d\u2019une incursion.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Courbe \u00e9volutive des incidents**_\n\n\n\n_**janvier - novembre 2022 Marad**_ i\n\n\n\n71\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nViolence psychologique, d\u00e9ni de ressources et viol constituent les incidents qui closent\nle tableau avec chacun 01 cas, soit 2.38% chacune des typologies d\u2019incidents. Pour le\ncas du viol, discut\u00e9 plus en d\u00e9tail dans la partie protection de l\u2019enfant, il a concern\u00e9 une\nfillette de moins de douze ans, d\u00e9ficiente mentale selon ses proches. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e\npar un quinquag\u00e9naire, membre de la population h\u00f4te qui s\u2019en est tir\u00e9 avec une amende\ncoutumi\u00e8re de 15.000 Naira (moins de 15.000 f CFA). Un r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait vers\nle partenaire DRC pour la prise en charge.\nS\u2019agissant du regroupement de ces incidents par typologies de violations, il fait ressortir\nune dominance de la violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, avec un taux chiffr\u00e9 \u00e0 40.47%. Elle\nest suivie de celle relative au droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 30.95%. Les\nVBG se positionnent au troisi\u00e8me rang avec 16.66%, devant les violations du droit \u00e0\nlibert\u00e9 de mouvement qui occupent la quatri\u00e8me place avec 11.90% des violations du\nmois.\n\n\nApr\u00e8s l\u2019ascendance fulgurante du troisi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, l\u2019\u00e9volution des\nincidents et des enl\u00e8vements dans les zones sous monitoring conna\u00eet une d\u00e9croissance\ntoute aussi fulgurante. L\u2019\u00e9cart est de 29 incidents entre septembre et novembre ; tandis\nque pour les m\u00eames mois les enl\u00e8vements sont pass\u00e9s de 52 personnes \u00e0 12, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus que les 09 personnes enlev\u00e9es en octobre dernier. L\u2019augure du mois dernier\nsur la possible aggravation des violations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civiles se concr\u00e9tise avec le\nmassacre de cinq (05) membre d\u2019une m\u00eame famille \u00e0 Kodorajia, dans la commune de\nSafo. Seule une personne a pu s\u2019en sortir vivante.\n\n\nDepuis le d\u00e9but de la crise, la cat\u00e9gorie de personnes la plus touch\u00e9e par les incidents\nreste et demeure les hommes. Pour ce mois aussi, ils n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9rog\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle statistique. 75.32% des victimes du mois sont des hommes. Ils sont 58 sur les 77 personnes\ndocument\u00e9es. Parmi eux, 50 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des GANE soit 86.20% ; 02\nautres ont vu leurs int\u00e9grit\u00e9s physiques atteintes lors d\u2019une op\u00e9ration militaire et enfin\nles 06 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soit victimes de voleurs inconnus, soit de leurs partenaires ou membres\nde familles.\nPour ce qui est des femmes, seconde cat\u00e9gorie, soit 20.77%, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pour la\nplupart victimes des GANE. 10 d\u2019entre elles ont effectivement souffert de l\u2019activisme des\nGANE, soit par vol/ extorsion de biens, soit par des actions d\u2019enl\u00e8vement contre ran\u00e7on.\nLes 06 restantes sont toutes victimes de VBG de type agression sexuelle, d\u00e9ni de\nressources et agression physique. Relativement \u00e0 l\u2019agression physique, il faut retenir\n\nqu\u2019elle a concern\u00e9 une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, avec une grossesse avanc\u00e9e qui s\u2019est vu\nmolest\u00e9e par un agriculteur autochtone, pour avoir r\u00e9colt\u00e9 des r\u00e9sidus de culture dans\nson champ. Cette situation, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019impact qu\u2019elle aurait pu avoir sur la coexistence\npacifique montre \u00e0 suffisance la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire dans laquelle v\u00e9g\u00e8tent les\npersonnes sous mandat.\n\n\nPour les deux filles victimes du mois, constituant 2.59%, elles ont pour l\u2019une \u00e9t\u00e9 victime\nde viol et pour l\u2019autre d\u2019agression physique. La premi\u00e8re, orpheline et d\u00e9ficiente mentale\na \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019une cinquantaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Sa prise en charge\nest en cours par le partenaire DRC.\nLe seul gar\u00e7on victime s\u2019est vu bless\u00e9 au cours d\u2019une bagarre dans une brousse proche\nde Takatsaba, dans la commune de Gabi. Les FDS bas\u00e9es dans la zone ont g\u00e9r\u00e9 l\u2019incident \u00e0 l\u2019amiable en obligeant l\u2019agresseur \u00e0 prendre en charge les soins m\u00e9dicaux de la\nvictime.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|52
41
33
29
25 26 24
18|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|58
42|Col11|Col12|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||||||||\n\n\n\n_**Courbe \u00e9volutive des Personnes**_\n_**enl\u00e8v\u00e9es**_\n_**janvier - novembre 2022 Maradi**_\n\n52\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|35
17 19
13
8 8
4 2|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|12
9|Col11|Col12|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||||||||\n\n\n\n_**R\u00e9partition des victimes par cat\u00e9gories**_\n_**novembre 2022**_\n\n\nFille 2\n\n\n\n\n\nR\u00e9partition des victimes par statuts\nnovembre 2022\n\n\nRetournee\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise, la cat\u00e9gorie de personnes la plus touch\u00e9e par les incidents\nreste et demeure les hommes. Pour ce mois aussi, ils n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9rog\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle\nstatistique. 75.32% des victimes du mois sont des hommes. Ils sont 58 sur les 77\npersonnes document\u00e9es. Parmi eux, 50 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des GANE soit\n86.20% ; 02 autres ont vu leurs int\u00e9grit\u00e9s physiques atteintes lors d\u2019une op\u00e9ration\nmilitaire et enfin les 06 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soit victimes de voleurs inconnus, soit de leurs partenaires ou membres de familles.\nPour ce qui est des femmes, seconde cat\u00e9gorie, soit 20.77%, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pour la\nplupart victimes des GANE. 10 d\u2019entre elles ont effectivement souffert de l\u2019activisme\ndes GANE, soit par vol/ extorsion de biens, soit par des actions d\u2019enl\u00e8vement contre\nran\u00e7on. Les 06 restantes sont toutes victimes de VBG de type agression sexuelle, d\u00e9ni\nde ressources et agression physique. Relativement \u00e0 l\u2019agression physique, il faut\nretenir qu\u2019elle a concern\u00e9 une femme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, avec une grossesse avanc\u00e9e qui s\u2019est\nvu molest\u00e9e par un agriculteur autochtone, pour avoir r\u00e9colt\u00e9 des r\u00e9sidus de culture\ndans son champ. Cette situation, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019impact qu\u2019elle aurait pu avoir sur la\ncoexistence pacifique montre \u00e0 suffisance la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 alimentaire dans laquelle\nv\u00e9g\u00e8tent les personnes sous mandat.\n\n\nPour les deux filles victimes du mois, constituant 2.59%, elles ont pour l\u2019une \u00e9t\u00e9 victime\nde viol et pour l\u2019autre d\u2019agression physique. La premi\u00e8re, orpheline et d\u00e9ficiente mentale a \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9e par une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019une cinquantaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Sa prise en\ncharge est en cours par le partenaire DRC.\nLe seul gar\u00e7on victime s\u2019est vu bless\u00e9 au cours d\u2019une bagarre dans une brousse\nproche de Takatsaba, dans la commune de Gabi. Les FDS bas\u00e9es dans la zone ont\ng\u00e9r\u00e9 l\u2019incident \u00e0 l\u2019amiable en obligeant l\u2019agresseur \u00e0 prendre en charge les soins m\u00e9dicaux de la victime.\n\n\nPour ce mois, Dan Issa prend la t\u00eate du classement de la r\u00e9partition des incidents par\ncommune. 10 des 42 incidents soit 23.80% se sont deroul\u00e9s au niveau des villages\nfrontaliers de cette commune. Dan Tamand\u00e9, Kar\u00e9, Maidapbaro et Kandamaou pour\nne citer que ceux-ci en sont les villages touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit essentiellement d\u2019incidents\nattribu\u00e9s aux GANE avec des violations typiques en liens avec le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9,\nle droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique ainsi que le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement.\n19.04% des incidents revient \u00e0 la commune de Tibiri. A ce niveau \u00e9galement, ce sont\nles GANE qui sont les plus cit\u00e9s comme auteurs. Les communes de Gabi avec 07\nincidents et Safo 06 incidents, suivent avec respectivement 16.66% et 14.28%. Si pour\ncelle de Gabi, ce sont les GANE, les membres de la population h\u00f4te et les PDI qui sont\ncit\u00e9s comme auteurs, \u00e0 Safo qui occupe la quatri\u00e8me place, tous les incidents rapport\u00e9s sont l\u2019oeuvre des GANE. Les assassinats/meurtres rapport\u00e9s au cours du mois s\u2019y\nsont deroul\u00e9s dans cette commune. La commune de Chadakori se voit class\u00e9e au\n5eme rang avec 05 incidents, soit 11.90%. Il s\u2019agit essentiellement d\u2019incidents de type\ncommunautaire : agression physique et d\u00e9ni de ressources. La commune de Madarounfa a \u00e9t\u00e9 la moins impact\u00e9e durant ce mois. Un seul incident y a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**V.Protection de l\u2019enfant**\n\n\nLes incidents de protection pour ce mois de novembre 2022 ont fait 03 enfants victimes dont 02 filles et 01 gar\u00e7ons. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019incidents de type communautaires. Partant du plus grave, l\u2019on retrouve le cas de viol perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 sur une fille de 12 ans, orpheline et\nd\u00e9ficiente mentale, originaire du village d\u2019accueil de Doumingada (commune de Gabi), par une quinquag\u00e9naire autochtone dudit\nvillage.\n\n\nLe second cas concerne un gar\u00e7on PDI qui s\u2019est fait agresser au couteau pour avoir r\u00e9colter des r\u00e9sidus de culture dans un\nchamp appartenant \u00e0 un autochtone de Takatsaba (commune de Gabi). L\u2019agresseur, fils du propri\u00e9taire du champ a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint\npar la gendarmerie \u00e0 prendre en charge les frais m\u00e9dicaux aff\u00e9rents \u00e0 la prise en charge de la victime.\nLe dernier cas est celui d\u2019une fille r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019agression physique de la part d\u2019un cong\u00e9n\u00e8re au niveau du village\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori. L\u2019affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019administration du site.\n\n\nIl faut noter d\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale que malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s (mendicit\u00e9, travaux contre r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration, insuffisance des espaces\namis des enfants, etc) auxquelles sont expos\u00e9s les enfants, les actions pos\u00e9es par les acteurs humanitaires allant dans le sens\nde l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de leur environnement de protection sont \u00e9normes et m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre appr\u00e9ci\u00e9es \u00e0 leur juste valeur. On peut\nretenir pour ce mois, la distribution des friperies aux m\u00e9nages par le HCR dans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, la distribution en cours\nde 4.000 kits scolaires par le partenaire NRC. Garin Kaka et Chadakori ont re\u00e7u chacun 552 kits, 509 autres kits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la\ndisposition du village de Souloulou.\n\n\n**VI.Pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9ponse aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG)**\n\n\nLe nombre de victimes de VBG est pass\u00e9 de 04 pour le mois d\u2019octobre 2022 \u00e0 08 pour celui de novembre 2022. Cette augmentation vient rappeler que le r\u00e8glement \u00e0 l\u2019amiable ou la conciliation ne sont pas une panac\u00e9e pour la r\u00e9solution des VBG. En effet,\nles villages de Doumingada et Daourawa dans la commune de Gabi reviennent dans la liste des lieux de commission du viol et\nautres agressions sexuelles. Tout comme le mois dernier, le village de Doumingada a enregistr\u00e9 le seul cas de viol identifi\u00e9 par\nle monitoring. Un viol d\u2019une rare cruaut\u00e9 commis sur une fillette de 12 ans, orpheline, en plus d\u00e9ficiente mentale, qui a connu un\nr\u00e8glement \u00e0 l\u2019amiable contre 15.000 naira vers\u00e9e par l\u2019agresseur aux tuteurs de la survivante. Ce n\u2019est que suite \u00e0 l\u2019aggravation\ndes douleurs physiques et autres souffrances que les tuteurs ont consenti \u00e0 une prise en charge de protection. Le cas a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9\nvers le partenaire DRC.\n\n\nTrois (03) autres incidents d\u2019agression sexuelle ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans la commune de Gabi. Pour le premier cas, c\u2019est\nun jeune d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, originaire de Maidokoki, qui a agress\u00e9 sexuellement une femme PDI r\u00e9sident \u00e0 Daourawa, de\nretour du champ. Apr\u00e8s un farouche d\u00e9battement, elle a pu s\u2019extirper des griffes de son agresseur avant de porter l\u2019affaire devant\nla chefferie traditionnelle. L\u2019affaire s\u2019est sold\u00e9e par une amende coutumi\u00e8re.\nLe second, pratiquement similaire au premier cas s\u2019est aussi d\u00e9roul\u00e9 en plein brousse. Deux femmes PDI, install\u00e9es \u00e0 Maidokoki\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9es par des jeunes \u00e9leveurs issus du village de Daourawa. Fort heureusement, elles ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9chapper et \u00e0\nporter l\u2019affaire devant un tribunal coutumier.\nOutre les cas de viol et agression sexuelle, trois (03) autres survivantes de VBG de type agression physique et 01 cas de d\u00e9ni de\nressources ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s par le monitoring au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori. Les trois cas d\u2019agression sexuelle\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, apr\u00e8s consentement vers les partenaires DRC et APBE pour une prise en charge.\n\n\n**VII.MOBILISATION COMMUNAUTAIRE ET COEXISTENCE PACIFIQUE**\n\n\nDans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, le volet coexistence pacifique entre communaut\u00e9s n\u2019a connu de probl\u00e8mes majeurs\nqui pourraient constituer une source de pr\u00e9occupation. Les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s cohabitent pour ainsi dire en symbiose,\nmalgr\u00e9 les vicissitudes de la vie. Toutefois, il sied noter un fait observ\u00e9 dans certains villages d\u2019accueil qui pourrait constituer une\nsource \u00e9vidente de conflits. Il s\u2019agit du mouvement des \u00e9leveurs nomades dans les champs, alors m\u00eame que la date officielle de\nla lib\u00e9ration des champs est fix\u00e9e au 31 d\u00e9cembre, \u00e0 travers un arr\u00eat\u00e9 minist\u00e9riel. Cet \u00e9tat de faits peut donner lieu et c\u2019est\nsouvent le cas, \u00e0 des conflits ouverts et meurtriers entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs. Dans un contexte d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9 par des\nm\u00e9fiances vis-\u00e0-vis d\u2019une ethnie dont les membres sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre le plus de connivence avec les GANE, la vigilance\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00eatre de mise pour \u00e9viter un basculement vers la violence. Il va s\u2019en dire que tous les m\u00e9canismes doivent \u00eatre activ\u00e9s afin que\nl\u2019on n\u2019arrive pas aux mains. Pour ce qui est du monitoring, au-del\u00e0 des sensibilisations faites par les moniteurs sur ce sujet, toutes\nles s\u00e9ances de formations avec les leaders et structures communautaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0 profit pour passer des messages de\nsensibilisation \u00e0 cette fin. Mais la sensibilisation doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u00e9tendue aux \u00e9leveurs afin que la prise de conscience soit\nr\u00e9elle de part et d\u2019autre ; ce qui permettra de pr\u00e9venir des situations de conflits pr\u00e9judiciables \u00e0 toutes les parties et qui affectent\nle vivre ensemble au niveau communautaire.\n\n\n**VIII.RENFORCEMENTS DES CAPACITES ET SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**8.1.Renforcements des capacit\u00e9s**\n\n\nDurant le mois de novembre, CIAUD a entrepris une s\u00e9rie de formations et de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des leaders\ncommunautaires des villages d\u2019accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur entre autres la protection internationale, le monitoring de protection, le monitoring des flux migratoires ainsi que la coexistence pacifique.\n\n\n**8.1.1.Atelier de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur la protection internationale et les m\u00e9ca-**\n**nismes de protection**\nLe 30 novembre s\u2019est tenue dans l\u2019enceinte de la salle des r\u00e9unions de la mairie de Guidan Roumdji, une deuxi\u00e8me session de\nrenforcement des capacit\u00e9s des FDS et autorit\u00e9s communales sur la protection internationale et les m\u00e9canismes de protection.\nCette fois ci, ce sont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019op\u00e9ration \u00ab Farouatar Bouchia \u00bb, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la Compagnie Mobile de Contr\u00f4le des\nFronti\u00e8res (CMCF), les maires et chefs de canton des communes de Guidan Sori et Chadakori qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 convi\u00e9s. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019atelier par le pr\u00e9fet du d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji, plusieurs pr\u00e9sentations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites successivement par le\nHCR (sur la protection internationale), la direction r\u00e9gionale de la police (sur le r\u00f4le des FDS dans la protection des civils) et le\nCIAUD (sur le monitoring). Les pr\u00e9sentations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivies de d\u00e9bats fort int\u00e9ressants entre mod\u00e9rateurs et participants d\u2019une\npart et entre participants d\u2019autre part. Des \u00e9changes fructueux ont eu lieu, notamment sur les mouvements de populations, en\nparticulier les mouvements pendulaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la probl\u00e9matique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9/collaboration entre FDS et civils, etc. Au\ntotal, ils sont 22 participants, FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales \u00e0 prendre part \u00e0 cet atelier.\n\n\n**8.1.2.Formation des leaders communautaires des villages du d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n**sur la protection internationale et le monitoring de protection.**\nAu cours de ce mois, trois (03) sessions de formation des leaders communautaires des villages accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9es par CIAUD dans l\u2019enceinte des salles de r\u00e9unions des mairies de Gabi, Guidan Sori et de la croix rouge de Guidan\nRoumdji. Au total 75 leaders communautaires issus des villages des communes de Dan Issa, Madarounfa, Gabi, Guidan Sori,\nTibiri et Guidan Roumdji ont pris part \u00e0 ces sessions de formation, soit 25 villages touch\u00e9s en raison de trois (03) participants par\nvillage. Sur les soixante-quinze (75) participants, 25 sont des femmes leaders, 25 repr\u00e9sentants des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et 25 chefs de\nvillages. La protection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, internationale, le monitoring de protection, la protection de l\u2019enfant, les violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre, l\u2019importance du signalement des incidents de protection et des mouvements de populations et les personnes \u00e0 besoin\nsp\u00e9cifiques tels sont les th\u00e9matiques sur lesquelles un aper\u00e7u a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 aux participants lors de ces renforcements de capacit\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**8.2.Sensibilisations communautaires et VA**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Th\u00e8mes|Homme Femme Fille Garcon|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**La coexistence pacifique**|
73|

110|
108|
87|\n|**Hygiene**
|102|194|214|161|\n|**PE: importance de l'\u00e9cole et de**
**la scolarisation**
|295
|294|387|365|\n|
**Risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements**
**pendulaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**
|
97|203|185|169|\n|
**SVBG(violence conjugale)**


|49|53|83|83|\n|**Importance**
**de**
**l\u2019op\u00e9ration**
**d\u2019enregistrement**
**et**
**de**
**v\u00e9rification**
|87|243|76|68|\n|
|||||\n|**Total**
|**703**
**1097**
**1053**
**933**|**703**
**1097**
**1053**
**933**|**703**
**1097**
**1053**
**933**|**703**
**1097**
**1053**
**933**|\n\n\n3786 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es sur des th\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection comme sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 dans le tableau. En effet, les s\u00e9ances\nde sensibilisation via les focus groupe et autres approches communautaires ont touch\u00e9 703 hommes, 1097 femmes, 1053 filles\net 933 gar\u00e7ons. En ce qui concerne les VAD, 1183 m\u00e9nages de 4350 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 652 hommes, 1166\nfemmes, 1337 filles et 1195 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**IX. APPUI AUX PERSONNES A BESOINS SPECIFIQUES (PBS)**\n\n|Col1|Homme|Femme|Fille|Gar\u00e7on|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|ALIMA/BEFEN|**21**|**92**|**63**|**51**|**227**|\n|APBE/CSI|**8 **|**19**|**14**|**16**|**57**|\n|SAVE
THE
CHILDREN|||**2 **|**4 **|**6 **|\n|Ecoles primaires|||**58**|**36**|**94**|\n|DRPE|**0 **|**1 **|**0 **|**0 **|**01**|\n|DRC|**0 **|**2 **|**2 **|**0 **|**4 **|\n|Etat civil
|||**3 **|**10**|**13**|\n|Total
|**29**|**114**|**141**|**117**|**401**|\n\n\n\nLes moniteurs de protection ont r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 vers les partenaires de r\u00e9ponses 401 personnes \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques. Il s\u2019agit de 29\nhommes, 114 femmes, 141 filles et 117 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**X BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont, la distribution des vivres et l\u2019op\u00e9ration de cash dans les villages\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et d\u2019accueil des d\u00e9partements de Madarounfa et Guidan Roumdji, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9, en particulier dans\nles villages d\u2019accueil, les AGR, la prise en charge des PBS, la poursuite des op\u00e9rations de l\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le\nrenforcement des RHU au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, la distribution des kits NFI et des abris et la relocalisation des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s vers les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**XI RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs
concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Plaider pour le renforcement des
patrouilles des FDS dans les
d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et
Madarounfa ;
|Toutes les communes des deux
d\u00e9partements, avec un accent
particulier au niveau des postes
frontaliers de Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|FDS
|Le plus vite
|\n|Engager le processus de r\u00e9clamation
des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s omis, exclus sans raisons
fond\u00e9es, absents \u00e0 cause des soucis de
sant\u00e9 ou des obligations morales et
sociales
|Chadakori et Guidan Roumdji
|HCR-CNE
|Plus vite possible
|\n|Prendre davantage en charge les PDIs
dans les programmes d\u2019assistance ;
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Safo, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|Tous les acteurs
|Le plus vite
|\n|Etendre les zones de couverture des
cliniques mobiles et doter les centres de
sant\u00e9 des villages d\u2019accueil en
m\u00e9dicaments.
|D\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji
et Madarounfa
|HCR-Partenaires
Sante
|Le plus vite
|\n|Dotation en nattes, couverture, literie,
sceaux, chaussures, pull-overs pour les
enfants.
|Villages d\u2019accueil et villages
d\u2019oportunit\u00e9s
|Partenaires
|Le plus vite
|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge des PBS
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|DRC
|Le plus vite
|\n|Intensifier les sensibilisations sur les
th\u00e9matiques d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de
l\u2019enfance, la coexistence pacifique et les
risques des mouvements pendulaires
pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|Acteurs monitoring
Acteurs protection
|En continue
|\n|Mettre en place des EAE dans les
villages d\u2019accueil o\u00f9 ils n\u2019existent pas
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|Acteurs PE
|Le plus vite
|\n|P\u00e9renniser des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de
revenus au profit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et
populations h\u00f4tes, en vue de leur
autonomisation
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|HCR
Partenaires
|Le plus vite
|\n|Augmenter la proportion de la
population h\u00f4te dans les diff\u00e9rents
programmes de distribution.
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|PAM, Autres acteurs
intervenants dans les
distributions
|En continue
|\n|Redynamiser les comit\u00e9s de plainte afin
de leur permettre d\u2019accomplir leurs
t\u00e2ches de mani\u00e8re efficace.
|Sur les communes de
d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa et
Guidan Roumdji.|PAM, autres acteurs
de distribution et de
cash|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dacc66be-cb71-4221-b573-091380b2290c/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_novembre_2022_v2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_917/raw/doc_917_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_917/raw/doc_917_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index a7a66a3a785c1474fa8be64df323c24e6dffc2d6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_917/raw/doc_917_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### **Octobre 2022**\n# **MONITORING DE** **PROTECTION**\n\n_Communes de Guidan Roumdji, Chadakori,_\n\n_Guidan Sori, Tibiri, Madarounfa, Dan Issa,_\n\n_Djirataoua, Gabi, Safo et Sarkin Yamma_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**I. APER\u00c7U DE L\u2019ENVIRONNEMENT S\u00c9CURITAIRE ET DE PROTECTION**\n\n\nSur la p\u00e9riode couvrant ce rapport, le contexte s\u00e9curitaire est rest\u00e9 pr\u00e9occupant dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi ; m\u00eame si l\u2019on a\nassist\u00e9 \u00e0 une baisse des incursions des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques (GANE), passant de 34 en septembre \u00e0 25 pour ce mois\nd\u2019octobre 2022. En effet, la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du mois a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus calme, apr\u00e8s le revers essuy\u00e9 par les GANE, \u00e0 la suite de\nl\u2019incursion de Garantchin Narey, dans la commune de Gabi, le 03 octobre dernier, au cours de laquelle une dizaine de GANE\nauraient \u00e9t\u00e9 neutralis\u00e9s lors de la poursuite engag\u00e9e par les forces de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (FDS).\n\n\nD\u2019autres facteurs pourraient \u00e9galement expliquer cette baisse des attaques arm\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit notamment du d\u00e9gagement des\nchamps de culture, apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte ou encore la reprise des activit\u00e9s des groupes d\u2019autod\u00e9fense qui \u00e9taient inactifs pendant\nla saison pluvieuse du fait du non-fonctionnement de leurs arm\u00e9s traditionnelles (mousquets). Ces derniers ont d\u2019ailleurs par\nleur riposte, tenu en \u00e9chec 05 incursions au cours de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du mois ; p\u00e9riode au cours de laquelle les GANE se\nsont particuli\u00e8rement illustr\u00e9s par des attaques nocturnes et en journ\u00e9e, d\u00e9montrant ainsi leur impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9.\n\n\nIl faut noter que l\u2019attaque pour la premi\u00e8re fois d\u2019un poste frontalier de police, dans la commune de Madarounfa, intervenue le\n31 octobre, au cours de laquelle 03 policiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 froidement assassin\u00e9s marque un tournant majeur dans la situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui s\u00e9vit dans la r\u00e9gion de Maradi. Ce type d\u2019attaque in\u00e9dit qui peut s\u2019analyser comme une affirmation de la capacit\u00e9\nde nuisance des GANE change \u00e0 jamais la carte s\u00e9curitaire et appelle \u00e0 une vigilance accrue du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires\nqui pourraient aussi \u00eatre une cible potentielle. Pendant ce temps, les populations civiles des villages frontaliers dont le sommeil\nd\u00e9pend de la pr\u00e9sence des FDS dans les zones sont davantage plong\u00e9es dans l\u2019angoisse.\n\n\nSur un tout autre plan, il convient de pr\u00e9ciser que la r\u00e9vision \u00e0 la baisse de la liste des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du cash transfert servant\nde ration alimentaire, continue d\u2019impacter l\u2019environnement de protection dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, en\naccentuant les mouvements pendulaires et inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019une part et \u00e0 travers le renforcement de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9\ndes m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables, d\u2019autre part.\n\n\nAu plan protection toujours, notons que ce mois a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par le lancement de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019enregistrement et de v\u00e9rification physique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents sur le territoire de la r\u00e9gion. Plusieurs r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se plaignent d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus et\nmanifestent un sentiment de m\u00e9contentement par rapport \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure utilis\u00e9e. A ce niveau, la vigilance de la part des\ndiff\u00e9rents acteurs engag\u00e9s de cet exercice doit \u00eatre de rigueur afin de s\u2019assurer que toutes les personnes \u00e0 besoin de protection internationale sont r\u00e9ellement enregistr\u00e9es pour que la jouissance de leur droit d\u2019asile soit effective.\n\n\n**II. CONTEXTE OPERATIONNEL**\n\n\n\nLe contexte op\u00e9rationnel du mois d\u2019octobre 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par\n\n- La poursuite des incursions des GANE dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa, causant diverses violations de droits humains ;Retourn\u00e9s\n\n35,659\n\n- La poursuite des mouvements de populations ; **13%**\n\n- Le d\u00e9marrage de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019identification et d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pr\u00e9sent sur le territoire de la r\u00e9gion ; R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n127,233\n\n- L\u2019assistance humanitaire dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.D\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n\n\nRetourn\u00e9s\n\n\n\n35,659\n\n\n\n**13%**\n\n\n\nR\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\n127,233\n\n\n\nD\u00e9plac\u00e9s Internes **47%**\n\n\n\n104,588\n\n**39%**\n\n**III. MOUVEMENTS DE POPULATIONS**\n\n\n**a.Nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria**\nLes nouveaux arrivants du Nig\u00e9ria se chiffrent \u00e0 24 m\u00e9nages de 103 individus. Il s\u2019agit principalement des nig\u00e9rians originaires\nde la commune de Sabon Birni (\u00e9tat f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9 de Sokoto), frontali\u00e8re d\u2019avec la commune de Guidan Roumdji et de Jibia (\u00e9tat\nf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9 de Katsina) frontali\u00e8re des communes de Dan Issa et Madarounfa. Malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9gression constat\u00e9e, comparativement\naux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents mois (169 individus en septembre et 272 ao\u00fbt) il n\u2019en demeure pas moins que les \u00e9chos du fort activisme des\nGANEdu c\u00f4t\u00e9 nig\u00e9rian de la fronti\u00e8re sont courants. Les d\u00e9placements internes, la r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ainsi que les\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es aux conditions d\u2019accueil dans les villages nig\u00e9riens ne sont pas \u00e9trangers \u00e0 cette baisse.\nCe sont au total 05 hommes, 25 femmes, 38 filles et 35 gar\u00e7ons que les moniteurs de protection ont identifi\u00e9 comme nouveaux\narrivants au cours de ce mois, avec comme motif principal l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux GANE.\n\n\n**b.Mouvements pendulaires des refugi\u00e9s**\nLa situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvements pendulaires fait \u00e9tat de 1397 m\u00e9nages de 4450 individus. En mouvements pendulaires \u00ab allers au Nig\u00e9ria \u00bb, ce sont 501 m\u00e9nages de 1588 individus dont 84 hommes, 441 femmes, 545 filles et 518 gar\u00e7ons,\nqui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 comptabilis\u00e9s provenant des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et pour deux raisons. D\u2019abord, ceux qui quittent pour rejoindre\nleurs villages d\u2019origines affichants une relative accalmie ; ensuite ceux qui quittent parce qu\u2019ils ont perdu leur droit \u00e0 l\u2019assistance\nhumanitaire apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 exclu par la CNE du fait de leur absence prolong\u00e9e des sites. L\u2019un comme l\u2019autre, ces mouvements\nfaussent la planification des acteurs pour les activit\u00e9s d\u2019assistance et de protection, tout comme ils risquent de compromettre\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des candidats, sachant que les GANE sont toujours actifs au Nig\u00e9ria.\n\n\nLe flux des mouvements pendulaires \u00ab retour au Niger \u00bb, \u00e0 savoir 896 m\u00e9nages de 2862 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (247 hommes, 826 femmes,\n859 filles et 930 gar\u00e7ons) dont une part importante des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui s\u2019y adonnent avance des raisons d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 montre que\nl\u2019accalmie dans leurs zones d\u2019origines reste pr\u00e9caire et n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 de longue dur\u00e9e. C\u2019est pourquoi, les moniteurs de protection font de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique des sensibilisations sur les risques s\u00e9curitaires des mouvements pendulaires afin de booster\nla prise de conscience et dissuader les potentiels candidats \u00e0 ces mouvements. Mais ces actions de sensibilisation auront\ndavantage d\u2019\u00e9chos favorables si tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, dans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s sont enregistr\u00e9s et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient\nr\u00e9ellement d\u2019appuis n\u00e9cessaires et \u00e0 temps pour la satisfaction de leurs besoins primaires, voire pour leur autonomisation.\n\n\n**c.Mouvements inter villages des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Niger**\nNeuf cent dix (910) m\u00e9nages de 2233 individus (constitu\u00e9s de 245 hommes, 752 femmes, 669 filles et 567 gar\u00e7ons), c\u2019est le\nnombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en mouvements inter villages enregistr\u00e9 durant ce mois d\u2019octobre. Lorsqu\u2019ils sont identifi\u00e9s au d\u00e9part des\nvillages d\u2019accueil, c\u2019est dans l\u2019optique de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019assistance au niveau des centres de distribution, notamment des\nvillages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Au contraire, lorsqu\u2019ils sont identifi\u00e9s au d\u00e9part de ceux d\u2019opportunit\u00e9, c\u2019est soit apr\u00e8s avoir b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9\nde l\u2019assistance ou pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus de la liste des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, \u00e0 la demande de la CNE, pour cause de non r\u00e9sidence\npermanente sur le site. La fr\u00e9quence de ce type de mouvement, \u00e0 l\u2019image des mouvements pendulaires compromet la scolarit\u00e9\ndes enfants r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Sur ce point, il importe de pr\u00e9ciser que les acteurs \u0153uvrant dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, au m\u00eame\ntitre que les moniteurs de protection d\u00e9ploient beaucoup d\u2019efforts en termes de sensibilisations pour que le droit des enfants \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9ducation soit respect\u00e9 ; mais aussi pour \u00e9viter d\u2019exposer ces derniers \u00e0 des risques physiques et autres risques li\u00e9s aux\nmouvements.\n\n\n**d. D\u00e9placements internes**\nLa r\u00e9surgence des incursions des GANE dans la commune de Dan Issa, notamment au niveau du village de Kar\u00e9 2 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la\nbase du seul d\u00e9placement interne du mois. 06 m\u00e9nages de 25 individus dont 02 hommes, 06 femmes, 10 filles et 07 gar\u00e7ons\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au d\u00e9part de de Kar\u00e9 2, dans la commune de Dan Issa pour celui de Firdji dans la m\u00eame commune. Pour\nrappel, le village de Firdji malgr\u00e9 sa proximit\u00e9 avec la fronti\u00e8re nig\u00e9riane est un village d\u2019accueil de PDI en cause de la pr\u00e9sence\nd\u2019un poste militaire permanent.\n\n\n**e.Mouvement de retour PDI (IDPs retourn\u00e9s)**\nApr\u00e8s une longue p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9placement interne au niveau de Kar\u00e9 2, les m\u00e9nages originaires de Maidokoki, dans la\ncommune de Gabi, venus se r\u00e9fugier aupr\u00e8s des leurs, ont, suite au monitoring de la situation s\u00e9curitaire qu\u2019ils font, d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de\nregagner le bercail qui semble renouer avec l\u2019accalmie depuis un certain temps. Ils sont 07 hommes et 04 gar\u00e7ons, tous des\n\u00e9leveurs \u00e0 observer ce retour avec leurs b\u00e9tails. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis par un autre m\u00e9nage lui aussi pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment en d\u00e9placement\ninterne au niveau du chef-lieu de commune de Jirataou. Au total, ce sont 08 m\u00e9nages de 08 hommes, 01 femme, 02 filles et 04\ngar\u00e7ons qui ont observ\u00e9 ce type de mouvement.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Les incidents de protection pour ce mois d\u2019octobre 2022 se chiffrent \u00e0 58 (contre 71\npour le mois de septembre 2022). L\u2019on constate une baisse, comparativement au mois\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. 100 victimes (contre 139 identifi\u00e9es en septembre dernier) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es par les moniteurs au cours de la p\u00e9riode couvrant la r\u00e9daction du pr\u00e9sent rapport.\nEn termes de violations des droits de l\u2019Homme, 04 types ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es par le\nmonitoring. Il s\u2019agit de :\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9** : 29 incidents pour 60 victimes ;\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la vie** : 19 incidents pour 27\nvictimes ;\n\n- **La violation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de mouvement** : 06 incidents pour 09 victimes;\n\n- **Les violences sexuelles/VBG** : 04 incidents pour 04 victimes.\n\n\nLes vols et extorsions de biens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les incidents les plus enregistr\u00e9s et document\u00e9s\npar le monitoring au cours de ce mois sous revue et ce \u00e0 hauteur de 48,27%. Ces types\nd\u2019incidents ont fait 59 victimes, soit 59% des 100 victimes identifi\u00e9es au cours de cette\np\u00e9riode en examen. 10 des 28 incidents de cette nature ont incrimin\u00e9 les GANE \u00e0\ntravers les vols de b\u00e9tail et autres extorsions de biens et ont priv\u00e9 47 individus de leurs\ndroits \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. En ce qui concerne les agressions physiques, elles ont pris l\u2019ascendant sur les enl\u00e8vements et deviennent la seconde cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019incidents la plus\ndocument\u00e9e, avec une marge de 27,58% ; contrairement au mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent o\u00f9 elles\noccupaient la troisi\u00e8me place. Elles r\u00e9sultent en grande partie d\u2019incidents mineurs\nenregistr\u00e9s au niveau communautaire (bagarre, violence domestique, etc\u2026) ; les\nGANE n\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s que dans 04 des 16 incidents de protection. Quant aux\nenl\u00e8vements de personnes, ces incidents ont chut\u00e9 \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me place avec un taux\nde 10,34%, soit 06 incidents de protection pour 09 individus priv\u00e9s de leurs droits \u00e0 la\nlibert\u00e9 de mouvement. En faisant une br\u00e8ve comparaison avec le mois de septembre\n2022 (52 victimes), il est constat\u00e9 une baisse consid\u00e9rable en termes de victimes.\nSelon certaines autorit\u00e9s locales, cette baisse des enl\u00e8vements et m\u00eame des\nincursions, notamment dans certaines zones, pourrait \u00eatre li\u00e9e au red\u00e9ploiement et/ou\nle renforcement du dispositif s\u00e9curitaire ; mais aussi de la reprise des activit\u00e9s des\ngroupes d\u2019auto-d\u00e9fense (cas des communes de Tibiri et Gabi), apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de\nlatence pendant la saison des pluies. Au rang des incidents document\u00e9s, figurent les\ncas d\u2019assassinats/meurtres, avec 5,17% soit 03 cas de d\u2019assassinats/meurtres dont 02\nau second degr\u00e9, attribu\u00e9s aux GANE.\nAu titre des violations de droits de l\u2019homme, celle \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 reste pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante\navec un taux chiffr\u00e9 \u00e0 50%, suivie de celle relative au droit \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et \u00e0 la\nvie cot\u00e9e \u00e0 32,75%. Les violations du droit \u00e0 libert\u00e9 de mouvement se positionnent au\ntroisi\u00e8me rang avec une marge de 10,34%, devant les VBG qui occupent 6,89% des\nviolations du mois.\n\n\nPour ce mois, les courbes \u00e9volutives des incidents de protection et des personnes\nenlev\u00e9es, affichent une d\u00e9croissance remarquable. A priori, c\u2019est un signe de la baisse\ndes violations des droits humains et notamment des incursions arm\u00e9es. Ces courbes\ncachent en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une disparit\u00e9 dans la mesure o\u00f9 le contexte s\u00e9curitaire reste pr\u00e9occupant. D\u2019ailleurs, la r\u00e9cente attaque du poste de police frontalier de Dabira, dans la\ncommune de Madarounfa pourrait \u00eatre un signe annonciateur d\u2019autres actions d\u2019envergure qui pourraient impacter les civils.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "quatri\u00e8me place tout comme le mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec cependant, une diff\u00e9rence d\u2019un incident comparativement \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Aussi, 05 des 06 incidents ont pour auteurs les GANE tandis que 01 cas de vol attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 des inconnus \u00e0 aussi \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9. Quant \u00e0 Dan Issa, cette commune est surclass\u00e9e cinqui\u00e8me avec 05 incidents de protection et une marge de 08,62%,\ncontrairement au mois de septembre o\u00f9 elle occupait la huiti\u00e8me place des communes les plus touch\u00e9es. Notons dans ce cas\npr\u00e9cis que ce sont les villages frontaliers qui ont beaucoup plus \u00e9t\u00e9 impact\u00e9s. 03 incidents sont attribu\u00e9s aux GANE, tandis que\n02 ont mis en cause des personnes inconnues et des membres de la communaut\u00e9. Les faibles proportions reviennent aux communes de Chadakori avec 5,17% pour 03 incidents, Jiratoua avec 3,44% pour 02 incidents et Tibiri avec 1,72%, soit 01 incident\nde protection enregistr\u00e9. A la diff\u00e9rence des communes de Chadakori et Jiratoua, l\u2019incident rapport\u00e9 dans la commune de Tibiri\nest l\u2019\u0153uvre des GANE, tandis que pour les deux autres, ce sont des civils qui sont auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s.\n\n\n**V. PROTECTION DE L\u2019ENFANT**\n\n\nContrairement au mois de septembre qui a enregistr\u00e9 31 enfants victimes de violations, pour ce mois les \u00e9quipes de monitoring\nont rapport\u00e9 et document\u00e9 neuf (09) enfants (02 filles et 07 gar\u00e7ons) victimes de violations de droits. De fa\u00e7on sp\u00e9cifique, il s\u2019agit\nde 07 cas d\u2019agressions physiques dans les communes de Guidan Sori, Guidan Roumdji et Chadakori, 01 cas d\u2019agression\nsexuelle dans la commune de Gabi et 01 cas d\u2019enl\u00e8vement dans la commune de Dan Issa. 04 des 09 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes\ndes GANE ; tandis que les 05 autres sont victimes des membres de la population h\u00f4te et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nPour ce qui est des 07 enfants victimes d\u2019agressions physiques, il s\u2019agit de 02 cas identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 Tsoula (commune de Guidan Sori)\ndont les auteurs sont des GANE, 01 cas \u00e0 Kabra perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par un membre de la famille, 01 cas identifi\u00e9 \u00e0 Dan Dadji Makao, 01 \u00e0\nFourra Guirk\u00e9, dans la commune de Guidan Roumdji et enfin 01 cas au niveau du village d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de Chadakori, (commune\nde Chadakori). En ce qui concerne les deux filles, l\u2019une est victime d\u2019enl\u00e8vement \u00e0 Kar\u00e9 2 (commune de Dan Issa) par les GANE\net l\u2019autre victime d\u2019une agression sexuelle \u00e0 Doumingada (commune de Gabi) par un membre de la communaut\u00e9. S\u2019agissant\npr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment du cas d\u2019agression sexuelle, les parents de la survivante n\u2019ont pas consenti pour un r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement ; n\u00e9anmoins le\ncas a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la direction d\u00e9partementale de la promotion de la femme et de la protection de l\u2019enfant de Madarounfa.\nDans les villages d\u2019accueil et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, les \u00e9quipes monitoring ont relev\u00e9 des cas n\u00e9gligence des parents \u00e0 envoyer leurs\nenfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole du fait de leur utilisation dans les travaux de r\u00e9colte et autres activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus. Ceci prouve qu\u2019il\ny\u2019a une corr\u00e9lation entre l\u2019\u00e9ducation des enfants et la situation \u00e9conomique des parents. C\u2019est pourquoi, il importe de travailler\nconcomitamment sur l\u2019autonomisation des parents et d\u2019intensifier les sensibilisations afin que les enfants puissent jouir de ce droit\nfondamental qui participe au renforcement de leur protection.\n\n\n**VI.PREVENTION ET REPONSE AUX VIOLENCES BASEES SUR LE GENRE (VBG)**\n\n\nA l\u2019image du mois pass\u00e9, 04 personnes victimes de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es au cours de ce mois\nd\u2019octobre. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une fille victime d\u2019agression sexuelle, trois femmes dont l\u2019une victime d\u2019agression sexuelle, une victime\nd\u2019agression physique et une autre victime de d\u00e9nis de ressources dans les communes de Guidan Roumdji et Gabi. Faute de\nconsentement, seulement 02 des 04 victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es vers les partenaires de prise en charge.\nIl faut noter que les deux cas ayant consenti pour un r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019assistance. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cas de violence\nphysique perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par un homme sur sa conjointe et un cas de d\u00e9ni de ressources identifi\u00e9. Les deux cas non consentants pour\nun r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9r\u00e9 au niveau coutumier. Comme on peut le constater \u00e0 travers ces cas, le travail \u00e0 faire reste \u00e9norme\npour amener les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019importance des services d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par les acteurs de protection, notamment les\nacteurs \u0153uvrant dans le domaine des VBG, pour les survivants (es).\n\n\n**VII.MOBILISATION COMMUNAUTAIRE ET COEXISTENCE PACIFIQUE**\n\n\nPour ce mois, m\u00eame si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas enregistr\u00e9 des conflits ouverts de nature \u00e0 affaiblir la cohabitation pacifique entre communaut\u00e9s ; il a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9anmoins constat\u00e9 une mont\u00e9e de l\u2019expression de la lassitude des populations h\u00f4tes dans certains villages\nd\u2019accueil, vis \u00e0 vis des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et ce, du fait d\u2019une pr\u00e9tendue insuffisance dans la prise en compte des m\u00e9nages h\u00f4tes, dans les\ndiff\u00e9rents programmes d\u2019assistance et du refus des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de partager l\u2019assistance re\u00e7ue avec les m\u00e9nages d\u2019accueil. Relativement \u00e0 cette situation, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 au cours de la p\u00e9riode couvrant ce rapport, des cas d\u2019expulsion de m\u00e9nages refugi\u00e9s au\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "niveau de certains villages d\u2019accueil (\u00e0 l\u2019image de celui de Tankama).\nCet \u00e9tat de fait confirme l\u2019existence d\u2019un malaise qui doit \u00eatre trait\u00e9 avec toute la d\u00e9licatesse requise. Pour ce faire, il importe de\nremettre en question la proportion attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 la population h\u00f4te lors des op\u00e9rations d\u2019assistance, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant revoir les\nm\u00e9thodes de ciblage des diff\u00e9rents partenaires en s\u2019assurant que les m\u00e9nages h\u00f4tes vuln\u00e9rables, notamment ceux ayant\naccueilli des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont r\u00e9ellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s ; tout comme les acteurs humanitaires doivent am\u00e9liorer la communication en\namont et en aval des op\u00e9rations d\u2019assistance.\nDans un tout autre volet, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9 des risques de conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs dans les d\u00e9partements de Guidan\nRoumdji et Madarounfa, li\u00e9s aux d\u00e9g\u00e2ts occasionn\u00e9s par le passage des animaux dans les champs. D\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0, des plaintes\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9es par certains propri\u00e9taires de champs, notamment au niveau des villages de Chirgu\u00e9 (commune de Gabi) et de\nMoull\u00e9 Saboua (commune de Safo), suivies de menaces \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des \u00e9leveurs. Les sensibilisations doivent \u00eatre intensifi\u00e9es\nsur le respect de la date de lib\u00e9ration des champs fix\u00e9 par les instances du code rural. Dans cet esprit, la contribution des commissions fonci\u00e8res communales et d\u00e9partementales (COFOCOM & COFODEP), de m\u00eame que celle des leaders communautaires et des comit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention des conflits existants au niveau des villages demeurent essentielles.\n\n\n**VIII.RENFORCEMENTS DES CAPACITES ET SENSIBILISATIONS COMMUNAUTAIRES**\n\n\n**1.Renforcements des capacit\u00e9s**\nDurant le mois d\u2019octobre, CIAUD a entrepris une s\u00e9rie de formations et de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des leaders\ncommunautaires, FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur entre autres la protection internationale, le monitoring de protection, le monitoring\ndes flux migratoires ainsi que la coexistence pacifique.\n\n\n**Image 1, 2 & 3 :** Aper\u00e7u de l\u2019atelier de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des F & autorit\u00e9s locales, Une vue du d\u00e9roulement des\nsessions de Safo et Aper\u00e7u des sensibilisations dans le village de Garin Kaka\n\n\n**a.Atelier de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales sur la protection internationale et les m\u00e9canismes**\n**de protection**\nApr\u00e8s Madarounfa le 29 septembre dernier, ce sont les FDS et les autorit\u00e9s locales du d\u00e9partement de Guidan Roumdji qui ont\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un renforcement de capacit\u00e9s sur la protection internationale et les m\u00e9canismes de protection. Cette session s\u2019est\ntenue dans la salle des r\u00e9unions de la mairie de Guidan Roumdji et a vu la participation de 22 FDS et autorit\u00e9s locales. Les\nth\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la protection internationale, le r\u00f4le des FDS dans la protection des civils, le monitoring des flux migratoires\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voqu\u00e9es.\n\n\n**b.Formation des leaders communautaires des villages accueillant des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes du d\u00e9partement de**\n**Madarounfa sur la protection, le monitoring de protection et la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes**\nAu cours de ce mois, deux sessions de formation des leaders communautaires des villages accueillant des PDI ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es\npar CIAUD dans l\u2019enceinte des salles de r\u00e9unions de la mairie de Safo et de la direction d\u00e9partementale du Plan de Madarounfa.\nAu total 48 leaders communautaires issus des villages des communes de Safo, Dan Issa, Djirataoua, Gabi et Madarounfa ont\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "pris part \u00e0 ces sessions de formation, soit 18 villages touch\u00e9s en raison de trois (03) participants par village. Sur les quarante-huit\n(48) participants, 16 sont des femmes leaders, 16 repr\u00e9sentants des PDI et 16 chefs de villages. Avec les participants, un tour\nd\u2019horizon a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait sur les diff\u00e9rents aspects de la protection (y compris la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es), du monitoring et\nde la coexistence pacifique entre communaut\u00e9s, en plus des th\u00e9matiques de protection de l\u2019enfant et des VBG.\n\n\n**c.Sensibilisations communautaires et VAD**\nUn total de 3434 personnes touch\u00e9es par les sensibilisations dont 616 hommes, 1012 femmes, 948 filles et 858 gar\u00e7ons. Les\nth\u00e8mes d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s : coexistence pacifique, hygi\u00e8ne dont corporelle et environnementale, protection de l\u2019enfant avec un accent\nsur l\u2019importance de la scolarisation des enfants, risques li\u00e9s aux mouvements pendulaires, GBV (avec un accent conjugal) et\nimportance de la v\u00e9rification physique des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9sident dans les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9.\nEn ce qui concerne les VAD, 944 m\u00e9nages de 3804 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agit de 584 hommes, 1100 femmes, 1144 filles\net 976 gar\u00e7ons.\n\n\n**IX.BESOINS PRIORITAIRES**\n\n\nLes besoins prioritaires des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et PDI pour ce mois sont, la distribution des vivres dans les villages d\u2019accueil du d\u00e9partement\nde Madarounfa, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9, notamment dans les villages d\u2019accueil, les AGR, la poursuite des op\u00e9rations de\nl\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le renforcement des RHU au niveau des villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s, la distribution des kits NFI et des\nabris dans les deux d\u00e9partements et la relocalisation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9s vers les villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s.\n\n\n**X. RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Recommandations|Communes/d\u00e9partements|Acteurs concern\u00e9s|Ech\u00e9ance|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|renforcement des patrouilles des FDS dans les
d\u00e9partements de Guidan Roumdji et Madarounfa
avec un accent particulier sur les villages
frontaliers, notamment ceux des communes de
Gabi, Safo, Sarkin Yamma, Dan Issa, Guidan
Sori et Tibiri.




|**1.**
Toutes les communes des deux
d\u00e9partements, avec un accent
particulier au niveau des postes
frontaliers de Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|-
FDS

|Le plus vite
|\n|Poursuivre
l\u2019op\u00e9ration
de
v\u00e9rification
et
d\u2019enregistrement des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
Madarounfa et Chadakori.
|-
HCR-CNE-
partenaire


|En continue
|\n|Prendre davantage en charge les PDI dans les
programmes d\u2019assistance ;
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori, Gabi, Safo, Dan Issa et
Madarounfa
|-
Tous
les
acteurs

|Le plus vite
|\n|Reprendre le processus de relocalisation vers les
villages d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa


|-
CNE-HCR-
Partenaires

|Le plus vite
|\n|Etendre les zones de couverture des cliniques
mobiles et doter les centres de sant\u00e9 des villages
d\u2019accueil en m\u00e9dicaments.|D\u00e9partements
de
Guidan
Roumdji et Madarounfa|-
HCR-
Partenaires
Sante|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Dotation en nattes, couverture, literie, sceaux,
chaussures, pull-overs pour les enfants.|Villages d\u2019accueil et villages
d\u2019oportunit\u00e9s|- Partenaires|Le plus vite|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prise en charge des PBS
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|-
DRC
|Le plus vite
|\n|Intensifier les sensibilisations sur les th\u00e9matiques
d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne,
la
protection
de
l\u2019enfance,
la
coexistence
pacifique et les risques des
mouvements pendulaires pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.




|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|- Acteurs monitoring
- Acteurs protection
|En continue
|\n|Electrifier
les
villages
d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s
afin
d\u2019accroitre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection sur les sites
|
Chadakori et Guidan Roumdji
|HCR

|Le plus vite
|\n|Mettre en place des EAE dans les villages
d\u2019accueil o\u00f9 ils n\u2019existent pas
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|-
Acteurs PE

|Le plus vite
|\n|P\u00e9renniser des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus
au profit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, PDI et populations h\u00f4tes,
en vue de leur autonomisation
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa
|-
HCR
-
Partenaires
|Le plus vite
|\n|Augmenter la proportion de la population h\u00f4te
dans les diff\u00e9rents programmes de distribution.
|Tibiri, Guidan Roumdji, Guidan
Sori,
Gabi,
Dan
Issa
et
Madarounfa



|PAM, Autres acteurs
intervenants dans les
distributions
|En continue
|\n|Redynamiser les comit\u00e9s de plainte afin de leur
permettre d\u2019accomplir leurs t\u00e2ches de mani\u00e8re
efficace.|Sur
les
communes
de
d\u00e9partement de Madarounfa et
Guidan Roumdji.|PAM, autres acteurs
de distribution et de
cash|Le plus vite|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/eb551350-c222-4aaa-8f0d-2796a6860ef4/rapport_mensuel_monitoring_de_protection_de_la_region_de_maradi_au_niger_octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_918/raw/doc_918_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_918/raw/doc_918_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b7758190dde38a6554b80af912e3a1914e6df924..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_918/raw/doc_918_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# _GT CCCM_ _PLAN DE CONTINGENCE COVID 19 n\u00b0 2 du 23/04/2020_\n\nRESUME STRATEGIQUE\n\n\nDepuis d\u00e9cembre 2019, la Chine et le reste du monde connaisse une crise sanitaire sans\npr\u00e9c\u00e8dent avec la d\u00e9couverte du Coronavirus (Covid-19). Cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e en\nmars 2020 comme une pand\u00e9mie mondiale car plus de 90 pays dans le monde en sont\nmaintenant affect\u00e9s. On enregistre plus de 6000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s. La forte mobilit\u00e9 des populations a\naccru la propagation de la maladie. Face \u00e0 cette pand\u00e9mie, la RDC, a l\u2019instar de la plupart des\npays africains, la RDC vient de fermer ses fronti\u00e8res et \u2018l\u2019isolement\u2019 de la capitale Kinshasa\n(\u00e9picentre de la maladie) avec le reste du pays.\n\n\nLa RDC, a enregistr\u00e9 le premier cas confirm\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa le 10 mars 2020. A ce jour, cinq provinces\n(Kinshasa, Sud-Kivu, Nord-Kivu, Ituri et Kwilu) et un total de 163 zones de sant\u00e9 (ZS) sont affect\u00e9es.\nKinshasa constitue, \u00e0 ce stade, l\u2019\u00e9picentre de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie avec la majorit\u00e9 des cas confirm\u00e9s (338)\ncontre 4 cas au Sud-Kivu, 5 cas au Nord-Kivu, 2 en Ituri et 1 au Kwilu dont 25 d\u00e9c\u00e8s et 35 gu\u00e9ris. Ce\nqui pourrait aggraver l\u2019\u00e9volution de la maladie dans le pays, quand on connait le niveau\nsanitaire qui pr\u00e9vaut. Le Nord Kivu vient de limiter ses mouvements avec le Sud Kivu \u00e0 partir\nde ce mercredi 1er Avril 2020. Alors que la Province de l\u2019Ituri, ayant enregistr\u00e9 2 cas\nconfirm\u00e9s, a limit\u00e9 le mouvement avec les autres provinces voisines au 5 avril 2020.\n\n\nPour r\u00e9duire une expansion de la maladie dans le NK et dans la Province de l\u2019Ituri, encore\nsous l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie \u00e0 virus Ebola, les autorites locales, \u00e0 Goma et \u00e0 Bunia ont depuis entrepris\ndes consultations avec les partenaires humanitaires et \u00e9tatiques pour la mise en place de\nmesures restrictives et protectrices contre la Pand\u00e9mie COVID 19. Pour rappel, au NK et en\nIturi, on assiste \u00e0 la recrudescence des conflits arm\u00e9s par la traque des forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res sur\nles groupes arm\u00e9s, les conflits intercommunautaires et les conflits fonciers qui occasionnent\nles nombreux mouvements pendulaires des populations.\n\n\nOn enregistre officiellement 86 sites officiels reconnus (22 dans le NK, 64 en Ituri sous la\ncoordination du HCR et de l\u2019OIM). A cela, il faut noter que la majorit\u00e9 des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es se trouve encore dans les familles d\u2019accueil qui sont de plus en plus vuln\u00e9rables\npar la dur\u00e9e que prend d\u00e9placement et l\u2019ampleur des crises arm\u00e9es. Notons aussi de\nnombreux mouvements de populations qui fragilise les r\u00e9ponses humanitaires en termes\nd\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et d\u2019impact.\n\n\nIl faut aussi noter que, lors de la crise sanitaire (MVE) qui a touch\u00e9 le Nord Kivu et l\u2019Ituri en\n2018 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour, les deux provinces n\u2019ont pas enregistr\u00e9 officiellement de cas au niveau\ndes sites de d\u00e9placement. Malheureusement, aucune statistique n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 disponibilis\u00e9 sur\nl\u2019impact de la MVE sur les populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en dehors des sites de d\u00e9placement. La\ncrise sanitaire actuelle pourrait ne pas \u00e9pargner les sites. Un suivi de pr\u00e8s de la situation de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans les sites et en familles d\u2019accueil devrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9 dans le plan\nde riposte contre le COVID 19 au niveau Provincial et National \u00e9ditant des mesures\nsp\u00e9cifiques tenant compte de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.\n\n\nUne attention particuli\u00e8re est donc requise autour de la probl\u00e9matique des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es en sites et hors sites.\n\n\nSITUATION ACTUELLE\n\n\nLa gestion des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es reste un d\u00e9fi majeur pour la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire mais\naussi pour les autorit\u00e9s locales. La gestion des sites de d\u00e9placement a brill\u00e9 par une faible\nimplication des autorit\u00e9s. On annonce une non-assistance de certains d\u2019entre eux depuis plus\nde 5 ans dans la Province du Nord Kivu, alors que les sites nouvellement ouverts et ceux\nayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de 3 ans d\u2019existence en Ituri sont sans assistance significative. Malgr\u00e9 la\npr\u00e9sence des gestionnaires et administrateurs de sites, on note une faible r\u00e9ponse des\nprestataires des services, les faibles r\u00e9ponses et/ou non coordonn\u00e9es des acteurs\nhumanitaires.\n\n\nEn cons\u00e9quence, les besoins sont \u00e9normes avec des r\u00e9ponses estim\u00e9es \u00e0 environ 10 %,\nmajoritairement faites par le HCR et OIM comme prestataires de dernier recours. C\u2019est un\ngap consid\u00e9rable qui pourrait affecter la r\u00e9ponse que nous voulons mettre en place face \u00e0 la\npand\u00e9mie Coronavirus.\n\n\nPour y arriver, l\u2019implication des autorit\u00e9s et le plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des bailleurs de fonds reste\nprimordiale. La communaut\u00e9 humanitaire doit \u00eatre aussi pr\u00e9sente dans la r\u00e9ponse tout\ncomme la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9e et les familles h\u00f4tes.\n\n\nDEFIS APPLICATION DE MESURES BARRIERES COVID DANS LES SITES\n\n\nL\u2019application de mesures barri\u00e8re \u00e9dict\u00e9s par le guide line COVID 19/CCCM dans les sites de\npersonne spontan\u00e9s et planifi\u00e9s concernent notamment\n\n\n - Le manque d\u2019eau et la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement dans les sites\n\n\n - La promiscuit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s prononc\u00e9e des abris de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et le regroupement\n\nfacile de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\n\n - L\u2019applicabilit\u00e9 de mesures de distanciation, la gestion de mouvement de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, la\n\nfr\u00e9quentation de sites par les partenaires fournisseurs de service avec tous les risques\nde contamination de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\n\n\n - Le manque d\u2019espaces pour la bonne organisation et planification de sites et la mise en\n\nplace de structures d\u2019isolement en cas de contamination dans les sites\n\n\nOBJECTIF\n\n\nGlobalement, le but est de contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9viter/r\u00e9duire :\n\n\n - La contamination de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es/propagation de la maladie dans les sites, des\nfamilles d\u2019accueil et au sein des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil\n\n - La mortalit\u00e9 et la morbidit\u00e9 li\u00e9es \u00e0 la flamb\u00e9e \u00e9pid\u00e9mique.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "DECLARATION DE L\u2019URGENCE\n\nL\u2019urgence est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par le Gouvernement. Le Minist\u00e8re de la Sante Publique met en place\nles mesures d\u2019accompagnement. Les informations officielles sont ainsi relay\u00e9es dans chaque\nsite/hors sites par les gestionnaires des sites de d\u00e9placement et la commission mise en place\npar les autorites locales.\n\n\nPLANIFICATION DE BASE\n\n\nPour ce premier plan de contingence, les chiffres de planification se pr\u00e9senteraient comme\nsuit :\n\n\n|A. Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM du HCR (Ituri) au 22 Mars 2020:|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|Province de l\u2019Ituri|\n|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Territoire_|_Nombre de m\u00e9nages_|_Nombre d\u2019individus_|\n|1|Bembeyi|Irumu|178|852|\n|2|ISP|Irumu|4,818|23,766|\n|3|Kasenyi|Irumu|1,771|6,815|\n|4|Kigonze|Irumu|1,987|9,255|\n|5|Kpangba|Djugu|546|2,158|\n|6|Telega|Irumu|778|3,780|\n|7|Venyo|Djugu|226|942|\n|8|Luvengire|Djugu|632|4,555|\n|9|Sesele|Djugu|566|3,021|\n|10|Bahwere|Djugu|447|2,235|\n|11|Nyama Zazi|Djugu|850|3,450|\n|12|Landa|Djugu|237|937|\n|13|Mbala|Irumu|900|4,080|\n|14|Koikpa|Djugu|88|172|\n|15|Tsere|Irumu|359|1,842|\n|TOTAL|TOTAL|TOTAL|_14,383_|_67,860_|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Villages autour des
sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|Col2|Territoire|Nombre de m\u00e9nages
dans les villages|Nombre de m\u00e9nages \u00e0
cibler par la distribution
(20 %)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Bembeyi|Irumu|465|91|\n|2|Muzipela|Irumu|1,560|312|\n|3|Kasenyi centre|Irumu|2,490|498|\n|4|Kolomani|Irumu|630|126|\n|5|Kpangba|Djugu|455|91|\n|6|Telega|Irumu|423|84|\n|7|Venyo|Djugu|520|104|\n|8|Luvangire|Djugu|350|70|\n|9|Sesele|Djugu|235|47|\n|10|Bahware|Djugu|222|44|\n|11|Nyamazazi|Djugu|300|60|\n|12|Landa|Djugu|750|30|\n|13|Mbala|Irumu|175|35|\n|14|Koikpa|Djugu|123|24|\n|15|Tsere|Irumu|167|33|\n|TOTAL|TOTAL|TOTAL|_8,265_|_1, 649_|\n\n\n**B.** Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM de l\u2019OIM (Ituri) au 25 Mars 2020 :\n\n\n|PROVINCE D'ITURI|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|ADINGI-TERLUNGU|MAHAGI|396|537|\n|ADVENTISTE|IRUMU|223|929|\n|BAITI|IRUMU|177|525|\n|BANGA|DJUGU|390|1100|\n|BOMBWA|IRUMU|66|270|\n|CE_39/BEY|IRUMU|117|392|\n|CEBCA|IRUMU|74|212|\n|EP IGA (CECA20)|DJUGU|384|1143|\n|EP TUUNGANE|DJUGU|486|1298|\n|EP-PIKE|MAHAGI|363|646|\n|GENGERE-I|MAHAGI|511|1292|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|C. Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM du HCR (Nord-Kivu) au 20 mars 2020 :|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|Province Nord-Kivu|\n|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es_|_Territoire_|_Nombre de m\u00e9nages_|_Nombre_
_d\u2019individus_|\n|1|BUKOMBO|Masisi|1,299|5,337|\n|2|IBUGA|Rutshuru|1,083|5,229|\n|3|KAHE|Rutshuru|1,331|6,026|\n|4|KALEMBE KALONGE|Walikale|518|1,957|\n|5|KALENGERA|Masisi|498|2,386|\n\n\n|GENGERE-II|MAHAGI|272|740|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|GODO I|DJUGU|923|2613|\n|HUNGBE|DJUGU|1158|3201|\n|INSTITUT IGA|DJUGU|315|859|\n|JUPAJALWINYI|MAHAGI|842|1525|\n|LIMANI|DJUGU|592|1291|\n|LIMBU|DJUGU|288|713|\n|LINDJI|DJUGU|851|2657|\n|LINDJI 2|DJUGU|463|1230|\n|LINDJI 3|DJUGU|402|1063|\n|MAKAYANGA|IRUMU|121|482|\n|MALABO|DJUGU|529|848|\n|MANGIVA|IRUMU|167|672|\n|MBUDU|DJUGU|215|651|\n|SOMBE|DJUGU|289|940|\n|TSE|DJUGU|915|2311|\n|ADVENTISTE/NDALIA|IRUMU|59|310|\n|ANGLICANE|IRUMU|134|777|\n|CATHOLIQUE|IRUMU|77|244|\n|CE_39/BWANASULA|IRUMU|300|1800|\n|CE_39/NGEREZA-SOKOTANO|IRUMU|695|2685|\n|EGLISE-CPS|IRUMU|97|704|\n|EP-MBUYA|MAHAGI|803|4819|\n|KALYAMUGONGO|IRUMU|122|532|\n|RANGU|MAHAGI|475|2095|\n|UGUDO-ZII|MAHAGI|310|2671|\n|UNDILA|MAHAGI|345|2024|\n|UTYEP|MAHAGI|942|3933|\n|Total|Total|15888|52734|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|6|KALINGA|Masisi|1,357|5,740|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|7|KASHUGA|Masisi|1,421|6,789|\n|8|KASOKO|Rutshuru|1,234|5,769|\n|9|KIHONDO|Rutshuru|1,553|6,301|\n|10|KIKUKU|Rutshuru|758|3,028|\n|11|MUNGOTE|Masisi|2,226|10,980|\n|12|MWESO|Masisi|1000|4,610|\n|13|NYANZALE MARCHE|Rutshuru|882|3,932|\n|_Total_|_Total_|_Total_|_15,160_|_80,613_|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|N\u00b0|TERRITOIRES|VILLAGES|POPULATIONS (nombre
d\u2019individus)|Nombre
d\u2019individus/m\u00e9nages \u00e0
cibler par la distribution
(20 %)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|

MASISI|MWESO|15,733|3,146|\n|1|

MASISI|KASHUGA|12,348|2,469|\n|1|

MASISI|MUNGOTE|11,686|2,337|\n|1|

MASISI|KALENGERA|17,721|3,544|\n|1|

MASISI|KALINGA|10,223|2,044|\n|1|

MASISI|BUKOMBO|11,328|2,328|\n|1|Sous -total||79,039|15,868|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|NYANZALE|5,891|1,178|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KIKUKU|10,695|2,139|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KIHONDO|7,016|1,403|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|IBUGHA|14498|2,899|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KASOKO|5,943|1,188|\n|2|

RUTSHURU|KAHE|10,940|2,188|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Sous- total|Col3|54,983|10,995|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|3|WALIKALE
|KALEMBE
KALONGE|6,886|1,377|\n|3|Sous total||6,886|1,377|\n|Total|Total|Total|140,908|29,240 individus
(5,648 m\u00e9nag\u00e9s)|\n\n\n**D.** Sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sous responsabilit\u00e9 CCCM de l\u2019OIM (Nord-Kivu) au 25 mars 2020 :\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|BUSHANI|MASISI|455|1169|\n|KABIZO|RUTSHURU|770|2809|\n|KANABA|RUTSHURU|831|2925|\n|KATALE|MASISI|1686|5666|\n|KATOYI|MASISI|405|1339|\n|KIBABI/POLICE|MASISI|300|1248|\n|KIZIMBA|RUTSHURU|940|2712|\n|MUHETO|MASISI|797|2113|\n|RUSHASHI|MASISI|523|1868|\n|Total|Total|6707|21849|\n\n\n\n**E.** Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes en dehors des sites (approche CCI) au Nord-Kivu\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU MENAGE EN FAMILLE
D'ACCUEIL|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Localisation|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|Famille d'accueil|RUTSHURU|2182|10850|\n|Famille d'accueil|MASISI|84|447|\n|Total|Total|2266|11297|\n\n\n\nF. Sites spontan\u00e9s au Nord-Kivu\n\n\n|PROVINCE DU NORD-KIVU|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Sites spontan\u00e9s|Territoire|M\u00e9nages|Individus|\n|KAKOKA|MASISI|969|5312|\n|KIBUNDI|MASISI|769|4964|\n|KIKOMA|MASISI|931|4878|\n|BUGUSA|RUTSHURU|93|238|\n|RUKORO|RUTSHURU|35|100|\n|Total|Total|2797|15492|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COORDINATION AVEC LES STRUCTURES D\u2019APPUI\n\n\nR\u00f4les des gestionnaires et/ou administrateur des sites de d\u00e9placement/hors sites :\n\n\n`o` Continuer la gestion des IDPs dans les sites de d\u00e9placement et en famille d\u2019accueil\n\ndans les zones d\u2019intervention et CCI ;\n\n\n`o` Toutes les informations sont centralis\u00e9es par le gestionnaire dans les sites de\n\nd\u00e9placement et par les administrateurs en dehors des sites et CCI ;\n\n\nToutes les informations sont centralis\u00e9es par le gestionnaire\n\n\n`o` Organiser les comit\u00e9s des IDPs \u00e0 une auto prise en charge ;\n\n\n`o` Le gestionnaire de site analysera la pertinence des distributions de kits sanitaires\n\nen coordination avec les autorites locales AVANT/APRES le confinement ;\n\n\n`o` Rapporter tout rapport de situation li\u00e9 au coronavirus ;\n\n\n`o` Tenir inform\u00e9s les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels ;\n\n\n`o` Collaborer avec les autorit\u00e9s locales\n\n\nOMS, UNICEF, CROIX-ROUGE/FICR (dernier recours) : leur r\u00f4le sera\n\n\n`o` De renforcer les capacit\u00e9s du gestionnaire et les comit\u00e9s des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sur la\n\nsurveillance \u00e0 base communautaire de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que dans la\ncommunaut\u00e9 \u00e0 travers les ZS, CS, AS et RECO ;\n\n\n`o` Compiler toute donn\u00e9e issue du terrain \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique ;\n\n\n`o` Orienter les r\u00e9ponses du gestionnaire de site de d\u00e9placement ;\n\n\n`o` Et apporter tout appui technique urgent ;\n\n\nNB : Les autres acteurs de la sante comme MSF continuent leurs assistances en coordination\navec le gestionnaire et les autorites. ils r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la note d\u2019orientation de leur cluster.\n\n\nGouvernement Provincial :\n\n\n - S\u2019assurer des dispositions de protection des personnes vivantes dans les sites\nd\u00e9placement ;\n\n\n - S\u2019assurer que les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la situation des IDPs sont prises en compte ;\n\n\n - Plaider pour des assistances pour le partage d\u2019information sur les actions en faveur des\nIDPs sites d\u00e9placement/hors sites ;\n\n\nNB : De fa\u00e7on transversale, participation aux diff\u00e9rentes rencontres avec les autorites\nlocales/bailleurs de fonds sur la situation dans les sites d\u00e8s que la situation sanitaire le\npermet.\n\n\nGT CCCM :\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Collecter et partager les Gaps dans les sites de d\u00e9placement relatives aux mesures\nd\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, de sanitaire et distanciation\n\n\n - Centraliser information sur activit\u00e9s intervenantes dans les sites de d\u00e9placement\n\n\n - Relier les informations avec ICR et CRIO/CLIO et faire liaison avec le CREC\n\n\n - Faire les plaidoyers vers les autres clusters pour des assistances dans les sites et hors\nsites\n\n\nOCHA\n\n\n - Coordonner avec OCHA par le partage des donn\u00e9es\n\n\n - Contribuer sur des documents de plaidoyer et de rapportage de la situation dans les sites\nd\u00e9placement et hors sites\n\n\nGLOBAL CCCM\n\n\n - Partager tout document, update de la situation et inputs pour les le\u00e7ons apprises.\n\n\nLe COVID et la protection des filles et femmes\n\n\nLa Convention de Kampala, \u00e0 son article 9, obligations est faite aux Etats parties de prot\u00e9ger\net assister les IDPs durant le d\u00e9placement interne, prot\u00e8gent les droits des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es, quelle que soit la cause de d\u00e9placement, en s\u2019abstenant de pratiquer, et en\npr\u00e9venant les actes suivants, entre autres : la violence sexuelle et fond\u00e9e sur le genre,\nnotamment le viol, la prostitution forc\u00e9e, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, et les pratiques n\u00e9fastes,\nl\u2019esclavage, le recrutement d\u2019enfants et leur utilisation dans les hostilit\u00e9s, travail forc\u00e9, trafic\net d\u00e9tournement d\u2019\u00eatres humains.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "SCENARII RETENUS\n\n\nScenario 1 : les autorites ordonnent la r\u00e9duction des mouvements et des mesures de confinement de la population locale et des IDPs\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par IDPs dans les centres IDPs dans les sites officiels IDPs en famille IDPs dans les sites
secteurs prioritaires collectifs d\u2019accueil/en autonomie (spontan\u00e9s)
(location)
Interventions requises|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par
secteurs prioritaires

IDPs dans les centres
collectifs
IDPs dans les sites officiels
IDPs en famille
d\u2019accueil/en autonomie
(location)
IDPs dans les sites
(spontan\u00e9s)
Interventions requises|Conduite \u00e0 tenir par
secteurs prioritaires

IDPs dans les centres
collectifs
IDPs dans les sites officiels
IDPs en famille
d\u2019accueil/en autonomie
(location)
IDPs dans les sites
(spontan\u00e9s)
Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|Interventions requises|\n||Sante/Wash|-
Faire
l\u2019affichage
des
messages cl\u00e9s officiels
-
Doter les comit\u00e9s locaux
de thermo flashs
-
Points
d\u2019eau
aux
diff\u00e9rentes entr\u00e9es
-
Dotation de kits lavage
de
main
devant
les
toilettes
communautaires
-
Ajouter la capacit\u00e9 de
stockage d\u2019eau \u00e0 tous les
m\u00e9nages|-
Faire
l\u2019affichage
des
messages cl\u00e9s officiels
-
Doter les comit\u00e9s locaux de
thermo flashs
-
Points d\u2019eau aux diff\u00e9rentes
entr\u00e9es et par quartier
-
Dotation de kits lavage de
main devant les toilettes
communautaires
-
Ajouter
la
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage d\u2019eau \u00e0 tous les
m\u00e9nages|-
Doter les m\u00e9nages
hors sites de savons
-
Doter les familles
d\u2019accueil de savons
-

|-
Faire l\u2019affichage des
messages cl\u00e9s
officiels|\n||AME|-
Dotation chaque m\u00e9nage
de kits de lavage de main|-
Dotation chaque m\u00e9nage
de kits de lavage de main
-
Dotation de kits de lavage
main
aux
structures
communautaires|N/A|N/A|\n||Shelter|-
Doter
des
abris
individuels
-
Eviter
de
garder
les
m\u00e9nages
dans
les
hangars de transit|-
Doter des abris individuels

|-
S\u2019assurer des
conditions de vie dans
les familles d\u2019accueil|-
Evaluation/d\u00e9cision
d\u00e9finitive du site
par la CNR|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Protection|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupr\u00e8s
des autorit\u00e9s locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agressio
n li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de la
maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupr\u00e8s des
autorit\u00e9s locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agression
li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de la
maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Renforcement de la
sensibilisation (aupres
des autorites locales,
population h\u00f4te,
population IDP) sur les
risques de
stigmatisation/d\u2019agres
sion li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence
de la maladie dans la
communaut\u00e9 des
personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es|- Suivi de la situation
de protection dans
les sites non
officiels|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||CCCM|-
Coordonner
avec
les
comit\u00e9s locaux de sant\u00e9
sur
les
arriv\u00e9es
de
nouveaux visiteurs/IDP
-
Plaidoyer
pour
la
responsabilisation
des
autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des
sites
et
lieux
de
regroupements
des
IDPs/visiteurs
-
Dotation des centres de
sant\u00e9
communautaires
proche
des
sites
de
d\u00e9placement en kits de
communication
d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par le CREC|-
Si possible am\u00e9liorer les
installations dans les sites
de d\u00e9placement (espace
entre les abris)
-
Coordonner
avec
les
clusters Wash et GT AME
ou agences la dotation de
kits de lave-mains.|-
Suivre la situation des
m\u00e9nages par la CNR et
le partenaire ou par la
coordination des
partenaires et par les
autorit\u00e9s locales|-
Non-participation
aux \u00e9valuations|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Scenario 2 : De nouveaux mouvements de population en pleine \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Covid-19\n\n\nDe fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les nouveaux mouvements sont journaliers. Les autorit\u00e9s locales et les populations ont l\u2019habitude d\u2019en recevoir. Compte tenu\nde l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie et ne pas mettre \u00e0 risque les autres locataires du site, les nouveaux arriv\u00e9s seront orient\u00e9s vers les services de sant\u00e9 post\u00e9s sur les\naxes et points d\u2019entr\u00e9e strat\u00e9giques et au niveau des sites de d\u00e9placement/CCI pour check. N\u00e9anmoins, des plaidoyers seront faits pour\nencourager les IDPs vers les FAMAC et/ou toutes orientation des autorites administratives.\n\n\nACTIVITES PERTINENTES EN PERIODE DE CRISES SANITAIRES (en respectant les SoP sectoriel disponible)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Distribution par les comit\u00e9s
locaux|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis en
place|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis en
place||\n|Identification des nouveaux
arrives|N/A|N/A|N/A|Distribution
des
kits
abris
pour
\u00e9viter
les
hangars
collectifs|N/A|Distribution
des bidons de
20 litres pour
augmentation
de
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage
d\u2019eau, savons
pour
trois
mois|Distribution
d\u2019une ration
de 45 jours
par PAM et
ses
partenaires|X
Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
existants et
chefs
des
blocs|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Evaluation sectorielle|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Identification des
personnes vuln\u00e9rables
(ENA/ES/VBG, etc)
Suivi des PBS|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
de
sectoriels de
protection
existants|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
existants|\n|Vidanges|N/A|N/A|X|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Acc\u00e8s/R\u00e9parations des
points d\u2019eau|N/A|N/A|Par les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
WASH
existants|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Sensibilisations|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
protection
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
\u00e9ducation
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
WASH
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
d\u2019initiatives
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
sant\u00e9
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels de
distribution
et d\u2019initiative
existants|X
Par
les
comit\u00e9s
de
distribution
et d\u2019initiative
existants|Comit\u00e9s
directeurs
et chef des
blocs|\n|Distributions|N/A|N/A|N/A|Distribution
des
kits|N/A|Distribution
des bidons de|Distribution
d\u2019une ration||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||abris
pour
\u00e9viter
les
hangars
collectifs||20 litres pour
augmentation
de
capacit\u00e9
de
stockage
d\u2019eau, savons
pour
trois
mois|de 45 jours
par PAM et
ses
partenaires||\n|R\u00e9unions sectorielles|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Renforcement de capacit\u00e9s|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|Formation
uniquement
pour la prise
en charge
des cas|N/A|N/A||\n|S\u00e9curit\u00e9|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|CNR|\n|Am\u00e9nagements des
espaces agricoles|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Vaccination|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n|Construction d\u2019abris|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
sectoriels
d\u2019initiatives|N/A|N/A|N/A||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|ACTIVITES Critiques|PROTECTION|EDUCATION|WASH|ABRIS|SANTE|NFI|SECURITE
ALIMENTAIRE|AUTRES|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||existants|||||\n|R\u00e9f\u00e9rencement/Orientation|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|N/A|N/A||\n|Inhumation|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|X
Par les
comit\u00e9s
locaux mis
en place|N/A|N/A||\n\n\nCAPACITES DE REPONSES EXISTANTES / STOCK PREPOSITIONNES PAR ACTEURS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|PARTENAIRES|DISPONIBLES|Col3|EN PIPE LINE|CAPACITE TOTALE
POSSIBLE|LIEU DE
POSITIONNEMENT|OBSERVATION|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|PARTENAIRES|ARTICLES|QUANTITES|QUANTITES|QUANTITES|QUANTITES|QUANTITES|\n|OIM|BACHES|10000|0|10000|BUNIA/MAHAGI||\n|OIM|AFFICHES|39|0|39|BUNIA|Grands affiches|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|3/2m|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|HCR|SAVONS|66 683|A Completer|A Completer|BUNIA|Barre de 600g|\n|HCR|SAVONS|195 690|||GOMA|Barre de 600g|\n|CARITAS|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer||\n|DRC|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer||\n|AIDES|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer|A Completer||\n|OXFAM|Tanks|A completer|||||\n||||||||\n||||||||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/14b76fb3-92c7-32a1-aa7e-ef5649105e0f/rdc-cccm-200423_cccm_plan_de_contingence_coronavirus_2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_919/raw/doc_919_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_919/raw/doc_919_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 68ae132d0ede1b960e381244bf632c031497b0ba..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_919/raw/doc_919_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n## **APER\u00c7U G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL**\n\nAu cours des mois de septembre et d\u2019octobre 2022, les populations civiles\nhabitant les provinces en conflits arm\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9es \u00e0 plusieurs\nsituations difficiles, \u00e9prouvantes avec des cas de violations des droits\nhumains extr\u00eamement graves. Situation qui du reste est malheureusement\ndemeur\u00e9e alarmante tout au long de cette ann\u00e9e.\n\nDes milliers de personnes ont encore \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de d\u00e9placement et red\u00e9placement forc\u00e9s. Plusieurs zones qui constituaient jadis des localit\u00e9s de\nrefuge \u00e9tant devenues, \u00e0 leur tour, des th\u00e9\u00e2tres d\u2019intenses affrontements\narm\u00e9s. Dans certaines zones, notamment dans le territoire de Rutshuru\ndans la province de Nord-Kivu, les mouvements de populations sont\ntellement soudains, brusques et fluctuants que les acteurs humanitaires\npeinent \u00e0 planifier et \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser l\u2019acheminement des rares ressources\ndisponibles vers les personnes dans le besoin et compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9pourvues\nde tout.\nLe nombre de violations des droits humains et les risques de protection\nassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 ces affrontements et d\u00e9placements massifs restent colossaux et\npas correctement document\u00e9s. Les m\u00e9canismes de monitoring de\nprotection ont rapport\u00e9 25040 incidents de protection au mois de septembre\net octobre 2022.\n\nLes principaux d\u00e9veloppements au cours de la p\u00e9riode concernent la reprise\ndes affrontements entre les Forces Arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique\ndu Congo (FARDC) et le mouvement du M23 dans la province du Nord Kivu\navec la prise, par ce dernier, de Rutshuru Centre et de Kiwanja le 31\noctobre, entrainant de nouvelles vagues de d\u00e9placement des populations\nvers des zones jug\u00e9es plus s\u00fbres. [1]\n\nIl sied de noter \u00e9galement la poursuite des op\u00e9rations militaires conjointes\nFARDC et FDNB (Force de D\u00e9fense Nationale du Burundi) dans les Hauts\net Moyens Plateaux d\u2019Uvira, \u00e0 Fizi et Mwenga dans la province du Sud-Kivu.\nPlusieurs affrontements contre des groupes arm\u00e9s ont pouss\u00e9 la plupart\nd\u2019entre eux soit \u00e0 se dissimuler dans la communaut\u00e9, soit \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer vers\ndes zones non couvertes par les offensives et y ont poursuivi leur activisme.\n\n\n1 Au moment de la publication de ce document, les lignes de front ont encore boug\u00e9 vers l\u2019Ouest\n(Tongo), le Nord (Mabenga) et le Sud (Kibumba), entra\u00eenant souvent des d\u00e9placements secondaires.\n\n\n\nLa situation de protection dans cette zone est davantage aggrav\u00e9e par un\ncontexte de retrait progressif des forces de la MONUSCO, ce qui expose\nles populations hautement \u00e0 risque qui habitent la zone, et pour lesquelles\nles op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC-FDNB sont beaucoup plus per\u00e7ues\ncomme porteuses de menaces que de protection.\n\nLa situation dans les provinces de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe et de Kwilu s\u2019est exacerb\u00e9e\nd\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du mois de septembre et a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9grader au mois\nd\u2019octobre. Les affrontements ont contraint des milliers de personnes \u00e0 fuir\ndans la province de Kwilu et plus tard dans la province de Kwango,\nentrainant une situation humanitaire pr\u00e9occupante. Non seulement la\nr\u00e9ponse humanitaire et de protection dans la zone reste inad\u00e9quate, mais\naussi, une intervention de la part des autorit\u00e9s a mis la pression sur une\npartie des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pour un retour dans les zones encore en \u00e9bullition [2] .\n## **RECOMMANDATIONS**\n\n**A l\u2019Equipe Humanitaire Pays**\n\n- _Rappeler aux parties aux conflits la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger les civils_\n_(r\u00e9sidents et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s), ainsi que leurs biens et les infrastructures civiles_\n_(sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, \u00e9coles, h\u00f4pitaux) lors des op\u00e9rations militaires._\n\n\n- _Engager le gouvernement et les acteurs concern\u00e9s pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s_\n_humanitaire aux personnes affect\u00e9es par ces conflits, y compris par le_\n_biais d\u2019un couloir humanitaire. Ce dernier facilite \u00e9galement la_\n_relocalisation des civils qui souhaitent gagner des lieux plus s\u00fbrs._\n\n\n- _Plaider aupr\u00e8s de la MONUSCO et autres forces internationales pour la_\n_s\u00e9curisation des sites de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s se trouvant dans les zones_\n_d\u2019affrontements actifs ou \u00e0 leur proximit\u00e9, ainsi que dans les zones avec_\n_pr\u00e9sence des populations hautement expos\u00e9es aux attaques arm\u00e9es._\n\n\n- _Rappeler aux autorit\u00e9s l\u2019importance de garantir aux personnes_\n_d\u00e9plac\u00e9es le choix d\u2019un retour bas\u00e9 sur le principe de libre_\n_consentement, en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et en dignit\u00e9 et sur la base d\u2019informations_\n_cr\u00e9dibles sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire dans les lieux de_\n_retour._\n\n\n2 [https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-des-deplaces-de-](https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-des-deplaces-de-kwamouth-est-premature)\n[kwamouth-est-premature](https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-des-deplaces-de-kwamouth-est-premature)\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n## PROVINCE D\u2019ITURI et HAUT UELE (Faradje)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Mois|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|MRM|D\u00e9placements
forc\u00e9s
(m\u00e9nages)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Sept.|368|946|552|465|16|3769|\n|Oct.|404|1234|1076|439|30|6275|\n|**Total**|**772**|**2130**|**1628**|**904**|**46**|**10044**|\n\n\nTableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring\nde protection en Ituri en septembre et octobre 2022.\n\n\nDans la province d\u2019Ituri, l\u2019environnement protecteur des civils reste menac\u00e9\npar des attaques des groupes arm\u00e9s principalement les CODECO/URDP\ndans le territoire de Djugu et les ADF \u00e0 Irumu et Mambasa ainsi que les\nFRPI \u00e0 Irumu. Ces attaques continuent en d\u00e9pit du compromis sign\u00e9 entre\ncertains de ces groupes et le Gouvernement provincial de l\u2019Ituri avec l\u2019appui\nde la MONUSCO/Bunia pour leur adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 un code de bonne conduite et\nau respect des droits de l\u2019homme. Selon les sources locales, la multiplication\ndes attaques par la plupart de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s serait motiv\u00e9e par la\nn\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de se ravitailler en vivres et en m\u00e9dicaments.\n\n\n**Irumu**\n\n- Dans la ZS de Komanda, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF auraient\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9 une attaque causant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de 08 personnes dont 06 dans\nla localit\u00e9 de Apakolu et de 02 autres dans la localit\u00e9 Kazaroho le 18\nseptembre 2022.\n\n- Le 08 septembre 2022, des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la Force de\nR\u00e9sistance Patriotique de l\u2019Ituri (FRPI) auraient tu\u00e9 02 personnes\nretourn\u00e9es et incendi\u00e9 28 maisons dans la localit\u00e9 Bagabela.\n\n- Le 1er octobre 2022, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments des Forces D\u00e9mocratiques Alli\u00e9es\n(ADF) auraient tu\u00e9 14 personnes, enlev\u00e9 5 personnes et incendi\u00e9 7\nmaisons \u00e0 Kyamata. Cette attaque a provoqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement d\u2019environ\n219 m\u00e9nages.\n\n- Le 28 octobre 2022 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la Force Patriotique et\nInt\u00e9grationniste du Congo (FPIC) auraient pill\u00e9 30 vaches dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Makabo\n\n\n\n**Djugu**\n\n- Plusieurs attaques contre des populations civiles par des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments CODECO/URDPC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es notamment celle\nperp\u00e9tr\u00e9e le 09 septembre dans la localit\u00e9 Mbidjo situ\u00e9e dans la zone\nde sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu ainsi que le 09 et le 10 dans la localit\u00e9\nNyamamba en zone de sant\u00e9 de Tchomia.\nEn somme, ces attaques ont caus\u00e9 le meurtre de 15 personnes, 03 cas\nde coups et blessures, l\u2019incendie de 103 habitations, le pillage de 43\nhabitations et de 15 commerces.\nLa situation a \u00e9galement provoqu\u00e9 un d\u00e9placement d'environ 458\nm\u00e9nages dont 112 de Mbidjo vers les localit\u00e9s de Dala et Pili ainsi que\n346 de Tchiomia vers Tchomia Centre.\n\n- Les 9 et 10 octobre 2022, des attaques des CODECO/URDPC ont\ncaus\u00e9 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 4 personnes dans la localit\u00e9 Scierie Abelkoz en\nzone de sant\u00e9 de Mongbwalu, meurtre de 4 personnes, coups et\nblessures sur 1 personne et pillage des biens de passagers dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 Kadingba.\n\n\n_Carte montrant les attaques dans le territoire de djugu_, OCHA noteinfo_8_ituri_du_07_au_16_septembre_2022.pdf\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\n**Mambasa :**\n\n- L\u2019incursion des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef Kyandenga rapport\u00e9e le 04\nseptembre dans les localit\u00e9s de Lwemba et de Biakato dans la ZS de\nMandima qui aurait caus\u00e9 le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de 03 personnes civils ainsi que des\nblessures graves sur 16 autres. La situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 a entra\u00een\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement massif d\u2019environ 1650 m\u00e9nages vers les localit\u00e9s Teturi et\nMakumo dans la meme ZS ainsi que vers Mangina et Beni dans la\nprovince du Nord-Kivu.\n\n- Les sources locales rapportent que cette faction de Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef serait en\nconnivence avec les ADF avec pour objectif principal de d\u00e9tourner\nl\u2019attention des FARDC afin de permettre aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF de perp\u00e9trer\nlibrement leurs exactions.\n\n- Le 1er octobre, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la CODECO/URDPC auraient tu\u00e9 02\npersonnes, enlev\u00e9 13 personnes et pill\u00e9 dans 04 m\u00e9nages \u00e0 Puturu\ndans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mandima. Ces attaques ont provoqu\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9placement d\u2019environ 490 m\u00e9nages.\n\n## PROVINCE DE NORD KIVU\n\n\nApr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode d\u2019accalmie relative observ\u00e9e dans la province de\nfin septembre \u00e0 mi-octobre 2022, la situation s\u00e9curitaire et de\nprotection de la province du Nord Kivu a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par la\nreprise des affrontements entre les FARDC et les M23 annonc\u00e9e\nle 20 octobre dans la r\u00e9gion de Rangira-Rwanguba dans le\nterritoire de Rutshuru ainsi que la prise des cit\u00e9s de Kiwanja,\nRutshuru et Rubare par les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 M23 le 31\noctobre.\n\nLa situation a occasionn\u00e9 plusieurs violations des droits humains et autres\nincidents de protection notamment des meurtres, des cas de blessures sur\ndes personnes civiles, des enl\u00e8vements et d\u2019importants mouvements des\npopulations et justifie la hausse de 32 % dans les chiffres des violations\nrapport\u00e9s, passant de 1 084 incidents en septembre \u00e0 1435 au mois\nd\u2019octobre.\n\nLes territoires de Beni, Lubero, Masisi et Rutshuru ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9s\npar les violations des droits humains avec pour principaux auteurs les Ma\u00efMa\u00ef, les ADF, les M23, les FARDC et les bandits arm\u00e9s non autrement\n\n\n\nidentifi\u00e9s\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Mois|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|MRM|D\u00e9placements
forc\u00e9s/
m\u00e9nages|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Septembre|367|448|416|126|00|17793|\n|Octobre|409|532|494||00|29499|\n|**Total**|**776**|**980**|**910**|**272**|**00**|**47292**|\n\n\nTableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection\nau Nord Kivu en septembre et octobre 2022.\n\n**Rutshuru**\n\n- Dans le territoire de Rutshuru, la situation de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e\nau cours de la p\u00e9riode par la reprise, le 20 octobre, des affrontements\narm\u00e9s entre les FARDC et les M23 dans la ZS de Rwanguba conduisant\n\u00e0 la prise, le 29 octobre, des cit\u00e9s de Rutshuru Centre et de Kiwanja par\nces derniers.\n\n- Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 la destruction du site de Rwasa 2 (construit\npar des organisations humanitaires) qui h\u00e9bergeait un nombre\nimportant de congolais retourn\u00e9s de l\u2019Ouganda o\u00f9 ils avaient trouv\u00e9\nrefuge les mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents par suite de la m\u00eame crise.\n\n- La situation a pouss\u00e9 plusieurs m\u00e9nages au d\u00e9placement vers les\nterritoires de Nyiragongo, de Lubero et dans la ville de Goma.\nLes acteurs humanitaires estiment qu'au moins 183 000 personnes ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es depuis le 20 octobre, portant le total \u00e0 plus de 232 000\ncivils d\u00e9plac\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but des hostilit\u00e9s en mars.\n(rapport_de_situation_10__reponse_a_la_crise_rutshuru_et_nyiragongo_final.pdf)\n\n\n- Il est important de noter la difficult\u00e9 de documenter les incidents de\nprotection et autres violations des droits de l\u2019homme dans la zone sous\ncontr\u00f4le du M23, zone dont l\u2019\u00e9tendue s\u2019est multiplie au moins par deux\ndepuis la reprise des affrontements. Plusieurs violations des droits\nhumains et incidents de protection ont cependant \u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\nacteurs parties au conflit, sans possibilit\u00e9 de les v\u00e9rifier et les confirmer.\n\n**Nyiragongo**\n\n- Le territoire de Nyiragongo, qui est l\u2019un des plus affect\u00e9s par les\n\u00e9v\u00e8nements du 28 au 29 octobre a accueilli environ 10 863 m\u00e9nages\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\nde 43 560 individus nouvellement d\u00e9plac\u00e9s principalement dans les\ngroupements de Kibati, Buvira, Munigi et Mudja.\n\n- Cette arriv\u00e9e massive des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s aurait entrain\u00e9 d\u2019importants risques\nde protection ainsi que de nombreux besoins humanitaires :\n\n\u27a2 Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9, \u00e0 titre illustratif, l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 4 PDIs vivant\n\ndans un centre collectif par des acteurs arm\u00e9s non-\u00e9tatique\nlorsque les victimes se rendaient dans le parc national de\nVirunga \u00e0 la recherche des bois de chauffage et de\nconstruction.\n\u27a2 L\u2019on note \u00e9galement l\u2019identification d\u2019une trentaine d\u2019enfants\n\ns\u00e9par\u00e9s de leurs parents pendant le d\u00e9placement par les\nstructures communautaires de protection de l\u2019enfance dans le\nNyiragongo. Une vingtaine d\u2019entre eux auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9s dans\nles familles d\u2019accueil transitoires (FAT).\n\n**Beni**\n\n\n- Le territoire de Beni continue d\u2019\u00eatre marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019activisme des ADF et\nautres groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques manifest\u00e9 par plusieurs attaques\nrapport\u00e9es aussi bien au cours du mois de septembre que d\u2019octobre\ndont voici quelques exemples :\n\n- Au moins 39 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s au cours de multiples attaques men\u00e9es\npar des hommes arm\u00e9s dans le territoire de Beni du 1er au 23\nseptembre (20220921_note_dinfos_8_nord-kivu.pdf)\n\n\nL\u2019on peut citer \u00e0 titre illustratif les incidents ci-apr\u00e8s :\n\n\n- Entre le 08 et le 19 septembre 2022, les attaques de 03 villages situ\u00e9s\ndans les ZS de Kamango et d\u2019Oicha par les ADF auraient caus\u00e9 le\nd\u00e9c\u00e8s de 06 personnes dont 01 militaire FARDC, l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de 05\npersonnes civiles, les incendies de nombreuses habitations ainsi que le\npillage de plusieurs commerces. La situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement\nforc\u00e9 de 97 m\u00e9nages de Mamundioma vers des zones jug\u00e9es plus sures\nainsi que la restriction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des agriculteurs \u00e0 leurs champs.\n\n- Au mois d\u2019octobre, ces ADF auraient perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 02 incursions\nsuccessives dans les villages de Vido1 et Vido 2 le 02 et le 04 octobre,\ncausant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de 31 personnes, l\u2019incendie de 35 habitations et de 05\n\n\n\nmotos. \u00c0 la suite des incursions, environ 394 m\u00e9nages de 1 960\nindividus des villages Vido1, Vido 2 et Kisuhi 5 se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers\nKitsimba, Muziranduru et Eringeti **.**\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 l\u2019attaque d\u2019une position FARDC par des\npr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef/ RNL le 09 septembre 2022 dans la ZS de\nVuhovi.\n\n- De plus, un cas de violations graves commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des droits\nde l\u2019enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 dans la ZS de Kamango \u00e0 travers l\u2019occupation\nd\u2019une Ecole Primaire (EP Lwanoli) par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019UPDF, utilisant\ndes locaux pour le stockage des munitions alors m\u00eame que l\u2019\u00e9cole qui\na ouvert ses portes pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022-2023 est encore fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e par\nles \u00e9coliers et le personnel enseignant.\n\n- Il convient de noter que selon la Note d\u2019informations humanitaire pour\nla province du Nord-Kivu publi\u00e9e par OCHA le 23 septembre, les acteurs\nhumanitaires estiment que 324 \u00e9coles dans la province du Nord-Kivu\nn'ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 accessibles pour les activit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives depuis janvier\n2022 en raison de destruction pendant les combats ou par des\ncatastrophes naturelles, d\u2019occupations par des groupes arm\u00e9es,\nd\u2019utilisation comme abris pour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es ou encore de\nfermeture en raison de d\u00e9placements prolong\u00e9s. Cette situation\naffecterait la scolarit\u00e9 de quelques 100 000 enfants\n(20220921_note_dinfos_8_nord-kivu.pdf).\n\n- Le 10 octobre, un autre cas de violations graves commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre\ndes droits de l\u2019enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 dans la ZS de Kalunguta \u00e0 travers\nl\u2019obligation impos\u00e9e aux \u00e9coles de fermer leurs portes pendant 10 jours.\nCette interdiction \u00e9tait accompagn\u00e9e des menaces aux responsables\ndes institutions d\u2019enseignements primaires de la part des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00ef-Mai.\n\n- Dans la ZS de Oicha, plusieurs incursions des pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments ADF\noccasionnant de nombreuses violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit \u00e0\ntitre illustratif, de l\u2019enl\u00e8vement, le 08 octobre, d\u2019une femme retourn\u00e9e\ndans le village Kyavindo, du meurtre d\u2019un homme le 10 octobre dans la\nlocalit\u00e9 de Kisikivi et des actes de pillage le m\u00eame jour dans le village\nKyavisale.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\n\n- Dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Mutwanga, des sources locales ont rapport\u00e9\ndes violations des droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des Eco-gardes\n(tortures et traitements inhumains, destruction des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, coups et\nblessures, arrestation arbitraire/d\u00e9tention ill\u00e9gale etc.) sur des\npopulations civiles dans le cadre du conflit entre les populations\nriveraines et l\u2019ICCN sur la question de d\u00e9limitation du Parc. Une marche\nde protestation a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e le 10 octobre \u00e0 Kasindi-port et aurait\noccasionn\u00e9 des coups et blessures sur un enfant mineur PDI.\n\n\n**Masisi**\n\n\nEntre le 2 au 5 octobre, au moins 7 cas de viols ont \u00e9t\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9. Parmi ces survivantes, 3 femmes n\u2019ont pas pu\nacc\u00e9der aux soins suite \u00e0 la fermeture du centre de sant\u00e9 de Lwibo \u00e0 cause\nde la situation s\u00e9curitaire. Un acteur dans la zone de Lwibo emp\u00eacherait les\ncivils de quitter la zone.\n\n\nLa province du Sud Kivu continue d\u2019\u00eatre marqu\u00e9e par la\nr\u00e9currence des incursions et exactions commises par\ndes groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la population civile,\nainsi que par des op\u00e9rations conjointes entre les FARDC\net les Forces de D\u00e9fense Nationale du Burundi (FDNB)\ncontre les groupes arm\u00e9s des Hauts et Moyens Plateaux\ndu Sud Kivu lanc\u00e9es le 15 aout 2022.\nAu cours de la p\u00e9riode, 5 436 incidents de protection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s\ndont 3 759 au mois de septembre et 1 677 en octobre 2022.\nCette \u2018apparente\u2019 baisse est loin de signifier une am\u00e9lioration de la\nsituation de protection. Elle est expliqu\u00e9e par l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 de\ncertaines zones notamment celles concern\u00e9es par les op\u00e9rations des\nFARDC et les op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC-FDNB dans les territoires\nde Kalehe et de Shabunda.\n\n\n\n|Mois|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0 la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|MRM|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Septembre|367|448|416|126|00|\n|Octobre|409|532|494||00|\n|**Total**|**776**|**980**|**910**|**272**|**00**|\n\n\nTableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de\nprotection au Sud Kivu et Maniema en septembre et octobre 2022.\n\n**Kalehe**\n\n- Le territoire de Kalehe reste marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019impact des op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires men\u00e9es par les FARDC contre les groupes arm\u00e9s dans la\nprovince voisine du Nord-Kivu caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l\u2019afflux des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) en provenance du territoire de Masisi fuyant\nles effets desdites op\u00e9rations militaires.\nCes PDI restent expos\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs risques s\u00e9curitaires et de\nprotection dans ces zones d\u2019accueil.\n\n- Dans la nuit du 19 octobre 2022, des hommes arm\u00e9s non identifi\u00e9s ont\nmen\u00e9 une incursion dans le village Kivumo. Un civil a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 et son\ncorps sans vie a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 3 jours plus tard \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la ravi\u00e8re\nMubimbi malgr\u00e9 le paiement d\u2019une ran\u00e7on d\u2019environ 2.000 dollars\nam\u00e9ricains qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e aux fugitifs.\n\n- Entre le 20 et 21 octobre 2022, des hommes arm\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s comme\nde pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9ments Raiya Mutomboki ont tendu une embuscade \u00e0\nByashingi dans la localit\u00e9 de Cifunzi. Plusieurs civils qui revenaient du\nmarch\u00e9 de Butwashenge ont \u00e9t\u00e9 extorqu\u00e9s de leurs biens. Cinq civils\nauraient subi des coups et blessures, trois autres auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis\nau transport des biens extorqu\u00e9s jusqu\u2019au village Bumoga et les autres\nvers Lusheyi.\n\n\n**Mwenga**\n\n\n- A l\u2019instar de Kalehe, le territoire de Mwenga est \u00e9galement impact\u00e9 par\nles op\u00e9rations conjointes FARDC et FDNB et accueille des vagues des\nPDI en provenance du Nord Kivu.\n\n\n\nTrois territoires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9s par cet activisme \u00e0\nsavoir les territoires de Kalehe, de Fizi et de Shabunda\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\n\n- Il est rapport\u00e9 que ces zones d\u2019accueil des civils PDIs servent\n\u00e9galement des zones de retrait des groupes arm\u00e9s fuyant les\nop\u00e9rations, exposant les PDIs aux m\u00eames menaces que dans les\nlocalit\u00e9s de provenance.\n\n\nLe viol de 05 filles rapport\u00e9 le 28 septembre 2022 dans le village\nLubunga situ\u00e9 dans le secteur d\u2019Itombwe en constitue un exemple\npoignant.\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 la suite des op\u00e9rations militaires\npr\u00e9cit\u00e9es, un groupe arm\u00e9 se serait retranch\u00e9 pr\u00e8s du site des\npersonnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDIs) de Mikenge dans le secteur\nd\u2019Itombwe.\n\n\n**Shabunda**\n\n\n- Plusieurs attaques dont les responsables seraient des groupes arm\u00e9s\nayant fui les op\u00e9rations militaires dans le territoire de Kalehe ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nsignal\u00e9es. Ces groupes arm\u00e9s tisseraient des alliances avec d\u2019autres\ngroupes actifs dans le territoire afin de r\u00e9sister aux avanc\u00e9es des\nmilitaires FARDC et seraient en train de multiplier des incursions dans\nles villages et sites miniers pour des raisons \u00e9conomiques.\n\n- Le territoire a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par des affrontements entre diff\u00e9rentes\nfactions du groupe arm\u00e9 Raiya Mutomboki (Kafuma, Mubangu et Blaise)\npour le contr\u00f4le des carr\u00e9s miniers notamment ceux du 3 octobre 2022\ndans la for\u00eat du village Kilomba qui ont entrain\u00e9 de d\u00e9placement\npr\u00e9ventif d\u2019environ 156 m\u00e9nages vers les villages Maimingi I, II,\nNyombe, Nyalubemba, Bibugwa ainsi que Lubimbe et\nKibandamangobo.\n\n\n**Kabambare**\n\nLe 28 septembre 2022, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un groupe arm\u00e9 non autrement\nidentifi\u00e9s ont surpris et viol\u00e9 trois femmes retourn\u00e9es en plein travaux\nchamp\u00eatres, dans la localit\u00e9 de Fiodo, village du groupement Muhiya Ier,\nsecteur de Bangubangu.\n\n\n|Mois|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations du
droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Septembre|105|365|283|89|\n|Octobre|107|291|273|68|\n|**Total**|**212**|**656**|**556**|**157**|\n\n\n\n**Kalemie**\n\n- Le territoire de Kalemie a connu le renforcement des effectifs des\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de la FARDC sur l\u2019axe Kalemie-Bendera dans la zone de\nsant\u00e9 de Nyemba.\n\n- Toutefois, des incidents de protection principalement all\u00e9gu\u00e9s aux\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du groupe arm\u00e9 Mai Mai Apa na Pale et de la milice twa de la\nfaction Liwa ont tout de m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s.\n\n- A titre d\u2019exemple, le pillage en date du 16 septembre du v\u00e9hicule d\u2019une\norganisation humanitaire (WSC) au niveau de la localit\u00e9 Rugogo.\n\n- L\u2019on peut \u00e9galement citer les attaques contre des motocyclistes et leurs\npassagers rapport\u00e9s le 1er et le 18 septembre avec pour bilan le meutre\nde 3 personnes dont 2 militaires dont les assaillant auraient par la suite\nemport\u00e9 les armes ainsi que le pillage des biens appartenant a 08 autres\npersonnes civiles.\n\n**Kongolo**\n\n\n- L\u2019on note une certaine baisse de l\u2019activisme des groupes arm\u00e9s au\ncours de la p\u00e9riode malgr\u00e9 quelques violations attribu\u00e9es aux pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\n\n\n## PROVINCE DU TANGANYIKA\n\n\n\nAu cours du mois sous examen, la province du Tanganyika\na \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019activisme de trois principaux groupes\narm\u00e9s parmi lesquels les miliciens Twa dans le territoire de\nKalemie particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones de sant\u00e9 de\nKalemie et de Nyemba ainsi que les Mai-Mai dans le\nterritoire de Kongolo.\n\nTableau montrant le nombre total de violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection\nau Tanganyika en septembre et octobre 2022.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Malaika notamment le viol perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 contre 03\nfemmes dans la localit\u00e9 Mugizya situ\u00e9e dans la zone de sant\u00e9 Dede\nKongolo en date du 17 septembre 2022.\n\n\n**Nyunzu**\n\n- En d\u00e9pit de quelques cas de banditisme rapport\u00e9s, la situation de\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e \u00e9galement calme \u00e0 Nyunzu du fait des op\u00e9rations\nmilitaires en cours pour la traque des groupes arm\u00e9s.\n\n- Cette situation a favoris\u00e9 le retour des PDIs de Kisengo vers leurs\nvillages d\u2019origine.\n\n\n**Autres territoires**\n\n- Concernant les territoires non cit\u00e9s ci-haut, il sied de noter l\u2019activisme\ndu groupe d\u2019autod\u00e9fense bantou dans le territoire de Moba ciblant les\npersonnes accus\u00e9es de sorcellerie, les exactions des Ma\u00ef-Ma\u00ef Bakata\nKatanga du leader G\u00e9d\u00e9on Mutanga dans le territoire de Manono\nsp\u00e9cialement dans la zone de sant\u00e9 de Kiambi ainsi que les tracasseries\nau niveau des barri\u00e8res \u00e9rig\u00e9es par les forces de l\u2019ordre (FARDC et\nPNC) dans les localit\u00e9s Kyaba, territoire de Kabalo.\n\n## PROVINCES DU KASA\u00cf, KASAI ORIENTAL ET KASA\u00cf CENTRAL\n\n\n - A l\u2019instar des mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, les trois provinces du Kasai\nrestent marqu\u00e9es par la persistance de conflits\nintercommunautaires sporadiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion du pouvoir\ncoutumier et foncier ainsi que par la recrudescence de la petite\ncriminalit\u00e9.\n\n- Au cours de la p\u00e9riode sous examen, 3 831violations et incidents de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s dont 1 976 en septembre et 1 855 en\noctobre.\n\n- L\u2019on peut citer \u00e0 titre illustratif, le cas des incendies massifs des\nhabitations rapport\u00e9s au village Muela Katanga \u00e0 la suite des tensions\nintercommunautaires, laissant 143 m\u00e9nages d\u2019environ 823 personnes\n\n\n\nsans-abris ad\u00e9quats. L\u2019incendie aurait \u00e9galement touch\u00e9 partiellement\nl\u2019\u00e9cole primaire de la place.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Mois|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la libert\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
la
propri\u00e9t\u00e9|Violations
du droit \u00e0
l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9
physique|VBG|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Septembre|203|790|468|551|\n|Octobre|174|764|541|587|\n|**Total**|377|1554|1009|**1138**|\n\n\nTableau recapitulant les principales violations des droits signal\u00e9es par le monitoring de protection\ndans Kasai, Kasai oriental et Kasai Central en septembre et octobre 2022.\n\n## PROVINCE DU MA\u00cf-NDOMBE\n\n\n- Un conflit de droit coutumier a \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans le territoire de Kwamouth\ndans la province de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe. Les affrontements \u00e0 l\u2019arme blanche\net \u00e0 l\u2019arme \u00e0 feu ont contraint des milliers de personnes \u00e0 fuir dans la\nprovince de Kwilu et plus tard dans la province de Kwango.\n\n- Ces affrontements entre les communaut\u00e9s rivales (Teke et Yaka) ont\noccasionn\u00e9 plusieurs incidents de protection et violations des droits\nhumains tels que des atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, des atteintes \u00e0 la\nvie, des incendies d\u2019habitations, la destruction et le pillage des moyens\nde subsistances des populations ainsi que des d\u00e9placements massifs\ndes populations.\n\n- Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 fin octobre 2022, il n ' y avait pas d\u2019assistance humanitaire\nconsistante d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e. Les assistances ponctuelles \u00e9taient minimes et\nd\u00e9sormais \u00e9puis\u00e9es. La surpopulation dans certaines localit\u00e9s,\nl\u2019absence de structures d\u2019accueil, d\u2019abris, de sanitaires sont parmi les\nfacteurs pouvant contribuer \u00e0 augmenter les risques de protection dans\nles zones affect\u00e9es (Voir [https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/violences-](https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/violences-dans-le-mai-ndombe-et-kwilu-%C2%AB-le-manque-de-r%C3%A9ponse-humanitaire-soul%C3%A8ve-de)\n[dans-le-mai-ndombe-et-kwilu-%C2%AB-le-manque-de-](https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/violences-dans-le-mai-ndombe-et-kwilu-%C2%AB-le-manque-de-r%C3%A9ponse-humanitaire-soul%C3%A8ve-de)\n[r%C3%A9ponse-humanitaire-soul%C3%A8ve-de )](https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/violences-dans-le-mai-ndombe-et-kwilu-%C2%AB-le-manque-de-r%C3%A9ponse-humanitaire-soul%C3%A8ve-de)\n\n- Les autorit\u00e9s provinciales qui assurent le suivi quotidien de la situation\nde d\u00e9placement affirment que les chiffres des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\n(PDIs) identifi\u00e9es dans la zone s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait \u00e0 plus de 40 000 personnes\ndont au moins 27 421 h\u00e9berg\u00e9es dans la province du Kwilu et au moins\n11 686 dans le Mai-Ndombe.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **POINTS SALLAINTS DE PROTECTION \u2013 SEPTEMBRE-** **OCTOBRE 2022**\n\n\n\n\n- Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9, vers la fin du mois d\u2019octobre, la fermeture du site\nd\u2019accueil des PDIs situ\u00e9 au march\u00e9 de Malebo dans la ville de\nBandundu sur ordre de la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation du gouvernement central en\nmission dans la zone moyennant une somme de 200.000 FC (francs\ncongolais) devant couvrir les frais de voyage et de r\u00e9insertion.\n\nCette d\u00e9cision a suscit\u00e9 une r\u00e9action de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de la province\ndu Kwilu qui, dans son communiqu\u00e9 de presse du 22 octobre, a d\u00e9plor\u00e9\nle caract\u00e8re forc\u00e9 des retours, entravant les r\u00e8gles du droit international\nhumanitaire dans un contexte o\u00f9 les zones de provenances demeurent\nencore expos\u00e9es aux risques de protection du fait de la pr\u00e9sence des\nassaillants dans la zone ou de la proximit\u00e9 avec leurs zones de replis.\n[https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-](https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-des-deplaces-de-kwamouth-est-premature)\n[des-deplaces-de-kwamouth-est-premature](https://actualite.cd/2022/10/24/kwilu-pour-la-societe-civile-le-retour-des-deplaces-de-kwamouth-est-premature)\n\n_Carte de flux des mouvements de population dans les zones affect\u00e9es,_ Rapport de la mission\nexploratoire et de suivi de la situation humanitaire et de protection dans les zones affect\u00e9es par\nle conflit intercommunautaire dans leTerritoire de Kwamouth\n\n\n## LIMITATIONS\n\n\n- Cet aper\u00e7u est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 sur une base mensuelle (exceptionnellement,\ncelui-ci couvre deux mois) \u00e0 partir des informations et des rapports\nenvoy\u00e9s par les partenaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes et des\ndiscussions avec les partenaires op\u00e9rationnels. Les donn\u00e9es de suivi\nde la protection sont utilis\u00e9es tout au long du rapport telles que\ndisponibles aux dates de r\u00e9daction/publication.\n\n- Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des d\u00e9veloppements cl\u00e9s,\nillustr\u00e9s par des exemples de violations des droits de l'homme et des\npoints cl\u00e9s du plaidoyer ; et n'inclut pas tous les diff\u00e9rents incidents et\nviolations. Les chiffres du suivi de la protection peuvent ne pas\ncorrespondre aux derniers d\u00e9veloppements pour diverses raisons,\nnotamment l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans de nombreuses zones de conflit, qui rend\nimpossible la collecte de donn\u00e9es. Les chiffres finaux seront publi\u00e9s \u00e0\ntravers les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes de rapportage \u00e9tablis.\n\n- Si vous avez des commentaires ou des informations pour compl\u00e9ter et\nam\u00e9liorer le rapport \u2013 merci de bien vouloir nous nous contacter.\n\n\n\nSi vous avez des commentaires, questions, ou donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez contacter : Steve Ndikumwenayo [(ndikumwe@unhcr.org), Paule Yvette Makanga Zinga](mailto:ndikumwe@unhcr.org)\n[makangaz@unhcr.org](mailto:makangaz@unhcr.org) [et Mira Nkumpanyi (nkumpany@unhcr.org)](mailto:nkumpany@unhcr.org) 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/17af7a7f-8f59-4148-ae36-1d9a65a16f84/rdc_protection_points_saillants_protection_rdc_septembre-octobre_2022.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_92/raw/doc_92_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_92/raw/doc_92_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f305ddf0624687156123caa018bb704ccc976466..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_92/raw/doc_92_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,577 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 248**\n\n# **Gaps in Geneva, gaps on the ground:** **case studies of Somalis displaced to** **Kenya and Egypt during the 2011 drought**\n\n\n**Vikram Kolmannskog**\n\n\nNorwegian Refugee Council\n\n\nEmail: post@vikramkolmannskog.no\n\n\nDecember 2012\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates,\nas well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on\nrefugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR.\nThey are also available online under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\n\nWhile most East African countries were badly affected by drought in 2011, the situation was\nalmost beyond imagination in Somalia with famine being declared in several regions (FSNAU\nand FEWSNET 2011a). It was the most severe humanitarian crisis in the world in 2011 and\nAfrica\u2019s worst food security crisis since Somalia\u2019s 1991 and 1992 famine. Throughout 2011,\nlarge numbers of destitute agro-pastoralists and others fled the country in search of assistance.\nThis study explores the experiences of, and responses to, some of the Somalis displaced to\nKenya and Egypt.\n\n\nAmong relevant law we find international, regional and domestic refugee law and human rights\nlaw. For those displaced to another country in the context of natural hazard-related disasters,\nhowever, international law experts in Geneva and elsewhere have identified a normative\nprotection gap (IASC, 2008). Those persecuted for certain listed grounds should be protected as\nrefugees according to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967\nProtocol. A wider group of people, including those fleeing generalised violence and events\nseriously disturbing public order, should be protected as refugees according to the 1969 African\nUnion Convention governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. According to\nthe experts, however, there is currently no international law providing a clear and secure base for\nprotection for those displaced in the context of natural hazard-related disasters (IASC, 2008).\nThis is becoming ever more acute as climate change is affecting the intensity and frequency of\nnatural hazards (IPCC, 2012).\n\n\nCertain initiatives to address this normative gap exist, including the Nansen Initiative, which is a\nstate-driven, multi-stakeholder process (Saboor, 2012). The Nansen Initiative arranges regional\nconsultations, and the Horn of Africa is in the plan. While the initial focus was on sudden-onset\ndisasters, there is an increasing understanding that slow-onset disasters such as drought cannot be\nignored.\n\n\nThe Kenyan and Egyptian contexts provide the possibility to explore what existing laws and\nnormative gaps can mean for people on the ground. Perhaps the gap identified in Geneva by\nlegal experts is not the same on the ground. Perhaps there are other gaps on the ground. In this\nsense the study focuses on \u201cthe living law\u201d (Ehrlich, 1936/2009). Eugen Ehrlich, widely\nconsidered one of the founders of sociology of law, wrote that, \u201cliving law in contradistinction to\nthat which is being enforced in the courts and other tribunals [\u2026] is the law which dominates life\nitself (Ehrlich, 1936/2009: 493).\u201d\n\n\nDoctrinal lawyers largely argue and establish what the law is by following the method they\nbelieve a judge would. The 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice article 38 is\ntherefore considered a general expression of what sources we can use when determining\ninternational law. This will not necessarily tell us what \u201cthe living law\u201d is, however. As Ehrlich\nwrote,\n\n\nOnly a tiny bit of real life is brought before the courts and other\ntribunals; and much is excluded from litigation [\u2026] Moreover the legal\nrelation which is being litigated shows distorted features which are\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "quite different from, and foreign to, the same relation when it is in\nrepose [\u2026] The sociological method therefore demands absolutely that\nthe results which are obtained from the judicial decisions be\nsupplemented by direct observation of life (Ehrlich, 1936/2009: 495).\n\n\nThe primary motivation for this study is the understanding that we need to explore the\nexperiences of those directly affected as well as responses by governments and other actors on\nthe ground to enhance the effective rights of those displaced. For any new state-created laws or\npolicies to be effective, we must also consider how they fit with the larger context, including \u201cthe\nliving law\u201d (Ehrlich, 1936/2009).\n\n\nIn the following, I present the research questions and methodology of this study, and its main\nfindings. Finally, I highlight some of the most interesting findings and discuss what implications\nthe study may have for initiatives to enhance rights.\n\n\n**Research questions and methodology**\n\n\nThis study is inspired by a rights approach and in particular the structure of the 1998 Guiding\nPrinciples on Internal Displacement: First, the Principles address protection from displacement,\nthen protection during displacement, and finally, durable solutions to the displacement. This\nstudy was driven by the following questions: How did Somalis experience the 2011 drought and\nmovement out of Somalia? And, indirectly, what could have been done to prevent the\ndisplacement? What were their experiences of entering and being exiled in Kenya and Egypt?\nWhat are the responses from the government, UN and other humanitarian actors, and the civil\nsociety? What are the Somalis\u2019 and other actors\u2019 thoughts about future solutions to their\ndisplacement?\n\n\nThere have been some studies exploring environmental change and human mobility on the Horn\nof Africa. Morrissey (2008) explored how environmental change can be one of several factors\ncontributing to rural-urban migration within Ethiopia. Zetter (2011) explored the capacity of\nlegal and normative frameworks in selected countries, including Kenya, with regards to\nenvironmental change and human mobility. Kolmannskog (2010) explored experiences of\ninternal as well as cross-border disaster-related displacement, and the responses from\ngovernments, UN agencies and NGOs in Somalia, Kenya and Burundi. Afifi et al. (2012)\ninterviewed displaced people in Uganda and Ethiopia and explored how environmental factors\ninfluenced their decision to move. The present study is an important addition to the increasing\nresearch base. In comparison to the other studies it focuses on Somalis displaced to Egypt as well\nas Kenya and is carried out within the context of the 2011 drought.\n\n\nThe two case studies presented here are from Dadaab, Kenya, and Cairo, Egypt. Kenya is the\nAfrican country with the largest Somali displaced community, hosting more than 500 000\nSomalis (Lindley, 2011). Egypt was chosen partly due to its status as a destination and transit\ncountry and partly due to differences from Kenya in terms of geographical distance, legal\nframeworks, conditions for Somalis in general and the socio-political context more broadly.\n\n\nAt the time of the visits, Kenya had troops in Somalia and was experiencing security incidents\nlabelled as terrorist attacks and was planning to have elections in a year\u2019s time. The situation in\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "post-revolutionary Cairo, Egypt, was characterised by tension and change with many people\ndiscontent with the run-up to presidential elections and recent (lack of) sentencing of Mubarak\nand other ex-officials. While refugees were very much part of the political discourse in Kenya,\nthey were not so much the focus for Egyptians.\n\n\nDisaster-related displacement is a complex and inter-linked social, political and environmental\nphenomenon. The case study approach allows for a process where the researcher seeks to\ndescribe and explore a phenomenon in qualitative, complex and holistic terms over a certain time\nperiod (Yin, 2003). While the previous as well as this section has sketched out a certain\nconceptual background, the case studies presented are largely inductive, i.e. the studied empirical\nreality is the basis of successive discovery of connections and explanations.\n\n\nField visits were undertaken from 28th to 30th May 2012 in the Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya,\nfrom 31st May to 3rd June 2012 in Nairobi, Kenya, and from 4th to 6th June 2012 in Cairo,\nEgypt. Methods of data collection included semi-structured individual interviews (8 in Kenya)\nand group discussions with displaced people (3 people in a group in Egypt). Following a\nphenomenological approach, their subjective experiences were in focus. The selection criteria\nincluded originating in Somalia, being displaced, and having moved partly due to the 2011\ndrought and famine (self-identified). We wanted a balance in gender and age, and people with\nrefugee status as well as people with less regularised status. Interviews were mainly carried out\nby the author of this paper with some assistance from the climate adviser of the Norwegian\nRefugee Council (NRC), Tine Ramstad.\n\n\nNRC Kenya assisted with identifying interviewees in Dadaab. The agency has no role in status\ndetermination or resettlement decisions, but their participation could be problematic since they\nare among the service providers in the refugee camps. We also chose to have an NRC\nrepresentative present during most interviews in Dadaab. This was due to interpretation needs,\nNRC Kenya\u2019s ability to provide experience-based comments along the way and to ensure that\ncritical issues that were raised by interviewees could be noted and addressed by NRC or another\nagency.\n\n\nThe interviews took place in NRC offices in the camps. Although movement was severely\nrestricted due to security concerns, there were some visits in the camps and a certain level of\nparticipatory observations. In Egypt, the Arab Network for Environment and Development\n(RAED) and the Psycho-Social Training Institute in Cairo (PSTIC) provided support. The group\ndiscussion took place in the offices of RAED due to security concerns.\n\n\nIn addition interviewing the displaced Somalis, a short desk-study and other key stakeholder\ninterviews were undertaken. Interviewees included NRC, UNHCR and other humanitarian and\ndevelopment agency staff in Kenya and Egypt as well as government officials. We also had one\ndiscussion group (10 people) in Dadaab consisting of people belonging to the host community.\nThe information from the interviews with the displaced people informed the desk-study and\nthese other interviews and vice versa so there was a constant dynamic between the different\nmethods and data sources used. The study also draws on some existing quantitative data\n(Enghoff et al., 2010; Refugee Consortium of Kenya, 2012).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case study approach", - "confidence": 0.6600315570831299, - "start": 72, - "end": 75 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Yin", - "confidence": 0.931914746761322, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.5019742250442505, - "start": 104, - "end": 105 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "case studies", - "confidence": 0.5335953235626221, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Yin", - "confidence": 0.553865909576416, - "start": 102, - "end": 103 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya", - "confidence": 0.60932856798172, - "start": 162, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "semi-structured individual interviews", - "confidence": 0.8309401273727417, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "author of this paper", - "confidence": 0.6433221101760864, - "start": 289, - "end": 293 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced people", - "confidence": 0.5409843921661377, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "group discussions with displaced people", - "confidence": 0.538949191570282, - "start": 206, - "end": 211 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.520918071269989, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced people", - "confidence": 0.6320807933807373, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "desk-study", - "confidence": 0.8673854470252991, - "start": 493, - "end": 494 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.6560013294219971, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.588848352432251, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced Somalis", - "confidence": 0.9551492929458618, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quantitative data", - "confidence": 0.6730620265007019, - "start": 586, - "end": 588 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Enghoff et al.", - "confidence": 0.9580220580101013, - "start": 589, - "end": 593 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.6567797660827637, - "start": 515, - "end": 516 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.5634357333183289, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The triangulation \u2013 both in terms of the variety of data sources and methods \u2013 and the\nexploration of two cases comparatively increase the credibility and quality of the findings. The\nstudy must be read against the several limitations mentioned, however, including the short field\nvisits which did not enable trust and relationships to build and much participatory observation to\nbe carried out, as well as NGO participation in selection of interviewees and interpretation (See\nJacobsen and Landau, 2003, for these and other typical flaws of refugee research).\n\n\nAfter analysing the information gathered, the study identified a number of key findings that have\nbeen organised into a structure that also works as a chronological narrative: perceived causes for\nthe drought and displacement, challenges of crossing the border and fitting into the refugee\ncategory, basic needs and experiences during displacement, and thinking about the future. These\nkey findings are presented and discussed in the following sections using quotes from the\ndisplaced persons and supplementary references from other interviews and literature.\n\n\n**Perceived causes for the drought and displacement**\n\n\n_Livelihoods and coping mechanisms during drought_\n\n\nThe concept of sustainable livelihoods can be defined as the means, activities, entitlements and\nassets by which people make a living including natural, social, human, physical and financial\ncapital (Scoones, 1998; Ellis, 1999). Without exception the interviewees mentioned (lack of)\nlivelihood options as one of the main reasons for leaving Somalia. Most interviewees in Dadaab\nwere pastoralists, farmers or agro-pastoralists. The interviewees in Cairo had had other\nlivelihoods, but they as well had agro-pastoralist family backgrounds.\n\n\nThe climate-sensitive livelihoods, poverty and conflict make people very vulnerable to natural\nhazard-related disasters. At the same time, the agro-pastoralist lifestyle has traditionally been an\nadaptation to the environment. \u201cDuring previous droughts, we could live of livestock or even sell\nlivestock to survive. Now all the livestock was dying \u2013 even donkeys. It is the worst drought I\nhave experienced,\u201d said Yussuf (72).\n\n\nAs in previous studies (Kolmannskog, 2010; Afifi et al, 2012) interviewees had perceived shifts\nin the weather over the last decades \u2013 including increased frequency and intensity of droughts\nand floods \u2013 and explained how this had direct impacts on those involved in agricultural and\npastoral livelihoods and affected others indirectly through shortage of products and higher prices.\nThe Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) and the Famine Early Warning\nSystems Network (FEWSNET) reported that one of the main causes for the famine was the total\nfailure of the October-December 2010 _Deyr_ rains and the poor performance of the April-June\n2011 _Gu_ rains (FSNAU and FEWSNET 2011b). The lack of rain resulted in the worst annual\ncrop production in 17 years, high animal mortality, and soaring food prices.\n\n\nMany Somalis put their pride in the pastoralist lifestyle. Changing to another livelihood is\ntherefore also a challenge to cultural and socio-psychological notions of identity. Especially\nyounger interviewees, however, shared their thoughts about the limitations of Somalia\u2019s current\neconomy and livelihood options. Ahmed (32) felt that \u201cthere should be vocational training for\nthe youth so that they have some way of surviving other than through livestock and farming.\u201d\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "quotes from the\ndisplaced persons", - "confidence": 0.737008810043335, - "start": 171, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "displaced persons", - "confidence": 0.7639586329460144, - "start": 174, - "end": 176 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Before leaving the country the interviewees had tried their best to cope in their place of origin\nand move internally. This is consistent with the findings in other studies (Kolmannskog, 2010;\nAfifi et al., 2012). Many reported to have sold the little livestock they had left as well as part of\ntheir land, worked for farmers who had access to borehole water, fetched and sold firewood,\nmoved internally \u2013 especially into towns \u2013 to get assistance in IDP camps or work in the markets.\nSome got assistance from local NGOs and Arab organisations that were allowed in, but \u201cwe were\ntoo many to support\u201d as one interviewee put it.\n\n\nNormal support mechanisms such as clan and community networks also broke down. \u201cYou can\nonly get assistance from someone who is in a better position than you. During the last drought,\neveryone I knew was in the same bad situation,\u201d said Fartun (34). Some interviewees reported\nthat they had to stay and suffer for a long time because they did not have the necessary resources\nto make the journey out of the country. Often families sent some members to seek assistance.\nSome people stayed behind to care for an aging mother or father. Others, especially the old and\nweak, were left behind.\n\n\nGetting training and new skills in Dadaab was mentioned as a main reason for going there rather\nthan elsewhere. One could therefore say that livelihood options or the lack of these was both a\n\u201cpush\u201d and a \u201cpull\u201d factor; such terminology should not overshadow the agency and complexity\ninvolved in decisions to move, however.\n\n\n_Armed conflict exacerbated the drought and famine_\n\n\nIn Somalia, it is difficult to separate drought and conflict. \u201cI believe drought and civil war are\ntwins that have come together to plague my country,\u201d said Ahmed (32). A statement by\nAbdinoor (49), community leader in one of the refugee settlements in Dadaab, was\nrepresentative of many people\u2019s views, \u201cWhen there is only a drought, the government or\ninternational agencies will come in and give assistance so you can cope. When there is a conflict,\nagencies cannot come and help. People fled because there was no assistance, and the reason was\nthe conflict.\u201d\n\n\nWhile many believed that natural hazard-related disasters are the will of God, all interviewees\nwere also clear about the human factor. Previous studies also describe how state failure and\nviolent conflict exacerbate natural hazard-related disasters and reduce people\u2019s adaptive capacity\n(Kolmannskog, 2010; Afifi et al, 2012). FSNAU and FEWSNET (2011 b) also claimed that the\nlack of humanitarian assistance and access was one of the main causes of the famine.\nHumanitarian assistance was extremely limited until September due to inadequate funding and\nintervention by the international community, and armed groups severely restricting humanitarian\naccess. As Amartya Sen (1999) has pointed out, famines rarely happen in democratic countries.\n\n\nArmed groups were not only hindering humanitarian access and thereby forcing people to move,\nthey were also seeking to hinder people in moving (See also Lindley 2011). Several interviewees\nhad not been allowed to leave and finally got away by saying they had a funeral to go to or\nsneaking away at night. The armed conflict played a role in both triggering and hindering the\nmovement of people.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Crossing the border and fitting into the refugee category**\n\n\n_Forced displacement_\n\nIt is a challenge to delineate when or how we can talk of forced displacement rather than\nvoluntary migration in slow-onset, gradual disasters. In law, policy and practice displaced\npersons are treated differently, often as a category of persons more in need, and therefore with\nstronger rights, than migrants. The answers from the interviewees varied but all said they had\nbeen forcibly displaced. \u201cYes, I was forced because I needed assistance. No, nobody forced me\nto leave,\u201d said Aden (27) illustrating the complexity of force. \u201cOne of my uncles became sick\ndue to lack of food and died. I was on the verge of a mental breakdown,\u201d said Ahmed (32). \u201cI\nwas forced to leave by the drought. I wanted to stay in my home country. I became desperate.\u201d\nThe fact that movement out of the country only happened as a last measure also supports the\nview that the movement was forced.\n\n\nOne can also question how one can speak of displacement in a pastoralist context. The Somali\npastoralists have always been moving. It is their way of life. According to Yussuf M. (72), last\nyear was different, though. It was not like previous droughts when they could still go to the\ntraditional areas of pasture and let the animals graze. \u201cI was forced to leave by the\ncircumstances,\u201d he said. Ruth Haug (2002: 76) also talks of displacement in a study about the\nnomadic Hawaweer in Sudan, but underlines that \u201cwhat was forced and not forced can vary\nwithin the same group\u201d with some people forced or choosing to stay and some people forced or\nchoosing to leave. Kolmannskog (2010) also explored this issue.\n\n\n_Crossing the closed border to Kenya_\n\n\nA main challenge for people displaced is to be able and allowed to enter another country and get\na legal status with rights there. The Kenyan-Somali border has been officially closed since 2007.\nThe Kenyan government argues that this is needed because of the armed conflict in the\nneighbouring country and the risk of combatants moving into Kenya. According to the Refugee\nConsortium of Kenya (2012), the continued refusal by the government of Kenya to open the\nborder and the lack of access to nutrition, health, water, transport and other essentials at the\nborder was an extraordinary protection failure, contributing for several months to excess\nmortality in the first days of arrival in the camps. 27 per cent of interviewees in their survey who\nmet police reported arrest, threats or extortion.\n\n\nWhile there were instances of _refoulement_ - returning refugees to an area where their life and\nfreedom would be threatened \u2013 the Kenyans could not patrol the whole length of the border and\nit was highly permeable. None of the interviewees in the present case study had encountered\npolice or military personnel when crossing the border. People seemed to take more dangerous\nroutes \u2013 perhaps to be to cross unnoticed \u2013 and some reported being attacked by bandits. By\nSeptember 2011, Dadaab in Kenya had received more than 140 000 new Somalis.\n\n\n_Prima facie refugees in Kenya \u2013 but not registered_\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Kenya is a signatory to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967\nProtocol as well as the 1969 African Union Convention governing the Specific Aspects of\nRefugee Problems in Africa. There is also domestic legislation such as the 2006 Refugees Act\nand the 2011 Refugees Bill. Kenyan authorities have delegated most matters to UNHCR,\nincluding refugee status determination, but are increasingly assuming responsibilities. Due to the\ngeneralised violence in South Central Somalia, the government and UNHCR Kenya consider that\nall people coming from this area are ( _prima facie_ ) refugees according to the African Convention\ndefinition.\n\n\nInterviewees for this case study along with 43 per cent of surveyed new arrivals said that they\nhad come to the camps as a result of the drought and famine, in search of livelihoods,\nresettlement, family members or some combination of these reasons (Refugee Consortium of\nKenya, 2012). This did not gone unnoticed in government circles. Last year, the government of\nKenya (2011) stated that, \u201c[t]he current influx of refugees into Kenya is of Somalis seeking food\nand not people running away from violence. The refugees are coming into Kenya to get food due\nto the severe drought situation in Somalia.\u201d The Refugee Consortium of Kenya believes that the\nlarge numbers of people coming for reasons that are not recognised in any of the refugee\nconventions can undermine the _prima facie_ status in the long run.\n\n\nOn the other hand, it is worth noticing that the official statement from the government of Kenya\n(2011) last year employed the refugee label for this group as well, and claimed that, \u201cKenya has\nwelcomed all refugees and assisted them.\u201d One could argue that many of the Somalis were in\nfact traditional refugees because armed conflict and persecution played a role in their\ndisplacement (See also Kolmannskog, 2012). \u201cIn 2011 most people came due to drought and the\nfighting. Since there are two reasons, we accept them. The fighting is the reason considered,\u201d\nsaid one Department of Refugee Affairs interviewee. Moreover, law is only one of many tools in\nnegotiations on the ground. Diplomacy from UNHCR, the tight relationship between the agency\nand the government, a sense of African solidarity in the face of extreme suffering and the world\nwatching them weighed heavily in Kenya\u2019s decision, according to interviews and observations.\nZetter (2011) also found that the 1951 Convention worked as a protection instrument for\ndisaster-related displacement in Kenya, and emphasized the importance of contextual factors\napart from formal law.\n\n\nThe Kenyan response was complex, however. Already having closed its borders, Kenya stopped\nregistering new arrivals in October 2011 referring to security concerns. One UNHCR\ninterviewee believed this might also be because most people seemed to fall outside the traditional\nrefugee concept and said that UNHCR were negotiating with the government to start registration\nagain. Several interviewees were still not registered at the time of the case study. Officially they\nonly qualified for basic food assistance. While some agencies focused more on their needs than\ntheir official status, the lacking registration had an undisputed effect. The needs and challenges\nduring displacement are discussed further below.\n\n\n_Getting to Egypt_\n\n\nEgypt is a refugee-receiving as well as transit country. According to a UNHCR interviewee,\nthere was a slight increase in Somali asylum seekers during 2011 that might be attributed to the\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "drought and famine in Somalia. Another explanatory factor is that many foreigners were\nprompted to register as refugees due to the revolution and uncertain situation that entailed. The\nnumbers are minimal compared to the numbers in Kenya. In January 2012 there were 6 600\nrefugees and 1 400 registered asylum seekers from Somalia (UNHCR Egypt, 2012). \u201cTo get\nhere, you need resources. Those who walked went to Dadaab,\u201d said the UNHCR interviewee. In\naddition the government often detains people moving in an irregular manner, including asylum\nseekers (UNHCR Egypt, 2012).\n\n\nThe interviewees in Cairo were single and male. They had been working in the transport sector\nin Somalia, but their family backgrounds were agro-pastoralist. This is in line with other studies\non Somalis in Cairo which state that \u201c[t]he current groups are a more heterogeneous mix of\nSomalis of rural and urban background. They also have much less education (al-Sharmani 2003:\n7).\u201d\n\n\nAmong the interviewees for this case study, some had managed to get a student visa through\nfamily connections and a flight ticket, but others had \u2013 contrary to the assumption of the\nUNHCR interviewee \u2013 walked all the way. Together with his family, Ahmed (32) first went to a\ncamp for internally displaced persons in Mogadishu in search of basic assistance. Because there\nwas no assistance to be found and they got increasingly desperate, he left the country. \u201cI started\nin Ethiopia where I met some Oromo people. I went with them through Ethiopia. We travelled\nthrough Sudan for three months. I crossed the desert.\u201d\n\n\n_Qualifying for refugee status in Egypt_\n\n\nEgypt is also party to the 1951 Refugee Convention, its 1967 Protocol as well as the 1969\nAfrican Union Convention; and, registration, documentation and refugee status determination are\ncarried out by UNHCR (UNHCR Egypt, 2012). A major difference from Kenya is that there is\nindividual refugee status determination rather than _prima facie_ group determination. Each\nindividual must meet all criteria in the refugee definitions, including showing that the reason for\nthe displacement is persecution or generalised violence.\n\n\nThis means that some people adjust or highlight certain parts of their narratives. \u201cPeople would\nnot come to the office and say that they came due to drought,\u201d said the UNHCR interviewee. \u201cIn\nEgypt the Oromo took me to the UNHCR office in Cairo,\u201d said Ahmed (32). \u201cI told them how I\nlost family members in the drought and fighting. Now I am waiting to have my case decided.\u201d At\nthe time of the field visit the status of several of the interviewees was undecided and they were in\na state of waiting.\n\n\nIn Egypt and the Arab world there is another relevant regional convention being developed. The\nArab Convention on Regulating Status of Refugees in the Arab Countries article 1 explicitly\nrecognises as refugees those who flee \u201cbecause of natural disasters or grave events resulting in\nmajor disruption of public order in the whole country or any part thereof.\u201d The convention must\nbe ratified by the Arab Parliament before it is presented to each Arab state for ratification. At the\ntime of the visit, its current status was just a draft and not applicable in any country. UNHCR\nwas working with the Arab states to have it ratified.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_The case of the Somalilanders_\n\n\nMany Somalilanders would in theory fall outside the currently binding refugee definitions since\ntheir home is considered to be relatively peaceful. \u201cMy father is originally from the North,\nSomaliland. He went there,\u201d explained Ahmed (32). \u201cBut I don't know Somaliland. I didn\u2019t want\nto go.\u201d All interviewees for this study said they were from South Central Somalia. Information\nabout the Somalilanders is based mainly on the interview with the UNHCR Egypt official.\n\n\n\u201cI am sure we have recognised many of the Somalilanders as refugees,\u201d she said. \u201cThere has\neven been conflicts within the Somali community because they are seen as taking the\nresettlement places from other Somalis. But the Somalis keep it to themselves rather than taking\nit to UNHCR and spoiling the whole group\u2019s opportunities.\u201d\n\n\nUNHCR Egypt asked their headquarters in Geneva whether they should make any changes with\nregards to returns to Somaliland during the 2011 drought but did not get any clear advice. \u201cSince\nEgypt does not deport people anyway, it was not so important to request a stop of deportations,\u201d\nsaid the UNHCR interviewee.\n\n\nAfter the recent political changes in Libya many refugees and migrants fled the country, some to\nEgypt. Among them there was also a group of Somalilanders who are not recognised as refugees.\n\u201cThey talk about the drought a lot and say that they should not be returned on humanitarian\ngrounds. Originally they said they were from South Central Somalia. When we found out that\nthis was not correct, they admitted that they were from Somaliland and could not go home due to\nthe drought and lack of economic opportunities,\u201d said the UNHCR interviewee. \u201cWe have said to\nthem that if Egypt allows them in, ok. Otherwise they have to go home. We can understand that\nthey don't want to go home, but no resettlement country would take them either. They would\nrather go back to Libya or try to get smuggled elsewhere than go back I think.\u201d\n\n\n**Basic needs and experiences during displacement**\n\n\n_Shelter, security and sexual violence in Dadaab_\n\nKenya gives refugees temporary protection and contains them in camps run by UNHCR and\nNGOs in remote areas of the country. Kenyan official law restricts refugees\u2019 freedom of\nmovement. Dadaab, in Kenya\u2019s North Eastern Province, consists of several camps and is home\nto the world\u2019s largest refugee settlement with almost 500 000 refugees, most of whom are\nSomali.\n\n\nWhile the need for shelter and security is universal, women face particular challenges. When the\ndrought of 2009 struck, Fatima\u2019s (21) husband left her and their new-born \u2013 allegedly to find\nbetter opportunities for them. Fatima got herself and the baby through the droughts of 2009,\n2010 and 2011 by fetching and selling firewood and receiving assistance from an Arab NGO.\nEarly 2012 someone told her that she might find her husband in Dadaab. She went there but did\nnot find him. At the time of the interview she was not registered and hardly received any\nassistance. \u201cI don\u2019t know anyone here. I am depending on the good will of strangers for food and\nshelter. I am sleeping outside with my child. We are afraid.\u201d\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Dadaab there is wind, dust, hot days and cold nights, wild animals, rapists and thieves. Several\nfemale interviewees mentioned their fear of sexual and gender-based violence due to lack of\nproper shelter. They also risked such violence when they went outside the camps to collect\nfirewood. Fatima Y. (30) said that she bought firewood from a neighbour with food rations\nbecause she feared rape. Women also had to leave the relative safety of the camps to relieve\nthemselves since latrines in the camps were not gender-sensitive. In a survey 14 percent of\nrespondents said that they had themselves been exposed to gender-based violence, whilst 31\npercent said they knew of somebody else who had had such an experience (Refugee Consortium\nof Kenya, 2012). Proper shelter, safe access to firewood, water and sanitation are crucial also for\nthe protection against sexual and gender-based violence.\n\n\nWhile women face particular challenges, safety is a general concern. 56 percent of respondents\nin the survey felt unsafe in the camps (Refugee Consortium of Kenya, 2012). Among the\nreported reasons were the increase in bombs and improvised explosive devices and the presence\nof Somali armed groups. Ten percent felt there was insufficient police presence in the camps.\nHowever, 11 percent felt the Kenyan police actually posed a threat to the security of the camp\npopulation. According to interviews undertaken for this case study, the police sometimes target\nthe refugee population in an indiscriminate manner after security incidents or attacks from\nSomali armed groups.\n\n\n_Food, training and livelihoods in Dadaab_\n\n\nWhen people were arriving from famine severely malnourished, food distribution and health care\nwas imperative. At the time of the interview, most interviewees in Dadaab said that they were\nhappy that they were receiving food rations, but they would have preferred to work.\n\n\nYussuf (72), who had been a pastoralist his whole life, said, \u201cI would prefer to have some\nlivestock and a small farm here or trade animals since I am used to livestock and farming.\u201d\nFormally, their right to work is restricted in Kenya. \u201cThere are not many opportunities for\nlivelihood interventions,\u201d said a UNHCR interviewee. \u201cSadly, Kenya equates self-reliance with\nlocal integration, and they don't want that. But self-reliance will be helpful also for a potential\nreturn.\u201d Still, some refugees have animals and small plots of land \u2013 and this is tolerated in\nDadaab \u2013 others have businesses, and still others work for the agencies in the camp as \u201cincentive\nworkers\u201d on a lower salary than that given to Kenyans.\n\n\nWhile some wanted to continue with agro-pastoralist livelihoods, others were hoping to get new\nskills. Despite the grim prospects of getting a job, education and training can provide some\npurpose and hope for the future. \u201cMy children are now in school and get an education so that\nthey can work. This is my hope for the future,\u201d said Fatima Y. (30). NGO staff said that there\nwere challenges, however. \u201cNot everyone gets a place in the schools or training programmes,\nand even if they do, not everyone can afford school books and uniforms.\u201d According to the\nRefugee Consortium of Kenya (2012), the right to education is compromised in the context of\nchronic overcrowding, and the lack of opportunity for refugees to work causes frustration and\ngenerates further protection risks.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9711962938308716, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8988485336303711, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Refugee Consortium\nof Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9231072664260864, - "start": 133, - "end": 137 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dadaab", - "confidence": 0.7263746857643127, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.898114800453186, - "start": 138, - "end": 139 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.9540637135505676, - "start": 105, - "end": 106 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9757714867591858, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8277587890625, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Refugee Consortium of Kenya", - "confidence": 0.7492440938949585, - "start": 189, - "end": 193 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps", - "confidence": 0.5808976888656616, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2012", - "confidence": 0.6826663613319397, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.71018385887146, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Shelter, education, livelihoods and health in Cairo_\n\n\nGenerally, Somalis are welcomed and positively regarded by Egyptians. They share the same\nreligion, Islam, but there are significant ethnic, cultural and linguistic differences. Egypt has\nmade reservations against several of the social and economic rights in the refugee conventions.\nRefugees have limited access to work, health services and education and no right to permanent\nresidency.\n\n\nRent is often one of the main expenses for asylum seekers and refugees in Cairo. The\ninterviewees said that often the newcomers lived together in a shared apartment. Some lived with\nfriends or distant relatives or did housework in exchange for free shelter. The Al-Azhar school\nwas also mentioned as an institution that offers residence through school enrolment. UNHCR\nalso has some education grants.\n\n\n\u201cMost refugees do some sort of work, mostly informal and among themselves,\u201d said a UNHCR\ninterviewee. Other studies have also found that much of the income-generating activity is carried\nout within the Somali refugee community, and includes selling clothes and food, housekeeping\nand teaching (al-Sharmani, 2003). Ahmed (32) said, \u201cWe are young so UNHCR says we should\ngo and work. I don't get any assistance. I clean. I do anything to survive here. It is tough since\nforeigners are not really allowed to work. We work with Egyptians. Most of them are good\npeople.\u201d Abdi (25) had a different experience, \u201cI clean in a bakery. Sometimes my boss changes\nthe terms of our agreement. I cannot complain because I am afraid of losing the job and\ninsecurity.\u201d The interviewees also mentioned that remittances were important to their survival.\nThis is well known from other literature (al-Sharmani, 2003).\n\n\nAbout a quarter of the refugee population receives some financial assistance from UNHCR. \u201cWe\nare working on creating livelihood interventions,\u201d said the UNHCR interviewee. \u201cIt is part of the\nurban refugee policy to encourage self-reliance even where there is no formal right to work.\u201d\n\n\nMental health, and the importance of services to address this, was raised by several of the\ndisplaced Somalis as well as other interviewees. \u201cOne of the main challenges is that all of us are\nvery depressed,\u201d said Ahmed (32). He identified both the drought and their current situation as\ncauses. \u201cEvery time I hear the word drought I feel miserable. I felt depressed and was unable to\nspeak. I was on the verge of a mental breakdown. Here we are in the middle. If we try to go to\nEurope, we die in the Mediterranean. In Somalia we die of conflict and drought.\u201d Interviewees\nalso reported that _buufis_, an over-weaning preoccupation with resettlement had psychosomatic\neffects, which are also known in existing literature (al-Sharmani, 2003; Lindley, 2011). UNHCR\ngives refugees some support to access health care.\n\n\n**Thinking about the future**\n\n\n_Returning to peace and better livelihoods_\n\n\n\u201cIf the situation improves in Somalia, the only solution is voluntary repatriation,\u201d said a Kenyan\nDepartment of Refugee Affairs interviewee. In 2011 the government of Kenya (2011) had also\nadvocated for solutions inside Somalia with food drops and feeding centres where the security\nwas assured by the Somali Transitional Government and the African Peace Keeping Force\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "AMISON. According to the government of Kenya (2011), this solution \u201cwould also enable the\nrefugees to return to their homes as soon as the drought situation improves so that they not\nremain as refugees.\u201d\n\n\nBut the situation still remains too unstable for mass repatriation, and most refugees are not\nwilling to return under the current conditions (Lindley, 2011; Refugee Consortium of Kenya,\n2012). \u201cI would rather be a refugee than return to Somalia,\u201d said Fatima Y. (30). Many Kenyans\nsympathise with them. Hassan (27), a youth leader in the host community in Dadaab, said, \u201cI\ncould not ask the refugees to go back. I see on internet how bad the situation is in Somalia.\u201d\n\n\nFor some interviewees their aim was to eventually return. \u201cThey say that everyone wants\nresettlement. Not me!\u201d said Ahmed (32). \u201cAs long as I am not home, I am loosing time. If there\nis security and I had a ticket in my hand, I would return home today!\u201d A stable government and\npeace was a prerequisite for all interviewees. All of the interviewees in Dadaab still had some\nland in Somalia that relatives or neighbours looked after. Many had sold their farm tools and\nanimals and would need assistance in obtaining such resources. Improved access to water\nthrough for example boreholes and irrigation was also mentioned.\n\n\nAs Haug (2002: 71) writes, \u201cThe return process is not about going home or back in time to\nregain something that once existed, it creates an entirely new situation.\u201d For many, it was\nimportant that they or their children had some new skills before returning. \u201cI could go back when\nmy children have some education and skills and can make a better life for themselves than I\ncould,\u201d said Abdinoor (49). Abdi (25) dreamt of a future Somalia: \u201cIn the future I would like to\nopen a tourist hotel and restaurant on Kismayo beach. Tourists could come and swim, sunbathe,\neat and stay at my hotel.\u201d\n\n\n_De facto, gradual integration in Dadaab_\n\n\nKibreab (1989: 469) defines integration as the \u201ceconomic, social, and cultural process by which\nthe refugees become members of the host society on a permanent basis.\u201d al-Sharmani (2003: 4)\nrefers to Frechette (1994) and stresses the importance of viewing integration as \u201ca continuum, as\na process of varying degrees and forms of \u2018acceptance, participation, and change\u2019 in which both\nthe refugees and host society are involved.\u201d\n\n\nSome refugees have been living in Dadaab for 20 years. The camps have become a bustling\nbusiness centre. With formal economic opportunities so limited, many engage in informal trade.\nThe localisation of the refugee camps in Dadaab is not without importance. The North Eastern\nProvince is ethnically Somali, it is arid to semi-arid and has historically been marginalised.\nInterviewees from the host community emphasised that the relationship between the two groups\nwas good, including inter-marriage.\n\n\nWhile complaining of loss of grazing land, increasing environmental degradation and that\nrefugees were getting more attention and assistance than them, the interviewees also admitted\nthat the camps had benefits. A socioeconomic survey in 2010 confirms that, while there are some\nnegative environmental impacts in the immediate vicinity of the camps, the total economic\nbenefits are some 14 million USD annually, around 25 per cent of the average per capita income\nin the province (Enghoff, M. et al., 2010).\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.9987564086914062, - "start": 612, - "end": 614 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9254952073097229, - "start": 613, - "end": 614 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Enghoff, M. et al.", - "confidence": 0.9512705206871033, - "start": 659, - "end": 666 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "province", - "confidence": 0.7746842503547668, - "start": 657, - "end": 658 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2010", - "confidence": 0.9990652203559875, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewees", - "confidence": 0.8220608234405518, - "start": 602, - "end": 603 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Formally, the chances of upgrading one\u2019s status from _prima facie_ refugee to citizen are slim, but\nsome had obtained Kenyan national ID cards from corrupt officials, and others taken up IDs\noffered by MPs who wanted their vote (See also Lindley, 2011). Despite the restrictions in\nfreedom of movement, some moved to Nairobi and elsewhere. It also happens that members of\nthe host community register as refugees to get access to certain camp services (See also Enghoff,\nM. et al., 2010). Refugee and citizen seem to be less rigid categories than one would first think.\nThe majority, however, does not have resources to make these changes. As already mentioned,\nmany of those arriving after October 2011 were not even registered and had problems accessing\nthe most basic services. With bomb explosions and other security incidents occurring more\nfrequently, there is also rising xenophobia in Kenya (Wambua-Soi, 2012).\n\n\nA Department of Refugee Affairs interviewee admitted, \u201cSome local integration may be taking\nplace. But setting aside land and opening up for naturalisation is very difficult. In Kenya land is\nvery emotive.\u201d According to an NGO staff in Dadaab who was also a native of the area, there\nwas no question about it: \u201cOf course local integration is happening. It\u2019s just that UNHCR and the\ngovernment don\u2019t want to talk about it.\u201d\n\n\nAs Lindley (2011: 37) recommends, \u201cOptions for piecemeal approaches (i.e. identifying eligible\nsubgroups such as very long-term refugees/qualified professionals) or gradual approaches to\nintegration (i.e. identifying progressive pathways to fuller legal status, contingent on the\nfulfilment of particular conditions) merit exploration. A rather modest example would be the\neasing of work permit requirements.\u201d\n\n\nConsidering the bigger picture of how the camps and refugees have benefited the host\ncommunity, Lindley (2011: 41) suggests that, \u201cRather than trying to \u2018compensate\u2019 host\ncommunities to prevent conflict, a better approach would be to adopt wider development\napproaches targeting refugee-hosting areas.\u201d The new Kenyan constitution provides greater\ndevolution of power to the districts, something which may provide a better context for economic\ndevelopment and integration. Some Somali Kenyans have become prominent in Kenyan politics,\nprompting hopes for better representation. Overall, the Somali influx may have contributed to the\ndevelopment of the North Eastern Province.\n\n\n_No future in Egypt_\n\n\nThe interviewees in Cairo reported that they had little interaction with Egyptians \u2013 although\nsome worked for them. All interviewees lived in Somali areas of Nasr city. They did not speak\nEgyptian Arabic. Some reported that Egyptians made fun of their accent or that there had been\ninstances of racism. They did not see any future in Egypt.\n\n\n_Resettlement and onward movement to third countries_\n\n\nThe resettlement process rests on a two-fold rationale (Lindley, 2011). Some refugees\u2019 protection\nmay be better secured in a third country. Second, through resettlement, other countries share the\ninternational responsibility for protecting refugees. UNHCR refers cases to national immigration\nboards. 86 percent in the study of the Refugee Consortium of Kenya (2012) said they wanted\nresettlement if the current situation continues inside Somalia; 59 percent listed it as a preferred\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "option even if the situation improves. Some of the interviewees for this case study also\nmentioned resettlement as a reason for coming to Dadaab. The hope of resettlement may defuse\nsome frustration in the camps, but can easily slip into _buufis_ (Lindley, 2011).\n\nKenya\u2019s position is to promote resettlement as long as return is not possible. With security\nconcerns increasing, several Kenyans are questioning the wisdom of Kenya hosting so many\nSomalis. As Hassan (27) said, \u201cThere are people who hide in the camps. I think Western\ncountries should take more refugees. Kenya has a border with Somalia, and I am afraid Kenya\ncan change if it continues the way it is now.\u201d\n\nMost interviewees in Egypt were also hoping for resettlement. With a higher proportion of\nSomalis being resettled, that may be a reason why many come, according to a UNHCR\ninterviewee. With the current anti-immigration sentiments in developing countries, there is less\nwill to resettle, however. This does not stop people from trying to make it onwards on their own.\n\nAs mentioned before, Ahmed (32) felt that their current situation, being \u201cin the middle\u201d, was part\nof the reason for their depression: \u201cWe are not sure if we will be resettled. We cannot continue\nliving in Egypt. A friend of mine tried crossing from Libya over to Italy and died in the\nMediterranean. If we try to go to Europe, we die in the Mediterranean. In Somalia we die of\nconflict and drought. The solution is in the hands of God.\u201d\n\n\nAccording to UNHCR (2012), more than 1500 irregular migrants or asylum seekers drowned or\nwent missing in 2011 while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea. This happens in one of\nthe world\u2019s most trafficked waters. A series of factors influence developed countries\u2019 will to\naccept refugees, and at the moment the will is little. Several European countries have elaborate\nlegislation protecting refugees. In practice, however, many of them try \u2013 through visa\nregulations, interceptions and other measures \u2013 to make sure that as few asylum seekers as\npossible ever arrive in their countries to be able to enjoy this protection. Some people in search\nof better lives elsewhere persevere in their journey and struggle regardless.\n\n\n**Conclusion**\n\n\nThis study has explored the experiences of Somalis displaced to Kenya and Egypt and responses\nto their displacement. As Flyvbjerg points out,\n\n\nCase studies often contain a substantial element of narrative. Good\nnarratives typically approach the complexities and contradictions of\nreal life. Accordingly, such narratives may be difficult or impossible to\nsummarize into neat scientific formulae, general propositions, and\ntheories [\u2026] To the case-study researcher, however, a particularly\n\u201cthick\u201d and hard-to-summarize narrative is not a problem. Rather, it is\noften a sign that the study has uncovered a particularly rich\nproblematic. The question, therefore, is whether the summarizing and\ngeneralization, which the critics see as an ideal, is always desirable.\n(Flyvbjerg, 2006: 237)\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Case studies", - "confidence": 0.904198944568634, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Flyvbjerg", - "confidence": 0.9660729765892029, - "start": 455, - "end": 456 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2006", - "confidence": 0.634514331817627, - "start": 569, - "end": 570 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "While I hope one of the main effects of these case studies is a greater appreciation of the\ncomplexities on the ground, I do want to conclude by highlighting certain findings and\ndiscussing some of their implications.\n\n\nWithout exception the interviewees mentioned (lack of) livelihood options as one of the main\nreasons for leaving Somalia and going to either Kenya or Egypt. The armed conflict and lack of\nhumanitarian access played an important role in escalating the drought and famine. In terms of\npreventing displacement, this implies that livelihood interventions are necessary, and that we\nhave to somehow address the complex, on-going armed conflict. The interviewees had all\nexperienced the movement as forced displacement. This creates a particular humanitarian\nimperative to act and helps justify processes such as the Nansen Initiative. Addressing root\ncauses of displacement is also related to the facilitation of return. For return to even be an option,\npeace and better livelihood opportunities were necessary.\n\n\nKenya\u2019s response to the Somali mass influx was complex. The government formally recognised\nall people from South Central Somalia as _prima facie_ refugees. This shows how a normative gap\nin Geneva may have different implications on the ground. The most pressing challenges seemed\nto be less related to the formal recognition of refugee status. Several Somalis experienced\ndifficulties in crossing the border and becoming registered. In terms of effective protection and\nassistance interviewees experienced particular challenges related to shelter, security and sexual\nviolence in the camps as well as a lack of training and livelihood opportunities. These challenges\nare probably similar to those of many other refugees in Dadaab and elsewhere in large camps.\n\n\nIn Egypt the Somalis were subject to individual refugee status determination and had to show a\nclearer link to persecution or conflict. In these cases, narratives were often adjusted, and many\nrisked not being recognised as refugees and getting formal legal protection. The interviewees in\nCairo reported challenges related to shelter, work and mental health.\n\n\nThese findings fit with Alexander Betts\u2019 notion of \u201cregime stretching\u201d and own findings:\n\n\n[I]t highlights how international regimes \u2013 as norms, rules, principles,\nand decision-making procedures governing a particular issue area \u2013 are\nnot fixed and static entities that exist in abstraction in Geneva or New\nYork [\u2026] But rather they are dynamic and adaptive, and vary in their\nlocal and national manifestations. Sometimes, the norms (in this case,\ninternational refugee law) and the organization (in this case, the\nUNHCR) may stretch to address unforeseen circumstances but, at other\ntimes, they may not. The question is: When and why does this happen,\nand what does this mean in practical terms for whether (and, if so, how)\nthe refugee regime needs to be reformed? (Betts, 2010: 363)\n\n\nWhile there is \u201cregime stretching\u201d in some cases the study illustrates the importance of initiatives\nto address the challenges of applying the traditional refugee concept in drought and natural\nhazard-related disasters. Developing regional instruments such as the Arab convention, which\nexplicitly recognises natural disasters, might be one way forward, but this requires more\nresearch. While developing new formal legislation remains important, the cases also illustrate the\nlimitations of formal law and the importance of the overall, local context. Important factors in\nKenya\u2019s complex response included security concerns, UNHCR\u2019s relationship with the\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "government, the extreme human suffering, a sense of African solidarity, lack of border control\nresources, the importance of the refugee camps for the development and power of the province\nand province politicians, etc.\n\n\nWhile the Kenyan government is opposed to formal integration, a _de facto_, gradual integration is\ntaking place for some Somalis. Options for piecemeal approaches or gradual approaches to\nintegration merit exploration. It may be, however, that the relevant state law and policy has a\n\u201csymbolic function\u201d (Aubert, 1950; Mathiesen, 2005), that it is important for Kenya to officially\nsay that local integration is not an option while many government officials and others at the same\ntime know that gradual integration is happening and even tolerate this to some degree. Future\nresearch could further explore whether \u2013 and how \u2013 those who fled in the context of drought are\nconsidered differently than other refugees and face particular challenges regarding integration.\nFuture research should also further explore what are the best ways for enhancing the rights of the\nSomalis in the Dadaab camps.\n\n\nSeveral of the Somalis in both Dadaab and Cairo were hoping for resettlement or to somehow\nreach European and other developed countries. A series of factors also influence developed\ncountries\u2019 will to accept refugees, and at the moment the will is weak at best. New formal\nlegislation may have mainly symbolic functions \u2013 \u201clook how great and humanitarian we are\u201d \u2013\nand not change how many and who get protection in Europe and elsewhere. Again a complexity\nof factors must be addressed if new state-created law is to effectively enhance the rights of those\ndisplaced.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Acknowledgments**\n\n\nTine Ramstad (Norwegian Refugee Council) was extremely helpful in assisting with interviews\nin Kenya as well as providing comments on the findings. I would also like to extend my gratitude\nfor the generosity and support extended by NRC Kenya, and Astrid Sehl and Hassan Khaire in\nparticular, as well as the Arab Network for Environment and Development in Egypt, and in\nparticular Dr. Emad Adly and Lialy Nafee. Funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign\nAffairs has made this study possible. I am in particular grateful to the dedicated Refugee Policy\nDirector at the Ministry, Johan Meyer. Last but not least, I am grateful to the interviewees who\nshare some of the most intimate and important life experiences with us and make this paper\npossible.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fe1dff8e-4eb1-3095-977d-9842c4cdfc7c/50c88dbc9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_920/raw/doc_920_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_920/raw/doc_920_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 9b1ef50103596394dfac5c2c933a51f880c00dd0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_920/raw/doc_920_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,416 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n## **The impact of EU migration measures on mixed migration in Libya**\n###### **April 2018**\n\n\n### **CONTEXT**\n\nWhile migration to Libya gained prominence with the rise of refugee and migrant [1] sea arrivals in\nItaly since 2011 and, more significantly, since 2014, migration to the country is nothing new. Libya\nhas been an attractive destination for refugees and migrants from North and West Africa since\nthe 1970s and 2000s respectively with many coming to work in construction or agriculture. At the\nsame time, before the outbreak of the civil wars in 2011 and 2014, Libya was also a destination\nfor refugees and migrants in the region, a relatively safe and economically stable hub close to the\nMiddle East. While refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 situation in the country had been precarious already\nbefore, the political instability that ensued the fall of Ghaddafi and the two civil wars exacerbated\nthe difficult situation for refugees and migrants in the country. **[2]** While Libya is a signatory to\nthe 1969 OAU (Organisation of African Unity) Convention, it has not ratified the 1951 Refugee\nConvention and only individuals of seven designated refugee-producing countries can register as\npersons of concern with UNHCR in parts of Libya. **[3]** The majority of refugees and migrants do not\nhave access to residence permits, **[4]** putting them at acute risk of detention for irregular stay.\n\n\nMap 1: Data collection sites in Libya\n\n\n\nBoth groups suffer from grave protection concerns in detention and in urban areas, including\narbitrary detention, **[5]** systematic exploitation and kidnapping by militia groups. **[6]**\n\nIn this context, and in the backdrop of a rise in arrivals from Libya through the Central Mediterranean\nsea route to Italy since 2014 and again in 2016, **[7]** the European Union (EU) and EU member states\nhave put in place a number of measures with the United Nations (UN) backed Government of\nNational Accord (GNA) in Libya, as well as in neighbouring Niger, in order to stem the flow of\nrefugees and migrants towards Italy. Most notably, these measures have included a Memorandum\nof Understanding (MOU) signed between Italy and Libya\u2019s GNA to improve border security along\nthe western coast and southern borders in February 2017, EU-supported border management\ncapacity building activities for Libyan security and coast guards, as well as an increase in return\noperations for refugees and migrants from Libya to their areas of origin and safe third countries. **[8]**\n\nFollowing the implementation of these measures in early 2017, the numbers of refugees and\nmigrants reaching Italy from Libya have reduced drastically since mid-2017. While in August 2016\nmore than 20,000 refugees and migrants reached Italy\u2019s shores from Libya, the same month in\n2017 saw less than 4,000 arriving in the country, a fivefold decrease. [9] However, while overall\nnumbers of individuals reaching Italy have decreased, it has not previously been clear how these\nmeasures impacted refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 lives in Libya and their mobility within the country.\n\nREACH conducted this study in the framework of a partnership with UNHCR with the aim to\nincrease understanding of the impact of migration measures implemented in Libya since early\n2017 on mixed migration dynamics in the country. The assessment focused on (1) migration\nroutes to and within Libya, smuggling hubs, and changes thereto since early 2017; (2) refugees\u2019\nand migrants\u2019 experience of migration policy changes in their everyday lives and (3) the extent\n##### **Key finding**\n\nThe assessment finds that migration routes to and within Libya have diversified since early\n2017. It finds an increase in arrivals from Algeria and Chad and a multiplication of smuggling\nhubs along the eastern coast of the country. In the face of increased coastguard controls along\nthe Libyan coast, the numbers of refugees and migrants held for long periods of time with\nlimited freedom of movement in warehouses and unsafe accommodations along the coast have\nincreased. In the rest of the country, refugees and migrants continue to suffer from the difficult\nliving situation in Libya. At the same time, knowledge about the security situation and migration\nmeasures implemented since 2017 in Libya did not reportedly impact refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019\ndecision to go to or stay in Libya or migrate further north.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9055166840553284, - "start": 662, - "end": 663 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "REACH", - "confidence": 0.6850202083587646, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9771250486373901, - "start": 615, - "end": 616 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7114636301994324, - "start": 652, - "end": 653 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.571500837802887, - "start": 683, - "end": 684 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\u2019 and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6873100996017456, - "start": 608, - "end": 612 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n###### **Libya | April 2018**\n\nto which information about migration measures implemented in Libya since early 2017 shaped\nrefugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 decision making on staying or leaving Libya.\n\nIt is based on 75 in-depth semi structured individual interviews with refugees and migrants\noutside detention centres across the country and 32 key informant interviews with smugglers,\nlaw enforcement officials and civil society activists. Refugees and migrants were asked to reflect\nabout their living situation and mobility in the country and how it changed since early 2017. Further\nlongitudinal analysis on changes in routes, entry and exit points since early 2017 was conducted\non the basis of comparable information REACH had collected in the framework of a partnership\nbetween IMPACT, Altai Consulting and UNHCR in late 2016 and early 2017. [10]\n\n### **ROUTES TO LIBYA**\n\n**Key informants reported three main entry points to Libya:** first, via Algeria with refugees and\nmigrants, mostly of West African origin, entering the country either on the north-eastern or southeastern border with Libya. Second, via Niger or Chad with refugees and migrants reaching the\nmain migrant hub of Sebha in the South of Libya and, third, via the eastern route with people from\nmainly Central and Eastern Africa reaching the region of Alkufra transiting through both Chad and\nSudan. Secondary routes include entering Libya via Egypt along the coastal town of Emsaed.\n\n**While the main entry points into Libya reportedly did not change since early 2017,**\n**respondents reported an increase in arrivals from crossing points in Algeria and Chad.** **[1]** [1]\nThis was also recorded by DRC/4MI data collected in January and February 2018, [12] indicating\nthat refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 routes into the country may be diversifying as a result of the tightened\nsecurity apparatus in the Agadez region of Niger in particular. [13]\n\n**The majority of key informants reported that they had not witnessed a decrease in arrivals**\n**of refugees and migrants from the southern borders since early to mid-2017** . However, given\nthe difficulty to systematically monitor and quantify entries at official and unofficial entry points\nalong Libya\u2019s southern borders, this information needs to be further investigated.\n\n### **ROUTES WITHIN LIBYA**\n\n**Key informants reported that routes within Libya towards the coast have diversified since**\n**early 2017 with an increase in small routes along the eastern coast and a corresponding**\n**emergence of smuggling hubs in the northeast of the country.** While a study conducted by\nIMPACT in early 2017 suggested that the vast majority of refugees and migrants traveling from\nboth the southwest and southeast of the country tended to concentrate along the western coast, [14]\n\n\n\nroutes reportedly used in April 2018 indicate that refugees and migrants travel all along the coast,\nfrom both the southeast and the southwest of the country. The means of transport had reportedly\nnot changed since 2017, with individuals moving with the help of smugglers in either big trucks,\n4x4 cars or taxis, depending on refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 resources.\n##### **Emerging smuggling hubs**\n\n**The most prominent smuggling hubs recorded in early 2017, namely Tripoli and Bani**\n**Waleed, were reported to be still functioning in April 2018. However, in addition to those,**\n**respondents reported an increase in smuggling hubs in the east of the country, mostly**\n**around the areas of Ejdabia, Sirte and Tobruk.** This was reportedly due to two main reasons.\nFirst, respondents reported that the rise in coast guard controls along the western coast, coupled\nwith an increased crackdown on refugees and migrants in the cities of Tripoli and Bani Waleed,\nhad led to a diversification of transit and exit points along the coast. Second, the stabilisation of\nthe region around Sirt after the defeat of armed groups in 2017 reportedly made the eastern region\nmore accessible and the coastal road through Sirt useable for smugglers.\n\n**Along the eastern coast, in the area between Tobruk, Ejdabia and Sirt, respondents reported**\n**several places where refugees and migrants were held in locations outside urban centres,**\n**waiting to be transferred to warehouses and locations closer to the coast.** Refugees and\nmigrants were reportedly held in abandoned farms, warehouses and locations which did not have\nphone reception, to minimise the risk of being found by police. Ejdabia in particular was reported\nto be a re-emerging smuggling hub, after having decreased in importance in 2016.\n\nAlong the western coast, respondents reported that after the armed clashes in Sabratha in\nSeptember 2017 [15] there had been an increase in smuggling in neighbouring coastal towns,\nnotably in Alkhums, Garabolli and Zliten. This was also found in two other studies on smuggling in\nthe region, published in December 2017 and March 2018 [16] respectively.\n##### **Decreased departures, smuggling hubs still functioning**\n\n**All key informants in the centre and north of the country reported a decrease in attempted**\n**boat departures since early 2017 due to the increase in controls along the coastal area.**\n**However, smugglers in Bani Waleed reported that the increase in controls along the coast**\n**had not led to a decrease in refugees and migrants they were holding in warehouses**\n**helping to travel to Italy.** Rather, smugglers reported that they had to hold refugees and migrants\nfor longer in warehouses, waiting for green light to transfer individuals to other warehouses\nalong the coast. Reportedly, this led to refugees and migrants spending long amounts of time in\nseveral warehouses in poor conditions and with limited freedom of movement, as the coordination\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DRC/4MI data", - "confidence": 0.9477839469909668, - "start": 329, - "end": 333 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DRC/4MI", - "confidence": 0.8302628397941589, - "start": 329, - "end": 332 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5353919863700867, - "start": 292, - "end": 293 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.6851743459701538, - "start": 338, - "end": 339 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and\nmigrants", - "confidence": 0.6070255041122437, - "start": 190, - "end": 193 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.9478253722190857, - "start": 508, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IMPACT", - "confidence": 0.9631962180137634, - "start": 511, - "end": 512 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "LIBYA", - "confidence": 0.722377359867096, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7218854427337646, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5419533848762512, - "start": 633, - "end": 634 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9570603370666504, - "start": 521, - "end": 524 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "studies on smuggling in\nthe region", - "confidence": 0.7284457683563232, - "start": 941, - "end": 947 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8697314858436584, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7572703957557678, - "start": 910, - "end": 911 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n###### **Libya | April 2018**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n###### **Libya | April 2018**\n\nbetween different smugglers to send refugees and migrants on boats took longer due to the\nincreased controls along the coast. This has increased refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 protection risks\nand vulnerability.\n\n\n_\u2018In the city of Bani Waleed the numbers of refugees and migrants have not decreased and we_\n_are still sending large numbers to the cities along the coast. I think that the number of migrants_\n_coming to Europe has decreased, but their numbers in Libya have not \u2013 I have not seen it. I_\n_think there is a problem that prevents these people from leaving from the beaches to Europe_\n_and this leads to the accumulation of their numbers in Libya.\u2019_\n\nSmuggler, Bani Waleed\n\n### **IMPACT OF MIGRATION MEASURES ON REFUGEES\u2019 AND** **MIGRANTS\u2019 EVERYDAY LIVES**\n\nRefugees and migrants in Libya were asked to speak about their lives in the country since early\n2017 to ascertain the extent to which recent migration measures in the region affected individuals\nin their everyday lives. The impact was found to be different between individuals who were in Libya\nwith the aim to transit to Italy and those who were in the country with the intention to stay and work.\n##### **Refugees and migrants transiting through Libya to Italy**\n\n**Refugees and migrants who were in Libya with the intention to reach Italy tended to fall into**\n**two categories** . First, refugees and migrants who had planned their travel in stages, first reaching\nLibya to stay and work in the country for a while to earn the necessary resources to pay for\ntheir trip to Italy. Second, some refugees and migrants interviewed were reportedly only transiting\nthrough the country, having already organised and paid for a \u2018travel package\u2019 which included their\njourney until Italy. This was comparable to the profiles of refugees and migrants transiting through\nLibya recorded in early 2017. [17] All refugees and migrants who had the intention to reach Italy\nreported using smugglers to move within the country.\n\nRefugees and migrants mainly transiting through Libya were all found along the coast. [18] **Most**\n**reported that their living situation was poor, as they were staying in often overcrowded**\n**shelters with no electricity, waiting to be transferred by smugglers to the beach.** However,\nas they only intended to stay for short time in the country, they did not intend to invest into paying\nfor better and safer accommodation as their priority was to leave the country as quickly as possible.\nHaving been in Libya for only a short time, respondents could not compare their living situation in\nthe country over time.\n\n\n##### **How information shapes decision making on mobility in** **Libya**\n\nAll refugees and migrants interviewed had arrived in Libya after the outbreak of the first civil\nwar in 2011. The vast majority of them were reportedly well informed about the difficult situation\nin Libya before leaving their country of origin and were not dissuaded by it. Most had extended\nfamily or friends in Libya who had told them about the difficulties they may face in the country.\n\nAs respondents were well aware of the risks they would face in Libya, only a small minority\nof refugees and migrants interviewed reported having changed their mind over their stay in\nLibya once they reached the country. Respondents reportedly knew about the low level of\nsecurity in parts of the country, the discrimination they may face, as well the risk of militias and\nkidnapping; most reported having made a calculated decision to come to Libya. This did not\nchange between individuals interviewed who had planned to reach Libya for work and those\nwho intended to transit to Italy.\n\nSimilarly, while most respondents tended to know about humanitarian evacuation schemes and\nassisted voluntary programmes offered to refugees and migrants in the country, this knowledge\ndid not shape their decision on whether or not to return home. [20] Rather, respondents reported\nthat the decision to return was based on their personal considerations around work and family.\n\n\n_\u2018I knew through relatives and friends that Libya has work opportunities and also armed conflict._\n_I do not plan to stay here, I am here only to cross. But I expected to face accidents or be_\n_arrested.\u2019_\n\nEritrean woman, Ejdabia\n\n##### **Refugees and migrants living and working in Libya**\n\n**Refugees and migrants who were in Libya for work with no reported intention to travel**\n**onward to Italy were mostly found in urban hubs or places known for agricultural production.**\nRespondents were particularly found in cities, which have a history of being a destination for migrant\nworkers from neighbouring countries, notably major urban hubs, such as Misrata and Tripoli,\nand cities closer to neighbouring countries, which have historically been popular destinations for\ncircular labour migration. [19] This includes the city of Ejdabia, a traditional destination for Sudanese\nand Egyptian migrant workers along the eastern coast and the southern cities of Sebha and\nAlkufra, particularly popular among circular migrant workers from West Africa, including Nigeriens,\nChadians and Malians. The majority of them had arrived in Libya more than one year ago.\n\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "profiles of refugees and migrants transiting through\nLibya", - "confidence": 0.8412708044052124, - "start": 370, - "end": 378 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9235180616378784, - "start": 308, - "end": 309 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5119468569755554, - "start": 381, - "end": 382 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.9948880076408386, - "start": 335, - "end": 338 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n###### **Libya | April 2018**\n\n**The vast majority of refugees and migrants who were in Libya for work reported travelling**\n**as little as possible in the country, due to their lack of residence permits and ensuing fear**\n**of police, check points along the roads and militia groups.** When they did travel, this was\neither for work, or, in a minority of cases, because the respondent had family or friends in other\nparts of Libya he or she wanted to join. Security as reason for further movement within Libya\nwas only reported in Sebha, where respondents reportedly felt very unsafe as a result of the\ndeterioration of the security situation since autumn 2017. When they did move, this was mostly to\nother urban centres within the country, mostly Misrata, Benghazi or Tripoli.\n\n**By staying put, respondents tried to minimise their exposure to risk by investing into their**\n**stay in their current location.** This included finding work where the individual was paid regularly\nand building social networks which could support them. Especially among refugees and migrants\nfrom Sub-Saharan origin, staying for longer in a location reportedly allowed individuals to build\nbetter relations with Libyans living in the same area, staying in better types of shelters and finding\nan employer who could protect them or pay their ransom if they were kidnapped. Therefore, when\nasked how their situation changed since they first arrived in Libya, most reported that their situation\nhad improved, as they had been able to build social relations and find more decent work which\nprotected them from exploitation and abuse. The value loss of the Libyan Dinar was also reported\nas a major concern which led to the deterioration of refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 situation since they\nfirst arrived in Libya. [21]\n\n\n_\u2018When I first came I worked in many occasional jobs and I was never safe. Then, a_\n_construction contractor found me, and everything changed as I started working with him and_\n_made more money than before.\u2019_\n\nGhanaian man, Tripoli\n\n**When respondents did move, the way of travel reportedly depended on their access to**\n**residence permits and financial resources with the vast majority of them using the services**\n**of a smuggler.** Those who had residence permits were able to travel along official paved routes,\nusing busses or taxis, deemed the safest way of travel. The vast majority, who did not have\nresidence permits, reported engaging the services of a smuggler. This included using falsified\nresidence permits, allowing individuals to travel along official routes, including highways; being\nhidden in big trucks; or being transported in small cars or 4x4 pick-ups along unofficial routes. All\nrespondents reported that the more money an individual had, the higher their chances of having\ngood quality transportation. Some also reported that it helped looking North African, as security\nand militia groups at check points were less likely to stop the car.\n\n\n### **CONCLUSION**\n\n**The assessment finds that migration measures implemented in Libya since early 2017 have**\n**led to a multiplication of smuggling routes to and within the country.** Entry points into Libya\nalong the southern borders of Libya have diversified with refugees and migrants increasingly\narriving in Libya from Algeria and Chad. At the same time, departure points along the coastal area\nhave multiplied with a particular increase in smuggling hubs along the eastern coast, notably in\nTobruk, Ejdabia, Jalu, Marada and Sirt. This mirrors increased investments into anti-smuggling\noperations in the West since early 2017.\n\n**As a result of increased coast guard controls, refugees and migrants who aim to transit to**\n**Italy reportedly stay for longer periods of time in warehouses and hidden accommodation**\n**sites along the coast with very limited freedom of movement.** As they wait to be transferred\nto the beaches for the boat trip to Italy, individuals reportedly live in very poor conditions, as they\ndo not invest into their stay by finding stable employment, community relations and shelter which\nmay protect them and are exposed to various protection concerns.\n\n**According to respondents, the situation for refugees and migrants outside detention in the**\n**country, which includes risk of kidnapping, extortion by militia groups and limited freedom**\n**of movement, has remained unchanged since early 2017.** Refugees and migrants who are in\nthe country primarily to work tend to stay put and move as little as possible to build on their social\nand economic networks to minimise their exposure to risk.\n\n**Knowledge of the situation in Libya and migration measures implemented in the country**\n**reportedly did not influence refugees\u2019 and migrants\u2019 decision on whether to stay in Libya**\n**or not.** All refugees and migrants interviewed reported being well informed about the situation in\nLibya before arriving in the country. Further, most were aware of the return operations put in place\nfor refugees and migrants wishing to return to their area of origin or a safe third country. Only few\nreported that this knowledge influenced their decision to stay or leave Libya.\n\n**Notably, key informants did not report an overall decrease in arrivals of refugees and**\n**migrants along the southern borders or in the main transit hubs along the coast.** In view of\nthe drastic reduction of arrivals in Italy and a decreasing number of refugees and migrants held\nin official detention centres along the coast, [22] the question arises where these population groups\nare. There are reports of an increase in refugees and migrants held in unofficial detention centres,\nhowever, this was outside the scope of the present assessment.\n\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Mixed migration routes and dynamics in Libya**\n###### **Libya | April 2018**\n\n##### **METHODOLOGY**\n\n - This situation overview presents findings from an assessment on mixed migration routes\nand dynamics to and inside Libya, and the ways in which migration measures since early\n2017 in the country impacted these, conducted in eight locations across the country\nbetween 21 March and 2nd April 2018. Locations assessed were sampled on the basis\nof their relevance to migration within Libya ascertained on the basis of IOM DTM [23] and\nother secondary data as either (1) important entry points in the South, such as Sebha and\nAlkufra; (2) transit cities, including Misrata, Ejdabia, Tripoli and Bani Waleed and (3) exit\npoints to Europe along the coast, including Garabolli and Azzawya.\n\n - In each location three to five in-depth semi-structured interviews with key informants\nwere administered. Key informants were selected on the basis of their expertise on\nmigration and included law enforcement officials, mukhtars, civil society representatives\nand activists, smugglers and humanitarian aid workers. In addition to a total of 32 key\ninformant interviews, 75 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with refugees\nand migrants who were selected in five locations selected on the basis of accessibility,\nnamely in the cities of Sebha, Alkufra, Misrata, Tripoli and Bani Waleed. Refugees and\nmigrants were asked to speak about their everyday lives since early 2017 over time, their\nknowledge of migration measures in the country and decision making over migration.\n\n - Data collection was carried out by field teams; all received tailored training on qualitative\ndata collection and interview skills, as well as on ethical considerations around data\ncollection with vulnerable groups. Longitudinal analysis was carried out on the basis\nof comparable information on routes and mobility collected through IMPACT (of which\nREACH is an initiative) with Altai Consulting in late 2016 and early 2017 in Libya. [24] All\ninformation was triangulated with existing secondary data.\n\n - As this assessment employed qualitative research methods, results are indicative\nonly and cannot be generalized for the entire population of refugees and migrants in\nLibya. Particularly nationalities who are more likely to transit through Libya in organized\nsmuggling networks and cannot be found in urban areas, such as Eritrean, Ethiopian and\nSomali nationals, are likely to be underrepresented in the present study. Similarly, the\nviews of women are underrepresented as only few women could be found for interview\nat time of data collection. [25] The present study only interviewed individuals in urban areas,\nhence no information on the situation for refugees and migrants in detention centres in\nparticular was collected. [26]\n\n\n\n**Endnotes**\n1. For the purposes of this assessment the expression \u2018refugees and migrants\u2019 refers to all people on the move along the routes\nstudied, including migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and other populations (such as victims of trafficking or unaccompanied and\nseparated children), unless a distinction is otherwise made.\n[2. Global Initiative, The Human Conveyor Belt: trends in human traffcking and smuggling in post-revolution Libya, March 2017.](http://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/global-initiative-human-conveyor-belt-human-smuggling-in-libya-march-2017.pdf )\n[3. IMPACT/Altai Consulting, Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges, July 2017. Organisation](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges)\n[of the African Union, Organisation of African Union Convention Governing the Specifc Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 1969.](http://www.achpr.org/files/instruments/refugee-convention/achpr_instr_conv_refug_eng.pdf)\n4. The laws Law No. 2/2004 and Law No. 19/2010 criminalised all irregular entries, notwithstanding the individual\u2019s status as refugee or\nasylum seeker; previous regular entries were irregularised, subjecting individuals to penalties of fines and prison sentences; individuals\n[who were in the country in 2017 with regular papers reported difficulties in renewing these (see IMPACT/Altai Consulting).](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges)\n[5. UN OHCHR, Abuse behind bars: arbitrary and unlawful detention in Libya, April 2018.](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/AbuseBehindBarsArbitraryUnlawful_EN.pdf )\n[6. For an overview please consult: ICMPD, What are the protection concerns for migrants and refugees in Libya?, November 2017.](https://www.euneighbours.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2017-11/ICMPD%20Policy%20Brief.pdf )\n[7. UNHCR, Mediterranean Situation Dashboard, accessed 20 April 2018.](http://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean)\n[8. ASGI, Italy-Libya agreement: The Memorandum text, February 2017; EU External Action, Factsheet on the relations between Libya](http://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ITALY-LIBYA-MEMORANDUM-02.02.2017.pdf)\n[and the European Union, January 2018; Return operations herein mentioned include the EU-supported Voluntary Humanitarian Return](https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/19163/EU-Libya%20relations)\n[programme of IOM, the humanitarian evacuations and resettlement programme by UNHCR.](https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/infographic/IOM%20Libya%27s%20Voluntary%20Humanitarian%20Return%20%28VHR%29%20and%20Reintegration%20Support%20to%20Stranded%20Migrants%20Update%20%2824%20May-6%20June%29.pdf)\n9. UNHCR, Mediterranean Situation Dashboard, accessed 20 April 2018.\n[10. Report available here; Mixed migration trends dashboard available here.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges )\n[11. For an overview of main routes into Libya used in 2016 see IMPACT, Mixed Migration in Libya in 2016 interactive dashboard here;](https://reachinitiative.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e07efe646f1e4c699bee512aac1670c5/)\n[for 2013 see Altai Consulting, Mixed Migration: Libya at the crossroads, November 2013.](https://www.altaiconsulting.com/insights/mixed-migration-libya-at-the-crossroads/ )\n12. 4Mi, Trend Report: Niger Route, January 2018.\n[13. O Saley, Niger\u2019s migrant smuggling hub empties after EU crackdown, Reuters, 31 January 2017.](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-niger-migration-agadez/nigers-migrant-smuggling-hub-empties-after-eu-crackdown-idUSKBN15F13Q)\n[14. IMPACT/Altai Consulting, Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges, July 2017.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges)\n[15. For an overview see Micallef, Reitano, The anti-human smuggling business and Libya\u2019s political end game, December 2017.](https://issafrica.org/research/north-africa-report/the-anti-human-smuggling-business-and-libyas-political-end-game)\n[16. Al-Arabi, Local specifcities of migration in Libya: challenges and solutions, March 2018.](http://middleeastdirections.eu/local-specificities-migration-libya-challenges-solutions)\n[17. IMPACT/Altai Consulting, Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges, July 2017.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges)\n18. This is likely to be because these groups, having organised an entire travel package through the country, were easiest found by\ndata collection teams along the coast.\n[19. See also REACH, Refugees and migrants\u2019 access to resources, housing and healthcare in Libya, December 2017.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/libya-refugees-and-migrants-access-resources-housing-and-healthcare-libya-key )\n[20. UN News, UN agency evacuates more than 1,000 refugees from Libya over past three months, 15 February 2018; The Jordan](https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/02/1002851)\n[Times, 13,000 migrants repatriated from Libya \u2014 AU chief, 30 January 2018.](http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/13000-migrants-repatriated-libya-\u2014-au-chief )\n21. Ibid.; Humanitarian Cash Working Group Libya, Briefing note: Economic factors of importance for humanitarian cash-based interventions in Libya, internal document, 2017.\n22. In May 2017 27,000 refugees and migrants were reportedly held in official detention centres in Libya. As of April 2018, only 5,200\n[were held in official detention centres, as reported by the head of the Immigration Control Agency. Alwasat, 17 April 2018.](http://alwasat.ly/news/libya/202807)\n[23. IOM DTM, DTM Libya\u2019s Migrant Report Round 17, February 2018.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/displacement-tracking-matrix-dtm-libya-s-migrant-report-round-17-january-february-2018 )\n[24. IMPACT/Altai Consulting, Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges, July 2017.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/mixed-migration-trends-libya-changing-dynamics-and-protection-challenges)\n[25. For an overview of refugee and migrant women\u2019s everyday lives in Libya please consult 4Mi, Living on the edge: the everyday life](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/living-edge-everyday-life-migrant-women-libya )\n[of migrant women in Libya, December 2017.](https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/living-edge-everyday-life-migrant-women-libya )\n[26. For information on the conditions for refugees and migrants in detention centres please consult OHCHR, Detained and dehuman-](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/DetainedAndDehumanised_en.pdf)\n\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment on mixed migration routes\nand dynamics", - "confidence": 0.5637491941452026, - "start": 44, - "end": 51 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9306190013885498, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7367182374000549, - "start": 65, - "end": 66 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key\ninformant interviews", - "confidence": 0.7155595421791077, - "start": 220, - "end": 223 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6296738982200623, - "start": 276, - "end": 277 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.9573668241500854, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IMPACT", - "confidence": 0.587409257888794, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "comparable information on routes and mobility", - "confidence": 0.5944706797599792, - "start": 338, - "end": 344 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees\nand migrants", - "confidence": 0.8971354961395264, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "present study", - "confidence": 0.5970852971076965, - "start": 445, - "end": 447 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.6045415997505188, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6947911381721497, - "start": 401, - "end": 404 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "present study", - "confidence": 0.579374372959137, - "start": 475, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "urban areas", - "confidence": 0.6532142758369446, - "start": 481, - "end": 483 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5225081443786621, - "start": 589, - "end": 590 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and migrants", - "confidence": 0.6248741745948792, - "start": 491, - "end": 494 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/be1597cb-5738-3507-88d4-07556696e6b0/reach_lyb_so_mixed_migration_routes_and_dynamics_in_libya.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_921/raw/doc_921_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_921/raw/doc_921_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c3b6737cd763565e7da4877000ec2bb869de190f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_921/raw/doc_921_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Syrian refugees in Lebanon\n### **Secondary and tertiary health care at a glance**\n\nJanuary - June 2014\n\n\n_Photo credit: A. Branthwaite/UNHCR_\n\n\nUNHCR\u2019s public health approach is based on a primary health care (PHC) strategy. In Lebanon, the government provides\n\n\nservices through the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and the Ministry of Social Affairs with nationals paying part of the\n\n\ncost. In addition, PHC services are provided by private practitioners, local and international non-governmental\n\n\norganizations (NGOs) and other charities.\n\n\nPublic secondary and tertiary health care institutions in Lebanon are semi-autonomous and referral care is expensive. Not\n\n\nall adhere strictly to the MOPH flat rate for hospital care. To harmonise access to secondary health care and manage\n\n\ncosts, UNHCR has put in place referral guidelines in Lebanon. The costs covered by UNHCR vary by estimated cost of\n\n\ncare, vulnerability status, and type of care (e.g. emergency life-saving, obstetric, medical and surgical). For estimated\n\n\ncosts of USD <1500, 75% of costs are covered by UNHCR and the refugees cover the remaining 25%. If estimated costs\n\n\nare USD \u22651500 or refugees present outside the pre-approved hospital network, partner agencies are required to consult\n\n\nwith UNHCR. Emergency UNHCR approval is strictly for immediate life-saving cases. UNHCR refers all non-emergency\n\n\ncases to an Exceptional Care Committee that is responsible for authorisation of coverage.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Key findings**\n\n\n- Between January and June 2014, there were 30,073 referrals for secondary and tertiary health care in Lebanon; referrals by\n\n\nregion were Bekaa 10,513 (35%), North Lebanon 7,499 (25%), Beirut and Mt Lebanon 7,157 (24%) and South Lebanon 4,904\n\n\n(16%). The referral rate was 6.3 per 100 refugees per year; the rate for 2013 was 7.9 per 100 refugees per year.\n\n\n- Referrals were reported from 99 hospitals across the country. The top 20 hospitals accounted for 75% of referrals. The\n\n\nproportion of referrals to contracted hospitals by region was Beirut and Mt Lebanon 58%, Bekaa 83%, North Lebanon 83%\n\n\nand South Lebanon 78%.\n\n\n- Approx. 70% of patients were female and 24% were children younger than 5 years old. Only 52% of the population is female,\n\n\nthe disproportionate referral among females is due to referrals for obstetric care (mainly deliveries).\n\n\n- There were 366 deaths (equivalent to 1.2% of all referrals) including 138 (38%) neonatal deaths and 13 (4%) maternal deaths\n\n\nreported.\n\n\n- Approximately 48% of referrals were for obstetric care. Other main reasons for referrals were respiratory infections (8%),\n\n\ngastrointestinal conditions (7%) and trauma and other injuries (7%). Among obstetric care referrals, main reasons for\n\n\nseeking care were deliveries (92%), miscarriages and other early pregnancy complications, and complications of labour and\n\n\ndelivery. Among hospital deliveries, the proportion of caeserean deliveries was 32%. A peak in referrals due to respiratory\n\n\ninfections was observed in Bekaa in February.\n\n\n- The estimated total hospital bill for January to June 2014 was USD 17.5 million. The estimated share of the cost for UNHCR\n\n\nwas 13.1 million (75%). **The estimated annualised per capita hospital cost was USD 37 per registered refugee** . Per capita\n\n\ncost was highest in South Lebanon (USD 45) and lowest in North Lebanon (USD 34).\n\n\n- The average hospital cost per referral was USD 590; the highest average cost was observed among cases with neonatal or\n\n\ncongenital conditions (USD 1,731).\n\n\n- Adjusted for disease category, gender and age, the average cost among the top 20 hospitals was lowest at Hermel hospital\n\n\n(USD 361) and highest at Mazloum (USD 833).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|27,553
Number of refugees referred
between January and June 2014|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|27,553
Number of refugees referred
between January and June 2014|||||\n||**25,579**
referred once||||\n\n\n\n_*ECC: exceptional care committee tasked with reviewing referrals exceeding USD 1500_\n_**Did not meet guideliness as per Standard Operating Procedure for referral care_\n\n\n##### **275**\n\nreferred thrice\n\n\n##### **110**\n\nreferred 4 or more\n\ntimes\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|h|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||||\n|||||||\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**1. Referrals by region and by approval status**\n\nMap of Lebanon showing referrals by region, January - June 2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3. Hospital deaths**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|3.1 Deaths by region
366
(1.2%)*
Number of hospital
deaths reported
1.4%
Bekaa deaths as a
proportion of referrals
0.9%
Beirut & Mt Leb deaths
as a proportion of
referrals
1.3%
North Lebanon deaths
as a proportion of
referrals
1.1%
South Lebanon deaths
as a proportion of
referrals|Distrbution of deaths by age, gender, region, and diagnosis
FEMALE MALE
89
66
33
31
55
34 30 25
Beirut & Mt Bekaa North South
Leb
Number of deaths 84
0 50 100 150
Neonatal or congenital condition
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic respiratory disease
Other
Gastrointestinal condition
Respiratory infections 41
Obstetric
32
Hepatobiliary disease 29
Hematological conditions 22 23 24 22
Diabtetes and other\u2026 19
14 14
Neurology 11 12
Trauma and other injuries 6
Nephro/urological disease 2 3 1 3 1 0
Neoplasm (malignant or benign)
B EIR UT & B EK A A N O R TH SO UTH Fever of unknown origin
MT L E B Surgery
Mental health condition
Under 1 year 1 to <5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 59 years 60 years +|\n|---|---|\n|**3.1 Deaths by region**
**366**
**(1.2%)***
Number of hospital
deaths reported
**1.4%**
Bekaa deaths as a
proportion of referrals
**0.9%**
Beirut & Mt Leb deaths
as a proportion of
referrals
**1.3%**
North Lebanon deaths
as a proportion of
referrals
**1.1%**
South Lebanon deaths
as a proportion of
referrals|_*proportion of all referrals that ended up in deaths_|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4. Costs snapshot by approval status and service provided**\n\n\n\n123,656\nAccepted after\nconsultations with\nUNHCR\n\n\n19,178**\nAccepted after\nconsultations with\nUNHCR\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_*accepted cost of referral. Includes patient share. Not all costs are final_\n\n\n_**some costs may still be in review and are therefore not included._\n\n\n\n4,463,660\nAccepted\n\n\n1,281\nAccepted after\nconsultations\nwith UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n\n5,966,505\nAccepted\n\n\n0\nAccepted after\nconsultations\nwith UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n\n13,058,331\nAccepted\n\n\n17,897\nAccepted after\nconsultations\nwith UNHCR\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Finalised bills as of 24 July 2014 by provided service**\n\n\nRADIOLOGICAL OR LAB\n\n\nINVESTIGATION\n\n\n\n8%\n\n\nINVASIVE PROCEDURES\n\nAND/OR SURGERY\n\n13%\n\n\nINTENSIVE CARE\n\n12%\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCONSULTATIONS\n\n\nGENERAL\n\n\n49%\n\n\n\nBEIRUT AND MT LEBANON BEKAA NORTH SOUTH\n\n\nCONSULTATIONS GENERAL HOSPITALIZATION COSTS INTENSIVE CARE\n\n\nINVASIVE PROCEDURES AND/OR SURGERY PRESCRIPTIONS/TREATMENT RADIOLOGICAL OR LAB INVESTIGATION\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**5. Costs snapshot for key diagnosis categories by service provided. Total finalised bill in parenthesis**\n\n\nDIABTETES AND OTHER\n\n\n\nCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE\n\n(USD 686,226)\n\n\n47.9%\n\n\n\nCHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE\n\n(USD 218,462)\n\n\n\nENDOCRINOLOGICAL DISEASES\n\n(USD 52,026)\n\n\n\nFEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN\n\n(USD 25,598)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGASTROINTESTINAL CONDITION\n\n(USD 365,673)\n\n\n\nHEMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS\n\n(USD 98,752)\n\n\n\n\n\nHEPATOBILIARY DISEASE\n\n(USD 122,075)\n\n\n58.7%\n\n\n\nMENTAL HEALTH CONDITION\n\n(USD 45,390)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNEONATAL OR CONGENITAL\n\nCONDITION\n(USD 1,031,900)\n\n\n\nNEOPLASM (MALIGNANT OR\n\nBENIGN)\n(USD 48,252)\n\n\n60.0%\n\n\n\nNEPHRO/UROLOGICAL DISEASE\n\n(USD 139,229)\n\n\n\nNEUROLOGY\n(USD 67,019)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOBSTETRIC\n(USD 3,453,787)\n\n\n97.9%\n\n\n\nRESPIRATORY INFECTIONS\n\n(USD 779,698)\n\n\n\nSURGERY\n(USD 155,997)\n\n\n96.7%\n\n\n\nTRAUMA AND OTHER INJURIES\n\n(USD 379,726)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Note: The information presented is based on the most recent and best available data. We are grateful to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, UNHCR Lebanon, the_\n_International Medical Corps, Makhzoumi Foundation, Caritas Lebanese Migrant Centre, GlobMed and other local and international actors for providing services and/or data._\n_Analysis of data and preparation of information sheets was carried out by UNHCR Public Health Section, Geneva. UNHCR and its partners will continually update and, where_\n_necessary, modify the data and analysis provided, in order to ensure that the most current and accurate view is available to key stakeholders and the public._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information sheets", - "confidence": 0.7108432054519653, - "start": 65, - "end": 67 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR Public Health Section", - "confidence": 0.623253583908081, - "start": 71, - "end": 75 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Lebanon", - "confidence": 0.9005664587020874, - "start": 28, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f37e0be8-41b5-3107-8a6d-409148221acb/referraldatasummaries_2014H1v4.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_922/raw/doc_922_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_922/raw/doc_922_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4c8052479f96ccc888daeda97505e11a2212ab64..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_922/raw/doc_922_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,519 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "###### **on results of monitoring**\n\nphysical identification of internally\ndisplaced pensioners in Oschadbank\nlocations in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk,\nZaporizhzyha and Luhansk oblasts\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP\n\n##### INTRODUCTION\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nIn accordance with the 5 November 2014 decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Number 637, \u00abOn\nthe implementation of social benefits for internally displaced persons\u00bb, [1] internally displaced persons (IDPs) of\na pensionary age must undergo physical identification (PI) with their electronic pension certificates at offices\nof Oschadbank. At first, IDPs undergo PI at 6 month intervals two times. After, they must undergo PI once per\nyear. If the IDP doesn\u2019t have an electronic pension certificate, he must undergo PI every 3 months.\n\n\nElectronic pension certificates and regular payment cards are valid for 3 years. [2] If an IDP doesn\u2019t undergo PI,\nOschadbank blocks the IDP\u2019s account until the IDP undergoes PI. [3] The bank also informs government organs\nsuch as the Office of the Pension Fund of Ukraine about blocking the IDP\u2019s account. [4]\n\n\nIn late February and early March of 2017 IDP pensioners started receiving text messages informing them of\nthe need to undergo PI. These messages were received by pensioners with electronic pension certificates\nas well as those without (the latter use regular payment cards). As a result, huge queues were observed at\nOschadbank branches, particularly in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. [5]\n\n\nOn 1 May 2017 the government announced the timeframe for the first PIs. [6] Oschadbank informed the NGO\n\u00abRight to Protection\u00bb (R2P) that the bank sends text messages to IDPs recommending dates to undergo\nphysical identification. These measures are done to avoid lengthy queues and overworking bank staff. [7]\n\n\nHowever, there is no legal framework determining what specifically personal identification entails for an IDP\npensioner. Further, Oschadbank has not provided special guidelines for PI of persons with disabilities. In fact,\nthe disabled are subject to the same general PI requirements as the able bodied, with Oshadbank not taking\ninto account circumstances which would prevent such people from undergoing PI.\n\n\n1 5 November 2014 decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Number 637, \u00abOn the implementation of social benefits for internally\ndisplaced persons\u00bb, link: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/637-2014-%D0%BF\n\n2 In accordance with paragraph six of clause 1 of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 5 November 2014, No. 637\n\u00abOn the Implementation of Social Payments for Internally Displaced Persons\u00bb, link: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/637-2014- %\nD0% BF; According to the \u00abMy Account\u00bb Tariff package Oschadbank, which provides for IDPs to receive pensions and/or monthly cash\naid, link: https://www.oschadbank.ua/ua/private/paycards/moia_kraina/\n\n3 Rules for conducting individual Oschadbank account transactions, link: https://www.oschadbank.ua/upload/Pravila%20chinny%20\nz%202016.12.30.pdf. According to the third paragraph of paragraph 13 of the Procedure for Issue of Payment Cards, which at the same\ntime is a pension certificate, approved by the Resolution of the PFU \u00abOn Implementation of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers\nof Ukraine dated 14 March 2016, No. 167\u00bb On Amendments to certain Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, link: http://\nzakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0633-16/paran5#n5\n\n4 In accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 8 June 2016, No. 365 \u00abSome issues of the implementation\nof social benefits for internally displaced persons\u00bb, link: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/365-2016-%D0%BF/paran66#n66\n\n5 According to R2P monitors, in the middle of Mach in Kostiantynivka and Pokrovsky 200-300 people were in Oschadbank queues;\nin Volnovakha 650 IDPs were in the queue (!), queues in the Luhansk region were observed in Severodonetsk, Stanitsa-Luhanska,\nRubizhne, Lisichansk, Belovodsk. On 20 and 21 March, up to 500 people were observed in the Bilivodsk queues and the same number\nof people were in line at Stanislana-Luganska on 22 and 23 March while up to 100 people were observed in queues in Lisichansk.\n24.03.17 in Severodonetsk - up to 40. On 13 March a man died in the 100 person Severdoentsk queue.\n\n6 In accordance with the Government resolution dated 22 March 2017, No. 186 \u00abOn Amendments to Item 1 of the Resolution of the\nCabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 5 November 2014 No. 637\u00bb, link: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/186-2017-%D0%BF/\nparan5#n5\n\n7 Letter of Oschadbank No. 53 / 5-16 / 615 of 29 March 2017.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 3\n\n\nOschadbank stipulates that to pass physical identification, the following conditions must be met:\n\n\n - The IDP should visit any Oschadbank office in person with their passport or another document replacing the\npassport and a bank card\n\n\n - The person should present 1) a regular payment card or digitized pensioners\u2019 ID and 2) A passport or another\ndocument replacing the passport\n\n\n - Use the payment card or digitized pensioners\u2019 ID to complete an operation such as cash withdrawal or\naccount balance review [8]\n\n\nR2P has recorded numerous obstacles preventing IDP pensioners from receiving their pensions, including PI.\nThus, PI was chosen as the topic for this thematic monitoring.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Assessing the feasibility of IDPs with disabilities undergoing PI\n\n\n\n\n\n\n - Interviewing Oschadbank employees (103 in total)\n\n\n - Supervising the process of PI in Oschadbank departments (92 departments, including at entry/exit\ncheckpoint Novotroitske)\n\n\nThe information received from this monitoring has been used to formulate recommendations. R2P considers\nmandatory PI incompatible with the rights and freedoms of Ukrainian IDPs as stipulated by the Ukrainian\nconstitution. Recommendations have been provided to Oschadbank as they are the only institution carrying\nout PI.\n\n\n8 Letter of Oschadbank No. 53 / 5-16 / 615 of 29 March 2017.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PI", - "confidence": 0.7971083521842957, - "start": 110, - "end": 111 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "thematic monitoring", - "confidence": 0.5035619139671326, - "start": 122, - "end": 124 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "R2P", - "confidence": 0.9708878397941589, - "start": 96, - "end": 97 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP pensioners", - "confidence": 0.7501625418663025, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring", - "confidence": 0.8410159945487976, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6851256489753723, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 4\n\n##### SURVEY OF IDP PENSIONERS\n\n\nA total of 629 people were interviewed at Oschadbank branches. Of the 629 interviewees 123 (19.6%) had\ndisabilities. 403 women (64.1%) and 226 men (35.9%) were interviewed.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 80+**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#### **3,8%** **3,8%** **14,8%** **27,2%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 \u0434\u043e 50**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 50-59**\n\n\n**\u2013 70-80**\n\n\n\nAge of Polled Pensioners\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 87,4% have already passed**\n**PI**\n\n**\u2022 3,5%** have visited\nOschadbank to complete PI,\nbut did not pass for various\nreasons\n\n**\u2022 9,1%** have not yet visited\nOschadbank for PI\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022** **79,8%** - Old age pensions\n\n**\u2022** **14%** - Disability pensions\n\n**\u2022** **5,1%** - For length of service\n\n**\u2022** **0,6%** - For loss of husband/primary breadwinner\n\n**\u2022** **0,5%** - Lifelong pension\n\n36.2% of interviewees already received a Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID, while the remaining 63.8% have not yet\nreceived a Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID and must undergo PI every 3 months.\n\n\nAmong those without the Digitized Pensioners\u2019 IDs, only 38.4% indicated that they have completed applications\nto receive a Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Oschadbank SMS**\n\n\n\n\n\n**Friends/Relatives**\n\n\n**Other Pensioners/IDPs**\n\n\n**Oschadbank Employee**\n\n\n**Oschadbank Hotline**\n\n\n**Mass Media**\n\n\n**Humanitarian Workers**\n\n\n**Employees of Pension Fund**\n\n\n**Social Networks**\n\n\n**Oschadbank Website**\n\n\n**Other**\n\n\n**Oschadbank Information Stand**\n\n\n\n\n\n**35**\n\n\n**24**\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWays of Finding Out About PI\n\n\n\n**74,2%** of respondents reported that they had been informed by Oschadbank (through text message or phone\ncall) about the need to undergo PI while 25.8% were not informed by Oschadbank.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SURVEY OF IDP PENSIONERS", - "confidence": 0.9713016748428345, - "start": 15, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "SURVEY", - "confidence": 0.9504469633102417, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Oschadbank branches", - "confidence": 0.746559202671051, - "start": 27, - "end": 29 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP PENSIONERS", - "confidence": 0.770540714263916, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID", - "confidence": 0.7236068248748779, - "start": 281, - "end": 285 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "interviewees", - "confidence": 0.8692474365234375, - "start": 277, - "end": 278 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Digitized Pensioners\u2019 IDs", - "confidence": 0.9135264158248901, - "start": 314, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 39,3%** - By 3 April 2017\n\n**\u2022 30,7%** - By 1 May 2017\n\n**\u2022 10,7%** - As soon as possible\n\n**\u2022 4,8%** - Other, including specific dates in April, as well as within 6 months due to having recently received\nDigitized Pensioners\u2019 ID\n\n**\u2022 14,2%** - Unaware of any PI deadlines\n\n\n**20,7%** of respondents who passed PI did not know when must next undergo PI\n\n**79,3%** of respondents reported that they were aware of the timeframe for their next PI. The following\ntimeframes were named for respondents next PIs:\n\n**\u2022 44,1%** - After 3 months\n\n**\u2022 27,2%** - After 6 months\n\n**\u2022 26,9%** - After receipt of a text message from Oschadbank\n\n**\u2022 0,5%** - The next time they withdraw funds\n\n**\u2022 1,4%** - Other\n\n\n**45,3%** reported that they had no information about the details of PI\n\n**54,7%** reported receiving information about the details of PI from the following sources (respondents could\nprovide multiple answers):\n\n**\u2022 34,2%** - Text message from Oschadbank\n\n**\u2022 33,6%** - Other IDPs\n\n**\u2022 29,9%** - Relatives/friends\n\n**\u2022 11,6%** - Oschadbank hotline\n\n**\u2022 48,3%** - NGOs and volunteers\n\n**\u2022 6,3%** - Media (websites, newspapers, radio, television)\n\n**\u2022 3,7%** - Social media\n\n**\u2022 2%** - Staff of the Ukrainian Pension Fund or Department of Social Protection\n\n**\u2022 0,3%** - Official Oschadbank website\n\n**\u2022 0,3%** - Employees of Oschadbank\n\n**\u2022 0,3%** - Information stand at Oschadbank branches\n\n**\u2022 0,3%** - On Public Transport\n\n\n#### **19,6%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Don\u2019t understand**\n\n\n#### **44%**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Understand**\n**partly**\n\n\n\nIDP understanding of PI process\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID", - "confidence": 0.9054407477378845, - "start": 77, - "end": 81 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8759568929672241, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7067747712135315, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Pensioners", - "confidence": 0.5893964171409607, - "start": 78, - "end": 79 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP\n\n##### PI PROCESS\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\n\nPI locations\n\n\n**\u2022 91,5%** - Presenting a passport\n\n**\u2022 76,9%** - Presenting a payment/bank pension card\n\n**\u2022 70,2%** - Using the card at the bank\u2019s cash desk or payment terminal to complete a banking transaction\n\n**\u2022 62,4%** - Photographing the IDP with their passport and bank card\n\n**\u2022 12,4%** - Presenting the IDP certificate\n\n**\u2022 5,8%** - Presenting the pension certificate\n\n**\u2022 5,6%** - Photographing the IDP with their passport\n\n**\u2022 3,3%** - Using the card to make payment at an ATM\n\n**\u2022 2%** - Using the card at an Oschadbank branch ATM\n\n**\u2022 1,6%** - Taking pictures of the IDP with their card\n\n**\u2022 4,5%** - Other\n\n_Other actions occurred during PI included presenting a tax payer number, presenting a residence permit_\n_(instead of a passport for non-citizens), photographing the IDP with the ID card or badge of an Oschadbank_\n_employee._\n\n\nAccording to the procedure announced by Oschadbank, the PI procedure involves a banking transaction which\nrequires entering a PIN code with one\u2019s payment card or Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID. Such an operation should be\nfree of charge. The IDPs provided the following answers regarding the actions undertaken during PI.\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 36,4%** - Did not complete PI due to long queue\n\n**\u2022 13,6%** - Leaving the queue for health reasons\n\n**\u2022 9,1%** - No passport/card/pension certificate\n\n**\u2022 9,1%** - Absence of other documents required by Oschadbank (IDP certificate, etc)\n\n**\u2022 9,1%** - Did not have enough funds to carry out PI (a significant number of respondents were told that they\nwould have to pay for certain banking services to complete PI)\n\n**\u2022 22,7%** - other (damaged Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID, etc)\n\n\n\nRegarding the details of conducting PIs, only IDPs who had already undergone the process were interviewed.\n(87.4% of the total respondents)\n\n\n#### **65,6%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Oschadbank**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Other**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Office in Another Area**\n\n\n#### **17,3%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Another Office in the Same Area**\n\n\n\n**6,5% - Other**\n\n\n**2,4% - Depositing Funds**\n**Onto Card**\n\n\n**37,6% - Cash Withdrawal**\n\n\n**0,2% - \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433**\n\n\n\n**17,3% - Changing PIN Code**\n\n\n**0,2% - \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043c\u0441-**\n**\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f**\n\n\n**1,8% - Housing Insurance**\n**Payment**\n\n\n**34,0% - Checking Account**\n**Balance**\n\n\nBanking Operations Performed During PI\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 7\n\n\n_Some IDPs had to undertake a transaction which required payment of a fee to complete PI_\n\n**\u2022 58,4%** of IDPs stated that they voluntarily selected one of the various standard options for PI\n\n**\u2022 31,8%** of IDPs stated that an operation chosen by a bank employee was compulsory for PI\n\n**\u2022 7,4%** of IDPs stated that the operation was done without the employee explaining it to them or without the\nIDP understanding it\n\n**\u2022 2,4%** - stated other (they did not understand which option was carried out, do not remember, etc)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 39,8%** - reported lengthy queues and long waiting times\n\n**\u2022 8,5%** - reported stuffiness inside Oschadbank buildings\n\n**\u2022 12,7%** - mentioned a lack of a separate queue for PI\n\n**\u2022 10,9%** - mentioned a lack of furniture in the waiting room\n\n**\u2022 19,8%** - mentioned insufficient seating capacity\n\n**\u2022 2,7%** - reported that Oschadbank employees were rude\n\n**\u2022 27,8%** - reported that they weren\u2019t given enough information on the procedure\n\n**\u2022 7,5%** - mentioned that bank employees were unable to explain the procedure\n\n**\u2022 19,8%** - mentioned the lack of printed information\n\n**\u2022 29,5%** - reported difficulty getting to an Oschadbank branch (due to living far from Oschadbank branches)\n\n**\u2022 4,5%** - reported other, including lack of toilets or drinking water, unseemly behavior of others in the queue,\ntransportation costs, etc\n\n**\u2022 19,5%** - stated that they did not have any difficulties\n\n\n**36,6%** of the polled IDPs with disabilities contacted Oschadbank to request an alternate way to conduct PI\n(without the IDP having to visit a bank branch). Oschadbank was contacted in the following ways:\n\n**\u2022 40%** - by an IDP representative with power of attorney personally visiting the bank\n\n**\u2022 26,7%** - by calling the Oschadbank hotline\n\n**\u2022 20%** - by calling a local Oschadbank branch\n\n**\u2022 13,3%** - other, including having relatives speak to the bank representatives\n\nThe second paragraph of Article 1 of Government Resolution no. 637 \u00abOn the Implementation of Social\nPayments for Internally Displaced Persons\u00bb dated 5 November 2014 provides a legal basis for a special\nmechanism for disabled IDPs. When inquiring about the special mechanism the disabled IDPs, IDPs reported\nreceiving the following answers from bank staff:\n\n\n#### **60,0%**\n\n\n#### **17,8%**\n\n**\u2013 Employee Home Visit**\n**Mobile Terminal**\n\n#### **22,2%**\n\n**\u2013 Through Relatives/**\n**Trusted Persons**\n\n\nBank responses regarding availability of special\nPI mechanism for disabled IDPs\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 8\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- In the vast majority of cases, disabled IDPs came to the nearest bank branch by taxi or other type of private\nhired transport. The bank staff would service them on the street. If there were no mobile payment terminals\nin the bank office, or if the IDPs came without relatives, they had to divulge sensitive information to complete\nthe transaction, such as PIN codes. This forced bank employees to violate some of the company\u2019s principles\n\n- Some Oschadbank employees carried out PI at IDPs\u2019 residences using mobile payment terminals. In most of\nthese cases the IDPs had to pay for the bank employee\u2019s transportation\n\n- Some PIs were carried out by the IDP\u2019s representative (usually utilizing power of attorney or medical\ndocuments confirming the IDP\u2019s disability)\n\n##### CONCLUSIONS\n\n\nAlmost half of the respondents reported that they had no information on the details of the PI (timeframes,\nplaces, requirements). The surveyed IDPs reported various sources of information on the PI, indicating that\nthe authorities and Oschadbank lack a centralized information policy. 63.6% of those polled indicated that\nthey did not fully understand the PI procedure.\n\n\nIDPs\u2019 responses indicate insufficient understanding regarding the terms of subsequent PIs, particularly\nrelating to the Digitized Pensioners\u2019 IDs. There are inconsistencies regarding the frequency IDPs must undergo\nsubsequent PIs: some who have a Digitized Pensioners\u2019 ID are told to undergo PI again after 3 months (when it\nshould be 6 months) and some who lack Digitized Pensioners\u2019 IDs are told to come back after 6 months (when\nit should be 3 months). Still others are yet to receive notification of when to come back for the next PI. If an\nIDP\u2019s phone number changes, there is no system in place for them to update this information, putting them at\nrisk of missing their next PI appointment and temporarily losing access to their pensions.\n\n\nMost interviewees (80.5%) indicated that they encountered some kind of difficulty in the process of undergoing\nPI. The most common reported difficulties were long queues (39.8%), difficulties getting to an Oschadbank\nbranch (29.5%), lack of information on the PI procedure (27.8%) and insufficient seating at the Oschadbank\nbranch (19.8%).\n\n\nThe survey also indicates inconsistencies in carrying out PIs at various Oschadbank branches, complicating\nthe process.\n\n\nSome IDPs reported that they were forced to undergo additional procedures not mentioned in the PI rules\npublished by Oschadbank and had to perform banking services for a fee. For example, 62.4% of interviewees\nreported that they had to go through the PI by taking a photograph with their passport and ID, while the PI\nprocedures do not call for this.\n\n\n17.3% of IDPs who successfully passed PI claimed that funds were withdrawn from their account, ranging from\n1 to 25 UAH. Apparently, these funds were withdrawn as a fee for additional verification of account balance,\nchanging PIN codes, and connecting IDPs to the SMS-based information system. 51.6% of interviewees said\nthat they were not warned that such a charge would be incurred, believing (as per the information provided\nby Oschadbank) that the PI procedure is free of charge.\n\n\nAll respondents in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and the majority in Zaporizhzhya Oblast reported that their PI\nprocess took under 30 minutes. In Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, some of the interviewees stated that they\nwere forced to spend more than a day trying to complete PI, and multiple days in some cases. This forced them\nto spend the night at railway stations and hotels. Such cases were particularly common among respondents in\nPokrovsk, Kostiantynivka and Volnovakhay in Donetsk Oblast.\n\n\nIDP pensioners with disabilities usually had to undergo the same procedure as non-disabled IDPs due to the\nrisk of losing access to pension funds in spite of great inconvenience and the additional cost of visiting the\nbank. However, despite the lack of a special process for such individuals, 78% of disabled IDPs reported that\nthey managed to pass PI. Most of them did this by going to the bank with a taxi or some other kind of private\ntransport. Others either had Oschadbank employees visit their residences at their personal expense, or had a\nduly authorized representative undergo the process for them.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PI", - "confidence": 0.7598944902420044, - "start": 101, - "end": 102 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8959930539131165, - "start": 19, - "end": 20 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8738217353820801, - "start": 449, - "end": 450 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9173765778541565, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 9\n\n##### POLL OF OSCHADBANK EMPLOYEES\n\n\n103 Oschadbank employees were interviewed in 4 oblasts\n\n\n**75,7%** - noted that they were personally involved in the PI process\n\n**24,3%** - stated that they were not involved\n\n\n\n\n#### **2,9%**\n\n**\u2013 Other**\n\n\n**Balance**\n\n\n#### **1,9%**\n\n\n#### **14,6%**\n\n**\u2013 Changing PIN Code**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Instructions Unavailable**\n\n\n#### **7,8%** **90,3%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Instructions Available**\n\n\nAvailability of PI instructions\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 No Answer**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 91,3%** - presenting a passport\n\n**\u2022 77,7%** - presenting a payment card/pension card\n\n**\u2022 71,8%** - conducting a transaction using a card\n\n**\u2022 64,1%** - being photographed with a passport and card\n\n**\u2022 15,5%** - presenting an IDP certificate\n\n**\u2022 7,8%** - presenting a pension certificate\n\n**\u2022 3,9%** - being photographed with a card\n\n**\u2022 2,9%** - being photographed with a passport\n\n**\u2022 1,9%** - Using the card at an ATM\n\n**\u2022 0,9%** - Using the card at a self-service terminal\n\n**\u2022 5,8%** - other\n\n**\u2022 5,8%** did not answer\n\n_In cases when PI was not completed at a cash desk, the employee also took a photograph of the IDP with the_\n_employee\u2019s badge visible. The employees who stated that using a card at a cash desk payment terminal was_\n_obligatory also mentioned that the IDP could perform the following transactions in the course of PI: verifying_\n_account balance, withdrawing or adding funds \u2013 any transaction requirng a PIN code._\n\n\n#### **3,9%**\n\n**\u2013 Did not Answer**\n\n\n#### **23,3%**\n\n**\u2013 Withdrawal of Cash from Card**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "POLL OF OSCHADBANK EMPLOYEES", - "confidence": 0.9900429248809814, - "start": 11, - "end": 15 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "4 oblasts", - "confidence": 0.6102890372276306, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "OSCHADBANK EMPLOYEES", - "confidence": 0.808358371257782, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 10\n\n\n\n\n#### **23,3%**\n\n**\u2013 Did not Answer**\n#### **46,6%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 81,6%** - it is possible\n\n**\u2022 2,9%** - it is not possible\n\n**\u2022 15,5%** did not respond\n\n\n**63,1%** of employees reported difficulties in carrying out PI, including (respondents could give more than one\nanswer):\n\n**\u2022 40,8%** - lack of IDP knowledge\n\n**\u2022 36,9%** - too many IDPs at the location, overwhelming employee ability to provide service\n\n**\u2022 14,6%** - understaffed banks\n\n**\u2022 2,9%** - insufficient logistical support (such as dearth of payment terminals)\n\n_Bank employees reported that they lacked clear instructions on PI._\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 Did not Answer**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 No Mechanism**\n#### **30,1%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 There is a Mechanism**\n\n\n\nAvailability of Special PI Mechanism For Disabled IDPs, According to IDPs\n\n\nOschadbank employees\u2019 responses on ways for IDPs with disabilities to complete PI (respondents could give\nmultiple answers):\n\n**\u2022 54,8%** - employees visiting IDPs\u2019 residences with a mobile terminal\n\n**\u2022 3,2%** - bringing the bank\u2019s mobile unit to the disabled IDP\u2019s settlement\n\n**\u2022 19,4%** - the disabled IDP\u2019s legal representative visits an Oschadbank branch\n\n**\u2022 35,5%** - other, including employee visits IDP\u2019s home for photographing, redirecting the IDP to the central\nbank office, and bringing a mobile branch to the IDP\u2019s settlement\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 11\n\n##### CONCLUSIONS\n\n\nIt is clear from Oschadbank employee responses that a significant number of IDPs (40.8%) were unaware of\nthe PI procedure. This fact is evidenced by the IDP poll: 45,3% of IDP pensioner respondents were not aware\nof the PI timeframe, location and requirements prior to undergoing PI.\n\n\nA positive fact is that most polled employees (68.9%) indicated that they would inform pensioners of their next\nPI appointment, usually scheduled in 3 months for regular payment card holders and in 6 months for digitalized\npensioners\u2019 ID holders, 12,6% did not inform IDPs of the next PI appointment, 18,5% did not respond. Some\nemployees stated that text messages would be sent to IDPs reminding them of their appointments.\n\n\nThe survey also shows that banks do not have a unified approach to PI. 64.1% of employees said that IDPs had\nto be photographed with their passport and cards, despite this not being a requirement. [9] Some also said that\nadditional documents, such as IDP and pension certificates had to be submitted.\n\n\nIt can also be concluded that the banks are understaffed and overwhelmed during PI periods. Since March\n2017, R2P has recorded acute problems of IDP demand for service overwhelming Oschadbank staff in Donetsk\nand Luhansk Oblasts.\n\n\nAlmost half of polled employees stated that there is no special PI mechanism for disabled IDPs, despite this\nbeing necessitated by Resolution no. 637. [10] About a third of employees polled mentioned alternative methods\nof performing PI for disabled IDP pensioners: conducting PI at the IDP\u2019s residence or with a duly authorized\nIDP representative visiting the bank.\n\n\n9 At the time of monitoring, HSP advice was published on the Oschadbank website at the following link https://www.oschadbank.ua/\nua/Quality%20ta%20%%20%%%20EPP.pdf. In particular, it stated that the pensioner must activate the EPP to unlock UPS\u2019s expense\ntransactions in the part of the payment card on the day of obligatory physical identification. For this, a pensioner must carry out any\ntransaction (cash withdrawal, balance check, etc.), which involves the introduction of PIN-U through the payment terminal in the office\nof the Bank. \u00abOn 22 March an announcement was posted on the website of Oschadbank, www.oschadbank.ua/ua/press-service/\nnews/4337532/, according to which \u00abfor physical identification it is necessary: **\u200b** - to contact ANY department of Oschadbank with a\ndocument certifying Person, and card or EPP; - to carry out any operation using a card or electronic payment system at the POS-terminal\nof the Savings Bank (review of account balance, receipt of funds, etc.). None of these sources list a requirement for taking pictures of\nthe IDP, providing additional documents, etc.\n\n10 According to the paragraph of the second paragraph of the Resolution No. 637 \u00abOn the Implementation of Social Payments to Internally\nDisplaced Persons\u00bb No. 637 of 5 November 2014 payments may be made by Oschadbank on written declarations of persons with\nCategory 1 disabilities and persons who are not capable of self-service and who require permanent third-party assistance free of charge\nwith home deliver at their actual place of residence/stay.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP poll", - "confidence": 0.9917003512382507, - "start": 44, - "end": 46 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "poll", - "confidence": 0.5033694505691528, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5888161659240723, - "start": 24, - "end": 25 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9191454648971558, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7711939215660095, - "start": 158, - "end": 159 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8056254386901855, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy for, Protection of, and Legal Assistance to IDPs 12\n\n##### OBSERVATIONS AT OSCHADBANK BRANCHES\n\n\n92 Oschadbank branches were visited in different settlements across four oblasts.\n\n\nQueues were observed in many branches due to the necessity of performing PIs for a large number of IDP\npensioners in a short timeframe.\n\n\n#### **10,9%**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 No Queue**\n\n\n#### **38,0%**\n\n**\u2013 Under 20 People**\n\n\n\n\n**\u2013 21-50 People**\n\n\n\nLength of Queues For PI\n\n\nThe queues in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya Oblasts were no longer than 20 persons. However, large\nqueues were observed in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. The largest queues were observed during monitoring\nin Volnovakha (more than 1000 people).\n\n\nQueues extending to the street were observed in 15 institutions in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. Overcrowded\noffices were observed in 13 institutions, mainly in Donetsk Oblast.\n\n\neased employee workload.\n\n\n - Providing addresses of other branches\n\n\n - Opening additional windows or involving additional employees\n\n\n - Appointing an employee to organize the queue and provide information\n\n\n - Bringing a mobile office to the overloaded branch\n\n\nOften, Oschadbank offices had 6-10 seats. However, some lacked even this number of seats (Volnovakha,\nNovotroitskaya, Mariupol, Bogatyr, Kurakhove, Kryvyi Rih). In offices with large queues, seating was insufficient.\n\n\nOften, Oschadbank offices were equipped with only 6-10 seats, but some branches had even less seats or no\nseats at all (Volnovakha, Novotroitske, Mariupol, Bohatyr Village, Kurakhove of Donetsk Oblast, Kryvyi Rih,\nDnipropetrovsk Oblast, and also at the mobile branch located at EECP Novotroitske). Seating was certainly\ninsufficient at offices with large queues seats.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 13\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 28,3%** - renovated or new office\n\n**\u2022 7,6%** - toilets for visitors\n\n**\u2022 42,4%** - drinking water for visitors\n\n**\u2022 59,8%** - stairs at building entrance\n\n**\u2022 13%** - stairs inside the building\n\n**\u2022 22,8%** - wheelchair ramps\n\n**\u2022 54,3%** - high-quality indoor lighting\n\n\nBranch 10012/026 in Kreminna, Luhansk Oblast is located on the third floor of a building with steep stairs and\nno elevator, making access impossible for people with limited mobility.\n\nIn only 25% of Oschadbank branches was printed information on PI available on information stands.\n\nIn 59 branches (64.1%) all bank visitors were received together, regardless of the purpose of their visit. In the\nremaining 33 branches, separate entry was provided for people undergoing PI.\n\nIn 69.6% of Oschadbank branches, 1-2 employees were involved in PI; in 21.7%, 3-4 employees were involved;\nIn 8.7% 5-8 employees were involved (in Selydovey, Kostiantynivka, Toretsk, Kurakhove, Hirmyk of Donetsk\nOblast, Kryvyi Rih and Synelnykove of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast).\n\nIn half the visited branches, a consultant was present in the hall. The consultant would advise clients and assist\nthem in using the terminals and ATMs, as well as regulate the queue. Such a role is particularly important as\nthere are a large number of visitors in many locations.\n\n\n1. Pensioners who had not been able to undergo PI were forced to stay overnight in State Emergency Service\ntents at the entry/exit checkpoint Novotroitske.\n\n2. The Oschadbank branch in the city of Vuhledar in Donetsk Oblast artificially created a queue for more\nthan 2000 people (at the time of the monitoring visit, there were about 12 persons there for PI) and some\npeople asked for bribes to hasten the IDPs\u2019 PI process. The head of the branch was suspended after it was\nrevealed that he was involved in this illegal activity.\n\n##### CONCLUSIONS\n\n\nA significant proportion of the visited departments have taken measures to reduce queues. However, despite\nthese efforts, [11] there were still large queues in Oschadbank branches in Luhansk and Donetsk Oblasts.\n\n\nOnly 22.8% of the visited departments were accessible for people with limited mobility. The absence of ramps at\nmost locations is a major obstacle for disabled IDPs.\n\n\nOnly 7.6% of branches visited have toilets. This is a basic requirement, particularly when there are long queues\nand 7.6% is an abysmal figure.\n\n\nOnly 25% of the banks had written information on PI in their lobbies. According to the survey, 40-50% of IDPs\nwere unaware of the PI procedure. There should be a way to provide uniform instructions and information to\nease the PI process and prevent abuse.\n\n\n11 According to Oschadbank Letter No. 53 / 5-16 / 615 dated 29 March 2017 as of 24 March 2017, SMS messages were sent\nrecommending PI dates. Indeed, R2P has addressed the HPE, which received such reports.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9818429350852966, - "start": 531, - "end": 532 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5909419655799866, - "start": 531, - "end": 532 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7550243735313416, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9698224067687988, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.7127996683120728, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy for, Protection of, and Legal Assistance to IDPs 14\n\n##### To the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine\n\n\n - To exclude provisions of the 5 November 2014 decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Number 637, On the implementation of social\nbenefits for internally displaced persons, which concern the need for regular (once every 6 months, once a year, once every 3 months) physical\nidentification in institutions at offices of Oschadbank as a mandatory condition for servicing payment cards of these persons by making appropriate\nchanges.\n\n##### Recommendations to Oschadbank:\n\n\n- Provide a uniform and easily understood guide to undergoing PI;\n\n- Create a framework for facilitating PI for IDPs with disabilities and those who require third-party assistance in accordance with the second paragraph of\nthe Resolution 637 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine;\n\n- Ensure building accessibility (by installing ramps and such);\n\n- Clearly inform IDPs about the duration, location and requirements for PI;\n\n- Provide access to basic amenities such as toilets, drinking water, and seats at bank branches;\n\n- Increase the number of stationary and mobile branches in Luhansk and Donetsk Oblasts;\n\n- Increase the number of staff employed in Donetsk and Luhansk branches;\n\n- Provide professional training to bank employees concerning PI in order to smooth out and enhance the process.\n\n\nFor more information please contact: **vpl.pravo@r2p.org.ua**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/69ace08b-f28b-3979-94b6-9546f58bc22c/report-on-verification-of-idp-pensioners.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_923/raw/doc_923_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_923/raw/doc_923_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2a59da024052fa2792c9f757033b156bf248bcf2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_923/raw/doc_923_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fad17e4c-da3b-31a0-9609-4b2d5fd775c9/report_on_joint_education_mission_to_dadaab_refugee_camps_20160930.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fad17e4c-da3b-31a0-9609-4b2d5fd775c9/report_on_joint_education_mission_to_dadaab_refugee_camps_20160930.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Areas of Return|Individuals|\n|---|---|\n|Kismayo|12,167|\n|Baidoa|5,890|\n|Mogadishu|3,589|\n|Luuq|2,984|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fad17e4c-da3b-31a0-9609-4b2d5fd775c9/report_on_joint_education_mission_to_dadaab_refugee_camps_20160930.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Point of Action|Timeline|Responsibilities|\n|---|---|---|\n|_Coordination_ _and information management:_

Dadaab:
\uf0b7 Quarterly meetings will be organised between the
Education Coordination Working Group in Dadaab and
the Education Cluster in Somalia to discuss and address
education needs in areas of departure.
\uf0b7 Dadaab Education Working Group and Somalia
Education Cluster (SEC) to share regular meeting
schedules to enable representation from both sides and
continued flow of information.

National:|


Ongoing




October 2016|


UNHCR (Suleiman
& Cedric); UNICEF
KCO (Mohamed &
Jennie); SEC (Sara
& Boniface)|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fad17e4c-da3b-31a0-9609-4b2d5fd775c9/report_on_joint_education_mission_to_dadaab_refugee_camps_20160930.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\uf0b7 Provision of technical support on education to Regional
Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS) framework at
regional and national level|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|_Education Data_:
\uf0b7 UNHCR together with the education working group
developed a tool that will capture the education details
of returnees\u2019 children. UNHCR to provide this
information to Education cluster
\uf0b7 SEC to share mapping of schools in Somalia
|November 2016|UNHCR (Suleiman
& Cedric);
Education Cluster
(Boniface & Sara)|\n|_Repatriation Package_:
\uf0b7 SEC to engage the Regional Sub-Clusters to verify and
detail the information provided in the repatriation
package (UNHCR & NRC). This will include the numbers
of schools, the curricula and language used, and the
fees required
\uf0b7 Advocate/ fundraise for adequate support for
education access based on the information provided by
the Regional Sub-Clusters should be a priority
\uf0b7 Updated information to be shared with members of the
ECWG to enable consistent flow of information to
refugees
|October 2016|UNHCR (Suleiman
& Cedric); UNICEF
KCO (Mohamed)|\n|_Institutionalization - Policy Decisions and Strategic_
_Guidance Policy Level_
\uf0b7 Somalia Education cluster has engaged the ministry of
education to form a task force to comprise Federal
Government, Juba and South West administrations and
partners. The MoE to take lead on this process.
\uf0b7 KCO to engage the MoE to ensure that all learners
registered to sit for their national examinations, both
KCPE and KCSE, will be accorded the requisite support
to enable them to adequately prepare and sit for the
upcoming exams.
||Permanent
Secretary Ministry
of Education
(Yussuf Hassan) &
SEC (Sara
Skovgaard &
Boniface) ; UNICEF
KCO (Daniel,
Jennie)|\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fad17e4c-da3b-31a0-9609-4b2d5fd775c9/report_on_joint_education_mission_to_dadaab_refugee_camps_20160930.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_924/raw/doc_924_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_924/raw/doc_924_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f382fe559422fbd6f6e8787cd41643085b019292..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_924/raw/doc_924_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,696 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **10-13**\n#### **\u043ectober**\n###### **2016**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP\n\n##### INTRODUCTION\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\nImplementing an integrated approach to assist, account for, and resolve the problems of internally\ndisplaced persons (IDPs) has been a major issue since the beginning of the displacement crisis.\n\n\nThe system which the state uses to account for IDPs is based significantly on Soviet traditions,\nincluding the so-called \u00abpropiska\u00bb (residence registration). According to the \u00abpropiska\u00bb system,\ncitizens were required to obtain internal passports \u00abtied\u00bb to their permanent place of residence.\nWithin the current place of residence registration system, a person\u2019s legal status and access to\nsocial assistance and benefits are directly linked to their place of residence [1] . Changing one\u2019s\nofficial place of residence is a lengthy process and is marked by a stamp on one\u2019s internal\npassport. IDP registration is considered to be a way of bridging the gap between permanent and\ntemporary residence during displacement [2] .\n\n\nIn late December 2014, the Government initiated the process of transitioning from the \u00abpaper\u00bb\nmethodology used by the State Emergency Service (SES) to accounting for IDPs in an electronic\nsystem administered by the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine (Ministry of Social Policy). This\nallows for much quicker data tracking and compilation. The Ministry of Social Policy applies a\nformal registration procedure, where information is collected from Divisions of Social Protection\nfor the Population at the local level. Regional Divisions/Departments of Social Protection for the\nPopulation summarize and verify official data at the regional level. The Ministry of Social Policy\nheadquarters compiles IDP registration information at the national level. Transition to the new\nsystem has resulted in the number of registered IDPs increasing by 400,000 persons. Utilizing an\nelectronic system is considered an efficient and useful tool for population accounting [3] .\n\n\nNevertheless, it is worrying that the current IDP accounting system does not allow for accurate\ntracking of where IDPs actually reside. So, determining the difference between the number of\nregistered IDPs and the number of actual IDPs remains one of the largest obstacles to providing\nefficient and timely assistance [4] .\n\n\nIn addition to numerous problems implementing the IDP accounting system, the government has\nalso failed to make the collected data publicly available. Today, no general profile of the displaced\npopulation has been published, neither have the characteristics of individually registered IDPs\n(age, sex, etc.) been made available to NGOs or the IDPs themselves.\n\n\nOn 20 October 2014, Ukraine adopted the law \u00abOn the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced\nPersons\u00bb (No. 1706-VII). This law defined the concept of an internally displaced person, provided\nfor an IDP accounting system and called for the creation of a Unified Information Database for\nIDPs (UIDB). The Government of Ukraine is responsible for creating and maintaining the UIDB, as\nwell as determining who may access the database.\n\n\n[1] Executive summary on IDP accounting in Ukraine, Cluster on legal protection, Ukraine, 25 May 2015\n\n[2] Executive summary on IDP accounting in Ukraine, Cluster on legal protection, Ukraine, 25 May 2015\n\n[3] Executive summary on IDP accounting in Ukraine, Cluster on legal protection, Ukraine, 25 May 2015\n\n[4] \u00abUkraine Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) report,\u00bb Ukraine NGO Forum, 25 March 2015, http://acaps.org/img/documents/uukraine-multi-sector-needs-assessment-report-30-mar-2015.pdf\n\n[5] UIDB test mode provides access to the Ministry of Social Policy, the DSPP and the State Border Service. A full-featured database\nlaunch will provide access to IDPs, other authorities and public organizations. Each IDP will have their personal account registered in\nthe database, access to which will be provided using an electronic key. At this stage, any IDP can independently update information\non their needs through their personal account. NGOs and volunteers will not have access to IDPs\u2019 personal data, but will be able\nto use the database to search for targeted groups of IDPs in order to assist them and maintain information about their activities.\nSo, IDPs using the database will be able not only to check the status of their IDP Certificates, but also to find relevant opportunities\nfor volunteer and NGO assistance. (based on information provided on the website of \u00abDonbasSOS.\u00bb http://donbasssos.org/\nbaza22092016/)\n\n[6] According to information posted on the official website of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine. http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/\nuk/publish/article?art_id=249225479&cat_id=244277212\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP registration", - "confidence": 0.5928043127059937, - "start": 162, - "end": 164 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9291241765022278, - "start": 228, - "end": 229 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6572777032852173, - "start": 188, - "end": 189 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9510369300842285, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP registration information", - "confidence": 0.9111042618751526, - "start": 301, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6542977094650269, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5109253525733948, - "start": 321, - "end": 322 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP accounting system", - "confidence": 0.5871739387512207, - "start": 506, - "end": 509 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9876189231872559, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9588698744773865, - "start": 568, - "end": 569 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.942737340927124, - "start": 463, - "end": 464 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Ukraine Multi-Sector Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.9893947243690491, - "start": 615, - "end": 619 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.8171295523643494, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.9857893586158752, - "start": 620, - "end": 621 - }, - "author": { - "text": "Cluster on legal protection", - "confidence": 0.6320257782936096, - "start": 601, - "end": 605 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9837851524353027, - "start": 606, - "end": 607 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9893109798431396, - "start": 610, - "end": 611 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9298566579818726, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 3\n\n\nAccording to a notice issued by the Ministry of Social Policy, the UIDB has been working in test\nmode since 1 August 2016 [5, 6] . In early September 2016, the Minister of Social Policy stated that\nthe UIDB would be fully operational from 01 October 2016 [7] . However, at the end of October 2016,\nthe UIDB was not yet fully operational and still cannot be accessed by NGOs or IDPs.\n\n\nOn 22 September 2016, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved Resolution No. 646, which,\namong other things, ensured that the UIDB would be accessible to voluntary, non-governmental\nand other organizations providing assistance to IDPs [8] . The Resolution also calls for the UIDB\nto include information on IDP needs and vulnerabilities (including specific disabilities, medical,\neducational and other needs).\n\n\nOn 05 October 2016, the Ministry of Social Policy recommended that Departments and Divisions\nof Social Protection for the Population (DSPP) employees who had problems with the UIDB use\nthe previous IDP accounting database until defects were removed from the UIDB.\n\n\nRepresentatives of the \u00abCharitable Foundation \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb (CF \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb)\nrepeatedly received information about problems with many DSPPs\u2019 work due to inadequate UIDB\nfunctionality.\n\n\n**In order to study the UIDB\u2019s effectiveness and identify problems DSPP employees experienced**\n**with the UIDB, CF \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb monitored program functionality and usage at DSPPs**\n**in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Luhansk and Kharkiv regions on 10-13 October**\n**2016. 76 DSPP employees were interviewed.**\n\n\nDSPP in Volnovaha\n\n\n[7] According to UKRINFORM (http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/2080460-edina-baza-pereselenciv-povnocinno-zapracue-zzovtna-reva.html)\n\n[8] http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/646-2016-%D0%BF\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.5438631176948547, - "start": 191, - "end": 192 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5509256720542908, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8028510808944702, - "start": 164, - "end": 165 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DSPPs", - "confidence": 0.6014332175254822, - "start": 232, - "end": 233 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP\n\n##### THE RESULTS OF DSPP EMPLOYEE INTERVIEWS\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\nPer the interview results, it was identified that at the time of monitoring, which occurred almost two\nmonths after the database was launched in test mode, the UIDB has been used daily in only **30.3%** of\nDSPPs visited. The reasons DSPP employees do not use the UIDB include:\n\n\n - technical software errors and faulty UIDB operation (e.g., the word \u00abcity\u00bb is mentioned twice in\nthe directory, requiring entry of the patronymic before entering a first name, etc.);\n\n\n - computer equipment available in local DSPPs do not meet UIDB software requirements;\n\n\n - inability to connect to the UIDB due to inadequate or complete lack of internet connection.\n\n\nSome DSPP employees stated that per the Ministry of Social Policy recommendation of 5 October\n2016, they have stopped using the UIDB altogether and will not resume usage until the errors are fixed\nand performance improves.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n##### DSPP EMPLOYEES WHO DO NOT USE THE UIDB\n\nAt the time of monitoring, 53 DSPPs did not use the new IDP database. This includes 36 Divisions\n(67.9%) which stopped using the UIDB for the following reasons [9] :\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**outdated computer equipment (hardware does not meet program**\n**requirements);**\n\n\n**software errors and program defects;**\n\n\n**slow, poor or no internet connection;**\n\n\n**DSPP employees lack the knowledge/skills to use the database;**\n\n\n**as a result of the letter sent by the Department of Social Protection for the**\n**Population of the Regional State Administration with the recommendation to**\n**use the previous database.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[9] Employees could provide multiple answers\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.9358231425285339, - "start": 51, - "end": 52 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "DSPPs", - "confidence": 0.5445092916488647, - "start": 67, - "end": 68 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7021830081939697, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DSPP employees", - "confidence": 0.878162682056427, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.909177303314209, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6178033947944641, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DSPP employees", - "confidence": 0.7630728483200073, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 5\n\n##### LOCATIONS OF DSPP EMPLOYEES WHO USE THE UIDB\n\n\n - Donetsk region: Avdiivka, Bakhmut, Vuhledar, Druzhkivka, Myrnohrad, Kurakhove,\nKostiantynivka, Mariupol, Mangush and Selidove;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Zaporizhzhia region: Berdiansk, Melitopol, Orikhiv, Prymorsk, Pryazovske and\nChernigivka;\n\n\n- Kharkiv region: Novopskov, Severodonetsk, Lysychansk and Vovchansk;\n\n\n- Dnipropetrovsk region: Pokrov.\n\n\n\n\n\n**60.9%** of employees who account for IDPs using the UIDB also use the previous register concurrently.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 26 % - yes;**\n\n**\u2022 61 % - no;**\n\n**\u2022 13% - did not answer or were unable to answer.**\n\n\nExamples of poor UIDB performance include sudden slowdown / stoppage, rendering it impossible\nto enter IDP data into the UIDB or access IDP data.\n\n\n**The monitoring showed great variance among local DSPP employees\u2019 understanding of**\n\n\n**\u2022 40,8 % - crosschecking IDP data, i.e. reconciliation of information available to the DSPP**\n**with data from other registers;**\n\n**\u2022 69.7 % - elimination of double entries for the same IDPs / double social benefits;**\n\n**\u2022 11.8 % - elimination of monetary assistance when provided inappropriately** **[11]** **;**\n\n**\u2022 18.4 % - verification of length of IDP stay on the territory controlled by the Government**\n**of Ukraine with the State Border Service of Ukraine (State Border Service) register to**\n**determine assignment/termination of social benefits;**\n\n**\u2022 27.6 % - data collection on IDP needs;**\n\n**\u2022 2.6 % - other reasons: to provide non-governmental organizations access to IDPs\u2019 data**\n**and establish cooperation between the state authorities, non-governmental organizations**\n**and IDPs.**\n\n\n[10] DSPP employees could provide multiple answers. 2.6% of interviewees did not answer.\n\n[11] On October 01, 2014, Resolution No. 505, approved the following Procedure for providing monthly targeted assistance to IDPs to\ncover their living expenses, including housing and utilities expenses (the Procedure). IDPs receive monthly targeted assistance under\nthe Rules established by this Procedure: UAH 442 for working displaced persons; UAH 884 for pensioners and children; UAH 1,130\nfor disabled persons (from December 01 - UAH 1,247). However, the Procedure provides for certain assistance restrictions- not all\nimmigrants can apply for assistance. In particular, assistance is not provided if any of the IDP\u2019s family members own a residential\nproperty located in regions other than the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine, areas of counter-terrorist operations and\nsettlements located on the line of contact; and/or if any of the IDP\u2019s family members have an amount on deposit exceeding 10-times\nthe size of the minimum income level for survival as set for working persons (today UAH 14,500, from December 01 - UAH 16,000).\nMoreover, if by hiding information on deposit and / or residential property, and the IDP receives financial assistance, then, on a\nreasoned request from the DSPP, that person shall pay back all assistance. If any person refuses to pay back such funds voluntarily,\nthey may be charged in a judicial proceeding.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.86151522397995, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "IDP data", - "confidence": 0.566570520401001, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Donetsk region", - "confidence": 0.6767750978469849, - "start": 20, - "end": 22 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "DSPP EMPLOYEES", - "confidence": 0.8415255546569824, - "start": 13, - "end": 15 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP data", - "confidence": 0.9387720823287964, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7698706388473511, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collection on IDP needs", - "confidence": 0.8587298393249512, - "start": 330, - "end": 335 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9138346314430237, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7231557965278625, - "start": 408, - "end": 409 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8718628287315369, - "start": 355, - "end": 356 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "information on deposit", - "confidence": 0.5167490243911743, - "start": 605, - "end": 608 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP", - "confidence": 0.5467665791511536, - "start": 616, - "end": 617 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 6\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 In October 2016, most DSPP employees use the UIDB in test mode (without the ability to**\n**enter new IDPs and IDP data, or issue certificates). Some used test mode in August, and**\n**some never used the UIDB in test mode;**\n\n**\u2022 48.7% of DSPP employees stated that they\u2019ve used the UIDB in operational mode since**\n**the beginning of October.**\n\n\n\n\n\nDSPP in Sloviansk\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 46.1 % - due to outdated computer equipment (hardware does not meet program**\n**requirements /poor capacity/no money to obtain compatible hardware);**\n\n**\u2022 71.1 % - due to software errors and program defects;**\n\n**\u2022 30.3 % - due to slow or lack of internet;**\n\n**\u2022 13.2 % - due to insufficient DSPP employee knowledge/skills;**\n\n**\u2022 5.3 % - unable to answer.**\n\nExamples of difficulties in using the UIDB:\n\n - database requires entering huge amounts of information;\n\n - the UIDB requires utilizing two employees during the full working day;\n\n - program operates slower when many users are connected (during non-working hours the UIDB\noperates quicker);\n\n - low capacity of central server.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nExamples of software problems:\n\n\n\n**of DSPP employees**\n**interviewed stated that the**\n**database contains technical**\n**errors**\n\n\n\n\n - when printing an IDP certificate, the IDP Certificate issuance date and birthdate listed on the\nphysical certificate do not correspond with the actual dates previously entered into the UIDB;\n\n - unrelated surnames randomly appear in and disappear from IDP files;\n\n - the directory does not save changes to the IDP\u2019s city;\n\n - order for data entry is illogical;\n\n - sometimes data disappears when an IDP certificate is printed;\n\n - the date/location of IDP registration is visible only in the region of registration. When the IDP file\nis viewed from other regions, the date/location of IDP registration are unavailable;\n\n - when editing an address, the UIDB indicates \u00abincorrect entry of the birth certificate number\u00bb\neven if all data is entered correctly;\n\n - passport numbers and dates of birth are displayed incorrectly;\n\n - the program requires a child identification code input.\n\n\n[12] Employees could provide multiple answers\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.9637578129768372, - "start": 219, - "end": 220 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.7949416041374207, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "region of registration", - "confidence": 0.6679717302322388, - "start": 391, - "end": 394 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 59,2% DSPPs\u2019 hardware complies with UIDB requirements;**\n\n**\u2022 35.5% DSPPs believe that their UIDB problems stem from their hardware not meeting**\n**UIDB technical requirements;**\n\n**\u2022 3.9% DSPPs could not answer the question;**\n\n**\u2022 1.4% DSPPs have some equipment which meets UIDB requirements and other**\n**equipment which does not.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 61,8% of interviewees had no problems when printing documents;**\n\n**\u2022 9.2% - could not answer the question;**\n\n**\u2022 29% - problems arose due to UIDB incompatibility with DSPP printers.**\n\n\nOther printing problems include:\n\n - printing Certificates from the UIDB causes the program/computer to slow or stop;\n\n - Certificate format and printed format do not match;\n\n - No direct UIDB function for printing Certificates;\n\n - No drivers for printing the required format;\n\n - Certificate is printed via an unlicensed program.\n\n\n\n\n\nDSPP in Volnovaha\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 47,4% stated that IDP registration and Certificate issuance took no more than 30**\n**minutes;**\n\n**\u2022 30.3% \u2013 30-90 minutes;**\n\n**\u2022 7.9% - over 90 minutes;**\n\n**\u2022 14.5% - did not answer the question.**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nExamples of problems related to internet connection include lack of funding to pay for Internet provider\nservices and 3G modem use (speed is insufficient to properly use the UIDB).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 8\n\n\n\n\n\nTraining on the UIDB\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 11,8% IDP reception is suspended until the UIDB resumes functionality;**\n\n**\u2022 61.8% continue registering IDPs using the previous database;**\n\n**\u2022 15.8% IDP document acceptance, UIDB data entry, issue IDP Certificates once the UIDB**\n**resumes functionality;**\n\n**\u2022 2.6% - other (manually issue Certificates or one of the three above mentioned answers);**\n\n**\u2022 7.9% did not answer.**\n\n##### REVIEWING AND EDITING DATA IN THE UIDB\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 63,2% - can make corrections;**\n\n**\u2022 7.9% - cannot make corrections;**\n\n**\u2022 28.9% - did not answer.**\n\n\n\nDSPP in Mariupol\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**did not**\n**answer**\n\n\n\n**yes**\n\n\n### **26%**\n\n**no**\n\n\n\nInterviewees who answered \u00abyes\u00bb about the possibility of changing an IDP file/record stated that an\nemployee of another DSPP office with UIDB access could edit an IDP file after logging in, entering the\nIDP surname, first name, patronymic, and identification code.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.9496110081672668, - "start": 13, - "end": 14 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8233744502067566, - "start": 42, - "end": 43 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP file", - "confidence": 0.5964952111244202, - "start": 217, - "end": 219 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Interviewees", - "confidence": 0.927827000617981, - "start": 205, - "end": 206 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 9\n\n\nDuring the interview, the majority of DSPP employees noted that only the Division of Social Protection\nfor the Population and the Ministry of Social Policy had access to the UIDB. Some interviewees also\nstated that the State Border Service had access to the UIDB, and in the future, NGOs and IDPs\nthemselves would have access.\n\n\nOTHER OBSERVATIONS\n\nIt should be noted that some interviewees admitted that, despite the problems with the UIDB, they\ncouldn`t openly discuss these problems and had to spend much time doing double work (using the\nUIDB concurrently with the previous database). For example, each IDP is assigned a unique number\nin the UIDB. But in order to calculate the amount of payments, one must search the old database for\ncertain information. So it is necessary to use both databases to determine an IDP\u2019s comprehensive\nhistory (including their complete profile and details on social benefits). Sometimes, having no possibility\nto process a request immediately, the DSPP employees must work during non-business hours and\nask IDPs to return the next day for their Certificates. Due to slow work performance linked with poor\nUIDB functionality, long queues form and IDPs direct anger, accusations, complaints and insults to\nDSPP staff.\n\n##### CONCLUSIONS\n\n\n**\u2022 almost 70% of DSPPs did not use the UIDB (at the time of monitoring no DSPP in Luhansk**\n**region used the database);**\n\n**\u2022 61% of interviewed DSPP staff stated that the UIDB malfunctions;**\n\n**\u2022 We were informed about many problems due to outdated equipment, software errors and**\n**defects, internet connection, and a lack of employee knowledge on how to use the UIDB.**\n\n\nDuring monitoring, it was identified that **launching the UIDB actually slowed the process of IDP**\n**registration.** So, when any problem occurred with the UIDB, DSPP employees had to stop the\nIDP registration process, work with the previous database, issue IDP Certificates manually, or use\nanother workaround. Several DSPPs reported spending over 1.5 hours with the UIDB to complete\na single registration.\n\n\n**UIDB roll out has not been supported either technically or methodologically.** For example,\n85.5% of interviewed DSPP employees were not trained how to use the UIDB. Management\nprovided inadequate instructions for this sophisticated new software. DSPP employees provided\ncontradictory answers or could not answer the question about access to the UIDB by other DSPP\nemployees, confirming their ignorance of the software\u2019s operational principles. Almost 30% of\ninterviewees did know it was possible to correct data entry errors in the UIDB. In addition, analysis\non the types of operations DSPP employees use the UIDB for indicates insufficient employee\nawareness on how to use the DSPP and the types of tasks it can perform. Most interviewees believe\nthat the basic UIDB goals are to control IDP payments and check whether IDP information accords\nwith information in other authorities\u2019 registers. Less than 30% of interviewees believe that the UIDB\nshould be used to collect data about an IDP\u2019s needs.\n\n\nConsidering the above, **the new UIDB software does not achieve the goal of streamlining the**\n**IDP accounting system.** The nature of the problems with the UIDB identified during the course of\nmonitoring clearly show that the database **will not function properly anytime in the near future.**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.9982922673225403, - "start": 36, - "end": 37 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP", - "confidence": 0.7359485626220703, - "start": 117, - "end": 118 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Advocacy, Protection and Legal Assistance to the IDP 10\n\n###### RECOMMENDATIONS:\n\n\n\n**The Verkhovna Rada of**\n**Ukraine and the Cabinet**\n**of Ministers of Ukraine** in a\n\nrevision of the draft Law of\nUkraine \u00abOn the State Budget\n\nof Ukraine for 2017\u00bb shall:\n\n\n**The Ministry of Social**\n**Policy of Ukraine shall:**\n\n\n**Local State Administrations**\n\n**and Self-Governing**\n\n**Authorities shall:**\n\n\n\n\n- provide funding for the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine to ensure that the UIDB is properly\nestablished, maintained and administrated;\n\n- increase funding for local state administrations and self-governing authorities so they may obtain\ncompatible equipment for Divisions of Social Protection for the Population to ensure that the UIDB\nfunctions properly.\n\n\n1. Urgently finalize the UIDB software so that it can function on the scale stipulated in the Procedure\nfor the Unified Information Database on Internally Displaced Persons establishment, maintenance\nand access approved by the Government Resolution dd. September 22, 2016, No. 646;\n\n\n2. Ensure proper UIDB functionality and that DSPPs across Ukraine can access the database;\n\n\n3. Ensure DSPP staff at all levels are trained on the UIDB and are provided with detailed instructions\non how to use the database, covering topics including:\n\n - how to enter IDP information;\n\n - what to do when the UIDB malfunctions;\n\n - training DSPP authorities on how to use and access the UIDB per the Procedure for the Unified\nInformation Database on Internally Displaced Persons establishment, maintenance and access\napproved by the Government Resolution dd. September 22, 2016, No. 646.\n\n\n4. Carry out permanent monitoring on whether the Divisions of Social Protection for the Population\nof the Local State Administrations comply with the Law of Ukraine \u00abOn the Rights and Freedoms of\nInternally Displaced Persons\u00bb and Resolution 646, particularly in regards to:\n\n - The competence of DSPF authorities to fulfil their duties concerning UIDB maintenance and\naccess;\n\n - grounds for cancelation of IDP Registration Certificates and how to enter data into the UIDB;\n\n - grounds for refusal to enter an IDP\u2019s data into the UIDB;\n\n - IDP personal data protection rights.\n\n\n1. Provide equipment to Divisions of Social Protection for the Population staff which meet the UIDB\u2019s\noperational requirements;\n\n\n2. Ensure a constant and reliable Internet connection at Divisions of Social Protection for the\nPopulation sufficient to operate the UIDB.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UIDB", - "confidence": 0.8898453712463379, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9938965439796448, - "start": 215, - "end": 216 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9049586057662964, - "start": 199, - "end": 200 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.9932069182395935, - "start": 181, - "end": 184 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 11\n\n##### APPENDIX\n\n\n\n**Full list of DSPPs visited**\n\n**Dnipropetrovsk region:**\n\n1. Department of Health and Social Policy in the Kamianka City\nCouncil\n\n2. DSPP in the Chechelivsky District, Dnipro\n\n3. DLSPP in the Pavlohrad City Council\n\n4. DLSPP in the Pavlohrad DSA\n\n5. DSPP in the Petropavlivsk District State Administration.\n\n6. DSPP in Pershotravensk\n\n7. DSPP in the Pokrovsk District State Administration\n\n8. DSPP in the Mezhova District State Administration\n\n9. DSPP in Ternivka\n\n10. DSPP in the Yuriyvka District State Administration\n\n11. DSPP in the Sofiyivka DSA\n\n12. DLSPP in the Executive Committee of Pokrov City Council\n\n13. DSPP in Dnipropetrovsk region\n\n14. DSPP in the Zhovtnevy district, Dnipro\n\n15. DSPP in Apostolove\n\n16. DSPP of Inhuletsk in Kryvyi Rih.\n\n\n**Donetsk region:**\n\n1. DSPP in the Central District in Mariupol\n\n2. DSPP in the Prymorsky District in Mariupol\n\n3. DSPP in the Kalmiusky District in Mariupol\n\n4. DSPP in the Livoberezhny District in Mariupol\n\n5. DSPP in the Manhushsk District State Administration\n\n6. DSPP in the Nikolsk District State Administration\n\n7. DSPP in the Volnovaha District State Administration\n\n8. DSPP in the Maryinska District State Administration\n\n9. DSPP in the Velyka Novosilka District State Administration\n\n10. DSPP in Vuhledar\n\n11. DSPP in the Sloviansk City Council;\n\n12. DSPP in the Lymansk City Council;\n\n13. DSPP in the Bahmutsk DSA;\n\n14. DSPP in the Military and Civil Administration in Avdiyivka;\n\n15. DSPP in the Myrnohrad City Council;\n\n16. DSPP in the Toretsk City Council;\n\n17. DSPP in the Konstiantynivsk DSA;\n\n18. DSPP in the Bahmutsk City Council;\n\n19. DSPP in the Sloviansk DSA;\n\n20. DSPP in the Konstiantynivsk City Council;\n\n21. DSPP in the Druzhkivka City Council;\n\n22. DSPP in the Selydivsk City Council;\n\n\n\n**Zaporizhzhia region:**\n\n1. DSPP in the Zaporizhzhia District State Administration\n\n2. DSPP in the Zaporizhzhya City Council in Shevchenkivsky\nDistrict\n\n3. DSPP in the Executive Committee of Berdyansk City Council\n\n4. DSPP in the Berdyansk District State Administration\n\n5. DSPP in the Melitopol City Council\n\n6. DSPP in the Melitopol District State Administration\n\n7. DSPP in the Prymorsk District State Administration\n\n8. DSPP in the Orikhiv District State Administration\n\n9. DSPP in the Pologiv District State Administration\n\n10. DSPP in the Pryazovske District State Administration\n\n11. DSPP in the Chernihiv District State Administration\n\n\n**Luhansk region:**\n\n1. DSPP in Starobilsk\n\n2. DSPP in Novopskov\n\n3. DSPP in Kreminna\n\n4. DSPP in Svatove\n\n5. DSPP in Bilokurakyne DSA\n\n6. DSPP in Troyitske DSA\n\n7. DSPP in Stanytsia Luhanska\n\n8. DSPP in Novoaidar\n\n9. DSPP in Severodonetsk\n\n10. DSPP in Rubizhne\n\n11. DSPP in Lysychansk\n\n\n**Kharkiv region:**\n\n1. DSPP in the Kholodnohirsky District in Kharkiv\n\n2. DSPP in the Novobavarsky District in Kharkiv\n\n3. DSPP in the Chuhuiv City Council\n\n4. DSPP in the Chuhuiv District Council\n\n5. DSPP in the Zmiiv District Council\n\n6. DSPP in the Nova Vodolaha District Council\n\n7. DSPP in the Pervomaisk City Council\n\n8. DSPP in the Izium City Council\n\n9. DSPP in the Borova District\n\n10. DSPP in the Bohodukhiv DSA\n\n11. DSPP in the Derhachi DSA\n\n12. DSPP in the Vovchansk District Council\n\n13. DSPP in the Dvorichna DSA\n\n14. DSPP in the Kupiansk City Council\n\n15. DSPP in the Kupiansk DSA\n\n\n\nThis publication has been produced with the assistance of the UN Refugee\nAgency (UNHCR). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility\nof \u00abRight to Protection\u00bb and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of UNHCR.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DSPP", - "confidence": 0.7853960394859314, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DSPP", - "confidence": 0.8655096888542175, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For more information\nplease contact: **pr@r2p.org.ua**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/45b330bf-acf7-337d-bf0d-7738eb3208f0/report_unified_information_database_of_idp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_925/raw/doc_925_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_925/raw/doc_925_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7118d98bb75fcfe65f7faa03ec4a93f1ba6dcf37..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_925/raw/doc_925_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Promoting solutions
\u2022 Intention survey
\u2022 Monitoring return
\u2022 Mapping local capacity
\u2022 Advocacy and capacity on standards
\u2022 Reconciliation and peacebuilding
\u2022 Community participation and engagement|Service delivery
\u2022 Food and nutrition ( production and markets)
\u2022 Health and education services
\u2022 Minimum assistance package
\u2022 Water and sanitation
\u2022 Shelter ( transitional and permanent)
\u2022 Protection and psychosocial services|\n|---|---|\n|**Security and institutional**
\u2022 Policy and legal framework (HLP, tripartite )
\u2022 Local LGA capacity mapping, reesablishment of
civilian authorities and mine action
\u2022 Law and order including informal justice system
\u2022 De-radicalization, DDR etc|**Economic recovery**
\u2022
Livelihood and skill acquisition programs
\u2022
Provide agriculture inputs
\u2022
Rehabilitation of local infrastructure
\u2022
Distribution of agricultural inputs|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/63b1aff8-1881-38ae-9bcc-9bded6c45a35/return_trends_and_solutions_strategy.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_926/raw/doc_926_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_926/raw/doc_926_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e318a592cd0bf662dff458fea27523e69e0e3214..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_926/raw/doc_926_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,452 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **ROMA IDP PROFILING - SERBIA** **Desk Review Report** **_Final version \u2013 May 2014_**\n\n\n\nDesk Review\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n**1.** **Preface**\n\n\nThe Roma occupy an unenviable place in Serbian society, as the most disadvantaged and\nmarginalized national minority. Key information, which is required to ensure that informed\nand targeted interventions provide protection, assistance and durable solutions, is severely\nlacking. While many surveys have been conducted, primarily _IDPs Needs Assessment_ (2011) [1],\nthey vary in quality, detail and type of information collected.\n\nAt the beginning of 2014 UNHCR Representation in Serbia agreed on the need to collect and\nanalyse Roma IDP-related information, in order to obtain a clearer picture of the situation of\nRoma IDPs in Serbia with special focus on recommendations for feasible durable solutions to\ntheir problems. The profiling exercise is intended as a part of UNHCR\u2019s Seeds for Solutions\ninitiative. The basic concept has been agreed to by the Programme and Protection Units.\n\n_**1.**_ **The context of displacement in Serbia**\n\n\n_**1.1**_ **General background of displacement:**\n\nAfter the NATO intervention in 1999, a large number of non-Albanians left Kosovo and\nsettled in other parts of Serbia. Unilateral independence declared by Kosovo nine years later,\ndid not contribute to the improvement of the situation of IDPs, but further increased\nuncertainty in terms of finding long-lasting solutions. Today, most of 97,000 IDPs in\ndisplacement related needs (as per _IDP Needs Assessment_ ) live in private accommodation,\nwhile 1,016 IDPs are accommodated in 14 collective centres (February 2014).\n\n\n_**1.2**_ **Overall Situation of Roma in Serbia:**\n\nAccording to the 2011 Population Census there are 147,604 Roma in Serbia, although Roma\nleaders continue insisting that the numbers are much larger (from 250,000 to 800,000), but\nare not reflected in the Census due to fear of many Roma of discrimination.\n\nRoma statistics indicate that 93% of Roma are amongst the poorest 40% of the population in\nSerbia; that 60.5% of the Roma live in extreme poverty; that, if employed, 85% work as\nskilled labourers and that 19% of Roma are illiterate and 70% are functionally illiterate. Near\nhalf of Roma have six or more family members. They also have a low level of education,\nbecause only 7% of Roma completed high school or more, while Roma children less attend\nprimary school (67.2%) and drastically less secondary school (16.8%). [2]\n\n\n1\nThe Republic Statistical Office (RSO) collected data for the UNHCR and the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees and\nMigrations (SCRM) in the period October - November 2010. The sample included 2,006 households and 8,335 individuals.\nThe aim of the research was to identify the main problems of IDPs, to identify the vulnerable groups among them and to\npoint out the courses of action for improving their position.\n2\n_Roma in Census_, RSO\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_IDPs Needs Assessment_", - "confidence": 0.6346067190170288, - "start": 65, - "end": 68 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.9785336852073669, - "start": 95, - "end": 96 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.8973862528800964, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5845582485198975, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6430045962333679, - "start": 119, - "end": 121 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "2011 Population Census", - "confidence": 0.9275895357131958, - "start": 320, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.5246995687484741, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9634221196174622, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.9812845587730408, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma", - "confidence": 0.5497789978981018, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Roma statistics", - "confidence": 0.8092907071113586, - "start": 370, - "end": 372 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Republic Statistical Office", - "confidence": 0.6214838624000549, - "start": 491, - "end": 494 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.5550389885902405, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma", - "confidence": 0.6080910563468933, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n_**1.3**_ **Geographic distribution:**\n\n\n_**1.4**_ **Roma IDPs in Serbia:**\n\nRoma IDPs are faced with double discrimination, i.e. on account of their ethnicity and\ndisplacement and are probably the last segment of the displaced population that will be able\nto access durable solutions if left competing with the total displaced population in Serbia.\nThe _IDPs Needs Assessment_ indicates that 74% of Roma IDPs in Serbia are with displacement\nrelated needs and without a durable solution.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n**2.** **Stakeholders**\n\nThe profiling will be conducted in close cooperation and coordination with other NGOs\nfocused on the implementation of the Roma National Strategy, as well as the survey expert\nfrom the University of Belgrade. The exercise planning will also be performed in cooperation\nwith the Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS).\n\n**3.** **Available information on targeted populations**\n\nUNHCR Serbia, as a first step, agreed on the need to conduct a full desk review of existing\ndata in order to take stock of information already available, to review the gaps that need\nparticular attention and later focus a separate profiling exercise on those areas. The desk\nreview and the actual profiling exercise are thus to be considered as complementary\nactivities.\n\nRelevant surveys and reports have been collected and analysed, enabling mapping out the\nexisting information and identification of gaps. While focus has been given in collecting\ndocuments produced in the last three years, a relevant National Strategy produced in 2009\nwas taken into consideration as well:\n\n**2013** : _Contribution to Social Inclusion and Combat against Discrimination of Marginalised_\n_Population in Serbia,_ PRAXIS\n[http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Contribution_to_Social_Inclusion_and_Combat_a](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Contribution_to_Social_Inclusion_and_Combat_against_Discrimination_of_Marginalised_Population_in_Serbia.pdf)\n[gainst_Discrimination_of_Marginalised_Population_in_Serbia.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Contribution_to_Social_Inclusion_and_Combat_against_Discrimination_of_Marginalised_Population_in_Serbia.pdf)\n\n**2013:** _Analysis of the Main Problems and Obstacles in Access of Roma to the Rights to Work_\n_and Employment,_ PRAXIS.\n[http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Analysis_of_the_Main_Pronlems_and_Obstacles](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Analysis_of_the_Main_Pronlems_and_Obstacles_in_Access_of_Roma_to_the_Rights_to_Work_and_Employment.pdf)\n[_in_Access_of_Roma_to_the_Rights_to_Work_and_Employment.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Analysis_of_the_Main_Pronlems_and_Obstacles_in_Access_of_Roma_to_the_Rights_to_Work_and_Employment.pdf)\n\n**2013** : _Access to Social Protection and Health Care for Vulnerable Groups in South Serbia_,\nPRAXIS\n[http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Social_Protection_and_Health_Care_f](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Social_Protection_and_Health_Care_for_Vulnerable_Groups_in_South_Serbia.pdf)\n[or_Vulnerable_Groups_in_South_Serbia.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Social_Protection_and_Health_Care_for_Vulnerable_Groups_in_South_Serbia.pdf)\n\n**2013:** _Analysis of the Main Obstacles and Problems in Access of Roma to the Right to_\n_Adequate Housing_, PRAXIS\n[http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Report_right_to_adequate_housing.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Report_right_to_adequate_housing.pdf)\n\n**2012:** _The Health Situation in Roma Communities, UNDP_\n[http://issuu.com/undp_in_europe_cis/docs/health_web](http://issuu.com/undp_in_europe_cis/docs/health_web)\n\n**2011:** _Analysis of the Main Problems and Obstacles in Access of Roma in Serbia to the Right_\n_to Education_ [, PRAXIS http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-problems-and-obstacles-in-access-of-roma-in-serbia-to-the-right-to-education.pdf)\n[problems-and-obstacles-in-access-of-roma-in-serbia-to-the-right-to-education.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-problems-and-obstacles-in-access-of-roma-in-serbia-to-the-right-to-education.pdf)\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys and reports", - "confidence": 0.7815491557121277, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.9166093468666077, - "start": 217, - "end": 218 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.598945677280426, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n**2011:** _Analysis of the Main Obstacles and Problems in Access of Roma to Rights to Health and_\n_Health Care_, PRAXIS [http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-rights-to-health-and-health-care.pdf)\n[obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-rights-to-health-and-health-care.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-rights-to-health-and-health-care.pdf)\n\n**2011** : _IDPs Needs Assessment_, SCRM/UNHCR\n[http://www.unhcr.rs/media/IDP_Needs_AssessmentENGLISH.pdf](http://www.unhcr.rs/media/IDP_Needs_AssessmentENGLISH.pdf)\n\n**2011:** _Access to Rights and Integration of Returnees on the Basis of the Readmission_\n_Agreements_, PRAXIS\n[http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Rights_and_Integration_of_Returnees](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Rights_and_Integration_of_Returnees_on_the_Basis_of_the_Readmission_Agreements.pdf)\n[_on_the_Basis_of_the_Readmission_Agreements.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/Access_to_Rights_and_Integration_of_Returnees_on_the_Basis_of_the_Readmission_Agreements.pdf)\n\n## 2011 : Analysis of the Main Obstacles and Problems in Access of Roma to the Right to Social\n\n_Protection_, PRAXIS [http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-the-right-to-social-protection.pdf)\n[obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-the-right-to-social-protection.pdf](http://praxis.rs/images/praxis_downloads/praxis-analysis-of-the-main-obstacles-and-problems-in-access-of-roma-to-the-right-to-social-protection.pdf)\n\n**2010:** _Serbia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey,_ UNICEF\n[http://www.childinfo.org/files/MICS4_Serbia_FinalReport_Eng.pdf](http://www.childinfo.org/files/MICS4_Serbia_FinalReport_Eng.pdf)\n\n**2010** : _Romi u popisu [Roma in Census]_, RSO http://media.popis2011.stat.rs/2011/07/Romi-upopisu.pdf (Only in Serbian)\n\n\n**2009:** _Strategy for Improvement of the Status of Roma in the Republic of Serbia_, Government\n[of Serbia http://www.inkluzija.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Strategija-EN-web-](http://www.inkluzija.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Strategija-EN-web-FINAL.pdf)\n[FINAL.pdf](http://www.inkluzija.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Strategija-EN-web-FINAL.pdf)\n\n\n_**3.1**_ _**Information about IDPs**_\n\n_Demographic information_ : According to the SCRM/UNHCR _IDP Needs Assessment_, there are\n97,286 IDPs in displacement related needs. Roma make up 17.1% of households in need, or\n16,639 individuals. The ethnic distribution by region shows the different directions of the\nsettlement of Roma IDPs. In Vojvodina, 45.3% of IDPs are Roma, while their umber in the\nmost populated region of western Serbia and Sumadija is smallest, amounting to only 7.1%.\nThis may be explained by a greater potential for traditional activities in areas such as Novi\nSad, where 27.4% of Roma have settled, Belgrade (28.7%) and Zrenjanin (9.1%). An average\nRoma IDP household has 5.21 members.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n_Location and residence information_ : Serbia has nearly 780 Roma settlements; 170 of these\nsettlements are located in Belgrade. The majority of settlements are clearly inhabited by a\nmixed caseload: Roma returnees from the EU, Roma IDPs from Kosovo and local Roma. All\nsettlements are easily accessible in terms of security conditions, restrictions and\nremoteness.\n\n\nIt is important to stress that the majority of Roma settlements is actually a slum (favela),\nofficially classified as an \u201cunhygienic settlement\u201d, without communal infrastructure (roads,\nrunning water, sewage, electricity). Living conditions are appalling and below any acceptable\nstandards. Houses are mostly made from cardboard or other non-building materials, like\nplywood or nylon bags, between the piles of garbage and feces-infested ponds of dirty\nwater.\n\n\n_Displacement patterns:_ Most IDPs from Kosovo settled in central and southern Serbia, while\na small number, mostly Roma, went to Vojvodina. There were several migratory waves. An\naverage IDP household moved three more times after the displacement from Kosovo. The\nsecond wave of migration took place mainly from smaller to larger towns. Population\nmovement is a common and often \u201cnormal\u201d feature of Roma.\n\n_Access to basic services_ : Information on presence and access to basic services is often\navailable. Information on type of food usually consumed, type of shelter, access to water\nand sanitation, to education and health services is provided by various surveys, but\nsometimes on general terms.\n\n_Livelihoods and coping mechanisms:_ Quite general information is available on type of coping\nmechanisms, similar for almost all Roma: mainly casual labour, petty trade, garbage\ncollection, sometimes begging. Other type of information, such as type and level of\nexpenditures, wealth/poverty indicators, are scarce.\n\n_Protection issues_ : Many available reports from local NGO indicate various protection risks:\nSGBV, child labour, eviction threats, discrimination against minorities and others, indicating\nthe need for deeper analysis.\n\n**4.** **Information analysis**\n\nAnalysing available information contributed to clearly point out how complex and diversified\nthe displacement situation is and specifically to identify/visualize main gaps.\n\n\n_**4.1**_ _**Analysis of gaps in information**_\n\n\n - The biggest information gaps relate to the Roma IDPs\u2019 intentions for the durable\n\nsolutions on the local/municipal level.\n\n - A deeper analysis would be beneficial in terms of understanding which coping\n\nmechanisms were put in place by the displaced and if an actual integration has really\noccurred.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n - Lack of information that describes individual, household and community\n\ncharacteristics and circumstances.\n\n - While the _IDPs Needs Assessment_ has identified that Roma are more vulnerable than\n\nthe rest of the displaced, it has not identified the specific protection concerns that\nthe Roma IDPs are faced with in Serbia and their specific needs.\n\n - There are no available data on unemployment rate among the Roma population. The\n\nonly available data is that of unemployed Roma citizens who are registered with the\nNational Employment Service.\n\n - Limited accurate estimates on the total number of people living in a specific\n\nsettlement/location, and specifically limited disaggregated estimates on the number\nof Roma IDPs compared to other vulnerable groups sharing the same location (locals,\nRoma non-IDPs, returnees from EU).\n\n - Lack of disaggregated data per age and gender.\n\n - Limited information on protection risks and related analysis. Specifically,\n\nage/gender/diversity analysis has been quite limited.\n\n - Lack of information on the area where the Roma IDP settlements are located and lack\n\nof integrated analysis which could allow understanding the location-related impact\non the risk level.\n\n - Limited analysis has been so far conducted trying to understand how protracted\n\nRoma IDPs do cope with the situation compared to newly displaced (returnees from\nEU).\n\n - No specific information was provided on multiple displacement patterns (for\n\nexample: Kosovo > Serbia > EU > Serbia or several forced evictions within Serbia) .\n\n**5.** **Conclusion**\n\n\n_**5.1**_ _**Decision for profiling**_\n\nThe IDP profiling is first of all a protection tool. The primary goal of the profiling is to\nproduce a comprehensive analytical report on the social profile of Roma IDPs in several\nmunicipalities in Serbia, disaggregated by age and gender and their locations, as well as a\ncomprehensive overview of their specific protection concerns, needs and possible durable\nsolutions.\n\n\nThe specific objectives are the following:\n\n - Improving the knowledge on the extent and pattern of displacement in Serbia,\n\nunderstanding the different levels and situations of displacement.\n\n - Updating current and establishing new baseline information, crucial for UNHCR\u2019s\n\nplanning and assistance purposes.\n\n - Increasing the scope of available and relevant information.\n\n - Contributing to the design and piloting of durable solutions programmes.\n\nSpecifically, the Serbia IDP profiling initiative aims at gaining a better understanding over the\nfollowing issues:\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_IDPs Needs Assessment_", - "confidence": 0.9740947484970093, - "start": 20, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.6580917835235596, - "start": 53, - "end": 54 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8181443214416504, - "start": 47, - "end": 49 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP profiling", - "confidence": 0.8053922653198242, - "start": 294, - "end": 296 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5710330605506897, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9897515773773193, - "start": 218, - "end": 220 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\n - Pattern of displacement.\n\n - Main protection risks.\n\n - Living conditions of the Roma IDP community and their interactions with the\nhosting community.\n\n - Available and feasible options for durable solutions.\n\n - Roma IDPs community dynamics and better targeting of shelter and selfreliance assistance.\n\n - Locally available capacity to protect and assist.\n\nThe results of the research will be used for developing and adjusting Government policies on\nRoma IDPs, as a specific segment of the IDP population in Serbia and as an instrument of\nadvocacy for improving protection and assistance interventions, finding a durable solution\nfor them and tailoring assistance projects to the identified specific needs of this segment of\nthe IDPs.\n\n\nDue to its marginalized position the Roma IDPs represent the last segment of the IDP\npopulation that would benefit from a comprehensive Government program for achieving\ndurable solutions. The results of the Profiling will focus on the specific needs/solutions of the\nRoma IDPs and will be concretely inserted into the Government plans for developing a\ndurable solutions policy for IDPs. Due to the extremely limited funding capacities of the\nGovernment, UNHCR will assist the Government in approaching the international donor\ncommunity seeking funds for concrete projects benefiting IDPs, whereas the results of the\nProfiling will provide a basis for projects/programs that are tailored to the specific needs of\nRoma IDPs which will be used in seeking funding for these needs. The final impact will be a\nlarger focus on the marginalized Roma IDPs and concrete durable solutions for them.\n\n\n_**5.2**_ _**Profiling methodology**_\n\nThe exercise will take approximately 6 months (June 2014 \u2013 November 2014), subject to\ncoordination and operational delays. The Profiling should be conducted on a representative\nsample of 800 Roma IDPs throughout Serbia (without Kosovo) at the household and\nindividual levels and on representative sample of 400 local Roma (control group). The data\nwill be collected in face to face interviews in 10 municipalities/towns throughout Serbia that\nhave high concentration of Roma IDPs population: Beograd, Novi Sad, Subotica, Zrenjanin,\nPozarevac, Bor, Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Prokuplje and Vranje.Roma interviewers will be\nincluded in the interviewing process and a system of control will be established. The data on\nlocal Roma will be collected in the same 3-5 municipalities/towns.\nThe profiling should be complemented by 6 focus group discussions conducted in 3 cities\nwith different levels of economic development and structure of economy and different\ncultural backgrounds. Three FGDs will be organized with local Roma IDPs and 3 with \u2018old\nsettled\u2019 local Roma.\n\nDuring the field profiling exercise, specific attention will be given in gathering as accurate as\npossible data on IDPs, disaggregated per age and gender. At the same time, an important\nconclusion of the discussion within UNHCR Serbia is that the Roma IDP profiling needs to go\nbeyond counting, beyond numbers, trying to tackle and analyse Roma IDP existing\nvulnerabilities and future intentions, which will be targeted by survey instrument and\nenriched through focus group discussions.\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "research", - "confidence": 0.5879057049751282, - "start": 64, - "end": 65 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.9593210220336914, - "start": 87, - "end": 88 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9497184157371521, - "start": 38, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Profiling", - "confidence": 0.8831664323806763, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Serbia", - "confidence": 0.9042606353759766, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9679387211799622, - "start": 167, - "end": 169 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.510237455368042, - "start": 461, - "end": 462 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "local Roma", - "confidence": 0.5340876579284668, - "start": 342, - "end": 344 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Desk Review\n\n\nThe profiling should help to understand, amongst other, which are the main protection risks\nRoma IDPs face, which groups (age/gender/diversity) are more exposed/vulnerable, what\nare their existing coping mechanisms and what are their options and wishes for the longertem durable solution. In doing so, the profiling will avoid general considerations and will go\ndeeper into the root causes of their vulnerabilities.\n\nThe level of access is the main element in any assessment. It goes beyond the physical\naccess, it means gaining enough trust and confidence enabling discussion on a deeper level.\nThe amount of mistrust and fear associated with any form of registration among the Roma\npopulation should not be underestimated. The entry point to any settlement is represented\nby persons who have already established good relations with the Roma IDP community,\nusually because they are already working inside the settlements, they are respected and\nhave established a certain level of trust. For that purpose, UNHCR will engage Romanispeaking surveyors. In addition, it will facilitate gathering of information from Roma who\ndon\u2019t speak Serbian.\n\nRelevant data will be collected by using standardized questionnaire containing dimensions\nand indicators needed for valid conclusions about the problem under concern. In\npreparation of the questionnaire previous researches on this topic should be taken into\naccount. The final version of the questionnaire has to be produced in close cooperation with\nUNHCR and external experts. Besides that, a FGD guide will be used to organize discussions\nwith Roma IDP families and other Roma families on their coping mechanisms.\n\n\nThe analytical report should achieve the following objectives:\n\n\n1. To determine the social profile of Roma IDPs.\n\n\n2. To identify their needs and protection concerns.\n\n\n3. To establish the multi-dimensionality of their problems and needs and specific\n\ncombinations of exclusion factors.\n\n\n4. Focusing on 10 municipalities/cities densely populated with Roma IDPs, UNHCR may\n\nobtain detailed information which will help develop specific solutions in cooperation\nwith NGOs and Roma experts/representatives, thus ensuring participatory approach.\n\n\n5. To specify the courses of action for improving their position through sustainable durable\n\nsolutions tailored to their tradition and needs. It will help UNHCR and its Partners to\ndevelop/pilot solutions which can serve as examples of best practice for the Government\nand development actors, based on its experience with refugees and IDPs.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "standardized questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.9453080892562866, - "start": 211, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6648103594779968, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8256462216377258, - "start": 180, - "end": 181 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDP community", - "confidence": 0.6052882075309753, - "start": 150, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "the social profile of Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7254267334938049, - "start": 300, - "end": 306 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9602346420288086, - "start": 349, - "end": 350 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Roma IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7383652925491333, - "start": 346, - "end": 348 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a0e49fd2-65c2-3590-8da0-61458ac5d0d9/romaidps_desk_review_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_927/raw/doc_927_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_927/raw/doc_927_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index cdd42e9852c8fbd3a8cf083b078e5d7a69ed7d05..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_927/raw/doc_927_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "Author: Yotam Gidron (Postdoctoral Fellow, KU Leuven, and RSC Research Associate)\n\n## Key points\n\n- Refugees in Uganda predominantly reside in rural settlements, but they are free to move within the\ncountry and engage in income-generating activities. Given the limited availability of farmland and\nlivelihood opportunities within settlements and the gradual reductions in the humanitarian aid provided\nto refugees, freedom of movement can play an important role in their economic lives.\n\n- To evaluate how freedom of movement contributes to the livelihoods of settlement-based refugees in\nUganda, the Refugee Economies Programme conducted mixed-method research among South Sudanese\nand Congolese refugees in two refugee settlements in Uganda\u2019s borderlands: Pagirinya and Kyangwali.\n\n- Across communities and sites, movement between settlements and urban areas is uncommon and very\nrarely undertaken in order to engage in income-generating activities. Trips to urban areas are mostly\nundertaken to access health or education services. In some cases, refugees are more likely to undertake\ntrips to their country of origin than to urban areas in Uganda.\n\n- Short-distance, daily movements around the settlements are common, with most refugees reporting\nleaving the settlement several times in the past month. However, such movements are undertaken almost\nexclusively in order to exploit resources such as vegetation and land, engage in low-paying and irregular\ncasual labour, and, to a more limited extent, engage in small-scale, informal trade.\n\n- Settlement-based refugees mostly move in order to survive under conditions of extreme precarity.\nMaintaining humanitarian aid while providing sustained and tangible support to agricultural and off-farm\nenterprises that target customers and markets outside the settlements are essential for promoting more\nsustainable and dignified livelihoods for refugees.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n## Refugee mobilities\n\nThe \u2018secondary\u2019 movements of refugees in the Global\nSouth \u2013 that is, movements that are undertaken\nafter an initial flight, within countries of asylum or\ninternationally \u2013 are often portrayed in policy and\npolitical discourse in rather negative terms. Policies\nof encampment and control, for instance, have long\nbeen justified by framing the movements of refugees\nas a cause for potential disorder and criminality.\nA growing body of research, countering such\nassumptions, emphasises the positive dimensions of\nmobility and its contribution to the socio-economic\nlives of refugees. Freedom of movement may allow\nrefugees, for example, to access markets, find\nemployment opportunities, connect with relatives,\naccess and maintain informal networks of communal\nsupport, and engage with host communities. In other\nwords, mobility can contribute to the integration of\nrefugees, promote their wellbeing, and help them to\nprogress and lead dignified lives in exile.\n\n\nMuch of the research on the mobilities of refugees\nfocuses on urban sites, entrepreneurship, and\nrefugees who engage in mobile livelihood strategies\nsuch as commerce. Urban centres often attract\nskilled refugees with higher social capital, wider\nnetworks of support, or access to remittances \u2013 that\nis, refugees who have resources that allow them to\nleverage their freedom of movement. Yet, across\nEast Africa, most refugees continue to reside and\nreceive humanitarian support primarily in designated\ncamps or settlements in undeveloped, peripheral\nareas. Such refugees may be too poor to relocate to\nurban centres or engage in capital-intensive mobile\nlivelihoods, and therefore, rarely exemplify the sort\nof lifestyles celebrated in the scholarship or by\ndevelopment agencies. It is therefore pertinent to\nask whether freedom of movement supports their\nlivelihoods, and if so, in what ways.\n## Mobility and refugee support in Uganda\n\nAs of October 2024, Uganda hosted more than 1.7\nmillion refugees, including some 963,000 South\nSudanese and 545,000 Congolese. Most of these\n\n\n\nrefugees reside in the northern and western parts\nof the country in \u2018settlements\u2019, where they are\nprovided with small plots of land and have access to\nhumanitarian aid, primarily in the form of monthly\ncash rations. Approaches to refugee rights and\nmobility have been more restrictive in the past,\nbut under Uganda\u2019s 2006 Refugee Act, refugees\nenjoy freedom of movement and the right to\nengage in income-generating activities. They are\nallowed to reside in urban areas, but humanitarian\naid is provided almost exclusively to those living\nin settlements. Those who decide to \u2018self-settle\u2019\nforgo humanitarian assistance unless they register\nthemselves in a settlement, informally leave it, and\ntravel back regularly in order to \u2018verify\u2019 their presence.\n\n\nAmong donors and humanitarian agencies, Uganda\nhas long been celebrated as a \u2018model\u2019 of refugee\nhospitality, due to its generous, progressive policies\nand its commitment to promoting the \u2018self-reliance\u2019\nof refugees. The impact of its settlement-focused\napproach to refugee reception and support has\nnonetheless been debated. Some have criticised the\nemphasis on rural settlements as inconsistent with\ninternational human rights law and with efforts to\npromote genuine integration of refugees, calling for\ngreater emphasis on \u2018out-of-camp\u2019 solutions. Others\nhave argued that Uganda\u2019s assistance model and\nregulatory framework nonetheless allow at least\nsome refugees to be more mobile and earn higher\nincomes. Whether or not they support the use of\nsettlements in principle, researchers and practitioners\ngenerally agree that, in practice, promoting the \u2018selfreliance\u2019 of settlement-based refugees, with limited\naccess to land and in impoverished rural areas, has\nlong been a challenge.\n\n\nAs the South Sudanese and Congolese displacement\ncrises have become protracted, international funding\nfor Uganda\u2019s refugee response has gradually\ndecreased, and the challenge of \u2018self-reliance\u2019 has\nbecome increasingly pressing. As of mid-2024, 17%\nof the Uganda Country Refugee Response Plan was\nfunded. The cash rations provided to settlement\nrefugees have gradually been reduced since 2020,\nand refugees are now expected to pay for most\nservices in the settlements, including the \u2018free\u2019\nprimary education. Humanitarian agencies report\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\nthat lack of funding and support has already led to\na rise in malnutrition, suicide, child labour, school\ndropouts, domestic violence, and transactional sex\nin the settlements, as well as to a decrease in access\nto water and latrine coverage and shortages of\nmedical supplies [1] . The daily mobilities of refugees\noffer another prism through which to explore the\nconsequences of the withdrawal of aid, and some of\nthe structural limitations of Uganda\u2019s \u2018self-reliance\u2019\napproach.\n## Case studies and methodology\n\nResearch was conducted in two refugee settlements\nin Uganda between March 2022 and August 2023:\nKyangwali, in western Uganda, and Pagirinya, in\nthe north. Kyangwali hosts more than 120,000\nrefugees from eastern Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (DRC), alongside small populations of\nother nationalities. Most Congolese come from Ituri\nProvince, on the other side of Lake Albert, and have\nfled to Uganda since 2017. Others come from North\nKivu Province and have spent longer in Uganda.\nPagirinya settlement is located in Adjumani District,\nnear the South Sudanese border. Established in\n2016, it is Adjumani\u2019s second-largest settlement,\nwith a population of about 37,000 refugees. Most\nrefugees are Ma\u2019di speakers from South Sudan\u2019s\nEastern Equatoria State, located across the border.\nThe second-largest group is Nuer, most of whom\noriginate in Unity State, in the northern part of South\nSudan.\n\n\nThe qualitative part of the research involved group\ndiscussions and in-depth interviews with refugees of\ndifferent backgrounds. In Pagirinya, we conducted\nthree focus group discussions with 14 refugees\nand individual interviews with 24 refugees. In\nKyangwali and surrounding villages, we conducted\nthree focus group discussions with 14 refugees and\nindividual interviews with 23 refugees. Based on the\nqualitative data, we developed a mobility survey.\nWe randomly selected households from Ituri and\nNorth Kivu (in Kyangwali) and from Eastern Equatoria\nand Unity State (in Pagirinya) to participate and\nprovide information about the movements of all\n\n\n\nadult household members. The survey sampled\n224 households (112 in each settlement, 56 of each\nregion of origin) and recorded the mobilities of 645\nrefugees. The surveys were administered by refugee\nenumerators with the support of two refugee-led\norganisations: the Youth Empowerment Foundation\n(YEF), in Pagirinya, and COBURWAS International\nYouth Organization to Transform Africa (CIYOTA), in\nKyangwali.\n\n\nFigure 1. A map of Uganda with key cities and the\nresearch sites.\n## Key mobility patterns\n\nAs part of our survey, refugees were asked about\nthe number of times they had left the settlement\nover the past three years in order to visit Kampala\n(Uganda\u2019s capital city), one major secondary city\nlocated in relative proximity to their settlement, and\ntheir country of origin. They were also asked about\nthe number of times they had left the settlement\nover the past month to move anywhere within\nthe district of their settlement or a neighbouring\none. Across all groups, trips to urban centres were\nrare, and hardly ever linked to income-generating\nactivities. Rather, refugees travelled to urban areas\nmostly to access health and education services.\nShort-distance movements around the settlements\nto nearby forests and villages, on the other hand,\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "mobility survey", - "confidence": 0.9903364181518555, - "start": 340, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6078946590423584, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "refugee\nenumerators", - "confidence": 0.8839108943939209, - "start": 412, - "end": 414 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ituri and\nNorth Kivu", - "confidence": 0.6627219319343567, - "start": 348, - "end": 352 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.8207234144210815, - "start": 301, - "end": 302 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5895644426345825, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9266753196716309, - "start": 472, - "end": 473 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.7774316072463989, - "start": 454, - "end": 455 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7883434295654297, - "start": 612, - "end": 613 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9972357153892517, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\nwere extremely common, and more obviously linked\nto the livelihoods of refugees and their day-to-day\nsurvival.\n\n\nFigure 2. Percentage of refugees who visited\nKampala, Gulu or Hoima, and their country of\norigin (South Sudan or the DRC) over the past\nthree years, by area of origin.\n\n\nMovement to urban areas\n\nAbout 7-8% of adult South Sudanese refugees\nreported visiting Kampala over the past three\nyears. Among Congolese, the rate was 0.7% among\nrefugees from Ituri (a single person within the\nsample) and 13% among refugees from North Kivu.\nNonetheless, even the few who did visit Kampala\ndid so, on average, less than twice over the course\nof this period, Congolese from North Kivu being the\nexception with a slightly higher average of 2.6 trips.\nThe most common reasons for travelling to Kampala\nwere accessing medical treatment, attending to a sick\nrelative (among Congolese), or accessing education\n(among South Sudanese). Refugees from North\nKivu, who travelled to Kampala at higher rates and\nslightly more often, tend to be more established in\nUganda. They have spent longer in the country, have\nwider networks, and are more commonly resettled to\nthird countries, a process which also entails trips to\nKampala.\n\n\nTwo secondary cities were selected for the survey:\nGulu, for South Sudanese, at a distance of 90km from\nPagirinya, and Hoima, for Congolese, at a distance\nof 90km from Kyangwali. Like Kampala, both Gulu\nand Hoima host large numbers of South Sudanese\nand Congolese respectively. Nonetheless, movement\n\n\n\nbetween the settlements and these cities, though\nslightly more common than movement to Kampala,\nwas also rare. While the percentage of refugees\nwho visited such cities varied, those refugees who\ntravelled to Gulu or Hoima did so, on average, around\n1.6-1.9 times over the course of three years, across\nall groups. Both South Sudanese and Congolese\ntravelled to Gulu and Hoima predominantly for\nmedical reasons such as attending to a sick relative\nor accessing medical treatment themselves. Among\nSouth Sudanese, visiting relatives and attending\nfunerals and marriages were also common reasons\nfor going to Gulu.\n\n\nCross-border movement\n\nIn recent years, there has been a growing policy\ninterest in borderland economies in the East African\nregion and in the opportunities these economies\nmay offer to borderland populations. Both Pagirinya\nand Kyangwali are situated in close proximity to\nUganda\u2019s borders with South Sudan and the DRC,\nand we therefore sought to explore the extent to\nwhich refugees engage in cross-border livelihoods.\nOur survey indicates that patterns of cross-border\nmovement differ considerably between South\nSudanese and Congolese. Nonetheless, even among\nthe most mobile group, South Sudanese from\nEastern Equatoria, refugees who reported travelling\nacross the border did so, on average, less than\nthree times in three years. Among other groups, the\naverage number of cross-border trips was 1-1.5 over\nthree years. The most common reasons for visiting\nSouth Sudan were visiting family and attending\nfunerals for refugees from Eastern Equatoria and\nvisiting family and seeking medical treatment for\nrefugees from Unity State. Among Congolese,\nrefugees from Ituri mostly travelled across the border\nto attend funerals, while refugees from North Kivu,\nwhere very few such trips were reported, travelled to\nvisit family members.\n\n\nMovement around the settlements\n\nIn the survey, refugees were also asked about their\ntrips over the past month within the district of their\nsettlement or a neighbouring district. In Pagirinya,\nthis referred to trips within Adjumani and Amuru\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Figure 2", - "confidence": 0.6595928072929382, - "start": 24, - "end": 26 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5190436244010925, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9294205904006958, - "start": 250, - "end": 251 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Gulu", - "confidence": 0.8216420412063599, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "South Sudanese", - "confidence": 0.7936418652534485, - "start": 184, - "end": 186 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9238819479942322, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "patterns of cross-border\nmovement", - "confidence": 0.5880401730537415, - "start": 484, - "end": 488 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5774973034858704, - "start": 481, - "end": 482 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.964387834072113, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9141258001327515, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.771458625793457, - "start": 623, - "end": 624 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "North Kivu", - "confidence": 0.9270169734954834, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8511488437652588, - "start": 665, - "end": 666 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.995899498462677, - "start": 625, - "end": 626 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\ndistricts. In Kyangwali, it referred to trips within\nKikuube and Kagadi districts. In both cases, the\ndistricts in question include forests or \u2018bush\u2019 areas,\nagricultural land, host community villages, as well as\nsmall commercial centres with markets, schools, and\nclinics. About 80% of the South Sudanese in Pagirinya\nand 75% (Ituri) and 57% (North Kivu) of the Congolese\nin Kyangwali reported leaving the settlement at least\nonce over the past month to go anywhere within\nthe district or a neighbouring one. Many undertook\nsuch trips on a regular basis. South Sudanese moved\nalmost 10 times per month on average, while among\nCongolese from Ituri and North Kivu short-distance\ntrips out of the settlement were undertaken about 8\nand 5 times per month respectively.\n\n\nFigure 3. Percentage of refugees who left the\nsettlement to go anywhere within Adjumani and\nAmuru (among South Sudanese) or Kikuube and\nKagadi (among Congolese), by area of origin.\n\n\nThe costs of mobility\n\nSettlements are not fenced and they are typically\nconnected by public transport to nearby urban\ncentres. Within Pagirinya, for example, there is\na \u2018stage\u2019 where vehicles leave for Adjumani and\nElegu (on the South Sudan border) when full. From\nKyangwali, it is possible to find transport to Hoima and\nKampala. Boda-boda motorcycle taxis also operate\nin and around the settlements and facilitate shortdistance movements. Moreover, while the Refugee\nAct does leave room for the authorities to introduce\nrestrictions on the freedom of movement of refugees,\nin practice, refugees are not required to secure\npermits in order to move out of the settlements.\nAttitudes towards movement across the border into\nrefugees\u2019 countries of origin are more ambiguous, as\n\n\n\nthis movement is often interpreted as inconsistent\nwith international refugee law. Border officials are\nfully aware that this kind of movement takes place,\nbut they generally tolerate it, while refugees typically\navoid identifying as such at border points.\n\n\nMovement is often restricted by its monetary costs,\nrather than by Uganda\u2019s regulatory framework. As\nin other parts of East Africa, refugees in Uganda\nhave faced severe economic shocks in recent years,\nwhich have been compounded by reductions in the\namounts of humanitarian aid they receive. At the time\nof research, refugees in Pagirinya received 19,000\nUgandan Shillings (UGX) (USD 5.13) per person every\nmonth, while refugees in Kyangwali received UGX\n13,000 (USD 3.51) [2] . Trips to urban areas or across\nthe border are too expensive for most refugees to\nafford. A one-way ticket from Kyangwali to Hoima\non public transport cost UGX 20,000 (USD 5.40),\nwhile travelling all the way to Kampala cost UGX\n40,000 (USD 10.81). Prices of transport between\nPagirinya, Gulu, and Kampala were similar. Short trips\noutside the settlements, on the other hand, are time\nconsuming but less \u2018capital intensive\u2019, as refugees can\nwalk, or, less commonly, use a motorcycle taxi.\n## Mobility and survival\n\nWhile all movement in and out of the settlement may\nbe economically significant in some way or another,\nour survey suggests that the most common ways\nin which mobility directly contributes to income\ngeneration among refugees are by allowing them\nto access natural resources (namely, land and\nvegetation), engage in casual labour, and, to a more\nlimited extent, trade. Such activities are not equally\npractised across communities, because the daily\nmovements and livelihoods of refugees are shaped by\nmultiple factors that may vary significantly between\ncontexts. These include the pre-displacement\npractices of refugees, their networks in Uganda or\ncapacity to build them, the opportunities or resources\navailable in hosting regions, and the assistance\navailable within the settlements. Moreover, some\nactivities, such as collecting firewood or petty\ntrade, are strongly associated with women, and are\ntherefore less commonly undertaken by men.\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9040226340293884, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.6795296669006348, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.9038752913475037, - "start": 689, - "end": 690 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5425493121147156, - "start": 748, - "end": 749 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9818021655082703, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\nFigure 4. Number of trips out of the settlement undertaken by refugees\nover the past month, for different reasons, by area of origin. \u2018Medical\ntreatment\u2019 includes movement by the respondent to support a sick\nrelative. \u2018Family visits or events\u2019 includes funerals and marriages.\n\n\n\nEconomic precarity, however, plays an important\nrole in shaping mobility (and immobility) patterns.\nAcross all communities, daily movements around the\nsettlements were more common among refugees\nof lower economic status. In Pagirinya, for example,\nand especially among Nuer refugees, access to\nremittances from relatives working in South Sudan\nplays an important role in economic stratification. In\nour survey, members of those Nuer households who\nhad received USD 500 or more in remittances over\nthe past year reported leaving the settlement only 4.5\ntimes in the last month on average \u2013 less than half of\nthe general average among Nuer household. Many of\nthe refugees from North Kivu in Kyangwali settlement\nhave been in Uganda for decades and tend to have\nmore assets and greater access to land. In our survey,\nthey reported fewer daily movements compared to\nrefugees from Ituri, most of whom have little to no\naccess to farmland and few assets in Uganda.\n\n\nVegetation\n\nCollecting dry grass and firewood is a common\nreason for daily movements, especially among\nwomen. Among Nuer refugees in Pagirinya, this was\nalmost the only reason reported for ever leaving\nthe settlement, alongside a few shopping trips. Dry\ngrass, firewood, and wooden poles are used for the\nconstruction of shelter or as a source of energy.\n\n\n\nThey can be sold in bundles or used at home, as\nthe humanitarian support refugees receive does\nnot include alternative sources of energy. If not\nused at home, the income generated by selling\nbundles of firewood and grass can be UGX 3,0008,000 (USD 0.81-2.16) per day. However, the reliance\nof refugees on such natural resources and the\nresulting environmental degradation around refugee\nsettlements are usually a significant cause for\ntensions between refugees and hosts and this activity\nis therefore sometimes limited by the authorities. In\nKyangwali, rapid loss of vegetation has been a major\nconcern, and refugees are only allowed to venture into\nthe forest in search of firewood once a week.\n\n\nFarming\n\nAgriculture has long been central to Uganda\u2019s \u2018selfreliance\u2019 approach, but refugees today rarely have\naccess to sufficient farmland within the settlements to\nsubsist on cultivation. Land has to be rented outside\nthe settlements, from Ugandans. This is a common\npractice among refugees in Pagirinya, though less\nso in Kyangwali, which is located in a more densely\npopulated area. However, since refugees typically\ncultivate for self-consumption, they often struggle to\nfind the cash to retain rented plots, and investment\nin high-quality agricultural inputs is rare. This is\nparticularly problematic when erratic rains and\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9005002975463867, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7641218900680542, - "start": 127, - "end": 128 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Nuer households", - "confidence": 0.9677258729934692, - "start": 132, - "end": 134 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9235677719116211, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8115641474723816, - "start": 204, - "end": 205 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5127202868461609, - "start": 177, - "end": 178 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\ndry spells \u2013 as experienced throughout 2022 and\nearly 2023 \u2013 result in poor harvests. Several South\nSudanese interviewees explained that they used to\nrent farmland but could not afford to continue doing\nso as their savings depleted or external support\ndecreased. It is only those refugees with wider local\nnetworks, often based on shared \u2018ethnic\u2019 identity and\nlanguage with hosts, that are able to access land for\nfree or in exchange for a share of the produce at the\nend of the season.\n\n\nCasual labour\n\nEngaging in casual labour is a common reason for\nmoving out of the settlement in Kyangwali but is rare\namong South Sudanese. South Sudanese often prefer\nto cross the border to seek casual labour in Juba,\nwhere daily payments can be higher. In Kyangwali,\nrefugees cultivate for Ugandans in villages around\nthe settlement, an activity that usually earns them\nUGX 3,000-10,000 (USD 0.81-2.70) per day. Labour\ndemands fluctuate between seasons and depend\non rainfall, and refugees who engage in casual\nlabour compete with the poorest members of host\ncommunities, a competition that draws wages down\nto the detriment of both. Given Kyangwali\u2019s proximity\nto Lake Albert, casual labour in artisanal fishing has\nlong been common among refugees from Ituri, many\nof whom come from fishing villages on the other side\nof the lake. Due to the overexploitation of fish stocks,\n\n\n\nhowever, the Ugandan government has introduced\nrestrictions on fishing, and refugees have increasingly\nfound themselves suffering losses due to harassment\nby soldiers and the confiscation of their equipment.\n\n\nPetty trade\n\nAlthough not dominant in our survey statistics, one\nof the most common income-generating activities\namong refugees is small-scale arbitrage trade, which\nentails buying goods in one location and selling them\nin another, typically within the settlement. This kind\nof trade, particularly in food items, is predominantly\npractised by women. Among humanitarian agencies\nit is often celebrated as a form of \u2018entrepreneurship\u2019,\nand refugees are encouraged to join saving\nassociations and take out interest-bearing loans to\nengage in it. As a livelihood strategy, however, it is\nremarkably precarious and vulnerable to shocks, and\nrarely enables any form of accumulation or stability.\nTraders make tiny margins, not least because they\ncompete with dozens, if not hundreds, of other\ntraders offering exactly the same goods and with\nwhom they share the same pool of customers.\nMoreover, because their \u2018businesses\u2019 largely rely on\nthe limited purchasing power of other refugees, who\nin turn rely heavily on humanitarian aid, the monthly\ninjection of cash rations into the settlement economy\nis crucial for their survival.\n\n\nFishermen at the\nshore of Lake Albert in\nwestern Uganda.\nCredit: Yotam Gidron.\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey statistics", - "confidence": 0.997448205947876, - "start": 302, - "end": 304 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8996755480766296, - "start": 302, - "end": 303 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.9917791485786438, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n## Conclusions and policy recommendations\n\nRefugees in Uganda are free to move, but those who\nreside in settlements rarely do so in order to engage\nin sustainable livelihoods or access reliable and\n\u2018empowering\u2019 economic opportunities. In Pagirinya\nand Kyangwali, mobility allows refugees to access\nnatural resources, engage in casual labour, and trade,\nbut there are also serious structural constraints\nthat prevent such activities from being sustainable\nlivelihoods. The engagement of refugees in these two\nsettlements with urban economies or cross-border\nenterprise is very limited. Trips to urban areas or\nacross the border are a luxury: they are expensive and\nare rarely undertaken in order to secure economic\nprofit, even if they may help maintain access to\nnetworks or assets over the long term. Small trips\naround the settlements, on the other hand, are a daily\nsurvivalist activity: they require little to no financial\ninvestment, have immediate or short-term benefits,\nbut do not offer avenues for growth and asset\ndevelopment over the long term.\n\n\nThe data from Pagirinya and Kyangwali calls for a\nmore nuanced understanding \u2013 in both scholarly\nanalysis and humanitarian and development\nprogramming \u2013 of mobility and its role in the socioeconomic lives of refugees. Celebrating refugee\nmobilities as an index of entrepreneurialism, progress,\nand empowerment risks misrepresenting the daily\nrealities of most refugees and shifting the focus\naway from the more acute and structural factors that\ncontribute to their poverty. Freedom of movement\nis a fundamental human right and central to the\nday-to-day survival of refugees. However, mobility\nalone cannot change the economic realities of\nrefugee-hosting regions without complementary\nstrategies for wealth creation and the equitable\nredistribution of resources. In light of these findings,\nthis brief concludes with several recommendations\nfor policymakers and development and humanitarian\nactors, in Uganda and elsewhere.\n\n\n\nPromoting freedom of movement and\nreducing its costs\n\nThe fact that refugees in Uganda are free to\nmove, even if they continue to regularly reside\nin settlements, enables them to diversify their\nlivelihoods and reduce their dependency on\nhumanitarian aid. While transportation to urban\ncentres is not always affordable, there are no\nadditional costs associated with movement, such as\na requirement to secure permits from the authorities.\nThis renders livelihoods that rely on mobility more\nviable. Investment in transportation infrastructure\nin refugee-hosting regions will reduce the monetary\ncosts of mobility and make it safer, benefitting both\nrefugees and Ugandans. Other countries in the region\nthat have so far not done so should similarly adopt\nregulatory frameworks that respect the freedom of\nmovement of refugees.\n\n\nMaintaining humanitarian support in the\nsettlements\n\nThe fact that refugees move and engage in\nlivelihoods activities around settlements does not\nmean that they can secure sustainable incomes and\nno longer require humanitarian assistance. Much of\nthe mobility around settlements is driven by economic\ndesperation and does not guarantee access to reliable\nsources of income. Moreover, refugee enterprises\nwithin the settlements, even when they have some\nlinks with markets beyond it, are highly dependent on\naid. In this context, and in the absence of reliable data\non the individual socio-economic profile of refugees,\nthe support provided to them should not be reduced.\nThis lesson, too, is relevant to other countries in\nthe region where reductions in aid and policies of\n\u2018prioritisation\u2019 or \u2018targeting\u2019 have been introduced in\nrecent years.\n\n\nSupporting farmers and facilitating access\nto land\n\nLand is a finite resource and cannot support the\nlivelihoods of all refugees. However, given the limited\nemployment and off-farm livelihood opportunities\nin refugee-hosting regions, and the fact that many\nrefugees do have experience in agriculture as well\n\n\n\nRSC Research in Brief 21, April 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Refugee mobility and livelihoods in Uganda\n\n\nas an interest in cultivation, more should be done\nto increase their access to land and to help them\nincrease their yields. This can be promoted through\ninterventions that bring refugees and hosts together\nand incentivise hosts to offer land, including by\ncompensating them. By promoting agroecological\npractices and subsidising quality agricultural inputs,\ngovernment institutions and development agencies\ncan help render cultivation a more sustainable\nlivelihood, as well as mitigate some of the adverse\nimpacts of climate-related shocks and hazards.\n\n\nRethinking \u2018private sector engagements\u2019\n\nPromoting \u2018private sector engagement\u2019 has been\na key priority for humanitarian and development\nagencies in Uganda and the East Africa region in\nrecent years, but progress in this area has been limited\nand not always in the most productive direction.\nMore often than not, interventions focus on turning\nrefugees into customers (for instance, of banks or\ntelecom companies) or on supporting small-scale\nrefugee enterprises in specific fields that rely heavily\non the limited purchasing power of other refugees\n(such as arbitrage trade of food items, hairdressing,\nor tailoring). Greater emphasis should be placed on\nproviding sustained and tangible support to refugeeled or co-led enterprises that can produce goods or\noffer services to markets and customers outside the\nsettlements.\n\n\nUnderstanding mobility in context\n\nThe broad similarities and trends highlighted here\nnotwithstanding, the ways in which refugees move to\nsupport their livelihoods vary across populations and\nlocales. Conducting research in order to understand\nexisting patterns of movement and their economic\nsignificance in particular contexts is a valuable\nvantage point from which to devise interventions\nthat aim to promote the welfare and livelihoods of\nrefugees and host communities. The role of gender,\n\n\n\nethnic background, age, socio-economic status, and\nother factors in determining people\u2019s capacity to\nleverage opportunities through movement as well as\nin forcing them to undertake precarious mobilities due\nto economic desperation should also be considered,\nto ensure interventions benefit those most in need.\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1 UNHCR, Impact of underfunding on the Refugee\n\nResponse, 31 October 2023, https://data.unhcr.org/en/\n\ndocuments/details/104367.\n\n\n2 Conversion rates refer to the time of research, in 2022,\n\nwhen USD 1 was worth roughly UGX 3,700.\n\n\nFurther reading\n\n[Yotam Gidron (2024) \u2018Survivalist mobilities: freedom of](https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feae079)\n\n[movement and the economic lives of settlement refugees](https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feae079)\n\n[in Uganda\u2019,](https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feae079) _Journal of Refugee Studies,_ doi.org/10.1093/jrs/\n\nfeae079\n\n\n[Naohiko Omata and Yotam Gidron (2025) \u2018Returning to](https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2419965)\n\n[fund refugeehood: dispersal and survival between Uganda](https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2419965)\n\n[and South Sudan\u2019,](https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2419965) _Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies_ 51\n\n(1): 101-21, doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2419965\n\n\nAcknowledgments\n\nThis research was carried out by the Refugee Economies\n\nProgramme, based at the Refugee Studies Centre,\n\nUniversity of Oxford, with support from Naohiko\n\nOmata and Madison Bakewell who contributed to the\n\nconceptualisation and design of the study and participated\n\nin data collection. We are grateful to the IKEA Foundation\n\nand the Oxford Department of International Development\n\nfor funding the research, and to the Government of\n\nUganda, the Youth Empowerment Foundation (YEF),\n\nand COBURWAS International Youth Organization to\n\nTransform Africa (CIYOTA), for their support. The analysis\n\nand recommendations in this policy brief are the results of\n\nthe author\u2019s work and do not necessarily reflect the views or\n\nobjectives of any of the organisations mentioned above.\n\n\n\nCover photo: Pagirinya settlement\u2019s main public\n\nRefugee Studies Centre\ntransport stage. Credit: Yotam Gidron.\nOxford Department of\nInternational Development\n\n\n\nUniversity of Oxford\n3 Mansfield Rd\nOxford, OX1 3TB, UK\n\nT. +44 (0)1865 281 720\nE. : rsc@qeh.ox.ac.uk\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7a526230-1e34-51cd-afc4-9c6ead496ae6/rsc-research-in-brief-21-refugee-mobility-and-livelihoods-in-uganda.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_928/raw/doc_928_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_928/raw/doc_928_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index da3fd4783471ad4f9d33e609c3cdf59830f308e1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_928/raw/doc_928_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,204 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n.19-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .2 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .1 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\n\n2020-1990 \u060c(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 2020 \u060c\u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\n2020-1990 \u060c(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\n\n\n\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .1 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n#### \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[.DESA, International Migration Stock, 2020 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649](https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock) **:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631**\n\n\n\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646\u201d 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\n\n\n#### \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644\u062a\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[.)2021 \u062b\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/labormarkets/brief/migration-and-remittances) **:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631**\n#### \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[.Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Global Internal Displacement Database, 2020 \u061bDESA, International Migration Stock, 2020 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649](https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data.%20Accessed%20on%203%20June%202021) **:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631**\n\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6846561431884766, - "start": 5, - "end": 10 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "DESA", - "confidence": 0.5124638676643372, - "start": 12, - "end": 13 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6834694743156433, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "reference_year": null, - 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\u0642\u0637\u0631|\n|+||**+**||+|**+**|**+**|\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a|\n||**+**|+|**+**||+|**+**|\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646|\n||||||+||\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627|\n||+|+||+|+||\u0645\u0635\u0631|\n|**+**|**+**|||+||**+**|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628|\n|||+||+||**+**|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629|\n||||+|+|||\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|\n|+||+|||||\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627|\u0629\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0634\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0631 \u0651\u0636\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0629\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642|\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0623 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627|\n|---|---|---|\n|. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629
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14.\n\n\n\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 **\u0640** \u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635 **\u0640** \u0646 \u0623\u062c **\u0640** \u0646\u060c \u0645 **\u0640** \u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a **\u0640** \u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a **\u0640** \u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 **\u0640** \u064a \u062a\u062e **\u0640** \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a **\u0640**\n\n\n\n.\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\n\n\n\n\u062f\u0627\u0644. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n\n\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\n\n.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645\n\n\n##### \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 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- "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n##### \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 12.\n\n.\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\n\n\n##### \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 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.\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\n\n\n\n.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\n\n\n##### \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d8 .\n\n\n\n\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\n\n\n\n.\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\n\n##### \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 9 .\n\n.\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\n\n\n\n\u062d\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629", - "confidence": 0.6465300917625427, - "start": 27, - "end": 31 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a\u06463", - "confidence": 0.6373587846755981, - "start": 17, - "end": 19 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nE/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2021/2/POLICY BRIEF\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ff25d3d7-8b37-4bce-bc81-aa19cdf4f245/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_929/raw/doc_929_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_929/raw/doc_929_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d7cbf2f729f17d81725e859456a4dece6eef902e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_929/raw/doc_929_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,288 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Introduction**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 1.** Number of migrants and refugees from and in\nArab countries (Millions) by subregion, 2020\n\n\n\n**Figure 2.** Number of migrants and refugees in Arab\ncountries (Millions) by subregion, 1990-2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3\n\n\n###### Demographic profile of migrants and refugees in the region\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Source:** [ESCWA calculations based on DESA, International Migration Stock, 2020.](https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock)\n\n**Note:** Whenever data from DESA is referenced, the term migrants and refugees is used since the data include both populations. However, it is important to note the different\nrealities and migration patterns in the region, with GCC subregion hosting mostly migrant workers, while refugees are mostly concentrated in the Mashreq.\n\n###### Remittances\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Source:** [World Bank, Annual remittances data (updated as of May 2021).](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/labormarkets/brief/migration-and-remittances)\n\n###### Sub-regional dynamics\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Source:** [ESCWA calculations based on DESA, International Migration Stock, 2020; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Global Internal Displacement Database, 2020.](https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock)\n**Note:** Whenever data from DESA is referenced, the term migrants and refugees is used since the data include both populations. However, it is important to note the different\nrealities and migration patterns in the region, with GCC subregion hosting mostly migrant workers, while refugees are mostly concentrated in the Mashreq.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DESA, International Migration Stock", - "confidence": 0.6487586498260498, - "start": 27, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Demographic profile of migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.6022763252258301, - "start": 7, - "end": 13 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ESCWA", - "confidence": 0.5245320200920105, - "start": 145, - "end": 146 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8702264428138733, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "migrants and refugees", - "confidence": 0.6703806519508362, - "start": 10, - "end": 13 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Annual remittances data", - "confidence": 0.8650888204574585, - "start": 116, - "end": 119 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "World Bank", - "confidence": 0.818322479724884, - "start": 113, - "end": 115 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.636089563369751, - "start": 124, - "end": 125 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "International Migration Stock", - "confidence": 0.9776614308357239, - "start": 151, - "end": 154 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre", - "confidence": 0.9902535080909729, - "start": 157, - "end": 161 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.6210425496101379, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.8680242300033569, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Global Internal Displacement Database", - "confidence": 0.7359051704406738, - "start": 162, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre", - "confidence": 0.8294903635978699, - "start": 157, - "end": 161 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Global", - "confidence": 0.5257798433303833, - "start": 162, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6974753141403198, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DESA", - "confidence": 0.7083342671394348, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.518161952495575, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Policy developments by country and thematic area, April 2019 - December 2020\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Country
Algeria|Labour
migration|Irregular
migration
+|Trafficking in
persons and
smuggling of
migrants
+|Forced
displacement
and refugee
protection|Admissions,
visas, residency
permits and
naturalization|Expatriate
and diaspora
governance
+|Other
measures and
developments
+|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Bahrain|**+**|**+**|+||+|||\n|Comoros|||+||+|||\n|Djibouti|||||+||+|\n|Egypt||+|+||+|+||\n|Iraq|||+|**+**||||\n|Jordan|**+**|||+||||\n|Kuwait|**+**|**+**|+||**+**||+|\n|Lebanon|**+**|+||**+**|+|**+**||\n|Libya||+||||||\n|Mauritania|||+|+||||\n|Morocco|**+**||+|||**+**|**+**|\n|Oman|+||||+||**+**|\n|Qatar|**+**|||+||||\n|Saudi Arabia|**+**||+||+|||\n|Somalia|+|||**+**||||\n|State of Palestine||||||||\n|Sudan|||+|+|+|||\n|Syrian Arab Republic||||+||**+**||\n|Tunisia|**+**||+|+|**+**||+|\n|United Arab Emirates|**+**|**+**|||**+**|||\n|Yemen|||||+||+|\n\n\n**Source** : Compiled by ESCWA.\n\n**Note:** Red plus signs refer to the adoption of policies and measures related to COVID-19.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Essential role|Extreme vulnerability|Recommendations|\n|---|---|---|\n|Migrants and refugees
provide essential services,
including health, cleaning,
domestic work, agriculture
and food production
They help ensure the
continuity of supply chains
across the Arab region
Remittances to the region
reached $57.9 billion
in 2020, a 2.5 per cent
increase compared with
the previous year|Income insecurity including
losing source of income and
salary reductions
Food insecurity and
challenges in accessing water
and sanitation
Challenges in accessing
medical services
New learning modality posed
challenges for students and
their parents
Female migrants and
refugees often face distinct
disadvantages
Mobility restrictions have
left many stranded in host
countries
Limited connectivity and
communication due to the
digital divide|Facilitate regular migration
Address structural barriers
Provide migrants and
refugees with access to
COVID-19 vaccines without
discrimination
Promote inclusion and
tolerance
Include migrants and refugees
in recovery plans|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A. Facilitate regular migration pathways, limit irregular migration, and protect migrants\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nB. Ensure the protection of refugees and asylum seekers\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n\n4. Further efforts to strengthen inclusion of refugees, including by providing national documents for\nvarious services such as, but not limited to, health care and education, and by providing their right\nto work.\n\n\n5. Support refugees and Arab countries hosting large numbers of refugees by increasing solidarity\nefforts, including resettlement quotas, enhancing access to family reunification and other\ncomplementary pathways, and resuming resettlement processing as soon as it is safe to do so.\n\n\nC. Promote fair and safe employment and income security\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8\n\n\n\n13. Offer financial literacy trainings and workshops to migrants and refugees to empower them with\n\ninformation that allows them to make informed financial decisions.\n\n\n\n14. Strengthen State cooperation and collaboration with different stakeholders, including international\n\nand local non-governmental organizations that serve migrant and refugee communities, to provide\nbetter access to services.\n\n\n\nD. Increase access to quality health services\n\n\n\n\n\nE. Increase access to quality education\n\n\n1. Promote the equal and continuous participation of girls in online learning, and the return of girls to\n\nin-person learning at school when possible, including at the secondary level; address the needs of girls\nwho have dropped out of school; and consider support classes specifically for girls.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nF. Promote gender sensitive policies for migrants and refugees\n\n\n1. Guarantee that national and local social protection efforts and benefits reach migrant and refugee\nwomen and girls.\n\n\n2. Ensure that female migrants and refugees are aware of and can access protection services and\nbenefits that apply to them by offering services in different languages, creating clear and simple\nbenefit redemption plans, and advertising programming on both digital and non-digital spaces in\nplaces with high concentrations of migrants and refugees.\n\n\n3. Establish new or guarantee access to existing safe houses and other spaces where women and girls\nfacing sexual or domestic abuse, including intimate partner violence, can access shelter, food, housing,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "10\n\n\n\n\n\nG. Strengthen the connectivity and communication of migrant\nand refugee populations\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "11\n\n\n\n8. Provide mental health services for migrants and refugees who experience hate speech and hostility;\ncreate spaces that allow for reflective open dialogue between migrants or refugees on their shared\nexperiences; and use these discussions to help inform local organizational priorities and solutions\nthat can help migrants and refugees feel more comfortable and protected.\n\n\n9. Protect against hate crime by formulating relevant policies and by training police and prosecutors to\nuphold migrant and refugee rights.\n\n\nH. Expand transnational legal accountability\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12\n\n\n\nI. Build data collection capacity\n\n\n\n\n\nE/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2021/2/POLICY BRIEF\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5634afda-772a-41ec-abbc-554591f8be01/situation-report-international-migration-2021-policy-brief-english.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_93/raw/doc_93_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_93/raw/doc_93_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ab49459a2225213b774122ad7ce9b40904cc3abd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_93/raw/doc_93_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,561 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 260**\n\n# **Newcomers to Nairobi:** **the protection concerns and survival strategies** **of asylum seekers in Kenya\u2019s capital city**\n\n\n**Carrie Hough**\n\n\nEmail: hough@refugepoint.org\n\n\nJuly 2013\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n\n**P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n\n**Switzerland**\n\n\n**E-mail: hqpd00@unhcr.org**\n\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nFrom 2010 to 2012, the number of registered asylum seekers and refugees rose from 430,871\nto 630,097, largely due to the conflict and drought affecting neighbouring Somalia. [1] Somalis\nare not the only people seeking safety in Kenya; asylum seekers arrive from South Sudan,\nEritrea, Ethiopia and the Great Lakes region on a daily basis. This presents complex logistical\nconcerns for humanitarian agencies operating in Nairobi, where an estimated 56,000 of\nKenya's registered asylum seekers and refugees are currently based. [2]\n\nLittle is known about what happens to these new arrivals during their first days in the Kenyan\ncapital. Though rumours abound, almost nothing is documented with respect to this critical\nperiod. Against this background, the Government of Kenya (GoK) has begun to take\nresponsibility for refugee status determination (RSD); it has also ended urban registration\nprocesses and recently indicated that it is contemplating reinstating its previous policy of\nencampment for asylum seekers and refugees.\n\nThe study seeks to understand the period of potentially heightened vulnerability of asylum\nseekers immediately after their arrival in Nairobi. More specifically, it seeks to identify their\nimmediate protection concerns and analyse the survival strategies they employ to counter\nthese risks. [3] The study first documents the logistics of their arrival and the protection\nconcerns of asylum seekers within the first week of their arrival in Nairobi. These immediate\nprotection concerns include police harassment, theft, security threats, gender-based violence,\nphysical assault, financial difficulties and resulting economic exploitation, as well as\nregistration-related challenges.\n\nThe study also aims to understand immediate survival strategies, including accessing\ncommunity-based informal support systems, as well as more formal services provided by the\nGoK, UNHCR and NGOs. Particular attention is paid to how new arrivals engage with the\nGoK\u2019s Department for Refugee Affairs (DRA) and UNHCR registration and documentation\nprocesses. Immediate livelihood strategies are also examined as the potentially extreme\nvulnerabilities of new arrivals can leave them susceptible to becoming involved in high-risk\nactivities, such as child labour, commercial sex work, street work, and isolated and\npotentially exploitative domestic work.\n\nA clearer understanding of the experiences of asylum seekers on arrival in Nairobi could\ninform the early intervention policies and programmes of the GoK, UNHCR and NGOs. By\nimproving the targeting and effectiveness of the services provided by the Kenyan government\nand humanitarian organizations, newly arrived asylum seekers and refugees could benefit\nfrom enhanced protection.\n\n\n1 UNHCR 2012.\n2\nNote that this figure does not include unregistered asylum seekers \u2013 estimates commonly place the total figure\nabove 100,000. In 2008 Human Rights Watch found that half of the refugees interviewed in the Somali border\ntown of Doble said that they were travelling straight to Nairobi, and the other half to Dadaab. In the same year,\nalmost 65,000 Somali refugees were registered by UNHCR in Dadaab. If these observations can be taken as an\nindication of true movement patterns, they mean that in 2008 alone tens of thousands of Somali refugees arrived\nin Nairobi, although only 654 Somali asylum seekers applied for refugee status with UNHCR (HRW 2009).\n3 For the purposes of this study, the term \u2018new arrival\u2019 specifically refers to asylum seekers within their first\nweek of arriving to Nairobi.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered asylum seekers and refugees", - "confidence": 0.6379895210266113, - "start": 13, - "end": 18 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum seekers and refugees", - "confidence": 0.7242231965065002, - "start": 14, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "study", - "confidence": 0.88869309425354, - "start": 192, - "end": 193 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.9873435497283936, - "start": 210, - "end": 211 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9792863726615906, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Literature review**\n\nThere is a growing body of literature focusing on urban refugees in Nairobi. The city has\nbecome a relatively accessible research site as it has evolved into a hub for development and\nhumanitarian organizations operating throughout eastern Africa. The focus of the bulk of\nexisting literature adopts a macro-policy approach to the situation of urban refugees,\nhighlighting historical developments, including the evolving balance of responsibilities\nshared between the GoK and UNHCR, [4] and analysing proposed long-term durable solutions\nof repatriation, resettlement and local integration. [5]\n\nThis literature also tends to highlight the position of Somali refugees, as the largest refugee\npopulation residing in Kenya. [6] Research on the immediate micro-experiences of asylum\nseekers on arrival in Nairobi is currently scarce. Although some existing literature does touch\nupon protection issues, particularly police harassment, detention, [7] integration strategies and\nlimitations (including a heavy emphasis on livelihoods), [8] it tends to adopt a long-term\napproach.\n\nThe current study seeks to address this knowledge gap by focusing on micro-experiences and\nparticularly on the vulnerabilities faced by new arrivals to Nairobi. It also seeks to question\nthe common assumption that urban asylum seekers and refugees must be self-reliant \u2013 why\nelse would they forego camps where their basic needs would be provided for? This decision\nmay be due to a variety of reasons that override considerations of whether or not they will be\nable to support themselves.\n\nIndeed, even those who may have been relatively well-off in their country of origin often\nfaced a drastic reduction in their socio-economic status on becoming asylum seekers. In light\nof these realities, the current study seeks to examine how new arrivals are able to cope in the\nchallenging urban environment of Nairobi, including an analysis of the resources and social\ncapital that they may be able to draw upon in their struggle for survival.\n\n**Methodology**\n\nPrimary data collection was carried out between February and April 2012 by a team of 13\ncommunity data collectors overseen by two RefugePoint researchers. The study sought to\nencompass the experiences of the main refugee communities residing in Nairobi, namely\nSomali, Ethiopian, Congolese, Eritrean, Rwandan, Burundian and Sudanese. RefugePoint\u2019s\nclient database was used to identify locations with high concentrations of these refugee\npopulations. These locations included Eastleigh (Somali and Ethiopian refugee populations),\nPangani (Eritrean), Kasarani (Congolese), Kayole (Congolese), Umoja (Congolese),\nKawangware/Satellite/Kabiria (Rwandan, Burundian, Sudanese).\n\nUsing current estimates at the time the study was conducted of the registered asylum seeker\nand refugee population size in Nairobi (53,531), and based upon a 5 per cent margin of error,\n\n\n4 Campbell et al 2011; Farah 2011/2012.\n5 Lambo 2012; Lindley and Haslie 2011; Lindley and Caterina 2011; RCK 2012.\n6 HRW 2009; Lambo 2012; Lindley 2007; Lindley and Haslie 2011; Lindley and Caterina 2011.\n7 HRW 2002; HRW 2009; Lambo 2012; Pavanello et al 2010; RCK 2005; RCK 2008; RCK 2012.\n8 Campbell et al 2011; Farah 2011/2012; Lambo 2012; Lindley 2007; Lindley and Haslie 2011; Lindley and\nCaterina 2011; Pavanello et al 2010; RCK 2005; RCK 2012.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "current study", - "confidence": 0.9530189633369446, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.92528235912323, - "start": 208, - "end": 209 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.947489321231842, - "start": 205, - "end": 207 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "client database", - "confidence": 0.5169408321380615, - "start": 411, - "end": 413 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "RefugePoint", - "confidence": 0.838459849357605, - "start": 374, - "end": 375 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.7137340307235718, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.7641987204551697, - "start": 387, - "end": 389 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registered asylum seeker\nand refugee population", - "confidence": 0.6914029121398926, - "start": 483, - "end": 489 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Campbell et al", - "confidence": 0.8856289982795715, - "start": 510, - "end": 513 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.8781341910362244, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.6341718435287476, - "start": 513, - "end": 514 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum seeker\nand refugee population", - "confidence": 0.5128822326660156, - "start": 484, - "end": 489 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "95 per cent confidence level and response distribution of 50 per cent, Raosoft Sample Size\nCalculator was used to generate a recommended minimum sample size of 382. [9] UNHCR data\non the countries of origin of registered asylum seekers and refugees in Nairobi was then used\nto calculate proportionate sub-quotas by country of origin. This equated to 218 Somalis, 88\nEthiopians, 46 Congolese, 11 Eritreans, 11 Rwandans, 4 Burundians and 4 Sudanese. [10]\n\nMuch has been written on the difficulties of sampling urban refugee populations, who by\ntheir nature tend to be widely dispersed and keep out of sight. [11] Conducting household\nsurveys for these populations was facilitated by the fact that Somali, Ethiopian and Eritrean\ncommunities are relatively concentrated in the areas of Pangani and Eastleigh. For other more\nwidely dispersed communities, data collectors carried out household surveys in areas where\nconcentrations of certain communities were known to reside. Where this was not possible,\nconvenience and snowball sampling methods were used.\n\nThe final sample consisted of 394 individuals, comprising of 262 women, 131 men, and\nincluded the following representation of the different refugee communities in Nairobi:\n\n\n**Figure 1:** **Country of origin of respondents**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand verbally administered to 15 community volunteers. The survey included questions on\nbackground demographic information, the arrival process, and their experiences immediately\nafter they had arrived. The results were collated and analysed, and the questionnaire\nsubsequently revised.\n\nCommunity data collectors were recruited among community health workers and interpreters\nworking RefugePoint, GIZ and Kituo cha Sheria\u2019s as they had the necessary English language\nskills and community knowledge to successfully conduct the study. They were trained in the\nsampling methodology, techniques for verbally administering the survey questionnaire and\nrecording the results.\n\n\n\n9 See www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html.\n\n\n\n10 UNHCR March 2012.\n\n\n\n11 Bloch 1999; Jacobsen and Landau 2003.\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR data", - "confidence": 0.7905938625335693, - "start": 32, - "end": 34 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.6883734464645386, - "start": 46, - "end": 47 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "registered asylum seekers and refugees", - "confidence": 0.5736697316169739, - "start": 40, - "end": 45 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household\nsurveys", - "confidence": 0.921698272228241, - "start": 118, - "end": 120 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "urban refugee populations", - "confidence": 0.7801653742790222, - "start": 95, - "end": 98 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "household surveys", - "confidence": 0.8949232697486877, - "start": 157, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7678456902503967, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Nairobi", - "confidence": 0.6104122400283813, - "start": 212, - "end": 213 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.5727158188819885, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee communities", - "confidence": 0.641796886920929, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey questionnaire", - "confidence": 0.6870352029800415, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5984624624252319, - "start": 239, - "end": 240 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Jacobsen and Landau", - "confidence": 0.5199739933013916, - "start": 343, - "end": 346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2003", - "confidence": 0.6879561543464661, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Informational interviews were carried out by the principal researcher with representatives\nfrom UNHCR, DRA and NGOs working with new arrivals, including Heshima Kenya, Kituo\ncha Sheria, RefugePoint and faith-based organizations operating in Nairobi. Key informant\ninterviews were also conducted with 12 community volunteers, three community religious\nleaders; snowball sampling methods were used to identify nine newcomers (that had arrived\nwithin the last year), and ten unaccompanied minors (UAMs). Seven intermediaries in the\narrival process were also identified and interviewed, including bus conductors, loaders, ticket\nvendors and truck drivers.\n\nThe data was textually and statistically analysed using word-processing, Excel and Statistical\nPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Although every effort was made to train\ndata collectors in the use of the research tools to ensure that the focus remained on asylum\nseekers\u2019 immediate experiences upon arrival (i.e. within the first week following arrival),\nthere is some indication that a number of respondents may have interpreted the question more\nbroadly, and answered in reference to their general experiences as an asylum seeker.\n\n**Arrival logistics**\n\nThe majority of the sample group arrived in Nairobi between 6am and 12pm. In contrast to a\ncamp setting, where there are clear entry hubs and registration points, respondents arrived at\ndispersed locations throughout the city. Seventy-seven per cent of Somali respondents and 70\nper cent of Ethiopian respondents arrived directly in Eastleigh, where the vast majority of\nEthiopians in Nairobi live.\n\nAmong the remaining Ethiopian respondents, 14 per cent arrived in Kariobangi (a common\ndestination for lorries transporting livestock from the Ethiopian-Kenyan border town of\nMoyale), and six per cent in Githurai. Fifty-six per cent of respondents from the Great Lakes\nregion arrived in the city centre (e.g. at bus company offices), 11 per cent in\nKawangware/Kabiria, eight per cent on Mombasa Road, and eight per cent in Ngara. The\nlatter two arrival points \u2013 Mombasa Road and Ngara \u2013 are common transit stops for lorries\ntransporting goods from the Great Lakes region to the Indian Ocean.\n\n**Protection concerns encountered upon arrival**\n\nForty per cent of respondents encountered protection concerns very shortly after their arrival\nin Nairobi. Of the sample group, men had a higher incident rate than women, with 49 per cent\nencountering immediate protection concerns versus 36 per cent of women. Respondents from\nthe Horn of Africa were more susceptible than those from the Great Lakes region, with 42\nversus 35 per cent encountering immediate protection concerns. Gender and country of origin\nalso had a bearing on the protection-related problem an asylum seeker may have been\nexposed to.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Informational interviews", - "confidence": 0.5457266569137573, - "start": 0, - "end": 2 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "principal researcher", - "confidence": 0.5580531358718872, - "start": 7, - "end": 9 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.7337565422058105, - "start": 69, - "end": 71 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum\nseekers", - "confidence": 0.8643149733543396, - "start": 151, - "end": 153 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection concerns encountered upon arrival", - "confidence": 0.5865534543991089, - "start": 390, - "end": 395 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Great Lakes\nregion", - "confidence": 0.7519217729568481, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "asylum seeker", - "confidence": 0.6398458480834961, - "start": 484, - "end": 486 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 3:** **Protection concerns encountered upon arrival by gender**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 4:** **Protection concerns encountered upon arrival by country of origin**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Including threat of deportation, arbitrary detention or death.\n** Physical, sexual and psychological violence that targets individuals or groups on the basis of their gender\n(including battering, dowry-related violence, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, rape, female genital mutilation,\ntrafficking and forced prostitution).\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Police harassment_\n\nPolice harassment was the most commonly encountered protection concern, affecting 21 per\ncent of the sample group within the immediate period following their arrival to Nairobi. This\nharassment often manifested itself in the form of random document checks in order to extort\npayments. Respondents said that they were often required to pay some form of bribe,\nregardless of whether or not they were in possession of valid documentation legalizing their\npresence.\n\nClose to double the percentage of the male sample (30 per cent) encountered this problem\nthan the percentage of the female sample (17 per cent). Asylum seekers from the Horn of\nAfrica (Somalia, Ethiopia, and Eritrea) were also far more likely to experience police\nharassment than those from the Great Lakes region (Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nRwanda, and Burundi). This is likely due to the fact that their physical appearance is quite\ndistinct from the predominantly Bantu Kenyan host community, making it much harder for\nthem to blend in.\n\nRespondents from the Horn of Africa also highlighted \u2018fear\u2019 as a protection concern, which\noften stemmed from a lack of documentation legalizing their presence in Kenya. Police\ncorruption, language barriers, ignorance of refugee law and correct documentation, and the\nperceived willingness of Somali refugees to pay their way out of any police encounter,\nregardless of whether or not they were flouting the law, also contributed to the high levels of\nharassment and extortion. [12] The main strategy of avoiding police harassment and extortion\nfor many new arrivals was simply to stay indoors.\n\n_Theft_\n\nThe second most commonly encountered protection issue among the sample group was theft\nof money or personal belongings. Respondents from the Great Lakes had a higher likelihood\nof encountering theft (9 per cent) than their counterparts from the Horn of Africa (5 per cent).\n\n_Security threats_\n\nSecurity threats (threat of deportation, arbitrary detention or death) were the third most\ncommonly encountered protection issue. Similar percentages of men and women from the\nGreat Lakes and Horn of Africa regional samples encountered security threats, although the\nnature of the threat varied. Some informants specifically cited security concerns from agents\nof their country of origin, who they claimed were operating throughout Nairobi to monitor\n\u2018dissidents\u2019. Qualitative data suggests that there is a real basis for these fears. A UNHCR\nProtection Officer reported that UNHCR had encountered cases of individuals being lured to\ntheir embassy and abducted, with one individual being forcibly repatriated and sentenced to\ndeath. A former government official who fell out of favour described the situation in Nairobi:\n\n\n'There are a lot of refugees here who are working as spies for the current\ngovernment. I have met them...even last week, I saw someone on Tenth\nStreet, I recognised them from when I was back there. They regularly\n\n\n12 RCK 2012.\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "communicate with the government. I saw two around Chai Road.\nEspecially in Fourth and Tenth Street, they live around there. If you go\nthere now you may see one, two or three of them. They tell the government\nwhat refugees are doing, their movements, and they take people back\u2026\n\n_Gender-based violence_\n\nGender-based violence (GBV) was the next most commonly reported immediate protection\nissue, and was only reported by women. Although only three per cent of the female sample\nreported having encountered a form of GBV within their first week of arrival, qualitative data\nsuggest that the actual figure may be higher as many women may not feel comfortable\nacknowledging an incident within the context of a household survey.\n\nFemale new arrivals were especially vulnerable if they arrived without any prior contacts in\nNairobi. In these situations, female new arrivals were often dependent for their survival upon\nthe goodwill of strangers, who could offer them accommodation or employment but later\ndemand sexual favours in return. They could be kept within a confined environment, and be\nunable to seek help. One young Somali woman experienced such a situation \u2013 she was kept in\ncaptivity by her host, forcibly raped, and had five children before she was discovered during\na home visit by a community worker. There are no doubt many other women that have found\nthemselves in similar situations, but who remain hidden from view and unable to escape.\n\n_Socio-economic difficulties_\n\nQualitative interviews revealed a number of other immediate protection concerns which were\nnot apparent from the quantitative results. Most notably, respondents highlighted the often\ndesperate socio-economic situation faced by asylum-seekers, with many citing the lack of\nshelter, food and basic non-food items, e.g. mattresses, blankets and cooking materials, as\ntheir most significant protection concern upon arrival. Time and time again, informants\ndescribed their life in Nairobi as 'difficult' \u2013 many saying they barely survived on one or two\nmeals a day. One unaccompanied Somali boy stated that his host gave him food so irregularly\nthat he often had to 'sleep with hunger'.\n\nThe rising cost of living in Nairobi meant that accommodation arrangements for asylum\nseekers were often provisional. Numerous informants described being forced to leave a host\narrangement, contributing to a pattern of continual shifting from place to place. For one\nCongolese minor, his host 'chased us away because he had no means of supporting us...It was\nnot because of hate, just a lack of means'. [13] As unaccompanied and separated children\n((UASC) roamed in search of alternative accommodation and sources of food, they were\nparticularly vulnerable to abuse, including physical, sexual and economic exploitation. The\nstrategies employed to find food and shelter directly after their arrival and their limitations\nare explored in more detail below.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 5: Time taken to register**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Registration challenges_\n\nThe Department of Refugee Affairs (DRA) was established under the Refugee Act of 2006\nand signalled the GoK\u2019s acceptance of greater responsibility towards Kenya's asylum seeker\nand refugee population. Until 2011 individuals were required to register their claim solely\nwith UNHCR; however, they are now required to first register as asylum seekers with DRA,\nreceive an asylum seeker pass, and then proceed to UNHCR for refugee status determination\n(RSD).\n\nSomalis from southern and central Somalia have until recently been granted _prima facie_\ngroup refugee status, meaning that they are automatically recognized as refugees on the basis\nof objective criteria related to the circumstances in their country of origin and their flight.\nOther nationalities are required to undergo individual refugee status determination which, on\naverage, takes 13 months; if their claim is recognized, they are issued with a certificate of\nrefugee status (locally known as a \u2018mandate\u2019). Once this is issued, they are referred back to\nDRA to receive a government-issued refugee identity card. [14]\n\n\n14 These registration and refugee status determination procedures were at the time of writing in a state of great\nflux and uncertainty. On 13 December 2012, the Government of Kenya issued a directive suspending\ngovernment registration of urban refugees and ordering all refugees to proceed directly to Kakuma and Dadaab\nrefugee complexes. A Kenyan court has blocked the implementation of the directive, so the long term\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As highlighted above, a lack of legal documentation leads to significant protection risks for\nnew arrivals, as it leaves them vulnerable to police harassment, _refoulement_, exploitation and\nother dangers. In spite of this, only 23 per cent of respondents registered their asylum claim\nwithin their first week of arrival.\n\nA further 45 per cent took more than 30 days to register and 10 per cent of respondents\n(predominantly women from the Horn of Africa) failed to register their asylum claim at all \u2013\nand failing to register within 30 days after arrival is in breach of Kenyan law. Among those\nwho registered with DRA, some alleged that they were encouraged to pay a \u2018facilitation\u2019 fee\nto expedite the processing of their registration, although DRA services are free.\n\n**Arriving in Nairobi**\n\nThe majority of respondents were collected from their entry point by relatives or friends.\nThose who were not collected (suggestive of a less organized and more haphazard arrival\nprocess) tended to ask for directions to places where their ethnic community were\nconcentrated. Somalis and Ethiopians were often directed towards Eastleigh (if they had not\nalready been dropped there), and respondents from the Great Lakes region were often\n\n\n**Figure 6: Who collects asylum seekers on arrival?**\n\n\n\n\n\ndirected to Kawangware, Kangemi, Kasarani, Kitengela, Kayole and Umoja. Upon arrival to\nthese ethnic community hubs, newcomers could be identified by clan or birth village and\nassisted along those lines. This identification process did not always occur automatically \u2013\none recent Congolese male arrival described how he had been directed to Kayole, where he\nwas told he would find many other Congolese. Upon arrival, however, he spent two days\n\n\nsignificance of the directive for registration and refugee status determination of urban asylum-seekers is still to\nbe determined.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sleeping outdoors before he was able to identify someone from his ethnic group who could\nprovide assistance.\n\n_Shelter_\n\n\n**Figure 7: Shelter strategies for first week following arrival**\n\n40\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n\n\nRelatives Friend Lodge Community\nmember's\nhouse\n\n\n\nReligious\ncentre/\nleader's\nhouse\n\n\n\nOw n home Shauri\nMoyo/UNHCR\ncompound\n\n\n\nAcquiring shelter was the first priority for most newcomers. The overall majority of\nrespondents stayed with a relative and/or friend's house in their first week in Nairobi (54 per\ncent) but substantial numbers also sought shelter at lodges or hotels (18 per cent), the homes\nof community members (14 per cent) and religious centres (7 per cent); a much small number\n(one per cent) slept in the DRA/UNHCR compound. Many sought shelter in multiple\nlocations during their first week.\n\nThe often temporary nature of early host arrangements caused particular problems in\nmonitoring unaccompanied and separated children (UASC). Unaccompanied and separated\nchildren tended to move between different hosts after their arrival in Nairobi, and hosts were\noften reluctant to formalize foster arrangements for fear that it would affect their chances of\nbeing resettled in a third country. The conditions in which shelter was offered could also vary\nconsiderably for both unaccompanied and unconnected adults and children, with many\nrequired to work in exchange.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Figure 8: Strategies for obtaining food for the first week following arrival**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Food_\n\nFood was another immediate concern for respondents in the immediate period after their\narrival in Nairobi. Most received food from relatives, friends or community members during\ntheir first week in Nairobi. However, 16 per cent used their own savings to purchase food,\nfive per cent received food from a religious centre or cleric, three per cent relied on begging\nor good Samaritans, and 1 per cent worked in exchange for food.\n\n_Variations in community support_\n\nSomalis were widely acknowledged to have the strongest levels of community support for\nnewcomers. Female respondents had often been initially taken in as domestic workers;\nalthough they tended not to be paid, they were provided with food and shelter during this\nvulnerable period. One Somali female newcomer described how she entered into such an\narrangement. She was dropped at Twelfth Street in Eastleigh and met a Somali woman selling\ntea on the street. The woman agreed to take her in and provide her one meal a day in return\nfor cleaning her house. [15]\n\nThe large number of Somali refugees \u2013 they account for 59 per cent of the registered asylum\nseeker and refugee population in Nairobi \u2013 meant that Somali newcomers had a higher\nchance of knowing or finding someone from their village or clan who might assist them. The\nwell-established and integrated Kenyan-Somali presence provides linkages between the\nSomali refugee population and the host community and may facilitate the integration of\nnewcomers. Lastly, the Somali diaspora has also been shown to provide significant financial\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "support in the form of remittances to the Somali asylum seeker and refugee community in\nNairobi. Previous studies have documented that between 35 and 45 per cent of Nairobi\u2019s\nrefugees receive remittances from the diaspora averaging between US$50 and US$200 per\nmonth, [16] and 11 per cent of respondents in this study were able to benefit from such\nassistance during their first week in Nairobi. [17]\n\nSimilarly, the presence of the ethnically related Kenyan Borana may also assist with the\nintegration of newly arrived Oromo asylum seekers. One Oromo female described how she\nmet a Kenyan Borana woman during her journey to Nairobi who took pity on her, housed and\nfed her for her first three months in the city.\n\nAssistance by the local community did not solely depend on ethnic links. Several key\ninformants highlighted their own experiences of being helped by Kenyan hosts, despite\nhaving had no prior connection to them. In Kayole, members of the host community assist\nrefugees through a number of local initiatives, including a Kenyan school that allows\nCongolese refugees to use a cyber cafe and attend a computer training school at a subsidized\nrate for refugees.\n\nA Rwandan refugee described how he had initially been received by a Kenyan who worked\nfor a partner organization to the Ugandan NGO where he had previously been working. [18]\nLastly, a newly arrived Oromo female described how both Oromo and Kenyan residents in\nher neighbourhood had pooled their money together to enable her to start up a small\nrestaurant to support herself and her relatives.\n\nThe Congolese refugee communities were also found to help one another, typically along\nethnic lines ('our culture does not allow us to close the door on someone from our\ncommunity'). Certain ethnicities, such as the Banyamulenge, were thought to be better\norganized than others and community leaders described how they were informed when\nnewcomers arrived. They would then try to find others from the same area of origin to assist\nthe newcomers and introduce them to the community.\n\nCongolese networks were generally thought to be weaker than those of the Somali\ncommunity because they were more widely dispersed in different parts of Nairobi and also\nbecause they have less stable source of income than the Somali business community, which\nin turn made them less able to provide for newcomers. Indeed, one Congolese key informant\ndescribed how although he would have liked to have helped newcomers from his community,\n'I could not accept many because my way to live is limited'. [19] It was very common to find\nnewly arrived Congolese asylum seekers who struggled to have more than one meal a day.\n\nRegardless of ethnic group or nationality, for most respondents who had arrived without\nexisting family links in Nairobi, the high cost of living and providing for additional\nhousehold members meant that most could not expect to be hosted by non-relatives for more\nthan a few days or a week, after which they were expected to fend for themselves. As a result,\nit was common to come across vulnerable individuals moving from one host arrangement to\nanother, whenever they found they had outstayed their welcome. One newly arrived Somali\n\n\n16 RCK 2008; Campbell et al 2011.\n17 For a more detailed exploration of the role of remittances in Somali refugee livelihood strategies, see Lindley\n2007. For Somali social capital, see Lambo 2012 and Landau and Duponchel 2011.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "woman stayed with a friend for the first two months following her arrival, but was then asked\nto go elsewhere. Since then, she has survived on community members accommodating her\ntemporarily and providing sporadic food donations \u2013 'Some days, I don't eat'.\n\nFor some respondents, their reasons for fleeing their country of origin meant that they\npurposely avoid meeting other community members and accessing community support\nnetworks, and this made them more vulnerability. Several newly arrived Ethiopians fleeing\npolitical persecution deliberately tried to avoid other community members as they feared that\nthey would be found by Ethiopian government agents. One described how he avoided\nPangani because there may be government agents among the large numbers of Ethiopian\nrefugees living there.\n\n**Services for new arrivals**\n\nNewcomers found that formal UNHCR and NGO support to be extremely limited,\nparticularly as many agencies require proof of refugee status before they could provide\nassistance. In Nairobi, UNHCR does not offer assistance to meet basic needs (i.e. food,\nshelter), except in the most vulnerable of cases, e.g. when it concerned unaccompanied and\nseparated children. Emergency medical needs may be met by UNHCR\u2019s implementing\npartner for medical services (the National Council of Churches for Kenya).\n\nFaith-based organizations were an exception to the generally limited amount of support\nprovided by NGOs to newcomers. They tended to have less strict criteria for assessing\nwhether someone qualified for assistance (i.e. the requirement of formal refugee status\nrecognition); they also even specifically targeted the most vulnerable amongst the new\narrivals.\n\nThere are several faith-based organizations operating in Nairobi that specifically identify and\nreach out to newly arrived and vulnerable asylum seekers through established refugee\ncommunity networks and religious institutions. These organizations provide a range of\nservices for asylum seekers depending on available resources and the specific needs of the\nnewcomer. These initial services may include assistance with basic orientation, food rations,\nnon-food items, assistance with rent, and basic medical care for up to four months following\ntheir arrival. Longer term support may include start-up loans for income-generating activities,\neducational support and ongoing pastoral care.\n\nSpecific churches and mosques were known among both refugee and host communities to\nassist asylum seekers, often along ethnic or national lines. Assistance varied from meeting\nimmediate basic needs (e.g. acting as an emergency temporary shelter), collecting alms on\ntheir behalf from worshippers, serving as a meeting point for newcomers to identify members\nof their clan or birth village, providing a platform to exchange information, providing muchneeded psychosocial support, comfort and hope for the many new arrivals suffering from\npost-traumatic stress disorder.\n\nRespondents from the Great Lakes region appeared to rely on faith-based organizations and\nreligious institutions to a greater degree in the immediate period following their arrival than\nSomali respondents, for whom the mosque was considered 'the last place they come for help\nand kindness', which might in part be an indication of the strength of their clan-based support\nnetworks. Faith-based organizations and religious institutions were found to assist\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "unaccompanied and separated children with psychosocial support, tracing relatives, providing\nemergency shelter as a last resort, and linking them to other forms of assistance including\ncommunity well-wishers or humanitarian organizations.\n\nAlthough faith-based organizations and religious institutions were clearly striving hard to\ncover the protection gap affecting new arrivals, their assistance was contingent on the\navailability of funds and the generosity of alms-givers who themselves could be struggling. It\nis also important to note that although faith-based organizations and religious institutions did\nnot necessarily stipulate a recipient\u2019s faith as a prerequisite for support, they would often\nprioritize support for their own religious adherents, or their recipients could be self-selecting\n(i.e. Christians would be more likely to seek support from a church, whereas Muslims would\ngo to a mosque, etc.).\n\n**Early attempts at establishing livelihoods**\n\nThe Refugee Act of 2006 established the legal framework for refugees to obtain employment.\nUnder this act, refugees are subject to the same restrictions as other non-Kenyans and\ntherefore need to obtain a work permit from the GoK prior to employment. As a result,\nasylum seekers in Nairobi are not legally entitled to find work to support themselves while\ntheir claim is being processed \u2013 the individual refugee status determination process on\naverage takes about 13 months. [20]\n\n**Figure 9: Types of early employment**\n\n\n45\n\n\n\n40\n\n\n35\n\n\n30\n\n\n25\n\n\n20\n\n\n15\n\n\n10\n\n\n5\n\n\n0\n\n|Col1|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|||\n|||\n||Male
Female|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n\n\n20 Anderson 2012, p.4.\n\n\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Types of early employment_\n\nIn reality, the high cost of urban living meant that many asylum seekers were obliged to find\nsome kind of informal work as part of their survival strategy. For the 54 per cent of\nrespondents who obtained work since arriving to Nairobi, the most common form of first\nemployment was in sales/retail (36 per cent), followed by domestic work (19 per cent) and\ncatering (18 per cent). Unaccompanied and separated children were normally first employed\nin domestic work and in selling food items or clothing on the street, working in hotels, or in\nslaughterhouses.\n\n_Wage levels_\n\n\nWage levels for those taking up a first job on arrival in Nairobi varied between 0 KES per day\n(i.e. paid in kind) to about KES 500 (US$5.80) [21] per day. Most earned between KES 100 and\n200 (US$1.16-US$2.32) per day, well below the minimum wage for urban areas of KES 365\n(US$4.24) per day. [22] Being paid in kind seemed to be particularly prevalent in the case of\nrespondents from the Horn of Africa employed as domestic workers, and unaccompanied and\nseparated children who commonly found themselves in such arrangements.\n\n\n**Figure 10: Wage level for first employment**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAssistance with household chores was not necessarily classified as \u2018work\u2019 or \u2018employment\u2019\namong these communities, but rather was seen as an informal mechanism for repaying wellwishers for taking a newcomer into their home and therefore not receiving a salary was not\nautomatically equated with exploitation. And regardless of how it was perceived, respondents\nreported that they often had no other choice but to accept whatever was offered.\n\n21 Currency conversions accurate as of 14th December 2012 (www.xe.com).\n\n22 Government of Kenya 2011.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_How long does it take to find work?_\n\n\n**Figure 11: Time taken to obtain first employment following arrival to Nairobi**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEven though economic necessity might dictate it, finding the first employment opportunity\n(which on average took respondents six months) was not a straightforward process for many\nwithin the sample group. Male respondents were generally able to obtain employment\nquicker than female respondents who managed to do so within five months as opposed to\neight months for males; individuals from the Horn of Africa on average found work faster\nthan those from the Great Lakes region, i.e. within six months as opposed to 11 months. This\ndifference could be partially due to stronger community networks among the larger and more\ngeographically concentrated population of refugees from the Horn of Africa living in\nEastleigh but this question needs to be further explored.\n\n_Challenges in finding work_\n\nMany key informants spoke of the difficulties in obtaining employment in Nairobi. Among\nthe key challenges they identified were the language barrier, lack of start-up capital, lack of\ninformation on their right to work, lack of training, and medical complaints resulting from\nwar injuries or neglected medical conditions. The experience of a 24-year old male\nCongolese sums up the vicious cycle of unemployment and poverty. He had worked as a\ncasual labourer in order to earn the bus fare to reach UNHCR, but described how he was no\nlonger fit for manual labour: 'To do that work, you have to be strong. When you don't eat, you\ncan't'. [23]\n\nRegardless of gender or country of origin it is clear that for the average respondent, paid\nemployment did not feature as part of their immediate survival strategy. Most had to muddle\nthrough by other means for at least the first six months.\n\n\n23 24 year old Congolese male recent arrival, Kayole, 14th March 2012.\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Conclusion and recommendations**\n\nAsylum seekers are at their most vulnerable when they arrive in Nairobi and the period\nimmediately following arrival. In contrast to a camp setting, there are no clear entry hubs to\nbegin the registration process and seek assistance. Instead, asylum seekers reaching Nairobi\narrive at dispersed locations and have no clear path to access available services, legal\ndocumentation or livelihood opportunities. Some are able to find their way to their respective\nethnic community hubs; others, however, scatter and rapidly become absorbed in the urban\nsprawl and become, to all extent and purposes, invisible to UNHCR, NGOs and the GoK.\n\nThe extent to which new arrivals are able to cope with their immediate challenges can\ndetermine the nature of their Nairobi existence for many years to come. They may negotiate\nadequate protection for themselves or be pulled into a cycle of exploitation and a constant\nstruggle for survival. Key protection threats that negatively affect the ability of newcomers to\nthrive include police harassment, theft, security threats (including from government agents),\ngender-based violence, physical assault, socio-economic difficulties and resulting economic\nexploitation and registration challenges.\n\nFormal government, UNHCR and NGO support is extremely limited during the immediate\narrival period, although faith-based organizations provide different forms of assistance.\nNewcomers often rely on what they can access from faith-based organizations, religious\ninstitutions and the limited capacity of informal community-based support mechanisms. The\ncommon eligibility requirement of recognized refugee status to access formal services leaves\nmany needy newcomers in a state of limbo, with no guarantee of protection.\n\nDuring this period asylum seekers are at risk of falling irrevocably through the cracks of\nhumanitarian assistance, and may be compelled to resort to negative coping strategies.\nInformation and awareness of available services is limited among newcomers, as well as on\nthe established refugee communities that could welcome them.\n\nReligious institutions are often the first port of call for newcomers lacking prior contacts in\nNairobi. Such institutions address protection gaps by providing emergency assistance to meet\nthe basic needs of the most vulnerable, and by linking them to other organisations that may\nbe able to assist. However, a lack of resources limits the extent and duration of assistance\nthese organisations are able to consistently provide.\n\n\nThese findings could inform more effective early intervention policies and programmes and\nensure enhanced protection of newly arrived asylum seekers. The study identifies entry points\nto Nairobi where early interventions could be targeted prior to the newcomers dispersing to\ndifferent parts of the city. These early interventions could also be focused on connecting entry\npoints more directly to registration processes, which could help address the significant\nnumber of asylum seekers who delay registering or who fail to register at all. There was also\na demonstrated need for prompter processing of asylum claims and stronger safeguards to\ntackle corrupt practices.\n\nMost importantly, there is a need for community-based awareness raising campaigns to\ndisseminate accurate information on registration processes, which specifically target key\ndemographics that are prone to delays in registering or failing to register at all, and to counter\nthe often misleading rumours that spread among refugee communities. These awarenessraising efforts could be channelled through community-based organizations, such as TUSA\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "solidarity groups, as well as religious institutions (such as local churches and mosques),\nwhich are a first port of call for many new arrivals to Nairobi and play a key role in advising\non registration procedures. Both community and faith-based organizations could benefit from\nspecific training to enable them to dispense accurate advice on the new registration\nprocedures.\n\nEstablished urban refugee communities in Nairobi have shown themselves willing to\nwelcome, absorb and support newcomers in the near-absence of formal service provision\nexists. However, their limited capacity does not always allow them to meet the basic needs of\nall vulnerable new arrivals. Existing community and faith-based support structures and\nservices could significantly benefit from capacity building and financial assistance from the\nGoK, UNHCR and NGO actors.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5b33db3a-27d9-341c-ae7a-116d9331dc60/51f6813b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_930/raw/doc_930_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_930/raw/doc_930_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index c28941723782c6ce3323d106ecfb66bdf03e4805..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_930/raw/doc_930_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1107 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n### **Contents**\n\n##### 1. Introduction 3 2. Context 3 3. Priority Protection Risks 6 Risk 1 \u2013 Systematic Protection Risks & Violations 6 Risk 2 \u2013 Child Protection Risks 8 Risk 3 \u2013 Sexual Violence And Intimate Partner Violence 11 Risk 4 \u2013 Forced Eviction 14 Risk 5 \u2013 Impact of Explosive Hazards 16 4. Recommended Actions 19\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **1. INTRODUCTION**\n\nA fourth consecutive failed rainy season has pushed parts of Somalia\nto the **brink of famine** . Throughout 2022, **severe drought, conflict,**\n**climatic shocks,** and **forced evictions** have had a cumulative\ndevastating humanitarian impact across the country, and\nrepresented major drivers of displacement that have exacerbated an\nalready complex and protracted humanitarian crisis. In response to\nthis critical situation, a national IASC Scale-Up for the famine\nprevention and drought response has been activated as of August\n2022.\n\n\nIn this crisis context, the Somalia Protection Analysis Update (PAU)\nbrings attention to prevalent protection risks currently being faced\nby Somali communities, namely:\n\n\n1. Systematic Protection Risks & Violations\n2. Child Protection Risks\n3. Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence\n4. Forced Evictions\n5. Impact of Explosive Hazards\n\n\nThe document provides a set of key recommendations from the\nProtection Cluster and its four Areas of Responsibility (AoRs) on how\nto address and mitigate the effects of these risks throughout the\nhumanitarian response.\n\n\n**Methodology**\n\n\nThe scope and methodology of this Protection Analysis Update was\njointly agreed by the Protection Cluster and the four AoRs of Child\nProtection, Gender-Based Violence, Explosive Hazards, and Housing,\nLand, and Property in May 2022 based on global protection analysis\nguiding documents as well as the GPC\u2019s Protection Analytical\nFramework (PAF).\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nThe document is based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis\nfrom existing secondary data sources, protection assessments and\nreports covering events from January to September 2022, including\ndata from key country-wide protection monitoring tools \u2013 the\nSomalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS), Protection and\nReturn Monitoring Network (PRMN) and the Eviction Information\nPortal. In addition, the document also builds upon the first-hand\nexpertise of Protection Cluster and AoR partners, state-level\ncoordinators, protection experts and key stakeholders at national\nand sub-national levels through a questionnaire specifically designed\nto bridge existing information gaps.\n\n\n**Limitations**\n\n\nData available in Somalia and Somaliland is predominantly limited to\nareas that are currently accessible by humanitarian actors. Areas in\nGalmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland, and Southwest States under AlShabaab control, as well as areas in Puntland under Islamic State\ncontrol, are currently inaccessible to the humanitarian community.\nAs a result, this document has been built based on available data and\nis unable to reflect on an analysis of the humanitarian situation in\nthese inaccessible areas.\n\n\n\n**Severe Drought & Risk of Famine**\n\n\nFollowing a fourth consecutive failed rainy season, the worst in the\nlast 40 years, parts of Somalia are currently facing the risk of famine.\nThe current drought, one of the driest ever on record, has had a\ndevastating impact on livelihoods, food security, and access to water,\nand has generated a sharp increase on nutrition insecurity for\ncommunities across the country.\n\n3\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection assessments", - "confidence": 0.8996633887290955, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "quantitative and qualitative analysis", - "confidence": 0.6510987877845764, - "start": 295, - "end": 299 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.8779556155204773, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9460304379463196, - "start": 281, - "end": 282 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8413814306259155, - "start": 252, - "end": 253 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9392212629318237, - "start": 327, - "end": 331 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9579116702079773, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6201606392860413, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7983964085578918, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6960704922676086, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection and\nReturn Monitoring Network", - "confidence": 0.6609842777252197, - "start": 335, - "end": 340 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.6704899668693542, - "start": 341, - "end": 342 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6319605708122253, - "start": 315, - "end": 316 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**October 2022 \u2013 January 2023 Projection** [1]\n\n\n1 Famine Early Warning Systems Network, Aug 2022\n2 Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit \u2013 Somalia, Somalia Food\nSecurity Alert, May 2022\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nIn May 2022, the Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit in Somalia\nfirst issued an alert warning that parts of the country were at risk of\nfamine (IPC Phase 5), in a context where levels of acute malnutrition\nand mortality continue to rise. [2] It is estimated that a total of **7.1**\n**million** people are currently facing **crisis-level food insecurity**, while\n**213,000** people are at risk of **catastrophic hunger and starvation** . [3] As\na result, a national IASC Scale-Up of the famine prevention and\ndrought response has been activated as of August 2022.\n\n\nBased on integrated surveys from the Food Security and Nutrition\nAnalysis Unit (FSNAU) conducted during May-July 2022, as well as the\nsubsequent IPC acute malnutrition analysis conducted in August, it is\nestimated that **1.8 million children** will face **acute malnutrition**\nbetween August 2022 and July 2023, including **513,550 children** who\nare likely to be **severely malnourished** . [4]\n\n\n3 [Drought Response and Famine Prevention Plan, OCHA Somalia, 2022](about:blank)\n4 Famine Early Warning Systems Network, Aug 2022\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Famine Early Warning Systems Network", - "confidence": 0.8968667387962341, - "start": 14, - "end": 19 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit", - "confidence": 0.9097210764884949, - "start": 23, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9527809023857117, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.916894793510437, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8382969498634338, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "famine prevention and\ndrought response", - "confidence": 0.8063033223152161, - "start": 171, - "end": 176 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Food Security and Nutrition\nAnalysis Unit", - "confidence": 0.6216129064559937, - "start": 190, - "end": 196 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7519341111183167, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "integrated surveys", - "confidence": 0.7197638154029846, - "start": 186, - "end": 188 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit", - "confidence": 0.8112280368804932, - "start": 23, - "end": 29 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9105338454246521, - "start": 30, - "end": 31 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5048689842224121, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8254959583282471, - "start": 3, - "end": 4 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IPC acute malnutrition analysis", - "confidence": 0.7767331004142761, - "start": 209, - "end": 213 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5108537673950195, - "start": 202, - "end": 203 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Monitoring Figures** - January to September 2022\n\n\n**4,459**\nReported protection incidents _(PRMN)_\n\n\n**3,733**\nCivilians Killed in **2,160** events of violence _(ACLED)_\n\n\n**1,405,000**\nPeople Internally Displaced _(PRMN)_\n\n**926,000** individuals displaced as a result of the **drought**\n**467,000** individuals displaced due to **conflict, violence**\n**and/or insecurity**\n\n\n**125,919**\nPeople forcibly evicted _(Eviction Information Portal)_\n\n\n5 [Protection and Return Monitoring Network (PRMN), Sept 2022](https://unhcr.github.io/dataviz-somalia-prmn/index.html#reason=&month=&need=&pregion=&pdistrictmap=&cregion=&cdistrictmap=&year=2022)\n6 [Eviction Information Portal, HPL AoR Sept 2022](https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/)\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n**Large Scale Displacement**\n\n\nDuring January to September 2022, a total of **1,405,000** individuals\nwere displaced across Somalia. [5] Of these, a total of **926,000**\nindividuals were displaced as a result of the ongoing **severe drought**,\nwhile **467,000** were displaced due to **conflict and insecurity** . In\naddition, forced eviction continues to represent a cyclical protection\nconcern with a total of **125,919** **forced evictions** recorded during this\nsame period, **80%** of these in the Banadir region. [6]\n\n\nThis situation is added to an already entrenched and protracted\ndisplacement crisis. The Somalia National Bureau of Statistics\nestimates that there are currently a total of **2,967,500** **internally**\n**displaced persons** across the country. Of these, approximately 2\nmillion IDPs reside within Banadir, Hirshabelle, Galmudug, Jubaland,\nand Southwest State. [7] In addition, Somalia further hosts a total of\n14,968 registered refugees as well as 18,143 asylum seekers, of which\n70% are women and children. The majority of these reside within\nWoqooyi Galbeed region of Somaliland, and Bari region in Puntland. [8]\n\n\n**Conflict, Violence & Insecurity**\n\n\nThe security situation from January to September 2022 has remained\nprecarious, with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAG) seizing\nopportunities to target soldiers from the Somalia National Army\n(SNA), African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) forces, as\nwell as government personnel and prominent political figures.\n\n\nCivilians have also been both directly and indirectly affected by\nindiscriminate physical attacks, clashes and/or use of explosions by\nNSAG. As of September 2022, a total of **2,160 events of violence**\nhave been reported in Somalia and Somaliland during the course of\nthe year through the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project\n\n\n7 Somalia National Bureau of Statistics, 2022\n8 Somalia Registered Refugees and Asylum Seekers, UNHCR Somalia\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Monitoring Figures", - "confidence": 0.9763418436050415, - "start": 2, - "end": 4 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRMN", - "confidence": 0.9830410480499268, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.7674759030342102, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9740657210350037, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia National Bureau of Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6478849053382874, - "start": 322, - "end": 327 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8160322904586792, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5643065571784973, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project", - "confidence": 0.9535149931907654, - "start": 556, - "end": 563 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Somalia National Bureau of Statistics", - "confidence": 0.6865971684455872, - "start": 564, - "end": 569 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia and Somaliland", - "confidence": 0.935231626033783, - "start": 545, - "end": 548 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9769138693809509, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Registered Refugees and Asylum Seekers", - "confidence": 0.722077488899231, - "start": 572, - "end": 578 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.5869348049163818, - "start": 471, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6449655294418335, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "(ACLED), leading to a total of **3,733 persons killed** across the\ncountry. [9] These events have included targeted violence against\ncivilians, battles and armed clashes, as well as explosions and/or\nremote violence.\n\n\nAdditionally, **inter-clan conflicts** at local district and regional levels,\nstemming from social injustice, clan-based identity, poverty, as well\nas resource scarcity, have continued to be a major driver of violence\nand insecurity throughout the country.\n\n\n**Political Stressors**\n\n\nDelay in the 2021/2022 Somali national elections spawned tense and\nfragile relations between the President and the Prime Minister, with\nperceived manipulations of the election outcomes contributing to\npolitical uncertainty and fear of election-related violence. Despite\nthese challenges and reports of a non-transparent electoral process,\npresidential elections were held on the 15 [th] of May 2022.\n\n\nIn Somaliland, however, postponement of the presidential elections\noriginally planned for November 2022 sparked the breakout of\ndeadly protests, with government forces accused of using excessive\nforce to quell the demonstrations. Such election-related disputes\nbetween government and opposition parties continue to pose a\nsignificant risk of violence against civilians unless a consensus on the\nway forward is achieved.\n\n\n**Weak Protective Environment**\n\n\nThe protection environment in Somalia is characterized by lack of\nbasic services and challenges around access for people in need. The\nlegal and policy frameworks in place are stalled by weak judicial and\nlaw enforcement institutions. This is coupled with an overall weak\npublic awareness on rights exacerbated by displacement and\n\n\n9 [Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), Sept 2022](https://acleddata.com/dashboard/#/dashboard)\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nstructural discrimination based on gender, ability, as well as clan\naffiliation.\n\n\n**Limited Humanitarian Access**\n\n\nHumanitarian access continues to present significant challenges,\nmainly as a result of ongoing conflict and insecurity, affecting the\nsafety of humanitarian workers and their ability to help people in\nneed. In a continuing trend, the highest number of access-related\nincidents continued to be focused in Galmudug, Hirshabelle and\nSouth-West States. Approximately **900,000 people** live in areas\ncontrolled by Non-State Armed Groups, with serious access\nchallenges that hinder humanitarian reach.\n\n\n**3.** **PRIORITY PROTECTION RISKS**\n\n\n**RISK 1: Systematic Protection Risks & Violations**\n\n\nWithin this crisis context, protection risks in Somalia continue to be\nintrinsically related to increased levels of vulnerability and exposure\nto violations, intensification of negative coping mechanisms, as well\nas increasingly weakened socio-economic community support\nstructures.\n\n\nDuring 2022, the **Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS)** has\nrevealed an upward trend on protection risks and violations, with the\nidentification of the following top reported risks: [10]\n\n\n - **Female Genital Mutilation** - Similarly to previous years, FMG\ncontinues to be the highest and consistently reported human\nrights violation recorded through SPMS **(37%)** . FGM in Somalia\n\n\n10 Somalia Protection Monitoring System (SPMS), Sept 2022\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Monitoring System", - "confidence": 0.9998301267623901, - "start": 496, - "end": 500 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "protection risks and violations", - "confidence": 0.7743719816207886, - "start": 511, - "end": 515 - }, - "data_type": { - "text": "System", - "confidence": 0.6046257615089417, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SPMS", - "confidence": 0.9674204587936401, - "start": 501, - "end": 502 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9996600151062012, - "start": 458, - "end": 459 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9376184940338135, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9752516150474548, - "start": 491, - "end": 492 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "is a largely culturally-accepted social practice, with\ndisagreement within the wider community of its basis within\nIslam. While there are segments of the population who disagree\nwith the practice, inspiring a change extensive enough to\ncounter long-held beliefs continues to require long-term\nstrategies and coordinated efforts.\n\n\n- **Sexual Assault and Violence** - Sexual assault and violence is the\nhighest non culturally-accepted violation reported through\nSPMS **(30%)** . The incident-based Protection & Return\nMonitoring Network (PRMN) corroborates the trend, identifying\nSexual and Gender-Based Violence as the highest-reported\nprotection violation. In the context of the current humanitarian\nresponse and the large-scale displacement resulting as a direct\nconsequence of the drought and conflict, reported incidents of\nrape, attempted rape, sexual assault, and harassment have\nbeen on the rise, particularly among IDP communities.\n\n\nMany shelter solutions of IDP communities are currently\nmakeshift and provide inadequate protection or security from\ninvasion. Lack of lighting on routes leading to water collection\nor firewood points is reported as a risk factor enabling attacks.\nLack of segregation of latrines/hygiene facilities in sites (where\nin place) as well as no locks is also reported as a risk factor. It is\nimportant to note that GBV incidents remain highly\nunderreported, as women often fear repercussions in a context\nof impunity for perpetrators.\n\n\n- **Family Separation** - Family Separation has been reported\nthrough SPMS as both a voluntary coping mechanism as well as\nan involuntarily one during situations of internal displacement\n**(28%)** . As a consequence of both conflict and drought, some\nfamilies have opted to send their children to relatives in less\naffected areas or decided to leave family members behind \u2013\neither to maintain scarce sources of livelihood, or because of\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nage, disease, or limited mobility prevent them from undertaking\nthe displacement journey.\n\n\n- **Violence, abuse, extortion and/or exclusion in aid delivery** Current high needs, a markedly slow humanitarian response, as\nwell as needs outpacing available resources, have added\nsignificant stress to internally displaced communities as well as\nthose remaining in affected areas. Violence and/or abuse during\nassistance delivery has been widely reported through SPMS\n**(25%)**, particularly affecting IDPs and predominantly stemmed\nfrom exclusion from beneficiary lists along clan affiliation lines\n(53%), primarily in cases of cash-based assistance (62%).\nPersons with minority-clan affiliations are reported as the most\naffected population group (23%), followed by women (11%). In\naddition, women and adolescent girls are reported as the\npopulation group most affected by extortion in aid delivery\n(23%). The type of extortion relates primarily to bribes to be\nincluded in beneficiary lists (79%), followed by exchange of\nsexual favors (36%).\n\n\n- **Exclusion of Persons with Minority-Clan Affiliations** - While\nmost Somalis are affected by the current crisis, populations with\nminority-clan affiliations are disproportionately affected and\nbear the greatest brunt. This is the result of existing and\nentrenched discriminatory practices and social norms around\nclan-based identity and associated hierarchical power dynamics,\ndirectly being reflected in systematic exclusion from\nhumanitarian assistance. Discriminatory practices against\npopulations with minority clan affiliations within the\nhumanitarian response include exclusion from beneficiary lists\nand being allocated less favorable slots in existing IDP sites (e.g.\nnext to latrines or waste dumping sites). Disadvantages faced by\nthese groups also involve lack of clan protection systems as well\nas limited diaspora support structures, in comparison to\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "majority clan groups. For similar reasons, there are concerns of\nthe effect of the drought on refugees and asylum seekers\nspecifically in Puntland and Somaliland and risks of exclusion\nfrom assistance.\n\n\n - **Limited and/or Obstructed Access to Justice and Legal**\n**Structures** - Effective and principled programming and\noperations of both national Civil Society Organizations and\ninternational NGOs are currently hindered by a lack of an\neffective legal, regulatory, and institutional framework across all\nregions of Somalia. This also directly affects Somali\ncommunities, reporting lack of access to duty bearers as a main\nprotection concern through SPMS **(25%)**, particularly for cases\nof survivors seeking redress for sexual violence and abuse. Legal\nprocedures are assessed to be outdated and inefficient \u2013 relying\non handwritten notes that are maintained and stored\nirregularly. Customary law and alternative dispute resolution\nmechanisms are further weakened by displacement, with IDPs\nrecurrently reporting their inability to access duty-bearers to\nsubmit complaints or seek redress.\n\n\n**RISK 2: Child Protection Risks**\n\n\nExisting vulnerabilities of children and families are exacerbated\nduring situations of drought or famine, particularly in conflict\naffected locations like Somalia. Children\u2019s rights and wellbeing are\noften disastrously affected when families are forced to make difficult\ndecisions about survival. Children drop out of school to search for\nfood, may be forced into marriages or hazardous child labour, face\nincreased levels of physical and sexual abuse, are at greater\nlikelihood of abduction and trafficking, or are left behind or alone by\nparents who are searching for food.\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n**Children on the Move**\n\n\nChildren on the move in Somalia are at high-risk of abuse and\nexploitation. The displacement is increasing the risk of intercommunal conflict, as well as heightening pressure on already limited\nbasic services. Some have migrated to near-by towns, joining existing\ncamps for internally displaced people, while others have crossed\nborders seeking support or traversed dangerous distances controlled\nby armed groups and contaminated with explosives in search of work\nor humanitarian assistance and protection.\n\n\nOlder boys and girls, particularly those on the move, are continuously\ntargeted for recruitment and use by armed forces and groups.\nAnecdotal evidence from assessments conducted in Southwest State\nindicates an increase in child recruitment by Non-State Armed\nGroups (NSAG) during the last months. Similarly, newly displaced\npopulations in Galmudug State fear returning to their original places\nin the near future due to fear that their children could be taken by\nthe NSAG. IDPs are at risk of eviction at any time as they have settled\nin private lands without formal land tenure agreements, and in this\ncontext, children without parental care risk being exploited or rights\ndenied.\n\n\n**UASC & Family Separation**\n\n\nAccording to data gathered by the Somalia CCCM Cluster, 40% of the\nnew IDP sites have children not living with their caregivers. The actual\ncase number of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) is\ncurrently not readily available. However, in locations where case\nmanagement systems are operational such as in Banadir, child\nprotection agencies have recorded an 81% increase in UASC,\ncompared to the same period in 2021. A total of 98% of separated\nfamilies cited increased disappearance of children/caregivers in the\nimmediate aftermath of the emergency as the main cause of family\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessments", - "confidence": 0.9510585069656372, - "start": 420, - "end": 421 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southwest State", - "confidence": 0.972230851650238, - "start": 423, - "end": 425 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UASC", - "confidence": 0.5303230881690979, - "start": 514, - "end": 515 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.848691463470459, - "start": 526, - "end": 527 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5041986703872681, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6503280997276306, - "start": 596, - "end": 597 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.6594386100769043, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "family\n\n\n8", - "confidence": 0.569451093673706, - "start": 625, - "end": 627 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.8939791917800903, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "separations. Girls between ages 6-14 are more likely to be\nunaccompanied than boys.\n\n\nOverall, 40% of the assessed communities indicate that separation of\nchildren from families as well as child neglect has significantly\nincreased compared to the same period last year. Children not living\nwith primary caregivers or not in any protective environment are at\nheightened risk to all forms of abuse, exploitation, violence and\nneglect. Lack of protection, especially for UASC, increases risk of\nrecruitment into armed groups, sexual violence, neglect,\nexploitation, and other forms of abuse. In some locations,\ncommunities have cited threats of forceful recruitment of children\ninto armed groups, while in other locations, both voluntary and\ninvoluntary child recruitment into armed groups has also increased.\n\n\n**Violence, Exploitation and Abuse against Children**\n\n\nIn the current context of the drought emergency, the lack of water,\nfood insecurity and negative coping mechanisms for survival of\naffected communities imposes higher protection risks to both\nchildren and their caregivers. For girls and women, including those\nwith disabilities, the threat of GBV including sexual violence (rape and\nexploitation) and intimate partner violence has soared. In\nSomaliland, Hirshebelle and Galmudug States, child marriage has also\nbeen reported to be on the rise, with families marrying-off young girls\nto lessen demands on their own resources and potentially get money\nthat they can use for food and other necessities. The risk of preexisting gender inequality and violence such as female genital\nmutilation will also be exacerbated as more children risk being forced\ninto marriages at an early age. The key drivers are mainly economic\ndue to poverty and loss of income, and lack of information and\nawareness on the consequences of female genital mutilation.\n\n\n11 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), No. 182.\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n**Child Labor**\n\n\nDuring assessments led by the CP AoR and its partners, 70% of\nrespondents indicated that children are involved in child labour and\nthe worst forms of child labor in accordance with the Worst Forms of\nChild Labour Convention. [11] Children affected by the drought and\nconflict crisis currently face exploitation, especially those displaced,\nfrom minority clans and those living close to areas controlled by nonstate actors.\n\n\nSince the drought hit the country, children are being pressured into\nchild labor to support their families, while others are voluntarily\nopting to work to support themselves and families. If unaddressed,\nhundreds of thousands of children are at risk of dropping out of\nschool or not returning to school at all. The Somalia Education Cluster\nestimates that **2.4 million** school-aged children have already been\naffected by the drought, while **720,000** of girls and boys who were\nenrolled in schools in 2021/22 are currently at risk of not returning to\nclass. Somali girls face a higher risk of drop-out than boys, as families\nin the most drought-affected communities have stopped sending\ntheir children, particularly girls, to school, while others have chosen\nto prioritize education for boys over girls as they cannot afford school\nfees. Children who have been forced into work, or had their\nhousehold chores substantially increased, are also at an alarming risk\nof exploitation.\n\n\nFindings from child protection assessments conducted by the CP AoR\nand its partners found that 88% of respondents indicated that\nchildren are currently engaged in hazardous work outside their\nhomes. Most frequent types of child labour reported can be found in\nthe table above.\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessed communities", - "confidence": 0.8713072538375854, - "start": 21, - "end": 23 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.6552515625953674, - "start": 43, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "child protection assessments", - "confidence": 0.993605375289917, - "start": 614, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CP AoR", - "confidence": 0.7948662042617798, - "start": 620, - "end": 622 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8768146634101868, - "start": 485, - "end": 486 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021/22", - "confidence": 0.8336136341094971, - "start": 526, - "end": 529 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Mental Health & Psychosocial Distress**\n\n\nMental health and psychosocial distress continue to impact children\naffected by the drought in Somalia. Children face enormous\npsychological challenges as they battle hunger, uncertainty, and\noverwhelming levels of stress. Children are exhibiting symptoms of\nanxiety, stress and depression due to disruption of their normal\nroutine, lack of food and a sense of hopelessness.\n\n\nIn an assessment conducted by the CP AoR in Southwest State, child\nprotection actors reported changes in the behavior of children in\ntheir communities since the beginning of the drought, with more\nthan half saying children had become \u201cmore aggressive\u201d. Many\nchildren have been deprived of access to enough food, adequate\nwater, shelter, proper sanitation, or healthcare. In many cases,\nfamilies have had to neglect their children for long periods of time,\nsometimes to be separated from their families or one or more of their\nparents.\n\n\nAvenues to help deal with this stress for children, such as child\nfriendly spaces and schools, have either been closed or\noverstretched. The breakdown of children\u2019s routines and structures,\nthe inability to go to school and spend time with their peer groups,\nthe lack of opportunities to play and be children in a safe place, all\nfurther exacerbate the impact of the drought emergency and\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nongoing conflict on their mental health. The CP AoR revised drought\ntarget is at 962,500 in which 65% is targeting MHPSS and so far the\nCP AoR has reached 6% of the total target for the drought response.\n\n\nThe lack of MHPSS services in most locations is also a major\nchallenge. In an assessment conducted in Southwest State among\nover 600 households, 67% reported having no availability of MHPSS\nservices. Mental health and psychosocial support stand as one of the\nmost urgent needs for displaced children.\n\n\n**Denial and/or Inability to Access Existing Services**\n\n\nA total of 64% of key informant interviews indicated that not all\nchildren have equal access to services such as livelihood support,\nHealth, Shelter, WASH, education, cash and food assistance \u2013\ndepending on their gender, age, as well as different clan, ethnic and\nreligious affiliations. In addition, 23 % of respondents reported that\nchildren with disabilities are less likely to access services that other\nchildren. In some locations, ethnicity determines access while in\nothers, clan affiliation is often used by community members to deny\naccess to services to those belonging to minority clans. A further 11%\nof the respondents also indicated transactional sex and exploitation\nas a predominant factor children\u2019s ability to access services.\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9710513949394226, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.5865603089332581, - "start": 72, - "end": 73 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "CP AoR", - "confidence": 0.9489117860794067, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southwest State", - "confidence": 0.9728286266326904, - "start": 79, - "end": 81 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "child\nprotection actors", - "confidence": 0.868655264377594, - "start": 82, - "end": 85 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.820667564868927, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8696936368942261, - "start": 317, - "end": 318 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Southwest State", - "confidence": 0.9926672577857971, - "start": 320, - "end": 322 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "households", - "confidence": 0.9021372199058533, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Where services are available, including protection services, 63% of\nthe respondents indicated that girls and boys feel comfortable\naccessing these services by themselves, while 43% respondents\nindicated children need to be accompanied to the services/service\nproviders.\n\n\n**RISK 3 \u2013 Sexual Violence and Intimate Partner Violence**\n\n\n**Impact of the Drought**\n\n\nThe less than average rainfalls in the second quarter of 2022, has\nresulted in crop failure and the death of livestock, severely impacting\nhousehold income. Subsequently, this affects the ability of heads of\nhouseholds, typically male, to fulfill traditional responsibilities of\nprimary provision for families, and increases the burden of providing\neconomic support by women and adolescent girls, in addition to their\nexisting care-taking responsibilities. Female subsistence farmers are\nsimilarly affected by loss of crops and failed harvests. Nomadic\ncommunities are compelled or forced to travel long distances in\nsearch of fodder for livestock, oftentimes leaving behind their\nspouses to cater for family needs.\n\n\nThis increases the vulnerability of female headed households,\nincluding widows, women from minority clans and those living with\ndisabilities, as they struggle to cope with rising food prices, water\nscarcity, discriminatory social cultural norms and practices that\nendanger the lives of women and girls and compromise their\nwellbeing, status, personal security, and health.\n\n\n**Sexual Abuse, Exploitation & Intimate Partner Violence**\n\n\nSexual abuse and exploitation, rape and intimate partner violence\n(IPV) are continuously increasing amidst the prevailing drought,\nespecially in Bakool, Bay, Banadir, Galgaduud,Gedo, Hiraan, Lower\nJuba, Middle Juba, Mudug, Nugaal, Sool and Togdheer regions of\nSomalia and Somaliland. Displaced women and girls are at risk of\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nbeing raped, oftentimes resulting in unwanted pregnancies.\nSurvivors of rape and children born out of rape are stigmatized and\nostracized in Somali societies, causing severe psychosocial harm.\nIncreasing levels of IPV are recorded across Somalia, due to tensions\nover scarce family resources. In addition, men are reportedly refusing\nto use birth spacing methods, despite the ongoing humanitarian\nemergency, resulting in worsening conditions of women, newborns,\nand families.\n\n\nIn addition, the GBVIMS report for the second quarter of 2022\nshowed that 14% of women and girls who reported GBV cases have\nbeen raped compared with 12% in the first quarter of 2022. In\naddition, 60% of the reported cases (mainly women) have been\nsubjected to Intimate Partner Violence in the second quarter of 2022,\ncompared to 51% in the first quarter. The increase is attributed to\nworsening drought conditions in regions and states across Somalia,\nand its resulting impact at household level and on gender power\ndynamics.\n\n\n**Ongoing Protection Risks & Trends**\n\n\nThe GBV AoR protection analysis as well as GBVIMS highlight how\nwomen and girls are disproportionately affected by GBV due to\nprevailing drought, deeply rooted harmful social norms, gender\ninequalities and unequal power relations. The assessment led by the\nGBV AoR was able to provide further insights on ongoing protection\nrisks and trends.\n\n\nRespondents (32% female, 68% male) reported knowledge of areas\nwhere women and girls feel unsafe. Half of the respondents informed\nthat they were aware of individuals or groups that make women and\ngirls feel unsafe. Therefore, engagement with all community\nmembers is crucial in order to determine and implement measures\nfor prevention of GBV in the camps and communities.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS report", - "confidence": 0.9663166999816895, - "start": 415, - "end": 417 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.5331127643585205, - "start": 416, - "end": 417 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.9217080473899841, - "start": 305, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9948916435241699, - "start": 331, - "end": 332 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "second quarter of 2022", - "confidence": 0.5628043413162231, - "start": 471, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "women and girls", - "confidence": 0.7052756547927856, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reported cases", - "confidence": 0.5848670601844788, - "start": 456, - "end": 458 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV AoR", - "confidence": 0.7658683657646179, - "start": 523, - "end": 525 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6572370529174805, - "start": 498, - "end": 499 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6994248628616333, - "start": 474, - "end": 475 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.7545443773269653, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV AoR protection analysis", - "confidence": 0.5228772759437561, - "start": 523, - "end": 527 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "GBV AoR", - "confidence": 0.6981953382492065, - "start": 523, - "end": 525 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.7929908037185669, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.5880801677703857, - "start": 603, - "end": 604 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "camps and communities", - "confidence": 0.7897546291351318, - "start": 643, - "end": 646 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The analysis indicated that women and girls from minority clans and\nwomen and girls living with disabilities are at increased risk of GBV.\nThey are at higher risk of violence due to stigma, discrimination, and\nweak social protection. Women and girls from minority clans were\nalso vulnerable to Prioritizing the specific needs of women and girls\nfrom minority clans and living with disabilities is crucial, to enhance\ntheir protective environment.\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nRespondents noted that over half of the women and girls feel less\nsafe since the onset of the drought. Similarly, 80% of the respondents\nnoted an increase in reports of violence against girls and women\nsince the crisis/emergency occurred. The effects of drought\nexacerbated by the protracted conflict expose women and girls to\nGBV, who are already at increased risk of GBV in normal settings. The\nsafety of all community members in emergencies is paramount. It is\ncrucial for GBV stakeholders to determine measures that jeopardize\nthe safety of women and girls in emergencies to scale up\ninterventions that will enhance their safety. Majority of the\nrespondents reported an increase of Intimate Partner Violence\nincidents affecting women and girls. IPV disproportionately affects\nfemales due to gender inequalities which may increase in\nemergencies due to stress arising from the reduced or limited income\nfor household needs.\n\n\nMost of the respondents highlighted IPV as the greatest GBV risk\nwomen face in camps or the community at 24%, followed by sexual\nviolence out of the home or in the community at 22%, FGM/C at 19%\nand sexual violence in the family in and outside home at 16%. IPV\nimpacts negatively on the health and well-being of survivors in the\nimmediate and longer term. Survivors often resort to the traditional\njustice system which, although helpful in resolving some issues, may\nnot be effective in addressing GBV incidents due to gender\ninequalities and power imbalance. It is crucial for GBV stakeholders\nto scale up community engagement and advocacy on positive ways\nof coping with stress and scale up awareness raising against cultural\nacceptance of IPV.\n\n\nMajority of the respondents identified FGM/C as the greatest risk\nthat girls are exposed to at 29%, followed by sexual violence inside\nand outside camps and communities at 26% and 23% respectively\nand sexual violence in the family at 17%. The data highlights that\napproximately 98% of Somali women and girls have undergone\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nFGM/C. GBV service providers provide prevention or protection\nservices and care related services for survivors of FGM/C.\nEngagement of all stakeholders such as religious leaders are vital to\nachieve the long-term goal of social norm change on harmful\ntraditional practices.\n\n\nMajority of the respondents identified FGM/C as the greatest risk\nthat girls are exposed to at 29%, followed by sexual violence inside\nand outside camps and communities at 26% and 23% respectively\nand sexual violence in the family at 17%. The data highlights that\napproximately 98% of Somali women and girls have undergone\nFGM/C. GBV service providers provide prevention or protection\nservices and care related services for survivors of FGM/C.\nEngagement of all stakeholders such as religious leaders are vital to\nachieve the long-term goal of social norm change on harmful\ntraditional practices.\n\n\n**Access & Availability of Services**\n\n\nPsychosocial support (PSS) is the most available and accessible\nservice in the camps/communities integrated in the case\nmanagement process due to the demand of the service. The services\nrange from basic emotional support, psychosocial first aid (PFA) and\nspecialized PSS. Continuous training and re-training of case\nworkers/social workers on PFA is critical, given that they are the first\npoint of contact for the survivors reporting GBV. This will enhance\nthe quality of care in line with the guiding principles, facilitate healing\nand recovery.\n\n\nIn relation to distance to service centers, 39% of the respondents\nnoted that the services are over three kilometers, compared to a\nthird that noted the services are within one kilometer from the\ncamp/community. In addition, 36% of the respondents noted that\navailable GBV services are accessible daily, compared to 32% noted\nthat the services are accessible five days weekly. Additional 32%\n\n\n13\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "reported that there were no GBV service centers in their respective\nareas. Updated referral pathways are needed to improve information\non availability of services to survivors at the short-term while efforts\nto increase GBV centers in communities that are within reach to IDP\ncamps are important in the long run.\n\n\nA third of the respondents highlighted fear of violence as the obstacle\nthat prevents women/adolescent girls from accessing services in the\ncamp and surrounding communities, followed by challenges with\ntransportation or distance at 29%. A further 17% of the respondents\nnoted financial constraints related to fees for the services while 10%\nnoted lack of time to seek services. Access to timely and safe services\nin line with GBV guiding principles is crucial in order to facilitate\nhealing and recovery of GBV survivors. Addressing the barriers is\nnecessary in order to enhance access to timely and safe services for\nsurvivors, for example, subsidized services.\n\n\nDaynille in Banadir region recorded the highest in terms of\npercentage of respondents that confirmed the presence and\nimplementation of activities at 24%, followed by Baidoa, Afgooye and\nJowhar at 20%. This is correlated with the needs and population in\nthe districts, thus the higher the needs, the higher the availability of\nservices. Majority of the areas affected by drought have gaps in\nservices due to increased needs, thus the need for scale up of time\ncritical, lifesaving GBV services for survivors.\n\n\n**RISK 4: Forced Eviction**\n\n\n**Country-Specific Contextual Framework**\n\n\nThe huge scale of forced evictions in Somalia is widely acknowledged,\nand the various causes and impacts of evictions have been identified.\nForced evictions constitute a growing problem in Somalia, on such a\nscale that it could be described as an epidemic. They have had\ncatastrophic consequences for millions of affected individuals,\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nfamilies and communities, including physical and mental trauma,\nhomelessness, loss of wealth and assets, loss of jobs, loss of access to\nhealth, education and other services, and destruction of family and\nsurvival networks. Forced evictions in Somalia are caused by a\nnumber of factors, including: illegal occupation and squatting, land\ngrabs, development and infrastructure projects, urban\nredevelopment, property market forces often supported by state\nintervention, contested and multiple claims and natural hazards e.g.\nflood risk, potential flooding, and drought or famine.\n\n\nIt is important to note that international human rights law on forced\nevictions clearly states that these amount to gross violations of\nhuman rights. They also run counter to the Sustainable Development\nGoals which aims to achieve significant improvement in the lives of\nmillions of people including ending poverty et al. Most notable of the\napplicable international standards are General Comment No. 4 on\nthe Right to Adequate Housing and General Comment No. 7 on\nForced Evictions, adopted by the UN Committee on Economic, Social\nand Cultural Rights in 1991 and 1997, respectively.\n\n\nGeneral Comment No. 4 defines the right to adequate housing and\ndeclares that forced eviction is prima facie incompatible with that\nright. General Comment No. 7 affirms that forced evictions violate\nthe International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,\nindicating that \u201cthe State itself must refrain from forced evictions and\nensure that the law is enforced against its agents or third parties who\ncarry out forced evictions\u201d. It further states that \u201cEvictions should not\nresult in individuals being rendered homeless or vulnerable to the\nviolation of other human rights\u201d and prescribes procedural\nprotective mechanisms for evictees in those exceptional cases where\neviction is unavoidable.\n\n\nForced evictions are also proscribed in several other human rights\ntreaties adopted at the international and regional levels, including\nthe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights et al. Furthermore, the\nUN Commission on Human Rights has affirmed that forced evictions\nconstitute gross violations of human rights. However, there has yet\nto be a concerted and comprehensive effort to fully implement the\nright of protection against forced eviction in Somalia and thereby\nmake them a reality.\n\n\n**Prevalence of Evictions**\n\n\nFrom January to August 2022, a total of **125,919** **individuals were**\n**forcefully evicted** in Somalia. Despite this high number of evictions\nrecorded, there were an additional **109,650 individuals protected**\nfrom forced evictions through preventive engagement during this\nsame time period. [12] Banadir region remains a hotspot for evictions in\nSomalia, with **80.2%** of all cases, with Daynile and Kaxda as high-risk\nlocations.\n\n\nA recent analysis on what happens to HLP assets after evictions\nindicates that 89% of evictions recorded in Somalia were carried out\nby private landlords due to owner-driven development, while 11%\nwere carried out by the state for government-led development. It\nfurther indicates that 58% of the IDP sites have created\ndevelopments with new houses, buildings, roads, or shops\nconstructed on the land. Out of this total, 56 IDP sites reported that\nnew IDP households had settled on the same land post eviction. In\nsome of the sites, a number of landowners constructed new shelters\nfor rent, while in other sites the newly settled IDP households were\npaying higher rental fees.\n\n\nIn Mogadishu alone, the humanitarian sector has lost $2,196,500 in\ninfrastructure and investments as a result of forced evictions, and\n\n\n12\nFor additional information on evictions in Somalia _,_ please visit the Eviction Portal:\n[https://evictions.nrcsystems.net/index.php.](https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fevictions.nrcsystems.net%2findex.php&c=E,1,PvXfE53ZaOkG6JjuSeOZLcXiWUK7clIeUulq0YczqdjaUlvdg4YwZIdAIZMq7PCS_vrd5jNeXuq_2O5holvQ1CSRLGEcqtf1hGMp59Lp3k5GoQ,,&typo=1)\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nthis is mainly attributed to insecure land tenure between January and\nJune 2022. This undermined access to critical essential services and\nlifesaving interventions such as water, sanitation, nutrition, health,\nhousing and education among others.\n\n\n**Impact of the Drought**\n\n\nWith the onset and worsening of the drought throughout 2022,\nchallenges confronting displaced communities in Somalia have\ncontinued to increase. The most severe and acute HLP needs remain\nconcentrated in areas affected by drought and locations hosting large\nnumbers of IDPs and returnees. Newly-drought displaced households\nare joining existing IDP settlements as a coping mechanism with\nunclear tenure arrangements, putting them at further risk of forced\nevictions. The violation of HLP rights, in the form of forced evictions,\nremains a major negative factor affecting the overall protective\nenvironment for newly drought-displaced populations, thereby\nperpetuating social marginalisation. [13 ] Moreover, the majority of\nthose displaced are elderly, children and women, including pregnant\nand lactating mothers. The lack of proper shelter and privacy in\novercrowded IDP settlements has exposed women and children to\nprotection risks such as gender-based violence including rape and\nphysical assaults. The pressure on limited resources as well has\ncontinued to contribute to rising tensions, conflicts and land disputes\nin the existing IDP settlements and affected communities.\n\n\n**Current Gaps & Challenges**\n\n\nHousing, land and property concerns linked to forced evictions relate\nmainly to damage/destruction of land or property, lack of\ndocuments, rental problems and disputed ownership. The HLP AoR\n\n\n13\nNRC, UN-Habitat, & Somalia Protection Cluster. (2018). Back to Square One. Available at:\n\n\nhttps://www.nrc.no/globalassets/ pdf/reports/somalia/back-to-square-one-28postevictionassessment-in-somalia29.pdf\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "conducted an assessment to identify main challenges in the response\nto forced evictions in Somalia. Respondents were 32% female and\n68% male, and were drawn from several organizations; 80% from\nnational NGOs, 12% civil society and 8% international NGOs. The\nrespondents held various positions in these organizations; 40% were\nmanagers, 28% Heads of Program, 24% field staff and 8% as directors.\nThe majority of HLP partners cover districts in Mogadishu, Afgooye,\nBaidoa, and Jowhar.\n\n\nIdentified existing challenges included limited funding, weak legal\nand policy framework, insecure land tenure, limited access to\neviction prone locations, politicization of eviction response, limited\ncapacity of staff to respond, duplication of initiatives and a nonfunctional land registry. HLP partners also agreed that the focus of\nsupport towards addressing these issues should include; training on\nHLP and evictions (25%), Advocacy (25%), fundraising and resource\nmobilization (19 %), development of HLP specific resources such as\ntools and templates (18%), joint analyses (12%) and others (1%).\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nThe impact of forced evictions on displacement affected\ncommunities in Somalia is tremendous and long-lasting, frequently\naggravated by other HLP violations, and continues to put to waste\nhumanitarian investments. The sense of being unable to escape\nforced evictions, combined with the impact of several years of\nconflict and instability, has also eroded their sense of hope and\nresilience in Somalia, further exacerbating the displacement\nsituation.\n\n\n**RISK 4: Impact of Explosive Hazards**\n\n\nSomalia has been affected by armed conflict for almost four decades,\nwhich has resulted in widespread contamination with explosive\nordnance; including explosive remnants of war (ERW), landmines and\nimprovised explosive devices (IEDs). With the conflict in Somalia still\nongoing, explosive ordnance contamination is prevalent even in\nlocations where productive livelihood activities are being carried out,\nsuch as pasturelands, agricultural farmlands, and access routes.\n\n\nAs of August 2022, the extent of contamination includes\n**120** confirmed minefields covering up to 60 sq km, another **77**\nsuspected hazardous areas, as well as **19** battle areas reported.\nAdditionally, the increased use of improvised explosive devices has\nresulted in **422 casualties** between January and August 2022, while\nexplosive remnants of war and landmines have caused **30** casualties.\nDespite the primary target of IEDs being security forces, the civilian\npopulation accounted for 50% of the total number of IED casualties\nperpetrated by anti-government armed elements in Somalia, over\nthe same period.\n\n\nApart from civilians being the more vulnerable to the impact of\nexplosive ordnance when compared to security forces, children\nrepresent the most vulnerable group in the context of explosive\nremnants of war accidents. The proportion of children being affected\nhas been on the rise, accounting for more than 80% of the total\n\n\n16\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.7959276437759399, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.8656069040298462, - "start": 14, - "end": 15 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Respondents", - "confidence": 0.9340234994888306, - "start": 16, - "end": 17 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "casualties. The explosive ordnance contamination also poses threats\nto the safety of vulnerable and conflict-affected groups such as IDPs\nand returnees, as well as nomadic communities, given the mobility of\nsuch groups as they traverse vast terrains in search of suitable\nsettlements.\n\n\nThe use of improvised explosive devices threatens the safety of the\ncivilian population and that of humanitarian and stabilization\npartners, as well as aggravating the humanitarian situation where the\nsafe access and delivery of humanitarian aid is impeded. The\npresence of confirmed and suspected hazardous areas is known to\ncause psychological distress, block access to productive resources\nand impede the development of infrastructure. Similarly, victims and\nsurvivors with physical disability resulting from explosive ordnance\nendure limited participation in day-to-day life and socio-economic\nactivities, besides introducing a heavy financial burden upon the\ncaretakers for medical care and support, in particular by female\nfamily members.\n\n\nFollowing the prevailing drought that has significantly impacted\nfamilies across the country, the number of displacements has\nincreased, including among communities living in known hazardous\nareas, or migrations occurring into contaminated areas, thereby\nexposing these drought-affected communities to the secondary risk\nposed by explosive ordnance. The limited levels of awareness of the\nrisks posed, coupled with the limited knowledge of likely hazardous\nareas and the patterns of explosive ordnance accidents, the explosive\nhazard contamination further endangers lives and restricts the\nmovements of the population.\n\n\n**Geographical Prevalence**\n\n\nAbout 80% of the known minefields (confirmed hazardous areas) in\nSomalia are located in the districts of Baladweyn (51) Elberde (25)\nand Abudwaq (20); in Hirshabelle SouthWest and Galmudug states,\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nrespectively, making them the most mine-affected districts in the\ncountry. While about 53% of suspected hazardous areas are\ncollectively located in Baidoa, Hudur and Elberde districts of\nSouthwest State, 37% of these are in Galmudug State alone.\n\n\nBetween January and August 2022, up to 60% of landmines and ERW\naccidents occurred in Galmudug (GL) and Southwest (SW) States,\nmajority being in Abudwaq and Rabdhure districts of GL and SW,\nrespectively. In relation to IED civilian casualties reported during the\nsame time, about 43% (176) of the casualties were in Beletweyn,\nHirshabelle State, followed by Mogadishu and Bossaso in Puntland\nState.\n\n\n**Differentiated Impact**\n\n\nThe Mine Action/Explosive Hazards AoR conducted an assessment\nwith key informant interviews, 68% male and 32% female. A total of\n32% of the respondents indicated that improvised explosive devices\nwere a major threat, followed by explosive remnants of war (27%)\nand landmines (15%). Groups at risk identified in the online\nassessment include IDPs (28%), host community, (20%) minority or\nmarginalized groups (19%) and persons with special needs (17%),\nalbeit only 4% of the respondents represented Mine Action\norganizations, while 96% were non-Mine Action organizations.\n\n\nAge groups at risk according to the respondents, (52%) of them\nindicated adults, while (48%) indicated that children were more at\nrisk. The push factors that compel the civilian population to handle\nor endure exposure to the risks of explosive ordnance were identified\nas the lack of awareness on the risks, movements across areas with\nperceived or confirmed presence of explosive hazards, the lack of site\nplanning for IDP camps, and peer pressure. Similarly, IEDs majorly\naffected those \u2018in the wrong place at the wrong time\u2019, mainly in areas\nwith active militancy and along main supply routes connecting major\nurban areas.\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Somalia Protection Analysis Update", - "confidence": 0.6449326276779175, - "start": 303, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Mine Action/Explosive Hazards AoR", - "confidence": 0.8634764552116394, - "start": 441, - "end": 447 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Somalia", - "confidence": 0.6237683892250061, - "start": 303, - "end": 304 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8881435990333557, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.7843446731567383, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "key informant interviews", - "confidence": 0.6531446576118469, - "start": 451, - "end": 454 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "respondents", - "confidence": 0.603829026222229, - "start": 470, - "end": 471 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### Age groups at risk\n\n\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n**Current Challenges**\n\n\nKey challenges include the significant barriers to access encountered\nby mine action operators in vast areas of the country, due to the\npersisting challenge of insecurity and the increased use of improvised\nexplosive devices (IEDs) which result in unprecedented injuries and\ndeaths among civilians. The EH/Mine Action AoR is the least funded\nsub-cluster through the humanitarian pooled funds, thus making it\ndifficult to respond to critical and the emergency concerns of the\naffected population in Somalia. The lack of updated information on\nthe extent of explosive hazard contamination has also been a\nconsistent challenge. This can only be addressed through a\ncomprehensive non-technical survey (NTS) exercise, to identify and\ndefine the hazard areas, to enhance clearance response planning.\n\n\n\n\n\nAdults (18-59)\n\n\nGirls (0-17 years old)\n\n\nBoys (0-17 years old)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **RECOMMENDED ACTIONS**\n\n\n**General Protection**\n\n\n - Strengthen evidence-based advocacy based on ongoing\nprotection monitoring findings and analysis, targeting the HCT,\nICCG, donors, international community, as well as national and\nlocal authorities where and as needed.\n\n\n - Findings and recommendations from the community-based\nJoint Analysis Workshops should be more strongly capitalized\nto generate concrete actions, and inform programming and\nstrategic changes to adapt to evolving needs.\n\n\n - Promote joint inter-sectorial efforts to identifying and address\ndifferential forms of exclusion of different population groups\nthroughout the response, including girls, boys, women, elderly,\npersons with disabilities, persons with specific protection\nneeds as well as persons with minority clan affiliations, and\nensure principled, equitable and quality humanitarian\nassistance.\n\n\n - Ensure protection mainstreaming measures are meaningfully\nand efficiently integrated across all sectorial responses, in line\nwith contextualized guidelines for the drought and famine\nprevention response.\n\n\n - Support the establishment of joint inter-agency systems for the\nidentification and referral of protection cases throughout the\nin-site, urban and rural/hard-to-reach responses.\n\n\n - Work closely with CCCM Cluster to strengthen in-site\nidentification and referral of protection cases, as well as\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nsupport community-led protection monitoring systems that\ncan generate needed programing changes in real-time.\n\n\n**Child Protection**\n\n\nSpecialized protection services and expertise need to be prioritized,\nfor children to have access to psychosocial care, family reunification,\nand other critical services. Increased action and resources that must\nbe put in place to protect children include the following:\n\n\n - Child protection specialists need to be present in the field to\nprovide standalone services and coordination of child\nprotection responses with other sectors to ensure\nprogramming and quality integration of child protection\nconcerns in assessments, response plans, and monitoring.\n\n\n - Development of child protection mainstreaming strategies and\nreferral pathways in collaboration with, all other clusters,\npartners, and government ministries where possible.\n\n\n - Targeted child protection prevention and response services as\npart of a multi-sectoral response is crucial. For example,\npsychosocial support and care for children in extremely\nvulnerable situations, support for community-based protection\nmechanisms, and advocacy for children associated with armed\nforces and armed groups and others exploited in child labor.\n\n\n - Linkages with Gender-based Violence to further address girls\u2019\nand boys\u2019 safety and ensure the use of GBV referral pathways.\n\n\n - Linkages with the Education cluster, recognizing the protection\nvalue of children being in school and the potential to work\nthrough education to keep children safe and identify those at\nrisk.\n\n\n - Specialized psychosocial interventions due to rising needs and\ncomplexity of children\u2019s emotional and psychological health.\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Gender Based Violence**\n\n\n - Scale up initiatives for women empowerment through skills\ntraining for livelihood to protect women and girls from early\nmarriage and domestic violence.\n\n\n - Scale up of GBV services including medical services, PSS and\nlegal assistance for survivors\n\n\n - GBV training for service providers including CMR.\n\n\n - Distribution of hygiene kits and dignity kits.\n\n\n - Scale up awareness raising in communities for all forms of GBV.\n\n\n - Install solar lights in public places including roads, water points,\nand latrines in order to enhance security at night.\n\n\n - Establish safe spaces and safe shelters for women and girls.\n\n\n - Enhance access to mobile health services among the IDP camps\nat all times.\n\n\n - Ensured updated referral pathways in IDP camps.\n\n\n - Consider provision of transportation for GBV survivors.\n\n\n - Enhance the protective environment through legislative\nreforms for law enforcement.\n\n\n**Housing, Land and Property**\n\n\nThe following recommendations are aimed at addressing the eviction\nsituation in Somalia and if implemented effectively, several\nmilestones will be registered in the area of HLP.\n\n\n - Data collection and analysis should not simply be the\noverwhelming number of forced evictions taking place but\nshould also include success stories where evictions had been\naverted and replaced with alternatives acceptable to all\naffected parties. It was felt that, in view of the huge range of\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\nrelevant experience and expertise in Somalia, HLP partners\nwould offer a unique opportunity for discussion of different\ntools to be used in dealing with evictions, and for combining\nthese into innovative new methodologies to begin to turn the\ntide of forced evictions around Somalia. Humanitarian partners\ncould discuss best practice case studies and benefit from\nshared learning, monitoring, evaluation and reflection.\n\n\n- Humanitarian actors should acknowledge that blueprint\napproaches are seldom effective in dealing with forced\nevictions and should design projects that address forced\neviction through a multi sector and multi-actor approach. In\naddition to this, methodologies need to be flexible, and\nadapted to specific situations using combinations of a variety\nof different tools, including community mobilization, research,\nand legal action, negotiations between parties, policy reform\nand community-driven planning.\n\n\n- The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) should\ninstitutionalize the promotion of the rights of individuals to\nadequate housing, and ensure displacement affected\ncommunities are protected from forced evictions.\n\n\n- Regional states should prioritize and engage the FGS in the\nprotection of property abandoned by IDPs from destruction,\nunlawful use and occupation, legal and/or physical\nappropriation, looting and trespassing.\n\n\n- The international community and donors should advance\nintegrated programming and support for displacement\naffected communities affected by forced evictions in Somalia,\nin an effort to address the sharp rise in negative coping\nmechanisms and related protection risks linked to gaps in\naccessing HLP specific services and assistance.\n\n\n20\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Explosive Hazards**\n\n\nThe following recommendations are proposed to ensure the\nProtection of Civilians from the risk of explosive ordnance, enable\nsafe movement and provide necessary support to survivors of\nexplosive ordnance accidents.\n\n\n - As Explosive Hazards are among the recurring threat to the\npopulation, support to Mine Action activities to reduce\ncivilians\u2019 casualties through a sustained funding of HRP projects\nin 2022 and beyond.\n\n\n - Scale up awareness raising for newly displaced families,\nreturnees and communities living in proximity of hazardous\nareas to minimize potential risks.\n\n\n - The EH/MA AoR with government line ministries and donors to\ncollaborate the development of improvised explosive devices\nrisk education package.\n\n\n - Government of Somalia to provide necessary support to\nnational mine action institutions to protect civilians from\nexplosive hazards.\n\n\n - Provide targeted explosive removal responses into conflict\naffected areas and continue legacy mine clearance in border\nareas.\n\n\n - Explore innovative ways to deliver explosive ordnance risk\neducation including, integrating awareness raising to other\nprotection and education activities and explore integrating into\nthe national school curriculum.\n\n\n - Develop referral pathways for victims of landmines and\nimprove field coordination with other AoRs and clusters.\n\n\n##### **Somalia Protection Analysis Update** September 2022\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6b6ba01e-ad5f-4f49-983b-bf0512c2ed07/somalia_protection_analysis_update_sept_2022_v3.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_931/raw/doc_931_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_931/raw/doc_931_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5038fa3eb0628f04dbc3273eedec91a1e950a1c9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_931/raw/doc_931_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,350 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "threat of being abducted, detained or killed if they are perceived to be\nof fighting age. Elderly and disabled persons are consistently among\nthe most vulnerable as they are often unable to flee in advance of\nfighting, and face increased challenges in accessing assistance\nand services. Without a safe environment, children are particularly\nvulnerable to abuse, neglect and psychological trauma. With the\nbreakdown of rule of law, there is no accountability and perpetrators\nof violence act with impunity. Human rights violations, including\nattacks on civilians are expected to continue.\n\nWith the ongoing and expanding conflict, with no visible efforts to hold\nperpetrators of violence accountable, protection actors are limited in\ntheir ability to improve the protection environment in South Sudan.\nPeople who have the ability to leave the country continue to do so\nand it is expected the number of asylum-seekers to neighboring\ncountries will continue to increase in 2017. But many people in their\ncommunities of origin or displaced will need support away from the\nfront lines in areas where fighting will continue. Humanitarians are\nnow faced with an environment in which they must be prepared\nto respond to new emergencies, while simultaneously assisting\ndisplaced persons who voluntarily decide to move to areas where\nthey can improve their situation at this time.\nThe ability to access many of the rural areas by national and\ninternational humanitarian actors and UNMISS is challenging and\nis further impacted by government restrictions. However local\ncommunities remain a priority for support where the vast majority\nof vulnerable people are residing. Supporting the capacity of local\nNGOs, community based organizations and local leaders will need\nto be increased as a necessary means to access the large number\nof communities that provide some protection for people during the\nongoing conflict.\n\n**RESTRICTION ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT HINDERING IDPS**\n**TO FIND PROTECTION**\n\nActs that restrict freedom of movement have continued impacting on\nthe ability of civilians to seek international protection, safety, security\nand access their own resources and humanitarian assistance.\nRestrictions on movement prevents civilians from fleeing and using\ndisplacement as protection.\n\nNew arrivals from South Sudan in Uganda continue to report that\nborder points are heavily guarded (on the South Sudanese side).\nAsylum seekers cross the border through irregular crossing points far\naway from main roads so as not to be identified at SPLA checkpoints.\nRecently in Kajo-Keji, people trying to cross to Uganda where turned\nback by the South Sudanese forces on the border. In Yei, civilians\ndriven into the town following extensive violence in surrounding\nareas remain feeling trapped without resources and the permission\nto leave. Targeting of civilians and transport vehicles on the main\nroads by armed groups has also prevented the movement of people\nand essential goods. The general insecurity in most of the country\nhas now impacted on all regions, from Northern Bahr al Ghazal to the\nEquatoria region. With the reduced freedom of movement, people\n\n\n\ntheir lack of freedom of movement continues to impact on congestion\nin the sites and protection concerns. A prerequisite for improvement\nof the conditions for the population in these IDP locations is for the\ngovernment to increase the protective environment outside these sites\nto enable freedom of movement that contributes to decongestion. [5]\nFrom information obtained from focus group discussions with IDPs\ninside POC sites, an increasing number of IDPs are expressing they\nwould like to leave to a safer location, including seeking asylum\noutside of the country. [6] After more than three years of people\nforcibly displaced with their human rights denied, in particular the\nright to freedom of movement and the dignity to provide for oneself\nand their family, both men and women IDPs continue to face extreme\nrisks when outside the POC sites in Malakal, Juba and Wau. These\nrisks include arrest, abduction, sexual violence, and for some,\ntargeted and killed. Still, many IDPs have taken the risk to move at\nthis time. However there has been some improvement of freedom\nof movement. \u201cWith the start of the dry season in mid-November\nand then in December 2016, IDPs movements reported from UN\nHouse to various locations inside South Sudan and neighboring\ncountries have been reported. During the period of NovemberDecember 2016 UNHCR captured information that 1245 Individuals\ndeparted the Juba POC sites. In focus group discussions (FGDs)\nwith various members of the communities, including IDP leaders and\nparticipants in the FGDs indicated that about 10% (Approx. 40005000 Individuals) of the IDP population residing in the UN house may\nhave left the POC sites during November-December 2016. In order\nto collect exact information from blocks/Zones UNHCR teams are\ncollecting quantitative data.\u201d [7]\n\nAt the same time there are new arrivals to the Bentiu POC from\ncontinuing conflict in central Unity state and new arrivals in the\nJuba POC sites from the Equatoria region. However, there are a\nsignificant number of people monitored moving out of these sites\neach week. [8] From October to December 2016, hundreds if not\nthousands of people started to take the initiative to find ways to\nmove by boat down the Nile river to the IO controlled area of Old\nand New Fangak in northern Jonglei region and also on to Sudan.\nMany state they came from the Juba POC sites. The local authorities\nhave registered over 5,600 new arrivals as of mid-December 2016. [9]\nStarting in November and into December, over one thousand IDPs in\nMalakal moved from the POC site across the river to Wau Shilluk and\nonwards with the relaxation of movement restrictions from the SPLA.\nOver 1,350 people, more than half the POC population in Bor, have\nrequested at the established Protection desk to leave the POC site\nand are requesting assistance to travel and identification of a safe\nroute to their desired destinations. From a recent joint assessment,\nthe POC site in Melut, with a registered population of 681 IDPs, it is\nassessed that less than half that number is actually living there now.\nThe reasons for leaving the POC sites vary from fear that the POC\nsite will be attacked again during future conflict, general insecurity\nin the POC sites (depending on the site), inadequate services,\ncomplaints of food quality and quantity and reunification with family\nmembers in asylum countries and other locations.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FGDs", - "confidence": 0.5836345553398132, - "start": 785, - "end": 786 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.875163197517395, - "start": 768, - "end": 769 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Juba POC sites", - "confidence": 0.7446401715278625, - "start": 776, - "end": 779 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDP population", - "confidence": 0.8805640339851379, - "start": 815, - "end": 817 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "men remain to try and protect their property,\nincluding crops for their livelihood. There are\nincreasing reports that they have joined, some\nby force, rebel groups.\nMost of the 1.85 million IDPs that have\nremained within the county are now located\nnear to the areas they were residing before\nthey fled from conflict. However there has\nbeen a significant movement of people\nto areas where they believe they can find\nprotection. After the Juba 2016 conflict when\npeople identified as Nuer again were targeted\nin Juba, young males have been increasingly\nidentified as supporting the IO and have been\ndetained, abducted and killed. Threats and\ntargeted attacks on ethnic Dinka civilians in\nthe Equatoria region caused most of the Dinka\nliving in the region to flee to Juba with the\nsupport of the government forces. According\nto the RRC in Juba they have registered over\n46,000 IDPs mainly from Yei town and the\nsurrounding areas.\n\n**SIGNIFICANT FORCED DISPLACEMENT**\n**AREAS ARE DESCRIBED BELOW:**\n\n**Equatoria region** - Since July 2016, the\nconflict has been escalating in the Equatoria\nregion with continued deployment of SPLA\nand government supported militia forces\nmoving into the area resulting in attacks on\ncivilians and clashes with the local population\nthat have joined the \u201cIO forces\u201d. SPLA troops\nand particularly the associated militia forces\nhave been accused by church leaders of\nmassacres in the region. Commenting on the\nlatest rise in violence in the Yei area, a Bishop\npublically said that relations between civilians\n\n\n\nIDPs as of December 2016\n\n\n\n\n\nUNMISS\nPOC sites\n\n\nSouth Sudanese Refugees\n\nas of December 2016\n\n\n\n\n\nAt present (end January 2017) the estimated\nnumber of IDPs is 1.85 million and the number\nof refugees is now more than 1.48 million. This\nbrings the total of conflict displaced persons\nto over 3.3 million. The IDP population has\nincreased by 9% over the last year and the\nnumber of South Sudanese seeking asylum\nin surrounding countries has increased by\n92% and by 35% since the third quarter of\n2016. Given the lack of protection in most\nareas of the country, people who had been\nand are presently being forcibly displaced\nare increasingly moving across the border\nto Uganda and Ethiopia and more recently\na greater number to Kenya and the Sudan\nseeking security and assistance. With conflicts\nerupting in new areas near international\nborders and in areas where there has been\nsustained insecurity and the populations\u2019\nresources depleted, people are increasingly\nchoosing to flee out of South Sudan where\nthey can find security and assistance. From\nmonitoring of new arrivals in Uganda, a\nnumber have been living as IDPs in Juba\nand as far away as Bentiu stating they can\nno longer afford to provide for their families\nin South Sudan without work or access to\ntheir land. Asylum-seekers in Ethiopia and\nUganda have complained of being mistreated\nby local communities around refugee\nsettlements and accessing basic services,\nparticularly water in Uganda. However, daily,\non average, over 1,000 South Sudanese are\nregistering in Uganda with a smaller but steady\ndaily number of families seeking asylum in\nEthiopia. As of the end of 2016, there were\nover 640,000 South Sudanese refugees, most\n\n\n\n\n\n**20%** in\nSudan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monitoring of new arrivals", - "confidence": 0.795133113861084, - "start": 473, - "end": 477 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8654260039329529, - "start": 478, - "end": 479 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6332019567489624, - "start": 579, - "end": 580 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.5117340683937073, - "start": 486, - "end": 487 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "12 November another mass killing by troops took place along\nthe Yei-Lasu road, a distance of one and half miles west of\nYei town. The victims included youths and some women.\nAccording to a survivor, a group of villagers were arrested on\ntheir way back from the market to their ancestral village near\nGoburu when armed men in uniform accused them of being\nrebels, placed them in a tukul, tied their hands and shot them,\nthen set the tukul on fire. [11] Recently in Kajo-Keji, church\nleaders have also condemned conflict between government\nforces and rebels. Incidents of killings have been reported\nfrom Kajo-Keji, Magwi, Maridi, Mundari and Lainya over the\nlast few months of 2016.\n\nThe estimated number of IDPs in the region remains over\n400,000 (Western Equatoria 120,000, Central Equatoria\n200,000 [by community assessments, it is estimated there\nare well over 100,000 IDPs in Juba. This includes the people\nin POC sites, informal settlement sites and IDPs who have\nsettled elsewhere in the city and suburbs], Eastern Equatoria\n100,000). More people in the region have been internally\ndisplaced but a greater number have chosen to flee to Uganda\nand Kenya from the region so the IDP estimate remains about\nthe same as previously reported in October 2016. With the\nongoing attacks on civilians by government forces and fighting\nwith people identified as \u201cIO\u201d, many IDPs are hiding in their\nvillages or the surrounding areas as the fighting has increased\nin all regions from Ezo in the West to rural areas of Eastern\nEquatoria. At present, conflict has the potential to escalate.\nAfter the reports of the killing of 7 civilians on 22 January\nand an attack on a police station in Kajo-Keji town where two\npeople were killed, many IDPs who had been staying in the\ntown and in surrounding villages are fleeing to Uganda. [12]\n\nThe displacement and protection situation in the Equatoria\nregion has been caused mostly by the breakdown of the rule\nof law with sporadic and violent fighting in random locations;\nindiscriminate killings, arbitrary arrests and detentions and\ntorture of civilians; and retaliatory attacks that after one\nincident of killing or an ambush, similar or more brutal attacks\ntake place. Since November 2016, the local courts are not\nfunctioning, as is the same for most government offices with\nso many civil servants leaving to Uganda or Juba. Services\nin remote locations no longer exist and even in Yei town,\nhospitals and clinics have no essential drugs and people are\ncharged for services they cannot afford. The exorbitant prices\nof commodities due to scarcity of goods is exacerbated by\nthe impact of livelihoods with the conflict. The conflict causing\nlarge scale displacement in the region has not resulted in\na corresponding gearing up or shifting of resources and\nhumanitarian actors to the region. Current programmes on\nprotection, livelihood, health and WASH are not enough for the\nassessed needs of the displaced population which is expected\nto increase once access to remote villages becomes possible.\nAt the time of this report, thousands of people continue to flee\nKajo-Keji town and surrounding villages to Uganda.\n\n\n\nIDP locations and others entering. As of January 2017 in all\ncollective sites in Wau town there are estimated to be 41,785\nindividuals. Nearly 75% of the IDP population are in the POC\narea adjacent to UNMISS (population 29,021 individuals from\nDecember head count, a 25-30% increase from July 2016).\nThe POC site is overcrowded but an expansion is expected to\nbe complete by the end of February 2017. Since June 2016,\nthe GOSS has had four high level visits to the POC site to\nencourage return. The community emphasized improvement\nof safety and security in their neighborhoods before they could\nreturn. From the previous PC Trends report, less incidents\nof attacks on civilians accessing their homes have been\nreported.\nMost IDPs, staying in collective sites in other parts of Wau\ntown, outside the POC, have chosen to reside in those\nlocations because of their close proximity to their homes and/\nor employment. This has allowed for IDPs to more easily\naccess their pre-displacement residences and assess the\nsecurity situation. As a result, more IDPs are choosing to\ntemporarily return to their residences\u2014at the Nazareth site\n(approximately 1,400 individuals) up to 50% of the IDPs are\nfrequently sleeping in their homes. IDPs at the site reported\nthat night patrols by the joint forces (SSPNS, Wildlife, Prisons,\nand Fire) have increased security in the area, and now IDPs are\nspending longer periods outside of the collective sites. SPLA\npresence in the Town decreased in the last half of December,\nand SPLA Military Police are increasingly responding to\ncriminal actions carried out by uniformed and non-uniformed\nindividuals. Insecurity remains a serious concerns for IDPs in\nlocations on the outskirts of Wau Town.\n\nSome IDPs are beginning to regularly stay outside of the\ncollective centers. Progress towards more durable solutions\nhas been limited by lack of services, schools closed, lack of\nmarkets opened due to insecurity in agricultural areas near\ntown, damaged and destroyed houses without the means\nto repair them. More effort to support IDPs trying to return\nand monitoring to understand what prevents other IDPs from\ndoing the same is being planned by the Wau protection actors.\n\nHumanitarian access to the affected population outside of Wau\ntown continued to be restricted by the Government, preventing\nhumanitarian access. However ICRC, IMC and Health-Net\nhave been able to make limited assessments. In January\n2017 with support from the Governor, humanitarian actors\nmanaged to conduct Interagency Rapid Needs Assessment\n(IRNA) to Baggari with difficulties, including security searches\nby both Government and rebel check points. Humanitarians\nstill have not been able to provide food and sufficient health\ninterventions to the rural area that is estimated to host an\nestimated 40,000 IDPs.\n\nIn the **Upper Nile region**, on 11 October 2016 in Liang Boma,\narmed clashes between government and SPLA IO forces in\nthe southern part of Maban County (Benshawa Boma) caused\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "On 15 October, clashes reported between SPLA-N and the\nhost community near the border area with Sudan in Shatta\nBoma, Maban County. The fighting started when 6 men from\nArdeba who went to the market in Shatta town were attacked\nby unknown gunmen. Eleven civilians were reported killed\nincluding 4 women. The IDPs reported that people also fled\nfrom surrounding villages due to fear of attacks. In addition to\nthe reported deaths, houses were burned and villages were\nlooted. About 580 households/2,441 individuals were profiled\nand assisted with food and NFIs.\n\nOn 25 December 2016, South Sudanese civilians in North\nEast Maban County were displaced as a result of conflict that\nerupted between armed members from the refugee and the\nhost community. Four men were killed. This was followed by\nsubsequent shootings in Doro between the same groups of\narmed persons. Over 20 people were killed including an older\nwoman that made the local communities flee to Hai Istifta and\nSouth of Yabus River where they are currently seeking safety.\n1,555 households/8,036 individuals of the host community\nwere profiled and assisted with food and NFIs. Consequently\nMSF had set up a surface water treatment base at the river\nbank to provide water of sufficient quantity and quality.\nUNHCR and partners are engaged with the local authorities in\na reconciliation process to enable people to return.\n\nDuring the last few months of 2016 and into 2017, fighting\nbetween IO and SPLA has continued in Nasir County. The\n\n\n\nconflict has caused IDPs to move into concentration areas\nalong Sobat, Baro and Gilo Rivers near the border with\nEthiopia. The IDP population in the area is now estimated\nat 35,000 - 40,000. IDPs reported to members of an IRNA\nmission that they experienced attacks by a helicopter gunship\nand as many as 20 children are missing including four children\nabducted by cattle herders in the area. Less people are\nchoosing to cross the border and are waiting for the possibility\nto return to their areas so they can at least access food and\nprotect their cattle. In the areas of cattle camps, Maker, Buri\nAbiye and Jikmir, that also borders with Ethiopia there are\nestimated to be an additional 25,000 IDPs. There has been\nan increase of about 14,000 asylum-seekers registered in\nEthiopia from this area since October 2016, bringing the total\nregistered as of end January 2017 to 56,864. [14]\n\n**Malakal town** had been relatively stable during the last few\nmonths of 2016. People continue to arrive into Malakal town\nfrom areas such as Baliet and Korplus (September - December\n2016, over 1000 registered with the RRC). The population is\nlargely ethnic Dinka. The reason for the movement is cited\nto be insecurity and food scarcity. The government has also\nrepeatedly requested humanitarians to assist IDPs to move to\nMalakal town from Juba and Melut. There is concern that this\nmovement and occupation of properties will eventually cause\nmore tension with former residents of Malakal who are now\ndisplaced in the POC in Malakal town.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As reported above, there was a significant movement of\nwomen and children moving out of the POC across the river\nto Wau Shilluk, mainly for reasons of family reunification with\nfamily members in Wau Shillu and in Khartoum and some\nseeking asylum in Sudan. In late December 2016, movement\ntracking in the POC identified persons returning to the site.\nUNHCR/DRC and partners are conducting further intention\nsurveys to establish triggers for movement in and out of POC\nsite.\n\nFreedom of movement and physical security continues to be\na main concern despite some relaxation of movement from\nthe POC site. Women and children continued to face SGBV\nwhen venturing out of the POC site from either SPLA (reports\nof clear identification of their uniform) or armed men in civilian\nclothes. Nevertheless, this is an accepted risk by the female\npopulation. Men risk being arrested, abducted or killed should\nthey venture outside of the POC site. Additionally, while the\ninteraction between the Dinka and Shilluk tribes in the market\nplace appears cordial, fighting has occurred as witnessed\nin October 2016. Incidents of women in the POC site being\nsubjected to insults, stone throwing and harassment have\noccurred. The inter-tribal relationship is fragile and tensions\nflair rapidly.\n\nAt the time of this report there has been increasing conflict in\nthe region between SPLA and IO forces causing the population\nin Wau Shilluk to flee northward. The area of fighting includes\nBukeny, Ditang, Ogod and Wau Shilluk on the West Bank and\nfurther north in Renk. The presence of SPLA in Wau Shilluk\nhas made the population of approximately 20,000 to flee\nfurther in-land and north towards Lul, Padit and Pathang and\nfurther to Kodok. [15]\n\n**Jonglei** - A noted trend has been the arrival of IDPs from\ndifferent areas such as the Equatoria region and the POC sites\nin Juba. Between mid-November and December, some 5,0006,000 individuals were reported to have arrived from Leer in\nUnity and Juba POCs to Old Fangak. The reasons for leaving\nare the lack of services and that they fear further insecurity and\nwanted to reunite with family members. They also described\nthe relative stability in Jonglei state in areas that are clearly\ndivided between the government and IO-controlled areas, with\nDuk as the frontline. The arrival of more vulnerable people\nhas strained and will further burden the already insufficient\nservices. There is concern that conflict will erupt as a result of\nthe presidential order to dispatch newly appointed governors\nto the IO controlled areas.\n\nIn October, a large movement of people was reported from\nJonglei to the Upper Nile and on to Ethiopia through Akobo.\nSome 3,700 households were reported to have been registered\nas refugees at the time, while people moving from Akobo to\nTierguol, Ethiopia continue to be reported. The continued\n\n\n\n(674 HHs, mainly Dinka), mostly from Yei, arrived in Bor,\nfollowing the conflict in Yei that started in July 2016. Most of\nthe displaced are scattered into different areas in Bor town\nbeing assisted with temporary support from their relatives and\nneighbors in the host communities. A vulnerability assessment\nconducted by the Protection Cluster in December revealed\nthat some 507 households (2,714 individuals) fall under the\nPersons with Specific Needs (PSN) categories; however the\nnumber is projected to increase with new arrivals. The latest\nfigure from the RRC at the end of December is 900 households\n(5,335 individuals). In Twic East an NGO identified over 900\npeople returning mainly from Minkaman to the area from\nOctober \u2013 November 2016.\nIn December, some 1,021 households (5,524 individuals)\nwere reported to have been displaced, following cattle raids\nin Jalle Payam, Bor County and to the other payams in\nBor County. Some 19 people were killed, three girls were\nabducted, and 12,500 cattle were taken. Cattle raids and\nchild abduction despite a peace agreement concluded on 4\nDecember between Jonglei and Boma State, as well as other\ncriminal activity continues to persist. Similar fear from cattle\nraiding and child abduction is reported in Twic East by NGOs\nmonitoring and responding in this area. Criminality/impunity\nrelated to addressing peaceful co-existence between tribes\nwill require more resources for livelihoods, awareness-raising/\neducation and increasing the rule of law. [16]\n\n**Unity** [17] - In June 2016, the Bentiu POC population size had\nreduced to approximately 85,000 IDPs. There has been a\nsteady increase of the population which now amounts to about\n120,000 according to a recent IOM headcount. About 70% of\nthis population has arrived from Southern Unity, mainly from\nLeer, Mayendit and Koch Counties. Towards the end of the\nyear and the beginning of the dry season, there was reported\nan increase of activity by armed groups both government and\nIO affiliated with Machar (IO 1) and IO affiliated with Deng (IO\n2). Forced recruitment, cases of SGBV, destruction of property\nsuch as burning of houses, farms and raiding of cattle has\nbeen reported in and outside of the Bentiu POC.\n\nMuch of this military activity is related to the new FVP\naffiliated IO 2 formed after the Juba conflict. This triggered\nnew displacement of civilians mainly in Leer where some\nhave settled next to the Leer UNMISS Temporary Operating\nBase (estimated 1840 individuals as of end December 2016\naccording to UNMISS \u2013GHANBATT figures). [18] After conflict\nfor a few months in central-southern Unity particularly around\nThornyor and Adok, there are now estimated to be well over\n10,000 IDPs in the area hiding in the swamps and islands\nof the area avoiding conflict. The UNMISS assessment is\nthat the area around the TOB is volatile and further conflict\nis expected. [19] ICRC has registered over 11,000 households\nin the area and is providing basic food assistance to these\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "is concerned that the continuation of the assistance would\nprovide a reason for people to remain and potentially put them\nat greater risk than if they moved to areas identified as safer\nsuch as the Bentiu POC or villages where ICRC and MSF is\naccessing. Vulnerable IDPs should be provided alternative\nlocations to move to where they can access assistance\nsupported by humanitarians in locations that can also provide\ncommunity support. [21]\n\n\nThe newly formed IO 2 moved to the north causing fear and\nsome displacement in Guit County. Many civilians (11,000\napprox) opted to settle around Nimni and Cadet reportedly\nbecause of access to food distributions by WFP. Tensions in\nMayom related to the splitting of the county triggered unrest\nalso leading to displacement of approximately 200 civilians.\n\n\nThe creation of new States in the Lakes region along the\nsouthern border with Unity resulted in conflict between three\ncommunities\u2019 of Dinka, Beli and Bongo. Immediately after the\ndecree of a new state was made public, the conflict of Bhargel\nbetween Gok and Beli communities started. In August 2016\nfighting erupted and continues which led to displacement of\n1865 residents of Bhargel.\n\n\nDisplacement Trends Mar2014 - Dec2016 (in million)\n\n\n1.7m 1.5m\n\n\n\n1.85m\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|0.8m
0.4m 0.6m|0.77m|1.29m
0.85m|\n|---|---|---|\n|
Dec
Dec
Mar|
Dec
Dec
Mar|Dec
|\n\n\n\n\n\nFighting in Juba\nforced thousands\nto flee their homes\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Separated Children\n\n\n**8,807**\n\n\nMissing Children\n\n\n**3,678**\n\n\nUnaccompanied\nChildren\n\n\n**2,143**\n\n\nUnaccompanied, Missing and\n\nSeparated Children by Gender\n\nas of December 2016\n\n\n##### **FAMILY TRACING AND** **REUNIFICATION**\n\nAt the end of December 2016, separated\nchildren comprised just under 60.21% of\nthe total caseload, followed by children\nregistered as missing and unaccompanied\nchildren, at 25.14% and 14.65% respectively.\nThe aforementioned resource limitations,\nnecessitating a move away from reunifying\nall separated and unaccompanied children\nwith their families, to allocation of resources\nto unaccompanied children and separated\nchildren with high protection concerns only,\ncan be expected to contribute to a shift in\nthe caseload over 2017, where separated\nand missing children will become a greater\nproportion of the overall caseload.\n\n\n1,195 children have been reunified with their\nfamilies during 2016 compared to 2,734\nchildren reunified in 2015, building on 4,572\nreunifications achieved in the preceding years\nand representing 26.14% of all reunifications\nthrough the lifespan of the response. 25.61%\nof reunifications in 2016 were done in January\nalone.\n\n\nState caseloads reflect a number of differentials\nrelating to partner\u2019s presence, concentration of\npopulations, accessibility and the availability of\nfunding. The overwhelming majority of the total\nFTR caseload is concentrated across Jonglei,\nUpper Nile and Unity States, comprising the\nconflict-affected Greater Upper Nile Region of\nSouth Sudan. Increased incidences of conflict\nand displacement in Greater Bahr el Ghazal\nand the Greater Equatoria Region aren\u2019t yet\nfully reflected in FTR caseload due to the lack\nof partners in these areas and\n\n\n\ninaccessibility issues but are anticipated to\ncreate some shifts in 2017.\n\n\nBeyond contextual issues that contribute to\nspikes and falls in data, trends from 2016 speak\nto the significant impact of the changed funding\nlandscape, accessibility to areas controlled\nby SPLM-IO, increased incidences of conflict\nand displacements, absence of partners in\nparticular areas and turnover of staffs and\ncapacity of Family Tracing and Reunification\npartners to operate and reach children in South\nSudan with critical services.\n\n\n\n13,223\n\n\n\n\n\n5,489 5,454\n\n\n\n3,551\n\n\n\nBoys\n\nGirls\n\n\n\nSeparated Missing Unaccompanied\n\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunification (cumulative)\n\n\n\n\n\n106,127\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "caseload", - "confidence": 0.6365823149681091, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6541450023651123, - "start": 38, - "end": 39 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "separated\nchildren", - "confidence": 0.626320481300354, - "start": 63, - "end": 65 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "State caseloads", - "confidence": 0.9136124849319458, - "start": 227, - "end": 229 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6612737774848938, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8660299181938171, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FTR caseload", - "confidence": 0.9031075835227966, - "start": 258, - "end": 260 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6809634566307068, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "FTR caseload", - "confidence": 0.8544691205024719, - "start": 305, - "end": 307 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South\nSudan", - "confidence": 0.9793811440467834, - "start": 393, - "end": 395 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8922767043113708, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "~~Attacks on & military u~~ se\nof schools\n\n**1,439** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\n~~Recruitment and use o~~ f\nchildren\n\n**373** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nAbduction\n\n\nSexual violence\n\n\n**47** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nKilling\n\n\n**12** affected\n\nchildren\n\n\nInjuring\n\n\n**11** affected\n\n\n\nDuring the fourth quarter of 2016, 208 incidents\naffecting 3,049 children were reported through\nthe Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism\n(MRM). The UN verified 182 incidents affecting\n2,005 children. The number of reported\nincidents dropped from the previous quarter\nwhen 342 incidents, affecting 7,859 children,\nwere documented. The drop in numbers is\nlikely related to access constraints to monitor\nviolations in the Greater Equatoria region,\nwhich has been destabilized by conflict since\nJuly 2016. Most of the incidents, 46 per cent,\nwere documented in the Greater Equatoria\nregion. The Greater Upper Nile region\naccounted for 31 per cent of documented\nincidents and the Greater Bahr el Ghazal\nregion for 23 per cent.\n\n\nAs in previous quarters of 2016, denial of\n\n\n\nhumanitarian access and recruitment and use\nof children were the most reported violations\naccounting for 50 per cent and 20 per cent of\ndocumented incidents, respectively. Incidents\nof recruitment and use were documented\nthroughout the country, including in Eastern\nEquatoria State, where no incidents had been\nrecorded in previous reporting periods of\n2016.\n\n\nFewer incidents of recruitment and use were\ndocumented during the fourth quarter than in\nprevious 2016 quarters; however, during the\nlast quarter, the UN documented a new trend\nin which boys were recruited and transported\nfrom their home areas to various parts of\ncountry for redeployment or to take part in\nmilitary trainings. Children were also observed\nby UN monitors acting as bodyguards and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "the released children will be assisted alongside\nother vulnerable children in their communities\nof return.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo. of children affected\n\nNo. of Incidents\n\n\n\nIncidents of Grave Child Rights Violations (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Dec2016\n\n\n79,152\n\n\n\nMar Dec Dec Jul Dec\n2014 2014 2015 2016 2016\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Number of GBV Reported Cases (cumulative)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMar Dec Jun Dec\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Col1|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n||1 - 4|6 - 10|\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "During this reporting period, Risk Education\n(RE) increased its focus on scrap metal trading\nfollowing an incident in which children from the\nUN protection of civilians site in Juba were\nfound with a hazardous item and reported they\nhad been told it could be exchanged for food.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHazardous Areas - Dec2013 - Dec2016\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQ4-13 Q1-14 Q2-14 Q3-14 Q4-14 Q1-15 Q2-15 Q3-15 Q4-15 Q1-16 Q2-16 Q3-16 Q4-16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**To the Transitional Government of National Unity of South**\n**Sudan and all parties to the conflict:**\n\n\n1. As stated in previous and current Protection Updates and Security\nCouncil Resolutions, South Sudan\u2019s Transitional Government of\nNational Unity bears the primary responsibility to protect its civilian\npopulation from human rights violations, including targeted killings,\ngender-based violence, abductions, torture and destruction and\nlooting of property. Hold actors accountable that commit human\nrights violations against civilians.\n\n\n2. The Protection Cluster welcomes the opportunity to work with\nthe authorities responsible for humanitarian affairs to fulfill their\nresponsibilities to support IDPs according to the Guiding Principles\non Internal Displacement and human rights and international\nhumanitarian law.\n\n\n3. The Protection Cluster emphasizes that all returns and relocations\nmust be voluntary, informed and in safety and dignity. This applies\nto all population movements, regardless of whether they are\nspontaneous, facilitated by the government or by humanitarian\nactors.\n\n\n4. The Transitional Government of National Unity should respect\ndisplaced persons\u2019 right to freedom of movement and freedom to\nchoose his or her residence, and urges political leaders to refrain\nfrom pressuring/forcing displaced persons to settle in specific areas\nfor reasons associated with political and/or ethnic affiliation.\n\n\n5. In order to effectively assist people in need, humanitarians must\nbe able to work freely, neutrally, impartially and independently. All\nassistance should be needs-based conducted in line with existing\nhumanitarian principles and guidelines.\n\n\n6. The Government responsibility to protect all its citizens is\nemphasized. The recent findings of the Special Advisor on the\nPrevention of Genocide highlighted displacement as a result of\nethnic conflict. The Protection Cluster expresses its desire to assist\nthe government to prevent violence, overcome ethnic division and\n\n\n\nroads, it is recommended that UNMISS regularly patrol on these\naccess routes so people can move more freely and seek protection\nwhere they choose.\n\n\n2. To ensure the civilian character of the UNMISS POC sites, and\nto enable freedom of movement for especially women, perimeter\nand internal security of UNMISS POC sites is essential, regular\nsearches to identify and separate/isolate armed individuals and\nsecurity measures to protect women and girls as they move in high\nrisk areas against Gender Based Violence are recommended to\nbe increased, based on consultation and coordination with IDPs,\nespecially women and girls.\n\n\n3. Increased sharing of information with humanitarians is\nrecommended. Regular meetings including the UNMISS Relief,\nRe-integration and Protection Section, and other relevant civilian\ncomponents with the Protection Cluster and other humanitarian\nactors can facilitate analysis and agreement on how to improve\nprotection for civilians.\n\n\n**To the HCT, humanitarians and donors:**\n\n\n1. Conflict is expected to continue in the Equatoria region and the\ndisplaced population is expected to increase once access to remote\nvillages becomes possible. The Protection Cluster emphasizes the\nneed for UNMISS, UN agencies and INGOs to establish presence\nto protect the most vulnerable population that remains in the region.\n\n\n2. IDPs are finding solutions, even if temporary, in different\nlocations, some moving from POC sites and from other locations,\nto areas where there are vulnerable communities affected by the\nconflict, including those hosting large numbers of IDPs. Efforts to\nincrease services through capacity building of local authorities,\ncommunity based organizations, and strengthening GBV services,\ncoordination and referral mechanisms to address GBV and Child\nProtection concerns should be prioritized to increase protection in\nthese vulnerable communities.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/fb70ba51-eb89-301d-bf69-a5ed07a4c632/south_sudan_protection_trends_paper_october_-_december_2016_09022017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_932/raw/doc_932_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_932/raw/doc_932_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d2d48617bde70521848838a3275532d6d5a0a266..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_932/raw/doc_932_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,451 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "cantonment site to one of the UNMISS bases in Juba,\nheavy fi ghting occurred around the UN House POC sites.\nMultiple mortars fell inside the POC sites, including two\ngrenades that fell on the maternity ward of the hospital\nfor IDPs. Over 60 IDPs inside the UN House POC Sites\nwere reportedly killed as a result of the fi ghting. [12]\n\n\nThe POC site that formed in Tomping was also heavily\naffected by the fi ghting. Government forces set up\nroadblocks along each of the main access gates to\nthe UNMISS Tomping base, which prevented civilians\nfrom accessing the site safely. Human rights actors\ndocumented incidents of people being shot at from\nnearby buildings as they tried to reach the safety of the\nbase. As in UN House, mortars were also fi red into the\nUNMISS Tomping base, though the fatalities in Tomping\nwere comparatively lower at less than ten reported\ndeaths. [13]\n\n\n**UNLAWFUL DETENTIONS AND FORCED**\n**DISAPPEARANCES OF CIVILIANS**\nUnlawful detentions and forced disappearances of young\nmen continue to be a prominent feature of the confl ict\nin South Sudan, particularly in the Equatoria region,\nWestern Bahr el Ghazal and Unity States. This threat to\nthe population instills fear and causes people to fl ee. Over\nthe past few months there have been 46 cases reported\nby family members of people going missing after they\nhave gone outside of the Malakal POC site, however only\na few of these cases have been confi rmed as detained\nby government forces or still missing. Two have been\nconfi rmed dead. There is no effective tracking procedure\nas IDPs are not required to report when reported \u201cmissing\npersons\u201d are released or are found. In Wau town, there\nare regular reports by IDPs of family members missing\nafter they attempt to return to their property.\n\n\nThe use of shipping containers as informal detention sites\nwas reported previously in Leer County, October 2015\nand has also been reported in other areas, and most\nrecently in Yei town. The Protection Cluster has received\nreports that government actors have \u201cpreemptively\ndetained\u201d many men of fi ghting age who are perceived to\nbe sympathizers of the Opposition and held in a shipping\ncontainer in the SPLA barracks outside of town. In a\nrecent fact fi nding mission sent by the President it was\nacknowledged that young men were being held by the\nSPLA and a release arrangement was agreed with local\nchurch and community leaders. As of this date there are\nreports that 23 youth have been released but over a\nhundred still remain in detention. [14]\n\n\n\nfaced serious restrictions on their freedom of movement.\nFrom 13 -17 July, it is estimated up to 20,000 people\nwere prevented from crossing the border to Uganda\nby the South Sudan authorities at the Nimule border.\nNew arrivals in Uganda reported that border points are\nheavily guarded (on the South Sudanese side), with\nmany asylum seekers choosing to cross the border\nthrough minor crossing points or are arriving to Uganda\nirregularly through the bush. [15] In Yei, civilians were driven\ninto the town following extensive violence in surrounding\nareas, and are now trapped inside the town center. The\nfour access roads in and out of the city have multiple\ncheckpoints, fi rst of government soldiers and then\nopposition forces, making it nearly impossible for anyone\nto leave without resources to buy their way out. [16] Civilians\nin Yei town have repeatedly requested for a corridor to be\nestablished to help them escape to Uganda. Targeting of\ncivilians and transport vehicles on the main roads to the\nsouthern border by armed groups has also prevented the\nmovement of people and essential goods. This will also\nhave a signifi cant impact on the rest of the country as\nthe Equatoria region is not only the breadbasket for the\ncountry but also provides all of the main southern trade\nroutes to Uganda, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of\nCongo. These acts that restrict freedom of movement are\na serious human rights violation impacting on the ability\nof civilians to seek safety, security and access their own\nresources and humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nRestrictions of movement persist for the Malakal POC site\nand the river crossing between Malakal and Wau-Shilluk,\nas previously reported. Over 75% of the population in\nthe POC site was previously living in Malakal town and\ncannot return there for security reasons. From focus\ngroup discussions with IDPs inside the Malakal POC\nsite after the February attack on the POC site and\nnow approaching three years in the confi ned site, an\nincreasing number of IDPs are expressing they would\nlike to leave to a safer location, including seeking asylum\nin Sudan. [17] While access for humanitarians to the west\nbank of the river is often granted for short periods of time,\ncivilians continue to face extreme risks when outside the\nPOC site and when trying to cross the river. IDPs from\nthe POC site faced arrest, abductions, sexual violence,\nand some killed. As a result of these threats, children are\nunable to reunite with their caregivers due to the risks\nassociated with the journey. Still, many IDPs have tried\nto cross the river under the cover of darkness, only to be\nconfronted by soldiers at risk of exploitation and abuse,\nrape and some \u201cmissing\u201d as reported above.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "created congestion in the sites and protection concerns\nare increased as the confi ned community is dependent on\nassistance. The leadership structures that develop in the\ncamp-like setting further harm the coping mechanisms\nand support of communities. The POC sites, as all camplike situations, generate unhealthy conditions, increase\nvulnerability of women and children by increasing risks of\nexploitation and abuse and gender based violence. Long\nstay in the POC sites have deteriorated the psychosocial\nconditions of inhabitants, increased dependency and\nprovide an environment that enables youth to organize to\nthe detriment of their own community. A newly identifi ed\nphenomena in recent months is incidents of suicide and\nattempted suicide by children in the Malakal POC site\n. A prerequisite for improvement of the conditions for\nthe population in the POC sites is for the government\nand UNMISS to increase the protective environment\noutside these sites to enable freedom of movement that\ncontributes to decongestion so humanitarian standards in\nthe POC sites can be improved. [18]\n\n\nDespite the lack of services and essential resources\nin communities outside of POC/camp-like sites, as\nrecommended in the previous report, more frequent and\n\n\n\nproactive patrols are needed combined with holding the\ngovernment accountable to deter attacks on civilians\naround the POC sites and beyond, as well as to create\nthe conditions that would enable people to return to\ntheir homes. Juba is an example where thousands of\npeople in the POC sites live a short walk away from their\nhome. With more focus on providing security outside\nof the POC sites and engaging with communities with\nthe appropriate support, civilians can better protect\nthemselves, re-establish their human rights and restore\ntheir dignity. An example of this approach is the \u201cBeyond\nBentiu Outreach Response Strategy\u201d. [19]\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of the civil war particularly in the south of the Equatoria\nregion. It is estimated there are now over 300,000 IDPs\nin the Equatoria region (not including Juba). [24] With the\nincreased SPLA deployment to the Equatoria region\nafter the July Juba confl ict, there have been numerous\nattacks and human rights violations reported including\nabductions, forced disappearances, killings and rapes.\nTens of thousands people are displaced from large areas\nof Western, Central and Eastern Equatoria. Over 50,000\nIDPs have been registered in Yei town. It is estimated\nthere are 30-40,000 IDPs in Torit town and many more in\nsurrounding villages and the northern mountain area. The\nconfl ict has spread causing displacement in Magwi, Ikotos,\nBudi and Lopa counties. [25] With the extent of fear and\ndestruction reported by communities, people continue to\nfl ee, particularly within the Central and Eastern regions to\nUganda and smaller numbers to Kenya. With restricted\nfreedom of movement imposed by the SPLA, increased\nattacks on civilians by armed groups on main roads and\norganized IO attacks on SPLA positions, a return of the\ndisplaced population is not expected in the near future.\n\n\nIn the **Western Bahr el Ghazal**, at present, over 80,000\nIDPs are unable to return to their homes. During the fi rst\n\n\n\nrange of attacks on civilians in and around Wau town\nagainst the majority Fertit-Balanda population. [26] Eight\nnew counties were created without local consultation and\nagreement in April 2016 in the Western Bahr el Ghazal\nregion which added to the civilian unrest. The abuses\nin the Western Bahr el Ghazal region took place during\ngovernment counterinsurgency operations against local\narmed youth groups. Many civilians, particularly young\nmen, were arrested and killed for being perceived as\nSPLM-IO supporters. [27] Governor Elias Waya Nyipuoc\nadmitted that by 30 May 2016, he had confi rmed that at\nleast 100 civilians had been murdered by SPLA soldiers,\nand had reported the cases to the government. [28] While\nthe violence in Wau town mostly abated after 7 July, fi ghting\ncontinues in the countryside. There are now over 25,000\nIDPs in the UNMISS protected area in Wau town. In six\nother locations in town there is a total of over 16,000 IDPs.\nOutside of town, humanitarians are severely restricted but\nover the course of months over 42,000 IDPs were identifi ed\nin other parts of Wau county, Jur River and Raja counties. [29]\nIn all IDP locations, lack of physical security and safety;\nrestrictions on freedom of movement; inadequate shelter\nwith many IDPs sleeping in the open, indicate the dire\nhumanitarian situation. Outside of Wau town in nine areas\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "destroyed, including schools and clinics. IDPs continue\nto arrive at collective centers and the UNMISS protected\narea in Wau town. [30] Fear of returning to their homes is\nrepeated. IDPs report that neighbors or relatives were shot\nat, arrested, robbed, tortured, and killed. [31]\n\n\nIn the **Upper Nile** region, in early August 2016 fi ghting\nbetween IO and SPLA occurred in Nasir County resulting\na large displacement as people moved to safer locations,\nincluding a large cross-border movement. Since the\nbeginning of September 2016 over 42,000 South Sudanese\nhave arrived in Gambella, Ethiopia. An average of 1,000\nindividuals continue to be received daily. [32] Insecurity from\nIO and SPLA fi ghting is the major cause of displacement\nin areas in the Upper Nile State (Nasir, Maban, Mathiang\nand Maiwut) coupled with food insecurity. Civilians have\nbeen further confronted with fl oods, which is adding to\nthe number of IDPs not only in Nasir County but also in\nLongechuk and Maiwut Counties. Fighting between IO\nand SPLA resumed in Nasir town in September which has\nprevented return. In Liang, Maban County, during the fi rst\nweek of August fi ghting broke out between the SPLA-IO and\ngovernment forces resulting into 3 fatalities and 3 civilians\ninjured. UNHCR registered 385 individuals newly displaced\nas a result of the fi ghting who fear to return because of\ncontinuing insecurity. [33] At the time of this report, large\nnumbers of South Sudanese continue to fl ee to Ethiopia\nfrom the Upper Nile region.\n\n\nIn **Jonglei**, insecurity and fi ghting continues to caused\ndisplacement and prevent return of IDPs. Following the\noutbreak of fi ghting in Juba, July 2016, there have been\n\n\n\nclashes between the government and IO forces in Pajut,\nDuk, Uror and Poktap. Deaths of over 500 people and the\ndisplacement of over 16,750 persons has been assessed\nby protection partners in the area and monitoring on the\nborder of people crossing to Ethiopia indicates many\npeople fl eeing are coming from as far away as these areas.\nOver 1,100 IDPs fl eeing fi ghting in neighboring Unity State\nalso arrived in Jonglei and 4,027 IDPs as a result of\ncommunities fi ghting over land . With the IO in control of\nabout 60 percent of the state, IO and SPLA clashes are\ncommon resulting in the displacement of civilians, looting\nand destruction of farmland and property. Fear over the\nspread of the confl ict in Ayod, Akobo, Fangak and Uru, has\ncaused more displacement. People will remain displaced\ngiven the tenuous security situation caused by the two\nwarring factions and cattle raiding. [34]\n\n\n\nDisplacement Trends Mar2014 - Sep2016\n\n\n1.69m\n\n\n\n1.8m\n1.53m\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|1.5m
0.8m
0.6m
0.4m|0.77m|0.85m|\n|---|---|---|\n|Dec
Dec
Mar|Dec
Dec
Mar|S|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Protection partners also continue to be\nworried about the projected 16,000 children\nwho are believed to be associated with\n\n\narmed forces or armed groups, though the\npartners are encouraged by the planned\nrelease of children from the SPLA-IO.\n\n\nAs a result of the severity of the violence and\ndisplacement in South Sudan, the trauma\nand psychosocial support needs are acute\nacross all segments of the population. While\nthe total psychological impact is currently\nunknown, it is estimated that more than\n907,000 children are experiencing some form\nof psychosocial distress, up from 876,000\nat the end of the third quarter in 2015. In\naddition to the trauma experienced by both\nIDPs and host communities, displacement\nmakes it diffi cult to process the events\nnaturally.\n\n\nSince 2015, protection partners have\ntransitioned to a community-based strategy\nfor psychosocial support, which focuses on\nbuilding the psychosocial response capacity\nof traditional caregivers, complemented by\ndirect psychosocial support for the most\ncomplex cases. In the fi rst quarter of 2016,\n51,707 children received psychosocial\nsupport, the largest group being adolescent\nboys 11-17 years old. In addition, 256\nmothers and 102 fathers received training\non parental support and protection skills.\nWhile 6,258 caregivers received dedicated\nsupportive services as well, there is a huge\ngap in psychosocial support for the adult\npopulation of South Sudan.\n\n\n\nSeparated Children\n\n\n**8,373**\n\n\nMissing Children\n\n\n**3,564**\n\n\nUnaccompanied\nChildren\n\n\n**2,000**\n\n\nUnaccompanied, Missing\n\nand Separated\n\nChildren by Gender as of\n\n30 September 2016\n\n\n#### **FAMILY TRACING AND** **REUNIFICATION**\n\nOngoing fi ghting and resulting displacement\ncontinued to cause family separation. By\nthe end of September 2016, 13,937 children\nacross South Sudan had been registered as\nunaccompanied, separated or missing, an\nincrease of 3,596 since the same time last\nyear, or 300 new cases a month.\n\n\nThe rate of reunifi cations has held\nconsistently at just over 42% through 2016,\na marked improvement on the 22.2%\nseen at the end of the third quarter last\nyear, but one shifting in accordance with a\nchanged funding environment and renewed\nfocus on care monitoring for separated\nand unaccompanied children. At the end\nof the third quarter, Family Tracing and\nReunifi cation (FTR) partners were managing\na total national caseload of 9,139 active\ncases, having reunifi ed 4,394 children with\ntheir parents or usual caregiver since the\nonset of the confl ict, 1,013 during the fi rst\nthree quarters of 2016.\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunifi cation services\nhave been stretched to respond to changing\nconfl ict and displacement dynamics through\nthe second and third quarters, particularly\nacross the Equatoria and Bahr el Ghazal\nregions. While inaccessibility and a limited\npartner presence in Eastern and Central\nEquatoria have made it diffi cult to determine\nthe extent of need, largescale population\nmovement and ongoing insecurity speak to\nthe need for expansion of the national FTR\nplatform into this expanding confl ict area.\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\nFamily Tracing and Reunifi cation (cumulative)\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "psychosocial support", - "confidence": 0.6486815214157104, - "start": 150, - "end": 152 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9828946590423584, - "start": 244, - "end": 246 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6923698782920837, - "start": 182, - "end": 183 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Family Tracing and Reunifi cation", - "confidence": 0.9506072402000427, - "start": 621, - "end": 626 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Attacks on & military use\n\n\n\nDuring the fi rst quarter of 2016, 240\n\n\n\nduring the reporting period through the MRM.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in the Greater Upper Nile. The increase in\ndocumented violations in 2015 are mostly\nattributable to the prolonged fi ghting in\nUnity, which targeted and displaced civilians\nfrom villages throughout the state into the\nUNMISS Protection of Civilians site in\nBentiu. Witnesses and survivors of attacks\non villages recounted incidents of killing,\nmaiming, raping, and abduction of children.\nAccording to multiple testimonies, children\nwere not only victims of the attacks but also\nperpetrators as child soldiers.\n\n\nFinally, incidents of attacks on and military\nuse of schools have been recorded\nthroughout South Sudan, particularly in\nUnity and Central Equatoria. Since the start\nof the confl ict, schools have been used as\nbarracks, living quarters for soldiers and\ntheir families, and even as recruitment\ncentres for children.\n\n\n\nRegistered Incidents:\n\nApril - September 2016\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\n\nAt the end of 2015, the UN signed an action\nplan with the SPLA-IO to stop and prevent\nthe recruitment and use of children and\nkilling and maiming of children. The SPLA\nsigned an action plan with the UN to stop\nand prevent the recruitment and use of\nchildren in 2009. It signed a revised action\nplan in 2012 and made a recommitment to its\nrevised action plan in 2014. Both the SPLA\nand the SPLA-IO are listed for recruitment\nand use of children and killing and maiming\nof children in the Secretary-General\u2019s 2015\nreport on children and armed confl ict.\n\n\nIn 2015, 1,054 incidents of grave violations\nwere documented through the MRM, an\nincrease of 28.2 per cent from 2014, when\n756 incidents were documented. Incidents\nof all six types of grave violations, with\nthe exception of maiming, increased in\n2015; indeed, incidents of killing more\nthan doubled, and incidents of rape and\nother forms of sexual violence increased\nby 41 per cent. In both years, the majority\nof such violations have been documented\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\nIncidents of Grave Child Rights Violations (cumulative)\n\nMar2014 - Sep2016\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Registered Incidents", - "confidence": 0.9486272931098938, - "start": 141, - "end": 143 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Greater Upper Nile", - "confidence": 0.5312546491622925, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7565034627914429, - "start": 147, - "end": 148 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "April - September 2016", - "confidence": 0.6164154410362244, - "start": 144, - "end": 148 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Incidents of Grave Child Rights Violations", - "confidence": 0.905293881893158, - "start": 495, - "end": 501 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "GBV Reported Cases:\n\nCase Context\n\nApril - Septemebr 2016\n\n\n\nAugust, reported incidents decreased but\nrose approximately 56% during September.\nIntimate partner violence comprised the\nlargest percentage of reported incidents\nin all months. Different forms of sexual\nviolence (rape, sexual assault, forced and\nearly marriage and possible sexual slavery)\nwere the second most reported types of\nincidents. In a disturbing new trend, incidents\nof harmful traditional practices exponentially\nincreased from previous months in July, with\n72 incidents reported. Incidents of possible\nsexual slavery more than tripled during\nJuly, with 25 incidents reported. Forced\nmarriages doubled in number in July, with\n41 reported incidents. UNMISS reportedly\ndocumented 217 incidents of confl ictrelated sexual violence in July 2016 alone.\nSince July, service providers have received\nmultiple reports of GBV, including sexual\nviolence, occurring in the context of the\nconfl ict in Yei, Mundri, Eastern Equatoria\nand Southern Unity, but humanitarians\nhave not been granted suffi cient access to\nmount a multi-sector protection response\nfor survivors. The Monitoring and Reporting\nMechanism on the Violation of the Rights of\nthe Child in Armed Confl ict (MRM) recorded\n37 incidents of sexual violence affecting 137\ngirls from January to September 2016.\n\n\nThe reported incidents represent only the\ntip of the iceberg of GBV prevalence, due\nto the stigma and violence often associated\nwith reporting acts of GBV and survivors\u2019\nlimited access to reporting mechanisms and\nservices.\n\n\n\n\n\nPossible sexual\nexploitation, 1%\n\n\nPossible sexual\nslavery, 3%\n\n\n\nThe needs for response and prevention of\nGender-based violence (GBV) as part of\nthe Protection of Civilians mandate have\nincreased since the last protection trends\nreport. Gender-based violence in the\ncontext of the humanitarian emergency in\nSouth Sudan is widespread.\n\n\nThe reported forms of GBV continue to\nbe egregious. They include gang rapes,\nmass rape, demands for sex for food and\nsafe passage for survival, sexual slavery,\nwidow inheritance and early and forced\nmarriage, forced recruitment and abuse of\nchildren and high prevalence of intimate\npartner violence. Gender-based violence is\noccurring in IDP areas, POC sites, refugee\nhosting areas and in urban displacement\nand confl ict areas across the country. All\nparties to confl ict allegedly committed acts of\nGBV, including sexual violence. Community\nleaders, police, security guards and UN/\nNGO staff were other alleged perpetrators\nof different types of gender-based violence.\n\n\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information\nManagement System (GBV-IMS), used\nby humanitarian service providers and\nmanaged by UNFPA, recorded 1516\nincidents of GBV from 1 April to 31\nSeptember 2016. Survivors comprised\n1163 adults and 353 children, who received\nGBV response services. In May and July\nincidents sharply increased, with a 106%\nincrease in incidents from June to July.\nThe highest number of physical assaults\nand rapes reported occurred in July. In\n\n\n\n\n\nGBV Reported Cases:\n\nAge of the Survivor\n\nApril - Septemebr 2016\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV Reported Cases", - "confidence": 0.978506863117218, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNMISS", - "confidence": 0.6537802219390869, - "start": 119, - "end": 120 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8436951637268066, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6640812754631042, - "start": 9, - "end": 10 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Gender-Based Violence Information\nManagement System", - "confidence": 0.9983629584312439, - "start": 436, - "end": 441 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7857409119606018, - "start": 300, - "end": 301 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "GBV-IMS", - "confidence": 0.9889737367630005, - "start": 442, - "end": 443 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.9327084422111511, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9279806017875671, - "start": 312, - "end": 314 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9754670858383179, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6404018998146057, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "incidents of GBV", - "confidence": 0.600848376750946, - "start": 457, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNFPA", - "confidence": 0.7288466691970825, - "start": 453, - "end": 454 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7066339254379272, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.5341202616691589, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "alleged perpetrators to allow for handover to\nnational authorities, and inadequate judicial\ncapacity and laws to prosecute GBV, there\nis not a realistic option to bring cases to\ncourts for survivors in PoCs to obtain justice\nand protection.\n\n\nWithout access to freedom of movement\nand an end to the confl ict, in addition to\nmeasures to strengthen the justice system,\nsurvivors in POC sites will not have their\nrights to truth or justice fulfi lled. Currently,\nonly international or hybrid judicial\nmechanisms would be able to fi ll this gap\nover the long term.\n\n\nThe diminishing humanitarian space\nin South Sudan has severe negative\nconsequences for survivors of genderbased violence. Indiscriminate armed\nattacks by parties to confl ict that damaged\nhealth facilities and the prevalence of armed\nactors in hospitals prevent access to lifesaving interventions for survivors, such as\npost-rape treatment and other GBV-related\nservices. Confl ict-induced displacement and\nfl ight to neighboring countries has robbed\nSouth Sudan of essential local healthcare\npersonnel trained to respond to GBV.\n\n\n\nGBV Reported Cases:\n\nTypes of Incidents\n\nApril - Septemebr 2016\n\n\nPhysical assault\n\n\n**746**\n\n\nRape\n\n\nPsychological abuse\n\n\nDenial of resources\n\n\nForced marriage\n\n\nSexual violence\n\n\n\nWomen and girls who leave POC sites\nto gather fi rewood and food are under\nparticular threat. They are regularly attacked\nin Juba, Wau, Bentiu and Malakal, among\nother places, including abduction and\nrape. These attacks often occur at military\ncheckpoints and in close proximity to POC\nsites.\n\n\nGender-based violence in POC sites is also\na serious concern. Security of latrine areas\nand insecurity related to poor lighting in the\nPOC site needs to be addressed on a priority\nbasis for prevention. Livelihood programs\nmust be strengthened to mitigate GBV\nrisks as well as to contribute to addressing\ninequality as a root cause of GBV. Although\nthere are awareness-raising, health,\npsycho-social, humanitarian led-protective\npatrols, and some skills-building initiatives\nto prevent GBV and support survivors,\naccess to legal/justice measures for civilians\nin POC sites is not possible.\n\n\nSurvivors who experience GBV inside\nof PoCs do not have adequate access\nto justice options. UNMISS has a quasipolicing structure in place, including POC\nholding centers where it can detain alleged\nperpetrators of GBV, exercising regular\ndetention review procedures. However, with\nthe lack of rule of law, lack of guarantees of\nprotection of fundamental human rights for\n\n\n\nNumber of GBV Reported Cases (cumulative)\n\nMar2015 - Sep2016\n\n\n\n3,715\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMar Dec Jun Sep\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Types of Hazards\n\nas of September 2016\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n\n\nMRE* Audiences:\n\nApril - September 2016\n\n\n\nThe explosive legacy of confl ict in South\nSudan means that nearly eight million\npeople live in counties which are impacted\nby explosive hazards, with 92 million square\nmetres of land contaminated by such hazards\nrecorded in the Mine Action database. The\nmap below illustrates the spread of known\nexplosive hazards across all of South\nSudan. The full extent of contamination from\nlandmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO)\nremains unknown, as the Greater Upper\nNile region (including Unity, Upper Nile, and\nJonglei) has not yet been comprehensively\nsurveyed and the impact of armed violence\nin the region remains to be quantifi ed.\n\n\nFrom April to June, Mine Action teams were\ndeployed across the country to conduct\nsurveys, clearance, and risk education\nto support protection of civilians, create\nconditions for the delivery of humanitarian\n\n\n\nassistance, and support human rights\nmonitoring and reporting. During this period,\n817 Hazardous Areas were newly reported\nand 871 were cleared. The strong clearance\noutputs during this quarter are partly\nattributable to the late rains and the fact that\nUNMAS retained a larger number of teams\non operations in the month of June, which is\nthe start of the stand down period for Mine\nAction. April commenced with the tragic\nkilling of two deminers in an ambush on the\nYei-Juba road. The security environment\nhas continued to negatively impact on\noperations throughout the reporting period\nand we see this most dramatically in July\nto September when the lowest clearance\noutputs since October 2013 were recorded.\n\n\nThe third quarter of the year was dominated\nby the outbreak of fi ghting in Juba which\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mine Action database", - "confidence": 0.9957499504089355, - "start": 69, - "end": 72 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South\nSudan", - "confidence": 0.9561077952384949, - "start": 37, - "end": 39 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.9550487995147705, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.6933359503746033, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "country", - "confidence": 0.6918701529502869, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2013", - "confidence": 0.7070090770721436, - "start": 296, - "end": 297 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "littered areas of the capital and the outlying\ncity environs with explosive hazards. As\nsoon as the ceasefi re was declared, Mine\nAction teams conducted rapid assessments\nof areas impacted by the fi ghting and\nprioritised locations for survey and clearance\nincluding the UN allocated apron of the\nJuba airport, key routes that were required\nby humanitarian actors, as well as the WFP\ncompound and churches providing shelter\nto IDPs. Following an information campaign\nusing a variety of media including radio, the\nMine Action Hotline received up to 40 calls a\nday in the immediate aftermath of the confl ict.\nThis has since reduced to approximately 4\ncalls per week. One such call was received\nfrom the head teacher of Green Hill Primary\nSchool in the Gudele area of Juba. The\nhead teacher explained that her school had\nbeen hit during the July fi ghting and that\n\n\n\nshe could not allow the children to return.\nMine Action teams immediately responded\nand a visual inspection confi rmed that the\nschool was unsafe. After a period of access\nnegotiation, the school was surveyed and\na number of hazards, including a rocket\npropelled grenade were removed.\n\n\nBeyond Juba, the sub-cluster has received a\nnumber of requests for assistance, including\nfrom schools, which it is unable to respond\nto owing to access constraints. One further\ncomplication which is emerging relates to\nthe ethnic composition of demining teams.\nDeminers now fi nd themselves at risk in\nareas where they have been working for a\nsubstantial period of time.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHazardous Areas - Dec2013 - Sep2016\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n78\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOct-Dec13 Jan-Mar14 Apr-Jun14 Jul-Sep14 Oct-Dec14 Jan-Mar15 Apr-Jun15 Jul-Sep15 Oct-Dec15 Jan-Mar16 Apr-Jun16 Jul-Sep16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RECOMMENDATIONS TO** **IMPROVE PROTECTION OF IDPS**\n\n\n\nTo the Transitional Government of National Unity of South\nSudan and all parties to the confl ict:\n\n\nAs demanded in previous and current resolutions,\nimmediately end the fi ghting throughout South Sudan, and\nrefrain from actions that target civilians and humanitarian\nactors and jeopardize their safety and security.\n\n\nWith close to 200,000 civilians living in the POC sites in\nconditions that do not meet acceptable humanitarian\nstandards, it is paramount that the government work with the\nhumanitarian community and UNMISS to create conditions\nfor them to return to their places of origin or move to where\nthey choose. This includes ensuring security, and providing\nsupport to vulnerable displaced populations in identifi ed\ncommunities.\n\n\nThe leadership is responsible for violations of international\nhumanitarian law and must be held accountable for\nviolations and abuses of human rights, and that South\nSudan\u2019s Transitional Government of National Unity bears\nthe primary responsibility to protect its populations from\ngenocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against\nhumanity.\n\n\n**To UNMISS:**\n\n\nWith over 1.6M internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the\ncountry living outside UNMISS protected (POC) sites, it\nis recommended to shift humanitarian action and existing\nUNMISS capacity and any deployment of additional\npeacekeepers to South Sudan to be utilized in areas\noutside the POC sites where civilians are living to provide\nprotection and increase stability, including the opening of\nprotected safe corridors to allow civilians to fl ee confl ict\nareas to locations where they can seek safety and security.\n\n\nTo ensure the civilian character of the UNMISS POC sites,\n\n\n\nenhance perimeter and internal security of UNMISS POC\nsites, including improved entry point and access control,\nregular searches to identify and separate/isolate armed\nindividuals and security measures to protect women and\nchildren in high risk areas for GBV.\n\n\nIt is recommended that UNMISS and Humanitarian actors\njointly undertake contingency planning for worst case\nscenarios and assess how they can better respond to\nprotect civilians should another major crisis occur.\n\n\nIn accordance with resolution 2252 (2015) it is recommended\nthat UNMISS increase internal coordination between the\nRelief, Re-integration and Protection Section, Human Rights\nDivision, Women Protection Advisors and Child Protection\nUnit in coordinating and cooperating with the Protection\nCluster and other actors. Where possible within the limits\nof their mandate, sharing of information of progress made\non reported human rights violations and protection issues\nto advance measures that enhance human dignity, access\nto rights and welfare of affected individuals residing in and\noutside the POC sites and for investigation and verifi cation\nof human rights and IHL violations to support the eventual\nestablishment of a judicial mechanism (international or\nhybrid) or other transitional justice mechanisms.\n\n\n**To the International Donor Community:**\n\n\nDespite the deteriorating situation in South Sudan, efforts\nfor the protection of civilians, IDPs and refugees must\ncontinue. Resources are needed to improve interventions\nfor the most vulnerable populations, particularly women and\nchildren, including activities that can support communities\noutside of the POC sites and monitoring and reporting of\nhuman rights violations to contribute to the accountability\nof perpetrators and justice for the people in South Sudan.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9674c348-9f0f-3dd6-87e7-6d9de362258d/south_sudan_protection_trends_report_april_sep2016_10112016.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_933/raw/doc_933_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_933/raw/doc_933_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 73ec50ba5b5ab3600c9dd71d940e985bb1dee238..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_933/raw/doc_933_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Stock Taking on the Returns/Relocations and Camp Closure in Borno** **State Nigeria** **Discussion Paper / July 2021**\n\n**Background**\n\n\nThe Borno State Government resumed the closure of several IDP camps and facilitated relocations and\nreturns of IDPs during May to July 2021 despite the previous calls by the Protection Sector to suspend\nreturns/relocation and camp closures. [1] The Protection Sector is concerned about the needs and\nprotection risks of the relocated/returned IDPs. This note/discussion paper seeks to provide an\nopportunity for Protection sector, humanitarian, and development partners to take stock of the current\nstate of the returns/relocations and camp closure in Borno State. Given the current prevailing situation,\n**there is need to Engage, Influence and Change the status quo of the collective advocacy strategy on**\n**the issue by humanitarian and development partners.**\n\n**The Solution Doctrine**\n\nThe Protection Sector recognizes the 3 equally valid \u201cdurable solutions options\u201d: Voluntary Returns,\nRelocation and Local Integration. [2] As these options are NOT solutions by themselves [3], the goal for all\ndisplacement-affected communities (DACs), is sustainable (re)integration [4] . The Protection Sector calls\nupon the Humanitarian Community (CSOs, L/NGOs, INGOs, UN agencies) and Development actors to\nsupport this initiative and align our interventions to provide much needed humanitarian assistance,\nmitigate arising protection needs of the affected IDPs and advance durable solutions prospects for them\nand the host communities in the targeted locations. The Sector proposes the following\nactions/recommendations to progress sustainable (re)integration:\n\n\n1. The need for continuous protection assistance by all actors including the Borno State\n\nGovernment, the Humanitarian, and the Development actors, to displacement-affected\ncommunities (IDPs and host community) with specific focus on their needs and displacementrelated vulnerabilities in both the areas of relocation/returns and during the return process.\n\n\n2. A road map to facilitate safe, dignified, and sustainable returns/relocations to be developed by\n\nthe Humanitarian Community with leadership by the HCT/OHCT to support the Borno State\nGovernment in strengthening the structures (response may include response action, remedial\nand environment building) and re-establishing administrative and security structures in the\nareas of return.\n3. Strengthening of the Post-return Monitoring, Protection Mainstreaming & Training within the\n\nReturn program by the Protection Sector, and protection concerns regularly documented and\nreferred to the relevant partner agencies.\n\n\n1 Protection Concerns Arising from the recent Camp Closures, \u201cHead Counts\u201d and Government induced Camp\nclosures and movement of IDPs. Protection Analysis April 2021\n2 [https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36846-treaty-kampala_convention.pdf](https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36846-treaty-kampala_convention.pdf)\n3 [https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/57441d774.pdf](https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/57441d774.pdf)\n4 [https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2.-IDMC-DS-Module-Basic-concepts-](https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2.-IDMC-DS-Module-Basic-concepts-process-and-principles-Handout.pdf)\n[process-and-principles-Handout.pdf](https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2.-IDMC-DS-Module-Basic-concepts-process-and-principles-Handout.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/070d5082-44e7-3178-8494-d05800639cb1/stock_taking_on_the_returns-relocations_and_camp_closure_in_borno_state_nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** Increase in investment of self-reliance programmes through a multi-stakeholder\u2019s\n(Humanitarian and Development) engagement to promote self-reliance and sustainable\nlivelihoods for the DACs in the return areas, by implementing an accessible poverty-reduction\nprogram that will enable IDPs to understand market opportunities, accumulate savings and build\nviable micro businesses. Achieving self-reliance will need to be measured over a realistic period.\n**5.** Humanitarian actors to offer support towards resilience-building activities for the returned IDPs\n\nthrough investing in innovative accessible approaches to agriculture, income generating\nactivities and socio-cohesion focused initiatives.\n6. A detailed information and analysis on profiles, vulnerabilities, and livelihood capacities of IDPs\n\nand the proposed steps towards implementing durable solutions should be established through\na multi-stakeholder engagement platform.\n7. The Protection Sector proposes the establishment of **Returns Help Desks** through UNHCR\n\nsupport and guidance, to provide information on return to IDPs as well as gather the most\nrelevant information on IDPs return intentions, aspiration and needs.\n8. The HCT/OHCT to encourage and support the Borno State Government to set up multi\nstakeholder coordination and engagement (Humanitarians, BSG, Development Partners) on the\nreturn/relocation process, importantly at the local \u2013 displacement and return location, in order\nto ensure a whole of society approach and progress towards sustainable (re)integration for the\ndisplacement-affected communities in Borno State.\n\n**The Protection Sector Approach to Solutions**\nThe Protection Sector recognizes the likelihood of continued returns, relocations, and camp closures by\nthe Borno State Authority. In response, the HCT/OHCT will:\n\n\n1. Communicate with the Borno State Government for\n\na) alternative solutions to returns/relocation for the most vulnerable IDPs that is\n\nsustainable and/or lead to self-reliance.\nb) the upholding of principles and standards of voluntariness, safety, dignity, and\n\nsustainability, as well as concerns raised by the international community.\n2. Support efforts towards multi-sectoral joint Data collection and Analysis among humanitarian\n\nand development actors detached from any political discourse that reflects the realities and\noperational situation on ground.\n3. Work with humanitarian and development partners to ensure the alignment of humanitarian\n\nand development support and assistance to the Borno State Government 25-year Development\nPlan [5] that seeks to improve on accountable governance, purposeful infrastructures, peace and\nsecurity and reconstruction, rehabilitation and resettlement as enabling pillars to development.\nThis in turn will lead to:\n\na) The drafting of a comprehensive return, reconstruction and (re)integration policy and\n\ninvolvement of development actors in long term planning.\nb) Development of multi-sectoral programs that support a sustainable return and\n\n(re)integration/durable solutions lens in in their implementation and strategic planning.\nc) Government efforts in strengthening the rule of law, administration of justice, good\n\ngovernance by investing in sustainable (re)integration of the returned IDPs. Needs of\nthe returnees (Refugees and IDPs) should be prioritized.\nThe End.\n\n\n5 [https://acsdhr.bo.gov.ng/BSDP/overview.pdf](https://acsdhr.bo.gov.ng/BSDP/overview.pdf)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/070d5082-44e7-3178-8494-d05800639cb1/stock_taking_on_the_returns-relocations_and_camp_closure_in_borno_state_nigeria.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_934/raw/doc_934_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_934/raw/doc_934_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6edc8a1f76cebd43e6156645c0877043a7bfd813..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_934/raw/doc_934_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **LA STRATEGIE DU CLUSTER** **PROTECTION** **MALI**\n\n## **_Mars 2017_**\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 1 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **I. Contexte socio-politique et s\u00e9curitaire**\n\nLe Mali est confront\u00e9 depuis janvier 2012 \u00e0 une profonde crise politique et s\u00e9curitaire ayant de graves\ncons\u00e9quences sur le respect des droits de l'homme ainsi que sur le tissu socio-\u00e9conomique. Cette crise est\nr\u00e9currente depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance et trouve sa source, notamment, dans la faible repr\u00e9sentation des institutions\nde l'\u00c9tat au nord, la fragile coh\u00e9sion sociale inter et intra-communautaire, les effets des conditions\nenvironnementales, climatiques et les chocs \u00e9conomique\n\n\nEn 2012, ce contexte pr\u00e9alablement fragile s\u2019est vu fortement affaibli suite \u00e0 l\u2019occupation des r\u00e9gions du nord\npar les groupes arm\u00e9s (MNLA, AQMI, MUJAO) [1] et l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique due au coup d'\u00e9tat militaire. Les\ngraves violations des droits humains commis par les groupes arm\u00e9s dans ces r\u00e9gions ont eu pour cons\u00e9quence\nla d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire, de protection et humanitaire, du tissu socio-\u00e9conomique et\noccasionn\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 et massif des populations \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du Mali.\n\n\nEn Janvier 2013, l\u2019intervention des forces arm\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises de l\u2019op\u00e9ration Serval avec l\u2019appui des forces\narm\u00e9es maliennes (FAMA) et des forces africaines dans le cadre de la Mission Internationale de Soutien au\nMali ((MISMA), a permis de limiter l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des islamistes et d'am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s aux r\u00e9gions du nord (Gao,\nTombouctou et Kidal). Depuis lors, la situation a consid\u00e9rablement \u00e9volu\u00e9 avec des d\u00e9veloppements majeurs\ntant sur le plan politique, s\u00e9curitaire et humanitaire:\n\n\n- La signature de l\u2019Accord Pr\u00e9liminaire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle et aux pourparlers inclusifs de paix au Mali\nle 28 juin 2013 \u00e0 Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso ;\n\n- La tenue des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielle et l\u00e9gislatives (11 aout 2013) avec la mise en place de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e\nnationale ;\n\n- Le d\u00e9ploiement de la Mission multidimensionnelle Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation au Mali\n(MINUSMA) d\u00e9but\u00e9 en juillet 2013 ;\n\n- La signature de l\u2019Accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali, issu du processus d\u2019Alger parachev\u00e9 le\n20 juin 2015;\n\n- Le retour progressif mais tr\u00e8s lent de l\u2019administration au Nord et au centre et le disfonctionnement de\nplusieurs services de base (sant\u00e9, \u00e9ducation, justice, terre et biens, etc\u2026) ;\n\n- Le retour important des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes depuis fin 2013 et le rapatriement progressif de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s maliens\n\n- La tenue des \u00e9lections communales le 20 novembre 2016 \u00e0 l\u2019exception de certaines localit\u00e9s du nord et du\ncentre\n\n- Le processus de mise en place des autorit\u00e9s int\u00e9rimaires \u00e0 Kidal, Gao, Menaka, Tombouctou et Taoud\u00e9ni\ncomme convenus dans l\u2019accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali\n\n- La mise en place graduelle du MOC (M\u00e9canisme Op\u00e9rationnel de Coordination) pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\ndans les villes principales du nord avant de s\u2019\u00e9largir\n\n- La cr\u00e9ation de la Commission V\u00e9rit\u00e9, Justice et R\u00e9conciliation par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e Nationale en mars 2014\n\nEn d\u00e9pit de ces avanc\u00e9es enregistr\u00e9es ces quatre derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la situation s\u00e9curitaire demeure toujours\ninstable et impr\u00e9visible surtout dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre o\u00f9 certaines localit\u00e9s \u00e9chappent encore\nau contr\u00f4le de l\u2019Etat. Dans ces r\u00e9gions, les groupes arm\u00e9s et radicaux ainsi que les bandits sont tr\u00e8s actifs et la\nmenace terroriste plus pressante. Les menaces et incidents suivants sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement enregistr\u00e9s :\n\n- Les attaques contre les positions de l\u2019arm\u00e9e malienne et des forces internationales par des groupes terroristes\net arm\u00e9s\n\n\n1 _MNLA : Mouvement National pour la Lib\u00e9ration de l'Azawad ; AQMI : Al-Qa\u00efda au Maghreb islamique ; MUJAO : Mouvement pour l\u2019Unicit\u00e9 et le_\n_Djihad en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest._\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 2 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Les tensions et violences inter-intracommunautaires exacerb\u00e9es par les activit\u00e9s des groupes arm\u00e9s et la\ncirculation d\u2019armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petits calibres,\n\n- La prolif\u00e9ration des armes, munitions et la libre circulation d\u2019hommes arm\u00e9s au nord et au centre, etc.\n\n- Les incidents s\u00e9curitaires et de protection isol\u00e9s et/ ou sporadiques (banditisme et attaques contre les civils,\nvictimes de mines et engins explosifs ou restes explosifs de guerre, braquage, enl\u00e8vement, arrestation et\nd\u00e9tention arbitraire, extorsion de biens, meurtre, vol, viol, coups et blessures et autres forfaitures.\n\nLe retard accus\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre effective de l\u2019Accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali parachev\u00e9\nen juin 2015, et dans le processus de DDR contribue \u00e0 la persistance de l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire dans les r\u00e9gions\nde Kidal, Gao, Menaka, Tombouctou et Mopti. Cette instabilit\u00e9 limite l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et aggrave les\nconditions de protection des populations affect\u00e9es.\n\n## **II. Le concept de protection**\n\n\nLe cluster protection \u00e9labore cette strat\u00e9gie en se fondant sur la d\u00e9finition de la protection fournie par l\u2019IASC\n(Inter-Agency Standing Committee) en 1999: \u201cLe concept de protection comprend toutes les activit\u00e9s tendant \u00e0\nobtenir le respect absolu des droits des individus, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la lettre et \u00e0 l\u2019esprit des sources pertinentes\ndu droit (droits de l\u2019homme, droit international humanitaire et droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s). Les organisations des droits\nde l\u2019homme et les organisations humanitaires doivent conduire ces activit\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re impartiale, sans\ndiscrimination fond\u00e9e sur la race, l\u2019origine nationale ou ethnique, la langue ou le genre.\u201d\nLe cluster protection est \u00e9galement guid\u00e9 par les principes, conclusions et \u00e9tudes pertinents notamment, les\nprincipes directeurs relatifs au d\u00e9placement des personnes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays, la convention de\nl\u2019Union Africaine pour la protection et l'assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en Afrique (la convention de\nKampala), les principes op\u00e9rationnels de l\u2019IASC, etc. La protection humanitaire tente donc de pr\u00e9server la\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9, la dignit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des populations vuln\u00e9rables affect\u00e9es par la crise, \u00e0 travers des interventions\nfond\u00e9es sur le droit, en impliquant et soutenant les autorit\u00e9s, et responsabilisant les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es.\n\nLes interventions de protection ont pour objectif de mettre fin aux violences et ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019abus (action\nr\u00e9active), de restaurer la dignit\u00e9, de fournir une assistance r\u00e9paratrice, de soutenir les personnes vivant avec les\neffets des violations (action r\u00e9paratrice), et de cr\u00e9er un environnement qui permet le respect des droits, pr\u00e9vient\net transforme les causes des abus (construction de l\u2019environnement favorable de protection).\n\n\n**III.** **L\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire**\n\nEn d\u00e9pit de la pr\u00e9sence de la MINUSMA, de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration Barkhane, des Forces Arm\u00e9es Maliennes (FAMA) et\nde la signature de l\u2019Accord pour la paix et la r\u00e9conciliation au Mali, la majeure partie des zones d\u2019intervention\nhumanitaires dans le nord et le centre du Mali se trouve dans une situation s\u00e9curitaire tr\u00e8s volatile en raison du\nmanque de restauration de l\u2019\u00e9tat dans certaines zones du nord et du centre, ainsi que notamment de la pr\u00e9sence\ncontinue des groupes et bandits arm\u00e9s, de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme religieux, de la menace terroriste et de la pr\u00e9sence des\nmines et des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s. Ceci constitue une pr\u00e9occupation majeure pour les acteurs\nhumanitaires, pour le maintien de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019espace humanitaire, pour un environnement protecteur satisfaisant\net pour la d\u00e9livrance de l\u2019assistance.\nAinsi, de janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2016, 68 contraintes [2] d\u2019acc\u00e8s essentiellement des attaques contre le personnel, les\nbiens et les infrastructures humanitaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre. Ces\ncontraintes se sont traduites souvent par des attaques directes contre les acteurs humanitaires, les pillages de\nbiens, les vols de v\u00e9hicules, motos (utilis\u00e9s notamment pour assurer les cliniques mobiles et les braquages).\n\n\n_2 https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/humanitarian_access_2016_janvier-decembre_fr_0.pdf_\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 3 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Toutefois, les ONGs nationales et internationales s'efforcent de fournir directement l\u2019assistance ou par le biais\ndes r\u00e9seaux nationaux et d'organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\n\nEn 2016, 66 acteurs de protection dont 23 nationaux \u00e9taient pr\u00e9sents dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre avec\nun acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 certaines localit\u00e9s et/ ou interrompu par moment pour des raisons li\u00e9es au faible financement\ndu secteur (6% des fonds requis pour le HRP 2016), aux contraintes logistiques, physiques et /ou s\u00e9curitaires.\nDans la r\u00e9gion de Gao, 4 projets de VBG (IRC, GREFFA, WILDAF, AJM) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s par manque de\nfinancement en mars 2016; 3 projets (FCI/MSH, APDF, ODI SAHEL) dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti pendant la\nm\u00eame p\u00e9riode et 2 projets (ODEF, AJM) de prise en charge des survivants(es) de VBG interrompu \u00e0\nTombouctou en avril 2016 par manque de financement [3] .\n\n## **IV. Analyse de la situation de protection**\n\n\nLa capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat malien et des structures locales \u00e0 fournir une protection fiable \u00e0 la population civile et\nun acc\u00e8s ad\u00e9quat aux services sociaux de base, en particulier dans la majeure partie des r\u00e9gions de Kidal,\nMenaka, Taoud\u00e9ni, Tombouctou, Mopti et Gao est entrav\u00e9e par la persistance de la crise politique et\nhumanitaire, la pr\u00e9sence limit\u00e9e de l'\u00e9tat et l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans ces r\u00e9gions.\n\nBien que des efforts louables soient consentis ces quatre derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es par le gouvernement et ses partenaires\npour la protection et l\u2019assistance aux populations affect\u00e9es par la crise, un nombre important de personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables est encore dans le besoin de protection physique et l\u00e9gale (environ 592 000 individus) [4] . Le sous\nfinancement des activit\u00e9s de protection (30% de financement re\u00e7u le HRP en 2014, 11% en 2015 et Seulement\n6% 2016,) [5] a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la fragilisation de l\u2019intervention des acteurs humanitaires de protection.\n\n\n**1.** **Mouvement de population**\n\nA la date du 31 janvier 2017, la Commission Mouvement de Population a comptabilis\u00e9 le retour de 543 605 [6]\npersonnes dont 487 011 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes retourn\u00e9es et 56 594 rapatri\u00e9es en provenance des pays\nd\u2019asile. Toutefois, 139 795 maliens sont encore refugi\u00e9s au Niger, en Mauritanie et au Burkina Faso. En date\ndu 28 f\u00e9vrier, 45 766 [7] personnes sont encore recens\u00e9es d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du Mali et principalement dans\nles centres urbains des r\u00e9gions de M\u00e9naka, S\u00e9gou, Tombouctou et Gao. Or, certaines de ces localit\u00e9s sont\n\u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les zones de retour des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes mais aussi des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nEn outre, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 en 2016, des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s temporaires de populations \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays\n(tr\u00e8s souvent sur courtes dur\u00e9es) ainsi que de nouvelles demandes d\u2019asile dans les pays voisins en raison\nnotamment des affrontements entre les groupes arm\u00e9s et des conflits inter communautaires malgr\u00e9 le peu de\npr\u00e9sence de l\u2019appareil \u00e9tatique\n\nUne enqu\u00eate r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en avril 2016 par la DNDS et OIM aupr\u00e8s de 10% de la population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e forc\u00e9e montre\nque 55,2% souhaitent retourner dans leur localit\u00e9 d\u2019origine tandis que 43,2% d\u00e9clare ne pas \u00eatre pr\u00eat pour cause\nd\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de manque de moyen de subsistance.\n\n\n_3 Mali- Rapport Mensuel Juillet 2016, Lutte contre les violences bas\u00e9es sur le Genre_\n_[4 Plan de R\u00e9ponses Humanitaires Mali \u2013 2017 (ochamali@un.orghttp://mali.humanitarianresponse.info)](mailto:ochamali@un.orghttp://mali.humanitarianresponse.info)_\n_[5 Financial Tracking Service (https://ftsarchive.unocha.org)](https://ftsarchive.unocha.org/)_\n_6 Rapport DTM Janvier 2017_\n_7 Rapport TDT F\u00e9vrier 2017_\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 4 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mouvement de population", - "confidence": 0.726270854473114, - "start": 383, - "end": 386 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Commission Mouvement de Population", - "confidence": 0.7360458374023438, - "start": 397, - "end": 401 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.6504736542701721, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5873833894729614, - "start": 394, - "end": 395 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "enqu\u00eate", - "confidence": 0.6639554500579834, - "start": 576, - "end": 577 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6092325448989868, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.8190664052963257, - "start": 518, - "end": 519 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e forc\u00e9e", - "confidence": 0.8010987639427185, - "start": 592, - "end": 595 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Les risques de protection**\nEn g\u00e9n\u00e9ral les risques de protection auxquels les personnes vivant dans le nord et le centre du Mali sont\nconfront\u00e9es se caract\u00e9risent par la menace \u00e0 la vie, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la suret\u00e9, la menace \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la libre\ncirculation, la pr\u00e9sence de mines, de restes explosifs de guerre et d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s, la prolif\u00e9ration\ndes armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et des munitions, les violences li\u00e9es au genre et au sexe, l\u2019enr\u00f4lement des enfants par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s et autres violations des droits des enfants, les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice, aux documents\nd\u2019\u00e9tat civil et aux autres biens et services de base (moyens de subsistance, terres, etc.)\n\n\n- **Menace \u00e0 la vie, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la suret\u00e9**\nLa population vivant au nord et au centre, y compris les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes, retourn\u00e9es et rapatri\u00e9es,\nest confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des menaces graves affectant son droit \u00e0 la vie, la suret\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Ces menaces sont\nd\u2019avantage accrues par la prolif\u00e9ration des armes et munitions, l\u2019activisme des hommes et groupes arm\u00e9s, y\ncompris les menaces terroristes, mais aussi et surtout la recrudescence des tensions inter et intracommunautaires dans des zones ou le retour des instances de l\u2019\u00e9tat est faible. Elles affectent la libert\u00e9 de\nmouvement et la prise de d\u00e9cision des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es forc\u00e9es quant \u00e0 leur r\u00e9int\u00e9gration durable dans leurs\nlocalit\u00e9s d\u2019origine ou de leur choix. Il s\u2019agit en particulier, de meurtre, assassinat, agression physique ou coups et\nblessures, torture ou traitement cruel, et autres outrages \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 de la personne, violence sexuelle et/ou li\u00e9e\nau genre dont le viol et l\u2019agression, l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, y compris la prostitution et les rapports forc\u00e9s en\n\u00e9change d\u2019aide, les grossesses pr\u00e9coces ou forc\u00e9es, enl\u00e8vement, d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9, harc\u00e8lement, intimidation\net contrainte ; destruction des moyens de subsistance et des biens dont les terres, les champs, les vols de\nv\u00e9hicules, motos, b\u00e9tails et autres biens, le cambriolage, le pillage, l\u2019exploitation, l\u2019obstruction de l\u2019action de\nl\u2019\u00e9tat et d\u2019aide humanitaire.\n\nEnfin, d\u2019autres formes de menaces inflig\u00e9es aux civils par les groupes extr\u00e9mistes sont les attaques directes ou\nindiscrimin\u00e9es contre des civils consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme informateurs des forces maliennes ou \u00e9trang\u00e8res et/ ou des\ncommunaut\u00e9s humanitaires dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre ainsi que l\u2019enr\u00f4lement forc\u00e9 dans des groupes\narm\u00e9s, y compris des enfants et jeunes adultes. Dans le courant de juillet \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2016, 650 incidents de\nprotection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s dans 53 communes des r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre dont 56% \u00e0 Gao (y compris\nAnsongo et Menaka), 29% dans la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou et 12% dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti. La restriction de\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, les d\u00e9fis de ressources et de communication ont affect\u00e9 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des r\u00e9sultats des\nprojets de monitoring et d\u2019\u00e9valuation de protection \u00e0 Kidal et dans plusieurs autres localit\u00e9s\n\n- **Violences sexuelles et li\u00e9es au genre**\nLa violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre est l'un des plus grands d\u00e9fis de protection auxquels les individus, les familles\net les communaut\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9es au Mali et en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre. Ces\nviolations et les formes les moins reconnues de violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre - la violence conjugale, le mariage\ndes mineurs, les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines, la traite des \u00eatres humains, la violence physique et\npsychologique et le d\u00e9ni des ressources/d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s - sont \u00e9galement commis avec une fr\u00e9quence inqui\u00e9tante.\nLa violence sexuelle non seulement traumatise ses survivant(e)s, elle porte \u00e9galement atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9silience\nde la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ce qui rend plus difficile la reconstruction et la r\u00e9conciliation.\n\nIl est important de noter que tr\u00e8s peu de cas sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s (et donc document\u00e9s) par peur des repr\u00e9sailles et de\nla stigmatisation mais aussi du fait du faible acc\u00e8s aux populations et aux services de prise en charge holistique.\nCeci peut s\u2019expliquer \u00e9galement par le fait que la plupart des probl\u00e8mes touchant les familles sont n\u00e9goci\u00e9s et\nr\u00e9solus par les leaders traditionnels en l'absence de l'administration, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou du syst\u00e8me judiciaire.\nAu cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2016, le nombre total des cas de VBG rapport\u00e9 est de 2 164 dont 99% des survivants sont\ndes femmes et filles. Les types de VBG rapport\u00e9s incluent les violences sexuelles (35%) dont 8% de cas de viols\net 29% de cas d\u2019agressions sexuelles, les agressions physiques (29%), les violences psychologiques et\n\u00e9motionnelles (16%) et autres.\nCette situation pr\u00e9vaut actuellement alors qu\u2019environ 70% des localit\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es par la crise\nn\u2019ont pas de services de prise en charge de qualit\u00e9. M\u00eame dans les localit\u00e9s couvertes, la r\u00e9ponse apport\u00e9e est\ninsuffisante aux besoins des survivant(e)s. Par cons\u00e9quent, 57% n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une assistance juridique,\n63% des survivants n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s aux services de S\u00e9curit\u00e9/Protection, 13% des survivant(e)s n\u2019ont pas\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 5 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de services m\u00e9dicaux, 25% des survivant(e)s sont en besoin de r\u00e9insertion socio\u00e9conomique et 26%\ndes survivant(e)s n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de services d\u2019h\u00e9bergement en lieu s\u00fbr.\nLe besoin en kits de prise en charge de viol est \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de Mopti o\u00f9 seulement 20% des structures\nsanitaires disposent de ces kits. Ce besoin reste \u00e9lev\u00e9 aussi \u00e0 Gao o\u00f9 40% de ces kits sont disponibles alors\nqu\u2019il est relativement faible dans la r\u00e9gion de Tombouctou avec 60% de disponibilit\u00e9 de ces kits dans les\nstructures de sant\u00e9. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Kidal, la r\u00e9gion la plus affect\u00e9e par des conflits arm\u00e9s, aucune information\nn\u2019est encore disponible en raison de la faiblesse des interventions humanitaires sur les Violences sexuelles et\nbas\u00e9es sur le genre dans cette r\u00e9gion.\n\nIl est urgent et crucial de renforcer et d\u2019\u00e9tendre les interventions VBG afin d\u2019assurer aux survivant(e)s des\nservices de prise en charge holistiques (m\u00e9dical, psychosocial, s\u00e9curitaire et juridique) appropri\u00e9s dans toutes\nles localit\u00e9s des r\u00e9gions du Mali affect\u00e9es par la crise.\n\n- **Violations des droits des enfants**\nLes enfants au Mali sont fortement \u00e0 risque de plusieurs violations notamment le recrutement forc\u00e9 par les\ngroupes arm\u00e9s, l\u2019assassinat, les violences de type sexuel, les incidents de mines et d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s,\nle manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation scolaire, et l\u2019occupation des \u00e9coles par les groupes arm\u00e9s, l\u2019arrestation et la\ns\u00e9questration des enfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s ou forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la restriction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire (le\nMRM de 2016 montre une augmentation des violences graves commises contre les enfants dans le courant du\ndernier trimestre, 59 cas contre 47 cas au troisi\u00e8me trimestre de 2016) [8]\n\n\nAu Mali, les risques de protection engendr\u00e9s par la s\u00e9paration familiale trouvent leur source aussi bien dans\nles crises que dans les pratiques socio-culturelles comme la \u00ab garde \u00bb des enfants chez les maitres coraniques,\nl\u2019enr\u00f4lement dans les groupes extr\u00e9mistes religieux, et dans les groupes arm\u00e9s. Les cons\u00e9quences sont\nmultiples : l\u2019abus et l\u2019exploitation sexuelle, harc\u00e8lement, travail forc\u00e9, acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, l\u2019utilisation des\nenfants par les groupes arm\u00e9s etc. Il y a \u00e9galement des risques potentiels li\u00e9s aux probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9insertion des\nenfants dans leur milieu d\u2019origine m\u00eame apr\u00e8s leur s\u00e9jour dans les centres de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation sociale.\n\n- **Pr\u00e9sence de mines, restes explosifs de guerre, engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s et prolif\u00e9ration**\n**des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et munitions**\nLes conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 se sont consid\u00e9rablement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9es dans le nord et le centre du Mali depuis les\ncrises de 2012. La menace explosive, qui se traduit par la pr\u00e9sence des restes explosifs de guerre, des engins\nexplosifs improvis\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9gions concern\u00e9es, influe sur la protection et la mobilit\u00e9 de la population civile\net affecte le d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9conomique. Les efforts de stabilisation et de reconstruction post-crise\nsont entrav\u00e9s et la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des personnes vivant dans les zones affect\u00e9es s\u2019est accrue: pertes en vies\nhumaines, blessures, handicap physique et cons\u00e9quences psychosociales et socio-\u00e9conomiques, privation des\npopulations de leurs moyens de subsistance (p\u00e2turages, champs, infrastructures communautaires), la fermeture\nde certaines routes par la pr\u00e9sence des engins explosifs qui entrave aussi les actions humanitaires, le d\u00e9ploiement\ndes forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des acteurs \u00e9tatiques, et le retour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. L\u2019utilisation\ngrandissante des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s a caus\u00e9 une augmentation proportionnelle des victimes civiles et\n\u00e9galement obstru\u00e9 la libre circulation des personnes et des biens. La prolif\u00e9ration des armes et des munitions\ncontinue d\u2019attiser les tensions intercommunautaires, le banditisme et la criminalit\u00e9 avec des influences indirectes\nsur l\u2019action humanitaire.\n\nEn 2016, le groupe de travail lutte anti mine humanitaire a enqu\u00eat\u00e9 dans 97 villages et nettoy\u00e9 537 315 m\u00e8tres\ncarr\u00e9s alors que 1 858 restes explosifs de guerre (REG) identifi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. Comparativement aux ann\u00e9es\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, le nombre de victimes d\u2019engins explosifs improvis\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 atteignant 70 morts parmi\nlesquels 17 civils et 184 bless\u00e9s dont 157 militaires. La proportion des enfants et adolescents parmi les victimes\nciviles des restes explosifs de guerre a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en 2016, soit 91,30% des civiles contre 72,22% en 2015.\n\n- **Manque/ difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice, aux documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil et aux services de base**\nDepuis 2013, la situation des droits de l\u2019homme (cf d\u00e9finition IASC) au Mali a continu\u00e9 d'\u00eatre marqu\u00e9e par des\n\n\n_8 MRM (Monitoring and reporting mechanism on grave violation against children) dernier trimestre 2016._\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 6 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "violations diverses et des abus commis par les groupes et hommes arm\u00e9s, les forces arm\u00e9es maliennes, les\ngroupes terroristes et entre les populations civiles. Les violences inter et intra-communautaires dans le nord et\nle centre du pays continuent de faire de nombreuses victimes. Les arrestations d'individus par les forces arm\u00e9es\npouvant rev\u00eatir un caract\u00e8re arbitraire continuent d'\u00eatre document\u00e9es par les institutions de d\u00e9fense des droits\nde l\u2019homme.\nLes obstacles \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice pour les victimes de violations graves des droits de l\u2019homme, tiennent sources\ndes dysfonctionnements de l'administration judiciaire (ex. l\u2019absence ou le manque de personne judiciaire et\np\u00e9nitentiaire dans le nord et le centre en raison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9,), des conditions de d\u00e9tention, de l'insuffisance\ndes soins m\u00e9dicaux, des mauvais traitements, de l\u2019absence de cadre de protection des t\u00e9moins devant les\ntribunaux et de manque de confiance dans le syst\u00e8me judiciaire au sein de la population, et surtout de l'impunit\u00e9\npersistante des auteurs, de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du poids culturel. Ces sources constituent une pr\u00e9occupation majeure\npour les acteurs de la promotion et de protection des droits de l'homme et affectent les victimes et les pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s\nauteurs. La justice transitionnelle soutenue par l\u2019Etat, ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie pas suffisamment de l\u2019encadrement et de\nrenforcement de capacit\u00e9s des acteurs humanitaires. En 2016, seulement 16% des victimes de violations graves\ndocument\u00e9es ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019assistance des services des droits de l\u2019homme pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la justice.\n\nLe d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 des personnes suite aux crises perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es a accru la perte des documents d\u2019\u00e9tat civil\nfaiblement livr\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s nationales bien avant le d\u00e9clenchement des hostilit\u00e9s en 2012 et surtout dans\nles r\u00e9gions du nord. Ce besoin d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux documents est encore particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9sent au nord et au centre\n\u00e0 cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, de l\u2019absence des autorit\u00e9s et des infrastructures \u00e9tatiques. Il affecte le droit \u00e0 la circulation\nde personnes et engendre des cons\u00e9quences multiples, notamment la restriction des libert\u00e9s de circulation,\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de base, la difficult\u00e9 de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des biens perdus pendant la crise, les mouvements de\nretour des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les arrestations arbitraires et divers autres risques de protection.\nUne \u00e9tude sur l\u2019identit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale et la documentation civile r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par NRC en janvier 2016 r\u00e9v\u00e8le que seulement\n46% de la population dispose de carte d\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale et 31% d\u2019acte de naissance; elle est plus faible chez\nles personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es soit 20,9% d\u2019acte de naissance.\n\n## **V. Objectifs de la strat\u00e9gie du cluster**\n\n\n**1.** **Approche du cluster protection**\n\n\nL\u2019approche du cluster protection dans la pr\u00e9sente strat\u00e9gie consiste \u00e0 promouvoir la protection des populations\naffect\u00e9es par les crises humanitaires et les calamit\u00e9s naturelles au Mali, et en particulier les plus vuln\u00e9rables ;\nelle vise \u00e9galement \u00e0 renforcer le partenariat strat\u00e9gique avec le gouvernement et les acteurs nationaux en vue\nde pr\u00e9parer la transition de l\u2019humanitaire au d\u00e9veloppement et aux acteurs \u00e9tatiques\n\nL\u2019am\u00e9lioration du m\u00e9canisme d\u2019identification des probl\u00e8mes de protection, leur analyse syst\u00e9matique et la mise\nen \u0153uvre des plans de r\u00e9ponses aux besoins de la population civile seront des priorit\u00e9s du cluster. La strat\u00e9gie\ntient compte des risques de protection auxquels sont expos\u00e9es les populations du fait du caract\u00e8re prolong\u00e9 de\nla crise, de l\u2019aggravation de la menace terroriste et de la persistance de la criminalit\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions du nord\net du centre.\n\nTenant compte des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et de couverture des r\u00e9gions affect\u00e9es par les crises, des\nbesoins de financement des projets de protection et des besoins de formation des acteurs de protection, le cluster\nrenforcera le partenariat strat\u00e9gique avec le gouvernement et ses services d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s, les partenaires\ntechniques et financiers (PTF) ainsi que les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement. Il continuera le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s\ndes acteurs de protection y compris \u00e9tatiques et nationaux et de la collaboration avec les autres secteurs\nhumanitaires afin de promouvoir la centralit\u00e9 de la protection, la coh\u00e9sion sociale entre les communaut\u00e9s et\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 7 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "l\u2019acc\u00e8s de la population aux services sociaux de base. Elle travaillera directement avec la population affect\u00e9e\npour la promotion des capacit\u00e9s communautaires et le d\u00e9veloppement des m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9silience qui\npermettent aux personnes vuln\u00e9rables elles-m\u00eames de se prot\u00e9ger et de donner effet \u00e0 leurs droits \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9,\n\u00e0 la protection, \u00e0 l\u2019assistance et au d\u00e9veloppement. Le cluster protection appuiera \u00e9galement la mise en \u0153uvre\npar les autres secteurs, des 4 principes de protection transversale \u00e0 travers la mise en \u0153uvre et le suivi d\u2019un plan\nd\u2019action dans l\u2019assistance humanitaire.\n\nEtant donn\u00e9 le caract\u00e8re politique et s\u00e9curitaire de la crise et de l\u2019absence de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tat dans certaines\nlocalit\u00e9s des r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre, le plaidoyer sera un des outils fondamentaux de protection pour le\ncluster. Enfin, le renforcement du r\u00f4le de coordination et du leadership du cluster au niveau national et r\u00e9gional\nest n\u00e9cessaire pour l\u2019harmonisation des outils, la coordination des interventions, la mise en \u0153uvre et le suivi de\nla strat\u00e9gie et de son plan d\u2019action.\n\n\n**2.** **Objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral**\n\n\nLa mise en \u0153uvre des aspects protection de l\u2019Accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali fait partie\nint\u00e9grante de cette strat\u00e9gie. Le cluster protection appuiera le renforcement du cadre juridique national de\nprotection \u00e0 travers le renforcement de capacit\u00e9, la promotion des droits et les plaidoyers ainsi que le soutien\nau processus d\u2019int\u00e9gration de la Convention de Kampala en droit interne afin de _**\u00ab R\u00e9duire la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9**_\n_**des personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise et renforcer la pr\u00e9vention des risques et la r\u00e9ponse de protection en**_\n_**faveur de la population cible\u00bb.**_\n\n\n\n**3.** **Objectifs strat\u00e9giques**\n\nAu regard des besoins de protection de la population affect\u00e9e, le cluster a identifi\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes prioritaires\nde protection et fix\u00e9 les objectifs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Probl\u00e8mes prioritaires de protection|Objectifs de protection (strat\u00e9giques)|\n|---|---|\n|La violation des droits de l\u2019homme, la persistance
de la menace et la fragilisation de la r\u00e9ponse
(\u00e9tatique, humanitaire et communautaire) suite aux
difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s y compris humanitaire|Renforcer l\u2019environnement protecteur par une analyse
ad\u00e9quate de la situation de protection des populations
affect\u00e9es et le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des acteurs de
protection y compris les autorit\u00e9s et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile|\n|La restriction de l\u2019environnement de protection de la
population vuln\u00e9rable face \u00e0 la recrudescence des
conflits communautaires, \u00e0 la prolif\u00e9ration des armes
l\u00e9g\u00e8res, des mines, des restes explosifs de guerre et
des engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s et face aux calamit\u00e9s
naturelles|
Renforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse de protection des
personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise au Mali, y compris contre
les menaces des mines, des engins explosifs et d\u2019armes
l\u00e9g\u00e8res, les conflits communautaires et les calamit\u00e9s
naturelles|\n|L\u2019\u00e9tendu des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre et le
manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux r\u00e9ponses int\u00e9grales, en
particulier dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre|Renforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux violences
sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans le centre et le nord
par la mise en \u0153uvre de strat\u00e9gies ad\u00e9quates de
r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et de renforcement des services m\u00e9dicaux,
psycho-sociaux et judiciaires|\n|Les probl\u00e8mes de protection des enfants et en
particulier, les enfants associ\u00e9s aux groupes arm\u00e9s,
les enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et enfants talib\u00e9s, et le manque
d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et aux soins ad\u00e9quats.|Renforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse en faveur des
enfants victimes du conflit et de violations de droits
|\n|Application limit\u00e9e de la protection transversale
dans la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire \u00e0 la crise malienne|Renforcer la compr\u00e9hension et la mise en \u0153uvre de la
protection transversale par tous les acteurs de
l\u2019intervention humanitaires au Mali|\n\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 8 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Dans le cadre de cette strat\u00e9gie, les principaux r\u00e9sultats attendus de chaque objectif strat\u00e9gique sont d\u00e9taill\u00e9s\npour permettre une meilleure d\u00e9finition des activit\u00e9s dans le plan d\u2019action.\n\n**Objectif 1**\nRenforcer l\u2019environnement protecteur par une analyse ad\u00e9quate de la situation de protection des populations\naffect\u00e9es et le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des acteurs de protection y compris les autorit\u00e9s et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|R\u00e9sultats|Acteurs|\n|---|---|\n|Le syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection et d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce est fonctionnel et les outils de
collecte et d\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es sont harmonis\u00e9s|CP|\n|Le m\u00e9canisme de suivi et de communication sur les mouvements de population est
op\u00e9rationnel et ponctuel|CMP|\n|les matrices de protection sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement mises \u00e0 jour pour identifier les besoins
prioritaires de protection dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre|CRP|\n|Les m\u00e9canismes d'enqu\u00eates et de reporting sur les violations des droits de l'homme sont
op\u00e9rationnels|AJED|\n|L\u2019assistance juridique aux victimes, la r\u00e9ponse judicaire aux graves violations des droits
de l'homme et de la lutte contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9 sont assur\u00e9es|AJED|\n|La communication et les actions de plaidoyers sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement conduites aupr\u00e8s des
autorit\u00e9s, de la MINUSMA et d\u2019autres cibles en faveur de la protection et de l\u2019assistance \u00e0
la population affect\u00e9e par la crise|CP, GCS|\n|La capacit\u00e9 des acteurs de protection y compris \u00e9tatiques, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et communaut\u00e9
locale est renforc\u00e9e en termes de protection et d\u2019assistance aux populations affect\u00e9es|CP|\n|L\u2019implication des acteurs \u00e9tatiques dans la coordination des clusters y compris des groupes
th\u00e9matiques est effective et le partenariat avec les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement renforc\u00e9|CP, Groupes
th\u00e9matiques|\n\n\n**Objectif 2**\nRenforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse de protection des personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise au Mali, y compris\ncontre les menaces des mines, d\u2019engins explosifs et d\u2019armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res, les conflits communautaires et les calamit\u00e9s\nnaturelles\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|R\u00e9sultats|Acteurs|\n|---|---|\n|Les capacit\u00e9s des acteurs \u00e9tatiques, de la communaut\u00e9 et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile
sont renforc\u00e9es en termes de pr\u00e9vention, gestion des conflits et des risques
lies aux mines, restes explosifs de guerre, engins explosifs improvis\u00e9s et
armes l\u00e9g\u00e8re et de petit calibre.|Acteurs Coh\u00e9sion sociale,
LHAM|\n|Les victimes de calamit\u00e9s, des mines, restes explosifs de guerre, engin
explosifs improvis\u00e9s, armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre sont identifi\u00e9es,
assist\u00e9s ou r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour un soutien appropri\u00e9|LHAM|\n|Les conflits r\u00e9currents sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s et les actions de coh\u00e9sion sociale et
de rapprochement communautaire sont mises en \u0153uvre avec une
collaboration renforc\u00e9e des autorit\u00e9s et de la communaut\u00e9|Acteurs de coh\u00e9sion sociale,
MP, acteurs \u00e9tatique et
communaut\u00e9s|\n\n\n**Objectif 3**\nRenforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre dans le centre et le nord par\nla mise en \u0153uvre de strat\u00e9gies ad\u00e9quates de r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement et de renforcement des services m\u00e9dicaux, psychosociaux et judiciaires\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 9 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|R\u00e9sultats|Acteurs|\n|---|---|\n|Les services de prise en charge (PEC) m\u00e9dicale, psycho-sociale, juridique et
judiciaire des survivants des VBG sont mis en place et renforc\u00e9s|Sous cluster - VBG|\n|Les risques de protection relatifs aux violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre sont
r\u00e9duits|Sous cluster - VBG|\n|La capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tat et des acteurs de VBG est renforc\u00e9e dans la pr\u00e9vention, la
protection et la r\u00e9ponse aux violences sexuelles et bas\u00e9es sur le genre|Sous cluster - VBG|\n|Le syst\u00e8me de collecte des donn\u00e9es GBVIMS est op\u00e9rationnel pour appuyer la
programmation et le plaidoyer|Sous cluster - VBG|\n\n\n\n**Objectif 4**\nRenforcer la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse en faveur des enfants victimes du conflit et de violations de droits\n\n\n\n\n\n|R\u00e9sultats|Acteurs|\n|---|---|\n|Un syst\u00e8me national d'information sur la protection de l'enfant est op\u00e9rationnel
(MRM, CPIMS+)|Sous cluster de Protection
de l\u2019Enfant|\n|La pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux besoins de protection de l'enfant sont assur\u00e9es|Sous cluster de Protection
de l\u2019Enfant|\n|La capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tat et des acteurs de protection des enfants est renforc\u00e9e dans la
pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9ponse aux probl\u00e8mes de protection des enfants|Sous cluster de Protection
de l\u2019Enfant|\n\n\n**Objectif 5**\nRenforcer la compr\u00e9hension et la mise en \u0153uvre de la protection transversale par tous les acteurs de\nl\u2019intervention humanitaires au Mali\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|R\u00e9sultats|Acteurs|\n|---|---|\n|Un plan d\u2019action pour la promotion et le suivi des principes de la protection
transversale est disponible et op\u00e9rationnel|Cluster protection, OCHA,
ICC, EHP|\n|Les 4 principes de protection transversale sont connus, respect\u00e9s et mis en
\u0153uvre dans toute l\u2019action humanitaire|Acteurs humanitaires|\n\n\n## **VI. Collecte de donn\u00e9es, d\u2019analyse de protection et de partage d\u2019information**\n\nL'obtention r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, la mise \u00e0 jour et l\u2019analyse syst\u00e9matique de l'information sur les probl\u00e8mes de protection\net l\u2019\u00e9valuation participative avec les populations cibles sont des conditions n\u00e9cessaires pour la prise de d\u00e9cision\nsur les activit\u00e9s, le plaidoyer et la planification strat\u00e9gique du cluster protection et de la communaut\u00e9\nhumanitaire sous la coordination de la Coordinatrice Humanitaire. Depuis 2014, suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction progressive\ndes ressources financi\u00e8res et humaines pour les projets de protection dans l\u2019op\u00e9ration du Mali (10% en 2015 et\n6% en 2016) et compte tenu de la restriction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire, les projets de monitoring de protection et\nd\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce ont faiblement \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en \u0153uvre les deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es affectant cons\u00e9quemment la qualit\u00e9\nde l\u2019analyse de protection.\n\nLe cluster protection renforcera ses capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 syst\u00e9matiser et consolider les donn\u00e9es quantitatives et\nqualitatives des syst\u00e8mes de monitoring (GBV-IMS, MARA, MRM, DTM, Protection monitoring et autres\nsyst\u00e8mes de suivi de violations et abus de droits) et \u00e0 produire des rapports r\u00e9guliers et des rapports th\u00e9matiques.\n\nLes activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues par le cluster protection consistent \u00e0 :\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 10 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Renforcer la gestion d'information : collecte et d\u2019analyse de protection Harmoniser les outils de monitoring\net d\u2019\u00e9valuation de protection et renforcer la capacit\u00e9 des acteurs de protection et en particulier ceux du\nterrain sur l\u2019utilisation des outils de collecte et de transmission de donn\u00e9es\n\n- Mobiliser les acteurs de protection pour la collecte et l\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es de protection\n\n- Continuer le suivi des mouvements de population et renforcer la pr\u00e9sentation d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9e des donn\u00e9es de la\npopulation suivant leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\n\n- Mettre en place des bases de donn\u00e9es qualitatives et quantitatives de protection.\n\n- Organiser des missions conjointes d\u2019\u00e9valuation de protection conform\u00e9ment aux standards de monitoring\nde protection communautaire pour des fins d\u2019analyse plus fine des probl\u00e8mes importants ou th\u00e9matique de\nprotection\n\nLe cluster protection devra produire et partager r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement avec les acteurs cl\u00e9s, les produits d\u2019analyse\nsuivant:\n\n- Alertes sur des incidents de protection et les mouvements de population, y compris les mouvements\ntransfrontaliers,\n\n- Rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation de protection\n\n- Bulletins mensuels de protection,\n\n- Matrice de protection relatif \u00e0 l\u2019identification des zones ou axes \u00e0 risque (chaque deux mois)\n\n- Rapports de mouvements ponctuels de population\n\n- Rapports mensuels de tendances de mouvement de population/ DTM\n\n- Rapports MRM\n\n- Rapports mensuels GBV-IMS\n\n- Rapports mensuels sur les th\u00e9matiques de protection\n\n## **VII. Strat\u00e9gie de plaidoyer du cluster protection**\n\nLa crise au Mali se reconnait de sa forte complexit\u00e9, de causes historiquement profondes et caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la\nvari\u00e9t\u00e9 de sa dimension s\u00e9curitaire, politique, humanitaire et en protection.\nLa r\u00e9ponse de protection, en d\u00e9pit de son acteur, gouvernement ou acteurs non \u00e9tatiques, forces internationales\nou acteurs humanitaires, est encore largement insuffisante dans plusieurs parties des r\u00e9gions du nord et du\ncentre. Etant donn\u00e9 l\u2019absence de l\u2019\u00e9tat dans certaines de ces localit\u00e9s et tenant compte du mandat de protection\ndes civils (PoC) de la Mission Multidimensionnelle Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation au Mali\n(MINUSMA), le cluster protection utilisera le plaidoyer comme un des principaux outils pour la protection\nphysique de la population affect\u00e9e par les crises et pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et\ndu centre.\n\nLe cluster doit jouer un r\u00f4le fondamental de plaidoyer. Il r\u00e9unit des ONGs nationales et internationales\n(quelques-unes avec des capacit\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res de plaidoyer) et des agences onusiennes avec des mandats et des\nexpertises importantes de plaidoyer. Il est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019EHP, \u00e0 l\u2019Inter-Cluster, \u00e0 la CIMCOORD, au GIAC,\naux r\u00e9unions du Groupes de Travail de la Protection des Civils de la MINUSMA (niveau national et r\u00e9gional)\net \u00e0 d\u2019autres instances de coordination humanitaires. Ses rapports guident la prise de d\u00e9cision \u00e0 chaque instance\nde coordination. Il est soutenu par le Cluster Global de Protection \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, qui peut aussi aider \u00e0 relayer des\nmessages \u00e0 haut niveau.\n\nL\u2019objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des activit\u00e9s de plaidoyer est de promouvoir les normes, les politiques et les pratiques\nconformes aux standards internationaux pour les acteurs ayant des responsabilit\u00e9s de protection, ou ceux ayant\nune influence importante dans la protection des personnes affect\u00e9es par la crise. Pour le cluster protection, la\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 11 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "strat\u00e9gie de plaidoyer devra \u00eatre \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire et de l\u2019environnement\nprotecteur dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre, le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s de collecte et d\u2019analyse de\nl\u2019information de protection, et en particulier en ressources financi\u00e8res et humaines.\n\nLes objectifs sp\u00e9cifiques du plaidoyer:\n\n- La protection ad\u00e9quate des populations civiles sous la menace imminente de violences physiques, en\nparticulier \u00e0 travers des capacitations accrues et des r\u00e9ponses am\u00e9lior\u00e9es des autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires\net des forces internationales\n\n- L'attention sur les principales violations et les abus qui menacent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la dignit\u00e9 et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des\npersonnes en tant qu'\u00eatres humains.\n\n- L\u2019attention pour une meilleure prise en compte et le suivi des recommandations et des plaidoyers du cluster\nprotection par les autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires et la MINUSMA au niveau r\u00e9gional et national.\n\n- Une compr\u00e9hension ad\u00e9quate des mandats de protection et les op\u00e9rations de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire\npar la population civile et toutes les parties aux conflits\n\n- L\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la protection et de l\u2019assistance humanitaire dans ses aspects d\u2019analyse de besoins, de\nport\u00e9e et d\u2019int\u00e9gration des principes de la protection transversale pour renforcer la redevabilit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire aux communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es.\n\n- L\u2019appui et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des structures nationales et locales et le travail avec les\ncommunaut\u00e9s locales pour r\u00e9duire les risques de protection\n\n- Le soutien financier et humain en faveur du secteur protection afin de mettre en \u0153uvre les projets approuv\u00e9s\ndans le plan de r\u00e9ponses humanitaires.\n\n- La r\u00e9ponse ad\u00e9quate aux recommandations \u00e9manant des matrices r\u00e9gionales bimensuelles de protection par\nles autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires et la MINUSMA\n\nLes activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues sont les suivantes :\n\n- Formations des membres du cluster sur les principales strat\u00e9gies de plaidoyer et de gestion efficace de\nl\u2019information\n\n- Plaidoyer pour la s\u00e9curisation des zones n\u00e9cessitant le renforcement de l\u2019environnement protecteur\naupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s, de la coordination humanitaire et de la MINUSMA\n\n- Analyses et interventions r\u00e9guli\u00e8re dans des r\u00e9unions de l\u2019Inter-Cluster, CIMCOORD, l\u2019EHP, Protection\ndes Civils de la MINUSMA et autres instances de coordination\n\n- R\u00e9unions, n\u00e9gociations et activit\u00e9s de plaidoyer avec des autorit\u00e9s militaires et civiles et avec d\u2019autres\ngroupes cibles\n\n- Emission des documents publics de plaidoyer\n\n- Ateliers de formation pour les acteurs humanitaires sur la protection transversale et autres aspects de\nprotection\n\n- Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de la strat\u00e9gie de la MINUSMA pour la Protection des Civils etc.\n\n## **VIII. M\u00e9canisme de coordination du cluster, suivi et \u00e9valuation de la mise en** **\u0153uvre de la strat\u00e9gie**\n\n\n**1.** **Coordination et leadership du cluster protection**\n\nL\u2019atteinte des objectifs strat\u00e9giques du cluster, tel que d\u00e9fini dans la pr\u00e9sente strat\u00e9gie, requiert le renforcement\ndu r\u00f4le de coordination et de leadership du cluster au niveau national et r\u00e9gional ainsi que dans ses aspects\nth\u00e9matiques. La repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 effective des acteurs \u00e9tatiques dans les structures de coordination sera\n\u00e9galement essentielle.\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 12 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L\u2019agence lead du cluster protection est le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR).\nIl assure la coordination du cluster et la co-facilitation est assur\u00e9e en 2017 par le Conseil Norv\u00e9gien pour les\nRefugee (NRC).\n\nLa structure de coordination du cluster protection se pr\u00e9sente comme suit :\n\n- Un cluster national (CP) actif \u00e0 Bamako et son groupe consultatif strat\u00e9gique (GCS),\n\n- Trois clusters r\u00e9gionaux (CPR) a Gao (qui prend en compte le cluster de Menaka), Mopti et Tombouctou;\nla cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un cluster en perspective \u00e0 Kidal\n\n- Cinq sous-groupes th\u00e9matiques actifs \u00e0 Bamako et dans certaines r\u00e9gions\n\n - Le sous cluster violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre ayant pour lead UNFPA et le MPFEF (Minist\u00e8re de la\npromotion de la Femme, de l\u2019Enfant et de la Famille) comme le co- lead ; il est pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 Bamako, Mopti,\nGao et Tombouctou.\n\n - Le sous cluster protection de l\u2019enfance avec pour lead l\u2019UNICEF et la DNPE (Minist\u00e8re de la promotion\nde la femme et de l\u2019enfance) comme le co-lead, pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 Bamako, Mopti, Gao et Tombouctou\n\n - Le groupe de travail lutte humanitaire anti-mines ayant pour lead UNMAS, pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 Bamako, Mopti,\nGao et Tombouctou\n\n - Le groupe de travail (AJED) acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice et l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit (y compris l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux documents d\u2019\u00e9tat\ncivil) avec pour lead OHCHR et l\u2019ONG DEMESO comme co-facilitateur et pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 Bamako\n\n - La Commission mouvement de population (CMP) ayant pour lead l\u2019OIM et le co-lead DNDS\n(du Minist\u00e8re de la solidarit\u00e9 et de l\u2019action humanitaire), pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 Bamako, Mopti, Gao et\nTombouctou\n\nAu regard de la recrudescence des conflits intercommunautaires, le cluster d\u00e9veloppera une matrice sur les\nconflits r\u00e9currents et une strat\u00e9gie de pr\u00e9vention des risques et de gestion des violences perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par les conflits\ncommunautaires.\n\nLe cluster protection devra assurer une interpr\u00e9tation et une communication efficace et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re sur tous les\ndocuments et outils de coordination afin de soutenir une participation diversifi\u00e9e et riche au sein du cluster tant\nau niveau national, r\u00e9gional que local. Les membres devront activement participer et contribuer aux travaux du\ncluster protection conform\u00e9ment aux lignes directrices d\u2019IASC\u2026\nLes membres qui participent au cluster protection sont les agences des Nations Unies (NU) de protection, les\norganisations non gouvernementales (ONG) internationales et nationales de protection, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, les\nleaders communautaires et les repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement malien (des minist\u00e8res et des directions et\nservices en charge de la protection de la population). Le cluster protection collabore \u00e9troitement avec les\nbailleurs de fonds et les autres structures de protection en particulier la MINUSMA, le CICR et les associations\nde la Croix Rouge tous en leurs qualit\u00e9s d\u2019observateurs.\nTous les membres et observateurs du cluster protection participent aux sessions et aux activit\u00e9s du cluster. La\nrepr\u00e9sentation des membres et observateurs aux r\u00e9unions des clusters et des groupes th\u00e9matiques de protection\nau niveau national comme r\u00e9gional se fait \u00e0 travers un personnel d\u00e9sign\u00e9 et /ou son suppl\u00e9ant qui ont comp\u00e9tence\nde protection et de prise de d\u00e9cision. Chaque participant devra prendre connaissance des documents\nstrat\u00e9giques du cluster et contribuer / r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 temps r\u00e9el aux multiples demandes et sollicitations de la\ncoordination des clusters et groupes th\u00e9matiques, de la coordination humanitaires ainsi que de la protection\nglobale \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve.\n\nLe cluster protection et ses diff\u00e9rents organes subsidiaires assurent la coordination des activit\u00e9s de protection,\nl\u2019identification et l\u2019analyse des probl\u00e8mes de protection, la r\u00e9ponse aux probl\u00e8mes de protection identifi\u00e9s, la\nsensibilisation, le plaidoyer et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des partenaires. Les r\u00e9unions pl\u00e9ni\u00e8res du cluster\nnational, du groupe consultatif strat\u00e9gique et des clusters r\u00e9gionaux, ainsi que celles des groupes th\u00e9matiques\n\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 13 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "ont lieu une fois par mois et plus en cas de besoin, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions. L\u2019ordre du jour de chaque\nr\u00e9union du cluster doit prendre en compte la mise \u00e0 jour du contexte humanitaire en protection, les r\u00e9sultats et\nles gaps en protection.\n\nLe groupe consultatif strat\u00e9gique (GCS) du cluster protection au niveau national est charg\u00e9 du suivi, de\nl\u2019ajustement de la strat\u00e9gie de protection et de la prise de d\u00e9cisions en conformit\u00e9 avec la strat\u00e9gie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur\nles activit\u00e9s du cluster non d\u00e9taill\u00e9es dans la strat\u00e9gie. Il est en charge de la prise de d\u00e9cision sur les activit\u00e9s de\nplaidoyer. Le GCS fonctionne sous la direction du coordinateur du cluster. Il est compos\u00e9 du co-facilitateur du\ncluster, des agences/organisations avec des responsabilit\u00e9s de gestion du cluster, des sous-clusters et groupes de\ntravail de protection, d\u2019un repr\u00e9sentant des acteurs \u00e9tatiques de protection, d\u2019un repr\u00e9sentant d\u2019OCHA, un\nrepr\u00e9sentant de la Protection des Civils de la MINUSMA, deux repr\u00e9sentants des ONG nationales de protection\net deux des ONG internationales qui faciliteront la liaison avec les forums des ONGs pour des effets de\ncompl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 et de synergies des activit\u00e9s de plaidoyer. Le GCS se r\u00e9unit bi- mensuellement ou de fa\u00e7on adhoc au gr\u00e9 des circonstances. Il est convoqu\u00e9 par la coordination nationale du cluster protection.\n\n\n**2.** **Suivi et \u00e9valuation de la strat\u00e9gie de protection**\n\nLa situation au Mali est particuli\u00e8rement instable dans les r\u00e9gions du nord et du centre depuis l\u2019av\u00e8nement de\nla crise en 2012, et un grand nombre d\u2019obstacles s\u00e9curitaires et politiques ne permettent toujours pas la pleine\nr\u00e9alisation des objectifs fix\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire, particuli\u00e8rement en termes de protection.\nL\u2019int\u00e9gration des 4 principes de protection transversale et la centralit\u00e9 de la protection dans la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire constituent des priorit\u00e9s d\u2019action du cluster protection. Ainsi, le plan d\u2019action de la pr\u00e9sente\nstrat\u00e9gie se doit d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9aliste dans ses attentes, mais aussi d\u2019avoir un m\u00e9canisme permettant de faire le suivi\ndes actions propos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, de comprendre les blocages \u00e9ventuels et de proposer des solutions\nafin d\u2019atteindre les objectifs fix\u00e9s. Ce plan d\u2019action proposera non seulement des actions concr\u00e8tes mais aussi\ndes r\u00e9sultats attendus pour chaque th\u00e8me afin d\u2019orienter au mieux l\u2019action de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire.\n\nLe m\u00e9canisme de suivi et d\u2019\u00e9valuation, qui comprend les membres du GCS aura des r\u00e9unions bimensuelles\npour \u00e9tudier les actions mises en \u0153uvre dans le cadre de la pr\u00e9sente strat\u00e9gie et de son plan d\u2019action, \u00e9valuer les\nobstacles tels que pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par les partenaires lors des r\u00e9unions du cluster protection au niveau national et\nr\u00e9gional ou d\u2019\u00e9changes bilat\u00e9raux et proposer des solutions. Les solutions peuvent concourir aux activit\u00e9s de\nplaidoyer o\u00f9 en termes de ressources, pour am\u00e9liorer et renforcer la r\u00e9ponse de protection en fonction des\nobjectifs. Les recommandations des r\u00e9unions seront pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Inter-Cluster, \u00e0 l\u2019EHP, et pour les aspects de\nprotection physique des civils, \u00e0 la CIMCOORD et la MINUSMA POC. Le co-facilitateur du cluster sera le\npoint focal du m\u00e9canisme de suivi et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation au sein du cluster protection et sera en charge d\u2019organiser\nles activit\u00e9s de suivi, en coordination avec les acteurs de protection sur le terrain.\n\nUn rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation final sera produit, mettant en avant non seulement les r\u00e9sultats obtenus, mais aussi les\nbonnes pratiques et les obstacles rencontr\u00e9s, ainsi que les \u00e9checs. Dans ce contexte, le m\u00e9canisme de suivi et\n\u00e9valuation permettra de produire une analyse r\u00e9aliste des possibilit\u00e9s de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre\naux besoins de protection identifi\u00e9s en fonction de la crise et de ses \u00e9volutions mais aussi de celle des services\n\u00e9tatiques. Ce m\u00e9canisme, qui cherche \u00e0 optimiser la r\u00e9ponse de protection, servira aussi pour l\u2019amendement de\nla prochaine strat\u00e9gie de protection en vue d\u2019orienter et de faciliter la transition de l\u2019humanitaire au\nd\u00e9veloppement et aux autorit\u00e9s.\n\n\n-------------------------- Fin -------------------------\n\n_La strat\u00e9gie du cluster protection \u2013 Mali_ 14 _Mars 2017_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/6491a695-9763-386d-9d37-6d0fc46c7090/strategie_cluster_protection_mali_plaidoyer_mars_2017_0.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_935/raw/doc_935_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_935/raw/doc_935_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index dac81c20906cce7953ebef378e6e1746429422d9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_935/raw/doc_935_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **STRATEGIE DU SECTEUR ABRIS / LOGEMENT EN RDC**\n\n**A. APERCU DES BESOINS HUMANITAIRES EN ABRIS / LOGEMENT ....................................................... 1**\n\n**B. LA REPONSES EN ABRIS / LOGEMENT .............................................................................................. 4**\n\n**C. LE LIEN DEVELOPPEMENT \u2013 HUMANITAIRE (NEXUS) ....................................................................... 9**\n\n## **A. APERCU DES BESOINS HUMANITAIRES EN ABRIS / LOGEMENT**\n\n\n_**\u00ab Les mauvaises conditions de logement constituent l\u2019un des m\u00e9canismes par lesquels les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s**_\n_**sociales et environnementales se traduisent par des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9, ce qui nuit davantage**_\n_**\u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de vie et au bien-\u00eatre**_ _\u00bb_ Lignes directrices de l\u2019Organisation Mondiale pour la Sant\u00e9 (OMS)\nrelatives au logement et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (2018) [1]\n\nLes personnes forc\u00e9es \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un conflit risquent de vivre dans des abris / logements inad\u00e9quats\navec un risque accru que les familles soient dispers\u00e9es [2] . Apr\u00e8s un d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9, la plupart des solutions d\u2019abris\nn\u2019offrent pas de protection contre la pluie, le froid et d\u2019autres dangers pour la sant\u00e9. De plus, certaines zones de\nd\u00e9placement sont affect\u00e9es par des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies telle que le chol\u00e9ra, la rougeole, et plus r\u00e9cemment Ebola. Une\npression est \u00e9galement exerc\u00e9e sur les structures sanitaires qui sont souvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 limit\u00e9es dans les zones d\u2019accueil\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et des retourn\u00e9s. Ces structures n\u2019arrivent pas \u00e0 absorber cette charge additionnelle de mani\u00e8re\nad\u00e9quate, ce qui exacerbe les risques et la propagation de maladies, en particulier chez les enfants de moins de cinq\nans. Un abri / logement ad\u00e9quat est donc primordial pour r\u00e9duire les risques de maladies et d\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mies aupr\u00e8s des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s, des retourn\u00e9s et des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil.\n\nLes personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes (PDI) ou retourn\u00e9es subissent souvent des traumatismes et se retrouvent dans des\nabris non s\u00e9curis\u00e9s qui peuvent les exposer au danger. De plus, les femmes et filles, qui constituent souvent la\nmajorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 de multiples formes de violence et de discrimination li\u00e9es au\ngenre (VBG) [3] . Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et les personnes en situation de handicap sont \u00e9galement plus vuln\u00e9rables\nlorsqu\u2019elles sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, les situations d'urgence ayant tendance \u00e0 cr\u00e9er et \u00e0 exacerber les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s\nexistantes. Elles doivent faire face \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis, tels que le risque accru d\u2019abandon, les limitations de\nmouvement et le manque d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information [4] .\n\nLa majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes ou retourn\u00e9s sont accueillis au sein des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes (plus que 90% en\n2019 [5] ) dans les villes et villages alors qu\u2019une minorit\u00e9 trouvent refuge au sein de sites spontan\u00e9s ou dans des centres\ncollectifs (\u00e9glise, \u00e9cole, etc.). La liste d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des typologies des abris / logements des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s ainsi\n\n\n1https://www.who.int/hia/housing/en/\n2https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JOWSWIDijljZbDoQbsKXPkRRR5hXH12E/view : \u201cKeeping families together : Whether they are considered a\nfirst or a last resort, IDP camps may be useful in allowing large families to stay together.\u201d\n3https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/feuille_de_route_pour_laction_vbg_\nen_rdc_vf_mai2019-2.pdf \u00ab Lors de la conf\u00e9rence des donateurs \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve en avril 2018, le Sous-cluster VBG en RDC avait soulign\u00e9 que la\nmajorit\u00e9 des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es sont des femmes et des enfants, davantage expos\u00e9s au risque de VBG et avait plaid\u00e9 pour des efforts\nmultisectoriels et renforc\u00e9s \u00bb\n4https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12292.pdf et ADCAP https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resourcedocuments/12292.pdf\n5Voir les donn\u00e9es sur le mouvement de population consolid\u00e9es par OCHA pour la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire (201906).\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 1 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "que diverses \u00e9tudes et analyses r\u00e9alis\u00e9es (destruction, co\u00fbts, superficie, \u00e9victions, etc.) sont disponibles sur le site\ndu Groupe de Travail Abris DRC [6] (GTA).\n\nSelon une enqu\u00eate sur la perception de la pauvret\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l\u2019Unit\u00e9 de Pilotage du Processus d\u2019\u00c9laboration et de\nMise en \u0152uvre de la Strat\u00e9gie de R\u00e9duction de la Pauvret\u00e9 [7] 81% des m\u00e9nages ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas \u00eatre satisfaits de\nleur logement. Selon la m\u00eame source, 76% des m\u00e9nages vivaient dans la promiscuit\u00e9 dans l\u2019ensemble du pays. C\u2019est\ndonc dans un contexte de sous-d\u00e9veloppement que le secteur logement accueille la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les\nvilles et les villages. Selon les \u00e9tudes et analyses effectu\u00e9es par le Groupe de Travail Abris en 2018, 89% des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\net retourn\u00e9s n\u2019avaient pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un abri / logement digne.\n\nD\u00e8s que la situation s\u00e9curitaire s\u2019am\u00e9liore, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es rentrent progressivement chez eux et retrouvent\nla plupart du temps leurs maisons endommag\u00e9es, d\u00e9truites ou occup\u00e9es par d\u2019autres en leur absence. L\u2019absence de\nlogement constitue une pr\u00e9occupation majeure et un frein \u00e0 leur retour. Le retour est souvent en lien avec le\ncalendrier agricole. De ce fait, les activit\u00e9s sur les champs sont donc prioris\u00e9es pour ne pas perdre la r\u00e9colte. Ceci\nprolonge la p\u00e9riode de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 li\u00e9 au logement inad\u00e9quat des m\u00e9nages et donc leur exposition \u00e0 de multiples\nrisques.\n\nL\u2019impact humanitaire du d\u00e9placement en lien avec l\u2019abri / logement sur le court, moyen et long terme sont repris cidessous.\n\n### **A1. A COURT TERME (JUSTE APRES LE DEPLACEMENT OU UN RETOUR)**\n\n**Le fait que les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vivent aupr\u00e8s des familles d\u2019accueil** dans une promiscuit\u00e9 peut poser des risques\nsanitaires et de protection. Les abris / logements sont, dans la plupart des cas pr\u00e9caires, avec un manque d\u2019espace\nde vie, de chambres s\u00e9par\u00e9es, de douches et de latrines. Pour les personnes en situation de handicap, l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9\naux abris / logement que les familles d\u2019accueil leur offrent se pose avec acuit\u00e9 faute d\u2019am\u00e9nagement raisonnable, ce\nqui limite consid\u00e9rablement leur participation \u00e0 la vie communautaire.\n\nLes familles d\u2019accueil partagent leurs maigres biens avec les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s. En retour, ces derniers travaillent\nou rendent des services aux familles d\u2019accueil. Des cas de violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre (VBG) et de grossesses non\nd\u00e9sir\u00e9es ou pr\u00e9coces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9es au sein des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes [8] . Une telle promiscuit\u00e9 peut aussi\naugmenter les maladies sexuellement transmissibles, y compris le VIH / SIDA. Les m\u00e9nages d\u00e9plac\u00e9s les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables (femme chef de famille seul, enfants seuls, etc.) ont un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de faire face aux probl\u00e8mes de\nVBG au sein des maisons d\u2019accueil. L\u2019intimit\u00e9 \u00e9tant rarement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 dans un tel contexte peut rendre des questions\nsimple et naturelle comme la gestion des menstruations par les femmes un probl\u00e8me majeure de dignit\u00e9 et sant\u00e9.\n\n**Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui s\u2019installent au sein de sites spontan\u00e9s** se retrouvent sans toit au-dessus ou abri pr\u00e9caire. Cette\nsituation les expose aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments climatiques et \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. S\u2019ajoute \u00e0 cela les risques de sant\u00e9 (surtout pour les\nenfants) et les risques \u00e9pid\u00e9miques. Les personnes laiss\u00e9es sans abri n\u2019ont pas l\u2019espace s\u00e9curis\u00e9 pour stocker le peu\nd\u2019effets personnels qui leur restent, leur documentation ou les aliments qui leur sont distribu\u00e9s par les acteurs\n\n\n6https://www.sheltercluster.org/response/democratic-republic-congo\n7https://drive.google.com/file/d/1grX8kVVJvtZ3l6dFrr7ylheP0NNiVvr1/view?usp=sharing\n8Le Sous-cluster VBG (leadership UNFPA) a une base des donn\u00e9es qui pourrai \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e pour d\u00e9montrer l\u2019incidence des cas de VBG en\ncommunaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil car elle collecte les donnes sur le lieu o\u00f9 les incidents des VBG se produisent. Le GTA travaillera davantage avec le Souscluster VBG sur ce sujet.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 2 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "humanitaires. Les risques d\u2019agressions sexuelles sont par ailleurs tr\u00e8s exacerb\u00e9s selon les rapports de conduits par\nles acteurs VBG [9] .\n\n**Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui trouvent refuge dans les centres collectifs** **[10]** (\u00e9coles, centre de sant\u00e9, \u00e9glise, etc.) ne\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficient souvent que d\u2019un toit temporaire et souvent inaccessible pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en situation de handicap. Mis\n\u00e0 part les conditions de vie insalubres et non s\u00e9curis\u00e9s, les PDI sont souvent \u00e0 risque d\u2019\u00e9viction car les b\u00e2timents\n(notamment les \u00e9coles) doivent pouvoir reprendre leurs fonctions initiales. En outre, les structures de certains\nb\u00e2timents, qui servent comme centre collectifs, sont dans un \u00e9tat critique et pr\u00e9sentent des risques d\u2019\u00e9croulement.\nTout comme au sein des familles d\u2019accueil, la promiscuit\u00e9 dans laquelle les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vivent peut \u00eatre un facteur\nfavorisant les incidents de VBG. Naturellement, l\u2019occupation des \u00e9coles par les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9current\nqui peut mener \u00e0 des tensions dans les zones de d\u00e9placement stables car les activit\u00e9s \u00e9ducationnelles sont\ninterrompues.\n\n**Les retourn\u00e9s qui rentrent chez eux et trouvent leur maisons endommag\u00e9es ou d\u00e9truites** . La destruction\nintentionnelle du logement est une cons\u00e9quence des conflits. Les m\u00e9nages qui d\u00e9cident de retourner chez eux, suite\n\u00e0 une accalmie, retrouvent leurs maisons dans une situation d\u00e9labr\u00e9e ou enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9truites. Ceci les expose aux\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments climatiques et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Dans une situation normale, l\u2019investissement financier dans le logement (qui est\nrelativement cons\u00e9quent) se fait de mani\u00e8re graduelle sur une longue p\u00e9riode. Cependant, un m\u00e9nage d\u00e9plac\u00e9 qui\nretourne chez lui n\u2019a pas les moyens financiers d\u2019un tel investissement d\u2019autant plus que ce retour est souvent en\nlien avec le calendrier agricole. Les activit\u00e9s sur les champs sont donc prioris\u00e9es pour ne pas perdre la r\u00e9colte. Ceci\nprolonge donc la p\u00e9riode de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 li\u00e9 au logement inad\u00e9quat des m\u00e9nages et donc leur exposition aux risques\nde vie.\n\n**Les retourn\u00e9s et PDIs, victimes d\u2019occupations secondaires de leurs maisons par des tiers** **[11]** . Cette situation\nest un frein au retour des personnes qui souhaitent rentrer chez elles. Elle constitue \u00e0 la fois une privation du droit\nau logement et une source potentielle de nouvelles violences, dans un contexte de conflit intercommunautaire\ninfluenc\u00e9 par des enjeux fonciers. La prise en compte des questions de restitutions r\u00e9tablirait le droit au logement,\npr\u00e9viendrait de nouveaux conflits, tout en contribuant aux solutions durables et \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire en RDC. En raison de la dynamique li\u00e9e au genre et \u00e0 la structure majoritairement patriarcale [12] de la\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9, les femmes et les filles seules auront plus de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9gler un contentieux ou \u00e0 r\u00e9clamer leur logement\naupr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers qui occupe ce lieu.\n\n**Les non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9s au sein des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes qui vivent dans un logement pr\u00e9caire.** Vue la grande\npr\u00e9carit\u00e9 initiale du secteur logement (81% des m\u00e9nages), il y a des personnes ou m\u00e9nages non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9s tr\u00e8s\nvuln\u00e9rables dans les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil qui sont susceptible de vivre autant dans la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 que les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nen familles d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n9https://gbvguidelines.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2015_IASC_Gender-based_Violence_Guidelines_full-res.pdf\n10Une cartographie syst\u00e9matis\u00e9e des centres collectifs doit \u00eatre \u00e9tablie de concert avec le groupe de travail Coordination et Gestion des Sites\nde D\u00e9plac\u00e9s (GT CCCM).\n11Le GTA a analys\u00e9 ces situations pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2018. Un travail de fond doit continuer pour mieux quantifier et comprendre ce\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. C\u2019est un sujet tr\u00e8s d\u00e9licat en lien avec le contexte de conflit et les groupes arm\u00e9s.\n12Il y a aussi quelques tribus matriarcales en RDC par ex. Babemba (Haut-Katanga), Mongo (Equateur), Bakongo (Congo Central), etc.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 3 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **A2. SUR LE MOYEN TERME**\n\n**Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui trouvent refuge au sein des familles d\u2019accueil ou des centres collectifs** (\u00e9coles, centre de\nsant\u00e9, \u00e9glise, etc.) font face \u00e0 des \u00e9victions sur le moyen terme. Des enqu\u00eates du Groupe de Travail Abris [13] r\u00e9v\u00e8lent\nque les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s font face \u00e0 des \u00e9victions dans 38% \u00e0 47% des localit\u00e9s enqu\u00eat\u00e9es.\n\nLes PDI en famille d\u2019accueil ou qui louent une maison font donc face aux \u00e9victions \u00e0 cause de non-paiement du loyer.\nLes cas de protection, tel que les PDI survivants de violences sexuelles et sexistes suite au conflit et les personnes\nvuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 risque d\u2019exploitation sont inclus dans ce groupe. Quant aux PDI dans les centres collectifs, ils restent\ntr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux \u00e9victions souvent car le b\u00e2timent o\u00f9 ils ont trouv\u00e9 refuge doit \u00eatre repris pour ces fonctions\ninitiales.\n\n**Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s qui sont install\u00e9s au sein de sites spontan\u00e9s** font souvent face aux incendies qui d\u00e9truisent leurs\nabris et peuvent aussi \u00eatre \u00e0 risque d\u2019\u00e9viction. Certaines autorit\u00e9s locale ou propri\u00e9taires de parcelles, o\u00f9 sont\ninstall\u00e9s les sites spontan\u00e9s, interdisent la construction d\u2019abris d\u2019urgence avec des mat\u00e9riaux locaux. Ces d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nont donc besoin de renouveler leurs b\u00e2ches (tous les six mois) ainsi que certains autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019abri d\u2019urgence [14] .\n\n## **B. LA REPONSES EN ABRIS / LOGEMENT**\n\nTout en op\u00e9rant dans le cadre des principes humanitaires, la mission des partenaires du Groupe de Travail abris (GTA)\nvise \u00e0 faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable pour les personnes les plus vuln\u00e9rables, afin qu\u2019elles soient\nprot\u00e9g\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e9ments et qu\u2019elles retrouvent des conditions d\u2019habitat dignes, s\u00e9curis\u00e9es, salubres et accessibles.\n\nLes partenaires du GTA interviennent principalement dans les zones de d\u00e9placement et / ou zones de retour aupr\u00e8s\ndes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, les retourn\u00e9s, les familles d\u2019accueils et les non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9s les plus vuln\u00e9rable en termes d\u2019abri / logement.\n\n### **B1. LES BASES DE L\u2019INTERVENTION ABRIS / LOGEMENT**\n\n**Article 25 de La D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l'homme** **[15]**\nLa base de toute intervention abris / logement repose sur le droit suivant \u00e9nonc\u00e9 par l\u2019article 25 de la D\u00e9claration\nuniverselle des droits de l'homme :\n\n_**Droit \u00e0 un niveau de vie suffisant**_\n_Toute personne a droit \u00e0 un niveau de vie suffisant pour assurer sa sant\u00e9, son bien-\u00eatre et celui de sa famille,_\n_notamment pour l'alimentation, l'habillement, le logement, les soins m\u00e9dicaux ainsi que pour les services sociaux_\n\n\n13https://www.sheltercluster.org/es/node/15343 ; https://www.sheltercluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/documents/analyse-desresultats-de-levaluation-conjointe-abris-eha-au ; https://www.sheltercluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/documents/information-sur-lesabris-au-nord-kivu-et-en-ituri-evaluations ; https://www.sheltercluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/documents/evaluations-conjointesabris-eha-information-sur-les-abris-au\n14La b\u00e2che est une solution de derni\u00e8re recourt pour le GTA. La solution pr\u00e9conis\u00e9e est la construction locale.\n15http://www.un.org/fr/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 4 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_n\u00e9cessaires ; elle a droit \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en cas de ch\u00f4mage, de maladie, d'invalidit\u00e9, de veuvage, de vieillesse ou dans_\n_les autres cas de perte de ses moyens de subsistance par suite de circonstances ind\u00e9pendantes de sa volont\u00e9._\n\n**La centralit\u00e9 de la protection** **[16]**\nA travers leurs interventions, les partenaires du GTA promeuvent la compr\u00e9hension, le respect et la protection des\ndroits des hommes, des femmes et des enfants affect\u00e9es, sans discrimination et tout au long de l\u2019action humanitaire,\net m\u00eame au-del\u00e0.\n\n**Les principes humanitaires**\nLes partenaires du GTA s\u2019assurent que les principes d\u2019humanit\u00e9, de neutralit\u00e9, d\u2019impartialit\u00e9 et d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance\nsoient compris, respect\u00e9s et suivis tout au long de l\u2019action humanitaire.\n\nDe mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, une des strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 renforcer davantage au sein du GTA est en lien avec l\u2019appui aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nen familles d\u2019accueil. Par le pass\u00e9 l\u2019aide humanitaire \u00e9tait souvent disproportionnellement pench\u00e9e envers les sites.\nPlus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en lien avec le principe d\u2019impartialit\u00e9, il est \u00e0 noter que les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es se regroupent\nsouvent par ethnies dans les sites des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ou les familles d\u2019accueil. Or, dans ce contexte de conflit\nmultidimensionnel avec des composantes communautaires et ethniques, il incombe donc aux partenaires\nhumanitaires, de bien prendre en compte ces dynamiques communautaires afin de servir les personnes dans le\nbesoin de mani\u00e8re impartiale et sans discrimination, tant au sein des sites que dans les familles d\u2019accueil. La r\u00e9ponse\ndes partenaires du GTA doit \u00eatre men\u00e9e sur la base des besoins sans faire de distinction entre les communaut\u00e9s.\n\n**La redevabilit\u00e9 envers les populations affect\u00e9es et la protection contre l\u2019exploitation et les violences**\n**sexuelles** **[17]**\nLes partenaires du GTA s\u2019assurent que les m\u00e9canismes pour maintenir et renforcer la redevabilit\u00e9 envers les\npopulations affect\u00e9es et la protection contre l\u2019exploitation et les violences sexuelles soient en place tout au long du\ncycle du projet [18] .\n\n**L\u2019inclusion des personnes handicap\u00e9es**\nLes partenaires du GTA veuillent \u00e0 ce que les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des personnes en situation de handicap soient pris\nen compte lors des interventions sur le terrain. Lors de la conception, de la mise en \u0153uvre et de la gestion\nd\u2019intervention en mati\u00e8re d\u2019abri / logement, il sera consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comment les personnes en situation de handicap (de\ntoutes cat\u00e9gories) interagiront avec l\u2019environnement \u2013 surtout en mati\u00e8re d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et autres besoins\nsp\u00e9cifiques en lien avec leurs incapacit\u00e9s [19] .\n\n\n16https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/iasc_protection_policy_french_logo_final.pdf\n17https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/accountability-affected-populations-including-protection-sexual-exploitation-andabuse/documents-61\n18 Il est \u00e0 noter que le GTA travaille avec le Groupe de Travail Redevabilit\u00e9 Envers les Populations Affect\u00e9es et Pr\u00e9vention des Exploitations et\nAbus Sexuels (AAP / PSEA) pour ce volet.\n19 La Convention des Nations Unies sur les droits des personnes handicap\u00e9es souligne en son article 11, l\u2019importance de l\u2019inclusion des\npersonnes handicap\u00e9es dans tous les aspects de la vie y compris dans les situations de risques et d\u2019urgences. Ainsi, la r\u00e9ponse abris doit refl\u00e9ter\nad\u00e9quatement les besoins particuliers des personnes handicap\u00e9es et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 5 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **B2. LES PRINCIPES DE L\u2019INTERVENTION EN ABRIS / LOGEMENT**\n\n**Mettre les communaut\u00e9s au c\u0153ur de la r\u00e9ponse abris :** La grande majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en RDC ont trouv\u00e9\nrefuge dans des villages, cit\u00e9s et villes aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Ces derni\u00e8res sont donc\n\u00e9galement affect\u00e9es par le d\u00e9placement car le stock de logement et les services sociaux de base se retrouvent sous\npression d\u00e9mographique. N\u00e9anmoins, les populations affect\u00e9es (d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, retourn\u00e9es) d\u00e9montrent\ndes capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 apporter des solutions pour am\u00e9liorer leurs conditions de vie. Ces capacit\u00e9s doivent donc \u00eatre prises\nen compte et renforc\u00e9es \u00e0 travers les interventions des partenaires du GTA. Les projets abris doivent donc \u00eatre\ncon\u00e7us, mise en \u0153uvre, suivis et \u00e9valu\u00e9s en collaboration avec les communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires y compris les\npersonnes en situation de handicap pour les aspects li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9.\n\n**Rechercher une r\u00e9ponse \u00e9quitable et efficiente :** La r\u00e9ponse en abris sert tout d\u2019abord aux populations les plus\nvuln\u00e9rables, et utilise les fonds humanitaires de mani\u00e8re efficiente. L\u2019approche de cette assistance vise \u00e0 atteindre\nle plus grand nombre de personnes dans le besoin, avec des solutions qui durent dans le temps (par exemple, l\u00e0 o\u00f9\nil est possible d\u2019opter pour la construction locale d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part, au lieu de la distribution de b\u00e2ches dont la dur\u00e9e de\nvie est tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e). Toute solution technique et approche doit \u00eatre con\u00e7ue dans cet esprit.\n\n**Promouvoir l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers le design universel** **[20]** **:** L\u2019appui \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement promeut le design\nuniversel permettant d\u2019am\u00e9liorer de fa\u00e7on notable l\u2019inclusion des personnes en situation de handicap. Celui-ci\nam\u00e9liore la circulation des personnes au sein d\u2019un logement et facilite la mobilit\u00e9 de tous. Le design universel n\u2019est\npas destin\u00e9 aux personnes handicap\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiquement, mais a un effet positif sur de nombreuses cat\u00e9gories de\npersonnes (personnes handicap\u00e9es, personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, enfants, femmes enceintes, etc.). Par une meilleure prise en\ncompte du design universel dans le secteur abris, l\u2019inclusion des personnes en situation de handicap sera assur\u00e9e.\n\n**Valoriser les standards et pratiques locaux :** Appuyer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement d\u00e9cent et accessible en respectant\nles standards et pratiques de la construction locale. Le processus d\u2019appui \u00e0 la (re)construction ou r\u00e9habilitation des\nmaisons vise \u00e0 f\u00e9d\u00e9rer les communaut\u00e9s concern\u00e9es (d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, retourn\u00e9s et non-d\u00e9plac\u00e9s) et non \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des clivages\nen imposant des standards trop \u00e9loign\u00e9s de ceux qui existent dans la culture de construction locale. La r\u00e9ponse tient\ncompte des typologies et standards de logement locaux, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 capitaliser les connaissances et renforcer les\nmarch\u00e9s locaux. Pour le cas des personnes en situation de handicap, une flexibilit\u00e9 est \u00e0 observer afin de s\u2019adapter \u00e0\nleurs besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de mobilit\u00e9.\n\n**Promouvoir un plus grand choix et l\u2019autonomie des m\u00e9nages, tout en optimalisant les co\u00fbts du projet :**\nLa facilit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux mat\u00e9riaux et main d\u2019ouvre sur les march\u00e9s locaux devra \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e afin de proposer un appui\nmon\u00e9taire (par exemple : les transferts conditionnels en plusieurs tranches). L\u00e0 o\u00f9 cela est faisable, la modalit\u00e9\nd\u2019appui mon\u00e9taire est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable aux distributions de mat\u00e9riaux en nature. Cette modalit\u00e9 permet, d\u2019une part, de\ndonner le choix des mat\u00e9riaux et l\u2019autonomie aux m\u00e9nages, et d\u2019autre part, de r\u00e9duire significativement les frais de\ntransport des mat\u00e9riaux donn\u00e9s en nature.\n\n**Accompagner les m\u00e9nages dans la (re)construction, r\u00e9habilitation ou mise \u00e0 niveau de leur maison :** Toute\nintervention en (re)construction / r\u00e9habilitation en abris devra \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un suivi et soutien technique aux\nm\u00e9nages, ainsi que de formations techniques cibl\u00e9es selon le besoin. Les formations (et les outils de construction)\nsont - de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence - donn\u00e9es aux membres de la communaut\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires directs du projet.\n\n\n20 On entend par \u00ab design universel \u00bb la conception de produits, d\u2019\u00e9quipements, de programmes et de services qui puissent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s par\ntous, dans toute la mesure possible, sans n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 ni adaptation ni conception sp\u00e9ciale \u00bb Article 2 de la convention de l\u2019ONU. Le GTA travail\navec Humanity & Inclusion (HI) pour ce volet.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 6 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Prise en compte des questions fonci\u00e8res :** Toute intervention en abris est accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un appui sur les\nquestions fonci\u00e8res (Logement-Terre) dans l\u2019optique de s\u00e9curiser le droit foncier du m\u00e9nage servi dans les limites de\nl\u2019action humanitaire.\n\n**Tenir compte des dynamiques communautaires et du genre dans la conception du projet :** Les approches\ndu secteur abris doivent tenir compte des dynamiques intracommunautaires et des dynamiques au niveau des\nm\u00e9nages (quel r\u00f4le pour les hommes, les femmes et les enfants dans la construction du logement, les activit\u00e9s\nagricoles et les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenu) lors de la formulation du projet d\u2019appui \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement, et\nmitiger les risques \u00e9ventuels qui y sont li\u00e9s.\n\n**Mitiger les risques d\u2019impact n\u00e9gatif sur l\u2019environnement :** Les approches du secteur abris doivent tenir compte\ndes saisonnalit\u00e9s et de la disponibilit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux locaux (par exemple, respecter les p\u00e9riodes d\u2019exploitation\nl\u00e9gale, ou utiliser des mat\u00e9riaux issus de sources d\u2019approvisionnement durables) et mitiger les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles.\n\n**Promouvoir l\u2019approche multisectorielle sur une m\u00eame zone** _**(area-based approach)**_ _**[21]**_ **:** Une assistance en\nabris doit \u2013 autant que possible - \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e au minimum par une action en Eau, Hygi\u00e8ne et Assainissement\n(au minimum latrines et am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau) et une activit\u00e9 de coh\u00e9sion sociale notamment dans un\ncontexte de conflits intercommunautaires. Les partenaires doivent autant que possible opter et contribuer \u00e0\nl\u2019approche multisectorielle sur une m\u00eame zone d\u2019intervention. Il est favorable de renforcer les services sociaux de\nbase en compl\u00e9ment de l\u2019intervention logement.\n\n### **B3. LES DETAILS DE LA REPONSE**\n\nLe cadre logique (logframe) du GTA en annexe 1 donne les d\u00e9tails de la r\u00e9ponse en lien avec les besoins\nhumanitaires en abris / logement en RDC.\n\nIl est \u00e0 noter que le GTA doit renseigner les indicateurs suivants pour le suivi de la mise en \u0153uvre en lien\navec le Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire (PRH). Ces indicateurs vont \u00eatre renseign\u00e9s par les partenaires \u00e0\ntravers le Syst\u00e8me de Rapportage du GT Abris / Logement (SIRAL) et consolid\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de coordination\ndu GTA National.\n\n**Indicateurs sectoriels pour le PRH**\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vivant sur un site de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s ou un centre collectif ayant re\u00e7u une\n\nassistance en abris d'urgence (complet ou partiel) ;\n\u00a7 Nombre de personnes retourn\u00e9es qui ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d'un appui pour la r\u00e9habilitation /\n\nreconstruction de leur maison ou dont la maison \u00e9t\u00e9 restitu\u00e9e ;\n\u00a7 Nombre de personnes en communaut\u00e9 h\u00f4te dont la maison est mise \u00e0 niveau (maisons FAMAC, des\n\n\n\nnon-d\u00e9plac\u00e9s non-FAMAC tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rable ou des PDI qui louent une maison).\n\n\n\n21 Le GTA travail entres autres avec le Cluster EHA sur ce volet.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 7 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Indicateurs intersectoriels ou transversales**\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Nombre de personnes (hommes et femmes) vivant avec un handicap physique ou mental assist\u00e9es\n\nen abris et / ou latrine familiale accessible [22] ;\n\u00a7 Nombre de m\u00e9nages qui ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un appui mon\u00e9taire et du mat\u00e9riel en nature pour leur\n\n\n\nabris / Logement ou latrine (modalit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire ou mixte) [23] ;\n\u00a7 Un indicateur en lien avec la redevabilit\u00e9 est \u00e0 inclure (voir GT AAP / PSEA) [24] .\n\n### **B4. BIBLIOTHEQUE DU GTA DISPONIBLE SUR LE SITE WEB [25] (LISTE NON-EXHAUSTIVE)**\n\n**Outils pour analyses pr\u00e9liminaires et la mise en \u0153uvre**\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Glossaire des typologies d\u2019abris / Logement des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s ;\n\u00a7 Guide de rapportage des indicateurs de suivi (d\u00e9sagr\u00e9g\u00e9s et multisectoriels) de la mise en \u0153uvre du GTA\navec le syst\u00e8me SIRAL ;\n\u00a7 Outils pour la programmation de l\u2019appui mon\u00e9taire (\u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 et suivi de march\u00e9 tout le cycle de\nprojet et enqu\u00eate post intervention) ;\n\u00a7 Guide et fiche d\u2019enqu\u00eate pour analyser la construction locale (inclus aspect genre et personnes\nhandicap\u00e9es) ;\n\u00a7 Le calendrier de construction (en lien avec les saisons et le calendrier agricole) ;\n\u00a7 Les standards de l\u2019abri d\u2019urgence (inclus _checklist_ de quand l\u2019utiliser) ;\n\u00a7 Les standards de la b\u00e2che ;\n\u00a7 Score card du GTA pour la s\u00e9lection des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.\n\n**Documentation**\n\n\n\n\u00a7 Inclusion des personnes handicap\u00e9es ;\n\u00a7 Les cultures constructives locales au Congo ;\n\u00a7 Diverses \u00e9valuations par p\u00f4le humanitaire sont aussi disponibles sur le site du GTA.\n\n\n\n22Une baseline de 15% des personnes cibl\u00e9es par le GTA sera pris en compte conforme aux indications globales de HI.\n23Le % d\u2019appui mon\u00e9taire et appui mixte de 2019 sera pris comme baseline (r\u00e9f\u00e9rence indicateurs SIRAL-GTA).\n24 Le GTA pourrait harmoniser cet indicateur avec d\u2019autres Clusters \u2013 notamment le Custer EHA.\n25https://www.sheltercluster.org/response/democratic-republic-congo\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 8 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **C. LE LIEN DEVELOPPEMENT \u2013 HUMANITAIRE (NEXUS)**\n\nComme indiqu\u00e9 dans l\u2019analyse des besoins du secteur abris / logement, selon une enqu\u00eate sur la perception de la\npauvret\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l\u2019Unit\u00e9 de Pilotage du Processus d\u2019\u00c9laboration et de Mise en \u0152uvre de la Strat\u00e9gie de R\u00e9duction\nde la Pauvret\u00e9 [26] 81% des m\u00e9nages ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas \u00eatre satisfaits de leur logement. Selon la m\u00eame source, 76%\ndes m\u00e9nages vivaient dans la promiscuit\u00e9 dans l\u2019ensemble du pays. C\u2019est donc dans un contexte de sousd\u00e9veloppement que le secteur logement accueille la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans les villes et les villages. Selon les\n\u00e9tudes et analyses effectu\u00e9es par le Groupe de Travail Abris en 2018, 89% des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s n\u2019avaient pas\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 un abri / logement digne.\nSelon une \u00e9tude effectu\u00e9 par le Groupe de Travail Abris (2018) [27], il y a peu de clart\u00e9 sur la gouvernance de ce secteur\ntant au niveau national que locale.\n\nBien que la question de logement social a \u00e9t\u00e9 soulev\u00e9e dans plusieurs plans de d\u00e9veloppement du pays, ainsi que\npar le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de sa prestation de serment constitutionnel [28], il n\u2019y pas une politique\nde logement \u00e0 ce stade en RDC ni de politique de reconstruction / r\u00e9habilitation de logement dans les zones affect\u00e9es\npar les catastrophes humaines ou naturelles. Il est \u00e0 noter que diverses institutions, tel que l\u2019Office national du\nlogement (ONL), ont exist\u00e9 par le pass\u00e9 mais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mantel\u00e9es et remplac\u00e9es par les Fonds national de l\u2019habitat\n(FONHAB) et de l\u2019Agence congolaise pour la promotion immobili\u00e8re (ACOPRIM) [29] .\n\nEn valorisant la culture constructive locale (ou construction locale), les partenaires du GTA renforcent la r\u00e9silience\ndes m\u00e9nages affect\u00e9s par le conflit ou le d\u00e9sastre. Les m\u00e9thodes de construction sont connues de la population et\ndonc apr\u00e8s le projet humanitaire (qui est d\u2019une courte dur\u00e9e), les m\u00e9nages peuvent maintenir et agrandir leur maison\ncomme ils le faisant auparavant. Cependant le logement seul ne suffit pas et c\u2019est aussi pour cela qu\u2019une approche\nmultisectorielle des services sociaux de base et la relance des activit\u00e9s de moyen de subsistance sont fortement\nencourag\u00e9es dans les principes du GTA. Mais l\u2019action humanitaire a ses limites d\u2019intervention et ne peut couvrir les\ncauses li\u00e9es au sous-d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une zone. Il est aussi \u00e0 rappeler que le GTA n\u2019intervient que dans les zones de\nconflits ou des zones mixtes \u2013 conflits et catastrophes naturelles. Le reste du pays reste donc largement inexplor\u00e9 en\nlien avec le secteur logement or comme indiqu\u00e9 ci-dessous 81% des m\u00e9nages dans l\u2019ensemble du pays avaient\nd\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas \u00eatre satisfait avec leur logement.\n\nLes pistes reprises ci-dessous qui sont en lien avec l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie de la population \u00e0 travers\nl\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019habitat (logement, acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base et de l\u2019\u00e9tat, moyen de subsistance) sont \u00e0\nexplorer pour des actions conjointes entre des acteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement (nexus).\n\n### **C1. ETUDES**\n\nEn 2018, le GTA a conduit plusieurs \u00e9tudes pour mieux comprendre le secteur logement en RDC afin de raffiner sa\nstrat\u00e9gie d\u2019intervention. Un des aspects relev\u00e9s est que ce secteur manque cruellement d\u2019analyse en RDC. Il serait\ndonc important d\u2019encourager les universit\u00e9s et les institutions de recherche \u00e0 mener des \u00e9tudes approfondies sur le\n\n\n26https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjAzf6t497jAhWN2KQKHVFIDxU\nQFjADegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTPRS1%2FResources%2FDemocratic-Rep-of-CongoFrench(July2006).pdf&usg=AOvVaw\n27https://www.sheltercluster.org/democratic-republic-congo/documents/rd-congo-cultures-constructives-locales-pour-des-habitats\n28https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5c4c3b2db0237b00047a5fe1/\n29 https://deskeco.com/habitat-fonhab-et-acoprim-deux-projets-destines-a-pallier-le-deficit-de-logements-toujours-pas-operationnels/\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 9 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "secteur logement au sein et hors des zones d\u2019intervention du GTA. Ce renforcement pourrait \u00eatre entrepris tant par\nles acteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n### **C2. LA GOUVERNANCE, LES POLITIQUES ET PLANS DE DEVELOPPEMENT**\n\nComme indiqu\u00e9 plus haut, il y a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019apporter des clarifications en lien avec la gouvernance du secteur\nLogement en RDC. Des agences telles que ONU-Habitat sont les mieux dispos\u00e9es \u00e0 appuyer les institutions\ncongolaises \u00e0 clarifier la gouvernance du secteur mais aussi pour l\u2019inclusion du volet logement dans les politiques et\nplans de d\u00e9veloppement au niveau national et local de mani\u00e8re pragmatique.\n\n\nIl y a des cas particuliers dans lesquels une intervention holistique d\u00e9veloppement-humanitaire apporterait\nune grande am\u00e9lioration aux conditions de vies de la population dans les zones de d\u00e9placement. Une telle\ncollaboration permettrait aussi de p\u00e9renniser les investissements humanitaires dans la zone.\n\n**Les zones de retours stables en termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9**\nIl est \u00e9vident que dans les zones de retours stables, l\u2019impact en lien avec l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019habitat serait\nplus grand et p\u00e9renne si les acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement intervenaient \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des acteurs humanitaires.\nSurtout s\u2019agissant de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services sociaux de base (par ex. eau, assainissement, \u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9,\netc.), les services \u00e9tatiques (par ex. documentation) et la justice Il serait primordial que les acteurs de\nd\u00e9veloppement puissent renforcer les acteurs \u00e9tatiques dans les zones de retours, particuli\u00e8rement\n\n**Les zones stables qui re\u00e7oivent des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re cyclique**\nCertaines zones stables d\u2019un point de vue s\u00e9curitaire \u2013 notamment au Nord-Kivu \u2013 accueillent des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nde mani\u00e8re cyclique. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que le stock de logement et les services de base (souvent sousd\u00e9velopp\u00e9s) subissent une pression suppl\u00e9mentaire de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. L\u00e0 encore une intervention ax\u00e9e\nsur le renforcement des autorit\u00e9s locales et le d\u00e9veloppement seraient plus efficients au lieu d\u2019actions\nhumanitaires ponctuelles.\n\n**Les milieux urbains qui re\u00e7oivent des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s**\nCe th\u00e8me - largement inexplor\u00e9 - m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9tudier plus en profondeur. Il y a de vraies opportunit\u00e9s\npour les acteurs humanitaires et d\u00e9veloppement pour adresser les expansions urbaines en lien avec les\nd\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s o\u00f9 les personnes se dirigent vers les milieux urbain. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est connu de\nmani\u00e8re anecdotique mais reste \u00e0 \u00eatre analys\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re quantitative et qualitative.\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 10 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se \u00e9tablie est que l\u2019urbanisation est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 cause des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s. Les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\nchoisissent de ce refugier dans le milieu urbain et apr\u00e8s quelque temps acqui\u00e8rent une parcelle pour y\nconstruire leur maison de mani\u00e8re progressive. Ceci engendre l\u2019extension des quartiers d\u00e9j\u00e0 pauvre en\ntermes d\u2019am\u00e9nagement et services sociaux de base et hautement expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des risques naturels. Ce\nph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est visible sur les collines de la ville de Bukavu par exemple.\n\nCe type d\u2019expansion urbaine m\u00e9rite une attention particuli\u00e8re afin que les extensions urbaines soient plus\nsalubres et la gouvernance urbaine renforc\u00e9 \u00e0 travers des actions communes des acteurs humanitaires et\ndes acteurs de d\u00e9veloppement.\n\n### **LISTE D\u2019ACRONYMES**\n\nAAP : Accountability to Affected Population \u2013 Redevabilit\u00e9 envers les personnes affect\u00e9es ;\nEHA : Eau, Hygi\u00e8ne et Assainissement ;\nFAMAC : famille d\u2019accueil ;\nGTA : Groupe de Travail Abris ;\nHI : Humanity and Inclusion ;\nHNO : Humanitarian Needs Overview ou Aper\u00e7u des Besoins Humanitaires ;\nOMS : Organisation Mondiale pour la Sant\u00e9 ;\nPDI : personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019interne de leur pays ;\nPRH (ou HRP) : Plan de R\u00e9ponse Humanitaire ou Humanitarian Response Plan ;\nPSEA : Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse \u2013 Pr\u00e9vention des Exploitations et Abus Sexuels ;\nRDC : R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo ;\nSIRAL - GTA : Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de Rapportage des Activit\u00e9s Abris / Logement en RDC du GTA ;\nVBG : Violence bas\u00e9e sur le genre.\n\n\n_Historique du document :_\n_La Strat\u00e9gie du GTA de fin 2017 a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en juillet et ao\u00fbt 2019._\n_Cette nouvelle version a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e le 31 ao\u00fbt 2019._\n_Une r\u00e9vision est pr\u00e9vue fin 2020 ou sur demande de plusieurs partenaires (minimum trois) du GTA._\n\n\nAper\u00e7u des besoins et la r\u00e9ponse du GTA_20190831 11 / 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ebacd544-9bc2-3f62-bca1-7e06bde6306a/strategie_du_secteur_abris_logement_en_rdc_20190831.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_936/raw/doc_936_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_936/raw/doc_936_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 74f7d1cee1998076c896875a63b938706445a474..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_936/raw/doc_936_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **STRENTHENING PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES** **IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT** **The situation of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) with** **disabilities in Ukraine**\n\n**April 2016**\n\n_UNHCR/A. Ormonova_\n\n\n**1.** **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 15 percent of any population are persons\nwith disabilities [1], with potentially higher proportions in communities that have fled conflict or\nnatural disasters. Hence it can be estimated that there may be approximately 126,716 persons\nwith disabilities among the population of refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs and stateless persons in\nUkraine [2] .\n\nIn situations of forced displacement, persons with disabilities may be at heightened risk of\nexploitation and violence; and often face numerous barriers to accessing humanitarian assistance.\nIn addition, persons with disabilities are often excluded from participation in decision- making\nprocesses and opportunities to use their capacities to benefit their families and communities.\n\nUNHCR\u2019s Age, Gender and Diversity (AGD) Policy details the organization\u2019s wider commitment to\na rights-based approach and highlights that effective protection will only be achieved by ensuring\nequal consideration is given to the needs and capacities of different age, gender and diversity\ngroups within displaced communities. UNHCR is thus committed to ensuring that the rights of\nrefugees, asylum seekers and IDPs with disabilities are met without discrimination.\n\n\n1 World Health Organization, World Report on Disability (Geneva: WHO, 2011)\n2 Based on a figure of 844,777 people, including IDPs (using UNHCR/ OCHA triangulated figure for\nGovernment controlled areas), stateless persons, refugees and asylum seekers\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **BACKGROUND**\n\n\nIn April 2016, UNHCR in Ukraine, with support from UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva, carried out\nconsultation with refugees and IDPs with disabilities and Ukrainian organizations of persons with\ndisabilities, in order to understand their protection concerns and ideas for change. Consultations\nwere carried out in Kyiv, Odessa, Dnipropetrovsk, Svyatohirsk, Slovyansk and Severodonetsk,\ninvolving a total of 114 refugees and IDPs. Meetings were also held with Ukrainian and\ninternational organizations and with state administration. This consultation process was followed\nby workshops in Odessa and in Severodonetsk, with participation by persons with disabilities and\ntheir families from the IDP communities, UNHCR staff and partners, as well as local authorities\nand Ukrainian and international organizations working with persons with disabilities. The\nworkshops involved training and sensitization on the rights of persons with disabilities, and\nparticipatory action planning to address the main concerns identified during consultations.\n\nThis process produced a rich body of information about the concerns of refugees and IDPs with\ndisabilities, and their proposals for change. This report presents a summary of the findings of this\nprocess, including recommendations and plans developed for the way forward.\n\n\n**3.** **SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, RECOMMENDATIONS AND**\n\n**PLANS**\n\n\n\u201c _People with disabilities should be actively involved in all these activities. We would like to_\n_involve people with disabilities at every stage... People with disabilities can play a key role in how_\n_to shape the priorities_ \u201d\n\nParticipant in the workshop in Severodonetsk\n\n\n**3.1.** **DATA**\n\nThe Ministry of Social Policy reports 71,834 persons with disabilities out of 1,744,778 total\npopulation of IDPs, which represents 4.3% of the population [3] . This is significantly below the WHO\nestimate of approximately 15% [4] . This discrepancy could be partly due to persons with disabilities\nstaying behind in Non- Government Controlled Areas (NGCA), but is likely also due to underidentification.\n\nUnder- identification may be linked to the system of categorizing persons with disabilities into\ngroup one, two or three, based on a medical assessment [5] . This system employs an understanding\nof disability that is based only on physical functioning, rather than on the interaction between\nlong- term impairments and participation restrictions.\n\nRecommendations\n\n\nAny system of identification of persons with disabilities should be aligned with the concept of\ndisability contained in Article 1 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities\n(UNCRPD):\n\n\n3 Official statistics of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine (is being sent to UNHCR on a bi-monthly\nbasis)\n4 World Health Organization, World Report on Disability (Geneva: WHO, 2011)\n5 This system employs the following categorization: Group 1- a person with significant physical\ndysfunction unable to self-care and in need of constant external care. Group 2- a person with\nsignificant physical dysfunction at preservation of ability for self-caring and not in need on\nconstant external care. Group 3- a person with moderate physical dysfunction and with\nmoderately limited ability to work but who is in need of social assistance and protection\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u201cPersons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or_\n_sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and_\n_effective participation in society on an equal basis with others\u201d_\n\nThe Washington Group on Disability Statistics [6] has developed a short question set to identify\npersons with disabilities, which reflects this conceptual model of disability. The question set was\ndeveloped to support collection of internationally comparable disability data, and has been\npiloted globally. It is recommended that disability data collection processes are based on this\nquestion set, which is:\n\n\n - Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?\n\n - Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?\n\n - Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?\n\n - Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?\n\n - Do you have difficulty (with self- care such as) washing all over or dressing?\n\n - Using your usual (customary) language, do you have difficulty communicating, for\nexample understanding or being understood?\n\n**3.2.** **ACCESS TO WORK**\n\nFinancial pressure was the main concern raised by refugees and IDPs with disabilities and their\nfamilies, alongside the related issue of accommodation. People spoke often about additional\nexpenses faced by households where there is a person with a disability, including for medicines\nand private transport.\n\nA large majority of refugees and IDPs involved in consultations expressed a strong desire to work,\nincluding those with disabilities. Barriers to accessing work were identified as related both to\ndisability and IDP/ refugee status, including a lack of transport to access work in cities and\nnegative attitudes about persons with disabilities and about IDPs/ refugees.\n\nRefugees and IDPs with disabilities also spoke about the need for better access to small business\ngrants and advice/ training on entrepreneurship.\n\nRecommendations\n\nRefugees and IDPs with disabilities identified access to information about job opportunities and\nadvice on business development as being particularly important, and that this information should\nbe available through various channels to improve accessibility.\n\nNumerous recommendations were also made regarding improving accessibility and inclusiveness\nof workplaces, both in regards to physical accessibility and attitudes. Refugees and IDPs\nrecommended awareness- raising of employers about the capacities and positive contributions of\npersons with disabilities.\nRefugees and IDPs also recommended for services to be available in community centers to support\nwith job searching, such as outreach by employment centers, advice on resume writing, provision\nof computers and business skills training.\n\n\n**3.3.** **ACCESS TO STATE ASSISTANCE**\n\n\n6 \u2018The Washington Group\u2019 was formed in 2001 with the authorization of the United Nations Statistical\nDivision to address the need for statistical and methodological work on an international level in order to\nfacilitate the comparison of data on disability cross- nationally. See\n[http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/washington_group.htm](http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/washington_group.htm)\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "question set", - "confidence": 0.960655689239502, - "start": 54, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": { - "text": "Washington Group on Disability Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5557639598846436, - "start": 42, - "end": 47 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9957406520843506, - "start": 2, - "end": 5 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Benefits for persons with disabilities_ _[7]_\nA key concern raised in all locations was related to challenges for IDPs and refugees to access\ndisability benefits. Challenges include:\n\n - Eligibility for the scheme is generally required to be verified on an annual basis, which\ninvolves numerous medical consultations\n\n - The lack of an appointment system for required medical consultations in many locations\nresults in long waits and sometimes a need to return on multiple occasions\n\n - Medical facilities are reportedly often not accessible\n\n - Particularly for people who acquired a disability since displacement, it is difficult for them\nto go through the initial verification process due to not having a history with the local\ndoctor\n\n - Some IDPs spoke about difficulties due to required documents having been left behind\nwhen they were displaced\n\n\n_Benefits for IDPs_ _[8]_\n\n\nThe main challenge raised for persons with disabilities to access IDP registration and\naccompanying benefits was around the requirement to present in person to make the application\n/ verification, due to difficulties standing in line for long periods of time. While outreach can be\narranged by the Department of Social Policy (DoSP) for persons with Group 1 disability, this\nsystem is not available for Group 2 and 3. A system is also in place for a representative (e.g. family\nmember) to submit applications on behalf of a person with a disability, but such special\nprocedures are reportedly difficult to access and are inconsistently applied.\n\n\nRecommendations\n\n\nConsidering that Ukrainian authority has a responsibility to ensure social support to IDPs and\nrefugees with disabilities, it is a primary body which should take all necessary measures to\neliminate the existed barriers in their access to these entitlements. Recommendations provided\nby persons of concern may serve as a guideline for the government to develop these measures.\n\n\nOne of the concrete recommendations made by IDPs is for the provision of \u2018accompaniment\u2019 for\nmore vulnerable persons, to support with accessing social services and assistance. For example,\nsuch \u2018accompaniment\u2019 could provide guidance on navigating the application process for\nassistance, accompany persons with disabilities to appointments and advocate on their behalf.\nSuch accompaniment could be provided by trained community outreach volunteers (including\nthose from the host, refugee and IDP communities), supported by the MoSP.\n\n\nIt is also important to strengthen information on special procedures in place to facilitate access to\nstate assistance by persons with disabilities and to put systems in place to ensure that these\nprocedures are applied consistently.\n\n\nIn order to improve access to state assistance, it is recommended that an increased use of mobile\nDoSP teams be considered, particularly in locations with high numbers of IDPs.\n\n\n**3.4.** **HOUSING**\n\n\n\u201c _People with disabilities are still ordinary people \u2013 they should not be sent to a village_ .\u201d\n\n\nWoman with a disability in Kuailnik Sanitorium\n\n\n7 The Law of Ukraine on social assistance to persons with disabilities from their childhood and disabled\nchildren adopted on 16 November 2000, the Law of Ukraine on Social assistance to persons who are not\nentitled to pensions and disabled persons adopted on 18 May 2004\n8 Monthly targeted assistance for IDPs for coverage of rent and utility costs envisaged by the Resolution of\nthe Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine # 505 adopted on 1 October 2014\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Lack of options for IDPs to exit collective centers was one of the key concerns raised during\nconsultations. The main barrier to this for persons with disabilities seems to be financial, as IDPs\nare not able to afford the rental costs of living in the community. The primary focus of most IDPs\nwith disabilities is to be housed in a location where they have access to key infrastructure, such\nas schools, services, and work opportunities.\n\n\nHowever, while the focus on many humanitarian actors is on the sanatoriums, IDPs with\ndisabilities living in the community also face significant challenges, including inaccessible housing\ninfrastructure. While many persons with disabilities reportedly had adapted homes before\ndisplacement, they are now dependent on assistance from others to leave their homes,\nparticularly if not living on ground level.\n\nRecommendations\n\nAs a general principle, separate housing should not be established for persons with disabilities, as\nthis approach risks further isolating IDPs with disabilities and exacerbating stigma, as well as not\nbeing sustainable in the longer term. Persons with disabilities should instead be included in any\nbroader strategy for housing of IDPs.\n\nSome persons with disabilities living in collective centers may need additional support to\ntransition to living in the community. Such assistance could include a relocation grant, \u2018cash for\nrent\u2019, support to access work, and home visits by a social worker to support access to services and\nsocial networks. In addition, local NGOs and other representatives of civic society serving as a link\nbetween IDP/refugee communities and local authorities and having a stronger voice could be used\nto raise the issue of housing with the authorities on the regional level (e.g. advisors to DoSP in the\nregions).\n\n\n**3.5.** **TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY**\n\nLack of accessible and affordable transport was a major concern raised by most refugees and IDPs\nwith disabilities. This was cited as a barrier to accessing employment opportunities, medical\nservices and out of school activities for children. In addition to transport being physically\ninaccessible, persons with disabilities spoke about being pushed off buses by other passengers,\nand a lack of regular availability of transport in rural areas.\n\nThere are also reportedly physical barriers to persons with disabilities crossing between the\nGovernment Controlled Areas (GCA) and NGCA, with impacts on family and social networks and\naccess to documentation and services.\n\nRecommendations\n\nThe proposal for a \u2018social bus/ taxi\u2019 system was raised numerous times, to provide affordable,\nsubsidized transport to persons with limited mobility to access service centers.\n\nIt is important that all programmes and activities targeted to IDPs and refugees include provision\nof transport or reimbursement of transport expenses for persons with mobility difficulties, in\norder to ensure equal access.\n\nOne of the key recommendations made was for improvement in accessibility of existing public\ntransport networks, including through physical adaptation of vehicles, training for public\ntransport workers and a public awareness campaign.\n\n\n**3.6.** **ACCESS TO EDUCATION**\n\n\n\u201c _Our society has very strong stereotypes that children with disabilities should not be close to_\n_children without. Overcoming this stereotype is the biggest challenge\u2026 [Children with_\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_intellectual disabilities] are neglected and they are not wanted and people are afraid of them_\n_and want them to be isolated\u201d_\n\nMother of a child with autism during the workshop in Severodonetsk\n\nConcerns were raised about access to pre-school, primary, secondary and tertiary education for\nchildren with disabilities. Access to school was not only seen to have academic benefits but also\nsocial benefits for children with disabilities, through the development of social networks with\nother children.\n\nParents\u2019 groups were identified as a key actor in promoting access to education for children with\ndisabilities. For example, in Severodonetsk, mothers of children with disabilities spoke about their\nactive role in establishing community- based options for education of children with disabilities.\n\nConcerns were also raised regarding access to sign language training, with availability of teachers\nreportedly being very limited, particularly outside Kyiv.\n\nRecommendations\n\nWhile policies on inclusive education exist, it was recommended that efforts be directed towards\nimplementation, including through teacher training, use of accessible technologies and adequate\nresourcing of schools. Parent\u2019s groups of children with disabilities could be supported to\nstrengthen these efforts at a community levels. Parent\u2019s groups, working together with schools\nand Parents and Teachers Associations could have an important role in:\n\n\n - Reaching out to children with disabilities not accessing school;\n\n - Engaging with their parents of children with and without disabilities to raise awareness\nof the right to education;\n\n - Building peer support networks between children with and without disabilities;\n\n - With technical support from education specialists, providing community- based school\npreparation programmes for children with disabilities\n\nOne of the concrete recommendations made was for the creation of more opportunities for\nchildren with and without disabilities to build social networks, in order to improve inclusiveness\nof the school environment. For example, through creation of adapted and accessible playgrounds\nand inclusive \u2018children\u2019s clubs\u2019. Another concrete recommendation was for more positive\nportrayal of children with disabilities in the media.\n\n\n**3.7.** **CHILDREN AND FAMILIES**\n\nIn some consultations, people raised a concern about IDP children not participating in out of\nschool activities, especially children with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. Barriers were\nreported as including limited availability of transport, high cost of activities and social exclusion\nof children with disabilities.\n\nMothers of children with disabilities spoke about the need for parents of children with disabilities\nto be better supported, including through information and advice. While there are some\nprogrammes being developed to support parents of children with disabilities, these are currently\nquite limited.\n\nRecommendations\n\nRather than establishing separate programming for children and youth with disabilities, it is\nrecommended to strengthen the inclusiveness of existing child and youth programmes. Actions\ncould include:\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Training for staff, including on options for adapting activities\n\n - Outreach to parents of children and youth with disabilities to welcome participation and\ndiscuss any concerns\n\n - Discussion with parents of other children to raise awareness of the rights of children with\ndisabilities and to engage them in addressing barriers to inclusion\n\n - Establishment of \u2018buddy systems\u2019 between youth with and without disabilities, to\naccompany each other to local youth activities\n\n - Physical adaptation of the spaces used for child and youth activities\n\nThrough partnership with a technical expert, community outreach workers could be trained to\nprovide information and support to families of children with disabilities, Existing parents\u2019 groups\ncan also be supported to develop their current activities in providing such support to families,\nthrough being linked with technical experts for capacity building purposes and through financial\nsupport to expand their work.\n\n\n**3.8.** **SOCIAL ISOLATION**\n\n\nMany IDPs spoke about being socially isolated and not knowing their neighbors.\n\n\n_\u201cWe feel like guests here now, there is no more welcome from the community\u201d_\nIDP with a disability in Kuailnik Sanitorium\n\nRefugees experience particularly high levels of stigma and isolation, being excluded both on the\nbasis of disability and status as a foreigner.\n\nIn Severodonetsk, inclusive sports activities were identified as an important mechanism for\npersons with disabilities to reduce isolation and increase self-esteem. Young persons with\ndisabilities also strongly supported proposals for social activities that would allow persons with\ndisabilities to be more active in the community.\n\n\n\u201c _I want to be a leader in this sense\u2026 the idea is for each [person with a disability] to be very_\n_active_ \u201d\n\n\u201c _When we go out we already feel supported, we feel something great_ \u201d\nYoung women with disabilities during the focus group discussion in Severodonetsk\n\nRecommendations\n\n\n\u201c _A very important issue is that we all have to play an equal role in social activities to make_\n_sure that the most isolated people are informed of and included in social activities_ \u201d\n\nParticipant in the workshop in Severodonetsk\n\nDuring some consultations there was strong support for a proposal for a community center for\npersons with disabilities and others. It is recommended that such center/s not be established only\nfor persons with disabilities are open and accessible to all community members (including from\nthe refugee, IDP and host communities), with persons with disabilities having a leadership and\nmanagement role.\n\nIDPs supported the proposal for home visits for person with disabilities and their families who\nare more isolated. A community outreach volunteer programme could be a very effective strategy\nboth for reaching more isolated persons and for strengthening relationships between IDP, refugee\nand host communities. It is recommended that if community outreach volunteers are engaged\nthey include refugees and IDPs with disabilities, which will have an important impact in terms of\ndemonstrating the contributions of persons with disabilities.\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**3.9.** **MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT**\n\n\nWhile the majority of IDPs did not talk directly about mental health and psychosocial support\n(MHPSS) needs, high levels of distress were observed during consultations. According projection\nof the World Health Organization increased levels of MHPSS needs can be expected during forced\ndisplacement, including a 50% increase of prevalence of severe mental disorders, and a doubling\nof common mental disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, as well as\nelevated needs of psychosocial distress. [9] No specific estimations are available for MHPSS needs of\npeople with disabilities in humanitarian settings, but we can estimate these needs to be even\nhigher than in other displaced people because of the abundance of risk factors such as loss of social\ncohesion and family support, decreased access to medical and social care, increased economic\nhardships and daily stressors.\n\nRecommendations\n\nIn general, it will be important to explore opportunities to support more community-based\napproaches to mental health care that can be made in the next years, to shift away from a\npredominantly institution- based approach with high risks of being abusive and not being able to\nguarantee the rights of people with severe and chronic mental disorders [10]\n\nActions to address social isolation and foster self-help and mutual support can have significant\nimpacts on mental health and psychosocial well- being. In particular, the establishment of\ncommunity centers and outreach volunteer programmes are useful ways of promoting social\ninteraction. Further, improved access to information, livelihood opportunities and sustainable\nhousing options are also likely to have an impact on reducing high levels of stress, hopelessness\nand frustration, which are arising in a large part due to daily stressors and social marginalization.\nImportant is that such activities be conceptualized within a broader framework of community\nbased protection. [11]\n\n\n**3.10.** **SPECIFIC PROTECTION CONCERNS**\n\nSpecific protection concerns were identified for two main groups- persons living in institutions\nand older persons without family support.\nIt is known globally that persons with disabilities who are living in institutions are particularly at\nrisk of violence and abuse, including sexual abuse [12] . The situation of persons with disabilities who\nwere living in institutions in the NGCA prior to the conflict is not clear. For example, it is not clear\nwhether they were moved to other institutions in the NGCA or GCA or have remained in the same\nfacilities. It is likely that family separation may be a concern for this group, if family members have\nbeen displaced to other parts of the country.\n\nWhile there are a number of state services in place to support single older persons who do not\nhave children, older persons who have children do not receive any state support. This system may\n\n\n9 WHO & UNHCR (2012), Assessing Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs and Resources: Toolkit for\nHumanitarian Settings.\n[http://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/509bb3229/assessing-mental-health-psychosocial-needs-](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/509bb3229/assessing-mental-health-psychosocial-needs-resources.html)\n[resources.html](http://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/509bb3229/assessing-mental-health-psychosocial-needs-resources.html)\n10See: European Union (2013), Psychiatry as a tool for coercion in post-Soviet countries. Brussels:\nDirectorate-General for External Policies of the Union Policy Department (EXPO/B/DROI/2013/02).\nhttp://www.gip-global.org/files/report-ep-political-abuse-1.pdf\n11 See UNHCR (2013), Operation Guidance for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Programming in\nRefugee Operations. http://www.unhcr.org/525f94479.pdf\n12 See, for example, Save the Children UK (2011) \u2018Out of the Shadows- Sexual Violence Against Children\nwith Disabilities\u2019\n[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CEDAW/HarmfulPractices/HandicapInternationalandSave](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CEDAW/HarmfulPractices/HandicapInternationalandSavetheChildren.pdf)\n[theChildren.pdf](http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CEDAW/HarmfulPractices/HandicapInternationalandSavetheChildren.pdf)\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "place older persons who are estranged from their family in a vulnerable situation without access\nto services, and risks older persons remaining in abusive situations due to forced dependence on\nfamily members.\n\nRecommendations\n\nDiscussions should occur regarding the situation of persons with disabilities who were living in\ninstitutions in the conflict affected areas. Key questions are if and where these people have been\ndisplaced to, any need for restoring links with families, and protection monitoring mechanisms\nthat can be put in place. Persons with disabilities themselves should participate in these\ndiscussions themselves, to identify protection concerns and solutions.\n\nGenerally, as with mental health care, it will be important to explore opportunities to strengthen\ncommunity-based approaches to supporting persons with disabilities, to shift away from a\npredominantly institution- based approach. This should include strengthening of mechanisms to\nsupport independent living in the community and decision- making about their lives.\n\nConsideration should also be given to mechanisms for expanding State assistance to older persons\nto those who are estranged from their families or are in an abusive situation with their families.\n\n\n**3.11.** **COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND ADVOCACY**\n\nParticularly in Odessa, IDPs with disabilities and their families expressed a desire to have a\nstronger voice in advocating for a solution to their housing situation and other problems they face.\nMain challenges identified were around access to information about complaints and feedback\nmechanisms, and access to authorities. The limited effectiveness of advocacy efforts may also be\nrelated to some extent to the limited organization among IDPs with disabilities. While\nrepresentative structures of persons with disabilities living in collective centers do exist, these\nneed to be strengthened in order to be representative and be seen as being representative of all\ninterested residents.\n\nOne of the positive factors noted during consultations was the active role of community- based\norganizations in supporting persons with disabilities.\n\n\n\u201c _We need to support each other and stay in touch between different organizations and_\n_organize similar workshops or gatherings like this one_ \u201d\n\nYoung woman with a disability during the workshop in Severodonetsk\n\nRecommendations\n\n\n\u201c _If one person talks nobody listens_ \u201d\n\nIDP with a disability during the workshop in Odessa, presenting a proposal for\nstrengthening advocacy\n\nAs proposed by IDPs themselves, it is recommended that IDPs living in collective centers and in\nthe community be supported to organize and strengthen their role in advocacy. This could include\ncreating an effective representative group with clear structures and processes for representing\nthe concerns and ideas of all IDPs with disabilities (including more marginalized groups such as\nyouth and persons with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities), and supporting the group with:\n\n\n - Capacity building on representation, leadership, and negotiation\n\n - Providing legal advice for group advocacy, and information on appropriate advocacy\nstrategies and mechanisms for protection of human rights\n\n - Linking with organizations of persons with disabilities in Ukraine (e.g. NAPD)\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - Producing coherent and agreed advocacy messages to share with authorities and other\nhumanitarian actors\n\n - Developing a media campaign to highlight the concerns of IDPs with disabilities in\nsanatoriums\n\n - Bringing together IDPs and local authorities (e.g. in roundtable discussion/s)\n\nIt is also recommended that existing community- based organizations be supported to strengthen\nand, where appropriate, expand their work with persons with disabilities. Following on from the\nfirst CBO Forum that took place in Kharkiv in December 2015, another event could be held to bring\ntogether community based organizations, including those working with persons with disabilities,\nfor information share and joint planning.\n\n\n**3.12.** **ACCESS TO INFORMATION**\n\nThe need for access to information on services, assistance, legal rights, and complaints/ feedback\nprocedures was frequently raised during consultations. Information that is disseminated in only\none format may not be accessible to persons with disabilities, or to other groups in the community,\nsuch as those who are not literate, who do not have access to internet or who speak different\nlanguages.\n\nRecommendations\n\nRefugees and IDPs identified a number of channels that they find particularly useful for accessing\ninformation, including websites, telephone \u2018hotlines\u2019, free local newspapers/ newsletters,\ncommunity centers, and word of mouth (e.g. through home visits). It is important that when\ninformation is disseminated, persons with disabilities themselves are consulted (e.g. via NAPD) to\nidentify ways to improve accessibility for people with different impairment types (hearing, visual,\nintellectual).\n\nOne option to consider is to arrange \u2018service provider days\u2019, where service providers meet with\noutreach volunteers and representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities, including\nthose from the refugee and IDP community, to exchange information about concerns being\nidentified, support services available and referral pathways.\n\n\n**3.13.** **FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS**\n\n\nHaving reviewed the suggested recommendations UNHCR from its side stands ready to provide\nsupport to implementation of the following ones with expected involvement and contribution\nfrom the side of Ukrainian authorities on local and central levels:\n\n\n - establishing an accessible community center in Odessa;\n\n - building a community volunteer program in Odessa and Dnipro;\n\n - modification of public bus network in Odessa, Dnipro, Zaparizhzhia and Slovyansk;\n\n - improving accessibility of a summer camp in Kyiv;\n\n - upgrading sport centres in Slovyansk and Dnipro;\n\n - implementation of social activities between persons with and without disabilities in\nDonetsk and Maripul;\n\n - modification of children\u2019s playgrounds in Donetsk;\n\n - capacity building of local organizations working with disabilities in eastern Ukraine).\n\n\n\n\n\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \u2013 www.unhcr.org\n\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4a82522a-e9ad-3bd1-bf6b-778c6fb5b9a2/strenthening_protection_of_persons_with_disabilities_final.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_937/raw/doc_937_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_937/raw/doc_937_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 76ce09a370e9e07588c6ea100ee3841478643041..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_937/raw/doc_937_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **ES/NFI Sector** Sudan\n\n# ES/NFI SECTOR STRATEGY\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|STRATEGY STATUS|VERSION|STATUS|EFFECTIVE DATE|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**STRATEGY STATUS**|**2.0**||**2017**||\n|**COORDINATION**|**ES/NFI National coordinator:**
Nevins Saeed (saeedn@unhcr.org)|**ES/NFI National coordinator:**
Nevins Saeed (saeedn@unhcr.org)|**GoS focal point (Humanitarian Aid Commision):**
Mohamed Omer (mohamedhac00@gmail.com)
**Hamad Gamar**(hamadgamar@yahoo.com)|**GoS focal point (Humanitarian Aid Commision):**
Mohamed Omer (mohamedhac00@gmail.com)
**Hamad Gamar**(hamadgamar@yahoo.com)|\n|PARTNERS|ADRA, AORD, AOSCD, ARC, ASSIST, BCDO, CONCERN, CRS, El Ruhama, GAA, GFO, GAH, GOAL,
IOM, JASMAR, NCA, Oxfam America, PORDR,PLAN International, RDN, SAG, SIBRO, SORC, SRCS,
TGH, UMCOR, UPO, WVI, ZOA|ADRA, AORD, AOSCD, ARC, ASSIST, BCDO, CONCERN, CRS, El Ruhama, GAA, GFO, GAH, GOAL,
IOM, JASMAR, NCA, Oxfam America, PORDR,PLAN International, RDN, SAG, SIBRO, SORC, SRCS,
TGH, UMCOR, UPO, WVI, ZOA|ADRA, AORD, AOSCD, ARC, ASSIST, BCDO, CONCERN, CRS, El Ruhama, GAA, GFO, GAH, GOAL,
IOM, JASMAR, NCA, Oxfam America, PORDR,PLAN International, RDN, SAG, SIBRO, SORC, SRCS,
TGH, UMCOR, UPO, WVI, ZOA|ADRA, AORD, AOSCD, ARC, ASSIST, BCDO, CONCERN, CRS, El Ruhama, GAA, GFO, GAH, GOAL,
IOM, JASMAR, NCA, Oxfam America, PORDR,PLAN International, RDN, SAG, SIBRO, SORC, SRCS,
TGH, UMCOR, UPO, WVI, ZOA|\n\n\n**I.** **INTRODUCTION**\n\n\n\n\n\nSudan continues to be affected by armed conflict and natural disasters (floods and fire), resulting in the displacement of\na large number of people, the most vulnerable being women and children that need basic life-saving shelter and nonfood items assistance to prevent vulnerability to malnutrition and disease. The conflicts in Sudan are complex and\nprotracted. The prolonged conflict in Darfur reflects longstanding competition over land and resources, with over 2.5\nmillion people displaced. This includes protracted IDPs that have been relying on humanitarian assistance for more than\na decade and this is expected to continue as return to areas of origin is not possible due to continued insecurity and\nconflict. In 2016, North and Central Darfur saw significant new displacement caused by conflict in Jebel Marra.\nHumanitarian support to people living in protracted displacement continues to play a critical protection role. Security,\nlack of basic services, livelihood opportunities and infrastructure in potential areas of return remain a major challenge\nfor returnees in Darfur with the corresponding effects on health.\n\n\n**The overarching objective of the ES/NFI sector in Sudan is to save lives and provide protection from life-threatening**\n**diseases, malnutrition and restore some dignity to persons of concern (PoC). This is done by ensuring they have access**\n**to basic domestic items and shelter solutions that provide privacy, security, protection from the elements, and a space**\n**to live and store belongings in a dignified manner.**\n\n\nGiven the protracted nature of the conflict in Sudan, the ES/NFI sector has adopted a two-pronged strategy which\nincludes: (a) continuing with the provision of emergency shelter and non-food items to populations affected by conflict\nand disaster (internally displaced people \u2013 new and protracted; host communities), returnees, and other vulnerable\npopulations; and (b) to facilitate durable solutions in Darfur with the provision of environmentally friendly shelter\nsolutions and capacity building for their construction with a view to reducing aid dependency, increasing self reliance and\nreducing damage to the environment to the bare minimum . Building on lessons learned from partners already engaged\nin the provision of transitional shelter, the strategy will promote adherence to agreed standards and best practice by all\nsector partners. Additionally, self-reliance and early recovery will be promoted by engagement and training of\nIDPs/returnees in income-generating livelihood activities (e.g. production of shelter/NFI components such as stabilized\nsoil bricks, woven grass mats, sleeping mats and training in building and construction techniques) and soft skills and\nensure effective links with other sectors, for a more holistic response.This would include integration of cross-sectorial\npriorities such as protection, gender and environment.\n\n\nSince ES/NFI items are not intended for long-term use, vulnerable protracted IDPs including persons with specific needs\nwill be provided with needs-based renewal ES/NFIs. Based on the HNO and previous displacement trends, an estimated\n1.5 million people will need ES/NFI assistance across Sudan in 2017. The sector, which includes some 35 partners, targets\n650,000 people in need, including 300,000 newly displaced due to conflict/disaster; 150,000 of the most vulnerable\nprotracted IDPs and 200,000 returnees/reintegrated PoCs.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HNO", - "confidence": 0.7277162671089172, - "start": 986, - "end": 987 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9442943930625916, - "start": 1006, - "end": 1007 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8200390338897705, - "start": 1008, - "end": 1009 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable protracted IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8133260011672974, - "start": 965, - "end": 968 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PoCs", - "confidence": 0.6255306601524353, - "start": 1055, - "end": 1056 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ES/NFI Sector**\nSudan\n\n\n**Multi-Year Humanitarian Strategy (MYHS) 2017-2019**\n\n\nEmerging life-saving needs are expected to continue in the next three years, requiring the sector to respond to newly\ndisplaced populations with the timely provision of ES/NFIs. As such, under Outcome 1 of the MYHS, the sector will\nrespond to the needs of newly displaced people in line with the Emergency Response Framework for Sudan (endorsed\nby the HCT in November 2015). As an initial intervention for people fleeing their area of origin due to conflict or natural\ndisaster, communal shelters will be provided at the site of displacement to protect older people and pregnant and\nlactating women and children from the elements while they await registration and verification. Once verified/registered,\nPoCs will be provided with ES/NFIs based on assessed needs. As such, the sector will ensure that newly displaced persons\nin need have timely access to basic emergency shelter and domestic items to mitigate health threats and to\nsustain/improve living conditions.\n\n\nUnder Outcome 2 of the MYHS, the ES/NFI needs of the most vulnerable protracted IDPs and returnees will be met\nthrough the provision of renewal NFIs and emergency shelter material or transitional shelters depending on land tenure.\nAdditionally, self-reliance and early recovery will be promoted by engagement and training of IDPs/returnees in incomegenerating livelihood activities (e.g. production of shelter/NFI components such as stabilized soil bricks, woven grass\nmats, sleeping mats and training in building and construction techniques) and soft skills.\n\n\n**Cross-cutting themes**\n\n\nHumanitarian Protection will be mainstreamed across all ES/NFI activities in close collaboration with the Protection\nSector to ensure that sector activities are implemented with consideration of beneficiary protection needs. The\nProtection Sector will also be consulted on integrating initiatives to address Gender-Based Violence in ES/NFI\ninterventions. Accountability to Affected Populations is emphasized through the gender and humanitarian protection\nlens, to ensure that the needs of women, girls, boys, men and persons with specific needs are considered. The sector will\nensure that specific needs are addressed by involving beneficiaries in assessments, distribution of NFIs/shelter items.\nOpen channels of communication for feedback, complaints and information sharing will be established so that assistance\nis delivered within the principles of neutrality and \u2018do no harm\u2019 and ensuring the safety of all beneficiaries.\n\n\nES/NFI partners must ensure that distribution sites are safe and accessible for all groups and that distribution times are\nappropriate, and must be aware of the code of conduct and oriented on the prevention of abuse/exploitation of\nbeneficiaries. Host community assistance must be considered in needs assessments to avoid tensions between IDPs and\nhost communities. Differences in the amount/content of NFI packages on the basis of need, must be clearly\ncommunicated to, and understood by the beneficiary community. Environmental concerns will be addressed by ensuring\nthat beneficiaries are aware of the impact of ES/NFI activities on the environment and effective mitigation measures,\nsuch as recycling/reusing old NFIs and the reduction/safe disposal of packaging material.\n\n\n**Inter-sectoral initiatives and collaboration**\n\n\nThe ES/NFI Sector will continue to work with other sectors (e.g. WASH, Health) in the distribution of NFIs to avoid overlap\nin commonly targeted areas. The sector will collaborate with the Protection Sector in the identification of the most\nvulnerable protracted IDPs who continue to require ES/NFI assistance. Contributing to UNDAF Outcome 1, the sector will\nwork with the FSL Sector to address the needs of protracted IDPs and with the RRR Sector in targeting returnees to\nincrease the provision of livelihoods activities. The provision of appropriate shelters will provide a safe place for lactating\nmothers to feed their babies and improving their nutritional status, while the provision of relevant NFIs such as jerry cans\nwill allow for the safe storage of clean potable water, and a kitchen set will ensure that mothers are able to cook the dry\nrations provided by the FSL sector. The sector will continue to engage and work closely with RCF on interventions in\nlocations with mixed populations, ensuring that the quantity and quality of ES/NFIs provided to an IDP or refugee\nhousehold in a mixed population is the same, to avoid resentment between groups and adhere to the Do No Harm\nprinciple.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Advocacy**\nThe sector will develop key advocacy messages with the help of the Inter-agency Advocacy working Group (IAWG) to\nhighlight sector activities continue to advocate with the Humanitarian Coordinator, national authority and donors\ntowards gaining access to populations in need, and funding to cover gaps in emergency response and preparedness. The\nsector will advocate for funding to promote the delivery of transitional shelters and training to encourage self-reliance\nand reduce aid dependency towards early recovery and development.\n\n\n**Guiding Principles**\n\n\nIn September 2015, the Sudan Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) endosed a set of Minimum Operating Standards (MOS)\nto guide members of the HCT and their respective constituencies in delivering effective and principled humanitarian\nassistance across the country, both in areas controlled by the Government as well as the armed movements. The\nstandards are firmly rooted in the existing international framework for humanitarian action.\nIn delivering ES/NFI assistance, sector partners confirm their commitment to put people in need at the\ncenter of humanitarian response, ensure principled humanitarian action, and maintain the highest standards of\naccountability\n\n**\u2022** Cross cutting issues include: protection mainstreaming, gender equality, environment and accountability to affected\npopulations. These must be considered in all stages of the project cycle ( _see Guidance Notes on Humanitarian_\n_protection for guidance)_ .\n\n**\u2022** Provision of lifesaving emergency shelter and NFIs to all verified newly displace people of concern identified to be in\nneed and focusing on households\n\n**\u2022** Provision of lifesaving emergency shelter and NFIs to protracted persons of concern identified to be in need and\nfocusing on the most vulnerable households with least self-reliance\n\n**\u2022** Ensure the safety and dignity of beneficiaries, avoid doing harm and ensure equity of distribution.\n\n**\u2022** Ensure safe and unhindered access to the delivery of assistance without any discrimination of people in special need.\n\n**\u2022** Ensure availability of mechanisms through which beneficiaries can address concerns and complaints\n\n**\u2022** Ensure beneficiary participation in the identification planning, design and implementation phases of emergency and\ntransitional shelter provision\n\n**\u2022** Ensure all emergency transitional shelter projects undertaken by sector partners and shelter design are appropriate\nto the context\n\n**\u2022** Transitional shelters are provided to returnees and protracted IDPs in locations outside of camps where land tenure\nis deemed not to be an issue.\n\n**\u2022** Wherever possible ES/NFI interventions should support local economies and livelihoods to ensure sustainability and\nmaximize a positive impact on the local economy.\n\n\n**II.** **COORDINATION STRUCTURE**\n\n\nAt state level, the sector is represented by field coordinators (focal points) who liaise closely with the national coordinator\nto ensure an adequate preparedness and response. Through the sector approach, the ES/NFI sector ensures the provision\nof accountable, predictable, transparent and reliable response to all people of concern in Sudan assesed to be in need of\nES/NFIs.\n\n\nSector coordination meetings are convened by on a regular basis bringing together UN agencies and NGOs with local\nauthorities in an effort to coordinate, harmonize and improve the provision of ES/NFIs. The meetings are chaired by the\nNational Sector coordinator in Khartoum; UNHCR field coordinators in Darfur and Kadugli (state-level) and partner NGOs\nin locations where there is no sector lead agency presence e.g. Blue Nile State. The meetings provide an open forum for\ndiscussing coverage of beneficiaries, activities implemented, gaps that need to be coordinated, plans to cover unmet\nneeds of targeted beneficiaries, best practices, and minimum standards that guide members in the provision of NFIs and\nshelter-related interventions. The meetings also discuss issues with NFI CP operations, such as transporter delays or\ndamaged items. The Sector Lead and the field ESNFI focal points ensure that information and recommendations\ndiscussed at sector meetings are shared, raised or disseminated in other meetings as appropriate.\n\n\nTo ensure effective coordination for a more holistic response, the ES/NFI sector is an active member of the ISCG (Inter\nSector Coordination Group) working closely with Protection, WASH, Health and RRR sectors and also participates in state\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ES/NFI Sector**\nSudan\n\n\nand field level humanitarian coordination forums. Sector partners work closely with the field coordinators and OCHA to\nmonitor emergencies and conduct assessments for appropriate sector based response.\n\n\n**Sector Partners**\n\n\nPartners operating on the ground in the field are the vital link to the beneficiaries, as they take the lead in assessments,\ndistributions and monitoring. Partner organizations must be recognized by the local governmental authorities as\nhumanitarian actors and include UN agencies, international and national NGO\u2019s, and other international organizations.\n\n\n**Strategic Advisory Group** **(SAG)**\n\n\nThe sector established a Strategic Advisory Group late 2016, to endorse key documents, guide the selection and\nprioritisaation process for projects for the Humanitarian Response Plan and pooled funds and advise on the need to set\nup technical working groups and advise on the results presented. The SAG also advises on other issues and contributes\nto advocacy messaging for the Sector.\n\n\n**Technical Working Groups (TWiGS)**\n\n\nTechnical Working Groups (TWiGs) are established and provided with Terms of Reference by the ES/NFI sector SAG on\nan ad-hoc basis as is deemed necessary. The Sector Coordinator appoints a Focal Point to facilitate the work of the group.\nSuch groups have a limited life-span and are dissolved once the outputs outlined in the TORs have been achieved.\n\n\nThe composition of a TWiG is based on available technical skills, interest, and capacities from among the UN agencies,\nnon-governmental, and governmental actors. The TWiG Focal Point is responsible for updating the SAG on status of workin-progress. Final outputs/recommendations of the TWiG are presented to sector partners at the next coordination\nmeeting for feedback and comment. Once the SAG has endorsed the recommendations of the TWiG, sector partners are\nexpected to apply the recommendations. The following TWiGs are currently established: (1) Vulnerability Criteria; (2)\nDisaster Risk Reduction; (3) NFI Procurement; (4) Shelter Design.\n\n**III.** **PLANNED RESPONSE 2017**\n\n**Targetted Benefciaries 2017**\n\n**\u2022** 60,000 households newly displaced due to conflict or natural disaster receive emergency shelter and non-food items\nfor protection from the elements to mitigate health threats\n\n**\u2022** 40,000 returnee / integrated IDP households receive emergency shelter and non-food items for protection from the\nelements to mitigate health threats\n\n**\u2022** 30,000 number of most vulnerable pre-existing IDP households ( PSNs) receive renewal NFIs for protection from the\nelements to mitigate health threats\n\n**\u2022** 5000 long-term IDP and returnee /integrated IDP families provided with suitable environmentally friendly transitional\nshelters\n\n**\u2022** 25,000 long-term IDPs and returnees /integrated IDPs are trained on construction techniques including brick making\n\n**Key Objectives**\n\n**1.** Affected populations have timely access to basic emergency shelter and domestic items to mitigate health threats\n\nand to sustain or improve living conditions.\n**2.** Emergency shelter and non-food items response enhanced through effective coordination, timely information\n\nsharing and capacity building amongst all partners and stakeholders.\n**3.** Shelter solutions: provision of environmentally-friendly and locally acceptable transitional shelter, using local/\n\nregionally produced materials expanded, with transfer of knowledge.\n**4.** Support for livelihoods activities and durable solutions towards reducing dependency and supporting early recovery.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**ES/NFI Sector**\nSudan\n\n\n**IV.** **THE NFI COMMON PIPELINE**\n\nThe Non-Food Items Common Pipeline (NFI CP) is the main provider of ES/NFI assistance in Darfur, and the \u2018provider of\nlast resort\u201d for the Rest of Sudan. Maximizing economies of scale, the NFI CP promotes supply chain efficiencies by\nreducing costs, avoiding duplication of efforts, standardizing items distributed, and promoting effectiveness, providing\nES/NFIs to some 35 partner NGOs for distribution. The NFI CP supports lifesaving interventions for conflict and disasteraffected and returnee populations who have lost their household possessions.\n\n\nBased on need assessments and with approval by the Sector, partners request stock from the NFI CP as needed to\naccelerate response to an emergency. The items are designed for emergency response and are not intended to be a\npermanent solution. Replenishment of key items (full basket or individual items) is done for vulnerable protracted IDP\nhouseholds based on needs identified through protection vulnerability assessments. A Standard Operating Procedure\ndocument is available to guide partners on the process for accessing the NFI CP. This document is shared with partners\non a regular basis.\n\n\n**V.** **MONITORING AND EVALUATION**\n\n\nThe ES/NFI sector requires partners to conduct on-site and Post-Distribution Monitoring exercises either with the\npresence of the Sector Lead Agency (UNHCR) or other partner staff, to ensure the effectiveness of the distribution\nmethodology, safe and equitable distribution, mitigate possible protection risks during and after the distribution and\nmeasure the appropriateness of the items distributed.\n\nMonitoring is aimed at improving overall effectiveness and accountability of emergency shelter and non-food items\nprovision to IDPs and is a prerequisite for any distribution of assistance. Monitoring during and after distribution, as well\nas evaluation is carried out by teams composed of UNHCR and partner staff. Monitoring is a vital component allowing for\ntracking the progress of the project, according to the defined indicators and using specific forms for targets and\nachievements of shelter activities and decision making for future planning. Progress on project implementation is\nmonitored through standard M&E reporting tools, and monthly progress reports. Regular site visits to check quality of\nconstruction is also undertaken.\nPost-Distribution Monitoring exercises to measure the appropriateness of the items distributed, the effectiveness of the\ndistribution methodology, and the possible protection risks encountered during and after the distributions. Regular\nmeetings with the community members in the target areas and also with other partners including line ministries to gather\ntheir views about the project are necessary to identify flaws and the need for modifications in the implementation plan.\nThe results, findings and feedback from all the partners (community members, line ministries and other agencies working\nin the area) and lessons learned in the course of the project implementation are documented for incorporation into\nfuture programming initiatives.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "M&E reporting tools", - "confidence": 0.5836561918258667, - "start": 391, - "end": 396 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9201438426971436, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "monthly progress reports", - "confidence": 0.7083913683891296, - "start": 398, - "end": 401 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6371141672134399, - "start": 313, - "end": 314 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|INTERVENTION PHASE|POPULATION GROUP|ASSISTANCE TYPE|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Emergency Phase**|Newly displaced populations / returnees|Communal shelters: long shed-like structure waiting
area for shelter at the sites of displacement for newly
displaced due to conflict or disaster/ returnees and
other vulnerable affected people||\n|**Emergency Phase**
Emergency response - well coordinated life-
saving response through the provision of
needs based, appropriate and timely
emergency shelter and non-food items in a
transparent and accountable manner|Newly displaced populations /returnees|For a family/household of 5:
\uf0b7 Emergency shelter (plastic sheet) IDPs/returnees set
up shelter using available sticks/ wood, brush + NFI
kit (Cooking Sets \u2013 1; Plastic Sheet \u2013 1; Jerry Cans
(20l) \u2013 1; Blankets \u2013 2; Sleeping Mats \u2013 2).
\uf0b7 Improved emergency shelter ( plastic sheet + plastic
sheet/ bamboo sticks/ wooden poles, rope, grass
mats / cordage: some basic material provided in
areas where this is not readily available.) + NFI kit||\n|**Protracted phase**
_Renewal distributions- since the items_
_provided as emergency response are_
_perishable protracted IDPs (extremely_
_vulnerable people and people with specific_
_needs are provided with renewal NFIs based_
_on assessed needs_
|Most vulnerable Protracted IDPs|Emergency shelter ( plastic sheet + shelter material) +
renewal NFIs as needed from the NFI kit
||\n|Early recovery/transitional Phase|Protracted IDPs & returnees in rural
areas|Transitional shelters \u2013 SSB construction/ metal frames
with grass mat and mud wall/ traditional huts.
Partners provide construction materials
Beneficiaries build their shelter
Project supervisors provide technical expertise
||\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f9aa742e-a3b4-3a8e-a0c4-25ee17a83141/sudan_esnfi_sector_strategy_2017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_938/raw/doc_938_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_938/raw/doc_938_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d5f956536e41be45ec562ba3f675aedaf2140e1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_938/raw/doc_938_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Synthesis Note: The Engagement of National NGOs in the Coordination of** **the Protection Cluster in Niger**\n# \uf084\uf084\uf084\uf084\uf020\uf020\n\nMay 2018\n\nThe Protection Cluster in Niger has led many initiatives to integrate national NGOs into Cluster\nactivities. In 2018, out of partners listed in the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), eight (8)\nare national NGOs that have actively participated in the humanitarian needs assessment and in\nthe strategic and operational planning of the protection sector. Seven (7) national NGOs are\nactive in the Protection Cluster and have been actively involved in the development of the\nProtection Cluster Strategy in 2017.\n\nIn addition, it should be noted that there is a good involvement of state actors who play a\nstrategic role as co-lead of coordination at the level of the national cluster, regional clusters\nand certain sub-clusters or thematic groups. For example, the Regional Directorate for Child\nProtection (DRPE) is the lead agency of the Protection Working Groups (including General\nProtection, Child Protection, Sexual and Gender Based Violence Protection Working Groups)\nin the region of Diffa and Tillaberi. The Ministry of Humanitarian Action is also the co-lead\nof the Protection Working Group at the national level. This practice has allowed for better\ninvolvement of the authorities at national and regional level. The involvement of national\nauthorities in the coordination of clusters, sub-clusters and protection clusters has also been\nreinforced by ongoing and effective support for capacity building.\n\nOne of the good practices observed for better engagement of local and national NGOs as well\nas state actors in protection coordination mechanisms in Niger is the integration of these actors\nin the programming of international NGOs promoting their role in protection programs. In\naddition, as the humanitarian space is increasingly restricted in the Tillaberi region, the\noperational capacity of the humanitarian community is limited. It is worth noting the crucial\nrole played by national NGOs in providing humanitarian assistance and protection to people\nliving in inaccessible areas due to insecurity and the context of ongoing conflict. National\nNGOs regularly share their expertise and lessons learned in terms of acceptance and\nhumanitarian access.\n\nThe main problems in terms of national NGO engagement in coordination remain access to\nhumanitarian funding mechanisms for national NGOs, despite efforts to support national NGOs\nin accessing the humanitarian common fund more easily. In addition, partnerships with national\nNGOs mainly take the form of a subcontracting model limiting the leading role they can play\nin decision making.\n\nThe Protection Cluster is following its elaborate exit strategy in order to ensure that the\ncoverage of protection issues by the country's stakeholders is sustainable and continuous.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/093272fb-47e8-359b-a0ba-27d7dc6b1534/synthesis_note_national_ngo_engagement_in_cp_26_05_2018.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_939/raw/doc_939_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_939/raw/doc_939_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index e1b659c4157fd0bf322f10d88b65bf5254b6ade2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_939/raw/doc_939_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "##### Juillet 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "s\n\n\n## **MESSAGES CL\u00c9S**\n\nLa crise de d\u00e9placement au sud du Tchad a pris de l\u2019ampleur \u00e0\n\ncause de la nouvelle arriv\u00e9e de milliers de retourn\u00e9s et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n\nde la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine (RCA), cons\u00e9quence de l\u2019action de\n\ngroupes arm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents au-del\u00e0 de la fronti\u00e8re.\n\nIl est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019investir dans la r\u00e9solution progressive de la situation des\n\nd\u00e9placements dans le sud du Tchad, notamment \u00e0 travers le renforcement de\n\nla r\u00e9silience et des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation des personnes en mouvement et des\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes, et l\u2019engagement communautaire pour la coh\u00e9sion sociale.\n\n\nLa situation humanitaire dans le Sud s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e avec la situation\n\ndes anciens retourn\u00e9s qui ne sont plus assist\u00e9s et \u00e0 laquelle s\u2019ajoute\n\nla situation des nouveaux retourn\u00e9s.\n\nDepuis janvier 2021, environ 12 208 Tchadiens sont retourn\u00e9s au Tchad depuis la\n\nRCA : 53% d\u2019entre eux sont des femmes et des filles. L\u2019Organisation internationale\n\npour les migrations (OIM) a besoin d\u2019au moins 1.8 million $ pour offrir une aide\n\nd\u2019urgence aux nouveaux retourn\u00e9s notamment en abris, articles m\u00e9nagers, eau,\n\nhygi\u00e8ne et assainissement.\n\n\nLes interventions pour pr\u00e9server et am\u00e9liorer les capitaux existants\n\ndans les communaut\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitent un financement de 1 million $\n\npour la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019impact court terme _(life-saving intervention_ ).\n\nLa r\u00e9alisation d\u2019interventions pour impact \u00e0 effets multiples dans les\n\ncommunaut\u00e9s, telles que la protection des actifs productifs et la promotion des\n\ninnovations susceptibles de cr\u00e9er des emplois ( _economic empowerment_ ), est\n\n\u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire.\n\n\n\nLe Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) a ajust\u00e9 la programmation\n\nde ses ressources pour couvrir les besoins les plus imm\u00e9diats des\n\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des retourn\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment arriv\u00e9s. En tant que tel, le PAM\n\nest maintenant confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries critiques pour continuer\n\n\u00e0 fournir de l\u2019aide dans le Sud, avec une rupture compl\u00e8te des\n\nressources pr\u00e9vues en ao\u00fbt 2021.\n\nEn mai, les 100 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s les plus vuln\u00e9rables dans le Sud ont\n\nre\u00e7u des rations, mais le PAM a encore besoin de 5,7 millions $ pour soutenir les\n\npersonnes touch\u00e9es par la crise dans cette r\u00e9gion avec des transferts en esp\u00e8ces\n\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. En outre, le PAM a besoin de 450 000 $ pour reconstituer\n\nle stock de biscuits \u00e0 haute valeur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, en pr\u00e9vision de nouveaux afflux\n\nou d\u2019autres crises soudaines.\n\n\nL\u2019Agence des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) est confront\u00e9e\n\n\u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries critiques des ressources pour continuer \u00e0 fournir de\n\nl\u2019aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement arriv\u00e9s au Sud.\n\nAfin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins d\u2019environ 30 000 nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le HCR a\n\nestim\u00e9 des besoins financiers \u00e0 hauteur de 34,8 millions $ pour une r\u00e9ponse\n\nmultisectorielle d\u2019urgence. En juin 2021, seulement 8% des fonds demand\u00e9s ont\n\n\u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us, laissant des lacunes importantes dans tous les secteurs de la r\u00e9ponse\n\nde pr\u00e8s de 32,7 millions $, n\u00e9cessaires pour permettre une protection et une\n\nassistance cibl\u00e9es aux rfugi\u00e9s et leur population d\u2019accueil.\n\n\nEn 2020, la saison pluvieuse a gravement affect\u00e9 les provinces du\n\nSud et menace d\u2019impacter s\u00e9rieusement l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021. La pr\u00e9paration\n\n\u00e0 l\u2019urgence est primordiale en termes d\u2019abris et articles m\u00e9nagers\n\nessentiels.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **APER\u00c7U DE LA** **SITUATION**\n\n\n\ntrafricaine. Source : OCHA\n\n\n\ncraignant une forte militarisation observ\u00e9e \u00e0 la\nfronti\u00e8re de Sourou. En effet, un renforcement\nde la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (augmentation des effectifs et du\nmat\u00e9riel militaire) a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 au niveau de\ntous les postes frontaliers du cot\u00e9 tchadien afin\nde parer \u00e0 toute \u00e9ventualit\u00e9 semblable \u00e0 celle de\nl\u2019attaque de Sourou.\n\n\nCes nouvelles vagues de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s\nexacerbent les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans les provinces\ndu Sud, en particulier pour les communaut\u00e9s\nh\u00f4tes. Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, le Sud\na totalis\u00e9 22 433 demandeurs d\u2019asile au 1er\njuin 2021, concentr\u00e9s dans les trois provinces\ndu Logone Oriental, Moyen Chari et Mandoul.\nOn note que ces provinces accueillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus\nde 91 276 anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et plus de 77.650\nanciens retourn\u00e9s install\u00e9s dans plusieurs\ncamps, sites et villages d\u2019accueil.\n\n\nEn d\u00e9pit des diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9fis en termes de\npr\u00e9vention COVID 19 et des pr\u00e9occupations\nli\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le Tchad a n\u00e9anmoins\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement maintenu une politique de porte\nouverte envers les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement\narriv\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nLes d\u00e9placements de populations\nrepr\u00e9sentent une probl\u00e9matique\nessentielle au Sud, principalement en\nraison de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 croissante dans la\nR\u00e9publique Centrafricaine voisine.\n\n\nLes six derniers mois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que de retourn\u00e9s\ntchadiens en provenance de la RCA : \u00e0 la fin du\nmois de d\u00e9cembre 2020 et en janvier 2021, la\nprovince du Logone Oriental avait accueilli des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fuyant les affrontements entre groupes\narm\u00e9s sur le territoire centrafricain. Le HCR et la\nCommission Nationale d\u2019accueil de R\u00e9insertion\n\n\n\ndes R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (CNARR) en avaient enregistr\u00e9 4\n858 au 20 janvier 2021. A la mise \u00e0 jour du 25\nmai 2021, un total de 18 710 personnes avait\n\u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es par le HCR et la CNARR. Parmi ces personnes, 4 873 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9es au\ncamp de Doholo et 1 004 au camp de Gondj\u00e9.\n\n\nA partir du mois d\u2019avril 2021, les offensives\nlanc\u00e9es par les Forces Arm\u00e9es Centrafricaines\n(FACA) et leurs alli\u00e9s contre les rebelles de\nla Coalition pour le changement (CPC) ont\nentra\u00een\u00e9 de nouvelles vagues de d\u00e9placement\nvers le Tchad. Au 30 mai 2021, 6 457 nouveaux\nretourn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 Sido. A ce\n\n\n\nchiffre, s\u2019ajoutent 709 personnes identifi\u00e9es\ndans la province du Mandoul en mai 2021 et\n5 042 personnes identifi\u00e9es entre juin et juillet\n2021, soit un total de 12 208 personnes.\n\n\nLes provinces du Moyen Chari (\u00e0 Sido) et du\nMandoul ont cette fois accueilli les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nmais aussi des retourn\u00e9s tchadiens de la\nRCA. L\u2019Organisation internationale pour les\nmigrations (OIM) y a enregistr\u00e9 6 457 nouveaux\nretourn\u00e9s tchadiens au 30 mai 2021, rest\u00e9s\ntemporairement pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re \u00e0 Sido, en\nattendant le retour au calme.\n\n\nLe 30 mai 2021, de nouveaux affrontements ont\noppos\u00e9 les FACA \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale tchadienne\n(ANT) au poste avanc\u00e9 de Sourou, dans le\nd\u00e9partement des Monts de Lam (province du\nLogone Oriental), entra\u00eenant le d\u00e9placement de\nplus de 5 000 personnes des villages frontaliers\nvers les villes de Bitoye et Mbaibokoum.\nLa voie diplomatique privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e par les deux\npays a permis \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 de ces populations\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es de regagner leurs villages.\n\n\nAu cours des visites d\u2019\u00e9valuation, le HCR a\nappris qu\u2019environ 1 600 personnes qui habitent\nla fronti\u00e8re sont encore en d\u00e9placement,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **D\u00e9fis**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement arriv\u00e9s de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine re\u00e7oivent une aide alimentaire d'urgence.\nPhoto cr\u00e9dit : PAM/Ngarbaye Nadjiadjim\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Nouveaux besoins d\u00e9clench\u00e9s** **par les r\u00e9cents d\u00e9placements**\n\n\n### **Chiffres cl\u00e9s**\n\n###### **113 709 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n\n**dont 22 433**\n**nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n**(depuis janvier 2021)**\n\n###### **89 858 retourn\u00e9s**\n\n**dont 12 208**\n**nouveaux r\u00e9tourn\u00e9s**\n**(depuis avril 2021)**\n\n\n**Education**\n\nBeaucoup d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves sont rest\u00e9s \u00e0 la maison en\nraison de la fermeture des salles de classes\noccup\u00e9es par les retourn\u00e9s. Il est \u00e9galement\n\u00e0 signaler le manque de services d\u2019\u00e9ducation\nad\u00e9quats pour les enfants nouvellement arriv\u00e9s\ndans la zone. Alors qu\u2019il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des efforts\nen cours pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions\nd\u2019apprentissage et aussi des infrastructures\nscolaires primaires et secondaires au Sud,\nles capacit\u00e9s des infrastructures scolaires\nexistantes au niveau des villages abritant\nles sites de retourn\u00e9s et les camps de\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 largement d\u00e9pass\u00e9es avec\ncette demande additionnelle de nouveaux\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s. Notamment, le nombre\nd\u2019inscriptions \u00e0 la maternelle a doubl\u00e9 dans\nles deux camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s o\u00f9 la grande\nmajorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 h\u00e9berg\u00e9s. M\u00eame\nsi l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation est garanti \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de\n8.000 enfants, y compris r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et membres\nde la communaut\u00e9 d\u2019accueil \u00e0 travers des\nfonds du projet Education Cannot Wait (ECW),\ndes ressources humaines suppl\u00e9mentaires\nd\u2019encadrement et des fournitures scolaires sont\nn\u00e9cessaires pour atteindre une norme minimale\nafin d\u2019assurer une r\u00e9ponse \u00e9ducative ad\u00e9quate\n\u00e0 ces nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e8ves.\n\n\n\n**Nourriture/S\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire**\n\nL\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains et de\nretourn\u00e9s tchadiens install\u00e9s dans des camps\net des sites de retourn\u00e9s a eu un impact sur les\nmoyens de subsistance des m\u00e9nages, alors\nque les ressources naturelles (notamment\nles terres cultivables, les points d\u2019eau, etc.)\ns\u2019\u00e9puisent plus rapidement qu\u2019auparavant et\ndeviennent insuffisantes pour la population\ncroissante. Outre ces facteurs susmentionn\u00e9s,\nla r\u00e9duction de l\u2019aide humanitaire a s\u00e9rieusement\naffect\u00e9 la disponibilit\u00e9 de nourriture pour les\nretourn\u00e9s, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les populations h\u00f4tes.\nL\u2019absence d\u2019appui en moyens de subsistance et\nde strat\u00e9gies d\u2019att\u00e9nuation face \u00e0 la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration\nde l\u2019environnement font \u00e9merger des probl\u00e8mes\nde protection li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation des maigres\nressources existantes dans les zones d\u2019accueil.\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n\nDe fortes vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es parmi\nles retourn\u00e9s et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Parmi les retourn\u00e9s,\n38% sont des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, 15% sont des\nveuves, 25% sont des femmes allaitantes.\nDans 74% des m\u00e9nages des retourn\u00e9s, seul un\nparent est pr\u00e9sent avec le reste de la famille\ndans les lieux d\u2019accueil, la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9tant des\nfemmes. Parmi les 22 433 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 63% sont\ndes enfants. On compte 583 enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s,\n56 enfants non accompagn\u00e9s, 2 848 femmes \u00e0\nrisque et 392 personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es qui n\u00e9cessitent\nune protection et assistance particuli\u00e8re.\n\n\nLe nombre important d\u2019enfants \u00e0 risque souligne\nla n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prioriser le soutien aux syst\u00e8mes\nnationaux de protection de l\u2019enfance, y compris\nla d\u00e9livrance de documents personnels et la\npromotion d\u2019options d\u2019\u00e9ducation pertinentes. La\npr\u00e9sence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s parmi les nouveaux\narrivants de RCA est un d\u00e9fi majeur en mati\u00e8re\nde protection : ils doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9sarm\u00e9s pour\ngarantir le maintien de la nature civile de l\u2019asile.\n\n\nDes survivants de violences bas\u00e9es sur le\ngenre (VBG), des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non\naccompagn\u00e9s, des personnes ayant des\nbesoins sp\u00e9cifiques ont par ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s\net identifi\u00e9s. En outre, les conditions ne sont pas\nencore en place pour faciliter ou promouvoir le\nrapatriement dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la dignit\u00e9 vers\nla RCA en raison du conflit toujours en cours.\n\n\n\n**En avril 2021, la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire**\n**au Tchad, y compris le Syst\u00e8me des**\n**Nations Unies, les Organisations Non-**\n**Gouvernementales (ONG) nationales et**\n**internationales, ont men\u00e9 une mission rapide**\n**conjointe \u00e0 Sido pour \u00e9valuer la situation**\n**humanitaire dans le sud du Tchad.**\n\n\nGlobalement, les besoins sont critiques dans\ntous les secteurs (abris, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire,\nhygi\u00e8ne, eau et assainissement, sant\u00e9, nutrition,\nprotection et \u00e9ducation) compte tenu des faibles\nindicateurs de d\u00e9veloppement humain dans la\nzone (en ce qui concerne l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services\nsociaux) et l\u2019impact socio-\u00e9conomique accru\n\u00e0 cause de la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. Ainsi, le\nsous-financement de la r\u00e9ponse humanitaire\nau Sud limite consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 de\nla communaut\u00e9 humanitaire \u00e0 agir rapidement.\n\n\nLa mission a identifi\u00e9 les principaux besoins\nsuivants :\n\n\n\n**Abris**\n\n12 208 retourn\u00e9s Tchadiens sont r\u00e9cemment\nrepartis dans des sites spontan\u00e9s sans abris\nad\u00e9quats vue la saison pluvieuse en cours, et\ndans des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil dans les\nsous-pr\u00e9fectures de Sido, Maro et Djeke-Djeke\n(Moyen-Chari) et dans celles de Bekourou et\nDembo (Mandoul). Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de la saison\ndes pluies, on craint que la promiscuit\u00e9 et les\nvuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s sanitaires et de protection ne\ns\u2019aggravent. Les 22 433 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains\nnouvellement arriv\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s soit dans\ndes abris familiaux d\u2019urgence pour ceux de\nGor\u00e9, soit dans des hangars communautaires\npour ceux de Maro et prochainement ceux de\nMoissala. Les abris et hangars sont constitu\u00e9s\nd\u2019ossatures en bois et d\u2019une couverture en\nb\u00e2ches ; leur dur\u00e9e est de six mois. Ces abris\noffrent temporairement une protection et\nune s\u00e9curit\u00e9 relatives face aux intemp\u00e9ries,\nparticuli\u00e8rement en cette saison pluvieuse\ndans les r\u00e9gions du Sud. Il y a donc n\u00e9cessit\u00e9\nde leur construire 6 624 abris familiaux semidurables pour leur assurer une meilleure\nprotection physique et sanitaire.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **R\u00c9PONSE** **HUMANITAIRE**\n\n\n\n**Assistance alimentaire**\n\n\nLa situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle dans\nle Moyen Chari est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupante : 70.395\npersonnes se retrouveraient en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re en p\u00e9riode de soudure,\ndont plus de 13 000 personnes dans la Grande\nSido, selon les derni\u00e8res analyses du Cadre\nHarmonis\u00e9 de mars 2021. Cette situation\nse d\u00e9graderait d\u2019autant plus par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des\nnouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s de RCA. Ainsi,\nles besoins prioritaires et fondamentaux\nsont l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nourriture et l\u2019appui \u00e0 la\nreconstitution des sources de revenus et des\nmoyens de production. Pour ce faire, les actions\n\u00e0 mener comprennent le soutien aux activit\u00e9s\nagricoles et commerciales ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9levage\nde petits ruminants et de volailles.\n\n\nLe PAM r\u00e9pond aux besoins critiques dans le\nsud du Tchad, en fournissant une assistance\nalimentaire et nutritionnelle aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nnouvellement arriv\u00e9s et aux retourn\u00e9s. Le\nPAM les accompagne \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e avec des\nbiscuits \u00e0 haute valeur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et enrichis\nen micronutriments, contribuant \u00e0 pr\u00e9server\nleur \u00e9tat nutritionnel pendant leurs premiers\n\n\n\njours de d\u00e9placement. Lors de l\u2019enregistrement\npar le HCR, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s re\u00e7oivent des rations\nalimentaires couvrant leurs besoins pendant\nun mois et sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le programme\nr\u00e9gulier que le PAM a mis en place dans le sud\ndu Tchad. Le PAM cherche \u00e9galement \u00e0 aider les\nfamilles \u00e0 devenir progressivement autonomes,\nafin qu\u2019elles ne d\u00e9pendent plus de l\u2019aide\nalimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019avenir. Une strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9ponse\n\u00e0 l\u2019urgence doit \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e, concomitamment\navec les appuis aux moyens de subsistance,\npour pr\u00e9server et am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s\nproductives des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des retourn\u00e9s et des\npopulations h\u00f4tes. Des actions autour de la\npromotion de l\u2019entreprenariat (des jeunes et des\nfemmes), de l\u2019agriculture-\u00e9levage et de l\u2019\u00e9nergie\nsont n\u00e9cessaires. Ceci doit se faire dans le\ncadre de la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019impact \u00e0 court terme,\nmoyen terme et long terme.\n\n\n**Suivi mobilit\u00e9 et d\u00e9placements**\n\n\nLe suivi et la cartographie des mobilit\u00e9s sont\nessentiels et permettront une hi\u00e9rarchisation\nplus pr\u00e9cise des personnes vuln\u00e9rables et\nde leurs situations g\u00e9ographiques pour des\ninterventions cibl\u00e9es.\n\n\n\n**Une** **r\u00e9ponse** **globale** **humanitaire-**\n**d\u00e9veloppement est n\u00e9cessaire pour faire**\n**face \u00e0 l\u2019urgence et r\u00e9soudre progressivement**\n**et durablement la situation de d\u00e9placement**\n**dans le sud du Tchad. La strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9ponse**\n**pourrait \u00eatre mixte, \u00e0 travers des assistances**\n**en nature et l\u2019utilisation de la modalit\u00e9 de**\n**transfert mon\u00e9taire si cela s\u2019av\u00e9rait, apr\u00e8s**\n**les \u00e9tudes de conformit\u00e9 dans ce domaine.**\n\n\n**Abris**\n\n\nPlus de 12 208 retourn\u00e9s tchadiens (2.455\nmenages) nouvellement arriv\u00e9s vivent\nactuellement dans des conditions de logement\npr\u00e9caires et sont expos\u00e9s aux intemp\u00e9ries et\n\u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Pour les prot\u00e9ger, 1 300 abris\nd\u2019urgence sont n\u00e9cessaires, leur offrant une\nmeilleure protection et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les 22 433\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains nouvellement arriv\u00e9s\ndans les villages h\u00f4tes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront d\u2019abris\nd\u2019urgence dans les camps et sites des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\nexistants pour am\u00e9liorer leurs conditions de\nvie. Puis, 6 624 abris semi-durables seront\nconstruits dans les nouveaux sites de\nDoholo, Gonje, Belom, Yaroungou, Dembo,\nGon, pour remplacer les abris d\u2019urgence. De\nnouvelles constructions et des r\u00e9habilitations\ncommunautaires permettront de garantir les\nconditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s ou d\u2019utilisation en toute\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9.\n\n\n**Eau, hygi\u00e8ne, et assainissement**\n\nLes nouveaux retourn\u00e9s et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vivent\ndans des conditions insalubres propices \u00e0\nla propagation de maladies chroniques. Il\nest vital que les latrines et les forages soient\nconstruits conform\u00e9ment aux normes Sphere\npour d\u00e9sengorger les espaces communs\nexistants et offrir une protection, une intimit\u00e9 et\nune dignit\u00e9 ad\u00e9quate \u00e0 ceux qui en ont le plus\nbesoin, notamment les femmes et les enfants.\n\n\n\nDes forages suppl\u00e9mentaires seront construits\net r\u00e9habilit\u00e9s dans les villages h\u00f4tes et\n\u00e9galement dans les villages ayant accueilli les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re.\n\n\nLes activit\u00e9s suivantes seront mises en place : la\nredynamisation de certains comit\u00e9s de gestion\ndes points d\u2019eau dans les villages d\u2019installation\ndes nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s, la formation\ndes artisans r\u00e9parateurs villageois et la mise\nen \u0153uvre de l\u2019approche ATPC (assainissement\ntotal pilot\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9), la construction\ndes latrines et douches communautaires,\nla mise en \u0153uvre des campagnes de\nsensibilisation pour la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne\nenvironnementale, la promotion de l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne en\nmilieu scolaire et l\u2019acc\u00e8s EHA dans les \u00e9coles,\nla construction de latrines communautaires et\nde lave-mains dans les \u00e9coles et les centres\nde sant\u00e9 en tenant compte de l\u2019approche AGD\n(\u00e2ge, genre et diversit\u00e9), l\u2019installation de bacs \u00e0\nordures, la mise en place et formation d\u2019agents\ncommunautaires de promotion d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne,\nla r\u00e9alisation des activit\u00e9s de sensibilisation\naupr\u00e8s des communaut\u00e9s sur la pr\u00e9vention\ndu chol\u00e9ra et d\u2019autres maladies, l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne\nalimentaire et d\u2019autres pratiques d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne.\n\n\n**Gestion de sites**\n\nUne gestion efficace des sites de d\u00e9placement\nest essentielle pour garantir aux populations un\nniveau appropri\u00e9 d\u2019assistance et de protection.\nDes superviseurs de sites seront d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s\ndans les sites du Moyen-Chari en coordination\navec les autorit\u00e9s locales et provinciales pour\npromouvoir une gestion participative des sites\net recueillir les retours des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires sur la\nqualit\u00e9 de l\u2019assistance offerte. La formation\ndes nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et retourn\u00e9s et leur\ninsertion dans les comit\u00e9s de gestion des sites\net camps sera essentielle \u00e0 leur int\u00e9gration\ndans la communaut\u00e9.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **SOUS-FINANCEMENT**\n\n\n\n36 506 personnes ont besoin d\u2019assistance\nparmi lesquelles 23 506 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et 13 000\nretourn\u00e9s. 19 523 208 $ US sont requis pour\nfournir une assistance pendant six mois (sur\nle besoin global de 20 047 748 $ US, la capacit\u00e9\ndisponible \u00e9tant de 524 540 $ US).\n\nAbris/AME : Fournir une aide d\u2019urgence \u00e0 33.506\npersonnes pour couvrir le besoins d\u2019abris et\nd\u2019articles m\u00e9nagers essentiels.\n\n\nEau, hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement : Assurer l\u2019acc\u00e8s\n\u00e0 l\u2019eau \u00e0 26 506 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Assurer\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement et la sensibilisation \u00e0\nla promotion d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et des mesures barri\u00e8res\ncontre la COVID-19 \u00e0 26 506 personnes.\n\nSant\u00e9/Nutrition : Assurer la prise en charge\nm\u00e9dicale et nutritionnelle des enfants et des\nfemmes enceintes et allaitantes affect\u00e9s par\nla malnutrition aig\u00fce s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Assurer la prise\nen charge de 23 506 personnes \u00e0 travers\nl\u2019approvisionnement des m\u00e9dicaments,\nla vaccination et l\u2019appui au personnel\nsoignant.\n\n\nBesoins financiers par secteur *\n\n\n\nProtection : Fournir une assistance rapide et\ncoordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 2 500 enfants vulnerables en\nsituation d\u2019urgence. Documenter et apporter\nun soutien adapt\u00e9 aux enfants \u00e0 risque, en\nparticulier les enfants non accompagn\u00e9s, les\nenfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s, y compris les enfants vivant\navec un handicap.\n\nEducation :Assurer la scolarit\u00e9 de 11 000 enfants\n\u00e0 travers la constuction de salles de classe, la\ndotation de fournitures scolaires, et la formation\net prise en charge de 165 enseignants.\n\n\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire : Fournir une assistance\nalimentaire d\u2019urgence \u00e0 36 506 personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Reconstituer les moyens\nd\u2019existence de 2 600 m\u00e9nages en situation de\nd\u00e9placement.\n\nZones de focus: Grande Sido, Barh Sara, Nya\nPend\u00e9\n\nPartenaires op\u00e9rationnels : HCR, OIM, PAM,\nUNICEF, OMS, FAO, CARE, ACF, SOLIDATITES,\nCARITAS SUISSE, SECADEV, VORLD VISION.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Secteurs|Besoins en USD|Disponibles en
USD|Gaps en USD|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Abris/AME|11 023 358|0|11 023 358|\n|WASH|1 716 514|313 612|1 402 902|\n|Sant\u00e9|1 605 836|120 000|1 485 836|\n|Protection enfant|63 865|0|63 865|\n|Education|722 290|90 928|631 362|\n|Nutrition|151 915|0|151 915|\n|Securit\u00e9 alimentaire|4 763 970|0|4 763 970|\n|**Total**|**20 047 748**|**524 540**|**19 523 208**|\n\n\n\n- Ces besoins prennent en compte les derni\u00e8res mises \u00e0 jour r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt.\n\n\n\nPOUR PLUS D\u2019INFORMATIONS, VEUILLEZ CONTACTER :\n\nOCHA Tchad : ocha-chad@un.org\n\n\nMerci \u00e0 tous les partenaires qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de cette note, en particulier\nl\u2019OIM, le PAM, le HCR, et le SPONGAH.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a40b7160-1082-34cc-9bd4-3db2401adf83/tcd_advo_crise_du_sud_v3_spread.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_94/raw/doc_94_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_94/raw/doc_94_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 281e477e1d2b6fa8ad488798d6e4febf6af410e7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_94/raw/doc_94_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue Distr. General\non Protection Challenges 25 November 2013\n_Protecting the Internally Displaced:_ Original: English\n_Persisting Challenges and Fresh Thinking_ English and French only\n\n\n**BACKGROUND DOCUMENT**\n\n**I. Introduction**\n\n\nThis year\u2019s Dialogue will explore ways to better address the situation of internally displaced persons\n(IDPs) and reaffirm the international community\u2019s commitment to doing so. It has the following broad\nobjectives:\n\n - Place the protection of IDPs higher on national, regional and international agendas;\n\n\n - Analyze the challenges these populations face and measures that can be put in place to guarantee\ntheir equal rights;\n\n\n - Give recognition to States that have addressed their IDP situations, demonstrating the positive\nimpact this can have on societies, and encourage others to do so;\n\n\n - Spur initiatives to resolve IDP situations, especially protracted ones, through a solutions-oriented\napproach that is community-based, human-rights centred, and buttressed by development\ninterventions; and\n\n\n - Reinvigorate partnerships with States and other actors to improve IDP protection.\n\n\nThis paper identifies some of the key challenges to protecting IDPs and lessons learned, and sets out\nquestions to guide discussion in the four breakout sessions.\n\n\n**II. Background**\n\n\nIDP numbers worldwide are at a record high. According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre\n(IDMC), at the beginning of 2013, there were a staggering 28.8 million persons around the world who\nwere displaced internally due to conflict and violence. [1] Around 6.5 million of them were newly displaced,\nnearly double the figure from the previous year. Some 17.7 million IDPs were receiving protection and\nassistance from UNHCR. Although we are witnessing a few positive trends regarding IDP returns,\nongoing conflict in a number of countries, including the Central African Republic, the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo, Mali and the Syrian Arab Republic, is expected to result in an even higher yearend IDP figure for 2013. Cyclical or protracted situations are a devastating reality for millions of IDPs\naround the world. Of some 50 countries with IDP situations, 15 are considered protracted. [2] It is also\nworth noting that, in addition to the 28.8 million persons displaced by conflict, an estimated\n32.4 million people were newly displaced by sudden-onset natural disasters. [3]\n\n\n1 IDMC, Global Overview 2012: People internally displaced by conflict and violence, 29 April 2013\nhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/publications/global-overview-2012\n2 _Ibid.,_ p.16\n3 As the bulk of UNHCR\u2019s work with IDPs is in conflict situations, this discussion paper focuses on such contexts.\nStatistics and further information about IDPs as a result of natural disasters can be found here: IDMC, Global\nEstimates 2012 (2013) http://www.internal-displacement.org/natural-disasters\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The _Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement_ [4] have come to represent the international normative\nstandard for efforts to address internal displacement. Their importance has been highlighted by a number\nof international bodies, including by the United Nations General Assembly. At the United Nations World\nSummit in 2005, government leaders unanimously recognized the Guiding Principles as an \u201cimportant\ninternational framework for the protection of internally displaced persons.\u201d The General Assembly and\nthe United Nations Human Rights Council have repeatedly reaffirmed this. [5] The Principles have been\nfurthermore recognized by regional bodies, such as the Council of Europe, the Organization of American\nStates and the African Union. In Africa, the Great Lakes IDP Protocol requires their domestication, and\nthe African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa\n(Kampala Convention) builds on the Principles. [6]\n\nProtection must take as a starting point that IDPs are \u2018rights-holders.\u2019 It must promote full and equal\nrespect for the human rights of all individuals, without discrimination of any kind, and recognize the\ndiverse needs, strengths and vulnerabilities of the individual through an age, gender and diversity\napproach. Protection is grounded in the international bill of human rights, which includes the _Universal_\n_Declaration of Human Rights_, [7] the _International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights_ _[8]_ and the\n_International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights_ . [9] Whereas refugee protection is\n_international protection,_ IDP protection _is primarily about supporting national protection_ . In case of\ninternal displacement, while governments are bound to protect the rights of their citizens and habitual\nresidents, the international community is called upon to support them in these efforts.\n\nRecognizing gaps in the international community\u2019s response to this population, in 2005 the United\nNations began far-reaching reforms to improve coordination and predictability in IDP situations. [10] An\ninstitutional, inter-agency mechanism known as the \u201ccluster\u201d approach was introduced to help fill these\ngaps. A cluster focusing on protection was established to ensure that protection would be a core\ncomponent and cross-cutting element of any response to IDP situations. UNHCR was tasked with\nleading this cluster at the global level. In parallel to these efforts, many States have made substantial\nprogress in setting in place IDP-specific policies and legislation.\n\nInternal displacement does not, however, fall entirely within the humanitarian and protection domains. It\nis also linked to development and peace-building. Addressing the situation of IDPs is essential to making\ndividends in these areas.\n\n**III. Breakout sessions**\n\n\nAgainst this backdrop, the breakout sessions will address the following four areas:\n\n\n1. Protecting IDPs in emergencies, notably in out-of-camp and urban settings\n\n\n2. Promoting durable solutions: Restoring peace and rights for IDPs\n\n\n3. Enacting legal instruments and policies to protect IDPs: Experiences and lessons\n\n\n4. Strengthening partnerships and capacity: How can we all do better?\n\n\n4Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IDPersons/Pages/Standards.aspx\n5 See, e.g., UNGA A/RES/66/165, para. 12 (2012); A/HRC/RES/23/8 (2013), para. 12\n6 Kampala Convention:http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/african_union_convention_for_the_protection_\nand_assistance_of_internally_displaced_persons_in_africa_(kampala_convention). pdf\n7 UN General Assembly, _Universal Declaration of Human Rights,_ 10 December 1948, Resolution 217 A (III)\n8 UN General Assembly, _International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights_, 16 December 1966, Resolution\n2200A (XXI)\n9 UN General Assembly, _International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights_, 16 December 1966,\nResolution 2200A (XXI)\n10 UN General Assembly, _In larger freedom : towards development, security and human rights for all : report of the_\n_Secretary-General_, 21 March 2005, A/59/2005, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bbfa0.html\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Under the guidance of co-chairs, the breakout sessions will offer an opportunity to deepen the analysis\nand generate fresh thinking and forward-looking recommendations. UNHCR has invited a number of\ngovernment, NGO, UN, academic, legal and local experts to open each session with remarks, in order to\nhelp frame the discussions. During the deliberations, all participants are encouraged to bear in mind the\npurely humanitarian and non-political nature of the High Commissioner\u2019s mandate and work, and the\noperational focus of the Dialogue.\n\nThe following sections expand upon the themes of the Dialogue and set out some key questions that\nparticipants may wish to explore. Relevant resources are listed under each and may also be found on the\nDialogue\u2019s website at http://www.unhcr.org/hc-dialogue.\n\n\n**Session 1. Protection of IDPs in emergencies, notably in out-of-camp and urban settings**\n\n\nThe High Commissioner\u2019s 2009 Dialogue on Protection Challenges focused on urban refugees, but called\nfor specific policy approaches towards IDPs in urban areas and outside of camps. This year\u2019s Dialogue\noffers an opportunity for follow up. Given the evolution of the inter-agency response to IDP situations,\nUNHCR is developing a specific policy on IDPs and will draw upon this year\u2019s Dialogue to inform it.\n\nBeyond generating high security risks and impeding access to populations, armed hostilities in urban\nareas produce more civilian deaths and injuries as well as destruction of property, due to population\ndensity, resulting in high numbers of IDPs. Violent conflict in Somalia and, more recently, in the Syrian\nArab Republic has had a particularly devastating impact on cities, causing massive internal displacement\nin addition to movements across borders. Emergency interventions can address the most acute needs, but\nthe social and economic costs of displacement linger well beyond the emergency phase and, if not tackled\nsystematically, can have an impact on the durability of available solutions. A holistic vision of the rights\nof IDPs calls for a solutions orientation from the very beginning of any emergency response and\nthroughout displacement.\n\nAt least half of the countries with IDPs have few or no formal camps or collective centres for those\ndisplaced by conflict and violence. Camps can offer immediate access to assistance in times of\nemergency and may become necessary for safety reasons in certain situations. In the longer term,\nhowever, they may encourage development of parallel services, breed marginalization and disempower\nlocal authorities.\n\nLiving with host families or in private or makeshift lodging in a host community is the norm for the vast\nmajority of IDPs, both in cities and rural areas. Host communities, therefore, play a critical role in\nassisting the internally displaced. Often times, they are the first responders, offering their homes to the\ndisplaced and enabling them to benefit from community-based protection mechanisms, local services and\nlivelihood opportunities. However, this can drain local resources and may prompt hostility if the IDP\npopulation is singled out for support. More needs to be done to ensure outreach to both out-of-camp IDPs\nand the communities that host them.\n\nFor many IDPs, urban areas promise greater security as people seek safety in numbers and anonymity,\nalong with better economic opportunities in the informal economy. At the same time, living in urban\nareas also brings with it exposure to a variety of criminal elements and a daily struggle to meet basic\nneeds and access services. Urban violence and criminality is emerging as a new cause of displacement in\nsuch areas.\n\nWhile much work has been done in recent years to better understand the situation of urban refugees in\ncities, less information is available about IDPs in such environments. Relatively little programming is\ndesigned to address the specific needs of IDPs that stem directly from their displacement. Furthermore,\ncities are complex operational contexts in which to deliver protection and assistance. For example,\nidentification of IDPs is a challenge, especially where their most visible needs are similar to those of the\nurban poor. Although there has been much progress in developing urban-based profiling methodologies,\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "urban-based profiling methodologies", - "confidence": 0.6826035380363464, - "start": 730, - "end": 733 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "cities", - "confidence": 0.6876853704452515, - "start": 651, - "end": 652 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6796848177909851, - "start": 658, - "end": 659 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "more analysis is needed to determine the particular needs, vulnerabilities and strengths of IDPs in relation\nto their host communities. There are circumstances where IDPs prefer to blend in with the urban poor\nrather than to identify themselves as IDPs. Therefore, inclusive community or area-based protection\ninterventions are seen to be more appropriate and effective than interventions exclusively focusing on\nIDPs.\n\nGovernment institutions are also severely impacted by conflict, affecting their capacity to set in place a\nprotection response for the displaced. Authorities in villages, cities and towns play the role of first\nresponders, but local capacities are often soon overstretched. National emergency budgetary provisions\noften fail to provide the necessary additional funds to local authorities to permit them to address an influx\nof IDPs. Civil society, especially local faith-based leaders or communities, is also an important source of\nsupport in responding to situations of internal displacement.\n\nParticularly challenging are situations in which the roles and responsibilities of national and local\nauthorities vis-\u00e0-vis the displaced are unclear. A diversity of interlocutors and unclear decision-making\ncan significantly slow down the emergency response for IDPs. Power mapping and stakeholder mapping\ntechniques are helpful tools to better understand the local context.\n\n**Questions for consideration:**\n\n\n_On protection of IDPs in emergencies:_\n\n1. How can international interventions be more supportive of the national response effort, including\non solutions?\n\n\n2. How can protection be better mainstreamed throughout all interventions and services provided to\nIDPs, particularly at the outset of an emergency?\n\n\n3. How can an age, gender and diversity approach be ensured from the outset?\n\n\n4. What successful, innovative practices have yielded protection outcomes for the most vulnerable\nIDPs?\n\n\n5. How can the needs of marginalized groups (which, depending on the situation, can include\nindigenous populations, ethnic minorities and stateless people) be better addressed?\n\n_On IDPs outside camps and in urban areas:_\n\n1. To what extent is UNHCR\u2019s policy approach to urban refugees also applicable to urban IDPs?\n\n\n2. How can the identification of IDPs outside of camps and in urban environments be improved?\n\n\n3. How can services to IDPs be improved in out-of-camp settings?\n\n\n4. How can action to meet displacement-specific protection needs, for example those of women and\ngirls, be combined with a community and area-based protection approach?\n\n\n**Relevant tools and guidance:**\n\n\nGlobal Protection Cluster, Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, June 2010:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/news_and_publications/\nIDP_Handbook_EN.pdf\n\n\nThe Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, 2011\n(rev.)\n\n\nhttp://www.sphereproject.org/handbook\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The Brookings Institution \u2013 London School of Economics Project on Internal Displacement, From\nResponsibility to Response: Assessing National Approaches to Internal Displacement:\n\n\nhttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2011/12/05%20responsibility%20response/\nfrom%20responsibility%20to%20response%20nov%202011doc.pdf\n\nJoint IDP Profiling Service:\n\n\nwww.jips.org\n\n\nCamp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster, _Camp Management Toolkit_ :\n\n\nhttp://www.globalcccmcluster.org/system/files/publications/9295458.pdf\n\n\nGlobal Protection Cluster, Placing Protection at the Centre of Humanitarian Action: Study on Protection\nFunding in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies, 17 September 2013:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/news_and_publications/\nGPC_funding_study_online_EN.pdf\n\n**Session 2. Promoting durable solutions: restoring peace and rights for IDPs**\n\n\nA humanitarian exit strategy cannot be equated with the achievement of solutions. The absence of\ndevelopment investments increases the risk of IDPs being displaced a second or even a third time (e.g.\ndue to forced eviction, lack of funds for housing, or insecurity), or their settling in fragile communities\nand conditions (e.g. urban slums). Effective development programming can contribute to the protection\nof IDPs and to addressing the root causes of conflict. Sustained engagement and advocacy are needed so\nthat protection is not \u2018lost in the transition.\u2019\n\nThe resolution of internal displacement is an incremental and complex process. The return or local\nsettlement of IDPs does not resolve the needs of the population and does not, necessarily, indicate that the\nroot causes of displacement have been addressed. A further deterioration of the situation can be avoided\nwith considerable political will, institutional capacity and international support. Unfortunately, however,\nthese elements are not always in place and a deterioration of the situation over time is often a reality. The\nmain impediment to the attainment of solutions for IDPs is often the absence of willingness or capacity to\naddress the root causes. The resolution of internal displacement, especially where such displacement is\nmassive, needs to be a key component of any peace process.\n\nAs citizens or habitual residents of the countries in which they are displaced, IDPs may find a durable\nsolution by returning and reintegrating, integrating locally in their areas of displacement or settling\nelsewhere in the country. The development of solutions, however, must be tailored to the needs of the\npopulation concerned. For many IDPs with a pastoral or otherwise nomadic background, for example,\nsettlement options may not provide for a durable solution. Return to their former lifestyle and habitual\nliving space, rather than settling somewhere within their country, is often their preferred solution. In\nmany countries, IDPs opt to integrate locally in urban areas, often mingling with the urban poor and\nliving with the constant risk of eviction.\n\nThe active involvement of IDPs in decision-making about and planning for durable solutions is the most\ncritical guarantor of sustainability, but so is the will of national and local authorities to enable and\nactively support such involvement.\n\nWhen the displaced are no longer living in settlements and have moved voluntarily or been obliged to\nmove to alternative accommodations - or when there is an official policy to eliminate signs of past\ndisplacement - the support of national authorities is especially key. There is a risk that, with IDPs\nestablishing themselves in urban areas, the needs stemming from their displacement can become less\nvisible and be deemed less pressing. Community-based approaches can address some of these needs.\nHowever, issues such as the loss of property and personal documentation; family separation; trauma and\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "loss of political voice, stemming from displacement, require focused attention. For example, progress\ntowards security of housing tenure and the resolution of land disputes are crucial factors for solutions, as\nare measures to address land grabs and the presence of unexploded ordnance.\n\nThe implementation of short-term political objectives to fulfill peace agreements and the overwhelming\nneeds, often render IDP-specific programming a secondary priority for many governments and\ndevelopment actors. Key to success is recognition by all actors that there can be no lasting peace or\nsustainable development if the needs of IDPs are ignored.\n\nAn essential element of any successful peace process or solutions plan is the involvement of IDPs\nthemselves, as well as the engagement of the communities in which they settle, either upon return or after\nrelocation. Methods for empowering IDPs and community groups to participate meaningfully in\nsolutions planning must be further developed so that their needs and perspectives are taken into account\nfrom the earliest stages.\n\nWhere the arbitrary deprivation of nationality and statelessness are root causes of conflict and forced\ndisplacement, durable solutions will require the restoration of nationality. Oftentimes, required action\nwill include reform of nationality laws or policies as well as streamlining of procedures for confirmation\nof nationality and issuance of identity documentation. UNHCR\u2019s statelessness mandate is relevant in this\ncontext and the Office can provide technical support to States in this area.\n\nThe Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs sets out the\nmain criteria for the achievement of durable solutions as follows:\n\n\n - long-term safety and security, and freedom of movement;\n\n\n - access to subsistence rights and basic services;\n\n\n - access to employment and livelihoods;\n\n\n - restoration of housing, land and property;\n\n\n - access to personal and other documentation;\n\n\n - family reunification;\n\n\n - participatory rights; and\n\n\n - effective remedies and access to justice.\n\n\nAs these criteria make clear, solutions go beyond what humanitarian actors can provide. Displacement\nneeds to be addressed in national development priorities (such as agriculture, infrastructure and\neducation), strategic planning and budgeting. In supporting governments, UNHCR and other\nhumanitarian actors involved in IDP protection and response are often confronted with gaps in\ndevelopmental support, requiring investment in areas such as the construction of housing or schools,\nimprovement of livelihoods, preparation of a national censuses and police training.\n\nAchieving durable solutions remains a challenge for humanitarian, development, human rights and peacebuilding actors. Practical collaboration on solutions for IDPs remains ad hoc and uneven, despite the\nefforts of the inter-agency early recovery cluster. Sustainable partnerships across sectors are therefore\nneeded to create conditions for durable solutions. A human rights perspective can help build bridges\nbetween diverse disciplines and overcome institutional differences. This is the thrust of the SecretaryGeneral\u2019s framework on durable solutions, which establishes priorities and responsibilities for durable\nsolutions and entrusts an explicit role to Resident Coordinators (RCs) and Resident/Humanitarian\nCoordinators (RC/HCs), supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and\nUNHCR, as global cluster lead agencies for early recovery and protection. Support from donors through\nflexible funding arrangements is critical in strengthening such partnerships.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR, as a protection-mandated agency, plays an essential role in supporting durable solutions. While\nappreciating that solutions for IDPs are distinct from those for refugees, in reality, however, solutions for\nthe two groups are often closely intertwined. If IDPs remain without solutions, this can be an indicator of\nwhat refugees will encounter upon return. For example, if IDPs do not return to a certain area owing to\nprevailing insecurity, it is unlikely that refugees\u2019 return in safety and dignity can be ensured. Similarly, if\nIDPs seek to integrate locally in urban areas but face discrimination and regular evictions, the sustainable\nsettlement of returning refugees is unlikely. Care is therefore required to avoid former refugees from\nbecoming IDPs following repatriation to their home country. A comprehensive approach to solutions is\ntherefore needed.\n\n**Questions for consideration:**\n\n\n1. How can humanitarian actors design their interventions and coordination structures so as to be\nsupportive of government and development actor engagement in IDP responses and in solutions\nfrom the earliest stage of an emergency?\n\n\n2. What are the obstacles to IDP participation in national development planning, durable solutions\nand peace processes, and how can participatory approaches be better implemented by all actors?\n\n\n3. What can humanitarian actors and civil society do to encourage national governments,\ninternational development actors and donors to address obstacles to achieving durable solutions\nfor IDPs as national priorities beyond the emergency phase?\n\n\n4. Looking at urban and rural responses to displacement, are there different lessons to be drawn that\nshould influence post-crisis planning and priority setting?\n\n\n5. How can UNHCR and other humanitarian actors phase out their interventions without creating a\nprotection gap for IDPs? What does the role of \u201cprovider of last resort\u201d entail in the context of\ndurable solutions?\n\n\n**Relevant tools and guidance:**\n\n\nGlobal Protection Cluster, Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, June 2010:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/news_and_publications/\nIDP_Handbook_EN.pdf\n\n\nIASC Framework for Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, April 2010:\n\n\nhttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2010/4/durable%20solutions/\n04_durable_solutions.PDF\n\n\nUN Secretary-General\u2019s Decision on the Framework on Ending Displacement in the Aftermath of\nConflict, 4 October 2011:\n\n\nhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CFA06/(httpKeyDocumentsByCategory)/\nD3152FA6C910768EC125799500425ABB/$file/UN%20framework%20ending%\n20displacement.pdf\n\n\n**Session 3: Enacting legal instruments and policies to protect IDPs: experiences and lessons**\n\n\nLegal basis\n\n\nThe _Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement_ provide that IDPs are not only beneficiaries of\nhumanitarian assistance, but also rights-holders. They also state that IDP protection and the development\nof laws and policies on internal displacement are the responsibility of States. The _Guiding Principles_ are\ngrounded in international humanitarian, human rights and criminal law. Regional treaties and standards\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "provide important supplements to the international standards. As mentioned earlier, the essence of the\n_Guiding Principles_ is reflected in IDP instruments, notably the Kampala Convention.\n\nIn situations of armed conflict, international humanitarian law (IHL) will also apply, and IDPs receive the\nsame protections afforded to all civilians. IHL obligations include: prohibition of attacks against civilians\nand their objects; prohibition of forced displacement except where imperative military reasons or the\ncivilians\u2019 own security may require it; and required free, rapid and unimpeded access of relief\nconsignments. In addition, the ICRC has identified a number of rules of customary international law that\nare specifically applicable to displaced populations.\n\nNational instruments\n\nHaving a national instrument on internal displacement provides a common basis from which to address\ndisplacement in a systematic and strategic way, eliminating ad hoc approaches. Such instruments are\nparticularly important in the context of durable solutions. In developing national instruments on internal\ndisplacement, consultative processes help ensure broad buy-in by all stakeholders. For example, Kenya\npassed the Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected\nCommunities Act in 2012, after more than two years of broad-based consultations and policy\ndevelopment to reach a consensus.\n\nAn increasing number of States have developed national instruments on internal displacement or are in\nthe process of doing so. For countries such as Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\nGeorgia, the Philippines and Yemen, developing IDP legislation has become a national priority. For\ncountries party to the 2006 Great Lakes Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to IDPs or to the\nKampala Convention, the development of a law on internal displacement is an obligation. Supporting\nStates in the development of laws and policies in line with these instruments should be a high priority for\nthe international community.\n\nStates, however, often face two main challenges. First, the development of a national IDP policy or law\nis a demanding process, whereas the capacity needed is often limited. The second and bigger challenge\nremains the effective implementation of such national legislation and policy on internal displacement.\n\nUNHCR, in partnership with relevant international organizations, NGOs and the Office of the Special\nRapporteur on the human rights of IDPs, plays a support role in advising States in the development of\ntheir laws and policies on IDPs. UNHCR and other members of national protection clusters are\nparticularly well suited to support this due to their deep field presence and daily contact with displaced\ncommunities.\n\n**Questions for consideration:**\n\n\n1. What are good practices for the adoption and implementation of laws and policies regarding\ninternal displacement?\n\n\n2. Since IDPs are nationals or habitual residents and protected by non-displacement-specific laws\nand policies, at what points in the displacement cycle is an IDP-specific policy most useful?\n\n\n3. How can displaced communities be included in decision-making and priority setting in their areas\nof displacement?\n\n\n4. What role can and should civil society play in the development of IDP policies and laws, so as to\nensure that inclusive responses to displacement are the norm?\n\n\n5. How can IDP policy development and implementation be used to support the prevention of\nfurther displacement?\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Relevant tools and guidance:**\n\n\nGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement, February 1998 (E/CN.41998/53/Add.2):\n\n\nhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IDPersons/Pages/Standards.aspx\n\n\nAfrican Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa\n(Kampala Convention), entered into force 6 December 2012:\n\n\nhttp://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/african_union_convention_for_the_protection_\nand_assistance_of_internally_displaced_persons_in_africa_(kampala_convention).pdf\n\nInternational Conference on the Great Lakes Region, Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to\nInternally Displaced Persons, 30 November 2006:\n\n\nhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/\n29D2872A54561F66C12572FB002BC89A/$file/Final%20protocol%20Protection\n%20IDPs%20-%20En.pdf\n\nIPU/UNHCR Handbook on Internal Displacement: Responsibility and Action, October 2013:\n\n\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/525bee0c9.html\n\nBrookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for\nLaw and Policymakers, October 2008:\n\n\nhttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2008/10/16%20internal%\n20displacement/10_internal_displacement_manual.pdf\n\nIDMC, NRC and Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement, National Instruments on Internal\nDisplacement: A Guide to their Development, 2013:\n\n\nhttp://www.refworld.org/docid/5242d02d4.html\n\n\n**Session 4. Strengthening partnerships and capacity: how can we all do better?**\n\n\nImproving responses to internal displacement calls for a holistic approach, necessitating humanitarian,\ndevelopment, and peace-building actors working closely with national authorities, civil society, and the\ncommunities themselves. There is growing recognition of the need to view displacement not only as a\nhumanitarian challenge, but also as a sustainable development challenge, requiring innovative\npartnerships and creative approaches. The United Nations post-2015 development agenda offers an\nopportunity to ensure that greater attention and resources are dedicated to addressing and resolving IDP\nsituations.\n\nGiven the current number and magnitude of crises, it is expected that the number of internally displaced\npeople worldwide will continue to grow in the coming years, requiring renewed and strengthened\ncoordination to address both new and protracted situations. Coordination is a shared responsibility and\nnecessary for effective responses. Participants in this breakout session are invited to share their views on\nhow the international community can work better together with States and all other actors to improve IDP\nprotection and achieve solutions. This session will also encourage suggestions on how partnerships\namongst a wider array of actors can reinvigorate and further enhance responses to IDP situations.\n\n**Questions for consideration:**\n\n\n1. What can governments do to encourage learning across borders and to ensure that protection is\ncentral to contingency planning and preparedness?\n\n\n2. What can humanitarian actors do to reach beyond the humanitarian community in search for more\nsystematic and effective partnerships?\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3. What can UNHCR do, as the Global Protection Cluster lead agency, to support the undertakings\nof the participating agencies?\n\n\n4. What can NGOs do to facilitate and strengthen partnerships as members of protection clusters?\n\n\n**Relevant tools and guidance:**\n\n\nIASC, _Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen Humanitarian Response,_\n24 November 2006:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/about_us/IASCGN_using_the_Cluster\n_Approach_to_Stengthen_Humanitarian_Response_24NOV2006-EN.pdf\n\nGlobal Humanitarian Platform, _Principles of Partnership: a Statement of Commitment_, 12 July 2007:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/about_us/Principles_of_Partnership-EN.pdf\n\nIASC Transformative Agenda Protocols, December 2012:\n\n\nhttp://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-template-default&bd=87\n\nGlobal Protection Cluster Seminar on _\u201cProtection in Humanitarian Crises: Recommendations to the SG_\n_Working Group on the follow-up to the Sri Lanka IRP Report,\u201d_ 15 March 2013:\n\n\nhttp://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/news_and_publications/\nGPC_Seminar_Summary_Conclusions_Recommendations_EN.pdf\n\nUNHCR, _Guidance Note on Partnership in Advocacy for Protection_, June 2013:\n\n\nhttps://www.icvanetwork.org/node/6315\n\n\nGood Humanitarian Donorship, _Principles and Good Practice of Humanitarian Donorship_,\n17 June 2003:\n\n\nhttp://www.goodhumanitariandonorship.org/Libraries/Ireland_Doc_Manager/EN-23-Principles-andGood-Practice-of-Humanitarian-Donorship.sflb.ashx\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/04335b49-9b4e-389f-a662-04d2e5eae9b2/528f7dd39.pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_940/raw/doc_940_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_940/raw/doc_940_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index d418bf0cf104612eb76b0f7df936d27810a81dbc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_940/raw/doc_940_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,214 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# Report of the High Level Workshop: **The New Way of Working** **to Address Protracted Internal Displacement in Ukraine**\n\n_25 September 2017_\n\n\nKiev, Ukraine\n\n\nBACKROUND\n\n\nMore than 1.6 million people are officially registered by the Ministry of Social Policy (MoSP) as internally\ndisplaced in Ukraine. The vast majority of IDPs have been displaced since April 2014 as a result of the\narmed conflict in the country\u2019s eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk. A smaller number of IDPs\noriginates from Crimea, which was annexed by the Russian Federation in April 2014.\n\n\nIn the absence of any notable progress in the peace process and continuous hostilities, much of the\ndisplacement has become protracted. [1] While the continued conflict in the East is a major cause of\nprotracted internal displacement in Ukraine, other causes include the lack of wider reforms which could\nbenefit IDPs, such as the housing policy clear and on decentralization. There is a lack of legal provisions\nenabling IDPs to access the services they need, and the lack of adjustment of local administrations\u2019\nbudget and programs to reflect IDPs\u2019 arrival. A further impediment to resolving protracted displacement\nis the lack of a comprehensive solutions strategy, as well as the creation of a formal IDP status in\nUkrainian legislation, which is linked to specific social benefits.\n\n\nProtracted internal displacement risks worsening IDPs\u2019 situation, at the time when many already face\nincreasing vulnerability and poverty, while also affecting host communities and the development of the\ncountry as a whole. While some localities have benefited from the arrival of IDPs, particularly in areas\nthat received social and education institutions, and businesses that relocated from non-Government to\nGovernment controlled areas (NGCA to GCA), many areas with large influx of IDPs (Donetska,\nLuhanska, Kharkivska and other oblasts) have experienced additional strains on already limited and\nunderfunded local services. Host locations also observed increase in rental and food prices, and\ndownward pressure on wages and employment opportunities. Displacement has also at times caused\ntension between IDPs and host communities, risking undermining social cohesion. Many registered\nIDPs are elderly people, who rely on meagre Government benefits to survive.\n\n\nAt the national level, protracted displacement could potentially undermine certain policy reforms, such\nas efforts to combat poverty or alleviate the over-burdened and outdated pension system, and more\ngenerally, it could create additional challenges to achieve peace and stability in Ukraine.\n\n\nWORKSHOP GOALS AND ORGANIZATION\n\n\nOn 25 September 2017, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and United\nNations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) organized a High Level workshop on\n\u201cThe New Way of Working to Address Protracted Internal Displacement in Ukraine.\u201d\n\n\n1 According to the OCHA commissioned study, Breaking the Impasse, authored by Walter K\u00e4lin and Hannah Entwisle\nChapuisat in 2017, protracted internal displacement refers to IDPs who are prevented from taking or are unable to take\nsteps for significant periods of time to progressively reduce their vulnerability, impoverishment, and marginalization and\nfind a durable solution. For full report including Ukraine case study, please, see:\nhttps://www.unocha.org/publication/breaking\u2010impasse\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f3b6da7a-f727-3ebf-8b11-e2e56bf9b05d/ukraine_high_level_workshop_on_protracted_displacement_final_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Workshop goals**\n\n\n1. Discuss the findings of the OCHA commissioned study **\u201cBreaking the \u201cImpasse: Reducing**\n**Protracted Internal Displacement as a Collective Outcome\u201d**, both globally and in Ukraine\nspecifically, highlighting the impact of protracted internal displacement on IDPs, host\ncommunities and on the country\u2019s overall development.\n2. Recognize protracted internal displacement as a development and political challenge in\naddition to a humanitarian one, and iIntroduce the **New Way of Working** to address such\ndisplacement.\n3. Introduce the concept of **\u201ccollective outcomes\u201d**, [2] and start launching a process to define and\nachieve such outcomes.\n\n\nThe workshop, moderated by the Head of OCHA in Ukraine, was opened by RC/HC Neal Walker and\nthe Minister for Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs (MToT and IDPs) Vadym Chernysh. Over\nsixty participants attended the workshop, including the Deputy Minister of ToT and IDPs, technical staff\nfrom relevant Ministries and local authorities, UN humanitarian and development agencies, international\nand national NGOs, the World Bank, GIZ, the European International Bank, the European Bank of\nReconstruction and Development, the Council of Europe and donor Governments. Walter K\u00e4lin, a\nrenowned international human rights lawyer and a former Representative of the United Nations\nSecretary General on the Human Rights Situation of IDPs from 2004 to 2010 and co-author of the\n_Breaking the Impasse_ Study, was a lead presenter at the workshop.\n\n\nOCHA and UNHCR worked with the civil society, national and international NGOs, experts from Ukraine\nfocusing on IDP issues and the Ministry for MToT and IDPs to identify the themes to be detailed in\ngroup discussions on collective outcomes to be achieved within three years, i.e. **ensuring fair access**\n**to social and economic rights, ensuring housing, land and property solutions, and ensuring**\n**access to livelihoods and social integration** . Methodological and substantive support for the\nworkshop preparation was also provided by OCHA\u2019s Policy Branch in New York.\n\n\nFollowing the workshop and after the MToT and IDPs shared the draft Strategy on its website, Walter\nK\u00e4lin, OCHA and UNHCR, provided comments to the Government\u2019s Strategy for the \u2018Integration of IDPs\nand Implementation of Long-Term Solutions on Internal Displacement (2018-2020)\u2019. The Strategy was\nadopted by the Government in December 2017.\n\n\nWORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS\n\n\nIn his introduction, the **RC/HC** referred to the commitment made at the World Humanitarian Summit\n(WHS) to address forced displacement and appealed to a sense of urgency to foster the creation of\nsustainable livelihoods for IDPs, as well as social cohesion between IDPs and host communities. He\narticulated some of the challenges to make progress, including the lack of reliable data, considering\nthat the last census dates from 2001, the need to ensure effective coordination between national\nauthorities and the international community, as well as among donors; and the need to make funding\nimpactful in full transparency.\n\n\n**The Minister of ToT and IDPs** welcomed this timely workshop and highlighted the importance of a\nunified approach among donors and UN partners to address internal displacement. He stressed that\nthe national IDP strategy should be used as the basis for a common vision to galvanize Government\u2019s\naction on IDPs, and welcomed the workshop\u2019s recommendations as an important contribution to the\nstrategy. The Deputy Minister called on international organizations to provide additional human\nresources and technical capacity to support the Ministry to fulfil its mandate. In addition to adopting the\n\n\n2 Examples of collective outcomes: Reducing the number of IDPs living in absolute poverty in a defined area (city, province,\nor country) by 50 per cent over a 5\u2010year period; Legalizing 15 irregular settlements with IDP populations and linking them\nto urban services within 2 years (see Breaking the Impasse report).\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "census", - "confidence": 0.9447708129882812, - "start": 533, - "end": 534 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2001", - "confidence": 0.9992369413375854, - "start": 536, - "end": 537 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9645156860351562, - "start": 499, - "end": 500 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f3b6da7a-f727-3ebf-8b11-e2e56bf9b05d/ukraine_high_level_workshop_on_protracted_displacement_final_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "IDP Strategy, the Government is also focusing on supporting the adoption of a new housing code, which\nwould take into account the situation of IDPs.\n\n\n**Professor Walter K\u00e4lin** explained that protracted displacement has resulted in a process of economic\nand social impoverishment for IDPs and their hosts, which also undermines State policies, ultimately\nrisking to jeopardize achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). He added that dealing with\ninternal displacement needs to be higher on the Government agenda and a donor priority. He stressed\nthat we should not wait until IDPs are able to return to start supporting them to rebuild their lives. Some\nmay opt not to return, particularly if their homes have been destroyed, or to return only if specific\nconditions are met. It is important to properly analyse all the causes of protracted displacement in order\nto address them accordingly. Professor K\u00e4lin warned that while the specific vulnerabilities of IDPs\nshould be recognized, creating a legal status for IDPs linked to specific social benefits would complicate\nefforts towards solutions, creating \u201csecond class citizens\u201d as the experience in Colombia and Georgia\nhave shown. He urged for sustained solutions as soon as possible, recognizing IDPs\u2019 capacities and\nnot just their vulnerabilities. While host communities have shown generosity towards IDPs, social\ncohesion will be undermined is not more is done to support both groups. Professor K\u00e4lin added that\naccording to a recent World Bank survey, the economic situation of IDPs in Ukraine is generally worse\nthan the one of host communities, although the latter has deteriorated over the last year. He underlined\nthe importance of a whole-of-government approach to reverse this trend, developing a specific strategy\nidentifying collective outcomes, focusing on impact and results rather than outputs and activities, and\nsupported by the UN Partnership Framework (UNPF, 2018-2022). The UNPF recognizes IDPs as a\nvulnerable group, and it is important to develop the necessary data/indicators to measure progress and\ndevelop specific projects to ensure that IDPs and host communities are not left behind. The MultiPartner Trust Fund (MPTF) managed by UNDP can be a vehicle for action. A multi-year HRP linked to\nthe goals of the UNPF, as has been done for Somalia for example, could enable a strategic outlook and\nmove beyond purely short-term humanitarian approaches.\n\n\nThe **UNHCR Representative in Ukraine** highlighted that the IDPs across Ukraine have largely been\nforgotten. He stressed the importance to shift the focus to solutions, while still paying attention to\nhumanitarian needs along the contact line. He added that according to IOM surveys, only a small\npercentage of IDPs have concrete plans to return home in the near future, and while IDPs should not\nlose their right to return, focus should be on local integration.\n\n\nThe **UNDP Representative in Ukraine** stressed that the Government needed to take leadership to\nsolve protracted internal displacement, with the strong input from IDPs and a vibrant civil society in\nUkraine. IDPs can and have to speak for themselves. He added that the focus should be on a\ncommunity-based approach through decentralized programmes to build livelihoods and social cohesion\nat the local level.\n\n\nA **World Bank Representative** warned that we should not underestimate challenges to provide\nsolutions, as some of the underlying issues to the current crisis, such as corruption and identity, have\nnot been addressed. The Representative stressed the importance to price the different policy options\nto help donors assess the financial support needed. She also highlighted the need for innovative\nfinancing solutions, such as conditioning funding to the Government to the adoption of certain policies,\nor ensuring financial guarantees to private sector investors in the Donbas region. She said that\ndevelopment actors could provide analytical and advisory services on the issue of protracted\ndisplacement, including through IDP/host community focused surveys (on skills, return triggers, service\ndelivery deficits, etc.), playing a key role to inform policy formulation and public response. She added\nthat development organizations\u2019 access to economic policy makers could complement humanitarian\npartners\u2019 relationship to their traditional counterparts. Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment (RPA)\nand the State Targeted Programme (STP) are also relevant to improving the situation of IDPs.\n\n\nA **Representive of the NGO Donbas SOS** deplored that the 1.6 million IDPs are not able to vote in\nlocal elections, as well as the lack of of integration programmes for IDPs, including to secure housing,\naccess education and health, since most local development programmes and budgets do not take IDPs\ninto account. He stressed the importance to adopt draft law #6240 to allow IDPs to vote in local\nelections.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Bank survey", - "confidence": 0.958433210849762, - "start": 259, - "end": 262 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8360742330551147, - "start": 261, - "end": 262 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Professor K\u00e4lin", - "confidence": 0.9608261585235596, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9448516368865967, - "start": 269, - "end": 270 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9709248542785645, - "start": 169, - "end": 170 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IOM surveys", - "confidence": 0.9987215399742126, - "start": 472, - "end": 474 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.7461681962013245, - "start": 516, - "end": 517 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.9969189167022705, - "start": 480, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "IDP/host community focused surveys", - "confidence": 0.9997537732124329, - "start": 699, - "end": 705 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Donbas region", - "confidence": 0.832517683506012, - "start": 676, - "end": 678 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.7041195034980774, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment", - "confidence": 0.992145836353302, - "start": 754, - "end": 758 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "RPA", - "confidence": 0.9796087145805359, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6900957822799683, - "start": 777, - "end": 778 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f3b6da7a-f727-3ebf-8b11-e2e56bf9b05d/ukraine_high_level_workshop_on_protracted_displacement_final_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "A **Representative from the NGO the Right to Protection (R2P)** noted that over the last two years, an\nincreasing number of IDPs have gone to court to have their pensions and social benefits reinstated, or\nto have their lost property compensated. Few people have obtained compensation however, due to the\nlack of legislation and mechanisms in that regard.\n\n\nThe **Head of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) in Ukraine** stressed that the lack of access to\naffordable housing, of livelihood and employment opportunities are among the key challenges faced by\nIDPs. According to the World Bank, only two per cent of IDPs own their house or apartment and it is\nessential to harmonize policies on social housing to facilitate better access to housing for IDPs and\nother vulnerable groups.\n\n\nThe **Head of the Danish Refugee Council (DRC)** **in Ukraine** pointed to additional key concerns for\nIDPs, i.e. freedom of movement, IDP registration and access to pensions and social payments. He\nadded that the current legislation artificially increases the number of registered IDPs, making it a\nrequirement to register as IDPs in order to access pensions and social payments. As a result, many\npeople living in NGCA, the majority elderly, are risking their lives to cross the \u2018contact line\u2019 to access\nsocial benefits.\n\n\nWORKSHOP CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n- **Government leadership.** The Government\u2019s IDP Strategy **[3]** offers an important entry point for a\nwhole-of-government approach on IDPs, and to ensure that response goes beyond humanitarian\nassistance and considers the development needs of IDPs. Relevant Ministries have an important\nrole to play to coordinate their action to advance solutions for IDPs. In addition, the Government\nshould take IDPs into account in its planned reforms, including residency registration,\ndecentralization and housing code legislations.\n\n- **Improve synergies between humanitarian and development actors in order to achieve**\n**collective outcomes.** These outcomes should aim to reduce protracted internal displacement in\ncooperation and coordination with the Government, and be supported by humanitarian and\ndevelopment planning tools, such as the UNDAF and the HRP. A durable solutions marker could be\nincluded in humanitarian and development programs to measure to what extent they contribute to\nsolutions to internal displacement.\n\n- **Get away from the notion of an \u2018\u2019IDP status\u2019\u2019** and delink the place of residence from the access\nto social benefits such as pensions. While intending to highlight the specific vulnerabilities faced by\nIDPs, the IDP label could inadvertently set them apart and become a barrier to their integration and\nto solutions. Every effort should be made to ensure that IDPs are not discriminated against and\neffectively have the same rights as other Ukrainian citizens.\n\n- **Support the capacity of national/local actor and civil society.** Local authorities, IDPs, host\ncommunities and NGOs are at the frontline of the response and should be supported accordingly.\nThis includes improving the functioning of the Entry Exit Check Points (EECPs) along the contact\nline, and to ensure that those in need along the contact line receive the assistance they need. IDPs\nand host communities should be at the center of decisions affecting them, with the design of\nmechanisms to ensure their participation at every stage of the process. Projects increasing the\nmutual understanding of IDPs and host communities should also be supported.\n\n\nFINDINGS ON THREE SPECIFIC THEMES\n\n\n**GROUP 1- ENSURING FAIR ACCESS TO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS**\n\n\nAlthough it did not set specific targets, the group prioritized the following rights to be fully respected:\neducation, medical care, social payments including pensions, identify documents, as well as freedom\nof movement. On education, the group urged the Government to adopt a unified approach to education\n\n\n3 http://mtot.gov.ua/ministerstvo-z-pytan-tymchasovo-okupovanyh-terytorij-ta-vnutrishno-peremishhenyh-osib-ukrayiny\npovidomlyaye-pro-provedennya-gromadskyh-publichnyh-obgovoren-proektu-rozporyadzhennya-kabinet/ . The strategy was\nadopted in December 2017.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f3b6da7a-f727-3ebf-8b11-e2e56bf9b05d/ukraine_high_level_workshop_on_protracted_displacement_final_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in NGCA, and establish distant learning programs for students there. On medical care, the group\nstressed the importance to reform the health care system, taking into account IDPs\u2019 specific challenges.\nOn social payments, the group stressed the importance to delink the IDP status from social payments,\nand to allow NGCA residents to access Government pensions. The group also emphasized the\nimportance to communicate to IDPs any termination of payments or change in procedures. On identity\ndocuments, the group stressed the importance to issue temporary IDs to Ukrainian citizens in NGCA,\nand to simplify procedures for parents travelling with children to/from Crimea/NGCA (currently both\nparents need to sign documents). On freedom of movement, the group urged the Government to review\nand improve the conditions at checkpoints, and to simplify procedures.\n\n\n**GROUP 2- ENSURING HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY (HLP) SOLUTIONS**\n\n\nThe group set as target that at least 25 percent of IDPs have adequate and affordable housing by the\nend of 2020. This will require ensuring tenure security, privatizing housing, constructing new housing\nand developing rural housing programs. It will entail identifying those most in need of housing solutions,\nand amend the social housing law to ensure that the most vulnerable can access such housing. It will\nalso require for critical infrastructure to be built alongside new housing, or added to existing housing in\nunderserved areas. Finally, it will be essential to conduct demining activities to ensure that the land is\nclear and accessible for living and for productive activities. The group also urged the Government to\ncreate a system to register claims of damaged/destroyed property in order to compensate IDPs.\n\n\n**GROUP 3 - ENSURING ACCESS TO LIVELIHOODS AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION**\n\n\nThe group assessed that employment and participation in the life of hosting communities, including\nthrough the right to vote for all IDPs in local elections and the registration of IDPs as members of\nterritorial communities, are key to overcoming protracted displacement. They stressed that enabling\nsocial integration requires inclusive actions of national and local state authorities, but also the\ninvolvement of civil society, the media, communities and IDPs themselves. Since IDPs are not officially\nmembers of the local community, local authorities do not receive subventions to provide medical and\neducational services for IDPs. Changing the system will require amending the regulation to register\nlocal communities. IDPs are also often victims of intolerance and hate speech, and the group urged the\nGovernment to collect information on the issue, train the media and law enforcement on the topic, and\nto raise the awareness of host communities on this problem. On employment, the group proposed that\nIDPs reach the same employment rate that the Government has planned for the rest of the population,\ni.e. 60 percent of people employed by 2022. This will require identifying the number of people in need\nof employment, their skills, training required, as well as analyse the employment market and provide\ngrants to set up small business. The group also urged the Ministry of Social Policy (MoSP) to amend\nResolution #505 on IDP registration in order to track the employment status of IDPs. Finally, the MoSP,\nthe Government (Ministry of Finance, etc.) and Parliament were urged to work to simplify procedures\nto set-up businesses as well as taxation services.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f3b6da7a-f727-3ebf-8b11-e2e56bf9b05d/ukraine_high_level_workshop_on_protracted_displacement_final_report.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_941/raw/doc_941_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_941/raw/doc_941_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index afbcb4a3f1abde27f90e0a3f83dbef639415aaef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_941/raw/doc_941_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,885 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **UKRAINE**\n## **Protection Analysis Update**\n### The Critical Need for Protection amongst Armed Conflict and Violence\n\n#### **JULY 2024**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on 24\nFebruary 2022 led to an international armed conflict,\ncharacterized by **targeted and disproportionate attacks on**\n**civilians and civilian infrastructure, forced displacement,**\n**sexual violence** and **high risks of infliction of psychological**\n**distress.**\n\n\nThe ongoing conflict, well into its third year, has uprooted\nthe lives of millions of Ukrainians. Over 6.5 million people\nhave fled the country as refugees [i], with a further **3.5 million**\n**internally displaced** **[ii]** **.** Within the country, over 11.5 million\nindividuals, amongst them IDPs, returnees and nondisplaced people, are in need of humanitarian protection\nassistance and services. Populations living in the East, South\nand North of the country on the frontlines, an estimated\n3.3 million people [iii], and those in the territories occupied by\nthe Russian Federation are at particular risk.\n\n\n\n\n\nSince February 2022, over **33,800 civilian casualties have been recorded by the UN across Ukraine, including over 2,000 child**\n**casualties, the majority of which were a result of shelling, artillery and missile strikes** **[iv]** **.** The impacts of the war are\nwidespread and uneven, posing significant setbacks to the country\u2019s development, with the greatest effects felt by the most\nvulnerable: IDPs, children and youth, people with disabilities, older people, LGBTQI+ persons and other groups at high risk.\n\n\nIn addition to protection of civilians concerns highlighted in the context, protection risks requiring immediate attention in the\nperiod covered by this analysis are:\n\n\n**1.** **Restrictions to Freedom of Movement, Forced Displacement, and Induced Returns**\n**2.** **Children's Physical and Psychosocial Safety and Well-Being Threatened by Compounding Risks**\n**3.** **Gender-Based Violence, with Heightened Risks of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, Sexual Exploitation and Abuse**\n\n**for Trafficking, Sexual Harassment and Other Forms of GBV**\n**4.** **Presence of Mine and Other Explosive Ordnance**\n**5.** **Impediments and/or Restrictions to Access to Legal Identity, Remedies and Justice**\n\n\n**URGENT ACTIONS NEEDED**\n\n\nUrgent action is needed to stop violations against civilians and mitigate the impact of the war and the consequent increase in\nabuse and negative coping mechanisms that have been identified. It is imperative that those responsible for violations [v] of\nInternational Law, including International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law are held to account. With this view, it is\nof utmost importance to:\n\n\n- Ensure the **Protection of Civilians** by all parties to the conflict. Attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure must cease,\nand the use of explosive weapons in populated areas must be avoided at all costs.\n\n- Ensure the most vulnerable people, including older people, people with disabilities, children, their care-givers, survivors\nof Gender-Based Violence (GBV), survivors of other human rights violations and other persons at heightened risk, are\nprovided with **principled and age-gender-disability responsive protection assistance to address risks to their physical**\n**safety and well-being**, particularly in the East, South and North, as well as in targeted pockets of humanitarian protection\nneeds in other parts of the country.\n\n- Enable **equitable** **access to basic services and rights** for internally displaced people, non-displaced and returnees through\nthe implementation of protection interventions aimed at strengthening the national protection systems and the capacity\nof service providers and communities themselves, with emphasis on responsible transition in West and Center of the\ncountry and strengthened collaboration with early recovery and durable solutions actors.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CIVILIAN**\n**CASUALTIES** **[vi]**\n\n\n\n**CIVILIANS**\n\n**INJURED**\n\n\n\n**IDPs** **[vii]** **RETURNEES** **[viii]** **NON-DISPLACED** **[ix]**\n\n\n### **33,878 21,154 3,548,000 4,573,000 8,912,397**\n\nPrior to February 2022, the conflict in Ukraine was centred in parts of the Donetska and Luhanska Oblasts in the East of the\ncountry, following Russia\u2019s attempted illegal annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2014. According to\nGovernment sources, the war between 2014 and 2022 resulted in a reported 3,106 conflict-related deaths and 7,000 injuries,\nforcibly displacing an estimated 850,000 people [x] . The invasion by the Russian Federation in February 2022 saw Russian Armed\nForces deploy troops in Ukraine\u2019s South, East and North, resulting in several locations falling under Russian military control.\nThe illegal so-called referendums held by the Russian authorities in the occupied areas of Donetska, Khersonka, Luhanska, and\nZaporizka in September 2022 as part of the attempted illegal annexation were declared by the United Nations General\nAssembly as a \u201cviolation of the sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine\u201d [xi], indicating that any\nattempt at annexation of a State\u2019s territory by another State by threat or use of force is a violation of the principles of the UN\nCharter and International Law.\n\n\nThe ongoing conflict, now in its third year, has uprooted the lives of millions of Ukrainians, driving the **mass internal**\n**displacement of over 3.5 million people**, over half of them in Dnipropetrovska, Kharkivska, Kyivska and Kyiv city, and Odeska\noblasts. While Dnipropetrovska oblast remains the oblast with the highest internal displacement in the country, Donetska\noblast is the main oblast of origin for displaced people. Over **6,5 million refugees** have been recorded, with 91% seeking refuge\nin Europe. Nearly **4.6 million people in Ukraine have returned to their homes**, of which 57% were displaced for three months\nor longer. As of April 2024, there are 3,548,000 registered IDPs in Ukraine, with the highest number hosted in Dnipropetrovska\n(14%) and Kharkivska (12%) oblasts. For those who have been internally displaced, displacement within the same oblast or\nmacro-region is most frequently reported, and approximately 60% report having been displaced for a period of one year or\nlonger. A decrease in the number of IDPs in 2023 can be attributed to an increase in the number of returnees, with almost half\nof returnees residing in Kyiv city or Kyivska oblast.\n\n\nThe impacts of war are widespread and uneven, and the greatest effects felt by the most vulnerable, including women and\nmen at heightened risk, children and youth, people with disabilities and older people, IDPs, the Roma population and LGBTQI+\npeople. **The human impact has been substantial**, with a combination of loss of private sector jobs and income, high inflation,\nand asset loss reversing 15 years of poverty reduction. Total losses in the livelihoods and social protection sector are estimated\nat US$60.8 billion, with the largest share of losses stemming from the permanent loss of jobs and workers and only 44% of\nindividuals who were employed before the invasion working at their regular workplaces [xii] . Almost 20% of Protection\nMonitoring Tool (PMT) key informants across the country assess the situation as sufficiently safe, however the fact that this\nassessment is made by KIs in some of the most severely affected hromadas of Donetska and Mykolayivska oblasts shows a\ncertain level of desensitization to the conflict the longer it lasts. [xiii]\n\n\n**ALARMING INTENSIFICATION OF ATTACKS AGAINST CIVILIANS AND CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE**\n\n\nSince February 2022, over **33,800 civilian casualties have been recorded**, including 11,284 killed and 22,594 injured, of which\n2,109 are children, with the actual numbers of those killed and injured likely to be significantly higher. In May 2024, the number\nof civilian casualties was the highest since June 2023, due to increased attacks in Kharkivska region. Of the adults, men were\ndisproportionately affected, accounting for 60% of casualties. 92% of civilian deaths were as a result of the use of **explosive**\n**weapons with wide area effects,** and 4% as a result of mines and explosive remnants of war. The use of long-range missiles\nand loitering munitions by the Russian Federation mean that virtually no areas of the country are safe from the hostilities [xiv] .\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Figure 2:**_ _Civilians Casualties per Month Since February 2022, (OHCHR, June 2024)_\n\n\nThe impact of these attacks has been profound, with extensive damage to critical infrastructure, severely impacting people\u2019s\naccess to healthcare, social protection, education, power and other basic services, as well as limiting their freedom of\nmovement. The Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) from February 2024 estimates that up to **US$152 billion**\n**(\u20ac138 billion) in direct damage to buildings and infrastructure** has resulted from the past two years of war. The most impacted\nsectors are housing (37% of total damage), transport (22%), commerce and industry (10%), energy (7%), and agriculture (7%),\nwhile social protection infrastructure such as residential care units or social service delivery centers have also been destroyed\nor damaged, impacting on access of vulnerable people to Government social services they require. Across all infrastructure\nsectors, the oblasts of Donetska, Kharkivska, Khersonska, Kyivska, Luhanska and Zaporizka, have sustained the greatest\ndamage [xv] . Since October 2022, the energy sector has sustained continued attacks on its infrastructure. March and April of\n2024 saw **large-scale increase in attacks on energy infrastructure**, amounting to 65 attacks in Government-controlled territory\nand a further 13 in the occupied territories, posing threats to Ukraine\u2019s power and transportation systems and temporarily\ndisrupting access to electricity, gas and water [xvi] . With specific increase in attacks renewed during the first half of 2024, these\nhave deprived thousands of civilians of at least temporary access to electricity, water, heating and related essential services,\nposing additional risks for the winter season. [xvii] .\n\n\nOver **10% of the total housing stock has been either damaged or destroyed, affecting close to 2 million households** . Over\n75% of the damage is concentrated in four oblasts: Donetska, Kharkivska, Luhanska and Kyivska [xviii] . The Health Cluster, through\nWHO and the WHO Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care platform, verified a **480% increase in attacks on health**\n**care since December 2023:** there were 110 confirmed attacks on health care between 29 December 2023 and 30 April 2024,\nresulting in 11 deaths and 46 injuries to health care workers and patients. Overall, since February 2022, the Health Cluster has\nverified 1,742 attacks on health care, with 136 deaths and 311 injuries recorded [xix] . Since February 2022, **280 education**\n**facilities have been destroyed**, with a further 958 damaged [xx] . Schools account for most of the damage (53%), with destruction\nconcentrated in eastern and southern oblasts. Whilst many educational institutions generally continue to operate online,\ndestruction of schools has increased pressure on caregivers and limited their labour market participation, especially given that\nmany children are still doing home schooling [xxi] . In the transport sector, damaged or destroyed assets include **8,400 km of**\n**roads, over 290 bridges and more than 50 km of railways lines** **[xxii]**, exacerbated by fewer public transport connections in rural\nfrontline areas **.** Similarly, since 11 July 2023, dozens of **attacks on port facilities, grain silos and vehicles for agricultural**\n**transport,** including in Odeska and Mykolaivska oblasts and alongside the Danube River, have disrupted grain production and\nexport in territories under Ukrainian control.\n\n\nOn May 10\u1d57\u02b0, 2024, Russian armed forces a cross-border ground offensive, seized control of several villages in the north of\nKharkivska oblast, resulting in displacement of over 18,000 people [xxiii] . Simultaneously, Kharkiv city continued to come under\nairstrikes, which further intensified after May 10\u1d57\u02b0. People fleeing from these areas had to shelter for days in cold, dark\nbasements, with no electricity, while there has been massive damage to people\u2019s homes and other civilian infrastructure [ xxiv] .\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS LIVING UNDER OCCUPATION**\n\n\nThe attempted illegal annexation of areas in the occupied Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions by the Russian\nFederation on 30 [th] September 2022 led to the _de facto_ and complete imposition of Russian political, legislative and\nadministrative systems in the occupied territories. Despite ongoing challenges to access information on those exposed to risks\nliving in these areas, some data is available, including reports by OHCHR detailing the use of violence and repression,\namounting to violations of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, with a cumulative effect of\ncreating a generalized climate of fear affecting the lives of civilians. This includes **killings, torture and ill-treatment, sexual**\n**violence, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, random violence and intimidation, deportations and forced**\n**transfers, as well as stifled freedom of expression and restricted access to information carried out in an environment of**\n**impunity** [ xxv] . From February 2022 to May 2023, OHCHR recorded 864 cases of arbitrary detention perpetrated by the Russian\nFederation, many of them amounting to forced disappearances. Widespread torture and ill-treatment in places of detention\nis also documented, including findings that of 178 civilian detainees, 91% had been tortured or ill-treated [xxvi] . The protection of\ncivilians in the occupied territories and respect of their human rights continues to be of significant concern, compounded by a\n**severely** **restricted access by humanitarians to the affected population** . There have also been measures imposed by the\nRussian Federation to restrict the civic space and limit fundamental freedoms within the occupied territories in the form of\n**suppressing Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages and cultural identities**, including disruption, restriction or banning the\nuse of these languages in education, media and other spheres of life.\n\n\nFurther information on protection risks faced by the population living in the occupied territories is severely lacking, with needs\noften inferred from situations on the side of the frontline controlled by the Government of Ukraine, rather than from data\ncoming out of the occupied territories. While protection actors work to systematically document violations against civilians,\nincluding children, the scale of some of these violations is difficult to determine based on both the sensitivity of the topic and\nlimited accessibility.\n\n\n**COLLECTIVE SITES AND CONSOLIDATION PROCESS**\n\n\nAs of June 2024, an estimated 85,808 IDPs in Ukraine reside in over 1,900 Collective Sites (CSs), with higher proportions in the\nWestern and Central parts of the country that are farther from the frontlines. CSs often accommodate highly vulnerable IDPs,\nwith **93% hosting older people, 62% hosting persons with disabilities and 34% female-headed households** [xxvii] **, many at risk**\n**of various forms of GBV** **[xxviii]** . Over 60% of CSs require rehabilitation (59% with Shelter needs and 67% with WASH needs),\nrepairs or construction work to improve sub-standard conditions, as well as to accommodate vulnerable people requiring\nspecific infrastructure or space configurations, primarily accessible infrastructure for people with disabilities, older people or\nothers with low mobility, as well as infrastructure to improve privacy and security of women and children to reduce the risk of\nGBV.\n\n\nMost CSs are located in education, health facilities or other non-housing stock, intending to serve as temporary\naccommodation during waves of mass displacement until longer-term, affordable alternative housing can be identified.\nRecognizing that a significant number of IDPs in CSs are not able to return to their places of origin due to ongoing conflict or\ndamaged and destroyed property, CSs have continued to host IDPs long-term, requiring community-based interventions to\nenhance access of these IDPs to humanitarian and government services and step up their participation in joint initiatives with\nhost communities.\n\n\nOn 1 September 2023, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) adopted the Resolution 930, which among other things\nincludes provisions on site definition, procedures for site \u2018legalization\u2019 and closure, minimum standards for living conditions,\nsecurity of tenure, responsibilities of authorities and site managers and rights and obligations of IDPs residents. **The**\n**implementation of Resolution 930 is expected to lead to the closure of non-compliant sites** (more under risk 5 \u2013 page 14).\nAt the same time, recent displacement from Donetska, Kharkivska and Sumska oblasts in May 2024 demonstrates the\ncontinuous need for accommodation for IDPs, including temporary spaces for new IDPs in the CSs and investments in barrierfree environments for place people with disabilities and low mobility in appropriate conditions.\n\n\n**STEADY EROSION OF COPING CAPACITIES IMPACTING THE MOST VULNERABLE GROUPS**\n\n\nThe war and a multitude of subsequent protection concerns have had the hardest effects on the most vulnerable among the\npopulation, including **people with disabilities, older people, children, women and men at heightened risk, LGBTQI+ people**\nand other **groups at risk of exclusion,** such as the Roma community, further exacerbating pre-existing inequalities and\nprotection risks. The number of older people and people with disabilities continue to grow in Ukraine, with an estimated 3\nmillion people living with a disability, an estimated 2.6 million of whom need humanitarian assistance. Around **20% of IDP**\n**families are reported to have at least one member with a disability,** and over 50% have at least one family member over 60\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "years old [xxix] . Many older people and people with disabilities face several intersecting challenges that put them at risk, which\nare exacerbated by the context of the war. Particularly in frontline areas, they face a higher exposure to attacks. Factors such\nas lower mobility mean that they may be unable to flee from hostilities, as suitable transport options may be unavailable, or\nfamily members are not around to support their movement. They may also struggle to easily access bomb shelters, or to exit\ntheir homes, for example when elevators are unavailable during power outages. During the significant increase in hostilities\nin Kharkivska oblast between 10\u201325 May at least 35 civilians have been killed and 137 injured [xxx], **more than half were over**\n**the age of 60**, reflecting the disproportionate number of older people in border and frontline areas unable or unwilling to\nleave their homes even amid increased violence.\n\n\nAccess to services for vulnerable people to meet their basic needs also often presents a myriad of challenges, including access\nto information caused by _inter alia_ issues with connection and electricity (especially in frontline areas) and access to credible\nforms of information. Furthermore, where vulnerable people remain in remote, often rural and underserved areas, they face\nchallenges to access medical and social services, transport services, as well as humanitarian aid. Where people with disabilities\nand older people are able to flee, accommodation after evacuation is a great challenge, including the overburden of the health\nand elderly care systems, as well as the establishment of new places of suitable accommodation in host communities.\n\n\nAs the war continues, **pre-existing gender and intersectional inequalities** have also further increased the vulnerability of\ngroups at higher risk of exclusion such as **LGBTQI+ people,** **Roma community, and undocumented people.** The war in Ukraine\nis not gender neutral, with the invasion seeing women and men playing distinct and specific roles and affecting both groups in\ndifferent ways. Women are often the sole providers for their families while facing loss of income, family separation, and\nmassive disruptions in the provision of essential services. At the same time, many men are engaged in the more direct war\nefforts on the frontlines, exposing themselves to potential death, severe injuries and mental health distress, and may be seen\nresorting to negative coping mechanisms, such as self-restricting their movements or avoiding to access services and assistance\ndue to fear of conscription. Adolescent girls have taken on more unpaid care work to support women in coping with the\nincreased responsibility of care for children and family members [xxxi] .\n\n\n**Induced Returns in Adverse Circumstances**\n\n\nAs of February 2024, just 5% of IDPs shared that they have the intention to return to their place of origin in the next 12 months,\nwith 68% stating that they hope to return one day. **A growing uncertainty is observed as displacement continues,** with IDPs\nwho were previously planning to return but did not attribute this to the security situation in areas of return (76%), concerns\naround economic opportunities (6%) and damaged or inaccessible property (7%) [xxxii] . The highest return rates have been\nrecorded in Kyivska, Chernihivska, Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska Oblasts.\n\n\n47% of IDPs have conducted short-term visits to their place of origin in Ukraine with the main reason for the visits to check or\nrepair their property, followed by visiting relatives and for getting personal belongings. Return to areas under active hostilities\nindicates the significance of sentimental returns, as well as a possible fatigue attached to protracted displacement, over two\nyears since the February 2022 invasion. The protracted nature of displacement has been compounded by an increasing lack of\nfinancial means and shrinking availability of humanitarian assistance, particularly in West and Center, which may now also be\nexacerbated for some IDPs due to the cuts in the IDP allowance payments. Among IDPs, a small proportion indicate they have\nbeen compelled to return due to facing challenges in areas of displacement, with **problems finding stable accommodation** or\n**not able to access work opportunities** the most frequently reported reasons [xxxiii] . As per the 2023 PMT findings, the main\nreasons for departure to the place of origin or another place of displacement: 1) lack of access to livelihood, employment and\neconomic opportunities; and 2) lack of access to safe and dignified shelter. Furthermore, there were instances of thefts or\nrobberies reported by the PMT key informants in Sumska, Kharkivska and Dnipropetrovska oblasts, prompting displaced\npeople to return to insecure areas for the fear of losing property and belongings. [xxxiv]\n\n\n**Many of those who return continue to face protection risks**, compounded by the impact that the conflict has had on\ncommunity life and infrastructure. Risks faced by returnees include exposure to attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure,\nwith 43% of returnees (over 1,070,000 individuals) residing in a location which had seen missile strikes, shelling and long-range\nattacks in the previous month. Furthermore, up to 38% of returnees were residing in areas where only some people looking\nfor employment could find suitable job opportunities, in many cases undermining returnees\u2019 ability to meet the basic needs\nfor themselves and their families. 62% (over 1,500,000 individuals) reported that at least half of residents in their locations\nhad to reduce the amount of food and NFIs in their households [xxxv] . Lack of access to livelihoods is reported in the PMT as\nparticularly severe in Kharkivska and Khersonska oblasts, where there are both returns and new displacement following the\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "evacuations, while returnees are reported reside in destroyed, unfinished or uninhabitable buildings mostly in Kharkivska,\nKhersonska and Kyivska oblasts. [xxxvi]\n\n\n**Self-Imposed Confinement**\n\n\nOn 18 May 2024 a new law on mobilization entered into force in Ukraine, reducing the conscription age from 27 to 25 years\nold and the obligation to update military records of all citizens liable for military service. Household surveys show that male\ncitizens reporting barriers to freedom of movement included fear of conscription as a significant obstacle (30%). In Kharkiv\nand Donetsk oblasts, there is a clear trend of **men of conscription age restricting their movements**, particularly avoiding areas\nnear checkpoints due to concerns of receiving summons to recruitment centres [xxxvii] . In the community-level protection\nmonitoring, fear of conscription was mentioned as a barrier to freedom of movement in Chernivetska, Odeska, Sumska and\nKharkivska oblasts. [xxxviii] The fear of conscription and consequent **\u2018self-imposed confinement\u2019** contribute to distress\nexperienced by men at risk of conscription and increase the potential for resorting to negative coping mechanisms, impacting\nboth them and family members who may have remained with them. Restrictions on freedom of movement in this way may\nresult in men facing barriers to accessing employment opportunities, humanitarian assistance as well as state services. This\ncan also negatively impact women and other family members who may have to take on additional responsibilities outside of\nthe household (e.g. taking children to school, shopping, visiting family).\n\n\n**Evacuations**\n\n\n**Mandatory evacuation orders from border areas have resulted in the movements of civilians** both within their own oblasts,\nand to other regions of the country. In Kharkivska and Sumska oblasts, most evacuations occurred to other areas within these\nregions, whilst from Donetska, Khersonska and Zaporizka oblasts evacuations occurred mostly to other regions. These\nevacuations are organized by Government authorities, and often supported by NGOs, CSOs and volunteers who also conduct\nhumanitarian evacuations even when mandatory evacuations are not announced. In some cases, evacuations are also selforganised. Most recently, evacuations of civilians took place at larger scale as a result of the ground offensive and deterioration\nof the security situation in the north of Kharkivska oblast in May 2024. According to data published by the Relief Coordination\nCenter (RCC)\u00b9, as of May 31\u02e2\u1d57, a total of 3,853 individuals were evacuated and registered at the transit center in Kharkiv.\nEvacuations also continue from hotspot areas in Donetska oblast, including state-organized evacuations to Rivnenska and\nVolynska oblasts.\n\n\nDespite the deterioration of the security\nsituation in these frontline areas, some\npeople have not left due to a\ncombination of factors, including high\nrisks _en route_, the destruction of bridges\nand roads, landmines, and lack of means\nfor safe exit. Some individuals do not\nhave information about accommodation\noptions or have concerns about the\nlength of displacement as well as the\nquality of services that will be provided\nat the reception site, others do not want\nto leave their homes or livestock. [xxxix]\n\n\n\nConsidering that humanitarian\nevacuations often occur from areas\nunder active hostilities, people arrive at\nthe place of displacement without ID\ndocuments. Sometimes issuance of such\ndocuments takes a long time and\nevacuees may consequently face\n**impediments in accessing medical,**\n**social and other services** provided by\nthe State.\n\n\n\n_**Figure 3:**_ _Hromadas under evacuation and oblasts announcing evacuations, including number_\n_of partners indicating evacuation capacity (as per available information from partners)_\n\n\n\nThe most vulnerable groups may face difficulties evacuating safely, e.g. children and families may be at risk of separation\nduring evacuations; women and girls may be exposed to increased risks of various forms of GBV, including sexual violence,\ntrafficking and sexual exploitation and abuse, as their physical well-being during evacuations mostly depends on external aid;\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Household surveys", - "confidence": 0.9935345649719238, - "start": 72, - "end": 74 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.6839797496795654, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6078720092773438, - "start": 35, - "end": 36 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "male\ncitizens", - "confidence": 0.9053574800491333, - "start": 76, - "end": 78 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data", - "confidence": 0.6265413761138916, - "start": 425, - "end": 426 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "transit center in Kharkiv", - "confidence": 0.7162399291992188, - "start": 455, - "end": 459 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.886094868183136, - "start": 421, - "end": 422 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.5595914721488953, - "start": 448, - "end": 449 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "older persons or persons with disabilities may be left behind or - with very limited availability of home-based care or assisted\nliving options - be unable to access suitable accommodation and necessary care and services. Furthermore, evacuation of older\nand disabled people residing in the institutions in the frontline oblasts poses very serious challenges. To support the\nGovernment efforts to address these pressing concerns, the Protection Cluster has engaged in a mapping of humanitarian\npartners\u2019 capacity to provide home-based care and assisted living social services, while the CCCM Cluster monitors a list of CSs\nwhere the premises are equipped with infrastructure for barrier-free access for people with low mobility. Protection partners\nhave also advocated for better information dissemination on evacuations process and services available upon arrival, as well\nas for providing stepped-up referrals and counselling for evacuees arriving in destination areas, including the transit sites.\n[Moreover, the Protection Cluster, GBV and Child Protection AoRs issued joint lessons learned report and recommendations](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-lessons-learned-evacuation-and-support-services-kharkiv-enuk?_gl=1%2A1xkmq27%2A_ga%2AMTU1NDE4ODAxMC4xNjg3NzI4OTk0%2A_ga_E60ZNX2F68%2AMTcyMDk3MzQ0MS4yMDcuMS4xNzIwOTc0MzQ2LjUyLjAuMA..)\nbased on feedback collected from operational partners in Kharkivska oblast. Finally, the Protection Cluster and Child Protection\n[AoR in consultation with humanitarian partners, CSOs and volunteers issued a revised Guidance on Humanitarian Evacuations](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk)\n[with Special Considerations for Children, elaborating further protection risks, guiding principles and recommended actions](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk)\nrelated to humanitarian evacuations in Ukraine.\n\n\nThe on-going war in Ukraine continues to have a devastating impact on children, with continuous violence, displacement, and\nworsening socioeconomic conditions. Against this backdrop, over 3.2 million children [xl] in Ukraine endure multiple protection\nrisks and violations of their rights on a daily basis and are in dire need of humanitarian assistance. Protection risks are higher\nfor children in frontline areas and along the Russian border, including Chernihivska, Donetska, Kharkivska, Khersonska\nLuhanska, Mykolaivska, Sumska and Zaporizka [xli] . Children in Ukraine face grave dangers both physically and psychologically,\nwith many having already witnessed or experienced acts of violence, including the sound and shock waves of explosions. Many\nchildren are showing signs of significant distress.\n\n\nShelling and bombing pose immediate threats to children's safety, development and life. In Mykolaivska Oblast, 28% of\nchildren have experienced such incidents, with girls aged 15-17 being the most affected group (35% compared to 21% of boys\nin the same age range). Similarly, in Dnipropetrovska Oblast, 25% of children reported these incidents, with girls aged 15-17\nreporting a higher incidence rate (30% compared to 20% of boys) [xlii] . The psychological impact on children is profound and\ncaregivers continue to cite their children\u2019s mental health as a top concern [xliii] .\n\n\n**A combination of protection risks is**\n**impacting** **children** **and** **their**\n**caregiver\u2019s** **mental** **health** **and**\n**psychosocial well-being: children\u2019s**\n**own experiences of the conflict and**\n**the impact the violence has in their**\n**daily lives, along with repeated**\n**displacements,** **the** **loss** **of** **or**\n**separation from family members**\n**and** **friends,** **the** **dramatic**\n**deterioration in living conditions**\n**and lack of access to basic social**\n**services, health services, in-person**\n**education, and lack of socialization**\n**with** **their** **peers** **have** **often**\n**damaging** **physical,** **social** **and**\n**psychological consequences.** These\nconsequences risk having profound\neffects on their well-being and\ndevelopment both short and long\nterm. Crises often also impact the\n\n_**Figure 4:**_ _Child Protection Severity of Needs and PiN by Raion, October 2023_\n\nwell-being of caregivers\u2019, which can\naffect the ability to be a main source of protection, support and stability for their children, risking leaving children without\nentrusted adults to provide support and care. A representative survey revealed that 35% of Ukrainian respondents are\nexperiencing poor well-being and quality of life [xliv], while UNICEF and Word Vision estimate 1.5 million children are at risk of\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "lessons learned report and recommendations", - "confidence": 0.5878183245658875, - "start": 169, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.6843127608299255, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.6210030913352966, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kharkivska oblast", - "confidence": 0.9412695169448853, - "start": 185, - "end": 187 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "representative survey", - "confidence": 0.9501878619194031, - "start": 818, - "end": 820 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.601851224899292, - "start": 819, - "end": 820 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian respondents", - "confidence": 0.8925792574882507, - "start": 825, - "end": 827 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "depression, PTSD, and other mental health issues. A CP Assessment in 2024, reveals high levels of psychosocial distress, with\n84% identified mental and psychosocial wellbeing as risks to children in their location. 68% noted children worrying about the\nfuture, 28% believed that children were at risk of limited socialization, and 26% indicated children missing and worrying about\ndisplaced family/friends. The highest rates of distress were found in Mykolaivska (45%) and Khersonska (42%) regions. Urban\nareas had slightly higher rates of psychosocial distress compared to rural areas.\n\n\n**Family separation has become an increasingly concerning risk for children in Ukraine since the escalation of the war, with**\n**Ukrainian NGO Magnolia having received over 2,500 requests to find children who have gone missing since February 2022** **[xlv]** **.**\nThe 2024 Child Protection Assessment by REACH indicated that 36% of households consider family separation as a significant\nrisk. The 2023 MSNA found that 2% of households across Ukraine reported at least one child under 18 years old not residing\nwith them with higher percentages in the East (7% in Donetska, 5% in Khersonska, and 4% in Zaporizka and Kharkivska). Maleheaded households were five times more likely to report a child not living with them, rising to eight times more likely in the\nEast of the country. Common causes include loss of parents or caregivers, relocation, and sending children away for safety.\nSeparation increases children's vulnerability to protection threats and may become permanent due to inadequate systems for\nfamily reunification. Many children left due to marriage, studying, or seeking safety, with 59% in the North and 56% in the East\nleaving to seek protection, highlighting a link to conflict zones [xlvi] .\n\n\n**Killing or maiming due to the use of explosive weapons and the presence of landmines and other explosive ordnance in**\n**their communities** is further exacerbating the conditions of children and their caregivers in the areas most affected **.** The\nconflict has caused significant damage to schools and hospitals, disrupting children's access to education and healthcare\nservices. In 2023 alone, the UN verified 938 grave violations against 543 children in Ukraine (309 boys, 204 girls, and 30 sex\nunknown) [xlvii] . Between 24 February 2022 to June 2024, OHCHR recorded 33,878 civilian casualties as a result of Russia\u2019s\ninvasion of Ukraine. Of these casualties, 2,109 were children (622 killed and 1,487 injured). The killing and maiming of children\nhas predominantly been caused by the use of explosive weapons with wide area effects and explosive ordnances [xlviii] . However,\noverall casualty figures are believed to be higher due to a high number of pending reports of civilian casualties, especially from\nareas like Mariupol (Donetska) as well as in Lysychansk, Popasna, and Sievierodonetsk (Luhanska) in the occupied territories,\noutside the reach of many international actors. Returnee households in frontline areas reported being affected by explosive\nordnance as a safety hazard for children twice as often as displaced households, with particularly high reports in Kharkivska,\nKhersonska, and Mykolaivska oblasts. Awareness campaigns have been conducted to educate children on how to identify and\nrespond to explosive hazards. However, the 2024 Child Protection Assessment conducted by REACH indicate, many\nrespondents (23%) were still unsure whether such hazards were present in their areas. Over half of the households reported\nthat their children knew how to identify and act upon finding explosive ordnance, with higher awareness in rural areas. The\nongoing conflict continues to place children at risk of injury or death from these hazards.\n\n\n**Attacks on schools and hospitals put children in grave danger and often severely impact their immediate and longer-term**\n**protection and well-being.** Many educational and healthcare facilities have been damaged, destroyed, or repurposed for\nmilitary use. In 2023 alone, UN verified a total of 335 attacks on schools (243) and hospitals (92), mostly involving explosive\nweapons with wide area effects [xlix] . Further reports from 2023 confirm continued repurposing of civilian facilities for military\nuse, for example children\u2019s health centres, schools, and maternity hospitals in Luhanska and Zaporizka. The constant threat of\nmilitary hostilities has caused significant psychological stress, anxiety, and long-term mental health issues among children. In\nMykolaivska and Zaporizka oblasts, there have been reported cases of children injured due to bombing and shelling. The lack\nof bomb shelters, especially in educational institutions, further exacerbates the risk and hinder in-person learning, often\nnecessitating online education. This limits children's social interactions and learning opportunities, and impacts access to\neducation as the online modality relies on internet connectivity, which is being impacted by power cuts, including due to\nattacks on energy infrastructure.\n\n\n**Children living in institutions and without parental care face increased challenges due to the impact of the war, including**\n**access to social services.** Providing vulnerable children, including those with disabilities, with better care in a safe and nurturing\nfamily-type environment is crucial for their well-being and development. Prior to the war, Ukraine had the highest number of\nchildren in institutional care in Europe, with nearly half of them being children with disabilities. Children with disabilities in\ninstitutions were particularly at-risk as many were not included in evacuation plans and the reduced capacity of staff further\nhindered their care. While a significant number of children have been reunified with family members, the war and mass\ndisplacement have exposed, and exacerbated, risks faced by children of family separation, with a heightened risk for children\nin institutions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "An estimated 2.5 million vulnerable IDPs, returnees and non-displaced people are at high risk of gender-based violence (GBV)\nand in need for immediate and continuous lifesaving GBV prevention, risk mitigation, and response action across Ukraine. **The**\n**prolongation of the full-scale war, deterioration of the security context, falling economic opportunities and other effects of**\n**the war has heightened risks of intimate partner violence (IPV), conflict related sexual violence (CRSV), sexual exploitation**\n**and abuse (SEA), trafficking in human beings, sexual harassment and other forms of GBV.**\n\n\nSince February 2022, predominantly women\nand girls but also men and boys of all ages\nand diverse backgrounds have been subject\nto GBV in war-affected Ukraine [l] . Those at the\nhighest risks of violence include: women of\nall ages and girls residing in close proximity\nto the frontline areas in the north, south and\neast of Ukraine; internally displaced women\nand girls in collective sites, particularly\nlocated in remote/hard to reach areas or\nthose on the move passing transit centres,\nreturnees with exhausted financial\nresources, particularly to the retaken areas\nor closer to the frontline where civilian\ninfrastructure is destroyed; women and girls\nwith disabilities or living with HIV/AIDS and\nstruggling to access services and support,\nwomen and girls, boys and men trapped in\n\nthe occupied territories ; women supporting\nthe Ukrainian response as soldiers/armed\nactors and partners of current or former\ncombatants; women and men prisoners of war, particularly those detained by the Russian military; Roma people who have\nexperienced historical discrimination and continue to do so during Russia\u2019s war on Ukraine [li] ; and people of diverse sexual\norientations and gender identities (SOGI) who experience discrimination and harassment from armed actors and are often\ndenied passage out of Ukraine.\n\n\n**The General Prosecutor\u2019s Office of Ukraine and the Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine have documented cases**\n**of CRSV perpetrated by the Russian military against women, men, girls and boys including \u201cpersons with diverse sexual**\n**orientations and/or gender identities, race and ethnicity, as well as persons living with disabilities, ranging in age from 3 to**\n**70 years\u201d.** In majority of cases of incidents involving adult male survivors, sexual violence was documented as a method of\ntorture that included \u201crape, threats of rape against victims and their relatives, electric shocks and beatings to the genitals,\nelectric shocks to the breast, threats of castration, genital mutilation, unwanted touching, forced stripping and nudity\u201d [lii] .\n\n\nWomen and girls remaining in the frontline areas in the north, south and east parts of Ukraine face consequences of drastically\ndeteriorating security situation, limited or no access to livelihoods, psychological trauma caused by the war and lack of access\nto lifesaving interventions, including GBV services. In 2024, new waves of evacuations of vulnerable population from the\nfrontline areas where hostilities intensified, resulted in an **increased number of displaced women and girls passing through**\n**transit centres and/or placed in collective centres. They faced increased risks of GBV due to \u201clack of privacy and single sex**\n**accommodation in Collective Sites (CSs)\u201d** [liii] . In their new locations, IDP women and children of all ages often have to deal with\nlimited or no access to life-saving services and livelihood opportunities. An assessment in the northern regions revealed\nparticular vulnerability of \u201cadolescent girls from IDP households, especially those from economically marginalized households\nat increased risk of exploitation. The impact of displacement and economic vulnerability exacerbates their risk of the adoption\nof negative mechanisms, including sexual exploitation and exploitative relationships, as a way to access basic needs\u201d [liv] .\n\n\nGBV Safety Audits (UNHCR 2023, and GBV AoR together with CCCM Cluster, and with the participation of Wash, Health,\nProtection and Shelter in 2024) revealed **multiple challenges faced by IDPs residing in Collective Sites (CSs), notably that**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**increased GBV risks including lack of privacy, non-secure WASH facilities and other common areas, lack of access to life-**\n**saving information and services and other concerns.** In addition to insufficient lighting in common areas such as kitchens,\ncorridors, and halls, the situation in CSs creates opportunities for potential perpetrators to conceal their actions and makes\nresidents feel vulnerable, particularly during the night. Additionally, the presence of individuals abusing alcohol and drugs, as\nwell as witnessing violence committed by these individuals, makes women feel unsafe. This results in them locking doors,\nfloors, and even kitchen areas. Women also highlighted the need for supportive activities and programs for them in CSs.\n\n\nIn 2024, in areas retaken by Ukraine and frontline territories in Kharkivska, Khersonska, Mykolaivska, Sumska and Zaporizka\nregions there was a **doubling of intimate partner violence and other manifestations of domestic violence cases, including**\n**physical and psychological violence perpetrated at home** . In the Sumy and Chernihiv regions, \u201cmore than half of reports\nstated that they were aware of at least one instance of GBV occurring within their family, community and/or workplace, with\nthe majority of these cases identified as incidents of intimate partner violence, reflecting the entrenched nature of this\nparticular form of GBV within the target locations [lv] . Partners have reported growing rate of IPV committed by returning war\nveterans.\n\n\n**Access to quality and coordinated GBV services including GBV case management, psychosocial and legal assistance and**\n**referrals to healthcare institutions is not available in all locations and particularly limited in rural and remote areas.** Recent\nassessments show that in addition to stigma and fear of retaliation by perpetrators, survivors may shy away from reporting\nalso due to lack of trust in quality of services, most importantly challenges around confidentiality issues, lack of specialists\nincluding psychologists and the resulting often delayed response by service providers. This is particularly challenging in areas\nwhere GBViE services are scarce or non-existent. According to the latest research, \u201capproximately 70% of respondents (to the\nFocus Group Discussions) in the Apostolivska hromada of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, as well as PetroMykhailivska and Vilnyanska\nhromadas in Zaporizhzhia Oblast and about 50% in the Pershotravenska, Mezhivska hromada of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and\nDolynska hromada of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, advised that they would not report cases of GBV, including cases of intimate partner\nviolence\u201d. In addition, the GBV AoR latest study (WRC 2023) on **barriers to services faced by adult and adolescent male**\n**survivors of sexual violence indicated limited or no access to GBV services including health services by men and boys due to**\n**male fears of being identified as survivors or LGBTIQ+, lack of knowledge or information of available support as well the**\n**lack of services adjusted for the needs of male survivors** **[lvi]** **.**\n\n\nOne third of the country is suspected to be contaminated, placing 6.37 million people at risk of exposure to mines and\nunexploded ordnances (UXO), according to the Mine Action Area of Responsibility (AoR). Of those at-risk, 56% are adults, 23%\nare older people, 20% are children and 15% are persons with disabilities. This diverse at-risk population creates unique\nchallenges for Mine Action actors, necessitating a range of approaches in the provision of Explosive Ordnance Risk Education\n(EORE), disposal interventions, and tailored assistance to Explosive Ordnance victims.\n\n\n**From 2014 to 2021, Ukraine was among the**\n**most contaminated countries in the world,**\n**with mines, UXOs, submunitions and**\n**improvised explosive devices (IEDs).** Today,\nareas of Chernihivska, Dnipropetrovska,\nDonetska, Kharkivska, Kyivska, Khersonska,\nLuhanska, Mykolaivska, Odeska, Sumska and\nZaporizka oblasts are reported to be the most\ncontaminated, with Kharkivska, Khersonska,\nMykolaivska and Sumska containing raions\nwith the most catastrophic severity levels of\ncontamination, which is evident in both rural\nand urban areas. From 24 February 2022 to 8\nMarch 2024, National Mine Action Authority\n(NMAA) reported that 288 civilians were\nkilled and 652 injured as a result of Explosive\nRemnants of War (ERW). This statistic\nunderscores the severe and ongoing threat\nposed by these explosive hazards in Ukraine. _**Figure 6**_ _: Total ERW incidents recorded by NMAA of Ukraine since February 2022_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "reports", - "confidence": 0.8823850750923157, - "start": 201, - "end": 202 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Focus Group Discussions", - "confidence": 0.808433473110199, - "start": 397, - "end": 400 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Apostolivska hromada of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast", - "confidence": 0.9346067905426025, - "start": 403, - "end": 408 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBV AoR latest study", - "confidence": 0.973206639289856, - "start": 461, - "end": 465 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WRC", - "confidence": 0.5384531021118164, - "start": 466, - "end": 467 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.99314945936203, - "start": 467, - "end": 468 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Contamination remains a significant risk for people going about daily activities, including those in newly accessible areas and\nchildren during recreational activities. **Individuals living in communities along the border with the Russian Federation and in**\n**the occupied territories Federation are at severe risk.** The demographic impact is notable, with men (80%) and boys (10%)\nrepresenting 90% of civilian casualties. Farmers are particularly affected, with 128 casualties since February 2022, highlighting\nthe profound impact on agriculture and rural livelihoods. This high casualty rate among farmers also indicates a critical need\nfor targeted risk education and clearance operations in agricultural areas to ensure the safety and continuity of food\nproduction. Groups who face barriers to communication and/or accessing information may have reduced awareness of highrisk areas. For example, mine risks and UXO are usually denoted by visual warnings (tape or signs) which put those with visual\nimpairments at a significant disadvantage. Children compared to adults may have less developed risk awareness, are naturally\nmore curious, and can be more attracted to shiny objects. Cluster munitions, which are prevalent in Ukraine, are particularly\nproblematic as they break-up into small butterfly-like shapes.\n\n\nFurther, mines and unexploded ordnance are particularly deadly for children. Blast and fragmentation injuries often cause\nlong-lasting impairments including limb amputations, loss of eyesight and hearing, severe injuries to genitals, internal organs,\nface and chest, brain damage and spinal cord damage. These physical injuries are aggravated by the psychosocial, socioeconomic and protection consequences of the traumatic event of a blast accident as the survivors confront lifelong difficulties\naccessing education, livelihood opportunities and, like many vulnerable children with disabilities, are subject to violence, abuse\nand exploitation. Children who lose a family member as a result of a mine/ERW blast, or who are living in a family with an\nadult survivor, also face considerable challenges from the loss or impairment of a care giver or the household breadwinner.\n\n\n**Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, Mine Action capacity in Ukraine has significantly increased.** There are now a\ntotal of 42 certified operators, including 14 humanitarian operators comprising both national and international NGOs. This\nexpanded capacity reflects a concerted effort to address the contamination problem more effectively. However, the scale of\ncontamination still presents a daunting challenge that requires continuous support and resources. This is the reason the\nGovernment of Ukraine has developed and adopted in June 2024 the strategy for Mine Action and an operational plan that\nwill cover the next three years. Indeed, the increased number of operators is a positive development, yet the efficiency and\ncoordination among these entities are crucial for the success of mine clearance and risk education programs. Efforts must be\naligned to ensure comprehensive coverage and to avoid duplication of work, maximizing the impact of available resources.\nMoreover, continuous training and support for these operators are essential to maintain high standards of safety and\neffectiveness in mine action operations. The inclusion of advanced technology and equipment also plays a vital role in\nenhancing the efficiency of demining efforts and ensuring the safety of demining personnel.\n\n\nWhile significant strides have been made in increasing Mine Action capacity, **the ongoing threat of contamination requires**\n**sustained and coordinated efforts.** The focus must remain on reducing the risk to the population, providing adequate support\nto victims, and ensuring that all affected areas with high density of populations and livelihoods are eventually cleared of mines\nand UXOs.\n\n\n**Civil Documentation and Access to Social Assistance**\n\n\nConstraints to access to legal identity, remedies and justice remain widespread across Ukraine, primarily related to a lack of\npersonal and civil documentation. **Displacement and conflict often result in the loss or destruction of personal and civil**\n**documentation** - and archives in registries, where such information is stored. Lack of documentation and other means to prove\none\u2019s identity can have serious consequences for individuals and communities, including restricted freedom of movement,\nlimited access to life-saving services, access to social benefits, and denial of Housing, Land and Property (HLP) rights.\nAdditionally, the lack of access to civil documentation impacts access to justice and to essential services such as legal, health,\neducation, and livelihoods. People with disabilities, limited literacy, limited state documentation, and/or communication\nchallenges due to language differences (such as Roma community), may face barriers to accessing their rights. Those with\nadditional learning needs or mental health issues may also require assistance in navigating legal rights and state assistance.\n\n\nIn Ukraine, a lack of documentation and / or capacity of relevant Administrative Service Centres or Government Departments\nto assess eligibility criteria of specific vulnerable groups may hinder their access to certain services. In March 2022, to address\nthe internal displacement caused by the escalation of the war and provide social support to vulnerable IDPs, the CMU\nintroduced an IDP allowance (Resolution 332). The monthly allowance is granted to those IDPs who are (re-)displaced after 1\nJanuary 2022 from the frontline and occupied territories, IDPs whose housing has been damaged or destroyed and the children\nof IDPs, with an increased amount for people with disabilities and children. Before 1 March 2024, an estimated 2.5 million IDPs\nwere receiving the allowance, and on 1 March 2024, with a view to shifting from blanket to targeted approach, the Cabinet of\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) approved a new round of amendments that designate 10 vulnerable categories [lvii] of IDPs who can\ncontinue receiving the IDP allowance for the next 6-month period, resulting in some 800,000 non-vulnerable IDPs of working\nage ceasing to receive it. The Protection Cluster, in close collaboration with national NGOs and the Ministry of Social Policy,\nsuccessfully advocated for an increase in the number of vulnerable groups to 15 to guarantee governmental monetary support\nto those most in need.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster along with the\nInter-Cluster Coordination Group\nand Humanitarian Country Team has\nundertaken other measures to\nmonitor and mitigate the potential\nimpact on IDPs. Specifically, the\nProtection Cluster launched a\nmonitoring tool to track the impact\nof changes in payments of the IDP\nallowance, including risks related to\nthe: **inability to attain basic needs,**\n**evictions** **or** **development** **of**\n**negative coping mechanisms such as**\n**returns to unsafe areas or move to**\n**Collective** **Sites** **[lviii]** **.** Additionally,\nprocedural impediments for\nextension of the payment, such as\nlong queues, lack of information,\ninability to verify eligibility of people\nwith disabilities for the automatic\nextension of the payment in certain\n\n_**Figure 7:**_ _Protection Cluster Legal Assistance Provision Jan \u2013 May 2024_\n\ncases, were identified [lix] . Delays or\ntermination of these payments to IDPs may not only impact them economically, but also exacerbate their existing\nvulnerabilities or intensify social disputes. Hence, while the targeted, needs-based approach to the IDP allowance scheme\nneeds to be promoted, further attention to the impact of these policy changes is required, given that the current extension of\neligibility for 15 vulnerable categories expires on 31 August 2024.\n\n\n**Access to Housing, Land and Property (HLP) Rights and Remedies**\n\n\nInability to access HLP rights have led to profound challenges and displacement for civilians impacted by the conflict. In\ncircumstances where IDPs may face relocation or secondary displacement, the risk of violations of HLP rights increase.\nReturnees may also struggle to assert their right to restitution or compensation upon return, particularly when HLP\ndocumentation is lost. From February 2022 to December 2023, over 10% of the total housing stock in Ukraine was either\ndamaged or destroyed, affecting nearly 2 million households. **The scale of this damage exacerbated an already existing**\n**shortage of adequate, affordable, and safe housing in Ukraine and particularly presents severe challenges for IDPs** [lx] . 47% of\nIDPs owned a house or apartment unit that was damaged or destroyed and 31% face a shortage of adequate accommodation\nin their current location. IDPs aged 60+, in particular, struggle to find housing [lxi] .\n\n\nThe shortage of adequate and affordable housing has particularly impacted the most vulnerable IDPs, many of whom are\nrenting their accommodation, residing in Collective Sites (CSs) or host families throughout Ukraine. While the Government of\nUkraine has strengthened compliance of CSs to meet minimum standards, many sites have closed or will close and IDPs are\nfacing eviction risk. In most cases, IDPs confronted with eviction are presented with options for relocation, however, illegal\nforced evictions by collective site owners have been documented [lxii][.] Overall, CS residents express concerns about CS closures\nand potential relocation to another CS, experiencing stress and uncertainty related to their current housing arrangements.\nCases of forced eviction, including through closure of CSs, can also lead to disruption of support networks and impeded access\nto vital services, especially for people living with chronic disease and/ or disabilities. Protection actors collaborate closely with\nthe CCCM Cluster to provide IDPs in CSs with the support and services they need to move out of CSs into more appropriate\nhousing, whenever feasible. In some locations, rental market assistance is available for a 6-month period for persons living in\nCSs, offered by shelter actors in collaboration with HLP partners, while exploring viable exit strategies incorporating livelihoods\nprogramming. Advocacy is also ongoing with the Protection, CCCM, Shelter/NFI and Education clusters in conjunction with the\nHumanitarian Country Team and local and central authorities regarding planning for dignified, affordable, alternative housing\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "options and other support for durable solutions. In this regard, the Ministry of Social Policy is working on initiating the state\nrental subsidy scheme, which can contribute to alleviating these challenges.\n\n\nFrom May 2023, under Law No. 2932-IX, the **Government of Ukraine compensation mechanism for damaged and destroyed**\n**housing (eVidnovlennia - eRecovery) has been operational and more than 100,000 Ukrainian families have applied for**\n**compensation** . 54,000 families have received funds to repair their damaged homes. 7,000 families were issued housing\ncertificates for their destroyed homes and 3,000 families have used those certificates to purchase new homes. The total\namount of disbursed compensation funds exceeded UAH 11 billion (USD 275 million). Most applications for compensation for\ndamaged and destroyed housing come from residents of Kharkivska, Kyivska, Donetska, Mykolaivska, Chernihivska and\nKhersonska oblasts [lxiii] . Despite the positive results of the E-Recovery programme, many Ukrainians with damaged and\ndestroyed housing cannot participate due to lack of necessary documents. Most notably, persons who own property that is\nnot registered in the State Register of Real Property Rights cannot apply for compensation. In some cases, registration is\npossible based on available technical documentation or other records, however the process is long and costly. In other cases,\nthe property archives that could prove ownership \u2013 and thus eligibility to apply for compensation \u2013 have been destroyed or\nare otherwise inaccessible. Judicial procedure still could be used, but fees are high, and effectiveness of intervention depends\non provision of qualified legal aid. HLP legal assistance partners have recommended a streamlining of the procedure to\nofficially register properties and have highlighted other procedures (e.g., longer filing periods for compensation) that should\nbe adopted.\n\n\nShelter assistance actors \u2013 humanitarian, development, and private organizations \u2013 can and **support light, medium and some**\n**heavy repairs to persons who cannot access compensation** . Legal aid actors provide information, counselling and legal\nassistance on compensation procedures and other HLP issues. Finally, the Law No. 2923-IX and its operational resolutions have\nevolved since its inception in May-June 2023. This evolution has expanded eligibility in some areas, increased maximum limits\nfor compensation relief, and has clarified the law to ensure that shelter repair interventions do not negatively impact an eligible\nperson\u2019s opportunity to apply for and receive compensation.\n\n\n**Occupied Territories**\n\n\nThe **constraints to access to civil documentation for residents in the occupied territories** remain serious and widespread,\nprimarily with regard to undocumented births and deaths, with hundreds of thousands of children reportedly born in the\noccupied territories without a birth certificate. Cheap, fast and efficient administrative procedures for the registration of births\nand deaths is unavailable to residents of these territories, who are forced to apply to a court for registration documentation.\nFollowing the illegal so-called referendums, the systems imposed by the Russian authorities in occupied territories have, as a\npractical matter, effectively compelled people to obtain Russian citizenship in order to access necessary services. Residents\nwho retain their Ukrainian citizenship are at **risk of exclusion from social protection schemes, including health insurance and**\n**pensions** from the Russian Federation, leaving them uniquely vulnerable. There are also regular reports of threats of physical\nand bodily harm from the Russian armed forces should Ukrainians fail to obtain Russian citizenship. There are also protection\nconcerns related to recent announcements by the Russian Federation in the occupied territories, namely Donetska,\nKhersonska, Luhanska and Zaporizka oblasts, that owners of housing must register their ownership in the Russian Federation\nUnified State Register of Real Estate or **risk seizure of their property by the Russian Federation authorities** . Due to this\nannouncement, there are concerns that Ukrainian citizens will return to the occupied territories to preserve their right of\nownership and thus be exposed to protection risks. [lxiv]\n\n\nCompensation mechanisms do not currently include properties damaged and destroyed in areas beyond the control of the\nGovernment of Ukraine and housing damaged or destroyed before 24 February 2022. However, there are initiatives in the\nform of a recently submitted draft law to include this possibility. The Government of Ukraine recently undertook a **pilot project**\n**using remote sensing information equipment to confirm the destruction of housing** in the occupied territories of Melitopol\nand there are calls to scale up this project and extend it to other occupied areas, such as Mariupol [lxv] .\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROGRESS MADE ON PROTECTION**\n\n\nFrom January to May 2024, over **180 protection partners** responded to the protection needs of over **2,3 million people (13%**\n**men, 41% women, 46% children, 5% persons with disabilities** and **16% older persons)** . **52%** of persons reached were from the\nso-called \u201ccrescent oblasts\u201d: Chernihivska, Donetska, Kharkivska, Khersonska Mykolaivska, Odeska, Sumska, and Zaporizka\noblasts, with the top protection services and assistance provided in awareness raising and information dissemination (including\nCP, EORE, GBV and protection), PSS, protection and legal counselling, legal assistance, support through Women's and Girls\nSpaces, transportation to support evacuations and access to services, and community-based protection. Close to 120,000 girls,\nboys, women and men at risk benefitted from specialized protection services, including child protection and GBV, such as case\nmanagement, social rehabilitation, protection cash and vouchers, and legal assistance.\n\n\nAs of May 2024, **173 Child Protection** partners have reached a total of 692,839 individuals (21 % women and 39 % girls with the\ntotal reach) including **506,256 children (53% girls)** with critical child protection prevention and response services. These services\ninclude MHPSS, child-friendly legal assistance, case management, family tracing and reintegration, cash for child protection\noutcomes, child protection messaging and transport. A total of **26,937 children** with protection concerns were identified,\nregistered, assessed, and provided with direct, individualized support and referrals based on a case plan tailored to their specific\nneeds. Additionally, 5,236 children and caregivers provided with cash assistance to address child and/or family/household-level\nchild protection needs. As of May 2024, **82 Gender-Based Violence partners reported provision of services to 261,500 people**\n(91% female, 9% male, including 15% children, 68% adults and 17% older people) survivors and those at high risk of genderbased violence who were in need of immediate and continuous life-saving risk prevention, mitigation, and response. Life-saving\nassistance was provided through GBV case management and referrals to specialised GBV and health care services, mobile and\nstatic PSS and legal support, rehabilitation at women\u2019s and girl\u2019s safe spaces, awareness raising and information dissemination\non preventive action and survivor support, CVA for GBV prevention and response, dignity kits and crisis accommodation through\nsafe shelters and crises rooms. The capacity of service providers was continuously supported to bring quality of services in line\nwith the survivor-centred approach. **12 Mine Action** partners have reached **596,885 people** (69% children), mostly with\nExplosive Ordnance Risk Education, inc. in educational institutions. 18,372 people have benefitted from land clearance.\n\n\n**Localization has been at the forefront of protection response** in Ukraine, ensuring strong engagement with the authorities at\ncentral, regional and local levels, particularly with the Ministry of Reintegration, Ministry of Social Policy, and Ministry of Justice;\n[capacity building; translation of cluster and AoRs\u2019 documents and meetings in Ukrainian, working with the IDP Councils; and](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/good-practices-idp-councils-april-2024-enuk?_gl=1*o7gier*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDQxNDg5MC4yOTAuMS4xNzIwNDE0OTI0LjI2LjAuMA..)\nday-to-day involvement of local actors, including Civil Society Organizations and volunteers, for example through the\norganization of the Protection Cluster Peer-to-Peer event for national humanitarian actors conducting evacuations in April 2024.\nProtection Cluster and Mine Action AoR have national non-government organizations as Co-Coordinators. The Child Protection\nAoR has consistently prioritized localization efforts in child protection, including localizing the 7 sub-national/regional\ncoordination in the east and south regions, led by NGO partners, and capacity building for national and local actors. A Resource\nMobilization Help Desk has been established to assist national and local organizations in applying for funding through the\nUkraine Humanitarian Fund (UHF) for child protection programs. A localization survey has been launched to gather essential\ndata for establishing a baseline and creating a tailored action plan for the Ukraine CP AoR's localization initiatives, supporting\nlocal organizations in accessing funding for child protection programs.\n\n\n**ACCESS-RELATED CHALLENGES AND ACTIONS**\nHumanitarian access in Ukraine continues to be primarily driven by war dynamics. **The escalation of hostilities and deteriorating**\n**security environment limits the ability of humanitarian actors to access** people in need in locations close to the front line, and\nattacks affecting civilian infrastructure across the country impact humanitarian actors\u2019 capacity to operate. In May 2024,\nchanges in the operational environment, such as the Russian cross-border ground offensive in Kharkivska oblast, increases in\nstrikes against Kharkiv City and the border areas of Sumska oblast, and advances by the Russian Federation in Donetska oblast\nhave increased the need for humanitarian assistance and thus humanitarian presence.. The military mobilization of\nhumanitarian staff is flagged by many humanitarian actors as an important access constraint, limiting humanitarian activities.\nIncidents involving conscription of humanitarian workers and volunteers are believed to be underreported. A total of 51 access\nincidents were reported between January-April 2024, including 11 of violence impacting humanitarian personnel, assets and\nfacilities, mostly in frontline oblasts. [lxvi] Access barriers for humanitarians include extreme restrictions to access to the territories\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "localization survey", - "confidence": 0.9887962341308594, - "start": 760, - "end": 762 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.8672716021537781, - "start": 748, - "end": 749 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "local organizations", - "confidence": 0.6679708957672119, - "start": 790, - "end": 792 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "access\nincidents", - "confidence": 0.8418917059898376, - "start": 969, - "end": 971 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "frontline oblasts", - "confidence": 0.7676262259483337, - "start": 991, - "end": 993 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7531185150146484, - "start": 975, - "end": 976 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "occupied by the Russian Federation. Shifting frontlines have caused progressive loss of access to provide services to those with\nincreasing humanitarian needs living in the occupied areas, e.g. in Avdiivka in Donetska oblast in February 2024.\n\n\nAccording to OCHA, 18,625 people in Donetska Oblast and 17,160 in Kharkivska oblast are reported to remain in areas with very\nlimited humanitarian access as of June 2024. **Many of those remaining are very vulnerable, including older people and people**\n**with disabilities** who lack access to services they need and their community support networks. [lxvii] Humanitarian protection\nactors, including child protection and GBV partners, are able to provide very limited services and assistance in proximity to the\nfrontline due to insecurity and protection reasons. Thus, ensuring the do-no harm approach in delivery of limited assistance\nthrough the last mile delivery actors is challenging.\n\n\nIn the period covered by this analysis, urgent action is required to stop the recorded increase in violence and exploitation and\nadvance the implementation of the HCT Centrality of Protection Strategy for Ukraine issued in 2023. Furthermore, the\nProtection Cluster, including its Areas of Responsibility and Working Groups, as well as partners consider the here listed actions\nnecessary to avoid further harmful consequences:\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Strengthen available data on demographics and push and pull factors for returns to unsafe areas and engage the\nGovernment in relation to parameters for safe returns.\n\n- Work with CCCM Cluster to better understand the profiles of vulnerable people in need of protection services and\nassistance in West and Center of the country, in particular those in CSs in West and Center (what barriers they are facing\nto leave the CSs and gaps they are exposed to in accessing specialized services), so as to advocate for responsible transition\nto the Government and development actors in these areas.\n\n- [Follow the principles and recommendations included in the Protection Cluster Guidance on Humanitarian Evacuations of](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk?_gl=1*1xnn559*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDQxNDg5MC4yOTAuMS4xNzIwNDE0OTI3LjIzLjAuMA..)\n[Civilians in Ukraine with Special Considerations for Children.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk?_gl=1*1xnn559*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDQxNDg5MC4yOTAuMS4xNzIwNDE0OTI3LjIzLjAuMA..)\n\n- Continue to bolster the on-going efforts to disseminate reliable messaging on evacuation process and assistance available\nupon arrival in destination areas, so as to support the informed decision-making by people remaining in frontline areas.\n\n- Support the identification of social safety nets and improved security measures for vulnerable groups, including women\nand men at risk, persons with disabilities, children and youth, LGBTQI+ persons, marginalized groups and older persons in\nfrontline locations and/or upon arrival to evacuation destination. Engage with the local authorities and Health Cluster to\nstrengthen the two-way referrals and ensure better access to specialized services for people with disabilities and low\nmobility during and after evacuations, and for those remaining in frontline areas.\n\n- Advocate with humanitarian and development actors across the relevant sectors to support the Governments plans on\nevacuation of people with disabilities and people with low mobility residing in institutions in frontline oblasts.\n\n- In collaboration with ICCG, advocate for evidenced-based and needs-driven delivery of humanitarian assistance in\nfrontline areas.\nThese actions need to be complemented with a robust protection monitoring system with a solid capacity to identify groups\nat heightened risk and enable people-centred approach.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "available data on demographics", - "confidence": 0.745679497718811, - "start": 247, - "end": 251 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Protection Cluster", - "confidence": 0.5353468060493469, - "start": 209, - "end": 211 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable people", - "confidence": 0.5419195294380188, - "start": 284, - "end": 286 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**GOVERNMENT and AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- **Children must be protected from the six grave violations against children as well as other rights violations of their rights**\n**that may be occurring** **[lxviii]** **.**\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- **Funds continue to be needed to deliver life-saving child protection programming** : The Child Protection AoR is seeking\ncritical and immediate and long-term funding to fill gaps and ensure sustained child protection programming for children\nin Ukraine specially for the frontline oblasts.\n\n- **Supporting specialised, standalone child protection interventions is also critical,** including for case management,\nparticularly registration and referral services as well as psychosocial support, family tracing and reunification, return and\nreintegration service, where in the best interests of the child, and strengthening existing national child protection services.\n\n\n**CHILD PROTECTION SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- **Children\u2019s rights must be central to the response and their protection is everyone\u2019s responsibility.** It is critical to ensure\nthat child protection needs are considered with an age, gender and disability perspective, ensuring strong integration\nacross programmes alongside specialised standalone child protection responses.\n\n- **Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of children** and their caregivers is crucial, and they need access to adequate\nsupport and resources. Multi-sectoral response programming should align with Child Protection and mental health and\npsychosocial minimum standards to ensure inclusive service delivery.\n\n- Further improve the **quality and access to specialized child protection services**, including direct support or referrals,\nparticularly in remote and hard-to-reach areas located in the North, South, and East of Ukraine, close to the frontline.\n\n- Intensify awareness campaigns and educational programs to teach children and communities how to recognize and\nrespond to explosive hazards. Ensure these programs are well-publicized and reach the most vulnerable populations.\n\n- **Children should be highlighted as a unique affected population group, and child protection risks, and existing capacities**\nshould be reflected in the situation analyses, highlighting specific needs by gender, age, and disability.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- **Enhance GBV initiatives:** advocate for donor support to enhance comprehensive initiatives addressing GBV, inc. domestic\nviolence, focusing on shift of gender norms, and reintegrating war veterans into post-war society, while implementing the\nIstanbul Convention. Focus on community-driven prevention and support programs for veterans' families.\n\n- **Support local GBV services:** Provide state subsidies for local GBV services, ensuring quality, capacity, sustainable funding,\nand community collaboration.\n\n- **Develop service provider capacity:** In coordination with international and national non-governmental entities, establish\nsustainable mechanisms for continuous development of GBV service providers with standardized curricula and guidelines\nby the National Training Center on GBV Prevention.\n\n- **Strengthen National GBV Management:** Develop legislation and tools for effective GBV case management.\n\n- **Legislate for CRSV:** Amend laws to include Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CRSV) prevention and response, ensuring\nproper investigation and legal tools.\n\n- **Ensure survivor accountability** : Integrate \"accountability to affected populations\" in policy planning and implementation,\nfocusing on a survivor-centered approach.\n\n- **Create national protocols:** Develop a national protocol for clinical management of rape (CMR) and intimate partner\nviolence (IPV), emphasizing safety, confidentiality, and respect. Reform mandatory reporting policies, establish forensic\nevidence collection, and create a confidential data system for survivor support.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**DONORS**\n\n\n- Continue funding organizations operating GBV prevention, risk mitigation and response activities in war affected Ukraine\nmaintaining key focus of continuous and survivor centred services for GBV survivors and at-risk groups, awareness\nraising/access to life-saving information and strengthening capacity of GBV actors to deliver quality support.\n\n- Target smooth nexus and availability of funding for humanitarian (before the need persists), developmental and state\nactors to ensure stable access and increased quality of GBViE interventions including emergency preparedness.\n\n- Pay particular attention to the possibilities of strengthening capacity of WLO/WROs, regional and local authorities to\ncooperate and jointly deliver quality GBViE response.\n\n\n**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE SECTOR AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Continue close collaboration with state actors at national, regional and local levels to ensure complementarity of the\nhumanitarian aid to the work of the government of Ukraine to prevent and respond against GBV during the emergency.\n\n- Further improve quality, access and/or referrals to GBViE services particularly in remote, hard to reach close to the\nfrontline areas located in the North, South and East of Ukraine.\n\n- Ensure all vulnerable women, men, girls and boys including persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+, Roma women and girls and\nothers have access to survivor-centered quality GBV services.\n\n- Continue advancing capacity of GBV service provider organizations to deliver quality and coordinated assistance to\nsurvivors with the focus on Women Led and Women\u2019s Rights Organizations, organizations working with persons with\ndisabilities, with Roma women and girls, LGBTQI+ survivors and other vulnerable categories.\n\n- Improve understanding among humanitarian actors across sectors, including those delivering assistance in the frontline\nareas on how to mitigate GBV risks and observe do no harm principles if interacting with survivors.\n\n- Continue raising awareness on GBV risks, preventive action and availability of GBV services to enable survivors and at-risk\nindividuals\u2019 timely access to needed help.\n\n- Further advocate with donors and other stakeholders on GBViE prevention, risk mitigation and response needs in Ukraine\nto ensure quality and coordinated assistance is non-interrupted and increasingly contributed by the national and local\norganizations.\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER AND PARTNERS**\n\n\n- Ensure the sustainability of support to Mine Action partners by focusing on developing the capacity of local NGOs.\n\n- Provide Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) sessions tailored to the most affected groups, particularly farmers.\n\n- Strengthen cohesion and coordination among mine action partners to ensure comprehensive coverage, avoid duplication\nof efforts, and maximize the impact of available resources.\n\n\n**GOVERNMENT and AUTHORITIES**\n\n\n- Improve administrative procedure for **birth and death registration for residents of occupied territories**, including\nexempting unconditionally from court fees on cases of birth and death registration.\n\n- Amend the compensation law (Law No. 2023-IX) to include housing damaged and destroyed in areas beyond the control\nof the Government of Ukraine and housing that was damaged or destroyed before 24 February 2022\n\n- Support for **inclusive compensation schemes**, including the eligibility of non-Ukrainian property owners who were legally\nentitled to be domiciled in Ukraine on 24 February 2022 and victims of sexual violence, since the approach to\nvictims/survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence should be particularly sensitive to their needs. The compensation\nscheme should extend to destroyed or damaged immovables other than residential housing, for instance garages, small\ncorner shops, offices of individuals set up in apartments, etc, as well as damaged agricultural land (for instance, through\nmines, military movements, flooding, etc.). **A fair and transparent compensation mechanism**, with clear messaging on\neligibility will increase social cohesion and strengthen the rebuilding of social fabric.\n\n- Streamline the procedure to officially register residential properties in the State Register of Real Property Rights.\n\n- Support the increase in capacity of local commissions in processing compensation claims.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "birth and death registration", - "confidence": 0.9779742360115051, - "start": 475, - "end": 479 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "occupied territories", - "confidence": 0.9253861904144287, - "start": 482, - "end": 484 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- Based on the experience in the Melitopol project, scale up remote sensing information equipment to confirm the\ndestruction of housing in the occupied territories.\n\n- Ensure continuous access to social protection schemes, be it IDP allowance, rental subsidy or social services, of internally\ndisplaced people, guaranteeing that the most vulnerable do not \u201cfall through the cracks\u201d.\n\n\n**DONORS**\n\n\n- To address the impact of the changes in IDP allowance scheme, 1) support development programming to increase access\nto sustainable employment and livelihoods and access to affordable housing and alternative housing solutions so that\nIDPs affected by the changes to the IDP allowance policy do not \u201cfall back into the humanitarian caseload\u201d; 2) support the\nestablishment of shock responsive social protection system, including access to government rental subsidies for the most\nvulnerable; 3) continue to support humanitarian partners (Protection, FSL, Shelter/NFI, CCCM and AAP WG), particularly\nwith regards to targeted activities such as awareness raising, protection counselling and legal aid, protection capacity\nbuilding, livelihoods, cash for rent.\n\n- Increased resources for legal aid partners, to strengthen awareness of HLP rights, laws and policies among Ukrainian\ngovernment officials, affected persons, and IDPs; and provide free legal assistance on HLP issues, including compensation\nschemes.\n\n\n**PROTECTION CLUSTER AND ITS PARTNERS**\n\n\n- To address the impact of changes in IDP allowance scheme: 1) increase advocacy and communication on the **impact of**\n**change in legislation** on those most affected by Resolution 332, based on the continued thematic protection monitoring;\n2) step up awareness raising, legal counselling and aid to IDPs during the re-application process and upon rejection for\nextension of the IDP allowance, as well as support and capacity building to Departments of Social Policy and Administrative\nService Centers; 3) advocate with donors, development actors and Government to strengthen employment schemes,\nsocial protection mechanisms, and to implement the rental subsidy programme.\n\n- In complementarity to government services, particularly the Free Legal Aid Centers (FLACs), expand legal aid services\n(including on HLP-related matters) to rural areas, addressing the reported physical barriers that residents face in accessing\nadministrative services and documentation outside of the city.\n\n\ni [UNHCR Operational Data Portal - Ukraine Refugee Situation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine)\nii [IOM Ukraine \u2014 Internal Displacement Report \u2014 General Population Survey Round 16 - April 2024](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\niii [Ukraine Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024 - December 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*15to6ui*_ga*MTAyNTA5NjUxNC4xNzE0OTgyNjQ3*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxNTU5Mzg2NS40LjAuMTcxNTU5Mzg2NS42MC4wLjA.)\niv [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nv [OHCHR, Ukraine: UN Commission concerned by continuing patterns of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law \u2013 March 2024](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/03/ukraine-un-commission-concerned-continuing-patterns-violations-human-rights#:~:text=The%20Commission%20found%20new%20evidence,explosive%20weapons%20in%20civilian%20areas.)\nvi [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nvii [IOM Ukraine \u2014 Internal Displacement Report \u2014 General Population Survey Round 16 - April 2024](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\n[viii IOM Ukraine \u2014 Internal Displacement Report \u2014 General Population Survey Round 16 - April 2024](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-16-april-2024?close=true)\nix As estimated by the HNRP Analysis Working Group \u2013 UKR 2024 Affected Population - September 2023\n\nx [Protection Analysis Update, June 2023](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/PAU23_Protection_Analysis_Update_Ukraine_June%202023-rev1.pdf)\nxi United Nations General Assembly Resolution: \u2018Territorial integrity of Ukraine: defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations\u2019\nxii [Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) \u2013 February 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\nxiii [Protection Cluster: Protection Monitoring Tool Findings 2023, January 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\nxiv [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nxv [Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) \u2013 February 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\n[xviOHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nxvii [ACLED Ukraine Conflict Monitor \u2013 April 2024](https://acleddata.com/2024/04/26/russia-ramps-up-airstrikes-on-ukraine-acled-brief/)\nxviii [Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) \u2013 February 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\nxix [Health Cluster & WHO, Ukraine: Partners Emergency Response to Attacks - Update #9 as of 30 April 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-partners-emergency-response-attacks-update-9-30-april-2024-reported-health-cluster#:~:text=Through%20WHO%20as%20cluster%20lead,health%20care%20workers%20and%20patients.)\nxx [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nxxi [Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) \u2013 February 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\nxxii [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 June 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28June%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nxxiii IOM Flash Update on the Flow Monitoring and Evacuations in Kharkivska Oblast, 31 May 2024\n[xxiv Danish Refugee Council, Rapid Protection Assessment Kharkiv City, May-June 2024; OHCHR, Press Briefing Notes of 24 May](https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2024/05/ukraine-displaced-civilians-describe-terrifying-russian-attacks-north)\nxxv [OHCHR, Human Rights Situation During the Russian Occupation of Territory of Ukraine and its Aftermath \u2013 December 2023;](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ukraine/2023/2024-03-20-OHCHR-Report-Occupation-Aftermath-en.pdf)\nxxvi [OHCHR, Detention of Civilians in the Context of the Armed Attack by the Russian Federation Against Ukraine, 27 June 2023](https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/2023-06-27-Ukraine-thematic-report-detention-ENG_0.pdf)\nxxvii [CCCM Cluster, IDP Collective Sites Monitoring \u2013 January 2024](https://www.cccmcluster.org/where-we-work/ukraine)\nxxviii UNHCR safety audit 2023, GBV AoR lead sample GBV Safety Audits in Kharkiv in 2024\nxxix [World Bank, Ukraine Human Development Update In Focus: Disability and Inclusion \u2013 February 2024](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099032824073057091/pdf/P1812361d6feb006c1a506192390987152a.pdf)\nxxx [OHCHR: Flash Update #8: Ukraine. Humanitarian Impact of Intensified Hostilities in Kharkivska Oblast](https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/ukraine/flash-update/1PgAYIxOUdGdCaxqbJPocO/)\nxxxi [CARE, Rapid Gender Analysis Brief Ukraine \u2013 October 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/rapid-gender-analysis-ukraine-october-2023-enuk)\nxxxii [UNHCR, Lives on Hold: Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees, Refugee Returnees and IDPs \u2013 February 2024](https://www.ipsos.com/en/lives-hold-intentions-and-perspectives-refugees)\nxxxiii [UNHCR, Lives on Hold: Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees, Refugee Returnees and IDPs \u2013 February 2024](https://www.ipsos.com/en/lives-hold-intentions-and-perspectives-refugees)\nxxxiv [Protection Cluster: Protection Monitoring Tool Findings 2023, January 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\nxxxv [IOM, Conditions of Return Assessment \u2013 December 2023](https://mcusercontent.com/5e98e89a623f4994f9c857468/files/a7a3f90e-65ec-918a-bfbb-cfa228663bde/CoRA_Round_6_Report_Dec_2023__DRAFT_FINAL.pdf)\nxxxvi [Protection Cluster: Protection Monitoring Tool Findings 2023, January 2024, and DRC Rapid Protection Assessment in Vysokopilskaya Hromada, Khersonska Oblast](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\nxxxvii [Danish Refugee Council, Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Ukraine \u2013 May 2024](https://pro.drc.ngo/media/v00jvqhu/240522_drc-qpmr_january-march-2024_final.pdf)\n\n\n", - 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"confidence": 0.5333711504936218, - "start": 1059, - "end": 1063 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7137438654899597, - "start": 1051, - "end": 1052 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5931994915008545, - "start": 1065, - "end": 1066 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "xxxvii [The Six Grave Violations \u2013 Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/six-grave-violations/)\nxxxviii [Protection Cluster: Protection Monitoring Tool Findings 2023, January 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/protection-monitoring-findings-1-january-31-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*1sshtsv*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjAwMTgxNzEuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JNlAtOV9vNkxod01WSDVSUUJoM2RnQUdvRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0lYZ3ZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMDM2NTE1Ni4yODcuMC4xNzIwMzY1MTU2LjYwLjAuMA..)\nxxxix [Guidance on humanitarian evacuations of civilians in Ukraine with special considerations for children, June 2024; IRC Protection Monitoring Report \u2013 June 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/guidance-humanitarian-evacuations-civilians-ukraine-special-considerations-children-enuk?_gl=1*1vqku94*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjE4MDg3OTMuRUFJYUlRb2JDaE1JLTdQNXg1Ml9od01Wd3BwUUJoMGxyU2tqRUFBWUFTQUFFZ0tkbV9EX0J3RQ..*_ga*MTkzMzk5NjQ1MC4xNjg2OTM0Nzk4*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcyMTkwNTk4MS4zMTQuMC4xNzIxOTA1OTgxLjYwLjAuMA..)\nxl [Ukraine Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024 - December 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-december-2023-enuk?_gl=1*15to6ui*_ga*MTAyNTA5NjUxNC4xNzE0OTgyNjQ3*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxNTU5Mzg2NS40LjAuMTcxNTU5Mzg2NS42MC4wLjA.)\nxli [Ukraine Humanitarian Needs Overview 2023 \u2013 December 2022](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-december-2022-enuk)\nxlii [REACH & CP AoR, Child Protection Assessment 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/child-protection-assessment-key-findings-resilience-early-recovery-unit-june-2024)\nxliii [World Vision, Child Protection Multisectoral Needs Assessment, 2023, and HIAS, October 2023](https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/Child%20Protection%20Multisectoral%20Needs%20Assessment%204%20Pager-%20Final.pdf)\nxliv [2023 HIAS / Girls report](https://hias.org/wp-content/uploads/HIAS-GIRLS-MHPSS-Full-Report-English.pdf)\nxlv [Magnolia Center for Missing Children - 2023](http://help.missingchildren.org.ua/)\nxlvi [REACH, Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023: Child Protection Findings \u2013 March 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/multisectoral-needs-assessment-msna-2022-protection-findings-march-2023)\nxlvii [Secretary-General Annual Report on Children and Armed Conflict \u2013 June 2024](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/document/secretary-general-annual-report-on-children-and-armed-conflict-3/)\n\nxlviii [OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict \u2014 April 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28April%202024%29_ENG.pdf)\nxlix [Secretary-General Annual Report on Children and Armed Conflict \u2013 June 2024](https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/document/secretary-general-annual-report-on-children-and-armed-conflict-3/)\nl [CARE, Rapid Gender Analysis Brief Ukraine \u2013 October 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/rapid-gender-analysis-ukraine-october-2023-enuk)\nli [Study on Gender Practices and Cases of Gender Based Violence in Roma Community, Voices of Romni - 2024](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xesoPFFwznFuamJkCW66hFgvpzV4Ckm_/view)\n[lii UN Secretary General Annual Report on Conflict Related Sexual Violence, Security Council - April 2024](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4044629?ln=en&v=pdf)\nliii Danish Refugee Council, Rapid GBV Assessment: Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts \u2013 Febraury 2024\nliv Danish Refugee Council, Rapid GBV Assessment: Chernihiv and Sumy Oblast - February 2024\nlv Danish Refugee Council, Rapid GBV Assessment: Chernihiv and Sumy Oblast - February 2024\nlvi [Service Barriers Faced by Male Survivors of Sexual Violence in Ukraine, WRC and GBV AoR in Ukraine \u2013 December 2023](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/service-barriers-faced-male-survivors-sexual-violence-ukraine-enuk?_gl=1*1m9n8kx*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MTg2Mjg0MjcuQ2p3S0NBandnZGF5QmhCUUVpd0FYaE14dGtUUElXVENsaFpENzdYVWt3VksxNWM0MkFvS3NGd2wxMUFQQ1J1NVF4QTJoUDIzWEozbVlCb0NtTkVRQXZEX0J3RQ..*_ga*MzA3OTk0NTA1LjE3MDQ5NjQ2NDg.*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxODY0MjAyMi42Mi4xLjE3MTg2NDIwNDUuMzcuMC4w)\nlvii The list of 10 vulnerable categories was extended to 15 categories in the next round of amendments of 22 March 2024, following the advocacy efforts by the Protection Cluster\nand Ukrainian NGOs.\nlviii [Update on changes in payment of IDP allowance (CMU Resolution #332) \u2013 May 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/update-changes-payment-idp-allowance-cmu-resolution-332-enuk?_gl=1*wpxqz7*_ga*MTY0Nzg1MTgxOC4xNzA4OTM0MDI2*_ga_E60ZNX2F68*MTcxODk1MzUyNS45OC4wLjE3MTg5NTM1MjUuNjAuMC4w)\nlix Ukraine Protection Cluster Legal Aid Bulletin \u2013 April 2024\nlx [Third Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3) \u2013 February 2024](https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/UA%20RDNA3%20report%20EN.pdf)\nlxi [IOM Ukraine \u2014 Internal Displacement Report \u2014 General Population Survey Round 14 \u2013 October 2023](https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-14-september-october)\nlxii [Danish Refugee Council, Quarterly Protection Monitoring Report Ukraine \u2013 May 2024](https://pro.drc.ngo/media/v00jvqhu/240522_drc-qpmr_january-march-2024_final.pdf)\nlxiii [Ukrinform \u2013 Ukraine National News Agency](https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-vidbudova/3864197-bilse-100-tisac-rodin-zvernulisa-po-kompensaciu-za-programou-evidnovlenna-sulak.html)\nlxiv [Report on Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 March 2024-31 May 2024](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-1-march-31-may-2024-enuk)\nlxv [Ukraine Government Website News - 13 May 2024](https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/minreintehratsii-eksperymentalnyi-proekt-shchodo-dystantsiinoho-obstezhennia-znyshchenoho-zhytla-na-tot-ie-diievym-i-potrebuie-masshtabuvannia)\nlxvi [OCHA Ukraine: Humanitarian Access Severity Overview as of 31 May 2024; Humanitarian Access Snapshot March-April 2024.](https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-humanitarian-access-severity-overview-31-may-2024)\nlxvii For example, the latest summary observations by CARE from the Inter-Agency Convoy to Toretska Hromada in Donetska Oblast, where hostilities significantly intensified in\nJune 2024, indicates that among 11,805 current residents of the hromada, there are approximately 8,500 older people, 937 persons with disabilities, 370 persons with low\nmobility and 16 children. Similar demographic profiles of population remaining were documented in other Inter-Agency Mission Reports conducted in 2024.\n\n\n**Methodology**\nThroughout April and May 2024, the Protection Cluster, together with the GBV, CP and MA AoRs, and the Housing, Land and\nProperty Working Group, organised a series of consultations with partners across Ukraine to complete the protection risk\nprioritization exercise. The data collection was based on the Global Protection Cluster\u2019s Protection Analytical Framework and\ncounted with the participation of a wide range of partners. The Protection Cluster Team, including sub-national coordinators,\nheld a workshop at the beginning of May 2024 to review the findings at oblast level, as well as organized a meeting with the\nProtection Cluster\u2019s Strategic Advisory Group to agree on prioritized risks at national level. This analysis has been based on\nboth quantitative and qualitative data from existing secondary data sources, including protection assessments and data from\nkey country-wide protection monitoring and information management tools.\n\n\n**Limitations**\nAreas under the occupation by the Russian Federation are almost entirely inaccessible by the humanitarian community.\nRelevant information and data have been shared where possible, as no large-scale assessments are available.\n\n\n**For further information, please contact:**\n\n\n**Kasia Kot-Majewska** [\u2013 Senior Protection Cluster Coordinator \u2013 kotmajew@unhcr.org](mailto:kotmajew@unhcr.org)\n\n\n**Tetiana Luzan** [\u2013 Protection Cluster Co-Coordinator \u2013 t.luzan@r2p.org.ua](mailto:t.luzan@r2p.org.ua)\n\n\n**Ranjini Paskarasingam** [\u2013 Child Protection AoR Coordinator \u2013 rpaskarasignham@unicef.org](mailto:rpaskarasignham@unicef.org)\n\n\n**Ekaterine Kristesashvili** [\u2013 Gender-Based Violence AoR Coordinator \u2013 kristesashvili@unfpa.org](mailto:kristesashvili@unfpa.org)\n\n\n**Ganna Gerasymenko** [\u2013 Gender-Based Violence AoR Co-Coordinator \u2013 gerasymenko@care.de](mailto:gerasymenko@care.de)\n\n**Marie Dahan** [\u2013 Mine Action AoR Coordinator \u2013 marie.dahan@undp.org](mailto:marie.dahan@undp.org)\n**Iryna Gutsalo** [\u2013 Mine Action AoR Co-Coordinator \u2013 iryna.gutsalo@uda.org.ua](mailto:iryna.gutsalo@uda.org.ua)\n\n\n**Stuart Brooks** [\u2013 Housing, Land and Property Technical Working Group Lead \u2013 stuart.brooks@nrc.no](mailto:stuart.brooks@nrc.no)\n\n**Emma Wynne** [\u2013 Global Protection Cluster \u2013 wynne@unhcr.org](mailto:wynne@unhcr.org)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "REACH, Multi-Sector Needs Assessment 2023", - "confidence": 0.8718628883361816, - "start": 155, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9792349338531494, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5051294565200806, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Rapid GBV Assessment", - "confidence": 0.916733980178833, - "start": 300, - "end": 303 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Danish Refugee Council", - "confidence": 0.8786020874977112, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.5072503089904785, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.840973973274231, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Inter-Agency Mission Reports", - "confidence": 0.9823493361473083, - "start": 614, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9146684408187866, - "start": 664, - "end": 665 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.9928964972496033, - "start": 619, - "end": 620 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection assessments", - "confidence": 0.7885586619377136, - "start": 768, - "end": 770 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/4505cfbb-e758-4f76-8622-ac148aa67d41/ukraine_protection_analysis_update_-_july_2024.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_942/raw/doc_942_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_942/raw/doc_942_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 7572d5681d3abf6572e25270a0fcdd780a4f2f44..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_942/raw/doc_942_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PEACE AGREEMENTS AND THE ROAD TO RESOLVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT\n### \uf111 \uf111 \uf111 \uf111\n\n**REPORT OF A GLOBAL PROTECTION CLUSTER ROUND-TABLE \u2013 KYIV**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 1. BACKGROUND\n\n#### \uf111 \uf111 \uf111 \uf111\n\nOver the past decade, the number of wars has tripled\nand in 2016, more countries were experiencing\nviolent conflict than at any time in nearly 30 years.\nWars can only be ended by the parties to the conflict\nand their supporters. An important part of ending\nwar and restoring peace is the resolution of internal\ndisplacement caused by the conflict. And for that\npeace to last, internally displaced persons should\nparticipate in the process.\n\n\nWithin the scope of the Guiding Principles at 20 Plan\nof Action, the Global Protection Cluster convened\na meeting in Kyiv on 3 July 2018 to examine this\nimportant subject. Kyiv was chosen as the place\nfor this meeting not only because Ukraine offers\na relevant context but also because the Ukraine\nProtection Cluster, a broad-based coalition of\nagencies led by UNHCR, produced a Guidance Note\non Peacebuilding and Reconciliation in Ukraine\n(July 2016), which is useful for other operations and\ndeserving of wider recognition.\n\n\nThe overall aim of the thematic roundtable was to\ncontribute to efforts to resolve internal displacement\nthrough peace agreements and peace processes. The\nround-table reached this overall aim by discussing\nthe various shapes that peace initiatives and\npathways to peace can take, in addition to Track One\nnegotiations and peace agreements. This report of\nthe round-table compiles some past and present\ngood practices in addressing internal displacement\nthrough peace processes as reported by the\nparticipants, who included government ministers\nand officials, IDPs, peace activists, humanitarian aid\nworkers, international organisations and academics\nfrom various countries, including South Sudan, the\nPhilippines, the United Kingdom, Cyprus, Georgia and\nUkraine.\n\n\nPeace processes are complex undertakings and\ninvolve numerous considerations including funding,\nparticipation, mandates, formality, structure and\nhuman rights and international law. They are also\ncoloured by power, pressure and self-interest (the\nexample of Afro-Colombians was highlighted).\nThe roundtable explored the dilemmas around the\nmeaningful consultation and participation of IDPs and\n\n\n\nthe models their participation has taken. The roundtable proceeded on the premise that excluding IDPs\nand other civil society groups from a peace process\nmeans that they come to view it as belonging to the\narmed combatants, not to them. The example of the\nexclusion of IDPs representatives and others from the\nDarfur peace talks in Abuja in 2006 was highlighted\nas a key factor in creating an unsustainable and\nunworkable peace agreement that lacked local\nownership and was quickly repudiated.\n\n\nThe round-table recognised that there are existing\nframeworks, which help shape the participation of\nIDPs in peace agreements. The most important peace\ncommitment we have is the United Nations Charter\nitself - it commits the UN to maintaining international\npeace and security, to human rights and to promoting\ndevelopment; that framework is important for\ndefining the role of the United Nations.\n\n\nInternational law also describes the right of people\nto freedom of expression, including the right to hold\nopinions without interference and to seek, receive\nand impart information and ideas through any media\nand regardless of frontiers. International law also\ndescribes the right to freedom of peaceful assembly\nand association and the right to take part in the\ngovernment of the country. The importance of these\nrights to internally displaced people is underscored by\ntheir inclusion in Principle 22 of the Guiding Principles\non Internal Displacement.\n\n\nThe Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement\nare the starting point for engaging IDPs in peace\nagreements. They provide a definition of forced\ndisplacement (which is often necessary, see eg.\nAnnex I: Agreement on Resettlement of the\nPopulation Groups Uprooted by the Armed Conflict\nin the Guatemala peace agreement) and, critically,\nrecognise the right of IDPs to a durable solution\n(Principle 28), although the current average length of\ndisplacement is 17-18 years. The sclerosis in conflict\nmanagement and peaceful resolution of conflicts\ntoday undermines the UN Charter but there are\nexamples of peace processes even absent high-level\nsupport. For example, the OSCE plan for Eurasia,\nbased on the Helsinki Principles, recognises that\n\n\n\nGPC CONFERENCE REPORT 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "prevention can and should happen at any stage; there\nis no order and sequencing in efforts and recovery\nand development should be part of the peace process\nand can help it; there is a need to create space for\nthinking together, reflection on what further steps\nwe can take and developing a culture of prevention.\nThe Secretary-General\u2019s emphasis on a triple nexus\nof peace-humanitarian action-development is a step\nforward and the efforts for prevention of conflict\nmust be supported, including by guarding against the\nresurgence of nationalism in e.g. Bosnia.\n\n\nPeace agreements must be linked to frameworks for\ndurable solutions: peace processes, reconstruction\nand dialogue between communities, the planning of\nwhich IDPs should be fully engaged in. The scale of\ndisplacement in some situations today means that\nignoring IDPs in peace processes e.g. Syria, Iraq, South\nSudan, is impossible. However, it is sometimes the\ncase that politicians are wary of the decision-making\nof IDPs and it has to be conceded that displaced\npeople can sometimes be perceived to be spoilers in\npeace processes. It\u2019s important to learn from IDPs\nabout peace-making and the building of community\nrelations. There are good examples of government\nsupport for such efforts through social solidarity\nregional programme, for example launched by the\nUkrainian Ministry of Temporary Occupied Territories\nand IDPs.\n\n\n\nThe Guiding Principles also recognise that IDPs\nmore clearly understand their situation than anyone:\nthe causes of displacement and what they need to\nresolve the situation. IDPs from South Sudan and\nPhilippines confirmed this and stated peace would\nbe more sustainable if built from the ground up with\nan inclusive approach. Returns are often pushed by\nimpatient negotiators seeking good news and tangible\nsigns of progress from stalled processes. However,\nthe premature return of displaced persons to their\nhomes, in the absence of security and sustainability,\ncan lead quickly to new displacement and new\ninstability, as we see in Afghanistan today. Displaced\npersons themselves are best positioned to know\nwhen it is wise and safe to return to their homes, and\ntheir voices on this crucial question must be heard\nand respected. Further, they must be allowed to\nadvocate for fair treatment, including compensation:\nwhy should ex-combatants be the only ones receiving\nassistance packages, training opportunities and\ngovernment employment? The link to mine action\nand the safety of return is a critical reason why the\nneeds of IDPs must be included in peace agreements,\nso that the focus of mine clearance isn\u2019t limited to\narterial routes and government bases. The African\nUnion Convention for the Protection and Assistance\nof Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Art.3(2)\n(e)) - provides a helpful example in requiring that its\nprinciples must be included in peace agreements and\n\n\n\n4 PEACE AGREEMENTS AND THE ROAD TO RESOLVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "processes- the intention of the African Union was to\ntransform peace-making in Africa.\n\n\nThe experience of the implementation of the Dayton\nAgreement, as well as the situation in NagornoKarabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Kosovo and\nthe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is that the\nposition of IDPs can become complicated if the status\nof the territory from which they come isn\u2019t under\nthe effective control of the government and isn\u2019t\nsettled. The question becomes whether people from\nthose areas are still \u201cinternally displaced\u201d. Therefore,\ndecisions about territory must also factor in the status\nof the people who belong there. A connected problem\nis that property issues and claims for restitution and\ncompensation have a direct impact on the peace\nprocess (e.g. in Colombia), in restoring peace and\nmaintaining peace. Respect for property rights should\nbe meaningfully upheld. Special attention within the\nreconciliation process should be paid to the assurance\nof compensation and restitution mechanisms for lost,\ndestroyed, or occupied housing, land, and property.\n\n\nThe experience of peace agreements and processes\nin South Sudan, Kenya, the Philippines and elsewhere\nreveals that the issue of transitional justice and\nreconciliation is important to IDPs and can impact\npeace processes (see The Agreement on the\nResolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South\nSudan, done at Addis Ababa, 17 August 2015). The\nexamples of Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Zimbabwe,\nwhere conflicts ended with brutal conquest and no\npeace agreement shows the dangers of not identifying\nwhat holds people together and can lead to cycles of\nviolence. Conflict management, including upholding\nrespect for the rules of international humanitarian\nlaw, is vital for peace processes and agreements,\nwhich can be derailed by bitter experiences of\nviolence and oppression.\n\n\nWith a foot in the place of displacement and a foot in\nthe place of origin, IDPs can be a bridge in regulating\nconflict and it is important to include them in peacemaking but IDPs suffer high levels of poverty and\nother difficulties in participation, such as limited\naccess to information; we need to examine how IDPs\ncan organise themselves in order to take advantage\nof opportunities for inclusion and giving voice. There\nis a need to create structures to penetrate blockages\nto IDP participation in peace agreements and there\nis a role for Protection Clusters to play because of\ntheir proximity to conflict-affected people, as well\nas their ability to bring together a wide variety of\nactors, including humanitarian, government and civil\nsociety in order to advance peacebuilding. The role\n\n\n\nof local institutions should be emphasised including\nNational Human Rights Institutions and Parliamentary\nCommittees on Human Rights and IDP issues. The\nexperience of UNHCR in facilitating the participation\nof refugees in peace processes is a useful guide to how\nbarriers to participation can be overcome.\n\n\nWomen are often doubly affected by discrimination\nand exclusion from peace processes as woman and\nas IDPs. Nonetheless, there are some good examples\nof the role of women, including IDP women, in peace\nagreements and processes, e.g. the Philippines and\nNorthern Ireland, and Security Council Resolution\n1325 foresees such a role for women. Women\u2019s\ngroups have embraced Resolution 1325 as the basis\nfor their participation in peacebuilding. In Cyprus, this\ntook the form of the Technical Committee of Gender\nEquality, which was established in 2015 as formal\nbody attached to official peace negotiations. However,\nwomen are often disillusioned by their exclusion\nfrom Track One negotiations and while internally\ndisplaced women are some of the most organized\nIDPs, their voice often does not project beyond the\ngrassroots level. This is why it is important to establish\nframeworks and strategies to implement SCR1325.\n\n\nToo often, peace processes are about the peace table:\nthere is an equation of process with negotiation\nand it means that resources are devoted to the\nnegotiation and too little attention is given to the\nrange of formal and informal social processes that\ncontribute to peace, particularly at the grassroots\nlevel (eg. Georgia network \u201cSynergy\u201d). There is a need\nfor simultaneous horizontal and vertical engagement\nin various pathways to peace. Official talks should be\nlinked to informal processes, for example by finding\nopportunities for groups to be represented in formal\ntalks. There is not one but multiple pathways to peace\nand they should be linked.\n\n\nIt is important to note that peace negotiations usually\ntake place between those who have done the fighting\nand can be tightly linked to political parties; this tends\nto solidify inequalities that gave rise to the conflict in\nthe first place and rewards those who take up arms\nor opposition; for this reason, peace deals rarely\nwork without supporting actions. Peace processes\nunderline the importance of speaking not only to\ngroups but also to individuals because some people\nhave never been treated justly by the rest of the\npopulation.\n\n\nThe Tolstoyan maxim that \u201call happy families are\nalike; unhappy families are unhappy in their own way\u201d\napplies equally to peace processes and it\u2019s necessary\n\n\n\nGPC CONFERENCE REPORT 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to understand and analyse local dynamics otherwise\nthe process becomes unstuck e.g. in Mindanao.\nWithout consulting individuals there is a danger that\ndecisions are made on assumptions of what IDPs want\nand not what they are actually saying; women\u2019s roles\nin particular are closely defined and it can be assumed\nthat they do not have a voice/opinion on peace\narrangements: the case of Loizidou v Turkey (ECtHR\nApplication No.15318/89) shows what can happen\nwhen individuals take action themselves when they\nare not listened to.\n\n\nThere is a tendency to think that once parties get to\nan agreement then that\u2019s the end of the conflict; but\nagreements are the point of departure and represent\nonly the ambitions of a small number of participants in\nthe conflict; often, they are never fully implemented\ne.g. the Good Friday Agreement.\n\n\nThe process of peace-making can be as important\nas outcomes. In the Philippines, there has been less\nemphasis on negotiations and more interconnected\nTracks, for example in the six paths to peace in the\nMindanao peace process, which has an iterative,\nbroad based agenda for inclusion of minorities,\nwomen, IDPs and is essentially a conversation about\nwhat society people want to see. Participation of the\ncitizenry in peace processes should be as plural as\npossible, including IDPs and the various groups within\naccording to age, gender and diversity. The example of\nCyprus shows the plurality of the voices of internally\n\n\n\ndisplaced women which may be especially crucial in\nprotracted conflict contexts. Special care should be\ntaken to avoid marginalisation and social exclusion\nof IDPs, which obstructs reconciliation. Psychosocial\nand other assistance to decrease the vulnerability of\nconflict-affected persons can be an important step\ntowards social trust and access to rights required for\nreconciliation. Access to psychosocial care and posttraumatic stress disorder treatment may also be an\nimportant component of ensuring social cohesion and\nlasting peace, as it is often essential in responding to\nthe effects of violence on victims and paving the road\nfor societal integration.\n\n\nThis echoes an important lesson from previous\nconflicts, for example in El Salvador, in that IDPs\nmust articulate what they want their country to\nbe; in a crisis there is an opportunity to think of the\nfuture because people who did not live together\nbefore now have to, so there is a possibility for\nmutual understanding and a more cohesive society. A\nfurther example of this would be the Crimean Tatars,\npreviously seen as unwelcome, who are now praised.\n\n\nThe Secretary-General\u2019s Report 2012 highlights\nthe requirement of inclusivity in peace agreements;\ninclusion is also a theme in the Sustainable\nDevelopment Goals; in the same vein, inclusive\ndecision making is fundamental to sustaining peace;\nthis emphasis on inclusion represents a shift at the\ninternational norm level.\n\n\n\n6 PEACE AGREEMENTS AND THE ROAD TO RESOLVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 2. UKRAINE\n\n#### \uf111 \uf111 \uf111 \uf111\n\nSince 2014, over 4.4 million people have been affected\nby the conflict in Ukraine. The government estimates\nthat more than 1.5 million people have been internally\ndisplaced, of whom 66% are women and children.\nApproximately 800,000 people live along the contact\nline, which separates the government controlled and\nnon-government controlled areas (NGCA), where\nsecurity is fragile and access to government services\nminimal.\n\n\nThe number of IDPs who intend to stay in areas of\ndisplacement is rising and in 2018 for the first time\nhas exceeded the number of IDPs who intend to\nreturn to their areas of origin. At the same time, IDPs\nare often excluded from civic participation in their\nhost communities, whether due to lack of trust, loss\nof social networks, or discrimination based on their\nplace of origin and this can lead to a lack of sense of\nbelonging. In addition, this marginalisation obstructs\ntheir inclusion in any reconciliation process.\n\n\nTensions have developed between IDPs and some host\ncommunities, particularly where resources are scarce\nand there is competition or perceived competition\nfor places in schools, access to government services,\naccommodation, goods and employment. Feelings of\nintegration have fluctuated among IDPs. The burden\non displaced and conflict-affected women, the elderly,\nand the disabled, has been compounded by the lack of\navailable social services. The gender and age bias in\nthe Ukraine\u2019s labour market does not help internally\ndisplaced women and elderly rebuild their lives. The\nelderly often become dependent on their children as\na result and internally displaced men face a \u2018crisis of\nmasculinity\u2019 that has in some cases manifest itself in\naddictions and deterioration of mental health. Women\nare often responsible for ensuring their families\u2019\nsocial and economic well-being and meeting these\nresponsibilities in conflict-affected communities\nand in situations of displacement is particularly\nonerous. Ukraine is implementing SCR 1325 through\nits National Action Plan, which was adopted in\nFebruary 2016, and aims at contributing towards the\nelimination of cultural barriers that hinder the full\nparticipation of women in all aspects of negotiations\nand resolution of conflicts and/or matters of peace\nand security at the national level.\n\n\n\nA quarter of the population or up to 10 million\nUkrainians, either participated in the conflict or are a\nfamily member of close friend of someone who served\nin the armed forces during the war. This group is more\nlikely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder,\nexhibit more aggression and intolerance and has lower\nempathy, social skills and family cohesion. In addition,\nit is estimated that up to one third of internally\ndisplaced people suffer from PTSD. Effective\nrehabilitation and outreach programs could have\nstrong impact on improving tolerance and support for\nan inclusive Ukrainian identity and are essential for\nsuccessful integration.\n\n\nFour years of conflict have significantly affected the\nenjoyment of social and economic rights of Ukrainian\ncitizens, living in the non-government controlled\nareas of Ukraine, who cannot access their bank\naccounts, social entitlements, pensions or registration\ndocuments unless they are registered as IDPs in the\ngovernment controlled areas. As a result, elderly\nIDPs are among the most marginalised in Ukraine and\nsuffer a stigma of being \u201cpension tourists,\u201d because\nmany need to travel to government controlled areas\nto access their pensions. This creates a negative image\nand discourages social cohesion and reconciliation.\nIn addition, the restrictions on freedom of movement\nbetween the government controlled and nongovernment controlled areas, and the ongoing ban\non all commercial cargo across the \u2018contact line\u2019\ncontributes to the alienation of people living in the\nnon-government controlled area.\n\n\nCases of involuntary return to the NGCA have been\ndocumented, as some IDPs are not able to meet\ntheir basic needs in the government controlled\nareas, and this number is increasing given the\nsuspension of social benefits and pensions to many\nIDPs in the first part of 2016. There have also been\nreports about tension between returning IDPs and\nthe non-displaced population due to their different\nexperiences during the conflict, as well as of human\nrights violations on both sides of the conflict.\n\n\nPeacebuilding and reconciliation are strongly\nconnected to these protection concerns and can\nadvance durable solutions in Ukraine. Durable\nsolutions are needed to allow conflict-affected\n\n\n\nGPC CONFERENCE REPORT 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "8 PEACE AGREEMENTS AND THE ROAD TO RESOLVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "people to rebuild their lives and their communities.\nPeacebuilding contributes to repatriation efforts by\ncreating a more stable environment to which IDPs can\nreturn, or within which IDPs can integrate. Improving\ninfrastructure and access to services means that IDPs\nwill not have to relocate to search for access to shelter\nand basic needs. Promotion of peaceful conflict\nresolution mechanisms, provision of basic services,\nand development of equal employment opportunities\nare all peacebuilding activities that can begin even as\nthe conflict continues. Universities relocated from\nNGCA and Crimea to the Government-controlled\nareas, student exchange programmes and civil\nsociety organisations can also be conduits of peace\nas students in Ukraine have been active in addressing\nsocial issues linked to displacement.\n\n\nIncreasing opportunities for dialogue promotes\nhealing within a community, with related improved\npsychosocial effects, as well as making integration and\nrelocation into host communities more sustainable.\nSimilar reconciliation activities, such as community\ndialogues, can support the process of integrating\nIDPs into host communities, reducing the possibility\nof secondary displacement. This dialogue can also\nease tensions between IDPs and host communities.\nThe common culture among Ukrainians is a valuable\nfoundation upon which dialogue and integration\ncan be fostered. Displaced universities can provide\na venue for generation of such dialogue and\nintegration. Reconciliation efforts are also essential\nin repatriation efforts, especially when displacement\nhas disproportionately impacted marginalized groups.\nActivities such as legal assistance, promotion of\naccess to justice, and psychosocial assistance also\npromote healing, reconciliation, and social cohesion by\naddressing the harms suffered because of the conflict.\n\n\nIn an effort to promote IDP inclusion in local\ncommunities the Government of Ukraine has taken a\nnumber of steps starting with the adoption of the twoyear Comprehensive State programme on support\nof social adaptation and reintegration of people who\nmoved from NGCA and Crimea in December 2015.\nIn April 2016 a Ministry of Temporarily Occupied\nTerritories and Internally Displaced Persons\nwas created with promotion of peacebuilding,\nreconstruction, and development of the Donetsk and\nLuhansk regions being one of its core mandates. The\nGovernment recognizes that collective efforts among\ngovernment, IDPs, civil society and international\norganisations can improve the situation. In June\n2016, the Ukrainian Parliament passed a series of\nreforms of the judicial system aimed at improving\nappointments and assessments of judges as well as the\n\n\n\nstructure of the courts system. The government has\nalso supported the expansion of legal aid centres to\nprovide free legal assistance throughout Ukraine, and\nassisted with housing solutions for IDPs shared by the\nnational and local budgets.\n\n\nIn December 2017, the government adopted the State\nTarget Recovery and Peacebuilding Programme in the\nEastern Regions of Ukraine that envisages stimulating\nsocio-economic development of local communities to\nimprove social resilience and stimulating economic\nactivities. Under this program reintegration activities\nsuch as improvement of conditions at the checkpoints\nacross the contact line, assistance of crossing the\ncontact line, protection of children, access to goods\nand administrative services are to be conducted by\nall state agencies and governmental bodies situated\nin the areas along the contact line in governmentcontrolled areas. The program recognizes the\nimportance of \u2018people to people\u2019 diplomacy as a key\ninstrument and promotes reintegration through\naccess to education.\n\n\nAdditionally, the government has recognized the need\nto include women in peacebuilding efforts, aiming to\nhave a certain percentage of women participating in\npeacekeeping operations, negotiations, administrative\nbodies, and the security sector. At the same time,\nIDPs highlight the need to operationalize adopted\nstrategies and action plan and allocate funding for\nits implementation. Also, there is a need to raise\nawareness among IDPs on existing instruments\nand opportunities as, a survey found in March 2018\nthat half of IDPs were unaware of the government\u2019s\nstrategy for integration of IDPs.\n\n\nMany civil society and international organizations\nare already implementing peacebuilding and\nreconciliation activities in Ukraine. These activities\ninclude initiatives to build dialogue, promote good\ngovernance and empower displaced communities.\nProtection Cluster partners are working with IDPs\nto raise their awareness about these processes and\nthe opportunities they offer for participation in\ndecision-making, planning and budgeting processes\nat community level. A comprehensive support\nprogramme to the government for implementation\nof the Women, Peace and Security agenda includes\nintegration of gender-sensitivity and responsiveness\nto security reform, defence reform, and mediation.\nAn economic and social recovery project to increase\nemployment and rebuild infrastructure in the Donbas\nregion is also underway. There is also an ongoing\nsupport for decentralization and strengthening local\ngovernance.\n\n\n\nGPC CONFERENCE REPORT 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Several civil society institutions have conducted\nsurveys regarding national dialogue and attitudes in\nUkraine. They have published recommendations for\nstate policy, including building consensus on future\ndevelopment, drafting state policy on national unity,\nprioritizing decentralization alongside reintegration\nof Crimea and Non-Government Controlled Areas of\nDonetsk and Luhansk, building stronger relationships\nbetween government and civil society, and promoting\ninclusive dialogue.\n\n\nAlthough the conflict in Ukraine is ongoing,\nthere are nonetheless opportunities to enhance\nUkraine\u2019s peacebuilding and reconciliation process.\nMany humanitarian and development agencies in\nUkraine are taking steps to promote peacebuilding\nand reconciliation in their work. The Ukraine\nProtection Cluster has developed a Guidance\nNote on Peacebuilding and Reconciliation which\nprovides practical guidance on how to operationalize\npeacebuilding and reconciliation, including examples\nfrom other contexts, as well as key recommendations.\nAlthough the Minsk Process does not envisage\nopportunities for participation of representatives\nof IDPs in Trilateral Contact Group and its working\ngroups, nonetheless horizontal engagement on IDPs\nin peacebuilding initiatives is essential. Given that\nwomen have played a key role in IDP communitybased organizations advocating for IDPs rights, the\nResolution 1325 can be used as a platform to magnify\ntheir voices and to promote their equal participation\nand full involvement in all peacebuilding efforts.\n\n\n\n**TO TAKE FORWARD:**\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb The Government of Ukraine to engage IDPs in\ndiscussions on policies that affect their access\nto rights, prospects for durable solutions and\nparticipation in peace processes.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb The Government of Ukraine to operationalize\nimplementation of the State Target Recovery\nand Peacebuilding Programme in the Eastern\nRegions of Ukraine and allocate funding for its\nimplementation.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb Protection Cluster in Ukraine to promote\ninitiatives aimed at strengthening IDP\nparticipation in decision making and governance at\nthe local and national level, including advocacy on\nIDP voting rights.\n\n\n\u00bb \u00bb Humanitarian, early recovery and development\nactors to support dialogue, in particular at grassroot level.\n\n\n\n10 PEACE AGREEMENTS AND THE ROAD TO RESOLVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/566ebdbb-9133-3d0d-a907-2f2263c9e226/unhcr-gpc-conference_report-kyiv.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_943/raw/doc_943_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_943/raw/doc_943_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index f2149353e0e918b716f031afd78393a91feba4ca..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_943/raw/doc_943_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "This question formed the basis of a mapping and\n[analysis conducted in 2023 by Humanitarian and](http://www.humanitarianconsulting.com.au/)\n[Development Consulting for the United Nations High](http://www.humanitarianconsulting.com.au/)\n[Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United](https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home)\n[Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)](https://www.undrr.org/)\n[and the Platform on Disaster Displacement (PDD).](https://disasterdisplacement.org/)\n[It was developed as an update to the Mapping](https://disasterdisplacement.org/resource/drrmapping/)\n[the Baseline: To What Extent Are Displacement](https://disasterdisplacement.org/resource/drrmapping/)\n[and Other Forms of Human Mobility Integrated](https://disasterdisplacement.org/resource/drrmapping/)\n[in National and Regional Disaster Risk Reduction](https://disasterdisplacement.org/resource/drrmapping/)\n[Strategies? report, published in 2018.](https://disasterdisplacement.org/resource/drrmapping/)\n\n\nHuman mobility, particularly displacement and\nmigration, can be a driver and consequence\nof disasters, creating or exacerbating specific\nchallenges, vulnerabilities and needs among affected\nor at-risk populations. Integrating human mobility\nin DRR strategies and related instruments is an\n[important element of implementing the Sendai](https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030)\n[Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030](https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030)\n(Sendai Framework) with its emphasis on peoplecentred and rights-based approaches to DRR.\n\n\n\nThe Sendai Framework recognises displacement\nas a major global consequence of disasters, with\n[the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting](https://www.undrr.org/publication/political-declaration-high-level-meeting-midterm-review-sendai-framework-disaster-risk)\n[on the midterm review of the Sendai Framework](https://www.undrr.org/publication/political-declaration-high-level-meeting-midterm-review-sendai-framework-disaster-risk)\n[(A/RES/77/289) noting the need to promote DRR](https://www.undrr.org/publication/political-declaration-high-level-meeting-midterm-review-sendai-framework-disaster-risk)\npolicies, strategies and actions that reduce the risk\nof displacement in the context of disasters.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a12c15d0-5143-4b23-a7e3-98780224163f/unhcr-mapping-report-on-human-mobility-on-drr-strategies-single-page-high-quality-version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "climate change, urbanisation and other challenges\nare linked, and must be addressed in an integrated\nmanner, particularly in fragile and conflict settings.\n\n**\u2022** **Knowledge Base:** Extended research is needed to\nexpand the knowledge base further and develop\nrobust findings and recommendations on ways to\nstrengthen the integration of human mobility in\nDRR strategies and related instruments.\n\n\nFor example, further mapping, research or case\nstudies on the extent to which: human mobility\nin the context of disaster risk is addressed in\nother national and potentially sub-national\ninstruments; key human mobility provisions in\nnational DRR strategies are being effectively\nimplemented; and DRR strategies and related\ninstruments link with other national instruments\nrelating to human mobility or climate change\nadaptation to promote policy coherence.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nto enable effective implementation of DRR\nstrategies by national counterparts, including\nthrough resource allocation, clear definitions and\nestablishment of roles and responsibilities as well\nas mechanisms of accountability.\n\n\nSuch Tools and Guidance Include: the\n[Words into Action Guidelines, Checklist and](https://www.undrr.org/words-into-action/disaster-displacement-how-reduce-risk-address-impacts-and-strengthen-resilience)\n[eLearning on Disaster Displacement, the](https://www.undrr.org/words-into-action/disaster-displacement-how-reduce-risk-address-impacts-and-strengthen-resilience)\n[Displacement Indicators for Disaster Risk](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/inline-files/iom-idmc-disaster-displacement-indicators-final.pdf)\n[Reduction, the forthcoming Disaster Resilience](https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/inline-files/iom-idmc-disaster-displacement-indicators-final.pdf)\n[Scorecard for Cities: Disaster Displacement](https://mcr2030.undrr.org/disaster-resilience-scorecard-cities)\n[Addendum, regional DRR strategies in line](https://mcr2030.undrr.org/disaster-resilience-scorecard-cities)\nwith the Sendai Framework, and other global\ninstruments and processes related to sustainable\ndevelopment, climate action, peace and security\nand urban resilience.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a12c15d0-5143-4b23-a7e3-98780224163f/unhcr-mapping-report-on-human-mobility-on-drr-strategies-single-page-high-quality-version.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_944/raw/doc_944_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_944/raw/doc_944_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index b0389c6adb5688519bbb56516e5ca98053af1be4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_944/raw/doc_944_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,871 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n##### Using Evidence in Advocacy, Policy and Programmes to Support Sustainable Responses in Forced Displacement Se\ufffdngs\n\nVolume 3 | July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n#### Sustainable Responses Hinge on Socioeconomic Data and Evidence\n\n\nForced displacement is a global crisis that calls for enhanced coopera\ufffdon across humanitarian,\ndevelopment and peace actors. Around the world, millions have been forced from their homes \u2013\nnot by choice, but by war, persecu\ufffdon and famine; and more than a million children born as\nrefugees face uncertain futures.\n\nThe Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) lays out a framework for shared responsibility. It calls for\npolicies that respect rights, expand access to livelihoods, and support refugees and the\ncommuni\ufffdes that host them. A shi\ufffd towards more sustainable responses \u2013 rooted in self-reliance\nand inclusion in na\ufffdonal systems \u2013 helps realize the GCR objec\ufffdves affirmed by the UN General\nAssembly in 2018.\n\nSocioeconomic data and evidence are essen\ufffdal to sustainable responses. They jus\ufffdfy new\napproaches, inform programme design, guide implementa\ufffdon and support monitoring. By\nassessing the needs of both refugees and host communi\ufffdes, governments, humanitarian agencies\nand development partners can develop evidence-based strategies that address immediate needs\nwhile fostering long-term resilience. That means inves\ufffdng in inclusive na\ufffdonal educa\ufffdon and\nhealth systems, employment opportuni\ufffdes and ini\ufffda\ufffdves that protect refugees and enable their\ncontribu\ufffdon to local economies.\n\nThe need is urgent. Millions of displaced Sudanese need more than emergency aid \u2013 they need\naccess to schools and jobs. Syrians returning home a\ufffder more than a decade of displacement need\nsupport to reintegrate and rebuild. Across refugee-hos\ufffdng contexts, sound policy depends on good\ndata.\n\nThis report highlights how governments, UNHCR and partners are leveraging socioeconomic data\nand evidence to guide policy, shape programming and inform advocacy. In places where data gaps\nremain, UNHCR is inves\ufffdng in efforts \u2013 developed with na\ufffdonal sta\ufffds\ufffdcs offices \u2013 to lay the\ngroundwork for be\ufffder planning with development partners.\n\nSuppor\ufffdng refugees and host communi\ufffdes requires crea\ufffdng the condi\ufffdons for families to be selfreliant. When people can work, learn and par\ufffdcipate in society, displacement shi\ufffds from being\nsolely a humanitarian challenge to a chance for growth and renewal.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Socioeconomic Data", - "confidence": 0.959761917591095, - "start": 14, - "end": 16 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UN General\nAssembly", - "confidence": 0.54396653175354, - "start": 148, - "end": 151 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "global", - "confidence": 0.8143028020858765, - "start": 22, - "end": 23 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic data", - "confidence": 0.8003009557723999, - "start": 324, - "end": 326 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7733978033065796, - "start": 314, - "end": 315 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7214174866676331, - "start": 319, - "end": 320 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n## Featured Examples\n\n\nFrom Percep\ufffdons to Facts: Evidence Shows How Refugees and Migrants Contribute to Costa\nRica\u2019s Economy | _Box: Strengthened policy dialogue in La\ufffdn America through joint evidence_\n_genera\ufffdon_ ...................................................................................................................................1\n\n\nStudies Inform Landmark Policy Changes in Kenya | _Box: Progress on na\ufffdonal sta\ufffds\ufffdcal_\n_inclusion across East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes_ .....................................................3\n\n\nUnderstanding Economic Vulnerability Among Ukrainian Refugees and IDPs: Insights for Policy\nand Programming........................................................................................................................5\n\n\nMarket Assessment Data Promotes Private Sector Engagement in Bangladesh | _Box: Rohingya_\n_refugees added to 2025 Mul\ufffdple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)_ ...................................................6\n\n\nPlanning for Refugee Returns in South Sudan: Evidence Reveals Service Gaps for Priori\ufffdzed\nInvestment | _Box: South Sudan leads with new UNHCR Forced Displacement Survey_ ................8\n\n\nEnabling Na\ufffdonal Policies in Brazil Through Analy\ufffdcs...............................................................10\n\n\nFrom Numbers to Impact: Mauritania\u2019s Model for Refugee-Inclusive Planning | _Box: Middle_\n_East and North Africa: suppor\ufffdng governments in implemen\ufffdng GRF pledges._ ..................... _._ .11\n\n\nAnalysis that Shines a Light on Refugee Self-Reliance in Togo | _Box: West and Central Africa:_\n_opportuni\ufffdes for evidence to make a difference_ .......................................................................13\n\n\nTaking Stock of the Costs and Benefits of Socioeconomic Inclusion......................................... 15\n\n\nThis publica\ufffdon was managed by the Research and Analy\ufffdcs Unit of the Division of Resilience and\nSolu\ufffdons (DRS), with country examples provided by UNHCR economists embedded in Regional\nBureaux and Country Opera\ufffdons. Special thanks to the DRS leadership for their overall guidance\nand support.\n\nCover photo: UNHCR provides lifesaving services to South Sudanese returnees fleeing conflict in\nSudan. Assistance helps families rebuild their lives through essen\ufffdal aid, onward transport and\ndurable solu\ufffdons in return areas. \u00a9 UNHCR/Reason Moses Runyanga\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### From Percep\ufffdons to Facts: Evidence Shows How Refugees and Migrants Contribute to Costa Rica\u2019s Economy\n\n\nCosta Rica has a strong tradi\ufffdon of hospitality toward refugees and migrants. But as fiscal\n\ncondi\ufffdons \ufffdghten, host communi\ufffdes o\ufffden perceive their arrival, most notably from Nicaragua,\nas an economic strain rather than an opportunity. To bring facts into the conversa\ufffdon, UNHCR\npartnered with the Interna\ufffdonal Monetary Fund and the Inter-American Development Bank to\ndevelop an analysis featured in the **IMF Country Report** that profiled the Nicaraguan popula\ufffdon\nand quan\ufffdfied its economic impact.\n\nThe findings are clear: Nicaraguan refugees and migrants play a vital role in Costa Rica\u2019s economy.\nTheir labour force par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon helps offset an ageing workforce, and their tax contribu\ufffdons\nsurpass the costs of hos\ufffdng them. Yet, they remain economically vulnerable, earning less than\nCosta Ricans in similar jobs.\n\n\nThese insights have driven policy discussions at the highest levels. The IMF incorporated the\n\nanalysis into its **Ar\ufffdcle IV consulta\ufffdon**, influencing macroeconomic guidance, while **Costa Rican**\n**media** used the findings to inform a na\ufffdonal debate on labour market inclusion.\n\nThe studies also explored gender dynamics in the workforce. They found that Costa Rican women,\n\npar\ufffdcularly high-skilled ones, benefit from the presence of Nicaraguan workers who complement\nrather than compete for jobs. But fair working condi\ufffdons are a concern, especially in domes\ufffdc\nwork, where professionaliza\ufffdon and legal protec\ufffdons would benefit both groups.\n\nBy genera\ufffdng robust and credible evidence, UNHCR and its partners are be\ufffder posi\ufffdoned to\nadvocate for policies that recognize refugees and migrants as economic contributors and enable\ntheir inclusion in all areas of society.\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n\n\n\n\n2 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### Studies Inform Landmark Policy Changes in Kenya\n\n\nKenya has long hosted a significant refugee and stateless popula\ufffdon, and expanding their\n\neconomic inclusion has become increasingly central to both individual well-being and local\ndevelopment. Recent investments in data and evidence have been instrumental in shaping policy\ndialogue and informing government-led efforts to improve access to jobs, social protec\ufffdon and\nessen\ufffdal services. This growing evidence base helped underpin the Government of Kenya\u2019s\nendorsement of the **Shirika Plan**, which aims to transform camps into se\ufffdlements that func\ufffdon\nas economic hubs, where inclusion in public services, development and opportunity will replace\nlong-term dependence on humanitarian aid.\n\n\nA major ini\ufffda\ufffdve making a difference is the **Kenya Longitudinal Study of Refugees and Host**\n\n**Communi\ufffdes (K-LSR)**, a partnership between UNHCR, the World Bank and the University of\nCalifornia, Berkeley. The ongoing panel survey tracks the socioeconomic integra\ufffdon of refugees\nover \ufffdme, collec\ufffdng data on income, employment and barriers to economic par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon. Its\ninsights have shaped innova\ufffdve programming in refugee-hos\ufffdng areas and informed the design\nof the Shirika Plan. As implementa\ufffdon advances, the data will be invaluable for evalua\ufffdng\nprogress and impact. Notably, K-LSR data also informed the inclusion of refugees in Kenya\u2019s\nNa\ufffdonal Financial Inclusion Strategy (2025-27) \u2013 a founda\ufffdonal step towards long-term\nsocioeconomic inclusion.\n\nSimilarly, a **socioeconomic study on the Shona community** illustrates the value of \ufffdmely data in\nsuppor\ufffdng policy shi\ufffds. A\ufffder Kenya granted ci\ufffdzenship to the formerly stateless Shona\npopula\ufffdon, a follow-up study found marked improvements in access to employment, educa\ufffdon\nand financial services, demonstra\ufffdng the tangible economic and social benefits of legal\nrecogni\ufffdon. The findings reinforce the case for gran\ufffdng ci\ufffdzenship to stateless groups elsewhere.\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Kenya Longitudinal Study of Refugees and Host", - "confidence": 0.8182007670402527, - "start": 152, - "end": 159 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "panel survey", - "confidence": 0.7571558356285095, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "K-LSR", - "confidence": 0.7468500137329102, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.688585102558136, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9985074400901794, - "start": 18, - "end": 19 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Refugees", - "confidence": 0.9700921773910522, - "start": 156, - "end": 157 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic study on the Shona community", - "confidence": 0.9578425884246826, - "start": 302, - "end": 308 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8100050091743469, - "start": 393, - "end": 394 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.929271399974823, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9387997984886169, - "start": 396, - "end": 397 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Shona community", - "confidence": 0.6041839122772217, - "start": 306, - "end": 308 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n\n\n\n\n4 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### Understanding Economic Vulnerability Among Ukrainian Refugees and IDPs: Insights for Policy and Programming\n\n\nTo support more effec\ufffdve regional policy and programming in response to the Ukraine situa\ufffdon,\n\nUNHCR coordinated an interagency analysis of socioeconomic data collected through a survey\nconducted in 10 partner countries of the **Regional Refugee Response Plan** .\n\nThe resul\ufffdng **UNHCR-led report** highlights the con\ufffdnued economic vulnerability of Ukrainian\n\nrefugees in host countries. Despite progress, an es\ufffdmated 40% of refugees live in poverty a\ufffder\naccoun\ufffdng for the dispropor\ufffdonately high housing costs they face compared to their hosts.\nMoreover, while Ukrainian employment rates have nearly reached na\ufffdonal levels in all 10\ncountries, significant underemployment and skills mismatches con\ufffdnue to suppress income\ngrowth. These findings provide \ufffdmely and important insights, informing strategies that will\nstrengthen Ukrainians\u2019 socioeconomic inclusion.\n\nSimilar interagency analyses in 2024 already helped shape partners\u2019 strategies across the region.\nThe IMF, for instance, drew on findings from UNHCR\u2019s **Helping Hands** study into its influen\ufffdal\n**Ar\ufffdcle IV consulta\ufffdon** for Poland, no\ufffdng the contribu\ufffdons of Ukrainian refugees to the labour\nmarket and recommending further support in language training, social services, transporta\ufffdon\nand recogni\ufffdon of foreign creden\ufffdals. These recommenda\ufffdons complement evidence from a\nseparate **UNHCR-Deloi\ufffde** study, which found that Ukrainian refugees helped ease labour\nshortages and contributed significantly to Poland\u2019s economic growth.\n\n\nWithin Ukraine, UNHCR is also working to close key evidence gaps around internally displaced\npersons (IDPs). A recent study on **access to social protec\ufffdon** sheds light on how vulnerable\npopula\ufffdons, including IDPs, navigate the na\ufffdonal social protec\ufffdon system.\n\nThe strength and \ufffdmeliness of this analysis enabled UNHCR to bring together government officials,\ndevelopment partners and stakeholders for a **high-level event** focused on shaping more inclusive\napproaches to social protection.\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Regional Refugee Response Plan", - "confidence": 0.7388479113578796, - "start": 66, - "end": 70 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.941688060760498, - "start": 56, - "end": 57 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8797695636749268, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "10 partner countries", - "confidence": 0.5370936989784241, - "start": 59, - "end": 62 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.6087508201599121, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.5638611912727356, - "start": 186, - "end": 187 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Ukrainian Refugees", - "confidence": 0.8516703248023987, - "start": 16, - "end": 18 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n###### Market Assessment Data Promotes Private Sector Engagement in Bangladesh\n\n\nThe Rohingya refugee influx has now entered its eighth year, shi\ufffding from an emergency to a\n\nprotracted situa\ufffdon. Around 1.2 million Rohingya refugees live in Cox\u2019s Bazar and Bhasan Char,\nand their well-being depends on expanding opportuni\ufffdes for income genera\ufffdon and market\npar\ufffdcipa\ufffdon. UNHCR and its partners are working to expand livelihood opportuni\ufffdes and engage\nthe private sector to enhance refugees\u2019 self-reliance and support sustainable solu\ufffdons.\n\nWhile there are legal barriers around the right to work, own a business and move freely, informal\neconomies have taken root in Cox\u2019s Bazar and Bhasan Char. To be\ufffder understand how these\nmarkets func\ufffdon, UNHCR conducted the first market assessment of its kind in both loca\ufffdons in late\n2024.\n\nThe assessment reveals intricate supply chains that link Rohingya refugees and host communi\ufffdes,\nas well as how refugees\u2019 ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes contribute to the local economies of refugee-hos\ufffdng areas (see\nflow diagram). It also highlights exis\ufffdng constraints and opportuni\ufffdes that can be addressed and\nleveraged to unlock the poten\ufffdal of the large refugee and host popula\ufffdons and their markets.\n\nThese valuable data and insights offer an evidence base that is acutely relevant to ongoing policy\ndiscussions with government agencies, development partners and the private sector on expanding\nself-reliance and economic resilience for both refugees and host communi\ufffdes.\n\n\nThe market assessment complements a **UNHCR-World Bank study** comparing refugee livelihoods\nin two dis\ufffdnct se\ufffdlement contexts: the established camps of Cox\u2019s Bazar and the recently\ndeveloped, geographically isolated site of Bhasan Char. Leveraging data from the **Cox\u2019s Bazar Panel**\n**Survey**, the analysis shows significant differences in employment opportuni\ufffdes between both\nloca\ufffdons and a heavy reliance on interna\ufffdonal assistance to support humanitarian employment\nprogrammes. As donor support decreases, the studies make it clear that advancing market-driven\n\n\n6 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Market Assessment Data", - "confidence": 0.9860633015632629, - "start": 10, - "end": 13 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9867255687713623, - "start": 82, - "end": 83 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar and Bhasan Char", - "confidence": 0.5697689652442932, - "start": 135, - "end": 142 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7236880660057068, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.9938914775848389, - "start": 48, - "end": 50 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "market assessment", - "confidence": 0.982853889465332, - "start": 159, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9672411680221558, - "start": 155, - "end": 156 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "refugee-hos\ufffdng areas", - "confidence": 0.5784424543380737, - "start": 206, - "end": 210 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Rohingya refugees", - "confidence": 0.7417089939117432, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar Panel", - "confidence": 0.8982971906661987, - "start": 345, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9930042624473572, - "start": 354, - "end": 355 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR-World Bank", - "confidence": 0.8487062454223633, - "start": 301, - "end": 303 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Cox\u2019s Bazar", - "confidence": 0.8905459642410278, - "start": 323, - "end": 327 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8370479941368103, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n\nlivelihood op\ufffdons is urgent, both to strengthen local economies and foster social cohesion\nbetween refugees and host communi\ufffdes.\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n###### Planning for Refugee Returns in South Sudan: Evidence Reveals Service Gaps for Priori\ufffdzed Investment\n\n\nIn South Sudan, communi\ufffdes living with fragile infrastructure con\ufffdnue to receive South Sudanese\nreturnees and Sudanese refugees fleeing the conflict in Sudan, placing added pressure on\noverstretched public services.\n\nTo help local governments and communi\ufffdes prepare and respond, UNHCR partnered with the\nconsultancy Samuel Hall to conduct **community-based assessments** that iden\ufffdfy what returning\nfamilies need \u2013 such as schools, health services and clean water \u2013 and evaluate the quality of\nexis\ufffdng infrastructure across essen\ufffdal sectors. This work is part of a wider service gap analysis\nconducted by UNHCR, with support from EU-INTPA, across four key return areas in South Sudan:\nAweil, Torit/Magwi, Raja and Yei/Morobo. The goal is to provide a clearer, data-backed picture of\nwhere investments are most needed to support returnees, refugees and local communi\ufffdes.\n\n\nBy combining site visits, local consulta\ufffdons and data collec\ufffdon, the effort aims to ensure that\nplanning is rooted in the reali\ufffdes on the ground and priori\ufffdzes investments that are inclusive. For\nexample, in Aweil, a key des\ufffdna\ufffdon for people fleeing Sudan, the assessment found that local\nhealth services were already opera\ufffdng at full capacity. But it also pointed to solu\ufffdons, such as\nupgrading just three of nine health facili\ufffdes \u2013 rather than building new ones \u2013 to improve efficiency\nand meet rising demand. These findings are informing conversa\ufffdons with partners, including the\nEuropean Union, World Bank and UN-Habitat on investment priori\ufffdes, such as integrated\nse\ufffdlement planning that strengthens services for all.\n\n\n8 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "community-based assessments", - "confidence": 0.9800111055374146, - "start": 86, - "end": 88 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7818238735198975, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.6304322481155396, - "start": 15, - "end": 17 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "returning\nfamilies", - "confidence": 0.9068742990493774, - "start": 95, - "end": 97 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "service gap analysis", - "confidence": 0.829769492149353, - "start": 131, - "end": 134 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7765113115310669, - "start": 75, - "end": 76 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data collec\ufffdon", - "confidence": 0.8497316837310791, - "start": 201, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5755442380905151, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.5537111163139343, - "start": 150, - "end": 151 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.8653308153152466, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n\nAt the same \ufffdme, joint border monitoring with the IOM and the Government of South Sudan is\n\nproviding real-\ufffdme data on arrivals and the immediate needs of returnees, helping partners tailor\ntheir responses. A shared dashboard tracks movements and return inten\ufffdons, offering essen\ufffdal\ninsights into condi\ufffdons on the ground and guiding efforts to provide targeted assistance, as well\nas shaping reintegra\ufffdon programming aligned with na\ufffdonal development goals.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n###### Enabling Na\ufffdonal Policies in Brazil Through Analy\ufffdcs\n\n\nIn Brazil, UNHCR\u2019s partnership with the government con\ufffdnues to strengthen the na\ufffdonal response\nto the arrival of Venezuelan refugees and migrants. Now in its eighth year, the government-led\nvoluntary reloca\ufffdon programme, **Opera\ufffdon Welcome**, has adapted through ongoing assessments\nsupported by UNHCR. At its core, this approach reflects Brazil\u2019s commitment to inclusive\npolicymaking that aims to help Venezuelans rebuild their lives while contribu\ufffdng to the host\ncommuni\ufffdes.\n\nCollabora\ufffdon between UNHCR, Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Labour and Employment, and the World Bank\n\nhas helped track workforce trends among Venezuelan refugees and migrants through quarterly\n**policy briefs** on employment and economic inclusion. These briefs highlight persistent barriers\nfaced by vulnerable groups, such as low-skilled workers and single mothers, and have\nstrengthened programma\ufffdc connec\ufffdons between jobs, housing, and educa\ufffdon. These insights\nare guiding na\ufffdonal policy discussions and pairing job programmes with skills training and housing\nsupport for both refugees and host communi\ufffdes, helping families build more stable futures.\n\n\nBrazil has also made strides in inclusive data collec\ufffdon. In 2022, forcibly displaced popula\ufffdons\n\nwere included in the na\ufffdonal census for the first \ufffdme. This milestone was achieved through\nUNHCR\u2019s collabora\ufffdon with Brazil\u2019s na\ufffdonal sta\ufffds\ufffdcal office (IBGE), including training\nenumerators and engaging Venezuelan communi\ufffdes to encourage par\ufffdcipa\ufffdon. The resul\ufffdng\ndata has given authori\ufffdes a clearer picture of refugee demographics, which helps in the design of\neconomic and social plans that account for their presence.\n\nRefugee integra\ufffdon is also advancing through efforts to improve the recogni\ufffdon and accredita\ufffdon\n\nof refugee diplomas. A UNHCR study found that refugees with validated diplomas reported higher\nfamily incomes and be\ufffder quality of life. These findings have encouraged more universi\ufffdes to\nstreamline diploma valida\ufffdon processes for refugees, removing a cri\ufffdcal barrier to skilled\nemployment and suppor\ufffdng self-reliance.\n\n\n10 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "na\ufffdonal census", - "confidence": 0.9646806120872498, - "start": 254, - "end": 258 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7386581301689148, - "start": 269, - "end": 270 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.9886510372161865, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9639598727226257, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "resul\ufffdng\ndata", - "confidence": 0.937106192111969, - "start": 310, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Brazil", - "confidence": 0.824558436870575, - "start": 230, - "end": 231 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8230493664741516, - "start": 243, - "end": 244 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### From Numbers to Impact: Mauritania\u2019s Model for Refugee- Inclusive Planning\n\n\nIn Mauritania, a groundbreaking survey by UNHCR and the World Food Programme has provided\n\nthe first comprehensive snapshot of the living condi\ufffdons of over 118,000 Malian refugees, most\nof whom arrived a\ufffder renewed conflict in 2023. Their arrival has doubled the country\u2019s refugee\npopula\ufffdon, placing new demands on na\ufffdonal systems and services.\n\nThe data reveals urgent needs:\n\n - 76% of refugees arrived a\ufffder December 2023\n\n - 64% live in makeshi\ufffd shelters outside formal camps\n\n - 18% are experiencing homelessness\n\n - Only 3% of households have access to a latrine, making open defeca\ufffdon the norm\n\nThese findings are more than sta\ufffds\ufffdcs \u2013 they are a catalyst for change. The evidence is already\n\nshaping na\ufffdonal policy and programming. A **UNHCR-World Bank brief** is informing government\nplanning, guiding donor engagement and suppor\ufffdng UNHCR\u2019s strategic outreach at the highest\nlevels. The government agreed to an out-of-camp approach to the new refugee emergency, which\nallows for freedom of movement and investments to be directed towards a \u201cdevelopment\napproach\u201d. The data generated is essen\ufffdal for designing such an approach.\n\n\nCrucially, the data has sparked broader momentum for deeper, more inclusive analysis. There is\n\ngrowing demand to compare refugee and host community condi\ufffdons and to integrate refugee\ndata into na\ufffdonal surveys, such as:\n\n - Enqu\u00eate Permanente sur les Condi\ufffdons de Vie des M\u00e9nages (EPCV)\n\n - Labour Force Survey\n\n - UNICEF\u2019s Mul\ufffdple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7305813431739807, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9151937365531921, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8750221133232117, - "start": 33, - "end": 34 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.996840238571167, - "start": 17, - "end": 18 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.5442901253700256, - "start": 111, - "end": 112 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.9947432279586792, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Malian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8411897420883179, - "start": 56, - "end": 58 - }, - "is_used": "True", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Labour Force Survey", - "confidence": 0.8351136445999146, - "start": 310, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.7408577799797058, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6547482013702393, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5904737710952759, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Mul\ufffdple Indicator Cluster Surveys", - "confidence": 0.5310459136962891, - "start": 317, - "end": 323 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5910958051681519, - "start": 312, - "end": 313 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "MICS", - "confidence": 0.8715550303459167, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7041566967964172, - "start": 198, - "end": 199 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7306481003761292, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n\nIn partnership with Mauritania\u2019s na\ufffdonal sta\ufffds\ufffdcs office (ANSADE), UNHCR and the World Bank,\n\nwith the World Bank-UNHCR Joint Data Center, are helping embed refugee popula\ufffdons into\nna\ufffdonal data systems. This collabora\ufffdon is a model for how inclusive data can drive equitable,\nsustainable responses, ensuring no one is le\ufffd behind.\n\n\n\n\n\n12 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "na\ufffdonal data systems", - "confidence": 0.9213884472846985, - "start": 45, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7288202047348022, - "start": 23, - "end": 24 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mauritania", - "confidence": 0.9078816175460815, - "start": 7, - "end": 8 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.9519033432006836, - "start": 81, - "end": 82 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee popula\ufffdons", - "confidence": 0.7719502449035645, - "start": 40, - "end": 44 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### Analysis that Shines a Light on Refugee Self-Reliance in Togo\n\n\nIn Togo\u2019s Savanna region, where more than 90% of the country\u2019s refugee popula\ufffdon lives, UNHCR\npartnered with the government to carry out a socioeconomic survey to be\ufffder understand the living\ncondi\ufffdons of refugee families. The data also enabled the calcula\ufffdon of the **Self-Reliance Index**,\nproviding a clearer picture of how refugees are progressing toward greater self-reliance.\n\nThe analysis revealed significant vulnerabili\ufffdes across nearly all dimensions of well-being, with\nespecially acute challenges in economic and financial stability. Many refugees are heavily in debt,\nhighly dependent on humanitarian assistance and have limited access to employment. The data\nalso highlights key factors associated with self-reliance: refugees with access to electricity, a bank\naccount, income-genera\ufffdng ac\ufffdvi\ufffdes and an inten\ufffdon to remain in the community reported higher\nlevels of socioeconomic resilience.\n\nBuilding on these insights, UNHCR developed a roadmap for the Savanna region that outlines\npriority steps to strengthen refugee self-reliance. Guided by data and developed with partners, the\nframework helps ensure more targeted support, enabling refugees and host communi\ufffdes to earn\na living, access essen\ufffdal services and lay the groundwork for a more stable future.\n\n\n\n\n\nUNHCR / July 2025 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.9052563905715942, - "start": 54, - "end": 56 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "socioeconomic survey", - "confidence": 0.6391218304634094, - "start": 54, - "end": 56 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9541311860084534, - "start": 45, - "end": 46 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee families", - "confidence": 0.8815999627113342, - "start": 67, - "end": 69 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n\n\n\n\n14 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "USING EVIDENCE IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT SETTINGS\n\n###### Taking Stock of the Costs and Benefits of Socioeconomic Inclusion\n\n\nAs conflict and weather-related disasters push forced displacement to historic levels, governments\nface tough decisions around suppor\ufffdng people forced to flee and the costs to their countries and\nci\ufffdzens. The UN General Assembly (A/RES/78/184) has tasked UNHCR with leading a global effort\nto **measure the impact of hos\ufffdng, protec\ufffdng and assis\ufffdng refugees** - not just to iden\ufffdfy funding\ngaps, but to promote more equitable sharing of burden and responsibility.\n\nThis collabora\ufffdve effort between UNHCR, the\nWorld Bank and the Joint Data Centre on Forced\nDisplacement brings governments together to\nassess the costs of integra\ufffdng refugees into\nna\ufffdonal systems. The focus is on educa\ufffdon,\nhealthcare and basic subsistence \u2013 areas that\nmake up the lion\u2019s share of public expenditures\nand are essen\ufffdal for helping refugees rebuild\ntheir lives.\n\nWith displacement rising and budgets stretched,\nthese global cos\ufffdng exercises show that\ninves\ufffdng in sustainable solu\ufffdons, such as\nincluding refugees in na\ufffdonal schools, health\nsystems and local labour markets, is more urgent\nthan ever.\n\nDone right, these policies foster self-reliance,\nstrengthen host economies and reduce long-term aid dependency.\n\nThe global cost assessments provide a blueprint for understanding the fiscal impact of refugee\ninclusion, but real change happens at the na\ufffdonal level. Each country faces unique economic and\nsocial reali\ufffdes, and these cos\ufffdng frameworks can be adapted to help governments assess expenses\nmore accurately and shape policies that work within their country contexts.\n\nUNHCR and the World Bank are prepared to support **na\ufffdonal-level cos\ufffdng exercises upon request**,\nbuilding on the technical groundwork of the Measuring Impact ini\ufffda\ufffdve. They can assist\ngovernments in applying these models to develop evidence-based policies that strengthen host\ncommuni\ufffdes and promote refugee inclusion with sustainable financing.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "PUTTING DATA TO WORK\n\n### Pu\ufffdng Data to Work\n###### Using Evidence in Advocacy, Policy and Programmes to Support Sustainable Responses in Forced Displacement Se\ufffdngs\n\n\n16 UNHCR / July 2025\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cb6db9ba-217c-4af9-ad4a-3b673b2d9d43/unhcr-putting-data-to-work-using-evidence-forced-displacement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_945/raw/doc_945_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_945/raw/doc_945_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1102173d51d807136bd5ccbf304899556c139198..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_945/raw/doc_945_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**internes (PDI) au Mali a \u00e9t\u00e9 revu en avril 2017. L'analyse a mis en lumi\u00e8re l'ampleur**\n**des r\u00e9formes \u00e0 mener par le Mali afin d'\u00e9tablir un cadre normatif et institutionnel**\n**qui traite le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne du d\u00e9placement interne de mani\u00e8re globale et**\n**conform\u00e9ment aux normes fix\u00e9es par la Convention de Kampala et d'autres**\n**instruments de protection pertinents.**\n\n\n**Contexte**\n\n\nLe Mali fait face \u00e0 une crise de protection complexe avec une augmentation des incidents de protection et\nde graves violations des droits humains en 2020. Le pays est \u00e9galement confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une tendance\ninqui\u00e9tante de d\u00e9placements internes massifs et de mouvements transfrontaliers, en particulier dans le\nLiptako-Gourma qui est devenu l'\u00e9picentre de la crise. Le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es par le conflit a\nplus que doubl\u00e9 en un an, passant de 180 000 personnes en septembre 2019 \u00e0 320 000 en octobre 2020.\nDans le m\u00eame temps, les Maliens continuent de chercher refuge dans les pays voisins (Burkina Faso,\nMauritanie et Niger) apportant leur nombre \u00e0 150 000.\n\nA ce jour, au Mali, il n'existe pas de d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gislative ou r\u00e9glementaire des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\ninternes, d'une part, et des communaut\u00e9s d'accueil, d'autre part, ni de m\u00e9canisme sp\u00e9cifique pour lutter\ncontre les discriminations auxquelles elles peuvent \u00eatre confront\u00e9es. La possibilit\u00e9 pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es de faire valoir leurs droits et d'acc\u00e9der aux services sociaux de base reste \u00e9galement\nconsid\u00e9rablement entrav\u00e9e par le manque de documents d'\u00e9tat civil qui restent difficiles \u00e0 obtenir. Les\nstructures nationales impliqu\u00e9es dans la question du d\u00e9placement interne au Mali manquent d'un mandat\nclair et explicite ainsi que de ressources humaines, financi\u00e8res et mat\u00e9rielles d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 cet effet.\n\n\n**R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des actions**\n\n\nConscientes de ces d\u00e9fis, les autorit\u00e9s maliennes se sont engag\u00e9es dans l'\u00e9laboration d'un cadre normatif\net institutionnel relatif \u00e0 la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du pays.\n\n\n- Le Mali a marqu\u00e9 son engagement en faveur des droits des PDI, en signant la Convention de l'Union\nafricaine sur la protection et l'assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au Mali (Convention de Kampala)\nle 16 juin 2010 et en d\u00e9posant les instruments de ratification aupr\u00e8s de l'Union africaine en novembre\n2012.\n\n- En 2015, le gouvernement du Mali a demand\u00e9 l'appui de ses partenaires techniques, en particulier le\nHCR, pour soutenir le processus d'int\u00e9gration de la Convention de Kampala dans sa l\u00e9gislation\nnationale.\n\n- En avril 2016, le Minist\u00e8re de la Solidarit\u00e9 et de l'Action Humanitaire, par d\u00e9cision N \u00b0 2016-0109 /\nMSAHRN-SG, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le \u00ab Comit\u00e9 Technique de Domestication de la Convention de Kampala au Mali\n(CTDCK) \u00bb. Le comit\u00e9 est pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par le Ministre de la Solidarit\u00e9 et de l'Action humanitaire et la vicepr\u00e9sidence est assur\u00e9e par le Minist\u00e8re de la Justice. Il comprend des repr\u00e9sentants du Minist\u00e8re de\nl'Administration du Territoire, du Minist\u00e8re des Maliens de l'Ext\u00e9rieur, du Minist\u00e8re des Affaires\n\u00e9trang\u00e8res, du Minist\u00e8re de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9, des repr\u00e9sentants des commissions de l'Assembl\u00e9e nationale,\ndes repr\u00e9sentants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, de la Commission nationale des droits humains, de la Mission\nde l'Union africaine pour le Sahel au Mali, des repr\u00e9sentants du HCR, du PNUD, de la Croix-Rouge\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01b26ad3-7e31-3b06-bc13-8c6772050456/unhcr_-_briefing_note_-_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_publique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes au Mali.\n\n- En 2017, le HCR Mali a soutenu ce plan d'action en menant une \u00e9tude sur le cadre normatif et\ninstitutionnel relatif \u00e0 la protection des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes au Mali, avec le soutien du Global\nProtection Cluster (GPC), du Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) et le Centre de surveillance des\nd\u00e9placements internes (IDMC). Le rapport final de cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en avril 2017 [1] .\n\n- En 2019, le HCR Mali a recrut\u00e9 un consultant pour soutenir le Comit\u00e9 technique sur la domestication\nde la Convention de Kampala au Mali (CTDCK) dans l'\u00e9laboration du projet de loi nationale. Des\nconsultations et des s\u00e9ances de travail approfondies ont eu lieu avec un large \u00e9ventail d'acteurs au\nMali. En ao\u00fbt 2019, le HCR a organis\u00e9 un atelier de validation avec tous les minist\u00e8res concern\u00e9s et\nles partenaires nationaux et internationaux pour approuver le texte du projet de loi nationale [2] .\n\n- La loi comprend neuf (9) chapitres et quarante-quatre (44) articles. Elle s'applique \u00e0 toutes les\nsituations de d\u00e9placement, quelles qu'en soient les causes, sur le territoire de la R\u00e9publique du Mali.\nElle couvre tous les aspects du d\u00e9placement, de la pr\u00e9vention aux solutions durables.\n\n- En 2020, le projet de loi nationale devait \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 l'Assembl\u00e9e nationale pour discussion et\nadoption. En raison de la pand\u00e9mie COVID, ainsi que des \u00e9lections contest\u00e9es tenues en mars et de\nl'instabilit\u00e9 politique, le processus d'adoption du projet de loi nationale a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu.\n\n- Cependant, le HCR a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir le gouvernement malien dans la promotion et la diffusion de\nla Convention de Kampala et pour son int\u00e9gration dans la l\u00e9gislation nationale. En 2020, le HCR a\nform\u00e9 147 acteurs \u00e9tatiques, humanitaires, de d\u00e9veloppement et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile sur des th\u00e8mes\ncouvrant les questions de pr\u00e9vention, de r\u00e9ponse et de solutions durables au d\u00e9placement interne. Il\na \u00e9galement organis\u00e9 deux initiatives de plaidoyer pour sensibiliser \u00e0 l\u2019importance du processus de\ndomestication.\n\n\n1 Global Protection Cluster, Examen du cadre normatif et institutionnel malien relatif \u00e0 la protection des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes du Mali, UNHCR, NRC, IDMC, 2017,\n[https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Mali/files/mali-normative-framework-](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Mali/files/mali-normative-framework-fr.pdf)\n[fr.pdf](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Mali/files/mali-normative-framework-fr.pdf)\n2 Avant-mouture du projet de loi nationale portant protection et assistance aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes au Mali,\n[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/op%C3%A9rations/mali/document/mali-avant-projet-de-loi-sur-la-](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/op%C3%A9rations/mali/document/mali-avant-projet-de-loi-sur-la-protection-et-lassistance-des-pdis-revision)\n[protection-et-lassistance-des-pdis-revision](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/op%C3%A9rations/mali/document/mali-avant-projet-de-loi-sur-la-protection-et-lassistance-des-pdis-revision)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/01b26ad3-7e31-3b06-bc13-8c6772050456/unhcr_-_briefing_note_-_domestication_of_the_kampala_convention_publique.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_946/raw/doc_946_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_946/raw/doc_946_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 5f97a30c0c04cdebeea61bce22ca5a3bbeb3c32a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_946/raw/doc_946_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Private Sector Engagement for** **Internally Displaced Persons**\n\n### Additional Submission by UNHCR to the UN Secretary-General\u2019s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement April 2021\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "At UNHCR, the term **private sector** refers to corporations, foundations, philanthropists,\nas well as individual donors. For the purposes of this submission, foundations,\nphilanthropists and individual donors are considered to be out of scope, except when it\ncomes to fundraising for IDP situations. Within scope, in addition, are organizations such\nas social enterprises, chambers of commerce, and business associations.\n\n# 1. Purpose\n\n\nThis paper is submitted by UNHCR to the High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement (HLP)\nand focuses on the role of the private sector in situations of internal displacement. It is\nintended to complement UNHCR\u2019s original submission to the HLP dated 8 May 2020. Its\nspecific purpose is to answer the questions, \u201c _what is the relevance of private sector engagement_\n_in and for IDP situations, and what are the necessary conditions and concrete opportunities for_\n_more impactful and integrated engagement_ ?\u201d\n\n\nUNHCR very much welcomes the Panel\u2019s inclusion of private sector engagement as an area\nof attention. We believe that there is untapped potential to mobilize private sector donations\nfor IDP situations, including for emergency situations. Even more crucially, in stabilized and\nprotracted IDP situations in particular, there is ample scope for high-impact, context-specific,\ncross-sector partnerships. For this to materialize, new frameworks and approaches are\nrequired involving IDPs, humanitarian and development actors, governments, and private\nsector actors. UNHCR stands ready to continue engaging on this topic, and support in taking\nforward recommendations by the Panel.\n\n\nRecommendations made in this paper are based on a rapid, limited review of existing literature\nand a small number of interviews with UNHCR staff as well as examples drawn from UNHCR\u2019s\nengagement with the private sector in both refugee and IDP contexts. It is therefore not at\nthe level of detail to recommend specific policy changes.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "existing literature", - "confidence": 0.7812325358390808, - "start": 296, - "end": 298 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.6360553503036499, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 2. Introduction\n\nIn all economies, a dynamic, legal, well-regulated private sector is the main engine of value\ncreation, innovation and growth. In fragile and conflict settings, this engine may fail to\nfunction normally due to interconnected challenges: insecurity, corruption, lack of effective\nregulation, weak institutions, and poor or damaged infrastructure. Parts of the private sector\nmay have contributed to this problem themselves and profited from war economies. How to\nensure the private sector plays a positive and constructive role in fragile and conflict settings\nis therefore pivotal, and increasingly well understood and documented in a growing body of\nresearch [1] . The central argument of this paper is that, under certain conditions, the private\nsector can be more effectively engaged by humanitarian and development actors, as well as\ngovernments, in IDP situations. The private sector can play a transversal role across three\nbroad outcome areas: advancing protection, contributing to peace, and achieving prosperity.\n\n\nThe private sector bears a responsibility for doing no harm and advancing protection\nobjectives as well as durable solutions in displacement contexts. As stated in a Note to the\nUN General Assembly by the Secretary-General in July 2020, \u2018companies should take\nappropriate action in response to adverse human rights impacts with which they are involved,\nwhich means that companies should cease or prevent impacts that they cause or contribute\nto and use their leverage to mitigate any remaining impacts [\u2026] Where businesses have\nidentified that they have caused or contributed to displacement, they should provide for or\ncooperate in its remediation. This entails engaging with those who have been affected to\ndetermine an appropriate remedy, which may include support for protection and assistance\nefforts and durable solutions, for instance, through funding or by supporting housing solutions\nfor internally displaced persons, food production, and the provision of health care and\neducation\u2019 [2] .\n\n\nThe private sector can directly and indirectly contribute to peace processes. Businesses with\na history of operation in conflict-affected areas not only bear a particular responsibility to\nhelp restore peace \u2013 they also hold knowledge, assets, capacities and networks that can\nsupplement government capabilities, and be leveraged to help populations transition from a\nwar-based economy to a peace-based one. While this contribution must be nuanced [3], there\nis evidence that the private sector\u2019s participation in government-led programs to create\nemployment and training opportunities for IDPs, to invest in vulnerable areas, has significant\npositive impacts. In doing this, businesses help restore livelihoods and reduce the likelihood\nof violence flaring up again.\n\n\nFinally, private sector actors, especially local actors, are the key to restoring prosperity in\naffected communities. As noted by the World Economic Forum, \u2018at least 70% of jobs globally\nare generated by small and medium-sized enterprises and these local entities often prove\nextremely resilient in fragile contexts\u2019 [4] . Private sector financing should contribute to equitable\ngrowth in IDP-hosting areas, benefiting hosts and the displaced alike. This requires conducive\npolicy environments and functioning institutions which will allow businesses to open and\noperate normally.\n\n\n1 Mac Sweeney, Naoise (2009).\n_2_ UNGA (2020).\n_3_ DCED Synthesis Note (2018).\n4 World Economic Forum (2016).\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Example: Private sector engagement in Colombia**\n\n\nIn Colombia, the process initiated by the Havana Agreement is an example of the role that the\nprivate sector may play in contributing to peaceful outcomes [5] . Following the end of hostilities\nbetween the Colombian government and the FARC in 2016, a peace agreement was signed\nwhereby private companies were invited to become partners in implementing the peace\nprocess. By means of various institutions, incentives and instruments, the government created\nan enabling environment for the private sector to become involved. A combination of new\nterritorial administrative structures, tax breaks and seed funding created a business case for\ninvestment, particularly investment in infrastructure. The Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional de Empresarios\nde Colombia (ANDI), Colombia\u2019s main business association, played an important role in driving\nbusiness engagement.\n\nThe private sector\u2019s commitment was directly linked to its early and formal inclusion in the\npeace process, and the establishment of specific policy instruments and incentives that\npromoted and/or de-risked certain investments. By means of targeted tax breaks and\nincentives, these investments were directed toward particularly vulnerable areas which\ncompanies would not have normally prioritized. A positive collateral effect of these direct\ninvestments was the launch of social programs which made full use of companies\u2019 convening\npower \u2013 helping bring diverse stakeholders to the table and enhancing companies\u2019 reputation\nby the same token. In the process, the mindset of businesses themselves shifted, from a\nphilanthropic approach to one of co-ownership of the peace process, and mainstreaming of\npeace activities into core business operations. Multi-stakeholder alliances between companies,\nNGOs, government authorities and business associations, were essential, ensuring that\ndifferent actors combined strengths and achieved a critical mass of impact.\n\nThe joint UNHCR-UNDP project \u2018Improving durable solutions and peacebuilding through\nHuman Security Business Partnerships in post\u2010Peace Agreement Colombia\u2019 builds on the\nabove thinking [6] . Implemented in 2019-2021, the project aims to increase the participation of\nthe private sector in ZOMAC territories (most affected zones by the armed conflict) as a\ncontribution to durable solutions and peacebuilding processes. It targets both urban and semiurban zones in the departments of Nari\u00f1o (Tumaco and El Charco) and Antioquia (Bello,\nDabeiba and Ituango). It aims to achieve this through: 1) training communities in how to\ndialogue with institutions and the private sector, 2) developing and supporting initiatives\nthat improve economic security, 3) strengthening of local institutions, and 4) dissemination\nof results and knowledge management.\n\n\n5 Martin, Mary (2020).\n\n_6_ UNHCR and UNDP (2021).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 3. Roles of the private sector\n\n**Humanitarian engagement through procurement and philanthropy**\n\nThe humanitarian system continues to engage with the private sector mainly through\nprocurement and through philanthropy. UNHCR alone procures over a billion dollars\u2019 worth\nof goods and services annually. This form of engagement remains essential to ensure that the\nbasic needs of displaced persons are met.\n\n\n**Example: UNHCR engagement with Vodacom in the Democratic Republic of the Congo**\n**(DRC)**\n\nIn the DRC, UNHCR partners indirectly (through NGO partners) with Vodacom to deliver\ncash-based interventions for IDPs. Through M-Pesa, one of the worlds leading mobile\npayment services, Vodacom offers mobile bank accounts for refugees and IDPs in DRC. The\npresence of mobile operators providing access to financial services in post-conflict, IDPhosting areas can be crucial, as security conditions or access issues may deter financial actors\nsuch as banks to operate in these areas and offer traditional financial services.\n\nWhile the use mobile phones for cash assistance can be crucial to reach beneficiaries, it is not\nwithout its challenges. A major challenge with this intervention is the lack of civil\ndocumentation among the IDP population. Since the last population census in 1984, no\nadministrative census has been carried out, with the consequence that no Congolese today\nhas a national identity card. Those who register to vote in the election receive a voter\u2019s\nregistration card, which is the most commonly used documentation to access support and\nservices. However, since the situation of displacement made it difficult for IDPs to register to\nvote during the voter registration process, many IDPs do not have the voter\u2019s registration\ncard.\n\nAnother challenge experienced by IDPs is that mobile usage can be infrequent. This can be\nbecause of lack of habit of using a mobile phone, inadequate network coverage, lack of access\nto electricity to charge a mobile phone, or lack of money to buy airtime. IDPs may also not\nreceive a cash transfer for a period of time. As a result, their SIM cards may get deactivated.\nThis causes problems with cash-based interventions reaching intended beneficiaries as well\nand leads to higher than expected operational costs.\n\nCombining forces among humanitarian actors may be very important in helping resolve these\nissues. By joining forces, humanitarian actors increase their bargaining power and the flow of\nbusiness to operators. This can draw in other mobile operators to the area, promote\ncompetition, and thereby increase the reliability and quality of services.\n\n\nWith regard to philanthropy, UNHCR has seen a considerable increase in donations from the\nprivate sector for its work - from US$30 million dollars in 2008 to over US$530 million dollars\nin 2020, with the bulk of these donations coming from individual donors. Of this amount,\ndonations earmarked for IDP situations totalled US$32 million dollars in 2020, an increase of\n10% from 2019. Cumulatively, over the period 2015-2020, donations for IDP situations were\na cumulative US$97 million dollars. Targeted appeals to private donors for emergency\nsituations, such as UNCHR\u2019s appeal for Yemen, can therefore clearly contribute to mobilizing\nsignificant cash and in-kind contributions toward the humanitarian response. In addition to\nmobilizing swift financial support, fundraising activities across multiple channels help build\nempathy and awareness among individuals, companies and foundations. UNHCR has had\nsuccess in using Islamic social finance to raise funds for IDP situations and this fundraising\napproach holds considerable potential, as further described below.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7 UNHCR Global Trends (2019)\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**The promise of cross-sector partnerships**\n\nCross-sector, context-specific partnerships between businesses and humanitarian actors tap\nthe private sector\u2019s expertise, capacity for innovation, and influence, to achieve positive\noutcomes for forcibly displaced persons. Both local and multi-national businesses may play\nimportant roles in such partnerships, whether to co-create solutions, to direct investments\ntoward areas hosting forcibly displaced persons, or to support individual livelihood\nopportunities, as part of an integrated response. At the very least, it is in the interest of local\nbusinesses to be sensitized to the needs and specific vulnerabilities of IDPs in markets where\nthey operate \u2013 in order to offer relevant products and services, and in this way expand their\nbusiness. Awareness-raising initiatives by government entities, supported by humanitarian\nactors, development actors, and business associations, can help achieve this aim. Normative\nframeworks such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights provide\nframeworks for both States and businesses to dialogue and engage on human rights issues.\n\n\nAs noted by the European Centre for Development Policy Management, private sector actors\ncan play a multitude of roles at different stages of the migration cycle:\n\n\n\n1) provide goods and services to refugees and migrants\n2) provide services to governments in support of migration governance and, in some\n\ncases, act on behalf of the government\n3) act as an employer and engaging in job creation for refugees and migrants (including\n\nprospective migrants and migrant hosting societies)\n4) engage in lobbying to influence migration policies and legislation, thus contributing\n\nto how the governance of migration and mobility is shaped\n5) act as a consumer or buyer of goods and services produced by migrants [8] .\n\nA number of formal mechanisms may be considered: employment programs aimed at\ndisplaced persons; specific policies that guarantee the rights of displaced persons to be hired\nif they are the best candidate; employee volunteering programs in support of IDP\nentrepreneurship projects; inclusion of IDP-led businesses into value chains; participation in\nas well as funding of reconciliation initiatives that include IDPs; as well as tax incentives and\nsubsidies that will promote investment in IDP-hosting areas. Research, for example by ILO in\nUkraine, points to the need for specific government policies and programs to increase IDPs\u2019\nemployability and improve their access to employment [9] . This may include a focus on\ntransferrable skills, flexible working arrangements, tax breaks (or exemptions), compensations\nor subsidies for salaries and training costs, internship and apprenticeship schemes, and other\nmodalities. As noted elsewhere, \u201cthe private sector can provide country-level financing and\ninsurance schemes to support public systems and infrastructure in areas where IDPs are\nlocated, as well as micro-level financing targeting IDPs directly, such as through venture\ncapital-like funding for small businesses, start-ups, and social enterprises\u201d [10] .\n\n\nThese modalities of engagement have taken on new relevance today as the value of publicprivate partnerships is more widely acknowledged. Development agencies have recognized\nthe value of collaboration with local private sector actors to achieve development\noutcomes [11] . Humanitarian actors are also showing increasing interest. Businesses in many\nparts of the world find themselves under increased scrutiny from civil society when it comes\nto the impacts of their operations on individuals, communities, and the environment.\nPlatforms such as the World Economic Forum have called for public-private partnerships and\na greater engagement of the business sector in addressing fragility [12] . Finally, some\ngovernments have created new types of corporations whereby social and environmental\n\n\n8 Bisong, Amanda., and Knoll, Anna. (2020)\n\n**9** ILO (2016)\n10 [Al-Mahaidi, Ala. (2020).](javascript:;)\n11 USAID (2015).\n12 World Economic Forum (2016).\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "measures are included alongside revenue and profit generation as legally defined goals [13] .\nThere may therefore be an alignment of interests between public and private actors when it\ncomes to addressing the causes and consequences of displacement. In the refugee space,\nsuch partnerships are explicitly encouraged by the Global Compact on Refugees. However,\nthey are still relatively infrequent, unevenly documented, and inadequately funded to achieve\nsustainability and scale.\n\n**Challenges and opportunities**\n\nKey challenges hindering deeper engagement by humanitarian actors with the private sector\nare competing priorities, the need to prioritize urgent unmet needs, and the continued\nreliance on traditional funding mechanisms. As a result, there are often insufficient resources\nmobilized toward longer-term programming which requires predictability and visibility on\nfunding flows, as well as firm, multi-year commitments, often at high cost and risk thresholds.\nA number of multilateral policy frameworks have sought to address these challenges,\nhighlighting the potential role of private sector capital mobilized by IFIs, by international\ndonors, or through collective approaches (e.g. impact investing and blended finance). IFIs may\nplay a fundamental role in mobilizing this capital by providing guarantees or protection against\npolitical and credit risks [14] . Diaspora investors may also play a role.\n\n\nIt should also be noted that the prevalent discourse around forcibly displaced persons as a\n\u2018burden\u2019 - the responsibility of which must be \u2018shared\u2019 - unfortunately also continues to frame\nforcibly displaced persons primarily as beneficiaries of aid and a net cost to national systems,\nrather than economic agents who are also potential contributors to those same systems over\nthe long term. This narrative is sometimes at odds with a more progressive narrative,\nespoused by UNHCR among others, which sees forcibly displaced persons as economic\nagents who are either existing or potential net contributors to local and national economies.\nUNHCR believes in the importance of adopting this new narrative when engaging with the\nprivate sector, to avoid perceptions of victimization, and steer conversations toward the\nleveraging of core business competencies, rather than philanthropy alone. Moreover,\npartnerships built on a business case as well a moral case are likely to attract more sizeable\nfinancial resources, in the form of investment or financing, than traditional philanthropy.\n\nThe need to invest more deliberately and systematically in such partnerships is evidenced by\nthe wishes of IDPs themselves. Indeed, according to the Panel\u2019s own recent consultations,\n\u201cacross multiple countries expressed a strong interest in sustainable livelihoods or income\ngenerating activities so they can provide for themselves and their families. In some cases, this\ninvolved relaunching their former livelihoods, while in other cases, IDPs were interested in\nnew opportunities. IDPs particularly mentioned entrepreneurship and opening small\nbusinesses to earn income and were interested in small business loans for capital or classes\u201d [15] .\n\n\nContext-specific private sector engagement by humanitarian actors therefore presents a\nrange of opportunities. Critical to success is an understanding of the private sector\u2019s interests\nand capacities. More sophisticated approaches to partnering are also essential. Businesses\nmust have \u2018a high degree of situational awareness, sensitivity to the local context, an appetite\nfor risk, and a robust commitment to the highest ethical standards\u2019 [16] . Lastly, better data,\ncapacity and capabilities are needed to understand the economics of IDP situations and to\ngenerate the data that businesses require to invest in affected areas. The support of\ndevelopment actors in this area is fundamental. In the refugee space, studies such as _Kakuma_\n_as a Marketplace_, by the IFC, have helped reframe refugee-hosting settlements as dynamic\nlocal economies comprised of refugees operating as economic agents \u2013 paving the way for\nnew narratives and approaches [17] . Replicating this in IDP contexts may require new tools and\n\n\n13 e.g. benefit corporations, flexible purpose corporations and social benefit corporations in the United\n\nStates, \u201centerprises \u00e0 mission\u201d in France.\n[14 Al-Mahaidi, Ala (2020).](javascript:;)\n15 UN Secretary-General\u2019s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement (2020).\n16 World Economic Forum (2016).\n_17_ IFC (2018) _._\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "technologies to produce actionable data on populations that may be highly mobile, or for\nwhich no disaggregated data is collected by governments or humanitarian actors. With all\nappropriate safeguards in place, private sector actors with operations in IDP-hosting areas\nmay be able to contribute relevant data. This in turn may be instrumental for the elaboration\nof local development strategies and plans. As in the refugee space however, the\nfragmentation of actors operating in the IDP space may not lend itself to coherent and\nsustained action.\n\n\nIn conclusion, broader societal trends affecting businesses, the increased recognition of the\nprivate sector\u2019s potentially crucial role in displacement contexts, and last but not least IDPs\u2019\nown wishes, call for new approaches. This requires, first and foremost, a recognition of the\npotential dividends of context-specific private sector engagement across the three pillars of\nprotection, peace and prosperity. Following which, an increased prioritization of private\nsector engagement, as part of the humanitarian-development nexus, is called for.\n\n**Example: UNHCR Afghanistan\u2019s Co-PROSPER program**\n\nFor many decades, forced displacement has been an enduring characteristic of modern\nAfghanistan and the wider sub-region. Populations have relied on mobility to meet their needs\nand seek protection from conflict, insecurity, and socio-economic disruptions. The economic\nsituation throughout Afghanistan continues to be very precarious for displaced populations\nand host communities alike. Many persons of concern (PoC) face challenges finding\nemployment, or rely on insecure daily-wage labour, particularly within the agriculture and\nconstruction sectors. Persistently high rates of youth unemployment remain a significant\nlabour market challenge. Moreover, returnees\u2019 and IDPs\u2019 presence within the host\ncommunities has increased the pressure on shared community resources (e.g., water, health,\neducation, etc.) and competition over livelihood opportunities.\n\nThrough its Co-PROSPER program (started in 2018), UNHCR Afghanistan is implementing an\narea-based approach focused on reducing and mitigating protection risks to PoC (returnees,\nrefugees, and IDPs) while increasing their self-reliance, both at the individual and community\nlevel. This is achieved through multisectoral humanitarian-development-peace interventions\naimed at creating conducive conditions for sustainable reintegration while fostering social\ncohesion, community resilience, and local economic development. Program interventions aim\nto enhance PoC self-reliance through economic inclusion and market-based programming,\nbased on the existing human capital within the targeted communities, and guided by a market\nsystems analysis.\n\nAt the core of the program is a multi-stakeholder approach in the form of wide-ranging and\ninclusive partnerships - with local and national authorities, UN agencies, development actors,\ncommunity-based organisations (CBOs), and \u2013 importantly \u2013 the private sector, notably\nthrough the Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI). This approach was\ndesigned to align with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), the Solutions Strategy for\nAfghan Refugees (SSAR), and the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework\nfor 2021-2025 (ANPDF-II).\n\nWithin the program, the private sector component (PREPS) plays a crucial role. Thanks to an\ninitial mapping of the private sector (i.e., companies registered with the ACCI), UNHCR,\nthrough its partners and with the support from Directorates of Refugees and Repatriations\n(DoRR) and Labour and Social Affairs (DoLSA), identified sectors and industries where there\nwere human resource needs and gaps. These were then matched with PoC who possessed\nrelevant skills and/or expertise. Thanks to partnerships with the private sector, particularly\nthe ACCI and industrial unions, PoC have access to job placement services, resulting in\ninternship and apprenticeships within target companies, and more stable employment\nsubsequently.\n\nThe program is built on an in-depth understanding of the human and social capital that PoC\npossess (i.e., area/level of education, skill-sets, membership of community groups and\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "associations, etc.), in addition to a thorough mapping of the labour market, including any\nmarket niches. By aligning with national development strategies and private sector\ndevelopment plans, the program contributes to advancing the government\u2019s development\nstrategy, while helping ensure that PoC are matched with suitable employment opportunities\n(or acquire the necessary marketable skills through targeted vocational and technical skills\ntraining). Entrepreneurship support, financial literacy training and business development\nservices are also an integral part of the program, helping individuals and families build social\nand financial capital, particularly entrepreneurs running small or home-based businesses.\n\nA key success factor for PREPS is a paid incentive model aimed at creating incentives for\ncompanies to buy into the program [18] . For the first three to six months of each internship or\napprenticeship (depending on context), UNHCR covers salaries/stipends in full, with\nbusinesses incrementally increasing their share after this initial period. These incentives are\ncontingent on the company offering a minimum one-year contract at the end of the internship\nor apprenticeship period. Since 2018, this resulted in 941 job placements (apprenticeships)\nwith 45 private sector companies, with an additional 1,448 market-based trainings having\nbeen provided (e.g. bee keeping, dairy farming and processing, greenhouses, carpet weaving,\nshoe making, mobile repairs, motor and car mechanics, carpentry, dish antenna services,\nconfectionary, embroidery, handicraft and handloom such as carpet weaving, bag making, and\npottery, tailoring and transport services among others). This model was subsequently\nreplicated by UNDP in the context of the SALAM project, which was also carried out in\npartnership with the private sector (ACCI and Industrial Union), benefiting 1,225 returnees\nand IDPs, of whom 60% were women, including 308 direct job placements.\n\nThere has been increasing interest in apprenticeships both as a route into employment and\nalso in raising the skill levels of the workforce. Apprenticeships and other work-based training\nopportunities, in coordination with the ACCI and AWCCI, are valuable training pathways for\nimproving the transition from school/university to work. At the local level, apprenticeship\nprograms can contribute to countrywide development objectives and improve local\nemployers with the skilled workforce they require to remain competitive and create jobs while\ncontributing to the private sector development for nation\u2019s market building.\n\n\n18 Note: the paid incentives for interns or apprentices are not salaries.\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 4. Reflections for the future\n\n\n\nPrivate sector engagement in IDP contexts is a complex and cross-cutting issue. A multitude\nof private sector actors operate at a number of levels. Initiating and sustaining partnerships\ntherefore requires differentiated and sophisticated approaches by governments,\nhumanitarian and development actors. Noting this, UNHCR would strongly encourage the\nPanel to endorse continued research and exploration of this topic by relevant entities within\nthe United Nations system, the Joint Data Centre, and research organizations, with a view to\nstrengthening the evidence base. UNHCR stands ready to continue contributing its expertise\nand experience in IDP contexts, and with private sector engagement, as part of this process.\n\nThe following are key considerations for the High-Level panel, organized by stakeholder type.\n\n_**All stakeholders:**_\n\n- Systematic mapping of private sector actors (including private sector umbrella groups such\n\n\n\nas business associations), and inclusion of relevant actors in participatory, government-led\npeace processes. This analysis and dialogue should result in the definition of common\ninterests and strategies, and result in long-term, constructive engagement by companies\nrather than marginal philanthropic initiatives;\n\n- The more systematic application of a Fragility Lens Framework in IDP-hosting contexts [19],\n\nas a means to gage if private sector investments are likely or not to promote resilience and\npeace while avoiding contributing to the drivers of fragility;\n\n- Direct and indirect support or incentives to businesses to make full use of their knowledge,\n\ncommunication, and logistical capabilities, and to ensure their constructive participation in\nmulti-stakeholder initiatives, ideally government-led;\n\n- The creation of cross-sector data platforms that pull together data on IDPs collected by\n\ndifferent actors, including the private sector - with appropriate safeguards (which may be\nformalized e.g., through data sharing agreements). This data should help public and nogovernmental actors generate context-specific development plans and interventions\naimed at IDPs;\n\n- The creation of cross-sector crowdfunding and matchmaking platforms to connect\n\nhumanitarian organizations with businesses interested in contributing goods, services\nand/or expertise [20] .\n\n- The more systematic use of value chain assessments when designing social and economic\n\ninclusion interventions targeting IDPs, in order to understand how IDPs may be included\nin these value chains, including any specific policy barriers and practical obstacles they may\nface. Re-creating some of the value-chains that existed in IDP-hosting locations, and/or\nwhich make the most of IDPs' entrepreneurial talents, is preferable to traditional\ninterventions detached from value chains.\n\n- The wider dissemination of relevant research, notably by the Joint Data Center, on private\n\n\n\nsector engagement in IDP-hosting contexts, so that enabling conditions may be better\nunderstood.\n\n\n\n19 \"IFC Africa Fragility Lens Factsheet\" (2020).\n20 See for example the KitaMatch platform which aims to bring together Humanitarian/civil society\n\norganisations, NGOs, the private sector and government in Malaysia to respond to humanitarian\ncrises (https://kitamatch.my/)\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**For policy-makers:**_\n\n\n\n\n- Based on identified needs of IDP populations, consider introducing or revising applicable\n\nframeworks regulating how private sector actors engage with IDPs, including standards\nfor treatment and conditions for investment and business activities in areas hosting IDPs,\nas well as the creation of incentives (through tax breaks, subsidies) for the private sector\nto engage with IDPs who, lacking this, would be excluded on strict profitability measures,\nwhile maintaining a level playing field;\n\n- Work with businesses to embed key normative frameworks in business actions, notably\n\nthe 2030 Agenda, the OECD\u2019s Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights, and the\nUN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights;\n\n\n\n\n- Based on documented practices for refugees and IDPs, ensure that IDPs have access to\n\nup-to-date labour market information and consider schemes such as flexible working\narrangements, tax breaks or exemptions, compensations, subsidies for salaries and training\ncosts, internship and apprenticeship schemes, and other modalities, in order to incentivize\ncompanies to employ IDPs, as applicable.\n\n- Mapping of business assets, capabilities and networks, in order to understand the potential\n\ncontributions that businesses may make to public goods provision, and sharing this\ninformation as appropriate with humanitarian and development actors;\n\n- Consideration of the private sector as a co-implementer of programs, projects and\n\ngovernment contracts for certain services aimed at IDPs;\n\n- Convening public-private platforms and partnerships.\n\n\n\n_**For bilateral and multilateral donors:**_\n\n- The expansion of multi-year, flexible funding designed to leverage private sector\n\ncontributions to achieve long-term, collective outcomes; with additional flexibility when it\ncomes to implementation practices, timeframes, targets, budgetary adjustments, and\nmeasurement of results.\n\n- Increased funding for the testing and piloting of models that include the private sector,\n\nand learning \u2013 to build an evidence base of what works and what doesn\u2019t. The five-year\nKakuma Kalobeyei Challenge Fund (KKCF) [21] is an example of such a funding mechanism\nin a refugee-hosting context;\n\n\n\n\n- Capacitating of reliable intermediaries and umbrella group actors, public or private, such\n\nas chambers of commerce and industry bodies, particularly in situations where it would\nnot be cost-effective or feasible for humanitarian and development actors to engage\ndirectly with a large number of individual businesses.\n\n_**For humanitarian actors:**_\n\n\n\n\n- Where conditions are conducive, more systematic engagement with the private sector\n\nbeyond traditional modalities of procurement and philanthropy. Due diligence on all\ncollaborations with the private sector in IDP-hosting contexts should be mandatory \u2013\nencouraging harmonization of due diligence policies and principles across humanitarian\nactors to the extent possible;\n\n\n_21_ Implemented with the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund, the Turkana County Government, and\n\nUNHCR, the KKCF is a competitive financing mechanism for disbursing donor funding to incentivize\nfor-profit companies, social enterprises, and local and refugee entrepreneurs to start or scale existing\n[operations in the Kakuma-Kalobeyei area. https://kkcfke.org/](https://kkcfke.org/)\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "- The Panel may wish to contribute to the formulation, formalization and/or dissemination\n\nof key principles of engagement by the humanitarian sector with the private sector, to\nensure that these are more systematically applied in IDP settings. Generally accepted\nprinciples include taking a needs-based approach and engaging in holistic, long-term,\nevidence-based and evidence-generating collaborations. The Guidelines on a principlebased approach to the Cooperation between the United Nations and the Business\nSector [22], the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights [23], and other relevant\nframeworks, should be more widely disseminated and used, paired with relevant training\nopportunities if required. Supplementary guidance, addressing the specific needs and\nrights of the forcibly displaced, could be a worthwhile additional tool for partnership\npractitioners, building on existing tools on private sector development in conflict-affected\nsituations [24] . This should include guidance on advocacy. Additionally, the Panel may wish\nto promote forward-looking principles of sustainability and circularity in all private sector\nengagement, with a view to ensuring that, inasmuch as possible, partnerships maximize\nscarce resources and support the 2030 Agenda;\n\n- Fit-for-purpose staffing structures, competencies and resources for private sector\n\nengagement should be encouraged across the sector. Depending on the context, and\nwhich industries are likely to contribute the most, it may be worthwhile for organizations\nto recruit staff with specialized sectoral or industry expertise. For example, engagement\nwith remittance providers may be instrumental in identifying technical solutions and\nfunding mechanisms allowing for easier, cheaper, and increased remittances to IDPs\noriginating from diaspora communities, family members, and other concerned individuals\n(e.g. through discounts on transaction costs and lower taxes). Other key industries in a\nposition to contribute at different stages in the displacement cycle include mobile service\nproviders, financial institutions, transport providers, recruiting agencies, private education\nand training institutions, housing and real estate companies, as well as hospitality\ncompanies.\n\n- The review or creation of partnership policies and processes that will help create more\n\nenabling conditions for private sector engagement across a range of outcomes, where and\nwhen applicable. Organizations that have not yet done so may wish to develop and share\nanalytical tools and methodologies, as well as good practices, also as a means of\nmaintaining institutional memory, programmatic continuity, and continuous learning, in\ncontexts characterized by frequent staff rotation or turnover;\n\n- The introduction of additional selection criteria in local procurement processes, giving a\n\nweighed advantage to companies whose bids not only meet cost and quality requirements,\nbut generate positive impacts for displaced persons directly through their operations \u2013 for\nexample by employing them, building their capacities, or including displaced persons in\ntheir value chains. Such criteria could be further refined by applying a vulnerability lens,\nfocusing inter alia on women in rural areas, or disabled persons, etc. Additionally,\ninnovative procurement modalities could be explored, with incentives for businesses that\nmake certain commitments.\n\n\n_22_ OHCHR (2015)\n\n_23_ OHCHR (2011)\n\n_24_ Donor Committee on Enterprise Development (2010).\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# 5. Recommended Resources for the High-Level Panel\n\n[Al-Mahaidi, Ala. (2020) \u201cFinancing Opportunities for Durable Solutions to Internal](javascript:;)\nDisplacement: Building on Current Thinking and Practice _\u201d_ Refugee Survey Quarterly,\nVolume 39, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 481\u2013493.\n\nAsian Development Bank (2012) \u201cWorking Differently in Fragile and Conflict-Affected\nSituations: The ADB Experience\u201d The Asian Development Bank. Accessed from:\n[https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/33774/files/working-](https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/33774/files/working-differently-)\n[differently-](https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/33774/files/working-differently-)\n\nAvis, William Robert. (2016) \u201cPrivate Sector Engagement in Fragile and Conflict-affected\nSettings\u201d GSDRC Applied knowledge services. Accessed from: https://gsdrc.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/03/HDQ1331.pdf\n\nBisong, Amanda., and Knoll, Anna. (2020) \u201cMapping Private Sector Engagement Along the\nMigration Cycle\u201d ECDPM.\n\nBray, John. (2009) \u201cThe Role of Private Sector Actor in Post-Conflict Recovery\u201d\nInternational Association for Ladakh Studies. Article in Conflict Security and Development.\n\nCurtis, Lisa., et al. (2010) \u201cPrivate Sector Development in Conflict-Affected Environments:\nKey Resources for Practitioners\u201d. The Donor Committee for Enterprise Development.\n\nDonor Committee for Enterprise Development (2018) \u201cSynthesis Note: PSD In Fragile and\nConflict-Affected Environments, September 2018\u201d. DCED.\n\nIFC (2018) \u201cKakuma as a Marketplace: A Consumer Market Study of a Refugee Camp and\nTown in Northwest Kenya\u201d International Finance Corporation. Retrieved from:\nhttps://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/0f3e93fb-35dc-4a80-a9556a7028d0f77f/20180427_Kakuma-as-aMarketplace_v1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mc8eL2K\n\nIFC (2020) \u201cAfrica Fragility Lens Factsheet\u201d. Retrieved from\n[https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ac88404b-2784-46b4-883d-c19e2566ab20/IFC-](https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ac88404b-2784-46b4-883d-c19e2566ab20/IFC-Africa-Fragility-Lens-Factsheet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lC9W-as)\n[Africa-Fragility-Lens-Factsheet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lC9W-as](https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ac88404b-2784-46b4-883d-c19e2566ab20/IFC-Africa-Fragility-Lens-Factsheet.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lC9W-as)\n\nInternal Displacement Monitoring Centre (2018) \u201cThe Ripple Effect: Economic Impacts of\nInternal Displacement\u201d. IDMC.\n\nInternational Labour Organization (2016) \u201cEmployment Needs Assessment and\nEmployability of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine: Summary of Survey Findings and\nRecommendations\u201d. ILO.\n\nUSAID (2015) \u201cLocal Private Sector Partnerships: Assessing the State of Practice\u201d. USAID.\nRetrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/GlobalDevLab/documents/local-private-sectorpartnerships-assessing-state-practice\n\nMac Sweeney, Naoise. (2009) \u201cPrivate Sector Development in Post-Conflict Countries: A\nReview of Current Literature and Practice\u201d. GSDRC Applied Knowledge Services.\n\nMalik, Ammar A., Mohr, Edward., Irvin Erickson, Yasmine. (2018) \u201cPrivate Sector\nHumanitarians? New Approaches in the Global Refugee Response.\u201d The Center on\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Survey Quarterly", - "confidence": 0.9268524646759033, - "start": 42, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Al-Mahaidi, Ala.", - "confidence": 0.6348541378974915, - "start": 10, - "end": 14 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2020", - "confidence": 0.6345402598381042, - "start": 15, - "end": 16 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Employment Needs Assessment", - "confidence": 0.8697548508644104, - "start": 325, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.799599289894104, - "start": 339, - "end": 340 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "ILO", - "confidence": 0.6549347043037415, - "start": 345, - "end": 346 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ukraine", - "confidence": 0.9959152340888977, - "start": 335, - "end": 336 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.7687614560127258, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Internally Displaced Persons", - "confidence": 0.9826683402061462, - "start": 331, - "end": 334 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/22041686-1524-3966-9ff0-bf1d6d227621/unhcr_for_idps_hlp_-_private_sector_engagement.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "International Development and Governance. Retrieved from:\n[https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99202/private_humanitarian_partne](https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99202/private_humanitarian_partnerships_report_0.pdf)\n[rships_report_0.pdf](https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99202/private_humanitarian_partnerships_report_0.pdf)\n\nMartin, Mary. (2020) \u201cFrom philanthropy to co-construction: Assessing Private Sector\nEngagement in the Colombian Peace Process (LSE IDEAS)\u201d. Retrieved from:\nhttps://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/Assets/Documents/project-docs/un-at-lse/UN-Policy-BriefJuly-2020.pdf\n\nMuia, Frederick Mbithi. (2002) \u201cThe Private Sector in Conflict Prevention and Post-Conflict\nReconstruction\u201d. International Labour Organization.\n\nOHCHR (2011) \u201cGuiding Principles on Business and Human Rights\u201d. OHCHR. Retrieved\nfrom:\n[https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf](https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf)\n\nOHCHR (2015) \u201cGuidelines on a Principle-Based Approach to the Cooperation Between the\nUnited Nations and the business sector.\u201d OHCHR. Retrieved from:\nhttps://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/2.GuidelinesPrincipleBasedApproach.\npdf\n\nPeschka, Mary Porter. (2010) \u201cThe Role of the Private Sector in Fragile and ConflictAffected States.\u201d IFC. Updated April 2011.\n\nUN Secretary-General\u2019s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement (2020). \u201cSummary of\nKey Trends from Consultations with IDPs and Host Communities\u201d. Retrieved from:\n[https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/sites/www.un.org.internal-displacement-](https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/sites/www.un.org.internal-displacement-panel/files/idp_consultation_external_summary.pdf)\n[panel/files/idp_consultation_external_summary.pdf](https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/sites/www.un.org.internal-displacement-panel/files/idp_consultation_external_summary.pdf)\n\nUnited Nations General Assembly (2020), \u201cHuman rights of internally displaced persons:\nNote by the Secretary-General\u201d, 21 July 2020. UNGA. Retrieved from:\n[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3879214/files/A_75_207-EN.pdf](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3879214/files/A_75_207-EN.pdf)\n\nUNHCR (2019) \u201cGlobal Trends in Forced Displacement\u201d. Retrieved from:\n[https://www.unhcr.org/5ee200e37.pdf.](https://www.unhcr.org/5ee200e37.pdf)\n\nUNHCR and UNDP (2021) \u201cHuman Security in Post-Peace Agreement Context \u2013 Private\nSector and Peacebuilding in Colombia\u201d Retrieved from:\n[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20security%20in%20post-](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20security%20in%20post-peace%20agreement%20context%20-%20Private%20sector%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Colombia.pdf)\npeace%20agreement%20context%20[%20Private%20sector%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Colombia.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20security%20in%20post-peace%20agreement%20context%20-%20Private%20sector%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Colombia.pdf)\n\nWorld Economic Forum (2016) \u201cResponsible Private Sector Action to Address Fragility,\nConflict and Violence\u201d.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbab0e99-eae7-3f00-a4b1-2129b74c2980/unhcr_policy_on_alternatives_to_camps-_arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\n\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b \u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\n\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\n\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629", - "confidence": 0.7804551124572754, - "start": 21, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbab0e99-eae7-3f00-a4b1-2129b74c2980/unhcr_policy_on_alternatives_to_camps-_arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.\n\n**\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064f**\n\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a 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\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\n\u0644\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\n\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\n\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\n\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bbab0e99-eae7-3f00-a4b1-2129b74c2980/unhcr_policy_on_alternatives_to_camps-_arabic.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_948/raw/doc_948_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_948/raw/doc_948_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index ca95da46ce966d2dcedabb8d2e0a5aa98b7f9140..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_948/raw/doc_948_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,938 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "#### Greater Horn of Africa: The Impact of Food Insecurity on the Health and Nutrition of Refugees and Internally Displaced People\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n**Figures. .................................................................................................................... 2**\n**Acronyms. ............................................................................................................... 3**\n**The Impacts of Displacement and Food Insecurity on Displaced Populations. . 4**\n**Refugees and IDPs in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHoA). ................................... 4**\n**Communicable Diseases and Other Health Risks ................................................ 6**\n**Nutrition Situation Update. ..................................................................................... 7**\n**Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). ..................................................................... 7**\n**Refugees and Asylum Seekers............................................................................... 8**\n**UNHCR and WHO Support. .................................................................................... 12**\n**Gaps and Challenges. ............................................................................................ 13**\n**Recommendations and Key Advocacy Messages. ............................................... 14**\n**References. ............................................................................................................. 15**\n**Useful Resources and Authors. ............................................................................. 16**\n\n\nFigures\n\n\n**Figure 1:** GHoA Refugees, and IDPs (2019-2022) ........................................................................................... 4\n**Figure 2:** GHoA Refugees, Asylum Seekers and IDPs (August 2022) .............................................................. 5\n**Figure 3** : Classification Prevalence Thresholds for Wasting and Stunting for Children Under 5 Years of Age. 7\n**Figure 4:** Classification Prevalence Thresholds for Anaemia for Children Under 5 Years of Age. ........................ 7\n**Figure 5:** A Comparison of Global Acute Malnutrition and Crude Death Rate. ........................................................ 8\n**Figure 6A:** SAM Admissions in OTP/SC (TFP) - Melkadida (2019-2022) ............................................................... 9\n**Figure 6B:** MAM Admissions in TSFP - Melkadida (2019-2022) ............................................................................... 9\n**Figure 7:** Nutrition Screening (MUAC/Oedema/WHZ) Among New Arrivals in Kakuma (Apr-Aug 2022) ......... 10\n**Figure 8A:** SAM Admissions SC/OTP (TFP) - Kakuma (2019-2022) ..................................................................... 10\n**Figure 8B:** MAM Admissions TSFP - Kakuma (2019-2022)\u2026 ................................................................................ 10\n**Figure 9:** SAM Admissions SC/OTP (TFP) - Dadaab (Jan-Jul 2021 vs 2022) ....................................................... 11\n**Figure 10:** Percentage Reduction in Recommended Daily Food Basket (2,100 kcal/p) at IDP and Refugee\nSites \u2013 (Aug 2022) ......................................................................................................................................... 13\n\n\nPage 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nBelow a list of acronyms that appear in this document.\n\n\nPage 3\n\n\n|Acronym|Definition|\n|---|---|\n|AWD
|Acute Watery Diarrhoea
|\n|BSFP
|Blanket Supplementary Feeding Program
|\n|CMAM
|Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition
|\n|FRC
|Famine Review Committee
|\n|GAM
|Global Acute Malnutrition
|\n|GHoA
|Greater Horn of Africa
|\n|HEV
|Hepatitis E Virus
|\n|IDPs
|Internally Displaced People
|\n|IPC
|Integrated Phase Classification
|\n|MAM
|Moderate Acute Malnutrition
|\n|MUAC
|Mid-Upper Arm Circumference
|\n|NGO
|Non-Governmental Organization
|\n|OCHA
|United Nations Office for The Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
|\n|OCV
|Oral Cholera Vaccine
|\n|OTP
|Outpatient Therapeutic Program
|\n|PCR
|Polymerase Chain Reaction
|\n|PLW
|Pregnant and Lactating Women
|\n|RDT
|Rapid Detection Test
|\n|RUTF
|Ready to Use Therapeutic Food
|\n|SAM
|Severe Acute Malnutrition
|\n|SC
|Stabilization Centre
|\n|SENS
|Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey
|\n|SFP
|Supplementary Feeding Program
|\n|SMART
|Standardised Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions
|\n|TFP
|Therapeutic Feeding Program
|\n|TSFP
|Target Supplementary Feeding Program
|\n|UNHCR
|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
|\n|UNICEF
|United Nations Children's Fund
|\n|WFP
|World Food Program
|\n|WHO
|World Health Organization
|\n|WHZ|Weight-for-Length/Height Z-Score|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.9326491951942444, - "start": 324, - "end": 328 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5851713418960571, - "start": 327, - "end": 328 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Weight-for-Length/Height Z-Score", - "confidence": 0.5075468420982361, - "start": 451, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nThe Impacts of Displacement and Food Insecurity on Displaced Populations\n\nA food insecurity crisis is a health crisis, with a last- ing\nimpact on the health of the displaced community. Health\nrisks increase while access to healthcare is restricted. A\nsignificant increase in global and severe acute\nmalnutrition among children in many internally displaced\npeople (IDPs) and refugee settings has been recorded.\nCommunicable diseases, including cholera, measles,\nyellow fever, and COVID-19 are a major public health\nconcern, especially with the further displacements and\ndisruption of living conditions and sanitation.\n\n\n\nThere are several threats that cause IDPs and refugees to flee their homes. Some reasons for fleeing\nare to escape violence, conflict(s), human right\nviolations, and other man-made or natural threats.\nStates must protect the rights of IDPs, however, some\nstates are unable or unwilling to do so, leaving IDPs and\nrefugees facing food insecurity as well as threats to their\nhealth and well-being1. Additionally, there is an evident\n\n\n\nhealth and well-being1. Additionally, there is an evident\n\ninversed relationship as well, where food insecurity by\nitself can be a major contributing factor to becoming\ndisplaced2.\n\n\n\ntheir self-reliance, and physical, mental, and socio-economic well-being. In response to desperate situations, many people, especially women and girls, resort to coping strategies that are nutritionally harmful,\nsuch as skipping or reducing meals or opting for less\nnutritious food. According to literature these negative\nhealth effects are worse for women who are pregnant\nor lactating3. Self-reliance is reduced when commu\n\n\ndisplaced2.\n\n\nRefugees and IDPs are among the groups most\nvulnerable to acute food insecurity and malnutrition as\nwell as other health risks resulting from the loss of\nassets and means of subsistence, disruptions to\ncommunity-based safety nets, and disruptions to\nnational social protection systems. At the same time,\nbarriers to healthcare access also increase, reducing\nthe coverage of affordable, available, and accessible\nhealthcare services, threatening the effectiveness of\nhealth programs.\n\n\n\nor lactating3. Self-reliance is reduced when commu\nnity support systems or assets are lost resulting in\nincreased household indebtedness. Self-reliance can\nbe compromised by the selling of assets or taking\ninterest- bearing loans. The threat of marginalization,\nabuse and exploitation, gender-based violence, and\nintercommunal tensions arises when those displaced\ncope by begging, engaging children in labor, interrupting education, resorting to child marriage to obtain\nalternative sources of income, or engaging in the sale\nof sex in exchange for food for instance1.\n\n\n\n1.\n\n\n\nRefugees and IDPs in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHoA)\n\n\n\n**Figure 1:** GHoA Refugees and IDPs (2019-2022)\n\n\n**2019** **2020** **2021** **2022 (as of July)**\n\n\nRefugees IDPs\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n\nIDPs and refugees are vulnerable populations in the\ncurrent food insecurity emergency in the GHoA\n(Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan,\nSudan and Uganda). Both groups face growing\nhealth risks of malnutrition, communicable diseases\nand are at risk of increased levels of morbidity and\nmortality, increasing the need for preventive and curative healthcare services. The rising food insecurity\nthat has triggered a humanitarian crisis in the GHoA\nregion is driven by a toxic mix of extreme weather\nevents (4 [th] consecutive year of drought with a\nforecast for a 5th year, as well as flooding in various\nareas), conflict, and the impact of the war in Ukraine\n(which has led to a reduction in the import of food).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\n\nThe devastating levels of food scarcity are propelling displacement not only within countries, but also across\nborders. In Somalia alone, according to UNHCR, more than 1 million people have been displaced due to food\ninsecurity, of which 750,000 this year, some of them remaining within the borders and others crossing into Kenya\nand Ethiopia4. The number of IDPs increased to 12.7 million, while refugees and asylum seekers reached 4.5\n\n\n\nand Ethiopia4. The number of IDPs increased to 12.7 million, while refugees and asylum seekers reached 4.5\n\nmillion in the seven countries of GHoA5. Over the last few months new influxes were observed, as a result on\n\n\nmillion in the seven countries of GHoA5. Over the last few months new influxes were observed, as a result on\ngoing conflicts, weather shocks (prolonged drought, flooding) and the search for food, water, and pasture for their\nanimals.\nEthiopia has the highest number of IDPs in the region (4.5 million), particularly in the northern and western parts\nof the country, followed by Sudan (3.7 million) in Darfur and South Kordofan, and Somalia (2.97 million)2. South\n\n\n\nof the country, followed by Sudan (3.7 million) in Darfur and South Kordofan, and Somalia (2.97 million)2. South\n\nSudan is the country where the highest number of refugees originate from (2.3 million) while Uganda hosts the\nhighest number of refugees (1.5 million) in the 13 settlements across the country2. Figures 1 and 2 provide a\n\n\n\nhighest number of refugees (1.5 million) in the 13 settlements across the country2. Figures 1 and 2 provide a\n\nfurther insight into the number of refugees, asylum seekers and IDPs in the GHoA region.\n\n\n\n**Figure 2:** GHoA Refugees, Asylum Seekers and IDPs (Aug 2022)\n\n\n\nPage 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nCommunicable Diseases and Other Health Risks\n\nAll seven countries in the GHoA have been malaria-endemic countries for many years. Currently, six countries,\nDjibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan are dealing with measles outbreaks. Immunization\ncoverage is low in many countries in the region, especially in Somalia (46% for measles and 35%\nmeningococcal vaccination). Cholera cases have been detected in Somalia, South Sudan, and Kenya. Anthrax\ncases have been reported from Kenya, South Sudan, and Uganda. Sudan and South Sudan are seeing cases of meningitis. There are yellow fever outbreaks in Kenya and Uganda. Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) cases\nhave been reported from Sudan and IDP camps in South Sudan. Monkeypox cases have been reported in West\nDarfur, Sudan. Compromised living conditions, hygiene, and sanitation conditions of IDPs and refugees settings\ncan make them more susceptible to communicable diseases.\n\n\nIn **Uganda**, WHO is providing technical guidance to\nthe MoH on surveillance for all diseases with outbreak\npotential, capacity building for refugee hosting districts through rapid response trainings on surveillance\nand case management. In addition to the activities\npreviously mentioned, 60 health workers were trained\nfor OCV activities in Nakivale and Nyakabande and 40\nhealth workers were trained in Isingiro district to\nstrengthen mortality surveillance in both the host and\nrefugee settlements. A total of 18,905 new arrivals\nages 1-year and above have received a dose of the\nSuspected cholera cases and persistent transmis- sion OCV beginning in June 2022. Additionally, deploy- ment\nof the HEV continue to be reported in Bentiu IDP camp of 92,000 doses of OCV to Nakivale refugee settlement\nand Unity State in **South Sudan** . A multisec- toral joint began in September 2022 and two cholera kits were\ncholera and HEV response coordination deployed to Isingiro district. More than 15 suspected\nis in place at the state level comprising of health, cases of monkeypox have been investigat- ed in the\nWASH, and other clusters. Surveillance is enhanced refugee-receiving and hosting districts while continuous\nthrough the provision of refresher training, distribution support for COVID-19 testing is being provided with\nof case definition, and other reporting tools. Case rapid detection tests (RDTs) and 45,000 polymerase\nmanagement is provided by the public health centers chain reaction (PCR) kits shipped to the central public\nwhile severe cases are referred to the hospital. health laboratory in Adjumani.\nCholera and HEV messages were disseminated as\npart of risk communication and awareness activities.\nAn oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign was implemented in the cholera hotspots, including Rubkona\nCounty where the Bentiu IDP camp is located. A\ncoverage of 85% for the first round and 88% for the\nsecond round was achieved. An HEV vaccination\ncampaign was conducted in Bentiu IDP camp targeting those aged 16-40 years, including pregnant\nwomen. A coverage of 91% for the first round and 82%\nfor the second round was achieved, and a third round\nwas recently conducted in October 2022.\n\n\n\nIn **Djibouti**, 68% of the refugees are women and\nchildren. In addition to the refugees, a large number of\nnomadic/semi-nomadic populations continue to cross\nthe towns and rural areas looking for safety or basic\nnecessities. Diarrhoea, dehydration, anaemia,\nmalnutrition, fever, and pulmonary infection were the\nmost common illnesses for both adults and children\nreported by the Ministry of Health (MoH).\n\n\nPage 6\n\n\n\nHeavy rainfall has been affecting most states in Sudan\ncausing widespread floods that resulted in more\ndisplacement and damage as well as increased risks\nof water and vector- borne diseases. Almost 265,000\naffected people, approximately 56,000 houses and\n500 health facilities have been damaged or\ndestroyed1. In the Kalma camp, one of the largest\n\ncamps in Darfur with 300,000 residents, the Darfur\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\ncamp coordination highlighted the complete collapse of more than 200 homes due to the heavy rains. Additionally, there has been an increase in the cases of malnutrition among children with 5,250 children affected. WHO\nis undertaking a risk mapping of potential cholera hotspots to prepare and initiate preventative OCV cam- paigns.\nWHO is also supporting health authorities by sending rapid response kits to health facilities, activating zeroreporting surveillance and water quality testing, carrying out vector control interventions, and disseminat- ing\nhygiene materials.\n\nNutrition Situation Update\n\nIn the context of malnutrition, WHO maintains guidelines that include thresholds with important clinical implications (Figure 3). Wasting is defined as low weight-for-height. It often indicates recent and severe weight loss,\nalthough it can also persist for a long time. It usually occurs when a person has not had food of adequate quality and quantity and/or they have had frequent or prolonged illnesses. Wasting in children is associated with a\nhigher risk of death if not treated properly. Stunting is defined as low height-for-age. It is the result of chronic or\nrecurrent undernutrition, usually associated with poverty, poor maternal health and nutrition, frequent illness\nand/or inappropriate feeding and care in early life. Stunting prevents children from reaching their physical and\ncognitive potential.\n\n\n**Figure 3:** Classification Prevalence Thresholds for Wasting and Stunting for Children Under 5 Years of Age [6]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Classification Prevalence Thresholds (%)|Critical
situation|Serious
situation
(emergency)|Poor
situation|Acceptable situation|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Classification Prevalence Thresholds (%)**|**Very High **|**High **|**Medium **|**Low **|**Very low **|\n|**Wasting / GAM**|\u226515|10 - <15|5 - <10|2.5 - <5|<2.5|\n|**Stunting**|\u226530|20 - <30|10 - <20|2.5 - <10|<2.5|\n\n\n**Figure 4:** Classification Prevalence Thresholds for Anaemia for Children under 5 Years of Age [6]\n\n|Classification Prevalence Thresholds (%)|High|Medium|Low|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Anaemia **|\u226540|20 - 39|5 - 19|\n\n\n\nInternally Displaced Persons\n\n\nIn **Somalia**, newly internally displaced populations are experiencing a very serious nutrition and health crisis.\nAcute malnutrition in children is at critical levels. Data from 11 selected IDP sites in Baidoa and Diinsor revealed\nthat global acute malnutrition (GAM) based on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ranges from 21% in\nKhada to 28% in Baidoa, 63% of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) cases are attending an outpatient therapeutic\nprogram (OTP) and 53% of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) cases attending an OTP or supplementary\nfeeding program (SFP)7.\n\n\nBased on integrated food security, nutrition, and mortality surveys conducted in June and July 2022 and subsequent IPC analysis, agro pastoral\npopulations in Baidoa and Burhakaba districts and displaced populations in\nBaidoa town of Bay Region in Somalia are projected to face famine (IPC\nPhase 5) between October and December 2022 in the absence of significant\nhumanitarian assistance reaching people most in need 8. This projection was\n\nmade by a multi-disciplinary team of technical experts working as part of the\nSomalia IPC Technical Working Group (IPC TWG). The analysis and\nevidence for the famine projection were subsequently reviewed and\ntechnically vetted by the Famine Review Committee, a panel of independent\ninternational food security and nutrition experts.\n\n\nPage 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nThe humanitarian situation in the Bay region and other parts of Somalia has been deteriorating in recent months\nas the level of humanitarian assistance fails to keep pace with rising needs, and the coping capacity of the most\nvulnerable is exhausted due to the combined impact of four consecutive seasons of poor rainfall, sharp increases\nin food prices, and conflict. The results of the integrated surveys conducted in June and July 2022 in Baidoa and\nBurhakaba districts and among IDPs in Baidoa town indicate levels of GAM and mortality that are indicative of\nan emergency (IPC Phase 4) (Figure 5)9.\n\n\n**Figure 5:** A Comparison of GAM and Crude Death Rate\n\n\nRefugees and Asylum Seekers\n\n\nAround 81% of refugees and asylum seekers are women and children below the age of 18 years in the GHoA\nregion, the most vulnerable group to food insecurity, malnutrition, and other morbidities. Evidence from UNHCR\nStandard Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS) conducted in the region, noted 'critical' levels of different types of\nmalnutrition (wasting, stunting, and anaemia) reported among refugee children aged 6-59 months in the refugee\nsites in Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda.\n\n\n**Ethiopia** hosts over 870,000 refugees, according to the results of the 2021 SENS conducted in 18 refugee\ncamps in the country. The prevalence of GAM among children aged 6-59 months reported 'serious' and 'critical'\nlevels in approximately 70% of the camps. In nearly 35% of the camps, the prevalence of SAM was reported as\n'critical' levels (>2% critical level UNHCR classification)10. The prevalence of stunting or chronic malnutrition\n\namong children aged 6-59 months was reported as 'high' and 'very high' in 50% of the camps. The prevalence\nof anaemia is at 'critical' levels (more than 40% prevalence) in nearly 35% of the camps (Figure 4).\n\n\nAccording to the nutrition screening (based on MUAC/\nOedema/WHZ) conducted among the new arrival refugees from Somalia in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia from January to\nJune 2022, out of 3,126 children aged 6-59 months\nscreened for acute malnutrition, critical levels of GAM\n(>15%) and SAM (>2%) have been observed11.\n\n\nAdditionally, the results of recent UNHCR SENS sur- veys\nconducted in the five refugee camps in Dollo Ado,\n**Ethiopia** indicated a deterioration of the nutrition situation when compared to past three years, where the GAM\nprevalence increased to above the 'critical level' of 15% in\nfour camps, and the SAM prevalence reached 6% in three\ncamps11.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "integrated surveys", - "confidence": 0.9429589509963989, - "start": 75, - "end": 77 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.5624964237213135, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7747970819473267, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Baidoa and\nBurhakaba districts", - "confidence": 0.5074629187583923, - "start": 84, - "end": 88 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9835585951805115, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8047839403152466, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "IDPs", - "confidence": 0.8603654503822327, - "start": 90, - "end": 91 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nStandard Expanded Nutrition Survey", - "confidence": 0.9962855577468872, - "start": 175, - "end": 180 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9603877067565918, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "acronym": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.9899052977561951, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9624621272087097, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "GHoA\nregion", - "confidence": 0.7118873000144958, - "start": 156, - "end": 158 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9329586625099182, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5605135560035706, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee children aged 6-59 months", - "confidence": 0.850518524646759, - "start": 208, - "end": 213 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS", - "confidence": 0.7936081290245056, - "start": 181, - "end": 182 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.7919527888298035, - "start": 218, - "end": 219 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9640829563140869, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.9306707382202148, - "start": 248, - "end": 249 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "nutrition screening", - "confidence": 0.9714005589485168, - "start": 377, - "end": 379 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dollo Ado, Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.5036569833755493, - "start": 397, - "end": 401 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8949038982391357, - "start": 405, - "end": 406 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrival refugees", - "confidence": 0.7975015640258789, - "start": 391, - "end": 394 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS sur- veys", - "confidence": 0.7812640070915222, - "start": 447, - "end": 452 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5892003178596497, - "start": 310, - "end": 311 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dollo Ado, Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.515046238899231, - "start": 397, - "end": 401 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "past three years", - "confidence": 0.5989816784858704, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GAM\nprevalence", - "confidence": 0.696140468120575, - "start": 483, - "end": 485 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "past three years", - "confidence": 0.7428444623947144, - "start": 477, - "end": 480 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.5722731947898865, - "start": 456, - "end": 458 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The trends analysis of new admissions of acutely malnourished cases\nin the on-going nutrition program in\nthe five refugee camps in Dollo Ado\nindicated significant increases in the\nadmissions of SAM and MAM cases\namong refugee children aged 6-59\nmonths during 2022 when compared\nto the past three years (Figure 6A and\n6B on SAM admissions in the\ntherapeutic feeding program (TFP)\nand MAM admissions in the targeted supplementary feeding program\n(TSFP))11.\n\n\nContributing factors resulting in the\nreported increases11:\n\n\n\nJOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\n\n\n- Deterioration in the nutrition\nsituation during 2022 when compared to\nthe past three years - increases in GAM\nprevalence to above 15% in 4 out of 5\ncamps\n\n- New arrival of refugees from Somalia during 2022 with critical levels of GAM above 15% of emergency\namong children aged 6-59 months\n\n- Measles outbreaks\n\n- On-going food ration cuts (50% cut in recommended2100 kcal/p/d)\n\n- The negative impacts of the drought and increases in food prices\n\n- Challenges related to childcare practices specifically infant and young child feeding, health, and WASH\n\n**Kenya** is hosting over 550,000 refugees, with high levels of different forms of child malnutrition reported; GAM is\nhigh between 10-15% (Figure 7) in 2 out of 5 camps, and the prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59\nmonths was reported as \u201ccritical\u201d above 40% of public health significance in all camps12. In addition, the\n\n\n\nmonths was reported as \u201ccritical\u201d above 40% of public health significance in all camps12. In addition, the\n\nprevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 was reported as 'critical' above 40% of public\nhealth significance in 2 out of 5 camps13.\n\n\n\n13.\n\n\n\nPage 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Even so, 'critical' levels of acute malnutrition\nwere reported among newly arriving refugee\nchildren in Kakuma, Kenya (nutrition screening, based on MUAC/Oedema/WHZ among\nnew arrivals refugee children aged 6-59\nmonths from April to August 2022).\nThe origin of new arrivals is mostly from\nSouth Sudan followed by Burundi and the\nDRC. Out of 1,779 children aged 6-59 months\nscreened for acute malnutrition,\na 'critical' level of GAM (>15%) and SAM\n(>2%) have been observed (Figure 7)1. This\n\nhas contributed to the increase in new\nadmissions in the ongoing nutrition program\nin Kakuma. The review of the trends in new\nadmissions of SAM and MAM cases in\nnutrition program in the refugee camps in\nKakuma, Kenya also indicated significance\nincreases during 2022 when compared to\nthe past three years (Figure 8A and 8B.)\n\n\n\nJOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\n**Figure 7:** Nutrition Screening (MUAC/Oedema/WHZ) Among New\nArrivals - Kakuma (Apr-Aug 2022)\n\n\n**29%**\n**28%**\n\n\nApril May June July August\n\n\nGAM MAM\n\n\n\nPage 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MUAC/Oedema/WHZ", - "confidence": 0.7331380844116211, - "start": 27, - "end": 32 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "nutrition screening", - "confidence": 0.6131699085235596, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kakuma, Kenya", - "confidence": 0.7988149523735046, - "start": 18, - "end": 21 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.875525176525116, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new arrivals refugee children aged 6-59\nmonths", - "confidence": 0.65790194272995, - "start": 33, - "end": 40 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Nutrition Screening", - "confidence": 0.7141018509864807, - "start": 181, - "end": 183 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7141957879066467, - "start": 171, - "end": 172 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5650619268417358, - "start": 168, - "end": 169 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kakuma", - "confidence": 0.5232132077217102, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.9975674152374268, - "start": 152, - "end": 153 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "New\nArrivals", - "confidence": 0.941110372543335, - "start": 191, - "end": 193 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nAt the refugee camps in Dadaab, Kenya, a significant increase was reported in the new admissions of SAM\ncases in the nutrition program during Jan-Jul 2022 when compared to the same time in 2021 (Figure 9).\n\n\n**Figure 9:** SAM Admissions OTP/SC (TFP) - Dadaab (Jan-Jul 2021 vs 2022)\n\n\nContributing factors resulting in the increase in the number of new admissions of SAM and MAM cases in the\non-going nutrition program in the refugee camps in Kenya during 2022 when compared to the past three years13:\n\n - Critical levels of GAM among new arrivals refugee children aged 6-59 months during 2022.\n\n - Newly arrived refugees were hosted in two reception centers with limited space. At the peak, 8000 per- sons\nwere hosted in reception centers with capacity of only approx. <3000. Likely at least in part due to crowding\nand strained WASH conditions, high numbers of AWD cases were reported from these centers.\n\n - A stock-out of nutrition supplies at national level, specifically RUTF and F100 therapeutic milk during the\npeak of acute malnutrition likely also contributed. Required supplies are now in place with UNICEF and\nUNHCR support, including a buffer to cover possible gaps.\n\n - On-going food ration reductions for refugees (50% food ration cuts of the recommended 2100 kcal/p/d).\n\n - Increases in food prices due to drought and other conditions, and other negative impacts of the ongoing\ndrought in the country.\n\n - Increase in new admissions of SAM and MAM cases from the surrounding host communities in nutrition\nprogram in the refugee camps.\n\n - Challenges related to childcare practices especially infant and young child feeding, health, and WASH.\n\n\n\nPage 11\n\n\n\nIn **Sudan**, hosting over 1.1 million refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring countries, the result of recent UNHCR\nSENS surveys (May-June 2022) in the ten South Sudanese\nrefugee camps in White Nile state indicated 'critical' levels of\nGAM (>15%), SAM being above 2%14.\n\n\nDue to funding shortfalls since July 2022, the camp-based refugee population in Sudan is facing 50% food ration cuts in the\nrecommended 2100 kcal/p/d, which will contribute to a further\ndeterioration of the already concerning food security and nutrition situation.\n\n\nIn **South Sudan**, hosting over 340,000 refugees and asylum\nseekers, the results of the latest UNHCR SENS surveys (Sept.\n\n- Dec. 2021) in the seven refugee camps indicated 'high'\nprevalence of GAM (10% - <15%) in four camps, with SAM\nprevalence being >2% of critical in the two camps.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR\nSENS surveys", - "confidence": 0.9839382767677307, - "start": 347, - "end": 350 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9345856308937073, - "start": 347, - "end": 348 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudanese\nrefugee camps in White Nile state", - "confidence": 0.5630197525024414, - "start": 357, - "end": 365 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8755680918693542, - "start": 352, - "end": 353 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees and asylum seekers", - "confidence": 0.9277128577232361, - "start": 335, - "end": 339 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS surveys", - "confidence": 0.9617500305175781, - "start": 456, - "end": 459 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8068981170654297, - "start": 456, - "end": 457 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "seven refugee camps", - "confidence": 0.9000414609909058, - "start": 469, - "end": 472 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8659882545471191, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6418081521987915, - "start": 465, - "end": 466 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nThe prevalence of stunting was reported as 'very high' in one camp (>30%), 'high' in one camp (20% - <30%),\nand 'medium' level in five camps (10% - <20%). The prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months\nranges between 41% \u2013 70% indicated 'high' level (above 40% of public health significance) in five camps, while\nin the rest of two camps it stands between 20% \u2013 39% 'medium' public health significance15. The high preva\nlence of anaemia is also a key concern among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, in one camp it is as high\nas 68%, in three camps it is between 20% - 39% 'medium' public health significance, while in three camps at\n'acceptable' level of <20%.\n\n\nDespite multiple challenges and the high levels of acute food insecurity and malnutrition in South Sudan, the\nrefugee population is facing food ration cuts in the recommended 2100 kcal/p/d which began with a 30% cut in\nNovember 2015 and increased to a 50% cut in early 2021.\n\n\nUNHCR and WHO Support\n\n\n\nUNHCR, in coordination and collaboration with partner UN agencies (WHO, WFP, UNICEF), NGOs and\nnational nutrition program at MoH, is conducting\nregular periodic assessment and monitoring of nutrition and food security situation among refugee\npopulations in the refugee sites (camp and settlement-based refugees) through SENS, the joint\nassessment mission, trends in new admissions in\nnutrition program, and nutrition screening among new\narrival refugees in the region. For the assessment and\nmonitoring of refugees in out-of-camp settings UNHCR advocates for their inclusion in the national level\nSMART nutrition surveys and access to the national\nlevel nutrition program.\n\n\nDuring 2021, UNHCR conducted 30 SENS surveys in\nthree country operations in the region (among them 18\nSENS surveys in 18 refugee camps in Ethiopia, 5\nSENS surveys in refugee camps in Kenya, 7 SENS\nsurveys in refugee camps in South Sudan).\n\n\n\nAs of end of August 2022, 37 SENS surveys have been\nconducted; five in Dollo Ado, 2 in Afar, 3 in Jijiga region\nin Ethiopia, 10 in White Nile and 4 in Gadaref state in\nSudan, 13 in refugee settlements and surrounding host\ncommunity in Uganda. Additionally, SENS surveys are\nin progress in Jujiga, Assosa and Gambella in Ethiopia.\n\n\n\nA nutrition program is in place in all refugee camps / settlements using community-based management of acute\nmalnutrition (CMAM) approach with a focus on nutrition preventive and curative interventions as an inte- grated\npart of public health services and linkages with other services in the refugee sites. The UNHCR CMAM program\nin the refugee sites in the region includes the following components:\n\n**\u2022** **Community based outreach** activities include nutrition screening at community level for active case\nfinding, referral of SAM and MAM cases, PLW and other vulnerable groups, sensitization/awareness\nraising on different nutrition/health topics, support and promotion of infant and young child feeding\npractices, mother-to-mother support groups, follow-up of absentees from nutrition program.\n\n**\u2022** **Preventive blanket supplementary feeding program (BSFP)** to PLW and for young children aged\n6-23 months / where GAM prevalence is above 15% of emergency threshold and resources available\ncovering all children aged 6-59 months (considering the emergency nature of refugee response).\n\n**\u2022** **Management of MAM** in TSFP.\n\n**\u2022** **Management of SAM cases without medical complication** in OPT using ready to use therapeutic\nfood (RUTF).\n\n**\u2022** **Management of SAM cases with medical complications** in in-patient Stabilization Centre (SC).\n\n\nPage 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national level\nSMART nutrition surveys", - "confidence": 0.9272173643112183, - "start": 331, - "end": 336 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "assessment and\nmonitoring of refugees in out-of-camp settings", - "confidence": 0.564607560634613, - "start": 316, - "end": 324 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.9590939879417419, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.7762150168418884, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8137267231941223, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "new\narrival refugees", - "confidence": 0.7617717981338501, - "start": 307, - "end": 310 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "SENS surveys", - "confidence": 0.869196891784668, - "start": 351, - "end": 353 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8624122142791748, - "start": 324, - "end": 325 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6141042709350586, - "start": 398, - "end": 399 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8569016456604004, - "start": 346, - "end": 347 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nWHO supports the drought and food and insecurity emergency in the GHoA countries with medical assistance\nrequired, directly related to malnutrition. This ranges from food and vitamin supplements to life saving second- ary\ncare. Moreover, WHO supports countries to prepare for outbreaks of diseases related to food and water insecurity,\ndisplacement and subsequent crowding including cholera, measles, and malaria. This includes strengthening\nsurveillance systems for communicable diseases to identify and respond to new outbreaks in a rapid fashion.\n\n\nBut these also include vaccination campaigning targeted at vulnerable populations, training activities to local\nactors and coordination of collaborative health responses. In addition, WHO leads on the coordination of the\npurchase of life-saving medical supplies to those areas and populations in need. These supplies include\nmedicines as well the equipment needed to treat children who are severely malnourished.\n\n\nGaps and Challenges\n\nFunding shortfalls for provision of basic needs remain a key challenge in the region which resulted in signifi- cant\nfood ration cuts in the by WHO recommended daily food basket of 2100 kcal/p/d (Figure 10). The conse- quences\nof failure to access a nutritious diet will be seen in reduced immunity, poor health outcomes among pregnant\nand lactating women, increased caseload of acute malnutrition among children and even adolescent/ adults in\nthe nutrition program, as well as an increase in hospitalization.\n\n\n**Figure 10:** Percentage Reduction in Recommended Daily Food Basket (2,100 kcal/p) at Refugee Sites - (Aug 2022)\n\n\nThere is a need for continued training and capacity building of health and nutrition staff working in the CMAM\nprograms specifically the SC at the health facility level on the management of SAM with medical complications.\nRegular supplies of required nutrition kits and nutrition products for management of SAM in both out-patient and\nin-patient settings, especially with the continuous influx of refugees.\n\n\nAdditionally, there have been limited resources regarding vaccine doses to support the response to the numerous outbreaks including measles and cholera. The global shortage of OCV vaccines has led to limited access\nin countries in GHoA.\n\n\nPage 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nRecommendations and Key Advocacy Messages\n\nWHO emphasizes the essential and underrecognized role of health in a food insecurity crisis. The morbidity and\nmortality in such crises are of unprecedented levels.\n\n\nJoint advocacy for fundraising for the provision of basic health and nutritional needs to forcibly displaced\npopulations in the region (to make sure provision of health care, nutrition services, recommended food assistance\n2100 kcal/p/d, required nutrition products, including capacity-building of MoH and other partners).\n\n\nJoint intersectoral and coordinated efforts to strengthen emergency preparedness and response of new influxes\nof forcibly displaced people in the region.\n\n\nJoint efforts for inclusion and integration of forcibly displaced population in the national level health and nutrition interventions that are broad and encompassing.\n\n\nAny health and nutrition response needs to be broad and based on inter-cluster/sectoral collaboration, coordination and needs, to cover the following domains:\n\n1. Enhanced national and sub-national coordination and collaboration among partners and sectors for\n\nstronger agreement about strategic priorities and effective operationalization.\n2. Increased collection and use of timely and accurate health and nutrition data for early warning, IPC-CH\n\nclassification, assessment of service delivery capacities and barriers, guidance for decision-making,\nprioritization, planning and enabling monitoring and evaluation of interventions.\n3. Effective prevention and control of additional and interdependent epidemics and other health emergen\ncies, including seasonal increases in morbidity that are likely to occur during food-security crises.\n4. Increased and integrated availability of essential nutrition actions for effective prevention, detection and\n\ntreatment of malnutrition.\n5. Capacity of priority health services scaled up and adapted to the increased health needs, risks and access\n\nbarriers to health care in food insecurity crises.\n\n\nPage 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "JOINT UNHCR & WHO REPORT / 2022\n\n\nReferences\n\n\n1. Horn of Africa Drought: Regional Humanitarian Overview & Call to Action, September 2022, OCHA\n2. UNHCR drought response emergency appeal for the Horn of Africa, July 2022, UNHCR\n3. Severe malnutrition or famine exposure in childhood and cardiometabolic non-communicable disease\n\nlater in life: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2021\n4. \u201cOne millionth person displaced by Somalia drought\u201d. UNHCR press release September 2022\n5. East and Horn of Africa, and the Great Lakes Region: UNHCR Drought Situation Response Update #2 \nSeptember 2022\n[6. UNICEF Malnutrition classification: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/](https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/)\n7. Nutrition and Mortality Monitoring in IDP Populations\n8. IPC trends Somalia: [https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/where-what/eastern-africa/somalia/en/](https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/where-what/eastern-africa/somalia/en/)\n9. IPC Famine Review Committee (FRC) report\n10. Ethiopia situation reports \u2013 UNICEF, August 2022\n11. UNHCR SENS survey Ethiopia, July 2022\n12. UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report No. 4 (Drought): 31 August 2022\n13. UNHCR SENS survey Kenya, July 2021\n14. UNHCR SENS survey Sudan, June 2021\n15. UNHCR SENS survey South Sudan, December 2021\n\n\nPage 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNICEF Malnutrition classification", - "confidence": 0.9709236025810242, - "start": 113, - "end": 116 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "REPORT", - "confidence": 0.7412947416305542, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5770609974861145, - "start": 1, - "end": 2 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8031260371208191, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.5644546151161194, - "start": 6, - "end": 7 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS survey Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9949761629104614, - "start": 157, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.993959903717041, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.8166698217391968, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ethiopia", - "confidence": 0.9748224020004272, - "start": 160, - "end": 161 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.6560785174369812, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022", - "confidence": 0.8183450698852539, - "start": 154, - "end": 155 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report No. 4", - "confidence": 0.5978884696960449, - "start": 166, - "end": 174 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Report", - "confidence": 0.5134207010269165, - "start": 170, - "end": 171 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.7096837162971497, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS survey Kenya", - "confidence": 0.8310084342956543, - "start": 183, - "end": 187 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8305388689041138, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.6188230514526367, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Kenya", - "confidence": 0.9413978457450867, - "start": 167, - "end": 168 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6299510598182678, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS survey Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8878040909767151, - "start": 192, - "end": 196 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8792265057563782, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.5723201632499695, - "start": 166, - "end": 167 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Sudan", - "confidence": 0.8922272324562073, - "start": 195, - "end": 196 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6920766234397888, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.6087316274642944, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR SENS survey South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7467095255851746, - "start": 201, - "end": 206 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.9034416079521179, - "start": 159, - "end": 160 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNICEF", - "confidence": 0.6235445141792297, - "start": 151, - "end": 152 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.9555553197860718, - "start": 204, - "end": 206 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.5695685744285583, - "start": 189, - "end": 190 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **JOINT UNHCR &**\n##### **WHO REPORT** **OCTOBER 2022**\n\nGreater Horn of Africa (GHoA): The Impact of\nFood Insecurity on the Health and Nutrition of\nRefugees and IDPs\n\n\n**AUTHORS:**\n\n\n**Asaad Kadhum - Senior Public Health Officer (UNHCR RB)**\n\n\n**Hassan Abdi - Public Health Officer (UNHCR RB)**\n\n\n**Naser Mohmand \u2013 Senior Regional Nutrition and Food Security**\n\n\n**Officer (UNHCR RB)**\n\n\n**Egmond Evers \u2013 Incident Manager a.i. (WHO)**\n\n\n**Mahmoud Hassan \u2013 Epidemiologist (WHO)**\n\n\n**Tobias Homan \u2013 Epidemiologist (WHO)**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/cea4ced8-2e14-4724-8ead-dec8a275129b/unhcr_who_ghoa-joint-report_oct2022_pdf.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_949/raw/doc_949_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_949/raw/doc_949_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 23b6ab8861332f80322986c1da85d2dc9fb46ad7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_949/raw/doc_949_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas abril - junio 2024**\n\nEste bolet\u00edn ha sido producido por el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, en colaboraci\u00f3n con las\norganizaciones participantes del Grupo de Trabajo de Trata de Personas (GTTdP)\nPara m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre este reporte, contacte a Norma Ferrer, noferrer@iom.int\n\n\nFotograf\u00eda de Portada: Ivanna Marqu\u00e9z, COOPI - 2024.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n es un foro participativo que re\u00fane organizaciones de la sociedad civil con\nexperiencia en protecci\u00f3n, incluyendo actores de desarrollo, de derechos humanos y organizaciones\nlocales e internacionales. El Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 liderado por ACNUR.\n\n\nNuestros productos de informaci\u00f3n, incluyendo hojas resumen y mapas, est\u00e1n disponibles en el sitio\nweb del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n:\nwww.globalprotectioncluster.org\n\n\nContactos:\nCoordinadora del Cluster, Alice Contini, continia@unhcr.org\nCo-cordinadora del Cluster, Carmen S\u00e1chez, carmen.sanchez@drc.org\nAsociada de Protecci\u00f3n, Patricia Bosco, boscoleo@unhcr.org\nManejo de Informaci\u00f3n, Adriana Ram\u00edrez, ramiread@unhcr.org\nEspecialista en la Lucha Contra la Trata de Personas, Norma Ferrer, noferrer@iom.int\nAsistente de Protecci\u00f3n, Kimberly Sarkis, sarkisne@unhcr.org\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **CONTENIDO**\n\n#### **Introducci\u00f3n ...........................................................................................................................................................** **Tendencias y Respuesta ...................................................................................................................................** **Tendencias ...............................................................................................................................................................** **Respuesta .................................................................................................................................................................** **Historia de \u00e9xito y retos ................................................................................................................................** **Opini\u00f3n especial ..................................................................................................................................................** **Recursos y enlaces \u00fatiles ................................................................................................................................**\n\n\n#### **P\u00e1g.** **4** **5** **5** **6** **12** **13** **15**\n\n\n#### **Organizacviones GGTdP ...............................................................................................................................**\n\n\n#### **16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La trata de personas en Venezuela sigue siendo uno de los principales riesgos\nde protecci\u00f3n a los que se enfrentan las personas venezolanas en condici\u00f3n\nde vulnerabilidad dentro y fuera del pa\u00eds. Aun cuando se han visto nuevas\ndin\u00e1micas, las tendencias reflejadas en los vol\u00famenes anteriores de este bolet\u00edn\ntrimestral contin\u00faan presentes.\n\n\nLa respuesta a la trata de personas en Venezuela desde el sector humanitario\nse ha caracterizado por la implementaci\u00f3n de proyectos por parte de ONG\nque tradicionalmente han brindado asistencia a mujeres sobrevivientes de\nviolencia basada en g\u00e9nero, ONG Internacionales que abordan el fen\u00f3meno\ndesde un punto de vista m\u00e1s amplio de protecci\u00f3n y las agencias, fondos\ny programas, cada una desde su mandato.\n\n\nEl bolet\u00edn de trata de personas es una iniciativa del Grupo de Trabajo para la\nPrevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la Trata de Personas \u2013 GTTdP, publicado por primera\nvez en julio de 2022, con el fin de mostrar trimestralmente las tendencias\ny respuestas a la TdP, observadas por las organizaciones miembros, instrumento\nque sirve de apoyo a la comunidad humanitaria y es actualmente un documento\nde consulta obligatoria para conocer la situaci\u00f3n de trata de personas en Venezuela.\n\n\nEste documento se publica en cumplimento del objetivo 1 de la estrategia\nde Trata de Personas del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, a saber: aumentar la visibilidad\nde la trata de personas dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas e integrarla\nen las estructuras, procesos y trabajo de incidencia existentes.\n\n\n\n_Ivanna Marqu\u00e9z. COOPI,2024._\n\n\n## **_4_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Tendencias**_\n\n\nDe abril a junio de 2024 se han podido observar distintas din\u00e1micas en los diferentes\nestados del pa\u00eds.\n\n\nLas comunidades de los municipios Valdez y Arismendi del estado Sucre siguen estando\ndentro de rutas de traslado mar\u00edtimo hacia Trinidad y Tobago donde transportan a\npersonas provenientes de comunidades sucrenses como de otros estados de Venezuela. Sin embargo, la OIM en Venezuela, a trav\u00e9s de sus socios implementadores\nobtuvo informaciones suministradas por mujeres presuntas v\u00edctimas de trata de\npersonas en Trinidad y Tobago, procedentes de los estados Bol\u00edvar, Delta Amacuro,\nCarabobo, Miranda y Monagas, quienes fueron trasladadas desde estas entidades hasta\nTucupita (Delta Amacuro) y llevadas en diferentes fechas hacia Trinidad y Tobago, en\nembarcaciones (pe\u00f1eros).\n\n\nLa OIM pudo conocer, gracias a informaci\u00f3n suministrada por personas de comunidades\nind\u00edgenas del estado Amazonas, que entre abril y junio de 2024, contin\u00faa la movilidad,\nespecialmente, de mujeres ind\u00edgenas en condici\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad hasta Puerto\nCarre\u00f1o en Colombia, con la finalidad de buscar empleo o vender sus productos\nartesanales, algunas se han vuelto blanco f\u00e1cil de las redes de trata.\n\n\nDebido a diversas versiones de informaciones en portales digitales de organizaci\u00f3n\nde la sociedad civil y de organismos competentes, se observa que mujeres y adolescentes\nson vulnerables a la trata, con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y laboral, dentro y fuera\nde Venezuela. Las razones predominantes de estas vulnerabilidades est\u00e1n asociadas\na la edad, el g\u00e9nero, la orientaci\u00f3n sexual, las condiciones de precariedad econ\u00f3mica,\nel deseo por mejorar la calidad de vida y b\u00fasqueda de mayores ingresos para el sustento\npropio y familiar e incluso la reunificaci\u00f3n familiar.\n\n\nEn cuanto al perfil de las presuntas v\u00edctimas detectadas por los socios de la OIM\nVenezuela, se describen como mujeres y adolescentes, originarias de los estados\nApure, Carabobo, Amazonas, Aragua, Sucre, Miranda, Distrito Capital, T\u00e1chira,\nFalc\u00f3n, Zulia, Delta Amacuro, Bol\u00edvar, Monagas y Nueva Esparta.\n\n\n1 https://primicia.com.ve/sucesos/detenida-en-ciudad-bolivar-por-trata-de-personas/\n2 https://www.fundaredes.org/2024/06/03/fundaredes-riesgo-de-ser-victimas-de-redes-de-trata-persiste-para-las-mujeres-venezolanas-en-la-frontera/\n3 https://www.instagram.com/p/C8sGXcVpM3s/?igsh=djkwbmsxN2p1bW5x\n\n\n\nSobre la captaci\u00f3n, estos casos se caracterizaron porque las v\u00edctimas fueron captadas\npor personas conocidas o recomendadas, en otros casos la captaci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 por\nmedio de conversaciones establecidas por redes sociales, y tambi\u00e9n por personas\najenas a su entorno, y los medios utilizados, generalmente se encuentra el enga\u00f1o y\naprovechamiento de una condici\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad, ya que las promesas hechas por\nlos tratantes, de acuerdo a los testimonios, son: \u201ctendr\u00e1n mejores condiciones de\nvida\u201d, \u201cque me fuera a vivir para all\u00e1, que ella [la tratante] me ayudaba con los gastos\ndel viaje, que primero me fuera sola y que con el tiempo pod\u00eda llevar a mi familia, que\niban a comprar ropa y lo que necesitar\u00e1 mientras se adaptaba al lugar\u201d, \u201cque me [a la\nv\u00edctima] iban a cuidar\u201d, \u201cno te preocupes es un trabajo bueno, podr\u00e1s mandarle dinero\na tu familia\u201d.\n\n\nLa OIM, tambi\u00e9n pudo conocer sobre la relaciones con redes de trata de mujeres y\nadolescentes, as\u00ed como familiares y amistades de las presuntas v\u00edctimas, quienes se\ndedicaban a la captaci\u00f3n, traslado, acogida y explotaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**ACNUR** observ\u00f3 de abril a junio de 2024, que la situaci\u00f3n de trata en el estado T\u00e1chira\nsigue siendo evidente y que la cercan\u00eda con la frontera hace que sea un estado de\ntr\u00e1nsito de personas sobrevivientes de trata y que confluye con el tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de\nmigrantes. En muchos casos, cuando la trata se realiza en el pa\u00eds vecino (Colombia), si\nla persona logra escapar de sus tratantes llega a Venezuela a trav\u00e9s de T\u00e1chira.\nSe ha observado en casos publicados en los medios que se trata de tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de\nmigrantes y ha sido identificado como trata de personas . En este per\u00edodo, se observaron distintas noticias con titulares alusivos a casos de trata de personas y en el\ndesarrollo se puede notar que se describe el delito de tr\u00e1fico, llamando la atenci\u00f3n la\nconfusi\u00f3n entre trata y tr\u00e1fico en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n**DRC,** a tr\u00e1ves de su monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n en el estado Sucre, observ\u00f3 que la\npoblaci\u00f3n no identifica a la trata de personas como un riesgo recurrente. Sin embargo,\nla mayor\u00eda de los casos que se identifican en el estado, est\u00e1n asociados a la _**explotaci\u00f3n**_\n_**sexual de mujeres j\u00f3venes, y explotaci\u00f3n laboral y mendicidad forzada para**_\n_**hombres y NNA.**_ De entrevistas con actores clave, pudo identificar que existen\ngrupos dedicados al tr\u00e1fico de drogas y redes de trata de personas principalmente\nen el municipio Valdez, debido a su mayor cercan\u00eda con Trinidad y Tobago.\n\n\n## **_5_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Respuestas**_\n\n\n_**OIM**_\n\n\nEntre los meses de abril y junio de 2024, la OIM realiz\u00f3 de manera directa diversas\nactividades relacionadas al fortalecimiento de las capacidades t\u00e9cnicas y operativas de\nlas autoridades competentes en materia de trata de personas y tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de\nmigrantes, a nivel nacional. A trav\u00e9s de la capacitaci\u00f3n sobre detecci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n,\nderivaci\u00f3n y asistencia a posibles v\u00edctimas de trata de personas, y la capacitaci\u00f3n sobre\ntrata de personas en contextos de emergencias formamos de manera directa a funcionarios y funcionarias de prevenci\u00f3n, protecci\u00f3n, investigaciones penal, judicializaci\u00f3n,\nasistencia, control migratorio, seguridad ciudadana, defensa, salud, protecci\u00f3n civil,\neducaci\u00f3n, inspecci\u00f3n laboral, aduanas y tributos, defensorial, registro civil; as\u00ed como\nintegrantes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil, universidades y movimientos sociales, as\u00ed como personal del Sistema de Naciones Unidas, en los estados Sucre (80),\nBol\u00edvar (175), Miranda (36), Apure (10), Zulia (117) y T\u00e1chira (112). Cabe destacar,\nque en un trabajo conjunto entre la OIM y OCHA, los participantes de las capacitaciones del estado Bol\u00edvar, tambi\u00e9n recibieron un taller sobre la L\u00ednea de Contacto Interagencial.\n\nA trav\u00e9s de los socios implementadores de han realizado actividades de sensibilizaci\u00f3n\ncomunitaria sobre la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas, en los estados Bol\u00edvar, Sucre,\nFalcon, T\u00e1chira, Apure y Zulia.\n\n\nAs\u00ed mismo, en un trabajo conjunto entre la OIM y la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo Delegada\nde Amazonas, se hizo entrega de materiales alusivos a la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas\nen las sensibilizaciones comunitarias semanales que ejecuta este organismo en la entidad.\n\n\nDurante el segundo trimestre de 2024, a trav\u00e9s de los socios implementadores\nde la OIM en el estado Sucre se brind\u00f3 _**asistencia a ocho mujeres**_ presuntas v\u00edctimas\nde trata de personas retornadas desde Trinidad y Tobago, en el marco del Plan Vuelta\na la Patria, proceso realizado bajo la supervisi\u00f3n de las autoridades venezolanas, liderado\npor el Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores de Venezuela,\nen coordinaci\u00f3n con las autoridades trinitarias. La asistencia estuvo centrada\nen la protecci\u00f3n de las presuntas v\u00edctimas, quienes fueron beneficiadas con _**servicios**_\n_**de alojamiento temporal, atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y psicol\u00f3gica, suministro de alimentaci\u00f3n**_\n_**e hidrataci\u00f3n, traslados, dotaci\u00f3n de ropa y calzado, dotaci\u00f3n de medicamentos,**_\n_**realizaci\u00f3n de estudios m\u00e9dicos,**_ entre otros.\n\n\n\n_Capacitaci\u00f3n a personal de organismos gubernamentales y organizaciones_\n_de la sociedad civil, Puerto Ordaz, estado Bol\u00edvar. Foto: @OIM, junio 2024_\n\n\n_Capacitaci\u00f3n a personal de organismos gubernamentales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil,_\n_Cuman\u00e1, estado Sucre. Foto: @OIM, mayo 2024_\n\n\n## **_6_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**ACNUR**_\n\n\nLa Unidad de Terreno del ACNUR en Caracas juntamente con la OIM, brind\u00f3 una\ncapacitaci\u00f3n sobre la Prevenci\u00f3n de la Trata de Personas y el Nexo entre la Trata y el\nAsilo, dirigida a la Red de J\u00f3venes de San Guillermo, ubicada en Petare, como forma\nde prevenir y responder ante la tendencia, a\u00fan persistente, de v\u00edctimas adolescentes\ncon vulnerabilidades asociadas a condiciones socioecon\u00f3micas precarias y dando\nimportancia al aumento del fen\u00f3meno de la trata de personas como mecanismo de\nafrontamiento negativo en Venezuela. Los y las adolescentes y j\u00f3venes participantes\nexpresaron sus inquietudes y tambi\u00e9n tuvieron la oportunidad de conversar sobre\ndin\u00e1micas que al respecto han observado en su entorno, manifestando que con los\nconocimientos adquiridos y el material de informaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica entregado podr\u00e1n\nrealizar campa\u00f1as en los espacios educativos y comunitarios a fin de trabajar en la\nprevenci\u00f3n de este grave delito.\n\n\nAsimismo, en colaboraci\u00f3n con OCHA, FUCA particip\u00f3 en una actividad interagencial\ndirigida a l\u00edderes y personal del Centro de Atenci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Integral de la Mujer\n(CAFIM) en Tacarigua de Mamporal, Municipio Bri\u00f3n del estado Miranda. Durante\neste evento, ACNUR facilit\u00f3 una sesi\u00f3n informativa sobre el Nexo entre Trata y Asilo,\nas\u00ed como mensajes clave para concienciar sobre la toma de decisiones seguras e\ninformadas en contextos de movilidad. Adem\u00e1s, los participantes recibieron informaci\u00f3n sobre la l\u00ednea de contacto, los principios humanitarios, la violencia basada en\ng\u00e9nero y el VIH. ONUSIDA tambi\u00e9n realiz\u00f3 pruebas de despistaje de enfermedades\nde transmisi\u00f3n sexual.\n\n\nCampa\u00f1a en terminales terrestres. En colaboraci\u00f3n con diversas instituciones locales,\nACNUR ha lanzado una campa\u00f1a de prevenci\u00f3n de riesgos de protecci\u00f3n asociados\na la movilidad (incluyendo la trata de personas) dirigida a usuarios de terminales terrestres\nen Los Filuos. Los mensajes clave difundidos en esta iniciativa buscan fortalecer las\ncapacidades de la comunidad para identificar y denunciar casos de trata, promoviendo\nuna cultura de protecci\u00f3n y solidaridad. Esta campa\u00f1a sirve como continuaci\u00f3n a una\ncampa\u00f1a previa lanzada en el terminal terrestre de Maracaibo, realizada de forma\nconjunta con la OIM y la Alcald\u00eda de Maracaibo.\n\n\nActividades con comunidades Warao. En el mes de abril, ACNUR por medio\nde su programa de protecci\u00f3n con enfoque comunitario, en el estado Delta Amacuro\n\n\n\nrealiz\u00f3 el fortalecimiento de capacidades de los integrantes de la estructura comunitaria\ndel municipio Pedernales, con presencia de poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena Warao. A trav\u00e9s de\ntalleres participativos, se capacitaron a 21 l\u00edderes comunitarios en temas de movilidad\nsegura, trata de personas y VBG, resaltando la interrelaci\u00f3n entre estas din\u00e1micas\nsociales y las consecuencias en la vida de las personas. El objetivo estrat\u00e9gico de estas\nformaciones persigue empoderar a los miembros de las estructuras comunitarias con\ninformaci\u00f3n relevante, y herramientas que les permitan identificar las diversas din\u00e1micas\nde riesgo y comprender los efectos, con el prop\u00f3sito de que el conocimiento sea\nreplicado en sus comunidades, fortaleciendo as\u00ed las capacidades locales para prevenir,\nmitigar y responder a la trata de personas en contextos ind\u00edgenas. Se destaca que para\nel abordaje eficaz de la trata de personas en el Delta Amacuro, es fundamental\nreconocer la interrelaci\u00f3n entre la falta de acceso a medios de vida de la poblaci\u00f3n\nind\u00edgena Warao, la falta de servicios especializados y la alta vulnerabilidad de las\ncomunidades. La implementaci\u00f3n de programas de desarrollo sostenible, que incluyan\nla generaci\u00f3n de oportunidades econ\u00f3micas locales y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades\ndel Estado para mejorar el acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos, es esencial para reducir los\nfactores de riesgo y fortalecer la resiliencia de estas comunidades, a trav\u00e9s de una\nprogramaci\u00f3n integrada y complementaria\n\n\n_Fortalecimiento de capacidades de los integrantes_\n_de la estructura comunitaria. Delta Amacuro, ACNUR._\n\n\n## **_7_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**HIAS**_\n\n\nEn mayo, HIAS Venezuela, con el apoyo de la OIM, inici\u00f3 la implementaci\u00f3n de actividades\npara el fortalecimiento de las capacidades locales y la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios para la\nprevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n y respuesta a la Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero (VBG) y a la Trata\nde Personas en los estados Delta Amacuro, T\u00e1chira, Miranda y el Distrito Capital.\n\n\nComo parte de esta iniciativa, HIAS provee de forma directa servicios de gesti\u00f3n\nde casos y de apoyo psicosocial a sobrevivientes de VBG y v\u00edctimas de trata. Adem\u00e1s,\nde la mano con las comunidades, impulsa acciones de mitigaci\u00f3n, prevenci\u00f3n e identificaci\u00f3n\nde factores de riesgo para la trata de personas, especialmente, en la poblaci\u00f3n joven.\n\n\nHIAS forma a promotores y promotoras comunitarias utilizando su Modelo Curricular\nde Empoderamiento Femenino, un plan educativo a que tiene como objetivo contribuir\nal cambio de las normas sociales que condicionan las relaciones de poder desiguales\nde g\u00e9nero y contribuyen a la violencia hacia las mujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes. De esta\nmanera, a trav\u00e9s de la capacitaci\u00f3n a personas multiplicadoras en la comunidad,\nse posibilita un cambio transformador y sostenible que favorece la prevenci\u00f3n\ny la disminuci\u00f3n de los riesgos asociados a la VBG.\n\n\nHIAS ha aplicado en la formaci\u00f3n comunitaria el material La trata de personas, en\npreguntas y respuestas, creado por el Grupo T\u00e9cnico de Trabajo de Trata de personas\ndel Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n (GTTtdP), as\u00ed como la metodolog\u00eda escalable de la Organizaci\u00f3n\nPanamericana de la Salud En tiempos de Estr\u00e9s Haz lo que Importa.\n\n\n198 personas han participado en los encuentros comunitarios de formaci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n,\nen los que se promovieron espacios de confianza, empat\u00eda y la construcci\u00f3n de redes\nde apoyo.\n\n\n\n_Fortalecimiento de capacidades de los integrantes_\n_de la estructura comunitaria. Delta Amacuro, ACNUR._\n\n\n_HIAS Caracas, comunidad El Valle, N\u00facleo Aliadas en Cadena._\n\n\n## **_8_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As\u00ed mismo, con el apoyo del Fondo Humanitario de Venezuela (FHV), HIAS implementa\ndos proyectos en tres estados del pa\u00eds, los cuales, desde su componente de Protecci\u00f3n,\nimpulsan la sensibilizaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n de las comunidades para la prevenci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n\nde la VBG. En Delta Amacuro, HIAS ha facilitado formaci\u00f3n sobre la trata de personas\na 129 miembros de la comunidad, promoviendo adem\u00e1s la identificaci\u00f3n de casos para\nsu derivaci\u00f3n a organizaciones e instituciones en la localidad que prestan servicios a\neste perfil de atenci\u00f3n.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n, en el estado Zulia, as\u00ed como, en Bol\u00edvar en asociaci\u00f3n con el apoyo\ndel Vicariato Apost\u00f3lico de Caron\u00ed, se han llevado a cabo actividades de formaci\u00f3n\nen materia de movilidad segura, trata de personas y funcionamiento de las rutas\nde atenci\u00f3n y respuesta a la VBG. Es importante destacar que en estas localidades\nHIAS trabaja de la mano con poblaciones Wayuu, Warao y Taurep\u00e1n, por ello\nse realiz\u00f3 un proceso de consulta previa, libre e informada con las comunidades antes\nde implementar las actividades.\n\n\n_Vicariato Apost\u00f3lico de Caron\u00ed,_\n_socio implementador de HIAS, Comunidad Wonken._\n\n\n\nEl abordaje del tema de la Trata de Personas enfrenta desaf\u00edos por su naturaleza.\nEn ese sentido, como parte de los compromisos adquiridos en el Plan de Trabajo\nestablecido por el Grupo de Trabajo para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la Trata de\nPersonas del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n (GTTdP), HIAS y la organizaci\u00f3n Tinta Violeta\nest\u00e1n llevando a cabo la creaci\u00f3n de dos m\u00f3dulos educativos dirigidos a los y las\nfuncionarias p\u00fablicas de instituciones con competencia en la recepci\u00f3n de denuncias\ny en investigaci\u00f3n penal, que ser\u00e1n piloteados.\n\n\n_Gr\u00e1fica promocional para los M\u00f3dulos I y II_\n_de Trata de Personas_\n\n\n## **_9_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**COOPI**_\n\n\nDurante los meses de abril a junio de 2024, COOPI continu\u00f3 con su estrategia\nde difusi\u00f3n de mensajes clave para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas. La estrategia\nde difusi\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s de la ejecuci\u00f3n de la campa\u00f1a \"Libres de Trata\", para\nla prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas, con mensajes claves dirigidos principalmente\nmujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as entre 13-35 a\u00f1os de edad.\n\n\nLa campa\u00f1a de prevenci\u00f3n Libres de Trata, impulsada por COOPI en conjunto con las\norganizaciones socias del CONAHVE, tuvo una duraci\u00f3n de cuatro (4) meses, siendo\nejecutada entre los meses de enero-mayo de 2024. La campa\u00f1a ha utilizado las redes\nsociales, como Instagram y Tik Tok para lograr posicionar los mensajes clave para la\nprevenci\u00f3n y llegar a los grupos poblaciones en mayor riesgo ante este delito, mediante\npiezas gr\u00e1ficas, videos y la colaboraci\u00f3n con un influencer local para un mayor alcance.\n\n\nLos mensajes clave fueron elaborados, de acuerdo a las recomendaciones y mensajes\nclave estandarizados desde el Grupo de Trabajo para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la\nTrata de Personas (GTTdP) del Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n Venezuela. De igual forma, en el\nmarco de la campa\u00f1a, se public\u00f3 un podcast de cuatro (4) episodios, con la participaci\u00f3n\nde especialistas de organizaciones como AC Tinta Violeta, Mulier y OIM, quienes\nbrindaron informaci\u00f3n sobre la trata de personas y su afectaci\u00f3n diferenciada hacia\nmujeres, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, personas en movilidad y poblaci\u00f3n LGBTIQ+.\nLa campa\u00f1a tuvo un alcance total de 1.514.195 personas, distribuidas en un 68.9%\nmujeres y 31.1% hombres. El rango etario de mayor alcance fue de 25-34 a\u00f1os\nde edad, seguido de 35-44 a\u00f1os. La campa\u00f1a tuvo un 87.9% de alcance de personas\nen Venezuela, seguidos de pa\u00edses como Colombia, Espa\u00f1a, Estados Unidos e Italia.\n\n\n_**CEDESEX**_\n\n\nCon el fin de fortalecer capacidades en las lideresas comunitarias, el d\u00eda 31 de mayo de\n2024, en el marco del programa mujeres poderosas comunidades resilientes, desarrollado\npor CEDESEX y CESDIEM en el municipio Falc\u00f3n, del estado Falc\u00f3n, se llev\u00f3 a cabo un\nconversatorio sobre la Prevenci\u00f3n, mitigaci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas.\n\n\nEsta actividad es de gran importancia, ya que en el municipio Falc\u00f3n por su ubicaci\u00f3n\ngeogr\u00e1fica y por las situaciones de gran vulnerabilidad de sus comunidades, es frecuente\n\n\n\nque la trata de personas se haga presente en diferentes formas, y por ello creemos que\nfortalecer capacidades sobre este tema en las mujeres lideresas de 9 comunidades de\nla parroquia Pueblo Nuevo, impacta de manera positiva para su prevenci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n_**DRC**_\n\n\nDe abril a junio ha brindado servicios de transporte humanitario a presuntas v\u00edctimas\nde Trata de Personas, repatriadas desde Trinidad y Tobago, quienes llegaron al Pa\u00eds por\nGuiria, estado Sucre, en articulaci\u00f3n y complementariedad de servicios con C\u00e1ritas y OIM.\n\n\n_**UNFPA**_\n\n\nEn abril, UNFPA facilit\u00f3 dos talleres sobre Violencia sexual y prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de\npersonas con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual, dirigidos a personal de la Di\u00f3cesis de San Crist\u00f3bal\ny C\u00e1ritas, como socios de implementaci\u00f3n de OIM. Ambos talleres tuvieron una duraci\u00f3n\nde 8 horas. El primero tuvo lugar en San Antonio del T\u00e1chira, municipio Bol\u00edvar, con 21\npersonas participantes (15 mujeres y 6 hombres). El segundo fue facilitado en San Crist\u00f3bal\ny cont\u00f3 con la participaci\u00f3n de 19 personas (10 mujeres y 9 hombres).\n\n\n_Taller sobre Violencia sexual y prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas con fines_\n_de explotaci\u00f3n sexual, dirigidos a personal de la Di\u00f3cesis de San Crist\u00f3bal. UNFPA._\n\n\n## **_10_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "En el marco del fortalecimiento de capacidades a la institucionalidad p\u00fablica, UNFPA\ndesarroll\u00f3 el mismo taller en el municipio Bri\u00f3n del estado Miranda, los d\u00edas 18 y 19\nde junio de 2024. La actividad estuvo dirigida al funcionariado p\u00fablico de las siguientes\ninstituciones: Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Penal del Cuerpo de Polic\u00eda Nacional Bolivariana\n(DIP-CPNB); el Cuerpo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Penales y Criminal\u00edsticas\n(CICPC); la Polic\u00eda Municipal de Bri\u00f3n y el Servicio Nacional de Medicina y Ciencias\nForenses (SENAMECF). Con esta actividad se alcanzaron 12 mujeres y 8 hombres\nsensibilizados (20), quienes en una jornada de 8 horas durante estos dos d\u00edas pudieron\ncomprender c\u00f3mo operan las diversas expresiones de las violencias sexuales, analizar\nla problem\u00e1tica de la trata de personas e identificar sus diversas modalidades de\nexpresi\u00f3n, sobre todo la trata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual, as\u00ed como generar\nprocesos de intercambio que contribuyan a la atenci\u00f3n y prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia\nsexual y de la explotaci\u00f3n sexual, para una respuesta efectiva dentro del municipio Bri\u00f3n.\n\n\nEn junio, UNFPA llev\u00f3 a cabo una Sensibilizaci\u00f3n en VBG al voluntariado universitario\nque ofrece mensajes clave en tomas de espacios p\u00fablicos. Esta capacitaci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3\nen la sede de la OIM en San Crist\u00f3bal, estado T\u00e1chira, con la participaci\u00f3n de 8\nestudiantes (4 hombres y 4 mujeres).\n\n\n_Sensibilizaciones en VBG al voluntariado universitario,_\n_San Crist\u00f3bal, estado T\u00e1chira. UNFPA._\n\n\n\n_Mujer an\u00f3nima stop (alto)_\n_OIM 2022._\n\n\n## **_11_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**Tinta Violeta. Prevenci\u00f3n de la TdP en comunidades warao del Delta del Orinoco.**_\n\n\n\nLa prevenci\u00f3n de la Violencia basada en G\u00e9nero (VbG) y la trata de personas (TdP) en\nnuestras comunidades originarias implica importantes desaf\u00edos, que el equipo territorial\nde Tinta Violeta en Delta Amacuro ha conocido en su experiencia con las comunidades\nwarao. El primer reto es la dificultad para acceder a los ca\u00f1os que caracterizan la\ngeograf\u00eda deltana, donde est\u00e1n los principales asentamientos de esta poblaci\u00f3n. Esa\nmisma distancia dificulta a su vez el acceso de las habitantes de estas comunidades\nfluviales a los \u00f3rganos de protecci\u00f3n y de recepci\u00f3n de denuncias, cuyas sedes se\nencuentran en Tucupita, la capital del estado. Pero sin duda, el desaf\u00edo m\u00e1s significativo\nradica en establecer un acercamiento desprejuiciado y digno a una cultura cuyas\nnormas sociales, cosmovisi\u00f3n y formas de organizaci\u00f3n son diferentes, incluso hoy y a\npesar de la influencia cada vez mayor de la cultura criolla.\n\n\nPara el pueblo warao, la menstruaci\u00f3n de las ni\u00f1as (que suele ocurrir alrededor de los\n12 a\u00f1os de edad) las convierte en mujeres aptas para la iniciaci\u00f3n sexual y el matrimonio,\nlo que representa una \u201cboca menos que alimentar\u201d para las familias. Dada la precariedad\necon\u00f3mica generalizada, por la misma raz\u00f3n tanto ni\u00f1as como ni\u00f1os suelen ser \u201cdados\nen adopci\u00f3n\u201d, a criollos que visitan los ca\u00f1os, prometiendo trabajo o al menos comida\ndiaria. As\u00ed, se convierten tempranamente en v\u00edctimas de los tratantes. La prevenci\u00f3n\ncontra este grave delito es necesariamente comunitaria.\n\n\nTinta Violeta, en su aproximaci\u00f3n, al menos una persona del equipo puede comunicarse\ntanto en lengua warao como en castellano. Se trata de un rol fundamental, que facilita\nel establecimiento de los v\u00ednculos de confianza entre el equipo territorial y los liderazgos\ncomunitarios que facilitan el acceso a la poblaci\u00f3n de los ca\u00f1os. Estos l\u00edderes no s\u00f3lo\nconocen perfectamente su h\u00e1bitat y su entorno, sino que est\u00e1n al tanto de los\ncambios y transformaciones que ocurren dentro de su grupo social, as\u00ed como de los\nelementos y factores externos que pueden favorecerles o desfavorecerles. Algunos\ncomprenden ya los peligros que pueden acarrear ciertas situaciones: en varias de estas\ncomunidades, los tratantes han logrado contagiar el miedo y por tanto, la desconfianza\nhacia los criollos.\n\n\nUna vez establecido ese v\u00ednculo de confianza, _**el desaf\u00edo es encontrar la mejor estrategia**_\n_**para hablar sobre los roles de g\u00e9nero, las necesidades de protecci\u00f3n de mujeres, ni\u00f1as y**_\n_**ni\u00f1os y los riesgos de la trata de personas, con una perspectiva que respete los enfoques**_\n\n\n\n_**propios de la acci\u00f3n humanitaria, desde los propios elementos de la cultura warao.**_\nEl primer aprendizaje es hablar de los derechos sin nombrarlos, para ofrecer un marco\ngeneral que posibilite la reflexi\u00f3n y la alerta ante mecanismos de captaci\u00f3n y formas\nde explotaci\u00f3n de los tratantes, por ejemplo. En este sentido _**son muy efectivas**_\n_**las actividades l\u00fadicas y el aprovechamiento de todos los recursos disponibles desde**_\n_**la oralidad, en lengua warao.**_ Nuestras comunidades originarias a\u00fan conservan\nla tradici\u00f3n de la expresi\u00f3n oral como veh\u00edculo para la transmisi\u00f3n de conocimiento\ny la adquisici\u00f3n de normas sociales.\n\n\nComo recursos de apoyo preferimos optar por el uso de maquetas, la realizaci\u00f3n\nde socio-dramas, carteleras y teatros de t\u00edteres, entre otros, para identificar roles\ny estereotipos de g\u00e9nero o plantear historias que evidencien los peligros de la trata\nde personas. _**Siempre que ha sido posible, hemos apelado a algunas narrativas propias**_\n_**de la mitolog\u00eda warao.**_ Los materiales son impresos y privilegian elementos visuales\npor encima de los textos, que son traducidos a su lengua nativa. En general, son\npresentaciones al aire libre, en espacios comunitarios.\n\n\nPor supuesto, tambi\u00e9n es fundamental brindar a estas comunidades la informaci\u00f3n\npertinente sobre rutas de atenci\u00f3n institucionales y no gubernamentales. Para ello,\nmantenemos articulaci\u00f3n regular con los \u00f3rganos del sistema de protecci\u00f3n especializados\nen la atenci\u00f3n a mujeres y a ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes. Las actividades de prevenci\u00f3n\ndan paso a la acci\u00f3n de respuesta multisectorial, y en tal sentido, Tinta Violeta presta\napoyo a los consejos de protecci\u00f3n de NNA y al Ministerio P\u00fablico, para la realizaci\u00f3n\nde evaluaciones psicol\u00f3gicas a sobrevivientes de trata de personas. Tambi\u00e9n contamos\ncon _**alojamiento temporal para estas mujeres en casas de paso especializadas.**_\n\n\nAcceder y brindar apoyo a estas sobrevivientes ya es un logro importante. M\u00e1s all\u00e1,\nacompa\u00f1amos a estas comunidades en el reconocimiento de esa amenaza que representa\nla trata de personas. Hemos escuchado a varias personas warao cuando expresan esta\nrealidad, a la que reci\u00e9n le han puesto nombre: _**\u201cS\u00ed, ha habido trata de personas, (a)**_\n_**nuestros hijos e hijas se los llevaron, perdimos el contacto con ellos y no han regresado\u201d.**_\nNuestro compromiso es contribuir a que no se lleven ni una m\u00e1s de nuestras hijas e\nhijos warao.\n\n\n## **_12_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Respuestas de la Dra. Marta de Prado Garc\u00eda y Guglielmo Schinina, Jefe de SMAPS de OIM\n(HQ), en el marco del webinar \u201casistencia psicol\u00f3gica especializada a v\u00edctimas de trata de personas\u201d.\n\n\nSobre revictimizaci\u00f3n y victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria de las v\u00edctimas de trata de personas:\n\n\n**Pregunta:** \u00bfQu\u00e9 herramientas se pueden implementar para estos casos de sobreviviente\ncon procesos traum\u00e1ticos?, \u00bfqu\u00e9 se puede hacer para mitigar la revictimizaci\u00f3n en los\nprocesos judiciales, sociales y psicol\u00f3gico?\n\n\n**Marta de Prado:** \u201cBueno esta es una pregunta bastante f\u00e1cil para m\u00ed, porque fui psic\u00f3loga\nforense dentro de la fiscal\u00eda de Madrid y dise\u00f1\u00e9 un programa de protecci\u00f3n en ese sentido,\ncreo que el acompa\u00f1amiento judicial por parte del psic\u00f3logo sanitario es fundamental. Aqu\u00ed\nen Espa\u00f1a tenemos el estatuto de la v\u00edctima de delito del a\u00f1o 2015 que lo pueden descargar\ndel B.O.E. de Espa\u00f1a, y en este hay un protocolo que lo que viene a decir es, por ejemplo,\nla v\u00edctima podr\u00eda declarar en lo que se llama la prueba preconstituida, es decir que con una\nsola vez que declare al inicio del procedimiento judicial, haci\u00e9ndose recogida en un video,\nhaci\u00e9ndose las preguntas desde el Ministerio Fiscal, desde el juez y los abogados, con eso\nquedar\u00edan de alguna manera cubiertas las garant\u00edas procesales y aunque el juicio se celebrar\u00e1\ntres a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s cuando tocase la declaraci\u00f3n de ella, se volver\u00eda a poner ese v\u00eddeo que ya\nse hizo en la prueba preconstituida, es decir en los primeros momentos digamos de las\ndeclaraciones se coge eso y se utilizar\u00e1 despu\u00e9s, ah\u00ed ya la v\u00edctima se olvidar\u00e1 de volver a\ndeclarar. Acortar los tiempos por supuesto de valoraciones m\u00e9dicas y psicol\u00f3gicas forenses\nporque todo lo que tenga que ver con tener que ir a entornos judiciales por supuesto es re\nexperimentante.\n\n\nHacer esto acompa\u00f1ado de tu psic\u00f3logo sanitario, psicoterapeuta ser\u00e1 fundamental, porque\nvas acompa\u00f1ado de una persona que es refugio seguro, es alguien que, aunque simplemente\nsea ponerte la mano en el hombro va a hacerte saber que durante tu declaraci\u00f3n no est\u00e1s\nsola y eso va a ser fundamental.\n\n\nTambi\u00e9n ser\u00e1 importante en que las salas de espera en los lugares judiciales, sean diferentes\nque no haya una espera donde yo me vaya a cruzar con gente del entorno de los tratantes\nque pueden estar en la sala de espera, que yo no me vaya a juntar con otros testigos o con\notras v\u00edctimas con las que yo no quiero volver a saber, porque deber\u00edan ser todos testigos\n\n\n\nprotegidos, personas que ya no se vaya a saber, o sea que no se no se sepa quien ha declarado,\neso ser\u00e1 fundamental para poder hacer de alguna manera protecci\u00f3n de ellas, en eso de\nhecho, dise\u00f1\u00e9 y esto quiz\u00e1s nos de para otro a\u00f1o otra conferencia, un protocolo para hacer\ninformes judiciales, donde el relato de los hechos de la v\u00edctima, es decir cuando cuentan lo\nque pas\u00f3 no quede sobreexpuesto porque eso va a identificar quien es la v\u00edctima, desde ah\u00ed\ntener mucho cuidado en ese acompa\u00f1amiento, hacer la declaraci\u00f3n en la sala judicial\nsiempre o mucho mejor con video conferencia, es decir, en Espa\u00f1a tiene que ser en el\nmismo edificio judicial porque el secretario judicial es el que acredita que la persona es quien\ndice ser, pero adem\u00e1s se puede hacer desde otra planta donde no hay ning\u00fan tipo de\ncontacto y normalmente acompa\u00f1ado de tu persona de seguridad. Yo creo que todo esto ayuda\nclaramente a reducir la victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria y como no, conocer qu\u00e9 es lo que va a suceder.\n\n\nCuando una v\u00edctima va a un juzgado, imaginaros cualquiera de vosotros vais interpon\u00e9is una\ndenuncia por lo que sea, me han robado en casa, desde ah\u00ed lo que esperamos es que vaya\ntodo como muy deprisa, y lo real es que siempre va despacio. La v\u00edctima espera eso, que\nuna vez que voy a la polic\u00eda a declarar ya todo vaya deprisa, cuando uno conoce c\u00f3mo va a\nser el proceso, que yo le pueda explicar c\u00f3mo es el edificio, cu\u00e1nto tiempo van a tardar en\nllamarle, c\u00f3mo es la persona que le va a entrevistar, por qu\u00e9 habla primero el juez, en Espa\u00f1a\nel protocolo es claro, primero habla el juez, despu\u00e9s habla el fiscal, despu\u00e9s el abogado de la\nv\u00edctima, defensa, despu\u00e9s el de la acusaci\u00f3n y luego vuelve a hablar el juez. Entender eso que\npara nosotros es habitual, para una v\u00edctima es un mundo totalmente desconocido de\nmanera que darle toda esa informaci\u00f3n va a abrazar mucho a su estado de tranquilidad,\nporque cuando uno conoce c\u00f3mo van a ser las cosas est\u00e1 m\u00e1s tranquilo. Imaginaros por\nejemplo vosotros teniendo que ir a una operaci\u00f3n, entr\u00e1is en urgencia y resulta que ten\u00e9is\napendicitis, os asust\u00e1is mucho pero el m\u00e9dico os dice: bueno esta operaci\u00f3n es liviana, lleva\nsolo un ahora la intervenci\u00f3n, vas a estar un mes de baja, no puedes coger peso, entonces\nte quedas tranquilo no tienes ning\u00fan control, pero de alguna manera tienes la sensaci\u00f3n de\nque controlas, y eso reduce much\u00edsimo la victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria. En cualquier caso, para\nprofundizar sobre este tema pod\u00e9is consultar en mi p\u00e1gina web un escrito que hice sobre\nvictimizaci\u00f3n secundaria en menores, pero podemos aplicar esas t\u00e9cnicas en adultos y desde\nmi p\u00e1gina web pod\u00e9is descargarlo directamente\u201d. Enlace al art\u00edculo: _https://martadeprado.es/libros_\n\n**Guglielmo Schinina:** \u201cEstas medidas para evitar la victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria pueden tambi\u00e9n\ntomarse en cuenta para otros servicios, para que la v\u00edctima cada vez que acuda uno de\n\n## **_13_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "esto servicios tenga que repetir todo lo que dijo en una primera entrevista, esto nos va a\nayudar tambi\u00e9n a nosotros a evitar esta victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria. Hay dos elementos que\ntenemos que tomar en cuenta, el primero es no preguntar cosas que no sean necesarias\nsobre todo en contextos de emergencia, si no vamos a ir a un proceso de judicializaci\u00f3n no\npreguntar qu\u00e9 pas\u00f3, sino qu\u00e9 necesita la persona que vamos a asistir; el segundo elemento\nes tener datos, recolecci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n de manera segura y confidencial que no hagan\nque tenga que repetir la persona su historia, de manera que si llega a la revisi\u00f3n m\u00e9dica, el\nm\u00e9dico sepa qu\u00e9 fue lo qu\u00e9 pas\u00f3 y que este profesional no tenga que preguntarle nuevamente, que repita su historia porque este es uno de los problema principales en la revictimizaci\u00f3n, no de la victimizaci\u00f3n secundaria sino de la revictimizaci\u00f3n\u201d.\n\n\nSobre v\u00edctimas que se convierten en captadoras de otras v\u00edctimas y la importancia de\nla atenci\u00f3n psicosocial individual durante el proceso de atenci\u00f3n a v\u00edctimas de trata:\n\n\n**Pregunta:** Algunas v\u00edctimas de trata dentro de sus comportamientos adaptativos pasan\na ser, o les obligan a convertirse en captadoras de otras v\u00edctimas, \u00bfexiste alg\u00fan estudio\n\n- documento que ayude a explicar esta conducta para argumentar una posible atenuante\nde la condena?. Tengo claro que si son obligadas deben ser inimputables como se\u00f1ala la\nRelatora especial, pero cuando han podido dejar su situaci\u00f3n de explotaci\u00f3n y pasan a\nconvertirse en parte de la red hay una delgada l\u00ednea que en el derecho penal es dif\u00edcil definir.\n\n\n**Marta de Prado:** \u201cQue dif\u00edcil porque desde lo emocional est\u00e1 claro que hay esa digamos\nobligaci\u00f3n de alguna manera por parte de los tratantes, pero desde luego seg\u00fan\nel c\u00f3digo penal en Espa\u00f1a un atenuante siempre tiene que ver con una afectaci\u00f3n\nen la capacidad cognitiva y volitiva, es decir con la falta de capacidad de pensar\ny de hacer, y en este caso ellas saben lo que est\u00e1n haciendo y saben pensar sobre ello,\nentonces desde ah\u00ed por lo menos en Espa\u00f1a no tendr\u00edamos ese abrazo, otra cosa\nes que desde cuestiones m\u00e1s emocionales se entiende que cuando uno es v\u00edctima\na veces necesita darle vuelta de alguna manera a la tortilla para tener la sensaci\u00f3n de poder,\npas\u00f3 de ser sumisa a tener el poder sobre otras mujeres y eso hace que yo me sienta\ncon mucha m\u00e1s autoestimas, m\u00e1s fortaleza, con m\u00e1s capacidad de hacer y dej\u00f3 de tener\nese perfil supuestamente lleno de da\u00f1o,desde luego esas mujeres tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n\ncargadas de da\u00f1o pero vividos desde otra experiencia, eso no ser\u00eda por lo menos en\nEspa\u00f1a un atenuante de ninguna de las maneras, a pesar del sentido com\u00fan de lo que dices\u201d.\n\n\n\n**Guglielmo Schinina:** \u201cOtro aspecto a considerar es la importancia de hacer trabajo\nindividual,priorizar el trabajo individual en la asistencia de emergencia tomando en cuenta\nque los aspectos de seguridad son mucho m\u00e1s delicados debido a la respuesta r\u00e1pida, de ah\u00ed,\nla necesidad de priorizar el trabajo individual para luego hacer el trabajo grupal en funci\u00f3n\nde lo que necesita la v\u00edctima en su momento, para as\u00ed poderla remitir tambi\u00e9n a los servicios\nnecesarios, esto porque por ejemplo en caso espec\u00edfico de secuestro, el trabajo grupal\npuede no ser seguro tomando en cuenta que hay ocasiones en que en las sesiones grupales\nhay personas que pueden incluso mencionar lo que la v\u00edctima estaba diciendo y eso\npuede presentar un problema de seguridad en t\u00e9rminos de resguardo de la informaci\u00f3n\ny la seguridad de los datos que ah\u00ed se comparten\u201d\n\n\n**Pregunta:** En mi caso solo he atendido sobrevivientes de TdP en el momento\nde la emergencia, por lo que han estado en el estado de desintegraci\u00f3n, me gustar\u00eda\nconocer un poco m\u00e1s sobre el proceso hasta la integraci\u00f3n desde lo que explica\nGuglielmo puede ser m\u00ednimo de 03 meses. \u00bfMarta en su experiencia de realizar\nactividades grupales con sobrevivientes adem\u00e1s de la atenci\u00f3n individual conoce si ha\ntenido mejores resultados?\n\n\n**Marta de Prado:** \u201cYo creo que ah\u00ed s\u00ed tenemos muchos estudios que ya no s\u00f3lo\ncon Trata ino en general con trastornos de estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico o grupos\u2026\nya hay estudios donde hablan de supuestos b\u00e1sicos de alguna manera de reacci\u00f3n\nde esos grupos. Yo os dir\u00eda que los tendentes apegos evitativos no van a funcionar\nbien en grupos, sin embargo, los apegos m\u00e1s ansiosos es muy posible que se ayuden\nde alguna manera en esa necesidad de refugio, de acompa\u00f1amientos, siempre\ny cuando los profesionales estemos seguros de que es un entorno seguro, porque\nnos hemos encontrado a veces a algunas v\u00edctimas de trata que en esos estados de\ndesintegraci\u00f3n pueden ser nuevamente captadas por la red, y entonces haber\nestado en un trabajo grupal pueden estar de alguna manera da\u00f1ando a las v\u00edctimas\nsintiendo que las est\u00e1n defraudando, entonces, yo os dir\u00eda y estoy totalmente\nde acuerdo con Guglielmo en lo importante que es el trabajo individualy quiz\u00e1s luego\ndurante las \u00faltimas fases yo s\u00ed incluir\u00eda el trabajo grupal, donde estar\u00edan esos procesos\nde arte terapia, de trabajo m\u00e1s hacia la reinserci\u00f3n que hablaba \u00e9l y no tanto\nen la partede la rehabilitaci\u00f3n, para m\u00ed la rehabilitaci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s psicoterapia\nindividual y luego quiz\u00e1s ya podr\u00edamos ir abriendo la grupal\u201d.\n\n\n## **_14_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "estudio", - "confidence": 0.7849664688110352, - "start": 223, - "end": 224 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Relatora especial", - "confidence": 0.7805235981941223, - "start": 254, - "end": 256 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "v\u00edctimas de trata", - "confidence": 0.6719641089439392, - "start": 186, - "end": 189 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sesiones grupales", - "confidence": 0.5695539116859436, - "start": 615, - "end": 617 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "estudios", - "confidence": 0.7312246561050415, - "start": 751, - "end": 752 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**OIM:**_ La Teor\u00eda del cambio contra la Trata de Personas de OIM, ofrece orientaci\u00f3n\npara apoyar el dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de proyectos efectivos contra la trata de\npersonas que se ajusten a un enfoque cohesivo de programaci\u00f3n tem\u00e1tica en toda la\nOrganizaci\u00f3n, centr\u00e1ndose en lo que funciona y en lo que hacemos mejor para lograr\nun mayor impacto.\nEspec\u00edficamente, identifica ocho modelos de intervenci\u00f3n que, en conjunto, tienen el\nmayor potencial para generar el cambio que OIM busca alcanzar en la lucha contra la\ntrata de personas. Estos modelos son:\n\n\n - Prestaci\u00f3n de servicios de gesti\u00f3n de casos;\n\n - Desarrollo de capacidades para la provisi\u00f3n de servicios y protecci\u00f3n;\n\n - Fortalecimiento del sistema de derivaci\u00f3n;\n\n - Fortalecimiento de las respuestas del sector privado;\n\n - Promoci\u00f3n de la contrataci\u00f3n \u00e9tica;\n\n - Desarrollo de capacidades de los sistemas de justicia;\n\n - Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para el desarrollo de leyes y pol\u00edticas; y\n\n - Investigaci\u00f3n, recolecci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de datos.\n\n\nPuedes descargarla en el siguiente enlace: _IOM CT Theory of Change_PUBLIC_\n_VERSION.pdf_ (4) y ver un video sobre la teor\u00eda del cambio, aqu\u00ed _La teor\u00eda del cambio_\n_contra la trata | International Organization for Migration (iom.int)_ (5)\n\n\n_**UNFPA:**_ la Gu\u00eda para la prevenci\u00f3n de la TdP, producida por el UNFPA y el Grupo\nde Trabajo para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Respuesta a la Trata de Personas - GTTdP, del Cl\u00faster de\nProtecci\u00f3n Venezuela, responde a la necesidad de ofrecer una respuesta coordinada y\nmanejar un lenguaje com\u00fan entre las organizaciones no especialistas con respecto al tema\nde la trata de personas, presentando criterios y lineamientos m\u00ednimos para la prevenci\u00f3n de\neste flagelo. Es una gu\u00eda que se complementa con los contenidos de talleres y materiales\ninformativos creados en el marco del plan de trabajo del grupo t\u00e9cnico. Enlace:\nUNFPA Venezuela | Gu\u00eda para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas\n\n\n\n_Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n Venezuela (2024)._\n_Gu\u00eda para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de personas. Agosto 2024. Copyright \u00a9_\n_Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n Venezuela. Todos los derechos reservados._\n\n\n\n4 https://migrantprotection.iom.int/system/files/resources/99e3d5e0-1e6e-4b53-b1a2-e90944830bcb/document/IOM%20CT%20Theory%20of%20Change_PUBLIC%20VERSION.pdf?type=node&id=5681&lang=en\n5 https://www.iom.int/es/video/la-teoria-del-cambio-contra-la-trata\n\n\n## **_15_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n Venezuela\n\n\n_**Nombres, logos, descripci\u00f3n, contactos**_\n\n\n\n**COOPI - Cooperazione Internazionale,** es una organizaci\u00f3n humanitaria fundada en\n1965 en Mil\u00e1n, Italia. Actualmente, COOPI est\u00e1 presente en 33 pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica, Oriente\nMedio, Am\u00e9rica Latina y Caribe, con m\u00e1s de 241 proyectos de asistencia humanitaria que\nalcanzan alrededor de 6 M de personas. Desde 2019, COOPI establece una presencia en\nVenezuela para asistir a la poblaci\u00f3n local tras el agravamiento de la crisis socioecon\u00f3mica\ndel pa\u00eds. En estos a\u00f1os COOPI ha ampliado sus intervenciones y actualmente ejecuta\nproyectos con diferentes donantes en Distrito Capital, Miranda, Sucre, Delta Amacuro y\nBol\u00edvar en Protecci\u00f3n (VBG, Protecci\u00f3n NNA y Trata de Personas), WASH, Alojamiento,\nSeguridad Alimentaria, Medios de Vida y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.\n\n\nMariarita Ceccaroni\n**Coordinadora Pa\u00eds Venezuela**\n_coord.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n\n**HIAS Venezuela,** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil que brinda atenci\u00f3n a las Personas en Necesidad\nde Protecci\u00f3n Internacional y poblaci\u00f3n local vulnerable, desarrollando las capacidades\nindividuales y locales en comunidades de acogida con el fin de fomentar su autosuficiencia\ny empoderamiento, promover el acceso a derechos y construir un mundo en el que\nencuentren acogimiento, justicia y empat\u00eda.\n\n\nRRSS: _@hiasenvenezuela_\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 3147366\n\n\n\nOlga Cede\u00f1o\n**Oficial de Trata de Personas**\n_trata.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo, A.C.,** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil sin fines de lucro, feminista, dedicada a la investigaci\u00f3n,\nasesoramiento, sensibilizaci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento en materia de\nmovilidad humana en contextos seguros, prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero,\nhaciendo \u00e9nfasis en las desapariciones, trata y explotaci\u00f3n de personas, con enfoque en\nderechos humanos, g\u00e9nero e interseccional de forma transversal a todas las acciones.\nForman parte de la RED NARANJA, Grupo de Trabajo contra la Esclavitud Moderna\nde Venezuela (GTEM Venezuela), Organizaciones Unidas contra la Trata y todo tipo de\nViolencias (OUTRAV), Red de Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil que Brindan Asesor\u00eda y\nRepresentaci\u00f3n Jur\u00eddica a V\u00edctimas de la Trata de Personas y otras Formas de Explotaci\u00f3n\nen Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (RED-LACTRA).\n\n\nReina Baiz Villafranca\n**Directora Ejecutiva**\n_exodo.ac.vzla@gmail.com_\n**Instagram:** @exodoac\n**Twitter:** @exodoac\n**L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n:** (0412) 885.42.81\n\n\n\n**Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Tinta Violeta,** es una Organizaci\u00f3n Feminista Aut\u00f3noma que existe\nbajo la figura legal de Asociaci\u00f3n Civil Sin Fines de Lucro desde octubre de 2012,\ntiene por objeto la investigaci\u00f3n, estudio, promoci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n, acci\u00f3n, organizaci\u00f3n\ny defensa de los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres, las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os, adolescentes\ny las personas LGBTIQ+.\n\n\nNace de la necesidad de transformar la realidad cultural y estructural adversa\npara estas personas en nuestro pa\u00eds. Ha centrado su acci\u00f3n en el acompa\u00f1amiento\namoroso, la prevenci\u00f3n y el fortalecimiento de capacidades de actores del Estado,\nde las comunidades y organizaciones sociales para dar respuesta a la violencia\nde g\u00e9nero y contra las ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes.\n\n\nCon alcance nacional a trav\u00e9s de organizaciones aliadas en los territorios, lidera la Red\nde Acompa\u00f1amiento Territorial, est\u00e1 en constante crecimiento y act\u00faa en 18 estados\ndel pa\u00eds. Ha sabido hacerse de un espacio en el espectro de organizaciones que dan\nrespuesta integral a las necesidades de las mujeres, ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes en\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\n\n## **_16_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Hace parte de diferentes articulaciones internacionales y nacionales de organizaciones\nfeministas y de mujeres, as\u00ed como de todos los sectores del Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria\nimplementado por la ONU en Venezuela en concordancia con el Estado Venezolano.\n\n\nDaniella Inojosa\n**Directora General**\n_direccion.general@entintavioleta.com_\n(0412) 3426228\n\nMarguellis Marcano\n**Coord. de Gesti\u00f3n de Casos**\n_evaluacionvbgtintavioleta@gmail.com_\n(0414) 2175797\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 6924062\n(0412) 6924020\n(0412) 6924073\n(0412) 6924004\n\n\n**El Centro de Estudios de Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos (CEDESEX),** es una\norganizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro creada en el a\u00f1o 2019, para la promoci\u00f3n, defensa y abogac\u00eda\npor una vida libre de violencias y discriminaciones por razones de g\u00e9nero, sexo u orientaci\u00f3n\nsexual, con miras a la garant\u00eda de los derechos sexuales y los derechos reproductivos,\nespecialmente de poblaciones en situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\n\nCorreo electr\u00f3nico\n_somos@cedesex.org._\n\n\n**N\u00famero de atenci\u00f3n:**\n(0412) 3233985\n\n\n\n**Mulier,** es una organizaci\u00f3n de la sociedad civil dedicada desde 2016 a la promoci\u00f3n\ny defensa de los derechos de las mujeres. En la actualidad, desarrollamos programas para\ndocumentar y prevenir la trata de mujeres y ni\u00f1as venezolanas en contextos migratorios;\nproveer atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica gratuita para mujeres en situaciones de violencia de g\u00e9nero,\ny generar espacios de reflexi\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n y activismo feminista.\n\n\nEstefan\u00eda Mendoza\n**Coordinadora General**\n_feminismo.mulier@gmail.com_\n(0424) 6254125\n**RRSS:** _@muliervenezuela_\n\n\n**Uni\u00f3n Afirmativa de Venezuela (UNAF),** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil sin fines de lucro,\nfundada en el a\u00f1o 2000, que promueve el cumplimiento de los est\u00e1ndares internacionales\nde derechos humanos que protegen a las personas frente a la discriminaci\u00f3n por\norientaci\u00f3n sexual, identidad o expresi\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nQuiteria Franco\n**Coordinadora General**\n_unionafirmativadevenezuela@gmail.com_\n(0424) 1249217\n**RRSS:** _@unionafirmativa_\n\n\n## **_17_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**OIM - Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional para las Migraciones,** es una organizaci\u00f3n\nintergubernamental l\u00edder que promueve la migraci\u00f3n humana y ordenada para beneficio\nde todos, con presencia en m\u00e1s de 100 pa\u00edses y con 174 Estados Miembros\ny forma parte del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en calidad de organizaci\u00f3n asociada.\nDesarrollamos, a trav\u00e9s de sus proyectos y programas, diversas actividades orientadas\na brindar asistencia y apoyo t\u00e9cnico en materia migratoria y derechos humanos\nen general, al gobierno, migrantes, OSC y otros socios. Nuestras \u00e1reas atienden\nprincipalmente a: emergencias humanitarias, asistencia al migrante y operaciones,\nlucha contra la trata de personas, y retorno voluntario y reintegraci\u00f3n. En Venezuela,\ntenemos presencia en los estados Amazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Distrito Capital,\nFalc\u00f3n, T\u00e1chira, Sucre y Zulia; apoyamos 9 centros de alojamiento temporal\ny 14 puntos m\u00f3viles para personas en movilidad y 4 puntos en terminales terrestres.\nPara contactarnos, puedes escribir al correo: _iomcaracas@iom.int._ Si quieres informaci\u00f3n\nde nuestras capacitaciones presenciales: _**formacionoim@iom.int.**_ Puedes participar\nen nuestros cursos virtuales (gratuitos y certificados) por la plataforma _E-Campus:_\n_www.ecampus.iom.int_\n\n\n\n**ACNUR- La agencia de la ONU para los refugiados,** es un organismo\nhumanitario y apol\u00edtico creado por la Asamblea General de la ONU en el a\u00f1o 1950.\nSu principal prop\u00f3sito es salvaguardar los derechos y el bienestar de las personas\nque se han visto obligadas a huir a otros pa\u00edses, as\u00ed como aquellos que no tienen\nnacionalidad. Junto con sus socios y las comunidades, ACNUR trabaja para asegurar\nque las personas refugiadas y ap\u00e1tridas logren una soluci\u00f3n duradera a su situaci\u00f3n,\ny que las personas con necesidades espec\u00edficas puedan tener acceso a derechos y servicios.\n\n\nLa Oficina del ACNUR abri\u00f3 sus puertas en Venezuela en 1990 por invitaci\u00f3n del\nGobierno venezolano y desde entonces promueve la integraci\u00f3n y empoderamiento\nde los refugiados y la poblaci\u00f3n de acogida, al mismo tiempo que brinda apoyo t\u00e9cnico\na las entidades del gobierno encargadas de determinar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado\ny garantizar los derechos de las personas que requieren protecci\u00f3n internacional.\nACNUR tambi\u00e9n desarrolla acciones para prevenir y reducir los casos de apatridia.\n\n\nEn cooperaci\u00f3n con distintas instituciones y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, ACNUR\ntrabaja con las comunidades en la identificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n y asistencia a personas con\nnecesidades espec\u00edficas, con el objetivo de asegurar la supervivencia y el bienestar de las\npersonas m\u00e1s vulnerables, mejorando su acceso a bienes y servicios esenciales con un\nenfoque basado en los derechos. Actualmente, en respuesta a la situaci\u00f3n humanitaria,\nACNUR lidera los Cl\u00fasteres de Protecci\u00f3n y Alojamiento, Energ\u00eda y Enseres.\n\n\nACNUR tiene sede principal en Caracas y cinco oficinas de terreno en Caracas,\nSan Crist\u00f3bal (estado T\u00e1chira), Maracaibo, (estado Zulia), Guasdualito (estado Apure)\ny Ciudad Guayana (estado Bol\u00edvar).\n\n\n## **_18_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**El Fondo de Poblaci\u00f3n de Naciones Unidas (UNFPA),** es la agencia de las Naciones\nUnidas para la salud sexual y reproductiva y la lucha contra la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.\nNuestra misi\u00f3n es lograr un mundo en el que todos los embarazos sean deseados,\ntodos los partos sean seguros y todas las personas j\u00f3venes alcancen su pleno potencial.\nPromovemos la igualdad de g\u00e9nero y capacitamos a mujeres, ni\u00f1as y j\u00f3venes\npara que tomen el control de sus cuerpos y su futuro. Nuestro objetivo es acabar\npara 2030 con la necesidad insatisfecha de planificaci\u00f3n familiar, la mortalidad materna\nevitable, la violencia de g\u00e9nero y las pr\u00e1cticas nocivas, como el matrimonio infantil\ny la mutilaci\u00f3n genital femenina.\n\n\nDesde que el UNFPA inici\u00f3 sus actividades en 1969, el n\u00famero y la tasa de mujeres\nque mueren por complicaciones relacionadas con el embarazo o el parto se han reducido\na la mitad. Las familias son m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y m\u00e1s sanas. Las y los j\u00f3venes est\u00e1n m\u00e1s\nempoderados y cuentan con mayores oportunidades. Trabajamos con socios e instituciones\nen m\u00e1s de 150 pa\u00edses para proporcionar acceso a una amplia gama de servicios\nde salud sexual y reproductiva y de respuesta a la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero.\n\n\nEn Venezuela, UNFPA inici\u00f3 sus actividades en 2003, cumpliendo este a\u00f1o 20 a\u00f1os\nde apoyo a mujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as en el acceso a la salud sexual y reproductiva.\nEn el marco de la respuesta humanitaria establecida en el pa\u00eds, UNFPA lidera el \u00c1rea\nde Responsabilidad de Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero (AdR VbG) y cuenta con intervenciones\nen emergencia en Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva.\nActualmente tiene sede principal en Caracas y acciones en m\u00e1s de 10 estados del pa\u00eds.\nPuede contactarnos a trav\u00e9s de la red social instagram a _**@unfpa_venezuela**_\n\n\n\n**El Consejo Dan\u00e9s para Refugiados** _**(DRC - por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s)**_ **,** es una organizaci\u00f3n\ntrabaja en m\u00e1s de 40 pa\u00edses en el mundo para proporcionar asistencia humanitaria\ny soluciones duraderas con un enfoque basado en derechos para los refugiados,\nsolicitantes de asilo, desplazados internos, retornados, migrantes, y comunidades\nde acogida. DRC fue fundado en 1956 en Dinamarca y desde entonces la organizaci\u00f3n\nlleva a cabo programas nacionales y regionales enfocados en Protecci\u00f3n, asistencia\nhumanitaria y soluciones duraderas (incluyendo desminado humanitario y construcci\u00f3n\nde la paz \u2013 Peacebuilding) para las personas de inter\u00e9s. En Venezuela, DRC inici\u00f3\nsus operaciones de asistencia en el a\u00f1o 2019 en Caracas DC y - desde el a\u00f1o 2022 opera en los estados Sucre, Apure y Zulia implementando sus programas directamente\ny en cooperaci\u00f3n con organizaciones nacionales. Los principales sectores de intervenci\u00f3n\nde DRC en Venezuela son: Protecci\u00f3n y Recuperaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica (asistencia\npara satisfacer necesidades b\u00e1sicas de las personas de inter\u00e9s, seguridad alimentaria,\ny medios de vida).\n\n\nPablo Castro\n**Director Pa\u00eds**\n_pablo.castro@drc.ngo_\n\n\nOctavio Viana\n**Especialista de Protecci\u00f3n**\n_octavio.viana@drc.ngo_\n\n\n## **_19_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**CESVI,** es una ONG internacional, laica e independiente fundada en Italia en 1985 que\ntrabaja por la solidaridad mundial y el ideal de la justicia social a trav\u00e9s de acciones humanitarias\nde desarrollo. El mismo nombre CESVI, Cooperazione e Sviluppo (Cooperaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo),\nexpresa su filosof\u00eda de acci\u00f3n, basada en la promoci\u00f3n del protagonismo de sus beneficiarios\nen favor de su propio progreso, con el fin de que la ayuda internacional no se reduzca a una\nacci\u00f3n ben\u00e9fica moment\u00e1nea, sino que promueva un aut\u00e9ntico desarrollo sostenible de las\npoblaciones m\u00e1s necesitadas.\n\n\nDesde el a\u00f1o 2019, CESVI ha ejecutado (04) proyectos en el pa\u00eds, enfoc\u00e1ndose en los\nestados: Distrito Capital, Miranda, Falc\u00f3n, Zulia, Sucre y Amazonas, dirigidos a personas en\nriesgo de protecci\u00f3n, mujeres sobrevivientes de VBG y v\u00edctimas de Trata de personas,\ny restituci\u00f3n de derechos de ni\u00f1ez.\n\n\nMaikely Ferrer\n**Gerente T\u00e9cnica de Casas de Paso**\n_cpcoordinaciongeneral@cesvioverseas.org_\n\n\nBel\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez\n**Especialista en Protecci\u00f3n**\n_protectionexpert_ven@cesvioverseas.org_\n\n\n\n**El Comit\u00e9 Internacional de Rescate (IRC),** es una ONG creada por iniciativa de Albert\nEinstein en 1933, cuya misi\u00f3n ayudar a las personas cuyas vidas y medios de subsistencia se\nven destruidos por conflictos y desastres a sobrevivir, recuperarse y tomar el control de su\nfuturo, por medio de, la implementaci\u00f3n de programas rentables y de alto impacto para las\npersonas afectadas por crisis, y utilizando nuestro aprendizaje y experiencia para dar forma\na pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas. Actualmente trabajamos en m\u00e1s de 40 pa\u00edses y 26 ciudades de EE.\nUU. en temas de reasentamiento de refugiados y autosuficiencia.\n\n\nEn Venezuela el IRC actualmente tiene una implementaci\u00f3n 100% por medio de socios,\nen los estados de T\u00e1chira, Apure, Zulia, Lara y Falc\u00f3n. Los programas que ejecuta son:\nSalud, Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Protecci\u00f3n y Empoderamiento de la Mujer, Seguridad\nalimentaria y Medios de Vida y Educaci\u00f3n. Adicionalmente, como eje transversal se tiene\nel componente de Movilizaci\u00f3n comunitaria que contribuye al acercamiento de los servicios\nde IRC y sus socios a los grupos poblacionales m\u00e1s vulnerables, a trav\u00e9s de la actualizaci\u00f3n\ndel contexto comunitario, identificaci\u00f3n de comunidades y grupos priorizados, incluidas\nlas partes interesadas presentes en el territorio, oferta de servicios, identificaci\u00f3n.\n\n\nGina Sanchez\n**Direcci\u00f3n de Programas**\n_gina.sanchez@rescue.org_\n\n\nMar\u00eda Daniela A\u00f1ez\n**Gerente de Protecci\u00f3n**\n_daniela.anez@rescue.org_\n\n\n## **_20_**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/dad7ee7f-435c-4f8c-a021-6d2fcb1b9664/ven_boletin_trata_de_personas_abril_-_junio_2024_compressed.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_95/raw/doc_95_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_95/raw/doc_95_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 31eb2a62067d591359ff08c6ada007313f47d8ab..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_95/raw/doc_95_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,439 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**A displaced woman prepares food**\nin a makeshift kitchen on the grounds\nof the Roman Catholic Church in\nBossangoa, Central African Republic.\n\n\n**2** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "displaced people due to persecution,\nconflict, generalized violence or human\nrights violations during the first half of\n2013. More than half of this number were\nfound in the Syrian Arab Republic alone.\nBy mid-2013, the total population of\nconcern to UNHCR stood at 38.7 million. This was the highest level on record\nand almost three million more than just\nsix months earlier. With no end in sight\nto the crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic\nat the time of drafting this report, the\n\n###### II\n#### Refugees\n\n\nthe global number of refugees\n\nunder UNHCR\u2019s mandate was estimated at 11.1 million at mid-year, 600,000\nhigher than six months earlier. Such\nan increase follows five years of relative\nstability, during which time this number ranged between 10.4 and 10.5 million. The mass outflow of more than 1.5\nmillion persons during the first half of\nthe year was partly offset by a revision\nof refugee estimates in the Syrian Arab\nRepublic and Germany, as well as the return of almost 190,000 refugees to their\ncountries of origin.\nBetween January and June 2013, the\nGovernment of the Syrian Arab Re\n\n\ntotal population of concern to UNHCR is\nexpected to surpass the 40 million mark\nby year-end.\nThe figure of 38.7 million persons of\nconcern to UNHCR at mid-2013 is comprised of the following populations: 11.1\nmillion refugees, 987,500 asylum-seekers, 189,300 refugees who repatriated\nduring the first half of 2013, 20.8 million\nIDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR,\n688,200 IDPs who returned to their\nplace of origin during the first half of\n\n\npublic revised the estimated number\nof Iraqi refugees in that country from\n471,000 down to 146,000. It is believed\nthat a significant number of Iraqis had\nleft the Syrian Arab Republic due to\nthe escalation of violence and deteriorating security situation. UNHCR continued to provide assistance to 42,400\nregistered Iraqi refugees in the Syrian\nArab Republic.\nIn Germany, refugee figures were\nreduced from 589,700 at the beginning\nof 2013 to 168,500 by mid-year, due to\nan alignment of the definitions used to\ncount refugees. As a result, only those\nwith a particular protection status **[4]** are\n\n\n\n2013, 3.5 million stateless persons, and\n1.4 million others of concern.\nThus, the combination of refugees and\nIDPs constituted some 83 per cent of the\ntotal population of concern recorded at\nmid-2013. Colombia (4.7 million), the Syrian Arab Republic (4.6 million), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3.3 million),\nPakistan (2.6 million), Sudan (2.1 million),\nand Afghanistan (1.5 million) hosted the\noverwhelming majority of persons under\nUNHCR\u2019s mandate or care.\n\n\nnow included in the statistics reported\nby UNHCR. Persons potentially of concern to UNHCR but who cannot be\nidentified as such based on the nature of\ntheir recorded status are no longer taken into account for statistical purposes.\nThis figure is consistent with the one\nused by the Government of Germany\nwhen responding to parliament regarding queries over the number of refugees\nand persons benefiting from protection\nstatus in Germany.\n\n\nNEW ARRIVALS **[5]**\n\n\nThe first half of 2013 saw a collective\nmass outflow of more than 1.5 million\nrefugees. These new refugees joined the\nclose to two million individuals who became refugees during 2011-12. Annual\nrecords show that the first half of 2013\nsaw the largest number of new arrivals\nsince 1999, a year in which 1.7 million\npersons were displaced across international borders.\nIndeed, in light of ongoing crises,\n2013 may see the highest number of\nrefugee outflows for any year since the\nRwandan crisis in 1994, when 2.8 million people became refugees worldwide.\nSince that time, an estimated 26 million\n\n\n**4** Refers to residence permits based on the\nconstitutional right to asylum, Convention refugee\nstatus, subsidiary protection according to EU\nprovisions, national complementary protection status,\nas well as derived status for relatives of refugees.\n\n**5** This section focuses only on refugees who have\nbeen recognized either on a group or prima facie basis.\nAsylum applications lodged on an individual basis are\ndiscussed on page 11.\n\n\n\n\n***** Figures since 2006 only include Iraqis in Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic who were newly\nregistered by UNHCR. The total number of Iraqi refugees who arrived since 2006 is unknown.\n\n****** First-half 2013.\n\n\n**6** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "***** Syrian refugee figure is a Government estimate.\n\n****** The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from\nthe Government of China.\n\n******* UNHCR estimate.\n\n\n\nindividuals have been displaced across\ninternational borders as part of a mass\nexodus or have applied for asylum on an\nindividual basis.\nDuring the first half of 2013, the Syrian Arab Republic was the main source\ncountry of new outflows, with an estimated 1.3 million persons seeking refuge\nin the surrounding countries. Lebanon\n(444,500), Jordan (393,500), and Turkey\n(294,300) registered the largest numbers\nof new Syrian arrivals during this period, though significant numbers of Syrian refugees also arrived in Iraq (96,900)\nand Egypt (72,200). For the first half of\n2013, Syrians accounted for 8 out of every\n10 new refugees.\nIn addition, close to 65,000 Sudanese\nescaped violence and cross-border conflict during the first half of 2013, mainly\nto Chad (36,100), South Sudan (21,600),\nand the Central African Republic (3,400).\nThe Central African Republic was also\nthe source of 55,000 new refugees fleeing outbreaks of violence, notably to\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\n(40,800), the Republic of Congo (5,100),\nand Chad (5,100).\nThe massive displacement of hundreds of thousands of Malians, which\nstarted in early 2012, continued during\nthe first part of the year, albeit on a lower\n\n\n\nscale. Some 37,700 people fled the country, notably to Mauritania (26,000) or\nBurkina Faso (11,000).\nAmidst hopes for improved security\nconditions on the horizon, the number of\nSomalis seeking international protection\nwas relatively low compared to previous\nyears. During the first half of 2013, this\n\n\n\nCOUNTRIES OF ASYLUM\n\nPakistan and the Islamic Republic of\nIran remained the top two refugee-hosting countries by mid-2013, with 1.6 million and 862,800 refugees, respectively,\nalmost all of them from Afghanistan.\nJordan and Lebanon moved up to the\nthird and fourth positions, respectively,\nas refugee-hosting countries. Since the\nbeginning of the year, Jordan\u2019s refugee\npopulation doubled to 613,100 while that\nof Lebanon tripled to 577,200.\nFurther down the list, Kenya hosted the fifth-largest refugee population, at 550,500, a minor drop from the\nstart of the year (566,500). In contrast,\nthe refugee estimate in Turkey doubled to 512,000 within the same six\nmonths, with Turkey becoming sixth\nlargest refugee-hosting country in\nthe world.\nIn addition, the influx of more\nthan 36,000 refugees from Sudan and\n5,100 from the Central African Republic, respectively, into Chad made\nthe latter the seventh most important\nrefugee-hosting country, with a total\nof 418,500 refugees. Ethiopia\u2019s refugee\npopulation was at its highest level since\nthe end of 1992 (432,000), the result of a\n\n\n\nDuring the first half of 2013, the Syrian Arab Republic\nwas the main source country of new outflows,\nwith an estimated 1.3 million persons\nseeking refuge in the surrounding countries.\n\n\n\ntotal numbered 26,600, with most arriving in either Ethiopia (16,700) or Kenya\n(1,300). An additional 6,700 Somalis took\nthe perilous journey to Yemen across the\nRed Sea or the Gulf of Aden.\nFinally, as a result of renewed fighting in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, some 40,000 Congolese left that country. For the most part,\nthey arrived in Burundi, Rwanda, and\nUganda, where they either were granted\nprima facie refugee status or requested\nthe opportunity to lodge an individual\nasylum claim.\n\n\n\ncontinuous influx from Somalia (16,700\narrivals) and Eritrea (6,200 arrivals).\nEthiopia hosted 407,600 refugees by\nmid-year.\nIn China, meanwhile, reported\nnumbers of refugees have remained\nlargely unchanged since the early\n1980s, and by mid-2013 those figures\nconstituted the ninth largest refugee population (301,000). The United\nStates of America was in 10 [th] position\nwith 262,000 refugees, according to\nUNHCR estimates. **[6]**\n\nTogether, these top 10 hosting countries accounted for 55 per cent of all refugees in the world, with most of them being developing countries.\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **7**\n\n\n\n**6** In the absence of official refugee statistics, UNHCR is required to estimate refugee populations in\n25 industrialized countries, including the United States of America.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN\n\nAt mid-2013, Afghanistan, the Syrian\nArab Republic, Somalia, Sudan, and the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo were\nthe top five source countries of refugees. Together, they accounted for more\nthan half (60%) of all refugees under\nUNHCR\u2019s responsibility worldwide. For\nthe most part, the top 10 refugee countries of origin remained identical to the\nend of 2012. However, conflict in some\ncountries and deterioration of security\nconditions in others caused a partial shift\nin the rankings.\nAfghanistan remained the leading country of origin of refugees, with\nmore than 2.5 million, most of them in\nPakistan (1.6 million) and the Islamic Republic of Iran (819,000). But the Syrian\nArab Republic moved up from fourth\nto become the second most important\nsource country worldwide. An estimated\n1.9 million Syrians were refugees at mid2013, compared to 729,000 six months\nearlier. Most of them were residing in\nLebanon (571,000), Jordan (552,000),\nTurkey (490,000, a government estimate), and Iraq (152,400). At the current\npace of the conflict and outflow, the\nSyrian Arab Republic may well replace\nAfghanistan as the top refugee-producing country during the course of 2014.\nIf so, it would constitute the first such\nchange since 1981.\nSomalis were the third largest refugee group under UNHCR\u2019s responsibility, with more than 1.1 million people in\nmid-2013, a figure virtually unchanged\nsince the end of 2012. The number of\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n***** May include citizens of South Sudan (in absence of separate statistics for both countries).\n\n****** Includes people in a refugee-like situation.\n\n******* The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection\nfrom the Government of China.\n\n\n\nSudanese refugees swelled to 632,000,\nsome 63,000 more than at the end of the\nprevious year. Chad and South Sudan\nreceived the largest number of new arrivals from Sudan.\nDespite the fact that some 40,000 people originating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were forced to seek\nrefuge in neighbouring countries, the\noverall number of Congolese refugees\ndropped from 509,000 at the start of the\nyear to 490,000 six months later. The\nmain reason for this change was the\nreturn of more than 41,000 Congolese\nrefugees from the Republic of Congo\nduring the reporting period. In addition,\nverification of registration records in\n\n\n\nUganda and other countries in the region led to a reduction in the size of Congolese refugee estimates, and more than\n1,600 persons departed on resettlement. **[7]**\n\nOther main source countries of refugees at mid-2013 included Myanmar,\nIraq, and Colombia. While the numbers\nof refugees from Myanmar (415,400) **[8]** and\nColombia (394,000) **[9]** remained largely unchanged during the period under review,\nthe estimated number of Iraqi refugees\ndropped from 746,000 to 409,000. This\nreduction is mainly the result of a revision\nin the government estimate of Iraqi refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic, based\non the assumption that many people had\nreturned to Iraq or moved elsewhere.\n\n\n\n**7** An initiative adopted at the end of 2012 foresees the resettlement of 50,000 refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo currently in the region.\n\n**8** Includes 200,000 individuals in a refugee-like situation in Bangladesh.\n\n**9** Includes 282,300 individuals in refugee-like situations in Ecuador, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, and Panama.\n\n###### III\n#### Voluntary Repatriation\n\n\n\nLiberia (9,500), and the Islamic Republic of Iran (5,300). With the exception of\nTurkey, from where Syrian refugees returned to their country spontaneously,\nUNHCR provided assistance to the majority of these returnee departures.\n\n\n\nOver 189,300 refugees returned\n\nto their countries of origin during the\nfirst half of 2013, some 84,700 of them\nwith UNHCR\u2019s assistance. Countries\nrecording the highest number of refugee returns included the Syrian Arab\nRepublic (52,800), the Democratic Re\n\n**8** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\npublic of the Congo (41,600), Iraq (35,200),\nAfghanistan (27,200), Sudan (15,900), and\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (9,700).\nThe highest number of voluntary\ndepartures of refugees was registered in\nTurkey (52,700), followed by the Republic of Congo (41,300), Pakistan (22,100),\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN", - "confidence": 0.7366792559623718, - "start": 0, - "end": 3 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6525352597236633, - "start": 49, - "end": 50 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-2013", - "confidence": 0.6600785255432129, - "start": 4, - "end": 5 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.6560773253440857, - "start": 31, - "end": 32 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistics", - "confidence": 0.7855668663978577, - "start": 311, - "end": 312 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "South Sudan", - "confidence": 0.7538849115371704, - "start": 304, - "end": 306 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "registration records", - "confidence": 0.9920262694358826, - "start": 476, - "end": 478 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Uganda", - "confidence": 0.8741158246994019, - "start": 479, - "end": 480 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Congolese\nrefugees", - "confidence": 0.8499226570129395, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "government estimate of Iraqi refugees", - "confidence": 0.7871093153953552, - "start": 601, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syrian Arab Republic", - "confidence": 0.6783201694488525, - "start": 608, - "end": 611 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Iraqi refugees", - "confidence": 0.6797075867652893, - "start": 604, - "end": 606 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "some 33,700 refugees were reset\ntled during the first half of 2013, almost\nall of them (33,500) with UNHCR\u2019s assistance. Close to 70 UNHCR offices were\ninvolved in the processing of resettled\nindividuals, with nationals from Myanmar (9,200), Iraq (7,000), Bhutan (5,400),\n\n\n\nand Somalia (3,900) being the largest\ngroups benefiting from such activities.\nThe main resettlement departure countries included Nepal (5,400), Malaysia\n(5,200), Thailand (4,300), Turkey (3,100),\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (2,300), and\nJordan (1,700).\n\n\n###### V\n#### Asylum-Seekers\n\n\n\n2013, lodging 31,600 asylum claims with\neither UNHCR or States in 92 countries or territories. Roughly 10 per cent\nof these were lodged on appeal or with\nother appellate/review bodies. The\nhighest number of new asylum applications was registered in Libya (7,100),\nSweden (4,800), Germany (4,500), and\nthe United Kingdom (870). Total recognition rates for Syrian asylum-seekers\nat the first instance were high, often exceeding 90 per cent.\nThe Russian Federation was the\nsecond most important country of origin for asylum-seekers, with a reported\nfigure of 28,000 claims lodged during\nthe first half of 2013. Similar to the Syrian Arab Republic, roughly 10 per cent\nof these claims were lodged on appeal\nor with other appellate/review bodies.\nGermany was the largest recipient of\nasylum-seekers from the Russian Federation with 10,000 asylum claims registered during the first half of 2013, followed by Poland with 8,500 applications.\nIn general, the total recognition rate for\nRussian asylum applications remained\nbelow the 30 per cent mark.\nOther important source countries\nof asylum-seekers were Afghanistan\n(26,900 claims), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (25,000), Serbia (and\nKosovo: S/RES/SC 1244 [1999]) (21,000),\nand Somalia (20,800).\n\n\n\nprovisional figures indicate\n\nthat States and UNHCR registered at\nleast 456,000 individual applications for\nasylum or refugee status in 170 countries\nor territories during the first half of 2013.\nAn estimated 15 per cent of these claims\nwere submitted at second instance, including with courts and other appellate bodies. UNHCR offices registered\nmore than 80,000 individual asylum\napplications, out of the provisional total\nof 456,000.\nThese figures exclude asylum applications lodged in South Africa, however, in the absence of such data provided\nby the Government. As South Africa\nhas reported the highest number of\nnew asylum claims globally for the\npast five years, the rankings and global\ntotals in this report must be considered\nas indicative only.\n\n\nNEW INDIVIDUAL ASYLUM\nAPPLICATIONS REGISTERED\n\n\nGermany was the largest single recipient\nof new asylum claims during the first\nhalf of 2013, with 43,000 asylum applications registered. Individuals originating\nfrom the Russian Federation lodged one\nquarter of all claims. Syrians constituted\nthe second largest group, with more than\n4,500 new asylum claims.\nThe United States of America was\nthe second most important destination\nfor asylum-seekers, with an estimated\n37,700 asylum applications during the\nfirst half of 2013, **[10]** most of them from\nChina (6,500), Mexico (5,700), El Salvador (2,700), and Guatemala (2,500).\nThe United States of America was\nfollowed by France, with 29,700 new\n\n\n**10** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\nasylum claims, notably from Serbia\n(and Kosovo: S/RES/SC 1244 [1999])\n(21,000), the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo (2,500), and the Russian Federation (2,300).\nOther important destination countries for asylum-seekers were Uganda\n(24,100 claims), Sweden (19,500), and\nAustralia (18,300). **[11]** The top five receiving countries together accounted for an\naverage of 4 out of every 10 new asylum\nclaims registered during the period under consideration.\nDuring the first half of 2013,\nUNHCR\u2019s offices registered 75,500 new\nindividual applications for refugee status and another 4,800 on appeal or for\nreview. The office in Malaysia received\nthe largest number of new requests\n(14,200), followed by Kenya (11,100),\nLibya (9,500), Turkey (8,600), and Egypt\n(3,900). The top five UNHCR offices receiving asylum applications during the\nperiod under review registered 63 per\ncent of all new claims for the agency.\nIn terms of new applications registered,\nfour-fifths of UNHCR\u2019s refugee status\ndetermination work was concentrated\nin nine countries.\n\n\nBY NATIONALITY\n\nIn a reflection of the ongoing crisis, Syrians were the largest group of asylumseekers worldwide in the first half of\n\n\n\n**10** Estimated number of individuals based on the number of new cases (22,280) and multiplied by 1.1 to\nreflect the average number of individuals per case (Source: US Department of Homeland Security); and number\nof new \u2018defensive\u2019 asylum requests lodged with the Executive Office of Immigration Review (13,140, reported\nby individuals).\n\n**11** Figures are based on the number of applications lodged for protection visas. They do not include asylumseekers who either arrived in Australia by boat in 2012 or 2013 and have not been able to lodge protection visa\napplications or have been transferred to third countries for refugee status determination.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**12**\n##### IDPs ( )\n\n\n\nthe number of idps who ben\nefited from UNHCR\u2019s protection and\nassistance activities, including 404,000\npeople in IDP-like situations, **[13]** surpassed\nthe 20 million mark for the first time in\nUNHCR\u2019s history. It stood at 20.8 million by the middle of 2013, more than\nthree million more than at the end of\n2012 (17.7 million).\nWhere UNHCR was engaged with\nIDP populations, offices reported some\nfour million newly displaced people\nduring the first half of 2013, more than\nhalf of them in the Syrian Arab Republic (2.2 million). Renewed fighting in\nthe Democratic Republic of the Congo\ncaused the displacement of an estimated 360,000 citizens, while in Pakistan\n264,000 persons were reportedly displaced during the reporting period. Other countries witnessing significant new\ninternal displacement caused by conflict\nor violence included Sudan (390,000), **[14]**\nMyanmar (201,000), the Central African\nRepublic (154,000), and Mali (125,000).\nOn a more positive note, among\nthose countries where UNHCR was operational, some 688,000 IDPs returned\nhome during the reporting period,\nmany with UNHCR\u2019s assistance. The\n\n\n\nhighest numbers of IDP returns were\nreported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (421,000) and Yemen\n(97,000).\nWith some 4.7 million IDPs registered by the Government of Colombia\nsince 1997, the country continued to face\na large displacement situation. The IDP\nfigure in the Syrian Arab Republic was\n\n\n\nestimated at more than 4.2 million by\nmid-2013, while the corresponding value\nin the Democratic Republic of the Congo\nwas 2.6 million. Meanwhile, Sudan reported some 1.9 million IDPs protected/\nassisted by UNHCR, **[15]** and Somalia reported 1.1 million. UNHCR figures at\nmid-2013 included IDP populations in a\ntotal of 25 countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**12** The IDP populations reported in UNHCR statistics are limited to conflict-generated IDPs or persons in an IDP-like situation, to whom the agency extends protection or\nassistance. Therefore, UNHCR\u2019s IDP statistics do not necessarily reflect the entire IDP population in a given country, but rather only those who are protected and/or assisted\nby the agency. Moreover, under the cluster approach, UNHCR provides support to both IDPs and other affected persons, though the latter are not included in the statistics.\nHence, UNHCR\u2019s statistics provide a comprehensive picture neither of global internal displacement nor of total numbers assisted by the agency in such situations.\n\n**13** As in Kyrgyzstan (172,000), South Sudan (155,200), and Sudan (77,300).\n\n**14** See **http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MYR_2013_Sudan_Workplan.pdf**\n\n**15** Includes 77,300 individuals in an IDP-like situation.\n\n#### Stateless Persons\n\n\n\nunhcr estimates that at least\n\n10 million persons were stateless globally. However, this report only includes\ndata on countries for which reliable official statistics or estimates of stateless\npopulations were available at mid-2013.\nSuch data were available for 73 countries,\none more than at the end of 2012.\nThis increase was due to the clarification of the status of an estimated\n210,000 persons in the Dominican Re\n\n\npublic, where a Constitutional Court\njudgment applied new nationality criteria retroactively. In doing so, the court\nconfirmed that many individuals of\nHaitian descent born in the country\nsince 1929 are not Dominican nationals. As a result, for mid-2013, UNHCR\u2019s\noffices reported a figure of 3.5 million\nstateless persons, slightly higher than\nthe number reported six months earlier\n(3.3 million). n\n\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **11**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "UNHCR statistics", - "confidence": 0.6986231803894043, - "start": 397, - "end": 399 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.920711100101471, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "producer": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5863683223724365, - "start": 356, - "end": 357 - }, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-2013", - "confidence": 0.9070061445236206, - "start": 323, - "end": 324 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "official statistics", - "confidence": 0.6290284991264343, - "start": 594, - "end": 596 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "estimates of stateless\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.6012317538261414, - "start": 597, - "end": 601 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.930402934551239, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Dominican Re\n\n\npublic", - "confidence": 0.6056187152862549, - "start": 642, - "end": 645 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "mid-2013", - "confidence": 0.9585615396499634, - "start": 604, - "end": 605 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## IN THE STATISTICS?\n\n\n\n**Returned IDPs refer to**\n**those IDPs who were beneficiaries**\n**of UNHCR\u2019s protection and**\n**assistance activities, and who**\n**returned to their areas of origin**\n**or habitual residence between**\n\n\n\n**Persons under UNHCR\u2019s**\n**statelessness mandate**\n**are defined under international**\n**law as those not considered as**\n**nationals by any State under the**\n**operation of its law. In other**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR has been given a**\n**global mandate by the United**\n**Nations General Assembly to**\n**contribute to the prevention**\n**and reduction of statelessness**\n**and the protection of stateless**\n\n\n\n**Other groups or**\n**persons of concern**\n**refer to individuals who do**\n**not necessarily fall directly**\n**into any of these groups but**\n**to whom UNHCR has extended**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | mid-2013 (or latest available estimates)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBolivia\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
75
86
94,140
23,718
3,604
3,135
-
-
30,083
51,730
1,495
36
296
31,138
-
572
22,024
25
5,138
739
-
6,927
2,799
4,296
1
-
2,288
50,518
44,034
69
100,998
163,756
3
17,732
418,451
1,719
301,068
94
-
223
-
61,049
12,695
4,025
669
369
13
3,696
2,939
183,244
11,814
19,888
-
714
55,141
183,398
43
-|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
16,791
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,464
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,140
8,377
-
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68,344
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
16,866
86
94,140
23,718
3,604
3,135
-
-
30,083
51,730
1,495
36
296
231,138
-
572
22,024
25
5,138
739
-
6,927
2,799
4,296
1
-
2,288
50,518
44,034
69
105,462
163,756
3
17,732
418,451
1,719
301,068
94
-
223
-
66,189
21,072
4,025
703
369
13
3,696
2,939
183,244
11,814
19,888
-
714
123,485
183,398
43
-|
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_16,866_
_86_
_90,135_
_5,072_
_75_
_2,451_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1,495_
_14_
_296_
_35,638_
_-_
_249_
_-_
_-_
_5,138_
_91_
_-_
_255_
_2,799_
_518_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_50,239_
_44,034_
_69_
_105,462_
_-_
_-_
_17,732_
_386,473_
_192_
_158_
_94_
_-_
_40_
_-_
_66,189_
_16,976_
_3,483_
_703_
_271_
_13_
_-_
_-_
_60,485_
_-_
_19,888_
_-_
_125_
_55,141_
_97,598_
_24_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
71
102
1,903
20,242
1,144
137
6
-
25,218
21,639
132
53
45
8
2
85
1,639
67
95
5
-
50
248
3,075
-
-
2,200
673
6,607
18
4,603
26,917
-
2,604
195
359
289
1,332
6
67
-
2,982
528
514
308
5
46
3,492
546
1,228
1,910
3,524
-
767
12,454
18,307
2
-|\n\n\n\n**14** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMicronesia\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **15**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
3,457
65
407,646
5
9,919
221,869
1,610
9,603
349
168,512
16,155
2,100
-
161
10,466
7,787
10
-
16
4,054
67
187,024
2,078
862,790
188,555
6,327
103
64,779
19
2,615
613,104
566
550,506
534
490
-
150
577,212
34
58,848
7,797
105
896
2,910
9
6,369
90,688
14,425
8,248
76,098
-
1,688
-
37
9
10,133
-
874|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
332
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48,222
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,504
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
710
-
-
26,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
3,457
65
407,646
5
9,919
221,869
1,610
9,603
681
168,512
16,155
2,100
-
161
10,466
7,787
10
-
16
4,054
67
187,024
2,078
862,790
188,555
6,327
48,325
64,779
19
2,615
613,104
566
550,506
534
4,994
-
150
577,212
34
58,852
7,797
105
896
2,910
9
6,369
91,398
14,425
8,248
102,098
-
1,688
-
37
9
10,133
-
874|
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_3,424_
_-_
_407,646_
_5_
_-_
_-_
_1,610_
_9,596_
_681_
_-_
_16,155_
_-_
_-_
_16_
_10,466_
_7,787_
_-_
_-_
_4_
_-_
_-_
_20,272_
_2,078_
_862,790_
_188,555_
_-_
_4,656_
_-_
_19_
_693_
_538,326_
_536_
_550,506_
_534_
_490_
_-_
_-_
_577,212_
_-_
_58,852_
_60_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_6,369_
_91,398_
_14,425_
_-_
_76,098_
_-_
_203_
_-_
_-_
_9_
_10,133_
_-_
_874_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
6
22
1,371
8
1,279
53,647
2,390
6
332
99,132
3,048
50,126
-
25
553
120
-
9
48
4,375
216
3,933
8,262
17
5,374
3,923
7,889
6,015
1
5,910
2,938
118
49,642
1,142
296
-
157
1,636
3
37
15,979
43
37
1,004
1
12,063
14,286
237
304
975
-
872
-
-
-
119
5
3,706|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSaint Vincent\n\n\nSerbia (and Kosovo:\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
4,413
-
1,711
-
51,232
71,909
1,517
172
50,424
1,849
42,822
134
1,621,525
2
2,467
4,816
133
1,126
142
15,911
483
113
502
214
1,262
3,309
72,856
-
2
-
-
565
14,242
57,076
4,154
3
3
662
187
-
2,339
65,233
223,636
4,510
122
-
129,930
-
505
92,872
51,183
149,709
2,380
748
82,460
-|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15,000
4,567
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25,980
-
-
-
-
-
-
321
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
4,413
-
1,711
-
51,232
71,909
1,517
172
50,424
1,849
42,822
134
1,621,525
2
17,467
9,383
133
1,126
142
15,911
483
113
502
214
1,262
3,309
72,856
-
2
-
-
565
14,242
57,076
4,154
3
3
662
187
-
2,339
65,233
223,636
4,510
122
-
155,910
-
505
92,872
51,183
149,709
2,380
1,069
82,460
-|
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_3,073_
_-_
_1,711_
_-_
_36,232_
_-_
_-_
_54_
_50,424_
_1,849_
_-_
_134_
_1,621,525_
_2_
_17,467_
_-_
_13_
_48_
_18_
_-_
_-_
_113_
_90_
_214_
_101_
_3,309_
_72,856_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_565_
_14,242_
_9,056_
_310_
_-_
_3_
_-_
_187_
_-_
_2,339_
_-_
_223,636_
_-_
_122_
_-_
_131,932_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_45,908_
_2,130_
_1,069_
_82,460_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
8,759
-
1,253
534
156
10,420
236
2
120
1,202
8,080
30
4,636
-
712
404
10
675
54
3,537
240
34
1,926
58
107
672
248
1
-
-
-
98
2,333
166
64
-
1
201
50
3
8,931
230,442
51
3,735
1,030
-
8,027
3
422
16,911
20,519
2,069
2,184
816
13,943
2|\n\n\n\n**16** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 1 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),**\n**returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR**\n**by country/territory of asylum** | mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVenezuela\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
23,725
3
18
938
2
511,936
46
192,611
2,844
642
149,799
101,946
262,023
180
141
2
3,974
-
240,371
26,928
4,678
-|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
23,725
3
18
940
2
511,936
46
192,611
2,844
642
149,799
101,946
262,023
180
141
2
203,974
-
240,371
26,928
4,678
-|
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_13,828_
_3_
_18_
_940_
_-_
_511,936_
_46_
_192,611_
_464_
_642_
_-_
_79,187_
_-_
_74_
_141_
_2_
_22,993_
_-_
_240,371_
_22,375_
_4,678_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
555
-
21
397
3
14,758
-
23,246
1,977
108
19,602
1,233
26,386
57
-
-
2,919
-
5,745
1,618
637
-|\n\n\n\n**Grand Total** **10,478,950** **628,792** **11,107,742** **7,962,549** **987,455** **189,270** **20,837,373** **688,196** **3,492,089** **1,386,061** **38,688,186**\n\n\nUNHCR-BUREAUX\n\n|- Central Africa-Great Lakes|583,469 9,604 593,073 447,555 21,895|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|46,059 2,892,355 421,547 1,302 229,419|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|4,205,650|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|- East and Horn of Africa|1,948,464
25,980
1,974,444
1,918,455
94,993|1,948,464
25,980
1,974,444
1,918,455
94,993|1,948,464
25,980
1,974,444
1,918,455
94,993|1,948,464
25,980
1,974,444
1,918,455
94,993|1,948,464
25,980
1,974,444
1,918,455
94,993|16,687
3,487,292
24,215
20,000
54,935|16,687
3,487,292
24,215
20,000
54,935|16,687
3,487,292
24,215
20,000
54,935|16,687
3,487,292
24,215
20,000
54,935|16,687
3,487,292
24,215
20,000
54,935|**5,672,566**|\n|- Southern Africa|136,397
-
136,397
46,077
275,688|136,397
-
136,397
46,077
275,688|136,397
-
136,397
46,077
275,688|136,397
-
136,397
46,077
275,688|136,397
-
136,397
46,077
275,688|27
57,926
-
-
24,300|27
57,926
-
-
24,300|27
57,926
-
-
24,300|27
57,926
-
-
24,300|27
57,926
-
-
24,300|**494,338**|\n|- Western Africa|271,359
4
271,363
256,794
9,557|271,359
4
271,363
256,794
9,557|271,359
4
271,363
256,794
9,557|271,359
4
271,363
256,794
9,557|271,359
4
271,363
256,794
9,557|10,402
377,455
21,000
700,000
6,188|10,402
377,455
21,000
700,000
6,188|10,402
377,455
21,000
700,000
6,188|10,402
377,455
21,000
700,000
6,188|10,402
377,455
21,000
700,000
6,188|**1,395,965**|\n|Total Africa
Asia and Pacific
Middle East
and North Africa
Europe
Americas
Various/unknown|2,939,689
3,273,685
2,134,583
1,615,622
515,371
-|35,588
226,572
74,224
687
291,721
-|2,975,277
3,500,257
2,208,807
1,616,309
807,092
-|2,668,881
_2,773,867_
_1,863,017_
_542,389_
_114,395_
_-_|402,133
84,880
68,375
354,820
77,247
-|73,175
27,625
87,958
498
14
-|6,815,028
2,450,926
5,613,904
1,213,419
4,744,096
-|466,762
99,898
121,297
239
-
-|721,302
1,430,429
444,274
686,061
210,023
-|314,842
963,534
6,861
94,748
6,076
-|**11,768,519**
**8,557,549**
**8,551,476**
**3,966,094**
**5,844,548**
~~**-**~~|\n\n\n\n**Total** **10,478,950** **628,792** **11,107,742** **7,962,549** **987,455** **189,270** **20,837,373** **688,196** **3,492,089** **1,386,061** **38,688,186**\n\n\nUN MAJOR REGIONS\n\nLatin America\n\n\n**Total** **10,478,950** **628,792** **11,107,742** **7,962,549** **987,455** **189,270** **20,837,373** **688,196** **3,492,089** **1,386,061** **38,688,186**\n\n\nSee notes on page 22.\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **17**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\nPersons under\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees**\n**(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by origin**\n| mid-2013 (or latest available estimates)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBolivia\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\nPersons\nunder\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
2,552,208
10,614
3,752
7
16,229
44
425
12,437
-
28
10
10,956
196
249
9,543
54
4,370
87
38
285
-
36,506
592
27,370
127
963
-
1
2,055
1,295
73,143
13,777
12,681
95
21
1
213,166
15,479
948
191,069
19
1
111,663
473
11,733
1
316
93,735
49,987
6,525
10
945
1,121
489,887
9
641
54
265
736|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
-
-
8,411
23,850
-
-
-
-
282,344
-
-
-
-
3
-
1,000
-
-
-
208
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
2,552,208
10,614
3,752
7
16,229
44
425
12,437
-
28
10
10,956
196
249
9,545
54
4,370
87
38
285
-
36,506
592
27,419
127
963
-
1
2,055
1,295
73,143
13,807
12,681
95
21
1
221,577
39,329
948
191,069
19
1
394,007
473
11,733
1
316
93,738
49,987
7,525
10
945
1,121
490,095
9
641
54
265
736|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_2,461,420_
_6_
_76_
_-_
_561_
_-_
_5_
_78_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_1,774_
_-_
_1_
_47_
_-_
_22_
_-_
_-_
_5_
_-_
_35,925_
_14_
_4,108_
_-_
_3_
_-_
_-_
_15_
_5_
_39,313_
_138_
_988_
_-_
_1_
_-_
_212,650_
_36,414_
_5_
_281_
_-_
_-_
_103,847_
_1_
_1,542_
_-_
_1_
_82,810_
_7,479_
_2,222_
_4_
_-_
_68_
_429,351_
_-_
_84_
_-_
_15_
_13_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
46,051
5,601
3,231
-
1,452
21
33
4,269
-
8
8
2,842
35
76
11,859
46
751
18
8
367
-
118
180
1,977
102
245
8
-
125
491
14,793
179
3,112
6
12
-
3,617
3,907
48
16,703
51
-
19,090
865
3,011
-
34
11,185
1,116
858
3
140
200
62,362
3
248
11
455
644|\n\n\n\n**18** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees**\n**(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by origin**\n| mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **19**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\nPersons\nunder\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
9,456
8,235
214
257,981
379
73,926
1,317
7
107
-
-
178
2,700
7,200
180
20,226
2
96
316
6,395
13,955
1,162
800
38,523
-
2,699
1,276
2
11,784
9,961
70,592
409,181
9
1,054
62
1,398
135
1,588
2,030
8,759
33
935
2,068
7,834
258
3,652
12
22,488
3,087
-
254
1
289
275
505
22
182,780
6
2|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
34,988
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,207
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
9,456
8,235
214
292,969
379
73,926
1,317
7
107
-
-
178
2,700
7,200
180
20,227
2
96
316
6,395
13,956
1,162
800
38,523
-
2,699
1,276
2
11,784
15,168
70,592
409,181
9
1,054
62
1,398
135
1,588
2,030
8,759
33
935
2,068
7,835
258
3,652
12
22,488
3,089
-
254
1
289
275
505
22
182,780
6
2|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_142_
_493_
_24_
_177,153_
_2_
_42,543_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_22_
_1,319_
_2_
_7,596_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_91_
_165_
_7_
_-_
_270_
_-_
_124_
_2_
_-_
_13_
_646_
_12,432_
_140,926_
_-_
_16_
_-_
_8_
_-_
_93_
_23_
_4,070_
_-_
_55_
_290_
_3_
_2_
_65_
_-_
_12,864_
_21_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_-_
_-_
_175,933_
_-_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
4,930
1,749
60
20,336
23
41,934
266
7
43
-
-
73
1,810
5,427
23
3,730
-
130
42
1,665
9,280
1,052
93
4,222
-
1,007
2,662
2
6,193
694
26,967
20,998
26
273
66
459
42
647
945
1,498
11
110
860
24
69
1,825
281
1,897
1,617
-
80
1
173
4,512
179
42
3,111
-
-|\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees**\n**(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by origin**\n| mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMicronesia\n\n\nSaint Vincent\n\n\nSerbia (and Kosovo:\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
-
34,284
63
8,420
-
3
1,957
440
-
1,093
63
215,353
1,070
-
7,322
62
-
17
1,529
657
14,411
10
9
24
29,254
-
96,801
105
174
97
5,071
742
-
1,654
30
-
15
496
2,192
2,498
75,033
172,450
12
566
1,315
1
1
32
439
18,622
50,403
27
5,734
66
304
28
61|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200,020
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
3,324
-
-
-
16,792
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
306
-
-
-
-
-
-|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
-
34,284
63
8,420
-
3
1,957
440
-
1,093
63
415,373
1,070
-
7,323
62
-
17
1,529
657
17,735
10
9
24
46,046
-
96,801
105
174
97
5,071
747
-
1,654
30
-
15
496
2,192
2,498
75,033
172,450
12
566
1,315
1
1
32
439
18,622
50,709
27
5,734
66
304
28
61|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_-_
_26,704_
_-_
_12_
_-_
_-_
_1_
_3_
_-_
_26_
_12_
_212,847_
_980_
_-_
_31_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_810_
_7_
_5,282_
_-_
_-_
_3_
_17,786_
_-_
_13,843_
_20_
_-_
_1_
_382_
_15_
_-_
_5_
_1_
_-_
_-_
_2_
_14_
_10_
_1,245_
_39,964_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_31_
_25_
_16,751_
_9,658_
_-_
_941_
_-_
_-_
_-_
_-_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
-
3,870
85
3,784
-
-
717
383
-
1,862
865
28,245
417
-
1,947
31
-
14
132
304
13,731
-
6
6
24,504
2
2,517
18
111
20
376
413
-
260
36
-
4
976
463
541
23,644
8,578
23
339
327
3
-
1
145
1,794
15,242
7
2,250
24
467
13
9|\n\n\n**20** UNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\nPersons\nunder\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees**\n**(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by origin**\n| mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nIDPs **[7]**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe former Yugoslav\n\n\nVenezuela\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**
1,130,939
403
102,554
51
124,436
619,088
14
65
20
13
1,888,491
578
1,682
208
15,058
9
13,214
13
330
1,250
68,998
539
14
1
5,433
5,419
74
154
1,142
4,324
164
-
5,027
1
8,183
314,194
90,476
2,228
233
22,103
15,165
118,324|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**
-
-
97
-
2
12,926
-
-
-
-
332
-
-
6
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,504
-
-
1
26,000
-
-
-
-
8,377|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
1,130,939
403
102,651
51
124,438
632,014
14
65
20
13
1,888,823
578
1,682
214
15,058
10
13,215
13
330
1,250
68,998
539
14
1
5,433
5,419
74
154
1,142
4,324
164
-
9,531
1
8,183
314,195
116,476
2,228
233
22,103
15,165
126,701|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
_1,015,128_
_4_
_102,538_
_4_
_2,344_
_578,704_
_-_
_2_
_-_
_-_
_1,796,871_
_52_
_5_
_8_
_-_
_1_
_6,087_
_-_
_-_
_31_
_15,540_
_17_
_-_
_-_
_1,022_
_33_
_3_
_1_
_104_
_14_
_1_
_-_
_425_
_-_
_260_
_186_
_90,268_
_405_
_2_
_1,042_
_62_
_5,256_|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**
30,086
219
25,546
77
18,056
22,815
22
143
36
1
33,335
337
3,415
150
2
2
2,928
47
75
1,338
8,537
173
4
1
3,090
1,130
27
38
800
337
27
-
1,315
1
594
1,710
289
1,502
262
44,610
4,164
243,967|\n\n\n\n**Total** **10,478,950** **628,792** **11,107,742** **7,962,549** **987,455** **189,270** **20,837,373** **688,196** **3,492,089** **1,386,061** **38,688,186**\n\n\nUNHCR-BUREAUX\n\n|- Central Africa-Great Lakes|974,626 8,619 983,245 723,970 96,407 46,059 2,892,355 421,547 - 162,760|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|Col7|Col8|Col9|Col10|Col11|4,602,373|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|- East and Horn of Africa|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|2,214,800
71,861
2,286,661
1,957,656
149,460
16,687
3,487,292
24,215
-
55,136|**6,019,451**|\n|- Southern Africa|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|41,432
-
41,432
2,607
53,993
27
57,926
-
-
89,975|**243,353**|\n|- Western Africa|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|391,285
3,330
394,615
308,476
53,942
10,402
377,455
21,000
-
6,189|**863,603**|\n|Total Africa
Asia and Pacific
Middle East and North
Africa
Europe
Americas
Various/Stateless|3,622,143
3,626,074
2,548,129
337,690
211,425
133,489|83,810
226,572
26,334
355
283,344
8,377|3,705,953
3,852,646
2,574,463
338,045
494,769
141,866|2,992,709
2,745,003
2,069,574
41,334
108,611
5,318|353,802
190,151
78,602
79,732
37,037
248,131|73,175
27,625
87,958
498
14
-|6,815,028
2,450,926
5,613,904
1,213,419
4,744,096
-|466,762
99,898
121,297
239
-
-|-
-
-
-
-
3,492,089|314,060
960,555
9,439
89,707
6,073
6,227|**11,728,780**
**7,581,801**
**8,485,663**
**1,721,640**
**5,281,989**
**3,888,313**|\n\n\n\n**Total** **10,478,950** **628,792** **11,107,742** **7,962,549** **987,455** **189,270** **20,837,373** **688,196** **3,492,089** **1,386,061** **38,688,186**\n\n\n**...\u2044...**\n\n\nUNHCR Mid-Year Trends 2013 **21**\n\n\n\n\n\nReturned\nrefugees **[5]**\n\n\n\nIDPs protected/\nassisted by\nUNHCR, incl.\npeople in IDPlike situations **[6]**\n\n\n\nPersons\nunder\nUNHCR\u2019s\nstatelessness\nmandate **[8]** Various **[9]**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "TABLE 2 **Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees**\n**(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by origin**\n| mid-2013 (or latest available estimates) (ctnd)\n\n\nAll data are provisional and subject to change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|REFUGEES|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Refugees**2**|People in
refugee-
like
situations**3**|Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations|Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR|Asylum-
seekers
(pending
cases)**4**|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u00a9 2013 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nAll rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are\nauthorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.\n\n\nFor more information, please contact:\n\n\nField Information and Coordination Support Section\nDivision of Programme Support and Management\nCase Postale 2500\n1211 Geneva, Switzerland\n\n**stats@unhcr.org**\n\n\nThis document along with further information on global\ndisplacement is available on UNHCR\u2019s statistics website:\n\n**http://www.unhcr.org/statistics**\n\n\n**Cover photo:** Syrian refugees cross into Iraq at the Peshkhabour border crossing\nin Dohuk Governorate.\n\n\nU N H C R / G . G U BA E VA\n\n\nproduced and printed by unhcr (19 december 2013).\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Confl ict and violence have separated millions of refugees from their loved ones.\n\n\nThe UN Refugee Agency\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a204c445-0237-3250-bc88-37c98c9b9966/52af08d26.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_950/raw/doc_950_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_950/raw/doc_950_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 399350090bcda965e7c8c71d0ac01828f2159a51..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_950/raw/doc_950_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **CL\u00daSTER DE PROTECCI\u00d3N** **VENEZUELA**\n\n#### **BOLET\u00cdN TRATA DE PERSONAS SEPTIEMBRE- NOVIEMBRE 2O23**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n## \u00cdNDICE DE CONTENIDOS Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n**4** **Introducci\u00f3n**\n\n\n**5** **Tendencias y respuesta**\n\n\n5 Tendencias\n\n\n7 Respuesta\n\n\n**18** **Organizaciones GTTdP**\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **INTRODUCCI\u00d3N**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n###### **I. Introducci\u00f3n**\n\nLa trata de personas (TdP) es un delito y\n\nuna violaci\u00f3n de los derechos humanos\n\nque tiene lugar en todos los pa\u00edses del\n\nmundo. Se define en el Art\u00edculo n\u00famero\n\n3 del Protocolo de las Naciones Unidas\n\npara prevenir, reprimir y sancionar la trata\n\nde personas, especialmente mujeres,\n\nni\u00f1as y ni\u00f1os, que complementa la Con\nvenci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas contra\n\nla delincuencia organizada transnacio\nnal. Se perpet\u00faa en tiempos de paz y\n\nestabilidad y es cada vez m\u00e1s evidente\n\nen tiempos de crisis.\n\n\nEl Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n de Venezuela,\n\nliderado por la Oficina del Alto Comisio\nnado de las Naciones Unidas para los\n\nRefugiados (ACNUR), dando importan\ncia al aumento del fen\u00f3meno de la trata\n\nde personas c\u00f3mo mecanismo de afron\ntamiento negativo en Venezuela y viendo\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\nla necesidad de coordinar el trabajo en\n\nesta materia, desarroll\u00f3 una Estrategia\n\ncontra la Trata de Personas con el apoyo\n\nde una Especialista en la Lucha contra\n\nla Trata de la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional\n\npara las Migraciones (OIM).\n\n\nEn el \u00faltimo periodo, a los esfuerzos\n\nde organizaciones de la sociedad civil\n\nvenezolana que abordan este tema, se\n\nhan sumado nuevas organizaciones\n\nque se beneficiar\u00e1n del fortalecimiento\n\nde capacidades de sus integrantes y\n\ndel establecimiento de una respuesta\n\ninter-agencial para realizar un abordaje\n\nintegral de las acciones de prevenci\u00f3n y\n\nrespuesta a la trata. Por estas razones, y\n\nc\u00f3mo parte del Objetivo 1 de la Estrate\ngia contra la TdP coordinada por el\n\nCl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n, se ha visto nece\nsario crear el Grupo de Trabajo, para\n\npoder coordinar las acciones en la lucha\n\ncontra la trata en la respuesta humani\n\n\ntaria en Venezuela. El Grupo de Trabajo\n\npara la prevenci\u00f3n y respuesta a la Trata\n\nde Personas tambi\u00e9n podr\u00e1 ser recono\ncido por las siglas GTTdP, y el mismo es\n\ncoliderado por el Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n\n\ny la ONG Tinta Violeta. A la fecha hacen\n\nparte de este grupo de trabajo Agencias\n\nONU, ONGs internacionales y naciona\nles que incluyen la respuesta a la trata\n\nde personas en sus programas.\n\n\nLa finalidad de este bolet\u00edn nace desde\n\nla necesidad el GTTdP se ha visto de\n\nvisibilizar algunas de las actuales ten\ndencias de captaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas de\n\ntrata y su explotaci\u00f3n as\u00ed c\u00f3mo alguna\n\nde las respuestas que los socios est\u00e1n\n\ndando al problema en Venezuela.\n\n\nFinalmente, en cu\u00e1nto a la terminolog\u00eda\n\nutilizada para definir las personas afec\ntas por el delito de la trata de personas,\n\nse prefiere el uso de \u201cv\u00edctimas de trata\u201d.\n\n\n\nDentro del sistema de justicia penal, el\n\nt\u00e9rmino v\u00edctima describe a una persona\n\nque ha sido objeto de un delito y la pa\nlabra sirve tambi\u00e9n como un estatus que\n\notorga ciertos derechos bajo la ley. Los\n\ninvestigadores y fiscales utilizan este\n\nt\u00e9rmino para ilustrar que se ha cometido\n\nun delito contra una persona. Este docu\nmento reconoce que el delito de la trata\n\nde personas es complejo y abarca m\u00e1s\n\nque la violencia basada en g\u00e9nero (VbG)\n\nque se manifiesta como trata a fines de\n\nexplotaci\u00f3n sexual. Por esta raz\u00f3n, no\n\nse utilizar\u00e1 el t\u00e9rmino \u201csobreviviente\u201d ya\n\nque la mayor\u00eda de las personas que las\n\norganizaciones asisten son a\u00fan v\u00edctimas\n\nque est\u00e1n en pleno proceso de victim\nizaci\u00f3n, no tienen las posibilidades a\u00fan\n\nde reincorporarse a su vida normal y\n\nnecesitan asistencia.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **TENDENCIAS Y** **RESPUESTA**\n\n**Tendencias**\n\n - Aumento de casos de trata de personas\n\ncon fines de explotaci\u00f3n laboral y\n\nsexual, en municipios mineros en los\n\nestados Bol\u00edvar y Amazonas, con\n\n\u00e9nfasis en la victimizaci\u00f3n de mujeres\n\ny adolescentes\n\n - Retorno masivo de personas\n\nprovenientes de las zonas mineras\n\ndesalojadas, exponiendo a las\n\npersonas en movilidad a la violencia,\n\ntrata de personas, abuso y otros\n\ndelitos.\n\n - La casos de mendicidad forzada en\n\nni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as o adolescentes, as\u00ed como\n\nde la salida irregular de adolescentes\n\ny mujeres hacia las islas de Aruba,\n\nCurazao y Bonaire.\n\n - Persiste la tendencia de v\u00edctimas\n\nadolescentes con vulnerabilidades\n\nasociadas a condiciones\n\nsocioecon\u00f3micas precarias.\n\n\n###### **II. Tendencias**\n\n**Desde septiembre a noviembre de**\n\n**2023 se han podido observar difer-**\n\n**entes din\u00e1micas en distintos estados**\n\n**del pa\u00eds.**\n\n\nEn este trimestre las organizaciones\n\nmiembros del GTTdP observaron un\n\naumento de casos de trata de personas\n\ncon fines de explotaci\u00f3n laboral y sexual,\n\nen municipios mineros en los estados\n\nBol\u00edvar y Amazonas, con \u00e9nfasis en la\n\nvictimizaci\u00f3n de mujeres y adolescentes,\n\nforzadas a la prostituci\u00f3n, y de hombres\n\ny ni\u00f1os sometidos al trabajo forzoso.\n\nIgualmente, se detect\u00f3 un aumento de\n\nredes de trata en los estados de Apure,\n\nSucre y Zulia, redes que no se dedican\n\nsolo a la trata con fines de explotaci\u00f3n\n\nsexual, sino tambi\u00e9n a mendicidad for\nzada, trabajo forzoso, desapariciones y\n\nextracci\u00f3n de \u00f3rganos.\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nDin\u00e1micas de desplazamientos en el\n\nestado Amazonas, desde las zonas min\neras hacia Puerto Ayacucho, han tra\u00eddo\n\ncomo consecuencia el retorno masivo\n\nde personas provenientes de las zonas\n\nmineras desalojadas, exponiendo a las\n\npersonas en movilidad a la violencia,\n\ntrata de personas, abuso y otros delitos,\n\nincrementando as\u00ed las condiciones de\n\nvulnerabilidad, tanto de las personas que\n\nregresan como de aquellas que perman\nec\u00edan en las comunidades.\n\n\nOtros factores que incrementan la vul\nnerabilidad frente a la trata de personas,\n\nespecialmente en los estados de Falc\u00f3n,\n\nT\u00e1chira y Zulia son: una marcada divisi\u00f3n\n\nsexual del trabajo, menor remuneraci\u00f3n de\n\nlas mujeres con respecto a los hombres;\n\nmayor proporci\u00f3n de mujeres cabeza de\n\nhogar y escasas alternativas productivas;\n\ndin\u00e1micas de movilidad pendular por parte\n\ntodos los gastos de viaje hasta el pa\u00eds de\n\n\n\nde las mujeres; naturalizaci\u00f3n de la VbG,\n\nincluyendo su justificaci\u00f3n y culpabili\nzaci\u00f3n de las sobrevivientes y la escasa\n\nconfianza en los servicios de respuesta\n\na la VbG disponibles.\n\n\nEn Amazonas, tambi\u00e9n se ha podido\n\ndetectar la captaci\u00f3n de mujeres pro\nfesionales, de 18 a 28 a\u00f1os, con el fin\n\nde concertar presuntos \u201cmatrimonios\n\ncon hombres extranjeros\u201d. Dicha convo\ncatoria se realiza a trav\u00e9s de un grupo\n\nde WhatsApp, las asistentes deben\n\nllenar formularios, entregar fotograf\u00edas y\n\nvideos mostrando todo su cuerpo. En las\n\nentrevistas, las mujeres reciben infor\nmaci\u00f3n sobre los posibles candidatos\n\npara contraer matrimonio, as\u00ed como una\n\namplia informaci\u00f3n sobre la log\u00edstica del\n\nviaje, que implica el ofrecimiento de un\n\npago en d\u00f3lares, la tramitaci\u00f3n de pas\naportes y pago de todos los gastos de\n\nviaje hasta el pa\u00eds de encuentro con su\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **I. TENDENCIAS**\n\nencuentro con su \u201cfuturo esposo\u201d.\n\n\nSucre sigue siendo identificado como\n\nun estado con un alto nivel de riesgo\n\nde trata de personas. Por su situaci\u00f3n\n\ngeogr\u00e1fica al oriente del pa\u00eds y frente a\n\nTrinidad y Tobago, se constituye como\n\nun punto de salida y entrada estrat\u00e9gico\n\npara las organizaciones delictivas que\n\noperan bajo esta modalidad.\n\n\nExisten movimientos de personas\n\nvenezolanas que viajan a Trinidad de\n\nforma irregular en embarcaciones que\n\nsalen de las costas de los municip\nios Mari\u00f1o y Valdez. Muchas de estas\n\npersonas son captadas en territorio\n\nvenezolano y una vez que llegan a Trini\ndad son v\u00edctimas de explotaci\u00f3n sexual y\n\nde servidumbre para trabajo dom\u00e9stico.\n\n\nSe ha detectado que en las \u00e1reas\n\nurbanas principales al norte del pa\u00eds\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nexiste un gran n\u00famero de VdT captadas\n\npor redes de trata que operan hacia Sur\nam\u00e9rica. En contraste con ciudades y\n\nlocalidades en el oriente del pa\u00eds, como\n\nSucre, Delta Amacuro y Bol\u00edvar, mues\ntran una tendencia a ser dirigidas hacia\n\nlas Antillas.\n\n\nEn el estado Zulia se han dado a conocer\n\nalgunas actividades relativas a la trata\n\nde personas, como la servidumbre por\n\ndeuda, el matrimonio infantil, la prosti\ntuci\u00f3n forzada, el sexo por supervivencia\n\n- transaccional y la mendicidad forzada\n\nen adultos mayores, ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, ado\nlescentes y personas con discapacidad.\n\n\nTanto en Zulia como en Apure, se detect\u00f3\n\nmendicidad forzada, lo que denota la\n\npresencia preocupante de situaci\u00f3n de\n\nexplotaci\u00f3n que podr\u00eda estar conectada\n\na redes de trata de personas. Adicio\nnalmente, en el mes de septiembre, en\n\n\n\nApure, en la comunidad Barran\ncones-Elorza y 19 de marzo-Elorza se\n\nreportaron casos de raptos de NNA,\n\nde quienes a la fecha se desconoce el\n\nparadero, pero que se supone fueron\n\ncaptados por grupos criminales dedica\ndos a la trata de personas con el fin de\n\nextracci\u00f3n de \u00f3rganos.\n\n\nEn el estado Apure, las cadenas de men\nsajes por WhatsApp sobre supuestas\n\nofertas de trabajo con remuneraciones\n\natractivas a la poblaci\u00f3n o diferentes\n\nmodalidades de concursos con premios\n\nmateriales, fueron identificadas como\n\nposibles modalidades de captaci\u00f3n\n\ncon fines de trata de personas. En los\n\nestados T\u00e1chira y Apure se identifica\n\ntambi\u00e9n la proliferaci\u00f3n de los llamados\n\n\u201cTangos\u201d, espacios tipo estudio, acondi\ncionados con c\u00e1maras, micr\u00f3fonos y\n\nutiler\u00eda, para grabaciones audiovisuales\n\nde contenido sexual y otras pr\u00e1cticas de\n\n\n\nexplotaci\u00f3n sexual en contra de mujeres\n\ny adolescentes. La captaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de\n\ngrupos de WhatsApp, mediante la oferta\n\nde ropa y alimentos, a cambio de videos\n\nde contenido sexual. En T\u00e1chira, se\n\nexpuso la situaci\u00f3n de mujeres que son\n\nforzadas a trabajar para grupos armados.\n\nSe ven obligadas a cocinar, lavar sin reci\nbir remuneraci\u00f3n y sufren abuso sexual.\n\n\nEn el estado Falc\u00f3n, se reportan casos de\n\nmendicidad forzada en ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as o ado\nlescentes, as\u00ed como de la salida irregular\n\nde adolescentes y mujeres hacia las islas\n\nde Aruba, Curazao y Bonaire, con fines\n\nde explotaci\u00f3n laboral y sexual. Seg\u00fan\n\ninformaci\u00f3n suministrada por personas\n\nque han retornado desde estas islas, los\n\npresuntos traficantes dedicados al contra\nbando de drogas, materiales estrat\u00e9gicos\n\ny alimentos (verduras, frutas u hortalizas)\n\nofrecen \u201cpaquetes de viajes\u201d en la Pen\u00edn\nsula de Paraguan\u00e1 hasta las mencionadas\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA**\n\nislas. Del trabajo realizado en Falc\u00f3n, se\n\nencontr\u00f3 que en algunas comunidades\n\nse se\u00f1ala la existencia de casos de trata\n\nde personas, principalmente con fines\n\nde explotaci\u00f3n sexual. Se ha notificado\n\nla existencia de presuntos casos de trata\n\ncon victimas adolescentes, muchos de\n\nellos escolarizados, quienes son for\nzadas a la prostituci\u00f3n a cambio por\n\ncomida, bienes o servicios.\n\n\nEn Falc\u00f3n, actualmente las intenciones\n\ny movimientos migratorios se orientan\n\nhacia EEUU a trav\u00e9s de la Selva del\n\nDari\u00e9n v\u00eda mar\u00edtima, contraria a la ten\ndencia inicial en direcci\u00f3n a las islas\n\nantillanas. Tambi\u00e9n se develaron casos\n\nde intentos de captaci\u00f3n de adoles\ncentes y ni\u00f1as desde veh\u00edculos, con\n\ninvitaciones que pudieran parecer atrac\ntivas. Sin embargo, en la mayor\u00eda de los\n\ncasos, las ofertas enga\u00f1osas llegan a\n\ntrav\u00e9s de plataformas tecnol\u00f3gicas.\n\n\n\nEn cuanto a los perfiles de las VdT, a partir\n\ndel an\u00e1lisis acumulado de la asistencia a\n\nVdT, persiste la tendencia de v\u00edctimas ado\nlescentes con vulnerabilidades asociadas\n\na condiciones socioecon\u00f3micas precarias\n\ny entornos con redes de apoyo d\u00e9biles\n\n- inexistentes. Adem\u00e1s, se observa que\n\nlas adolescentes y mujeres que son\n\nmadres de ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as menores de 5\n\na\u00f1os se encuentran en una situaci\u00f3n de\n\nmayor riesgo ante las ofertas enga\u00f1osas\n\nde empleo o la explotaci\u00f3n sexual como\n\nmedio de supervivencia.\n\n\n**Respuesta miembros GTTdP**\n\n\n**DRC.** **En el estado Sucre implement\u00f3**\n\n**su programa monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n**\n\n**mediante el que ha podido identificar**\n\ntecci\u00f3n por medio de alimentos calientes\n\nde emergencia y transporte humanitario\n\nde emergencia; se logr\u00f3 as\u00ed dar una\n\nrespuesta integral y unificada a la persona\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nsu programa de monitoreo de protecci\u00f3n\n\nmediante el que ha podido identificar el\n\nriesgo de trata de personas y desarrollar\n\nun mejor entendimiento de las tenden\ncias asociadas. As\u00ed, se ha comprendido\n\nque la falta de acceso a medios de vida\n\ny la falta de oportunidades acad\u00e9micas\n\npara la poblaci\u00f3n joven incrementan la\n\nexposici\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n a la captaci\u00f3n.\n\nDesde esta l\u00f3gica, DRC ha habilit\nado un centro juvenil en G\u00fciria junto a\n\nlas instalaciones del Centro de Aloja\nmiento Temporal (CAT), donde se dictan\n\ncursos en oficios tales como ofim\u00e1tica,\n\ncontabilidad, gastronom\u00eda, panader\u00eda,\n\nreposter\u00eda y barber\u00eda. Se busca as\u00ed ofre\ncer un espacio seguro para la poblaci\u00f3n\n\njoven de los municipios Valdez y Mari\u00f1o,\n\ndonde se incrementen sus capacidades\n\na trav\u00e9s de las formaciones en oficios.\n\n\nDesde el mes de julio se han atendido en\n\nel CAT a personas en tr\u00e1nsito de la India,\n\n\n\nPakist\u00e1n, Nepal y Siria, muchas de ellas\n\ncon perfil de refugiadas. Adem\u00e1s, en una\n\nincursi\u00f3n de DRC al Estado Bol\u00edvar se\n\nobtuvo en una alcabala una informaci\u00f3n\n\nrelativa al tr\u00e1nsito de estos grupos de\n\npersonas desde Valdez hacia Delta\n\nAmacuro, donde se presupone que\n\npodr\u00edan estar siendo explotadas para el\n\ntrabajo en las minas.\n\n\nDRC, junto a su socio implementador\n\nC\u00e1ritas, ha trabajado en la respuesta y\n\nprevenci\u00f3n de la trata a trav\u00e9s de ses\niones informativas en la comunidad para\n\ncompartir informaci\u00f3n confiable y pre\ncisa sobre c\u00f3mo reconocer y responder\n\na casos de trata de personas.\n\n\nEs importante destacar que, de forma\n\ncomplementaria a las actividades de\n\nmedios de vida y sesiones informati\nvas, DRC y su socio C\u00e1ritas han dado\n\nrespuesta de emergencia a casos de\n\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (II)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nv\u00edctimas a trav\u00e9s de las Asistencias\n\nIndividuales de Protecci\u00f3n, con el obje\ntivo de mitigar la exposici\u00f3n a riesgos\n\ninminentes en casos particulares. Las\n\nbeneficiarias de este tipo de asistencias\n\nse han ido identificando a trav\u00e9s de los\n\nCAT de G\u00fciria y Berm\u00fadez, general\nmente en el marco de las repatriaciones\n\ndesde Trinidad, y han contado con\n\napoyos como transporte humanitario,\n\nalojamiento de emergencia, consultas\n\nm\u00e9dicas especializadas (ginecolog\u00eda,\n\npsicolog\u00eda), tratamientos m\u00e9dicos\n\ncuando es requerido para mitigar los\n\nefectos causados por las vulneraciones\n\nde DDHH en las v\u00edctimas de trata.\n\n\nEn el estado Zulia, DRC recibi\u00f3 por\n\nremisi\u00f3n de Caritas un caso de trata\n\nde personas con fines de explotaci\u00f3n\n\nlaboral atendido mediante asistencia\n\nindividual de protecci\u00f3n (IPA) con trans\nporte humanitario, para el traslado de la\n\nv\u00edctima retornada en Venezuela hasta\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\nsu lugar de destino. Se trat\u00f3 de un hombre\n\nadulto quien emigr\u00f3 a Colombia, debido a\n\nuna interesante oferta de trabajo de des\ncarga de camiones en una empresa, cuyos\n\nbeneficios supuestamente inclu\u00edan los\n\ngastos de estad\u00eda, alimentaci\u00f3n, traslado y\n\nvi\u00e1ticos. Sin embargo, a su llegada al lugar,\n\nesto no fue cumplido, y, contrariamente\n\na lo prometido, fue v\u00edctima de constantes\n\nabusos y sobrecarga de trabajo, as\u00ed como\n\nde agresi\u00f3n f\u00edsica y amenazas de muerte\n\nhacia \u00e9l y su familia ante sus reclamos por\n\nlas condiciones en las que se encontraba\n\ntrabajando. Esto le llev\u00f3 a escapar del\n\nlugar, logrando llegar a la frontera con Ven\nezuela, donde fue trasladado a la casa de\n\nalojamiento temporal de C\u00e1ritas y recibi\u00f3\n\nasistencia por el equipo de DRC. La per\nsona de inter\u00e9s neg\u00f3 su consentimiento\n\ninformado para ser derivada.\n\n\nEn el mismo caso, DRC brind\u00f3 asistencia\n\na una mujer venezolana de 28 a\u00f1os madre\n\nde dos NNA captada con una oferta de tra\n\n\nbajo para viajar a Colombia. Emprendi\u00f3\n\nel viaje caminando largas distancias y, en\n\nocasiones, algunos camiones de carga los\n\ndesplazaban hasta el pueblo m\u00e1s cercano,\n\nhasta llegar a la ciudad de Villavicencio,\n\nen Colombia. Al llegar all\u00ed, los hombres del\n\ngrupo le revelaron que la promesa de tra\nbajo fue un enga\u00f1o y la amenazaron con\n\natentar contra su vida si no cooperaba.\n\nFrente a la resistencia de la v\u00edctima, el\n\ngrupo de hombres la agredi\u00f3 sexualmente\n\ny no recibi\u00f3 asistencia m\u00e9dica. Cuando la\n\npersona de inter\u00e9s consigui\u00f3 volver a Ven\nezuela, fue identificada por la Defensor\u00eda\n\ndel Pueblo en primera instancia y luego\n\nremitida a C\u00e1ritas Parroquial, quien brind\u00f3\n\nalojamiento temporal y atenci\u00f3n psicoso\ncial.\n\nEl Equipo de DRC hizo enlace con el Hos\npital Jos\u00e9 P\u00e1ez para que la sobreviviente\n\nrecibiera la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica pertinente.\n\nEs importante resaltar el trabajo com\nplementario que se llev\u00f3 a cabo gracias\n\na la articulaci\u00f3n exitosa con la entidad\n\n\n\nde inter\u00e9s.\n\n\nEn la comunidad de Llano Alto durante el mes\n\nde octubre, en una de las sesiones de for\nmaci\u00f3n de los Comit\u00e9s de Protecci\u00f3n Basada\n\nen la Comunidad, se dio a conocer infor\nmaci\u00f3n sobre el caso de una ni\u00f1a de 10 a\u00f1os\n\nque fue explotada sexualmente a cambio de\n\ncomida por parte de personas ajenas a la\n\ncomunidad. Debido a que la comunidad no\n\nquiso identificar a la ni\u00f1a, se proporcion\u00f3\n\ninformaci\u00f3n y sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre derechos\n\ny protecci\u00f3n de la ni\u00f1ez y la ruta para realizar\n\nderivaciones a los \u00f3rganos pertinentes. DRC\n\nha trabajado para formar a los l\u00edderes comu\nnitarios de dicha comunidad para que puedan\n\npromover los derechos de NNA.\n\n\n**ICR** . **Durante el segundo semestre de**\n\n**2023, el Comit\u00e9 de Rescate Internacional**\n\n**y sus socios aplicaron 42 grupos focales**\n\ncomo parte de una estrategia de movilizaci\u00f3n\n\ncomunitaria, que se propone conocer de pri\nmera mano las necesidades humanitarias e\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (III)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nintereses de las personas, especialmente\n\nen el \u00e1rea de protecci\u00f3n. Territorialmente,\n\nse aplicaron quince grupos focales en dif\nerentes comunidades de los municipios\n\nR\u00f3mulo Gallegos y P\u00e1ez; cinco en los\n\nmunicipios Michelena, Garc\u00eda de Hevia,\n\nPanamericano y Ayacucho del estado\n\nT\u00e1chira; diecis\u00e9is en los municipios Colina\n\ny Miranda del estado Falc\u00f3n y seis en el\n\nmunicipio Mara del estado Zulia.\n\n\nIRC y sus socios Uniandes y Azul Posi\ntivo han fortalecido el conocimiento sobre\n\nla trata de personas en comunidades\n\nde los estados Apure, T\u00e1chira, Falc\u00f3n y\n\nZulia, a trav\u00e9s de mensajes clave trans\nmitidos durante sesiones informativas\n\nsobre VbG. Por otra parte, mediante el\n\nprograma de apoyo psicosocial dirigido\n\na las ni\u00f1as y adolescentes entre 10 y 19\n\na\u00f1os ha transmitido informaci\u00f3n sobre\n\nlos riesgos y mecanismos de prevenci\u00f3n\n\nfrente a la trata de personas. Mediante\n\n\n\nherramientas especializadas, ha logrado\n\ncomprobar que las adolescentes son\n\ncapaces de reconocer que todas las per\nsonas pueden ser v\u00edctimas de trata, lo\n\nque sirve al prop\u00f3sito de fortalecer su\n\nconocimiento y autocuidado e incluso la\n\nconstrucci\u00f3n de redes de apoyo sororal.\n\nAsimismo, a trav\u00e9s del programa Comit\u00e9\n\nde Mujeres, se transmite informaci\u00f3n a\n\nmujeres l\u00edderes comunitarias que son\n\n- tienen el potencial de convertirse en\n\nreferentes comunitarios, as\u00ed como la\n\ncapacidad de difusi\u00f3n de mensajes de\n\nprevenci\u00f3n de trata de personas. Ambos\n\nprogramas se llevan a cabo en Apure,\n\nT\u00e1chira, Falc\u00f3n, Lara y Zulia.\n\n\n**OIM** _**.**_ **OIM continu\u00f3 su participacion**\n\n**en distintos foros de coordinaci\u00f3n y**\n\n**articulaci\u00f3n, los cuales son integra-**\n\n**dos por actores locales de organismos**\n\n**gubernamentales,organizaciones**\n\n**humanitarias y comunitarias** .\n\n\n\nEntre algunas se mencionan, la Mesa\n\nT\u00e9cnica de Protecci\u00f3n liderada por la\n\nGobernaci\u00f3n del estado Amazonas y la\n\nMesa de Genero dirigida por la Gober\nnaci\u00f3n del estado Miranda.\n\nEn el estado Amazonas, la OIM viene\n\nejecutando una serie de sesiones infor\nmativas bajo el lema: \u201cTomate un caf\u00e9 y\n\ncharlemos de trata\u201d, la actividad tiene\n\ncomo objetivo la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de\n\npersonas, en el \u00e1mbito comunitario e insti\ntucional, siendo realizada en el Bulevar\n\nAtures de Puerto Ayacucho.\n\nEn los estados Zulia y Falcon se efectua\nron jornadas de capacitaci\u00f3n sobre trata\n\nde personas en contextos de emergencia,\n\na 150 funcionarios/as gubernamentales y\n\ncuerpos de seguridad locales. Entre tanto,\n\nse han capacitado a 60 personas pertene\ncientes a organizaciones de la sociedad\n\ncivil. Del mismo modo, la OIM imparti\u00f3 una\n\nserie de capacitaciones sobre detecci\u00f3n,\n\nidentificaci\u00f3n, derivaci\u00f3n y asistencia a v\u00edc\n\n\ntimas de trata de personas a promotores\n\ncomunitarios (28) en la parroquia Petare\n\n(Alcabala y Antonio Jose de Sucre); per\nsonal (28) de las Secretarias de G\u00e9nero\n\ndel estado Miranda; funcionarios guberna\nmentales (30) del Eje Valles del Tuy del\n\nestado Miranda; personal (38) de organis\nmos gubernamentales del municipio Cruz\n\nSalmer\u00f3n Acosta (Sucre), y personal (12)\n\nde organizaciones de la sociedad civil en\n\nValencia (Carabobo).\n\n\n_\u00a9IOM. Ponencia sobre la trata de personas_\n\n_y los derechos humanos. (2023)_\n\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (IV)**\n\n\n\nLa OIM facilit\u00f3 una clase especial\n\ndirigida a 60 jueces y juezas adscritos a\n\nlos Circuitos con competencia en Delitos\n\nde Violencia contra la Mujer, como parte\n\ndel Programa de Formaci\u00f3n en Materia\n\nde Trata de Personas con Perspectiva\n\nde G\u00e9nero, organizado por el Tribu\nnal Supremo de Justicia, a trav\u00e9s de la\n\nEscuela Nacional de la Magistratura. En\n\nesta actividad, la OIM comparti\u00f3 infor\nmaci\u00f3n sobre aspectos relacionados\n\ncon el delito de la trata de personas, sus\n\ncaracter\u00edsticas, la evoluci\u00f3n en el con\n\n\npr\u00e1cticas para el abordaje de la trata de\n\npersonas, entre otros temas.\n\n\n\nEstudios.\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\nla OIM ha ejecutado una serie de activ\nidades para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de\n\n\n\nmujeres, ni\u00f1as y adolescentes, tipificada\n\ncomo una forma de violencia de g\u00e9nero\n\nen el pa\u00eds. Entre las actividades efec\ntuadas a nivel nacional, se encuentran\n\nsensibilizaciones para la prevenci\u00f3n y\n\nprotecci\u00f3n de las comunidades, jornadas\n\nde salud sexual y reproductiva, planifi\ncaci\u00f3n familiar, campa\u00f1as de orientaci\u00f3n\n\npreventiva a trav\u00e9s de la entrega de\n\nmateriales, cine foros, obra de teatro,\n\nentre otras actividades, en los estados\n\nMiranda, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Falcon, T\u00e1chira,\n\nAmazonas y Zulia, y talleres dirigidos a\n\norganizaciones de la sociedad civil lid\neradas por mujeres, j\u00f3venes y personas\n\nde la comunidad sexo/g\u00e9nero diversa.\n\n\n_\u00a9IOM. Participacion en MOVENU.(2023)_\n\n\n\n\n\nhumana y su relaci\u00f3n con la trata, el\n\nperfil de v\u00edctima y victimario de la trata\n\nde personas, los mecanismos de control\n\ny sometimiento de v\u00edctimas, el abordaje\n\npenal de la trata de personas, la vincu\nlaci\u00f3n de la trata de personas con otros\n\ndelitos conexos, los problemas identi\nficados en la investigaci\u00f3n penal y la\n\njudicializaci\u00f3n en la Regi\u00f3n, las buenas\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\n_publicos. (2023)_\n\nEn el Foro sobre Derechos Humanos\n\norganizado por la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica\n\ndel T\u00e1chira (San Crist\u00f3bal), la OIM\n\nrealiz\u00f3 una ponencia sobre la trata de\n\npersonas y los derechos humanos.\n\nDicho evento cont\u00f3 con la participaci\u00f3n\n\nde 80 estudiantes y profesores de la\n\nEscuela de Derecho de dicha Casa de\n\n\n\nEn el mes de octubre OIM particip\u00f3\n\ncon otras agencias del Sistema ONU,\n\nen charlas dirigidas a estudiantes par\nticipantes en el Modelo Venezolano de\n\nNaciones Unidas (MOVENU), que tuvo\n\nlugar en salones de la Universidad Met\nropolitana, en las que se habl\u00f3 sobre los\n\nderechos de las v\u00edctimas de trata de per\nsonas.\n\n\nEl 16 de noviembre OIM como co-lider\n\ndel GTTdP dict\u00f3 un webinar sobre la\n\nGu\u00eda para Espacios de Alojamiento\n\nTemporal para V\u00edctimas de Trata de Per\nsonas en Venezuela\u201d, promovido por el\n\nGrupo de Gesti\u00f3n de casos del AdR de\n\nVbG, a la que asistieron 49 personas\n\nrepresentantes de ONG, ONGI y agen\ncias del Sistema ONU en Venezuela.\n\n\nEn el marco de los 16 d\u00edas de activismo,\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n### II. RESPUESTA (V) Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\n**HIAS** _**.**_ **HIAS lider\u00f3 una iniciativa con-**\n\n**junta entre todas las organizaciones**\n\n**que participan en el GTTdP para**\n\n**manejar un lenguaje com\u00fan sobre**\n\n**el fen\u00f3meno de la trata que imple-**\n\n**ment\u00f3 en las comunidades durante**\n\n**sus actividades formativas en los**\n\n**estados Amazonas y Apure gracias**\n\n**al apoyo del ACNUR, con el objetivo**\n\n**de reconocer formas de captaci\u00f3n y**\n\n**estrategias para prevenir este delito.**\n\n\nCon la poblaci\u00f3n joven se trabaj\u00f3 con\n\nlas estrategias previstas en la Caja de\n\nHerramientas para prevenir la trata\n\nde personas a trav\u00e9s del arte de la\n\nOIM, donde se abordaron temas como\n\nestrategias de autoprotecci\u00f3n y proyecto\n\nde vida logrando formar a m\u00e1s de 238\n\nj\u00f3venes de distintas comunidades de\n\nAmazonas y Apure. Con \u00e9nfasis en\n\nrecomendaciones para reconocer las\n\n\n\n_\u00a9HIAS. Formaciones en trata de personas. (2023)_\n\n\n_\u00a9HIAS.Trabajo con funcionarios_ p\u00fablicos y de seguridad _.(2023)_\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\nconductas que constituyen este delito\n\nse trabaj\u00f3 con m\u00e1s de 555 funcionarios\n\np\u00fablicos y de seguridad en ambos esta\ndos a fin de incidir en la identificaci\u00f3n\n\nde nuevos casos. La articulaci\u00f3n con\n\nlas autoridades es fundamental para el\n\nacompa\u00f1amiento a las sobrevivientes.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (VI)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\n**ACNUR** _**.**_ **El Alto Comisionado de**\n\n**Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados**\n\n**juntamente con el Cl\u00faster de Protec-**\n\n**ci\u00f3n y OIM, present\u00f3 tres funciones** de\n\n**la obra teatral inmersiva La Carnada,**\n\nen la que, a trav\u00e9s de historias reales, se\n\ntransport\u00f3 al p\u00fablico de Petare al mundo\n\ninterno de las V\u00edctimas de Trata de estos\n\nrelatos.\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n**COOPI.** **El 06 de octubre de 2023,**\n\n**COOPI, en el marco del proyecto en**\n\n**consorcio CONAHVE, realiz\u00f3 cine**\n\n**foro de la pel\u00edcula \u201cSonido de Liber-**\n\n**tad\u201d, contando con la participaci\u00f3n de**\n\n**un panel de personas expertas como**\n\nDaniella Inojosa (Tinta Violeta), Este\nfan\u00eda Mendoza (Mulier), Carlos Trapani\n\n(Cecodap) y Norma Ferrer Gonz\u00e1lez\n\n(OIM/Cl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n). A trav\u00e9s\n\nde la proyecci\u00f3n de la pel\u00edcula, se pudo\n\ndesarrollar un espacio de reflexi\u00f3n y sen\nsibilizaci\u00f3n, intercambiando diferentes\n\nperspectivas con relaci\u00f3n a la pieza cin\nematogr\u00e1fica, los mitos reflejados, y su\n\nimpacto en relaci\u00f3n con la lucha contra\n\nla trata, en especial de ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as y\n\nadolescentes. Este espacio permiti\u00f3 vis\nibilizar las acciones que llevan a cabo\n\ndiversas organizaciones de la sociedad\n\ncivil para la prevenci\u00f3n de la Trata en\n\nel pa\u00eds, y el trabajo de articulaci\u00f3n que\n\nse ha venido generando para garantizar\n\n\n\nuna asistencia integral, digna y de cali\ndad a las v\u00edctimas de este delito.\n\n\n**CESVI.** **En el marco de los 16 d\u00edas de**\n\n**activ\u00edsimo, CESVI realiz\u00f3 en el Estado**\n\n**Falc\u00f3n, Municipio Zamora el taller de**\n\n**prevenci\u00f3n comunitaria denominada**\n\n**\u201cViolencias digitales\u201d, cuyo prop\u00f3sito**\n\n**fue identificar las violencias digitales,**\n\n**y su relaci\u00f3n con el delito de trata de**\n\n**personas.** Logrando sensibilizar alrede\n\n\ndor de 31 personas, siendo la mayor\u00eda\n\nde los asistentes NNA estudiantes de la\n\nlocalidad.\n\n\nComo parte de la sensibilizaci\u00f3n se\n\ncompartieron videos alusivos a la vio\nlencia digital, cre\u00e1ndose un espacio de\n\nreflexi\u00f3n sobre las consecuencias de\n\nesas acciones violentas, con particular\n\n\u00e9nfasis en la captaci\u00f3n de personas a\n\ntrav\u00e9s de las redes sociales.\n\n\nEl 24 de noviembre, en la ciudad de\n\nMaracaibo \u2013 Zulia, CESVI realiz\u00f3 una\n\ncapacitaci\u00f3n sobre trata de personas a\n\nla ONG Fundana, organizaci\u00f3n que tra\nbaja en atenci\u00f3n directa a NNA y sus\n\nfamilias en situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad.\n\n\nLa finalidad de dicha capacitaci\u00f3n fue\n\ndejar capacidad instalada en dicha\n\ninstituci\u00f3n para prevenir y/o identificar\n\na NNA que pudieran estar en riesgo de\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (VII)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\ny Apure) donde se proyect\u00f3 la pel\u00edcula\n\n\u201cLas Elegidas\u201d. Adem\u00e1s, aproximada\nmente 100 funcionarios/as del Estado,\n\ntanto de instituciones del sistema de\n\nprotecci\u00f3n como del sistema educativo,\n\nfueron capacitados para la prevenci\u00f3n,\n\nmitigaci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n de la trata de per\nsonas en varios estados del pa\u00eds (Sucre,\n\nDelta Amacuro y Amazonas durante el\n\ntrimestre septiembre-noviembre).\n\n\nEn cuanto a la asistencia, desde Tinta\n\nVioleta para ejemplificar la situaci\u00f3n que\n\nviven las m\u00faltiples v\u00edctimas de trata, com\npartimos las historias de tres de ellas. En\n\nel Distrito Capital se ha proporcionado\n\nasistencia directa y diversos servicios\n\nmultisectoriales a una sobreviviente de\n\nTrata de Personas remitida por el centro\n\nde DDHH de la UCAB. Esta persona fue\n\nv\u00edctima de explotaci\u00f3n sexual en Per\u00fa,\n\nreclutada por una persona de su entorno\n\nfamiliar en mayo del presente a\u00f1o para\n\n\n\ntrata de personas en las comunidades\n\nen donde la organizaci\u00f3n interviene. De\n\nesta manera, se logr\u00f3 capacitar a 12\n\npersonas parte del equipo t\u00e9cnico de\n\nFUNDANA.\n\n\n_\u00a9CESVI.Capacitaciones sobre trata de_\n\n_personas a FUNDANA.(2023)_\n\n\n\n**Tinta Violeta** _**.**_ Como parte de la\n\nrespuesta, Tinta Violeta y las orga\nnizaciones aliadas en la Red de\n\nAcompa\u00f1amiento Territorial (RAT) lle\nvaron a cabo este trimestre diversas\n\nactividades para prevenir la trata de per\nsonas en todos los estados donde tienen\n\npresencia. En el Distrito Capital, Miranda\n\ny Lara, las actividades son m\u00e1s abiertas\n\ny expl\u00edcitas sobre el tema; mientras que\n\nen los estados fronterizos (Sucre, Delta\n\nAmacuro, Bol\u00edvar, Amazonas y Apure),\n\nel manejo del contenido implica una dif\nerenciaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan la comunidad en la\n\nque se implementen las actividades. En\n\nlos distintos proyectos ejecutados, se ha\n\nsensibilizado a 1.232 personas a trav\u00e9s\n\nde sesiones de informaci\u00f3n y capac\nitaciones sobre temas de protecci\u00f3n,\n\nmovilidad segura y trata. En el marco\n\nde los 16 d\u00edas de activismo por la errad\nicaci\u00f3n de la violencia contra la mujer, se\n\nrealizaron 2 cine foros (Distrito Capital\n\n\n\nejercer \u201ctrabajo sexual con buena paga\u201d,\n\na trav\u00e9s del cual, poder mantener a\n\nsus hijos y madre. Una vez en Per\u00fa,\n\nlos tratantes la enviaron a una zona\n\nselv\u00e1tica del pa\u00eds para que \u201cpudiese\n\npagar su deuda m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido\u201d, siendo\n\nsometida a vigilancia constante, casti\ngos si no cumpl\u00eda la cuota diaria y sin\n\nacceso al dinero que generaba. Tras una\n\noperaci\u00f3n policial, los tratantes directos\n\nfueron arrestados y 8 chicas venezola\nnas fueron rescatadas y repatriadas a\n\nVenezuela mediante el plan \u201cVuelta a\n\nla Patria\u201d. La sobreviviente lleg\u00f3 a su\n\ncasa materna sin recursos y con diver\nsas consecuencias de la explotaci\u00f3n,\n\nenfrentando importantes vulnerabili\ndades y amenazas de protecci\u00f3n. Se\n\nsigue brindando acompa\u00f1amiento.\n\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (VIII)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nEn Delta Amacuro, durante el mismo\n\nperiodo, se brind\u00f3 asistencia multisecto\nrial y directa a v\u00edctimas que retornaban\n\n- estaban siendo trasladadas a Trinidad\n\ny Tobago. Uno de los casos atendidos\n\ninvolucr\u00f3 a una joven de 21 a\u00f1os qui\u00e9n\n\nfue invitada por una vecina a traba\njar en un spa en un pa\u00eds caribe\u00f1o, con\n\ningresos bastante rentables y decide\n\naceptar para poder mejorar la situaci\u00f3n\n\nfamiliar. La vecina coste\u00f3 su viaje hasta\n\nTucupita. Estando en Tucupita, la vecina\n\nle indica que un hombre la buscar\u00e1 en\n\nel Malec\u00f3n, y al hablar con \u00e9l, a lo que\n\n\u00e9l le indica que las j\u00f3venes que env\u00edan\n\npara all\u00e1 ser\u00e1n prostituidas. Ante esto, la\n\nsobreviviente se asusta y cuando pasan\n\npor una alcabala, hace se\u00f1a a la guar\ndia para que la ayuden y es llevada al\n\nMinisterio P\u00fablico. El MP contacta a la\n\norganizaci\u00f3n para iniciar la atenci\u00f3n\n\npsicosocial y el proceso de retorno a su\n\nlugar de origen.\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\nEl servicio de Casas de paso ha contin\nuado brindando respuesta y un espacio\n\nseguro a sobrevivientes de Trata de\n\nPersonas. En un caso particular el\n\nMinisterio P\u00fablico ha avanzado en la\n\nmitigaci\u00f3n del riesgo con la detenci\u00f3n de\n\nlos principales responsables, mientras la\n\nVdT se encuentra alojada en la casa de\n\npaso. Sin embargo, su lugar de origen\n\nsigue siendo inseguro, este caso resalta\n\nla importancia de la articulaci\u00f3n con el\n\nEstado, con organizaciones que pueden\n\nbrindar atenci\u00f3n en los lugares de capta\nci\u00f3n de la trata.\n\n\n\n_\u00a9Tinta Violeta. Capacitaci\u00f3n a personal de_\n\n_IMPARQUES sobre TdP. (2023)_\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo, AC.** _**II Cohorte Formaci\u00f3n para**_\n\n_**la prevenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n y judici-**_\n\n_**alizaci\u00f3n de la Trata y Explotaci\u00f3n de**_\n\n_**ni\u00f1as y mujeres en Venezuela, en el**_\n\n_**marco de la Campa\u00f1a #LaMejorRuta**_\n\n\nLa formacin tiene como objetivo gen\neral fortalecer las capacidades dotando\n\nde herramientas te\u00f3rico \u2013 pr\u00e1cticas a\n\nlas servidoras p\u00fablicas y servidores\n\n\n\npara la Protecci\u00f3n Integral de Ni\u00f1os,\n\nNi\u00f1as y Adolescentes (NNA), el Sistema\n\nde Administraci\u00f3n de Justicia Penal\n\nespecializado en delitos de violencia\n\ncontra las mujeres e integrantes de las\n\norganizaciones de la sociedad civil,\n\nhumanitarias, de mujeres y feministas,\n\npara la prevenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, judici\nalizaci\u00f3n, abordaje integral y derivaci\u00f3n\n\nde las ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres\n\nen situaci\u00f3n de trata y explotaci\u00f3n en\n\nVenezuela, asegurando su protecci\u00f3n y\n\nreparaci\u00f3n integral.\n\n\nEn la convocatoria se postularon 253\n\npersonas, siendo admitidas 91 perso\nnas, de las cuales 69 realizaron el pre\n\n- test, 60 mujeres, 8 hombres y una per\nsona no binaria, iniciando la formaci\u00f3n\n\ncon una sesi\u00f3n inaugural, desarroll\u00e1n\ndose en una introducci\u00f3n y siete (7)\n\nm\u00f3dulos, con sesiones de zoom, de tres\n\n\n\n_\u00a9Tinta Violeta. Promotores de la Alcald\u00eda_ p\u00fablicos del Sistema Rector Nacional (3) horas cada una, contando con una\n\n_del Municipio Sucre (Sucre), capacitados_\n\n_en prevenci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n de la TdP._\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (IX)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nplataforma web educativa, desde el d\u00eda\n\ns\u00e1bado 26 de agosto de 2023 hasta el\n\ns\u00e1bado 07 de octubre de 2023, teniendo\n\nun alcance geogr\u00e1fico del Distrito Cap\nital y trece (13) estados de Venezuela.\n\n\nTeniendo la formaci\u00f3n un impacto socio\n\neducativo legal en el rescate del rol\n\nprotag\u00f3nico de los \u00f3rganos receptores\n\nde denuncia en el Sistema de Justicia\n\nPenal especializado en delitos de Vio\nlencia contra las Mujeres, as\u00ed como la\n\nnecesidad de la preparaci\u00f3n para detec\ntar e identificar los factores de riesgo\n\nTdP, la importancia de la construcci\u00f3n\n\ny articulaci\u00f3n colectiva de los sectores\n\npara dar respuesta multisectorial a la\n\ntrata y explotaci\u00f3n de personas.\n\n\nCon la formaci\u00f3n se evidencia el poder\n\nque tiene la educaci\u00f3n como agente\n\npotenciador de cambios sociales, capaz\n\nde proveer de herramientas para la pre\n\n\nvenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, judicializaci\u00f3n\n\nde la trata y explotaci\u00f3n de personas,\n\nas\u00ed como la atenci\u00f3n integral de ni\u00f1as y\n\nmujeres en Venezuela, quedando dem\nostrado con el crecimiento actitudinal\n\nprogresivo de las y los participantes, as\u00ed\n\ncomo el alto nivel de motivaci\u00f3n en el\n\ndesarrollo progresivo de las propuestas,\n\nestrategias y buenas pr\u00e1cticas para la\n\nprevenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, judicializaci\u00f3n\n\nde la TdP, y atenci\u00f3n integral de ni\u00f1as,\n\nadolescentes y mujeres.\n\n\nEl 50,72 % de las y los participantes\n\npresentaron propuestas, que son resul\ntados directos de la formaci\u00f3n, siendo\n\nseleccionadas como buenas pr\u00e1cticas\n\nlas siguientes:\n\n\n- _\u201cC\u00edrculo de Chamas como estrategia_\n\n_para la prevenci\u00f3n de la trata de adoles-_\n\n_centes con fines de explotaci\u00f3n sexual\u201d_\n\nLas Comadres P\u00farpuras.\n\n\n\n\n- \"Escudos Arriba _: Actividades l\u00fadicas,_\n\n_din\u00e1micas y art\u00edsticas como estrategias_\n\n_de implementaci\u00f3n en talleres sobre_\n\n_trata de personas y explotaci\u00f3n infan-_\n\n_til para ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes\u201d_\n\nMariangelica Morillo (Fundaci\u00f3n Reha\nbilitarte).\n\n\n- _\u201cPrevenci\u00f3n de la Trata de Personas a_\n\n_trav\u00e9s de herramientas audiovisuales y_\n\n_el juego interactivo \"Construyendo Con-_\n\n_ciencia\"_ Estiana Colmenares y Gabriela\n\nCalvo (Voces de G\u00e9nero Venezuela).\n\n\n- _\u201cCooperaci\u00f3n para la identificaci\u00f3n_\n\n_y judicializaci\u00f3n de la trata de ni\u00f1as,_\n\n_adolescentes y mujeres\u201d_ Ana Castillo\n\n(Tribunales de Violencia Contra las\n\nMujeres del estado Zulia)\n\n\n- _\u201cFormaci\u00f3n de promotores universitar-_\n\n_ios y la difusi\u00f3n de la Gu\u00eda YEI para la_\n\n_prevenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n y remisi\u00f3n a_\n\n\n\n_los servicios de respuesta multisecto-_\n\n_rial de la trata de ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y_\n\n_mujeres en Venezuela\u201d_ Iyan\u00fa Echarry\n\n(AVESA).\n\n\n- \u201c _La gesti\u00f3n de casos binacional como_\n\n_buena pr\u00e1ctica para la atenci\u00f3n integral_\n\n_de sobrevivientes de trata de personas\u201d_\n\nClemy Ni\u00f1o (UNIANDES).\n\n\nFinalizando la formaci\u00f3n, con el II\n\nSeminario \u201cBuenas pr\u00e1cticas para la\n\nprevenci\u00f3n, identificaci\u00f3n, denuncia,\n\njudicializaci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n integral de la\n\nTrata de ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres\n\nen Venezuela\u201d, realizado por \u00c9xodo,\n\nMulier, OUTRAV, en el marco de la cam\npa\u00f1a #LaMejorRuta, el s\u00e1bado 21 de\n\noctubre de 2023, en el que se presen\ntaron las propuestas seleccionadas por\n\nparte de sus autoras, participando 241\n\npersonas en el Seminario.\n\n\n**15**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **II. RESPUESTA (X)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\n_**Jornadas de Sensibilizaci\u00f3n en DDHH**_\n\n_**de ni\u00f1as, adolescentes y mujeres en**_\n\n_**movilidad y la prevenci\u00f3n de los ries-**_\n\n_**gos de VBG en la ruta migratoria en**_\n\n_**el Distrito Capital y estado Zulia, en el**_\n\n_**marco de la Campa\u00f1a #LaMejorRuta**_\n\n\nLas organizaciones \u00c9xodo y Mulier en\n\nel marco de la Campa\u00f1a #LaMejorRuta,\n\nrealizaron Jornadas con el objetivo de\n\nsensibilizar a 80 personas sobre los dere\nchos humanos de ni\u00f1as, adolescentes\n\ny mujeres en contextos de movilidad,\n\nhaciendo \u00e9nfasis en la prevenci\u00f3n de los\n\nriesgos de violencia basada en g\u00e9nero\n\nen la ruta migratoria, especialmente la\n\ntrata de personas, en el Distrito Capital\n\ny el estado Zulia.\n\n\nSe realizaron seis sensibilizaciones, de\n\nforma presencial, bajo la metodolog\u00eda\n\nde talleres con din\u00e1micas, incentivando\n\n\n\ntas generadoras de reflexi\u00f3n, as\u00ed como\n\nejercicios y ejemplos que contribuyan\n\na una mayor compresi\u00f3n de los temas,\n\ncontando con material informativo.\n\n\nEn el Distrito Capital hubo un total de 46\n\npersonas (29 mujeres y 17 hombres),\n\ny en el estado Zulia 47 personas (38\n\nmujeres y 9 hombres).\n\n\n_**Taller sobre la trata de ni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y**_\n\n_**adolescentes en el CMDNNA del Muni-**_\n\n_**cipio Urbaneja del estado Anzo\u00e1tegui**_\n\n\n\u00c9xodo realiz\u00f3 taller sobre la trata de\n\nni\u00f1as, ni\u00f1os y adolescentes, en el\n\nCMDNNA del Municipio Urbaneja del\n\nestado Anzo\u00e1tegui, incentivando la\n\nparticipaci\u00f3n proactiva, con preguntas\n\ngeneradoras de reflexi\u00f3n, entregando\n\nmaterial informativo, participando 23\n\npersonas.\n\n\n\n_**Taller sobre trata de personas en el**_\n\n_**Centro Venezolano Americano de Ori-**_\n\n_**ente**_\n\n\n\u00c9xodo realiz\u00f3 taller sobre la trata de\n\npersonas, en el CVAO del Municipio\n\nUrbaneja del estado Anzo\u00e1tegui, entre\ngando material informativo, en el marco\n\ndel programa de prevenci\u00f3n de la TdP.\n\n\n\nla participaci\u00f3n proactiva, con pregun- _\u00a9 \u00c9xodo, AC. Taller sobre trata de personas_\n\n_en el Centro Venezolano Americano de_\n\n_Oriente. (2023)_\n\n\n**16**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9OIM. (2023)_\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n**17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES**\n\nde vida y salud sexual reproductiva.\n\n\n - _**Giuliano Perseu -**_ _Coordinador Pa\u00eds_\n\n_Venezuela. coord.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nes una Asociaci\u00f3n Civil sin fines de\n\nlucro, dedicada a la investigaci\u00f3n,\n\nasesoramiento, sensibilizaci\u00f3n, for\nmaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento\n\nen materia de movilidad humana en\n\ncontextos seguros, prevenci\u00f3n de la\n\nviolencia basada en g\u00e9nero, haciendo\n\n\u00e9nfasis en la Trata de Personas, con\n\nenfoque de derechos humanos, g\u00e9nero\n\ne interseccional de forma transversal a\n\ntodas las acciones. Forman parte de la\n\nRED NARANJA, GTEM Venezuela, y\n\nOUTRAV.\n\n\n- _L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n: 04128854281_\n\n- _Correo: exodo.ac.vla@gmail.com_\n\n\n**las Migraciones (OIM)** se crea en 1951\n\n\n\n**COOPI (Cooperazione Internazionale)**\n\nes una organizaci\u00f3n humanitaria fundada\n\nen 1965 en Mil\u00e1n, Italia. Actualmente,\n\nCOOPI est\u00e1 presente en 33 pa\u00edses de\n\n\u00c1frica, Oriente Medio, Am\u00e9rica Latina y\n\nCaribe, con m\u00e1s de 241 proyectos de\n\nasistencia humanitaria que alcanzan\n\nalrededor de 6 M de personas. Desde\n\n2019 COOPI establece una presencia\n\nen Venezuela para asistir a la poblaci\u00f3n\n\nlocal tras el agravamiento de la crisis\n\nsocioecon\u00f3mica del pa\u00eds. En estos a\u00f1os\n\nCOOPI ha ampliado sus intervenciones\n\ny actualmente ejecuta proyectos con\n\ndiferentes donantes en Caracas, Lara,\n\nAnzo\u00e1tegui, Sucre, Delta Amacuro y\n\nBolivar en protecci\u00f3n (VbG, protecci\u00f3n\n\nNNA y Trata de Personas), ASH, aloja\nmiento, seguridad alimentaria, medios\n\n\n**18**\n\n\n\n\n- _**Endrina Ibarra -**_ _Oficial de Protecci\u00f3n ._\n\n_pproteccion.venezuela@coopi.org_\n\n\n**\u00c9xodo, A.C.** es una Asociaci\u00f3n Civil\n\nsin fines de lucro, dedicada a la inves\ntigaci\u00f3n, asesoramiento, sensibilizaci\u00f3n,\n\nformaci\u00f3n, atenci\u00f3n y acompa\u00f1amiento\n\nen materia de movilidad humana en\n\ncontextos seguros, prevenci\u00f3n de la\n\nviolencia basada en g\u00e9nero, haciendo\n\n\u00e9nfasis en la Trata de Personas, con\n\nenfoque de derechos humanos, g\u00e9nero\n\ne interseccional de forma transversal a\n\ntodas las acciones. Forman parte de la\n\n\n\nRED NARANJA, GTEM Venezuela, y\n\nOUTRAV.\n\n\n- _**L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n:**_ _04128854281_\n\n- _**Correo:**_ _exodo.ac.vla@gmail.com_\n\n\n**HIAS Venezuela** es una asociaci\u00f3n civil\n\nque brinda atenci\u00f3n a las personas en\n\nnecesidad de protecci\u00f3n internacional y\n\npoblaci\u00f3n local vulnerable, desarrollando\n\nlas capacidades individuales y locales\n\nen comunidades de acogida con el\n\nfin de fomentar su autosuficiencia y\n\nempoderamiento, promover el acceso\n\na derechos y construir un mundo en el\n\nque encuentren acogimiento, justicia y\n\nempat\u00eda.\n\n- _**L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n:**_ _04123147366_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES (II)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\ncomo la organizaci\u00f3n intergubernamental\n\nl\u00edder que promueve la migraci\u00f3n humana\n\ny ordenada para beneficio de todos,\n\ncon presencia en m\u00e1s de 100 pa\u00edses\n\ny con 174 estados miembros. La OIM\n\nforma parte del Sistema de Naciones\n\nUnidas en calidad de organizaci\u00f3n\n\nasociada, se apoya en los principios\n\nconsagrados en el Acta Constitutiva de\n\nlas Naciones Unidas, vinculadas a la\n\ndefensa de los derechos humanos de\n\ntodas las personas. Representa una\n\nfuente de asesoramiento clave frente a\n\nlas pol\u00edticas y pr\u00e1cticas migratorias en\n\ntodo el mundo. En Venezuela, la OIM\n\ntiene presencia nacional en los estados\n\nAmazonas, Apure, Bol\u00edvar, Distrito\n\nCapital, Falcon, T\u00e1chira, Sucre y Zulia;\n\napoya 9 centros de alojamiento temporal\n\npara personas en movilidad, 14 puntos\n\nm\u00f3viles de personas en movilidad, y 4\n\npuntos en terminales terrestres.\n\n\n\n\n- _**Correo:**_ _iomcaracas@iom.int_\n\n\nSu principal prop\u00f3sito es salvaguardar\n\nlos derechos y el bienestar de las per\nsonas que se han visto obligadas a huir\n\na otros pa\u00edses, as\u00ed como aquellos que\n\nno tienen nacionalidad. Junto con sus\n\nsocios y las comunidades, ACNUR tra\nbaja para asegurar que las personas\n\nrefugiadas y ap\u00e1tridas logren una solu\nci\u00f3n duradera a su situaci\u00f3n, y que las\n\npersonas con necesidades espec\u00edficas\n\npuedan tener acceso a derechos y ser\nvicios.\n\n\nSi requiere informaci\u00f3n adicional sobre\n\nlos programas y servicios del Alto Comi\nsionado de las Naciones Unidas para\n\nlos Refugiados (ACNUR) en Venezuela,\n\n\n\nla VbG en los territorios, as\u00ed como en\n\nla comunicaci\u00f3n y las artes, en el que\n\ndestaca el \u201cProyecto Amada\u201d, finan\nciado por el Fondo de Mujeres del Sur,\n\ndel que la organizaci\u00f3n es coparte por\n\ncuarto a\u00f1o consecutivo. Con alcance\n\nnacional a trav\u00e9s de organizaciones ali\nadas en los territorios, se encuentra en\n\npleno crecimiento. Con el \"Voluntariado\n\nMayell Hern\u00e1ndez\" ha sabido hacerse\n\nde un espacio en el espectro de orga\nnizaciones que dan respuesta a las\n\nnecesidades de las mujeres y ni\u00f1as en\n\nsituaci\u00f3n de violencia. Hace parte del\n\nCl\u00faster de Protecci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- _**L\u00ednea de atenci\u00f3n para**_\n\n_**acompa\u00f1amiento:**_ _04126924062_\n\n_/ 04126924020 / 04126924073 /_\n\n_04126924804_\n\n- _**Daniella Inojosa,**_ _Directora General._\n\n_direccion.general@entintavioleta.com /_\n\n_0412-3426228_\n\n\n**19**\n\n\n\npuede encontrar los datos de contacto\n\nen el enlace:\n\n\n- _**Contactos:**_ _[https://ayuda.acnur.org/](https://ayuda.acnur.org/venezuela )_\n\n_[venezuela](https://ayuda.acnur.org/venezuela )_\n\n\ncolectiva feminista con m\u00e1s de 9 a\u00f1os de\n\nexistencia, que tiene por objeto la inves\ntigaci\u00f3n, estudio, promoci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n,\n\nacci\u00f3n, organizaci\u00f3n y defensa de los\n\nderechos humanos de las mujeres, las\n\nadolescentes, las ni\u00f1as y las personas\n\nLGBTIQ+. Esta organizaci\u00f3n nace de\n\nla necesidad de transformar la reali\ndad cultural y estructural adversa para\n\nestas personas. Tiene una amplia expe\nriencia en la ejecuci\u00f3n de proyectos de\n\nprevenci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n para superar\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES (III)**\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\ndad civil dedicada desde 2016 a la\n\npromoci\u00f3n y defensa de los derechos\n\nde las mujeres. En la actualidad, desa\n\nrrollan programas para documentar\n\ny prevenir la trata de mujeres y ni\u00f1as\n\nvenezolanas en contextos migratorios;\n\n\n\n\n- _**Marguellis Marcano**_ _, Coord. de VbG._\n\n_evaluacionvbgtintavioleta@gmail.com /_\n\n_0414-2175797_\n\n\nEl Centro de Estudios de Derechos\n\nSexuales y Reproductivos (CEDESEX),\n\norganizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro creada en\n\nel a\u00f1o 2019, para la promoci\u00f3n, defensa y\n\nabogac\u00eda por una vida libre de violencias\n\ny discriminaciones por razones de\n\ng\u00e9nero, sexo u orientaci\u00f3n sexual, con\n\nmiras a la garant\u00eda de los derechos\n\n\n**20**\n\n\n\nsexuales y los derechos reproductivos,\n\nespecialmente de poblaciones en\n\nsituaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad. Para\n\ncontacto pueden comunicarse con\n\nla organizaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s del n\u00famero\n\ntelef\u00f3nico:\n\n\n- _**Correo:**_ _somos@cedesex.org /_\n\n_04123233985_\n\n\n**Mulier** es una organizaci\u00f3n de la socie\n\n\nproveer atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica gratuita\n\npara mujeres en situaciones de violencia\n\nde g\u00e9nero, y generar espacios de reflex\ni\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n y activismo feminista.\n\n\n- _**Estefan\u00eda Mendoza:**_ _Coordinadora_\n\n_General: feminismo.mulier@gmail.com_\n\n- _0424-6254125. RRSS: muliervenezuela_\n\n\n\n**Uni\u00f3n Afirmativa de Venezuela (UNAF)**\n\nes una asociaci\u00f3n civil sin fines de lucro,\n\nfundada en el a\u00f1o 2000, que promueve\n\nel cumplimiento de los est\u00e1ndares inter\nnacionales de derechos humanos que\n\nprotegen a las personas frente a la\n\ndiscriminaci\u00f3n por orientaci\u00f3n sexual,\n\nidentidad o expresi\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero.\n\n\n- _**Quiteria Franco:**_ _Coordinadora_\n\n_General. unionafirmativadevenezuela@_\n\n_gmail.com/ 04241249217. RRSS: @_\n\n_unionafirmativa_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES (IV)**\n\ninsatisfecha de planificaci\u00f3n familiar, la\n\nmortalidad materna evitable, la violen\ncia de g\u00e9nero y las pr\u00e1cticas nocivas,\n\ncomo el matrimonio infantil y la muti\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n\nentonces la organizaci\u00f3n lleva a cabo\n\nprogramas nacionales y regionales\n\nenfocados en Protecci\u00f3n, asistencia\n\nhumanitaria y soluciones duraderas\n\n(incluyendo desminado humanitario y\n\nconstrucci\u00f3n de la paz \u2013 Peacebuild\ning) para las personas de inter\u00e9s. En\n\nVenezuela, DRC inici\u00f3 sus operaciones\n\nde asistencia en el a\u00f1o 2019 en Cara\ncas y desde el a\u00f1o 2022 - opera en los\n\nestados Sucre, Apure y Zulia imple\nmentando sus programas directamente\n\ny en cooperaci\u00f3n con organizaciones\n\nnacionales.\n\n\n- _**Pablo Castro:**_ _Director Pa\u00eds. pablo._\n\n_castro@drc.ngo_\n\n- _**Giuliana Inturrisi:**_ _Especialista de_\n\n_Protecci\u00f3n. giuliana.inturrisi@drc.ngo_\n\n\n**21**\n\n\n\n**Naciones Unidas)** es es la agencia\n\nde las Naciones Unidas para la salud\n\nsexual y reproductiva y la lucha contra\n\nla violencia basada en g\u00e9nero. Nuestra\n\nmisi\u00f3n es lograr un mundo en el que\n\ntodos los embarazos sean deseados,\n\ntodos los partos sean seguros y todas\n\nlas personas j\u00f3venes alcancen su pleno\n\npotencial. Promovemos la igualdad de\n\ng\u00e9nero y capacitamos a mujeres, ni\u00f1as\n\ny j\u00f3venes para que tomen el control de\n\nsus cuerpos y su futuro. Nuestro objetivo\n\nes acabar para 2030 con la necesidad\n\n\n\nlaci\u00f3n genital femenina. En Venezuela,\n\nUNFPA inici\u00f3 sus actividades en 2003,\n\ncumpliendo este a\u00f1o 20 a\u00f1os de apoyo\n\na mujeres, adolescentes y ni\u00f1as en el\n\nacceso a la salud sexual y reproductiva.\n\nEn el marco de la respuesta human\nitaria establecida en el pa\u00eds, UNFPA\n\nlidera el \u00c1rea de Responsabilidad de\n\nViolencia Basada en G\u00e9nero (AdR VbG)\n\ny cuenta con intervenciones en emer\ngencia en Violencia Basada en G\u00e9nero\n\ny Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Actual\nmente tiene sede principal en Caracas y\n\nacciones en m\u00e1s de 10 estados del pa\u00eds.\n\n\n\n\n- _**Daillyn Moreno:**_ _Coordinadora_\n\n_Nacional de VBG en Emergencias._\n\n_damoreno@unfpa.org_\n\n\n**El Consejo Dan\u00e9s para Refugiados**\n\n**(DRC)** trabaja en m\u00e1s de 40 pa\u00edses en\n\nel mundo para proporcionar asistencia\n\nhumanitaria y soluciones duraderas con\n\nun enfoque basado en derechos para los\n\nrefugiados, solicitantes de asilo, despla\nzados internos, retornados, migrantes,\n\ny comunidades de acogida. DRC fue\n\nfundado en 1956 en Dinamarca y desde\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **ORGANIZACIONES (V)**\n\ntemas de reasentamiento de refugiados\n\ny autosuficiencia. En Venezuela el IRC\n\nactualmente tiene una implementaci\u00f3n\n\n100% por medio de socios, en los esta\ndos de T\u00e1chira, Apure, Zulia, Lara y\n\nFalc\u00f3n. Los programas que ejecuta son:\n\n\n\n**IRC (Comit\u00e9 Internacional de Res-**\n\n**cate):** es una ONG creada por iniciativa\n\nde Albert Einstein en 1933, cuya misi\u00f3n\n\nes ayudar a las personas cuyas vidas y\n\nmedios de subsistencia se ven destroza\ndos por conflictos y desastres a sobrevivir,\n\nrecuperarse y tomar el control de su\n\nfuturo, por medio de, la implementaci\u00f3n\n\nde programas rentables y de alto\n\nimpacto para las personas afectadas por\n\ncrisis, y utilizando nuestro aprendizaje y\n\nexperiencia para dar forma a pol\u00edticas y\n\npr\u00e1cticas. Actualmente trabajan m\u00e1s de\n\n40 pa\u00edses y 26 ciudades de EE. UU. en\n\n\n**22**\n\n\n\nSalud, Protecci\u00f3n de la Ni\u00f1ez y Pro\ntecci\u00f3n y Empoderamiento de la Mujer,\n\nSeguridad alimentaria y Medios de Vida\n\ny Educaci\u00f3n.\n\n\n- _**Gina Sanchez :**_ _Directora. gina._\n\n_sanchez@rescue.org_\n\n- _**Mar\u00eda Daniela A\u00f1ez:**_ _Punto focal en_\n\n_temas de trata. daniela.anez@rescue._\n\n_org_\n\n\n#### **Bolet\u00edn trata de personas**\n##### Venezuela septiembre-noviembre 2023\n\n\n - _**Maikely Ferrer:**_ _Gerente T\u00e9cnica de_\n\n_EAT. cpcoordinaciongeneral_ven@_\n\n_cesvioverseas.org/ 04124826840_\n\n\n**Cesvi** es una ONG internacional, laica e\n\nindependiente fundada en Italia en 1985\n\nque trabaja por la solidaridad mundial y\n\nel ideal de la justicia social a trav\u00e9s de\n\nacciones humanitarias de desarrollo. El\n\nmismo nombre CESVI, Cooperazione e\n\nSviluppo(Cooperaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo),ex\npresasu filosof\u00eda de acci\u00f3n, basada en la\n\npromoci\u00f3n del protagonismo de sus ben\neficiarios en favor de su propio progreso,\n\ncon el fin deque la ayuda internacional\n\nno se reduzca auna acci\u00f3n ben\u00e9fica\n\nmoment\u00e1nea, sino que promueva un\n\naut\u00e9ntico desarrollo sostenible.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/71d14bdb-8e35-483a-8603-dce2197acd62/ven_report_boletin_trata_septnov_170124_definitivo.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_951/raw/doc_951_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_951/raw/doc_951_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 8c82979878cc394c033ac2d838bb4027ed18c84f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_951/raw/doc_951_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,351 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **PROTECTION CLUSTER** **VENEZUELA**\n\n#### **SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2023 ACTIVITY** **REPORT**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n**Protection Cluster September/ October 2023 activity report**\n\n\nThis report has been prepared by the Protection Cluster in Venezuela\n\n\n_Cover photo: \u00a9 UNHCR / Kimberly Sarkis (2023)_\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster is a broad-based participatory forum of protection partners which brings\ntogether United Nations agencies, human rights and development organisations and actors, as well\nas local and international non-governmental organisations. The Protection Cluster is led by UNHCR.\n\n\nAll our information products, including reports, maps and factsheets are available on the Venezuela\n\nProtection Cluster website:\n[https://ven.protectioncluster.org](https://ven.protectioncluster.org)\n\n\nContacts:\n\n\nProtection Cluster Coordinator, **Alice Contini**, continia@unhcr.org\n\nProtection Associate, **Patricia Bosco**, boscoleo@unhcr.org\nCounter-Trafficking in Crisis Specialist, **Norma Ferrer**, noferrer@iom.int\n\nProtection Assistant, **Kimberly Sarkis**, sarkisne@unhcr.org\nProtection Specialist, **Giuliana Inturrisi**, giuliana.inturrisi@drc.ngo\n\n\n\n**2**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### TABLE OF CONTENTS September/ October 2023 report Venezuela\n\n**Operational highlights**\n\n\n\n4 Humanitarian Program Cycle 2024: Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) Process\n\n\n4 Coordination with other platforms, subnational Clusters, ICCG, and Partners\n\n\n5 Accountability for Affected Populations (AAP) WG\n\n\n5 GPC Townhall\n\n\n5 La Carnada Play\n\n\n6 Annual TiP Bulletin 2022-2023\n\n\n6 Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) and Trafficking in Persons (TiP)\n\n\n6 Monthly Meetings of the WGTiP\n\n\n6 Protection Mainstreaming Training\n\n\n8 Training on Mixed Migration and Durable Solutions\n\n\n8 Reporting Transition to 345W\n\n\n\n8 Focal Group Discussions with LGBTIQ+ Organizations for\n\n\nThematic Protection Analysis Update (PAU)\n\n\n10 Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)\n\n\nCoaching and Training of Trainers (ToT)\n\n\n10 Impact Stories of Series: September and October\n\n\n11 Protection Service Mapping Revisions and Edits\n\n\n11 Participation in the Gender ToT for Government Officials\n\n\n11 September\u2019s Monthly Meeting with Partners\n\n\n12 Second Allocation for Venezuela Humanitarian Fund (VHF)\n\n\n12 Protection Monitoring Tool (PMT)\n\n\n**14** **Protection response: performance and funding**\n\n\nHumanitarian Response\n\n\n**3**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHT**\n\n\n##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\n**Some key achievements**\n\n- Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO)\n\nProcess\n\n- Coordination with other platforms,\n\nsubnational Clusters, ICCG, and Partners\n\n- Accountability for Affected Populations\n\n(AAP) WG\n\n- GPC Townhall\n\n- La Carnada Play\n\n- Annual TiP Bulletin 2022-2023\n\n- Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) and\n\nTrafficking in Persons (TiP)\n\n- Monthly Meetings of the WGTiP\n\n- Protection Mainstreaming Training\n\n- Training on Mixed Migration and Durable\n\nSolutions\n\n- Reporting Transition to 345W\n\n- Focal Group Discussions with LGBTIQ+\n\nOrganizations for Thematic Protection\n\nAnalysis Update (PAU)\n\n- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support\n\n(MHPSS) Coaching and Training of Trainers\n\n(ToT)\n\n- Participation in the Gender ToT for\n\nGovernment Officials\n\n\n**4**\n\n\n\n**I. Humanitarian Program Cycle**\n\n**2024: Humanitarian Needs**\n**Overview (HNO) Process**\n\n\n**September was dedicated to identi-**\n\n**fying and define indicators and the**\n\n**local adjustment of severity scales**\n\n**for People in Need (PIN) and Needs**\n\n**Severity Calculation as part of the**\n\n**Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO)**\n\n**process.** The indicators defined for the\n\nProtection Cluster (PC) Severity and PIN\n\ncalculation are Protection Risks, Protec\ntion Risks linked to trafficking in person,\n\nAccess to Documentation, Access to\n\nthe Justice System, Negative Coping\n\nMechanisms in Protection, Violent\n\nDeath Rates, Adolescent Mothers, and\n\nChildren and Adolescents out of school\n\nusing primary data from the MSNA and\n\nsecondary data sources.\n\n\n\nCalculations were refined using qualita\ntive information obtained from experts\n\nduring needs assessments validation\n\nworkshops conducted in Miranda, Zulia,\n\nFalc\u00f3n, Bol\u00edvar, Delta Amacuro, Sucre,\n\nAmazonas, Apure, T\u00e1chira, Lara, and\n\nthe Capital District. The overall PIN for\n\nthe Protection Cluster is 4,425,466.00,\n\nrepresenting a 5% increase compared\n\nto the calculation for the Humanitarian\n\nResponse Plan (HRP) 2022-2023.\n\n\nFurther, throughout October, the national\n\nProtection Cluster participated in the\n\nfacilitation of extended OCHA Local\n\nCoordination Fora meetings in the states\n\nof Miranda, Sucre, Bolivar, Delta Ama\ncuro, Apure, Amazonas, T\u00e1chira, Zulia,\n\nFalc\u00f3n, and Lara. The primary objective\n\nof these workshops was to validate data\n\ncollected from the MNSA on the human\nitarian situation of the respective state\n\nand, to gather complementary informa\n\n\ntion to contribute to the narrative of the\n\nHNO. Finally, it helped to validate the\n\nprioritization of municipalities in collabo\nration with Cluster partners and OCHA.\n\n\n**II.** **Coordination** **with** **other**\n**platforms, subnational Clusters,**\n**ICCG, and Partners**\n\n\n**Coordination with the Response for**\n\n**Venezuela (R4V) continued through-**\n\n**out September and October through**\n\n**bilateral meetings and common work-**\n\n**ing grounds for the next months**\n\n**have been set.** Further, meetings have\n\nbeen held with the 6 subnational Pro\ntection Clusters in Zulia, T\u00e1chira, Apure,\n\nAmazonas, Barinas, and Bolivar. Coor\ndination with these coordinators will be\n\nstrengthened to assure decision taking\n\nis guaranteed also from the field, and\n\ntheir support in the implementation of\n\nthe extended OCHA Local Coordination\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian Needs Overview", - "confidence": 0.6246961355209351, - "start": 244, - "end": 247 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "MSNA", - "confidence": 0.8672316074371338, - "start": 320, - "end": 321 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Humanitarian\n\nResponse Plan", - "confidence": 0.5729688405990601, - "start": 396, - "end": 399 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2022-2023", - "confidence": 0.8785013556480408, - "start": 402, - "end": 403 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\nedits to some of the objectives and to the\n\ntimeline stipulated.\n\n\n**IV. GPC Townhall**\n\n\n**On October 18th a Townhall was**\n\n**organized by the Global Protection**\n\n**Cluster (GPC) with Field Operations.**\n\nHRP 2024 key messages/instructions\n\nwere discussed and a calendar of\n\nbi-monthly GPC Townhalls with field\n\noperations with planned key topics were\n\npresented. The meeting had the aim to\n\nunderstand the different timelines and\n\nongoing HPC processes in each field\n\noperation as well as provide support to\n\nwhom needed it.\n\n\n**V. La Carnada Play**\n\n\n**The Working Group on the Prevention**\n\n**and** **Response** **to** **Trafficking** **in**\n\n**Persons** **(WGTiP)** **organized** **and**\n\n\n\nFora for the HNO process are in line with\n\nProtection needs in their area.\n\n\nThe Protection Cluster assured partic\nipation in the weekly ICCG meetings\n\nwhere HPC ongoing activities have been\n\ndiscussed and planned.\n\n\nFinally, bilateral meetings have been\n\norganized with PC\u2019s partners NRC and\n\nOHCHR. With both partners their protec\ntion programming has been discuss and\n\npossible coordination in the Cluster.\n\n\n**III. Accountability for Affected**\n**Populations (AAP) WG**\n\n\n**The PC has participated actively in**\n\n**the monthly meetings conducted by**\n\n**the AAP working group, which aimed**\n\n**at increasing the inputs of affected**\n\n**populations in responding to and**\n\n**shaping the assistance following a**\n\n\n\n**disaster in the Venezuelan context.**\n\nThe cluster\u2019s participation in this space\n\nguarantees that affected populations are\n\nplaced at the heart of the emergency\n\nresponse. Additionally, the different\n\nneeds and capacities of all these groups\n\nwill shape the response plan and how\n\ncluster partners and affected populations\n\ninteract through all the phases of the\n\nHumanitarian Programme Cycle (HPC),\n\nguiding the necessary workplans.\n\n\nDuring the meeting of October, the new\n\nframework of AAP was presented, and it\n\nwas revised jointly by its members. This\n\nframework was created with the support\n\nand accompaniment of the Humanitarian\n\nCountry Team and the Resident and\n\nHumanitarian Coordinator. The WG\n\ncoordinator shared the minimum\n\ncommitments of the framework with\n\nthe members and opened the floor for\n\ndiscussions. The PC suggested some\n\n\n\n**coordinated the \"La Carnada\" play**\n\n**in Petare in collaboration with the**\n\n**Taller Experimental de Teatro/ Center**\n\n**for Artistic Creation (TET), IOM, and**\n\n**UNHCR on September 23rd and 24th.**\n\nThis The TET is a theatral group based\n\nin Caracas, Venezuela that was founded\n\non December 11, 1972, by Eduardo Gil\n\nunder the heart of the Central University\n\nof Venezuela (UCV) with the purpose\n\nof establishing a theater group with an\n\nexperimental line of work.\n\n\nLa Carnada, an immersive and\n\ndocumentary-style theatre production,\n\naims to raise awareness about victims\n\nof Trafficking in Persons (TiP), focusing\n\non sexual and labour exploitation. It\n\nsheds a light on contexts where digital\n\nmedia, domestic violence, and deceptive\n\nopportunities pose significant risks,\n\nparticularly for women and girls. As\n\npart of the French-Venezuelan Festival\n\n\n**5**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\n**trafficking networks.** After bilateral\n\nmeeting between the Protection Cluster,\n\nthe WGTiP and the FSL Cluster, a focal\n\ngroup was organized on October 10th.\n\nA total of 7 participants from UN Agen\ncies, AoRs, and local NGOs participated.\n\nWG members actively participated by\n\nsharing field experiences and proposing\n\nrecommendations to address challenges\n\nraised during the discussion.\n\n\n**VIII. Monthly Meetings of the**\n**WGTiP**\n\n\n**The WGTiP convenes monthly to**\n\n**review its working plan and provide**\n\n**a platform for members to discuss**\n\n**trends and activities related to TiP. In**\n\n**the last meeting, the WG collectively**\n\n**decided to establish a Task Force to**\n\n**draft a guide on security for orga-**\n\n**nizations working with Victims of**\n\n**Trafficking (VoT).** Additionally, members\n\n\n\nhave developed standardized training\n\nand sensitization activities/workshops to\n\nimplement in communities on the topic of\n\nTiP. These trainings will be beneficial to\n\nother organizations addressing human\n\ntrafficking issues. In October\u2019s monthly\n\nmeeting, the WG hosted the office of UN\n\nSpecial Rapporteur for Trafficking in Per\nsons. The meeting involved discussions\n\non potential collaboration with WG mem\nbers and how the UN Rapporteur's office\n\ncan support advocacy efforts.\n\n\nMember organizations also shared infor\nmation on available services for victims\n\nof human trafficking in different states of\n\nVenezuela through a service mapping\n\nexercise that was implemented.\n\n\n**IX. Protection Mainstreaming**\n**Training**\n\n\n**The PC in collaboration with the**\n\n\n\nof Performing Arts, over 140 people\n\nattended the play, including community\n\nmembers, representatives from NGOs\n\nand INGOs, and agency representatives.\n\n\nDrawing on testimonies and real\n\ndata, and with the technical support\n\nof UNHCR, IOM, and the Venezuela\n\nProtection Cluster, the authors of the\n\nplay have crafted an original and avant\ngarde dramaturgy that highlights the\n\nissue of TiP and its associated risks. Two\n\nadditional performances are scheduled\n\nfor the last week of November (in\n\nPetare) and another in December in\n\nChichiriviche de La Costa, La Guaira,\n\nin commemoration of the 16 days of\n\nactivism for the International Day for the\n\nEradication of Violence against Women.\n\n\n**VI. Annual TiP Bulletin 2022-2023**\n\n\n**After one year of the creation of the**\n\n\n**6**\n\n\n\n**WGTiP, an annual bulletin was pub-**\n\n**lished in October.** This document\n\nconsolidates information from the quar\nterly bulletins of 2022 and 2023 and\n\nprovides a context analysis of TiP in\n\nVenezuela, raising awareness on new\n\ninformation and dynamics and highlights\n\ncounter-trafficking efforts of members\n\nwith a specific focus on activities for the\n\nWorld Day Against Trafficking in Persons\n\n2023. The document can be downloaded\n\n[here link.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1586/reports/annual-report/boletin-anual-trata-de-personas-agosto-2022-agosto-2o23)\n\n\n**VII. Food Security and Liveli-**\n**hoods (FSL) and Trafficking in**\n**Persons (TiP)**\n\n\n**Under the Food Security and Live-**\n\n**lihoods (FSL) Cluster consultancy,**\n\n**research has been done to under-**\n\n**stand the connection between food**\n\n**insecurity, lack of livelihoods and**\n\n**the likelihood of being recruited into**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 FPM/ Franco Chramosta (2023)_\n\n\n##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n**7**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\n**ProCap Senior Protection Advisor**\n\n**have provided the WASH, Shelter,**\n\n**Logistics, Health, Education, Food**\n\n**Security, Nutrition Cluster as well as**\n\n**Venezuelan Humanitarian Fund (VHF)**\n\n**partners a Protection Mainstreaming**\n\n**in-person training.** The training com\nprised a theoretical component covering i)\n\nhumanitarian and protection principles, ii)\n\nfundamental protection concepts and the\n\nrisk equation, iii) the distinction between\n\nintegrated protection and protection\n\nmainstreaming and their definitions. The\n\nsecond part involved a practical exercise\n\nwhere participants selected an activity\n\nwithin their sector, analyzed the context,\n\nidentified three primary protection risks,\n\nand applied the protection equation.\n\nThis dynamic and participative exercise\n\nallowed participants to present their\n\nactivities and benefit from constructive\n\nfeedback. Overall, the positive feedback\n\ngiven by participants shows the need to\n\n\n**8**\n\n\n\nstrengthen humanitarian organizations'\n\nunderstanding on Protection Main\nstreaming to guarantee the Centrality of\n\nProtection is in place in the humanitarian\n\nresponse.\n\n\n**X. Training on Mixed Migration**\n**and Durable Solutions**\n\n\n**A full-day training session on Mixed**\n\n**Migration and Durable Solutions took**\n\n**place on October 19th. The session**\n\n**began with a review of basic protec-**\n\n**tion concepts, followed by an analysis**\n\n**of strategies to mitigate threats and**\n\n**vulnerabilities, and enhance capabil-**\n\n**ities through practical exercises with**\n\n**PC partners.**\n\n\nThe morning session focused on explain\ning the concept of mixed migration and\n\nvarious migratory profiles, emphasiz\ning the distinctions between the causes\n\n\n\nand consequences of migration through\n\ngroup dynamics. In the latter part of the\n\nsession, the meaning of durable solu\ntions and the criteria for achieving them\n\nwere presented in relation to migratory\n\nprofiles and the Venezuelan context.\n\nFinally, together with IOM, a session on\n\nreturns and reintegration was included\n\nto discuss practical implementation\n\nof durable solutions. A total of 20 local\n\nand international organizations, part of\n\nthe PC, participated, and the feedback\n\nreceived was positive. Finally, to assure\n\nthat this information reaches colleagues\n\nin the field, an online session was orga\nnized on November 7th. Despite the\n\nchallenges posed by virtual sessions,\n\n28 people attended the session, showed\n\ninterest in the topic, and actively par\nticipated during the organized group\n\ndynamics.\n\n\n\n**XI. Reporting Transition to 345W**\n\n\n**During September and October, two**\n\n**training sessions were conducted**\n\n**with Protection Cluster Partners to**\n\n**facilitate the transition from the 5W**\n\n**system to the 345W reporting plat-**\n\n**form.** Adjustments were made in the\n\nplatform to reinforce quality controls, and\n\nAreas of Improvement were identified\n\nby Information Management (IM) per\nsonnel in the Protection Cluster and the\n\nAreas of Responsibility. The cluster's IM\n\nautomated data transformations to con\nsolidate information for the year 2023.\n\n\nThe pilot phase for the migration to 345W\n\nhas concluded, and final refinements are\n\nunderway. These refinements aim to\n\nestablish a more automated process for\n\nreporting, validation, and consolidation\n\nof partners' responses.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 IOM/ Norma Ferrer (2023)_\n\n\n##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n**9**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\n**XII. Focal Group Discussions**\n**with LGBTIQ+ Organizations for**\n**Thematic Protection Analysis**\n**Update (PAU)**\n\n\n**In view of the preparation of a the-**\n\n**matic Protection Analysis Update**\n\n**(PAU) on the protection situation of**\n\n**LGBTQI+ persons, as part of the PC\u2019s**\n\n**reporting efforts, with support from**\n\n**the Areas of Responsibility (AoRs)**\n\n**and the GenCap Gender Advisor,**\n\na hybrid focus group discussion was\n\norganized with LGBTIQ+ organizations\n\nand relevant actors on September 7th,\n\ncombining face-to-face and remote par\nticipation.\n\n\nThe focal group aimed to collect infor\nmation from key informants on the\n\nhumanitarian needs and protection\n\nrisks of LGBTIQ+ people, with a focus\n\non changes perceived in the last year.\n\n\n**10**\n\n\n\nThis information supported the drafting\n\nof the document that outlines the current\n\ncontext, main protection risks, affected\n\ngroups by geographical areas, and key\n\nrecommendations for humanitarian\n\nactors, government entities, donors, and\n\ncivil society organizations in Venezu\nela. The report's analytical conclusions\n\naim to provide an evidence base for\n\nprogramming, advocacy, and dialogue\n\nto influence behaviors and policies,\n\nfostering a more favorable protection\n\nenvironment.\n\n\n**XIII. Mental Health and Psychoso-**\n**cial Support (MHPSS) Coaching**\n**and Training of Trainers (ToT)**\n\n\n**The PC through the Protection Assis-**\n\n**tant participated in a two-day MHPSS**\n\n**coaching organized by PAHO and led**\n\n**by an international IASC consultant.**\n\nThis coaching, held during the second\n\n\n\nweek of October, aimed to strengthen the\n\nMental Health and Psychosocial Support\n\nTechnical Working Group\u2019s role by eval\nuating its work plan, achievements, and\n\nthe next steps. The coaching agenda\n\nintended to bring accompaniment and\n\nadvice to people with coordination\n\nfunctions for the implementation of an\n\nMHPSS strategy in their organizations,\n\nagencies, and clusters.\n\n\nThese efforts represent a significant\n\ninter-institutional initiative to empower\n\nprofessionals in the field, providing\n\nknowledge and tools essential for effi\ncient organizational functionality during\n\nhumanitarian emergencies. Following\n\nthese activities, the working group plans\n\nto implement its work plan, emphasizing\n\nMHPSS as a cross-cutting topic in the\n\nhumanitarian architecture.\n\n\n\n**XIV. Impact Stories of Series:**\n**September and October**\n\n\n_a. Premiere Urgence Internationale (PUI)_\n\n_(September):_ The subnational cluster of\n\nBol\u00edvar, in coordination with the national\n\nPC, visited PUI's activities in Casaco\nima, Delta Amacuro state. PUI's project\n\nfocuses on improving living conditions\n\nthrough mental health, physical health,\n\nand WASH. Beneficiaries of the project\n\nwere interviewed for a better under\nstanding of the projects\u2019 impact. The\n\ninterviews confirmed how mental and\n\nphysical health of the members of the\n\ncommunity was improved thanks to the\n\nwork of PUI, which translates in the need\n\nof the PC to keep supporting partners\n\nimplementing such relevant projects in\n\ncommunities of difficult access.\n\n\n[Full access to the story through this link.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1658/reports/report/historias-de-impacto-cluster-de-proteccion-venezuela-septiembre)\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7061895132064819, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "report", - "confidence": 0.7687849998474121, - "start": 242, - "end": 243 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Venezu\nela", - "confidence": 0.9914024472236633, - "start": 238, - "end": 240 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "last year", - "confidence": 0.6491938829421997, - "start": 189, - "end": 191 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "LGBTIQ+ people", - "confidence": 0.9780042171478271, - "start": 177, - "end": 180 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\nand Gender-Based Violence for officials\n\nof the Women's Secretariat of the State\n\nof Miranda. Conducted from September\n\n28th to October 11, 2023, the PA facil\nitated the first virtual session on key\n\nconcepts, receiving positive feedback\n\nfrom the 35 participating officials.\n\n\n**XVII.** **September\u2019s** **Monthly**\n**Meeting with Partners**\n\n\n**On Thursday, September 28th, the PC**\n\n**convened its monthly meeting with**\n\n**53 members representing 41 partner**\n\n**organizations.** The agenda covered an\n\ninformation exchange between partners\n\nwhich expressed concerns on the way\n\nnational IDs are processed in light of the\n\nsoon elections; saw a presentation of\n\nthe New Accountability Framework for\n\nAffected Populations (AAP), its objectives\n\nand work plan; updates from the national\n\nsubcluster of Ciudad Guayana on their\n\n\n**11**\n\n\n\n**October.** The focus was on ensuring\n\nthe accuracy of registered services and\n\ncollaborating with partner organizations\n\nto edit or confirm the removal of inactive\n\nservices. The revised database is under\ngoing verification for coherence by the\n\nIM team before being uploaded onto the\n\nplatform. Considerations regarding the\n\nplatform itself and the inclusion of other\n\nsectors are also under review, and once\n\nfinalized, the PC will implement its com\nmunication strategy on Service Mapping.\n\n\n**XVI. Participation in the Gender**\n**ToT for Government Officials**\n\n\n**As part of the efforts of the Gender**\n\n**Technical Working Group of Miranda**\n\n**(\u201cMesa** **de** **Genero\u201d)** **to** **support**\n\n**strengthening of local government,**\n\n**the Protection Cluster through the**\n\nProtection Assistant, supported the\n\ndelivery of a ToT on Gender Equality\n\n\n\n_b.Fundaci\u00f3n Proyecto Maniapure (FPM)_\n\n_(October):_ FPM, a PC partner, imple\nments integrated protection, and WASH\n\nstrategies in Amazonas and Bolivar. The\n\nPC, in coordination with FPM staff, vis\nited the state of Amazonas to showcase\n\nFPM's impactful work in the monthly\n\nimpact stories series.\n\n\nThe main axis of the organization\n\nrevolves around a community model that\n\ncenters the mental and physical health\n\nas a human right. Their work has been\n\ndistinctive and their projects of great\n\nimpact to the most vulnerable groups,\n\nsuch as the indigenous communities of\n\nthe Venezuelan Amazonia.\n\n\nThe PA visited the community of Valle\n\nLindo in the municipality of Atures in the\n\nstate of Amazonas, where he was able to\n\ninterview several persons of interest who\n\nparticipate in the foundation's programs,\n\n\n\nand in particular those people who were\n\nparticipating in community sensitizations\n\nand trainings on the prevention of TiP\n\nand other forms of violence. Beneficia\nries mentioned that they feel grateful for\n\nall the work of FPM and wish that more\n\ncommunities could benefit from such\n\nsensitizations and trainings, which are\n\nrelevant to the daily realities they expe\nrience.\n\n\n[Full access to the story through this link.](https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/1689/reports/report/historias-de-impacto-de-socios-cluster-de-proteccion-octubre-2023)\n\n\n**XV. Protection Service Mapping**\n**Revisions and Edits**\n\n\n**In line with the Protection Cluster\u2019s**\n\n**efforts to guarantee a functioning and**\n\n**updated service mapping, together**\n\n**with the UNHCR IM Unit, the Pro-**\n\n**tection Service Mapping database**\n\n**underwent a comprehensive review**\n\n**and** **update** **in** **September** **and**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Accountability Framework for\n\nAffected Populations", - "confidence": 0.5723119378089905, - "start": 161, - "end": 166 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "IM team", - "confidence": 0.8851323127746582, - "start": 233, - "end": 235 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Ciudad Guayana", - "confidence": 0.5988417863845825, - "start": 182, - "end": 184 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n\n\nReproductive Health), reinforcing com\nmunity resilience through livelihoods\n\nand access to adequate food, women's\n\nempowerment, gender equality, and\n\nprovision of assistance and protection\n\nservices (including Gender-Based Vio\nlence (GBV), children and adolescents,\n\nand human trafficking), and supporting\n\nemergency education activities with a\n\nsocio-productive approach.\n\n\n**XIX. Protection Monitoring Tool**\n**(PMT)**\n\n\n**The outcomes of the Protection Mon-**\n\n**itoring Tool (PMT) were shared with**\n\n**cluster partners. The PMT contin-**\n\n**ues to measure primary protection**\n\n**risks, population needs, access to**\n\n**rights, and humanitarian assistance**\n\n**at the community level.** For the period\n\nof March to August 2023, the PMT\n\nrecorded a total of 674 interviews con\n\n\nprotection work and the advancements\n\nof their workplan along with areas of\n\nresponsibility (AoRs), and the response\n\nmonitoring for August, showing a total of\n\n385,000 people reached by 95 partner\n\norganizations.\n\n\nAdditionally, the Service Mapping tool\n\nwas shared with partners, and it was\n\ninformed that together with the UNHCR\n\nInformation Management Unit and the\n\nAoRs, a complete update of the services\n\nregistered in the tool was being made.\n\nOrganizations were invited to always be\n\non the lookout to update services and to\n\nbe able to support the dissemination of\n\nthis tool. This meeting marked the first\n\nunder the leadership of the new cluster\n\ncoordinator.\n\n\nFor more information request the\n\nmeeting minutes for any cluster member.\n\n\n**12**\n\n\n\n**XVIII. Second Allocation for Ven-**\n**ezuela Humanitarian Fund (VHF)**\n\n\n**The call for proposals for the second**\n\n**allocation of the Venezuela Human-**\n\n**itarian Fund (VHF) was opened on**\n\n**October 13th closing on November**\n\n**6th.** This allocation focuses on \"Multisec\ntoral assistance for the improvement of\n\nessential health services, strengthening\n\ncommunity resilience through livelihood\n\nsupport, gender equality and women's\n\nempowerment, supporting emergency\n\neducation activities, and the provision\n\nof assistance and protection services\n\nin complementarity with CERF funds in\n\n13 municipalities across 5 border states:\n\nBolivar, Delta Amacuro, Falcon, Sucre,\n\nand Zulia.\" The three key prioritized\n\nareas encompass enhancing essential\n\nhealth services (Mental Health and Psy\nchosocial Support (MHPSS), Women's\n\nand Adolescents Health, and Sexual &\n\n\n\nducted in 16 states, with the collaborative\n\nefforts of 9 partner organizations. This tool\n\nprovides valuable insights into the evolving\n\nprotection landscape and aids in tailoring\n\nresponses to the specific needs of affected\n\npopulations.\n\n\n_\u00a9 FPM/ Franco Chramosta (2023)_\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Protection Monitoring Tool", - "confidence": 0.7425436973571777, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PMT", - "confidence": 0.9031320214271545, - "start": 92, - "end": 93 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7562490701675415, - "start": 10, - "end": 11 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "primary" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PMT", - "confidence": 0.7792732119560242, - "start": 178, - "end": 179 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.8202842473983765, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2023", - "confidence": 0.7115410566329956, - "start": 175, - "end": 176 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u00a9 UNHCR / Kelvin Toissant (2023)_\n\n\n##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n###### Venezuela\n\n**13**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "##### **September/ October 2023 report**\n### **MONITORING THE PROTECTION RESPONSE**\n###### Venezuela\n### **PERFORMANCE AND FUNDING**\n\n\n\nThe PC continues to reinforce the impor\ntance of reporting, which allows it to\n\ntrack funding and conduct advocacy.\n\nThroughout the last years the number of\n\npartners that regularly report 5Ws (cur\nrenly 345ws), including the implementing\n\npartners of the lead agencies of the Clus\nter and AoRs, increased notoriously.\n\n\nThe activity monitoring dashboard co\nvering latest data collection in October\n\n2023 and other information products\n\n[can be accessed in the protection clus-](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYzg3NGFkM2EtYjZhMS00YWNkLWE1NjItMjg0OThlMTAzMDM1IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\n[ter website, and currently 105 partners](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYzg3NGFkM2EtYjZhMS00YWNkLWE1NjItMjg0OThlMTAzMDM1IiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9)\n\nare supporting the 345W reports. Please\n\nnote the list of Specific Objectives in\n\nFigure 1 are aligned to the HRP 2022.\n\nThe percentage (%) in each chart (see\n\nfigure 1) represent the number of benefi\nciaries (individuals) reached against the\n\ntarget set in the HRP 2022 - 2023.\n\n\n**14**\n\n\n\n353, 037 million USD were received\n\nby the Venezuelan Republic so far in\n\n2023 through the HRP plan, accord\ning to the Financial Tracking Service\n\n(FTS). Requested funding for the Protec\ntion Cluster was 101.2 million USD and\n\n33,385,8929 million USD were granted.\n\nAccording to FTS, the total coverage has\n\nbeen of 33 % of the funding requested.\n\n\nAccording to the 345W reports, 478K\n\npeople were impacted until october, which\n\n65% are women and 35% men. 6,479\n\npeople with disabilities were reached\n\nduring the last period.\n\n\n\n**violence**\n\n\n\nThe states with the higher response\n\ninclude Tachira, Zulia, Bolivar, and\n\nMiranda. Some of the organizations with\n\nthe higher reach include ACNUR, DIOCE\nSIS SC, CODEHCIU, HIAS, ALIADAS EN\n\nCADENA A.C, TINTA VIOLETA and CAR\nITAS.\n\n\n\n\n\n**Figure 1. Summary of HRP 2022 - 2023 results, by Specific Objetive.**\n\n**Responding**\n**to protection**\n\n47% **risks associated** 45%\n\n**with violence of**\n\n**GbV**\n\n**children**\n# 47 4\n\n\n\n**Prevention,**\n**mitigation, and**\n\n\n\n13%\n# 13\n\n\n\n99%\n# 99\n\n\n\n**Figure 1. Summary of HRP 2022 - 2023 results, by Specific Objetive.**\n\n\n\n**Responding to**\n**protection risks**\n**associated with**\n\n\n\n47%\n# 47\n\n\n\n47%\n\n\n\n**Responding**\n**to protection**\n**risks associated**\n\n**with violence of**\n\n\n\n45%\n\n\n\n99%\n\n\n\n**Access to legal**\n**documentation***\n\n45%\n\n\n77% **Access to**\n\n**livelihoods**\n# 77\n\n\n\n**children**\n\n\n\n**Specialised**\n**protection services**\n\n\n\n_*Target does not consider birth certificates (EV-25)._\n\n\n\n77%\n\n\n\n**to people affected**\n\n\n\n**Access to** 13%\n**livelihoods**\n\n\n\n**response to**\n**protection risks**\n\n\n\n**by all forms of**\n\n\n\n36%\n\n\n\n36%\n# 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c165d314-ae94-435b-90c0-8df2768211f0/ven_report_protection_cluster_sept_oct_2023_final_11012024-compressed_2-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_952/raw/doc_952_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_952/raw/doc_952_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 4fefdae1421229da12e8c0dbdf5cf1c38f21a706..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_952/raw/doc_952_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u00a9NRC/Tom Peyre-Costa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2625b698-3e91-357d-a386-9242c6ba7262/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesen_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "The security crisis on the central Sahel region\n(Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) has been\ndeteriorating due to an increased number of\nattacks from non-State armed groups (NSAGs)\nand inter-communal disputes. From northern Mali,\nto northern Burkina Faso and western Niger, the\ncrisis has gradually escalated and spread, turning\nnow into a serious security threat for the entire\nregion.\n\n\nThe humanitarian impact of this crisis is worrisome\n[with a number of displaced people multiplied by](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[10, growing from 213,000 in 2013 to 2.5 million at](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[the end of 2021](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis) [1] . Insecurity in the Central Sahel\nregion, combined with extreme poverty, climate\nchange, food insecurity, malnutrition and the\nCOVID-19 pandemic has driven around 3.5 million\npeople among which 1.7 million are children in\nneed of humanitarian assistance.\n\n\nOn top of the general insecurity and increased\nviolence leading to mass displacements,\ndeliberate attacks and threats on schools and\nagainst teachers and students, in school or\non their way to school, are becoming more\n\n\n1. Including refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs.\n\n\n\nNumber of displaced people trend between 2013\nand 2021 in Central Sahel\n\n\n\n3000\n\n\n2500\n\n\n2000\n\n\n1500\n\n\n1000\n\n\n500\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2013 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nand more common, which further worsens\nthe situation of children and jeopardizes their\nfuture. Over 5.500 schools [2] were closed due\nto insecurity at the end of 2021 and 13 million\nchildren out of schools.\n\n\nAttacks on schools have exacerbated existing\nstructural challenges to education for all (poverty,\npoor school infrastructure, low attendance rate,\ninsufficient number of well-trained teachers),\nand, in some cases, have reversed decades of\nprogress.\n\n\nThe impact on displaced children has not only\nbeen physical or material but also psychological\n\n\n2. 3,280 in Burkina Faso; 1,621 in Mali; 611 in Niger.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2625b698-3e91-357d-a386-9242c6ba7262/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesen_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3,500\n\n3,000\n\n2,500\n\n2,000\n\n1,500\n\n1,000\n\n500\n\n0\n\n\n\nBurkina Faso Mali Niger\n\n\n\nNumber of schools closed\n(as of december 2021)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source: Education clusters_\n\n\nand mental as they witnessed violence of all\nkinds leading to trauma affecting their behaviour\nand their learning capacities and seriously\ncompromising their future.\n\n\nTo address this situation, improve learning and\nrestore hope of the displaced children in Central\nSahel, NRC, UNHCR and UNICEF have been\nimplementing several activities other the past\nyears. In December 2020, NRC launched the\nBetter Learning Program (BLP) implemented by\nteachers to support children\u2019s recovery from the\ntraumatic events experienced during conflict\nand displacement. The programme improves\nconditions for learning through mobilization of a\nchild\u2019s support network of caregivers, teachers\nand counsellors to assess and address the level\nof mental and psychological trauma faced by\nchildren. In 2021, UNHCR has strengthened the\ncapacity of teachers and members of community\nstructures in refugee and IDP hosting areas of the\nthree countries by organizing training sessions\ndedicated to the psychosocial support (PSS) of\nstudents. Psychosocial support was also provided\non an individual basis for cases requiring child\nprotection interventions. UNICEF has broadly\ntaken a multi-sectoral approach to providing\n\n\n\npsychosocial support to children in the Sahel,\nacross education, child protection and nutrition\nactivities in particular. Moving forward, there will\nbe an increasing drive to consider this within\nthe broader consideration of mental health as a\nfoundation for resilience and learning.\n\n\nAs part of NRC BLP Program, an assessment has\nbeen conducted, in Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali [3]\naiming to measure promoters and barriers for\nlearning before and after interventions.\n\n\nThe initial results of the assessment conducted\nfrom May to September 2021 are quite alarming:\n**53% of the children don\u2019t feel safe inside the**\n**school, 62%** of them **cannot concentrate when**\n**doing schoolwork and 64%** of the students\n**have little to no hope in the future** . In addition,\n**72% of children are in need of additional**\n**school support, 67% of children in need of**\n**additional support from their family members**\n**and 91% of children has low self-regulation**\n**skills/awareness** .\n\n\nTaking a closer look to the results per country,\nwe can highlight the perception of insecurity that\nis very high in Burkina Faso in conflict-affected\nareas [4], with only the **4% of respondents who**\n**feel safe at school** or the lack of psychosocial\nsupport with only **23% who feel supported by**\n**a school staff when they are scared** . Still in\nBurkina Faso, only the **25% of children appear**\n**to have a good level in terms of concentration**\nat school and only the **17% of have reported**\n**to feel always able to do their best at school** .\nThese data are alarming and need urgent\n\n\n3. A total of 641 children (354 girls and 287 boys) 6 to 14 years old have\nbeen assessed between May and September 2021.\n\n4. The assessment was conducted in 3 schools in the area\nof Barsalogho, Burkina Faso.\n\n\n\nStudents who cannot\nconcentrate when doing\nschoolwork\n\n\n\nStudents who don't feel\nsafe inside the school\n\n\n\nStudents who have little to\nno hope in the future\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.838790237903595, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8045359253883362, - "start": 316, - "end": 317 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.5648661255836487, - "start": 467, - "end": 469 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.961376965045929, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9431946277618408, - "start": 622, - "end": 623 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Barsalogho, Burkina Faso", - "confidence": 0.7599350214004517, - "start": 632, - "end": 636 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2021", - "confidence": 0.8910987973213196, - "start": 617, - "end": 618 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Students", - "confidence": 0.8060308694839478, - "start": 637, - "end": 638 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2625b698-3e91-357d-a386-9242c6ba7262/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesen_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Children with low selfregulation skills/awareness\n\n\n\nChildren in need of\nadditional school support\n\n\n\nChildren in need of additional\nsupport from their family\nmembers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmitigation measures from governments, school\nadministrations and the humanitarian community\nin order to improve children\u2019s ability to continue\nlearning despite all the challenges.\n\n\nIn Niger, the results of the assessment [5] are also\nconcerning with **71% of the respondents that**\n**have little to no hope in the future** or **86% of**\n**children who feel they need additional school**\n**support** . In terms of security and compared with\nBurkina Faso, the results are more encouraging\nin Niger with **65% of children feeling safe at**\n**school** . Paradoxically, only **38% feel supported**\n**by school staff when they are scared** which\nis clear appeal for school staff to do more to\nsupport children after receiving themselves\npsychosocial support as well as additional\ncapacity building.\n\n\nIn Mali [6], if the overall data appear more\ncomforting compared with the other countries,\nthere are however, challenges in the areas of\n\n\n5. The assessment was conducted in 10 schools in the regions\nof Maradi and Tillaberi, Niger.\n\n6. The assessment was conducted in 6 schools in the region of Mopti,\nMali.\n\n\n\nself-efficacy and self-regulation. Also, in terms of\nhope, there is room for improvements with **42%**\n**who do not believe they will ever graduate**\n**school** and the **47% of them not seeing**\n**positive changes happening in the future** . The\nresults are equally mixed in terms of academic\nfunctioning with only **49% of the students that**\n**reported to have good level of concentration**\n**when doing schoolwork.**\n\n\nEducation has been neglected for far too\nlong in humanitarian responses to conflict and\ndisplacement. Without appropriate mitigation and\nimmediate response measures this continued\nexposure to stress and violence in addition to\ndisrupted access to education will have dramatic\nlong-term psychosocial consequences on\nchildren. Countries\u2019 socio-economic development\nwill also be affected resulting in a whole\ngeneration of children falling behind, reduction in\nquality of education and learning, and challenges\nin productivity and growth for these countries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.9365178942680359, - "start": 58, - "end": 59 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9536333084106445, - "start": 52, - "end": 53 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Children", - "confidence": 0.5817998647689819, - "start": 0, - "end": 1 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "assessment", - "confidence": 0.8712571263313293, - "start": 226, - "end": 227 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "self-efficacy and self-regulation", - "confidence": 0.8445560932159424, - "start": 259, - "end": 262 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "students", - "confidence": 0.7935216426849365, - "start": 340, - "end": 341 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2625b698-3e91-357d-a386-9242c6ba7262/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesen_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE** **PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT**\n\n\n###### **1. Governments and international community:**\n\nto place safety and well-being of children at\nthe heart of all education related decisions by\nsupporting and prioritizing the creation of safe\nand protective learning environments:\n\n\n- Provide access to appropriate training and\nongoing in-service support for teaching and nonteaching staff living in insecure and displacement\nareas;\n\n\n- Define clear roles and responsibilities,\nincrease resources and supportive supervision\nfor teachers, to ensure that schools are turned\ninto safe and protective spaces where forcibly\ndisplaced children can regain a sense of\nnormalcy following the trauma of displacement;\n\n\n- Regularly prevent and monitor Protection from\nSexual Exploitation and Abuse in all learning\nenvironments;\n\n\n- Set-up up quality alternative learning spaces\nin consultation with affected communities and\n\n\n\nrelevant stakeholders in areas where formal\nschools are not considered a safe option and\ncannot be re-opened.\n\n###### 2. National and international NGOs: to\n\nincrease and strengthen psychosocial and child\nprotection support interventions at multiple levels\nto students and schools\u2019 staff and provide them\nthe tools aiming to enhance their mid and longterm recovery making sure that no child is left\nbehind. Children\u2019s general recovery, wellbeing\nand academic functioning should be monitored\nand assessed periodically.\n\n###### 3. Schools staff (and family members): to\n\ninvolve parents in the recovery process and\nstrengthen a communication channel among\nparents, teachers and students; and to provide\nlife-saving knowledge and skills to children,\nhelping them build confidence and self-esteem\nas well as capacity to express themselves\nthrough role playing and group discussions.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2625b698-3e91-357d-a386-9242c6ba7262/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesen_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_953/raw/doc_953_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_953/raw/doc_953_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3dca07774f7faf667804c6901b6da67720f8c7d3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_953/raw/doc_953_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u00a9NRC/Tom Peyre-Costa\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70d4db7f-0015-3c29-9a27-adfba6f6d0e4/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesfr_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "La crise s\u00e9curitaire au Sahel Central (Burkina\nFaso, Mali et Niger) se d\u00e9t\u00e9riore du fait\nd\u2019un nombre accru d\u2019attaques de Groupes\nArm\u00e9s Non-\u00c9tatiques et de querelles\nintercommunautaires. Du nord du Mali au nord du\nBurkina Faso en passant par l\u2019Ouest du Niger, la\ncrise s\u2019est graduellement empir\u00e9e et r\u00e9pandue,\nse transformant aujourd\u2019hui en un risque\ns\u00e9curitaire pour toute la r\u00e9gion.\n\n\nL\u2019impact humanitaire de la crise est inqui\u00e9tant,\n[avec un nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[multipli\u00e9 par 10, passant de 213 000 personnes](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis)\n[en 2013 \u00e0 2,5 millions](https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/situations/sahelcrisis) [1] fin 2021. Environ 3,5\nmillions de personnes, dont 1,7 million d\u2019enfants,\nont besoin d\u2019une assistance humanitaire du fait\nde l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel Central,\ncombin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9, au changement\nclimatique, \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, \u00e0 la\nmalnutrition et \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19.\n\n\nEn plus de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et de\nl\u2019augmentation de la violence conduisant \u00e0 des\nd\u00e9placements massifs, les attaques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es et\nles menaces contre les \u00e9coles, les professeurs\net les enfants, dans les \u00e9coles ou sur le chemin\nde l\u2019\u00e9cole, sont de plus en plus communs, ce qui\naggrave davantage la situation des enfants et\nmet en p\u00e9ril leur futur.Plus de 5.500 \u00e9coles [2] sont\nferm\u00e9es du fait de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de 2021\navec 13 millions d\u2019enfants hors des \u00e9coles.\n\n\n1. Y compris les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs d\u2019asile et les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es internes.\n\n\n2. 3 280 au Burkina Faso; 1 621 au Mali; 611 au Niger.\n\n\n\nNombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es entre 2013 et\n2021 dans le Sahel central\n\n\n\n3000\n\n\n2500\n\n\n2000\n\n\n1500\n\n\n1000\n\n\n500\n\n\n0\n\n\n\n2013 2021\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLes attaques dans les \u00e9coles ont exacerb\u00e9 les\nd\u00e9fis structurels r\u00e9cents li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour\ntous (pauvret\u00e9, infrastructures scolaires limit\u00e9es,\nfaible taux de fr\u00e9quentation, nombre insuffisant\nde professeurs form\u00e9s), et, dans certains cas, ont\nmis en cause des d\u00e9cennies de progr\u00e8s.\n\n\nL\u2019impact sur les enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s n\u2019a pas\nseulement \u00e9t\u00e9 physique ou mat\u00e9riel mais aussi\npsychologique et mental car \u00e9tant t\u00e9moins de\nviolences de tout types, cela leur cause des\ntraumatismes affectant leurs comportements et\nleurs capacit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage et mettant \u00e0\nrisque leur future.\n\n\nDepuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, le Conseil Norv\u00e9gien\npour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (NRC), le Haut-Commissariat\npour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR), et le Fond des\nNations Unies pour l\u2019Enfance (UNICEF) mettent en\n\u0153uvre plusieurs activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 apporter une\nr\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la situation, am\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9ducation et\nrestaurer l\u2019espoir des enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans le\nSahel Central.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70d4db7f-0015-3c29-9a27-adfba6f6d0e4/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesfr_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "3,500\n\n3,000\n\n2,500\n\n2,000\n\n1,500\n\n1,000\n\n500\n\n0\n\n\n\nBurkina Faso Mali Niger\n\n\n\nNombre d'\u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es\n(en d\u00e9cembre 2021)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source : Clusters Education_\n\n\nEn 2020, NRC a lanc\u00e9 le Better Learning\nProgramme (BLP), un programme mis en \u0153uvre\npar des professeurs, qui \u0153uvre pour la gu\u00e9rison\ndes enfants traumatis\u00e9s par des sc\u00e8nes de\nviolences auxquelles ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s lors\nde conflits et de d\u00e9placements. Le programme\nvise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les conditions d\u2019apprentissage\npar la mobilisation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau d\u2019appui aux\nenfants constitu\u00e9 de personnels soignant, de\nprofesseurs et de conseillers qui \u00e9valuent le\nniveau de traumatisme mental et psychologique\ndont les enfants souffrent. En 2021, le HCR\na renforc\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s des professeurs et\nmembres des structures communautaires\ndans les zones abritant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans les trois pays en\norganisant des sessions de formation d\u00e9di\u00e9es au\nsoutien psychologique aux enfants. Le soutien\npsychologique a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9 sur une\nbase individuelle dans les cas n\u00e9cessitant des\ninterventions de protection des enfants. L\u2019UNICEF\na mis en place une approche multisectorielle\ndans la provision de l\u2019appui psychosocial aux\nenfants dans le Sahel, \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la\nprotection de l\u2019enfant et les activit\u00e9s de nutrition\nen particulier. Cela sera de plus en plus pris en\ncompte dans le cadre plus large de la sant\u00e9\nmentale comme la base de la r\u00e9silience et de\n\n\n\nl\u2019apprentissage.\n\n\nDans le cadre du BLP Programme mis en\n\u0153uvre par NRC, une \u00e9valuation a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite\nau Burkina Faso, au Niger et au Mali [3] afin de\nmesurer les facilitateurs et les barri\u00e8res li\u00e9s \u00e0\nl\u2019apprentissage avant et apr\u00e8s les interventions.\n\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats initiaux de l\u2019\u00e9valuation qui s\u2019est\ntenue de mai \u00e0 septembre 2021 sont plut\u00f4t\nalarmants : **53% des enfants** interrog\u00e9s **ne se**\n**sentent pas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole**, **62%** d\u2019entre\neux **ne peuvent pas se concentrer quand ils**\n**font leurs devoirs scolaires** et **64% des \u00e9coliers**\n**ont tr\u00e8s peu voire pas du tout d\u2019espoir pour**\n**l\u2019avenir.** En outre, **72% des enfants ont besoin**\n**d\u2019un appui additionnel,** **67% des enfants ont**\n**besoin d\u2019appui suppl\u00e9mentaire de la part des**\n**membres de leur famille** et **91% des enfants**\n**ont un tr\u00e8s peu de connaissances en termes**\n**de contr\u00f4le de soi.**\n\n\nEn analysant plus en d\u00e9tail les r\u00e9sultats par\npays, nous pouvons souligner la perception de\nl\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e au Burkina Faso\ndans les zones en conflit [4], avec seulement **4%**\n**des enfants interrog\u00e9s qui se sentent en**\n**s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole** ou le manque de support\npsychosocial avec seulement **23% qui sentent**\n**qu\u2019ils sont appuy\u00e9s par le personnel scolaire**\n**quand ils ont peur.** Toujours au Burkina Faso,\nseuls **25% des enfants ont l\u2019air d\u2019avoir**\n**un bon niveau de concentration** \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole\net seuls **17% ont affirm\u00e9 \u00eatre toujours en**\n**mesure de faire de leur mieux \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole** . Ces\ndonn\u00e9es sont inqui\u00e9tantes et n\u00e9cessitent des\nmesures urgentes de mitigation de la part des\n\n\n3. L\u2019\u00e9valuation a port\u00e9 sur un total de 641 enfants (354 filles et 287\ngar\u00e7ons) de 6 \u00e0 14 ans entre mai et septembre 2021.\n\n4. L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans 3 \u00e9coles dans la zone de Barsalogho,\nBurkina Faso.\n\n\n\nEl\u00e8ves qui ne se sentent\npas en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole\n\n\n\n\n\nEl\u00e8ves qui ont peu ou pas du\ntout d'espoir en l'avenir\n\n\n\nEnfants qui ne peuvent pas se\nconcentrer pour faire leurs\ndevoirs\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70d4db7f-0015-3c29-9a27-adfba6f6d0e4/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesfr_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Enfants avec tr\u00e8s peu de\nconnaissances en termes de\ncontr\u00f4le de soi\n\n\n\nEnfants qui ont besoin d\u2019un\nappui additionnel\n\n\n\nEnfants qui ont besoin d\u2019appui\nsuppl\u00e9mentaire de la part des\nmembres de leur famille\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ngouvernements, de l\u2019administration des \u00e9coles et\nde la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer\nla capacit\u00e9 des enfants de continuer \u00e0 \u00e9tudier\nmalgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis.\n\n\nAu Niger les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation [5] sont aussi\ninqui\u00e9tants avec **71% des enfants qui ont peu**\n**ou pas du tout d\u2019espoir concernant l\u2019avenir** ou\n**86%** d\u2019entre eux **qui sentent qu\u2019ils ont besoin**\n**d\u2019appui additionnel.** En termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et\npar rapport au Burkina Faso, les r\u00e9sultats sont\nplus encourageants au Niger avec **65% des**\n**enfants qui se sentent en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole** .\nParadoxalement, seuls **38% se sentent appuy\u00e9s**\n**par les enseignants quand ils ont peur** ce\nqui correspond clairement \u00e0 un appel envers le\npersonnel \u00e9ducatif \u00e0 faire plus en terme d\u2019appui\naux enfants apr\u00e8s avoir eux-m\u00eames b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9\nd\u2019un appui psychosocial ainsi que de sessions\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires de renforcement de capacit\u00e9.\n\n\nAu Mali [6], si les donn\u00e9es ont l\u2019air plus\nsatisfaisantes en comparaison avec les autres\npays, il y a cependant des d\u00e9fis en mati\u00e8re de\ncontr\u00f4le de soi et la capacit\u00e9 de trouver des\nsolutions soi-m\u00eame. Aussi, en ce qui\nconcerne l\u2019espoir en l\u2019avenir, des progr\u00e8s\nsont \u00e0 faire avec **42% des enfants qui**\n\n\n5. L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans 10 \u00e9coles dans les r\u00e9gions\nde Maradi et Tillaberi, Niger.\n\n\n\n**ne croient pas qu\u2019ils iront jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de**\n**l\u2019enseignement scolaire** et **47% d\u2019entre eux qui**\n**ne voient pas de changements positifs dans**\n**leur vie \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.** Les r\u00e9sultats sont \u00e9galement\nmitig\u00e9s en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement\nacad\u00e9mique avec seulement **49% des**\n**enfants qui disent avoir un bon niveau de**\n**concentration quand ils font leurs devoirs**\n**scolaires.**\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9ducation a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e pendant beaucoup\ntrop longtemps dans le cadre de la r\u00e9ponse\nhumanitaire li\u00e9e aux conflits et aux d\u00e9placements.\nSans mesures de mitigation et de r\u00e9ponses\nappropri\u00e9es et imm\u00e9diates, cette exposition\ncontinue au stress et \u00e0 la violence, en plus\nde l\u2019acc\u00e8s perturb\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, auront des\ncons\u00e9quences dramatiques \u00e0 long-terme\nsur les enfants. Cela affectera \u00e9galement le\nd\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique des pays,\nr\u00e9sultant sur une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration toute enti\u00e8re\nd\u2019enfants impact\u00e9s par une r\u00e9duction de la\nqualit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de l\u2019apprentissage et par\ndes d\u00e9fis de productivit\u00e9 et de croissance dans\nces pays.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70d4db7f-0015-3c29-9a27-adfba6f6d0e4/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesfr_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "###### **RECOMMANDATIONS POUR AMELIORER** **LE SOUTIEN PSYCHOSOCIAL**\n\n\n\n**1.** **Au Gouvernement et \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9**\n**internationale :** placer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le bien\u00eatre des enfants au c\u0153ur de toutes les\nd\u00e9cisions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation en appuyant et en\npriorisant la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un environnement sain\nd\u2019apprentissage :\n\n- Mettre en place des conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0\ndes formations appropri\u00e9es et \u00e0 des services\nconstants d\u2019appui pour le personnel \u00e9ducatif\net non-\u00e9ducatif vivant dans des zones non\ns\u00e9curis\u00e9es ou accueillant des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es ;\n\n- D\u00e9finir clairement les r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s,\naugmenter les ressources et am\u00e9liorer la\nsupervision des professeurs afin de s\u2019assurer que\nles \u00e9coles deviennent des endroits s\u00fbrs et des\nespaces de protection o\u00f9 les enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\npeuvent regagner une sensation de normalit\u00e9\napr\u00e8s le traumatisme li\u00e9 au d\u00e9placement ;\n\n- Mettre en place un syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9vention\net de suivi r\u00e9gulier et ad\u00e9quat de la Protection\ncontre les Abus et l\u2019Exploitation Sexuelle dans\ntous les environnements \u00e9ducatifs ;\n\n- Mettre en place des espaces d\u2019apprentissage\nqualitatifs en concertation avec les communaut\u00e9s\naffect\u00e9es et les acteurs pertinents dans des\nzones o\u00f9 les \u00e9coles formelles ne sont pas\n\n\n\nconsid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une option s\u00fbre et ne\npeuvent pas \u00eatre rouvertes.\n\n\n**2.** **Aux ONGs nationales et internationales :**\naugmenter et renforcer les interventions d\u2019appui\net de protection psychosociale aux enfants \u00e0\nplusieurs niveaux, \u00e9coliers et personnel \u00e9ducatif,\net mettre \u00e0 leur disposition les outils visant \u00e0\nfaciliter leur gu\u00e9rison \u00e0 moyen et long terme\nen s\u2019assurant qu\u2019aucun enfant n\u2019est laiss\u00e9 pour\ncompte. La gu\u00e9rison des enfants, le bien-\u00eatre\net le fonctionnement acad\u00e9mique doivent \u00eatre\nsurveill\u00e9s et \u00e9valu\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on p\u00e9riodique.\n\n\n**3.** **Au personnel \u00e9ducatif et aux membres**\n**de la famille :** impliquer les parents dans le\nprocessus de gu\u00e9rison et renforcer les moyens\nde communication parmi les parents, les\nprofesseurs et les enfants; et mettre en place des\nconnaissances et comp\u00e9tences pouvant sauver\nles vies des enfants, les aidant \u00e0 construire leur\nconfiance en soi et leur estime de soi ainsi que\nleur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019exprimer \u00e0 travers des jeux de\nr\u00f4le et des discussions de groupe.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/70d4db7f-0015-3c29-9a27-adfba6f6d0e4/wca_educationsomadvocacynotesfr_20220124.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_954/raw/doc_954_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_954/raw/doc_954_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 82cb1da9fb0538696e0e1a09fdd4c2c812d6eefe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_954/raw/doc_954_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,179 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **Sustaining Protection Under Pressure: The Impact of Humanitarian** **Funding Cuts on Protection Programming in West and Central Africa**\n\n_Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa_\n\n\nOVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION\n\n\nWest and Central Africa accounts for over 12 million forcibly displaced persons, 80% of whom are women and\nchildren. The Central Sahel ( **Burkina Faso, Mali, Western Niger** ) and the Lake Chad Basin ( **Chad, Nigeria,**\n**Niger, Cameroon** ) are experiencing complex humanitarian crises, with protection risks and related needs\nescalating due to conflict, increasing forced displacement and climate shocks. There are over 165,000\nrefugees and asylum-seekers hosted in the northern parts of the coastal countries of the Gulf of Guinea due to\nspillover of the conflict in the Sahel. **Sudan** [is grappling with the largest humanitarian crisis in the world which](https://www.nrc.no/feature/2025/sudan-two-years-of-emergency-aid-in-the-worlds-largest-crisis)\ncontinues to drive displacement into **Chad** and the **Central African Republic** . **Chad** has received nearly one\nmillion new Sudanese refugees since April 2023; refugees now account for 1 in every 3 people in eastern Chad.\n\n\nThe trend of reductions in humanitarian funding in recent years has been accelerated by sudden cuts by major\ndonors in 2025, with devastating consequences for the delivery of core life-saving protection activities across\nconflict zones and displacement situations in the region. The suspension of case management and protection\nservices, the closure of safe spaces for women and children, and the reduction in protection monitoring\ncapacity and community-based protection interventions have left populations already affected by protection\nrisks increasingly exposed to violence, exploitation, and neglect. Communities are losing the ability to prevent\nand respond to threats, eroding community-based systems that have been built over years of investment.\nNational systems, local NGOs, and frontline workers are overwhelmed or dismantled.\n\n\nAs responses become increasingly fragmented, protection actors risk losing their ability to engage with longerterm efforts and the humanitarian-development-peace nexus. Without urgent investment to sustain them, the\nremaining protection services may eventually disappear across the region. The current funding crisis in West\nand Central Africa is not just a funding gap: it is the erosion of the entire humanitarian protection environment.\n\n\nKEY PROTECTION RISKS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA\n\n\nIn recent years, the Central Sahel and Lake Chad Basin regions experienced a marked escalation in protection\nincidents. In 2024, 1 in 3 communities surveyed by Project 21 in these two subregions continuously reported\nprotection incidents every month. In 2025, there are over 16 million people in need of protection across **Burkina**\n**Faso, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Mali, Niger,** and **Nigeria** according to the regional Humanitarian Needs and\nResponse Plans (HNRP). Widespread conflict, insecurity, and forced displacement continue to expose civilians\n\n- particularly women, children, and other vulnerable groups \u2013 to severe protection risks.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\nProtection Risks\nSeverity in Africa,\nGlobal Protection\nCluster, March 2025\n\n\nKey priority risks identified by Protection Clusters in West and Central Africa include **attacks on civilians**, **theft**\n**and evictions**, **forced displacement**, and **abductions.** These risks are widespread and often interlinked,\ncompounding the vulnerabilities of affected populations and increasing their severity. The **prevalence of**\n**gender-based violence** **(GBV)** across the region reflects a troubling intersection of insecurity, poverty, and\ngender inequality, further amplified by forced displacement and the breakdown of protective systems. Early\nmarriage, along with psychosocial and emotional distress, are prevalent protection risks affecting\ncommunities, in particular women and girls.\n\n\nChildren are at heightened risk, with all six grave violations of children\u2019s rights being verified and reported by\npartners across the region. **Recruitment and use** of children in armed conflict is a critical concern particularly\nin areas where access to education is limited, social cohesion is deteriorating, and risks of abduction are\nheightened. **Family separation** is another persistent risk, driven by forced displacement, abduction, and the\ncollapse of reunification systems \u2013 placing children and the elderly at elevated risk.\n\n\nThe **presence of explosive ordnance, including landmines and improvised explosive devices** further\nendangers civilians and impedes humanitarian response. In addition, humanitarian access remains severely\nrestricted in many areas, impacting affected communities\u2019 access to essential social and protection services\nas well as multiplying protection risks due to negative coping mechanisms, increasing intercommunity\ntensions and food insecurity.\n\n\n**[Protection Risks Prioritized by the Protection Clusters through the Protection Analysis Updates](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/emergencies/protection-analysis-updates)**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Col1|Priority Risk 1 Priority Risk 2 Priority Risk 3 Priority Risk 4 Priority Risk 5|\n|---|---|\n|**BURKINA FASO**|ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
ABDUCTION &
DETENTION
MOV. RESTRIC. &
DISPLACEMENT
FORCED RECRUITMENT
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE|\n|**CAMEROON**|GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
MOV. RESTRIC. &
DISPLACEMENT
FAMILY SEPARATION
TORTURE
ABDUCTION &
DETENTION|\n|**CAR**|GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
THEFT & EVICTION
PRESENCE OF MINES
ABDUCTION &
DETENTION
FORCED RECRUITMENT|\n|**CHAD**|ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
FAMILY SEPARATION
THEFT & EVICTION
DISCRIMINATION|\n|**MALI**|ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
MOV. RESTRIC. &
DISPLACEMENT
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
PRESENCE OF MINES
ABDUCTION &
DETENTION|\n|**NIGER**|EARLY/FORCED
MARRIAGE
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
THEFT & EVICTION
PSYCHOSOCIAL|\n|**NIGERIA**|ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
FORCED RECRUITMENT
RETURNS & FORCED
DISPLACEMENT
--|\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\nThe ongoing refugee influx into **Chad** and the spillover of the Sahel crisis into coastal countries places\nadditional pressure on already overstretched protection responses and capacities in these countries and\nincreases emergency protection needs for these vulnerable populations. Approximately 72% of newly arrived\nSudanese refugees in Chad have faced serious human rights violations including physical and gender-based\nviolence, arbitrary detention and forced recruitment and need critical, life-saving interventions.\n\n\n_**Operational Protection Response**_\n\n\n**Core protection programming** focuses on mitigating harm, reducing risks, and ensuring the full enjoyment of\nhuman rights and safety of affected populations, particularly forcibly displaced persons, women and children.\nAcross the region, **protection** **programming is increasingly integrated** with cash assistance, education, health\nand livelihoods initiatives to enhance resilience and self-reliance, all while maintaining a strong focus on\naccountability, conflict sensitivity, and the centrality of protection. A decrease in protection funding risks\ndismantling these integrated approaches that are critical to the regional response. This would not only\nundermine the centrality of protection but also have a direct negative impact on the ability of other sectors to\neffectively deliver dedicated humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n**Community-based and localized approaches are the operational backbone of the humanitarian response**\nin the region, enabling context-specific, sustainable solutions and strong partnerships with local and\ncommunity-led organizations, especially in hard-to-reach areas. Discontinuing these initiatives weakens\noverstretched community resilience, disrupts essential protection mechanisms, and destabilizes a complex\nlocalization process, thus exacerbating protection risks in an already volatile regional context.\n\n\nIn the Central Sahel and Lake Chad Basin, **protection efforts are under severe financial strain and**\n**complicated by a volatile security environment** characterized by widespread insecurity, mistrust between\ncommunities and authorities, and the politicization of aid. Protection actors face severe access constraints\nand must navigate complex social and political dynamics to avoid reinforcing power imbalances. Abrupt\nfunding reductions threaten not only the continuity of context-specific, survivor-centred, and conflict-sensitive\nprotection programming, but also the safety and security of frontline staff trying to stay and deliver in unstable\nand high-risk areas.\n\n\nIMPACT OF RECENT FUNDING REDUCTIONS ON PROTECTION\n\n\n_**For years, funding for protection in West and Central Africa has been insufficient to meet the scale of growing**_\n_**protection risks.**_\n\n\nIn 2024, while the Protection Cluster globally faced a 51% funding gap, the average shortfall in the Central Sahel\n(Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger) and the Lake Chad Basin (Chad, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon) was even higher, at\n52.6%. This shortfall is largely driven by the mismatch between escalating humanitarian needs and stagnant or\ndeclining funding. As a result, millions of vulnerable individuals have been left without vital assistance.\n\n\nGBV programming has been chronically underfunded between 2021 and 2024, with funding gaps ranging from\n56% to 78%. In **Burkina Faso,** this underinvestment has contributed to a 12% decline in the number of GBV\nsurvivors seeking help during the first half of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. In **Mali,** the situation\nis equally concerning; in 2024, 35% of GBV survivors reported being unable to access essential medical care,\nwhile a staggering 81% had no access to safe shelter.\n\n\nWithin the 2025 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP), the Protection Clusters in West and Central\nAfrica requested $613.1 million. However, as of May 2025, **only 14% ($88.5 million) of this amount has been**\n**received.** Across both HNRP and non-HNRP channels, total funding for the protection sector stands at just\n$106.8 million. This marks a significant decline compared to the same period in 2024. **Mali, the Central African**\n**Republic and Cameroon are the three countries receiving the least attention and funding.** The situation has\nbeen further compounded by policy shifts from major donors, particularly the Government of the United States,\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\n[which in 2024 was the largest contributor to the protection sector](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNGE3NGU5OWItNWIwYy00NGJlLWI5ZTUtNGJhYzBiYWVhNjlmIiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxNmU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSection41093ce46c53210880ac&id=bi-fts-prod-onepager&cdxpageid=bi-fts-prod-onepager) - providing 32.9% of total funding. The U.S.\nwas also the leading donor in **Nigeria** (52.8% of protection funding), **Mali** (34%), the **Central African Republic**\n(33.1%), and **Niger** (27.3%).\n\n\n[Projections by the Global Protection Cluster](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/2208/reports/report/gpc-funding-analysis-and-protection-risks-understanding-link-and) show that **reductions in protection funding may lead to**\n**significantly high losses in programmatic responses.** For example, in **Cameroon**, a 30% funding cut could\nreduce activity levels by 37%, and a 50% cut could shrink operational activities by 69%. These estimates reflect\npotential reductions across a range of core protection interventions, including direct service delivery,\nprotection monitoring, community engagement, and the provision of life-saving information, leaving affected\npopulations at greater risk.\n\n\n_**The recent funding reductions have placed thousands of lives at heightened risk.**_\n\n\nDue to funding reductions, life-saving interventions such as **protection case management**, including targeted\n**individual assistance** to victims of protection incidents and **legal support**, including for civil documentation\nhave been dramatically impacted. Emergency protection interventions provided under the Rapid Response\nMechanim in 2024 for instance in **Mali** for over 1,000 victims of human rights violations including more than\n200 children, are no longer funded. In the **Central African Republic,** a justice program for 300,000 people,\nincluding survivors of sexual violence, was cancelled before its launch, cutting off access to legal and\npsychological assistance. These gaps not only deepen survivors\u2019 trauma and reinforce impunity but also\ndiscourage access to justice. Access to **civil documentation,** which has been a key protection gap especially\nin the Sahel region and Northeast Nigeria has become more prominent, leaving individuals exposed to arbitrary\narrest, detention and taxation. In addition, more than 600,000 refugees and asylum-seekers in the region,\nmostly in Chad, Mali, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and the Central African Republic who are left without documentation due to\ninsufficient funding face risks of unlawful detention and refoulement. In many countries effective initiatives\nsuch as **cash-for-protection programs** have also been severely curtailed, reducing the availability of crucial\nsafety nets for those at heightened risk of violence and exploitation.\n\n\n**Protection monitoring & protection emergency response for victims of violence and attacks** have been\ndisrupted, particularly in **Cameroon, Mali, Niger** and **Nigeria**, where critical data is no longer being collected.\nIn **Niger**, protection monitoring coverage dropped by more than 50% with only 3 regions covered in 2025\ncompared to 7 in 2024. Moreover, in many countries the breakdown of **early warning systems**, including rapid\nprotection assessments, community-based support structures, and community-based protection initiatives\nseverely undermines the ability to detect and respond to threats linked to forced recruitment, arbitrary\ndetention, and movement restrictions.\n\n\nSimultaneously, **community-based protection** mechanisms are facing disruption and there is an increased\npressure to fill gaps where humanitarian funding has reduced. This is a key concern in areas such as the North\nregion in **Burkina Faso** at the border with **Mali** where community-based protection committees have lost\nmaterial and logistical support to prevent risks towards children, including forced recruitment, child labour and\nexploitation. In **Niger**, as community-based protection networks lost support, awareness sessions and\ncommunity campaigns on issues like child marriage, violence prevention, and social cohesion have sharply\ndeclined. Referral pathways of persons with specific needs collapsed in 5 regions, affecting at least 12,000\nIDPs and host community members relying on timely access to services.\n\n\nThe reduction in **housing, land and property** programming significantly undermines tenure security, support\nfor land rights, and the resolution of land disputes- particularly for displaced populations in fragile contexts. In\nthe Sahel, the interruption of capacity-building and awareness-raising initiatives threatens to weaken\ncommunity-based land governance and conflict resolution mechanisms, with adverse effects on\nintercommunal dialogue and social cohesion.\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "life-saving information", - "confidence": 0.7984423637390137, - "start": 196, - "end": 198 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected\npopulations", - "confidence": 0.8056397438049316, - "start": 200, - "end": 202 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\n**GBV prevention and response** services have been particularly affected across the region. The closure of safe\nspaces, One Stop Centers and mobile clinics, and the interruption of case management services, including\nmedical care and psychosocial support have left over 450,000 people in **Mali** (especially Menaka region) and\nmore than 12,000 people in **Burkina Faso** without support and exposed to negative coping mechanisms. In\n**Niger**, GBVIMS data show a 48% decrease in reported GBV cases during the first quarter of 2025 compared to\n2024 mostly due to the sudden interruption of identification and response services, specifically in the regions\nof Diffa, Maradi, Tillab\u00e9ri and Tahoua. In **Chad**, where more than 15% of GBV actors had to interrupt or suspend\nGBV programmes due to funding cuts, GBVIMS data show that 59% of identified GBV survivors were unable to\naccess medical services in the first quarter of 2025. In the **Central African Republic**, only 21% of the 65\nlocalities identified as GBV intervention zones retained in the HNRP 2025 are covered by GBV services. In\nrefugee hosting areas like Birao, Sam-Ouandja, Bambouti, where two clinics closed, tens of thousands of\npersons, mainly women and girls, lost access to essential sexual and reproductive health and critical GBV\nsupport, including rape management and psychosocial services.\n\n\nThe impact on children is equally alarming. The disruption in **child protection** **services**, such as **case**\n**management, mental health and psychosocial support** as well as **parenting programs** exposes out-of-school\nchildren, unaccompanied and separated children and children who have experienced human right violations\nto heightened protection risks. In **Cameroon**, case management plans have ground to a halt after caseworkers\nwere sent home leaving children survivors of harm without alternative care. In **Nigeria**, where integrated child\nprotection programs related to nutrition or HIV response have collapsed, child protection responders [fear being](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Global%20impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20children%20and%20their%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20contexts_English__0.pdf)\n[unable to address life threatening needs for children. With](https://alliancecpha.org/sites/default/files/technical/attachments/Global%20impact%20of%20funding%20cuts%20on%20children%20and%20their%20protection%20in%20humanitarian%20contexts_English__0.pdf) [other sectors such as food security impacted,](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/hunger-harm-and-hard-choices-cost-humanitarian-funding-crisis-children)\nespecially in **Mali** and the **Central African Republic**, children face increased risks of being withdrawn from\nschool, sent to work, early married, and subjected to sexual violence. In addition, the current funding crisis\nhampers the [provision of life-saving services for Sudanese refugees](https://new.ajala.app/) in **Chad** where a sharp increase in the\nnumber of unaccompanied and separated children, children-headed households and children survivors of warrelated, physical, sexual and psychological violence has been reported in 2025.\n\n\nThe halt of **mine action and explosive ordnance risk awareness and education** programs across conflictaffected areas has dramatically increased risks. In **Mali**, the significant reduction of mine action-related\nactivities has left over 10,000 people especially farmers, herders, and displaced families without the tools to\nidentify and respond to the threat of explosive hazards. As [mine related risks have expanded](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/publications/2262/reports/protection-analysis-update/mali-protection-analysis-update) towards the\nsouthern and western parts of Mali where there are no specialized partners available, the funding gap has\nbecome critical.\n\n\n_**Hindering the Localization Agenda**_\n\nRecent funding cuts have placed a double burden on local actors. First, they are often required to take over\ncases and implement entire programs where INGOs are no longer funded to support protection initiatives,\ncovering service gaps where possible. In addition, local actors themselves are directly affected by funding cuts\nand their operational capacity is shrinking, in some cases forcing them to shut down entire operations. More\nthan 50% of local & national NGOs involved in child protection programmes in the region have lost over 40% of\ntheir protection budgets. In **Cameroon\u2019s** Northwest and Southwest regions Women and Girls\u2019 Safe Spaces\n(WGSS) were prematurely handed over to local communities without sufficient resources or preparation,\nleading to closures of safe spaces in some locations as well as the termination of skills-building, and financial\ninclusion activities. In **Niger**, over 20 local NGOs who previously benefited from coordination, training, and\nprotection tools received no technical support in 2025. Similarly, the viability of women-led community-based\norganizations and paralegal networks across the region is threatened, disrupting essential grassroots services\nand jeopardizing their sustainability.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9845938682556152, - "start": 101, - "end": 103 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Regional Protection Working Group", - "confidence": 0.7749174237251282, - "start": 0, - "end": 4 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Niger", - "confidence": 0.9096112847328186, - "start": 97, - "end": 98 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7746224403381348, - "start": 117, - "end": 118 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2024", - "confidence": 0.7283808588981628, - "start": 120, - "end": 121 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "GBVIMS data", - "confidence": 0.9839679002761841, - "start": 173, - "end": 175 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Central African Republic", - "confidence": 0.6899170875549316, - "start": 200, - "end": 203 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.7269344329833984, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2025", - "confidence": 0.5825439095497131, - "start": 194, - "end": 195 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "identified GBV survivors", - "confidence": 0.6610809564590454, - "start": 180, - "end": 183 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\n_**Weakening the Capacity of Protection Inter-Agency Coordination in the Region**_\n\nProtection coordination and advocacy capacities have also deteriorated due to the loss of critical funding. Cocoordination positions held by international or local NGOs are suspended or discontinued in **Cameroon** and\n**Nigeria** and information management capacities are severely diminished in **Cameroon, Nigeria, Chad** and\n**Niger** . Child protection, GBV, mine action and HLP AoR positions, both at national and sub-national levels, have\nalso been substantially impacted. The leadership, ownership and participation of national and local partner\norganizations in inter-agency coordination forums is also jeopardized.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS\n\n\n\u2756 **Safeguard dedicated protection programming:** Protection must be recognized and preserved as a\n\n[distinct and essential humanitarian sector. While protection programming, protection mainstreaming,](https://globalprotectioncluster.org/themes/protection_mainstreaming)\n[and the Centrality of Protection are complementary, conflating these approaches risks undermining the](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/sites/default/files/migrated/2020-11/The%20Centrality%20of%20Protection%20in%20Humanitarian%20Action%20%28English%29.pdf)\nprotection response. Dedicated protection programming can address the complex and urgent protection\nrisks faced by affected populations in West and Central Africa which hosts the highest numbers of people\naffected by protection risks.\n\n\u2756 **Prioritize and increase dedicated funding for protection programming:** Humanitarian actors and\n\ndonors must maintain, and where possible, increase, dedicated funding for specialized protection\ninterventions in West and Central Africa. This includes life-saving interventions such as the identification\nof persons at risk and/or survivors of protection incidents, case management, specialized GBV and child\nprotection services, legal assistance, mine action, and protection monitoring which cannot be replaced\nby protection mainstreaming alone. Securing long-term and reliable funding is essential to building\ninclusive, accountable, and effective protection programming and systems.\n\n\u2756 **Invest in community initiatives and community-based protection:** Protection funding should prioritize\n\nsupport to community-based protection initiatives in a manner which allows them to play a central role\nin preventing, mitigating and responding to protection risks and incidents. Overreliance on local actors\nand mechanisms only in times of crisis and when funding gaps happen, weakens the ability of affected\ncommunities to contribute to the preservation of their protection environment. Sustained technical and\nfinancial support to build capacity is critical for timely, effective and long-lasting protection gains.\n\n\u2756 **Ensure context-specific and locally anchored protection responses:** While standardized protection\n\nresponses may seem more cost-effective in times of crisis, they do not address the complex and diverse\nprotection needs across West and Central Africa. Protection programming must remain tailored to\nnational and local contexts and rooted in existing community structures, governance systems, and\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Regional Protection Working Group \u2013 West and Central Africa\n\n\ncapacities. Context-specific responses, guided by reliable protection monitoring mechanisms are\nessential to ensure appropriate programming and service delivery, and to strengthen advocacy efforts.\n\n\u2756 **Integrate protection as a priority and a critical enabler across humanitarian sectors:** Deprioritizing\n\nprotection based on the assumption that other sectors can achieve similar outcomes undermines the\noverall effectiveness and impact of humanitarian responses in increasingly protracted and complex\ncrises in West and Central Africa. In addition to stand-alone protection programming, sectoral\nprogramming must actively integrate protection into the design and implementation of interventions.\nThis requires moving beyond mainstreaming to ensure protection outcomes can be pursued across\ndifferent sectors to achieve safe, meaningful, and sustainable outcomes for affected populations.\nHumanitarian leadership also plays a critical role in placing protection at the centre of the response and\nin driving collective efforts to address the most severe protection risks.\n\n\u2756 **Strengthen collaboration between protection, humanitarian, and development actors:** In West and\n\nCentral Africa, where protracted crises persist alongside emergency situations, the dialogue between\nprotection actors and humanitarian and development partners needs to take place more strategically.\nSupporting local communities and actors is essential to assist countries facing simultaneous\ndevelopment and crisis challenges. Development actors and donors must recognize that, on the one\nhand, protection crises often lie at the bedrock of unresolved structural development challenges; on the\nother hand, today\u2019s protection issues are tomorrow\u2019s development challenges\u2014highlighting the need for\ncoordinated approaches that bridge humanitarian and development efforts.\n\n\n_This note is issued by the Regional Protection Working Group (RPWG) for West and Central Africa, in collaboration with the_\n_Global Protection Cluster (GPC), and with the contributions of protection partners and Clusters in the region._\n\n\n_Front image_ **: Diffa, Niger | Apr 2023 \u00a9 UNHCR/Colin Delfosse**\nIn Sayam Forage camp, displaced women earn income through soap-making with support from a local NGO.\n\nThe Diffa region hosts over 265,500 displaced persons \u2013 more than 80% living in spontaneous settlements.\n\n\n_Back image_ : **Borno State, Nigeria | Oct 2024 \u00a9 UNHCR/Colin Delfosse**\nResidents of El-Miskin camp in Maiduguri carry on with daily life after severe flooding displaced thousands following the Alau Dam collapse in September 2024.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2e555018-6b29-51f2-b29e-ae7046cc3177/wca_rpwg-_sustaining_protection_under_pressure-_impact_of_funding_cuts_on_protection_june_2025.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_955/raw/doc_955_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_955/raw/doc_955_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 72974158db94f276fc6931d5018b1707b275445e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_955/raw/doc_955_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Food Security Overview and Impacts of Food Assistance Cuts on the Central African**\n\n**Refugee Population in Eastern Cameroon**\n\n\n**Background:**\n\n\n - For the past couple of years, WFP food assistance has been vital in promoting and sustaining\nfood and nutrition security of the Central African (CAR) refugee population, who arrived in\nCameroon in early 2014 in extremely critical malnutrition and health conditions. To date there\nare some 260,000 CAR refugees in the East, Adamawa and North regions. Some 70% are\nsettled amongst the communities whilst 30% have settled in one of the seven established\nrefugee sites.\n\n - WFP, in partnership with UNHCR, introduced cash in 2016 as a means to provide access to\nfood for a selected group of refugees in the Gado refugee site. This month, WFP plans to expand\ncash assistance (replacing the in-kind ration) to three other refugee sites in the East region\n(Lolo, Timangolo and Ngarissingo). In addition to food assistance, WFP provides preventive\nnutrition support to children 6-23 months amongst the refugee and host population.\n\n - Efforts to continue sustained food assistance have been jeopardized by severe lack of funding,\nwhich has forced WFP to drastically reduce food support to 156,000 CAR refugees by 50\npercent since October 2016, which provides far below the minimum daily 2,100 kilocalories.\n\n - Since July 2016, WFP and UNHCR have been regularly informing partners about the incoming\nshortfall and the need for urgent additional resources. A joint press conference was held by\nWFP and UNHCR in November 2016, appealing for 2.4 million dollars to respond to the food\nassistance needs of CAR refugees by end of December 2016.\n\n - The cuts in assistance will continue until new contributions are received to enable WFP to\nreplenish its stocks and restore the full rations.\" For food and cash-based assistance, WFP has\na funding shortfall of US$8 million to cover the upcoming six months of 2017.\n\n - The humanitarian community and the Government of Cameroon remain deeply concerned\nabout the negative impact of the food assistance cuts, which has put the affected population,\nespecially women and children, in a highly vulnerable situation, increasing their exposure to\nfood insecurity and malnutrition and resulting in immediate detrimental effects on school\nattendance and increasing the protection risks, especially of women and girls.\n\n\n**Overall food security situation:**\n\n\n - Over 1 million people in the East, Adamawa and North regions are estimated to be food\ninsecure with an overall food insecurity increase from 19 percent in 2015 to 25 percent\nregistered in 2016. Particularly in the Adamawa region, the food insecurity change over the\nlast year portrays an alarming increase, from 19 percent in 2015 to 39 percent.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d6672e72-1a45-346c-b79e-7a207da2ee8a/wfp-unhcr20advocacy20note-20donor20meeting201420feb202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": " - In August 2016, prior to the food ration reductions, a WFP-UNHCR Joint Assessment Mission\n(JAM) indicated a trend of improved food security for the majority of CAR refugees, after two\nyears of humanitarian response for those that had arrived in Eastern Cameroon at the height\nof the emergency. These results risk being compromised in the face of ration cuts, particularly\nfor the segments of the refugee population which remain vulnerable and at-risk of food\ninsecurity.\nMore than 70 percent of the recent waves of CAR refugees remain dependent on WFP to\nmeet their food and nutrition needs with little or no means to cover their basic food needs.\n(IFORD / UNHCR; baseline assessment study on the livelihood of refugees using the\nHousehold Economic Approach (HEA)).\n\n - It is important to note that not some refugees that arrived during the course of 2016, following\nrecent spikes in violence in CAR, could not be supported due to the lack of resources.\n\n\n**Reasons for food assistance cuts:**\n\n\n - The funding environment is becoming more strained due to the protracted nature of the CAR\nrefugee crisis and shifting priorities in donor funding, which has been reflected in the steady\ndecline in the amount of resources WFP has received for its programmes: in 2016, WFP\nexperienced a 25 percent drop in funding support compared to 2015. As food stocks started to\nrun low in October 2016, reducing the size of the monthly ration was the only way to stretch\nlimited supplies, ensuring that assistance continued without a complete disruption.\n\n - WFP has a budget of US$ 35 million required to meet the food and nutrition needs of the CAR\nrefugees in 2017, of which only 55 percent has been resourced so far.\n\n\n**Consequences of underfunding and food ration cuts**\n\n\n - Reducing the monthly food ration by half means that the refugees only receive an intake of\n1,048 kilocalories per person/day. In addition, fortified and blended foods, intended to boost\nthe nutritional value of the food ration, have not been included in the monthly food basket as\nplanned. Cash based assistance will continue up to June also with a 50 percent cut. The\nrefugees in Gado who were initially receiving about $15 (XAF 8,000) a month now survive on\n$7.5 (XAF 4,000) and resources for the cash programmes are expected to run out completely\nin June.\n\n - The reduced food assistance expose the affected populations to increased food insecurity and\nmalnutrition, and risk compromising the gains already made in stabilizing their food\nconsumption and nutrition status.\n\n - Already in late November 2016, WFP preliminary monitoring results recorded an increase in\nthe number of households with poor food consumption after two consecutive months of\nreduced assistance. Upcoming surveys are expected to further confirm this pattern.\n\n - Cuts in assistance also put the affected population, especially women and children, in a highly\nvulnerable situation, increasing the likelihood of turning to harmful coping mechanisms and\nsevere measures to adopt to the situation, which could have irreversible impacts on short-and\nlonger-term health and well-being. According to the IFORD/UNHCR livelihood baseline study\ncarried out in December 2016, more frequently used coping strategies include: begging and\nborrowing, leading to accumulation of debts; forced migration in search of jobs; sale of\nproductive assets; and families withdrawing their children from school.\n\n - Authorities in refugee hosting areas could lose confidence in UN agencies and they may take\nrigid decisions in other to restrict the mobility of the refugees in order to prevent security\nincidents involving host communities.\n\n - In a context of limited access to land, basic social services, employment and other income\ngenerating activities, the lack of food in the refugee communities is likely to increase the strain\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d6672e72-1a45-346c-b79e-7a207da2ee8a/wfp-unhcr20advocacy20note-20donor20meeting201420feb202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "on host communities as they turn to their hosts for support. It is also likely to increase tensions\nbetween the refugee and host community, with risk of exacerbating conflict the already fragile\nlocalities in eastern Cameroon.\n\n - Relations between refugee communities and local populations in the East and Adamaoua have\nbeen strained in the recent past due to acts of banditry attributed to the refugees. There is\nreason to fear that some refugees could resort to criminal activities to fend for their families in\nthe absence of food rations or cash assistance. Additional efforts and resources need to be\ndeployed to avoid this scenario.\n\n**Activities being undertaken:**\n\n\n - WFP and UNHCR are conducting a vulnerability-based targeting exercise to ensure that the\nlimited resources are directed towards the most vulnerable refugees. The ongoing household\u2019s\nvulnerability study, using the Household Economic Approach, will provide the basis for the\ndesign of further programmes with targeting based on vulnerability as opposed to status and\nto better adapt assistance to socioeconomic status and the needs of the refugees.\n\n - For more long term solutions, UNHCR is developing a multi-year self-reliance and livelihood\nstrategy (2017 \u2013 2020) that will provide a framework to transition dependency situation to\ndurable solutions, with a view of strengthening the humanitarian- development nexus. The\nstrategy will consist of four priority areas that include: to provide support to basic social\nservices on the ground; to increase the self-reliance of refugees; to strengthen the role of\nauthorities; to target humanitarian assistance to people with specific needs. The engagement\nof international and national development actors as well as line ministries at capital and local\nlevel will be required for its implementation.\n\n\n**Key messages going forward:**\n\n\n - With the successful elections held in CAR in 2015, it was expected that the situation in the\ncountry will begin to see a turnaround in 2016, paving the way for refugees to envisage\nreturning home. However, the security situation in CAR still leaves much to be desired, not\nthe least because of the quasi absence of law enforcement and administrative structures and\ninstitutions beyond the capital city of Bangui.\n\n - It is important to take into account the second return intentions survey carried out in\nDecember 2016, which revealed that 73% of CAR refugees do not intend to go home, mainly\ndue to security concerns. Among those refugees wishing to go home, 29% would like to\nexercise that right in 2017 but the majority of them would like to do that after 2017.\n\n - WFP and UNHCR therefore appeal for urgent support from donors to restore food assistance\nto normal levels and ensure that previous investments in nutrition, food security and other\nvital sectors are maintained until more longer term solutions are identified and\nimplemented.\n\n - WFP needs an additional US$ 16 million to cover assistance for the year, of which US$8 is\nurgently needed to fill the most critical gaps up to July and avoid a complete break in\nassistance.\n\n\n**WFP Resourcing Needs**\n\n|2017
Requirements|Total Resourced|Total
shortfall|%|Six months
shortfalls|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|$35 million|$19 million|$16 million|45|$8 million|\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "return intentions survey", - "confidence": 0.9077605605125427, - "start": 401, - "end": 404 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.8598620891571045, - "start": 403, - "end": 404 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "CAR", - "confidence": 0.9640191197395325, - "start": 322, - "end": 323 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2016", - "confidence": 0.6703304052352905, - "start": 342, - "end": 343 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "refugees", - "confidence": 0.5323691368103027, - "start": 348, - "end": 349 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d6672e72-1a45-346c-b79e-7a207da2ee8a/wfp-unhcr20advocacy20note-20donor20meeting201420feb202017.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_956/raw/doc_956_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_956/raw/doc_956_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 1dd4a29503f33a46f75e778f05270fc99a1c5c15..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_956/raw/doc_956_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **EVALUATION DE L\u2019ASSISTANCE HUMANITAIRE** **ET DE LA** **SITUATION DES REFUGIES CENTRAFRICAINS VIVANT** **AU CAMEROUN**\n\nR\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif - Juillet 2013\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Cliquer ici pour voir la carte des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains au Cameroun\n\n\n\n| R\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif\n\n# CONTEXTE\n\n\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains sont pr\u00e9sents dans les r\u00e9gions de l\u2019Est et de l\u2019Adamaoua du Cameroun depuis\n2005. Avant la crise de 2012, selon le HCR, ils \u00e9taient\nau nombre de 87 000.\nAvec la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation s\u00e9curitaire suite\naux troubles socio-politiques de 2012 et l\u2019occupation\nde Bangui par la SELEKA en mars 2013, plus de 1 000\nnouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont arriv\u00e9s dans les m\u00eames r\u00e9gions\nayant accueilli les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains au\nCameroun.\nEntre janvier et juin 2013 le HCR a enregistr\u00e9 1 175\nnouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nDepuis l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des premiers r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le gouvernement\ncamerounais, ses partenaires du Syst\u00e8me des Nations\nUnies (PAM, HCR, UNICEF, UNFPA..) en collaboration\navec des ONG Internationales et Nationales leur apportent une assistance humanitaire.\nCette mission d\u2019\u00e9valuation a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite du 4 au 12\njuin 2013 par le PAM, le HCR et le gouvernement du\nCameroun.\n\n\nL\u2019objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de cette mission est d\u2019\u00e9valuer le niveau\nde vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et d\u2019autonomie des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains et des populations h\u00f4tes \u00e0 l\u2019Est et dans l\u2019Adamaoua ainsi que les strat\u00e9gies que ces populations mettent\nen oeuvre pour assurer leur autosuffisance alimentaire.\n\n\nCette mission s\u2019est bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es secondaires\ncompl\u00e9t\u00e9es par une collecte de donn\u00e9es primaires\naupr\u00e8s de la population h\u00f4te et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dont les\nnouveaux sont majoritairement abrit\u00e9s au site de Nandoungue : 156 m\u00e9nages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enqu\u00eat\u00e9s dans 13 villages de l\u2019Adamaoua et de l\u2019Est, soient 53 m\u00e9nages\nd\u2019anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 51 m\u00e9nages de nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\net 52 m\u00e9nages de la population h\u00f4te. Au niveau de chaque groupe d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat, 6 groupes de discussion ont \u00e9t\u00e9\norganis\u00e9s avec les hommes, les femmes et les jeunes.\n\n\n\nEvaluation de l\u2019assistance humanitaire de la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains vivant au Cameroun - juillet 2013 Page 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## 39 % des nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont un score de consommation acceptable **Malnutrition : situation nutritionnelle alarmante chez** **les enfants de moins de 5 ans du groupe des anciens** **r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\n\nLes diff\u00e9rentes enqu\u00eates nutritionnelles (SMART et MICS)\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9es entre 2008 et 2012 montrent des pr\u00e9valences\nde la malnutrition aig\u00fce globale stables et faibles chez\nles populations locales et tr\u00e8s alarmantes chez les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nEn effet, les r\u00e9sultats des enqu\u00eates SMART de 2008 et\n2011 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es chez les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont montr\u00e9 des\ntaux de malnutrition aig\u00fce globale qui sont pass\u00e9s de\n7,2 \u00e0 15,8 % d\u00e9passant le seuil critique de l\u2019OMS qui\nest de 15 %. Les diff\u00e9rentes enqu\u00eates EDS-MICS (2011)\net SMART (2012) r\u00e9alis\u00e9es chez les populations h\u00f4tes\nont montr\u00e9 des taux de MAG tr\u00e8s faibles entre 2,9 % et\n6,4 % chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans.\n\n\n\n| R\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif\n\n# PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONS\n\n## **Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire : les nou-** **veaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s plus touch\u00e9s par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimen-** **taire s\u00e9v\u00e8re**\n\n\nPour tous les groupes enqu\u00eat\u00e9s, la majorit\u00e9 des aliments consomm\u00e9s provient du march\u00e9 (77%).\nLes autres sources de provenance des aliments varient ensuite d\u2019un groupe \u00e0 l\u2019autre :\n\n- Pour les nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, l\u2019assistance alimentaire\nconstitue la deuxi\u00e8me source d\u2019aliment (10 %)\n\n- La production agricole constitue la deuxi\u00e8me\nsource d\u2019aliment pour les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (14 %)\nsuivie par l\u2019assistance alimentaire (3 %);\n\n- Chez la population locale, l\u2019autoproduction est la\nseconde source (19 %).\nEn ce qui concerne les d\u00e9penses alimentaires, elles\nsont plus importantes pour les nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\n(31% des m\u00e9nages) qui profitent moins de la production que les autres groupes car ayant moins d\u2019acc\u00e8s\n\u00e0 la terre.\n\n\nAu niveau de la consommation, plus de 90 % des\nm\u00e9nages d\u2019anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la population locale ont un score de consommation alimentaire\n(SCA) acceptable. Cependant, seulement 39 % des\nnouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont un SCA acceptable. Cela est\nd\u00fb \u00e0 une alimentation peu \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e compos\u00e9e\nessentiellement de tubercules, de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et de\nl\u00e9gumes feuilles.\n\n\nMalgr\u00e9 une consommation alimentaire acceptable\npour les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et la population h\u00f4te, trois\nquarts des m\u00e9nages enqu\u00eat\u00e9s sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dont 57 % en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire l\u00e9g\u00e8re,\n16% en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mod\u00e9r\u00e9e et 3 % en\nins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Les cas d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re les plus importants sont observ\u00e9s\nchez les nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (8 %) qui combinent une\nmauvaise consommation alimentaire \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies\nde survie d\u2019urgence comme la mendicit\u00e9 pour se\nnourrir, la r\u00e9duction du nombre de repas et la consommation d\u2019aliments moins pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s.\n\n\n\nEvaluation de l\u2019assistance humanitaire de la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains vivant au Cameroun - juillet 2013 Page 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Pourquoi ces groupes sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ?**\n\n\n- Forte d\u00e9pendance au march\u00e9\nLe march\u00e9 constitue la principale source de nourriture pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en particulier pour les nouveaux.\n49 % d\u2019entre eux affectent au minimum 65 % de leurs\nd\u00e9penses \u00e0 l\u2019achat de nourriture.\n\n\n- Sources de revenu pr\u00e9caires\nLes principales sources de revenu principales pour les\nanciens et nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s tournent autour de la vente du bois, de la main d\u2019oeuvre agricole et du petit\ncommerce. Plus de la moiti\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9\nalimentaire d\u00e9pendent fortement de ces sources de revenus pr\u00e9caires et saisonni\u00e8res.\n\n\n- Faible acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre\nLes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont un acc\u00e8s tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre pour\npouvoir cultiver : 86 % des nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et 24,5\n% des anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas cultiv\u00e9 durant la\nsaison agricole en cours. Cette situation les rend fortement d\u00e9pendants du march\u00e9 et de l\u2019assistance pour\nse nourrir. 38 % des m\u00e9nages qui n\u2019ont pas pu cultiver sont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re ou mod\u00e9r\u00e9e\nalors que seulement 6 % de ceux qui ont pu cultiver\nsont en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.Il est \u00e9galement \u00e0 noter\n, l\u2019insuffisance des semences de qualit\u00e9 et les outils et\ntechniques agraires encore rudimentaires\n\n\n**Le retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains est envisag\u00e9 dans**\n**le meilleur des cas, apr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode de transition**\n**qui devrait durer dix-huit mois en RCA**\n\n\n\n| R\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif\n\n# PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONS\n\n\n**Protection et dynamiques sociales : \u00e0 part quelques incidents**\n**mineurs, cohabitation globalement bonne entre r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et au-**\n**tochtones**\n\n\nAvec l\u2019afflux des nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandeurs\nd\u2019asile sollicitant l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une carte de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont fortement augment\u00e9. Les anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nquant \u00e0 eux, attendent le renouvellement de cette\npi\u00e8ce d\u2019identification. Globalement, il y a une bonne\ncohabitation entre les populations h\u00f4tes et r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es.\nToutefois, des antagonismes peuvent parfois survenir\nentre les deux communaut\u00e9s, principalement pour le\ncontr\u00f4le des infrastructures de base ou en cas de diff\u00e9rends agropastoraux lorsque le b\u00e9tail appartenant\naux \u00e9leveurs d\u00e9truit les champs des agriculteurs.\n\n\nLe retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains est envisag\u00e9 dans\nle meilleur des cas, apr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode de transition qui\ndevrait durer dix-huit mois en RCA. Sur le plan s\u00e9curitaire, des attaques sporadiques de coupeurs de\nroutes et des violences physiques dans les champs ont\n\u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es \u00e0 Mborguene dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Est et\n\u00e0 Ngaoui, Batoua-Godole et Djohong dans celle de\nl\u2019Adamaoua.\n\n\n**Infrastructures sociocommunautaires : faible appropriation de la**\n**part des populations locales et refugi\u00e9es**\n\n\nL\u2019\u00e9tat de d\u00e9labrement ou d\u2019abandon de certaines infrastructures sociocommunautaires install\u00e9es apparait\ncomme un manque d\u2019appropriation par les communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. Cette situation remet en question\nleur implication dans l\u2019identification des besoins, le\nrenforcement de leurs capacit\u00e9s pour la maintenance\ndes installations et la dynamisation des comit\u00e9s de gestion desdites infrastructures.\n\n\n\nEvaluation de l\u2019assistance humanitaire de la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains vivant au Cameroun - juillet 2013 Page 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "| R\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif\n\n# RECOMMANDATIONS\n\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats de cette enqu\u00eate et l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es secondaires ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il y a un besoin de continuer\nl\u2019assistance alimentaire et non alimentaire en faveur des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des populations locales pendant une p\u00e9riode\nd\u2019au moins 6 mois.\n\n\n\n**Assistance alimentaire**\n\n\n- Population locale :\nElargir l\u2019assistance alimentaire au sein de ce groupe\n\u00e0 travers des activit\u00e9s de types Vivres pour la cr\u00e9ation\nd\u2019actifs (Food-For-Assets - FFA) et VCF (Vivre Contre\nFormation). (PAM/MINADER). Ces activit\u00e9s cibleront\nprincipalement les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n- Anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s :\nDistribution Gratuite cibl\u00e9e : Affiner le ciblage des\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires afin que l\u2019assistance alimentaire arrive\nsp\u00e9cifiquement aux plus vuln\u00e9rables (HCR/PAM). En\neffet, selon l\u2019enqu\u00eate de terrain il existe des m\u00e9nages\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables qui ne sont pas touch\u00e9s par l\u2019assistance alimentaire.\nCr\u00e9ation d\u2019actif : \u00e9largir ce type d\u2019assistance en faveur\ndes anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 travers la mise en oeuvre de\nFFA et de VCF afin de renforcer l\u2019autonomie et l\u2019autosuffisance de ces groupes (PAM/MINADER). Certains anciens r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont pu conserver certains actifs\n(b\u00e9tail) et acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des terres pour cultiver.\n\n\n- Nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s:\nLa situation actuelle des nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s n\u00e9cessite\nune assistance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 travers une Distribution\nGratuite de Vivres pour une p\u00e9riode initiale de 6 mois\n(HCR/PAM).\n\n\n\n**Assistance nutritionnelle**\n\n- Continuer \u00e0 apporter une assistance nutritionnelle\nen faveur des enfants, des femmes enceintes et allaitantes et des personnes vivant avec le VIH. Le volet pr\u00e9vention sera pris en compte \u00e0 travers le conseil pour les actions essentielles en nutrition (AEN)\nen faveur d\u2019une bonne alimentation. (UNICEF/\nPAM).\n\n\n**Assistance non alimentaire**\n\n- Stimuler la p\u00e9rennisation des initiatives communautaires en cr\u00e9ant ou en consolidant des fili\u00e8res\nde production communautaires relatives \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture (culture du soja, mara\u00eechage), l\u2019\u00e9levage, la\npisciculture, l\u2019aviculture (FAO/PAM/MINEPAT)\n\n- Renforcer la cohabitation sociale \u00e0 travers un\nplaidoyer aupr\u00e8s des diff\u00e9rents groupes (MINEPAT)\nafin d\u2019assurer un partage \u00e9quitable et durable des\ninfrastructures et de r\u00e9soudre les conflits agropastoraux et domaniaux.\n\n\n**Protection**\n\n- Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019identification des nouveaux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, renouveler les documents de protection expir\u00e9s et renforcer la surveillance au niveau\ndes fronti\u00e8res et le contr\u00f4le des identit\u00e9s (HCR/MINADT). Ceci permettra aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e9der plus\nfacilement \u00e0 l\u2019assistance.\n\n\n**Evaluation**\n\n- Une \u00e9valuation des appuis ant\u00e9rieurs en activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus est n\u00e9cessaire afin de\nd\u00e9terminer leur efficacit\u00e9 et leur durabilit\u00e9 (HCR/\nFAO/PAM)\n\n- Une \u00e9valuation de la situation nutritionnelle des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (anciens et nouveaux) devra \u00eatre faite d\u00e8s\nque possible afin de mettre \u00e0 jour les donn\u00e9es nutritionnelles et de r\u00e9ajuster au besoin l\u2019assistance\n\n- Apr\u00e8s 6 mois d\u2019assistance, fin du premier trimestre\n2014, une mise \u00e0 jour de la situation alimentaire\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00e0 travers une mise \u00e0 jour de la JAM,\ndevra \u00eatre faite pour une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation des besoins\n\n\n\nEvaluation de l\u2019assistance humanitaire de la situation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains vivant au Cameroun - juillet 2013 Page 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Programme alimentaire mondial des Nations Unies (PAM)\n\n\nSi\u00e8ge social : Via C.G. Viola 68, Parco de Medici, 00148, Rome, Italie\n\n\nToutes les informations sur le service de l\u2019Analyse de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Alimentaire (VAM) et les rapports en\nformat \u00e9lectronique sur http://www.wfp.org/food-security ou wfp.vaminfo@wfp.org\n\n\nPour plus d\u2019informations, contacter :\n\n\nJacques ROY, Repr\u00e9sentant et Directeur PAM Cameroun\n[jacques.roy@wfp.org](mailto:jacques.roy%40wfp.org?subject=Enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20les%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20centrafricains%20-%20JAM%202013)\n\n\nNdeye NDOUR, Repr\u00e9sentante du HCR Cameroun\nndour@unhcr.org\nENOKA BAGNEM Jo\u00ebl, Programme Assistant, Point focal JAM HCR\nbagnem@unhcr.org\n\n\nMINEPAT\nNAMA Philom\u00e8ne, Chef Service des projets et de la Coop\u00e9ration avec les Organismes de d\u00e9veloppement au MINEPAT, D\u00e9l\u00e9gation r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Est.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/bfc664bf-dbd5-3421-97aa-f7ce3ba0d74a/wfp266748.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_957/raw/doc_957_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_957/raw/doc_957_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 2850d486aafb00de13bcbedf1bc66a1a707986d2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_957/raw/doc_957_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**Bulletin**\n\n#### **D\u00e9marrage du projet pilote mVAM dans le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d'Abala**\n\n\n_**Bulletin mVAM Niger, num\u00e9ro 1, Janvier 2015**_\n\n\n_**Appui technique financ\u00e9 par**_\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c40f195-b83d-3cfa-88a8-3238f5c4d68b/wfp272177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **mVAM : Utiliser la technologie mobile pour collecter des informations** **fiables sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire des m\u00e9nages**\n\nL\u2019\u00e9chantillon est compos\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s poss\u00e9dant un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable et qui se sont port\u00e9s\nvolontaires pour participer \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Les appels seront effectu\u00e9s apr\u00e8s chaque distribution alimentaire. Les\ninformations r\u00e9trospectives (sept derniers jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019enqu\u00eate) sont collect\u00e9es sur la consommation\nalimentaire, les principales sources de nourriture et les strat\u00e9gies de survie. Avant le d\u00e9marrage du projet,\nplusieurs consultations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9es pour sensibiliser les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En novembre 2014, une mission du PAM\n(Bureau r\u00e9gional et Si\u00e8ge) a apport\u00e9 un appui technique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Niger dans le cadre de la finalisation\nde la strat\u00e9gie et du plan op\u00e9rationnel.\n#### **_Quelques indicateurs de performance_**\n\n\n_**Les indicateurs de performance du projet (taux de participation, dur\u00e9e et co\u00fbt des appels) sont globalement**_\n_**satisfaisants**_ . La dur\u00e9e moyenne des appels est de **9 minutes** et le co\u00fbt moyen par appel est **inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 10 dollars** .\nSur les 300 m\u00e9nages attendus, **289** se sont port\u00e9s volontaires pour participer \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Parmi ces derniers, **214**\nont effectivement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate, soit un taux de participation de **74%** ( _**pour cet indicateur, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence**_\n_**est de 50 \u00e0 70%**_ ) **.** Pr\u00e8s de 80% des m\u00e9nages qui n\u2019ont pas particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate \u00e9taient injoignables entre le 12\net le 18 janvier 2015. Les num\u00e9ros erron\u00e9s ou des r\u00e9pondants ayant d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019ils n\u2019\u00e9taient pas install\u00e9s sur le\ncamp d\u2019Abala sont autant de raisons qui expliquent ce taux de r\u00e9ponse inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 100% pour le premier round.\n\nDes actions sont en cours pour corriger les num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones erron\u00e9s et pour mieux documenter le taux de\nparticipation aux enqu\u00eates mVAM. Les r\u00e9sultats du PDM de d\u00e9cembre 2014, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon de\n254 m\u00e9nages, indiquent que pr\u00e8s de **24%** des m\u00e9nages interview\u00e9s sur le camp Abala ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019au moins\nun membre de leur m\u00e9nage (principalement le chef de m\u00e9nage) a eu \u00e0 se rendre au Mali r\u00e9cemment. Le taux\nde mobilit\u00e9 en dehors des p\u00e9riodes de distribution pourrait donc justifier le fait que certains m\u00e9nages soient\ninjoignables au moment de l\u2019enqu\u00eate.\n#### **_Les premiers r\u00e9sultats indiquent que le mVAM permet de collecter des_** **_informations fiables sur la consommation alimentaire\u2026_**\n\n\n\nLes r\u00e9sultats indiquent que seulement 4% des m\u00e9nages ont\nune consommation alimentaire pauvre (3% pour le PDM),\n24% ont une consommation alimentaire limite et 72% ont une\nconsommation acceptable. Selon les donn\u00e9es du PDM\n(d\u00e9cembre 2014) et du mVAM (janvier 2015), plus de 80%\ndes m\u00e9nages ont une consommation alimentaire limite ou\nacceptable (97% pour le PDM et 96% pour le mVAM).\n\nVu sous cet angle, les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es via t\u00e9l\u00e9phone\nportable (mVAM de janvier 2015) sont proches de celles\ncollect\u00e9es lors des enqu\u00eates face-to-face (PDM de\nd\u00e9cembre 2014), _**ce qui revient donc \u00e0 conclure que le**_\n_**mVAM peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour collecter des informations**_\n_**fiables sur le score de consommation alimentaire**_ .\n#### **_\u2026la diversit\u00e9 alimentaire\u2026_**\n\nIl s\u2019agit d\u2019un indicateur qui permet d\u2019appr\u00e9cier la diversit\u00e9\ndu r\u00e9gime alimentaire des m\u00e9nages. Les r\u00e9sultats indiquent\nque 6% des m\u00e9nages ont une diversit\u00e9 alimentaire faible (8%\nselon le PDM de d\u00e9cembre 2014), 50% ont une diversit\u00e9\nalimentaire moyenne et 44% ont une diversit\u00e9 alimentaire\nforte. Selon les donn\u00e9es du PDM et du mVAM, plus de 80%\ndes m\u00e9nages ont une diversit\u00e9 alimentaire moyenne ou forte\n(92% pour le PDM et 94% pour le mVAM).\n\n_**Ces r\u00e9sultats montrent \u00e9galement que le mVAM est**_\n_**appropri\u00e9 pour collecter des donn\u00e9es fiables sur la diversit\u00e9**_\n_**alimentaire des m\u00e9nages**_ .\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c40f195-b83d-3cfa-88a8-3238f5c4d68b/wfp272177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **_\u2026et sur les sources de nourriture des m\u00e9nages_**\n\nLa comparaison des donn\u00e9es sur la fr\u00e9quence de consommation hebdomadaire et les sources de nourriture\nmet en exergue une certaine similitude entre les informations issues du PDM et celles du mVAM. L\u2019assistance\nalimentaire et l\u2019achat au march\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentent en effet les deux principales sources de nourriture des m\u00e9nages.\nQuant aux autres sources (propre production, emprunt, dons et paiement en nature), elles sont n\u00e9gligeables.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Fr\u00e9quence de consommation hebdomadaire (nombre de jours)|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Groupes d\u2019aliments**|**PDM**
**(d\u00e9c. 2014)**|**mVAM**
**(janv. 2015)**|\n|Prot\u00e9ines animales|2,2|1,8|\n|Lait et produits laitiers|1,8|2,2|\n|L\u00e9gumineuses|5,1|4,7|\n|C\u00e9r\u00e9ales et tubercules|6,8|7,0|\n|L\u00e9gumes et feuilles vertes|5,8|5,7|\n|Fruits|0,3|0,4|\n|Huile|6,5|5,9|\n|Sucre|5,2|6,0|\n\n#### **_Indice des strat\u00e9gies de survie_**\n\nIl s\u2019agit d\u2019un indicateur qui permet de mesurer la\ns\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s auxquels les m\u00e9nages sont\nconfront\u00e9s pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la nourriture. Pendant\nles enqu\u00eates PDM, une question \u00ab filtre \u00bb est d\u2019abord\npos\u00e9e pour s\u2019assurer que le m\u00e9nage a \u00e9t\u00e9\nconfront\u00e9 \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s alimentaires, avant de\nposer les questions sur les strat\u00e9gies.\n\nPendant le premier round du mVAM, la question\n\u00ab filtre \u00bb n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e, ce qui pourrait expliquer\nles diff\u00e9rences assez importantes entre les donn\u00e9es\ndu PDM et celles du mVAM. Compte tenu de cette\ndiff\u00e9rence d\u2019approche, les deux types de donn\u00e9es\nne sont pas pour le moment comparables.\n### **Perspectives**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Strat\u00e9gies de survie durant les 7 derniers jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019enqu\u00eate|Col2|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Strat\u00e9gies**|**M\u00e9nages ayant eu recours aux**
**strat\u00e9gies (%)**|**M\u00e9nages ayant eu recours aux**
**strat\u00e9gies (%)**|\n|**Strat\u00e9gies**|**PDM**
**(d\u00e9c. 2014)**|**mVAM**
**(janv. 2015)**|\n|Consommer des aliments moins
pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s et moins chers|10%|92%|\n|Emprunter la nourriture ou d\u00e9pendre
de l\u2019aide des amis ou autres membres
de la famille|13%|64%|\n|Diminuer la quantit\u00e9 de la
nourriture consomm\u00e9e pendant les
repas|8%|72%|\n|Limiter la consommation des adultes au
profit des enfants|7%|39%|\n|Diminuer le nombre des repas|9%|80%|\n|**Indice r\u00e9duit des strat\u00e9gies de**
**survie (moyenne)**|**2,1**|**18,7**|\n\n\n\nLe d\u00e9marrage du projet pilote mVAM dans le camp d'Abala s\u2019est effectu\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s. Le premier round a permis\nde valider le mVAM comme une approche permettant de collecter des donn\u00e9es fiables sur les indicateurs relatifs\n\u00e0 la consommation alimentaire et sur les principales sources de nourriture. Le prochain round permettra de tirer des\nconclusions sur les strat\u00e9gies de survie.\n\nDans le contexte actuel du Niger, le mVAM pourrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9 comme une solution alternative \u00e0 explorer pour\ncollecter des donn\u00e9es fiables sur le suivi de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, notamment dans certaines localit\u00e9s de la r\u00e9gion\nde Diffa, o\u00f9 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ne permet pas de conduire des \u00e9valuations classiques. Des r\u00e9flexions sont donc en cours\npour op\u00e9rationnaliser l\u2019approche mVAM comme m\u00e9thode alternative de collecte des donn\u00e9es dans les zones\ninaccessibles, mais o\u00f9 le besoin en information est de plus en plus crucial et urgent.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/1c40f195-b83d-3cfa-88a8-3238f5c4d68b/wfp272177.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_958/raw/doc_958_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_958/raw/doc_958_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 486bb737118ac4590d644738edc89f74cfbfc390..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_958/raw/doc_958_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1546 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **+**\n\n\n### **Collecting\ufffdData\ufffdon\ufffdPersons\ufffd** **with\ufffdDisabilities\ufffdin\ufffd** **Humanitarian\ufffdContexts\ufffd\ufffd**\n\n**11-12\ufffdDecember\ufffd2017\ufffd**\n**Labouisse\ufffdHall,\ufffdUNICEF\ufffd**\n**3\ufffdUnited\ufffdNations\ufffdPlaza,\ufffdNew\ufffdYork** \ufffd\ufffd\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Collecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts**\n\nA **technical workshop** considering issues related to collecting data on persons with disabilities in\nhumanitarian contexts [was organized jointly by UNICEF,](https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/) [Handicap International](http://www.handicap-international.org/) [1] [, the International](http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/)\n[Disability Alliance, the](http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/) [Washington Group on Disability Statistics and UNHCR](http://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/) was held in **New York on**\n**11-12 December 2017** . It brought over forty specialists in humanitarian action together with statisticians\nwith expertise in collecting data on persons with disability, representatives from organizations of persons\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwith disabilities (or DPOs) and United Nations agencies.\n\n\nThis was the first meeting of its kind that sought to build bridges between the\ndifferent communities who share a common interest to improve\nhumanitarian action for persons with disabilities, but who bring very different\nskill sets and perspectives into the conversation. Figure 1 illustrates the steps\nin the two-day meeting that this report will follow.\n\n\nThe meeting began, first, by creating a common foundation with the\ndissemination of a background paper describing the broad diversity of\nhumanitarian contexts and entry points for data on persons with disabilities\nprior to the meeting. Beginning presentations were reminders of the why\ncollecting data on persons with disabilities is so important, that a significant\n(and growing) political commitment to disability statistics exists globally\nthrough such mechanisms as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with\nDisabilities (CRPD) (United Nations, 2006) and as supported by processes\nsuch as the Sustainable Development Goals. Significant political buy-in exists,\nbut the international community now needs to determine how to move\nforward together. Data collection in humanitarian contexts was discussed, as\nwell as the progress being made by the Washington Group on Disability\nStatistics.\n\n\nSecond, the group heard about experiences from the field where disability\nstatistics have been used in different humanitarian contexts.\n\n\n\nThe third session considered four different humanitarian action scenarios\nfrom the perspective of disability data, and small groups attempted to unpack where and how these data\ncould be used, and their importance for improved programming in those settings, as well as the\nanticipated barriers.\n\n\nFourth, the group looked at the use of disability data along the timeline of an emergency, diving in for a\n[deeper look at where disability data fits into particular points along the humanitarian program cycle as](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/programme-cycle)\n\n\n[1 Handicap International was renamed \u201cHumanity and Inclusion\u201d on January 24, 2018. (www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk](http://www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/) **)**\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability\nStatistics", - "confidence": 0.9364649653434753, - "start": 337, - "end": 339 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Washington Group", - "confidence": 0.5478999018669128, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8982803225517273, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collecting Data on Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.5250505805015564, - "start": 475, - "end": 481 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9658616781234741, - "start": 478, - "end": 481 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "well as in different contexts to propose possible entry points for disability disaggregated data, and how it\ncould be used to improve programming and promote inclusion.\n\n\nFinally, in step five the meeting concluded with a discussion of priority recommendations and possible\nnext steps needed to move the process forward.\n\n\n**Priority Recommendations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**2.** **Modify standard data collection tools and databases used in humanitarian action to include**\n\n**Washington Group data tools to identify people with disabilities, as well as how programs and**\n**interventions are reaching out to persons with disabilities**\n\n\n\n\n\n**4.** **Strengthen the demand for data on persons with disabilities in humanitarian action through**\n\n**donor reporting requirements**\n\n\n\n\n\n**6.** **Improve the IASC registry of humanitarian indicators by proposing the development of new**\n\n**indicators on inclusion of persons with disabilities and reviewing/promoting ones that are**\n**sensitive to the inclusion of persons with disabilities**\n\n\n\n\n\n**8.** **Promote the participation of and accountability towards persons with disabilities and**\n\n**organizations of persons with disabilities (DPOs) in efforts related to data collection and**\n**decision-making processes**\n\n\n\n\n\n**10.** **[According to the Humanitarian-Development Nexus, integrate information on persons with](https://www.unocha.org/story/new-way-working)**\n\n**disabilities from other sources including development, human rights reporting and peace**\n**building into humanitarian action processes**\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Collecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Contents**\n\n**1. Background -- Data in Humanitarian Action and the Washington Group\u2019s Work** **2**\nReaction 4\n\n\n**2. Experiences with Disability Data in Humanitarian Action** **4**\n\n\n**3. Challenges and Opportunities** **5**\nExploring data issues in different humanitarian contexts 6\n\n\n**4. Disability Data and the Humanitarian Program Cycle** **8**\nPreparedness and relevant pre-crisis data 8\nNeeds Assessment and Planning 8\nTypes of program Implementation, monitoring and evaluation data 10\n\n\n**5. Prioritizing Recommendations** **11**\nConclusions and Next Steps 15\n\n\n**Meeting Participants** **17**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability Data", - "confidence": 0.8303989768028259, - "start": 40, - "end": 42 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability Data", - "confidence": 0.556097149848938, - "start": 78, - "end": 80 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## **Acronyms**\n\n5W:OP Who does What, Where? Operational presence analysis including the \u201cwhen\u201d\nand \u201cfor whom\u201d dimensions\n\n\nCRPD UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities\n\n\nDHS Demographic and Health Survey\n\n\nDPO Organizations of persons with disabilities\n\n\nEMIS Education Management Information Systems\n\n\nHMIS Health Management Information Systems\n\n\nIASC Inter-Agency Steering Committee, mechanism for inter-agency coordination\nof humanitarian assistance\n\n\nINGO International Non-Governmental Organization\n\n\nL3 Level 3 Emergency, a system-wide designation for the most complex and\nchallenging emergency situations\n\n\nMARA Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Arrangements on Conflict-Related Sexual\nViolence\n\n\nMICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey\n\n\nMIS Management Information Systems\n\n\nMRM Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms on grave violations\n\n\nOCHA Office of the Coordinator of Humanitarian Affairs\n\n\nOHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\n\n\nProGres Profile Global Registration System, the UNHCR database application for\nrefugee registration data\n\n\nUNDESA United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs\n\n\nUNDP United Nations Development Program\n\n\nUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\n\n\nUNICEF United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "DHS Demographic and Health Survey", - "confidence": 0.9510642290115356, - "start": 40, - "end": 45 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.5968392491340637, - "start": 44, - "end": 45 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7339057326316833, - "start": 48, - "end": 51 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **1. Background -- Data in Humanitarian Action and the Washington Group\u2019s Work**\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that than one billion\npeople\u2014approximately 15% of the global population\u2014are\npersons with disabilities, 80% of whom live in poverty [2] . Article 11\nof the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN\nCRPD, 2006) obliges States to protect and ensure the safety of\npersons with disabilities in situations of risk, including situations\nof armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence\nof natural disasters. In Article 31 of the CRPD, States commit to\ncollecting appropriate information to enable them to formulate\nand implement policies in a form that is disaggregated as\nappropriate to identify and address barriers faced by persons with\ndisabilities in exercising their rights.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthe case for why collecting data on persons with disabilities is\nimportant, emphasized the growing political commitment that exists in the international community to\ndrive towards greater inclusivity through initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals. In order to\ncomplement this better data on persons with disabilities is required in humanitarian action, but the\nquestion remains: how to do this? Strong political commitment needs to be complemented by better\ntools and processes.\n\n\n\nA humanitarian data specialist [4] from **UNICEF Office of Emergency Programs** described in broad strokes\nsome of the challenges generally associated with data collection and data use in humanitarian contexts:\nWhat data do you need? When do you need it? And what decisions are you making based on the data\nyou collect? Emergency and disaster situations are highly diverse, but in cases where the crisis unfolds\nquickly, the data collection process must move towards actual response planning very fast given the lives\nat stake. Much depends therefore on the quality of pre-crisis data that is available to responders because\nat the early stages of a response little time is available to organize large-scale data collection processes\ninvolving large samples and complex questionnaires. Better pre-existing quantitative data is invaluable to\nhumanitarian actors to understand the scope of the problem.\n\n\nThe focus of initial rapid needs assessments that the humanitarian community undertakes is an attempt\nto produce a situational overview answering questions such as the scale and scope of the problem,\nprofiling the affected population, the capacities on the ground to respond, and the state of humanitarian\n\n\n2 World Health Organization and the World Bank, World Report on Disability (2011)\n[http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf Controversy exists about how accurate this estimate is given the](http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf)\nmethodology used to produce it. As this paper will indicate, weaknesses with disability statistics led to the international efforts\nby the Washington Group to improve the comparability and accuracy of data including estimates such as this one.\n3 Berhanu Tefera\n4 Kate Alley\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9384710788726807, - "start": 158, - "end": 163 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "humanitarian data specialist", - "confidence": 0.7872142195701599, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7579567432403564, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "pre-crisis data", - "confidence": 0.8860541582107544, - "start": 334, - "end": 336 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "humanitarian data specialist", - "confidence": 0.6105442047119141, - "start": 231, - "end": 234 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "World Report on Disability", - "confidence": 0.5329776406288147, - "start": 442, - "end": 446 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2011", - "confidence": 0.5007820129394531, - "start": 447, - "end": 448 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected population", - "confidence": 0.6873548626899719, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability statistics", - "confidence": 0.9504259824752808, - "start": 478, - "end": 480 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7835614085197449, - "start": 513, - "end": 516 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "access, i.e. the access responders have to the population considering issues like security, but also, the\naccess the affected population has to services. More can be done at this stage to more systematically\ninvolve affected populations in the data collection process, although this will generally involve more\nqualitative methods (as compared to sample surveys) to gain insight into the key issues facing people\nwith disabilities.\n\n\nThe number and diversity of actors involved in different or overlapping spaces, the number of activities\nthey undertake and the short timeframes necessary to respond all challenge program performance\nmonitoring and evaluation in humanitarian settings. Double counting and comparable counting (where\ndifferent agencies record the same thing in the same way) is a risk even with simple activity and output\nindicators. To overcome these challenges, investments are being made to establish common data\nplatforms and shared \u201ceTools\u201d that can be used by partners in the field to rapidly and more consistently\ncollect data.\n\n\nDespite the challenges, there is reason for considerable optimism. The diversity of data sources that\nhave applicability to humanitarian action is quite wide, and there is scope for improvement all along the\nresults hierarchy, both to improve national systems (such as Education or Health MIS) as well as better\nservice point data that humanitarian responders collect. Increasing pressure exists for greater rigor in\nprogram evaluations of humanitarian action, a trend that will also push agencies towards more\nquantitative methods. As well there is increased attention to the importance of participation and\nengagement by affected populations in monitoring and evaluation processes. With the broad scope for\nimprovement that exists, when the resources are available, and with the political momentum energizing\nthe process, improving data collection relevant to people with disabilities in humanitarian contexts is\nentirely feasible and is a shared goal.\n\n\nRepresentatives [5] from the **Washington Group on Disability Statistics** presented their different tools that\nhave been developed and tested to improve the disaggregation involving disabilities: the Short Set, the\nShort Set Enhanced, Extended Set and Child Functioning Module. Since these tools were designed for\nuse in national censuses and household surveys, their application in humanitarian action contexts must\nbe further explored given the constraints and different needs. Introducing them in this meeting, and\ndiscussing their applicability will move this effort forward.\n\n\nThe Short Set was designed for census use. It is very short, only six questions long, easy to administer,\nand has been successfully used in non-survey settings including high humanitarian risk environments.\nAnalysis shows that only an additional minute is required in a survey to ask these additional questions.\nThe data disaggregation possible when the Short Set is used allows an analysis of functional limitations\namongst individuals in the population.\n\n\n5 Jennifer Madans and Dan Mont representing the Washington Group, and Claudia Cappa sharing UNICEF\u2019s contributions to this\nprocess through the development of the Child Functioning Modules.\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sample surveys", - "confidence": 0.9504489302635193, - "start": 61, - "end": 63 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people\nwith disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9661226272583008, - "start": 72, - "end": 75 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "activity and output\nindicators", - "confidence": 0.5079813599586487, - "start": 137, - "end": 141 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national systems", - "confidence": 0.5707487463951111, - "start": 219, - "end": 221 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7215479016304016, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Short Set", - "confidence": 0.7911751866340637, - "start": 365, - "end": 367 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5975331664085388, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9230678677558899, - "start": 317, - "end": 320 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.5528958439826965, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "survey", - "confidence": 0.7555800676345825, - "start": 475, - "end": 476 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7200848460197449, - "start": 538, - "end": 541 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Child Functioning Modules", - "confidence": 0.6874692440032959, - "start": 531, - "end": 534 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8981152176856995, - "start": 538, - "end": 541 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Disability status is a continuum, and you must categorize that continuum. The Washington Group\u2019s\nefforts have been focused on developing tools that capture this complexity.\n\n\n**Reaction**\nThese three perspectives provided the group with an excellent starting point for discussion and analysis\nof the issues at stake. It was clear that there is considerable political interest and support from many\nsides that support develop better data collection processes to help identify and address barriers faced by\npersons with disabilities in humanitarian situations. At the same time, the state of the art in\nhumanitarian needs assessment, planning, performance monitoring and evaluation generally (even\nwithout considering disability disaggregated data) is not yet at the level the international community\ndesires. Advances by the Washington Group are encouraging, but during the discussion some\nparticipants were skeptical about where tools like the Short Set are most appropriately used in\nhumanitarian action. Many participants stressed that \u201cgood enough\u201d data was the goal; to acquire useful\ninformation upon which decisions and actions can be taken are the priority, even if the results of these\nexercises do not measure up to \u201cscientific\u201d standards.\n\n\nThe group could conclude from this starting point that an ideal would be to know more about patterns of\ndisability before the crisis: what was the prevalence of disabilities? In a crisis, humanitarian responders\nneed to know how this has changed. Meeting participants, including the data specialists and the\ndisability inclusion advocates with less experience in humanitarian action, could recognize the particular\nchallenges of collecting data in disaster zones, but as well could recognize its importance to promote\ninclusion for people with disabilities.\n\n#### **2. Experiences with Disability Data in Humanitarian Action**\n\nIn order to ground the analysis in field realities, a panel [6] highlighted real world experiences with\ndisability disaggregated data questions. Insights from academia, the INGO sector, DPOs, a donor agency,\nas well as an operational UN agency provided different perspectives and contexts establishing a useful\nfoundation for analysis. Important observations included:\n\n\n - A lesson learned from collecting data in the Pacific Islands following a disaster was the\nimportance of cultural and language dimensions, about how individuals understand and\ninterpret disability in themselves and others. This understanding varied quite a lot. Functional\ndisability categories outsiders considered meaningful were not interpreted in the same way\nsuggesting that the issue of translation was critical.\n\n - Use of the Washington Group tools in refugee contexts produces different estimates of disability\nprevalence than conventional tools considering data on Syrian refugees in Jordan, or Rohingya\n\n\n6 **Frances Wood**, Data and Evidence Lead, Disability Inclusion Team, Department for International Development, UK; **Aliya**\n**Souhaid**, International Medical Corps; **Amalina Abdul Majit**, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; **Duaa Shaalan**,\nHandicap International, Jordan; **Wes Pryor**, Nossal Institute, University of Melbourne; **Simione Bula**, Pacific Disability Forum\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9849787354469299, - "start": 118, - "end": 121 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9732730388641357, - "start": 85, - "end": 88 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Short Set", - "confidence": 0.9181170463562012, - "start": 154, - "end": 156 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "disaster zones", - "confidence": 0.6910080313682556, - "start": 283, - "end": 285 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9000406861305237, - "start": 297, - "end": 300 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Disability Data", - "confidence": 0.6234700083732605, - "start": 311, - "end": 313 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Frances Wood", - "confidence": 0.8307347297668457, - "start": 476, - "end": 478 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Pacific Islands", - "confidence": 0.7455122470855713, - "start": 389, - "end": 391 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8899158239364624, - "start": 464, - "end": 468 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Simione Bula", - "confidence": 0.6424131989479065, - "start": 555, - "end": 557 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Jordan", - "confidence": 0.6475540399551392, - "start": 469, - "end": 470 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Syrian refugees", - "confidence": 0.8232787847518921, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "refugees in Bangladesh. However, the capacity and time to use the Washington Group tools by\nhumanitarian teams was an issue\n\n - Poor alignment of data collected by different agencies creates difficulties. Different agencies may\ndefine disability indicators in different ways, with different boundaries, which creates challenges\nto integrate data from different sources.\n\n - Concerns by agencies about how the data that is collected will be used may be a barrier for\nsharing data. Data confidentiality issues are real concerns, particularly in refugee situations\nwhere protection issues remain.\n\n - Competing priorities of responders may create a disincentive for agencies to take the extra time\nrequired to collect disability data. In addition humanitarian responders have very different\ncapacities to collect data, process it, store it and subsequently analyze it meaningfully.\n\n\nOpportunities that may support or promote improved data collection processes:\n\n\n - Increased attention and demand for disability disaggregated data, especially by donors and their\nconstituencies.\n\n - Methodologies for the collection of service point data, such as those used by UNHCR, allow a\n\u201clayering\u201d and revision of data based on subsequent contacts with persons of interest and later\nfollow-up\n\n - Commitments by humanitarian actors to disaggregate data by sex, age and disability\n\n\nAcquiring better data is one dimension of the challenge, but the use of the data to improve operational\nresponse was equally important. Collecting data on persons with disabilities is not an end in itself;\nhumanitarian actors need to think carefully how this will impact different services and if these services\nare even available. Where no services exist, the data is useful to advocate for additional funding to\nprovide those services to people in need. Humanitarian actors must translate pockets of good\nexperience to influence system-wide change.\n\n#### **3. Challenges and Opportunities**\n\n\n_What_ data are needed _when_, and _how_ will it be used varies according to the context of the humanitarian\nevent. Four humanitarian scenarios were used as a starting point for conversations in the meeting. They\nwere chosen primarily to provide diversity in the discussions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Humanitarian Context|Characteristics|\n|---|---|\n|**Rapid onset emergencies**
**(often natural disasters**
**such as earthquakes, floods**
**or storms)**|\uf0b7
Massive disruption, poor understanding of the scenario especially
at the outset
\uf0b7
Validity of existing data may be questioned; but demands for quick
answers and rapid action
\uf0b7
Damage or loss of assistive devices, separation from caregivers|\n\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability indicators", - "confidence": 0.5137078762054443, - "start": 38, - "end": 40 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Bangladesh", - "confidence": 0.5440857410430908, - "start": 2, - "end": 3 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9691954851150513, - "start": 158, - "end": 161 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.7914366722106934, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7961564064025879, - "start": 247, - "end": 250 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.535883367061615, - "start": 245, - "end": 250 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5687710642814636, - "start": 184, - "end": 185 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6917440891265869, - "start": 247, - "end": 250 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "existing data", - "confidence": 0.7337923645973206, - "start": 459, - "end": 461 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.679077684879303, - "start": 497, - "end": 500 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Protracted and complex
(often involving
displacement, conflict or
other complicating factors
such as food insecurity or
health emergencies)|\uf0b7 Access to affected population may be limited; many service
providers with varying commitments, priorities and technical
competence
\uf0b7 Serious data coordination issues, the humanitarian cluster system
\u201csilos\u201d technical sectors making cross-cutting issues like disability
harder to integrate
\uf0b7 People with new impairments that may lead to disability as a result
of the crisis|\n|---|---|\n|**Refugee response**
**operations**|\uf0b7
Range of possible settings, with long-term displacement common in
many cases (since 1991 between 5-7 million people had spent more
than five years in exile7)
\uf0b7
Initial registration, then follow-up (opportunities for service point
individual data collection)
\uf0b7
Access to services through the reduction of barriers in camp
settings|\n|**Developed country settings**
**(European migrant crisis)**|\uf0b7
Mobile populations who may desire anonymity as they move from
their point of origin towards their destination; Migrants concerned
that sharing personal data would put their status at risk
\uf0b7
Where is the data? Who owns it?
\uf0b7
Linking migrants with disabilities to appropriate services; knowing
what kinds of services are required, where, and for how many|\n\n\n\n**Exploring data issues in different humanitarian contexts**\nThere was wide acknowledgement that there is a data gap regarding persons with disabilities in\nhumanitarian action. The humanitarian program cycle is complex, and different contexts and situations\nintroduce an array of issues making it challenging to know at what stage data on persons with disabilities\ncan be collected, and the level of detail required. Collecting data before problems occur in high\nhumanitarian risk settings at the preparedness stage was highlighted as an obvious entry point, as there\nis more time at this point to set appropriate sample frames to collect meaningful data.\n\n\nIn an ideal world, we would push to use disability disaggregation methodologies in surveys undertaken in\nevery high-risk country where we can be fairly certain in the next ten years there will be some type of\ndisaster. `` Were these data in place, it would provide very useful insight into pre-crisis disability patterns\nso that it was readily available at the initial assessment point to aid first responders. But undertaking\nlarge-scale surveys is not something that humanitarian actors can do in the midst of responding to a\nnatural disaster.\n\n\n7 Xavier Devictor, \u201cHow many years do refugees stay in exile?\u201d, World Bank Blogs, September 2016 (http://blogs.worldbank.org/dev4peace/howmany-years-do-refugees-stay-exile)\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7414470911026001, - "start": 392, - "end": 397 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "disability disaggregation methodologies", - "confidence": 0.6614580154418945, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "high-risk country", - "confidence": 0.9214352965354919, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9662241339683533, - "start": 360, - "end": 363 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7183308005332947, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": { - "text": "disability disaggregation methodologies", - "confidence": 0.7430035471916199, - "start": 458, - "end": 461 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "high-risk country", - "confidence": 0.8837868571281433, - "start": 466, - "end": 468 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8387260437011719, - "start": 360, - "end": 363 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In fast evolving conflict situations, accurate data is hard to obtain. Whatever situation may have existed\n_pre-crisis_ will have changed as a result of the conflict. Even if very accurate data had been collected, as\naffected people move and seek safety, statistical profiles of communities become inaccurate.\n\n\nCamps housing refugees or the internally displaced offer more stable possibilities for data collection. In\ncontrast in chronic or protracted crisis settings, that often involve a variety of humanitarian risk factors,\nis where major data challenges exist. In these settings, there might be security issues that limit access to\nhumanitarian actors, as well as large displaced populations who are hard to count accurately because of\ntheir mobility. Despite large-scale humanitarian action in several protracted crisis settings that have been\nongoing for years or even decades, the international system needs to develop its capacity to collect\nbetter data, and more inclusive data.\n\n\nProtection and access to assistance should be the main focus when collecting data on persons with\ndisabilities. However, an important barrier affecting appropriate and effective humanitarian action, no\nmatter the context, is the lack of awareness of disability and its implications, especially how it intersects\nwith programming. A need was identified to build a common understanding across the humanitarian\nsector \u2013 irrespective of the type of emergency \u2013 about how disability is defined and understood. For\nexternal actors involved in data collection the local socio-cultural understanding and implications of\ndisability may not be understood, or respondents may be reluctant to share information that may have\nan associated social stigma.\n\n\nAn issue that cuts across the use of disability data in humanitarian situations relates to the capacity of\nactors responsible for collecting, analyzing and using it. Current data collection tools in the humanitarian\nsystem tend to be over-simplified binary indicators, identifying an individual as \u201cdisabled or not\u201d, rather\nthan capturing the multi-dimensional and continuous nature of disability. One remedy is rather than\nfocusing on the medical perspective, which is more related to an impairment, to use instead activity\nlimitations (difficulties in functioning) in identifying individuals with disabilities. This is the approach\ntaken by the Washington Group and it has yielded more accurate approaches to estimate the prevalence\nof persons with disability in the population, and the type and extent of functional difficulties faced.\nInformation management and knowledge management in humanitarian situations is challenging already,\nand adding the requirement to disaggregate data by disability could potentially overwhelm the system if\ncapacity is not developed in parallel. Investments in capacity building to improve monitoring, evaluation\nand learning skills from a disabilities perspective were identified as being urgently needed.\n\n\nIn disaster situations that begin with little warning and rapidly evolve, existing data may no longer be\nrelevant making it complicated to know the extent of the situation particularly for people with\ndisabilities. Following an earthquake, for example, demographic data of a neighborhood that may have\nincluded disability disaggregation may be of limited use if the former residents have been evacuated.\nDuring the European migrant crisis, one data constraint had to do with understanding which\nGovernment (or agency within a particular Government) was responsible to collect these data as the\nmigrants passed from one country to the next. These migrant populations were also actively avoiding\nborder controls. In cases where data were collected in one country, neither was there a mechanism in\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "statistical profiles of communities", - "confidence": 0.8407159447669983, - "start": 46, - "end": 50 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected people", - "confidence": 0.8178956508636475, - "start": 39, - "end": 41 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.6347466707229614, - "start": 176, - "end": 181 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.8658353686332703, - "start": 178, - "end": 181 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "humanitarian\nsystem", - "confidence": 0.5015977621078491, - "start": 316, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "existing data", - "confidence": 0.5203935503959656, - "start": 488, - "end": 490 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Washington Group", - "confidence": 0.614111065864563, - "start": 388, - "end": 390 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8094802498817444, - "start": 377, - "end": 380 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic data of a neighborhood", - "confidence": 0.9221502542495728, - "start": 518, - "end": 523 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.6746771335601807, - "start": 507, - "end": 510 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Data on Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.783650815486908, - "start": 610, - "end": 615 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "one country", - "confidence": 0.523593008518219, - "start": 600, - "end": 602 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9426430463790894, - "start": 612, - "end": 615 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "place at the peak of the crisis to transfer data from one jurisdiction to the next, nor was there a protocol\nfor identifying individuals.\n\n\nKey ideas to take forward:\n\n\n - Importance of a rights-based definition of disability in data collection processes during\nhumanitarian action that allows the analysis of interactions between persons with long-term\nactivity limitations and attitudinal and environmental barriers. More nuanced data about the\ntypes of functional difficulties may be useful in program design, implementation and evaluation.\nBetter-designed humanitarian action should aim to promote access and removal of barriers.\n\n\n - Invest in the capacity of humanitarian actors to collect and effectively use disabilitydisaggregated data. Raising the awareness of humanitarian actors about the implications of the\nbarriers to participation and accessing services, as well as the risks they cause for persons with\ndisabilities, will reduce the chance that people are left behind or passed over. Before collecting\nany disability data, humanitarian actors can do a lot to make the services they provide more\naccessible.\n\n#### **4. Disability Data and the Humanitarian Program Cycle**\n\n\n**Preparedness and relevant pre-crisis data**\nLack of existing or reliable secondary data on persons with disabilities was identified as being a general\nchallenge. Where such data does exist prior to the emergency it is enormously helpful in rapidly\nassessing needs.\n\n\nInvestments at the national level in population censuses, demographic and health surveys, or health or\neducation management information systems pay off following a humanitarian crisis by offering\nresponders a solid foundation on which to assess the scenario as well as the likely impacts on affected\npopulations.\n\n\nPre-crisis data is not relevant in every situation. Pre-conflict data might be outdated. In some scenarios\nsharing of data may be limited due to the lack of political will, accountability, or the fact that the\ngovernment may be a party to the conflict itself. Also, how data is shared in these situations could have\nimportant protection issues for affected persons.\n\n\nImportant ideas at the preparedness stage:\n\n\n - Collection of data on persons with disabilities in \u201cpeace time\u201d, before the crisis hits, is a good\ninvestment\n\n - Especially in conflict settings pre-crisis data can be contentious and protection issues exist\n\n\n**Needs Assessment and Planning**\nData on people with disabilities have the potential to improve programming. How much disability data to\ncollect during the needs assessment and planning stage depends a great deal on context. What data\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disabilitydisaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.9178064465522766, - "start": 111, - "end": 113 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with\ndisabilities", - "confidence": 0.9179011583328247, - "start": 140, - "end": 143 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability data", - "confidence": 0.62522953748703, - "start": 160, - "end": 162 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8773859143257141, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "demographic and health surveys", - "confidence": 0.7706666588783264, - "start": 250, - "end": 254 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7550657391548157, - "start": 212, - "end": 215 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7255560755729675, - "start": 367, - "end": 372 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7380080223083496, - "start": 369, - "end": 372 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "collection modalities are justifiable \u2013 or even possible \u2013 in different humanitarian contexts varies a lot\ndepending on circumstances. In situations where life saving is the immediate need, the time available to\ncollect data before taking action is limited. While time for data collection is a big factor to consider in a\nsudden onset crisis response, in many _protracted_ humanitarian situations that drag on for years,\nhumanitarian actors have plenty of opportunity for more careful data collection processes that does\nallow for disaggregation.\n\n\nGiven the urgency to respond to life-threatening situations, and therefore the limited time available to\ncollect specific data on disabilities, even the earliest actions following a crisis must be designed from the\noutset in an accessible manner so as to not to create a barrier for persons with disabilities. Providing\nmore efficient relief on the basis of need alone and without discrimination is the central idea behind the\nhumanitarian aid\u2019s impartiality principle.\n\n\nThe safety and security of the data collectors is another constraint. Given limited humanitarian access, it\nis important to be realistic and flexible in considering how data on persons with disabilities can best be\ncollected, and the kind of approaches that make the most sense. Security issues put constraints on\nmethods used by both local actors as well as external humanitarian actors including the size of survey\nsamples and the length of questionnaires. In some humanitarian contexts, feasible sample sizes may be\ntoo small to allow meaningful disaggregation. In these cases, qualitative methods might produce better\ninsight.\n\n\nAside from the feasibility of collecting the data, determining when disability disaggregated data is the\nmost relevant or useful to help improve humanitarian action is important. Rapid onset versus slow onset\nemergencies, acute crises versus prolonged ones: although data about disabilities is always useful at the\nplanning stage, the level of detail needed at the assessment and planning stage relates to the need to\nprioritize fundamental needs \u2013 i.e. _how much and what kind of data is good enough?_ The data needed\nby responders in the first few days following a major natural disaster is much different than what can be\neffectively integrated by planners years into addressing a protracted refugee situation for example. In\nprinciple disability data needs to be placed on a level of demographics, with sex and age data: that is,\nwhen sex and age data on individuals is collected during a humanitarian action, at that point it is also\nappropriate to collect data regarding disability.\n\n\nKey take-aways:\n\n\n - Time is a factor. In some humanitarian contexts it would be irresponsible to undertake a major\ndata collection exercise prior to taking action when lives were at risk. To mitigate this limitation\nthe earliest humanitarian interventions following a crisis must be accessible.\n\n\n - Where humanitarian access is limited because of security or other factors, qualitative methods\nmight produce better results than a small quantitative sample.\n\n\n - Different types of emergencies play out along very different time-scales. This has very large\nimplications for choosing appropriate modalities for data collection.\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6034301519393921, - "start": 107, - "end": 110 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9605193138122559, - "start": 137, - "end": 140 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data on persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8734012842178345, - "start": 195, - "end": 200 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7805729508399963, - "start": 197, - "end": 200 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability disaggregated data", - "confidence": 0.6127333045005798, - "start": 284, - "end": 287 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "data about disabilities", - "confidence": 0.8392913341522217, - "start": 315, - "end": 318 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.7422738075256348, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sex and age data", - "confidence": 0.8605028986930847, - "start": 413, - "end": 417 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "individuals", - "confidence": 0.7696022987365723, - "start": 427, - "end": 428 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Types of program Implementation, monitoring and evaluation data**\nDifferent types of data help humanitarian actors understand the situation of people living with\ndisabilities and the progress of the response.\n\n\n1. Data at the **individual level** that identifies disability, needs, and barriers individuals may face as well\n\nas the capacities they may have. Individual data allows the population to be differentiated, providing\nan insight into size of the population of persons with disabilities that allows meaningful planning\ntargets to be set and evaluations to occur. Individual data can be obtained in two ways:\n\n\n - Data that **extrapolates for the whole population** such as a national census or large-scale sample\nsurvey helps determine prevalence, and is useful to shape programmatic interventions. This type\nof individual data is better gathered in advance of the crisis, and where it exists this type of data\nprovides an excellent baseline against which to assess the response during an evaluation.\n\n\n - **Administrative processes** where data from individuals is collected during the course of a\nhumanitarian response can also be used effectively to understand how people with disabilities\nare being reached. Data such as collected by UNHCR when a refugee is registered that is entered\ninto the \u201cProGres\u201d database can be used by the humanitarian community to understand the\nprevalence of persons with disabilities. Administrative data of this type has limitations if it was\nimproperly captured, if individuals were \u201cunregistered\u201d, or their disabilities were \u201cunidentified\u201d.\n\n\n2. **Service level data** on the availability of inclusive services (or barriers to be addressed) does not track\n\nindividuals, but the proportion of services, facilities or activities in terms of accessibility to persons\nwith disabilities. Data of this type can be used for program planning, setting targets, measuring\nprogress and evaluations. During a humanitarian action, this kind of data may be easier to obtain.\nThis kind of data looks at the proportion of WASH facilities are accessible, for example, or what\nproportion of protection staff had received adequate disability awareness training etc. This type of\ninformation can be captured very early in a humanitarian action as needs are assessed by the\ndifferent humanitarian Cluster teams8.\n\n\n3. A third type of disability-related data can record **activities and outputs**, and these are actually the\n\nmost common type of data in humanitarian situations. In a project, several activities might be\nspecifically targeted at persons with disabilities. Data of this type are used for performance\nmonitoring, tracking achievements against targets, such as the number of assistive devices that were\ndistributed compared to the plan, or the number of shelters that were modified to be made more\naccessible.\n\n\nDuring the implementation of a humanitarian action it is feasible that data related to administrative\nprocesses, service levels and activities and outputs can be collected in a disability inclusive manner.\n\n\n8 The Protection Mainstreaming Toolkit recommends the approach to proactively look for needed services or services being\nprovided by humanitarian actors that are not accessible.\n[http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/aors/protection_mainstreaming/gpc-pm_toolkit-2017.en.pdf See](http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/aors/protection_mainstreaming/gpc-pm_toolkit-2017.en.pdf)\nquestions about access, p. 46.\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "national census", - "confidence": 0.9713828563690186, - "start": 124, - "end": 126 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "individual data", - "confidence": 0.5100663304328918, - "start": 145, - "end": 147 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7458142042160034, - "start": 84, - "end": 87 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "large-scale sample\nsurvey", - "confidence": 0.7057088017463684, - "start": 127, - "end": 130 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "whole population", - "confidence": 0.5836213231086731, - "start": 117, - "end": 119 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Service level data", - "confidence": 0.9963430762290955, - "start": 281, - "end": 284 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "disability-related data", - "confidence": 0.870667576789856, - "start": 417, - "end": 419 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "persons\nwith disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9847294688224792, - "start": 318, - "end": 321 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Especially with disability-aware administrative processes, more work piloting and action research is\nrequired to align tools like the Washington Group Short Set of questions into existing systems.\n\n#### **5. Prioritizing Recommendations**\n\n\nConsidering the different humanitarian contexts and disability data use at different phases of the\nhumanitarian response a number of recommendations emerged, with some actions already planned or\nunderway:\n\n\n**Recommendations**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n9 The use of sample surveys in humanitarian action is becoming more common both to improve accountability to affected\npopulations as well as to improve program planning, monitoring and evaluation especially during the course of protracted\ncrises, for example through profiling exercises for internally displaced populations.\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Washington Group Short Set of questions", - "confidence": 0.9049156904220581, - "start": 19, - "end": 25 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "Washington Group", - "confidence": 0.6918822526931763, - "start": 19, - "end": 21 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sample surveys", - "confidence": 0.719846785068512, - "start": 80, - "end": 82 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.5096136331558228, - "start": 128, - "end": 131 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**2.** **Modify standard data collection tools and**\n\n**databases used in humanitarian action to**\n**include Washington Group data tools to**\n**identify people with disabilities, as well as**\n**how programs and interventions are**\n**reaching out to persons with disabilities**\n\n\n\nAs the UNHCR rightly observes, \u201cregistration\nsaves lives, especially in an emergency\u201d [10]\nStandard tools such as UNHCR\u2019s ProGres\ndatabase application collects data on disability\n[based on codes in its Registration Handbook, but](http://www.unhcr.org/publications/operations/4a278ea1d/unhcr-handbook-registration-provisional-release-september-2003-complete.html)\nnot using the Washington Group approach, and\ntherefore under-counts persons whose disability\nis unidentified [11] .\n\n\nHumanity & Inclusion (formally Handicap\nInternational) is producing evidence-based\ntraining materials and guidance for use of the\nWashington Group short set in humanitarian\naction that complement other resources for\ncollecting data on disability (more information\n[here).](https://humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/disability-statistics-in-humanitarian-action)\n\n\nWhere targeting criteria for social protection and\ncash transfer programming includes disability as\na criteria, the Washington Group approach to\ndata disaggregation is a more objective\nbenchmark.\n\n\nStandard questions related to inclusive\nhumanitarian action should to be added as a\nstandard feature of the terms of reference for all\nL3 evaluations.\n\n\n\n10 Dirk Hebecker, UNHCR\u2019s senior registration officer. \u201cThe sooner we know how many refugees there are in which location,\nincluding children and people with special needs, the faster we can distribute aid to everybody\u2026\u201d\n[(http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2004/12/41d42e904/registration-project-improves-profile-refugees-mozambique.html)](http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2004/12/41d42e904/registration-project-improves-profile-refugees-mozambique.html)\n\n11 Laura Smith-Khan, et. al. \u201cTo \u2018Promote, Protect and Ensure\u2019: Overcoming Obstacles to Identifying Disability in Forced\nMigration\u201d, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 28, Issue 1, 1 March 2015\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Washington Group data tools", - "confidence": 0.6467886567115784, - "start": 29, - "end": 33 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.866527259349823, - "start": 69, - "end": 70 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "people with disabilities", - "confidence": 0.7340868711471558, - "start": 39, - "end": 42 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "L3 evaluations", - "confidence": 0.5788559317588806, - "start": 228, - "end": 230 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.6046063303947449, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Collecting Data on Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.6258316040039062, - "start": 319, - "end": 325 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2015", - "confidence": 0.9822449088096619, - "start": 318, - "end": 319 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "Persons with Disabilities", - "confidence": 0.9559453725814819, - "start": 322, - "end": 325 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**4.** **Strengthen the demand for data on persons**\n\n**with disabilities in humanitarian action**\n**through donor reporting requirements**\n\n\n\nDonors have enormous leverage. Support the\ndevelopment of a \u201cdisability marker\u201d similar to\n[the IASC \u201cgender marker\u201d to make financial flows](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/topics/gender/page/iasc-gender-marker)\nsupporting disabilities in humanitarian action\nmore visible\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6.** **Improve the IASC registry of humanitarian**\n\n**indicators by proposing the development of**\n**new indicators on inclusion of persons with**\n**disabilities and reviewing/promoting ones**\n**that are sensitive to the inclusion of persons**\n**with disabilities**\n\n\n\nTechnical sector specialists in humanitarian\n[action have contributed to an indicator registry](https://ir.hpc.tools/)\nto encourage agencies to harmonize and align\ntheir monitoring, reporting and evaluation\napproaches.\n\n\nWork needs to be done to further develop,\npromote and adapt indicators sensitive to\npersons with disabilities, focused on the need to\ncreate standard codes for information\nmanagement system and data sharing.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**8.** **Promote the participation of and**\n\n**accountability towards people with**\n**disabilities and organizations of persons**\n**with disabilities (DPOs) in efforts related to**\n**data collection and decision-making**\n**processes**\n\n\n\nSeveral of the \u201cGrand Bargain\u201d work streams,\nparticularly those looking at localisation, reforms\nto the needs assessment process, multi-year\nplanning, and accountability to affected persons\nshould take on issues of inclusion.\n\n\nTo improve effectiveness, partnerships between\nhumanitarian actors and DPOs or other agencies\nwith experience in working with persons with\ndisabilities\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**10.** **[According to the Humanitarian-](https://www.unocha.org/story/new-way-working)**\n\n**[Development Nexus, integrate information](https://www.unocha.org/story/new-way-working)**\n**on persons with disabilities from other**\n**sources including development, human**\n**rights reporting and peace building into**\n**humanitarian action processes**\n\n\n\nOHCHR reporting on human rights, reports from\nthe UN Special Rapporteur on Persons with\nDisabilities, and data from [Monitoring and](https://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_57997.html)\n[Reporting Mechanisms on grave violations](https://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_57997.html)\n(MRM) and [Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting](http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/1526-monitoring-analysis-and-reporting-arrangements-on-conflict-related-sexual-violence.html)\n[Arrangements on Conflict-Related Sexual](http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/1526-monitoring-analysis-and-reporting-arrangements-on-conflict-related-sexual-violence.html)\n[Violence](http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/1526-monitoring-analysis-and-reporting-arrangements-on-conflict-related-sexual-violence.html) (MARA), could also inform humanitarian\ndata for programming purposes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Conclusions and Next Steps**\nThe process that brought these different communities together for the first time was a critical first step.\nMuch better understanding resulted about the wide range of humanitarian contexts, but also of the\ngreat potential for better disability disaggregated data to improve humanitarian action and make it more\ninclusive for the population with disabilities who face barriers and heightened risks in humanitarian\ncontexts. The list of prioritized recommendations that the group developed can be seen as an \u201cagenda\nfor action\u201d to improve the current situation.\n\n\n[There is much work already underway. The IASC Task Team](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-team-inclusion-persons-disabilities-humanitarian-action) on inclusion of persons with disabilities in\nhumanitarian action will produce guidelines in 2018. A data work stream has been added to the work of\nthis Task Team to involve people with experience or interest in collecting data on persons with\ndisabilities, so that this can be incorporated into the development of the guidelines. This report will be\nshared so that its recommendations can be taken into account while the IASC guidelines are developed.\nHumanity and Inclusion\u2019s [12] action research on the collection of data on persons with disabilities using the\nWashington Group questions in humanitarian action will conclude and be evaluated in 2018. This will\ngenerate important learning for the community, and will provide evidence of how this tool can be used\nacross the humanitarian project cycle. HI expects to create guidance and learning materials based on its\naction research concerning how the Washington Group questions can be used effectively in\nhumanitarian action. UNICEF has produced sector-specific guidance for including children with\ndisabilities in humanitarian action. Rolling out this material to its partners will be a priority in the coming\nyear.\n\n\n12 Formally Handicap International\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In addition to these on-going processes, a lot more needs to be done to move the humanitarian\ncommunity forward towards making its action more inclusive. The group emphasized the need for more\npolitical will, so as to open the door for higher-level decision-making and prioritization. The group\nconcluded that the conversation needed to continue, with new learning as it is developed shared widely\nwith participants. Opportunities for this included the upcoming Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships\nWeek in Geneva (February 2018), Global Action on Disability Network meeting in Helsinki (February\n2018) and the Global Disability Summit in London (July 2018). The group concluded that while the\nmeeting\u2019s objectives to look at the feasibility of data collection on persons with disabilities in\nhumanitarian action and to identify challenges, solutions and best practices had been met, the process\nwas just at the beginning.\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "#### **Meeting Participants**\n\n**Names** **Organizations**\n**Berhanu Tefera** African Disability Forum\n**Abraham Abdallah** Arab Organization of Persons with Disability (AOPD)\n**Alberto Gomez** Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund (ASB)\n**Gordon Rattray** CBM\n**Dan Mont** Center for Inclusive Policy\n**Steve Perry** Consultant\n**Paula Iwanowska** Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations\n**Frances Wood** UK Department for International Development\n**Zoe Ayong** Government of Vanuatu\u2019s National Disaster Management Office\n**Pierre Gallien** Handicap International\n**Pauline Thivillier** Handicap International\n**Kate Aykroyd** Handicap International\n**Ricardo Pla Cordero** Handicap International\n**Duaa Shaalan** Handicap International Jordan\n**Nuhad Al-Alfi** IASC Secretariat\n**Georgia Dominik** International Disability Alliance\n**Ruth Warick** International Federation of Hard of Hearing People\n**Aliya Souhaid** International Medical Corps\n**Anna Reichenberg** International Organization for Migration\n**Alice Hawkes** International Rescue Committee\n**Nora Groce** Leonard Cheshire Disability& Inclusive Development Centre\n**Wes Pryor** Nossal Institute \u2013 University of Melbourne\n**Patrick Rooney** Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights\n**Simione Bula** Pacific Disability Forum\n**Priscila Gonzalez** International Federation of the Red Cross\n**Mei Lin Leon** International Federation of the Red Cross\n**David Coffey** UN Women\n**Maria De Freitas Martinho** UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)\n**Xing Lu** UN DESA\n**Stefanie Afonso** United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)\n**Amalina Abdul Majit** United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\n**Kristin Lange** UNHCR\n**Ehsan Ul Haq** United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)\n**Asma Maladwala** UNICEF\n**Gopal Mitra** UNICEF\n**Claudia Cappa** UNICEF\n**Hellen Nyangoya** UNICEF\n**Kate Alley** UNICEF\n**Alexandra Heinsjo** UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Jennifer Madans** Washington Group on Disability Statistics\n**Romina Woldemariam** World Food Programme\n**Penny Hartin** World Blind Union\n**Emma Pearce** Women Refugee Commission\n\n\nCollecting Data on Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Contexts 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9e8bf575-fe63-3807-9e67-18fad3d0a5b1/workshop_report_270318_004.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_959/raw/doc_959_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_959/raw/doc_959_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6c3054a1941a42407a6411cf04dd9d9b132e196e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_959/raw/doc_959_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,873 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "## **Review of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the**\n\n\n## **Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment**\n\n\n## **August 2017**\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **TABLE OF CONTENTS**\n\nBACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 3\n\nOBJECTIVES AND APPROACH OF THE REVIEW .............................................................................. 3\n\n1. **Compliance** ................................................................................................................................ 4\n\n1.1 Desk Review: Compliance .................................................................................................. 4\n\n1.1.1 Sectoral level compliance ........................................................................................... 4\n\n1.1.2 Project level compliance ............................................................................................. 4\n\n1.2 Interviews of Stakeholders: compliance .............................................................................. 6\n\n1.2.1 Sectoral PRA: interview findings ................................................................................. 6\n\n1.2.2 Project PRA: interview findings ................................................................................... 7\n\n1.2.3 Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements ..................................................... 7\n\n1.2.4 Review\u2019s recommendations on Compliance ............................................................... 8\n\n2. **Impact:** ........................................................................................................................................ 8\n\n2.1 Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements ............................................................. 9\n\n2.2 Review\u2019s general findings and recommendations on PRA impact ..................................... 9\n\n**3.** **Monitoring** of the PRAs and risks **.............................................................................................. 9**\n\n3.1 Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements in relation to monitoring .................... 10\n\n3.2 Review\u2019s findings and recommendations on monitoring ................................................... 10\n\n4. Donor discussions ..................................................................................................................... 10\n\n5. Summary of the interviews\u2019 minority views ............................................................................... 11\n\n6. Conclusion and summary of key recommendations ................................................................. 11\n\n6.1 On compliance: ................................................................................................................. 12\n\n6.2 On impact: ......................................................................................................................... 12\n\n6.3 On monitoring: ................................................................................................................... 13\n\nANNEX 1: List of the Sector leads, Agencies and Donors interviewed for this review ......................... 14\n\nANNEX 2: Terms of Reference for the Review ..................................................................................... 15\n\nANNEX 3: Guidance Issued on Protection Risk Assessment/Analysis for HRP 2017 ......................... 17\n\n# **TABLE OF FIGURES**\n\n\nFigure 1: Overall compliance .................................................................................................................. 5\n\nFigure 2: Compliance by sector .............................................................................................................. 5\n\nFigure 3: Compliance by hub .................................................................................................................. 6\n\nFigure 4: Key constraints for compliance, as per the interviewees......................................................... 7\n\nFigure 5: Interviewees\u2019 responses on impact of PRA on sectors/projects .............................................. 8\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **BACKGROUND**\n\nThe humanitarian response inside Syria is one of the largest and most complex in the world. The conflict\nand access situation, combined with diverse programming modalities \u2013 often through remote\nmanagement and cross-border delivery \u2013 result in numerous challenges and risks in carrying out\nactivities. While protection mainstreaming efforts by individual humanitarian partners and organizations\nand through sectors [1] have been made, there remain gaps and concerns: \u201cCommunities are highly\nreliant on assistance, with a dependency on aid reported in 90 per cent of surveyed sub-districts (\u2026).\nThere are physical safety and security issues at distributions due to targeted attacks, the risk of sexual\nexploitation, and the potential for inter-communal violence and tensions between IDPs and host\ncommunities. The perception that assistance is discriminatory often contributes to these protection\nissues.\u201d [2]\n\n\nIn 2017, the Whole of Syria (\u201cWOS\u201d) protection sector proposed a shift from a \u201cmainstreaming\u201d\napproach to a strategy that promotes and supports \u201cDo No Harm\u201d programming across the response,\nand increases opportunities for a multi-sectoral approach to addressing protection threats and risks\nexperienced by affected communities.\n\n\nAs a step to achieve the above, all sectors were required to carry out _sectoral-level_ Protection Risk\nAssessments/Analyses (\u201cPRA\u201d) for the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan (\u201cHRP\u201d). [3] At the _project_\n_level_, all organizations submitting HRP projects were required to demonstrate evidence of how they\nreflected upon and ensured efforts to Do No Harm. Each HRP project was required to include a brief\nparagraph in its narrative highlighting any key protection risks and mitigating measures needed/planned\nin implementing their specific project.\n\n\nAs requested by the Whole of Syria humanitarian leadership, the PRA was _mandatory_ for all actors\ninvolved in the HRP/humanitarian response, but also aimed to be _light_ in terms of process. At a\nminimum, it aimed to require all sectors to identify and consider the potential protection risks of their\nstrategy/activities (\u201cwhat could do harm?\u201d) and how they could mitigate those risks. It also aimed to\nensure that all humanitarian actors delivering assistance contributed to their relevant sectoral view(s),\nand also dedicated time to think through the risks and what could be done to mitigate them for their own\nindividual programmes. While many agencies/actors were already doing this, prior to the PRA there\nwas no requirement, _per se_, and no overarching view or guidance. While acknowledging its limitations\n(i.e. that the PRA alone would not address the risks), the PRA was a step to resolve this, by outlining a\nprocess leading agencies to more systematically ensure a Do No Harm approach.\n# **OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH OF THE REVIEW**\n\n\nThis review examined the compliance, impact and monitoring opportunities for the PRAs in the Syria\nHRP 2017, and provides recommendations for how the PRA and related tools (e.g. matrix, inclusion in\nprojects through OPS, trainings, guidance, etc.) can be improved. The review was carried out by George\nFahmy, a Protection Training Officer and member of the Protection Sector and was done under the\noversight of the WOS Protection Sector Coordinators.\n\n\nThe review included a desk review of all relevant documentation (including guidance, HRP 2017,\nsectoral PRA matrices, OPS project submissions). Following the desk review, 42 interviews were\ncarried out with different sector coordinators (hub and WOS), OCHA leads involved in the HRP, a\nsample of donors, and a sample of UN agencies, INGOs, and Syrian NGOs which submitted projects\non OPS. [4]\n\n\n1 For the purposes of this review, the term \u201csector\u201d is synonymous with \u201ccluster\u201d (as per the Turkey cross-border hub structure)\nand \u201cworking group\u201d (as per the Jordan cross-border hub structure).\n2 Syria Humanitarian Needs Overview 2017, P. 32.\n3 See PRA Guidance in Annex # 3.\n4 List of sector leads, agencies and donors interviewed are available in Annex # 1.\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "_sectoral-level_ Protection Risk\nAssessments/Analyses", - "confidence": 0.848889946937561, - "start": 229, - "end": 235 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Whole of Syria", - "confidence": 0.6433582901954651, - "start": 160, - "end": 163 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.7784045934677124, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8564025163650513, - "start": 157, - "end": 158 - }, - "reference_population": { - "text": "affected communities", - "confidence": 0.5817438364028931, - "start": 211, - "end": 213 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. Compliance**\n\nThe below provides findings with regard to compliance, based on a Desk Review (section 1.1) and on\nInterviews with stakeholders (section 1.2)\n\n\n**1.1 Desk Review: Compliance**\n\n\n_**1.1.1**_ _**Sectoral level compliance**_\n\nAll sectors were required to complete a sectoral PRA. This included completion of the PRA matrix/tool\nas provided in the guidance (see Annex # 2), as well as completing a section in the HRP itself which\ncan be found in every HRP sector chapter under the heading \u201cProtection risk analysis and mitigating\nmeasures.\u201d The PRA matrix was supposed to be completed under the lead of sector coordinators and\nin collaboration with sector members, and prior to project development in OPS; the aim being: 1)\nindividual project PRAs should cascade from the sectoral PRA, and 2) this would serve as a tool for the\nproject submitters and facilitate the PRA process for them.\n\n\nAfter reviewing the PRA matrices and the HRP narrative sections submitted by the sectors, the following\nobservations can be made:\n\n\nWith regard to compliance in completing PRA Matrices:\n\n\n - All sectors were compliant with PRA sectoral matrices except three: Coordination, Emergency\nTelecommunications, and Logistics\n\n - All the matrices were generally comprehensive and clear with regard to the identified risks\nrelated to each sector activities and the corresponding proposed mitigating measures.\nHowever, the amount of the details varied from one matrix to another, which is reflected in the\nlength of these documents. For example, while the CCCM and WASH sectors submitted onepage sectoral PRA matrices, the Protection sector submitted a 29-page document.\n\n - It is also worth to mention that two of the lengthy sector matrices (Protection and Shelter/NFI)\nreflected separately the PRA of each hub of the three. This allowed for contextual specificity\n(but was lengthy). This was not the case in the rest of other matrices which merged the PRA of\nthe three hubs all together, in some cases resulting in generic and less user-friendly/applicable\nrisks.\n\n\nWith regard to compliance for the **HRP\u2019s PRA** **text in sector chapters:**\n\n\n - All sectors included PRA narrative sections in their respective chapters except two: Emergency\nTelecommunications and Logistics.\n\n - Due to length limitations, none of the PRA narratives of any sector could reflect all the\nrisks/mitigating measures mentioned in the sector matrices. The quality of the narratives,\nhowever, did vary from one sector to another. While some HRP chapters attempted to be more\ncomplete in terms of providing the reader with identified potential risks and mitigating measures,\nothers seemed more minimalistic and listed even only one potential risk (WASH).\n\n - Another example of the disparity of the quality of these narratives can be found in the\nCoordination and Education chapters which included sections on protection risks and mitigating\nmeasures, but without identifying any of these risks or mitigating measures. The section simply\nreiterated the importance of analyzing the risks in line with the Do No Harm principle.\n\n - The listing of risks and mitigating measures in the chapter was important to publicly and\nexplicitly state; in a widely-read document such as the HRP this is an opportunity to lay out the\npotential risks and sectors\u2019 commitment to mitigate them.\n\n\n_**1.1.2**_ _**Project level compliance**_\n\nAll agencies submitting projects to the HRP were required to include \u201ca brief paragraph in [the project\u2019s]\nnarrative (in the \u201cActivities\u201d box in OPS) highlighting any key protection risks and mitigating measures\nneeded/planned in implementing their specific project.\u201d Compliance was measured both in assessing\nwhether or not this task was done, and whether it was done in a manner which demonstrated it was\nthought-through. In order to check the compliance rate of including PRAs in the OPS project\nsubmissions, and whether or not the PRAs were constructive, all OPS project submissions (581\nprojects) were reviewed and analyzed.\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Desk Review", - "confidence": 0.9091053605079651, - "start": 22, - "end": 24 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA matrices", - "confidence": 0.9740613102912903, - "start": 203, - "end": 205 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "project submitters", - "confidence": 0.787375271320343, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HRP narrative sections", - "confidence": 0.5593440532684326, - "start": 207, - "end": 210 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "project submitters", - "confidence": 0.5151576995849609, - "start": 190, - "end": 192 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sectoral PRA matrices", - "confidence": 0.5616551041603088, - "start": 312, - "end": 315 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA narratives", - "confidence": 0.8093947768211365, - "start": 453, - "end": 455 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "OPS project submissions", - "confidence": 0.621213972568512, - "start": 757, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities", - "confidence": 0.7261713743209839, - "start": 771, - "end": 777 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.970837414264679, - "start": 779, - "end": 780 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9730993509292603, - "start": 781, - "end": 782 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "As a result of this review, three categories of projects were found:\n\n\nI. Projects including constructive PRA section: 233 projects\n(43%)\n\n\nThese projects were thoughtfully completed including clear and\nconstructive PRA sections. They clearly reflect the rationale of a\nPRA and include logical/doable mitigating measures.\n\n\nII. Projects including non-constructive PRA section: 118\nProjects (22%)\n\n\nThese projects mentioned PRA or Do No Harm, however, this was\ndone to simply \u201ctick the box\u201d of including this requirement and/or\nwith no clear understanding of the logic of including a PRA. For\nexample by mixing protection mainstreaming with PRA or the\nprinciple of accountability of affected population, mixing\noperational risks with protection risks, or by copying and pasting\nPRA paragraphs of other submissions from the same agency.\n\n\nIII. Projects with no mention of PRA or Do No Harm\nwhatsoever: 189 Projects (35%)\n\n\n**Compliance by sector - No.of projects (percentage of projects)**\n\nConstructive PRA Non-constructive PRA No PRA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCamp coordination and camp management\n\n\nCoordination\n\n\nEarly Recovery and Livelihoods\n\n\nEducation\n\n\nEmergency Telecommunications\n\n\nFood security\n\n\nHealth\n\n\nLogistics\n\n\nNutrition\n\n\nProtection\n\n\nShelter/NFI\n\n\nWASH\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 2: Compliance by sector_\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Compliance by \"hub\" - No.of projects (percentage of projects)**\n\n\nConstructive PRA Non-constructive PRA No PRA\n\n\n\nNorth Eastern Syria\n\n\nJordan\n\n\nSyria\n\n\nTurkey\n\n\nWoS\n\n\nNot identified\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 3: Compliance by hub_\n\n\nIn general, compliance was mixed across sectors, as illustrated in the figures above. The Syria hub\nclearly had the highest compliance rate overall, with a few, specific sectors making up the bulk of the\nnon-compliance. The detailed findings will be communicated to each sector and hub in order to support\ntargeted follow-up and improvements for the HRP 2018. In sum, some hubs/sectors were more\ncompliant than others, but despite the requirement as per the humanitarian leadership \u2013 none was\n100% compliant.\n\n\n**1.2 Interviews of Stakeholders: compliance**\n\n\nFollowing the desk review of projects and sectoral PRAs, the findings were discussed in 42 interviews\nwith a cross-section of stakeholders. Coordinators and a sample of project submitters were asked the\nfollowing:\n\n\n - Was the sectoral analysis done at Whole of Syria or hub level, and what were respective\npros/cons?\n\n - How was the project review completed for the PRA? Did coordinators check for compliance\nand send projects back for review/revision if no (or a poor quality) PRA was included?\n\n - What were the key constraints in doing the PRA? What were the causes and what\nrecommendations are there to improve it (e.g. guidance, training, senior-level messaging,\ntranslations, tools such as OPS, etc.)?\n\n\nThe following are summaries of the views and recommendations expressed during the interviews on\nthe compliance:\n\n\n_**1.2.1**_ _**Sectoral PRA: interview findings**_\n\n - The majority of the sector leads expressed their satisfaction with the matrices they submitted.\nThe majority also stated that the matrices were done collectively with their partner organizations\nand before the project drafting stage.\n\n - However, since it is the first time to do this exercise, some sector coordinators did not have\nenough time to present the PRA rationale to all partners. It was hard sometimes to do proper\nconsultations or collect inputs from all agencies on the hub level. In some cases, the\ncoordinators did the entire PRA, especially on the WOS level. Some organizations were\nboycotting WOS (this particularly is reported to have affected the Health sector in Turkey hub)\nand they did not share with partners their inputs to the matrix. Some stated it was unclear if the\nmatrices should include all potential risks or just the major ones.\n\n - For the coordination and logistics sectors, there are no standard activities and therefore it was\nhard to come up with measurable protection risks and corresponding mitigating measures.\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "HRP 2018", - "confidence": 0.6013184785842896, - "start": 102, - "end": 104 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7439812421798706, - "start": 27, - "end": 28 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.7679135203361511, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2018", - "confidence": 0.5836663246154785, - "start": 103, - "end": 104 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "matrices", - "confidence": 0.5454285740852356, - "start": 336, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "interview findings", - "confidence": 0.5604462623596191, - "start": 319, - "end": 321 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Turkey hub", - "confidence": 0.7296648621559143, - "start": 445, - "end": 447 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "sector leads", - "confidence": 0.7814044952392578, - "start": 329, - "end": 331 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "matrix", - "confidence": 0.5679290890693665, - "start": 459, - "end": 460 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8214433789253235, - "start": 520, - "end": 521 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8076615333557129, - "start": 522, - "end": 523 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_**1.2.2**_ _**Project PRA: interview findings**_\n\n\nDespite the humanitarian leadership\u2019s\ninstruction that inclusion of PRA in projects\nwas mandatory, there was a relatively\nweak compliance rate with only 65% of\nsector-approved projects completing PRAs\n(including constructive and nonconstructive PRAs) and 35% of projects\nhaving no mention whatsoever of PRAs.\nThe interviews revealed that the main\nreasons for non-compliance were:\n\n_Figure 4: Key constraints for compliance, as per the interviewees_\n\n\n - Concept was not clear and \u201cconfusing\u201d (many equated their confusion with the PRA to similar\nconfusion with long-standing elements in the HRP such as gender marker, environment, and\nAccountability to Affected Populations).\n\n - Many project proposals mixed PRA with operational risks.\n\n - Lack of knowledge/proper training sessions on the rationale and how to do PRA.\n\n - No dedicated section in the OPS for PRA led to the PRA being written in different parts of the\nOPS project template: sometimes in the objectives, or in the activities and outputs, or even in\nthe indicators and targets sections.\n\n - Many sector leads did not have time to provide constructive feedback about PRA during the\nprojects reviews. Some coordinators stated their focus was mainly on the technical parts of the\nprojects, and they therefore might have approved a large number of projects without any\nmention of PRA. On the other hand, many other coordinators made clear that any project\nwithout a PRA was not be approved. However, due to time constraints and interest of ensuring\na project was approved in time for the HRP timeline, approval in many cases was based on\nsimply ensuring the mention of a PRA and not on the quality of the text.\n\n - Some sector leads were not enthusiastic about the PRA requirement since they were not\nconvinced of the effectiveness of the process.\n\n - Some project submitters found some of the content of the PRA matrices generic. Sectoral\nmatrices done at WOS level and even some done at hub level, but which were overly\ngeneralized, did not capture the particularities of risks in different locations/contexts in Syria.\nSome of the mentioned risks were operational/implementation risks rather protection\nrisks/harming the beneficiaries/humanitarians.\n\n\n_**1.2.3**_ _**Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements**_\n\nRecommendations for improvements from the interviewees\u2019 include the following:\n\n\n - Provide interactive trainings to sector member agencies on how to do PRA. Trainings should\nnot be conducted during the busy time of the HRP preparations/deadlines. Trainings should\nbe conducted by protection specialists in both English & Arabic and should be close to the\nreality of the humanitarian workers in Syria, not based on generic concepts. Trainings should\ninclude good and weak samples of PRA analysis as a guidance document. Training workshops\nshould be short (half or one day) and explain in detail the differences between Do No Harm,\nprotection mainstreaming and a PRA. An online training module on PRA can be considered\nincluding real scenarios from the context.\n\n - PRA cannot be cost neutral. Cost and resources are essential to do PRA properly. Protection\ncoordinators should advise /offer technical support to all sectors and agencies in the drafting of\nthe PRA and provide constructive feedback.\n\n - It should be clear to the organizations that whatever is mentioned as protection risks in their\nproject proposals shall not affect the acceptance or the rejection of their projects. In this regard,\nit has been suggested to change the last column of the matrix \u201cAcceptable Level of Risks\u201d to\n\u201cNegative Impacts if Mitigating Measures Are Not in Place.\u201d\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA matrices", - "confidence": 0.9752622246742249, - "start": 358, - "end": 360 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9772297739982605, - "start": 395, - "end": 396 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA", - "confidence": 0.5113365650177002, - "start": 462, - "end": 463 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9483330249786377, - "start": 504, - "end": 505 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian workers", - "confidence": 0.9543800950050354, - "start": 501, - "end": 503 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "marking system like the gender marker, and to be done by a protection specialist.\n\n - One narrative box in the OPS to be dedicated for PRA. Segregation between risks and\nmitigating measures in the OPS dropdown menu help to avoid generic paragraphs.\n\n\n_**1.2.4**_ _**Review\u2019s recommendations on Compliance**_\n\n\n\n\n### **2. Impact:**\n\nThe below provides findings with regard to the impact of the PRA, based on Interviews with\nstakeholders.\n\n\nCoordinators and agencies were asked if the PRA had any impact/changed the way sectoral plans and\nprojects were thought-through, developed, submitted, and implemented. The interviews also discussed\nif the inclusion of the PRA led to a change, and if there was no PRA, would the sectors and/or the\nhumanitarian actors submitting projects have done a PRA or considered Do No Harm?\n\n\nThe following are summaries of the views expressed by the interviewees with regard to the PRA impact:\n\n\n\n\n - To a large extent, the PRA requirement made\npartners (especially the newly established\nNGOs) think about potential protection risks and\nintegrate mitigating measures. It acted as an\n\u201ceye-opener\u201d for many.\n\n - Some of the agencies even changed some\nproject activities that may entail potential\nprotection risks for the beneficiaries, and some\nothers identified mitigating measures that they\nwould not have thought about if the PRA exercise\nhad not been done.\n\n - On the other hand, the PRA requirement was\nseen by some as a \u201ctick the box\u201d process, as they\nfelt this exercise would be difficult to convert into\nreal actions on the ground.\n\n\n\n**Did the PRA have any positive impact/**\n**change on sectors/projects?**\n\n\n\n\n\n_Figure 5: Interviewees\u2019 responses on impact of PRA_\n\n_on sectors/projects_\n\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "are concept notes. If donors approve the concepts, they will ask for proper proposals which\nnormally include Do No Harm.\n\n- With no efficient follow-up, reviewing and monitoring, PRA could be just another routine task of\nthe HRP.\n\n\n**2.1** **Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements**\n\n\n- The PRA matrix, as well as the PRA sections in all projects should be assessed at the mid-year\nreview. This review process should be supported by the respective sector coordinators, and if\nasked by the sectors - protection specialists on the ground should be available to explain, help,\nassess and guide the implementers of the projects, not only the drafters, all year long.\n\n- To keep the discussion alive about the importance of PRA and to catch up with the fast\nchanging protection risks in different hubs, PRA should be included and discussed in each\nindividual sector meetings\u2019 agenda at least twice a year.\n\n- SSG should encourage donors who do not already do so to integrate PRA and DNH as a\nrequirement for funding requests (i.e. proposals submitted to donors directly). They may also\ninclude PRA in the projects\u2019 indicators as well as in the monitoring and evaluation process.\nTherefore, the PRA matrix should be forwarded to donors and they should use it or something\nlike it to a similar end.\n\n- \u201cProtection analysis\u201d data should be available to donors and agencies on the ground.\n\n- Protection analysis should be part of briefings and conflict overviews during regular meetings\nat all levels (e.g. WOS/Hub, technical and HCT). The provision of protection analysis to\ncoordinators and members should support the humanitarian actors to better measure (and\nadjust if necessary) their PRA and related impact. For example, protection monitoring reports\nshould be shared with all actors regularly.\n\n- Do No Harm should be promoted among all actors not only projects planners but also the local\nauthorities. The latter\u2019s capacity should be strengthened by their engagement in the PRA\norientation/training of the next HRP, as well as in the participation to regular induction sessions\nabout protection.\n\n- PRAs should be required elements not only for the HRP, but also for other interventions such\nas micro-plans, sectoral and inter-sectoral response plans, and so on.\n\n\n**2.2 Review\u2019s general findings and recommendations on PRA impact**\n\n\n\n\n### **3. Monitoring of the PRAs and risks**\n\nThe PRA of the Syria HRP 2017 did not aim (and never had the means/resources) to monitor and\nassess if the PRAs were adhered to. The challenges for simple project monitoring in the Syria context\nare extremely complex, and PRA monitoring would be even more so. As part of this review, however,\ncoordinators and project submitters were asked whether protection risks (which were highlighted in the\nPRAs) have arisen. How were they dealt with? Have the mitigating measures and any monitoring\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA matrix", - "confidence": 0.9820100665092468, - "start": 62, - "end": 64 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": { - "text": "Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements", - "confidence": 0.8614422082901001, - "start": 53, - "end": 58 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA matrix", - "confidence": 0.9405391216278076, - "start": 233, - "end": 235 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian actors", - "confidence": 0.6547642946243286, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "protection monitoring reports", - "confidence": 0.6972141861915588, - "start": 334, - "end": 337 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "humanitarian actors", - "confidence": 0.7550840973854065, - "start": 314, - "end": 316 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "monitoring systems something we should try to put in place, would we be able to respond if so and are\nthere risks associated with doing so?\n\n\nIn response, the interviewees almost all stated that there is no mechanism on the sectors\u2019 level to review\nor monitor the protection risks or the mitigating measures which were highlighted in each sector\u2019s matrix.\nSome agencies have complaints mechanisms/feedback boxes at distribution sites. Some organizations\nalso monitor through regular meetings with programme officers and reviewing reports. In addition, some\nhave community-based complaints mechanisms. In general, monitoring (not only of protection risks and\nmitigation, but in general) remains one of the hardest activities to do effectively and efficiently in the\ncontext of Syria \u2013 where remote management and/or access challenges are the norm.\n\n\n**3.1 Interviewees\u2019 recommendations for improvements in relation to monitoring**\n\n\n - There are some operational monitoring mechanisms in place, such as: Post Distribution\nMonitoring (PDM) or the Periodic Monitoring review (PMR) which can include some protection\nconsiderations in the next round. Protection specialists should advise on how to include\nprotection into the existing monitoring mechanisms.\n\n - PRAs should be integrated in projects and with dedicated indicators.\n\n - Monitoring needs to be downstream with project owners; it would be good to build the capacity\nof the project owners to monitor/provide them with tools. More resources are needed to do\nmonitoring and evaluation.\n\n - Third party monitoring would be great, not to solely identify mistakes but to monitor also risks\nand check if mitigating measures are in place.\n\n\n**3.2 Review\u2019s findings and recommendations on monitoring**\n\n### **4. Donor discussions**\n\nThe below is a summary of discussions with two donors, noting that requests for donor interviews for\nthis review were made to six major donors. The discussions linked to their views on the PRA, whether\nor not a PRA-like mechanism already is required by them, and their recommendations in taking the\nPRA forward.\n\n\n - Donors usually have their own humanitarian protection policy with an emphasis on protection\nrisks, and they use different terms like protection risks, centrality of protection, and protection\nmainstreaming to reflect their commitment to the Do No Harm Principle.\n\n - Those interviewed were very supportive of the PRA process which they believe was quite\nconsultative and they see the matrix as an achievement and good tool on the sector level.\nProtection sector should continue these efforts of support to other sectors in this regard.\n\n - In their view, the PRA reflects good programming practice. On the other hand, it is very hard to\nmonitor this process. In order to convince partners to use PRA, they have to see the positive\n\n\n[5https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/TOOLS%20to%20assist%20in%20implementing%20the%2](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/TOOLS%20to%20assist%20in%20implementing%20the%20IASC%20AAP%20Commitments.pdf)\n[0IASC%20AAP%20Commitments.pdf](https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/TOOLS%20to%20assist%20in%20implementing%20the%20IASC%20AAP%20Commitments.pdf)\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Donor discussions", - "confidence": 0.9762049317359924, - "start": 318, - "end": 320 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "six major donors", - "confidence": 0.7164015173912048, - "start": 345, - "end": 348 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "sample of beneficiaries in different locations.\n\n - Training on PRA would be crucial for the implementation of the process, especially if it is\ncontextualized per each hub.\n\n - While the donors interviewed encourage the projects they are funding to be part of the HRP or\n\u201cthe coordination bodies in general,\u201d they also can fund projects outside the HRP.\n### **5. Summary of the interviews\u2019 minority views**\n\nThe following are views expressed by a small number of the participants, which the review feels helpful\nto share and/or obliged in the spirit of transparency. These were recommendations/views which were\nnot adopted as part of the main findings due to the small number of persons expressing this, and/or the\nimpracticability of applying these to the PRA for the HRP. Some are, nevertheless, helpful ideas to\napply in the future and/or beyond this review.\n\n\n - PRA should not be mandatory. \u201cAgencies should be convinced of including a PRA otherwise it\nwould be useless.\u201d \u201cIt was the understanding at the HRP workshop that PRA will not be another\nburden.\u201d\n\n - Protection analysis should be deepened in each sector strategy, possibly in the form of\ndedicating a chapter on comprehensive protection strategy. Such a chapter shall include up-todate protection analysis and surveys, for example on vulnerable groups in a specific\ngeographical area. It should not be only protection and human rights driven but also evidence\nbased. This analysis should be translated into clear indicators in quantitative and qualitative\nmanners. This specification of targets is itself a protection strategy. Projects submitted under\nthe sector framework should clearly indicate which of these specific targets have been taken\non by those particular projects. That would be more practical than an addition of PRA.\n\n - Application of a protection marker guided by the framework that the sector developed. But\nquestions remain, who does the marker: 1) self-assessment, 2) the sector (peer review from\nother partners in the sector), or 3) a third party?\n### **6. Conclusion and summary of key recommendations**\n\nThe review concludes that the PRA was a worthwhile exercise and despite some challenges, it did\nmake a positive difference in the response. The Do No Harm imperative is the responsibility of all\nsectors and humanitarian actors, and the PRA is a tool which facilitates addressing this imperative\nacross the board.\n\n\n**The PRA should, therefore, continue as a practice in the next HRP. The practice**\n**should also be applied (with appropriate adjustments) to other response efforts**\n**such as the development of inter-sector response plans.**\n\n\nDespite the achievements, improvements can be made particularly to the process of rolling-out the PRA\nguidance. Challenges should have been expected considering this was the first time the PRA was rolled\nout, and it was done relatively late in the planning cycle process. In this respect, the PRA compliance\nand impact were a success. **With the adjustments to the process as detailed in the**\n**recommendations below, the process should be smoother and more compliant and impactful.**\n\n\nThe Review, however, reiterates that the PRA serves as a tool to support the sectors and project\nimplementers do what they must (regardless of the PRA\u2019s existence), that is comply with the Do No\nHarm imperative. The Protection Sector can remain guardians of guidance and advice, but it is not the\nsector\u2019s responsibility to ensure a PRA. The PRA exercise must not become a \u201ctick-the-box\u201d exercise.\nIt should therefore remain light and flexible, so that it can be adjusted by sectors and actors to meet\ntheir needs. It should also be required only if there is no other source of evidence which demonstrates\nefforts are made by sectors and by all humanitarian actors to Do No Harm.\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "surveys", - "confidence": 0.7341427803039551, - "start": 244, - "end": 245 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "specific\ngeographical area", - "confidence": 0.6361790299415588, - "start": 253, - "end": 256 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "vulnerable groups", - "confidence": 0.9747552275657654, - "start": 249, - "end": 251 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "For ease of reference, the Review\u2019s recommendations are repeated below:\n\n\n**6.1 On compliance:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**6.2 On impact:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**6.3 On monitoring:**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "|Whole of Syria|Syria Hub|Turkey Hub|Jordan Hub|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|
1-Coordination
2-Early Recovery &
Livelihood
3-Education
4-Food Security &
Agriculture
5-Health
6-Protection
7-Shelter/NFI
8-WASH|9-Early Recovery &
Livelihood
10-Education
11-Food Security &
Agriculture
12-Logistics
13-NFI
14-Protection
15-Protection GBV|16-CCCM
17-Coordination
18-Early Recovery &
Livelihood
19-Education
20-Health
21-Logistics
22-Shelter/NFI
23-WASH|24-Education
25-Food Security &
Agriculture
26-Protection
27-Shelter/NFI|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|UN Organizations|Donors|NGOs|\n|---|---|---|\n|28-IOM
29-UNDP
30-UNRWA
31-WFP
32-WHO
33-UNHCR|34-European
Commission
35-USAID|*Names of national and
international NGOs
interviewed are anonymized.
A number of the sector
coordinators also include
NGOs|\n\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **ANNEX 2: Terms of Reference for the Review**\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk\nAssessment\n\n\n**Background:**\n\n\nThe humanitarian response inside Syria is one of the largest and most complex in the world. The conflict\nand access situation, combined with diverse programming \u2013 often through remote management and\ncross-border delivery \u2013 result in numerous challenges and risks in carrying out activities. While\nprotection mainstreaming efforts by individual actors and through clusters have been made, there\nremain gaps and concerns: \u201cCommunities are highly reliant on assistance, with a dependency on aid\nreported in 90 per cent of surveyed sub-districts. There are physical safety and security issues at\ndistributions due to targeted attacks, the risk of sexual exploitation, and the potential for inter-communal\nviolence and tensions between IDPs and host communities. The perception that assistance is\ndiscriminatory often contributes to these protection issues.\u201d\n\n\nIn 2017, the Whole of Syria protection sector proposed a shift from a \u201cmainstreaming\u201d approach to a\nstrategy that promotes and supports \u201cdo no harm\u201d programming across the response, and increases\nopportunities for a multi-sectoral approach to addressing protection threats and risks experienced by\naffected communities.\n\n\nAs a step to achieve the above, all sectors/clusters were required to carry out sectoral-level Protection\nRisk Assessments/Analyses (\u201cPRA\u201d) for the 2017 HRP. At the project level, all organizations submitting\nHRP projects were required to demonstrate evidence of how they reflected upon and ensured efforts\nto Do-No-Harm. Each HRP project was required to include a brief paragraph in its narrative highlighting\nany key protection risks and mitigating measures needed/planned in implementing their specific project.\n\n\nThe PRA aimed to be _mandatory_ for all actors involved in the HRP/humanitarian response, but also\n_light_ in terms of process. At a minimum, it aimed to require all sectors to have a collective view on the\npotential protection risks of their strategy/activities (\u201cwhat could do harm?\u201d) and how they could mitigate\nthose risks. It also aimed to ensure that all humanitarian actors delivering assistance had a part of this\nsectoral view, and also dedicated time to think through in their own programming \u2013 what are the risks\nand would could we do to mitigate them. While many agencies/actors were already doing this, there\nwas no requirement, _per se_, and no overarching view or guidance. The PRA was a step to resolve this,\nwhile acknowledging its limitations, i.e. that the PRA alone would not address the risks, but the process\nof doing it could lead to agencies more responsibly ensuring a do no harm approach..\n\n\n**Objectives of the review:**\n\n\nThe review should provide the following:\n\n\n - **Compliance** : All sectors and HRP submissions were required to complete PRAs. The review\nshould provide the compliance rates, per sector. It should also analyse the content as to\nwhether or not the PRAs completed were thoughtfully done (in terms of process and\nconsultations amongst coordinators/hubs and most importantly amongst actors. This includes\nwhether analysis was done at WOS or hub level, and respective pros/cons). Did coordinators,\nin their project review, check for compliance and send projects back for review/revision if no (or\na poor quality) PRA was included? If there were faults or gaps, what were the causes and what\nrecommendations are there to improve it (ranging from guidance, training, senior-level\nmessaging, translations, tools such as OPS, etc.)\n\n - **Impact:** Did this have any impact/change on the way sectoral plans and projects were thought\nthrough, developed, submitted, and implemented? Did the inclusion of the PRA lead to a\nchange? If there was no PRA, would the sectors and/or the humanitarian actors submitting\nprojects have done a PRA or considered DNH? If yes, how?\n\n - **Monitoring** : While we do not have the resources to comprehensively assess if the PRAs (in\nsectors and projects) were adhered to; we can anecdotally survey (through interviews) whether\nprotection risks (which were highlighted in the PRAs) have arisen. How were they dealt with?\nHave the mitigating measures and any monitoring systems been put in practice (e.g. AAP\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sectoral-level Protection\nRisk Assessments/Analyses", - "confidence": 0.9651992917060852, - "start": 243, - "end": 249 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": { - "text": "PRA", - "confidence": 0.6831324696540833, - "start": 251, - "end": 252 - }, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.7958313822746277, - "start": 179, - "end": 180 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5905407071113586, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9355180859565735, - "start": 174, - "end": 175 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA", - "confidence": 0.6416676044464111, - "start": 452, - "end": 453 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRA", - "confidence": 0.7683649063110352, - "start": 624, - "end": 625 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "PRAs", - "confidence": 0.8893096446990967, - "start": 759, - "end": 760 - }, - "dataset_tag": null, - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.5538320541381836, - "start": 826, - "end": 827 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.5833843946456909, - "start": 828, - "end": 829 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "should try to put in place, would we be able to respond if so and are there risks associated?\n\n\n**Deliverable:**\n\n\nAs a result of this review, a report will be delivered detailing findings on the three key areas, as well as\nrecommendations for how the PRA and related tools (e.g. matrix, inclusion in projects through OPS,\ntrainings, guidance, etc.) can be improved.\n\n\n**Approach/Required elements:**\n\n\nThe review lead will have to:\na. Review all relevant documentation (including guidance, HRP, sectoral PRA matrices, OPS project\nsubmissions)\nb. Prepare interview questions and lists, and carry out interviews with:\n\ni. A representative sample of different sector coordinators (hub and WOS)\nii. OCHA leads involved in the HRP\niii. A representative sample of UN agencies, INGOs, and Syrian NGOs which submitted\nprojects on OPS.\niv. Select group of donors.\nc. Travel to all hubs for the above meetings.\nd. Prepare draft report for review and consideration by sector leads at WOS and hub levels as well as\nOCHA.\n\n\n**Timeline:**\n\n\nThe review must be ready in sufficient time for recommendations to be incorporated into the HPC 2018\nprocess (e.g. updates to OPS, inclusion in guidance, etc.). This deadline is being confirmed with OCHA\nGeneva, but a first draft of the report should be available by 31 May. The final report by 15 June.\n\n\n**Reporting line:**\n\n\nThe review will be done under the supervision of the Whole of Syria Protection Cluster coordinator, and\nwith close consultation with OCHA and select volunteers from amongst other clusters and hubs.\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment", - "confidence": 0.627738356590271, - "start": 335, - "end": 341 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities", - "confidence": 0.8644264936447144, - "start": 327, - "end": 333 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.9906913638114929, - "start": 304, - "end": 305 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.9976003766059875, - "start": 337, - "end": 338 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.583634078502655, - "start": 343, - "end": 344 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_\u201cWe are aware that attempts to provide humanitarian assistance may sometimes have unintended adverse_\n_effects. In collaboration with affected communities and authorities, we aim to minimise any negative effects of_\n_humanitarian action on the local community or on the environment. With respect to armed conflict, we recognise_\n_that the way in which humanitarian assistance is provided may potentially render civilians more vulnerable to_\n_attack, or may on occasion bring unintended advantage to one or more of the parties to the conflict. We are_\n_committed to minimising any such adverse effects...\u201d \u2013The Humanitarian Charter (Sphere Handbook)_\n\n\nThis note provides guidance to all sectors/clusters to carry out (sectoral-level) and support (projectlevel) Protection Risk [6] Assessments/Analyses for the 2017 HRP as agreed during the HPC workshop\nin September 2016. To recall those discussions, making best efforts to avoid doing harm is an\n**Imperative** . It is each individual sectors\u2019 (and in turn sector members\u2019) **Responsibility** to make every\neffort to address this imperative. The protection risk analysis is a tool to support sectors and members\nin fulfilling their responsibility and provides an **Evidence** base that we have made efforts to not do harm.\n\n\n**Expected deliverables:**\n\n\n\n1. **Sectoral level** : Each sector will ensure a Do No Harm and Protection Risk Analysis as part of\n\n\n\nits Sectoral Strategy development. Each sector should, at minimum:\n\n\n\na. Identify potential protection risks that may arise from the implementation of your sector\nstrategy **(at HRP activity level)** .\nb. Detail mitigating measures for these risks.\nc. Identify existing/required resources for mitigating and monitoring these risks in 2017.\n\n\n\n**DELIVERABLE 1a: Hub-level sectoral protection risk analysis matrix completed (by hubs with cluster\nmembers) by or before 16 October and shared with respective WOS Sector Coordinators and cluster\nmembers.\n\n\n**DELIVERABLE 1b: WOS Sector Coordinators submit consolidated (from all hubs) protection risk\nanalysis matrix and relevant paragraph (to be inserted into the HRP sector chapter) to OCHA and to\nWOS Protection (hepps@unhcr.org) by or before 28 October.\n\n\n2. **Project level:** Organisations submitting HRP projects must demonstrate evidence of how they\n\nreflected upon and ensured efforts to Do-No-Harm. Each project will be required to include a\nbrief paragraph in its narrative (in the \u201cActivities\u201d box in OPS) highlighting any key protection\nrisks and mitigating measures needed/planned in implementing their specific project.\n\n\n**DELIVERABLE 2: All projects uploaded to OPS include paragraph related to protection risks and\nmitigating measures in relation to the specific project submission.\n\n\n**Process (in chronological order):**\n\n\n\n1. This guidance is circulated to and read by all hub-level cluster/sector coordinators and\n\nmembers (timing: ASAP).\n\n\nhubs/sectors. This should require a maximum one hour agenda item at hub inter-cluster/sector\nmeeting.\n3. **Sector/Cluster coordinators, with members,** facilitate hub-level Protection Risk Analysis (at\n\nActivity Level) for their Sector Response Plan. This would likely be done during a hub-level\nsectoral meeting [7] using the tool provided by WOS Protection Sector. **(Timing: as soon as**\n**sector plan \u201cActivities\u201d are agreed, no later than 16 October).** The purpose of this process\nis: a) to ensure each sector plan at hub level (i.e. as close to operations as possible) has\n\n\n\n6 This analysis is concerned with risks that have a direct impact on the person in need. While relevant to the response generally,\nthis analysis is not concerned with compliance/financial-related (e.g. procurement) risks.\n7 If the sector is doing WOS-wide meetings on the sector plans it can be done during these meetings, however, it is essential the\nmeeting is attended by cluster members (i.e. implementing agencies) and not just coordinators.\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Hub-level sectoral protection risk analysis matrix", - "confidence": 0.9551551342010498, - "start": 336, - "end": 342 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "WOS Sector Coordinators", - "confidence": 0.7160741090774536, - "start": 359, - "end": 362 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2017", - "confidence": 0.8752292990684509, - "start": 329, - "end": 330 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "to demonstrate the concept to members (i.e. implementers) so they understand it and can do\na similar (albeit lighter and more specific) analysis for their individual projects. Depending on\nthe complexity of the sector plan and number of partners, a 1-3 hour session with partners is\nrequired (i.e. it is expected each cluster/sector will organise its own meeting in the context of\nrolling-out HRP guidance, and this can be a stand-alone session or one of the agenda items).\nDepending on timing and availability, Protection sector colleagues can attend at a\nsector\u2019s/cluster\u2019s request.\n4. Results of number 3 (i.e. completed sectoral-level protection risk analysis table) should be\n\n\nrisk questions are considered and include a relevant paragraph in project submissions (as per\nthis guidance). **(Timing: in line with OPS project submission deadlines)** .\n6. **WOS Sector Coordinators** consolidate hub-level analyses and submit to OCHA and WOS\n\nProtection (hepps@unhcr.org). **(Timing: no later than 28 October)** .\n7. **WOS Sector Coordinators** complete paragraphs related to Protection Risk Analysis (to be\n\ninserted in HRP sector plan chapters) and submit to OCHA and WOS Protection\n(hepps@unhcr.org). **(Timing: no later than 28 October)** .\n8. **All Coordinators**, during project review, should ensure the relevant text is included and\n\ncoherently presented in each project submission. **(Timing: in line with project review**\n**deadlines)** .\n9. Following HRP completion, **Protection sector** will consult other coordinators to take stock of\n\nthis effort, including its content, impact, and any follow-up necessary. **(Timing: after HRP**\n**process)** .\n\n\n\n**Substance \u2013 The Analysis:**\n\n\nThe recommended tool for the **sectoral level analysis** is the below table (including guiding questions\nand an example).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Activity|Protection
Risk/Threat|Likelihood|Impact|Mitigating Measure|Monitoring|Resources
Required|Acceptabl
e Level of
Risk|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|
_List the_
_\"Activity\"_
_in your_
_Sector_
_Respons_
_e Plan._|
_What are the_
_keyProtection_
_risks_
_beneficiaries or_
_humanitarians_
_may be exposed_
_to through this_
_activity's_
_implementation?_|
_What is the_
_likelihood_
_of this risk_
_actually_
_occurring?_|
_What_
_would be_
_the level_
_of impact_
_on_
_beneficiar_
_ies_
_and/or_
_humanita_
_rian_
_workers?_|
_What are ways we_
_could reduce the risk_
_or weaken its impact?_
|
_How can we_
_monitor for this_
_risk?_|
_What_
_resources, if_
_any, would be_
_required to_
_mitigate_
_and/or monitor_
_the risk?_
|
_Is this an_
_acceptable_
_level of_
_risk? Do_
_we go_
_forward_
_with the_
_activity?_|\n|
Example


Provision
of NFI
packages.|Increased risk of
inter-community
tension due to
varied assistance
packages across
members|High|
High|1. Agree to minimum
assistance package
across sector.
2. Assess and validate
any changes before they
occur.
3. Identify and exclude
from variance any items
particularly prone to
create tensions.|1. Include item
variance monitoring
in M&E.
2. Monitor for
correlation between
assistance varying
packages and inter-
community tensions.|1. Human
resources to
analyse data on
assistance
variation(s).
2. Protection
sector
assistance
during the
analysis.|Yes/No|\n\n\n\nPrior to carrying out the analysis at sector level, it is recommended that sector coordinators also review\nthe (two page) Sphere Project Guidance on this exercise. These two pages alone, along with your\nknowledge of the operational and sectoral context, provide sufficient guidance and prompts for carrying\nout the analysis. The guidance can be found at: **[http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/protection-](http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/protection-principle-1-avoid-exposing-people-to-further-harm-as-a-result-of-your-actions/)**\n**[principle-1-avoid-exposing-people-to-further-harm-as-a-result-of-your-actions/](http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/protection-principle-1-avoid-exposing-people-to-further-harm-as-a-result-of-your-actions/)**\n\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 18\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sectoral-level protection risk analysis table", - "confidence": 0.9601464867591858, - "start": 130, - "end": 135 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "supporting" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Displaced Persons_ also provides specific and brief sections on protection risks related to: _Food,_\n_Nutrition, WASH, Health, Education, and Livelihoods._ (See relevant sections of Part IV of the Handbook\nwhich can be found at: http://www.unhcr.org/protection/idps/4c2355229/handbook-protectioninternally-displaced-persons.html). Sectors and members are, of course, invited to contact the\nProtection sector with any questions or for further advice.\n\n\nFor the **Project level analysis**, considering the wide variety of projects and diverse partner capacities\nand working modalities of different clusters/sectors/hubs, it is expected that each coordinator will tailor\nthe process as appropriate to their members. It is recommended that organisations submitting HRP\nprojects, when doing their individual analysis, have at minimum the sectoral-level protection analysis,\nand the two page Sphere Project Guidance. Based upon these documents (and their\nexperience/exposure during the sectoral level analysis) they can ensure an internal reflection upon their\nproposed project, the protection risks and mitigating measures, and can document this in the project\nnarrative as required.\n\n\nTOR final version: 3 Oct. 2016 (ver. 2)\n\n\n-----------------------------------------End of document----------------------------------------\n\nReview of Compliance, Impact and Monitoring opportunities for the Syria HRP 2017 Protection Risk Assessment I August 2017 I 19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/7ee7dcc3-95d8-3037-8469-9763f5944eb2/wos-pra-review-13-aug-2017.en_.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_96/raw/doc_96_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_96/raw/doc_96_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 0db3959b2d92826c9dec7610d81b00ce68d65ea7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_96/raw/doc_96_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Partnership Note**\n## ON FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, LOCAL FAITH COMMUNITIES AND FAITH LEADERS\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\nCase Postale 2500, 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland\n\nTel: +41-22-739-8111, Fax: +41-22-739-7353, www.unhcr.org\n\nEditors (Research and analysis): Volker T\u00fcrk, Jos\u00e9 Riera and Marie-Claude Poirier\n\nOriginal: English\nFrench translation: Catherine Delebecq\n\nCover photo: Sudan / IDPs from Abyei in Mayen Abun / The church of Mayen Abun offers\nshelter to a few hundred persons during the night. Since clashes started in the disputed\narea of Abyei on 21 May 2011, over 120,000 people have fled southwards. After fighting\nbroke out between the army of Sudan (SAF) and the Sudan\u2019s People Liberation Army\n(SPLA) on May 20, 2011, tens of thousands of people fled the disputed area into South\nSudan. In the early days of the crisis, UNHCR provided assistance in the form of shelter,\nfamily tracing, and monitoring. Mayen Abun, Turalei and Wau were some of the most\nimportant locations where people fled to. \u00a9 UNHCR / A. Zevenbergen\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR, 2014\n\nLayout and Design: BakOS DESIGN\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Acknowledgements**\n\nThe development of this Partnership Note in follow-up to the High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue on _Faith and Protection_\n(December 2012) benefited greatly from the enthusiastic support of a number of leading faith-based organizations\nand UN partners.\n\n\nUNHCR would like to take this opportunity to recognize the tireless efforts of Act for Peace \u2013 Australia, the Anglican\nCommunion, Caritas Internationalis, Church World Service, HIAS (Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society), International\nCatholic Migration Commission, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Jesuit Refugee Service, Lutheran World Federation,\nRabbis for Human Rights \u2013 Israel, the World Council of Churches, and World Vision International, and to add a\nspecial word of thanks to the following individuals for their time, expertise and invaluable support: Bruno, Fabienne,\nCarole, Angela, Rano, Mercedes, Faby, Jeff, Helen, Rachel, Firas, Jason, James, Atallah, Mark, Azza, Nava, Ralie, Lisa,\nMichael, Ramesh, Sally, Angelo, Melissa, Volker, Janet, Ingeborg, Tomas, Elena, Mahmoud, Clare, Beris, Tha\u00efs, Fulata,\nDeepika, Rev. Sugino, Bishop Younan, Nopadol, Alison, Ann, Jozef, Karl, Annabelle, Sybella, Ruth and the Liouds.\n\n\nUNHCR was also inspired by the evidence-based research produced by the Joint Learning Initiative on Local\nand Faith Communities (JLI). Its Scoping Review on \u2018Local faith communities and the promotion of resilience in\nhumanitarian situations\u2019 was important to the thinking behind all areas of the follow-up to the Dialogue on _Faith and_\n_Protection._\n\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS),\nthe United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) as well as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)\nsupported UNHCR\u2019s efforts in this area by sharing knowledge and experiences, and through their own extensive\nconsultations and policy-related work. Collaboration on a strategic learning exchange with the United Nations\nSystem Staff College (UNSSC), UNFPA and UNAIDS also provided UNHCR staff with the opportunity to explore the\nlinkages between faith and development, health and humanitarian work, and to share their experience of engaging\nwith faith actors in the course of their respective work. The strategic learning exchange took place on 22-24 October\n2013 in Rome, Italy and will again be held in 2014 in a location to be determined. This is only the beginning of a long\njourney.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Table of contents**\n\n1. Background..............................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\n2. Purpose **.** ...................................................................................................................................................................................7\n\n\n3. Faith and humanitarian responses **.** ......................................................................................................................................8\n\n\n4. The challenges of partnership **.** ..............................................................................................................................................9\n\n\n5. Good practice examples.......................................................................................................................................................10\n\n\n6. Principles to guide UNHCR\u2019s partnerships with faith actors **.** ........................................................................................12\n\n\n7. Putting partnership principles into practice **.** ....................................................................................................................14\n\n\nAnnex A \u2013 Contributors to the Survey on good practice examples...................................................................................17\n\n\nAnnex B \u2013 Affirmation of Welcome.......................................................................................................................................18\n\n\nReferences and additional resources **.** .....................................................................................................................................21\n\n\nThe daughter (5 years old) of a woman living with HIV. Her mother says she also likes to stay at\nthe monastery because she can speak freely with other people living with HIV.\n\u00a9 UNAIDS/Kyaw Kyaw Winn\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. Background**\n\n1.1 UNHCR recently embarked on a \u2018journey of mutual discovery\u2019 with faith-based organizations by exploring\nthe role of faith in humanitarian responses. In December 2012, the fifth High Commissioner\u2019s Dialogue\non Protection Challenges was held on the theme of _Faith and Protection._ The Dialogue assembled over 400\nrepresentatives of faith-based organizations, faith leaders and other partners for a two-day discussion in Geneva\non partnership with faith-based actors.\n\n\n1.2 This was the first formal multi-faith dialogue UNHCR ever engaged in and explored the common values\nunderpinning the notion of refugee protection in all of the world\u2019s major religions. It also fostered deeper\nappreciation for and understanding of the role religion and spirituality plays in the lives of those UNHCR\nserves.\n\n\n1.3 Participants in the Dialogue on _Faith and Protection_ ffurther recognized the importance of UNHCR\u2019s existing\nand potential partnerships with faith-based organizations, especially to improve the protection of person\nof concern to the organization (e.g. refugees, asylum-sekers, stateless persons and the internally displaced).\nParticipants strongly reaffirmed the key principles underpinning humanitarian work [1] (i.e. impartiality, nondiscrimination, respect for the beliefs of others, diversity, empowerment, equality, humanity, and protection\nagainst any form of conditionality), and acknowledged the need to respond to humanitarian situations\naccording to these principles.\n\n\n1.4 At the close of the event, the High Commissioner underscored \u201cthe valuable contributions that faith\norganizations and communities make to the protection of refugees and the displaced.\u201d He highlighted a number\nof concrete suggestions for follow-up, which included a call to develop guidance on \u2018faith literacy\u2019 for UNHCR\nstaff. The present Partnership Note has been prepared pursuant to this request.\n\n\n1 For a full description of the principles, see ICRC, \u201cCode of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent\nMovement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief\u201d, 1995. http://goo.gl/ApRSlr The Code of\nConduct has been subscribed by over 520 organizations.\n\n\n6 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Burkina Faso / Goudoubo / Malian refugees get ready to break the fast in Goudoubo refugee camp. The camp hosts some 10,000\nrefugees who fled a violent conflict that erupted in northern Mali in early 2012. Respecting the traditions at Ramadan time is\nimportant for the refugees, who hope to celebrate Ramadan back home next year. \u00a9 UNHCR / H. Caux\n\n### **2. Purpose**\n\n\n2.1 This Partnership Note sets out broad guidance for UNHCR staff about engaging with, reaching out to and\npartnering with faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders. Given the diversity of\ncontexts in which UNHCR operates, this guidance should be adapted to local circumstances and realities and\ncan be a source of inspiration for the work of the UN, other international organisations, non-governmental and\ncommunity-based organizations and many others.\n\n\n2.2 The Note:\n\n - \u0007describes UNHCR\u2019s understanding of the range of faith actors and\nthe role they play in humanitarian responses;\n\n - \u0007flags challenges of partnership and red lines;\n\n - \u0007identifies examples of good practice and lessons learned from existing partnerships in the field;\n\n - \u0007highlights principles that are a point of departure for dialogue and\ncooperation with faith actors and communities;\n\n - sets out actions and activities to put these principles into practice.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **3. Faith and humanitarian** **responses**\n\n3.1 The United Nations is a secular organization. Since its\ncreation in 1950, UNHCR has nevertheless engaged with\nfaith-based organizations, faith communities and faith\nleaders in carrying out its work. This partnership has\nproven its value over the years and yielded substantial\nprotection and other benefits for persons of concern to\nthe Office. Concrete examples are provided throughout\nthis text.\n\n\n3.2 UNHCR is committed to adopting a coherent approach\nto partnership in this area. These partnerships are\nespecially relevant in cases where faith actors play an\nimportant role at local level and are actively engaged in\nmeeting the needs of forcibly displaced populations. As\nactive members of civil society, faith actors and their\norganizations can leverage significant social, physical\nand spiritual assets for the benefit of those UNHCR\nserves. Strengthening partnerships is further a goal of the\nwider humanitarian reform process that aims to improve\nthe effectiveness of humanitarian response. Finally,\nfaith actors are widely present in all parts of a given\ncountry due to their vast networks. Their presence does\nnot necessarily depend upon external or international\nfunding. They often remain long after international\nattention has faded, and funding has declined.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **4. The challenges of partnership**\n\n4.1 Partnership is not a unilateral undertaking and must be viewed from the perspective of both UNHCR and\nfaith actors. UNHCR, like the broader humanitarian community, is committed to upholding humanitarian\nprinciples and ensuring that protection underpins all activities. In partnership with faith actors, therefore,\nUNHCR must be clear that it will not engage in partnerships that are contrary to these principles. In particular,\nUNHCR support cannot be used for proselytising or imposing conditions on delivering aid that are contrary to\nhumanitarian principles. On the other hand, it must be recognized that faith actors are occasionally confronted\nwith humanitarian actors who appear to have a bias against them. The challenges of partnership need to be\nviewed from both perspectives if they are to be overcome, particularly through the positive changes in attitudes\nand approaches that this Note espouses. [3]\n\n\n4.2 From our perspective, the most difficult challenges are presented when faith actors promote:\n\n - Antagonism towards or exclusion of members of other faith backgrounds;\n\n - \u0007Hate speech or incitement to violence directed against individuals or communities of another faith;\n\n - \u0007Proselytization and pressure to convert as a pre-condition for continued support;\n\n - \u0007Early marriage or other harmful traditional practices;\n\n - \u0007Gender stereotypes and disregard for the specific rights of women, boys and girls and vulnerabilities in\ncontexts where sexual and gender-based violence and negative coping mechanisms are widespread;\n\n - \u0007Stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV/AIDS;\n\n - \u0007Stigma and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender\nand intersex (LGBTI) individuals and networks.\n\n\n4.3 UNHCR staff reported that partnering with local faith communities can become a source of frustration and\nmisunderstanding when the latter lack familiarity with the Office\u2019s processes and procedures, including its\nstrategic priorities and notions of risk and vulnerability, or when they may simply not have the desire to serve\nas \u2018implementing partners\u2019. Other documented challenges and concerns about partnering with faith actors,\nespecially local faith communities and faith leaders, include power inequalities that appear to be inherent in the\nmodels of interaction between faith-based service-providers and persons in need of protection. Charity-based\napproaches can neglect rights-based approaches to humanitarian assistance. In complex emergency situations,\nUNHCR staff also recorded that coordination posed the greatest challenge to partnering with local faith\ncommunities, their networks and community-based organizations.\n\n\n4.4 But partnership with UNHCR poses specific challenges for faith-based organizations as well, beyond the issue\nof staff attitudes described earlier. One factor is the inherent inequality of power between a large international\norganization and a small local institution. Another is UNHCR\u2019s procedures and requirements, which faith-based\norganizations may be unable or unwilling to satisfy. Another important challenge for them is the fact that staff\nrotation may affect UNHCR\u2019s institutional memory and presence in the deep field, with the risk of calling into\nquestion long-standing positive cooperation.\n\n\n3 The principles of partnership established by the Global Humanitarian Platform provide five helpful principles which\nalso need to be applied to faith actors specifically: equality, transparency, results-oriented approach, responsibility and\ncomplementarity. See Global Humanitarian Platform, \u201cPrinciples of Partnership\u201d, July 2007. http://goo.gl/76Fu8m\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo / 2013 Nansen Award winner / Sister Ang\u00e9lique Namaika instructs a literacy class near the\ntown of Dungu, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo on 1 August, 2013. Literacy in Lingala language is one of\nseveral skills that Sister Ang\u00e9lique teaches local people \u2013 many of whom are IDPs (Internally Displaced People) who have been\nresettled following attacks by armed groups. \u00a9 UNHCR/B. Sokol\n\n### **5. Good practice examples**\n\n\n5.1 Notwithstanding the challenges for both sides described above, faith-based organizations, local faith\ncommunities and faith leaders contribute to saving lives, defending rights and giving spiritual sustenance,\nincluding by:\n\n - providing physical protection and facilitating humanitarian access;\n\n - deterring violence through presence and accompaniment;\n\n - \u0007mediating tensions between refugees/internally displaced persons and\nhost communities in conflict or post-conflict situations;\n\n - engaging in reconciliation and peace-building activities;\n\n - combating xenophobia and discrimination;\n\n - preventing and responding to SGBV or forced recruitment;\n\n - improving reception conditions and accompanying the detained;\n\n - providing legal counselling and asylum case-management;\n\n - advocating for legislative changes benefitting persons of concern;\n\n - supporting refugee resettlement and/or local integration.\n\n\n10 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5.2 This section provides examples of instances where\ncooperation between UNHCR and faith-based actors\nhas yielded \u2018protection dividends\u2019 for forcibly displaced\npersons. The nature of this cooperation can vary depending upon whether faith actors are UNHCR \u2018implementing\npartners\u2019, \u2018operational partners\u2019 or \u2018informal partners\u2019 in\nprotection networks or for the purposes of advocacy. The\nexamples are drawn from a survey conducted by UNHCR\nand a coalition of faith-based organizations. The Survey\nidentified examples of good practices and shed light on\nthe breadth of existing \u2013and potential \u2013partnerships between faith-based organizations and UNHCR at all stages\nof the refugee and forced displacement cycle. A number\nare summarized here, by way of example.\n\n\n5.3 A total of 23 examples were submitted by UNHCR staff,\nand 32 examples by faith-based organizations and local\nfaith communities. [4] (See **Annex A** for the complete list of\ncontributors to the Survey on good practice examples.)\nThe following section gives examples drawn from\nUNHCR responses. [5]\n\n\n4 A preliminary overview of these examples, including from\nfaith-based organizations, is contained in two publications\nentitled \u201cOverview of the Survey on Good Practices Examples\u201d\n(http://goo.gl/nLdEeN) and \u201cAnalysis of the Survey on Good\nPractices Examples\u201d (http://goo.gl/YsFnFM).\n\n_5_ _Ibid._\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Survey on good practice examples", - "confidence": 0.985822856426239, - "start": 173, - "end": 178 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": { - "text": "Survey", - "confidence": 0.9341064095497131, - "start": 173, - "end": 174 - }, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.5520715713500977, - "start": 187, - "end": 188 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": null, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "faith-based organizations", - "confidence": 0.6944324374198914, - "start": 203, - "end": 205 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **6. Principles to guide UNHCR\u2019s partnerships** **with faith actors**\n\n6.1 From February through April 2013, a coalition of leading faith-based organizations and UNHCR developed\nguidance for faith leaders which aims to promote tolerance and respect for the human dignity and human rights\nof asylum-seekers and refugees, migrants, internally displaced and stateless persons.\n\n\n6.2 The text consists of 16 affirmations written in the first person that draw upon principles and values shared by\nthe world\u2019s major religions. The document provides faith leaders with an opportunity to affirm the role faith\ncommunities play to \u201cwelcome the stranger, the refugee, the internally displaced, the other [\u2026] to challenge\nintolerance [\u2026] and respect the right of the stranger to practice his or her own faith freely.\u201d\n\n\n6.3 The call to \u2018welcome the stranger\u2019 is a statement of belief flowing from principles of hospitality, respect and\nequality, as these are values that are deeply rooted in all major faiths. (See **Annex B** for the complete declaration\nfounded on the three following principles.)\n\n\n**Hospitality:** Although actors such as local faith communities may carry out humanitarian assistance activities\nas an adjunct to their faith-related work, they are often the first to respond to individuals, families, and\ncommunities in the initial stages of a humanitarian crisis. They respond by virtue of their presence, local\nknowledge, networks and assets in some of the most isolated and remote areas. Recognition of this fact has\nsparked off renewed interest in engaging with these communities to improve outreach to the most vulnerable.\n\n\n**Respect:** Respect for the diversity of identities, values and traditions is pivotal to enhance the protection and\nresilience of forcibly displaced individuals and communities. Local faith communities are uniquely aware\nof the fact that, in many countries and communities around the world, faith is a \u2018basic need\u2019 and provides\nspiritual sustenance for persons of concern to UNHCR. Local faith leaders and faith communities are uniquely\npositioned for this.\n\n\n**Equality:** Cooperation should be based on a shared set of objectives, and be premised on mutual respect and\npartnership. Equality should also translate into equal treatment and the right to equal protection according to\nhumanitarian standards.\n\n\n6.4 These three principles serve as a normative backdrop to the minimum standards that follow. They are a point\nof departure for conversations on many issues between UNHCR and faith actors aimed at working together in\nmutually beneficial ways to serve persons of concern to UNHCR. They can also help guide partners that may\nwish to establish dialogue across faiths and with humanitarian actors.\n\n\n12 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_In other instances, faith-based organizations have acted_\n_as buffers between warring parties and were hence able_\n# _\u201c_\n_to operate in both areas, even at the peak of the conflict._\n_Due to the trust they benefitted from, they were good_\n_advocates for protection. They lobbied the government_\n_to take full responsibility for the education and health_\n_services of IDPs in Kachin State. They also managed to_\n_have IDPs released from detention as they were able to_\n_vouch for detainees. No other international organization_\n_or local non-governmental organization has such a wide_\n_margin of manoeuvre to respond to the humanitarian_\n_situation.\u201d_\n\n\nIn Myanmar, UNHCR recognized the vibrant role the\nlocal churches have been playing in civil society. It\npartnered with local faith communities such as Caritas\nand the Kachin Baptist Church to obtain humanitarian\naccess to IDPs. These communities became first\nresponders and eventually turned into camp managers,\nadministrators and benefactors for over 100 IDP\ncamps. UNHCR brought its funding, technical\nexpertise and trouble-shooting skills to the work of\npartners relatively inexperienced in the humanitarian\nfield but whose presence and outreach facilitated\nunhindered humanitarian access.\n\n\n**DETERRENCE OF VIOLENCE THROUGH**\n**PRESENCE AND ACCOMPANIMENT**\n\n**UNHCR Bangui**\n\n\n_This report is on how the leaders of the Muslim_\n_community mobilized some 5 km away from the refugee_\n# _\u201c_\n_camp on the road to Tirungulu to stop [non-State armed_\n_actors] from advancing. This group literally sat on the_\n_dirt road to prevent them from moving. They pleaded_\n_and invoked the Holy Qur\u2019an, reminding the non-State_\n_armed actors of their duties as fellow Muslims.\u201d_\n\n\nIn the Central African Republic, a local Muslim\ncommunity foiled an attack planned by rebels in 2009\non a Darfurian refugee camp. They did so by physically\nobstructing the passage of the rebel group on the road\nleading to the refugee camp.\n\n\nMuslim faith leaders leveraged their local knowledge\nof social and political networks to negotiate a peaceful\noutcome. UNHCR partnered with leaders of the local\nMuslim community to support the conflict resolution\nprocess. To stop the cycle of violence, the local\nfaith community did not assign guilt for the crimes\ncommitted by either party but supported claims for\nrestitution instead.\n\n\n\n**RECEPTION OF ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND**\n**ACCOMPANIMENT OF THE DETAINED**\n\n**UNHCR Central America**\n\n\n_In 2011, the Council of Protestant Churches of_\n_Nicaragua, UNHCR\u2019s implementing partner, started an_\n# _\u201c_\n_informal collaboration with the mosque in Managua, the_\n_country\u2019s capital. At the Council\u2019s request, the mosque_\n_provides interpreters as well as food, clothes, hygiene kits_\n_and spiritual support for Muslim asylum-seekers.\u201d_\n\n\nIn Nicaragua, UNHCR partners with the Council of\nProtestant Churches and other organizations, such\nas Caritas Nicaragua and the Managua mosque, to\nimprove reception conditions and accompany detained\nasylum-seekers and migrants.\n\n\nThe Council of Protestant Churches has direct access to\nthe detention centre and, with the help of the Managua-based mosque, visits and provides psychosocial\ncounseling and spiritual support to those in detention.\n\n\n**COMMUNITY OUTREACH AND ADVOCACY**\n**BENEFITTING REFUGEE POPULATIONS**\n\n**UNHCR Lebanon**\n\n\n_Dar el Fatwa was established in 1955 by virtue_\n_of a presidential decree which conferred upon the_\n# _\u201c_\n_organization the capacity in Lebanon to issue religious_\n_guidance in areas related to Sunni religious affairs and_\n_in the management of its affiliated charity institutions._\n_It is led by the Grand Mufti, and its large network of_\n_community-based organizations has been assisting with_\n_the provision and distribution of food, non-food items,_\n_health services, cash grants, shelter and psycho-social_\n_support to Syrian refugees in Lebanon since the start of_\n_the Syrian crisis in 2011. This support extended to areas_\n_with high numbers of refugees where UNHCR has not_\n_yet established a presence.\u201d_\n\n\nIn Lebanon, UNHCR established a new partnership\nat the outset of the Syrian refugee crisis to ensure\nthat refugees receive assistance in the initial stages\nof displacement. The organizations helped UNHCR\nto build trust with refugees, local communities and\nauthorities, as well as to reach thousands by mobilizing\nthe local faith communities\u2019 large network of\nvolunteers and outreach workers.\n\n\nThe local faith communities and their organizations\nplayed a major part in negotiating access for refugees\nto services both at the local village/municipal level and\nthe central level. It also played a mediation role between host and refugee communities. UNHCR signed\na Memorandum of Understanding with the organization in 2012, which includes exchange of information\nand distribution of assistance through its channels.\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **7. Putting partnership principles into practice**\n\nThe following are suggested actions to put the principles of hospitality, respect and equality into practice.\n\n\n**Map out potential partners in local faith communities** .\n\n - What are the predominant faith traditions in your country/operation?\n\n - What are their basic organizations, structures and systems?\n\n - Who are the trusted community-based counterparts?\n\n - What are the national faith-based organizations that can act as liaisons with faith leaders?\n\n\n**Identify supportive religious leaders** in the local area. Invest time in getting to know the leaders as a means to\nincrease trust and lay the ground for potential collaboration. Undertaking joint protection initiatives, such as\nawareness-raising on protection challenges and sensitizing communities to protection issues, can be a powerful\nway to increase protection space.\n\n\n**Become familiar with the activities undertaken by faith actors** .\n\n - What kind of relationship exists between faith communities in the same country/region?\n\n - What, if any, are the interfaith organizations?\n\n - What are the existing services provided by faith actors, including in partnership with UNHCR?\n\n\n**Understand the activities and map the existing work of faith and/or interfaith groups** and their relevance\nto the protection of persons of concern. The spiritual sustenance provided by faith actors to persons of concern\nis often a neglected indicator of wellbeing but is a critical factor in promoting resilience. These indicators\nshould be borne in mind in evaluating the potential impact of partnering with local faith communities, their\norganizations and faith leaders.\n\n\n**Use the Affirmation of Welcome** as an entry point for dialogue. (See **Annex B** .)\n\n\n**Establish a relationship of mutual understanding and trust** to ensure that humanitarian principles are\nrespected.\n\n - Is aid delivered without imposing conditions?\n\n - Are persons of concern willing or reticent to be aided by organizations of the same or different faith?\n\n - Are there other specialized groups that can deliver aid when conditions become unacceptable?\n\n - \u0007What role do other members of the local faith communities, such as women, boys and girls,\nplay in developing shared objectives and in undertaking activities?\n\n\n**Mobilize local faith communities and faith leaders** for the prevention of and response to protection threats. In\nscenarios where States are unable or unwilling to protect their own citizens as well as the refugee communities\nthey host, the moral authority of religious leaders is an important means to access communities and convey key\nmessages.\n\n - \u0007What are the advocacy activities that faith actors are undertaking in relation to\nor in collaboration with persons of concern to UNHCR?\n\n - What are the areas of commonality or convergence with UNHCR\u2019s strategic priorities?\n\n - \u0007What are the key advocacy messages that faith actors can help convey in partnership with\nUNHCR (e.g. on attitudes towards asylum-seekers and migrants, to prevent and defuse\nstrife, to prevent, map and resolve statelessness, protection at sea, finding alternatives to\nsimply detaining asylum-seekers, refugees, stateless people and migants, etc.)?\n\n\n14 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PREVENTION OF AND RESPONSE TO**\n**SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\n\n**UNHCR Tehran**\n\n\n_Recognizing the importance of collaboration with_\n_religious leaders to prevent and reduce SGBV in an_\n# _\u201c_\n_Afghan refugee community, the refugee focal points and_\n_community facilitators held initial sessions with religious_\n_leaders. All four leaders were given the training materials_\n_in advance, and devoted part of their sermons to validate_\n_and promote best practices to prevent and reduce SGBV_\n_in refugee communities.\u201d_\n\n\nIn Islamic Republic of Iran, there were examples where\nMuslim communities and their faith leaders partnered\nwith UNHCR to endorse materials developed by\nUNHCR and to advocate for the dissemination of\ninformation on prevention of SGBV.\n\n\nFaith leaders helped protect women by speaking to\nissues of SGBV in a 5-day religious gathering in which\n3,000 Afghan refugees participated, raising awareness\nof and reducing social stigma associated with this form\nof physical and psychological harm amongst men and\nwomen equally.\n\n\nIn this instance, the local Muslim faith community\nprovided UNHCR with an important means to connect\nwith the refugees by exercising their moral authority\nand common religious beliefs and values to reinforce\nand amplify key messages.\n\n\n**PREVENTION OF AND RESPONSE TO**\n**HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES**\n\n**UNHCR Jijiga Sub-Office, Ethiopia**\n\n\n_The capacity, knowledge and skills of the faith-based_\n_organizations and the community religious leaders_\n# _\u201c_\n_prompted the office to work closely with them, given_\n_their potential to address the protection needs of the_\n_refugee community. [\u2026]There was a call for the support_\n_of religious leaders from the women\u2019s Anti-FGM group_\n_in camps, since the community was challenging them on_\n_religious grounds during awareness-raising efforts.\u201d_\n\n\nIn Ethiopia, the Jijiga Sub-Office made a drive to\neliminate Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) together\nwith an implementing partner, a government\ncounterpart, host and refugee communities, as well\nas refugee faith leaders, to de-link FGM, which is a\nharmful traditional practice, from the holy precepts of\nIslam.\n\n\n\n**LEGAL COUNSELLING, ASYLUM CASE-**\n**MANAGEMENT AND MEMBERSHIP**\n**IN \u2018PROTECTION NETWORKS\u2019**\n\n\n\n**UNHCR Brasilia**\n# _\u201c_\n\n\n\n_In addition to their crucial role in the field, faith-_\n_based organizations are active members of the public_\n# _\u201c_\n_body responsible for dealing with asylum-seekers and_\n_refugees in Brazil. The National Committee for Refugees_\n_(CONARE) is comprised of a representative from civil_\n_society with the right to vote in the committee\u2019s meetings._\n_Caritas of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro is the civil_\n_society representative, whereas Caritas of the Archdiocese_\n_of Sao Paulo is the deputy representative. [\u2026]_\n\n\n_Were it not for their inputs in this process \u2013 with_\n_UNHCR\u2019s technical advice and support \u2013 the recognition_\n# _\u201c_\n\n\n\n_Were it not for their inputs in this process \u2013 with_\n_UNHCR\u2019s technical advice and support \u2013 the recognition_\n_rate in Brazil would have been only 16% in 2012._\n_However, civil society\u2019s findings were able to reverse some_\n_of CONARE\u2019s decisions towards a positive outcome for_\n_67 cases, raising the recognition rate to 24%.\u201d_\n\n\n\nIn Brazil, UNHCR supported the establishment of a\nProtection Network which consists of 50 operational\npartners linked to the Catholic Church and 6 UNHCR\nimplementing partners, 5 of which are faith-based\norganizations.\n\n\nThe Protection Network operates throughout the\ncountry, including in border and remote areas where\nthe State and UNHCR have limited presence. It is\nresponsible for reception arrangements, emergency\nassistance, and referrals of asylum claimants. Faithbased Network members also played a crucial role\nin sensitizing authorities and service-providers to\nthe protection needs of asylum-seekers and resettled\nrefugees.\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Build the capacity of local faith communities, their organizations and faith leaders** to become more effective\npartners. Staff are encouraged to associate faith actors in training and capacity-building initiatives in order to\ndeepen their understanding of UNHCR\u2019s strategic protection priorities in a given setting, and identify potential\nareas for joint action or advocacy. Issues to consider here are:\n\n - What relevant technical experience and skills do faith actors have?\n\n - \u0007What financial resources and resources in kind do organizational\nstructures have for carrying out their activities?\n\n - What is the breadth and depth of the support base of faith actors?\n\n - How can these resources and assets be leveraged when partnering with faith actors?\n\n\n**Better coordinate with faith actors** to facilitate their participation in the established humanitarian framework.\nEspecially in emergencies, information-sharing is critical for closer strategic cooperation. Faith leaders or\nlocal faith community representatives can become increasingly integrated into the established humanitarian\nframework by being invited to regular coordination meetings. This further helps to bridge the gap between\nhumanitarian partners. Issues to explore here are:\n\n - How does the religious community define leadership?\n\n - \u0007Who is responsible for decision-making in the local faith communities as well\nas the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects?\n\n - What are the methods faith actors use to share information?\n\n - Who can represent local faith communities at coordination meetings?\n\n\n16 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Umm spends much of her time during Ramadan in her caravan working her fingers through her string of prayer beads. One of her\ngreatest regrets is that in her temporary home in Za\u2019atari refugee camp she has no Qur\u2019an. \u201cThe Qur\u2019an and the prayer beads are the\nmost important things during Ramadan\u201d she tells me. Umm says that Ramadan without the Qur\u2019an doesn\u2019t feel like Ramadan.\n\u00a9 UNHCR / J. Kohler\n\n### **Annex A \u2013 Contributors to the Survey** **on Good Practice Examples**\n\n\nThe following UNHCR offices submitted examples of partnership:\n\n\n\n\n- UNHCR Tehran, Iran\n\n- UNHCR Bangui, Central African Republic\n\n- UNHCR Malaysia\n\n- UNHCR Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\n- UNHCR Austria\n\n- UNHCR Sub-Office Jijiga, Ethiopia\n\n\n\n\n- UNHCR Mexico\n\n- UNHCR Central America and Cuba\n\n- UNHCR Brasilia, Brazil\n\n- UNHCR Washington D.C., United States of America\n\n- UNHCR Myanmar\n\n- UNHCR Lebanon\n\n\n\nThe following non-governmental organizations and religious communities submitted examples of good practice:\n\n\n\n\n- Act for Peace, Australia\n\n- Armenian Caritas, Armenia\n\n- CAFOD\n\n- Capuchin Tertiary Sisters, Chile\n\n- Caritas Internationalis\n\n- Caritas Nairobi, Kenya\n\n- _Casa del Migrate Scalabrini,_ Mexico\n\n- Catholic Relief Services\n\n- Church World Service\n\n- Christian Aid, Dominican Republic\n\n- \u0007Ecumenical Accompaniment Program in Palestine\nand Israel, Occupied Palestinian Territories\n\n- Edmund Rice International\n\n- Franciscan Family, Chad\n\n- Franciscans International\n\n- Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, United States\n\n- \u0007Integration and Support Unit/\nMount Sion, United Kingdom\n\n- Jesuit Refugee Service/USA\n\n- _Kerk in Actie,_ The Netherlands\n\n\n\n\n- \u0007Lutheran Children and Family Service of\nEastern Pennsylvania, United States\n\n- \u0007Lutheran Immigration and Refugee\nService, United States\n\n- Lutheran Services Georgia, United States\n\n- Lutheran World Federation\n\n- \u0007Lutheran World Service, Lutheran\nWorld Federation, Kenya\n\n- \u0007National Christian Council of Sri Lanka\nand Mahabodhi Society of Sri Lanka\n\n- \u0007Nepal Country Office, Lutheran World Federation\n\n- OFADEC, Senegal\n\n- \u0007Revive/Holy Ghost Fathers and Christian\nBrothers, United Kingdom\n\n- \u0007Sanctuary Movement/German Ecumenical\nCommittee on Church Asylum, Germany\n\n- South African Jewish Board of Deputies, South Africa\n\n- The Refuge Pnan, South Korea\n\n- \u0007United States Conference of Catholic Bishops,\nMigration and Refugee Services\n\n- World Outreach Initiatives, Burundi\n\n- Zimbabwe Council of Churches\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annex B \u2013 Affirmation of Welcome**\n\nFrom December 2012 through to December 2013, the document, _Welcoming the Stranger: Affirmations for Faith_\n_Leaders_ (http://www.unhcr.org/51b6de419.html) was signed and endorsed by over 1,700 religious leaders, members of\nfaith communities and faith-based organizations worldwide, and formally launched at a signing ceremony before an\nassembly of 600 faith leaders at the _Religions for Peace_ 9 [th] World Assembly on 21 November 2013 in Vienna.\n\n\n**Welcoming the Stranger: Affirmations for Faith Leaders**\n\n\nA core value of my faith is to welcome the stranger, the refugee, the internally displaced, the other. I shall treat him or\nher as I would like to be treated. I will challenge others, even leaders in my faith community, to do the same.\n\n\nTogether with faith leaders, faith-based organizations and communities of conscience around the world, I affirm:\n\n\n_\u201cI will welcome the stranger._\n_My faith teaches that compassion, mercy, love and hospitality are for everyone: the native_\n_born and the foreign born, the member of my community and the newcomer._\n\n_I will remember and remind members of my community that we are all considered \u201cstrangers\u201d somewhere, that_\n_we should treat the stranger to our community as we would like to be treated, and challenge intolerance._\n\n_I will remember and remind others in my community that no one leaves his or her homeland_\n_without a reason: some flee because of persecution, violence or exploitation; others due to_\n_natural disaster; yet others out of love to provide better lives for their families._\n\n_I recognize that all persons are entitled to dignity and respect as human beings. All those in my country,_\n_including the stranger, are subject to its laws, and none should be subject to hostility or discrimination._\n\n_I acknowledge that welcoming the stranger sometimes takes courage, but the joys and the hopes of doing so_\n_outweigh the risks and the challenges. I will support others who exercise courage in welcoming the stranger._\n\n\n18 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_I will offer the stranger hospitality, for this brings blessings upon the_\n_community, upon my family, upon the stranger and upon me._\n\n_I will respect and honor the reality that the stranger may be of a different faith or_\n_hold beliefs different from mine or other members of my community._\n\n_I will respect the right of the stranger to practice his or her own faith freely._\n_I will seek to create space where he or she can freely worship._\n\n_I will speak of my own faith without demeaning or ridiculing the faith of others._\n\n_I will build bridges between the stranger and myself. Through my example, I will encourage others to do the same._\n\n_I will make an effort not only to welcome the stranger, but also to listen to him or her_\n_deeply, and to promote understanding and welcome in my community._\n\n_I will speak out for social justice for the stranger, just as I do for other members of my community._\n\n_Where I see hostility towards the stranger in my community, whether through words or deeds,_\n_I will not ignore it, but will instead endeavor to establish a dialogue and facilitate peace._\n\n_I will not keep silent when I see others, even leaders in my faith community, speaking ill of strangers, judging_\n_them without coming to know them, or when I see them being excluded, wronged or oppressed._\n\n_I will encourage my faith community to work with other faith communities and_\n_faith-based organizations to find better ways to assist the stranger._\n\n_I will welcome the stranger.\u201d_\n\n\n**Founding Principles**\n\nThe call to \u201cwelcome the stranger,\u201d through protection and hospitality, and to honor the stranger or those of other\nfaiths with respect and equality, is deeply rooted in all major religions.\n\n\nIn the _Upanishads,_ the mantra _atithi devo bhava_ or \u201cthe guest is as God\u201d expresses the fundamental importance of\nhospitality in Hindu culture. Central to the Hindu _Dharma,_ or Law, are the values of _karu\u0146\u0101_ or compassion, _ahims\u0101_\nor non-violence towards all, and _seva_ or the willingness to serve the stranger and the unknown guest. Providing food\nand shelter to a needy stranger was a traditional duty of the householder and is practiced by many still. More broadly,\nthe concept of _Dharma_ embodies the task to do one\u2019s duty, including an obligation to the community, which should be\ncarried out respecting values such as non-violence and selfless service for the greater good.\n\n\nThe _Tripitaka_ highlights the importance of cultivating four states of mind: _mett\u0101_ (loving kindness), _mudit\u0101_ (sympathetic joy), _upekkh\u0101_ (equanimity), and _karu\u0146\u0101_ (compassion). There are many different traditions of Buddhism, but the\nconcept of _karu\u0146\u0101_ is a fundamental tenet in all of them. It embodies the qualities of tolerance, non-discrimination, inclusion and empathy for the suffering of others, mirroring the central role which compassion plays in other religions.\n\n\nThe Torah makes thirty-six references to honoring the \u201cstranger.\u201d The book of Leviticus contains one of the most\nprominent tenets of the Jewish faith: \u201cThe stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens;\nyou shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.\u201d (Leviticus 19:33-34). Further, the Torah\nprovides that \u201cYou shall not oppress the stranger, for you know the soul of the stranger, having yourselves been\nstrangers in the land of Egypt.\u201d (Exodus 33:1)\n\n\nIn Matthew\u2019s Gospel (32:32) we hear the call: \u201cI was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me\nsomething to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me\u2026\u201d And in the Letter to the Hebrews (13:1-3) we read, \u201cLet\nmutual love continue. Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing that some have entertained angels\nwithout knowing it.\u201d\n\n\nWhen the Prophet Muhammad fled persecution in Mecca, he sought refuge in Medina, where he was hospitably\nwelcomed. The Prophet\u2019s _hijrah,_ or migration, symbolizes the movement from lands of oppression, and his hospitable\ntreatment embodies the Islamic model of refugee protection. The Holy Qur\u2019an calls for the protection of the asylum\nseeker, or _al-mustamin,_ whether Muslim or non-Muslim, whose safety is irrevocably guaranteed under the institution\nof _Aman_ (the provision of security and protection). As noted in the Surat Al-Anfal: \u201cThose who give asylum and aid\nare in very truth the believers: for them is the forgiveness of sins and a provision most generous.\u201d (8:43)\n\n\nThere are tens of millions of refugees and internally displaced people in the world. Our faiths demand that we\nremember we are all migrants on this earth, journeying together in hope.\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thailand / Refugees from Myanmar at Nu Po Refugee Camp. \u00a9 UNHCR / R. Arnold\n\n\n**Background**\n\n\nIn December 2012, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Ant\u00f3nio Guterres organized a Dialogue with faith leaders,\nfaith-based humanitarian organizations, academics and government representatives from countries around the\nworld on the theme of \u201cFaith and Protection.\u201d As the High Commissioner noted in his opening remarks, \u201c\u2026all major\nreligious value systems embrace humanity, caring and respect, and the tradition of granting protection to those in\ndanger. The principles of modern refugee law have their oldest roots in these ancient texts and traditions.\u201d At the\nconclusion of this landmark event, the High Commissioner embraced a recommendation for the development of\na Code of Conduct for faith leaders to welcome migrants, refugees and other forcibly displaced people, and stand\ntogether against xenophobia.\n\n\nIn response to this call, from February through April 2013, a coalition of leading faith-based humanitarian\norganizations and academic institutions (including HIAS, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Jesuit Refugee Service, Lutheran\nWorld Federation, Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, Religions for Peace, University of Vienna Faculty of Roman\nCatholic Theology, World Council of Churches, World Evangelical Alliance and World Vision International) drafted\n\u201cWelcoming the Stranger: Affirmations for Faith Leaders.\u201d The Affirmations, which have been translated into Arabic,\nChinese, French, Hebrew, Russian and Spanish, inspire leaders of all faiths to \u201cwelcome the stranger\u201d with dignity,\nrespect and loving support. Faith groups around the world can use the Affirmations and supporting resources as\npractical tools to foster support for migrants, refugees, the displaced, the stateless and other marginalized members of\ntheir communities.\n\n\n20 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **References and additional resources**\n\n\n\nFiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. (ed), (2011), \u201cIntroduction:\nFaith-based Humanitarianism in Contexts of Forced\nDisplacement\u201d, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 24,\nNo. 3: Oxford.\n\n\nGlobal Humanitarian Platform, (2007), \u201cPrinciples of\nPartnership: A Statement of Commitment\u201d, accessed 28\nJanuary 2014, http://goo.gl/76Fu8m\n\n\nICRC, (1994), \u201cCode of Conduct for the International\nRed Cross and Red Crescent Movement and\nNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster\nRelief \u201d, accessed on 28 January 2014,\nhttp://goo.gl/ApRSlr\n\n\nJoint Learning Initiative on Local Faith Communities,\n(2012), \u201cLocal faith communities and the promotion of\nresilience in humanitarian situations\u201d, Refugee Studies\nCentre Forced Migration Policy Note, Oxford.\n\n\nKadayifci-Orellana, S. A., Abu-Nimer, M. and\nMohamed-Saleem, (2013), A., \u201cUnderstanding an\nIslamic Framework for Peacebuilding\u201d, Islamic Relief\nWorldwide, Working Paper Series No. 2013-02:\nBirmingham, UK.\n\n\nRamalingam, B., Gray, B. and Cerruti, G. Bill\nGray, (2013), \u201cMissed opportunities: the case for\nstrengthening local partnership-cased humanitarian\nresponses\u201d, ActionAid, CAFOD, Christian Aid,\nOxfam GB and Tearfund, London.\n\n\nSocial Science Research Council, (2011), \u201cReligion,\nDevelopment and the United Nations\u201d, accessed 28\nJanuary 2014, http://goo.gl/tCrHlU\n\n\nThe Sphere Project, (2012), \u201c2011 Edition of the Sphere\nHandbook: What is New?\u201d, accessed 28 January 2014,\nhttp://goo.gl/szmIMM\n\n\nT\u00fcrk, V. (2008), \u201cReflections on Asylum and Islam\u201d,\nRefugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 2: Oxford.\n\n\nUK Department for International Development,\n(2012), \u201cFaith Partnership Principles: Working\neffectively with faith groups to fight global poverty\u201d,\naccessed January 28, 2014, http://goo.gl/e6O1lu\n\n\nUNAIDS, (2011). \u201cPartnership with Faith-based\nOrganizations: UNAIDS Strategic Framework\u201d,\naccessed 28 January 2014, http://goo.gl/qQDTd6\n\n\nUNDP, (2014), \u201cGuidelines on engaging with\nfaith-based organizations\u201d, forthcoming.\n\n\n\nUNFPA, (2009), \u201cGuidelines for Engaging Faith-based\nOrganizations (FBOs) as Agents of Change\u201d, accessed\nJanuary 28, 2014, http://goo.gl/YrBX5E\n\n\nUNFPA, (2009), \u201cGlobal Forum of Faith-based\nOrganisations for Population and Development\u201d,\naccessed 28 January 2014, http://goo.gl/yfTr7G\n\n\nUNHCR (co-published with the Organisation of\nthe Islamic Conference and Naif Arab University\nfor Security Sciences) (2009), \u201cThe Right to Asylum\nbetween Islamic Shari\u2019ah and International Refugee\nLaw: A Comparative Study\u201d, accessed 16 April 2014,\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/4a9645646.html\n\n\nUNHCR (2012), \u201cBackground Document for the High\nCommissioner\u2019s Dialogue on the theme of Faith and\nProtection\u201d, accessed 16 April 2014,\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/50aa5b879.html\n\n\nUNHCR (2012), \u201cHigh Commissioner\u2019s Closing\nRemarks\u201d, accessed on 16 April 2014,\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/50cb39dc9.html\n\n\nUNHCR, (2013), \u201cUnderstanding Community-based\nProtection\u201d, accessed 9 April 2014 http://goo.gl/hnx8cr\n\n\nUNICEF, (2012), \u201cPartnering with Religious\nCommunities for Children\u201d, accessed 28 January 2014,\nhttp://goo.gl/ZLkTMS\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Refugee Survey Quarterly", - "confidence": 0.9416992664337158, - "start": 311, - "end": 314 - }, - "dataset_tag": "named", - "description": { - "text": "Reflections on Asylum and Islam", - "confidence": 0.7178422212600708, - "start": 304, - "end": 309 - }, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "UK", - "confidence": 0.8787595629692078, - "start": 325, - "end": 326 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.5225287079811096, - "start": 378, - "end": 379 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "22 Partnership Note on faith-based organizations, local faith communities and faith leaders\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Back cover: A father and son pray in Ifo camp,\nDadaab. These camps are under immense\npopulation pressure as Somalis continue to flood\ninto Kenya to escape violence. There is limited\nland, housing, schools, and health care for the\nnearly 300,000 refugees living in an area originally\nintended to house 90,000 refugees.\n\u00a9 UNHCR / E. Hockstein\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**United Nations High**\n**Commissioner For Refugees**\nCase Postale 2500,\n1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\u00a9 UNHCR 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f484e1a8-079e-35a9-b282-16fd70bdaa61/539ef28b9.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_960/raw/doc_960_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_960/raw/doc_960_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 3dcb2b3ad09e6e7ee090cf451d006b87b2357de7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_960/raw/doc_960_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "**CURRENT** **PROTECTION** **ENVIRONMENT,**\n**CHALLENGES AND NEEDS**\n\n\n\nMillions of civilians in Syria continue to face diverse and\ninterlinked protection needs. They are driven by a range\nof situations including the impacts of active hostilities,\nnew displacements, dynamics linked to return increasing\nthe stress on already overburdened communities, and\ncumulative long-term consequences of the crisis.\n\n\n - Active hostilities in some parts of the country,\nnotably the North West and North East\nregions, continue to be characterized by IHL\nviolations with a disproportionate impact on\ncivilians. Urban warfare - including through the\nuse of explosive weapons in densely populated\nareas - continues to take a toll on civilians and to\ndestroy civilian objects such as schools and\nhospitals, leaving the population severely\ndeprived of basic services.\n\n - The protracted crisis has depleted assets,\nproductivity, infrastructure, and resulted in high\nlevels of poverty.\n\n - Lack and loss of civil documentation continues\nto affect the population due to the displacement;\nthe reduced functionality of Registrars\u2019 Offices\nand cadasters, especially in areas affected by\nthe conflict; the delayed or missed registration of\nvital events, particularly in areas that have been\noutside the control of the State for prolonged time.\nThis is in turn creating an array of vulnerabilities,\nchallenges in accessing rights and services,\nmovement restrictions, and HLP-related issues.\n\n - The brain drain caused by the displacement outside\nof the country has depleted valuable human capital,\nwith negative effects on the provision of specialized\nservices.\n\n\n\n\n - The massive displacement of population, with more\nthan 6.2 million individuals in protracted\ndisplacement and 5.6 million refugees abroad, has\nleft the social fabric distressed, with disruption of\ncommunity and family safety networks. Prolonged\nand profound distress has left people with high\nlevels of unmet psychosocial needs.\n\n\n_**Child Protection**_\n\n\n - Girls and boys of all ages continue to be exposed to\nmultiple protection risks and violations of their rights.\nContinuous displacement, exposure to violence,\ndeepening poverty and a persistent lack of access\nto services have taken a huge toll on children,\nwomen and girls, and individuals with specific\nneeds.\n\n - Children endure violence in their homes, schools\nand communities. Children face constant risks\nassociated with explosive hazards, lack civil\ndocumentation to prove their existence, separation\nfrom caregivers, and out of sheer desperation many\ngirls and boys are married off at a young age and\nwithdrawn from school to work, often in dangerous\nconditions.\n\n - Grave child rights violations remain a critical\nconcern with 2,354 incidents recorded through the\nMRM in the first nine months of 2018, including\nchildren killed and injured through persistent\nuse of explosive weapons in civilian areas,\nrecruitment and use of children by all parties to the\nconflict, torture, detention, abduction, sexual\nviolence, attacks on schools and hospitals and\ndenial of humanitarian access.\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9ba27c6-f7da-3987-a0d1-1dceea8a5047/wos_protection_sector_messaging_to_the_third_brussels_conference_march_2019-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Whole of Syria Protection Sector messaging to the Brussels Conference: March 2019\n\n\n\n_**Gender-based Violence**_\n\n\nGBV in its various forms, particularly sexual\nviolence and sexual harassment, domestic violence,\nfamily violence against women and girls and\nearly/forced marriage, continue to pervade the lives\nof women and girls, especially adolescent girls.\nThe fear of sexual violence adds to the mental\nstress of women and girls. Many families are\nresorting to negative coping mechanisms with\nspecific implications for women and girls, such as\nsilence or for some families--resorting to\nearly/forced marriage.\n\n\n_**Mine Action**_\n\n\nOngoing hostilities continue to add new layers of\nexplosive hazards compounding the contamination\nthreat and increasing the vulnerability of people. An\nestimated 10.2 million people are living in\ncommunities reporting explosive hazard\ncontamination.\nExplosive hazards impact across humanitarian\nresponse by limiting access to humanitarian\nassistance, services, movement, livelihoods, and\ninfrastructure. Explosive hazard contamination in\nagricultural land and key infrastructure such a\nschools, roadways, water systems further hinders\naccess to basic services adding to existing\nvulnerabilities and posing a major challenge to\nrecovery and resilience.\nThe scope and scale of the explosive hazard threat\ndue to the presence of complex threats - from\nimprovised explosive devices (IEDs) in former ISIS\nareas to air-dropped munitions \u2013 and the cumulative\neffect of contamination with each year of crisis.\nExplosive hazards, including landmines,\nunexploded ordnance, IEDs, and other explosive\nremnants of war continue to accumulate and will\npose a risk to life and safety of populations for a long\nperiod to come, far beyond active conflict.\nThe burden on health services for persons with\ndisabilities, including survivors of explosive\naccidents and their families, will increase as\nexplosive hazard contamination remains.\n\n\n\nWhole of Syria\n\n**KEY ASPECTS OF PROTECTION SECTOR**\n**RESPONSE STRATEGY FOR 2019**\n\nMaintain a community-based approach in\ninterventions to adapt the response to the evolving\nsituation and including all affected population in\nneed (IDPs, returnees, hosting/overburdened\ncommunities).\nMaintain capacity to respond to emergency\nsituations/new displacement including rapid\ndeployment of mobile resources for urgent\nprotection needs (presence, safety messaging,\npsychological first aid, needs identification etc.).\nProvide integrated protection services via\ncommunity-based facilities\n\n - Targeted psychosocial support including through\nindividual case management.\n\n - Legal assistance and technical support on civil\nstatus documentation and HLP, including to\nfacilitate durable solutions.\n\n - Targeted assistance to address specific\nvulnerabilities.\n\n - Community led initiatives to foster social cohesion\nand inclusion.\n\n - Expand focus on persons with disabilities beyond\nthe medical dimension.\nContinue with advisory role to the humanitarian\nleadership in policy and advocacy on protection\nissues in line with the centrality of protection\napproach.\nContinue mainstreaming protection across the\nhumanitarian response, and foster integrated\napproaches for protection outcomes.\nPromote inter-sector dialogue to better address the\ncauses of harmful coping strategies and mitigate the\nprotection risks that they generate.\n\n\n_**Child Protection**_\n\n\nContinue the investment in the No Lost Generation\nframework to enhance equitable access to (i) quality\ncommunity-based child protection including\npsychosocial support interventions; and (ii) quality\nchild protection specialised services for children atrisk and survivors of violence, exploitation, neglect\nand abuse.\nScale up multi-sector strategies and commitments\ndirected towards child protection outcomes such as\nlivelihoods and household economic security to\naddress child labour.\nStrengthen national social workforce as a way to\nscale up reach of child protection services.\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9ba27c6-f7da-3987-a0d1-1dceea8a5047/wos_protection_sector_messaging_to_the_third_brussels_conference_march_2019-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Whole of Syria Protection Sector messaging to the Brussels Conference: March 2019\n\n\n\n_**Gender-based Violence**_\n\n\nIncrease awareness raising on sexual and\nreproductive health and GBV especially targeting\nadolescent girls and boys.\nImprove the accessibility of women and girls to safe\nspaces where GBV prevention and empowerment\nactivities are provided and contribute to the\nresiliency of women and girls.\nProvision of psychosocial support for GBV\nsurvivors.\nBuild capacity of GBV actors providing GBV\nspecialized services to survivors.\n\n\n_**Mine Action**_\n\n\nPromote and expand existing humanitarian mine\naction capacities and improve the quality of services\nprovided.\nIncrease the efficacy of mine action through\ncoordination with other sectors, as well as improved\ndata sharing and unity of effort.\nSustained delivery and integration of risk education,\ncontinued expansion of specialized services for\npersons with disabilities, including survivors of\nexplosive hazards, and expand survey and\nclearance and clearance of explosive hazards.\n\n\n**CONSTRAINTS**\n\n\nAccess for protection activities and contact with\ncommunities remains challenging in several parts\ndue to\n\n - Active hostilities, including inter-factional fighting\n(North West), growing insecurity and tactics of\nasymmetric conflict (North East).\n\n - Selective access for protection actors, particularly\nfor UN staff (Rural Damascus, South Syria,\nEuphrates Shield areas).\n\n - Highly regulated and selective procedures for\nproject approval, prolonging response time and\nimpacting the selection of geographical or thematic\nareas of intervention.\n\n - Inadequate presence of international specialised\nNGOs due to \u201centry barriers\u201d and the reluctance in\nembarking in protection activities, perceived as\nsensitive.\n\n - Social and cultural barriers in relation to specific\nactivities (especially GBV).\n\n - Limited access to areas in need and for the technical\nequipment and expertise needed to\ncomprehensively implement humanitarian mine\naction activities.\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector**\nWhole of Syria\n\nInadequate capacity in specific fields due to huge\nturnover of staff associated with changes in line of\ncontrol, gaps in specific fields (highly specialised\nprotection, MA, CP, GBV services, addressing\ndisabilities, HLP, certain types of legal aid) and\nchallenges in bringing in external protection\nexpertise depending on who controls the specific\nterritory.\nRestrictions on the ability to conduct sector specific\nneeds assessments to improve identification of\nneeds. Current methods of collecting data limit the\nability to target needs, and the efficacy of response.\n\n\n**KEY ASKS FROM DONORS**\n\n\nPredictability and sustainability of funding (flexible\nand multi-year funding) for the full range of\nprotection activities in all parts of Syria. This is vital\nto support approaches that are holistic and\nresponsive to the needs of communities.\nProvision of funding driven by severity of needs and\nnot areas of control, with clarity in donor strategies\nand priorities.\nIncrease attention and commitment at all levels for\nthe collective responsibility to address and mitigate\nthe risks of gender-based violence.\nScale-up support to specialised child protection\ninitiatives including for children formerly associated\nwith armed groups/forces and vulnerable\nchildren/families unable to access safe livelihood\nopportunities due to disability or other factors.\nContinued advocacy with relevant authorities and\nsupport for improved access of Mine Action sector\nservice providers to areas in need, from Damascus\nand with Turkey for the North West, and crossborder in North East Syria.\nContinue to invest in capacity development\ninitiatives especially in areas of identified capacity\ngaps.\nAdvocate with the humanitarian leadership to\nsupport the protection Sector in maintaining the\nintegrity and non-interference by parties in control in\nany dialogue on protection assessments.\nGive due consideration to qualitative information\nwhen evaluating protection activities as they cannot\nbe viewed simply through numbers.\nEstablish a periodical donor dialogue at a technical\nlevel with the Protection Sector (WoS & hubs).\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "sector specific\nneeds assessments", - "confidence": 0.9750980734825134, - "start": 401, - "end": 405 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": null, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Syria", - "confidence": 0.8939201235771179, - "start": 332, - "end": 333 - }, - "publication_year": null, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": { - "text": "communities", - "confidence": 0.5089144706726074, - "start": 476, - "end": 477 - }, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9ba27c6-f7da-3987-a0d1-1dceea8a5047/wos_protection_sector_messaging_to_the_third_brussels_conference_march_2019-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "# **Whole of Syria Protection Sector: RESPONSE IN 2018**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**Protection Sector**\nWhole of Syria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|8,841,800 9.4M 233 261 out of 272
SUB-DISTRICTS
out of
94%
TOTAL PROTECTION TOTAL INTERVENTIONS PROTECTION 2,471out of 7252|Syria hub Turkey hub
63% 29%
7% Jordan hub
NES INGOs 1%|Col3|\n|---|---|---|\n|P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Rural Damascus
_M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a_
I R A Q
T U R K E Y
J O R D A N
L E B A N O N
Dar'a
Quneitra
Ar-Raqqa
Al-Hasakeh
Deir-Ez-Zor
Homs
Hama
Idleb
Aleppo
Tartous
Lattakia
Damascu~~s~~
As-Sweida
Interventions by sub-district
1 - 1,000
1,001 - 5,000
5,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 50,000
50,001 - 860,000
Areas with no or limited population
**COHE**
6 - Catastrop
5 - Criti
4 - Sev
3 - Ma
2 - Moder
1 - Min
%
to
%
**INTERVENTIONS* BY GOVERN**
Aleppo
Idleb
Rural Damascus
Al-Hasakeh
Homs
Ar-Raqqa
25%
17%
13%
6%
6%
6%

**INTERVENTIONS DONE IN 2018**
**PERSONS IN NEED RECEIVING**
**AT LEAST ONE INTERVENTION**
**TARGETED FOR 2018**
**2,981,800**
**PARTNERS**

**SUB-DISTRICTS**|||\n|Creation17/02/2019, WoS Protection Sector. Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsment. Information visu|Creation17/02/2019, WoS Protection Sector. Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsment. Information visu|alized on this map is not to be considered complete.|\n\n\nSource: Members, Jordan hub Protection working group, North East Syria (NES) INGOs, Syria hub Protection and Community Services sector, Turkey hub Protection cluster. Feedback: WoS Sector coordinator Elisabetta Brumat (brumat@unhcr.org);\nNGO co-coordinator Sameer Saran (sameer.saran@rescue.org); IMO Ambika Mukund (mukund@unhcr.org)\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9ba27c6-f7da-3987-a0d1-1dceea8a5047/wos_protection_sector_messaging_to_the_third_brussels_conference_march_2019-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS**\n\nUrge all parties to strictly adhere to principles and standards of international humanitarian law and international\nhuman rights law, including the prohibition on launching of indiscriminate attacks and the respect for principles\nof proportionality and precaution.\n\n\n**ATTACKS ON CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE**\n\nIn all high level dialogues with all parties prioritize gaining the commitment of all parties to stop attacks on all\ncivilian infrastructure, in particular medical facilitates and transport, schools, and residential property.\n\n\n**CHILD RECRUITMENT**\n\nUrge all parties to stop all recruitment and use of children in the conflict. Any Syria peace talk must include agreements around specific measures to protect children from being recruited and used in the conflict. Such measures\nshould include a commitment to\ni) prevent the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, through issuing command orders that no boys or\ngirls under the age of 18 should be involved in conflict in any combat or support role and put in place age assessment mechanisms;\nii) expedite their release to civilian child protection actors for rehabilitation and return to civilian life; and facilitate\naccess to the services required in view of their rehabilitation and return to civilian life;\niii) develop protocols for children captured during military operations and allegedly associated with opposing\nforces, including do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for those detaining children.\n\n\n**GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE**\nUrge all humanitarian actors to ensure safe measures are in place to stop and prevent gender-based violence.\n\n\n**IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMANITARIAN MINE ACTION**\nUrge all parties to support humanitarian mine action and alleviate restrictions over the conduct of all activities,\nincluding explosive hazards survey, and clearance, as well as increased access to all areas in need, from\nDamascus, in the North West and North East Syria.\n\n\n**UNHINDERED HUMANITARIAN ACCESS**\nUrge all parties to respect the principle of humanity and ensure unimpeded, regular and sustained humanitarian\naccess for humanitarian actors in all parts of Syria to be able to provide quality protection interventions, including\nto: women and children allegedly affiliated with designated armed groups and deprived of their liberty for purported security reasons, and persons living in areas reporting explosive hazard contamination; Respect independent\nprotection needs assessments and protection monitoring; Commit to the protection of aid workers, local and\ninternational personnel alike, and guaranteeing that they will not be penalized or targeted for having provided\nassistance, especially as lines of control change.\n\n\n**ACCESS TO CIVIL DOCUMENTATION**\nSupport access to civil documentation, including in areas under the control of non-state armed groups, as well\nas the non-retaliation and non-discrimination of individuals based on the sole possession of documents they are\nable to obtain.\n\n\n**HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY RIGHTS**\nCommit to continuous advocacy surrounding the specific needs and current situation of Syrian IDPs and Syrian\nRefugees in all matters pertaining to enacting or amending legislation affecting Housing, Land and Property\nrights, also in relation to the pursuit of durable solutions.\n\n\n**FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT**\nUrge all parties, to ensure freedom of movement. Those who have lost their personal documentation or who\ncould not renew it because of the crisis should not be arbitrarily detained, or discriminated, and the unity of their\nfamilies should be protected. Charges should not be imposed at crossing points. Women and girls must not be\nlimited in their freedom of movement due to restrictive conservative rules or societal customs.\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/a9ba27c6-f7da-3987-a0d1-1dceea8a5047/wos_protection_sector_messaging_to_the_third_brussels_conference_march_2019-2.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_961/raw/doc_961_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_961/raw/doc_961_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 145cf8f8c3825cfdabb17c5b2aec77dbadfd9c91..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_961/raw/doc_961_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 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\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439. (\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0456 \u0413\u041e \u201c\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0421\u041e\u0421\u201d \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c: http://donbasssos.org/baza22092016/ ).\n\n[6] \u0417\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0456 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443: http://www.\nkmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=249225479&cat_id=244277212\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 3\n\n\n\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0456, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434 22 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f 2016 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u2116 646 \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0432\n\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 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**\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0456**\n**\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414.**\n\n\n**\u0417 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0457\u0457**\n**\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0411\u0424 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\u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439**\n**\u0442\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 76 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u0443**\n**\u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445.**\n\n\n\u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u0443 \u043c.\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445\u0430\n\n\n[7] \u0417\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0406\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c (\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443: http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/2080460-edina-baza-pereselencivpovnocinno-zapracue-z-zovtna-reva.html)\n\n[8] \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/646-2016-%D0%BF\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0410\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e\n\n##### \u0420\u0415\u0417\u0423\u041b\u042c\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u041e\u041f\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0406\u0412 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\u0417\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 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\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0456\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 5\n\n##### \u041e\u041f\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0406\u0412 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d,\n\n\n - \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043c. \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0456\u0457\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u043c. \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0442, \u043c. \u0412\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0440, \u043c. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0430, 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\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\n\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 26 % - \u0442\u0430\u043a;**\n\n**\u2022 61 % - \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0454 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e;**\n\n**\u2022 13% - \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e**\n**\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414.**\n\n\n\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f/\u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0434\u043e \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414, \u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\n\u0434\u043e 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\u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0430**\n**\u0454 \u0432 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d, \u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445;**\n\n**\u2022 69,7 % - \u0443\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e / \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e**\n**\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442;**\n\n**\u2022 11,8 % - \u0443\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 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442\n\u0433\u0440\u043d, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u2013 884 \u0433\u0440\u043d, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e - 1130 \u0433\u0440\u043d. (\u0437 1 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f - 1247 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c).\n\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u2013 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\n\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e 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\u0442\u0430\n\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f; \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u0445\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 10-\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0410\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e 8\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414:\n\n\n\n**\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.**\n\n\n\n**\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d**\n**\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 9\n\n\n\u041f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u0421\u0417\u041d \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0404\u0406\u0411\u0414 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\n\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 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\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\n\n\n\n\u0426\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (UNHCR).\n\u0417\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\n\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e,\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044f: **pr@r2p.org.ua**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/0e29c4e9-ab46-3a66-ac1c-70536970bda9/zvit_iedina_inf._baza.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_962/raw/doc_962_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_962/raw/doc_962_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 442d3c6a63e9a2b1e14d9c3d25056680da68b5e6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_962/raw/doc_962_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": 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\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443: https://www.sheltercluster.org/sites/default/files/docs/cc_factsheet_\nmay_2016_ukr.pdf\n2 \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0443 \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 15.08.2016 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0412\u041f\u041e\n\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 1 714 388.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0410\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u041f\u041e 4\n\n\n\u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0414\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0406\u042f\n\n\n\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434 \u0437 11 \u0434\u043e 15 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044f 2016 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457\n\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u00ab\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb (\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 - \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e 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"datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 5\n\n\n\u0417\u0410\u0413\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0406 \u0421\u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0416\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042f\n\n\n\n\n\n\u041c\u041a\u041f \u0443 \u043c. \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0442\n\n\n\n\n**\u2022 70% \u041c\u041a\u041f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e.**\n\n\n**\u2022 \u0423 83% \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437 \u041c\u041a\u041f \u0454 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443.**\n\n\n\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041c\u041a\u041f 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"https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 13\n\n\n\u0429\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\u0437 \u041c\u041a\u041f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044f \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0456-\u0441\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 2015 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 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\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\n\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u041c\u041a\u041f \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0430\n\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0430. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0456\u0437 \u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\u0412\u041f\u041e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u041c\u041a\u041f, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0454 \u0457\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c/\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e.\n\n\n\n\u041c\u041a\u041f \u0443 \u043c. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\n\n\n\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u041c\u041a\u041f, \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f /\n\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 (37%), \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u041f\u041e (26%), \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f/\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 (15 %) \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456. \u0426\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u041f\u041e. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 40% \u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\n\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u0421\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u041c\u041a\u041f,\n\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0454 \u0449\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443\n\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\n\u0432\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0412\u041f\u041e. 34% \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0457\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0430\n\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430.\n\n\n\u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\n\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u041a\u041f. 18% \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\n\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0436 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0432\n\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0457\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 36%\n\u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0443 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0445.\n\n\n\u0422\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 22% \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456, 15%\n\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c, \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u041f\u041e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443\n(63%) \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 34% \u0412\u041f\u041e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c (\u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c), \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443. 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\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "vpl.com.ua 19\n\n\n\u0420\u0415\u041a\u041e\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0426\u0406\u0407\n\n\n\n**\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c**\n**\u0434\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c**\n**\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438**\n\n\n**\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443**\n**\u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432**\n**\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438**\n\n\n**\u041c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c**\n**\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445**\n**\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 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\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 (UNHCR).\n\u0417\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0411\u0424 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\n\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e,\n\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044f: **pr@r2p.org.ua**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/5cf08282-f508-3baa-ad32-fafbe4914342/zvit_za_rezultatami_monitoringu_mkp.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_97/raw/doc_97_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_97/raw/doc_97_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 925a4cdab810e219cbb207ce5215591a5030e6e0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_97/raw/doc_97_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "# **NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH**\n\n**Research Paper No. 125**\n\n# **The Refugee Convention as a rights blueprint** **for persons in need of international protection**\n\n**Jane McAdam**\n\nFaculty of Law\nUniversity of Sydney\nAustralia\n\nE-mail : janem@law.usyd.edu.au\n\nJuly 2006\n\n\n**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Policy Development and Evaluation Service**\n**United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees**\n**CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2**\n**Switzerland**\n\n**E-mail: hqep00@unhcr.org**\n**Web Site: www.unhcr.org**\n\nThese papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well\nas external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related\nissues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available\nonline under \u2018publications\u2019 at .\n\nISSN 1020-7473\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Introduction**\n\nSince coming into force in 1954, the Refugee Convention [1] has been the central\ninternational instrument on refugee status, supplemented by the 1967 Protocol [2] which\nextended its temporal and (with respect to some States) geographical application. In\nthe half-century since the Convention\u2019s inception, international human rights law has\nevolved as a sophisticated system of rights and duties between the individual and the\nState, which has affected traditional notions of State sovereignty and behaviour in an\nunprecedented manner. [3] Yet, despite the influence of \u2018international human rights law\u2019\non the regulation of State behaviour, there has been a general reluctance by States,\nacademics and institutions to view human rights law, refugee law and humanitarian\nlaw as branches of an interconnected, holistic regime, [4] particularly when it comes to\ntriggering eligibility for protection beyond the scope of article 1A(2) of the\nConvention.\n\n\nComplementary protection is largely about this intersection. A feature of most\nwestern protection regimes, it describes protection granted by States to individuals\nwith international protection needs falling outside the 1951 Convention framework. [5] It\nmay be based on human rights treaties, such as the prohibition on _refoulement_\nexpressly in article 3 of the CAT [6] and impliedly in article 7 ICCPR, [7] or on more\ngeneral humanitarian principles, such as providing assistance to persons fleeing from\n\n\nA revised version of this paper is forthcoming in an edited collection to be published by Berghahn\nBooks, edited by the present author.\n\n1 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (adopted 28 July 1951, entered into force 22 April\n1954) 189 UNTS 137.\n2 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (adopted 31 January 1967, entered into force 4 October\n1967) 606 UNTS 267.\n3 eg Human Rights Act 1998 c 42 (UK).\n4 It is refreshing to note, however, that the 2006 International Law Association (British Branch)\nconference considered these issues under the general conference theme: \u2018Tower of Babel: International\nLaw in the 21 [st] Century\u2014Coherent or Compartmentalised?\u2019.\n5 Australia is exceptional in having no formal system of complementary protection. The only means for\nan asylum seeker to have a non-Convention protection claim considered in Australia is if, following a\nnegative primary decision and an unsuccessful appeal to the Refugee Review Tribunal, he or she seeks\nto invoke the non-compellable, non-delegable and non-reviewable discretion of the Minister for\nImmigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs under section 417 of the Migration Act 1958\n(Cth). For a critique of this section and suggested alternatives to it, see Senate Select Committee on\nMinisterial Discretion in Migration Matters: Senate Select Committee on Ministerial Discretion in\nMigration Matters _Report_ (Commonwealth of Australia March 2004)\n (8 January 2005) esp Ch 8. For a\ndiscussion of how complementary protection might operate in the Australian context, see eg Refugee\nCouncil of Australia, National Council of Churches in Australia and Amnesty International Australia\n\u2018Complementary Protection: The Way Ahead\u2019 (April 2004)\n (2 November 2005); UNHCR Australia \u2018Discussion Paper:\nComplementary Protection\u2019 (No 2, 2005) (2\nNovember 2005). New Zealand does not at present have a complementary protection regime, but it is\nhighly likely that one will be introduced into the Immigration Act as part of current reforms: Dept of\nLabour \u2018Immigration Act Review: Discussion Paper\u2019 (April 2006) section 14.\n6 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment\n(adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987) 1465 UNTS 85.\n7 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 Dec 1966, entered into force 23\nMarch 1976) 999 UNTS 171.\n\n\n1\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "generalized violence. [8] (It is on this latter basis that temporary protection in mass\ninflux situations is premised.) Importantly, complementary protection derives from\nlegal obligations preventing return, rather than from compassionate reasons or\npractical obstacles to removal. Even though these latter instances of \u2018protection\u2019 may\nbe humanitarian in nature, they are not based on international protection obligations\nper se and therefore do not fall within the legal domain of \u2018complementary\nprotection\u2019.\n\n\nAt first glance, it appears that international law has little to say about the relatively\namorphous concept of complementary protection. Although there is longstanding\nState practice of protecting extra-Convention refugees, encompassed by such terms as\n\u2018de facto refugees\u2019, \u2018B status refugees\u2019, \u2018OAU and Cartagena-type refugees\u2019 and\n\u2018humanitarian refugees\u2019, the term \u2018complementary protection\u2019 appears in no\ninternational treaty and has no singular connotation in State practice. [9] An EXCOM\nConclusion adopted in October 2005 specifically refers to \u2018complementary\nprotection\u2019, but does not define it. [10]\n\n\nThe first binding, supranational instrument on complementary protection was\nconcluded in April 2004 by the European Union, but it adopts the term \u2018subsidiary\nprotection\u2019 instead. Beneficiaries of subsidiary protection are defined as those facing a\nreal risk of the death penalty or execution, torture or inhuman or degrading treatment\nor punishment in the country of origin, or a serious and individual threat to their life\nor person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal\narmed conflict, [11] and who do not meet the Convention definition of a refugee.\nSignificantly, the Qualification Directive also sets out the rights to which beneficiaries\nare entitled. This is a considerable step forward for some EU States, which previously\nsimply \u2018tolerated\u2019 the presence of non-removable persons but did not grant them a\nformal legal status. There are well-documented cases of the financial, social and\n\n\n8 See D Perluss and JF Hartman \u2018Temporary Refuge: Emergence of a Customary Norm\u2019 (1986) 26\nVirginia Journal of International Law 551; GS Goodwin-Gill \u2018 _Non-Refoulement_ and the New Asylum\nSeekers\u2019 (1986) 26 Virginia Journal of International Law 897; cf K Hailbronner \u2018 _Non-Refoulement_ and\n\u201cHumanitarian\u201d Refugees: Customary International Law or Wishful Legal Thinking?\u2019 (1986) 26\nVirginia Journal of International Law 857.\n9 See survey of State practice in R Mandal \u2018Protection Mechanisms outside of the 1951 Convention\n(\u201cComplementary Protection\u201d)\u2019 UNHCR Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, PPLA/2005/02\n(June 2005). For discussion of OAU Convention refugees, see text to n72. Refugees under the\nCartagena Declaration include \u2018persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or\nfreedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive\nviolation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u2019:\nCartagena Declaration on Refugees (22 November 1984) in Annual Report of the Inter-American\nCommission on Human Rights OAS Doc OEA/Ser.L/V/II.66/doc.10, rev.1, 190\u201393 (1984\u201385)\nConclusion 3.\n10 ExCom Conclusion No 103 (LVI) \u2018The Provision of International Protection including through\nComplementary Forms of Protection\u2019 (2005). For background discussion paper: Mandal (n9); ExCom\nStanding Committee 33 [rd] Meeting \u2018Providing International Protection including through\nComplementary Forms of Protection\u2019 UN Doc EC/55/SC/CRP.16 (2 June 2005); on original\nrecommendation for an ExCom Conclusion: UNHCR _Agenda for Protection_ (2 [nd] edn March 2000) 34;\nfor text of preliminary draft: Global Consultations on International Protection \u2018Complementary Forms\nof Protection\u2019 UN Doc EC/GC/01/18 (4 September 2001) [11].\n11 Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on Minimum Standards for the Qualification and\nStatus of Third Country Nationals or Stateless Persons as Refugees or as Persons Who Otherwise Need\nInternational Protection and the Content of the Protection Granted [2004] OJ L304/12 art 15.\n\n\n2\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "psychological hardship suffered by persons left in legal limbo. [12] However, rather than\nrecognizing the _need_ for protection as triggering protection entitlements equivalent to\nthose of Convention refugees, part of the political compromise reached in drafting the\nQualification Directive was the dilution of standards for beneficiaries of _subsidiary_\nprotection. While certain delegations sought to justify a secondary status on the\nground that subsidiary protection needs are of a more temporary nature\u2014an assertion\nnot supported by empirical evidence\u2014ultimately no legal justification was offered to\nsupport the establishment of a protection hierarchy. [13] In addition to the unjustified\ndilution of subsidiary protection beneficiaries\u2019 rights, differentiation in treatment may\nlead to States favouring subsidiary protection by \u2018defining out\u2019 categories of persons\nwho legitimately fall within article 1A(2), so as to avoid the more stringent\nobligations required for Refugee Convention refugees. Procedurally, it may also\ncreate an incentive for appeal by beneficiaries of subsidiary protection, attempting to\n\u2018upgrade\u2019 their status. [14]\n\n\nThis paper seeks to establish the fundamental conceptual connections between\ninternational refugee law and human rights law in order to argue that under\n_international_ law, beneficiaries of protection, whether as Convention refugees or\notherwise, are entitled to an identical status. While there are clear policy reasons why\nthis should be the case, there are also cogent legal arguments that support the\nextension of Convention status to extra-Convention refugees. These are based on a\nconceptualization of international law as a body of interrelated norms that must be\ninterpreted in relation to, and be informed by, each other.\n\n\nThe discussion begins by reflecting on the inadequacy of human rights law in\nproviding a legal _status_ for beneficiaries of complementary protection. I argue that\nwhile human rights attach to all persons in principle\u2014irrespective of their nationality\nor formal legal status [15] \u2014in practice such characteristics can significantly affect the\nextent of rights an individual is actually accorded. In reality, States _do_ differentiate\nbetween the rights of citizens and the rights of aliens (and even between different\ncategories of aliens), premising this on their sovereign right to determine who remains\nin their territories and under what conditions. While the rights set out in the Refugee\nConvention are not inherently superior to those in the universal human rights treaties,\n\n\n12 See eg _Ahmed v Austria_ (1997) 24 EHRR 278, and discussion in O Andrysek \u2018Gaps in International\nProtection and the Potential for Redress through Individual Complaints Procedures\u2019 (1997) 9\nInternational Journal of Refugee Law 392.\n13 GS Goodwin-Gill and A Hurwitz \u2018Memorandum\u2019 in Minutes of Evidence Taken before the EU\nCommittee (Sub-Committee E) (10 April 2002) [19], in House of Lords Select Committee on the EU\n_Defining Refugee Status and Those in Need of International Protection_ (The Stationery Office London\n2002) Oral Evidence 2\u20133. This is contrasted to Canadian practice relating to \u2018protected persons\u2019:\nImmigration and Nationality Act 2001 ss 95\u201397.\n14 House of Lords Select Committee (n13) [102], [111]. The Minister (Angela Eagle MP Parliamentary\nUnder Secretary of State at the Home Office) acknowledged that this already happens. For a discussion\nof appeal processes, see J McAdam \u2018Complementary Protection and Beyond: How States Deal with\nHuman Rights Protection\u2019 UNHCR _New Issues in Refugee Research_ Working Paper No 118 (Geneva\nAugust 2005).\n15 Although certain exceptions exist with respect to political rights reserved for citizens (art 25 ICCPR);\nsee also arts 12(3), 13. See Human Rights Committee \u2018General Comment 15: The Position of Aliens\nunder the Covenant\u2019 (11 April 1986), reinforced by Human Rights Committee \u2018General Comment 31:\nThe Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant\u2019 UN Doc\nCCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13 (29 March 2004) [10]; Committee on the Elimination of Racial\nDiscrimination \u2018General Recommendation XI on Non-Citizens (Art 1)\u2019 (19 March 1993) in UN Doc\nA/46/18.\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "being largely based on the latter, [16] they are applied in a different way. Whereas a\ngrant of Convention status entitles the recipient to the full gamut of Convention rights,\nno comparable status arises from recognition of an individual\u2019s protection need under\na human rights instrument. The Refugee Convention alone creates a status recognized\nin domestic law. [17]\n\n\nThus, although I would like to be able to point to human rights law as offering a\ncomplementary and, in part, more generous set of rights than the Refugee Convention,\nthe generality and vagueness of those rights, combined with a lack of implementing\nmechanisms at the domestic level, make them in practice comparatively weak.\nAlthough the universal human rights instruments grant a comprehensive set of rights\nto all persons within a State\u2019s jurisdiction, [18] international human rights law is strong\non principle but weak on delivery. [19]\n\n\nIt is for this reason that the paper then seeks to demonstrate, through historical\nanalysis, why the status set out in the Refugee Convention should attach to all those\nwhom the principle of _non-refoulement_ protects. This does not have to be viewed as\nan attempt to broaden the scope of article 1A(2), but rather as recognition that the\nwidening of _non-refoulement_ under customary international law and treaty requires a\nconcomitant consideration of the status which beneficiaries acquire. Though a\nspecialist treaty, the Refugee Convention nevertheless forms part of the corpus of\nhuman rights law, both informing and informed by it. Accordingly, with respect to the\nstatus it confers on protected persons, [20] the Convention acts as a type of _lex specialis_ .\nIt does not seek to displace the _lex generalis_ of international human rights law, but\nrather complements and strengthens its application.\n\n\n**The inadequacy of** _**non-refoulement**_ **plus human rights law alone**\n\n\nBeyond providing a widened threshold for claiming protection, international human\nrights law alone is an inadequate alternative source of substantive protection. Many\n\n\n16 Many of the provisions of the Convention were based on the UDHR and the draft ICCPR and\nICESCR: see nn 47 and 48 below.\n17 H Lambert \u2018Protection against _Refoulement_ from Europe: Human Rights Law Comes to the Rescue\u2019\n(1999) 48 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 515, 519; _Ahmed v Austria_ (1997) 24 EHRR\n278; _BB v France_ App No 30930/96 (9 March 1998). It is not surprising that treaties such as the CAT\ndo not articulate a resultant status for those who benefit from human rights-based _non-refoulement_ . For\nexample, the purpose of the CAT was not to enumerate the rights of persons protected from\n_refoulement_, but rather to strengthen the existing prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or\ndegrading treatment or punishment under international law through a number of supportive measures.\nSee JH Burgers and H Danelius _The United Nations Convention against Torture: A Handbook on the_\n_Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment_\n(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Dordrecht 1988). Hathaway argues that refugee rights consist of \u2018an\namalgam of principles drawn from both refugee law and the [human rights] Covenants\u2019, and that\nrefugee \u2018status\u2019 should now be understood as comprising a combination of these: JC Hathaway _The_\n_Rights of Refugees under International Law_ (CUP Cambridge 2005) 9. Certainly, where this is the case,\nthat more comprehensive status should also be accorded to beneficiaries of complementary protection\nfor the same reasons as advanced above.\n18 With the exception of certain rights granted to citizens only: see n15.\n19 Thanks to Prof Chris McCrudden (Lincoln College, University of Oxford) for this description.\n20 Complications arise with respect to persons whom States cannot remove under human rights law, but\nwho are expressly excluded from refugee status by article 1F of the Refugee Convention. Their status\nunder international law is addressed in J McAdam _Seeking Refuge in Human Rights: Complementary_\n_Protection in International Refugee Law_ (OUP Oxford forthcoming).\n\n\n4\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "States undertake human rights obligations at the formal level, but do not ensure that\nthe rights subscribed to can actually be claimed. [21] Unless special measures are taken\nto ensure that such provisions are translated into national law, then certain benefits\nmay be inaccessible. [22] Even where individuals may not be barred from enjoyment of a\nright, \u2018they are in practice often deprived of it inasmuch as it is dependent on the\nfulfilment of certain formalities, such as production of documents, intervention of\nconsular or other authorities, with which \u2026 they are not in a position to comply.\u2019 [23]\nWhile human rights law requires States to respect the rights it sets out in relation to _all_\npersons within its jurisdiction or territory, the quality of each right may vary\ndepending on the individual\u2019s legal position vis-\u00e0-vis the State. Thus, while the\n_standard_ of compliance with human rights law is international, the State retains\ndiscretion in its choice of _implementation_ [24] _-_ whether and how to incorporate treaty\nprovisions into domestic law.\n\n\nThere is therefore a gap between the theory of human rights and the ability to enjoy\nthose rights. [25] As Hathaway notes, \u2018[t]he divergence between the theory and the\nreality of international human rights law is strikingly apparent.\u2019 [26] At the international\nlevel, the content of rights is very broad and ill-defined, and it may be possible for\nStates to \u2018guarantee\u2019 such rights without doing much towards their positive\nimplementation. A common problem is that State constitutions often guarantee rights\nonly to \u2018citizens\u2019, [27] making enforcement for non-citizens\u2019 rights difficult. In 1967,\nWeis described international measures for safeguarding human rights as \u2018modest\u2019, [28]\nand nearly 25 years later Hathaway still characterized them as \u2018generally sluggish and\nonly occasionally effective.\u2019 [29] As Goodwin-Gill observes, the test of whether a treaty\nis effectively implemented domestically depends not on form alone, but on an overall\nassessment of practice. [30]\n\n\nIt is this that makes reliance on human rights law, either alone or in combination with\n_non-refoulement_ under customary international law, [31] a precarious option. Even\nthough the Refugee Convention repeats many of the same rights as the universal\ntreaties, its retention as a specialist refugee instrument is not redundant. As Hathaway\nargues, refugee law has its own legitimacy, and coordination between refugee and\nhuman rights law should not lead to a downgrading of protection for persons in need\n\n\n21 GS Goodwin-Gill and J Kumin \u2018Refugees in Limbo and Canada\u2019s International Obligations\u2019\n(Caledon Institute of Social Policy September 2000) 4.\n22 ibid 5.\n23 Ad Hoc Committee on Statelessness and Related Problems \u2018A Study of Statelessness\u2019 UN Doc\nE/1112, E/1112.Add.1 (NY August 1949); Andrysek (n12) 411.\n24 GS Goodwin-Gill _The Refugee in International_ Law (2nd edn OUP Oxford 1996) 237.\n25 UNHCR \u2018Note on International Protection\u2019 A/AC.96/898 (3 July 1998) [45].\n26 JC Hathaway \u2018Reconceiving Refugee Law as Human Rights Protection\u2019 (1991) 4 Journal of Refugee\nStudies 113, 113.\n27 ECOSOC Commission on Human Rights \u2018Prevention of Discrimination: The Rights of NonCitizens\u2019 (26 May 2003) E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/23 [24]; \u2018General Comment 15\u2019 (n15) [3].\n28 P Weis \u2018Human Rights and Refugees\u2019 Lecture, Yale University Law School (7 November 1967) 13\n(Refugee Studies Centre (Oxford) Archive WEIS A21.6 WEI).\n29 Hathaway (n26) 113.\n30 Goodwin-Gill and Kumin (n21) 4.\n31 For its scope, see E Lauterpacht and D Bethlehem \u2018The Scope and Content of the Principle of _Non-_\n_Refoulement_ : Opinion\u2019 in E Feller, V T\u00fcrk and F Nicholson (eds) _Refugee Protection in International_\n_Law: UNHCR\u2019s Global Consultations on International Protection_ (CUP Cambridge 2003).\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "of international protection. [32] Furthermore, if the substantive rights of beneficiaries of\ncomplementary protection were dependent on human rights law alone, the quality of\nprotection would be contingent on the combination of treaties ratified (and\nimplemented) by the State and status would consequently be very inconsistent. [33] For\nexample, while the ICESCR and many of the ILO Conventions cover similar rights to\narticles 17 to 24 of the Convention, certain parties to the Convention have not ratified\nthose instruments and hence they would not apply. [34]\n\n\n**The Refugee Convention as a human rights treaty** [35]\n\n\nGiven this state of affairs, it is important to inquire into whether there is a means of\nextending the protection which States recognize for Convention refugees to others in\nneed of international protection. Accordingly, this part of the paper considers the\nhistorical context in which the Refugee Convention arose, and takes a dynamic\napproach towards interpreting how that may have a bearing on the expansion of the\nprinciple of _non-refoulement_ to those falling outside the terms of article 1A(2). It does\nthis in light of the Convention\u2019s humanitarian object and purpose [36] to ensure to\n\u2018refugees the widest possible exercise of \u2026 fundamental rights and freedoms\u2019, [37] and\nby deriving or inferring [38] subsequent agreement between the contracting States and\nState practice bearing on the Convention\u2019s interpretation. [39] Relevant examples include\nthe regional OAU Convention and Cartagena Declaration, the 2005 ExCom\nConclusion on complementary protection, and the various domestic regimes States\nhave consistently implemented in response to flows of extra-Convention refugees.\n\n\nThe drafting of the 1951 Convention represented a \u2018profound re-orientation\u2019 in\nrefugee organizations, agreements and agendas, but it was \u2018 _evolution_, not\n_revolution_ \u2019. [40] In 1947, the Commission on Human Rights adopted a resolution that\n\u2018early consideration be given by the United Nations to the legal status of persons who\ndo not enjoy the protection of any Government, in particular the acquisition of\n\n\n32 Hathaway (n26) 117. States that are not party to the Convention do not have superior protection\nregimes: see eg BS Chimni \u2018The Legal Condition of Refugees in India\u2019 (1994) 7 Journal of Refugee\nStudies 378, 398; A Helton \u2018What is Refugee Protection?\u2019 (1990) Spec Issue International Journal of\nRefugee Law 119, 125.\n33 In monist States, international treaties have direct effect, whereas in dualist States, they must be\nimplemented domestically following ratification to be justiciable.\n34 W K\u00e4lin \u2018The Legal Condition of Refugees in Switzerland\u2019 (1994) 7 Journal of Refugee Studies 82,\n95.\n35 IC Jackson _The Refugee Concept in Group Situations_ (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers The Hague\n1999); UNHCR \u2018Note on International Protection\u2019 UN Doc A/AC.96/975 (2 July 2003) [49]\u2013[52]\nemphasizes relevance of human rights law to refugee issues.\n36 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January\n1980) 1155 UNTS 331 art 31(1). Even though the Vienna Convention was adopted after the conclusion\nof the Refugee Convention, it is codifies principles of customary international law and is therefore\napplicable. ExCom has noted that refugee law is a dynamic body of law which is \u2018informed by the\nobject and purpose\u2019 of the Convention and Protocol \u2018and by developments in related areas of\ninternational law, such as human rights and international humanitarian law\u2019: ExCom Conclusion on\nComplementary Protection (n10) para (c).\n37 Refugee Convention Preamble.\n38 Goodwin-Gill (n24) 367, discussing the Vienna Convention rules in relation to interpretation of the\nRefugee Convention. .\n39 Vienna Convention art 31(3).\n40 GS Goodwin-Gill \u2018Editorial: The International Protection of Refugees: What Future?\u2019 (2000) 12\nInternational Journal of Refugee Law 1, 2.\n\n\n6\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nationality, as regards their legal status and social protection and their\ndocumentation.\u2019 [41] At the request of ECOSOC, the Ad Hoc Committee on\nStatelessness and Related Problems was asked to draft a binding legal instrument to\nimplement articles 14 and 15 of the UDHR, [42] firmly cementing the Convention\u2019s\nfoundations in human rights law. Its purpose was to \u2018consolidate existing agreements\nand conventions and, further, to determine the status of those refugees who had so far\nenjoyed no protection under any of the existing instruments.\u2019 [43] Although the\nConvention took as its departure point human rights principles contained in the\nUDHR, it revised, consolidated and substantially extended earlier agreements to\ncreate a new protection regime. [44] Many substantive provisions were based on\nprinciples of the UDHR [45] and the embryonic ICCPR and ICESCR, known then as the\ndraft Covenant on Human Rights. [46]\n\n\nThe Convention was to establish practical but universal standards [47] for the rights of\nrefugees that went beyond the lowest common denominator, \u2018since a convention\nwould hardly be useful if it contained only the minimum acceptable to everyone.\u2019 [48]\nEarly UNGA resolutions support its underlying human rights basis, with an emphasis\non assisting the most needy, [49] affirming basic principles relating to solutions, [50] and\nrecommending increased protection activities. [51]\n\n\nThe result is a specialist human rights treaty that reflects the tenets of the UDHR,\nICCPR and ICESCR in such provisions as the acquisition of property, the right to\nwork, housing, public education, public relief, labour legislation, social security, and\n\n\n41 Commission on Human Rights Report to ECOSOC on the 2nd Session of the Commission Held at\nGeneva from 2 to 17 December 1947 (1948) UN Doc E/600 [46], in P Weis \u2018Human Rights and\nRefugees\u2019 (1971) 1 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 35, 37.\n42 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217A (III); Ad\nHoc Committee on Statelessness and Related Problems, First Session \u2018Summary Record of the 1 [st]\nMeeting\u2019 (NY 16 January 1950) UN Doc E/AC.32/SR.1 (23 January 1950) [4] (Secretariat).\n43 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Summary Record of\nthe 2 [nd] Meeting\u2019 (Geneva 2 July 1951) UN Doc A/CONF.2/SR.2 (20 July 1951) 9 (High\nCommissioner).\n44 Refugee Convention Preamble.\n45 \u2018Comments on the Draft Convention and Protocol: General Observations\u2019 Annex II to Ad Hoc\nCommittee on Statelessness and Related Problems \u2018Draft Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on\nStatelessness and Related Problems\u2019 (16 January\u2013February 1950) UN Doc E/AC.32/L.38 (15 February\n1950) 36 (art 3 non-discrimination), 46 (art 26 education); Ad Hoc Committee on Statelessness and\nRelated Problems \u2018Refugees and Stateless Persons: Compilation of the Comments of Governments and\nSpecialized Agencies on the Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Statelessness and Related Problems\u2019\n(Document E/1618) UN Doc E/AC.32/L.40 (10 August 1950) 31 (France on UDHR art 29(1)).\n46 \u2018Comments on the Draft Convention and Protocol: General Observations\u2019 (n45) 58; see UN Doc\nE/1572, 12 (art 32 (then art 27) expulsion).\n47 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Summary Record of\nthe 2 [nd] Meeting\u2019 (Geneva 2 July 1951) UN Doc A/CONF.2/SR.2 (20 July 1951) 18 (High\nCommissioner); Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons\n\u2018Summary Record of the 3 [rd] Meeting\u2019 (3 July 1951) UN Doc A/CONF.2/SR.3 (19 November 1951) 10\n(France).\n48 Ad Hoc Committee on Statelessness and Related Problems, First Session \u2018Summary Record of the\n25 [th] Meeting\u2019 (NY 10 February 1950) UN Doc E/AC.32/SR.25 (17 February 1950) [68].\n49 UNGA Res 639 (VI) of 20 December 1952; UNGA Res 728 (VIII) of 23 October 1953.\n50 UNGA Res 1166 (XII) of 26 November 1957; ECOSOC Res 686 (XXVI) B of 21 July 1958.\n51 UNGA Res 1284 (XIII) of 5 December 1958 [1], in GS Goodwin-Gill \u2018The Language of Protection\u2019\n(1989) 1 International Journal of Refugee Law 6, 14.\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "freedom of movement. [52] Moreover, it reinforces States\u2019 protection of refugees as an\ninternational legal duty, arising from article 14 of the UDHR and embodied in binding\nform by the principle of _non-refoulement_ in article 33 of the Convention. As one\ncommentator remarks: \u2018The framers\u2019 unambiguous reference in the Preamble of the\n1951 Convention to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights indicates a desire for\nthe refugee definition to evolve in tandem with human rights principles.\u2019 [53]\nLauterpacht and Bethlehem stress that the law on human rights that has emerged since\nthe Convention\u2019s conclusion is \u2018an essential part of [its] framework \u2026 that must, by\nreference to the ICJ\u2019s observations in the _Namibia_ case, be taken into account for\npurposes of interpretation.\u2019 [54] UNHCR has also emphasized that:\n\n\nThe human rights base of the Convention roots it quite directly in the\nbroader framework of human rights instruments of which it is an integral\npart, albeit with a very particular focus. The various human rights treaty\nmonitoring bodies and the jurisprudence developed by regional bodies\nsuch as the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American\nCourt of Human Rights are an important complement in this regard, not\nleast since they recognize that refugees and asylum-seekers benefit both\nfrom specific Convention-based protection and from the range of general\nhuman rights protections as they apply to all people, regardless of\nstatus. [55]\n\n\nWhile developments in human rights law may shape interpretations of \u2018persecution\u2019, [56]\nthey may also _independently_ form grounds for non-removal. Article 3 CAT, article 7\nICCPR and article 3 ECHR [57] are recognized sources of human rights _non-refoulement_\n(or complementary protection) which prohibit removal in circumstances additional to\n(and sometimes overlapping with) article 1A(2). External to and independent of the\nConvention, [58] the instruments provide only a trigger for protection and do not\nelaborate a resultant legal status. The main problem with the EU Qualification\nDirective, and one which has characterized many ad hoc complementary protection\nschemes, is that beneficiaries do not receive the same level of rights as Convention\nrefugees. In so far as there is no legal justification for distinguishing between the\nstatus granted to Convention or extra-Convention refugees, [59] it makes sense that the\n\n\n52 J Patrnogic \u2018International Protection of Refugees in Armed Conflicts\u2019 (reprinted by UNHCR\nProtection Division from Annales de Droit International M\u00e9dical (July 1981)) section 4.\n53 MR von Sternberg The Grounds of Refugee Protection in the Context of International Human Rights\nand Humanitarian Law: Canadian and United States Case Law Compared (Martinus Nijhoff The Hague\n2002) 314.\n54 Lauterpacht and Bethlehem (n31) [75].\n55 UNHCR \u2018Note on International Protection\u2019 UN Doc A/AC.96/951 (13 September 2001) [4].\n56 See JC Hathaway The Law of Refugee Status (Butterworths Canada 1991) 112, approved in Horvath\nv Sect\u2019y of State for the Home Dept [2001] 1 AC 489 (HL) 495 (Lord Hope of Craighead); Sepet v\nSect\u2019y of State for the Home Dept [2002] 1 WLR 856 (HL) [7] (Lord Bingham); Ullah v Sect\u2019y of\nState for the Home Dept [2004] UKHL 26 [32] (Lord Steyn); International Association of Refugee\nLaw Judges Human Rights Nexus Working Party \u2018Rapporteur\u2019s Report\u2019 (1998 Annual Conference\nOttawa 12\u201317 October 1998) 8. See eg gender-related persecution.\n57 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention\non Human Rights, as amended) (4 November 1950).\n58 Although some States may procedurally determine the order in which protection may be invoked.\n59 UNHCR\u2019s Observations on the European Commission\u2019s Proposal for a Council Directive on\nMinimum Standards for the Qualification and Status of Third Country Nationals and Stateless Persons\nas Refugees or as Persons Who Otherwise Need International Protection\u2019 14109/01 ASILE 54 (16\n\n\n8\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Convention, as a \u2018Magna Carta for the persecuted\u2019, [60] applies to both. It is argued that\nsince the Convention is itself a specialist human rights instrument, the protection\nconceptualization it embodies is necessarily extended by developments in human\nrights law, rather than via the conventional means of a protocol. It therefore acts as a\nform of _lex specialis_ which applies to persons encompassed by that extended concept\nof protection.\n\n\n**\u2018Humanitarian refugees\u2019: Article 1A(1)**\n\n\nAnalysis of the Convention\u2019s conceptualization of \u2018protection\u2019 invariably focuses on\nthe refugee definition in article 1A(2), since an individual must satisfy its\nrequirements to trigger Convention status. Article 1A(1), which extends the benefits\nof the 1951 Convention to any person who\n\n\n[h]as been considered a refugee under the Arrangements of 12 May 1926\nand 30 June 1928 or under the Conventions of 28 October 1933 and 10\nFebruary 1938, the Protocol of 14 September 1939 or the Constitution of\nthe International Refugee Organization\n\n\nis generally overlooked as an historical remnant. Although eligibility under article\n1A(1) is retrospective, the fact that the Convention recognizes all previous refugee\ndefinitions as giving rise to Convention status is significant, since they typically\nprotected victims of armed conflict or communal violence. The incorporation of these\ndefinitions necessarily broadens the Convention\u2019s conceptual basis of protection,\nmaking it difficult to sustain the argument that, conceptually, the Convention does not\nsupport the grant of its international legal status to persons fleeing situations of armed\nconflict or communal violence. [61] This has particular significance for persons seeking\ncomplementary protection on the basis of civil war, and challenges the EU\u2019s current\napproach of creating a new and separate protection status for such persons.\n\n\nFurthermore, even though an applicant today cannot invoke an article 1A(1)\ninstrument as the basis of an asylum claim, the fact that Convention status flows from\nthe definitions contained in those instruments, which embody what Melander has\ntermed the \u2018humanitarian refugee\u2019 concept, [62] makes it more difficult to justify\ndifferential treatment for persons seeking complementary protection on similar\ngrounds. Not only has State practice continued to recognize both \u2018humanitarian\u2019 and\nConvention refugees, but the dominant legal refugee instrument implicitly retains the\nhumanitarian concept of protection within its definitional provision, further\nilluminating the Convention\u2019s object and purpose. [63]\n\n\nNovember 2001) [46]; UNHCR \u2018Note on Key Issues of Concern to UNHCR on the Draft Qualification\nDirective\u2019 (March 2004) 2.\n60 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Summary Record of\nthe 19 [th] Meeting\u2019 (Geneva 13 July 1951) UN Doc A/CONF.2/SR.19 (26 November 1951) 27\n(International Association of Penal Law).\n61 Of course, many of those fleeing such circumstances may qualify for protection under article 1A(2).\nFor discussion of this, see Mandal (n9) [21]\u2013[24].\n62 G Melander \u2018Refugee Policy Options\u2014Protection or Assistance\u2019 in G Rystad (ed) _The Uprooted:_\n_Forced Migration as an International Problem in the Post-War Era_ (Lund University Press Lund\n1990) 146\u201347.\n63 Vienna Convention art 31(1).\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Thus, while the text of article 1A(1) does not support an argument that the provision\nitself gives rise to additional grounds for claiming protection under the Convention, its\nimplicit incorporation of earlier legal definitions of \u2018refugee\u2019 (and the concepts of\nprotection which those definitions embody) supports the view that the Convention\ntolerates a broader protection concept than article 1A(2) might suggest, and that\nConvention status is the appropriate status for persons in need of international\nprotection for humanitarian reasons.\n\n\n**Recommendation E of the Final Act**\n\n\nRecommendation E of the Final Act of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries, which is\nappended to the Refugee Convention, expresses \u2018the hope that the Convention relating\nto the Status of Refugees will have value as an example exceeding its contractual\nscope and that all nations will be guided by it in granting so far as possible to persons\n\n\nin their territory as refugees, and who would not be covered by the terms of the\nConvention, the treatment for which it provides.\u2019 This was a UK initiative, prompted\nby the deletion of a former article which would have allowed the Contracting States to\nadd to the definition of the term \u2018refugee\u2019. [64] The UK representative explained that his\ndelegation had felt that a general recommendation was called for to cover those\nclasses of refugees who were altogether outside the scope of article 1A. [65]\n\n\nRecommendation E of reveals that the drafters of the 1951 Convention to some extent\n\u2018envisaged a complementary protection system\u2019. [66] This statement needs further\nexplanation to avoid any suggestion that the drafters envisaged a separate\ncomplementary protection system operating outside the Convention\u2019s parameters,\nwhich is not sustained when one considers the phrasing of the Recommendation.\nCertainly the Recommendation envisages the expansion of the Convention to\nencompass additional categories of refugees not provided for by the terms of article\n1A(2) of the Convention. [67] Its wording makes clear that what is imagined is not a\n\n\n64 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Texts of the Draft\nConvention and the Draft Protocol to be Considered by the Conference\u2019 UN Doc A/CONF.2/1 (12\nMarch 1951) 5 (citations omitted). A Final Act to a treaty provides a formal summary of the conference\nproceedings, and may also seek to establish political, rather than legal, agreement on particular issues\nor set out matters for future discussion. It may also provide a useful aid for interpretation of the treaty,\nand at times the treaty text may even be incorporated into the Final Act: see I Brownlie _Principles of_\n_Public International Law_ (5 [th] edn OUP Oxford 1998) 610; A Aust _Modern Treaty Law and Practice_\n(CUP Cambridge 200) 73\u201374.\n65 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Summary Record of\nthe 35 [th] Meeting\u2019 (Geneva 25 July 1951) UN Doc A/CONF.2/SR.35 (3 December 1951) 44.\n66 H Storey and others \u2018Complementary Protection: Should There Be a Common Approach to\nProviding Protection to Persons Who Are Not Covered by the 1951 Geneva Convention?\u2019 (Joint\nILPA/IARLJ Symposium 6 December 1999) (copy with author) 4.\n67 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u201835th Meeting\u2019 (n65)\n44. In 1966, it was observed that Recommendation E of the Final Act had encouraged States to\n\u2018frequently accord the treatment provided for in the Convention to persons not falling within its terms\u2019:\nProposed Measures to Extend the Personal Scope of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees\nof 28 July 1951 (Submitted by the High Commissioner in Accordance with Paragraph 5(b) of General\nAssembly Resolution 1166 (XII) of 26 November 1957) (12 October 1966) UN Doc A/AC.96/346 [2].\n\n\n10\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "complementary status for such categories, but rather that the terms of the Convention\nitself would be extended by the General Assembly [68] :\n\n\nEXPRESSES the hope that the Convention relating to the Status of\nRefugees will have value as an example _exceeding its contractual scope_\nand that all nations will be guided by it in _granting_ so far as possible to\npersons in their territory _as refugees_ and who would not be covered by\nthe terms of the Convention, _the treatment for which it provides_ .\n(emphasis added)\n\n\nRead in this way, the Recommendation is a most useful guiding principle in the\ncomplementary protection debate. Though aspirational rather than a firm legal duty,\nthe Recommendation helps to counter claims that the Convention is too restrictive to\nabsorb the additional groups of refugees covered by complementary protection\nsources, or that the Convention was not intended to apply to additional groups. This\ninterpretation is reinforced by an earlier version of the text, which was originally\nproposed as part of the Preamble to the Convention:\n\n\nExpressing the hope finally that this Convention will be regarded as\nhaving value as an example exceeding its contractual scope, and that\nwithout prejudice to any recommendations the General Assembly may be\nled to make in order to invite the High Contracting Parties to extend to\nother categories of persons the benefits of this Convention, all nations\nwill be guided by it in granting to persons who might come to be present\nin their territory in the capacity of refugees and who would not be\ncovered by the following provisions, _treatment affording the same rights_\n_and advantages_ . [69] (emphasis added)\n\n\nRecommendation E is important in two respects. First, with respect to eligibility, it\nencourages the extension of protection to individuals not encompassed by the\nConvention definition of a refugee. Secondly, with respect to substantive rights, it\nenvisages the application of the Convention framework to persons covered by\nextended eligibility, tacitly recognizing that the source of the harm causing flight is\nirrelevant for the purposes of status. This is in fact the position adopted in the 1969\nOAU Convention, which, as a regional complement to the Convention, applies\nConvention rights to persons fleeing external aggression, occupation, foreign\ndomination or events seriously disturbing public order in part or the whole of the\ncountry of origin. [70] This is very significant in light of EU developments, where\nsubsidiary protection status instead results in a lower form of rights than Convention\nstatus. The Recommendation supports the argument that there is no justification for\ncreating two levels of rights simply by distinguishing between the source of harm (or\nthe legal basis for protection).\n\n\nThe Hungarian refugee crisis of 1956 provided the first real challenge to the article\n1A(2) definition, and reflects the first example of widespread Refugee Convention\n\n68 \u2018Comments on the Draft Convention and Protocol: General Observations\u2019 (n45) 34.\n69 Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons \u2018Texts of the Draft\nConvention and the Draft Protocol to be Considered by the Conference\u2019 UN Doc A/CONF.2/1 (12\nMarch 1951) 2\u20133.\n70 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in\nAfrica (adopted 10 September 1969, entered into force 20 June 1974) 1001 UNTS 45 art 1(2).\n\n\n11\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "related complementary protection. [71] The refugees did not strictly fall within the\ntemporal requirements of the Convention definition, however the High Commissioner\ndetermined that since the flight of Hungarian refugees was related to recent events and\npolitical changes resulting from the end of the Second World War, they should be\nconsidered as falling within the Convention\u2019s scope. [72] Austria followed this\ninterpretation when it granted asylum to 180,000 Hungarian refugees. [73] It issued them\nwith normal refugee eligibility certificates as soon as technically possible, unless\nindividual status determination showed that a person was not entitled to the\nConvention\u2019s benefits.\n\n\nMost other States granted protection on a prima facie basis, at least initially. [74] Norway\ngranted all Hungarian citizens a residence permit for one year that included\npermission to work, renewed automatically on request. After two years, they could\nrequest a permanent residence permit, which was mostly granted. It was only at this\npoint that individual status determination took place. [75] The distinction between\nHungarian refugees and Convention refugees in Norway lay in the grant of travel\ndocuments. If an individual had not left Hungary for an article 1A(2) reason, then he\nor she was not entitled to a Convention travel document but to an alien\u2019s passport. In\nreality, this did not have a substantial impact on the rights received.\n\n\nThe UK did not have a special eligibility procedure for Hungarian refugees but\ngranted them the same rights as Convention refugees. As in Norway, the only\ndistinction was with respect to travel documents. In Germany, they were subject to a\nsimplified eligibility procedure for recognition as Convention refugees and received\nConvention rights, including Convention travel documents.\n\n\nA 1956 Resolution on Hungarian Refugees of the Consultative Assembly of the\nCouncil of Europe requested all Member States \u2018to accord to all of them who are able\nto work the facilities available under the system established by the Statute relating to\nrefugees and provided for under the Geneva Convention of 1951.\u2019 [76] A memo by Paul\nWeis the following year revealed that:\n\n\nOn the whole \u2026 no Government has, as far as we know, raised any\nobjection to the application of the Convention to Hungarian refugees who\notherwise fulfill the conditions of Article 1 of the Convention and it can,\ntherefore, be assumed that the interpretation of the dateline of 1 January\n\n\n71 Earlier instances of complementary protection can be found in relation to League of Nations\ninstruments on refugee protection.\n72 UNHCR \u2018The Problem of Hungarian Refugees in Austria\u2019 UN Doc A/AC.79/49 (17 January 1957)\nAnnex IV [4].\n73 ibid.\n74 ibid [5].\n75 Letter from A Fjellbu (Norwegian Refugee Council) to P Weis (1 July 1959), in UNHCR Archives\nFonds 11 Sub-fonds 1, 6/1/HUN.\n76 Resolution adopted by the Committee on Population and Refugees (Vienna 15 October 1956) COE\nDoc 587, adopted with certain amendments by Permanent Commission (Paris 19 November 1956)\nacting for Consultative Assembly between sessions, in Interoffice Memorandum to Mr M Pag\u00e8s,\nDirector from P Weis \u2018Eligibility of Refugees from Hungary\u2019 (9 January 1957) 22/1/HUNG [3], in\nUNHCR Archives Fonds 11 Sub-fonds 1, 6/1/HUN.\n\n\n12\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "1951 contained in Document A/AC.79/49 Annex IV is accepted by\nGovernments parties to the Convention. [77]\n\n\nOf course, it cannot be overlooked that the policy of declaring every Hungarian to be\na refugee \u2018suited the ideological and racial preferences of western powers\u2019 [78] Europeans fleeing Communism. Yet, in a sense, Recommendation E reflects an\noptimal system of complementary protection, operating more as a theoretical concept\nguiding the expansion of international protection within a broadened refugee law\nframework, than a separately defined system of protection (as has been created in the\nEU). Although from a pragmatic perspective, some form of codified complementary\nprotection would seem necessary for States to acknowledge and fulfil their\ninternational obligations, [79] the international law regime in principle already contains\nsufficient safeguards. [80]\n\n\n**\u2018Complementary\u2019 versus \u2018subsidiary\u2019: a final word**\n\n\nThough the term \u2018subsidiary protection\u2019 is largely descriptive, it may also have some\nweak normative significance. UNHCR has criticized States\u2019 increasing use of\nsubsidiary forms of protection as a means of restricting asylum \u2018on their own terms\u2019,\narguing that subsidiary protection implies less binding obligations on States than their\nobligations under international law. [81] It can be seen as an attempt to remove the\nentitlements of protected persons beyond the reach of international scrutiny. There is a\ndanger of soft law edging out hard law obligations by \u2018diluting principles and fudging\nstandards.\u2019 [82]\n\n\nIn December 2001, representatives of the Contracting States to the Convention\nadopted a Declaration \u2018[r]ecognizing the enduring importance of the 1951\nConvention, as the primary refugee protection instrument which, as amended by its\n1967 Protocol, sets out rights, including human rights, and minimum standards of\ntreatment that apply to persons falling within its scope\u2019. [83] UNHCR has repeatedly\n\n\n77 Memo from P Weis to Mr J Mersch, UNHCR Branch Office in Luxembourg \u2018Application of 1951\nConvention to Hungarian Refugees\u2019 (28 May 1957) Ref.G.XV.7/1/8, 6/1/HUN [3], in UNHCR\nArchives Fonds 11 Sub-fonds 1, 6/1/HUN.\n78 Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues _Refugees: The Dynamics of_\n_Displacement_ (London 1986) 33, in G Melander \u2018The Two Refugee Definitions\u2019 Raoul Wallenberg\nInstitute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law _Report No 4_ (Lund 1987) 14.\n79 This is the view expressed in Storey and others (n66) 14.\n80 For subsequent State practice, see eg Perluss and Hartman (n8); Goodwin-Gill (n8).\n81 ExCom \u2018Summary Record of the 540th Meeting\u2019 (Geneva 7 October 1999) UN Doc A/AC.96/SR.540\n(12 October 1999) [44]. The Nordic States\u2019 relatively generous complementary protection is\ncounterbalanced by very low recognition rates of Convention refugees. Domestic complementary\nprotection effectively takes refugee protection outside international law. In Denmark, the ratio was\napproximately one-third Convention refugees to two-thirds de facto refugees: KU Kj\u00e6r \u2018The Abolition\nof the Danish _De Facto_ Concept\u2019 (2003) 15 International Journal of Refugee Law 254, 258.\n82 Goodwin-Gill (n8) 914.\n83 Declaration of States Parties to the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of\nRefugees (Geneva 13 December 2001) UN Doc HCR/MMSP/2001/09 (16 January 2002)\n (18 February 2003) Preamble [2], [4].\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "called for States to respect the primacy of the Convention. [84] In 1994 and 1995, the\nGeneral Assembly passed two resolutions reiterating\n\n\nthe importance of ensuring access, for all persons seeking international\nprotection, to fair and efficient procedures for the determination of\nrefugee status _or, as appropriate, to other mechanisms to ensure that_\n_persons in need of international protection are identified and granted_\n_such protection,_ while not diminishing the protection afforded to\nrefugees under the terms of the 1951 Convention, the 1967 Protocol and\nrelevant regional instruments. [85]\n\n\nCreating a protection hierarchy reflects a very literal interpretation of respecting the\nConvention\u2019s primacy. Simply entrenching the Convention as the pinnacle of\nprotection does not engage with the underlying protection principles it reflects, and\nmay in fact undermine its primacy by siphoning refugees into complementary\ncategories. Conceptually, the affirmation of the Convention\u2019s primacy is, in effect, a\ncommitment to respect its protection principles and refrain from diluting its scope by\ndeveloping the law _outside_ its boundaries. The Convention\u2019s primacy would be better\nobserved if it were recognized as the source of international protection status for all\npersons protected by _non-refoulement_ .\n\n\nTo provide maximum protection, international human rights treaties must not be\nviewed as discrete, unrelated documents, [86] but as interconnected instruments which\ntogether constitute the international obligations to which States have agreed. In effect,\ntherefore, this paper argues for a reconsideration of international law as a holistic and\nintegrated system. Compartmentalizing international law into parallel but autonomous\nand non-intersecting branches leads not only to stultification, but to ineffectual\nimplementation of the interlocking duties which States have undertaken to respect.\nViewing the Convention as a discrete instrument implies that refugee law \u2018possesse[s]\nits own special purposes and principles which [are] determined essentially by its own\nconstituent instruments and which [are] thus independent of those of human rights\nlaw.\u2019 [87] But human rights law contains principles that are explicitly or implicitly\napplicable to the refugee context, [88] having both influenced and been influenced by it.\nHuman rights law not only provides an additional source of protection for persons\nwith an international protection need, but also strengthens the status accorded to _all_\nrefugees through its universal application. Accordingly, while human rights law\nwidens threshold eligibility for protection, the Convention remains the blueprint for\nrights and legal status.\n\n\nIf international law already accommodates complementary protection within its\nexisting framework, then why is there no discernable universal system of\n\n84 eg ExCom \u2018Global Consultations on International Protection: Report of the Meetings within the\nFramework of the Standing Committee: Report of the First Meeting in the Third Track (8\u20139 March\n2001) UN Doc A/AC.96/961 (27 June 2002) [14].\n85 UNGA Res 49/169 of 23 December 1994 [5]; UNGA Res 50/152 of 21 December 1995 [5]\n(emphasis added).\n86 On the fragmentation of international law: International Law Commission Study Group on\nFragmentation (Koskenniemi) \u2018Fragmentation of International Law\u2019 (2003)\n (30 November 2005) esp 1.3; 3\n(self-contained regimes).\n87 GJL Coles \u2018Refugees and Human Rights\u2019 (1992) 91 Bulletin of Human Rights 63, 63.\n88 ibid.\n\n\n14\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "complementary protection? The problem lies not in international law itself, but rather\nin States\u2019 failure to adequately implement their international legal obligations in a\nholistic and bona fide manner, combined with a lack of enforcement mechanisms. A\nbenefit of codifying States\u2019 complementary protection obligations in a new\ninternational instrument would be to clearly elucidate the source and (non-exhaustive)\ncontent of those obligations\u2014explicitly drawing the links between States\u2019 general\nhuman rights obligations and their specific relevance to the protection context\u2014and to\nexpressly describe the legal status that results from recognition of a protection need on\nthose grounds.\n\n\nYet, the dangers of codifying complementary protection have been amply illustrated\nby the negotiations on the Qualification Directive. They demonstrate that States may\nseek to dilute their obligations to a minimum level, extrapolating some aspects of\nexisting law but not others, and closing off potential avenues for future protection\nneeds. [89] In the context of setting out fundamental standards of humanity, the\nCommission on Human Rights has noted that any new instrument may be seen to\n\u2018undermine existing international standards \u2026 or pose a risk to existing treaty law\u2019, [90]\neven where such standards are largely a \u2018repackaging\u2019 of existing international law.\nAs such, it is imperative to identify the international legal basis of obligations in any\ncodified complementary protection regime, so that \u2018soft law\u2019 is not used to fudge\nstandards or replace treaty-based obligations.\n\n\nAlthough an EXCOM Conclusion on complementary protection was adopted in\nOctober 2005, it does not explicitly address the question of beneficiaries\u2019 status.\nInstead, it contains important but relatively elusive statements calling upon States to\n\u2018provide for the highest degree stability and certainty by ensuring the human rights\nand fundamental freedoms of [beneficiaries of complementary protection] without\ndiscrimination\u2019, [91] and affirming that complementary protection should be applied \u2018in a\nmanner that strengthens, rather than undermines, the existing international refugee\nprotection regime\u2019. [92] Further, it emphasizes the importance of applying and\ndeveloping international protection in a manner that avoids the creation or\ncontinuation of protection gaps. [93] However, the Conclusion does not go so far as to\nexpressly call for the equal treatment of Convention refugees and beneficiaries of\ncomplementary protection. [94] While this is perhaps not surprising, given the political\nclimate and the results of the EU\u2019s recent deliberations about the Qualification\nDirective, it perpetuates at the international level an approach tied closely to _domestic_\npolitical concerns about asylum seekers, that require national governments to be\n\u2018seen\u2019 to be distinguishing between \u2018genuine\u2019 (Convention) refugees and \u2018others\u2019.\nYet, as one commentator has poignantly observed:\n\n\n89 For a comprehensive analysis of the drafting process, see J McAdam \u2018The European Union\nQualification Directive: The Creation of a Subsidiary Protection Regime\u2019 (2005) 17 International\nJournal of Refugee Law 461.\n90 Minimum Humanitarian Standards: Analytical Report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to\nCommission on Human Rights Resolution 1997/21 UN Doc E/CN.4/1998/87 (5 January 1998) [94].\n91 ExCom Conclusion on Complementary Protection (n10) para (n).\n92 ibid para (k).\n93 ibid para (s).\n94 NGO delegations sought to have a statement to this effect included: Draft Conclusion on the\nProvision of International Protection including through Complementary Forms of Protection\u2019 (NGO\nversion 12 July 2005) OP11 (copy with author).\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In the past forty years the rich first world countries have received so\nmany _de facto_ refugees that it would not have made any difference if they\nhad agreed to an expanded international definition \u2026 . In fact, it would\nhere have helped clarify and identify those circumstances which were\ninsufficiently clear-cut to merit recognition as refugee-like situations. [95]\n\n\nBy retaining the political discretion to determine to whom, and when, protection will\nbe granted, States have in fact complicated the protection regime. Diverging statuses,\ndifferent eligibility thresholds and variations from State-to-State have created\nincentives for asylum-seekers to forum-shop and appeal decisions granting subsidiary\nstatus. It is arguably in States\u2019 own interests to grant a single legal status based on the\nConvention to all persons in need of international protection. In this way, they\nacknowledge complementary protection as the natural extraterritorial response to their\ncommitment to uphold and promote respect for human rights. A creative use of\nhuman rights law can thus enhance the legal status of refugees and asylum-seekers, [96]\nbasing international protection on the individual\u2019s _need_, rather than on which treaty\nprovides the legal source of the obligation.\n\n\n95 P Nobel \u2018Blurred Vision in the Rich World and Violations of Human Rights\u2014A Critical Assessment\nof the Human Rights and Refugee Linkage\u2019 (1992) 91 Bulletin of Human Rights 74, 80.\n96 Goodwin-Gill (n51) 16.\n\n\n16\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/66af562b-9545-3e49-ba4e-a0a35ac87e93/53D455B2BB739284C12571AF003379BF-unhcr-gen-jul06.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_98/raw/doc_98_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_98/raw/doc_98_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 6d13c7cdb49330f8ee5a15d13c4deb05fd7238d0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_98/raw/doc_98_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,242 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "### **Note sur le partenariat**\n# AVEC DES ORGANISATIONS CONFESSIONNELLES, DES COMMUNAUT\u00c9S RELIGIEUSES LOCALES ET LEURS CHEFS RELIGIEUX\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\nCase Postale 2500, 1211 Gen\u00e8ve 2, Suisse\n\nT\u00e9l : +41-22-739-8111, Fax : +41-22-739-7353, www.unhcr.org\n\nR\u00e9daction (documentation et analyse) : Volker T\u00fcrk, Jos\u00e9 Riera et Marie-Claude Poirier\n\nOriginal : anglais\nTraduction de l\u2019anglais : Catherine Delebecq\n\nPhoto de couverture : Soudan / D\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes d\u2019Abyei \u00e0 Mayen Abun / L\u2019\u00e9glise de Mayen\nAbun offre un abri \u00e0 des centaines de personnes durant la nuit. Depuis que des affrontements\nont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans la zone disput\u00e9e d\u2019Abyei le 21 mai 2011, plus de 120 000 personnes ont fui vers\nle Sud. \u00c0 la suite de combats entre l\u2019Arm\u00e9e du Soudan et l\u2019Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration du\nSoudan, le 20 mai 2011, des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont fui la zone disput\u00e9e vers le\nSoudan du Sud. D\u00e8s les premiers jours de la crise, le HCR a fourni une assistance sous forme\nd\u2019abris, de recherche de famille et de surveillance. La majeure partie des personnes ont trouv\u00e9\nrefuge \u00e0 Mayen Abun, Turalei et Wau. \u00a9 UNHCR / A. Zevenbergen\n\n\u00a9 HCR, 2014\n\nMise en page et graphisme : BakOS DESIGN\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Remerciements**\n\nLa r\u00e9daction de cette Note sur le partenariat dans le cadre du suivi du Dialogue du Haut Commissaire sur le th\u00e8me\n_Foi et protection_ a fortement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du soutien enthousiaste d\u2019un certain nombre d\u2019organisations confessionnelles\nmajeures.\n\n\nLe HCR souhaiterait profiter de cette occasion pour rendre hommage aux efforts inlassables d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par Act\nfor Peace \u2013 Australie, la Communion anglicane, Caritas Internationalis, Church World Service, HIAS (Hebrew\nImmigrant Aid Society), la Commission internationale catholique pour les migrations, Islamic Relief Worldwide,\nle Service J\u00e9suite des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration luth\u00e9rienne mondiale, Rabbins pour les droits de l\u2019Homme \u2013 Isra\u00ebl, le\nConseil \u0153cum\u00e9nique des Eglises et Vision mondiale internationale, et ajouter un mot de remerciement sp\u00e9cial pour le\ntemps, l\u2019expertise et l\u2019apport inestimable des personnes suivantes : Bruno, Fabienne, Carole, Angela, Rano, Mercedes,\nFaby, Jeff, Helen, Rachel, Firas, Jason, James, Atallah, Mark, Azza, Nava, Ralie, Lisa, Michael, Ramesh, Sally, Angelo,\nMelissa, Volker, Janet, Ingeborg, Tomas, Elena, Alison, Mahmoud, Clare, Beris, Tha\u00efs, Fulata, Deepika, Rev. Sugino,\nBishop Younan, Nopadol, Ann, Jozef, Karl, Annabelle, Sybella, Ruth et les Liouds.\n\n\nLe HCR s\u2019est \u00e9galement inspir\u00e9 des travaux de recherche concrets produits par la Joint Learning Initiative on Local\nand Faith Communities (JLI). Son \u00e9tude intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Local faith communities and the promotion of resilience in\nhumanitarian situations \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important de la r\u00e9flexion qui a pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les domaines du suivi du\nDialogue sur le th\u00e8me _Foi et protection._\n\n\nLe Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population (UNFPA), le Programme commun des Nations Unies sur le VIH/sida\n(ONUSIDA), le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l\u2019enfance (UNICEF), ainsi que le Programme des Nations Unies pour le\nd\u00e9veloppement (PNUD) ont soutenu les efforts du HCR dans ce domaine en partageant avec lui leurs connaissances\net leur exp\u00e9rience, ainsi que par leurs propres consultations approfondies et leur travail au niveau politique. La\ncollaboration sur un \u00e9change de connaissances strat\u00e9gique avec l\u2019Ecole des cadres du syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies\n(UNSSC), l\u2019UNFPA et l\u2019ONUSIDA a \u00e9galement donn\u00e9 au personnel du HCR l\u2019occasion d\u2019explorer les liens entre foi\net d\u00e9veloppement, sant\u00e9 et travail humanitaire et de communiquer son exp\u00e9rience de l\u2019action aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des acteurs\nconfessionnels au cours de leur travail respectif. L\u2019\u00e9change de connaissances strat\u00e9gique a eu lieu du 22-24 octobre\n2013 \u00e0 Rome en Italie et se tiendra de nouveau en 2014 dans un lieu \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer. Ceci n\u2019est que le commencement\nd\u2019une longue et fructueuse collaboration.\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "4 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Table des mati\u00e8res**\n\n1. Contexte...................................................................................................................................................................................6\n\n\n2. Objet **.** ........................................................................................................................................................................................7\n\n\n3. Foi et intervention humanitaire............................................................................................................................................8\n\n\n4. Les d\u00e9fis du partenariat..........................................................................................................................................................9\n\n\n5. Exemples de bonnes pratiques **.** ...........................................................................................................................................10\n\n\n6. Principes pouvant r\u00e9gir les partenariats du HCR avec des acteurs confessionnels **.** ....................................................12\n\n\n7. Mise en pratique des principes de partenariat..................................................................................................................14\n\n\nAnnexe A \u2013 Contributeurs \u00e0 l\u2019Enqu\u00eate sur les exemples de bonnes pratiques.................................................................17\n\n\nAnnexe B \u2013 Affirmation de bienvenue...................................................................................................................................18\n\n\nR\u00e9f\u00e9rences et ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires **.** ............................................................................................................................21\n\n\nLa fille (5 ans) d\u2019une femme qui vit avec le VIH au Myanmar. Sa mere dit qu\u2019elle aime aussi rester au\nmonast\u00e8re parce qu\u2019elle peut parler ouvertement avec d\u2019autres personnes qui vivent avec le VIH.\n\u00a9 UNAIDS / Kyaw Kyaw Winn\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **1. Contexte**\n\n1.1 Le HCR s\u2019est r\u00e9cemment lanc\u00e9 dans un \u00ab voyage de d\u00e9couverte mutuelle \u00bb avec les organisations confessionnelles\nen \u00e9tudiant le r\u00f4le de la foi dans les interventions humanitaires. En d\u00e9cembre 2012, le cinqui\u00e8me Dialogue du\nHaut Commissaire sur les d\u00e9fis de protection a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 sur le th\u00e8me _Foi et protection._ Le Dialogue a r\u00e9uni\nplus de 400 repr\u00e9sentants d\u2019organisations confessionnelles, chefs religieux et autres partenaires \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, pour\ndeux journ\u00e9es de riches discussions sur ce th\u00e8me.\n\n\n1.2 Cette manifestation a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier dialogue multiconfessionnel officiel auquel le HCR n\u2019ait jamais pris part et\na explor\u00e9 les valeurs communes qui sous-tendent la notion d\u2019asile et de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans toutes les\ngrandes religions du monde. Il a \u00e9galement permis de mieux mesurer et comprendre le r\u00f4le que peuvent jouer la\nfoi, la religion et la spiritualit\u00e9 dans la vie des personnes que sert le HCR.\n\n\n1.3 Les participants au Dialogue _Foi et protection_ ont en outre reconnu l\u2019importance des partenariats existants\net potentiels du HCR avec les organisations confessionnelles, notamment pour am\u00e9liorer la protection des\npersonnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR (par exemple r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, demandeurs d\u2019asile, apatrides et d\u00e9plac\u00e9s\ninternes). Les participants ont vigoureusement r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 les principes fondamentaux sur lesquels repose toute\naction humanitaire [1] (impartialit\u00e9, non-discrimination, respect des croyances d\u2019autrui, autonomisation, \u00e9galit\u00e9,\nhumanit\u00e9 et protection contre toute forme de conditionnalit\u00e9) et ont insist\u00e9 sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de respecter ces\nprincipes dans les interventions humanitaires.\n\n\n1.4 A la fin de la manifestation, le Haut Commissaire a soulign\u00e9 \u00ab les contributions pr\u00e9cieuses des organisations et\ndes communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00bb. Il a formul\u00e9 un certain nombre\nde suggestions concr\u00e8tes de suivi, invoquant notamment l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un projet de \u00ab sensibilisation en mati\u00e8re\nde religion et de foi\u00bb pour le personnel du HCR. La pr\u00e9sente Note sur le partenariat a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9e en application\nde cette demande.\n\n\n1 Pour une description compl\u00e8te des principes, voir CICR, \u00ab Code de conduite pour le Mouvement international de la\nCroix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge et pour les organisations non gouvernementales lors des op\u00e9rations de secours en cas de\ncatastrophe \u00bb, 1995, \u00e0 l\u2019adresse http://goo.gl/cfgsd. Le Code de conduite a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 par plus de 520 organisations.\n\n\n6 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Burkina Faso / Goudoubo / Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s maliens se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 rompre le je\u00fbne dans le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Goudoudo.\nLe camp abrite quelque 10 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont fui quand un conflit violent a \u00e9clat\u00e9 en d\u00e9but 2012, au nord du Mali. Respecter les\ntraditions du Ramadan est important pour ces personnes qui esp\u00e8rent c\u00e9l\u00e9brer l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante dans leur propre pays.\n\u00a9 UNHCR / H. Caux\n\n### **2. Objet**\n\n\n2.1 La pr\u00e9sente Note d\u00e9finit les grandes orientations que pourra suivre le personnel du HCR pour s\u2019engager et\ntravailler en partenariat avec les organisations confessionnelles, les communaut\u00e9s religieuses locales et leurs\nchefs religieux. Compte tenu de la diversit\u00e9 des contextes dans lesquels le HCR intervient, ces orientations\ndoivent \u00eatre adapt\u00e9es aux circonstances et aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales, tout en \u00e9tant une source d\u2019inspiration pour\nles Nations Unies, d\u2019autres organisations internationales, non gouvernementales et communautaires, et de\nnombreux autres encore.\n\n\n2.2 La Note :\n\n - \u0007d\u00e9finit l\u2019\u00e9ventail des acteurs confessionnels que reconna\u00eet le HCR et\nle r\u00f4le qu\u2019ils jouent dans les interventions humanitaires ;\n\n - \u0007souligne les d\u00e9fis du partenariat et les lignes rouges \u00e0 ne pas franchir\nainsi que les points sensibles sur lesquels porter attention ;\n\n - \u0007rel\u00e8ve des exemples de bonnes pratiques et d\u2019enseignements\ntir\u00e9s des partenariats existants sur le terrain ;\n\n - \u0007met en \u00e9vidence les principes qui constituent un point de d\u00e9part pour le dialogue\net la coop\u00e9ration avec les communaut\u00e9s et les acteurs confessionnels ;\n\n - \u0007pr\u00e9sente des actions et des activit\u00e9s permettant de mettre ces principes en pratique.\n\n\n\n7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **3. Foi et intervention** **humanitaire**\n\n3.1 Les Nations Unies sont une organisation s\u00e9culi\u00e8re.\nDepuis sa cr\u00e9ation, en 1950, le HCR s\u2019est cependant\nsouvent associ\u00e9 aux organisations confessionnelles,\naux communaut\u00e9s religieuses et aux chefs religieux\npour accomplir son travail. Ce partenariat a prouv\u00e9\nsa valeur au fil des ans et a fourni des avantages\nimportants en mati\u00e8re de protection ainsi que dans\nd\u2019autres domaines pour les personnes relevant de la\ncomp\u00e9tence de l\u2019Organisation. Des exemples concrets\nsont donn\u00e9s tout au long de ce texte.\n\n\n3.2 Le HCR s\u2019est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 adopter une approche coh\u00e9rente\ndu partenariat dans ce domaine. Ces partenariats\nsont particuli\u00e8rement pertinents dans les cas o\u00f9 les\nacteurs confessionnels jouent un r\u00f4le important\nau niveau local et \u0153uvrent activement \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre\naux besoins des populations d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force.\nEn tant que membres actifs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, les\nacteurs confessionnels et leurs organisations peuvent\nmobiliser des ressources sociales, mat\u00e9rielles et\nspirituelles au profit des personnes ayant besoin de\nprotection. Le renforcement des partenariats est\nen outre un objectif important du processus plus\nvaste de la r\u00e9forme humanitaire, qui vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer\nl\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019intervention humanitaire. Enfin, \u00e0\ntravers de larges r\u00e9seaux, les acteurs confessionnels\nsont souvent pr\u00e9sents dans toutes les r\u00e9gions d\u2019un pays\ndonn\u00e9 et leur pr\u00e9sence ne d\u00e9pend pas n\u00e9cessairement\nd\u2019un appui financier externe. Ils demeurent d\u2019ailleurs\nsouvent sur place bien apr\u00e8s que la communaut\u00e9\ninternationale a cess\u00e9 de s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 une situation et\nque les financements ont diminu\u00e9.\n\n\n2 Voir PNUD, \u00ab Guidelines on engaging with faith-based\norganizations \u00bb, \u00e0 para\u00eetre en anglais.\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 7 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **4. Les d\u00e9fis du partenariat**\n\n4.1 Le partenariat n\u2019est pas une entreprise unilat\u00e9rale et doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 du point de vue \u00e0 la fois du HCR\net des acteurs confessionnels. Le HCR, \u00e0 l\u2019instar de l\u2019ensemble de la communaut\u00e9 humanitaire, s\u2019engage \u00e0\nrespecter les principes humanitaires et \u00e0 faire en sorte que la protection soit \u00e0 la base de toutes les activit\u00e9s.\nDans les partenariats avec les acteurs confessionnels, le HCR doit donc s\u2019assurer qu\u2019il ne s\u2019engagera pas dans\ndes partenariats dont les fondements et les activit\u00e9s seraient contraires \u00e0 ces principes. L\u2019appui du HCR ne\nsaurait notamment \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins de pros\u00e9lytisme ou pour imposer \u00e0 la fourniture de l\u2019aide humanitaire\ndes conditions discriminatoires. D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, force est de reconna\u00eetre que les acteurs confessionnels sont\nparfois confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnels humanitaires qui semblent avoir un pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 contre eux. Pour pouvoir\n\u00eatre surmont\u00e9s, les d\u00e9fis que pose le partenariat doivent \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s \u00e0 partir des deux perspectives, en\nparticulier par l\u2019invitation \u00e0 des changements positifs d\u2019attitude et d\u2019approche qu\u2019expose la pr\u00e9sente Note [3] .\n\n\n4.2 Du point de vue du HCR, les d\u00e9fis les plus \u00e9pineux surgissent lorsque les acteurs confessionnels encouragent :\n\n - l\u2019antagonisme ou l\u2019exclusion \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de membres d\u2019autres origines confessionnelles ;\n\n - \u0007les discours haineux ou l\u2019incitation \u00e0 la violence dirig\u00e9s contre les\nmembres ou les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019une autre confession ;\n\n - \u0007le pros\u00e9lytisme et les pressions \u00e0 la conversion comme condition pr\u00e9alable au maintien de l\u2019aide ;\n\n - \u0007le mariage pr\u00e9coce ou autres pratiques traditionnelles pr\u00e9judiciables ;\n\n - \u0007les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes li\u00e9s au genre et l\u2019absence de prise en compte des droits sp\u00e9cifiques des\nfemmes, des gar\u00e7ons et des filles, ainsi que des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans les contextes o\u00f9 la violence\nsexuelle et de genre et les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation n\u00e9gatifs sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s ;\n\n - \u0007la stigmatisation et la discrimination concernant le VIH/sida ;\n\n - \u0007la stigmatisation et la discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes et des r\u00e9seaux\nlesbiens, gays, bisexuels, transgenres et intersexuels (LGBTI).\n\n\n4.3 Le personnel du HCR a rapport\u00e9 que le partenariat avec les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales pouvait\ndevenir une source de frustration ou d\u2019incompr\u00e9hension lorsque ces derni\u00e8res ne connaissent pas les processus\net les proc\u00e9dures de l\u2019Organisation, en particulier ses priorit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques ainsi que les notions de risque et\nde vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 qu\u2019elle promeut, ou lorsqu\u2019elles ne souhaitaient tout simplement pas servir de \u00ab partenaires\nd\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u00bb. Les autres probl\u00e8mes rencontr\u00e9s dans le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels, notamment\navec les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales et les chefs religieux locaux, comprennent les rapports de force\nin\u00e9gaux qui semblent \u00eatre inh\u00e9rents aux mod\u00e8les d\u2019interaction entre les prestataires de services confessionnels\net les personnes ayant besoin de protection. En effet, certaines optiques caritatives n\u00e9gligent les approches de\nl\u2019assistance humanitaire fond\u00e9es sur les droits. Dans les situations d\u2019urgence complexes, le personnel du HCR a\n\u00e9galement signal\u00e9 que la coordination repr\u00e9sentait le d\u00e9fi majeur du travail en partenariat avec les communaut\u00e9s\nconfessionnelles locales, leurs r\u00e9seaux et leurs organisations communautaires.\n\n\n4.4 Le partenariat avec le HCR peut poser \u00e9galement des probl\u00e8mes particuliers aux organisations confessionnelles,\nau-del\u00e0 de celui de l\u2019attitude du personnel \u00e9voqu\u00e9 ci-dessus. L\u2019un des facteurs r\u00e9side dans l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente\ndes rapports de force qui peut, dans certaines circonstances, avoir lieu entre une organisation internationale\net une institution locale. Un autre tient aux proc\u00e9dures et aux exigences du HCR, que les organisations\nconfessionnelles, comme d\u2019autres partenaires, peuvent ne pas pouvoir ou ne pas vouloir respecter. Finalement,\nau m\u00eame titre que d\u2019autres organisations, les organisations confessionnelles se heurtent \u00e9galement au\nprobl\u00e8me important de la rotation du personnel, qui peut avoir une incidence sur la m\u00e9moire et la pr\u00e9sence\ninstitutionnelle du HCR dans des sites retir\u00e9s sur le terrain, avec le risque de remettre en question une\ncoop\u00e9ration positive de longue date.\n\n\n3 Les cinq principes en mati\u00e8re de partenariat qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 instaur\u00e9s par le Dispositif mondial d\u2019aide humanitaire doivent\n\u00e9galement \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9s par les acteurs confessionnels, \u00e0 savoir : l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, la transparence, la d\u00e9marche ax\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9sultats,\nla responsabilit\u00e9 et la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9. Voir Dispositif mondial d\u2019aide humanitaire, \u00ab Principes en mati\u00e8re de partenariat \u00bb,\njuillet 2007, \u00e0 l\u2019adresse http://goo.gl/ReWS2M.\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 8 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo / Laur\u00e9ate de la Distinction Nansen 2013 / S\u0153ur Ang\u00e9lique Namaika donne un cours d\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation le 1 [er] ao\u00fbt 2014, pr\u00e8s du village de Dungu dans l\u2019est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. L\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation en lingala\nest l\u2019une des nombreuses comp\u00e9tences que S\u0153ur Ang\u00e9lique enseigne aux populations locales, dont la plupart sont des personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9install\u00e9es \u00e0 la suite d\u2019attaques de groupes arm\u00e9s. \u00a9 UNHCR / B. Sokol\n\n### **5. Exemples de bonnes pratiques**\n\n\n5.1 Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis expos\u00e9s ci-dessus que doivent relever les deux parties, les organisations confessionnelles, les\ncommunaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales et les chefs religieux locaux contribuent \u00e0 sauver des vies, \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre des\ndroits et \u00e0 donner un soutien spirituel, notamment :\n\n - en fournissant une protection physique et en facilitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire ;\n\n - en dissuadant la violence par leur pr\u00e9sence et leur accompagnement ;\n\n - \u0007en att\u00e9nuant les tensions entre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s/d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et les communaut\u00e9s\nd\u2019accueil dans les situations de conflit ou d\u2019apr\u00e8s conflit ;\n\n - en participant aux activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9conciliation et de consolidation de la paix;\n\n - en luttant contre la x\u00e9nophobie et la discrimination ;\n\n - \u0007en pr\u00e9venant la violence sexuelle et de genre ou le recrutement forc\u00e9 et en intervenant dans ces situations ;\n\n - en am\u00e9liorant les conditions d\u2019accueil et en accompagnant les d\u00e9tenus ;\n\n - en assurant une orientation juridique et une gestion des cas d\u2019asile ;\n\n - \u0007en plaidant pour l\u2019adoption de changements l\u00e9gislatifs en faveur\ndes personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR ;\n\n - \u0007en aidant \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation et/ou \u00e0 l\u2019installation sur place des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\n10 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 9 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "5.2 Cette partie donne des exemples de cas o\u00f9 la coop\u00e9ration\nentre le HCR et des acteurs confessionnels a produit\ndes \u00ab dividendes de protection \u00bb pour les personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es. La nature de cette coop\u00e9ration peut varier\nselon que les acteurs confessionnels sont des \u00ab partenaires\nd\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u00bb, des \u00ab partenaires op\u00e9rationnels \u00bb ou des\n\u00ab partenaires informels \u00bb dans les r\u00e9seaux de protection\nou \u00e0 des fins de plaidoyer. Les exemples sont tir\u00e9s d\u2019une\nenqu\u00eate r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2013 par le HCR et une coalition\nd\u2019organisations confessionnelles. L\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les\nexemples de bonnes pratiques (Survey on Good Practices\nExamples) avait pour but de mieux comprendre l\u2019ampleur\ndes partenariats existant entre les acteurs confessionnels\net le HCR \u00e0 tous les stades du cycle des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et\ndu d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9. Un certain nombre de bonnes\npratiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9sum\u00e9es ici, \u00e0 titre d\u2019exemple.\n\n\n5.3 Vingt-trois exemples ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis par le personnel du\nHCR et 32 par les organisations confessionnelles et les\ncommunaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales [4] . (Voir **Annexe**\n**A** pour la liste compl\u00e8te des organisations et bureaux\nnationaux du HCR ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate) La partie\nsuivante donne des exemples tir\u00e9s des interventions du\nHCR [5] .\n\n\n4 Un aper\u00e7u pr\u00e9liminaire de ces exemples, y compris de ceux\nrelev\u00e9s par les organisations confessionnelles, est regroup\u00e9 dans\ndeux publications intitul\u00e9es \u00ab Overview of the Survey on Good\nPractices Examples \u00bb (http://goo.gl/nLdEeN) et \u00ab Analysis of the\nSurvey on Good Practices Examples \u00bb (http://goo.gl/YsFnFM).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 10 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **6. Principes pouvant r\u00e9gir les partenariats** **du HCR avec des acteurs confessionnels**\n\n6.1 De f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 avril 2013, une coalition d\u2019organisations confessionnelles majeures et le HCR ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 des\norientations \u00e0 l\u2019intention des chefs religieux visant \u00e0 promouvoir la tol\u00e9rance et le respect de la dignit\u00e9 humaine\net des droits de l\u2019homme des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des migrants, des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes et des\napatrides.\n\n\n6.2 Le texte consiste en 16 affirmations \u00e9crites \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne s\u2019inspirant des valeurs et des principes\ncommuns aux grandes religions du monde. Ce document fournit aux chefs religieux l\u2019occasion d\u2019affirmer le r\u00f4le\nque jouent les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles pour \u00ab accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger, le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, le d\u00e9plac\u00e9 interne, l\u2019autre\n\n[\u2026], lutter contre l\u2019intol\u00e9rance [\u2026] et respecter le droit de l\u2019\u00e9tranger de pratiquer librement sa propre religion. \u00bb\n\n\n6.3 L\u2019invitation \u00e0 \u00ab accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00bb est une d\u00e9claration de foi d\u00e9coulant des principes d\u2019hospitalit\u00e9, de respect\net d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, car ces valeurs sont profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es dans toutes les grandes religions. (Voir **Annexe B** pour la\nd\u00e9claration compl\u00e8te fond\u00e9e sur les trois principes suivants)\n\n\n**Hospitalit\u00e9** : Bien que des acteurs tels que les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales puissent mener des\nactivit\u00e9s d\u2019assistance humanitaire en marge de leur action religieuse, elles sont souvent les premi\u00e8res \u00e0 intervenir\nen faveur des individus, des familles et des communaut\u00e9s aux premiers stades d\u2019une crise humanitaire. Elles\ninterviennent du fait de leur pr\u00e9sence, de leurs connaissances locales, de leurs r\u00e9seaux et de leurs ressources\ndans certaines des r\u00e9gions les plus isol\u00e9es. La reconnaissance de ce fait a suscit\u00e9 un regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la\ncollaboration avec ces communaut\u00e9s afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux plus vuln\u00e9rables.\n\n\n**Respect** : Le respect de la diversit\u00e9 des identit\u00e9s, des valeurs et des traditions est essentiel pour renforcer\nla protection et la r\u00e9silience des personnes et des communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force. Les communaut\u00e9s\nconfessionnelles locales sont profond\u00e9ment conscientes du fait que dans de nombreux pays et communaut\u00e9s\ndu monde, la foi est un \u00ab besoin fondamental \u00bb et, en cela, elles peuvent fournir un soutien certes mat\u00e9riel\nmais \u00e9galement spirituel aux personnes en situation de d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9. Les chefs religieux locaux et les\ncommunaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales se trouvent dans une position privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces besoins.\n\n\n**Egalit\u00e9** : La coop\u00e9ration doit reposer sur un ensemble d\u2019objectifs communs, ainsi que sur le respect mutuel\net le partenariat. L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 doit aussi se traduire par une \u00e9galit\u00e9 de traitement et le droit \u00e0 une protection \u00e9gale\nconform\u00e9ment aux normes humanitaires.\n\n\n6.4 Ces trois principes servent de base normative aux normes minimales qui suivent. Ils repr\u00e9sentent un point de\nd\u00e9part pour l\u2019instauration d\u2019un dialogue entre le HCR et les acteurs confessionnels afin que les deux parties\ntravaillent ensemble d\u2019une mani\u00e8re mutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique \u00e0 servir les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Ces principes\npeuvent aussi guider les partenaires qui souhaiteraient renforcer un dialogue global entre les religions et avec les\nacteur humanitaires en pr\u00e9sence.\n\n\n12 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 11 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "## _\u00ab [ \u0007Dans d\u2019autres cas, les organisations confessionnelles ont ]_\n\n_servi de tampon entre les bellig\u00e9rants et ont donc pu_\n_op\u00e9rer dans les deux camps, m\u00eame au plus fort du conflit._\n_Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la confiance dont elles b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9_\n_de bons avocats de la protection. Elles ont fait pression_\n_sur le gouvernement pour que celui-ci assume pleinement_\n_la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et des services de sant\u00e9_\n_pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes dans l\u2019Etat de Kachin. Elles_\n_ont \u00e9galement r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 obtenir la lib\u00e9ration des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s_\n_internes plac\u00e9s en d\u00e9tention, car elles ont pu r\u00e9pondre_\n_d\u2019eux. Aucune autre organisation internationale ou_\n_non gouvernementale locale ne dispose d\u2019une marge de_\n_man\u0153uvre aussi \u00e9tendue pour faire face \u00e0 la situation_\n_humanitaire. \u00bb_\n\n\nAu Myanmar, le HCR a reconnu le r\u00f4le vital que les\n\u00e9glises locales ont jou\u00e9 dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Il a travaill\u00e9\nen partenariat avec les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles\nlocales telles que Caritas et l\u2019Eglise baptiste kachin\npour obtenir l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire aux d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes.\nCes communaut\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les premi\u00e8res \u00e0 intervenir et\nsont finalement devenues des responsables de camp,\ndes administrateurs et des bienfaiteurs pour plus d\u2019une\ncentaine de camps de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Le HCR a\napport\u00e9 son financement, son expertise technique et ses\ncomp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9solution de diff\u00e9rends au\ntravail de partenaires relativement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9s dans\nle domaine humanitaire mais dont la pr\u00e9sence a facilit\u00e9\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire.\n\n\n**DISSUASION DE LA VIOLENCE PAR LA**\n**PR\u00c9SENCE ET L\u2019ACCOMPAGNEMENT**\n\n**HCR Bangui**\n## _\u00ab [ \u0007Le pr\u00e9sent rapport traite de la mani\u00e8re dont les chefs de ]_\n\n_la communaut\u00e9 musulmane se sont mobilis\u00e9s \u00e0 quelque_\n_5 km du camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur la route de Tirungulu pour_\n_emp\u00eacher [les acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques] d\u2019avancer. Ce_\n_groupe s\u2019est litt\u00e9ralement assis au milieu de la piste pour_\n_les emp\u00eacher de passer. Ils ont invoqu\u00e9 le Saint Coran,_\n_rappelant aux acteurs arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques leurs devoirs en_\n_tant que musulmans. \u00bb_\n\n\nEn R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, une communaut\u00e9\nmusulmane locale a d\u00e9jou\u00e9 une attaque pr\u00e9vue par les\nrebelles en 2009 contre un camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Darfour\nen faisant physiquement obstacle au passage des rebelles\nsur la route menant au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\n\nLes chefs musulmans ont exploit\u00e9 leur connaissance\nlocale des r\u00e9seaux sociaux et politiques pour n\u00e9gocier\nune issue pacifique. Le HCR s\u2019est associ\u00e9 aux chefs de\nla communaut\u00e9 musulmane locale pour soutenir le\nprocessus de r\u00e9solution du conflit. Pour arr\u00eater le cycle\nde la violence, la communaut\u00e9 religieuse locale n\u2019a pas\nprononc\u00e9 d\u2019assignation de culpabilit\u00e9 pour les crimes\ncommis par les deux parties mais a soutenu \u00e0 la place les\ndemandes de r\u00e9paration.\n\n\n\n**ACCUEIL DES DEMANDEURS D\u2019ASILE ET**\n**ACCOMPAGNEMENT DES D\u00c9TENUS**\n\n**HCR Am\u00e9rique centrale**\n## _\u00ab [ En 2011, le Conseil des Eglises protestantes du Nicaragua, ]_\n\n_partenaire d\u2019ex\u00e9cution du HCR, a entam\u00e9 une_\n_collaboration informelle avec la mosqu\u00e9e de Managua, la_\n_capitale du pays. A la demande du Conseil, la mosqu\u00e9e_\n_fournit des interpr\u00e8tes ainsi que des vivres, des v\u00eatements,_\n_des n\u00e9cessaires d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et un soutien spirituel aux_\n_demandeurs d\u2019asile musulmans. \u00bb_\n\n\nAu Nicaragua, le HCR travaille en partenariat avec le\nConseil des Eglises protestantes et d\u2019autres organisations,\ncomme Caritas Nicaragua et la mosqu\u00e9e de Managua,\nafin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les conditions d\u2019accueil et d\u2019accompagner\nles demandeurs d\u2019asile et les migrants d\u00e9tenus.\n\n\nLe Conseil des Eglises protestantes a directement acc\u00e8s\nau centre de d\u00e9tention et, avec l\u2019aide de la mosqu\u00e9e bas\u00e9e\n\u00e0 Managua, rend visite aux d\u00e9tenus et leur apporte une\norientation psychosociale et un soutien spirituel.\n\n\n**SENSIBILISATION ET PLAIDOYER AUPR\u00c8S**\n**DE LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 EN FAVEUR**\n**DES POPULATIONS R\u00c9FUGI\u00c9ES**\n\n**HCR Liban**\n## _\u00ab [ Dar el Fatwa a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1955 par un d\u00e9cret pr\u00e9sidentiel ]_\n\n_qui a conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019organisation la capacit\u00e9, au Liban,_\n_d\u2019\u00e9mettre des orientations religieuses dans les domaines_\n_li\u00e9s aux affaires religieuses sunnites et \u00e0 la gestion de ses_\n_institutions caritatives affili\u00e9es. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par le Grand_\n_Mufti, et son vaste r\u00e9seau d\u2019organisations confessionnelles_\n_a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir et \u00e0 distribuer des vivres, des articles non_\n_alimentaires, des services de sant\u00e9, des dons en esp\u00e8ces,_\n_des abris et un soutien psychosocial aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens_\n_du Liban depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise syrienne en 2011. Cet_\n_appui s\u2019est \u00e9tendu aux r\u00e9gions \u00e0 forte densit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et_\n_o\u00f9 le HCR n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9tabli de pr\u00e9sence. \u00bb_\n\n\nAu Liban, le HCR a nou\u00e9 un nouveau partenariat au\nd\u00e9but de la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens pour s\u2019assurer que\nles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s re\u00e7oivent une assistance d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res\nphases du d\u00e9placement. Les organisations ont aid\u00e9 le\nHCR \u00e0 instaurer un climat de confiance avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nles communaut\u00e9s locales et les autorit\u00e9s, et \u00e0 avoir\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 des milliers de personnes en mobilisant le vaste\nr\u00e9seau de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles et de travailleurs de proximit\u00e9 des\ncommunaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales.\n\n\nLes communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales et leurs\norganisations ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le majeur en n\u00e9gociant\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux services au niveau tant\nmunicipal/du village que central. Elles ont \u00e9galement fait\noffice de m\u00e9diateur entre les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil et\nde r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le HCR a sign\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019accord\n\n\n\n13\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 12 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **7. Mise en pratique des principes de partenariat**\n\nVous trouverez ci-apr\u00e8s des suggestions d\u2019actions permettant de mettre en pratique les principes d\u2019hospitalit\u00e9, de\nrespect et d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9.\n\n\n**Faire l\u2019inventaire des partenaires potentiels dans les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales** .\n\n - Quelles sont les principales traditions religieuses dans votre pays ou dans votre op\u00e9ration ?\n\n - Quelles sont leurs organisations, structures et syst\u00e8mes fondamentaux ?\n\n - \u0007Quels sont les homologues, au sein de la communaut\u00e9, qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la confiance de cette derni\u00e8re ?\n\n - \u0007Quelles organisations confessionnelles nationales peuvent servir de trait d\u2019union avec les chefs religieux ?\n\n\n**Identifier les chefs religieux susceptibles de vous apporter leur soutien** dans la r\u00e9gion. Passer du temps \u00e0\napprendre \u00e0 conna\u00eetre les chefs pour renforcer le climat de confiance et poser les fondements d\u2019une collaboration\npotentielle. Le fait de mener des activit\u00e9s de protection conjointes, comme des actions de sensibilisation de la\ncommunaut\u00e9 aux d\u00e9fis de la protection, peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer un moyen puissant d\u2019augmenter le champ de la protection.\n\n\n**Apprendre \u00e0 conna\u00eetre les activit\u00e9s men\u00e9es par les acteurs confessionnels** .\n\n - \u0007Quel type de relation existe entre les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles d\u2019un m\u00eame pays/d\u2019une m\u00eame r\u00e9gion ?\n\n - Quels sont, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les organisations interconfessionnelles ?\n\n - Quels sont les services existants fournis par les acteurs confessionnels, y compris en partenariat avec le HCR ?\n\n**Comprendre les activit\u00e9s et r\u00e9pertorier le travail existant des groupes confessionnels et/ou**\n**interconfessionnels** et leur pertinence pour la protection des personnes relevant de la protection du HCR.\nLe soutien spirituel apport\u00e9 par les acteurs confessionnels aux personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR\nest souvent un indicateur n\u00e9glig\u00e9 du bien-\u00eatre mais est un facteur essentiel pour la promotion de la r\u00e9silience.\nIl convient de garder ces indicateurs \u00e0 l\u2019esprit lorsque l\u2019on \u00e9value l\u2019impact potentiel d\u2019un partenariat avec les\ncommunaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales, leurs organisations et leurs chefs religieux.\n\n\n**Utiliser l\u2019Affirmation de bienvenue** comme point de d\u00e9part pour le dialogue. (Voir **Annexe B** )\n\n\n**Etablir une relation de compr\u00e9hension et de confiance mutuelle** pour s\u2019assurer que les principes humanitaires\nseront respect\u00e9s.\n\n - L\u2019aide est-elle distribu\u00e9e sans que des conditions soient impos\u00e9es ?\n\n - \u0007Les personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR acceptent-elles d\u2019\u00eatre aid\u00e9es par des organisations de\nm\u00eame confession qu\u2019elles ou d\u2019une confession diff\u00e9rente, ou font-elles preuve de r\u00e9ticence \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard ?\n\n - \u0007Existe-t-il d\u2019autres groupes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s qui pourront fournir une assistance\nsi les conditions deviennent inacceptables ?\n\n - \u0007Quel r\u00f4le jouent les autres membres des communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales, comme les femmes,\nles gar\u00e7ons et les filles, dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des objectifs communs et la mise en place des activit\u00e9s ?\n\n\n**Mobiliser les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales et les chefs religieux** pour la pr\u00e9vention et l\u2019intervention\nrelatives aux menaces \u00e0 la protection. Lorsque les Etats ne peuvent ou ne veulent pas prot\u00e9ger leurs propres\ncitoyens et les communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es qu\u2019ils accueillent, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 morale des chefs religieux est un moyen\nimportant d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux communaut\u00e9s et de transmettre des messages cl\u00e9s.\n\n - \u0007Quelles activit\u00e9s de plaidoyer m\u00e8nent les acteurs confessionnels en relation\nou en collaboration avec les personnes relevant de la comp\u00e9tence du HCR ?\n\n - \u0007Quels sont les domaines communs ou de convergence avec les priorit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques du HCR ?\n\n - \u0007Quels messages de plaidoyer cl\u00e9s les acteurs confessionnels peuvent-ils aider \u00e0 transmettre (par exemple\nsur les attitudes adopt\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des migrants, pour pr\u00e9venir et d\u00e9samorcer\ndes conflits, pour pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9sourdre des cas d\u2019apatridie, pour la protection sur mer, pour identifier des\nalternatives \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention des demandeurs d\u2019asile, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, des apatrides et des migrants, etc.) ?\n\n\n14 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 13 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "avec l\u2019organisation en 2012, portant notamment sur\nl\u2019\u00e9change d\u2019informations et la distribution d\u2019assistance\npar ses canaux.\n\n\n**PR\u00c9VENTION ET INTERVENTION EN MATI\u00c8RE**\n**DE VIOLENCE SEXUELLE ET DE GENRE**\n\n**HCR T\u00e9h\u00e9ran**\n## _\u00ab [ Reconnaissant l\u2019importance de la collaboration avec les ]_\n\n_chefs religieux pour pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9duire la violence bas\u00e9e sur_\n_le sexe et sur la diff\u00e9rence sexuelle dans une communaut\u00e9_\n_de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghane, les points focaux pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les_\n_facilitateurs de la communaut\u00e9 ont organis\u00e9 des r\u00e9unions_\n_initiales avec les chefs religieux. Les quatre chefs ont re\u00e7u_\n_les mat\u00e9riels de formation au pr\u00e9alable et ont consacr\u00e9_\n_une partie de leurs sermons \u00e0 valider et \u00e0 promouvoir les_\n_meilleures pratiques permettant de pr\u00e9venir et de r\u00e9duire_\n_cette violence dans les communaut\u00e9s de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. \u00bb_\n\n\nEn R\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran, des communaut\u00e9s\nmusulmanes et leurs chefs religieux ont \u0153uvr\u00e9 en\npartenariat avec le HCR \u00e0 adopter les mat\u00e9riels \u00e9labor\u00e9s\npar le HCR et \u00e0 plaider pour la diffusion de l\u2019information\nsur la pr\u00e9vention de la violence bas\u00e9e sur le sexe et sur la\ndiff\u00e9rence sexuelle.\n\n\nLes chefs religieux ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les femmes en\nparlant des probl\u00e8mes de violence sexuelle et de genre\n\u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019une rencontre religieuse de cinq jours \u00e0\nlaquelle ont particip\u00e9 3 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans, visant \u00e0\nsensibiliser les personnes et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la stigmatisation\nsociale associ\u00e9e \u00e0 cette forme de pr\u00e9judice physique et\npsychologique tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes.\n\n\nDans ce cas, la communaut\u00e9 musulmane locale a fourni\nau HCR un moyen important d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9e en utilisant l\u2019autorit\u00e9 morale des chefs religieux\nainsi que les croyances et les valeurs religieuses\ncommunes pour renforcer et amplifier les messages cl\u00e9s.\n\n\n**PR\u00c9VENTION ET INTERVENTION**\n**EN MATI\u00c8RE DE PRATIQUES**\n**TRADITIONNELLES PR\u00c9JUDICIABLES**\n\n**Antenne du HCR \u00e0 Jijiga, Ethiopie**\n## _\u00ab [ Les capacit\u00e9s, les connaissances et les qualifications des ]_\n\n_organisations confessionnelles et des chefs religieux de la_\n_communaut\u00e9 ont conduit le bureau \u00e0 travailler \u00e9troitement_\n_avec eux, compte tenu du potentiel qu\u2019ils pr\u00e9sentent_\n_s\u2019agissant de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de protection de la_\n_communaut\u00e9 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e. [\u2026] Les femmes du groupe de_\n_lutte contre les mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines des camps_\n_ont lanc\u00e9 un appel \u00e0 soutenir les chefs religieux car la_\n_communaut\u00e9 les contestait pour des motifs religieux lors_\n_d\u2019actions de sensibilisation. \u00bb_\n\n\n\nEn Ethiopie, une action visant \u00e0 supprimer les\nmutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines (MGF) a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e\nconjointement avec un partenaire d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, un\nhomologue gouvernemental, les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil\net de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ainsi que les chefs religieux des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s,\nafin de dissocier les MGF, qui constituent une pratique\ntraditionnelle pr\u00e9judiciable, des pr\u00e9ceptes de l\u2019islam.\n\n\n**ORIENTATION JURIDIQUE, GESTION**\n**DES CAS D\u2019ASILE ET APPARTENANCE \u00c0**\n**DES \u00ab R\u00c9SEAUX DE PROTECTION \u00bb**\n\n**HCR Brasilia**\n## _\u00ab [ Outre le r\u00f4le crucial qu\u2019elles jouent sur le terrain, les ]_\n\n_organisations confessionnelles sont des membres actifs de_\n_l\u2019instance publique charg\u00e9e des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des_\n_r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Br\u00e9sil. Le Comit\u00e9 national pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s_\n_(CONARE) comprend un repr\u00e9sentant de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9_\n_civile ayant le droit de vote lors des r\u00e9unions du comit\u00e9._\n_Ce repr\u00e9sentant est Caritas, de l\u2019archidioc\u00e8se de Rio de_\n_Janeiro, avec Caritas, de l\u2019archidioc\u00e8se de S\u00e3o Paulo pour_\n_repr\u00e9sentant adjoint. [\u2026]_\n## _\u00ab [ Sans leur participation \u00e0 ce processus \u2013 avec les conseils ]_\n\n_techniques et l\u2019appui du HCR \u2013 le taux de reconnaissance_\n_au Br\u00e9sil n\u2019aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 que de 16 % en 2012. Toutefois,_\n_les conclusions de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ont permis d\u2019inverser_\n_certaines des d\u00e9cisions du CONARE, permettant d\u2019aboutir_\n_\u00e0 une issue positive pour 67 cas, faisant ainsi grimper le_\n_taux de reconnaissance \u00e0 24 %. \u00bb_\n\n\nAu Br\u00e9sil, le HCR a soutenu l\u2019instauration d\u2019un R\u00e9seau de\nprotection compos\u00e9 de 50 partenaires op\u00e9rationnels li\u00e9s\n\u00e0 l\u2019Eglise catholique et de six partenaires d\u2019ex\u00e9cution du\nHCR, dont cinq sont des organisations confessionnelles.\n\n\nLe R\u00e9seau de protection est actif dans tout le pays, y\ncompris dans les r\u00e9gions frontali\u00e8res et isol\u00e9es o\u00f9 l\u2019Etat\net le HCR n\u2019ont qu\u2019une pr\u00e9sence limit\u00e9e. Il est charg\u00e9 des\nmodalit\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, de l\u2019aide d\u2019urgence et de l\u2019orientation\ndes demandeurs d\u2019asile. Les membres confessionnels\ndu R\u00e9seau ont \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le crucial en\nsensibilisant les autorit\u00e9s et les prestataires de services\naux besoins de protection des demandeurs d\u2019asile et des\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s r\u00e9install\u00e9s.\n\n\n\n15\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 14 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales, de leurs organisations et des chefs**\n**religieux,** afin qu\u2019ils deviennent des partenaires plus efficaces. Le personnel est encourag\u00e9 \u00e0 associer les acteurs\nconfessionnels aux actions de formation et de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s afin d\u2019approfondir leurs connaissances\ndes priorit\u00e9s de protection strat\u00e9giques du HCR dans un contexte donn\u00e9 et d\u2019identifier les domaines potentiels\nd\u2019action ou de plaidoyer commun. Certains facteurs \u00e0 prendre en consid\u00e9ration sont les suivants:\n\n - \u0007Quelle exp\u00e9rience technique et quelles capacit\u00e9s en rapport avec l\u2019action\ndu HCR les acteurs confessionnels poss\u00e8dent-t-ils ?\n\n - \u0007De quelles ressources financi\u00e8res et en nature disposent les structures\norganisationnelles pour mener \u00e0 bien leurs activit\u00e9s ?\n\n - \u0007Quelle est l\u2019ampleur et la profondeur de la base de soutien des acteurs confessionnels ?\n\n - \u0007Comment ces ressources et ces biens peuvent-ils \u00eatre exploit\u00e9s dans le\ncadre de partenariats avec les acteurs confessionnels ?\n\n\n**Am\u00e9liorer la coordination avec les acteurs confessionnels** pour faciliter la participation de ces derniers au\ncadre humanitaire \u00e9tabli. Le partage d\u2019informations est essentiel \u00e0 une coop\u00e9ration strat\u00e9gique plus \u00e9troite,\nen particulier dans les situations d\u2019urgence. Les chefs religieux ou les repr\u00e9sentants de la communaut\u00e9\nconfessionnelle locale peuvent devenir de plus en plus int\u00e9gr\u00e9s au cadre humanitaire \u00e9tabli en \u00e9tant invit\u00e9s \u00e0\ndes r\u00e9unions de coordination r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Cette d\u00e9marche contribue en outre \u00e0 combler le foss\u00e9 existant entre\ncertains partenaires humanitaires. Il convient \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard d\u2019explorer les aspects suivants :\n\n - Comment la communaut\u00e9 religieuse choisit-elle ses chefs ?\n\n - \u0007Qui, dans les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales, est charg\u00e9 de la prise de d\u00e9cisions,\nainsi que de la mise en \u0153uvre, du suivi et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des projets ?\n\n - \u0007Quelles sont les m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es par les acteurs confessionnels pour communiquer les informations ?\n\n - Qui peut repr\u00e9senter les communaut\u00e9s confessionnelles locales dans les r\u00e9unions de coordination ?\n\n\n16 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 15 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Umm passe la plupart de son temps dans sa caravane durant le Ramadan, \u00e9gr\u00e9nant son chapelet musulman. Le fait de ne pas avoir\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 un Coran dans son lieu de r\u00e9sidence temporaire au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Za\u2019atari est l\u2019un de ses plus profonds regrets. \u00abLe\nCoran et les perles pour la pri\u00e8re sont les choses les plus importantes durant le Ramadan\u00bb me dit-elle. Umm ajoute que le Ramadan\nsans le Coran ne lui semble pas du tout comme le Ramadan. \u00a9 UNHCR / J. Kohler\n\n### **Annexe A \u2013 Contributeurs \u00e0 l\u2019Enqu\u00eate** **sur les exemples de bonnes pratiques** **(Survey on Good Practice Examples)**\n\n\nLes bureaux suivants du HCR ont soumis des exemples de partenariats :\n\n\n\n\n- HCR T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, Iran\n\n- HCR Bangui, R\u00e9publique centrafricaine\n\n- HCR Malaisie\n\n- HCR Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\n\n- HCR Autriche\n\n- HCR antenne de Jijiga, Ethiopie\n\n\n\n\n- HCR Mexique\n\n- HCR Am\u00e9rique centrale et Cuba\n\n- HCR Brasilia, Br\u00e9sil\n\n- HCR Washington D.C., Etats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique\n\n- HCR Myanmar\n\n- HCR Liban\n\n\n\nLes organisations non gouvernementales et les communaut\u00e9s religieuses suivantes\nont soumis des exemples de bonnes pratiques :\n\n\n\n\n- Act for Peace, Australie\n\n- Armenian Caritas, Arm\u00e9nie\n\n- CAFOD\n\n- Capuchin Tertiary Sisters, Chili\n\n- Caritas Internationalis\n\n- Caritas Nairobi, Kenya\n\n- _Casa del Migrate Scalabrini,_ Mexique\n\n- Catholic Relief Services\n\n- Church World Service\n\n- Christian Aid, R\u00e9publique dominicaine\n\n- \u0007Programme d\u2019accompagnement\n\u0153cum\u00e9nique en Palestine et Isra\u00ebl, et dans\nles Territoires palestiniens occup\u00e9s\n\n- Edmund Rice International\n\n- Franciscan Family, Tchad\n\n- Franciscans International\n\n- Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Etats-Unis\n\n- \u0007Integration and Support Unit/\nMount Sion, Royaume-Uni\n\n- Jesuit Refugee Service/Etats-Unis\n\n- _Kerk in Actie,_ Pays-Bas\n\n\n\n\n- \u0007Lutheran Children and Family Service of\nEastern Pennsylvania, Etats-Unis\n\n- Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service, Etats-Unis\n\n- Lutheran Services Georgia, Etats-Unis\n\n- F\u00e9d\u00e9ration luth\u00e9rienne mondiale\n\n- \u0007Lutheran World Service, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration\nluth\u00e9rienne mondiale, Kenya\n\n- \u0007Conseil national chr\u00e9tien de Sri Lanka et\nSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 Mahabodhi de Sri Lanka\n\n- \u0007Nepal Country Office, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration luth\u00e9rienne mondiale\n\n- OFADEC, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal\n\n- \u0007Revive/Holy Ghost Fathers and Christian\nBrothers, Royaume-Uni\n\n- \u0007Mouvement de sanctuaires/Comit\u00e9 \u0153cum\u00e9nique\nallemand \u00ab L\u2019asile \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise \u00bb, Allemagne\n\n- \u0007South African Jewish Board of Deputies, Afrique du Sud\n\n- The Refuge Pnan, Cor\u00e9e du Sud\n\n- \u0007United States Conference of Catholic Bishops,\nMigration and Refugee Services, Etats-Unis\n\n- World Outreach Initiatives, Burundi\n\n- Zimbabwe Council of Churches\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 16 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **Annexe B \u2013 Affirmation de bienvenue**\n\nDe d\u00e9cembre 2012 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2013, le document _Accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger : Affirmations des chefs religieux_\n(http://www.unhcr.org/51b6de419.html) a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 et adopt\u00e9 par plus de 1 700 chefs religieux, membres de\ncommunaut\u00e9s de croyants et organisations confessionnelles du monde entier et a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement lanc\u00e9 devant une\nassembl\u00e9e compos\u00e9e de 600 chefs religieux lors de la neuvi\u00e8me Assembl\u00e9e mondiale de _Religions pour la paix,_ qui s\u2019est\nd\u00e9roul\u00e9e le 21 novembre 2013, \u00e0 Vienne.\n\n\n**Accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger : Affirmations des chefs religieux**\n\n\nL\u2019une des valeurs fondamentales de ma foi est d\u2019accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger, le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, le d\u00e9plac\u00e9 interne, l\u2019autre. Je le/\nla traiterai comme j\u2019aimerais qu\u2019on me traite. Je demanderai aux autres, m\u00eame aux dirigeants de ma communaut\u00e9\nreligieuse, de faire de m\u00eame.\n\n\nDe concert avec les chefs religieux, les organisations confessionnelles, et les communaut\u00e9s religieuses du monde\nentier, j\u2019affirme :\n## _\u00ab [ J\u2019accueillerai l\u2019\u00e9tranger.]_\n\n_Ma foi m\u2019enseigne que la compassion, la mis\u00e9ricorde, l\u2019amour et l\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 visent chacun : le compatriote ainsi que_\n_l\u2019\u00e9tranger, le membre de ma communaut\u00e9 ainsi que le nouveau venu._\n\n_Je me souviendrai et je rappellerai aux membres de ma communaut\u00e9 que nous sommes tous consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme \u00ab_\n_\u00e9trangers \u00bb quelque part, et que nous devrions traiter l\u2019\u00e9tranger dans notre communaut\u00e9 comme nous souhaiterions_\n_\u00eatre trait\u00e9s nous-m\u00eames et lutter contre l\u2019intol\u00e9rance._\n\n_Je me souviendrai et je rappellerai aux membres de ma communaut\u00e9 que personne ne quitte sa patrie sans raison_\n_: certains fuient la pers\u00e9cution, la violence ou l\u2019exploitation ; d\u2019autres les catastrophes naturelles ; d\u2019autres encore_\n_souhaitent offrir, par amour, une vie meilleure \u00e0 leur famille._\n\n\n18 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 17 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Je reconnais que toute personne, en tant qu\u2019\u00eatre humain, a le droit \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 et au respect. Tous ceux qui se trouvent_\n_dans mon pays, y compris l\u2019\u00e9tranger, sont soumis \u00e0 ses lois, et personne ne devrait faire l\u2019objet d\u2019hostilit\u00e9 ou de_\n_discrimination._\n\n_Je reconnais que l\u2019accueil de l\u2019\u00e9tranger n\u00e9cessite parfois du courage mais que les joies et les espoirs qui lui sont associ\u00e9s_\n_en surpassent les risques et les d\u00e9fis. Je soutiendrai ceux qui font preuve de courage en accueillant l\u2019\u00e9tranger._\n\n_Je ferai preuve d\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 envers l\u2019\u00e9tranger car ceci conf\u00e8re une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u00e0 ma communaut\u00e9, \u00e0 ma famille, \u00e0_\n_l\u2019\u00e9tranger et \u00e0 moi-m\u00eame._\n\n_Je respecterai et j\u2019honorerai le fait qu\u2019un \u00e9tranger puisse \u00eatre d\u2019une autre confession ou avoir des croyances diff\u00e9rentes_\n_des miennes ou de celles des membres de ma communaut\u00e9._\n\n_Je respecterai le droit de l\u2019\u00e9tranger de pratiquer librement sa propre religion. Je m\u2019efforcerai d\u2019am\u00e9nager un lieu o\u00f9 il/elle_\n_pourra librement pratiquer son culte._\n\n_Je parlerai de ma foi sans m\u00e9priser ou ridiculiser celle des autres._\n\n_Je construirai des ponts entre l\u2019\u00e9tranger et moi-m\u00eame. Par mon exemple, j\u2019encouragerai les autres \u00e0 faire de m\u00eame._\n\n_Je ferai un effort non seulement pour accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger mais \u00e9galement pour l\u2019\u00e9couter avec attention et pour_\n_promouvoir la compr\u00e9hension et l\u2019accueil dans ma communaut\u00e9._\n\n_Je d\u00e9fendrai la justice sociale pour l\u2019\u00e9tranger, tout comme je le fais pour d\u2019autres membres de ma communaut\u00e9._\n\n_Lorsque je serai t\u00e9moin d\u2019hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019\u00e9tranger dans ma communaut\u00e9, que ce soit par des paroles ou par des_\n_actes, je ne l\u2019ignorerai pas mais je tenterai plut\u00f4t d\u2019\u00e9tablir un dialogue et de faciliter la paix._\n\n_Je ne me tairai pas lorsque je verrai d\u2019autres personnes, y compris les chefs de ma communaut\u00e9 religieuse, parler mal_\n_des \u00e9trangers, les juger sans chercher \u00e0 les conna\u00eetre, ou lorsque je les verrai exclus, l\u00e9s\u00e9s ou opprim\u00e9s._\n\n_J\u2019encouragerai ma communaut\u00e9 religieuse \u00e0 \u0153uvrer avec d\u2019autres communaut\u00e9s et organisations confessionnelles pour_\n_trouver de meilleurs moyens de porter secours \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger._\n\n_J\u2019accueillerai l\u2019\u00e9tranger. \u00bb_\n\n\n**Principes fondateurs**\n\n\nL\u2019appel visant \u00e0 \u00ab accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00bb, par le biais de la protection et de l\u2019hospitalit\u00e9, et \u00e0 honorer l\u2019\u00e9tranger ou les fid\u00e8les\nd\u2019autres confessions avec respect et sur un pied d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, est profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9 dans toutes les grandes religions.\n\nDans les Upanishads, le mantra _atithi devo bhava_ ou \u00ab l\u2019h\u00f4te est semblable \u00e0 Dieu \u00bb exprime l\u2019importance\nfondamentale de l\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 dans la culture hindoue. Au centre du _dharma_ ou de la Loi hindoue, se trouvent\nles valeurs de _karuna_ ou de compassion, _ahimsa_ ou non-violence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de tous et de _seva_ ou volont\u00e9 de servir\nl\u2019\u00e9tranger et l\u2019h\u00f4te inconnu. Fournir nourriture et abri \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger dans le besoin est traditionnellement du devoir du\nchef de famille et bon nombre s\u2019y conforment encore. Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, le concept du _dharma_ consacre l\u2019injonction \u00e0\nfaire son devoir, y compris \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la communaut\u00e9, ce qui doit se faire dans le respect des valeurs telles que la nonviolence et l\u2019abn\u00e9gation au service du bien.\n\nLe _Tripitaka_ souligne l\u2019importance de cultiver quatre \u00e9tats d\u2019\u00e2me : _metta_ (l\u2019amour bienveillant), _muditha_ (la joie\nsympathique), _upekkha_ (l\u2019\u00e9quanimit\u00e9), et _karuna_ (la compassion). Les traditions du bouddhisme sont multiples\net vari\u00e9es mais le concept de _karuna_ en est la pierre angulaire. Il recouvre les qualit\u00e9s de tol\u00e9rance, de nondiscrimination, d\u2019inclusion et d\u2019empathie pour la souffrance des autres, refl\u00e9tant le r\u00f4le central que joue la compassion\ndans d\u2019autres religions.\n\nLa Torah contient 36 occurrences de l\u2019honneur d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Le L\u00e9vitique contient l\u2019un des fondements les plus\nremarquables de la foi juive : \u00ab L\u2019\u00e9tranger qui s\u00e9journe parmi vous, vous sera comme celui qui est n\u00e9 parmi vous, et\ntu l\u2019aimeras comme toi-m\u00eame ; car vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9trangers dans le pays d\u2019Egypte \u00bb. (L\u00e9vitique 19:33-34). Par ailleurs,\nla Torah d\u00e9clare \u00ab tu n\u2019opprimeras point l\u2019\u00e9tranger ; vous savez vous-m\u00eames ce qu\u2019\u00e9prouve l\u2019\u00e9tranger, car vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9\n\u00e9trangers dans le pays d\u2019Egypte. \u00bb (Exode 23:9)\n\nDans l\u2019Evangile de Matthieu (32:32), nous entendons l\u2019appel : \u00ab J\u2019ai eu faim et vous m\u2019avez donn\u00e9 \u00e0 manger, j\u2019ai eu soif\net vous m\u2019avez donn\u00e9 \u00e0 boire, j\u2019\u00e9tais \u00e9tranger et vous m\u2019avez accueilli\u2026 \u00bb. Et dans la Lettre aux H\u00e9breux (13:1-2), nous\nlisons \u00ab Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rez dans l\u2019amour fraternel. N\u2019oubliez pas l\u2019hospitalit\u00e9 ; quelques-uns en la pratiquant ont, \u00e0 leur insu,\nlog\u00e9 des anges. \u00bb\n\nLorsque le Proph\u00e8te Mohammed a fui la pers\u00e9cution de la Mecque, il a cherch\u00e9 refuge \u00e0 Medina, o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueilli\navec hospitalit\u00e9. L\u2019 _hijrah_ du Proph\u00e8te, ou la migration, symbolise le d\u00e9placement depuis les terres d\u2019oppression et le\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 18 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Tha\u00eflande / R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Myanmar au camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Nu Po. \u00a9 UNHCR / R. Arnold\n\n\ntraitement hospitalier qui lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9serv\u00e9 incarne le mod\u00e8le islamique de la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le Saint Coran\nappelle \u00e0 la protection du demandeur d\u2019asile, ou _al-mustamin,_ qu\u2019il soit musulman ou non-musulman, dont la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\nest irr\u00e9vocablement garantie par l\u2019institution d\u2019 _Aman_ (la fourniture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de protection). Comme mentionn\u00e9\ndans la Sourate Al Anfal : \u00ab [..] ceux qui [\u2026] ont donn\u00e9 refuge et port\u00e9 secours, ceux-l\u00e0 sont les vrais croyants : \u00e0 eux,\nle pardon et une r\u00e9compense g\u00e9n\u00e9reuse. \u00bb (8 :74)\n\nLe monde compte aujourd\u2019hui des dizaines de millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes. Nos croyances exigent que\nnous nous rappelions que nous sommes tous des migrants sur cette Terre, cheminant ensemble dans l\u2019espoir.\n\n\n**Contexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral**\n\nEn d\u00e9cembre 2012, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, le Haut Commissaire des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, a organis\u00e9\nun Dialogue avec des chefs religieux, des organisations humanitaires confessionnelles, des repr\u00e9sentants de\ngouvernements du monde entier et des chercheurs sur le th\u00e8me \u00ab Foi et Protection \u00bb. Comme le Haut Commissaire l\u2019a\nnot\u00e9 dans ses remarques liminaires, \u00ab \u2026 tous les syst\u00e8mes de valeurs des principales religions embrassent l\u2019humanit\u00e9,\nle soin et le respect de l\u2019autre, ainsi que la tradition d\u2019octroyer une protection aux personnes en danger. Les principes\ndu droit moderne des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019enracinent profond\u00e9ment dans ces Ecritures et Traditions anciennes. \u00bb Lors de la\ncl\u00f4ture de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement marquant, le Haut Commissaire a souscrit \u00e0 une recommandation relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration\nd\u2019un code de conduite \u00e0 l\u2019intention des chefs religieux visant \u00e0 accueillir les migrants, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019autres personnes\nd\u00e9plac\u00e9es de force et \u00e0 lutter contre la x\u00e9nophobie.\n\nEn r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cet appel, de f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 avril 2013, une coalition de grandes organisations humanitaires confessionnelles\net d\u2019\u00e9tablissements universitaires (y compris HIAS, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Jesuit Refugee Service, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration\nLuth\u00e9rienne Mondiale, Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, Religions for Peace, University of Vienna Faculty of Roman\nCatholic Theology, le Conseil Oecum\u00e9nique des Eglises, World Evangelical Alliance et World Vision International)\nont r\u00e9dig\u00e9 \u00ab Accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger : affirmations des chefs religieux. \u00bb Ces affirmations, traduites en arabe, chinois,\nespagnol, fran\u00e7ais, h\u00e9breu et russe, appellent les chefs de toutes les confessions \u00e0 \u00ab accueillir l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00bb dans la\ndignit\u00e9, le respect et l\u2019appui bienveillant. Des groupes confessionnels dans le monde entier peuvent \u00e9galement utiliser\nces affirmations et leurs ressources d\u2019appui comme des instruments pratiques visant \u00e0 mobiliser un soutien pour les\nr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les autres personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es dans leurs communaut\u00e9s.\n\n\n20 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 19 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "### **R\u00e9f\u00e9rences et ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires**\n\n\n\nCICR, (1994), \u00ab Code de conduite pour le Mouvement\ninternational de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge\net pour les organisations non gouvernmentales lors des\nop\u00e9rations de secours en cas de catastrophe \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/cfgsd\n\n\nDispositif mondial d\u2019aide humanitaire, (1997),\n\u00ab Principes en mati\u00e8re de partenariat \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/ReWS2M\n\n\nFiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. (ed), (2011), \u00ab Introduction:\nFaith-based Humanitarianism in Contexts of Forced\nDisplacement \u00bb, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 24,\nNo. 3: Oxford.\n\n\nHCR (co-publi\u00e9 avec l\u2019Organisation de la Conf\u00e9rence\nislamique et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Arabe Na\u00eff des sciences de\nla s\u00e9curit\u00e9) (2009), \u00ab The Right to Asylum between\nShari\u2019ah and International Refugee Law:\nA Comparative Study \u00bb,\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/4a9645646.html\n\n\nHCR (2012), \u00ab Document d\u2019information pour le\nDialogue du Haut Commissaire sur le th\u00e8me Foi et\nprotection \u00bb, http://www.unhcr.fr/50ad007f9.html\n\n\nHCR (2012), \u00ab Remarques de cl\u00f4ture du Haut\nCommissaire \u00bb, http://www.unhcr.fr/50d462799.html\n\n\nHCR, (2013), \u00ab Comprendre la protection bas\u00e9e sur la\ncommunaut\u00e9 \u00bb, http://goo.gl/ePFcmM\n\n\nJoint Learning Initiative on Local Faith Communities,\n(2012), \u00ab Local faith communities and the promotion\nof resilience in humanitarian situations \u00bb, Refugee\nStudies Centre Forced Migration Policy Note, Oxford.\n\n\nKadayifci-Orellana, S. A., Abu-Nimer, M. et\nMohamed-Saleem, (2013), A., \u00ab Understanding an\nIslamic Framework for Peacebuilding \u00bb, Islamic\nRelief Worldwide, Working Paper Series No. 2013-02:\nBirmingham, GB.\n\n\nONUSIDA, (2011). \u00ab Partenariat entre l\u2019ONUSIDA et\nles organisations confessionnelles : cadre strat\u00e9gique \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/j1ixqz\n\n\nPNUD, (2014), \u00ab Guidelines on engaging with\nfaith-based organizations \u00bb, \u00e0 para\u00eetre.\n\n\nLe Projet Sph\u00e8re, (2012), \u00ab \u00c9dition 2011 du Manuel\nSph\u00e8re : Qu\u2019y trouverez-vous de nouveau ? \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/dcprdY\n\n\n\nRamalingam, B., Gray, B. and Cerruti, G. Bill\nGray, (2013), \u00ab Missed opportunities: the case for\nstrengthening local partnership-cased humanitarian\nresponses \u00bb, ActionAid, CAFOD, Christian Aid, Oxfam\nGB et Tearfund, Londres.\n\n\nSocial Science Research Council, (2011), \u00ab Religion,\nDevelopment and the United Nations \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/tCrHlU\n\n\nT\u00fcrk, V. (2008), \u00ab Reflections on Asylum and Islam \u00bb,\nRefugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 2: Oxford.\n\n\nUK Department for International Development,\n(2012), \u00ab Faith Partnership Principles: Working\neffectively with faith groups to fight global poverty \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/e6O1lu\n\n\nUNFPA, (2009), \u00ab Guidelines for Engaging Faith-based\nOrganizations (FBOs) as Agents of Change \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/YrBX5E\n\n\nUNFPA, (2009), \u00ab Global Forum of Faith-based\nOrganisations for Population and Development \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/yfTr7G\n\n\nUNICEF, (2012), \u00ab Cr\u00e9er un partenariat en faveur des\nenfants avec les communaut\u00e9s religieuses \u00bb,\nhttp://goo.gl/T7i8C9\n\n\n\n21\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 20 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "22 Note sur le partenariat avec les acteurs confessionnels\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 21 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Couverture arri\u00e8re : Un p\u00e8re et son fils prient\ndans le camp d\u2019Ifo, Dadaab. Les camps de Dadaab\nsubissent de lourdes pressions d\u00e9mographiques,\ncar ils font face \u00e0 un afflux massif de somaliens qui\nfuient au Kenya pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 la violence. Les\nterres, les habitations, les \u00e9coles et les soins de sant\u00e9\npour les quelque 300 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9vus, \u00e0\nl\u2019origine, pour am\u00e9nager 90 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\n\u00a9 UNHCR / E. Hockstein\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 22 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "**Haut Commissariat des**\n**Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s**\nCase Postale 2500,\n1211 Gen\u00e8ve 2, Suisse\n\nwww.unhcr.org\n\n\u00a9 HCR, 2014\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/c18f1df3-1010-3d8b-897a-01f2cf67a1ad/53ad6b569.pdf", - "pages": [ - 23 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_99/raw/doc_99_direct_judged.jsonl b/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_99/raw/doc_99_direct_judged.jsonl deleted file mode 100644 index 21a9c44d0da2bc13d553a58ae65dd90b88a8f07c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/annotation_data/unhcr_extractions/doc_99/raw/doc_99_direct_judged.jsonl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "input_text": "November 2014\n**UNHCR POSITION ON RETURNS TO LIBYA**\n\n\n_Introduction_\n\n\n1. Since the overthrow of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and his government in October 2011, Libya\n\nhas been affected by a chronic state of insecurity. [1] In a climate of instability and chaos, the country\nhas seen intense clashes between armed groups and almost daily assassinations, bombings and\nkidnappings. The presence of numerous militias \u2013 some reports indicate that there are up to 1,700\ndifferent armed groups [2] - each reported to control certain areas of territory, have left successive\ngovernments struggling to exercise authority in those areas. The many armed groups are reported\nto be ideologically divided and are said to be split along geographical lines in the country.\nAnalysts have expressed concerns about the risk of Libya descending into civil war. [3] Intense\nfighting between rival armed groups takes its toll on civilians, as hundreds of thousands have been\nforcibly displaced across the country, vital infrastructure has been destroyed and the humanitarian\nsituation is rapidly deteriorating. [4]\n\n_Recent Political Developments (2014)_\n\n\n2. Social unrest, evidenced, _inter alia_, by demonstrations, armed clashes, and an increase in\n\nkidnappings and killings has been reported in Libya in a climate of deteriorating security. Since\nJanuary 2014, Libya has had rapid succession in the Executive branch that is closely linked to the\nincreasingly divided political landscape. In February 2014, protests erupted when the parliament,\nthe General National Congress (GNC), cited the need for drafting a new constitution and extended\nits mandate beyond 7 February 2014. On 16 May 2014, the situation further deteriorated when a\nformer General, Khalifa Haftar, [5] launched a military offensive against armed groups in Benghazi.\n\n\n1 See UN Security Council, _Security Council resolution 2174 (2014) [on the situation in Libya]_, 27 August 2014, S/RES/2174 (2014),\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5418057d4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5418057d4.html)\n2 BBC News, _Why is Libya Lawless?,_ 15 July 2014, [http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq.](http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq)\n3 For reports on and analysis of developments in Libya, see e.g. Foreign Policy, _Who's Running This Joint, Anyway? Two Governments_\n_Are Competing to Rule Libya - But It May Be the Militias that Wield the Real Power,_ [13 October 2014, http://atfp.co/10uEFDc; UN](http://atfp.co/10uEFDc)\nNews Service, _For Any Political Progress to Hold, \u2018The Fighting Has to Stop,\u2019_ _UN Chief Declares in Libya_, 11 October 2014,\n[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49060; UN News Service](http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49060) _, Libya Closer to Brink of Protracted Conflict and Strife, UN_\n_Envoy Warns,_ 15 September 2014, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/541804de4.html; Associated Press,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/541804de4.html) _Under Militia Power, Libya_\n_Closer to Failed State,_ 9 September 2014, [http://wapo.st/1tHGqso; UN General Assembly,](http://wapo.st/1tHGqso) _Report of the Secretary-General on the_\n_United Nations Support Mission in Libya,_ [5 September 2014, S/2014/653, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54119b554.html; New York](http://www.refworld.org/docid/54119b554.html)\nTimes, _Libyan Militias Seize Control of Capital as Chaos Rises,_ [1 September 2014, http://nyti.ms/1Ei6Tjr; BBC News,](http://nyti.ms/1Ei6Tjr) _Why is Libya_\n_Lawless?_, 15 July 2014, [http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq; BBC News,](http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq) _Guide to Key Libyan Militias,_ 20 May 2014, [http://bbc.in/1sgf6No.](http://bbc.in/1sgf6No)\n4 UN News Centre, _Libya: Intensifying fighting continues to take heavy civilian toll, warns UN agency_, 10 October 2014,\n[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49054; UN News Centre,](http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49054) _Libya closer to brink of protracted conflict and strife, UN_\n_envoy warns_ [, 15 September 2014, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48712.](http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48712)\n5 General Khalifa Haftar served in the Libyan Army under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and later took part in his overthrow in 2011. On 16\n\nMay 2014, he launched _Operation Dignity_ against militias allied with Islamist groups in Benghazi. See e.g. Foreign Affairs, _Libya\u2019s_\n\n\n1/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 0 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "Two days later, armed groups allied with former General Haftar stormed the parliament building in\nTripoli accusing the then-elected Prime Minister Ahmed Maiteeq, [6] of supporting Islamist groups.\nA new parliament, the House of Representatives, was elected in June. The security situation\ncontinued to deteriorate rapidly in July 2014, when fighting between rival militias [7] over control of\nTripoli International Airport erupted into weeks of active combat and spread to other parts of the\ncity, directly affecting civilians and causing large-scale displacement. [8] A number of embassies\nwere closed, many foreign nationals were evacuated and programmes of UN agencies and partners\nare largely remotely managed. [9]\n\n3. In August 2014, the political crisis escalated further, when the House of Representatives [10] moved\n\nto Tobruk while a number of its members boycotted its proceedings and the GNC reconvened in\nTripoli. The House of Representatives reappointed Abdullah Al Thinni as Prime Minister, while\nthe GNC appointed Omar Al Hassi as Prime Minister, effectively leaving the country with two\ngovernments. [11] The UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) has started a political dialogue with\nthe different stakeholders. [12] Although calm returned to Tripoli in early September after over six\nweeks of heavy fighting, the city is reported to be under the control of a coalition of armed groups\nsupportive of the GNC and Al Hassi Government, [13] and fighting continues in cities and towns to\nthe west and south of Tripoli. [14] Fighting in Benghazi intensified on 15 October when former\nGeneral Haftar scaled up military actions in the city with the endorsement of the House of\nRepresentatives. [15] On 6 November 2014, Libya\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the House of\nRepresentatives unconstitutional after a legal challenge by a group of politicians. In response to the\nruling, certain members of the House of Representatives in Tobruk declared that they did not\nrecognize the Supreme Court ruling. The ruling might deepen the political crisis and contribute to\nfurther turmoil. [16]\n\n4. In addition to recent developments in the west and east of the country, the southern region of Libya\n\nhas also seen intermittent violent conflict linked to inter and intra-ethnic rivalries exacerbated by\ngeopolitics and shifting allegiances. [17] Since January 2014, the situation in the south has reportedly\ndeteriorated, particularly in and around the cities of Sabha and Obari, resulting in further waves of\ndisplacement and increasing risks of spill-over of violence into southern neighbouring countries. [18]\n\n\n_Legitimacy Crisis_, 6 October 2014, [http://fam.ag/1tbHCik; and BBC News Africa,](http://fam.ag/1tbHCik) _Profile: Libyan ex-General Khalifa Haftar_, 16\nOctober 2014, [http://bbc.in/10uFBYa.](http://bbc.in/10uFBYa)\n6 The Constitutional Court ruled on 5 June 2014 that the election of Ahmad Maiteeq was illegal. See Al Arabiya News, _Court: election of_\n_Maiteeq as Libya\u2019s PM illegal,_ 5 June 2014, [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/06/05/Libyan-court-Election-of-](http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/06/05/Libyan-court-Election-of-Ahmed-Maiteeq-as-PM-illegal.html)\n[Ahmed-Maiteeq-as-PM-illegal.html.](http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/06/05/Libyan-court-Election-of-Ahmed-Maiteeq-as-PM-illegal.html)\n7 In July 2014, fighting broke out over control of the airport between armed groups from the town of Zintan, who had controlled the\n\nairport since 2011, and armed groups from the coastal city of Misrata. See e.g. Washington Post, _What\u2019s Behind Libya\u2019s Spiraling_\n_Violence_ [, 28 July 2014, http://ceip.org/1uvo92V.](http://ceip.org/1uvo92V)\n8 IOM Libya, _Situation Report,_ [14 September 2014, http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/Donor-Update-Report-14-](http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/Donor-Update-Report-14-09-2014.pdf)\n[09-2014.pdf.](http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/Donor-Update-Report-14-09-2014.pdf)\n9 IRIN, _Conditions worsen in Benghazi as fighting intensifies_, 5 November 2014, [http://shar.es/10ZHGO.](http://shar.es/10ZHGO)\n10 The House of Representatives is recognized by the United Nations and the international community as the legitimate Parliament, see\n\ne.g. UN Security Council, _Security Council resolution 2174 (2014) [on the situation in Libya]_, 27 August 2014, S/RES/2174\n(2014), [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5418057d4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/5418057d4.html)\n11 Reuters, _Libya near 'point of no return', U.N. says as fighting toll rises_, 28 October 2014, [http://yhoo.it/1yYhFZ1; The Economist,](http://yhoo.it/1yYhFZ1)\n\n_Libya\u2019s Rival Governments. Too Many Chiefs,_ 27 September 2014, [http://econ.st/1x5PVRX.](http://econ.st/1x5PVRX)\n12 UN News Centre, _Libya: UN Envoy Hails Start of Political Dialogue Aimed at Resolving Ongoing Crisis,_ 29 September 2014,\n\n[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48941.](http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48941)\n13 The coalition is known as _Libyan Dawn_ or _Operation Dawn_ and led by armed groups based in Misrata. See also The Guardian _, Libyan_\n\n_capital under Islamist control after Tripoli airport seized,_ 24 August 2014, [http://bit.ly/1l685Rr.](http://bit.ly/1l685Rr)\n14 See e.g. Associated Press, _23 Killed in Libya as Islamist Militants Battle Rival Militias,_ 12 October 2014, [http://bitly.com/1woutpE;](http://bitly.com/1woutpE)\n\nAssociated Press, _Under Militia Power, Libya Closer to Failed State,_ 9 September 2014, [http://bit.ly/1ytwYbn.](http://bit.ly/1ytwYbn)\n15 See e.g. Reuters, _Libyan army urges residents of Benghazi port area to evacuate_ [, 2 November 2014, http://reut.rs/1pggDYp; Reuters,](http://reut.rs/1pggDYp)\n\n_Libya near 'point of no return', U.N. says as fighting toll rises_ [, 28 October 2014, http://yhoo.it/1yYhFZ1.](http://yhoo.it/1yYhFZ1)\n16 See e.g. BBC, _Libya supreme court 'invalidates' elected parliament_ [, 6 November 2014, http://bbc.in/1zy5lBX; Reuters,](http://bbc.in/1zy5lBX) _Libya faces_\n\n_chaos as top court rejects elected assembly,_ [6 November 2014, http://bit.ly/10z64Um. See also: UNSMIL,](http://bit.ly/10z64Um) _UNSMIL Studying Supreme_\n_Court_ _Ruling,_ _Emphasises_ _Urgent_ _Need_ _for_ _Political_ _Consensus,_ 6 November 2014,\n[http://unsmil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=3543&ctl=Details&mid=6187&ItemID=1992314&language=en-US.](http://unsmil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=3543&ctl=Details&mid=6187&ItemID=1992314&language=en-US)\n17 See e.g. Reuters, _Fighting close to Libyan oilfield and refinery as rival \"oil minister\" appears_, 22 September 2014,\n\n[http://bit.ly/1y32XyO; Saudi Gazette,](http://bit.ly/1y32XyO) _No winners in Libya_ [, 20 October 2014, http://bit.ly/1y33mRW.](http://bit.ly/1y33mRW)\n18 Fighting in and around Obari further intensified in October 2014 as Tebu, Tuareg and Awlad Suleiman groups vied for influence over\n\nsouthern oil fields and began to align themselves with the major power blocs in Tobruk and Tripoli. See e.g. Foreign Policy, _Libya\u2019s_\n\n\n2/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 1 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "_Human Rights Developments_\n\n\n5. The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) and the Office of the High\n\nCommissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have jointly published an overview of violations of\ninternational human rights and humanitarian law during the on-going violence in Libya. [19] The\nreport, published in early September 2014, emphasizes the dire effects of the violence on civilians,\nin particular in and around Tripoli and Benghazi. It refers to \u201ca deepening political polarization\u201d,\nwhich has generated \u201ca climate of fear in which people are reluctant to talk about certain violations\nand abuses that are taking place, particularly detention, abductions and torture, out of fear of\nretaliation by various armed groups\u201d. UNSMIL and OHCHR report indiscriminate shelling and\nattacks on civilian objects and a disregard among fighters of the impact of their actions on\ncivilians, with civilian casualties including foreign nationals. [20] Armed groups are reported to have\nengaged in abductions, reportedly motivated by the victims\u2019 \u201cactual or suspected tribal, family or\nreligious affiliation\u201d, torture, and detention of fighters of competing groups and civilians for\nreason of \u201cpolitical, religious affiliation or nationality\u201d. Assassinations, unlawful killings and\nsummary public executions have been reported as well. [21] The widespread presence of weapons in\nthe country, with the vast majority beyond state control, is said to compound the lack of security\nand sense of lawlessness. In addition, the justice system is reportedly not functioning properly,\nwith non-state dispute mechanisms having emerged to fill the void. These mechanisms reportedly\nrely more on the relative power of the disputing parties than on the law and are not considered\neffective. [22]\n\n6. Refugees, asylum-seekers [23] and migrant workers [24] have found themselves in a very vulnerable and\n\nexposed situation, with many of them trapped in areas affected by fighting without having the\nmeans to move to safety. The widespread and systematic detention of refugees, asylum-seekers\nand migrant workers (in particular but not exclusively of sub-Saharans) in detention centres with\nabysmal conditions, was already reported to be pervasive before the recent intensification of\nconflict and violence in Libya. [25] Detention conditions are, however, said to have worsened further\nas a result of the fighting and the related breakdown in public services and scarcity of food,\nmedicine and other basic items. In the current situation of insecurity, these third-country nationals,\n\n\n_civil war chaos draws in remote south_ [, 4 November 2014, http://on.ft.com/1oeJtrd; Libya Herald,](http://on.ft.com/1oeJtrd) _Obari\u2019s Tuaregs announce support_\n_for HoR as Tebu forces threaten to fight Misratans over oilfields_, 30 October 2014, [http://bit.ly/10uGMH3; Eurasia Review,](http://bit.ly/10uGMH3) _Libya:_\n_Fresh Tribal Clashes In Sabha_, 2 October 2014, [http://www.eurasiareview.com/02102014-libya-fresh-tribal-clashes-sabha/; Reuters,](http://www.eurasiareview.com/02102014-libya-fresh-tribal-clashes-sabha/)\n_Tribesmen fight security forces in south Libya near major oilfield_ [, 21 September 2014, http://reut.rs/XGdPq1.](http://reut.rs/XGdPq1)\n19 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), _Overview of Violations of International Human Rights and_\n\n_Humanitarian Law during the ongoing Violence in Libya_, 4 September 2014, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html)\n20 Libya Body Count has recorded 2,365 casualties between January and 4 November 2014 based on media reports and reports from the\n\npublic websites of the Libyan Ministry of Health, Interior Ministry and Defense Ministry. Note: the organization does not make a\ndistinction between civilians and fighters. See Libya Body Count, accessed 4 November 2014, [http://www.libyabodycount.org/table.](http://www.libyabodycount.org/table)\nNote that several media sources use casualty figures provided by Libya Body Count. UNHCR is not aware of its methodology and its\nreliability as a source has not been independently verified. Associated Press reported on 5 November that nearly 400 persons had\nreportedly been killed in three weeks, see Associated Press, _Nearly 400 Killed in 3 Weeks of Libya Fighting_, 5 November 2014,\n[http://apne.ws/1xdNtd9.](http://apne.ws/1xdNtd9)\n21 OHCHR, _Overview of Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law during the ongoing Violence in Libya_, 4\n\n[September 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html. See also Amnesty International,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html) _Rule of the gun: Abductions, torture_\n_and other militia abuses in western Libya_, 30 October 2014, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/545797924.html; Human Rights Watch](http://www.refworld.org/docid/545797924.html)\n(HRW), _Libya: UPR Submission September 2014,_ 16 September 2014, [http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/16/libya-upr-submission-](http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/16/libya-upr-submission-september-2014)\n[september-2014;](http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/16/libya-upr-submission-september-2014) HRW, _Libya:_ _Assassinations_ _May_ _Be_ _Crimes_ _Against_ _Humanity_, 24 September\n2014, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/542560db4.html; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/542560db4.html) _Libya: Spiraling Militia Attacks May Be War Crimes_, 8 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/540ea9974.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540ea9974.html)\n22 US Institute of Peace, _Security and Justice in Post-Revolution Libya: Where to Turn?,_ 18 September 2014,\n[http://www.usip.org/publications/security-and-justice-in-post-revolution-libya; OHCHR,](http://www.usip.org/publications/security-and-justice-in-post-revolution-libya) _Overview of Violations of International_\n_Human_ _Rights_ _and_ _Humanitarian_ _Law_ _during_ _the_ _ongoing_ _Violence_ _in_ _Libya_, 4 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html; BBC News,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html) _Why is Libya Lawless?,_ 15 July 2014, [http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq.](http://bbc.in/1tZSPYq)\n23 According to information available to UNHCR.\n24 See e.g. International Organization for Migration (IOM), _Migrant Workers in Libya at Growing Risk, Could Feed Deadly_\n\n_Mediterranean Exodus,_ 14 October 2014, [http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-](http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2014b/pbn-listing/migrant-workers-in-libya-at-grow.html)\n[2014b/pbn-listing/migrant-workers-in-libya-at-grow.html;](http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2014b/pbn-listing/migrant-workers-in-libya-at-grow.html) IOM Libya, _Situation_ _Report,_ 12 October 2014,\n[http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Libya-Situation-Report-12-October-2014.pdf.](http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Libya-Situation-Report-12-October-2014.pdf)\n25 See e.g. HRW, _Libya: Whipped, Beaten, and Hung from Trees,_ [22 June 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/53aa7e2f4.html; Amnesty](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53aa7e2f4.html)\n\nInternational, _\u2018If an African dies here, no one cares\u2019 \u2013 abuses of migrants and refugees in detention in Libya,_ 18 December 2013,\n[http://livewire.amnesty.org/2013/12/18/if-an-african-dies-here-no-one-cares-abuses-of-migrants-and-refugees-in-detention-in-libya/.](http://livewire.amnesty.org/2013/12/18/if-an-african-dies-here-no-one-cares-abuses-of-migrants-and-refugees-in-detention-in-libya/)\n\n\n3/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Libya Body Count", - "confidence": 0.9909797310829163, - "start": 631, - "end": 634 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.8101435899734497, - "start": 656, - "end": 657 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Libya", - "confidence": 0.9749622344970703, - "start": 631, - "end": 632 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.7846029996871948, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6285742521286011, - "start": 638, - "end": 639 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 2 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "and in particular refugees and asylum-seekers among them, are at heightened risk of abuse,\nincluding exploitation and coercion by smugglers, human trafficking and sexual violence. UNHCR\nhas also received reports of refugees and asylum seekers being targeted due to their perceived\npolitical or religious affiliation. The situation for Syrian and Palestinian refugees, which previously\nwas somewhat better in comparison to sub-Saharan Africans, has reportedly also deteriorated, with\nSyrians describing increasing harassment and threats of violence. One of the consequences of the\ndire situation in which these persons find themselves is the increase in numbers of persons\nattempting to cross the Mediterranean from Libya, with approximately 130,000 persons (or about\n85% of all arrivals) reported to have arrived in Italy from Libya by boat in the period January October 2014. [26] Amongst persons making or seeking to make this crossing are many originating\nfrom countries affected by, amongst others, conflict, human rights violations, violence and\ninsecurity, such as Syrians and Eritreans. [27] Syrians and Eritreans alone made up some 46 per cent\nof persons who arrived in Italy in 2014. [28]\n\n_Internal Displacement and External Displacement_\n\n\n7. The rapidly deteriorating security situation in Libya has continued to cause new waves of\n\ndisplacement, particularly on the western outskirts of Tripoli and in Benghazi. UNSMIL and local\ncrisis committees put the total number of people internally displaced in Libya at over 287,000,\nwhile the Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) estimates that there were at least\n327,000 IDPs in Libya as of October 2014. [29] The assessment of their needs poses significant\nchallenges due to access and security constraints, which in turn has seriously hampered\nhumanitarian response efforts in the eastern parts of the country and limited them in the western\nparts. [30]\n\n\n8. On account of security constraints, including strict exit control measures at Libya\u2019s borders with\n\nEgypt and Tunisia, movements across the borders are limited. The obstacles encountered when\nseeking safety through land routes [31] have left many asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya with the\nsea route as the only option. As reported above, the number of persons seeking to leave by boat has\nincreased dramatically in recent months.\n\n_Humanitarian Situation_\n\n\n9. The renewed fighting has increased the humanitarian needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs)\n\nand of communities affected by the fighting or hosting IDPs. The prices of food and basic items\nsuch as cooking fuel and wheat flour have reportedly risen steeply during the hostilities. In Tripoli,\nshortages of water, diesel, cooking gas, and other essential items such as milk have been reported,\nas well as disruptive prolonged power cuts in particular, during the six weeks of hostilities that\nstarted in mid-July 2104. Common criminality is reported to have risen markedly in some areas. [32]\n\n\n26 Statistics available to UNHCR.\n27 For data on nationalities of persons crossing or attempting to cross the Mediterranean, see e.g. International Organization for Migration\n\n(IOM), _Fatal_ _Journeys._ _Tracking_ _Lives_ _Lost_ _During_ _Migration,_ 2014,\n[http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/FatalJourneys_CountingtheUncounted.pdf. See also e.g. The Guardian, Datablog,](http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/FatalJourneys_CountingtheUncounted.pdf) _Migrants_\n_Crossing the Mediterranean: Key Numbers,_ [10 June 2014, http://gu.com/p/3qx3y/tw.](http://gu.com/p/3qx3y/tw)\n28 Statistics received by UNHCR from the Italian Ministry of Interior.\n29 UNHCR, _Libya_ _Crisis:_ _UNHCR_ _Regional_ _Update_ _#7:_ _15-28_ _September_ _2014,_ 28 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/543ba76e4.html; IDMC,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/543ba76e4.html) _Libya IDP Figures Analysis,_ 31 October 2014, [http://www.internal-](http://www.internal-displacement.org/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya/figures-analysis)\n[displacement.org/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya/figures-analysis.](http://www.internal-displacement.org/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya/figures-analysis)\n30 UNHCR, _UNHCR_ _Regional_ _Update-_ _Libya_ _Situation,_ _8-14_ _September_ _2014,_ 14 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/542124814.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/542124814.html)\n31 See e.g. \u201c _high number of third country nationals (TCNs) trapped inside Libya, since the border between Libya and Egypt/Tunisia_\n\n_remains_ _practically_ _closed_ _to_ _them_ \u201d, in IOM Libya, _Situation_ _Report,_ 12 October 2014,\n[http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Libya-Situation-Report-12-October-2014.pdf. See also e.g. Al Jazeera,](http://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Libya-Situation-Report-12-October-2014.pdf)\n_Tunisia seals Libya border after violence,_ 2 August 2014, [http://aje.me/1m5IV09.](http://aje.me/1m5IV09)\n32 OHCHR, _Overview of Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law during the ongoing Violence in Libya_, 4\n\n[September 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html)\n\n\n4/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [ - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.5220019817352295, - "start": 527, - "end": 528 - }, - "dataset_tag": "vague", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "International Organization for Migration\n\n(IOM)", - "confidence": 0.5330976843833923, - "start": 552, - "end": 559 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "Mediterranean", - "confidence": 0.7896333336830139, - "start": 545, - "end": 546 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.9118753671646118, - "start": 571, - "end": 572 - }, - "reference_year": null, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - }, - { - "dataset_name": { - "text": "Statistics", - "confidence": 0.7417099475860596, - "start": 605, - "end": 606 - }, - "dataset_tag": "descriptive", - "description": null, - "data_type": null, - "acronym": null, - "author": { - "text": "UNHCR", - "confidence": 0.6941725611686707, - "start": 608, - "end": 609 - }, - "producer": null, - "geography": { - "text": "libya", - "confidence": 0.8512117862701416, - "start": 666, - "end": 667 - }, - "publication_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.961324155330658, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_year": { - "text": "2014", - "confidence": 0.6281684637069702, - "start": 601, - "end": 602 - }, - "reference_population": null, - "is_used": "False", - "usage_context": "background" - } - ], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 3 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "In Benghazi, persistent fighting since May 2014 has left parts of the city inaccessible and entire\nneighbourhoods devastated by shelling. According to UNSMIL, the Benghazi Local Council has\nregistered some 34,000 IDPs in need of basic assistance. [33] Hospitals in Benghazi were shelled, and\nhospitals that are still functioning are reported to be overstretched with high numbers of casualties\nof shelling and fighting, while reporting a lack of medical supplies and absence of medical\npersonnel. [34]\n\n\n10. Initially, many IDPs were taken in by families in host communities. However, as the number of\n\nIDPs has continued to rise, both in eastern and western parts of the country, many are now reported\nto be living in schools as local capacity to absorb IDPs has been exhausted. [35] Host communities are\nreported to be under growing strain from the influx of IDPs and some Local Councils have stopped\nregistering new arrivals due to limited capacity to provide a response. Access to IDPs is difficult\nfor convoys from abroad and for local staff of humanitarian aid agencies, with security constraints\nand blocked roads preventing the delivery of food and medical supplies to areas most affected by\nconflict. [36] It is estimated that 2 million people are likely to be affected by shortages in food and in\nmedical supplies if the fighting continues. [37]\n\n_Nationals and Habitual Residents of Libya who Seek International Protection \u2013 Individual Asylum and_\n_Refugee Status Determination Procedures_\n\n\n11. All claims of nationals and habitual residents of Libya seeking international protection should be\n\nprocessed in fair and efficient procedures in accordance with international and regional refugee\nlaw. [38] For some individuals whose claim had been rejected previous to recent events, the current\nsituation may, depending on the individual circumstances of the claim, give rise to changed\ncircumstances, which need to be considered if a new asylum claim is submitted. Claims for\ninternational protection of persons having been directly affected by recent developments may need\nto be given particular attention, including, for example, political activists, human rights activists,\njudges, women engaged in the public sphere, NGO workers, media professionals, ethnic and\nreligious minorities, and members of tribes or individuals perceived to be in support of the former\nGaddafi regime. [39] Persons with these and other profiles may be in need of international protection\n\n33 UN OCHA, _2014_ _Libya_ _Humanitarian_ _Appeal,_ _September_ _2014_ _\u2013_ _February_ _2015,_ October 2014,\n[https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/2014_Libya_Humanitarian_Appeal.pdf.](https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/2014_Libya_Humanitarian_Appeal.pdf)\n34 IRIN, _Conditions worsen in Benghazi as fighting intensifies_, 5 November 2014, [http://shar.es/10ZHGO; OHCHR,](http://shar.es/10ZHGO) _Overview of_\n\n_Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law during the ongoing Violence in Libya_, 4 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html)\n35 UN News Service, _Libya: Intensifying Fighting Continues to Take Heavy Civilian Toll, Warns UN Agency,_ 10 October 2014,\n\n[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49054.](http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49054#.VEDCa1eNNw0)\n36 UNHCR, _UN Convoy into Western Libya Delivers Food and Relief Supplies to Displaced People,_ 22 September 2014,\n\n[http://www.unhcr.org/541fe0d46.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/541fe0d46.html)\n37 UNHCR, _UNHCR_ _Regional_ _Update_ _-_ _Libya_ _Situation,_ _8_ _\u2013_ _14_ _September_ _2014,_ 14 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/542124814.html. Up to 12,000 IDPs have been reached with humanitarian aid through two cross-border](http://www.refworld.org/docid/542124814.html)\nUN convoys; see UNHCR, _Cross-Border Aid Reaches 12,000 Displaced Civilians in Western Libya,_ 18 August 2014,\n[http://www.unhcr.org/53f200d09.html; UNHCR,](http://www.unhcr.org/53f200d09.html) _UN Convoy into Western Libya Delivers Food and Relief Supplies to Displaced_\n_People,_ [22 September 2014, http://www.unhcr.org/541fe0d46.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/541fe0d46.html)\n38 Applicable frameworks include that of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees [ _Convention Relating to the Status of_\n\n_Refugees_ _(\u201c1951_ _Convention\u201d),_ 28 July 1951, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, p. 137,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/3be01b964.html]](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3be01b964.htmlP) and its Protocol [ _Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees,_ 31 January 1967, United\nNations, Treaty Series, vol. 606, p. 267, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html], the EU Qualification Directive, relating to](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ae4.html)\nrefugees or persons in need of subsidiary protection [European Union, _Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the_\n_Council on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection,_\n_for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted (recast)_\n_(\u201cQualification Directive\u201d),_ 13 December 2011, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f06fa5e2.html] or other applicable regional](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f06fa5e2.html)\nframeworks; the OAU Convention [ _Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa_ _(\"OAU Convention\"),_ 10\n[September 1969, 1001 U.N.T.S. 45, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b36018.html], and the Cartagena Declaration [](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b36018.html) _Cartagena_\n_Declaration on Refugees, Colloquium on the International Protection of Refugees in Central America, Mexico and Panama,_ 22\nNovember 1984, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html].](http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36ec.html)\n39 See reports on incidents of violence against / abductions / killings of persons with such profiles in: OHCHR and UNSMIL, _Overview of_\n\n_Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law during the ongoing Violence in Libya,_ 4 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html; HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/540d627e4.html) _Libya: Assassinations May Be Crimes Against Humanity,_ 24 September 2014,\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/542560db4.html. As regards women engaged in the public sphere, see e.g. HRW,](http://www.refworld.org/docid/542560db4.html) _Libya: Tribute to_\n_Salwa Bughaighis,_ 26 June 2014, [http://www.refworld.org/docid/53ad46d04.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/53ad46d04.html)\n\n\n5/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 4 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "in accordance with the 1951 Convention, for reason of real or imputed political opinion, or for\nreasons related to other 1951 Convention grounds. Claims need to be considered on an individual\nbasis, carefully taking into account the particular circumstances of each case. Furthermore, where\napplicable, UNHCR considers that persons fleeing Libya may be in need of international protection\nin accordance with Article 1(2) of the 1969 OAU Convention, or, if the 1951 Convention criteria\nare found not to apply in the individual case, may meet the criteria for complementary forms of\nprotection. [40] There may be individuals who have been associated with acts that bring them within\nthe scope of the exclusion clauses contained in Article 1F of the 1951 Convention. [41] In such cases,\nit will be necessary to examine carefully any issues of individual responsibility for crimes which\nmay give rise to exclusion from international refugee protection. In addition, to preserve the civilian\ncharacter of asylum, States would need to assess the situation of arrivals carefully so as to identify\narmed elements and separate them from the civilian refugee population. [42]\n\n_Access to Territory and UNHCR Position on Returns_\n\n\n12. As the situation in Libya remains fluid and uncertain, UNHCR calls on all countries to allow\n\ncivilians fleeing Libya access to their territories. UNHCR furthermore commends any measure\ntaken by States to suspend forcible returns of nationals or habitual residents of Libya, including\nthose who have had their asylum claim rejected. UNHCR urges all States to suspend forcible\nreturns to Libya until the security and human rights situation has improved considerably. Any\nproposed returns in the context of the application of an internal flight or relocation alternative\nwould need to be assessed carefully, taking into account the individual circumstances of the case;\nUNHCR considers that, in the current circumstances, in most cases the relevance and\nreasonableness criteria are unlikely to be met. [43] Suspension of forcible returns of nationals and\nhabitual residents to Libya serves as a minimum standard and should not replace international\nprotection for persons found to meet the criteria for refugee status under the 1951 Convention and\nthe 1969 OAU Convention. This advice is valid until such time as the security and human rights\nsituation in Libya has improved sufficiently to permit a safe and dignified return.\n\n_Refugees and Asylum-Seekers (Third Country Nationals)_\n\n\n13. Libya is not party to the 1951 Refugee Convention. Confronted with increasing insecurity, third\n\ncountry nationals have found themselves compelled to leave Libya in large numbers, many of them\nresorting to dangerous sea journeys. Among these persons, there are persons who were recognized\nas refugees or registered as asylum-seekers in Libya by UNHCR, or in other countries where they\nresided before reaching Libya (by UNHCR or in State refugee status determination or asylum\nprocedures). Syrians, Palestinians, Eritreans and Iraqis are the largest groups of asylum-seekers and\nrefugees registered with UNHCR in Libya. [44] In addition, there are likely to be third country\n\n\n40 In the context of human rights obligations, or of applicable regional frameworks, such as the EU Qualification Directive.\n41 UNHCR, _Guidelines on International Protection No. 5: Application of the Exclusion Clauses: Article 1F of the 1951 Convention_\n\n_relating to the Status of Refugees,_ [4 September 2003, CR/GIP/03/05, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f5857684.html.](http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f5857684.html)\n42 See UNHCR, _Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum,_ September 2006,\n\n[http://www.refworld.org/docid/452b9bca2.html.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/452b9bca2.html)\n43 The decision-maker bears the burden of proof of establishing that an analysis of relocation is relevant to the particular case. If\n\nconsidered relevant, it is up to the party asserting this to identify the proposed area of relocation and provide evidence establishing that\nit is a reasonable alternative for the individual concerned. See UNHCR, _Guidelines on International Protection No. 4: Internal Flight or_\n_Relocation Alternative\" Within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of_\n_Refugees, HCR/GIP/03/04,_ 23 July 2003, [http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3f2791a44.pdf, and paras. 33-35. For an IFA/IRA to be](http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3f2791a44.pdf)\nrelevant, the proposed area of relocation must be practically, safely and legally accessible. Further, where the claimant has a wellfounded fear of persecution at the hands of the State and its agents, there is a presumption that consideration of an IFA/IRA is not\n\u201crelevant\u201d for areas under the control of the State. If the applicant fears persecution by a non-state agent of persecution, the ability to\npursue the claimant in the proposed area and the State\u2019s ability to provide protection there must be considered, See paras. 9 \u201321.\nUNHCR considers that a similar analysis would apply when the applicability of IFA is considered in the context of determining\neligibility for subsidiary protection.\n44 Out of the total of 36,984 persons registered, 18,700 are Syrian, 5,300 are Palestinian, 4,687 are Eritrean and 3,105 are Iraqi. Other\n\nregistered nationalities include Somali, Sudanese, Ethiopian, Congolese and Chadian. Detailed statistics available from UNHCR.\n\n\n6/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 5 - ] - } - }, - { - "input_text": "nationals or stateless persons who resided in Libya but who had not or not yet applied with UNHCR\nfor international protection in Libya before moving onwards to seek international protection\nelsewhere. This category may include persons originating from countries in conflict or otherwise in\nturmoil who were residing in Libya as migrant workers, but found themselves compelled to leave as\na result of insecurity and violence. Upon arrival in another country, third country nationals seeking\nor otherwise indicating a possible need for international protection should be referred to national\nasylum procedures, for consideration of their applications for international protection.\n\n_Designation of Libya as Safe Third Country_\n\n\n14. UNHCR does not consider it appropriate for States to designate or apply in practice a designation\n\nof Libya as a so-called \u201csafe third country\u201d. The designation of a country as a \u201csafe third country\u201d\nmay result in a request for international protection not being considered on its merits but declared\ninadmissible, or processed in an accelerated procedure with reduced procedural safeguards. Even\nbefore the current unrest and insecurity, UNHCR considered that Libya should not be considered\nas a safe third country, in light of the absence of a functioning asylum system, the widely reported\ndifficulties and abuses faced by asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, and the absence of\nprotection from such abuses. [45] UNHCR calls on States not to channel applications for international\nprotection from third country nationals into accelerated procedure or declare them inadmissible,\nmerely on the basis of the fact that they previously resided in or transited through Libya.\n\n_Updating and Review_\n\n\n15. UNHCR\u2019s position will be reviewed as the situation evolves and will be updated as necessary.\n\n\n45 See e.g. UNHCR, _UNHCR Intervention Before the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy,_ March\n\n[2010, Application no. 27765/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html. See also footnote 25.](http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97778d2.html)\n\n\n7/7\n\n\n", - "datasets": [], - "document": { - "source": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d49b1c79-4019-3aed-850a-11238cbcae28/54646a494.pdf", - "pages": [ - 6 - ] - } - } -] \ No newline at end of file